bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic selection for growth drives differences in intestinal microbiota composition and parasite disease resistance in gilthead sea bream
Authors: Piazzon M. Carla , Naya-Català Fernando , Perera Erick , Palenzuela Oswaldo , Sitjà-Bobadilla Ariadna , Pérez-Sánchez Jaume
Published: August 2020

Background The key effects of intestinal microbiota in animal health has led to an increasing interest in manipulating these bacterial populations to improve animal welfare. The aquaculture sector is no exception and in the last years many studies have described these populations in different fish species. However, this is not an easy task, as intestinal microbiota is composed of very dynamic populations that are influenced by different factors, such as diet, environment, host age and genetics. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether the genetic background of gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) influences the intestinal microbial composition, how these bacterial populations are modulated by dietary changes, and the effect of selection by growth on intestinal disease resistance. To that aim, three different groups of five families of gilthead sea bream that were selected during two generations for fast, intermediate or slow growth (F3 generation) were kept together in the same open-flow tanks and fed a control or a well-balanced plant-based diet during nine months. Six animals per family and dietary treatment were sacrificed and the adherent bacteria from the anterior intestinal portion were sequenced. In parallel, fish of the fast- and slow-growth groups were infected with the intestinal parasite Enteromyxum leei and the disease signs, prevalence, intensity and parasite abundance were evaluated. Results No differences were detected in alpha diversity indexes among families, and the core bacterial architecture was the prototypical composition of gilthead sea bream intestinal microbiota, indicating no dysbiosis in any of the groups. The plant-based diet significantly changed the microbiota in the intermediate- and slow-growth families, with a much lower effect on the fast-growth group. Interestingly, the smaller changes detected in the fast-growth families potentially accounted for more changes at the metabolic level when compared to the other families. Upon parasitic infection, the fast-growth group showed significantly lower disease signs and parasite intensity and abundance than the slow-growth animals. Conclusions These results show a clear genome-metagenome interaction indicating that the fast-growth families harbor a microbiota that is more flexible upon dietary changes. These animals also showed a better ability to cope with intestinal infections.
Completely inverted uterus secondary to uterine rhabdomyosarcoma mistaken for a cervical tumor and removed vaginally: case report and literature review
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Peng Hongfa
Published: August 2020

Background Uterine rhabdomyosarcoma(RMS) is an extremely rare, underrecognized malignant tumor. It usually affects young women and has a dismal prognosis.Case presentation A 19-year-old nulliparous girl presented to our institution with venous sinus thrombosis who subsequently developed complete uterine inversion, which was mistaken for a cervical tumor and removed vaginally. She experienced uncontrollable occurrence of multiple tumors and died within 6 months.Conclusion Our case illustrates the typical presentation and aggressive behavior of uterine RMS. Abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB) in young women should be a sign to screen for uterine neoplasms. Anatomy should be fully evaluated before proceeding toward surgical intervention to ensure the correct procedure is done.
Early Electrocardiographic Indices for Predicting Chronic Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Retrospective Case Series Study
Authors: Kinoshita Toshio , Yuzawa Hitomi , Natori Kazuhiko , Wada Ryo , Yao Shintaro , Yano Kensuke , Akitsu Katsuya , Koike Hideki , Shinohara Masaya , Fujino Tadashi , Shimada Hideaki , Ikeda Takanori
Published: August 2020

Background: Dealing with chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) remains a significant problem complicated by the difficulty in early detection of cardiotoxicity. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is expected to be the most realistic methodology due to lower cost-performance and non-invasiveness. We investigated the long-term visual fluctuations in the ECG waveforms in patients with chronic doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity to identify ECG indices for the early detection of cardiotoxicity. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series study by reviewing the medical records of 470 consecutive patients with malignant lymphoma who were treated with DOX at our institute between January 2010 and December 2017. Of them, 23 (4.9%) patients developed left ventricular dysfunction and were diagnosed with CTRCD using echocardiography. We assessed the ECG indices on 12-lead ECG recordings before and after treatment in 15 patients; eight patients were excluded due to conduction disturbances or atrial fibrillation. Results: CTRCD was detected at a median of 475 (interquartile range, IQR: 341–1333) days after initiating chemotherapy. The evaluation of ECG indices preceding CTRCD development was performed 93 (IQR: 52–232) days before the detection of CTRCD. In the stage of CTRCD, the most significant ECG change was T-wave flattening in leads V3–V6 (12 patients, 80%). Additionally, QTa prolongation was observed in leads I and aVL (n=10, 66%), leads II, III, and aVF (n=9, 60%), and leads V3–V6 (n=10, 73%). These ECG changes were not observed before the treatment but were detected mildly in the pre-CTRCD stage, which subsequently worsened in the CTRCD stage.Conclusions: This study indicated that T-wave changes and QTa prolongation may be useful as an early indicator before the onset of CTRCD in patients with DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
A K-mer Based Approach for Virus Classification Identifies Coronavirus Infections and Viral Associations in Human and Plant Microbiomes
Authors: Garcia Benjamin , Simha Ramanuja , Garvin Michael , Furches Anna , Jones Piet , Gazolla Joao , Hyatt P. Doug , Schadt Christopher W , Pelletier Dale , Jacobson Daniel
Published: August 2020

