bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Relational Analysis of State Law and Folk Law in the Bongkoran Agrarian Conflicts, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sholahudin Umar , Siahaan Hotman , Wiratraman Herlambang Perdana
Published: October 2020

Apart from having a socio-economic dimension, agrarian conflicts in Bongkoran, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, also have a legal dimension. There is a dualism of law that is conflictual in terms of land tenure and use claims. One party, the government, and corporations rely on legalistic-positivistic state laws, while local people rely on folk law, namely informal laws that have existed, lived, and developed in communal society for generations. This research focuses on how the sociological perspective of law analyzes the legal conflicts that occur in Bongkoran agrarian conflict, particularly between state law and folk law. This research used a qualitative method with a legal sociology perspective. The research subjects were farmers/people of Bongkoran, Community Legal Advisors (CLA), Government (Local Government, National Land Agency, and Police), and corporate elements (PT Wongsorejo). Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, based on certain considerations that can be recognized beforehand, namely recognizing and understanding the problem under this research. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively by referring to the perspectives that have been presented. The results indicated that the resolution of agrarian conflicts in Bongkoran requires the implementation of laws that are more just for local communities. The implementation of the laws is not only based on rigid articles in the law, but it needs attention to the socio-cultural and historical context of the community. The dominance of state law over folk law in agrarian conflicts results in the practice of subjugation of state law to folk law, both persuasively and repressively. Therefore, to minimize the tension and conflict between state law and folk law in agrarian conflicts, it is necessary to have a new understanding of the relationship between the two laws. The existence and enforcement of folk law are used as a complementary element in normative aspects that have not been regulated in state law.
Pengaruh Leverage Dan Agresivitas Pajak Terhadap Intensitas Inventori Serta Intensitas Aset Perusahaan (Studi Riset Perusahaan Perseroan TerbatasSektor Industri Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada Tahun 2014-2018)
Authors: Friandi Sendy Zul , Dewi Ratnasari , Kartika Amelia
Published: October 2020

Tujuan terhadap penelitian ini agar nantinya peneliti dapat mengetahui pengaruh leverage, dan agresivitas pajak secara parsial dan bersama-samaterhadap intensitas inventori dan intensitas aset perusahaanPeriode penelitian yang digunakan adalah 5 tahun yaitu periode 2014-2018.Adapun populasi penelitian inihanya meliputi perusahaan Perseroan Terbatas Sektor Industri Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2014-2018. dalam pengambilan sampel peneliti menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Yangberdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan dari jumlah sampel diolah menggunakan metode variabel dependen dalam menentukan Effective Tax Rate (ETR), variabel Independen dalam menentukan X1 X2 X3, setiap metode Uji kelayakan data penulis mengunakan Teknik Pemilihan Model Estimasi Data Panel. Jenis data yang nantinya digunakan adalah data sekunder diperoleh dari situs BEI. Dan terakhir metode analisis data menggunakan sebuah analisis regresi data panel.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa peranan dan leverage berpengaruh positif, agresivitas pajakterhadap intensitas inventori tidak berpengaruh, dan intensitas aset perusahaan berpengaruh negatif.
Clustering Elements of Truss Structures for Damage Identification by CBO
Authors: Talebpour Mohammad Hosein , Goudarzi Younes , Sharifnezhad Mehrdad
Published: October 2020

The number of structural elements plays a significant role in detecting damage location and severity; such methods have sometimes failed to provide correct solutions due to the entrapment of damage detection algorithms in the local optimum. To resolve this problem, this study proposed the simultaneous use of mathematical and statistical methods to narrow down the search space. To this end, a two-step damage detection method was proposed. In the first step, the structural elements were initially divided into different clusters using the k-means method. Subsequently, the possibly damaged elements of each cluster were identified. In the second step, the elements selected in the first step were placed in a new set, and a process was applied to identify their respective damage location and severity. Thus, the proposed method reduced the search space as well as the possibility of entrapment in the local optimum. Other advantages of the proposed method include the use of fewer dynamic properties. Accordingly, by narrowing down the search space and the dimensions of the system for governing equations, the proposed method could significantly increase the chance of obtaining favorable results in structures with many elements and those with few vibration modes. A meta-heuristic method, called the colliding bodies optimization (CBO), was used in the proposed damage detection optimization algorithm. The optimization problem was based on the modal strain energy equations. According to the results, the proposed method was able to detect the location and severity of damage, even at its slightest percentage.
Delineasi Sub-Cekungan Sedimen di Pulau Misool dan Sekitarnya Berdasarkan Analisis Data Gaya Berat
Authors: Padmawidjaja Tatang , Supriyana Eddy
Published: October 2020

