bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic control of steam turbine two-valve mode under low load condition of coal-fired unit
Authors: Sun Zhe , Liu Chunhui , Li Ming , Zhao Junda , Xu Yao
Published: November 2021

In order to meet the requirements of deep peak regulation and rapid load change, coal-fired power stations are often under low load condition. Under low load conditions, there are serious throttling loss and poor economy of GV(Governor Valve).Here, based on the DEH sequence valve control of steam turbine, we innovatively propose the two valve operation mode and write the two valve mode control logic, which can automatically switch between the sequence valve and the two valve mode according to the valve flow command. On the premise of ensuring the stable operation of the unit, the purpose of reducing the throttle loss of the turbine can be achieved during the low load and peak regulation of the unit, and the fuel cost can be saved about 970,000 yuan per year. The control method is simple, reliable and practical, and can be widely used in thermal power units involved in peak regulation.
Research on the dynamic windproof and antiskid ability guarantee of port crane
Authors: Zhengqiu-Huang  , Weiping-Ouyang  , Lixin-Ren  , Jun-Qiu
Published: November 2021

This paper introduces the windproof and antiskid safety, types and working principles of dynamic windproof and antiskid devices in normal working conditions, analyzes the dynamic braking capacity and points out the deficiencies in the design, and puts forward relevant suggestion to provide basis for the subsequent evaluation of windproof and antiskid performance of port cranes.
The model relates to an substation inspection robot carrying a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Chen Dekai , Xue Boshui , Sun Ruofeng
Published: November 2021

A kind of substation inspection robot carrying unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) was studied to solve the problems of complex indoor environment of substation, high intensity of manual inspection and low efficiency of traditional inspection method. Using robot mobile platform connected to the robot controller of ontology, the robot controller of ontology through wireless router and background monitoring system for information transmission and according to the background monitoring system control command control robot mobile platform preset in the transformer substation inspection lines and parking. Walking on the robot mobile platform is equipped with the UAV. Wireless information transmission between the UAV and the robot body controller, take-off and landing controlled by the robot body controller and the camera component on the UAV takes pictures of the equipment and instruments of the substation so as to complete the substation inspection work safely and reliably.
Design of Intelligent Power Saving Socket Based on Infrared and Mechanical Control
Authors: Li WenShuang , Liang XianMing , Wang WenHao , Wu YuXuan , Li XuRong
Published: November 2021

In order to effectively solve the problem of power waste caused by forgetting to cut off the power supply during standby, reduce the waste of power resources and improve the safety of electrical appliances, this paper designs an intelligent power saving socket which can be used in many scenarios. The design fully considers the cost of equipment, reliability and practicability, can greatly save electricity, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction.
Numerical study on the effects of fin parameters on the charging process of PCM-based heat sink
Authors: Yang Yu , Pu Wenhao , Yao Haichen , Xing Xiaolong
Published: November 2021

In order to solve the heating problem of electronic devices, an optimal configuration of rectangular cavity straight fin phase change material (PCM) based heat sink is determined to extend the safe operating time in the charging process. With PCM-based heat sink as the object of research, a three-dimensional and transient melting model is constructed. The effects of fin number, height and thickness on phase change heat transfer process and natural convection are explored in depth, and the optimal configuration parameters of PCM-based heat sink are obtained. The results show that the configuration of 8 fins,15 mm in height and 2 mm in thickness is adopted as the optimal heat sink structure, with the longest safe operating time-1170 seconds. In the stable period of phase transition, the base temperature remains unchanged and the natural convection disturbance is strong. The short and dense fin arrangement can prolong the safe operating time of safety limit temperature 343K better.
The comparison of power capability between towed kite and horizontal axis fan
Authors: Yan Cuicui , Zhang Honglin
Published: November 2021

Airborne Wind Energy (AWE) mainly collects wind energy by tethered aircraft at a certain altitude. This paper discusses the recent development of AWE. The actuator disc theory is adopted to consider the influence of kites on wind flow obstruction. The difference of working mode between a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) and a crosswind kite power systems (CKPS) is compared, the power limit of HAWT and CKPS is calculated, and the reason of the limit power is analyzed. It is pointed out that CKPS has a wider range of flight and should be further analyzed and calculated rather than simply generalized by the system disk theory.
An Improved Chaotic Detection System for Metal Detectors
Authors: Hu Wenjing
Published: November 2021

This paper first applies a chaotic system-Duffing oscillator to a metal detector, and uses RHR algorithm to compute two Lyapunov characteristics exponents of the Duffing system. In this way, the two Lyapunov characteristic exponents can help to judge the Duffing system being chaotic or not quantitatively. And also help to get the threshold value more accurately. Then a simulation model of Duffing system fit for detectors is established by Matlab. Simulation results indicate that an suitable Duffing system can improve the sensitivity of a detector effectively.
Analysis of the influence of three-phase asynchronization recording on fault location of distribution network
Authors: Zhang Kai , Xu Mingming , Zhang Xinhui , Wang Supeng , Wu Wenhao
Published: November 2021

