bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINC00887 promotes GCN5-dependent H3K27cr level and CRC metastasis via recruitment of YEATS2 and enhancing ETS1 expression
Authors: Liao Meijian , Zheng Wendan , Wang Yifan , Li Mengting , Sun Xiaolin , Liu Nan , Yao Jia , Dong Fuxing , Wang Qingling , Ma Yu , Mou Jie
Published: September 2024

Recent observations have revealed upregulation of H3K27cr in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues; however, the underlying cause remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of H3K27cr upregulation and its roles in CRC metastasis. Clinically, our findings showed that H3K27cr served as a highly accurate diagnostic marker to distinguish CRC tissues from healthy controls. Elevated levels of LINC00887 and H3K27cr were associated with a poorer prognosis in CRC patients. Functionally, LINC00887 and H3K27cr facilitated the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Mechanistically, LINC00887 interacted with SIRT3 protein. Overexpressed of LINC00887 obstructed the enrichment of SIRT3 within GCN5 promoter, thereby elevating H3K27ac but not H3K27cr level within this region, subsequently activating GCN5 expression. This activation increased the global level of H3K27cr, promoting the enrichment of GCN5, H3K27cr, and YEATS2 within ETS1 promoter, activating ETS1 transcription and ultimately promoting the metastasis of CRC. The in vivo study demonstrated that inhibition of LINC00887 suppressed CRC metastasis, but this inhibitory effect was nullified when mice were treated with NaCr. In conclusion, our results confirmed the diagnostic biomarker potential of H3K27cr in individuals with CRC, and proposed a functional model to elucidate the involvement of LINC00887 in promoting CRC metastasis by elevating H3K27cr level.
LncRNA PVT1 induces mitochondrial dysfunction of podocytes via TRIM56 in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Lv Zhimei , Wang Ziyang , Hu Jinxiu , Su Hong , Liu Bing , Lang Yating , Yu Qun , Liu Yue , Fan Xiaoting , Yang Meilin , Shen Ning , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Xia , Wang Rong
Published: September 2024

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant contributor to podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). While previous studies have shown that PVT1 might play a vital role in DKD, the precise molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. By analyzing the plasma and kidney tissues of DKD patients, we observed a significant upregulation of PVT1 expression, which exhibited a positive correlation with albumin/creatinine ratios and serum creatinine levels. Then, we generated mice with podocyte-specific deletion of PVT1 (Nphs2-Cre/Pvt1flox/flox) and confirmed that the deletion of PVT1 suppressed podocyte mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in addition to ameliorating diabetes-induced podocyte injury, glomerulopathy, and proteinuria. Subsequently, we cultured podocytes in vitro and observed that PVT1 expression was upregulated under hyperglycemic conditions. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PVT1 was involved in mitochondrial dysfunction by interacting with TRIM56 post-transcriptionally to modulate the ubiquitination of AMPKα, leading to aberrant mitochondrial biogenesis and fission. Additionally, the release of mtDNA and mtROS from damaged mitochondria triggered inflammation in podocytes. Subsequently, we verified the important role of TRIM56 in vivo by constructing Nphs2-Cre/Trim56flox/flox mice, consistently with the results of Nphs2-Cre/Pvt1flox/flox mice. Together, our results revealed that upregulation of PVT1 could promote mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation of podocyte by modulating TRIM56, highlighting a potential novel therapeutic target for DKD.
Child-like sex dolls: legal, empirical, and ethical perspectives
Authors: Desbuleux Jeanne C. , Fuss Johannes
Published: September 2024

The review deals with the controversy surrounding the use of highly realistic dolls with a child-like appearance. It summarizes recent empirical findings and provides an overview of the different legal and ethical perspectives on this issue. Countries use different legal approaches to regulate the use or sale of child-like sex dolls. Although a causal link is assumed by some legislators between the prohibition of such dolls and the protection of children from sexual abuse, empirical studies do not support this causality. The imposition of bans will hinder empirical research on the potential use of alternative sexual outputs for people with paraphilic disorders.
The morphospace of the brain-cognition organisation
Authors: Pacella Valentina , Nozais Victor , Talozzi Lia , Abdallah Majd , Wassermann Demian , Forkel Stephanie J. , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel
Published: September 2024

Over the past three decades, functional neuroimaging has amassed abundant evidence of the intricate interplay between brain structure and function. However, the potential anatomical and experimental overlap, independence, granularity, and gaps between functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show the latent structure of the current brain-cognition knowledge and its organisation. Our approach utilises the most comprehensive meta-analytic fMRI database (Neurosynth) to compute a three-dimensional embedding space–morphospace capturing the relationship between brain functions as we currently understand them. The space structure enables us to statistically test the relationship between functions expressed as the degree to which the characteristics of each functional map can be anticipated based on its similarities with others–the predictability index. The morphospace can also predict the activation pattern of new, unseen functions and decode thoughts and inner states during movie watching. The framework defined by the morphospace will spur the investigation of novel functions and guide the exploration of the fabric of human cognition.
A structural rationale for reversible vs irreversible amyloid fibril formation from a single protein
Authors: Frey Lukas , Zhou Jiangtao , Cereghetti Gea , Weber Marco E. , Rhyner David , Pokharna Aditya , Wenchel Luca , Kadavath Harindranath , Cao Yiping , Meier Beat H. , Peter Matthias , Greenwald Jason , Riek Roland , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: September 2024

