bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observing Alcohol Myopia in the Context of a Trauma Film Paradigm: Differential Recall of Central and Peripheral Details
Authors: Jaffe Anna E. , Harris Christina M. , DiLillo David
Published: August 2019

Background

A major tenet of the alcohol myopia model is that intoxication results in a narrowing of attention to the most central environmental cues, at the cost of more peripheral information. Though long hypothesized, no known study of alcohol myopia has demonstrated differential immediate recall of central and peripheral cues using a standardized task. To address this gap, we conducted an alcohol administration study with a clear, standardized focus—a trauma film.

Methods

Ninety‐eight female social drinkers completed self‐report measures, and then were randomized to consume a placebo beverage, a low dose of alcohol (mean breath alcohol concentration [BrAC] = 0.04%), or a high dose of alcohol (mean BrAC = 0.11%). Participants then moved to a staged room where they viewed a film clip depicting a sexual assault. After leaving the room, participants completed a written free recall task of the film and the room.

Results

The distinction between recall of central and peripheral details was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Consistent with the alcohol myopia model, relative to placebo, a high dose of alcohol led to impaired recall of peripheral (but not central) details. Although the interaction between BrAC and information type (central vs. peripheral) was not statistically significant, simple effects revealed a strong association between BrAC and peripheral information, and no association between BrAC and central information. Bolstering myopia as an explanation for our findings, neither central nor peripheral information correlated with self‐reported tendencies to dissociate or distract oneself, or typical alcohol consumption or expectancies.

Conclusions

Alcohol myopia can be observed through an immediate free recall task following a stressful film. Additional research is needed to continue evaluating dose‐dependent differential recall in larger samples. This task may be useful for clarifying the role of alcohol myopia in clinical phenomena, such as aggressive behavior and processing traumatic events.
Anatomical study of the ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves in Sapajus apella (Primates: Cebidae)
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Daniela Cristina , Santos Lázaro Antônio , Rosa Alan Bartasson Ferreira , Menezes Reis Lorena Tannus , Carvalho‐Barros Roseâmely Angélica , Silva Zenon , Bernardino‐Júnior Roberto , Carneiro‐Silva Frederico Ozanam
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to describe the gross anatomy of the ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves in capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella) and compare with humans and other primate species. Eight specimens, prepared in 10% formalin solution and dissected following routine standard techniques, were used. The animals presented 13–14 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves emerging from the intervertebral foramen and divided into dorsal and ventral rami. The ventral rami of the first 12 or 13 pairs represented intercostal nerves and the latter referred to the subcostal nerve. The intercostal and subcostal nerves gave off muscular and cutaneous branches (lateral and ventral), which promote innervation of muscles and skin associated with the chest and abdominal wall. Atypical anatomy was verified for the 1st, 2nd and 7th to 13th intercostal nerves as well as for the subcostal nerve. The morphological characteristics were similar to those observed in humans and some non‐human primates, especially in the absence of collateral branches.
Vitamin D status is not associated with reproductive parameters in young Spanish men
Authors: Rudnicka A. , Adoamnei E. , Noguera‐Velasco J. A. , Vioque J. , Cañizares‐Hernández F. , Mendiola J. , Jørgensen N. , Chavarro J. E. , Swan S. H. , Torres‐Cantero A. M.
Published: August 2019

Background

Relatively low sperm count was reported among young Spanish men in 2013. Several potential culprits have been suggested as explanations for reported trends in sperm counts in Western men, including lifestyles. Although controversial, some studies suggest that semen parameters, such as low sperm motility or abnormal morphology, may be associated with low serum vitamin D levels.

Objectives

To evaluate associations between semen parameters and reproductive hormones and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) status in young Spanish men and to examine these associations in relation to dietary intake of vitamin D.

Materials and methods

This cross‐sectional study includes 198 university students recruited in 2010–2011 in southern Spain, who provided samples of blood and semen and food frequencies. Semen quality was evaluated by measuring volume, concentration, sperm counts, motility, and morphology, according to the WHO guidelines. Serum samples were analyzed for total 25OHD and reproductive hormones, including FSH, LH, testosterone, inhibin B, and estradiol. Dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Associations with semen quality and reproductive hormones were examined using linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Almost all men had adequate levels of serum vitamin D ‐ only three men (1.5%) were vitamin D deficient (<30 nmol/L) and 17% were insufficient (<50 nmol/L). However, dietary vitamin D intakes were relatively low (below recommended 600 IU/day in 99% of men). Neither dietary intake nor serum vitamin D levels were associated with any sperm parameter or any reproductive hormone (all p ≥ 0.09).

