bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 700 ks Chandra Spiderweb Field
Authors: Tozzi P. , Gilli R. , Liu A. , Borgani S. , Lepore M. , Di Mascolo L. , Saro A. , Pentericci L. , Carilli C. , Miley G. , Mroczkowski T. , Pannella M. , Rasia E. , Rosati P. , Anderson C. S. , Calabró A. , Churazov E. , Dannerbauer H. , Feruglio C. , Fiore F. , Gobat R. , Jin S. , Nonino M. , Norman C. , Röttgering H. J. A.
Published: September 2022

Aims. We present the X-ray imaging and spectral analysis of the diffuse emission around the radio galaxy J1140-2629 (the Spiderweb galaxy) at z = 2.16 and of its nuclear emission, based on a deep (700 ks) Chandra observation.

Methods. We obtained a robust characterization of the unresolved nuclear emission, and carefully computed the contamination in the surrounding regions due to the wings of the instrument point spread function. Then, we quantified the extended emission within a radius of 12 arcsec. We used the Jansky Very Large Array radio image to identify the regions overlapping the jets, and performed X-ray spectral analysis separately in the jet regions and in the complementary area.

Results. We find that the Spiderweb galaxy hosts a mildly absorbed quasar, showing a modest yet significant spectral and flux variability on a timescale of ∼1 year (observed frame). We find that the emission in the jet regions is well described by a power law with a spectral index of Γ ∼ 2 − 2.5, and it is consistent with inverse-Compton upscattering of the cosmic microwave background photons by the relativistic electrons. We also find a roughly symmetric, diffuse emission within a radius of ∼100 kpc centered on the Spiderweb galaxy. This emission, which is not associated with the jets, is significantly softer and consistent with thermal bremsstrahlung from a hot intracluster medium (ICM) with a temperature of kT = 2.0−0.4+0.7 keV, and a metallicity of Z <  1.6 Z⊙ at 1σ c.l. The average electron density within 100 kpc is ne = (1.51  ±  0.24 ± 0.14) × 10−2 cm−3, corresponding to an upper limit for the total ICM mass of ≤(1.76  ±  0.30  ±  0.17) × 1012 M⊙ (where error bars are 1σ statistical and systematic, respectively). The rest-frame luminosity L0.5 − 10 keV = (2.0 ± 0.5) × 1044 erg s−1 is about a factor of 2 higher than the extrapolated L − T relation for massive clusters, but still consistent within the scatter. If we apply hydrostatic equilibrium to the ICM, we measure a total gravitational mass M(<100 kpc) = (1.5−0.3+0.5) × 1013 M⊙ and, extrapolating at larger radii, we estimate a total mass M500 = (3.2−0.6+1.1) × 1013 M⊙ within a radius of r500 = (220 ± 30) kpc.

Conclusions. We conclude that the Spiderweb protocluster shows significant diffuse emission within a radius of 12 arcsec, whose major contribution is provided by inverse-Compton scattering associated with the radio jets. Outside the jet regions, we also identified thermal emission within a radius of ∼100 kpc, revealing the presence of hot, diffuse baryons that may represent the embryonic virialized halo of the forming cluster.
Constraining the dark energy models using baryon acoustic oscillations: An approach independent of H0 ⋅ rd
Authors: Staicova Denitsa , Benisty David
Published: September 2022

The H0 tension and the accompanying rd tension are a hot topic in current cosmology. In order to remove the degeneracy between the Hubble parameter H0 and the sound horizon scale rd from the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) datasets, we redefined the likelihood by marginalizing over the H0 ⋅ rd parameter and then we performed a full Bayesian analysis for different models of dark energy (DE). We find that our datasets that are uncalibrated by early or late physics cannot constrain the DE models properly without further assumptions. By adding the type Ia supernova (SNIa) dataset, the models are constrained better with smaller errors on the DE parameters. The two BAO datasets we used – one with angular measurements and one with angular and radial ones, with their covariance – show statistical preferences for different models, with the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model being the best model for one of them. Adding the Pantheon SNIa dataset with its covariance matrix boosts the statistical preference for the ΛCDM model.
Stability in distribution and stabilization of switching jump diffusions
Authors: Tran Ky Q. , Nguyen Dang H. , Yin George
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to study stability in distribution of Markovian switching jump diffusions. The main motivation stems from stability and stabilizing hybrid systems in which there is no trivial solution. An explicit criterion for stability in distribution is derived. The stabilizing effects of Markov chains, Brownian motions, and Poisson jumps are revealed. Based on these criteria, stabilization problems of stochastic differential equations with Markovian switching and Poisson jumps are developed.
Trifunctional fluorescent manganese ferrite nanoparticles for hyperthermia therapy, cell probing and drug delivery
Authors: Mandal Goswami Madhuri , De Debarati
Published: September 2022

