bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um outro Ernâni Braga: aspectos pessoais revelados em correspondências com Fernando Corrêa de Azevedo entre 1945-1948
Authors: Carlini Álvaro
Published: September 2014

Ernâni Braga (1888-1948) foi personalidade de destaque no cenário musical brasileiro da primeira metade do século XX. Além de sua participação como pianista na Semana de Arte Moderna realizada em São Paulo em 1922, Ernâni notabilizou-se por inúmeras atividades itinerantes que realizou como professor, agente cultural e regente coral, nos anos de 1930 até seu falecimento, em 1948. Entre 1945-1946, Curitiba, Paraná, organizou e regeu grupos corais para a recém-criada Sociedade de Cultura Artística Brasílio Itiberê (SCABI), atuando também como pianista solista e acompanhador, e como professor, ministrando cursos de especialização musical para docentes da rede estadual e municipal de ensino. Neste período, Ernâni Braga estabeleceu estreitos laços de amizade com Fernando Corrêa de Azevedo (1914-1975), presidente da SCABI e de outras entidades culturais do Paraná. Com ele, Ernâni Braga manteve naqueles anos uma série de correspondências de caráter pessoal, documentos que revelam aspectos de sua personalidade, de seus hábitos e manias, de sua visão bem-humorada da vida musical de seu tempo. Acredita-se que esses documentos, apesar de já editados na metade da década de 1960, permanecem desconhecidos da maioria dos musicólogos, pois foram publicados em anuário de circulação restrita, relacionando às atividades da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidadae Católica do Paraná, em 1965, exatos 20 anos após o concerto da inauguração do SCABI. O presente artigo tem como objetivo reapresentar à comunidade científica este material, realizando considerações sobre as atividades de Ernâni Braga e de Fernando Corrêa de Azevedo em Curitiba, mediadas através da SCABI.
The Neapolitan School: Francesco Durante (1684-1755) - Aspects of Manuscript Dissemination, Misattributions, and Reception
Authors: Dietz Hanns-Bertold
Published: September 2014

After the Austrian conquest of Naples in 1707, Masses, motets and Psalm settings, by Francesco Mancini, Nicola Fago, Domenico Sarro and the still little-known Francesco Durante, made their way into Bohemia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Saxony. All of Durante's early exported pieces of church music are found in these locations only. From the Zenith of his career, 1738 to 1755, dated manuscripts cover almost every year. The period includes all of the works upon which rests Durante's posthumous fame. During the nineteenth century, his church music, especiallly his works in "Palestrina style," became objects for collectors of "ancient music." The demand for sacred works by Durante and other Neapolitan composers led to misattributions of manuscripts, not always out of ignorance. During the second-half of the nineteenth century, changing attitudes toward church music, the Bach restoration, and the emergence of a view  of history tinged with nationalistic overtones led to a change in Durantes's historic position. By 1904, The "Epoch of the Neapolitan School: Leo and Durante, 1725-1766" had been replaced by "The Age of Bach and Handel." The lack of interest in Neapolitan church music that followed led to a neglect of scholarly studies until the second half of the twentieth century, when musicologists began to revive the topic.
Abstracts
Authors: Yampolschi Roseane
Published: September 2014

Resumo
Entre a "Empfindsamkeit" e o Romantismo: a estética musical segundo Wackenroder e Tiek
Authors: Videira Mário
Published: September 2014

O principal objetivo deste artigo é investigar o problema referente à autonomia estética da música, por meio do exame de textos literários e filosóficos. Com sua "revolução filosófica", Kant acentuou a subjetividade de maneira radical, abrindo, pela primeira vez, a possibilidade da música ser reconhecida como uma forma de acesso ao Absoluto, que foi posteriormente desenvolvida por autores como Wackenroder e Tiek.
Um estudo sobre a autorregulação da prática instrumental de músicos instrumentistas
Authors: Pires Cavalcanti Célia Regina
Published: September 2014

Neste artigo é apresentado um estudo desenvolvido no âmbito do ensino superior com o objetivo de investigar a autorregulação da prática instrumental fundamentado no referencial teórico de Zimmerman (1989). O delineamento metodológico utilizado foi o estudo de levantamento conduzido por meio de um questionário aplicado a 42 instrumentistas divididos em turmas de 1⁰,2⁰,3⁰e 4⁰ano. Os resultados revelaram que em todas as turmas um percentual aproximado de 50% ou mais de estudantes demonstrou dificuldades para autorregular sua prática instrumental. Na conclusão, procurou-se enfatizar a idéia de que o músico pode exercer controle sobre a própria aprendizagem e a necessidade de uma investigação mais específica quanto à influência de certas variáveis motivacionais sobre a autorregulação da prática instrumental.
Capacidades cognitivas e habilidades envolvidas no processo de leitura a primeira vista ao piano
Authors: Risarto Maria Elisa , Albano de Lima Sonia Regina
Published: September 2014