Discussion

We did not observe an association between vitamin D status and any reproductive parameter in our study population.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that serum vitamin D levels are sustained in Spanish men despite low dietary intake and therefore low vitamin D does not explain the poor semen quality previously observed in these young Spanish men.
Distant organ dysfunction in acute kidney injury
Authors: Husain‐Syed Faeq , Rosner Mitchell H. , Ronco Claudio
Published: August 2019

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological and clinical data show that AKI is linked to a wide range of distant organ injuries, with the lungs, heart, liver, and intestines representing the most clinically relevant affected organs. This distant organ injury during AKI predisposes patients to progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and ultimately, death. The strongest direct evidence of distant organ injury occurring in AKI has been obtained from animal models. The identified mechanisms include systemic inflammatory changes, oxidative stress, increases in leucocyte trafficking and the activation of proapoptotic pathways. Understanding the pathways driving AKI‐induced distal organ injury are critical for the development and refinement of therapies for the prevention and attenuation of AKI‐related morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to summarize both clinical and preclinical studies of AKI and its role in distant organ injury.
Assessment of Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning criteria for the decision of extracorporeal toxin removal in lithium poisoning
Authors: Vodovar Dominique , Beaune Sébastien , Langrand Jérôme , Vicaut Eric , Labat Laurence , Mégarbane Bruno
Published: August 2019

Aims

To assess recommendations provided by the EXtracorporeal TReatments In Poisoning (EXTRIP) workgroup on extracorporeal toxin removal (ECTR) in lithium poisoning.

Methods

Retrospective assessment in a 128 lithium‐poisoned patient cohort previously used to identify ECTR initiation criteria that could improve outcome (Paris criteria). ECTR requirement using EXTRIP criteria was compared to the actual practice or if Paris criteria were used. The potential impact on outcome if these different criteria were used was investigated.

Results

Using the recommended (Rec‐EXTRIP) or recommended + suggested (All‐EXTRIP) EXTRIP criteria, ECTR would have been indicated in more patients than was actually done (P < .001), or if Paris criteria were used (P < .01). The non‐actually ECTR‐treated patients fulfilling Rec‐EXTRIP or All‐EXTRIP criteria had shorter intensive care unit stay (P < .05) and no significant increase in fatalities and neurological impairment on discharge in comparison to the actually ECTR‐treated patients. ECTR requirements using EXTRIP vs Paris criteria were not concordant (P < .001). In the non‐actually ECTR‐treated patients, 31/106 and 55/106 patients fulfilled Rec‐EXTRIP or All‐EXTRIP but not Paris criteria, respectively. Those patients had longer stay (P < .01) but no worse neurological impairment on discharge than the patients not fulfilling any of these criteria (50/106 and 26/106, respectively). In the non‐actually ECTR‐treated patients, 7/106 fulfilled Paris but not Rec‐EXTRIP criteria. Those patients had longer stay (P < .05) and worse neurological impairment on discharge (P < .01) than the 50/106 patients not fulfilling any of these criteria.

Conclusion

In this cohort of lithium poisonings, EXTRIP criteria may lead to more ECTR than actually performed or if the Paris criteria were used, with no demonstrated improvement in outcome.
Health‐related quality of life among non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer survivors: a population‐based study
Authors: Jung Ahrang , Nielsen Matthew E. , Crandell Jamie L. , Palmer Mary H. , Smith Sophia K. , Bryant Ashley Leak , Mayer Deborah K.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To examine the effect of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) diagnosis and treatment on survivors’ quality of life (QoL).

Patients and Methods

Of the 5979 patients with NMIBC diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 in North Carolina, 2000 patients were randomly selected to be invited to enroll in this cross‐sectional study. Data were collected by postal mail survey. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Core (QLQ‐C30) and the NMIBC‐specific module were included in the survey to measure QoL. Descriptive statistics,t‐tests,anova, and Pearson's correlation were used to describe demographics and to assess how QoL varied by sex, cancer stage, time since diagnosis, and treatment.

Results

A total of 398 survivors returned questionnaires (response rate: 23.6%). The mean QoL score for QLQ‐C30 (range 0–100, higher = better QoL in all domains but symptoms) for global health status was 73.6, function domain scores ranged from 83.9 to 86.5, and scores for the top five symptoms (insomnia, fatigue, dyspnoea, pain, and financial difficulties) ranged from 14.1 to 24.3. The lowest NMIBC‐specific QoL domain was sexual issues including sexual function, enjoyment, problems, and intimacy. Women had worse bowel problems, sexual function, and sexual enjoyment than men but better sexual intimacy and fewer concerns about contaminating their partner. Stage Ta had the highest global health status, followed by T1 and Tis. QoL did not vary by time since diagnosis except for sexual function. The cystectomy group (n= 21) had worse QoL in sexual function, discomfort with sexual intimacy, sexual enjoyment, and male sexual problems than the non‐cystectomy group (n= 336).