BackgroundViruses are an underrepresented taxa in the study and identification of microbiome constituents; however, they play an essential role in health, microbiome regulation, and transfer of genetic material. Only a few thousand viruses have been isolated, sequenced, and assigned a taxonomy, which further limits the ability to identify and quantify viruses in the microbiome. Additionally, the vast diversity of viruses represents a challenge for classification, not only in constructing a viral taxonomy, but also in identifying similarities between a virus’ genotype and its phenotype. However, the diversity of viral sequences can be leveraged to classify their sequences in metagenomic and metatranscriptomic samples.MethodsTo identify and quantify viruses in transcriptomic and genomic samples, we developed a dynamic programming algorithm for creating a classification tree out of 715,672 metagenome viruses. To create the classification tree, we clustered proportional similarity scores generated from the k-mer profiles of each of the metagenome viruses. We then integrated the viral classification tree with the NCBI taxonomy for use with ParaKraken (a parallelized version of Kraken), a metagenomic/transcriptomic classifier. The resulting Kraken2 database of the metagenomic viruses can be found here: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1615774 and is compatible with Kraken2.ResultsTo illustrate the breadth of our utility for classifying viruses with ParaKraken, especially samples without virus-induced pathophysiology, we analyzed data from a plant metagenome study identifying the differences between two Populus genotypes in three different compartments and on a human metatranscriptome study identifying the differences between Autism Spectrum Disorder patients and controls in post mortem brain tissue. In the Populus study, we identified genotype and compartment-specific viral signatures, while in the Autism study we identified a significant increase in abundance of eight viral sequences in post mortem brains. We also show the potential accuracy for classifying viruses by utilizing the NCBI viral databases to identify the uniqueness of viral sequences and to identify pathogenic viruses in known COVID-19 and cassava brown streak virus infection samples.ConclusionViruses represent an essential component of the microbiome. The ability to classify viruses represents the compulsory first step in better understanding their role in the microbiome. The viral classification method presented here allows for a more complete identification of viral sequences for use in identifying associations between viruses and the host and viruses and other microbiome members and can be used with any tool that utilizes a taxonomy for classification (such as Kraken).
The Writing On The Wall Intravitreal Injection Compliance During The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Foreseeable Consequences
Authors: Wasser Lauren M , Weill Yishay , Brosh Koby , Magal Itay , Potter Michael , Strassman Israel , Gelman Evgeny , Koslowsky Meni , Zadok David , Hanhart Joel
Published: August 2020

Background: Intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have become the most prevalent intraocular procedure as they represent the major therapeutic modality for prevalent retinal conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. Effective therapy requires adherence to a schedule of iterative IVI as well as routine clinic appointments. The ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the reduction of attendance at scheduled clinics visits and IVI. In this study we attempted to analyze the effect of COVID-19 on compliance with anti-VEGF therapy.Methods: A total of 636 eyes received injections during a four-week period of the COVID-19 outbreak in the Retina Clinic. The number of clinic visits for IVI during one month from March 15 to April 14 of 2020 was compared to the similar time period in each of the last four years.Results: The study demonstrates a decrease in clinic visits for IVI when compared with the same four-week interval in the four previous years. Based on the trend of the previous four years, 10.2% of the year’s total was expected for this time period. Using this model, the 636 reported number of injections for the March-April, 2020 period was ~ 5%. This represents a decrease of ~50% of the expected IVI for this time period.Conclusion: The COVID-19 outbreak in Israel severely impacted compliance with anti-VEGF treatments.
Retrospective analysis of 116 cases of exertional rhabdomyolysis in newly enrolled cadets of a military academy in Beijing
Authors: Mao Handing , Li Xin , Liu Shuyuan , Xing Ling , Zhao Jinbao , Tan Zhijun , Sun Hailong , Song Qing
Published: August 2020

BackgroundExertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) often occurs during prolonged intense exercise in hot environments, posing a threat to the health and safety of military personnel.ObjectiveTo investigate possible risk factors of ER and provide further empirical data for prevention and clinical treatment strategies for ER.MethodsIn this study, a systematic retrospective investigation on 116 concurrent cases of ER was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and exercise-related data were collected from both ER cases and controls which were allotted by 1:3 proportion. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the significance of the association between each potential risk (or protective) factors and ER.ResultsThe adjusted ER prediction model finally included the following variables that significantly increased (or decreased) the risk of acquiring ER: age (odds ratios [OR] 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]0.45–0.79), body mass index (BMI, OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.01–1.24), dark-colored urine after training (OR 2.98, 95%CI 1.58–5.64), frequent fruit consumption (OR 0.54, 95%CI 0.29–0.98), active hydrating habit (OR 0.31, 95%CI 1.58–5.64), water replenishment ≥ 2L on the training day (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.06–0.54), water replenishment ≥ 500 ml within 1 hour before training (OR 0.32, 95%CI 0.11–0.90), lack of physical exercise in the last half-year (OR 3.23, 95%CI 1.34–7.80).ConclusionsIn military training, emphasis should be placed on incremental adaptation training prior to more intense training, and close attention should be paid to overweight and previously sedentary recruits. Fluid replenishment before exercise, increased fruit intake, and proper potassium supplementation may help to prevent ER.
The Multiple Stakeholder Approach to Real-world Evidence Generation: the Results of the Jandhyala Method in Observing Expert Consensus on Quality Indicators of Rare Disease Patient Registries (RDRs) by Stakeholder Group
Authors: Jandhyala Ravi
Published: August 2020

