bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mannan oligosaccharides alleviate oxidative injury in the head kidney and spleen in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via the Nrf2 signaling pathway after Aeromonas hydrophila infection
Authors: Lu Zhiyuan , Feng Lin , Jiang Weidan , Wu Pei , Liu Yang , Jiang Jun , Kuang Shengyao , Tang Ling , Li Shuwei , Zhong Chengbo , Zhou Xiaoqiu
Published: April 2023

Background

Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) are recommended as aquaculture additives owing to their excellent antioxidant properties. In the present study, we examined the effects of dietary MOS on the head kidney and spleen of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

Methods

A total of 540 grass carp were used for the study. They were administered six gradient dosages of the MOS diet (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 mg/kg) for 60 d. Subsequently, we performed a 14-day Aeromonas hydrophila challenge experiment. The antioxidant capacity of the head kidney and spleen were examined using spectrophotometry, DNA fragmentation, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting.

Results

After infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, 400–600 mg/kg MOS supplementation decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl, and malonaldehyde and increased the levels of anti-superoxide anion, anti-hydroxyl radical, and glutathione in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp. The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were also enhanced by supplementation with 400–600 mg/kg MOS. Furthermore, the expression of most antioxidant enzymes and their corresponding genes increased significantly with supplementation of 200–800 mg/kg MOS. mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 also increased following supplementation with 400–600 mg/kg MOS. In addition, supplementation with 400–600 mg/kg MOS reduced excessive apoptosis by inhibiting the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway processes.

Conclusions

Based on the quadratic regression analysis of the above biomarkers (reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl) of oxidative damage in the head kidney and spleen of on-growing grass carp, the recommended MOS supplementation is 575.21, 557.58, 531.86, 597.35, 570.16, and 553.80 mg/kg, respectively. Collectively, MOS supplementation could alleviate oxidative injury in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.
Wdr5 is essential for fetal erythropoiesis and hematopoiesis
Authors: Liu Lulu , Fang Yanjia , Ding Xiaodan , Zhou Weihua , Terranova Remi , Zhang Yan , Wang He
Published: April 2023

WDR5 is a highly conserved protein that performs multiple scaffolding functions in the context of chromatin. However, efforts to understand the function of WDR5 in normal tissues physiologically are quite limited so far. In our study, we explored the function of Wdr5 in erythropoiesis and hematopoiesis by using a hematopoietic-specific Wdr5 knockout mouse model. We found that loss of Wdr5 mediated by Vav-iCre leads to embryonic lethality with defective erythropoiesis. In addition, Wdr5-deficiency completely impairs the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells function and might alter the immunophenotype of these stem cells and progenitors by decreasing c-Kit expression. Collectively, we identified the pivotal role of Wdr5 in fetal hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis as the de novo findings.
Characterisation of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) pouch microbiota in a captive population reveals a dysbiotic compositional profile associated with neonatal mortality
Authors: Maidment Toby I. , Bryan Emily R. , Pyne Michael , Barnes Michele , Eccleston Sarah , Cunningham Samantha , Whitlock Emma , Redman Kelsie , Nicolson Vere , Beagley Kenneth W. , Pelzer Elise
Published: April 2023

Background

Captive koala breeding programmes are essential for long-term species management. However, breeding efficacy is frequently impacted by high neonatal mortality rates in otherwise healthy females. Loss of pouch young typically occurs during early lactation without prior complications during parturition and is often attributed to bacterial infection. While these infections are thought to originate from the maternal pouch, little is known about the microbial composition of koala pouches. As such, we characterised the koala pouch microbiome across the reproductive cycle and identified bacteria associated with mortality in a cohort of 39 captive animals housed at two facilities.

Results

Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we observed significant changes in pouch bacterial composition and diversity between reproductive time points, with the lowest diversity observed following parturition (Shannon entropy — 2.46). Of the 39 koalas initially sampled, 17 were successfully bred, after which seven animals lost pouch young (overall mortality rate — 41.18%). Compared to successful breeder pouches, which were largely dominated by Muribaculaceae (phylum — Bacteroidetes), unsuccessful breeder pouches exhibited persistent Enterobacteriaceae (phylum — Proteobacteria) dominance from early lactation until mortality occurred. We identified two species, Pluralibacter gergoviae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which were associated with poor reproductive outcomes. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing identified resistance in both isolates to several antibiotics commonly used in koalas, with the former being multidrug resistant.

Conclusions

This study represents the first cultivation-independent characterisation of the koala pouch microbiota, and the first such investigation in marsupials associated with reproductive outcomes. Overall, our findings provide evidence that overgrowth of pathogenic organisms in the pouch during early development is associated with neonatal mortality in captive koalas. Our identification of previously unreported, multidrug resistant P. gergoviae strains linked to mortality also underscores the need for improved screening and monitoring procedures aimed at minimising neonatal mortality in future.
New insights into the immune functions of podocytes: the role of complement
Authors: Bruno Valentina , Mühlig Anne Katrin , Oh Jun , Licht Christoph
Published: April 2023

Podocytes are differentiated epithelial cells which play an essential role to ensure a normal function of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). In addition to their adhesive properties in maintaining the integrity of the filtration barrier, they have other functions, such as synthesis of components of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), release of inflammatory proteins, and expression of complement components. They also participate in the glomerular crosstalk through multiple signalling pathways, including endothelin-1, VEGF, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7), latent transforming growth factor β-binding protein 1 (LTBP1), and extracellular vesicles.

