bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tppp3+ synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells contribute to heterotopic bone after trauma
Authors: Yea Ji-Hye , Gomez-Salazar Mario , Onggo Sharon , Li Zhao , Thottappillil Neelima , Cherief Masnsen , Negri Stefano , Xing Xin , Qin Qizhi , Tower Robert Joel , Fan Chen-Ming , Levi Benjamin , James Aaron W.
Published: July 2023

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological process resulting in aberrant bone formation and often involves synovial lined tissues. During this process, mesenchymal progenitor cells undergo endochondral ossification. Nonetheless, the specific cell phenotypes and mechanisms driving this process are not well understood, in part due to the high degree of heterogeneity of the progenitor cells involved. Here, using a combination of lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we investigated the extent to which synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells contribute to heterotopic bone formation. For this purpose, Tppp3 (tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family member 3)-inducible reporter mice were used in combination with either Scx (Scleraxis) or Pdgfra (platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha) reporter mice. Both tendon injury- and arthroplasty-induced mouse experimental HO models were utilized. ScRNA-seq of tendon-associated traumatic HO suggested that Tppp3 is an early progenitor cell marker for either tendon or osteochondral cells. Upon HO induction, Tppp3 reporter+ cells expanded in number and partially contributed to cartilage and bone formation in either tendon- or joint-associated HO. In double reporter animals, both Pdgfra+Tppp3+ and Pdgfra+Tppp3- progenitor cells gave rise to HO-associated cartilage. Finally, analysis of human samples showed a substantial population of TPPP3-expressing cells overlapping with osteogenic markers in areas of heterotopic bone. Overall, these data demonstrate that synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells undergo aberrant osteochondral differentiation and contribute to HO after trauma.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Early diagnostic biomarkers, pathogenetic mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Huo Jin-Ling , Feng Qi , Pan Shaokang , Fu Wen-Jia , Liu Zhangsuo , Liu Zhenzhen
Published: July 2023

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) mainly refers to myocardial metabolic dysfunction caused by high glucose, and hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for cardiac function in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. DCM, which is a severe complication of diabetes, has become the leading cause of heart failure in diabetic patients. The initial symptoms are inconspicuous, and patients gradually exhibit left ventricular dysfunction and eventually develop total heart failure, which brings a great challenge to the early diagnosis of DCM. To date, the underlying pathological mechanisms of DCM are complicated and have not been fully elucidated. Although there are therapeutic strategies available for DCM, the treatment is mainly focused on controlling blood glucose and blood lipids, and there is a lack of effective drugs targeting myocardial injury. Thus, a large percentage of patients with DCM inevitably develop heart failure. Given the neglected initial symptoms, the intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the lack of available drugs, it is necessary to explore early diagnostic biomarkers, further understand the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of DCM, summarize the current therapeutic strategies, and develop new targeted interventions.
A new daily quarter degree sea level anomaly product from CryoSat-2 for ocean science and applications
Authors: Banks Christopher J. , Calafat Francisco Mir , Shaw Andrew G. P. , Snaith Helen M. , Gommenginger Christine P. , Bouffard Jérôme
Published: July 2023

The European Space Agency launched CryoSat-2 as the first European ice mission in 2010. Its advanced altimeter met primary objectives concerned with sea ice thickness and ice sheets. The value of Cryosat-2 data over global oceans was recognised, and operational products were developed via the CryoSat Ocean Processor (COP). The novel orbit of CryoSat-2 results in a denser coverage of sample points compared to other satellite altimeters. The National Oceanography Centre Sea Level Anomaly (NOCSLA) gridded product is based on interpolating Geophysical Ocean Products (GOP) using weights in space and time. GOP represents the highest quality operational ocean data. NOCSLA is a daily, ¼° sea level anomaly product covering non-coastal oceans between [60°N 60°S] and January 2011 to October 2020. The paper presents the methodology and scientific applications of NOCSLA. Oceanographic features observed are compared against products from other missions, including Rossby waves and El Niño signals. Results show good agreement with other products, confirming the value of Cryosat-2 data for ocean science and applications.
Comparison of bacterial diversity in Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) ovaries and eggs based on 16S rRNA sequencing
Authors: Lixiang Chen , Zhenya Tian , Weihua Ma , Jingjing Wang , Qiaofen Huang , Yongping Zhou , Xuyuan Gao , Hongsong Chen , Zhongshi Zhou
Published: July 2023

