bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la sustentabilidad en agroecosistemas.
Authors: Toro P. , García A. , Gómez-Castro A. G. , Perea J. , Acero R. , Rodríguez-Estévez V.
Published: October 2019

La sustentabilidad requiere ser valorada con el propósito final de implementar técnicas o tecnologías que mejoren o minimicen el impacto ambiental, para ello deben emplearse escalas de medición ordinales, que permitan su categorización. Indicadores e índices surgen como la base de las metodologías de evaluación de sustentabilidad, debiendo cumplir una serie de requisitos para ser de utilidad. Entre estos requisitos, la integración de las tres dimensiones de la sustentabilidad (económica, social y ambiental) es básica. La evaluación se sustenta en el empleo de indicadores que describen una característica del estado de un sistema, generalmente a través de datos observados o estimados, e índices que consisten en una agregación cuantitativa de indicadores. Los indicadores se generan del análisis de los procesos que utilizan recursos ambientales para producir resultados y pueden ser medioambientales o de sustentabilidad (cuando se tienen en cuenta los factores de tiempo, límites y objetivos) Índices como la Huella Ecológica, el Índice de Desarrollo Humano, el Producto Interno Bruto, entre otros informan tanto del grado de inequidad global como de la sobreutilización de recursos por parte de las economías de algunos países, Pero también con aplicación a sectores productivos, como por ejemplo a la ganadería. En agroecosistemas se ha definido un gran número de indicadores dependientes del sistema en estudio, la mayor parte centrados en la productividad o los retornos económicos de la explotación. Tanto ecuaciones de regresión como modelos de simulación han sido utilizados para la estimación de indicadores, debido a la dificultad de obtención de medidas directas o con el propósito de descubrir qué efectos tendrá en el futuro una medida adoptada hoy.
Utilización de la lenteja agua (Lemnaceae) en la producción de Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)
Authors: Zetina Córdoba P. , Reta Mendiola J. L. , Ortega Cerrilla M. E. , Ortega Jiménez E. , Sánchez-Torres M. T. E. , Herrera Haro J. G. , Becerril Herrera M.
Published: October 2019

La familia Lemnaceae, comprende un grupo de pequeñas plantas acuáticas de rápido crecimiento, que se caracterizan por formar extensos mantos sobre cuerpos de agua con movimiento léntico; su reproducción generalmente es vegetativa. El contenido de proteína que se reporta oscila entre 13-41%, y depende del contenido de nitrógeno en el medio en el cual se desarrolla. Tiene preferencia por el consumo de amonio sobre el nitrato, y asimila una variedad de metales, razón por la cual se ha utilizado para el tratamiento de aguas negras con excelentes resultados. Las producciones de materia seca obtenidas se reportan entre 10-46 t ha-1 año-1. Son consumidas por una gran variedad de animales de interés zootécnico, como aves, rumiantes, no rumiantes, crustáceos y peces; los géneros Spirodela, Lemna y Wolffia se han utilizado para alimentación de tilapia con resultados variables. Los mejores índices productivos, corresponden a la utilización como parte integral de la dieta, con inclusión de 5-30%, sustituyendo parcial o totalmente a la torta de soja, principalmente y resultados similares cuando se sustituye fuentes de proteína animal. Cuando es utilizada como única fuente de alimentación, a una tasa que no debe exceder el 6% del peso corporal (base seca), los resultados son muy inferiores a los obtenidos con las dietas convencionales. Esto es debido, a la deficiencia de histidina y metionina, aunado a la presencia de factores antinutricionales y contenido de fibra. Las experiencias en policultivos han demostrado que la suplementación con lenteja de agua incrementa la producción por hectárea.
Archivos de zootecnia. Informe editorial 2010.
Authors: Gómez Castro A. G. , López de Bustamante M. C. , Perea Muñoz J. , Arcos Castejón J.
Published: October 2019

Se analiza el proceso editorial de Archivos de Zootecnia durante 2010. Se recibieron 384 manuscritos procedentes de 33 países, principalmente de Brasil (66,9%). Consecuentemente, el lenguaje más frecuentemente usado fue el portugués, seguido del español y el inglés. El tiempo medio entre recepción y publicación de un manuscrito fue elevado ( 836.3 dias). La tasa de rechazo fue del 50,8%. En 2010 fueron publicados 49 artículos, 21 notas breves y 10 revisiones (83 trabajos en total) cuyos autores pertenecían a 15 países diferentes.
Transporte de terneros en España. Aspectos técnicos, administrativos y de bienestar según el destino.
Authors: Averós X. , Riu M. , López J. , Herranz A. , Ribó O. , Gosálvez L. F.
Published: October 2019

Para conocer en detalle como se transporta el ganado vacuno en España según el destino del viaje, entre los años 2004 y 2005 se entrevistaron 44 operadores representativos del sector (27 mataderos, 10 comerciantes y 7 mercados) mediante cuestionarios que recogían información relativa a 119 parámetros. Más del 80% de los viajes fueron de animales cebados/para cebo, y algo más de un 3% de los viajes transportaban animales cebados/para cebo y reproductores. Los transportes a matadero cargaron en un menor número de explotaciones (1,2 vs. 1,4 granjas; p
Relação azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum lam.)-ruminante.
Authors: De Conto L. , Sganzerla D. C. , Pedroso C. E. S. , Monks P. L.
Published: October 2019

