bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technologies and equipment for the creation of environmentally friendly and waste-free biotechnological industries
Authors: Ksenofontov Boris
Published: November 2023

The monograph examines modern biotechnological technologies and new equipment for solving environmental problems. The theoretical foundations of the cultivation of microorganisms and the most common ecobiotechnological technologies, including biological water purification, biotechnology of soil and air purification, as well as aerobic and anaerobic treatment of sewage sludge and waste generated during the processing of plant raw materials, are described. Possible ways of obtaining electricity by anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge are analyzed.
It is intended for specialists in the field of biotechnology, researchers, senior students of the specialty, bachelors, masters and postgraduates of environmental training areas and specialties of technical universities, as well as everyone who wants to improve their level of knowledge in the field of biotechnology.
Aesthetics of the transcendent (incomprehensible) in the Russian spiritual culture of the late XIX- first half of the XX century
Authors: Didenko Valeriy
Published: November 2023

The monograph shows that one of the fundamental reasons for the development of post—industrial civilization in the tendency to increase dehumanization and factors of catastrophism in individual and public consciousness is the dichotomy of two types of world relations - transcendental-eidetic, which is based on the highest spiritual values (life, creativity, freedom), and immanent-empirical, based on the requirements of existence immediate (everyday) needs and aspirations — material goods, prestige, social status, etc. And the loss in culture of the significance of the transcendent-eidetic intention of consciousness, the ability and necessity of transcendence, going beyond the limits of everyday goals and meanings in life, both individual and social, leads to degradation in the dynamics of socio-cultural development in both ontogeny and phylogeny.
It is intended for specialists in the field of philosophy and cultural studies, students of humanities universities, as well as anyone who cares about the topic of art and spiritual culture.
Music and law in Russia of the XVIII-XX centuries. History. Documents
Authors: Svechnikova Larisa
Published: November 2023

For the first time in historical and legal science, the monograph examines the state regulation of musical education and musical culture in Russia, examines the main stages of their formation and development. Based on an extensive layer of normative sources, many of which were first introduced into scientific circulation, the analysis of the legislation of the Russian Empire since the second half of the XVIII century and the analysis of Soviet legislation from 1917 to the 1980s were carried out, which allowed us to draw conclusions about the role of the state and its legal institutions for the musical culture of Russia in the specified chronological framework.
For historians, musicologists, specialists in the history of law and the state.
Financial literacy of Russian students: a key condition for ensuring economic independence
Authors: Reznik Semen , Chernikovskaya Marina , Sazykina Ol'ga
Published: November 2023

The monograph presents the results of a study of the formation of financial literacy of Russian students.
Special attention is paid to students' assessment of their financial literacy, analysis of: students' setting life goals in the field of finance, experience in drawing up and implementing a personal budget, the use of financial planning technologies in the organization of personal life, the culture of financial behavior of students, their entrepreneurial potential, financial priorities in the organization of student life, prospects for improving their financial literacy. An integral quantitative assessment of the level of formation of students' financial competencies is presented.
The influence of socio-demographic factors on the formation and development of financial literacy of students of Russian universities is studied: gender characteristics, areas of training, age, etc.
The system, mechanisms and strategic directions of managing the formation and improvement of financial literacy of students of higher educational institutions of Russia as a key condition for ensuring their future economic independence are proposed.
It is recommended for students and teachers of Russian universities, for governing bodies of higher education institutions, as well as for anyone who studies the problems of financial literacy of the Russian population.
Comparative study of social networks in post-socialist Western Balkan countries. Formal and informal networking for information diffusion
Authors: Tuna Emelj , Bogdanov Natalija , Nikolic Aleksandra , Simonovska Ana
Published: November 2023

Rural areas in the Western Balkan are faced with severe socio-economic and political challenges, including a lack of access to knowledge and information as well as scepticism about formal forms of cooperation. Yet, the evidence regarding the influence of social capital and network structures on the access of the rural population to information and knowledge in these countries is still sparse, even though this can be one of the most influential factors shaping rural development. In this paper, a multi-country comparison was applied to provide empirical evidence of the existing level of social capital structures (networks) in North Macedonia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The conducted analyses indicate that even with the low participation rates, all farmers, both members and non-members of organisations, perceived membership in formal organisations as useful. Additionally, the results support the presumption that even sparse informal networks, mostly built on strong personal ties, are more effective channels for information transfer in the absence of efficient/active formalised types of cooperation. This implies that rural development policy should be crafted in a way to transform farmers from passive subjects into creative actors, particularly in sharing and promoting good practices.
Reshaping National Organ Allocation Policy
Authors: Papalexopoulos Theodore , Alcorn James , Bertsimas Dimitris , Goff Rebecca , Stewart Darren , Trichakis Nikolaos
Published: November 2023

