bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concordance between Radiological Features and Histopathological Diagnosis of Cartilaginous Lesions of Bone among Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala
Authors: Kattoor Jayasree , Radhakrishnan Balaji , Nair Sindhu , Venugopal M
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Cartilaginous tumours comprise a large, heterogeneous group of mesenchymal neoplasms. They pose a challenge in terms of accurate diagnosis and management. Histopathological findings have direct implications for treatment outcomes. Aim: To determine the concordance between the radiological features and the histopathological diagnosis of cartilaginous lesions of bone. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, among 109 patients with histopathologically proven benign and malignant cartilaginous tumours, received in the laboratory between January 2012 and December 2021 for a duration of 10 years, were analysed. The study was conducted between September 2019 and January 2022. The demographic data for the study, including age, tumour site, clinical findings, and radiological diagnosis, were obtained from medical records. The cases were histopathologically graded based on the World Health Organization 2020 classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. The concordance between histopathological diagnosis and radiological features was assessed. The Chi-square test was used to find the association between two categorical variables, and the Independent sample t-test was used to find the difference between two groups with respect to mean and standard deviation. Results: There were a total of 109 cases of cartilaginous tumours, out of which 82 cases (75.22%) were diagnosed as malignant and 27 cases (24.77%) were diagnosed as benign. Among benign neoplasms, chondroblastoma and osteochondroma were the most common, with 10 cases (37.03%) each. Among malignant chondroid tumours, 73 (89.02%) were diagnosed as conventional chondrosarcoma. There were five cases (6.09%) of secondary chondrosarcomas (malignant transformation of a benign cartilaginous lesion). Among the secondary chondrosarcomas, three cases (60%) were malignant transformation in osteochondroma, 1 (20%) in enchondroma, and 1 (20%) in synovial chondromatosis. Among the 91 cases for which radiology was available, 86 (94.50%) had a concordance between radiological and histopathological diagnosis. Five cases (5.49%) had a discordant radiological diagnosis. Conclusion: For histologically benign tumours, the radiological findings in the study were identical and concordant. For histologically malignant tumours, there were discrepancies with radiological findings in this study when the lesion had an associated cyst, absence of cortical destruction, or absence of a clear cartilaginous component and extra cortical expansion. For histologically suspicious cases in the study, the final diagnosis was made based upon radiological findings, with a particular interest in cortical destruction.
Household Survey on the Role of Social Norms in Defecation Practices in Aurangabad, Bihar, India
Authors: Ahmad Imteyaz
Published: November 2022

Introduction:In the recent decade, the study of social norms has become popular as it can explain and change harmful social behaviours, such as Open Defecation (OD). Open defecation is is a threat to public health. It causes diarrheal infections. Households formed the unit of study as they constitute an essential social institution to adopt and use latrines. Aim: To compare the social norms of the latrine user and OD practitioners of households with regard to disgust, purity and pollution, latrine and OD beliefs, and the preference for latrines that differ in cost. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 486 participants at Aurangabad district, Bihar, India, from July 2019 to January 2020. The district is one of the worst performers in latrine adoption in the country, according to the census of India 2011, Swachh Bharat Mission 2016, and NFHS-5 2019-21 data. A pretested questionnaire prepared by Research Institute for Compassionate Economics (RICE) was used as a tool for data collection. Data collected were entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Descriptive data analysiswas performed and represented in tabular forms. The categories of households were made on the basis of the defecation practices (latrine user and OD practitioners). Results: The study found that social norms regarding purity and pollution were the same across the two groups. Both the groups (latrine user and OD practitioners) agreed that OD was disgusting and polluting behaviour. The two groups were coherent in the preference for latrines based on cost. Conclusion: The social norms are evolving in the study setting. Households have recognised the relevance of latrine use in contemporary times. The gap in practice is the only difference between the two groups of households.
Assessment of Maize (Zea mays) Genotypes for Seed Metrics, Agronomic Performance, Yield and Nutritional Content in the Southern Savanna Agro-ecological Zone of Nigeria (Wukari as Case Study)
Authors: Ibirinde D. O. , Iliya N. M. , Bitrus S.
Published: November 2022

