bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1280 – Neuroticism And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Of Bosnia-herzegovina Adolescents From Three Different Regions After The 1992–1995 War
Authors: Hasanović M.
Published: July 2013

Aim

To estimate the neuroticism and its relations towards psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH) adolescents after the war 1992-1995.

Methods

The sample of 217 pupils (108 females and 109 males) aged 15.1±2.1 years divided in three groups from: Srebrenica (n= 69), Zvornik (n= 79), and Bijeljina (n= 69), who were exposed to the war catastrophes in the 1992-1995 war and became refugees and internally displaced persons during and after the war, were assessed on war traumatic events, PTSD presence, neuroticism, and its’ associations. Data collection took place in June 1999 in the adolescents’ schools, with the ethical aproval.

Results

Srebrenica pupils were significantly more introverted. The prevalence of PTSD statistically significantly differed between groups: Srebrenica (73.9%), Zvornik (60.8%) and Bijeljina (47.6%)(Chi-square=9.854, df=2, p= 0.007). The PTSD prevalence, PTSD symptoms’ and social dysfunction were the most severe in Srebrenica, than in Zvornik and finally in Bijeljina group. In Srebrenica group neuroticism significantly associated with PTSD cluster symptoms and problems in social functioning. Adolescents with PTSD, in all three groups and in whole sample, were more nervous. Los of father significantly increased introversion of adolescents in all three groups, and decreased adolescent's sociability in Zvornik and Bijeljina.

Conclusions

Bosnia-Herzegovina refugee and internally displaced adolescents, suffer very frequently from PTSD 3.5 years after war. PTSD prevalence is highly reported and significantly differed between groups. PTSD associated positively with neuroticism and introversion. Los of father significantly increased adolescents’ introversion in all three groups, and it decreased adolescent's sociability in Zvornik and Bijeljina.
1281 – Association Between Tobacco Smoking And Bipolar Affective Disorder: Clinical, Epidemiological, Cross-sectional, Retrospective Study In Outpatients
Authors: Kreinin A. , Novitski D. , Rabinowitz D. , Weizman A. , Grinshpoon A.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

Although high rates of smoking have been reported among psychiatric patients, only a few studies examined the prevalence of smoking in bipolar disorder, and findings are inconsistent. We investigated smoking among bipolar patients.

Methods

We examined the prevalence of smoking in of 102 patients that met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for bipolar I disorder in Israel and evaluated the relationship between smoking and demographic and clinical data.

Results

Fifty-five of the bipolar patients (53.9%) smoked, with a rate that is 2.36 times higher than among the general population in Israel (22.8%). Significant relationships were revealed between smoking and lifetime history of alcohol dependence/abuse (P = .02), between smoking and history of drug use (P ≤ .01), and between smoking and age of illness onset (P = .04).

Limitations

The cross-sectional nature of the study and the relatively small sample size preclude generalization of the findings. Nicotine levels were not measured; thus, the information regarding smoking was subjective.

Conclusions

Bipolar patients smoke more than the general population. Bipolar patients that are moderate or heavy smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to consume alcohol and abuse psychoactive substances. Contrary to findings of previous studies, no association was found between clinical variables of bipolar patients and smoking.
1298 – Analysis Of Sexual Dysfunctions In Patients With Psoriasis Compared With Patients With Other Chronic Dermatological Diseases
Authors: Pyrkosz K. , Chudy N. , Kosteczko K. , Bednarz A. , Krysta K. , Krupka-Matuszczyk I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Psoriasis is a chronic disease with major importance for society. The extent of impaired functioning of patients with psoriasis is comparable with the extent of impairment of patients with cancer or heart disease. Patients with this illness show the highest intensification of various psychiatric disorders among patients suffering from dermatological diseases.

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among patients with psoriasis compared with patients with other chronic dermatological diseases. An attempt to link sexual dysfunction with selected factors.

Methods

The study included 32 patients diagnosed with psoriasis. A questionnaire, consisting of four parts, has been used: I- used for the assessment of dermatological condition of patient, II - Questionnaire for the valuation of the indicator of the impact of skin conditions on quality of life (DLQI), III - Beck Scale - for the assessment of depression (BDI), IV - Mell-Krat Scale for the assessment of sexual disorders. Part I has been filled by the interviewer, other - by the tested person independently. The results were compared with the control group (people suffering from other chronic dermatological diseases), matched in terms of sex and age.

Results

None of the persons belonging to the control or tested group has declared taking advice from a sexologist, despite the presence of sexual dysfunction in both groups (identified by Mell-Krat scale).

Conclusions

The above findings are results of a pilot study and it is needed to confirm them in a larger group of patients.
1300 – Depressive Symptoms In Schizophrenia
Authors: Sabic E. , Idrizi E. , Zahiragic A. , Cesir A. , Halilovic I. , Dzubur Kulenovic A. , Kucukalic A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Depressive symptoms in schizophrenia are important not only because they contribute significantly to the suffering caused by the illness but also because they exacerbate deficits in psycho social functioning and commonly precede attempted and completed suicide.

