bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENJELASAN AJARAN DALAM PRAJNA PARAMITA HDRAYA SUTRA (SIN CING)
Authors: Nyoto
Published: September 2019

Semua bentuk aktivitas yang dilakukan manusia pasti memiliki tujuan tertentu yang tidak diketahui oleh manusia disekitarnya. Begitu juga dengan aktivitas spiritual yang dilaksanakan umat Buddha. Umat Buddha Mahayana sangat meyakini dan menggap bahwa Pranja Paramita Hdraya Sutra adalah salah satu sutra hebat. Pranja Paramita Hdraya Sutra adalah kotbah Buddha tentang percakapan Bodhisatva Avalokitesvara dengan Araht Sariputra yang membahas tentang cara mencapai Nirvana adalah dengan merenungi panca skhanda yang diliputi oleh sunya (kosong). Apabila manusia mampu membebaskan diri dari kebodohan dan kemelekatan maka manusia akan mencapai kebahagian abadi atau Nirvana dan biasa disebut dengan kekosongan atau sunyata. Pranja Paramita Hdraya Sutrajuga menjelaskan tentang sebab penderitaan dan jalan untuk melenyapkan penderitaan. Apabila penderitaan telah dilenyapkan maka kebijakasanaan sejati akan tercapai. Perenungan dan pelaksanaan Pranja Paramita Hdraya Sutra akan mengondisikan seseorang mencapai Nirvana.
New Product development: An analysis of two small and medium enterprises in Vietnam. RCISS-0919-02
Authors: Tran Duc-Anh
Published: September 2019

The reasons for this exploratory investigation are to give a comprehension of the role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the new product development (NPD) procedure of SMEs in Vietnam and make a comparison between the NPD process and a particular case from the personal interview. The goal is to explore whether particular industries fully follow the NPD process or not. Firstly, discover the meaning of family business and SMEs; secondly, the NPD procedure; thirdly, using the NPD in the particular setting of SMEs (comparison). In addition, there are two questions, which are “How do small and medium-sized businesses conduct NPD activities?”, and “Which are the enabling factors and the constraining factors for NPD?”
Exploring the lived experience of older adults with dual sensory impairment
Authors: Wittich Walter , Lorenzini Marie-Celine
Published: September 2019

Objective. With the aging of the population, the prevalence of combined age-related vision and hearing impairments continues to rise. This increase results in a higher likelihood for low vision practitioners to serve older adults with dual sensory impairment (DSI). In order to ultimately provide optimal services to this population, the purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of older adults with DSI, examine their perceptions of their loss and identify the obstacles they face in their daily lives. Method. Twenty-nine older adults (age range 60 to 100) with DSI were interviewed about their experience of living with DSI. These interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a phenomenological approach through qualitative description. Results. Inter-rater reliability assessment between the two students who conducted the coding was high (kappa = .85). Six themes emerged from the interviews, three of which described participant priorities before the onset of their DSI (diagnosis, symptoms and treatments), and three summarizing concerns thereafter (barriers, facilitators and experiences with assistive technology). The later focused on activities of daily living and leisure activities, as well as specific experiences when coping with DSI. Discussion. The description of participants’ perception and experience with their sensory impairments can help low vision practitioners understand their clients’ perspective and their rehabilitation priorities in order to improve the practitioners –patient relationship. Furthermore, in a more general way, this study enables a better understanding of individuals living with DSI.
Bristlecone: An F# library for model-fitting and model-selection of ecological time-series data
Authors: Martin Andrew C
Published: September 2019

Environmental archives such as sediment cores and tree rings provide important insights on the timing and rates of change in biodiversity and ecosystem function over the long-term. Such datasets are often analysed using empirical methods, which limits their ability to address ecological questions that seek to understand underlying ecological mechanisms and processes. Top down modelling approaches – where data is confronted with simple ecological models – can be used to infer the presence, form, and strength of mechanisms of interest. To aid adoption of time-series mechanistic modelling for long-term ecology, we created a F# library, Bristlecone, that can be used to apply this approach using a Model- Fitting and Model-Selection workflow. Our objective with Bristlecone was to create a library that could be used to efficiency and effectively conduct a full MFMS analysis for long-term ecological problems. We incorporated techniques to address specific challenges with environmental archives, including uneven time steps from age-depth models (for sediment cores), and allometry and seasonality (for tree rings). We include an example analysis to demonstrate functionality of Bristlecone. Our solution presents a straightforward, repeatable, and highly parallel method for conducting inference for long- term ecological problems.
دوبلكسر الاتصالات اللاسلكية
Authors: KAREEM FIRAS ABDUL ELAH ABDUL
Published: September 2019

this article is helpful for any researcher or engineer that want to use one antenna for two radios base station for wireless transmission.
The Thin White Line: Adaptation suggests a common neural mechanism for judgements of Asian and Caucasian body size
Authors: Gould-Fensom Lewis , Tan Chrystalle B. Y. , Brooks Kevin R. , Mond Jon , Stevenson Richard James , Stephen Ian D
Published: September 2019