No presente artigo tem-se como objetivo apresentar parte do levantamento bibliográfico presente na dissertação de mestrado intitulada A leitura à primeira vista e o ensino de piano, do IA-UNESP. A bibliografia consultada tem como foco o estudo das capacidades cognitivas e habilidades envolvidas no processo de leitura à primeira vista no piano, considerando que elas contribuem diretamente para a melhor ou pior performance, a maior ou menor capacidade de leitura e funcionam como subsunçores nos processos de execução instrumental. Foram estudados os textos de John Sloboda, Edwin Gordon, Robert Pace, Joaquín Zamacois, José Alberto kaplan, entre outros. As capacidades abordadas foram a percepção, a atenção e a memória. Alguns procedimentos cognitivos envolvidos no aprendizado da lectoescrita e habilidades pertinentes ao ato de ler à primeira vista, também foram objetivo de análise. Dentre as habilidades, destacam-se a motora; motora ocular; motora de acessar condicionamentos; de entendimento e antecipação da leitura em relação à execução; de dar continuidade e/ou corrigir erros da partitura inconscientemente; de reconhecimento do teclado pelo tato e pela visão periférica; de monitoramento visual e auditivo; de cantar à primeira vista e, de incluir aspectos expressivos na leitura à primeira vista.
Pluralidade de abordagens analíticas da primeira das Três Peças para Piano op. 11, de Arnold Schoenberg
Authors: Almada Carlos De Lemos
Published: September 2014

O foco do presente artigo é a multiplicidade de perspectivas levadas em conta em uma análise musical, a partir de um caso especialmente selecionado: a primeira das Três Peças para Piano op. 11, de Arnold Schoenberg.  A razão dessa escolha se apóia na existência de um rico painel de abordagens analíticas em relação à referida peça, não apenas em número, mas também considerando enfoques, estratégias e resultados. A metodologia deste estudo consiste na descrição de seis dessas análises, realizadas por autores de reconhecido gabarito, compreendendo um período de quatro décadas (Perle, 1962; Wittlich, 1974; Ogdon, 1981; Haimo, 1996 e Lerdahl, 2001), e a apresentação de seus principais pontos de contato e divergências, a partir do estabelecimento de alguns parâmetros comparativos.
Em busca de significados perdidos: convenções da ópera veneziana do Seiscentos
Authors: Scarinci Silvana , Rónai Laura
Published: September 2014

Este ensaio pretende expor as principais convenções da música vocaloperística da primeira metade do século XVII e algumas das construções poéticomusicaisque as sustentam. Para o cantor (ou intérprete de baixo-contínuo) interessadona execução deste repertório, a reflexão sobre estas questões proporcionaráperformance mais culta e historicamente informada, resgatando um conhecimentocomum ao homem letrado da época, perdido para a maior parte dos músicosmodernos.
Normas
Authors: Dudeque Norton
Published: September 2014

Diretrizes para submissão.
Música e sintaxe: implicações para a subjetividade e a ordem social
Authors: Neder Alvaro
Published: September 2014

Este artigo examina algumas consequências da organização do discurso musical, notadamente a sintaxe, para a subjetividade. Um destaque especial é dado à sintaxe tonal, como um poderoso modelo de condicionamento, e a sua dissolução pelas experiências atonais do início do século XX, especialmente a criação tão pioneira quanto insólita representada pelas Seis Bagatelas para Quarteto de Cordas Op. 9, de Anton Webern. O conceito de chora semiótico, desenvolvido pela psicanalista e crítica literária Julia Kristeva, torna possível teorizar o vínculo entre música e subjetividade, conduzindo à compreensão do papel da música na manutenção ou transformação da ordem simbólica.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Cardoso de Araújo Rosane , Dudeque Norton
Published: September 2014

Artigos/Editorial
Duração e cálculo: reflexões de alguns compositores entre as décadas de 1930 e 1960
Authors: Mesquita Marcos
Published: September 2014

O texto discute, compara e critica reflexões de alguns compositores do século XX sobre a ordenação do parâmetro da duração. Tais reflexões foram importantes especialmente no decorrer da década de 1950 para estabelecimento do assim chamado serialismo integral e da música estocástica.
A forma da música em Film Socialisme de Jean- Luc Godard
Authors: Costa Silva José Eduardo
Published: September 2014

Este artigo traz uma reflexão filosófica sobre a música de “Film Socialisme” de Jean-Luc Godard: a sinfonia, a forma canção e a paisagem sonora na poética cinematográfica de Godard. É um estudo sobre a proposição de que a música se configura como um componente formal e estrutural de uma obra cinematográfica, realizando-se como pensamento.
A classificação timbrística através de seus aspectos sinestésicos
Authors: Fornari José
Published: September 2014

O timbre musical é conhecido pela sua inefável caracterização. No entanto, a percepção auditiva é capaz de analisá-lo. A cognição humana consegue identificar, reconhecer e relembrar uma infinidade de timbres distintos, desde os da voz humana, até os timbres dos instrumentos musicais. Porém, sua taxonomia normalmente esvaece frente às tentativas de catalogar seus aspectos estruturais independentes. Para isso, valem-se os músicos e os sonoplastas de uma classificação baseada em predicados de outros sentidos humanos, como os sentidos da visão e do tato. Desse modo, classificam os timbres através de aspectos cujos predicados não advêm do sentido da audição. Este trabalho pretende investigar alguns desses aspectos do timbre que são comumente utilizados no meio musical, e que advêm primordialmente da sensação visual e táctil. Estes foram aqui chamados de aspectos sinestésicos. Foram realizados três experimentos de classificação de aspectos sinestésicos do timbre musical. O último (e mais abrangente) experimento envolveu a participação de 40 voluntários que classificaram 16 amostras sonoras de instrumentos musicais em cinco aspectos sinestésicos distintos. Os resultados alcançados são aqui apresentados, explicados e discutidos.
Aprendizagem docente em música: pensando com professores
Authors: Bellochio Claudia Ribeiro , Souza Zelmielen Adornes de
Published: September 2014