Objectives

It is important to define and clinically assess such symptoms accurately as there is now increasing evidence that they can be treated successfully.

Aims

The authors assessed the presence and severity of depressive symptoms, as well as their associations with other clinical and socio-demographic measures, in a group of patients with schizophrenia, who were not in a major depressive episode or diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. And also possible differences in frequency of depressive symptoms in inpatient and outpatient group.

Methods

Thirty adult inpatients with schizophrenia and 30 comparison subject with schizophrenia in outpatient treatment were studied. Depressive symptoms were rated primarily with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. M.I.N.I. Screen and M.I.N.I were used to screen out other disorders and confirm the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Socio-demographic questionnaire that was used was designed specifically for this study.

Results

Our results indicate significant presence of depressive symptoms in all study subjects. Mean value of total HAM-D score for the whole sample was 15,63±7,724, corresponding to mild depression. Average total score was significantly higher in the subgroup of inpatients (18.97±6,636) compared with (12,3±7,373) in outpatients.

Conclusions

The results indicate significant presence of depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. This should probably be reflected in guidelines for evaluation and treatment of these patients.
1301 – Structural And Functional Imaging Studies In Chronic Cannabis Users: a Systematic Review Of Adolescent And Adult Findings
Authors: Batalla A. , Bhattachayyria S. , Yucel M. , Fusar-Poli P. , Crippa J.A. , Nogué S. , Torrens M. , Pujol J. , Farré M. , Martín-Santos R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The growing concern about cannabis use, the most used illicit drug worldwide, has led to an increase in the number of cannabis studies using neuroimaging techniques to determine its effect on brain structure and function.

Aims

We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence of the impact of chronic cannabis use on brain structure and function in adults and adolescents.

Methods

Papers published until August 2012 were included from EMBASE, Medline, PubMed and LILACS databases following a comprehensive search strategy and pre-determined set of criteria for article selection. Only neuroimaging studies involving chronic cannabis users with a matched control group were considered.

Results

One hundred and forty-two studies were identified, of which 43 met the established criteria. Eight studies were in adolescent population. Neuroimaging studies provide evidence of morphological brain alterations in both population groups, particularly in the medial temporal and frontal cortices, as well as the cerebellum. These effects may be related to the amount of cannabis exposure. Functional neuroimaging studies suggest different patterns of resting global and brain activity during the performance of several cognitive tasks also in both groups, which may indicate compensatory effects in response to chronic cannabis exposure. The results pointed out methodological limitations among studies and high heterogeneity in the findings.

Conclusion

Chronic cannabis use may alter brain structure and function in adult and adolescent population. Further studies should consider the use of convergent and multimodal methodology, prospective large samples involving adolescent to adulthood subjects, and data-sharing initiatives. Grants: PNSD/2011/050, PNSD2006/101, SGR2009/1435.
1303 – Depression, Anxiety And Multiple Sclerosis-serbian Experience
Authors: Miljatovic A.M.
Published: July 2013

It is well known that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have frequently affective and anxiety spectrum disorders.The aim of our study was to assesss the links between anxious and depressive symptoms on one hand and the quality of life (QOL) and daily activities and abilities on the other, in patients diagnosed with MS.

We measured the intensity of depression using HAMD-17 item., and the intensity of anxiety using HAM-A scale. We also measured the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score for each patient.

Methods

Our batch was composed of 98 patients diagnosed with different forms of multiple sclerosis. The patients with relapsing remitting MS were free of acute neurological deficits during the examination. For every patient we performed neurological examination (EDSS) and the assessment of depression, of anxiety, of daily activities (activities of daily living-ADL and instrumental activities of daily living-IADL) and of the quality of life-score and grade (QOL score and QOL grade).

Results

First we found strong correlations between neurological deficit (measured by EDSS) and HAM-A, HAM-D, ADL, IADL,QOL score and QOL grade (using Pearson method: p= 0.0001 for each. For different levels of EDSS score we tried to correlate HAM-A and HAm-D with ADL, IADL, QOL (score and grade). The correlations were all valid with a stronger connection in the groups with a higher EDSS score.

Conclusions

Anxiety and depression levels grow together with the EDSS score. Anxiety and depression spectrums are interrelated by increasing each other;s level regardless of MS severity.
1304 – Histochemical Study Of Substance Cholecystokinin Immunoreactive Neurons In The Cortex Of Human Inferion Parietal Lobule And Their Importance In The Clinic
Authors: Alexopoulos C.G. , Puskas L. , Sazdanovic M. , Sazdanovic P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Cholecystocinine is a neuropeptide which function in cortex has not yet clarified, although its relation with some psychic disorders has been noticed.

Aim

The aim of this study was a precise examination of morphology and typography of neurons which contain cholecytocinine in human cortex of inferior parietal lobule.

