bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of electric bike with sliding frame
Authors: Sumbodo Wirawan , Wahyudi W , Setiadi Rizki , Kriswanto K , Arif Budiman
Published: August 2021

Transportation is important for humans. Generally, the means of transportation use machines that can pollute the environment. The use of fuel oil which is used as a driving force for vehicles can be the main cause of the release of various pollutants. Emissions generated by internal combustion engines can cause many losses. Losses due to emissions include losses on health, the environment, and economic impacts. Besides, the amount of fuel oil resources is decreasing every year. For that to anticipate this need development electric bike. The campus environment, especially that of the more established universities, has entered the public consciousness as being a haven for electric bike use. The main advantages of electric bikes are economical and environmentally friendly. The objectives of this study were (1) to design an electric bike, (2) to analyze the strength of the sliding frame of an electric bike, (3) to test the distance traveled by an electric bike. The research method used research and development. The results of the research are (1) an electric bike design with a sliding frame has been created, (2) the results of the frame analysis using iron material, the von mises stress 49.98 MPa, a maximum displacement of 0.125 mm, and a safety factor is 3. (3) Based on the test track, an electric bike using a sliding frame can travel a distance of 75 km with a maximum speed of 25 km/hour.
The episodic man: How a psychological biography of Donald J. Trump casts new light on empirical research into narrative identity
Authors: McAdams Dan P.
Published: August 2021

People make meaning through life narrative. The central thesis of my book-length psychological biography of Donald Trump is that the 45th president of the United States defied this general meaning-making tendency and epitomized instead the episodic man. Like no other president in modern history, Trump seems to be nearly devoid of a narrative identity, which is an internalized and evolving story of the self that reconstructs the personal past and imagines the future in order to provide life with temporal continuity and meaning. Instead, Trump has always lived in the emotionally vivid moment (episode), fighting to win each moment, moment by discrete moment. Seeing him through the lens of the episodic man helps to explain many puzzling features of Donald Trump’s personality, from his charismatic effect on millions of Americans to his penchant for lying and malice. Importantly, the analysis of Trump’s episodic nature informs the scientific study of narrative identity and meaning making more generally, suggesting that people vary not only with respect to the kinds of stories they create for their lives but also with respect to the extent to which they construe life in narrative terms. Therefore, the analysis of Trump illustrates the potentially reciprocal relationship between the idiographic case and the nomothetic effort to develop and evaluate more general scientific hypotheses.
Obravnava bolnikov z motnjami glasu, govora in požiranja v času pandemije covida-19
Authors: Hocevar Boltezar Irena
Published: August 2021

Motnje glasu, govora in požiranja niso redke, najbolj pa prizadenejo profesionalne uporabnike glasu, otroke in odrasle s prirojenimi anomalijami ali nevrološkimi motnjami ter bolnike po zdravljenju raka glave in vratu. Foniater je otorinolaringolog, ki obravnava te motnje. Osnovne preiskave foniatra so endoskopske preiskave grla ter fleksibilna endoskopska analiza požiranja. Kirurški posegi se izvajajo v grlu v splošni ali lokalni anesteziji. V času pandemije covida-19 se je zaradi teh visoko tveganih posegov z nastajanjem aerosola delo foniatra prilagodilo situaciji. Iz preglednih člankov in po stališčih Združenja evropskih foniatrov (angl. Union of the European Phoniatricians, UEP) so povzeta priporočila o načinu in potrebnosti izvajanja diagnostičnih in terapevtskih postopkov. Bistvenega pomena je dosledna uporaba osebne zaščitne opreme, upoštevanje čiščenja in zračenja prostorov ter s tem povezana razpoložljivost zadostnega časa za obravnavo posameznega bolnika. Za vsakega bolnika je potrebna individualna odločitev, ali se preiskava izpelje, ali pa jo je možno vsaj delno nadomestiti z drugo preiskavo, ki ne predstavlja take nevarnosti za prisotne zdravstvene delavce.
Clima laboral y burnout en profesores universitarios
Authors: Yslado Méndez Rosario Margarita , Ramirez Asis Edwin Hernan , García-Figueroa María Elena , Arquero Montaño José Luis
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer la relación funcional entre el clima laboral y el síndrome de burnout en profesores universitarios de una universidad pública de Perú. La muestra estuvo constituida por 206 profesores; nombrados (80.1%) y contratados (19.9%); varones (79.6%) y mujeres (20.4%). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: el Cuestionario de burnout para docentes universitarios adaptado por Arquero y Donoso a partir del Inventario de Burnout de Maslach y la Escala de Clima Laboral de Palma. Se utilizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio para verificar la validez y fiabilidad. Se encontró que el nivel del clima laboral fue promedio (x ̅=138.8 puntos); los profesores presentaron burnout de nivel medio (x ̅=115.8 puntos). A través del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, se encontró que el factor supervisión del clima laboral está relacionado con la dimensión de despersonalización del burnout. Asimismo, realizar varios trabajos remunerados genera mayor nivel de burnout (p=0.040). Se concluye que existe relación negativa y estadísticamente significativa entre el clima laboral y el burnout. Asimismo, clima laboral predice los niveles de síndrome de burnout (AGFI=0.991) en los profesores universitarios. El estudio sugiere la implementación de programas de intervención ocupacional y organizacional