Conclusion

Survivors of NMIBC face a unique burden associated with their diagnosis and the often‐lifelong surveillance and treatment regimens. The finding has important implications for the design of tailored supportive care interventions to improve QoL for NMIBC survivors.
A novel PTPRZ1‐ETV1 fusion in gliomas
Authors: Matjašič Alenka , Zupan Andrej , Boštjančič Emanuela , Pižem Jože , Popović Mara , Kolenc Danijela
Published: August 2019

The aggressive nature of malignant gliomas and their genetic and clinical heterogeneity present a major challenge in their diagnosis and treatment. Development of targeted therapy brought attention on detecting novel gene fusions, since they represent promising therapeutic targets (eg, TRK inhibitors in NTRK fusion‐positive tumors). Using targeted next‐generation sequencing, we prospectively analyzed 205 primary brain tumors and detected a novel PTPRZ1‐ETV1 fusion transcript in 11 of 191 (5.8%) gliomas, including nine glioblastomas, one anaplastic oligodendroglioma and one pilocytic astrocytoma. PTPRZ1‐ETV1 fusion was confirmed by RT‐PCR followed by Sanger sequencing, and in‐silico analysis predicted a potential driver role. The newly detected fusion consists of the PTPRZ1 promoter in frame with the highly conserved DNA‐binding domain of ETV1 transcription factor. The ETV1 and PTPRZ1 genes are known oncogenes, involved in processes of tumor development. ETV1 is a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, already known oncogenic drivers in Ewing sarcoma, prostate cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, but not in gliomas. Its overexpression contributes to tumor growth and more aggressive tumor behavior. PTPRZ1 is already considered to be a tumor growth promoting oncogene in gliomas. In 8%–16% of gliomas, PTPRZ1 is fused to the MET oncogene, resulting in a PTPRZ1‐MET fusion, which is associated with poorer prognosis but is also a positive predictive biomarker for treatment with kinase inhibitors. In view of the oncogenic role that the two fusion partners, PTPRZ1 and ETV1, exhibit in other malignancies, PTPRZ1‐ETV1 fusion might present a novel potential therapeutic target in gliomas. Although histopathological examination of PTPRZ1‐ETV1 fusion‐positive gliomas did not reveal any specific or unique pathological features, and the follow‐up period was too short to assess prognostic value of the fusion, careful monitoring of patients and their response to therapy might provide additional insights into the prognostic and predictive value of this novel fusion.
Genome‐wide interaction study of early‐life smoking exposure on time‐to‐asthma onset in childhood
Authors: Sugier Pierre‐Emmanuel , Sarnowski Chloé , Granell Raquel , Laprise Catherine , Ege Markus J. , Margaritte‐Jeannin Patricia , Dizier Marie‐Hélène , Minelli Cosetta , Moffatt Miriam F. , Lathrop Mark , Cookson William O. C. M. , Henderson A. John , von Mutius Erika , Kogevinas Manolis , Demenais Florence , Bouzigon Emmanuelle
Published: August 2019

Background

Asthma, a heterogeneous disease with variable age of onset, results from the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Early‐life tobacco smoke (ELTS) exposure is a major asthma risk factor. Only a few genetic loci have been reported to interact with ELTS exposure in asthma.

Objective

Our aim was to identify new loci interacting with ELTS exposure on time‐to‐asthma onset (TAO) in childhood.

Methods

We conducted genome‐wide interaction analyses of ELTS exposure on time‐to‐asthma onset in childhood in five European‐ancestry studies (totalling 8273 subjects) using Cox proportional‐hazard model. The results of all five genome‐wide analyses were meta‐analysed.

Results

The 13q21 locus showed genome‐wide significant interaction with ELTS exposure (P = 4.3 × 10−8 for rs7334050 within KLHL1 with consistent results across the five studies). Suggestive interactions (P < 5 × 10−6) were found at three other loci: 20p12 (rs13037508 within MACROD2; P = 4.9 × 10−7), 14q22 (rs7493885 near NIN; P = 2.9 × 10−6) and 2p22 (rs232542 near CYP1B1; P = 4.1 × 10−6). Functional annotations and the literature showed that the lead SNPs at these four loci influence DNA methylation in the blood and are located nearby CpG sites reported to be associated with exposure to tobacco smoke components, which strongly support our findings.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

We identified novel candidate genes interacting with ELTS exposure on time‐to‐asthma onset in childhood. These genes have plausible biological relevance related to tobacco smoke exposure. Further epigenetic and functional studies are needed to confirm these findings and to shed light on the underlying mechanisms.
Physical and mental health changes in aging foster parents: Do child behavioural problems hasten declines?
Authors: Helton Jesse J. , Khoo Yit Mui , Wallace Cara L. , Whitehead Ashley , Kebbe Caroline
Published: August 2019

This study examined foster parent physical and mental health over time. It was hypothesized that increased severity and frequency of child behavioural problems, whether externalizing or internalizing, would be associated with poorer health over time, especially for foster parents ≥60 years of age. Data from the baseline and Wave 2 interview of the 2010 National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well‐Being were used. The final analytic sample included kin and nonkin foster parents who had custody of a foster child for both waves of data collection (n = 962). Ordinary Least Squares regression models with lagged dependent variables showed that foster parents ≥60 had deteriorating physical health over time, but caregiver age alone had no association with worsening mental health. However, parents ≥60 caring for children with externalizing behavioural problems had significantly improved physical health. Mental health of parents ≥60 significantly diminished if child externalizing or internalizing problems worsened. Findings indicate that for aging foster parents, externalizing child behaviours may stimulate physical activity and improved physical health, yet any type of child behavioural problem can deteriorate mental health functioning.
Influence of surgical guide support and implant site location on accuracy of static Computer‐Assisted Implant Surgery
Authors: El Kholy Karim , Lazarin Rafael , Janner Simone F. M. , Faerber Karin , Buser Ramona , Buser Daniel
Published: August 2019