Konfigurasi batuan alas di bagian utara Pulau Misool belum memberikan informasi adanya pola struktur geologi seperti yang berkembang di bagian selatan. Dengan demikian diperlukan adanya kajian yang bisa memperkirakan keberadaan struktur geologi yang diduga berkembang ke arah utara. Data gaya berat yang telah diperoleh di P. Misool diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi terkait keberadaan pola struktur geologi.Berdasarkan anomali gaya berat diperoleh adanya nilai tinggi di bagian selatan dan membentuk punggungan anomali berkorelasi terhadap jalur antiklin Missol-Onin. Anomali bernilai rendah membentuk cekungan anomali di bagian utara P. Misool dan merupakan bagian Cekungan Salawati. P. Missol di bagian utara ditempati oleh batuan Kuarter yang menutupi struktur geologi. Nilai anomali gaya berat berkisar antara 50 sampai 105,5 mGal membentuk zona punggungan dan rendah anomali. Analisis dengan metode SVD digunakan untuk mempertegas zona depocenter yang telah diperoleh. Model geologi berdasarkan penampang anomali gaya berat diperoleh tiga nilai rapat massa yang mendeskripsikan tiga lapisan batuan sedimen yang berbeda.Katakunci: Pulau Misool, SVD, sub-cekungan, anomali, gaya berat.
Interpretasi Struktur Geologi Bawah Permukaan Berdasarkan Updating Data Gaya Berat Cekungan Banyumas, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Hidayat Hidayat , Subagio Subagio , Praromadani Zulimatul Safa'ah
Published: October 2020

Cekungan Banyumas adalah cekungan sedimen Paleogen-Neogen yang terdapat di Jawa Tengah bagian selatan dan merupakan salah satu cekungan sedimen dengan potensi hidrokarbon. Rembesan migas ditemukan di beberapa lokasi sekitar puncak Antiklin Cipari yang memisahkan sub-Cekungan Majenang dan sub-Cekungan Citanduy, dengan pola sebaran baratlaut – tenggara. Oil show juga ditemukan pada beberapa sumur eksplorasi di sekitar area studi yang merupakan indikasi terdapatnya sistem petroleum aktif di Cekungan Banyumas. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan analisis data gaya berat yang telah diperbarui oleh Pusat Survei Geologi dengan ketelitian dan kerapatan antar stasiun pengukuran lebih baik daripada data sebelumnya. Analisis data terdiri atas analisis spektrum untuk mengestimasi kedalaman batuan dasar dan filter Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) untuk mengetahui perubahan densitas dan orientasi kemiringan (dip) pada suatu lapisan. Band pass filter diterapkan pada anomali bouger lengkap untuk memperoleh anomali sisa gaya berat berdasarkan analisis spektrum. Anomali sisa gaya berat menunjukkan tren Antiklin Cipari yang relatif berarah baratlaut – tenggara. Analisis data selanjutnya disajikan dalam dua buah penampang, A – A' dan B – B' berupa pemodelan ke depan 2.5D dengan apriori: data pemboran Jati-1 dan penampang seismik serta informasi struktur peta geologi Lembar Majenang. Pola anomali tinggian dan rendahan di sekitar penampang ditafsirkan akibat adanya struktur geologi berupa patahan dan lipatan yang berkembang di sekitar area penelitian.Katakunci : Gaya berat, cekungan sedimen, SVD, analisis spektrum, Banyumas.
Valtion henkilöstökouluttajien jatkokoulutusohjelman opetussuunnitelma
Authors: Peisa Seppo
Published: October 2020

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan opetussuunnitelmatyön lähtökohtia henkilöstökoulutuksen alueella sekä valtion henkilöstökouluttajien jatkokoulusohjelman opetussuunnitelmaa. Henkilöstökoulutuksen alueella on tavallisimmin laadittu taloudellis-hallinnollisia suunnitelmia. Pedagogisia suunnitelmia on ryhdytty laatimaan vasta viime vuosien aikana. Syinä suunnitelmien laadinnalle voidaan pitää mm. tietoisuuden lisääntyminen keskeisimmistä ongelmista sekä didaktisen tietouden lisääntyminen. Valtion henkilöstökouluttajien jatkokoulutusohjelman opetussuunnitelmasta kuvataan pääasiassa sen yleistä osaa. Pätevyyden kohdalla painotetaan ammatin tieteellisen perustan etsintää sekä ns. yhtenäispätevyyden luomista. Samoin tässä yhteydessä käsitellään pätevyyden pääalueita. Opetussisältöjen valinnan perusteissa korostetaan oppiainejakoa sekä pääkriteerien muodostamista näiden sisällä. Artikkelissa esitetään lyhyesti opetuksen tavoite, didaktiset periaatteet sekä opetuksen organisointi ja ohjelmointi. Lopuksi esitetään kolme opetussuunnitelmatyön kehittämisen painopistealuetta.
Diagnoosin osumakohdista
Authors: Tervonen Ilkka
Published: October 2020

Artikkelissa analysoidaan aikuiskasvatuksen kielellisten ilmaisujen merkitystä, sivistystyön kehittymisen eri vaiheita ja aikuiskoulutuksen tehtäväaluejaon pätevyyttä vastineena edellisessä Aikuiskasvatus -lehdessä olleeseen Aulis Alasen artikkeliin. Kirjoittaja käsittelee aikuiskasvatuksen yleisen terminologian ja lähtökohtien lisäksi myös A ikuiskoulutuksen väliaikaisen kehittämisorganisaation laatimaa Aikuiskoulutuksen suunnittelukäsitteistöä kritisoiden mm. peruskäsitteitä.
Korkeakoulujen keskityttävä tieteellisyyteen
Authors: Heinonen Arto , Mäkelä Keijo
Published: October 2020