Growing literature suggests that podocytes share many properties of innate and adaptive immunity, supporting a multifunctional role ensuring a healthy glomerulus. As consequence, the “immune podocyte” dysfunction is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of several glomerular diseases, referred to as “podocytopathies.” Multiple factors like mechanical, oxidative, and/or immunologic stressors can induce cell injury. The complement system, as part of both innate and adaptive immunity, can also define podocyte damage by several mechanisms, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytokine production, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, ultimately affecting the integrity of the cytoskeleton, with subsequent podocyte detachment from the GBM and onset of proteinuria.

Interestingly, podocytes are found to be both source and target of complement-mediated injury. Podocytes express complement proteins which contribute to local complement activation. At the same time, they rely on several protective mechanisms to escape this damage. Podocytes express complement factor H (CFH), one of the main regulators of the complement cascade, as well as membrane-bound complement regulators like CD46 or membrane cofactor protein (MCP), CD55 or decay-accelerating factor (DAF), and CD59 or defensin. Further mechanisms, like autophagy or actin-based endocytosis, are also involved to ensure podocyte homeostasis and protection against injury.

This review will provide an overview of the immune functions of podocytes and their response to immune-mediated injury, focusing on the pathogenic link between complement and podocyte damage.
Tumor lineage-specific immune response in brain metastatic disease: opportunities for targeted immunotherapy regimen?
Authors: Najjary Shiva , Kros Johan M. , de Koning Willem , Vadgama Disha , Lila Karishma , Wolf Janina , Mustafa Dana A. M.
Published: April 2023

Metastases in the brain are the most severe and devastating complication of cancer. The incidence of brain metastasis is increasing. Therefore, the need of finding specific druggable targets for brain metastasis is demanding. The aim of this study was to compare the brain (immune) response to brain metastases of the most common tumor lineages, viz., lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. Targeted gene expression profiles of 11 brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (BM-LUAD) were compared to 11 brain metastasis of breast cancer (BCBM) using NanoString nCounter PanCancer IO 360™ Panel. The most promising results were validated spatially using the novel GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) Technology. Additionally, Immune cell profiles and expression of drug targets were validated by multiplex immunohistochemistry. We found a more active immune response in BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. In the BM-LUAD, 138 genes were upregulated as compared to BCBM (adj. p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, in BCBM 28 genes were upregulated (adj. p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, genes related to CD45 + cells, T cells, and cytotoxic T cells showed to be expressed higher in BM-LUAD compared to BCBM (adj. p = 0.01, adj. p = 0.023, adj. p = 0.023, respectively). The spatial quantification of the immune cells using the GeoMx DSP technique revealed the significantly higher quantification of CD14 and CD163 in tumor regions of BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. Importantly, the immune checkpoint VISTA and IDO1 were identified as highly expressed in the BM-LUAD. Multiplex immunohistochemistry confirmed the finding and showed that VISTA is expressed mainly in BM-LUAD tumor cells, CD3 + cells, and to fewer levels in some microglial cells in BM-LUAD. This is the first report on differences in the brain immune response between metastatic tumors of different lineages. We found a far more extensive infiltration of immune cells in BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. In addition, we found higher expression of VISTA and IDO1 in BM-LUAD. Taken together, targeted immune therapy should be considered to treat patients with BM-LUAD.
Characterization of landslides: a vertical electrical sounding approach
Authors: Christopher W. A. P. P. , De Silva Nalin , Attanayake A. M. A. N. B. , Jayasingha Pathmakumara
Published: April 2023

The high groundwater activity typically found in landslide bodies favors electrical resistivity methods to characterize the subsurface of landslides. The more water present, the more the current injection into the ground and thus greater the depth of penetration. Furthermore, this generates a higher contrast between the stable and the unstable mass of the landslide. Being a cost-effective and a flexible approach to characterize landslides, 1-D electrical resistivity surveys have the ability to acquire point data similar to borehole logs, thus allows to detect and highlight anomalies of groundwater flow and groundwater build up. These parameters could change from point to point due to the inherit disturbed nature of landslides. A preliminary vertical electrical sounding survey using Schlumberger electrode configuration was carried out along the axis of a creep-type landslide in Badulusirigama, Badulla, Sri Lanka. Four survey points were established for the preliminary VES survey. Each survey line spanned 140 m in length. The data revealed the presence of two types of layers with high (200–370 Ω m) and low (20–60 Ω m) apparent resistivities. Another resistive layer with an apparent resistivity around 100–140 Ω m was found to be sandwiched in the clay layer which was significant to the landslide body and interestingly was not observed in the borehole logs. Furthermore, the southwest inclination of this sandwiched layer explained the southwest region of the landslide being highly active in terms of groundwater discharge through horizontal drains. The bedrock was not detected at three of the survey points highlighting the thick clay layer present in the landslide body. This preliminary survey revealed the general anatomy of the landslide along its axis in terms of the number of layers, type of layers, their thicknesses, the presence of water, and their resistivities.
Isokinetic knee muscle strength comparison after enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) versus conventional setup in total knee arthroplasty (TKA): a single blinded prospective randomized study
Authors: Goetz Julia , Maderbacher Günther , Gerg Anna , Leiss Franziska , Dullien Silvia , Zeman Florian , Meyer Matthias , Reinhard Jan , Grifka Joachim , Greimel Felix
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) combined with the concept of enhanced recovery is of continued worldwide interest, as it is reported to improve early functional outcome and treatment quality without increasing complications. The aim of the study was to investigate isokinetic knee muscle strength after cemented TKA in combination with an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) compared to a conventional setup.