Background:Evidence is valuable to inform decision making. Understanding stakeholder needs from the evidence of key stakeholders is empirically important to those involved in its generation. Where multiple stakeholders exist, an understanding of whether their questions are homogenous or heterogenous necessitates a dedicated approach that will be of value to those invested in the outcomes of their decisions.The pharmaceutical industry engages with non-pharmaceutical industry stakeholders: Payors, Prescribers and, under carefully controlled circumstances, patients when commercialising its medicines. This original research focussed on the differences between these groups and their pharma aligned stakeholders: Regulatory Affairs, Market Access, Commercial and Medical Affairs using measures of their common quality indicators (QIs) from rare disease patient registries.QIs were solicited using the Jandhyala method for observing item awareness and consensus from list generating questioning. They were compared for homogeneity between individual stakeholder groups and the combined pharma and non-pharma stakeholder group population.Results:All stakeholder groups were unique and suggested items peculiar to their own group.One hundred and eleven discrete QIs were identified: Commercial (8/111; 7.21%), Market Access (6/111; 5.41%), Medical Affairs (4/111; 3.60%), Regulatory Affairs (6/111; 5.41%), Patients (14/111; 12.61%), Payors (6/111; 5.41%), and Prescribers (9/111; 8.11%). Each stakeholder's proportion of unique QIs to the total was not statistically significant to the group as a whole.Non-pharma stakeholders generated 29/111 (26.13%) unique QIs, while pharma stakeholders generated 24/111 (21.62%). The total unique QIs across both stakeholder groups were 53/111 (47.75%). Two QIs were unanimously suggested and agreed upon by all stakeholder groups (7/7; 100%): 'Engages with patients and gains their buy-in' and 'Includes a core data set as part of outcomes'.There was homogeneity in consensus on common QIs between Commercial – Market Access (P=0.006), Market Access – Regulators (P=0.006), Commercial – Prescribers (P=0.001), Market Access – Prescribers (P=0.033), and Commercial – Medical Affairs (P=0.020).Conclusions:There is sufficient evidence to support a multiple stakeholder approach for generating real-world evidence. There was a mismatch between pharma and non-pharma stakeholders of 47.75% indicating redundancies of QIs on each side of this divide. Patients and Payor (non-pharma) groups have been highlighted for greater alignment with pharma stakeholder groups.
A Cost Analysis of Options for Schistosomiasis Control MDA Programs Targeting Children Aged Five Years and below in uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Ncube Mhlengi Vella , Chimbari Moses John
Published: August 2020

BackgroundSchistosomiasis negatively impacts early childhood development. Inclusion of children aged five years and below in mass drug administration (MDA) programs for controlling schistosomiasis could improve early childhood development in communities where the disease is endemic. We estimated the projected cost of implementing a schistosomiasis control MDA program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude district of South Africa.MethodWe calculated the cost of implementing a schistosomiasis MDA program targeting children aged five years and below using an economies of scaled based cost function. We further compared different labor composition simulations to determine the most affordable and available human resources to implement the program. We also explored programs to which the MDA program could be integrated; and estimated what the costs for would be. Moreover, we simulated cost-effectiveness and determined the cost drivers for each simulation considered.ResultsA ward-based outreach team (WBOT) for implementing a schistosomiasis MDA program targeting children 5 years old and below was the best labor composition option. The simulations conducted indicated that treating children in batches of 2500 using the WBOT team approach could reduce the cost of treatment by 53% compared to treating the children on batches of 500. Integrating a schistosomiasis MDA targeting children aged 5 years and below with the immunization program was estimated to cost 3% less than integration with the deworming and Vitamin A supplementation program indicating that the former option is more cost-effective. Praziquantel, the drug that is used to treat schistosomiasis contributed 59% of the total cost for such a program.Conclusion.We estimated that US$4.3 million would be needed to implement a cost effective MDA program targeting children 5 years old and blow over 3 years in uMkhanyakude district.
Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Patients’Outcome After Extubation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhao Ying , Yang Qingyun , Wen Ruochen , Hu Xingshuo , Gu Hongjun , Xie Lixin , Xie Fei
Published: August 2020

