bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The politics of government ‘support’ in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Reinforcing and reproducing the poor citizenship of young Māori parents
Authors: Ware Felicity , Breheny Mary , Forster Margaret
Published: October 2016

Despite the poor outcomes of early childbearing increasingly found to be equivocal, there remains a persistent pathologising of teen parenting, which structures government response. By applying a Foucauldian analysis to the recently introduced Young Parent Payment, this article examines the political rationalities that shape government responses and welfare assistance for young parents in Aotearoa/New Zealand. A biopolitical concern for the good economic citizen and right parent is found to inform the social investment approach, and exclude those who do not conform. Discourses about being Māori, young, a parent and needing financial assistance frame young Māori parents as at risk of long-term welfare-dependency and a threat to their own children. Welfare assistance is demonstrated to be a disciplinary practice to punish young Māori mother beneficiaries for deviating from the preferred normative life-course trajectory.
Public libraries as facilitators of information services
Authors: Mugwisi Tinashe , Jiyane Glenrose Velile , Fombad Madeleine C.
Published: October 2016

Public libraries are important institutions to support access to information services. Many communities, especially in rural areas, cannot afford to access information services and rely on free libraries in their communities in their quest for information services. The need for libraries to serve multicultural information users should therefore be reflected in their attempts to provide access to information services in their communities. This article reports on a study of libraries as facilitators of access to information services in a developing context. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 24 conveniently selected librarians from 9 public libraries in Northern Library Region in the KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. Interviews were further conducted with 98 diverse information users who were randomly sampled during data collection. Findings indicate that public libraries provide diverse information services to learners, parents, general workers, students, women and young adults and children in their different age groups, occupations and general activities performed in their role of facilitating access to information services. These diverse users have diverse information needs, which create some challenges in the provision of information services. It was found that limited funding, shortage of skills and knowledge, technology and time, among others, are challenges limiting provision of information services in these libraries. Recruiting potential users, contesting for increased funding, lobbying for support, facilitation of technological training of skills are some recommendations made by this study.
Fibrin gel versus papain gel in the healing of chronic venous ulcers: A double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Araújo Illymack CF , Defune Elenice , Abbade Luciana PF , Miot Hélio A , Bertanha Matheus , de Carvalho Lídia R , Ferreira Rosana R , Yoshida Winston B
Published: October 2016

Objectives

Compare the efficacy and safety of fibrin gel to 8% papain gel for wound dressing of venous ulcers.

Method

Patients with chronic venous ulcers were randomly assigned to one in three groups: Group 1—fibrin gel; Group 2—8% papain gel; Group 3—carbopol gel (control). Patients were seen every 15 days during 2 months, verifying reduction of the ulcer area, local infection, exudation, and epithelization. All serious or nonserious adverse events were recorded.

Results

Fifty-five patients (total of 63 ulcers) were randomly distributed in three groups (G1 = 21; G2 = 19; G3 = 23). No patient was excluded or discontinued treatment throughout the study. The areas of the ulcers were similarly reduced in all groups (14.3%, 21.1%, and 30.4% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively), and all had significant reduction in exudation and contamination.

Conclusion

The data demonstrate that neither fibrin gel nor papain gel were able to improve the process of ulcer-healing, as compared to control.
Low-anxiety rats are more sensitive to amphetamine in comparison to high-anxiety rats
Authors: Lehner Małgorzata H , Taracha Ewa , Kaniuga Ewelina , Wisłowska-Stanek Aleksandra , Gryz Marek , Sobolewska Alicja , Turzyńska Danuta , Skórzewska Anna , Płaźnik Adam
Published: October 2016

This study utilised the two injection protocol of sensitisation (TIPS) and the conditioned place preference test to validate and extend previous findings on the effects of amphetamine on positive reinforcement-related 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalisation (USV) in rats. We also examined changes in the expression of c-Fos and the NMDA receptor 2B (GluN2B) subunit, markers of neuronal activity and plasticity, in brain regions of rats in response to TIPS. We used low anxiety-responsive (LR) and high anxiety-responsive (HR) rats, which are known to exhibit different fear-conditioned response strengths, different susceptibilities to amphetamine in the TIPS procedure and different amphetamine-dependent 50 kHz USV responses. The LR rats, compared to the HR rats, not only vocalised much more intensely but also spent significantly more time in the amphetamine-paired compartment. After the second dose of amphetamine, the LR rats exhibited more c-Fos and GluN2B activation in layers II and III of the M1/M2 motor cortex area and prefrontal cortex (PRE, PRL, IL) and also presented with more GluN2B activation in the basal amygdala. These data reveal that HR and LR rats exhibit different levels of reactivity in the cortical-limbic pathway, which controls reward-related motivational processes. These findings contribute to the general hypothesis that heterogeneity in emotional processes is one of the causes of sensitisation to amphetamine and drug addiction.
The ICCAM platform study: An experimental medicine platform for evaluating new drugs for relapse prevention in addiction. Part B: fMRI description
Authors: McGonigle John , Murphy Anna , Paterson Louise M , Reed Laurence J , Nestor Liam , Nash Jonathan , Elliott Rebecca , Ersche Karen D , Flechais Remy SA , Newbould Rexford , Orban Csaba , Smith Dana G , Taylor Eleanor M , Waldman Adam D , Robbins Trevor W , Deakin JF William , Nutt David J , Lingford-Hughes Anne R , Suckling John ,   ICCAM Platform
Published: October 2016

