bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selecting Parameters for Bending of Tubes Made of the X70 Steel by Numerical Modelling
Authors: Junak G. , Cieśla M. , Tomczak J.
Published: December 2017

This paper addresses numerical analyses of the bending process for tubes made of the X70 steel used in gas distribution pipe-lines. The calculations performed under the research involved simulation of processes of tube bending with local induction heating. The purpose of these calculations was to establish process parameters making it possible to develop pipe bends of geometric features conforming with requirements of the applicable standards. While performing the calculations, an analysis was conducted to determine the probability of occurrence of folding and fractures according to the Cockcroft-Latham criterion.
Research on Liquid Forming Process of Nickel Superalloys Thin Sheet Metals
Authors: Hyrcza-Michalska M.
Published: December 2017

The paper presents the study of drawability of thin sheet metals made of a nickel superalloy Inconel type. The manufacturing process of axisymmetric cup – cone and a closed section profile in the form of a circular tube were designed and analyzed. In both cases, working fluid-oil was used in place of the rigid tools. The process of forming liquid is currently the only alternative method for obtaining complex shapes, coatings, and especially if we do it with high-strength materials. In the case of nickel superalloys the search for efficient methods to manufacture of the shaped shell is one of the most considerable problems in aircraft industry [1-5]. However, the automotive industries have the same problem with so-called advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). Due to this, both industrial problems have been examined and the emphasis have been put on the process of liquid forming (hydroforming). The study includes physical tests and the corresponding numerical simulations performed, using the software Eta/Dynaform 5.9. Numerical analysis of the qualitative and quantitative forecasting enables the formability of materials with complex and unusual characteristics of the mechanical properties and forming technology. It has been found that only the computer aided design based on physical and numerical modeling, makes efficient plastic processing possible using a method of hydroforming. Drawability evaluation based on the determination of the mechanical properties of complex characteristics is an indispensable element of this design in the best practice of industrial manufacturing products made of thin sheet metals.
Electrochemical Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 with Additive Lithium
Authors: Przondziono J. , Hadasik E. , Szala J.
Published: December 2017

The purpose of performed tests was evaluation of resistance to electrochemical corrosion of extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 with additive of 4.5% Li. Corrosion tests were performed in 0.01-2.0 M NaCl solutions. Potentiodynamic tests enabled to register polarisation curves. With application of stereoscopic microscope Nikon SMZ745T and electron scanning microscope Hitachi S-4200, the surface of the alloy was observed after immersion tests performed in 1-6 days. Results of performed tests prove explicitly deterioration of corrosion properties of the alloy with the increase of molar concentration of NaCl solution. It can be seen that corrosion process is intensive and that intensity increases with the increase of solution concentration and extension of exposure time.
Microstructure and Properties of Selected Magnesium-Aluminum Alloys Prepared for SPD Processing Technology
Authors: Cizek L. , Rusz S. , Hilser O. , Śliwa R. , Kuc D. , Tański T. , Tkocz M.
Published: December 2017

A growing interest in wrought magnesium alloys has been noticed recently, mainly due to development of various SPD (severe plastic deformation) methods that enable significant refinement of the microstructure and – as a result – improvement of various functional properties of products. However, forming as-cast magnesium alloys with the increased aluminum content at room temperature is almost impossible. Therefore, application of heat treatment before forming or forming at elevated temperature is recommended for these alloys. The paper presents the influence of selected heat treatment conditions on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the as-cast AZ91 alloy. Deformation behaviour of the as-cast AZ61 alloy at elevated temperatures was analysed as well. The microstructure analysis was performed by means of both light microscopy and SEM. The latter one was used also for fracture analysis. Moreover, the effect of chemical composition modification by lithium addition on the microstructure of the AZ31-based alloy is presented. The test results can be helpful in preparation of the magnesium-aluminum alloys for further processing by means of SPD methods.
Modification of Aluminium-Silicon Near-Eutectic Alloy with Use of Electrolysis of Sodium Salt
Authors: Białobrzeski A. , Pezda J. , Jarco A.
Published: December 2017

The present work discusses results of preliminary tests concerning the technology of continuous dosage of sodium to a metallic bath from the aspect of modification of EN AC-44200 alloy, through the use of a multiple compound (salt) of sodium. The technology consists in continuous electrolysis of sodium salts occurring directly in a crucible with liquid alloy. As a measure of the degree of alloy modification over the course of testing, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS or Rm) and analysis of microstructure are taken, which confirm the obtained effects of the modification on the investigated alloy. Assurance of stable parameters during the process of continuous modification with sodium, taking into consideration the fact of complex physical-chemical phenomena, requires additional tests aimed at their optimization and determination of a possibility of implementation of such technology in metallurgical processes.
The Decopperization and Coagulation by Use the Carbon-N-Ox Method
Authors: Bydałek A.W. , Migas P. , Wołczyński W. , Karwan-Baczewska J.
Published: December 2017

