bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and pathophysiological features of traumatic stenosis of the right main bronchus: Case report
Authors: Stanic Vojkan , Vulovic Tatjana , Djordjevic Gordana , Durkovic Savo , Stamenovic Davor , Maric Nebojsa
Published: July 2008

Introduction Severe blunt injury of the chest can cause rupture of the tracheobronchial tree. After completed management of the injury, stenosis of the bronchi may develop at the site of the rupture. Such condition is associated with pathophysiolocical disorders, which then indicates to the possible presence of the bronchial stenosis. Case report We report a patient with stenosis of the right main bronchus due to blunt injury sustained in a traffic accident. We present all pathophysiological signs detected during examination. The patient had dyspnea, cianosis, tachycardia, low oxygen saturation and low pO2. We performed right thoracothomy and resection of the main bronchus with TT anastomosis. Conclusion It is very useful to understand the described pathophysiological signs so as to ensure rapid diagnosis of stenosis, but also better and timely solving of problems that can occur during thoracothomy.
Axial length of the eye in the first three years of life in children with congenital cataract in one or both eyes
Authors: Marjanovic Ivan , Stefanovic Ivan , Vlajkovic Gordana
Published: July 2008

INTRODUCTION Ultrasound has an important role in the diagnostics of the posterior segment of the eye, when clinical examination is not possible. One of problems is congenital cataract. Using ultrasound biometry it is possible to measure the axial length of the eye in all ages and axial growth from the very beginning to its termination. OBJECTIVE To ratify growth of the infant?s eye with and without congenital cataract, and to determine the accuracy of ultrasound measuring with and without general anesthesia. METHOD In our study we analyzed 30 patients (48 eyes) who had congenital cataract in one or both eyes (observed group) and 20 patients (40 eyes) in whom no eye disease was diagnosed (control group). RESULTS The observed group of 30 patients (48 eyes) with congenital cataract was divided according to age into three subgroups: I) 4-12 months, 11 patients, 18 eyes; II) 13-24 months, 7 patients, 11 eyes; III) 25-36 months, 12 patients, 19 eyes. In control group we analyzed 20 patients (40 eyes) without congenital cataract. These patients were also divided, according to age, into three subgroups: I) 2-12 months, 5 patients, 10 eyes; II) 13-24 months, 6 patients, 12 eyes; III) 25-36 months, 9 patients, 18 eyes. CONCLUSION Comparing the average axial lengths of the eye in the first, second and third year of life between the observed and control groups, we did not find any statistical significance in the obtained values. When determining the accuracy of the ultrasound measuring of the axial length of the eye in the observed group, we found no statistical significance between the determined values weather the measurements were done with or without general anesthesia (p>0.05).
Prognostic value of QTc interval dispersion changes during exercise testing in hypertensive men
Authors: Djordjevic Dragan , Lovic Branko , Deljanin-Ilic Marina , Ilic Stevan , Tasic Ivan , Stamenkovic Bojana
Published: July 2008

INTRODUCTION The prognostic significance of QTc dispersion changes during exercise testing (ET) in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy is not clear. OBJECTIVE The aim was to study the dynamics of QTc interval dispersion (QTcd) in patients (pts) with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) during the exercise testing and its prognostic significance. METHOD In the study we included 55 men (aged 53 years) with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy and a negative ET (LVH group), 20 men (aged 58 years) with a positive ET and 20 healthy men (aged 55 years). There was no statistically significant difference in the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) between LVH group and ILVH group (160.9?14.9 g/m2 and 152.8?22.7 g/m2). The first ECG was done before the ET and the second one was done during the first minute of recovery, with calculation of QTc dispersion. The patients were followed during five years for new cardiovascular events. RESULTS During the ET, the QTcd significantly increased in LVH group (56.8?18.0 - 76.7?22.6 ms; p<0.001). A statistically significant correlation was found between the amount of ST segment depression at the end of ET and QTc dispersion at the beginning and at the end of ET (r=0.673 and r=0.698; p<0.01). The QTc dispersion was increased in 35 (63.6%) patients and decreased in 20 (36.4%) patients during the ET. Three patients (5.4%) in the first group had adverse cardiovascular events during the five-year follow-up. A multiple stepwise regression model was formed by including age, LVMI, QTc interval, QTc dispersion and change of QTc dispersion during the ET. There was no prognostic significance of QTc interval and QTc dispersion during five-year follow-up in regard to adverse cardiovascular events, but prognostic value was found for LVMI (coefficient ?=0.480; p<0.001). CONCLUSION The increase of QTc interval dispersion is common in men with positive ET for myocardial ischemia and there is a correlation between QTc dispersion and amount of ST segment depression. The increase of QTc interval dispersion during negative ET in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy has no significant predictive value for adverse cardiovascular events, as shown in our five-year follow-up study, but it requires confirmation by investigation of larger groups of patients.
The significance of age and sex for the absence of immune response to hepatitis B vaccination
Authors: Rosic Ilija , Malicevic Sead , Medic Snezana
Published: July 2008

