bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOVIET-POLISH WAR IN THE DOMESTIC HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE 1920s
Authors: Lushin Aleksandr I. , Savchenko Dmitry Y.
Published: October 2018

Introduction. Events related to the Soviet-Polish war of 1919–1920s and its consequences still attract the attention of historians and professional politicians for reasons of significant scientific and cognitive interest. Their objective analysis and research of the whole complex of factors that led to open military actions between the two states will make it possible to get rid of both ideological myths that have a negative impact on relations between the Russian Federation and Poland and neighboring states, as well as the prevalence of military strategy in domestic historiography and tactics as opposed to a comprehensive scientific analysis of the causes of the war and its consequences that affect the relationship between our Russian Federation and Poland. The article attempts to analyze the works on the most topical issues of the Soviet-Polish war of 1919–1920, which found their definite reflection in the domestic historiography of the 1920s. The purpose of the study suggests a description of the dominant and constant policies for covering the events of the Soviet-Polish war of 1919–1920, its causes, results and consequences, which are still poorly understood, despite a number of separate publications, articles and new archival materials that have become accessible to domestic researchers since the late 80s of the XX century and introduced into scientific circulation recently. Methods and materials. The research is based on problem and chronological, comparative historical methods, as well as on the method of terminological analysis. The main sources were the texts of speeches and statements of the top political and military leadership of the Soviet Russia (RSFSR) in 1920s. Results and discussion. The results of the research showed a dominant dependence of the coverage of the events of the Soviet-Polish war of 1919–1920 on the ideological guidelines of the party leadership of the RSFSR. The available publications reflected the ideological and political preferences of the “Lenin Guard”, which in many ways determined the policy of the state in the early years of Soviet authority. At the same time, the lack of documentary sources and the lack of objective information had a negative impact on the analysis of the causes and consequences of the war. The conclusion. Based on theoretical approaches, expert assessments and archival materials, it was shown that the first attempt to analyze the causes and course of the Soviet-Polish war undertaken in the 1920s could not be truly objective, in view of the prevailing tendency to cover the history of the Soviet-Polish war with propaganda clichés, military-strategic and military-operational aspects, which completely exhausted itself at the time of the collapse of the USSR, and the dismantling of the socialist system in Europe at the end of the 20th century.
Entorno regional y formación profesional
Authors: autores Varios
Published: October 2018

La formación profesional es un pilar, no suficientemente reconocido, del desarrollo económico y social, además de ser un agente central en el estímulo de la capacidad de innovación empresarial y en la mejora de la productividad. Por esto es importante tener en cuenta el papel de los trabajadores intermedios en los procesos de innovación de las pymes industriales. Las principales preguntas a las que se responde en este libro son las siguientes:  ¿Cómo se relacionan los centros de formación profesional y las empresas, y cuál es el alcance de los distintos tipos de relación?  ¿Hasta qué punto realizan los centros de FP actividades como la formación continua y el apoyo a la innovación? ¿Qué potencialidades y dificultades existen al respecto?  Y, en general, ¿cómo incide el entorno regional en la configuración del sistema de formación profesional y en la relación entre este y las empresas?
La supervisión en la acción social
Authors: Puig Cruells Carmina
Published: October 2018

Este libro desarrolla y profundiza cómo la supervisión es un proceso que suele desenvolverse y aplicarse tanto en el ejercicio profesional como en la formación académica o continua, y que tiene como objetivo reflexionar y revisar el quehacer profesional y los sentimientos que acompañan la actividad, así como contrastar los marcos teóricos y conceptuales con la práctica cotidiana. Se concibe, pues, como un espacio de formación y renovación a lo largo del ejercicio profesional, en el que cabe preguntarse, dudar y canalizar, en ocasiones, la imposibilidad del hallazgo de soluciones. Es un espacio que se caracteriza por la reflexión sistemática sobre la acción profesional sin funciones de control. Cabe destacar que el enfoque del que parte este libro es la denominada supervisión externa, es decir, una supervisión conducida por un profesional que no está vinculado a la institución contratante. Si bien el ámbito de partida es el trabajo social, este estudio se dirige a todas las disciplinas psicosociales.
Polítiques memorials, fronteres i turisme de memòria
Authors: autores Varios
Published: October 2018

Aquest llibre desenvolupa tres línies d’estudi: polítiques memorials, fronteres i turisme de memòria, i memòria, art i educació. S'hi inclouen ponències d'investigadors experts en la temàtica de la memòria, i es presenten experiències de bones pràctiques en la museïtzació dels espais memorials, en el món artístic i en l'educatiu. També s’hi presenta l'experiència en comú entre els participants, a partir de pràctiques i experiències compartides, estratègies d'èxit a l'hora d’implicar diferents actors de l'àmbit local en la implementació de projectes de memòria. Així, doncs, en aquest llibre es posa tot aquest coneixement a l’abast de la societat, per tal que pugui ser útil en les reflexions i les accions relacionades amb les memòries, amb la voluntat de contribuir a una comprensió global dels temes tractats.
Data on population change, economic growth, carbon emissions in Nigeria v1
Authors: F. Lukman Adewale , O. Ogundokun Roseline , O. Okoro Joshua , E. Adeniyi Abidemi , O. Oladejo Nathaniel , L. Jegede Segun
Published: October 2018