Material and methods

There were six human brains on which we did the immunocystochemical research of shape and laminar distribution of cholecystocinine immunoreactive neurons on serial sections of supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus. Morphological analysis of neurons whicha are immunoreactive to cholecystocinine is done on frozen sections using avidin- biotin technique, by antibody to cholecystocinine diluted in proportion 1:6000 using diamine-benzedine.

Results

Neurons that are immunorective to cholecystocinine were found in the first three layers of cortex inferior parietal lobule, and their densest concentration was in the 2nd and 3rd layer. The following types of neurons were found: bipolar neurons, then its fusiform subtype, Cajal-Retzius neurons (in the 1st layer), reverse pyramidal (triangular) and unipolar neurons. The diameters of some types of neurons were from 10 to 28 μm, and the diameters of dendritic arborization were from 80-201 μm.

Conclusion

Regarding the numerous clinical researches, in which it has clearly been evinced about the role of cholecystokinine in pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and according to the findings of the great number of neurons, which are immunoreactive to cholecystokinine in cortex of inferior parietal lobule, it is suggested that cholecystokinine has a significant role in pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
1305 – Short-term Intervention Program For In-patient Setting Targeting To Promote Everyday Functions And Participation In Daily Life
Authors: Lipskaya-Velikovsky L. , Krupa T. , Kotler M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

People with mental health conditions are at a high risk to experience occupational restrictions. Involvement in meaningful occupations contributes to health and well-being and appears to be an important component of recovery from mental illness. Today, various services are offered in hospitals; however, there is little evidence for occupation-oriented interventions for in-patient settings.

Objectives

Development and initial establishment of a short-term intervention program for in-patient setting, targeting to promote everyday functions and participation in daily life of people who experience restrictions in occupational patterns due to mental health conditions.

Aims

Investigate initial intervention effectiveness for currently admitted people with psychosis.

Methods

The intervention protocol was developed based on theoretical and practical background, participants’ feedback and fidelity registration. Initial intervention effectiveness was evaluated using a small subject design (N= 10). The participants were approached during hospitalization period. They completed the evaluation battery at a base-line, participated in the intervention program as long as they were hospitalized and were re-evaluated at the end of the program.

Results

After development of the intervention protocol with adequate documentation, the program was found to be contributing to the following parameters: number of participated occupations, enjoyment in occupation participation, functional capacity, functioning and schizophrenia symptoms (0.11< ES< 0.36).

Conclusion

The pilot study showed that the occupational issues may be approached with favourable results already during hospitalization. The future research should be directed toward further establishment of the occupation-oriented interventions in order to promote recovery and well-being of people with schizophrenia.
1306 – The Comparison Of β-endorphin And Cgrp Levels In Patients With Severe Symptoms Of Schizophrenia And In Stable Mental State After Treatment
Authors: Urban-Kowalczyk M. , Śmigielski J. , Rabe-Jabłońska J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Links between endorphins and dopaminergic transmission have not been fully explored in schizophrenia.

Objectives

Both endorphins excess and deficiency were postulated in schizophrenia. CGRP is probably involved in dopaminergic transmission.

Aims

Evaluation of β-endorphin and CGRP blood concentrations before and after treatment of severe schizophrenia.

Methods

70 patients treated with various antipsychotics, with severe symptoms of schizophrenia (51 with positive symptoms, 19 with negative symptoms), 15 first degree relatives and 44 healthy controls were included to the study. β-endorphin and CGRP blood concentrations were measured in severe schizophrenia and in stable mental state. The results were compared with relatives and controls.

Results

β-endorphin and CGRP concentrations in patients with negative symptoms were higher than in relatives and controls. β-endorphin levels in patients with positive symptoms were lower than in patients with negative symptoms (p< 0,000005) and controls (p< 0,0006). No significant changes in CGRP concentration were found in patients samples. CGRP levels in these samples were independent of treatment but they were significantly higher than in relatives and controls. After the treatment β-endorphin levels decreased in patients with negative symptoms (p< 0.0001) and increased in patients with positive symptoms (p< 0,000002). No differences in β-endorphin concentration between patients in stable mental state, relatives and controls were found.

Conclusions

Effective antipsychotic treatment results in “normalization” of β-endorphin level. Specific changes in β-endorphin concentration could be involved in dopaminergic transmission and related to some symptoms of schizophrenia.
1309 – Mirror Neurons, Verbalization Filter And Biofeedback
Authors: Enatescu V. , Enatescu V.R.
Published: July 2013

In previous papers we described the verbalization filter as an integronic informational level of psychic model conceived by us. Its particularity consists in awareness of logical informational process, not reflected by verbalization or figurative representation. Filter verbalization generates the “silent speech” and eidetic process of psychic.

The localization of mirror neurons in the proximity of the two centers of language could confirm their role in the learning and development of speech and implicitly of the thought process based on words or on inner speech.