O azevém anual é a espécie forrageira de estação fria mais cultivada para pastejo no Sul do Brasil. Suas interessantes características forrageiras aliadas à reduzida produção da maior parte das espécies nativas durante o período de baixas temperaturas justificam a utilização em larga escala. Entretanto, o desconhecimento de suas características morfofisiológicas, bem como do hábito de pastejo dos animais, podem resultar em ganhos de produto animal e vegetal muito inferior ao potencial produtivo. Conforme a produção literária até o presente momento, o adequado manejo desta gramínea deve ter períodos entre desfolhas de 300 a 500 GD e ofertas de matéria seca entre 8 e 18% do peso corporal dos animais, as quais possibilitam maiores produções, tanto vegetal como animal. As ofertas próximas a 8% PV favorecem o desempenho animal por área; enquanto que, as ofertas próximas a 18% PV, o desempenho individual, independe do sistema de pastoreio adotado. Outros fatores de importante impacto nas características morfofisiológicas da pastagem e no comportamento dos animais em pastejo são abordados no presente artigo para de orientar o manejo dos animais em azevém anual e fornecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas.
Refinement of Sampling and Analysis Techniques for Asbestos in Soil
Authors: Wroble Julie , Frederick Tim , Vallero Daniel
Published: October 2019

Measuring the concentrations of asbestos in contaminated soils is challenging. Data are often highly variable. Variability in soil measurements has led to limitations in comparing results from sites nationally and difficulties in reproducing results, even from the same sites over time. The difficulties in collecting reproducible soil data limit the ability to extrapolate from concentrations in soil and compare to concentrations in air. This extrapolation is necessary if soil data are to be used in human health risk assessments. To address this substantial limitation of asbestos soil data, researchers from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regions and the National Exposure Research Laboratory are conducting a series of efforts to advance the use of data that are collected, processed, and analyzed using the most reproducible methods. These soil data, collected from a variety of sites across the country, will be compared to air data from activity-based sampling in an attempt to establish a quantitative relationship between asbestos soil concentrations and airborne fiber concentrations. This research plan summary provides an update on the EPA efforts under way and the challenges that lie ahead.
Viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum after pulmonary tuberculosis cure
Authors: Ambreen Atiqa , Jamil Muhammad , Rahman Muhammad Aqeelur , Mustafa Tehmina
Published: October 2019

Background

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with detectable Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum is a major source of transmission. In resource limited TB endemic settings, cure is declared through sputum smear examination for acid fast bacilli without performing culture. This may lead to erroneous treatment outcomes as viable bacteria may be missed due to the low sensitivity of direct smear method. The aim of this study was to investigate if sterilizing cure is achieved among the new pulmonary TB cases declared cured by sputum smear conversion and to evaluate the impact of addition of ethambutol in the continuation phase in achieving it.

Methods

New sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients registered at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan from November 2013 to March 2014 were followed under standard Directly Observed Treatment Short Course strategy for six months. Half of these patients received ethambutol in addition to isoniazid and rifampicin in the continuation phase. Sputum specimens were examined on microscopy at 2 months and at the end of treatment. Sputa of patients with negative direct smear examination at the end of treatment were cultured.

Results

Among 5746 TB suspects, 1595 were new sputum smear positive pulmonary TB cases, and 533 were registered at our hospital. Among these, 504 converted sputum negative at 2 months and 348 converted at the end of six months of treatment and were declared cured. Sputa of 204/348 patients were cultured, and 12/204 (6%) were culture-positive. Culture positivity at 6 months was not associated with bacterial load, smoking, diabetes, presence of cavities, history of contact with TB patients, age, sex, socioeconomic status, or addition of ethambutol in the continuation phase.

Conclusion

Viable cultivable bacilli were detected in 6% of cured patients, which would have significant impact on the control of TB. This highlights the need for an inexpensive and accurate surrogate marker for culture as it is not feasible to perform culture in routine for monitoring treatment response in the low-resource settings. The treatment outcome did not improve by addition of ethambutol emphasizing the need to find the optimal duration of treatment for individual or carefully selected groups of patients.
A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of azithromycin to reduce mortality and improve growth in high risk young children with non-bloody diarrhoea in low resource settings: The Antibiotic for Children with Diarrhoea (ABCD) Trial Protocol
Authors: De Costa Ayesha
Published: October 2019