The dataset for population change, economic growth and carbon emissions in Nigeria is presented here.
CHANGES IN FATTY ACID AND PROTEIN OF SAFFLOWER AS RESPONSE TO BIOFERTILIZERS AND CROPPING SYSTEM
Authors: SAEIDI Mahmoodreza , RAEI Yaghoub , AMINI Rouhollah , TAGHIZADEH Akbar , PASBAN-ESLAM Bahman
Published: October 2018

Intercropping and biofertilizer are thought to be strategies for reducing the risks of agricultural production and enhancing yield and quality in developing sustainable agriculture. Hence, two field experiments were carried out with factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, to evaluate the effects of fertility and cropping systems on quality of safflower in 2015 and 2016. Treatments included nutrient levels (100% chemical fertilizers, 60% and 30% chemical + biological fertilizers and no fertilizer) and safflower and faba bean sole cropping, intercropping systems of them with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1. Results revealed that the integrated use of chemical and biofertilizers in intercropped plants caused to increasing yield components of safflower for both years. The highest unsaturated fatty acids, protein and oil content were achieved in 60% chemical plus biofertilizers. Also, between intercropping systems, ratio of 1:1 and the combinative application of chemical and biofertilizers had the highest land equivalent ratio. Values of actual yield loss showed an advantage of 20 to 98 % from intercropping due to recovery made by intercrops. Therefore, it was concluded that intercropping (safflower / faba bean) with integrated use of the reduced chemical and biological fertilizers, improved growth and quality of safflower.
SCREENING OF NORTH AFRICAN BARLEY GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE BASED ON YIELDS USING TOLERANCE INDICES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS
Authors: BEN NACEUR Amani , CHEIKH-M’HAMED Hatem , ABDELLY Chedly , BEN NACEUR M’barek
Published: October 2018

Water deficit is one of the most constraining factors for the growth, development and yields of plants in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The objective of this study is to evaluate North African barley collection for drought tolerance and to study the tolerance indicators of water deficit in order to select the most relevant ones that could be used for assessing any large scale plant population. For this purpose, two trials were conducted: first one was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the germination characteristics of sixteen North African barley genotypes under physiological stress conditions induced by polyethylene glycol-6000 and the second one was conducted in the field on the same genotypes, under favorable and water deficit conditions. In the first experiment, germination parameters showed significant differences between genotypes within the same water regime and between different water regimes and revealed the tolerance of the majority of the Egyptian genotypes to drought. In the second experiment, yields, relative water content (RWC) and drought tolerance indicators also showed the same trend where the majority of Egyptian genotypes as well as one Tunisian genotype tolerated drought more than others do. STI (Stress Tolerance Index), SSI (Stress Sensitivity Index), YSI (Yield Stability Index) and TOL (Stress Tolerance) indices showed different correlations to conclude that (STI) and (YSI) are the best predictors of drought tolerance compared to other indices. On the other hand, a positive correlation between root length under physiological stress and field yield under water deficit conditions has been established, allowing selection of the most drought-tolerant genotypes at an early stage (germination) before evaluating them in the field.
Breast cancer in young patients. Peculiarities of prognosis and adjuvant hormone therapy (a literature review)
Authors: Kravchenko D. N. , Parokonnaya A. A. , Nechushkin M. I. , Nikitina E. A. , Hakurinova N. D.
Published: October 2018

Breast cancer (BC) keeps being the most predominant malignant disease in women. In recent years, a trend towards “rejuvenescence” of the disease has been observed that affects its features. Despite modern methods of diagnosis and complex treatment used in young patients, survival in this age group are inferior that’s associated with biological and morphological peculiarities of BC in young age. Gradually are being collected data according to what age might be an independent factor exacerbating prognosis. For BC patients younger 40 years, various aspectsof hormone therapy remain ambiguous: prolonged tamoxifen use, aromatase inhibitors prescription, ovarian function suppression, a role of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea on prognosis. The issue of appropriate, personalized adjuvant hormone therapy of BC is complex and heterogenous that requires a necessity to further conduct international randomized trials.
Minimal vulvar cancer: a literature review and own observations
Authors: Il’in A. A. , Khadzhimba A. S. , Maksimov S. Ya. , Sobolev I. V. , Vyshinskaya E. A. , Kaitova S. Kh.
Published: October 2018

