bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity Studies of V/K/Ca and V/Ks/Ce Based Catalysts for Diesel Soot Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Yong Heng , Xue Jian Zhong
Published: March 2009

The catalysts based on V/K/Ca and V/Ks/Ce systems for diesel soot catalytic oxidation were synthesized onto the porous alumina substrates. Both catalyst systems showed a good catalytic oxidation activity. The V/K/Ca system exhibited the lowest oxidation onset temperature (OOT) of about 359oC with a composition of V/K/Ca =1:1:0.1 where the V and Ca and/or K elements could form a kind of amorphous phase that determined the catalytic activity. The V/Ks/Ce system displayed the lowest OOT of about 350oC with a composition of V/Ks/Ce = 1:2:0.1 where the K2SO4 and K5V2O3(SO4)4 phases could contribute most to the catalytic activity.
Effect of Low Frequency and Power Ultrasonic Treatment on the Surface Adsorbed Organics and Visible Light Photocatalysis Activity of Nanosized TiO2 Photocatalyst
Authors: Hong Zhang Lian , Zhao Fu Rong , Tang Pei Song , Wang Min Quan
Published: March 2009

The effect of ultrasonic treatment under low frequency and power condition on the surface adsorption state and photocatalysis activity of nanosized TiO2 photocatalyst was studied. Results obtained from UV-Vis absorption spectra revealed that obvious differences of adsorption state on TiO2 powder surface were found after ultrasonic treatment, which agreed with the DTA-TG results that the thermal peaks varied with increasing ultrasonic treatment time. Furthermore, the photocatalysis activity for methyl-orange solution under visible light irradiation (≥450 nm) varied in a similar way with increasing ultrasonic treatment time. Present study revealed that the ultrasonic treatment was an effective way to study the relation between the surface adsorption state and photocatalysis activity of present nanosize TiO2 photocatalyst.
Effect of Drying Methods on Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosized Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Chen Qian Lin , Wu Jian Qing , Wang Jia Guo
Published: March 2009

Precursor of nanosized TiO2 was prepared by alkoxide hydrolysis method. It was dried by
common drying, far infrared drying, vacuum drying and supercritical drying before heat-treated at 600°C
and 800°C. Influence of drying process and treatment temperature on the crystalline phase composition
and photocatalytic activity were analyzed. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 dried by common and
far infrared drying is higher than that of the TiO2 dried by vacuum and supercritical drying after treated at
600°C. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 dried by common and far infrared drying is lower than that
of the TiO2 treated by the other two drying methods after treated at 800°C.
A Novel Preparation Route of YAG:Ce via Polymer Gel Precursor
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Li Qiang , Jiang Dan Yu
Published: March 2009

This paper reports a novel route to synthesize nano particles of YAG:Ce3+ luminescent materials via polymer gel precursor. In an aqueous solution containing Y(NO3)3, Ce(NO3)3 and Al(NO3)3, citric acid was added to improve the stability of the solution. Then, acrylamide and N,N`-methylenebis- acrylamide were added. The polymerization of mixture solution was initiated by adding (NH4)2S2O8. By heating the solution at 80oC for 3 h, a transparent gel was obtained. The gel was firstly transformed into active carbon by soaking it at 700oC in ultrahigh pure N2 atmosphere. Carbon in as-received mixture was then removed when the atmosphere was changed from nitrogen to air at the same heating temperature. Well dispersive nano powders of single phase YAG:Ce3+ were thus obtained. XRD, SEM and BET were used to study the characteristics of as-prepared nano YAG:Ce3+ powders.
A Novel Non-Aqueous Solvent Chemical Process to Synthesize Nano-ZrO2
Authors: Li Qiang , Jiang Dan Yu , Fan Ya Jun , Zhang Cheng
Published: March 2009

This paper reports a novel non-aqueous solvent chemical process to prepare nano ZrO2 powders. ZrOCl2•6H2O and urea were directly dissolved into an organic solvent of glycol. After this solution was put into an oven and reacted at 950C for 2 h, a transparent gel was obtained. As-received gel was heated at 2100C for 5 hrs to remove glycol, and dry powders were obtained. Then the powders were calcined at 7500C, and monoclinic phase of ZrO2 was obtained. With different concentration of ZrOCl2, a range of nano ZrO2 powders were obtained. Furthermore, a surfactant of polyglycol was added into the solution to improve the dispersion of nano-particles in the gel. XRD analysis confirmed the monoclinic phase of ZrO2. SEM imaging showed the characteristics of nanoparticles. BET analysis was employed to test the aggregation of as-received nano ZrO2 particles. Considering the effects of both the concentration of ZrOCl2 and the surfactant, the optimized synthesis process of nano ZrO2 particles was formed.
Influence of Ultrasonic Irradiation Power on the Synthesis Kinetics of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Prepared by a Wet Chemical Process
Authors: Cao Li Yun , Zhang Chuan Bo , Huang Jian Feng
Published: March 2009

Nano-particle hydroxyapatite (HAp) was directly prepared by a wet chemical precipitation
method with the aid of ultrasonic irradiation in solution using Ca(NO3)2, NH4H2PO4 and NH2CONH2 as
source materials. The nano-HAp formation rate at different preparation temperatures and under different
ultrasonic irradiation powers was measured and the influence of ultrasonic irradiation power on the
synthesis kinetics of the nano-hydroxyapatite was investigated. It was found that the nano-HAp content
increased with the increase of ultrasonic irradiation power, preparation temperature and reaction time.
Under different ultrasonic irradiation power, an Arrhenius relationship was found between the nano-HAp
formation rate and preparation temperature. It showed that with the increase of ultrasonic irradiation
power from 100W to 200W and 300W, the synthesis activation energy of nano-HAp crystallites decrease
from 63.2 KJ/mol to 59.9 KJ/mol and 48.1 kJ/mol respectively by calculation.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of V2O5 Nanostructures
Authors: Wang Ying , Cao Guo Zhong
Published: March 2009