Reversible and irreversible amyloids are two diverging cases of protein (mis)folding associated with the cross-β motif in the protein folding and aggregation energy landscape. Yet, the molecular origins responsible for the formation of reversible vs irreversible amyloids have remained unknown. Here we provide evidence at the atomic level of distinct folding motifs for irreversible and reversible amyloids derived from a single protein sequence: human lysozyme. We compare the 2.8 Å structure of irreversible amyloid fibrils determined by cryo-electron microscopy helical reconstructions with molecular insights gained by solid-state NMR spectroscopy on reversible amyloids. We observe a canonical cross-β-sheet structure in irreversible amyloids, whereas in reversible amyloids, there is a less-ordered coexistence of β-sheet and helical secondary structures that originate from a partially unfolded lysozyme, thus carrying a “memory” of the original folded protein precursor. We also report the structure of hen egg-white lysozyme irreversible amyloids at 3.2 Å resolution, revealing another canonical amyloid fold, and reaffirming that irreversible amyloids undergo a complete conversion of the native protein into the cross-β structure. By combining atomic force microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy and solid-state NMR, we show that a full unfolding of the native protein precursor is a requirement for establishing irreversible amyloid fibrils.
Ferromagnetic quantum critical point protected by nonsymmorphic symmetry in a Kondo metal
Authors: Shin Soohyeon , Ramires Aline , Pomjakushin Vladimir , Plokhikh Igor , Pomjakushina Ekaterina
Published: September 2024

Quantum critical points (QCPs), zero-temperature phase transitions, are windows to fundamental quantum-mechanical phenomena associated with universal behaviour. Magnetic QCPs have been extensively investigated in the vicinity of antiferromagnetic order. However, QCPs are rare in metallic ferromagnets due to the coupling of the order parameter to electronic soft modes. Recently, antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling in noncentrosymmetric systems was suggested to protect ferromagnetic QCPs. Nonetheless, multiple centrosymmetric materials host FM QCPs, suggesting a more general mechanism behind their protection. In this context, CeSi2-δ, a dense Kondo lattice crystallising in a centrosymmetric structure, exhibits ferromagnetic order when Si is replaced with Ag. We report that the Ag-substitution to CeSi1.97 linearly suppresses the ferromagnetic order towards a QCP, accompanied by concurrent strange-metal behaviour. Herein, we suggest that, despite the centrosymmetric structure, spin-orbit coupling arising from the local noncentrosymmetric structure, in combination with nonsymmorphic symmetry, can protect ferromagnetic QCPs. Our findings offer a general guideline for discovering new ferromagnetic QCPs and highlight one new family of materials within which the interplay of topology and quantum phase transitions can be investigated in the context of strongly correlated systems.
Experience of Euclidean geometry sculpts the development and dynamics of rodent hippocampal sequential cell assemblies
Authors: Farooq Usman , Dragoi George
Published: September 2024

Euclidean space is the fabric of the world we live in. Whether and how geometric experience shapes our spatial-temporal representations of the world remained unknown. We deprived male rats of experience with crucial features of Euclidean geometry by rearing them inside spheres, and compared activity of large hippocampal neuronal ensembles during navigation and sleep with that of cuboid cage-reared controls. Sphere-rearing from birth permitted emergence of accurate neuronal ensemble spatial codes and preconfigured and plastic time-compressed neuronal sequences. However, sphere-rearing led to diminished individual place cell tuning, more similar neuronal mapping of different track ends/corners, and impaired pattern separation and plasticity of multiple linear tracks, coupled with reduced preconfigured sleep network repertoires. Subsequent experience with multiple linear environments over four days largely reversed these effects. Thus, early-life experience with Euclidean geometry enriches the hippocampal repertoire of preconfigured neuronal patterns selected toward unique representation and discrimination of multiple linear environments.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics of ribociclib in black patients with metastatic breast cancer the LEANORA study
Authors: Schlam Ilana , Smith D. Max , Peer Cody , Sissung Tristan , Schmidt Keith T. , Tan Ming , Chitalia Ami , Bishopric Nanette H. , Steinberg Seth , Choo-Wosoba Hyoyoung , Napoli Giulia , Gallagher Christopher , Ashai Nadia , Whitaker Kristen , Mainor Candace , Tiwari Shruti , Swanson Nicole , Malloy Stacy , Isaacs Claudine , Figg William Douglas , Swain Sandra M.
Published: September 2024