Organ-sparing surgeries for vulvar cancer (VC) include wide excision of perineal tissues or hemivulvectomy. The advances in the treatment of VC reduce the risk of complications in patients with somatic pathology and preserve reproductive function in young patients with minimal risk of disease recurrence. The development of new approaches to VC therapy based on currently accepted clinical and morphological criteria will help to improve treatment outcomes.Materials and methods.We retrospectively analyzed the data on 252 patients with VC. Of them, 58 participants had stage I VC, 103 had stage II VC, 79 had stage III VC, and 12 had stage IV VC. The majority of patients (n = 152) underwent vulvectomy; 100 patients underwent extended vulvectomy.Results.Tumor size and depth of invasion are independent prognostic factors determining overall patient survival. The overall survival rate in patients with tumors of 1.5 cm or smaller was 91.7 %, whereas in patients with tumors >2 cm the overall survival rate was 62.2 %. Thefive-year survival rate was 53.9 % in individuals with tumor invasion >1 cm and 84.6 % in individuals with tumor invasion <0.5 cm.Conclusion.We have developed the criteria for minimal vulvar cancer: tumors <2 cm, tumor invasion <5 mm, tumors located outside theclitoris, no tumor emboli in the vessels, no multifocal growth.
Non-invasive cervical cancer during pregnancy. Prognosis for mothers and children
Authors: Verbitskaya E. A. , Urmancheeva A. F. , Artemyeva A. S. , Mikhetko A. A. , Novik V. I. , Berlev I. V. , Mikaya N. A. , Ulrikh E. A.
Published: October 2018

The problem of malignant tumors in pregnant women is becoming increasingly relevant in recent years primarily due to the postponement of childbirth. In 2014, the mean age of Russian women at first birth was 28.1 years, whereas in 1995, mean age was 24.9 years (Russian annual demographic report for 2015). Cervical carcinoma (primarily preinvasive) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in pregnant women. The doctor and the patient have to choose between immediate treatment and preservation of pregnancy, and, therefore, delayed anticancer therapy. We analyzed 17-year experience of managing pregnant women with non-invasive cervical cancer followed up in the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Onclology, Ministry of Health of Russia, and also summarized the strategy used in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of such patients.
Phenomena of intentional "Christianity, Russia and the Russian people" in letters from Italy and Dostoevsky's diaries
Authors: Makhmudova S.M.
Published: October 2018

The work is devoted to the phenomenology of objects in the works of Dostoevsky. The article substantiates the hypothesis that the main intentional objects in Dostoevsky's letters and diaries are Christianity, the Russian People and Russia.
«A Dead man’s wife» (The role and significance of Marina Mnishek’s character (image) in “Boris Godunov” tragedy by Alexander S. Pushkin)
Authors: Kurkin B.A.
Published: October 2018

The article is dedicated to analysing of the Marina Mnishek’s image in “Boris Godunov” tragedy by Alexander S. Pushkin. It is describing historical as-sessments of Marina Mnishek’s character in folktales and epic poems, Russian Cronicles and official records of the 17th century and the way they are transformed into Marina Mnishek’s artistic image by Pushkin.
The author regards her image as a necessary complement to the character of The Impostor and considers their images as an incarnation of the Evil Spirit depicted by the tragedy through lexical means and logic of its unravelling plot.
Russian Literature at the Italian language lessons. "White nights" of Dostoevsky and Visconti
Authors: Litvin E.A.
Published: October 2018

The article contains a comparative analysis of the Dostoevsky`s novel “White nights” and its film adaptation made by Luchino Visconti. It also contains didactic materials that let use the novel and its adaptation at an Italian language lesson. The lesson is meant for Russian-speaking students of intermediate or upper-intermediate level of Italian.
Psychological barriers in the process of working with foreign students and mechanisms for overcoming them
Authors: Kornev V.A. , Dedova О.M.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of overcoming prejudices and stereotypes in the process of communication between representatives of different cultures during receipt by them of higher education in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation.
Problems in teaching standard Spanish pronunciation to Russian-speaking students
Authors: Murashkina O.V.
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the problem of the formation of phonological hearing in the process of teaching Spanish as a foreign language. The difference between phonetic systems and phonological structures of native and studied foreign languages is the main reason for linguistic interferences, that is why it is important to shape the allophonic picture when learning the phonetics of the Spanish language.
Cultural Person as a Result of the Education. From the History of the Domestic Philosophy of Education: V.V. Rozanov, S.I. Gessen, E.V. Il’enkov
Authors: Sidorin V.V.
Published: October 2018

The system of the education is one of the fundamental social institute which is invoked providing not only the transfer of knowledge but also the continuity and the stability of the social development. After several decades of the constant reforming Russian system of the education haven’t been adapted to the new reality of the informational civilization, neither it has achieved the harmonization between that reality and traditional values of the Russian culture. There are some trends and mental attitudes which can be traced in the history of Russian philosophical thought and can be counterposed to above-mentioned negative tendencies. These trends have manifested itself in works of such different thinkers as V.V. Rozanov, S.I. Gessen and E.V. Il’enkov, who stay in a not numerous row of those Russian thinkers who paid special attention to philosophical-educational problems. This article is an attempt to outline the domestic tradition of philosophy of education which can withstand to instrumentalist and utilitarian trends of the modern education. It is demonstrated that despite some different philosophical premises above-mentioned thinkers articulated some comparable purposes of the education – ideas of “transformation of the natural man to the cultural person” (V.V. Rozanov), “the conversion of the life to the cultural existence” (S.I. Gessen), “the formation of the totally developed person” (E.V. Il’enkov). There will be an attempt to show that the Russian thinker’s philosophical-educational conceptions not only are of historical interest but also have the potential to be an important conceptual resource for the development of the contemporary Russian society.
Prevalence and biochemical markers of postpartum depression
Authors: Reznik Vitaliy A , Kozyrko Elena V , Ryazanova Oksana V , Aleksandrovich Yuriy S , Rukhliada Nikolay N , Tapilskaya Natalia I
Published: October 2018

