bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Opportunities of the Autonomous Communities Financing Reform in Spain
Authors: Freiría Mónica García
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes the main features of the current financing model of the Autonomous Communities of the common system in Spain. The Spanish lawmaker progressively promoted an increased fiscal co-responsability of the Autonomous Communities, in order that they could be provided with significant own resources enabling them to achieve their financial autonomy and sufficiency. However, the latest fundamental reform has proven to be inefficient and unfair. Thus, the current social and economic environment requires a deep reformulation of the existing legal framework of autonomous financing, in view to determine the scope and content of the asymmetrical fiscal power within a supranational integration system, such as the European Union. In this context is necessary to propose an amendment of the current financing model of the Autonomous Communities from the perspective of the public revenues which makes it compatible with the requirements of EU law in tax and budget matters.
Green Taxation and Sustainable Tourism Destinations
Authors: Costa Vânia , Pereira Raquel
Published: October 2024

This research aims to analyse the evolving literature of green taxation or tourist taxes and the development of sustainable tourism destinations. Using the PRISMA Method, this study is based on a bibliometric analysis of articles published in SCOPUS and Web of Science. The study analyses all publications over time, with the keywords “taxes”, “tourism destinations” and “sustainability” in titles, keywords and abstracts. Tourism taxation is a public policy instrument applied to solve externalities caused by tourism and serves as a means of financing the maintenance and continuous improvement of services and infrastructures that directly and indirectly support tourism activity. The main contribution of our research is therefore to identify the evolving literature concerning tourism taxes and destinations, as well as to explore public strategies that contribute to rethinking, revitalizing and increasing the sustainability of tourism destinations through conceptual frameworks based on the integration of sustainable management practices in the planning processes of tourism destinations.
Significance of Tax Reforms as a Solution of Economic Problems
Authors: Chandra Saurabh , Muchan Bhumika
Published: October 2024

The latest changes to India's taxes have had an impact on recent economic development and growth. To really understand what those changes meant, it's necessary to grasp a thorough understanding of them—something this qualitative study seeks to attain in order to evaluate the GST and corporate tax rate revisions comprehensively. The research investigates how the changes may affect key sectors like agriculture, industry, services, and international trade—that is, any ramifications they may have on fostered economic expansion via these sectors. Using current literature, the study considers how the changes might affect investment patterns, company performance, and income distribution; it also takes a look at the potential opportunities and challenges associated with implementing tax reform—including compliance issues and administrative capacity. It concludes that the tax system in India remains a substantial impediment to improvement, despite eight years of reforms.
Sustainable Economies
Authors: Santos Sílvia Coutinho , Dinis Ana Arromba , Pereira Liliana , O'Sullivan Shane
Published: October 2024

The protection of the environment is a matter of global concern that effects the population and endangers future generations. Consequently, the implementation of measures such as green taxation (also referred to in the international literature as environmental taxation and environmental law) is significant to effect behavioural change. In this context, the role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is utmost importance in terms of sustainability and economic growth. This study aims to critically analyse the courses offered in the field of green taxation at the top 100 universities in the Shanghai Ranking, 2023. This analysis will contribute to the body of knowledge about the progress made in teaching green taxation and the measures that have been put in place by governments to this end. The study revealed that in European Union and China, the teaching of science and technology continues to be a dominant force.
Tax on Urban Property and Land (IPTU) and Tax Benefits in the Municipality of Salvador/Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Azevedo Tânia Cristina , Oliveira José Renato Sena , Conceição Mirian Gomes
Published: October 2024

This chapter aims to explore in detail the Tax on Urban Property and Land (IPTU, in portuguese), a Brazilian tax of municipal jurisdiction, specifically the tax benefits. For this purpose, the panorama of this tax, its context, and characteristics were approached and possibilities of tax benefits and incentives that have been used in the city of Salvador, capital of the state of Bahia, Brazil, were presented. This study brings the discussion of possible ecological and sustainable tax incentives in the city from the perspective of an urban development that contributes to the environmental, social, economic, cultural, and educational dimensions, and to the integration into the commitments of the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As for the methodological procedures, this is a case study, supported by bibliographical and documentary research. The research results bring possibilities of urban policy tax instruments in the matter of the IPTU, that can be associated with incentives aimed at the sustainable development.
Transfer Pricing for Baseline Distribution Structures
Authors: Kubin Pascal René Marcel
Published: October 2024

