bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essay: Mary Poppins, of hoe een magische nepmoeder een dolle suffragette de les leest - De Britse kiesrechtstrijd in de Amerikaanse populaire cultuur van de jaren zestig
Authors: Bosch Mineke
Published: May 2014

In her contribution Mineke Bosch tries to explain the success of the major box office movie Mary Poppins that came out in 1964. Feminist critique of the movie seems by and large rather predictable in its presupposition that popular success means ideological weakness. Especially the comic representation of the suffragette mother of the children is seen as meaningful in this respect, and the movie’s main message is read as enforcing family life. More positive assessments of the movie, on the other hand, emphasize the vital role of Mary Poppins who teaches feminine values in a non-linear and fragmented way that leaves room for multiple interpretations. However, Bosch argues that the magic of the movie is mainly in the figure of Mary Poppins, who incorporates two aspects of feminism: equal rights feminism as symbolized in the umbrella and a feminism that is defined as ‘spiritual motherhood’. God knows what the second wave of feminism owes to Mary Poppins!
A body that matters? - Jane E. Harrisons epistemologische ontdekking van de ‘Grote Moeder’ en de rol van de Chôra
Authors: Brunotte Ulrike
Published: May 2014

No other researcher of religion revolutionized the way we look at Greek antiquity like the Hellenist, archaeologist and feminist Jane Ellen Harrison (1850-1928), who taught at Newnham womens College, Cambridge (UK). Harrison’s avant la lettre performative and material turn challenged the text-based approach to Greek culture. The article reconstructs parallels between Harrison’s Becoming Goddess and the early work of Luce Irigaray on the ‘feminine’ and the maternal body as the excluded figure – the chôra – of the patriarchal symbolic order. It starts historically with the parallel ‘events’ of the archaeological ‘discovery’ of the ‘matriarchal’ Minoan culture of the ‘Great Mother’ on Crete, and Harrison’s epistemological reconstructions. Methodologically it combines close readings of her texts, inspired by feminist theories especially Judith Butler and Luce Irigaray with a history of knowledge approach. The article focuses on a reconstruction of Butler’s and Irigaray’s discussion of the Platonic concept of chôra and relates it to Harrison’s attempts to formulate a non-phallocentric notion of a matrilineal culture. Her utopian idea of maternal symbolizations is based on an ‘energetic’ notion of the maternal and an ethic in the ‘name-of-the-mother’. Is there a ‘third’ way to considering the material-maternal-matter, that does not imply a rejection of discourse analysis, nor an essentialist understanding of ‘femininity’?
Het moMumentale kreng - Vijf visies op One flew over the cuckoo’s nest en de macht van de interpretatie
Authors: Meijer Maaike
Published: May 2014

In this article Maaike Meijer argues that not only the film One flew over the cuckoo’s nest (1975), but also its literary pretext and the history of its interpretation serve as valuable objects of analysis. Four distinct interpretations of the film offer diverse readings of its narrative in general, and of nurse Ratched in particular. Depending on the interpretative point of view, nurse Ratched has been read as a figure of repressive, sadistic motherhood; of resistance against the injustices of the psychiatric institution; the film as sexist and racist hatespeech; and as a gender-critical reflection on men’s emancipation. Meijer, however, offers a fifth interpretation – one that focuses on the invisibility of male and institutional violence – in which nurse Ratched is understood as a ‘Momist’ figure on which the blame for such invisible violence is projected. These interpretations invite a further reflection upon the historical reception of the film, which has tended to pass over its confounding and problematic gender dynamics. Could it be that the ubiquity of the sadistic mother figure is so ingrained in the cultural imagination is what makes her so imminently recognisable and effective? If so, ongoing attempts to reinterpret the film and to deconstruct the figure of nurse Ratched remain relevant today.
Column - Adventures in elderly motherhood
Authors: Menéndez Ana
Published: May 2014

Choosing to have a baby after the age of 40 has become something of a cultural touchstone in the developed world. At best, women face grim warnings of risks to child and mother. At worst, they are accused of being ‘selfish’ by doctors and pundits alike. All this takes place at a time when the numbers of over-40 mothers are thought to be increasing explosively. However, a historical overview shows that women aged 40 to 44 were giving birth at almost twice the rate in Europe before 1790 than they are currently. Moreover, the countries with the highest rates of older mothers nowadays are not in Europe or North America, but rather in the developing world. The difference, the author argues, is choice. When a woman in an Afghan village gives birth to her tenth baby at forty-four, she is accorded the pity with which we condescend to the poor. When a woman in New York City chooses to have a baby at the same age, the knives come out. Reproductive choice being such a new concept and phenomenon, it could very well be that women are being vilified for exercising it at almost every stage of their lives, including when they choose to become mothers in their forties.
Carla en Frank van Putten, moeder en zoon - Een narratologische analyse van de Van Kooten en De Bie filmpjes
Authors: van den Oever Roel
Published: May 2014

