bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AMELIORATION OF ARSENIC-INDUCED TOXICITY BY ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF PHYLLANTUS AMARUS LINN AND VITAMIN C IN MALE ALBINO RATS
Authors: ADEYI O. E. , BABAYEMI D. O. , ADEYI A. O. , AKINWANDE O. O. , ODUNEWU A. A. , AMAEFULE O. F. , ADETORO G. T. , BADEJO A. R.
Published: August 2021

The ameliorative effect of ethanol leaf extract of Phyllantus amarus (EEPA) and vitamin C in arsenic-induced toxicity was studied. Thirty-six (36) male albino rats divided into six groups of six (6) rats each were used for the study. Arsenic toxicity was induced in three of the groups by daily intake of 100 ppm of arsenic as Dimethylarsenate (DMA) in their drinking water.  Two of the arsenic-exposed groups were treated with 200 and 500 mg/kg bwt of EEPA and vitamin C respectively. The third group was not treated during arsenic exposure. The fourth and fifth groups were positive control for P. amarus and Vitamin C respectively, while another group served as the normal control. All treatments were done orally for six weeks. The effects of treatments on lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and liver function were thereafter studied. Increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in plasma and lymphocytes of untreated arsenic-exposed rats compared to the control group. Arsenic increased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, while triacylglycerol concentration was reduced significantly. Treatments with EEPA and Vitamin C however ameliorated the dyslipidemia observed in arsenic-exposed groups. Exposure to DMA increased plasma activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the animals, while plasma activity of ALT in rats treated with Vitamin C was not different compared to the control. Both treatments however, had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the activity of plasma AST. P. amarus may therefore play a role in ameliorating arsenic-induced dyslipidemia in male albino rats.
EFFLUX MEDIATED MULTIDRUG RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES
Authors: AGU G. C. , THOMAS B. T. , SALAMI O. O. , POPOOLA O. D.
Published: August 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen and one of the leading causes of multi-drug resistant nosocomial infections. This study was therefore carried out to determine the resistance nature, and the role of efflux pump in multidrug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different environmental sources using the efflux pump inhibitor, Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). A total of 220 environmental samples were collected and processed following standard techniques. Susceptibility to antibiotics was performed using disc diffusion methods as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Activity of the efflux pump system was carried out using the efflux pump inhibitor, CCCP. Results obtained identified 100 (45.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 72 (32.7%) other strains of Pseudomonas spp. The susceptibility testing revealed that all the identified strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were subjected to susceptibility test were significantly resistant to ampicillin and cefotaxime, But the  resistance profile of isolates to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and perfloxacin were 93%, 72.1%, 79.1%, 58.1% and 51.2% respectively. However, imipenem was the most sensitive (100%), followed by cefepime (65%) and gentamicin (44%). Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazone decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the isolates by 2 folds. Results obtained have shown the ubiquitous presence of multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa from the environmental samples examined. Furthermore, it indicated the role of efflux pump in antibiotics resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates which indicate that P. aeruginosa strains from environmental sources could resist antibiotics by the efflux mechanism.
ESTADO ASMÁTICO EN PEDIATRÍA
Authors: Verscheure P Felipe
Published: August 2021

El estado asmático es una causa importante de morbilidad en Pediatría, debido al aumento de la incidencia de asma en la población infantil. Su mortalidad es relativamente baja, y se concentra principalmente en aquellos pacientes con asma aguda asfíctica y en el período peri-intubación endotraqueal en aquellos pacientes que lo requieren. El tratamiento tiene como pilares el uso de oxígeno, broncodilatadores y corticoides sistémicos, existiendo otras alternativas farmacológicas para niños que no responden a las medidas anteriores. El soporte ventilatorio no-invasivo permite mejorar el intercambio gaseoso y disminuir el trabajo respiratorio, reservando la ventilación mecánica invasiva solamente para niños en falla respiratoria grave refractaria a medidas anteriores, considerando la morbimortalidad asociada a ésta.
CONCEPTUAL ISSUES IN QUANTIFYING UNUSUALNESS AND CONCEIVING STOCHASTIC EXPERIMENTS: INSIGHTS FROM STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES IN DESIGNING SAMPLING SIMULATIONS
Authors: SALDANHA LUIS
Published: August 2021

This article reports on a classroom teaching experiment that engaged a group of high school students in designing sampling simulations within a computer microworld. The simulation-design activities aimed to foster students’ abilities to conceive of contextual situations as stochastic experiments, and to engage them with the logic of hypothesis testing. This scheme of ideas involves imagining a population and a sample drawn from it, and an image of repeated sampling as a basis for quantifying a sampling outcome’s unusualness in terms of long-run relative frequency under an assumption about the population’s composition. The study highlights challenges that students experienced, and sheds light on aspects of conceiving stochastic experiments and conceiving a sampling outcome’s unusualness as a probabilistic quantity.
First published November 2016 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
FLIPPING BETWEEN LANGUAGES? AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF THE USAGE BY SPANISH-SPEAKING ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNER TERTIARY STUDENTS OF A BILINGUAL PROBABILITY APPLET
Authors: LESSER LAWRENCE M. , WAGLER AMY E. , SALAZAR BERENICE
Published: August 2021