Methods

In the single blinded prospective randomized study, 52 patients underwent navigated primary cemented TKA within an ERAS (n = 30) or a conventional setup (n = 22). Preoperatively, five days and four weeks after surgery isokinetic knee muscle strength with BIODEX‐type measuring device (peak torque in Nm, work in Joules and power in Watt) and subjective patient‐related outcome measures (PROMs) were investigated.

Results

The ERAS group showed significantly better outcomes in knee flexion at 180°/s (peak torque (Nm) p = 0.047, work (J) p = 0.040 and power (W) p = 0.016) 5 days postoperatively. The isokinetic measuring at knee extension 60°/s and 180°/s demonstrated no significant difference. The PROMs showed that patients were satisfied with the postoperative results in both groups. After 4 weeks, there was no longer a significant difference in isokinetic measuring at knee extension and flexion between the ERAS and conventional group.

Conclusions

TKA with the concept of ERAS improves excellent isokinetic outcome and patient satisfaction. The isokinetic muscle strength measurement can help patients and surgeons to modify expectations and improve patient satisfaction.
Optimizing internal biosecurity on pig farms by assessing movements of farm staff
Authors: Bernaerdt Elise , Díaz Inmaculada , Piñeiro Carlos , Collell Miquel , Dewulf Jeroen , Maes Dominiek
Published: April 2023

For internal biosecurity, it is important to separate different age groups in a pig farm and to stick to specific working lines when visiting the barns. Currently, there is no research on the movements of farm staff on pig farms. The objectives of this observational study were to assess movements of farm staff on pig farms, to assess risky movements and to investigate whether movements differ according to time (week of the batch farrowing system (BFS) and weekday vs. weekend) and unit (farrowing, gestation/insemination, nursery, and fattening unit). Five commercial sow farms participated and on each farm, an internal movement monitoring system was installed. Detection points were installed throughout the farm and workers had to wear a personal beacon. Movement data were collected from 1 December 2019 until 30 November 2020. The following sequence of movements was considered as safe: (1) dressing room, (2) farrowing, (3) gestation/insemination, (4) nursery, (5) fattening, (6) quarantine, and (7) cadaver storage. Movements in the opposite direction were considered as risk, unless a dressing room was visited in between. The total number of movements differed according to week of the BFS, and was highest in insemination and farrowing week. The percentage of risky movements was influenced by week of the BFS for two farms, and was highest around weaning. The percentage of risky movements varied between farms and ranged from 9 to 38%. There were more movements on a weekday compared to a weekend day. There were more movements towards the farrowing and gestation/insemination unit in insemination and farrowing week compared to other weeks of the BFS, but week of the BFS had no impact on movements towards nursery and fattening unit. This study showed that there were a lot of (risky) movements on pig farms and that these movements varied according to week of the BFS, day of the week, and unit. This study creates awareness, which could be a first step in optimizing working lines. Future research should focus on why certain risky movements occur and how these can be avoided to achieve better biosecurity and higher health status on farms.
Responsive manganese-based nanoplatform amplifying cGAS-STING activation for immunotherapy
Authors: He Qingbin , Zheng Runxiao , Ma Junchi , Zhao Luyang , Shi Yafang , Qiu Jianfeng
Published: April 2023

Background

The activation of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway has attracted great attention for its ability to up-regulate innate immune response and thus enhance cancer immunotherapy. However, many STING agonists limit the further advancement of immunotherapy due to weak tumor responsiveness or low activation efficiency. The responsive and effective activation of cGAS-STING signaling in tumors is a highly challenging process.

Methods

In this study, a manganese-based nanoplatform (MPCZ NPs) was constructed that could responsively and efficiently generate more manganese ions (Mn
2+
) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Briefly, manganese dioxide (MnO
2
) was loaded with zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZPP) molecule and coated by polydopamine (PDA) embedded with NH
4
HCO
3
to obtain MPCZ NPs. Additionally, MPCZ NPs were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their antitumor effects by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and TUNEL assays, respectively.

