bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitioning from Medicaid to private health insurance: informing public and private sector outreach
Authors: White Amy Samantha
Published: September 2023

This study explored the lived experiences of transitioning from Medicaid to private health insurance upon college graduation. Fifteen recent graduates of an urban, commuter, public college in the Mid-Atlantic were interviewed via Zoom® to understand what they regard as crucial aspects of the transition experience, especially during the COVID pandemic. The subjects all identified as being members of a minority racial or ethnic group, the average age was 33 years (SD = 10.96), and all but one interview subject majored in the health sciences. Every recent graduate reported experiencing difficulty in the transition. Subjects felt unprepared for the transition, alone, and without support. “Copays” was the most common response to questions, frequently said with arms in the air for emphasis, as if the word “copay” summarized all of the lack of preparation, difficulty, and expense of the healthcare system after previously receiving Medicaid (i.e., free healthcare). The findings inform how the private sector should on-board new college graduates. There is a need for Medicaid case officers to better prepare clients for the transition and for human resources personnel in the private sector to sufficiently explain how private health insurance works.
Overweight and Obesity in Finnish Children by Parents’ Socioeconomic Position—A Registry-Based Study
Authors: Mäki Päivi , Levälahti Esko , Lehtinen-Jacks Susanna , Laatikainen Tiina
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To examine associations between parents’ socioeconomic position (SEP) and child overweight and obesity, using registry data.

Methods: Data (final n = 194,423) on children’s height, weight and parents’ SEP were drawn from the national Register of Primary Health Care Visits (Avohilmo) and Statistics Finland. Risk ratios for bernoulli-distributed overweight (RROW) and obesity (RROB) according to SEP were estimated using generalized linear models and using a log -link.

Results: The risk for obesity was lower in boys from high-income families (RROB 0.76), for overweight and obesity was lower in boys (RROW 0.72, RROB 0.58) and girls (RROW 0.72, RROB 0.54) with highly educated fathers, in boys (RROW 0.79, RROB 0.58) and girls (RROW 0.78, RROB 0.56) with high-educated mothers and in boys (RROW 0.85, RROB 0.77) and girls (RROW 0.80, RROB 0.69) living in urban areas, as compared to low-income families, low-educated parents, and rural residence, respectively.

Conclusion: The risk of overweight and obesity was increased in children with low SEP or rural residence. Administrative registers are a valid approach to monitor childhood obesity by parents’ SEP.
Development of a Radiomics-Based Model to Predict Graft Fibrosis in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Qazi Arisar Fakhar Ali , Salinas-Miranda Emmanuel , Ale Ali Hamideh , Lajkosz Katherine , Chen Catherine , Azhie Amirhossein , Healy Gerard M. , Deniffel Dominik , Haider Masoom A. , Bhat Mamatha
Published: September 2023

Liver Transplantation is complicated by recurrent fibrosis in 40% of recipients. We evaluated the ability of clinical and radiomic features to flag patients at risk of developing future graft fibrosis. CT scans of 254 patients at 3–6 months post-liver transplant were retrospectively analyzed. Volumetric radiomic features were extracted from the portal phase using an Artificial Intelligence-based tool (PyRadiomics). The primary endpoint was clinically significant (≥F2) graft fibrosis. A 10-fold cross-validated LASSO model using clinical and radiomic features was developed. In total, 75 patients (29.5%) developed ≥F2 fibrosis by a median of 19 (4.3–121.8) months. The maximum liver attenuation at the venous phase (a radiomic feature reflecting venous perfusion), primary etiology, donor/recipient age, recurrence of disease, brain-dead donor, tacrolimus use at 3 months, and APRI score at 3 months were predictive of ≥F2 fibrosis. The combination of radiomics and the clinical features increased the AUC to 0.811 from 0.793 for the clinical-only model (p = 0.008) and from 0.664 for the radiomics-only model (p < 0.001) to predict future ≥F2 fibrosis. This pilot study exploring the role of radiomics demonstrates that the addition of radiomic features in a clinical model increased the model’s performance. Further studies are required to investigate the generalizability of this experimental tool.
A Self–Tuning Intelligent Controller for a Smart Actuation Mechanism of a Morphing Wing Based on Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Grigorie Teodor Lucian , Botez Ruxandra Mihaela
Published: September 2023