Here we have reported a new protocol for drug delivery from hollow sphere manganese ferrite nanoparticles (HMF NPs). The crystalline structure of HMF NPs is obtained from XRD measurement and the morphological and elemental analysis are obtained from FESEM & TEM measurements. Here the HMF NPs are properly designed for delivery of dopamine (DA) as anticancer drug to cancer site. The DA polymerizes to a giant molecule polydopamine (PDA) inside hollow HMF in presence of TRIS buffer at pH (8.5) and a composite, HMF-PDA is formed. Being giant molecule polydopamine remain stable inside the hollow particles, but when these HMF-PDA come in contact of low pH i.e. pH 5 (cancer cells pH), free DA starts to be released. At hyperthermic temperature (45 °C) release enhances compare to physiological temperature (37 °C). The DA release studies are monitored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy with progress of time at different temperatures and pH. It has been observed that HMF-PDA has fluorescent property whereas DA has no such effects. So, incorporation of PDA inside HMF and tagging of HMF-PDA with cancer cells can also be monitored by fluorescence imaging. Hence, we have successfully synthesized trifunctional HMF-PDA composite which can serve three purposes like cancer cell probing by fluorescence imaging, hyperthermia therapy and drug delivery by magnetic field and pH trigger method.
[18F]FDG-PET/CT bei Lymphomen – Pitfalls
und Normvarianten
Authors: Schweighofer-Zwink Gregor , Pilz Julia , Beheshti Mohsen , Pirich Christian
Published: September 2022

Nuklearmediziner*innen sollten mit Normvarianten in der Bildgebung und
häufigen Pitfalls, die zu Fehlinterpretationen und damit zu potenziellen
Änderungen des Managements bei Patienten mit Hodgkin und
Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen führen könnten, vertraut sein. In diesem
Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über häufig
auftretende Pitfalls in der [18F]FDG PET/CT bei Lymphomen
sowie über seltene Ursachen für Fehlbefunde und deren
Interpretation.
Triggerfrei zu Tisch!
Authors: März Henrike
Published: September 2022

MS-Patienten sollten entzündungsfördernde Nahrungsfaktoren wie gesättigte Fettsäuren und leichtverdauliche Kohlenhydrate meiden. Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten, zum Beispiel auf Gluten, sollten als Triggerfaktor ebenfalls abgeklärt werden. Erste Veröffentlichungen und Studien legen einen Zusammenhang zu MS nahe. Als entzündungshemmende Mikronährstoffe empfehlen sich in der Ernährung und zur Substitution unter anderem Vitamin D, Omega-3-Fettsäuren und Alpha-Liponsäure.
Spectral CT in Oncology
Authors: Sauerbeck Julia , Adam Gerhard , Meyer Mathias
Published: September 2022

Background Spectral CT is gaining increasing clinical importance with multiple potential applications, including oncological imaging. Spectral CT-specific image data offers multiple advantages over conventional CT image data through various post-processing algorithms, which will be highlighted in the following review.

Methodology The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of potential useful oncologic applications of spectral CT and to highlight specific spectral CT pitfalls. The technical background, clinical advantages of primary and follow-up spectral CT exams in oncology, and the application of appropriate spectral tools will be highlighted.

Results/Conclusions Spectral CT imaging offers multiple advantages over conventional CT imaging, particularly in the field of oncology. The combination of virtual native and low monoenergetic images leads to improved detection and characterization of oncologic lesions. Iodine-map images may provide a potential imaging biomarker for assessing treatment response.

Key Points:

Citation Format
Resveratrol Protects BEAS-2B Cells against Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis through the Nrf2/Keap1 Pathway
Authors: Huang Wenhan , Yu Liuda , Cai Wanru , Ma Chunfang
Published: September 2022

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death that is different from other types of cell death morphologically and biologically. It is considered to play an important role in many
pulmonary diseases. Currently, the regulatory roles of antioxidation in lung epithelial ferroptosis have not been fully explored. In this study, we show that resveratrol protected
erastin-induced ferroptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Erastin led to increased reactive oxygen species production and iron deposition in BEAS-2B cells, which could be rescued by resveratrol.
Furthermore, we observed that resveratrol led to modulating ferroptosis-associated gene glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and regulating glutathione in BEAS-2B cells. Resveratrol exerted
an antioxidant property in erastin-induced ferroptosis of BEAS-2B cells by activating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein signaling pathway.
Finally, these findings demonstrate that resveratrol protects BEAS-2B from erastin-induced ferroptosis.
Effects of Chrysin on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro
Authors: Puengsurin Duangchewan , Buranapraditkun Supranee , Leewansangtong Chayanee , Taechaaukarakul Nitchakarn , Songsivilai Proud , Surarit Rudee , Kitkumthorn Nakarin
Published: September 2022

Objective Chrysin is a hydroxylated flavonoid derived from “propolis or bee glue,” a natural product. Previous research on chrysin's biological functions, including anticancer activity, had been reported. However, chrysin's effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still scarce. This article aimed to test the cytotoxicity, antiproliferative, antimigration, anti-invasion, and apoptotic effects of purified chrysin in two OSCC cell lines, HSC4 and SCC25.

Materials and Methods The malignant phenotype was assessed using cell proliferation, wound healing, and transwell assays. Cell apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry. The positive control was OSCC cells treated with cisplatin, and the negative control was OSCC cells incubated with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide.

