bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A unified model of public law: Charter values and reasonableness review in Canada
Authors: Stacey Richard
Published: November 2020

The Supreme Court of Canada concluded in its 2012 judgment in Doré that the rational connection test and the less restrictive means inquiry from the Oakes analysis are not useful when assessing the justifiability of administrative decisions limiting Charter rights. The Court instead articulated a ‘robust’ conception of proportionality that requires administrative decision makers to demonstrate only that any rights limitations that their decisions impose are proportionate ‘in the strict sense.’ This article argues that Charter values should be understood as part of a normative hierarchy of ‘justificatory resources’ to which administrative decision makers can refer in justifying rights-limiting decisions as proportionate in the strict sense. It argues further that the robust, reasons-first conception of reasonableness that the Court described in Vavilov affirms Doré’s logical architecture, marking a shift in Canadian jurisprudence toward a ‘culture of justification.’ In adopting the same approach to constitutional decisions affecting Charter rights and administrative decisions that do not engage the Charter, Doré and Vavilov construct a unified model of public law in which all public decisions must be shown to be justified by their congruence with a hierarchy of norms which has Charter values at its apex. In this unified model of public law, in which a robust conception of reasonableness is central, it is not clear what room, or need, is left for correctness review.
GENERALIZATION OF THE EXPERIENCE OF USING DISTANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF REMOTE LEARNING
Authors: Bakunova O. M.  , Bakunov A. M.  , Abraztsova V. M.
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the problems of organizing remote learning that have arisen due to the COVID-19 pandemic, provides the advantages and disadvantages of using various software tools and Learning Management Systems.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1: Possible Involvement with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Prognosis in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Amarante Marla Karine , Yoichi Sakaguchi Alberto , Amarante Marla Karine , Coral de Oliveira Carlos Eduardo , Hiroji Hiroki Carlos , Celso Trigo Fausto , Ehara Watanabe Maria Angelica
Published: November 2020

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant hematologic disorder and the most common cancer in
children. Polymorphisms of TGFB1 gene have been associated to TGFB1 altered expression, disease
susceptibility and prognosis. The present study evaluated polymorphisms of the TGFB1 promoter region
and plasma levels of TGFB1 in 104 ALL patients and 115 controls. Furthermore, it was investigated its
possible involvement in different clinical stages of ALL. Both polymorphisms were not associated with
ALL susceptibility or risk of relapse and their different genotypes did not alter TGFB1 plasma levels.
However, it was verified decreased of TGFB1 concentration in ALL compared to control group (p<0.0001).
TGFB1 plasma levels were significantly lower in ALL patients at diagnosis comparing to treatment
(p=0.004) and remission (p<0.0001) groups. Notably, patients in remission presented similar TGFB1
plasma levels to controls. This work demonstrated the effects of a deregulated immune function in childhood
ALL concerning to TGFB1 regarding prognosis and suggests TGFB1 recovery induced by treatment.
Modulation of Oral Biofilm and Immune Response Associated to Mucosa with Probiotic Bacteria as a Potential Approach in the Prevention of Dental Caries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Coyago María de Lourdes Rodríguez , Ayala Lesly Damaris Osorio , Buestán Zambrano Juan Fernando , Yamunaqué Vire Jessica Micaela , Pinos Gavilanes María Paz , Coyago María de Lourdes Rodríguez
Published: November 2020

Background: A variety of approaches have been developed for the control of dental caries, a pathology
with high incidence and prevalence worldwide. The use of probiotic strains for the modulation of dental
biofilm in the prevention of caries has been studied, but the available evidence shows varied methodologies;
and the strains tested differ from one study to another.
Objective: To analyse through a systematic review of clinical trials, the efficacy of using probiotic strains
to prevent dental caries.
Methods: A search was made in the scientific bases PubMed, Cochrane and Science Direct, prioritizing
randomized double and triple-blind clinical trials from 2010 to 2020, including a total of 20 studies to be
analysed. The selection criteria were consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
protocol.
Results: Within the studies, different types of probiotic bacteria were analysed, dominating Lactobacillus
Paracasei. While most clinical trials show a favorable response in terms of a significant reduction of
Streptococcus mutans in the oral microbiota, very few studies evaluated salivary pH and sIgA levels.
Conclusion: The heterogeneity of the studies analysed and the multifactorial nature of dental caries do not
allow us to ensure that probiotic therapy is completely effective in preventing this pathology. Although
probiotic therapy can help by regulating the microbiological factor, there are other determinants that can
favor the development of caries and that are barely approached in their relationship with bacteriotherapy.
Future studies that homogeneously evaluate the use of probiotics could give us a clearer idea of their
effectiveness.
Neurocognitive Effects of Exogenously Administered Βeta-Hydroxybutyrate In Adults: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Glueck Amanda C , Han Dong Y , G. Sullivan Patrick , Pasagic Sandro , D. Watson William , Glueck Amanda C
Published: November 2020