Objectives:

We aimed to set up a robust multi-centre clinical fMRI and neuropsychological platform to investigate the neuropharmacology of brain processes relevant to addiction – reward, impulsivity and emotional reactivity. Here we provide an overview of the fMRI battery, carried out across three centres, characterizing neuronal response to the tasks, along with exploring inter-centre differences in healthy participants.

Experimental design:

Three fMRI tasks were used: monetary incentive delay to probe reward sensitivity, go/no-go to probe impulsivity and an evocative images task to probe emotional reactivity. A coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was carried out for the reward and impulsivity tasks to help establish region of interest (ROI) placement. A group of healthy participants was recruited from across three centres (total n=43) to investigate inter-centre differences.

Principle observations:

The pattern of response observed for each of the three tasks was consistent with previous studies using similar paradigms. At the whole brain level, significant differences were not observed between centres for any task.

Conclusions:

In developing this platform we successfully integrated neuroimaging data from three centres, adapted validated tasks and applied whole brain and ROI approaches to explore and demonstrate their consistency across centres.
Olfactory Training Using Heavy and Light Weight Molecule Odors
Authors: Poletti Sophia C. , Michel Elisabeth , Hummel Thomas
Published: October 2016

Background

Repeated short-term exposure to odors is known to improve olfaction in patients with acquired olfactory dysfunction. The aim was to find out whether differences in molecular weight of odors used for olfactory training influences olfaction. We hypothesized a greater improvement following training with light weight molecule (LWM) odors.

Methods

A prospective study was performed in patients with posttraumatic (PTOL) and postviral olfactory loss (PVOL). Olfactory training was performed over a period of 5 months. One group ( n = 48) used four odors containing heavy weight molecules (HWM; >150 g/mol) and another ( n = 48) containing LWM (<150 g/mol). Olfaction was tested before and after the training using the Sniffin’ Sticks test.

Results

Olfactory training was associated with olfactory improvement, with the improvement in PVOL patients being three times greater than that seen in the PTOL group. Compared with LWM training, HWM training was associated with a significantly greater improvement in Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol (PEA) threshold scores in PVOL patients; however, no such improvement could be shown for other subtests or in PTOL patients.

Conclusion

Overall, training was associated with olfactory improvement. With the exception of threshold scores in PVOL, there were no significant differences between LWM and HWM groups.
Screening for the metabolic syndrome in subjects with migraine
Authors: Streel Sylvie , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Dardenne Nadia , Hoge Axelle , Albert Adelin , Schoenen Jean , Guillaume Michèle
Published: October 2016

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and migraine are known to be associated. This study assessed the risk of MetS and its clinical characteristics in migraine with aura (MA) and without aura (MO) based on a large-scale cross-sectional survey.

Methods

The study material consisted of 751 participants in the Nutrition, Environment and CardioVascular Health (NESCaV) survey. Diagnosis of migraine was based on the ef-ID migraine questionnaire and MetS was defined according to the Revised-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Sociodemographic and risk factors were also recorded. Weighted logistic regression was used to assess the risk of MetS.

Results

After adjusting for stratification (gender, age, district) and other factors (smoking status, sedentary lifestyle, family history of stroke, myocardial infarction and hypertension), MA subjects were at higher risk of MetS (OR 3.45; 95% CI: 1.63–7.29) while MO individuals were not, when compared to non-migraineurs. When considering MetS components, MA was positively associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR 2.26; 95% CI: 1.08–4.74), hyperglycemia (OR 2.77; 95% CI: 1.30–5.88) and abdominal obesity (OR 2.03; 95% CI: 1.07–3.86).

Conclusion

Migraineurs with aura are at higher risk of MetS, suggesting that these subjects, already more exposed to stroke, may benefit from a systematic screening for the metabolic syndrome.
Unlocking social puzzles
Authors: Vale Peter
Published: October 2016

In this wide-ranging interview, the historian Charles van Onselen discusses his recent book, Showdown at the Red Lion: The Life and Times of Jack McLoughlin, 1959–1910 against the backdrop of his previous work. He explores social formation and the consolidation of state-power in southern Africa through the empirical optic of social banditry and the role of individual outliers. The theoretical framing is drawn from historical sociology. The role of political authority across the Indian Ocean, particularly in Australia, is also considered, as is the rise of technology, the role of the Irish and the place of masculinity in the project of Empire building. The exchange also touches briefly on civil-military relations in contemporary Africa and on inter-disciplinarity in graduate studies.
Ukraine and Europe
Authors: Wolczuk Kataryna
Published: October 2016