In the first half the 1990s, Kees van Kooten and Wim de Bie appeared in twelve television skits as Carla and Frank van Putten, mother and son. Each instalment follows a fixed narrative development, in which Carla’s domineering behaviour causes deep frustration with Frank. I investigate how these skits relate to Momism: a psychiatric and sociological discourse that ascribes a large number of ‘disorders’ with men – including asthma, autism, homosexuality, and schizophrenia – to an incorrect upbringing by a mother who either suffocates (too hot) or neglects (too cold) her son. Van Kooten and De Bie are commonly thought to make subversive satire. However, by way of a narratological analysis I show that, with the exception of the first two skits, the viewer is consistently invited to laugh at Carla as a bad mother.
Secondary organic aerosol production from diesel vehicle exhaust: impact of aftertreatment, fuel chemistry and driving cycle
Authors: Gordon T. D. , Presto A. A. , Nguyen N. T. , Robertson W. H. , Na K. , Sahay K. N. , Zhang M. , Maddox C. , Rieger P. , Chattopadhyay S. , Maldonado H. , Maricq M. M. , Robinson A. L.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Environmental chamber ("smog chamber") experiments were conducted to investigate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production from dilute emissions from two medium-duty diesel vehicles (MDDVs) and three heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) under urban-like conditions. Some of the vehicles were equipped with emission control aftertreatment devices, including diesel particulate filters (DPFs), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs). Experiments were also performed with different fuels (100% biodiesel and low-, medium- or high-aromatic ultralow sulfur diesel) and driving cycles (Unified Cycle,~Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, and creep + idle). During normal operation, vehicles with a catalyzed DPF emitted very little primary particulate matter (PM). Furthermore, photooxidation of dilute emissions from these vehicles produced essentially no SOA (below detection limit). However, significant primary PM emissions and SOA production were measured during active DPF regeneration experiments. Nevertheless, under reasonable assumptions about DPF regeneration frequency, the contribution of regeneration emissions to the total vehicle emissions is negligible, reducing PM trapping efficiency by less than 2%. Therefore, catalyzed DPFs appear to be very effective in reducing both primary PM emissions and SOA production from diesel vehicles. For both MDDVs and HDDVs without aftertreatment substantial SOA formed in the smog chamber – with the emissions from some vehicles generating twice as much SOA as primary organic aerosol after 3 h of oxidation at typical urban VOC / NOx ratios (3 : 1). Comprehensive organic gas speciation was performed on these emissions, but less than half of the measured SOA could be explained by traditional (speciated) SOA precursors. The remainder presumably originates from the large fraction (~30%) of the nonmethane organic gas emissions that could not be speciated using traditional one-dimensional gas chromatography. The unspeciated organics – likely comprising less volatile species such as intermediate volatility organic compounds – appear to be important SOA precursors; we estimate that the effective SOA yield (defined as the ratio of SOA mass to reacted precursor mass) was 9 ± 6% if both speciated SOA precursors and unspeciated organics are included in the analysis. SOA production from creep + idle operation was 3–4 times larger than SOA production from the same vehicle operated over the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS). Fuel properties had little or no effect on primary PM emissions or SOA formation.
Volatile organic compound emissions from the oil and natural gas industry in the Uinta Basin, Utah: point sources compared to ambient air composition
Authors: Warneke C. , Geiger F. , Edwards P. M. , Dube W. , Pétron G. , Kofler J. , Zahn A. , Brown S. S. , Graus M. , Gilman J. , Lerner B. , Peischl J. , Ryerson T. B. , de Gouw J. A. , Roberts J. M.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with oil and natural gas production in the Uinta Basin, Utah were measured at a ground site in Horse Pool and from a NOAA mobile laboratory with PTR-MS instruments. The VOC compositions in the vicinity of individual gas and oil wells and other point sources such as evaporation ponds, compressor stations and injection wells are compared to the measurements at Horse Pool. High mixing ratios of aromatics, alkanes, cycloalkanes and methanol were observed for extended periods of time and short-term spikes caused by local point sources. The mixing ratios during the time the mobile laboratory spent on the well pads were averaged. High mixing ratios were found close to all point sources, but gas wells using dry-gas collection, which means dehydration happens at the well, were clearly associated with higher mixing ratios than other wells. Another large source was the flowback pond near a recently hydraulically re-fractured gas well. The comparison of the VOC composition of the emissions from the oil and natural gas wells showed that wet gas collection wells compared well with the majority of the data at Horse Pool and that oil wells compared well with the rest of the ground site data. Oil wells on average emit heavier compounds than gas wells. The mobile laboratory measurements confirm the results from an emissions inventory: the main VOC source categories from individual point sources are dehydrators, oil and condensate tank flashing and pneumatic devices and pumps. Raw natural gas is emitted from the pneumatic devices and pumps and heavier VOC mixes from the tank flashings.
Characteristics of gravity waves resolved by ECMWF
Authors: Preusse P. , Ern M. , Bechtold P. , Eckermann S. D. , Kalisch S. , Trinh Q. T. , Riese M.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Global model data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are analyzed for resolved gravity waves (GWs). Based on fitted 3-D wave vectors of individual waves and using the ECMWF global scale background fields, backward ray-tracing from 25 km altitude is performed. Different sources such as orography, convection and winter storms are identified. It is found that due to oblique propagation waves spread widely from narrow source regions. Gravity waves which originate from regions of strong convection are frequently excited around the tropopause and have in the ECMWF model low phase and group velocities as well as very long horizontal wavelengths compared to other models and to measurements. While the total amount of momentum flux for convective GWs changes little over season, GWs generated by storms and mountain waves show large day-to-day variability, which has a strong influence also on total hemispheric fluxes: from one day to the next the total hemispheric flux may increase by a factor of 3. Implications of these results for using the ECMWF model in predicting, analyzing and interpreting global GW distributions as well as implications for seamless climate prediction are discussed.
Estimating sources of elemental and organic carbon and their temporal emission patterns using a Least Squares Inverse model and hourly measurements from the St. Louis-Midwest Supersite
