bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The current status of invasive alien insect species in South Korea
Authors: Kim Dayeong , Lee Min-Ji , Lee Heejo , Ban Young-Gyu , Kim Dong Eon
Published: July 2022

We investigated the identity and distribution of the invasive alien insect species inhabiting Korean ecosystems, targeting 3,249 locations in nine regions between 2015 and 2018. In natural ecosystems, we identified 63 species in 43 families and nine orders of invasive alien insect species, respectively. We observed that the order Hemiptera exhibited the highest species diversity with 20 species. Gyeonggi-do was where the highest number of invasive alien insect species were identified (45 species). Species richness analysis revealed that Jeju-do showed the highest Dominance Index (0.8), whereas Gyeongsangnam-do had the highest Diversity Index (2.8). Corythucha marmorata (Hemiptera: Tingidae), Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomeridae), Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) (Hemiptera: Flatidae) and Pochazia shantungensis (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) were distributed in more than 300 locations of the country. Invasive alien insect species inhabited the roadsides (31.3%), farmlands (18.3%) and parks (16.6%). In this study, we list the invasive alien insect species in Korean ecosystems and provide a basis for selecting primary management target species.
A new sexannulate species of Orobdella (Hirudinea, Arhynchobdellida, Orobdellidae) from Kii-Oshima Island, Japan
Authors: Nakano Takafumi
Published: July 2022

A large-type sexannulate leech species, Orobdella ibukifukuyamaisp. nov., from Kii-Oshima Island, Japan, is described based on morphologic and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, histone H3, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, tRNACys, tRNAMet, 12S rRNA, tRNAVal, 16S rRNA, tRNALeu and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 markers showed that O. ibukifukuyamai formed a clade with the sexannulate O. okanoi Nakano, 2016 and O. yamaneae Nakano, 2016 and octannulate O. nakahamai Nakano, 2016, which are endemic to Shikoku island, Japan.
Quand la recherche en islamologie sert l’islamophobie
Authors: Hanne Olivier
Published: July 2022

L’analyse philologique de la formation du Coran, pourtant limitée à des cercles érudits et universitaires, a été réutilisée depuis 2005 par des réseaux proches du catholicisme fondamentaliste afin de démontrer l’inanité de l’islam. Très présents sur Internet, ces groupes simplifient certaines thèses scientifiques et les diffusent sous forme polémique, prélude à des missions d’évangélisation, dont l’Église officielle se démarque mal.
Les sciences sociales au Liban, miroir du morcellement de la société et de la dépendance étrangère
Authors: Longuenesse Élisabeth
Published: July 2022

Que nous disent les travaux de sciences sociales d’une société libanaise dont la réalité est souvent masquée par une masse des stéréotypes trompeurs. Quelle connaissance de la société libanaise est-elle produite – et enseignée ? Dans quel cadre et dans quelles conditions, dans quelle mesure, cette production de connaissances est-elle en mesure d’éclairer les acteurs, économiques et politiques, publics et privés. Un ouvrage récent éclaire les conditions de production d’un savoir en sciences sociales et leurs limites et nous offre ce faisant un panorama aussi passionnant que révélateur des difficultés de structuration d’un « champ des sciences sociales », en miroir de la fragmentation et de l’extraversion de la société libanaise.
Le Tractatus et les sciences
Authors: Chauviré Christiane
Published: July 2022

Le premier Wittgenstein expose dans le Tractatus une philosophie des sciences marquée par le conventionnalisme complété d’un certain vérificationnisme assuré par la logique de l’ Abbildung . Pour autant il ne développe aucune idéologiste scientiste. A partir de 1929, sa philosophie prend un tournant grammatical : la « grammaire » de la science comporte non seulement les lois logiques, mais aussi la partie théorique des sciences de la nature. L’assimilation des grandes théories (Copernic, Darwin, Freud) à des « vues synoptiques » rassemblant une quantité de phénomènes, comme les paradigmes de Kuhn, n’empêche pas Wittgenstein de donner à sa philosophie le tour d’un incontestable réalisme (au sens de Cora Diamond). La dernière partie de ce texte essaie d’apprécier, à partir de Wittgenstein, les différences et les relations entre science et philosophie dans le naturalisme contemporain.
Contribution of 40K arising from agropastoral activities to the total effective dose by plant ingestion in the Far-North, Cameroon
Authors: Richard Awe , François Koyang , Samuel Bineng Guillaume , Ayoba Ndimantchi , Didier Takoukam Soh Serge , Saïdou
Published: July 2022