INTRODUCTION Seroepidemiological investigations after the administration of hepatitis B vaccine have shown that even 15% of vaccinated healthy persons do not generate immune response to the vaccines currently in use. OBJECTIVE The aim of the research is to test the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in different age groups on the adult vaccinated population sample in Serbia. METHOD The tested general population sample consisted of 154 adult subjects. Immunization was done using the recombinant fungal vaccine obtained by genetic engineering (Euvax B vaccine, manufacturer LG, distributor Sanofi Pasteur). All tested subjects in the research received 1 ml of hepatitis B vaccine administered intramuscularly into the deltoid muscle by 0, 1, 6 schedule. RESULTS In the tested sample, 3.13% of persons aged up to 29 years, 6.25% aged 30-35 year and 19.23% of the tested persons aged 40 years and older had no immune response. The relative risk of ?no response" findings was twice higher in the group aged 30-39 as compared to the population aged up to 29 years. The detected risk was six times higher for the population of 40 years and older in comparison to the population aged up to 29 years. Also, the relative risk of ?no response" findings for the population of 40 years and older was more than three times higher than for the group aged 30-39. Absent immune response in relation to sex was found to be higher in male subjects. CONCLUSION The rates of ?no response" finding was the following: 3.13% in the group aged up to 29 years, 6.25% in the group aged 30-39, as well as in the group aged 40 years and older (19.23%). Immune response in relation to age groups was statistically significantly different (p<0.001), while there was a statistically significant correlation (C=0.473; p<0.001) between the age of the subjects and the immune response. In relation to sex, the ?no response" finding was found to be increased in the males, but without any statistically significant difference (p>0.05).
Sketch for the 'cartography of ideas': Foucault, Jung, Serrano
Authors: Radenovic Sandra
Published: July 2008

This work is the attempt of analysis of dynamics between many ideas which are present in anthropologic discourse corresponding with each other in different ways, but not only in the manner of extreme opposites which were present and dominant in anthropology and social sciences until nowadays.
Survival strategies of Serbian households
Authors: Babovic Marija , Cvejic Slobodan
Published: July 2008

Concept of household strategies was firstly used in poverty surveys in Africa and Latin America, and lately developed in economic changes surveys in Western developed societies. Connecting the structure and action, macro and micro level of analysis and focusing on households, rather than individual as basic unit of analysis, the concept opened possibilities for better understanding of household economic behavior during social and economic changes. New developments concept experienced in numerous surveys in post-socialist as well as 'post-fordists' societies. The economic household strategies surveys were conducted in Serbia in two waves - in summer of 2000. and autumn of 2002. Comparative analysis of results has not show significant changes in socio-economic position of households. However, changes were evident in the field of action (economic strategies of households and individuals). Decreasing of passive and defensive strategies and increasing of pro-active, particularly working strategies were significant trends from survey.
Social changes and changing role of mixed households in Serbia
Authors: Cvetkovic Vladimir
Published: July 2008

Every specific social order relies on certain elements in social structure. In the case of Serbian society in the last decade of twentieth century significant role had played group of people that occupied two socio-economic positions, workers' and peasants'. The power of this group steamed from two points: their value system and capability to efficiently survive economic hardship by having alternative to secure living resources. Other specificity of this group is its dispersion, or non existence of consciousness of belonging to this specific group. However, social 'glue' for this group was nationalism and xenophobia, and common cultural model of behavior deeply rooted in rural culture. Ruling regime in Serbia, being itself based on nationalistic elements, had found its counterpart in this group. This paper deals with the position and changing role of the mentioned group from so called mixed households and the prospects of changes after the elections 2000 in Serbia.
Freemasonry as a factor of formation of civil society
Authors: Lazar Zolt
Published: July 2008

The article considers the importance which freemason lodges had in the construction of new political culture in 18th century, on the ground of English political practice and French enlightenment. Attention is also focused on the main reasons why masonry didn't succeeded in holding that direction, that is, why it wasn't more than a simple transmission of aspiration for the creation of political institutions of the civil society.
Tito u novom srpskom poretku secanja
Authors: Kuljic Todor
Published: July 2008

