bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Can We Learn from Planning Instruments in Flood Prevention? Comparative Illustration to Highlight the Challenges of Governance in Europe
Authors: Gralepois Mathilde
Published: June 2020

Studying the selection of planning instruments in flood prevention can be critical to gain a better understanding of governance. This choice is underestimated in the flood management literature. This paper fills a knowledge gap in flood management governance by examining the rationales for the choice of instruments. The study is grounded on a comparative illustration of planning instruments in flood prevention in three European countries: England, France and the Netherlands. Flood prevention through spatial planning is a specific example, as the implementation of the Floods Directive has reactivated the role of spatial planning in urban agglomerations. The choice of instruments is never neutral. In the field of flood management, alignment among strategies is supposed to lead to resilience. Instruments should be aligned and coherent. Is that the case? The article explains the challenges of governance configured by a conflict between the spatial planning policy steered by local authorities and the risk prevention policy led by national authorities. This model is further complicated by the tension between the preference for legal, technical or scientific instruments, and the difference in professional culture between planning and prevention. The selection of instrument shows that if their conflicts are exacerbated to debates on variables or parameters, it is because there is no political agreement on the balance between development and security.
Measurement of Total Nitrogen Concentration in Surface Water Using Hyperspectral Band Observation Method
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Zhang Fei , Ge Xiangyu , Zhang Xianlong , Chan Ngai weng , Qi Yaxiao
Published: June 2020

Nitrogen overload is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of surface water quality. Hence, monitoring nitrogen loadings is vital in maintaining good surface water quality. Increasingly, the use of spectral reflectance to monitor nitrogen concentration in water has shown potentials, but it poses some problems. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new methods of quantitative monitoring of nitrogen concentration in surface water. In this paper, hyperspectral data from surface water in the Ebinur Lake watershed are used to select sensitive bands using spectral transformation, the spectral index, and a coupling of these two methods. The particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM) model, constructed on the basis of sensitive bands, is used quantitatively to estimate the total nitrogen concentration in surface water and subsequently to verify its accuracy. The results show that the bands near 680, 850, and 940 nm can be used as sensitive bands for estimation of the total nitrogen concentration of surface water in arid regions. Compared with the best estimation models constructed by sensitive bands selected using the spectral transformation or the spectral index alone, the best model based on the coupling of these two measures is more accurate (R2 = 0.604, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 1.61 mg/L, Residual Prediction Deviation (RPD) = 2.002). This coupling method leads to a robust, accurate, and strong predictability model, and can contribute to improved quantitative estimation of water quality indexes of rivers in arid regions.
Protection Motivation Theory: A Proposed Theoretical Extension and Moving beyond Rationality—The Case of Flooding
Authors: Oakley Matthew , Mohun Himmelweit Sam , Leinster Paul , Casado Mónica
Published: June 2020

Despite the significant financial and non-financial costs of household flooding, and the availability of products that can reduce the risk or impact of flooding, relatively few consumers choose to adopt these products. To help explain this, we combine the existing theoretical literature with evidence from 20 one-to-one discussions and three workshops with key stakeholders, as well as five round tables, to draw practical evidence of actual responses to flood risk. This analysis leads us to propose an extension to Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), which more accurately captures the decision-making process of consumers by highlighting the role of ‘ownership appraisal’. We then assess the extent to which behavioral biases impact on this revised framework. By highlighting the interaction with an augmented model of PMT and behavioral biases, the paper sheds light on potential reasons behind the fact that consumers are unlikely to adopt property-level flood resilience measures and identifies strategies to increase flood protection. The Augmented PMT suggests that policymakers might focus on increasing the Ownership Appraisal element, both directly and by targeting the creation of more supportive social norms. The work presented here opens up a wide range of areas for future research in the field.
A Comparison of the Mechanism of TOC and COD Degradation in Rhodamine B Wastewater by a Recycling-Flow Two- and Three-dimensional Electro-Reactor System
Authors: Ni Jin , Shi Huimin , Xu Yuansheng , Wang Qunhui
Published: June 2020

Dye wastewater, as a kind of refractory wastewater (with a ratio of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of less than 0.3), still needs advanced treatments in order to reach the discharge standard. In this work, the recycling-flow three-dimensional (3D) electro-reactor system was designed for degrading synthetic rhodamine B (RhB) wastewater as dye wastewater (100 mg/L). After 180 min of degradation, the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of RhB wastewater were both approximately double the corresponding values in the recycling-flow two-dimensional (2D) electro-reactor system. Columnar granular activated carbon (CGAC), as micro-electrodes packed between anodic and cathodic electrodes in the recycling-flow 3D electro-reactor system, generated an obviously characteristic peak of anodic catalytic oxidation, increased the mass transfer rate and electrochemically active surface area (EASA) by 40%, and rapidly produced 1.52 times more hydroxyl radicals (·OH) on the surface of CGAC electrodes, in comparison to the recycling-flow 2D electro-reactor system. Additionally, the recycling-flow 3D electro-reactor system can maintain higher current efficiency (CE) and lower energy consumption (Es).
Seasonal Estuarine Turbidity Maximum under Strong Tidal Dynamics: Three-Year Observations in the Changjiang River Estuary
Authors: Hua Xia , Huang Huiming , Wang Yigang , Yu Xiao , Zhao Kun , Chen Dake
Published: June 2020

The estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) under strong tidal dynamics (during spring tides) was investigated along the Deepwater Navigation Channel (DNC) in the North Passage (NP) of the Changjiang River Estuary (CRE) in wet and dry seasons of 2016, 2017 and 2018. The observed water current, salinity, stratification and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were illustrated and analyzed. Results show that the SSC was lower in wet seasons than dry seasons in 2016 and 2017 because of the weak influence of typhoons before observations in wet seasons. On the contrary, the SSC was higher in the wet season than the dry season in 2018 because of the strong influence of typhoons in the wet season. Our observations challenged the common perspective that SSC in the NP is higher in wet seasons than dry seasons, because the magnitudes of SSC were found to be easily influenced by strong winds before observations. The along-channel distribution of high SSC was determined by the location of salt wedge, and consequently, the ETM was further upstream in dry seasons than wet seasons. The observed SSC was more concentrated in lower water layers in wet seasons (“exponential” profile) than dry seasons (“linear” profile). This seasonal difference of vertical SSC was related to the flocculation setting velocity influenced by temperature rather than the weak stratification during spring tides. Moreover, on the basis of the net water/sediment transport and flux splitting, large river discharge and a low-SSC condition could reduce siltation in the middle DNC. The former vanished the convergence of water transport, and the latter reduced landward tidal pumping sediment transport. Sediment trapping and siltation in the dry seasons occurred in the seaward segment of the upper reach because of the decrease in the river discharge.
Effects of Land Use Types on CH4 and CO2 Production Potentials in Subtropical Wetland Soils
Authors: Xu Jiaxing , Lai Derrick Y. F. , Neogi Suvadip
Published: June 2020

Changes in land use types can alter the soil and environmental characteristics of wetlands, which in turn influence the magnitude of greenhouse gas production by soil microbes. However, the effects of land use change on the production potential of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in subtropical wetland soils and the underlying controls are still largely unknown. In this study, we examined the soil CH4 and CO2 production potentials under five different land use types (natural mangrove, Gei Wai water channel, Gei Wai forest, reedbed, and freshwater pond) and their relationships with soil physico-chemical properties in a subtropical wetland in Hong Kong using aerobic and anaerobic laboratory incubation experiments. Our results showed an overall decreasing trend of CH4 and CO2 production potentials down the soil profile at all sites, which could be attributed to a reduction in the concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N). Moreover, the soil CH4 and CO2 production potentials varied significantly in the surface soils among land use types, but were more similar across the sites in the deeper soils. The conversion of natural mangrove to other land use types significantly reduced both the aerobic and anaerobic CO2 production potentials in the top 10 cm soils, except for Gei Wai forest, which demonstrated significantly higher CO2 production rates (61.15–97.91 μg g−1 day−1). Meanwhile, the mean CH4 production potential in the surface soils of natural mangrove (0.05 μg g−1 d−1) was significantly lower than that in the Gei Wai forest and Gei Wai channel (0.26–0.27 μg g−1 day−1) but slightly higher than that in the freshwater pond and reedbed (0.00–0.02 μg g−1 day−1). The high soil CH4 and CO2 production potentials observed in the Gei Wai forest could be explained by the high soil concentrations of SOM, TKN and NH4+-N. On the other hand, the lower anaerobic CH4 and aerobic CO2 productions observed in the reedbed could be attributed to the lower concentrations of NH4+-N and available phosphorus. Our findings highlighted the significant impacts of land use types on the CH4 and CO2 production potentials of subtropical wetland soils, which had practical implications for wetland management for climate change mitigation.
Teleconnections between Monthly Rainfall Variability and Large-Scale Climate Indices in Southwestern Colombia
Authors: Canchala Teresita , Alfonso-Morales Wilfredo , Cerón Wilmar Loaiza , Carvajal-Escobar Yesid , Caicedo-Bravo Eduardo
Published: June 2020

Given that the analysis of past monthly rainfall variability is highly relevant for the adequate management of water resources, the relationship between the climate-oceanographic indices, and the variability of monthly rainfall in Southwestern Colombia at different time scales was chosen as the research topic. It should also be noted that little-to-no research has been carried out on this topic before. For the purpose of conducting this research, we identified homogeneous rainfall regions while using Non-Linear Principal Component Analysis (NLPCA) and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). The rainfall variability modes were obtained from the NLPCA, while their teleconnection in relation to the climate indices was obtained from Pearson’s Correlations and Wavelet Transform. The regionalization process clarified that Nariño has two regions: the Andean Region (AR) and the Pacific Region (PR). The NLPCA showed two modes for the AR, and one for the PR, with an explained variance of 75% and 48%, respectively. The correlation analyses between the first nonlinear components of AR and PR regarding climate indices showed AR high significant positive correlations with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) index and negative correlations with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices. PR showed positive ones with Niño1 + 2, and Niño3, and negative correlations with Niño3.4 and Niño4, although their synchronous relationships were not statistically significant. The Wavelet Coherence analysis showed that the variability of the AR rainfall was influenced principally by the Niño3.4 index on the 3–7-year inter-annual scale, while PR rainfall were influenced by the Niño3 index on the 1.5–3-year inter-annual scale. The El Niño (EN) events lead to a decrease and increase in the monthly rainfall on AR and PR, respectively, while, in the La Niña (LN) events, the opposite occurred. These results that are not documented in previous studies are useful for the forecasting of monthly rainfall and the planning of water resources in the area of study.
Quantitative Analysis of the Effects of Natural and Human Factors on a Hydrological System in Zhangweinan Canal Basin
Authors: Zhao Ziyang , Wang Hongrui , Bai Qijie , Wu Yifan , Wang Cheng
Published: June 2020