This study assesses the level of radioactivity, its corresponding dose and risk in areas of intense agropastoral activities in the Mayo-Sava, Mayo-Tsanaga and Mayo-Kani Divisions of the Far North region of Cameroon. The ultimate aim is to show that beyond the geological structure and mineralogical composition of the soil, agricultural fertilizers and animal droppings from livestock farming can contribute significantly to the elevation of the 40K-induced radioactivity level in an environment. Natural radionuclide analysis was carried out on 55 soil samples collected from the three aforementioned localities, using a laboratory NaI (Tl) gamma spectrometer. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K were 41, 59 and 529 Bq/kg respectively. The total effective dose to the public and the risk of cancer morbidity were generated by RESRAD-ONSITE code version 7.2. The 0.7 mSv/year maximum total effective dose was estimated at time t = 38 years, with contributions of 56%, 37.3%, 3.9%, 2.1%, 0.7% and 0.07% from plant ingestion, external exposure, meat ingestion, milk ingestion, soil ingestion and inhalation, respectively. Potassium-40 (40K) from plant ingestion is the major contributor. The doses in the initial year of agropastoral activity and the total excess cancer risk were 0.3 mSv/year and 1.165×10-3 respectively. The 40K contributions to effective dose from plant ingestion obtained in this work are high compared to areas where agropastoral activities are not intensive. This may be due to the various fertilizers and animal droppings distributed in nature which are very rich in potassium. Although potassium is essential to life, it is nevertheless necessary for radiation protection to take into account this type of radiological exposure which is not without harmful effects on the environment and health.
Equilibrium in a civilized jungle
Authors: Rubinstein Ariel , Yildiz Kemal
Published: July 2022

The
jungle model with an equal number of agents and objects is enriched by adding a
language, which is a set of orderings over the set of agents. An assignment of an agent to an object is
justified within a group of agents if there is an ordering according to which that agent is the best suited in the group. A
civilized equilibrium is an assignment such that every agent is the
strongest in the group of agents consisting of himself and those who wish to be assigned to the object and can be justified within this group.

We present (i) conditions under which the equilibrium in a civilized jungle is identical to the jungle equilibrium, (ii) a connection between the power relation and the language that is essentially necessary and sufficient for the existence of a Pareto efficient civilized equilibrium, and (iii) an analogue to the second welfare theorem.
Cosas públicas: emergencias de la soberanía democrática entre los comunes y el espacio compartido
Authors: Menéndez Alzamora Manuel
Published: July 2022

El trabajo aborda críticamente la construcción de una teoría política de las cosas públicas por la pensadora Bonnie Honig. A tal fin, se rastrean en primer término los orígenes de dicha teoría concebida en clave de respuesta a la crisis de la soberanía democrática ante los efectos disolventes del emergente universo cosmopolita y el pujante retroceso de lo público. En segundo lugar, se insertan sus raíces en el complejo escenario teórico que ha provocado el giro posthumanista en las ciencias sociales, situando su aportación en el contexto del materialismo vital concebido como una expresión específicamente política del nuevo materialismo; de esta manera se contrastan las ventajas del enfoque material frente a las teorizaciones sobre los comunes o el espacio compartido. En tercer y último lugar, se analiza críticamente la porosidad conceptual del planteamiento de Honig proponiendo nuevos instrumentos teóricos capaces de profundizar en la potencia de concernir que tienen las cosas públicas.
La deliberación y la toma democrática de decisiones como bien común
Authors: Madorrán Ayerra Carmen , Del Buey Cañas Ramón
Published: July 2022

Con este artículo tratamos de responder parcialmente a la pregunta: ¿Cómo dar lugar a lo común desde la deliberación y la toma democrática de decisiones en sistemas humanos complejos, altamente diversos desde el punto de vista económico, social y cultural? Para ello, proponemos entender los procesos de deliberación y toma democrática de decisiones en sí mismos como común. En primer lugar, ilustraremos cómo en la actualidad dichos procesos pueden incurrir en la llamada “tragedia de los anticomunes”, y señalaremos tres problemas centrales a este respecto: la individualización de la responsabilidad ciudadana, la erosión de los canales de información y formación de la opinión pública y la estrechez del ámbito de la deliberación y toma democrática de decisiones. En segundo lugar, ofreceremos una salida al primero de los problemas mencionados, inspirándonos en aportaciones provenientes de la teoría asamblearia. Finalmente, responderemos a los otros dos problemas apuntados, basándonos en una serie de postulados defendidos desde la tradición republicana y el modelo de democracia deliberativa y participativa.
Bien común, bienes comunes ¿para quién(es)? Desafiando la visión atomista de la sociedad civil
Authors: Gracia Calandín Javier , Reyes Lobos Maximiliano
Published: July 2022

El objetivo del artículo es aclarar lo que es propiamente común del bien común y sustentar su irreductibilidad como garantía de la superación de una concepción atomista de sociedad civil. Se comienza abordando la noción de libertad individual y el cuestionamiento de la condición egoísta del ser humano, para luego profundizar en las posibilidades normativas que brinda una interpretación ética del bien común. La diferencia del bien común con respecto a otras nociones utilizadas en los discursos tardomodernos es clave para determinar lo intrínsecamente común de las relaciones sociales. Al concluir, se defiende una concepción del bien común que dé cabida a la libertad individual, entendiéndola ya no aisladamente, sino como parte de la intersubjetividad.
Repensar la autoridad desde el anarquismo. Una relectura desde Bakunin
Authors: Straehle Edgar
Published: July 2022