(nemacki) Der nachfolgende Beitrag befasst sich mit der ver?nderten Verh?ltniss zur Tito nach 1990. in der serbischen Erinnerungskultur, Historiographie und allt?glichen Erinnerungen. Die Diskreditierung des kommunistischen antinationalistischen jugoslawischen Antifaschismus steht iM Zentrum revisionistischer Geschichtspolitik. Nach 2000. wurde Tito offiziell als totalit?rer Bolschewist und als gef?hrlicher Internationalist schnell d?monisiert. Tito und Milosevic werden dabei unkritisch identifiziert, und der ganze Zeitraum von 1945. bis 2000. wird heute f?lschlicherweise als kommunistisch bezeichnet. IM, Gegensatz zur offiziellen Vergangenheitspolitik wird iM Alltag der Sozialismus noch immer an der individuellen Lebenssituation mit dem Postsozialismus verglichen und positiv beurteilt. In der offiziellen Erinnerungsordnung und Historiographie sind trotzdem negative Beurteilungen von Tito einflussreich. Der nationalindifferente Kommunismus gilt als der wichtigste Gegenpol zur neuen Identit?t, die vor allem iM Nationalismus verankert ist. Der Sozialismus wird als Feind der Nation denunziert. Das antitotalit?re Denken sieht keine Unterschiede zwischen Tito und Milosevic. Demgegen?ber in der Erinnnerungen der gew?hlichen Menschen in Serbien (aber auch in Croatien und in Slowenien) Tito und Sozialismus sind heute positiv beurteilt. Die permanente und lange sozio?konomische Krise schaffte eine Art von strukturellen Nostalgie nach vorherigen multinationalen Tito's Jugoslawien. Die Yugonostalgie hat heute bei den vielen Menschen eine starke titoistische Version.
One dilemma of the residents in Vojvodina: To stay or to leave?
Authors: Pusic Ljubinko
Published: July 2008

The paper presents summarized results of a part of the research entitled "Sociological Aspects of Multiculturalism and Regionalization and Their Influence on the Development of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and the Republic of Serbia." The facts that Vojvodina is one of the most developed parts of the contemporary federation and that this is a period of rapid and chaotic social transition, necessitated research of the following issues Are the inhabitants of Vojvodina satisfied with the life they live in their current place of residence? If they would have an opportunity to leave their current place of residence, would they leave? If they would decide to leave their current place of residence, where would they go? The results of the research reflect the worst possible image of the quality of life in Vojvodinian places.
Regional, local and global identity of Vojvodinians
Authors: Lazar Zolt , Marinkovic Dusan
Published: July 2008

In this article certain problems concerning bindness of citizens to their local and regional milieu, as well as for wider territorial wholeness to which Province of Vojvodina belongs geographically and politically are discussed. The article is based on the analysis of the empirical data collected in autumn 2002 by questioning 1200 inhabitants of Vojvodina and they are compared with other similar surveys, especially with earlier one which same authors carried out in autumn 2000. The results indicates increasing of identification with the province of Vojvodina and Republic of Serbia, but decreasing of the earlier importance of the local adherence. In comparison with the research carried out in 2000, the Vojvodinians are mostly estranged from the State Community of Serbia and Montenegro (former FR Yugoslavia). In the same time, the questioned citizens shows outstanding ambivalence in orientations to the Europe.
Global financial interests: The role of IMF in starting and fighting a Asian financial fire in 1997
Authors: Radonjic Ognjen
Published: July 2008

In our opinion severeness and deepness of Asian crisis could have been largely avoided with relatively moderate adjustments and appropriate policy changes. Explanations of IMF that crisis was provoked by deep macroeconomic distortions and high level of corruption, is, in our opinion, overstated to a great extent. It's evident that there were macroeconomic imbalances, weak financial institutions and prudential regulation, widespread corruption and inadequate legal environment with poor law enforcement. However, magnitude and severeness of financial fire that devastated five Asian economies can't be explained and justified with those imbalances solely. A combination of international investor's panic, policy mistakes by the host governments and poorly designed international programs for overcoming financial troubles provoked panic and deepened the crisis much more that it was both, necessary and inevitable.
East-West business encounters in Serbia and Montenegro: How Serbian repatriates from the west experience their present business environment: A case study
Authors: Vucinic-Neskovic Vesna
Published: July 2008

This study deals with the experiences of Serbian professionals with education and/or working experience acquired in the West who returned since the political changes in October 2000 to work in foreign or domestic business organizations in Belgrade. The aim is to analyze the degree and contents of "culture shock" this group has experienced, their opinions as to what the local and Western business actors should learn from each other in order to facilitate business operations in the future, and their assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of their own bicultural background.
Postmoderna i istorija
Authors: Kuljic Todor
Published: July 2008

