bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação fitoquímica e atividades biológicas do extrato do exocarpo do fruto de Protium spruceanum
Authors: Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos Pereira de
Published: March 2022

Protium spruceanum conhecido por “breu branco” é uma espécie vegetal medicinal. O estudo teve por objetivo, avaliar o extrato hidroetanólico do exocarpo do fruto maduro de Protium spruceanum quanto aos grupos fitoquímicos e atividades biológicas. Os frutos foram coletados e o extrato produzido por maceração estática em solução hidroetanolica 70%. As análises realizadas foram para organolépticas, físico-químicas quanto ao rendimento de extrato obtido, densidade relativa, pH, índice de refração e giro óptico, e para os ensaios biológicos, o extrato foi testado para ativdade de fotoproteção em UV-Vis, atividade antifúngica sobre Candida e antibacteriana sobre Staphylococcus, Salmonella e Escherichia pelo ensaio em disco (mm). O extrato apresentou coloração castanho claro e aromático. A prospecção fitoquímica qualitativa revelou a presença de ácidos orgânicos, açúcares redutores, fenóis, purinas, catequinas e duplas olefinas. O rendimento foi de 16,99%, densidade relativa de 0,965 g mL-1, pH 5,26, índice de refração 1,3987 nD e giro óptico de -99,8°. Na atividade de fotoproteção, o extrato exibiu atividade no comprimento de ondas UVC. Na atividade antifúngica, foi obtido potencial inibição para C. guilliermondii e C. tropicalis e para antibacteriano inibição para cepas de S. aureus, E. coli,  e S. sorovar Enteritidis. O extrato do exocarpo do fruto maduro de Protium spruceanum demonstrou potencial efeito biológico.
Inclusive education in rural schools of Ukraine or how to ensure quality inclusive education in rural schools in Ukraine?
Authors: Budnyk Olena , Sydoriv Sergiy , Serman Lesia , Lushchynska Olena , Tsehelnyk Tetianа , Matsuk Lyudmila
Published: March 2022

The aim of the paper is to reveal the challenges of implementation of inclusive education in typical rural schools of Ukraine. The authors performed empirical research to identify attitudes of rural school teachers towards inclusive education as well as their understanding of existing barriers and priorities to improve the quality of educational services for students with special educational needs (SEN). To achieve the aim of the research, the following methods have been used: reviewing of psychological and pedagogical literature, questionnaire surveys, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained data. The outlined problem has been theoretically analyzed and the peculiarities and difficulties of teaching students with special educational needs in rural areas have been substantiated. The paper describes survey responses of teachers involved in the inclusive process in rural schools. 192 representatives of different age categories and regions of Ukraine participated in this empirical study. The paper explores questions of effective management of rural schools, professional cooperation in a team of psychological and pedagogical support of students with special educational needs, promotion of inclusive practices via information and communication technologies (ICT) and STEAM-laboratories, cooperation within local communities, introduction of universal design for learning and others. Prospects for the development of rural inclusive schools in current conditions of digitalization of education also have been identified.
Data pollution
Authors: Ben-shahar O.
Published: March 2022

Objective:to develop and substantiate the theory of data pollution, which makes it possible to realize and assess the harms the economy of big data creates.

Methods:dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.

Results:This article develops a novel framework – data pollution – to rethink the harms the data economy creates and the way they have to be regulated. The author argues that social intervention should focus on the external harms from collection and misuse of personal data. The article challenges the hegemony of the prevailing view that the injuries from digital data enterprise are exclusively private. That view has led lawmakers to focus solely on privacy protection as the regulatory objective. The article claims, instead, that a central problem in the digital economy has been largely ignored: how the information given by people affects others, and how it undermines and degrades public goods and interests.

Scientific novelty:The data pollution concept offers a novel perspective why existing regulatory tools – torts, contracts, and disclosure law – are ineffective, mirroring their historical futility in curbing the harms from industrial pollution. The data pollution framework also opens up a rich roadmap for new regulatory devices – “an environmental law for data protection” – which focuses on controlling these external effects. The article examines how the tools used to control industrial pollution – production restrictions, carbon tax, and emissions liability – could be adapted to govern data pollution.

Practical significance:the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the theory of data pollution.
Characteristics of the spatial development of innovations in legislative acts of siberian macroregions
Authors: Kuznetsova Y. A.
Published: March 2022

Objective: to assess the level of inclusion of the innovation space characteristics into the legislative acts on innovation activity in the macroregions of Siberia.

