bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of School Head Academic Supervision on the Achievement of the National Standards of Middle School Education in Bima City
Authors: Riyadi Ibnu Wahyu , Karta Wayan , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: December 2019

This research is motivated by the importance of academic supervision by school principals on national education standards in the fulfillment of SNP achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the contribution of the influence of academic supervision of school principals on the achievement of National Standards of Middle School Education in the City of Bima. The approach taken in this research is ex post facto in which the researcher does not give treatment to the research variables. But examine the facts that have happened. Then the facts are explored using a questionnaire that contains a number of questions that reflect various aspects of the research variable. The sample in this study was principals and junior high school teachers in Bima City. To determine the contribution of the influence of the implementation of academic supervision of school principals to the achievement of the National Education Standards performed using Canonical Correlation analysis. Canonical correlation analysis is a multivariate analysis technique that can be used to identify and measure linear relationships involving more than one independent variable and more than one dependent variable. In this study the canonical correlation analysis is used to analyze the relationship between the academic supervision of the principal and the achievement of the National Standards for Junior High School in the City of Bima. There are three criteria used to interpret canonical functions, namely canonical weights, canonical loads, and canonical cross-loads. The results of data analysis showed that two canonical functions were obtained. The interpretation of the first canonical function was chosen because it was judged to be more feasible based on the significance test of the canonical function together or individually. The results of the interpretation show that the principal's academic supervision and the achievement of national education standards have quite strong links. The biggest contribution made by the independent and dependent variables is planning academic supervision and assessment standards. The conclusions of this study are as follows: There is an influence of the principal's supervision on the achievement of the National Standards of Middle School Education in the City of Bima. Based on the results of this study it is recommended that the implementation of the principal's academic supervision be maintained because it has a positive effect on the achievement of the National Education Standards. Keywords: academic supervision, national standards of education, canonical correlation
Yusuf Al-Qaradawi Concept on Professional Zakat
Authors: Husain Hukmiah , Hamzah Nasir , Asse Ambo , Kara Muslimim
Published: December 2019

The research findings show that Yusuf al-Qaradawi views the management of zakat on profession as a general ruling, istinba aw, qiyas, a part of the principles of justice and principles of benefit  (maqasidal-syariah). Besides, the findings indicate that the historical aspect of zakat on profession (Asar) refers to the zakat management practised in the era of Companions of the Prophet (pbuh), Tabi’in and Tabi’-tabi’in. The next sub discussion is about zakat collection method. The research findings reveal that Yusuf al-Qaradawi prefers to use gold as the parameter for the calculation of zakat on profession (85 grams). Zakat quantity is derived from the amount of asset after being reduced by the primary needs of a muzakki and their dependants as well as the due debts. Moreover, according to Yusuf al-Qaradawi, haul (a span of one year) is not necessarily a mandatory requirement. In this case, he bases his arguments on the practices of some of the Companions of the Prophet (pbuh) such as Umar ibn Khattab, Mu’awiyahbi Abi Sufyan, Ibnu Mas’ud, and tabi’ insuch as Umar ibn Abdul Aziz, as well as the statements of tabi’ tabi’in such as Ahmad bin Hanbal and Abu Hanifah. Therefore, Yusuf al-Qaradawi argues that the zakat on profession is as much as 2.5% from total income.
Human Resource Scorecard (HRSC) and Objective Matrix as Performance Measurement and Performance Booster Method to Optimize Production Performance
Authors: Hardi Jesen , Supardi Deppy , Angelo Christopher , Farhan Nicko , CND Farrell , Ahmad Ahmad , Jap Lilyana , Handoko Indria , Istijanto Istijanto , Rijanto Arief
Published: December 2019

The development technology is something that happens quickly and surely this is marked by the number of new manufacturing companies that are emerging and spreading throughout the world. In the manufacturing industry the most important thing that must always be maintained is production efficiency, but the majority of industries only pay attention to the efficiency aspects of their production activities without regard to the aspects of humans who work in the industry. Human resource scorecard (HRSC) is an appropriate measurement method in identifying and measuring the relationship between workers, strategy, and performance to produce a good company. This human resource performance measurement is looking at business units from four perspectives: financial perspective (F), the customer (C), internal business process (I), and learning and growth (L). Each perspective in HRSC weighted by Analytical Hierarchy process method and then calculated by Objective Matrix (OMAX) to identify which category needed an extra attention and need to be repaired. The end result of OMAX will be reviewed by management theory so the solution made in this analysis will produce the best end result that needed by the company. This measurement is very critical to the company because the competition between company is getting tougher nowadays. HRSC measurement was carried in PT OCM by describing the company’s vision and mission into human resource action whose contribution can be measured using AHP analysis in 4 perspectives: financial perspective with a weight of 0.396, customer perspective (employee) with a weight of 0.118, internal business perspective with a weight of 0.240, and growth and development perspective with a weight of 0.247 after that PT OCM use that measurement in OMAX method to determine what KPI needed extra attention and repairment, management based theory will be applied in that solution to give the best result.
Correlation between Social Support from Orphanage Administrator and Future Orientation of Teenager Living in Orphanage
Authors: Firghianti Nissa Ramdhita , Lestari Nuzul Mela , Sirait Nursia
Published: December 2019