Drought is a water deficit state caused by large-scale climate change that cannot be avoided by a water resource management system. Water scarcity refers to the unsustainable utilization of water resources over a long time, which is the result of water management policies. However, water deficits caused by drought and water scarcity often occur simultaneously and are indistinguishable. This study proposes a model-based simulation framework that can quantitatively distinguish natural factors (drought) from human factors (water scarcity) in a hydrological system. The simulation was applied to the Zhangweinan Canal Basin, based on the runoff sequences from 1950 to 2004. The results show that the runoff curve number, soil depth, soil available water, soil evaporation compensation coefficient, base runoff α coefficient and the maximum canopy interception have the highest sensitivity to runoff, and that the calibrated and validated SWAT model can effectively simulate the runoff process in the Zhangweinan Canal Basin and similar areas. Abrupt changes in human activities in 1975 and water scarcity led to the disappearance of the summer peak runoff period in both wet and dry years. Human factors are the main reason for the change in the hydrological system in the study area; the runoff loss caused by human factors is four times that caused by natural factors according to the proposed variable threshold. This study proposes a model-based simulation framework that can help water resource managers to distinguish the effects of drought and water scarcity in water-stressed areas and adjust management accordingly.
Rapid Urbanization Impact on the Hydrological Processes in Zhengzhou, China
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Hu Caihong , Ma Bingyan , Mu Xiaoling
Published: June 2020

Changes in the hydrological process caused by urbanization lead to frequent flooding in cities. For fast-growing urban areas, the impact of urbanization on the hydrological process needs to be systematically analyzed. This study takes Zhengzhou as an example to analyze the impact of urbanization on the hydrological process based on 1971–2012 hourly rainfall-runoff data, combining Geographic Information Systems with traditional hydrological methods. Our study indicates that the rain island effect in different districts of city became stronger with the increase of its built-up. The uneven land use resulted in the difference of runoff process. The flood peak lag was 25–30% earlier with the change of land use. The change of flood peak increased by 10–30% with the change of built-up. The runoff coefficient increases by 20–35% with the increase of built-up, and its change increased with the change of land use. Affected by the rain island effect, precipitation tends to occur in areas where built-up is dominant, which overall magnifies the impact of urbanization on the hydrological process. This provides new ideas for urban flood control. Refine flood control standards according to regional land use changes to cope with the hydrological process after urbanization.
Controlling parameters of sun-synchronous orbits for solar reflector satellites
Authors: BOGER Andrey A. , TIMAKOV Sergey N. , SUMAROKOV Anton V. , ZYKOV Aleksanrd V. , SUBBOTIN Aleksey V.
Published: June 2020

The paper discusses the problem of illuminating towns of Russia and other countries located in polar regions during polar night using large-surface reflectors placed in Earth orbit.
An algorithm has been developed for controlling parameters of sun-synchronous orbits using the force of the Sun light pressure acting on the reflector. The proposed method makes it possible to keep the pa-rameters close to preset values. Considering that the control agent here is the light pressure force, the satellite orbit controlling is effected without consumption of propellant, which is an expensive and limited resource onboard a spacecraft. As a result, the use of a solar sail allows extending satellite life.
The paper also arrives at a conclusion that the selected solar sail surface area is insufficient for changing orbital parameters on a regular basis, and can only be used for their adjustment.
Key words: illumination, solar sail, control, orbital parameters, light pressure force.
Review of results of experimental studies of neutronic properties of fast-neutron thermionic converter-reactors
Authors: SINYAVSKIY Viktor V.
Published: June 2020

The paper provides an analytical review of published works on experimental, and, in part, analytical and theoretical studies of neutronic properties of critical assemblies, simulating geometry and materials composition of fast-neutron Thermionic Converter-Reactors (TCR). It provides results of studies of radial distribution of energy release with absorbing and fissile shields placed at the boundary of the active zone with side reflector, results of equalization of radial energy release and suppression of the local surge of energy release in fuel kernels of peripheral Electric generating Assemblies-Channels (EAC). It provides results of experimental measurements of the microstructure of energy release in the fuel kernels cross-section. It provides an analysis of the results of experiments and efficiency calculations for the side reflector with actuating elements of the Control and Safety System (CSS). It is demonstrated that insertion of twelve actuating elements of CSS into the reactor places it into a deeply subcritical state. An order of magnitude reduction of the modular TCR assembly, as compared with the conventional configuration assembled from individual EACs, was experimentally demonstrated. The paper provides results of experiments on a critical assembly simulating TCR with homogenous (non-modular) structure of the active zone. It provides results of experimental neutronic studies of operating conditions for combined-excitation lasers within fast-neutron TCR with moderating reflector.
Key words: thermionic reactor, neutronic characteristics, energy release distribution, absorption and fissile shields, actuating elements of CSS, modular assembly, combined excitation lasers.
Diálogos sobre os fazeres pedagógicos em um curso de formação continuada
Authors: Martinez Adriana Ofretorio de Oliveira Martin
Published: June 2020