This article applies the concept of the boundary of order to examine the multi-faceted and complex relations between the EU and Ukraine. The focus is on geopolitical, institutional/legal and cultural boundaries in order to conceptualize the EU’s reluctant engagement with Ukraine. Yet, notwithstanding the EU’s refusal to offer Ukraine membership, it softened the legal boundary to placate Ukraine’s demand for inclusion. Furthermore, the cultural boundary has become blurred through references to Europe as a discursive benchmark of ‘normality’ in Ukraine, and Ukraine’s Europeanness as evidenced in its support for so-called European values. Overall, it is argued that different boundaries are subject to conflicting dynamics and that Russia has, inadvertently, contributed to a diminution of the boundaries between the EU and Ukraine.
Does Gun Control Reduce Violent Crime?
Authors: Kleck Gary , Kovandzic Tomislav , Bellows Jon
Published: October 2016

Do gun control laws reduce violence? To answer this question, a city-level cross-sectional analysis was performed on data pertaining to every U.S. city with a population of at least 25,000 in 1990 ( n = 1,078), assessing the impact of 19 major types of gun control laws, and controlling for gun ownership levels and numerous other possible confounders. Models were estimated using instrumental variables (IVs) regression to address endogeneity of gun levels due to reverse causality. Results indicate that gun control laws generally show no evidence of effects on crime rates, possibly because gun levels do not have a net positive effect on violence rates. Although a minority of laws seem to show effects, they are as likely to imply violence-increasing effects as violence-decreasing effects. There were, however, a few noteworthy exceptions: requiring a license to possess a gun and bans on purchases of guns by alcoholics appear to reduce rates of both homicide and robbery. Weaker evidence suggests that bans on gun purchases by criminals and on possession by mentally ill persons may reduce assault rates, and that bans on gun purchase by criminals may also reduce robbery rates.
“Us Against Them” or “All Humans Are Equal”: Intergroup Attitudes and Perceived Parental Socialization of Muslim Immigrant and Native Dutch Youth
Authors: van Bergen Diana D. , de Ruyter Doret J. , Pels Trees V. M.
Published: October 2016

Intergroup attitudes of Muslim immigrant youth and native youth in the Netherlands were examined in relation to perceived parental socialization. Our aim was to gain insights into parent-child (dis)similarity in antagonistic and egalitarian attitudes and to understand differences between these two groups in this respect. Data come from qualitative interviews with 22 Turkish Dutch, Moroccan Dutch, and native Dutch youth (aged 16-22) who were prone either to intergroup antagonism (i.e., held hostile and negative attitudes toward out-groups) or to egalitarianism (held egalitarian attitudes). Interviews were analyzed using the constant comparison method. Results show that in the majority youth group, egalitarianism as well as intergroup antagonism were quite comparable across two generations. The attitudes of Muslim minority youth diverged more from those of their parents and appeared to be related to the pedagogic relationship between parents and children. Minority youth prone to antagonism perceived a lack of adequate parental responses to their negative experiences in the context of Islamophobia. Egalitarian minority youth reported that their parents were quite sensitive to their communications about perceived exclusion and that they responded with advice and support. Findings are discussed with reference to the social learning theory and the ethnic socialization strategies identified by Hughes et al.
Differential Phasing between Circadian Clocks in the Brain and Peripheral Organs in Humans
Authors: Hughey Jacob J. , Butte Atul J.
Published: October 2016

The daily timing of mammalian physiology is coordinated by circadian clocks throughout the body. Although measurements of clock gene expression indicate that these clocks in mice are normally in phase with each other, the situation in humans remains unclear. We used publicly available data from five studies, comprising over 1000 samples, to compare the phasing of circadian gene expression in human brain and human blood. Surprisingly, after controlling for age, clock gene expression in brain was phase-delayed by ~8.5 h relative to that of blood. We then examined clock gene expression in two additional human organs and in organs from nine other mammalian species, as well as in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In most tissues outside the SCN, the expression of clock gene orthologs showed a phase difference of ~12 h between diurnal and nocturnal species. The exception to this pattern was human brain, whose phasing resembled that of the SCN. Our results highlight the value of a multi-tissue, multi-species meta-analysis, and have implications for our understanding of the human circadian system.
Hyaluronidase Injection to Precisely Correct the “Bottoming Out” Effect Following the HA Filler Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kim Peter , Wong Chi Hong
Published: October 2016

Repeated hyaluronic acid (HA) filler rhinoplasty can produce “bottoming out” effect. This effect produces cosmetically displeasing widening of the dorsal aesthetic line. This article demonstrates use of Hyalase to recreate a cosmetically satisfying dorsal aesthetic line.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure 7 Years After an Indoor Smoke-Free Law
Authors: St. Claire Ann W. , Amato Michael S. , Boyle Raymond G. , Rode Peter , Kinney Ann M.
Published: October 2016

Purpose:

To examine locations of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among nonsmokers, 7 years after a statewide smoke-free policy.

Design:

Data collected via statewide, random digit dial telephone survey. Response rates were 64.7% for landline and 73.5% for cell phone.