This paper discusses the impact of complex chemical reagents during the process of decopperisation of slag. The beneficial effect of carbide response factors with the participation of nitrogen was indicated as well as the role of stimulators surfactants. Based on the results of the research the basic structure of the slag during decopperisation was systematized. The effects of coagulation of droplets of copper in the slag were shown in this paper.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of the Kinetic of Pd(II) Chloride Complex Ions Sorption Process from Diluted Aqua Solutions Using Commercially Available Activated Carbon
Authors: Wojnicki M.
Published: December 2017

In this paper, results of adsorption kinetic studies of Pd(II) chloride complex ions on activated carbon Organosrob 10 CO are presented. Spectorphotometrical method was applied to investigate the process. Kinetic model was proposed, and fundamental thermodynamic parameters were determined. Proposed kinetic model describes well observed phenomenon in the studied range of concentration of Pd(II) chloride complex ions as well, as concentration of activated carbon.
Fault Diagnosis of Three Phase Induction Motor Using Current Signal, MSAF-Ratio15 and Selected Classifiers
Authors: Glowacz A. , Glowacz W. , Glowacz Z. , Kozik J. , Gutten M. , Korenciak D. , Khan Z. F. , Irfan M. , Carletti E.
Published: December 2017

A degradation of metallurgical equipment is normal process depended on time. Some factors such as: operation process, friction, high temperature can accelerate the degradation process of metallurgical equipment. In this paper the authors analyzed three phase induction motors. These motors are common used in the metallurgy industry, for example in conveyor belt. The diagnostics of such motors is essential. An early detection of faults prevents financial loss and downtimes. The authors proposed a technique of fault diagnosis based on recognition of currents. The authors analyzed 4 states of three phase induction motor: healthy three phase induction motor, three phase induction motor with 1 faulty rotor bar, three phase induction motor with 2 faulty rotor bars, three phase induction motor with faulty ring of squirrel-cage. An analysis was carried out for original method of feature extraction called MSAF-RATIO15 (Method of Selection of Amplitudes of Frequencies – Ratio 15% of maximum of amplitude). A classification of feature vectors was performed by Bayes classifier, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Nearest Neighbour classifier. The proposed technique of fault diagnosis can be used for protection of three phase induction motors and other rotating electrical machines. In the near future the authors will analyze other motors and faults. There is also idea to use thermal, acoustic, electrical, vibration signal together.
Changes in Structure of CuCr0.6 Alloy After Repetitive Corrugation Process
Authors: Jung T. , Kwaśny W. , Rdzawski Z. , Głuchowski W. , Matus K. , Pawlyta M. , Szindler M.
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the study of repetitive corrugation process influence on the strengthening of annealed alloy. Based on the results of mechanical properties of deformed sample, it has been found that the microhardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and apparent elastic limit are significantly increased in relation to annealed sample. Examination on transmission electron microscopy confirmed the effect of intensive plastic deformation on structure fragmentation in the nanometric scale. This work confirmed the possibility of using the repetitive corrugation process to increase mechanical properties of CuCr0.6 alloy.
The Early Repolarization ECG Pattern – An Update
Authors: Szabó István Adorján , Fárr Annamária , Kocsis Ildikó , Máthé Lehel , Szilágyi László , Frigy Atilla
Published: December 2017

Early repolarization pattern (ERP), a form of J-wave syndromes, was considered long time a benign ECG phenomenon. However, recent data confirmed that certain phenotypes of ERP are related to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (idiopathic ventricular fibrillation). Our paper gives a short and practical update regarding the main issues related to ERP: epidemiological data, molecular and electrophysiological background, clinical significance and risk stratification. At the end, the future directions of research and clinical management related to ERP are presented.
Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for Determination of Meloxicam and Tenoxicam from Transdermal Therapeutic Systems
Authors: Antonoaea Paula , Cârje Anca Gabriela , Ciurba Adriana , Todoran Nicoleta , Vlad Alexandru Robert , Muntean Daniela Lucia
Published: December 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate two HPLC methods for the quantification of meloxicam and tenoxicam from transdermal therapeutic systems.

Methods: Based on 1.0% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 15000, transdermal patches containing meloxicam or tenoxicam were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. Analytical performances of the HPLC methods for the quantification of meloxicam and tenoxicam from such systems were assessed in terms of specificity, linearity, detection limit, quantification limit, recovery and precision.

Results and discussion: The linearity of the method was assessed through a calibration curve in the 1.0 - 75.0 μg∙mL−1 concentration range, with a regression coefficient higher than 0.999. The detection limit and the quantification limit were found to be 0.46 μg∙mL−1 and 1.39 μg∙mL−1, for meloxicam; and 0.88 μg∙mL−1, respectively 2.64 μg∙mL−1 for tenoxicam. According to the European Pharmacopeia 5.0 the mean recovery was found to be between 75% and 125%. As performance criteria for precision was used the RSD% which were lower than 2.0% for both methods.