The objective of this research was to know the functional relationship between the work environment and the burnout syndrome in university professors from a public university in Peru. The sample consisted of 206 teachers; males (79.6%) and females (20.4%); appointed (80.1%) and hired (19.9%). The instruments used were: The Burnout Questionnaire for university teachers adapted by Arquero and Donoso from the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Palma Work Climate Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify validity and reliability. It was found that the level of the work environment was average (x ̅ = 138.8 points); the teachers presented medium level burnout (x ̅ = 115.8 points). Through the structural equations model, it was found that the supervisory factor of the work environment is related to the depersonalization dimension of burnout. Likewise, performing various paid jobs generates a higher level of burnout (p = 0.040). It is concluded that there is a negative and statistically significant relationship between the work environment and burnout. Likewise, the work environment predicts the levels of burnout syndrome (AGFI = 0.991) in university professors. The study suggests the implementation of occupational and organizational intervention programs
SVART ARBETE, VITT ARBETE: Hur lite skit i hörnen blev ett rent helvete
Authors: Larsen Lotta Björklund
Published: August 2021

The article discusses a case which made the headlines of Swedish newspapers in the

spring of 2003. A group of suburban women was caught using an immigrant woman

without work permit to clean their homes. The indictments read “crimes against the

aliens act”, but the debate focused on svart arbete, literally translated as black market

work or moonlighting. Both svart arbete and paid home-cleaning contribute to an

infected debate with political undertones in Swedish society. The article makes an

analysis of the women’s justifications and explanations of their use of domestic cleaning

services in the context of changes currently underway in Swedish society. The welfare

state and its institutions are adapting to EU-membership and an enlarged labour market.

Individual actors, both providers and buyers, respond to these market possibilities in

different ways. Ethical and economic considerations are examined vis-à-vis these

women’s own employment, and in regard to perceived earning possibilities for the

foreign cleaning woman. Different conceptions of formal and informal work in the

domestic sphere are discussed.
ANTROPOLOGISKE KRUMSPRING I ET VIDENSSAMFUND: Om at lave feltarbejde i en agora
Authors: Brichet Natalia , Nielsen Gritt Bykærholm
Published: August 2021

Taking its point of departure in their recent fieldwork, the authors explore the concept of

knowledge in two different ways. How is scientific knowledge conceived in the debate

surrounding the passage of the new Danish legislation on universities? And how is it

possible to work with knowledge in the form of humanistic research as object of

anthropological enquiry? In anthropology, knowledge, in relation to research has

especially been studied regarding the natural sciences, i.e. in laboratories. The authors

see this as a logical consequence of the development in anthropological method and

theory, where the anthropological object has increasingly been defined as an object with

a specific physical integrity – that is, as tied to a group of people and/or a physical place.

This discussion finds an interesting parallel in the debate of the new act. Scientific

knowledge is by some humanistic researchers understood as a solitary process where

demands from larger society, as well as from the institutional community are considered

restrictive, a factor that potentially pollutes the otherwise pure science. Thereby science

is perceived as a relatively autonomous field in society – quite similar to the classic

notion of culture. Arguing for an actor-network, dialogic notion of the anthropological

field, i.p. as an agora, requires a “rhizomatic” form of knowledge for humanistic research

in general and anthropological research in particular.
TVÄTTSTUGAN: Mellan smutstvätt och social kontroll
Authors: Knutagård Marcus
Published: August 2021

This article will elucidate the Swedish laundry room as a place. Two aspects of the

laundry room will be discussed. First the laundry room is seen as an extension of the

sphere of the private home. In this regard I show how the laundry room becomes a

symbol of what is to be seen as “normal”. This becomes clear when the rules of the

laundry room are transgressed, e.g. what is an acceptable behaviour in the laundry

room? The second aspect is to show how the laundry room becomes a place were social

control is being used. To maintain this control certain techniques are used. I focus

primarily on the “laundry room note”. Certain techniques have in this regard a disciplinary

character. As a place the laundry room unfolds the boundaries when a transgression is

being made. When someone hangs up his or her laundry in a tree it is seen as something

unnatural even though the dryer has been out of function for months. It is not only

about hanging up laundry; it is rather a question of which category is hanging up the

laundry. More or less explicit power techniques are being used in the laundry room that

in their turn reveal the social relations at hand. The “laundry room note” is one of these

techniques, which have the function of erasing the communication between parties and

in that way it dictates the place. Transgressions of the rules of the laundry room are

explained with the “perpetrators” personal faults or their cultural traits.
UDSIGELSE OG KULTURMØDER: Om sammenhængen mellem postkolonial litteratur og ansættelse af nydanskere
Authors: Bojsen Heidi
Published: August 2021