English language learners (ELLs) are a rapidly growing part of the student population in many countries. Studies on resources for language learners—especially Spanish-speaking ELLs—have focused on areas such as reading, writing, and mathematics, but not introductory probability and statistics. Semi-structured qualitative interviews investigated how a purposeful sample of six (Spanish-speaking) ELLs experienced a bilingual coin-flipping simulation applet (NLVM, 2015) and how students might use such resource to confront content misconceptions and language misunderstandings related to probability concepts covered in college introductory statistics courses. We discuss findings, limitations, directions for future research, and implications for teaching, such as handling the phrases “in the long run” and “longest run”.
First published November 2016 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
FORTHCOMING IASE CONFERENCES
Authors: BOROVCNIK MANFRED , PETOCZ PETER , PFANNKUCH MAXINE
Published: August 2021

Forthcoming IASE Conferences
First published November 2016 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
Towards Informed Use of the Pernkopf Atlas
Authors: Lax Leila
Published: August 2021

Knowledge of the dark history and inherent ethical dilemmas of Pernkopf's atlas is essential to individual decisions on use. Seventy-five years after the Holocaust, the legacy of Pernkopf’s Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy continues to unfold. Informed use of the atlas needs to be integrated in academia and in practice. This paper advocates for the adoption of The Vienna Protocol and improving informed use of the atlas by: (1) updating and inserting an information letter in as many volumes as possible, so that the history can be known before use; (2) conducting and publishing a research study within the medical art community, to examine knowledge of the history of the atlas and elevate awareness; and (3) creating a museum archive and permanent exhibition of the original anatomical illustrations, to document historical facts, disseminate visual evidence, and illuminate embedded controversies. Moving towards informed use, in these ways, provides opportunities for continued ethical discourse, personal reflection and future Holocaust education. Through informed use we memorialize and pay tribute to the Nazi victims portrayed in the atlas.

Image credit: Table of Contents image provided by the Medical University of Vienna, MUW-AD-003250-5-ABB-223.
РЕКОМЕНДУЕМЫЕ РЕЖИМЫ ТЕХНИЧЕCКОГО ОБCЛУЖИВAНИЯ И РЕМОНТA CAМОCВAЛОВ БОЛЬШОЙ ГРУЗОПОДЪЕМНОCТИ
Authors: Ибраев Адиль Серикович , Махашева Сымбат Салимовна , Азгалиев Жаксыгали Себепкалиевич , Нургалиев Ленур Максутович
Published: August 2021

Существенное влияние на экономику Республики Казахстан оказывает экспорт полезных ископаемых, в том числе полиметаллов. В большинстве случаев добыча полезных ископаемых, особенно руды, осуществляется открытым способом, с использованием техники и машин больших мощностей. Эксплуатация карьерной техники предполагает значительных сырьевых, энергетических, материальных и человеческих ресурсов. Все это способствует возникновению отрицательных факторов, воздействующих на людей и окружающую среду. Повышение уровня эксплуатации карьерной техники является необходимым условием эффективной работы производства. Затраты на техническое обслуживание и ремонт относятся к числу факторов, оказывающих значительное влияние на уровень расходов и определяющих производительность предприятия. В структуре транспортных расходов стоимость обслуживания и ремонта техники составляет 13%.
Prevalence of Neck Pain and its effects on Activities of Daily Living among dentists working in Faisalabad
Authors: Tariq Fatima , Kashif Muhammad , Mehmood Aiman , Quraishi Amna
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Chronic Neck Pain has become a severe health and socioeconomic problem in modern era. It is a leading cause of physical disability and about 70% of population experience neck pain in their lives. The neck pain is often associated with poor health, social disruption, psychological problems and previous neck injury. Dentists are at higher risk of musculoskeletal pain and disorders as they are vulnerable to mal-postures. There is still not enough data reported regarding prevalence of neck pain in dentists in different districts of Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of neck pain in the dentist community of Faisalabad and to report its effect on activities of daily living.
Material & Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted on 50 dentists working in government and private hospitals and clinics in Faisalabad from January to June 2018. Participants with a history of major trauma, major surgery and other co-morbidities were excluded. Data was collected by using neck pain disability index. The collected data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS 20.
Results: The response rate was 100%, out of 50 dentists 30 (60%) were males and 20 (40%) were females with mean age 35.6 ± 2.00 years (mean ± sd). Our study revealed that 31 (62%) of the dentists in Faisalabad suffered from neck pain and the remaining 19 (38%) had no neck pain. Severity of the pain was reported as 18 (36%) had mild pain and about disability 14 (28%) reported no disability while 24 (48%) had mild disabilities. The study indicated that activities of daily living including to recreational activities were affected differently due to severity of neck pain amongst these dentists.
Conclusion: Dentists in Faisalabad are prone to develop neck pain due to their working poor posture. Male dentists are more vulnerable to developing neck pain compared to their counterparts' female dentists. Long-working hours are the major contributing factors in neck pain amongst dentists.
Mycochemical Analysis and Prediction of Pleurotus Tuber-Regium’s (Pleurotaceae) Pharmacological Activities, A Food and Medicinal Fungi from Gabon
Authors: H.C. Eyi-Ndong , G. Iwangou , J.O. Orango-Bourdette
Published: August 2021