In this seminar, I will present our recent work on the growth and electrochemical properties
of single crystalline vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanorod and Ni-V2O5·nH2O nanocable arrays. These
nanostructures were prepared by solution synthesis and template-based electrodeposition. Processing,
morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of these nanostructures will be discussed.
These nanostructured electrodes of vanadium pentoxide demonstrate significantly enhanced
intercalation capcity and charge/discharge rate compared to the plain film electrodes, due to the high
surface area and short diffusion distance offered by nanostructure.
Synthesis and Characterization of Refluxed Sols and TiO2 Thin Films Using TiOSO4
Authors: Ge Lei , Xu Ming Xia , Fang Hai Bo , Sun Ming
Published: March 2009

Nano anatase TiO2 thin films on glass slide substrates were prepared via a dip-coating method using refluxed sols (RS) as precursors, then dried under infrared light and calcined at 500°C for 30min. The RS sols and TiO2 films were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, UV-Vis and SEM. The photocatalytic activities of the film samples were tested by the degradation of methyl orange solution with a concentration of 10mg/L under UV light irradiation. The results reveal that the RS sols are flavescent, alkalescent and contain needle-like anatase crystals. The TiO2 films are uniform, compact and transparent, their maximal light transmittance exceed 80% under visible light region. The degradation of methyl orange results illustrate that the RS-6 TiO2 thin films show the best photocatalytic activities, the decoloration rate of the methyl orange solution with RS-6 TiO2 thin films reachs 99% after irradiated 160min under UV light.
Multifunctional BN/Si3N4 and TiN/Si3N4 Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Nitridation Method
Authors: Gao Lian , Jin Xi Hai , Li Jing Guo , Kusunose Takafumi , Niihara Koichi
Published: March 2009

Machinable BN/Si3N4 and electroconductive TiN/Si3N4 nanocomposites were prepared, using powders synthesized through an in-situ nitridation method in flowing ammonia gas. Due to the homogeneous mixing of various components in the powders, nanocomposites with homogeneous second phase distribution in the matrix were obtained. These nanocomposites showed enhanced strengths and distinctive functionalities. BN/Si3N4 nanocomposite with 20-25vol% BN showed a relatively high strength of over 700 MPa and was able to be machined into complicated shapes with diamond bits. Electroconductive TiN/Si3N4 nanocomposite with 25vol% TiN showed a high strength of 1100MPa and low electrical resistivity of 1.1×10-2 ⋅cm, and was promising for electrical discharge machining.
Microstructures and Multi-Toughening of ZrO2 Nano-Micron Fibers Self-Toughening Al2O3 Ceramics from In Situ Growth in the Melts Produced by Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhao Zhong Min , Zheng Jian , Bai Hong Bai , Wu Jiang
Published: March 2009

Al2O3/24%ZrO2 composite, which is mainly composed of lath-shaped and rod-shaped α-Al2O3
matrix containing ZrO2 nano-micron fibers, was obtained from in-situ growth in the melts produced by
combustion synthesis. The results from XRD, SEM and EPMA showed that, besides the rod-shaped and
lath-shaped α-Al2O3 grains, there are also t-ZrO2 or m-ZrO2 independent phases and Cr metallic particles
at the boundaries of rod-shaped grains. The strength and toughness were measured to be 1186 MPa and
12.8MPa·m0.5 respectively. The procedure for toughening ceramics relies on coordinated action of
multiple toughening mechanisms involving reinforcement-induced toughening by ZrO2 nano-micron
fibers, deflection-induced toughening, stress-induced transformation toughening, crack-bridging
toughening by lath-shaped α-Al2O3 grains as well as deformation-induced toughening by Cr metallic
particles, and promises the occurrence of a sharp rising R-curved behavior.
From Kaolins (with Addition of Al2O3) to Mullite Composite Nanocrystals: Experiments and Analysis
Authors: Chen Nan Chun , Chen Dong
Published: March 2009

Natural and raw high-silica kaolins are firstly processed into fine kaolin powders with
oxidation-reduction bleaching method before mixed with Al2O3 powders and then baked to produce
mullite composite oxides at temperature between 1050-1150°C. The mullite composite oxides are further
made into composite mullite nanocrystals by using open-system hydrothermal crystallization method
under normal pressure. Analysis of the final products show that the mullite nanocrystals are texturally
homogenous at an average size around 80-100 nm and have high thermal stability.
Improved Stability of Mn-Doped WO3 Varistor via Doping Cr2O3
Authors: Liu J.H. , Zhao Y. , Zhu X.T. , Wang Y.
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the effect of Cr2O3 addition on the electrical properties and microstructures of
WO3-MnO2 ceramics was studied. The samples were fabricated by the conventional solid phase reaction
techniques. The current-voltage curves and impedance spectra of sintered samples were measured at room
temperature. The samples without Cr2O3 doping exhibit the max nonlinear coefficient α above 8 in current
region from 1mA to 10mA and an unstable characteristic of current-voltage curve for repeat measuring
cycle, while the samples doped with Cr2O3 display lower nonlinearity with α about 5 and an improved
stability of current-voltage curve at the same conditions. The impedance measurements indicate that the
influence on electrical properties comes from grain boundary as well as grain. SEM shows the doping of
Cr2O3 into WO3-MnO2 ceramics suppresses obviously the growth of WO3, and XRD analysis reveals the
coexistence of WO3 phases with some manganese tungstates and chromium tungstates. The problems
related to electrical transporting mechanism were discussed simply.
Effect of Sintering Process on Microstructure of Al2O3/LiTaO3 Composite Ceramics
Authors: Zhang You Feng , Zhou Yu , Jia De Chang , Meng Qing Chang
Published: March 2009

