bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroantennographic and Behavioral Responses of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) to Volatile Compounds of Luffa acutangular L
Authors: wangjingjing wangjingjing , yaTian Zhen , Zhou Yong ping , Yang Jin fang , Gao Xuyuan , Chen Hong song , Ma Wei hua , Zhou Zhong shi
Published: October 2023

The melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), is an invasive pest of fruits and vegetables and. Melon fly attractants have been used in control strategies to reduce pest levels and have gained widespread attention in recent years. Previous studies have shown that some host fruits are attractive to melon flies; however, few have investigated the chemical compounds responsible for their attraction. In this study, volatile compounds from Luffa acutangula L. were isolated and identified using dynamic headspace adsorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their effects on B. cucurbitae were investigated using electroantennography (EAG) and behavioral tests (trap assays). Chemical profiling identified 21 compounds in ridge gourds, with stearyl alcohol, methyl myristate, phenyl acetate, and methyl stearate being the major components. The EAG results revealed that 12 compounds elicited antennal responses in B. cucurbitae, and the differences in antennal responses between male and female B. cucurbitae adults caused by heptanal, phenyl acetate, p-xylene, alpha-pinene, and 1-octadecene were significant. Moreover, in the behavioral experiment, the EAG-active compounds methyl isovalerate, methyl myristate, 1-octadecene, methyl laurate,heptanal, and 1-decanol had either attractive or repellent effects on B. cucurbitae. Our findings provide a theoretical basis producing repellents or attractants for effective green control of B. cucurbitae.
The Magnesium Depletion Score is associated with increased likelihood of kidney stone disease among female adults
Authors: Xu Ying , Qin Yingyi , Lu Hongtao , Liu Lulu , Huang Weiyan , Huang Anwen , Ye Yufei , Shen Hui , Guo Zhiyong , Chen Wei
Published: October 2023

Object: The association between magnesium depletion score (MDS) and kidney stone disease (KSD) remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the association of MDS with KSD in adults. Methods: A total of 19,654 participants were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The MDS was calculated by assessing four aspects, including alcohol assumption, renal function, and use of diuretics and proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between MDS and the prevalence of KSD. Linear correlations were conducted explore the relationship of testosterone with MDS. Results: In the multivariable logistic regressions with full adjustment for confounding variables, the odds ratio of MDS associating with KSD was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.04–1.58, P = 0.022) in total population, and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.16–2.50, P = 0.007) in female participants. Besides, compared to the lowest MDS, the highest MDS was associated with a lower testosterone (β = -11.548, P = 0.001) after full adjustment in non-menopause women. Conclusion: This study highlighted a positive correlation of high MDS with KSD in female population, which may be associated low level of serum testosterone.
Participatory diagnosis for the management of degraded forest areas in the Sierra de Guadalupe State Park
Authors: Valencia-Trejo Guadalupe Montserrat , Lara-Bueno Alejandro , Cetina-Alcalá Victor Manuel , López-López Miguel Ángel , Ramírez-Herrera Carlos
Published: October 2023

Participatory diagnosis is the methodological process through which society participates in order to undertake and achieve sustainable development with the contribution of science and collective knowledge. The objective of this research is to analyze the current situation of the Sierra de Guadalupe State Park (SGSP) from the natural, historical, economic, and social aspects, through participatory research and thus influence the selection of trees and shrubs of multiple uses for reforestation that have the potential to establish agroforestry and silvopastoral systems. This study was carried out with the help of the following tools that are commonly used in a participatory diagnosis: SWOT analysis, timeline, and identification and classification of natural resources. In order to determine the current problems of the state park (SGSP), the "problem tree" method was used. To identify possible solutions to this problem, a collaborative workshop was conducted in which negative conditions were assigned to positive actions. In addition, 141 semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant actors in the society using the "snowball" methodology. Field visits were also conducted to complement the information. A total of 72 and 44 species of wild fauna and flora, respectively. The priority forest species considered to initiate the restoration actions were: Prosopis laevigata, Vachellia schaffneri, and Quercus rugosa. The shrub species were: Opuntia tomentosa, Opuntia hyptiacatha, and Agave salmiana. In conclusion, with this study, reliable technical knowledge was generated with the participation of society, which will be used to carry out actions of protection, restoration, conservation, and productive reconversion.
Long-term humoral and cellular responses elicited by Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) vaccine in hemodialysis patients versus non-renal subjects: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Parshina Ekaterina , Zulkarnaev Alexey , Tolkach Alexey , Ivanov Andrey , Kislyy Pavel
Published: October 2023