This article sets out to discuss how we may work with the notion of ‘cultural

encounters’. Two examples are presented and discussed: One is drawn from the

novel Monnè, outrages et défis (1990) by the prize-winning Ivorian author

Ahmadou Kourouma. The other example refers to a job interview of an ethnic

minority Dane in Denmark, published in a review by a Danish municipal

administration (Århus Kommune) in 2003. The article brings a number of critical

literary theories into dialogue in order to discuss two major points. First, the article

shows how the chosen theoretical notions can help us to describe what happens

in situations of communication where different, and possibly incommensurable,

agents and contexts meet and interact in settings that are marked by conceptions

of cultural differences. The theories used are Michel Foucault’s discursive formations,

Emile Benveniste’s concept of enunciation, Mikhail Bakhtin’s reflexions of

contrapuntal narratives, and Homi Bhabha’s theorisation of the anteriority of the

sign as it occurs in a disjunctive temporality. Secondly, the article introduces a

new interpretative method of how literary texts and critical literary theory may

be used within anthropological studies. Instead of focusing on the notion of

‘identities’ and the ensuing conflicts between difference and sameness, this

approach focuses on cultural articulations as dynamic communicative processes.

In so doing, it situates itself within literary and anthropological theories of

representation. Making a close reading of the chosen texts, the article shows that

cultural encounters are never merely a question of ‘culture’. Cultural encounters

become communicative scenarios where ideas, motives, intentions, and emotions

are expressed, interpreted, and received by differently reacting agents.
STATISTIKKEN I DEN KOLONIALE FELT, ANTROPOLOGIEN I DET KOLONIALE ARKIV
Authors: Christiansen Jens
Published: August 2021

Refleksionerne i denne position udspringer af feltarbejde foretaget i et arkiv med statistiske data fra de britiske kolonier efter 2. Verdenskrig. Nærmere bestemt var jeg flere gange i det britiske nationalarkiv i Kew i efteråret 2016 og foråret 2017, hvor jeg læste kilder fra og omkring statistikafdelingen i det britiske kolonikontor (Colonial Office) i London, der blev oprettet i 1947.1 Man kan i dette arkivmateriale finde talmateriale om for eksempel migration, befolkningsudvikling og fødevareproduktion, som det britiske imperium brugte til at regere sine kolonier med. Men ud over at afspejle det britiske imperiums begær efter at regere ved brug af statistiske data indeholder selv samme arkiv også kilder, der kan kaste lys over begrænsninger i – og modstanden imod – imperiets forsøg på at skabe data til at regere med.
GAMLE OG KOMMENDE NUMRE
Authors: Antropologi Tidsskriftet
Published: August 2021

Gamle og kommende numre
Voldsudøveres teknologiske snilde
Authors: Wagner Sørensen Bo
Published: August 2021

Voldsudøveres teknologiske snilde
INDDRAGELSE AF PERSONER MED DEMENS OG PÅRØRENDE I UDVIKLINGEN AF TRYGHEDSSKABENDE DEMENSTEKNOLOGIER
Authors: Schack Toft Diana , Kalsgaard Møller Anders
Published: August 2021

Denne artikel tager udgangspunkt i et offentlig-privat innovationsprojekt, hvor der arbejdes med en participatorisk designtilgang. I projektet blev personer med demens og pårørende involveret i idégenereringsfasen i udviklingen af en ny GPS-løsning. Ofte inddrages især personer med demens ikke i forskningsarbejder, hvilket betyder, at der mangler viden om, hvilke behov og ønsker denne gruppe har. I projektet blev der afholdt tre workshops for henholdsvis personer med demens og pårørende med anvendelse af kreative generative værktøjer. Under workshopperne blev deltagende observation anvendt for at indsamle data om deltagernes ønsker og behov til en ny GPS-løsning, deres vurdering af eksisterende løsninger på markedet samt deres holdninger til overvågningsaspektet. Undersøgelsen viser, at personerne med demens og pårørende er opmærksomme på de udfordringer og bekymringer, der er knyttet til det at finde vej for personer med demens. Ligeledes udtrykker de i varierende grad et behov for sikkerhed og beskriver forskellige strategier, som de allerede anvender. Deltagerne forholder sig kritisk til de eksisterende løsninger, og hvordan de dækker deres behov. I forhold til overvågningsaspektet er de optaget af behovet for autonomi kontra behovet for sikkerhed og tryghed. Det konkluderes, at personer med demens og pårørende kan have forskellige opfattelser af behovet for demenssikring, men at de til en vis grad har forståelse for hinandens perspektiver. Overvågning kan således accepteres, hvis det kun benyttes, når det er relevant, og kun involverer nærmeste pårørende. Det konkluderes, at en fremtidig løsning skal introduceres tidligt, og det i starten kan anvendes som et hjælpemiddel til personerne med demens for på sigt at overgå til pårørende, så de kan lokalisere personen med demens efter behov.