Visual adaptation has been proposed as a mechanism linking viewing images of thin women’s bodies with body size and shape misperception (BSSM). Non-Caucasian populations appear less susceptible to BSSM, possibly because adaptation to thin Caucasian bodies in Western media may not fully transfer to own-race bodies. Experiment 1 used a cross-adaptation paradigm to examine the transfer of body size aftereffects across races. Large aftereffects were found in the predicted directions for all conditions. The strength of aftereffects was statistically equivalent when the race of test stimuli was congruent vs incongruent with the race of adaptation stimuli, suggesting complete transfer of aftereffects across races. Experiment 2 used a contingent-adaptation paradigm, finding that simultaneous adaptation to wide Asian and narrow Caucasian women’s bodies (or vice versa) results in no significant aftereffects for either congruent or incongruent conditions, and statistically equivalent results for each. Equal and opposite adaptation effects may therefore transfer completely across races, cancelling each other out. This suggests that body size is encoded by a race-general neural mechanism. Unexpectedly, Asian observers showed reduced body size aftereffects compared to Caucasian observers, regardless of the race of stimulus bodies, perhaps helping to explain why Asian populations appear less susceptible to BSSM.
Constructing a consensus on language evolution? Convergences and differences between biolinguistic and usage-based approaches
Authors: Pleyer Michael , Hartmann Stefan
Published: September 2019

Two of the main theoretical approaches to the evolution of language are biolinguistics and usage-based approaches. Both are often conceptualized as belonging to seemingly irreconcilable ‘camps.’ Biolinguistic approaches assume that the ability to acquire language is based on a language-specific genetic foundation. Usage-based approaches, on the other hand, stress the importance of domain-general cognitive capacities, social cognition, and interaction. However, there have been a number of recent developments in both paradigms which suggest that biolinguistic and usage-based approaches are actually moving closing together. For example, theoretical advancements such as evo-devo and complex adaptive systems theory have gained traction in the language sciences, leading to changed conceptions of issues like the relative influence of “nature” and “nurture.” In this paper, we outline points of convergence between current minimalist biolinguistic and usage-based approaches regarding four contentious issues: a) modularity and domain-specificity, b) innateness and development, c) cultural and biological evolution, d) knowledge of language and its description. We show that across both paradigms, researchers have come to increasingly embrace more complex views of these issues. They also have come to appreciate the view that biological and cultural evolution are closely intertwined, which leads to an increased amount of common ground between minimalist biolinguistics and usage-based approaches.
Fusion with political leaders predicts willingness to persecute immigrants and political opponents
Authors: Kunst Jonas R.
Published: September 2019

From the 2016 US presidential election and into 2019, we demonstrate that a visceral feeling of oneness (that is, psychological fusion) with a political leader can fuel partisans’ willingness to actively participate in political violence. In studies 1 and 2, fusion with Donald Trump predicted Republicans’ willingness to violently persecute Muslims (over and above other established predictors). In study 3, relative deprivation increased fusion with Trump and, subsequently, willingness to violently challenge election results. In study 4, fusion with Trump increased after his election and predicted immigrant persecution over time. Further revealing its independent effects, this fusion with Trump predicted a willingness to persecute Iranians (independent of identification with him, study 5); a willingness to persecute immigrants (study 6); and a willingness to personally protect the US border from an immigrant caravan (study 7), even over and above fusion with the group of Trump’s followers. These findings echo past political movements and suggest critical future research.
Language as shaped by the environment: linguistic construal in a collaborative spatial task
Authors: Nölle Jonas , Fusaroli Riccardo , Mills Gregory , Tylén Kristian
Published: September 2019

What causes cultural groups to favour specific conventions over others? Recently, it has been suggested that cross-linguistic variation can be motivated by factors of the wider non-linguistic environment. Large-scale cross-sectional studies have found statistical differences among languages that pattern with environmental variables such as topography or population size. However, these studies are correlational in nature, revealing little about the possible mechanisms driving these cultural evolutionary processes. The present study sets out to experimentally investigate how environmental factors come to shape the emergence of linguistic conventions. To this end, we adapt the classical Maze Game task to test the hypothesis that participants routinize different linguistic strategies to communicate positions in the maze contingent on particular environmental affordances (i.e. structure of the mazes). Our results confirm that subtle environmental motivations drive the emergence of different communicative conventions in an otherwise identical task, suggesting that linguistic adaptations are highly sensitive to factors of the shared task environment. We speculate that these kinds of mechanisms found at a local interactional level, through processes of cultural evolution contribute to the systematic global variation observed among different languages.
Is There Socrates without Plato?
Authors: Abdullah Kalil G. , Kozin Elliott D.
Published: September 2019

Not applicable.
Glaucoma in Community: An Opportunistic Screening in Cataract Screening Programs
Authors: Rajbanshi Lily
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy for which elevated intraocular pressure is considered as major risk factor. Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness after cataract. Since visual loss in glaucoma is irreversible, management strategies must be focused upon early detection and prevention of disease progression through strict control of intraocular pressure.