Methods: a spatial approach, which allowed considering the innovative development of a macroregion through the characteristics of length, connectivity, density, and uniformity; a synchronous method, which made it possible to compare legislative documents in the macroregions of Siberia by the representation of spatial characteristics in them; a qualitative content analysis, used to identify words and phrases characterizing the spatial development of innovations in the texts of legislative documents on innovation activity.

Results: the paper revealed the increased attention of foreign and Russian scientists to the search for ways of improving the effectiveness of legislative regulation of innovation activity. It was determined that the regional legislative acts of the macroregions of Siberia (Ural-Siberian and South-Siberian macroregions) regulating innovation policy do not actually reflect the characteristics of the innovation space (such characteristics as interaction, cooperation, communication, and partnership are highlighted). In less than half of the analyzed documents, there are no characteristics of spatial development of innovations, in a third – interterritorial cooperation is mentioned as a characteristic of spatial development. In the studied documents, the predominant form of cooperation and interaction is the formation of clusters and the coordinated development of science, innovation, production, and education.

Scientific novelty: for the first time, the article evaluates the representation of spatial characteristics of innovation development in the relevant legislative acts of the macroregions of Russia. It is shown that the territories of macroregions should have denser, more intensive links in the development of innovations in order to meet their intended purpose. The author suggests improving the legislative regulation of innovation activity by including the requirement for regions to develop intersectoral and interterritorial interaction.

Practical significance: the analysis of legislative acts presented in the article in the field of innovation support and innovation development from the viewpoint of the spatial approach can be useful for correcting the existing and developing the new approaches to spatial and innovative development of macroregions of Russia. The research results are intended for public authorities involved in the formation of the innovation policy of the regions.
Overfishing and Climate Change Elevate Extinction Risk of Endemic Sharks and Rays in the Southwest Indian Ocean Hotspot and Adjacent Waters
Authors: Pollom Riley , Cheok Jessica , Pacoureau Nathan , Gledhill Katie S. , Kyne Peter M. , Ebert David A. , Jabado Rima W. , Herman Katelyn B. , Bennett Rhett H. , Silva Charlene , Fernando Stela , Kuguru Baraka , Leslie Robin , McCord Meaghen E. , Samoilys Melita , Winker Henning , Fennessy Sean , Pollock Caroline M. , Rigby Cassandra L. , Dulvy Nicholas K.
Published: March 2022

The southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) is a hotspot of endemic and evolutionarily distinct sharks and rays. We summarise the extinction risk of the sharks and rays endemic to coastal, shelf, and slope waters of the SWIO and adjacent waters (Namibia to Kenya, including SWIO islands). Thirteen of 70 species (19%) are threatened: one is Critically Endangered, five are Endangered, and seven are Vulnerable. A further seven (10%) are Near Threatened, 33 (47.1%) are Least Concern, and 17 (24.2%) are Data Deficient. While the primary threat is overfishing, there are the first signs that climate change is contributing to elevated extinction risk through habitat reduction and inshore distributional shifts. By backcasting their status, few species were threatened in 1980, but this changed soon after the emergence of targeted shark and ray fisheries. South Africa has the highest national conservation responsibility, followed by Mozambique and Madagascar. Yet, while fisheries management and enforcement have improved in South Africa over recent decades, drastic improvements are urgently needed elsewhere. To avoid extinction and ensure robust populations of the region’s endemic sharks and rays and maintain ecosystem functionality, there is an urgent need for the strict protection of Critically Endangered and Endangered species and sustainable management of Vulnerable, Near Threatened, and Least Concern species, underpinned by species-level data collection and reduction of incidental catch.
Youtube as an Alternative for Distance Learning (DL) Chemistry: Study of Interests and Motivation
Authors: Rahmania Sri , Daulany Rabiah Afifah
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the interests and motivations of students in learning chemistry by utilizing YouTube as an alternative platform in distance learning. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. Data were obtained from the survey of interest and motivation questionnaires using google forms taken for five weeks during the learning process. The respondents of this study were 100 students majoring in chemistry who studied organic chemistry using YouTube as a distance learning platform. The results showed that youtube as an alternative platform for distance learning (DL) is considered very good for positively impacting students' interest and motivation in studying chemistry. But in its use, it must be accompanied by applications or other media that can support the learning process, especially on material related to the experiment. In addition, in using YouTube, it is necessary to pay attention to aspects such as sound quality, image quality, size of writing, and clarity of the material so that the material presented is easy to understand, straightforward and exciting.
Utilization of Natural Products for Treatment of Blood Diseases
Authors: Miles D. Howard , Nguyen Chi L. , Miles David H.
Published: March 2022