Verbalization filter involves three feedback loops. First loop is in part an extern loop that encompasses pronunciation, the sonorous model and auditory reception of words.

Closing of this first loop during the first years of childhood coincides with gradually internalize of this circuit between subliminal motor commands and direct perception from periphery screen of sounds that subject wants to pronounce, hence forming the second loop.

The third loop develops once with maturity and is established by direct connection between motor programs and sensory programs of the same word. This phenomenon is certainly based on mirror neurons function. Thus it could be explain why even without periphery the filter can continue to work for a while.

Including of noosphera level in our model of psychic generates other debates about the role of mirror neurons. The generous idea regarding the bio-psycho-social model, conceived and published by Engel, was anticipatory described by our model of informational levels of psychic.
1319 – Psychiatric Legacy Of Chernobyl: Fukushima Projections
Authors: Loganovsky K.N. , Loganovskaja T.K.
Published: July 2013

Background

Psychiatric legacy of the Chernobyl disaster (April 26, 1986, Ukraine) remains global burden for the society till now, however its causes are at issue. The Great East Japan Earthquake with trio impact (earthquake, tsunami and radiation accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, March 11, 2011) provides the new challenges to emergency psychiatry.

Goal

Implementation of the Chernobyl disaster psychiatric lessons into the mental health care in Fukushima.

Methods

Analysis of own studies in interaction with current evidences on cerebral radiation effects.

Results

Stress-related (somatoform, anxiety, PTSD) disorders, depression and suicides, cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular pathology, and alcohol abuse are the main neuropsychiatric aftermath in exposed adults. Chernobyl survivors exposed at the brain development period (in utero and 0-1 years at the accident) have somatoform disorders, emotional and behavioural disorders, including attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD), cognitive impairments, paroxysmal disorders, and congenital abnormalities. Is there an increased risk of epilepsy, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative diseases, and multiply sclerosis among exposed individuals should be explored in further international studies.

Conclusions

Psychiatric aftermath of Fukushima will be similar to the Chernobyl disaster one. Recommendations include: annual general medical and neuropsychiatric examinations, early diagnostic and treatment of physical and mental problems, mother’s mental health care, psychological care for children and their parents, individual relevant educational programs, never separate children from parents and relatives, radiation risk perception management. There is a strong necessity to develop and implement the international mental health care system for the survivors of radiation accidents.
1321 – Age-assosiated Dynamics Of The Structural Patterns Of Gender
Authors: Kocharian O. , Gryganska I.
Published: July 2013

Gender functioning is based on structural specifics in gender-role personality organization. Different gender-role patterns were described determining masculinity (M) and femininity (F) specific relations. Androgyny pattern shows basis for personality full- grown functioning.

Discrepancies in androgyny understanding:

1)

level-sensitive - high parameters and masculinity;

2)

structural - masculinity and femininity independence. No methodology for androgyny structural diagnosis.

Tasks:

1)

to reveal age-associated mechanism in gender-role patterns change;

2)

to develop structural pattern diagnosis methodology.

Aims

To show gender-role pattern age-specificity.

Methods

1)

S. Bem questionnaire

2)

gender-role A.B. Heilbrun ACL-scale

3)

above mentioned scale modified by A. Kocharian

Results

Sex-linked dynamics of gender-role pattern formation in ontogenesis has been revealed. Continual-alternative pattern is normal for boys up to 15-16-year age when M and F exclude one another. Correct passage of masculine filters ensures boy’s “breakaway” from “almighty mother” and leads in adolescence to “male chauvinism” phenomenon that performs healthy development. Similar aged girls show continual-adjunctive pattern with no M and F exclusion. Masculinity gives girl certain advantages and normally doesn’t exclude femininity features generation. Since 15-16-year age both sexes demonstrate androgyny pattern formation. This is regular for population of Ukraine while deviations predispose to problems in partner communication.

The developed methodology allows to evaluate actual type of gender-role personality pattern.

Conclusions

1)

age-associated dynamics of structural gender-role personality patterns formation exists, deviations are serious prerequisites for partner communication problems;

2)

this dynamics is sex-linked;

3)

special developed psychometric scale allows to evaluate actual type of gender-role personality pattern.
1334 – Age Of Onset And Degrees Of Cognitive Deficit In Children And Adolescents With Endogenous Mental Disorders
Authors: Zvereva N. , Khromov A. , Koval-Zaitsev A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Cognitive deficit in endogenous mental disorders in children and adolescents is studied less than in adults, particularly age of onset influence. There is very few data about the connection between degree of cognitive deficit and age of psychiatric illness onset in children and adolescents. It’s difficult to determine the specificity of cognitive deficits depending on the clinical form of endogenous mental disorders (schizophrenia).

Objectives

93 patients (11.8 ± 2.3 years) with childhood schizophrenia (F20.8, 26 patients), schizotypical disorders (F21, 59 patients), unspecified schizophrenia (F2x.x, 8 patients). We used adaptation of ICD-10 for RF.

