bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Javanese Philosophy in Novel Jadilah Purnamaku Ning by Khilma Anis
Authors: Lita Aulia Norma , Widodo Sahid Teguh , Suyitno Suyitno
Published: August 2021

Javanese society has an interesting life philosophy, all their behaviours are regulated based on ideas and principles that are formed to achieve a harmonious life, both physically and mentally calm. Another interesting thing is when the Javanese philosophy is loaded through novels. This study aims to describe the form of culture in the form of ideas in the novel Be Purnamaku Ning by Khilma Anis. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, the data is in the form of Javanese cultural ideas. The data source is a document in the form of the novel “Jadilah Purnamaku Ning”. Data analysis techniques used in this study is content analysis. The data validity technique used in this study is theoretical triangulation. The data analysis technique used an interactive model. The results of the study found fourteen forms of culture in the form of ideas. It covers the principles of Javanese life, proverbs, Javanese proverbs, Javanese philosophy and rituals that are believed by Javanese people. The existence of ideas found in the “Jadilah Purnamaku Ning” novel can be used as a reference to increase knowledge and a reminder for Javanese people to maintain Javanese philosophy in their life.
The Critique of the Entry of "Naskh" written by John Burton from the Encyclopedia of Leiden
Authors: Mantashloo Zahra
Published: August 2021

The Qur'an is very important to Western Islamic scholars and the Qur'an researchers, so they have studied it and presented the results of their research to the world of science in the form of books and encyclopedias. Knowing these works and individuals is an undeniable necessity for Muslims, because behind some of them lies the goals of colonialism and evangelism. Among these works is the Encyclopedia of Islam "Leiden", in which the "Entry of Naskh" by John Burton is included. In this entry, the author, while misinterpreting the concept of Naskh, considers the grounds for the emergence of the Naskh idea among Muslims as a justification of the contradictions in the Qur'an, the difference between the Qur'an and the Sunnah, and the difference in the fatwas of the jurists, and raises all kinds of doubts without Critique, including the existence of contradictions in verses and hadiths and attributing forgetfulness to the Prophet with his misinterpretation of Qur'anic verses and hadiths, the claim of Naskh al-Tilāwa in the Qur'an by raising some issues such as removing verses from the Qur'an without critique and reviewing it, claiming the Naskh (i.e. abrogation) of verses from the Qur'an with the Qur'an and Sunnah, etc., only by focusing on Sunni study sources without researching and examining Shiite sources. In this article, we have reviewed the issues criticized by John Burton in the entry of abrogation, with the Qur'anic reasons and documents of rational narration, etc., and not just the claim without Critique.
Implementation of Micro Multiple Kredit Binding Without Collateral at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. Branch Padang
Authors: Tryani Anesha , Azheri Busyra , Delfiyanti Delfiyanti
Published: August 2021

Banks are business entities that collect funds from the public in the form of savings and distribute them to the public in order to improve the standard of living of the people at large. In terms of channeling funds, namely through credit to the community, in its development it has undergone changes where initially there were provisions regarding the availability of collateral for credit requested by debtors as regulated in Law Number 14 of 1967, but with the birth of Law Number 7 of 1992 concerning Banking, as amended by Law Number 10 of 1998, no longer explicitly states the obligation to provide collateral for the credit requested by the prospective debtor. Bank Mandiri, Padang Branch as one of the banks that issued a product called Micro Multipurpose Loans without collateral, but faced the risk of customers defaulting or being unable to fulfill their obligations with several problems. This is what will become a problem for the Bank in the absence of collateral that can be used as a guarantee for customer default. Therefore, it is necessary to trace and conduct research on the implementation of binding Micro Multipurpose Loans without collateral and settlement of their repayments in the case of defaulters at Bank Mandiri, Padang Branch. The research method used in this research is the empirical juridical research method, namely the legal research method regarding the enactment and implementation of normative legal provisions in action at any particular legal event that occurs in society. The results of the study conclude that the implementation of collateral-free Micro Multipurpose Loans at Bank Mandiri is carried out by steps of customer prospects, initial investigation and verification, analysis / scooring, credit approval, credit agreements, legal documents, disbursements, and settlement of repayments if the debtor defaults by means of collection persuasive, rescheduling / restructuring, and closing of bad insurance / layoffs and creditors can take credit settlement steps through a lawsuit to the District Court. This is because in general, banks have been given legal protection in accordance with the legal provisions stated in Article 1131 and Article 1132 of the Civil Code.
Cognitive Aspect of Studying the Business Tourism Terms
Authors: Kizi Gavharoy Isroiljon
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the issues of understanding the terms of business tourism in lexical cognition, the largest type of cognitive linguistics, and their cognitive analysis. The cognitive aspect of understanding the terms of business tourism and  complete exploration the field, the cognitive study of business tourism terms from the world experience is also an important step in the development of the industry and models of tourism language and language learning are presented. Understanding the term of business tourism, when knowledge is interpreted as a cultural phenomenon, refers to the extent which this form of knowledge conforms to the norms inherent in the culture of a particular social group. The author analyzes the theory of social comparative advantages in business tourism in England, the theories of outstanding western sociologists for the tourism analysis as social phenomenon. In this article the author analyzed the theory of social comparative advantages in business tourism in England, learning the theories of outstanding western sociologists for the tourism analysis as social phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of study about the strategic importance of business tourism in the Southern Region of Uzbekistan (territory encompassing the cities of Andizhan and Honobod), where the presence of a qualified and diverse tourism offer combined with the existence of varied venues and quality accommodation can contribute to provide a valued tourism experience associated with the meetings Industry. This study allows a reflection on the potential of business tourism in the territories where this sector is not always given due attention by local, regional and national tourism bodies. These smaller centers (compared with the main centers of Tashkent, Bukhara, Khiva and Samarqand), relatively close to each other, may find strategic advantages in joint action, considering that these three geographic areas complement each other in the integrated supply of tourism products, experiences, support services and facilities. Primary data was collected through a study with the aim of identifying regional tourism stakeholders' perceptions of the importance and potential of business tourism development and strategies that should be put in place to this end. The results show that stakeholders identify business tourism as a strategic product that should be developed, and indicate some development strategies to be considered in this territory.
A Case Study of Thinking out of the Box in Electrical Engineering
Authors: Aciu Lia Elena , Ogrutan Petre Lucian
Published: August 2021