Underrepresented populations’ participation in clinical trials remains limited, and the potential impact of genomic variants on drug metabolism remains elusive. This study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacogenomics (PGx) of ribociclib in self-identified Black women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2) advanced breast cancer. LEANORA (NCT04657679) was a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study involving 14 Black women. PK and PGx were evaluated using tandem mass spectrometry and PharmacoScan™ microarray (including CYP3A5*3, *6, and *7). CYP3A5 phenotypes varied among participants: 7 poor metabolizers (PM), 6 intermediate metabolizers (IM), and one normal metabolizer (NM). The area under the curve did not significantly differ between PMs (39,230 h*ng/mL) and IM/NMs (43,546 h*ng/mL; p = 0.38). The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was also similar. We found no association between CYP3A5 genotype and ribociclib exposure. Continued efforts are needed to include diverse populations in clinical trials to ensure equitable treatment outcomes.
Integrated modeling to control vaporization-induced composition change during additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys
Authors: Mukherjee Tuhin , Shinjo Junji , DebRoy Tarasankar , Panwisawas Chinnapat
Published: September 2024

A critical issue in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing is the selective vaporization of alloying elements resulting in poor mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of parts. The process also alters the part’s chemical composition compared to the feedstock. Here we present a novel multi-physics modeling framework, integrating heat and fluid flow simulations, thermodynamic calculations, and evaporation modeling to estimate and control the composition change during LPBF of nickel-based superalloys. Experimental validation confirms the accuracy of our model. Moreover, we quantify the relative vulnerabilities of different nickel-based superalloys to composition change quantitatively and we examine the effect of remelting due to the layer-by-layer deposition during the LPBF process. Spatial variations in evaporative flux and compositions for each element were determined, providing valuable insights into the LPBF process and product attributes. The results of this study can be used to optimize the LPBF process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, and powder layer thickness to ensure the production of high-quality components with desired chemical compositions.
A fast all-optical 3D photoacoustic scanner for clinical vascular imaging
Authors: Huynh N. T. , Zhang E. , Francies O. , Kuklis F. , Allen T. , Zhu J. , Abeyakoon O. , Lucka F. , Betcke M. , Jaros J. , Arridge S. , Cox B. , Plumb A. A. , Beard P.
Published: September 2024

The clinical assessment of microvascular pathologies (in diabetes and in inflammatory skin diseases, for example) requires the visualization of superficial vascular anatomy. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) scanners based on an all-optical Fabry–Perot ultrasound sensor can provide highly detailed 3D microvascular images, but minutes-long acquisition times have precluded their clinical use. Here we show that scan times can be reduced to a few seconds and even hundreds of milliseconds by parallelizing the optical architecture of the sensor readout, by using excitation lasers with high pulse-repetition frequencies and by exploiting compressed sensing. A PAT scanner with such fast acquisition minimizes motion-related artefacts and allows for the volumetric visualization of individual arterioles, venules, venous valves and millimetre-scale arteries and veins to depths approaching 15 mm, as well as for dynamic 3D images of time-varying tissue perfusion and other haemodynamic events. In exploratory case studies, we used the scanner to visualize and quantify microvascular changes associated with peripheral vascular disease, skin inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. Fast all-optical PAT may prove useful in cardiovascular medicine, oncology, dermatology and rheumatology.
Recent uplift of Chomolungma enhanced by river drainage piracy
Authors: Han Xu , Dai Jin-Gen , Smith Adam G. G. , Xu Shi-Ying , Liu Bo-Rong , Wang Cheng-Shan , Fox Matthew
Published: September 2024

The Himalayas, which host glaciers, modulate the Indian Monsoon and create an arid Tibetan Plateau, play a vital role in distributing freshwater resources to the world’s most populous regions. The Himalayas formed under prolonged crustal thickening and erosion by glaciers and rivers. Chomolungma (8,849 m)—also known as Mount Everest or Sagarmāthā—is higher than surrounding peaks, and GPS measurements suggest a higher uplift rate in recent years than the long-term trend. Here we analyse the potential contribution of a river capture event in the Kosi River drainage basin on the renewed surface uplift of Chomolungma. We numerically reconstruct the capture process using a simple stream power model combined with nonlinear inverse methods constrained by modern river profiles. Our best-fit model suggests the capture event occurred approximately 89 thousand years ago and caused acceleration of downstream incision rates. Flexural models estimate this non-steady erosion triggers isostatic response and surface uplift over a broad geographical area. We suggest that part of Chomolungma’s anomalous elevation (~15–50 m) can be explained as the isostatic response to capture-triggered river incision, highlighting the complex interplay between geological dynamics and the formation of topographic features.
Enhancing severe hypoglycemia prediction in type 2 diabetes mellitus through multi-view co-training machine learning model for imbalanced dataset
Authors: Agraz Melih , Deng Yixiang , Karniadakis George Em , Mantzoros Christos Socrates
Published: September 2024