Este artículo se propone releer la autoridad desde una perspectiva tradicionalmente antiautoritaria como la anarquista y, en concreto, desde el pensamiento de Bakunin. Para ello, se reflexiona desde unos textos poco estudiados del anarquista ruso y se muestra que, pese a sus críticas a la autoridad, no la quiso abolir sino repensar y transformar. La propuesta de Bakunin consistió en buscar un rostro alternativo a la autoridad hegemónica que explora desde su dimensión más cotidiana y relacional y donde aparece como una realidad cercana, espontánea, más democrática y asentada en la libertad. Después, se traslada la cuestión de la autoridad a su vertiente más práctica, donde la cuestión de la autoridad entronca con la llamada “autoridad moral” y sirve para cuestionar la clásica relación jerárquica entre la teoría y la acción. En esta reinterpretación de la autoridad encuentra Bakunin una suerte de poder que va más allá del poder y de la autoridad tradicional.
¿Debe ser anarquista la revolución verdadera? La violencia pura como catástrofe y aniquilación en Benjamin y Sorel
Authors: González Adolfo León
Published: July 2022

A cien años de su primera publicación, Para una crítica de la violencia de Walter Benjamin sigue siendo un texto de referencia para el estudio de la violencia política. Sin embargo, las ideas anarquistas que se mueven implícita y explícitamente a lo largo de sus páginas -y que otorgan un sentido histórico a su concepto de violencia divina- se ven relativizadas por el mesianismo predominante en ciertos análisis contemporáneos. Este artículo estudia en profundidad el horizonte anarquista de transformación política radical que Benjamin toma de Reflexiones sobre la violencia de Georges Sorel: La idea de una revolución catastrófica final cuya moralidad intrínseca habrá de demostrarse en su capacidad de destrucción del ciclo histórico dialéctico entre violencia y poder.
Économie transnationale de la violence et autonomisation des milices au Nord du Mali
Authors: Chebli Denia
Published: July 2022

Un des paradoxes de la guerre au Mali se situe dans les agendas divergents des armées française et malienne. Alors que l’objectif de l’armée française est d’éradiquer les mouvements islamistes, celui de l’armée malienne est d’affaiblir les mouvements indépendantistes. Contrainte par la présence de forces internationales, l’armée malienne réactive un dispositif de gestion des rébellions qui consiste à fragmenter les mouvements indépendantistes en sous-traitant une partie de ses fonctions répressives à des milices locales. Ces milices qui présentent un fort caractère communautaire ont bénéficié de multiples parrainages, servant notamment dans la lutte antiterroriste auprès des forces françaises. L’article développe l’hypothèse selon laquelle la légitimation et l’usage des milices par l’international contribuent à leur autonomisation et renforcent la perte de souveraineté de l’État malien sur son propre territoire au profit des internationaux et des chefs miliciens.
Using Foreign Films to Foster Pre-service Teachers' Intercultural Awareness in an EFL Context
Authors: Rodríguez Luisa María González , Gerke Amanda Ellen
Published: July 2022

This chapter describes a case study in which 53 prospective teachers of English at university level completed an intercultural unit designed around films addressing cultural borders and identities in a ubiquitous learning environment. In a pre-test/post-test experiment design, students' intercultural competence (IC) was assessed through a rubric to estimate their development in three dimensions before and after intervention. Intercultural portfolios and a self-report questionnaire were also used to gather both quantitative and qualitative data that provided further evidence of IC development in nine sub-dimensions. The t-test analysis revealed statistically significant improvement in the dimensions studied and in students' global IC after intervention. The results confirmed the initial hypothesis that using foreign films within EFL contexts helps develop a high level of intercultural self-reflection and sensitivity in pre-service teachers and that these IC skills are likely to be transferred to their future teaching practice.
Boko Haram Insurgency and Violence Against Women and Girls in Nigeria
Authors: Ajise Olalonpe Oluwakemi , Omotosho Babatunde Joshua
Published: July 2022

Nigeria has continued to experience the menace of Boko Haram insurgency over the years. While some progress has been made over the years in curbing the activities of the insurgency in some quarters, the unabated violence against women and its implication on women and girls remain unresolved. As a pointer to the need for a deliberate and focused attention on violence against women and girls due to Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria, this paper, through the review of relevant literature explores the activities of the insurgency and violence against women. This paper further investigates the implication of violence against women and the social structure as whole. The paper concludes by making recommendation on how the menace of Boko Haram insurgency can be addressed in order to address gender violence against women and crime against womanhood.
Plant Disease Detection Using Sequential Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Tripathi Anshul , Chourasia Uday , Dixit Priyanka , Chang Victor
Published: July 2022

The main warnings in the area of food preservation and care are crop diseases. It has been recognized speedily, but it is not as easy as in any area of the world because no required framework exists. Both the healthy and diseased plant leaves were gathered and collected under the condition and circumstances. For this purpose, a public set of information was used. It was 20,639 images of plants that were infected and healthy. In order to recognize three different crops and 12 diseases, a sequential convolutional neural network from Keras was trained and applied. The perfection and exactness was 98.18% onset of information of the above trained mentioned model using CNN . It has also indicated the probability and possibility of this strategy and procedure. The over-fitting occurs and neutralizes by putting the dropout value to 0.25.
Designing and Testing Affective Supports in an Educational Game
Authors: Bainbridge Katie , Smith Ginny L. , Shute Valerie J. , D'Mello Sidney
Published: July 2022