Objective

To investigate the effect of surgical guide support and implant site location on the accuracy of static Computer‐Assisted Implant Surgery (sCAIS) in partially edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods

375 replica implants were inserted in 85 study models. Surgical implant placement was done using static 3D printed surgical guides, which were designed to be supported either by all the teeth present in the model (full arch), or by 4‐teeth), 3‐teeth or 2‐teeth. Each study model included three single‐tooth gap (STG) situations; one extraction socket site and two implants placed in a distal extension situation. Preplanned and postoperative implant positions were compared using the treatment‐evaluation tool in digital software. 3‐dimensional and angular deviations were measured. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA, and pairwise t tests and Bonferroni‐Holm's adjustment were applied as a post hoc test.

Results

Accuracy of surgical guides used in sCAIS was significantly affected by the number and type of teeth used for its support. Guides supported by 4 teeth were not significantly different from accuracy of full‐arch‐supported guides (p > .05). Guide support by posterior teeth was associated with an increased level of accuracy, when compared to anterior teeth guide support. Implants placed in extraction sockets were associated with significantly higher 3D and angular deviation values (p < .05), and surgical guides with a distal extension situation resulted in significantly higher deviation values (p < .05).

Conclusion

The number and location of teeth supporting the surgical guide can significantly influence the accuracy of sCAIS, with 4 teeth providing equal accuracy to full‐arch guides in (STG) situations.
Cognitive Offloading: Structuring the Environment to Improve Children's Working Memory Task Performance
Authors: Berry Ed D. J. , Allen Richard J. , Mon‐Williams Mark , Waterman Amanda H.
Published: August 2019

Research has shown that adults can engage in cognitive offloading, whereby internal processes are offloaded onto the environment to help task performance. Here, we investigate an application of this approach with children, in particular children with poor working memory. Participants were required to remember and recall sequences of colors by placing colored blocks in the correct serial order. In one condition the blocks were arranged to facilitate cognitive offloading (i.e., grouped by color), whereas in the other condition they were arranged randomly. Across two experiments (total N = 166) the ordered condition improved task performance for children with low working memory ability. In addition, participants in Experiment 2 rated the difficulty of the two arrangements and performed a further condition in which they were given an opportunity to freely arrange the blocks before completing the task. Despite performing better in the ordered condition, children with low working memory ability did not rate the ordered arrangement as easier, nor did they choose an ordered arrangement when given the opportunity to do so. This research shows that cognitive offloading can also be a useful process in populations other than typical adults, and the implications of this work for supporting children with poor working memory are discussed.
The Impact of Stimuli Color in Lexical Decision and Semantic Word Categorization Tasks
Authors: Garrido Margarida V. , Prada Marília , Simão Cláudia , Semin Gün R.
Published: August 2019

In two experiments, we examined the impact of color on cognitive performance by asking participants to categorize stimuli presented in three different colors: red, green, and gray (baseline). Participants were either asked to categorize the meaning of words as related to the concepts of “go” or “stop” (Experiment 1) or to indicate if a neutral verbal stimulus was a word or not (lexical decision task, Experiment 2). Overall, we observed performance facilitation in response to go stimuli presented in green (vs. red or gray) and performance inhibition in response to go stimuli presented in red. The opposite pattern was observed for stop‐related stimuli. Importantly, results also indicated that color might also be used to categorize neutral stimuli. Overall, these findings provide support to the green‐go and red‐stop color associations and test the potential functional autonomy acquired by these colors and the boundary conditions to their effects on stimuli categorization.
Exosomes derived from miR‐375‐overexpressing human adipose mesenchymal stem cells promote bone regeneration
Authors: Chen Si , Tang Yiman , Liu Yunsong , Zhang Ping , Lv Longwei , Zhang Xiao , Jia Lingfei , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: August 2019

Objectives

The present study aimed to investigate whether exosomes derived from miR‐375‐overexpressing human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) could enhance bone regeneration.

Materials and Methods

Exosomes enriched with miR‐375 (Exo [miR‐375]) were generated from hASCs stably overexpressing miR‐375 after lentiviral transfection and identified with transmission electron microscopy, nanosight and western blotting. The construction efficiency of Exo (miR‐375) was evaluated with qRT‐PCR and incubated with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) to optimize the effective dosage. Then, the osteogenic capability of Exo (miR‐375) was investigated with ALP and ARS assays. Furthermore, dual‐luciferase reporter assay and western blotting were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism of miR‐375 in osteogenic regulation. Finally, Exo (miR‐375) were embedded with hydrogel and applied to a rat model of calvarial defect, and μ‐CT analysis and histological examination were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Exo (miR‐375) in bone regeneration.

Results

miR‐375 could be enriched in exosomes by overexpressing in the parent cells. Administration of Exo (miR‐375) at 50 μg/mL improved the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. With miR‐375 absorbed by hBMSCs, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) was inhibited by binding to its 3′UTR, and recombinant IGFBP3 protein reduced the osteogenic effects triggered by Exo (miR‐375). After incorporated with hydrogel, Exo (miR‐375) displayed a slow and controlled release, and further in vivo analysis demonstrated that Exo (miR‐375) enhanced the bone regenerative capacity in a rat model of calvarial defect.