Maize is ranked as one of the cereal crops with high yield potential globally and may be considered very important for countries like Nigeria, where there is an increasing demand for food to meet the demand of its teeming population. Five varieties of maize (Sammaz 52, M1217, M1155, Oba 98 and Oba super II) obtained seed companies and mostly grown in Wukari were evaluated during the 2020/2021 cropping seasons for yield, agronomic performance, seed metrics and nutritional quality at the Research and Teaching Farm of the Federal University Wukari, Taraba State. Having four replications, the experiment was set up using Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD). Obtained data on agronomic characters, yield and nutrient qualities revealed significant differences among the varieties for days to tasseling, silking, grain yield, nutritional content, number of nodes, ear height (cm), hundred seed weight (g), number of seed rows, seed length at P>0.05. Height at matirity showed significant difference, with Oba98 having the highest (195.25 cm) value. M1217 recorded superiority (24.95g) over the other varieties for 100 seed weight. Laboratory Analysis was conducted to determine the essential amino acid and nutritional content of the five maize varieties. There was a significant variation in the crude protein content of the five varieties with the SAMMAZ52 having the highest value (13.14%). Oba 98 recorded highest essential amino acid such as Methionine (2.39), Lysine (2.33) and Tryptophan (1.43) over the other varieties assessed.
Assessment of Germination Percentage and Seedling Vigour in Selected Maize Genotypes in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibirinde D. O. , Iliya N. M. , Ayangaor S. S.
Published: November 2022

Assessment of seedling vigour in six selected maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes was evaluated in the screen house of the Department of Crop Production and Protection, at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University Wukari, Taraba State during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) and replicated thrice. Seed vigour indicators were number of sprouting, mean emergence time, germination percentage, seedling fresh weight (g), seedling dry weight (g), seedling root length (cm), seedling vigour index I and seedling vigour index II. The seed matrices measured were hundred seed weight (g), seed width (mm), seed length and seed thickness (mm). From the results obtained, the strong, positive and significant (1.00) relationship between the 100 seed weight and seedling germination percentage indicated that, maize germination is mostly determined by its size.  Further, the most effective high vigour indicators are root length, seedling length, germination percentage, mean emergence time and number of sprouting at 4 days. However, M1155 recorded the highest seedling (72.33), with the highest corresponding germination percentage of 98%.
Teacher’s Job Satisfaction and Commitment of Tombel Subdivision, Cameroon: A Comparative Analysis between Private and Public Schools
Authors: Ewane Enongene Betrand
Published: November 2022

The success of the educational sector depends on the satisfaction and commitment of both public and private teachers. Thus, the recruitment, training, development, and growth of both sectors are vital for the overall growth of the educational sector. This research, therefore, aims to examine if there is a significant mean difference between job satisfaction and commitment of public and private secondary school teachers in the Tombel subdivision. The survey  sample 253 teachers comprising of 171 teachers from public schools and 82 from private schools. The empirical analysis employed the independent t-test using SPSS version 22. The findings indicate there is no significant mean difference between public and private schools for most instruments of job satisfaction (salary growth, perceive growth opportunities, working environment, and co-worker relationship) except job security. In addition, all the instruments of job commitment (workload, employee turnover intentions, motivation, fear of loss, and Job affection) reveal a significant mean difference between public and private schools in the subdivision. The study, therefore, recommends that to close the gap between public and private secondary school teachers, the educational stakeholders should encourage both sectors by ensuring a single salary scale, ensured better working conditions, and more security in their job.
The Role of Educational Informatization in the Modernization Development of the Higher Education
Authors: Liu Lin , Jiao Wenyan
Published: November 2022

Objective: This review is to explore the role of education information technology in the construction and management of modern Institutions of higher learning and modern high education, and how to use information technology to promote the development and management of Institutions of higher learning and Higher education. Methods: The relevant education information and data at home and abroad were collected from the Internet, and the Institutions of higher learning and Higher education and management of the modern Institutions of higher learning were compared and analyzed to compare the role of education information of the Institutions of higher learning and Higher education.

Results: After the effective implementation of education information in the Institutions of higher learning, the technical level and efficiency of the Institutions of higher learning management technology in the modern Institutions of higher learning were obviously improved, so that students could communication with teacher more conveniently, and teacher and staff could have a higher level of communication of education.

Conclusions: The use of education information can significantly improve the overall management level of the Institutions of higher learning and Higher education.

Improve the construction and management of modern the Institutions of higher learning which is of great significance to the improvement of the level of education and management technology in the Institutions of higher learning and Higher education.

Educational information is the way to promote the development of colleges and universities, and also an important way to modernization.

The comprehensive use of modern information technology based on network communication and computer multimedia is conducive to the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and practical ability. Under the network environment, the teaching content, teaching means and teaching forms can be improved and innovated, which can serve for the high quality completion of teaching tasks, the optimization of teaching process and the rapid achievement of teaching objectives, so as to continuously improve the school-running efficiency and adapt to the new needs and requirements of the information society for the development of education.
Creation of Species-specific Molecular Signatures of Schilbeid Fishes from River Ganga by Integrative Taxonomy
Authors: Tripathi Sarita , Gopesh Anita , Verma Rashmi , Sahu Ashish , Singh Mahender
Published: November 2022