Background: To evaluate whether pulmonary rehabilitation can improve respiratory function and life quality of the patients who were removed from invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU and sequentially treated with high-flow humidification therapy instrument. Methods: This study is a single-center clinical randomized controlled trial. Selected from April 2019 to April 2020, 53 patients who were sequentially treated with High-Flow Humidification Device after extubation in the ICU were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received pulmonary rehabilitation treatment, while the control group received only conventional treatment. All patients were then evaluated for rehabilitation and bedside diaphragm ultrasound measurement.Results: Compared with the control group, experimental group’s incidences of non-invasive ventilation use, re-intubation and complication were significantly reduced (P <0.05), yet there was no significant reduction of two groups’ mortality rate (P = 0.3). The experimental group's MRCsum (Medical Research Council sum) muscle strength score, 30-second sit-up test parameter, and modified Barthel index all presented significant difference (P <0.05). The degree of diaphragm movement, end-inspiratory diaphragm thickness and diaphragm thickness variation rate were significantly increased (P <0.05). Conclusions: Pulmonary rehabilitation is safe with certain efficacy. It is of great significance to the enhancement of patient's peripheral muscle strength and endurance, respiratory function, and daily life activities. It can reduce the incidences of non-invasive ventilation use and re-intubation and help patients return to their families and society better. Nevertheless, the current development of pulmonary rehabilitation is not perfect. Subsequent research of a multi-center randomized controlled trial should be conducted to further explore the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation, promote the spread of pulmonary rehabilitation technics, and provide home-based rehabilitation guidance and long-term follow-up for discharged ICU patients.Trial registration: Clinical trial registration number: NCT04368286; Ethics number: S2018-212-01.Subject: ①Number: 2018FC-WJFWZX-2-04. ②Chinese PLA Health Care Grant: 17BJZ35.
Asthma and COVID-19 - A systematic review
Authors: Mendes Natália F. , Jara Carlos P. , Mansour Eli , Araújo Eliana P. , Velloso Licio
Published: August 2020

BackgroundSevere coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) presents with progressive dyspnea, which results from acute lung inflammatory edema leading to hypoxia. As with other infectious diseases that affect the respiratory tract, asthma has been cited as a potential risk factor for severe COVID-19. However, conflicting results have been published over the last few months and the putative association between these two diseases is still unproven.MethodsHere, we systematically reviewed all reports on COVID-19 published since its emergence in December 2019 to May 18, 2020, looking into the description of asthma as a premorbid condition, which could indicate its potential involvement in disease progression.ResultsWe found 169 articles describing the clinical characteristics of 36,072 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Asthma was reported as a premorbid condition in only 655 patients accounting for 1.8% of all patients.ConclusionsAs the global prevalence of asthma is 4.4%, we conclude that either asthma is not a premorbid condition that contributes to the development of COVID-19 or clinicians and researchers are not accurately describing the premorbidities in COVID-19 patients.
Accelerated Brain Aging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Longitudinal Pattern Recognition With White Matter Integrity
Authors: Gan Shuoqiu , Shi Wen , Wang Shan , Sun Yingxiang , Yin Bo , Bai Guanghui , Jia Xiaoyan , Sun Chuanzhu , Niu Xuan , Wang Zhuonan , Jiang Xiaofan , Liu Jun , Zhang Ming , Bai Lijun
Published: August 2020

Background: Long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) resemble brain aging changes (i.e., microstructure integrity loss), which implies an accelerated age-associated process. This study aimed to develop a quantifiable neuroimaging marker to characterize the brain-aging process accelerated by mTBI from acute to chronic phases. Methods: A brain-age prediction model was defined using relevance vector regression (RVR) in 523 healthy individuals, based on fractional anisotropy metrics from diffusion-tensor imaging. The model was adopted to estimate brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD = predicted brain age - chronological age) in 116 acute mTBI patients and 63 healthy controls (HCs). Fifty patients were followed up 6~12 month post-injury to evaluate the longitudinal changes in brain-PAD. Another mTBI group containing 70 acute patients were included as a replicated cohort. We investigated whether brain-PAD was greater in patients with elderly age, post-concussion complaints, and risky apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and whether it had the potential to predict neuropsychological outcomes for information processing speed (IPS). Between-group and longitudinal comparison in brain-PAD was conducted with analysis of covariance and linear mixed-effects model, respectively. The correlation between brain-PAD and continuous variables was analyzed with Spearman rank-order correlation.Results: The RVR brain-age prediction model predicted brain age accurately (r = 0.96, R2 = 0.93). The brain age of mTBI patients was estimated to be "older" in the acute phase, with mean brain-PAD of 2.59 (± 5.97) years compared with HCs (0.12 ± 3.19 years) (P < 0.05) and replicated in another mTBI cohort (brain-PAD: 3.26 ± 4.55 years). The increased brain age in mTBI kept stable at 6-12 month post-injury (2.50 ± 4.54 years). Patients with older age or severer post-concussion complaints obtained greater brain-PAD (P < 0.001, P = 0.024), while patients with APOE ε4 didn’t obtain greater brain-PAD than those without. Additionally, brain-PAD in the acute phase predicted patients’ IPS profile at 6~12 month follow-up (rho = -0.36, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Mild TBI, even a single one, accelerates the brain-aging process. The brain-PAD can be considered as a quantitative neuroimaging marker to evaluate the susceptibility to neurodegeneration or other age-associated conditions following mTBI. Trial registration: NCT02868684.
A Successful Management of Supra-Renal Inferior Vena Cava Injury Following Penetrating Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: Mohamed Abdikarim Hussein , Eraslan Aşır
Published: August 2020

Penetrating trauma of the abdominal Inferior Vena Cava remains a life-threatening injury. Nearly half of patients with an injury of abdominal Inferior Vena Cava die before reaching the hospital. This makes injuries of IVC often fetal and the management of these injuries is usually challenging. Early hospital transfer, prompt diagnosis, rapid bleeding control and diminishing shock period remain significantly important factors that improve the survival rate. We report a successful surgical management of suprarenal inferior vena cava injury case and associated organ injuries following a stab knife wound.
Positive Thinking, School Adjustment and Psychological Well-being among Chinese College Students
Authors: Chui Raymond C.F. , Chan Chi-K.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Previous studies have found that traditional positive Chinese beliefs contribute to the maintenance of the quality of life. It is interesting to explore the functions of positive thinking on stress in the Chinese context in order to test whether positive thinking influences the psychological well-being of college students.