Background
we aimed to assess long-term immunogenicity of the recombinant adenovirus 26 and 5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V, developed by N.F. Gamaleya National Research Centre, Russia) in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis compared to healthy subjects.
Methods
a prospective cohort study included patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis (n = 23) and healthy volunteers (n = 28). The levels of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 specific IgG as well as specific T-cell responses were quantified in all participants at two time points: 1 and 6 months after complete vaccination. All participates were adults, had been vaccinated twice with Gam-COVID-Vac and had no prior history of confirmed COVID-19.
Results
In both groups, IgG levels decreased from month 1 to 6, however, antibodies did not decline more rapidly in the hemodialysis group (analysis of variance p = 0.7214 for the “time × group” interaction, non-adjusted model). At the end of the study, 48% of non-hemodialysis and 67% of hemodialysis participants showed T-cell positivity. T-spot counts dropped over time in non-hemodialysis controls, but not in hemodialysis subjects (p = 0.008 and p = 0.18, respectively).
Conclusions
Patients receiving hemodialysis maintain significant long-term humoral response after Gam-COVID-Vac vaccination, which is comparable to that in subjects with normal kidney function. Cellular response turned up to be more sustained over time in hemodialysis group.
Healthcare workers’ attitudes and factors affecting sexual and reproductive health services to adolescents in refugee settlements, western Uganda
Authors: Mambo Simon Binezero , Lodhi Moazzam Mohiuddin , Abalinda Mary Gorret , Asiimwe Isa , Abdulkarim Abubakar , Bizimana Gloria Neema , Mbina Solomon Adomi , Shinkafi Tijjani Salihu , Ibrahim Umar
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Adolescent sexual and reproductive health care needs are rising in both low and middle-income countries. This need is even higher in refugee settlements. This study aimed to assess the healthcare workers’ attitudes and the factors affecting adolescent sexual and reproductive health care in the Nakivale, Kyaka II, and Rwamwanja refugee settlements.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional quantitative study in which health workers from public and private health facilities from three randomly selected refugee communities in western Uganda responded to a questionnaire. The questionnaire collected information on services provided, the attitudes towards each of the services and the factors that hindered the provision of these services. Binary logistic regression was done to assess the baseline characteristics associated with provision of these services using SPSS version 26.
Results
Of the 386 medical professionals enrolled, 194(50.3%) were females with a mean age of 30.9 years (SD = 6.9). The services that were most commonly offered were contraception counselling/provision (81.3%), HIV prevention/care (79.0%), sexually transmitted infections prevention (78.5%) and comprehensive sexuality education provision (75.1%). The least offered services were safe abortion care (40.9%) and harmful traditional practice prevention (39.9%). The good attitudes were highest towards comprehensive sexuality education and antenatal, intrapartum plus postnatal care while the bad attitudes were highest toward safe abortion care. Inadequate training, age, residence, education level, designation and type of facility had a significant association with offering of the different services (P < 0.05 for all at multivariate level of analysis).
Conclusion
More efforts are still required toward provision of safe abortion care and harmful traditional practices prevention. This will be achieved by providing training which will be vital in improving knowledge and attitude toward these services. The training should be more focused on the older professionals and non-councilors.
Biological effects of Lippia alba essential oil against Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti
Authors: Coulibaly Fangala Hamidou , Rossignol Marie , Haddad Mohamed , Carrasco David , Azokou Alain , Valente Adeline , Ginibre Carole , Koné Mamidou Witabouna , Chandre Fabrice
Published: October 2023

Background the management of mosquito resistance to chemical insecticides and the biting behaviour of some species are motivating the search for complementary and/or alternative control methods. The use of plants is increasingly considered as a sustainable biological solution for vector control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of the essential oil (EO) ofLippia albaagainstAnopheles gambiaeandAedes aegyptimosquitoes. Methods phytochemical compounds were identified by GC-MS. Knockdown and mortality were determined according to the WHO test tube protocol. Contact irritancy was assessed by observing the movement of mosquitoes from a treated WHO tube to a second untreated tube. Non-contact repellency was assessed using a standardised high-thtoughput screening system (HITSS). Blood meal inhibition was assessed using a membrane feeding assay treated with EO. Results the EO was identified as the citral chemotype (geranial + neral) and it is composed mainly of geranial (26.79%), neral (19.07%) and geraniol (14.52%). The essential oil gave 100% KD60 in both species at a concentration of 1%. Mortalities of 100% were recorded withAn. gambiaeandAe aegyptiat concentrations of 1% and 5% respectively. The highest proportions of females escaping during the contact iritancy test were 100% forAn. gambiaeat 1% concentration and 94% forAe.aegyptiat 2.5% concentration. The 1% concentration produced the highest proportions of repelled mosquitoes in the non-contact repellency tests: 76.8% (An. gambiae) and 68.5% (Ae. aegypti). The blood meal inhibition rate at a dose of 10% was 98.4% inAe.aegyptibut only 15.5% inAn. gambiae. Conclusion the citral chemotype ofL. albaEO has highly interesting biological effects in both species that make it a potentially good candidate for its use in mosquito control. The results obtained in this study encourage the further evaluation ofL. albaessential oils from other localities and of different chemotypes.
Single-Cell Sequencing Unravels Heterogeneity in Annulus Fibrosus Cells and Highlights PRG4 as a Potential Marker in Disc Degeneration
Authors: LU JIAWEI , Guo Kai , Guo Youfeng , Wang Feng , Zeng Jianhua , Huang Yufeng , Wu Desheng
Published: October 2023