The phylogenetic analysis of Asian schilbeids could not be clearly defined due to lack of data, so the present study generated morphological and DNA barcode data for five commercially important schielbid species namely Clupisoma garua, Eutropiichthys murius, E. vacha, Ailia coila and Silonia silondia from the River Ganga, India. Additionally, 31 sequences of Schielbid species available in GenBank were also included in analysis to present a clear picture of the phylogenetic relationship among Schilbeids. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano model with Gamma distribution. The average Kimura two parameter (K2P) distance between the species and within the species, show the sufficient separation of species. The neighbour-joining tree revealed distinct clusters in concurrence with the taxonomic status of the species. Our study established sister group relationship between genera of Asian schilbeids as Clupisoma,Laides, Eutropiicthys, Silonia, Ailia, Horabagrus, Pseudeutropius, Neotropius or Pachypterus and also suggest placement of C. sinensis to the genus Laides.
The Extent of Accounting Information Disclosure to Public Accounts Committee: Empirical Evidence in Tanzania Public Corporations
Authors: Kyando Asifiwe Enock , Abayo Abdiel , Raphael Gwahula
Published: November 2022

This study examines the extent of accounting information disclosure to Public Accounts Committee in Tanzania Public Corporations. The study is driven by Public Accounts Committee as an oversight organ and accountability challenges facing Tanzania public corporations. The study used positivist philosophical approach. The study was supported by the multiple theories of agency and communication. Data for the analysis were gathered through cross-sectional research using a survey method from members and ex-members of Public accounts Committees from 2005 to 2022. The received valid response from participants were 110. The reliability statistic test of Cronbach Alpha was tested for five measures and confirmed to be 0.693. The study found that the extent of accounting information disclosure was encouraging, yet some outlier measures need to be strategically improved in Tanzania. The study adds knowledge on the accounting information disclosure to politicians and narrow down the contextual gap as most studies on accounting information disclosure were done in developed countries. Besides, the research has practical and policy implications aimed at enhancing the extent of accounting information availability to politicians.
Secondary Metabolites and Mineral Elements of Manotes expansa and Aframomum alboviolaceum Leaves Collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Kabengele Carlos N. , Kasiama Giresse N. , Ngoyi Etienne M. , Kilembe Jason T. , Bete Juvenal , Tshibangu Damien S. T. , Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa , Tshilanda Dorothée D. , Mpiana Pius T.
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims: Manotes expansa Sol. ex Planch. and Aframomum alboviolaceum (Ridl.) Schum.  are two plants belonging respectively to the family Connaraceae R.Br. and Zingiberaceae Martino widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of eye diseases, fever, headaches, gastritis as well as asthma. The aim of the present study is the valorization of these two plants collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo by a quantitative and qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites and mineral elements in their leaves.

Materials and Methods: The determination of secondary metabolites in the leaves of Manotes expansa and Aframomum alboviolaceum was carried out by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry for the identification and quantitative analysis of mineral elements.

Results: The results showed that the leaves of these two plants are rich in phenolic compounds, i.e. 442.2 mgEqAG/g for the leaves of A. alboviolaceum, 370.64 mgEqAG/g for the red leaves and 282.64 mgEqAG/g green leaves of M. expansa. Although being part of the same plant, the red and green leaves of M. expansa presented a totally different phytochemical profile. The contents of condensed tannins, anthocyanins and flavonoids are respectively 0.3%, 0.68% and 3.29% for the leaves of A. alboviolaceum; 0.58%, 0.36% and 6.89% for the red leaves, and 0.65%, 0.26% and 7.55% for the green leaves of M. expansa.  The mineral content in the leaves of both plants remains dominated by the high concentration of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe).

Conclusion: The high content of phenolic compounds and essential trace elements makes the leaves of M. expansa and A. alboviolaceum potential candidates to alleviate several health problems in Africa in general and particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Methane Mitigation in Crossbred Bullocks by Urea Treated Wheat Straw & Lucerne Straw Based Total Mixed Ration
Authors: Gosvami V. J. , Pandya P. R. , Sorathiya K. K. , Shah Shwetal
Published: November 2022