In order to improve the practical effect of the fault location technology, it is necessary to analyze the error caused by the three-phase asynchronization of the fault indicator recording. The influence of the three-phase recording asynchronization on the fault location of the distribution network is analyzed from the aspects of the start-up criterion, the error level of the zero-sequence current and the zero-sequence voltage. The simulation results show that fault location devices of different principles are affected differently by the asynchronization recording. In order to avoid mistake start-up of the fault location device, the change value should be used to construct the fault location start-up criterion. Meanwhile, the measurement accuracy of transient fault characteristics will be affected to a certain extent by the asynchronization of the fault indicator recording, but it has little effect on the reliability of fault location, and it can even make the fault characteristics more obvious after the single- phase fault occurs.
Modeling and Simulation of Fault Ride Through Performance of HPR1000 NPP in the UK Grid
Authors: Zhang Qingliang , Sun Hui , Zhai Changchun , Chen Xiaowei
Published: November 2021

This study focuses on the fault ride through capability of HPR1000 NPP in the UK grid and presents a Simulink-based modelling and simulation of the demonstration. The paper firstly introduces the fault ride through requirements of the UK grid, then describes the modelling process and analyses the simplified part accordingly, and finally analyses a three-phase ground fault with a duration of 140ms and a three-phase ground fault with a residual voltage of 85% and a duration of 180 seconds. The results show that the fluctuations of the plant under various fault ride through scenarios meet the requirements of the UK grid indicating the plant has fault ride through capability in the UK grid.
Research on Transmission and Offloading Scheme of MEC-IRS for Distribution Network Service
Authors: Xia Bingsen , Tang Yuanchun
Published: November 2021

the paper introduces IRS to assist offloading, and the propagation Environment can be intelligently changed by changing the reflection unit of the IRS, This article proposes an IRS-assisted MEC power distribution Internet of Things system, and studies the gain effect of IRS in the MEC system. In this system, the single antenna equipment can choose to unload a small part of its computing task to the edge computing node of the distribution Internet of things through the multi antenna access point with the help of IRS. In this paper, the delay minimization problem of the whole system is established, the DNQ reinforcement learning algorithm is used to solve the problem, which can effectively change the coverage of smart substations.
Low voltage abnormal user identification based on improved fish swarm algorithm
Authors: Kang Bing , Liu Chuan , Sun Min , Meng Tianqi , Zhou Jun , Wang Zongyao , Xu Zhihao
Published: November 2021

The power consumption readings of sub meter and total meter of distribution transformer of low-voltage users follow the law of conservation of energy. The meter power loss rate of abnormal low-voltage users must also be abnormal. This paper studies the solution of the meter power loss rate under the four abnormal power consumption scenarios of single (multi) user and full (partial) period. The traditional linear solution method has accurate identification effect for the abnormal power consumption scenario of full period, but it cannot identify the abnormal power consumption scenario of partial period. In this paper, an improved artificial fish swarm algorithm is proposed. By adjusting the fixed step to the adaptive step, the power loss rate of each sub meter is obtained, and the abnormal power users are pinpointed. The research results are verified by simulation examples on IEEE European Low Voltage Test Feeder. The results show that the improved artificial fish swarm algorithm in this paper can identify abnormal power users for the above four abnormal electric field scenarios. The algorithm provides a new alternative for the identification of abnormal low voltage users.
Simulation study on power system short circuit fault based on EMTP
Authors: Wang Lifang , Zhao Dewan , Huang Yue , Li Yangqing , Wang Yan
Published: November 2021

Electromagnetic transient simulation program EMTP is a common simulation commercial software in power system. It can effectively analyze and study power system. In this paper, EMTP is used to build the power system simulation model, and a variety of short-circuit faults in the power system are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the results accord with the actual theory, and the waveform can accurately and intuitively investigate the dynamic characteristics of power system faults. In addition, through the simulation comparison and analysis between different faults, it can be seen that the three-phase short-circuit fault is the most serious fault in the power system, which should be avoided in the actual production and life. This shows that EMTP is a powerful tool for power system simulation research, and provides a reference for the actual equipment selection requirements of the project.
Distributed communication power monitoring system based on big data technology
Authors: Liang Weiwei , Ma Wanli , Zhang Lixia , Fan Lei , Huo Meiru
Published: November 2021

Communication system has high quality requirements for power supply. Realizing the effective monitoring of power supply system is an important measure to improve power quality. In order to better and effectively manage massive power information in complex environment and avoid communication power failure, a design method of distributed communication power monitoring system based on big data technology is proposed. The system operation performance is proposed, and the software function and operation process of the communication power monitoring system are simplified by using big data technology to improve the system monitoring accuracy. Finally, the experiment shows that the distributed communication power monitoring system based on big data technology has significantly higher response speed and relatively lower monitoring error in the actual application process.
Health index prediction of dissolved gases in transformer oil based on statistical distribution model
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Liu Jiajia , Wang Xiaoguang , Wu Zhongyuan , Liu Chenyao
Published: November 2021