Five types of affective supports were designed to induce an appropriate emotional regulation strategy in players of an educational video game. These supports were based on the emotional regulation strategies of situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation. A series of qualitative studies was designed to answer usability and efficacy questions on the incorporation of these affective supports into the game Physics Playground. Ultimately two of the five support types were removed and the implementation of two others were changed to between game levels rather than in the middle of gameplay. The results also offered insight into the relationship between player ability and when support was preferred.
Dynamic Warnings
Authors: Zeng Mini , Zhu Feng , Carpenter Sandra
Published: July 2022

People often unnecessarily disclose identity information online and puts their privacy at risk. Computer warnings mitigate needless identity disclosure. People, however, often click the OK button without reading warning messages. We utilize eye gaze information to provide dynamic warnings. The dynamic warnings are designed to display just-in-time and then fade out after users read them. They are shown right next to the location where users look. We built a restaurant reservation app to evaluate our dynamic warning system. We conducted an experiment with follow-up surveys. The results showed that our dynamic warnings reduced unnecessary identity disclosure and that they were around 5 times more effective than a Windows warning with a close button. We also found that the longer users’ eyes registered on dynamic warning, the less likely users were to provide their identify information in the dynamic warning condition experiment.
Blockchain-Based Data Sharing Approach Considering Educational Data
Authors: Jain Meenu , Jailia Manisha
Published: July 2022

The innovation of cloud computing technologies gained huge interest wherein more individuals started to outsource their data to cloud-based servers. However, open networks and untrusted cloud platforms face privacy and security issues while outsourcing data to the cloud. The proposed Blockchain-based data sharing mechanism effectively solves failure issues of the cloud storage system and provides several benefits by maximizing throughput. This framework embeds the interplanetary file system and blockchain for effective data sharing between cloud owners and the requester. Here, the system comprises five different entities and the proposed method involves six different phases. This model acquires interplanetary file system (IPFS) for effective data sharing between cloud owners and the requester. The proposed method provides superior performance in contrast to other techniques with the highest genuine detection rate of 0.880, minimal communication overhead of 0.642, and maximal private rate of 0.564.
Green Supply Chain Management, Challenges, and Technological Opportunities
Authors: Mehanneche Kaouther , Zemmouchi-Ghomari Leila
Published: July 2022

Supply chain management (SCM) requires the integration and coordination of business processes and the alignment of the strategy throughout the supply chain to satisfy end customers. Therefore, the business processes must be integrated and coordinated. In addition, strategic imperatives have to be harmonized, including environmental sustainability. We are particularly interested in Green supply-chain management (GSCM), which can be defined as the integration of environmental thinking into supply chain management, including product design, the manufacturing processes, and the management of the product at the end of its useful life. The evolution and the progress in technology and the new supply management methods have drastically changed the way things are done in recent industries, such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, the Internet of Things or Blockchain. This study explores the impact of technologies on green supply chain management as a facilitator or as an obstacle, based on some prominent case studies reported in the literature.
Impact of Psychological Contract on Employee Turnover in the Healthcare Sector
Authors: Ghosh Nitu , Tabassum Fazeelath
Published: July 2022

The study examines the mediating role of personality traits on the relationship between psychological contract and turnover intention of Healthcare professionals. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between PC and personality traits of healthcare professionals in private hospitals' and analyse the relationship of personality traits on turnover intention. The study adopts an empirical research design and the sampling frame constitutes doctors and nurses from private hospitals. The data collection sources were primary and secondary. Statistical tools such as Cronbach's alpha, Independent samples T-tests, Regression and Correlation were used. The findings shows that psychological contract has a significant positive relationship with employee turnover intentions. The practical relevance includes critical theoretical connections between doctors' and nurses' psychological contracts, personality traits, and intention to leave the profession (turnover). The findings have consequences for healthcare professionals' management, especially in the current context of the COVID pandemic.
An Image Inpainting Method Based on Whale-Integrated Monarch Butterfly Optimization-Based DCNN
Authors: Hudagi Manjunath R. , Soma Shridevi , Biradar Rajkumar L.
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes an image inpainting method based on Whale integrated Monarch Butterfly Optimization-based Deep Convolutional Neural network (Whale-MBO-DCNN) model. Initially, the patch extraction and mapping are applied to the input image to extract the patches of the image followed by image reconstruction in order to map the patches. The patch with minimum distance is selected using the concept of Bhattacharya distance in patch extraction. On the other hand, the construction of the residual image form the input image is done using Deep CNN, which is trained with the proposed Whale-MBO algorithm. The proposed Whale-MBO algorithm is developed from the integration of Monarch Butterfly Optimization (MBO) and (WOA. Finally, the residual image and the reconstructed image are fused using Holoentropy to obtain the reconstructed image. The experimentation is performed using the evaluation metrics, such as PSNR, SDME, and SSIM. The effectiveness of the proposed image inpainting method is revealed through a higher PSNR, SDME, and SSIM of 33.0585, 74.4249, and 0.9479, respectively.
Evaluation and Measurement of the Development Level of Rural Inclusive Finance Using Deep Learning Technology for Supply Chain Intelligence
Authors: Huang Liping
Published: July 2022

