bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PLAUR facilitates the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Qin Tianzi , Huang Minyu , Wei Wenjuan , Zhou Wei , Tang Qianli , Huang Qun , Tang Ning , Gai Shasha
Published: June 2024

Background

PLAUR has been found upregulated in various tumors and closely correlated with the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PLAUR and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its potential mechanism of promoting tumor progression.

Methods

The expression levels and clinical significance of PLAUR, along with the associated signaling pathways, were extensively investigated in ccRCC samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). PLAUR expression in 20 pairs of ccRCC tumor tissues and the adjacent tissues was assessed using qRT-PCR and IHC staining. Additionally, a series of in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of PLAUR suppression on cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in ccRCC. The Western blot analysis was employed to investigate the expression levels of pivotal genes associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Results

The expression of PLAUR was significantly upregulated in ccRCC compared to normal renal tissues, and higher PLAUR expression in ccRCC was associated with a poorer prognosis than low expression. The in-vitro functional investigations demonstrated that knockdown of PLAUR significantly attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of ccRCC cells. Concurrently, PLAUR knockdown effectively induced cellular apoptosis, modulated the cell cycle, inhibited the EMT process, and attenuated the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PLAUR may represent a key mechanism underlying ccRCC progression.

Conclusions

The involvement of PLAUR in ccRCC progression may be achieved through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, making it a reliable biomarker for the identification and prediction of ccRCC.
Investigating the eye movement characteristics of basketball players executing 3-point shot at varied intensities and their correlation with shot accuracy
Authors: Zhao Xuetong , Zhao Chunzhou , Liu Na , Li Sunnan
Published: June 2024

Background

The 3-point shot plays a significant and pivotal role in the historical context of basketball competitions. Visual attention exerts a crucial influence on the shooting performance of basketball players. This study aims to investigate the eye movement characteristics exhibited by high-level basketball players while executing 3-point shot at varying exercise intensities, as well as explore the correlation between these eye movement characteristics and 3-point field goal percentage.

Methods

A total of twenty highly skilled female basketball players were recruited as participants for this study. During the experiment, the participants wore an eye tracker to record their eye movement data while executing 3-point shot at varying exercise intensities (low, moderate, and high). The collected eye movement data was analyzed using Tobii Pro Lab software. Additionally, the participants’ exercise intensity was monitored by wearing Polar Team Pro sensors.

Results

The average number of fixations during the execution of a 3-point shot at three exercise intensities exhibited statistically significant differences in the front, bottom, top left, and bottom right. Moreover, notable disparities were observed in the average fixation duration for the front, bottom, and bottom right. The average total number of fixations and fixation duration in the moderate intensity shot were comparatively lower than those observed in the low and high intensity shots, while the average number of fixations and percentage of fixation duration on the front were relatively higher compared to those in the low and high intensity shots. Under varying intensities, there were no significant differences observed in the average number of fixations and the 3-point field goal percentage each AOI; however, a significantly positive correlation was found between the front average fixation duration and the 3-point field goal percentage.

Conclusion

During the execution of a moderate intensity 3-point shot, the player’s fixation is focused and stable, their information search strategy is efficient, and their information processing is precise. Variations in exercise intensity result in changes to both the information search strategy and degree of processing. Fixating on the front has a positive impact on 3-point field goal percentage.
Os ensinamentos de Paulo Freire enquanto possibilidades para a educação profissional e tecnológica
Authors: Moreira Simone Magela , Silva Alice Goulart da , Pereira Heloísa Cristina
Published: June 2024

Este artigo examina as questões fundamentais da teoria de Paulo Freire e suas possíveis relações com a proposta atual da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT). A análise enfoca elementos essenciais para uma Pedagogia Libertadora, sublinhando a importância da autonomia nos processos educativos e correlacionando-os com os principais pressupostos legais da EPT. Utilizando uma metodologia baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o estudo proporciona uma análise crítica e abrangente que busca estabelecer conexões entre os princípios freireanos e as diretrizes educacionais vigentes. Desta forma, promove uma educação cidadã, democrática e resistente às desigualdades sociais. O artigo explora como as legislações educacionais, a Constituição Federal de 1988 e a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, dialogam com a perspectiva de Freire, promovendo o desenvolvimento integral do indivíduo e sua preparação para o exercício pleno da cidadania e qualificação para o trabalho. Além disso, discute os desafios contemporâneos enfrentados pela EPT e como a implementação de práticas educativas inspiradas na teoria freireana podem contribuir para a emancipação e transformação social. Os resultados evidenciam a pertinência de uma abordagem educativa que não só qualifique tecnicamente, mas que também forme cidadãos críticos e conscientes, capazes de intervir positivamente na sociedade.
A Case of Postpartum Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Stitch in Time
Authors: Tripathi Pankti Umank , Patvekar Meenal M , Suryarao Prashant Dwarkanath
Published: June 2024