Results

In this system, tumor responsiveness was achieved by exogenous (laser irradiation) and endogenous (high levels GSH) stimulation, which triggered the collapse or degradation of PDA and MnO
2
. Moreover, the release of Mn
2+
augmented the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and enhanced the conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) to hydroxyl radical (·OH) under NIR laser irradiation. Furthermore, the release of ZPP and the elimination of GSH by MPCZ NPs inhibited HO-1 activity and prevented ROS consumption, respectively.

Conclusions

This adopted open source and reduce expenditure strategy to effectively generate more ROS and Mn
2+
to responsively activate cGAS-STING signaling pathway, providing a new strategy for improving immunotherapy.
Salty taste test for a low-salt diet to control blood pressure
Authors: Yang Seon-Hee , Ha Jea-Chul , Kim Min-Ji
Published: April 2023

Background

Reducing salt intake helps prevent complications of cerebrovascular disease. To help patients accept a low-sodium diet, the salty taste test is used to evaluate how much salt an individual actually consumes. The aim of this study was to help patients with hypertension reduce their salt intake by helping them recognize the difference between their subjective perception of saltiness and the objective test results.

Methods

We enrolled workers who visited a local occupational health institution in the period from April to August 2019. Demographic and physical characteristics were recorded. Blood pressure measurement and use of medication were also recorded. A questionnaire was used to investigate whether people liked or disliked salty food, i.e., preference for saltiness, and whether they usually ate salty, normal, or fresh food, i.e., the subjective perception of saltiness. Subsequently, the taste determination kit provided by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety was used to objectively test saltiness at various salty taste concentrations. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety program (No. 10-093760) was used as the salty taste judgment tool.

Results

A total of 86 workers were surveyed. Eleven of 18 workers (61.1%) who reported usually eating fresh food actually ate normal or salty food. Thirteen of 37 workers (35.1%) who reported eating normal food actually ate salty food. Thirteen of 31 workers (41.9%) who reported eating salty food actually ate fresh or normal food. Of 46 workers who reported disliking salty food, 14 (30.4%) actually ate salty food, while 20 (43.5%) ate normal food. The subjective perception and preference for saltiness were not significantly correlated with the objective test results (P = ​​0.085 and P = 0.110, respectively). As for the subjective perception and preference for saltiness, Cohen’s weighted kappa for the taste judgment result were 0.23 and 0.22, respectively, indicating a low degree of agreement.

Conclusions

In dietary counseling to prevent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, rather than relying on the subjective perception of saltiness, a salty taste test should be performed such that people can recognize their salty food eating habits through objective evaluation.
Bibliometric mapping of the landscape and structure of nutrition and depression research: visualization analysis
Authors: Zyoud Sa’ed H. , Shakhshir Muna , Abushanab Amani S. , Koni Amer , Shahwan Moyad , Jairoun Ammar A. , Al-Jabi Samah W.
Published: April 2023

Background

Numerous epidemiological studies have examined the relationship between dietary intake of specific foods or nutrients and the incidence of depression and have noted that nutrition has a significant impact on mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the state of research, the frontiers of research, and development trends in the field of nutrition and depression using bibliometric and visual analysis.

Methods

We collected publications on the topic of nutrition and depression from Scopus between 2002 and 2021. Subsequently, we utilized VOSviewer 1.6.18 and Microsoft Excel 2013 to perform bibliometric analysis and visualization. Bibliometric analysis involves retrieving documents from a singular database, such as SciVerse Scopus or Web of Knowledge, and subjecting them to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Notably, gray literature is not considered in bibliometric analysis.

Results

A total of 2171 publications on nutrition and depression were found between 2002 and 2021, namely 1855 (85.44%) original articles, 190 (8.75%) reviews, 38 (1.75%) letters, and 88 (4.05%) other types of publications. The most productive country was found to be the USA (n = 726; 33.44%), followed by Australia (n = 172; 7.92%), the United Kingdom (n = 158; 7.28%), China (n = 132; 6.08%), and Canada (n = 131; 6.03%). The remaining publications were from other countries (n = 852; 39.25%). According to the citation analysis, the retrieved papers were cited on an average of 26.6 times and had an h-index of 105 with 57,781 citations. The most frequent terms on the map include those related to (a) fatty acid links to depression and brain inflammation, (b) depression and eating disorders, and finally, (c) adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of depression.