Background Acute diarrhoea is a common cause of illness and death among children in low-middle-income settings. WHO guidelines for the clinical management of acute watery diarrhoea in children focus on oral rehydration, supplemental zinc and feeding advice. Routine use of antibiotics is not recommended except when diarrhoea is bloody or cholera is suspected. Young children who are undernourished or have a dehydrating diarrhoea are more susceptible to death in 90-days after onset of diarrhoea. Given the mortality risk associated with diarrhoea in children with malnutrition or dehydrating diarrhoea, expanding the use of antibiotics for this subset of children could be an important intervention to reduce diarrhoea associated mortality and morbidity. We designed the ‘Antibiotics for Childhood Diarrhoea’ (ABCD) trial to test this intervention. Methods ABCD is a double-blind, randomised trial recruiting 11,500 children aged 2-23 months presenting with acute non-bloody diarrhoea who are dehydrated and/or undernourished (i.e. high risk for mortality). Enrolled children in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Pakistan and Tanzania, are randomized (1:1) to oral azithromycin 10mg/kg or placebo once daily for 3 days and followed-up for 180 days. Primary efficacy endpoints are (i) all-cause mortality during the 180 days post-enrolment and (ii) change in linear growth 90 days post-enrolment. Discussion Expanding treatment of acute watery diarrhoea in high risk children to include an antibiotic may offer an opportunity to reduce deaths. These benefits may result from direct antimicrobial effects on pathogens or other incompletely understood mechanisms including improved nutrition, alterations in immune responsiveness or improved enteric function. The expansion of indications for antibiotic use raises concerns about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance both within treated children and the communities in which they live. ABCD will monitor antimicrobial resistance The ABCD trial has important policy implications. If the trial shows significant benefits of azithromycin use, this may provide evidence to support reconsideration of antibiotic indications in the present WHO diarrhoea management guidelines. Conversely, if there is no evidence of benefit, these results will support the current avoidance of antibiotics except in dysentery or cholera, thereby avoiding inappropriate use of antibiotics and reaffirming the current guidelines.
The performance of anthropometric measures to predict diabetes mellitus and hypertension among adults in Jordan
Authors: Khader Yousef , Batieha Anwar , Jaddou Hashem , El-Khateeb Mohammad , Ajlouni Kamel
Published: October 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the abilities of waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to predict recently and previously diagnosed diabetes and hypertension and assess their appropriate cut-off values among Jordanian adults.
Methods: Data from the 2017 cardiovascular risk factors survey were analyzed to achieve the study objective. The survey collected extensive data from a national population-based sample of Jordanian residents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic variables and clinical data. Blood samples were taken for biochemical measurements. Anthropometric characteristics were measured by the same team of trained field researchers.
Results: This study included a total of 1193 men and 2863 women. Their age ranged from 18 to 90 year with a mean (SD) of 43.8 (14.2) year. WHtR performed better than other anthropometric measures and had a good ability (AUC>0.80) among women and fair ability among men to predict newly diagnosed diabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes and hypertension. The appropriate cut-off points for anthropometric measures among women were 92 cm form WC, 104 cm for HC, 30 Kg/m 2 for BMI, 0.85 for WHR, and 0.60 for WHtR. For men, the appropriate cut-off points were 100 cm for WC, 104 cm for HC, 27 Kg/m 2 for BMI, 0.93 for WHR, and 0.57 for WHtR.
Conclusion: WHtR performed better than other anthropometric measures in predicting diabetes and hypertension among adult population in Jordan. We recommend WHtR as a measure of choice with a cut-off value of 0.6 for women and 0.57 for men to predict diabetes and hypertension among Jordanians.
Health professionals’ experiences of providing care for women survivors of sexual violence in psychiatric inpatient units.
Authors: O'Dwyer Carol , Tarzia Laura , Fernbacher Sabin , Hegarty Kelsey
Published: October 2019

Background: Survivors of sexual violence, who are predominantly women, commonly access mental health services. Psychiatric inpatient units in Australia are predominately mixed gender and may further retraumatise these women. Sexual violence is under-recognised by mental health professionals and there is a lack of adequate policy or direction for mental health service services. To date, only a small amount of research has focused on health professionals’ experiences of providing trauma-informed care to women in psychiatric settings, with most studies focused on specific practices or interventions. Qualitative data is particularly lacking on this topic. This is a critical gap in the knowledge given that health professionals are key to detecting and addressing victimisation. The aim of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of healthcare professionals’ experiences and perceptions in providing care to women who are survivors of sexual violence in psychiatric inpatient units.
Methods: This qualitative study utilised semi-structured interviews with 40 health professionals recruited from four psychiatric inpatient units within a large Australian public mental health organisation. Data were examined using thematic analysis.
Results: Three main typologies were developed to describe participants’ experiences of the care provided to women; 1) Dismissing and denying; 2) Acknowledging but unprepared; 3) Empathising but despairing.
Discussion: Gender, professional training, adherence to the biomedical model, and level of experience influenced health professionals’ experiences.
Conclusions: Health professionals in this study held varying attitudes towards female consumers and responses to sexual violence. Our findings suggest the need to address individual staff perceptions and promote trauma-informed and gender-sensitive care across all disciplines, genders and levels of experience.
Overweight and Obesity among children under five in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 National Demographic Health Survey: A Case Control Study
Authors: Weldearegay Haftom Gebrehiwot , Gebrehiwot Tesfay Gebregzabher , Abrha Mulugeta Woldu , Mulugeta Afework
Published: October 2019

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the determinants of overweight and obesity among children under five years in Ethiopia.

