bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutual Muses in American Independent Film: Catherine Keener and Nicole Holofcener, Michelle Williams and Kelly Reichardt
Authors: Holmlund Chris
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores mutual inspiration and collaboration between female directors and actresses, singling out Nicole Holofcener and Catherine Keener and Kelly Reichardt and Michelle Williams. Holmlund applies the feminist ethics of Luce Irigaray’s later work to propose that the films of Holofcener/Keener and Reichardt/Williams concern relationships that acknowledge difference. Leaving an interval between partners that eliminates the objectification of the other rather than assuming positions of dominance and submission, their films, and their working partnerships as well, value an Irigarayan ‘difference for’ others, if in different ways, with Holofcener/Keener performing the subtle minutia of everyday encounters and Reichardt/Williams exploring relationships across class, race, species and the biosphere.
The Director as Facilitator: Collaboration, Cooperation and the Gender Politics of the Set
Authors: Alberti John
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that women’s collaborative methods should be understood as deliberate political interventions into production practices that privilege the white male director. Drawing extensively on his interviews with filmmaker Lynn Shelton, Alberti focuses on the workplace practices of a director who functions more as a facilitator and curator for films that are often improvised collectively. The chapter features an analysis of Shelton’s mumblecore dramedy Humpday (2008) as a deconstruction of the indie bromance and a film about men making a (porn) film, one that places the auteurist director in an ironic perspective.
Preston Sturges and Screwball Comedy
Authors: Grindon Leger
Published: May 2017

This chapter reviews key elements in the screwball cycle (1934-1942) of Hollywood romantic comedy, positioning The Lady Eve (1941) and The Palm Beach Story (1942) as late examples of screwball. The essay argues for a dark current of vengeance in The Lady Eve and emphasizes cartoon sexuality in The Palm Beach Story. Finally the essay notes the influence of Sturges on contemporary romantic comedy cinema.
To Write and Not Direct
Authors: Kozloff Sarah
Published: May 2017

This chapter compares three Sturges-authored films, The Good Fairy (Wyler, 1935), Easy Living (Leisen, 1937) and Remember the Night (Leisen, 1940), against Sturges’s scripts. Sturges, who started in Hollywood as a script doctor and scriptwriter, complained bitterly about how other directors treated his screenplays. Yet this chapter argues that adaptations made by the directors and the studios generally improved upon his original vision, sometimes by heightening the comedy, but mostly by intensifying viewer connection to characters and emphasizing the romance. Sometimes the studio system, which kept auteurism in check, worked to a film’s advantage.
The Unheard Song of Joy
Authors: Jaeckle Jeff
Published: May 2017

This chapter illustrates some of the untapped riches of Preston Sturges’s unproduced screenplay for the musical Song of Joy, both in terms of its pivotal timing in his filmmaking career and its unappreciated achievements in screenwriting. When compared with Sturges’s other written-and-directed films, Song of Joy often shows less restraint and more exuberance in testing the boundaries of the Hollywood studio system, especially in terms of plotting, meta-cinema, and dialogue. Tracing these extremes clarifies why the script was so disliked and why so many studios rejected it. These analyses also illustrate the intensity of Sturges’s creative ambitions at this point in his career—that period between his roles as playwright and writer-director when he took an even more over-the-top approach to screenwriting.
The Eye of the Storm: Preston Sturges and Performance
Authors: Carson Diane
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyses performance in The Lady Eve and The Palm Beach Story with comparisons and contrasts to several other Sturges comedies. It examines performative choices by Barbara Stanwyck, Henry Fonda, and Charles Coburn in The Lady Eve and acting choices by Claudette Colbert, Joel McCrea, Mary Astor, and Rudy Vallee in The Palm Beach Story. Using Laban methodology, it describes the affective qualities of expressions, gestures, and voices as well as the impact of costuming. Consideration is given to Sturges’s cinematic presentation of actors’ movements and physical attributes with particular attention to how differences in gesture and expression shape audiences’ perception of characters. The essay also considers characteristics of screwball comedies and gender representation within them.
Thrust with a Rapier and Run: The Critics and Preston Sturges
Authors: Poe G. Tom
Published: May 2017

This chapter addresses two major questions in regard to the critical reception of the career and films of Preston Sturges. The first question is how Sturges’s public persona as a “madcap” personality working in the Hollywood studio system created a master narrative that both informed and influenced the critical reception of his films and thus proved to be a precursor to what would come to be identified as “auteur” criticism. This leads to a second question: how did the theme of public spectacle in both Sturges’s personal/professional life and in his films that take a satirical and/or cynical view of public figures, influence critical debates in regard to the director as “auteur,” as well as inciting theoretical debates regarding the final purpose and/or ideological effect of his comedies as satire and/or irony reflecting cynicism and/or nihilism? Finally, the chapter explores how a study of the ambivalence that marks the history of critical writing on both Sturges’s life and his films provides an insight into the cultural practice of film criticism itself. To that end, the chapter gives particular attention to the critical debates provoked by three films, The Great McGinty, Sullivan’s Travels, and Hail the Conquering Hero.
Hail the Conquering Auteur Preston Sturges in La Revue du cinéma (1946–1949)
Authors: Viviani Christian
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the appeal of Preston Sturges’s movies among post-WWII French film critics. Focusing on La Revue du cinema (founded in 1946), it tries to understand why, after being hailed in France as one of the major filmmakers emerging in Hollywood in the 1940’s, Preston Sturges was nevertheless overlooked by the “auteur theory,” which was soon to bloom in Cahiers du cinema (founded in 1951). This chapter also deals with the appreciation of Preston Sturges’s works by André Bazin, a towering figure in post-war French film criticism, and in publications like Cahiers du cinema and Positif, including the recent rediscovery of his films.
O Preston, Where Art Thou?
Authors: Kozloff Sarah
Published: May 2017