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have severe hypoglycemia (SH) poses a considerable risk of long-term death, especially among the elderly, demanding urgent medical attention. Accurate prediction of SH remains challenging due to its multifaced nature, contributed from factors such as medications, lifestyle choices, and metabolic measurements. In this study, we propose a systematic approach to improve the robustness and accuracy of SH predictions using machine learning models, guided by clinical feature selection. Our focus is on developing long-term SH prediction models using both semi-supervised learning and supervised learning algorithms. Using the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes trial, which includes electronic health records for over 10,000 individuals, we focus on studying adults with T2DM. Our results indicate that the application of a multi-view co-training method, incorporating the random forest algorithm, improves the specificity of SH prediction, while the same setup with Naive Bayes replacing random forest demonstrates better sensitivity. Our framework also provides interpretability of machine learning models by identifying key predictors for hypoglycemia, including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, general diabetes education, and NPH or L insulins. The integration of data routinely available in electronic health records significantly enhances our model’s capability to predict SH events, showcasing its potential to transform clinical practice by facilitating early interventions and optimizing patient management. By enhancing prediction accuracy and identifying crucial predictive features, our study contributes to advancing the understanding and management of hypoglycemia in this population.
Oneyear longitudinal study on biomarkers of blood–brain barrier permeability in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Wallensten Johanna , Havervall Sebastian , Power Yvonne , Åsberg Marie , Borg Kristian , Nager Anna , Thålin Charlotte , Mobarrez Fariborz
Published: September 2024

The pathophysiology behind neurological and cognitive sequelae of COVID-19 may be related to dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and previous research indicate transient neuronal injury and glial activation. The aim of this study was to investigate if COVID-19 is related to increased BBB permeability by analyzing leakage of biomarkers such as astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and S100B. We also investigated whether levels of these biomarkers correlated with self-reported symptoms that persisted > 2 months. The samples in this 1-year follow-up study came from an ongoing longitudinal study of unvaccinated patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, between April and June 2020. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 months after hospitalization. Information on self-reported clinical symptoms was collected at follow-up visits. A total of 102 patients were enrolled, and 47 completed all follow-up measurements. Peak levels of both biomarkers were observed at 4 months in the subset of 55 patients who were measured at this timepoint. At 12 months, the biomarkers had returned to baseline levels. The biomarkers were not correlated with any of the long-term self-reported symptoms. COVID-19 is associated with transient increased BBB permeability, shown by elevated levels of astrocyte biomarkers in plasma. However, these levels return to baseline 12 months post-infection and do not correlate with long-term symptoms. Further research is needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms causing long-term symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
Microbial acidification by N, S, Fe and Mn oxidation as a key mechanism for deterioration of subsea tunnel sprayed concrete
Authors: Karačić Sabina , Suarez Carolina , Hagelia Per , Persson Frank , Modin Oskar , Martins Paula Dalcin , Wilén Britt-Marie
Published: September 2024

The deterioration of fibre-reinforced sprayed concrete was studied in the Oslofjord subsea tunnel (Norway). At sites with intrusion of saline groundwater resulting in biofilm growth, the concrete exhibited significant concrete deterioration and steel fibre corrosion. Using amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics, the microbial taxa and surveyed potential microbial mechanisms of concrete degradation at two sites over five years were identified. The concrete beneath the biofilm was investigated with polarised light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The oxic environment in the tunnel favoured aerobic oxidation processes in nitrogen, sulfur and metal biogeochemical cycling as evidenced by large abundances of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with potential for oxidation of nitrogen, sulfur, manganese and iron, observed mild acidification of the concrete, and the presence of manganese- and iron oxides. These results suggest that autotrophic microbial populations involved in the cycling of several elements contributed to the corrosion of steel fibres and acidification causing concrete deterioration.
Achieving liquid processors by colloidal suspensions for reservoir computing
Authors: Fortulan Raphael , Kheirabadi Noushin Raeisi , Chiolerio Alessandro , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: September 2024

The increasing use of machine learning, with its significant computational and environmental costs, has motivated the exploration of unconventional computing substrates. Liquid substrates, such as colloids, are of particular interest due to their ability to conform to various shapes while exhibiting complex dynamics resulting from the collective behaviour of the constituent colloidal particles. This study explores the potential of using a PEDOT:PSS colloidal suspension as a physical reservoir for reservoir computing in spoken digit recognition. Reservoir computing uses high-dimensional dynamical systems to perform tasks with different substrates, including physical ones. Here, a physical reservoir is implemented that encodes temporal data by exploiting the rich dynamics inherent in colloidal suspensions, thus avoiding reliance on conventional computing hardware. The reservoir processes audio input encoded as spike sequences, which are then classified using a trained readout layer to identify spoken digits. Evaluation across different speaker scenarios shows that the colloidal reservoir achieves high accuracy in classification tasks, demonstrating its viability as a physical reservoir substrate.
Inhibiting Arginine Methylation
Authors: Sbardella Gianluca , Bedford Mark T.
Published: September 2024

The misregulation of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) has been implicated in cancer and other diseases. There are nine PRMTs and small molecule inhibitors have been developed that selectively target most of the family members. These inhibitors have progressed from the chemical probe stage, where they have played a role in dissecting out PRMT-related mechanistic pathways and have been used in pre-clinical in vivo settings, to the development of drugs that are currently being leveraged in clinical trials. Here we will discuss the evolution of this field.
Chromatin Remodeling Complexes: Arising Opportunities and Challenges of Targeting Chromatin Remodelers
Authors: Sandoval Gabriel J. , Gioacchini Nathan , Wu Liguo , Kalogeropulou Alexia F. , Hesler Stephen , Taherbhoy Asad M. , Netherton Matthew R. , Bellon Steven F. , Daniels Danette L.
Published: September 2024