This chapter presents an introduction to several diseases of the blood including infectious mononucleosis, leukemia, thrombosis and coagulation, bone marrow disorders, malaria, and anemia. In addition a survey of the recent literature is presented relative to natural products that have been utilized for the treatment of these diseases. The natural products that are reported represent a wide range of structural types and present interesting mechanisms of action. Thus the possibility exists that new drugs may be developed from these natural products which are more effective than those currently on the market.
1~1 The Chemistry and Pharmacology of lndole-3-Carbinol (lndole-3-Methanol) and 3-(Methoxymethyl)lndole. [Part I]
Authors: Broadbent Thomas A. , Broadbent H. Smith
Published: March 2022

lndole-3-carbinol (13C) (2) is produced endogenously from naturally occurring glucosinolates contained in a wide variety of plant food substances including members of the family Cruciferae, and particularly members of the genus Brassica, whenever they are crushed or cooked. The acid environment of the gut very facilely converts it into a range of polyaromatic indolic compounds, e.g. (3,4,5), which appear to be responsible for many of the physiological effects observed following the ingestion of these foods.

3-(Methoxymethyl)indole (6) is formed with great ease whenever 2 contacts methylating agents, including methanol, and it is often found as a contaminant of 2. This contamination is often not recognized or easily removed because of the great similarities of the two in melting points and solubilities. However, their biological properties are essentially identical.

l
These so-called chemopreventive compounds are important because of their enzyme induction and suppression, mutagenic, carcinogenic and, particularly, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. The natural occurrence, formation, preparation, identification, separation, quantification, chemical transformations and general toxicological properties of these substances are critically reviewed in detail in this paper of 146 references, the first of two parts. The enzyme induction and suppression, mutagenic, antimutagenic, mutagenic , anticarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects will be published later as Part II. At the present time it appears that these have considerable potential as natural prophylactic anticancer agents against certain common neoplasms, especially inasmuch modern diets are increasingly deficient in these vegetable-derived substances.
Bioisosteric Approach In The Design of New Dopaminergic/ Serotonergic Ligands
Authors: Šoškić V. , Joksimović Jelena
Published: March 2022

Dopaminergic and serotonergic ligands are widely applied in the therapy of some severe diseases in humans connected to the malfunctioning of the corresponding membrane receptors within the CNS. However, no pharmaceuticals of this type with an ideal therapeutic index have been synthesized so far and there is a constant need of producing new
dopaminergic/serotonergic ligands with improved properties especially with regard to undesirable side effects expressed after a prolonged therapy. Dopaminergic/serotonergic ratio turned out to be important for a fine tuning of pharmacological profile of new ligands. Employing a bioisosteric approach, we have synthesized numerous quinoxalinediones, benztriazoles, benzimidazoles and 2-substituted benzimidazoles as potential dopaminergic and/or . mixed dopaminergic/serotonergic compounds. With this purpose, benzimidazole and its derivatives were incorporated into phenylethylamine, 3- and 4-substituted phenylethylpiperidine, 1- substituted 4-arylpiperazine and semirigid 2-aminotetralin frame and the resulting ligands were checked for the binding affinity at the D1 and D2 dopamine and 5-HT1 A serotonin receptors in
radioligand binding assays in vitro. Synaptosomal membranes prepared from bovine caudate
nuclei and hippocampi served as a source of the dopamine and serotonin receptors, respectively. [3H]SCH 23390 (D1 receptor-selective}, [3H]spiperone (D2 receptor-selective) and
8-0H-[3H]DPAT (5-HT1 A receptor-selective) were employed as radioligands in competition
binding assays. Properties of substituents introduced into position 2 of benzimidazole ring, as well as the nature of the frame into which benzimidazole pharmacophorwas incorporated have been shown to determine ligand binding affinity, mode of action and receptor preference, i.e. dopaminergic/serotonergic affinity ratio. Benzimidazolyl-2-thione and benztriazole derivatives were the most potent dopaminergic/serotonergic ligands. Molecular ab initio calculations of the electronic properties of pharmacophoric entities of the new ligands revealed different electron density distribution around the benzene ring in the active and inactive ligands. It can be assumed that this difference influences the properties of 7t- 7t interactions in a receptor-ligand complex. The results are discussed in comparison with the data of other authors working on similar topics.
α-Gal Oligosaccharides: Chemistry and Potential Biomedical Application
Authors: Janczuk A. , Li J. , Zhang W. , Chen X. , Chen Y. , Fang J. , Wang J. , Wang P. G.
Published: March 2022