Artikkelin lähtökohtana on valmistunut Avoimen korkeakoulun toimikunnan mietintö. Kirjoittajat näkevät, että mietinnössä ei ole riittävästi selvitetty avoimen korkeakouluopetuksen tarvetta eikä se anna riittävää pohjaa tasa-arvopyrkimysten toteutumiselle. Korkeakouluopetus voi tapahtua vain tieteellisessä ilmapiirissä, tiedeyhteisössä, joka rakentuu tutkimukselle. Artikkelissa on myös kuvattu laajemmin korkeakoulujen asemaa aikuiskoulutuksessa.
A Case of Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Mimicking Peritonsillar Abscess
Authors: Lee Jun Young , Han Juho , Park Bumjung , Wee Jee Hye
Published: October 2020

Extracranial carotid artery aneurysm is an uncommon disease that otorhinolaryngologists may encounter only rarely. It usually presents as pulsatile neck mass or as other neurologic symptoms. We report a case of extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm in an 81-year old female who presented with a fever and nonpulsatile oropharyngeal swelling mimicking a peritonsillar abscess. Incision and drainage of the swelling lesion could have resulted in catastrophic events such as aneurismal rupture or a stroke. We thus recommend radiologic evaluations of peritonsillar abscess before performing any procedure, even if it is clinically highly suspicious.
A Case of Fibrolipoma of the Nasal Septum
Authors: Jeong Yeong Wook , Kim Joo Yeon , Kim Dong Young , Kwon Jae Hwan
Published: October 2020

Lipoma is the most common benign neoplasm in adults. While it is commonly found in the neck, trunk, and extremities, it is extremely rare in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, or nasal septum. To our knowledge, there have been only a few cases of septal lipomas reported in the English literature. A 32-year-old woman visited Kosin University Hospital complaining of left nasal congestion and throat discomfort. Upon nasal endoscopy examination and CT, we found a polypoid mass of 2.7×1.5 cm with an elongated neck occupying a region left of the nasopharyngeal to the oropharyngeal cavity. The mass was completely removed via endoscopic endonasal surgery under general anesthesia and was identified as a fibrolipoma in the histopathological examination. We report a case of a successfully treated fibrolipoma originating from the posterior margin of the nasal septum.
Residual Dizziness after Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Chang Munyoung , Mun Seog-Kyun
Published: October 2020

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common diseases that cause dizziness. It can be resolved relatively easily using canalith-repositioning maneuvers. However, some patients suffer from dizziness even after successful canalith-repositioning. This is an atypical dizziness felt in the absence of typical nystagmus after resolution of BPPV and named residual dizziness. Otolithic organ disorder, anxiety and persistence of debris in the canal have been reported to be associated with residual dizziness. Although 31-61% of BPPV patients suffer from residual dizziness, residual dizziness has not yet been clearly known not only the treatment but also the pathophysiology. This article investigate the factors associated with residual dizziness and treatment and prediction methods for residual dizziness.
Glucocorticoids Affect Male Testicular Steroidogenesis
Authors: HAMPL R. , STÁRKA L.
Published: October 2020

Through their receptors at each level of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis glucocorticoid excess, either endogenous or administered or stress-induced, could affect steroid production in the testis and thus male fertility. The main ways by which glucocorticoids act are as follows: 1) Affecting gonadoliberin and LH synthesis and release through glucocorticoid receptors in hypothalamic neurons and pituitary gonadotropes. 2) By so far not clearly evidenced reduction of the number of LH receptors on the membrane of Leydig cells. 3) By affecting expression and function of steroidogenic enzymes in the testis. 4) By regulation of in situ access of glucocorticoid to its target cells in the testis. 5) By promotion Leydig cell apoptosis. The review provides a survey of physiological and molecular mechanisms staying behind these effects. It does not deal with the clinical effects of glucocorticoid treatment which would substantially exceed the scope of the pater.
Endocrine Disruptors and Gut Microbiome Interactions
Authors: HAMPL R. , STÁRKA L.
Published: October 2020

Anthropogenic environmental pollutants affect many physiological, biochemical, and endocrine actions as reproduction, metabolism, immunity, behavior and as such can interfere with any aspect of hormone action. Microbiota and their genes, microbiome, a large body of microorganisms, first of all bacteria and co-existing in the host´s gut, are now believed to be autonomous endocrine organ, participating at overall endocrine, neuroendocrine and immunoendocrine regulations. While an extensive literature is available on the physiological and pathological aspects of both players, information about their mutual relationships is scarce. In the review we attempted to show various examples where both, endocrine disruptors and microbiota are meeting and can act cooperatively or in opposition and to show the mechanism, if known, staying behind these actions.
Persistence of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and cocksfoot following sequential annual sowings: pasture yield, composition and density in three establishment years under cattle grazing in Waikato
Authors: Cosgrove Gerald P. , Trolove Michael R. , Staincliffe Maryann R. , Tozer Katherine N.
Published: October 2020