The objectives of the study are to determine the description of the future orientation of teenager living in orphanage, to know the description of social support from orphanage administrator, and to know whether or not there is a correlation between social support from orphanage administrator and the future orientation of teenager living in orphanage. This is a quantitative research. The subjects of the study were 200 teenagers living in orphanage. The sampling was carried out using total sampling technique. The data validity was done through validity and reliability tests. The data collection method was performed by using a psychological scale. The data analysis technique was performed using product moment correlation analysis. The results showed that the two research variables, social support from orphanage administrator and future orientation of teenager living in orphanage, are in the high category: 55% and 66%. Based on the calculation results, the R-score between the variables of social support and future orientation is 0.526 with a significance of 0.000 (p < 0.01). It means that there is a significant positive correlation between social support and future orientation of teenager living in orphanage.
BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION, SOURCES AND LEVELS OF N INCREASE THE MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN CERRADO
Authors: KANEKO FLAVIO HIROSHI , FERREIRA JOÃO PAULO , SABUNDJIAN MICHELLE TRAETE , FREITAS LEAL AGUINALDO JOSÉ , VAN CLEEF ERIC HAYDT CASTELLO BRANCO , REIS ANDRÉ RODRIGUES , BUZETTI SALATIÉR , ARF MARCELO VALENTINI , ARF ORIVALDO
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inoculation with A. brasilense, sources and levels of sidedress nitrogen (N) on agronomic traits of maize cultivated in two regions of Brazilian Cerrado during the summer season. The experiments were conducted during the 2011/12 growing season in Chapadão do Sul and Selvíria Cities, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial scheme (with and without inoculation with A. brasilense, two sources of N [regular urea and polymer coated urea], and 5 levels of sidedress N [0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha-1], with 4 replicates for each location. The inoculation with A. brasilense, in the absence of sidedress N significantly increased the maize yield cultivated in Selvíria. However, the inoculation showed no effect on maize yield when cultivated in Chapadão do Sul. The polymer coated urea provided greater maize yield cultivated in Chapadão do Sul, however, no difference between sources of urea were observed in Selvíria. The greatest levels of sidedress N, without inoculation with A. brasilense showed the greatest maize yield in both locations.
Pessoas trans no ensino superior: lutas por acesso e permanência, a exemplo da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (2012-2015)
Authors: Silva Keo , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez
Published: December 2019

As resoluções normativas das universidades brasileiras que garantem o nome social de alunos e alunas trans foram passo importante na luta por reconhecimento desse segmento populacional. Políticas institucionais como essa podem compor um projeto mais abrangente, a democratização do ensino superior no Brasil. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho se ocupa de um comentário sobre essa problemática e da análise da experiência da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), resultado das lutas por reconhecimento efetivadas em um conjunto de resoluções. Ainda que insuficientes, os avanços têm sido importantes, entre os quais se destaca o direito ao nome social. Esse processo diz das possibilidades de a Universidade brasileira ampliar direitos, contribuindo com o avanço democrático. No entanto, as disputas políticas atuais não dão margem para otimismo no que tange à garantia de direitos e acesso à cidadania, colocando sob ameaça a democratização de espaços como a Universidade.
Terrorismo y derecho penal. Del derecho penal como instrumento de última ratio al derecho penal del enemigo = Terrorism and criminal law. From a criminal law concept as extrema ratio to enemy criminal law
Authors: Cutrale Elisabetta
Published: December 2019

RESUMEN: La agresión terrorista ha supuesto, a nivel nacional y internacional, el problema de la creación de un sistema penal de reacción a tal fenómeno. Sin embargo, la necesidad de una contestación urgente ha tenido como consecuencia una incertidumbre general que lleva en sí misma el riesgo de la negación del Estado de derecho para adoptar la lógica del derecho penal del enemigo. Este escrito -a través el análisis de la teoría de Gunther Jakobs, teórico del derecho penal del enemigo- describe las repercusiones, parafraseando a Ferrajoli, de una falta de “asimetría entre Estados de derecho y violencia extra legal”. ABSTRACT: The fear of terrorism has created, at national and international level, a criminal law system to react to this phenomenon. The need for a rapid answer to the problem has led to legal uncertainty that carries with it the risk of the negation of the legal state to adopt the logic of the enemy's criminal law. This writing, through the analysis of the theory by Gunther Jakobs, theorist of the enemy's criminal law, describes which are the negative repercussions of a lack of "asymmetry between legal state and extra legal violence” mentioning Luigi Ferrajoli. PALABRAS CLAVE: ciudadano,enemigo,pena,derecho penal,Estado de derecho. KEYWORDS: Citizen, enemy, punishment, criminal law, legal state.
Post Vaccine Rubella During a Measles Outbreak: Clinical Case
Authors: Graça Luísa , Pereira Sara , Duro Raquel , Sarmento António
Published: December 2019