βeta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body produced by the liver in a process known as ketosis, as an alternative fuel source during fasting or carbohydrate caloric restriction, and is readily used as fuel throughout the body, including in the brain. While glucose is the brain’s principal energy source, when limited, ketones derived from fats become the major energy substrate. Exogenous BHB is safe to administer orally and can enhance energy and physical performance. While the literature suggests cognitive and/or behavioural performance improvement in animal models following elevation in ketones, and in clinical human samples such as those with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, and severe traumatic brain injury, the literature investigating the neurocognitive effects of exogenous administration of ketones in nonclinical, healthy samples remains limited. For this proof of concept, we present twelve subjects who underwent exogenous administration of 11.7 g of BHB. After ingestion, participants performed significantly better in attentional accuracy compared to pre-intervention scores (p < 0.05; d = 0.65), demonstrating that exogenous administration of BHB may have positive effects on the attentional accuracy domain of neurocognition in neurotypical adults. Further analysis and its clinical implications are discussed.
The use of iPBS markers to study the genetic diversity of known stock grape varieties
Authors: Savenkova D. S. , Mindiarova V. O. , Filippova Yu. O. , Volkova S. A. , Мilovanov A. V. , Troshin L. P.
Published: November 2020

The expansion of viticulture in the world is accompanied by the spread of diseases and plant pests. Phylloxera is one of those organisms causing enormous damage to the world’s viticulture. The discovery of the possibility of grafting varieties on stock has led to the development of the breeding of stock originating from North America. Currently, the active use of different types of molecular markers for the identification and study of the genetic diversity of grapes allows to more accurately and efficiently study the biological peculiarities and genetics of plants. Obtaining good reproducibility of the analysis results and revealing the polymorphism between varieties and clones when using different types of markers, you can further use this knowledge for breeding in the selection of crossed pairs. The aim of the study in the present article was to study the common stock grape varieties - hybrids of American species. The article presents a study of the five most famous stock grape varieties: Kober 5BB and 420-A, Paulsen 1103, 101-14 and Richter 57 to identify genetic relationships and polymorphism between samples, based on the use of IRAP and iPBS primers. We used thirteen selected DNA markers that generated a total of 308 polymorphic DNA bands with 54.95 % polymorphism. The effectiveness of iPBS markers was comparable or even more effective than the markers based on retrotransposons. As a result of research, differences and commonality between stocks were clearly demonstrated by both cluster analysis and PCoA analysis.
Influence of the component composition of nutrient media upon the introduction into the culture in vitro of explants of Prikubanskoe and Kubanskoe Bagryanoe apple varieties
Authors: Lobodina E. V. , Suprun I. I. , Avakimyan A. O. , Al-Nakib E. A.
Published: November 2020

The work reflects the aspects of introducing two varieties of apple trees into the culture in vitro: Prikubanskoe and Kubanskoe Bagryanoe. The aims of study included testing a new disinfection protocol that accurately regulates the content of active chlorine in the disinfecting solution, as well as studying the regenerative ability of explants of apple trees of the Prikubanskoe and Kubanskoe Bagryanoe varieties on different culture medium: Murashige and Skoog (MS) ¼ NH4 NO3 , and Kvorin-Lepuavra (QL). The disinfection protocol used made it possible to obtain an insignificant level of explant contamination with fungal infection in passage zero, which indicates the effectiveness of the tested extraction protocol. The contamination of explants in passage zero by fungal infection was insignificant, which indicates the high efficiency of the sterilizing agent. The level of bacterial infection is higher in the Kubanskoe Bagryanoe variety (21.3 % of the total amount of explants). The influence of the component composition of nutrient media on the primary growth of apple micro-shoots was revealed. The following results were obtained: the yield of viable explants of the Prikubanskoe variety grown on nutrient medium MS ¼ NH4 NO3 was 44,4 %, which is 16,4 % higher than explants grown on QL medium (28 %). Explants of the Kuba nskoe bagryanoe variety, in turn, have a yield of vital microplants grown on MS ¼ NH4 NO3 16.7 %, which is 30.4 % lower than explants grown on QL medium (47.1 %). The combined effect of the genotype and the composition of the nutrient medium on the development of explants was statistically significant for the studied parameters. The share of the cumulative effect of factors of the variety x medium is 74.93 %, the influence of the genotype is 20.72 %. The data obtained indicate the variety specificity of the nutrient medium during clonal micropropagation of these apple varieties.
EXPEDITION TO MALI, 2020
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Vaniukova D. V. , Kutsenkov P. A. ,   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW)
Published: November 2020