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant mental health and social problem. A prospective cohort single-center study was conducted in Saint Petersburg, Russia from March 2015 to October 2016 to assess the prevalence of PPD and possible serological markers associated with PPD. After exclusion of patients with a corresponding premorbid background and/or significant risk factors, prevalence rates were 9.6% on days P2 to P5. When comparing biochemical markers in patients with PPD (n = 37) and in healthy individuals (n = 72), a significant increase in the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (3.36 ± 0.52 vs 1.98 ± 0.71 μIU/ml, p < 0.05), an increase in the level of marinobufagenin (0.928 ± 0.156 vs 0.462 ± 0.111 nM, p < 0.05), and a decrease in the activity of red-blood-cell Na+/K+-ATPase (1.68 ± 0.192 vs 2.39 ± 0.19 μM fn/ml/h, p < 0.03) were found. (For citation: Reznik VA, Kozyrko EV, Ryazanova OV, et al. Prevalence and biochemical markers of postpartum depression. Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases. 2018;67(4):19-29. doi: 10.17816/JOWD67419-29).
Dopplerometric renal blood flow assessment in pregnant women with pyelonephritis
Authors: Khudovekova Alexandra M , Nagorneva Stanislava V , Prokhorova Victoria S , Mozgovaya Elena V
Published: October 2018

This article presents the results of searching for specific ultrasound criteria for diagnosis of pyelonephritis in pregnancy. The data obtained confirm low specificity of echographic criteria and show the possibilities of Doppler using in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis. (For citation: Khudovekova AM, Nagorneva SV, Prokhorova VS, Mozgovaya EV. Dopplerometric renal blood flow assessment in pregnant women with pyelonephritis. Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases. 2018;67(4):30-33. doi: 10.17816/JOWD67430-33).
Influence of psychosocial risk factors on the dynamics of indicators of temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Slesarev O V , Bayrikov I M , Kovshova O S , Komarova M V
Published: October 2018

Aim. To analyze the influence of psychosocial risk factors on the dynamics of indicators characterizing temporomandibular disorders.

Methods. 61 clinical cases of temporomandibular disorders with chronic pain were investigated (18 % of the total number of observations of temporomandibular disorders). Diagnostic criteria of temporomandibular disorders were used: axis II, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of temporomandibular joint. Interviewing method was used for clinical diagnosis of psychological phenomena and testing attitude to the disease, identifying communicative deviations according to R.C. Rogers (2002). Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A - patients with nociceptive pain, social adaptation is not disturbed; group B - patients with neuropathic pain, psychosomatization on the background of mental rigidity. In both groups, an identical treatment regimen was implemented for two years. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using IBM SPSS 21 and included comparison of related groups by Friedman analysis and paired Wilcoxon test, comparison of independent groups by Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon criterion, and comparison of the qualitative features by contingency tables by Chi-square Pearson.

Results. The radiological semiotics of temporomandibular joint in both groups is similar in the structure of nosology. At the beginning of the treatment cycle, the pain intensity and the temporomandibular index are similar. After 2 years of follow-up, patients in group A showed a significantly higher positive response to the therapy compared to patients in group B: pain intensity in group A was 15.36±2.53 and in group B - 37.32±3.45 (p<0.001); depression on the SCL-90-R scale - 0.29±0.04 and 1.12±0.12 (p<0.001), the degree of disability on the GCPS scale - 0.68±0.08 and 1.17±0.10 (p=0.001), temporomandibular index - 0.15±0.01 and 0.23±0.02 (p<0.001), respectively.

Conclusion. In patients of group B, affective disorders form the psychosomatic structure of personality and affect the outcome of therapy. When formulating the final diagnosis and planning the treatment in patients with temporomandibular disorders, it is necessary to take into account the psychosocial characteristics of the patient.
Subcutaneous dirofilariasis of maxillofacial localization - a rare clinical case
Authors: Ksembaev S S , Ivanov O A , Torgashova O E , Khamitova A R
Published: October 2018

Dirofilariasis is a tropical helminthosis caused by nematodes - filariae. The are characterized by long incubation period, slow disease development and its long chronic course. Dirofilariasis can be catched from humans and animals, it is transmitted through insect bites (mosquitoes, gadflies, sand flies, midges). Dirofilariasis is endemic to areas with warm and humid climate. In Russia, the disease is atypical, with the absence of mature nematodes and microfilariae in the tissues. This disease is not typical for the Republic of Tatarstan and only isolated cases of parasite localization in the eyeball were previously recorded. The article presents a rare clinical case of subcutaneous localization of nematode of dirofilaria in the maxillofacial region. The patient was diagnosed with tumor-like neoplasm of the maxillofacial region, on the removal of which a live incapsulated parasite was found. The patient had no history of visiting endemic countries.
To the 50th anniversary of hematology service of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Akhmadeev A R , Kunst M A , Kosterina A V , Terekhova S N , Gaybaryan A A , Khakimova M R , Guslyakova R P , Abdulganieva D I
Published: October 2018