A reflexão tornou-se uma ação importante na formação do professor e de outros profissionais da educação, como orientadores pedagógicos, diretores, agentes de Educação Infantil, entre outros. Entretanto, que ações reflexivas são possíveis em ambientes de formação continuada? Na tentativa de dialogar sobre essa questão e inserido na vertente do profissional reflexivo, o presente texto propõe apresentar o contexto de um curso de formação continuada desenvolvido por uma Prefeitura Municipal do Estado de São Paulo. Intitulado “Do Planejamento ao Registro: as implicações dessas práticas para/no cotidiano da Educação Infantil”, esse curso buscou dialogar sobre diferentes práticas pedagógicas e, além disso, promover trocas de experiência e reflexão; e elaborar e registrar, com narrativas, as atividades que poderiam ser desenvolvidas no ambiente educacional com crianças pequenas. A reflexão, neste texto, parte da relação estabelecida entre experiência vivida e contada nesse curso, num caminho também apoiado por referenciais teóricos.
Kentleşmenin Geleneksel Konutlar Üzerindeki Etkisi; Konya-Ak Çeşme Mahallesinde Üç Konut
Authors: SUNGUR Mine , MÜEZZİNOĞLU Kübra
Published: June 2020

Ülkemizdeki hızlı nüfus artışı ile birlikte son yıllarda hızla artan kırsaldan kente göç olgusu; kentlerin plansız büyümelerine, kent merkezlerinde yer alan geleneksel dokuların yıpranmasına, çok katlı yapıların oluşmasına ve tüm yasal sınırlamalara rağmen tarihi değerlerin tek tek yok olmalarına neden olmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Konya, Akçeşme mahallesindeki kentleşme sürecine bağlı olarak konut dokusundaki mekânsal değişim ve dönüşümün niteliklerinin saptanması ve günümüzdeki mevcut durumlarının tespiti için alanda yer alan üç adet tescilli konut ele alınmıştır. Bu yapıların detaylı rölöve çizimleri ve fotoğraflarıyla birlikte karakteristik mimari özellikleri hakkında envanterler hazırlanmıştır. Konutların sürekli kullanıcı değiştirmesi yapıları oldukça yıpratmıştır. Çünkü her kullanıcı kendi yaşam konforu ve isteği doğrultusunda yapıyı değiştirmiş ya da dönüştürmüştür. Sonuç olarak, kentleşme sürecine girmiş Akçeşme mahallesindeki konutların gerek yerleşim düzeni gerekse de planlamada geçirdiği değişim ve dönüşümlerinin sorgulanıp analizlerin yapıldığı bu çalışma; söz konusu alanda yapılacak yeni tasarımlarda kayda değer bir veri özelliği taşıması açısından önem arz etmektedir.
YAPAY SİNİR AĞI KULLANILARAK SU SEVİYESİNİN TAHMİN EDİLMESİ: YALOVA GÖKÇE BARAJI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DAMLA Yunus , TEMİZ Temel , KESKİN Erdinç
Published: June 2020

Artan dünya nüfusu ve küresel ısınmanın oluşturduğu kuraklığın etkisi ile su gibi ikamesi olmayan bir kaynağın, canlıların ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak oranda muhafaza edebilmek, dünya kamuoyunun üzerinde durduğu önemli konular arasında yer almaktadır. Akarsulardaki su seviyesinin düşük olduğu dönemlerde gerekli olan su ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak ve akarsuların oluşturmuş olduğu düzensizliği ortadan kaldırılması için biriktirme haznelerinin yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda Yalova Gökçe Barajının, su seviyesinin oluşmasında etkili olan Sellimandıra Deresinin gelen akım, yağış, buharlaşma, su tahliyesi, ( içme ve kullanma suyu, sulama suyu, dolu savak tahliyesi ) sızıntı suyu ve barajın rezervuar yüzey su seviyesi ölçüm verilerini kullanarak, rezervuardaki mevcut suyun seviyesinin tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Son zamanlarda Yapay Sinir Ağlarının birçok uygulama alanında başarı ile kullanılmasından dolayı bu çalışmamızda da yapay sinir ağları modelleri kullanılarak Yalova Gökçe Barajının 2019 yılı su seviyesinin tahmini yapılmıştır. Yapay sinir ağları modellerinin analizinde, çok katmanlı yapay sinir ağı fonksiyonu olan Levenberg-Marquardt eğitim algoritması ile Gradient Descent with Momentum eğitim algoritması kullanılmıştır. Bu yapay sinir ağı modellerinin analizlerinden çıkan sonuçlar karşılaştırılmış olup Levenberg-Marquardt eğitim algoritması ile bulunmuş olan tahmin verilerinin gerçek su seviyesine daha yakın değerlerde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
İlk okuma ve yazma öğretiminde karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri
Authors: BAŞAR Murat , TANIŞ GÜRBÜZ Hatice Merve
Published: June 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, 2018 Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programını uygulayan sınıf öğretmenlerinin ilk okuma ve yazma öğretiminde karşılaştıkları sorunları ve bu sorunlara yönelik ürettikleri çözüm önerilerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Uşak il merkezinde görev yapmakta olan 20 birinci sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Öğretmenlerin yaşadıkları sorunlar ilk okuma yazma öğretiminin hazırlık, sesi hissettirme ve tanıma, hece oluşturma, kelime, metin oluşturma ve serbest okumaya geçiş dönemlerine göre ayrı ayrı tespit edilmiştir. Toplanan veriler doğrultusunda bu dönemler içerisinde yaşanan sorunlar; öğrenciden kaynaklanan sorunlar, veliden kaynaklanan sorunlar, programdan kaynaklanan sorunlar ve öğretmenden kaynaklanan sorunlar kodları altında incelenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin karşılaştıkları sorunlara yönelik ürettikleri çözüm önerileri ise öğretmenlerin çözüm önerileri kodu altında ortaya konulmuştur.
ÖĞRETMENLERİN ARGÜMANTASYONA YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: YILMAZ Kübra , BENZER Semra
Published: June 2020