Compared to other directors of Classical Hollywood films, Sturges has faded from view. This chapter illustrates his continued influence on contemporary cinema’s general penchant toward wordplay, verbosity, irony, and postmodern pastiche. Joel and Ethan Coen and Wes Anderson acknowledge their debt to Sturges. This chapter also argues that a contemporary French romantic comedy, Heartbreaker (Chaumeil, 2010), comes closest to capturing Sturges’s wild blend of impersonation, witty dialogue, and genuine heartbreak.
Introduction: An Agile Mind—The Many Stands of Preston Sturges
Authors: Jaeckle Jeff
Published: May 2017

This chapter challenges the reining views of Sturges as an ambivalent figure torn between art and commerce, especially as promulgated in popular writings by James Agee; instead, the chapter proposes new descriptive clusters or patterns that cut across every aspect of the filmmaker’s life: creator, businessman, wordsmith, skeptic, and optimist. These terms provide a good sense of the personality, vitality, and talents that made Sturges such a compelling figure, with the first three speaking to his aptitudes and endeavours, and the latter two characterizing his attitudes and worldview. Rather than set these terms in opposition, the chapter puts them in conversation to illustrate the complexities of Sturges’s remarkable life and to shed light on why he was, and continues to be, such a pivotal figure in Hollywood cinema and American culture.
Some Transcendentals
Authors: Llewelyn John
Published: May 2017

Being, the topic of metaphysics, is the melting pot in which it and other so-called transcendentals, for example the good, truth and unity are ingredients in one another. But unity or oneness can be taken either numerically or less than numerically. Without this possibility Scotus cannot appeal to the notion of common nature as distinguished from universality and to the idea of a contraction of nature toward the non-numerical singularity in terms of which he defines distinctio formalis following the hint Avicenna gives when he says ‘horseness is horseness’. More than a hint toward phenomenological ontology is given by Scotus himself in so far as he recognises that the sphere of logic is the sphere of intentionality and that intentionality is intrinsic to the work of the categories and transcendentals in signifying judgement. So what is analogical in the field of reality is univocal in the ‘reduced’ field of logic. It remains to be seen whether this emphasis on intentionality conceals the need to be more attentive to attentionality.
Peirce’s Post-Kantian Categories
Authors: Llewelyn John
Published: May 2017

In Peirce’s terminology to be actualised means to exist. Existence falls within the category of Secondness which is intermediate between the purely qualitative presence of Firstness and the lawfulness of Thirdness in the triad of categories of being based on Kant’s list which he substitutes for the traditional Aristotelian and Scholastic decad. This substitution tallies with Scholasticism in that the argument by some Schoolmen for the reality of universals is succeeded by Peirce’s argument for the metaphysical reality of power and law. Passing from Peirce’s theory of categories to his theory of signs, a passage that is analogous to ones made by Scotus, in Heidegger’s treatise on Scotus, and in Locke’s Essay, we come upon the difficulty of reconciling Peirce’s assertion that the interpretant of a sign can be in turn a sign, and so on ad infinitum with his assertion that it is possible to reach the ‘entire general intended interpretant’, ‘the very meaning’. Steps toward a dissolution of this problem are made by recognising the huge part played in Peirce’s theory by the would-be and the if-then of counterfactual conditionality, and by heeding the fact that the meaning is not the finite or infinite series, but a habit or practice conveyed by the series, hence not the sort of thing of which it makes sense to ask whether it is finite or infinite. What in opposition to nominalism Peirce calls his Scholastic realism and his pragmaticism are foreshadowed in the emphasis put on willing and doing by Scotus and Hopkins in their analyses of being.
Conflicting Masculinities? Men in Reserved Occupations in Wartime Glasgow and Clydeside and their Masculine Subjectivities
Authors: Chand Alison
Published: May 2017

This chapter specifically considers the impact of being in reserved occupations during the Second World War on masculine subjectivity, exploring questions such as whether men felt emasculated as a consequence of their civilian employment, whether they associated masculinity with proximity to the war effort and whether alternative masculinities, not linked to the war effort, were relevant to men in civilian employment. The chapter also considers the relationship between the temporary changes in men’s lives in wartime with the continuity of their careers, as well as links between age, skills and manliness.
The chapter concludes that oral testimonies reveal a spectrum of ways in which masculinity was asserted by male civilian workers in wartime Clydeside. The chapter argues, however, that continuity and the contingencies of everyday life were more dominant features of the masculine subjectivities of male civilian workers on the Clyde than the temporary, albeit significant and influential, discourses of wartime. The notion that war did not represent a watershed for men working in reserved occupations emerges most clearly from their oral testimonies. While such men were demonstrably affected by multiple discourses, found in cultural and official sources and evident in the attitudes of other civilian men and women, these discourses shaped ‘imagined’, although not fabricated, subjectivities. The ‘lived’ subjectivities of male civilian workers on the wartime Clyde, while existing in a fluid alliance with such ‘imagined’ subjectivities, were arguably rooted in everyday life and the people surrounding them on a day-to-day basis.
Conclusions
Authors: Chand Alison
Published: May 2017