Søgeord: demens, GPS-løsning, overvågning, autonomi, participatorisk forskning, participatorisk design
INDKALDELSE AF ARTIKELFORSLAG
Authors: Antropologi Tidsskriftet
Published: August 2021

Indkaldelse af artikelforslag til temanummeret 'Virus'.
La réalité virtuelle, une machine à empathie ?
Authors: Morriet Oriane
Published: August 2021

Depuis le milieu des années 2010, le terme « empathie » s’impose dans l’industrie nord-américaine de la réalité virtuelle. Certains auteurs de réalité virtuelle revendiquent l’usage de ces technologies pour susciter de l’empathie chez les utilisateurs. La question communément posée est de savoir si la réalité virtuelle est une machine à empathie. Nous pensons que s’il y a empathie en réalité virtuelle, celle-ci est davantage liée au design d’expérience et à la réception spectatorielle qu’aux seules propriétés immersives et interactives du médium. Avec cet article, nous proposons de mener une réflexion sur les possibles vecteurs de l’empathie en réalité virtuelle, puis d’illustrer ces arguments par une analyse de l’oeuvreHomestay(2018) de Paisley Smith.
Experimental research on crossflow instability for a hypersonic 4∶1 elliptic cone
Authors: Zheng Wen-Peng , Yi Shi-He , Niu Hai-Bo , Huo Jun-Jie ,   College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: August 2021

In this work, the cross-flow instability on the surface of a blunt elliptical cone with a long-short-axis ratio of 4∶1 is studied experimentally in the Mach 6 hypersonic quiet wind tunnel. Comprehensive use of temperature sensitive paint (TSP) technology, nano-tracer-based planar laser scattering (NPLS) technology and Kulite sensor pressure test to measure the temperature distribution in the cross-flow area on the surface of the model, boundary layer flow structure and model surface pressure are tested. The mechanism of boundary layer transition in the cross-flow control area on the surface of the elliptical cone is studied, and the influence law of incoming flow unit Reynolds number and angle of attack on boundary layer transition is obtained, and some conclusions are obtained below. In the wind tunnel noise mode, the transition of the boundary layer in the cross-flow area between the surface center line and the leading edge of the elliptical cone model with a length-to-short-axis ratio of 4∶1 is controlled by the traveling waves, and no footprint of the steady vortex is found. The characteristic frequency of the traveling wave is about 20 kHz. When the unit Reynolds number of the incoming flow increases, the transition position will be advanced, and the frequency and amplitude of the traveling wave will increase. Within a certain angle of attack, the transition position of the upwind boundary layer is delayed, and the characteristic frequency of the traveling wave does not change much but the energy is weakened. When the angle of attack continues to increase, the transition phenomenon disappears.
YAP and TAZ are transcriptional co-activators of AP-1 proteins and STAT3 during breast cellular transformation
Authors: He Lizhi , Pratt Henry , Gao Mingshi , Wei Fengxiang , Weng Zhiping , Struhl Kevin
Published: August 2021

The YAP and TAZ paralogs are transcriptional co-activators recruited to target sites by TEAD proteins. Here, we show that YAP and TAZ are also recruited by JUNB (a member of the AP-1 family) and STAT3, key transcription factors that mediate an epigenetic switch linking inflammation to cellular transformation. YAP and TAZ directly interact with JUNB and STAT3 via a WW domain important for transformation, and they stimulate transcriptional activation by AP-1 proteins. JUNB, STAT3, and TEAD co-localize at virtually all YAP/TAZ target sites, yet many target sites only contain individual AP-1, TEAD, or STAT3 motifs. This observation and differences in relative crosslinking efficiencies of JUNB, TEAD, and STAT3 at YAP/TAZ target sites suggest that YAP/TAZ is recruited by different forms of an AP-1/STAT3/TEAD complex depending on the recruiting motif. The different classes of YAP/TAZ target sites are associated with largely non-overlapping genes with distinct functions. A small minority of target sites are YAP- or TAZ-specific, and they are associated with different sequence motifs and gene classes from shared YAP/TAZ target sites. Genes containing either the AP-1 or TEAD class of YAP/TAZ sites are associated with poor survival of breast cancer patients with the triple-negative form of the disease.
Mutational sources of trans-regulatory variation affecting gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Duveau Fabien , Vande Zande Petra , Metzger Brian PH , Diaz Crisandra J , Walker Elizabeth A , Tryban Stephen , Siddiq Mohammad A , Yang Bing , Wittkopp Patricia J
Published: August 2021