The article presents an overview of the development of hematology service in the Republic of Tatarstan. The well-known scientist Nikolay Konstantinovich Goryaev (1875-1943), who worked in Kazan for a long time, began to develop this direction and after passing an internship in Germany proposed an improved device for calculating the blood elements known throughout the world. Adherents of Professor Goryaev continued research in the field of hematology, a blood transfusion station was organized. Professor S.I. Sherman proposed new methods of diagnosis and treatment of B12 deficiency anemia. Professor Sh.I. Ratner studied the changes in the blood picture in diseases of the abdominal cavity. The first 15 specialized hematological beds were opened in 1968 in the hospital named “Old Clinic”. The physician who treated such patients was Rakhil Sholomovna Dashevskaya, PhD. At present, hematology service is provided by three hospitals in Kazan, hematological and therapeutical beds in Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk, outpatient hematology service in Zelenodolsk. In recent years, the introduction of stem cell therapy has begun, and modern combined methods of chemotherapy have been introduced.
About history and significance of the eugenic ideas
Authors: Sher S A , Yakovleva T V , Al’bitskiy V Yu
Published: October 2018

Aim. To show the short history of the origin and development of the eugenic ideas at the beginning of the 20th century.

Methods. Historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were used.

Results. The article presents the results of historical and medical research that demonstrated that close by the tasks to medicine eugenics studied inherited properties, their social manifestations and historical changes. Science eugenics gained wide circulation and recognition in 1920s in USSR. The ideas became popular that achievements of the Soviet health care, its preventive direction lead to creation of higher sanitary culture and realization of eugenic tasks for creation of the harmonious Soviet identity. Since the early 1930s in the Soviet Union the eugenics underwent severe criticism. The eugenic ideas were completely discredited by Nazi programs of fascist Germany in 1933-1945 when millions of people were exterminated. In the end of the 20th century interest in eugenics has renewed because of development of genetics.

Conclusion. Despite the ambiguous past, the eugenics had played a certain positive role as it allowed understanding genetic and anthropological human features, and served as an incentive for development of medical genetics and study of genetic diseases.
Estado actual de los tratamientos farmacológicos invasivos en tendinopatía aquilea.
Authors: Martín Llantino Pedro Javier , Calvo Lobo Cesar , Sanz Corbalan Irene
Published: October 2018

Objetivos: El objetivo es aportar evidencia científica sobre tratamientos invasivos farmacológicos para la tendinopatía Aquilea.Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed que abarcó trabajos desde 1984 hasta el 30 de enero de 2018 usando términos como: “Achilles tendinopathy and treatment”. “Corticosteroids” “Heparin”. Stem cell” “Platelet Rich Plama” Resultados: Se obtuvieron artículos sobre el tratamiento del tendón de Aquiles con corticoides, heparina, proloterapia, sustancias esclerosantes, transfusiones de sangre autóloga, células madre, plasma enriquecido en plaquetas y ácido hialurónico.Conclusiones: Los tratamientos invasivos evaluados pueden ser una opción de para la tendinopatía aquilea. No obstante hay que ser cauteloso con ciertos efectos adversos derivados de su uso.
Classification and treatment of prostatitis: a review of literature
Authors: Almugbel Saad Khalid , Alanezi Fahad Khalaf Bakit , Alhoshan Faisal Musaad , Alkhalifa Rayan Osama , Alkhzaim Ali Hasan , Almohideb Malik Abdulrahman
Published: October 2018

Prostatitis is one of the most common urinary tract diseases in men of all ages and is often challenging to manage. They can be classified based of the course of illness, presentation, and their etiology, and the investigation and treatment depend on how type of prostatitis. In this study we aim to look through the literature to find the various types of prostatitis and understand the respective methods of management. We did a systematic search for prostatitis using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar. google.com). The terms used in the search were: prostatitis, urinary tract diseases in men, classification of prostatitis, management of prostatitis. Prostatitis is a common disease and is considered to be the third most common urological disease in men. It has been categorized into four groups: acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis. Treatment can be challenging, but mainly consists of use of fluoroquinolones.
Incidence and predisposing factors of chalazion
Authors: Alsammahi Alaa , Aljohani Ziyad , Jaad Nafisah , Abu Daia Omamah , Aldayhum Majed , Almutairi Mohammed , Basendwah Mohammad , Alzahrani Reham , Alturki Muna
Published: October 2018