Setting:

Minnesota, 2014.

Participants:

Representative sample of 7887 nonsmoking adults.

Measures:

Self-reported locations of SHS exposure and opinions on smoke-free restrictions.

Analysis:

Descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Results:

A total of 35.5% of nonsmokers reported SHS exposure in the past 7 days. The greatest proportion of exposure occurred in community settings (31.7%) followed by cars (6.9%) and in the home (3.2%). Young adults were more likely to be exposed in a home or car than older adults. Nonsmokers living with a smoker were 39.6 (20.6-75.8) times more likely to be exposed to SHS in their home and 5.3 (4.1-6.8) times more likely to be exposed in a car, compared to those who did not live with a smoker.

Conclusion:

SHS exposure continues after comprehensive smoke-free policies restricted it from public places. Disparities in exposure rates exist for those who live with a smoker, are young, and have low incomes. Findings suggest the need for additional policies that will have the greatest public health benefit.
The Prisonized Old Head: Intergenerational Socialization and the Fusion of Ghetto and Prison Culture
Authors: Stuart Forrest , Miller Reuben Jonathan
Published: October 2016

Over the last four decades, the United States’ criminal justice system has undergone a historic expansion, which has disproportionately impacted poor urban neighborhoods. The meteoric rise in the percentage of the urban poor either on their way to, in, or recently released from jail or prison has led a number of scholars to theorize a “fusion of ghetto and prison culture” (Wacquant 2001). The exact sources and contours of this fusion, however, remain unspecified. How, concretely, are the cultural contexts of prisons transmitted to poor urban neighborhoods? This article proposes that intergenerational socialization is a key mechanism in this process. We contend that the dramatic expansion of the criminal justice system over the last four decades has given rise to an unexpected and peculiar form of socialization, provided by a new social actor—what we term the “prisonized old head.” We define the prisonized old head as an individual who exhibits three particular characteristics. They are (1) older individuals with extensive experiences in, and wisdom about, the criminal justice system; who (2) informally socialize neighborhood residents to embrace the cultural schemas and routines learned inside penal spaces; to (3) navigate the daily exigencies routinely faced in the neighborhood context. Stated simply, prisonized old heads leverage ways of life developed “on the inside” as strategies for living life “on the outside.” We articulate the emergence, mechanisms, and implications of this form of socialization drawing on fieldwork data in Los Angeless’ Skid Row neighborhood—one of the premier reentry communities in the United States. We show that although this socialization may contribute to desistance and self-transformation, it can simultaneously constrain upward mobility and limit reintegration.
Potential forcing mechanisms of Holocene lake-level changes at Nam Co, Tibetan Plateau: Inferred from the stable isotopic composition of shells of the gastropod Radix
Authors: Chen Feng , Feng Jin-Liang , Hu Hai-Ping , Zhang Ji-Feng , Gao Shao-Peng , Liu Xiao-Ming
Published: October 2016

The timing of lake-level fluctuations on the Tibetan Plateau and their relationship with climatic changes is still under debate, and the main reason for this is the lack of suitable archives for reconstructing the paleohydrology and paleoclimatology of the lakes. Here, we present the results of analyses of the shell geochemistry of Radix sp. from an exposed terrace of Nam Co lake on the south-central Tibetan Plateau. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating reveals that deep-water lacustrine sediments formed between ca. 4.4 and 2.2 ka, suggesting a high and stable lake level significantly above the present. The results of Sr/Ca, δ13C and δ18O analyses of the fossil shells of Radix sp. indicate that during the mid- to late-Holocene, lake-level variations in Nam Co were mainly controlled by variations in the Indian Summer Monsoon. A trend of decreasing evaporation also played an important role. Comparison with other results suggests a consistent pattern of mid- to late-Holocene lake-level changes across a large area of the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions to the south, which had a similar causal mechanism. Finally, our results indicate that fossil shells of the gastropod Radix sp. of the lakes on the Tibetan Plateau are a valuable archive for reconstructing the regional paleohydrology and paleoclimatology.
Gestational weight gain in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Eudy A M , Siega-Riz A M , Engel S M , Franceschini N , Howard A G , Clowse M E B , Petri M
Published: October 2016

Objective

The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus meeting Institute of Medicine guidelines for gestational weight gain and determine correlates of adherence to guidelines.

Methods

Singleton, live births in the Hopkins Lupus Pregnancy Cohort 1987–2015 were included. Pre-pregnancy weight was the weight recorded 12 months prior to pregnancy/first trimester. Final weight was the last weight recorded in the third trimester. Adherence to Institute of Medicine guidelines (inadequate, adequate, or excessive) was based on pre-pregnancy body mass index. Fisher’s exact test and analysis of variance determined factors associated with not meeting guidelines. Stepwise selection estimated predictors of gestational weight gain.