Conclusions: The proposed liquid chromatography methods provide selective, linear and precise results for the quantification of meloxicam and tenoxicam from transdermal therapeutic systems. The presence of a single peak in the chromatograms of the analyzed transdermal patches with meloxicam or tenoxicam, certify the successful determination of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in the prepared patches.
Simultaneous Extrahepatic Portal and Iliac Veins Thrombosis After Abdominal Surgery - A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Tilea Ioan , Negovan Anca Elena , Tatar Cristina Maria , Ardeleanu Elena , Neagoe Radu Mircea , Marginean Raluca , Varga Andreea
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis (EPVT) is the most frequent cause that leads to portal hypertension in non-cirrhotic patients. This condition is related to systemic and local risk factors (such as inflammatory lesions, injuries to portal venous system by surgery, vascular procedures).

Case presentation: A case of extended extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis and simultaneous thrombosis of left common iliac vein and inferior vena cava, appeared after abdominal surgery in a hypertensive, diabetic, 50 y.o. man is presented. An acute episode of abdominal pain was interpreted as an emergency and a surgical (initially laparoscopic and then open) procedure was planned in order to perform an appendectomy. Discharge diagnosis was hemoperitoneum secondary to iatrogenic rupture of sigmoid mesocolon provoked by trocar manipulation. Repeated imaging studies performed later revealed the thrombosis of portal vein with extension into right portal branch associated with superior mesenteric thrombosis and free-floating thrombus into left common iliac vein extended towards inferior vena cava. Surgical manoeuvres are considered as triggers of these thrombotic events. After 4 weeks of parenteral anticoagulation a partial recanalization of thrombi was identified, without bleedings.

Conclusions: Acute EPVT needs a carefully management. Case is linked to abdominal surgery and requires prolonged anticoagulation related to simultaneous portal and iliac vein thrombosis. Associated conditions (hypertension and diabetes mellitus) must have an appropriate approach. After our knowledge this is the first case published in literature.
African Motifs in Greek Vase Painting
Authors: Honzl Jiří
Published: December 2017

In the beginning the paper concisely summarises contacts of Greeks with Egypt, focusing on their interests on the North African coast, up until the Classical Period. The brief description of Greek literary reception of Egypt during the same timeframe is following. The main part of the paper is dedicated to various African (and supposedly African) motifs depicted in Greek vase painting. These are commented upon and put in the relevant context. In the end the individual findings are summarised and confronted with the literary image described above.
Lifetime Performances of Modernized GLONASS Satellites: A Review
Authors: Sarkar Shreya , Bose Anindya
Published: December 2017

GLONASS, successfully operating during 1990s became unusable by early 2000s. Following a revitalization and modernization plan since 2004, GLONASS constellation has been completed again by the end of 2011 and the use of GLONASS is gaining popularity. Because of the previous experience, some scepticism exists among the stakeholders in using GLONASS for reliable solution and application development. This paper critically reviews the operational lifespan of GLONASS satellites launched between 2004 and 2016, as this is an important contributor towards reliability and sustained operation of the system. For popularization and extracting full benefits of GLONASS as stand-alone system or as an active component of multi-GNSS, major issues of assuring the minimum sufficient GLONASS constellation (of 24…23 satellites), efficient design implementation and the modernized ground control segment development and operation need to be properly taken care of by the system operators.
EGNOS Monitoring Prepared in Space Research Centre P.A.S. for SPMS Project
Authors: Swiatek Anna , Jaworski Leszek , Tomasik Lukasz
Published: December 2017

The European Geostationary Overlay Service (EGNOS) augments Global Positioning System (GPS) by providing correction data and integrity information for improving positioning over Europe. EGNOS Service Performance Monitoring Support (SPMS) project has assumed establishment, maintenance and implementation of an EGNOS performance monitoring network.

The paper presents preliminary results of analyses prepared in Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences (Warsaw), as one of partners in SPMS project.
A “Stranger” Researching Narratives in Southern Slovakia: Hungarian Minority Research by an Anthropologist Who Is Not “At Home”
Authors: Kambara Yuko
Published: December 2017

This paper considers methodological questions regarding cultural/social anthropological research in multiethnic fields. Specifically, I attempt to reconsider the possibility of anthropological research by a “stranger” based on a research that I—a Japanese anthropologist—conducted in southern Slovakia. Anthropology originally developed as the study of other cultures; in some European countries, however, most anthropological research is conducted by anthropologists who are “at home”. For Slovak and Hungarian researchers, the Hungarian minority has been a common research target; therefore, many inhabitants, both ethnic Hungarians and Slovaks, have already experienced social research as subjects. Some interviewees get use to present a narrative expressing how they think about a certain topic. This research condition points to a fundamental question in the interviews of anthropological research. In this paper, therefore, my research experience is described to analyze reflexively my research position in the field.

