bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study on Modeling and Local Characteristics of a Predetermined Freak Wave
Authors: Deng Yanfei , Zhu Cuizhi , Wang Zixuan
Published: May 2023

A numerical study on the modeling and local characteristics of a predetermined freak wave has been conducted with Computational Fluid Dynamics method. Following the available experimental investigations, a numerical wave tank was accordingly set up based on openfoam source packets. The experimental flap-type wave-maker motion was employed directly to reproduce a specific freak wave. The effects of mesh scheme on freak wave modeling were investigated in depth. Reasonable agreements were achieved between the numerical and experimental results. The wavelet transform method was applied to demonstrate the energy structures of freak wave trains. Special attentions were paid to the particle velocities as well as the dynamic pressure. The results showed that insufficient mesh resolutions could probably result in energy dissipations and phase errors of high-frequency wave components during wave propagations which in turn lead to the shifts of focal positions of freak waves. The particle velocities near the wave crest are extremely large, indicating possible severe wave breaking and impact loads. The theoretical values of similar-shape regular waves could considerably underestimate the particle velocities of freak waves.
An Application of Machine Learning Algorithms on the Prediction of the Damage Level of Rubble-Mound Breakwaters
Authors: Saha Susmita , De Soumen , Changdar Satyasaran
Published: May 2023

The stability analysis of breakwaters is very important to have a safe and economic design of these coastal protective structures and the damage level is one of the most important parameters in this context. In the recent past, machine learning techniques showed immense potential in transforming many industries and processes, for making them more efficient and accurate. In this study, five advanced machine learning algorithms, support vector regression, random forest, Adaboost, gradient boosting, and deep artificial neural network, were employed and analyzed on estimation of the damage level of rubble-mound breakwaters. A large experimental dataset, considering almost every stability variable with their whole ranges, was used in this purpose. Also, a detailed feature analysis is presented to have an insight into the relations between these variables. It was found that the present study had overcome all of the limitations of existing studies related to this field and delivered the highest level of accuracy.
Nonimaging Behavior of Circular Trough Concentrators With Tubular Receivers
Authors: Timpano Matteo , Cooper Thomas A.
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the optical performance of circular trough concentrators with tubular receivers. First, a simple analytical formula for the achievable geometric concentration ratio as a function of the rim angle and acceptance angle is developed. Notably, the development reveals the existence of three distinct concentration ratio regimes: a first regime where the receiver is sized based on the reflection of the edge rays from the rim alone, a second regime where the receiver is sized based on the rim and the edge ray caustics, and a third regime where two reflections from the mirror are permitted. Several exemplary designs are proposed and further analyzed using Monte Carlo ray tracing to obtain transmission angle curves and receiver flux distributions. For an acceptance angle of 1 deg, the circular trough concentrator with circular receiver is found to achieve a maximum geometric concentration ratio of 7.695× with a peak flux of 30 suns. For large acceptance angles (10 deg), the circular trough achieves a geometric concentration ratio as high as 82% of that of a parabolic trough. This noteworthy performance, along with the fact that a circular mirror is amenable to an inflated polymer construction, makes this configuration promising for low-cost, low-concentration solar thermal applications.
A method to address beam cross coupling errors in phased array
Doppler sonar
Authors: Jia Kuankuan , Tong Hui , Hong Feng , Xu Weijie , Ma Li
Published: May 2023

Performance of Doppler sonar is degraded by beam cross coupling errors. This performance degradation presents itself as the loss of precision and bias of velocity estimates output by the system. A model is proposed here to reveal the physical essence of the beam cross coupling. Specifically, the model can analyze the effects of environmental conditions and vehicle attitude on the coupling bias. Based on this model, a phase assignment method is also proposed to reduce the beam cross coupling bias. The results obtained for various settings validate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Molecular basis of translation termination at noncanonical stop codons in human mitochondria
Authors: Saurer Martin , Leibundgut Marc , Nadimpalli Hima Priyanka , Scaiola Alain , Schönhut Tanja , Lee Richard G. , Siira Stefan J. , Rackham Oliver , Dreos René , Lenarčič Tea , Kummer Eva , Gatfield David , Filipovska Aleksandra , Ban Nenad
Published: May 2023

The genetic code that specifies the identity of amino acids incorporated into proteins during protein synthesis is almost universally conserved. Mitochondrial genomes feature deviations from the standard genetic code, including the reassignment of two arginine codons to stop codons. The protein required for translation termination at these noncanonical stop codons to release the newly synthesized polypeptides is not currently known. In this study, we used gene editing and ribosomal profiling in combination with cryo–electron microscopy to establish that mitochondrial release factor 1 (mtRF1) detects noncanonical stop codons in human mitochondria by a previously unknown mechanism of codon recognition. We discovered that binding of mtRF1 to the decoding center of the ribosome stabilizes a highly unusual conformation in the messenger RNA in which the ribosomal RNA participates in specific recognition of the noncanonical stop codons.
Resetting tolerance in autoimmune disease
Authors: Muraro Paolo A.
Published: May 2023

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is effective, but mechanisms are elusive
The chemical ecology of locust cannibalism
Authors: Couzin Iain D. , Couzin-Fuchs Einat
Published: May 2023