Heritable variation in a gene’s expression arises from mutations impacting cis- and trans-acting components of its regulatory network. Here, we investigate how trans-regulatory mutations are distributed within the genome and within a gene regulatory network by identifying and characterizing 69 mutations with trans-regulatory effects on expression of the same focal gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Relative to 1766 mutations without effects on expression of this focal gene, we found that these trans-regulatory mutations were enriched in coding sequences of transcription factors previously predicted to regulate expression of the focal gene. However, over 90% of the trans-regulatory mutations identified mapped to other types of genes involved in diverse biological processes including chromatin state, metabolism, and signal transduction. These data show how genetic changes in diverse types of genes can impact a gene’s expression in trans, revealing properties of trans-regulatory mutations that provide the raw material for trans-regulatory variation segregating within natural populations.
Decoding the brain state-dependent relationship between pupil dynamics and resting state fMRI signal fluctuation
Authors: Sobczak Filip , Pais-Roldán Patricia , Takahashi Kengo , Yu Xin
Published: August 2021

Pupil dynamics serve as a physiological indicator of cognitive processes and arousal states of the brain across a diverse range of behavioral experiments. Pupil diameter changes reflect brain state fluctuations driven by neuromodulatory systems. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has been used to identify global patterns of neuronal correlation with pupil diameter changes; however, the linkage between distinct brain state-dependent activation patterns of neuromodulatory nuclei with pupil dynamics remains to be explored. Here, we identified four clusters of trials with unique activity patterns related to pupil diameter changes in anesthetized rat brains. Going beyond the typical rs-fMRI correlation analysis with pupil dynamics, we decomposed spatiotemporal patterns of rs-fMRI with principal component analysis (PCA) and characterized the cluster-specific pupil–fMRI relationships by optimizing the PCA component weighting via decoding methods. This work shows that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled with different neuromodulatory centers in different trials, presenting a novel PCA-based decoding method to study the brain state-dependent pupil–fMRI relationship.
Sterically confined rearrangements of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein control cell invasion
Authors: Dodero-Rojas Esteban , Onuchic Jose N , Whitford Paul Charles
Published: August 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious, and transmission involves a series of processes that may be targeted by vaccines and therapeutics. During transmission, host cell invasion is controlled by a large-scale (200–300 Å) conformational change of the Spike protein. This conformational rearrangement leads to membrane fusion, which creates transmembrane pores through which the viral genome is passed to the host. During Spike-protein-mediated fusion, the fusion peptides must be released from the core of the protein and associate with the host membrane. While infection relies on this transition between the prefusion and postfusion conformations, there has yet to be a biophysical characterization reported for this rearrangement. That is, structures are available for the endpoints, though the intermediate conformational processes have not been described. Interestingly, the Spike protein possesses many post-translational modifications, in the form of branched glycans that flank the surface of the assembly. With the current lack of data on the pre-to-post transition, the precise role of glycans during cell invasion has also remained unclear. To provide an initial mechanistic description of the pre-to-post rearrangement, an all-atom model with simplified energetics was used to perform thousands of simulations in which the protein transitions between the prefusion and postfusion conformations. These simulations indicate that the steric composition of the glycans can induce a pause during the Spike protein conformational change. We additionally show that this glycan-induced delay provides a critical opportunity for the fusion peptides to capture the host cell. In contrast, in the absence of glycans, the viral particle would likely fail to enter the host. This analysis reveals how the glycosylation state can regulate infectivity, while providing a much-needed structural framework for studying the dynamics of this pervasive pathogen.
Edge-strand of BepA interacts with immature LptD on the β-barrel assembly machine to direct it to on- and off-pathways
Authors: Miyazaki Ryoji , Watanabe Tetsuro , Yoshitani Kohei , Akiyama Yoshinori
Published: August 2021

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria functions as a selective permeability barrier. Escherichia coli periplasmic Zn-metallopeptidase BepA contributes to the maintenance of OM integrity through its involvement in the biogenesis and degradation of LptD, a β-barrel protein component of the lipopolysaccharide translocon. BepA either promotes the maturation of LptD when it is on the normal assembly pathway (on-pathway) or degrades it when its assembly is compromised (off-pathway). BepA performs these functions probably on the β‐barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex. However, how BepA recognizes and directs an immature LptD to different pathways remains unclear. Here, we explored the interactions among BepA, LptD, and the BAM complex. We found that the interaction of the BepA edge-strand located adjacent to the active site with LptD was crucial not only for proteolysis but also, unexpectedly, for assembly promotion of LptD. Site-directed crosslinking analyses indicated that the unstructured N-terminal half of the β-barrel-forming domain of an immature LptD contacts with the BepA edge-strand. Furthermore, the C-terminal region of the β-barrel-forming domain of the BepA-bound LptD intermediate interacted with a ‘seam’ strand of BamA, suggesting that BepA recognized LptD assembling on the BAM complex. Our findings provide important insights into the functional mechanism of BepA.
Spontaneous Rupture of the Right Gastroepiploic Artery Immediately after Gastroscopy
Authors: Jung Do Young , Jung Hye-kyung , Ko Yun Mi , Lee Ayoung , Hong Ji Taek , Moon Chang Mo , Kim Seong Eun , Tae Chung Hyun , Shim Ki Nam , Jung Sung Ae , Kim Ran , Choi Sun Young
Published: August 2021