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration is characterized by the rupture of annulus fibrosus (AF) structures, precipitating nucleus pulposus herniation. Ensuring robust AF healing is pivotal for optimal disc repair. Incomplete or delayed AF healing can culminate in recurrent herniations following surgical interventions. While the reactive nature of the AF to degeneration is acknowledged, the molecular and cellular underpinnings remain undefined.
Methods: We embarked on a comprehensive exploration of the degenerative trajectory by analyzing single-cell sequencing datasets from both degenerated and normative AF specimens. The human AF samples were also analyzed. The overarching aim was to delineate differential cellular phenotypes and gene expression patterns emblematic of each state.
Results: Our comparative analyses unveiled distinct, highly proliferative cellular subsets uniquely prevalent in degenerated discs. Intriguingly, these cellular subsets were hallmarked by an augmented expression of the PRG4 gene, a well-established marker encoding the lubricative molecule, Lubricin. Subsequent assays reaffirmed a significant correlation between Lubricin expression (as dictated by PRG4) and the propensity for AF degeneration, reinforcing our initial observations of elevated PRG4 transcription in degenerative states.
Conclusions: This study elucidates previously unrecognized cellular landscapes within degenerated AF and underscores the pivotal role of Lubricin in this context. Such revelations furnish a foundation for conceptualizing targeted therapeutic interventions, aiming to ameliorate AF ruptures and their sequelae.
A Preliminary Study for The Development and Psychometric Properties of Secondhand Smoke Exposure Assessment Tools
Authors: Noormohammadi Robab , Samadi Amirmohammad , Maleki Azam
Published: October 2023

Background
The exposure of non-smokers to tobacco smoke is known as secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, which can significantly affect their health. Due to the unavailability of a standardized questionnaire to assess SHS exposure, this study aimed to design Psychometric Properties of SHS Exposure Assessment Tools.
Methods
The present study was an assessment tool study conducted on 160 adults with SHS exposure who were citizens of Zanjan, Iran, in 2020. In the first step, we carried out a literature review for creating tool items to assess SHS exposure. The psychometric properties steps include face validity, content validity, construct validity and reliability. Exploratory Factor Analysis with the Principal component factor analysis method was used to test the construct validity of the scale. The reliability of the tools was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
Results
The KMO index of adequacy was measured to be 0.822 that more than 0.7, indicating the adequacy of cases for factor analysis. The questionnaire was approved with four factors and 26 items which explained a cumulative variance of 0.57%. The face validity of the questionnaire was evaluated; all items had an impact score above 1.5. Also, the content validity ratio and the content validity index were both adequate. Finally, the reliability of the questionnaire was approved based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.88.
Conclusion
In the primary assessment validity and reliability of tools were adequate for the assessment of SHS exposure in adults. Further studies are suggested to assess the specificity and sensitivity of this tool.
Hydrocolpos causing bowel obstruction in a preterm newborn: A case report
Authors: Jouza Martin , Rejdova Ingrid , Cintula Lukas , Jouzova Anna , Jabandziev Petr
Published: October 2023

Background:Hymenal atresia is the most common congenital defect of the female urogenital tract. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is broad, ranging from mild cases undiagnosed until adolescence to severe cases of giant intraabdominal masses. The most common complication of hydrocolpos is bladder compression, resulting in obstructive uropathy and hydronephrosis.
Case presentation: We present here the case of a preterm neonate who was admitted to the surgical neonatal intensive care unit for bowel obstruction. The baby did not appear septic or unwell, a small amount of meconium passed frequently, and no bilious gastric residuals occurred. Based on these findings, acute abdominal obstruction was doubtful, and the surgeon chose a conservative (watch and wait) approach. Subsequently, we performed abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging based on unclear information about a suspicious abdominal mass raised by the gynecologist shortly before the emergency C-section. The final diagnosis was congenital hydrocolpos due to hymenal atresia. The pediatric gynecologist indicated an incision of the imperforate hymen under general anesthesia. The incision resolved abdominal distention as well as the bowel obstruction.
Conclusion: The presentation of hydrocolpos was not typical (no bulging in the vaginal introitus) in our case, and clinical symptoms implied acute bowel obstruction shortly after birth.
The surgeon chose a conservative (watch and wait) approach as the baby did not appear unwell on the second day of life. Fortunately, diagnostic laparotomy was not required as the next step in bowel obstruction management. All clinical symptoms resolved after a minor surgical procedure.
Relationship between mechanical ventilation at birth and respiratory tract infections within one year of follow-up in preterm infants
Authors: Zhou Cailing , Wang Linghua , Ye Meiling , Lei Shuyao , Wang Lizhen , Zhang Meixian
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between mechanical ventilation (MV) at birth and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in premature infants during later stages of life. We recruited 132 premature infants including 81 received mechanical ventilation and 51 non-mechanical ventilation (non-MV) at birth during their hospital stay, who were regularly followed up in the outpatient department of premature infants after discharge from the Department of Neonatology between March 2021 to February 2023. MV group was subdivided into invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) group and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) group. Primary outcome was respiratory tract infections within the first year of life. The incidence of respiratory tract infection in the MV group was similar with that in the non-MV group(82.7% vs 80.4%, p = 0.736). After adjusting for gestational age (GA), birth weight, twins, mode of delivery, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, Apgar score and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, mechanical ventilation was found to be not an independent risk factor for RTIs (NIMV group vs. non-MV group: OR 1.886, 95%CI 0.253–14.258, p = 0.536; IMV group vs. non-MV group, OR 1.553, 95%CI 0.219–11.041, p = 0.660).
Conclusions: Mechanical ventilation at birth did not increase the risk of respiratory infections in premature infants within one year after birth.
In vitro Antibacterial Activities, DPPH Radical Scavenging, and Molecular Modeling of Isolated Compounds from the Bark of Grewia ferruginea
Authors: Duguma Tolessa , Melaku Yadessa , Rentsch Daniel , Ensermu Urgessa , Endale Milkyas , Dekebo Aman , Guta Lemi
Published: October 2023