Baseline distribution transactions are relatively simple yet frequently occurring transactions within multinational enterprises. However, from a transfer pricing perspective, they are often associated with high compliance costs and substantial uncertainties for taxpayers. Against this background, the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS has introduced the Simplified and Streamlined Approach (SSA) under Pillar One - Amount B. By providing standardized, arm's length return on sales margins for the wholesale distribution of goods, the SSA intends to reduce compliance costs and increase tax certainty. This chapter initially presents the key aspects of the approach, before critically assessing their implications. The analysis particularly indicates that an incongruent implementation of the SSA across jurisdictions may undermine the intention of simplifying transfer pricing. Moreover, the narrow price range of the SSA could increase the importance of software solutions for controlling transfer prices.
Trends and Perspectives on Tax Benefits Research
Authors: Lucas Carlos , Cruz Sérgio Ravara , Carmo Cecília Rendeiro
Published: October 2024

Reducing taxation is a relevant and cross-cutting issue in society, at the level of governments, companies and citizens. There are currently a large number of scientific publications on this subject. The aim of this study is to present a mapping of scientific production on the subject of tax benefits, which will make it possible to understand the evolution and trends of research in this area. A bibliometric analysis was carried out using the Bibliometrix tool, based on the documents available on the Scopus and Web of Science platforms. The results show that the greatest growth in research on this topic has occurred from the beginning of this century to the present day. The use of dominant expressions is also observed, resulting in two clusters that separate research into tax benefits at a company level from those at an individual level. This result suggests the need for future studies to deal separately with corporate and personal tax benefits.
Netnography
Authors: Asname Fatine , Berrada Abla
Published: October 2024

As online interactions continue to shape contemporary social worlds, researchers must adapt their methodological approaches. Netnography, as a qualitative research approach, provides a systematic way to study the cultural dimensions of digital media practice. By combining ethnographic principles with the study of online communities, this chapter explores the potential of netnography as a qualitative research method, particularly in complementing offline research approaches. By actively engaging with virtual communities, researchers can establish social and cognitive proximity with participants, gaining insider knowledge and building rapport. This active involvement extends the spatial and temporal boundaries of traditional fieldwork, enabling continuous investigation and relationship building. Integrating online and offline methods capitalizes on the interconnected nature of virtual and physical spaces, enriching social science studies. As we look ahead, it is essential to explore new avenues and address potential challenges.
Ethical Considerations in Qualitative Educational Research
Authors: Chasokela Doris
Published: October 2024

Ethical considerations play an important role in qualitative educational research. This chapter provides an overview of some of the key ethical issues that qualitative researchers need to be aware of. The chapter also focuses on informed consent, privacy and confidentiality, the role of power and authority, and the ethical implications of data collection and analysis. The chapter aims to help qualitative researchers understand the ethical challenges of their work and make informed decisions about how to proceed by establishing informed consent procedures that are appropriate for the study context.
Apprehension of Technosciences and Initiation to Education for Uncertainty
Authors: Saoudi Hayet , Bouamoud Hanen
Published: October 2024

This research falls within the framework of education about uncertainty. The authors focused on one of the technosciences, namely genetic engineering, and treated it as a ‘socially acute issue'. The research involved a group of Tunisian third-year students in life and earth sciences. They are a group of potential future teachers. They set up a three-phase experiment. The first phase consisted of a pre-test quiz, aimed at assessing the students' scientific knowledge and the forms of uncertainty they mobilised. The second phase consisted of watching videos on technoscience and genes. The third phase consisted of a post-test quiz designed to monitor changes in the quality of the scientific knowledge required and to highlight the forms of uncertainty used. For the analysis, the authors used analytical grids to characterise the quality of the scientific knowledge and the forms of uncertainty involved. The results show that integrating socially current issues has a significant effect on education about uncertainty and on the acquisition of scientific knowledge.
Narrative Mediacy Much-Needed Qualitative Approach to Business Pedagogy
Authors: Menon Urmila R. , Sreedharan Sreekanth
Published: October 2024

The chapter introduces narrative mediacy as a transformative concept in business education, highlighting the power of stories in enhancing teaching practices. It defines narrative mediacy and provides a theoretical framework that clarifies its role in education by examining mediational communication and the elements that affect knowledge transfer—person, perspective, and mode. The chapter also explores the historical context of narrative studies, differentiating narrative mediacy from other approaches and proposing innovative strategies for business pedagogy. It offers practical tools for educators and policymakers to implement effective educational interventions, emphasizing narrative's role in fostering deeper understanding and engagement, ultimately making learning more interactive and impactful.
Pedagogical Engineering for Developing an Effective Blended Learning Environment in Higher Education
Authors: Tahesse Houda , Bouanani Mostafa , Cuko Kostanca
Published: October 2024