This final chapter concludes by examining the extent to which wartime represented a period of change in the lives of reserved men in Glasgow and Clydeside and the extent to which the period represented continuity. The chapter highlights the need to look further at the post-war lives of reserved men and women to explore these ideas of continuity and change in greater detail.
Radical Calendars: The Commune Rising in Postbellum Internationalism
Authors: Coghlan J. Michelle
Published: May 2017

This chapter uncovers the spectacular afterlife of the Commune as the cornerstone of radical internationalism as a lived practice in the postbellum moment. Tracing the ways annual festivals and celebrations of the Commune, complete with oratory, tableaux-vivants, and dancing, united an array of American radicals, I show how these performances of memory drew on the audacious internationalism of the Commune uprising to create both a counter-calendar and a counter-memory of the Commune’s failure. Reading Lucy Parsons, Voltairine de Cleyre and Emma Goldman’s writings on the Commune alongside and against both this cycle of leftist remembrance and the cycle of anxious reprinting these festivals received in mainstream U.S. newspapers makes, I argue, the remarkably vibrant and radically internationalist cultures of leftist memory in the long nineteenth century at once more visible and more audible, allowing us to hear beyond the limits of print as an archive of radical memory and lived feeling.
Metre and Temporality: Between Hegel and Benjamin
Authors: Thain Marion
Published: May 2017

Chapter 2 is the first of three chapters that make up ‘Part I’ of the book. This part focuses on issues of lyric temporality. As the first chapter in this part, Chapter 2 builds a conceptual and theoretical basis that will underpin the poetic case studies offered in the subsequent two chapters. It situates aestheticist lyric poetry, historically and conceptually, between Hegelian and Benjaminian ideas of lyric temporality; and argues for the need to read aestheticist poetry’s metrical structures as responsive to this frame. Drawing on a wide range of writings on poetic meter (from Romantic to modernist and beyond), it offers a new understanding of the significance of the strict verse forms revived in the 1870s and popular with aestheticist poets over the rest of the nineteenth century. Ultimately arguing that the revival of medieval verse forms in Parnassian poetry becomes (in certain ways) a response to the pressures of modernity, this chapter offers a new way of understanding the operation of those forms.
A. C. Swinburne in the Round: Drama, Personae and Lyric Subjectivity
Authors: Thain Marion
Published: May 2017

The first case study of this part of the book teases out of Swinburne’s metrical masochism a perversely chaste account of lyric community, in which poetic form works to imagine a chorus of voices. Starting with poem ‘Anactoria’, one of the best known poems of Poems and Ballads (1866), the chapter analyses the questions of genre and poetic community posed in Swinburne’s early work. Reading on through his oeuvre this impulse might find a natural outlet within Swinburne’s politically-engaged work of the 1870s, but what about the more Parnassian ‘A Century of Roundels’ (1883)? Close reference to this volume, enables the chapter to demonstrate models of lyric collectivity in poems that are far from any ’dramatic monologue’ model—and ultimately provides the tools to offer a fresh engagement with ‘Anactoria’. Comparison with the poems of Oscar Wilde helps focus the issues of poetic subjectivity and connect with Wilde’s infamous d commentary on Swinburne’s poetic subjectivity.
Ezra Pound’s Troubadour Subject: Community, Form and ‘Lyric’ in Early Modernism
Authors: Thain Marion
Published: May 2017

This final case study also acts as a historical ‘coda’ to the trajectory of aestheticist lyric traced within this book. It connects it with the twentieth century and with the better known story of lyric within high modernism. Starting with Pound’s intense historical engagement with lyric in the earliest part of his career, and with his troubadour poem ‘Cino’, the chapter opens with an analysis of the significance of community through refrain. It then moves on to trace the substantial influence of aestheticist poets on this early work, and offers an original account of the significance of Ernest Dowson and the Rhymers’ Club for Pound’s work. The chapter ends with an account of modernism’s troubled relationship with the conceptualisation of lyric inherited from the nineteenth century.
Trials
Authors: Polat Necati
Published: May 2017

This chapter is on the extensive legal probes and subsequent trials from 2007 in response to alleged attempts towards a military takeover in Turkey, coupled with claims of a ‘deep state’ in the midst of diverse anti-government conspiracies. Uniquely instrumental in silencing the opposition, formal or popular, in resistance to the recasting of power in process, the trials would come to be described by none other than the government itself from the end of 2013 as nothing but mere show trials, with mostly trumped up charges. Now in an escalating war of attrition with the Gulenist cult—the staunchest allies until shortly before—the government would blame the blatant miscarriages of justice against the members of the military and opposition figures solely on the Gulenist police and judiciary. The chapter chronicles the cases, looking into the way they were handled, with some twists to follow, ultimately almost fully to be aborted.
Interior Matters: Secrecy and Hunger in Katherine Mansfield’s ‘Bliss’
Authors: Dickson Polly
Published: May 2017