Objective:

This study aims to examine the associations between positive thinking, school adjustment, and the psychological well-being of Chinese college-going students. It investigates the moderating role of positive thinking in the effects of poor school adjustment on stress and well-being.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was administered to 299 male and 396 female college students aged 17-28 years across eight universities of Hong Kong.

Results:

Results confirmed that school adjustment was negatively related to stress (β= -.194) and positively related to life satisfaction (β= .074). It was also indirectly related to psychological distress via stress (β= -.194;β= .620). Moreover, positive thinking was a moderator to the relationships between school adjustment and stress (β= .011) and to the relationships between school adjustment and life satisfaction (β= -.009). School adjustment was more related to stress at higher levels of positive thinking while it was more related to life satisfaction at lower levels of positive thinking.

Conclusion:

These results suggested that enhancing positive thinking is beneficial to Chinese college-going students’ psychological well-being. Therefore, student services at universities can consider organizing workshops to educate and promote the appropriate use of positive thinking for students to alleviate their stress and enhance their psychological well-being.
Socio-Demographics and Psychological Correlates of Anger Among Individuals Diagnosed with Alcohol Use Disorder In Jordan
Authors: Al-Khawaldeh Suhaib A. , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman M. , Shehadeh Jumana Hussein , Thultheen Imad Numan
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Psychological disturbances such as anger, impulsivity and resilience among individuals with alcohol use disorder are considered barriers to successful treatment and contribute to poor prognosis and early relapse. The purpose of this study is to investigate the socio-demographic and psychological factors associated with anger among individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorder in Jordan.

Methods:

A descriptive correlational design was used to collect data using self-reported questionnaire from 54 hospitalized patients with alcohol use disorder admitted for treatment over 4 months period. Data collected in relation to anger, impulsivity, and resilience.

Results:

The results showed that 64% of the patients in this study had severe clinical anger, 70% had moderate to high impulsivity level, and about 48% had high level of resilience. The findings also showed a significant positive correlation between patients’ anger and impulsivity (r = .36, p <0.05), while a significant negative correlation was observed between patients’ anger and resilience (r = - 0.60, p < .001).

Conclusion:

The link between anger, impulsivity and resilience is alarming mental health professionals toward the need for an integrated model of care during and after interventions to prevent relapse and sustain sobriety.
Thrombosis Risk Assessment In The COVID-19 Era
Authors: Caprini Joseph A
Published: August 2020

The appearance of the coronavirus pandemic has prompted a renewed interest in thrombosis risk assessment, particularly since this disease is associated with a high risk of thrombotic events. It is known that the number one preventable cause of death in hospitalized patients including those having surgical procedures is fatal pulmonary emboli. There is also high-quality data that the use of anticoagulant drugs in the proper dose, and for the period of time shown to be efficacious, will prevent most fatal events. It is true that even with the use of the best anticoagulant regimes venous thromboembolic events (VTE) can still occur but are rarely fatal. We also realize that providing adequate anticoagulant prophylaxis for the entire period of risk is the key to preventing these deaths.  Thrombosis risk scoring identifies who's at risk for these emboli and guides physician choices for appropriate preventive measures.
Análisis de flujos de escombros desde un enfoque dendrocronológico en Ixtacamaxtitlán, Sierra Norte de Puebla, México
Authors: Pablo-Pablo Marco Antonio , Franco-Ramos Osvaldo , Alcántara-Ayala Irasema
Published: August 2020

Los procesos de remoción en masa son una de las amenazas geomorfológicas más importantes en México, debido a sus potenciales consecuencias como el desastre ocurrido en octubre de 1999 en las montañas de la Sierra Norte de Puebla, donde cientos de procesos de remoción ocasionaron graves daños a la población. El propósito de este estudio fue la reconstrucción de flujos de escombros en dos valles localizados en el Cerro Tenextepecuaco, dentro de la Sierra Norte de Puebla, con base en métodos geomorfológicos y dendrocronológicos. Se estudiaron 37 árboles de Juniperus deppeana, para elaborar una cronología de referencia local, así como para fechar y mapear los flujos de escombros y determinar la estabilidad del relieve con base en la edad de los árboles. El análisis comparativo de las curvas de lluvia máxima en 24 hrs, para el periodo de mayo a octubre de 1992 a 2013, y el Índice de Ancho de Anillo (IAA) revelaron que en agosto de 2007 y agosto de 2010 se reactivaron dos canales del valle poniente como consecuencia de las intensas lluvias de 93 y 56 mm respectivamente, las cuales generaron supresión de los anillos de crecimiento de algunos árboles. También, en esos años, se observó una mayor dinámica geomorfológica con importantes cambios en la cubierta vegetal, observados en las imágenes de satélite de Google Earth. En el 2013 los árboles registraron ligeras supresiones y los canales permanecieron activos. A partir del 2014 la especie mostró realces y, en las imágenes, se observó una recolonización de árboles, lo que sugiere una aparente estabilización geomorfológica. Los resultados expuestos demuestran el potencial de Juniperus deppeana en México para estudios dendrogeomorfológicos, mismos que se pueden utilizar para enriquecer los planes de prevención y mitigación de peligros naturales en la zona de estudio.
Política de facção e ruralidade em Puna jujeña, Argentina.
Authors: Cowan Ros Carlos Javier
Published: August 2020