Developing rural inclusive finance and meeting the multi-level financial needs of rural areas is an important means to promote the rapid development of rural economy. Based on the practice of rural inclusive finance in Zhejiang Province, this paper analyzed the development status of rural inclusive finance in Zhejiang Province through questionnaire and interview. According to the evaluation indicator system in the Analysis Report of China’s Inclusive Financial Indicators (2020) released by the People’s Bank of China, this paper designed an indicator system for the development level of rural inclusive finance in Zhejiang Province, and then measured the development level, and concluded the development of rural inclusive finance in Zhejiang Province was in a medium level. The indicator system is based upon deep learning technology which leads to the application areas which are transformed in a successful platform, experiencing research growth and multimodel information growth.
Research on Online Course Teaching of Public Physical Education in Universities Under the Pandemic Situation
Authors: Shen Wei , Liang Jian , Xu Shijun , Wei Yu
Published: July 2022

After the implementation, the online and offline teaching modes are compared and analyzed. In the special social environment, in order to ensure the normal teaching order, the university public sports online course is constructed. The construction research mainly includes the necessity of online physical education course, the design of teaching scheme, teaching objectives, teaching mode, extracurricular sports activities, assessment methods, the connection and comparison of online and offline courses, etc. The purpose is to build a set of practical online course system of university public physical education, make up for the deficiency of offline course teaching, and realize the sharing of educational resources among students in different regions at the same time In order to provide reference for the normal development of physical education in special environment such as epidemic situation.
Human Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37 Induces Cell Death in Autophagy-Dysfunctional Endothelial Cells
Authors: Suzuki Kaori , Ohkuma Mari , Someya Akimasa , Mita Tomoya , Nagaoka Isao
Published: July 2022

Human cathelicidin LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide that has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities but also acts on host cells to exert immunomodulatory functions. It has been suggested that the increase of LL-37 in atherosclerotic aortas and the dysregulated autophagy of endothelial cells are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study, to elucidate the role of LL-37 in atherosclerosis, we investigated the effect of LL-37 on autophagy in endothelial cells using HUVECs. First, LL-37 upregulated LC3-II (an autophagosomal membrane marker) and enhanced the formation of LC3-positive puncta in the cells, suggesting that LL-37 induces autophagy in endothelial cells. Second, LL-37 was associated with p62, which recognizes ubiquitinated proteins and transfers them to autophagosomes, suggesting that LL-37 is ubiquitinated and recognized by p62. Third, the degradation of LL-37 was delayed, and LL-37 induced cell death in atg7 knockdown cells, which was accompanied by the formation of protein aggregates in the cells. Taken together, these observations suggest that LL-37 induces autophagy in endothelial cells but enhances cell death in autophagy-dysfunctional conditions, in which the intracellular degradation of LL-37 is disturbed. Thus, LL-37 may exert an adverse action on autophagy-dysfunctional endothelial cells to induce cell death in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein–Mediated Stabilization of Host Antiapoptotic Protein MCL-1 Is Critical for Establishment of Infection by Intramacrophage Parasite Leishmania donovani
Authors: Giri Jayeeta , Basu Moumita , Roy Shalini , Mishra Tarun , Jana Kuladip , Chande Ajit , Ukil Anindita
Published: July 2022

In the early phase of infection, the intramacrophage pathogen Leishmania donovani protects its niche with the help of the antiapoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1). Whether Leishmania could exploit MCL-1, an extremely labile protein, at the late phase is still unclear. A steady translational level of MCL-1 observed up to 48 h postinfection and increased caspase-3 activity in MCL-1–silenced infected macrophages documented its importance in the late hours of infection. The transcript level of MCL-1 showed a sharp decline at 6 h postinfection, and persistent MCL-1 expression in cyclohexamide-treated cells negates the possibility of de novo protein synthesis, thereby suggesting infection-induced stability. Increased ubiquitination, a prerequisite for proteasomal degradation of MCL-1, was also found to be absent in the late hours of infection. Lack of interaction with its specific E3 ubiquitin ligase MULE (MCL-1 ubiquitin ligase E3) and specific deubiquitinase USP9X prompted us to search for blockade of the ubiquitin-binding site in MCL-1. To this end, TCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein), a well-known binding partner of MCL-1 and antiapoptotic regulator, was found to be strongly associated with MCL-1 during infection. Phosphorylation of TCTP, a requirement for MCL-1 binding, was also increased in infected macrophages. Knockdown of TCTP decreased MCL-1 expression and short hairpin RNA–mediated silencing of TCTP in an infected mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis showed decreased parasite burden and induction of liver cell apoptosis. Collectively, our investigation revealed a key mechanism of how L. donovani exploits TCTP to establish infection within the host.
Dietary Cholesterol Causes Inflammatory Imbalance and Exacerbates Morbidity in Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus
Authors: Louie Allison Y , Tingling Joseph , Dray Evan , Hussain Jamal , McKim Daniel B , Swanson Kelly S , Steelman Andrew J
Published: July 2022