This article offers a reading of Katherine Mansfield’s short story ‘Bliss’ alongside Maud Ellman’s psychoanalytical readings of hunger and Sara Ahmed’s ‘queer phenomenology’. It suggests that in ‘Bliss’, the main character Bertha, imprisoned in her domestic setting, yearns for an alternative or ‘queer’ mode of existence. This desire is articulated at one of Bertha’s dinner parties in the figure of the guest Pearl, but in the very moment in which it seems to be fulfilled, it is again stifled by the re-iteration of prescribed domestic practices. Such hunger is described, then, in the very terms by which is satisfaction is denied: after her dinner party, Bertha is left only hungrier.
‘The Thing Needed’: Katherine Mansfield, Psychology and Relationships
Authors: Martin Todd
Published: May 2017

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
Phylogeography and genetic structure of endemic Acmispon argophyllus and A. dendroideus (Fabaceae) across the California Channel Islands
Authors: Wallace Lisa E. , Wheeler Gregory L. , McGlaughlin Mitchell E. , Bresowar Gerald , Helenurm Kaius
Published: May 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Taxa inhabiting the California Channel Islands exhibit variation in their degree of isolation, but few studies have considered patterns across the entire archipelago. We studied phylogeography of insular Acmispon argophyllus and A. dendroideus to determine whether infraspecific taxa are genetically divergent and to elucidate patterns of diversification across these islands.

METHODS:

DNA sequences were collected from nuclear (ADH) and plastid genomes (rpL16, ndhA, psbD‐trnT) from >450 samples on the Channel Islands and California. We estimated population genetic diversity and structure, phylogenetic patterns among populations, and migration rates, and tested for population growth.

KEY RESULTS:

Populations of northern island A. argophyllus var. niveus are genetically distinct from conspecific populations on southern islands. On the southern islands, A. argophyllus var. argenteus populations on Santa Catalina are phylogenetically distinct from populations of var. argenteus and var. adsurgens on the other southern islands. For A. dendroideus, we found the varieties to be monophyletic. Populations of A. dendroideus var. traskiae on San Clemente are genetically differentiated from other conspecific populations, whereas populations on the northern islands and Santa Catalina show varying degrees of gene flow. Evidence of population growth was found in both species.

CONCLUSIONS:

Oceanic barriers between islands have had a strong influence on population genetic structure in both Acmispon species, although the species have differing phylogeographic patterns. This study provides a contrasting pattern of dispersal on a near island system that does not follow a strict stepping‐stone model, commonly found on isolated island systems.
Anisotomous dichotomy results from an unequal bifurcation of the original shoot apical meristem in Diphasiastrum digitatum (Lycopodiaceae)
Authors: Yin Xiaofeng , Meicenheimer Roger D.
Published: May 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Two types of dichotomy are recognized in Lycopodiaceae: isotomous (equal) and anisotomous (unequal). Anisotomous dichotomy (anisotomy) has been hypothesized to result from unequal growth of an equal bifurcation of the original shoot apical meristem (SAM). Diphasiastrum digitatum (Lycopodiaceae) exhibits anisotomy at various locations. We thus used D. digitatum to test this classic hypothesis about anisotomy.

METHODS:

Transverse areas of original and derived SAMs of anisotomy exhibited by the rhizome and the vertical aerial vegetative stem were measured using scanning electron microscopy. The difference between half of the original SAM and one derived SAM in terms of transverse area were compared using paired t‐tests.

KEY RESULTS:

During the anisotomy exhibited by the rhizome SAM, 77.4% of the transverse area of the original rhizome SAM contributed to the derived rhizome SAM. During the first anisotomy exhibited by the vertical aerial vegetative stem SAM, 66.2% of the transverse area of the original vertical aerial vegetative stem SAM contributed to the derived vertical aerial vegetative stem SAM. During the second anisotomy exhibited by the vertical aerial vegetative stem SAM, 49.4% of the transverse area of the original vertical aerial vegetative stem SAM contributed to the derived vertical aerial vegetative stem SAM. Nonetheless, the shape of the two derived SAMs differed though they did not differ in size.

CONCLUSIONS:

In D. digitatum, anisotomy results from an unequal bifurcation of the original SAM. This finding sheds light on plant body architecture evolution as well as plant organ (megaphyllous leaf) evolution.
INSOLVENCY OF BRAZILIAN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTORS: A DEA BOOTSTRAP APPROACH
Authors: SCALZER Rodrigo Simonassi , RODRIGUES Adriano , MACEDO Marcelo Álvaro da Silva , WANKE Peter
Published: May 2017

This study investigates the financial and operational indicators that explain the insolvency of Brazilian electricity distributors, using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) bootstrap approach. The Wagner and Shimshak (2007) stepwise procedure was used to select the variables that had the greatest impact on average efficiency estimated by DEA in the construction of an inefficient frontier. Through a second stage analysis, the Simar and Wilson (2007) bootstrapped truncated regression analyzed contextual variables associated with inefficiency, and consequently with firm insolvency. The sample was composed of electricity distributors, whose financial information for the 2000–2015 period was available on the Brazilian Securities Exchange (CVM) website. The results indicated that the Actual Equivalent Frequency of Power Interruptions/Regulatory Equivalent Frequency of Power Interruptions and Overall Indebtedness were the most important indicators in explaining insolvency. The second-stage analysis showed that the inefficiencies calculated using the selected indicators are positively related to insolvency criteria used by the literature, state control, dollar and geographical location, and negatively related to the domestic inflation index. The results provide valuable information for the Brazilian electricity sector’s regulatory body, which recently began to hold public hearings prior to setting up procedures for monitoring financial sustainability using financial and operational indicators.
Peurs collectives et terrorisme
Authors: Tapia Claude
Published: May 2017