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a sudden, systemic, toxin-induced disease that leads to the failure of multiple organs. It is a potentially fatal illness that might occur in the postoperative period. A 30-year-old woman in her second pregnancy, who had given birth via elective Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS), presented to the Emergency Department on the tenth day after the surgery with septic features. She complained of a high-grade fever persisting for eight days, along with a rash that initially appeared on her upper limbs and gradually spread to her entire body. During the local examination, vulval excoriation with desquamation and peeling of the skin were observed. The imaging revealed a well-defined collection with heterogeneous enhancement in the infraumbilical region of the lower anterior abdominal wall. Multiple intralesional free air foci, primarily involving the bilateral rectus abdominis muscles, were also observed, along with mild fat stranding. These findings suggested an infective origin for the condition. The patient was stabilised and managed in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU). In order to combat the infection, broad-spectrum antibiotics with coverage against gram-negative bacteria were initiated. Subsequently, the patient developed a wound gap and underwent secondary wound closure. The present case report highlights the importance for healthcare practitioners to recognise the symptoms of postpartum TSS and take proactive measures to prevent its potential complications. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is an iatrogenic and life-threatening infection; hence, proper treatment with a multidisciplinary approach will prevent maternal morbidity and mortality
Balancing Act: Personalised Treatment with Self-ligating Brackets in a Case Involving Extraction
Authors: Pandey Ruchika , Kamble Ranjit , Mathew Jeni , Suchak Dhwani , Kanani Harikishan
Published: June 2024

The present report explores the use of self-ligating brackets in treating Class I malocclusion with mild crowding and a constricted maxillary arch. Self-ligating brackets, designed as an alternative to expansion appliances, prove effective in expanding the maxillary arch by allowing larger archwires. The benefits include reduced friction, potentially faster and more comfortable tooth movement, and easier dental hygiene. While commonly associated with non extraction orthodontics, self-ligating brackets are adaptable to cases requiring tooth extraction for severe crowding. This assessment guides a personalised treatment plan, which may involve extraction, with careful placement of self-ligating brackets on remaining teeth. Hereby, the authors present a case report of 15-yearold female patient showchasing a unique technique for dealing with such cases, in which the advantages of self-ligating brackets are utilised to alleviate crowding with much simpler movement while also enhancing confidence.
Hypokalaemic Periodic Paralysis in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report
Authors: Gaur Utkarsh
Published: June 2024

Periodic skeletal muscle weakness in Hypokalaemic Periodic Paralysis (HPP) can lead to respiratory muscle failure and mortality. This muscle weakness is caused by decrease in serum potassium levels (<3.5 mmol/dL), which can be either primary or secondary. The present case report describes an unusual presentation of HPP in a 37-year-old female with known Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), who complained of sudden-onset quadriparesis. Upon evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with hypokalaemia, and treatment for this condition resulted in marked improvement of the paresis. While there are several deadly neuromuscular causes of quadriparesis, dyselectrolytaemia should be evaluated and treated, especially in patients with autoimmune diseases. In such patients, hypokalaemia could be due to medications such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants like methotrexate, or as a result of underlying renal tubular acidosis. The present report adds to the scant literature on the association between RA and HPP through detailed clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and successful management with potassium supplementation.
Assessment of Thyroid Profiles (TSH, T3 and T4) in HIV Positive Patients at Central Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: L.E. Omolumen, , F.K. Iweka, , K.O. Iyevhobu, , K.O. Airhomwanbor, , O.S. Usiobeigbe, , A.A. Adelakun, , A.H. Bisiriyu, , R.E. Ikede, , C. Ugege, , M.M. Oboh, , E. Asibor , A.J. Adeji, , K.O. Obohwemu, , E.G. Oikerhe, , A.M. Akhigbe,
Published: June 2024

This study evaluated the thyroid profile (TSH, T3 and T4) of HIV positive subjects visiting Central Hospital in Benin City, Edo State. The subjects in this study comprise of HIV positive volunteers aged between 18 to 50 years attending Central Hospital Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. A total of 120 subjects were recruited for this study. The study comprises of eighty HIV positive subjects and forty apparently healthy subjects (controls). HIV serostatus was determined according to centre for disease and prevention. Plasma total TSH, T4 & T3 were quantitatively determined using enzyme immunoassay. TSH levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) in subjects (2.75±1.59 miu/ml) when compared with the control (1.92±1.11 miu/ml). T3 levels were not significantly lower (p>0.05) in subjects (1.32±0.63 ng/ml) when compared with the control (1.49±0.35 ng/ml). T4 levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in subjects (6.06±1.83 µg/dl) when compared with the control (7.09±1.78 µg/dl). The results showed a significant non-increased in TSH (p>0.05) in subjects who had been on drugs within 11-15years, when compared with others. T3 and T4 levels were higher (p>0.05) in subjects who had been on drugs within 16-20 years when compared with other subjects. In conclusion, TSH levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) in subjects when compared with the control, and T4 levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in subjects when compared with the control. Larger studies are needed to examine the epidemiology and health consequences of mild thyroid dysfunction in HIV-infected subjects and to better inform screening and treatment guidelines.
Investigation of Potential Probiotic Bacterium (Bacillus subtilis CCI3) in the Formulated Diets on Immunity, Growth Performance and Nutritional Quality of Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Dhotre Manisha Ashok , Nalle Datta Ashok , Kadam Suraj
Published: June 2024