Working with U.S. policymakers to redesign national organ allocation

The Organ Procurement & Transplantation Network (OPTN), which manages transplantation activities in the United States, recently partnered with the MIT Operations Research Center to design and implement novel organ allocation policies that are more equitable, efficient, and inclusive. National organ allocation policies need to strike a delicate balance between efficiency and fairness in multiple objectives, reconciling often disparate value judgments and priorities from many different stakeholders. In “Reshaping National Organ Allocation Policy,” T. Papalexopoulos, J. Alcorn, and D. Bertsimas et al. introduced a novel optimization- and machine learning-based framework to aid policy design and navigate challenging fairness-efficiency tradeoffs. The authors collaborated with the OPTN to apply the framework to the design of a new national allocation policy for lungs, which was implemented in March 2023 and is anticipated to reduce waitlist mortality by approximately 20%. Based on this success, the authors are now working toward the redesign of the entire U.S. organ allocation system, including kidneys, pancreata, hearts, and livers.
Cardiac leiomyomatosis misdiagnosed initially as submissive pulmonary embolism: a rare case report
Authors: Alosail Abdulmajeed Faleh
Published: November 2023

This case report presents a rare case of cardiac leiomyomatosis misdiagnosed initially as submassive pulmonary embolism in a 39-year-old woman. The patient presented with syncope and hypotension, leading to an initial diagnosis of submassive pulmonary embolism. However, further investigations revealed a right-sided heart mass on echocardiogram. Surgical intervention was carried out, and the patient’s condition was successfully managed. This case emphasizes the importance of considering rare cardiac tumours in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
Primary pulmonary T-cell lymphoma mimicking asthma and community-acquired pneumonia: a rare case report
Authors: Nguyen-Dang Khoa , Tran-Ngoc Nguyen , Duong-Minh Ngoc , Pham-Quang Thong , Bui-Thi Hanh-Duyen
Published: November 2023

Primary pulmonary T-cell lymphoma (PPTL) is a rare disease. Diagnosing PPTL is challenging due to non-specific clinical symptoms and imaging. A 32-year-old female presented with persistent fever, cough, and dyspnoea. The symptoms were initially treated as asthma and community-acquired pneumonia without improvement. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral consolidations with a CT angiogram sign, and flexible bronchoscopy showed infiltrative lesions causing bronchial stenosis. Histopathological examination of the tissue biopsy identified T-cell lymphoma through immunohistochemical staining positive for CD3. This case highlights the importance of considering differential diagnoses such as PPTL in patients with atypical presentations of asthma or non-resolving pneumonia. This case also demonstrates the diagnostic utility of flexible bronchoscopy in identifying airway obstruction due to malignant cells, which can mimic asthma.
Keterkaitan Indeks Harga Konsumen (IHK) Kelompok Bahan Makanan dengan Kelompok Makanan Jadi, Minuman, Rokok, dan Tembakau di Indonesia Tahun 2014-2019 (Pendekatan Vector Error Correction Model)
Authors: Azima Lira , Astuti Erni Tri
Published: November 2023

Pricing a commodity depends on the price of other commodities. As the largest contributor to inflation, the pattern of price movements in CPI of prepared food, beverages, cigarette, and tobacco group is inseparable from CPI of foodstuff group as the raw material for that group. This condition indicates that in analyzing the pattern of price movements of a commodity, it cannot be separated from the influence of other commodities. The aims of the study is to examine the linkages between CPI of foodstuff group and CPI of prepared food, beverages, cigarette, and tobacco group, also its response and contribution when there is shock during January 2014 until December 2019 in Indonesia using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results suggest that in long-term CPI of prepared food, beverages, cigarette, and tobacco group has positive effect on CPI of foodstuff group. Impulse Response Function (IRF) shows that shocks to CPI of foodstuff group is positively responded by CPI of prepared food, beverages, cigarette, and tobacco group, and vice versa. In addition, Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) show that the variation of CPI of prepared food, beverages, cigarette, and tobacco group are dominated by contribution of CPI of foodstuff group.

Keywords : consumer price index, VECM, impulse response function, forecast error variance decomposition
Implementasi Clustering K-Medoids dalam Pengelompokan Kabupaten di Provinsi Aceh Berdasarkan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kemiskinan
Authors: Hidayat Freditasari Purwa , Putra Royhan Pina , Alfitrah M Dendi , Widodo Edy
Published: November 2023

The economy is one of the parameters to see how the development of a country. Ending poverty anywhere and in any form is goal 01 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program. Until now, poverty has become one of the main problems in Indonesia, so poverty must be a concern of the government. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) shows that as of September 2020 the percentage of poor people in Aceh Province is still the highest on the island of Sumatra, which is 15.43%. The purpose of this study is to classify districts based on factors that affect poverty in Aceh Province. The method used in this study is the K-Medoids Cluster Analysis algorithm. The optimal number of clusters is 2 clusters with cluster 1 consisting of 11 districts and cluster 2 consisting of 12 districts. Cluster 1 has a higher percentage of poor population and poverty depth index than cluster 2, while cluster 2 has higher Gini Ratio, AHH, and RLS values than cluster 1.

