bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Error Analysis of Photometric Stereo with Near Quasi‐Point Lights
Authors: Chen Q. , Ren Y. , Zhao Z. , Tao W. , Zhao H.
Published: June 2022

The shape recovery quality of photometric stereo is sensitive to complicated error factors under close range lighting of quasi‐point lights. However, the error performance of photometric stereo under this practical scenario is still obscure. This paper presents a comprehensive error analysis of photometric stereo with near quasi‐point lights (NQPL‐PS). Five main error factors are identified under this scenario and their corresponding analytical formulations are introduced. Statistic computation and experiments are used to validate the theoretical formulations and inspect the relationships between normal inaccuracies and each type of discrepancies. In addition, the impacts of multiple system parameters of an NQPL‐PS configuration on the normal estimation error are also studied. In order to evaluate the relative importance of various error factors, a probability‐based evaluation criterion is proposed, which focuses on the error performance over the state space and the error space, rather than the simple comparison of the values of normal inaccuracy. The assessment results show that the non‐uniformity of illuminants, and the calibration error in the position of light sources hold the dominant places among those five error factors. This paper provides insights for the accuracy improvement and system design of NQPL‐PS.
Shugan granule contributes to the improvement of depression‐like behaviors in chronic restraint stress‐stimulated rats by altering gut microbiota
Authors: Li Junnan , Li Yannan , Duan Wenzhe , Zhao Zhonghui , Yang Lixuan , Wei Wei , Li Jingchun , Li Yang , Yu Yao , Dai Baoan , Guo Rongjuan
Published: June 2022

Aim

The investigation aims to evaluate the potential effect of Shugan Granule (SGKL) on the gut, brain, and behaviors in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS).

Methods

The fecal microbiota and metabolite changes were studied in rats exposed to CRS and treated with SGKL (0.1 mg/kg/day). Depressive behaviors of these rats were determined through an open‐field experiment, forced swimming test, sucrose preference, and weighing. Moreover, LPS‐stimulated microglia and CRS‐stimulated rats were treated with SGKL to investigate the regulation between SGKL and the PI3K/Akt/pathway, which is inhibited by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor.

Results

(i) SGKL improved the altered behaviors in CRS‐stimulated rats; (ii) SGKL ameliorated the CRS‐induced neuronal degeneration and tangled nerve fiber and also contributed to the recovery of intestinal barrier injury in these rats; (iii) SGKL inhibited the hippocampus elevations of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in response to CRS modeling; (iv) based on the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), SGKL altered α‐diversity indices and shifted β‐diversity in CRS‐stimulated rats; (v) at the genus level, SGKL decreased the CRS‐enhanced abundance of Bacteroides; (vi) Butyricimonas and Candidatus Arthromitus were enriched in SGKL‐treated rats; (vii) altered gut microbiota and metabolites were correlated with behaviors, inflammation, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway; (viii) SGKL increased the LPS‐decreased phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in microglia and inhibited the LPS‐induced microglial activation; (ix) PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inactivation reversed the SGKL effects in CRS rats.

Conclusion

SGKL targets the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by altering gut microbiota and metabolites, which ameliorates altered behavior and inflammation in the hippocampus.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for locally advanced middle‐low rectal cancer: Results of a multicentre lateral node study in China
Authors: Tang Jianqiang , Zhou Sicheng , Zhao Wei , Lou Zheng , Liang Jianwei , Feng Bo , Yang Yingchi , Wang Xin , Liu Qian ,   the Chinese Lateral Node Collaborative Group
Published: June 2022

Aim

Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPND) is a technically challenging procedure, and the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic LPND remains undetermined. Here, we compared the short‐ and long‐term survival outcomes of laparoscopic LPND with those of open LPND.

Methods

From January 2012 to December 2019, locally advanced middle‐low rectal cancer patients with clinical evidence of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis (LPNM) who underwent total mesorectal excision with LPND at three institutions were included. Propensity score matching was used to minimize selection bias. The short‐term and oncological outcomes of open and laparoscopic LPND were compared.

Results

Overall, 384 patients were enrolled into the study including 277 and 107 patients who underwent laparoscopic and open LPND, respectively. After matching, patients were stratified into laparoscopic (n = 100) and open (n = 100) LPND groups. Patients in the laparoscopic LPND group had a shorter operation time (255 vs. 300 min, p = 0.001), less intraoperative blood loss (50 vs. 300 ml, p < 0.001), lower incidence of postoperative complications (32.0% vs. 15.0%, p = 0.005), shorter postoperative hospital stay (8 vs. 14 days, p < 0.001), and excision of more lateral pelvic lymph nodes (9 vs. 7, p = 0.025) than those in the open LPND group. The 3‐year overall survival (p = 0.581) and 3‐year disease‐free survival (p = 0.745) rates were similar between the groups, and LPNM was an independent predictor of survival.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic LPND is technically safe and feasible with favourable short‐term results and similar oncological outcomes as open surgery in selected patients.
Mesh, flap or combined repair of perineal hernia after abdominoperineal resection – A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sharabiany Sarah , Brouwer Thomas P. A. , Kreisel Saskia I. , Musters Gijsbert D. , Blok Robin D. , Hompes Roel , Tanis Pieter J.
Published: June 2022

Aim

The aim of this systematic review was to analyse recurrence rates after different surgical techniques for perineal hernia repair.