Rubella is a vaccine preventable infection, and congenital rubella the most feared complication of this disease. Although young adult women are at greatest risk of post-vaccine rubella, this is also the group who potentially benefits the most from vaccine protection. Since post-vaccine disease has a mild and self-limited course, the benefit clearly exceeds the risk. During a measles outbreak in the north of Portugal, a 38-year-old woman presented with cervical posterior lymphadenopathies, fever and a maculo-papular rash one week after the administration of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. Measles was discarded and rubella viremia was demonstrated. Symptoms of rubella are non-specific and laboratory confirmation is essential. This is particularly relevant during a measles outbreak.
RELEVANSI METODOLOGI TAfSIR KONTEMPORER (STUDI ATAS PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD THALBI)
Authors: Abdurrahman Nihayah
Published: December 2019

The main problem of interpretation is actually the giving of meaning and production of meaning, however, Muhammad Thalbi views the nature of interpretation, for Muhammad Thalbi the nature of interpretation is how an interpreter is able to fnd authentic meaning from a text through the socio-historical context then, then catching the aspect of the moral ideal to contextualize the meaning in the present era with the new methodology, the Qur’an must be seen as if it had just come down yesterday and the Prophet had just greeted us. This is in line with what was revealed by Thalbi that the new age also requires interpretation with a perspective that is open to renewal. With a historical approach that is ﬂavored with a humanist perspective, he encourages a more open interpretation of the Qur’an through what he calls the approach (Qirâ ‘at Tarȋ khiyah)
Bisphenols as A Legacy Pollutant, and Their Effects on Organ Vulnerability
Authors: Kim Jong-Joo , Kumar Surendra , Kumar Vinay , Kim You-Sam , Lee Yun-Mi , Kumar Vijay
Published: December 2019

Bisphenols are widely used in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and thermal paper, which are used in manufacturing items of daily use. Packaged foods and drinks are the main sources of exposure to bisphenols. These chemicals affect humans and animals by disrupting the estrogen, androgen, progesterone, thyroid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor functions. Bisphenols exert numerous harmful effects because of their interaction with receptors, ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell signal alterations. Both cohort and case-control studies have determined an association between bisphenol exposure and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, reproductive abnormalities, obesity, and diabetes. Prenatal exposure to bisphenol results in developmental disorders in animals. These chemicals also affect the immune cells and play a significant role in initiating the inflammatory response. Exposure to bisphenols exhibit age, gender, and dose-dependent effects. Even at low concentrations, bisphenols exert toxicity, and hence deserve a critical assessment for their uses. Since bisphenols have a global influence on human health, the need to discover the underlying pathways involved in all disease conditions is essential. Furthermore, it is important to promote the use of alternatives for bisphenols, thereby restricting their uses.
Polymer Brush Bilayers under Stationary Shear Motion at Non-Linear Response Regime: An Impressive Theoretical Approach
Authors: Edwards Mike
Published: December 2019

The present article addresses the long-standing problem of the polymer brush bilayers under stationary shear ow at non-linear response regime where the system gets a non-Newtonian uid. The main idea behind this research would be the fact that the immense lubricity of the polymer brush bilayers originates from a global restructuring that takes place at large shear rates. It is shown here that physical quantities like, stress tensor, viscosity tensor, the friction coefficient and the chain extensions could become dependent on the shear rate at non-Newtonian regime. Apparently, the sub-linear scaling of the physical quantities at large shear rates is solely due to the fact that the hains stretch in the shear direction.
Analysis of the PAPR Behavior of the OFDM Passband Signal
Authors: Eras Frank Andrés , Carreño Italo Alexander , Borja Thomás , Reinoso Diego Javier , Urquiza-Aguiar Luis , Paredes Paredes Martha Cecilia
Published: December 2019

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique widely used in today's wireless communication systems due to its ability to combat the effects of multi-path in the signal. However, one of the main limitations of the use of OFDM is its high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which reduces the efficiency of the OFDM system. The effects of PAPR can produce both out-of-band and in-band radiation, which degrades the signal by increasing the bit error rate (BER), this occurs in both baseband and bandpass sginals. In this document the effect of the PAPR in a OFDM passband signal is analyzed considering the implementation of a High Power Amplifier (HPA) and the Simple Amplitude Predistortion-Orthogonal Pilot Sequences (OPS-SAP) scheme to reduce the PAPR.
13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis in Developing Flaxseed Embryos to Understand Storage Lipid Biosynthesis
Authors: Acket Sebastien , Degournay Anthony , Rossez Yannick , Mottelet Stephane , Villon Pierre , Troncoso-Ponce Adrian , Thomasset Brigitte
Published: December 2019