Pharmaceutical activities of a fungus depend on its bioactive compounds composition. Pleurotus tuber-regium (paleotropical species) is a fungus used in Gabon and throughout tropical Africa for its culinary and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to predict the therapeutic potential of this species, in particular of its carpophore and its sclerotia, based on the main chemical groups highlighted during the chemical screening of aqueous, hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic extracts. Chemical screening revealed that the three extracts (aqueous, hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic) prepared from the carpophore are rich in total polyphenols, alkaloids, coumarins and proanthocyanidins. Aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts are moderately rich in tannins and coumarins while the ethanolic extract is very rich in reducing sugars. About the sclerotia, the three extracts are rich in total polyphenols, alkaloids, reducing sugars and proanthocyanidins. Aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts are moderately rich in tannins, total flavonoids and coumarins. The dosage of phenolic compounds carried out on aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts confirmed the richness of this fungus in total polyphenols and proanthocyanidins, as well as its deficiency in flavonoids and tannins. The chemical groups thus identified in the carpophore and the sclerotium of P. tuber-regium allow to predict its antioxidant, antiallergic, antiplasmodial, anesthetic, analgesic, anticancer, vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and ant-mutagenic activities.
Socio-Cultural Portrait of Modern Gagaus Woman
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Subbotina Irina , Ostapenko Lubov ,   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

Based on the materials of ethno-sociological and ethno demographic studies from the Soviet and post-Soviet times, carried out by Russian and Moldavian scientists, the article presents a dynamic, socio-cultural image of a Gagauz woman. Different aspects of a modern woman’s life are considered: her life values, attitude to labour, education, wealth, marriage and family. The article also raises questions about religion, ethnic identity, language skills, labour migration of Gagauz women, the transformation of gender stereotypes in Gagauz society. Powerful globalization processes, socio-economic and spiritual crisis, a high level of impoverishment among the population, as well as the pandemic, have greatly affected the worldview system of people. In the Gagauz society, which is now at the stage of transitioning from a traditional to a modern type of society, the most important moral values and spiritual and moral orientations of women have embodied traditional as well as innovative features. The dynamics of the Gagauz women’s spiritual world is strongly influenced by social transformations related to international labour migration that has to a great extent changed the habitual gender roles in the Gagauz family, the existing models and stereotypes of men’s and women’s behavior, their statuses and relationships.
On the topicality of the ethnology of Sovietness in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, Dolghi Adrian
Published: August 2021

The article elucidates the establishment of a new direction of ethnological research in the Republic of Moldova – “Ethnology of Sovietness”, which refers to the research of „Soviet culture” from an ethnological perspective. The very term Sovietness means the directed transformations of the Soviet tradition and culture created by the totalitarian communist system in the USSR. The article also reflects the fact that some researchers approach Soviet culture as a „specific traditional culture” and opt for safeguarding it, as is the case with all traditional cultures, while other researchers appreciate Soviet culture as repressive and exclusive, inauthentic, created on false utopian ideological principles, meant to build a new social and cultural community. In the author’s opinion, in a democratic society, the culture created in totalitarianism can no longer survive without being ideologically nurtured, and without being imposed by dictation. However, elements of Soviet culture are still perpetuated to this day. And, the mission of „Ethnology of Sovietness” is not to preserve a totalitarian culture, but to elucidate the guided transformations that have taken place, the mechanisms of influence on social and ethno-cultural identity, the invented Soviet tradition, everyday life, etc., in order to understand the authentic cultural values of today, which can develop the individual and communities based on the cultural matrix
Traditional family rites of the Ukrainians of Podolia: archaic elements of а cultural text
Authors:   Vinnytsia M. Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Gorofyanyuk Inna
Published: August 2021

Podolia is an ethnographic region of Ukraine, which is known for active interethnic contacts for many centuries, which, on the one hand, have systematically enriched the Podolsk spiritual and material culture, and on the other hand, in various spheres of the traditional culture of the Podolians, there is a preservation of many Slavic archaic elements. The article presents the archaic elements of the traditional culture of the Ukrainians of Podolia in traditional family rituals – birthlore, wedding and funeral on the material of the verbal component of the cultural text. Field records of dialectal texts, made by the author in 2006–2014 in more than 100 villages of Vinnitsa region served as empirical basis of the study. The family rites texts attest the realization of the main semantic oppositions of the Slavic picture of the world: "top" – "bottom", "full" – "empty", "own" – "alien". The motives of the cult of ancestors, deception of death, syncretism of agrarian and family rituals are elements of the archaic, which constitute an essential part of the folk consciousness and beliefs of the Podolians. Several fragments of the folk culture of the Ukrainians of Podolia presented in the article through the prism of the comparative typological analysis, with the involvement of data from other Slavic traditions, signal the preservation of the general archaic fund of the spiritual culture of the Slavs
Romanian a cinsti in the light of some Romanian-Slavic contacts
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, Romanchuk Aleksey
Published: August 2021