Present experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding lucerne straw and urea treated wheat straw based TMR (Total Mixed Ration) on nutrients intake, digestibility of nutrients, rumen parameters, rumen microbial protein synthesis and enteric methane emissions in crossbred bullocks. Experiment was conducted on 15 crossbred bullocks for 50 days using Completely Randomized Design. The animals in control group (T1) were fed TMR with 70% wheat straw and 30% concentrate. The animals in experimental group T2 were fed TMR with 35% urea treated wheat straw, 35% wheat straw and 30% concentrate whereas, animals in T3 group were fed TMR with 35% lucerne straw, 35% wheat straw and 30% concentrate. The intakes of nutrients and rumen parameters were not affected by the treatments. Digestibility coefficients of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and hemicellulose (HC) did not differ significantly among the groups. Similarly, digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) did not differ significantly between T1 & T2 group, and significant reduction was reported in T3 group. Crude fibre (CF), NDF (neutral detergent fibre), ADF (acid detergent fibre) and cellulose digestibility was significantly higher in T2 group, whereas significant reduction noted in NDF, ADF and cellulose digestibility in T3 group, as compared to T1 group. Rumen microbial protein synthesis improved by 17.22% (p>0.05) in T2 group, but almost similar value was reported in T3 group, as compared to control group. Average daily methane emission in T2 and T3 group reduced significantly by 16.20% and 17.71%, as compared to T1 group. The energy loss in the form of methane (CH4) as % of gross energy intake (GEI) in T2 and T3 groups reduced numerically by 11.10% and 15.66% (p>0.05), as compared to T1 group. Hence, inclusion of urea treated wheat straw and lucerne straw in wheat straw based TMR helped in reducing enteric methane emissions in crossbred bullocks.
Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis on Mental Disorder Symptoms in Incarcerated People and Prison Workers
Authors: Sztormowski Shirlei , Kleibert Karine Raquel Uhdich , Tremêa Greissi Tatieli Franke , Beber Simony Costa , Krause Lenara Schalanski , Silva José Antonio Gonzalez da , Colet Christiane de Fátima
Published: November 2022

Introduction: common mental disorders whose symptoms are not early identified can turn into more serious illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, and mood disorder. The literature presents the use of rosemary as a form of treatment of physical and mental illnesses, including depression.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatments with different doses of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on symptoms of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in incarcerated people and prison workers.

Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study. The intervention was carried out using rosemary extract doses at 100, 500, and 1000 mg day-1 in groups composed of 10 participants, for 3 months. A 20-item self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of CMD. The project was submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the number 4,973,589.

Results: The treatments with rosemary extract at 500 and 1000 mg day-1 showed statistically significant results for reducing CMD symptoms when compared to the those found at the beginning of the research.

Conclusion: The use of rosemary extract was effective to reduce CMD in the evaluated prison staff and incarcerated people, especially when used at doses of 500 and 1000 mg day-1, and presented safety, as the participants did not experience side effects.
Effect of Mulching on Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. ArkaKomal
Authors: Barge Jatindra Mohan , Bahadur Vijay , Prasad V. M. , Deepanshu .
Published: November 2022

An experiment on the “Effect of mulching on plant growth, yield and quality of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Arkakomal” was conducted during November 2021 to January 2022, in Central Horticulture Research Farm, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P) India. The results of the present investigation, regarding that cultivation of French bean  with different mulching material found as the best option for higher productivity whereas the treatment with Saw dust mulch that is Treatment T6 showed the best results in terms of Days to seed germination (8.6 DAS), Plant height at 30DAS (14.8 cm), 60 DAS (2.6.6 cm), 90 DAS (32.0 cm), Number of branches plant-1 at 30 DAS (4.9), 60 DAS (9.0), 90DAS (10.3), Days to first flowering (35.7 DAS), Days to 50% Flowering (41.9 DAS), Days to first picking (55.5 DAS), Leaf Length (8.8 cm), Leaf breadth (6.6 cm), Number of pods plant-1 (21.1), Pod weight (13.5 g), Pod length (15.7 cm), Pod diameter (1.8 cm), Pod yield plant-1 (857 g), Pod yield ha-1 (5.7 t), Number of seeds pod-1 (8.2), TSS (6.2 OBrix). Hence the Treatment 6 (Saw dust mulch) was best suited for the farmers in terms of growth, yield, quality and net returns.
Constraints Faced by Farmers and Suggestions for Effective Utilization of ICTs in Mitigating Climate Change Effect in Agriculture: A Study of Eastern Dry Zone of the Karnataka, India
Authors: Narendra V. N. , Prakash Satya , Singh Ashok K.
Published: November 2022

The study was conducted to reveal the constraints faced by the farmers of Bengaluru rural and Chikkaballapura districts of Karnataka to access various ICTs for mitigating the effect of climate change in agriculture. Purposively selected two rural districts (Bengaluru Rural and Chikkaballapura) based on the desirable criteria that one district (Bengaluru Rural) was very close to the urban area (Bengaluru) and another district (Chikkaballapura) was a bit far away from the urban area. To know about the problems the farmers faced during access and use of ICTs in mitigating climate change it is necessary to understand the profile characteristics of the respondents because of this reason the 18 independent variables as selected to know about their conditions. The farmers of both districts felt that the main constraints which hamper the effective use of icts tools to mitigate climate change in agriculture, are Cautious about new technologies as the main constraint in the category of social constraints followed by High call rates in mobile calling as their main constraint in the category of economic constraints, lack of adequate skills to use ICTs as the main constraint in the category of technical constraints. To overcome these barriers and effective use of ICTs in mitigating climate change effects in agriculture farmers suggested that there was a need for training for the proper use of ICTs followed by the Government should initiate awareness programs about available new ICTs tools and their applications in climate change the main suggestions as given by the farmers of Bengaluru Rural and Chikkaballapura district.
A Case of Thyroid Storm Complicated with Cardiorespiratory Failure without Obvious Trigger: Early Suspicion is the Key
Authors: Roy Padmaja Deb , Shahzed S. M. Iram , Ghosh Ammy Shankar , Haque Sharar Naiarin , Mou Kaniz Ferdouse , Roy Aditi , Hassan Khondokar N. , Aziz Syed Nurul , Tamanna Nuzhat , Bhowmick Nisha , Chowdhury Tutul
Published: November 2022