An anticannibalistic signaling pathway offers a new understanding of locust swarm formation
Bacillus subtilis, a Swiss Army Knife in Science and Biotechnology
Authors: Stülke Jörg , Grüppen Anika , Bramkamp Marc , Pelzer Stefan
Published: May 2023

Next toEscherichia coli,Bacillus subtilisis the most studied and best understood organism that also serves as a model for many important pathogens. Due to its ability to form heat-resistant spores that can germinate even after very long periods of time,B. subtilishas attracted much scientific interest.
Coding-Complete Genome Sequences of G6P[14] Rotavirus Strain Detected in a Human Stool Specimen within the United States
Authors: Casey-Moore Mary C. , Mijatovic-Rustempasic Slavica , Jaimes Jose , Perkins Charity , Riley Ann Marie , Cortese Margaret M. , Gautam Rashi , Bowen Michael D.
Published: May 2023

In this study, we report the detection of a G6P[14] rotavirus strain from a human stool sample within the United States. The full genotype constellation of the G6P[14] strain was identified as G6-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3.
Gut Microbiota and Acylcarnitine Metabolites Connect the Beneficial Association between Estrogen and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: Guo Mengmeng , Cao Xi , Ji De , Xiong Hui , Zhang Ting , Wu Yujiang , Suo Langda , Pan Menghao , Brugger Daniel , Chen Yulin , Zhang Ke , Ma Baohua
Published: May 2023

Our findings establish a role for gut microbes in the progression of estrogen deficiency-induced lipid metabolism disorders and reveal key target bacteria that may have the potential to regulate acylcarnitine synthesis. These findings suggest a possible route for the use of microbes or acylcarnitine to regulate disorders of lipid metabolism induced by estrogen deficiency.
Omadacycline, Eravacycline, and Tigecycline Express Anti-Mycobacterium abscessus Activity
In Vitro
Authors: Li Anqi , He Siyuan , Li Jingren , Zhang Zhemin , Li Bing , Chu Haiqing
Published: May 2023

The antimicrobial activities of four third-generation tetracycline-class drugs, omadacycline (OMC), eravacycline (ERC), tigecycline (TGC), and sarecycline (SAC), were determined for 193
M. abscessus
isolates. The activities of the four drugs at two different temperatures (30°C and 37°C) were also tested.
Blapstin, a Diapause-Specific Peptide-Like Peptide from the Chinese Medicinal Beetle
Blaps rhynchopetera
, Has Antifungal Function
Authors: Zhang La-Mei , Yang Min , Zhou Sheng-Wen , Zhang Hao , Feng Ying , Shi Lei , Li Dong-Sheng , Lu Qiu-Min , Zhang Zhong-He , Zhao Min
Published: May 2023

Candida albicans
is one of the conditional pathogenic fungi causing severe nosocomial infections.
Trichophyton rubrum
and other skin fungi are the main pathogens of superficial cutaneous fungal diseases, especially in children and the elderly. At present, antibiotics such as amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and fluconazole are the main drugs for the clinical treatment of
C. albicans
and
T. rubrum
infections.
Dual RNA-Seq Profiling Unveils Mycoparasitic Activities of
Trichoderma atroviride
against Haploid
Armillaria ostoyae
in Antagonistic Interaction Assays
Authors: Chen Liqiong , Champramary Simang , Sahu Neha , Indic Boris , Szűcs Attila , Nagy Gábor , Maróti Gergely , Pap Bernadett , Languar Omar , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Nagy László G. , Kredics László , Sipos György
Published: May 2023

Armillaria species can survive for decades in the soil on dead woody debris, develop rapidly under favorable conditions, and harmfully infect newly planted forests. Our previous study found
Trichoderma atroviride
to be highly effective in controlling
Armillaria
growth; therefore, our current work explored the molecular mechanisms that might play a key role in
Trichoderma-Armillaria
interactions.
Heme Oxygenase-1 and Its Metabolites Carbon Monoxide and Biliverdin, but Not Iron, Exert Antiviral Activity against Porcine Circovirus Type 3
Authors: Hou Lei , Yang Xiaoyu , Liu Changzhe , Guo Jinshuo , Shi Yongyan , Sun Tong , Feng Xufei , Zhou Jianwei , Liu Jue
Published: May 2023

The regulation of host protein expression by virus infection is the key to facilitating self-replication. As an important emerging pathogen of swine, clarification of the interaction between PCV3 infection and the host enables us to understand the viral life cycle and pathogenesis better.
Measuring Oxygenation in Newborn Infants with Targeted Oxygen Ranges (MONITOR): a randomised crossover pilot study
Authors: Christie Fraser G , Kelly Rod , Boardman James P , Stenson Ben J
Published: May 2023

Objective

The Neonatal Oxygenation Prospective Meta-analysis (NeOProM) Collaboration showed that high (91–95%) versus low (85–89%) SpO2targets reduced mortality. Trials of higher targets are needed to determine whether any more survival advantage may be gained. This pilot study explored the achieved oxygenation patterns observed when targeting SpO292–97% to facilitate the design of future trials.

Design

Single-centre prospective randomised crossover pilot study. Manual FiO2adjustment. Study time 12 hours per infant. 6 hours targeting SpO290–95% and 6 hours targeting SpO292–97%.

Patients

Twenty preterm infants born <29 weeks’ gestation, greater than 48 hours old, receiving supplemental oxygen.