Idiopathic spontaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage is both rare and potentially fatal. The incidence of gastroepiploic artery rupture, especially a non-aneurysmal rupture, is extremely low. We report the case of an elderly woman who was mistakenly diagnosed with procedure-related bleeding after gastroscopy. A 0.3 cm polyp was identified and removed during the procedure. The patient later developed shock due to which gastroscopy was repeated; however, no unusual findings were observed. Therefore, abdominopelvic computerized tomography was performed and gastroepiploic artery rupture was detected. Transcatheter arterial embolization was immediately performed without laparotomy, without any complications. The bleeding was controlled, and the patient was discharged after embolization. It is important to acknowledge the possibility of spontaneous rupture of the visceral arteries in elderly individuals with hypertension or atherosclerosis, especially in the event of sudden abdominal pain or shock immediately after an endoscopic procedure. This is the first case report of idiopathic spontaneous rupture of the right gastroepiploic artery successfully managed by transcatheter arterial embolization in South Korea.
Strategies that Reduce Post-endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Bleeding
Authors: Jung Da Hyun , Park Jun Chul
Published: August 2021

Bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), one of the most common postprocedural adverse events, is the main cause of increased readmission rates and hospital costs. Generally, the incidence of post-ESD bleeding is estimated to be about 5%. However, the incidence of bleeding is particularly increased in high-risk patients. In particular, it has an incidence of over 50% in patients that use antithrombotic agents. The well-known risk factors for post-ESD bleeding include antithrombotic therapy, lesions in the proximal stomach, specimen size >4 cm, and concomitant renal disease. Currently, the number of patients at a high risk of post-ESD bleeding has been increasing. This may be due to the aging society and the increase in the usage of antithrombotic agents. Therefore, several strategies have been employed to prevent post-ESD bleeding. These strategies include acid inhibition therapy, preventive hemostasis using Doppler endoscopic ultrasound and artery-selective clipping, second look endoscopy, the closings method, and the shield methods. However, these methods are technically demanding, which hinders their wide usage in clinical practice. Recently, several hemostatic powders have been developed and clinically used in the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. In this article, we review the risk factors for post-ESD bleeding and the recently introduced prevention methods. Moreover, we aimed to explore realistic and appropriate strategies for the prevention of post-ESD bleeding.
Ultrasonic based concrete defects identification via wavelet packet transform and GA-BP neural network
Authors: Hu Tianyu , Zhao Jinhui , Zheng Ruifang , Wang Pengfeng , Li Xiaolu , Zhang Qichun
Published: August 2021

Concrete is the main material in building. Since its poor structural integrity may cause accidents, it is significant to detect defects in concrete. However, it is a challenging topic as the unevenness of concrete would lead to the complex dynamics with uncertainties in the ultrasonic diagnosis of defects. Note that the detection results mainly depend on the direct parameters, e.g., the time of travel through the concrete. The current diagnosis accuracy and intelligence level are difficult to meet the design requirement for automatic and increasingly high-performance demands. To solve the mentioned problems, our contribution of this paper can be summarized as establishing a diagnosis model based on the GA-BPNN method and ultrasonic information extracted that helps engineers identify concrete defects. Potentially, the application of this model helps to improve the working efficiency, diagnostic accuracy and automation level of ultrasonic testing instruments. In particular, we propose a simple and effective signal recognition method for small-size concrete hole defects. This method can be divided into two parts: (1) signal effective information extraction based on wavelet packet transform (WPT), where mean value, standard deviation, kurtosis coefficient, skewness coefficient and energy ratio are utilized as features to characterize the detection signals based on the analysis of the main frequency node of the signals, and (2) defect signal recognition based on GA optimized back propagation neural network (GA-BPNN), where the cross-validation method has been used for the stochastic division of the signal dataset and it leads to the BPNN recognition model with small bias. Finally, we implement this method on 150 detection signal data which are obtained by the ultrasonic testing system with 50 kHz working frequency. The experimental test block is a C30 class concrete block with 5, 7, and 9 mm penetrating holes. The information of the experimental environment, algorithmic parameters setting and signal processing procedure are described in detail. The average recognition accuracy is 91.33% for the identification of small size concrete defects according to experimental results, which verifies the feasibility and efficiency.
Geographic disparities and socio-demographic predictors of pertussis risk in Florida
Authors: Tandy Corinne B. , Odoi Agricola
Published: August 2021

Background

Pertussis is a toxin-mediated respiratory illness caused by Bordetella pertussis that can result in severe complications and death, particularly in infants. Between 2008 and 2011, children less than 3 months old accounted for 83% of the pertussis deaths in the United States. Understanding the geographic disparities in the distribution of pertussis risk and identifying high risk geographic areas is necessary for guiding resource allocation and public health control strategies. Therefore, this study investigated geographic disparities and temporal changes in pertussis risk in Florida from 2010 to 2018. It also investigated socioeconomic and demographic predictors of the identified disparities.