Objectives: To estimate the ocular morbidity of glaucoma in community screening camps and to estimate the types of glaucoma.

Methodology: It is a Community based opportunistic screening program. Study was carried out at community screening camps for cataract from August 2009 to August 2010. Five hundred five patients equal and above 50 years were examined in five screening camps conducted in Kathmandu valley. Glaucoma suspects were identified on the basis of shallow anterior chamber, intraocular pressure > 20 mm of Hg, abnormal frequency doubling perimetry (FDP), cup to disc ratio (CDR) >0.7:1, asymmetric CDR > 0.2:1, unhealthy NRR and the other disc findings suggestive of glaucoma. Glaucoma suspects were re-examined in tertiary eye hospital (TIO) in order to make a final diagnosis and provide treatment.

Result: Out of 505, 67 glaucoma suspects were re-examined in Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology. Number of patient diagnosed glaucoma was 17 (3.37%). Of them 9 patients (1.78%) had POAG, 4 (0.79 %) had secondary glaucoma, 3 (0.59%) had normal tension glaucoma and 1 (0.20 %) had ocular hypertension.

Conclusion: Morbidity of glaucoma is very high in community and more screenings in larger scales are needed in order to decrease the burden of blindness due to glaucoma.
Pattern of Occurrence of Ocular Injuries and their Forensic Aspects
Authors: Timsinha Sidarth , Kar Suvarna Manjari , Ranjeetkar Malshree
Published: September 2019

Introduction: All penetrating or non-penetrating intentional ocular trauma causing loss of an organ or part of an organ and which have as a consequence the facial disfigurement or post trauma sequelae formation have forensic implications.

Objectives: To study the pattern of ocular injuries its forensic implications and meticulous documentation in ocular medicolegal cases.

Methodology: This hospital based cross sectional study was carried out by Forensic medicine personnel in Department of Ophthalmology and Emergency Department of Manipal Teaching Hospital Pokhara, Nepal. A total of 251 cases of ocular injury constituted the sample size. Cases were analyzed according to age, sex, type of trauma, causative agent, and manner of injury and ocular injuries having any medicolegal value. All data was evaluated and relevant information were extracted and entered into a database.

Results: Male subjects 174 (69.32%) were more susceptible to ocular injuries and age group 21-30 years 66 (26.3%) were more predisposed to ocular injuries. The commonest cause of ocular trauma was due to fall on blunt objects 42(16.73%). The most common site of injury was cornea 120(47.81%) and corneal abrasion 65(54.16) was the most common ocular finding. Accidental manner of injury was observed in majority of the cases 230 (91.60%). Ocular injuries sustained were all simple in nature 251(100%) as a result no fatality was observed following ocular injury.

Conclusion: Proper history taking and methodical documentation of injuries not only assist in diagnosis and management of the patient but also holds an evidentiary value in medico legal cases.
Prediction of Stature Based on Foot Length In Medical Students of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal
Authors: Mehta Umesh Kumar , Dhakal Arun , Parajuli Surya B. , Shah Sanjib Kumar
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Stature is one of the most important anatomical parameters for personal identification. Estimation of stature by measuring different parts of the body is valuable in medico legal investigations as well as in anthropology.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to find correlation between stature and foot length and developing a regression equation for stature estimation from foot length among medical students of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal.

Methodology: This is cross sectional study conducted at Department of Anatomy of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal from 15 March 2019 to 15 June 2019. Two hundred (100 male and 100 female) medical students were enrolled in the study. Stature and foot length were measured using standard instruments. The collected data was entered into Microsoft excel and analyzed by using SPSS.

Results: The mean stature in male was 165.4 cm with SD of 8.46 cm, in female the mean stature was 156.5 cm and with SD 6.56 cm. The mean foot length in male was 25.84 cm with SD of 1.73 cm, in female mean foot length was 23.35 cm with SD 1.30 cm. This gender wise difference in mean stature and foot length between males and females was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was significant positive correlation between stature and foot length (r = 0.534, P < 0.001) for male and (r=0.675, P < 0.001) for female. Regression equations were derived for estimation of stature from measurement of foot length in both sexes.

Conclusion: This research found significant positive correlation between stature and foot length in both sexes. Regression equation was also derived which help to predict the stature by knowing the foot length in medico legal cases.
A Comparative Study of Oral Dexmedetomidine versus Oral Midazolam As preanesthesia Medication in Pediatric Patients to Reduce anxiety
Authors: Gauchan Sabin , Thapa Chitra , Prasai Abha
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Preoperative period is a stressful period. In children the preoperative anxiety is expressed as difficult separation from parents and difficult mask induction. The level of preoperative anxiety also affects postoperative outcomes. To overcome anxiety premedication is often used by pediatric anesthesiologist.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of oral midazolam 0.5mg/kg and oral dexmedetomidine 4μg/kg on parental separation, mask induction and postoperative emergence agitation in children undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.