In the contemporary educational landscape, the integration of information and communication technologies has significantly transformed teaching and learning methods, particularly with the rise of hybrid education. This shift, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, combines face-to-face and remote learning phases supported by technological environments. The study focuses on developing a hybrid training program for first-year students at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fes, Morocco, using the ADDIE model and Moodle platform. Following international Quality Matters standards, the program aims to address the diverse needs of students by enhancing their engagement and learning outcomes. Future evaluations will assess its effectiveness, guiding continuous improvement and innovation in higher education.
Application of the TPACK Theory via the OFPPT-Langues Platform
Authors: El Omari Manal , El-Himer Mohamed
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the integration of technologies in education and their impact on language learning. The professional training sector in Morocco promotes this transformation through its OFPPT-Langues platform, offering courses in French, English, and Spanish. The study focuses on English teaching and applies the TPACK theory (technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge) to assess pedagogical effectiveness. Using a qualitative analysis of platform resources and semi-structured interviews with teachers, the results show a successful integration of TPACK components, enriching learning. However, challenges persist, such as technical proficiency and a preference for traditional methods. The chapter proposes recommendations for the continuous training of teachers, the development of hybrid modules, and the adaptation of curricula to include explicit TPACK elements. These measures aim to improve the integration of educational technologies and create a more dynamic and effective learning environment.
Iterative Design for Adapting Engineering Learning Systems to Tunisian Education
Authors: Elharbaoui Elassaad , Nteubutse Jean Gabin , Elomari Driss
Published: October 2024

E-learning studies have identified challenges related to the viability of e-learning systems (ELS) and the relevance of instructional design models and methods. The authors implemented an iterative design experiment of ELS prototypes, using the engineering method of learning systems (EMILSO), for the learning of chronobiology in an agri-food master's program via the Virtual University of Tunisia's platform. An iterative, didactic, pedagogical, and technological analysis of the prototypes allowed the authors to revise and adapt them to the Tunisian educational context, validating and developing EMILSO. The analysis maintained EMILSO's four specifications and renamed certain phases, such as the “project definition” phase as the “preliminary analysis of the project.” New validation links were created between EMILSO's knowledge, pedagogical, and media models, and new tasks were inserted in the project identification phase. The characterization of representations was also considered in the preliminary analysis phases of the knowledge and pedagogical estimates.
Writing Strategies for Short Genres
Authors: Kassabi Adil , Elomari Driss , El Farsi Imane , Khiati Mustapha
Published: October 2024

This chapter delves into the study of the role of explicit instruction in improving writing skills for short texts within the Moroccan educational system. It highlights how this pedagogical method, based on theoretical foundations, enhances students' ability to produce brief forms of writing in a more effective and structured manner. This interactive process encourages learners to become more autonomous and thoughtful writers, capable of self-assessing their written output and adjusting accordingly. The main goal of this research is to demonstrate the effectiveness of pedagogical strategies based on explicit instruction for teaching brief text writing. Learners can assimilate the various stages of the writing process, acquire effective strategies, and benefit from targeted feedback.
Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Msilini Hedi Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Several researchers note the importance of reflecting on the impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) in education and learning. The reflections were based on how to understand the technical possibilities and know the drawbacks and benefits of AI in relation to education, especially the manipulation of these tools which can help educators to use a more interactive pedagogical approach that could subsequently ensure the improvement of learning objectives. This chapter describes the different terms for using AI in education and learning, showing how these are based on multiple interpretations and discussing some possible barriers on best practices to adopt. So, the fundamental questions that arise in this context are based on ways of teaching and learning. What impacts can be expected in teaching and learning practices? What are the drawbacks and benefits of AI in education? How are both the teacher and the student involved in this process? How is critical thinking of young students developed in the face of AI? And to what extent can learners and teachers meet this challenge?
Semiconductor Innovations in Quantum Computing
Authors: Mangaiyarkkarasi J. , Revathy J. Shanthalakshmi
Published: October 2024

Quantum computing represents a transformative leap in computational power, capable of solving problems beyond the reach of classical computers. This chapter focuses on the crucial role of semiconductor advancements in developing quantum computing, highlighting key technological breakthroughs and engineering challenges. It begins with an overview of quantum computing principles, emphasizing qubits' unique properties like superposition and entanglement, which enable parallel computations. The chapter then delves into semiconductor-based qubits, including silicon-based quantum dots, superconducting qubits, and spin qubits, exploring their operational principles, fabrication techniques, and performance metrics. It also examines material science innovations such as isotopically purified silicon and silicon-germanium heterostructures, essential for qubit stability and scalability. Additionally, the chapter addresses engineering challenges like quantum error correction and the integration of quantum and classical computing systems.
Challenges and Future Prospects of Integrating Quantum Computing Into Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Behura Aradhana , Patra Radhashyam
Published: October 2024