Chalazion is one of the most common eyelid masses seen by ophthalmologists in outpatient clinics. It presents with slowly growing painless cystic lesion affecting eyelids. Chalazion arises due to obstruction of the meibomian gland ducts leading to retained secretion. The exact incidence of chalazion is variable among the studies and it differs depending on certain predisposing factors. Many factors ae known to predispose to chalazion formation including hormonal changes during puberty and pregnancy, viral and bacterial infection, rosacea, exposure to air pollutants, poor eyelid hygiene, chronic blepharitis, seborrheic dermatitis, eyelid trauma, immune deficiency states, eyelid trauma, hyperlipidemia, tuberculosis, and leishmaniasis. This article will review these factors as well as the incidence of chalazion.
Relación entre la disponibilidad alimentaria y la mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal en América
Authors: Buamden Susana
Published: October 2018

Con el objetivo de describir la relación entre la disponibilidad alimentaria y la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal en los países de América en el año 2010, se analizaron datos provistos por la International Agency for Research on Cancer y la Food and Agriculture Organization mediante un estudio ecológico. Se observó una gran variabilidad excepto en disponibilidad calórica. La disponibilidad alimentaria fue abundante para calorías, grasas totales, grasa animal, carnes rojas y bebidas alcohólicas. Para frutas y vegetales fue crítica en un 80% de los países. Los países con más alta tasa de mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal fueron Uruguay, Barbados, Argentina y Cuba, y con las tasas más bajas fueron Guatemala, Canadá, México y Honduras. Las relaciones más fuertes se dieron entre la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal y la disponibilidad alimentaria de grasa animal, carne roja, bebidas alcohólicas y calorías. No se encontró efecto protector de la disponibilidad alimentaria de frutas y vegetales sobre la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal. Sería recomendable mejorar los registros de incidencia de tumores y de formas directas de evaluar la dieta para ser analizados en futuros estudios en lugar de los datos aquí utilizados.
Brigadas de salud en cardiología pediátrica: del triaje médico al triaje social
Authors: Olarte-Sierra María Fernanda , Suárez Roberto , Rubio María Alejandra
Published: October 2018

Este artículo explora aspectos socioculturales de un programa de brigadas de cardiología pediátrica para la atención de menores de poblaciones de escasos recursos que habitan en regiones periféricas de Colombia. Problematizamos las brigadas como estrategia humanitaria para cerrar las brechas de inequidad en el acceso a la atención en salud, y como contexto particular para el encuentro médico, la experiencia de la cardiopatía y la definición de las trayectorias de cuidado. A partir de la observación etnográfica de brigadas y de entrevistas a familias asistentes y personal de salud, realizadas durante el año 2016 en cinco ciudades diferentes, indagamos en las dinámicas que configuran el encuentro médico y cuestionamos los mecanismos (médicos y sociales) mediante los cuales se evalúa y decide qué familias pueden acceder a atención médica especializada en Bogotá. Se concluye que las brigadas, al ser iniciativas que continúan anclándose en el humanitarismo, en lugar de contribuir a la transformación de las condiciones que generan inequidades en salud acaban reproduciéndolas y exacerbándolas en la medida que seleccionan las vidas con prioridad para ser salvadas
Antropología médica en América Latina 1990-2015: Una revisión estrictamente provisional
Authors: Menéndez Eduardo L.
Published: October 2018

Se presenta una aproximación provisional sobre lo producido por la antropología médica en América Latina, especialmente, en México y, en menor medida, en Brasil, entre 1990 y 2015, tratando de señalar sus principales aportes, orientaciones y objetivos, pero también planteando críticas y algunas dudas referidas, especialmente, a la omisión del estudio de graves procesos y problemas de salud colectiva. En el artículo se trata de poner en evidencia la importancia de esta disciplina no solo para la antropología, sino también para la biomedicina, planteando la necesidad de complementación, más allá de las diferencias e incompatibilidades que existen respecto, por ejemplo, del uso de las técnicas cualitativas o de las intervenciones y no intervenciones sobre los “usos y costumbres” de los diferentes actores sociales referidos a los procesos de salud/enfermedad/atención-prevención.
Control Properties of Solid Fuels from Waste
Authors: Polygalov S.V. , Ilyinykh G.V. , Korotaev V.N.
Published: October 2018

Field and laboratory studies of the composition and properties of solid municipal waste have been performed, on the basis of which the quantity and quality of the recovered secondary raw materials and "tailings" of sorting, which are used as energy fraction or solid fuel from waste, are simulated. The elemental composition for dry ashless (combustible) mass for all considered variants of solid fuelcomposition from wastes is calculated. Presented is the ratio C: O and heat of combustion on a dry basis for different versions of solid fuel composition from waste. For comparison, the C: O ratio is shown for various components of solid fuel from waste: for synthetic materials (polymers, rubber) and for biodegradable materials (organic waste, waste paper, wood).
Investigation of Thermal Destruction Processes of Waste Insulation of Main Gas Pipelines
Authors: Karmanova S.V. , Glushankova I.S. , Arzamasova G.S. , Cherepanov A.A.
Published: October 2018