Araştırma; Türkiye’nin İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir ildeki bir Anadolu lisesinde görev yapan 22 öğretmen ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların %13,63’ü kimya %22,72’si edebiyat %9,09’u biyoloji %9,09’u İngilizce %9,09’u matematik %9,09’u felsefe %4,54’ü fizik alanındandır. Bu çalışmada, öğretmenlerin argümantasyona dayalı öğretime yönelik görüşleri incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Argümantasyona Yönelik Görüşme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler yüzyüze görüşülerek yarı yapılandırılmış yazılı görüşme formu ile elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi sırasında içerik analizi kullanılarak katılımcı öğretmenler alanlarına göre gruplanıp her birine tek tek kodlar verilmiştir. Araştırmada katılımcı öğretmenler, argümantasyonun derse ilgi uyandırdığını, eleştirel düşünme becerilerine katkı sağladığını ve kalıcı öğrenme sağladığını düşünmektedirler.
Detection of Omic Markers of the Nervous System Adverse Effects in Children with
a Combined Exposure to Airborne Chemicals and Conditions of Educational Environment
Authors: Zaitseva NV , Zemlyanova MA , Koldibekova YuV , Bulatova NI
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The rationale of prognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers of malfunctioning of homeostatic control mechanisms is important for solving the tasks of early diagnosis and prevention of priority noncommunicable diseases. Our objective was to detect omic markers of adverse effects of a combined exposure to airborne contaminants and factors of educational environment on the nervous system of children. Materials and methods: We studied school outdoor and indoor concentrations of certain air pollutants, the intensity of the educational process, and plasma proteins characterizing nervous system adverse effects in children aged 7–10 with a combined exposure to various factors of educational environment in the primary school with various types of educational programs and hygienic conditions. Results: We established that blood manganese, nickel, lead, chromium, benzene, xylene, and phenol levels among the schoolchildren of the study group were 1.2–2.4 times higher than those in the control group. The phenol concentration in blood is a proven marker of the inhalation exposure. We also identified such violations of the educational process as uneven distribution of study loads, an increase in the maximum permissible load, a 1.2-fold increase in intellectual loads, shortening of the break between basic and optional classes, and a 1.5-fold increase in intensity of the training mode. We obtained mass spectra of the peptides reflecting changes in homeostasis on the molecular level. As a result of establishing a direct causal relationship between the increase in the relative mass of a Kazal-type 5 serine protease inhibitor, the increased blood phenol level, effects of intellectual loads, routine and distribution of the training load, the Kazal-type 5 serine protease inhibitor was proved to be an omic marker of the combined exposure to ambient phenol and the factors of educational environment. Conclusions: An increase in the relative mass of the Kazal-type 5 serine protease inhibitor following the combined exposure to airborne phenol and educational factors is a molecular indicator of its prognostically unfavorable involvement into the pathogenesis of functional disorders of the nervous system in the form of vegetative-vascular dystonia.
Occupational Health Risks in Logging and Wood Processing in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Syurin S.A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Despite the extreme environmental conditions, an extensive economic activity based on the extraction and processing of natural resources is ongoing in the Russian Arctic. The objective of the study was to investigate occupational health risk factors for workers engaged in lumbering and wood processing in the Russian Arctic. Materials and methods: The socio-hygienic monitoring data on working conditions and occupational diseases in the population of the Russian Arctic zone in 2007–2018 were analyzed. Results: In 2007–2018, 222 occupational diseases were identified including 180 cases in wood processing workers, 25 cases in loggers, and 17 cases in people employed in the production of pulp, paper, and paper products. The development of occupational pathology was mainly induced by the increased severity of labor (70.3%) related to imperfection of technological processes (76.1%) and structural limitations of equipment (22.1%). Musculoskeletal disorders prevailed with myofibrosis of the forearm ranking first. All health disorders were chronic with the exception of two cases of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning. The largest number of diseases (n=117) was diagnosed in 2007-2010 while the smallest (n=14) in 2015–2018 (an 8.36-fold decrease). The risk of developing occupational pathology in 2007 was higher than in 2018, the relative risk being 9.60 (CI: 2.30–40.1; p=0.00014). Over a half (129 or 58.1%) of occupational diseases were diagnosed as a result of self-seeking of medical care while 93 (41.9%) cases were revealed in the course of planned medical examinations. Conclusions: Efficient prevention of occupational diseases in the industry can only be achieved by improving labor conditions and, above all, reducing the severity of labor processes. Reliability of official data on the number of incident cases of occupational diseases among workers involved in timber harvesting and processing in the Arctic raises doubts.
Arsenic speciation in rice and risk assessment of inorganic arsenic from Ghentugachhi village of Chakdaha block, Nadia, West Bengal, India
Authors: Sinha B , Bhattacharyya K
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the present study was to assess arsenic (As) speciation in rice from West Bengal, India, in order to improve understanding of the health risk posed by arsenic in Indian rice. Rice is a potentially important route of human exposure to arsenic, especially in populations with rice-based diets. However, arsenic toxicity varies greatly with species. Determination of arsenic (As) species in rice is necessary because inorganic As species are more toxic than organic As. Total arsenic was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethyarsinic acid were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The analysis of a rice flour certified reference material (SRM-1568-a) were evaluated for quality assurance. The use of 2M TFA for extraction with an isocratic mobile phase was optimized for extraction and employed for arsenic speciation in rice. The extraction method showed a high recovery of arsenic. Most of the As species in rice were noticed to be inorganic [Arsenite (As-III), Arsenate As-V]. It appeared very clear from the present study that inorganic arsenic shared maximum arsenic load in rice straw while in grains it is considerably low. As species recovered from rice grain and straw are principally As-III and As-V with a little share of DMA and almost non-detectable MMA and As-B. The order of As species in rice grain revealed in this study were As-III (54.5-65.4 %)>As-V(21.2-28.3%)>DMA(5.2%).
Genetic studies for drought tolerance under contrasting moisture regimes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Shoba D , Robin S , Jeyaprakash P , Pillai M Arumugam
Published: June 2020