The paper exposes some of the results obtained in a major research project related to the design, development, and experimental testing of a morphing wing demonstrator, with the main focus on the development of the automatic control of the actuation system, on its integration into the experimental developed morphing wing system, and on the gain related to the extension of the laminar flow over the wing upper surface when it was morphed based on this control system. The project was a multidisciplinary one, being realized in collaboration between several Canadian research teams coming from universities, research institutes, and industrial entities. The project’s general aim was to reduce the operating costs for the new generation of aircraft via fuel economy in flight and also to improve aircraft performance, expand its flight envelope, replace conventional control surfaces, reduce drag to improve range, and reduce vibrations and flutter. In this regard, the research team realized theoretical studies, accompanied by the development and wind tunnel experimental testing of a rectangular wing model equipped with a morphing skin, electrical smart actuators, and pressure sensors. The wing model was designed to be actively controlled so as to change its shape and produce the expansion of laminar flow on its upper surface. The actuation mechanism used to change the wing shape by morphing its flexible upper surface (manufactured from composite materials) is based on Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) actuators. Shown here are the smart mechanism used to actuate the wing’s upper surface, the design of the intelligent actuation control concept, which uses a self–tuning fuzzy logic Proportional–Integral–Derivative plus conventional On–Off controller, and some of the results provided by the wind tunnel experimental testing of the model equipped with the intelligent controlled actuation system. The control mechanism uses two fuzzy logic controllers, one used as the main controller and the other one as the tuning controller, having the role of adjusting (to tune) the coefficients involved in the operation of the main controller. The control system also took into account the physical limitations of the SMA actuators, including a software protection section for the SMA wires, implemented by using a temperature limiter and by saturating the electrical current powering the actuators. The On–Off component of the integrated controller deactivates or activates the heating phase of the SMA wires, a situation when the actuator passes into the cooling phase or is controlled by the Self–Tuning Fuzzy Logic Controller.
Microplastic Pollution in EU Farmland Soils: Preliminary Findings from Agricultural Soils (Southwestern Poland)
Authors: Medyńska-Juraszek Agnieszka , Szczepańska Anna
Published: September 2023

Agricultural soils are considered as “hot-spots” of plastic particles; however, due to a lack of standardized method of microplastic determination in soils, as well as no legal regulations requiring the monitoring of the soil environment in the context of microplastic contamination, the data on MP abundance and occurrence in European soils are very limited. In this first study of MPs pollution in agricultural soils in Poland, we developed a method of microplastic extraction from soil samples with different properties (particle size distribution, clay and organic matter content) and used optical microscopy for MP determination and quantification. In this study, we analyzed 44 soil samples from five sampling site locations with differing soil type, agricultural activity, including farmland soils on floodplains and past records of sewage sludge and compost applications. We found evidence that 93% of cultivated soils in the SW part of Poland contained MPs. The content of MP varied between soil types and present/former use of the land. Loamy and clay soils contained more MPs, 1540 ± 912 particles per kg soil and 933 ± 682 particles per kg, respectively, compared with sandy soils at 383 ± 188 particles per kg of soil. The highest MP concentrations were determined in soils amended with sewage sludge, wastewaters and green-waste composts (up to 4050 ± 2831 particles per kg of soil). The wide distribution of MPs with a dominance of plastic fibers (up to 60% of determined MP types) can be associated with agricultural sources such as soil mulching, the use of organic fertilizers, seed coating or unintentional waste dumping and air deposition.
Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Carlina vulgaris Extract and Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Cytotoxic Components
Authors: Sowa Ireneusz , Paduch Roman , Mołdoch Jarosław , Szczepanek Dariusz , Szkutnik Jacek , Sowa Paweł , Tyszczuk-Rotko Katarzyna , Blicharski Tomasz , Wójciak Magdalena
Published: September 2023

Carlina vulgaris is a poorly understood plant in the context of biological activity, despite its widespread application in ethnomedicine in numerous European countries. The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic potential of the plant against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) and to isolate the plant components linked to this effect. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with a high-resolution/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC–HR/QTOF/MS–PDA) was used for the phytochemical characterization of the extract. Liquid–liquid extraction and preparative chromatography were employed for fractionation purposes. Our investigation demonstrated that the ethyl acetate fraction from C. vulgaris showed significant cytotoxicity, and a bioactivity-guided approach led to the isolation of oxylipins, including traumatic acid, pinellic acid, and 9,10-dihydroxy-8-oxsooctadec-12-enic acid. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Among these compounds, the last one exhibited significant cytotoxicity, though without selectivity, and traumatic acid was characterized by mild cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was linked to intracellular reactive oxygen species generation.
Predominantly Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype with Mixed M1/M2 Polarization of Peripheral Blood Classical Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages among Patients with Excessive Ethanol Intake
Authors: Fernández-Regueras María , Carbonell Cristina , Salete-Granado Daniel , García Juan-Luis , Gragera Marcos , Pérez-Nieto María-Ángeles , Morán-Plata Francisco-Javier , Mayado Andrea , Torres Jorge-Luis , Corchete Luis-Antonio , Usategui-Martín Ricardo , Bueno-Martínez Elena , Rojas-Pirela Maura , Sabio Guadalupe , González-Sarmiento Rogelio , Orfao Alberto , Laso Francisco-Javier , Almeida Julia , Marcos Miguel
Published: September 2023