In this paper, dissolved gas analysis (DGA) and statistical distribution model (SDM) were used to predict the health index (HI) of dissolved gas in transformer oil. First, the individual DGA data are classified according to transformer ages ranging from 1 to 4 years. Then, representative fitting models were selected and extrapolated from 5 to 25 years. The inverse cumulative distribution function (ICDF) of the selected distribution model was used to calculate the single conditional parameter data from 5 to 25 years. Finally, the traditional scoring method is used to estimate the future HI value. The results show that DGA parameters can be expressed by exponential equation based on statistical model. The predicted values of DGA health index of transformer oil from 1 to 7 years were basically consistent with the calculated values, and the DGA score was 100 points. By the 20th year, the DGA score had dropped to 75, requiring timely monitoring. The research results can provide powerful data support and theoretical reference for transformer life prediction.
Comprehensive assessment and early warning of the risk of repeated power outages in distribution networks based on multi-source information fusion
Authors: Fan Fulai , Tang Xuesong , Wang Jianming , Xiao Yunkai , Yin Zhutao , Ye Kai , Ma Jianchao
Published: November 2021

In order to reduce the occurrence of power outages with repeated occurrences in the distribution network, this paper first defines the quantitative index of the concept of repeated occurrences. The FP-Growth data mining algorithm based on the optimal frequent itemset is proposed to obtain the correlation between the power outage factors. Combined with the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, the main reasons for repeated power outages are obtained. The analytic hierarchy process combining subjective and objective weights is used to comprehensively evaluate the risk of repeated power outages in the distribution network. This paper realizes the early warning of power outage risk based on the comprehensive probability value of power outage. Finally, an actual distribution network in Chongqing is taken as an example to verify the practicability and effectiveness of the method.
Electronic Current Transformer Defects Statistical Analysis of Intelligent Substation
Authors: Liu Bin , Xie Xiaodong , Xiong Junjun , Deng Xiaopin , Huang Hua
Published: November 2021

In order to master operation status of the electronic current transformer(ECT), application investigation and defects statistical analysis were conducted on ECT of 110(66)kV~1000kV applied in smart substation of the State Grid Corporation of China(SGCC). The defect location, defect cause and defect type of ECT with different principles are analyzed. The results indicate that the defects of ECT are mainly concentrated in the acquisition unit, the defect rate is closely related to the reliability of electronic components, the technical level, production process and quality control of the manufacturer. In view of the typical defect analysis, the corresponding solution measures are put forward to provide reference for the subsequent research and application of ECT.
Knowledge Modeling of power grid regulation based on reasoning map
Authors: Yang Yang , Huang Yifan
Published: November 2021

To contribute to the intelligence and knowledge of power grid regulation and control operations, this paper presents a method of power grid regulation knowledge modeling based on ELG (Event Logic Graph), which includes an event word extraction based on a predicate-argument model, an event chain extraction and fusion based on event similarity theory, an event generalization based on a soft-pattern algorithm, and an event relationship recognition based on rule pattern matching method and joint constraints. Finally, this paper uses events as nodes and event relationships as directed edges to construct an affair graph stipulated by the power grid regulation and control regulations. The ELG is also called the new generation knowledge graph. But the knowledge graph can only describe the existence of entities and the upper and lower associations between entities. ELG can explain the inheritance, causality between entities and the logic of affair evolution, and the probability of transition between legacy and causality. Therefore, knowledge modeling based on ELG has intelligent advantages. Also, compared with ontology-based knowledge modeling methods, the method proposed in this paper can realize the dynamic representation of control operation knowledge, can express the logic of behavior and logic of operation, and also has higher retrieval accuracy.
The hidden fluxes, that control the fluctuations of scalar fields
Authors: Nicolis Stam
Published: November 2021

The fluctuations of scalar fields, that are invariant under rotations of the worldvolume, in Euclidian signature, can be described by a system of Langevin equations. These equations can be understood as defining a change of variables in the functional integral for the noise, with which the physical degrees of freedom are in equilibrium. The absolute value of the Jacobian of this change of variables therefore repackages the fluctuations. This provides a new way of relating the number and properties of scalar fields with the consistent and complete description of their fluctuations and is another way of understanding the relevance of supersymmetry, which, in this way, determines the minimal number of real scalar fields (e.g. two in two dimensions, four in three dimensions and eight in four dimensions), in order for the system to be consistently closed.

The classical action of the scalar fields, obtained in this way, contains a surface term and a remainder, in addition to the canonical kinetic and potential terms. The surface term describes possible flux contributions in the presence of boundaries, while the remainder describes additional interactions, that can’t be absorbed in a redefinition of the canonical terms. It is, however, through its combination with the surface term that the noise fields can be recovered, in all cases. However their identities can be subject to anomalies.