The current context of rapid evolution of IT technologies and devices (Information Technology) imposes changes in engineering education. Education for the development of creativity becomes a requirement. This paper presents a new concept for the development of creativity by introducing an optional homework for Applied Electronics students, the final year of undergraduate studies. The homework requires electronic design of an application in the field of art of each student's diploma project. The paper presents the results of this initiative and the analysis of students' feedback. A statistical pilot study was organized that highlighted students' opinions about creativity as well as students' reasons for doing or not doing the optional homework.
The Diagnostic Importance of Recombinant Allergen IgE Testing in Patients with Hymenoptera Venom Allergy: Comparison of Two Methods
Authors: Jovanovic Dragana , Peric-Popadic Aleksandra , Andrejevic Sladjana , Stojanovic Maja , Bonaci-Nikolic Branka
Published: August 2021

Adults with systemic anaphylactic reactions (SAR) to insect sting show often multiple-positivity of serum-specific IgE (sIgE) to Hymenoptera venoms. Unnecessary long-lasting venom-specific immunotherapies (VIT) in false-positive patients increase the risk of recurrent SAR. This report aims to analyze the diagnostic importance of recombinant allergen IgE testing in patients with SAR to Hymenoptera sting.In 82 patients we measured sIgE to honeybee venom (HBV), wasp venom (WV) and hornet venom (HV) extracts, recombinant phospholipase A2 from HBV (sIgE-rApi m1), recombinant antigen 5 from WV (sIgE-rVes v5), and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants-CCD-bromelain by ImmunoCAP. We analyzed the correlation of ImmunoCAP and Immunoblot for HBV and WV extracts, rApi m1, and rVes v5 in 39/82 patients. According to the history of the culprit insect, we compared sensitivity and specificity between the two methods.The severity of the SAR does not depend on the sIgE level to venom extracts and recombinant allergens. Fifty-one percent of the patients had a multiple-positivity to HBV/WV or HBV/WV/HV extracts. Severe SAR and CCD-sIgE were more frequent in multiple-positive than single-positive patients. CCD-sIgE were more frequent in HBV allergic patients than WV and HV allergic patients. There was a significant correlation between levels of sIgE to venom extracts and recombinant allergens measured by ImmunoCAP and Immunoblot. ImmunoCAP has higher sensitivity and specificity than Immunoblot for diagnosis of SAR to Hymenoptera venoms.IgE testing to recombinant CCD-free allergens is necessary for the adequate selection of long-lasting VIT, especially in patients with multiple sensitivities to venom extracts.
Evaluation of the Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of Urticaria Control Test (UCT)
Authors: Khoshkhui Maryam , Weller Karsten , Fadaee Javad , Maurer Marcus , Jabbari Azad Farahzad , Emadzadeh Maryam
Published: August 2021

The urticaria control test (UCT) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for chronic urticaria (CU) patients. As a Persian version of the UCT was not available, the present research aimed to develop such a version, to test its reliability and validity as well as to evaluate urticaria control among Persian-speaking patients.
This research was conducted at the Urticaria Centre of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. In a first step, a linguistically validated Persian version of the UCT was developed through a structured forward and backward translation process and subsequent cognitive debriefing interviews. In a second step, the Persian version of the UCT was completed by 100 well-characterized CU patients together with two anchor instruments, the Chronic Urticaria Quality of life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL) and the urticaria activity score (UAS), to obtain information on its internal consistency reliability and convergent validity.
The Persian version of the UCT was found to have acceptable internal consistency reliability with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.68. In addition, the results obtained with the Persian UCT correlated with the CU-Q2oL total score (-0.48, p<0.001) and the UAS (-0.404, p˂0.001), suggesting convergent validity. Virtually all patients had poorly controlled CU (UCT<12).
A Persian version of the UCT is now available and may help to improve the assessment and monitoring of disease control in Persian-speaking CU patients and to optimize treatment decisions.
A Pilot Study on Controlling Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Inflammation Using Melatonin Supplement
Authors: Alizadeh Zahra , Keyhanian Nastaran , Ghaderkhani Sara , Dashti-Khavidaki Simin , Shokouhi Shoormasti Raheleh , Pourpak Zahra
Published: August 2021