Excessive alcohol consumption impairs the immune system, induces oxidative stress, and triggers the activation of peripheral blood (PB) monocytes, thereby contributing to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We analyzed the M1/M2 phenotypes of circulating classical monocytes and macrophage-derived monocytes (MDMs) in excessive alcohol drinkers (EADs). PB samples from 20 EADs and 22 healthy controls were collected for isolation of CD14+ monocytes and short-term culture with LPS/IFNγ, IL4/IL13, or without stimulation. These conditions were also used to polarize MDMs into M1, M2, or M0 phenotypes. Cytokine production was assessed in the blood and culture supernatants. M1/M2-related markers were analyzed using mRNA expression and surface marker detection. Additionally, the miRNA profile of CD14+ monocytes was analyzed. PB samples from EADs exhibited increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Following short-term culture, unstimulated blood samples from EADs showed higher levels of soluble TNF-α and IL-8, whereas monocytes expressed increased levels of surface TNF-α and elevated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase. MDMs from EADs showed higher levels of TNF-α and CD206 surface markers and increased IL-10 production. LPS/IFNγ induced higher mRNA expression of Nrf2 only in the controls. miRNA analysis revealed a distinctive miRNA profile that is potentially associated with liver carcinogenesis and ALD through inflammation and oxidative stress. This study confirms the predominantly pro-inflammatory profile of PB monocytes among EADs and suggests immune exhaustion features in MDMs.
Metabolic and Developmental Changes in Insects as Stress-Related Response to Electromagnetic Field Exposure
Authors: Wyszkowska Joanna , Maliszewska Justyna , Gas Piotr
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: The growing ubiquity of electromagnetic fields (EMF) due to rapid technological progress raises concerns about potential health implications. While laboratory experiments have generated inconclusive findings about adverse effects, EMFs have demonstrated efficacy in magnetotherapy. Earlier studies indicate that an EMF can trigger stress responses in organisms, the outcomes of which are dependent on the intensity of the EMF. (2) Methods: This study aims to explore the effects of extremely low-frequency EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT, or 7 mT) on metamorphosis and metabolism rates, which are indicators of stress, across different developmental stages of Tenebrio molitor, including adults, pupae, and larvae. (3) Results: Our findings reveal that exposure to EMF leads to accelerated weight loss, increased adult metabolism, and higher mortality; however, EMF exposure appears to have no impact on sugar levels or the rate and success of metamorphosis. Notably, significant changes were only observed under the influence of a strong EMF (7 mT), while the weaker EMF (1 mT) did not yield statistically significant outcomes. (4) Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that an extremely low-frequency EMF can be considered a stressor, with its effects contingent upon the specific parameters of exposure and the developmental stage of the experimental model.
Performance Evaluation of an API Stock Exchange Web System on Cloud Docker Containers
Authors: Rak Tomasz
Published: September 2023

This study aims to identify the most effective input parameters for performance modelling of container-based web systems. We introduce a method using queueing Petri nets to model web system performance for containerized structures, leveraging prior measurement data for resource demand estimation. This approach eliminates intrusive interventions in the production system. Our research evaluates the accuracy of various formal estimation methods, pinpointing the most suitable for container environments. With the use of a stock exchange web system benchmark for data collection and simulation verification, our findings reveal that the proposed method ensures precise response time parameter accuracy for such architectural configurations.
Simulated Prediction of Roof Water Breakout for High-Intensity Mining under Reservoirs in Mining Areas in Western China
Authors: Yang Tao , Deng Jiayue , Peng Bing , Zhang Jie , Zhang Yiming , Yan Yihui
Published: September 2023

China is rich in coal resources under water bodies. However, the safety prediction of high-intensity mining under water bodies has long been one of the problems encountered by the coal industry. It is of great significance to realize safe mining under water bodies, improve the recovery rate of coal resources and protect reservoir resources. Therefore, this article takes the No. 5 coal seam and No. 11 mining area of the Wangwa Coal Mine as the research object, and integrates physical simulation, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and other methods to study the development height of water-conducting fracture zones in fully mechanized top coal caving mining. Solid–liquid coupling physical simulation tests reveal the failure characteristics of overlying strata in goaf and the seepage law of reservoir water under the influence of mining. By comparing the monitoring data of borehole leakage, the measured data obtained by borehole monitoring with the height data of the water-conducting fracture zone obtained by the traditional empirical formula of three-under standard, the error between the two is as high as −29.39%. In this case, the variance correction coefficient is used to correct the empirical formula, and on this basis, in order to effectively protect the surface water dam and water body, the mining height of the coal seam in the working face with limited height mining is inversely derived. The research results provide a basis for the safety prediction of high-intensity mining under the reservoir dam in the ecologically fragile areas of western China and a scientific guarantee for the formulation of safety measures under such conditions.
The Influence of the Hardness of the Tested Material and the Surface Preparation Method on the Results of Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Kowalczyk Jakub , Jósko Marian , Wieczorek Daniel , Sędłak Kamil , Nowak Michał
Published: September 2023