Conclusions

Taken together, our study demonstrated that exosomes derived from miR‐375‐overexpressing hASCs promoted bone regeneration.
Should a homeless person become a deceased organ donor?
Authors: Lee William G. , Wong Linda L. , Olivas Roderick , Apana Ailea , Kickertz Katharine , Ogihara Makoto
Published: August 2019

Efforts to increase deceased donation have included the use of US Public Health Service (PHS) high‐risk donors. The homeless have high rates of medical and substance abuse issues that are often unrecognized. This study investigates whether the homeless should become suitable organ donors. We retrospectively reviewed 193 brain‐dead prospective donors from Hawaii's organ procurement organization (OPO; 2013‐2018) and compared two groups: homeless (n = 13) and non‐homeless (n = 180) prospective donors. The homeless prospective donors were older (48.0 vs 40.7 years, P = .009) and had more substance abuse (30.8% vs 10%, P = .046), methamphetamine use (53.8% vs 12.2%, P = .001), cocaine use (23.1% vs 3.9%, P = .022), and urine with amphetamines (54.5% vs 17.9%, P = .049). The homeless prospective donors trended toward more PHS high‐risk designation (50% vs 19%, P = .062). There was no difference in medical history, gender/race, hepatitis serologies, authorization for donation, and organs procured/transplanted between prospective donors. We have provided evidence that the homeless should become prospective organ donors; however, they have more high‐risk behaviors and often have limited information. Larger studies from OPOs are needed to better characterize organ donation and track disease transmission in this population.
Spatial scaling of population synchrony in marine fish depends on their life history
Authors: Marquez Jonatan F. , Lee Aline Magdalena , Aanes Sondre , Engen Steinar , Herfindal Ivar , Salthaug Are , Sæther Bernt‐Erik
Published: August 2019

The synchrony of population dynamics in space has important implications for ecological processes, for example affecting the spread of diseases, spatial distributions and risk of extinction. Here, we studied the relationship between spatial scaling in population dynamics and species position along the slow‐fast continuum of life history variation. Specifically, we explored how generation time, growth rate and mortality rate predicted the spatial scaling of abundance and yearly changes in abundance of eight marine fish species. Our results show that population dynamics of species' with ‘slow’ life histories are synchronised over greater distances than those of species with ‘fast’ life histories. These findings provide evidence for a relationship between the position of the species along the life history continuum and population dynamics in space, showing that the spatial distribution of abundance may be related to life history characteristics.
Addressing Immigration‐Related Stress in a Culturally Adapted Parenting Intervention for Mexican‐Origin Immigrants: Initial Positive Effects and Key Areas of Improvement
Authors: López‐Zerón Gabriela , Parra‐Cardona José Rubén , Yeh Hsueh‐Han
Published: August 2019

Culturally adapted evidence‐based parenting interventions constitute a key strategy to reduce widespread mental health disparities experienced by Latinx populations throughout the United States. Most recently, the relevance of culturally adapted parenting interventions has become more prominent as vulnerable Latinx populations are exposed to considerable contextual stressors resulting from an increasingly anti‐immigration climate in the country. The current study was embedded within a larger NIMH‐funded investigation, aimed at contrasting the differential impact of two culturally adapted versions of the evidence‐based parenting intervention known as GenerationPMTO©. Specifically, a sample of low‐income Mexican‐origin immigrants was exposed either to a culturally adapted version of GenerationPMTO primarily focused on parent training components, or to an enhanced culturally adapted version in which parenting components were complemented by sessions focused on immigration‐related challenges. The sample for the study consisted of 103 Mexican‐origin immigrant families (190 individual parents). Descriptive analysis and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) indicated that exposure to the enhanced intervention, which included context‐ and culture‐specific sessions, resulted in specific benefits for parents. However, the magnitude of the impact was not uniform for mothers and fathers and differed according to the type of immigration‐related stress being examined (i.e., intrafamilial vs. extrafamilial stress). Overall, findings indicate the relevance of overtly addressing contextual (e.g., discrimination) and cultural challenges in culturally adapted interventions, as well as the need to increase precision according to the extent to which immigration‐related stressors impact immigrant mothers and fathers in common and contrasting ways. Implications for family therapy practice and research are discussed.
Extracellular matrix: key structural and functional meshwork in health and disease
Authors: Karamanos Nikos K.
Published: August 2019

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a multifunctional 3D network of interconnected macromolecules that mediate cellular responses in normal and pathological conditions, including wound healing, tissue homeostasis, skeletal and cardiovascular disease, cancer and drug resistance. The potential of targeting ECM components, such as proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, matrix‐degrading enzymes and miRNAs will serve as a novel tool for innovative diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies. With this Special Issue on Extracellular Matrix in Health and Disease, The FEBS Journal offers an updated overview of the functional properties and biological roles of several ECM components, highlighting the significance of ECM targeting in disease management.
Consequences of consumer origin and omnivory on stability in experimental food web modules
Authors: Granados Monica , Pagnucco Katie S. , Ricciardi Anthony
Published: August 2019

Food web stability, a fundamental characteristic of ecosystems, is influenced by the nature and strength of species interactions. Theory posits that food webs are stabilised by omnivory and disrupted by novel consumers.