Authors: de Foy B. , Cui Y. Y. , Schauer J. J. , Janssen M. , Turner J. R. , Wiedinmyer C.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. An inverse model was used to evaluate emission inventories of Elemental Carbon (EC) and Organic Carbon (OC) based on year-long hourly time series from the St. Louis-Midwest Supersite. The input to the model consisted of continuous measurements of EC and OC obtained for 2002 using two semicontinuous analyzers. High resolution meteorological simulations were performed for the entire time period using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). These were used to simulate hourly back-trajectories at the measurement site using a Lagrangian model (FLEXPART-WRF). In combination, an Eulerian model (CAMx) was used to simulate the impacts at the measurement site using known emissions inventories for point and area sources as well as for open burning. By considering only passive transport of pollutants, and by using diagonal error covariance matrices, the Bayesian inversion simplifies to a single least squares inversion. The inverse model combines forward Eulerian simulations with backward Lagrangian simulations to yield estimates of emissions from sources in current inventories as well as from area emissions that might be missing in the inventories. The CAMx impacts were disaggregated into separate time chunks in order to determine improved diurnal, weekday and monthly temporal patterns of emissions. Because EC is a primary species, the inverse model estimates can be interpreted directly as emissions. In contrast, OC is both a primary and a secondary species. As the inverse model does not differentiate between direct emissions and formation in the plume of those direct emissions, the estimates need to be interpreted as contributions to measured concentrations. Emissions in the St. Louis region from On-Road, Non-Road, Marine/Aircraft/Railroad (MAR), "Other" and Point Sources were revised slightly downwards on average. In particular, both MAR and Point Sources had a more pronounced diurnal variation than in the inventory. The winter peak in Other emissions was not corroborated by the inverse model. On-Road emissions have a larger difference between weekday and weekends in the inverse estimates than in the inventory, and appear to be poorly simulated or characterized in the winter months. The model suggests that open burning emissions are significantly underestimated in the inventory. Finally, contributions of unknown sources seems to be from areas to the south of St. Louis and from afternoon and nighttime emissions.
Peroxy radical detection for airborne atmospheric measurements using absorption spectroscopy of NO2
Authors: Horstjann M. , Andrés Hernández M. D. , Nenakhov V. , Chrobry A. , Burrows J. P.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Development of an airborne instrument for the determination of peroxy radicals (PeRCEAS – peroxy radical chemical enhancement and absorption spectroscopy) is reported. Ambient peroxy radicals (HO2 and RO2, R being an organic chain) are converted to NO2 in a reactor using a chain reaction involving NO and CO. Provided that the amplification factor, called effective chain length (eCL), is known, the concentration of NO2 can be used as a proxy for the peroxy radical concentration in the sampled air. The eCL depends on radical surface losses and must thus be determined experimentally for each individual setup. NO2 is detected by continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) using an extended cavity diode laser (ECDL) at 408.9 nm. Optical feedback from a V-shaped resonator maximizes transmission and allows for a simple detector setup. CRDS directly yields absorption coefficients, thus providing NO2 concentrations without additional calibration. The optimum 1σ detection limit is 0.3 ppbv at an averaging time of 40 s and an inlet pressure of 300 hPa. Effective chain lengths were determined for HO2 and CH3O2 at different inlet pressures. The 1σ detection limit at an inlet pressure of 300 hPa for HO2 is 3 pptv for an averaging time of 120 s.
Lytic viral infection of bacterioplankton in deep waters of the western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Li Y. , Luo T. , Sun J. , Cai L. , Liang Y. , Jiao N. , Zhang R.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. As the most abundant biological entities in the ocean, viruses influence host mortality and nutrient recycling mainly through lytic infection. Yet, the ecological characteristics of virioplankton and viral impacts on host mortality and biogeochemical cycling in the deep sea are largely unknown. In the present study, viral abundance and lytic infection were investigated throughout the water column in the western Pacific Ocean. Both the prokaryotic and viral abundance and production showed a significantly decreasing trend from epipelagic to meso- and bathypelagic waters. Viral abundance decreased from 0.36–1.05 × 1010 particles L−1 to 0.43–0.80 × 109 particles L−1, while the virus : prokaryote ratio varied from 7.21 to 16.23 to 2.45–23.40, at the surface and 2000 m, respectively. Lytic viral production rates in surface and 2000 m waters were, on average, 1.03 × 1010 L−1 day−1 and 5.74 × 108 L−1 day−1. Relatively high percentages of prokaryotic cells lysed by viruses at 1000 and 2000 m were observed, suggesting a significant contribution of viruses to prokaryotic mortality in the deep ocean. The carbon released by viral lysis in deep western Pacific Ocean waters was from 0.03 to 2.32 μg C L−1 day−1. Our findings demonstrated a highly dynamic and active viral population in these deep waters and suggested that virioplankton play an important role in the microbial loop and subsequently biogeochemical cycling in deep oceans.
Verification of an ADER-DG method for complex dynamic rupture problems
Authors: Pelties C. , Gabriel A.-A. , Ampuero J.-P.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. We present results of thorough benchmarking of an arbitrary high-order derivative discontinuous Galerkin (ADER-DG) method on unstructured meshes for advanced earthquake dynamic rupture problems. We verify the method by comparison to well-established numerical methods in a series of verification exercises, including dipping and branching fault geometries, heterogeneous initial conditions, bimaterial interfaces and several rate-and-state friction laws. We show that the combination of meshing flexibility and high-order accuracy of the ADER-DG method makes it a competitive tool to study earthquake dynamics in geometrically complicated setups.
Building a field- and model-based climatology of local water and energy cycles in the cultivated Sahel – annual budgets and seasonality
Authors: Velluet C. , Demarty J. , Cappelaere B. , Braud I. , Issoufou H. B.-A. , Boulain N. , Ramier D. , Mainassara I. , Charvet G. , Boucher M. , Chazarin J.-P. , Oï M. , Yahou H. , Maidaji B. , Arpin-Pont F. , Benarrosh N. , Mahamane A. , Nazoumou Y. , Favreau G. , Seghieri J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. In the African Sahel, energy and water cycling at the land surface is pivotal for regional climate, water resources and land productivity, yet it is still extremely poorly documented. As a step towards a comprehensive climatological description of surface fluxes in this area, this study provides estimates of average annual budgets and seasonal cycles for two main land use types of the cultivated Sahelian belt, rainfed millet crop and fallow bush. These estimates build on the combination of a 7 year field dataset from two typical plots in southwestern Niger with detailed physically-based soil-plant-atmosphere modelling, yielding a continuous, comprehensive set of water and energy flux and storage variables over the 7 year period. In this study case in particular, blending field data with mechanistic modelling is considered as making best use of available data and knowledge for such purpose. It extends observations by reconstructing missing data and extrapolating to unobserved variables or periods. Furthermore, model constraining with observations compromises between extraction of observational information content and integration of process understanding, hence accounting for data imprecision and departure from physical laws. Climatological averages of all water and energy variables, with associated sampling uncertainty, are derived at annual to subseasonal scales from the 7 year series produced. Similarities and differences in the two ecosystems behaviors are highlighted. Mean annual evapotranspiration is found to represent ~82–85% of rainfall for both systems, but with different soil evaporation/plant transpiration partitioning and different seasonal distribution. The remainder consists entirely of runoff for the fallow, whereas drainage and runoff stand in a 40–60% proportion for the millet field. These results should provide a robust reference for the surface energy- and water-related studies needed in this region. The model developed in this context has the potential for reliable simulations outside the reported conditions, including changing climate and land cover.
O Facebook como espaço público virtualizado nas eleições
Authors: Ferreira Karla de Lourdes , Veloso Maria do Socorro Furtado
Published: May 2014