Outcomes

Primary outcome was percentage time with SpO2above 97% and below 90%. Pre-defined secondary outcomes included percentage time spent within, above or below transcutaneous PO2(TcPO2) 6.7–10.7 kPa (50–80 mm Hg). Comparisons were made using paired-samples t-test (2-tailed).

Results

With SpO2target 92–97% versus 90–95%, the mean (IQR) percentage time above SpO297% was 11.3% (2.7–20.9) versus 7.8% (1.7–13.9), p=0.02. Percentage time with SpO2<90% was 13.1% (6.7–19.1) versus 17.9% (11.1–22.4), p=0.003. Percentage time with SpO2<80% was 1% (0.1–1.4) versus 1.6% (0.4–2.6), p=0.119. Percentage time with TcPO2<6.7 kPa (50 mm Hg) was 49.6% (30.2–66.0) versus 55% (34.3–73.5), p=0.63. Percentage time above TcPO210.7 kPa (80 mm Hg) was 1.4% (0–1.4) versus 1.8% (0–0), p=0.746.

Conclusions

Targeting SpO292–97% produced a right shift in SpO2and TcPO2distribution, with reduced time at SpO2<90% and increased time at SpO2>97%, without increasing time with TcPO2>10.7 kPa (80 mm Hg). Clinical trials targeting this higher SpO2range could be conducted without significant hyperoxic exposure.

Trial registration number

NCT03360292.
Recommendations for developing effective and safe paediatric and congenital heart disease services in low-income and middle-income countries: a public health framework
Authors: Hasan Babar S , Bhatti Areesh , Mohsin Shazia , Barach Paul , Ahmed Eltayeb , Ali Sulafa , Amanullah Muneer , Ansong Annette , Banu Tahmina , Beaton Andrea , Bolman Ralph Morton , Borim Bruna Cury , Breinholt John P , Callus Edward , Caputo Massimo , Cardarelli Marcelo , Hernandez Tomas Chalela , Croti Ulisses Alexandre , Ejigu Yayehyirad M , Fenton Kathleen , Gomanju Anu , Harahsheh Ashraf S , Hesslein Peter , Hugo-Hamman Christopher , Khan Sohail , Kpodonu Jacques , Kumar Raman Krishna , Jenkins Kathy J , Lakhoo Kokila , Malik Mahim , Nichani Sanjiv , Novick William M , Overman David , Quenot Alexis Palacios-Macedo , Patton Bolman Ceeya , Pearson Dorothy , Raju Vijayakumar , Ross Shelagh , Sandoval Nestor F , Sholler Gary , Sharma Rajesh , Shidhika Fenny , Sivalingam Sivakumar , Verstappen Amy , Vervoort Dominique , Zühlke Liesl J , Zheleva Bistra
Published: May 2023

The globalburdenof paediatric and congenital heart disease (PCHD) is substantial. We propose a novel public health framework with recommendations for developing effective and safe PCHD services in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This framework was created by the Global Initiative for Children’s Surgery Cardiac Surgery working group in collaboration with a group of international rexperts in providing paediatric and congenital cardiac care to patients with CHD and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in LMICs. Effective and safe PCHD care is inaccessible to many, and there is no consensus on the best approaches to provide meaningful access in resource-limited settings, where it is often needed the most. Considering the high inequity in access to care for CHD and RHD, we aimed to create an actionable framework for health practitioners, policy makers and patients that supports treatment and prevention. It was formulated based on rigorous evaluation of available guidelines and standards of care and builds on a consensus process about the competencies needed at each step of the care continuum. We recommend a tier-based framework for PCHD care integrated within existing health systems. Each level of care is expected to meet minimum benchmarks and ensure high-quality and family centred care. We propose that cardiac surgery capabilities should only be developed at the more advanced levels on hospitals that have an established foundation of cardiology and cardiac surgery services, including screening, diagnostics, inpatient and outpatient care, postoperative care and cardiac catheterisation. This approach requires a quality control system and close collaboration between the different levels of care to facilitate the journey and care of every child with heart disease. This effort was designed to guide readers and leaders in taking action, strengthening capacity, evaluating impact, advancing policy and engaging in partnerships to guide facilities providing PCHD care in LMICs.
Early markers of neurodevelopmental disorders based on general movements for very preterm infants: study protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study in a clinical setting in China
Authors: Wang Jun , Shen Xiushu , Yang Hong , Li Zhihua , Liang Shuyi , Wu Furong , Tang Xinglu , Mao Xujie , He Minsi , Xu Fengdan , Li Xueyan , Li Chengmei , Qian Shuangshuang , Zhu Xiaoyun , Meng Fanzhe , Wu Yun , Gao Herong , Cao Jiayan , Yin Huanhuan , Wang Yin , Huang Yanxiang
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Very preterm (VPT) infants may experience varying degrees of neurodevelopmental challenges. Lack of early markers for neurodevelopmental disorders may delay referral to early interventions. The detailed General Movements Assessment (GMA) could help us to identify early markers for VPT infants at risk of atypical neurodevelopmental clinical phenotype in the very early stage of life as soon as possible. Preterm infants with high risk of atypical neurodevelopmental outcomes will have the best possible start to life if early precise intervention in critical developmental windows is allowed.