This article focuses on the most recent research efforts by the
Wang group in the field of a-Gal oligosaccharides. a-Gal oligosaccharides are
carbohydrate structures bearing a Gala1-3Galterminus. This class of compounds are believed to act as xenoactive antigens that instigate the hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation. Enzymatic methods using recombinant a1-3 galactosyltransferase were employed to synthesize several a- Gal oligosaccharides. In addition, a chemical synthetic scheme was devised in order to produce readily acessible amounts of a-Gal. Conformational analysis was done using both NMR techniques and molecular modeling protocols. These studies provide important information in the structure-function relationship of a-Gal and anti-a-Gal antibodies.
The second part of this article deals with the use of a-Gal in immunotherapy. Based on the abundance of anti-a-Gal antibodies lgM and lgG in human blood serum, a-Gal conjugates may act as effective immunotheraputic drugs. Recent studies have discovered characteristic peptide sequences containing Arg-Giy-Asp (RGD) motif that binds to integrins on the surface of cancer cells. A a-Gal conjugate was developed by chemical coupling a a-Gal trisacchpride to a RGD peptide. Preliminary studies using the conjugate on prostate DU-145 cancer cells showed a reduction in the survival rate of the cells.
Recent Advances in the Discovery and Development of Quinolones and Analogs as Antitumor Agents'
Authors: Xia Yi , Yang Zheng-Yu , Morris-Natschke Susan L. , Lee Kuo-Hsiung
Published: March 2022

Compounds that interact with DNA or microtubules by multiple mechanisms and cause diverse cytotoxic lesions are potential targets for anticancer drug development. Accordingly, a relatively new approach to the
rational design of antitumor agents is based on the quinolone class of antibacterials. Their
mechanism of antibacterial action involves inhibition of DNA gyrase, and numerous new quinolones do exhibit antitumor activity. Thus, these new quinolone structures display a novel mode of action for the quinolone class as antitumor agents. The potential for quinolones to be used as topoisomerase II inhibitors, as well as antimitotic agents, is reviewed with a focus on recent discoveries and development of antitumor quinolones, especially related work in the author's laboratory.
PT523 and Other Aminopterin Analogs with a Hemiphthaloyi-L­ ornithine Side Chain: Exceptionally Tight-binding Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase which are Transported by the Reduced Folate Carrier but cannot form Polyglutamates
Authors: Rosowsky Andre
Published: March 2022

Nonpolyglutamatable antifolates are potentially of therapeutic interest for the treatment of tumors that are inherently refractory or have become resistant, to classical antifolates as a result of decreased expression of the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase. An interesting class of water-soluble nonpolyglutamatable analogs of aminopterin (AMT) have been developed, which are much more cytotoxic because they bind more tightly to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and also utilize the reduced folate carrier (RFC) pathway more efficiently for influx into the cell. This review summarizes the in vitro and in vivo preclinical data on the initial lead compound, Na-(4-amino-4-deoxypteroyi)-N >-hemiphthaloyi-L-ornithine (PT523}. In addition, the synthesis and in vitro biochemical and biological properties of several types of second-generation analogs are discussed. Analogs modified in the B-ring of the pteridine moiety have been found to be of particular interest because their affinity for DHFR and their influx rate into cells via the RFC pathway are even greater than those of PT523. The hemiphthaloylornithine moiety, which is larger and more hydrophobic than the glutamate side chain of classical antifolates, appears to be chiefly responsible for the exceptionally high biological potency of PT523 and its B-ring analogs.
Microbial Models of Mammalian Metabolism of Xenobiotics: An Updated Review
Authors: Abourashed E.A. , Clark A.M. , Hufford C.D.
Published: March 2022