What is of particular, practical, interest is the identification of the noise fields, as functions of the scalars, whose correlation functions are Gaussian. This implies new identities, between the scalars, that can be probed in real, or computer, experiments.
Embeddings of integrable models in supergravity and their perturbative stability
Authors: Itsios Georgios , Panopoulos Pantelis , Sfetsos Konstantinos
Published: November 2021

We discuss the perturbative stability of an AdS
3 non-supersymmetric solution of the type-IIB supergravity, whose internal geometry is given by the direct product of a round three-sphere and two λ-deformed factors based on the coset CFTs SU(2)/U(1) and SL(2, ℝ)/SO(1,1). This solution admits a two-dimensional parametric space spanned by the inverse radius of the AdS
3 and the deformation parameter λ. Reality of the background imposes restrictions on the values of these parameters. Further limitations on the values of the inverse radius and the parameter λ arise after requiring the stability of the solution. Our approach relies on the study of scalar perturbations around the AdS
3 vacuum of a three-dimensional effective theory. This reveals the existence of a region in the parametric space where the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound is not violated.
Scale-invariance, dynamically induced Planck scale and inflation in the Palatini formulation
Authors: Gialamas Ioannis D. , Karam Alexandros , Pappas Thomas D. , Racioppi Antonio , Spanos Vassilis C.
Published: November 2021

We present two scale invariant models of inflation in which the addition of quadratic in curvature terms in the usual Einstein-Hilbert action, in the context of Palatini formulation of gravity, manages to reduce the value of the tensor-to-scalar ratio. In both models the Planck scale is dynamically generated via the vacuum expectation value of the scalar fields.
Quantum fluctuations of baryon number density
Authors: Singh Rajeev
Published: November 2021

Quantum fluctuation expression of the baryon number for a subsystem consisting of hot relativistic spin−

1
2

particles are derived. These fluctuations seems to diverge in the limit where system size goes to zero. For a broad range of thermodynamic parameters numerical solutions are obtained which might be helpful to interpret the heavy-ion experimental data.
Observation of ZZ production via Vector Boson Scattering in ATLAS
Authors: Maznas Ioannis
Published: November 2021

This document presents measurement results of the ZZ production via Vector Boson Scattering interactions in 139fb
−1 of data recorded by the ATLAS detector from pp collisions at

s

=
13

TeV during LHC Run-II (2015-2018). In this study, 127 candidate events with a fully leptonic final state (ℓℓℓℓjj) have been observed and another 82 events for ℓℓvvjj final state, with a contribution of the purely electroweak ZZjj process estimated to be 20.6 ± 2.5 and 12.3 ± 0.7 events respectively. The measured cross sections were found to be 1.27 ± 0.14fb (1.22 ± 0.35fb) for ℓℓℓℓjj (ℓℓvvjj) in their respective fiducial regions. Using multivariant methods, the EW production of ZZjj events (combining the ℓℓℓℓjj and ℓℓvvjj channels) was measured to have a signal strength of 1.35± 0.34, which leads to a rejection of the no-electroweak hypothesis with a statistical significance of 5.5σ.
Studies on dimension-eight genuine Quartic Boson Coupling operators
Authors: Marantis A. , Maznas I. , Kordas K. , Leisos A. , Tsirigotis A.
Published: November 2021

Vector Boson Scattering (VBS) processes provide a great source of information on the structure of the Quartic Gauge Boson Couplings (QGCs). The Standard Model allows self interactions of the charged vector gauge bosons, although vertices with neutral-only bosons are forbidden. In this paper we use Monte Carlo samples containing VBS events with two Z-bosons in association with two jets, and we present preliminary studies for the setting of constraints on anomalous quartic couplings. In these studies we investigate typical kinematic variables and we classify them according to their sensitivity to aQGC effects. Finally, we evaluate the cross-section enhancement by each one of the dimension-eight QGC operators in the ZZjj channel.
Signal processing techniques for precise timing with novel gaseous detectors
Authors: Manthos I , Kordas K , Maniatis I , Tsopoulou M , Tzamarias S E
Published: November 2021

The experimental requirements in current and near-future accelerators and experiments have stimulated intense interest in R&D of detectors with high precision timing capabilities, resulting in novel instrumentation. During the R&D phase, the timing information is usually extracted from the signal using the full waveform collected with fast oscilloscopes; this method produces a large amount of data and it becomes impractical when the detector has many channels. Towards practical applications, the data acquisition should be undertaken by dedicated front-end electronic units. The selected technology should retain the signal timing characteristics and consequently the timing resolution on the particle’s arrival time. We investigate the adequacy of the Leading-edge discrimination timing technique to achieve timing with a precision in the order of tens of picosecond with novel gaseous detectors. The method under investigation introduces a “time-walk” which impinges on the timing resolution. We mitigate the effect of time-walk using three different approaches; the first based on multiple Time-over-Threshold, the second based on multiple Charge-over-Threshold information and the third uses artificial Neural Network techniques. The results of this study prove the feasibility of the methods and their ability to achieve a timing resolution comparable to that obtained using the full waveforms.
Feasibility study of muon tomography application in a non-invasive representation of tumulus
Authors: Kalaitzidou I , Tsiledakis G , Lampoudis C , Petridou C , Sampsonidis D , Kordas K , Tzamarias S , Leisos A , Tsirigotis A , Tsiafis Ch
Published: November 2021