Conclusions

The current study was the first novel bibliometric analysis of nutrition and depression research that used data extracted from Scopus for visualization network mapping. In recent years, the theme "Mediterranean diet adherence and risk of depression" has been identified more frequently, indicating that studies in this field have garnered considerable attention and reflect the most recent scientific advances. Researchers should continue to investigate nutrition and depression, and we believe this study provides significant information for researchers, nutritionists, and clinicians.
When less is not more: the effect of transparent masks on facial attractiveness judgment
Authors: Lee Yongseong , Jeong Su Keun
Published: April 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks have been widely used in daily life. Previous studies have suggested that faces wearing typical masks that occlude the lower half of the face are perceived as more attractive than face without masks. However, relatively little work has been done on how transparent masks that reveal the lower half of the face affect the judgment of facial attractiveness. To investigate the effect of transparent masks on the perceived attractiveness, in the current study, we asked participants to rate the attractiveness of faces without masks and with a typical opaque mask and a transparent mask. The results showed that faces wearing opaque masks were evaluated as more attractive than those wearing transparent masks or no masks. The benefit of opaque masks was more pronounced in faces that were initially evaluated as unattractive. Interestingly, wearing transparent masks decreased the perceived attractiveness of faces but only for the faces initially rated as attractive, possibly because of the visual distortion of the lower half of the face by transparent masks. In summary, we found that opaque and transparent masks have different effects on perceived attractiveness, depending on the attractiveness of faces. Given benefits of transparent masks in socio-emotional and cognitive processing, it would be important to further understand the effect of transparent masks on face information processing.
Impact of maintenance dose of eptifibatide in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Jalalian Rozita , Bagheri Babak , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Khalaghi Shahrnaz , Iranian Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Mahsa
Published: April 2023

Background

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is usually caused by a rupture in the atherosclerotic plaque, followed by platelet aggregation which ultimately leads to acute coronary artery occlusion. So far, few studies have investigated the effect of maintenance dose of Eptifibatide (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor) in STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of maintenance dose of Eptifibatide in patients with STEMI who underwent PPCI. 264 patients who had acute chest pain suggestive of STEMI were entered in the study. All patients received the same dose of bolus dose of Eptifibatide in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Then the patients were randomly divided into two groups, one group (n = 147) received a maintenance dose of intravenous Eptifibatide (infusion of 2 μg/kg/min) and the other group (n = 117) did not receive this treatment. Standard medical treatment of STEMI after PPCI was performed based on guidelines and the same in both groups. All patients were evaluated 1, 2, and 3 months after the start of treatment in terms of predicted outcomes.

Results

The occurrence of 3-month major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) between the case and control groups did not have a statistically significant difference (28.6% versus 35.0%;Pvalue: 0.286). Also, investigations showed that the rate of re-infarction (Pvalue: 0.024) and target lesion revascularization (Pvalue: 0.003) was significantly lower in the group that received Eptifibatide infusion.

Conclusions

Eptifibatide maintenance dose infusion in patients who undergo PPCI in the context of STEMI, does not significantly reduce MACE, although it does significantly reduce re-infarction and target lesion revascularization. It also does not increase the risk of bleeding and cerebrovascular events.
CD95/Fas ligand mRNA is toxic to cells through more than one mechanism
Authors: Haluck-Kangas Ashley , Fink Madelaine , Bartom Elizabeth T. , Peter Marcus E.
Published: April 2023

CD95/Fas ligand (CD95L) induces apoptosis through protein binding to the CD95 receptor. However, CD95L mRNA also induces toxicity in the absence of CD95 through induction of DISE (Death Induced by Survival Gene Elimination), a form of cell death mediated by RNA interference (RNAi). We now report that CD95L mRNA processing generates a short (s)RNA nearly identical to shL3, a commercial CD95L-targeting shRNA that led to the discovery of DISE. Neither of the miRNA biogenesis proteins Drosha nor Dicer are required for this processing. Interestingly, CD95L toxicity depends on the core component of the RISC, Ago2, in some cell lines, but not in others. In the HCT116 colon cancer cell line, Ago 1–4 appear to function redundantly in RNAi. In fact, Ago 1/2/3 knockout cells retain sensitivity to CD95L mRNA toxicity. Toxicity was only blocked by mutation of all in-frame start codons in the CD95L ORF. Dying cells exhibited an enrichment of RISC bound (R)-sRNAs with toxic 6mer seed sequences, while expression of the non-toxic CD95L mutant enriched for loading of R-sRNAs with nontoxic 6mer seeds. However, CD95L is not the only source of these R-sRNAs. We find that CD95L mRNA may induce DISE directly and indirectly, and that alternate mechanisms may underlie CD95L mRNA processing and toxicity.
Evaluation of health applications to support the asthma treatment process, available in Poland
Authors: Wilczek Arkadiusz , Woźniczka Patrycja , Rogalska Anna
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most frequently diagnosed chronic diseases in the world. All elements of treatment should primarily focus on controlling the disease and activating the patient and his participation in the treatment process. With the help of e-health and telemedicine in the form of applications for smartphones, thus independent coping with chronic diseases. The aim of the study was a quantitative and qualitative assessment of applications supporting such a business process in Polish.
Material and methods: The study was based on a review and checking of applications using criteria using various types of mobile devices, algorithms by various operating systems. The search for those qualified for the analysis was carried out from October 14 to November 8, 2022 on the basis of the words: asthma, application, dairy products.
Results: 4 asthma apps were analyzed. The highest quality documents of the Mytherapy application - 5.5 points/12 points - do not verify this threshold of good quality applications - a minimum of 75% of use to obtain points.
Conclusions have been checked: These conclusions suggest a direction, regardless of the attempt to create an application that addresses the topic holistically, as well as research in this area.
Short Communication: Seawater Mollusca (bivalve) diversity at Dullah Laut Beach, Tual City, Southeast Moluccas, Indonesia
Authors: ROSHITAFANDI DHELA APRILYANDHA , SARTIKA HENI WAHYU , DEWI ARISMA KUSUMA , NASHRURROKHMAN MUH , RATMAN NOFITA , TRIJOKO TRIJOKO
Published: April 2023