La presse et diverses revues de sciences humaines ou sociales ont abordé depuis quelques années le thème du terrorisme, mais sans lui associer celui des peurs collectives, ce que nous tentons de faire ici. Après avoir passé en revue un échantillon d’articles de presse relatant et analysant depuis quelques années des agressions terroristes frappant notre pays et en avoir dégagé les orientations idéologiques manifestes ou implicites concernant le djhadisme, nous avons recherché à travers la littérature psychanalytique, sociologique et psychosociologique les thèses, les théories, les analyses susceptibles d’aider à comprendre et à éclairer le phénomène, ainsi que son impact sur les populations visées. Les approches et théories proposées par la psychologie sociale des religions, sans concerner directement les agressions terroristes, apportent une contribution notable à la compréhension des tendances (pathologiques) à la cruauté, à la violence et à la conversion à un idéal islamiste dévoyé, au sein de minorités sociales ou ethniques restées en marge des circuits de production et de consommation économique et culturelle. Nous proposons dans la dernière partie de l’article des hypothèses quant aux effets du terrorisme et quant aux fonctions psychologiques et psychosociologiques que celui-ci assure involontairement.
Le fanatique et la mort
Authors: Chouvier Bernard
Published: May 2017

Le fanatisme se décline sous des allures et des formes diverses à travers l’histoire. On peut distinguer plusieurs types de fanatiques dont l’inspiré, le possédé et l’initié. Dans tous les cas de figure, la finalité ultime du fanatique est la mort, aussi bien celle des ennemis que la sienne propre. La recherche active du martyre correspond à l’expansion narcissique finale de son groupe d’appartenance. Plus la mort est spectaculaire, plus la cause idéologique pour laquelle il se bat est magnifiée. La pratique du kamikaze, au sommet de cette hiérarchie sectaire est utilisée dans le but de terroriser les adversaires idéologiques. Et en se faisant exploser, le terroriste met en œuvre une véritable auto-apocalypse.
La « radicalisation » : une pensée à partir d’un cas clinique
Authors: Jaccard Annabelle
Published: May 2017

La radicalisation islamiste, qui est une articulation du religieux avec la politique et l’histoire, est un phénomène du registre collectif qui résonne au niveau individuel. On peut le voir du point de vue psychanalytique comme un symptôme. Nous devons « attraper » cela par nos moyens de l’analyse, par une écoute singulière de la personne. Ce que les djihadistes nous révèlent, c’est qu’un individu fait face au problème d’en devenir un aujourd’hui. Pour penser à la subjectivité avec laquelle nous travaillons, nous avons mené une recherche en maison d’arrêt à partir d’entretiens d’inspiration psychanalytique, avec des détenus pour association de malfaiteurs en relation avec une entreprise terroriste. L’objectif de la recherche a été de comprendre les enjeux subjectifs de la radicalisation islamique aujourd’hui. Il s’agira ici de penser à partir d’un cas clinique exposé, les processus qui ont amené une personne vers son acte singulier pris dans un phénomène collectif, culturel et historique. La recherche d’un idéal et des limites, sont parmi les enjeux clés qui ont pu amener un jeune à partir en Syrie et de risquer sa vie.
Érostrate et Alexandre : les avatars de la pulsion de mort
Authors: Allali Sébastien
Published: May 2017

L’hypothèse freudienne de la pulsion de mort expliquerait la constance, dans l’histoire humaine, des conflits et des guerres. Elle considère comme naïve l’idée d’une paix universelle qui repose sur une anthropologie rousseauiste candide qui fait fi de la nature humaine et de la contribution de la pulsion de mort à la vie elle-même. Les figures diamétralement opposées d’Érostrate, le premier terroriste de l’histoire, et d’Alexandre le Grand, illustrent les formes diverses que peut prendre cette pulsion et la façon dont la destructivité humaine peut être aussi bien condamnée moralement que sublimée ou valorisée. L’hypothèse n’en reste pas moins dérangeante et elle dut faire face aux résistances de Freud lui-même, qui n’y parvint qu’à la fin de ses recherches cliniques et théoriques. Elle provoqua la rupture de Freud avec certains de ses disciples, notamment Otto Gross et Wilhelm Reich, devenus les pères du « freudo-marxisme ». Cet article repose sur une minutieuse lecture des écrits de ces derniers et de leur correspondance avec Freud, qui nous a permis de clarifier le nœud de la divergence doctrinale entre l’orthodoxie freudienne et le freudo-marxisme : la pulsion de mort.
L’apport de la théorie de la violence fondamentale et du groupal dans une cure individuelle
Authors: Vivier-Vacheret Claudine
Published: May 2017

