bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media Consumption and COVID-19–Related Precautionary Behaviors During the Early Pandemic: Survey Study of Older Adults (Preprint)
Authors: Smail Emily J , Livingston Torie , Wolach Adam , Cenko Erta , Kaufmann Christopher N , Manini Todd M
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 pandemic, media sources dedicated significant time and resources to improve knowledge of COVID-19 precautionary behaviors (eg, wearing a mask). Many older adults report using the television, radio, print newspapers, or web-based sources to get information on political news, yet little is known about whether consuming news in the early phase of the pandemic led to behavior change, particularly in older adults.

OBJECTIVE

The goals of this study were to determine (1) whether dosage of news consumption on the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with COVID-19 precautionary behaviors; (2) whether being an ever-user of social media was associated with engagement in COVID-19 precautionary behaviors; and (3) among social media users, whether change in social media use during the early stages of the pandemic was associated with engagement in COVID-19 precautionary behaviors.

METHODS

Data were obtained from a University of Florida–administered study conducted in May and June of 2020. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between traditional news and social media use on COVID-19 precautionary behaviors (eg, mask wearing, hand washing, and social distancing behaviors). Analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, including age, sex, marital status, and education level.

RESULTS

In a sample of 1082 older adults (mean age 73, IQR 68-78 years; 615/1082, 56.8% female), reporting 0 and <1 hour per day of media consumption, relative to >3 hours per day, was associated with lower engagement in COVID-19 precautionary behaviors in models adjusted for demographic characteristics (β=–2.00; P<.001 and β=–.41; P=.01, respectively). In addition, increasing social media use (relative to unchanged use) was associated with engagement in more COVID-19 precautionary behaviors (β=.70, P<.001). No associations were found between being an ever-user of social media and engaging in COVID-19 precautionary behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS

The results demonstrated an association between higher media consumption and greater engagement in COVID-19 precautionary behaviors in older adults. These findings suggest that media can be effectively used as a public health tool for communication of prevention strategies and best practices during future health threats, even among populations who are historically less engaged in certain types of media.
Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Deep Learning Prediction Models on COVID-19 Severity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Changyu , Liu Siru , Tang Yu , Yang Hao , Liu Jialin
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Deep learning (DL) prediction models hold great promise in the triage of COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic test accuracy of DL prediction models for assessing and predicting the severity of COVID-19.

METHODS

We searched PubMed, Scopus, LitCovid, Embase, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library for studies published from December 1, 2019, to April 30, 2022. Studies that used DL prediction models to assess or predict COVID-19 severity were included, while those without diagnostic test accuracy analysis or severity dichotomies were excluded. QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2), PROBAST (Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool), and funnel plots were used to estimate the bias and applicability.

RESULTS

A total of 12 retrospective studies involving 2006 patients reported the cross-sectionally assessed value of DL on COVID-19 severity. The pooled sensitivity and area under the curve were 0.92 (95% CI 0.89-0.94; I2=0.00%) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.92-0.96), respectively. A total of 13 retrospective studies involving 3951 patients reported the longitudinal predictive value of DL for disease severity. The pooled sensitivity and area under the curve were 0.76 (95% CI 0.74-0.79; I2=0.00%) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.76-0.83), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

DL prediction models can help clinicians identify potentially severe cases for early triage. However, high-quality research is lacking.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42022329252; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD 42022329252
Deep Learning Approach for Negation and Speculation Detection for Automated Important Finding Flagging and Extraction in Radiology Report: Internal Validation and Technique Comparison Study (Preprint)
Authors: Weng Kung-Hsun , Liu Chung-Feng , Chen Chia-Jung
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Negation and speculation unrelated to abnormal findings can lead to false-positive alarms for automatic radiology report highlighting or flagging by laboratory information systems.

OBJECTIVE

This internal validation study evaluated the performance of natural language processing methods (NegEx, NegBio, NegBERT, and transformers).

METHODS

We annotated all negative and speculative statements unrelated to abnormal findings in reports. In experiment 1, we fine-tuned several transformer models (ALBERT [A Lite Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers], BERT [Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers], DeBERTa [Decoding-Enhanced BERT With Disentangled Attention], DistilBERT [Distilled version of BERT], ELECTRA [Efficiently Learning an Encoder That Classifies Token Replacements Accurately], ERNIE [Enhanced Representation through Knowledge Integration], RoBERTa [Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach], SpanBERT, and XLNet) and compared their performance using precision, recall, accuracy, and F1-scores. In experiment 2, we compared the best model from experiment 1 with 3 established negation and speculation-detection algorithms (NegEx, NegBio, and NegBERT).