In the present investigation Bacillus subtilis CCI3 was evaluated for use as a probiotic supplement in the feeds for the fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio. The outcome of supplement on the feed utilization efficiency, growth performance, and immune response was evaluated.  Cyprinus carpio fingerlings (avg. wt. 27.75 ± 0.045 g) were fed feed supplement with 2 x 104 (feed BS1), 2 x 105 (feed BS2) and 2 x106 (feed BS3) Bacillus subtilis cells per 100g feed for 60 days @ 5 % of the body weight per day in two equal installments in triplicate treatments. The control diet (CC) was not supplemented with the Bacillus subtilis. All the feeds are isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Feed BS2 fed fishes showed better growth, significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher protein efficiency ratio (PER), highest RNA: DNA ratio and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the other experimental feeds. Feed BS2 fed fishes also showed highest carcass protein and lipid than the others. Intestinal protease and α – amylase activity was observed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in BS2 feed treated fishes and also significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greatest GPT and GOT values were observed in feed BS2 fed fishes but lowest in control (C). Highest TSP, albumin, globulin was observed in BS2 treated fishes after 60 days feeding trial. But lowest glucose level was observed in the same treatment. TEC, TLC, Hct and Hb values were highest in BS2 treated fishes. After feeding trial the specific and non-specific immunity levels and disease resistance of fish were also studied. NBT, antibody titer and serum bacterial activity were highest in diet BS2 fed fishes. After feeding trial the fishes were challenged for 10 days by bath exposure to Aeromonas sp. (A2) [105 CFU ml-1, 1hr. and after 7 days 107 CFU ml-1, 1hr].
Effect of Land Configurations and Varieties on Yield and Economics of Summer Groundnut
Authors: Bharade S.S. , Asewar B.V. , Satale B.M.
Published: June 2024

The field investigation was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, VNMKV, Parbhani, during summer season to find out results of yield and economic parameters. The experimental field was levelled and well drain. The soil was clay in texture, low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorous, medium in potash and alkaline in reaction. The experiment was laid out in a Split plot design with 12 treatment combinations, which comprised of four land configurations and three varieties. The main plots treatments were L1- Ridges and furrows, L2- BBF, L3- Sara method and L4- Flat beds and varieties were LGN-1, TAG-24, and SB-XI. Each experimental unit was replicated three times. Amongst land configuration BBF recorded significantly higher yield parameters viz., Dry pod yield plant-1 (g), 100 kernel weight (g), kernel yield (kg ha-1), Dry pod yield (kg ha-1), haulm yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1), harvest index (%) and in Economic parameter gross monetary returns (Rs ha-1), net monetary returns (Rs ha-1) and Benefit cost ratio (%) followed by Ridges and furrows. Among the varieties TAG-24 recorded highest values of yield and economic parameters as compared to the varieties SB-XI and LGN-1.
Assessment of Integrated Nutrients on Soil Health Parameters and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) var. Sarna
Authors: Chaudhury Palash , David Arun Alfred , Bharose Ram , Thomas Tarence , Toppo Neha , Singh Manveer
Published: June 2024

A randomized block design having two factors with three levels of @ NPK 0, 50, and 100% ha-1, three levels of @ FYM 0, 50 and 100% ha-1 and Azospirillum respectively. The best treatment was effect on physical and chemical property of soil and yield attributes in T8 (NPK @100% + FYM @ 6 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 1 kg ha-1) of rice. Post-harvest soil and pre harvest plant resulted significantly maximum values of percentage pore space (%) with depth 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm 49.89 % and 47.55 %, water holding capacity (%) with depth 0- 15 cm and 15-30 cm 44.66 % and 43.22 % , EC (dS m-1 ) with depth 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm 0.26 dS m-1 and 0.22 dS m-1 , organic carbon (%) with depth 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm  0.67% and 0.63% , Av. Nitrogen (kg ha-1 ) with depth 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm 295.09 kg ha-1 and 291.76 kg ha-1 , Av. Phosphorus (kg ha-1 ) with depth 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm 31.45 kg ha-1 and 29.27 kg ha-1 , Av. Potassium (kg ha-1 ) with depth 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm 213.89 kg ha-1 and 20.323 kg ha-1 , The maximum cost benefit ratio (C:B) 1:3.19, maximum gross return 1,85,612.00, maximum net profit 1,27,488.00 ha-1 and highest Grain yield as 44.86 q ha-1 , straw yield 63.88 q ha-1 with T8 (NPK @100% + FYM 6 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 1 kg ha-1).
Unlocking Natures Secret: Revealing the Culprit Behind Maharashtra Papaya Ringspot Disease
Authors: Kolase Sanjay , Jagtap Sachin , Khaire Pravin
Published: June 2024