Methods and analysis

This is a nationwide, multicentric prospective cohort study that will recruit 577 infants born <32 weeks of age. This study will determine the diagnostic value of the developmental trajectory of general movements (GMs) at writhing and fidgety age with qualitative assessment for different atypical developmental outcomes at 2 years evaluated by the Griffiths Development Scales-Chinese. The difference in the General Movement Optimality Score (GMOS) will be used to distinguish normal (N), poor repertoire (PR) and cramped sychronised (CS) GMs. We plan to build the percentile rank of GMOS (median, 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentile rank) in N, PR and CS of each global GM category and analyse the relationship between GMOS in writhing movements and Motor Optimality Score (MOS) in fidgety movements based on the detailed GMA. We explore the subcategories of the GMOS list, and MOS list that may identify specific early markers that help us to identify and predict different clinical phenotypes and functional outcomes in VPT infants.

Ethics and dissemination

The central ethical approval has been confirmed from the Research Ethical Board of Children’s Hospital of Fudan University (ref approval no. 2022(029)) and the local ethical approval has been also obtained by the corresponding ethics committees of the recruitment sites. Critical analysis of the study results will contribute to providing a basis for hierarchical management and precise intervention for preterm infants in very early life.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2200064521.
In vitro comparison of middle meningeal artery embolization with Squid liquid embolic agent and Contour polyvinyl alcohol particles
Authors: Sadasivan Chander , Dashti Nakisa , Marfoglio Samantha , Fiorella David
Published: May 2023

Background

Liquid embolic agents and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles have been used for the embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) for the treatment of chronic subdural hematomas. However, the vascular penetration and distribution of these embolic agents have not yet been compared. The current study compares distribution of a liquid embolic agent (Squid) to PVA particles (Contour) in an in vitro model of the MMA.

Methods

MMA models were embolized with Contour PVA particles 45–150 µm, Contour PVA particles 150–250 µm, and Squid-18 liquid embolic agent (n=5 each). The models were scanned and every vascular segment with embolic agent was manually marked on the images. Embolized vascular length as a percentage of control, average embolized vascular diameter, and embolization time were compared between the groups.

Results

The 150–250 µm Contour particles primarily accumulated close to the microcatheter tip, yielding proximal branch occlusions. The 45–150 µm Contour particles achieved a more distal distribution, but in a patchy segmental pattern. However, the models embolized with Squid-18 had a consistently distal, near-complete and homogenous distribution. Embolized vascular length was significantly higher (76±13% vs 5±3%, P=0.0007) and average embolized vessel diameter was significantly smaller (405±25 µm vs 775±225 µm, P=0.0006) with Squid than with Contour. Embolization time with Squid was also lower (2.8±2.4 min vs 6.4±2.7 min, P=0.09).

Conclusions

Squid-18 liquid results in a considerably more consistent, distal and homogeneous pattern of embolysate distribution than Contour PVA particles in an anatomical model of the MMA tree.
Cooling vest improves surgeons’ thermal comfort without affecting cognitive performance: a randomised cross-over trial
Authors: Byrne Jill E , Rodriguez-Patarroyo Fabio Andres , Mascha Edward J , Han Yanyan , Bravo Mauro , Bloomfield Michael R , Rao Stephen M , Sessler Daniel I
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Surgeons become uncomfortable while performing surgery because heat transfer and evaporative cooling are restricted by insulating surgical gowns. Consequently, perceptions of thermal discomfort during surgery may impair cognitive performance. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate surgeons’ thermal comfort, cognitive performance, core and mean skin temperatures, perceptions of sweat-soaked clothing, fatigue and exertion with and without a CoolSource cooling vest (Cardinal Health, Dublin, Ohio, USA).

Methods

Thirty orthopaedic surgeons participated in a randomised cross-over trial, each performing four total-joint arthroplasties with randomisation to one of four treatment sequences. The effects of cooling versus no cooling were measured using a repeated-measures linear model accounting for within-subject correlations.

Results

The cooling vest improved thermal comfort by a mean (95% CI) of −2.1 (–2.7 to –1.6) points on a 0–10 scale, p<0.001, with no evidence of treatment-by-period interaction (p=0.94). In contrast, cooling had no perceptible effect on cognition, with an estimated mean difference (95% CI) in Cleveland Clinic Cognitive Battery (C3B) Processing Speed Test score of 0.03 (95% CI –2.44 to 2.51), p=0.98, or in C3B Visual Memory Test score with difference of 0.88 (95% CI –2.25 to 4.01), p=0.57. Core temperature was not lower with the cooling vest, with mean difference (95% CI) of −0.13 (–0.33°C to 0.07°C), p=0.19, while mean skin temperature was lower, with mean difference of −0.23 (95% CI –0.40°C to –0.06°C) lower, p=0.011. The cooling vest significantly reduced surgeons’ perceptions of sweat-soaked clothing, fatigue and exertion.

Conclusions

A cooling vest worn during surgery lowered core and skin temperatures, improved thermal comfort, and decreased perceptions of sweating and fatigue, but did not improve cognition. Thermal discomfort during major orthopaedic surgery is thus largely preventable, but cooling does not affect cognition.