Chromatin remodeling complexes are the gatekeepers of chromatin accessibility and subsequent activation or repression of transcriptional programs. They have essential functions and aberrant activity due to mutations or loss of function of key components is often found associated with diseases, notably cancer and immunological disorders. In this chapter we highlight the diverse ways in which chromatin remodeling complexes can be targeted specifically with a focus towards development of therapeutics using multiple drug discovery approaches including inhibition, targeted protein degradation, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) disruption of transcription factor binding to remodeling complexes. With these varied strategies, targeted therapies for numerous diseases which are driven by inappropriate chromatin remodeling activity can be developed impacting the lives of significant numbers of patients.
RNA Modifying Proteins: Emerging Targets for Drug Discovery
Authors: Boriack-Sjodin P. Ann , Silver Serena J.
Published: September 2024

Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA play critical roles in normal cellular physiology, such as cell fate decisions and terminal differentiation. Modifications to RNA, reversal of these modifications and selective binding interactions of modified RNA are collectively mediated by a large group of proteins known as the RNA-modifying proteins (RMPs). The RMPs fall into four mechanistic categories: (1) appending or removing small chemical groups to specific nucleoside locations; (2) structural changes to nucleoside base rings including editing of RNA bases; (3) hydrolytic cleavage of RNAs; (4) noncovalent conformational changes to RNA structures. Emerging data implicates some of these modifications and the specific RMPs that mediate them in a variety of human diseases. In this review a summary of the role of RMPs in human diseases and the rationale for drug discovery efforts aimed at selective inhibition of RMPs as a basis for therapeutic intervention is presented.
Static disorder in perovskite-type proton-conducting oxides BaSn1−xMxO3−x/2–(y/2)H2O (M = Ga, Sc, In, Y, La): a novel approach based on statistical analysis of numerous DFT simulated structures
Authors: Nagasaki Takanori , Yamada Tomoaki
Published: September 2024

Simulated IR absorption spectra of O–H stretching vibrations for untrapped and trapped hydrogen atoms in BaSn0.85In0.15O3H0.15 and BaSn0.85Y0.15O3H0.15.
Manganese-based nanozyme enabled efficient mitigation of Huanglongbing-induced oxidative damage in Citrus
Authors: Li Shuojun , Long Yuying , Deng Guiyun , Men Yinghui , Lu Feifan , Wang Zihan , Li Jiaying , Han Heyou
Published: September 2024

Manganese oxide nanozymes (MONPs) facilitate the alleviation of Huanglongbing (HLB) symptoms in Citrus by mitigating oxidative stress.
A reflection on ‘Self-assembly of aligned rutile@anatase TiO2 nanorod@CdS quantum dots ternary core–shell heterostructure: cascade electron transfer by interfacial design’
Authors: Yan Xian , Yuan Jiao-Nan , Xiao Fang-Xing , Liu Bin
Published: September 2024

Liu et al. reflect on one of their first Materials Horizons papers (Mater. Horiz., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3MH00097D) published in the journal and discuss how their work may have influenced the research field.
Pd-catalyzed enantioselective hydroesterification of vinyl arenes on water
Authors: Li Junhua , Min Yaqian , Shi Yian
Published: September 2024

Asymmetric hydroesterification of vinyl arenes on water is achieved with Pd as a catalyst and (R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS as a ligand using HCO2Ph or CO/PhOH in up to 92% yield and up to 96% ee with up to >20 : 1 b/l ratio.
Preparation of a gallium-imprinted resin-capacitive deionization electrode and study of its gallium adsorption performance
Authors: Wang Song , Lv Guozhi , Zhang Tingan
Published: September 2024

Aiming to overcome the shortcomings of slow adsorption rate and poor selectivity for gallium adsorption, this study successfully developed a novel gallium-imprinted resin composite electrode material.
In situ synthesis of highly dispersed catalytic active sites to enhance the catalysis performance
Authors: Suo Ting , Shi Xiang , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Luo Shizhong , Yun Ruirui
Published: September 2024

We report an HN-ZIF-67 catalyst with a large hollow structure and well-dispersed active sites by a facile diffusion-controlled strategy.
Photocatalyst-free regioselective sulfonamidation of N-(2-hydroxyaryl)amides in visible-light
Authors: Rajat  , Rajput Shruti , Grover Nitika , Jain Nidhi
Published: September 2024

In this work, we report a regioselective sulfonamidation of N-(2-hydroxyaryl)amides with iminoiodinanes and iodine in visible light at room temperature.
The kinetics of the polyurethane moisture curing reaction: a combined experimental and DFT mechanistic study
Authors: Zhou Jie , Liu Zhen , Zhu Zhihua , Zeng Zuoxiang , Sun Li
Published: September 2024

An examination of the temporal dynamics of the moisture curing process of polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesives under varied humidity (65–85% RH) and temperature (20–40 °C) was performed via in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
A homoleptic AgIII complex stabilized by succinimidate ligands
Authors: Larsen Emil Mickey Hilligsøe , Brock-Nannestad Theis , Skibsted Jørgen , Reinholdt Anders , Bendix Jesper
Published: September 2024

