bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRITICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF AN INCLUSIVE MODEL OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Peresada Olena , Batih Vladyslav , Petrenko Dmytro
Published: August 2024

In modern conditions characterized by technical-technological, social-political, and informational changes, economic processes are intensified. Today, modern enterprises are increasingly faced with the problems of more active integration into global economic processes. In the socio-economic realities of modern society, there is a need to establish a balance between the state, society, and business. In this context, a socially oriented approach based on an inclusive economy can be a crucial driving force. Inclusive development differs from other types of development in that it aims to create harmony in the development of business, society, and the state. This condition can be explained through the work of the body's organs - each of them functions, does not interfere but strengthens the work of others, and all of them ensure a person's well-being. Therefore, the functioning and development of entrepreneurial activity and its management in forming an inclusive economy is an urgent issue today. It is important to emphasize that several approaches to managing the development of enterprises and ways of their improvement have been researched. However, the universal approach that would provide the opportunity to solve problematic aspects at enterprises in the conditions of the modern formation and development of an inclusive model of the economy, which encourages further research, still needs to be defined. It was emphasized that without sustainable development, it is impossible to ensure the growth of well-being now and conditions of well-being for future generations. Inclusiveness makes it possible to ensure a fulfilling life for all citizens. Therefore, growth stimulation is necessary. It is noted that the development of entrepreneurship and inclusive business is of great importance for the domestic economy, especially in the context of economic growth and social inclusion issues. Management tools for the formation of an inclusive model of business development are a systematic and synergistic approach in planning, organization, motivation, and control of economic processes. In challenging economic conditions, the business will invest funds only in measures that ensure the development of its competitiveness.
Cubixel: A Novel Paradigm in Image Processing Using Three-Dimensional Pixel Representation
Authors: Aburass Sanad
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces the innovative concept of the Cubixel—a three-dimensional representation of the traditional pixel—alongside the derived metric, Volume of the Void (VoV), which measures spatial disparities within images. By converting pixels into Cubixels, we can analyze the image's 3D properties, thereby enriching image processing and computer vision tasks. Utilizing Cubixels, we've developed algorithms for advanced image segmentation, edge detection, texture analysis, and feature extraction, yielding a deeper comprehension of image content. Our empirical experimental results on benchmark images and datasets showcase the applicability of these concepts. Further, we discuss future applications of Cubixels and VoV in various domains, particularly in medical imaging, where they have the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic processes. By interpreting images as complex 'urban landscapes', we envision a new frontier for deep learning models that simulate and learn from diverse environmental conditions. The integration of Cubixels into deep learning architectures promises to revolutionize the field, providing a pathway towards more intelligent, context-aware artificial intelligence systems. With this groundbreaking work, we aim to inspire future research that will unlock the full potential of image data, transforming both theoretical understanding and practical applications. Our code is available at https://github.com/sanadv/Cubixel.
Shading and selection effect-mediated species mixing enhance the growth of native trees in dry tropical forests
Authors: Awraris Abebe Damtew , Birhane Emiru , Messier Christian , Paquette Alain , Muys Bart
Published: August 2024

Tropical dry forests remain vital to rural communities, but they often suffer from degradation and require restoration. In many cases, restoration involves planting monospecific plantations of robust exotic species; however, detailed ecological studies are required to understand how native species mixtures can become successful for restoration purposes. To address this knowledge gap, a tree diversity experiment (IDENT-Ethiopia) was conducted to examine the impact of species diversity and shading on the growth of nine native tree species in tropical dry forests. The experiment followed a block design with 270 plots, which included a gradient in native tree species richness (one-, two-, and four-species mixtures), as well as a functional diversity gradient with low, medium, and high levels. A shading treatment (shaded and unshaded) was also replicated in triplicate. The stem volume growth of seedlings was assessed one and two years after planting. The results revealed that seedling growth was significantly boosted by increased species richness and shading: stem volume growth increased by 10.1% in shaded environments and 15.4% in mixed plots. The study also demonstrated a positive diversity productivity relationship in 57% of all mixtures. Variance partitioning showed that this overyielding was a result of competitive dominance. In the shaded environment, these productive dominant species were Cordia Africana, followed by Dodonaea angustifolia and Dovyalis abyssinica, Overall, the findings suggest that shading and species mixing are crucial factors for promoting seedling growth of native dryland species and ensuring the successful restoration of drylands.
Radiographic assessment of CBCT-guided autotransplantation of a premolar to the maxillary incisor region: A 2‐year prospective split‐mouth study
Authors: Alzoubi Tamara , EzEldeen Mostafa , Wyatt Jan , Cadenas Maria , Gorp Gertrude Van , Vasconcelos Karla Faria , Jacobs Reinhilde
Published: August 2024