RESULTS

Our study collected 6000 radiology reports from 3 branches of the Chi Mei Hospital, covering multiple imaging modalities and body parts. A total of 15.01% (105,755/704,512) of words and 39.45% (4529/11,480) of important diagnostic keywords occurred in negative or speculative statements unrelated to abnormal findings. In experiment 1, all models achieved an accuracy of >0.98 and F1-score of >0.90 on the test data set. ALBERT exhibited the best performance (accuracy=0.991; F1-score=0.958). In experiment 2, ALBERT outperformed the optimized NegEx, NegBio, and NegBERT methods in terms of overall performance (accuracy=0.996; F1-score=0.991), in the prediction of whether diagnostic keywords occur in speculative statements unrelated to abnormal findings, and in the improvement of the performance of keyword extraction (accuracy=0.996; F1-score=0.997).

CONCLUSIONS

The ALBERT deep learning method showed the best performance. Our results represent a significant advancement in the clinical applications of computer-aided notification systems.
THE IMPACT OF LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN WEST AFRICA
Authors: Ajao Mayowa Gabriel , Iyekekpolor Emmanuel Nosagie
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the effect of liquidity management on financial performance of deposit money banks (DMBs) by considering the banking sector of selected countries of the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ). Aggregate banking sector data for the four selected economies were used from 1991 to 2020. The panel data regression analysis is also adopted for the empirical analysis after a statistical evaluation of the datasets are performed. The results from the empirical analysis reveal that reducing the cash to deposit ratio is the most efficient liquidity management strategy that may deliver enhanced performance for the DMBs among the sampled countries. Moreover, it was found that loans and advances to total assets have significant impact on financial performance of DMBs in West African countries. The ratio of loans and advances to total assets is limited to return on equity. There is also evidence that the ratio of loans and advances to deposit does not have a significant effect on financial performance of DMBs in West African countries. There is need for banks in the selected countries to monitor their deposit mobilization capacity since it has shown to have major implications on the liquidity management strategies in the banking sectors for the selected countries.
IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF TOURISM IN CENTRAL, EASTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE (CESEE) COUNTRIES
Authors: Stanišić Tanja , Leković Miljan , Milutinović Sonja
Published: February 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought numerous challenges and limitations globally. Countries around the world are facing the negative socio-economic consequences of the global health crisis. As the tourism sector is one of the most important sectors of the global economy and also one of the sectors hardest hit by the crisis, the consequences of the negative impact of this crisis in tourism are very wide. The subject of this paper is to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economic effects of tourism in Central, Eastern and Southern European (CESEE) countries. The aim of this paper is to analyse the homogeneity, i.e. heterogeneity of the analysed countries in terms of the negative impacts of the crisis on the economic effects of tourism through the analysis of the reduction of the contribution of tourism to key macroeconomic indicators under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic. By applying cross-country comparison and cluster analysis, it was concluded that CESEE countries are not homogeneous in this sense, as well as that countries in which the importance of tourism for the national economy is greater are more severely affected by the crisis.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF REPORTING ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ON THE PROFITABILITY OF EUROPEAN COMPANIES
Authors: Savić Aleksandar , Bonić Ljiljana
Published: February 2023

The research in this paper is focused on the analysis of the environmental performance indicators reporting impact in the context of sustainable development on the profitability of companies. The research focuses on 60 companies in the energy sector in Europe in the period 2012-2020. Reports on sustainable development of companies available in the database of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) were used for the collection of data. The independent variables in this study are nine indicators of the environmental performance of sustainable development. The dependent variable is the profitability of the company, which is measured by the rate of return on total assets (ROA). The method of multiple linear regression will be used to analyze the impact of reporting on environmental performance indicators of sustainable development on the profitability of energy companies in Europe. Empirical results of this research have shown that reporting on environmental performance indicators of sustainable development has a positive effect on company profitability indicators.
MODIFIED AUDIT OPINION AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN STATE-OWNED COMPANIES: EVIDENCE FROM SERBIA
Authors: Đorđević Milica , Spasić Dejan
Published: February 2023

The aim of the author of this paper is to examine the relationship between Earning Management (EM) and modified audit opinion among state-owned companies in the Republic of Serbia. The study sample consists of 64 state-owned companies whose financial statements were subject of audit by State Audit Institution in period 2018-2021. To detect EM, the financial statements of these companies for the four-year period 2018-2021 were used. The results of the study indicate that there is no positive relationship between EM and the auditor's modified opinion, i.e. that the difference in the distribution of the modified opinion in state-owned companies in which EM is identified and those in which EM is not identified is not statistically significant. These results initially point to the conclusion that auditors do not take EM into account when forming opinions, and do not send warning signals to users of financial statements. However, if one looks at the participation of the modified opinion on the financial statements of state-owned companies in which EM is identified, and especially the motive of EM, it can be said that the auditors of the State Audit Institution are adequately dedicated to this issue.
Centering Anti-Racism in Social Work Education: Integration of Critical Race Theory Across an MSW Curriculum
Authors: Aldana Adriana , Vazquez Nicole , Hosea Taylor
Published: February 2023