Effects of different sintering methods such as pressureless sintering and hot press sintering on relative density and microstructure of the Al2O3p/LiTaO3 (ALT) composite ceramics were investigated to obtain a preferable sintering process. Relative densities of all ALT composites are below 90% when sintered with the cold isostatical pressing followed by pressureless sintering at temperatures of 1250 to 1350°C. The relative densities and microstructure of ALT composite ceramics with the hot press sintering process in a N2 atmosphere at 1150 and 1300°C were investigated. The relative density of ALT composite hot pressed at 1150°C is only 77%, and almost theoretical density at 1300°C. This indicates that sintering pressure plays an important role in the densification of ALT composite ceramics in temperature range of 1150 to 1350°C. Investigation on morphologies of the composites shows that the Al2O3 particles distributed along grain boundaries of LiTaO3, which leads to a fine-grained microstructure in the ALT composite ceramics
The Compressive Strength of Ceramic Microbeads
Authors: Zhang Xin Yue , Yang Jin Long
Published: March 2009

The compressive strengths of three kinds of ceramic microbeads, ZrO2 toughened mullite,
zirconium silicate and industrial zirconia, were studied in this paper. The densities of these ceramic
microbeads were 2.9, 3.5 and 5.3g/cm3. The weighted average of compressive strength of these ceramic
microbeads was 446.9, 500.8 and 917.3 N/mm2. It was concluded that the compressive strength of
ceramic microbeads was proportional to the toughness and Young's modulus of the materials, and a larger
diameter of the ceramic microbeads led to a higher compressive strength.
Application of Improved BP Neural Network in the Preparation Processing of the SrTiO3 Nanocrystalline
Authors: Luo Qiang , Ren Qing Li
Published: March 2009

A three-layer back-propagation neural network model based on the non-linear relationship
between the size of the SrTiO3 nanocrystalline and the technology factors, such as reaction time, reaction
temperature, raw material adding amount of NaOH and SrCl2, and the rate of TiCl4/Hl, was established.
Moreover, in order to accelerate the converging rate and avoid the non-converging situation, the
momentum terms are introduced. Besides, the variable learning speed is adopted. At the same time, the
input variables were pretreated by using the main component analysis firstly. And the results show that the
improved back-propagation neural network model is very efficient for predication of the SrTiO3
nanocrystalline size.
Lifetime Control and Prediction of ZrO2/CePO4 Composites
Authors: Du Hai Yan , Ou Xiu Juan , Han Jing , Wang Yu Ling
Published: March 2009

Based on the relation between the stress intensity factor Ki and the crack velocity V, lifetime
prediction and control were discussed and studied for machinable Ce-ZrO2/CePO4 ceramics. The
relationship among lifetime, starting cracks and grain sizes were investigated by a set of designed
simulation setting with a definite actual environmental conditions. It was concluded that crack started
from larger weak interfaces of two phases and linking of cracking weak interfaces each other, and the
lifetime of Ce-ZrO2/CePO4 composites could be controlled and predicted by adjusting of grain sizes of
CePO4, which was depended on design of composites.
Adsorption of the Au Atom on Si(001) Surface
Authors: Ju Wei Wei , Li Tong Wei
Published: March 2009

The adsorption of Au on clean Si(001) surface is investigated by the local density
approximation using first-principles pseudopotentials. We found that the adsorption energy of Au on ideal
Si(001)-(1×1) surface is lower than that on reconstructed Si(001)-(2×1) surface, suggesting that adsorbed
Au atoms chemically react with the surface Si atoms and break Si-Si dimer bonds of the substrate.
Furthermore, the intermixing of Au and Si is also considered and the calculation suggests that intermixing
will not take place at low temperature. But due to the small energy barrier for Au atoms to diffuse into Si
substrate, we can conclude that the Au-Si alloy is easily formed at relatively high temperature. This result
should be one of the reasons of the lack of consensus on the issue of intermixing of Au and Si.
Analysis of Capacity to Make Profits in Chinese Listed Ceramic Companies
Authors: Hua Rong Hui
Published: March 2009

This paper analyzed 6 public ceramic companies listed in Chinese “A” share market,
comparing their profit ratio from principal business, return of net assets, equity structure and principal
business scope with each other. The conclusion is that the capability to earn profit is poor among them,
then we discussed about how to improve companies’ profitability.
Experimental Study and Modeling of a Differential SMA Spring Actuator
Authors: Liu Xia Jie , Yan Shao Ze , Xu Feng , Wen Shi Zhu
Published: March 2009

A theoretical model of the displacement-heating response of the differential shape memory
alloy (SMA) actuator was developed. The model was constructed by using the constitutive equation
and considering the force equilibrium and the energy balance on the SMA. The output displacement
was predicted as a function of the heating power by the model and the simulations of the output
displacement and temperature of the SMA actuator were also obtained. To evaluate the model, a
prototype actuator which was made up of two SMA coil springs placed opposite each other was
briefly described and an experimental setup of the SMA actuator was developed to study the relations
among the heating power, the temperature and the output displacement of the SMA actuator. The
similarity between the simulated and experimental results verified the proposed model, which
indicated that the proposed model could express the thermo-mechanical behavior of the differential
Ni-Ti SMA actuators.
XPS Studies on Composite ZrO2-CeO2 Thin Films Deposited on Metal Substrate by Sol-Gel
Authors: Yu Xin Gang , Liu Lan Yun , Gong Yi , Ma Hong Wen , Bi Wen Yue , Zhao Hui Feng , Wang Li , Luo Wu Wen , Zuo Yan Bin
Published: March 2009