In fact, it is difficult to theoretically define the boundary between “at home” and “stranger”; the difference depends on the context of each study. Anthropologists need to interpret their narratives by considering the results of participant observation and reflexivity in the research. “Stranger” anthropologists might have the advantage of noticing informants’ reflexivity in their narratives. This discussion can, in turn, become part of an ongoing process by which inhabitants’ interactions with researchers create new master narratives in the field.
Individualized identification of disturbed pathways in sickle cell disease
Authors: Lu Chun-Juan , Wang Yan , Huang Ya-Li , Li Xin-Hua
Published: December 2017

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common genetic blood disorders. Identifying pathway aberrance in an individual SCD contributes to the understanding of disease pathogenesis and the promotion of personalized therapy. Here we proposed an individualized pathway aberrance method to identify the disturbed pathways in SCD.

Methods

Based on the transcriptome data and pathway data, an individualized pathway aberrance method was implemented to identify the altered pathways in SCD, which contained four steps: data preprocessing, gene-level statistics, pathway-level statistics, and significant analysis. The changed percentage of altered pathways in SCD individuals was calculated, and a differentially expressed gene (DEG)-based pathway enrichment analysis was performed to validate the results.

Results

We identified 618 disturbed pathways between normal and SCD conditions. Among them, 6 pathways were altered in > 80% SCD individuals. Meanwhile, forty-six DEGs were identified between normal and SCD conditions, and were enriched in heme biosynthesis. Relative to DEG-based pathway analysis, the new method presented richer results and more extensive application.

Conclusion

This study predicted several disturbed pathways via detecting pathway aberrance on a personalized basis. The results might provide new sights into the pathogenesis of SCD and facilitate the application of custom treatment for SCD.
Effect of lithium nitrate on the reaction between opal aggregate and sodium and potassium hydroxides in concrete over a long period of time
Authors: Zapała-Sławeta J. , Owsiak Z.
Published: December 2017

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a reaction between amorphous or poorly crystallized siliceous phase, present in aggregates, and sodium and potassium hydroxides in the pore solution of concrete. Chemical admixtures such as lithium compounds are known to have high potential of inhibiting ASR. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lithium nitrate on ASR in mortars containing high reactive opal aggregate over a long period of time. Mortar bar expansion tests were performed and microstructures of mortar bars were observed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyser. Results from this study showed that effectiveness of lithium nitrate in mitigating ASR was limited over a long period of time. A larger amount of ASR gel which was formed in the presence of lithium nitrate indicated that the deterioration processes intensify within longer periods of time, which so far has not been observed in literature. Microscopic observation confirmed the presence of alkali-silica gel and delayed ettringite in mortars with lithium nitrate.
Test-supported numerical analysis for evaluation of the load capacity of thin-walled corrugated profiles
Authors: Piekarczuk A.
Published: December 2017

The paper concentrates on a quantitative evaluation of the load capacity of thin-walled, curved steel profiles used as arched roofs in building structures. Corrugation of a profile surface formed by cold rolling changes its load capacity as compared to thin-walled profiles. The paper presents a comparative evaluation of the influence of a sample profile corrugation on its ability to transfer internal forces. The results of the study are presented as limit curves describing load capacity at simultaneous bending and compression. The analysis was conducted using a numerical computational method supported by a study of elements in natural scale. The paper presents a methodology of test-supported calculations and guidelines for practical use by designers.
Iterative sliding mode observer for sensorless control of five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Yang J. , Dou M. , Zhao D.
Published: December 2017

Due to the star connection of the windings, the impact of the third harmonic which does not exist in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) cannot be ignored in five-phase PMSM. So the conventional sensorless control methods for three-phase PMSM cannot be applied for five-phase PMSM directly. To achieve the sensorless control for five-phase PMSM, an iterative sliding mode observer (ISMO) is proposed with the consideration of the third harmonic impact. First, a sliding mode observer (SMO) is designed based on the fivephase PMSM model with the third harmonic to reduce the chattering and obtain the equivalent signal of the back electromotive force (EMF). Then, an adaptive back EMF observer is built to estimate the motor speed and rotor position, which eliminates the low-pass filter and phase compensation module and improves the estimation accuracy. Meanwhile, by iteratively using the SMO in one current sampling period to adjust the sliding mode gains, the sliding mode chattering and estimation errors of motor speed and rotor position are further reduced. Besides, the stability of the SMO and the adaptive back EMF observer are demonstrated in detail by Lyapunov stability criteria. Experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed observer for sensorless control of five-phase PMSM.
Multi-spark modeling of very fast transient overvoltages for the purposes of developing HV and UHV gas-insulated switchgear and of conducting insulation co-ordination studies
Authors: Szewczyk M.
Published: December 2017