Thyroid storm, also known as thyrotoxic crisis is an acute, rare life-threatening condition of thyroid gland; possessing 100% mortality when it’s not treated in time. Thyroid storm coexisting with respiratory failure further can contribute to this mortality. Respiratory collapse can be irreversible. This is an endocrine emergency first described in 1926.  This is important to recognize it early and treat to reduce mortality.   Herein, we review a case of 75 years of male who developed Cardio-respiratory failure while he was manifesting clinical features thyroid storm.
Malaria Transmission and Asymptomatic Malaria during Rainy Season among Nomads, North-eastern Nigeria
Authors: Njobdi Sani
Published: November 2022

Aim: To determine the point prevalence of malaria infection and asymptomatic malaria during rainy season among some nomads of North Eastern Nigeria.

Study Design: A cross sectional observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted across 11 randomly selected nomads’ camps around the Rivers Gongola and Benue basins spread over 3 Local Government Areas of Southern Adamawa State of North Eastern Nigeria. Data was collected during rainy season between July and September, 2016.

Methodology: Fifty-five randomly selected households (5 from each camp) were covered in the survey. One hundred and ninety two (192) consenting participants aged between 1 and 79 years (inclusive) were involved in the survey. Structured questionnaires were administered (care givers consented and responded on behalf of children) and blood samples collected. Blood samples were examined for malaria parasite using a microscopes and results of both survey and microscopy analysed.

Results: Overall malaria parasite prevalence was 87.5% and mean parasite density was 36,168 parasites per μl of blood. Thirty five (18.2%) of participant were of low parasite density, 35.5% were of moderate parasite density while 32.8% were of high parasite density. More than half (53%) of the malaria positive participants did not experience febrile symptoms within one month prior to the survey and were therefore asymptomatic. Tendency of manifestation of symptoms significantly increased with parasite density and decreased with age. The use of preventive measures against mosquito bite was 7.7% and only 16.1% of participants used antimalarial medicines or sought medical attention during their most recent fever episode.

Conclusion: The high prevalence of asymptomatic carriers with high parasite densities and abysmally low usage of preventive and curative measures among the study population represents an ideal condition for effective malaria transmission which is unlikely to abate unless control measures are intensified.
Sustainability Prospects for the Smallholder Maize Farming Systems in Northern Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Gnahoua Jean-Baptiste Gnélié , Ouattara Marie Luce Mâ Semba , Coulibali Zonlehoua , Diomandé Loua Barthélémy , Ballé Segbé Romaric , Soro Yadé Réné
Published: November 2022

Aims: In Côte d'Ivoire, as in many other regions of sub-Saharan Africa, the sustainability of agricultural practices has become a crucial challenge to feed a growing human population. The study was aimed to contribute to better targeting of development efforts on sustainable intensification of maize cultivation, through the diagnostics of smallholder farming practices.

Study Design: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey, involving 80 individual farmers, who were selected in four locations (20 per location) according to their involvement in maize cultivation.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the largest maize production and consumption area in the northern region, between March and September 2022.

Methodology: The investigation was focused on the social characteristics of farmers, agronomic characteristics of cultivation systems and on the production constraints.

Results: The results showed that the maize growing farmers were natives (98.00%) and men (99,00%), without formal education (74.99%). Maize-based cultivations varied, with a prevalence of intercropping systems (53.16%). It is grown on a land area of 5 to over 11 hectares, with common uses of improved varieties, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The production is impaired by poor use of agricultural inputs, poor resource endowments of farmers and fluctuating prices, resulting in low yield and profitability (132 to 768 Euro ha-1).

Conclusion: Attempts to sustain productivity can be geared towards sound agronomic principles, including implementation of Integrated Pest and Disease Management, minimal tillage and soil mulching, application of manure (legume residues) and moderate fertilizer rates, combined with strengthening farmers’ knowledge and reliable marketing chains.
Molecular Classification of Breast Carcinoma Based on the Prognostic Marker: A Clinico-pathological Correlation
Authors: Kumar Umesh , Singh Anju , Chandra Kalpana , Atreya Kshiti , Singh Reecha , Kumar Manish
Published: November 2022

Background: Breast cancer (BC) has now surpassed lung cancer as the leading cause of global cancer incidence in 2020, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases, representing 11.7% of all cancer cases. It is a highly heterogeneous disease with a variety of morphologic and clinical manifestations which results in a range of responses to treatment. Recently, targeted therapies based on the genetic, hormonal, or immunohistochemical (IHC) subtypes of breast cancer have been used.