(nemacki) Es ist ein R?ckblick auf die gr?ndlichen ontologischen und epistemologischen S?tzen der postmodernistischen Geschichtsauffassung: der Relativismus, die Einheit von Subjekt und Objekt, die Fragmentisierung und der Diskontinuit?t. Der Konstruktivismus als Erkenntnislehre von Postmoderne hat auch andersartigen Sinn dem fundamentalen Geschichtsbegriffen gegeben: dem Fortschritt, der Kontinuit?t, der Wahrheit, dem Gesetz. Es ist auch auf einige Verbindung zwischen Relativismus der Postmoderne und heutigen Konservatismus hingewiesen worden.
Shaping and reproduction patterns of power elites in former Yugoslavia II: Channels of vertical mobility: Education and political activity
Authors: Miladinovic Slobodan
Published: July 2008

In the second part of this paper are analyzed effecting of main channels of social mobility for ascent on elite's positions in Serbia and Croatia. Special attention was paid to education and political activity. Survey data says that the patterns of ideological desirable social origin were developed in pattern of ideological desirable developing way of building individual career of members of power elite's across the time. Special importance in that process had high education acquirement. Political activity was necessary follower in the way of advance to the highest social positions. There was used log-linear analyze (hierarchical method) because finding statistical importance between presented factors of education and political activity. Thanks to this method we can see details of complex relations of interdependence of this factors.
Protectionism and the free trade in the globalization era
Authors: Vuletic Vladimir
Published: July 2008

The United States and European countries were not always forceful advocates of a free trade. At different times in their history, these countries had a strong impulse toward economic protectionism. After the Second World War, the free trade became dominant concept on the world scale and many scholars took it as the key indicator of the globalization process. However, a new protectionism also appeared, primarily in developed countries. At the beginning of new millennium, in spite of some successful attempts to liberalize world free trade, such efforts still face formidable obstacles. We argue that these obstacles are not principally economic in nature but are the outcomes of deliberate efforts to conserve the actual world order. Therefore, we conclude, the free trade appears not to be a condition of globalization. Rather it is the opposite, the globalization, in its wider sense, is the condition sine qua non of the free trade.
Internet’s/virtual antisemitism: “Mortal kombat” and/or “the battlefield on the net”
Authors: Radenovic Sandra
Published: July 2008

This work points out the existence of Internet?s/virtual antisemitism as specific form of antisemitism which pictures its various aspects present in social reality in Serbia in the late 1990s and nowadays. The brief description of the comprehension of the concept of antisemitism and its presence in the cyberspace are presented in the first part of this article; the analysis of Internet?s/virtual antisemitism is presented in the second part of the text.
The role of family social capital in young people’s transition from school to work in Bulgaria
Authors: Kovacheva Siyka
Published: July 2008

Large-scale surveys rate Bulgaria and the whole of South-East Europe as societies poor in both formal and informal social capital. At the same time studies show that families in the region remain closely knit and norms of reciprocity, empathy and support among members of extended families are valued highly. To throw light upon this contradiction the paper presents results from a qualitative research into family support for youth transitions from school to work in Bulgaria conducted in 2002-2003. It uses of data from in-depth interviews with 46 young people one year after graduation from school or university and 34 of their parents. The paper analyses in more detail three case studies representing different patterns of family support. The role of the family remains important under post-communism when it acts as a network for its members and with the access to other social networks external to the family.
Parenting and social capital: Accessing help and support from informal social networks
Authors: Gillies Val
Published: July 2008

This paper explores the resources and support that parents in the UK are able to access through their social networks, and analyses how these networks are organized and sustained. Concern over a perceived demise in community relations and trust have driven many recent UK family policy initiatives and have underpinned proposals to increase parenting support services. However drawing on data from the project "Resources in Parenting: Access to Capitals" it will be suggested that parents remain tightly connected to a social network from which they derive help, advice and reassurance. Based on data from 35 in-depth interviews with parents from 24 households across a range of social backgrounds, the paper will provide an insight into the levels of practical, financial and emotional help received by mothers and fathers from family members, friends and acquaintances. Particular attention will be given to significance of gender and class in enabling and delimiting access to various kinds of assistance. In contrast to commonly voiced claims about the fracturing of traditional support systems it will be argued that parenting is characterized by resourceful engagement with a variety of personal and social relationships.
Contemporary/global terrorism: Sociological approach
Authors: Jankovic Miodrag
Published: July 2008

Notion of terrorism and its contemporary/global form is analyzed in the paper. Special attention is given to emphasizing most important characteristics of separatist-secessionist terrorism today. Potentials and perspectives of Islam terrorism is analyzed at the and of the paper.
The households of Serbia at the dawn of third millennium: Socio-demographical analysis
Authors: Bobic Mirjana
Published: July 2008

