bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LncRNA LINC01703 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer by activating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Xu Yuanhui , Jia Keliang , Zhao Xianhai , Li Yuantao , Zhang Zhen
Published: December 2023

The role of LINC01703 in cancers, especially in colorectal cancer (CRC), is still largely unclear. Bioinformatics prediction, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo (‐z‐y1)−3,5‐di‐phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay, colony formation assay, Transwell assays, in vivo animal experiments, IF, luciferase reporter assay, and Western blot were carried out for the exploration of the potential involvement and underlying molecular mechanisms of LINC01703 in CRC cells. The results showed that LINC01703 appeared upregulated in CRC and was linked to poor prognosis. LINC01703 acted as an oncogene in both in vitro and in vivo CRC cell environments. LINC01703 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by mediating the miR‐205‐5p/E2F1 axis in CRC. In summary, LINC01703 possesses an oncogenic function and can be a possible biomarker or target to treat CRC.
Effects of body part thickness on low‐contrast detail detection and radiation dose during adult chest radiography
Authors: Al‐Murshedi Sadeq , Alzyoud Kholoud , Benhalim Mohamed , Alresheedi Nadi , Papathanasiou Stamatia , England Andrew
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Differences in patient size often provide challenges for radiographers, particularly when choosing the optimum acquisition parameters to obtain radiographs with acceptable image quality (IQ) for diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the effect of body part thickness on IQ in terms of low‐contrast detail (LCD) detection and radiation dose when undertaking adult chest radiography (CXR).

Methods

This investigation made use of a contrast detail (CD) phantom. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was utilised to approximate varied body part thicknesses (9, 11, 15 and 17 cm) simulating underweight, standard, overweight and obese patients, respectively. Different tube potentials were tested against a fixed 180 cm source to image distance (SID) and automatic exposure control (AEC). IQ was analysed using bespoke software thus providing an image quality figure inverse (IQFinv) value which represents LCD detectability. Dose area product (DAP) was utilised to represent the radiation dose.

Results

IQFinv values decreased statistically (P = 0.0001) with increasing phantom size across all tube potentials studied. The highest IQFinv values were obtained at 80 kVp for all phantom thicknesses (2.29, 2.02, 1.8 and 1.65, respectively). Radiation dose increased statistically (P = 0.0001) again with increasing phantom thicknesses.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that lower tube potentials provide the highest IQFinv scores for various body part thicknesses. This is not consistent with professional practice because radiographers frequently raise the tube potential with increased part thickness. Higher tube potentials did result in radiation dose reductions. Establishing a balance between dose and IQ, which must be acceptable for diagnosis, can prevent the patient from receiving unnecessary additional radiation dose.
Characterizing enterovirus C96 genome and phylodynamics analysis
Authors: Yang Tingting , Sun Qiang , Yan Dongmei , Zhu Shuangli , Ji Tianjiao , Xiao Jinbo , Lu Huanhuan , Liu Ying , He Yun , Wang Wenhui , Cong Ruyi , Wang Xiaoyi , Yang Qian , Xing Weijia , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2023

Enterovirus C96 (EV‐C96) is a recently discovered serotype belonging to enterovirus C species. It had been isolated from patients with acute flaccid paralysis, hand, foot, and mouth disease, diarrhea, healthy people, or environmental specimens. Despite increasing reports of the virus, the small number of full‐length genomes available for EV‐C96 has limited molecular epidemiological studies. In this study, newly collected rare EV‐C96 strains in China from 1997 to 2020 were combined with sequences available in GenBank for comprehensive analyses. Sequence analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequence similarity of EV‐C96 and the prototype strain (BAN00‐10488) was 75%–81.8% and the amino acid sequence similarity was 85%–94.9%. EV‐C96 had a high degree of genetic variation and could be divided into 15 genogroups. The mean evolutionary rate was 5.16 × 10−3 substitution/site/year, and the most recent common ancestor was dated to 1925. A recombination analysis revealed that EV‐C96 may be a recombinant derived from other serotypes in the EV‐C group in the nonstructural protein coding region. This comprehensive and integrated analysis of the whole genome sequence of EV‐C96 provides valuable data for further studies on the molecular epidemiology of EV‐C96 worldwide.
Co‐evolution of governance mechanisms and coopetition in public‐private projects
Authors: Rouyre Audrey , Fernandez Anne‐Sophie , Estrada Isabel
Published: December 2023

One important question in public‐private (PP) projects is how to manage coopetition—simultaneous cooperation and competition among project members. Prior studies on the governance of PP projects showed the importance of governance mechanisms to deal with major events such as technical or organizational disruptions but paid limited attention to the management of coopetition. At the same time, research on the management of coopetition mostly focused on industrial coopetition, whereas PP projects also entail public‐private coopetition. Seeking to better understand how governance mechanisms may help manage coopetition in PP projects, we conducted an in‐depth study of Galileo—a large PP project aimed at delivering Europe's own satellite‐based navigation system. The findings show how three core aspects of project governance—(i) mechanisms (joint vs. separate use of contractual and relational mechanisms), (ii) form (lead organization vs. shared governance), and (iii) goals (to promote cooperation and/or prevent competition)—jointly explained the emergence and (mis)management of knowledge‐ and value‐related coopetitive tensions. In turn, these tensions prompted a series of adaptations in the governance of the project. Our study contributes to a co‐evolutionary understanding of the governance of PP projects and offers implications for practitioners seeking to (re)design PP project governance.
Variability of internal standard method calibration factors estimated with a multifactorial Taguchi experiment in the analysis of alcoholic products by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Authors: Korban Anton , Čabala Radomír , Egorov Vladimir , Bosáková Zuzana
Published: December 2023