The research expedition of the Institute of Oriental studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been working in Mali since 2015. Since 2017, it has been attended by employees of the State Museum of the East. The task of the expedition is to study the transformation of traditional Dogon culture in the context of globalization, as well as to collect ethnographic information (life, customs, features of the traditional social and political structure); to collect oral historical legends; to study the history, existence, and transformation of artistic tradition in the villages of the Dogon Country in modern conditions; collecting items of Ethnography and art to add to the collection of the African collection of the. Peter the Great Museum (Kunstkamera, Saint Petersburg) and the State Museum of Oriental Arts (Moscow). The plan of the expedition in January 2020 included additional items, namely, the study of the functioning of the antique market in Mali (the “path” of things from villages to cities, which is important for attributing works of traditional art). The geography of our research was significantly expanded to the regions of Sikasso and Koulikoro in Mali, as well as to the city of Bobo-Dioulasso and its surroundings in Burkina Faso, which is related to the study of migrations to the Bandiagara Highlands. In addition, the plan of the expedition included organization of a photo exhibition in the Museum of the village of Endé and some educational projects. Unfortunately, after the mass murder in March 2019 in the village of Ogossogou-Pel, where more than one hundred and seventy people were killed, events in the Dogon Country began to develop in the worst-case scenario: The incessant provocations after that revived the old feud between the Pel (Fulbe) pastoralists and the Dogon farmers. So far, this hostility and mutual distrust has not yet developed into a full-scale ethnic conflict, but, unfortunately, such a development now seems quite likely.
Socio-psychological features of the origin of conflict situations
between students
Authors: Berdieva Gulmira Ju.
Published: November 2020

The growing diversity and scope of conflicts and their prevalence reach all population groups, including young people and students in conflict situations. Studies of conflict peculiarities of university students are practically not carried out. These conflicts, if left undetected, can harm the health of young people, cause a sense of dissatisfaction with learning and affect the effectiveness of mastering professional skills. Starting university is a complex and challenging process. The causes of conflicts, their characteristics, methods and ways to manage them are also discussed in the work.
Theoretical model of children’s ecological and artistic education system in the context of ethno-cultural traditions
Authors: Kireeva Olesya A.
Published: November 2020

When studying the integration issues in education, there is a global trend of the last two decades aimed at strengthening the interdisciplinary connection between natural-science and socio-humanitarian components of education. Among the scientific community it is noted that the opposition of designated knowledge areas has a negative impact on the intradisciplinary development which leads to a slowdown in innovative processes at all stages of an individual’s education. Considering the possible ways to solve the problem, we turned to integrated ecological and artistic educational activities: the article gives the definition and reveals the content; it also traces the connection with the folk culture, specifically the traditions of nature management and artistic creativity. Searching for an effective solution aimed at achieving the goals of integrated educational activities, the author turns to the pedagogical modelling method the application result of which are: systematized and consistently stated theoretical foundations of children’s ecological and artistic education in the context of ethno-cultural traditions; justification of its targets, approaches and principles, content, forms, methods, means; possible conditions for ensuring educational activities, evaluation of its efficiency and the expected result. It is noted that the developed theoretical model has, in addition to integrity and consistency, its practical significance which shall have a further effect on its practicality.
On the question of organizing the first classical secondary schools of mariupol in Novorossiysk region
Authors: Mikhaylova Dzhuletta V.
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the problem of studying the history of organizing public education in the town of Mariupol and the district. The author seeks to trace the process of establishing the first classical secondary school for men and women, initiated by the teacher and educator Feoktist Khartakhay. The basis of the scientific research is the data on F. Khartakhay’s phased organization of process of opening educational institutions – from goal-setting to the implementation of the objective, the teaching staff of the schools, their material and technical base, academic staff, sources of funding.
Issue of demand of educational work at the higher school (on the experience of RyazGMU)
Authors: Nasekina Svetlana N. , Grishenina Yulia A. , Kechina Elina A.
Published: November 2020