O artigo apresenta partes de duas pesquisas vinculadas ao grupo “FAPEM: formação, ação e pesquisa em educação musical” da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, buscando discutir acerca de processos de aprendizagem docente no percurso formativo de professores de música. As pesquisas são orientadas a partir das perspectivas teóricas da Teoria das Representações Sociais e do referencial sobre o Pensamento do Professor, abordando estudos que envolvem o pensamento de alunos e de egressos do curso de Licenciatura em Música da UFSM, tanto no que tange às representações sobre a docência, a partir do estágio supervisionado em música, quanto à relação entre o pensar e o fazer docente diário de professores que atuam com o ensino de flauta doce. Concluímos pela relevância da formação acadêmico-profissional em cursos de Licenciatura em Música somada ao reconhecimento das internalizações de conhecimentos dos estudantes e aos vários contextos existentes no ensino superior, paralelos à dinâmica curricular.
Diretrizes para submissão
Authors: Dudeque Norton
Published: September 2014

normas
De uitleg van de Ragetlie-regel door de Hoge Raad: better safe than sorry of Klukklukiaans?
Authors: Beltzer R.M.
Published: September 2014

De werknemer die zelf de arbeidsovereenkomst opzegt, wordt volgens de Hoge Raad beschermd door de Ragetlie-regel
van artikel
7:667
lid 4 BW. De A-G kwam, met eenzelfde beroep op de wetsgeschiedenis, tot een tegenovergesteld standpunt.
De auteur is kritisch over de uitkomst van en de redeneringen in het arrest en de gevolgde methode
van rechtsvinding. Parlementaire geschiedenis biedt immers zelden een doorslaggevend aanknopingspunt.
Môže umenie vypestovať dobrého občana? Aristotelov príspevok vo svetle teórie výchovy
Authors: Danišková Z.
Published: September 2014

Text pojednáva o význame a vklade politickej filozofie načrtnutej Aristotelom pre aktuálny kontext občianskeho vzdelávania. V prvej časti analyzuje Aristotelove uvažovanie o tom, kto je občan polis, ako sa občanom stáva, akými vlastnosťami má disponovať a v neposlednom rade vysvetľuje, ako sa má takýto občan vychovať. Druhá časť pojednáva o prostriedkoch takejto výchovy, ktorým Aristoteles venoval časť svojej Politiky a Poetiky – o hudbe a o tragédii. Obe sú významným prostriedkom morálnej výchovy; hudba pre jej melodický a rytmický význam, vďaka ktorému občan navyká cnostiam; tragédia ponúka možnosť očistenia sa od strachu a súcitu. V závere textu je Aristotelov koncept výchovy rámcovaný teóriou výchovy, ktorá pestuje prax mýto-poetickej skúsenosti, a ktorá môže byť odovzdávaná práve humanitnými a výchovnými predmetmi.
Paper Folding Promotes Mathematical Thinking
Authors: Wares Arsalan
Published: September 2014

A great problem allows us to discover and apply its underlying structure to go beyond the specific cases and scenarios in the original problem. When solved, a great problem provides us intellectual gratification as well as a sense of learning and, perhaps, bewilderment. I use the problem presented here as a part of one of my favorite lessons, a paper-folding activity that focuses on perimeter.
The Road Less Traveled
Authors: Whitney Stephanie R.
Published: September 2014

As students work on a routine task, look over their shoulders to see how they are using translations to reason and make sense of mathematics.
Error-Eliciting Problems: Fostering Understanding and Thinking
Authors: Lim Kien H.
Published: September 2014

Student errors are springboards for analyzing, reasoning, and justifying. To induce specific errors and help students learn, choose tasks that might produce mistakes.
Fun with Triangular Numbers
Authors: Medina Elsa , Grassl Richard , Fay-Zenk Mary
Published: September 2014

It is a beautiful summer day on the central coast of California. While some students are enjoying days at the park or at the beach, forty middle school students are in a classroom solving challenging mathematics problems. And they are loving it!
Squares on a Checkerboard
Authors: Schulman Steven M.
Published: September 2014

What is a worthwhile mathematical task? How is a task different from a lesson or an assignment? An experienced teacher and math educator shares his point of view.
Becoming a Leader: Finding My Voice
Authors: Finchum Tabetha R.
Published: September 2014

Dissatisfied with the outcomes of teacher-directed mathematics pedagogy, this fourth-grade teacher learns of—and begins to implement—student-centered, problem-solving mathematics in her classroom.
Warning Signs!
Authors: Jacobs Victoria R. , Martin Heather A. , Ambrose Rebecca C. , Philipp Randolph A.
Published: September 2014

Avoid three common instructional moves that are generally followed by taking over children's thinking.
Development and Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Wellness Program for People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: McGuire Kimberly Beckwith , Stojanovic-Radic Jelena , Strober Lauren , Chiaravalloti Nancy D. , DeLuca John
Published: September 2014

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) mostly affects young and middle-aged adults and is known to be associated with a host of factors involved in overall quality of life and well-being. The biopsychosocial model of disease takes into account the multifaceted nature of chronic illness and is commonly applied to MS. The present investigation examined the effectiveness of a 10-week psychoeducational MS wellness program that was developed on the basis of the biopsychosocial model and a wellness approach to treatment.