Influenza is a common cause of pneumonia-induced hospitalization and death, but how host factors function to influence disease susceptibility or severity has not been fully elucidated. Cellular cholesterol levels may affect the pathogenesis of influenza infection, as cholesterol is crucial for viral entry and replication, as well as immune cell proliferation and function. However, there is still conflicting evidence on the extent to which dietary cholesterol influences cholesterol metabolism. In this study, we examined the effects of a high-cholesterol diet in modulating the immune response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection in mice. Mice were fed a standard or a high-cholesterol diet for 5 wk before inoculation with mouse-adapted human IAV (Puerto Rico/8/1934), and tissues were collected at days 0, 4, 8, and 16 postinfection. Cholesterol-fed mice exhibited dyslipidemia characterized by increased levels of total serum cholesterol prior to infection and decreased triglycerides postinfection. Cholesterol-fed mice also displayed increased morbidity compared with control-fed mice, which was neither a result of immunosuppression nor changes in viral load. Instead, transcriptomic analysis of the lungs revealed that dietary cholesterol caused upregulation of genes involved in viral-response pathways and leukocyte trafficking, which coincided with increased numbers of cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and infiltrating dendritic cells. Morbidity as determined by percent weight loss was highly correlated with numbers of cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as granulocytes. Taken together, dietary cholesterol promoted IAV morbidity via exaggerated cellular immune responses that were independent of viral load.
CCR5: The Receptor That Unlocks the Door for HIV Entry into Cells
Authors: Unutmaz Derya
Published: July 2022

This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1,” a pivotal article written by H. Deng, R. Liu, W. Ellmeier, S. Choe, D. Unutmaz, M. Burkhart, P. Di Marzio, S. Marmon, R. E. Sutton, C. M. Hill, et al., and published in Nature, in 1996. https://www.nature.com/articles/381661a0.
Monogenic TCRβ Assembly and Expression Are Paramount for Uniform Antigen Receptor Specificity of Individual αβ T Lymphocytes
Authors: Culberson Erica J , Bassing Craig H
Published: July 2022

The ability of individual T and B cells to display Ag receptors of unique uniform specificity is the molecular basis of adaptive immunity. Most αβ T cells achieve uniform specificity by assembling in-frame genes on only one allelic copy of TCRβ and TCRα loci, while others prevent incorporation of TCRα protein from both alleles into TCRs. Analysis of mice expressing TCR proteins from a restricted combination of transgenes showed that TCR protein pairing restrictions achieve uniform specificity of cells expressing two types of TCRβ protein. However, whether this mechanism operates in the physiological context where each dual-TCRβ cell expresses one set of a vast number of different TCRβ proteins remains an open question, largely because there is a low, but significant, portion of cells carrying two in-frame TCRβ genes. To resolve this issue, we inactivated one allelic copy of the TCRα locus in a new mouse strain that assembles two in-frame TCRβ genes in an elevated fraction of cells. This genetic manipulation has no effect on the frequency of cells that display multiple types of αβ TCR, yet increases the representation of cells displaying TCRβ proteins that generate more highly expressed TCRs. Our data demonstrate that some TCRβ proteins exhibit differential functional pairing with TCRα proteins, but these restrictions have negligible contribution for ensuring uniform specificity of cells that express two types of TCRβ protein. Therefore, we conclude that mechanisms governing monogenic assembly and expression of TCRβ genes in individual cells are paramount for uniform specificity of αβ T lymphocytes.
Ground ice map of Canada
Authors: O'Neill H B , Wolfe S A , Duchesne C
Published: July 2022

This Open File presents national-scale mapping of ground ice conditions in Canada. The mapping depicts a first-order estimate of the combined volumetric percentage of excess ice in the top 5 m of permafrost from segregated, wedge, and relict ice. The estimates
for the three ice types are based on modelling by O'Neill et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-2019), and informed by available published values of ground ice content and expert knowledge. The mapping offers an improved depiction of ground ice in Canada at a broad scale, incorporating
current knowledge on the associations between geological and environmental conditions and ground ice type and abundance. It provides a foundation for hypothesis testing related to broad-scale controls on ground ice formation, preservation, and melt. Additional compilation of quantitative field data
on ground ice and improvements to national-scale surficial geology mapping will allow further assessment and refinement of the representation of ground ice in Canada. Continued research will focus on improving the lateral and vertical representation of ground ice required for incorporation into
Earth system models and decision-making. Spatial data files of the mapping are available as downloads with this Open File.
Therapeutic applications of hydrogen sulfide and novel donors for cerebral ischemic stroke
Authors: Ding Jia-Sheng , Zhang Yan , Wang Tian-Yi , Li Xiang , Ma Cheng , Xu Zhong-Mou , Sun Qing , Xu Xiang , Chen Gang
Published: July 2022