Side by side with tumultuous social processes in the end of XXth century great demographical changes have been taking place in Serbia, such as: the decline of nuptiality and fertility, postponement of family formation into older ages of life course of individuals, the rise of: extramarital births as well as adolescent pregnancies and live births, the spread of one-parent households, particularly of lone mothers, and divorces. Besides that, the main feature of the demographic development of Serbia has been increased mobility of population, namely migrations of highly educated professionals to the West ("brain drain") and forced migration of refugees and internally displaced persons to Serbia, as a consequence of armed conflicts in its surroundings and at Kosovo and Metohija. All the above-mentioned demographical changes caused the precomposition of households, as profound associations of population, where its biological and socio-economical reproductions take place. The information of last census of population of Serbia in 2002 indicate that according to the features of family and households, Serbia has approached the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, that are forerunning in the process of post-socialistic transformation and European integrations. Common characteristics of all those countries are: decrease of universality and popularity of marriage delay of childbearing, continuation of earlier demographic tendencies: of low natality, depopulation and aging of population. All those processes have contributed to the transformation of prevailing forms of households, i.e. decline of nuclear family units and the rise of single person households households of aged persons, as well as single-parent ones. As to the Serbia the demographic differences between its separate parts: Vojvodina and central Serbia, have been fading for the first time in its history, owing to previous socio-demographic developments starting from the beginning of XXth century, as well as to the above actual ones, in the period between last two censuses.
European cities in post socialist transformation
Authors: Backovic Vera
Published: July 2008

The aim of the paper is to analyze changes of the city in the process of post socialist transformation. The changes in the political system and economy led to establishment of local authorities and urban economy, witch became main factors of urban development. Much attention is played to commercial property (office space and retail) because their fast development is the most visible change in the post socialist city.
Dehumanization and self-alienation between culture of consumerism and global risks of postmodern age
Authors: Jasovic Boris
Published: July 2008

In this article possible courses of revitalization and application of concept of alienation in contemporary postmodern age would be represented. Accent would bet on two basic aspects of this phenomenon: dehumanization as alienation of human from human and self-alienation as alienation of human from it?s authentic self. We will try to perceive mentioned aspects of alienation from perspective of global paradigmatic changes which have overtaken, above all, western capitalistic societies from the middle of 70?s of XX century. We will also try to treat alienation, which presents result of negative influence of society on individual, as cultural determinant which reflects itself trough positions of modern individual within various social models: culture of consumerism and global risks; satisfaction and tremble; insecure working positions and way of constructing identity? We will point to fact that dehumanization, as result of effect of logic of capital leads to violation of humanistic relations among people, as well as self-alienation, as result of fragmentation of individual?s identity leads to depolitization of humans, which influences on violation of fundamental principles of democracy.
Chinese transnational entrepreneurs in Budapest and Belgrade: Seeking the markets in the transition economies
Authors: Milutinovic Svetlana
Published: July 2008

Central and Southeastern European countries have witnessed a new phenomenon in the last two decades - Chinese migration that has qualitatively and quantitatively different characteristics in comparison with previous periods and other regions. Chinese migrants today are transnational migrants in terms of everyday practices and economic transactions performed in transnational social space. Their transnational entrepreneurship is the example par excellence of dual embedded ness that clearly joins the economic processes taking place in the sending country together with those in the receiving countries. The aim of this essay is to draw attention to the certain elements of this new phenomenon in Serbia and Montenegro, as well as to reveal the patterns of its enlargement that networks more than one receiving country.
Serbia and (anti)heroes
Authors: Pavicevic Olivera , Simeunovic-Patic Biljana
Published: July 2008

The paper considers a development and social meaning of social heroes, as well as the substance, functions and dichotomies of heroism, with particular view on those conditions in a social system that enable and facilitate a mutual approximation and symbolic and functional alternation of its diverse categories. The situation in Serbia during the last two decades was particularly the object of attention in an attempt to fortify the assumption that extreme turbulent processes inside the social space, followed by willing and substantial antisocial activity of certain favorably positioned groups, as well as by specific processing of social reality by those unfavorably positioned, "ordinary" people, make possible the conversion of classic antiheroes into social heroes.
Muslim, Catholic and Orthodox religiosity in Central Europe in contrast to American Protestant religiosity
Authors: Flere Sergej , Lavric Miran
Published: July 2008

Four religious cultural settings, a Slovenian Catholic one, a Bosnian Muslim one, a Serbian Orthodox one and an American Protestant one, are compared on the basis of a variety of measures of religiosity, resulting from a survey carried out on large student samples in 2005. Certain cultural peculiarities of the groups emerge: e.g., the particular Muslim stress on the concept of God as austere judge. These peculiarities, indicative of a more pronouncedly rigid and authentic religiosity do not add up to a qualitatively different religiosity among the Muslims. Nevertheless, clear differences appeared in the structure of religiosity, which are of particular relevance to the two more intensively religious groups: the American Protestants and the Bosnian Muslims. The former group's religiosity is more dependent on social pressure, and its religious practice is more frequent, whereas the latter group's religiosity seems better linked to their personality set-up and integrated in personality. The American Protestants are slightly more inclined to sacrifice their life both for religious purposes and for their country.
Religious education: The case of Serbia
Authors: Kuburic Zorica , Vukomanovic Milan
Published: July 2008