Results

Data from a total of 672 (224 cases and 448 controls) under five years of age children were included in the study. Urban residence (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.29, 5.34), boys (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.22) and age of the child less than six months (AOR=3.40, 95%CI: 2.05, 5.64) were the determinants for being childhood overweight and obesity.
The Comparasion Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate with Telbivudine in Preventing Hepatitis B Transmission in Mothers with High Viral Load: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Ming , Zhu Yunxia , Pang Qiumei , Li Ran , Zhang Hua
Published: October 2019

Background

Little observational data exist regarding the comparasion of efficacy and safety between tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF) and Telbivudine(Ldt) in late pregnancy on preventing hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in real-world settings.Methods

We retrospectively enrolled HB-s antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers with HBV DNA ≥2*10 5 IU/mL to receive TDF or LdT after gestational weeks 24~32 weeks. All infants received standard immunoprophylaxis. The primary outcomes were the MTCT rates at infants’ age of 52 weeks and the safety of TDF or LdT use. The secondary outcomes were the decline of HBV-DNA levels at delivery and the rates of on-treatment and off-treatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation>2 uper limit normal(ULN) during the study.Results

Of 1407 patients enrolled, 209 patients received TDF treatment and 1198 patients received LdT treatment. There were no difference between the mean duration of TDF and Ldt treatment (TDF vs.LdT: 11.76±2.20 weeks vs 11.64±2.79 weeks, P >0.05) .At birth, 9.8% of infants in the TDF-treatment group were HBsAg positive, lower than 20.8% in the LDT-treatment group (P<0.001). Among 1405 infants (TDF/LdT=213/1192) of the 1385 (TDF/LdT=205/1180) patients completed the 52-week study, intention‐to‐treat analysis indicated 0.5% (1 infant was lost to follow-up) in TDF treated mother and 0.3% in LDT treated mothers (3 infant was lost to follow-up). There was no difference between TDF group and LdT(P>0.05). On-treatment analysis indicated 0% of HBsAg positive infants in the three group (P>0.05). The levels of HBV-DNA decline in TDF-treated mothers were observed comparable in LdT treated mother (4.05±0.93 log 10 IU/ml vs.3.99±1.30 log 10 IU/ml, P> 0.05).TDF treated mothers had complained more symptoms of .nausea,anorexia and dizziness and less arthralgia than LdT treated mothers. All the adverse events of three groups were grade I-II.Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation(>2ULN) in TDF-treated mothers were observed lower in TDF-treated mothers than LdT-treated mothers(7.3% vs.15.7%, P < 0.05). Alanine aminotransferase flares in TDF-treated mothers were observed lower than LdT-treated mothers(7.3% vs.15.7%, P < 0.05) .Conclusions

TDF and LdT use in late pregnancy for highly viremic mothers was equally effective in reducing MTCT. TDF treated mothers complained more symptoms of disgestive systemmore and had less ALT abnormalities than LdT.
A Course on Endovascular Training for Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (ET-REBOA): A Pilot Study for Residents and Specialists
Authors: Chang Sung Wook , Lee Seok Won , Jo Han Cheol , Kim Dong Hun , Chang Ye Rim
Published: October 2019

Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has emerged as a salvage technique changing the paradigm in the management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage. However, training for the REBOA procedure is rarely performed. The endovascular training for REBOA (ET-REBOA) course was conducted to develop the endovascular skills of participants. Methods: Sixteen residents and 12 specialists participated in this educational course. All participants were provided with pre-course learning materials that consisted of a lecture on the introduction of REBOA and a demonstration video clip a week before the course. The ET-REBOA course consisted of two sections: an ultrasound-guided sheath insertion on the puncture model, and a balloon manipulation on the vascular circuit model. A 13-item procedure checklist and the time required to perform the procedure were examined. Pre/post self-reported confidence score and course satisfaction questionnaire was obtained. Results: Twenty-eight participants performed the 56 REBOA procedures. Seven of 16 residents failed their first attempt. On the first attempt, the median total time for REBOA from ultrasound-guided vascular access to balloon inflation was 1139 ± 250 s in the resident group and 828 ± 280 s in the specialist group. The median shortened time for completion was 273 s in the resident group and 290 s in the specialist group. A significant decrease in procedure task time was observed between first and second attempt in the resident group (p = 0.016), specialist group (p = 0.004), and in total amongst all participants (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The ET-REBOA course significantly decreased the time taken to perform the REBOA procedure with high satisfaction of the participants. The course could be an effective curriculum for the development of endovascular skills for performing REBOA.
Identification of specific B cell linear epitopes of Mycoplasma hyorhinis P37 protein using monoclonal antibodies against baculovirus-expressed P37 protein
Authors: Zhu Hongzhen , Wei Yanwu , Huang Liping , Liu Dan , Xie Yongxing , Xia Deli , Bian Haiqiao , Feng Li , Liu Changming
Published: October 2019

Background

Mycoplasma hyorhinis (Mhr) is the etiologic agent of lameness and polyserositis in swine. P37 is a membrane protein of Mhr that may be an important immunogen and is a potential target for diagnostic development. However, there is little information concerning Mhr P37 protein epitopes. A precise analysis of the P37 protein epitopes should extend our understanding of the antigenic composition of the P37 protein and the humoral immune responses to Mhr infection. Investigating the epitopes of Mhr P37 will help to establish a detection method for Mhr in tissue and provide an effective tool for detecting Mhr infection.