Quantum computing holds transformative potential for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), offering solutions to complex and computationally intensive challenges in modern transportation networks. By leveraging quantum mechanics principles like superposition and entanglement, quantum algorithms can optimize traffic management, route planning, and logistics with unprecedented speed and accuracy. This can significantly enhance real-time traffic flow predictions, dynamic route optimization, and efficient resource allocation, particularly for electric vehicle networks, promoting sustainable and energy-efficient transportation solutions. However, integrating quantum computing into ITS faces challenges. Current quantum hardware is limited by issues like qubit instability, short coherence times, and high error rates, impeding large-scale applications. Additionally, developing hybrid systems that combine classical and quantum computing capabilities, and ensuring robust data privacy and security, are significant hurdles.
Fundamentals of Semiconductor and Future Aspects
Authors: Chugh Nisha , Kansal Nishtha
Published: October 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of semiconductor devices, focusing on their physical properties, operational mechanisms, and the diverse range of applications they support. Key topics include the behaviour of charge carriers in semiconductor materials, the formation and characteristics of p-n junctions, and the operational principles of key devices FETs, CMOS and HEMTs. HEMTs have become a cornerstone in modern electronics due to their superior performance characteristics, including high electron mobility, low noise, and high gain. This chapter delves into the fundamental principles of HEMTs, exploring their unique heterostructure design that leverages materials such as GaAs and AlGaAs to create a high-speed, low-noise transistor. The high-frequency capabilities of HEMTs make them ideal for applications in RF and microwave circuits, satellite communications, and radar systems.
Preserving Nature's Balance in the Intelligent Systems Era
Authors: Garole Komal , Reddy Kishor Kumar , Lippert Kari
Published: October 2024

The proposed chapter provides a thorough examination of related ideas, beginning with a basic knowledge of ecological systems and the significance of biodiversity, explores the patterns and processes of biodiversity, including the measurements and methods for quantifying it along with the variables, like habitat heterogeneity and latitude, that affect its distribution. The paper then explores the patterns and processes of biodiversity, including the measurements and methods for quantifying it along with the variables, like habitat heterogeneity and latitude, that affect its distribution.. The study also outlines important risks to biodiversity, highlighting the significant contribution of human activity to biodiversity loss. The study examines potential future paths for biodiversity conservation and research, taking into account new developments in technology and fashion while recognizing the continuous difficulties in maintaining biodiversity in the face of global change.
Smart Healthcare Innovations Using Intelligent Systems in Industry 4.0
Authors: Sree Swathi , Reddy Kishor Kumar , Doss Srinath
Published: October 2024

Healthcare in the era of Industry 4.0 is undergoing a major shift, mostly due to smart healthcare advancements driven by intelligent technology. Key developments in the use of intelligent systems to improve patient outcomes, expedite procedures, and fortify healthcare delivery are explained in this abstract. Using automation technologies, Internet of Things sensors, and AI algorithms, intelligent systems improve patient care by integrating hospital procedures, streamlining workflows, effectively managing resources, and more. Smart healthcare solutions powered by Industry 4.0's intelligent systems have a lot of potential to improve patient experiences, revolutionise healthcare delivery, When taken as a whole, these innovations seek to save healthcare costs, optimize resource allocation, improve patient outcomes, raise overall quality. The effective implementation of these technologies necessitates resolving issues with worker up skilling, interoperability, data security,organizational change. Enabling smart, linked, and data-driven production environments through intelligent systems.
Potential of AI, Quantum Computing, and Semiconductor Technology Adoption in Future Industries
Authors: Rath Kali Charan , Mishra Debasis , Tripathy Santosh Kumar Tripathy , Mishra Brojo Kishore , Muduli Kamalakanta
Published: October 2024

This chapter delves into the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Computing, and Semiconductor Technology in revolutionizing industries like healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and telecommunications through a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach. The objective is to provide a nuanced analysis of the opportunities presented by these technologies, including enhanced computational capabilities, improved efficiency, and new business models. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the significant challenges involved, including technical limitations, ethical considerations, and the need for robust regulatory frameworks. The novelty of this work lies in its integrated approach to examining the synergistic effects of AI, quantum computing, and semiconductor advancements, offering a holistic view of their combined impact on industry evolution. This chapter examines the potential, challenges, and opportunities of AI, Quantum Computing, and Semiconductor Technology to inform strategic pathways for harnessing their potential.
Ultrasonic Welding Parameter Optimization for Electric Component Welding
Authors: Kovács Tünde Anna , Tóth László , Perianu Ion Aurel , Schramkó Márton
Published: October 2024