Persistence is an important component of perennial pasture-grass productivity. Defining the traits that affect persistence is essential for improving pasture longevity through plant breeding and for identifying criteria that should be included in cultivar ranking indices. Compared with a conventional longitudinal study (a single study monitored over time), repeated annual sowings allow the effects on persistence of sowing year and the ensuing interactions between environment and age of pasture to be identified. An experiment commenced in 2016 in Waikato, in which eight cultivars of perennial ryegrass representing different ploidy, flowering date, and cultivar age, and one each of tall fescue and cocksfoot were sown each autumn in a randomised complete block design with four replicates in autumn 2016, spring 2017 and autumn 2018. This paper reports interim data on pasture yield, composition and density in the autumn following each sowing, and for the 2018 sowing only, in the 6 months after sowing. For the three successive autumn measurements there were significant effects due to cultivar, year of sowing and their interactions for all pasture variables. These differences in establishment may have consequences for the future resilience of these pastures under natural biotic and abiotic stressors.
Interactions between Musculoskeletal Dysfunction, Emotional Distress and Cytokines in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain Syndrome
Authors: Šmite Daina , Ancāne Gunta , Tretjakovs Pēteris
Published: October 2020

Despite different treatment methods, for approximately 30% of patients acute back pain turns into chronic pain syndrome which accompanied by disability creates remarkable material damage to patients themselves, to health care and to the society. The aim of the study was to analyse the interaction between musculoskeletal dysfunction, emotional distress and related disability, and their underlying neuroimonological pathophysiological mechanisms, in patients with chronic low back pain syndrome. The subjects were 43 patients, mean age 45 ± 1.3 years, with clinical diagnosis of lumbar spine disk pathology with chronic low back pain syndrome and present manifestation of emotional distress. All patients had complex assessment that included lumbar spine and pelvic motor control tests, muscle and ligaments palpation tests, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, PF subscale of SF-36 survey, Visual Analogue Scale, immunological analysis of blood to detect the level of cytokines. The results approved interaction (p < 0.05) between motor control and palpation tests results, emotional distress features and pain intensity. Therefore musculoskeletal dysfunction in patients with chronic low back pain is connected both with physical and psycho-emotional factors, which has to be taken into account both when evaluating functional tests and during the treatment process. Clinically important finding is that limitation in physical activities in chronic low back pain patients are affected both by motor control impairment and depression symptoms, as well as pain intensity, which has to be remembered during rehabilitation planning process. Some of cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-2) correlated with emotional disturbances physical disturbances, pain syndrome characteristics and physical disability in patients with chronic low back pain. IL-10 and IL-8 appeared to be two of the most characteristic cytokines. It is interesting to note, that in literature studies have approved the role of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of chronic, widespread pain syndrome, but IL-8 has been shown in the role of the pathogenesis of radicular pain syndrome in patients with lumbar spine disk pathology [1, 2]. Studies of cytokines extend the understanding of bio-psycho-social aspects of chronic pain syndrome pathogenesis therefore improving process of assessment, clinical reasoning and therapy.Keywords: musculoskeletal dysfunction, emotional distress, chronic pain, cytokines.
Educational Possibilities of Social Network for Persons with Spinal Injuries
Authors: Spiriajevienė Irma , Kreivinienė Brigita
Published: October 2020

The number of people with spinal injuries that caused disability is increasing each year. More often those injuries are caused by car accidents, after having a fall from height or dipping into the water. There are experienced radical changes in life that people face after spinal injuries. The disability is often accompanied by depressive moods that influence rehabilitation process and decisions about the future. Therefore the article analyzes how social network can help to shape a projection to the future after the spinal injuries. The possibilities of social network for people suffering from spinal injuries were barely analyzed in Lithuania, though studies of the foreign authors show that social network is eminently important recreating person’s possibilities in all spheres of life – from employment [1] to inclussion [2]. Social network also impacts the quality of further life [3]. Aim of the research was to analyze educational possibilities of social network after spinal injuries. Qualitative research is presented in the article. Twenty fives respondents from various regions of Lithuania participated in the research. The majority of research participants had spinal injuries (Th1–Th10) after the car accidents. In depth interview was used for gathering research material, then content analysis was applied. The research results were similar to those in the studies published by the foreign authors [1, 2, 4]. Social network is undoubtedly one of the most important for people after spinal injuries. The research results revealed that educational possibilities after spinal injuries of social network were realized via three main domains support after spinal injury, possibilities to choose as competence strengthening, control as a mean of empowerment and activation. The respondents of the research stated that support gained from the social network was the very first and the most important factor which impacted educational possibilities for the future. Social network also played an important role in having a possibility to choose. The research showed that very often people after the spinal injuries pursued not to change other factors of their life and tried to remain independent as much as possible. Technical aid as driving a car, learning new profession and others were mentioned as very important educational aspects gained with the help of social network. The research revealed that spinal injuries caused changes in the inner features of a person, they felt the need to help others in similar situations,, seek control of their life via occupation, aspired to study and work alternatively. In such a way people had a feeling of life control that worked as empowerment.Keywords: spinal injury, disability, social network.
The Research of Knowledge about the Joint Protection for Persons with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Šimkonis Raimundas , Radžiuvienė Rima
Published: October 2020