Non-destructive ultrasonic testing can be used to assess the properties and condition of real machine elements during their operation, with limited (one-sided) access to these elements. A methodological question then arises concerning the influence of the material properties of such elements and the condition of their surfaces on the result of ultrasonic testing. This paper attempts to estimate the influence of material hardness and surface roughness on the result of such testing study area testing machine or plant components of unknown exact thickness. Ultrasonic testing was carried out on specially prepared steel samples. These samples had varying surface roughness (Ra from 0.34 to 250.73 µm) of the reflection surface of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave (the so-called reflectors) and hardness (32 and 57 HRC). The ultrasonic measures were the attenuation of the wave, estimated by the decibel drop in the gain of its pulses, and the propagation velocity of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave. Ultrasonic transducers (probes) of varying frequencies (from 2 to 20 MHz), excited by a laboratory and industrial defectoscope were used as the source of such a wave. The results of our research provide a basis for the recommendation of two considered ultrasonic quantities for assessing the material properties of the tested element. This is of particular importance when testing machines or plant components of unknown exact thickness and unknown roughness of inaccessible surfaces, which are the reflectors of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave used for testing. It has been demonstrated that by using the ultrasonic echo technique, it is possible to evaluate the roughness and hardness of the tested elements.
High-Speed Motion Analysis-Based Machine Learning Models for Prediction and Simulation of Flyrock in Surface Mines
Authors: Mishra Romil , Mishra Arvind Kumar , Choudhary Bhanwar Singh
Published: September 2023

Blasting is a cost-efficient and effective technique that utilizes explosive chemical energy to generate the necessary pressure for rock fragmentation in surface mines. However, a significant portion of this energy is dissipated in undesirable outcomes such as flyrock, ground vibration, back-break, etc. Among these, flyrock poses the gravest threat to structures, humans, and equipment. Consequently, the precise estimation of flyrock has garnered substantial attention as a prominent research domain. This research introduces an innovative approach for demarcating the hazardous zone for bench blasting through simulation of flyrock trajectories with probable launch conditions. To accomplish this, production blasts at five distinct surface mines in India were monitored using a high-speed video camera and data related to blast design and flyrock launch circumstances including the launch velocity (vf) were gathered by conducting motion analysis. The dataset was then used to develop ten Bayesian optimized machine learning regression models for predicting vf. Among all the models, the Extremely Randomized Trees Regression model (ERTR-BO) demonstrated the best predictive accuracy. Moreover, Shapely Additive Explanation (SHAP) analysis of the ERTR-BO model unveiled bulk density as the most influential input feature in predicting vf, followed by other features. To apply the model in a real-world setting, a user interface was developed to aid in flyrock trajectory simulation during bench blast designing.
Advancements in Oral Maxillofacial Surgery: A Comprehensive Review on 3D Printing and Virtual Surgical Planning
Authors: Kim Jwa-Young , Lee Yong-Chan , Kim Seong-Gon , Garagiola Umberto
Published: September 2023

This comprehensive review explores the advancements in Orthognathic and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, focusing on the integration of 3D Printing and Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP). Traditional surgical methods, while effective, come with inherent risks and complications, and can lead to variability in outcomes due to the reliance on the surgeon’s skill and experience. The shift towards patient-centric care necessitates personalized surgical methods, which can be achieved through advanced technology. The amalgamation of 3D printing and VSP revolutionizes surgical planning and implementation by providing tactile 3D models for visualization and planning, and accurately designed surgical guides for execution. This convergence of digital planning and physical modeling facilitates a more predictable, personalized, and precise surgical process. However, the adoption of these technologies presents challenges, including the need for extensive software training and the steep learning curve associated with computer-aided design programs. Despite these challenges, the integration of 3D printing and VSP paves the way for advanced patient care in orthognathic and oral maxillofacial surgery.
The Orphic Gazelle: A Critical Iconology of the Zoomorphic Trope in Franz Marc and Rainer Maria Rilke
Authors: Casellato Anna
Published: September 2023