O uso das mídias sociais para a divulgação de campanhas eleitorais tem sido uma das estratégias de propaganda dos candidatos para ampliação da visibilidade política. Um dos diferenciais desses dispositivos é proporcionar a interação entre os participantes. A cada eleição, a busca por outros meios de propagação de conteúdo e aproximação e comunicação com eleitores se tornou relevante para quem pleiteia um cargo político. Este artigo se propõe a analisar práticas de participação dos eleitores e comentários disponibilizados no Facebook por cinco candidatos a prefeito de Natal (RN), entre 21 e 30 de setembro de 2012. Foi estudada uma parte desses comentários e conversas, com ênfase na interação entre eleitores e candidatos. O objetivo foi entender o modo como os internautas participaram do jogo político eleitoral naquele ano. Notou-se que os candidatos deram ênfase a conteúdo voltado para o ritmo cotidiano de propaganda eleitoral, como os compromissos de carreatas e caminhadas pelos bairros da cidade, mensagens de ataque aos concorrentes e o registro das atividades de campanha, o que repercutiu na dinâmica dos comentários, que foram, em sua maioria, de apoio, parabenização, otimismo e mobilização. O método empregado foi a etnografia virtual, com observação e descrição das práticas online desses atores.
Jornalismo literário, humanização e polifonia: perfis da música erudita em piauí
Authors: Passos Mateus Yuri
Published: May 2014