A group of Slavic loanwords with epenthetic /n/ in the Romanian language, to which a cinsti belongs, is considered. Interpreting the existing set of facts, the author supposes that the semantic convergence between the Slavic честь ‘honour’ and угощение ‘treat’appeared as far back as the Late Slavic period. The Romanian a cinsti, which is an early Slavic borrowing, also clearly testifies Slavic origin of this semantic convergence. Accordingly, the Ukrainian частувати and Polish częstowac appeared independently from each other, as well as from the Romanian a cinsti. Whereas the Romanian a cinsti (and cinste), as well as the whole group of Slavic loanwords in the Romanian language with the epenthetic sound /n/, are the result of early contacts of the Romanian language with some late Slavic dialect (or dialects), which was characterized by a tendency of widespread epenthetic nasal vowels. We can suppose that some traces of this for-Slavic dialect (dialects) could also be found in the Carpathian Ukrainian dialects as well. In particular, such traces, perhaps, should include both the Ukrainian dialectal чандрий, шандрий, чендрий and another Ukrainian dialectal form, recorded in the Bulaesti village, /мон|золетеи / ‘procrastinate; fiddling around in vain’ (in Russian: ‘мусолить; впустую теребить’).
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP ANAK TENTANG KESEHATAN GIGI DENGAN KEJADIAN KARIES GIGI PADA SISWA KELAS IV DAN V DI SD INPRES KEMIRI SENTANI
Authors: Iklen Gerson , Kismiyati Kismiyati , Patungo Viertianingsih
Published: August 2021

Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada anak. Karies gigi dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Faktor penyebab utama adalah interaksi antara host (gigi dan saliva), mikroorganisme, substrat dan waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap anak tentang kesehatan gigi dengan kejadian karies gigi pada siswa kelas IV dan V di SD Inpres Kemiri Sentani. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV dan V yang berusia 9-13 tahun yang berjumlah 110 anak, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Stratified Random Sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner pengetahuan tentang karies gigi, kuesioner sikap tentang karies gigi, dan lembar observasi karies gigi. Teknik analisis menggunakan uji chi square, dengan tingkat kepercayaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak yang memiliki pengetahuan baik tentang karies gigi yaitu 104 responden (94,5%), sedangkan anak yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang tentang karies gigi yaitu responden 6 (5,5%). Anak yang memiliki sikap baik tentang karies gigi yaitu 108 responden (98,2%), sedangkan anak dengan sikap kurang tentang kesehataan gigi yaitu 2 responden (1,8%). Kemudian anak yang memiliki karies gigi yaitu 82 responden (74,5%) dan anak yang tidak memiliki karies gigi yaitu 28 responden (25,5%). Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan pengetahuan anak dengan kejadian karies gigi dengan (p = 0,649), begitupun dengan sikap anak dengan kejadian karies gigi tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p = 0,421).Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, Sikap, Anak, Kesehatan Gigi, dan Karies Gigi
HUBUNGAN ANTARA RESPON KEHILANGAN DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA LANSIA DI PANTI BINA LANJUT USIA JAYAPURA
Authors: Tanarubun Syahafiah , Suriyani Suriyani , Ampulembang Risna
Published: August 2021

Kehilangan adalah kejadian secara universal yang sifatnya unik bagi setiap individu yang mengalami suatu pengalaman dalam kehidupannya, sedangkan tingkat kecemasan merupakan manifestasi dari respon kehilangan yang dirasakan atau dialami secara emosional oleh seseorang dengan objek ancaman yang tidak begitu jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan respon kehilangan dengan tingkat kecemasan pada lansia. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 27-28 Juni 2016 di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia Jayapura. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan total sampling sebanyak 43 lansia. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner dan analisa data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respon kehilangan pada lansia di Panti yang menerima 42 lansia (100%), dimana mayoritas mengalami kecemasan normal 38 lansia (90,5%) dan yang mengalami kecemasan ringan 4 lansia (9,5%). Lansia yang merespon kehilangan dengan kategori tidak menerima kehilangannya ada 1 lansia (100%), dimana lansia ini mengalami kecemasan ringan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan Adanya hubungan yang kuat antara respon kehilangan dengan tingkat kecemasan pada lansia di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia (p=0,004).Diharapkan bagi lansia dapat menghadapi respon kehilangan secara adaptif.
HUBUNGAN BEBAN KERJA DENGAN STRES KERJA PERAWAT BERBASIS TEORI BURNOUT SYNDROME DI RUANG DAHLIA RSUD JOMBANG
Authors: Kristyaningsih Yuli , Wijaya Arif
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan  Beban kerja sangat berkaitan dengan stres kerja, karena dengan meningkatnya beban kerja memungkinkan  meningkatnya emosi perawat. Tujuan penelitian  untuk mengetahui hubungan beban kerja dengan stres kerja perawat. Metode penelitian  menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi semua perawat di ruang Dahlia RSUD Jombang dengan simple random sampling dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 44 responden. Variabel independen yaitu beban kerja dan variabel dependen yaitu stres kerja perawat. Instrument penelitian dengan kuesioner dan analisa menggunakan spearman rank. Hasil penelitian  sebagian besar perawat memiliki beban kerja ringan dengan 26 perawat (59,1%), stres kerja ringan sebagian responden dengan 27 perawat (61,4%), hampir setengahnya responden memiliki beban kerja ringan dengan stres kerja ringan dengan 27 perawat (61,4%). Kesimpulan  beban kerja dengan stres kerja perawat di ruang Dahlia RSUD Jombang berbasis teori burnout syndrome rata-rata dalam kategori ringan, sehingga stres kerja ada hubungan antara beban kerja perawat, karena jika beban kerja terlalu sedikit ataupun banyak dapat memicu timbulnya stres pada perawat. Rekomendasi untuk beban kerja dengan stres kerja yang diberikan sebaiknya disesuaikan dengan profesinya dan kemampuan yang dimiliki perawat tersebut.