This study compares the variability of relative response factors (RRFs) using Taguchi's multifactorial analysis for two internal standard (IS) methods in gas chromatography (GC) for quality control of alcoholic products. Methods where either ethanol or pentan‐1‐ol was used as an IS were compared. For ten volatile substances prescribed by legislation, the RRFs of both methods were compared under 27 different experimental conditions. The influence of parameters (control factors) such as ethanol content in the matrix, analyte concentration, injected volume, injector temperature, split ratio, and flame ionization detector temperature was evaluated. The selected control factors had values at one of the three levels to cover the commonly used ranges of their settings in the measuring system and to characterize the majority of alcoholic products commonly analyzed in practice. The obtained results showed that the biggest differences in the variability of the results between the two methods were found for the most strictly controlled substances in alcoholic products, acetaldehyde, and methanol, where the application of ethanol as an IS provides clearly better results. For both methods, the way control factors affect the repeatability of GC measurements expressed in the form of relative deviation was also evaluated.
When health care sickens the health care worker: Commentary on Park et al. (2023)
Authors: Lederer Wolfgang
Published: December 2023

In their survey, Park and colleagues (2023) reported that many health care and hospital workers perceived that their safety was not a priority during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with 33.9% of responders feeling betrayed by institutional leaders. Employees of the health care system reported being viewed more as servants than specialists during the pandemic, and they noted that critical assessment and the expression of one's own opinion were unwelcome (Lederer, 2023). A lack of epidemiologic knowledge was compensated with the inflexible strategy of a hierarchical system. Opting out of testing and vaccination justified exposure, discrimination, and humiliation. Paternalism, a lack of esteem, and complete exhaustion further contributed to the physical and mental health toll of the pandemic on health care and hospital workers.
Preoperative Imaging in Patients with 22q11 Deletion Syndrome Undergoing Velopharyngeal Surgery
Authors: Duckett Kelsey A. , Poupore Nicolas S. , Carroll William W. , Pecha Phayvanh P.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate the utility of preoperative imaging before velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) surgery in children with 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22qDS) in evaluating internal carotid artery (ICA) medialization.

Data Sources

PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL.

Review Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was performed. Studies of children with 22qDS who underwent preoperative imaging (MRA or CTA) to identify ICA anomalies were included. High‐risk medialized ICAs were defined as either submucosal, retropharyngeal, Pfeiffer Grade III‐IV, or <3 mm from the pharyngeal mucosa. Meta‐analyses of proportions were performed.

Results

Eleven studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 398 patients with 22qDS (weighted mean age 7.6 years). In 372 patients with imaging, the rate of ICA medialization on imaging was 47.1% (95%CI 29.2–65.5), of which 46.3% (95%CI 27.4–65.8) were determined high risk. Operative plans were modified in 19.4% (95%CI 5.7–38.8) of 254 surgeries due to medialized ICA. In studies attempting to use nasopharyngoscopy pulsations to identify medialization for 214 patients, the true‐positive rate was 53.9% (95%CI 27.5–79.2) and the false‐positive rate was 16.2% (95%CI 7.9–26.8). Nine of eleven studies (81.8%) recommended universal preoperative imaging of the ICAs in children with 22qDS undergoing VPD surgery. No cases of perioperative bleeding secondary to ICA injury were identified.

Conclusion

Although most studies endorse routine preoperative imaging to assess for ICA medialization in children with 22qDS undergoing VPD surgery, only a minority of these cases led to surgical modification. Additional studies are needed to compare outcomes in children with and without preoperative imaging given the low rates of ICA injury in the literature.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 134:2551–2561, 2024
Metasurfaces toward Optical Manipulation Technologies for Quantum Precision Measurement
Authors: Xu Yan , Su Xinran , Chai Zhen , Li Jianli
Published: December 2023

Metasurface‐based optical field manipulation has significantly broadened the application range of micro‐optical components and integrated optics, gradually replacing bulky and complicated optical components. With the continuous development of micro and nano processing technology as well as computational analysis technology, metasurfaces have progressively shown their superior application prospects. After demonstrating tremendous results in classical optical applications, their application range has now extended to the field of quantum sensing. Due to their unique properties, such as small planar size, easy integration, flexible performance design, and tunable functionality, they have opened up a series of novel and rich applications for generating, manipulating, controlling, and detecting optical fields. In this paper, the basic principle and implementation of quantum measurement are presented and an overview of the design principles of metasurfaces, along with a summary of the latest advancements and potential applications of these surfaces in optical field modulation techniques for quantum precision measurement. Additionally, a thorough discussion and analysis of the challenges encountered by metasurfaces and their future development prospects is provided. Metasurfaces offer brand‐new opportunities for low‐cost, high‐performance, multifunctional miniaturized quantum sensors and are expected to play a significant role in the development of next‐generation quantum sensors.
Integrative analyses of N6‐methyladenosine‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (m6A‐SNPs) identify tumor suppressor gene AK9 in lung cancer
Authors: Hua Tingting , Zhang Chang , Fu Yating , Qin Na , Liu Su , Chen Congcong , Gong Linnan , Ma Huimin , Ding Yue , Wei Xiaoxia , Jin Chenying , Jin Chen , Zhu Meng , Zhang Erbao , Dai Juncheng , Ma Hongxia
Published: December 2023