Methods: The program consisted of 90-minute, weekly psychoeducational wellness group sessions aimed at improving quality of life by increasing awareness of the various social, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual factors that can affect the overall well-being of people living with MS. Fifty-four individuals with MS participated in the study (43 individuals who completed the wellness intervention and 11 individuals with MS who did not participate; “controls”). All participants completed a series of self-report questionnaires at baseline and at the 10-week follow-up, assessing depression, anxiety, perceived stress, cognitive complaints, pain, social support, and fatigue.

Results: Repeated-measures analysis revealed improvements in depression, anxiety, overall mental health, perceived stress, and pain in the treatment group compared with the control group. No significant differences were observed between the groups on measures assessing social support, cognitive complaints, and fatigue.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that a psychoeducational wellness program is effective in improving the overall quality of life and well-being of individuals with MS.
Does the Effect of a Physical Activity Behavioral Intervention Vary by Characteristics of People with Multiple Sclerosis?
Authors: Motl Robert W. , Dlugonski Deirdre , Pilutti Lara A. , Klaren Rachel E.
Published: September 2014

Background: Behavioral interventions have significantly increased physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, there has been interindividual variability in the pattern and magnitude of change. This study documented the efficacy and variability of a behavioral intervention for changing physical activity and examined the possibility that efficacy varied by the characteristics of individuals with MS.

Methods: Eighty-two people with MS were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: behavioral intervention (n = 41) or waitlist control (n = 41). We collected information before the study on MS type, disability status, weight status based on body-mass index, and current medications. Furthermore, all participants completed the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire and the abbreviated International Physical Activity Questionnaire and wore an accelerometer for 1 week to measure minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity before and after the 6-month intervention period.

Results: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that participants in the behavioral intervention had significantly higher levels of physical activity than control participants after the 6-month period (P < .001). There was substantial interindividual variability in the magnitude of change, and ANCOVA indicated that MS type (relapsing vs. progressive) (P < .01), disability status (mild vs. moderate) (P < .01), and weight status (normal weight vs. overweight/obese) (P < .05) moderated the efficacy of the behavioral intervention.

Conclusions: The behavioral intervention was associated with improvements in physical activity, particularly for those with mild disability, relapsing-remitting MS, or normal weight status.
Mother-daughter asymmetry of pH underlies aging and rejuvenation in yeast
Authors: Henderson Kiersten A , Hughes Adam L , Gottschling Daniel E
Published: September 2014

Replicative aging in yeast is asymmetric–mother cells age but their daughter cells are rejuvenated. Here we identify an asymmetry in pH between mother and daughter cells that underlies aging and rejuvenation. Cytosolic pH increases in aging mother cells, but is more acidic in daughter cells. This is due to the asymmetric distribution of the major regulator of cytosolic pH, the plasma membrane proton ATPase (Pma1). Pma1 accumulates in aging mother cells, but is largely absent from nascent daughter cells. We previously found that acidity of the vacuole declines in aging mother cells and limits lifespan, but that daughter cell vacuoles re-acidify. We find that Pma1 activity antagonizes mother cell vacuole acidity by reducing cytosolic protons. However, the inherent asymmetry of Pma1 increases cytosolic proton availability in daughter cells and facilitates vacuole re-acidification and rejuvenation.
Effects of rainfall spatial variability and intermittency on shallow landslide triggering patterns at a catchment scale
Authors: von Ruette J. , Lehmann P. , Or D.
Published: September 2014

The occurrence of shallow landslides is often associated with intense and prolonged rainfall events, where infiltrating water reduces soil strength and may lead to abrupt mass release. Despite general understanding of the role of rainfall water in slope stability, the prediction of rainfall‐induced landslides remains a challenge due to natural heterogeneity that affect hydrologic loading patterns and the largely unobservable internal progressive failures. An often overlooked and potentially important factor is the role of rainfall variability in space and time on landslide triggering that is often obscured by coarse information (e.g., hourly radar data at spatial resolution of a few kilometers). To quantify potential effects of rainfall variability on failure dynamics, spatial patterns, landslide numbers and volumes, we employed a physically based “Catchment‐scale Hydromechanical Landslide Triggering” (CHLT) model for a study area where a summer storm in 2002 triggered 51 shallow landslides. In numerical experiments based on the CHLT model, we applied the measured rainfall amount of 53 mm in different artificial spatiotemporal rainfall patterns, resulting in between 30 and 100 landslides and total released soil volumes between 3000 and 60,000 m3 for the various scenarios. Results indicate that low intensity rainfall below soil's infiltration capacity resulted in the largest mechanical perturbation. This study illustrates how small‐scale rainfall variability that is often overlooked by present operational rainfall data may play a key role in shaping landslide patterns.
Investigation of storm time magnetotail and ion injection using three‐dimensional global hybrid simulation
Authors: Lin Y. , Wang X. Y. , Lu S. , Perez J. D. , Lu Q.
Published: September 2014