Grewia ferruginea is one of the traditional medicinal plants used in Ethiopia against various ailments. In view of its traditional use and absence of literature report, this study was intended to isolate phytochemical constituents and evaluate in vitro biological activities of the bark of G. ferruginea. The essential oil analyzed by GC-MS indicated the presence of 48 components from which 32 were characterized. Additionally, lupeol (33), β-sitosterol (34), stigmasterol (35), daucosterol (36), 7-keto-β-sitosterol (37), 6-keto-5,6-dihydro-β-sitosterol(38), and catechin (39) were isolated and purified using chromatographic methods and characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. At 5 mg/mL, among all test bacteria, compound 33 and 39 exhibited inhibition zone (IZ) of about 15.2 and 12.40 mm against P. aeruginosa, respectively. Compounds 34 and 35 displayed IZ of 14.4 and 15.1 mm against S. aureus and S. pyogenes, respectively. Whereas, compounds 37 and 38 showed IZ of 14.7 mm against E. coli. On the other hand, IZ of the essential oil against S. aureus was 13.4 mm. At 62.5 µg/mL, among the isolated compounds, compound 39 inhibited the highest (90.2%) DPPH radical while compounds 34 and 35 inhibited the least (18.5%) DPPH radical and their potency was confirmed by their IC50 value (2.0 and 85.7 µg/mL), respectively. In another way, the essential oil inhibited only 28.6% DPPH radical. According to the molecular docking studies result, among selected targets, Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PqsA) and human topoisomerase IIβ inhibited more (-9.1 and − 8.8 kcal/mol), respectively by compound 33. E. coli DNA Gyrase B inhibited more (-8.0 kcal/mol) by compound 38. Whereas pyruvate kinase M2 inhibited more (-9.9 kcal/mol) by compound 39. The result of SwissADME and Pro Tox II online tool analysis indicated that all tested isolated compounds fulfill the Lipinski’s rule of five and none of them are suspected to be fatal if swallowed. Therefore, the in silico study result of compound 33–39 supported the in vitro test result and hence might be considered as a lead compound in antibacterial and anticancer drug development. Furthermore, the presence of these active phytochemicals might be an evidence for the traditional uses of the plant.
How Online Health Information Searches by Chinese Citizens Affect Vaccination Behaviour During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conditional Process Model
Authors: Xu Yunpeng , Pan Chen , Kong Peiyu , Shangguan Lina
Published: October 2023

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, online health information search (OHIS)has emerged as a crucial tool for the public to access health-related information and influence their health attitudes. However, it also presents challenges to the public’s vaccination behaviour (VB). This study aims to analyse the impact of OHIS on VB in the context of the pandemic.
Methods
Data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) comprising 2547 samples were analysed. The study employed logistic regression, path analysis, and the Bootstrap method to explore the influence of OHIS on VB. Particular attention was given to the mediating roles of satisfaction with the healthcare system (SWTHS)and Vaccine Risk Perception (VRP), as well as the moderating effect of Perceived Usefulness of Online Information (PUOI)
Results
The study revealed a significant positive association between OHIS and VB, indicating that OHIS contributes to increased vaccination behaviour. In the pathway connecting OHIS to VB, SWTHS played a significant negative mediating role, while vaccine risk perception did not exhibit a mediating effect. Additionally, PUOI was identified as having a negative moderating influence on the relationship between OHIS and SWTHS.
Conclusion
This study employed the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice model and the Dual-System Theory of Decision Making to create a conditional process model examining the mechanistic influence of OHIS on VB. The findings revealed that promoting increased online health information searching, enhancing information usefulness, boosting satisfaction with the healthcare system, and concurrently reducing vaccine risk perception effectively promoted vaccine uptake during health crises. These insights have practical implications for public health interventions and information dissemination strategies.
Corneal Biomechanics and Their Association With Severity of Lens Dislocation in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Jin Guangming , Zou Minjie , Li Longhui , Liu Zhenzhen , Young Charlotte , Qi Haotian , Zheng Danying
Published: October 2023