Methods

Pertussis data covering the time period 2010–2018 were obtained from Florida HealthCHARTS web interface. Spatial patterns and temporal changes in geographic distribution of pertussis risk were assessed using county-level choropleth maps for the time periods 2010–2012, 2013–2015, 2016–2018 and 2010–2018. Tango’s flexible spatial scan statistics were used to identify high-risk spatial clusters which were displayed in maps. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to identify significant predictors of county-level risk. Residuals of the OLS model were assessed for model assumptions including spatial autocorrelation.

Results

County-level pertussis risk varied from 0 to 116.31 cases per 100,000 people during the study period. A total of 11 significant (p < 0.05) spatial clusters were identified with risk ratios ranging from 1.5 to 5.8. Geographic distribution remained relatively consistent over time with areas of high risk persisting in the western panhandle, northeastern coast, and along the western coast. Although county level pertussis risks generally increased from 2010–2012 to 2013–2015, risk tended to be lower during the 2016–2018 time period. Significant predictors of county-level pertussis risk were rurality, percentage of females, and median income. Counties with high pertussis risk tended to be rural (p = 0.021), those with high median incomes (p = 0.039), and those with high percentages of females (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

There is evidence that geographic disparities exist and have persisted over time in Florida. This study highlights the application and importance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology and spatial statistical/epidemiological tools in identifying areas of highest disease risk so as to guide resource allocation to reduce health disparities and improve health for all.
Transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression differences in Liriomyza trifolii exposed to combined heat and abamectin exposure
Authors: Wang Yu-Cheng , Chang Ya-Wen , Du Yu-Zhou
Published: August 2021

Liriomyza trifolii is an invasive pest of horticultural and vegetable crops that possesses robust competitive advantages that enable it to replace closely-related species. High temperatures often occur concomitantly with insecticide usage during L. trifolii outbreaks. In this study, we compared the transcriptomes of L. trifolii exposed to high temperature (40 °C T40), insecticide (LC50 of technical grade abamectin, I50) and combined high temperature and abamectin exposure (IT5040, I50 followed by T40; and TI4050, T40 followed by I50). RNA-seq generated and revealed 44,633 unigenes with annotation data; these were compared with COG and KEGG databases for functional classification and enrichment analysis. Compared with the I50 treatment, COG classification indicated that ‘post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones’ was enriched in the IT5040 treatment. In the TI4050 treatment, ‘carbohydrate transport and metabolism’ was the most abundant group. The most enriched KEGG pathways in the TI4050 and IT5040 treatments were ‘longevity regulating pathway - multiple species’ and ‘protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum’, respectively. Subsequent annotation and enrichment analyses indicated that stress-related genes such as CYP450s and HSPs were differentially expressed in the I50 vs. TI4050 or I50 vs. IT5040 treatment groups. Three commercial insecticide formulations were also used to further verify the expression of selected differentially-expressed genes. This study will be conductive to consider the temperature effect on insecticide tolerance in L. trifolii, and provides a framework for improving the application efficiency of insecticides in hot weather, which will ultimately reduce the overuse of pesticides.
Trophic niches reflect compositional differences in microbiota among Caribbean sea urchins
Authors: Rodríguez-Barreras Ruber , Tosado-Rodríguez Eduardo L. , Godoy-Vitorino Filipa
Published: August 2021