Aims

Assessment of degree of cognitive deficit relative to age of onset and diagnosis.

Methods

Tests assessing cognitive processes: memory, attention, thinking. Z-scales were used for estimation of cognitive deficit.

Results

Age of onset was divided into three periods: early, preschool and school age. The least degree of all cognitive functions occurs in patients with school age of onset. F20.8 and F2x.x with early and preschool age of onset have severe thinking deficit.

F21 demonstrates decreasing of cognitive deficit degrees in all functions with increasing of age of onset. Degree of cognitive deficit is connected with clinical diagnosis. Patients with F20.8 have strong deficit in all cognitive functions (memory, attention, thinking). F21 patients demonstrate a variety of cognitive deficit degrees including age norm outstrip. F2x.x patients keep intermediate position.

Conclusions

Age of onset might be important in determination of degrees of cognitive deficit. The last depends on diagnosis, age of onset & kind of cognitive process.
1336 – Early Metabolic Side Effects As Predictors Of Antipsychotic Treatment Response: a 2-month Prospective Study
Authors: Sharma E. , Venkatasubramanian G. , Varambally S. , Sivakumar P.T. , Gangadhar B.N. , Subbakrishna D.K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Metabolic side-effects of antipsychotics increase morbidity and non-compliance rates. Interestingly, preliminary evidence suggests that metabolic side-effects correlate with response to antipsychotic treatment. Few studies have examined the nature of this association in a prospective study design. We conducted an exploratory, naturalistic, prospective, trans- diagnostic study to examine this association.

Objective

To study the relation between metabolic side-effects and clinical improvement with antipsychotics, in psychotic illnesses [non-affective psychoses and mania-1st episode].

Methods

100 (84 drug-free for at least one month) patients with psychosis initiated on antipsychotic treatment alone (65% on risperidone) were assessed on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), visual analogue scale for appetite, anthropometric measurements (weight, waist circumference, body mass index), and serum lipid and glucose profiles at baseline, 2-4 weeks (n = 71) and 8-12weeks (n = 39).

Results

Subjects who dropped out at first/second follow-ups did not differ from those who followed-up, in age, sex, illness duration and BPRS scores. On forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, early (2-4weeks) increase in appetite and triglyceride levels (R2 = 0.257; p = 0.003) together predicted 26% variance in treatment response (BPRS score reduction) at first follow-up. At second follow-up 16% of variance in treatment response was predicted by early (2-4 weeks) increase in triglyceride levels (R2 = 0.169; p = 0.009) alone.

Conclusions

Early appetite and triglyceride changes predicted antipsychotic treatment response. Future research should

(a)

examine neural mechanisms that operate in both appetite regulation and antipsychotic action to further the understanding of psychosis and its treatment, and

(b)

identify early markers of treatment response
1339 – Sh-sy5y/cmc, a New Screening Method Of Antipsychotic Chinese Herbal Active Ingredients
Authors: Zhang Y. , Shi J. , Liu F. , Xu T. , Cao Y.
Published: July 2013

We describe an analytical method of SH-SY5Y cell membrane chromatography (SH-SY5Y/CMC) for recognition, separation and identification of active components from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). SH-SY5Y cells by means of culture with SH-SY5Y cell lines were used for preparation of the stationary phase in the CMC model. Retention components by the SH- SY5Y/CMC model were collected and active components then analyzed by SH-SY5Y/CMC under the optimized conditions. After investigating the suitability and reliability of the SH-SY5Y /CMC method using risperidone, sertraline and clozapine as standard compounds, this method was applied in screening active components from the extracts of TCMs such as Radix Gentianae, Radix Bupleuri, stir-baked semen ziziphi spinosae, rehmannia dride rhizome, uncaria rhynchophylla. Retention components from the extracts in the SH-SY5Y/CMC model were gentiopicrin and rosmarinci acid identified by the GC/MS method. In vitro pharmacological trials indicated that gentiopicrin and rosmarinci acid could concentration dependently protect the SH-SY5Y pre-treated by H2O2 (P < 0.05). The SH-SY5Y/CMC method is an effective screening system that can rapidly detect target components from a complex sample for antipsychotic candidate drug.
1340 – The Interaction Of Catechol-o-methyltransferase Gene With Environmental Factors In Contribution To Relapse Of Heroin Dependence Patients In China
Authors: Li Z.B. , Zhao M. , Yu S.Y. , Cui D.H. , Du J. , Jiang H.F. , Zhao Y. , Chen H. , Zhong N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Previous studies have shown that the polymorphisms in COMT gene and environmental factors affect the risk of drug dependence, but there’s no research shown in relapse of heroin dependence, and the mechanism underlying remains uncertain.

Objective

Examine the interaction between allelic variants of the catechol-O- methlytransferase (COMT) gene and environmental factors (encountering drug-related environmental situations, social support) in contribution to relapse in heroin dependence.