Purpose: To investigate corneal biomechanical properties and its associations with the severity of lens dislocation in patients with Marfan syndrome.
Methods: A total of 30patients with Marfan syndrome and 30 age-, sex- and axial length (AL) - matched controls were recruited. Corneal biomechanical parameters of both groups were measured by CorVis ST and were compared between groups. Potential associations between corneal biomechanical parameters and severity of lens dislocation were also investigated.
Results: Lower applanation 1 velocity (A1V) (0.13 ± 0.004 vs. 0.15 ± 0.003, P = 0.016), shorter applanation 2 time (A2T)(22.64 ± 0.11 vs. 22.94 ± 0.11, P = 0.013), longer peak distance (PD) (5.03 ± 0.07 vs. 4.81 ± 0.05, P = 0.008), longer radius (R) of highest concavity (7.44 ± 0.16 vs. 6.93 ± 0.14, P = 0.012), greater Ambrosio relational thickness horizontal (ARTh) (603 ± 20 vs. 498 ± 12, P <0.001), and integrated radius (IR) (8.32 ± 0.25 vs. 8.95 ± 0.21,P =0.033) were detected among Marfan eyes compared with controls (all P<0.05). Marfan individuals with more severe lens dislocation tended to have increased stiffness parameter as longer A1T, slower A1V, shorter A2T, slower application 2 velocity (A2V), smaller PD and smaller Distance Amplitude (DA). (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Marfan patients were detected to have increased corneal stiffness compared with normal subjects. Corneal biomechanical parameters were significantly associated with the severity of lens dislocation in Marfan patients.
Monitoring hyperhydration and polyneuromyopathy in critically ill patients using Bioelectrical impedance
Authors: Káňová Marcela , Petřeková Karin , Borzenko Nadezhda , Rusková Klára , Nytra Ivana , Dzurňáková Pavla , Burda Michal
Published: October 2023

Background: Hyperhydration and muscle wasting can be profoundly detrimental in the critically ill. Properly assessing the fluid status and body composition is not trivial and is still a considerable challenge. Our study aims to assess the feasibility of using Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) to monitor hydration status and skeletal muscle mass in the critically ill [including patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], and to determine the effect on mortality of hyperhydration and muscle loss measured by BIVA compared with the recorded cumulative fluid balance (CFB). Another objective was to assess the prognostic ability of the phase angle (PA from BIVA) in comparison to that of other prognostic markers (APACHE II, serum presepsin).
Methods: We set up a prospective, clinical blinded observational study comprising COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with an expected duration of artificial pulmonary ventilation (APV) of at least seven days. We recorded demographic data, daily cumulative fluid balance (CFB) and laboratory test results (albumin, prealbumin, presepsin, CRP) along with BIVA measurements. Measurements were performed 3 times during hospitalization. The first measurement was performed within 48 hours of admission, then one week after admission and the last one before discharge.
Results: Using the 61 COVID-19 patients with ARDS on APV and/or ECMO with 3 consecutive BIVA measurements (each taken one week apart), we were able to demonstrate a positive correlation between hyperhydration (increase ECW/TBW and decrease PA) and mortality. The result was statistically significant (p = 0.005) when we excluded ECMO patients. Unlike CFB, which did not yield a statistically significant result in assessing hyperhydration, the ECW/TBW ratio and overhydration (OHY) from bioimpedance was more accurate (p = 0.0050 and p = 0.0402 in the non-ECMO group). There was no statistically significant decrease in skeletal muscle mass (SMM).
Conclusions: BIVA can be used for monitoring hydration and nutritional status in critically ill patients and is more accurate than CFB, although the need for ECMO support limits its accuracy. Hyperhydration (ECW/TBW and OHY) and low PA are also effective in predicting mortality only in non-ECMO patients. Regression analysis confirms the correlation between hyperhydration (short BIVA vector length and higher ECW/TBW ratio) and increasing presepsin with concomitant decreasing albumin.
Early changes of blood lipids in students : a longitudinal study
Authors: Zhi Xiao-Yu , Yin Xin , Wang Zhi-Long , Sun Chang-Hao , Liu Yi-Tian , Liu Liang-Yu , Zheng Ying-Ying , Wu Ting-Ting , Xie Xiang
Published: October 2023