Results Chrysin at concentrations of 100 and 200 µM could inhibit OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as enhance cell apoptosis, particularly in the early stages of apoptosis.

Conclusion In OSCC cell lines, chrysin has been demonstrated to be an effective antioncogenic agent. Additional research is required to confirm the results. Chrysin should be suggested as a possible alternative therapeutic application for OSCC.
Premolar Extraction Affects Mandibular Kinematics
Authors: Londoño Alejandra , Assis Miguel , Fornai Cinzia , Greven Markus
Published: September 2022

Objectives The practice of premolar extraction in orthodontics is controversial for its potential detrimental effects on the stomatognathic system. However, the ways in which premolar extraction affects mandibular function are still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of premolar extraction on mandibular kinematics by evaluating axiographic tracings.

Materials and Methods Forty-five orthodontically treated patients with premolar teeth extraction were compared with 45 paired untreated controls, selected for the absence of malocclusions. Systematic three-dimensional axiographic recordings of the mandibular movements were performed for protrusive–retrusive movements and speech. The transversal deviations and length of the movements were recorded for both sides along with the rotation angle during speech.

Statistical Analysis Differences between the axiographic variables were analyzed via the permutation test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Linear regression was performed to test whether axiographic parameters were predictive of group affiliation. Dot plots were used to explore the distribution of each of the axiographic outcomes, and isometric principal component analysis to assess the differences between the cumulative effects of premolar extraction on jaw motion.

Results The mandibular lateral translation in protrusion–retrusion and speech, the amount of rotation as well as the length of mandibular movements during speech were significantly higher in the treated subjects than in the controls, while retral stability did not differ. The linear regression yielded significant results for the mandibular lateral translation in protrusion–retrusion. The isometric principal component analysis showed higher values of the axiographic variables for 11 out of 45 individuals in the study sample compared with the control group.

Conclusions Premolar extraction altered mandibular kinematics in at least 25% of the cases within our sample, and the transversal discrepancy between protrusive and retrusive tracings was even predictive of group affiliation. These results support the notion that the routine practice of premolar extraction as part of the orthodontic treatment should be discouraged. It is compelling to perform further studies to assess whether a disrupted kinematics of the mandible is associated to temporomandibular disorders.
The affective-discursive ‘pruning’ of neoliberal selves: introducing the notion of self-othering
Authors: Chowdhury Nilima
Published: September 2022

In this article, I develop the notion ofself-otheringdefined as the affective orchestration of different voices-of-the-self as an important self-constitutive practice of neoliberal subjectivity. I posit that neoliberal subjectification relies onotheringthose facets—skills, attributes, bodily properties—that do not conform to idealised notions of the self. By applying this conceptual lens to empirical material drawn from a qualitative research project on women’s identity negotiations, my aim is to show that affect, notably what feels right/wrong, plays a crucial role in aligning the body with neoliberal culture. The affective-discursive approach to analysing the dialogical self I propose is based on a problematisation of neoliberal logic and thus draws attention to the normativity of affect. The analysis of practices of self-othering lays bare how certain voices and ways of beingbecome unsayable.However, their presence in people’s self-constructions also suggests that they could be re-articulated to formulate a counter ideal.
Internal CSR and blue-collar workers’ attitudes and behaviors in China: a combination of a cross-sectional study and a field experiment
Authors: Lin-Hi Nick , Gao-Urhahn Xiaohan , Biemann Torsten , Koch-Bayram Irmela F.
Published: September 2022

While a positive relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employee outcomes has been widely researched, most studies have been conducted in a Western context and for white-collar employees. Thus, little is known about Chinese blue-collar workers’ reactions to CSR. In two studies, we investigated the outcomes of internal CSR for blue-collar workers in the Chinese manufacturing industry. In the cross-sectional study, we found that perceived internal CSR is positively related to job satisfaction, trust in management, and perceived supervisory support. To further disentangle cause-and-effect relationships, we conducted a field experiment. The results show that internal CSR information increases performance quantity and lowers complaints, but also lowers performance quality and does not affect workers’ voice behavior. Our results further reveal that workers’ attitudes toward ethics and social responsibility are an important moderator which strengthens some of the hypothesized effects.
Coloring outside the lines? Imaginary reconstitution of security in Yemen through image transformations
Authors: Glybchenko Yelyzaveta
Published: September 2022

Inspired by new—forming in 2020—hopes for security and peace in Yemen, this essay explores the potential of digital image transformations for further empowerment of local actors already working for security and peace as well as bringing grassroots solutions into spotlight and into being. The essay analyzes the artistic transformation of a series of photographs submitted by a Yemeni citizen to the informal art-for-peace project Color Up Peace and turned into coloring pages for further engagement and transformation. Employing the utopia-informed methodology of Imaginary Reconstitution of Security, the analysis explores coloring pages as fields of opportunity to facilitate participation in peacework. Three questions guide this exploration: “what are visual images?,” “what do they do?” and “what is the normative basis of employing them?”—in relation to security as part of sustaining quality peace. The essay seeks to emphasize the importance of inclusive peace processes and arrangements, informed by everyday experiences of (in)security/(non)peace of regular citizens and allowing for a wide range of actors to participate. The included virtual exhibition of photographs, coloring pages and colored art further asks questions about participation, visuality and digitality of images and invites readers to make art and make peace within the project.
The transformation of participatory warfare: The role of narratives in connective mobilization in the Russia–Ukraine war
Authors: Asmolov Gregory
Published: September 2022

The participatory affordances of digital media allow a broad spectrum of new forms of participation in conflicts that go beyond the information domain (Boichak in Battlefront volunteers: mapping and deconstructing civilian resilience networks in Ukraine. #SMSociety’17, July 28–30, 2017). This article explores the factors that shape forms of digitally mediated participation in warfare. It highlights the association between narratives of statehood and forms of conflict-related mobilization of volunteers that rely on digital platforms. Rooted in an analysis of a dataset of digital platforms that mediated engagement in the warfare and 31 in-depth interviews with Ukrainian digital activists, it offers a model that helps to explain the diversity of modes of connective mobilization in the context of the war and the shifts in the role of digitally mediated conflict-related mobilization. The analysis does not aim to provide a linear model that explains the forms of mobilization but rather seeks to develop a framework that helps us understand the changes taking place in the scope and forms of participation in wars relying on digital platforms. The model suggests that the strengthening of narratives of statehood is associated with a transformation of conflict-related mobilization away from crowdsourcing and towards the emergence of organizations offering warfare-related outsourcing services and in some cases the incorporation of digital resources into state institutions (insourcing).
Bifurcation structure and chaos in dynamics of nanomagnet coupled to Josephson junction
Authors: Nashaat M. , Sameh M. , Botha A. E. , Kulikov K. V. , Shukrinov Yu. M.
Published: September 2022

Irregular easy axis reorientation features are observed in numerical simulations of the nanomagnet coupled to the Josephson junction. We study magnetization bifurcations and chaos that appear in this system due to the interplay of superconductivity and magnetism. The bifurcation structure of magnetization under the variation of Josephson to magnetic energy ratio as a control parameter demonstrates several precessional motions that are related to chaotic behavior and orbits with different periodicities in the ferromagnetic resonance region. The effect of an external periodic signal on the bifurcation structure is also investigated. The results demonstrate high-frequency modes of a periodic motion and a chaotic response near resonance. Far from the ferromagnetic resonance, we observe a quasiperiodic behavior. The obtained results explain the irregular reorientation of the easy axis and the transitions between different types of motion.
Ionization balance of non-LTE plasmas from an average-atom collisional-radiative model
Authors: Ovechkin A. A. , Loboda P. A. , Korolev A. S. , Kolchugin S. V. , Vichev I. Yu. , Solomyannaya A. D. , Kim D. A. , Grushin A. S.
Published: September 2022

We present a simplified version of an average-atom collisional-radiative model employing both local-thermodynamic-equilibrium average-atom and isolated-ion atomic data. The simplifications introduced do not lead to any substantial errors, and they significantly speed up calculations compared with the basic average-atom model involving direct solution of the self-consistent-field equations. Average ion charges, charge state distributions, and emission spectra of non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (NLTE) gold plasmas calculated using various modifications of the average-atom collisional-radiative model are compared with those obtained using the THERMOS model with the detailed configuration accounting approach. We also propose an efficient method to calculate thermodynamic functions of NLTE plasmas in the context of the simplified average-atom collisional-radiative model.
Electron–N2 interactions in RF E × B fields
Authors: Ristić Miroslav M. , Stanković Violeta V. , Vojnović Mirjana M. , Poparić Goran B.
Published: September 2022

This study reports on rate coefficient data for excitation of electronic states and ionization of N2 molecules by electrons exposed to mutually perpendicular radio frequency electric and magnetic fields. These quantities were obtained by means of a Monte Carlo simulation, which provides mean electron energies and corresponding energy distributions within one oscillation of the external fields. The time-resolved mean electron energies and rate coefficients as well as their period averaged values are presented. Calculations were performed for different field frequencies, including one of the standard frequencies in the industrial use, 13.56 MHz, and for effective reduced electric field values of 300 and 500 Td, while the effective reduced magnetic field was varied up to 2000 Hx. The fundamental aspect of the obtained results is discussed, which is followed by a collection of tabular data for their eventual use in future models of inductively coupled N2 plasma sources.
A robust and memory-efficient transition state search method for complex energy landscapes
Authors: Avis Samuel J. , Panter Jack R. , Kusumaatmaja Halim
Published: September 2022