Kata Kunci     : Beban Kerja, Stres Kerja, Perawat, Burnout Syndrome.
PENGARUH KOMPRES RIMPANG BANGLE (Zingiber Purpureum Roxb.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN INTENSITAS NYERI PADA PENDERITA OSTEOARTHRITIS (Dusun Lebak Kecamatan Malo Kabupaten Bojonegoro)
Authors: Hartini Hartini , Hariyono Hariyono , Indrawati Ucik
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan : Osteoarthritis merupakan penyakit tersering yang menyebabkan timbulnya nyeri dan disabilitas gerakan. Osteoarthritis lebih banyak ditemukan pada perempuan jika dibandingkan dengan laki-laki yaitu 68,67%. Osteoarthritis dapat menyerang semua sendi, namun predileksi yang tersering adalah pada sendi-sendi yang menanggung beban berat badan seperti panggul, lutut, dan sendi tulang belakang bagian lumbal bawah. Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh kompres rimpang bangle terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri osteoarthritis di Dusun Lebak. Metode : Desain penelitian Quasi eksperimen dengan one group pre test – post test desain jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian penderita oesteoarthritis di Dusun Lebak sejumlah 60,  sampel 56 responden, menggunakan simple random sampling. Variabel independent kompres rimpang bangle (zingiber purpureum roxb.) dan variabel dependen penurunan intensitas nyeri osteoarthritis, pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi. Uji statistiknya  menggunakan uji statistic Wilcoxon.  Hasil : Hasil penelitian tingkat  intensitas nyeri osteoarthritis sebelum diberikan kompres rimpang bangle (zingiber purpureum roxb.)  adalah sebagian besar nyeri berat  sejumlah 46  responden (82,1%) . Tingkat intensitas sesudah diberikan kompres rimpang bangle (zingiber purpureum roxb.) adalah sebagian besar Nyeri sedang  sejumlah 36  responden  (63,4%). Berdasarkan uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi p=0,000 < α (0,05) , sehingga H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Kesimpulan : Kesimpulan ada pengaruh kompres rimpang bangle (zingiber purpureum roxb.)  terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri pada penderita osteoarthritis di Dusun Lebak Kecamatan Malo Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Saran : Dengan adanya penggunaan kompres rimpang bangle (zingiber purpureum roxb) diharapkan dapat membantu mengurangi intensitas nyeri pada penderita osteoarthritis di Dusun Lebak.

Kata Kunci : Osteoarthritis , Rimpang Bangle, Intensitas Nyeri
TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PERAWAT DALAM IMPLEMENTASI FIVE MOMENTS CUCI TANGAN DI RSUD YOWARI KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Pangaribuan Risma , Patungo Viertianingsih , Sudarman Sudarman
Published: August 2021

Five moments for hand hygiene atau five moments cuci tangan merupakan salah satu upaya pencegahan penularan infeksi dari setiap tindakan yang dilakukan oleh petugas kesehatan. Angka kejadian infeksi di rumah sakit (infeksi nosokomial) ini disebabkan adanya faktor endogen (umur, jenis kelamin, penyakit penyerta, daya tahan tubuh, kondisi-kondisi lokal) atau faktor eksogen (lama penderita dirawat, kelompok yang merawat, alat medis, lingkungan). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan perawat dalam implementasi five moments cuci tangan di RSUD Yowari Kabupaten Jayapura. Metode enelitian yaitu penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan non participant observation. Kuesioner menggunakan lembar observasi five moments for hand hygiene dari WHO. Jumlah sampel 30 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Ruang Rawat Bedah dan Ruang ICU, pada bulan November 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kepatuhan perawat dalam implementasi five moments cuci tangan pada kategori patuh 5 orang (16.7%) dan tidak patuh 25 orang (83.3%). Selain itu juga peneliti menemukan bahwa implementasi five moments cuci tangan masih rendah terutama pada moments pertama (sebelum kontak dengan pasien), kedua (sebelum melakukan prosedur aseptik), dan kelima (setelah menyentuh peralatan disekitar lingkungan). Kesimpulan penelitian yaitun tingkat kepatuhan perawat sebagian besar berada pada kategori tidak patuh, sehingga masih perlunya peningkatan pengetahuan dan kebiasaan five moments cuci tangan pada setiap perawat. Rumah sakit juga dapat memicu peningkatan kebiasaan ini dengan menggunakan sistem reward sebagai daya tarik bagi para perawat dalam menjalankan kepatuhan dalam melakukan five moments cuci tangan.Kata Kunci: Kepatuhan, Perawat, Five Moments Cuci Tangan
PENGARUH RELAKSASI PROGRESIF TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH TINGGI PADA LANSIA
Authors: Puspitasari Maharani Tri
Published: August 2021

Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama penyakit-penyakit kardiovaskuler yang menyebabkan kematian tertinggi di Indonesia. Relaksasi progresif merupakan intervensi untuk mengendalikan hipertensi yang tidak menimbulkan efek samping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh relaksasi progresif terhadap penurunan tekanan darah tinggi pada lansia di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Kabupaten Jombang. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan (Pre-Experimental) dengan pendekatan one-group pra test-post test desaign. Variable dependennya adalah tekanan darah tinggi, sedangkan variable independennya adalah relaksasi progresif. Pengambilan sample dengan menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling, jumlah populasi sebanyak 32 responden dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 20 responden. Untuk menguji pengaruh relaksasi progresif antar variabel menggunakan uji statistic  wilcoxon tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Berdasarkan uji statistik wilcoxon dengan tingkat signifikan α = 0,05, untuk tekanan darah setelah observasi hari ketiga didapatkan nilai signifikan ρ =0,000 (α<0,05) sehingga Ho ditolak, berarti ada pengaruh relaksasi progresif terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Disimpulkan ada pengaruh pemberian relaksasi progresif terhadap penurunan tekanan darah tinggi pada lansia di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Kabupaten Jombang. Sehingga relaksasi progresif dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi untuk menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi pada lansia.

Kata Kunci: Lansia, Relaksasi Progresif, Tekanan Darah Tinggi
Effect of drying methods on the nutritional content and In- vitro Antioxidant capacity of Chenopodium album L. and Spinacia oleracea L.
Authors: Singh Sonia , Agrawal Neetu
Published: August 2021

The herbs, Chenopodium album Linn. and Spinacia oleracea Linn. belongs to Chenopodiaceae family, are the two nutritious and edible green leafy food crops, abundantly found especially in the northern-west region of India. These plants have gained renown popularity, because of their high nutritional content including protein, amino acids, carbohydrate, and even the presence of phenolic components, which ultimately may get affected with drying and storage techniques. Impact of different drying methods (microwave drying at 4 minutes, hot air oven drying at 5 hours and sun drying at 8-10 hours) on nutrient quality and antioxidant property of Chenopodium album Linn. and Spinacia oleracea Linn. leaves were evaluated by using UV spectrophotometritc assay, total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenger method. Drying treatments were significantly decreased the moisture, carbohydrate and protein content present in C.album and S. oleracea. Hot air oven drying method produced dried samples of C.album and S. oleracea had significantly similar antioxidant activity when compared with the samples obtained from sun drying method. The dried samples obtained from hot air oven drying technique showed significant presence of total phenolic content in C. album and S. oleracea (6.44±0.12 mg/g, 6.69±0.40 mg/g) whilst the traditional sun drying method produced 8.00±0.02 mg/g and 7.89±0.37 mg/g). It is concluded that microwave drying and hot air oven drying were the methods to preserve appreciable percentage of nutrient components compared to the fresh samples. On other hand, the traditional method produced substantial reduction of nutrient quality. From statistical analysis, hot air oven drying technique was considered as optimum method which showed satisfactory % retention of protein (65.86%) and carbohydrate (85.95%) at 5 hours (shorter time than sun drying time period) along with significant antioxidant activity (34.89 μg/mL and 35.60 μg/mL) similar as obtained from the traditional technique (32.00 μg/mL).
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Hypertensive patients:
A Perspective Observative Study
Authors: Kumar T. Praveen , P. Prashanthi , Sabiya Shaik , Eswaraiah M. Chinna
Published: August 2021

Congestive heart disease (CHD) is considered to be the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both gender groups in developed and developing countries. Hypertension is one of the main mortality risks and is attributed to over 45% of all deaths from CHD. The main objective of our work was to evaluate cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients attending a tertiary care hospital in the Khammam region. The study was a prospective observational study conducted over an 8-month period from June 2019 to January 2020. 192 subjects were selected based on the inclusion criteria. CVD risk was assessed using Q Risk 3 software and the results were presented as CVD risk and relative risk. The same number of men and women (96) was selected in the study to evaluate the influence of gender on CVD risk. Other risk factors such as BMI, marital status, literacy rate, occupation, physical activity and lifestyle were assessed to determine CVD risk. Abnormal HTN values were found in 66 men and 63 women. Age progression was found to be an important factor in CVD risk in both men and women. Social status and literacy rates in patients over 50 have also been found to cause CVD risk. Our study showed that physical inactivity, eating habits, obesity, smoking, alcohol and hypertension had a direct effect on cardiovascular risk.
Extraction of Metadata from Images
Authors: S Rohit , Nachappa M N
Published: August 2021