Aim: To clarify the prevalence of dyslipidemia and trends in changes in lipid profile in young college students.
Methods: This was a retrospective, longitudinal study. A sample of 937 students from Xinjiang Medical University was included. All baseline data and blood lipid tests obtained from 2018 and 2021 physical exams were evaluated. The trends are computed using linear regression.
Results: Compared with 2018, the incidence of dyslipidemia increased significantly in 2021, and the mean values of body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased, while the mean values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased significantly. In the sub-analysis of sex, ethnicity, and BMI groups, we found that the values of the cardiovascular risk components were higher in males than in females, and that the increase in the prevalence of dyslipidemia over three years was more specific in males than in females. Differences in blood lipid composition across ethnic groups were more pronounced in 2021, with significant increases in the prevalence of low LDL-C and dyslipidemia within the Han, Uygur and Kazak ethnic groups, as well as among lean, normal, overweight and obese groups based on BMI nutritional status. The rate of dyslipidemia increases with BMI. The incidence of high TG, high LDL-C and low HDL-C was significantly higher in the obese group than in the other groups. The results of linear regression revealed that, in total students (R2 =0.315), Sex (β=-1.125, P<0.001), SBP (β=0.034, P=0.002), DBP (β=0.058, P<0.001), TG (β=1.047, P<0.001), HDL (β=-2.474, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors of BMI.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates an increasing trend of dyslipidemia in young adults, which enriches the limited data on early changes in lipid profiles and gives insight into the distress of dyslipidemia in young adults.
Enhancement of The Pb/Sn Perovskite Solar Cells Efficiency Using a Graded Bandgap Model in Absorber Layer
Authors: Parashkouh Ali Baghban , Sadr Ali
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a SnO2:F/PCBM/MAPb1 − ySnyI3/PEDOT:PSS/Au perovskite solar cell with compositionally graded bandgap was designed to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Notably, the bandgap energy (Eg) trend of MAPb1 − ySnyI3 compounds with several composition values, y, was utilized to select the grading profile. Applying typical values for the device parameters, simulations were performed with SCAPS. Higher bandgap materials were employed near the front and bottom interfaces of the absorber to control the recombination rate; however, lower bandgap materials were used in the middle of the absorber to improve the generation rate. The best model was achieved using y = 0.5 and y = 1 as two end materials. This model improved the PCE of the simulated Pb- and Sn-based solar cells by around 22.7% and 31.4%, respectively. The best PCE of 28.86% was obtained by dividing the absorber layer into three uniform parts of 1.18 eV (y = 0.5) and 1.3 eV (y = 1) and, optimizing their thicknesses. The proposed model increased the short-circuit current density (Jsc) to more than 37.7 mA/cm2, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of around 1.1 V. Finally, applying the parabolic grading for the bandgap shift between 1.18 eV and 1.3 eV showed that increasing the inner part thickness of the absorber, up to the value of 570 nm, will slightly enhance the PCE of the solar cell.
Assessing longitudinal gut microbiome dynamics in relation to age and senescence in a wild animal population
Authors: Worsley Sarah F. , Davies Charli S. , Lee Chuen Zhang , Mannarelli Maria-Elena , Burke Terry , Komdeur Jan , Dugdale Hannah L. , Richardson David S.
Published: October 2023

Background
In humans, gut microbiome (GM) differences are often correlated with, and sometimes causally implicated in, ageing. However, it is unclear how these findings translate in wild animal populations. Furthermore, studies that investigate how GM dynamics change within individuals (as opposed to among individuals), and with declines in physiological condition, are needed to fully understand links between chronological age, senescence, and the GM, but have rarely been done. Here, we use longitudinal data collected from a closed population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) to investigate how bacterial GM alpha diversity, composition, and stability are associated with chronological age and the year leading up to death. We hypothesise that GM diversity and composition will differ, and variability will increase, in older adults, particularly in the terminal year prior to death, as it becomes dysregulated due to host senescence.
Results
GM alpha diversity and composition remained largely invariable with respect to adult age and did not differ in an individual’s terminal year. Furthermore, there was no evidence that the GM became more heterogenous in senescent age groups (individuals older than 6 years), or in the terminal year. Instead, environmental variables such as season, territory quality, and time of day, were the strongest predictors of GM variation in adult Seychelles warblers.
Conclusion
We found no evidence to suggest that host senescence is associated with GM restructuring within a natural population. This contrasts with studies on humans, captive animal populations, and some (but not all) studies on non-human primates, suggesting that GM deterioration may not be a universal hallmark of senescence in wild animal species. Further work is needed to disentangle the factors driving variation in GM-senescence relationships across different host taxa.
ECOPEDAGOGIA NA RELAÇÃO CAPITAL-NATUREZA
Authors: Dickmann Ivo , De Oliveira Pereira Ana Maria
Published: October 2023

Este artigo estabelece uma crítica ao atual modelo de vida e produção capitalista, tendo como pano de fundo a Ecopedagogia. Para isso, discute os dilemas do desenvolvimento sustentável, sua história, limites e possibilidades, após apresenta a dialética do trabalho na relação entre seres humanos e natureza e, num último momento, trata a questão da formação humana e da práxis docente relacionado aos princípios da Ecopedagogia para repensar uma nova mentalidade socioambiental. Ao final, elenca um conjunto de considerações indicativas que se apresentam como resultado da reflexão ecopedagógica em diálogo com as teorias críticas da educação e da sociedade.
Palavras-chave: Natureza; Capital; Trabalho; Ecopedagogia.
TRATADO DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL PARA SOCIEDADES SUSTENTÁVEIS TRINTA ANOS DEPOIS, HAVERÁ MAIS 30?
Authors: Stortti Marcelo Aranda , Sato Michelle , Sanchez Celso
Published: October 2023