Reportagens sobre música clássica, ou erudita, tendem a ser reverentes, laudatórias – principalmente por conta do pedestal cultural em que é comumente colocada, que provém parcialmentede uma postura hegemônica da cultura europeia, a qual resulta também num rebaixamento de outras manifestações culturais. Assim, é interessante quando surgem narrativas jornalísticas que se propõem a desafiar essa visão e, por meio de procedimentos diversos, aproximar o público em geral da música erudita. Este artigo discute a abordagem do tema em três reportagens narrativas publicadas em piauí: “Pérolas aos poucos”, “Criador e criatura” e “Fantasia para piano”. A partir dos conceitos de dialogismo, polifonia e discurso não-oficial de Mikhail Bakthin, parte-se da hipótese de que o jornalismo literário, ao buscar vozes e pontos de vista diferenciados, deve apresentar uma visão não-hegemônica acerca dos temas de que trata. Identifica-se essa prática nas referidas reportagens, nas quais política e ideologia do cotidiano somam-se ao cenário da música erudita, de modo a se traçar um perfil humanizado, ou não-estereotipado, dos personagens retratados.
Comunicação, educação e cidadania: análise do uso de mídias em escolas do Cariri cearense
Authors: Nunes Rosane da Silva
Published: May 2014

A utilização de ferramentas midiáticas nas escolas apresenta um potencial pedagógico significativo na aprendizagem de conteúdo, além de constituir um espaço com forte possibilidade de aprendizagem ao trabalho coletivo, favorecendo a prática da cidadania. Este trabalho traz considerações e evidências sobre a relação entre a educação e a comunicação no desenvolvimento do estudante por meio de práticas educomunicativas no ambiente escolar. O locus do estudo é a região do Cariri Cearense – municípios do Crato, Juazeiro do Norte e Barbalha. A pesquisa foi iniciada em fevereiro de 2012 e lança mão de procedimentos metodológicos quanti-qualitativos, envolvendo técnicas de apuração do número de escolas com ações educomunicacionais, aplicação de formulários semiestruturados com vistas a conhecer a estrutura de trabalho nesses projetos, observação direta das atividades educomunicacionais e abordagens interventivas. Pode-se apontar como resultado a verificação da instabilidade dos projetos de comunicação nas escolas e o potencial de contribuição destes para a formação cidadã dos educandos.
Mapeamento da produção científica brasileira a respeito do Enem (1998-2011)
Authors: Dias Broietti Fabiele Cristiane , Santin Filho Ourides , Meneghello Passos Marinez
Published: May 2014

Este artigo traz os resultados de um mapeamento da produção científica brasileira, referente ao Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem), expressa nas dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado produzidas desde a primeira aplicação deste exame, em 1998. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, sobre a qual são feitas considerações de natureza qualitativa. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico da produção e sua seleção, sistematização de informações e organização dos resultados com base nas técnicas da Análise Documental. Levamos em conta na análise os anos de publicação das produções; as áreas de conhecimento a que pertencem; as regiões do país onde estão geograficamente concentradas e àquelas que estão relacionadas à área de Ciências da Natureza. O estudo indicou que o Enem tem sido importante objeto de investigação e que os pesquisadores que o colocam em suas pautas de pesquisa buscam diversas compreensões sobre este Exame.
A univocidade do sinal e a polissemia do símbolo
Authors: Wilson Vasconcelos Jr. José
Published: May 2014

Trabalhamos a concepção junguiana de significação, segundo os conceitos de sinal e símbolo. Para tanto, discutimos a distinção que a Psicologia Analítica faz entre duas formas de pensar: o pensar dirigido ou intelecto e o fantasiar ou pensar intuitivo. Mediante as noções de univocidade semiótica e polissemia simbólica explicitamos a conexão entre o pensamento dirigido e a discriminação consciente dos pares opostos, mostrando como o circuito lógico da abstração formal forma-se desde as operações do pensamento dirigido e da constituição dos sinais, cuja significação é unívoca e convencionada, tornando-se independente daqueles contextos ideoafetivos apenas ex nunc e não ab ovo. Do mesmo modo, resta claro que o fantasiar produz os símbolos polissêmicos que aludem constitucionalmente ao inconsciente, donde a ambiguidade e a indeterminação das produções da fantasia. Inquirimos, então, desde tal articulação, qual o papel da ferramenta lógica na confecção do discurso psicológico sobre a polissemia simbólica e desenvolvemos a circunscrição, em Psicologia Analítica, do uso de um estilo discursivo antitético como exigência da própria fenomenologia psíquica às afirmações psicológicas vivas. Consideramos, por fim, que o apego unilateral de nossa presente consciência coletiva às produções significativas semióticas durante a adaptação psíquica expõe-se ao perigo mítico do “olhar para trás” e seu destino petrificante e mortal.
Protocolo de avaliação psicológica para pacientes oncológicos: Uma proposta
Authors: Lima Ramos Josafá , Sanches Peres Rodrigo
Published: May 2014

Os protocolos de avaliação psicológica se destacam como um recurso potencialmente proveitoso para a prática em Psicologia Hospitalar, na medida em que podem auxiliar na obtenção dos elementos necessários para o planejamento e o desenvolvimento de intervenções. Entretanto, ainda são escassas as publicações brasileiras dedicadas ao assunto. Partindo de tais premissas, este estudo tem como objetivo básico apresentar a proposta de um protocolo de avaliação voltado especificamente a pacientes oncológicos adultos. Tal protocolo se apoia, por um lado, na experiência profissional dos autores e, por outro lado, em uma revisão da literatura científica nacional. Os testes psicológicos que constituem o protocolo são os seguintes: Inventário Fatorial de Personalidade (IFP), Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG), Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL) e Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar (IPSF). Cada um deles tem discutidas suas características técnicas e indicações frente às particularidades dessa população. Contudo, a aplicação de testes psicológicos é recomendada somente em um momento posterior à obtenção de informações preliminares por meio de anamnese e exame de funções psíquicas e à observação de aspectos relevantes dos pacientes. Os alcances e limites do protocolo são ponderados, mas sua aplicação é recomendada tanto na pesquisa quanto na prática em Psicologia Hospitalar e, mais especificamente, em Psico-oncologia. Considera-se que o mesmo fornece subsídios iniciais para o preenchimento de uma importante lacuna nessas áreas, na medida em que pode viabilizar o acesso a informações essenciais para a assistência integral aos pacientes oncológicos.
Dioniso e a festa universitária: Entrevistas com estudantes da USP
Authors: Nogueira Pereira Omar Calazans , Freitas Laura Villares de
Published: May 2014