To test the effects of secondary consumer origin and trophic level on basal resource stability, we constructed crayfish–snail–algae modules using four congeneric species of crayfish (Faxonius spp.), two from native populations (Faxonius propinquus and Faxonius  virilis) and two from non‐native populations (Faxonius limosus and Faxonius rusticus). We performed surgical manipulations of crayfish feeding structures to create omnivore food web and predator food chain modules. We compared the temporal stability of these modules using measures of the coefficient of variation of the basal resource (benthic algae).

Consistent with theoretical and empirical predictions, food web modules with omnivory had the lowest coefficient of variation. However, contrary to prediction, we did not find consistently higher coefficients of variation in modules with non‐native species. Rather, across species, we found the lowest coefficient of variation in modules with one of the non‐native species (F. rusticus) and one native species (F. virilis), owing to stronger interactions between these crayfish species and their snail and algal food resources.

The results suggest that omnivory is indeed stabilising and that very weak interactions or very low attack rates of the consumer on the basal resource can be unstable. Thus, we demonstrate that omnivores may have different impacts than predators when introduced into a novel ecosystem, differences that can supersede the effect of species identity.
Genetic background modifies CNS‐mediated sensorimotor decline in the AD‐BXD mouse model of genetic diversity in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: O'Connell Kristen M. S. , Ouellette Andrew R. , Neuner Sarah M. , Dunn Amy R. , Kaczorowski Catherine C.
Published: August 2019

Many patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) also exhibit noncognitive symptoms such as sensorimotor deficits, which can precede the hallmark cognitive deficits and significantly impact daily activities and an individual's ability to live independently. However, the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor dysfunction in AD and their relationship with cognitive decline remains poorly understood, due in part to a lack of translationally relevant animal models. To address this, we recently developed a novel model of genetic diversity in Alzheimer's disease, the AD‐BXD genetic reference panel. In this study, we investigated sensorimotor deficits in the AD‐BXDs and the relationship to cognitive decline in these mice. We found that age‐ and AD‐related declines in coordination, balance and vestibular function vary significantly across the panel, indicating genetic background strongly influences the expressivity of the familial AD mutations used in the AD‐BXD panel and their impact on motor function. Although young males and females perform comparably regardless of genotype on narrow beam and inclined screen tasks, there were significant sex differences in aging‐ and AD‐related decline, with females exhibiting worse decline than males of the same age and transgene status. Finally, we found that AD motor decline is not correlated with cognitive decline, suggesting that sensorimotor deficits in AD may occur through distinct mechanisms. Overall, our results suggest that AD‐related sensorimotor decline is strongly dependent on background genetics and is independent of dementia and cognitive deficits, suggesting that effective therapeutics for the entire spectrum of AD symptoms will likely require interventions targeting each distinct domain involved in the disease.
Intracranial cellular schwannomas: a clinicopathological study of 20 cases
Authors: D'Almeida Costa Felipe , Dias Tiago M , Lombardo Kara A , Raghunathan Aditya , Giannini Caterina , Kenyon Lawrence , Saad Ali G , Gokden Murat , Burger Peter C , Montgomery Elizabeth A , Rodriguez Fausto J
Published: August 2019

Aims

Cellular schwannoma is a specific subtype of schwannoma, prone to misinterpretation as a malignant neoplasm. Involvement of the intracranial compartment by these tumours is extremely rare. We aim to characterise this clinicopathological subgroup.

Methods and results

We identified a total of 20 cellular schwannomas with predominant intracranial involvement. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 37 years (range = 16–81), with a slight female predominance (1.5:1 ratio). The most common sites were the eighth (n = 8) and fifth (n = 6) cranial nerves. Three tumours involved the anterior cranial fossa/olfactory groove, and a single case involved the glossopharyngeal nerve. All tumours met established criteria for cellular schwannoma, and were composed of interlacing fascicles of spindle cells lacking Verocay bodies with minimal Antoni B pattern and variable chronic inflammation and foamy histiocytes. Rare findings included haemosiderin deposition (n = 6), necrosis (n = 4), brisk mitotic activity (>10 mitoses per 10 high‐power fields) (n = 2), focal epithelioid morphology (n = 2), myxoid areas (n = 2), neuroblastoma‐like pattern (n = 1) and granular cells (n = 1). Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated expression of Schwann cell markers (S100 protein, SOX10, collagen IV) and preserved H3 K27 trimethylation in all cases tested. Fourteen patients had postoperative follow‐up, ranging from 2 months to 21 years (mean = 66 months). In patients with follow‐up, local recurrence/persistence developed in six cases; five tumours were initially incompletely resected. No metastatic disease or deaths were reported.