The issue of the synthesis of professional education with an overall upbringing of university students is the main object-matter of the article. The article is aimed to represent the experience of educational work at Ryazan state medical university named by I. P. Pavlov. The mission of the higher school today is not only to provide quality education as one of the vital values, not only transfer knowledge mechanically, but also to form a comprehensively developed creative person as a professional expert with high moral qualities. Commercialization almost of all human areas, gradual shift of medicine to the services market space updates a problem of the unification of professional education with university student’s upbringing and also updates a demand of educational work and ways of its realization at the higher school as well as in medical universities. Having more than twenty years’ experience in the sphere of the higher education, the authors present their own point of view on the studied problem, as well as they give examples of teachers’ and students’ activity in all directions of educational work and development of fundamentals of medical ethics and ethical issues in clinical practice. Analyzing and generalizing the educational work experience practiced in Ryazan state medical university named by I.P. Pavlov, the authors of the article focus their attention on an integrative approach as the basic principle of organizing the educational process in a higher education institution. This process allows forming an integral person, a spiritually developed outstanding professional expert in medicine.
On developing information and mathematical competence of secondary school students when teaching mathematics as part of extracurricular
activities
Authors: Deza Elena I. , Khilyuk Elena A.
Published: November 2020

The article presents a didactic model for developing information and mathematical competence in teaching mathematics in the framework of extracurricular activities “Mathematics – the basis of the digital world” for students of grades 8–9. The definition of information and mathematical competence is given. A system of course goals has been developed in terms of the competence approach. The levels of development of information and mathematical competence are outlined. A digital metatechnology to form the information and mathematical competence based on a multi-level fan system of mathematical problems is proposed. The article describes the features of using the digital educational environment of the course and the possibility of diagnosing the effectiveness of the developed model.
Plato and Fichte: education as an engine of political changes
Authors: Klenin Petr V.
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the historical and philosophical examination of the educational concepts by Plato and Fichte. The philosophers selected for comparative studies present a view of education as an engine of political changes, that`s why the article emphasizes philosophical explication of their positions. Plato’s and Fichte’s views on the problem of education are different as they both lived in different époques, but they were times of crisis. However, their loyalty to the societal ideal, the purpose of rethinking the value of education in the state, make it possible to compare their teachings. Education in Plato’s philosophy aims to change the state fundamentally, when education in Fichte’s philosophy contributes to its transformation. The specific pedagogical procedures established by both philosophers are in focus of this article and are important for understanding the relationship of philosophy and education. Thus, Plato proposes to divide pedagogical tasks in accordance with inequality of social estates, while Fichte considers education as a national project for civil society. The relevance of this problem stems from modern appeals to reform the education system depending on political and social problems, but philosophers approach this issue from а different point of view and it is important to trace the peculiarities of this approach in light of history of Philosophy.
Multiple Eruptive and Vulvar Syringomas and the incipient role of dermoscopy in diagnosis
Authors: Majluf Cáceres Paula , Antúnez Lay Andrea , Herrera Reyes Hernán , Alvarez-Véliz Sergio , Abarzúa-Araya Alvaro , González-Bombardiere Sergio
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Syringomas are common benign tumors, probably of eccrine origin derived from the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine sweat ducts. They may occasionally develop suddenly and extensively as eruptive syringomas or be located in atypical sites delaying the diagnosis for years. Dermoscopy has an incipient role differentiating syringomas from their extensive differential diagnosis.Methods: Case-series of syringomas of atypical location. They all include dermoscopy and histopathological correlation.Results: Five patients: Four men and a woman between 40 and 79 years old, with clinical diagnosis of extra-ocular syringomas: eruptive, chronic and vulvar. Discussion: We propose dermoscopy, based on our findings, as a useful tool to suspect this entity, with its oval yellow structures and a diffuse light-brown network-like structure on its surface. These yellow enlargements may be correlated with the ductal eccrine proliferation and the dense stroma seen in the histopathology.Conclusion: We emphasize that they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of papular dermatosis, as they tend to be underdiagnosed, and to know their clinical manifestations to optimize the diagnostic suspicion.
An Analysis of Management Accounting System Development from the Structuration Theory Viewpoint
Authors: Chan Anthony Moung Yin , Lo Paul , Ng Kong
Published: November 2020

Our study covered the development and evolution of the management accounting system of a subsidiary company in a group. Our study was a longitudinal one starting from the incorporation of the company. We divided this period into five stages according to the major events happened, namely the formation of the company, the invoicing crisis, the conflict with parent company, the conflict with fellow subsidiaries, and the influence of the chief executive.