Ranging from a multicultural approach to models of cultural sensitivity and cultural competency, social work education has historically avoided challenging the power of racism in shaping inequity in the United States. We argue that integrating critical race theory (CRT) in social work education decenters whiteness, counters color-evasive racism in education, and centers anti-racist ideas and practices. CRT provides social work educators with a framework that explicitly addresses race and racism while challenging social work students to self-reflect critically on their own experiences with privilege and oppression. Further, it enables social work students and practitioners to analyze race and other systems of oppression structurally. This manuscript offers an overview of how CRT is integrated across an MSW curriculum to better prepare social work students to engage in anti-racist social work practice. We describe specific examples of how CRT is infused into the curriculum in theory and practice courses. We conclude with an acknowledgment that CRT is not without limitations and call for more empirical research that assesses the effectiveness of CRT’s application to social work praxis.
Analisis Pengaruh Penyaluran Zakat terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan dan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Provinsi Aceh Periode 2007-2017
Authors: Fitri Cut Dian , Maulana Hafiizh , Safitri Aina
Published: February 2023

Salah satu altermatif untuk mengatasi ketimpangan dan kemiskinan adalah dengan menghimpun dana zakat dan menyalurkan zakat tersebut tepat sasaran. Dengan adanya zakat, dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat lemah dan mengurangi kemiskinan sehingga terciptanya pembangunan yang merata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyaluran zakat terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan dan tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Aceh periode 2007-2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan teknik regresi linear sederhana. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Baitul Mal Provinsi Aceh dan Badan Pusat Statistik periode 2007-2017 yang mencakup data tahunan Provinsi Aceh. Hasil penelitian yang yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa penyaluran zakat berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Provinsi Aceh dengan nilai signifikasi 0,0014 yang lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikasi 5%. Penyaluran zakat berpengaruh negative dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Aceh dengan nilai signifikasi 0,0006 lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikasi 5%. Disimpulkan bahwa penyaluran zakat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan dan tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Aceh periode 2007-2017.
Analisis Praktik Utang Piutang Jual Beli Kopi Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (Studi Pada Desa Rikit Musara Kecamatan Permata Kabupaten Bener Meriah)
Authors: Rahmiati Rahmiati , Ilyas Fithriady , Desiana Rina
Published: February 2023

Utang piutang dalam jual beli kopi merupakan muamalah yang diperbolehkan dalam ajaran Islam yaitu sebagai tolong menolong. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik utang piutang dan apakah praktik yang dilakukan sudah sesuai dengan prinsip dasar ekonomi Islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar masyarakat belum mengetahui konsep utang piutang sesuai dengan prinsip dasar ekonomi Islam. Sebagian kecil masyarakat di desa Rikit Musara sudah melakukan dan mengetahui  praktik utang piutang sesuai dengan prinsip dasar ekonomi Islam. Yaitu tauhid (keesaan Tuhan), ta,awun (tolong menolong) dan kemaslahatan.
Should bankers pay more taxes? Analysing the UK’s bank payroll tax scheme using efficiency and equity lenses
Authors: Kim Jasper
Published: February 2023

This article takes a conceptual, tax policy analytical approach towards the 2009–2010 UK bank payroll tax (BPT) — often referred to as the ‘banker’s bonus tax’ — from the tax policy conceptual frameworks of efficiency and equity. The first conceptual tax policy factor relating to efficiency under optimal tax theory is analysed in terms of Pareto optimality (Mirrlees et al., 2011), which seeks minimal distortions and avoidance of deadweight costs (Auerbach, 2013; Stiglitz 1986). The conceptual tax policy factor relating to equity will be analysed in terms of fairness, with a policy focus geared toward formal incidence (Shavrio 2009). Equity-related tax policy concerns as it relates to the UK bank payroll tax also include both the benefits principle and ability-to-pay principle, whilst incorporating vertical and horizontal equity concerns. This article is composed of two main parts. The first part provides a conceptual tax and policy analysis from the perspective of efficiency. The second part provides a conceptual tax and policy analysis from the perspective of equity and fairness. Throughout each part, the analysis is augmented through the utilisation of various graphical visual examples.
Transmutation of central forces and Bertrand’s theorem
Authors: Carimalo Christian
Published: February 2023

The transmutation of central forces, or dual law, is a transformation linking potentials in power law relative to the distance, that is, those having a positive exponent to those having a negative exponent. A well known example is that of the Newtonian and Hookean potentials, which are also strongly linked by Bertrand?s famous theorem. This article shows how the use of dual law provides a better understanding of this theorem, and a new way to complete its demonstration
Motivation and learning strategies among university students in Serbia
Authors: Vujacic Milja , Mirkov Snezana , Stanisic Jelena
Published: February 2023