The utilization of microbes as models for mammalian metabolism of xenobiotics has been well established since the concept was first introduced by Smith and Rosazza in the early seventies. The core assumption of this concept rests on the fact that fungi are eukaryotic organisms that possess metabolizing enzyme systems simifar to those pre­sent in mammalian systems. Hence, the outcome of xenobiotic metabolism in both systems is expected to be similar, if not identical, and, thus, fungi can be used to predict the outcome of mammalian metabolism of various xenobiotics, including drugs. Utilizing microbial models offers a number of advantages over the use of animals in metabolism studies, mainly reduction in use of animals, ease of setup and manipulation, higher yield and diversity of metabolite production, and lower cost of production. In a continuation to our contribution to this field, this review will outline the results of studies that were conducted over the last seven years to emphasize the similarities between the microbial and mammalian metabolic pathways of xenobiotics through the endorsement of the concept of 'microbial models of mammalian metabolism'.
12-Lipoxygenase: Classification, Possible Therapeutic Benefits from Inhibition, and Inhibitors
Authors: Dailey L. A. , Imming P.
Published: March 2022

The metabolism of arachidonic acid can be catalyzed by either one of two enzyme families; the cyclooxygenases or the lipoxygenases. The family of lipoxygenases is divided into four subtypes according to tissue distribution; 5-, 8-, 12-, and 15-lipoxygenase. 12- lipoxygenase metabolites, such as 12(8)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, have been found to play a central role in the various stages of the metastatic process in tumors and are, therefore, potential targets for anticancer treatment. A variety of lipoxygenase inhibitors already exist and can be classified into five major categories according to their mechanism of inhibition. These include antioxidants, iron chelators, substrate analogues, lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitors, and, finally, epidermal growth factor-receptor inhibitors.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 5-pyridin-4-yl-2-thioxo-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-3-yl Derivatives as Anti-angiogenic Agents Targeting VEGFR-2
Authors: Bhanushali Umesh , Kalekar-Joshi Samidha , Kulkarni-Munshi Renuka , Yellanki Swapna , Medishetty Raghavender , Kulkarni Pushkar , Chelakara Ramaa Subramanian
Published: March 2022

Background: Angiogenesis is physiological process in embryogenesis, organ development, endometrial
vasculature in menstrual cycle and wound healing. Angiogenesis has also been associated with several pathological
conditions such as cancer, arthritis, atherosclerosis, etc. Out of the many growth factor responsible for angiogenesis,
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important and positive regulator of angiogenesis with its
distinct specificity for vascular endothelial cells. The current work is the small efforts towards development of newer
inhibitor of angiogenesis targeting VEGFR-2.

Objective: With the view to develop inhibitors of angiogenesis, pharmacophore characteristics were used to design
aromatic/ heteroaromatic ring containing compounds. These compounds were then docked in to the active side of
VEGFR-2 with the aid of docking. They were then synthesize and spectrally characterized and carry out in-vitro and
in-vivo anti-angiogenic evaluation studies to ascertain its angiogenesis inhibition potential.

Result: 3-substituted-5-(4-pyridin-4yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiones designed as inhibitors of angiogenesis targeting
VEGFR2. In docking study, all the molecules showed similar way of binding with VEGFR2 as that of the cocrystallised
ligand. Compound 3i and 3j were found to be most active in the series showing good inhibition of
angiogenesis in both CAM and in zebrafish embryo assays. The compound 3i was the most active in the series with
IC50 of 0.5 μM for VEGR-2.

Conclusion: To conclude the work we have successfully designed newer inhibitors of angiogenesis targeting VEGFR-
2. These compounds were then screen and found to inhibit angiogenesis of CAM and zebrafish at dose of 1 μM.
Anticancer Drug Combinations, How Far We can Go Through?
Authors: Lu Da-Yong , Chen En-Hong , Wu Hong-Ying , Lu Ting-Ren , Xu Bin , Ding Jian
Published: March 2022

Many clinical cancer therapies are less effective by using one anticancer drug only due to refractory
properties of cancer pathogenesis and drug resistance property in advanced cancer patients. A general consensus
among clinicians is that anticancer drug cocktail might better control cancer progresses and metastasis than single drug
therapeutics in clinical trials. Despite great popularity, the anticancer drug combination dogma has not been
established. The complexity of drug combination dogma discovery is more than we can expect now. This article
speculates possible routes we can undertake in this matter. The background knowledge of drug combination therapy
presently practiced and possible future landscapes and drawbacks of cancer drug combinative therapies are
highlighted.
Glycodendrimer PPI as a Potential Drug in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. The Influence of Glycodendrimer on Apoptosis in In Vitro B-CLL Cells Defined by Microarrays
Authors: Franiak-Pietryga Ida , Ziółkowska Ewelina , Ziemba Barbara , Appelhans Dietmar , Maciejewski Henryk , Voit Brigitte , Kaczmarek Aleksandra , Robak Tadeusz , Klajnert-Maculewicz Barbara , Cebula-Obrzut Barbara , Smolewski Piotr , Borowiec Maciej , Bryszewska Maria
Published: March 2022

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells are characterized by failures in the apoptosis
pathway and increased proliferation, resulting in the progressive accumulation of B-lymphocytes in blood. Despite the
wide range of antileukaemic drugs, CLL remains an incurable disease. However, a breakthrough is expected which
will allow more effective treatment.