Esta pesquisa investigou a festa universitária enquanto espaço de socialização de estudantes, enfocando o comportamento sexual, a relação com a música e a dança, e o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e drogas. Sua questão norteadora foi: Dioniso, tomado simbolicamente, frequenta as festas universitárias? O material obtido foi analisado à luz de elementos do mito e do rito dionisíacos, embasado na psicologia analítica de Jung. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas semiabertas com estudantes da Universidade de São Paulo, frequentadores de suas festas. O critério de inclusão foi a frequência mínima mensal a duas festas. Na análise dos dados, foram levantadas as categorias: vivências corporais prazerosas; encontro com o outro e socialização; compulsão às festas e ao consumo alcoólico. Concluiu-se que parece não haver um espaço satisfatório para o exercício da alteridade e a vivência do corpo, ou seja, para Dioniso, no cotidiano universitário. Entretanto, é possível afirmar que Dioniso frequenta as festas universitárias, pois estas possibilitam a manifestação e a vivência de características associadas a sua imagem arquetípica. Alguns questionamentos levantados para futuras pesquisas são: essas festas podem ser consideradas um tipo de ritual de iniciação? De que forma o frequentá-las influencia a vida emocional e social dos estudantes fora das festas? Além disso, relevante é averiguar possíveis propostas de intervenção no sentido de conscientização da motivação de ir a festas e como se dá a relação dos estudantes com as mesmas, especialmente considerando que parte dos estudantes manifesta uma vivência compulsiva de elevada frequência às festas e de consumo alcoólico excessivo.
Reflexões sobre a aposentadoria: Contribuições a partir das experiências de professores aposentados
Authors: Antunes Marcos Henrique , Parizotto Ana Patrícia
Published: May 2014

A aposentadoria se configura como um novo momento na vida do indivíduo, e como tal, ocasiona transformações em sua vida pessoal e social, as quais vêm acompanhadas por ganhos, benefícios e perdas. Este trabalho é parte de um estudo realizado com objetivo de identificar a concepção de professores aposentados frente à experiência da aposentadoria. Igualmente, buscou-se conhecer a relação entre aposentadoria e processo de luto, assim como os principais sentimentos e recursos mobilizados na adaptação a esse período. Tal pesquisa assume relevância, pelo fato de encontrarmos-nos em meio a um significativo crescimento da população idosa em nosso país. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com professores aposentados da rede pública estadual e municipal de um município situado no norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Para sua execução, optou-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual foram aplicadas entrevistas semidirigidas. Um dos principais elementos na pesquisa que receberam destaque se refere aos significados sociais que a aposentadoria tem assumido, influenciando diretamente sobre a percepção do indivíduo como sujeito aposentado. O estudo identificou a relevância que há na preparação para a aposentadoria, contribuindo para que os profissionais vivenciem esse período de forma real, sendo possível reconhecer e compreender as perdas dele advindas, de modo a facilitar a adaptação ao momento.
Vulnerabilidade ao estresse no trabalho e qualidade de vida de enfermeiros
Authors: Corrêa Rosângela Zabaleta Alves , Souza Mayra Silva de , Baptista Makilim Nunes
Published: May 2014

O presente estudo teve como objetivo encontrar associações entre vulnerabilidade ao estresse no trabalho e qualidade de vida de enfermeiros. Participaram deste estudo 117 profissionais da área de enfermagem de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, com amostra predominantemente feminina e idade variando entre 20 a 56 anos (M = 35 anos; DP = 8,9). Como instrumentos, utilizou-se a Escala de Vulnerabilidade ao Estresse no Trabalho (EVENT) e World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref). Os resultados indicaram correlações significativas e negativas e outras limítrofes entre as dimensões do EVENT, denominadas clima e funcionamento organizacional; pressão no trabalho; infraestrutura e rotina. E os domínios do WHOQOL-bref, quais sejam, físico, psicológico, relações sociais, meio ambiente e geral, de forma que quanto maior a vulnerabilidade ao estresse laboral, menor a qualidade de vida relatada pelos respondentes. Por fim, são consideradas as contribuições e apontadas as limitações do estudo, com sugestões para futuros trabalhos.
A deusa do efa: hipótese de interdição ao culto de Asherah em Zc 5,5-11
Authors: Ribeiro Osvaldo Luiz
Published: May 2014