The article explores the curious landing of the gazelle in Franz Marc’s pictorial text (1913) and Rainer Maria Rilke’s poem (1907). An analysis of the iconographic and pictorial apparatus sets the foundations for a comparison to the poetic restitution of the same zoomorphic trope. Concepts from Visual Studies and recent iconological-anthropological schools of thought support a hypothesis of migration across time and medium of the gazelle’s symbolism and iconicity. Further, the critical iconology method reveals the possibility of autonomous expression for the zoomorphic trope in the idiosyncrasy produced by her torsion and gaze direction. Consequently, the gazelle offers a new path for decoding a precise historical and artistic attitude beyond expressionist pantheism. The implications of her alienating Orphic gaze are clarified when considered in contextual works and concern the visual projection towards a necessary turning point regarding Rilke’s and Marc’s ontological-aesthetic position. Beyond traditional symbolism, the gazelle depicts a transition toward formal experimentalism in the face of the impending First World War. It outlines the capacity of animal physicality to describe its genesis. Moreover, it illustrates the modern attitudes held towards culturally constructed change by distancing herself from hermeneutic overwriting while moving between precise ontological-aesthetic coordinates.
Bedside Testing in Acute Vestibular Syndrome—Evaluating HINTS Plus and Beyond—A Critical Review
Authors: Tarnutzer Alexander , Edlow Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Acute vertigo and dizziness are frequent presenting symptoms in patients in the emergency department. These symptoms, which can be subtle and transient, present diagnostic challenges because they can be caused by a broad range of conditions that cut across many specialties and organ systems. Previous work has emphasized the value of combining structured history taking and a targeted examination focusing on subtle oculomotor signs. In this review, we discuss various diagnostic bedside algorithms proposed for the acutely dizzy patient. We analyzed these different approaches by calculating their area-under-the-curve (ROC) characteristics and sensitivity/specificity. We found that the algorithms that incorporated structured history taking and the use of subtle oculomotor signs had the highest diagnostic accuracy. In fact, both the HINTS+ bedside exam and the STANDING algorithm can more accurately diagnose acute strokes than early (<24 to 48 h after symptom onset) MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). An important caveat is that HINTS and STANDING require moderate training to achieve this accuracy. Therefore, for physicians who have not undergone adequate training, other approaches are needed. These other approaches (e.g., ABCD2 score, PCI score, and TriAGe+ score) rely on vascular risk factors, clinical symptoms, and focal neurologic findings. While these other scores are easier for frontline providers to use, their diagnostic accuracy is far lower than HINTS+ or STANDING. Therefore, a focus on providing dedicated training in HINTS+ or STANDING techniques to frontline clinicians will be key to improving diagnostic accuracy and avoiding unnecessary brain imaging.
Bogdanov–Takens Bifurcation Analysis of a Learning-Process Model
Authors: Zhu Zhenliang , Guan Yuxian
Published: September 2023

In this paper, as a complement to the works by Monterio and Notargiacomo, we analyze the dynamical behavior of a learning-process model in a case where the system admits a unique interior degenerate equilibrium. Meanwhile, we acquire the sufficient condition for the cusp of codimension 2 and verify that the system undergoes Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation around the cusp. Finally, we give a numerical simulation to support the theoretical results.
Cell Cycle Control by Optogenetically Regulated Cell Cycle Inhibitor Protein p21
Authors: Lataster Levin , Huber Hanna Mereth , Böttcher Christina , Föller Stefanie , Takors Ralf , Radziwill Gerald
Published: September 2023

The progression through the cell cycle phases is driven by cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins as their regulatory subunits. As nuclear protein, the cell cycle inhibitor p21/CDKN1A arrests the cell cycle at the growth phase G1 by inhibiting the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases. The G1 phase correlates with increased cell size and cellular productivity. Here, we applied an optogenetic approach to control the subcellular localization of p21 and its nuclear functions. To generate light-controllable p21, appropriate fusions with the blue light switch cryptochrome 2/CIBN and the AsLOV-based light-inducible nuclear localization signal, LINuS, were used. Both systems, p21-CRY2/CIB1 and p21-LINuS, increased the amounts of cells arrested in the G1 phase correlating with the increased cell-specific productivity of the reporter-protein-secreted alkaline phosphatase. Varying the intervals of blue LED light exposure and the light dose enable the fine-tuning of the systems. Light-controllable p21 implemented in producer cell lines could be applied to steer the uncoupling of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase optimizing the production of biotherapeutic proteins.
A Bacillus subtilis Strain ZJ20 with AFB1 Detoxification Ability: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Huang Meixue , Guo Jing , Jia Yanyan , Liao Chengshui , He Lei , Li Jing , Wei Ying , Chen Songbiao , Chen Jian , Shang Ke , Guo Rongxian , Ding Ke , Yu Zuhua
Published: September 2023

As a class I carcinogen, aflatoxin can cause serious damage to various tissues and organs through oxidative stress injuries. The liver, as the target organ of AFB1, is the most seriously damaged. Biological methods are commonly used to degrade AFB1. In our study, the aflatoxin B1-degrading strain ZJ20 was screened from AFB1-contaminated feed and soil, and the degradation of AFB1 by ZJ20 was investigated. The whole genome of strain ZJ20 was analyzed, revealing the genomic complexity of strain ZJ20. The 16S rRNA analysis of strain ZJ20 showed 100% identity to Bacillus subtilis IAM 12118. Through whole gene functional annotation, it was determined that ZJ20 has high antioxidant activity and enzymatic activity; more than 100 CAZymes and 11 gene clusters are involved in the production of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. In addition, B. subtilis ZJ20 was predicted to contain a cluster of genes encoding AFB1-degrading enzymes, including chitinase, laccase, lactonase, and manganese oxidase. The comprehensive analysis of B. subtilis provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of the biological functions of ZJ20 and the combinatorial enzyme degradation of AFB1.
Correction: Raposo et al. The Role of Food Supplementation in Microcirculation—A Comprehensive Review. Biology 2021, 10, 616
Authors: Raposo António , Saraiva Ariana , Ramos Fernando , Carrascosa Conrado , Raheem Dele , Bárbara Rita , Silva Henrique
Published: September 2023

Following the publication of [...]
Integrating Omics Technologies for a Comprehensive Understanding of the Microbiome and Its Impact on Cattle Production
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Gurjeet , Gupta Taruna , Mittal Deepti , Ali Syed Azmal
Published: September 2023