Ischemic stroke happens when the blood supply to the brain is obstructed and it is associated with numerous complex mechanisms, such as activated apoptosis genes, oxidative stress and reaction of inflammation, which finally result in neurological deficits. Several gases have been proved to have neuroprotective roles, even the classic gases that are thought to be toxic such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S is the third identified endogenous gas signaling molecule following carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. H2S plays a significant role in stroke. Inhalation of H2S can attenuate cerebral infarct volume and promote neurological function in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion to reduce ischemic stroke-induced injury in vivo and in vitro as a result. Therefore, H2S can be clinically used to reduce ischemic stroke-induced injury. This review introduces the toxic mechanisms and effects of H2S on cerebral ischemic stroke
Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity in Al-Daura Oil Refinery Workers and Its Relation to Oral and Periodontal Conditions
Authors: Al-Qarakhli Ahmed Makki A. , Hamid Mudher Shaimaa , Mahmood Ali Shakir , Yakub Majid Ali
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is an important marker to be measured to explore the effect of oil fume on oral tissue. This study examined the effect of longtime exposure to oil fume on oral and periodontal tissue.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 52 participants consisted of four groups of 13 participants each. Oral examination and periodontal indices were taken. TAC was analyzed.

Results:

The study groups showed highly significant differences in plaque, gingival index, and clinical attachment level (P < 0.001) compared to the control. The older workers have shown the highest total antioxidant capacity levels. The oil group has expressed a significant lowest total antioxidant capacity level (P > 0.05) in comparison to the control. Oral lesions including ulcerations and white and red patches were absent in workers.

Conclusion:

Total antioxidant capacity is an important biomarker in the diagnosis of oral and periodontal diseases.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Herbal Solutions in Disinfecting Gutta Percha Cones Against Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Vanapatla Amulya , Nanda Neethu , Satyarth Saurabh , Kawle Sahil , Gawande Harshraj P. , Gupte Jaiti M.
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Even when endodontic procedures are performed with the utmost care, reinfection can occur. One possible explanation is that contaminated gutta-percha cones were used in the root canals. The study's goal is to assess the antimicrobial activity and efficacy of Neem, Turmeric, and Calotropis Procera in disinfecting gutta percha cones prior to obturation.

Materials and Methods:

80 Gutta percha (GP) cones were contaminated with 0.5ml Ferlands standard Enterococcus Faecalis for 10 minutes.20 cones each were treated up to 5 minutes in their prepared neem, turmeric, calotropis and sodium hypochlorite solutions. Then, they placed in BHI broth and vertex is done for 1 minute. One loopful of broth was stroked on 20 blood agar plates of 5 each neem, turmeric, calotropis and sodium hypochlorite. The plates were then incubated for 24 hours aerobically at 37°C and the colony forming units were counted with a digital colony counter.

Results:

Mean colony forming units were compared in all the groups and there was a statistically significant difference present among the groups (p<0.01). Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCL)as control group showed average of 5 colony forming units(CFU). Turmeric had the least average of 55 CFU and was the most effective of the experimental groups. Neem and Calotropis had the higher average of 130 CFU and 200 CFU respectively, making it the least effective of the solutions tested.

Conclusion :

All of the herbal solutions tested positive for disinfection of GP points. When compared to Neem and Calotropis, Turmeric was the most effective and has superior antibacterial activity.
Diode Laser Approach for Excision of Solitary Mucocele
Authors: Gogoi Anootpal , Pawar Madhura , Badarkhe Archana , Vhatkar Bhavika , Bagde Hiroj , Kharat Swati
Published: July 2022

Oral mucoceles or mucoceles are communal minor salivary gland lesions, and they are clinically categorized by the presence of single or multiple, spherical-shaped fluctuant nodules which are asymptomatic and pain free. Application of diode laser for removal of mucosal lesions in the oral cavity is relatively new and viably better alternative to its precedent methods. The added advantage of using a laser includes lesser bleeding, improved or reduced healing time, and its affinity to melatonin that prevents further or recurrent pigmentation.
Comparative Evaluation of Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of GC Gold Hybrid, GIC Conventional and Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Cement
Authors: Malhotra Shantun , Bhullar Kanwalpreet K. , Kaur Sumandeep , Malhotra Mahima , Kaur Rupam , Handa Aashish
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

The aim of the study was to emphasize the compressive strength and flexural strength of glass-ionomer cement (GIC)–gold hybrid, conventional GIC, and resin-modified GIC (RMGIC).

Methodology:

Three GIC materials were used in the study: group A: GC–gold hybrid (Gold Label hybrid Universal Restorative), group B: type II conventional GIC, and group C: RMGIC. A total of 120 cylindrical test specimens of dimensions 4 mm diameter × 6 mm height were prepared from a custom-made Teflon mold according to respective study groups. The specimens prepared were then stored in 20 mL of deionized water at 37°C for 3 h daily for 30 days, and the solutions were changed every week, after which they were tested for compressive strength and flexural strength by using a universal force testing machine. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software and were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test.