O artigo aporta à compreensão das especificidades da política em localidades rurais. A análise centra-se no processo de constituição de Fermín como o principal dirigente político de uma pequena localidade, as condições de emergência e reprodução da facção que ele conduz e as características que adquiriu a institucionalidade estatal no lugar a partir das ações dos membros da facção. A estratégia analítica e narrativa centra-se na trajetória de Fermín. Os depoimentos são contextualizados e interpretados vis-à-vis vivências, processos sociais e a posição ocupada pelos entrevistados na cena política local. O período de análise abarca do nascimento de Fermín, em 1950, até 2016. Dentre as conclusões destaca que a emergência e constituição de Fermín como liderança política ocorreram em relação com transformações institucionais, sociais e econômicas. Suas motivações para participar em política foram múltiplas e cambiantes e estiveram em relação a sua experiência de vida e a posição assumida em cada momento. O escasso capital político que as lideranças da localidade possuem na cena política provincial é uma característica estrutural que condiciona suas práticas políticas e suas projeções na jerarquia da politica partidária. No entanto, observa-se sua capacidade de agencia na resignificação e produção de instituições estatais, a partir da criatividade que oferece a sua experiência de vida e a influencia de visões e lógicas de ação que emanam de outras esferas sociais, como serem os âmbitos do desenvolvimento rural e das organizações indígenas.
Experiences de l’immigration algerienne en France et grammaires urbaines et publiques de la reconnaissance
Authors: Battegay Alain
Published: August 2020

Argumentant pour une méthode d’explorations situées, cet article vise à déployer des problématiques de la reconnaissance proches de l’expérience sociale, entre le quotidien et la politique, entre la reconnaissance à l’oeuvre dans des interactions ordinaires et le droit à la reconnaissance. Il s’appuie sur des recherches d’inspiration socio-anthropologique portant sur la manière dont les générations issues des migrations maghrébines, notamment Algériennes, et leur installation durable à domicile travaillent les manières de faire société en France et contribuent à leur re-fabrication. Deux domaines de recherches sont ainsi revisités qui concernent 1) les approches urbaines des migrations et les grammaires des pratiques urbaines (avec une insistance plus particulière sur les « centralités immigrées ») ; et 2) la place de l’immigration algérienne dans la mémoire publique en France. Ces deux domaines désignent à l’attention des zones de troubles en matière de connaissance, d’ambivalences en matière de reconnaissance marquées par des déficits, des différentiels, des registres dissociés dans l’expérience des populations d’origine Algérienne vivant en France, même si elles sont de nationalité française, qui inquiètent les conceptions des sociabilités d’interconnaissance en signalant la vulnérabilité des dispositifs d’inter-reconnaissance.
Substâncias que agem: uma análise dos discursos sobre os hormônios e o movimento pela humanização do parto
Authors: Mendonça Sara Sousa
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem a proposta de construir uma interpretação a respeito da representação dos hormônios no discurso biomédico incorporado no cotidiano, em relação ao dualismo cartesiano e à forma peculiar de representação deles dentro do discurso das ativistas pelo parto humanizado. O dualismo cartesiano é entranhado nas representações sobre o corpo tanto no senso comum quanto no discurso biomédico, se constituindo como um dos maiores desafios a serem transpostos para a realização de uma antropologia do corpo. Assim, minha proposta aqui é justamente tomá-lo como objeto, a partir de suas representações e desdobramentos em determinados contextos, não o tratando de forma estática, mas buscando dar conta de seu movimento e alterações e como estes podem encaminhar tanto para a sua permanência, quanto constituírem linhas de fuga.
Visualidades urbanas e poéticas da resistência: reflexões a partir de dois itinerários de pesquisa
Authors: Aderaldo Guilhermo
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo, busco demonstrar o modo pelo qual uma diversidade de integrantes de coletivos dedicados a diferentes modalidades de ativismo cultural em cidades como São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Buenos Aires, tem se valido do uso “tático” de ferramentas tecnológicas, gráficas e comunicativas, com o propósito de produzir referenciais simbólicos que se mostrem capazes de, por um lado, interpelar crítica e publicamente determinados imaginários hegemônicos sobre territórios e populações marginalizadas e, por outro, formular teorias originais, que sirvam de alternativa epistêmica para o entendimento das relações de poder que modulam o governo dos espaços e das populações nas cidades sul-americanas contemporâneas. Para isso, valer-me-ei de um conjunto de dados produzidos no decorrer de duas pesquisas etnográficas recentes, envolvendo o tema da relação entre juventudes, ativismos culturais e novas mobilidades.
“Com defunto ruim não se gasta vela”: hierarquizações que recaem sobre vítimas e réus na administração de conflitos no Tribunal do Júri do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Nuñez Izabel Saenger
Published: August 2020