Within the frame of the EKATϒ programme, whose purpose is the innovative imaging of the subsurface of archaeological sites and the interior of structural elements of monuments in “three” and “four” dimensions, the applicability of Muon Tomography technique in the representation of a tumulus is tested in the present work. The scanning of its internal structure is accomplished by measuring the flux deficit of cosmic muon tracks in the presence of an object inside the tumulus, compared to the muon flux when traversing a uniform tumulus (transmission muography). The feasibility study of the method is achieved with a simulation of the tumulus geometry and the structure under investigation. Following the simulation process, a tracking telescope, consisting of four MicroMegas detectors and two trigger plastic scintillators, will be placed near Apollonia’s tumulus to collect data. For the specific latitude where the Apollonia’s tumulus is located, the energy and angular muon distribution at sea level is studied. Implementing the dimensions of the telescope in the simulation, the back-projection method is examined for the localization of the hidden object and the estimation of its dimensions. The method is tested for the telescope optimal position, placed under the tumulus, and the realistic one, placed near the tumulus at the level of its base.
Design of a Differential Safety Mechanism (DSM) Dedicated to the NSW Micromegas Wedges
Authors: Alexopoulos T. , Gazis E. N. , Maltezos S. , Mesolongitis I.
Published: November 2021

The New Small Wheel Micromegas detector system for the Upgrade of ATLAS Muon Spectrometer is in the phase of integration and commissioning at the Laboratories BB5 and Building 191 at CERN respectively. In this framework, the produced modules are evaluated and tested at a Cosmic Ray Stand or at their final position on New Small Wheel. Providing gas mixture to the Micromegas Wedges, the static gauge pressure inside the detector’s layers must be kept below a nominal value around 3 mbar. Pressures above 10 mbar, due several reasons or gas line blocking, could cause serious damages in the detectors. In this work we describe the principle of operation and the design of a low cost intelligent unit, the “Differential Safety Mechanism”, dedicated to protect the Micromegas Wedges against unexpected slow or sudden increase of the static gauge pressure. The internal detailed structure, the simulation and the prototype tests of the DSM are presented analytically in this work.
The Detector Control System of the New Small Wheel for the ATLAS experiment
Authors: Tzanis Polyneikis
Published: November 2021

The ATLAS Muon Spectrometer is going through an extensive Phase I upgrade to cope up with the future LHC runs of high luminosity of up to instantaneous luminosity of 7.5 × 1034cm−2s−1. The luminosity increase drastically impacts the ATLAS trigger and readout data rates. The present ATLAS Small Wheel Muon detector will be replaced with a New Small Wheel (NSW) detector which is expected to be installed in the ATLAS underground cavern by the end of the Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC. Due to its complexity and long-term operation, the NSW requires the development of a sophisticated Detector Control System (DCS). The use of such a system is necessary to allow the detector to function consistently and safely as well as to function as a seamless interface to all sub-detectors and the technical infrastructure of the experiment. The central system handles the transition between the probe’s possible operating states while ensuring continuous monitoring and archiving of the system’s operating parameters. Any abnormality in any subsystem of the detector triggers a signal or alert (alarm), which alerts the user and either adapts to automatic processes or allows manual actions to reset the system to function properly.
Selective cytotoxicity mechanisms and biodistribution of diamond nanoparticles on the skin cancer in C57 mouse
Authors: Moradi Elham , Naserzadeh Parvaneh , Brouki Millan Peiman , Ashtari Behnaz
Published: November 2021

The cytotoxicity of diamond nanoparticles (DNs) to various cell lines has been on focus by numerous scientists. The cellular toxicity system of DNs has not been fully understood or explained in skin cancer, at this point. This research was carried out to discover and reveal the potential impacts of DNs on the secluded brain, heart, liver, kidney, and skin in addition to evaluation of their cytotoxicity mechanism under test conditions. Their biological activities, for example cell viability, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, cytochrome c release and Apoptosis/Necrosis were evaluated. Additionally, the bio-distribution of these nanomaterials in tissues was examined in the C57 mouse. Relying on the findings of the investigation, DNs were found to increase the ROS level, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, release of cytochrome c, and cell death in skin significantly compared to other groups. In the C57 mouse, DNs were observed to have accumulated in skin tissue more intensively than they did in other organs. The present study presents for the proof that DNs can completely induce cell death signaling in skin cancer without bringing about a high cytotoxicity in other tissues. Results suggest that DNs can be valuable in recognition of skin cancer.
Barrier billiard and random matrices
Authors: Bogomolny Eugene
Published: November 2021

The barrier billiard is the simplest example of pseudo-integrable models with interesting and intricate classical and quantum properties. Using the Wiener–Hopf method it is demonstrated that quantum mechanics of a rectangular billiard with a barrier in the centre can be reduced to the investigation of a certain unitary matrix. Under heuristic assumptions this matrix is substituted by a special low-complexity random unitary matrix of independent interest. The main results of the paper are (i) spectral statistics of such billiards is insensitive to the barrier height and (ii) it is well described by the semi-Poisson distributions.
Innovative technologies of modified starch production
Authors: Ushakov D S , Shepelev V V , Patlasov O Yu
Published: November 2021