O objetivo desse artigo consiste em fazer uma breve reflexão e teorização sobre o “Tratado de Educação Ambiental”. Na primeira parte é resgatado o contexto histórico-cultural de sua data de publicação na Rio-92. Depois, são analisados os desdobramentos do Tratado na sociedade, demonstrando como resultados as centenas de políticas públicas e de pesquisas e programas de formação no campo das pesquisas. Na terceira parte são analisadas as concepções teóricas relacionadas com o processo de construção desse documento. E no final, apresenta-se como esse “Tratado” ainda tem um papel fundamental na sociedade atual.
A EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DIANTE DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL CRÍTICA: UM ESTUDO INTERDISCIPLINAR DE UM CURSO TÉCNICO EM SEGURANÇA DO TRABALHO NUMA UNIDADE DE CONSERVAÇÃO
Authors: Pereira do Nascimento Patrícia Maria
Published: October 2023

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Evaluation of High-Alert Drug Storage in The Central Pharmacy of RSUD Ratu Zalecha Martapura
Authors: Rosanti Diah Aulia , Sari Sri Oktaviani , Sari Sindwi Rinanda , Mahendra Rachul Ridho , Sandi Dita Ayulia Dwi , Sari Okta Muthia , Putra Aditya Maulana Perdana , Rahmatullah Satrio Wibowo , Jenah Rina Astiyani , Hafizah Noor
Published: October 2023

Background: High-alert drugs require special attention when used because they can cause adverse reactions. High-alert drugs are classified into 3, namely, concentrated electrolytes, LASA, and cytostatics. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the evaluation of High-alert drug storage at the central pharmacy of Ratu Zalecha Martapura Hospital. Material and Methods: The research was conducted using a descriptive method, with observational data collection using an observation checklist sheet. The population and study sample took data on all High-alert medicines at the central pharmacy of Ratu Zalecha Martapura Hospital. Results: High alert drug storage was based on SOP, placed in a central pharmacy using the FIFO and FEFO methods, was placed in a separate place based on cytotoxic drug groups, electrolyte concentrates, and others. High alert drug storage according to storage temperature requirements for each drug (cold temperature and room temperature), was labeled "high alert" and electrolyte concentrates were only available in pharmaceutical installations. Conclusions: The conclusion of this research was High-alert drug storage in the Pharmaceutical installation of Ratu Zalecha Martapura Hospital have been qualified seven (7) criteria based on Minister of Health Decision Nu. 1128 of 2022 and Minister of Health Regulation Nu. 72 of 2016. Good and correct drug storage is very important in order to maintain the quality and quality of drugs.
Sexual and Reproductive Health Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Effects of SRH Education programs on mitigation of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases
Authors: Yahaya Hafsat , Akinwole Peter , Lawal Olusola , Shuaib Abdurahman , Sulaiman Afeez , Odoemena Joseph , Lebari Kabel Kadilo
Published: October 2023

Exactly 9% of the world’s HIV-positive people live in Nigeria. Over 6
million persons with HIV are still reported to live in South Africa. The
adult prevalence rate is 26.5% in Swaziland, followed by 17.9%,
13.3%, and 11.1% in South Africa, Namibia, and Mozambique,
respectively. South Africa, where females had a three times higher
annual incidence than males (1.5% vs 0.5), saw the greatest rate of new
HIV infections in 2017 among youths between the ages of 15 and 24 (1%
annual incidence). The inadequate access to and rates of HIV testing
among teenagers in high HIV burden African countries have been
emphasized. An effective Sexual and Reproductive Health Education (SRHE)
will go a long way in promoting healthy behaviors and reduce the
transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI’s).
Youth-targeted television shows and other cutting-edge Comprehensive
Sexuality Education (CSE) programs have been successful in giving young
people the knowledge and skills they need to protect themselves and make
responsible sexual health decisions. However, important obstacles such
as societal hurdles, educator resistance, and gender inequities continue
to exist. A multidimensional strategy, including thorough curricula,
teacher training, peer education, coordination with healthcare
providers, community participation, and family involvement, is needed to
overcome these barriers.
Is earnings management impacted by audit fees and auditor tenure? An analysis of the Big Four audit firms in the US market
Authors: Santos-Jaén José Manuel , Martín de Almagro-Vázquez Gema , Valls Martínez María del Carmen
Published: October 2023