Keywords : Clusters, Economy, Poverty, SDGs
Beyond Islay : A Brief Literary History of Deaf Utopia and Dystopia
Authors: Harmon Kristen
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The idea of a sign language town, or a Deaf utopia, where Deaf and signing people can come together to live in a geographical or figurative homeland has long persisted in US Deaf life, letters, and literature. In the wake of the Milan Congress of 1880, Alexander Graham Bell's alarming rhetoric concerning "a deaf mute variety of the human race" and the "campaign against sign language," the idea of a homeland, and a Deaf commonwealth took on additional resonance. However, in the absence of geographical sign language towns, utopian and figurative homelands then became an important possible alternative through a communal shared space formed through language, culture, and customs. Homelands for Deaf people can extend to both physical spaces like Deaf schools and Deaf clubs or metaphorical and creative spaces, as in Deaf literature itself. Additionally, this article uses the proclaimed "first Deaf culture novel," Douglas Bullard's Islay: A Novel (1986), about a fictional Deaf republic, as a brief case study of several different overlapping cultural, social, artistic, and literary movements; written Deaf literature before and after this novel is, in some ways, markedly different, and in other ways, much the same due to the ways in which language and modality schemas are invoked in imaginative literature written in English. This study provides additional literary and cultural context for Islay as well as a brief history of Deaf creative writing in prose in relation to key mid-to-late twentieth century Deaf cultural and social movements.
Sign Names in Yucatec Maya Sign Language
Authors: Guen Olivier Le , Canche Rossy Kinil , Hau Merli Collí , Collí Geli Collí
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This article analyzes the construction of sign names in an emerging sign language from Mexico, the Yucatec Maya Sign Language (YMSL). Data comes from elicited interviews as well as natural interactions collected by the authors and signers from two different villages, Chicán and Nohkop. Despite YMSL being an isolate language, sign name construction displays tendencies common in other sign languages, such as being based on descriptions of people's appearance and/or behavior. YMSL sign names also exhibit less common features, such as the extensive use of generic names, names by (kinship) association, and nonmanual sign names. Crucially, name construction in YMSL seems to follow the cultural naming rules of the surrounding Yucatec Maya community. A total of ninety-seven sign names were collected in the two communities: forty-two signs in Nohkop and fifty-five in Chicán. This article explores how the cultural setting can shape the development of sign names in an emerging sign language.
Searching for "larrikin*": Using Digitised Newspapers to Trace the Transnational Coverage of Australian Street Gangs, 1870–98
Authors: Heeks Jasper
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Digitisation is revitalising nineteenth-century periodicals as historical sources, particularly English-language publications. Far from replicas, these digitised sources have different attributes. Text searchability is one such property that is changing how and what historians can research. This article explores the use of keyword search to trace the transnational circulations of information about Australian juvenile street gangs and the controversy they aroused. Without multi-title, text-searchable archives it would not be feasible to attempt to discern the form and extent of this coverage. The article reflects on the new depth and breadth keyword searching can offer and some of the methodological choices and considerations involved.
Integrated-waveguide-based acousto-optic modulation with complete optical conversion
Authors: Zhang Liang , Cui Chaohan , Chen Pao-Kang , Fan Linran
Published: November 2023

Acousto-optic modulation in piezoelectric materials offers the
efficient method to bridge electrical and optical signals. It is
widely used to control optical frequencies and intensities in modern
optical systems including Q-switch lasers, ion traps, and optical
tweezers. It is also critical for emerging applications such as
quantum photonics and non-reciprocal optics. Acousto-optic devices
have recently been demonstrated with promising performance on
integrated platforms. However, the conversion efficiency of optical
signals remains low in these integrated devices. This is attributed to
the significant challenge in realizing large mode overlap, long
interaction length, and high power robustness at the same time. Here,
we develop acousto-optic devices with gallium nitride on a sapphire
substrate. The unique capability to confine both optical and acoustic
fields in sub-wavelength scales without suspended structures allows
efficient acousto-optic interactions over long distances under high
driving power. This leads to the complete optical conversion with
integrated acousto-optic modulators. With the unidirectional phase
matching, we also demonstrate the non-reciprocal propagation of
optical fields with isolation ratios above 10 dB. This work
provides a robust and efficient acousto-optic platform, opening new
opportunities for optical signal processing, quantum transduction, and
non-magnetic optical isolation.
Continuous-wave operation of a tandem optical parametric oscillator up to 5.19 μm based on periodically poled LiNbO₃
Authors: Hu Liemao , Ning Jian , Chen Yifan , Lv Xinjie , Zhao Gang , Xu Ping , Zhu Shining
Published: November 2023