Metadata is defined as the information providing data about one or more faces of the data. It is used to abridge basic indication about data which can make pursuing and working with specific data easier. The idea of metadata is often prolonged to involve words or phrases that stand for objects or “objects” in the world, leading to the notion of unit extraction. In this paper, I am proposing extracting the metadata of the files user inputs to the system, this can be achieved using Flask as the web platform and Python programming language, our goal is to make a free and lightweight metadata extractor which is more efficient and user friendly.
Review and Updating: Anurans (Amphibia) of Bihar and Jharkhand, India, with some new records from Jehanabad (Bihar) and their role as potential biological controllers
Authors:   Zoological Survey of India, Husain Akhlaq , Hasan Wajid ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jehanabad, BAU, Sabour, India
Published: August 2021

Present review is meant to update and bring the scattered records of anuran species from Bihar and Jharkhand at one place. A total of 22 valid species (19 from Bihar and 15 from Jharkhand) have been recorded from the existing literature and present new records from Jehanabad (Bihar) are dealt herewith in detail (relevant synonyms, common names, diagnostic features, size, altitudinal records, distribution in Bihar (including new records from Jahanabad), Jharkhand, rest of India and elsewhere and conservation status of each species and their role as potential biological controllers). Variations found in some morphological characters of species studied by various workers from different locations have been recorded.
Morpho-molecular characterization of Bipolaris and Exserohilum spp. infecting various agricultural crops
Authors:   Shri Ram College of Ch. Charan Singh University, Muzaffarnagar-251001, Uttar Pradesh, India, Singh Seema , Sharma Sneha ,   Shri Ram College of Ch. Charan Singh University, Muzaffarnagar-251001, Uttar Pradesh, India, Ali Aaqib ,   Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India, Kandan A ,   Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru-560 024, Karnataka, India, Kumar Pardeep ,   Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India, Akhtar Jameel ,   Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India
Published: August 2021

The study was undertaken with major objective to differentiate fungal isolates belonging to various species of Bipolaris and Exserohilum infecting various agricultural crops. After routine isolation and purification of more than 35 attempts, 13 isolates were morphologically characterized into 8 species namely, Bipolaris cynodontis (IQBC-1 and DQBC-2), B. holmii (IQBH-1), B. micropus (IQBM-1), B. oryzae (DQBO-1, DQBO-2), B. sorghicola (DQBS-1, DQBS-2), B. tetramera (DQBT-1, DQBT-2), Exserohilum longirostrata (IQEL-1) and E. rostratum (DQER-1 and DQER-2). Molecular characterization of all the isolates using RAPD, ISSR and URP markers also revealed genetic variation. Out of 24 RAPD primers, only 9 (OPA-2, OPA-4, OPA-9, OPB-4, OPB-8, OPC-1, OPC-2, OPC-5 and OPE-5) could amplify the DNA sequence showing good polymorphism. Out of 20 ISSR primers, only 6 (ISSR 1, ISSR 13, ISSR 15, ISSR 17, ISSR 19 and ISSR 20) could show good polymorphism. Out of 13 URPs, only 5 (URP 4R, URP 6R, URP 9F, URP 13R and URP 38F) could amplify with a greater number of bands. In all the three makers, similarity matrix value using Jaccard’s coefficient ranged from 0.149 to 0.548 revealing genetic co-relation among isolates. Combined clustering of RAPD, ISSR and URP data showed relatively low genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 14.92 to 54.76 among isolates which revealed stronger co-relation among isolates. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA provided a clear resolution of relationship among all the 13 isolates belong to 6 Bipolaris and 2 Exserohilum species and confirmed the morphological characterization of the same. Further, molecular markers especially, RAPD, ISSR and URP have revolutionized the genetic analysis of plant pathogens including fungi and their application can greatly help in characterizing related genera and delineation of inter and intra-species complex of fungi.
Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) an emerging problem in pointed gourd in Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India: a serious threat
Authors:   ICAR-NCIPM, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India, Sehgal Mukesh , Srivastava D.S. ,   ICAR-KVK –II Katia, Sitapur, Utter Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, India, Malik Meenakshi ,   ICAR-NCIPM, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India, Singh Anand ,   ICAR-KVK –II Katia, Sitapur, Utter Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: August 2021

Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita has emerged as one of the serious threats to vegetable production throughout the world due to its adaptable nature, wide host range, and ability to cause huge losses. The losses caused by a root-knot nematode, M. incognita may vary from 16 to 80%. The various diagnostic symptoms are stunted growth, yellowing, root gall formation of the vegetable crop. A survey was conducted in Sitapur district and it was revealed that root-knot nematode is one of the serious threats in pointed gourd production, approximately 20 to 50% yield was recorded and it was observed that it is one of the limiting factors and will be a serious threat. The diagnostic symptoms degree depends upon several factors such as time of infection, variety, a load of inoculums, and abiotic factors such as soil type, texture, moisture, pH, carbon content, etc. Farmers were advised to use eco-friendly approaches such as removal of weeds, summer plowing, use of organic amendments and resistant cultivar may reduce the nematode population.
Storage behaviour of the pickle prepared from various cultivars of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)
Authors:   Amity Business School, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow – 226 028 (U.P.) India, Kumar Rajendra
Published: August 2021

The aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) is commonly referred to as a "Miracle Fruit for the Health", owing to the high nutritious and therapeutic value of its fruits. But the fresh fruits are not ingested freely due to the astringent taste caused by fruit tannins. In production and acreage under aonla cultivation Uttar Pradesh is the leading state in the country. The study aims to understand the storage behaviour of the pickle prepared from the aonla fruit. Pickle was prepared from the eight aonla cultivars viz - Kanchan, Banarasi, Krishna, Chakaiya, NA – 8, NA – 7, NA – 6, and NA – 9. Physicochemical characters (such vitamin 'C' (ascorbic acid), total soluble solids (T.S.S.), browning, and acidity), and sensory/organoleptic scores were recorded at the monthly interval during storage. The result showed that the aonla pickle is acceptable up to nine months thereafter, reduction was noted in the physicochemical and organoleptic scores. Among all cultivars tested, NA-7 was found to be ideal for pickle preparation.
CRISPR-based genome editing: Catching impossibles for citrus improvements
Authors:   ICAR Central Citrus Research Institute, Amravati Road, Nagpur-440033, Maharashtra, India, Prasanth Jagannadham , Anbalagan Thirugnanavel
Published: August 2021

Citrus is globally one of the major fruit crops, occupying a place of prominence in international trade and tariff through horticultural commodities. Despite such distinction, citrus crop is confronted with a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby, sustaining production is always a daunting task. The genome size of citrus is rather small, ranging from 265 to 400 MB, probably an advantage for controlled trait specific editing. The evolution of next generation sequencing has facilitated the whole genome sequencing of as many 10 citrus species with 16 draft genome sequences, offering near future possibility to develop genome tailored citrus species or inducing the desired genetic transformation to address the issues chronically ailing commercial citrus cultivation in India, which is by no mean, a simple task to accomplish. Despite genetically intrinsic challenges involved in generating transgenics in perennial crop like citrus, several transgenics have been developed in namely, sweet orange, lemon, and grapefruit loaded with some useful traits. But, the public perception and the time taken to develop trangenics in citrus and less success ratio led the researchers adapt alternate ways. Of late, the thumping success of genome editing tools, especially Clustered. Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system has provided a new molecular tailoring machine for citrus improvement. In several citrus species like sweet orange, pummelo, and grapefruit CRISPR-Cas9 system has resulted in value added multiple traits-based transgenics. However, the major drawback of the CRISPR/Cas9 system is the generation of significant off-target cleavage sites as a result of complexing of gRNA with mismatched complementary target DNA within the genome. The use of CRISPR as genome editing technology is anticipated to induce many desired traits in citrus in years to come with more commercial applications in field for changed canopy structure, root traits, regular bearing, extended fruit maturity, besides multiple disease resistance.
Public Pressure, Temptation of Power and Unconstitutional Actions in the War Against Terrorism in Kenya: Suggesting a Link
Authors: Yongo Cecil
Published: August 2021

The reaction of the government in Kenya, like many other governments around the world, to terrorist attacks has generally been to strengthen existing laws and enact novel laws, especially those that aid the state’s intelligence-gathering capabilities, along with those that are punitive. In some cases, even in Kenya, States have taken, or have attempted to take, extra-Constitutional and unconstitutional actions. This is the approach that this paper characterises as arising from ‘temptation of power’, and in that regard, this interdisciplinary paper is—through an analysis of scholarship in law, sociology and information/ communication—an attempt to investigate the origin, results and wisdom of such an approach in the war against terror, its effect on the rule of law and minority rights in society; and propose why and how it can be avoided.
Terrorism as a form of Imperialism: A Case for the Rule of Law
Authors: Kimari Brian
Published: August 2021

The war on terror is indeed justified. Terror attacks have resulted in the deaths of many innocent people around the world. Every nation in fact has a duty to protect her citizens from terror attacks and put up measures to prevent and punish terrorists. However, the government also has a duty to uphold the rule of law at all times despite the gravity of the attacks. This paper disputes arguments that terrorism is so novel and so grave that the rule of law can be sacrificed in order to deal with it. This position fails since terrorism is not a novel challenge and further because terrorism manifests itself as a form of imperialism, which is a challenge that has several times been dealt with in world history. Terrorism does not change the normal rules of criminal procedure and thus the rule of law should not be suspended in the name of counter-terrorism.
Perspective on the Doctrine of the Separation of Powers Based on the Response to Court Orders in Kenya
Authors: Kibet Emmanuel , Wangeci Kimberly
Published: August 2021

The Constitution of Kenya provides that the sovereign power of the people shall be vested in the executive, the legislature and the judiciary, reflecting the democratic ideal that if power is concentrated in the hands of a few, it is prone to misuse. This provision aims to safeguard against arbitrary and capricious governance and the abuse of power. In the new constitutional order, there has been instances of tensions between the judiciary and the other arms of government. Unfortunate incidents of members of the Legislature referring to court orders as stupid and idiotic with blatant disregard for court orders have been witnessed. In a government whose legitimacy is vindicated by a court, it is ironical to observe a selective attitude towards respecting subsequent court orders. This paper aims to consider the disregard of court orders against the backdrop of the separation of powers and other relevant principles of constitutionalism.