Results

Of the 211 pregnancies, 34%, 24% and 42% had inadequate, adequate and excessive gestational weight gain, respectively. In exploratory analyses, differences in Institute of Medicine adherence were observed by pre-pregnancy body mass index, race, elevated creatinine during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy blood pressure. Odds of inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain increased 12% with each 1 kg/m2 increase in pre-pregnancy body mass index. Lower maternal education was associated with increased odds of inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain.

Conclusions

As in the general population, most women with systemic lupus erythematosus did not meet Institute of Medicine guidelines. Our results identified predictors of gestational weight gain to aid in targeted interventions to improve guideline adherence in this population.
Heart Failure Therapy in 2016
Authors: Jennings Douglas L.
Published: October 2016

Heart failure (HF) continues to afflict millions of Americans, resulting in substantial clinical and economic burden to our society. Recent literature has highlighted the role of 2 novel therapies (an angiotensin receptor blocker/neprilysin inhibitor and ivabradine) in further reducing residual disease in HF. Simultaneously, evidence has mounted suggesting that older therapies like digoxin are not effective in contemporary practice and, in fact, may be harmful. This editorial summarizes the most recently published articles pertaining to both new and old HF therapies and provides a call to action to pharmacists on how to shift patients toward effective drug regimens.
Factor VII Deficiency: From Basics to Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Patient Management
Authors: Sevenet Pierre-Olivier , Kaczor Daniel A. , Depasse Francois
Published: October 2016

Factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a rare inheritable bleeding disorder affecting 1/500 000 individuals. Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous, from asymptomatic to severe and potentially fatal bleeding. These clinical manifestations do not correlate well with FVII plasma levels. For this reason, FVII-deficient patient management during surgery or for long-term prophylaxis remains challenging. Laboratory testing for FVII activity is, however, the first-line method for FVII deficiency diagnosis and is helpful for managing patients in combination with clinical history. Additional testing consists of FVII immunoassay and genetic testing. Genetic abnormalities on the FVII gene are heterogeneous and can translate into quantitative or qualitative defects. Some of the latter can react differently with different thromboplastins; this can be misleading for the laboratory as no consensus exists at present on an FVII deficiency diagnosis methodology. Indeed, no single test is able to predict accurately the bleeding risk. This review provides a broad picture of inherited and acquired FVII deficiency with a particular focus on laboratory diagnosis.
The Future of Home Health Care
Authors: Landers Steven , Madigan Elizabeth , Leff Bruce , Rosati Robert J. , McCann Barbara A. , Hornbake Rodney , MacMillan Richard , Jones Kate , Bowles Kathryn , Dowding Dawn , Lee Teresa , Moorhead Tracey , Rodriguez Sally , Breese Erica
Published: October 2016

The Future of Home Health project sought to support transformation of home health and home-based care to meet the needs of patients in the evolving U.S. health care system. Interviews with key thought leaders and stakeholders resulted in key themes about the future of home health care. By synthesizing this qualitative research, a literature review, case studies, and the themes from a 2014 Institute of Medicine and National Research Council workshop on “The Future of Home Health Care,” the authors articulate a vision for home-based care and recommend a bold framework for the Medicare-certified home health agency of the future. The authors also identify challenges and recommendations for achievement of this framework.
Comparative procedural traditions
Authors: Ryan Andrea
Published: October 2016

Diverse criminal procedural traditions across Europe are undergoing a process of being drawn to gether by two strong forces: the EU Area of Freedom, Security and Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. Increasingly, Member States are reforming their criminal procedural systems to take account of the developments in both arenas. Since 2003, Poland has been amending its Code of Criminal Procedure in an effort to make it more ‘adversarial’. A recent reform, the strongest move yet towards developing an adversarial system, came into force in July 2015. The 2015 reform introduces procedures that look adversarial. The reforms in this jurisdiction, and indeed those of other Member States, towards a more ‘adversarial’ system challenge us (again!) to examine what we understand by ‘adversarial’, whether it is understood differently from the common law perspective versus the Continental (so-called ‘inquisitorial’) perspective and whether, if so, the convergence of procedural traditions is more imagined than real. The article will approach this question taking Poland as an example, drawing comparisons between its approach and that of Italy, and using Ireland as exemplar of the common law adversarial procedural tradition. It traces the reforms to Poland’s criminal procedure and questions whether it can really be described as ‘adversarial’.
“So Much of This Story Could Be Me”: Men’s Use of Support in Online Infertility Discussion Boards
Authors: Richard Jeremie , Badillo-Amberg Icoquih , Zelkowitz Phyllis
Published: October 2016