In this study, the understanding of self-regulated learning as one of the key competences in contemporary education was based on Pintrich?s model of self-regulated learning. The goal was to examine the links between different motivational orientations and learning strategies among university students in Serbia and explore the relations between these variables on the one hand and academic achievement, gender, field of study, and year of study on the other. A total of 520 students enrolled in art, science, and social science studies at universities in Belgrade, Novi Sad, Nis, and Kragujevac filled out the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). The obtained data were processed via a factor analysis, correlations, and non-parametric tests. We isolated six factors, including Self-Confidence and Orientation Towards Understanding, Elaboration and Metacognitive Self-Regulation Strategies, Critical Thinking and Orientation Towards Expanding Knowledge, Orientation Towards External Criteria Accompanied by Self- Discipline, Anxiety, and High Learning Motivation and Dedication to Achieving the Set Goals. The application of metacognitive self-regulation strategies could be linked to both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Students oriented towards external criteria exhibited higher levels of academic achievement. We identified gender differences in the application of elaboration and metacognitive self-regulation strategies in terms of learning motivation and anxiety levels. Art students were more prone to the use of the critical thinking strategy compared to science and social science students. In this paper, we highlight practical implications related to designing self-regulated learning courses for university teachers and students, along with recommendations for future research.
Vplyv prijatých opatrení vlády Slovenskej republiky na ekonomiku v súvislosti s pandémiou COVID-19
Authors: Škvarková Miroslava , Musa Hussam
Published: February 2023

The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has hit the daily functioning of businesses with a heavy hand. Due to the measures taken by the government, business entities were forced to limit, and some even to stop, their business activities. However, the Government of the Slovak Republic adopted various packages of measures to prevent economic collapse, which could be used by entities. This issue will be the subject of research in this article, where we will focus on the effectiveness of the measures taken through the gross domestic product. We will carry out our research using secondary data, namely a study published by the Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic. We believe that the results of this research will contribute to other crisis situations that the Slovak Republic will face in the near future, such as the energy crisis, which will also affect the functioning of business entities.
Principles of anti-corruption examination of normative legal acts
Authors: Hryshchuk A.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the principles of anti-corruption examination of normative legal acts and draft normative legal acts of public authorities in the context of current national legislation and the relevant requirements of the European Union. The topicality of the topic is due to the need to improve the legislation with the aim of comprehensive theoretical substantiation of increasing the effectiveness of the prevention of corruption offenses in the conditions of the transformation of the economy of Ukraine. The normative legal acts regulating the relations that arise during anti-corruption examination procedures in Ukraine are considered. The research uses general philosophical and special methods of researching legal phenomena. It indicated that anti-corruption examination relatively new compared to many other means of preventing corruption manifestations contained and regulated by the norms of current legislation. The principles of the legal institute of anti-corruption expertise have been studied, as the main prerequisites that serve as a basis for the introduction and gradual improvement of anti-corruption expertise of normative legal acts of state authorities and local self-government bodies. The content of: the principle of mandatory anti-corruption examination of normative legal acts and their projects is disclosed; the principle of systematic assessment of a normative legal act in relation to other normative legal acts; the principle of reasonableness and objectivity of anti-corruption examination results; the principle of competence of persons conducting anti-corruption expertise; the principle of interaction of public authorities and their officials with institutions of civil society during anti-corruption examination. It noted that it is advisable to divide independent anti-corruption expertise into public, which is conducted by independent experts, and scientific, which conducted by institutions of higher education. The importance of further research into the principles of anti-corruption expertise in order to qualitatively strengthen the role of the main principles of anti-corruption expertise as a means of minimizing corruption risks is emphasized.
As to the issue of financial market regulation: state regulation and its methods
Authors: Novikov N.
Published: February 2023