Background: To investigate the 2-year radiographic outcome of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided tooth autotransplantation (TAT) of a premolar to the maxillary incisor region in children.
Methods: Eighteen paediatric patients with a missing maxillary incisor were recruited for CBCT-guided premolar transplantation to the maxillary central incisor region (TAT group), neighbouring a healthy contralateral central incisor (control group). Radiological parameters, assessed at 2-year follow-up, included periodontal ligament space (PLS), the outline of lamina dura, the vertical distance between the cementoenamel junction and crestal bone (CEJ-CB), pulp obliteration, radiographic root area (RRA) and length (RRL) and crown-root ratio (CRR).
Results: Positive root growth in 89% of the TAT cases, with an average increase in RRA by 27% compared to the control. Pulp obliteration was observed in 83% of the TAT cases (partial: 55.6%; complete: 27.8%). The average crown-to-root ratio was 0.72 and 1.01 for the control and TAT group, respectively. No significant differences existed between TAT and control concerning PLS (p=0.09), lamina dura (p=0.12), and CEJ-CB distance mesially (p=0.17) or distally (p=0.28).
Conclusions: CBCT-guided TAT might act as a viable treatment option for rehabilitating missing maxillary (centrally) incisor teeth in paediatric patients when osseointegration may not be the preferred option. (Clinical trial center and ethical board University Hospitals, KU Leuven: S55287; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02464202)
Climate adaptation information needs of limited resource farmers in California.
Authors: Taku-Forchu Namah , Koundinya Vikram , Parker Lauren E. , Ikendi Samuel , Pinzón Natalia J. , Thaoxaochay Lilian , Roche Leslie M. , Ostoja Steven , Vong Moua , Dahlquist-Willard Ruth M. , Cooper Mark H. , Pathak Tapan B.
Published: August 2024

California’s agricultural production is facing ever-growing challenges due to climate change. We conducted a needs assessment of farmers in California in 2023, to better understand their climate change challenges, experiences, and resource and information needs. This study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design with a questionnaire created and distributed using Qualtrics. Out of the 341 usable survey responses post-data cleaning, 75 selected were limited-resource farmers, socially disadvantaged farmers, and first generation farmers. Two focus groups were conducted in the Central Valley of California involving 19 smallholder Hmong farmers to ascertain the climate-related impacts experienced by these farmers, delve into the strategies to tackle climate change risks, and identify climate change information and resources needed to mitigate challenges. The survey and focus group show similar findings, indicating that farmers are very concerned about several issues, including increased uncertainty in irrigation water availability, increased crop damage due to extreme heat, and worsening drought severity on their farms. Survey and focus group results also revealed farmers are changing their irrigation practices to mitigate climate-related risks, particularly extreme heat and severe drought on their farms. Focus group discussions emphasized adaptations like using shading and adjusting planting seasons to protect crops, while survey results highlighted the adaptation strategies aimed at soil health improvement, including building organic matter, mulching, and adopting reduced or no-till approaches. While already implementing climate adaptation strategies to mitigate risks, these farmers also expressed needs for more education on specific adaptation practices, including weather prediction tools, methods to enhance soil health, and efficient irrigation practices. Additionally, they sought guidance about applying for government funding opportunities, access to insurance, and climate adaptive strategies. Finally, Hmong farmers broadly indicated they preferred in-person workshops featuring climate-related information presented through videos and hands-on activities, which could effectively enhance their ability to adapt to climate change challenges.
Functions of CiHY5 in regulating the salt tolerance of Chrysanthemum revealed by transgenic Chrysanthemum indicum
Authors: Xia Bin , Li Ziwei , Liu Xiaowei , Yang Yujia , Chen Shengyan , Chen Bin , Li Hongyao , Han Jinxiu , Zhou Yunwei , He Miao
Published: August 2024

Background
Cultivated chrysanthemums are susceptible to abiotic stress, and the intricate polyploidy complicates the discovery of resistance genes. Chrysanthemum indicum is a native diploid species with strong resistance, which makes it an important resource for investigating stress resistance genes and improving genetic traits in ornamental chrysanthemum plants.
Results
In this study, we cloned the CiHY5 gene and generated both overexpressing CiHY5 (OE-CiHY5) and suppressing CiHY5 (RNAi-CiHY5) transgenic chrysanthemum lines. After salt stress treatment, compared with the WT plants, the OE-CiHY5 plants exhibited a lower Malondialdehyde content and less leaf electrolyte leakage and significantly greater antioxidant enzyme activity. In contrast, the physiological parameters of the RNAi-CiHY5 plants exhibited opposite trends. Moreover, the Na+/K+ ratio in both the leaves and roots of the OE-CiHY5 plants significantly decreased in contrast with that in the leaves and roots of the WT and RNAi-CiHY5 plants. The qRT‒PCR results showed that the expression levels of downstream stress response genes, such as CiRAB18, CiERF1, CiABF2, CiABF4, and CiDREB1D, were significantly greater in the OE-CiHY5 plants than in the WT plants. Additionally, a yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that CiHY5 could directly bind to the promoter of CiABF4 and activate CiABF4 expression. Transient overexpression of CiABF4 in C. indicum leaf discs also improved salt stress tolerance.
Conclusions
Overall, we concluded that overexpressing CiHY5 enhanced but RNAi-CiHY5 reduced salt tolerance in C. indicum, acting as a pivotal candidate stress resistance gene that participates in the salt stress response at least partially in an ABA-dependent manner. The above findings demonstrated the molecular mechanisms underlying the CiHY5-mediated salt stress response and laid the foundation for the molecular breeding of chrysanthemum plants to improve resistance.
Integrated pest management practices and pesticide residue in okra among farmers in Kwara State
Authors: Imoloame Emmanuel Oyamedan , Yusuf Olayinka Jelili , Abdulrauf Lukman Bola , Aliyu Taiye Hussein
Published: August 2024