Industrial requirements to establish metallic joints between dissimilar metals in the electric area. The ultrasonic welding process is an optimal process to joint thin sheets or foils. The goal of the research was to optimize the ultrasonic welding parameters to join thin nickel-coated copper sheets and aluminium sheets. It used a 0.5 mm thick high-purity copper (Cu-OF-R200) sheet coated with a 10 μm pure nickel layer and a 0.5 mm thick aluminium (1050A H24) sheet. The ultrasonic welding is made by a Branson Ultraweld L20 ultrasonic welder equipment. The mechanical properties and exacting geometrical tolerance of the joint were required. The welding parameter optimization is made empirically, with several welding tests. The optimal welding parameters were confirmed by non-destructive and destructive tests of the joints. The non-destructive tests were the visual inspection and geometrical measurements of the joint sizes. The destructive tests were tensile tests and macroscopic and microscopic tests. The completed test results confirmed the process applicability and the quality of the joint.
Supramolecular Modeling of Molecularly Imprinted Chitosan-Resveratrol Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Tahir Iqmal , Yudha Ervan , Pradipta Mokhammad Fajar , Wijaya Karna , Mudasir Mudasir , Vebryana Marini Fairuz , Saviola Aldino Javier , Wahab Roswanira
Published: October 2024

The evaluation of chitosan and resveratrol interactions has been conducted using density functional theory (DFT) to model a slow-release system of the active ingredient resveratrol from the chitosan matrix. The geometry optimization method for modeling was selected using the DFT/B3LYP method with various basis sets. Molecularly imprinted chitosan (MIC) complex models with resveratrol were created in two different configurations. All models were optimized using selected computational methods. The optimized complex models were used to calculate interaction energies and analyze the non-covalent interactions between the MIC cavity and resveratrol. The MIC-resveratrol complex models formed relatively stable supramolecular complexes with a relatively low interaction energy of - 199 kJ/mol for omplex model namely B1 and formed four hydrogen bonds with bond lengths around 1.79-1.91 Å.
Synthesis of Silica-Based Imprinted Ionic from Rice Husk Ash for Adsorption of Ni(II)
Authors: Martini Tri , Hastuti Sri , Aliestyani Rafinda Marsha , Azzahra Pradnyawati
Published: October 2024

Imprinted ionic synthesis through the sol-gel process for Ni (II) adsorption has been carried out. Sodium silicate from rice husk ash (NaSiO3(RHA)), N1-(3 Trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (TMPDT) and Ni (II) are stirred, then 6 M HCl is added until a gel forms. Furthermore, 0.1 M EDTA and 0.1 M HNO3 were added to the dry gel to release Ni (II) to form-imprinted ionic material (SiO2-TMPDT-Ni-Imp). The material was characterized using FTIR, SAA, and SEM-EDX. FTIR characterization of SiO2-TMPDT-Ni-Imp indicated the appearance of-OH, -CH, -Si-O-and-NH absorption. The SAA characterization results show a surface area of 18.091 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.033 cc/g, and an average pore radius of 16.739 Å. The optimum conditions for Ni (II) adsorption by SiO2-TMPDT-Ni-Imp are pH four and a contact time of 100 minutes. The appropriate adsorption kinetic model for the absorption of Ni (II is pseudo-second order with an adsorption capacity of 6.9 mg/g. Keywords: Silica, imprinted ionic, rice husk ash, adsorption, Ni (II)
The Influence of Pigments on Ultrasonic Welding Behaviour of 3D Printed Components Using the Low Force Stereolithography Technology
Authors: Mnerie Gabriela-Victoria , Dobrin Emilia , Binchiciu Emilia-Florina , Buzatu Lavinia Ileana
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to study the strength characteristics of V4 resin components that are welded using ultrasonics. These components are created using the Low Force Stereolithography (LFS) technology, which reduces the printing forces for achieving the best possible finish. Welding components are 3D printed with a Form 3+ 3D printer, known for its high printing precision, employing a powerful laser and a spatial filter. Key characteristics of the ultrasonically welded components can be extracted, analysed, and summarized to provide guidance on the optimal resin selection.
Residual Fatigue Life Estimation of Damaged Welded Structures
Authors: Vasovic Maksimović Ivana , Maksimović Mirko , Djuric Mirjana , Ristic Marko , Vidakovic Jelena
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a finite element modeling procedure to determine of crack growth behaviour of butt welded joints under the subject of load for mode I. This paper presents a computation procedure to determine the ratio of fatigue crack growth in butt welded plates for mode I fracture mechanics loading conditions. The presence of residual stresses in welded structures can significantly affect the material’s resistance to fatigue under cyclic loading. The presence of tensile residual stresses adversely affects the fatigue crack growth rate increased it. Change of microstructure and hardening material as a result of the welding process also has a negative impact on the growth of the crack. Accurate prediction and reliable assessment of the residual stress are important for the structural integrity and residual life assessment of welded parts design. Although there are several techniques for the determination of residual stresses, the finite element method (FEM) is one of the most convenient and useful. This paper presents a finite element modeling procedure to determine of crack growth behaviour of butt welded joints under tensile load for mode I. Keywords: Welding, Residual stress, Residual life, Crack growth, FEM, Butt welded joint
Healing of Peyronie's disease after multimodal antioxidant treatment. A case series
Authors: Paulis Gianni , De Giorgio Giovanni , Paulis Andrea
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Peyronie’s disease (PD) is characterized by fibrosis of the penile tunica albuginea. Conservative treatment options may involve oral and/or injectable medications. Materials and methods: This case series includes four patients with PD in the first phase. The diagnosis of PD included a medical history; penile palpation; a physical examination of the penis, documenting penile deformity (Kelâmi method); penile dynamic Doppler ultrasound (PDDU) + elastography, measuring the plaque and calculating its volume (cm3), and the deformation index (strain ratio); and the completion of the following questionnaires: IIEF to assess erectile function, VAS to assess pain, and Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ) symptom bother to evaluate the psychosexual impact of the disease. Diagnostic follow-up evaluations were conducted before and every 6-12 months throughout the conservative treatment. The four patients were treated at our andrology clinic between January 2019 and November 2023. Our treatment included the following: bilberry, propolis, ginkgo biloba, silymarin, L-carnitine, coenzime Q-10, Boswellia, superoxide dismutase, vitamin E, vitamin C, topical diclofenac gel, propolis cream, and perilesional penile injections with pentoxifylline for cases involving penile plaques with volumes of > 0.100 cm3. Results: Complete resorption of the PD plaque after treatment occurred in all cases. The disappearance of Peyronie's plaque occurred over a period ranging from 18 to 36 months, in relation to the volume of the plaque.Conclusions: Despite the limited sample size in our study, these patients verifiably achieved the complete resorption of the affected disease area. Our results will provide useful insights for uroandrological clinical practice. Nevertheless, randomized controlled trials with a larger number of PD patients are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of multimodal antioxidant treatment.
Altieri modified Nesbit corporoplasty for the treatment of penile curvature: Comparison of local anesthesia vs loco-regional anesthesia on the clinical outcomes
Authors: Altieri Vincenzo Maria , Saldutto Pietro , Verratti Vittore , La Rocca Roberto , Di Mauro Ernesto , Celentano Giuseppe , Capece Marco , Morgera Vincenzo , Cacace Gianluigi , Vena Walter , Mastrangelo Francesco , Napolitano Luigi , Iacono Fabrizio
Published: October 2024