A continuous-wave, tandem optical parametric oscillator (TOPO) based on a MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO₃ (MgO:PPLN) is demonstrated. Because the MgO:PPLN is tandemly pumped by the OPO’s signal beam, it outputs simultaneously two groups of signal and idler with a single pump source. The entire range spans from 1398 to 1490 nm, 1914 to 2107 nm, 3720 to 4444 nm, and 4849 to 5190 nm, which is limited by periods of the MgO:PPLN and cavity mirror coatings. The TOPO, whose oscillation threshold of pump power exceeds 7 W, can be easily triggered by marginally increasing the pump power as long as the OPO process occurs. The maximum idler powers are respectively 2.6 W (at 3896 nm) and 34 mW (at 4863 nm), and the corresponding signal powers are both nearly one hundred milliwatts.
The content of adipokines and myokines in the blood of children and adolescents with different genotypes according to the polymorphism rs662 of the paraoxonase-1 gene
Authors: Shestopalov A. V. , Davydov V. V. , Tumanyan G. T. , Teplyakova E. D. , Shkurat T. P. , Mashkina E. V. , Shkurat M. A. , Gaponov A. M. , Borisenko O. V. , Roumiantsev S. A.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND.Among the many causes of obesity, genetic factors occupy a special place. An obvious role among them belongs to the genetic polymorphism of lipid metabolism enzymes, including paraoxonase-1 (PON-1). Until now, the character of the relationship betweenPON-1polymorphism and the state of the endocrine function of mesenchymal tissues remains unclear. Its study will clarify the subtle mechanisms of the development of obesity in childhood and adolescence.

AIM.The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship betweenPON-1polymorphism (rs662) and changes in the content of adipokines, myokines, and blood lipid metabolism in children and adolescents of different sexes with obesity.

MATERIALSANDMETHODS.In 100 healthy children and adolescents of different sexes and 89 of their peers with obesity, a genetic study was conducted to assess the single nucleotide polymorphism of thePAO-1(rs662) genes. In blood serum, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triacylglycerols, glucose and aminotransferase activity (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were determined by photometric methods, as well as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, apelin, irisin, adipsin, myostatin, FGF21, osteocrine, oncostatin and insulin — by multiplex ELISA, and asprosin — by ELISA ones.

RESULTS.The patients with the homozygous Arg192/Arg allele, the development of complications of obesity in boys is limited and their occurrence in girls is prevented. In other variants ofPON-1polymorphism (Gln192/Gln and Gln192/Arg genotypes), protective mechanisms are formed in the body of girls aimed at preventing complications in obesity. In boys with the Gln192/Gln genotype, obesity reveals more pronounced shifts in lipid metabolism, manifestations of alteration and an increase in the mass of adipose tissue, and in boys-carriers of the heterozygous Gln192/Arg allele, atherogenesis processes increase.

CONCLUSION.Polymorphism of the paraoxonase-1 gene (rs662) contributes to the appearance of gender differences in changes in the content of adipokines and myokines in the blood during obesity in childhood and adolescence.
The role of dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and carbohydrate metabolism disorders induction
Authors: Musina N. N. , Slavkina Ya. S. , Petrukhina D. A. , Zima A. P. , Prokhorenko T. S. , Saprina T. V.
Published: November 2023

Iron affects the pathogenesis and clinical course of several chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. High pro-oxidant iron activity is physiologically controlled by mechanisms regulating entry, recycling, and loss of body iron. These mechanisms include the interplay of iron with ferritin, transferrin, hepcidin, insulin, as well as with adipokines and proinflammatory molecules. An imbalance of these regulatory mechanisms results in both systemic and parenchymal siderosis. Iron overload has a toxic effect on the major tissues involved in lipid and glucose metabolism — pancreatic β cells, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue — as well as the organs affected by chronic hyperglycemia — brain, retina and kidneys. Hyperferremia leads to a decrease in insulin secretion, the formation of insulin resistance and increased liver gluconeogenesis. Molecular mechanisms for these effects are diverse. Elucidating them will implicate both for carbohydrate metabolism disorders prevention and for the pathogenesis of other diseases that are, like diabetes mellitus type 2, associated with nutrition, aging and iron. The literature review presents data from world studies on the mutual influence of glucose metabolism and iron overload, and discusses the differences between hereditary and acquired disorders of iron metabolism from the standpoint of their influence on carbohydrate metabolism.
The Measurement of Efficiency and Productivity of Small Banks Comparative Study in Central Java and Yogyakarta
Authors: Herindar Evania , Ikha Nur Syamsiyah
Published: November 2023

Research Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of promotion and service quality on students' interest in choosing SIPINTAR products at PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Pembangunan Kerinci.
Methodology: This study uses a quantitative research design with a survey approach. The research sample was 60 students in Kerinci Regency while the sampling technique was the convenience sampling method. The data analysis technique used multiple linear analysis, while the hypothesis testing used the statistical t test and F test with the help of the IBM SPSS 26 application.
Research Findings: The results of this study found that partially promotion had a positive and significant effect on students' interest in using SIPINTAR products, while service quality had no effect on students' interest in using SIPINTAR PT. Kerinci Development People's Credit Bank. The results of the F test show that promotion and service quality simultaneously have a significant effect on using PT. SIPINTAR products. Kerinci Development People's Credit Bank, with the magnitude of this influence, namely 20.6%.
Theoretical Contribution: This research is beneficial for the development of the banking business, especially for regional banks.
Research limitation and implication: This study has limitations, namely only examining promotion factors and service quality in influencing the intention to save. However, the results of this study provide information that promotion is a factor in forming interest in using banking products.
Platinum nitrile compounds. Synthesis, structure, possibilities of practical application
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Sharutin V. , Mekhanoshina E.
Published: November 2023