The papaya ringspot disease (PRSD) in Western Maharashtra, India, it is a big threat to cause complete loss in papaya cultivation and the symptomatology of this disease is still insufficient to identify with accuracy to manage the disease. Therefore, the current research was conducted during year 2020-21 with objective to check the occurrence and severity of disease in five major papaya growing districts (Ahmednagar, Pune, Sangli and Satara and Solapur) by using 0-4 disease rating scale. The further studies on Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were employed for identification of virus associated with it. The result of the survey shows that, Ahmednagar having the highest incidence at 87.50%, followed by Solapur (68.75%). In surveyed area Taiwan-786 papaya cultivar found everywhere and revealing an average disease incidence ranging from 10.41 to 87.50%. Common symptoms were found including light leaf discoloration, mosaic patterns, chlorotic patches, leaf curling, stunting, blisters, and fruit deformation. The ringspot virus is characterized by distinctive features such as green ice-land, shoe string formation, pale oily greasy streaks, and ringspots on leaves, fruits, and stems. The TEM studies confirmed the presence of flexible rod-shaped particles of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) in infected samples.
Measurements of Some Products Sold in the Peripheral Markets of Bandundu City by Male and Female Gardeners in February 2023
Authors: Fernand Mamanya Tapasa , Jacques Muziazia Lupemba , Jonathan Opfointshi Matondo , Leonard Kifoti Kiyala , Bertine Mbongompasi , Gladys Nabadiata Mbala , Camile Likotelo Binene , Joe Balanga Koko
Published: June 2024

In this article, we present, after a survey carried out on the ground, in the City of Bandundu, estimated measurements of the quantities (weight, number and nutritional value) of some products sold by the market gardeners of this city and that the Bandundians consume regularly. We bought some products sold by the market gardeners of this city which we counted, weighed and evaluated the nutritional value in order to say at the end if the inhabitants of this city know how to evaluate what they consume.
Original Research Article Unravelling the Genetic Divergence and Trait Association for Yield and Its Component Traits among Germplasm Lines in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Channabasava  , Nidagundi J. M. , S Gurumurthy , Kuchanur P. H. , Lokesh G. Y. , Lakshmikanth M. , Meena M. K.
Published: June 2024

The current study was focused on unravelling the genetic basis for seed cotton yield and yield attributing traits with an emphasis on isolating most potential germplasm accessions. A set of 192 cotton germplasm accessions were evaluated in augmented design for two seasons (2022 and 2023) in two different environments. The observations on yield and yield attributing traits were recorded at the time of harvest and advanced for essential statistical analysis. The results of correlation analysis indicated the presence of significant and positive correlation between seed cotton yield with number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, lint yield, boll weight and lint index, indicating selection for these traits indirectly enhance the seed cotton yield. While diversity analysis categorized germplasm accessions into eight different clusters. The results indicated the existence of adequate genetic diversity among the germplasm lines which can be exploited to manifest higher magnitude of heterosis through hybridization of genotypes belonging to different clusters.
The Role of Open Data in Driving Sectoral Innovation and Global Economic Development
Authors: Okunleye Olalekan Jamiu
Published: June 2024

This study assessed the transformative impact of implementing open data principles on fostering innovation across various sectors and enhancing global economic development. Using a comprehensive analysis of secondary data from government portals, industry reports, and global innovation indexes between 2015 to 2019, the research employed panel data regression, correlation analysis, and descriptive statistics to evaluate key relationships. The findings indicate that the availability of open data significantly increases innovation outputs, with robust statistical evidence showing positive correlations between open data sets and sector-specific innovation metrics such as patents filed, R&D expenditure, and the number of startups created. Greater interoperability of open data across international borders contributes to economic growth, particularly through international joint ventures. However, the lack of standardized data formats hampers cross-sector collaboration. Regions with well-established open data policies demonstrate faster technological advancements and economic development compared to regions without such policies. The study highlighted the critical importance of promoting open data initiatives, standardizing data formats, strengthening data governance frameworks, and investing in digital infrastructure and capacity building to optimize open data utilization and drive sustainable development.
Aktienindexregeln als Instrument der Corporate Governance — Inhalte, Rechtsnatur und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis
Authors: Seibt Christoph H. , Denninger Philip
Published: June 2024