Objective: To compare the safety profile and clinical outcomes of Altieri-modified Nesbit corporoplasty using two different anesthesia methods including spinal anesthesia and local anesthesia. Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients with congenital penile curvature (CPC) and Peyronie’s disease (PD) underwent Altieri-modified Nesbit corporoplasty. Group 1 (n = 20) received spinal anesthesia, and Group 2 (n = 20) received local anesthesia. The patients were categorized into age groups (< 30 years, 31-45 years, 46-60 years, and 61-75 years) for analysis. Clinical outcomes, post-operative complications, hospital stay, pain levels, and other parameters were assessed. Results: The results showed that 2 patients (10%) reported postoperative complications, including headache, arterial hypotension, and penile foreskin necrosis from the spinal anesthesia group. Whereas, in the local anesthesia group, 1 patient (5%) reported scar phimosis. Further, post-operative pain was predominantly very mild, with 16 patients (80%) in the spinal anesthesia group and 14 patients (70%) in the local anesthesia group experiencing minimal discomfort. Age did not significantly impact hospital stay, post-operative intestinal disorders, constipation, lower urinary tract symptoms, voiding burning, or dysuria. Conclusions: Spinal anesthesia may lead to more post-operative complications and longer hospital stays compared to local anesthesia. Age does not significantly affect most clinical outcomes but can influence post-operative pain in patients receiving local anesthesia.
The Hand Patient: First Carpo-metacarpal Osteo-Arthrosis
Authors: Mennen U.
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
Concordance: A new way of thinking about 'compliance'?
Authors: Jobson Roy
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
Human Rabies: A tragedy that must be prevented
Authors: Durrheim D.N. , Ogunbanjo G.A. , Blumberg L. , Spear R. , Bishop G.C.
Published: October 2024

Human rabies is endemic throughout South Africa and every year a number of deaths occur, mainly in children largely due to bites from infected dogs, coupled to incorrect management after the exposure.The encephalomyelitis that follows central nervous system invasion bythe rabies lyssavirus is invariably fatal. However modern vaccines and immunoglobulin registered for use in South Africa are safe and very effective in preventing rabies when administered correctly before and after exposure. Unfortunately the prohibitive cost of rabies vaccine does not allow for prophylactic routine immunisation of all children or indeed for the immunisation of all animal bke victims in South Africa.This article reviews current best practice in determining which persons should receive pre-exposure vaccination and post-exposure treatment. lt updates and expands the clinical guidelines for rabies management prepared by the South Africa Department of Health, briefly discussing specific principles of management. In addition, the confirmation of diagnosis and approach to patient care are described.
Causes of death in people living with HIV: Lessons from five health facilities in Eswatini
Authors: Mafulu Yves , Khumalo Sukoluhle , Williams Victor , Ndabezitha Sandile , Nyandoro Elisha , Ndlovu Nkosana , Kay Alexander , Maseko Khetsiwe , Simelane Hlobsile , Gwebu Siphesihle , Musarapasi Normusa , Mafukidze Arnold , Bongomin Pido , Dube Nduduzo , Buzaalirwa Lydia , Dube Nkululeko , Haumba Samson
Published: October 2024