Next-generation sequencing allows for fine-scale studies of microbial communities. Herein, 16S ribosomal RNA high-throughput sequencing was used to identify, classify, and predict the functions of the bacterial communities in the eggs and ovaries ofBactrocera cucurbitae(Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), which is a pest that infests a variety of cucurbit fruits at different developmental stages. Taxonomic analyses indicate that bacteria associated withB. cucurbitaerepresent 19 phyla, which were spread across different developmental stages. Specifically, the egg microbiota had a higher alpha diversity than those of microbiota in the primary and mature ovaries. Significant differences were not observed between the primary and mature ovaries in terms of their microbiota’s alpha diversities. Pseudomonadota, Deinococcota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota, and Actinomycetota were the dominant phyla in all three developmental stages ofB. cucurbitae, andPseudomonadaceaeandEnterobacteriaceaewere the most abundant families. Owing to the unique physiological environment of the ovaries, the diversity of their bacterial community was significantly lower than that in the eggs. This study provides new insights into the structure and abundance of the microbiota inB. cucurbitaeat different developmental stages and contributes to forming management strategies for this pest.
Solid state solvation: a fresh view
Authors: Bardi Brunella , Giavazzi Davide , Ferrari Elena , Iagatti Alessandro , Di Donato Mariangela , Phan Huu D. K. Andrea , Di Maiolo Francesco , Sissa Cristina , Masino Matteo , Lapini Andrea , Painelli Anna
Published: July 2023

The static and dynamic dielectric properties of amorphous matrices of interest for use in OLEDs are addressed via a careful experimental and theoretical analysis of Raman and time-resolved emission spectra of simple dyes dispersed in the matrix of interest.
Molten salt assisted fabrication of coal-based carbon anode materials for efficient Na ion storage
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sun Ning , Chen He , Soomro Razium Ali , Xu Bin
Published: July 2023

A coal-based carbon heterostructure with excellent Na-storage performance was fabricated via the molten salt assisted cross-linking reaction between coal and sucrose.
Functionalization of 10-azacorroles: nitration, bromination and acylation
Authors: Li Sha , Zhu Yuhuan , Li Xiaofang , Zhang Shaowei , Białek Michał J. , Chmielewski Piotr J.
Published: July 2023

We explored the functionalization of 10-azacorroles through the study of nitration, bromination and acylation reactions affording novel 10-azacorrole derivatives with functional groups at peripheral positions.
A multiyear photopolarimetric study of the semi-regular variable V CVn and identification of analog sources
Authors: Neilson H. , Steenken N. , Simpson J. , Ignace R. , Shrestha M. , Erba C. , Henson G.
Published: July 2023

The semi-regular variable star V Canum Venaticorum (V CVn) is well known for its unusual linear polarization position angle (PA). Decades of observing V CVn reveal a nearly constant PA spanning hundreds of pulsation cycles. This phenomenon has persisted through variability that has varied by two magnitudes in optical brightness and through variability in the polarization amplitude over 0.3 and 6.9%. Additionally, the polarization fraction of V CVn varies inversely with brightness. This paper presents polarization measurements obtained over three pulsation cycles. We find that the polarization maximum does not always occur precisely at the same time as the brightness minimum. Instead, we observe a small lead or lag in relation to the brightness minimum, spanning a period of a few days up to three weeks. Furthermore, the PA sometimes exhibits a non-negligible rotation, especially at lower polarization levels. To elucidate the unusual optical behavior of V CVn, we present a list of literature sources that also exhibit polarization variability with a roughly fixed PA. We find this correlation occurs in stars with high tangential space velocities, for instance, “runaway” stars, suggesting that the long-term constant PA is related to how the circumstellar gas is shaped by the star’s high-speed motion through the interstellar medium.
Distribution of alpha temperature anisotropy in the slow and fast solar wind: WIND observations and Vlasov theory
Authors: Li Q. H. , Xiang L. , Wu D. J. , Chen L. , Zhao G. Q. , Zhao A. K. , Zhao Y. , Feng H. Q.
Published: July 2023

Context. Alpha particles in the solar wind frequently show temperature anisotropies, which can be constrained by various kinetic instabilities. However, the detailed constraint mechanism remains unclear, especially in different types of solar wind.

Aims. Using data obtained by the Wind spacecraft between 2005 and 2015, we investigate the distribution of alpha temperature anisotropy and the correlation with background plasma parameters in the slow and fast solar wind.

Methods. We present a comparison between observations of the alpha temperature anisotropy by the Wind spacecraft and theoretical results obtained with the linear Vlasov theory.

Results. The results show that the distribution of the alpha temperature anisotropy depends not only on the parallel temperature ratio of alpha to proton Tα∥/Tp∥ and the proton temperature anisotropy Tp⊥/Tp∥, but also on the drift velocity of alpha to proton vα/vA and the solar wind velocity vsw. In particular, there are clearly different constraining mechanisms on the distribution of alpha temperature anisotropy in the slow and fast solar wind.