Past research has suggested that social support can reduce the negative psychological consequences associated with infertility. Online discussion boards (ODBs) appear to be a novel and valuable venue for men with fertility problems to acquire support from similar others. Research has not employed a social support framework to classify the types of support men are offered and receive. Using template, content, and thematic analysis, this study sought to identify what types of social support men seek and receive on online infertility discussion boards while exploring how men having fertility problems use appraisal support to assist other men. One hundred and ninety-nine unique users were identified on two online infertility discussion boards. Four types of social support (appraisal, emotional, informational, and instrumental) were evident on ODBs, with appraisal support (36%) being used most often to support other men. Within appraisal support, five themes were identified that showed how men communicate this type of support to assist other men: “At the end of the day, we’re all emotionally exhausted”; “So much of this could be me, infertility happens more than you think”; “I’ve also felt like the worst husband in the world”; “It’s just something that nobody ever talks about so it’s really shocking to hear”; “I say this as a man, you’re typing my thoughts exactly.” These findings confirm how ODBs can be used as a potential medium to expand one’s social network and acquire support from people who have had a similar experience.
Don’t Change Much
Authors: Krueger H. , Goldenberg S. L. , Koot J. , Andres E.
Published: October 2016

Few studies have assessed differences in the prevalence of and economic burden attributable to tobacco smoking, excess weight, physical inactivity, and alcohol use by gender. This article examines these gender differences in Canadians between the ages of 30 and 64 years. It also estimates the potential cost avoidance if the prevalence of the four risk factors (RFs) were reduced modestly in males. Data on the prevalence of the RFs and the relative risk of disease associated with each of the RFs were combined to calculate population-attributable fractions. A prevalence-based cost-of-illness approach was used to estimate the economic burden associated with the four RFs. Middle-aged Canadian males are more likely to smoke tobacco (26.4% vs. 20.2%), consume hazardous or harmful levels of alcohol (14.6% vs. 8.2%), and have excess weight (65.6% vs. 47.1%) than middle-aged Canadian females, resulting in an annual economic burden that is 27% higher in males than females. No significant differences were observed in the proportion of males who are physically inactive (48.4% vs. 49.4%). Modelling only a 1% annual relative reduction each year through to 2036 would result in a cumulative cost avoidance between 2013 and 2036 of $50.7 billion. The differences in RF prevalence between middle-aged males and females have an important effect on the population’s economic burden. A modest annual reduction in the four RFs in males can significantly affect population health and the economy over time.
Quantitative assessment of parent vessel and distal intracranial hemodynamics following pipeline flow diversion
Authors: Shakur Sophia F , Aletich Victor A , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Hussein Ahmed E , Charbel Fady T , Alaraj Ali
Published: October 2016

Background

Pipeline embolization devices (PEDs) are commonly used for endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms but can be associated with delayed ipsilateral intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Although intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic changes have been studied, parent vessel and intracranial hemodynamics after PED use are unknown. We examine the impact of flow diversion on parent artery and distal intracranial hemodynamics.

Method

Patients with internal carotid cerebral aneurysms treated with PED who had flow volume rate, flow velocities, pulsatility index, resistance index, Lindegaard ratio, and wall shear stress (WSS) obtained after treatment using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography were reviewed. Means were compared between ipsilateral and contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) using paired t tests.

Results

A total of 18 patients were included. Mean flow volume rate was lower in the ipsilateral versus contralateral ICA ( p = 0.04) but tended to be higher in the ipsilateral versus contralateral MCA ( p = 0.08). Lindegaard ratio was higher ipsilateral to the PED in diastole ( p = 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in flow velocities, pulsatility or resistance indices, and WSS, the two cases in our cohort with hemorrhagic complications did display significant changes in MCA flows and MCA WSS.

Conclusion

PED placement appears to alter the elasticity of the stented ICA segment, with lower flows in the ipsilateral versus contralateral ICA. Conversely, MCA flows and MCA WSS are higher in the ipsilateral MCA among patients with hemorrhage after PED placement, suggesting the role of disrupted distal hemodynamics in delayed ipsilateral intraparenchymal hemorrhage.
Pay-for-performance remuneration for pharmacist prescribers’ management of hypertension
Authors: Houle Sherilyn K. D. , Charrois Theresa L. , McAlister Finlay A. , Kolber Michael R. , Rosenthal Meagen M. , Lewanczuk Richard , Campbell Norman R. C. , Tsuyuki Ross T.
Published: October 2016

Background:

To be sustainable, pharmacists providing direct patient care must receive appropriate payment for these services. This prespecified substudy of the RxACTION trial (a randomized trial of pharmacist prescribing vs usual care in patients with above-target blood pressure [BP]) aimed to determine if BP reduction achieved differed between patients whose pharmacist was paid by pay-for-performance (P4P) vs fee-for-service (FFS).

Methods:

Within RxACTION, patients with elevated BP assigned to the pharmacist prescribing group were further randomized to P4P or FFS payment for the pharmacist. In FFS, pharmacists received $150 for the initial visit and $75 for follow-up visits. P4P included FFS payments plus incentives of $125 and $250 for each patient who reached 50% and 100% of the BP target, respectively. The primary outcome was difference in change in systolic BP between P4P and FFS groups.

Results:

A total of 89 patients were randomized to P4P and 92 to the FFS group. Patients’ average (SD) age was 63.0 (13.2) years, 49% were male and 76% were on antihypertensive drug therapy at baseline, taking a median of 2 (interquartile range = 1) medications. Mean systolic BP reductions in the P4P and FFS groups were 19.7 (SD = 18.4) vs 17.0 (SD = 16.4) mmHg, respectively ( p = 0.47 for the comparison of deltas and p = 0.29 after multivariate adjustment).