Method

All original studies (n ≥ 2 patients) reporting recurrence rates after perineal hernia repair after abdominoperineal resection (APR) were included. The electronic database PubMed was last searched in December 2021. The primary outcome was recurrent perineal hernia. A weighted average of the logit proportions was determined by the use of the generic inverse variance method and random effects model.

Results

A total of 19 studies involving 172 patients were included. The mean age of patients was 64 ± 5.6 years and the indication for APR was predominantly cancer (99%, 170/172). The pooled percentage of recurrent perineal hernia was 39% (95% CI: 27%–52%) after biological mesh closure, 29% (95% CI: 21%–39%) after synthetic mesh closure, 37% (95% CI: 14%–67%) after tissue flap reconstruction only and 9% (95% CI: 1%–45%) after tissue flap reconstruction combined with mesh.

Conclusion

Recurrence rates after mesh repair of perineal hernia are high, without a clear difference between biological and synthetic meshes. The addition of a tissue flap to mesh repair seemed to have a favourable outcome, which warrants further investigation.
Do different actors submit different evidence to alcohol advertising policy consultations?
Authors: Stafford Julia , Pettigrew Simone , Chikritzhs Tanya
Published: June 2022

Introduction

This study examined the extent to which industry and non‐industry actors draw from the same (vs. different) bodies of peer‐reviewed evidence in submissions to alcohol advertising policy consultations.

Methods

Submissions (n = 71) to two Australian public consultations about alcohol advertising policy were classified as submitted by industry or non‐industry actors. Details of cited journal articles were extracted. Articles were coded according to whether: (i) cited in industry and/or non‐industry actor submission/s; (ii) findings were supported or contested by the submitter; and (iii) the article was a systematic review. The most frequently cited first authors were identified.

Results

In total, 126 articles were cited in 45 industry actor submissions and 159 articles were cited in 26 non‐industry actor submissions. Only seven articles were cited by both groups. Authors cited most frequently by one actor group were rarely cited by the other group. The first author most cited by industry actors declared alcohol industry links in two articles. Industry actors cited three systematic reviews (and contested the findings); non‐industry actors cited (and supported) seven systematic reviews.

Discussion and Conclusion

There was a low degree of overlap in peer‐reviewed evidence cited by industry and non‐industry actors in submissions to Australian alcohol advertising policy consultations. Industry actors often omitted or contested high‐quality evidence. Industry actors placed greater emphasis on evidence published by one industry‐linked researcher than on evidence from systematic reviews and researchers with no apparent conflicts of interest. The findings raise questions about the suitability of industry actors to participate in evidence‐informed policymaking processes.
Inflation and globalisation: The Tawney Lecture 2022
Authors: James Harold
Published: June 2022

The paper examines the causal relationships and interdependence between inflation and globalisation over centuries: in the sixteenth century, in the age of Spanish silver; then in the first age of modern globalisation from in the middle of the nineteenth century; and finally in the new globalisation that took off in the 1970s. In the latter cases, inflation was a response to a negative supply shock, and eventually generated policy decisions on economic opening. Both recent globalisations may be explained as technologically driven, and some of the most important productivity gains involved the cost of transport, but the fundamental innovations substantially pre‐dated the moment at which they were economically transformative. Scarcity dramatically changes relative prices, but not the overall price level. Initially inflation became a policy solution, an attractive way of meeting the challenges of scarcity, but then its increasing costs became apparent, and more, rather than less, global integration looked like a way of reducing costs and minimising social pressure. Policy choices were involved in generating the globalised world: not only the removal of impediments to commerce, but also a consensus around a stable and internationally applicable monetary framework, whether the gold standard in the late nineteenth century or a modern inflation targeting regime in the late twentieth century.
Aggressive behaviour in antipsychotic‐naive first‐episode schizophrenia patients, their unaffected siblings and healthy controls
Authors: Fekih‐Romdhane Feten , Maktouf Hela , Cheour Majda
Published: June 2022

Aim

While patients with schizophrenia are more likely to be victims rather than perpetrators of aggressive behaviour, prior research has shown increased rates of aggressive behaviours in these patients that appear very early in the course of illness. We aimed to assess aggression in antipsychotic‐naive first‐episode schizophrenia patients, their healthy siblings, and controls; and to investigate correlates of aggression in the patients group.

Methods

Patients (N = 55), siblings (N = 55) and healthy controls (N = 71) were evaluated on Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), Life History of Aggression (LHA), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and Levenson Self‐Report Psychopathy Scale. Age, gender and substance use were regarded as covariates, and differences between the three groups were evaluated using analysis of covariance. Hierarchical regression was performed to determine which variables were associated with aggression level in the patients group.

Results

The Tukey multiple comparison test showed that both patients (p < .001) and siblings (p = .023) scored higher on the LHA Aggression than controls. Siblings scored higher than controls (p = .010) for the Anger subscale of the AQ. Patients scored significantly higher than controls in the three impulsiveness dimensions; whereas siblings scored higher than controls in the motor (p = .023) and non‐planning (p = .004) dimensions. Multivariate analyses showed that, after controlling for confounders, only attentional impulsiveness (β = .446, p = .0244) and psychopathy traits (β = .359, p = .010) helped predict AQ total scores among patients.