Conclusions. The alpha temperature anisotropy instability together with different types of free energy can be effective for regulating the alpha temperature anisotropy in the slow and fast solar wind.
Carbon Landfill as a Low-Carbon Resource Management Tool
Authors: Eskiev Muslim , Khasbulatova Zinaida , Baysangurova Aishat
Published: July 2023

It was extremely difficult for the deported peoples to adapt to new natural conditions, and to a new ethnic environment, and to a new humiliating situation. K.D. Ushinsky wrote that the influence of natural conditions on people is so powerful that the destruction of these conditions (and in this case separation) torments a person with painful homesickness. A number of government regulations established a cruel special regime. Settlers scattered in small groups from Kyrgyzstan to Kazakhstan did not have the opportunity to keep in touch with each other. In order to survive physically and morally, the settlers had to prove their innocence every minute of their existence. Adaptation in new geographic and climatic conditions, different from historical ones, had a dominating and depressing effect on the moral and psychological state of people.
Landscape and Landslide Manifestation in the Residential Areas of the Mountainous Parts of the Chechen Republic
Authors: Gakaev Rustam , Dzhandarova Luiza , Ahmieva Roza
Published: July 2023

Landslides occur when the slope is composed of water-bearing and water-resistant rocks. Large blocks of hard rocks (block landslides) and individual blocks (block landslides) can move. The speed of landslides is different. Some cover a distance of about 100 m per year, others move much faster and are dangerous natural phenomena that can cover residential buildings and outbuildings and lead to human casualties. By origin, landslides are distinguished: seismogenic, caused by earthquakes; arising from the saturation of the surface of the slopes with water and a change in their slope; anthropogenic - as a result of improper economic activity. The reason for the displacement of the mass of loose rocks may be the washing away of the slope area with the aquifer. Landslides affect the banks of rivers, lakes and seas both in platform areas and in mountainous folded areas.
Russia’s New Environmental Policy in the Context of “Green” Transformation
Authors: Galazova Svetlana , Sitokhova Tatiana , Dzokaeva Zalina
Published: July 2023

Russia has the world’s richest natural capital. It holds 6% of the world’s oil reserves, 17% of natural gas, 18% of coal, 15% of iron ore, 4% of copper, 10% of nickel and 17% of rare earth metals. Also important are renewable resources, which have gained strategic importance in the 21st century. About 20% of the world’s fresh water is located in Russia (mostly in Lake Baikal) and 20% of the world’s forest resources. Russia accounts for about 9% of the world’s arable land, but this area has decreased by more than 12% since 1990. Despite the fact that the catch of fish resources has decreased by about half since the end of the Soviet era, Russia ranks 6-7th in the world in this indicator and has shown the highest growth rate in the world over the last decade following reforms in the fisheries regulatory sector. Fishing catch. But more importantly, the ecological capacity of the Russian ecosystem significantly exceeds the ecological footprint of the Russian economy, making Russia one of the world’s largest environmental contributors.
Prospects for the Production of Materials with Biodegradable Properties: the Way to Minimize Environmental Damage in Russian Practice
Authors: Strekalova Guzel , Kurbanov Salman , Muslimova Marquise
Published: July 2023

The prospects for the development of the production of materials with biodegradable properties in Russia are considered, based on an analysis of the situation in Russian practice, with a proposal of possible options for their implementation. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of the problem and the need to solve it in relation to the organization of the production of materials with biodegradable properties in the conditions of the refusal of the world community from the use of artificial polymeric materials, the disposal period of which is more than 100 years. It is shown that the global market for the production of materials with biodegradable properties has an average growth rate of 20%, which will amount to 2300 million tons by 2027, while the Russian market for biodegradable packaging is no more than 10,000 tons per year. In the future, according to the action plan for the Development of Biotechnologies and Genetic Engineering, the share of biodegradable materials in the total consumption of polymer products in Russia will increase from 10 to 25%, and the share of bioplastics will be about 640,000 tons. A conclusion is made regarding the development of the production of materials with biodegradable properties in Russia, which should be carried out at a pace at the world level, and for this, favorable conditions and a developed infrastructure should be created, focused on promoting own scientific developments and their commercialization in domestic production. The study revealed the technological possibilities of organizing the production of biodegradable materials of natural origin in Russia, which determines the practical significance of this study.
Soils and Man-Made Surface Formations in Urban Landscapes
Authors: Murtazova Kheda , Oboturova Natalia
Published: July 2023

Intensive and diverse human activity in large cities and their environs leads to a significant change in the environment: the relief, hydrographic network changes, natural vegetation is destroyed or replaced by urbophytocenoses, the soil cover is greatly transformed, climatic characteristics change, i.e. a specific type of urban microclimate is formed. In large cities, the anthropogenic impact becomes predominant over the natural factors of soil formation, which leads to the formation of specific soils and soil-like bodies (formations). In this case, the type of land use is the determining factor of the soil cover. Adverse environmental impacts lead to soil degradation, resulting in the destruction of vegetation. All this together leads to a deterioration in the chemical composition of the air and the general environmental situation that affects people’s health. Unfavorable ecological processes significantly impede (prevent) the fulfillment by soils of the ecological functions assigned to them. A significant part of the territories of large cities is located in the zone of action of negative processes that affect the ecological state of the soil cover and soil functions. Ecologists predict that these impacts will intensify.
Study of Carbon Sequestration Processes in Forestry on Carbon Farms
Authors: Gadzhiev Nadir , Khasbulatova Zinaida , Baysangurova Aishat
Published: July 2023