The possibility of applying the thermal method for neutralizing waste re-insulation during the major overhaul of main gas pipelines is considered. The initial composition of the organic part of the waste is shown. The thermal effects observed during the decomposition of waste in a controlled atmosphere, the composition of waste gases and the results of thermal analysis of waste samples resulting from the replacement of insulation of gas pipelines selected for maintenance and repair of linear sections of main gas pipelines are examined. Ways of solving the problem of elimination of waste generated during the gas pipeline overhaul are suggested.
Toxicity of Injection Materials Used for Land Reclamation
Authors: Samarin E.N. , Rod’kina I.A. , Kravchenko N.S.
Published: October 2018

At present, various ways of improving the territories are widely used, including methods of technical soil reclamation, and in particular injection methods. In this regard, the toxicity analysis of the most frequently used injectable materials is extremely important for a wide range of specialists, both for builders and designers, and for scientists developing new methods. The comparative characteristic of toxicity of components of injectable solutions is given, conclusions and recommendations of use for barrier technologies are the safest from the ecological point of view of materials.
A Study on Adapting of Afghan Students in Universities of Turkey
Authors: Muradi Ahmad Jawid , BOZ Ismet , AZAMI Mirwas
Published: October 2018

The aim of the study is to propose a solution by examining the adaptation problems experienced by the Afghan students who are studying in different faculties and departments of various universities of Turkey. The survey based on the primary data collected by online sampling method and 60 different questions from Afghan students studying in Turkey by August 2017. In the analysis of the obtained data, SPSS version 21.0 program was used and parametric and nonparametric analysis techniques applied in the direction of research findings. The survey has been done in 49 various universities, 12 different faculties, and 161 students. Among the participants 39.1% had scholarships from the Turkish government (YTB), 26.7% were supported by the Afghanistan government, and 34.2% were studying by their own financial possibilities. All of the students came from Afghanistan for education purposes. Their parents' economic and educational levels are good; nearly all of them are well-educated people. Most of the students are living in dormitories, and they are happy to study in Turkey. They don't have any problems with interpersonal relationships and cultural adaptation with other students in dorms, as well as with people in Turkey.
Assessing The Nutritional Status Of Orphaned And Non- Orphaned Children Aged 6-59 Months In Kakamega County, Kenya.
Authors: Muema Mary Mutete , Neyole Edward , Simiyu Ruth
Published: October 2018

Child malnutrition is globally the highest risk factor for illness and death. It contributes to more than half of deaths in children worldwide. Children who lose their parents may face many hardships including food insecurity and poor child care resulting into malnutrition. However, in Kenya and the entire sub-Saharan Africa the problem of orphan-hood is expected to increase in the coming years due to more deaths from HIV/AIDS and other disasters. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of orphaned and non-orphaned children. The study was a cross sectional study where both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. A structured questionnaire was administered to 306 care takers of orphans and non-orphans. The nutritional status of the children was determined by use of anthropometric measurements; weight for age (underweight), height for age (stunting) and weight for height (wasting) and pitting edema. Focus Group Discussions and key informant interviews were also conducted. Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Emergency Nutrition Assessment (ENA) were used to analyze the data. Pearson chi-square and t-test statistics were used to test the significance of the relations while ranking was used to compare proportions of occurrence. The prevalence of malnutrition was high in the County (stunting 28.5%, wasting 6.9% and underweight 9.5% with wasting being more pronounced in Kakamega North Sub County. Boys were found to be more vulnerable to underweight (p value =0.025) and children aged 30-41 months were more stunted (p=0.009). However study found that there was no association between child malnutrition and orphan hood and therefore the children had equal chances of becoming malnourished it is recommended that the county and national governments should formulate and implement policies targeting all the children regardless of their orphan hood status. The County Integrated Plans (CIDPs) and national government policies need to stipulate well the nutrition intervention plans for the county.
The Canadian Crown's Duty to Consult Indigenous Nations' Knowledge Systems in Federal Environmental Assessments
Authors: Crawford Stephen S
Published: October 2018

In 2016, the Government of Canada undertook a review of regulatory processes for federal environmental assessments (EAs) in preparation for replacing the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act. An EA Expert Panel was appointed to review numerous oral and written submissions from Indigenous nations, government agencies, and the public. The Panel's final report included recommendations that were considered by Canada in the development of its currently proposed new legislation regarding federal EAs: Bill C-69. The goal of this analysis is to evaluate the extent to which Canada’s review and proposed legislation actually addressed the Crown’s duty to consult Indigenous nations' knowledge systems. Detailed examination of the Panel's review and Canada's response shows clearly that the Crown's duty has not been fulfilled by the proposed legislation, in either spirit or practice.
An Alternative Approach For Teaching The Basic Dc-dc Converters By A Generalization Of The Basic Pwm Commutation Cell
Authors: Yoshimura Victor Leonardo
Published: October 2018

This paper proposes a new approach for teaching the basic DC-DC converters, aiming a better understanding of these converters by the student uninitiated in the subject. The proposed strategy is to begin by presenting the basic PWM commutation cell and make a generalization of its characteristics, showing that the buck, boost and buck-boost converters have many similarities. This procedure reduces the number of equations and waveforms to be studied. An interesting effect, only present in the boost converter, is the double region of continuous conduction mode (DRCCM). Simulation results show that the mathematical procedure is consistent and easy for designs.
Plataforma De Ensino De Eletrônica De Potência Versátil E De Baixo Custo
Authors: Garcia Fellipe Saldanha , Ferreira André Augusto , Pomilio José Antenor
Published: October 2018