Conclusion

Aggression and some of its risk factors including impulsiveness are likely to be trait variables that might provide important vulnerability markers for people at heightened risk of developing psychosis.
Predictors of children's emotion regulation outcomes during COVID‐19: Role of conflict within the family
Authors: Horton Abagail L. , Russell Beth S. , Tambling Rachel R. , Britner Preston A. , Hutchison Morica , Tomkunas Alexandria J.
Published: June 2022

Objective

This work aimed to analyze the role of family conflict on children's emotion regulation and stress outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic brought novel stress to families. The stress experienced could impact family relationships—specifically, perceptions of closeness and patterns of conflict. Positive family environment and high‐quality family relationships are associated with adaptive coping and lower levels of stress among children.

Method

Data were collected online from 110 participants at baseline and again 30 days later. Associations between parent–child relationship, sibling relationships, and child stress and emotion regulation outcomes 30 days later were tested through multiple stepwise regression.

Results

Both significant regression models suggest that parent–child conflict is the strongest predictor of child stress and negativity over the 30‐day assessment period. Sibling conflict predicted child stress but not negativity.

Conclusion

Family conflict during the COVID‐19 pandemic influenced children's emotion regulation outcomes as seen through significant associations between child–parent conflict, sibling conflict, perceived child stress, and children's negativity.

Implications

Family scientists and practitioners should consider interventions that help parents teach their children how to cope with their own stresses and emotions after conflict.
Taking stock: Is recovery of a depleted population possible in a changing climate?
Authors: Langan Joseph A. , Bell Richard J. , Collie Jeremy S.
Published: June 2022

As the impacts of climate change become more severe throughout the global oceans, fisheries managers will be increasingly challenged to rebuild stocks exhibiting declining productivity. In such cases, detailed knowledge of species life history will be necessary to both restrict harvest and manage other environmental conditions, where possible, that impact survivorship. A current example of these challenges, the Southern New England/Mid‐Atlantic Bight winter flounder stock remains in a persistently depleted state due to a combination of past harvest and the effects of climate change mediated through increased predation. To explore the recovery capacity of a subpopulation of this stock, a life‐cycle model was fit to 29 year classes of stage‐specific winter flounder data from surveys conducted in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island and used to project future subpopulation abundance. Supporting a prevailing hypothesis, the results indicated that environmental factors influencing juvenile mortality were largely responsible for inhibiting recovery. Furthermore, recovery of the subpopulation to past levels of abundance was determined to be unlikely even under optimistic future conditions resulting from aggressive management interventions. Taken together, the findings of this work pose important questions regarding the realism of assessing climate‐challenged populations against biological reference points set under past environmental regimes and the degree to which harvest restrictions to promote recovery of such stocks should be allowed to limit warm‐water fisheries thriving in a warming ocean.
Distinguishing cellular from abiotic spheroidal microstructures in the ca. 3.4 Ga Strelley Pool Formation
Authors: Coutant Maxime , Lepot Kevin , Fadel Alexandre , Addad Ahmed , Richard Elodie , Troadec David , Ventalon Sandra , Sugitani Kenichiro , Javaux Emmanuelle J.
Published: June 2022

The morphogenesis of most carbonaceous microstructures that resemble microfossils in Archean (4–2.5 Ga old) rocks remains debated. The associated carbonaceous matter may even—in some cases—derive from abiotic organic molecules. Mineral growths associated with organic matter migration may mimic microbial cells, some anatomical features, and known microfossils—in particular those with simple spheroid shapes. Here, spheroid microstructures from a chert of the ca. 3.4 Ga Strelley Pool Formation (SPF) of the Pilbara Craton (Western Australia) were imaged and analyzed with a combination of high‐resolution in situ techniques. This provides new insights into carbonaceous matter distributions and their relationships with the crystallographic textures of associated quartz. Thus, we describe five new types of spheroids and discuss their morphogenesis. In at least three types of microstructures, wall coalescence argues for migration of carbonaceous matter onto abiotic siliceous spherulites or diffusion in poorly crystalline silica. The nanoparticulate walls of these coalescent structures often cut across multiple quartz crystals, consistent with migration in/on silica prior to quartz recrystallization. Sub‐continuous walls lying at quartz boundaries occur in some coalescent vesicles. This weakens the “continuous carbonaceous wall” criterion proposed to support cellular inferences. In contrast, some clustered spheroids display wrinkled sub‐continuous double walls, and a large sphere shows a thick sub‐continuous wall with pustules and depressions. These features appear consistent withpost‐mortemcell alteration, although abiotic morphogenesis remains difficult to rule out. We compared these siliceous and carbonaceous microstructures to coalescent pyritic spheroids from the same sample, which likely formed as “colloidal” structures in hydrothermal context. The pyrites display a smaller size and only limited carbonaceous coatings, arguing that they could not have acted as precursors to siliceous spheroids. This study revealed new textural features arguing for abiotic morphogenesis of some Archean spheroids. The absence of these features in distinct types of spheroids leaves open the microfossil hypothesis in the same rock. Distinction of such characteristics could help addressing further the origin of other candidate microfossils. This study calls for similar investigations of metamorphosed microfossiliferous rocks and of the products of in vitro growth of cell‐mimicking structures in presence of organics and silica.
Locked down? Speaking from the shadows and silence for survival
Authors: Hussein Rima Patricia
Published: June 2022