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been identified as one of the most important epigenetic regulation mechanisms in the development of human cancers. However, the association between m6A‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (m6A‐SNPs) and lung cancer risk remains largely unknown. Here, we identified m6A‐SNPs and examined the association of these m6A‐SNPs with lung cancer risk in 13,793 lung cancer cases and 14,027 controls. In silico functional annotation was used to identify causal m6A‐SNPs and target genes. Furthermore, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (MeRIP‐qPCR) assay was performed to assess the m6A modification level of different genotypes of the causal SNP. In vitro assays were performed to validate the potential role of the target gene in lung cancer. A total of 8794 m6A‐SNPs were detected, among which 397 SNPs in nine susceptibility loci were associated with lung cancer risk, including six novel loci. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that rs1321328 in 6q21 was located around the m6A modification site of AK9 and significantly reduced AK9 expression (β = −0.15, p = 2.78 × 10−8). Moreover, AK9 was significantly downregulated in lung cancer tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues of samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Nanjing Lung Cancer Cohort. MeRIP‐qPCR assay suggested that C allele of rs1321328 could significantly decrease the m6A modification level of AK9 compared with G allele. In vitro assays verified the tumor‐suppressing role of AK9 in lung cancer. These findings shed light on the pathogenic mechanism of lung cancer susceptibility loci linked with m6A modification.
Best proximity point for generalized cyclic enriched contractions
Authors: Dechboon Premyuda , Khammahawong Konrawut
Published: December 2023

In this article, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the best proximity point for several classes of generalized cyclic enriched contractions furnishing those inherent interrelationships for some reasons. We also provide conditions under which the best proximity point can be obtained through iterative procedures. Moreover, we give a numerical experiment to demonstrate the efficiency of the Krasnoselskii approach for the generalized cyclic enriched contractions.
Gaze measurements during viewing human dialogue scenes in adults with ADHD: Preliminary findings
Authors: Nagatsuka Yuta , Nakamura Dan , Ota Marie , Arai Gosuke , Iwami Yuriko , Suzuki Hirohisa , Tomita Akisa , Hanawa Yoichi , Hayashi Wakaho , Iwanami Akira
Published: December 2023

Aim

Eye gaze measurement to human dialogue scenes in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was investigated. We examined whether eye gaze measurement might be a biological marker of ADHD.

Methods

Twenty‐two individuals with ADHD (mean age, 34.5 years) attending the outpatient clinic of Showa University Karasuyama Hospital were included in the study, and 26 healthy individuals (mean age, 32.6 years) with no history of mental disorders were used as the control group. For the participants, intellectual functioning was estimated using the Japanese Adult Reading Test, and mental symptoms were assessed using the Autism Spectrum Quotient and Conner's Adult ADHD Rating Scale. We extracted human dialogue scenes from two classic movies as visual stimuli and recorded the participant's gaze while watching these scenes using Tobii's eye tracker.

Results

For gazing time, repeated measures analysis of variance showed no significant main effect of “group” and no significant interaction effect between “group” and areas of interest “(AOI).” In the normal group, gazing time at the eyes was significantly longer than those at the mouth, body, and background; in the ADHD group, gazing time at the eyes was significantly longer than only that at the background.

Conclusion

Given the different results obtained in the past in ASD, these results suggest that it would be necessary to directly compare the two groups to determine whether the gaze measurement shows significant differences in ASD and ADHD.
Switching from opaque to transparent
Authors: Tibbitt Donald
Published: December 2023

Near infrared (NIR) light is becoming pervasive within products to improve perception, functionality, and safety. NIR is used in applications ranging from lidar and automotive ADAS to machine vision systems, night vision cameras, IR remotes, touch screens, and various medical and therapeutic uses.
Laser processes are shaping e‐mobility in Europe
Authors: Castelo Antonio
Published: December 2023

Europe needs a battery industry. Internal combustion is a mastered technology on the old continent, but European companies need to improve their electric vehicle capabilities to reduce the gap to other markets. A collaborative approach is critical to succeeding in this objective, as is creating a European ecosystem that could work as a local supply base for the battery manufacturers and the automotive companies.
Study on the synthesis mechanism of pyrazoles via [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of diazocarbonyl compounds with enones without leaving groups
Authors: Feng Guipeng , Meng Jie , Xu Shaohong , Wang Chenqian , Yao Xubin , Nie Xinzi
Published: December 2023