The confessional religious education was introduced, as an optional subject in Serbian public school system by a governmental regulation published in July 2001. Such a decision was preceded by an incomplete public debate that lasted from November 2000 to July 2001. Major arguments for and against religious education are discussed in this paper. Other topics include religiosity in Serbia; models of religious education and main actors that participated in the debates and decision-making process; legislation curricula, textbooks; goals of religious education; teacher training; some empirical data on the attitudes towards religious education in schools, etc. Four years later, it is possible to assess not only the preconditions of the Serbian government decision, but also the consequences regarding some initial experiences in the primary and secondary schools and church-state relations (religious rights and freedoms) in general. More precisely, the issue of public religious education in Serbia appeared to be a litmus test for the forthcoming legislation on religious organizations and for the new social and political role of religious communities in Serbia today.
Interreligious dialogue in local communities: Belgrade example
Authors: Barisic Srdjan
Published: July 2008

Within the interreligious dialogue research which was implemented between 2003 and 2005, there were seven religious representatives interviewed. All of the seven religious communities were settled in Belgrade. According to the certain answers given in the structured interviews, the author has tried, in this article, to make concise intersection of the interreligious relations within the capital of Serbia.
Social networks: Networking of social actors in the sphere of economic activities
Authors: Babovic Marija
Published: July 2008

The article reviews one of the important fields of study in contemporary economic sociology - social networks in the sphere of economic activities. Besides basic theoretical and methodological conceptions in studying social networks that originate from general sociology and special sociological disciplines most important fields of study of social networks in economic sociology are presented. Some influential studies of social networks are analyzed; some key weaknesses of social network approach are pointed out, as well as possibility of their future development.
Differences between secular and spiritual identity
Authors: Kuburic Zorica , Kuburic Ana
Published: July 2008

We have chosen this empirical research and a transversal section of the current moment in Serbia, integrating religion, individual identity, and the process of secularization. We have used the comparative method in our research of differences and their contribution to the atmosphere that currently prevails in Serbia. We also researched differences between high school students and students of the Theology Seminary of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Through statistical data processing we composed graphs which represent two groups within the youth population: those oriented towards secular professions, and those oriented towards a spiritual vocation. We wondered whether these differences are present only in students who are religious as opposed to those who are from the same school but not religious. What connects believers and makes them different from those who are not religious? The results show that differences between secular and spiritual identity are visible in the self-image, which is possessed by the young and especially referring to the control of one's own behavior. We find that there is a connection between religiosity, morality, sexuality and guilt.
Serbian society and gun culture
Authors: Cvetkovic Vladimir
Published: July 2008

This paper questions whether one characteristic of Serbian society is a gun culture. The first part of the paper deals with some theoretical concerns and closer explanation of what is understood by the term gun culture. Few different approaches to the issue are analyzed. The concept used has three main components of the gun culture: system of positive beliefs; social symbols embodied by the gun; agent "bearers" of gun culture. The second part of the paper presents results from Small Arms and Light Weapons survey conducted in 2004 in Serbia. The results were analyzed within the theoretical framework proposed in the first part of the paper.
Changes in the recruitment patterns of the economic and political elites in Serbia
Authors: Lazic Mladen , Cvejic Slobodan
Published: July 2008

In this paper the changing patterns of economic and political elite recruitment in Serbia are studied on the basis of three sets of data, collected in our surveys done in 1989, 1993 and 2004. Our hypothesis was that elite recruitment patterns changed after the political regime change in 2000, but in a different direction compared to the period of the 1990s. From a long-term perspective, we expect continuing increases in the relevance of higher education for elite recruitment, and equalization of the relevance of higher education for both the political and economic elites. On the other hand, we expect decreasing relevance for political affiliation among the economic elite, accompanied by an increasing importance of social networking during the period of a prolonged weak institutional environment. In order to test our general hypothesis we describe inter- and intra-generational patterns of recruitment. The relevance of education, party membership and networking as mobility channels is analyzed by model of logistic regression. We also compare changes in patterns of elites? recruitment with changing mobility patterns of social classes in Serbia, 1989-2004.
Trust and solidarity in Bulgarian cooperatives
Authors: Kostova Dobrinka
Published: July 2008