I write to speak of silencing and the suffering of survivors of domestic abuse in the family courts of England and Wales and the struggle to find a voice to articulate the hardship faced in this lockdown through court. It has taken the whole period of lockdown to find the words, the courage to keep writing, even as tears stream down my face, even as I sit in a virtual court hearing, even as my voice breaks as I fight to be heard. This text is a glimpse into a world that is hidden in plain view, where I will share fragments of my lived experience. I am scared to write but know I speak or am lost in the silent void that I have known for too long. Domestic abuse and the taboo around it screams at me to remain unseen, hidden, and invisible. I keep returning to find the words, as the very real cost of not naming the violence and reaching out to speak through it is too high. The fragmented account that follows is a raw telling of living life through the court system; it is written to share a voice that was unheard in the family law court and has been minimized, side‐lined, ordered, and silenced through 3 years of the court journey and the embodied effects this has had. It moves between space and time to show a journey endured. Can you hear me? Will you bear witness?
When transparency pays off: Enticing sceptical consumers with two‐sided advertising
Authors: Hernandez José Mauro da Costa , da Costa Filho Murilo Carrazedo Marques , Strano Maria Paula Veronezi
Published: June 2022

It has been generally assumed that higher levels of scepticism towards advertising invariably lead to higher resistance to advertising appeals. The main purpose of the present research was to examine whether highly sceptical consumers' resistance can be overcome by appeals associated with higher credibility. We tested our hypotheses using message sidedness as an advertising variable that has been associated with higher (two‐sided) versus lower (one‐sided) credibility. In three experimental studies, we examined more versus less sceptical consumers' responses to two‐ versus one‐sided appeals. We found that two‐sided messages are more effective in increasing purchase intentions, through enhanced credibility, but only for consumers who are more sceptical of advertising. Less sceptical consumers trust both messages equally and their purchase intentions are not affected by the type of message. Importantly, we also showed that highly sceptical consumers trust two‐sided appeals as much as their less sceptical counterparts. The study contributes to the literature on advertising and persuasion knowledge by showing that advertising scepticism does not elicit a single response tendency, as originally conceptualized. Rather, advertising scepticism is more consistent with the underpinnings of the Persuasion Knowledge Model, in that higher knowledge about persuasion tactics aids consumers to better cope with, and not invariably resist persuasion attempts. We conclude that transparency pays off because it may entice a more sceptical audience and, at the same time, it does not harm less sceptical consumers' trust and purchase intentions.
Quercetin‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles as an alternative for controlling bacterial adhesion to urethral catheter
Authors: Messias de Souza Gabrielle , Gervasoni Leticia Franco , Rosa Rafael da Silva , de Souza Iacia Maria Vitória Minzoni , Nai Gisele Alborghetti , Pereira Valéria Cataneli , Winkelströter Lizziane Kretli
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial and antiadhesion behavior of quercetin‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus multidrug‐resistant isolates.

Methods

The ionic gelation method was used to prepare chitosan nanoparticles loaded with quercetin. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects were observed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), plate count, crystal violet assay, and the matrix exopolysaccharide dosages. The nanoparticles coated in silicone urethral catheters were evaluated by crystal violet assay and plating count method.

Results

MIC ranged from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/ml. A reduction of at least 3.6 log CFU/ml and 6.2 log CFU/ml for, respectively, E. coli and S. aureus isolates was observed (p < 0.05). Under subinhibitory concentration (3.1 mg/ml) it was found a reduction of microbial adhesion and exopolysaccharide dosages in respectively 83.3% and 75% of the bacterial samples. The coated silicone urethral catheters showed a reduction of adhered cells in 25% of the isolates and biomass decreasing in 91.6% of them (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The quercetin nanoparticles provided antimicrobial and antiadhesion effects in multidrug‐resistant isolates.
Refugee protection in the region: A survey and evaluation of current trends
Authors: Vezzoli Simona , Hilhorst Dorothea , Meyer Lhamo , Rijpma Jorrit
Published: June 2022

Protection in the region has rapidly become a favoured durable solution to refugee situations and the hallmark of all current policies. These initiatives reflect changes in humanitarian approaches that have taken place over the past decades as the focus has shifted towards the resilience of crisis‐affected communities and the need to enable their self‐reliance. Despite the strong logic that this change will bring about more dignified solutions, the approach is easily instrumentalized. This instrumentalization is particularly evident where resilience humanitarianism meets security‐migration politics. This paper focuses on the efforts of the European Union and a number of its member states to advance so‐called protection in the region. The paper reviews the characteristics of these policies, highlights a number of risks and defines some known and lesser known implications of this approach.
Photosynthetic activity and water use efficiency of Salvia verbenaca L. under elevated CO2 and water‐deficit conditions
Authors: Javaid Muhammad Mansoor , Florentine Singarayer K. , Ashraf Muhammad , Mahmood Athar , Sattar Abdul , Wasaya Allah , Li Feng‐Min
Published: June 2022