In our analysis we applied the three dimensions of structure in the theory of structuration (i.e., signification, legitimation and domination). The structuration theory explained the emergence of certain phenomena and events that were not explained by traditional accounting theories. Many events in our study validated the core ideas of the structuration theory which composes of the concepts of structure, system and duality of structure. The phenomena suggested that structure was both the medium and outcome of the conduct it recursively organized. Other features of the theory, such as the dialectic of control and system contradiction, were also applicable
Security and Privacy when Applying FAIR Principles to Genomic Information
Authors: Delgado Jaime , Llorente Silvia
Published: November 2020

Making data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) is a good approach when data needs to be shared. However, security and privacy are still critical aspects. In the FAIRification process, there is a need both for de-identification of data and for license attribution. The paper analyses some of the issues related to this process when the objective is sharing genomic information. The main results are the identification of the already existing standards that could be used for this purpose and how to combine them. Nevertheless, the area is quickly evolving and more specific standards could be specified.
Measures of Decision Aid Quality Are Preference-Sensitive and Interest-Conflicted – 1: Normative Measures
Authors: Dowie Jack , Kaltoft Mette Kjer , Rajput Vije Kumar
Published: November 2020

The belief that following rigorous inclusive methods will eliminate bias from ‘quality’ measures ignores the preferences necessarily embedded in any formative instrument. These preferences almost always reflect the interests of its developers when one uses the wide definition of ‘interest’ appropriate in healthcare research and provision. We focus on the International Patient Decision Aid Standards instrument, a popular normative measure of decision aid quality. Drawing on its application to a set of 23 breast cancer screening decision aids, we show the effects of modifications that reflect our own different interest-conflicted preferences. It is emphasised that the only objection is to the implication that any formative instrument should be promoted or treated as the ‘the gold standard’, without a conflict of interests disclaimer, and to the implication that other instruments cannot provide equally valid, high-quality measures.
Acceptance Study on the Usage of Health-Enabling Technologies in Therapy and Diagnostics for People with Mental Disorders
Authors: Droegemueller Bastian , Mielke Corinna , Haux Reinhold , Diehl Alexander
Published: November 2020

Mental disorders are widespread among the world’s population and place a high burden on both the people affected and the economy. In this area of health care and prevention major deficits can be found. Health-enabling technologies are being developed in order to provide support in the therapy and diagnostics of mental disorders. However, it is not clear whether patients are open to these technologies and what they expect from a suitable usage. The main goal of this study is to find out what opinions, hopes and fears mentally ill persons have towards a supporting treatment with health-enabling technologies. Personal interviews were conducted with psychiatric patients for that purpose. The evaluation of the interview data revealed a predominantly positive mindset of the participants. In addition to the general question according to the acceptance, requirements and expectations for the use of health-enabling technologies were acquired. In this context the concern of an invasion of privacy was exposed as a major barrier.
What is Digital Health? Review of Definitions
Authors: Fatehi Farhad , Samadbeik Mahnaz , Kazemi Azar
Published: November 2020

Digital technologies are transforming the health sector all over the world, however various aspects of this emerging field of science is yet to be properly understood. Ambiguity in the definition of digital health is a hurdle for research, policy, and practice in this field. With the aim of achieving a consensus in the definition of digital health, we undertook a quantitative analysis and term mapping of the published definitions of digital health. After inspecting 1527 records, we analyzed 95 unique definitions of digital health, from both scholar and general sources. The findings showed that digital health, as has been used in the literature, is more concerned about the provision of healthcare rather than the use of technology. Wellbeing of people, both at population and individual levels, have been more emphasized than the care of patients suffering from diseases. Also, the use of data and information for the care of patients was highlighted. A dominant concept in digital health appeared to be mobile health (mHealth), which is related to other concepts such as telehealth, eHealth, and artificial intelligence in healthcare.
Health Professionals’ Perceptions and Reactions to ICT-Related Patient Safety Incidents
Authors: Kouvo Jouni , Koponen Samuli , Kuusisto Hanna , Saranto Kaija
Published: November 2020

Patient incident reporting is an important way to promote safer health care. The barriers for reporting can be organizational (leadership, culture, lack of feedback, etc.) or individual (time pressure, perceived competence, attitude, etc.). In this study, we examined what kinds of ICT-related incidents health professionals observe in Finland, how they react to them and the reasons for non-reporting. Our data was collected using a nationwide survey during the Spring of 2020. The theory of planned behaviour by Ajzen served as our framework for explaining non-reporting behaviour. While we found that attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control all explain non-reporting, our factor model based on our confirmatory factor analysis did not directly match Ajzen’s theory.
From Atomic Guideline-Based Recommendations to Complete Therapeutic Care Plans: A Knowledge-Based Approach Applied to Breast Cancer Management
Authors: Kouz Hicham , Bouaud Jacques , Guézennec Gilles , Séroussi Brigitte
Published: November 2020