Methods of preparation, some reactions, structural features of platinum nitrile compounds and examples of their possible application are systematized and described based on analysis of the literature published mainly from 2020 to 2023. At the same time, attention is paid to the most effective approaches to obtaining platinum nitrile compounds. The formation reactions of platinum nitrile compounds are considered and information about their biological and catalytic activity is given.
Synthesis and study of the structure of γ-substituted dibenzoylmethanate of boron difluoride
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation, Svistunova I. , Zavodyansky M.
Published: November 2023

A diketonate complex of boron difluoride has been obtained, in which the β-carbon atoms have phenyl groups, and the central carbon atom () has a 2-bromothioethyl group. The complex has been characterized by the results of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). According to X-ray diffraction data, the appearance of a substituent at the -carbon atom leads to the rotation of the phenyl groups, due to necessity to compensate for the repulsion between them and the sulfur atom of the gamma substituent. The result of this reversal is the disruption of conjugation between the electronic systems of the chelate ring and β-substituents, which makes it impossible for the β-phenyl groups to conjugate with the π-electron system of the chelate ring. As a result, the -substituted boron difluoride dibenzoylmethanate does not exhibit luminescent properties of the unsubstituted complex. The boron chelate cycles are located in the crystal, forming linear chains: the cycles of one chain are coplanar to each other and are identically oriented in space: the C-O bonds of the molecules forming the chain are parallel to the chain line and are one-way directed. In this case, the equatorially located fluorine atoms (F(2)) are coordinated at the sulfur atoms of the neighboring molecule. All atoms of the B-F(2)…S-C(2) fragment lie in the same plane. The formation of such structures is due to the coordination of a negatively charged fluorine atom at the substituent atom bonded with the -carbon, which is slightly positively charged. Information about the structure of the resulting complex (tables of atomic coordinates, bond lengths, and bond angles) was deposited at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center no. 2174579, deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk; http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).
Synthesis of derivatives of N-(5-(methylsulfanyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine-2-amines and their 1,2,4-triazine precursors
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Shtaitz Ya. , Ladin E. , Sharutin V. , Kopchuk D. , Rybakova A. , Sharafieva E. , Krinochkin A. , Zyryanov G. , Pospelova T. , Matern A.
Published: November 2023

A solvent-free interaction between 5-cyano-1.2.4-triazines and 5-methylsulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amines has been studied. The structure of the product of ipso-substitution of cyano-group with the corresponding heterocyclic amine residue has been proven by 1Н NMR and ESI-MS data. Thus, in the 1Н NMR spectra a three-proton singlet at 2.61 ppm is present, which can be interpreted as the signal of the methylsulfanyl group protons. Subsequent transformation of 1,2,4-triazine scaffold of the resulting product into a pyridine one has been successfully per-formed under autoclave conditions. It has been found that methylsulfanyl group undergoes no transformations in both stages of synthesis. This fact is also proven by X-Ray crystallography data of the obtained functionalised bypyridines. According to the X-Ray crystallography data, compound 4 crystallizes as two crystallographically independent molecules in non-centrosymmetric space group P-1 with triclinic system. The crystal structure is formed by numerous intermolecular N∙∙∙H contacts between two crystallographically independent molecules of triazolylpyridine-2-amine. The 1Н NMR spectra of compound 4 contain two doublets of the new pyridine cycle at 7.37 and 7.61 ppm. Thus, properties of 5-methysulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine are different from these of its analogue with mercaptogroup at C5 position. Namely, in accordance to our previous results ipso-substitution of C5-cyanogroup of 1,2,4-triazine with moiety of the latter amine is accompanied by desulfurization reaction.
Synthesis of pectin-based graft copolymers with synthetic fragments of vinyl monomers using the triethylborane-oxygen initiating system
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Prodaevich V. , Valetova N. , Mitin A. , Semenycheva L.
Published: November 2023

The study of trialkylborane as a component of the initiating system with oxygen was carried out using the example of graft polymerization of alkyl(meth)acrylate vinyl butyl ether copolymer units on pectin polysaccharide. The amine complex triethylborane-hexamethylenediamine was introduced into a boiling mixture of an aqueous solution of pectin in vinyl butyl ether, after which a solution of the active monomer, alkyl(meth)acrylate, containing methacrylic acid, was introduced by the compensation method to isolate triethylborane from the complex. As a result of synthesis from a mixture containing butyl acrylate, three immiscible parts were formed: organic, aqueous, and between them a “sponge” that did not dissolve in any of the phases. In the case of methyl methacrylate, only two parts were formed in the mixture: organic and aqueous. Water-soluble and organic polymers were dried under vacuum conditions to constant weight at T = 20–25 °C. Gravimetric analysis showed that the “sponge” was a mixture of water-soluble and organic polymers at 50:50 ratio. To do this, the dried polymers were dissolved alternately in water and vinyl butyl ether. Graft copolymers pectin-methyl methacrylate-vinyl butyl ether and pectin-butyl acrylate-vinyl butyl ether were isolated from the aqueous phase of the synthesized systems, in relation to the introduced acrylate. In comparison with the original pectin, the molecular weight of the water-soluble fraction increased significantly. Comparison of the IR spectrum of the graft copolymer pectin-methyl methacrylate-vinyl butyl ether with the IR spectra of pectin and the IR spectrum of pectin-methyl methacrylate indicated that all the bands characteristic of pectin, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinyl butyl ether were observed for the new polymer sample. Freeze-dried samples of pectin and pectin-methyl methacrylate-vinyl butyl ether graft copolymer were examined using scanning electron microscopy. A comparative analysis showed a change in the structure of pectin fibers as a result of its copolymerization with a copolymer of methyl meth-acrylate-vinyl butyl ether. The obtained data confirm the addition of synthetic polymers alkyl (meth) acrylate-vinyl butyl ether to the basis of the pectin macromolecule. New substances are polymer molecules containing natural and synthetic fragments with an ordered structure. Such compounds are promising as the basis for wound healing coatings.
Novel photoanode based on hierarchically structured Ti–P double oxide
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Mikhailov  , Knyazeva  , Abramyan  , Korina  , Morozov  , Avdin  , Bol'shakov
Published: November 2023