Ruminant production holds a pivotal position within the global animal production and agricultural sectors. As population growth escalates, posing environmental challenges, a heightened emphasis is directed toward refining ruminant production systems. Recent investigations underscore the connection between the composition and functionality of the rumen microbiome and economically advantageous traits in cattle. Consequently, the development of innovative strategies to enhance cattle feed efficiency, while curbing environmental and financial burdens, becomes imperative. The advent of omics technologies has yielded fresh insights into metabolic health fluctuations in dairy cattle, consequently enhancing nutritional management practices. The pivotal role of the rumen microbiome in augmenting feeding efficiency by transforming low-quality feedstuffs into energy substrates for the host is underscored. This microbial community assumes focal importance within gut microbiome studies, contributing indispensably to plant fiber digestion, as well as influencing production and health variability in ruminants. Instances of compromised animal welfare can substantially modulate the microbiological composition of the rumen, thereby influencing production rates. A comprehensive global approach that targets both cattle and their rumen microbiota is paramount for enhancing feed efficiency and optimizing rumen fermentation processes. This review article underscores the factors that contribute to the establishment or restoration of the rumen microbiome post perturbations and the intricacies of host-microbiome interactions. We accentuate the elements responsible for responsible host-microbiome interactions and practical applications in the domains of animal health and production. Moreover, meticulous scrutiny of the microbiome and its consequential effects on cattle production systems greatly contributes to forging more sustainable and resilient food production systems, thereby mitigating the adverse environmental impact.
Predictive Value of Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score and Persistent Inflammation among Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Durvalumab Consolidation after Chemoradiotherapy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Tanimura Keiko , Takeda Takayuki , Yoshimura Akihiro , Honda Ryoichi , Goda Shiho , Shiotsu Shinsuke , Fukui Mototaka , Chihara Yusuke , Uryu Kiyoaki , Takei Shota , Katayama Yuki , Hibino Makoto , Yamada Tadaaki , Takayama Koichi
Published: September 2023

Background: Durvalumab consolidation after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a standard treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, studies on immunological and nutritional markers to predict progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) are inadequate. Systemic inflammation causes cancer cachexia and negatively affects immunotherapy efficacy, which also reflects survival outcomes. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively investigated 126 patients from seven institutes in Japan. Results: The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) values, before and after CRT, were the essential predictors among the evaluated indices. A systemic inflammation-based prognostic risk classification was created by combining mGPS values before CRT, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels after CRT, to distinguish tumor-derived inflammation from CRT-induced inflammation. Patients were classified into high-risk (n = 31) and low-risk (n = 95) groups, and the high-risk group had a significantly shorter median PFS of 7.2 months and an OS of 19.6 months compared with the low-risk group. The hazard ratios for PFS and OS were 2.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–4.19, p < 0.001) and 3.62 (95% CI: 1.79–7.33, p < 0.001), respectively. This association was also observed in the subgroup with programmed cell death ligand 1 expression of ≥50%, but not in the <50% subgroup. Furthermore, durvalumab discontinuation was observed more frequently in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. Conclusion: Combining pre-CRT mGPS values with post-CRT CRP levels in patients with locally advanced NSCLC helps to predict the PFS and OS of durvalumab consolidation after CRT.
Global Tanning Bed Advertising: A Comparison of Legal Regulations on Three Continents
Authors: Mathes Sonja , Lindwedel Karla S. , Nilsen Lill Tove , Kaiser Isabelle , Pfahlberg Annette B. , Gefeller Olaf
Published: September 2023

Artificial ultraviolet radiation from tanning beds has been classified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2009. Several countries have subsequently introduced comprehensive legislation regulating commercial indoor tanning. Specific aspects of these regulations address tanning bed advertising and information requirements for tanning bed customers, which have been previously neglected in international comparisons of indoor tanning regulations. We performed a systematic search regarding legislation on these aspects in 131 legislative units across three continents (North America, Australia/New Zealand, Europe). The legal restrictions found varied widely in type and content. In 49 legislative units we identified total (n = 8) or partial legal bans (n = 41) on advertising for indoor tanning, while 64 legislative units enacted 5regulations that necessitate the dissemination of different types of specific health information to tanning bed customers. Nearly 40% of the legislative units of the study region lacked any legislation on these issues altogether. The heterogenous results emphasize the need for an international dialogue between health authorities and governments to harmonize the regulatory framework for tanning bed advertising and information requirements to a level better protecting the public from skin cancer. Our comprehensive international comparison can serve as a starting point for such a harmonization process that may ultimately protect the public worldwide from misleading tanning bed advertising.
Recruitment and Retention Strategies Used in Dietary Randomized Controlled Interventions with Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Werts Samantha J. , Lavelle Sarah A. , Crane Tracy E. , Thomson Cynthia A.
Published: September 2023