How textual clinical practice guidelines are written may have an impact on how they are formalized and on the kind of recommendations issued by the clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) that implement them. Breast cancer guidelines are mostly centered on the description of the different recommended therapeutic modalities, represented as atomic recommendations, but seldom provide comprehensive plans that drive care delivery. The objective of this work is to implement a knowledge-based approach to develop a care plan builder (CPB) that works on atomic recommendations to build patient-centered care plans as sequences of chronologically ordered therapeutic steps. The CPB uses the atomic recommendations issued by the guideline-based decision support system (GL-DSS) of the DESIREE project. The domain knowledge is represented as the list of all care plans that apply to breast cancer patients. Scenarios are introduced to locate the patient on these theoretical care plans. The CPB has been evaluated on a sample of 99 solved clinical cases leading to an overall performance of 89,8%.
A Decentralized Framework for Biostatistics and Privacy Concerns
Authors: Mangold Paul , Filiot Alexandre , Moussa Mouhamed , Sobanski Vincent , Ficheur Gregoire , Andrey Paul , Lamer Antoine
Published: November 2020

Biostatistics and machine learning have been the cornerstone of a variety of recent developments in medicine. In order to gather large enough datasets, it is often necessary to set up multi-centric studies; yet, centralization of measurements can be difficult, either for practical, legal or ethical reasons. As an alternative, federated learning enables leveraging multiple centers’ data without actually collating them. While existing works generally require a center to act as a leader and coordinate computations, we propose a fully decentralized framework where each center plays the same role. In this paper, we apply this framework to logistic regression, including confidence intervals computation. We test our algorithm on two distinct clinical datasets split among different centers, and show that it matches results from the centralized framework. In addition, we discuss possible privacy leaks and potential protection mechanisms, paving the way towards further research.
Do You Know Who Is Talking to Your Wearable Smartband?
Authors: Kazlouski Andrei , Marchioro Thomas , Manifavas Harry , Markatos Evangelos
Published: November 2020

We study seven fitness trackers and their associated smartphone apps from a wide variety of manufacturers, and record who they are talking to. Our results suggest that some of them communicate with unexpected third parties, including social networks, advertisement websites, weather services, and various external APIs. This implies that such unanticipated third-parties may glean personal information of users.
Description of Data Breaches Notifications in France and Lessons Learned for the Healthcare Stakeholders
Authors: Simon Marie , Looten Vincent
Published: November 2020

Although the consequences of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) have been widely discussed, the violations have not been described in medical literature. In this study, we focus our analyses on the data breach notifications, in France, defined in the article 4 of GDPR as “a breach of security resulting, accidentally or unlawfully, in the destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure of personal data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed, or unauthorized access to such data.” Among 3,824 data breach notifications reported between May 2018 and February 2020, 244 (6.4%) is related to the health sector. Loss of confidentiality is the most important breach (80.7%) in this sector, followed by the loss of availability (27.5%). Malicious cause occurred in 58.2% of them. We hypothesized a phenomenon of underreported data breach incidents in health due to a mismatch between cybersecurity and data privacy issues.
Effects of User Participation in the Development of Health Information Systems on Their Evaluation Within Occupational Health Services
Authors: Vahteristo Anna , Jylhä Virpi
Published: November 2020

Information management and the usability of health information systems (HIS) are important for the development of HIS in occupational health services. User participation in the HIS development process has been shown to contribute to the success of an HIS. The purpose of this study was to analyze how user participation in HIS development affected evaluation of the success of HIS. The success was assessed on the basis of the DeLone and McLean Information Systems (IS) Success Model. The study was conducted within occupational health services and the data (n=210) was analyzed with quantitative methods. The results showed that users participating in the HIS development process assessed the success of the HIS as better than those that had not taken part in the development. This difference could be seen in all seven dimensions of the DeLone and McLean IS success model but was statistically significant only for System Quality and Intention to Use. The results also showed that the users that had participated in the HIS development process also used the HIS more often and more extensively than those that had not participated in the development. The results indicate that user participation in the development process positively influences their assessment of the HIS and increases their active use of the IS. However, more research is needed to determine the long-term effects of using participatory design in HIS development.
Continuity of Health, Citizen Empowerment as Key Driver
Authors: Hofdijk Jacob , Cillessen Felix
Published: November 2020

Self-management for prevention and care will play a significant role in the transition to apply person-centered care. Interoperability requirements, an overarching care plan, integration of social determinants, and the focus on prevention are important ingredients in the vision on its implementation.
Trust and VERIFY: the role of combined treatment with metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in new-onset diabetes type 2
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Demidova T.Yu. , Kozhevnikov A.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