Aims

Construct the gene-environment interaction model in order to understand the mechanism for relapse in heroin dependence.

Methods

The 249 heroin dependent subjects who followed up at one year after abstinent by using the natural history interview (NHI), social support rateing Scale (SSRS), and other questionnaires were genotyped for eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on the COMT gene. General Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR) was used to construct the gene-environment interaction model which impacting relapse in heroin dependence.

Results

The relapse group had higher frequencies of encountering drug-related environment (EDE) and G allele and GG genotype frequencies on COMT gene rs4680 locus and less Social Support Scale scores than that in the abstinence group. Logistic regression analysis showed that encountering more drug-related environment and GG genotype carriers were the risk factors for relapse in heroin dependence. GMDR analysis showed that the COMT gene was interact with the frequency of EDE and social support level to impact the relapse in heroin dependence.

Conclusions

Gene-environment interaction between COMT gene and the frequency of EDE and social support were related to heroin dependence relapse.
1343 – RTMS Of The Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Achieves Robust And Durable Improvements In Refractory Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Authors: Downar J. , Bakker N. , Dunlop K. , Salomons T. , Geraci J. , Giacobbe P. , Colton P. , Olmsted M. , Woodside B.
Published: July 2013

Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) often show minimal response to either pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is being explored as a new treatment for OCD. rTMS targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has not shown robust efficacy; however, neuroimaging studies of OCD have shown more consistent volumetric grey matter reductions along the medial rather than the lateral prefrontal cortex, specifically in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC). rTMS targeting medial motor areas such as the supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA has shown some efficacy in OCD. However, the DMPFC proper, just anterior to the pre-SMA, has not previously been targeted. We have previously used a novel rTMS technique to target DMPFC with robust effects in refractory depression. Here we apply this technique in an open-label series of 10 consecutive patients with refractory OCD. Under MRI-guidance, patients received bilateral DMPFC-rTMS at 10 Hz, 120% resting motor threshold, 6000 pulses per day for 20 - 30 sessions over 4-6 weeks. Robust improvements were achieved, with YBOCS scores dropping by more than half in the large majority of cases and full remission achieved in several cases. Scores continued dropping after treatment in some cases, suggesting durable improvements in capacity to suppress intrusive thoughts and behaviours. Improvements were durable at 3-6 months. Pre- and post-treatment functional MRI revealed changes in resting-state connectivity to DMPFC following treatment. A sham-controlled trial may be warranted as a next step. If successful, DMPFC-rTMS may represent a new, effective therapeutic option in refractory OCD.
1356 – Early Attrition And Remission Outcomes Of Depression: An 18-month Nationwide Population-based Study
Authors: Liu S.-K. , Pan Y.-R. , Yeh L.-L.
Published: July 2013

Background

Attrition can pose significant barriers to treatment success of depression; its contributing factors and impacts on treatment outcome need further clarification. Current study aimed to describe patterns of treatment attrition, to examine associated demographic and clinical determinants and to test whether and how attrition affects outcome of depression in a national cohort of adults treated for depression.

Material and methods

All adult patients prescribed with antidepressants for depression (n=216,557) in 2003 were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Based on individuals’ clinical visit and antidepressant prescription, three attrition types, i.e., non-attrition, returning attrition and non-returning attrition, and their demographic/disease characteristics were identified. The relationships between attrition type and remission outcome over an 18-month follow-up period were further explored.

Results

Factors pertaining to disease characteristics (severity of depression, comorbidities, painful physical symptoms and past treatment history) and clinical practice (physician specialty and choice of antidepressants) were associated with attrition and remission outcome at 18-month follow-up. Patients remaining in treatment within the first three months were associated with higher odds of having sustained remission (OR=1.21; 99% CI: 1.16, 1.27) and lower odds of having relapses/recurrences (OR=0.20; 99% CI: 0.19, 0.21) over the 18-month period, compared to those returning attriters.

Conclusions

Early attrition has significant negative impacts on antidepressant treatment outcome; it hence needs to be minimized through shared decision-making, exchange of treatment preferences and proper patient-physician communication. Based on current understanding, further efforts to reduce early attrition are highly warranted.
1360 – Long Acting Second Generation Antipsychotic Therapy, From Compliance To Improving Quality Of Life: The Florence Depot Clinic Preliminary Report
Authors: Talamba G. , Arcabasso S. , Spadafora M. , Ballerini A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Long acting injectable “depot” preparations of antipsychotic medications have been used as an alternative to oral medication therapy for patients with low adherence to therapy. Nowadays the use of long acting second generation antipsychotic therapy is focused on improving quality of life and patients’ subjective experience of drug therapy.

Objectives and aims

To evaluate the impact of long acting second generation antipsychotic therapy on patients’ psychopathology, quality of life, subjective experience of drug and cognitive performance.