No effective antiviral drugs and vaccines are available for the treatment of patients with severe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, available, safe, and inexpensive drugs and supplements such as melatonin are among the proposed options for controlling inflammation.
We did a randomized, single-blind study in Imam Khomeini Hospital between June 30, 2020, and August 5, 2020. Mild to moderate COVID-19 patients aged 25-65 years were eligible to enter the study based on chest CT scan, clinical symptoms, and physician diagnosis. The intervention group was prescribed 6 mg of oral melatonin for 2 weeks, which consumed half an hour before bedtime every night in low light conditions. Clinical symptoms and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before and after treatment in the melatonin received and control (regular medications) groups. Among screened patients with COVID-19, 14 patients were assigned to receive melatonin, and 17 patients were considered as controls.
A significant difference (p=0.005) between CRP 1 and CRP 2 levels (before and after using melatonin) was found in the melatonin group while this difference (p=0.069) was not significant in the control group. Also, the percentage of recovery (based on symptoms) in patients who took melatonin was higher than that of patients in the control group (85.7% VS 47.1%). 
The result of this study confirmed the effectiveness of melatonin in mild to moderate outpatients with COVID-19. More clinical trials on elderly, diabetic, obese patients and severe cases are suggested in future studies.
A Case of Shield Ulcer Due to Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Özkaya Dilek , Usta Gülşah , Karaca Umut
Published: August 2021

Corneal shield ulcer is an uncommon but serious complication of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) that can threaten visual acuity. We present a 12-year-old case with a corneal shield ulcer on the superior part of the cornea in the right eye. We learned from his history that he was treated with topical cyclosporine A (CsA) and corneal debridement was performed for the same complaints six months ago. His complaints recurred six months after ceasing topical CsA voluntarily. Topical anti-allergic and CsA treatments were commenced, we also performed corneal debridement. During his follow-ups, the corneal ulcer healed leaving a scar as opacity and neovascularization. This case highlights the role of the anti-inflammatory effect of CsA in preventing the recurrence of shield ulcers.
Muhalif Mizah Gazetesi Markopaşa’da İmtiyaz Sahipliği Mücadelesi (1947-1948)
Authors: DURU Muhammet Erdem
Published: August 2021

Haftalık siyasi mizah gazetesi Markopaşa’nın ilk sayısı 25 Kasım 1946 tarihinde yayımlanmıştır. Sabahattin Ali ve Aziz Nesin’in kurucu ortağı olduğu gazetenin karikatürlerini Mustafa Uykusuz çizerken, mâlî işlerini Haluk Yetiş yürütmüştür. Dokuzuncu sayıdan itibaren Rıfat Ilgaz da kadroya dâhil olmuştur. Çok partili yaşama geçilen, siyasî iktidarın muhalefet kavramını henüz içselleştiremediği bir dönemde yayın hayatına başlayan Markopaşa birçok baskıyla karşılaşmıştır. Gazetenin ilk sayısı bayiler tarafından dağıtılmamış, sonrasında matbaalara gazeteyi basmamaları için baskı yapılmıştır. Yabancı ülkelerin yararına çalışmakla itham edilen Markopaşa hakkında davalar açılmış, gazete sayısız kez toplatılmış, kapatılmıştır. Yazar ve çizerlerinin tutuklandığı, sürgüne gönderildiği gazete hem bu şartlar altında yayın hayatına devam edebilmek hem de Matbuat Kanunu’nun sınırlılıklarından kurtulabilmek için birçok kez imtiyaz değiştirmiştir. Bu değişiklikler esnasında yaşanan bir olay ise basın tarihinde eşine ender rastlanan türdendir: Gazetede geceleri çalışan ve ekibe yardımcı olan Orhan Erkip, Markopaşa’nın imtiyazını aldıktan sonra gazeteyi Markopaşa ekibine karşıt bir yayın organına dönüştürmüştür. Bu durum mülkiyet mücadelesini başlatmıştır.
Bu çalışma, Markopaşa’nın hakkında çok az şey bilinen mülkiyet mücadelesini araştırmış ve şu iki soruya yanıt aramıştır: Markopaşa’da mülkiyet mücadelesi sırasında Erkip kimlerden yardım almıştır? Siyasal iktidar bu mücadelede nasıl bir strateji izlemiştir? Çalışmada Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri’nde bulunan ve daha önce herhangi bir çalışmada yayımlamamış belgeler incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda, Erkip’in Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nden (CHP) maddî yardım gördüğü, CHP’nin ise bu yardımla gazete içi karışıklığa destek vererek Markopaşa geleneğinin etki alanını azaltma stratejisi güttüğü görülmüştür.
FORTALEZAS E MISSÕES: os capuchos da Piedade em espaços de fronteira na Amazônia colonial (primeira metade do século XVIII)
Authors: DE MATOS FREDERIK LUIZI ANDRADE
Published: August 2021