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable approach to minimize the negative impacts of pests on crops while reducing the reliance on synthetic pesticides. This study was conducted in Kwara State Nigeria in 2023, to investigate the implementation of IPM practices and the occurrence of pesticide residues in okra among the farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. A sample of 245 okra farmers were selected across 4 agricultural zones of Kwara State using a multistage sampling technique. An interview schedule was used to collect information from the farmers. Also, okra samples were collected from the farmers from each community of the Local Government Areas sampled. Data collected from the farmers were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The Okra samples collected were taken to the laboratory for pesticide residue extraction using quick, easy, cheap effective rugged and safe (QuEChERS) technique and analysis was done using Gas Chromatography (GS)-Gas Mass spectrometer (MS). Results showed that most okra producers in Kwara State were smallholder farmers who, although practicing IPM, have limited knowledge of the technology. Some pesticide residues were detected in okra, two of which were present in quantities above the maximum residue limit, while others had quantities below the maximum residue limit. Therefore, This study recommends that the government improve extension services in the State by providing adequate funds and training extension agents who will provide comprehensive training to farmers on the types and application of IPM as an eco-friendly technology for preventing pesticide residue in okra.
Prognostic value of response to first-line hydroxyurea according to IPSET stratification in essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Alvarez-Larran Alberto , Santaliestra Marta , Garrote Marta , Noya María Soledad , Pérez-Encinas Manuel , Senín Alicia , Pérez-López Raúl , Ferrer-Marin Francisca , Carreño-Tarragona Gonzalo , Caballero-Navarro Gonzalo , Magro Elena , Velez Patricia , Cortés-Vazquez Miguel Ángel , Moretó Ana , figueras Anna Angona , Pastor-Galán Irene , Guerra José María , Garcia-Hernandez Carmen , Mata María Isabel , Stuckey Ruth , Casares Maria Teresa Gómez , Fox Laura , Cuevas Beatriz , García-Gutiérrez Valentín , Triguero Ana , Arellano-Rodrigo Eduardo , Hernandez-Boluda Juan Carlos
Published: August 2024

Hydroxyurea (HU) constitutes the first-line treatment in most patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), but criteria for changing therapy are not clearly established. The prognostic value of complete hematological response (CHR) and resistance/intolerance to HU was assessed in 1080 patients from the Spanish Registry of ET, classified according to revised IPSET-Thrombosis stratification (Very low- n = 61, Low- n = 83, Intermediate- n = 261, and High-risk n = 675). With a median therapy duration of 5 years, CHR was registered in 720 (67%) patients (1-year probability 51%) and resistance/intolerance in 219 (20%) patients (5-years probability 13%). After correction by other risk factors, High-risk patients achieving CHR showed a reduced risk of arterial thrombosis (HR: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.2–0.6, p = 0.001) and a trend towards lower risk of venous thrombosis (HR: 0.45, 95%CI: 0.2–1.02, p = 0.06) whereas no association was observed for intermediate- or low-risk patients. In comparison with non-responders, intermediate- and high-risk patients achieving CHR had longer survival and lower myelofibrosis incidence. Development of resistance/intolerance to HU was associated with a higher probability of myelofibrosis but no effect on survival or thrombotic risk was demonstrated. In conclusion, CHR with HU is associated with better outcomes and can be an early indicator for selecting candidates to second line therapy.
rAAV-ENO1mAb-5 inhibits cell proliferation and migration by suppressing glycolysis in cervical cancer
Authors: Yang xiaojuan , Gou yuanfeng , Li Zhenhao , Shuai Ruzhen , Li Fei , Huo Xiaqin , Li Na , Pei Yaping , Han Xue , Ran peng ning , Liu huiling
Published: August 2024