Research background: Audits are intended to ensure the reliability of financial statements, as this is fundamental for different stakeholders. However, both auditor tenure and audit fees could affect the earnings management of companies. In 2014, the European Union established a mandatory audit firm rotation policy. In the United States, although there is still no mandatory regulation in this regard, there has been a large public debate over the advisability of this policy. Another unresolved controversy is whether audit fees determine audit quality.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to study the effect of auditor tenure and audit fees on earnings management, i.e., to determine whether a longer-term relationship between the auditor and the audited company, as well as higher audit fees, reduce the audited company's earnings management, thereby making the financial statements more reliable for stakeholders and increasing the quality of the audit report. In addition, the Big Four auditing companies in the United States were analyzed in order to determine the influence of corporate culture.
Methods: A sample of companies listed in the S&P 500 stock market index was employed for the analysis, covering the years 2012 to 2021, resulting in a dataset comprising 3,010 observations. To examine the research hypotheses while mitigating the potential bias from omitted variables, a linear regression analysis was conducted using panel data with fixed effects regression. To enhance the robustness of the results, winsorized variables were also employed.
Findings & value added: Overall, the results confirm that the quality of financial statements improves as auditor tenure increases, and so implementing a mandatory auditor rotation may not be in a company’s best interests. The results also support the market segmentation theory, as higher audit fees are aligned with higher quality financial reporting. Furthermore, by analyzing the Big Four audit companies in the US, it is shown that the influence of audit fees and auditor tenure on earnings management also depends on the internal aspects of the particular audit firm, especially its ethical culture. In sum, US policymakers should neither set limits on audit fees nor enforce a mandatory audit firm rotation similar to that of the EU.
Striking for public power: Workers, energy and the nationalization of Puerto Rico's electrical grid, 1933-1941
Authors: Standen Alex
Published: October 2023

This article examines the role of working people in the energy transition that played out in Puerto Rico in the 1930s and 1940s – from a private, fossil fuel-based regime to a public, hydroelectric system. It argues that by withholding their labor, organizing boycotts, and sabotaging energy infrastructure, working people disrupted the energy systems that powered Puerto Rico and helped to initiate a nearly-decade-long transition to public hydropower. For the present-day Puerto Ricans fighting the privatization of energy in the streets and on the picket lines, this history should be both affirming and instructive. It reminds us that public power took shape in those same spaces. For others across the globe who see an energy transition as essential to a more humane and equitable future, this history suggests that energy systems can be made and unmade through class struggle.
The Effect of Problem Based Learning Models with Question Cards on Environmental Pollution Materials on Problem Solving Ability, Scientific Attitudes, and Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Dila* Elvi Fuspita , Suyanto Slamet
Published: October 2023

Problem solving ability (PSA) is one of the skills that is the focus of the 21st century, besides that scientific attitudes and learning outcomes are also important components that must be possessed by students. This research aims to determine the effect of problem based learing (PBL) with question cards on environmental pollution on PSA, scientific attitudes, and student learning outcomes. The type of research used a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. Sampling used a cluster random sampling technique. Data collection used PSA description questions, scientific attitude questionnaires, and multiple-choice test to measure the learning outcomes. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (Manova) test, and N-gain test. The average results of students in the experimental class were higher than those in the control class. The multivariate analysis of variance test results obtained a Sig. 0.000, and the N-gain test result in the experimental class obtained moderate criteria. Based on the results it is concluded that the PBL model with question cards have a significant effect
A Comparison of the Effect of Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Noori Ahmed Nermeen , Nazar Alwahab Zahraa
Published: October 2023

Aim: To comparison the shear bond strength of Titanium alloy with different surface treatment. Materials and methods. cylindrical shaped samples composed of metal and ceramic were prepared by lost wax technique and ceramic buil d up, total 21 samples with different surface treatment, subgroup 7 samples for each group according to surface treatment, each sample was veneered performed by the conventional layering technique according to manufacturers` instruction. A universal testing machine was used to determine the shear bond strength. One- way ANOVA test (analysis of variance) to verify if there any statistical significant difference within each group and among the three groups. Least significant difference (LSD) test to compare between each two groups when ANOVA test showed significant difference. t- test to examine the source of differences. Results. On -way (ANOVA) test was used to analyse the results, there was highly significant differences between the groups. Conclusion. In this study, only treatment of sandblasting offered enough bonding strength, sandblasted with AL2O3 obtained the best results with Tic.
The Impact of Aloe Vera Gel on Healing of Surgically Made Maxillary Mucosal Wounds in Rabbits
Authors: A. Hasan Asmaa , W. Majid Omer
Published: October 2023

Objective: The purpose of present study is to evaluate the effect of Aloe Vera gel on granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis and re-epithelialization stages of experimental healing process of maxillary oral mucosa in rabbits. Materials and methods: The current experimental study was carried out on twenty albino rabbits which were randomly selected and inhabited under same conditions involving ventilation, temperature and diet. Each rabbit was anesthetized separately and undergone surgical procedure in both sides of upper alveolar bone included longitudinal oral mucosal incision followed by circular bone defect creation, then placement of tiny gel foam piece and Aloe Vera gel in left side, while right side bone hole was l eft empty to act as control. According to euthanization time, rabbits were divided into five groups and sacrificed at the 3rd, 7th, 14th,28th and 42 days post-wounding, histological and histomorphometrical assessment included evaluation of am ount of granulation tissue formed and angiogenesis and re-epithelialization. Results: Histological results revealed a statistically significant difference in amount of granulation tissue and neo-vascularization formed and re-epithelialization between control and Aloe Ver a groups at certain time intervals within total period of experiment with favor to Aloe Vera group. Conclusion: The us e of Aloe Vera gel exhibits a beneficial effect by increasing granulation tissue formation and subsequent angi ogenesis and enhancement of re-epithelialization in healing process.