Research background. According to the statistics, every fourth resident of Lithuania complains of rheumatic malaise. Rheumatoid arthritis is the most serious disorder of rheumatic diseases. Reduced joint flexibility, joint deformities, and the surrounding muscles atrophy is one of the worst effects of RA. They affect self-care, productivity and leisure activities of the persons. For these reasons it is crucial for the persons with rheumatoid arthritis to be aware of possible harmful and dangerous aspects of their e daily life activities as well as the necessity of self-dependence. The aim of the research was to evaluate the knowledge of persons with rheumatoid arthritis about the joint protection during the exacerbations and remissions of the disease. Methods. The research involved 30 Kaunas city “Arthritis” club members with rheumatoid arthritis. Average age of respondents was 69.9 ± 0.9 years. The study was supported by a questionnaire, which included 29 questions. In order to protect their privacy, the patients were interviewed anonymously. Results. The research results showed which joint protection principles were best know and worst by the patients with RA. The study provided data about the behaviours of respondents in daily life activities protecting their joints of disease exacerbation and remission. Conclusions. It became clear that patients with rheumatoid arthritis had little knowledge about the possible ways of substitution of the injured joints, work and relaxation regimens, preservation of energy, joint mobility and stability and the use of technical rehabilitation devices. Persons with rheumatoid arthritis often avoided various activities during the exacerbation of the disease as well as they did not take care of their joints during the remission of the disease.Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, joint protection, occupational therapy.
A Model of Fatal Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Pomytkin I. A. , Karkischenko V. N. , Fokin Yu. V. , Nesterov M. S. , Petrova N. V.
Published: October 2020

This study was aimed at developing an experimental model of fatal acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) based on the intratracheal administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with muramylpeptide and Freund’s complete adjuvant to C57Bl/6Y mice sensitized with α-galactosylceramide. The developed model is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage to the lungs and high mortality rates, as well as by a multifold increase in the mRNA level of interleukin-6 in the lungs. The model can be used for assessing the efﬁcacy of drug candidates in the treatment of acute lung injury and ARDS, including in COVID-19.
Prophylactic and Therapeutic Administration of Leutragin Increases the Survival Rate of Animals in a Model of Fatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Karkischenko V. N. , Pomytkin I. A. , Gasanov M. T. , Nesterov M. S. , Fokin Yu. V. , Taboyakova L. A. , Alimkina O. V. , Khvostov D. V.
Published: October 2020

This study aims to investigate effects of leutragin, an opioid peptide analogue of endogenous dynorphin 1-6, on animal survival in an experimental model of “cytokine storm” and fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in C57Bl/6Y mice under different administration regimens. The aforementioned factors cause a severe course of COVID-19, which explains the current interest in seeking new treatments for ARDS. It was shown that both the prophylactic (before ARDS induction) and therapeutic (after ARDS induction) administration of leutragin in a combined mode — intramuscular injection plus inhalation leads to a statistically signiﬁcant increase in the survival rate of animals. Compared to the control, leutragin signiﬁcantly reduced the risk of death in animals with ARDS. The discovered prophylactic effect of leutragin deserves special attention due to its potential in preventing the onset of the disease and impeding the development of severe lung damage, thus reducing the risk of ARDS and fatal outcomes. Thus, the use of leutragin can be seen as a new effective approach to the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases associated with a “cytokine storm” and ARDS, including the coronavirus infection COVID-19.
HTA of FELUDA diagnostic test for COVID-19
Authors: Mukherjee Kanchan
Published: October 2020

Testing capacity has been the achilles heel for most of the low- and low-middle income countries responding to the current COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to a number of innovations in health technology globally and India has been no exception. In this study, a Health Technology Assessment (HTA) was done on the recently indigenously developed innovative FELUDA test for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in India. The HTA shows that at the current price of INR 500 (USD 6.8), FELUDA is a cost effective test as compared to RT-PCR and Rapid Antigen Test (RAT). Since, field sensitivity and specificity is unknown for this test, it is recommended that the test be first piloted and monitored for field sensitivity and specificity before roll out. This is the first HTA on a COVID-19 related health technology from India and future HTA’s at different points in the life cycle of FELUDA is recommended to guide policy.
Capacities and Results of Monitoring of Core Shared Research Facilities and Large-Scale Research Facilities for 2019
Authors: Kalyuzhnyi Kirill
Published: October 2020

Introduction. This article continues a series of publications (available at sie-journal.ru) about the results of monitoring the core shared research facilities (CSRF) and large-scale research facilities (LSRF) located in Russian organizations. We provide verified statistical data for 2019. 377 CSRF and 198 LSRF take an active role in monitoring. The results of the monitoring will be provided with the 2020 final report on the research work prepared with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.
Monitoring Tools. Statistical data was collected by the interviewing CSRF and LSRF representatives through forms stored on the ckp-rf.ru website.
Results. The results are presented in tables and figures, providing comprehensive data about the capacities of CSRF and LSRF (amounts, costs and age of the equipment; facility personnel) as well as the usage data (quantity and types of users, utilization ratio, income for the benefit of users, number of publications and of intellectual property assets, operating costs). The results of monitoring for 2019 did not reveal nor positive nor negative trends in the development of CSRF and LSRF network. Key indicators – utilization ratio, number of users, number of publications and of intellectual property assets obtained with the use of research equipment – increased slightly.
Conclusion. The results of monitoring can be used to analyze the Russian scientific infrastructure; to develop a programme of activities related to science and technology policy; to define infrastructure objects for financial support of the Government.
The Role Played by Mitochondria in FcεRI-Dependent Mast Cell Activation
Authors: Chelombitko Maria A. , Chernyak Boris V. , Fedorov Artem V. , Zinovkin Roman A. , Razin Ehud , Paruchuru Lakhsmi Bhargavi
Published: October 2020