In the article, the author considered the critical aspects of state regulation of the financial market. Various interpretations of the category "state regulation of the financial market", which prevail among representatives of the scientific community, were singled out. The article highlights the factors that determine the need for state regulation of the financial market: it forms the basis for the implementation of a significant set of economic priorities for the country's development; ensuring the stability of the functioning of the financial system by mutual coordination and balancing the interests of all participants, etc. The author also identifies several shortcomings and problematic aspects of state supervision and control, state regulation in general. In particular, one of these problems was determined to be the ineffectiveness of the current ones, as well as the lack of comprehensive legislative acts regarding the methods of state regulation of the financial market. The article presents the main provisions of the legislative framework that regulates the process of providing financial services in Ukraine. The author also emphasised that in the process of state regulation of the financial market, the state can influence not only directly, that is, using direct methods, but also indirectly - using monetary, fiscal, and investment policy tools. The article emphasized that the bodies of state regulation of the financial market can be conditionally divided into two levels. In particular, it is the legislative level of power and the executive level of power. Having comprehensively analyzed the issue of state regulation of the financial market, it was emphasized that Ukraine lacks a single agreed policy on regulating each sector of the financial market. The article determined that the state regulation of the financial market must be considered through the prism of a set of certain methods, means and methods, with the help of which it is directly possible to carry out regulation and to some extent control all participants of the financial market in order to observe and ensure their interests.
Peculiarities of the application of legislation on the prevention of corruption in the conditions of martial law
Authors: Shylo S.
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on the negative impact that corruption has on the efficiency of the state, reducing its manageability and worsening the organization of public life even under martial law. Prevention of corruption must be carried out exclusively on a legal basis - in compliance with the principle of the rule of law and the recognition that in Ukraine human rights and freedoms and their guarantees determine the content and direction of the state’s activities. The author conducted an analysis of changes and additions to the current legislation of Ukraine regarding the prevention of corruption under martial law. It has been established that such novelties provided for by the projects on strengthening responsibility for corruption acts during martial law are fully justified and aimed at preventing the «sprinkling» of international aid during wartime, the task of a preventive strike, equating corruption with cooperation with the enemy. A scientific vision of the legislative approach to solving the problem of preventing corruption in Ukraine is formulated, taking into account the realistic goal of such activity and the war in the country.

Also, an analysis of the implementation of the institute of authorized units (authorized persons) for the prevention and detection of corruption, which are the primary link of the anti-corruption infrastructure and are called to help managers and other employees of state bodies, including during the period of martial law in Ukraine, was carried out. allow violations of the requirements of the Law.

The author comes to the conclusion that the effective fight against corruption in Ukraine under martial law continues, in addition to the presence of the appropriate political will, such activity requires appropriate legislative support (a set of legal prescriptions regulating mechanisms for preventing corruption, as well as responsibility for committing corruption violations) , formation of an effective system of state bodies, ensuring proper coordination of the formation and implementation of anti-corruption policy, preventive measures to prevent corruption, as well as its overcoming in the conditions of martial law. The construction of such an institutional system must comply with international standards (in particular, the conventions of the United Nations and the Council of Europe against corruption, as well as the recommendations of GRECO and the Istanbul action plan of the anti-corruption network of the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) and best global practice, as well as take into account the peculiarities Ukrainian legalsystem.
Rancangan program alternatif metrik pada Pusat Pengelolaan Pengetahuan Universitas Padjadjaran
Authors: Sinatria Ilyas Lanang , Rizal Edwin , Kusnandar Kusnandar
Published: February 2023

Padjadjaran University Knowledge Management Center has rebuilt its website by adding the GLAM Repository element. The website plans to install alternative metric tools: PlumX which is found in a subscription package repository called Digital Commons. This research aims to create a program design based on the four substances of information system management: technology, databases, procedures, and human resources. This study uses a qualitative approach with method action research. The data collection process is carried out using interviews, observation, literature studies, documentation, and focus group discussions. Data are gathered from librarians and staff through interviews and FGDs. Data analysis techniques conducted by researchers included: data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion. Results researched shows that in the field of technology and databases, the website was rebuilt through the addition of GLAM and repository elements. Knowledge Management Center unify databases between faculty libraries. Alternative metric procedures has been successfully submitted to Universitas Padjadjaran. The librarians need to learn about alternative metrics. The outputs of alternative metric implementation program designs are proposals, draft terms of reference, and Digital Common and Plumx learning materials. The conclusion of the research is that the design of alternative metric programs requires technological support, databases, updating of computer units, and staff training in managing alternative metrics.
Sobre Antonio García de León, Misericordia. El destino trágico de una collera de apaches en la Nueva España
Authors: Alcántara López Alvaro , Ibarra Antonio , García de León Antonio
Published: February 2023

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Transport and Means of Communication in Language Worldview of Vologda Peasant: Traditions and Innovations
Authors: Ilyina E. N.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the study of records of dialect speech, verbalizing the ideas of rural residents of the Vologda region about the system of transport and means of communication. The object of analysis is the lexical set of names of vehicles and means of communication, as well as the corpus of texts. Informants differentiate roads in detail from the point of view of the possibilities of their use in summer or winter, for walking, skiing, wheeled, sledge, caterpillar, sled, etc. transportation. Many traditional beliefs and customs of dialect speakers are associated with the road. Informants living near navigable rivers and large lakes perceive movement by water as one of the ordinary components of the transport system, while those living far from water bodies treat water transport with caution and prejudice, emphasizing the danger of the water element. The most vivid impressions of dialect speakers about movement in space are associated with air transport. The narrative of this event is clothed in the genre form of a “story-plate”, which occupies an intermediate position between everyday and folklore non-fairy-tale prose. However, such stories, as a rule, tell about the first or only air flight in the life of the informant.
Public Discussion around American Purchases for Needs of Russian Roads during First World War
Authors: Ivanov A. A. , Bogomazov N. I.
Published: February 2023