Roshitafandi DA, Sartika HW, Dewi AK, Nashrurrokhman M, Ratman N, Trijoko. 2018. Short Communication: Seawater Mollusca (bivalve) diversity at Dullah Laut Beach, Tual City, Southeast Moluccas, Indonesia. Ocean Life 2: 21-26. Indonesia is a country that has high-level of biodiversity supported by diverse types of beaches. Dullah Laut Village is located on one of the small islands in Southeast Moluccas. Dullah Laut Beach is a natural white sandy beach with algae, seagrass, and rocky substrate. Bivalve is part of the Mollusca found mostly on the Dullah Laut Beach. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity of Bivalve class in the intertidal zone of Dullah Laut Beach, Southeast Molucca related with the environmental parameters. This research was conducted in July and August 2017. The environmental parameters recorded at the time of the study were 27oC for temperature, 0,01 mg/L for nitrite, and 0,5 mg/L for ammonia. The method used in this study is purposive sampling method. After data collection was completed, the next steps were documentation, preservation, and identification conducted in the Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Based on this research, we found 4 genera of the class Bivalve in Dullah Laut Beach namely Atactodea, Macrocallista, Mactra, and Hippopus.
Short Communication: Caught fish species diversity of South Morotai, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: NABIL WILDAN AHMAD , HABIBAH IMROATUL , ARYOCHEPRIDHO ARYOCHEPRIDHO , TRIJOKO TRIJOKO
Published: April 2023

Nabil WA, Habibah I, Aryochepridho, Trijoko. 2018. Caught fish species diversity of South Morotai, North Maluku, Indonesia. Ocean Life 2: 33-36. South Morotai is a part of Morotai Island, an archipelago in eastern Indonesia with high fisheries potential such as fish, sea cucumbers, crabs, shrimp, and algae. Research on fish diversity in South Morotai is needed because there is no sufficient data and information about the potential of Morotai Island marine fisheries. The goal of this research was to collect data on fish species in Morotai, especially South Morotai. This research was conducted by surveys of fish caught by local fishermen in July 2017. Results showed that there were 23 species of fishes belonging to 14 families, with the highest diversity belonging to the Scaridae family (4 species). Serranidae and Acanthuridae each had 3 species identified. Balistidae and Labridae each had 2 species identified. One species was identified from each family of Rachycentridae, Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae, Sphyraenidae, and Mullidae.
Recent coral reef conditions in Weh Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: UTAMA RIZKIE SATRIYA , HADI TRI ARYONO
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Utama RS, Hadi TA. 2018. Recent coral reef conditions in Weh Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Ocean Life 2: 47-53. Over the past several decades the coral reef conditions have been declining globally due to human activities and natural disturbances. In the last decade, several natural phenomena such as a 2010 tsunami and 2016 coral bleaching event have been recorded in Weh Island and resulted in coral cover decline. The aims of this study are to observe current status of coral diversity and reef conditions at Weh Island. The study was carried out during February 2017 at ten study sites. The methods used were Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) analyzed with CPCe 4.1. software. Live coral coverage ranging from 10% to 57,33% with average live coral cover at Weh island at 28.48% ± 5.334 (moderate condition). 82 species, 31 genera, 13 families of coral were recorded in this study with four species found at all sites. No take and no anchor zones from Panglima Laot regulation at the Iboih areas provide a positive impact for maintaining coral health.
Potential application of biosurfactant from marine bacteria in bioremediation
Authors: MOHANTY MANORAMA , DAS SURAJIT
Published: April 2023