Twenty six genotypes and four check varieties were studied for drought tolerance in rice. The experiment was conducted under both irrigated and stress regimes. Ten different drought tolerant contributing traits were evaluated under stress regime and five yield contributing traits were evaluated under irrigated regime. Among the studied genotypes, IR 87651-26-1-1-3 possessed desirable mean performance under stress for grain yield with other studied traits except number of panicles per plant. Under irrigated regime, the genotypes IR 87753-13-1-1-3, IR 87638-10-1-1-3, IR 87759-5-2-1-3 and IR 83381-B-B-137-3 were advantageous for grain yield and other studied traits except number of panicles per plant. From the variability studies under stress, the traits viz., leaf rolling, leaf senescence, leaf drying, panicle exsertion and grain yield exhibited high genetic advance indicated additive gene action and selection is desirable for these traits. High heritability with advantageous genetic advance was recorded for plant height and grain yield under non-stress regime. From the association analysis, grain yield had positive correlation with plant height, number of panicles per plant and panicle length and negative correlation with days to fifty per cent flowering, leaf rolling, leaf senescence, leaf drying and panicle exsertion under stress. Grain yield was positively correlated with days to fifty per cent flowering, plant height and panicle length under non stress. The desirable genotypes recognized from this study may be utilized as donors and the desirable traits identified may be exploited for drought tolerance rice breeding programs.
Identification of novel resistance source in traditional varieties against major diseases of rice
Authors: Chethana BS , Deepak CA , Rajanna MP
Published: June 2020

Traditional rice varieties maintained and cultivated by farmers are the potential sources of resistant donors that can be used for breeding rice varieties with durable resistance. They possess traits potentially adaptable to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. Characterization of these germplasm is essential in rice breeding varieties and provides valued information for developing new rice. In this study, a large-scale screening of 167 traditional rice varieties was carried out to identify resistance sources against blast, sheath blight and brown spot diseases of rice. The mean location severity index (LSI) of leaf blast, sheath blight and brown spot was 6.91,7.14 and 7.84, respectively. Among the varieties screened, five varieties viz., Malgudi sanna, Putta batta, Selamsanna, Sadaholga and Mysuru sanna showed resistant reaction against blast, while only one variety Putta batta showed resistant reaction against brown spot, none of the varieties showed resistant reaction against sheath blight. However, only one variety Bangara sanna-4 showed moderate resistance to the sheath blight disease. The identified resistant varieties can be used as potential source for breeding durable resistant varieties in the future crop improvement programmes.
Exploring the physicochemical and cooking properties of some Indian aromatic and non-aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars
Authors: Verma Deepak Kumar , Srivastav Prem Prakash
Published: June 2020

The objective of the present investigation was to assess the physicochemical and cooking properties of Indian rice cultivars grown locally by farmers. Results reported the highest hulling (80.82%) and milling (75.47%) in cultivar Badshah Bhog (BSB) while the head rice out-turns were maximum in Govind Bhog (GVB) (58.22%) and broken rice was minimum in Khushboo (KSB) (5.15%). The kernel length (6.16-7.88 mm) of KSB, Kalanamak (KLN), Sarbati (SRB) and Todal (TDL) cultivars were nearly alike to the preferred minimum acceptable standard of Basmati rice (6.6mm). The kernel and volume elongation ratio was highest in Swetganga (STG) (2.07) and TDL (4.07), respectively whereas the amylose content was highest (>20%) in all aromatic cultivars and categorized the intermediate type than evolved aromatic rice KLN and nonaromatic cultivars (SRB and TDL). Further, the studied rice cultivars had grain quality characteristics similar to the minimum acceptable standards for the breeding of basmati type cultivars which may be employed for breeding purposes and can be graded as export quality rice possessing distinct nutritional values at the global level.
Evaluation of the contact angle and wettability of hydrophobised lightweight concrete with sawdust
Authors: Szafraniec Małgorzata , Barnat-Hunek Danuta
Published: June 2020