Paper analyzes the modern technologies for the modified starches production, as well as their comparative characteristics by production costs, technical and economic indicators of the manufacture process. Study also describes authors’ original technologies for the production of magnesia-enriched and iodized wheat starches by creating mineral substances solutions and their later chemical modification. It considers previous studies by Russian and foreign authors on various technologies for the modified starches production, special attention to the quality of modified starches production from various crops was given.
Infiltration wells utilizing watershed conservation for flood prevention
Authors: Situmorang M , Setiyadi S , Hutabarat L E
Published: November 2021

Rainfall is a determining factor in analyzing planned floods. This research was conducted by collecting secondary data and the field data concerning the soil’s ability to infiltrate the volume of rainfall. Data processing is carried out by statistical analysis to estimate the average rainfall, intensity value, estimated discharge plan, volume of runoff and estimated infiltration rate. These parameters are important related to the infiltration well dimensions planning and the conserving water area. From the research results, it is shown that infiltration rate and optimal dimensions of infiltration wells very dependent on rainfall discharge and runoff volume in each region. Artificial infiltration is an alternative solution for maintaining groundwater balance and overcoming water problems. With groundwater infiltration, groundwater infiltration can maintain a relatively stable groundwater depth. Infiltration rate in RT 06 Cawang are 54,03 cm/hour lower than in Kelurahan 11 Cawang East Jakarta are 54,12 cm/hour, with perimeter area of wells DSP = 1,5 m2, Depth of well (HSP) = -1,89 m2and coverage area of well (ASP) = 1,77 m2.
The family of Annonaceae: the important role in forest ecosystems and human being life
Authors: Handayani T , Yuzammi
Published: November 2021

Forest, as a natural resource, plays an important role for all living organisms which are living inside or outside the forest. Various plant species are found living in the forest, including the Annonaceae family which consists of 109 genera and 2440 species that are also playing an important role in the environment and human life. The purpose of this study was to reveal the importance of the Annonaceae family for the life of human beings and the life of organisms in the forest. Using the exploration method by analyzing exploration data, including secondary data, this study was conducted. The results showed that members of the Annonaceae family are those essentially controlling the balance of forest ecosystems, environment control for organisms, and provide food for creatures in the forest. Others such as ecological, hydrological, and climatological functions are provided by the members. Besides, several members are timber sources for human interest as well as a raw material of traditional medicine, cosmetics, and perfume. Another usage of the members is used in traditional ceremonies. Moreover, Annaceous acetogenin compound found in Annonaceae can be used as an antitumor and also as a pesticide, which will lead to a promise in the future.
Characteristics of wood pellets from over-dry sawdust waste
Authors: Wibowo S , Arief K , Waluyo T K
Published: November 2021

Wood pellets are renewable fuels from biomass which can be an alternative substitute for petroleum fuels. One of the raw materials for making wood pellets is sawdust from the sawmill industry or other wood craftsmen. Sawdust waste that dumped for a long time will reduce its moisture content (over-dry) and will be difficult to form into pellets. In this paper, we studied the effect of adding liquid solution ie. water, tapioca starch solution, pure molasses solution and dilute molasses solution on over-dry sawdust to the characteristic properties of wood pellet torrefaction. The sawdust material was collected from the wood sawmill in the Bogor District. There were five treatments i.e sawdust (control), sawdust + 10% water, sawdust + 10% tapioca starch solution, sawdust + 10% pure molasses solution, sawdust + 10% diluted molasses solution. The wood pellet torrefaction properties were investigated using a manual hot press at the temperature of 210°C. The results showed that the addition of pure molasses solution produced better pellets than other treatments, with properties i.e water content of 2.65%, the ash content of 1.45%, volatile matter 76.72%, fixed carbon 19.18%, the calorific value of 19.56 MJkg−1, density 0.84 gcm−3, and compressive strength 52.22 kgcm−2.
Strategies of the village community to survive in a changing environment: survive or change
Authors: Sakuntaladewi N , Rochmayanto Y , Ramawati  , Iqbal M , Arifanti V B
Published: November 2021

Traditional ecological knowledge becomes difficult to apply in areas where natural resources have been degraded. This is experienced by people living on degraded peatlands in Tumbang Nusa, Central Kalimantan Province. They are confused to determine the appropriate livelihood. This paper aims to analyse the community’s understanding of peatlands and the causes of their destruction, as well as livelihood options to survive on degraded peatlands. Data are collected from 24 randomly selected families and analysed descriptively qualitatively. The analysis shows that the respondents are aware that their peatlands have been degraded and the reason is the unsuitable program that is applied on peatlands. Options for survival can be grouped into two. Around 58% of respondents remain on their ancestral livelihoods and do not cultivate on the peatland, and 42% of respondents chose to occupy the peatlands. They farm on peatlands with considerable risk, raise livestock and do business. Some are still catching fish in the river. Respondents’ choice of livelihood bases on their knowledge of peatland, calculation of potential failure, family’s economic capacity, and outside assistance. The study recommends the importance of providing communities with knowledge about social and environmental safeguards to help them determine their livelihoods with minimal risk.
Dynamic model of dissolved oxygen in intensive concrete pond of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Bomo Village, East Java
Authors: Supriatna  , Mahmudi M
Published: November 2021