Objective: The study was a prospective hospital-based observational study with a sample size of 150 cases. The study aimed to determine the distribution of various molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma and also correlate the expression status of ER, PR, Her2neu, and Ki 67 with the patient's age, tumor size, tumor type, histological grade, lymph node status, and TNM staging.

Results: 96.7% of cases were invasive ductal carcinoma (NOS). Most of the grade 1 tumors (68.8%) were both ER and PR positive. Grade 2 tumors had almost equal distribution with 39.4% of patients being ER & PR positive and 43.7% being both ER & PR negative. Almost all grade 3 tumors (88.9%) were both ER and PR -negative.

Conclusion: IHC markers are cost-effective and easily available worldwide even in resource-poor countries like India. A greater understanding of the molecular classification of breast carcinoma based on triple markers will help in the development of targeted therapies that will lead to increased efficacy, decreased toxicity, increased disease-free survival, and better selection of patients who will benefit from treatment.
Understanding of Traffic Signs by Drivers on Urban Roads – A Case Study of Ilorin, Kwara State
Authors: Mustapha Sikirat Damilola , Ibitoye B. A.
Published: November 2022

The effectiveness of traffic signs, which are used often to promote safe driving and are designed to convey critical information quickly, is contingent on drivers' ability to understand them. Therefore, researchers in Ilorin set out to determine how well-understood and compliant traffic control devices were among drivers representing a range of demographics. The study was conducted using a descriptive survey research approach. The population for this study covers commercial and private drivers in Ilorin. The three local government areas in Ilorin were selected Ilorin South, East and West. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select three hundred and eighty-four (384) drivers from the population for the study. The research instrument used for the study is a well-structured questionnaire. Statistics including frequency counts and percentages were used to examine the demographic information, the total proportion of drivers who properly recognized the traffic control device, and the variables that contribute to drivers' inability to comprehend traffic control devices. The average comprehension percentage of warning signs, regulatory signs, information sign, driver’s knowledge of road marking 56.1%, 60.3%, 64.6% and 59% respectively. The study's findings revealed that 60% of drivers in Ilorin generally comprehended traffic control devices.
Phytochemical Analysis and In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Leaves, Root and Stem Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Cochlospermum tintorium and Erythrina senegalensis
Authors: Tijwun Luka Waira , Luka Tijwun Tweinpu , Mshelia Peter Anjili , Abubakar Abdulrasheed , Audu Atiben Atisakunten
Published: November 2022

Aim: This Study was design to determine the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of leaves, roots and stem bark of Cochlospermum tentorium, Bryophyllum pinnatum, and Erythrina senegalensis obtained in Takum Town of Taraba state.

Methods: The leaves, roots and stem bark of Cochlospermum tentorium, Bryophyllum pinnatum, and Erythrina senegalensis were obtained, dried, ground, and extracted using methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the extract at various concentration was tested using agar well diffusion techniques against three human pathogens by measuring zones of inhibition after incubation 24 hours

Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycoside, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and steroids. Flavonoids were however absent in the leaf and stem bark of Cochlospermum tintorium, leaf and roots of Bryophyllum pinnatum, and leaf and roots of Erythrina senegalensis. Phenol and tannins were absent in the roots of Bryophyllum pinnatum. The quantitative screening shows that the leaf of Cochlospermum tintorium had the highest amount of glycoside (1.55mg/dl) while the roots had the least amount (0.81mg/dl). Stem bark of Bryophyllum pinnatum showed the highest amount of tannins (7.51mg/dl) while the leaf had the least (3.54mg/dl). Stem bark of Cochlospermum tintorium showed the highest amount of flavonoid (6.54mg/dl) while the leaf had the least (3.66mg/dl). Stem bark of Cochlospermum tintorium recorded the highest amount of phenol (4.37mg/dl) while the roots had the least (1.48mg/dl). The stem bark of Bryophyllum pinnatum recorded the highest amount of alkaloid (1.30mg/dl) while the leaf recorded the least (0.72mg/dl). Stem bark of Bryophyllum pinnatum showed the highest amount of saponins (2.85mg/dl) while the roots showed the least (1.57mg/dg). The methanolic leaf, root and stem bark extract of Cochlospermum tentorium had potent antibacterial activity, while Bryophyllum pinnatum, and Erythrina senegalensis had minimal antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Klepsiella pneumonae and staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion: This result indicates that the methanolic leaf, root and stem bark extract of Cochlospermum tentorium had antimicrobial activity confirming the folklore claim. Thus, making a strong case for the isolation of novel antimicrobial agent from this plant.
The Effects of Sub-chronic Administration of the Ethanolic Extract of Chromolaena odorata Leaves on the Immune System and Spleen of Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Nwosu D. Chioma , Nwosu M. Izunna , Aguwa Ugochukwu
Published: November 2022