The aim of the research presented in the paper was to evaluate the feasibility of using hydrophobic preparations based on organosilicon compounds for protection treatment on the lightweight concrete modified with sawdust. The experimental part of the work concerns the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete and the influence of two hydrophobic agents on the contact angle of the material. Lightweight concrete contact angle (θw) was determined as a time function using one measuring liquid. Water repellent coatings in lightweight concrete structure with the coarse aggregate sawdust (CASD) using electron microscopy were presented. The effectiveness of hydrophobisation of porous lightweight concretes was determined on the basis of the research. For the hydrophobic surface, the contact angle decreased and it depended on the used agents. The lowest contact angle of 40.2° (t=0) was obtained for reference concrete before hydrophobisation and 112.2° after hydrophobisation with a methyl-silicone resin based on organic solvent. The results of scientific research confirm the possibility to produce lightweight concretes modified with CASD with adequate surface protection against external moisture.
Van Der Knaap Disease in a 3-year-old Male Child: A Case Report
Authors: Khan Imran Mahmood , Shabbir Asma , Sadaf Naz  , Zulfqar Rubina
Published: June 2020

Van der Knaap disease or megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts is a leukodystrophy with autosomal-recessive inheritance caused by mutation in the gene MLC1 which is localized on chromosome 22q. It is characterized by macrocephaly, motor developmental delay, seizures, spasticity, ataxia, and mild mental deterioration. On neuroimaging, involvement of cerebral white matter along with subcortical cysts in frontal and temporal lobes are hallmarks of the disease. There is no definite treatment of this disease. We report a case of Van Der Knaap disease in a 3-year-old male child who presented with seizures and delayed developmental milestones.
Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral Ibu Hamil Trimester II dan III Di Puskesmas Way Halim Bandar Lampung
Authors: Munggaran Nabella Putri , Octarianingsih Fonda , Ladyani Festy , Kurniawan Bambang
Published: June 2020

Latar belakang: Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral adalah metode yang digunakan untuk membantu mendiagnosis penyakit Diabetes Millitus Tujuan: mengetahui gambaran glukosa darah pada wanita hamil trimester II dan III di Puskesmas Way Halim Bandar Lampung Tahun 2019-2020. Metode: mengunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif untuk mengetahui gambaran glukosa darah pada wanita hamil trimester II dan III. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling, dengan jumlah sampel minimal yaitu sebanyak 30 sampel. Hasil: Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral ibu hamil trimester II dan III diperoleh glukosa darah puasa  mg/dl dan setelah dilakukan Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral didapatkan 26.67 % (4 orang) yang <90 mg/dl. Usia ibu hamil rata-rata <35 tahun, IMT pada ibu hamil trimester II  memiliki Indek Masa Tubuh normal. Gambaran paritas ibu hamil trimester II dan III adalah nulipara (<1anak) ibu hamil trimester II sebanyak 10 orang (66.67%) dan ibu hamil trimester III sebanyak 9 orang (60 %). Riwayat abortus, ibu hamil trimester II dan trimester III tidak memiliki riwayat abortus (100%).Ibu hamil trimester II dan trimester III tidak memiliki riwayat Diabetes Mellitus Gestasional (100%). Riwayat Diabetes Mellitus dalam keluarga, ibu hamil trimester II dan III ada yang memiliki riwayat diabetes pada keluarga yaitu 7 orang  (46.67 %) pada Ibu Hamil Trimester II dan 6 orang ( 40%) pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III. Riwayat melahirkan bayi makrosomnia, ibu hamil trimester II dan III ada yang memiliki riwayat kelahiran bayi makrosomia akan tetapi hanya 1 orang dari keseluruhan sampel minimal. Masing-masing ibu hamil trimester II sebanyak sebanyak 14 orang (93.3%).15 orang (100%) dan trimester III sebanyak 15 orang (100%)
Komplikasi Sistemik Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Authors: Saputri Ririn Dwi
Published: June 2020

Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama pada masyarakat yang mempunyai komplikasi jangka panjang dan pendek. Prevalensi Diabetes Mellitus di Indonesia tahun 2018 sebesar 8,5%, di Lampung 1,4%. Pasien yang menderita diabetes melitus baru menyadari bahaya penyakit ini setelah timbul berbagai komplikasi yang bersifat akut maupun kronik. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil komplikasi sistemik pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Bandar Lampung. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan februari tahun 2020 dengan mengambil data rekam medis pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Bandar Lampung Tahun 2019. Subjek dalam penelitian berjumlah 72 pasien. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis univariat. Hasil: Distribusi frekuensi berdasarkan komplikasi akut KAD 6 pasien (8,3%), hipoglikemia 8 pasien (11,1%). Komplikasi mikrovaskuler yaitu retinopati 8 pasien (11,1%), nefropati 11 pasien (15,3%), neuropati 5 pasien (6,9%). Komplikasi makrovaskuler yaitu serebrovaskuler 3 pasien (4,2%), penyakit jantung koroner 8 pasien (11,1%), dan ulkus 20 pasien (27,8%). Kesimpulan: Distribusi frekuensi berdasarkan komplikasi, dari 72 orang yang diteliti sebagian besar pasien mengalami komplikasi yaitu sebanyak 43 Orang (59,7%).
Hubungan Kadar Serum Feritin Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Talasemia β Mayor
Authors: Agustina Rita , Mandala Zulhafis , Sahara Rena
Published: June 2020