Results:

The mean compressive strength was the highest for group A and lowest for group B. Similarly, the mean flexural strength was the highest for group A and lowest for group B.

Conclusion:

The conclusions can be drawn from this in-vitro study that the compressive strength and flexural strength of GC–gold hybrid were greater than those of RMGIC and conventional GIC.
Comparative Evaluation of the Surface Area of the Maxillary and Mandibular Denture Bearing Area According to Arch Shapes Obtained Through A Manually Molded Impression
Authors: Tabasum Shaista , Banerjee Kankana , Shetty Pratheek , Upadhyay Tripti , Shubham B.S. , Bharti Shreya
Published: July 2022

Objective:

This study was done to compare the surface area of the maxillary and mandibular denture bearing area obtained through a manually molded impression in an open mouth selective pressure technique.

Methodology:

Final impression was made in 60 patients with zinc oxide eugenol impression paste, poured in dental stone to get master cast. Denture bearing area was marked with an indelible pencil. The number of squares were calculated which constituted the denture bearing area.

Results:

Square arch form provides more surface area than ovoid and tapering which in turn increases the retention and support.

Conclusion:

The variance and standard deviation of the surface area of square, ovoid, and tapering arch shapes of maxillary dentures were very much significant and in case of Mandibular dentures were less significant.
Comparison of Bond Strength of Metal and Ceramic Brackets with or without Primer
Authors: Sharma Shreya , Pandit Susmita K. , Das Rohan , Sinha Moumita , Sahu Rajalaxmi , Trivedi Pragya
Published: July 2022

Background:

Bonding is an integral part of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic bonding could be accomplished without the use of primer, it might be possible to reduce the risk of occupational exposure to primer and will save time. So it is very important to know whether primer is required or not.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic and ceramic brackets bonded with and without primer application and to check for residual adhesive post debonding.

Material and Method:

A total of 100 extracted human premolar teeth were divided into 2 main groups A and B which were further subdivided into: Group A1 – metallic brackets bonded with primer; Group A2 – ceramic brackets bonded with primer; Group B1 – metallic brackets bonded without primer; group B2 – ceramic brackets bonded without primer. The SBS of these brackets was measured.

Result:

The SBS of group A2 was significantly higher than the other groups, group A1 was the second highest, group B3 was the third highest and group B4 was the least significant. The adhesive remnant index was lowest on failure of ceramic brackets bonded with primer.

Conclusion:

SBS of ceramic brackets bonded without primer is superior to SBS of metallic bracket bonded without primer and metallic brackets bonded with primer was superior than metallic bonded without primer.
An In Vitro Comparison of the Effect of Wound Irrigating Solution (0.01% Hypochlorous Acid) and 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite Against Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Anwar Saif , Sivalingam Balaji , Vijayakumar Nyklesh , Vivek K , Perumal Lavanya P. K. , Prabha Esai A.
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of normal saline, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 0.01% hypochlorous acid against Enterococcus faecalis.

Materials and Methods:

Antimicrobial activity was assayed by Kirby–Bauer cup-well agar diffusion method. Three cup-wells were bored in each petriplate and were filled with 50 μl of each of the respective test agents. Culture plates were placed in an incubator at 37°C and after 24 hours, the size of the magnification inhibition zone was quantified with a caliper and recorded in respective tables. The experiment was reiterated ten times for each reagent, and the diameter of the magnification inhibition zones caused by the irrigation solutions was recorded. The antimicrobial activity of the three test solutions was determined.

Results:

The antibacterial property of the three groups was compared by utilizing ANOVA test. The association was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.000). The antibacterial property between 2.5% NaOCl and 0.01% HOCl was further compared with independent t test. This association was however not statistically significant (P = 0.02).
Perceptions of Dietary Factors Promoting and Preventing Kidney Stones Among Taif City Population - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Althobity Ahmed , Alosaimi Norah Khalid , Alghoraibi Manar H. , Alzahrani Amaal A. , Altowairqi Rawan M. , Althobaiti Shumukh G. , Almalki Haneen S.
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim:

Renal stones are the most common urological disorder resulting in different marked morbidities with different risk factors. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of the general population regarding dietary factors in promoting and preventing nephrolithiasis in the Taif region.

Methods:

We carried out this cross-sectional study during a period of 4 months. All Taif city population who were ≥18 years old were included in the study regardless of their gender and history of urolithiasis. Participants were excluded if they were <18 years of age, not Taif city residents, and whose primary language was not Arabic. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 23.

Results:

It was found that 68.4% of the participants had poor knowledge of dietary risk factors. Further, 86.4% of the participants thought that their diet could affect the risk of kidney stone formation, and 88.6% believed that water can decrease the risk of kidney stone formation. In addition, 54.5% and 66.3% knew that increased consumption of meat and smoking can increase the risk of kidney stone formation.

Conclusion:

The knowledge regarding specific dietary risk factors promoting and preventing kidney stones formation was poor among the Taif city population.