Chromolaena odorata, a neglected weed with wide spectrum is a multipurpose plant that contains high concentration of anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, anti-hypertensive agents that protects against tissue damage. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata on the immune system and spleen of Albino Wistar Rats. 41 adult male rats weighing between 110g -140g were used for this study. LD50 was carried out using 13 rats while 28 rats were used for the experiment proper. The rats used for the experiment proper were divided into four groups of 7 animals each. Group A served as control group and received animal feed and distilled water only, Group B received 1000mg/kg of the leaf extract and water, Group C received 3000mg/kg of the leaf extract and water, and Group D received 6000mg/kg of the leaf extract and water. The ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was administered 4-times per week for 13 weeks. The animals were killed using diethyl ether suffocation, blood samples were collected by ocular puncture for haematological analysis of RBC, WBC and differentials, Platelets, CD4 and CD8 cells count, the spleen and peyer’s patches harvested, weighed and  the spleen  immediately fixed in 10% formol saline for histological analysis. Data was considered significant at p<0.05. Result showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight in the groups when compared to the control group A. Peyer’s patches had a significant decrease (p<0.05) in group B and C, while group D had a significant increase (p>0.05). Hemoglobin concentration, and PCV revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease when compared to the control group. RBC result showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease when compared to group A. Platelet count revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the groups. CD4 and CD8 count also revealed a significant increase. Histopathological study showed reactive lymphoid follicles in group B, circumferential zone of necrosis around a disc shaped eosinophilic, foreign material was seen in group C, and group D had necrosis when compared to control group. In conclusion, the ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena  odorata have toxic effect on hematological indices of RBC, PCV with no effect on immune cell functions of Cd4 and CD8 cell counts and white blood cells.
Endovascular therapy in blunt traumatic aortic injuries
Authors:   Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye, Askin Goktan , Mola Serkan ,   Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye, Aytekin Bahadir ,   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye, Hasanzade Sabir ,   Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye, Tumer Naim Boran ,   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Mavioglu Hayrettin Levent ,   Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye, Iscan Hakki Zafer ,   Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
Published: November 2022

Aim: Blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury (BTTAI) is a catastrophic life-threatening surgical emergency and the second most common cause of death in trauma patients. We retrospectively revealed our results for endovascularly treated BTTAI with early and long-term results. Material and Methods: During January 2009 and January 2022, patients from the emergency department with diagnosed BTTAI were retrospectively revealed. 38 patients all male except two, experienced BTTAI. 5 patients had grade IV, and 21 patients had grade III aortic injuries. Results: Mean age of the patients was 41.7±12.5 years. Technical success was 100%. Early mortality was 7.9%. The mean follow-up period was 49.7±18.3 months. In the follow-up period, there were no TEVAR-related complications. Conclusion: TEVAR is the most suitable treatment for BTTAI in the modern era. Left subclavian artery (LSA) intentional coverage may be performed however surgeon modified fenestrated stent graft (SMFSG) is an effective, economic, fast, and readily available technique for LSA revascularization without additional time.
Extremely rare case; Venous aneurysm
Authors:   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medicine Faculty of Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey, Beyazpinar Deniz Sarp , Şerefli Deniz ,   Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, Harman Ali ,   Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Türkiye, Akay Hakki Tankut ,   Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Türkiye
Published: November 2022

Venous aneurysm is very rare espacially inferior vena cava (IVC) aneurysm is extremely rare. Etiology is not clear and risk factors can be inflammatory disease, thrombosis, trauma and long term complication of long term right heart failure. Angiography with computer tomography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and convantionel venography can use for diagnose. 30 years old male patient admistered to clinic for lower abdominal pain for a month. Largest diameter in subhepatic region and left renal vein were 67mm and 26mm respectively. Literature there were limited numbers of case described. Because of this reason there was no quide or no adopted treatment aprroach was defined. Hardest and challenging part is giving the decision of treatment.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with an altered metabolic profile and increased cancer stemness in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Amrutkar Manoj , Verbeke Caroline S. , Finstadsveen Anette Vefferstad , Dorg Linda , Labori Knut Jørgen , Gladhaug Ivar P.
Published: November 2022