Thalasemia adalah penyakit anemia hemolitik yang ditandai dengan adanya kelainan sintesis rantai globin. Terjadi hemakromatosis dan hipoksia jaringan akibat anemia itu merupakan faktor hormonal akibat menumpuknya zat besi pada kelenjar endokrin. Masalah dikelenjar endokrin dan kondisi anemia dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan seperti postur tubuh yang pendek. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar serum feritin dengan kejadian stunting pada anak thalasemia beta mayor di rumah sakit Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek dalam penelitian berjumlah 60 pasien. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Data rekam medis. Hasil analisis statistik menggunakan uji Chi-Square menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kadar feritin dengan kejadian Stunting pada pasien Thalasemia β Mayor anak di Rumah Sakit Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung tahun 2019 (p value 0,018. OR 4,67). Terdapat hubungan antara kadar feritin dengan kejadian Stunting pada pasien Thalasemia β Mayor anak di Rumah Sakit Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung tahun 2019.
Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita
Authors: SJMJ Sr. Anita Sampe , Toban Rindani Claurita , Madi Monica Anung
Published: June 2020

Stunting adalah masalah kurang gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang kurang dalam waktu cukup lama akibat pemberian makanan yang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan gizi. Salah satu penyebab stunting pada balita yaitu pemberian ASI eksklusif yang tidak diberikan selama 6 bulan karena ASI sangat dibutuhkan dalam masa pertumbuhan bayi agar kebutuhan gizinya tercukupi. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan case control study pada 144 responden yang terdiri dari 72 responden kasus dan 72 responden kontrol, responden merupakan orang tua dari balita yang didiagnosis stunting dan non-stunting. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik  cluster random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner dan alat ukur mekanik. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji chi-square dan dilanjutkan menggunakan uji odds ratio. Didapatkan hasil uji chi-square p = 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05), hal ini menunjukkan ada hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Sedangkan pada uji odds ratio didapatkan nilai OR = 61 yang artinya balita yang tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif berpeluang 61 kali lipat mengalami stunting dibandingkan balita yang diberi ASI eksklusif. ASI eksklusif dapat mengurai risiko terjadinya stunting.
Identifikasi Mikroorganisme Penyebab Otitis Media Supuratif Kronik Dan Kepekaannya Terhadap Antibiotik
Authors: Amelia Maya Rizky
Published: June 2020

Latar Belakang : Otitis media supuratif kronis (OMSK) merupakan infeksi kronis pada telinga tengah yang prosesnya sudah lebih dari 2 bulan, yang ditandai dengan adanya perforasi pada membran timpani dan keluarnya cairan secara terus menerus atau hilang timbul dari liang telinga. OMSK dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, angka kejadian OMSK cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan terapi yang tepat untuk mengatasi OMSK di Indonesia. Tujuan : Mengetahui bakteri terbanyak penyebab OMSK dan kepekaannya terhadap antibiotik.  Metode :  Menggunakan studi literature dari jurnal penelitian nasional dengan cara meringkas topic pembahasan dan membandingkan hasil yang disajikan dalam artikel. Hasil : Proteus sp pernah ditemukan sebagai penyebab terbanyak OMSK tahun 2012, namun hanya sekali ditemukan pada tahun-tahun berikutnya. Bakteri yang banyak ditemukan secara keseluruhan adalah Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Streptococcus sp, dan Klebsiella sp. Kepekaan bakteri terhadap antibiotik dari tahun ke tahun terdapat perubahan. Antibiotik yang memiliki sensitivitas tinggi terhadap bakteri penyebab OMSK adalah Siprofloksasin pada hampir semua bakteri dan meropenem untuk Pseudomonas sp. Sensitivitas Siprofloksasin terus menurun tiap tahunnya, sebesar 100% pada tahun 2012 menjadi 61,76% pada tahun 2016. Amoksisilin yang sebelumnya sensitif terhadap beberapa bakteri penyebab OMSK pada tahun 2012, sekarang memiliki resistensi yang tinggi khususnya terhadap Pseudomonas sp yang mencapai 100%. Kesimpulan : Bakteri penyebab otitis media supuratif kronik (OMSK) terbanyak adalah Pseudomonas sp dan Staphylococcus sp. Antibiotik yang memiliki sensitivitas tinggi terhadap bakteri penyebab OMSK adalah Siprofloksasin pada hampir semua bakteri dan meropenem untuk Pseudomonas sp. Sedangkan Amoksisilin memiliki resistensi yang tinggi.
CEGAH PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS DI PUSKESMAS HARAPAN RAYA KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Rahman Fathur , Priwahyuni Yuyun , Gloria Christine Vita , Ikhtiyaruddin Ikhtiyaruddin , Chindyta Afernia
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK

 Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hingga saat ini, tuberkulosis masih menjadi penyakit infeksi menular yang paling berbahaya di dunia. Selama ini penyakit infeksi seperti TB diatasi dengan penggunaan antibiotik. Rifampisin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), etambutol (EMB), streptomisin dan pirazinamid (PZA) telah dimanfaatkan selama bertahuntahun sebagai anti-TB. Namun, banyak penderita telah menunjukkan resistensi terhadap obat lini pertama ini. Sejak tahun 1980-an, kasus tuberkulosis di seluruh dunia mengalami peningkatan karena kemunculan MDR-TB (Multi Drug Resisten Tuberculosis). Bakteri penyebab MDR-TB adalah strain M. tuberculosis yang resisten terhadap obat anti-TB first-line seperti isoniazid dan rifampisin. Kepada pihak terkait seperti DinKes, puskesmas, dapat mengagendakan kegiatan ini secara rutin, pihak Puskesmas Harapan Raya Pekanbaru agar dapat memanfaatkan dan melakukan edukasi kepada pasien yang hadir di Puskesmas Harapan Raya Pekanbaru