Investigating the combined effects of elevated CO2 concentration and water‐deficit on weed plants is crucial to gaining a thorough understanding of plant performance and modifying agricultural processes under changing climate conditions. This study examined the effect of elevated CO2 concentration and water‐deficit conditions on leaf gas exchange, water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency and the photosystem II (PSII) activity of two Salvia verbenaca L., varieties. These varieties were grown under two CO2 concentrations (ambient conditions of 400 ppm and elevated conditions of 700 ppm) and two water regimes (well‐watered [100% field capacity] and water‐deficit conditions [60% field capacity]) in laboratory growth chambers. For 12 days, at 2‐day intervals, (i) leaf gas exchange parameters (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate (E) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci)), (ii) water use efficiency (WUE), (iii) intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE), (iv) instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and (v) PSII activity (fluorescence, quantum yield of PSII, photochemical efficiency of PSII, photochemical quenching and photosynthetic electron transport) were measured. Water‐deficit conditions had negative effects on studied parameters of both varieties, whereas elevated CO2 concentration had positive effects on the gas exchange, water use efficiency and PSII activity of both. Salvia verbenaca varieties grown under water‐deficit conditions from Day 0 to Day 5 showed a partial recovery in most of the parameters when the resumption of the well‐watered regime was reinstituted on Day 6. Salvia verbenaca varieties grown under water‐deficit conditions were re‐watered on day 6 and indicated a partial recovery in all the parameters. A comparison of the two varieties showed that var. vernalis recorded higher values of gas exchange, quantum yield of PSII and photochemical efficiency of PSII than var. verbenaca, but the water use efficiency of var. verbenaca was higher than that of var. vernalis. These differences serve to illustrate the complexity of such studies and suggest that a detailed understanding of the nature of weed infestations is essential if optimum management control is to be practiced. Elevated CO2 concentration mitigated the adverse effects of water‐deficit conditions and thereby enhanced the adaptive mechanism of this weed by improving its water use efficiency. It is thus likely that S. verbenaca has the potential to take advantage of climate change by increasing its relative competitiveness with other plants in drought‐prone areas, suggesting that it could significantly expand its invasive range under such conditions.
Micro/nanostructured Bi2Mn4O10 with hierarchical spindle morphology as a highly efficient anode material for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Cheng Cuixia , Cheng Yinfang , Lai Guosong
Published: June 2022

Mullite‐type compound Bi2Mn4O10 has shown the feasibility as anodes of next lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein micro/nano‐Bi2Mn4O10 with hierarchical spindle‐like architectures has been successfully synthesized using a one‐step hydrothermal method without any no surfactant or template. A time‐dependent experiment is carried out to observe the morphology evolution, suggesting a nucleation–aggregation/growth–dissolution–recrystallization process. As anode of LIBs, the as‐prepared spindle‐shaped micro/nano Bi2Mn4O10 harvests a significantly high initial discharge capacity of 1022 mA h g−1 at 1 C, an excellent cyclability performance (563.8 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles), a better high‐rate capability (100 mA h g−1 at 10 C), quick diffusion kinetics (1.8 × 10−12 cm2 s−1), and low active energy (19.5 kJ mol−1), which are significantly superior to that of its bulk counterparts and the previous reports. The encouraging lithium storage performance largely stems from the synergistic effect of the unique spindle‐shaped micro/nanostructure.
Study on properties of Ca0.9La0.067TiO3‐0.01Al2O3 ceramics reinforced PSAE/fiber composite substrate with high εr
Authors: Peng Haiyi , Zhao Chuanqing , Ren Haishen , Xie Tianyi , Gu Zhongyuan , Deng Shifeng , Yao Xiaogang , Lin Huixing
Published: June 2022

A “self‐permeation” method was used to fabricate a Ca0.9La0.067TiO3‐0.01Al2O3 (CLT)‐reinforced polysilylaryl‐enyne/fiber multilayer board with different volume fractions of CLT (0–40 vol%). The microstructure, dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties were fully studied. The results showed that the composite with optimal dielectric properties (εr∼8.75, tanδ∼0.0043) could be obtained when the volume fraction of CLT reached 30 vol%. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity reached a high level of 0.644 W/(m·K) and 0.762 W/(m·K) at Z and X/Y directions, respectively. Due to the high decomposition temperature of PSAE, Td5 (the temperature corresponding to 5% weight loss) of composite loading with 30 vol% CLT was higher than 900℃, which indicates an excellent thermal resistance. And the bending strength could reach 115.3 MPa indicating excellent mechanical property. The novel polysilylaryl‐enyne/fiber/Ca0.9La0.067TiO3‐0.01Al2O3 multilayer board with excellent performance is expected to be a candidate material for print circuit boards and widely used in the microwave communication field.
Bird migration in space and time: chain migration by Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata arquata along the East Atlantic Flyway
Authors: Pederson Rebecca , Bocher Pierrick , Garthe Stefan , Fort Jérôme , Mercker Moritz , Auernhammer Verena , Boschert Martin , Delaporte Philippe , Elts Jaanus , Fiedler Wolfgang , Korniluk Michał , Krupiński Dominik , Marja Riho , Rousseau Pierre , Thiess Lukas , Schwemmer Philipp
Published: June 2022