Dynamics of the near‐Earth magnetotail associated with substorms during a period of extended southward interplanetary magnetic field is studied using a three‐dimensional (3‐D) global hybrid simulation model that includes both the dayside and nightside magnetosphere, for the first time, with physics from the ion kinetic to the global Alfvénic convection scales. It is found that the dayside reconnection leads to the penetration of the dawn‐dusk electric field through the magnetopause and thus a thinning of the plasma sheet, followed by the magnetotail reconnection with 3‐D, multiple flux ropes. Ion kinetic physics is found to play important roles in the magnetotail dynamics, which leads to the following results: (1) Hall electric fields in the thin current layer cause a systematic dawnward ion drift motion and thus a dawn‐dusk asymmetry of the plasma sheet with a higher (lower) density on the dawnside (duskside). Correspondingly, more reconnection occurs on the duskside. Bidirectional fast ions are generated due to acceleration in reconnection, and more high‐speed earthward flow injections are found on the duskside than the dawnside. Such finding of the dawn‐dusk asymmetry is consistent with recent satellite observations. (2) The injected ions undergo the magnetic gradient and curvature drift in the dipole‐like field, forming a ring current. (3) Ion particle distributions reveal multiple populations/beams at various distances in the tail. (4) Dipolarization of the tail magnetic field takes place due to the pileup of the injected magnetic fluxes and thermal pressure of injected ions, where the fast earthward flow is stopped. Oscillation of the dipolarization front is developed at the fast‐flow braking, predominantly on the dawnside. (5) Kinetic compressional wave turbulence is present around the dipolarization front. The cross‐tail currents break into small‐scale structures with k⟂ρi∼1, where k⟂ is the perpendicular wave number. A sharp dip of magnetic field strength is seen just in front of the sharp rise of the magnetic field at the dipolarization front, mainly on the duskside. (6) A shear flow‐type instability is found on the duskside flank of the ring current plasma, whereas a kinetic ballooning instability appears on the dawnside. (7) Shear Alfvén waves and compressional waves are generated from the tail reconnection, and they evolve into kinetic Alfvén waves in the dipole‐like field region. Correspondingly, multiple field‐aligned current filaments are generated above the auroral ionosphere.
Proton‐cyclotron and firehose instabilities in inhomogeneous plasmas
Authors: Yoon Peter H. , Seough Jungjoon
Published: September 2014

By combining the kinetic‐fluid model for macroscopic quantities and quasilinear kinetic theory for microscopic plasma instabilities, the present paper investigates quasi‐stationary spatial distribution and characteristics of the electromagnetic proton‐cyclotron and parallel firehose instabilities in inhomogeneous plasma, as well as their influence on macroscopic variables. The present paper considers diverging magnetic field along a flux tube, as well as the associated density model, with various source region boundary conditions, in order to investigate the spatial locations at which the excitation, saturation, and damping of the proton‐cyclotron and firehose instabilities occur in a medium with field‐aligned inhomogeneity. Potential application may be on the solar wind model in which the temperature anisotropy threshold rigorously follows as a result of quasilinear relaxation process.
Properties of Kelvin‐Helmholtz waves at the magnetopause under northward interplanetary magnetic field: Statistical study
Authors: Lin Dong , Wang Chi , Li Wenya , Tang Binbin , Guo Xiaocheng , Peng Zhong
Published: September 2014

We search the plasma and magnetic field data of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) probes B and C during 2008 and 2009 for observation evidences of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI). Fourteen KHI events with rolled‐up vortices are identified under the northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) at the low‐latitude boundary layer (LLBL). We collect another 42 events reported from the observations of the Geotail, Double Star TC‐1, and Cluster for a statistical study of the KH wave properties. All the 56 rolled‐up KH wave events are quantitatively characterized by the dominant period, phase velocity, and the wavelength. We further explore the relationship between the KH wave period and the solar wind velocity (VSW) and the IMF clock angle. It is found that the KH period tends to be shorter under a higher VSW, and longer with a larger IMF clock angle. The spatial distribution of the KH wavelength shows a longitudinal growth with increasing distance from the subsolar point along the flank magnetopause. The statistical results provide new insights for the development of KH waves and their connection with the interplanetary conditions and deepen our understanding of the KHI at the magnetopause.
On the mechanism of field‐scale solute transport: Insights from numerical simulations and field observations
Authors: Russo David , Laufer Asher , Gerstl Zev , Ronen Daniel , Weisbrod Noam , Zentner Eitan
Published: September 2014

Field‐scale transport of conservative and reactive solutes through a deep vadose zone was analyzed by means of two different model processes for the local description of the transport. The first is the advection‐dispersion equation (ADE) model, and the second is the mobile‐immobile (MIM) model. The analyses were performed by means of three‐dimensional (3‐D), numerical simulations of flow and transport considering realistic features of the flow system, pertinent to a turf field irrigated with treated sewage effluents (TSE). Simulated water content and concentration profiles were compared with available measurements of their counterparts. Results of the analyses suggest that the behavior of both solutes in the deep vadose zone of the Glil Yam site is better quantified by the MIM model than by the ADE model. Reconstruction of the shape of the measured solute concentration profiles using the MIM model required relatively small mass transfer coefficient, γ, and relatively large volume fraction of the immobile water θim. This implies that for an initially nonzero solute concentration profile, as compared with the MIM model, the ADE model may significantly overestimate the rate at which solutes are loaded in the groundwater. On the contrary, for an initially zero solute concentration profile, as compared with the MIM model, the ADE model may significantly underestimate solute velocities and early arrival times to the water table. These findings stem from the combination of relatively small γ and relatively large θim taken into account in the MIM model. In the first case, this combination forces a considerable portion of the solute mass to reside in the immobile region of the water‐filled pore space, while the opposite is true in the second case.
Perirheic mixing and biogeochemical processing in flow‐through and backwater floodplain wetlands
Authors: Jones C. Nathan , Scott Durelle T. , Edwards Brandon L. , Keim Richard F.
Published: September 2014