Aktienindexregeln sind bedeutende Instrumente zur Gestaltung der Corporate Governance börsennotierter Unternehmen geworden. Indexanbieter haben in den vergangenen Jahren ihre Anforderungen an die einbezogenen Unternehmen - zum Teil auf Kapitalmarktdruck hin - signifikant erhöht. Sie stellen für eine Indexzugehörigkeit längst nicht mehr nur auf vorrangig quantitative Aspekte ab, sondern haben zunehmend auch qualitative Anforderungen an Unternehmen, insbesondere in Form sog. „Basiskriterien“, in ihre Indexregeln aufgenommen. Dieser Bedeutungszuwachs ist von großen Teilen der Unternehmenspraxis (aber auch der rechtswissenschaftlichen Forschung) noch nicht realisiert und in die aktive Corporate Governance-Gestaltung aufgenommen worden. Dieser Beitrag behandelt daher das Geschäftsmodell und den regulatorischen Rahmen für Aktienindizes und zeigt auf, welche Anforderungen und welche Handlungsspielräume insoweit für eine umsichtig handelnde Unternehmensleitung bestehen.
Anteile an „beherrschungsvermittelnden“ Kapitalgesellschaften als SBV II
Authors: Werthebach Felix
Published: June 2024

Anteile an Kapitalgesellschaften stellen häufig SBV II im Rahmen einer Mitunternehmerschaft dar, wenn sie mit ihr in einem hinreichenden Sachzusammenhang stehen. Der Verfasser analysiert, ob und unter welchen Voraussetzungen dies für Anteile an „beherrschungsvermittelnden“ Kapitalgesellschaften im Rahmen einer Betriebsaufspaltung gelten kann und zeigt auf, dass eine Eigenschaft als notwendiges SBV II in aller Regel nicht in Betracht kommen wird. Allerdings besteht die Möglichkeit, die Anteile als gewillkürtes SBV II zu behandeln.
Environmentally induced migration, theoretical and methodological research challenges
Authors: Afifi Tamer , Warner Koko , Rosenfeld Therese
Published: November 2012

In the last decade, more and more attention has been given to the impact of environmental problems on migration. In particular, after the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005 more light was shed on the issue and the international community became aware of the fact that climate change is going to affect not only developing countries. Hence, the debate on environmentally induced migration has intensified and the academic community has started to recognize the need for an empirical base upon which any claim about the relationship between the environment and human migration could be substantiated or rejected. Nevertheless, new multidisciplinary research areas require the support of various donors and concerned institutions.
Human rights, class, race, and inequality
Authors: Farias Ruben Antonio
Published: November 2012

What do the passage of the anti‐immigration law, SB‐1070, in Arizona, the social uprisings – usually called riots – in England, and Norway's domestic terrorist attack have in common? These varied events demonstrate in dramatic fashion that, in our globalized world, international migration, human rights (HR), and issues of class and race areinextricably linked.
The Role of Hierarchical Morphologies in the Superior Gas Sensing Performance of CuO‐Based Chemiresistors
Authors: Volanti Diogo P. , Felix Anderson A. , Orlandi Marcelo O. , Whitfield George , Yang Dae‐Jin , Longo Elson , Tuller Harry L. , Varela José A.
Published: November 2012

The development of gas sensors with innovative designs and advanced functional materials has attracted considerable scientific interest given their potential for addressing important technological challenges. This work presents new insight towards the development of high‐performance p‐type semiconductor gas sensors. Gas sensor test devices, based on copper (II) oxide (CuO) with innovative and unique designs (urchin‐like, fiber‐like, and nanorods), are prepared by a microwave‐assisted synthesis method. The crystalline composition, surface area, porosity, and morphological characteristics are studied by X‐ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Gas sensor measurements, performed simultaneously on multiple samples, show that morphology can have a substantial influence on gas sensor performance. An assembly of urchin‐like structures is found to be most effective for hydrogen detection in the range of parts‐per‐million at 200 °C with 300‐fold larger response than the previously best reported values for semiconducting CuO hydrogen gas sensors. These results show that morphology plays an important role in the gas sensing performance of CuO and can be effectively applied in the further development of gas sensors based on p‐type semiconductors.
Zinc Gallogermanate Solid Solution: A Novel Photocatalyst for Efficiently Converting CO2 into Solar Fuels
Authors: Yan Shicheng , Wang Jiajia , Gao Honglin , Wang Nanyan , Yu He , Li Zhaosheng , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang
Published: November 2012

As global energy demand continues to grow, the need to find a carbon‐neutral and sustainable energy source for future generations has become imperative. An especially attractive solution is to store solar energy in the form of chemical fuel via artificial photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons. An artificial photosynthesis system is introduced based on a zinc gallogermanate solid solution photocatalyst that can convert the carbon dioxide and water into methane. The solid solution of cubic spinel ZnGa2O4 and pseudocubic inverse spinel Zn2GeO4 is successfully synthesized by hydrothermal ion exchange reaction. Introducing Zn2GeO4 into ZnGa2O4 can effectively narrow band gap by the upshift of valence band edge from the enhanced p‐d (O2p‐Zn3d) repulsion effect by incorporating s and p orbitals of Ge, and the downshift of conduction band edge by introducing the low‐energy s orbital of Ge. The zinc gallogermanate solid solution has a light‐hole effective mass, which is beneficial to improving hole mobility, and thus enhancing the ability of photocatalyst in water oxidation to provide protons for CO2 photoreduction. As a result of band gap narrowing and high hole mobility, the zinc gallogermanate solid solution exhibits high activity in converting CO2 and H2O into CH4 and O2.
Surface Bound Amine Functional Group Density Influences Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance
Authors: Harding Frances , Goreham Renee , Short Robert , Vasilev Krasimir , Voelcker Nicolas H.
Published: November 2012