α-enolase (ENO1), as a plasminogen receptor and a key enzyme of glycolysis, is highly expressed in cervical cancer, Inhibition of ENO1 activity can further inhibit the migration and invasion of tumor cells by inhibiting glycolsis, and inhibiting tumor growth.In this study, adeno-associated virus (rAAV-ENO1mAb-5) with the variable region gene of recombinant ENO1 monoclonal antibody was prepared to mediate the targeted entry of the variable region gene of recombinant ENO1 monoclonal antibody into the cytoplasm to observe its growth inhibition effect on cervical cancer cells. The results showed that the variable region gene of rAAV-ENO1mAb-5, which was highly effective and targeted to load ENO1, entered the cytoplasm and inhibited the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells by antagonizing ENO1 enzyme activity, significantly reducing lactate and pyruvate content (P < 0.01). In conclusion, rAAV-ENO1mAb-5 can specifically block ENO1 expression on cell membrane and inhibit ENO1 glycolysis activity in tumor cells, which has therapeutic effect on cervical cancer cells.
Optimizing reality-capture for construction monitoring: a study on employing semi-autonomous robots for frequent as-design and as-built comparisons on construction sites.
Authors: Elashry Khaled , Rod Anders , Eltarabishy Sherif , Tsigkari Martha , Davis Adam
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the application of semi-autonomous robots in automating Construction Progress Monitoring (CPM) and further in the operational phase of the building lifecycle, specifically aimed at enhancing the comparison of as-designed and as-built data in the construction industry. The study illustrates the robot's significant role in the automation of the process of the accusation and alignment of point cloud data, thereby promising considerable time and effort savings over traditional methods. It showcases studies in 3 different locations representing construction, retrofitting and occupied spaces and discusses gains and challenges faced. These advancements help in the creation of more accurate digital twins for both construction and operation.
Assessment of Awareness and Level of Preparedness for Humanitarian Disasters in Nigeria
Authors: Amoo Olufemi Samuel , Awoderu Oluwatoyin Bamidele , Bamidele Moses , Afocha Ebelechukwu Eugenia , Adedeji Abimbola Modepe , Ajayi Morakinyo Bamikole , Bamidele Tajudeen Akanji , Oparaugo Chinedum Taahie , Fesobi Toun Wuraola , Fowora Muinah Adenike , David Nkiru , Mebaghandun Amonetsone Victoria , Umoh Edikan Usiwoma , Musa Adesola Zaidat , Kehinde Akinsinde , Ajayi Abraham , Smith Stella Ifeanyi
Published: August 2024

Background
Disaster preparedness is critical for households, businesses, and communities. Over the years, Nigerians have had to rely on sheer luck and providence to save themselves from disasters with little or no help coming from rescue agencies which on many occasions have been found to lack capacity and wherewithal to intervene in such difficult moments. This research was focused on determining the level of awareness, preparedness and response to humanitarian disasters concerning flood in Nigeria. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which relevant data was collected from community dwellers (household heads) selected by a multistage sampling technique and data analysed using SPSS v23.
Results
The mean age of respondents was 39 years with an average family size of seven. Flooding, fire incidence and rioting were the highest recorded disasters known and experienced by the participants and the humanitarian disasters experienced in the four states are statistically significant (p < 0.05). The participant’s awareness of humanitarian disasters emerged from diverse sources with the highest being personal experience (25.5%), television (21.3%) radio jingles (17.9%) and the least information obtained through telephone calls (0.2%). Flooding was the most encountered and significant humanitarian disaster among all participants. Blocked drainages as a cause of the flood were reported amongst 24.9% of respondents while 21.4%, 18.6% and 8.9% attributed the cause of the flood to heavy rainfall, the opening of dams and the lack of drainages, respectively. The effects of flooding on the participants ranged from loss of lives and properties to an adverse impact on income. Also, the study explored how participants would prevent floods. 33.5% responses indicated clearing drainages, 19.3% stated public enlightenment, 13.5% suggested non-dumping of refuse in the drainage and 6.8% affirmed that floods could be prevented if structures are not built on drainage channels. Lastly, concerning what they had to do in case of flooding; 33.2% suggested climbing to a higher area and shouting for help, 25.7% recommended calling emergency numbers, 9.4% proposed swimming across the flood and 7.8% responded with staying in the flood and holding on tightly to something.
Conclusion
To systematically reduce the increased impact of disaster especially flooding among community dwellers, there is need for increased awareness, re-orientation and continued education in response to humanitarian disaster.
Impact of Seasonal Climate and Atmospheric Dynamics on Volcanic Plume Dynamics: A Case Study of Eruptions in the North Polar Region
Authors: Paguem Igor Collins Djouda , Nyam Françoise Martine Enyegue A , Nbendjo Blaise Nana
Published: August 2024