The problem of the dependence of Russian railway transport on foreign supplies during the First World War is considered. For the first time, this issue is revealed through the prism of a public discussion, which was conducted on the pages of the Russian periodical press on the issues of American procurement for railways. Particular attention is paid to criticism of the current situation in the field of railway transport, the danger of dependence of the Russian industry on foreign powers (both hostile, neutral and allied) and the need for import substitution. New sources are introduced into scientific circulation (materials of the periodical press, transcripts of meetings of the State Duma), which make it possible to get a more complete picture of both the problems that have developed in the field of railway transport and their perception in Russian society. It is noted that despite the positive attitude of the press to the establishment of commercial and industrial relations with America, many publicists and politicians noted that the replacement of German capital and industrial goods with American ones posed no less danger for Russia in the future, which could only be avoided through the development of national production.
Conflict in Linguistic Researches
Authors: Kinderknekht A. S.
Published: February 2023

An overview of domestic publications on conflictology in the field of linguistics is provided in the article. A quantitative analysis of linguistic works on the problem of conflict from 1990 to 2022 is carried out. The linguistic features of the study of conflict in dissertations, monographs, articles and textbooks are evaluated. Leading research methods: bibliometric analysis, publication method, classification method. The relevance of the study is related to the objective need to understand conflicts in different areas of scientific knowledge, as well as the need to study the contribution of the philological sciences to the development of modern conflictology. Monitoring of linguistic works on conflict shows that linguistics is beginning to take a strong place in the theory of conflictology. The analysis of bibliographic information allows us to characterize the main directions of the problem of conflict study in linguistics: contradictions in language and speech, conflict of language norms, conceptual essence of the conflict phenomenon, verbalization of the concept CONFLICT, objectification of reality conflicts in texts, language markers of conflict potential, destructive practices of conflict, ways of communication optimization, legal dimension of linguistic conflict, linguistic ways of conflict prevention. The author’s diversification of linguistic works by types of conflict is presented in the article.
Sociocultural Infrastructure of Tatar Rural Settlements of Tobolsk Province at Beginning of 20th Century
Authors: Tychinskikh Z. A. , Fedotova D. Yu.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the socio-cultural image of the Tatar rural settlements of the Tobolsk province population at the beginning of the 20th century. The dynamics of the population and the number of settlements for the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries are traced (according to the lists of settlements in the Tobolsk province). The authors focus on the consideration of the socio-cultural infrastructure of the Tatar rural settlements. It is understood as a set of objects of the non-productive sphere (religious, educational institutions, healthcare facilities and communications). They reveal regional and ethnic features of the integration of the Tatar population into the all-Russian system in the period under review. The country has undergone reforms aimed at unifying the management system and actively integrating the national outskirts into national processes. There was an acceleration of migration processes. It caused a violation of the former isolation of the rural Tatar-Muslim communities. Settlers arriving in the region contributed to the active development of commodity-money relations. The educational and cultural needs of the Tatar population grew. All-Russian processes have caused the need to adapt to new realities, in connection with which there is a modernization within the confessional education system.
Differences in Corporate Law of Russia and Arab States: Influence on Translation Activity
Authors: Sdobnikov V. V. , Pronina E. A.
Published: February 2023

The authors of the paper proceed from the assumption that translation from Arabic into Russian and vice versa will be instrumental in strengthening economic ties of Russia with the Middle East countries and expanding foreign trade of companies in the near future. They substantiate the idea that success of foreign trade activities largely depends on the extent to which differences in the corporate law of Russia and Arab states are taken into consideration. The paper offers a review of differences in the corporate law that affect translation activity and highlights their main reasons related, first and foremost, to different conditions in which legal systems of Russia and the Middle East countries were formed. Using specific examples, the authors consider the main translation problems predetermined by differences in the corporate law of various states as well as in the terminological systems of the corporate law, and offer various means of solving the problems. It is concluded that the main principle of solving problems faced in translation is to transfer the meaning implied by the source text sender.
Morphological characteristics of flower organs and in vitro micropropagation of male sterile lines of Lilium hybrids
Authors: Cao Lei , Han Songming , Zhang Jinzhu , Yang Tao , Che Daidi , Fan Jinping
Published: February 2023