Trial registration number

NCT04511208.
Health, economic and social burden of tobacco in Latin America and the expected gains of fully implementing taxes, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments control measures: a modelling study
Authors: Pichon-Riviere Andrés , Bardach Ariel , Rodríguez Cairoli Federico , Casarini Agustín , Espinola Natalia , Perelli Lucas , Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam , Llorente Blanca , Pinto Marcia , Saenz De Miera Juárez Belén , Villacres Tatiana , Peña Torres Esperanza , Amador Nydia , Loza César , Castillo-Riquelme Marianela , Roberti Javier , Augustovski Federico , Alcaraz Andrea , Palacios Alfredo
Published: May 2023

Objective

To investigate the tobacco-attributable burden on disease, medical costs, productivity losses and informal caregiving; and to estimate the health and economic gains that can be achieved if the main tobacco control measures (raising taxes on tobacco, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments) are fully implemented in eight countries that encompass 80% of the Latin American population.

Design

Markov probabilistic microsimulation economic model of the natural history, costs and quality of life associated with the main tobacco-related diseases. Model inputs and data on labour productivity, informal caregivers’ burden and interventions’ effectiveness were obtained through literature review, surveys, civil registrations, vital statistics and hospital databases. Epidemiological and economic data from January to October 2020 were used to populate the model.

Findings

In these eight countries, smoking is responsible each year for 351 000 deaths, 2.25 million disease events, 12.2 million healthy years of life lost, US$22.8 billion in direct medical costs, US$16.2 billion in lost productivity and US$10.8 billion in caregiver costs. These economic losses represent 1.4% of countries’ aggregated gross domestic products. The full implementation and enforcement of the four strategies: taxes, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments would avert 271 000, 78 000, 71 000 and 39 000 deaths, respectively, in the next 10 years, and result in US$63.8, US$12.3, US$11.4 and US$5.7 billions in economic gains, respectively, on top of the benefits being achieved today by the current level of implementation of these measures.

Conclusions

Smoking represents a substantial burden in Latin America. The full implementation of tobacco control measures could successfully avert deaths and disability, reduce healthcare spending and caregiver and productivity losses, likely resulting in large net economic benefits.
Quantum gravity constraints on fine structure constant from GUP in braneworlds
Authors: Lemos A. S. , Brito F. A.
Published: May 2023

The Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) has been discussed in the thick braneworld scenario. By considering Rydberg atoms in this background, we show that the spacetime geometry affects Maxwell equations inducing an effective dielectric constant on the space. In its turn, the corrected Coulomb potential by the gravitational interaction yields a deviation on the 3-dimensional Bohr radius. Then, we compute the corrections on the fine structure constant owing to the GUP in higher-dimensional spacetime. We also found constraints for the deformation parameter $$\beta $$
β
and D-dimensional Planck length $$l_{D}$$

l
D

by comparing the predicted deviations with the recent empirical data of the fine structure constant. We compute the intermediate length scale, which in principle may be larger than the Planck length scale. It is conjectured that below such scale Quantum Gravity effects should take place.
Generative adversarial networks to infer velocity components in rotating turbulent flows
Authors: Li Tianyi , Buzzicotti Michele , Biferale Luca , Bonaccorso Fabio
Published: May 2023

Inference problems for two-dimensional snapshots of rotating turbulent flows are studied. We perform a systematic quantitative benchmark of point-wise and statistical reconstruction capabilities of the linear Extended Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (EPOD) method, a nonlinear Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). We attack the important task of inferring one velocity component out of the measurement of a second one, and two cases are studied: (I) both components lay in the plane orthogonal to the rotation axis and (II) one of the two is parallel to the rotation axis. We show that EPOD method works well only for the former case where both components are strongly correlated, while CNN and GAN always outperform EPOD both concerning point-wise and statistical reconstructions. For case (II), when the input and output data are weakly correlated, all methods fail to reconstruct faithfully the point-wise information. In this case, only GAN is able to reconstruct the field in a statistical sense. The analysis is performed using both standard validation tools based on $$L_2$$

L
2

spatial distance between the prediction and the ground truth and more sophisticated multi-scale analysis using wavelet decomposition. Statistical validation is based on standard Jensen–Shannon divergence between the probability density functions, spectral properties and multi-scale flatness.

Graphical abstract
Scaling of fronts and entanglement spreading during a domain wall melting
Authors: Scopa Stefano , Karevski Dragi
Published: May 2023

We revisit the out-of-equilibrium physics arising during the unitary evolution of a one-dimensional XXZ spin chain initially prepared in a domain wall state $$\vert \psi _0\rangle =\vert \dots \uparrow \uparrow \downarrow \downarrow \dots \rangle$$

|

ψ
0

⟩
=
|
⋯
↑
↑
↓
↓
⋯
⟩

. In absence of interactions, we review the exact lattice calculation of several conserved quantities, including e.g. the magnetization and the spin current profiles. At large distances x and times t, we show how these quantities allow for a ballistic scaling behavior in terms of the scaling variable $$\zeta = x/t$$