Dans ce texte, je tente d’articuler les apports de la théorie de la violence fondamentale élaborée par Jean Bergeret avec la théorie psychanalytique de groupe à partir de la conception du complexe fraternel chez René Kaës. Tout semble éloigner ces deux approches qui, pourtant, sont bien utiles ensemble, pour comprendre l’emboîtement de deux niveaux de conflits bien différents : le niveau œdipien et le niveau de conflit primitif archaïque violent. Ces deux niveaux permettent de ne pas confondre ce qui se joue de l’ordre de la rivalité et ce qui relève d’un mouvement primitif violent qui n’est que de la légitime défense psychique. Ceci évite bien des risques de proposer une interprétation qui ne serait pas du juste niveau de conflit et passerait à côté des vrais enjeux d’un travail long et difficile de cure individuelle. Penser groupalement le sujet et son complexe fraternel et penser le violent dans cette cure m’ont été deux approches théoriques bien utiles pour faire le chemin qui restait à élaborer. Il fallait éviter d’interpréter le conflit œdipien alors que les enjeux étaient narcissiques primitifs et violents mais sans aucune libido ni jouissance, une violence vitale, seulement pour se sentir exister.
Le paradoxe du conflit
Authors: Tiscini Giorgia
Published: May 2017

Le pari de cet article est de considérer le conflit dans son non-lien avec le passage à l’acte. De ce non-lien émerge notre hypothèse du paradoxe du conflit, qui amène à explorer d’une façon nouvelle l’intersection entre le social et le subjectif. Rompant la continuité du conflit, le passage à l’acte est une discontinuité, une rupture : dans l’acte, le conflit n’est plus. Ce repère est particulièrement important pour penser la clinique en milieu carcéral. Notre démonstration repose, d’une part, sur le « dualisme » freudien (pulsion de vie-pulsion de mort) et, d’autre part, sur le « ternaire » lacanien rsi (Réel-Symbolique-Imaginaire). Le dualisme freudien montre l’importance du conflit au niveau de l’inconscient, le ternaire lacanien permet d’analyser le passage à l’acte, que nous chercherons à élucider à travers trois vignettes cliniques. Ainsi, l’institution-prison, notre terrain d’étude, nous a amenés à cette hypothèse paradoxale que le passage à l’acte résulte de l’ absence de conflit, au niveau de l’inconscient.
Éléments pour une compréhension psychanalytique de l’échange généralisé du dommage
Authors: Duez Bernard
Published: May 2017

À partir du travail psychanalytique avec des sujets antisociaux, l’auteur montre comment, le transfert topique construit les instances psychiques en interface entre le sujet et son environnement familial, sociétal, et culturel. En étudiant la forme de lien des sujets état-limite, l’auteur montre comment le recours à un surmoi archaïque comme interface entre soi et l’autre est la signature d’une déqualification des référents parentaux et/ou tutélaires et/ou culturels. Ces sujets instaurent alors une économie d’échange du dommage qui conduit à la vengeance généralisée sauf si peuvent s’instaurer une nouvelle potentialité et une transitionnalité renouvelée.
Penser avant le passage à l’acte ?
Authors: Lauru Didier
Published: May 2017

Le passage du sujet par l’adolescence comporte un certain nombre de risques, dans sa tentative de trouver des identifications qui l’amènent vers l’âge adulte et lui offrent un repère stable dans le symbolique. Les extrêmes de la haine conduisent certains à rejoindre des idéaux de mort et de destruction. En amont de cet engagement, il est licite de se poser la question de la prévention de ce type de dérives auprès de jeunes adultes qui sont pris dans des passages à l’acte comme seul mode d’expression de leur malaise subjectif.
Ranimer l’espoir. L’intervention psycho-éducative de Maestri di Strada
Authors: De Rosa Barbara , Parrello Santa , Sommantico Massimiliano
Published: May 2017

Maestri di Strada est un organisme à but non lucratif engagé dans la recherche et l’expérimentation de méthodes psycho-éducatives qui peuvent soutenir la croissance des jeunes et des enfants dans les contextes scolaires défavorisés de Naples. La lutte contre le décrochage scolaire, le souci de re-motivation et la capacité de fournir des modèles relationnels good enough sont des aspects pertinents de l’opposition à la marginalisation socio-culturelle qui, sur notre territoire, est directement proportionnelle à l’attraction exercée par la criminalité organisée. La méthodologie utilisée, basée sur la psychanalyse et la psychologie culturelle, met l’accent sur la formation continue des intervenants et la construction d’espaces de réflexion systématiques, par l’utilisation de l’observation et de la narration dans les groupes multivision inspirés des groupes Balint. On présente ici une intervention qui a eu lieu dans une école primaire, faisant partie du projet E-vai engagé depuis plusieurs années dans la région.
Pulsion ( drive out )
Authors: Bruno Pierre
Published: May 2017

Ce texte propose une thèse sur l’articulation de la pulsion et du fantasme. Le montage de la pulsion et la formation du fantasme impliquent l’habitat langagier. Ce n’est qu'au troisième temps de la pulsion qu’un sujet apparaît, dans le processus de l’aliénation, mais pour aussitôt disparaître. La surimpression de l’aliénation sur le montage de la pulsion est la clé de l’assujettissement par le fantasme et reste commandée, dans toutes les modalités de la séparation, par le désir du père et non par sa jouissance.
Destins et filiation
Authors: Joye-Bruno Catherine
Published: May 2017