Conclusions:

This trial of pharmacist prescribing found substantial reductions in systolic BP among poorly controlled hypertensive individuals but with no appreciable difference when pharmacists were paid by P4P vs FFS.
Pattern of recovery after open reduction and internal fixation of proximal phalangeal fractures in the finger: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Miller L. , Ada L. , Crosbie J. , Wajon A.
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of recovery after open reduction and internal fixation of proximal phalangeal fractures. A prospective longitudinal study of 66 patients who started rehabilitation within 1 week of fixation was undertaken. Measures of the level of impairment (range of motion, pain, strength), activity limitation (hand use) and return to work were collected at Weeks 1, 6, 12 and 26 after operation. Before starting rehabilitation, although pain was minimal, the range of motion was severely restricted and there was considerable restriction in ability to work. Most of the recovery in range of motion, pain, strength, hand use and work participation occurred by Week 6, with smaller gains by Week 12 and Week 26.

Level of evidence: III
Completeness of cancer registry data in a small Iranian province: A capture–recapture approach
Authors: Fararouei Mohammad , Marzban Maryam , Shahraki Gholamhossein
Published: October 2016

Background and Objective:

The incidence of cancer is rising in Iran, and hence it is important to assess the accuracy of the Iranian cancer registry dataset. In this study, the completeness of the cancer registry in the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad (K&B) province is evaluated.

Method:

The data of registered cases of cancer of people who were living in the K&B province at the time of diagnosis were obtained from the provincial cancer registry offices in K&B, Fars and all other neighbouring provinces. A capture–recapture method along with log-linear statistical modelling were used for analysis.

Results:

The results indicated that of 2029 known cases of cancer, only 1400 (31%) were registered by the K&B cancer registry office. Age-adjusted incidence rates for all common types of cancer rose from 307.0 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval (CI); 293.8, 320.3, based on observed cases) to 376.4 per 100,000 (95% CI; 361.7, 391.1, based on expected number of cases estimated by capture–recapture analysis) ( p < 0.01). The completeness of cancer registry data varied significantly for different types of cancer.

Conclusion:

Results suggest that the provincial cancer dataset, which is a part of the national cancer registry programme, is neither complete nor representative. A major improvement in case finding, registry procedures and effective data sharing by provincial cancer registry offices is needed in order to provide valid data for epidemiology of cancer in Iran.
How can hospitals better protect the privacy of electronic medical records? Perspectives from staff members of health information management departments
Authors: Sher Ming-Ling , Talley Paul C , Cheng Tain-Junn , Kuo Kuang-Ming
Published: October 2016

Purpose:

The adoption of electronic medical records (EMR) is expected to better improve overall healthcare quality and to offset the financial pressure of excessive administrative burden. However, safeguarding EMR against potentially hostile security breaches from both inside and outside healthcare facilities has created increased patients’ privacy concerns from all sides. The aim of our study was to examine the influencing factors of privacy protection for EMR by healthcare professionals.

Method:

We used survey methodology to collect questionnaire responses from staff members in health information management departments among nine Taiwanese hospitals active in EMR utilisation. A total of 209 valid responses were collected in 2014. We used partial least squares for analysing the collected data.

Results:

Perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy and cues to action were found to have a significant association with intention to protect EMR privacy, while perceived susceptibility and perceived severity were not.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings obtained, we suggest that hospitals should provide continuous ethics awareness training to relevant staff and design more effective strategies for improving the protection of EMR privacy in their charge. Further practical and research implications are also discussed.
An unexpected rash with gastroenteritis: erythema multiforme associated with campylobacter infection
Authors: Tan Joon Heng , Healy Liam , Yap Kristel , Mandal Aditya
Published: October 2016

We present the first documented case of erythema multiforme following campylobacter gastroenteritis.
Brand Personality and Self Congruence in Laptop Computers
Authors: Rathod Mansi R. , Patel Naresh K. , Koul Akash S.
Published: October 2016

To make the success of the brand in the market, basic and one of the most important elements is the “positioning”. For right positioning of the brand in the mind of the customers, study of the consumer behavior is essential. This study includes laptop industry and end users of the laptop brand. The major focus of the study is search for the answer of the question: “Do people buy the laptop brand which resembles their own personality?” In search of the answer, so many literatures have been studied. Aaker (1997) has developed scale “Dimensions of the Brand Personality” and Malhotra (1981) has developed scale to measure Self-concept, Person concepts, and product concepts. According to him the same scales which we are using to measure brand-image can be used to measure self-image. For the study both literature taken as base with others to identify the congruence between the brand personality and user’s own personality correlation analysis have been used. To support this major finding, brand-wise correlation analysis, analysis of variance, and LSD test have been used. It identify there is an association between the role of gender and the laptop own for which the test has been performed.
miR-125b controls monocyte adaptation to inflammation through mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics
Authors: Duroux-Richard Isabelle , Roubert Christine , Ammari Meryem , Présumey Jessy , Grün Joachim R. , Häupl Thomas , Grützkau Andreas , Lecellier Charles-Henri , Boitez Valérie , Codogno Patrice , Escoubet Johanna , Pers Yves-Marie , Jorgensen Christian , Apparailly Florence
Published: October 2016