On the basis of the density functional theory (DFT), the process of cycloaddition reaction of diazocarbonyl compounds with enones without leaving groups to obtain pyrazoles was proposed. First, the diazocarbonyl compounds reacted with enones to offer the intermediates by cycloaddition reaction, which was captured of hydrogen of the intermediate by the base to offer the nonaromatic pyrazole intermediate, which then give the final product by oxidation and isomerization in the air. This protocol corrected the reaction mechanism that was proposed in the experimental section. The negative correlation between the yields of products with the charges of ADCH at the C1 position of enones was also founded, which was consistent with the experimental results. The protocol could provide theoretical guidance for designing more efficient cycloaddition reaction.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in adults: Exploring pathogenesis and phenotype
Authors: Wozniak Phillip S. , Makhoul Lara , Botros Mena M.
Published: December 2023

This review highlights both the longstanding impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on the health of adult survivors of prematurity and the pressing need for prospective, longitudinal studies of this population. Conservatively, there are an estimated 1,000,000 survivors of BPD in the United States alone. Unfortunately, most of the available literature regarding outcomes of lung disease due to prematurity naturally focuses on pediatric patients in early or middle childhood, and the relative amount of literature on adult survivors is scant. As the number of adult survivors of BPD continues to increase, it is essential that both adult and pediatric pulmonologists have a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology and underlying disease process, including the molecular signaling pathways and pro‐inflammatory modulators that contribute to the pathogenesis of BPD. We summarize the most common presenting symptoms for adults with BPD and identify the critical challenges adult pulmonologists face in managing the care of survivors of prematurity. Specifically, these challenges include the wide variability of the clinical presentation of adult patients, comorbid cardiopulmonary complications, and the paucity of longitudinal data available on these patients. Adult survivors of BPD have even required lung transplantation, indicating the high burden of morbidity that can result from premature birth and subsequent lung injury. In addition, we analyze the disparate symptoms and management approach to adults with “old” BPD versus “new” BPD. The aim of this review is to assist pulmonologists in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of BPD and to improve clinical recognition of this increasingly common pulmonary disease.
Home ventilation in low resource settings: Learning to do more, with less
Authors: Zampoli Marco , Booth Jane , Gray Diane M. , Vanker Aneesa
Published: December 2023

Long‐term ventilation (LTV) in children at home, especially invasive ventilation, is not widely available nor practised in low‐resource settings (LRS). Barriers to providing LTV include underdeveloped pediatric critical care services, limited expertise in pediatric LTV, limited capacity to screen for sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) and high cost of LTV equipment and consumables. Additional challenges encountered in LRS may be unreliable electricity supply and difficult socioeconomic conditions. Where LTV at home has been successfully implemented, caregivers and families in LRS must often take full responsibility for their child's care as professional home‐based nursing care is scarce. Selecting suitable children and families to offer LTV in LRS may therefore face difficult ethical decisions when families are disempowered or incapable of providing 24‐h care at home. Early caregiver participation and hands‐on training in tracheostomy care and LTV equipment is key to success, irrespective of the caregiver's level of education. The use of overnight oximetry, mobile phone technology, spirometry, and clinical evaluation are simple tools that can aid recognition and monitoring of children needing LTV. As children survive longer supported by LTV, engaging with adult services at an early stage is important to ensure suitable pathways for transition to adult care are in place. Building capacity and expertise in pediatric LTV in LRS requires targeted training of health professionals in related disciplines and advocacy to policymakers and funders that LTV in appropriately selected circumstances is worthwhile, life‐changing, and cost‐saving.
Model‐based meta‐analysis using latent variable modeling to set benchmarks for new treatments of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Goteti Kosalaram , Garcia Ramon , Gillespie William R. , French Jonathan , Klopp‐Schulze Lena , Li Ying , Mateo Cristina Vazquez , Roy Sanjeev , Guenther Oliver , Benincosa Lisa , Venkatakrishnan Karthik
Published: December 2023

Several investigational agents are under evaluation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinical trials but quantitative frameworks to enable comparison of their efficacy to reference benchmark treatments are lacking. To benchmark SLE treatment effects and identify clinically important covariates, we developed a model‐based meta‐analysis (MBMA) within a latent variable model framework for efficacy end points and SLE composite end point scores (BILAG‐based Composite Lupus Assessment and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index) using aggregate‐level data on approved and investigational therapeutics. SLE trials were searched using PubMed and www.clinicaltrials.gov for treatment name, SLE and clinical trial as search criteria that resulted in four data structures: (1) study and investigational agent, (2) dose and regimen, (3) baseline descriptors, and (4) outcomes. The final dataset consisted of 25 studies and 81 treatment arms evaluating 16 different agents. A previously developed (K Goteti et al. 2022) SLE latent variable model of data from placebo arms (placebo + standard of care treatments) was used to describe aggregate SLE end points over time for the various SLE placebo and treatment arms in a Bayesian MBMA framework. Continuous dose‐effect relationships using a maximum effect model were included for anifrolumab, belimumab, CC‐220 (iberdomide), epratuzumab, lulizumab pegol, and sifalimumab, whereas the remaining treatments were modeled as discrete dose effects. The final MBMA model was then used to benchmark these compounds with respect to the maximal efficacy on the latent variable compared to the placebo. This MBMA illustrates the application of latent variable models in understanding the trajectories of composite end points in chronic diseases and should enable model‐informed development of new investigational agents in SLE.
Potassium homeostasis and therapeutic intervention with sodium zirconium cyclosilicate: A model‐informed drug development case study
Authors: Clegg Lindsay E. , Chu Lulu , Nagard Mats , Boulton David W. , Penland Robert C.
Published: December 2023