Methodology: 120 children aged 2-8years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were divided into two groups: Group M and Group D. Patients in group M received oral midazolam 0.5mg/kg and patients in group D received oral dexmedetomidine 4μg/kg. After 45min of premedication sedation score was assessed in both the groups. Ease of parental separation and mask acceptance was compared in both the groups. In the postoperative period occurrence of emergence agitation was compared in both the groups.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative sedation score in both the groups. Parent separation anxiety score and mask acceptance score were statistically similar in both the groups. But emergence agitation was significantly lesser in patients who received dexmedetomidine premedication.

Conclusions: Premedication with oral midazolam as well as oral dexmedetomidine effectively reduces parental separation anxiety and produces satisfactory mask induction in pediatric age group. However, dexmedetomidine is more effective in reducing emergence delirium in comparison to midazolam.
Head Injury in Nepal: An Institutional Based Prospective Study on Clinical Profile, Management and Early Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury in Eastern Part of Nepal
Authors: Kafle Prakash , Khanal Babita , Yadav Dipak Kumar , Poudel Deepak , Karki Tejendra , Cherian Iype
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are among the worst consequences and are the major causes of death and disability worldwide. It is considered as silent epidemics affecting individuals of all the ages and one of the major burden of neorological disease. Hence, TBIs are often overlooked and are sometimes called “the neglected disease of modern society”. Presenting GCS is the best predictor of outcome.

Objective: The present study aims to portray the epidemiology, clinical profile, its management, early outcome and to evaluate the outcome predictors in a tertiary care center in eastern part of Nepal.

Methodology: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal over the period of 1 year (October, 2016 - December 2017). The primary objective of this study was to review the etiology, clinical profile and early outcome of patients with TBI.

Results: During the study period, 1056 patients with head injuries were studied. Of these 202 cases required surgical intervention and 32 were excluded. Mean age of the study population was 38.7 years with the male to female ratio of 3.49:1. Road traffic accident was the most common cause of TBI (76%). Overall mortality rate was 11.17%. Unfavorable GOS at discharge was 43.5% and 26.1% at three months follow-up.

Conclusion: TBI continues to be a significant burden of neurosurgical care in major neurosurgical centers in Nepal. This study contributes data on the etiology and clinical profile of patients with TBI from tertiary care center of Nepal.
Effectiveness of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Obstetric Cases Undergoing Caesarean Section
Authors: Pradhan Roshan , Mishra Seema Kumari , Rajbanshi Lalit Kumar , Khanal Kanak , Arjyal Batsalya , Pokharel Hanoon P
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a regional anesthesia that involves the infiltration of local anesthetic in between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle plane. This block provides post-operative analgesia and reduces the requirement of opioids consumption.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of TAP block in providing postoperative analgesia in women undergoing caesarean section.
Methodology: This was a hospital based prospective, comparative, cross sectional study conducted in 70 patients from 17th September 2018 to 17th February 2019 undergoing caesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A patients received TAP block with 0.5% Ropivacaine versus Group B patients received injection paracetamol 1gm intravenous every 8 hourly as a standard and routine analgesic. At the end of the surgery, TAP block was performed by anesthesiologist and assessment of postoperative pain using a visual analogue pain score at every 1 hour, 3 hour, 6 hour, 12 hour and 24 hour by trained staffs at postoperative ward. Then, depending upon the severity of the pain injection fentanyl 1mcg/kg intravenous was given as rescue analgesia. Short assessment of patient satisfaction (SAPS) score was also assessed 24 hours postoperatively.
Results: Compared to control group, in women who received TAP block, there was statistically significant reduction in pain at 3 hr, 6 hr, 24 hrs. However at 12 hrs there was no significant difference in the pain score. The cumulative fentanyl requirement was also significantly less in the TAP block group at all the time points.
 Conclusion: The TAP block provided highly effective postoperative analgesia following caesarean section and reduces the fentanyl requirement in the first 24 hour.
Be-Fast Faster and Fastest
Authors: Tamrakar Karuna
Published: September 2019