Herein, the first example of a homoleptic AgIII complex stabilized by a monodentate N-donor ligand is presented.
Controlling wall–particle interactions with activity
Authors: Neville Luke , Eggers Jens , Liverpool Tanniemola B.
Published: September 2024

The interaction between a disk and wall in an active nematic depends on a combination of activity and anchoring, with contractile nematics repelling disks with planar anchoring.
Periodic cylindrical bilayers self-assembled from biblock polymers
Authors: Luo Yongshun , Yang Min , Li Sirui , Di Yana , Cai Yongqiang
Published: September 2024

Amphiphilic polymers in aqueous solutions can self-assemble to form bilayer membranes, and their elastic properties can be captured using the well-known Helfrich model involving several elastic constants.
A computational method for rapid analysis polymer structure and inverse design strategy (RAPSIDY)
Authors: Liao Vinson , Myers Tristan , Jayaraman Arthi
Published: September 2024

We present our computational framework for the rapid analysis of polymer structure and inverse design strategy (RAPSIDY) that enables inverse design of polymers for desired structures by accelerating multiscale structure stability evaluation.
Research on TCN Model Based on SSARF Feature Selection in the Field of Human Behavior Recognition
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Guibo , Deng Shijie
Published: September 2024

Human behavior recognition is the process of automatically identifying and analyzing multiple human behaviors using modern technology. From previous studies, we find that redundant features not only slow down the model training process and increase the structural complexity but also degrade the overall performance of the model. To overcome this problem, this paper investigates a temporal convolutional neural network (TCN) model based on improved sparrow search algorithm random forest (SSARF) feature selection to accurately identify human behavioral traits based on wearable devices. The model is based on the TCN classification model and incorporates a random forest with the sparrow optimization algorithm to perform dimensionality reduction on the original features, which is used to remove poorly correlated and unimportant features and retain effective features with a certain contribution rate to generate the optimal feature subset. In order to verify the reliability of the method, the performance of the model was evaluated on two public datasets, UCI Human Activity Recognition and WISDM, respectively, and 98.54% and 97.83% recognition accuracies were obtained, which were improved by 0.47% and 1.04% compared to the prefeature selection, but the number of features was reduced by 84.31% and 32.50% compared to the original feature set. In addition, we compared the TCN classification model with other deep learning models in terms of evaluation metrics such as F1 score, recall, precision, and accuracy, and the results showed that the TCN model outperformed the other control models in all four metrics. Meanwhile, it also outperforms the existing recognition methods in terms of accuracy and other aspects, which have some practical application value.
Automatic Search of Differential Characteristics and Improved Differential Cryptanalysis for PRINCE, QARMA, and MANTIS
Authors: Cui Yaxin , Xu Hong , Tan Lin , Qi Wenfeng
Published: September 2024

Reflection structure has a significant advantage that realizing decryption and encryption results in minimum additional costs, and many block ciphers tend to adopt such structure to achieve the requirement of low overhead. PRINCE, MANTIS, QARMA, and PRINCEv2 are lightweight block ciphers with reflection feature proposed in recent years. In this paper, we consider the automatic differential cryptanalysis of reflection block ciphers based on Boolean satisfiability (SAT) method. Since reflection block ciphers have different round functions, we extend forward and backward from the middle structure and achieve to accelerate the search of the optimal differential characteristics for such block ciphers with the Matsui’s bounding conditions. As a result, we present the optimal differential characteristics for PRINCE up to 12 rounds (full round), and they are also the optimal characteristics for PRINCEv2. We also find the optimal differential characteristics for MANTIS, QARMA‐64, and QARMA‐128 up to 10, 12, and 8 rounds, respectively. To mount an efficient differential attack on such block ciphers, we present a uniform SAT model by combining the differential characteristic searching process and the key recovery process. With this model, we find two sets of 7‐round differential characteristics for PRINCE with less guessed key bits and use them to present a multiple differential attack against 11‐round PRINCE, which improves the known single‐key attack on PRINCE by one round to our knowledge.
Spectrum distribution‐based blind calibration method of mismatches for time‐interleaved ADCs
Authors: Zhi He , Wang Hui , Jia Minghao , Xie Huanqing , Wu Jianhui
Published: September 2024