The modest clinical benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are associated with a lack of robust data on treatment‐induced changes in the tumor. To this end, comparative proteomic profiling of tumor tissue samples from treatment‐naïve (TN, n = 20) and NAT‐treated (n = 22) PDACs was performed. Differentially expressed proteins were identified and correlation with overall survival (OS) was performed. Tumors were also examined for histopathological changes and expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. Serum from 33 matched patients was analyzed for metabolic markers. Cytotoxicity, proliferation, and expression of CSC markers were assessed in chemoresistant Panc‐1 and Mia PaCa‐2 cells. Of the 2265 proteins identified, 227 and 144 proteins showed significantly altered expression and differential phosphorylation, respectively, in NAT compared with TN samples. The majority of these were metabolism‐related proteins, and 14 of these correlated moderately with OS. NAT‐treated tumors and chemoresistant cancer cells showed increased expression of CSC markers. Serum ALDH1A1 was higher in NAT compared with TN. Differentially phosphorylated proteins were mainly involved in cytoskeleton organization, cell locomotion, motility, and migration, and 17 of these showed a strong positive correlation with OS. This study provides evidence of the effects of NAT on PDAC metabolism at both the tumor and the systemic levels. NAT‐treated tumors showed significantly lower expression of metabolic proteins, and patients who underwent NAT showed reduced serum lactate and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. Lastly, cancer cells that survived cytotoxic treatment expressed higher CSC markers, both in vivo and in vitro.
Peer correlates of conduct problems in girls
Authors: Schiff Sara J. , Lee Steve S.
Published: November 2022

Conduct problems are increasingly prevalent in girls and they uniquely predict negative outcomes. Yet, few reliable risk factors for aggression and violence in girls and women have been identified. Although preliminary evidence suggests peer relationships may be central to the development of youth conduct problems, especially in girls, rigorous interactive models of peer risk and protective factors for conduct problems are lacking. Based on 3104 10−13‐year‐old girls in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, we tested the independent associations of separate peer risk factors (i.e., relational aggression victimization, physical aggression victimization, and deviant peer affiliation) with multidimensional conduct problems, including their moderation by peer support. Being the victim of relational aggression, being the victim of physical aggression, and deviant peer affiliation were each positively associated with conduct problems and perpetration of aggression whereas peer support was negatively associated with youth report conduct problems and perpetration of physical aggression. Further, elevated peer support significantly attenuated the association of being the victim of relational aggression with teacher‐rated conduct problems. These results highlight the sensitivity of conduct problems to peer risk factors and suggest that peer support designates important configurations of risk that differentially relate to conduct problems in girls.
Pushing the Limit of Open‐Circuit Voltage Deficit via Modifying Buried Interface in CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Chenzhe , Zhang Suicai , Fan Wenqiang , Cheng Feiyu , Sun Haochun , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue
Published: November 2022

Although CsPbI3 perovskites have shown tremendous potential in the photovoltaic field owing to their excellent thermal stability, the device performance is seriously restricted by severe photovoltage loss. The buried titanium oxide/perovskite interface plays a critical role in interfacial charge transport and perovskite crystallization, which is closely related to open‐circuit voltage deficit stemming from nonradiative recombination. Herein, target molecules named 3‐sulphonatopropyl acrylate potassium salts are deliberately employed with special functional groups for modifying the buried interface, giving rise to favorable functions in terms of passivating interfacial defects, optimizing energetic alignment, and facilitating perovskite crystallization. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the buried interface modification inhibits the electron transfer barrier and simultaneously improves perovskite crystal quality, thereby reducing trap‐assisted charge recombination and interfacial energetic loss. Consequently, the omnibearing modification regarding the buried interface endows the devices with an impressive efficiency of 20.98%, achieving a record‐low VOC deficit of 0.451 V. The as‐proposed buried interface modification strategy renders with a universal prescription to push the limit of VOC deficit, showing a promising future in developing high‐performance all‐inorganic perovskite photovoltaics.
A Full‐Device Autonomous Self‐Healing Stretchable Soft Battery from Self‐Bonded Eutectogels
Authors: Gu Chaonan , Wang Mengke , Zhang Kaihuang , Li Jingjing , Lu Yi‐Lin , Cui Yihan , Zhang Yunfei , Liu Chun‐Sen
Published: November 2022

Next‐generation energy storage devices should be soft, stretchable, and self‐healable. Previously reported self‐healable batteries mostly possess limited stretchability and rely on healable electrodes or electrolytes rather than achieving full‐device self‐healability. Herein, an all‐component self‐bonding strategy is reported to obtain an all‐eutectogel soft battery (AESB) that simultaneously achieves full‐cell autonomous self‐healability and omnidirectional intrinsic stretchability (>1000% areal strain) over a broad temperature range (−20~60 °C). Without requiring any external stimulus, the five‐layered soft battery can efficiently recover both its mechanical and electrochemical performance at full‐cell level. The developed AESB can be easily configured into various 3D architectures with highly interfacial compatible eutectogel electrodes, electrolyte, and substrate, presenting an excellent opportunity for the development of embodied energy technologies. The present work provides a general and user‐friendly soft electronic material platform for fabricating a variety of intrinsic self‐healing stretchable multi‐layered electronics, which are promising beyond the field of energy storage, such as displays, sensors, circuits, and soft robots.