The earth “plays a key role” in the climate system as an important carbon sink because land surfaces such as forests regulate the planet’s temperature and help store carbon. In the last decade alone, terrestrial ecosystems have absorbed about 30% of carbon emissions from human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels.But our lands are under increasing pressure from deforestation, urbanization, industrial development, agricultural expansion, and unsustainable farming practices that undermine the ability to sustain food production, sustain freshwater and forest resources, and climate and air quality regulation. Conserving tropical forests has many benefits, from protecting biodiversity, sustaining indigenous and local communities, and safeguarding climate. To achieve the ambitious climate goals of the Paris Agreement, forest protection is essential. Yet deforestation continues to diminish the world’s forests. Halting this trend is the objective of the international framework for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+). While previous studies have demonstrated the contribution of tropical forests to mitigate climate change, here we show that tropical forest protection can ‘flatten the curve’ of the costs of transition to climate stability, estimating tens of trillions of dollars in policy cost savings.
Study Case: Correlational Analysis of pH and Weekly Aloe Growth
Authors: García D. , Perdomo M. E. , Magomedov I.
Published: July 2023

The present project has been elaborated with the purpose of analyzing the development of Aloe vera in three types of soil that are the most common in Honduras, such as: sand, clay, and fertilized soil. The Aloe vera plant has the characteristic of being very versatile, which facilitates its growth in different types of soil. The objective of this research is to know the best type of soil for the plant to develop and to know if the pH of the plant is affected by the type of soil in which it is found. Three Aloe vera plants were taken, each one was transplanted to its respective soil and during five weeks pH samples were taken from each plant and it was identified if there were changes or not. Similarly, growth samples were taken from each plant to help us determine which one has a faster growth, which is an indication of a good development. It was also considered to take the pH of each soil since this indicates the availability of nutrients in the soil so that this data helps us to know if the plant will have a good development, considering that for this to be so it is recommended that Aloe vera is planted in soils with a pH between 6.5 to 6.8, that is, an acid soil. Statistically it can be concluded that the pH of the three types of soil has no significant differences. Therefore, pH is not a determining factor in the growth of savila plants.
Perfusion Recruitment Strategies Using Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis
Authors: Gummow Jessica R. , Holt David W.
Published: July 2023

Perfusionists are leaving the workforce in higher rates as baby-boomers retire, yet the volume of cases involving perfusion continues to increase. This change has resulted in a high-demand market with organizations competing for the same candidates. The purpose of this study was to use a choice-based conjoint (CBC) analysis to determine what attributes of employment opportunities are most important to perfusionists so hiring organizations are better equipped to produce employment offers specific to each candidate. The Sawtooth Software Discover program was used to create a CBC survey that was distributed to perfusionists. After a series of demographic questions, respondents chose between three employment offers that comprised eight attributes, each with three varying options. Completed surveys were analyzed using the Discover software, producing importance scores. Two hundred forty surveys were completed, 154 (64%) male and 86 (36%) female. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) impact to the perfusionist and hours worked per week ranked most important, at 19.4% and 17.5%, respectively. A significant difference exists between ECMO impact to perfusionists and all other attributes. The least important attributes were annual continuing education funds and sign-on bonus/relocation, at 6.8% and 4.7%, respectively. Respondents in their 20s and 30s find the importance of ECMO impact to be significantly less important than those in their 50s. Perfusionists with a master’s degree believe salary to be significantly more important than perfusionists with other types of perfusion education. Based on the respondents who completed this survey, the impact ECMO has on the perfusionist was the most significant job attribute. Offering large sign-on bonuses and relocation packages to entice new employees is not indicated as a viable way to satisfy perfusionists. Appropriate management of hours worked, days on call, and how ECMO impacts the perfusionists will be most impactful in recruitment of new employees.
Implementation of a Prescriptive Extracorporeal Circuit and Its Effect on Hemodilution and Blood Product Usage during Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kiser Kelsie , Sandhu Harleen , Miller Charles C. , Holt David
Published: July 2023