Mast cells play a key role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity and are involved in pathogenesis of many inflammatory and allergic diseases. The most studied mechanism of mast cell activation is mediated by the interaction of antigens with immunoglobulin E (IgE) and a subsequent binding with the high-affinity receptor Fc epsilon RI (FcεRI). Increasing evidences indicated that mitochondria are actively involved in the FcεRI-dependent activation of this type of cells. Here, we discuss changes in energy metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics during IgE-antigen stimulation of mast cells. We reviewed the recent data with regards to the role played by mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial calcium ions (Ca2+) influx and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mast cell FcεRI-dependent activation. Additionally, in the present review we have discussed the crucial role played by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in the development and function of mast cells. These two transcription factors besides their nuclear localization were also found to translocate in to the mitochondria and functions as direct modulators of mitochondrial activity. Studying the role played by mast cell mitochondria following their activation is essential for expanding our basic knowledge about mast cell physiological functions and would help to design mitochondria-targeted anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
The Iron-Sulfur Flavoprotein DsrL as NAD(P)H:Acceptor Oxidoreductase in Oxidative and Reductive Dissimilatory Sulfur Metabolism
Authors: Löffler Maria , Wallerang Kai B. , Venceslau Sofia S. , Pereira Inês A. C. , Dahl Christiane
Published: October 2020

DsrAB-type dissimilatory sulfite reductase is a key enzyme of microbial sulfur-dependent energy metabolism. Sulfur oxidizers also contain DsrL, which is essential for sulfur oxidation inAllochromatium vinosum. This NAD(P)H oxidoreductase acts as physiological partner of oxidative-type rDsrAB. Recent analyses uncovered that DsrL is not confined to sulfur oxidizers but also occurs in (probable) sulfate/sulfur-reducing bacteria. Here, phylogenetic analysis revealed a separation into two major branches, DsrL-1, with two subgroups, and DsrL-2. When present in organisms with reductive-type DsrAB, DsrL is of type 2. In the majority of cases oxidative-type rDsrAB occurs with DsrL-1 but combination with DsrL-2-type enzymes is also observed. Three model DsrL proteins, DsrL-1A and DsrL-1B from the sulfur oxidizersA. vinosumandChlorobaculum tepidum, respectively, as well as DsrL-2 from thiosulfate- and sulfur-reducingDesulfurella amilsiiwere kinetically characterized.DaDsrL-2 is active with NADP(H) but not with NAD(H) which we relate to a conserved YRR-motif in the substrate-binding domains of all DsrL-2 enzymes. In contrast,AvDsrL-1A has a strong preference for NAD(H) and theCtDsrL-1B enzyme is completely inactive with NADP(H). Thus, NAD+as well as NADP+are suitablein vivoelectron acceptors for rDsrABL-1-catalyzed sulfur oxidation, while NADPH is required as electron donor for sulfite reduction. This observation can be related to the lower redox potential of the NADPH/NADP+than the NADH/NAD+couple under physiological conditions. Organisms with ardsrABanddsrL-1gene combination can be confidently identified as sulfur oxidizers while predictions for organisms with other combinations require much more caution and additional information sources.
Sensitivity of Zasmidium citri-griseum to Fenbuconazole and Control of Citrus Greasy Spot in Panama
Authors: Aguilera-Cogley Vidal , Vicent Antonio
Published: October 2020

Citrus greasy spot, caused by Zasmidium citri-griseum ( = Mycosphaerella citri) is the most prevalent fungal disease of citrus in Panama, causing premature defoliation and yield reduction. Fungicide applications are generally needed for the control of greasy spot. In this study, the sensitivity to fenbuconazole of 34 isolates of Z. citri-griseum from Panama was determined by calculating the effective concentration needed to reduce mycelial growth by 50% (EC50). Two field trials were conducted from 2011 to 2013, to evaluate the efficacy of fenbuconazole to reduce disease severity and yield loss. The EC50 values for fenbuconazole ranged from 0.09 to 7.62 μg mL−1, with a mean EC50 value of 2.66 ± 0.36 SE μg mL−1 for mycelial growth. These data can be used for monitoring sensitivity shifts in Z. citri-griseum to fenbuconazole and reduce risk of fungicide resistance in Panama. In the field trials, sprays with fenbuconazole significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) the severity of greasy spot on leaves compared with the non-treated control. Greater disease control was obtained when three sprays of fenbuconazole were applied instead of one. Nevertheless, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected in yield.
Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Diverse Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Genotypes from Northern Turkey
Authors: Sagbas Halil Ibrahim , Ilhan Gulce , Zitouni Hafida , Anjum Muhammad Akbar , Hanine Hafida , Necas Tomas , Ondrasek Ivo , Ercisli Sezai
Published: October 2020