Annual incidence of stroke is 2.5%/1000 people or 200000 stroke /year. Every 5 seconds undergo stroke all over the world. 15-20 % die in first month of brain attack and 75% lives with focal neurological deficit. Ischemic stroke is the most common (85%) after hemorrhagic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage (15%). Among all 5 subtypes, large artery atherosclerosis, cardio embolism, small vessel occlusion, stroke of other determined etiology, undetermined etiology, ischemic stroke carries poor prognosis of increasing morbidity and mortality. Window of opportunity is a critical time that need to be addressed to reverse neurological stroke symptoms either partially or completely through active interventional approaches either noninvasive or invasive methods. Thrombolysis has radically changed the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is effective in reducing the neurological deficit. Time is brain, either you be fast or faster and fastest, early or timely reperfusion therapy within a time frame of 4.5 hours helps to restore normal neurological function.
THE ESTIMATION OF SORGHUM GRAIN AND BIOMASS QUALITY TO USE IT IN FEED PRODUCTION
Authors: Kibalnik O. P. , Efremova I. G. , Semin D. S. , Gorbunov V. S. , Kameneva O. B. , Starchak V. I. , Kukoleva S. S.
Published: September 2019

Sorghum is an important feed, grain forage and food crop for micro zones of Russia with insufficient moisture. Currently, there is an increasing demand for sorghum grains and green mass, which, due to their high yields and unique drought tolerance, contribute to the active development of the livestock industry in these regions. In the FSBSI RosRISC “Rossorgo” 53 varieties and hybrids of sorghum crops of various use with high productivity and quality of grain, biomass, adapted to the arid regions of the Russian Federation, were developed and included in the State List of Breeding Achievements. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the productivity, fodder, energy value of grain and biomass of 21 grain sorghum varieties, 8 Sudan grass varieties grown on the experimental field of the Institute in 2014–2016. There were identified grain sorghum varieties ‘Volzhskoye 4ʼ, ‘Volzhskoye 44’, ‘Pishchevoye 35ʼ, ‘Topaz’, ‘Sarmat’, ‘Fakel’, ‘Geleoforʼ, ‘Granatʼ, characterized by the highest accumulation of gross energy (150.58–196.63 GJ/ha) of the biomass crop to produce mono feed and grain silage. The varieties ‘Fakelʼ, ‘Granatʼ, ‘Volzhskoe 44’ and ‘Avansʼ are intended for use as grain fodder with 5.27–5.84 t/ha grain productivity, 12.10–12.56% of protein, 3.72–4, 89% of oil and 90.26–99.48 GJ/ha of output of gross energy. The largest yields of green and dry biomass have been produced by the Sudan grass varieties “Allegoriya” (29.33 and 8.21 t/ha) and ‘Ambitsiyaʼ (35.33 and 6.26 t/ha), as well as the energy content of the yield (150.49 and 148, 83 GJ/ha respectively). The productivity and biochemical composition of grain, biomass of sorghum and Sudan grass indicate the high bioenergetic value of the products to use them in feed production.
THE NEW SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETY ‘ANFEYA’
Authors: Aseeva T. A. , Zenkina K. V. , Lomakina I. V. , Ruban Z. S.
Published: September 2019

The improvement of high-quality grain production remains the most important task for the entire agricultural sector of Russia, including the Far Eastern region. Productivity and grain quality improvement can be achieved by various technical and organizational methods and the correct selection of varieties that are most adapted to environmental conditions. The purpose of the study is to develop a new spring soft wheat variety with high indicators of productivity and grain quality, resistant to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors and adapted to the conditions of the Far Eastern region. The paper gives the information on the methods of development, the initial parental components, the traits and properties of the new spring wheat variety ‘Anfeya’, submitted to the State Variety Testing and intended for cultivation in the Far Eastern region. This is a variety of a new generation which successfully combines such traits as high productivity, grain quality, coarse grain, immunity to the main common diseases in this ecological zone and resistance to abiotic environmental stressors. The average productivity of the variety ‘Anfeya’ was 3.9 t/ha over the years of competitive testing (2016–2018) with its maximum 5.5 t/ha. The increase to the standard variety ‘Khabarovchanka’ was 1.0 and 2.1 t/ha, respectively. High productivity of the new variety has been provided by an increased grain size. The genetic potential of the promising spring soft wheat variety contributes to the formation of a large protein percentage. According to nutritional value, rheological properties of the dough, technological and baking indicators of grain quality, the new variety ‘Anfeya’ belongs to strong wheats.
THE EFFECT OF CHELATED MICRONUTRIENTS ON THE ELEMENTS OF PEAS YIELD STRUCTURE
Authors: Zhogaleva O. S. , Streltsova L. G.
Published: September 2019

The paper has presented the study results of the effect of chelated micronutrients on the yield structure of pea varieties. Field experiments was laid in 2015–2017 in the scientific crop rotation of the Agrotechnological Center of the Azov-Blacksea Engineering Institute of FSBEI HE “Donskoy SAU” in Zernograd. There were performed seed treatment with recommended 2 liters of ORMISS Cu/B per ton and peas sprouts were treated with 2 liters of ORMISS Cu/Mo per hectare. There has been found that some variants of seed treatment resulted in an increase in number of productive nodes to 3.4, number of beans to 5.8, kernels per a bean to 5.9, 1000-kernels weight to 237.1 g, kernels weight per plant to 5.8 g.
ESTIMATION OF THE COLLECTION RICE ACCORDING TO RESISTANCE TO CEREAL APHID
Authors: Kostylev P. I. , Krasnova E. V. , Radchenko E. E. , Kuznetsova T. L. , Chumakov M. A.
Published: September 2019