Conclusions

Intracranial cellular schwannomas share morphological and immunophenotypical features with cellular schwannomas at others sites may demonstrate locally aggressive growth but appear to lack metastatic potential.
Bioactive compounds sourced from Terminalia spp. in bacterial malodour prevention: an effective alternative to chemical additives
Authors: Cock I.E. , Wright M.H. , Matthews B. , White A.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Recently, our group reported that extracts prepared from the Australian native plant Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell. are potent inhibitors of the growth malodorous bacteria with similar efficacy to triclosan and through these results, we highlighted a potential biological alternative to the current chemical additives. Other members of the genus Terminalia are also well documented for their antibacterial potential and tannin contents and thus were investigated as potential deodorant additives.

Methods

Solvent extractions prepared from of selected Indian, Australian and South African Terminalia spp. were screened by disc diffusion and liquid dilution assays against C. jeikeium, S. epidermidis, P. acnes and B. linens. The antibacterial activity was quantified by liquid dilution MIC assays. The extracts were screened for toxicity using Atremia franciscana nauplii and HDF cell viability bioassays. High‐resolution time‐of‐flight (TOF) LC‐MS and GC‐MS headspace fingerprint analysis was used to detect tannin, flavonoid and terpenoid components in the extracts.

Results

Bacterial growth inhibition was observed in all Terminalia extracts with the methanolic T. chebula, T. carpenteriae and T. sericea extracts the most promising bacterial growth inhibitors, yielding MIC values as low as 200 µg mL−1. Toxicity analyses of the extracts were favourable, and we determined that the methanolic T. chebula, T. carpenteriae and T. sericea extracts were all non‐toxic. Using previously detected T. ferdinandiana antimicrobials as benchmarks, LC‐MS and GC‐MS fingerprint analyses revealed similar compounds in the methanolic T. chebula, T. carpenteriae and T. sericea extracts.

Conclusion

Through these results, we propose that Terminalia spp. extracts may be useful deodorant additives to inhibit the growth of axillary and plantar malodorous bacteria, offering a biological alternative to their chemically synthesized counterparts.
Affiliation of Indonesian audit firms with Big4 and second‐tier audit firms and the cost of debt
Authors: Kurniawati Heny , Van Cauwenberge Philippe , Vander Bauwhede Heidi
Published: August 2019

This paper documents that in Indonesia, where litigation risk is low and foreign audit firms can only enter the market through affiliation with a local audit firm, the appointment of a local audit firm affiliated either with a Big4 or a second‐tier audit firm reduces the cost of debt for listed companies significantly. This finding holds irrespective of the risk profile of the client and is independent of whether or not we control for endogenous auditor choice. There is less conclusive evidence of a difference in the magnitude of the effect of Big4 affiliation versus affiliation with a second‐tier audit firm. Our evidence is in line with the idea that Big4 and second‐tier audit firms are perceived as applying uniform quality criteria around the world, regardless of the local circumstances in which they operate.
Untargeted metabolomics to explore the oxidation processes during shelf life of pork patties treated with guarana seed extracts
Authors: Rocchetti Gabriele , Barba Francisco J. , Lorenzo Jose M. , Munekata Paulo E. S. , Bernardo Letizia , Tomasevic Igor , Pateiro Mirian , Lucini Luigi
Published: August 2019

The changes of metabolites in pork patties with different antioxidants added (control without antioxidants, 200 mg kg−1 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and 250 mg kg−1 guarana seed extracts (GSEs)) under modified atmosphere (80% O2 and 20% CO2) for 18 days of refrigerated storage were evaluated. Untargeted metabolomic approach based on UHPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS analysis was applied. GSE phytochemical profile revealed a wide variety of compounds (caffeine, glycerol 1‐propanoate, amino acids, alkaloids and glycerophospholipids), together with antioxidants (tyrosols, procyanidins and flavonoids). Important differences in BHT and GSE patties metabolomic profiles were found during storage. Most of the differences could be attributed to glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls, along with specific compounds derived from lipid oxidation (i.e. 2‐hexenal, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐hexenal and 2,4‐heptadienal) and protein degradation (spermine). Therefore, the approach used highlighted a modulation of lipid oxidative processes, together with strict correlation between metabolic profiles and factors associated with meat quality, highlighting GSE effect on active compounds delaying oxidative phenomena.
Think fast: The role of thin slices of behavior in employee selection decisions
Authors: Carnes Andrew M. , Knotts Kevin G. , Munyon Timothy P. , Heames Joyce T. , Houghton Jeffery D.
Published: August 2019

This study integrates past research addressing decision‐making, employee selection, and influence processes in an attempt to provide both a theoretical and empirical foundation for future research addressing initial impressions throughout the interview process. Using data from a simulated hiring situation comprised of 28 recruiters and 229 applicants, the results suggest that initial impressions formed at the beginning of the interview make a substantive impact on final impressions. However, impressions formed at the career fair do not appear to impact final impressions without considering the interactive effects of decision confidence. Hypotheses proposing that decision confidence would moderate linkages between initial impressions formed at the beginning of the interview and both interview scores and final impressions were not supported. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for selection.
Optical transition and luminescence properties of Sm3+‐doped YNbO4 powder phosphors
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Xiangping , Shen Rensheng , Xu Sai , Zhang Xizhen , Cheng Lihong , Sun Jiashi , Zhang Jinsu , Chen Baojiu
Published: August 2019