Migration patterns in birds vary in space and time. Spatial patterns include chain, leapfrog and telescopic migration. Temporal patterns such as migration duration, number, and duration of stopovers may vary according to breeding latitude, sex, and season. This study aimed to verify these patterns in a long‐distance migrant, the Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata arquata, and to provide a synopsis of spatio‐temporal migration patterns in this species of concern throughout the East Atlantic Flyway. We tagged 85 adults with GPS‐data loggers in Germany, Poland, France and Estonia between 2013 and 2019. We computed the distance flown, linear loxodromic distance, duration, stopover number, total stopover duration, mean stopover duration, departure time and arrival time for 177 out of 187 tracks. On average (± standard deviation), spring migration occurred from 4 to 14 April (10.2 ± 8.4 days), curlews flew 3.623 ± 1.366 km, and had 5.8 ± 3.6 stopovers, with a duration of 29.4 ± 38.2 h per stopover, while autumn migration occurred from 18 to 29 June (10.9 ± 9.9 days), curlews flew 3.362 ± 1.351 km, and had 5.4 ± 4.0 stopovers, with 31.8 ± 32.3 h per stopover. Curlews displayed chain migration because wintering curlews maintained the latitudinal sequence to their breeding sites. Southern curlews had a longer nesting period due to their earlier arrivals. While spring arrival at breeding sites did not differ between the sexes, in autumn females departed earlier than males. Migration duration and distance, as well as stopover number and duration, showed a significant increase with breeding site latitude but did not differ between the sexes or between spring and autumn migrations, suggesting that curlews took a comparable amount of time migrating during both seasons. The high site faithfulness in curlews suggests that rapid autumn migration allows them to return to defend their winter foraging areas.
GCN5 contributes to intracellular lipid accumulation in human primary cardiac stromal cells from patients affected by Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Volani Chiara , Pagliaro Alessandra , Rainer Johannes , Paglia Giuseppe , Porro Benedetta , Stadiotti Ilaria , Foco Luisa , Cogliati Elisa , Paolin Adolfo , Lagrasta Costanza , Frati Caterina , Corradini Emilia , Falco Angela , Matzinger Theresa , Picard Anne , Ermon Benedetta , Piazza Silvano , De Bortoli Marzia , Tondo Claudio , Philippe Réginald , Medici Andrea , Lavdas Alexandros A. , Blumer Michael J.F. , Pompilio Giulio , Sommariva Elena , Pramstaller Peter P. , Troppmair Jakob , Meraviglia Viviana , Rossini Alessandra
Published: June 2022

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic disease associated with sudden cardiac death and cardiac fibro‐fatty replacement. Over the last years, several works have demonstrated that different epigenetic enzymes can affect not only gene expression changes in cardiac diseases but also cellular metabolism. Specifically, the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 is known to facilitate adipogenesis and modulate cardiac metabolism in heart failure. Our group previously demonstrated that human primary cardiac stromal cells (CStCs) contribute to adipogenesis in the ACM pathology. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the role of GCN5 in ACM intracellular lipid accumulation. To do so, CStCs were obtained from right ventricle biopsies of ACM patients and from samples of healthy cadaveric donors (CTR). GCN5 expression was increased both in ex vivo and in vitro ACM samples compared to CTR. When GCN5 expression was silenced or pharmacologically inhibited by the administration of MB‐3, we observed a reduction in lipid accumulation and a mitigation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in ACM CStCs. In agreement, transcriptome analysis revealed that the presence of MB‐3 modified the expression of pathways related to cellular redox balance. Altogether, our findings suggest that GCN5 inhibition reduces fat accumulation in ACM CStCs, partially by modulating intracellular redox balance pathways.
Assessment of periodontitis grade in epidemiological studies using interdental attachment loss instead of radiographic bone loss
Authors: Winkler Patrizia , Dannewitz Bettina , Nickles Katrin , Petsos Hari , Eickholz Peter
Published: June 2022

Aim

Comparison of grading according to radiographic bone loss (BL) or according to interdental clinical attachment loss (CAL).

Materials and Methods

In 100 periodontitis patients at the Department of Periodontology of Goethe‐University Frankfurt, Germany, periodontitis grade was assigned by (i) indirect evidence using BL at the most affected tooth divided by root length and (ii) CAL at the most affected tooth divided by root length of the respective tooth type according to root length in German and Swedish cohorts. The resulting quotients were divided by age.

Results

Patients (age: 53.5 ± 10.4 years; 57 females; 16 smokers; no diabetes; stage: 78 III, 22 IV) were by either method assigned to grade B or C (BL: 35 B, 65 C; CAL [German]: 23 B, 77 C; [Swedish]: 29 B, 71 C). Using root length (German cohort), agreement was 76% (kappa: 0.427; fair to good/moderate agreement) and 72% (Swedish cohort; kappa: 0.359; poor/fair agreement). Molars were most frequently chosen (BL: 64%; CAL: 71%).