Wild edible fruits have been used centuries by local people mainly for nutrition purposes and they have attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade throughout the world. Among wild edible fruits, the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) is widely distributed mainly in Mediterranean countries. However, the lack of information about strawberry tree genetic resources in Mediterranean countries is a major cause of its low exploitation by breeders. For a practical use and exploitation of the strawberry tree native germplasm, phenological, morphological, and biochemical characterization of the plant is essential. In this study, some important phenological, morphological, and biochemical characteristics of sixteen local strawberry tree genotypes were determined. Significant variations (p < 0.05) were observed in most of the investigated phenological, morphological, and biochemical traits of the genotypes. The genotypes were harvested between 2–21 November. The fruit weight and the number of fruits per cluster of the genotypes varied from 3.89 to 6.86 g and 3.61 to 7.94, respectively. Vitamin C and total dietary fiber contents of genotypes were found quite variable, ranging from 58 to 93 mg/100 g and 7.04 to 12.36 g/100 g, respectively. The fruits of the strawberry tree include mainly fructose and glucose rather than sucrose. Local strawberry tree genotypes are found to be promising for further valorization through horticultural characteristics for breeding. Some genotypes had significantly higher fruit weight, vitamin C concentrations, total dietary fiber, and total phenolic concentration and may be good selections for producing health products.
The Economic Impact of Paraffin Type and Substrate Mixture on the Production of Grafted Vines—Case Study Muscat Ottonel
Authors: Călugăr Anamaria , Corbean Dan , Pop Nastasia , Bunea Claudiu Ioan , Babeș Anca Cristina , Iliescu Maria , Bora Florin Dumitru , Muresan Iulia Cristina
Published: October 2020

The study focussed on a nursery by analyzing its strategic choices to obtain the best profit on grapevine planting material. The production of grapevine grafts involves high labor and material costs. In this study, Muscat Ottonel grape variety grafted on Oppenheim Sellection 4 rootstock was paraffined with different types of wax: standard wax (SW), paraffin with 8-chinolinol (8C) and paraffin with oxiquinolein (OX) (before callusing), and silver color (S), blue color (B) and standard (SW) paraffin (after grafting callusing and before planting in field nursery). After uprooting from the field nursery, all variants were paraffined with red paraffin for storage. The unit cost price was calculated based on total expenses and the yield of grafts obtained in the vine field nursery. The lowest price per unit cost was recorded for the 8C/S variant, directly related to the first quality yield after uprooting from the nursery. The highest profit rate was for the 8C/S variant, while the lowest was registered to the SW/SW variant. The grafts of the 8C/S variant were potted in three rooting mixtures. Variant B (forest ground 60% + black peat 25% + river sand 10% + conifer sawdust 5%) generated the highest yield of the potted grafted vine with a rate of profit of over 170%, due to the lower production cost and high yield of potted vines, while variant C (forest ground 70% + river sand 15% + conifer sawdust 15%), determinate the lowest yield. Results may be useful in orienting the small-to-medium grapevine planting materials producers to choose the best cooperative strategies, which nurseries might implement to enhance their competitiveness and survive in the long-run.
Effects of Copra Meal Inclusion Level in Growing-Finishing Pig Diets Containing β-Mannanase on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Blood Urea Nitrogen Concentrations and Pork Quality
Authors: Jang Jae-Cheol , Kim Dong Hyuk , Hong Jin Su , Jang Young Dal , Kim Yoo Yong
Published: October 2020

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of copra meal (CM) inclusion level on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations, and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing β-mannanase. Eighty crossbred pigs with average body weight (BW) of 27.22 ± 0.09 kg were allotted to five dietary treatments with four pigs per pen and four replicates per treatment based on sex and BW. The dietary treatments were: (1) NC: negative control, corn-soybean meal (SBM) based basal diet, (2) PC: positive control, basal diet + 0.10% β-mannanase (800 IU/ kg diet), (3) CM6: PC diet with 6% CM inclusion, (4) CM12: PC diet with 12% CM inclusion, and (5) CM18: PC diet with 18% CM inclusion in a three-phase feeding program (growing: 0–6 weeks, finishing I: 7–9 weeks, and finishing II: 10–12 weeks). The quadratic responses were observed in the BW at six weeks (p < 0.05), ADG in the growing phase (0–6 weeks; p < 0.05), and ADFI in the finishing phase with a tendency (7–12 weeks; p = 0.06) as the inclusion level of CM increased. However, the BW at 12 weeks (linear, p < 0.05 and quadratic, p = 0.06), the overall ADG (0–12 weeks; linear and quadratic, p < 0.05), and the G:F ratio in the finishing (7–12 weeks; linear, p < 0.05) and overall (0–12 weeks; linear, p < 0.05) phases decreased with increasing levels of CM in the diets. The ATTD of crude protein (linear, p < 0.05), crude fiber (linear, p < 0.05), and ash (linear, p < 0.05) decreased linearly as the inclusion level of CM increased. The BUN concentrations increased linearly with increasing levels of CM in the diets at 12 weeks of the experiment (p < 0.05). As the inclusion level of CM increased, TBARS value at d 3 post-mortem (linear, p = 0.07) tended to increase, whereas initial loin pH at 1 h post-mortem decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) with no difference in ultimate loin pH at 24 h post-mortem. These results indicated that CM inclusion up to 12% in the growing-finishing pig diets with β-mannanase did not affect growth performance, nutrient utilization, and pork quality whereas 18% CM inclusion to the diets could negatively impact nutrient digestibility, BUN concentrations, and thereby growth performance.
Identification of Hepatitis E Virus in the Feces of Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes)
Authors: Lanszki Zsófia , Kurucz Kornélia , Zeghbib Safia , Kemenesi Gábor , Lanszki József , Jakab Ferenc
Published: October 2020