Inundation hydrology and associated processes control biogeochemical processing in floodplains. To better understand how hydrologic connectivity, residence time, and intrafloodplain mixing vary in floodplain wetlands, we examined how water quality of two contrasting areas in the floodplain of the Atchafalaya River—a flow‐through and a backwater wetland—responded to an annual flood pulse. Large, synoptic sampling campaigns occurred in both wetlands during the rising limb, peak, and falling limb of the hydrograph. Using a combination of conservative and reactive tracers, we inferred three dominant processes that occurred over the course of the flood pulse: flushing (rising limb), advective transport (peak), and organic matter accumulation (falling limb). Biogeochemistry of the two wetlands was similar during the peak while the river overflowed into both. However, during the rising and falling limbs, flow in the backwater wetland experienced much greater residence time. This led to the accumulation of dissolved organic matter and dissolved phosphorus. There were also elevated ratios of dissolved organic carbon to nitrate in the backwater wetland, suggesting nitrogen removal was limited by nitrate transported into the floodplain there. Collectively, our results suggest inclusion of a temporal component into the perirheic concept more fully describes inundation hydrology and biogeochemistry in large river floodplain.
Facile fabrication of spherical architecture of Ni/Al layered double hydroxide based on in situ transformation mechanism
Authors: Zhang Fazhi , Zhang Yue , Yue Caili , Zhang Rong , Yang Yanmin
Published: September 2014

Spherical architectures of nickel–aluminum layered double hydroxide (NiAl‐LDH) with hydrotalcite‐like nanoflakes as building blocks were facilely fabricated by precipitation reaction in aqueous solution without any surfactants and organic solvents. Growth of such unique structure undergoes preorganization of primary nanospheres of colloidal amorphous aluminum hydroxide (AAH) in solution, followed by nucleation and crystallizaion of LDH from exterior to interior of AAH spheres by an in situ transformation mechanism. The structure and morphology of LDH spheres depend on both starting raw materials and synthetic parameters including reaction time, reaction temperature, and aqueous ammonia dosage. NiAl‐LDH sphere as positive electrode material delivers improved rechargeable and discharge capacity, with the highest discharge capacity of 173 mAh g−1 at a current density of 30 mA g−1 within a potential range from −0.1 to 0.45 V in 10 mol L−1 KOH solution, due to the faster diffusion processes in the spherical architecture than the powder sample. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 4027–4036, 2014
Experimental study on the reaction rate of a second‐order chemical reaction in a planar liquid jet
Authors: Watanabe Tomoaki , Sakai Yasuhiko , Nagata Kouji , Terashima Osamu
Published: September 2014

Instantaneous concentrations of reactive species are simultaneously measured in a planar liquid jet with a second‐order chemical reaction
to investigate the statistical properties of the chemical reaction rate and the validity of models which have been proposed for concentration correlation. The jet flow contains the reactant A, and the ambient flow contains the reactant B. The results show that the concentration correlation of the reactants makes a negative contribution to the mean reaction rate, and this contribution is important in the downstream direction. The concentration correlation changes owing to the chemical reaction. The effects of the chemical reaction on the concentration correlation change with the flow location and the Damköhler number. The concentration correlation predicted by the Toor's model and the three‐environment model are compared with the experimental results. The results show that these models fail to accurately estimate the concentration correlation. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3969–3988, 2014
Wet dispersion mechanism of fine aggregates in multiphase flow with solid beads under simple shear
Authors: Nishiura Daisuke , Sakaguchi Hide , Shimosaka Atsuko
Published: September 2014

Clarifying the disintegration mechanism of aggregates in multiphase fluid flow coupled with beads and particulates is important for the optimum design of a wet dispersion process using a stirred media mill. Thus, we develop a numerical method for simulating multiphase flow with beads and particulates using a discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics, and we use the four‐way coupling simulation to study the fluid‐bead‐particulate‐coupled phenomenon that occurs in a simple shear box. The results show that the dominant force causing aggregate disintegration is the fluid force, rather than the bead contact force, because aggregates rarely collide with beads, contact force of which is too small to disintegrate aggregates. Furthermore, aggregates with strong aggregation force are effectively disintegrated by the fluid flow with a dominant high pure‐shear rate induced near the bead surfaces by the expansive force, rather than the compressive force. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 4076–4085, 2014
Dynamic CO2 adsorption performance of internally cooled silica‐supported poly(ethylenimine) hollow fiber sorbents
Authors: Fan Yanfang , Labreche Ying , Lively Ryan P. , Jones Christopher W. , Koros William J.
Published: September 2014

The dynamic adsorption behavior of CO2 under both nonisothermal and nearly isothermal conditions in silica supported poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) hollow fiber sorbents (Torlon®‐S‐PEI) is investigated in a rapid temperature swing adsorption (RTSA) process. A maximum CO2 breakthrough capacity of 1.33 mmol/g‐fiber (2.66 mmol/g‐silica) is observed when the fibers are actively cooled by flowing cooling water in the fiber bores. Under dry CO2 adsorption conditions, heat released from the CO2‐amine interaction increases the CO2 breakthrough capacity by reducing the severity of the diffusion resistance in the supported PEI. This internal resistance can also be alleviated by prehydrating the fiber sorbent with a humid N2 feed. The CO2 breakthrough capacity of prehydrated fibers is adversely affected by the release of the adsorption enthalpy (unlike the dry fibers); however, active cooling of the fiber results in a constant CO2 breakthrough capacity even at high CO2 delivery rates (i.e., high adsorption enthalpy delivery rates). In full RTSA cycles, a purity of 50% CO2 is achieved and the adsorption enthalpy recovery rate can reach ∼72%. Studies on the cyclic stability of uncooled fiber sorbents in the presence of SO2 and NO contaminants indicate that exposure to NO at 200 ppm over 120 cycles does not lead to a significant degradation of the sorbents, but SO2 exposure at a similar high concentration of 200 ppm causes 60% loss in CO2 breakthrough capacity after 120 cycles. A simple amine reinfusion technique is successfully demonstrated to recover the adsorption capacity in poisoned fiber sorbents after deactivation by exposure to impurities such SO2. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3878–3887, 2014
Photomobile Polymermaterialien mit vernetzten flüssigkristallinen Strukturen – Moleküldesign, Herstellung und Funktionen
Authors: Ube Toru , Ikeda Tomiki
Published: September 2014