The influence of heat-treated temperature and the CeO2 content on the chemical composition
and the valence state of elements on surface of ZrO2-CeO2 thin films deposited on metal substrates has
been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results show that: elements of Fe, Cr, Zr, Ce exist in
the form of their respective stable state, such as Fe2O3, (Fe0.6Cr0.4)O3, ZrO2, CeO2, when heat treated at
600°C and 700°C for 2h respectively; with the increase of heat-treated temperature, the area of oxygen
with O1s peak corresponding to value of bonding energy 529.28ev increases, but the area of oxygen with
O1s peak corresponding to value of bonding energy 531.7ev decreases.
A Piezoelectric Actuator for Transporting Living Cells
Authors: Yuan Song Mei , Liu Qiang , Chen Zhi Tong , Zhuang Chi , Wang Fang
Published: March 2009

A novel piezoelectric actuator used for transporting some living cells in micro fluidic systems
is presented. The mechanism of the living cell transportation is studied based on the acoustics principles.
The structural resonant model and a solid-liquid coupling analysis are obtained by FEM. The works will
be useful for design optimization of some corresponding actuators and their applications.
Electrical Conductivity of Mixed Conductors (YO1.5)x-(CeO2)y-(ZrO2)1-x-y
Authors: Zhou Xiang Yong , Fan Zeng , Tang Zi Long , Zhang Zhong Tai
Published: March 2009

The Y2O3-ZrO2 binary system ceramic is considered to be most developed in application to the
ZrO2-based materials. A cubic fluorite structure is generally achieved, as the metal ion of the additive (Y)
takes place of the Zr4+ and oxygen ion vacancies are produced in the lattice to maintain the charge balance.
This leads to almost totally ionic conductivity. The introduction of changeable valued CeO2 can further
improve the total electronic conductivity through the defect equilibrium reaction between tetravalent Ce4+
and trivalent Ce3+ at high temperature and reducing atmosphere. In this study, solid phase synthesis
method was employed for the preparation of (YO1.5)x-(CeO2)0.08-(ZrO2)0.9-x and (YO1.5)0.05-(CeO2)y-
(ZrO2)0.95-y ceramics, while four probe DC conductivity measurement method was also applied under the
temperature between 300 to 800°C. The results prove that the concentration of Y3+ is the main
contribution of the electrical conductivity at low temperature.
Design and Preparation of Nano-Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Lin Hong , Wang Ning , Yang Xiao Zhan , Li Jian Bao
Published: March 2009

In this paper, firstly, titanate nanotubes was synthesized by hydrothermal method with
commercial antase-type TiO2 powder as the raw material. TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) can be obtained by
heat-treating the as-prepared titanate nanotubes at 400 °C. Secondly, an electrode with 30 % TNTs
and 70% nanocrystalline TiO2 was designed and prepared successfully. By using the nano-electrode
as the photoanode of DSC, the light-to-energy conversion efficiency of 5.42 % was obtained. In
addition, the effect of hydrothermal temperature on the crystal growth of nanotubes and the effect of
tert-butyl pyridine (TBP) on the photoelectric performance of the DSC were also discussed.
Spinel Li4Ti5O12/C Composites as Potential Anode Materials of Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Jun Rong , Tang Zi Long , Luo Shao Hua , Lu Jun Biao , Zhang Zhong Tai
Published: March 2009

Here the spinel Li4Ti5O12/C composites were prepared by a modified high temperature
solid-state reaction. The as prepared Li4Ti5O12/C composites showed enhanced electrochemical
lithium insertion performance in reversible capacity and rate capabilities. The improved
electrochemical properties are attributed to the reduced grain size and the improved electronic
conductivity caused by the pyrolytic carbon incorporated into the spinel Li4Ti5O12 particle. The spinel
Li4Ti5O12/C composites with improved electrochemical properties may find versatile applications in
various energy storage devices.
Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Ag Doped Silica Inverse Opals
Authors: Fu Ming , Zhou Ji , Li Bo , Xiao Qun Fang , Wang Yue Hui , Li Long Tu
Published: March 2009

Nanocrystalline Ag doped silica inverse opals were prepared by a sol-gel chemistry method via templating of polystyrene colloidal crystals. The ordered structures of colloidal crystal templates and inverse opals are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Ag nanocrystals size is estimated as 20~30nm by Scherrer Formula from X-ray diffraction. The color and the stop band of the inverse opals are characterized by transmission spectrum. And five emission peaks of the nanocrystalline silver clusters are observed from fluorescence spectrum.
Large Nonlinear Optical Property of SrBi2Nb2O9 Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Chen Kan Song , Gu Hao Shuang , Xu Li , Chen Zhen Xing
Published: March 2009