Objective: The study investigates the influence of poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimer with peripheral amino
groups, 30% of which were coated with maltotriose (PPI-G4-OS-Mal-III), on CLL cells, and demonstrates that it acts
through the induction of the apoptotic mechanism. It is important to note that the dendrimer was used as a drug itself
and not as a drug carrier.

Method: CLL and normal lymphocytes were treated in vitro with the dendrimer, either alone or in combination with
fludarabine (FA). The percentages of apoptotic and necrotic cells, and the protein expression, were checked using a
flow cytometer. Gene expression was screened using a two-colour microarray with 60-mer probes.

Results: The results confirm that PPI-G4-OS-Mal-III influences the viability of CLL cells in vitro and does not exert
any significant harmful effect on normal lymphocytes. The dendrimer appears to significantly influence gene and
protein expression in CLL cells.

Conclusion: Since dendrimers can be specifically targeted, they may be very effective in CLL therapy, especially since
in vitro PPI-G4-OS-Mal-III has been found to have stronger effect than fludarabine.
Killing Glioma ‘Stem-like’ Cells via Drug-Induced Relocation of Endosomal Urokinase Proteins
Authors: Gorin Fredric A. , Pasupuleti Nagarekha , Mahajan Dinesh , Dugar Sundeep
Published: March 2022

High grade gliomas (HGGs) are primary CNS cancers with more than 95% of patients experiencing tumor
recurrence following radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or an anti-angiogenic therapy. Populations of glioma
‘stem-like’ cells (GSCs) exist in both proliferative and non-proliferative states and are capable of tumor regrowth.
These GSCs survive within hypoxic tumor regions and avascular tumor margins, while retaining the capability to
regenerate. Successful treatment of HGGs depends on therapeutic targeting of GSCs to avert tumor regeneration.
Here, we review novel intracellular mechanisms by which 3-amino-5-arylamino-6-chloro-N-(diaminomethylene)
pyrazine-2-carboximide (UCD38B) and the much more potent 5’-substituted arylamino compounds (cmpd 10357)
irreversibly kill GSCs utilizing caspase-independent, programmed necrotic cell death. Drug-induced relocation of a
subset of endosomes to perinuclear mitochondria triggers the mitochondrial release and nuclear translocation of
apoptosis inducible factor (AIF) that is followed by nuclear condensation and cancer cell demise. This drug-induced
endosomal ‘mis-trafficking’ affects a subset of endosomes containing proteins belonging to the urokinase
plasminogen activator system (uPAS) and guided by lipoprotein receptor protein type 1 (LRP-1). UCD38B and
congeners act intracellularly and bind to intracellular urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) to disrupt uPA binding
to PAI-1 and the endosomal LRP-1 guidance protein. These small molecules are cytotoxic to persistently hypoxic
and acidotic HGG cell lines and to high grade gliomas from patient derived xenografts (PDX). Immunodeficient
mice with intracerebral PDX glial tumors demonstrate drug-specific, AIF- mediated necrosis after 24h of treatment.
The propensity of these small molecules to kill non-proliferating and proliferating hypoxic GSCs, suggests a
potential synergistic therapeutic role with radiotherapy, anti-mitotic and anti-angiogenic therapies.
Baby Massage and Massage Oils: Are they safe?
Authors: Alparslan Özgür
Published: March 2022

Massage has been practiced in infant care for many years since it creates a good mother-infant bond, contributes to the prevention of morbidity, and provides better physical development. Baby oil massage has been shown to have several benefits in neonates. However, recent studies have reported that not all oils are appropriate for baby massage. This study was conducted to discuss the results of studies on the benefits of oil massage, which can affect skin properties and functions during the maturation process of the neonate whose skin has still not fully developed, and the possible effects of oils. In the study, it was also aimed to briefly review the safety of oils to be used in neonate skincare or massage, the importance of knowing the properties of herbal oils before choosing or using a particular one for a massage, and the role of professionals and parents. Moreover, up-to-date information on the use and effects of different herbal oils on the massage of preterm and term babies was provided. Studies show that more research is needed to clearly answer which herbal oil is more effective and safer for infant massage.
Çocuklarda Özofagus Yabancı Cisimlerine Genel Yaklaşım
Authors: Sekmenli Tamer , Çiftci İlhan
Published: March 2022