Very fast transient overvoltages (VFTO) originate from steep voltage breakdowns in SF6gas that are inherent to operation of any switching device of the gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) type. For power stations with voltage ratings exceeding 500 kV, the ratio between equipment rated- and withstand-voltage levels becomes relatively low, which causes the VFTO peak values to reach the component’s insulation withstand-voltage levels, thus becoming a design factor for high- and ultra-high voltage GIS. While well-established approach to VFTO analyses involves only single VFTO events (the so-called single-spark approach), there is often the need to analyze the entire VFTO generation process, for which the multi-spark approach to VFTO modeling is to be employed. The multi-spark approach allows one to evaluate the VFTO impact on the GIS disconnector design along with the impact of the VFTO on selection and dimensioning of the VFTO damping solutions. As the multi-spark approach to VFTO modeling is now being increasingly used in UHV GIS developments as well as for the insulation co-ordination studies of power stations, the present paper is motivated by the need to report on the VFTO multi-spark modeling approach and to lay a common ground for development works that are supported extensively with VFTO simulations. The paper presents physical assumptions and modeling concepts that are in use in such modeling works. Development of the multi-spark GIS disconnector model for VFTO simulations is presented, followed by an overview of examples of the model application for the GIS development works and for insulation co-ordination studies.
Computational modeling of creep in complex plane for reinforced materials
Authors: Monfared V.
Published: December 2017

Computational modeling for predicting the steady state creep behavior is presented in complex plane for reinforced materials by complex variable method. Both the fiber and matrix simultaneously creep at elevated temperatures and loading. We suppose that one dimension of the short fiber is small enough in comparison with the other two (see Fig. 1). In this formulation, plane stress state is used. Finally, displacement rate behaviors are predicted using compatibility, equilibrium, constitutive, and governing equations by complex variable method. One of the considerable applications of the method is in nano-composites analysis in elasticity or plasticity research.
FPGA implementation of logarithmic versions of Baum-Welch and Viterbi algorithms for reduced precision hidden Markov models
Authors: Pietras M. , Klęsk P.
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a programmable system-on-chip implementation to be used for acceleration of computations within hidden Markov models. The high level synthesis (HLS) and “divide-and-conquer” approaches are presented for parallelization of Baum-Welch and Viterbi algorithms. To avoid arithmetic underflows, all computations are performed within the logarithmic space. Additionally, in order to carry out computations efficiently – i.e. directly in an FPGA system or a processor cache – we postulate to reduce the floating-point representations of HMMs. We state and prove a lemma about the length of numerically unsafe sequences for such reduced precision models. Finally, special attention is devoted to the design of a multiple logarithm and exponent approximation unit (MLEAU). Using associative mapping, this unit allows for simultaneous conversions of multiple values and thereby compensates for computational efforts of logarithmic-space operations. Design evaluation reveals absolute stall delay occurring by multiple hardware conversions to logarithms and to exponents, and furthermore the experiments evaluation reveals HMMs computation boundaries related to their probabilities and floating-point representation. The performance differences at each stage of computation are summarized in performance comparison between hardware acceleration using MLEAU and typical software implementation on an ARM or Intel processor.
Defensive Structures of Severynivka Hillfort (Excavations of 2009 and 2012-2013)
Authors: Shelekhan Oleksandr , Lifantii Oksana , Boltryk Yuriy , Ignaczak Marcin
Published: December 2017

The article focuses on the research results of Severynivka hillfort fortifications. In 2009 a rampart and a moat on a cliff on the south floor-level side. In 2012-2013 there was made a rampart and escarp sections in the north-eastern part of the fortification. Separate stages of its construction are distinguished; the possible reconstruction of the defensive structures is suggested.
Metal Artefacts from the Severynivka Hillfort
Authors: Lifantii Oksana , Shelekhan Oleksandr
Published: December 2017

There is a considerable amount of bronze and iron products originating from the Severynivka hillfort. The findings were divided into groups according to function. Assumptions have been made about the source regions of their origin.
Moral Virtues in J. A. Comenius’ Mundus Moralis
Authors: Šolcová Kateřina
Published: December 2017

The aim of the article is to reconstruct Jan Amos Comenius’ (1592–1670) conception of moral virtues as it is presented in his major work General Consultation on an Improvement of All Things Human (De rerum humanarum emendatione consultatio catholica), mainly in its part Pansophia – Mundus Moralis with respect to the role which prudence plays (prudentia) in relation to the other cardinal virtues – fortitude (fortitude), justice (justitia), and temperance (temperantia). Comenius’ conception of virtues is further compared with the traditional Aristotelian-Scholastic doctrine formulated prevailingly by Aquinas. In conclusion, it is shown that it is the position of prudence (prudentia), as an intellectual virtue that connects significantly Comenius with the Aristotle-Thomistic tradition in this perspective.
On the puzzling value of human life
Authors: Cicovacki Predrag
Published: December 2017