Results

Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) confirmed that the expressed P37 protein was recognized by Mhr-positive porcine and mouse sera. Furthermore, the P37 protein was purified using affinity chromatography and used to immunize mice for hybridoma cell fusion. Four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) found to be positive for Mhr were detected in infected lung tissue. A panel of truncated P37 proteins was used to identify the minimal B cell linear epitopes of the protein based on these mAbs. The core epitope was determined to be 206 KIKKAWNDKDWNTFRNF 222 .

Conclusions

In this study, we identified 17 critical amino acids that determine the epitope of the P37 protein of Mhr. This study identified mAbs that could provide useful tools for investigating the Mhr P37 antigenic core epitope (amino acids 206-222) and detecting Mhr-specific antigens in infected tissue.
Manure and Management Affect Grassland Production and Soil Quality in Organic Lamb Production
Authors: Bryan William B. , Mata Domingo J. , Gekara Ondieki J.
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas

Effects of small applications of manure on soil quality will persist for 10 yr.

Designating grassland use as pasture only will maintain productivity and soil quality.

Using grassland for hay will increase production and lower soil quality.

Grasslands occupy many hectares of hill land. Little research has been published on grassland management on such land. Two farming systems, producing spring lamb, were compared in the 10‐yr experiment reported here. Treatments were low and high external inputs with three replications. Animals were on the grassland all year, from which they obtained over 90% of annual feed requirements. Manure was applied in Years 1 and 3 to the fields under high‐external‐inputs treatment. Herbage mass accumulation, botanical composition, lamb performance, and soil quality were measured. Three grassland uses were applied to each of one‐third of the area of each system and were designated pasture, buffer, and hay uses. Pasture‐use fields were grazed only. Hay‐use fields were harvested twice for hay and grazed. Buffer‐use areas were harvested for first‐cut hay and grazed. Fields receiving manure accumulated almost 10% more herbage mass and produced almost 30% more lamb ha−1 than fields receiving no manure. Pasture use fields had less grass and more forbs and dead material than buffer and hay uses. Available P, K, Ca, and Mg were greater on manure‐applied fields. Available K and Mg were greater on fields used for pasture compared with hay use. Application of manure (annual addition of 15, 5, and 12 kg ha−1 N, P, and K, respectively), a higher stocking rate, and dividing the grassland resource into pasture, buffer, and hay uses increased lamb production up to 30%ha−1 annually without affecting production per animal.
Degree of Phosphorus Saturation as a Predictor of Redox‐Induced Phosphorus Release from Flooded Soils to Floodwater
Authors: Kumaragamage Darshani , Amarawansha Geethani S. , Indraratne Srimathie P. , Jayarathne Kumudu , Flaten Donald N. , Zvomuya Francis , Akinremi Olalekan O.
Published: October 2019

Phosphorus (P) loss from soils is often enhanced under flooded, anaerobic conditions, increasing the risk of freshwater eutrophication. We aimed to develop a predictive tool to identify soils with greater P release potential under summer‐flooded conditions, which would help in developing strategies to mitigate P losses. One in situ mesocosm study was conducted in field plots with three treatments: cattle manure amended, monoammonium phosphate amended, and unamended. Two ex situ field mesocosm studies were conducted, each having 12 surface soils from agricultural fields. Prior to flooding, soils were analyzed for various soil test P (STP, intensity) and P sorption measures (capacity), and degree of P saturation (DPS) indices were calculated using different intensity and capacity combinations. Mesocosms were flooded and redox potential, pore water, and floodwater dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations were determined periodically up to 42 (in situ) and 56 d (ex situ) after the onset of flooding. Floodwater DRP increased significantly in most soils with flooding time, and the maximum DRP (DRPmax) was considered as the flooding‐induced P release risk. Relationships between floodwater DRPmax and STP or DPS indices were established separately for low‐P (Olsen P ≤ 30 mg kg−1) and high‐P (>30 mg kg−1) soils. Several STP indices effectively predicted the P release risk from high‐P soils, but not from low‐P soils. However, DPS calculated using Olsen P (intensity) and P sorption capacity or P saturation index (capacity) performed better in predicting summer flooding‐induced P release across all soil categories, with a higher predictive power.

Core Ideas

Floodwater P concentration increased with flooding time in most soils.

High P release risk with flooding was shown even in soils with low soil test P.

Soil test P was not a good predictor of flooding‐induced risk of P release from soils.

Several degree of P saturation indices were better predictors than soil test P.

Identifying soils with high P release risk can help in efforts to mitigate P losses.
Comparison of Weighted and Unweighted Stage‐Wise Analysis for Genome‐Wide Association Studies and Genomic Selection
Authors: Damesa Tigist Mideksa , Hartung Jens , Gowda Manje , Beyene Yoseph , Das Biswanath , Semagn Kassa , Piepho Hans‐Peter
Published: October 2019

Both genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) are done using phenotypic and genomic data. The phenotypic data are usually based on multi‐environment trials (MET). For both GWAS and GS the analysis can be conducted using a single‐stage or a stage‐wise approach. Single‐stage analysis is most efficient but it can also be computationally demanding. The computational demand increases compared to purely phenotypic analysis when marker information is added for doing the GWAS or the GS. Application of stage‐wise analysis is a common alternative procedure to alleviate the computational burden in MET analysis, and it can also be used for GWAS and/or GS. If done properly, it can closely mimic single‐stage analysis. The aim of this study is to compare weighted stage‐wise analysis versus unweighted stage‐wise analysis for GWAS and GS using phenotypic and genotypic maize data. For weighting we use a fully efficient and a diagonal method. Our result show that weighting is to be preferred over unweighted analysis and that there is a modest advantage in using the fully efficient weighting method over other weighting methods for GS. For GWAS the diagonal weighting method performs better, however, its difference from the fully efficient weighting is very small.
Importância Socioeconômica da Integração Avícola para os Produtores da Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Cielo Ivanete Daga , Rocha Júnior Weimar Freire da , Sanches-Canevesi Fernanda Cristina
Published: October 2019