Orthohepeviruses (HEV) can infect a wide range of animals, showing a relatively strict host specificity; however, its zoonotic potential, natural transmission in the wildlife are less known. Several new HEV-like viruses have been identified in various animal species, including carnivores; however, the phylogenetic relationship among these viruses is poorly resolved, since some of them were known as rodent-related so far. The red fox, the most widespread carnivore worldwide, is a known reservoir of several viruses that transmit from wildlife to humans or domestic animals; they might have a defined role in the circulation of rodent-borne HEV. In this study, we performed a HEV survey by heminested RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription PCR) on red fox fecal samples to investigate the presence of HEV in red foxes living in natural conditions, and to explore the origin of the virus via phylogenetic analysis. Out of the 26 investigated samples, HEV RNA was identified in one sample. Following Sanger sequencing, the novel sequence displayed 91% identity on the nucleotide level with recently published European common vole-HEV derived from Microtus arvalis. In contrast, it shared 85% nucleotide similarity with HEV strains described previously in red foxes. Our results strongly support “the dietary-origin” of unclassified HEV-like strains described from predators that usually prey on rodents.
Diversity Analysis and Genetic Relationships among Local Brazilian Goat Breeds Using SSR Markers
Authors: Menezes Marcos Paulo Carrera , Martinez Amparo Martinez , Pimenta Filho Edgard Cavalcanti , Vega-Pla Jose Luis , Delgado Juan Vicente , Arandas Janaina Kelli Gomes , Rocha Laura Leandro da , Ribeiro Maria Norma
Published: October 2020

The genetic diversity of six Brazilian native goats was reported using molecular markers. Hair samples of 332 animals were collected from different goat breeds (Moxotó, Canindé, Serrana Azul, Marota, Repartida, and Graúna) from five states of Northeast Brazil (Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Bahia, and Piauí). A panel of 27 microsatellites or single sequence repeats (SSRs) were selected and amplified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. All populations showed an average allele number of over six. The mean observed heterozygosity for Brazilian breeds was superior to 0.50. These results demonstrated the high genetic diversity in the studied populations with values ranging from 0.53 (Serrana Azul) to 0.62 (Repartida). The expected average heterozygosity followed the same trend ranging from 0.58 (Serrana Azul) to 0.65 (Repartida), and the values obtained are very similar for all six breeds. The fixation index (Fis) had values under 10% except for the Moxotó breed (13%). The mean expected heterozygosity of all Brazilian populations was over 0.50. Results indicated a within-breed genetic variability in the Brazilian breeds based on the average number of alleles and the average observed heterozygosity. The interbreed genetic diversity values showed proper genetic differentiation among local Brazilian goat breeds.
Productive and Physiological Response of Male Rabbits to Dietary Supplementation with Thyme Essential Oil
Authors: Abdel-Wareth Ahmed A. A. , Metwally Abdallah E.
Published: October 2020

The present study aimed at assessing the efficiency of thyme essential oil (TEO) as an alternative to antibiotics for improving the productive performance and serum metabolic profile of male rabbits. A total of one hundred and fifty 70-day-old male Californian rabbits were assigned to five dietary treatments, including a basal diet as a negative control (NC), a basal diet supplemented with an antibiotic as a positive control (PC), and a basal diet supplemented with 60, 120, or 180 mg/kg of TEO. The experiment period lasted for 60 days. Supplementation of TEO levels significantly (P < 0.01) increased daily body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio of male Californian rabbits compared to NC and PC groups. Similarly, the TEO remarkably enhanced the semen characteristics of rabbits compared to NC and PC groups. Supplementation of TEO significantly decreased aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, urea, and creatinine compared with NC and PC groups. Supplementation with TEO increased serum testosterone concentration compared to NC and PC treatments. Our data demonstrate that TEO levels up to 180 mg/kg can play a major role as an alternative to dietary antibiotics, in improving the productive performance, semen quality, testosterone levels, and the kidney and liver functions in California male rabbits.
Bayesian Analysis of the Association between Casein Complex Haplotype Variants and Milk Yield, Composition, and Curve Shape Parameters in Murciano-Granadina Goats
Authors: Inostroza María Gabriela Pizarro , González Francisco Javier Navas , Landi Vincenzo , Jurado Jose Manuel León , Bermejo Juan Vicente Delgado , Fernández Álvarez Javier , Martínez Martínez María del Amparo
Published: October 2020

Considering casein haplotype variants rather than SNPs may maximize the understanding of heritable mechanisms and their implication on the expression of functional traits related to milk production. Effects of casein complex haplotypes on milk yield, milk composition, and curve shape parameters were used using a Bayesian inference for ANOVA. We identified 48 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in the casein complex of 159 unrelated individuals of diverse ancestry, which were organized into 86 haplotypes. The Ali and Schaeffer model was chosen as the best fitting model for milk yield (Kg), protein, fat, dry matter, and lactose (%), while parabolic yield-density was chosen as the best fitting model for somatic cells count (SCC × 103 sc/mL). Peak and persistence for all traits were computed respectively. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for milk yield and components. However, no significant difference was found for any curve shape parameter except for protein percentage peak. Those haplotypes for which higher milk yields were reported were the ones that had higher percentages for protein, fat, dry matter, and lactose, while the opposite trend was described by somatic cells counts. Conclusively, casein complex haplotypes can be considered in selection strategies for economically important traits in dairy goats.