The dynamics of volcanic eruptive columns are significantly influenced by parameters that characterize atmospheric state. While previous studies have predominantly focused on this aspect, this research examines how seasonal variations and insolation that characterize atmosphere dynamics impact dynamics of volcanic eruptive columns. A data analysis method was used. The study analyzed the diurnal cycle of eruptions and investigated the effects of seasonal variability on phreatomagmatic eruptions from the polar atmosphere. The findings provide insights into crucial parameters for modeling plume dynamics. Specifically, the study reveals that (i) atmosphere stability affects plume dynamics, exhibiting greater resistance to plume ascent in winter and reduced resistance in summer, (ii) increased sunny hours enhance plume ascent, and (iii) wind speed has a more pronounced effect on plume dynamics in summer and autumn, diminishing in winter and spring. These results highlight the necessity of incorporating seasonal climate variations into plume dynamics models and underscore the importance of considering eruption timing in relation to atmospheric conditions. A regional dependency of the eruptive column dynamics is noticed and constitute an important result.
Antimicrobial resistance transmission in the environmental settings through Traditional and UV-Enabled Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plants: A metagenomic insight
Authors: Talat Absar , Bashir Yasir , Khalil Nadeem , Brown Connor L , Gupta Dinesh , Khan Asad Ullah
Published: August 2024

Background
Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are pivotal reservoirs for antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Selective pressures from antibiotic residues, co-selection by heavy metals, and conducive environments sustain ARGs, fostering the emergence of ARB. While advancements in WWTP technology have enhanced the removal of inorganic and organic pollutants, assessing ARG and ARB content in treated water remains a gap. This metagenomic study meticulously examines the filtration efficiency of two distinct WWTPs-conventional (WWTPC) and advanced (WWTPA), operating on the same influent characteristics and located at Aligarh, India.
Results
The dominance of Proteobacteria or Pseudomonadota, characterized the samples from both WWTPs and carried most ARGs. Acinetobacter johnsonii, a prevailing species, exhibited a diminishing trend with wastewater treatment, yet its persistence and association with antibiotic resistance underscore its adaptive resilience. The total ARG count was reduced in effluents, from 58 ARGs, representing 14 distinct classes of antibiotics in the influent to 46 and 21 in the effluents of WWTPC and WWTPA respectively. However, an overall surge in abundance, particularly influenced by genes such as qacL, blaOXA−900, and rsmA was observed. Numerous clinically significant ARGs, including those against aminoglycosides (AAC(6')-Ib9, APH(3'')-Ib, APH(6)-Id), macrolides (EreD, mphE, mphF, mphG, mphN, msrE), lincosamide (lnuG), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), and beta-lactamases (blaNDM−1), persisted across both conventional and advanced treatment processes. The prevalence of mobile genetic elements and virulence factors in the effluents possess a high risk for ARG dissemination.
Conclusions
Advanced technologies are essential for effective ARG and ARB removal. A multidisciplinary approach focused on investigating the intricate association between ARGs, microbiome dynamics, MGEs, and VFs is required to identify robust indicators for filtration efficacy, contributing to optimized WWTP operations and combating ARG proliferation across sectors.
A Novel Discovery of CXCL5 in Prognosis Prediction and Targeted Therapy of Glioblastomas
Authors: Li Hui , Lu Han , Xi Jianxin , Du Zhishan , Wu Bo , Ren Jiaxin , Yang Wenzhuo , Zhong Sheng
Published: August 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) patients face a grim prognosis, with many treatments failing to achieve significant improvements. Recent research has focused on the immunosuppressive environment within GBM tumors. One particular protein, C-X-C chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), is highly expressed in various cancers and is known to affect the immune environment, tumor invasion, metastasis, and overall prognosis. In our study, we investigated the role of CXCL5 in the immunosuppressive environment of GBM. We aimed to develop a CXCL5-associated immune prognostic signature (IPS) to predict patient outcomes and identify potential treatments targeting the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis. Initially, we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) on 80 high-grade glioma samples to measure CXCL5 levels. We also analyzed RNA-seq data from 169 GBM samples obtained from the TCGA dataset, dividing them into high (CXCL5_H) and low (CXCL5_L) CXCL5 expression groups. Our analysis revealed that the CXCL5_H group had higher expression of immune-related genes but a poorer prognosis compared to the CXCL5_L group. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis, we constructed a CXCL5-associated IPS, which we confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for GBM through univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. We developed a nomogram based on the three-gene IPS to predict overall survival in GBM patients. Moreover, our study identified the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis as a promising target for GBM treatment. We employed computational techniques to screen for potential inhibitors of this axis and validated their effectiveness in vitro. In conclusion, our study provides a new prognostic model and suggests targeted therapeutic options for GBM by elucidating the role of CXCL5 in the tumor's immunosuppressive environment. This work may pave the way for improved patient outcomes and more effective treatments for this challenging cancer.
The effect of outlet location on regulatory visits and quality compliance at private- sector retail drug outlets in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Balira Rebecca , Mshana Gerry , Tubeti Mayebe , Ndaro Roza , Hamill Heather , Hampshire Kate
Published: August 2024