Este artigo apresenta a forma como diferentes classificações acionadas pelos agentes do Estado que operam no Tribunal do Júri, isto é, no sistema de justiça criminal, recaem sobre vítimas e réus, produzindo hierarquizações sobre seus casos, suas personalidades, suas vidas e respectivas mortes. A partir dessas classificações morais, atribuem a eles diferentes sentidos quanto à categoria “humanos” e quanto aos direitos correspondentes eventualmente atribuídos a eles ou deles retirados, tal como previstos na legislação abstrata. A partir da descrição de dois casos observados durante o trabalho de campo realizado ao longo de um ano e meio em tal contexto, procuro evidenciar como tais classificações se entrecruzam, atribuindo diferentes valores morais às pessoas envolvidas nos casos e dando a eles diferentes soluções possíveis, por meio das interações entre agentes e as partes e das moralidades eivadas dessas interações.
Entre pernadas e possessões: encruzilhadas da umbanda e da capoeira nos espaços circulares afro-lusófonos
Authors: Nascimento Ricardo Carvalho
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo pretende problematizar a inserção partilhada das práticas da umbanda e da capoeira em território português, tomando como base uma etnografia realizada em um templo de umbanda e um grupo de capoeira no norte de Portugal, com a pretensão de averiguar como estas práticas e seus líderes concertaram estratégias de fixação na sociedade portuguesa e se beneficiaram de fatores conjunturais e históricos comuns aos processos de transnacionalização. Na tentativa de compreender os desdobramentos destes fenômenos, mobilizaremos os conceitos de contracolonização e espaços circulares afro-lusófonos.
Câmera na mão, antropologia na cabeça: narrativa, ética e alteridade na produção de Epidemia de Cores
Authors: Saretta Mário Eugênio
Published: August 2020

O acesso facilitado a materiais de produção audiovisual tem oportunizado que antropólogos não especializados em antropologia visual sejam também realizadores de produções fílmicas, ocasionando uma crescente diversificação nos modos de fazer e nas obras resultantes. Considerando-se a fronteira por vezes tênue entre documentários cinematográficos e filmes que reivindicam caráter etnográfico, torna-se de grande relevância que esses realizadores compartilhem suas reflexões sobre estratégias narrativas, interações propiciadas pelo uso da câmera, dilemas éticos e estéticos envolvendo a produção e a circulação dos seus filmes. Neste artigo, abordarei tais aspectos centrado na elaboração de Epidemia de Cores, documentário realizado por mim em um hospital psiquiátrico no qual desenvolvi pesquisa etnográfica por longo período, que teve exibições em festivais etnográficos e no circuito cinematográfico. A longo do artigo, destacarei o protagonismo das materialidades, a interação a partir de fotografias feitas durante o período de filmagem e a maneira como influências teóricas parecem ter se expressado na tentativa de produzir afetos por meio da linguagem audiovisual.
Corporate ownership and control in an emerging market: A review
Authors: Nakpodia Franklin
Published: August 2020

The corporate ownership and control literature (Dai & Helfrich, 2016; Aminadav & Papaioannou, 2016) has reported inconsistent findings in varieties of capitalism. The limited scholarship in developing economies has contributed to this problem, as much of the research in this field focus on developed economies. Thus, this paper primarily reviews the corporate ownership and control literature in Africa’s largest economy (Nigeria) and identifies future research directions. The article commences by undertaking an overview of corporations in Nigeria, followed by a discussion of corporate ownership in the country. The paper then assesses the market for corporate control in Nigeria, unpacking the major issues that frustrate the protection of minority shareholders’ rights in the country. The paper concludes by evaluating the relationship between corporate ownership and firm performance to promote a better understanding of the prevalence of concentrated ownership in the country’s corporate environment. In summary, this article recaps past works, integrates contemporary thoughts, and proposes new scholarly and contextual directions that researchers could explore to deepen the existing knowledge about corporate ownership and control.
CONFLITOS DE USABILIDADE E O CRESCIMENTO DA OFERTA DE APARTAMENTOS COMPACTOS NA ÁREA INSULAR DE FLORIANÓPOLIS-SC
Authors: Vasconcelos Cláudia , Barth Fernando
Published: August 2020

Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados da pesquisa sobre a compacidade de habitações em edifícios na área insular de Florianópolis. O tratamento informacional ocorre de forma sistemática e padronizada, mediante o mapeamento da oferta regularizada de empreendimentos multifamiliares, trançando um panorama do fluxo de crescimento da categoria residencial compacta.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE ORIENTAÇÃO ESPACIAL, SOB A ÓTICA DA SEGURANÇA, EM UM AMBIENTE UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Rodeghiero Neto Italo , Zanchin Mayara , Brombilla Douglas De Castro , Franz Luis Antonio Dos Santos , Andrade Isabela Fernandes
Published: August 2020

O estudo visa avaliar as condições de orientação espacial, sob o ponto de vista da segurança, em um ambiente universitário. Assim, utilizou-se uma abordagem multimétodos, contendo pesquisa bibliográfica, visita exploratória, passeio acompanhado e questionário. Os resultados permitiram identificar desafios no local e sugerir recomendações de instalação de placas e sinalizações.
Reducing inpatient hypoglycemia in the general wards using real-time CGM- the Glucose Telemetry system: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Singh Lakshmi G. , Satyarengga Medha , Marcano Isabel , Scott William H. , Pinault Lillian F. , Feng Zhaoyong , Sorkin John D. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Spanakis Elias K.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE: Use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring
(RT-CGM) systems in the inpatient setting is considered investigational. The objective of this study was to
evaluate whether RT-CGM, using the glucose telemetry system (GTS), can prevent
hypoglycemia in the general wards.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a randomized
clinical trial, insulin-treated patients at high risk for hypoglycemia with
type 2 diabetes were recruited. Participants were randomized to RT-CGM/GTS or
point of care (POC) blood glucose testing. The primary outcome was difference in
inpatient hypoglycemia.