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissinum L.) oil is an important source of α-linolenic (C18:3 ω-3), this polyunsaturated fatty acid is well known for its nutritional role in human and animal diet. Understanding storage lipid biosynthesis in developing flaxseed embryos can lead to an increase in seed yield. While a tremendous amount of work has been done on different plant species to highlight their metabolism during embryos development, flaxseed metabolic flux analysis is still lacking. In this context, we have developed an in vitro cultured developing embryos of flaxseed and determined net fluxes by performing three complementary parallel labeling experiments with 13C-labeled glucose and glutamine. Metabolic fluxes were estimated by computer- aided modeling of the central metabolic network including 11 cofactors of 118 reactions of the central metabolism, 12 pseudo fluxes. A focus on lipid storage biosynthesis and the associated pathways was done in comparison with rapeseed, arabidopsis, maize and sunflower embryos. In our conditions, glucose was the main source of carbone of flaxseed embryos, leading to the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) was identified as the producer of NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis. Overall, the use of 13C-metabolic flux analysis provided new insight into flaxseed embryos metabolic processes involved in storage lipids biosynthesis. The elucidation of the metabolic network of this important crop plant reinforces the relevance of the application of this technique to the analysis of complex plant metabolic systems.
Inspection Test of a Tunnel with an Inspection Vehicle for Tunnel Lining Concrete
Authors: Nakamura Satoru , Yamashita Atsushi , Inoue Fumihiro , Inoue Daisuke , Takahashi Yusuke , Kamimura Nobukazu , Ueno Takao ,   Institute of Technology, Tokyu Construction Co., Ltd. 3062-1 Tana, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0244, Japan,   The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan,   Shonan Institute of Technology 1-1-25 Tsujidonishikaigan, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 251-8511, Japan
Published: December 2019

Users of bridges and tunnels are generally concerned about the aging of these structures. Periodic inspections are necessary to keep old bridges and tunnels healthy. Inspection engineers must approach the inspection points as close as possible by mobile elevating of the work platform for close visual inspection of lining concrete. The inspection of a road tunnel particularly requires traffic regulation. Furthermore, it takes much time to perform visual inspection and hammering test for the vast area. Moreover, the inspection results have variations by inspectors. We propose an “Inspection Vehicle” for inspection of tunnel lining concrete by a new technology for infrastructure maintenance. This study reports the finding on element technology of an inspection vehicle and applies a tunnel inspection test.
Shadow-Based Operation Assistant for a Pipeline-Inspection Robot Using a Variance Value of the Image Histogram
Authors: Kakogawa Atsushi ,   Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan, Komurasaki Yuki , Ma Shugen
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a shadow-based operation assistant method for a pipeline-inspection robot using a variance value of the image histogram. By displacing the position of the head camera relative to that of the illuminator, a crescent-shaped shadow appears in the images captured in a bent pipe. The size, position, and orientation of the shadow depend on the robot’s orientation around the pipe axis. By applying the pathway direction of the bent pipe obtained from the image processing to the rolling movement, the robot can automatically adjust its roll-orientation. Experiments were conducted in four types of pipeline environments to verify the autonomous navigation. These include a complex winding pipeline, a long straight pipe, and pipelines with replicated dust and dirt.
Reliable Activation of an EPM-Based Clinging Device for Aerial Inspection Robots
Authors: Masuda Arata ,   Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki-Gosho-Kaido-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, Tanaka Akihiro , Higashi Yoshiyuki , Miura Nanako
Published: December 2019

This study aims to develop a clinging device for structural inspection robots, which are expected to be used to reduce the cost of inspection of aging civil infrastructure and industrial structures. In a previous study, an electro-permanent magnet (EPM)-based clinging device that could electrically turn on and off the magnetic adhesive force against steel structures was proposed. In this study, a more versatile design of the clinging device was firstly presented, and a considerable difficulty regarding the activation process of the EPM which might impair the reliability of the clinging device was stated based on mathematical modeling and experiments. The concept of a two-step activation process was then presented to overcome the stated difficulty, and its implementation using a limit switch-based contact sensor was successfully demonstrated through collision tests. Furthermore, sensorless realization of contact detection by measuring the induced voltage across the coil of the EPM was proposed, and its feasibility was validated.
Development of Hanger-Rope Inspection Robot for Suspension Bridges
Authors: Kajiwara Hidekazu ,   Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan, Hanajima Naohiko , Kurashige Kentarou , Fujihira Yoshinori
Published: December 2019

This paper describes the development of a hanger-rope inspection robot for suspension bridges. The inspection robot inspects the hanger rope by going up and down the rope installed vertically downward from the main cable of a suspension bridge. The going-up-and-down mechanism of the robot consists of a drive roller driven by a motor and a non-excitation electromagnetic brake, and the robot can safely descend after climbing the rope at high speed. The developed robot is small in size and light in weight, and an inspection worker can easily install the robot on the rope. In addition, the robot can be wirelessly controlled with ease from the controller. First, this paper describes the hanger-rope inspection strategy of the suspension bridge. Then, the developed prototype 2 robot is introduced. Next, the result of the hanger-rope inspection in an actual suspension bridge and the problems are clearly revealed by experiment. Finally, the newly developed prototype 3 robot is introduced, and the result of the going-up-and-down experiment is described.
Visualization of Voids Between Tile and Concrete by Multi-Layered Scanning Method with Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Honda Takumi , Tanaka Takayuki , Doi Satoru , Uchida Shigeru , Feng Maria Q. ,   National Institute of Technology, Kushiro College 2-32-1 Otanoshike-nishi, Kushiro-shi, Hokkaido 084-0916, Japan,   Hokkaido University Kita 14, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-00814, Japan,   Obayashi Corporation 4-640 Shimokiyoto, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8558, Japan,   Columbia University 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
Published: December 2019