The paper analyzes the strategies of people in agriculture, especially in the mountain regions where the fragmentation of land is significant. The quantity of land there is also limited. This leads to important consequences for the agrarian development. The culture of keeping the lands of the predecessors burdens the market of agricultural lands. The renting of lands depends on the types of plants to be cultivated as the law for renting lands allows contracts for the max of five years and for the farmers it is insecure to cultivate perennial plants on such lands. In this situation the survival of the small-scale farmers depends on their ability to coop and support each other. The article describes the emergence of a coop for bioproduction of roses, mint and milk in the "Valley of Roses", Karlovo and Gabrovo regions, the solidarity between the farmers, the stimuli and barriers to their activities. It reveals the culture of mutual support based not so much on economic but rather on other incentives such as love to nature and environment, strong desire to prove that bioproduction could develop in the country and that bioproducts are the future for Bulgarian agriculture. It is a different coop in comparison with the socialist collectives. The now established coop unites the farmers for education, qualification, market and mutual support for objectives, but each farmer produces his/her products alone. The farmers sell the products together and each one depends on the culture of others' conscious cultivation of bioproducts. Until now, the experience has been positive and the coop has sustainable development. This is also due to the creation of three professional organizations - the coop as a producing unit, organization for distributing knowledge on organic production and a certifying organization of bioproducts. The survival of the coop depends on farmers? hard work and solidarity, the strong will to survive, the hope for future significant agricultural support and subsidies when the European Union enlargement involves Bulgaria and the improvement of the economic situation in the country that could bring better buying abilities of the population.
With no way out and with no allies: Riots in French "banlieues"
Authors: Filipovic Mirko
Published: July 2008

Riots in French "banlieues" can be properly understood only within a context of the French economic and social history in the last few decades. "Trente glorieuses", the increase of the immigrant population, French "welfare state" and urban politics, the effects of the economic crisis of the 70`s, dismantling and marginalization of the working class environment, concentration of the unemployment and poverty in the "banlieues", segregation and ghettoization - these are the necessary elements of any sociological interpretation of the actual crisis. Between the "urban poverty" and the riots, several mediations have also an important impact: new security policy and police violence - the evolution of Welfare state towards the Penal state, new forms of racism and social exclusions, inefficiency of the "Republican model of integration", suburban youth sub-culture as an attempt of neutralizing the growing stigma etc. Persistent treating of a segment of citizenry as suspect, intrinsically prone to violence - as potential enemies, could prove to be, in the future, a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Predictors of social identity on the national-European dimension
Authors: Francesko Mirjana , Kodzopeljic Jasmina , Janicic Bojan
Published: July 2008

This paper analyzes socio-demographic and psychological predictors of European identity in Serbia and Montenegro. The research conducted in 2003 was based on the sample of 2860 respondents from four regions of Serbia and Montenegro. The respondent of both sexes were included in the sample, aged 18 to 43 with different education. Battery of questions comprising psychological variables was mainly developed at University of Novi Sad (Department of Psychology). The following variables were taken as psychological predictors: motivations (of general achievement, tested with MOP2002 scale; and locus of control, tested with LOK2003 scale), value orientations (conservatism-radicalism, tested with KORA2002 scale; and individualism-collectivism, tested with KOIN2002 scale), and personal characteristic of rigidity tested with RG-s scale. The effects of other socio-demographic characteristics (age and education) also were tested. Employed multiple regression (stepwise forward) proved that: sexual conservatism, rigidity as a need for detailed planning, individualism-collectivism, some components of achievement motive (orientation towards planning and aim as a source of satisfaction), age and education, have relatively stable predictive value of social identity on national-European dimension. Predictive value of external locus of control and other dimensions of achievement motive is limited and depends on a rang of other personal characteristics.
Women in education and science
Authors: Bogdanovic Marija
Published: July 2008

This paper predominantly analyzes the position that women hold in research institutes in Serbia and at the University of Belgrade. The data were collected in May and June, 2006 from the website of the Ministry of science and environment (related to research institutes in Serbia) and directly from 30 faculties of Belgrade University. Among 162 researchers employed in research institutes, women are equally represented with men, not only in the number of employed persons (49% and 51 %, respectively), but also considering the researchers with PhDs (49% vs. 51%), and without PhDs (48% vs. 51%). Also, in both sexes there are the same number of researchers with PhDs (38%: 39%) and without PhDs around 60 % (62%:61%). In spite of a high level of equality between males and females according to the presented data, only 22 females are directors of research institutes, i.e. 0.69% of researchers with PhDs. During the long history of Belgrade University (founded in 1838), only 31.6% out of 34,237 Masters and PhD diplomas were awarded to women (34% of Masters and only 27.7% of PhDs), which indicates the evident difference between males and females. Today, 58% of students are female and women are in a majority at 50% of the faculties of Belgrade University (at some the proportion of female students is even more than 80%). Also, according to data in 2000, more females (60.2%) than males got their diplomas. According to the teaching positions at Belgrade University some 43.3% are held by women, but among professors only 37.4% are female in comparison to 51% among teaching assistants. There are significant differences between the faculties in this respect: the highest proportion of female professors is found in the group of medical sciences (51.3%), the highest proportion of female assistants is found in the group of social sciences (64%). Females are not represented in leading positions at Belgrade University in spite of their qualifications. The University of Belgrade has had only one women elected as a Rector in its long history. During 2000-2004 there were six women Deans while today there are only three (out of 31 faculties). There is more gender equality in research institutes in Serbia than at Belgrade University. Also, women are seriously underrepresented in leading positions at all the analyzed scientific institutions, in spite of their qualifications. Bearing that in mind, it seems it will take another century for women to achieve an equal position to that of their male counterparts.
Public interest vs. strategies of individual actors in urban and spatial planning
Authors: Vujosevic Miodrag , Petovar Ksenija
Published: July 2008