Methods

20 adult male and female outpatients aged 21-53 attending the Psychiatric Unit of the University of Florence under therapy with oral second generation antipsychotics were recruited and were switched to long acting second generation antipsychotics (Zypadhera, Risperdal depot and Xeplion). Patients were assessed by means of Psychometric Tests, Neurocognitive Tests and blood tests at recruitment, after 6 months and after 12 months.

Results

A first clinical evaluation is indicating an improvement in quality of life especially regarding patients’ subjective experience of drug and a decrease of side effects like sedation and blunted affect. Furthermore, preliminary data show a reduction of bodyweight in patients who initially gained weight during oral antipsychotic therapy.

Conclusions

Long acting second generation antipsychotic therapy seems to be a valid alternative in patients who have been stabilized on oral antipsychotics, since it has a similar efficacy and furthermore it offers a better quality of life by reducing side effects of oral antipsycotics.
1361 – Online Screening And Outcome Assessment In Mental Health: Patient Satisfaction And Psychiatrists Needs
Authors: Hidalgo Mazzei D. , Mateu Mullor A. , Undurraga Fourcade J. , Vieta E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Standardized scales are a helpful and objective way to measure outcomes in clinical practice. However,previous surveys have revealed that only a small percentage of psychiatrists use them in clinical practice. Time-saving and cost-efficient tools are needed for daily clinical practice. A few successful experiences using online resources have been recently described and have been positively evaluated by patients. Still,it is an underdeveloped resource.

Objectives

1.

1.Evaluate psychiatrist’s perception regarding use of scales in Spanish clinical practice facilities.

2.

2.Measure patient satisfaction using online tools.

Aims

Evaluate the need and potential use of online tools in routine clinical practice.

Methods

We conducted a survey among psychiatrists working in local clinical facilities to evaluate use of scales in daily clinical practice and their perception on the subject. We conducted a survey among patients who have used experimental online tools to evaluate their satisfaction with this method.

Results

We wrote an email to 54 psychiatrists asking to answer an online-survey about the subject. 47 psychiatrists answered.Among them, only 40% use them always or frequently. 47% of them felt limited resources and time to administer as a difficulty to use scales. Furthermore, 34% suggested that online implementation could be helpful. 24 patients answered the satisfaction survey. 80% of them found online scales easier and more comfortable while 63% found them faster than traditional methods.

Conclusions

Scales are a useful and objective way to follow-up patients and evaluate clinical outcomes. However, psychiatrists find difficulties to use them in clinical practice, mainly by limited resources and time. Online implementation of scales is perceived as a potentially helpful and efficient tool for both psychiatrists and patients.
1362 – Manic Episode Induced By Consumption Of Korean Ginseng (panax Schinsen)
Authors: Vera-Barrios E. , Hernandez-Dorta A. , Suarez-Benitez N. , Diaz-Marrero G. , Gonzalez-Gonzalez I.
Published: July 2013

Background

It is well known the relationship of manic episode with the consumption of different drugs organic diseases, and psychiatric drugs, such as mood stabilizers and antidepressants. There are several commonly used substances, mainly psychostimulant, potentially inducing psychiatric pathology.

Objective

To study other possible causes of substance-induced manic episode.

Method

We report a case of manic episode with psychotic symptoms without previous psychiatric background, after consumption of Korean Ginseng.

Results and conclusions

It is necessary to scrutinize other possible substances, not usually described in the literature related to the onset of psychiatric illness, being necessary to ask about this use during the clinical interview.
1368 – Study On Validity And Reliability Of The Chinese Version Of Parenting Styles And Dimensions Questionnaire (psdq)
Authors: Fu Y. , Hou X. , Meng H. , Qiu T. , Qin Q. , Li T.
Published: July 2013

Objective

To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of PSDQ Parenting Styles And Dimensions Questionnaire, PSDQ.

Methods

443 parents whose children aged 6 to 16 who lived in Chongqing were selected. 52 of them were retested 6 weeks later in order to assess the retest reliability. Determination of reliability include:internal consistency: to calculate Cronbach coefficient; coefficient of retest reliability: to calculate Person correlation of results of the results in every subscale in twice measurements of 52 parents. Determination of validity: content validity, structural validity, discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analysis.

Results

For each subscale and factor, the values of kappa for inter - rater reliability were 0.625 to 0.884 (p < 0. 05); retest reliability were 0.537 to 0.832 (p < 0. 05) ; The scores of the subscale in the PSDQ were correlated with each factor significantly (coefficient of correlation: 0.732 to 0.951,p < 0. 05) and the coefficient of correlation is more than those between each factor of this subscale(coefficient of correlation: 0.382-0.834,p < 0. 05). Maker of confirmatory factor analysis show met the criteria standard for adequacy of fit. CMIN/df: 2.218-3.745; TLI: 0.808-0.920; RMSEA: 0.052-0.079; MECVI of default model is very close to that of saturated model, most of proliferation index are more than 0.8.