Background: Eswatini has a high HIV prevalence in adults and, despite being one of the first countries to achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets, AIDS-related deaths are still high.Objectives: This study describes the causes of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving care at five clinics in Eswatini.Method: A cross-sectional review of sociodemographic, clinical and mortality data of deceased clients who received care from 01 January 2021 to 30 June 2022, was conducted. Data were extracted from the deceased clients’ clinical records, and descriptive and comparative analysis was performed.Results: Of 257 clients, 52.5% (n = 135) were male, and the median age was 47 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 38, 59). The leading causes of death were non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (n = 59, 23.0%), malignancies (n = 37, 14.4%), COVID-19 (n = 36, 14.0%), and advanced HIV disease (AHD) (n = 24, 9.3%). Clients who had been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 12–60 months (OR: 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0006, 0.06) and 60 months (OR: 0.006; 95% CI: 0.0003, 0.029) had lower odds of death from AHD compared to those on ART for 12 months. Clients aged ≥ 40 years had higher odds of dying from COVID-19, while female clients (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.29, 5.70) had higher odds of death from malignancy.Conclusion: Most clients who died were aged 40 years and above and died from NCD-related causes, indicating a need to integrate prevention, screening, and treatment of NCDs into HIV services. Specific interventions targeting younger PLHIV will limit their risk for AHD.
Surveillance of Excess Mortality Based on Community Perceptions of Funeral Frequency in Northern Malawi during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Banda Jethro , Al Suwaidi Maitha , Crampin Amelia C. , Helleringer Stéphane
Published: October 2024

Supplementary methods of mortality surveillance are needed in settings with incomplete death registration. Local perceptions of mortality levels might be useful indicators of excess deaths. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed a survey question asking respondents to evaluate the recent frequency of funerals in their community relative to a pre-pandemic baseline. We asked this question of more than 400 residents of Karonga district in Malawi, who were interviewed up to five times during a panel survey conducted by mobile phone between June 2020 and May 2021. The proportion of respondents reporting more funerals than usual in their community increased in early 2021, indicating excess mortality not otherwise detected by case-based surveillance and only partially visible in reports of inpatient deaths at health facilities. Systems assessing changes in perceptions of mortality can be rapidly established during an epidemic and may help detect excess deaths at local levels.
Causes and Consequences of Persistent Anemia after 6 Months of Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania: An Observational Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Hau Duncan K. , Fadhil Salama , Lee Myung Hee , Desderius Bernard , Willkens Megan , Kalluvya Samuel E. , Tebuka Erius , Smart Luke R. , Peck Robert N.
Published: October 2024

Anemia is common among people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly in Africa. Outcomes for PLWH on modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are not well documented. We conducted an observational study to determine the outcomes and predictors of anemia after ART initiation in Tanzania. We enrolled and followed ART-naïve PLWH and HIV-uninfected individuals at three clinics in Tanzania. We grouped participants into four longitudinal categories based on hemoglobin concentration measured at baseline and 6 months after ART initiation (normal, resolved anemia, incident anemia, and persistent anemia) and followed them for 24 months. There were 991 study participants (494 PLWH, 497 HIV uninfected). After 6 months of ART, 33.9% of PLWH had persistent anemia and 9.9% had incident anemia compared with 12.6% and 9.6% for HIV-uninfected controls. Female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.91–6.75) and low income (aOR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.36–7.20) were strong predictors of persistent anemia for both PLWH and HIV-uninfected individuals. For PLWH, having a CD4+ T cell count of less than 350 cells/mm3 (aOR: 0.34; 95% Cl: 0.15–0.73) was significantly associated with anemia resolution. Mortality was higher for PLWH who had persistent anemia or incident anemia than for PLWH who had normal hemoglobin or improved anemia (hazard ratio: 4.0, 95% Cl 1.3–12.2). One-third of adults in Tanzania had persistent anemia after 6 months on ART, and persistent anemia was associated with increased mortality. PLWH with persistent or incident anemia after 6 months on modern ART deserve close follow-up, particularly women and low-income adults.
Dengue Virus Serotypes 1 and 2 Responsible for Dengue Burden in Amazonas: Epidemiological and Clinical Features
Authors: Burgos Fátima , Ramírez-Orrego Lourdes , Rojas Luis M. , Tapia-Limonchi Rafael , Gutierrez Carmen , Chenet Stella M.
Published: October 2024