Here a preliminary hypothesis is used, viz., that the concept of "postsocialist" public interests is disputed in each and every aspect, implicating that a new theoretical and heuristic framework is needed for urban planning. This framework ought to be developed in a way to render it acceptable as a common denominator for the majority of urban actors, on the one hand, and to help balance individual (partial) and collective interests in the preparation and implementation of planning decisions at various planning levels, on the other. Under the current conditions of transition, there are very few elements that could in advance and with certainty be ascertained of public or general interest. The quality and societal relevance of planning decisions would basically depend on the quality of planning communication and interaction, also being relevant for the developing of a public interest. In the contribution, it is particularly emphasized that, following the collapse of the former ("socialist") public interests, the very legitimacy of planning is endangered as well. We direct attention to a number of new approaches, with a view to make use of their respective rational, productive, emancipatory and modernizing potential. Here, it is almost the last "resort" for one to insist on the publicity and public control in planning decision-making, especially in terms of the role of laymen - versus the more powerful and influential stakeholders - as the key direction in developing of new modes of planning. In this context, of crucial importance is to develop a new theoretical articulation of the concept of "postsocialist" public interests, as this concept is constituent for developing democratic planning during the transition period. The key aspect here pertains to balancing a large number of emerging and legitimate individual interest vis-?-vis public (collective, common, and similar) interests. This also applies to developing new institutional and organization arrangements and support that are needed, to direct the "societal game" of individual interests to collective public purposes. Particularly, effective arrangements of the kind are needed to prevent the "game" ends in destructive outcome, in the first place for the already well established public interests that will predictably keep such status.
Is it possible to install social capitalism in post socialist transition?
Authors: Losonc Alpar
Published: July 2008

Recently Claus Offe has raised the question concerning the fate of the European model of social capitalism. Can the model of social capitalism survive European integration amongst current tendencies? Offe assumes that this model has been challenged by the processes of globalisation and by the integration of postsocialist countries into the European Union. The working hypotheses of this article is that a relatively coherent answer to this question may be offered. The article is divided into three parts. The first part starts with Polanji?s socio-economic theory and emphasizes the importance of this approach for analyzing tendencies of capitalism in Western Europe and in post-socialist countries. The author argues that Polanyi?s theory enables us to explain the forms of embedded liberalism in Western Europe after 1945, as well as the orientation of non-embedded neoliberalism and the functioning of the workfare state after the crisis of the Keynesian welfare state. The central element of social capitalism, namely, the welfare-state, despite globalizing tendencies projected by neoliberalism, still has dimensions of continuity. In the second section it is argued that an asymmetrical structure has arisen between Western Europe and the non-Western part of Europe concerning the socialisation of capitalism. Neoliberalisation in accordance with the model of transferring ideal-type capitalism is much more strongly implemented in transition countries. In the third part the author pleads for a broadening of the meaning of welfare to take into account the ecological aspect of welfare in countries in transition. The author insists that embeddedness must also include socio-ecological aspects of transition processes in postsocialist countries. Moreover, this theoretical approach provides an opportunity to explain the failures in implementing neoliberalism in postsocialist countries. If we introduce socio-ecological aspects we are in a much better position to answer Offe?s question.
Clinical sociologist in psychiatry: The professional bridge between the sociology and psychiatry
Authors: Opalic Petar
Published: July 2008

In the first section of the paper the profession of clinical sociologist in relation to other related professions in psychiatry is defined. Then various aspects of the position of clinical sociologist in a psychiatric institution, as well as specific features of various functions and roles of clinical sociologist in psychiatry and medicine are discussed. The conclusion points to some contradictions inherent in this profession. Advantages to be gained by introducing the profession of clinical sociologist in psychiatric institutions in our country are identified.