The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) contributes significantly to intraoperative anemia. The use of a prescriptive circuit that is tailored to the patient size could significantly reduce priming volumes, resulting in less hemodilution. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a prescriptive circuit resulted in decreased hemodilution, reduced blood product usage, and improved outcomes. In total, 204 patients prospectively received the prescriptive protocol between March 2019 and November 2019. This protocol was composed of three circuit sizes: small [body surface area (BSA) ≤ 1.85 m2], medium (BSA 1.86–2.30 m2), and large (BSA ≥ 2.31 m2). Data for CPB and post-bypass transfusions were collected, along with postoperative outcomes. These patients were then 1:2 propensity score matched to 401 patients who were retrospectively reviewed who had undergone cardiac surgery using a one-sized CPB circuit. The prescriptive protocol cohort had more patients with renal disease, whereas the conventional cohort had more history of hypertension. Intraoperative results show the prescriptive circuit had lower mean prime volume and total prime volume after reverse autologous prime (1,084 mL vs. 1,798 mL,p< .0001; 725 mL vs. 1,181 mL,p< .0001). Ultrafiltration was higher in the prescriptive group (872 vs. 645 mL,p< .0001), which likely balanced the increased use of del Nido cardioplegia in the prescriptive group (1,295 vs. 377 mL,p< .0001). The drop in hematocrit (HCT) from baseline was less in the prescriptive group (15.1 ± 4.91 vs. 16.2 ± 4.88,p= .0149), whereas the postoperative HCT was higher (32.79 ± 4.88 vs. 31.68 ± 4.99,p= .0069). Transfusion of packed red cells did not change between the two groups. Implementation of a prescriptive circuit did not reduce on-bypass or intraoperative blood product usage. However, there was a significant reduction in on-bypass hemodilution and increased postoperative HCT.
American Society of ExtraCorporeal Technology: Development of Standards and Guidelines for Pediatric and Congenital Perfusion Practice (2019)
Authors: Oldeen Molly E. , Angona Ronald E. , Hodge Ashley , Klein Tom
Published: July 2023

The development of standards and guidelines by professional societies offers clinicians guidance toward providing evidence-based care. The ultimate goals of standards and guidelines are to standardize care and improve patient safety and outcomes while also minimizing risk. The American Society of ExtraCorporeal Technology (AmSECT) currently offers perfusionists several clinical resources, primarily theStandards and Guidelines for Perfusion Practice; however, no document exists specific to pediatric perfusion. Historically, the development of a pediatric-specific document has been limited by available scientific evidence because of smaller patient populations, sample sizes, and variable techniques among congenital perfusionists. In the current setting of evolving clinical practices and increasingly complex cardiac operations, a subcommittee of pediatric perfusionists developed theStandards and Guidelines for Pediatric and Congenital Perfusion Practice. The development process included a comprehensive literature review for supporting evidence to justify new recommendations or updates to the existing AmSECT Adult Standards and Guidelines document. Multiple revisions incorporating feedback from the community led to a finalized document accepted by the AmSECT member and made available electronically in May 2019. TheStandards and Guidelines for Pediatric and Congenital Perfusion Practiceis an essential tool for pediatric perfusionists, serves as the backbone for institutionally based protocols, promotes improved decision-making, and identifies opportunities for future research and collaboration with other disciplines. The purpose of this article is to summarize the process of development, the content, and recommended utilization of AmSECT’sStandards and Guidelines for Pediatric and Congenital Perfusion Practice.AmSECT recommends adoption of theStandards and Guidelines for Pediatric and Congenital Perfusion Practiceto reduce practice variation and enhance clinical safety.
Clinical and Hematological Outcomes of Aminocaproic Acid Use During Pediatric Cardiac ECMO
Authors: Coleman Madison , Davis Joel , Maher Kevin O. , Deshpande Shriprasad R.
Published: July 2023

Bleeding and thrombosis-related complications are common in pediatric cardiac patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and are associated with morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of aminocaproic acid (ACA), an antifibrinolytic agent, as it pertains to bleeding in pediatric cardiac patients on ECMO. This included a retrospective cohort study of pediatric cardiac patients receiving ACA while supported on ECMO between 2013 and 2017. For each patient, data were collected in three time intervals: the 24 hours before ACA initiation, and then 0–24 and 24–48 hours following ACA initiation. For each time frame, bleeding, component transfusion, and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. A total of 62 patients were included, representing 42% of our cardiac ECMO patients during the time period. ACA was initiated at 16.3 ± 8.7 hours following initiation of ECMO. The mean bleeding rate before ACA was 10.57 mL/kg/h, which reduced to 7.8 mL/kg/h in the 24-hour period after initiation of ACA and a further decrease to 3.65 mL/kg/h during the 24- to 48-hour time period following ACA initiation. ACA administration was associated with reduction in bleeding (p < .001) and packed red blood cell transfusions (p = .02), administration of fresh frozen plasma (p < .001), platelets (p = .017), cryoprecipitate (p = .05), factor VII (p = .002), and Cell Saver (p = .005). Hemoglobin and platelet count were stable, whereas prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time, and international normalized ratio (INR) showed significant reduction over the time course. ACA administration was not associated with specific adverse effects. A clinically significant reduction in bleeding amount, red blood cell transfusions, and other hematologic interventions occurred following ACA administration for pediatric patients on ECMO. Wider consideration for ACA use as a part of a multipronged strategy to manage bleeding during ECMO should be considered.
Effects of Modified Ultrafiltration on Thromboelastographic Profile after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Abbas Umair , Loomba Rohit S. , Urbas Cynthia , Li Yi , El-Zein Chawki
Published: July 2023

Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) is still used after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in some pediatric cardiac surgery centers to decrease transfusion requirements. Other potential benefits of MUF include clearance of inflammatory markers and improvement in myocardial function. Our hypothesis is that MUF will hemoconcentrate coagulation factors and improve thromboelastography (TEG) parameters after pediatric CPB. Patients younger than 6 months were prospectively enrolled over a year. TEG was carried out before MUF, after MUF, and after protamine administration. Paired t tests were conducted to compare values pre-MUF and post-MUF as well as post-MUF and post-protamine administration. Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, with 20 (67%) neonates in the cohort. Seven arterial switch operations and nine Norwood procedures were found to be performed among the cohort. Reaction time (R), angle (α), and maximum amplitude (MA) were significantly worse post-MUF compared with pre-MUF (p < .001). They improved significantly after protamine administration compared with post-MUF (p < .001). The amount of fluid removal was significantly associated with a worse post-MUF R, angle, and MA and worse post-protamine administration, angle, and MA but with no effect on post-protamine R. MUF caused worsening of TEG parameters that is reversed by protamine administration.
Spectrum Medical Quantum or Terumo CDI 500: Which Device Measures Hemoglobin and Oxygen Saturation Most Accurately When Compared to a Benchtop Blood Analyzer?
Authors: Reagor James A. , Gao Zhiqian , Tweddell James S.
Published: July 2023

To examine the accuracy between analyzers, the Terumo CDI 500 and the Spectrum Medical Quantum were compared to each other and to the ABL90 FLEX benchtop blood analyzer. Patients were retrospectively identified who underwent cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass between August 1, 2018 and November 1, 2019. Hemoglobin and venous saturation (SvO2) values from all three analyzers were collected. Measurements from the Quantum and the CDI 500 were averaged over 1 minute to provide a single value for the minute for the given device. Blood analysis on the ABL90 benchtop device was performed at a minimum of every hour during congenital cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). There were 519 patients included in the analysis. Data points numbering 69,404 and 70,598 were analyzed when comparing the CDI 500 to the Quantum for hemoglobin and SvO2, respectively. Comparison of hemoglobin and SvO2for the CDI 500 and Quantum versus ABL90 used 2283 and 1414 data points respectively, in each group. The CDI 500 and Quantum reported hemoglobin within 1 g/dL of the ABL90 86.9% and 87.5% of the time, respectively. The CDI 500 and Quantum reported SvO2within 3% of the ABL90 61.0% and 57.9% of the time, respectively. The mean difference between the CDI 500 and Quantum hemoglobin and SvO2measurements equaled .194 g/dL (p < .001) and .861% (p < .001), respectively and were both significantly different from zero. All device comparisons were statistically significantly different when compared to zero difference, likely due to the large data set as the magnitudes of these differences are all quite small and may not be clinically significant. However, while the reader should judge for themselves based upon their specific practice, in our opinion, the 95% Limit of Agreement was too large for either the CDI 500 or Quantum hemoglobin and SvO2values to be substituted for ABL90 values. As recommended by the manufacturers, the CDI 500 and Quantum should only be used as a trending device.
Bifurcated Arterial Circulation for Hybrid Aortic Reconstruction: A Novel Technique
Authors: Blessing Joshua , Bagamari Gabor
Published: July 2023

Hybrid aortic procedures present many new challenges to the management of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Reoperation or previous thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) can further complicate these procedures, increasing the need for flexibility within the CPB system to execute multiple perfusion strategies as cases dictate. This technique describes the use of a bifurcated arterial circulation to provide both cerebral and lower body perfusion during a redo hybrid aortic arch reconstruction. The arterial line was divided into upper and lower body limbs, and connected to an 8-mm Dacron graft to the axillary artery, as well as a percutaneous 16-Fr. OptiSite femoral arterial cannula respectively. A 25-Fr. multi-stage femoral venous cannula was placed percutaneously as well. CPB was initiated utilizing both arterial cannulas with near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalogram to monitor the adequacy of cerebral perfusion. Moderate hypothermia of 26°C was induced and a CODA balloon (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN) was deployed to occlude the proximal limb of a thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) graft; the common trunk of the debranched arch vessels was clamped proximally, allowing for simultaneous upper and lower body perfusion. Upon completion of the distal arch, the CODA balloon was removed and total body perfusion was reinitiated via central cannulation utilizing a sidearm on the arch graft.
Flexible gamma photon detector based on plastic scintillation optical fibers
Authors: Rodríguez-Razón Uriel , Vera-Tizatl Pamela , Ramírez-Nava Gerardo , Santos-Cuevas Leticia , Chairez Isaac
Published: July 2023