The increase in dengue cases in Amazonas poses a public health risk. This study aimed to examine the circulating serotypes in the region of Amazonas, Peru, from 2021 to 2023, along with the associated clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Serotype identification was determined for 420 serum samples using a multiplex real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assay, revealing that 194 patients were infected by dengue virus (DENV)-1 and 226 by DENV-2. Both serotypes co-circulated in all affected provinces. Warning signs were more frequent in patients with DENV-2 (P = 0.004), and the manifestation of abdominal pain was correlated with this serotype (P = 0.004), highlighting its association with severe forms of the disease. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the widespread circulation of DENV-1 and DENV-2 in Amazonas. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of real-time molecular surveillance that could provide an early prognosis of disease severity.
Comparison of Four Chimeric Antigens and Commercial Serological Assays for the Diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection
Authors: Freitas Natália Erdens Maron , Campos Denis Augusto Argolo , Ferreira Randrin Queiroz Viana , Jesus Felipe Silva Santos de , Silva Ângelo Antônio Oliveira , Mota Cristiane Oliveira da , Marchini Fabricio Klerynton , Celedon Paola Alejandra Fiorani , Zanchin Nilson Ivo Tonin , Santos Fred Luciano Neves
Published: October 2024

Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a significant public health issue particularly in Latin America, affecting millions worldwide. Diagnosis is a challenge owing to the genetic diversity of T. cruzi and the complexities involved in selecting antigens for the detection of anti–T. cruzi antibodies. This study evaluated four chimeric recombinant antigens (IBMP-8.1, IBMP-8.2, IBMP-8.3, and IBMP-8.4) designed to enhance diagnostic accuracy by addressing assay variability. We compared the diagnostic performance of these chimeric antigens using indirect ELISA as a diagnostic platform, with three commercial serological assays in Brazil, analyzing 100 serum samples from individuals with confirmed CD and 86 from non-infected controls. The results revealed that all assays and antigens demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 100%, signifying their exceptional ability to distinguish between CD-positive and CD-negative samples. Notably, the chimeric antigens achieved 100% sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and kappa index, equaling or surpassing the commercial assays. This research highlights the efficacy of IBMP chimeric antigens as reliable diagnostic tools for CD, suggesting their potential integration into commercial diagnostic platforms to enhance the accuracy and reliability of CD detection.
Hypercalcemia and Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Disseminated Paracoccidioidomycosis
Authors: Diniz Renan Gomes Mendes , Da Silva Betina Nogueira , Domingues-Da-Silva Raoni De Oliveira , Arnone Marcelo , Belda Júnior Walter , Daher Elizabeth De Francesco , Andrade Lucia
Published: October 2024

Paracoccidioidomycosis is an acute to chronic systemic mycosis caused by the fungi Paracoccidioides. Hypercalcemia is a rare and not fully understood presentation of this infection. We present a case report of paracoccidioidomycosis associated with hypercalcemia and acute kidney injury (AKI) in an immunocompetent patient. An immunocompetent 30-year-old man from Brazil presented with papular erythematous-violaceous skin lesions, disseminated lymphadenopathy, pain in the left hypochondrium, fever with night sweats, and loss of 25 kilograms in 5 months. The result of a biopsy of the lesions was positive for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Laboratory findings were high total calcium and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, with low parathyroid hormone, low albumin, and AKI. Computed tomography scans revealed splenic infarcts without bone lesions. Treatment was performed with methylprednisolone and liposomal amphotericin B. Calcium levels and kidney function normalized within 20 days of hospitalization. The patient was discharged 49 days after admission. A follow-up 6 months later revealed total clinical and serological remission.
Oral Candidiasis in Acute Flaviviral Infection
Authors: Khalid Mohammad , Ravindra Prithvishree , Tirlangi Praveen Kumar , Bhat Rachana , UK Chandrashekar , Varma Muralidhar , Gupta Nitin
Published: October 2024

Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) is an endemic flaviviral hemorrhagic fever in south India. We report seven cases of oral candidiasis in patients from Karnataka, India, who presented in March and April 2024 with the first phase of KFD. Except for lymphopenia, no other risk factors for oral candidiasis were identified in these patients. All patients were managed with antifungals and did well at the 28-day follow-up. We report this case series to highlight the possibility of transient immunosuppression and the occurrence of opportunistic infections in flaviviral infections such as KFD.
Aluminum Alloy, Plate (7140-T7451) 6.6Zn - 1.8Cu - 2.0Mg - 0.10Zr Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved, and Overaged
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: October 2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 4.001 to 10.000 inches (101.60 to 254.00 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness.