bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habitat-host Microbial Associations Across a Gradient in Land Use Intensification in Southern Amazon
Authors: de Assis Ananda Brito , Corrêa Décio Tadeu , Taketani Rodrigo Gouvêa , Navas Carlos Arturo , Schiesari Luis
Published: February 2021

The conversion of natural habitats to agriculture results in the structural, physical and chemical degradation of ecosystems; and microbial communities respond to change with shifts in diversity and environmental function. Because the structure of amphibian-associated microbiome depends partially on the dynamics of microorganisms in the habitat, we hypothesized that land use would affect the tadpole skin microbiota structure of populations inhabiting water bodies in agricultural lands. To study this, we sampled microbial communities of water bodies and skin of larval amphibian across a gradient of land use intensification represented by cerrado, pastures and soybean fields. We used 16S rRNA high-throughput gene sequencing to characterize the microbial communities. Land use had a strong effect on both host and habitat bacterial communities. Bacterial ASVs richness and diversity in water bodies decreased from pristine habitat to soybean plantations, with the cerrado community differing from pasture and soybean fields. The aquatic microbial community composition and structure were different across the gradient, showing a robust effect of land use on this habitat. The richness and diversity of amphibian-associated bacterial community was lowest in cerrado and highest in pasture populations. The soybean plantation exhibited the most distinct composition and structure of amphibian microbiota while the pasture and cerrado communities were similar. Bacterial ASVs, candidates for biomarkers of the land use effect on both host and water bodies communities, were indicated. Our results highlight the effects of land use intensification as a driver for amphibian microbiome and offer information on the functionality of agro-industrial environments.
A Numerical Modelling Approach to Optimising Photovoltaic Installations for Thermal Effects Mitigation
Authors: Chiteka Kudzanayi , Madiye Luxmore , Chingosho Hilton , Arora Rajesh , Enweremadu C.C
Published: February 2021

Solar energy presents one of the best alternative sources of energy in the current bid to mitigate the negative impacts of global warming. The present study evaluated the influence of installation configuration together with the meteorological parameters on temperature characteristics of a solar photovoltaic array. Three dimensional simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics was used in the numerical analysis of the temperature characteristics on solar PV arrays. The Shear Stress Transport k-ω model was employed to analyse the turbulent characteristics of the airstream near the photovoltaic array. A temperature prediction model was developed using Artificial Neural Networks and the model was found to be accurate with a coefficient of determination, R2 above 90 %. A Response Surface Methodology optimization model was developed to maximize energy generation while minimizing solar photovoltaic cell operating temperature. The models were able to reduce temperature and improve energy generated by 3.9 %. The optimized tilt and azimuth angles were found to be 28.2o tilt and 13.2o respectively yielding an average cell temperature of 29.3 oC which gave 3.9 % increase in energy and revenue generated.
Relationship Between Mucosal TNF-α Expression and Th1, Th17, Th22 and Treg Responses in Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Rahimian Ghorbanali , Abadi Milad Shahini Shams , Ahmadi Reza , Shafigh Mohammedhadi , Azadegan-Dehkordi Fatemeh
Published: February 2021

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) -induced gastric inflammation in the gastric mucosa and significantly increases the risk of developing gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The objective of this research is to determine the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the gastric mucosa of patients with H. pylori –associated gastritis and PUD compared to uninfected patients, and we determined the relation between TNF-α expression and Th1/Th17/Th22, and Treg cells.Methods: Fifty-five patients with H. pylori –associated gastritis, 47 patients with H. pylori –associated PUD, and 48 uninfected patients were in this research. Antrum biopsy was used to detect H. pylori, virulence factors and histopathological assessments.Results: Expression of TNF-α in the infected group was significantly higher than the uninfected group. Also, cagA/oipA-positive infected patients induce significantly more TNF-α expression than do cagA/oipA-negative infected patients. Expression of TNF-α was significantly increased in the PUD group than the gastritis group. Notably, TNF-α expression had a significant positive correlation with the frequency of Th1/Th17/Th22 lymphocytes in the PUD group.Conclusion: These findings indicate the importance of increasing TNF-α with Th1, Th17, Th22 responses increase as an important risk factor for PUD in context of H. pylori infection.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Circulating microRNAs for Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiajie , Tong Jiepeng , Huang Yicheng , Zhang Li , Yu Wei , Qiu Yunqing
Published: February 2021

Aims: The purpose of this study was to perform an assessment of circulating microRNAs as promising biomarker for Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV-HCC) through a meta-analysis.Methods: A comprehensive literatures search extended up to March 1, 2020 in PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Ovid databases. The collected data were analyzed by random-effects model because of high heterogeneity, the pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) were used to explore the diagnostic performance of circulating miRNAs. Subgroup and threshold effect analysis were further carried out to explore the heterogeneity. Results: Overall, 16 articles that included a total of 3606 HCV-HCC patients and 3387 HCV patients without HCC were collected. The pooled estimates indicated miRNAs could distinguish HCC patients from chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and HCV-associated liver cirrhosis (HCV-LC), with a SEN of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79-0.87), a SPE of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.71-0.82), a DOR of 17 (95% CI, 12-28), and an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.90). The combination of miRNAs and AFP showed a better diagnostic accuracy than each alone. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs was better for plasma types, up-regulated miRNAs, and miRNA clusters. There was no evidence of publication bias in Deeks’ funnel plot.Conclusions: The summarized results suggested that circulating miRNAs, especially for miRNA clusters, have a relatively high diagnostic value for HCV-HCC, which could be served as non-invasive screening tool.
Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody of Patients in Local Affected Area During the Lockdown
Authors: Tang Yueting , Sun Jiayu , yuan yumeng , Yao Fen , zheng Bokun , Yang Gui , Xie Wen , Ye Guangming , Li Zhen , jiao xiaoyang , Li Yirong
Published: February 2021

Background: Serosurvalence is crucial in estimating the range of SARS-CoV-2 infections, predicting the possibility of another wave, and decide on a vaccination strategy. To understand the herd immunity after the COVID-19 pandemic, the seroprevalence was measured in 3062 individuals with or without COVID-19. Methods: The levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgM and IgG were measured by the immuno-colloidal gold method.Results: The mean seroprevalence for IgM and IgG in all participants was 2.81% and 7.51%, respectively. The positive rate of IgG was significantly higher in women than in men (P<0.05). The highest positive rate of IgM was observed in 41-60 years of age (3.49%), while the highest seroprevalence for IgG was observed in persons >60 years of age (8.61%). The positive rates of IgM and IgG in the convalescent patients were 31.82% and 77.27%, respectively, which was significantly higher than individuals with suspected syndromes or individuals without any clinical signs (P<0.01). Seroprevalence for IgG in medical staff was markedly higher than those in residents. The seroprevalence in patients with various comorbidity was no significant difference (P>0.05).Conclusions: The low positive rate of the SARS-CoV-2 IgM and NA test indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is subsiding after three months, and the possibility of reintroduction of the virus from an unidentified natural reservoir is low. Seroprevalence provides the information for humoral immunity and vaccine in the future.
Impact of an intercropped melon/cowpea system on the coupling between soil bacterial community structure and chemical properties
Authors: Cuartero Jessica , Pascual Jose Antonio , Vivo Juana-María , Özbolat Onurcan , Sánchez-Navarro Virginia , Egea-Cortines Marcos , Zornoza Raúl , Mena Maria Martinez , Garcia Eloisa , Ros Margarita
Published: February 2021

A greater understanding of the relationship between soil microorganisms and intercropping systems could contribute to the optimization of land use, fostering sustainable and efficient agriculture. This study entails a comparative intercropping assay using cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and melon (Cucumis melo) under organic management with different patterns and 30% less organic fertilization than that used in monocrops in the first year. The intercropping system changed the bacterial community structure independently of the intercropping pattern and contributed to an increase in soil nitrogen, phosphorous content and melon crop yield. The intercropped systems were characterized by a higher abundance of Pseudomonas (Proteobacteria), which are related to nutrient cycling, and other beneficial microorganisms.
Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Patients Managed for Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Health Care Institution in South-West Nigeria: A Retrospective Study 
Authors: Ojewuyi Abiodun Ronke , Odeyemi Abiona Oluwadamilola , Odeyemi Abimbola Ololade , Olotu Amadin Aitua
Published: February 2021

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a cause of high morbidity and mortality across the world but more so in developing countries. A large proportion of patients with tuberculosis present with extra-pulmonary disease which is often misdiagnosed or under-diagnosed. In Southwest Nigeria, there are reports on tuberculosis but only a few focused on extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This study was aimed to determine the burden of EPTB and its associated factors in a tertiary health care centre in Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional retrospective study involving all the TB cases seen from 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2019. Relevant information was retrieved from the clinical records of the patients with the use of a well-structured proforma. Data obtained was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0.Results Five hundred and nine subjects were involved with a mean age of 39.8±16.99 years. Three hundred and sixteen (62.1%) were males, 69 (13.6%) participants were HIV positive. Eighty-three (16.3%) had EPTB, of these 32 (38.6%) had spinal tuberculosis while 23 (27.7%) had pleural tuberculosis. Age, new cases of TB, and smear-negative TB were found to be significantly associated with the development of EPTB.ConclusionExtra-pulmonary tuberculosis is a common form of tuberculosis in our community, and the commonest presentation is spinal and pleural tuberculosis. There is a need for an improvement in diagnostic capacity for EPTB especially among the middle-aged and those presenting with TB for the first time. This will aid in the prompt detection and management of patients with EPTB.
Victor Yanukovych’s entourage seizing legislative, executive and judicial power in Ukraine (2010 – early 2011)
Authors: Denysenko V.I.
Published: February 2021

The article describes the President Yanukovych and his entourage’s actions taken to establish control over the key branches of power in Ukraine. The role of the Donetsk clan’s particular representatives, mainly AndriiKliuev and SerhiiLyovochkin, in implementing the authority concentration schemes, is explored. The context of building up the floor-crossers coalition (officially named “Stability and Reforms”) in 2010 is highlighted. The reasons for Donetsk clan choosing the non-constitutional way of seizing control over the Parliament are explained, such as: rate of action, low price of deputies’ engagement, keeping up the ideological confrontation façade with Julia Tymoshenko’s Bloc and «Our Ukraine – People’s Self-Defence» parliamentary alliance. MykolaAzarov’s cabinet (named March 11, 2010) is analyzed, with specific influential groups identified within its composition, such as MykolaAzarov’s, AndriiKliuev’s, RinatAkhmetov’sDmytroFirtash’s and Victor Yanykovych’s clientele. The quotas of Litvin’s Block, Ukraine’s Communist Party and Russian lobbies have been distinguished. The responsible assignments in security ministries data has been generalized. The fact that Victor Yanukovych’s entourage had established full actual control over top officials of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine in the eve of the Presidential Elections 2010 decisive second ballot is emphasized. The Prosecutor General’s Office, Security Service, Foreign Intelligence, Border Police and National Security and Defense Council’s governing authorities personnel has been analyzed. Specific attention has been paid to AndriiPortnov’s role in implementing the judicial reform aimed at depriving the Ukrainian judiciary of any independence, with the Presidential Office, namely AndriiPortnov, gaining the decisive impact over its activities and preserving but formal procedures and formulas from the relatively autonomous judiciary built under Victor Yushchenko. The facts of placing pressure upon the judges voicing dissent over the reform have been revealed.
“The way to Dayton”: the military conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina peaceful settlement process in 1992-1995
Authors: Zavhorodnia V.M. , Naumov A.S.
Published: February 2021

The paper examines the preconditions for the conclusion, significance and consequences of the implementation of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement between the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Four plans for peace achievement are considered, in which the International Community had consistently sought to resolve the Bosnian conflict in 1992-1995. The process of concluding a unique international document that not only put an end to the bloody interethnic confrontation and established new foundations for relations between the three Balkan countries, but defined the principles of the constitutional order of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina is examined. The authors analyze the ambiguous scientific and political assessments of the Dayton Agreement, ranging from unequivocal approval to sharp criticism, and the reasons for the success of the Dayton Process, including joining the U.S. negotiation process and ensuring compliance with NATO’s commitment to violators. The risks inherent in the Dayton Agreement in the constitutional order of Bosnia and Herzegovina are also identified. The problem of the constitutional order of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the basis of the Dayton Agreement is vital for the post-Yugoslav space. Despite the declared principle of equality of citizens, in fact, political human rights in the country directly depend on ethnicity, and public authorities are based on the principle of national representation. The sovereignty and independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina raise a number of issues, given their control by International bodies. An analysis of historical experience convincingly shows that the Dayton Accords can only be seen as a temporary mechanism for resolving the crisis and easing tensions, which has made it possible to achieve peace, end ethnic discord and lay the foundations for a democratic system in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Recognizing the effectiveness of the Dayton Agreement, the authors argue that some of its provisions do not comply with generally accepted principles of International Law, in particular, in terms of the territorial organization of the state and the formation of public authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This approach does not comply with the principle of equality of human rights, regardless of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other beliefs, national or social origin, property status, birth or other circumstances. It is also undeniable that the Dayton Accords did not resolve the interethnic conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper also seeks to identify ways to address the Bosnian crisis in the current situation in Ukraine, given the annexation of Crimea and the protracted military conflict in Donbas, and to determine the admissibility and potential limits of external intervention in military conflicts.
Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in mosquitoes (Diptera) – systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Riahi Seyed Mohammad , Yusuf Mustapha Ahmed , Azari-Hamidian Shahyad , Solgi Rahmat
Published: February 2021

Knowledge of the vectors of dirofilariasis in the world beside the treatment of infected dog is crucial to establish mosquito vector-based control programs. The current systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on published studies, documenting the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infected/infective mosquitoes from field surveys and laboratory experiments under controlled conditions. Articles up through 2019 from Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar were screened systematically. The overall prevalence of D. immitis infected/infective mosquitoes was estimated using a random effect model. Meta-regression was used to identify factors related to high dirofilariasis prevalence in the vectors. In these studies, the detection method was not identified as a heterogeneity and the overall prevalence in both subgroups had overlap (7.9-34.9 and 1.5-48.5). The overall prevalence of infective stage was 2.6 (95% CI: 0.97-4.77 per 1,000) and 84.7 per 1000 (95% CI: 20.5-183.8 per 1,000) for the field survey/laboratory experiment, respectively. The higher overall prevalence of D. immitis infected/infective mosquitoes were reported across studies in which take place in Eastern Mediterranean Region office (EMRO), longitude: 80 to 110, latitude: 20 to 40, annual rainfall: 250 to 1000, sea level: 26 to 100 and <1,000, humidity: 66 to 70, during 2000 to 2005 by dissection methods. Our review determined that mosquito species within the genus Anopheles and to a less extent Culex were the main vectors of dirofilariasis.
Creating a system of indicators for analyzing the external and internal environment of the company
Authors: Ганченко Д.Н. , Нестеренко Е.С.
Published: February 2021

В статье авторами систематизированы последствия инфляции в две отдельные группы: экономические и социальные последствия. Проведен анализ последствий инфляционных процессов. Выделены направления перераспределения доходов в обществе, которое вызвано инфляционными процессами. Авторами обозначены три основных способа финансирования бюджетного дефицита. Анализируя последствия инфляции, также отдельно рассмотрены издержки со стороны фирм – издержки «меню», а со стороны потребителей – эффект «стоптанных башмаков».

In the article, the authors systematize the consequences of inflation into two separate groups: economic and social consequences. The analysis of the consequences of inflationary processes is carried out. The directions of income redistribution in society, which is caused by inflationary processes, are highlighted. The authors identify three main ways to Finance the budget deficit. Analyzing the effects of inflation are also considered separately the costs of firm – costs «menu», and from consumers – the effect of «worn out boots».
Quantitative analysis of causal relationships between indicators of informal employment and indicators characterizing the socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Дубравская Э.И.
Published: February 2021

Для принятия управленческих решений по регулированию рынка труда на региональном уровне необходима объективная статистическая оценка взаимосвязи неформальной занятости с показателями социально-экономического развития. В статье дана количественная оценка данной взаимосвязи с применением критерия Грейнджера.

Managerial decisions on the regulation of the labor market at the regional level should be based on an objective statistical assessment of the relationship of informal employment with indicators of socio-economic development is required. The article provides a quantitative assessment of this relationship using the Grager criterion.
Practical aspects of management analysis of assortment and pricing policy
Authors: Шкилева С.С. , Орлова Е.А.
Published: February 2021

Существующий сегодня метод проведения управленческого анализа ассортиментной и ценовой политики построен исключительно на теоретических положениях, требующих практической реализации с целью оптимизации деятельности организации. В статье рассмотрена проблема проведения управленческого анализа ассортиментной и ценовой политики на примере компании «Градиент». При проведении управленческого анализа эффективно использовался комплекс существующих фундаментальных методов исследования, в т.ч. анализ расчета потенциала организации, числовые (формальные) методы. Также обосновано применение нескольких подходов при реализации данной методики, в число которых входит составление функции и использование современных программных обеспечений как западного, так и отечественного происхождения. В результате определено, что наиболее эффективным инструментом проведения анализа ассортиментной и ценовой политики является автоматизация управленческого учета и анализа посредством специальных программ.

The current method of conducting management analysis of assortment and pricing policy is based solely on theoretical provisions that require practical implementation in order to optimize the organization's activities. The article deals with the problem of conducting a management analysis of assortment and price policy on the example of the company «Gradien». When conducting management analysis, a set of existing fundamental research methods was effectively used, including analysis of calculating the organization's potential, numerical (formal) methods. It is also justified to apply several approaches to the implementation of this methodology, including the compilation of functions and the use of modern software of both Western and domestic origin. As a result, it was determined that the most effective tool for analyzing the assortment and price policy is the automation of management accounting and analysis through special programs.
Functions and forms of interaction between the state and entrepreneurship
Authors: Андреев В.В.
Published: February 2021

Исследованы функции и формы взаимодействия государства и предпринимательства. Определена особая роль государства в обеспечении экономической свободы предпринимательства посредством формирования экономического механизма. Проведен комплексный анализ форм взаимодействия общественных организаций предпринимателей и органов исполнительной власти с выявлением преимуществ и недостатков рассмотренных форм и механизмов взаимодействия. Рекомендована современная методика оценки эффективности взаимодействия структур бизнеса и органов исполнительной власти, позволяющая получать обоснованные экспертные оценки в разрезе предварительно выработанных критериев, комплексно формировать информационное сопровождение процесса разработки эффективных стратегий развития современного бизнеса и обеспечения его взаимодействия с государственными структурами.

The functions and forms of interaction between the state and entrepreneurship are studied. The special role of the state in ensuring economic freedom of entrepreneurship through the formation of an economic mechanism is defined. A comprehensive analysis of the forms of interaction between public organizations of entrepreneurs and Executive authorities was carried out, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the considered forms and mechanisms of interaction. We recommend a modern methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of interaction between business structures and Executive authorities, which allows us to obtain sound expert assessments in the context of pre-developed criteria, and comprehensively form information support for the process of developing effective strategies for the development of modern business and ensuring its interaction with government agencies.
Development of the life cycle of the organization: aspects of management
Authors: Макаревич Е.В. , Игнатова Л.Н.
Published: February 2021

Рассмотрены подходы к управлению жизненным циклом организации, обоснована возможность применения инструментов организационного развития. Приведена систематизация особенностей каждого из этапов развития организации. В частности, для стадии формирования организации важно определение видов и целей деятельности путем выяснения представлений о потребностях потенциального клиента. Уровень роста и зрелости организации отличается ориентацией на расширение круга потребителей, а также формирование собственного имиджа. Проблемы, возникающие перед организацией, достигшей зрелости, носят преимущественно внутренний характер. Этап спада – самый сложный и решающий этап существования организации. Если организации удается преодолеть кризисные явления, она может пройти несколько циклов своего развития.

possibility of using organizational development tools is substantiated. The systematization of the features of each of the stages of development of the organization is given. In particular, for the stage of forming an organization, it is important to determine the types and goals of activities by clarifying ideas about the needs of a potential client. The level of growth and maturity of the organization is characterized by an orientation towards expanding the circle of consumers, as well as the formation of its own image. The problems facing an organization that has reached maturity are predominantly internal in nature. The recession phase is the most difficult and decisive stage in an organization's existence. If the organization manages to overcome the crisis phenomena, it can go through several cycles of its development
Institutional environment for the development of the regional economy
Authors: Остапенко Е.А.
Published: February 2021

Экономический рост и устойчивое развитие социально-экономической системы региона обеспечивает институциональная поддержка. Именно институтам отводится основная роль в обеспечении конкурентоспособности. Равным образом, конкурентоспособность обуславливается уровнем развития инфраструктуры, рыночных, финансовых и иных рычагов взаимодействия. В науке совокупность указанных факторов определяется как институциональная инфраструктура. В этой связи актуализируется разработка теоретических и методологических основ формирования институциональной инфраструктуры.

Institutional support provides economic growth and sustainable development the socio-economic system the region. It is institutions that are assigned the main role in ensuring competitiveness. Equally, competitiveness is determined by the level of infrastructure development, market, financial and other levers of interaction. In science, the combination of these factors is defined as the institutional infrastructure. In this regard, the development theoretical and methodological foundations the formation institutional infrastructure is being updated.
Health as the basis for the formation of human capital in the modern world
Authors: Тугускина Г.Н. , Тактарова С.В.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается формирование здоровья, как основной компоненты человеческого капитала. Приводится анализ состояния системы здравоохранения в России. Обозначены проблемы, влияющие на рост смертности и естественной убыли населения. Сделан вывод о влиянии принимаемых на государственном уровне решений на продолжительность жизни россиян.

The article discusses the formation of health as the main component of human capital. The analysis of the state of the healthcare system in Russia is given. The problems affecting the growth of mortality and natural population decline are identified. The conclusion is made about the influence of decisions made at the state level on the life expectancy of Russians.
Relationship and features of functioning of agricultural production and agricultural engineering at the regional level in the conditions of the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Федотов А.В. , Пилюгин А.Ю.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемы развития рынка сельскохозяйственной продукции и сельскохозяйственной техники в условиях экономического кризиса вызванного пандемии covid-19. Рынок характеризуется, как со стороны спроса, так и предложения. Глобальное закрытие границ и приостановка бизнеса по многим направлениям, вносит значительные изменения в устоявшиеся движения товарных ресурсов. Производится необходимый анализ мер влияния данных проблем на отрасль сельского хозяйства, проводится оценка перспектив и возможностей выхода из затруднительных внешних условий. Рассматриваются меры поддержки Российских производителей сельскохозяйственной техники.

The article examines the development of the market for agricultural products and agricultural machinery in the economic crisis caused by the covid-19 pandemic. The market is characterized by both supply and demand. Global border closures and business suspensions in many areas are making significant changes to established movements of commodity resources. The necessary analysis of the measures of impact of these problems on the agricultural sector is carried out, the prospects and opportunities for getting out of difficult external conditions are being evaluated. Measures to support Russian agricultural equipment manufacturers are being considered.
The system-forming role of the Arctic cluster in the development of the economy of the North of Russia (on the example of the Murmansk region)
Authors: Хаценко Е.С. , Лычкина Л.С.
Published: February 2021

Представленная статья посвящена теоретико-правовым аспектам формирования экономической политики Российской Арктики, создание и регулирование Арктического экономического кластера.

The presented article is devoted to the theoretical and legal aspects of the formation of the economic policy of the Russian Arctic, the creation and regulation of the Arctic economic cluster.
Substantiation of the direction of research in the field of client-server technologies
Authors: Чевордаев И.А.
Published: February 2021

В наше время активно развивающихся информационных технологий сложно представить работу современного офиса или какого-либо предприятия без локальной вычислительной сети (сокращенно – ЛВС). ЛВС – предназначена для обработки, хранения, а также передачи данных, и представляет собой кабельную систему объекта, например, здания или группы объектов. Развитие ЛВС позволяет всё больше использовать клиент-серверную технологию, а именно тонких клиентов для обеспечения автоматизированных рабочих мест (АРМ).

Nowadays, actively developing information technology is difficult to imagine the work of a modern office or any enterprise without a local area network (LAN). LAN – designed for processing, storage and transmission of data, and is a cable system of the object, for example, buildings or groups of objects. The development of LAN allows more and more use of client-server technology, namely thin clients to provide automated workplaces (AWP).
Electronic trade, wholesale trade, development of the electronic trade.
Accuracy of measurement of the signal information parameter in aviation and space-rocket radio systems in the presence of additive and multiplicative interference with a low level. Part 2 (Examples of frequency and arrival time measurements useful signal)
Authors: Артюшенко В.М. , Воловач В.И.
Published: February 2021

Произведена оценка влияния флуктуационных стационарных мультипликативных помех, действующих одновременного с аддитивными помехами, на точность измерения неэнергетических параметров информационных сигналов. Показано, что мультипликативная помеха низкого уровня оказывает более сильное влияние на точность измерения времени прихода, чем на точность измерения частоты полезного сигнала. Осуществлена количественная оценка влияния мультипликативной помехи на точность измерения неэнергетических параметров полезного сигнала.

The influence of fluctuating stationary multiplicative interference acting simultaneously with additive interference on the accuracy of measurement of non-energy parameters of information signals is estimated. It is shown that low-level multiplicative interference has a stronger effect on the accuracy of the arrival time measurement than on the accuracy of the useful signal frequency measurement. A quantitative assessment of the effect of multiplicative interference on the accuracy of measurement of non-energy parameters of the useful signal is carried out.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the activities of «KBhimmash named after A.M. Isaev» on quality assurance of rocket and space technology
Authors: Огурцова Т.С. , Асташева Н.П.
Published: February 2021

В работе рассмотрены основные цели и задачи оценки эффективности деятельности организации по обеспечению качества ракетно-космической техники.
Представлены результаты расчета показателей эффективности деятельности «КБхиммаш им. А.М. Исаева» по обеспечению качества продукции в 2019 году с использованием методики СТО ГК Роскосмос 1023-2019.
Показано, что рассмотренная в статье методика позволяет проводить оценку эффективности деятельности «КБхиммаш им. А.М. Исаева» и разрабатывать рекомендации по повышению качества выпускаемой продукции.

The paper considers the main goals and objectives of assessing the effectiveness of an organization to ensure the quality of rocket and space technology.
Presented are the results of calculating the performance indicators of «KBhimmash im. A.M. Isaev» to ensure product quality in 2019 using the methodology of the STO GK Roscosmos 1023-2019.
It is shown that the methodology considered in the article makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the activities of «KBhimmash named after A.M. Isaev» and develop recommendations for improving the quality of products.
The problem of user security in Wi-Fi networks
Authors: Мокану Г.С.
Published: February 2021

Угрозы информационной безопасности в компьютерных сетях стали одной из основных проблем для владельцев ПК. При этом особое распространение этих угроз коснулось сетей WI-FI, в которых происходит как несанкционированный доступ к данным, так и только снижение уровня защиты сети. Практически все современные мобильные устройства (смартфоны, планшеты, ноутбуки и нетбуки) имеют возможность подключения к беспроводному Интернету или, точнее, к сети WI-FI, эта функция теперь является стандартной для этих устройств.

nformation security threats in computer networks have become one of the main problems for PC owners. At the same time, a particular spread of these threats affected WI-FI networks, in which both unauthorized access to data and only a decrease in the level of network protection occur. Almost all modern mobile devices (smartphones, tablets, laptops and netbooks) have the ability to connect to the wireless Internet or, more precisely, to the WI-FI network, this function is now standard for these devices.
Radical Releasing Anti-tuberculosis Agents and the Treatment of Mycobacterial Tuberculosis Infections - An Overview
Authors: Kareem Afeez I. , Malan Sarel F. , Joubert Jacques
Published: February 2021

The treatment and management of tuberculosis (TB) is a major global concern. Approved drugs for the treatment of TB, to date, have displayed various modes of action which can be grouped into radical releasing and non-radical releasing anti-TB agents. Radical releasing agents are of special interest because they diffuse directly into the mycobacterium cell wall, interact with the host cell DNA, causing DNA strand breakages and fatal destabilization of the DNA helix inhibiting nucleic acid synthase. As a therapeutic agent with the aforementioned activity, nitroimidazoles and most especially bicyclic nitroimidazoles are currently in clinical use for the treatment of tuberculosis. However, the approved drugs, pretomanid (PR) and delamanid (DE) are limited in their nitric oxide radical (NO•) releasing abilities to cause effective bactericidity. It is believed that their bactericidal activity can be improved by harnessing alternative strategies to increase NO• release. The last decade has witnessed the strategic inclusion of NO-donors into native drugs to improve their activities and/or reverse resistance. The rationale behind this strategy is the targeting of NO• release at specific therapeutic sites. This review, therefore, aims to highlight various radical releasing agents that may be effective in the treatment of TB. The review also investigates various structural modifications to PR and DE and suggests alternative strategies to improve NO• release as well as some applications where NO-donor hybrid drugs have been used with good therapeutic effect.
The Roles of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Senescence
Authors: Zia Aliabbas , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Pourbagher-Shahri Ali Mohammad , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: February 2021

:

The aging process deteriorates organs' function at different levels, causing its
progressive decline to resist stress, damage, and disease. In addition to alterations in
metabolic control and gene expression, the rate of aging has been connected with the
generation of high amounts of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The essential
perspective in free radical biology is that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free
radicals are toxic, mostly cause direct biological damage to targets, and are thus a major
cause of oxidative stress. Different enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds in the
cells have roles in neutralizing this toxicity. Oxidative damage in aging is mostly high in
particular molecular targets, such as mitochondrial DNA and aconitase, and oxidative
stress in mitochondria can cause tissue aging across intrinsic apoptosis. Mitochondria's
function and morphology are impaired through aging, following a decrease in the
membrane potential by an increase in peroxide generation and size of the organelles.
Telomeres may be the significant trigger of replicative senescence. Oxidative stress
accelerates telomere loss, whereas antioxidants slow it down. Oxidative stress is a
crucial modulator of telomere shortening, and that telomere-driven replicative
senescence is mainly a stress response. The age-linked mitochondrial DNA mutation
and protein dysfunction aggregate in some organs like the brain and skeletal muscle,
thus contributing considerably to these post-mitotic tissues' aging. The aging process is
mostly due to accumulated damage done by harmful species in some macromolecules
such proteins, DNA, and lipids. The degradation of non-functional, oxidized proteins is a
crucial part of the antioxidant defenses of cells, in which the clearance of these proteins
occurs through autophagy in the cells, which is known as mitophagy for mitochondria.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazole Derivatives as Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Ha Zhe Y. , Ong Hoay C. , Oo Chuan W. , Yeong Keng Y.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Benzimidazole is an interesting pharmacophore which has been extensively
studied in medicinal chemistry due to its high affinity towards various enzymes and receptors. Its derivatives
have been previously shown to possess a wide range of biological activities including anthelmintic,
antihypertensive, antiulcer, as well as anticholinesterase activity.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to search for more potent benzimidazole-based cholinesterase
inhibitors, through the modification of the 1- and 2-positions of the benzimidazole core.

Methods:

Synthesis of compounds were carried out via a 4-step reaction scheme following a previously
reported protocol. Structure-activity relationship of the compounds are established through in
vitro cholinesterase assays and in silico docking studies. Furthermore, cytotoxicity and blood brain
barrier (BBB) permeability of the compounds were also investigated.

Results:

Among the synthesised compounds, three of them (5IIa, 5IIb, and 5IIc) exhibited potent
selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibition at low micromolar level. The compounds did not show any
significant cytotoxicity when tested against a panel of human cell lines. Moreover, the most active
compound, 5IIc, was highly permeable across the blood brain barrier.

Conclusion:

In total 10 benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and screened for their AChE and
BuChE inhibitory activities. Lead compound 5Iic, represents a valuable compound for further development
as potential AD therapeutics.
Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Bryostatin-1 Activates α-Secretase and PKC Isoforms In vitro and Facilitates Acquisition and Retention of Spatial Learning in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Schrott Lisa , Yi Ping , Jackson Kasey , Jackson Gabriel S. , Webb Christopher , Minagar Alireza , Yun J. Winny , Purdum Geoffrey , Rios David J. , Tyler Theodore A. , Vizcanio Maria I. , Castor Judith L. , Castor Trevor , Alexander Jonathan S.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal models have revealed neuroprotective actions
of Bryostatin-1 mediated by activation of novel PKC isoforms, suppression of beta-amyloid and
downregulation of inflammatory and angiogenic events, making Bryostatin-1 an attractive candidate
for attenuating AD-associated neural, vascular, and cognitive disturbances.

Objective:

To further enhance Bryostatin-1 efficacy, nanoparticle-encapsulated Bryostatin-1 formulations
were prepared.

Methods:

We compared nano-encapsulated and unmodified Bryostatin-1 in in vitro models of neuronal
PKC-d, PKC-e isoforms, α-secretase and studied nano-encapsulated Bryostatin-1 in an AD mouse
model of spatial memory (BC3-Tg (APPswe, PSEN1 dE9) 85Dbo/J mice).

Results:

We found that nanoencapsulated Bryostatin-1 formulations displayed activity greater or equal
to that of unmodified Bryostatin-1 in PKC-δ and -ε and α-secretase activation assays. We next evaluated
how treatment with a nanoencapsulated Bryostatin-1 formulation facilitated spatial learning in the
Morris water maze. AD transgenic mice (6.5 to 8 months of age) were treated with nanoparticle encapsulated
Bryostatin-1 formulation (1, 2.5, or 5 μg/mouse) three times the week before testing and then
daily for each of the 5 days of testing. Across the acquisition phase, mice treated with nanoencapsulated
Bryostatin-1 had shorter latencies, increased % time in the target zone and decreased % time in
the opposite quadrant. The mice were given retention testing after a 2-week period without drug treatment.
Mice treated with nanoencapsulated Bryostatin-1 had shorter latencies to find the escape platform,
indicating retention of spatial memory.

Conclusion:

These data suggest that cognitive deficits associated with AD could be treated using
highly potent nanoparticle-encapsulated formulations of Bryostatin-1.
Enhanced Anti-Amyloid Effect of Combined Leptin and Pioglitazone in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Liu Yao , Hanson Kelsey A. , McCormack Graeme , Atkinson Rachel A.K. , Dittmann Justin , Vickers James C. , Fernandez-Martos Carmen M. , King Anna E.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has challenged single-target therapeutic strategies,
raising the possibility that combined therapies may offer a more effective treatment strategy.

Objective:

There is substantial evidence for the efficacy of leptin (L) (neuroprotective hormone) and
pioglitazone (P) (anti-inflammatory agent) as monotherapies in AD. We have previously shown that
combination treatment of L+P in APP/PS1 mice at the onset of pathology significantly improved
memory and reduced brain Aβ levels relative to control mice. In this new study, we sought to replicate
our previous findings in a new cohort of APP/PS1 mice to further confirm whether the combined
treatment of L+P is superior to each treatment individually.

Methods:

: We have re-evaluated the effects of L+P co-treatment in APP/PS1 mice using thioflavin-S
staining, MOAβ immunolabeling, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to examine
effects on Aβ levels and pathology, relative to animals that received L or P individually.

Results:

We demonstrated that a combination of L and P significantly enhances the anti-Aβ effect of L
or P in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that combining L and P significantly enhances the anti-Aβ effect of
L or P in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice and maybe a potential new effective strategy for AD therapy.
The Paradoxical Reaction to Rituximab in Six Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Patients: How Could it be Explained and Managed?
Authors: Alesaeidi Samira , Piri Seyed Mohammad , Tavakolpour Soheil
Published: February 2021

Background:

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a systemic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic
antibody-associated vasculitides (AAVs), mainly involving the respiratory tract and renal system.
Treatment by Rituximab as a next-generation therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis is associated
with promising outcomes in GPA patients. Despite symptoms improvements, disease recurrence
and drug reaction are a challenging topic nowadays.

Objectives:

In this study, we examined six GPA patients who were confirmed to have paradoxical
reactions to rituximab and then described how to control their symptoms.

Methods:

In this study, all the systemic GPA patients (diagnosed based on ACR/EULAR criteria) who received RTX in Amir-Allam hospital, were monitored for any sign of disease exacerbation up to 3 months after RTX exposure.

Results:

From 78 GPA-diagnosed patients, six, including one man and five women with the mean
age of 37.3 ± 13.8, were identified for exacerbation after RTX administration.

Conclusion:

According to our observation, it could be recommended not to deprive the patient of
the benefits of RTX treatment due to the early patient's possible complications.
Hepatic Involvement as Hyperbilirubinemia in Patients with COVID-19:
Case Series from Iran
Authors: Hormati Ahmad , Ghadir Mohammad Reza , Saeidi Mohammad , Aminnejad Reza , Afifian Mahboubeh , Ahmadpour Sajjad
Published: February 2021

Background:

After the spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan to Iran, gastroenterology clinics, was faced with a large number of patients who were suspected of being infected with the SARS-CoV-2. Among refereed patient, the incidence of pure hyperbilirubinemia as rare gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms was obvious.

Methods:

: In this case series, we have reported the clinical data in details for patients with COVID-19 who have been admitted to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom city, from 3 March to 3 August 2020. COVID infection, be confirmed by using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and chest computed tomography (CT) scan, as well.

Results:

According to the clinical findings, pure hyperbilirubinemia may consider as rare gastrointestinal (GI) symptom of COVID-19. However, it is possible that the other GI enzymes values fall in to the normal range.

Conclusion:

In some infected patients, GI physicians may face hepatic involvement as pure hyperbilirubinemia. At the age of COVID-19 crisis, all GI physicians should be aware of the possible occurrence of hepatic involvement as an important prognosis of COVID pneumonia and it should be exactly addressed in new referred patients to GI clinic.