Cet article interroge la fonction de l’objet voix dans la nomination et « la fonction réelle du père dans la génération » (Jacques Lacan), pour distinguer le père du nom du père du désir. L’auteure s’appuie sur le film Taxidermie , organisé en triptyque par le cinéaste hongrois György Pálfi. Il y raconte la destinée des hommes d’une même famille, sur trois générations, à un instant « t » de leur vie, dans une petite ville de Hongrie au xx e siècle, destinées liées aux figures de la pulsion mises en scène : orale, anale, scopique et invocante.
Comment enseigner ce que la psychanalyse nous enseigne ?
Authors: Izaguirre María Antonieta , Morin Isabelle
Published: May 2017

L’auteur interroge la façon dont s’opère la transmission de la psychanalyse à travers la passe ou les grands cas cliniques. Si Freud a produit une nouvelle forme narrative après les transformations culturelles liées à la Première Guerre mondiale, Lacan a imposé un style propice à la transmission. Ce qui se transmet d’un cas est le témoignage du reste réel de l’expérience.
D’un savoir qui ne se saisit pas ?
Authors: dos Mares Guia-Menéndez Elisa
Published: May 2017

Dans le champ de la psychanalyse, le féminin ne se réduit pas au savoir sur la femme, chercher à le définir correspondrait à contredire ce qu’il a de plus particulier, sa capacité à se réinventer à chaque fois. Or, la recherche de la vérité doit aussi laisser la place à l’énigme. Le mouvement de Freud ainsi que l’enseignement de Lacan nous apprennent beaucoup à ce sujet et nous servent aussi comme une sorte de boussole pour penser ce point si particulier qu’est le savoir dans la psychanalyse.
La différence dans le sexe ou le « sans alibi »
Authors: Mendelsohn Sophie
Published: May 2017

La différence des sexes est une pierre d’angle de la condition symbolique telle que l’envisage la psychanalyse, et l’enjeu d’une querelle intense dans la culture, où elle fait régulièrement l’objet de démentis stratégiques. Elle se présente plutôt ici comme un alibi qui permet au sujet de l’inconscient de continuer à ignorer une autre différence, à la cruauté mordante, celle qui traverse le sexe lui-même.
La catégorie du semblant et l’acte analytique
Authors: Sakellariou Dimitris
Published: May 2017

Une psychanalyse consiste pour un sujet à réinventer des modalités lui permettant de loger son être de jouissance dans un lien social nouveau, lui rendant possible d’habiter le monde. Or le réel de la jouissance ne s’attrape que par le semblant phallique, bien insuffisant à dire la différence et à rendre possible le rapport sexuel qui ne peut s’écrire, et à quoi supplée le symptôme. Reste l’objet a que l’analyste doit élever à la dignité du semblant d’être dans le transfert. Il n’y parvient que dans la mesure où il arrive par l’effet de son acte à accoucher de cet objet en en faisant sa marque de fabrique.
La répétition chez Freud (2 e partie)
Authors: Adler Karin
Published: May 2017

Ce texte est la suite de celui intitulé « La répétition chez Freud ». Il traite de la conceptualisation freudienne du masochisme premier et de sa nouvelle appréciation du principe de nirvana à la suite de l’introduction du concept de la pulsion de mort déduit de sa découverte de la compulsion de répétition. Premièrement, celle-ci est précisée dans sa fonction de défense de l’inconscient qui ne provient pas du moi. Deuxièmement, Freud lui attribue d’une part le processus de fixation pulsionnelle au refoulement et d’autre part la conservation de la situation d’un danger qui n’est plus actuel.
De la grammaire analytique (Wittgenstein et Lacan)
Authors: Duportail Guy-Félix
Published: May 2017

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que la critique de l’idée de métalangage n’est pas le seul point commun entre Wittgenstein et Lacan. La notion de grammaire – au sens du second Wittgenstein – constitue également un point décisif dans la relation conceptuelle qui unit Lacan à Wittgenstein. La grammaire mathématique des propositions empiriques, telle qu’elle est exposée dans Remarques sur les fondements des mathématiques , éclaire le statut des mathèmes en psychanalyse. Ces derniers sont alors considérés comme des règles de grammaire qui conditionnent ce que l’on peut dire avec sens de la clinique. Enfin, l’approche grammaticale permet de comprendre pourquoi les propositions analytiques ne parlent pas de l’Être, mais de l’Un, entendu comme noyau élémentaire de la réalité psychique.
Anamorphose. M’as-tu vu ? Faire parler les murs
Authors: Rigal Élisabeth
Published: May 2017

La découverte de la grotte Chauvet (Gard) a provoqué une révolution dans la conception de l’Homo sapiens et dans celle de l'apparition de l'art. Il s'agira d’interroger les représentations à l’œuvre qui dépassent la figuration. La façon dont l’objet regard est visé introduit-elle le rapport entre les sexes ?
Synchronous Telecollaboration for Novice Language Learners: Effects on Speaking Skills and Language Learning Interests
Authors: Schenker Theresa
Published: May 2017