Potassium (K+) is the main intracellular cation in the body. Elevated K+ levels (hyperkalemia) increase the risk of life‐threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, the details of K+ homeostasis and the effects of orally administered K+ binders, such as sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), on K+ redistribution and excretion in patients remain incompletely understood. We built a fit‐for‐purpose systems pharmacology model to describe K+ homeostasis in hyperkalemic subjects and capture serum K+ (sK+) dynamics in response to acute and chronic administration of SZC. The resulting model describes K+ distribution in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood, and extracellular and intracellular spaces of tissue, renal clearance of K+, and K+–SZC binding and excretion in the GI tract. The model, which was fit to time‐course sK+ data for individual patients from two clinical trials, accounts for bolus delivery of K+ in meals and oral doses of SZC. The virtual population of patients derived from fitting the model to these trials was then modified to predict the SZC dose–response and inform clinical trial design in two new applications: emergency lowering of sK+ in severe hyperkalemia and prevention of hyperkalemia between dialysis sessions in patients with end‐stage chronic kidney disease. In both cases, the model provided novel and useful insight that was borne out by the now completed clinical trials, providing a concrete case study of fit‐for‐purpose, model‐informed drug development after initial approval of a drug.
Traditional Chinese medicines treat ischemic stroke and their main bioactive constituents and mechanisms
Authors: Fan Genhao , Liu Menglin , Liu Jia , Huang Yuhong , Mu Wei
Published: December 2023

Ischemic stroke (IS) remains one of the leading causes of death and disability in humans. Unfortunately, none of the treatments effectively provide functional benefits to patients with IS, although many do so by targeting different aspects of the ischemic cascade response. The advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in preventing and treating IS are obvious in terms of early treatment and global coordination. The efficacy of TCM and its bioactive constituents has been scientifically proven over the past decades. Based on clinical trials, this article provides a review of commonly used TCM patent medicines and herbal decoctions indicated for IS. In addition, this paper also reviews the mechanisms of bioactive constituents in TCM for the treatment of IS in recent years, both domestically and internationally. A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies will hopefully provide new ideas to address the threat of IS.
Random graphs embeddable in order‐dependent surfaces
Authors: McDiarmid Colin , Saller Sophia
Published: December 2023

Given a ‘genus function’ , we let be the class of all graphs such that if has order (i.e., has vertices) then it is embeddable in a surface of Euler genus at most . Let the random graph be sampled uniformly from the graphs in on vertex set . Observe that if is 0 then is a random planar graph, and if is sufficiently large then is a binomial random graph . We investigate typical properties of . We find that for every genus function , with high probability at most one component of is non‐planar. In contrast, we find a transition for example for connectivity: if is and is non‐decreasing then , and if then with high probability is connected. These results also hold when we consider orientable and non‐orientable surfaces separately. We also investigate random graphs sampled uniformly from the ‘hereditary part’ or the ‘minor‐closed part’ of , and briefly consider corresponding results for unlabelled graphs.
Surfactant‐Mediated Crystalline Structure Evolution Enabling the Ultrafast Green Synthesis of Bismuth‐MOF in Aqueous Condition
Authors: Yang Haowei , Zhao Yu , Guo Yi , Wu Bing , Ying Yulong , Sofer Zdenek , Wang Sheng
Published: December 2023

Green synthesis of stable metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with permanent and highly ordered porosity at room temperature without needing toxic and harmful solvents and long‐term high‐temperature reactions is crucial for sustainable production. Herein, a rapid and environmentally friendly synthesis strategy is reported to synthesize the complex topological bismuth‐based‐MOFs (Bi‐MOFs), [Bi9(C9H3O6)9(H2O)9] (denoted CAU‐17), in water under ambient conditions by surfactant‐mediated sonochemical approach, which could also be applicable to other MOFs. This strategy explores using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) amphiphilic molecules as structure‐inducing agents to control the removal of non‐coordinated water (dehydration) and enhance the degree of deprotonation of the ligands, thereby regulating the coordination and crystallization in aqueous solutions. In addition, another two new strategies for synthesizing CAU‐17 by crystal reconstruction and one‐step synthesis in binary solvents are provided, and the solvent‐induced synthesis mechanism of CAU‐17 is studied. The as‐prepared CAU‐17 presents a competitive iodine capture capability and effective delivery of the antiarrhythmic drug procainamide (PA) for enteropatia due to the broad pH tolerance and the unique phosphate‐responsive destruction in the intestine. The findings will provide valuable ideas for the follow‐up study of surfactant‐assisted aqueous synthesis of MOFs and their potential applications.
Effect of Cooling Rate on Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of a Q345 Pressure Vessel Steel Subject to Hydrogen Sulﬁde
Authors: Tian Yan , Zhang Jimou , Wang Zhen , Shi Zhi‐Yong , Li Xin , Zhao Ming‐Chun
Published: December 2023