Well-crystallized SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) thin films with good surface morphology were fabricated
on quartz glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering technique at a deposition temperature of 600°C
under the O2/Ar(3:1) pressure of 2.4 Pa for 2 hour. The films exhibited bismuth-layered perovskite phase
structure without pyrochlore phase and the ratio of Sr:Bi:Nb is about 1:1.92:1.98. The nonlinear optical
properties of the films were determined by a single beam Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 532 nm
with laser duration of 25 ps. The measured values of the real and imaginary parts of the third-order
nonlinear optical susceptibility were 4.324×10-8esu and 1.278×10-8esu, respectively. The large nonlinear
optical effect shows that the SrBi2Nb2O9 thin films have great potential application in designing nonlinear
optical devices.
Preparation of a New Red Long Afterglow Phosphor Strontium Aluminate Composition
Authors: Zhang Ping , Xu Ming Xia , Zhao Jin Wei , Qin Yu Xing , Lv Yi Wei
Published: March 2009

A new red afterglow phosphor Sr3Al2O6: Eu2+, Dy3+ was synthesized by solid-state reaction and
sintered at 1150°C for 2h in reducing atmosphere. Red long lasting phosphorescence of the prepared
materials is observed in the dark with naked eye after the removal of the excitation light. From the
photoluminescence spectra, the broad emission band centered at 612 nm is confirmed. Excitation band
chiefly lies in visible range and its maximum peak is at 473nm. Luminescence mechanism is studied.
Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Ce3+-Activated SrGa2O4 and Sr(Ga-Al)2O4
Authors: Qiao Bin , Tang Zi Long , Zhang Zhong Tai , Chen Lei
Published: March 2009

Ce3+-doped SrGa2O4 was synthesized by citrate-gel with citric acid as chelate agent and
sintered in a slightly reduced atmosphere of hydrogen and nitrogen mixture. It was found that the
phosphor synthesized by citrate-gel can be sintered at relatively lower temperature. The luminescent
properties of Ce3+-activated SrGa2O4 and the complex Sr(Ga-Al)2O4 were studied.
Relations between the Morphology of ZnO Powders and the Electrical Performance of ZnO Varistors
Authors: Mielcarek Witold , Bernik Slavko , Prociów Krystyna
Published: March 2009

Because of their unusual properties – non-ohmic behavior and the ability to absorb a lot of
energy – metal-oxide varistors are widely used for the protection of electrical and electronic devices
against over-voltages. ZnO ceramics have varistor properties because of their metal-oxide additives
and the microstructures developed during sintering. The value of the varistor voltage depends largely
on the number of conducting ZnO grains between the electrodes; this can be set by controlling the
thickness of the device or the size of the grains. The desired grain size can be achieved by altering the
composition of the metal-oxide additives and the sintering conditions. In this work the grain growth
was controlled by combining two ZnO powders of differing sinterability in the starting material. Also,
the use of BaBiO2.77 as a precursor for Bi2O3 is an innovation in varistor technology that makes it
possible to reduce the amount of added metal oxides. As a result, a variety of varistors with good
varistor properties and a wide range of working parameters were produced.
Equivalent Model of Modified Bismuth Oxides Described by Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Janiczek Tomasz , Nowak Dorota , Mielcarek Witold , Prociów Krystyna
Published: March 2009

Metal oxide modified Bi2O3 finds the application in metal oxide varistors and as ionic
conductors. Electrical properties of MeO-modified Bi2O3 change with MeO modifier and sintering
temperature. In this paper we report how to predict Bi2O3 electrical properties using simulation model.
Measurements of the electrical response of the modified Bi2O3 oxides were carried out using the
impedance spectroscopic technique. As a result an equivalent model of electrical behaviour of
modified Bi2O3, described by fractional derivates was proposed. To test the model, the series of
simulation were run on computer, and after subjecting the results to verification the equivalent
parameters of electrical circuit were determined. Model was elaborated with the view of facilitating
the research on metal oxide ionic conductors and varistors.
A New Low-Temperature Sintering Method for NiCuZn Ferrite
Authors: Bian Pei , Ju Dong Ying
Published: March 2009

Low temperature sintering NiCuZn ferrite was employed at most cases due to its co-firability
with Ag (below 960°C). The purpose of this study is to fabricate NiCuZn ferrite sintered body with
high-strength and high-frequency magnetic properties. Following is the procedure: firstly, NiCuZn ferrite
powder was synthesized under CO2 atmosphere at 500°C from the mixed doxalate synthesized by liquid
phase deposition method; then a small amount of boric acid [H3BO3] was added to the powder, and the
NiCuZn ferrite powder compact was prepared with Newton press and CIP methods; finally, NiCuZn
ferrite sintered body was fabricated by sintering at 900°C under CO2 atmosphere. By this method,
NiCuZn ferrite sintered body with 0.5 mass% boric acid was obtained, which was additive with strength
340 MPa, high frequency applied scope below 20MHz and initial permeability 38.
Effect of Phase Formation on Magnetism of Sol-Gel Derived PbTiO3/(Ni, Pb) Ferrite Composite Powders
Authors: Dong Yan Ling , Du Pi Yi , Weng Wen Jian , Han Gao Rong
Published: March 2009

Ferroelectric/ferromagnetic multiphase powdered composites, consisting of PbTiO3 as ferroelectric
phase and NiFe2O4 (PbFe12O19) as ferromagnetic phase, were successfully prepared in situ by
sol-gel process. The phase structure, morphology and magnetism properties were observed. Biphase
powdered ME composite consisting of PbTiO3 and NiFe2O4 is obtained at 700oC. Triphase composite
consisting of PbTiO3, NiFe2O4 and PbFe12O19 is obtained above 750oC. With increasing heat-treatment
temperature, the particles combine more tightly and the particle size decreases. The saturation magnetization
(σs) and the initial permeability (μi) increase with the increase of NiFe2O4 content. The coercive
force (Hc) increases with the increase of PbFe12O19 content.
Growth and Characterization of BaZrO3 Buffer Layer for Textured YBCO Thin Films Growth on MgO (00l) Substrate
Authors: Chung Jun Ki , Kim Won Jeong , Lee Sung Gap , Kim Cheol Jin
Published: March 2009

Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO) films were grown on MgO single crystalline substrates
using a BaZrO3 (BZO) buffer layer deposited by a pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Deposition condition
has been optimized to obtain good epitaxial BZO film followed by deposition of YBCO superconducting
films. The crystallinity and microstructure of epitaxial YBCO/ BZO/ MgO (00l) films were investigated
by a two-dimensional x-ray diffraction and a field emission scanning electron microscope. The in-plane
(φ-scan) measurements for the BZO films (200 ~ 500 nm thick) grown on MgO substrates revealed a
narrow full width half maximum (0φ = 2o). The XRD results exhibited that YBCO films with a BZO
buffer layer were well oriented in the [00l] direction perpendicular to the substrate surface. The BZO
films also showed homogeneous and dense surface morphologies. By the deposition of a subsequent BZO
buffer layer, YBCO was grown epitaxially on MgO with results showing a critical current density (Jc) of ~
3.3 × 106 A/cm2 and a critical temperature (Tc) of 86 K.
Effect of Treatment Process on the Structure and Properties of Sr0.48Ba0.24Ca0.28TiO3-Based Varistor Ceramics
Authors: Xu Yu Xing , Tang Zi Long , Zhang Zhong Tai , Xu Li Hai
Published: March 2009

Sr0.48Ba0.24Ca0.28TiO3-based varistor ceramics with an excellent capacitor-varistor multifunctional characteristics (V1mA = 11 ~ 49 ν.mm-1, α = 6.1 ~ 11.3, ε r max=3.5×105, tanδmin = 5%) were prepared using conventional solid method. The effect of oxidation temperature and time on structure and electrical properties were investigated. The results show that with increasing the oxidation temperature from 800°C to 900°C, the varistor voltage V1mA and non-linearity coefficient α defining varistor characteristics increase linearly, while the dielectric constant ε r and dielectric loss tanδ decrease linearly. There exists an optimum α value when the specimens were oxidized at 850°C for 3h. This behavior was explained through various defect reactions of dopants.
Preparation and Characterization of Sr, Ba Filled Type-I Ge Clathrate Single Crystals
Authors: Cai Ke Feng , Zhang L.C. , Lei Q.
Published: March 2009

Sr or Ba filled type-I Ge clathrate single crystals were prepared using high pure elemental Ga,
Ge, and Sr or Ba as the starting materials, and Ga as a flux. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were used to characterize
the crystals, respectively. The results show that large and well-crystallized single crystals can be prepared
under optimum synthesis condition. The composition of the crystals is in good agreement with the
nominal composition (M8Ga16Ge30, M=Sr, Ba). Raman spectra of the single crystals were studied at room
temperature and several of the Raman active vibrational modes in the crystals have been identified.
Carbothermal Preparation of Ultra-Fine TiB2 Powders Using Solution-Derived Precursors via Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Yan Yong Jie , Huang Zheng Ren , Dong Shao Ming , Jiang Dong Liang
Published: March 2009

Ultra-fine titanium diboride (TiB2) powders have been prepared by carbothermal reduction reactions in TiO2-B2O3-C system using tetrabutyl titanate, boric acid and phenolic resin as the solution-derived precursors. The reactions were substantially completed at relatively lower temperature (<1400°C) and the resulting products had a smaller average crystallite size (< 200 nm). However, below 1100°C, titanium carbide was the predominant phase and the relative content decreased with the rise of temperature. The thermodynamic change in TiO2-B2O3-C system was mainly studied by TG-DTA and the mechanism of synthesis of TiB2 was discussed. The crystallite size and morphology of the synthesized powders were characterized by SEM and TEM.
A New Homogeneous Precipitation Route to Ammonium Aluminum Carbonate Hydroxide
Authors: Bai Shi He , Pan Wei , Wan Chun Lei
Published: March 2009

A new precipitation route to ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) was
presented. There was an incubation period before AACH precipitated. Effects of synthesis parameters
such as pH of ammonium hydrogen carbonate solution, precipitation temperature, concentration of
aluminum citrate and type of anions on the precipitation of ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide
were discussed. It was found that the incubation period decreased with the increasing pH of AHC solution,
concentration of aluminum citrate and the decreasing reaction temperature. Compared to NO3
-, SO4
2-
delayed the formation of AACH and enlarged the particle size of AACH.
Research on Influence of the Cutter Rake Angle to the Surface Quality during SPDT Machining of Crystal KDP
Authors: Chen Ming Jun , Wang Jing He , Liang Ying Chun , Yuan D.Y.
Published: March 2009

Influence of the cutter rake angle to the surface quality of crystal KDP is analyzed
theoretically in this paper. Analysis result shows that the tension stress reaches minimum in the
crystal KDP cutting region and optimal value of the surface quality is obtained as cutter rake angle
is about -45°. Cutting experimental of different cutter rake angle is realized on the machine tool.
Experimental results show that the surface roughness of the crystal KDP reach minimum (rms is
6.521nm, Ra is 5.151nm) as the cutter rake angle is about -45°, this experiment certifies the
correctness of this theory analysis. Theory analysis and experimental results show that influence of
the cutter rake angle to surface quality of the crystal KDP is very large, for ultra-precision
machining of the crystal KDP, when large negative rake diamond cutter (-45°) is adopted, the
super-smooth surface can be obtained.
Fine ELID Grinding on the Symmetric Paraboloidal Mirror of Quartz
Authors: Guo J. , Ohmori Hitoshi , MORITA Shinya , Watanabe Y. , Uehara Yoshihiro , Suzuki T. , Ikeda K. , Shimizu H.M.
Published: March 2009