Locating transition states is crucial for investigating transition mechanisms in wide-ranging phenomena, from atomistic to macroscale systems. Existing methods, however, can struggle in problems with a large number of degrees of freedom, on-the-fly adaptive remeshing and coarse-graining, and energy landscapes that are locally flat or discontinuous. To resolve these challenges, we introduce a new double-ended method, the Binary-Image Transition State Search (BITSS). It uses just two states that converge to the transition state, resulting in a fast, flexible, and memory-efficient method. We also show that it is more robust compared to existing bracketing methods that use only two states. We demonstrate its versatility by applying BITSS to three very different classes of problems: Lennard-Jones clusters, shell buckling, and multiphase phase-field models.
A mass-conserving and volume-preserving lattice Boltzmann method with dynamic grid refinement for immiscible ternary flows
Authors: He Qiang , Huang Weifeng , Yin Yuan , Hu Yang , Li Decai
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a lattice Boltzmann model with dynamic grid refinement is proposed for immiscible ternary flows, which is capable of conserving the total mass and preserving the volume of each phase. The application of interpolation schemes in adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) techniques results in the violation of the total mass of the fluids system within the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) framework. In the present model, a source term with two free parameters is introduced into the interface capturing equation, which can be determined by the mass conservation and the volume preservation properties. A piecewise constant function has been deliberately incorporated into the source term in order to avoid the appearance of an unphysical fluid at the interface of other two fluids. Based on a block-structured AMR method, the governing equations for phase-field variables and flow hydrodynamic properties are solved by the finite-difference multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) LBM. Simulations of several typical problems are performed in order to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the proposed model. The numerical results demonstrate that the present model can conserve both mass and volume at the same time as well as reduce numerical dispersion in the bulk region.
Band bending induced resonant tunneling in ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Zheng Xingwen , Yang Ying , Zhang Qing , Li Jing , Liu Xiaohui
Published: September 2022

Aside from direct tunneling, resonant tunneling could be introduced into ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) to improve the functionalities. Using a quantum-mechanical model of tunneling, we studied the band bending induced resonant tunneling in FTJs where the band bending could be realized by a proper composite layer and an interface dipole layer. We hope that our work could stimulate further studies of resonant tunneling effects in FTJs.
Electro-osmosis modulated periodic membrane pumping flow and particle motion with magnetic field effects
Authors: Bhandari D. S. , Tripathi Dharmendra , Anwar Bég O.
Published: September 2022

Theoretical studies of micro-electro-mechanical systems provide important insight into the mechanisms and optimization of such devices for a range of applications, including biomedical and chemical engineering. Inspired by emerging applications of microfluidics, unsteady viscous flow in a microchannel with periodic membrane pumping modulated by electro-magnetohydrodynamics is analyzed in a mathematical framework. The membrane kinematics induces the pressure inside the microchannel, where an electric field enhances the capability of the pumping flow rate. This model is formulated based on the Navier–Stokes equations, the Poisson equation, and the Maxwell electromagnetic equations and is further simplified using the lubrication approximations and Debye–Hückel linearization. The transformed dimensionless conservation equations under appropriate boundary conditions are analytically solved and the graphical results are illustrated through MATLAB (2019b) software. From the computational results, it is found that the Hartmann number enhances the fluid pressure uniformly throughout the microchannel, while the electric field parameter enforces the direction of the pressure-driven flow. The time-averaged flow rate exhibits a linear decay with axial pressure gradient, and it is strongly elevated with electric field parameter whereas it is weakly increased with electric double layer thickness parameter. It is further observed that the fluid is driven unidirectionally by the membrane contractions via a particle tracking simulation method. This study is relevant to provide the parametric estimation in designing the magnetic field-based microfluidics devices for microlevel transport phenomena.
Fullerene derivatives—Promising blue light absorbers suppressing visual hazards for efficient indoor light harvesters
Authors: Wu Zonghao , Shi Rui , Chen Tao , Liu Jianqiang , Du Xiaoyan , Ji Ziwu , Hao Xiaotao , Yin Hang
Published: September 2022

With the rise of Internet of Things, indoor organic photovoltaic (IOPV) devices as the promising power supply unit of off-grid electronics have made great progress in recent years. However, as the only acceptable end-goal, their commercial large-scale production is still a long way off although the absolute efficiency values achieve significant breakthroughs and have exceeded 30%. One of the main obstacles to practical application is the impact of IOPV devices on human vision under indoor conditions. Because the IOPV devices usually require expansive areas deployed for larger output power under indoor cases, a semitransparent strategy is commonly adopted to reduce the effects on indoor light environments. Conventional semitransparent bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) with wide-bandgap donors and near-infrared absorbing acceptors generate a huge proportion of residual blue light, which may cause human visual fatigue and injury. Herein, we propose a fullerene derivative blending strategy to suppress the blue light hazards caused by the state-of-the-art IOPV devices and improve the overall device performance. A series of high-efficient non-fullerene BHJs were selected as model systems, and a low dosage of PC71BM molecules can effectively reduce the blue light hazard efficacy (KB,v). Furthermore, with the desirable electron transport property and strong absorbance of PC71BM in the wavelength range of 400–500 nm, the ternary PM6:Y6:PC71BM devices enjoy remarkably improved power conversion efficiencies. This work provides an effective approach to simultaneously suppress KB,v values and improve performance of IOPV devices.
Dynamic modes of a capsule under oscillating shear flow with finite inertia
Authors: Cao Ruizhe , Feng Huiyong , Hou Jian , Wei Bei , Huang Haibo
Published: September 2022

Inertia may significantly influence the transient deformation process and the steady-state structure of a deformable capsule. The behavior of a two-dimensional deformable capsule in shear flow at finite Reynolds numbers (Re) is studied numerically. By simulating numerous cases with different Re and frequencies (f), we observed persistent oscillation, asymmetric oscillation, deflected oscillation, and stable modes. The phase diagram in the Re–f plane is presented. At low frequencies, a capsule shows a phase-lag phenomenon between the deformation and the applied shear. At moderate frequencies, the anomaly of decreasing maximum deformation with increasing Re is observed. The anomaly is attributed to the mode shift. In addition, a scaling law of the maximum deformation of the capsule as a function of Re and f is proposed. This study may shed some light on the identification and screening of cells in vitro as well as the transport and breakup of cells in vivo.
Mechanism and characteristics of thrust generated by a submerged detonation tube for underwater propulsion
Authors: Shao Xin-ke , Kang Yang , Li Ning , Huang Xiao-long , Zhang Jun-shan , Weng Chun-sheng
Published: September 2022

The detonation engine, which can produce high specific impulse during the underwater detonation process (UDP), has become the forefront of underwater propulsion. In this paper, the thrust mechanism conducted in UDP and the propagation characteristics of the complex pressure waves are numerically studied, and the correlation between those two features is analyzed. The thrust from UDP is generated in a submerged detonation tube (SDT) and driven by the stoichiometric methane-oxygen mixture. The results show that detonation of the pre-filled combustible gas mixture gives rise to complex pressure waves and delivers several force impulses to the SDT. The impulses present different effects on the thrust performance, which is divided into two stages. In the first stage, before the detonation wave collides with the exterior water, the thrust is provided by the persistent back pressure effect of the detonation product. When the detonation wave propagates through the SDT exit and strikes the gas–water interface, a transmitted shock wave and a reflected shock wave are formed, which produce the impulses dominating the second stage. The reflected shock wave eventually impinges on the inner wall, imposing a force impulse on it. The pressure disturbance on the annular wall caused by the transmitted shock wave and subsequent detonation gas jet leads to another two thrust impulses. Finally, a comparison between the thrust of the SDT and its counterpart in the air is conducted to characterize the influence of UDP, and the effects of dimensional parameters of the SDT are also investigated.
On Stokes' second problem solutions in cylindrical and Cartesian domains
Authors: Coxe Daniel J. , Peet Yulia T. , Adrian Ronald J.
Published: September 2022

It is well known that drag created by turbulent flow over a surface can be reduced by oscillating the surface in the direction transverse to the mean flow. Efforts to understand the mechanism by which this occurs often apply the solution for laminar flow in the infinite half-space over a planar, oscillating wall (Stokes' second problem) through the viscous and buffer layer of the streamwise turbulent flow. This approach is used for flows having planar surfaces, such as channel flow, and flows over curved surfaces, such as the interior of round pipes. However, surface curvature introduces an additional effect that can be significant, especially when the viscous region is not small compared to the pipe radius. The exact solutions for flow over transversely oscillating walls in a laminar pipe and planar channel flow are compared to the solution of Stokes' second problem to determine the effects of wall curvature and/or finite domain size. It is shown that a single non-dimensional parameter, the Womersley number, can be used to scale these effects and that both effects become small at a Womersley number of greater than about 6.51, which is the Womersley number based on the thickness of the Stokes' layer of the classical solution.
A differential geometric description of thermodynamics in continuum mechanics with application to Fourier–Navier–Stokes fluids
Authors: Califano F. , Rashad R. , Stramigioli S.
Published: September 2022

A description of thermodynamics for continuum mechanical systems is presented in the coordinate-free language of exterior calculus. First, a careful description of the mathematical tools that are needed to formulate the relevant conservation laws is given. Second, following an axiomatic approach, the two thermodynamic principles will be described, leading to a consistent description of entropy creation mechanisms on manifolds. Third, a specialization to Fourier–Navier–Stokes fluids will be carried through.
Effect of inertia on the dynamic contact angle in oscillating menisci
Authors: Fiorini Domenico , Mendez Miguel Alfonso , Simonini Alessia , Steelant Johan , Seveno David
Published: September 2022

The contact angle between a gas–liquid interface and a solid surface is a function of the dynamic conditions of the contact line. Classic steady correlations link the contact angle to the contact line velocity. However, it is unclear whether they hold in the presence of inertia and the case of perfect wetting fluids. We analyze by means of experiments the shape of a liquid interface and the corresponding contact angle in accelerating conditions for two different fluids, that is, HFE7200 (perfect wetting) and demineralized water. The setup consists of a U-shaped quasi-capillary tube in which the liquid column oscillates in response to a pressure step on one of the two sides. We obtained the evolution of the interface shape from high-speed back-light visualization, fit interface models to the experimental data to estimate the contributions of all the governing forces, and perform measurements of the dynamic contact angle. We propose a new model to account for the impact of the interface acceleration on its shape, and we discuss the impact on the measurement of the transient contact angle. The new model allows us to perform dynamic contact angle measurements below 15°, which is challenging to obtain with traditional techniques. We show for the first time a dynamic characterization of the wetting behavior of HFE7200, and we compare the results with traditional hydrodynamic models.
Spreading dynamics of a droplet impacting a sphere
Authors: Long Ming , Hasanyan Jalil , Jung Sunghwan
Published: September 2022