Background: The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate the quality of reporting of recruitment and retention methods in diet-related intervention trials among cancer survivors. Methods: A systematic search of five databases in Spring 2023 identified dietary intervention randomized controlled trials with a minimum of 50 cancer survivors, an intervention of at least eight weeks, and at least six months of study duration. Outcomes investigated include methodologic description and reporting of recruitment and retention rates. Results: Seventeen trials met inclusion criteria. Recruitment methods included cancer registry and clinician referral, hospital records, flyers, and media campaigns, and were reported in 88.2% of studies. Eleven of 17 studies (64.7%) met a priori recruitment goals. Eleven studies identified an a priori retention goal and seven met the goal. Retention goals were met more often for studies of less than one year (71.4%) versus greater than one year (50%), and for studies with remote or hybrid delivery (66.7%) versus only in-person delivery (50%). Conclusions: Recruitment goals and methods are frequently reported; reporting of retention methods and goals is limited. Efforts are needed to improve reporting of retention methods and rates to inform best practices and enhance the rigor of future dietary intervention trials.
Methotrexate Chemotherapy Causes Growth Impairments, Vitamin D Deficiency, Bone Loss, and Altered Intestinal Metabolism—Effects of Calcitriol Supplementation
Authors: Su Yu-Wen , Lee Alice M. C. , Xu Xukang , Hua Belinda , Tapp Heather , Wen Xue-Sen , Xian Cory J.
Published: September 2023

Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is prevalent in childhood cancer patients and survivors after chemotherapy; further studies are needed to investigate the underlying aetiology and effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in preventing chemotherapy-induced bone loss. This study used a rat model of treatment with antimetabolite methotrexate to investigate whether methotrexate chemotherapy causes vitamin D deficiency and if vitamin D supplementation attenuates the resultant bone loss. Methotrexate treatment (five daily injections) decreased serum vitamin D levels (from 52 to <30 ng/mL), reduced body and bone lengthening and tibial trabecular bone volume, and altered intestinal vitamin D metabolism, which was associated with intestinal mucosal damage known to cause malabsorption of nutrients, including dietary vitamin D and calcium. During the early stage after chemotherapy, mRNA expression increased for vitamin D activation enzyme CYP27B1 and for calcium-binding protein TRPV6 in the intestine. During the intestinal healing stage, expression of vitamin D catabolism enzyme CYP24 increased, and that of TRPV6 was normalised. Furthermore, subcutaneous calcitriol supplementation diminished methotrexate-induced bone loss due to its effect suppressing methotrexate-induced increased bone resorption. Thus, in young rats, methotrexate chemotherapy causes vitamin D deficiency, growth impairments, bone loss, and altered intestinal vitamin D metabolism, which are associated with intestinal damage, and vitamin D supplementation inhibits methotrexate-induced bone loss.
Robotic Parenchymal-Sparing Pancreatectomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zheng Richard , Ghabi Elie , He Jin
Published: September 2023

Background: Parenchymal-sparing approaches to pancreatectomy are technically challenging procedures but allow for preserving a normal pancreas and decreasing the rate of postoperative pancreatic insufficiency. The robotic platform is increasingly being used for these procedures. We sought to evaluate robotic parenchymal-sparing pancreatectomy and assess its complication profile and efficacy. Methods: This systematic review consisted of all studies on robotic parenchymal-sparing pancreatectomy (central pancreatectomy, duodenum-preserving partial pancreatic head resection, enucleation, and uncinate resection) published between January 2001 and December 2022 in PubMed and Embase. Results: A total of 23 studies were included in this review (n = 788). Robotic parenchymal-sparing pancreatectomy is being performed worldwide for benign or indolent pancreatic lesions. When compared to the open approach, robotic parenchymal-sparing pancreatectomies led to a longer average operative time, shorter length of stay, and higher estimated intraoperative blood loss. Postoperative pancreatic fistula is common, but severe complications requiring intervention are exceedingly rare. Long-term complications such as endocrine and exocrine insufficiency are nearly nonexistent. Conclusions: Robotic parenchymal-sparing pancreatectomy appears to have a higher risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula but is rarely associated with severe or long-term complications. Careful patient selection is required to maximize benefits and minimize morbidity.
Metabolomics of Duodenal Juice for Biliary Tract Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Kishi Kazuma , Kuwatani Masaki , Ohnishi Yuki , Kumaki Yasuhiro , Kumeta Hiroyuki , Hirata Hajime , Takishin Yunosuke , Furukawa Ryutaro , Nagai Kosuke , Yonemura Hiroki , Nozawa Shunichiro , Sugiura Ryo , Kawakubo Kazumichi , Aizawa Tomoyasu , Sakamoto Naoya
Published: September 2023