Key Points

miR-125b reduces mitochondrial respiration and promotes elongation of mitochondrial network through BIK and MTP18 silencing, respectively. The miR-125b/BIK/MTP18 axis promotes adaptation of monocytes to inflammation.
Strict in vivo specificity of the Bcl11a erythroid enhancer
Authors: Smith Elenoe C. , Luc Sidinh , Croney Donyell M. , Woodworth Mollie B. , Greig Luciano C. , Fujiwara Yuko , Nguyen Minh , Sher Falak , Macklis Jeffrey D. , Bauer Daniel E. , Orkin Stuart H.
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Deletion of the erythroid enhancer of Bcl11a from the mouse genome does not affect viability or Bcl11a expression in nonerythroid lineages. Elevated levels of γ-globin in Bcl11a enhancer–deleted mice are comparable to those in erythroid-specific Bcl11a gene knockout mice.
Seismic Damage Indicating Parameters at Nuclear Power Plants Affected by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake and Plant Shutdown Criteria
Authors: Grant Fred F. , Tang Yuchuan , Hardy Greg S. , Kassawara Robert
Published: October 2016

A rational and quantitative shutdown criterion is required for a nuclear power plant in response to seismic shaking to determine whether the plant must be shut down for inspection. The shutdown criterion is generally defined in terms of seismic damage indicating parameters. This paper presents seismic damage indicating parameters of the recorded free-field and in-structure motions at the Onagawa, Fukushima Daiichi, Fukushima Daini, and Tokai Daini nuclear power plants during the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake. The observed seismic damage indicating parameters largely exceed the current U.S. and Japan shutdown thresholds for nuclear power plants, while minimal damage due to ground shaking was observed at the four Japanese plants. These observations indicate a potential for raising the current threshold without introducing any significant additional seismic risk to nuclear power plants. The insights presented in this paper can be used to guide regulation and industry methods for quickly evaluating the damage potential of future earthquakes that affect nuclear power plants. With some adjustment, a similar methodology and criterion could be applied to conventional structures and lifeline infrastructure.
Understanding how animal groups achieve coordinated movement
Authors: Herbert-Read J. E.
Published: October 2016

Moving animal groups display remarkable feats of coordination. This coordination is largely achieved when individuals adjust their movement in response to their neighbours' movements and positions. Recent advancements in automated tracking technologies, including computer vision and GPS, now allow researchers to gather large amounts of data on the movements and positions of individuals in groups. Furthermore, analytical techniques from fields such as statistical physics now allow us to identify the precise interaction rules used by animals on the move. These interaction rules differ not only between species, but also between individuals in the same group. These differences have wide-ranging implications, affecting how groups make collective decisions and driving the evolution of collective motion. Here, I describe how trajectory data can be used to infer how animals interact in moving groups. I give examples of the similarities and differences in the spatial and directional organisations of animal groups between species, and discuss the rules that animals use to achieve this organisation. I then explore how groups of the same species can exhibit different structures, and ask whether this results from individuals adapting their interaction rules. I then examine how the interaction rules between individuals in the same groups can also differ, and discuss how this can affect ecological and evolutionary processes. Finally, I suggest areas of future research.
Voltage-gated calcium channels ofParameciumcilia
Authors: Lodh Sukanya , Yano Junji , Valentine Megan S. , Van Houten Judith L.
Published: October 2016

Paramecium cells swim by beating their cilia, and make turns by transiently reversing their power stroke. Reversal is caused by Ca2+ entering the cilium through voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels that are found exclusively in the cilia. As ciliary Ca2+ levels return to normal, the cell pivots and swims forward in a new direction. Thus, the activation of the CaV channels causes cells to make a turn in their swimming paths. For 45 years, the physiological characteristics of the Paramecium ciliary CaV channels have been known, but the proteins were not identified until recently, when the P. tetraurelia ciliary membrane proteome was determined. Three CaVα1 subunits that were identified among the proteins were cloned and confirmed to be expressed in the cilia. We demonstrate using RNA interference that these channels function as the ciliary CaV channels that are responsible for the reversal of ciliary beating. Furthermore, we show that Pawn (pw) mutants of Paramecium that cannot swim backward for lack of CaV channel activity do not express any of the three CaV1 channels in their ciliary membrane, until they are rescued from the mutant phenotype by expression of the wild-type PW gene. These results reinforce the correlation of the three CaV channels with backward swimming through ciliary reversal. The PwB protein, found in endoplasmic reticulum fractions, co-immunoprecipitates with the CaV1c channel and perhaps functions in trafficking. The PwA protein does not appear to have an interaction with the channel proteins but affects their appearance in the cilia.