Lily pollen causes many problems affecting humans’ quality of life and health, such as clothing contamination and skin or nasal allergies. The manual removal of anthers is time-consuming and labour-intensive, and thus, not conducive to commercial production. It is of great importance to produce pollen-free lily varieties with beautiful shapes. In this study, we studied the morphological characteristics of flower organs and polyploids of six pollen-free filial generations of four lily species and their micropropagations. Lily ‘5-21’ is male sterile and produces uncrackable anthers with inactive pollens under natural conditions. Lily ‘3-12’ is unable to produce anthers, because the petals become stamens, thereby leading to infertility. Lilies ‘3-1’, ‘5-4’, ‘5-35’ and ‘0-0.2’ are unable to produce anthers, because they lack floral organs. Polyploids of six hybrid lilies were identified by flow cytometry and chromosome counting, and the results showed that lily ‘5-4’ was triploid and the rest were diploid. Morphological observation indicated that flowering periods were from early July to early August and lasted for about 11 days. Six male sterile lilies had low seed setting rates when they were used as female parents. Most of the seeds were flaky with developed embryos. Therefore, asexual reproduction is optimal for these six male sterile lilies. The male sterility of six lilies was associated with their parents’ pollen activity. Scales of ‘5-4’ and ‘5-35’ were used as explants for in vitro micropropagation. The findings of the present study lay a foundation for breeding of pollen-free lilies.
The Physical Processes of the Errors Accumulation in Measurement Systems
Authors: Ramane R. , Trifinovs-Bogdanovs P. , Zhiravetska A.
Published: February 2023

Nowadays autonomous measurement systems are applied for the determination of the cinematic parameters of object motion. The principle of operation of such systems is based on the measurement of the object motion acceleration with the further integration of the accelerometer’s signal. These measurement systems are called inertial systems. Platform-less inertial systems are widely used for these purposes. Their specific property is an installation of the primary information sensors directly on the constructive elements of the object case. The inertial measurement systems have also a negative feature to accumulate constantly the errors of the system.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DESA DI KECAMATAN SIBERUT SELATAN MELALUI PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN IKAN DENGAN TEKNIK FERMENTASI IKAN BUDU
Authors: Nurmiati Nurmiati , Periadnadi Periadnadi , Ramadani Silmi Yusri
Published: February 2023

Kegiatan pelatihan pengolahan sekaligus pengawetan melalui teknik fermentasi ikan budu berbahan dasar ikan berukuran sedang-besar menjadi produk bernilai jual tinggi telah dilakukan kegiatan di daerah Pasie Desa Mailelepet Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai. Sebagian besar kelompok usia produktif di daerah ini merupakan perempuan yang tidak bekerja dengan menggantungkan kehidupan dari penghasilan kepala keluarga. Kegiatan ini juga melibatkan kelompok wanita nelayan, kelompok karang taruna dan ibu ibu PKK`yang juga merupakan kelompok yang kurang produktif. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membina dan memberdayakan kelompok masyarakat terutama perempuan dalam pengolahan ikan fermentasi yang dapat dijadikan peluang usaha sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dalam rumah tangga. Metode kegiatan adalah penyuluhan tentang pengolahan ikan ukuran sedang-besar secara fermentasi Budu yang belum dikenal di daerah kepulauan ini. Indikator capaian program yang dituju adalah masyarakat sasaran mengenal proses pengolahan fermentasi Budu untuk menghasilkan produk nilai jual yang tinggi. Disamping alternatif penyelamatan ikan berukuran sedang-besar pasca penangkapan melalui fermentasi yang sekaligus mengawetkan. Kegiatan ini dapat dijadikan sebagai upaya pemberdayaan yang berkelanjutan melalui peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat terutama masyarakat nelayan, swadaya dan swadaya masyarakat sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan perempuan hingga menciptakan perempuan yang mandiri secara ekonomi di desa Mailelepet Kecamatan Siberut Selatan Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai.
PEMBUATAN OBAT TRADISIONAL BERBAHAN PEGAGAN EMBUN BAGI MASYARAKAT DI KENAGARIAN VII KOTO TALAGO KECAMATAN GUGUK KABUPATEN 50 KOTA
Authors: Aldi Yufri , Salman Salman , Badriyah Elsa , Alianta Aditya Alqamal , Husni Elidahanum
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah agar masyarakat dapat mengolah tumbuhan secara terukur dan tepat, frekuensi pemakaian sesuai dengan berat ringannya penyakit serta lama waktu pemberian obat. Metode kegiatan berupa pelatihan dan penyuluhan. Materi penyuluhan yang diberikan pada hari pertama adalah sistem kekebalan tubuh dan manfaat serta hasil penelitian dari pegagan embun yang telah dipublikasi di jurnal Internasional bereputasi. Pelatihan yang diberikan adalah cara pemanenan dan pembuatan serbuk pegagan embun berdasarkan Cara Pembuatan Obat Tradisional Yang Baik. Sedangkan pada periode kedua berupa ceramah dengan topik penggunaan obat tradisional dan pelatihan berupa pembuatan serbuk dan cara pengisian kapsul menggunakan papan kapsul dengan serbuk pegagan embun. Setelah dilakukan pelatihan dan penyuluhan pada tahap kedua dilakukan lagi pengisian kuisioner yang materinya sama dengan kuisioner yang diberikan pada periode pertama. Kegiatan in dilakukan di Kenagarian VII Koto Talago, Kecamatan Guguk, 50 Kota. Peserta adalah ibu kader PKK dan ibu Bundo Kandung yang ada di Kenagarian VII Koto Talago. Pada periode pertama dihadiri oleh 125 orang peserta dan pada periode kedua sebanyak 55 orang. Sebelum dilakukan penyuluhan peserta diharuskan mengisi kuisioner yang berisi pengetahuan peserta tentang sistem imunitas dan cara penggunaan obat tradisional. Dari pelatihan dan penyuluhan yang telah diberikan terhadap peserta, dari hasil kuisioner dapat disimpulkan bahwa mereka telah memahami, sistem imunitas tubuh yang melindungi tubuh dari infeksi mikroorganisme. Mereka juga sudah bisa membuat serbuk dan memasukkan ke dalam kapsul sehingga menjadi sediaan kapsul pegagan embun yang siap digunakan.
INTRODUKSI TEKNOLOGI PAKAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI DAN KUALITAS SUSU KERBAU MURRAH DI NAGARI KAPAU KECAMATAN TILATANG KAMANG KABUPATEN AGAM
Authors: Roza Elly , Aritonang Salam N. , Yellita Yulia , Rizqan Rizqan , Elihasridas Elihasridas , Rakhmadi Ade
Published: February 2023