Os capuchos da Piedade atuaram no trabalho missionário no Estado do Maranhão e Grão-Pará, durante o fim do século XVII e a primeira metade do XVIII. Tais religiosos, assim como as demais ordens que estiveram na região durante esse período, concentraram seus esforços catequéticos na formação de aldeamentos que abrigassem as populações indígenas. No caso dos capuchos da Piedade, eles tiveram uma particularidade: aldeamentos localizados próximos ou ao lado de fortalezas ao longo do estuário do rio Amazonas. Justamente por essa convivência com agentes civis e militares, as relações nem sempre foram amistosas no cotidiano desses espaços. Nesse sentido, utilizando de documentação oficial, correspondências trocadas entre as autoridades metropolitanas e os agentes coloniais, buscaremos apontar os meandros dessas relações estabelecidas entre os missionários da Piedade e os representantes militares dos fortes, desde proteção e cordialidade, passando por animosidades e conflitos. Nesse sentido, temos por objetivo apresentar que os capuchos da Piedade não foram agentes passivos no interior do Vale Amazônico, interagindo, formando alianças e integrando-se às redes de poder locais, ou se contrapondo a elas. Desobedecendo, dessa forma, a alguns ditames da metrópole, suscitaram diversas polêmicas decorrentes de suas posturas.
CONCESSÕES DE GOVERNISTAS E PARTIDOS DE OPOSIÇÃO NO PARANÁ DA PRIMEIRA REPÚBLICA: o caso das eleições para deputado federal (1906-1909)
Authors: GOMES SANDRO ARAMIS RICHTER
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo é realizada uma investigação sobre a natureza e os efeitos das estratégias eleitorais empregadas por antagonistas do partido governista do Paraná em pleitos para o cargo de deputado federal, nos anos de 1906 e 1909. Um argumento central desta análise afirma que, nessa época, o êxito eleitoral da oposição paranaense dependia do não preenchimento de uma chapa completa de candidatos pelos governistas. Em tal contexto, em distintos estados do Brasil, a conquista de um pequeno espaço na Câmara dos Deputados pelas oposições derivava do modo de construção de chapas de candidatos situacionistas. Outro argumento fundamental deste artigo afirma que eram instáveis as alianças entre os oposicionistas paranaenses.
“PROPAGANDAS ADVERSAS”: a DOPS/MA e a imprensa alternativa no Maranhão em meio à aprovação da Lei de Anistia (1979)
Authors: CHAVES LEONARDO LEAL
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo analisa a documentação produzida pela Delegacia de Ordem Política e Social – Maranhão (DOPS-MA) sobre as atividades da imprensa alternativa maranhense em meio aos debates pela aprovação da Lei de Anistia brasileira em 1979. A escolha desse ano como recorte temporal se justifica por nossa proposta de problematizá-lo como um evento-chave, entendido como inaugurador da construção de uma temporalidade e significação social, em referência ao período de abertura política brasileira rumo à redemocratização. Nesse sentido, as possibilidades de pesquisa nos fundos documentais, outrora secretos, sobre a vigilância e controle da imprensa alternativa no Maranhão, especialmente os dossiês produzidos e preservados pelo DOPS/MA e hoje custodiados pelo Arquivo Público do Estado do Maranhão, nos permitem um novo olhar sobre a atuação das engrenagens repressivas da Ditadura Civil-Militar no período, podendo sinalizar atos ilícitos de agentes públicos, imprescindíveis para a fundamentação dos procedimentos reparatórios da chamada Justiça de Transição.
Determination of the Opinions of Prospective Science Teachers About Biology Lessons Taught Through Distance Education
Authors: Özbuğutu Emrah
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to determine the opinions of prospective teachers about biology lessons conducted through distance education during the pandemic. In the study, the focus group study technique was applied as one of the qualitative research methods. 15 prospective teachers from the Department of Science Education, studying in the 2nd, 3 rd, and 4th -grades in Siirt University, participated in this study. Questions were presented to the prospective teachers in the form of a semi-structured form and interviews were conducted separately for each grade and recorded. The data collected were analyzed via content analysis. Based on the findings of the study, the prospective teachers stated that they had internet-related and technical problems and they also failed to follow biology lessons due to their unsuitable home environment and ineffective communication processes. It was understood that the vast majority of prospective teachers preferred face-to-face evaluation rather than e-evaluation. To make biology lessons more efficient, it was recommended that prospective teachers should be obliged to attend classes, YouTube videos and animations should be added, classroom or laboratory lessons should be organized, WhatsApp groups should be created and question section should be added through these groups, and lessons should be synchronous rather than asynchronous.
Saúde do Homem: Testosterona e Masculinidades
Authors: Sampaio Juliana Vieira , Medrado Benedito , Lyra Jorge
Published: August 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as controvérsias envolvidas na relação entre os efeitos da publicidade comercial sobre testosterona e a produção discursiva de masculinidades. Para realizar esta pesquisa, analisamos 34 vídeos publicados pela indústria farmacêutica Bayer, disponíveis na plataforma YouTube. Tal análise foi inspirada nos estudos de Michel Foucault e orientada pelo questionamento sobre os modos como os usos da testosterona têm se articulado com o modelo hegemônico de masculinidade. Os hormônios estão envolvidos em uma série de controvérsias. Tais substâncias escapam da função para qual supostamente foram inicialmente destinadas, provocando uma série de subversões e se entrelaçando com diferentes modos de subjetivação. Concluímos que o saber e poder biomédico associa a testosterona à “natureza masculina”, produzindo, como efeito de verdade, modos de subjetivação restritos de masculinidade. O binarismo de sexo e gênero é reatualizado com a substancialização da diferença sexual. Configura-se, assim, uma essencialização do que é ser homem ao se discutir os usos da testosterona.
Intervenções psicológicas no processo de aposentadoria: revisão integrativa da literatura brasileira
Authors: Cunha Natalí Andrade da , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio , Marin Raquel Cornélio
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A aposentadoria representa uma fase de transição, com importantes repercussões para a vida do indivíduo em suas diferentes dimensões, como carreira, saúde, família e socialização. As intervenções psicológicas pré e pós-aposentadoria objetivam contribuir nessa transição, promovendo bem-estar, adaptação e maior qualidade de vida no enfrentamento das mudanças inerentes a essa etapa desenvolvimental. Objetivo: Este estudo de revisão integrativa teve por objetivo conhecer o panorama das intervenções psicológicas utilizadas nos processos de pré e pós-aposentadoria no Brasil. Método: A questão norteadora foi: qual o perfil das intervenções psicológicas no contexto da aposentadoria em termos de características, resultados e recomendações no Brasil? A partir das bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, PePSIC e PsycINFO, foram realizadas buscas no período de 2002 a 2017. Resultados e Discussões: Foram recuperados dez artigos, sendo cinco empíricos e cinco teóricos. A maioria tem o objetivo de descrever a importância dos programas de preparação para a aposentadoria (PPA). As intervenções atingiram mais o público feminino e buscaram promover o bem-estar a partir da exploração das perdas, dos ganhos e das mudanças ocorridas nessa fase. Conclusão: Recomenda-se a participação de psicólogos nesses programas, bem como a avaliação longitudinal das propostas existentes, buscando seu aperfeiçoamento constante.
O Entrecruzamento Psicologia-Saúde via Políticas Públicas: Uma Análise Discursiva a Partir das Cartilhas do CREPOP
Authors: Benevides Pablo Severiano , Siebra Adolfo Jesiel
Published: August 2021