Background
Private-sector medicine retail outlets play a crucial role in delivering essential medicines to populations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), especially for rural areas. However, regulatory compliance and inspection of these outlets, crucial for ensuring quality, pose significant challenges, especially in remote regions. This study investigates relationships between outlet location, regulatory compliance and inspection frequency in Tanzania. Specifically, two hypotheses are tested: that private-sector medicine retail outlet in remote locations will be (a) less likely to comply with quality standards, and (b) less likely to receive timely regulatory inspection visits, than those closer to regional centres and roads.
Methods
158 private-sector medicine outlets (69 pharmacies and 89 Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets (ADDOs)) were surveyed across four regions in Tanzania. Data were collected on location (using GPS coordinates), outlet characteristics, facilities and reported frequency of inspections. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to test the two hypotheses.
Results
Overall, fewer than 10% of outlets surveyed were fully compliant with the criteria measured. Pharmacies (predominantly located in urban areas) demonstrated levels of higher compliance than ADDOs (predominantly found in rural areas). Controlling for the pharmacy/ADDO distinction, outlets closer to regional capitals exhibited better compliance on two criteria (cleanliness and staff presentation). 59.5% of outlets reported having received at least once regulatory inspection in the preceding 12 months, which pharmacies more likely to have been inspected than ADDOs (81.2% versus 42.7% respectively).
Conclusion
The poor levels of regulatory compliance observed are worrying, given the reliance of Tanzania’s population on private-sector medicine retail outlets. The poorer levels of compliance observed in ADDOs (compared with pharmacies), and in outlets located further from regional capitals, suggests a double disadvantage for rural communities when it comes to accessing medicines from quality-assured outlets. Increasing the frequency of regulatory visits may be part of the answer, but further investment is needed to build capacity of outlets serving rural communities.
Relationship between water quality and phytoplankton distribution of aquaculture areas in a tropical lagoon
Authors: Hoang Thi My Hang , Te Minh Son , Duong Van Hieu , Luong Quang Doc , Stiers Iris , Triest Ludwig
Published: August 2024

Aquaculture activities can affect water quality and phytoplankton composition. Our study aimed to estimate phytoplankton density and composition in relation to environmental factors impacted by aquaculture. We analyzed water quality and phytoplankton from 35 sites in a tropical lagoon, including inside aquaculture ponds, at wastewater discharge points, within 300 meters of these points, and farther out in the lagoon. Measurements were taken after aquaculture activities started in March and again in July. In both periods, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a (chl-a), and turbidity decreased from the aquaculture ponds to the farther lagoon areas. Principal component analysis showed that nutrients, turbidity, and chl-a were key factors in aquaculture ponds, while salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and water depth influenced water quality outside the ponds. Phytoplankton density was higher in July than in March due to aquaculture characteristics. Redundancy analysis indicated that phytoplankton typical of inorganic, turbid, shallow lakes were present throughout, whereas marine phytoplankton characterized the open water area. Phytoplankton in aquaculture ponds was dominated by Oscillatoria spp., while Thalassiosira spp. dominated outside the ponds. We also identified indicator genera for two connected lagoons. Although constant water exchange prevented the identification of specific indicator phytoplankton groups for aquaculture activities, this revealed the impact of wastewater from aquaculture ponds on the natural environment in the lagoons.
Identification and potential mechanism study of a novel gastric cancer suppressor tRF-24- 6VR8K09LE9
Authors: Tang Yelan , Qi Qianyi , Jin Kangfeng , Feng Wei , Ju Shaoqing , Jing Rongrong , Zong Wei
Published: August 2024

One of the most common gastrointestinal tumors is gastric cancer (GC), which has a high lethality and a poor prognosis. Recently, it was discovered that mature tRNAs, which are expressed differently in a variety of malignancies, give rise to a novel class of tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). In this study, we investigated the role of short RNAs produced from tRNA in GC and possible therapeutic uses. edgeR was used to screen the differentially expressed tsRNAs from the TCGA database and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the levels of tsRNAs in GC samples. tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 down-regulated in GC was confirmed by detecting serum samples from 114 patients with gastric cancer, 40 patients with gastritis and 100 normal controls. The Chi-square test displayed that tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 was highly related to differentiation grade (P=0.029), T-stage (P=0.036), lymph node status (P=0.036), TNM staging (P<0.0001), and neurological/vascular invasion (P=0.033).The ROC curve indicated that tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 is more effective than the current diagnostic markers for GC. Furthermore, mechanistic studies verified that tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 affected the malignant progression of GC through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 can be served as a molecular marker for early GC auxiliary diagnosis. Over-expression of tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 inhibits the malignant progression of GC, which may provide a new strategy for the adjuvant treatment of GC.
Facilitating circular economy development: Community participation in waste bank initiatives at public transport hubs
Authors: Ulhasanah Nova , Suhardono Sapta , Lee Chun-Hung , Faza Afina Sabila , Zahir Alisha , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the factors influencing community willingness to participate (WTP) in waste bank initiatives at public transport hubs, emphasizing their role in advancing smart city waste management and circular economy development. By employing a comprehensive survey and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the research identifies four key adaptability that significantly shape WTP and behavior control: interest level, ability to cope, ability to plan, and ability to learn. The findings reveal that enhancing community interest through digital platforms and interactive technologies, providing adequate waste management resources, involving the community in the planning process, and promoting continuous education are essential for fostering participation. The study demonstrates that leveraging digital platforms to disseminate real-time information and educational content can significantly boost community interest and engagement. Additionally, equipping communities with necessary tools and resources, such as accessible sorting facilities and professional assistance, enhances their ability to manage waste effectively. Involving community members in the planning process ensures that waste management strategies are tailored to local needs and preferences, thereby increasing their effectiveness. The study offers implications for policymakers and urban planners, providing a framework for developing sustainable waste management practices within public transport systems. By fostering a culture of sustainability and resilience, these practices contribute to creating eco-friendly urban environments, aligning with the broader goals of smart city initiatives and circular economy principles.
Short-Term Efficacy Analysis of Glucocorticoid Combined with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Neuromyelitis Optica
Authors: Huang Yuhui , Xie Ying , Liu Xi , Wen Yangchun , He Jinzhao , Yang Shaoming
Published: August 2024