This brief proposes a calibration method for offset, gain, and timing‐skew mismatches in time‐interleaved analog‐to‐digital converters. The calibration method includes the estimation method and the correction method. The estimation method is based on the difference between the spectral distribution of the error harmonics and the input signal. The correction method adopts sequential correction. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method calibrated all three mismatches simultaneously and eased the limit for input signals compared with the traditional method.
Structural characterisation for the synthesis of large‐scale combined electric–gas networks
Authors: Birchfield Adam B. , Abu‐Khalifa Yousef
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the authors present a methodology for building realistic synthetic test cases to model combined electric and natural gas infrastructure networks. Because these networks are synthetic, that is, fictitious, they are able to be freely shared; hence, they serve to support research and development in the area of coupled‐infrastructure analysis with large‐scale realistic test cases that do not contain non‐public information. We anchor our process for building these synthetic networks in a structural characterisation of actual electric and natural gas networks. Supply and demand nodes are geographically placed, based on a combination of publicly available information from several sources and a clustering‐based method to match the right fraction of each node type, taking into account the intersection points between the electric and gas grids. Then the networks are connected with pipelines and transmission lines using a systematic graph construction method, validated against network properties including degree distribution, clustering, graph diameter, and degree of planarity, along with operational validation to ensure the simulated solution is realistic. The methodology is demonstrated by creating and validating a test case with 6717 electric buses and 2451 gas nodes.
Stegocrypt: A robust tri‐stage spatial steganography algorithm using TLM encryption and DNA coding for securing digital images
Authors: Alexan Wassim , Mamdouh Eyad , Aboshousha Amr , Alsahafi Youssef S. , Gabr Mohamed , Hosny Khalid M.
Published: September 2024

This research work presents a novel secured spatial steganography algorithm consisting of three stages. In the first stage, a secret message is divided into three parts, each is encrypted using a tan logistic map encryption key with a unique seed value. In the second stage, the encrypted parts are transformed into quick response codes, serving as a layer of channel coding. Subsequently, the quick response codes are decoded back into bit‐streams. To enhance security, a uniquely‐seeded Mersenne Twister key is generated and employed to apply DNA coding onto each bit‐stream. The resulting bit‐streams are then embedded in the least significant bits of the RGB channels of a cover image. Finally, the RGB channels are merged to form a single stego image. A comprehensive set of experimental analyses is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed secure steganography algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the algorithm's robustness against various attacks and its ability to achieve high embedding capacity while maintaining imperceptibility. The proposed algorithm offers a promising solution for secure information hiding in the spatial domain, with potential applications in areas such as data transmission, digital forensics, and covert communication.
Early photometric and spectroscopic observations of the extraordinarily bright INTEGRAL-detected GRB 221009A
Authors: Sánchez-Ramírez R. , Lang R. G. , Pozanenko A. , Martínez-Huerta H. , Hu Y.-D. , Pandey S. B. , Gupta R. , Ror A. K. , Zhang B.-B. , Caballero-García M. D. , Oates S. R. , Pérez-García I. , Guziy S. , Fernández-García E. J. , Wu S.-Y. , Almeida L. , Aryan A. , Belkin S. , Bom C. R. , Butner M. , Burkhonov O. , Carrasco-García I. , Castellón A. , Castro Tirado M. A. , Chelovekov I. , Egamberdiyev Sh. A. , García-Benito R. , García González S. A. , Grebenev S. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Klunko E. , Makler M. , Minaev P. , Mkrtchyan A. , Moskvitin A. , Navarete F. , Novichonok A. , Pankov N. , Passas-Varo M. , Pérez del Pulgar C. , Reina Terol A. , Smith J. A. , Tinyanont S. , Tucker D. L. , Uklein R. , Volnova A. , Wiesner M. P. , Gritsevich M. , Castro-Tirado A. J.
Published: September 2024

Context. GRB 221009A, initially detected as an X-ray transient by Swift, was later revealed to have triggered the Fermi satellite about an hour earlier, marking it as a post-peak observation of the event’s emission. This GRB distinguished itself as the brightest ever recorded, presenting an unparalleled opportunity to probe the complexities of GRB physics. The unprecedented brightness, however, challenged observation efforts, as it led to the saturation of several high-energy instruments.

Aims. Our study seeks to investigate the nature of the INTEGRAL-detected GRB 221009A and elucidate the environmental conditions conducive to these exceptionally powerful bursts. Moreover, we aim to understand the fundamental physics illuminated by the detection of teraelectronvolt (TeV) photons emitted by GRB 221009A.

Methods. We conducted detailed analyses of early photometric and spectroscopic observations that span from the Fermi trigger through to the initial days following the prompt emission phase in order to characterize GRB 221009A’s afterglow, and we complemented these analyses with a comparative study.

Results. Our findings from analyzing INTEGRAL data confirm GRB 221009A as the most energetic event observed to date. Early optical observations during the prompt phase negate the presence of bright optical emissions with internal or external shock origins. Spectroscopic analyses enabled us to measure GRB 221009A’s distance and line-of-sight properties. The afterglow’s temporal and spectral analysis suggests prolonged activity of the central engine and a transition in the circumburst medium’s density. Finally, we discuss the implications for fundamental physics of detecting photons as energetic as 18 TeV from GRB 221009A.

Conclusions. Early optical observations have proven invaluable for distinguishing between the potential origins of optical emissions in GRB 221009A, underscoring their utility in GRB physics studies. However, the rarity of such data underscores the need for dedicated telescopes capable of synchronous multiwavelength observations. Additionally, our analysis suggests that the host galaxies of TeV GRBs share commonalities with those of long and short GRBs. Expanding the sample of TeV GRBs could further solidify these findings.
Searching for the mHz variability in the TESS observations of nova-like cataclysmic variables
Authors: Dobrotka A. , Magdolen J. , Janíková D.
Published: September 2024

Aims. We investigated the fast optical variability of selected nova-like cataclysmic variables observed by the TESS satellite. We searched for break frequencies (fb) in the corresponding power density spectra (PDS). The goal is to study whether these systems in an almost permanent high optical state exhibit preferred fb around 1 mHz.