This study is to understand a simple model of dissolved oxygen (DO) and other water quality factors that affect it in two seasons in intensive white leg shrimp ponds. Water quality parameters in the dry and rainy seasons in several ponds were sampled daily, including temperature, pH, (DO), salinity, twice a week, including ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, total alkalinity, and total bacteria. Besides daily, dissolved oxygen is also measured before the harvest every two hours by using dark bottles and light bottles. Pond water quality parameters are still suitable for white shrimp culture. Daily DO shrimp ponds form a polynomial regression model. DO in light bottles constructed a quadratic regression model, DO in dark bottles created a linear regression pattern, with a DO reduction rate of 0.6338 mg−lper hour. During one of the shrimp cultures, the DO model showed an inverse quadratic equation with the lowest oxygen solubility level on day 57. DO was positively correlated with changes in salinity and transparency and negatively related to ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, total alkalinity, and total bacteria count.
Alginate oligosaccharide/polysaccharide and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus FNCC–0041 & Streptococcus thermophilus FNCC–0040) as immunostimulants against pathogenic Vibrio spp. using Artemia bio model
Authors: Yudiati Ervia , Wijayanti D P , Azhar N , Chairunnisa A I , Sedjati S , Arifin Z
Published: November 2021

Alginate polysaccharide/oligosaccharide (APS/AOS) has been proven as a good immunostimulant. FNCC–0041 & FNCC–0040 are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) producing exopolysaccharides. Vibrio bacteria are pathogenic for aquatic cultivans. This study determines the performance of APS/AOS in combination with LAB as immunostimulants. These were conducted in Artemia challenge test assay against three species of Vibrio spp., namely Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp), V. harveyi (Vh), and V. vulnificus (Vv). The treatments were prepared by Factorial Design with two factors (APS/AOS doses and Vibrio spp.) and replicated three times. The APS/AOS concentration was 0, 300, 600, 900 ppm. There were 8 levels of vibrio challenges, namely non-Vibrio, Vp, Vh, Vv, Vp-Vh, Vh-Vp, Vv-Vp, and Vp-Vh-Vv. LAB and APS/AOS were fermented with seawater encapsulated by newly hatched Artemia’s nauplii for one hour. Ten nauplii were taken out and challenged with 108 cells/mL Vibrio. Its survival rate (SR) was counted every six hours until reached 100% mortality. Results show that SR of all nauplii Artemia bio encapsulated treatments was higher than control (p<0.05). The best survival rate was reached from 400 ppm AOS. It has appeared that there is a synergically positive effect among the bio encapsulated AOS and LAB to accelerate the Artemia’s immune system.
Life cycle assessment of expanded polystyrene
Authors: Lim Y S , Izhar T N T , Zakarya I A , Yusuf S Y , Zaaba S K , Mohamad M A
Published: November 2021

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is one of the most common materials used in packaging. In Malaysia, EPS is a type of plastic which is not in the recycling category. Usually, EPS wastes will end up in landfill and incinerator, leading to severe environmental impacts. Therefore, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) study of EPS was carried out to investigate the potential environmental impacts of EPS. The most significant potential environmental impact will also be identified. Both will be identified under 2 different scenarios. The study was analyzed using GaBi Education Software with the method of TRACI 2.1 to the environmental indicators of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), and ozone depletion potential (ODP). In scenario 1, the emission percentage for GWP, AP, EP, and ODP are 99.73 %, 0.21 %, 0.06 %, and 3x10-6 %, respectively. As for scenario 2, all the 3 conditions show similar trend with scenario 1. The LCA study of EPS is particularly focused on the manufacturing, distribution, and the end-of-lifetime treatments, with the introduction of recycling into the system. The findings show that manufacturing of EPS is the major contributor of the environmental impacts and GWP contributes to the most significant potential environmental impacts. Overall, recycling was found to have the least impact to the environment, which possibly be used as the new end-of-lifetime treatment of EPS in Malaysia.
Production of Dianthus Caryophyllus L. Cultivar (Nanus) as A potted Flowering Plant Using Two Growth Retardants (Alar and Paclobutrazol)
Authors: Al-Bayati Mateen Yilmaz I. , Salih Ziyad Khalaf
Published: November 2021