Background: We aimed to assess whether the combination of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and high-dose intravenous corticosteroid therapy (IVMP) offers superior benefits compared to IVMP alone in managing acute attacks of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted including 71 acute attacks from 63 NMOSD patients treated with IVMP (1000 mg/day for 5 days) combined with IVIG (0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days) and 64 attacks from 56 patients treated with IVMP alone. The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores, and percentage of improvement in EDSS score by seizure type (optic neuritis or myelitis) were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were performed on EDSS scores related to visual acuity, pyramidal function, sensory function, and bladder/rectal function.
Results: Both IVMP and the combination of IVMP+IVIG effectively reduced EDSS scores during acute episodes of NMOSD. No significant difference was observed in the mRS score at 3 months or in the remission improvement of EDSS score by seizure type between the two groups. However, a statistically significant difference in the improvement of initial pyramidal function scores was noted in patients with myelitis treated with the combination therapy.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that for NMOSD patients with myelitis, the addition of IVIG to IVMP therapy may provide a certain degree of benefit in terms of motor function recovery. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Orphanhood in Manhiça district, Mozambique: causes, trends, and impacts on living arrangements and migration over 24 years of continuous demographic surveillance (1998-2021)
Authors: Nhacolo Ariel , Sacoor Charfudin , Jamisse Edgar , Matsena Teodimiro , Hunguana Aura , Macete Eusébio , Saúte Francisco , Munguambe Khátia , Bassat Quique , Garcia-Basteiro Alberto , Mandomando Inacio , Augusto Orvalho , Arnaldo Carlos , Alonso Pedro
Published: August 2024

Background
Orphanhood is among the major socio-economic challenges in low- and middle-income countries, but measuring the trends, causes, and consequences of orphanhood on children in these countries has been difficult due to lack of adequate data. This study aimed to provide insights into the trends in prevalence, incidence, causes and consequences of orphanhood on living arrangements and migration of children in Manhiça district, Mozambique.
Methods
This study presents a descriptive analysis of annual prevalence and incidence of orphans, leveraging data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) that followed 225,921 children < 18 years during 1998–2021 in Manhiça. It also presents cause-specific proportions of orphans using verbal autopsies. The impacts of orphanhood on living arrangements and migration of children were examined by comparing indices such as household size and composition, and annual rates of migration by orphan status.
Results
The results show that 8.1% of children had lost at least one biological parent before age 18 years. There were more paternal orphans (51.5%) than maternal orphans (42.1%), and double orphans (6.3%). The prevalence and incidence of orphanhood increased and decreased - with prevalence increasing from 1.8% in 1998 to 6.3% in 2021, after peaking to 9.2% in 2011–2012, a trend that appears to reflect the trend in adult mortality in Manhiça, where the 45q15 increased from 0.40 in 1998 to over 0.65 during 2002–2008, before decreasing in 2009–2021. HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis were the leading causes of orphanhood, with 38.8% of maternal orphans and 30.8% of paternal orphans; followed by other communicable diseases (16.2% and 15.0% of maternal and paternal orphans, respectively). Sixty-seven percent of orphans lived in female-headed households compared to 19.7% of non-orphans. Orphans had higher rates of migration (108.5 per 1,000 person-years) than non-orphans (76.0), particularly among maternal orphans and infants.
Conclusions
These findings quantify and describe the burden of orphanhood and its evolution over 2.5 decades and suggest a need for targeted interventions to address the socio-economic challenges stemming from orphanhood in Manhiça and, likely, in similar contexts. Furthermore, the study provides crucial insights for future research using this HDSS data, e.g. the assessment of the implications of orphanhood on child health, survival, and marriage.
Comprehensive multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of prostate cancer recurrence
Authors: li lin , Zhao Yawei , Ma Liujiang , Tang Lei , Liu Jiaxin , Li qianyue
Published: August 2024