Methods. We selected non-interrupted light curve portions with durations of 5 and 10 days. We divided these portions into ten equally long light curve subsamples and calculated mean PDS. We searched for fb in the frequency interval from log(f/Hz) = −3.5 to −2.4. We defined as a positive detection when the fb was present in at least 50% of the light curve portions with a predefined minimum number of detections.

Results. We have measured fb in 15 nova-like systems and confirmed that the value of this frequency is clustered around 1 mHz with a maximum of the distribution between log(f/Hz) = −2.95 and −2.84. The confidence that this maximum is not a random feature of a uniform distribution is at least 96%. This is a considerable improvement on the previous value of 69%. We discuss the origin of these fb in the context of the sandwich model in which a central hot X-ray corona surrounds a central optically thick disc. This scenario could be supported by a correlation between the white dwarf mass and fb; the larger the mass, the lower the frequency. We see such a tendency in the measured data; however, the data are too scattered and based on a low number of measurements. Finally, it appears that systems with detected fb have a lower inclination than 60–75°. In higher-inclination binaries, the central disc is not seen and the PDS is dominated by red noise. This also supports the inner disc regions as being the source of the observed fb.
Distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in soil in the Yellow River Basin (Heze - Tai 'an section)
Authors: Yao Qiang , Feng Yingming , Zang Hao , Kong Fanfei , Gao Shengyuan , Fang Zhaotong
Published: September 2024

The presence of heavy metals in soil significantly impacts human agriculture and livelihood. The Yellow Rive plays a crucial role in the country's economic and social development as well as ecological security within its basin. After conducting measurements on the distribution of heavy metals As, Hg, Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr in the soil of Heze - Tai 'an section of the Yellow River Basin, the degree of soil heavy metal pollution in the investigation area was analyzed and evaluated using potential ecological risk index. The anal- ysis revealed that the concentration ranges of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, As and Hg were 0.054-1.109, 22.40-427.28, 6.00-108.40, 9-58.1, 1.5-46.8 and 0.002-0.706 mg/kg, respectively. The average value of the individual eco- logical risk index is in the following order: Cd > As > Hg > Cu > Pb > Cr. The ecological risk of Cu, Pb and Cr is low, while the risk of Cd and As is moderate, which is mainly caused by coal mining and chemical enterprises.
Research status and prospect of microplastics in ship grey water
Authors: Ma Qianchi , Li Desheng , Wang Hongyan , Wang Zheng , Chen Rongchang , Lu Dong
Published: September 2024

This paper deeply discusses the microplastic pollution of ship gray water which is getting more and more attention at present. This paper begins with an overview of the potential sources of microplastics and the current management measures. Then, the research progress on the qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques of Marine gray water microplastics, Marine input estimation and type distribution of microplastics in domestic and foreign literature is reviewed in detail. On this basis, the paper puts forward suggestions for future research directions, including establishing the analysis method of gray water composition based on actual ships, strengthening the research on the basic data of microplastics, formulating the inventory of gray water microplastics discharge from ships, and promoting the improvement and development of the control policy of gray water discharge from ships. These suggestions aim to provide scientific basis and strategic guidance for the treatment of ships' grey water microplastics pollution.
Application and Development of Hydraulic Steel Structure Safety Information Management System in Pumped Storage Hydropower
Authors: Qin Fang , Xia Yunqiu , Zhu Yesen , Cheng Tanghua
Published: September 2024

In the context of the current energy structure transition and the rapid advancement of clean energy, the reliability of hydraulic steel structure equipment plays a crucial role in the stable operation and efficiency improvement of pumped storage hydroelectric power stations. With technological advancements, strengthening the digital management of hydraulic steel structures has become a focal point in the industry's development. This paper takes the "JinZhi" system developed by the PowerChina HuaDong Engineering Corporation Limited as an example to deeply explore the practical application of hydraulic steel structure safety information management system and its significant role in enhancing operational efficiency and safety. By analyzing industry development trends, the paper reveals the challenges and potential opportunities encountered during digital transformation and proposes targeted recommendations for future development direction. The research demonstrates that the integrated application of information technology can effectively improve the management quality and safety level of hydraulic steel structures, ensuring the efficient and stable operation of power stations, and providing valuable insights for similar industries aiming to achieve digital transformation.
Research on Parameter Identification of Lithiumion Batteries Based on Improved SCE Algorithm
Authors: Yang Hongtao , Tao Luan
Published: September 2024

Evaluating the charging status of power batteries is very important in battery management systems, and the accuracy and parameter identification of battery models are crucial for it. Using DST and FUDS lithium-ion battery dynamic mode datasets for simulation verification, and comparing with particle swarm optimization algorithm, grey wolf algorithm, and genetic algorithm. The simulation results show that this method has advantages in recognition accuracy, with an average quadratic error of 0.0166V for parameter recognition. Compared with other optimization algorithms, it decreased by 7.8%, 8.3%, and 14.9% respectively.