Ordinary cereal aphid causes great damage to rice plants in the Rostov region and the Krasnodar Territory. Its harmful effects can be limited with the help of plant genetic resistance. The study of resistance of collection rice material to aphids has only recently begun. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the hereditary polymorphism of rice samples according to resistance to ordinary cereal aphid. 494 collection samples of the laboratory for rice breeding and seed production at the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” were the material for the research. In laboratory VIR conditions, young rice plants were infected by the Krasnodar ordinary aphid, after which there was performed a phenotypic damage assessment using a scale from 0 (no damage) to 10 (plant death). Due to the study it was found that most of the samples were unstable or weakly stable. There were identified 15.1% of relatively stable forms, their damage was 1–4 points. Most samples showed a wide range of variation in plant damage from 1 to 10 points. Only 41 samples out of the 494 studied ones were homogeneous, all plants of which received the same point (1, 2, 3, 4, 8, or 10); the rest samples were heterogeneous. 167 samples received two variants of points, 226 samples received three, 60 samples received four. The rice samples ‘Kandidat’, ‘Komandor’, ‘PF-4186’, ‘Norin 31’, ‘Priozerny 61’, ‘Don 7243’, ‘Don 4237’ can be recommended as sources of resistance to ordinary cereal aphid to develop new rice varieties.
Inuit Co-Management Strategies in the Arctic
Authors: Villanueva Emily
Published: September 2019

Inuit co-management of northern resources and environments is critical to the survival of these rapidly changing ecosystems. This paper explores co-management initiatives currently present in the Arctic, as well as the creation and implementation of these strategies.  The relationship between Indigenous traditional knowledge and the success of co-management strategies is analyzed, noting that dismissive beliefs held by Eurocentric power figures affect the existence and enforcement of these strategies. The effects of climate change and faunal conservation are two of the pillars upon which co-management techniques are founded in Arctic communities, making them key players in the pursuit of a sustainable future.
A Stakeholder’s Perspective on the Implications of IFRS and Fair Value Accounting on Valuation of Securities
Authors: Perez Glynis Milne and Dr. Eloisa
Published: September 2019

Due to the complexity of modern financial instruments, accurate valuation can prove difficult even in optimal market conditions. Traditionally International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have allowed securities to be valued based on their historical cost, which results in financial instruments being held on the books at the initial cost paid, until the point at which they are sold. However, this practice may be viewed as problematic when the market value of the financial instrument has not appreciated. Furthermore, market valuation becomes even more difficult to substantiate in illiquid markets, as it may oftentimes be difficult to secure a buyer at any price. Opponents of the historical cost methodology argue that in these circumstances it is unreasonable to allow firms to continue to hold their financial instruments at historical cost, and advocate for a valuation framework that requires the holders of securities to mark their book value to the best estimate of fair market value available. This viewpoint is countered by those who believe that in illiquid markets or markets in crisis, marking to market value is unfair as no functional market exists. In light of the subprime mortgage crisis the new iteration of IFRS requires the use of fair value accounting and marking to market for investment products of all types, with the exception of those held to maturity (bonds). Through a review of current literature, we sought to determine the optimal method for valuation of investment products. Our goal was to determine a reliable and representationally faithful method of valuation that will balance the needs and requirements of all stakeholders and provide transparency in accounting.
Deans' Message
Authors: Henry Elsie Elford and Mike
Published: September 2019

This past June, it was our honour to host the 1st PRME Canada Regional Meeting at MacEwan University’s City Centre Campus. At this meeting—e3=earth education economics—students, academics and business people from across Canada met as the nation-wide discussion regarding sustainability in management education began.
Climate Change Strategies 101
Authors: MacDonald Donald Evan
Published: September 2019

The development of climate change action plans and strategies is usually done via the policy cycle during the first half of a government’s term.  This short-term political process is at odds with the longer-term climate change issue that requires a consistent and sustained effort.  Consequently, this often leads to conflicting and ever changing climate plans and strategies that often do not fully move to implementation. Several key strategic questions need to be considered at the policy agenda setting stage. Examples of these questions include: the real impetus for developing the plan, political will to take on policy development at a particular time, the degree of intention to actually implement it, and depth of target vs. costs to the economy.  The developmental stage of climate plans in Canada has historically involved five key components (with many variations): 1) background policy and scientific work; 2) consultation process; 3) economic/policy analysis and target setting; 4) building political support for a greenhouse gas target and policy package to meet the target; and 5) refinement and final political approval. Businesses are also responding by developing climate change strategies to either hedge their risk of being regulated, hedge their risk related to severe weather events, and/or to take advantage of climate business opportunities.
Hoarding plastic waste: Buried alive
Authors: Foss A. Rachelle
Published: September 2019