A despeito da importância da Eletrônica de Potência e do crescente número de aplicações no mercado, existe uma carência de dispositivos de uso prático de baixo custo que auxiliem o ensino de Eletrônica de Potência. Este artigo descreve uma plataforma de ensino, que foi desenvolvida na Unicamp e é atualmente utilizada como parte de uma disciplina de Laboratório de Eletrônica de Potência. É descrito um experimento envolvendo o controle, em malha aberta, de um motor de indução trifásico, bem como outros experimentos possíveis de serem realizados. Graças ao projeto versátil, o sistema pode ser facilmente modificado para experimentos envolvendo outros sistemas, por exemplo, fontes chaveadas.
Plataforma Didática Para Avaliação Rápida E Experimental De Estratégias De Controle Em Eletrônica De Potência
Authors: Vendrusculo Edson Adriano , Ferreira André Augusto , Pomilio José Antenor
Published: October 2018

Este artigo apresenta um aparato educacional para ensino prático de estratégias de controle aplicadas a eletrônica de potência. Este aparato é composto por uma planta eletrônica configurável, um processador digital de sinais, um computador pessoal e placas de circuitos para comunicação e interface. O aparato desenvolvido permite uma interação do usuário, gradual e assistida, em todos os estágios, ou seja, desde a escolha e projeto dos compensadores até a comprovação experimental do comportamento dinâmico da planta sob controle. Os recursos didáticos da ferramenta educacional são ilustrados pelos resultados obtidos com o controle de uma máquina de corrente contínua. Neste caso a configuração selecionada permite operar nos quatro quadrantes, logo permitindo o fluxo bidirecional de energia, ou seja, contemplando motorização e geração. Outro atributo desta configuração é a identificação automática dos parâmetros elétricos e mecânicos da máquina através de um software adicional específico.
Mitigação De Efeito Flicker Por Meio De Compensação Série Do Tipo Indutância Negativa Utilizando Inversor Multinível
Authors: Silva Leonardo de Araújo , Pimentel Sérgio Pires , Pomilio José Antenor
Published: October 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma aplicação de compensação série para mitigação de efeito “flicker”. A compensação se baseia na síntese de indutância negativa, ao invés da aplicação de capacitores. A vantagem deste método é que se impede o surgimento de ressonâncias em situações transitórias que podem surgir devido à interação dinâmica da linha com o elemento de compensação. A indutância negativa é sintetizada utilizando a técnica de Síntese Direta de Reatâncias, enquanto sua realização é feita por meio da topologia de conversores multiníveis em cascata assimétrica. Mostra-se que é possível eliminar as variações de tensão no ponto de acoplamento comum causadas por variações na corrente da carga e comprova-se a não ocorrência de ressonâncias nos transitórios. Um arranjo experimental de baixa potência foi implementado para validar o funcionamento do sistema, com o controle realizado por meio de um Processador Digital de Sinais.
Digital Sliding Mode Controlled Three-phase Boost Inverter Implemented In A Dsc
Authors: Giacomini Priscila dos Santos Garcia , Marques Luiz Carlos de Souza , Mezaroba Marcello
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a Digital Variable Structure Controlled Three Phase Boost Inverter. The main usage of this converter is to provide the necessary AC voltage to a three-phase induction motor from batteries. The variable structure control, which is a hysteresis based control methodology, was implemented using a TMF320F2812 Digital Signal Controller (DSC). The theoretical analysis, basic equations and the design methodology is presented in this work. The converter’s main advantages are only one stage to boost and invert the battery energy and small number of components.
Commentary: Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research – Classifications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Idossa Dame , Duma Narjust , Chekhovskiy Katerina , Go Ronald , Ailawadhi Sikander
Published: October 2018

The use of race and ethnicity in biomedical research has been a subject of debate for the past three decades. Initially the two ma­jor race categories were: White and Black, leaving other minorities uncounted or inap­propriately misclassified. As the science of health disparities evolves, more sophisticat­ed and detailed information has been add­ed to large databases. Despite the addition of new racial classifications, including multi-racial denominations, the quality of the data is limited to the data collection process and other social misconceptions. Although race is viewed as an imposed or ascribed status, ethnicity is an achieved status, making it a more challenging variable to include in biomedical research. Ambiguity between race and ethnicity often exists, ultimately affecting the value of both variables. To bet­ter understand specific health outcomes or disparities of groups, it is necessary to col­lect subgroup-specific data. Cultural percep­tions and practices, health experiences, and susceptibility to disease vary greatly among broad racial-ethnic groups and requires the collection of nuanced data to understand. Here, we provide an overview of the clas­sification of race and ethnicity in the United States over time, the existing challenges in using race and ethnicity in biomedical re­search and future research directions. Ethn Dis. 2018;28(4):561-564; doi:10.18865/ed.28.4.561.