O suposto vínculo, original e longínquo, da psicologia com a saúde não desmente o fato de a psicologia, em território brasileiro, ter laços institucionais reconhecidos com o campo da saúde somente nas últimas décadas. Assumindo que o critério para a formação desse laço são os enunciados que efetivamente alçam estatuto institucional de discursos oficiais, o escopo deste estudo consiste em examinar, sob um prisma foucaultiano, a formação de um conjunto de práticas discursivas que sobrepõem psicologia, saúde e políticas públicas. O corpus dessa investigação consistirá nas cartilhas produzidas pelo Centro de Referência em Psicologia e Políticas Públicas (CREPOP). Tal sobreposição acarreta um efeito duplo: a tentativa de uma metamorfose no interior da própria psicologia e sua inserção nas práticas de saúde. Mediante a recorrência a toda uma gramática jurídica-progressista, discursos psicológicos passam a funcionar como discursos de saúde e sinalizadores de um horizonte democrático e emancipado para a humanidade.
ANALISIS PROKSIMAT DAN FITOKIMIA BUAH PEDADA (Sonneratia ovata Back.)
Authors: Astuti Maria Dewi , Wulandari Mahrita , Rosyidah Kholifatu , Nurmasari Radna
Published: August 2021

Analisis proksimat dan fitokimia buah pedada (Sonneratia ovata Back.) telah dilakukan.  Analisis proksimat meliputi penetapan kadar air, abu, protein, lemak dan karbohidrat. Analisis fitokimia meliputi skrining fitokimia dan penetapan kadar saponin dan flavonoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan buah pedada memiliki kadar air 64,28%, abu 1,04%, lemak 1,80%, protein 9,33%, dan karbohidrat 2,19%. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan buah pedada mengandung flavonoid, saponin, karotenoid dan steroid. Kadar saponin sebesar  0,99% dan kadar flavonoid sebesar 23,077 mgEQ/g.
KARAKTERISTIK BATAKO DARI LIMBAH BOTOL PLASTIK
Authors: Ni'mah Lailan , Syauqiah Isna , Suryani Agus
Published: August 2021