The tiles that are used to protect the exterior of a building may separate from the concrete substrate and fall off as they age. To prevent accidents, a tiled wall can be inspected using various methods. In this study, nondestructive inspection (NDI) with microwave electromagnetic waves (EMWs) is used for detecting tile separation, and the chance of detecting the separation by this method is discussed in this paper. Here, the inspection apparatus is used to detect voids in concrete, including voids that simulate tile separation. An antenna attached to the apparatus transmits and receives microwaves to obtain a reflected intensity from the concrete. In addition, the distribution of reflected intensity is obtained using a proposed scanning method, multi-layered scanning. This involves several scans along the concrete surface at different antenna-to-surface distances. Typically, EMWs have to be analyzed with an expensive network analyzer in the time or frequency domain. However, we demonstrate that voids are detected from the obtained distribution of the reflected intensity of EMWs measured by a simple device without a network analyzer. The proposed method of NDI with EMWs is cheaper and simpler than conventional inspection methods.
Development of a Spray-Coated Tactile Sensor – Prototype and Modeling of 2D Sensor on Cylindrical Surface –
Authors: Sato Kouki , Canete Luis , Takahashi Takayuki ,   Fukushima University 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan,   University of San Carlos Nasipit Talamban, Cebu City, Cebu 6000, Philippines
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study is to extend the application of the spray-coated tactile sensor, ScoTacS, which is being developed by the authors and can be constructed simply by “coating” with a spray gun, from one dimension to two dimensions, and further to configure it into various shapes such as a ring. This sensor is constructed by coating three layers-conductive, piezoelectric, and resistive films-in sequence. It is based on a unique principle by which the contact position is detected from the delay time, i.e., the time difference between the arrivals of peaks in the output signals. As the delay time varies with the contact position, it can be used to estimate the contact position. In this paper, after analyzing the characteristics of one-dimensional sensors, such as linear and ring sensors, we present the equivalent circuit models and experimental results of a two-dimensional sensor fully coated on a cylinder.
The Implementation of Good Corporate Governance to Develop Islamic Micro Insurance In Indonesia
Authors: Firmansyah Irman
Published: December 2019

This study is aimed to find the best model in order to create Good Corporate Governance (GCG) for Islamic micro insurance development. The research methodology employed in this study was Analytic Network Process (ANP) using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The informants of this consist of practitioners, academia, and researchers who have good understanding of the problem. The finding of this study shows that the priority to embody good corporate governance principle in order to develop Islamic micro insurance in Indonesia namely, responsibilities, followed by equality and fairness, independences, accountability and transparency. In addition, the priorities of strategies that can be implemented to optimize GCG implementation are training and education for human resources, followed by focus on internal control mechanism, and the third is good corporate governance implementation in each level. The finding of this study also contributed to the best model of good corporate governance model to enhance Islamic micro insurance in Indonesia.
Pleasure and Sex Education: The Need for Broadening Both Content and Measurement
Authors: Kantor Leslie M. , Lindberg Laura
Published: December 2019

Sex education in the United States is limited in both its content and the measures used to collect data on what is taught. The risk-reduction framework that guides the teaching of sex education in the United States focuses almost exclusively on avoiding unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, overlooking other critical topics such as the information and skills needed to form healthy relationships and content related to sexual pleasure.

Young people express frustration about the lack of information on sexuality and sexual behavior that is included in sex education programs; sexual and gender minority youths, in particular, feel overlooked by current approaches.

International guidance provides a more robust framework for developing and measuring sex education and suggests a number of areas in which US sex education can improve to better meet the needs of youths.
State-Level Changes in Firearm Laws and Workplace Homicide Rates: United States, 2011 to 2017
Authors: Sabbath Erika L. , Hawkins Summer Sherburne , Baum Christopher F.
Published: December 2019

Objectives. To test whether year-over-year strengthening of state-level firearm laws is associated with decreases in workplace homicide rates.

Methods. In this time-series ecological study of working people in all 50 US states, we used federal data on workplace homicides by state and year from 2011 to 2017, linked to an index of state–year firearm laws, to characterize the regulatory environment (overall and within legislative categories). We used generalized linear regression to model associations between changes in firearm laws and changes in workplace homicide rates the following year.