Vernetzte flüssigkristalline Polymermaterialien, die sich bei Bestrahlung mit Licht makroskopisch verformen, wurden eingehend erforscht, vor allem wegen ihrem Anwendungspotential für Mikroaktuatoren und mikrofluidische Bauteile. Die Grundbewegungen dieser Materialien sind Kontraktion/Expansion und Krümmung/Entspannung, die in Polysiloxanen und Polyacrylaten mit photochromen Einheiten hauptsächlich beobachtet werden. Andere ausgeklügelte Bewegungen, wie Drehung, Schwingung, Rotation und Parallelverschiebung, wurden ebenfalls realisiert. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden Anstrengungen unternommen, um die photoresponsiven und mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser neuen Klasse von Materialien durch die Modifizierung von Molekülstrukturen, die Entwicklung neuer Herstellungsverfahren und den Aufbau von Verbundstrukturen zu verbessern. In diesem Kurzaufsatz geben wir einen Überblick über Strukturen, Funktionen und Wirkmechanismen photomobiler Materialien und stellen die neuesten Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet vor.
Enantioselektive Totalsynthese von (−)‐Mehranin, (−)‐Methylenbismehranin und verwandten Aspidosperma‐Alkaloiden
Authors: Mewald Marius , Medley Jonathan William , Movassaghi Mohammad
Published: September 2014

Wir berichten über eine effiziente und hochstereoselektive Strategie zur Synthese von Aspidosperma‐Alkaloiden, die auf der transannularen Cyclisierung einer chiralen Lactamvorstufe basiert. Aufgrund der bevorzugten Konformation der Cyclisierungsvorstufe werden in diesem Schlüsselschritt drei neue Stereozentren des resultierenden, vielseitigen, pentacyclischen Intermediats mit exzellenter Diastereoselektivität aufgebaut. Eine anschließende stereoselektive Epoxidierung mit nachfolgender Formamidreduktion unter milden Bedingungen ermöglichte die erste Totalsynthese der Aspidosperma‐Alkaloide (−)‐Mehranin und (+)‐(6S,7S)‐Dihydroxy‐N‐methylaspidospermidin. Eine abschließende, Scandiumtrifluormethansulfonat‐vermittelte Dimerisierung von (−)‐Mehranin führte zur ersten Totalsynthese von (−)‐Methylenbismehranin.
Site‐Selective Labeling of a Lysine Residue in Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Asano Shigehiro , Patterson James T. , Gaj Thomas , Barbas Carlos F.
Published: September 2014

Conjugation to human serum albumin (HSA) has emerged as a powerful approach for extending the in vivo half‐life of many small molecule and peptide/protein drugs. Current HSA conjugation strategies, however, can often yield heterogeneous mixtures with inadequate pharmacokinetics, low efficacies, and variable safety profiles. Here, we designed and synthesized analogues of TAK‐242, a small molecule inhibitor of Toll‐like receptor 4, that primarily reacted with a single lysine residue of HSA. These TAK‐242‐based cyclohexene compounds demonstrated robust reactivity, and Lys64 was identified as the primary conjugation site. A bivalent HSA conjugate was also prepared in a site‐specific manner. Additionally, HSA‐cyclohexene conjugates maintained higher levels of stability both in human plasma and in mice than the corresponding maleimide conjugates. This new conjugation strategy promises to broadly enhance the performance of HSA conjugates for numerous applications.
Forazoline A: Marine‐Derived Polyketide with Antifungal In Vivo Efficacy
Authors: Wyche Thomas P. , Piotrowski Jeff S. , Hou Yanpeng , Braun Doug , Deshpande Raamesh , McIlwain Sean , Ong Irene M. , Myers Chad L. , Guzei Ilia A. , Westler William M. , Andes David R. , Bugni Tim S.
Published: September 2014

Forazoline A, a novel antifungal polyketide with in vivo efficacy against Candida albicans, was discovered using LCMS‐based metabolomics to investigate marine‐invertebrate‐associated bacteria. Forazoline A had a highly unusual and unprecedented skeleton. Acquisition of 13C–13C gCOSY and 13C–15N HMQC NMR data provided the direct carbon–carbon and carbon–nitrogen connectivity, respectively. This approach represents the first example of determining direct 13C–15N connectivity for a natural product. Using yeast chemical genomics, we propose that forazoline A operated through a new mechanism of action with a phenotypic outcome of disrupting membrane integrity.
Three Distinct Redox States of an Oxo‐Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex
Authors: Yoshida Masaki , Kondo Mio , Nakamura Toshikazu , Sakai Ken , Masaoka Shigeyuki
Published: September 2014