Peningkatan penggunaan dari plastik maka limbah yang berupa sampah plastik pun meningkat. Sampah plastik yang digunakan didominasi oleh jenis PE (Polyethylene) yang berbentuk botol, yang terbagi atas LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) dan HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) dan jenis PP (Polypropylene). Plastik merupakan polimer hidrokarbon yang sulit terurai. Sehingga banyak sampah plastik yang tertimbun dan tidak terolah dengan baik dan benar, padahal diperlukan waktu yang lama agar plastik dapat terurai sempurna. Salah satu cara dalam mengatasi hal tersebut yaitu dengan menggunakan kembali sampah plastik seperti pembuatan batako dari limbah plastik. Variasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah limbah botol plastik:lem=1:1; limbah botol plastik:pasir= 1:1 (tanpa layer) dan limbah botol plastik:pasir= 1:1 (dengan 3 layer). Dari hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa batako plastik dengan variasi limbah botol plastik:lem= 1:1 memiliki densitas sebesar 0,86 g/cm3 dan daya serap air sebesar 0,18%; batako plastik dengan variasi limbah botol plastik:lem= 1:1 (tanpa layer) memiliki densitas sebesar 1,12 g/cm3 dan daya serap air sebesar 0,34%; Batako plastik dengan variasi limbah botol plastik:pasir= 1:1 (dengan 3 layer) memiliki densitas sebesar 1,19 g/cm3 dan daya serap air sebesar 0,05%.
Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Current Progress and Challenges
Authors: Gavas Shreelaxmi , Quazi Sameer , Karpiński Tomasz
Published: August 2021

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity with a complex pathophysiology. Traditional cancer therapies include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, limitations such as lack of specificity, cytotoxicity, and multi-drug resistance pose a substantial challenge for favorable cancer treatment. The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized the arena of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles (1-100nm) can be used in the treatment of cancer owing to their specific advantages such as biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, more excellent stability, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting. Nanoparticles are classified into several main categories. The nanoparticle drug delivery system is particular and utilizes tumor and tumor environment characteristics. Nanoparticles not only solve the limitations of conventional cancer treatment but also overcome multidrug resistance. Additionally, as new multidrug resistance mechanisms are unraveled and studied, nanoparticles are being investigated more vigorously. Various therapeutic implications of nano-formulations have created brand new perspectives for cancer treatment. However, a majority of the research is limited to in vivo and in vitro studies, and the number of nano-drugs that are approved has not much amplified over the years. In this review, we discuss numerous types of nanoparticles, targeting mechanisms along with approved nanotherapeutics for oncological implications in cancer treatment. Further, we also summarize the current perspective, advantages, and challenges in clinical translation.
Novel Post-Glacial Haplotype Evolution in Birch – A Case for Conserving Local Adaptation
Authors: Belton Samuel , Cubry Philippe , Fox Erica , Kelleher Colin T.
Published: August 2021

Despite constituting the western-most edge of the population distributions for several native European flora, Ireland has largely been left out of key Europe-wide phylogeographic studies. This is true for birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Betula pendula Roth.), for which the genetic diversity has yet to be mapped for Ireland. Here, we used eight cpDNA (two RFLP and six SSR) markers to map the genetic diversity of B. pubescens, B. pendula and putative hybrid individuals sampled from 19 populations spread cross most of the island of Ireland. Within Ireland, 11 distinct haplotypes were detected, the most common of which (H1) was also detected in England, Scotland, France and Norway. A moderate level of population structuring (GST = 0.282) was found across Ireland and the genetic diversity of its northern populations was twice that of its southern populations. This indicates that, unlike other native Irish trees, such as oak and alder, post-glacial recolonisation by birch did not begin in the south (i.e., from Iberia). Rather, and in agreement with palynological data, birch most likely migrated in from eastern populations in Britain. Finally, we highlight Irish populations with comparatively unique genetic structure which may be included as part of European genetic conservation networks.
International Virtual Writing Camp: A Feasible Solution of Prospective Author Training
Authors: Kuswandi Dedi , Murtadho Nurul , Hadi Syamsul , Wibawa Aji Prasetya , Herdianto Roni , Pradana Ilham Mulya Putra , Harianto Febri Dwi
Published: August 2021

Every scholarly journal's ultimate objective and purpose is to publish high-quality work. This article discusses the adoption of a worldwide virtual writing camp as an alternate approach given by journal editorial boards to increase the quality of prospective authors during the current Sars-Cov-2 pandemic, when face-to-face meetings are impractical. A virtually entire training program was designed for those interested in submitting their manuscript to journals but lack the necessary understanding and expertise to write a so-called high-quality paper. This strategy consisted of nine phases and required around three months to complete. By the end of the camp, participants should have written one or more papers that were ready to send and submit.
Cardiometabolic Health Risks, Lifestyle Behaviours and Quality of Life in People with Early Psychosis – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Meepring Soontareeporn , Gray Richard , Li Yan , Ho Grace WK , Chien Wai Tong , Bressington Daniel
Published: August 2021