Conclusions

Assignment of periodontitis grade by indirect evidence using BL or CAL using standard root length of the German cohort showed fair to good/moderate agreement. Thus, grade assignment by CAL may be used in epidemiologic studies where radiographs are not available.
Both metaxin and Tom20 together with two mitochondria‐specific motifs support mitochondrial targeting of dual‐targeting AtSufE1
Authors: Woo Seungjin , Moon Byeongho , Hwang Inhwan
Published: June 2022

Plant cells have two endosymbiotic organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. These organelles perform specific functions that depend on organelle‐specific proteins. The majority of chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins are specifically imported by the transit peptide and presequence, respectively. However, a significant number of proteins are also dually targeted to these two organelles. Currently, it is not fully understood how proteins are dually targeted to both chloroplasts and mitochondria. In this study, the mechanism underlying mitochondrial targeting of dual targeting AtSufE1 in Arabidopsis was elucidated. The N‐terminal fragment containing 80 residues of AtSufE1 (AtSufE1N80) was sufficient to confer dual targeting of reporter protein, AtSufE1N80:GFP, in protoplasts. Two sequence motifs, two arginine residues at 15thand 21stpositions, and amino acid (aa) sequence motif AKTLLLRPLK from the 31stto 40thaa position, were responsible for targeting to mitochondria a portion of reporter proteins amid the chloroplast targeting. The sequence motif PSEVPFRRT from the 41stto 50thaa position constitutes a common motif for targeting to both chloroplasts and mitochondria. For mitochondrial import of AtSufE1:N80, Metaxin played a critical role. In addition, BiFC and protein pull‐down experiments showed that AtSufE1N80 specifically interacts with import receptors, Metaxin and Tom20. The interaction of AtSufE1N80 with Metaxin was required for the interaction with Tom20. Based on these results, we propose that mitochondrial targeting of dual‐targeting AtSufE1 is mediated by both mitochondria‐specific and common sequence motifs in the signal sequence through the interaction with import receptors, Metaxin and Tom20, in a successive manner.
DJ‐1 is not a deglycase and makes a modest contribution to cellular defense against methylglyoxal damage in neurons
Authors: Mazza Melissa Conti , Shuck Sarah C. , Lin Jiusheng , Moxley Michael A. , Termini John , Cookson Mark R. , Wilson Mark A.
Published: June 2022

Human DJ‐1 is a cytoprotective protein whose absence causes Parkinson's disease and is also associated with other diseases. DJ‐1 has an established role as a redox‐regulated protein that defends against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Multiple studies have suggested that DJ‐1 is also a protein/nucleic acid deglycase that plays a key role in the repair of glycation damage caused by methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive α‐keto aldehyde formed by central metabolism. Contradictory reports suggest that DJ‐1 is a glyoxalase but not a deglycase and does not play a major role in glycation defense. Resolving this issue is important for understanding how DJ‐1 protects cells against insults that can cause disease. We find that DJ‐1 reduces levels of reversible adducts of MG with guanine and cysteine in vitro. The steady‐state kinetics of DJ‐1 acting on reversible hemithioacetal substrates are fitted adequately with a computational kinetic model that requires only a DJ‐1 glyoxalase activity, supporting the conclusion that deglycation is an apparent rather than a true activity of DJ‐1. Sensitive and quantitative isotope‐dilution mass spectrometry shows that DJ‐1 modestly reduces the levels of some irreversible guanine and lysine glycation products in primary and cultured neuronal cell lines and whole mouse brain, consistent with a small but measurable effect on total neuronal glycation burden. However, DJ‐1 does not improve cultured cell viability in exogenous MG. In total, our results suggest that DJ‐1 is not a deglycase and has only a minor role in protecting neurons against methylglyoxal toxicity.

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Effects of a grapeseed oil (Vitis vinifera L.) loaded dermocosmetic nanoemulgel on biophysical parameters of facial skin: A split‐face, blinded, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Shawahna Ramzi
Published: June 2022

Background

Worldwide, grapes (Vitis vinifera L.; family: Vitaceae) are one of the most important fruits. Grapeseed oil is rich in bioactive constituents that could be beneficial to the health and aesthetic features of human skin.

Objective

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a novel grapeseed oil‐loaded dermocosmetic nanoemulgel on biophysical parameters of facial skin.

Methods

This was a split‐face, blinded, placebo‐controlled study. A novel grapeseed oil‐loaded dermocosmetic nanoemulgel was developed, and its effects on the biophysical parameters of the facial skin were evaluated and compared to those of a placebo formulation on the cheeks of 15 healthy volunteers. Melanin, erythema, sebum production, fine and large facial pores, moisture, and elasticity levels were measured using Mexameter®, Corneometer®, Sebumeter®, Cutometer®, and VisioFace®. Measurements were made on weekly basis for 12 weeks.

Results

Compared to the placebo, the novel grapeseed oil‐loaded dermocosmetic nanoemulgel received significantly higher sensory scores with regard to appearance, color, odor, consistency, adhesion, sensation, cohesiveness, and spreadability (p‐value < 0.05). Additionally, the novel nanoemulgel continuously and significantly reduced skin melanin, erythema, sebum production, and fine and large pores (p‐value < 0.05). On the contrary, the novel nanoemulgel continuously and significantly increased skin moisture contents and elasticity (p‐value < 0.05).