Quartz has excellent optical properties and thus it is often used as the material of mirror
and lens. However, it is almost impossible to be machined by cutting due to its brittle and high
hardness. Grinding is a common method for machining quartz. One of the authors designed a new
type of a paraboloidal mirror of quartz for the neutron optical devices. The fabrication process of
this mirror was investigated in this experiment. A jig with two grooves of 90 degrees was made and
two workpieces were stuck on the jig using the wax melt at about 60 degrees centigrade. The two
workpieces were first ground applying ELID (electrolytic in-process dressing) grinding method
with #325 and #1200 cast iron bonding diamond abrasive wheels. Then the ground surface was
polished with CeO2 slurry. The finished surface roughness was Ra2.0nm and rms2.4nm and its form
error about 2μm. After coating process, its properties of focusing neutron beam were measured. The
results were that the reflecting rate was 42%, gain 1.9 and 2.3mm×10.1mm beam focused to
1.6mm×2.1mm.
A High Precision Focus Probe for the Quality Assessment of Grating Pitches
Authors: Chen Y.J. , Fan Kuang Chao , Liu Y.S. , Cheng F.
Published: March 2009

An innovative high precision optical focus probe has been developed to measure the
grating pitches. This probe uses characteristics of FES (focus error signal) of the modified DVD
pickup head. Experimental tests showed the linear range of FES of this probe to the gratings was
5μm, the resolution was less than 1nm, the time stability was 5nm in 10 minutes, and positioning
repeatability was better than 12nm. This system was applied to measure the grating pitch of 1200
lines per 1mm. The quality of the grating was assessed by the average of sampled pitches and its
standard deviation. The inspected results can be an index to improve the process control of the
grating fabrication.
Method of Microelectrode with Electrochemical Machining and its Applications
Authors: Wang Zhen Long , Zhu Bao Guo
Published: March 2009

According to the present situation of microelectrode machining, the fabrication technology
of microelectrode is put forward by the method of high frequency short pulses in electrochemical
machining (ECM). The mechanism of pulses ECM is depicted firstly. Then the system of ECM is
designed. After the experiment of technology analyzed, a microelectrode with nice surface is
machined successfully. The diameter of the microelectrode is 7μm and the radius of its top is 50nm,
which is made of tungsten filament. It could provide the simple electrode for further electrical
machining or micro probe for scanning probe microscopy. The surface property, structure, and
microhardness of the microelectrode are analyzed. The surface property and the machining capability
of the microelectrode are compared with the microelectrode machined by electrical discharge
machining (EDM). The superiority of the microelectrode machined by ECM is shown fully. The
practicability and reliability are proved by the research of experimentations.
Fabrication of 3-Dimensional Microstructures Using Dynamic Image Projection
Authors: Choi J.W. , Ha Y.M. , Choi K.H. , Lee Seok Hee
Published: March 2009

As demand for complex precision parts increase, the existing fabrication methods such as
MEMS, and LIGA technology have technical limitations with regard to high precision, high aspect
ratio, and high complexity. A microstereolithography technology based on DMDTM(Digital
Micromirror Device) can meet these demands. DMD enables a system to handle dynamic patterns. In
this technology, the same standard format of the conventional rapid prototyping system, the STL file,
is used, and 3D parts are fabricated by stacking layers that are sliced as 2D section from STL file.
Whereas in conventional methods, the resin surface is cured by scanning laser beam spot according to
the section shape, but in this research, we used an integral process which enabled the resin surface to
be cured by one irradiation. In this paper, we dealt with the dynamic pattern generation and DMD
operation to fabricate microstructures. Firstly, the microstereolithography apparatus and process
were discussed. Secondly, the DMD operation according to mirror tilting, and optimal mounters for
DMD and reflecting mirror according to light path were described. And thirdly, complex 3D
microstructures were demonstrated.
Seismic Damage Characteristics of RC Shear Wall with Diagonal Profile Steel Braces by Experiment
Authors: Xiao Shi Yun , Li Hong Nan , Zhao Yan Gang , Zhang Jing Wei
Published: March 2009

This paper focuses on an experimental investigation and theoretical analysis of different
types of RC shear wall with the profile steel braces in two side columns and diagonal profile steel
braces of walls subjected to applied repeated cyclic loads. Fifteen RC shear walls with different
shear span ratio are tested and their aseismic charactertics are studied. The effect of profile steel
bracings on failure property, bearing capacity, ductility and hysteretical characteristic of shear wall
is investigated based on experimental results. It is shown that adding the profile steel braces on the
boundary column and inner of walls can obviously enhance the ultimate strength of specimens and
improve their aseismic characteristics. Finally, the mechanical model of the shear wall is presented
and the formulae for calculating the load-carrying capacity are developed. Numerical analyses
indicate that the theoretical results agree well with those from experiments.
Effects of Stacking Sequence on Notched Strengths of Cross-Ply CFRP Laminates and Analysis Using a Cohesive Zone Model
Authors: Kawai Masamichi , Tanaka Akihiro
Published: March 2009