Conclusion

Parenting Styles And Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) has good reliability and validity, in line with requirements of Psychometric is useful as a tool to evaluate the parenting styles from parents.
1372 – Facebook Addiction In Mexico: a Case Report
Authors: Espinoza I. , Pezoa R.
Published: July 2013

We evaluated a female patient, without previus psychyatric in our hospital wich actual problem was her facebook addiction. We applicated The Bergen Facebook Scale (BFAS) comprises six statements which are meant to be answered with

(1)

Very rarely

(2)

Rarely

(3)

Sometimes

(4)

Often, and

(5)

Very Often.

Answering with a 4 or above for four or more of the following statements may suggest an addiction to Facebook. She got and initial score 88. We started pharmacology treatment an CBT. This investigation is a case report. Facebook Addiction is a type of new mental problem at our times.
1375 – Social Distance Towards People With Mental Illness And Hiv-aids Among Nigerian Secondary School Students: a Comparative Study
Authors: Adeosun I. , Ogun O. , Bello A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Stigma is a formidable barrier to the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with mental illness or HIV-AIDS, even among young persons. In contrast with HIV-AIDS, efforts by Nigerian policy makers to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness are virtually non-existent. Information on the attitude of school children towards affected individuals is essential in placing the need to combat the stigma associated with these disorders in the right perspective.

Objectives/aim

This study determined the social distance of a sample of secondary school students in Nigeria towards individuals with mental illness, as compared with those with HIV-AIDS.

Method

A cross-sectional comparative survey. Secondary school students (n=170) in Lagos, Nigeria completed the modified Borgadus Social distance Scale.

Results

The respondents were more likely to be socially distant from patients with mental illness than those with HIV/AIDS (p< 0.001, 95% CI, 2.56-8.24). About seven out of ten (71.8%) and 20.6% of the participants would be afraid to have a conversation with someone who has mental illness and HIV-AIDS respectively (p< 0.001). Those unwilling to be in the same classroom with a student that has mental illness and HIV/AIDS were 74.7% and 17.6% respectively (p< 0.001). Less than a tenth (9.4%) could maintain friendship with someone who has mental illness.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that secondary school students in Nigeria desire a higher level of social distance from individuals with mental illness than those with HIV-AIDS. Interventions targeted at reducing the stigma associated with mental illness among school children deserve priority attention.
1377 – Guilt And Shame In Psychiatry: Phenomenological And Psychopathological Enquire
Authors: Madeira L.A. , Figueira M.L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Guilt and Shame have been extensively studied and used as mechanisms for explaining many psychological phenomena. They are frequent and important human experiences and have been proposed as both adaptive and pathological in accordance to psychiatric disorders.

Objectives

This presentation aims to review literature on guilt and shame experiences and in particular their relation to psychopathology.

Aims

The first part appraises the most noticeable connections brought about by cultural settings and theological, philosophical and psychological (expressly psychoanalytical) epistemologies while intending to isolate phenomenological properties of guilt and shame. The latter will be object of a second part where there is an exploration of the possibility for a phenomenological structure of guilt and shame and the search for singularity factors.

Methods

It will review studies using the phenomenological method to decompress both experiences and specifically analyze self-experience, interpersonal experience and the experience of time during such episodes.

Results

All previous probing will help on reviewing the possibility of guilt and shame experiences as being involved in Psychiatry and in psychopathological phenomena (rather than being used as explanatory devices)

Conclusions

Guilt and shame have phenomenological similarities and singularities. As pure experiential phenomena they are still inescapable occurrences in specific psychiatric disorders while their absence also relates to other disorders.
1386 – High Prevalence Of Hypertension In Institutionalized Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Agarwal S.K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Patients with schizophrenia have higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. They also have high levels of cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, smoking, raised glucose, physical inactivity, obesity and dyslipidaemia, Hypertension has significant negative effect on immediate delayed and recognition memory in these patients. However, its presence in institutionalized patients with schizophrenia has not been well studied.

Objectives

To establish a high prevalence of hypertension in institutionalized patients with schizophrenia.

Aims

To confirm a high prevalence of hypertensive treatment in these patients.

Methods

Four residential institutions for patients with schizophrenia were chosen for the study. There were a total of 145 patients with schizophrenia. The first had 48 patients, males 30 and females 18, the second had 42 patients; 29 males 13 females, the third had 27 patients; 13 males and 14 females and the fourth had 28 patients; 15 males and 13 females. Compurterized print outs from the pharmacies and records from the institutions and office were reviewed.

Results

Of the 145 institutionalized schizophrenia patients, there were 87 males (60%) and 58 females (40%). The average age was 55.76 years. Of these 145 patients, 82 (56%) were on treatment for hypertension and 63 (44%) were not. Of the 87 males, 47(54%) were hypertensive 40 (46%) normotensive. Of the 58 females, 35(60%) were on antihypertensive treatment and 23 (40%) were normotensive.

Conclusions

56% of our institutionalized patients with schizophrenia were on anti-hypertensive treatment. Due to close medical monitoring, awareness and treatment was one hundred percent.