The Murrah buffalo is a breed of dairy-type river buffalo that has better milk production than the Mud buffalo. In West Sumatra, buffaloes are generally kept traditionally and the feed provided is low-quality field grass without providing concentrate so that productivity has not shown good results. This increase in productivity can be done through improving maintenance management and improving the quality of the feed given to buffaloes. Community service is an activity that aims to provide knowledge in technological innovation to breeders in the form of providing probiotics and the use of local forage feeds, especially cassava leaves as supplementary feed for buffaloes to increase production and quality of buffalo milk in order to increase farmers' income, while the specific target is expected to foster community self-reliance. in an effort to use local forage as animal feed. The method applied is counseling, training/pilots and discussion are the best ways to transfer knowledge and technology to farmers, while guidance and coaching can be done periodically through coordination with the head of the Kelok Rambai Cattle Farmer's group, Nagari Kapau, Tilatang Kamang District, Agam Regency. is the only livestock group in Kab. Agam who raises Murrah buffalo as a producer of curd. The results obtained were an increase in milk production 3.25 vs 4.75 l/day and milk quality: fat 5.47 vs 6.26%, Protein 4.35 vs 5.60%, SNF 10.76 vs 11.85% and water content 82.20 vs 81.75%. The conclusion of this activity is that the provision of probiotics and cassava leaf pellet supplement feed can increase the production and quality of Murrah buffalo milk and increase the income of farmers.
TEKNOLOGI PEMBUATAN SILASE RUMPUT GAJAH DI JORONG JAMBAK NAGARI LINGKUANG AUA KECAMATAN PASAMAN KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT
Authors: Syaiful Ferry Lismanto , Saputri Nadia
Published: February 2023

Pakan hijauan merupakan pakan pokok bagi ternak ruminansia. Peternak di Jorong Jambak Nagari Lingkuang Aua, Pasaman Barat hanya mengandalkan hijauan yang tumbuh di sekitar perkebunan saja, hal ini tentu tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan gizi ternaknya. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi peternak di daerah ini adalah ketersediaan pakan hijauan yang belum memenuhi kebutuhan dari ternaknya. Untuk mengatasi permalahan tersebut perlu dilakukan pengolahan hijauan pakan dengan teknologi silase. Silase adalah teknik pengawetan pakan anaerob menggunakan silo. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan edukasi dan transfer teknologi kepada masyarakat mengenai teknologi pembuatan silase rumput gajah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ternak ruminansia di Jorong Jambak Nagari Lingkuang Aua Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Jorong Jambak Nagari Lingkuang Aua Kecamatan Pasaman Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi/ penyuluhan, dan pelatihan pembuatan silase rumput gajah serta evaluasi. Sasaran kegiatan adalah peternak dan masyarakat di Jorong Jambak Nagari Lingkuang Aua, Pasaman Barat. Pada kegiatan melibatkan dosen dan mahasiswa Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Andalas. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan terlihat peternak antusias mengikuti pelaksanaan kegiatan ini. Bahkan kegiatan ini dapat meningkatnya pemahaman, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan peternak bahkan peternak telah mampu mengaplikasikan pembuatan silase dari rumput gajah yang dapat menunjang produktivitas ternak ruminansia. Pengawetan pakan hijauan/ silase rumput gajah ini dapat mengatasi terjadinya kekurangan pakan hijauan dan menjamin ketersedian pakan ternak ruminansia dimusim kemarau.