The author examines our conflicting attitudes regarding the proper value of human life. While the main issue initially appears to deal with whether or not human life has an intrinsic (or absolute) value, it turns out that a far more important and complex issue concerns the tension between the equal value of every human life and the differences in the quality of one’s life. The author discusses the views of Kant, Schweitzer, Berlin, Scheler, and then Hartmann, in whose views the author recognizes the most important contributions to this puzzle.
Anthropomorphism as a methodological problem of animal ethics (in the memory of Sir Patrick Bateson)
Authors: Jemelka Petr , Gluchman Martin
Published: December 2017

The paper aims to highlight the serious methodological issue of contemporary bioethics (especially topics on the subject of animal ethics). In the discourse on the issue of the pain and suffering of animals and in derived questions, a certain form of anthropomorphism is manifested. Ethical applications of empirical research results that are relevant to humans (or humans as an anatomically and physiologically analogous animal species) are preferred. Subsequently, these extrapolations serve as a criterion for judging the qualitative level of the capabilities of all animals. Serious ethical conclusions are drawn from this reduction.
Institutional Framework for Support of Local Entrepreneurship Within Leader Approach in Slovakia
Authors: Bumbalová Monika
Published: December 2017

Current development of rural areas of Slovakia is not fully reflecting the measures taken at the level of the European Union. Contrary, the differences between the territories seem to be deepening. When analysing the critical factors, job creation together with unemployment seem to be among the most pressing ones. The academics believe that the local entrepreneurship and development of small and medium size enterprises (SME) in rural areas have significant impact on accelerating the development of these communities, yet, only limited measures are taken to support them. Therefore, the main objective of the paper is to analyze the institutional framework for support of local SME within implementation of the LEADER approach as a direct instrument of the rural development policy. The emphasis was put on the last programming period (2007 – 2013) and the conditions set for the current programming period (2014 – 2020).
Protest of the Prosecutor as a Tool of Agricultural Land Protection
Authors: Gaduš Ján
Published: December 2017

The prosecutor’s protest is a legal mean by which the prosecutor supervises the observance of law by public authorities. District offices, cadastral departments decide on the deposit of property rights to real estate, as well as on ownership rights to agricultural land, and also decide on the protest of the prosecutor. If the relevant District office, cadastral department, or its superior authority does not remove the non–compliance by issuing a decision or a measure that complies with the law, the prosecutor may bring the case to court. The court may annul the contested decision or measure. The aim of the paper is to collect and analyse data and evaluate the institute of prosecutor’s protest as an effective tool of agricultural land protection in connection with its acquisition or transfer. The paper compares the individual years in the observed period of time and also compares different regions in Slovakia. The result is a comparison and evaluation of the observed time periods.
Legal Framework for Establishing and Functioning of Start–Ups in the Conditions of Slovak Legislation
Authors: Ilková Zuzana
Published: December 2017

The existing legal regulation of the Slovak Republic allowed small and medium–sized enterprises, which form a basis for the business environment, not only in Slovakia but also in economically advanced countries, to have a legal form of any of the four types of commercial companies or cooperatives. According to the Concept for Supporting Start–ups and Start–up Ecosystem in the Slovak Republic, for the optimal engagement of investors and start–up development in the Slovak Republic, it is most effective to introduce a new form of capital commercial company that will allow for a flexible set–up of property relationships, investors’ entry and exit from the investment. The paper deals with the issue of special regulation of private law, company law. It points out some of the changes introduced to the regulation of commercial companies by introducing a new type of capital company, a simple joint–stock company and highlights possible problems in application. The new form of a capital commercial company was established by an amendment to the Commercial Code, Act no. 389/2015 Coll., which entered into force on January 1st, 2017. The purpose of the new form of a commercial company, as stated in the explanatory memorandum, is to ensure the legal form of a legal entity, which would be a complex and, at the same time, simple solution for risky investment in the form of commercial companies, especially investments to start–ups. To what extent the new form of a commercial company will meet the expectations of investors, will only be proved after its practical implementation and after the expression of the investors' interest in engaging in such form of company.
Land Administration and Land Consolidation as Part of Austrian Land Management
Authors: Mansberger Reinfried , Seher Walter
Published: December 2017

Land administration and land consolidation are two pillars of the Austrian land management sharing a long tradition and duties defined by the constitution. Land administration supports measures of land consolidation with cadastre data, land registry data and other geo–technical data. New methods and instruments of geodata assessment provides a more detailed information about land and its changes. The geo–products are contributing to an improved process efficiency of land consolidation authorities. In addition, the role of land consolidation changed from an instrument to improve farming structures to a multifunctional tool of land management.
A robust method for haploid sugar beet in vitro proliferation and hyperhydricity reduction
Authors: Pazuki Arman , Aflaki Fatemeh , Gürel Ekrem , Ergül Ali , Gürel Songül
Published: December 2017