Results. From 2011 to 2017, more than 3000 people died as a result of workplace homicides; over that period, 23 states strengthened firearm regulations and 23 weakened them. We modeled the impact of states strengthening laws within the interquartile range (IQR; equivalent to adding 20.5 firearm laws). This change was associated with a 3.7% reduction in the workplace homicide rate (95% confidence interval [CI] = −3.86, −3.51). Positive IQR changes in specific categories of firearm laws—concealed carry permitting (−5.79%; 95% CI = −6.09, −3.51), domestic violence–related restrictions (−5.31%; 95% CI = −5.57, −5.05), and background checks (−5.07%; 95% CI = −5.32, −4.82)—were also associated with significant reductions.

Conclusions. Strengthening state-level firearm laws may reduce the population-level mortality and morbidity burden posed by workplace homicides.
Trends in E-Cigarette, Cigarette, Cigar, and Smokeless Tobacco Use Among US Adolescent Cohorts, 2014–2018
Authors: Evans-Polce Rebecca , Veliz Phil , Boyd Carol J. , McCabe Vita V. , McCabe Sean Esteban
Published: December 2019

Objectives. To examine changes in age of initiation of e-cigarette, cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco use among adolescents in the United States.

Methods. We used data from 5 cohorts of the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014–2018; n = 26 662).

Results. In 2014, 8.8% of lifetime e-cigarette users initiated use at 14 years or younger, as compared with 28.6% of lifetime e-cigarette users in 2018. There was no such change in initiation ages for cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco among lifetime users of each of these products.

Conclusions. US adolescents are initiating e-cigarette use at younger ages in recent years. This is concerning given the association of e-cigarette use with subsequent cigarette use. Continued surveillance of these trends and additional prospective research are needed. Tobacco prevention programs, policies, and regulations that make it more difficult for youths to obtain e-cigarettes are warranted.
Addressing Health Disparities Through Deliberative Methods: Citizens’ Panels for Health Equity
Authors: Subica Andrew M. , Brown Brandon J.
Published: December 2019

Health disparities adversely affect millions of people living in disadvantaged communities, resisting public health interventions that do not address the specific conditions, driving forces, or health problems in these communities. Drawing from the underutilized science of deliberative methods, we introduce the innovative citizens’ panels for health equity approach—a novel methodology that engages public expertise and knowledge of community health needs, risks, and priorities to tailor public health research and interventions for greater relevance and impact on disadvantaged communities.

By engaging affected residents and stakeholders in informed deliberation and decision-making about community health disparities, citizens’ panels provide important guidance for (1) designing research studies to target the major health disparities affecting disadvantaged communities and (2) tailoring evidence-based interventions to the perspectives, practices, and preferences of disadvantaged residents.

Employed as the primary methodology in 2 federally funded projects conducted in California and Arkansas between 2017 and 2019, citizens’ panels offer a systematic method for obtaining rich community insight into health disparities, shaping community-informed solutions, and affording disadvantaged communities influence over public health decision-making to stimulate grassroots change and health equity.
Deaths of Despair and Brexit Votes: Cross-Local Authority Statistical Analysis in England and Wales
Authors: Koltai Jonathan , Varchetta Francesco Maria , McKee Martin , Stuckler David
Published: December 2019

Objectives. To test the hypothesis that deaths of despair, a marker of social suffering, were associated with greater support for Brexit in the United Kingdom’s 2016 European Union referendum.

Methods. We used cross-local authority regression models of Brexit vote shares on changes in suicide and drug-related death rates before (2005–2007) and after the recession (2014–2016), adjusting for sociodemographic factors. The population comprised 345 local authorities in England and Wales.

Results. Mortality rates were associated with voting patterns. An increase of 10 drug-related deaths per 100 000 was associated with a 15.25-percentage-point increase in Brexit votes (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.27, 20.24), while an increase of 10 suicides per 100 000 was associated with a 9.97-percentage-point increase in vote shares for Brexit (95% CI = 6.25, 13.70). These results were substantially attenuated after we adjusted for education, and reduced to nonsignificance for drug mortality (b = 2.18; 95% CI = –0.21, 4.57) and suicide (b = 0.94; 95% CI = –0.32, 2.21) upon inclusion of other sociodemographic factors.

Conclusions. Worsening mortality correlated with Brexit votes. These phenomena appear to share similar antecedents. A rise in such deaths may point to deeper social problems that could have political consequences.
Relación de la edad cronológica con la maduración ósea cervical mediante el método de Baccetti
Authors: Julca Lévano Juan Carlos
Published: December 2019