A new electricity source is a hot topic for material scientist working for the development of a new reliable, stable and green generation of energy. An exponential growth of the energy consumption in the last few decades raised the concerns about limitations of the conventional energy supply, let alone ecological problems. A considerable effort has been made by scientific community to meet the challenge of the efficient conversion of the sunlight to the electricity. Widespread application of the photovoltaic panels lowered the greenhouse burden in developed countries. Simultaneously, a significant momentum was given to the so-called 3rd generation photovoltaics, based on the highly efficient organic dyes, deposited on the photoanodes. Such photoanodes must meet a set of requirements: high porosity, for increased deposition of the organic dye, and a developed network of the charge draining channels for efficient charge transfer to the photoanode. An emergence of a novel hierarchically structured materials helped to meet abovementioned demands and created a solid ground for advanced photovoltaics. In this work, we test a novel hierarchically structured Ti–P double oxide as a dye-deposition substrate for photoanode as a perspective material for 3rd generation of photovoltaics. Preliminary results prove novel structures are efficient, yet need practical modifications.
Ecological and geographical phytoplankton characteristics in the Chelyabinsk region salt lakes
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Kostryukova A. , Mashkova I.
Published: November 2023

There is a great number of lakes within the Russian territory. The majority of research is re-lated to practical needs and the conditions in large aquatic ecosystems of economic or recreational value, as well as specially protected natural objects. At the moment, the state of water bodies with high mineralization belongs to underinvestigated factors. However, in highly mineralized reservoirs, a biotic community is formed that is unique in its species composition and diversity. The lakes proposed for study have a similar origin and landscape conditions; they are located in the same natural zone; they are also similar in terms of the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors on them, a high trophic content at different mineralization. The phytoplankton biodiversity in the Chelyabinsk region salt lakes has not practically been studied. Many species are not able to live in a saline environment, so the species diversity that can adapt to increased salinity is limited. The biodiversity study of these ecosystems is very important. There are lakes with high mineralization (more than 3 g/L) in the Chelyabinsk region. In the paper the phytoplankton species composition of the Chelyabinsk region salt lakes (Chernoe, Gorkoe, and Treustan) was studied for the first time. As many as 55 algae species have been identified. The study results show that the highest values of species abundance have been noted for Bacillariophyta. The ecological and geographical analysis of algal flora of the lakes has shown that the predominant part of the occurring phytoplankton belongs to cosmopolitan species, plankton-benthic and benthic forms and alkaliphiles. Despite the enhanced mineralization of the lakes, freshwater species are characterized by the highest species diversity.
Organic platinum compounds containing one platinum–carbon bond. Synthesis, structure, possibilities of practical application
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Sharutin V. , Zykova A.
Published: November 2023

The synthesis methods and structural features of organic platinum compounds containing one platinum–carbon bond have been systematized and described on the basis of analysis of the literature sources published mainly from 2020 to 2023. The discussion of the synthesis methods focuses on the most efficient approaches. Chemical properties of these platinum compounds, schemes of preparation and some mechanisms of reactions are presented. Information on biological activity, catalytic and photoluminescent properties is given.
Reactions of pentaphenyl- and penta(para-tolyl)antimony with ferrocene dicarboxylic acid
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Sharutin V.
Published: November 2023