Detecting small-volume tumoral tissues is a central goal within the nuclear imaging disciplines. Early detection of such small tumors may contribute to the suitable treatment of diverse cancers or the identification of metastatic nodules. Furthermore, the application of feasible radionuclides could contribute to the identification of such tumoral tissues. However, characterizing such radiation sources requires detectors that must adapt their forms to obtain a precise identification of the tumor location. This study's primary outcome was a suitable flexible gamma-ray detector capable of measuring the radiation emitted from small-volumetrics. The detector implements scintillating plastic fibers integrated into an avalanche photodiode (APD), which constitute the main elements of the proposed detection system. The proposed system was characterized in terms of the electrical response, as well as the detection characteristics of the radionuclide source. The optical efficiency of the plastic optical fibers and the photons detection settings of the APD served to develop a prototype of a gamma-probe system. This detection device can be specifically oriented to provide a trustable gamma detector of small-volume radiation sources with the corresponding corrections for the scattering and the compensation for attenuation and background factors. The system design included the corresponding electrical conditioning circuit and the signal processing software. This software detected and discriminated the voltage level to characterize the photon energy. A preclinical study represented the distance and angular sensibilities of the proposed detector to the 99m
Tc-RGD (pegylated arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) radiopharmaceutical in a murine model.
The evaluation of the osteopromoting capabilities of composites based on biopolymers and gold/silver nanoparticles doped bioactive glasses on an experimental rat bone defect
Authors: Dreanca Alexandra , Bogdan Sidonia , Popescu Andra , Sand Denisa , Pall Emoke , Astilean Andreea Niculina , Pestean Cosmin , Toma Corina , Marza Sorin , Taulescu Marian , Cenariu Mihai , Sevastre Bogdan , Oana Liviu , Todea Milica , Baia Lucian , Magyari Klara
Published: July 2023

The most important concept behind using bone scaffolds is the biocompatibility of the material to avoid a local inflammatory response and must have the following properties: osteoinduction, osteoconductivity, angiogenesis, and mechanical support for cell growth. Gold nanoparticles/gold and silver nanoparticles -containing bioactive glasses in biopolymer composites have been used to enhance bone regeneration. These composites were tested in vitro on fibroblast and osteoblast cell lines using MTT tests, immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and in vivo in an experimental bone defect in Sprague-Dawley rats. Both composites promoted adequate biological effects on human fibroblastic BJ (CRL 2522TM) cell lines and human osteoblastic cells isolated from the human patella in terms of cell proliferation, morphology, migration, and attachment. Most importantly, they did not cause cellular apoptosis and necrosis. According to the histological and immunohistochemical results, both composites were osteoinductive and promoted new bone formation at 60 d. Evidence from this study suggests that the small amount of silver content does not influence negatively the in vitro or in vivo results. In addition, we obtained accurate results proving that the existence of apatite layer and proteins on the surface of the recovered composite, supports the validity of in vitro bioactivity research.
Does mean sea level trend mask historical storm surge trend: evidence from tropical cyclones affecting Japan since 1980
Authors: Islam Md. Rezuanul , Duc Le , Sawada Yohei , Satoh Masaki
Published: July 2023

Variability in storminess, storm surge, and mean sea level (MSL) can substantially alter coastal hazards associated with extreme sea levels (ESLs). However, the detection and attribution of the past changes in tropical cyclone (TC) activity and associated storm surges are hampered by the inhomogeneous TC records. In this study, we investigate spatiotemporal changes in storm surge levels in Japan from 1980 to 2019, a period when observational platforms including tide gauges and storm records are highly consistent. We find statistical evidence supporting the increase in surge annual maxima in several places including the bay area of Tokyo since 1980. This rate of change is comparable to that observed for MSL rise over the same period. These findings cast doubt on the current hypothesis underlying the flood adaptation plan, which assumes that future surge extremes will remain the same and only considers MSL changes. We demonstrate that the changes in ESL in the last 40 years cannot be explained by the rise of MSL alone. Rather, the northeastward shifting of TC landfall location along with intensifying and widening of TCs, might have altered the likelihood of ESL, including surge extremes. The substantial influence of these TC meteorological variables on surge levels combined with the rise of MSL, suggests that current coastal planning practices including critical heights for flood defenses might be inadequate in the future.
Quantum advantage
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: July 2023

James McKenzie is impressed by the UK’s new 10-year National Quantum Strategy, which builds on its “first mover” advantage.
US needs ‘quantum Oppenheimer’
Authors: Earl Duncan
Published: July 2023

Duncan Earl, chief technology officer at Qubitekk, says the US can only win the quantum race if it has a co-ordinated quantum programme under cohesive leadership.
Creating storage for solar energy
Authors: Stevenson Richard
Published: July 2023

In sunny locations, solar power can sometimes produce too much electricity for the grid. Australian company RayGen hopes to solve this problem by combining its hi-tech solar systems with thermal storage, as Richard Stevenson reports.
Beyond the quantum woo-niverse
Authors: Moriarty Philip
Published: July 2023

Philip Moriarty reviews Quantum Bullsh*t: How to Ruin Your Life with Advice from Quantum Physics by Chris Ferrie.
Pharmacists’ role in supporting the return of over 10,000 preemptive pharmacogenomics results: The Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Mitaly Serena , Wright Jessica , El Melik Razan , Matey Eric
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To develop a pharmacist-driven, exploratory pharmacogenomics implementation model with the goal of creating a process for pharmacists to interpret pharmacogenomics results from RIGHT 10K Study samples and provide electronic consults to providers.