A avicultura é um setor em expansão e representativo para a economia Brasileira. No Estado do Paraná (maior produtor e exportador de carne de frango do país) o sistema agroindustrial (SAG) assume maior destaque representando 11% do valor bruto da produção do agronegócio. Este SAG é também o maior gerador de emprego e renda do agronegócio paranaense, contribuindo para o aumento significativo da economia estadual. Ademais, dos setores do agronegócio, a avicultura é o que tem maior potencial de geração de empregos haja vista que demanda muita mão de obra para produção e industrialização. Nesse cenário, como objetivo central, esse estudo buscou investigar os impactos socioeconômicos da atividade avícola para produtores de frango de corte da Mesorregião Oeste Paranaense (MROP), bem como, identificar o perfil e características desses sujeitos. Para tanto, este estudo de cunho qualitativo, reflete os resultados de um questionário aplicado in loco a 133 avicultores da MROP. Os principais resultados apontam que a atividade é regida contratualmente entre produtores e agroindústrias pelo denominado sistema de integração avícola e composta pelo predomínio de produtores com pequenas propriedades. Estes, demonstram-se, de modo geral, satisfeitos, tanto em relação à lucratividade quanto à garantia do retorno sobre o investimento realizado em suas propriedades. De modo geral, os resultados apontam para um cenário favorável à avicultura na região estudada, avaliada de forma positiva pelos agentes envolvidos.
Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável: iniciativa de economia social e solidária no contexto do turismo
Authors: Ronconi Luciana Francisco de Abreu , Menezes Elaine Cristina de Oliveira , Bittencourt Bernadete De Lourdes
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho buscou compreender de que maneira um empreendimento de economia social e solidária situado na Comunidade da Costa da Lagoa, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, contribui para o fortalecimento, tanto do turismo, quanto da cultura local, rumo ao desenvolvimento territorial sustentável. As atividades relacionadas ao turismo são, atualmente, as responsáveis pela economia do local superando as tradicionais atividades relacionadas com à agricultura de subsistência e à pesca artesanal. Partindo-se de um referencial teórico sobre economia social e solidária e desenvolvimento territorial sustentável a pesquisa qualitativa, caracterizou-se como estudo de caso exploratório e descritivo e contou com entrevistas semiestruturadas junto aos representantes da cooperativa de barcos. O estudo constatou que a cooperativa tem sido um espaço de integração social, construção de identidade e cidadania. Todavia, os entrevistados pontuam a carência de assessoria qualificada e de apoio técnico, assim como de investimentos de órgãos públicos e de organizações não-governamentais para que haja maior incremento do turismo e desenvolvimento do território.
Bağımsız Denetçi Raporunda Kilit Denetim Konuları: Olası Etkileri
Authors: Uzun Kocamış Tuğçe , Yıldırım Gülçin
Published: October 2019

Kamu Gözetim Kurumu tarafından
2017 yılında yayınlanan BDS 701 Kilit Denetim Konuları (KDK) standardı ile
denetçi raporlarına farklı bir boyut kazandırılması amaçlanırken aynı zamanda
denetçinin sorumluluğu da bu standart kapsamında düzenlenmektedir. KDK ile
amaçlanan denetçi raporlarının hesap verilebilirliğini ve şeffaflığını
sağlayarak iletişim değerini arttırmaktır. Denetim planlanması sürecinde her
işletmeye özgü KDK’nın belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Yatırımcılar açısından
değerlendirildiğinde KDK raporların şeffaflık düzeyinin artmasına katkı
sağlarken raporların güven düzeyinde azalmaya yol açabilecek ve denetçinin
sorumluluğu da artacaktır. Bu çalışmada, kilit denetim konularının BDS 701
Kilit Denetim Konuları çerçevesinde nasıl belirlendiği ve denetçinin raporda
vurgulaması gereken konular ve olası etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Identification of Drought-Responsive Proteins of Sensitive and Tolerant Tea (Camellia sinensis L) Clones under Normal and Drought Stress Conditions
Authors: Rahimi Mehdi , Kordrostami Mojtaba , Mortezavi Mojtaba , SafaeiChaeikar Sanam
Published: October 2019

Background:

Tea is one of the most popular calming drinks. Drought is a major environmental
factor that limited the growth and development of plants.

Objective: :

Therefore, the identification of proteins under the drought stress conditions in tea can have
an essential role in the breeding programs and tea production.

Methods::

For this purpose, 14 tea clones were studied under normal and drought stress conditions in
two separate experiments, and the leaves of the clones were stored at −80°C. After the identification of
two clones (100 and 278) as tolerant and sensitive clones, respectively, the proteomics approach was
used to compare the leaf protein profile changes under both conditions.