In nature, high-speed rain drops often impact and spread on curved surfaces, e.g., leaves and animal bodies. Although a drop's impact on a surface is a traditional topic for industrial applications, drop-impact dynamics on curved surfaces are less known. In the present study, we examine the time-dependent spreading dynamics of a drop onto a curved hydrophobic surface. We also observed that a drop on a curved surface spreads farther than one on a flat surface. To further understand the spreading dynamics, a new analytical model is developed based on volume conservation and temporal energy balance. This model converges to previous models at the early stage and the final stage of droplet impact. We compared the new model with measured spreading lengths on various curved surfaces and impact speeds, which resulted in good agreement.
Properties and anticancer effects of plasma-activated medium stored at different temperatures
Authors: Fan Runze , Zhao Xinyi , Qi Miao , Zhang Huaiyan , Zhang Xinying , Zhang Jin , Li Qiaosong , Xu Dehui
Published: September 2022

Plasma-activated solution (PAS) has attracted wide attention in cancer treatment because it can treat deep tumors and offer storability. The changes in reactive species and physicochemical properties of PAS during storage can affect its anticancer effect. In this study, the plasma-activated medium (PAM) was prepared by treating RPMI 1640 medium with afterglow gas generated by a custom-built air surface dielectric barrier discharge device. PAM was stored at four common temperature conditions (25 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C, and −80 °C) for 1 day, 4 days, and 7 days, and then, the physicochemical properties, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and the anti-cancer effect on A549 cells under different storage conditions were compared. The results showed that PAM exhibited different anticancer effects at different storage temperatures over a 7 day storage period. The anticancer ability of PAM under 80 °C storage remained stable after 7 days of storage and decreased at all other temperatures. These results were also verified by apoptosis results, and the differences were mainly related to the concentration of H2O2 and NO2−, and oxido reduction potential. Our results provided a theoretical basis for the storage of PAM and its application in anticancer therapy.
Strong relationships between the Northern Territory of Australia and Timor-Leste
Authors: Sarmento Nevio , Oakley Tessa , Soares da Silva Endang , Tilman Ari , Monteiro Merita , Alves Lucsendar , Barreto Ismael , Marr Ian , Draper Anthony D. K. , de Castro Hall Gloria , Yan Jennifer , Francis Joshua R.
Published: September 2022

Strong, enduring partnerships exist between the Northern Territory and Timor-Leste, and in recent years collaborations have led to significant developments in health system capacity in Timor-Leste. Laboratory strengthening has been a key focus; improved diagnostic microbiology capability, especially in the National Health Laboratory, is having an impact on individual patient management and outcomes, epidemiological surveillance, and public health responses to communicable disease challenges including antimicrobial resistance.
Cost-sharing reduction and health service utilisation, health-related lifestyles, and obesity: evidence from the Australian health concession card policy
Authors: Zhou Qin , Du Wei
Published: September 2022

Background The Australian Health Concession Card (HCC) policy aims to improve access to affordable health services and medicines by providing reduced patient cost-sharing. This study explored the association between HCC holding and health service utilisation, as well as health-related lifestyles and obesity in Australian adults. Methods The Australian National Health Survey data were used to derive three sets of study outcomes. Multivariable generalised linear regression models were used to estimate the association between concessional status and study outcomes after controlling for socio-demographic factors. Results HCC holders, compared to their non-concessional counterparts, had more visits to GPs (1.01, 95% CI: 0.74–1.30), specialists (0.23, 95% CI: 0.02–0.44), outpatient clinics (0.19, 95% CI: 0.06–0.31), and had more hospital admissions (0.04, 95% CI: −0.05–0.91). There was no significant difference in visits to doctors and health professionals about mental health problems among HCC holders and their counterparts. Moreover, less HCC holders consumed alcohol on ≥3 days a week (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.93) and had less of an alcohol risk that exceeded the 2001 alcohol guidelines (0.83, 95% CI: 0.69–0.99). Conclusions This study revealed evidence that reduced patient cost-sharing provided by HCC policy was positively correlated with more health service utilisation after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. Strategies to prioritise resources are necessary.
Tree use by koalas after timber harvesting in a mosaic landscape
Authors: Law Bradley , Slade Chris , Gonsalves Leroy , Brassil Traecey , Flanagan Cheyne , Kerr Isobel
Published: September 2022