Introduction: People with schizophrenia have poor cardiometabolic health, with elevated 10-year cardiovascular disease risk (CVD-R) scores and poor quality of life (QOL). There is lack of understanding of these issues in early psychosis. Aims: To quantify CVD-R in people with early psychosis and profile their obesity prevalence, lifestyle behaviours and QOL. Secondary aim was to explore associations between lifestyle behaviours/treatment characteristics and CVD-R/QOL. Method:Baseline data from 81 RCT participants were used to profile cardiometabolic health risks (QRISK®3, BMI and waist circumference). Participants self-reported lifestyle behaviours and QOL. Relationships between modifiable treatment/lifestyle factors and QOL/CVD-R were explored using bivariate analyses. Results: Participants’ relative risk for CVD over 10 years was 1.93 times higher than healthy counterparts; 39% also had an obese BMI and physical QOL was poor. No significant associations were observed between CVD-R or QOL with treatment characteristics and lifestyle factors. Discussion: Despite positive lifestyle behaviours, participants had elevated CVD-R scores and poor physical health related QOL. Quantifying CVD-R with QRISK®3 may highlight the need for health promotion interventions. Implications for practice: Mental health professionals should be alert to elevated cardiometabolic health risks in early psychosis, particularly as these can occur in the context of relatively healthy lifestyle behaviours.
Comparison of Basic Science Process Skills for Students on Electrical Materials with the Rasch Model Analysis
Authors: Handayani Sri Lestari
Published: August 2021

Prospective teacher students must have good science process skills to create learning that focuses on science process skills-based learning. This study aims to describe the comparison of the basic science process skills of prospective elementary school teachers in electric subjects. This research is descriptive. The sample of this study was 184 students consisting of 104 students in the 4th semester and 80 students in the 6th semester. The data collection technique was using a test that consists of 25 questions about basic science process skills. Data analysis using the Wright Person Map in Rasch Model. Based on the results, the researcher obtained information that most prospective elementary teachers' science process skills were classified as moderate. In addition, the results were obtained that the science process skills of 6th-semester students were better than the 4th semester. This research also found that the science process skill of female students was better than male students.
The Effectiveness of using Student Worksheets to Practice Science Process Skills on Hooke's Law Material
Authors: Syamsidar S , Khaeruddin Khaeruddin , Helmi Helmi
Published: August 2021

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of guided inquiry-based physics worksheets in training students' science process skills. This case study was conducted at SMAN 4 Sidenreng Rappang with 28 respondents. Students use worksheets based on guided inquiry for four meetings in Hooke's law material. The worksheets were developed using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, including expert validation.  We obtained the expert analysis of student worksheets based on guided inquiry from two experts, namely 3.16 out of 4 Likert scales with a validity percentage of 78.89%. These results indicate that the student worksheets based on guided inquiry are appropriate. Also, the gain test is used to determine the effectiveness of this worksheet. The science process skills test score obtained an average N-gain of 0.69, and this value is included in the medium category. This is shown based on student responses which found that 28 respondents generally gave a positive reaction to guided inquiry-based physics worksheets. This means that students receive guided inquiry-based physics worksheets as an effective learning resource used in learning.
Harnessing the Power of the Collective: The Women’s Handicrafts Production Cooperative in Aswan, Egypt
Authors: Ahmed AlGarf Yasmine
Published: August 2021

The Women’s Handicrafts Production Cooperative is a success story that has transformed the lives of its members, who had been finding it hard to obtain employment. They are now focused on creating their own enterprise. Started in 2018, today the cooperative’s membership has expanded tenfold and created employment opportunities by using the principles of social solidarity economy and collective business models. The Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) project in Egypt, developed in partnership with the Better Life Association for Community Development (BLACD), provided technical training to the cooperative in handicrafts production, as well as life skills training, to empower the workers to continue despite all the societal pressure for them to give up. Assistance from BLACD came in when it was needed. Particularly during the COVID-19 crisis, with the tourism market shut down, BLACD has provided crucial technical advice and support, supporting the cooperative to brainstorm and identify several parallel income-generating activities. This case study contains some testimonies from members of the cooperative on how their collective strength was harnessed to create employment and income.
Local 'Job Counters' at Casal del Infants: Personal support to help vulnerable young people into work
Authors: Skalli Hasna
Published: August 2021

After graduating from university, Warda struggled a lot. For a few years, she had to take odd jobs for that had no security, days off or health insurance. Eventually she connected with Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) programme partner Casal Del Infants. With their support, she successfully entered the formal labour market. She was selected by Casal to join a jobs programme, where she was trained for one month as a quality control officer. After completing her training, she obtained a placement in maintenance at an automotive company. This was facilitated through Casal’s ‘Activa Counter’, its employment integration desk. This programme supports internships and helps young people to integrate into the private sector. The programme has gained in popularity over the years and has the potential to help many young people into work.
A Pathway to Youth Employment: Youth internships programme in Jordan
Authors: Raei Lamia
Published: August 2021

As part of the Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) programme, Oxfam’s partner INJAZ works to bridge the skills gap between the educational system and the changing needs of the labour market in Jordan. Oxfam supports the INJAZ internship programme, which aims to integrate young people into private-sector companies in order to help inform their future career choices. For many young people who participate in the programme, their internship is a stepping-stone to full employment. This case study presents examples of young people who enrolled in the scheme, enhanced their skills, and found a job. Though the uncertainty caused by COVID-19 has affected the pace of recruitment, Oxfam and INJAZ are still working tirelessly to achieve the programme’s mission.
High arsenic levels increase activity rather than diversity or abundance of arsenic metabolism genes in paddy soils
Authors: Zhang Si-Yu , Xiao Xiao , Chen Song-Can , Zhu Yong-Guan , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T.
Published: August 2021