Results::

The results of proteomics showed about 500 detectable protein spots, of which 250 spots were
repeatable. Among the 250 reproducible spots, 16 spots responded to the drought stress, which showed
the highest amount of variation among the treatments. Thioredoxin, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase,
ribosomal protein, and hsp70 were mentioned among the identified proteins. These proteins were involved
in various cellular functions.

Conclusion::

Identified proteins also had a crucial role in regulating carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism
and the scavenging of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Upregulation of proteins involved in
protein processing (ribosomal protein), oxygen species scavenging, and defense (Superoxide dismutase,
Peroxidase, and thioredoxin) may increase plant adaptation to drought stress. This study was
the first report that showed ribosomal protein L32 was significantly changed in tea against drought
stress response. Therefore, these proteins can protect the plant against drought stress. This study partially
identified the drought stress proteins in the tea plant.
Corticosteroid as an Adjunct in the Treatment of Endobronchial Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review & Meta-analysis
Authors: Mishra Nihar R. , Panigrahi Manoj K. , Bhatt Girish C. , Das Rashmi R.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Corticosteroid exerts anti-inflammatory action and can prevent tissue
damage resulting from various causes. Studies have shown that corticosteroids may prevent the
damaging effect of tuberculosis (TB) in various organs, but there is no published meta-analysis
specifically looking for the effect of corticosteroid in endobronchial TB.

Objective:

To synthesize the evidence regarding the usefulness of corticosteroid in endo-bronchial
TB.

Methods:

A comprehensive search was performed of the major electronic databases till 30th November
2018. Randomized trials comparing treatment with corticosteroid as an adjunct to antitubercular
drugs (ATT) versus placebo/no treatment in endobronchial TB were included. Three
authors independently applied eligibility criteria, assessed the studies for methodological quality,
and extracted data. The review is registered at PROSPERO database [CRD42016047063].

Results:

Out of 525 search results, 4 trials including 205 patients (151 children) were eligible for
inclusion. Oral prednisolone was used in various dose schedules. Rifampicin containing ATT regimen
was used in 3 trials. The bronchoscopy findings showed no significant improvement at 1
month (effect size could not be calculated due to 0 event in the intervention group, p = 0.05), 2
months (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.8), and at completion of ATT (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.1 to 4.14) in
steroid-treated group compared to the control group. The need for repeat bronchoscopy was significantly
decreased in the steroid group (RR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.9). Among the adverse events, the
infection rate was significantly lesser in the steroid group (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.97); but other
adverse events (mortality, hypertension, and abdominal distension) showed no significant difference
between the two groups. The GRADE evidence generated was of very low quality.

Conclusions:

The present meta-analysis showed that oral steroid does not help patients with endobronchial
tuberculosis. However, the quality of evidence was very low. Future trials with robust
design and a larger sample size would be required to provide any firm recommendation regarding
the use of oral prednisolone in endobronchial tuberculosis.
Observation of the Pulp Chamber of Maxillary First Premolars: A Micro-computed Tomographic Study
Authors: Serindere Gozde , Belgin Ceren Aktuna , Orhan Kaan
Published: October 2019

Background:

There are a few studies about the evaluation of maxillary first premolars
internal structure with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The aim of this study was to assess
morphological features of the pulp chamber in maxillary first premolar teeth using micro-
CT.

Methods:

Extracted 15 maxillary first premolar teeth were selected from the patients who were in
different age groups. The distance between the pulp orifices, the diameter of the pulp and the
width of the pulp chamber floor were measured on the micro-CT images with the slice thickness
of 13.6 µm. The number of root canal orifices and the presence of isthmus were evaluated.

Results:

The mean diameter of orifices was 0.73 mm on the buccal side while it was 0.61 mm on
palatinal side. The mean distance between pulp orifices was 2.84 mm. The mean angle between
pulp orifices was -21.53°. The mean height of pulp orifices on the buccal side was 4.32 mm while
the mean height of pulp orifices on the palatinal side was 3.56 mm. The most observed shape of
root canal orifices was flattened ribbon. No isthmus was found in specimens.

Conclusion:

Minor anatomical structures can be evaluated in more detail with micro-CT. The observation
of the pulp cavity was analyzed using micro-CT.
Lung Cancer Classification and Gene Selection by Combining Affinity Propagation Clustering and Sparse Group Lasso
Authors: Li Juntao , Chang Mingming , Gao Qinghui , Song Xuekun , Gao Zhiyu
Published: October 2019

Background:

Cancer threatens human health seriously. Diagnosing cancer via gene expression analysis is a hot topic in cancer research.

Objective:

The study aimed to diagnose the accurate type of lung cancer and discover the pathogenic genes.

Methods:

In this study, Affinity Propagation (AP) clustering with similarity score was employed to each type of lung cancer and normal lung. After grouping genes, sparse group lasso was adopted to construct four binary classifiers and the voting strategy was used to integrate them.

Results:

This study screened six gene groups that may associate with different lung cancer subtypes among 73 genes groups, and identified three possible key pathogenic genes, KRAS, BRAF and VDR. Furthermore, this study achieved improved classification accuracies at minority classes SQ and COID in comparison with other four methods.