Context A better understanding of how individual animals use their habitat after disturbance can help optimise management practices for their conservation. Forestry is one such disturbance for koalas that operates under regulations based on best available information to minimise impacts. Aims This study aimed to investigate tree use by koalas in a mosaic of young, regenerating trees after timber harvest and mature trees in adjacent exclusion zones. Methods Tracking collars using very high frequency radio and Global Positioning System transmitters were used to track 10 koalas (five males, five females) across all seasons in three forests, 5–10 years after timber harvesting as regulated by practices current at that time. Tree use was compared to availability based on basal area in different parts of the forest. Key results We tracked koalas to 429 day-trees and 70 night-trees during this time. Males and females displayed little difference in tree use. Blackbutt Eucalyptus pilularis and turpentine Syncarpia glomulifera were the most commonly used species during the day, but blackbutt was ranked with the highest preference relative to tree availability. Tallowwood Eucalyptus microcorys was by far the most commonly used tree at night. Koalas used a broad range of tree sizes during the day and night, but most often used medium-sized trees, with preferences for a diameter of 30–60 cm (slightly smaller at night). Koalas used all topographic positions in the landscape, but more than half of the trees used were in lower topographic areas (gullies and lower slopes). Areas mapped as having previous heavy timber harvesting were the most used forest category, followed by riparian exclusion zones. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that koalas commonly used trees regenerating after harvest, although preferences for medium-sized trees and tallowwood as a night browse tree suggest current forestry regulations can be fine-tuned by retaining a greater proportion of these features. Implications Because most trees were used only once, our results support the view and current practice of retaining habitat patches, such as exclusion zones and wildlife clumps (triggered by a koala habitat model), to provide a mix of species and size classes for both food and shelter. A review of tree size and species retention is recommended.
Elastic properties and shape of the Piezo dome underlying its mechanosensory function
Authors: Haselwandter Christoph A. , Guo Yusong R. , Fu Ziao , MacKinnon Roderick
Published: September 2022

We show in the companion paper that the free membrane shape of lipid bilayer vesicles containing the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo can be predicted, with no free parameters, from membrane elasticity theory together with measurements of the protein geometry and vesicle size [C. A. Haselwandter, Y. R. Guo, Z. Fu, R. MacKinnon,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
, 10.1073/pnas.2208027119 (2022)]. Here we use these results to determine the force that the Piezo dome exerts on the free membrane and hence, that the free membrane exerts on the Piezo dome, for a range of vesicle sizes. From vesicle shape measurements alone, we thus obtain a force–distortion relationship for the Piezo dome, from which we deduce the Piezo dome’s intrinsic radius of curvature,

42
±
12

nm, and bending stiffness,

18
±
2.1
 

k

B

T

, in freestanding lipid bilayer membranes mimicking cell membranes. Applying these estimates to a spherical cap model of Piezo embedded in a lipid bilayer, we suggest that Piezo’s intrinsic curvature, surrounding membrane footprint, small stiffness, and large area are the key properties of Piezo that give rise to low-threshold, high-sensitivity mechanical gating.
Exploring genre variation and simplification in interpreted language from comparable and intermodal
perspectives
Authors: Xu Cui , Li Dechao
Published: September 2022

This article explores genre variation and simplification in interpreted language from both comparable (interpreted
vs. non-interpreted/non-mediated) and intermodal (interpreted vs. translated) perspectives. It draws on a newly built
unidirectional comparable and intermodal corpus named the LegCo+, which features legislative proceedings in the Legislative
Council of Hong Kong (including originals and their translations and interpretations from Cantonese to English), as well as
original plenary speeches delivered by native English speakers in the UK Parliament. It investigates the variation patterns of
four simplification features in three dimensions, namely, standardized type-token ratio (STTR) and list heads for lexical
diversity, lexical density for informativeness, and average sentence length for lexical sophistication. It aims to uncover the
effects of mediation and genre, as well as their interaction effects on linguistic variation. The results indicate that texts of
different mediation statuses and genre categories vary with respect to simplification patterns. From a comparable perspective,
interpretations rely on a narrower range of vocabulary than non-interpretations, but they are also more informative, and such
informativeness is dependent on genre categories. Intermodally speaking, interpretations exhibit consistent patterns of
simplification, indicating a strong modality (or mode of mediation) effect.
PtdIns(3,4)P2, Lamellipodin, and VASP coordinate actin dynamics during phagocytosis in macrophages
Authors: Montaño-Rendón Fernando , Walpole Glenn F.W. , Krause Matthias , Hammond Gerald R.V. , Grinstein Sergio , Fairn Gregory D.
Published: September 2022

Phosphoinositides are pivotal regulators of vesicular traffic and signaling during phagocytosis. Phagosome formation, the initial step of the process, is characterized by local membrane remodeling and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton that leads to formation of the pseudopods that drive particle engulfment. Using genetically encoded fluorescent probes, we found that upon particle engagement a localized pool of PtdIns(3,4)P2 is generated by the sequential activities of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases and phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases. Depletion of this locally generated pool of PtdIns(3,4)P2 blocks pseudopod progression and ultimately phagocytosis. We show that the PtdIns(3,4)P2 effector Lamellipodin (Lpd) is recruited to nascent phagosomes by PtdIns(3,4)P2. Furthermore, we show that silencing of Lpd inhibits phagocytosis and produces aberrant pseudopodia with disorganized actin filaments. Finally, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) was identified as a key actin-regulatory protein mediating phagosome formation downstream of Lpd. Mechanistically, our findings imply that a pathway involving PtdIns(3,4)P2, Lpd, and VASP mediates phagocytosis at the stage of particle engulfment.