A train-the-trainer model program was initiated whereby pharmacogenomics pharmacists developed a documentation template and a quick reference guide as a standard guide to train other pharmacists. Pharmacists completed electronic consults (e-consults) reviewing pharmacogenomics results, with reference to drug-gene interactions, for patients with “semi-urgent” and “clinically actionable” results, defined as those indicating a potential for gene-drug interactions to cause major harm and those indicating a potential for an adverse drug reaction or reduced efficacy, respectively. Outcomes measured included the number of consults over time, number and role of pharmacists involved, average time to complete e-consults over time, and gene-drug pairs for semi-urgent consults per month. A total of 395 pharmacists were trained. The total number of e-consults completed was 2,843: 61 semi-urgent and 2,782 clinically actionable consults. The average time spent per consult was 24 minutes, and the average number of e-consults per pharmacist was 7. CYP2C19-clopidogrel was the most common gene-drug pair targeted in semi-urgent consults.

Conclusion

Pharmacy leaders planning to implement similar pharmacogenomics programs can utilize this data to estimate hiring needs for future pharmacogenomics implementation, while also considering the potential additional cost of developing resources.
Effects of flash-boil shucking on biochemical, sensorial and ultrastructural properties of Yesso Scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) adductor muscle during refrigeration
Authors: Niu Yabin , Dong Shiliang , Wada Nobuyoshi , Wei Huamao , Yamashita Tetsuro , Takaki Koichi , Yuan Chunhong
Published: July 2023

Scallop adductor muscle has great popularity for raw consumption in Japan, but conventionally shucking live scallops with high vitality by knife requires skill and is time-consuming. Flash-boil shucking is a convenient shucking method in sushi restaurants for live scallops. However, the effects of this treatment on the quality of its main edible part, the adductor muscle, are not clear. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of flash-boil shucking on the quality of raw-edible scallop adductor muscle, focusing on flavor-enhancing components and ultrastructure. Thermal treatment could contribute to the formation of flavor-enhancing nucleotides in the external layer of the adductor muscle. Adenosine monophosphate content increased with the boiling time, which significantly increased to 1.47±0.42 µmol/g in the 30 s-boiled group compared with 0.38±0.13 µmol/g in the control group (p<0.05). The rapid adenosine monophosphate accumulation after boiling resulted in a faster accumulation of inosine and hypoxanthine during subsequent refrigeration, which could bring bitterness to aquatic products. Flash-boil shucking had no discernible effect on the proportion of free amino acids relevant to the flavor of scallop adductor muscle, despite the possibility of a reduction in total free amino acids. The external layer of the scallop adductor muscle could be hardened after flash-boil shucking. At the ultrastructural level, muscle fibers tend to aggregate transversely and contract longitudinally depending on the heating time. Flash-boil shucking is ideal for consuming the raw-edible scallop adductor muscle promptly. Flash-boil shucking treatment is recommended for households, restaurants, and small factories for treating scallops with high vitality.
Advances in endobariatrics: past, present, and future
Authors: Shenoy Abhishek , Schulman Allison R
Published: July 2023

The obesity epidemic in the USA and worldwide is well documented and continues to grow. Endoscopic metabolic and bariatric therapies may offer a less invasive approach than surgical intervention. This article will review advances in endobariatrics over the last several decades, addressing the past and current state of bariatric and metabolic endoscopy. Food and Drug Administration-cleared devices and interventions currently under investigation are described including gastric devices, gastric remodeling procedures, small-bowel devices, duodenal ablation, as well as procedures to address weight regain after bariatric surgery. Future studies evaluating gastric and duodenal combination therapy, adjunctive pharmacotherapy, as well as individualized precision-health algorithms are underway.
Volatile compound-mediated plant–plant interactions under stress with the tea plant as a model
Authors: Jin Jieyang , Zhao Mingyue , Jing Tingting , Zhang Mengting , Lu Mengqian , Yu Guomeng , Wang Jingming , Guo Danyang , Pan Yuting , Hoffmann Timothy D , Schwab Wilfried , Song Chuankui
Published: July 2023

Plants respond to environmental stimuli via the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and neighboring plants constantly monitor and respond to these VOCs with great sensitivity and discrimination. This sensing can trigger increased plant fitness and reduce future plant damage through the priming of their own defenses. The defense mechanism in neighboring plants can either be induced by activation of the regulatory or transcriptional machinery, or it can be delayed by the absorption and storage of VOCs for the generation of an appropriate response later. Despite much research, many key questions remain on the role of VOCs in interplant communication and plant fitness. Here we review recent research on the VOCs induced by biotic (i.e. insects and pathogens) and abiotic (i.e. cold, drought, and salt) stresses, and elucidate the biosynthesis of stress-induced VOCs in tea plants. Our focus is on the role of stress-induced VOCs in complex ecological environments. Particularly, the roles of VOCs under abiotic stress are highlighted. Finally, we discuss pertinent questions and future research directions for advancing our understanding of plant interactions via VOCs.