As an important equipment for the separation, store, and transport of the oil and natural gas in energy industry, the pressure vessels are subjected to harsh service environments of sulfide stress cracking (SSC). In this work, the effect of the cooling rate on the SSC susceptibility of a Q345 pressure vessel steel is studied. A pronounced distinction in microstructure is presented as the cooling rate is increased from ≈1 to ≈15 °C s−1. At ≈1 °C s−1, the microstructure is consisted of polygonal‐like ferrite and distinct banded pearlite. At ≈5 °C s−1, the microstructure is consisted of polygonal‐like ferrite and faintly banded pseudo‐pearlite. At ≈15 °C s−1, the microstructure is acicular ferrite with a complete elimination of banded structure. The cooling rate decides the level of the banded structure. As the cooling rate increases, the banded structure becomes relatively slight and even disappears. Strength in sort ascending is ≈1, ≈ 5, and ≈15 °C s−1. The SSC failure happens at ≈1 and ≈5 °C s−1, while does not happen at ≈15 °C s−1. The strength is not the only dominant factor responsible for the SSC failure. The SSC is preferentially generated at the banded structure. The elimination of the banded structure is necessary to improve the SSC resistance of the Q345 pressure vessel steel.
bis‐Silyl‐triazenide ligands in alkaline‐earth metal chemistry
Authors: Knüpfer Christian , Langer Jens , Harder Sjoerd
Published: December 2023

Monoanionic N,N‐chelating triazenide ligands, [R‐NNN‐R]−, are compared to formamidinate or β‐diketiminate ligands considerably less electron‐donating and therefore potentially suitable for stabilizing electron rich metals in low oxidations states. A feature reported for silyl‐substituted triazenide ligands, is their ability to eliminate N2 resulting in (R3Si)2N− anions. Here we describe a series of group 1 and 2 metal complexes with the very bulky bis‐silyl‐triazenide ligand [tBu3Si‐NNN‐SitBu3]−. Heteroleptic complexes could be isolated for Mg: {[(tBu3Si)2N3]MgnBu}2 or {[(tBu3Si)2N3]MgI}2, including its ether adducts. Despite bulky silyl substituents, the ligand did not stabilize heteroleptic [(tBu3Si)2N3]AeN(SiMe3)2 complexes for Ca, Sr and Ba and only homoleptic Ae[(tBu3Si)2N3]2 complexes were isolated. Thermal decomposition of these complexes did result in N2 elimination and formation of the expected amide complexes. Reduction of [(tBu3Si)2N3]MgI ⋅ (Et2O) with KC8 in Et2O led to the formation of a MgI complex with a Mg−Mg bond length of 2.902(1) Å. As only one of the Mg centres shows coordination with a Et2O ligand, this is a rare example of an asymmetric Mg−Mg bond. This MgI complex is rather unstable in benzene solution, likely due to reduction of the ligand system. Triazenide ligands are therefore not suitable for stabilization of group 2 metals in low oxidation states.
Management von Kardiomyopathien
Authors: Pavo Noemi , Hengstenberg Christian
Published: December 2023

Die Gruppe der Kardiomyopathien hat in den letzten Jahren verstärkt Aufmerksamkeit erhalten, nachdem einige ihrer Ursachen identifiziert und sie mithilfe moderner Bildgebungsmethoden genauer charakterisiert werden konnten. Regelmäßig wurden von nationalen und internationalen Fachgesellschaften neue Definitionen und Klassifikationsschemata bereitgestellt. Die neue Leitlinie der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) von 2023 zum Management der Kardiomyopathien ist nun international die erste Guideline, die umfassend alle Kardiomyopathien in einem Dokument behandelt. Es handelt sich um eine neue Leitlinie, sodass die meisten Empfehlungen ebenso neu sind. Eine Ausnahme bildet der Abschnitt zur hypertrophen Kardiomyopathie (HCM), bei dem es sich um eine Aktualisierung der ESC-Leitlinie von 2014 zur Diagnose und Behandlung der HCM handelt. Das Hauptziel dieser Leitlinie besteht darin, einen klaren Leitfaden für die Diagnose von Kardiomyopathien bereitzustellen, allgemeine Bewertungs- und Managementprobleme zu betonen und den Leser auf die relevante wissenschaftliche Evidenzbasis für die Empfehlungen hinzuweisen. Aufgrund des Umfangs können keine detaillierten Beschreibungen und Empfehlungen für jede spezifische Kardiomyopathie bereitgestellt werden, jedoch wird auf die entsprechende Literatur verwiesen.
Survey in radiation oncology departments in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland: state of digitalization by 2023
Authors: Janssen Stefan , El Shafie Rami A. , Grohmann Maximilian , Knippen Stefan , Putora Paul M. , Beck Marcus , Baehr Andrea , Clemens Patrick , Stefanowicz Sarah , Rades Dirk , Becker Jan-Niklas , Fahlbusch Fabian B.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The aim of this work was to assess the current state of digitalization in radiation oncology departments in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.