Plastic is a ubiquitous part of our everyday lives. Popular for its versatility, it can be attributed to the creation of the numerous conveniences we enjoy in contemporary society. However, traditional plastic does not break down and thus has also become ubiquitous within the environment, and the mounting consequences to its extensive use is being seen. Recycling provides a degree of relief in our efforts to address this problem and can be a boost to the economy but there are barriers that reduce the effectiveness of this solution. In addition to the complex and arduous process of separating and preparing different plastics for recycling, many plastics never reach recycling facilities. But even more common is the inability of many facilities to handle most types of plastics. Biodegradable plastics have been introduced to address this issue. However, bio-plastics also have proven failings, one of which is the damage they cause within the traditional recycling stream and concerns over increased littering. With the ever- accumulating material now reaching almost every part of the earth, governments must consider changing the laws to regulate the plastics we allow in our country before the earth is buried under the remnants our conveniences.
Preface
Authors: Perez Eloisa
Published: September 2019

Dr. J. W. Grant MacEwan, educator, environmentalist, politician and MacEwan University’s namesake once said… …about the planet “Thou shalt love and cherish the Great World of Nature, God’s House on loan to us for a season. Conscientious tenants should aspire to nothing less the lofty, practical and moral roles of caretakership. Good citizens should be grateful for the privilege and honor of answering to the challenge of those roles commonly known as conservation and environmental protection.” …about the people “Thou shalt despise the sins of extravagance and waste in the lives of both individuals and nations. In a world with limited resources and soaring populations, both breed hunger and misery.” …and, about profits… “Consider well thy regard for money. In the lives of young people, exercises in making and saving money may be good but when wealth becomes a object of worship for wealth’s sake or is accumulated in greedy and dishonest ways, there is not much to be said for it and there are many better shapes for a lifetime purpose. ” Although these assertions were made more than 40 years ago, they could not be more contemporary.
Edmonton Hiphop Kulture: Techniques of self and cultural sustainability
Authors: Pearson Diana Heather Patricia , Yazdanmehr Roya
Published: September 2019

The word culture is rich with complex meanings and despite its use in common speech little is known about it and even less about the practices that contribute to ‘its’ continued existence, what might be called cultural sustainability. Edmonton Hiphop Kulture:Techniques of Self and Cultural Sustainability documents the role of techniques of self, defined as the daily practices an individual uses to transform his or her body, soul, thought and conduct of being (Foucault, 1988, p. 18), in the development and maintenance of Hiphop Kulture in Edmonton, Alberta. Using a Critical Constructivist methodology, the researchers document the weekly creation of Hiphop Kulture knowledge at Cipher5, a knowledge circle organized by Hip Hop specialists Andre Hamilton, Don Welsh, and MacEwan University professor Dr. Michael B. MacDonald.  With Michel Foucault’s (1988) theory in mind that culture is a form of administration built by techniques of production, signification, domination and self (Kendall & Wickham, 1999, pp. 3-54), this paper documents the researchers’ exploration of techniques of self in Hiphop Kulture. The researchers theorize that these techniques, or cultural practices, include self-expression, belonging, and identity development and that these three techniques encourage the sustainability of Edmonton Hiphop Kulture. Research methods include participant observation at weekly Cipher5 meetings, autoethnography, interviews with Cipher5 members, and a literature review including a critical hermeneutic analysis of Hiphop literature.
The London Wetland Centre: An urban conservation project that is making a splash
Authors: Harden James
Published: September 2019

In the eleven years since it opened in 2000, the London Wetland Centre has become an exemplar of an urban conservation project that has turned heads throughout the world. As we shall explore, a site has been created that now has international recognition for its scientific interest, and which provides an ideal case study for how biodiversity and sustainability can be achieved, even in the challenging economic landscapes that are associated with the twenty-first century.
Efficacy of Green Roof Technology in Colder Climates
Authors: Corden Yancey
Published: September 2019

Green roof technology has been used within Canada as early as the first French settlers (1600) in the provinces of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland for necessity and survival in the Canadian wilderness. As home construction became more modernized, green roof technology was replaced by conventional roofing on houses and businesses. However, with the increased awareness of sustainable practices and environmental conservation, several European companies introduced new green roof technologies in the 1980s that began the movement of using this technology. While this technology has primarily been used in mild climates throughout Canada (Vancouver, British Columbia), little has been examined and researched regarding the use of green roof technology in colder and more severe climates within Canada. In his final year to complete his Bachelor Degree in Technology at the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Yancey Corden conducted research on the efficacy of green roof technology in Edmonton, Alberta capital region’s cold and severe climatic conditions. The results suggested that native plants to the region are most successful when used in green roof technology.
The Sixth Species Extinction Event by Humans
Authors: Nazarevich Victor John
Published: September 2019