A series of YNbO4: Sm3+ powder phosphors with different doping concentrations were synthesized by a traditional high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. The crystal structure of the obtained samples was characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction. Concentration quenching, energy‐transfer mechanism, and luminescence thermal stability of YNbO4: Sm3+ samples were studied through the fluorescence spectra and decays. It was concluded that electric dipole‐dipole interaction was the dominant energy‐transfer mechanism between Sm3+ ions according to both Van Uitert's model and Dexter's model. Using the Arrhenius model, crossover process was proven to be responsible for the luminescence thermal quenching of Sm3+. Moreover, a novel approach for evaluating the optical transition properties of Sm3+ ion in YNbO4 powders using the diffuse‐diffraction spectrum and fluorescence decay was examined in the framework of Judd‐Ofelt (J‐O) theory. It was confirmed that the J‐O parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, 6) of Sm3+ in YNbO4 powder were reliable by comparing the radiation transition rate with the measured emission results.
Supportive periodontal therapy in moderate‐to‐severe periodontitis patients: A two‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Angst Patrícia Daniela Melchiors , Finger Stadler Amanda , Mendez Marina , Oppermann Rui Vicente , van der Velden Ubele , Gomes Sabrina Carvalho
Published: August 2019

Aim

Evaluate supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) consisting of oral prophylaxis with oral hygiene instructions as sole intervention (test) or combined with subgingival instrumentation removing/disrupting the subgingival biofilm (control).

Material and Methods

Sixty‐two treated periodontitis patients (50.97 ± 9.26 years, 24 smokers) were randomly assigned to receive, every 3 months during 2 years, either test or control treatment. Examination included periodontal probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Generalized estimating equations were used for analyses.

Results

Baseline demographics and smoking were similar between groups. However, at baseline, mean PPD was greater in test group than in control group (2.32 mm vs. 2.17 mm, p = .03), but similar after 2 years (2.23 mm vs. 2.15 mm, respectively). With time, significant PPD and BOP decrease and CAL increase were observed although without significant differences between groups. At sites ≥ 5 mm, PPD decrease was greater in test group than in control group irrespective of sex and smoking habit (p = .034). The distribution of sites gaining or losing attachment ±2 mm was similar between groups.

Conclusion

Oral prophylaxis with oral hygiene instructions alone or in combination with subgingival instrumentation was able to maintain the previously obtained periodontal condition to a comparable extent during 2 years of SPT.
Scoring Stability in a Large‐Scale Assessment Program: A Longitudinal Analysis of Leniency/Severity Effects
Authors: Palermo Corey , Bunch Michael B. , Ridge Kirk
Published: August 2019

Although much attention has been given to rater effects in rater‐mediated assessment contexts, little research has examined the overall stability of leniency and severity effects over time. This study examined longitudinal scoring data collected during three consecutive administrations of a large‐scale, multi‐state summative assessment program. Multilevel models were used to assess the overall extent of rater leniency/severity during scoring and examine the extent to which leniency/severity effects were stable across the three administrations. Model results were then applied to scaled scores to estimate the impact of the stability of leniency/severity effects on students’ scores. Results showed relative scoring stability across administrations in mathematics. In English language arts, short constructed response items showed evidence of slightly increasing severity across administrations, while essays showed mixed results: evidence of both slightly increasing severity and moderately increasing leniency over time, depending on trait. However, when model results were applied to scaled scores, results revealed rater effects had minimal impact on students’ scores.
Mathematical modeling and effect of drying temperature on physicochemical properties of new commercial grape “Kyoho” seeds
Authors: Sridhar Kandi , Charles Albert L.
Published: August 2019

Grape seeds (Kyoho: Vitis labruscana), an agricultural waste with value‐added potential, was investigated for the relationship between its physicochemical properties and drying temperature fitted with four thin layer drying models in a hot air oven. Experimental moisture ratio decreased with an increase in drying temperature; moreover, moisture diffusivity (Deff) ranged from 2.69 ± 1.82 × 10−8 (303.15 K) to 8.68 ± 1.25 × 10−8 (333.15 K) m2/s with activation energy of 33.72 ± 0.76 kJ/mol (R2 = 0.9914). Logarithmic (303.15 K: R2 = 0.9944, 333.15 K: R2 = 1) and Henderson–Pabis (313.15 K: R2 = 0.9611, 323.15 K: R2 = 0.9706) models were the most suitable for predicting experimental drying curves. Drying temperature had significant (p < .001) effects on physicochemical properties of Kyoho seeds except for color (1.36 ± 0.13 to 1.76 ± 0.29) and oil holding capacity (0.70 ± 0.01 to 0.94 ± 0.02 g/g). This study demonstrated the role of drying models to develop grape seed value‐added products.

Practical applications

The study was conducted to investigate the thin layer drying characteristics of Kyoho seeds at different drying temperatures. Moreover, the effect of drying temperature on physicochemical properties was evaluated. The proposed models should be useful to understand the behavior of drying models and predicted the effect of drying temperature on physicochemical properties. The insights gained from this study may be useful in food processing industries for designing grape seed drying equipment, which may contribute to the development of value‐added products from grape seeds.