Bebekler ve yeni yürümeye başlayan çocuklar hemen her şeyi ağızlarına koymak ve
yemek isterler. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde her yıl yeni 100.000’den fazla yabancı cisim yutma vakalarının yüzde 80’i çocuklar oluşturur. Nesne, keskin uzun, ya
da mıknatıs oluştuğunda, özefagusda disk pil olduğunda, özefagus tıkanıklığı varsa(hasta sekresyonlarını yutamıyorsa), değerlendirme 24 veya daha fazla saat önce
meydana gelmişse yabancı cismin çıkarılması için acele edilmelidir
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Our Center
Authors: Perk Oktay , Özcan Serhan , Emeksiz Serhat , Uyar Emel , Gülhan Belgin , Güney Ahmet Yasin , Kanık Yüksek Saliha , Yılmaz Candar Ayşe
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings and to determine the treatment options of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with 32 beds in Ankara City Hospital between March 16, 2020 and December 16, 2021. Patient characteristics included age, gender, contact history, and co-morbidities. Laboratory investigations included complete blood count, biochemical evaluations, chest X-ray, and computed tomographic imaging of the thorax. Respiratory support therapy and extracorporeal therapy, and other medical treatments were recorded.
Results: A total of 82 patients were admitted to the PICU after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Of all patients 64.6% (n=53) were male. The median age of the patients was 126.5 (37-185) months. Nearly half of the patients had a SpO2 below 92%. About half of the patients had lymphopenia, anemia, and elevated CRP and D-Dimer levels. Of the patients, 60% (n=47) were supported with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, whereas 35% (n=28) were followed on invasive mechanical ventilation. The length of stay in the PICU was 11 days, whereas the total length of stay in the hospital was 19 days. Twelve patients (15.2%) died.
Conclusion: In line with previous studies, our study planned to contribute to the literature in order to fill the diagnostic gap through clinical findings, laboratory values and chest radiographic examinations in COVID-19.
A shared space for families in a children’s hospital.
Authors: Ventura Roda Oriol , Bartomeu Magana Elena
Published: March 2022

This article presents a research and design project undertaken to develop a shared space for families and healthcare professionals in a children’s hospital. For space development, the design team conceived the Minimum Viable Prototype Lab, a participatory design workshop. The use of minimum resources was the backbone of the workshop, as participants would focus on functional or atmospheric requirements to design an Acoustic Cabin and a Proximity Room. The use of cardboard sets helped the users focus on functional requirements. High-quality renderings and floor plans were used to generate discussion about space atmospheres. We share the resulting prototypes and the benefits for getting different points of view. We also discuss the role of images, drawings, and renderings to inform the perception and possibilities of space.
Culturally responsive health research: A collaborative design model for equitable and sustainable community impact
Authors: Tufte Janice E , Dungan Rachel E , Attipoe-Dorcoo Sharon
Published: March 2022

Engaging and sustaining equitable collaboration between researchers and other stakeholders can prove challenging. However, health research processes and products often benefit from the collective insights gleaned when diverse partners work together. As such, co-designed and culturally responsive research often yields significant real-world impacts. We explore the need for change and propose a framework for reimagining research as an inherently collective and collaborative effort. Referencing an illustrative case study and using human-centred design approaches to support culturally responsive work, we offer reflections on how to embrace empathic, inclusive methods that meaningfully engage diverse and under-resourced communities in research co-design.
Creating a clinical trials community by moving from human subjects to patient partners: 3 questions every trialist should ask
Authors: Merritt JG , Kuo Tiffany
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an area of public health impacting the livelihoods, safety, and health of each and every one of us. As everyday Americans volunteered to be first to receive placebo or novel therapeutics in the quest to end a global outbreak, suddenly we as a community were also informed of clinical trials, vaccine safety and development, and research design. As engagement spreads and the opportunity becomes ripe to build a community of researchers, patients, and clinicians and transform what has historically been termed “human subjects” in clinical research, we encourage this drive to strengthen the clinical research ecosystem with a primary focus on patient involvement in all phases of codeveloping clinical research design.
Development of a PPE visor for female healthcare workers
Authors: Jones Gabriella , Siena Francesco Luke , Watkins Matthew , Breedon Philip
Published: March 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic the demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) has increased dramatically. However, the lack of PPE designed specifically for women is leaving many without adequate protection, as current “universal” solutions fail to address female healthcare workers’ varied needs. Instead, current solutions present users with a host of problems, including discomfort, hindrance, incompatibility with other wearable items, and adjustment difficulties. This paper explores and reflects upon the design thinking approach used to develop a PPE visor for female healthcare workers while following a user-centred design approach/methodology.
The Influence of Culture on the Development and Organisation of Self-Regulated Learning Skills
Authors: Sappor Gideon
Published: March 2022