In reactions of pentaphenyl- and penta(para-tolyl)antimony with ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (molar ratios 1:1 and 2:1) in toluene (20 С, 24 h), hydrogen in one or two carboxylate groups is replaced with formation of tetraarylantimony ferrocene carboxylates HOOС5H4FeС5H4C(O)OSbPh4 (1), HOOС5H4FeС5H4C(O)OSbTol4 (2), Ph4SbC(O)OC5H4FeС5H4C(O)OSbPh4 (3) and p-Tol4SbC(O)OC5H4FeС5H4C(O)OSbTol4 (4), yielding up to 83 %. Compounds 1–4 have been identified by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis for 4. X-ray diffraction analysis of complex 4 has been performed on a D8 Quest Bruker automatic four-circle diffractometer (Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å, graphite monochromator ) at 293 K. Crystallographic characteristics of compound 4: monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a = 17.227(17), b = 11.064(9), c = 30.59(3) Å, β = 100.00(4) deg., V = 5742(9) Å3, Z = 4, calc = 1.440 g/cm3, 2 6.02-49.08 deg., total reflections 124343, independent reflections 9436, number of refined parameters 684, Rint = 0.1051, GOOF 1.094, R1 = 0.0536, wR2 = 0.1309, residual electron density (max/min) 0.88/1.21 e/Å3. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis data, in crystal 4 coordination of the antimony atoms is distorted octahedral due to the fact that the carboxylate ligand is a bidentate chelating ligand. The diagonal angles in the two octahedra are 146.4(2), 154.0(3), 171.0(2) and 147.4(2), 154.8(2), 166.9(2). The SbO distances are 2.296(5), 2.502(5) Å and 2.289(5), 2.453(5) Å, the SbC bonds are significantly different (2.146(7)2.166(7) and 2.123(6)2.165(7) Å). The structural organization of the crystal is mainly due to the interactions of the СН•••-type.
Synthesis and structure study of 2-alkenylsulfanyl-1-methylimidazoles
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Il’inykh E. , Ignat'eva I.
Published: November 2023

Derivatives of 1-methylimidazole-2-thiol (1) bearing substituents of various kinds are prom-ising ligands for modeling various enzymatic systems and structures with pharmacological activity. They are widely used as intermediates in the synthesis of organic compounds possessing biological activity (antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antithyroid, antihistamine, antiprotozoal, and antiviral) as well as agrochemicals, dyes, photochemicals, corrosion inhibitors, epoxy hardeners, adhesives, and plastic modifiers. In the present paper we have studied the interaction between 1-methylimidazole-2-thiol 1 and prenyl bromide (2a), trans-cinnamyl chloride (2b), and butenyl bromide under various conditions for the first time. It has been found that selectivity of the alkylation reactions of compound 1 depends on the reaction conditions (alkylating agent, solvent, and base). Synthesis of individual 1-methyl-2-prenylsulfanylimidazole (3a) (yielding 78–86 %), 1-methyl-2-cinnamylsulfanylimidazole (3b) (yielding 94–97 %), and 2-(3-butenyl)sulfanyl-1-methyl-imidazole (4) (yielding 33–75 %) has been carried out by alkylation of 1-methylimidazole-2-thiol 1 with prenyl bromide 2a, trans-cinnamyl chloride 2b, and butenyl bromide, respectively, in the following systems: i-PrOH–i-PrONa, K2CO3–Me2CO (for 3а), MeOH–MeONa, i-PrOH–i PrONa, K2CO3–Me2CO, K2CO3–MeCN and i-PrOH–i-PrOК (for 3b), MeOH–MeONa, i PrOH–i-PrONa, K2CO3–Me2CO, K2CO3–MeCN, i-PrOH–i-PrOК and КОН–H2O–BTEAC (for 4). The structure of the synthesized compounds 3a,b and 4 has been studied and proved by mass spectrometry (GC–MS), as well as ¹H, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. General predictable directions for fragmentation of the molecular ions of S-derivatives 3a,b and 4, which are accompanied by elimination of methyl/phenyl and thiol radicals, have been revealed. The evidence that alkylation reactions occur at the sulfur atom is the presence of signals for the –SCH2– protons in the region of 3.12–3.84 ppm in the 1Н NMR spectra of compounds 3a,b and 4. According to the 1Н NMR data, it has been found that alkylation of 1-methylmimidazole-2-thiol 1 at other conditions leads to formation of small quantities of by-products, such as N-alkenyl and S,N-dialkenyl derivatives, due to its thione-thiol tautomerism.
Action of an electron beam on crystals and films of aminium and ammonium salts
Authors:   N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Razov E. , Semenov V.
Published: November 2023

The results of studying the action of an electron beam on tetramethylethylenediamine nitrilotriacetate crystals [HMe2NCH2CH2NMe2H]2+[HN(CH2COOH)(CH2COO)2]2–, ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O, polymeric trihydrate of zinc nitrilotrimethylenephosphonate (ZnH4L•3H2O)n, lamellar crystals of 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)di(ethylamine) trifluoroacetate CF3C(O)O‒ +H3N(CH2CH2O)2CH2CH2NH3+ ‒O(O)CCF3 and films of the monoethanolamine salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [Н3NCH2CH2OH]2+[(OOCCH2)2NCH2CH2N(CH2COOH)2]2– are presented. A Tescan VEGA II electron microscope was used as an exposure tool. The microrelief was examined at magnifications from 500x to 50000x. The survey was carried out at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV and a working distance of 2–8 mm, using detectors of secondary electrons (SE) and backscattered electrons (BSE). A copper-nickel alloy and silicate glass were used as the substrate material for the films. Irradiation of crystals and films was carried out by an electron beam of various powers, forming an area 2020 μm in size. At low power, the area dimensions are strictly 2020 microns, the surface remains relatively flat. An increase in power or an increase in exposure while maintaining power causes an increase in size by 5 to 34 %. The maximum impact causes the formation of defects in the form of cracks, swellings, bubbles, holes, and craters. The elevation of the surface increases with increasing radiation dose.
Physico-chemical characteristics of Fe3O4/TiO2 and Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites synthesized by the hydrothermal peroxide method
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Gorshkov A. , Avdin V. , Uchaev D. , Morozov R. , Zvonarev A. , Plekhanova N.
Published: November 2023