Conclusion

The novel grapeseed oil‐loaded dermocosmetic nanoemulgel had attractive cosmetic attributes that could be useful for improving imperfections of the human skin. Future studies are still needed to test and evaluate the benefits of this novel grapeseed oil‐loaded dermocosmetic nanoemulgel in disease conditions.
Exploratory study of fathers providing Kangaroo Care in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dong Qiuxia , Steen Mary , Wepa Dianne , Eden Amye
Published: June 2022

Aim and Objectives

To explore fathers' views and experiences of providing Kangaroo Care (KC) to their baby cared for in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

Background

Kangaroo Care has been known to improve the health outcome for preterm, low birth weight and medically vulnerable term infants and achieve the optimal perinatal health wellbeing for parents and infants. Historically, mothers are considered as the dominant KC providers, whereas fathers are spectators and have been overlooked. Little is known about the fathers' perspectives in providing KC in NICUs.

Methods

Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 fathers who delivered KC to their baby when in the NICU. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's six‐phase thematical framework. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was followed to report this qualitative study.

Findings

Fathers in this study identified they were passing a silent language of love and connecting with their baby by the act of KC in a challenging environment. Three themes emerged: ‘Positive psychological connection’, ‘Embracing father‐infant Kangaroo Care’ and ‘Challenges to father‐infant Kangaroo Care’.

Conclusion

The findings of this study show KC enhances the bonding and attachment between fathers and infants. The conceptualisation of the paternal role in caregiving to a newborn is evolving as a contemporary practice. Further research is warranted to confirm or refute the study findings. Policies and facilities should be modified to include father–infant KC within the fields of neonatal care.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

It is important for nurses and other health professionals to support and enable fathers to give KC. Father–infant KC is recommended in neonatal care settings
Professional Identity Threats in Interprofessional Collaborations: A Case of Architects in Professional Service Firms
Authors: Ahuja Sumati
Published: June 2022

Increased use of multidisciplinary teams to carry out tasks that were previously seen as the domain of one profession has brought the manner in which professions collaborate to the fore of management interests. Drawing on 49 in‐depth interviews with senior architects in four multidisciplinary professional service firms (PSFs), this article contributes to better understandings of identity threats in interprofessional collaborations. My findings bring to the fore two threats to architects' identity relating to fragmentation of work and competing professional values. I show how architects manage these threats through the simultaneous use of two responses: highlighting identity distinctions and modifying identity and practices. However, despite these strategies to defend against identity threats, respondents presented themselves as under‐recognized and often under‐compensated. These findings suggest that the strength of professional identity may not merely mediate threats to professionals' identity but also be constraining by locking professionals in a kind of futile resistance and disrupting identity transformation. Further, responses to professional identity threats may result in a persistent identity struggle that renders professionals vulnerable to deep insecurities regarding their worth in interprofessional collaborations. The article contributes to recent debates on the unintended consequences of interprofessional collaborations thus highlighting the challenges of finding better ways to work together.
“You gotta give them hope”: A structural psychobiography of Harvey Milk (1930–1978)
Authors: Weststrate Nic M. , McLean Kate C.
Published: June 2022

Objective

In this psychobiographical study, we examined the life and times of social change agent Harvey Milk, one of the first openly gay public officials in the United States. Milk is remembered as a gay hero who fought for the rights of marginalized people, often by invoking the importance of hope. Milk was assassinated less than 1 year after his election.

Method

We adopt a structural psychobiographical approach, foregrounding social, cultural, political, and historical forces that intersect with personal factors to explain Milk's ascension to the status of social change agent.

Results

This psychobiography tells the story of a man not destined to become a social change agent but who became one anyway because of shifting tides in the political climate of San Francisco in the 1970s, because of a series of catalytic events that started him down this path, because of a history of persecution as a gay Jew, and because of his enduring need for a stage upon which he could express his generative concern.

Conclusions

Our analysis raises questions about the story that “belongs” to the agent of social change, and the story that “belongs” to the rest of us, as we remember him.
Decolonizing school psychology research: A systematic literature review
Authors: Grant Stephanie , Leverett Patrice , D'Costa Stephanie , Amie Kandyce Anderson , Campbell Stephanie McCullough , Wing Sydney
Published: June 2022

School Psychologists are called to increase the well‐being of clients they serve. However, despite a focus on supporting academic and behavioral success, school psychology has been used to enforce Eurocentric standards of normalcy and behavior on students in schools, punishing and excluding those deemed different. “Othering” is rooted in a legacy of educational indoctrination and assimilation negatively impacting students from minoritized backgrounds and represents a “colonial present”. To evaluate the epistemic violence endemic to school psychology, we conducted a systematic literature review of the most recently published literature across five school psychology journals (n = 627) utilizing a decolonial framework. Articles were coded for demographic inclusion, empirical approach, disciplinary context, minoritized inclusion level, and acknowledgment of author situatedness and roles in maintaining colonialist structures. While, 81% of studies included some degree of minoritized inclusion, less than 5% of these articles utilized culturally responsive approaches or acknowledged colonialism or white supremacy. Recommendations for a movement toward a more decolonial approach to school psychology research are discussed.