ζ
=
x
/
t

, with exactly computable scaling functions. In such a limit of large space-time scales, we show that the asymptotic behavior of the system is suitably captured by the local occupation function of spinless fermionic modes, whose semi-classical evolution in phase space is given by a Euler hydrodynamic equation. Similarly, analytical results for the asymptotic fronts dynamics are obtained for the interacting chain via Generalized Hydrodynamics. In the last part of the work, we include large-scale quantum fluctuations on top of the semi-classical hydrodynamic background in the form of a conformal field theory that lives along the evolving Fermi contour. With this procedure, dubbed quantum generalized hydrodynamics, it is possible to obtain exact asymptotic results for the entanglement spreading during the melting dynamics.
Thermodynamical study of black hole with cloud of strings and quintessence in the 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet context
Authors: Shah Hassan , Shah Hasrat Hussain , Ahmad Zahid , Hussain Sardar Muhammad , Khan Abdul Quayam
Published: May 2023

This paper explores the effects of cloud of strings and quintessence on the thermodynamic features of the 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) Black Hole (BH). For this purpose, we have evaluated temperature, entropy, Gibb’s free energy and heat capacity of the 4D EGB BH in the presence of cloud of strings and quintessence. We have also shown the graphical behavior of all these physical quantities for various values of Gauss–Bonnet term [Formula: see text], quintessence [Formula: see text], equation of state parameter [Formula: see text] and cloud of string [Formula: see text].
Analytical Solution and Buckling of Hemi-Ellipsoidal Shell Structures of Revolution under Uniformly Distributed Load
Authors: Chanto Kasan , Pulngern Tawich , Tangbanjongkij Chanachai , Jiammeepreecha Weeraphan , Chucheepsakul Somchai
Published: May 2023

This paper focuses on the analytical procedure for determining novel exact expressions for internal forces and displacements of hemi-ellipsoidal shells formed as an axisymmetric shell of revolution under uniformly distributed load such as imposed loads. The simplest form of expressions for solutions is derived based on the linear membrane theory under symmetrical loading that is formed as a shell of revolution. The results have been validated and have a good consistency with numerical solutions from the finite-element method (FEM) which are derived based on the principle of virtual work and differential geometry. The obtained analytical exact solution is only valid for small displacements or if the response does not exceed the linearity limit. In cases of large displacements, geometrical nonlinear finite-element analysis is recommended to determine the solution. The linearity limit determination is demonstrated, and the effects of shells’ geometry, thickness, and magnitude of applied loads are presented. Additionally, the linear buckling analysis has been performed. The study found that the size ratio, thickness, and support condition have a significant effect on the critical load of the first mode, and the hemispherical shells have the highest buckling resistance due to the geometry.
Post-synthetic DNA modification with porphyrins for DNA-templated supramolecular assemblies
Authors: Nikolaou Vasilis , Wood James W. , Charalambidis Georgios , Coutsolelos Athanassios , Stulz Eugen
Published: May 2023

The use of azide-alkyne cycloaddition (“click chemistry”), both Cu-catalysed and Cu-free, was probed to attach different porphyrins onto oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), and the efficiency was compared to amide coupling reaction. Terminal attachment using the different methodologies provides porphyrin-ODNs in varying yields, and the porphyrin-ODNs can be transformed into multiporphyrin arrays using DNA-templated assembly. These arrays show exciton coupling between the porphyrin units and thus demonstrate an efficient and alternative route to multiporphyrin assemblies.
Design of Mechanical Auxetic Metamaterial for Heterogeneous Assembly, Programmable Periodic Porous Elastomer Structures
Authors: Liu Yuheng , Shu Dong-Wei , Lu Haibao
Published: May 2023

With the development of metamaterials, programmable and assembled auxetic structures have attracted extensive attention due to their unusual mechanical behaviors. In this study, we design a 3D printed metamaterial structure with significantly improved stress and programmable auxetic behavior by means of the cooperativity of viscoelastic and elastic materials. The effects of porosity, temperature, the shape of pore and Young’s modulus of the elastic material on the mechanical behavior of 3D printed metamaterial have been characterized using finite element method (FEM) analysis and experimental measurements. The constitutive relationships between stress, strain, porosity and the shape of pore have been formulated to explore the working principles of these parameters in the mechanical performances.
Retractive nil-extensions of completely regular semirings
Authors: Kapuria Uma , Maity S. K. , Mitra B.
Published: May 2023

We extend the concept of nil-extensions and retractive nil-extensions of different classes of semigroups to semirings and find a semiring analog of structure theorems on nil-extensions of different classes of additively regular semirings.
Enabling Cost-effective Wireless Data Collection by Piggybacking on Delivery Drones in Agriculture
Authors: Xiang Chaocan , Cheng Wenhui , Zheng Xiao , Wu Tao , Fan Xiaochen , Wang Yingjie , Zhou Yanlin , Xiao Fu
Published: May 2023

Drones have drawn considerable attention as the agents in wireless data collection for agricultural applications, by virtue of their three-dimensional mobility and dominant line-of-sight communication channels. Existing works mainly exploit dedicated drones via deployment and maintenance, which is insufficient regarding resource and cost-efficiency. In contrast, leveraging existing delivery drones for the data collection on their way of delivery, called
delivery drones’ piggybacking
, is a promising solution. For achieving such cost-efficiency, drone scheduling inevitably stands in front, but the delivery missions involved have escalated it to a wholly different and unexplored problem. As an attempt, we first survey 514 delivery workers and conduct field experiments; noticeably, the collection cost, which mostly comes from the energy consumption of drones’ piggybacking, is determined by the decisions on
package-route scheduling
and
data collection time distribution
. Based on such findings, we build a new model that jointly optimizes these two decisions to maximize data collection amount, subject to the collection budget and delivery constraints. Further model analysis finds it a Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming problem, which is NP-hard. The major challenge stems from interdependence entangling the two decisions. For this point, we propose
Delta
, a