Background
Accurately detecting prostate cancer recurrence currently poses a challenge for clinicians. In addition, biochemical recurrence (BCR) is a crucial risk factor for clinical recurrence and metastasis. The understanding of genes involved in BCR and their mechanisms is limited. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively explore the genes associated with BCR and their biological mechanisms in prostate cancer using bioinformatics techniques.
Methods
Data from 473 non-recurrence (n = 412) and recurrence (n = 61) samples, were obtained from the TCGA public database. The key genes between groups were identified using the Limma package. Mendelian Randomization (MR) was employed to screen for key genes, describing their eQTL-positive outcomes in causality. Relationships between key genes and immune infiltration, immune cells, drug sensitivity, and signaling pathways were analyzed. Further, the enrichment of transcriptome gene sets, prediction of transcription factors, and specific situations in single cells were evaluated.
Results
In all, 486 DEGs were found, comprising 380 upregulated and 106 downregulated genes. MR identified DENND4B, KCNK6, MPHOSPH6, SPNS1, SYTL3, and ZNF419 as pivotal genes. Multi-omics analysis suggested these genes as predictive and diagnostic markers for BCR.
Conclusion
This study identified prostate cancer recurrence-related DEGs and their functions using bioinformatics and MR analysis, offering significant clinical implications for accurate prediction and assessment of prostate cancer recurrence. It also provided effective targets for managing recurrent prostate cancer.
Distribution Characteristics of Fluorine in the Soil of Brick Tea Plantations in Chibi and the Sources of Pollution
Authors: Li Quan , Li Yang , Liu Li , Li Zhigang , Chen Yi , Wang Qian , Xia Guoping
Published: August 2024

Tea plants are known hyperaccumulators of fluorine and accumulate quantities of fluorine proportional to the concentration of fluorine in the environment. The primary source of fluorine in tea is water-soluble fluorine compounds in the soil, which tea plants readily absorb and accumulate in the leaves. Analyses of soil samples indicate that the parent material of soil significantly influences the total fluorine content. The distribution of fluorine in the surface soil of different soil types within the tea gardens follows this order: brown red soil > young red soil > yellow red soil. Generally, fluorine content in the surface soil of the planting area displays a decreasing trend from north to south. Under acidic conditions, pH variations minimally impact the concentration of water-soluble fluorine in the soil. Exogenous sample analyses reveal that the primary sources of soil fluorine are geological formations and the prolonged and intensive use of foreign and Western compound fertilizers. Atmospheric deposition, along with water used for irrigation and pesticides in tea gardens, do not constitute significant sources of fluorine in the surface soil. To mitigate fluorine levels in brick tea, it is advisable for tea gardens to increase the use of organic and nitrogen-based fertilizers while decreasing reliance on compound fertilizers.
Relationship between trajectory of coagulation index, duration of coagulation disorder, and prognosis in patients with sepsis in ICU
Authors: Chang Yingjie , Rao Shuke , Zhou Tianbao , Xu Guihua , Xie Chenli
Published: August 2024

Background
Platelet count (PLT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) are routinely monitored during ICU hospitalization. Nonetheless, the impact of the longitudinal PLT, APTT, and PT-INR trajectories in patients with sepsis remains unclear. Furthermore, the association between duration of coagulation disorders and prognosis in sepsis is unclear.
Methods
Based on the MIMIC-IV database, we applied group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) to identify PLT, APTT, and PT-INR trajectories among ICU patients with sepsis and explored the relationship between these trajectories and 28-day mortality rates. Secondly, we determined the presence of SIC based on daily PLT, PT-INR, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores in patients. And, by using COX proportional hazard model we assessed the association between the duration of coagulation disorders and prognosis.
Results
2159 sepsis patients were included and divided into six PLT, APTT, and PT-INR trajectory groups. We found that patients with persistent thrombocytopenia, prolonged APTT, and elevated PT-INR had the highest risk of death and were independently associated with a poor prognosis (HR 4.60 [95% CI:2.98–7.10]). Moreover, persistent SIC within five days of ICU admission was an independent predictor of 28-day mortality compared to patients without SIC (HR:1.79[95% CI:1.33–2.40]).
Conclusion
PLT, APTT, and PT-INR trajectories have the potential to distinguish sepsis subphenotypes with varying mortality risks. Using GBTM, we can better comprehend the heterogeneity of coagulation function.
Analysis of the basins of attraction generated by a pseudo Newton-Raphson method iterating over complex order derivatives
Authors: Moratis Kimon
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to analyze visually the evolution and dynamic behavior of the basins of attraction generated by a pseudo Newton-Raphson method, where the first order derivative is replaced by fractional derivatives of complex order. The functions of choice are polynomials as they have been studied extensively in the past and the dynamical analysis of iterative methods based on them is rather straightforward. The boundary sets are calculated by using both the analytical form of the derivatives and their approximation from the definition of Grunwald. The generated basins of attraction are colored according to the required number of iterations for the method to converge and the corresponding roots of the studied polynomials. In the last section, an analysis of the boundary sets generated from imaginary order derivatives is presented.