Methods

A comprehensive survey was conducted in a digital format, consisting of 53 questions that covered various aspects of digitalization including patient workflow, departmental organization, radiotherapy planning, and employee-related aspects.

Results

Overall, 120 forms were eligible for evaluation. Participants were mainly physicians or medical physicists responsible for digitalization aspects in their departments. Nearly 70% of the institutions used electronic patient records, with 50% being completely paperless. However, the use of smartphone apps for electronic patient reported outcomes (ePROMs) and digital health applications (DIGA) was limited (9% and 4.9%, respectively). In total, 70.8% of the radio-oncology departments had interfaces with diagnostic departments, and 36% had digital interchanges with other clinics. Communication with external partners was realized mainly through fax (72%), e‑mails (55%), postal letters (63%), or other digital exchange formats (28%). Almost half of the institutions (49%) had dedicated IT staff for their operations.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this survey is the first of its kind conducted in German-speaking radiation oncology departments within the medical field. The findings suggest that there is a varied level of digitalization implementation within these departments, with certain areas exhibiting lower rates of digitalization that could benefit from targeted improvement initiatives.
Interdisziplinäre ultraschallgesteuerte minimal-invasive Autopsie bei COVID-19-Verstorbenen auf der Intensivstation einer Universitätsklinik
Authors: Lahmer T. , Stock K. , Rasch S. , Porubsky S. , Jeske S. , Schustetter C. , Protzer U. , Heemann U. , Schmid R. , Weichert W. , Weirich G. , Slotta-Huspenina J.
Published: December 2023

In dieser Machbarkeitsstudie führten wir in einem interdisziplinären Team standardisierte ultraschallgesteuerte minimal-invasive Autopsien (US-MIA) unmittelbar am Krankenbett von COVID-19-Verstorbenen auf der Intensivstation des Klinikums Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München (TUM) durch. Die Studie hatte zum Ziel, Machbarkeit, zeitliche Effizienz und infektionshygienische Aspekte des Verfahrens sowie die Qualität der Gewebeproben zu überprüfen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die bettseitige US-MIA geeignet ist, Gewebeproben vor Einsetzen der postmortalen Autolyse zu gewinnen, und dass sie zudem schnell und sicher durchgeführt werden kann. Das bisher wenig beachtete Potenzial der US-MIA verdient besondere Aufmerksamkeit im Kontext der postmortalen Diagnostik, Forschung und Qualitätssicherung. In Zukunft könnten diese Stärken der US-MIA dazu beitragen, die postmortale Diagnostik in die Moderne der pathologischen Tiefenanalytik („Omics“) zu führen.
Upper and lower limb tremor in Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy type 1A and the implications for standing balance
Authors: Silsby Matthew , Yiannikas Con , Fois Alessandro F. , Kennerson Marina L. , Kiernan Matthew C. , Fung Victor S. C. , Vucic Steve
Published: December 2023

Background

Neuropathic tremor occurs in Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy type 1A (CMT1A; hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, HMSN), although the pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Separately, lower limb tremor has not been explored in CMT1A and could be associated with imbalance as in other neuropathies. The present study aimed to determine tremor characteristics in the upper and lower limbs in CMT1A and relate these findings to clinical disability, particularly imbalance.

Methods

Tremor and posturography studies were undertaken in phenotyped and genotyped CMT1A patients. Participants underwent detailed clinical assessment, tremor study recordings, and nerve conduction studies. Tremor stability index was calculated for upper limb tremor and compared to essential tremor.

Results

Seventeen patients were enrolled. Postural and kinetic upper limb tremors were evident in 65%, while postural and orthostatic lower limb tremors were seen in 35% of CMT1A patients. Peak upper limb frequencies were lower distally (~ 6 Hz) and higher proximally (~ 9 Hz), were unchanged by weight-loading, and not impacted by fatigue. The tremor stability index was significantly higher in CMT1A than in essential tremor. A 5–6 Hz lower limb tremor was recorded which did not vary along the limb and was unaffected by fatigue. Balance was impaired in patients with postural lower limb tremor. A high frequency peak on posturography was associated with ‘good’ balance.

Conclusions

Tremor is a common clinical feature in CMT1A, distinct from essential tremor, mediated by a complex interaction between peripheral and central mechanisms. Postural lower limb tremor is associated with imbalance; strategies aimed at tremor modulation could be of therapeutic utility.
Absolutely continuous and BV-curves in 1-Wasserstein spaces
Authors: Abedi Ehsan , Li Zhenhao , Schultz Timo
Published: December 2023