\(\frac{1}{9+\delta } \)

-approximation delivery drone scheduling algorithm. The key idea is to
devise an approximate collection time distribution scheme leveraging energy slicing, which transforms the complex problem with two interdependent variables into a submodular function maximization problem only with one variable
. The theoretical proofs and extensive evaluations verify the effectiveness and the near-optimal performance of
Delta
.
Using Data Augmentation and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for Improving Punjabi Named Entity Recognition
Authors: Khalid Hamza , Murtaza Ghulam , Abbas Qaiser
Published: May 2023

Named entity recognition (NER)is a task of proper noun identification from natural language text and classification into various types such as location, person, and organization. Due to NER's applications in differentnatural language processing (NLP)tasks, numerous NER approaches and benchmark datasets have been proposed. However, developing NER techniques for low-resource languages is still limited due to the absence of substantial training datasets. Punjabi is a classic example of low resource language. Although various researchers have worked on Punjabi, they focused on the Gurmukhi script. To overcome the challenges in developing NER for the Shahmukhi script, we present an improved technique for Punjabi NER for the Shahmukhi script in this paper. We firstly extend the existing dataset by adding new NER classes by leveraging a novel Pool of Words data augmentation strategy. Our extended dataset has 11,31,509 tokens and 1,25,789 labeled entities with morenamed entities (NEs)than the older dataset. In the next step, we fine-tuned a transformer model known asBidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)for the NER task. We performed experiments using the proposed approach on a new and older dataset version, showing that our method achieved competitive results.
YAP promotes AP-1 expression in tubular epithelial cells in the kidney
Authors: Liu Yang , Xu Chunhua , Li Jinhong , Zhang Yu , Wang Xiaohua , Wang Yang , Qin Jinzhong , Zheng Zhihua , Xia Yin
Published: May 2023

Yes-associated protein (YAP) activation leads to tubular injury, renal inflammation, and fibrosis, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We now provide genetic evidence that YAP promotes activator protein-1 expression and that Fosl1 is the primary target of YAP in renal tubular cells.
TRPV4 expression in the renal tubule is necessary for maintaining whole body K+ homeostasis
Authors: Stavniichuk Anna , Pyrshev Kyrylo , Zaika Oleg , Tomilin Viktor N. , Kordysh Mariya , Lakk Monika , Križaj David , Pochynyuk Oleh
Published: May 2023

The mechanoactivated transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channel is expressed in distal tubule segments, where it controls flow-dependent K+ transport. Global TRPV4 deficiency causes impaired adaptation to variations in dietary K+ intake. Here, we demonstrate that renal tubule-specific TRPV4 deletion is sufficient to recapitulate the phenotype by causing antikaliuresis and higher plasma K+ levels in both states of K+ load and deficiency.
Safety and Risk Factors of Needle Thoracentesis Decompression in Tension Pneumothorax in Patients over 75 Years Old
Authors: Wang Yanhu , Wang Lei , Chen Cheng , Que Yifan , Li Yinyi , Luo Jiang , Yin Ming , Lv Miao , Xu Guogang
Published: May 2023

Background. There are very few professional recommendations or guidelines on the needle thoracentesis decompression (NTD) for the tension pneumothorax in the elderly. This study aimed to investigate the safety and risk factors of tension pneumothorax NTD in patients over 75 years old based on CT evaluation of the chest wall thickness (CWT). Methods. The retrospective study was conducted among 136 in-patients over 75 years old. The CWT and closest depth to vital structure of the second intercostal space at the midclavicular line (second ICS-MCL) and the fifth intercostal space at the midaxillary line (fifth ICS-MAL) were compared as well as the expected failure rates and the incidence of severe complications of different needles. We also analyzed the influence of age, sex, presence or absence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and body mass index (BMI) on CWT. Results. The CWT of the second ICS-MCL was smaller than the fifth ICS-MAL both on the left and the right side (

P
<
0.05

). The success rate associated with a 7 cm needle was significantly higher than a 5 cm needle (

P
<
0.05

), and the incidence of severe complications with a 7 cm needle was significantly less than an 8 cm needle (

P
<
0.05

). The CWT of the second ICS-MCL was significantly correlated with age, sex, presence or absence of COPD, and BMI (

P
<
0.05

), whereas the CWT of the fifth ICS-MAL was significantly correlated with sex and BMI (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The second ICS-MCL was recommended as the primary thoracentesis site and a 7 cm needle was advised as preferred needle length for the older patients. Factors such as age, sex, presence or absence of COPD, and BMI should be considered when choosing the appropriate needle length.
18F-FDG PET/CT Image Deep Learning Predicts Colon Cancer Survival
Authors: Tian Mohan , Li Yingci , Chen Hong
Published: May 2023