Sugar beet is recalcitrant to in vitro tissue culture. Usually, proliferation of in vitro cultured rosette explants is a prerequisite for micropropagation. Although hormonal treatments can induce proliferation in sugar beet rosette explants, they may also result in some side effects. In vitro culture of sugar beet explants and some hormonal treatments make them more prone to hyperhydricity. Effects of media with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kin) on the proliferation and hyperhydricity of haploid sugar beet explants were investigated. It was observed that 0.2 mg L-1 Kin, with a reasonable amount of proliferation and minimum rate of hyperhydricity, performed better than BAP in different concentrations and combinations. The effect sizes of the treatments on the dependent variables were large. The correlation between proliferation and hyperhydricity of the treated explants was statistically negative and the association was large. However, the hormonal treatments without BAP or with the lowest amount of it produced the highest proliferation rate with the least hyperhydricity. The coefficient of determination was R2 quadratic = 0.885. The results suggest that, in comparison with BAP, Kin is a potent plant growth regulator for the proliferation of sugar beet haploid explants that causes the least hyperhydricity. Although explants proliferated better in the presence of 0.01 mg L-1 BAP in combination with Kin than under Kin alone, the hyperhydricity of the proliferated explants decreased their suitability for in vitro propagation.
Financial Performance in the Light of Corporate Governance in Polish Family Businesses
Authors: Socha Błażej , Majda-Kariozen Aleksandra
Published: December 2017

The article presents a view (on the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis) of corporate governance models used in Polish family businesses through financial performance. The empirical analysis covered a sample of 24,000 Polish family businesses in the period of 2008–2013. The use of linear regression has allowed the authors to verify the hypothesis concerning the occurrence of differences in profitability ratios in groups of family businesses using variant management models and allowed verifying the relationship between the degree of control and involvement of the owners in management and financial performance. The received results, though inconclusive, indicate that the involvement of the owner in the governance process can affect the financial aspect of a business. The prepared empirical analysis and conclusions of the article contribute to a better understanding of the measures taken on management and control decisions; what is more, they can provide guidance to the owners of family businesses in shaping the corporate governance model.
Using Monte Carlo Methods for the Valuation of Intangible Assets in Sports Economics
Authors: Majewski Sebastian , Majewska Agnieszka
Published: December 2017

This paper indicates the possibilities of using Monte Carlo simulations methods in players’ performance rights value monitoring. The authors have formulated a hypothesis that connects Monte Carlo methods (MC) and econometric models of the player’s life cycle that could give club managers another source of information for the decision process. The MC method in finance is usually used to value the option price on the basis of assumed distribution of price changes. In this approach, the method was used to determine future the hypothetical value of footballers’ performance rights. Using econometric models of the player’s life cycle we could observe and analyse the phase in the life cycle of a football player and determine volatility.

In this paper we use historical data of the market values of chosen football players from the website http://transfermarkt.de. The analysis is based on popular valuable players after the growth phase of their life cycle. For the visualisation of the “Championships games bubble” problem we analyse the periods before and after the UEFA EURO 2016.

The opportunities and threats of a such an attempt are shown in this paper.
Taxonomic Analysis of Voivodships Development in Terms of ICT Usage in Enterprises
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Paweł
Published: December 2017

The aim of this paper is to analyse the development of voivodships in terms of ICT usage in enterprises by means of taxonomic methods. The theoretical part of the paper has been devoted to the role of modern information and communication technologies in post-industrial enterprises, in particular to the meaning of these technologies for new management concepts (e-business, online marketing, CRM, network management, X-engineering). The research methodology has been carried out, with special attention being paid to the agglomerative clustering method and optimization clustering method.

The empirical part of the paper presents a taxonomic analysis of voivodships with respect to the employment of ICT in enterprises. Data from the years 2014–2015, published by the Central Statistical Office of Poland, have been used. Seventeen potential diagnostic variables have been identified. In the end, variables with the highest discriminative possibilities were selected. The rankings of the voivodships were thus created. Then, voivodships were clustered by means of Ward’s method and the k-means method. The obtained results were evaluated regarding their conformity.
Application of different protocols and age-models in OSL dating of earthen mortars
Authors: Panzeri Laura , Cantù Michela , Martini Marco , Sibilia Emanuela
Published: December 2017

In this study, OSL dating was applied to earthen mortars, consisting in a quartz-rich aggregate dispersed in silty-clayey matrix. The samples were taken from two independently dated structures in Cremona, Northern Italy (Palazzo Raimondi, 1495–1499 AD and Palazzo Soldi, 1770–1790 AD). The evaluation of the equivalent dose (De) was attempted with both the multigrain and the single grain protocols using the 150–250 μm quartz fraction.