Introducción: Es importante valorar el momento ideal en el que se producen los cambios tanto biológicos como estructurales en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los maxilares, para identificar en qué momento se inicia del crecimiento puberal en los pacientes jóvenes y corregir las alteraciones tanto dentarias como esqueléticas que se puedan presentar. Objetivo: Evaluar los estadios de maduración de las vértebras cervicales mediante el análisis propuesto por Baccetti y su relación con la edad cronológica y el sexo, en radiografías laterales de individuos de 8 a 14 años. Metodología: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se evaluaron 280 radiografías laterales (140 de varones y 140 de mujeres). Un evaluador calibrado evaluó los estadios de maduración esquelética e identificó 6 de ellas. Se evaluó el pico de crecimiento de los individuos desde la segunda a la cuarta vértebra cervical en las radiografías y luego se relacionó con la edad y el sexo de los individuos. Se utilizaron las pruebas de asociación de Chi cuadrado p < 0,05. Resultados: En las edades de 11 y 12 años se observó que las mujeres tenían mayor grado de madurez que los varones; sin embargo, para apreciar mejor los resultados, se reagruparon según los estadios: 1 con 2, 3 con 4 y 5 con 6, y se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellos (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Existe asociación en el diagnóstico del pico de crecimiento y la maduración ósea de los pacientes según su edad cronológica, con una clara diferencia entre varones y mujeres, lo que evidencia que el método de Baccetti se pueda emplear de manera confiable en la población estudiada.
Breve caracterização dos tipos de negação em Mehinaku (Arawák)
Authors: Corbera Mori Angel , Do Carmo Ferreira Jackeline
Published: December 2019

A negação se manifesta nas línguas de duas maneiras: (i) como construção morfológica ou negação sintética e (ii) como construção sintática ou negação analítica. Tipologicamente, uma língua usa diversas estratégias para derivar uma oração negativa, tais como: (i) a ocorrência de verbos negativos; (ii) o uso de partículas negativas; (iii) o emprego de afixos; (iv) e a ocorrência de morfemas negativos com propriedades nominais. Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma breve análise das maneiras de se expressar negação na língua Mehinaku, uma língua da família Arawák. Além da negação padrão, inclui-se a descrição da construção proibitiva, da negação existencial e do uso do prefixo ‘privativo’ {ma-}, um sufixo derivacional, reflexo da proto-forma *ma-, e o ‘atributivo’ {ka-}. A análise se baseia em dados primários coletados em trabalhos de campo junto aos falantes da língua Mehinaku, das aldeias Utawana e Kaupüna, no Território Indígena do Xingu, Mato Grosso.
Protagonismo juvenil e práticas semióticas: exame de algumas propostas da teoria
Authors: Leite Daniel Carmona
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo, examinamos algumas das principais propostas teóricas da área da semiótica no que diz respeito às práticas. Realizamos tal empreendimento com vistas a um diálogo teórico com a metodologia educativa do protagonismo juvenil, cuja popularidade aumentou nas últimas décadas no Brasil. Em um primeiro momento, descrevemos a proposta de Fontanille, que depreende diferentes níveis de imanência nas manifestações textuais. Em seguida, dedicamo-nos a observar a teoria de Landowski, cujas formulações visam dar conta de diferentes regimes de interação, integrando à teoria noções como risco e programação. Por fim, recuperamos algumas propostas de Greimas no tocante ao estudo da gestualidade, vendo-as em perspectiva com postulações feitas por Tatit.
Análise comparativa dos quadros fonológicos dos crioulos autóctones do golfo da Guiné
Authors: Bandeira Manuele , Freitas Shirley
Published: December 2019

Este estudo propõe uma análise comparativa das fonologias do santome, lung’Ie, angolar e o fa d’Ambô. A formação dessas línguas autóctones da região insular do golfo da Guiné, na África Ocidental, está diretamente relacionada a uma língua ancestral, o protocrioulo do golfo da Guiné (PGG). Com base no método histórico-comparativo, o presente estudo comparou os sistemas fonológicos das quatro línguas-filhas do PGG. Na comparação dos inventários consonantais, todas as línguas compartilham treze fonemas (/p b t d k g f v l m n w j/) e divergem quanto a treze fonemas (/kp gb s z θ ð ∫ ʒ ʎ r t∫ dʒ ɲ/). Os sistemas de vogais orais simples, por seu turno, convergem em todos os pontos, ao passo que os sistemas de vogais longas – idênticos em fa d’ambô, em lung’ie e em angolar – diferem apenas do santome que não apresenta os referidos segmentos. As divergências entre os quadros de fonemas refletiram os caminhos tomados pelas quatro línguas a partir da especiação do PGG após a separação geográfica de seus falantes e a consequente formação de cada língua.
Identidade e variação semânticas do verbo SECAR no português do Brasil
Authors: Romero Márcia , Kiihl Juliana Perez
Published: December 2019

Resultado da pesquisa realizada por Kiihl (2016) e Romero (2016), objetiva-se mostrar neste artigo como a identidade semântica verbal se elabora na integração do verbo ao enunciado. A Teoria das Operações Predicativas e Enunciativas, referencial teórico que fundamenta o quadro analítico-metodológico do trabalho, concebe o sentido verbal como o produto de seu enunciar, o que implica ser a identidade semântica da unidade, quando fora da contextualização que lhe confere o enunciado, da ordem de um esquema operatório invariante, denominado forma esquemática. O estudo, direcionado ao verbo SECAR em PB, delimita o referido esquema por meio da análise de enunciados variados, extraídos de fontes primárias e secundárias, mostrando como ele é o responsável por organizar a variação semântica verbal.
A cortesia negativa na interação discursiva com falantes cultos de Porto Velho-RO
Authors: Verceze Rosa Maria Aparecida Nechi
Published: December 2019