Telecollaboration brings together learners in different parts of the world for collaborative language learning and cultural exchange. Defined by Belz as the "application of global communication networks in foreign language education" (2002: 61), telecollaboration holds a plethora of benefits for language learners. Mostly utilized in intermediate and advanced language classes, this article argues for the incorporation of telecollaboration at all language levels. Even novice learners can benefit in different ways from the direct exchange with native speakers of the target language. This article summarizes one example of telecollaboration aimed at exploring the effects of participation in a semester-long synchronous virtual exchange on the speaking proficiency of L2 learners of German, as well as their interest in the study of German and potential study abroad. A telecollaborative project was conducted between novice learners of German at a college in the US and advanced learners of English at a high school in Germany. Students formed tandem partnerships and completed voice-chats and text-chats in alternation each week. The results showed that students' speaking proficiency was not stronger than that of the control group after the exchange, but that their interest in learning German and studying abroad had increased.
A Meta-Heuristic Model for Data Classification Using Target Optimization
Authors: Barik Rabindra K. , Priyadarshini Rojalina , Dash Nilamadhab
Published: May 2017

The paper contains an extensive experimental study which focuses on a major idea on Target Optimization (TO) prior to the training process of artificial machines. Generally, during training process of an artificial machine, output is computed from two important parameters i.e. input and target. In general practice input is taken from the training data and target is randomly chosen, which may not be relevant to the corresponding training data. Hence, the overall training of the neural network becomes inefficient. The present study tries to put forward TO as an efficient methodology which may be helpful in addressing the said problem. The proposed work tries to implement the concept of TO and compares the outcomes with the conventional classifiers. In this regard, different benchmark data sets are used to compare the effect of TO on data classification by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) optimization techniques.
Modulus of Elasticity in Tension for Concrete and Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Tipka Martin , Vaskova Jitka
Published: May 2017

The paper deals with the determination of the modulus of elasticity in tension for cementitious composites and comparing these values with the values of modulus in compression. It describes several methods, which are usually used for determination of modulus of elasticity of concrete and fibre reinforced concrete. In the experimental program modulus of elasticity in compression and tension of various types of concrete and fibre reinforced concrete were compared. The classic test with prismatic specimens was used for determination of the modulus in compression; a new arrangement of uniaxial tension test of cementitious composites was used for determination of the modulus of elasticity in tension.
Aeroallergens Induce Reactive Oxygen Species Production and DNA Damage and Dampen Antioxidant Responses in Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Chan Tze Khee , Tan W. S. Daniel , Peh Hong Yong , Wong W. S. Fred
Published: May 2017

Exposure to environmental allergens is a major risk factor for asthma development. Allergens possess proteolytic activity that is capable of disrupting the airway epithelium. Although there is increasing evidence pointing to asthma as an epithelial disease, the underlying mechanism that drives asthma has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the direct DNA damage potential of aeroallergens on human bronchial epithelial cells and elucidated the mechanisms mediating the damage. Human bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS-2B, directly exposed to house dust mites (HDM) resulted in enhanced DNA damage, as measured by the CometChip and the staining of DNA double-strand break marker, γH2AX. HDM stimulated cellular reactive oxygen species production, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and promoted nitrosative stress. Notably, expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2–dependent antioxidant genes was reduced immediately after HDM exposure, suggesting that HDM altered antioxidant responses. HDM exposure also reduced cell proliferation and induced cell death. Importantly, HDM-induced DNA damage can be prevented by the antioxidants glutathione and catalase, suggesting that HDM-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can be neutralized by antioxidants. Mechanistic studies revealed that HDM-induced cellular injury is NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent, and apocynin, a NOX inhibitor, protected cells from double-strand breaks induced by HDM. Our results show that direct exposure of bronchial epithelial cells to HDM leads to the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that damage DNA and induce cytotoxicity. Antioxidants and NOX inhibitors can prevent HDM-induced DNA damage, revealing a novel role for antioxidants and NOX inhibitors in mitigating allergic airway disease.
Decrease in Numbers of Naive and Resting B Cells in HIV-Infected Kenyan Adults Leads to a Proportional Increase in Total and Plasmodium falciparum–Specific Atypical Memory B Cells
Authors: Frosch Anne E. , Odumade Oludare A. , Taylor Justin J. , Ireland Kathleen , Ayodo George , Ondigo Bartholomew , Narum David L. , Vulule John , John Chandy C.
Published: May 2017

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with B cell activation and exhaustion, and hypergammaglobulinemia. How these changes influence B cell responses to coinfections such as malaria is poorly understood. To address this, we compared B cell phenotypes and Abs specific for the Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate apical membrane Ag-1 (AMA1) in HIV-infected and uninfected adults living in Kenya. Surprisingly, HIV-1 infection was not associated with a difference in serum AMA1-specific Ab levels. HIV-infected individuals had a higher proportion of total atypical and total activated memory B cells (MBCs). Using an AMA1 tetramer to detect AMA1-specific B cells, HIV-infected individuals were also shown to have a higher proportion of AMA1-specific atypical MBCs. However, this proportional increase resulted in large part from a loss in the number of naive and resting MBCs rather than an increase in the number of atypical and activated cells. The loss of resting MBCs and naive B cells was mirrored in a population of cells specific for an Ag to which these individuals were unlikely to have been chronically exposed. Together, the data show that changes in P. falciparum Ag–specific B cell subsets in HIV-infected individuals mirror those in the overall B cell population, and suggest that the increased proportion of atypical MBC phenotypes found in HIV-1–infected individuals results from the loss of naive and resting MBCs.