Gradient surfaces are highly effective tools to screen and optimize cell– surface interactions. Here, the response of embryonic stem (ES) cell colonies to plasma polymer gradient surfaces is investigated. Surface chemistry ranged from pure allylamine (AA) plasma polymer on one end of the gradient to pure octadiene (OD) plasma polymer on the other end. Optimal surface chemistry conditions for retention of pluripotency were identified. Expression of the stem cell markers alkaline phosphatase (AP) and Oct4 varied with the position of the ES cell colonies across the OD‐AA plasma polymer gradient. Both markers were more strongly retained on the OD plasma polymer rich regions of the gradients. The observed variation of expression across the plasma polymer gradient increased with duration of stem cell culture. While maximum cell adhesion to the gradient substrate occurred at a nitrogen‐ to‐carbon (N/C ratio) of approximately 0.1, Oct4 and AP expression was best retained at an N/C ratio < 0.04. Stem cell marker expression correlated with colony size and morphology: more compact, multilayered colonies with prominent F‐actin staining arose as the N/C ratio decreased. Disruption of actin polymerization using Y‐27632 ROCK inhibitor resulted in a collapse of the multilayer colony structure into monolayers with limited cell–cell contact. A corresponding decrease in expression of AP and Oct4 was observed. Oct4 expression along with 3D colony morphology was partially rescued on the OD plasma polymer rich regions of the gradient.
Nanospiderwebs: Artificial 3D Extracellular Matrix from Nanofibers by Novel Clinical Grade Electrospinning for Stem Cell Delivery
Authors: Alamein Mohammad A. , Liu Qin , Stephens Sebastien , Skabo Stuart , Warnke Frauke , Bourke Robert , Heiner Peter , Warnke Patrick H.
Published: November 2012

Novel clinical grade electrospinning methods could provide three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructured biomaterials comprising of synthetic or natural biopolymer nanofibers. Such advanced materials could potentially mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) accurately and may provide superior niche‐like spaces on the subcellular scale for optimal stem‐cell attachment and individual cell homing in regenerative therapies. The goal of this study was to design several novel “nanofibrous extracellular matrices” (NF‐ECMs) with a natural mesh‐like 3D architecture through a unique needle‐free multi‐jet electrospinning method in highly controlled manner to comply with good manufacturing practices (GMP) for the production of advanced healthcare materials for regenerative medicine, and to test cellular behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) on these.

Biopolymers manufactured as 3D NF‐ECM meshes under clinical grade GMP‐like conditions show higher intrinsic cytobiocompatibility with superior cell integration and proliferation if compared to their 2D counterparts or a clinically‐approved collagen membrane.
Managing Magnetic Nanoparticle Aggregation and Cellular Uptake: a Precondition for Efficient Stem‐Cell Differentiation and MRI Tracking
Authors: Fayol Delphine , Luciani Nathalie , Lartigue Lenaic , Gazeau Florence , Wilhelm Claire
Published: November 2012

The labeling of stem cells with iron oxide nanoparticles is increasingly used to enable MRI cell tracking and magnetic cell manipulation, stimulating the fields of tissue engineering and cell therapy. However, the impact of magnetic labeling on stem‐cell differentiation is still controversial. One compromising factor for successful differentiation may arise from early interactions of nanoparticles with cells during the labeling procedure. It is hypothesized that the lack of control over nanoparticle colloidal stability in biological media may lead to undesirable nanoparticle localization, overestimation of cellular uptake, misleading MRI cell tracking, and further impairment of differentiation. Herein a method is described for labeling mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), in which the physical state of citrate‐coated nanoparticles (dispersed versus aggregated) can be kinetically tuned through electrostatic and magnetic triggers, as monitored by diffusion light scattering in the extracellular medium and by optical and electronic microscopy in cells. A set of statistical cell‐by‐cell measurements (flow cytometry, single‐cell magnetophoresis, and high‐resolution MRI cellular detection) is used to independently quantify the nanoparticle cell uptake and the effects of nanoparticle aggregation. Such aggregation confounds MRI cell detection as well as global iron quantification and has adverse effects on chondrogenetic differentiation. Magnetic labeling conditions with perfectly stable nanoparticles—suitable for obtaining differentiation‐capable magnetic stem cells for use in cell therapy—are subsequently identified.
Rational Design of Hybrid Nanostructures for Advanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Rawalekar Sachin , Mokari Taleb
Published: November 2012