Mohanty M, Das S. 2018. Potential application of biosurfactant from marine bacteria in bioremediation. Ocean Life 2: 59- 72. Marine bacteria were screened for their potential ability to produce biosurfactants which can effectively reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as the only carbon and energy source. Having many toxic effects, the PAHs are very harmful to flora and fauna as well as affecting humankind adversely. This work aimed at investigating the potential applications of biosurfactant in aerobic degradation of PAHs under stress conditions. The antimicrobial and anti-adhesive capacity of the biosurfactant were also tested against different pathogenic species. Marine bacteria were collected from sediment samples of Paradip Port, Visakhapatnam Port, Rishikulya, Bhitarakanika and screened for their biosurfactant production. Its growth was optimized in carbon and nitrogen sources for maximum biosurfactant production. Naphthalene and PAHs degrading isolates were evaluated for their biodegradative potential through UV-Vis spectroscopy and phenotypical characterization by SEM studies. Five candidate isolates, identified to be Ochrobactrum, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Achromobacter xylosoxidans showing 99.9%, 99.6%, 99%, 99.3%, 98.6% of Phenanthrene degradation (100mg/L) and 99%, 99.1%, 89.75%, 94.01%, 97.02% of Naphthalene degradation (100 mg/L), respectively.
Genetic biodiversity of spiny lobsters (Panulirus spp.) from coastal waters of Southern Java, Indonesia
Authors: HARYONO FLORENCIUS EKO DWI , AMBARIYANTO AMBARIYANTO
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Haryono FED, Ambariyanto. 2018. Genetic biodiversity of spiny lobsters (Panulirus spp.) from coastal waters of Southern Java, Indonesia. Ocean Life 2: 73-78. Spiny lobsters of the genus Panulirus inhabit the southern Java, however, species identification of early life-stages based on morphological features analysis is equivocal. The condition as result of differences in morphology of the larval stage and the adult, a long period of larval life cycle, impact of oceanographic currents inhibit and restrict the route and direction of larval dispersal that causes genetic changes. However, genetic biodiversity of spiny lobsters from this area has not been investigated. The aim of this/our study was to identified genetic diversity of lobsters in Southern Java waters. The research was conducted from January through to August 2015. A total of 1137 lobsters were collected from seven different locations for morphological analyses and 40 lobsters were taken randomly for genetic analysis. Observations nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and the relationships of genetic in phylogenetic using Codon of code and MEGA 5.0, and dendogram using Primer_e software. Morphological analysis obtained 6 species of spiny lobsters: P. homarus, P. versicolor, P. ornatus, P. penicillatus, P. polyphagus and P. longipes. Phylogenetic analysis obtained two clades and morphological identification results obtained P. penicillatus (spiny rock lobster), but the identification genetically acquired included in a group of genetic P. homarus (spiny sand lobster). Such discrepancies are possibly due to a long period of larval life, adult in low light of intensity environment and an extreme of oceanographic conditions with marine oil spill.
Micro-phytoplankton density and diversity at a pilot oyster culture barachois site of Mauritius Island
Authors: ARMANCE MARIE ESTREIA ANGELLIA , MATTAN-MOORGAWA SUSHMA , BHAGOOLI RANJEET
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Armance MEA, Mattan-Moorgawa S, Bhagooli R. 2019. Micro-phytoplankton density and diversity at a pilot oyster culture barachois site of Mauritius Island. Ocean Life 3: 1-12. The density and diversity of marine micro-phytoplankton were studied at 4-6 stations from October to December 2014 within and around a pilot culture site of the oyster Crassostrea cuculata in the north-east of Mauritius Island to evaluate the water quality of the marine ecosystem suitable for oyster culture. Three micro-phytoplankton samples were taken at each station and the physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, and salinity were measured in situ while turbidity was measured ex-situ. No bloom was observed but a gradual increase in micro-phytoplankton density occurred from October to December 2014. The micro-phytoplankton density was positively correlated with temperature. A total of 20 genera of micro-phytoplankton were observed belonging to the classes of Baccillariophyta, Dinophyta, and Cyanophyta. The genera observed were Bacteriastrum, Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Leptocylindrus, Cylindrotheca, Nitzschia, Pseudo-nitzchia, Asterionellopsis, Licmophora, Striatella, Flagilariopsis, Navicula, Pleurosigma, Thalassionema, Dinophysis, Gymnodinium, Alexandrium, Peridinium, Nitzschia, and Pleurosigma in the Bacillariophyta and in Dynophyta, Gymnodinium and Prorocentrum were the dominant genera, while only Lyngbya was observed as Cyanophyta. Simpson's diversity index revealed an increase in species diversity from October to December 2014 at studied stations. These findings indicate spatiotemporal variations in micro-phytoplankton density and diversity at the oyster culture site and further long-term studies are warranted to identify the optimal stations for oyster culture.
Assessment of the Holothuria atra (Echinodermata: Holothurians) habitat based on the antibacterial effectiveness approach at Karimunjawa, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sulardiono Bambang , ANGGORO SUTRISNO , RUDIYANTI SITI , RAHMAN ARIF