The experiment of one factor was carried out in the greenhouse of the University of Kirkuk - College of Agriculture - Agricultural Research and Experiment Station for the two agricultural seasons 2020-2021, by planting the seeds of the Carnations (Nanus) plant in special dishes for planting seeds filled with peat moss on 1-10-2020, when the reaching the required size of the root system, the seedlings were transferred on 20-1-2021 to the final and required size of the pots with a diameter of (13 cm) and were treated with two types of plant growth retardants (Alar and Paclobutrazol) at two different levels in addition to the control treatment (100-200) mg.l−1 Alar, (100-200) mg.l−1 Paclobutrazol and the spraying process was repeated 15 days after the first spray. The experiment resulted in a significant superiority of Paclobutrazol at the concentration 200 mg.l−1, as it was significantly superior by giving the lowest plant height and the highest flowers diameter compared to Alar factor and the control treatment, while Alar was significantly superior at the concentration of 100 mg.l−1 by giving the largest number of plant branches and the largest number of flowers compared to Paclobutrazol and control.
Field Emergence Affected by Zea Mays L. Cultivars and Seed Soaking in Acids of Ascorbic, Citric and Humic
Authors: Kadhim J. J. , Hamza Jalal Hameed
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was carried out during the spring season 2019 and 2020 to obtain a fast, uniform, and high field emergence ratio of maize seeds under a wide range of environmental conditions. Randomize complete block design in the split-plot arrangement was used with three replications. The first factor in the main plots was cultivars (5018, Baghdad3 and Sumer). The second factor in the sub-plots was seeds soaking with ascorbic and citric acids (100 mg L−1) each and humic (1 ml L−1) in addition to control treatment (seeds soaking with distilled water only). Results showed the superiority of soaking with humic acid significantly, as means of characteristics of field emergence in both seasons, respectively, were as follows: Last day of field emergence (12.4 and 12.6 days), time spread of field emergence (4.4 and 4.6 days), emergence at first and final counts (62.4 and 34.4 %) and (95.8 and 88.0 %), daily emergence rate (8.0 and 7.3 % day−1), mean field emergence time (8.7 and 9.3 days), emergence index rate (11.1 and 9.7 % day−1), velocity coefficient of field emergence (11.4 and 10.8) and emergence index (407.6 and 333.3). Cultivars didn’t differentiate among themselves, with the effect of seeds soaking in most traits. It can be concluded that seeds soaking with humic acid improved characteristics of emergence and seedlings, so it can be recommended to soaking maize seeds with humic acid at the concentration (1 ml L−1) when planting them in the spring season.
The Effect of Temperature Stress Associated With Different Planting Dates and Levels of Gibberellic Acid on The Growth of Sorghum Spring
Authors: Jabir Diaa Abd Alkarim , Mahmoud Mohammed Radwan
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture/University of Al-Muthanna during the spring season 2021 to determine the effect of planting dates on some growth characteristics of sorghum. The experiment was applied by arranging the split panels according to the RCBD design and with three replications. The main panels included three planting dates (4/15 ’ 4\5 ’ 3/25) while the secondary panels included gibberellin treatments (0, 100ppm) and the results were as follows: The planting date exceeded the first date 3/25 in the number of days to 75% flowering (97.5 days), the height of the plant (143.74 cm) and the diameter of the stem(2.34 cm) and the number of leaves per plant (8.73 leaves). 75% flowering, giving(92.33) days, plant height (136.55 cm), stem diameter (2.04 cm) and number of leaves (8.10 leaves).
Asian American Cultural Critique at the End of US Empire
Authors: Lye Colleen
Published: November 2021

Sharpening contradictions in US–China economic interdependency has created a crisis and an opportunity for Asian American cultural critique. A crisis in that it is plainer than ever before that antiracism and anti-imperialism do not necessarily align; an opportunity in that US and China’s financial entanglements have fueled a boom in the Asian American novel as a lively genre of the transPacific credit economy. At the very least, this makes for the new social relevance of Asian American novel criticism.
Immigrant males’ knowledge influences baboon troop movements to reduce home range overlap and mating competition
Authors: Collet Julien , Pettorelli Nathalie , Baniel Alice , Carter Alecia J , Huchard Elise , King Andrew J , Lee Alexander E G , Marshall Harry H , Cowlishaw Guy
Published: November 2021

Mechanistic models suggest that individuals’ memories could shape home range patterns and dynamics, and how neighbors share space. In social species, such dynamics of home range overlap may be affected by the pre-dispersal memories of immigrants. We tested this “immigrant knowledge hypothesis” in a wild population of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). We predicted that overlap dynamics with a given neighboring troop’s home range should reflect males’ adaptive interests in overlap when the alpha male had immigrated from this neighboring troop but less so when the alpha male originated from elsewhere. We used data collected between 2005 and 2013 on two neighboring troops in Namibia, comprising GPS records of daily ranges, male natal origins, daily females’ reproductive status, and a satellite index of vegetation growth. We found support for our prediction in line with male reproductive strategies but not in line with foraging conditions. In periods with a higher relative number of fertile females over adult males in the focal troop, male baboons would benefit from reducing overlap with their neighbors to mitigate the costs of between-troop mating competition. This was indeed observed but only when the alpha male of the focal troop was an immigrant from that neighboring troop, and not with alpha males of other origins, presumably due to their different knowledge of the neighboring troop. Our findings highlight the role of reproductive competition in the range dynamics of social groups, and suggest that spatial segregation between groups could increase through the combination of dispersal and memory.