Mencionadas na sétima visão de Zacarias, em Zc 5,5-11, analisa-se o significado histórico-social da mulher dentro do efa e das duas mulheres aladas que levantam nos ares e transportam o efa e a mulher, para instalá-la em um templo na Babilônia. Interpreta-se a figura da mulher como a deusa Asherah e figura das duas mulheres aladas como personificações caricaturadas das profetizas e sacerdotisas do respectivo culto. Considera-se que a cena constitui caso de intertextualidade em relação a Ez 1; 10,18-22, descrevendo, em chave invertida, a saída da deusa do templo de Jerusalém pelo expediente de inverter a cena do translado da glória de Yahweh para a Babilônia. O(s) redator(es) de Zc 5,5-11 considera que o retorno de Yahweh para o (novo) templo de Jerusalém implica necessariamente na interdição e na expulsão da deusa – em termos histórico-sociais, na interrupção do culto a Asherah.
Discovery of the Largest Historic Silicic Submarine Eruption
Authors: Carey Rebecca J. , Wysoczanski Richard , Wunderman Richard , Jutzeler Martin
Published: May 2014

It was likely twice the size of the renowned Mount St. Helens eruption of 1980 and perhaps more than 10 times bigger than the more recent 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland. However, unlike those two events, which dominated world news headlines, in 2012 the daylong submarine silicic eruption at Havre volcano in the Kermadec Arc, New Zealand (Figure 1a; ~800 kilometers north of Auckland, New Zealand), passed without fanfare. In fact, for a while no one even knew it had occurred.
A Jigsaw Puzzle Layer Cake of Spatial Data
Authors: Ma Xiaogang , Fox Peter
Published: May 2014

The Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE; http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu) is a European Union (EU) directive that aims to provide a legal framework to share environmental spatial data among public sector organizations across Europe and to facilitate public access to data. To meet these goals, INSPIRE's organization is analogous to a layer cake in which each layer is composed of interlocking pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. The metaphor, although mixed, is apt (see additional supporting information in the online version of this article), and as researchers outside the program, we offer our perspective on how INSPIRE may address challenges raised by the variety of data themes and the wide coverage of collaborators.
The Earth will remain habitable for at least 1.5 billion years
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: May 2014

At some point in the future, the gradual brightening of the Sun will force temperatures on Earth to soar, a runaway greenhouse effect transforming our world into something more like Venus. Before this can happen, though, another process known as a “moist greenhouse runaway” will cause the oceans to bleed off into space.
Overview of the Mars Science Laboratory mission: Bradbury Landing to Yellowknife Bay and beyond
Authors: Vasavada A. R. , Grotzinger J. P. , Arvidson R. E. , Calef F. J. , Crisp J. A. , Gupta S. , Hurowitz J. , Mangold N. , Maurice S. , Schmidt M. E. , Wiens R. C. , Williams R. M. E. , Yingst R. A.
Published: May 2014

The Mars Science Laboratory mission reached Bradbury Landing in August 2012. In its first 500 sols, the rover Curiosity was commissioned and began its investigation of the habitability of past and present environments within Gale Crater. Curiosity traversed eastward toward Glenelg, investigating a boulder with a highly alkaline basaltic composition, encountering numerous exposures of outcropping pebble conglomerate, and sampling aeolian sediment at Rocknest and lacustrine mudstones at Yellowknife Bay. On sol 324, the mission turned its focus southwest, beginning a year‐long journey to the lower reaches of Mt. Sharp, with brief stops at the Darwin and Cooperstown waypoints. The unprecedented complexity of the rover and payload systems posed challenges to science operations, as did a number of anomalies. Operational processes were revised to include additional opportunities for advance planning by the science and engineering teams.
Darwin at High Temperature: Advancing Solar Cell Material Design Using Defect Kinetics Simulations and Evolutionary Optimization
Authors: Fenning David P. , Hofstetter Jasmin , Morishige Ashley E. , Powell Douglas M. , Zuschlag Annika , Hahn Giso , Buonassisi Tonio
Published: May 2014

Material defects govern the performance of a wide range of energy conversion and storage devices, including photovoltaics, thermoelectrics, and batteries. The success of large‐scale, cost‐effective manufacturing hinges upon rigorous material optimization to mitigate deleterious defects. Material processing simulations have the potential to accelerate novel energy technology development by modeling defect‐evolution thermodynamics and kinetics during processing of raw materials into devices. Here, a predictive process optimization framework is presented for rapid material and process development. A solar cell simulation tool that models defect kinetics during processing is coupled with a genetic algorithm to optimize processing conditions in silico. Experimental samples processed according to conditions suggested by the optimization show significant improvements in material performance, indicated by minority carrier lifetime gains, and confirm the simulated directions for process improvement. This material optimization framework demonstrates the potential for process simulation to leverage fundamental defect characterization and high‐throughput computing to accelerate the pace of learning in materials processing for energy applications.
A General and Practical Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐3‐[4‐(imidazol‐4‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl]benzamide Anti‐Inflammatory Cytokine Inhibitors
Authors: Frutos Rogelio P. , Rodriguez Sonia , Patel Nitinchandra D. , Reeves Diana , Tampone Thomas , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: May 2014

A practical, safe, and efficient synthesis of anti‐inflammatory cytokine inhibitors was developed and implemented for a number of analogues. A key aspect of the process is an efficient, one‐pot, tandem copper‐catalyzed azidonation and Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition using silyl protected alkynes.
Mandibular development in Australopithecus robustus
Authors: Cofran Zachary
Published: May 2014