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the large intestine. In the process of efficacy evaluation, postoperative recurrence prediction and metastasis monitoring of colon cancer, traditional medical image analysis methods are highly dependent on the personal ability of the doctors. In the process of patient treatment, it not only increases the workload and work pressure for doctors, but also has some problems with traditional medical image analysis methods. Moreover, the traditional medical image analysis methods have problems such as insufficient prediction accuracy, slow prediction speed, and the risk of errors in prediction. When analyzing 18F-FDG PET/CT images by traditional medical image analysis methods, it is easy to cause problems such as untimely treatment plans and errors in diagnosis, which will adversely affect the survival of colon cancer patients. Although 18F-FDG PET/CT images have certain advantages in image clarity and accuracy compared with traditional medical imaging methods, the analysis method based on 18F-FDG PET/CT images also has certain effects in predicting the survival of colon cancer patients, but there are still many shortcomings: the 18F-FDG PET/CT image analysis method overly relies on the technical advantages of 8F-FDG PET/CT images; in the analysis and prediction of image data, it has not gotten rid of the dependence on the personal medical quality of the doctors; traditional medical image analysis methods are still used when analyzing and predicting images; there is no breakthrough in image analysis effects. In order to solve these problems, this paper combined deep learning theory, using three algorithms of the improved RBM algorithm, image feature extraction method based on deep learning, and regression neural network to analyze and predict 18F-FDG PET/CT images, and applied some algorithms to analyze and predict 18F-FDG PET/CT images, and also established a deep learning-based 18F-FDG PET/CT image survival analysis prediction model. Four aspects survival prediction accuracy, survival prediction speed, survival prediction precision, and physician satisfaction were studied through this model. The research results have shown that compared with traditional medical image analysis methods, the prediction accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT image survival analysis prediction model based on deep learning is improved by 0.83%, and the prediction speed is improved by 3.42%, as well as the prediction precision increased by 6.13%. The research results show that the deep learning-based 18F-FDG PET/CT image survival analysis prediction model established in this paper is of great significance to improve the survival rate of colon cancer patients, and also promotes the development of the medical industry.
Evaluation on the Efficacy and Safety of Panax Notoginseng Saponins in the Treatment of Stroke among Elderly People: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of 206 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Guan Peiyu , Gui Dingkun , Xu Youhua
Published: May 2023

Background. Evidence regarding the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on treating elderly stroke patients is scare and inconsistent. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of PNS by means of meta‐analysis so as to provide an evidence‐based reference for the treatment of elderly patients with stroke. Methods. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and China Biomedical Database to identify the eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning using PNS to treat elderly people with stroke from their inception to first, May 2022. Meta‐analysis was used for pool analysis of the included studies, whose quality was assessed via Cochrane Collaboration’s RCT risk of bias tool. Results. Altogether 206 studies published between 1999 and 2022 with a low risk of bias were included, covering 21,759 participants. The results showed that the improved neurological status shown in the intervention group with PNS alone was statistically significant (SMD = −0.826, 95% CI: −0.946 to −0.707) in contrast to the control group. The total clinical efficacy (Relative risk (RR) = 1.197, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.165 to 1.229) and daily living activities (SMD = 1.675, 95% C: 1.218 to 2.133) of elderly stroke patients were significantly improved as well. In addition, the invention group using PNS combined with WM/TAU displayed significant improvement in neurological status (SMD = −1.142, 95% CI: −1.295 to −0.990) and the total clinical efficacy (RR = 1.191, 95% CI: 1.165 to 1.217) compared with the control group. Conclusion. Single PNS intervention or PNS combined with WM/TAU significantly improves the neurological status, the overall clinical efficacy and daily living activities of elderly stroke patients. However, more multicenter RCT research with high quality is required in the future to verify the results in this study. The trial registration number: Inplasy protocol 202330042. doi:10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0042.
Block-Graceful Designs
Authors: Erdemir Dilara , Kolotoğlu Emre
Published: May 2023

In this article, we adapt the edge-graceful graph labeling definition into block designs and define a block design

V
,
B

with

V

=
v

and

B

=
b

as block-graceful if there exists a bijection

f
:
B
⟶

1,2
,
…
,
b

such that the induced mapping

f

+

:
V
⟶

Z

v

given by

f

+

x

=

∑

x
∈
A

A
∈
B

f

A

mod
 
v

is a bijection. A quick observation shows that every

v
,
b
,
r
,
k
,
λ

−

BIBD that is generated from a cyclic difference family is block-graceful when

v
,
r

=
1

. As immediate consequences of this observation, we can obtain block-graceful Steiner triple system of order

v

for all

v
≡
1

mod
 
6

and block-graceful projective geometries, i.e.,

q

d
+
1

−
1

/

q
−
1

,

q

d

−
1

/

q
−
1

,

q

d
−
1

−
1

/

q
−
1

−

BIBDs. In the article, we give a necessary condition and prove some basic results on the existence of block-graceful

v
,
k
,
λ

−

BIBDs. We consider the case

v
≡
3

mod
 
6

for Steiner triple systems and give a recursive construction for obtaining block-graceful triple systems from those of smaller order which allows us to get infinite families of block-graceful Steiner triple systems of order

v

for

v
≡
3

mod
 
6

. We also consider affine geometries and prove that for every integer

d
≥
2

and

q
≥
3

, where

q

is an odd prime power or

q
=
4

, there exists a block-graceful

q

d

,
q
,
1

−

BIBD. We make a list of small parameters such that the existence problem of block-graceful labelings is completely solved for all pairwise nonisomorphic BIBDs with these parameters. We complete the article with some open problems and conjectures.