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Sulardiono B, Anggoro S, Rudiyanti S, Rahman A. 2019. Assessment of the Holothuria atra (Echinodermata: Holothurians) habitat based on the antibacterial effectiveness approach at Karimunjawa, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Ocean Life 3: 11-17. Sea cucumber Holothuria atra lives in shallow marine benthic habitats and in its life cycle depends on the quality of its environment. Bacteria in the body of sea cucumbers come from the bioaccumulation of bacteria in the sediment that they exposed to through the process of absorption of sediments as a deposit feeder. To inhibit bacterial growth in the body, sea cucumbers release bioactive compounds as antibacterial. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of sea cucumber inhibition ability of sea cucumber H. atra as an antibacterial in the waters of Karimunjawa. A total of 15 individual sea cucumbers were taken from the waters of Menjangan Besar and 20 individuals from the Alang-alang waters, then cleaned and dissected to take the part of the body wall. The body wall samples obtained from each observation station was as much as 1 kg, which was then sliced into small pieces and preserved in 96% ethanol, and and the bioactive compound was extracted by maceration method. Antibacterial activity test was carried out by disc diffusion method on paper discs (10mm) and using the media of EMBA (Ethylene Methyl Blue Agar) (Merck) for E. coli bacteria and BPA (Baird Parker Agar) for S. aureus bacteria. The obtained antibacterial test results were based on the measurements of the formed clear zone diameter, so that it can be known the effectiveness status of the antibacterial sea cucumbers of each observation station. The results of the study show that the antibacterial effectiveness of sea cucumber H. atra in the Menjangan Besar waters is higher than in the Alang-alang waters. The increase of sea cucumber bioactive compounds in the waters of Menjangan Besar shows that the waters are suitable for the development zone of sea cucumber cultivation
Exploration of the collagen of non commercial sea cucumber Holothuria atra and commercial sea cucumber Stichopus vastus in the Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Yuniati Renni , Sulardiono Bambang
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Yuniati R, Sulardiono B. 2019. Exploration of the collagen of non commercial sea cucumber Holothuria atra and commercial sea cucumber Stichopus vastus in the Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia. Ocean Life 3: 18-23. The commercial value of sea cucumber needs to be explored because of the availability of bioactive compounds that play an important role in biological activities, including collagen. However, based on the content of compounds, each species has its own variety of values. This study aims to determine the partial characteristics of collagen content of sea cucumber Holothuria atra as a non-commercial sea cucumber and of sea cucumber Stichopus vastus as commercial sea cucumber in Karimunjawa, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The preparation stage includes the stages of sampling of sea cucumbers H. atra and S. vastus, followed by the cleaning and washing, and soaking in distilled water, in alcohol, in a solution of Tris-HCl and ethyleneadiaminatetraacetate (EDTA) and, at last, in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. It was continued by the extraction with immersion of 0.5 M acetic acid solution, and the isolation by precipitation in NaCl and dialysis solutions. In conclusion, the yield extract of H. atra and S. vastus both had no different values, namely 0.88% and 0.92% and it was classified as low. The whiteness degree of H. atra collagen was 61.60 ± 0.57% and it was higher than the degree of sea cucumber S. vastus which was 20 ± 1.00%. The functional group of sea cucumber H. atra consists of an amide with wave number of 3460.96 cm-1 and alkene with a wave number of 1636.77 cm, while in the functional collagen group, sea cucumber S. vastus contains amide with wave absorption number of 3434.28 cm-1 and alkene with wave absorption number of 1639.46 cm-1 and the strong absorption peak at 1033.85 cm-1 indicating the presence of free (C = O) bonds. The data and information obtained is used for the biological resource management plan in Karimunjawa.
The impacts of coastal community activities on the existence of the Waranggui mangrove forest in South Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Amir Ahmad , Maturbongs Rudi A. , Tapilatu Ricardo F
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Amir A, Maturbongs RA, Tapilatu RF. 2019. The impacts of coastal community activities on the existence of the Waranggui mangrove forest in South Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia. Ocean Life 3: 54-64. Coastal areas are generally complex, both economically and ecologically. Various types of community activities involving the use of natural resources in coastal areas have impacts on the ecological sustainability of coastal areas, particularly mangrove ecosystems. Mangrove forests serve as coastal protectors against tsunamis, buffer erosion and sediment traps, recycle nutrients, ensure fishery productivity, reduce the rate of seawater intrusion, support health, maintain biodiversity, and provide habitat for other aquatic ecosystems. The Waranggui area, Oransbari Sub-district, South Manokwari District, West Papua Province, Indonesia, is one of the coastal areas with a mangrove ecosystem, known by the community as a mangrove forest or mange mange. It is rich in natural resources and widely used by people who live around it. The objectives of this study are (i) Determining the current area of the Waranggui mangrove forest cover in the Oransbari Sub-district and analyzing its changes related to community activities. (ii) Determining and analyzing the socio-economic dimensions and the diversity of local wisdom of the Waranggui Village community in utilizing the mangrove forest. This study was descriptive qualitative-quantitative and focused on a case found in the field. Researchers described the object under study based on the data and facts obtained at the time of observation and interviews. The data obtained were further tested by using non-parametric statistics. The type of data used in this study was both primary data and secondary data. The following conclusions can be drawn from research on the effect of coastal community activities on the Waranggui mangrove forest in Oransbari Sub-district, South Manokwari District: (i) The Data from the DJI Phantom 4 Professional Drone at a flying height of 200 meters and a resolution of 5.1 cm/pixel, yielded data on the Waranggui mangrove forest covering 384.76 ha. After subtracting the measurement of the open land area of 7.91 ha, the actual area is 376.86 ha. The difference in area between the maps is thought to be due to the interpretation of the coastline and the identification of mangrove forest coverage, as well as the map’s resolution. (ii) The variable factor’s total scoring value is 270. This demonstrates that socioeconomic factors have a significant impact on the destruction of the Waranggui Oransbari mangrove forest in the South Manokwari District. As many as 100 percent of the community said they knew about mangroves and that their condition had begun to deteriorate and that they needed to be treated.