RESULTS: Seventy-two participants were included in this interim analysis,
36 in the RT-CGM/GTS group and 36 in the POC group. RT-CGM/GTS group experienced fewer
hypoglycemic events (<70 mg/dL) per patient (0.67 events per patient, 95% CI
0.34-1.30 versus 1.69 events per patient, 95% CI 1.11-2.58, p=0.024) and fewer clinically
significant hypoglycemic events (<54
mg/dL) per patient (0.08 events per patient, 95% CI 0.03-0.26 versus 0.75, 95%
CI 0.51-1.09, p=0.003). RT-CGM/GTS had lower percentage of time spent
below range <70 mg/dl (0.40%, 95% CI 0.18%-0.92% versus 1.88%, 95% CI
1.26%-2.81%, p=0.002) and <54 mg/dL
(0.05%, 95% CI 0.01%-0.43% versus 0.82%, 95% CI 0.47%-1.43%, p=0.017)
compared to POC group. No differences in nocturnal hypoglycemia, time in range 70-180 mg/dL, time above range >180-250 mg/dL and >250
mg/dL were found between the groups. RT-CGM/GTS
group had no prolonged hypoglycemia compared to 0.20 episodes
<54mg/dL and 0.40 episodes <70mg/dL per patient in the POC group.

CONCLUSIONS: RT-CGM/GTS
can decrease hypoglycemia among hospitalized high risk insulin treated patients
with type 2 diabetes.
Review on Multi Level Inverter Topologies and Control Strategies for Solar Power Conversion
Authors: B G Shivaleelavathi , Srikanth Chinmayi , Yatnalli Veeramma
Published: August 2020

Nowadays solar power has become an alternate method of power generation for standalone systems for both urban and rural electrification. The Power Electronics converters used for the power conversion should provide quality AC output to have near sinusoidal voltage. The inverter topology and the PWM technique of the inverter play a vital role in providing quality output. This paper reviews recent contribution to establish the current status and development of the technology to provide reader with an insightful review of multilevel inverters and its control strategy. A brief overview of Multi Level Inverters (MLI) topology and advantages of Cascaded H-Bridge Multi Level Inverter (CHBMLI) for solar power conversion is presented and the various control strategies for CHBMLI are discussed with view point of quality output.  Among the different PWM techniques discussed, the Elliptical Multi Carrier PWM (EMC PWM) control strategy is the new modulation technique which successfully improves the DC bus utilization without over-modulation and without adding third harmonic to fundamental frequency. Also, the technique is successful in reducing the %THD at the output voltage. The control strategy is simple even with increased   level of output voltage, which is not possible in SVPWM technique.  Hence, the EMC PWM technique is having better performance when compared to Multi Carrier PWM (MCPWM) technique, Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) technique and Third Harmonic Injection PWM (THIPWM) technique.
PEMBELAJARAN INTERATIF BAHASA ARAB BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Maita Idria , Zarnelly Zarnelly , Adawiyah Arabiatul
Published: August 2020

Pemanfaatan dan dukungan perangkat teknologi dalam proses pembelajaran di era digital ini sangat dibutuhkan. Pada saat ini, kebanyakan mahasiswa Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sultan Syarif Kasim (SUSKA) Riau sudah memilik perangkat smartphone. Pusat Pengembangan Bahasa UIN SUSKA Riau saat ini selalu mengembangkan model kurikulum Bahasa Arab yang interaktif dan komunikatif serta strategi pembelajaran yang tepat sasaran, sehingga mahasiswa tertarik dan mudah dalam mempelajarinya. Namun tanpa dukungan media teknologi dan perangkat lunak aplikasi yang interaktif, maka akan membuat minat mahasiswa kurang semangat dalam mempelajari Bahasa Arab. Hal ini tidak bisa dipungkiri, karena kehadiran perangkat smartphone telah membuat mahasiswa tidak kreatif dalam belajar. Maka kehadiran perangkat lunak aplikasi pembelajaran Bahasa Arab yang interaktif yang bebasiskan Android, diharapkan nantinya dapat membuat mahasiswa lebih semangat dan mandiri dalam mempelajari Bahasa Arab, karena aplikasi ini mudah diakses dan digunakan pada smartphone yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa. Disamping itu, perangkat lunak aplikasi ini juga membantu kemudahan dan menunjang pencapaian target pembelajaran Bahasa Arab yang dikelola oleh Pusat Pengembangan Bahasa UIN SUSKA Riau. Berdasarkan penjelasan diatas, maka kehadiran perangkat lunak Aplikasi yang memudahkan dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab secara interaktif, yang dapat diakses dan dijalankan di smartphone sangat dibutuhkan saat ini di Pusat Pengembangan Bahasa UIN SUSKA Riau. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini akan dirancang dan dibangun sebuah aplikasi pembelajaran interaktif Bahasa Arab berbasiskan Android.