The reliability and effectiveness of the various statistical methods in identifying the well-bleached samples were tested. The use of the multi-grain technique gave unreliable results, due to the high amount of poorly bleached grains. With the single-grain technique, more promising results were obtained: in particular, the un-log MAM3 and IEU models allowed an accurate evaluation of the mortar expected age in most cases, even if the precision is still relatively low.
Post-IR IRSL dating of K-feldspar from last interglacial marine terrace deposits on the Kamikita coastal plain, northeastern Japan
Authors: Ito Kazumi , Tamura Toru , Tsukamoto Sumiko
Published: December 2017

To establish a suitable luminescence dating protocol for marine terrace deposits in Japan, we tested the applicability of K-feldspar post-infrared (IR) infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) (pIRIR) dating using a marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e terrace deposit from the Kamikita coastal plain (NE Japan), where independent age control from a tephra is available. One of the most commonly used pIRIR signals, measured at 290°C with the first IR stimulation temperature at 50°C (pIRIR50/290), faded with a mean g2days value of 1.94 ± 0.19%/decade. In contrast, the pIRIR signal with a higher first IR stimulation temperature of 200°C (pIRIR200/290) had a much lower fading rate (g2days = 0.16 ± 0.49%/decade). The average fading-uncorrected and -corrected pIRIR200/290 ages of MIS 5e subtidal sediments obtained from two sampling sites were 126 ± 3 ka and 132 ± 2 ka, which is in good agreement with the independent age control. We conclude that is it is now possible to use pIRIR protocol to estimate the ages of not only marine terraces formed during MIS 5 substages (5a, 5c) but also of older marine terraces, for which age evidence is limited.
Variation of OSL residual doses in terms of coarse and fine grain modern sediments along the Hungarian section of the Danube
Authors: Tóth Orsolya , Sipos György , Kiss Tímea , Bartyik Tamás
Published: December 2017

Reliable OSL dating of fluvial sediments requires an assessment of incomplete bleaching and consequent residual dose in samples. A well-established way of this is determining the equivalent dose of modern samples from similar sedimentary environments as in the case of palaeo-samples. Meanwhile, relatively low, or close to zero doses are also greatly affected by the thermal transfer phenomenon, which can also lead to a palaeodose overestimation. The present study attempts to quantify both factors in coarse and fine grain modern sediments along the Hungarian section of the Danube River, with the aim of determining their significance when dating both young and palaeo-sediments. Investigations were performed at 30 sites along a 417 km long river section with varying morphological and erosive character. The studied samples were deposited during the record flood of 2013, mobilising and relocating a vast amount of sediment in the system. Tests have shown that thermal transfer can be minimized successfully by choosing preheat temperatures below 200°C, however it remains a significant factor when dating young or modern sediments. Based on equivalent dose measurements, coarse grain samples proved to be relatively well bleached, and residual doses showed only a minor spatial variation. Although in terms of fine grain samples residual doses were obviously much higher, results can enhance the reliability of dates retrieved later from fine grain palaeo-samples. In the meantime, the higher spatial variability of fine grain residual doses may also allow the assessment of the erosive character of different river reaches.
Eine genetische Analyse des Zugangs zum Anderen / A Genetic Analysis of the Access to the Other
Authors: Lohmar Dieter
Published: December 2017

I start with an immanent critique of Husserls 5th Cartesian Meditation that reveals the weakness of the constitutional Analysis in this text, especially in the view of genetic phenomenology. First I argue for a methodically differentiation in concern to different privileged parts of our lived body. Hands and feet seems to be much more suitable for analogical apperception than facial expressions, because we do not know so much about our own mimics. My special interest is a specific genetic phenomenological analysis of our access to the other that is oriented on the function of the type. The type somehow carries all our experiences with others in it and I will argue that the layers of this history are also functioning in every apperception of an other.
The Pain of Granting Otherness: Interoception and the Differentiation of the Other / Der Schmerz der Gewährung von Andersheit: Interozeption und die Differenzierung des Objekts
Authors: Taipale Joona
Published: December 2017

This article examines the foundations of social experience from a psychoanalytic perspective. In current developmental psychology, social cognition debate, and phenomenology of empathy, it is widely assumed that the self and the other are differentiated from the outset, and the basic challenge is accordingly taken to consist in explaining how the gap between the self and the other can be bridged. By contrast, in the psychoanalytic tradition, the central task is considered to lie in explaining how such a gap is established in the first place. My article develops this latter idea. I focus on the infant’s early experience of care, show how the presence of the caregiver can be interpreted in terms of an interoceptive experience, illustrate the gradual self/other differentiation from this perspective, and thus argue that the other is granted ‘otherness’ gradually. By emphasising this graduality, I challenge the assumption that self/other differentiation dominates the infant’s life from the outset. In this manner, I show how the psychoanalytic theory may be used in contesting one of the cornerstones of the current research paradigm.