Diabetes is a progressive disease that manifests itself in hyperglycemia and is associated with macro- and microvascular complications. Stepwise approach to glucose-lowering therapy is now often questioned for two main reasons. First, the decision on intensifying the treatment requires the decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism. Second, this conception does not always meet the criteria of pathophysiological treatment, in particular, in patients who are newly diagnosed with diabetes type 2 and recommended with metformin monotherapy. The combination of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors is a well-known strategy that effectively controls blood glucose level and preserves beta cell functions. VERIFY study has demonstrated that after a 5-year follow-up, median time to type 2 diabetes decompensation is 36.1 months in metformin group and 61.9 months in early combined treatment group (metformin plus vildagliptin) (p<0.0001). These findings can account for paradigm shift in treatment prescription for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in patients with HbA1c less than 1,0% of the target level.KEYWORDS: diabetes, glucose-lowering therapy, control of glycemia, combined treatment.FOR CITATION: Demidova T.Yu., Kozhevnikov A.A. Trust and VERIFY: the role of combined treatment with metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in new-onset diabetes type 2. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(6):334–339. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-334-339.
Medical care standards for diabetes in the hospital: evolution of views from glycemic control to metabolic surgery
Authors:   Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakstan, Fursov A.B. , Fursov R.A. ,   Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakstan, Ospanov O.B. ,   Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakstan
Published: November 2020

A large number of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a high incidence of complications and disease decompensation, which becomes the reason for therapy inefficacy. In recent years, endocrinologists and diabetologists are increasingly paying attention to surgical methods for treating T2D. The review attempts to study and systematize new trends in the treatment of T2D, as well as to determine the historical vector of changes in diabetologist views on the control, stabilization of the glycemic level in diabetic patients, and surgical methods.A retrospective study of scientific approaches to the treatment of diabetes confirmed the opinion of some researchers that the evolution of treatment methods commonly consisted of improving control and means of insulin delivery to the body. The analysis of scientific papers that confirm that detection of glycemic disorders among those admitted to the surgical hospital has a direct and immediate benefit both in a planned and urgent order. The growth of economic costs associated with insufficient glycemic control in diabetic patients was studied. Over the past decades, medical care standards for diabetes are analyzed in chronological order. Using the American Diabetes Association Guidelines, new trends in the treatment of T2D have been developed, and a stable vector in changing views on the efficacy of surgical bariatric and metabolic methods has been identified.KEYWORDS: medical care standards, type 2 diabetes, glycemia, evolution of diabetes mellitus treatment, economic costs, guidelines, metabolic surgery, endoscopic methods.FOR CITATION: Fursov A.B., Fursov R.A., Ospanov O.B. Medical care standards for diabetes in the hospital: evolution of views from glycemic control to metabolic surgery. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(6):340–346. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-340-346.
Pathogenic management strategies for type 2 diabetes. New requirements and new potentialities
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Demidova T.Yu. , Plakhotnyaya V.M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gritskevich E.Yu. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the key mechanisms underlying the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). IR can be diagnosed in prediabetes and even in the lack of the existing disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. This paper highlights the properties of a drug that improves tissue sensitivity to insulin, pioglitazone. This medication provides good glycemic control and reduces the risk of cardiovascular events. In patients with prediabetes and IR, pioglitazone slows the progression of carbohydrate metabolism disorders to T2D and also provides cardioprotective effect. In T2D, this agent could be of great interest in terms of intensifying the therapy as a part of complex treatment, in particular, when combined with dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Current priorities of the rational choice of antidiabetic therapy for T2D require personalized management, targeting pathogenic mechanisms, and the correction of risk factors and comorbidities. Considering this, multiple effects of pioglitazone can be of crucial importance when deciding on patient selection.KEYWORDS: diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, thiazolidinediones, glycemic control.FOR CITATION: Demidova T.Yu., Plakhotnyaya V.M., Gritskevich E.Yu. Pathogenic management strategies for type 2 diabetes. New requirements and new potentialities. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(6):347–351. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-347-351.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis: a gynecologist’s view
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Il’ina I.Yu. , Dobrokhotova Yu.E. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