Sea urchins play a critical role in marine ecosystems, as they actively participate in maintaining the balance between coral and algae. We performed the first in-depth survey of the microbiota associated with four free-living populations of Caribbean sea urchins: Lytechinus variegatus, Echinometra lucunter, Tripneustes ventricosus, and Diadema antillarum. We compared the influence of the collection site, echinoid species and trophic niche to the composition of the microbiota. This dataset provides a comprehensive overview to date, of the bacterial communities and their ecological relevance associated with sea urchins in their natural environments. A total of sixty-samples, including surrounding reef water and seagrass leaves underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region) and high-quality reads were analyzed with standard bioinformatic approaches. While water and seagrass were dominated by Cyanobacteria such as Prochlorococcus and Rivularia respectively, echinoid gut samples had dominant Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria. Propionigenium was dominant across all species’ guts, revealing a host-associated composition likely responsive to the digestive process of the animals. Beta-diversity analyses showed significant differences in community composition among the three collection sites, animal species, and trophic niches. Alpha diversity was significantly higher among L. variegatus samples compared to the other species. L. variegatus also displayed an increased abundance of Planctomycetes and Cyanobacterial OTUs. The bacterial community of this herbivorous echinoid reflected similarities to the microfilm community found on Thalassia testudinum leaves; a very abundant seagrass and its main food resource. The results of this study elaborate on the microbial ecology of four important Caribbean echinoids, confirming that selection on the microbial community is trophic-niche dependent.
Effects of Aroma Essential Oil Inhalation on Autonomic Nerve System Response, Electroencephalogram and Concentration
Authors: Min Eun Sil , Hur Myung-Haeng
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study was an experimental research study to examine the effects of aroma essential oil inhalation on autonomic nerve system response, electroencephalogram and concentration.Methods: The participants were 92 healthy adults: 32 in the experimental group, 30 in the placebo group, and 30 in the control group. In the experimental group, lemon and rosemary oil were mixed in a ratio of 4: 1, and 0.1 ml was dropped on gauze and then naturally inhaled for a total of 30 minutes. The application for the placebo group was 0.9% saline solution, and for the control group, no treatment. To determine the effects, the autonomic nervous system response was measured by applying Canopy 9 Plus 4.0 before the experiment and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after the experimental application, and an electroencephalogram was taken using QEEG-8. The computerized neurocognitive function test for measuring concentration was given before the experiment and at 30 minutes after the treatment.Results: There were no significant differences in the homogeneity tests for general characteristics and for the dependent variables prior to the experiment. There was a significant difference in sympathetic nervous activity between the experimental group, placebo group, and control group (F=3.78, p=.027), and the experimental group had higher sympathetic nervous activity than the control group. There was no statistically significant difference on the electroencephalogram between the ⍺ and beta waves of the three groups. The Stroop Color-Word interference test (color) of the three groups for concentration measurement was significantly different between pre test and at 30 minutes after the treatment (F=7.40, p=.001), and the score for the experimental group increased compared to the control group.Conclusion: The findings showed that the inhalation of aroma essential oil activated the sympathetic nervous system and partially increased the level of concentration.
Factors related to Quality of Life of Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
Authors: Jang Yu Sun , Jung Sun Young
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study was done to investigate factors related to quality of life of patients with failed back surgery syndrome.Methods: One hundred and eighty four patients were recruited from a hospital pain clinic. Data were collected from March 12 to April 9, 2018 using structured questionnaires which included questions about quality of life, hope, and family support. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 25.0.Results: The factors related to quality of life were hope, family support, and frequency of pain. These three factors accounted for 53.1% of the total variance in quality of life.Conclusion: In order to increase quality of life of patients with failed back surgery syndrome, it is necessary to design intervention programs that effectively manage hope, family support, and frequency of pain.
Effects of Caregiver Burden, Anxiety, Spirituality and Family Relationships on Depression among Caregivers of Hospitalized Children
Authors: Seo Ahyoung , Kim Suk-Sun
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine the associations among caregiver burden, anxiety, spirituality, family relationship and depression and to determine predictors of depression among caregivers of hospitalized children.Methods: The participants were 128 caregivers of hospitalized children. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis with SPSS ver. 27.Results: Depression was significantly positively associated with caregiver burden, anxiety and negatively associated with family relationships. Multiple regression analysis revealed that caregiver burden, anxiety, family relationship, and being 6 months or more post diagnosis were significant factors having an explanation power of approximately 56% of the variance in depression.Conclusion: Our study findings show that it is necessary to develop strategies to reinforce family relationship and reduce caregiver burden to prevent caregiver depression.
Qualitative Meta-synthesis of Nurses' Caring Experience for People with Dementia
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Chang Sung Ok
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to synthesize and integrate the results of qualitative studies on nurses' experience caring for people with dementia.Methods: We followed Noblit and Hare’s seven step of meta-ethnography to synthesize qualitative studies. Six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, RISS, National Assembly Library, KCI) were used to search for literatures that explored the nurses’ experience of caring for people with dementia. Based on the criteria, nine studies were included for the synthesis.Results: Five themes and ten sub-themes were identified: “Knowing the diversity of dementia”, “Building a relationship of trust”, “Finding the value in life”, “Willingness to overcome external obstacles”, “Establishment of nursing strategy to maintain routine of people with dementia”. The nurses considered their own life through the life of the people with dementia, and tried to establish a nursing strategy to maintain daily life for these people.Conclusion: This study provides a deeper understanding of nurses' caring experiences for people with dementia, and can be helpful in establishing various coping strategies so that nurses can provide efficient caring for these patients.
Mediating Effect of Acceptance Action in relationship between Diabetes Self-Stigma and Quality of Life in People with Diabetes in Korea
Authors: Seo Kawoun
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the mediating effects of acceptance action on the relationship between diabetes self-stigma and quality of life in diabetes patients.Methods: For this study a descriptive research approach was used. Patients (237) with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus from a doctor of endocrinology were included. Data collection was done from March 26, to March 28, 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis, and hierarchecal multiple regression.Results: The mean scores for diabetes self-stigma, acceptance action and quality of life were 2.67±0.71, 4.12±0.38, and 3.26±0.48, respectively. Acceptance action was found to partial mediate the relationship between diabetes self-stigma and quality of life (z=-4.20, p<.001), and its explanatory power was 17.6%.Conclusion: To improve the quality of life among patients with diabetes in diabetes self-stigma situations, it is necessary to improve their acceptance action and develop step-by-step and differentiated acceptance action enhancement programs through multidisciplinary collaboration.