Nanocatalysis has been a growing field over the past few decades with significant developments in understanding the surface properties of nanocatalysts. With recent advances in synthetic methods, size, shape and composition of the nanoparticles can be controlled in a well defined manner which facilitates achieving selective reaction products in multipath reactions. Nanoparticles with specific exposed crystal facets can have different reactivity than other facets for reaction intermediates, which favours selective pathways during the course of reaction. Heterogeneous catalysts have been studied extensively; nano‐sized metal particles are absorbed on mesoporus supports, facilitating access to the large surface area of the nanoparticles and hence exposure of more catalytic sites. Photocatalysis is attractive area of catalysis, in which photoinduced charge carriers are used for a variety of catalytic applications. More interestingly, clean and renewable liquid fuels energy sources such as hydrogen and methyl alcohol can be generated using photocatalysts through water splitting and CO2 reduction, respectively. Herein, we highlight the progress of nanocatalysis through metal, bimetallic nanoparticle, metal‐semiconductor hybrid nanostructures and oxide nanoparticles for various reactions.
Experimental evaluation of an approach to online redesign of experiments for parameter determination
Authors: Barz Tilman , López Cárdenas Diana C. , Arellano‐Garcia Harvey , Wozny Günter
Published: November 2012

The online redesign of experiments for parameter determination of nonlinear dynamic systems has been studied recently by different research groups. In this article, this technique is assessed in a real case study for the first time. The presented algorithm adopts well‐known concepts from model‐based control. Compared to previous studies, special attention is given to the efficient treatment of the underlying nonlinear and possibly ill‐conditioned parameter estimation and experiment design problems. These problems are solved with single shooting and gradient‐based nonlinear programming (NLP) solvers. We use an initial value solver, which generates first‐ and second‐order sensitivities to compute exact derivatives of the problem functions. As a special feature, we propose the integration of a local parameter identifiability analysis and a corresponding algorithm that generates well‐conditioned problems. The practical applicability is demonstrated by experimental application to a chromatography column system where A, D, and E optimal experiments are performed. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1981–1995, 2013
Sex‐Related Shape Dimorphism in the Human Radiocarpal and Midcarpal Joints
Authors: Kivell Tracy L. , Guimont Isabelle , Wall Christine E.
Published: November 2012

Previous research has revealed significant size differences between human male and female carpal bones but it is unknown if there are significant shape differences as well. This study investigated sex‐related shape variation and allometric patterns in five carpal bones that make up the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints in modern humans. We found that many aspects of carpal shape (76% of all variables quantified) were similar between males and females, despite variation in size. However, 10 of the shape ratios were significantly different between males and females, with at least one significant shape difference observed in each carpal bone. Within‐sex standard major axis regressions (SMA) of the numerator (i.e., the linear variables) on the denominator (i.e., the geometric mean) for each significantly different shape ratio indicated that most linear variables scaled with positive allometry in both males and females, and that for eight of the shape ratios, sex‐related shape variation is associated with statistically similar sex‐specific scaling relationships. Only the length of the scaphoid body and the height of the lunate triquetrum facet showed a significantly higher SMA slope in females compared with males. These findings indicate that the significant differences in the majority of the shape ratios are a function of subtle (i.e., not statistically significant) scaling differences between males and females. There are a number of potential developmental, functional, and evolutionary factors that may cause sex‐related shape differences in the human carpus. The results highlight the potential for subtle differences in scaling to result in functionally significant differences in shape. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological Variation of Primary Reproductive Structures in Males of Five Families of Neotropical Bats
Authors: Beguelini Mateus R. , Puga Cíntia C. I. , Martins Fabiane F. , Betoli AndrÉ H. S. , Taboga Sebastião R. , Morielle‐Versute Eliana
Published: November 2012

Bats present unique features among mammals with respect to reproduction, and although neotropical bats do not have a hibernation period, many of their reproductive characteristics vary seasonally and interspecifically. Thus, this work aimed to examine the reproductive structures of 18 species belonging to five families of Brazilian bats. The gross anatomy of the testes varied little; however, the epididymis of Emballonuridae and Vespertilionidae showed exceptional structures with a large elongation of the caudal region. We observed a wide variation in the positioning of the testes: Phyllostomidae and Noctilionidae presented external testes; Emballonuridae and Molossidae presented migratory testes that may be in intra‐abdominal or external positions; and Vespertilionidae displayed scrotal testes. In the histological evaluation, we observed a different pattern in vespertilionid species, with testicular regression and sperm retention/storage in the cauda epididymis in the five species analyzed. Similar testicular regression was observed in Molossops temminckii; however, sperm retention/storage was not observed in this species. These data suggest that although the species analyzed are tropical species that do not present a prolonged period of torpor (hibernation), they still maintain a period of seminiferous tubule regression and sperm storage very similar to that observed in hibernating bats. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of sleep problems in central pain processing in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lee Yvonne C. , Lu Bing , Edwards Robert R. , Wasan Ajay D. , Nassikas Nicholas J. , Clauw Daniel J. , Solomon Daniel H. , Karlson Elizabeth W.
Published: November 2012

Objective

Among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, the intensity of pain may be out of proportion to the severity of peripheral inflammation. This observation suggests that mechanisms of central nervous system pain amplification, such as diminished conditioned pain modulation (CPM), may play a role in enhancing pain perception among some RA patients. This study was undertaken to examine the level of CPM, pressure–pain threshold, and pressure–pain tolerance among RA patients compared to healthy controls.