Effects of the thickness of plies of the same orientation on the notched strength of
symmetric cross-ply CFRP laminates are examined. Three kinds of symmetric cross-ply CFRP
laminates with the same total number of plies and the different number and sequence of adjacent
laminae of the same orientation are used. Notch sensitivity of those laminates is evaluated for
different shapes of notches: double-edge notches (DEN) and a center open hole (CH). Validity of
an analytical cohesive zone model (CZM) is evaluated by comparing with experimental results
on the three kinds of cross-ply laminates with a center hole. It is clearly observed that the tensile
fracture strengths of the DEN and CH specimens significantly reduce as the notch size increases.
The sensitivity to notches is highest in the case of alternating cross-ply configuration. The results
of this study suggest that additional energy dissipation due to damage around notches should
appropriately be considered to estimate the effective fracture toughness used in CZM
calculations, especially for a class of cross-ply laminates with lower notch sensitivity.
Effects of Crystallographic Texture on Plastic Flow Localization
Authors: Kuroda Mitsutoshi
Published: March 2009

In this study, effects of typical texture components observed in rolled aluminum alloy
sheets (i.e. Copper, Brass, S, Cube and Goss texture components) on plastic flow localization are
studied. The material response is described by a generalized Taylor-type polycrystal model, in which
each grain is characterized in terms of an elastic-viscoplastic continuum slip constitutive relation.
First, forming limits of thin sheet set by sheet necking are predicted using a Marciniak–Kuczynski
(M–K-) type approach. It is shown that only the Cube texture component yields forming limits higher
than that for a random texture in the biaxial stretch range. Next, three-dimensional shear band
analyses are performed, using a three-dimensional version of M–K-type model, but the overall
deformation mode is restricted to a plane strain state. From this simple model analysis, two important
quantities regarding shear band formation are obtained: i.e. the critical strain at the onset of shear
banding and the corresponding orientation of shear band. It is concluded that the Cube texture
component is said to be a shear band free texture, while some texture components exhibit
significantly low resistance to shear band formation. Finally, shear band developments in plane strain
pure bending of sheet specimens with the typical textures are studied.
Techniques for Determining Mechanical Properties of Power-Law Materials by Instrumented Indentation Tests
Authors: Lin J. , Luo J. , Dean Trevor A.
Published: March 2009

A novel optimization approach is proposed to extract mechanical properties of a power
law material from its given experimental nano-indentation P-h curves. A set of equations have been
established to relate the P-h curve to mechanical properties, E, σ
y and n, of a material. Using the
proposed optimization approach, convergence studies were carried out for the determination of the
mechanical properties of materials. It was found that the mechanical properties of an elastic-plastic
material usually cannot be uniquely determined using a single loading and unloading P-h curve.
Thus a technique has also been developed to determine the material properties from indentation p-h
curves using indenters with two different angles. This enables the mechanical properties of
materials to be uniquely determined.
Numerical and Experimental Approach for Rectangular Cup of Li-Ion Battery Container with Extreme Aspect Ratio
Authors: Ku Tae Wan , Ryu Ho Yeun , Lee June Key , Kang Beom Soo
Published: March 2009

The main goal of this study was to develop the technique of process design and
manufacturing for a rectangular deep drawn cup with very narrow width by using finite element
analysis scheme and a series of experiments. The manufacturing process of this rectangular cup
required several intermediate steps to generate the final shape. The multi-stage deep drawing process
was applied to finite element analysis, and a continuous progressive press was employed in a series of
experiments. Final specifications of the rectangular deep drawn cup were length of 33.70mm, height
of 48.30mm and width of 3.46mm, respectively. In this study, finite element analysis for this drawing
process was carried out from the first to the seventh stage, and a series of practical experiment was
performed. These simulated results of the rectangular cup were compared with the prototypes of the
experiments in view of the deformed shape in each mid-part. The results of finite element analysis
showed good agreement with those from the experiments.
Surface Modified Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofiber for the Artificial Corneal Stroma
Authors: Kobayashi Hisatoshi
Published: March 2009

Previously we have found that the immobilization of Type I collagen on the
poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) hydrogel disc was effective in supporting adhesion and growth of the
corneal epithelium and stromal cell in vitro. But the durability of the produced corneal epithelium
layer in vivo has some problem. We hypothesized the cell construction force is much stronger than
the force of the cell adhesion on the flat modified PVA surfaces. Therefore the improvement of
mechanical anchoring force between the substrate and formed corneal cell layer maybe become one
of the solving methods. In this study, we prepared the PVA nanofiber mat by using the
electrospinning method and the surface modification of the PVA nanofiber was studied to improve
the durability of the corneal epithelium layer. The collagen-immobilized PVA nanofiber sheets
could support the adhesion and proliferation of rabbit corneal epithelial cells. And the stratified
corneal epithelium structure was observed on the PVA nanofiber sheets when the epithelium was
co-cultured with rabbit corneal stromal cells. It means that the corneal epithelium was well
differentiated on the collagen immobilized PVA nanofiber sheet. The stability of the corneal
epithelium layer on the PVA was dramatically improved; the stratified epithelium layer was kept for
two weeks after the differentiation introduction, totally after one month. A light transmittance of
these materials is not yet enough. Further study to improve the transmission of light, is required.
Preparation of Sericin Film and its Cytocompatibility
Authors: Xie Rui Juan , Li Ming Zhong , Lu Shen Zhou , Sheng Wei Hua , Xie Yu Feng
Published: March 2009

Bombyx mori Sericin films were prepared with PEG-DE as cross linking agent. The main
physical properties, structure characteristics, cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of sericin films were
measured and analyzed. The result showed that sericin films prepared by cast method containing
30-40% of PEG-DE, showed good mechanical properties. PEG-DE caused the changes of the
condensed structure of sericin films. The films prepared from sericin extracted both from silk-gland
and cocoon shell showed good cytocompatibility. Silk sericin films with PEG-DE had no obvious
cytotoxicity to cells.