We extend the result of Lisini (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 28:85–120, 2007) on the superposition principle for absolutely continuous curves in p-Wasserstein spaces to the special case of $$p=1$$

p
=
1

. In contrast to the case of $$p>1$$

p
>
1

, it is not always possible to have lifts on absolutely continuous curves. Therefore, one needs to relax the notion of a lift by considering curves of bounded variation, or shortly BV-curves, and replace the metric speed by the total variation measure. We prove that any BV-curve in a 1-Wasserstein space can be represented by a probability measure on the space of BV-curves which encodes the total variation measure of the Wasserstein curve. In particular, when the curve is absolutely continuous, the result gives a lift concentrated on BV-curves which also characterizes the metric speed. The main theorem is then applied for the characterization of geodesics and the study of the continuity equation in a discrete setting.
Usefulness of preoperative ice cream consumption and novel postoperative drainage management in patients undergoing left-sided neck dissection for thyroid cancer: a nonrandomized prospective study
Authors: Mori Yusuke , Yamashita Hiroyuki , Sato Shinya , Shindo Hisakazu , Tachibana Seigo , Fukuda Takashi , Okamura Misa , Yamaoka Atushi , Takahashi Hiroshi , Yoshimoto Koichi
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study investigated the effects of ice cream consumption on chyle leakage after left lateral neck dissection in patients with thyroid cancer.

Methods

A total of 491 patients with thyroid cancer underwent left lateral neck dissection with identification of the thoracic duct following ice cream consumption. Before closing the wound, the anesthesiologist increased the intrathoracic pressure to observe chyle leakage. If chyle leakage occurred postoperatively, the drain was removed using the drain negative pressure release test.

Results

Postoperative chyle leakage was observed in 18 of the 491 patients who underwent left lateral neck dissection. We treated 17 patients conservatively and 1 patient surgically. Drains were removed within five days in all patients. After the drain negative pressure release test had been performed in eight patients, the drainage volume significantly decreased from an average of 175 ml to 31 ml per day. The average number of days until the removal of the drainage tube was 3.2 days. No perioperative complications were associated with ice cream consumption.

Conclusions

In left lateral neck dissection for thyroid cancer, performing surgery following ice cream consumption does not completely prevent chyle leakage; however, early drain removal is possible because there is only mild leakage.
Assessing the utility of text-to-SQL approaches for satisfying software developer information needs
Authors: Tomova Mihaela , Hofmann Martin , Hütterer Constantin , Mäder Patrick
Published: December 2023

Software analytics integrated with complex databases can deliver project intelligence into the hands of software engineering (SE) experts for satisfying their information needs. A new and promising machine learning technique known as text-to-SQL automatically extracts information for users of complex databases without the need to fully understand the database structure nor the accompanying query language. Users pose their request as so-called natural language utterance, i.e., question. Our goal was evaluating the performance and applicability of text-to-SQL approaches on data derived from tools typically used in the workflow of software engineers for satisfying their information needs. We carefully selected and discussed five seminal as well as state-of-the-art text-to-SQL approaches and conducted a comparative assessment using the large-scale, cross-domain Spider dataset and the SE domain-specific SEOSS-Queries dataset. Furthermore, we study via a survey how SE professionals perform in satisfying their information needs and how they perceive text-to-SQL approaches. For the best performing approach, we observe a high accuracy of 94% in query prediction when training specifically on SE data. This accuracy is almost independent of the query’s complexity. At the same time, we observe that SE professionals have substantial deficits in satisfying their information needs directly via SQL queries. Furthermore, SE professionals are open for utilizing text-to-SQL approaches in their daily work, considering them less time-consuming and helpful. We conclude that state-of-the-art text-to-SQL approaches are applicable in SE practice for day-to-day information needs.
VAT pass-through: the case of a large and permanent reduction in the market for menstrual hygiene products
Authors: Frey Alisa , Haucap Justus
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the price effects of a VAT (value-added tax) reduction for menstrual hygiene products in Germany. Several aspects make this VAT reduction particularly interesting: the reduction is exogenous to economic conditions, the reduction was substantial and permanent, and demand can be assumed to be inelastic. We find that the VAT reduction was completely passed through to consumers. In fact, pass-through rates of significantly more than 100% can be observed. We find that the excess pass-through occurred in relatively competitive market segments, and that it is almost fully explained by retailers rounding down prices after the reduction.
Association Between Body Image Before and During Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain in Japanese Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shiraishi Mie , Kurashima Yuki , Harada Rio
Published: December 2023

Objectives

More than half of women do not achieve appropriate gestational weight gain. Maternal body image may be an important factor associated with gestational weight gain. However, this association has not been thoroughly evaluated. We aimed to elucidate whether body image parameters before and during pregnancy are associated with gestational weight gain in Japanese women.

Methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted at a hospital in Osaka, Japan from March 2020 to March 2021. We recruited women with singleton pregnancies in their second and third trimesters. Body image was assessed using the Pregnancy and Weight Gain Attitude Scale and additional questions. Gestational weight gain was classified as insufficient, appropriate, or excessive based on recommended ranges in Japan. One-way analysis of variance, chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with insufficient or excessive weight gain.

Results

Of 266 enrolled women, 47 had insufficient weight gain and 100 had excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain included a history of dietary restriction before pregnancy, negative attitudes toward gestational weight gain, and perception of body shape as fat and body shape dissatisfaction during pregnancy. Perception of body shape as thin during pregnancy was identified as a risk factor for insufficient gestational weight gain.

Conclusions

Body image before and during pregnancy may be an important factor in preventing insufficient or excessive gestational weight gain in Japanese women. Healthcare professionals should consider body image when providing health guidance on weight management to pregnant women.