A series of [{(terpy)(bpy)Ru}(μ‐O){Ru(bpy)(terpy)}]n+ ([RuORu]n+, terpy=2,2′;6′,2′′‐terpyridine, bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) was systematically synthesized and characterized in three distinct redox states (n=3, 4, and 5 for RuII,III2 , RuIII,III2 , and RuIII,IV2 , respectively). The crystal structures of [RuORu]n+ (n=3, 4, 5) in all three redox states were successfully determined. X‐ray crystallography showed that the RuO distances and the Ru‐O‐Ru angles are mainly regulated by the oxidation states of the ruthenium centers. X‐ray crystallography and ESR spectra clearly revealed the detailed electronic structures of two mixed‐valence complexes, [RuIIIORuIV]5+ and [RuIIORuIII]3+, in which each unpaired electron is completely delocalized across the oxo‐bridged dinuclear core. These findings allow us to understand the systematic changes in structure and electronic state that accompany the changes in the redox state.
Proton‐Transfer Polymerization (HTP): Converting Methacrylates to Polyesters by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene
Authors: Hong Miao , Chen Eugene Y.‐X.
Published: September 2014

A new polymerization termed proton (H)‐transfer polymerization (HTP) has been developed to convert dimethacrylates to unsaturated polyesters. HTP is catalyzed by a selective N‐heterocyclic carbene capable of promoting intermolecular Umpolung condensation through proton transfer and proceeds through the step‐growth propagation cycles via enamine intermediates. The role of the added suitable phenol, which is critical for achieving an effective HTP, is twofold: shutting down the radically induced chain‐growth addition polymerization under HTP conditions (typically at 80–120 °C) and facilitating proton transfer after each monomer enchainment. The resulting unsaturated polyesters have a high thermal stability and can be readily cross‐linked to robust polyester materials.
Structure‐Based Rational Design of Prodrugs To Enable Their Combination with Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery Platforms for Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Wang Hangxiang , Xie Haiyang , Wu Jiaping , Wei Xuyong , Zhou Lin , Xu Xiao , Zheng Shusen
Published: September 2014

Drug‐loaded nanoparticles (NPs) are of particular interest for efficient cancer therapy due to their improved drug delivery and therapeutic index in various types of cancer. However, the encapsulation of many chemotherapeutics into delivery NPs is often hampered by their unfavorable physicochemical properties. Here, we employed a drug reform strategy to construct a small library of SN‐38 (7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin)‐derived prodrugs, in which the phenolate group was modified with a variety of hydrophobic moieties. This esterification fine‐tuned the polarity of the SN‐38 molecule and enhanced the lipophilicity of the formed prodrugs, thereby inducing their self‐assembly into biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(d,l‐lactic acid) (PEG‐PLA) nanoparticulate structures. Our strategy combining the rational engineering of prodrugs with the pre‐eminent features of conventionally used polymeric materials should open new avenues for designing more potent drug delivery systems as a therapeutic modality.
Analyse des Ubiquitincodes durch proteasebeständige Ubiquitinketten mit definierter Verknüpfung
Authors: Schneider Tatjana , Schneider Daniel , Rösner Daniel , Malhotra Saurav , Mortensen Franziska , Mayer Thomas U. , Scheffner Martin , Marx Andreas
Published: September 2014

Ubiquitylierung ist eine komplexe posttranslationale Modifikation, und die Deregulierung dieses Signalweges ist mit verschiedenen menschlichen Erkrankungen assoziiert. Ubiquitylierung kommt in unterschiedlichen Varianten vor: Neben Monoubiquitylierung werden auch Ubiquitinketten mit verschiedenartiger Verknüpfungen an Substratproteinen gebildet. Das Schicksal der ubiquitylierten Proteine wird dabei durch den Verknüpfungstyp der konjugierten Ubiquitinkette bestimmt. Der zugrundeliegende Mechanismus ist bisher nur dürftig charakterisiert. Wir zeigen hier ein neues Konzept, basierend auf Kodonerweiterung und Klick‐Chemie‐vermittelter Polymerisation, um Ubiquitinketten mit definierten Verknüpfungen herzustellen, die widerstandsfähig gegenüber ubiquitinspezifischen Proteasen sind und natürliche Funktionen haben. Das Potenzial dieser künstlichen Ketten für die Analyse des Ubiquitincodes wird durch verknüpfungsspezifische Auswirkungen auf den Verlauf des Zellzyklus gezeigt.
Engineering Catalyst Microenvironments for Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Biologically Derived Platform Chemicals
Authors: Schwartz Thomas J. , Johnson Robert L. , Cardenas Javier , Okerlund Adam , Da Silva Nancy A. , Schmidt‐Rohr Klaus , Dumesic James A.
Published: September 2014

It is shown that microenvironments formed around catalytically active sites mitigate catalyst deactivation by biogenic impurities that are present during the production of biorenewable chemicals from biologically derived species. Palladium and ruthenium catalysts are inhibited by the presence of sulfur‐containing amino acids; however, these supported metal catalysts are stabilized by overcoating with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which creates a microenvironment unfavorable for biogenic impurities. Moreover, deactivation of Pd catalysts by carbon deposition from the decomposition of highly reactive species is suppressed by the formation of bimetallic PdAu nanoparticles. Thus, a PVA‐overcoated PdAu catalyst was an order of magnitude more stable than a simple Pd catalyst in the hydrogenation of triacetic acid lactone, which is the first step in the production of biobased sorbic acid. A PVA‐overcoated Ru catalyst showed a similar improvement in stability during lactic acid hydrogenation to propylene glycol in the presence of methionine.