O artigo procura discutir o fenômeno da cortesia no texto falado de informantes de Porto Velho-RO com o objetivo de analisar a ocorrência dos procedimentos linguísticos da cortesia negativa utilizados para suavizar os atos que ameaçam as faces “FTA” em dois recortes de inquéritos desses informantes. Os FTA correspondem a fórmulas linguísticas e pragmáticas, cujas funções exercidas sobre a face negativa dos interlocutores podem minimizar, salvaguardar ou proteger as faces, favorecendo a cooperação e a negociação em uma situação de interação. A pesquisa se fundamenta na pragmática, no que concerne aos atos de fala (AUSTIN, 1990), no que se refere ao Princípio de Cooperação (GRICE, 1975), na Cortesia (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987) e na análise dos procedimentos linguísticos da cortesia negativa (KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, 2006). No que tange à metodologia, a pesquisa tem base etnográfica, consiste num estudo de caso, e se propõe a analisar dois recortes de inquéritos de fala selecionados da pesquisa de pós-doutoramento: “A cortesia na língua culta falada em Porto Velho”.
Jornalismo em quadrinhos e relatos de guerra: considerações sobre a tradução de Le photographe
Authors: Aragão Sabrina Moura
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho busca explorar aspectos da tradução da história em quadrinhos francesa Le photographe, publicada entre 2003 e 2006, e traduzida no Brasil como O fotógrafo, entre 2006 e 2010. A obra se vale do uso de desenhos e fotografias na construção da narrativa e retrata a guerra entre União Soviética e Afeganistão na década de 1980. Interessa-nos observar de que forma a representação do Outro se constitui a partir da relação entre imagem e texto no contexto original, bem como no contexto da tradução. As imagens fotográficas em conjunção com o texto contribuem para a criação de representações culturais, haja vista o poder atribuído à fotografia jornalística de testemunhar o real. Percebemos, ainda, que o próprio ato de fotografar o estrangeiro e registrar o seu cotidiano em uma narrativa gráfica configura um ato de tradução cultural.
Linn da Quebrada: o corpo trans na experiência urbana
Authors: Pagnan Redson , Rodrigues Marília Giselda
Published: December 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da canção “Mulher”, da artista Linn da Quebrada, veiculada na obra audiovisual blasFêmea, a partir da perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa. O tema que atravessa a produção é a questão do “ser” mulher a partir da vivência do corpo transexual e periférico, em relação ao espaço urbano, portanto, social, habitado por essa persona. Diante desse emblema contemporâneo, trazemos para o debate a relação entre gênero, sexualidade e espaço urbano, a partir da prática discursiva intersemiótica de Linn da Quebrada, a fim de repensar as formas de construção de identidades de gênero, partindo da desconstrução das cisheteronormatividades, essas dadas como naturais. Faremos a exposição do tema chave, gênero e espaço urbano, aqui, já que nos interessa discutir sobre o papel social que a arquitetura desempenha em nossa cultura, e logo depois faremos uma breve reflexão a respeito dos conceitos utilizados para, então, expormos nossa análise.
Entre imagens e sons: (des)construções de identidades no filme "Boi Neon"
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigo Souza Fontanini de
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho, de caráter ensaístico e interdisciplinar – envolvendo as áreas de Linguagens, Mídia e Arte –, trata de uma análise interpretativa do discurso produzido no/pelo filme Boi Neon (2015), de Gabriel Mascaro. Abordando questões relacionadas à vida cotidiana do nordestino brasileiro humilde e trabalhador, o filme permite cruzamentos teóricos de estudiosos advindos de diversas áreas do conhecimento, a partir dos quais se pode expressar e dar vida às identidades dos sujeitos-personagens que produzem a realidade fílmica. As reflexões a respeito das (des)construções de identidades das personagens da narrativa e de como essas identidades podem estar relacionadas à formação dos sujeitos contemporâneos são tópicos centrais, analisados sob uma ótica estrutural (de montagem das cenas), levando em conta a trilha sonora (tanto o uso de sons quanto sua ausência), as movimentações e angulações de câmera, as tensões geradas pelo corte e/ou continuidade das tomadas. Tais elementos permitem pensar como o som e a imagem podem estar atrelados no filme, que expectativas a associação entre eles pode produzir no público e quais contribuições as relações entre a intenção de uso desses recursos e seus efeitos proporcionam para o espectador, demonstrando como os temas valorizam as personagens em seus processos de sonhos. Foram selecionadas cenas, músicas e trechos de enunciados do filme com potencial para discutir a formação identitária das personagens e de seus laços sociais, bem como a análise descritiva dos elementos fílmicos, ajudando a compreender as relações e as práticas sociais que implicam a constituição do sujeito no discurso cinematográfico e a maneira com que o filme rompe e reitera valores sociais presentes no imaginário coletivo – sobretudo o que marca o sertanejo nordestino brasileiro –, brincando com a expectativa do público.