Arsenic (As) metabolism genes are generally present in soils but their diversity, relative abundance, and transcriptional activity in response to different As concentrations remain unclear, limiting our understanding of the microbial activities that control the fate of an important environmental pollutant. To address this issue, we applied metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to paddy soils showing a gradient of As concentrations to investigate As resistance genes (ars) including arsR, acr3, arsB, arsC, arsM, arsI, arsP, and arsH as well as energy-generating As respiratory oxidation (aioA) and reduction (arrA) genes. Somewhat unexpectedly, the relative DNA abundances and diversity of ars, aioA, and arrA genes were not significantly different between low and high (~10 vs ~100 mg kg-1) As soils. By comparison to available metagenomes from other soils, geographic distance rather than As levels drove the different compositions of microbial communities. Arsenic significantly increased ars genes abundance only when its concentration was higher than 410 mg kg-1. In contrast, between low and high As soils, metatranscriptomics revealed a significant increase in transcription of ars and aioA genes, which are induced by arsenite, the dominant As species in paddy soils, but not arrA genes, which are induced by arsenate. These patterns appeared to be community-wide as opposed to taxon-specific. Collectively, our findings advance understanding of how microbes respond to high As levels and the diversity of As metabolism genes in paddy soils and indicated that future studies of As metabolism in soil, or other environments, should include the function (transcriptome) level. IMPORTANCEArsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid pervasively present in the environment. Microorganisms have evolved the capacity to metabolize As, and As metabolism genes are ubiquitously present in the environment even in the absence of high concentrations of As. However, these previous studies were carried out at the DNA level and thus, the activity of the As metabolism genes detected remains essentially speculative. Here, we show that the high As levels in paddy soils increased the transcriptional activity rather than the relative DNA abundance and diversity of As metabolism genes. These findings advance our understanding of how microbes respond to and cope with high As levels and have implications for better monitoring and managing an important toxic metalloid in agricultural soils and possibly other ecosystems.
Expression Profile Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Induced by Serum From Kawasaki Disease: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Fan Xue , Li Meng , Xiao Min , Liu Cong , Xu Mingguo
Published: August 2021

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) leads to coronary artery damage and the etiology of KD is unknown. The present study was designed to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in KD serum-induced human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) by RNA-sequence (RNA-seq). Methods: HCAECs were stimulated with serum (15% (v/v)), which were collected from 20 healthy children and 20 KD patients, for 24 hours. DEGs were then detected and analyzed by RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. Results: The expression of SMAD1, SMAD6, CD34, CXCL1, PITX2, and APLN was validated by qPCR. 102 genes, 59 up-regulated and 43 down-regulated genes, were significantly differentially expressed in KD groups. GO enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in cellular response to cytokines, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, and regulation of immune cells migration and chemotaxis. KEGG signaling pathway analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in cytokine−cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and TGF−β signaling pathway. Besides, the mRNA expression levels of SMAD1, SMAD6, CD34, CXCL1, and APLN in the KD group were signiﬁcantly up-regulated compared with the normal group, while PITX2 was significantly down-regulated. Conclusion: 102 DEGs in KD serum-induced HCAECs were identified, and six new targets may be closely associated with the pathogenesis of KD.
The abundance of mRNA transcripts of bacteroidetal polyethylene terephthalate (PET) esterase genes may indicate a role in marine plastic degradation
Authors: Zhang Hongli , Dierkes Robert , Pérez-García Pablo , Weigert Sebastian , Sternagel Stefanie , Hallam Steven , Schott Thomas , Juergens Klaus , Vollstedt Christel , Chibani Cynthia , Danso Dominik , Buchholz Patrick , Pleiss Jürgen , Almeida Alexandre , Hocker Birte , Schmitz Ruth , Chow Jennifer , Streit Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is an important synthetic polymer accumulating in nature 2 and recent studies have identified microorganisms capable of degrading PET. While the majority of 3 known PET hydrolases originate from the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, here we describe the 4 first functional PET-active enzymes from the Bacteroidetes phylum. Using a PETase-specific 5 Hidden-Markov-Model (HMM)-based search algorithm we identified two promiscuous and cold6 active esterases derived from Aequorivita sp. (PET27) and Chryseobacterium jeonii (PET30) acting 7 on PET foil and powder. Notably, one of the enzymes (PET30) was able to hydrolyze PET at 8 temperatures between 4° - 30°C with a similar turnover rate compared to the well-known Ideonella 9 sakaiensis enzyme (IsPETase). 10 PET27 and PET30 homologues were detected in metagenomes encompassing a wide range 11 of different global climate zones. Additional transcript abundance mapping of marine samples imply 12 that these promiscuous enzymes and source organisms may play a role in the long-term 13 degradation of microplastic particles and fibers.