In the present paper the composite materials based on Fe3O4/TiO2 and Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 ox-ides, synthesized by the hydrothermal peroxide method, were studied. At the first stage, magnet-ite nanoparticles were precipitated by ammonium hydroxide from a mixture of aqueous solutions of iron(II) sulfate and iron(III) chloride under continuous exposure to ultrasound, after which they were washed with distilled water. At the second stage, the resulting hydrated magnetite particles were stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by dispersing them under the action of ultrasound in a hot saturated aqueous PVA solution. At the third stage, the photocatalytically active particles based on titanium oxide were introduced into the composite by mixing the stabilized magnetite suspension with an aqueous solution of peroxotitanic acid (optionally introducing a sol of silicic acid), followed by hydrothermal treatment of the mixture at 180°C for 24 hours, washing, and drying under vacuum followed by calcination in a muffle furnace. The effect of the molar content of iron and titanium on the properties of the samples, the introduction of silicon dioxide into them, as well as various calcination temperatures, were studied. The photocatalytic properties of the synthesized samples during photodegradation of methyl orange and methylene blue, as well as their magnetic recovery from suspension, were studied. The physicochemical characterization of the samples was performed using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen sorption porosimetry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, thermal analysis (TG–DSC), combined with mass spectrometry of gaseous thermolysis products. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of composites exhibiting the best combination of photocatalytic and magnetic properties were determined. The resulting photocatalysts can be used to purify water from dyes, followed by extraction using a magnet
Features of thermolysis of Cr (III) aromatic carboxylates
Authors:   South Ural State University, Tolstoguzov D. , Zherebtsov D. , Smolyakova K. , Matveev K. , Dubinina E. , Khasanova G.
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the main methods for obtaining carbon composite nanomaterials and highlights the thermolysis method as one of the main methods. To understand the essence of thermal decomposition processes as a method for synthesis of carbon nanomaterials, chromium (III) aromatic carboxylates have been considered. These are chromium (III) 8-hydroxyquinolinate, benzoate, salicylate, phthalate, and p-aminobenzoate. The article thoroughly discusses the procedure for the synthesis of these chromium (III) carboxylates from the most common inorganic chromium (III) salts under simple conditions. The thermal decomposition process was carried out in two environments (in oxidizing air and neutral argon), the obtained products were compared. For a detailed study of the processes of decomposition of chromium (III) carboxylates, thermal analysis methods (TG and DSC) were used on a Netzsch 449 Jupiter synchronous thermal analyzer. To study the morphology and composition of the products, the methods of X-ray phase analysis, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence microanalysis were used. We used a Rigaku Ultima IV X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope with a Jeol JSM-7001F elemental microanalysis attachment. On the basis of the obtained results, the estimated formulas of the initial chromium (III) carboxylates were calculated. The mechanisms of the processes occurring during the thermal decomposition of chromium (III) aromatic carboxylates were also proposed. For a more accurate determination of the composition of the synthesized chromium (III) carboxylates and a more accurate description of the processes of thermal decomposition of these salts, the corresponding aromatic carboxylic acids were also subjected to thermal decomposition. The appendix to the article contains all the obtained data for a more accurate interpretation of the results and a more detailed description of the thermal decomposition processes.
ON SOME CLASSES OF INVERSE PARABOLIC PROBLEMS OF RECOVERING THE THERMOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS
Authors:   Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation, Pyatkov S.G. , Soldatov O.A.
Published: November 2023

In the article we examine the question of regular solvability in Sobolev spaces of parabolic inverse coefficient problems. A solution is sought in the class of regular solutions that has all derivatives occurring in the equation summable to some power. The overdetermination conditions are the values of a solution at some collection of points lying inside the domain. The proof is based on a priori estimates and the fixed point theorem.
EFFECTS OF BASIS SET SUPERPOSITION ERROR ON DFT MODEL OF C2N/GRAPHENE BILAYER
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Babailova D.V. , Alantev K.V. , Kaplun M.V. , Anikina E.V. , Nikonova T.Yu.
Published: November 2023

We investigated the structural and energetic properties of the C2N/graphene bilayer using the electron density functional theory. We compared two approaches for wave function decomposition: plane waves (PW) and localized pseudoatomic orbitals (PAOs). We showed that for the weakly bonded bilayer, it is essential to consider correction to the basis set superposition error in binding energy calculations and geometry optimization. Otherwise, the interlayer binding energy and layer separation could be overestimated by 45–90 % and underestimated by 4–12 %, respectively. Also, to have the quantitative agreement between PAOs and PW results, the atomic-like basis set should be optimized. Overall, calculated with dispersion corrections, the interlayer binding energy (0,17–0,22 J/m2) is of the van der Waals nature.