Australopithecus robustus has a distinct mandibular anatomy, with a broad and deep corpus and a tall, relatively upright ramus. How this anatomy arose through development is unknown, as gross mandibular size and shape change have not been thoroughly examined quantitatively in this species. Herein, I investigate A. robustus mandibular growth by comparing its ontogenetic series with a sample of recent humans, examining age‐related size variation in 28 linear measurements. Resampling is used to compare the amount of proportional size change occurring between tooth eruption stages in the small and fragmentary A. robustus sample, with that of a more complete human skeletal population. Ontogenetic allometry of corpus robusticity is also assessed with least squares regression. Results show that nearly all measurements experience greater average increase in A. robustus than in humans. Most notably, A. robustus corpus breadth undergoes a spurt of growth before eruption of M1, likely due in part to delayed resorption of the ramus root on the lateral corpus. Between the occlusion of M1 and M2, nearly all dimensions experience greater proportional size change in A. robustus. Nested resampling analysis affirms that this pattern of growth differences between species is biologically significant, and not a mere byproduct of the fossil sample size. Some species differences are likely a function of postcanine megadontia in A. robustus, although the causes of other differences are less clear. This study demonstrates an important role of the postnatal period for mandibular shape development in this species. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:436–446, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex of preceding sibling and anthropometrics of subsequent offspring at birth and in young adulthood: A population‐based study in Sweden
Authors: Jelenkovic Aline , Silventoinen Karri , Tynelius Per , Helle Samuli , Rasmussen Finn
Published: May 2014

In many mammal species with sexual dimorphism producing sons is energetically more demanding to the mother than producing daughters. Although some studies in humans have suggested that offspring born after a brother have a smaller birth weight and adult height when compared with those born after a sister, little is known about this intergenerational cost of producing sons. We aimed to study whether the sex of preceding sibling is associated with anthropometrics of the subsequent child at birth and in young adulthood. This population‐based study was carried out on two data sets derived from the Swedish registers. Information on birth weight and length was obtained for 752,723 children of both sexes. Adult weight, height and muscle strength were available for 506,326 men. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that boys and girls born after a brother were, respectively, 18 and 9 g lighter and 0.08 and 0.03 cm (P < 0.001) shorter at birth than those born after a sister. Adjustment for gestational age decreased the magnitude of the associations [10 g and 0.04 cm (P < 0.001) in men and nonsignificant estimates in women], suggesting that part of the lower mean birth weight and length of individuals born after a brother was due to a shorter gestation. In young adulthood, men with a preceding brother showed 0.16 kg more in weight, 0.3% higher body mass index (P < 0.001) and a trend towards reduced height and muscle strength. Our results suggest that even though the sex of the previous child is associated with the anthropometrics of the subsequent child, the effect sizes are very small questioning whether this mechanism has adaptive value in contemporary humans. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:471–478, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanically Driven Activation of Polyaniline into Its Conductive Form
Authors: Baytekin Bilge , Baytekin H. Tarik , Grzybowski Bartosz A.
Published: May 2014

Mechanical treatment of polymers produces surface cations and anions which, as demonstrated here for the first time, can drive chemical reactions. In particular, it is shown that such a mechanical treatment transforms nonconductive polyaniline into its conductive form. These results provide a mechanical means of patterning conductive polymers and also coating small polymer objects with conductive polyaniline films preventing accumulation of static electricity.
Silylative Cyclopropanation of Allyl Phosphates with Silylboronates
Authors: Shintani Ryo , Fujie Ryuhei , Takeda Momotaro , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: May 2014

A potassium‐bis(trimethylsilyl)amide‐mediated cyclopropanation of allyl phosphates with silylboronates has been developed. Unlike the reported copper‐catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, the nucleophile selectively attacks at the β‐position of the allylic substrates under the present reaction conditions. The mechanism of this process has also been investigated, thus indicating the involvement of a silylpotassium species as the active nucleophilic component.
Expanding the application field of post‐consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) through structural modification by reactive blending
Authors: Raffa Patrizio , Coltelli Maria‐Beatrice , Castelvetro Valter
Published: May 2014

With the aim of up‐grading the material properties of post‐consumer PET, making them suitable for extrusion of thermoformable thick sheets, a series of polyepoxy chain extenders have been comparatively evaluated as melt viscosity modifiers for a toughened compatibilized blend containing up to 80 wt % of bottle‐grade post‐consumer recycled poly(ethylene terephtalate) (r‐PET). Combinations of a commercial modifier with pentaerythritol were also successfully employed to cause simultaneous hyperbranching and controlled chain scission, thereby modifying the melt rheology of the material without excessively increasing the molecular weight, as highlighted by common technological melt viscosity measurements such as online torque and off‐line melt flow rate (MFR). Since the high melt fluidity of PET plays a critical role on its flame resistance, the combined effect of chain extenders and halogen‐free phosphorated additives on the fire resistance of the modified toughened blends was also investigated. Preliminary results indicate that the chemical reactions among polymer and additives must be taken into careful account to prevent unfavorable effects on the ultimate melt rheology and mechanical properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40881.