Climacteric is a physiological period of woman’s life starting from the decline in ovarian activity until the end of ovarian function. The end of ovarian function associated with the significant reduction in estradiol progestin synthesis results in the hormonal changes that lead to the clinical manifestations of postmenopausal period. During this period, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular events are common. In addition, the risks of various cancers (i.e., breast, colorectal, pancreatic, bladder, and endometrial cancer) increase greatly. Moreover, the risk of osteoporosis, a condition that affects the quality of life, also increases. Considering this, menopausal hormone therapy and drugs promoting bone metabolism should be prescribed in addition to the changes in the lifestyle and encouraging physical activity.KEYWORDS: menopause, climax, bone mineral density, fractures, osteoporosis, ibandronic acid.FOR CITATION: Il’ina I.Yu., Dobrokhotova Yu.E. Postmenopausal osteoporosis: a gynecologist’s view. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(6):358–363. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-358-363.
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young: difficult differential diagnosis
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lobanova K.G. , Titova V.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dolgova K.S. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic variant of diabetes characterized by the primary dysfunctions of pancreatic β-cells. MODY accounts for 1–2% of all variants of diabetes. MODY is generally associated with HNF1A gene mutation. The hallmarks of MODY are an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, the onset of the disease in the young age, stable C-peptide level over a long period, the lack of the autoantibodies considered as the markers of diabetes, and the lack of ketoacidosis at disease onset. Considering that MODY manifests in children and young individuals, these patients are commonly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. However, due to the atypical clinical signs of type 1 diabetes and the similarity of this disease to type 2 diabetes, these patients are often misdiagnosed with type 2 diabetes. This case report illustrates the differential diagnosis of diabetes in a patient with unusual disease course. The attention is focused on the features of MODY course. The indications to molecular genetic testing to verify the diagnosis are addressed.KEYWORDS: diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young, monogenic diabetes, sulfonylureas, molecular genetic testing, LADA, pancreatogenic diabetes.FOR CITATION: Lobanova K.G., Titova V.V., Dolgova K.S. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young: difficult differential diagnosis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(6):372–376. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-372-376.
Reduction in somatotropinoma sizes after medical therapy
Authors:   M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pokramovich Yu.G.
Published: November 2020

Acromegaly is a severe neuroendocrine disorder that results in significant disability in the lack of adequate treatment. Considering typical physical appearance, the diagnosis of acromegaly seems not to be challenging at first glance. However, this disease remains unrecognized for many years due to the slow progression of physical alterations. Surgery is the first-line treatment. Medical therapy is usually prescribed as an additional modality when surgical interventions are failed or contraindicated in patients with various complications or comorbidities. Somatostatin analogues provide tumor-suppressive effect. This paper demonstrates a significant tumor-suppressive effect of somatostatin analogues in an elderly woman with contraindications to radical surgery. Over a 12-month period, tumor volume reduced from 2.9 cm3 to 0.4 cm3. Tumor reduction was accompanied by clinical and biochemical remission and the improvement of the levels of somatotropin and insulin-like growth factor 1 as early as after 3 months of the treatment with somatostatin analogues. This case report demonstrates great potentialities of the medical therapy for this rare and complex disease in elderly patients.KEYWORDS: acromegaly, somatotropin, insulin-like growth factor 1, adenoma, hypophysis, somatotropinoma, somatostatin analogues.FOR CITATION: Pokramovich Yu.G. Reduction in somatotropinoma sizes after medical therapy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(6):377–381. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-377-381.
Vaginal dysbiosis is an interdisciplinary issue. Perspectives from a gynecologist and immunologist. Methods, options, and prospects for addressing
Authors:   National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bebneva T.N. , Dyshkovets A.A. ,   Polyclinics No. 3, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

The advances in clinical practice and the treatment for various disorders in the current context are not possible without using a systemic approach, i.e., a set of methods that view a patient with respect to the whole and, in particular, the interactions between the organs and systems. Systemic approach is a prerequisite for the successful diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of many diseases. However, this approach is used for such a long time that sometimes it becomes a formal and conditional one. Meanwhile, narrow specialization has greatly changed the essence of medical practice. Therefore, the conditions which require an interdisciplinary approach are the most complex diseases to manage and prevent. We have interviewed T.N. Bebneva, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), the gynecologist of the Clinical Diagnostic Department of the Treatment and Rehabilitation Division of the National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, and A.A. Dyshkovets, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), the allergist of the Polyclinics No. 3, on vaginal dysbiosis.KEYWORDS: vaginal dysbiosis, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, papillomavirus infection, mucous immunity, topical immunomodulators, glycyrrhizinic acid.FOR CITATION: Vaginal dysbiosis is an interdisciplinary issue. Perspectives from a gynecologist and immunologist. Methods, options, and prospects for addressing (interview with T.N. Bebneva and A.A. Dyshkovets). Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(3):157–162. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-3-157-162