The poor prognosis of malignant biliary diseases is partially caused by their difficult early diagnosis. Therefore, many patients are only diagnosed at advanced stages. This study aimed to improve diagnosis by clarifying the differences in the duodenal juice metabolomes of benign and malignant biliary diseases. From October 2021 to January 2023, duodenal juice was obtained from 67 patients with suspected biliary diseases who required endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for diagnosis/treatment. The samples metabolomes were analyzed via nuclear magnet resonance spectroscopy using an 800-MHz spectrometer. Metabolomes of malignant and benign diseases were then compared, and multivariate analysis was performed to determine the relevant factors for malignancy/benignancy. For benignancy, no significant predictors were observed. For malignancy, acetone was a significant predictor, with higher concentrations in the malignant group than in the benign group. Regarding the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for biliary tract carcinoma diagnosis, the predictive value of acetone in duodenal juice was comparable with serum CA19-9 levels (area under the curve: 0.7330 vs. 0.691, p = 0.697). In conclusion, duodenal juice metabolomics is a feasible method that is available for differential diagnosis in the biliary disease field.
Ibero-American Consensus Review and Incorporation of New Biomarkers for Clinical Practice in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bonilla Carlos Eduardo , Montenegro Paola , O’Connor Juan Manuel , Hernando-Requejo Ovidio , Aranda Enrique , Pinto Llerena José , Llontop Alejandra , Gallardo Escobar Jorge , Díaz Romero María del Consuelo , Bautista Hernández Yicel , Graña Suárez Begoña , Batagelj Emilio J. , Wali Mushtaq Ahmad , García-Foncillas Jesús
Published: September 2023

Advances in genomic technologies have significantly improved the management of colorectal cancer (CRC). Several biomarkers have been identified in CRC that enable personalization in the use of biologic agents that have shown to enhance the clinical outcomes of patients. However, technologies used for their determination generate massive amounts of information that can be difficult for the clinician to interpret and use adequately. Through several discussion meetings, a group of oncology experts from Spain and several Latin American countries reviewed the latest literature to provide practical recommendations on the determination of biomarkers in CRC based on their clinical experience. The article also describes the importance of looking for additional prognostic biomarkers and the use of histopathology to establish an adequate molecular classification. Present and future of immunotherapy biomarkers in CRC patients are also discussed, together with several techniques for marker determination, including liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing (NGS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fecal immunohistochemical tests. Finally, the role of Molecular Tumor Boards in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC is described. All of this information will allow us to highlight the importance of biomarker determination in CRC.
Enhancing Prediction for Tumor Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer by Dynamic Parameters from Clinical Assessments
Authors: Song Xin-Yun , Liu Jun , Li Hong-Xuan , Cai Xu-Wei , Li Zhi-Gang , Su Yu-Chen , Li Yue , Dong Xiao-Huan , Yu Wen , Fu Xiao-Long
Published: September 2023

To develop accurate and accessible prediction methods for assessing pathologic response following NICT prior to surgery, we conducted a retrospective study including 137 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent surgery after two cycles of NICT between January 2019 and March 2022 at our center. We collected clinical parameters to evaluate the dynamic changes in the primary tumor. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the correlations between these parameters and the pathologic response of the primary tumor. Subsequently, we constructed prediction models for pCR and MPR using multivariate logistic regression. The MPR prediction Model 2 was internally validated using bootstrapping and externally validated using an independent cohort from our center. The univariate logistic analysis revealed significant differences in clinical parameters reflecting tumor regression among patients with varying pathologic responses. The clinical models based on these assessments demonstrated excellent predictive performance, with the training cohort achieving a C-index of 0.879 for pCR and 0.912 for MPR, while the testing cohort also achieved a C-index of 0.912 for MPR. Notably, the MPR prediction Model 2, with a threshold cut-off of 0.74, exhibited 92.7% specificity and greater than 70% sensitivity, indicating a low rate of underestimating residual tumors. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the high accuracy of clinical assessment-based models in pathologic response prediction, aiding in decision-making regarding organ preservation and radiotherapy adjustments after induction immunochemotherapy.
Recent Advances in Functionalization Strategies for Biosensor Interfaces, Especially the Emerging Electro-Click: A Review
Authors: Wang Feiyu , Xie Yiwen , Zhu Weijie , Wei Tianxiang
Published: September 2023

The functionalization of biosensor interfaces constitutes a crucial aspect of biosensing systems, as it directly governs key characteristics, including sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and rapidity. Among the diverse range of functionalization strategies available for biosensor interfaces, the click reaction has emerged as an exceptionally straightforward and stable approach for modifying electrodes and sensing films. Notably, the electro-click reaction enables the reagent-free functionalization of the biosensing interface, offering significant advantages, such as high speed, selectivity, and minimal pollution. Consequently, this strategy has garnered substantial attention and is widely regarded as a promising avenue for enhancing biosensor interface functionalization. Within this comprehensive review, we commence by presenting the latest advancements in functionalized biosensor interfaces, organizing the regulatory strategies into distinct categories based on the mediators employed, ranging from nanomaterials to biomolecules. Subsequently, we provide a comprehensive summary with an emphasis on recently developed electro-click strategies for functionalizing electrochemical and optical biosensor interfaces, covering both principles and applications. It is our anticipation that gaining a profound understanding of the principles and applications underlying electro-click strategies for biosensor interface functionalization will facilitate the design of highly selective and sensitive biosensor systems for diverse domains, such as clinical, pharmaceutical, environmental, and food analyses.