Methods

Fifty‐eight female RA patients and 54 age‐matched female control subjects without chronic pain underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST) to assess CPM levels, pressure–pain thresholds, and pressure–pain tolerance levels. CPM was induced using a cold water bath, and the pain threshold (when patients first felt pain) and pain tolerance (when pain was too much to bear) were assessed with an algometer. Associations between RA and each QST outcome were analyzed using linear regression. Sleep problems, mental health, and inflammation were assessed as mediators of the relationship between RA and QST outcomes.

Results

The median CPM level was 0.5 kg/cm2 (interquartile range [IQR] −0.1, 1.6) among RA patients, compared to a median of 1.5 kg/cm2 (IQR −0.1, 2.5) among controls (P = 0.04). RA patients, compared to controls, had a lower pain threshold and lower pain tolerance at the wrists (each P ≤ 0.05). In addition, RA patients had greater problems with sleep, pain catastrophizing, depression, and anxiety (P < 0.0001 versus controls). Results of mediation analyses suggested that low CPM levels might be attributed, in part, to sleep disturbance (P = 0.04).

Conclusion

RA patients have impaired CPM when compared to pain‐free control subjects. Sleep problems may mediate the association between RA and attenuated CPM.
Interleukin‐17A stimulates granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor release by murine osteoblasts in the presence of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and inhibits murine osteoclast development in vitro
Authors: Balani Deepak , Aeberli Daniel , Hofstetter Willy , Seitz Michael
Published: November 2012

Objective

To investigate the effects of interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) on osteoclastogenesis in vitro.

Methods

Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were isolated from the excised tibia and femora of wild‐type C57BL/6J mice, and osteoblasts were obtained by sequential digestion of the calvariae of ddY, C57BL/6J, and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor–knockout (GM‐CSF−/−) mice. Monocultures of BMCs or cocultures of BMCs and osteoblasts were supplemented with or without 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3), recombinant human macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), RANKL, and IL‐17A. After 5–6 days, the cultures were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and subsequently stained for the osteoclast marker enzyme tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and GM‐CSF expression were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and transcripts for RANK and RANKL were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

In both culture systems, IL‐17A alone did not affect the development of osteoclasts. However, the addition of IL‐17A plus 1,25(OH)2D3 to cocultures inhibited early osteoclast development within the first 3 days of culture and induced release of GM‐CSF into the culture supernatants. Furthermore, in cocultures of GM‐CSF−/− mouse osteoblasts and wild‐type mouse BMCs, IL‐17A did not affect osteoclast development, corroborating the role of GM‐CSF as the mediator of the observed inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by IL‐17A.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that IL‐17A interferes with the differentiation of osteoclast precursors by inducing the release of GM‐CSF from osteoblasts.
PLD4 as a novel susceptibility gene for systemic sclerosis in a Japanese population
Authors: Terao Chikashi , Ohmura Koichiro , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Nishimoto Tetsuya , Kawasaki Aya , Takehara Kazuhiko , Furukawa Hiroshi , Kochi Yuta , Ota Yuko , Ikari Katsunori , Sato Shinichi , Tohma Shigeto , Yamada Ryo , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Kubo Michiaki , Yamanaka Hisashi , Kuwana Masataka , Tsuchiya Naoyuki , Matsuda Fumihiko , Mimori Tsuneyo
Published: November 2012

Objective

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease for which multiple susceptibility genes have been reported. Genome‐wide association studies have shown that large numbers of susceptibility genes are shared among autoimmune diseases. Recently, our group identified 9 novel susceptibility genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Japanese population. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the 18 genes that displayed associations or suggestive associations for RA in our previous study are associated with SSc in Japanese.

Methods

We performed an association study that included 415 patients with SSc and 16,891 control subjects, followed by a replication study that included 315 patients and 21,054 control subjects. The 18 markers reported to display association with RA were analyzed for their associations with SSc in the first study, and 5 markers were further analyzed in the replication study. The inverse variance method was used to evaluate the associations of these markers with SSc in a combined study.

Results

In the phospholipase D4 gene (PLD4), rs2841277 displayed a significant association with SSc in Japanese patients (P = 0.00017). We observed that rs2841280 in exon 2 of PLD4 was in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs2841277 and introduced an amino acid alteration. We also observed associations between SSc and rs6932056 in TNFAIP3 and rs2280381 in IRF8 (P = 0.0000095 and P = 0.0030, respectively), both of which displayed associations with SSc in a European population.

Conclusion

We determined that PLD4 is a novel susceptibility gene for SSc in Japanese, thus confirming the involvement of PLD4 in autoimmunity. Associations between SSc and TNFAIP3 or IRF8 were also detected in our Japanese population. SSc and RA appear to share relatively large proportions of their genetic backgrounds.