Conclusion:

We propose the AP clustering based sparse group lasso (AP-SGL), which provides an alternative for simultaneous diagnosis and gene selection for lung cancer.
A Survey of Metrics Measuring Difference for Rooted Phylogenetic Trees
Authors: Wang Juan , Qi Xinyue , Cui Bo , Guo Maozu
Published: October 2019

Background:

The evolutionary history of organisms can be described by phylogenetic trees. We need to compare the topologies of rooted phylogenetic trees when researching the evolution of a given set of species.

Objective:

Up to now, there are several metrics measuring the dissimilarity between rooted phylogenetic trees, and those metrics are defined by different ways.

Methods:

This paper analyzes those metrics from their definitions and the distance values computed by those metrics by terms of experiments.

Results:

The results of experiments show that the distances calculated by the cluster metric, the partition metric, and the equivalent metric have a good Gaussian fitting, and the equivalent metric can describe the difference between trees better than the others.

Conclusion:

Moreover, it presents a tool called as CDRPT (Computing Distance for Rooted Phylogenetic Trees). CDRPT is a web server to calculate the distance for trees by an on-line way. CDRPT can also be off-line used by means of installing application packages for the Windows system. It greatly facilitates the use of researchers. The home page of CDRPT is http://bioinformatics.imu.edu.cn/tree/.
Methodological Approach for the Analysis of Artistic Creativity through First-Person Analysis
Authors: D’Argyll Pierre
Published: October 2019

Can the study of a single subject by means of a first-person analysis be considered from a scientific methodological approach? The response from neurophenomenology is yes. The recent science of consciousness led by Francisco Varela claims the need to use first-person data, subjective-experiential reports to link them with neurobiological correlates of classically scientific third-person data. I address here a systematic disciplined methodology to translate first-person analysis to the field of art creativity to be performed by the own artist/subject. The goal is to formulate a methodology to be further validated and standardized by other artists willing to perform an introspective analysis, in what can be considered open to “intersubjective validation” in terms of Varela. First-person analysis by the artist herself might reciprocally offer the basis for scientific understanding of the neural processes involved in the synthesis of a creative artwork. Finally, better understanding in the mechanisms involved in inspiration, synthesis and execution of art-work may also help an artist to enhance his/her creative abilities.
Принципы и применения Рамановской микроскопии. Лекция доктора Сатоши Кавата
Authors: Кавата Сатоши
Published: October 2019

Фундаментальные исследования расширяют горизонты
нашего знания, расчищая дорогу инженерной мысли.
Результаты теоретических исследований на переднем крае
науки ложатся в основу новых технологий, позволяющих
создавать передовые инструменты для экспериментаторов,
открывающих и накапливающих новые данные, опираясь на
которые теоретики делают дальнейшие шаги в понимании
основ окружающего нас мира. В этой цепочке тесного
взаимодействия ученых и инженеров часто упускают
важное звено – научный менеджмент, целью которого
является максимальное сокращение времени внедрения
инноваций от момента открытия до серийного производства
оборудования, работающего на основе этих открытий.
О методологии оценки конформности атомно-слоевого осаждения тонких пленок в высокоаспектных наноструктурах
Authors: Васильев В.Ю.
Published: October 2019

Рассмотрены проблемы и способы количественной характеризации конформности тонкопленочных покрытий на поверхностях высокоаспектных наноструктур при атомно-слоевом осаждении (АСО). Автор развивает ранее предложенную методологию анализа конформности тонкопленочных покрытий методами химического и плазменного осаждения из газовой фазы и АСО. Предложенная автором методология позволяет проводить адекватную оценку и количественное сравнение результатов для структур различной сложности при использовании различных методов и режимов получения тонких пленок методом АСО.
Модифицирование гальванического покрытия олово-висмут углеродными нанотрубками для повышения коррозионной стойкости
Authors: Давыдова Д.В. , Тарасова Н.В. , Дьяков И.А. , Литовка Ю.В.
Published: October 2019

Показаны результаты исследования влияния углеродных нанотрубок "Таунит" на коррозионные свойства гальванического покрытия сплавом олово-висмут в растворе 0,1М Na2SO4. Показано, что добавки снижают потенциал коррозии до 54%.
Роль наноструктурной сверхпластичности при изготовлении моноколеса компрессора газотурбинного двигателя
Authors: Медведев А.Ю. , Астанин В.В. , Семенова И.П.
Published: October 2019

Анализ данных о строении и свойствах сварных соединений и математическое моделирование показали роль высокоскоростной сверхпластичности наноструктурного состояния в формировании сварного соединения при линейной сварке трением Ti-сплавов.
Определение толщины пленок методом спектроскопической рефлектометрии с использованием алгоритмов быстрого преобразования Фурье.
Authors: Асиновский Л. , Никулин Д. , Васильев В.
Published: October 2019

В работе приведены примеры применения программного пакета обработки отраженных спектров для определения толщины пленок на подложках и анализа многослойных пленочных структур. Представлен обзор практических применений программного обеспечения TFCompanion (Semiconsoft) в составе измерительных комплексов MProbe® (Semiconsoft) для измерения и анализа отраженных спектров и расчета толщины толстых пленок с использованием встроенных алгоритмов быстрого преобразования Фурье (БПФ).