The number of species becoming extinct has drawn a significant deal of attention from scientists and non-scientists alike. This research reviews recent literature citing evidence for the impact humans have had on our planet and how our biological systems are affected in both known species of flora and fauna as well as unknown species of flora and fauna, the latter lacking documentation as well as sightings by humans. Theoretical research is derived from previous research investigating the impacts of humankind’s use of the land as well as population increases. Though there are many different definitions of what a mass extinction is and gradations of extinction intensity, a conservative approach is used to assess the seriousness of the current ongoing extinction crisis, setting the highest level of recognition for mass extinction, in extreme diversity loss associated with the Big Five extinction events (Barnosky, 2011). Understanding the relationship between extinction and functional diversity over time will be critical for making conservation work (Boyer & Jetz, 2014). If another mass extinction is allowed to progress, it would mean the end of biodiversity as we know it and would also mean that greater pressure would be placed on both humans and flora and fauna to survive in a world completely changed by the Anthropocene. Over the course of 8,000-10,000 years, humans grew in population and changed the landscape of the Earth (Foley, 2013). The research concludes that focus should be on preserving the environment and future research should be performed on the study of unknown species.
Fire for Well-Being: Use of Prescribed Burning in the Northern Alberta Boreal Forest
Authors: Roy-Denis Chantal
Published: September 2019

Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Alberta Boreal Forest have used fire knowledge and burning practices to maintain their environment for generations. Prescribed burning is vital to Aboriginal peoples’ relationships with the environment, and was essential to their hunting and gathering subsistence. Research has been limited on Aboriginal peoples' use of fire not only to manage resources but to maintain their health and well-being. The research paper suggests that burning also allowed management of these medicinal plants. Such plants growing in open clearings or near water such as streams, rivers, or lakes were fired in order to maintain and manage Aboriginal peoples’ health and well-being in the boreal forest.
Ecuador: Communicating to Bridge the Education Gap in Nutrition
Authors: Pitruniak Brittany , Adachi Kathryn , Messelink Morgan
Published: September 2019

After conducting a study in May of 2014 on nutrition communication in Ecuador and how it affects consumer behaviour, researchers identified a gap between the level of education obtained by students and the knowledge of nutrition provided to them. This article uses that study to assess whether or not the communication of nutrition information can be understood with the level of nutrition education available through cultural and educational means. Researchers first gathered data using quantitative methods in a survey administered to students at the Universidad San Francisco de Quito. The data was supplemented through qualitative research in a questionnaire administered in a one-on-one interview format, followed by content analysis of food labels found in Ecuadorian grocery stores. Review of all of the data showed a number of problems with the level of education provided to students on the topic of nutrition and the communication of the information available to them. The inconsistency of food labeling in Ecuador also presented an issue. Researchers’ recommendations for the sustainability of healthy living include a standardized curriculum regarding nutrition starting in primary school in order to influence a sustainable level of nutrition education, as well as a standardized and mandatory format for food labelling.
Water Use and Abuse in the United States: Behavioural Patterns Behind Excess Water Consumption and an Argument for an Efficient Demand Side Remedy
Authors: Dela Cruz Maria Teresa , Gray J. Michael E.
Published: September 2019

The last decade saw severe drought in the southeastern United States, which presented questions about the ways in which Americans use water and the best ways for government entities to handle future drought. During and after the droughts, researchers examined existing literature on water overconsumption and conducted new studies to explore water use and related behavior. We review the predominant work on the factors that influence household water consumption, the different methods by which government agencies can combat overconsumption, and argue for the demand-side approach of structured rate increases to limit superfluous use of water.
David Suzuki - A Man of Conservation
Authors: Sperber Samantha
Published: September 2019

An environmentalist, a geneticist, a broadcaster and an all around conservationist, Dr. David Suzuki is a Canadian born “lover of the land”, directing the world’s attention to the environment and the damage that human life has bestowed on it.  In his youth, Suzuki faced much racial discrimination as a Japanese Canadian born during the Second World War.  He quickly grew fondness of nature and biology, spending most of his early life outdoors learning from nature.  His professional career began as an Assistant Professor in Genetics at the University of Alberta, where it was quickly evident that he was an outstanding speaker.  His speaking ability, combined with his love of nature, landed him many broadcasting positions; his most notable being his time spent hosting “The Nature of Things”. Aside from his many awards, one of Suzuki’s greatest achievements was his creation of the David Suzuki Foundation, a tool through which people could learn about and address environmental issues, a combined idea of Suzuki and his wife Tera Cullis.  The foundation has not only provided challenges for individuals to make a difference, but has also government and industry leaders, inspiring people everywhere. “I have no Illusions that I am so important that I can turn everything around, I have no illusions that my foundation is going to make a huge difference, but I believe if millions of people like me and thousands of organizations like mine are all doing their small part we can become an irresistible force” – David Suzuki.