Self-regulated Learning (SRL) skills have been argued to be among the most important determinants of academic achievement. It has been observed that some cultural groups consistently exhibit higher achievement and cultural variation in SRL skills has also been observed. Understanding this variation could provide insight into how to promote SRL development in all children.This research examined how components of SRL are influenced by cultural variables, by testing models for individualist vs collectivist contexts, utilising constructs from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to capture predicted differences in the motivational components. 70 children (35 each from White British [individualist] and Chinese [collectivist] backgrounds) aged between 8 and 11 years, were drawn from UK primary schools.Data were collected through on-task observation, task-related interview, and self-report questionnaire. Cross-sectional and correlational analyses examined relationships between these components, and whether cross-component influences differed according to cultural background. The principal finding was that culture impacts on the nature and operation of the motivational components of SRL, not the cognitive ones, with White British children exhibiting motivation based on personal experience and attitude; while Chinese children were motivated more by family expectations. These differences fed through to on-task effort and performance. The findings provide an impetus to cross-cultural research in SRL development by providing a model (SRL+TPB) that operationalises the interaction of cultural influences with SRL; and point to ways in which classroom interventions might utilise the patterns of effects observed.
Unravelling the Link between Science, Technology and Entrepreneurship for Wealth Creation
Authors: Forje Lema C.
Published: March 2022

This paper argues that a conflation between science and entrepreneurship can improve business activities, people’s welfare, stimulate economic development as well as provide science with new research avenues. Invaluable feedback from businesses will provide science with more creative ideas that will lead to more business creation and development. Mole and Ram (2012) discusses the difference between science and entrepreneurship how they can work together to foster economic development. Data is collected from a total of 100 interviewees: 42 entrepreneurs, 5 scientists 50 randomly selected consumers of various goods in the Bamenda environment and 3 engineers. The study concludes that business is responsible for bringing scientific discoveries and technological inventions that improves human wellbeing to the market. It therefore recommends that, the creation of an entrepreneurship centre that enables scientists, businesspeople and technologists to come together and discuss how they can well use their knowledge for scientific and more business opportunity discoveries. It emphasises the role of accountability, effective management, organisation participation and entrepreneurial marketing for profitable and sustainable business progress.
A Review on Uses of Various Nanoparticlesin the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Bairagi Shriram , Takarkhede Smita , Dighe Jagruti , Gangurde Dhaneshwari
Published: March 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a most common autoimmune (auto-self: immune-immunity system). It is inflammatory in nature. If generally causes bone and cartilage destruction. Itaffect on joint clinical manifestationsof arthritis various from patient to patient. Now, new field comes into existence called use of nanoparticles and nanotechnology. It improves the pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamics of rheumatoid arthritis drugs. Nanoparticles act on site of inflammation and delivery of therapeutic agent to that site. It also increases specificity of drugs and decrease side effects. These review summarize the current therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis. Nanotechnology or nanoparticles used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Mostly focus on application of nanoparticles in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
A New Approach to Transdermal Drug Delivery Using Transfersomes-Based Nanoencapsulation: A Research Update
Authors: Rajkumar J , Sree Lakshmi R. K. , Vineesha Shalini
Published: March 2022

A primary goal of these delivery systems was to provide patients with greater convenience. This drug delivery technology is a specially constructed artificial vesicle that resembles cell vesicles and is appropriate for controlling and potentially targeted medication administration. Because they are formed of natural phospholipids, like liposomes, they are biodegradable and biocompatible. They are made up of phospholipids such as Phosphatidyl choline, edge activators such as sodium cholate, and a little amount of ethanol. Transferosome drug delivery works via two processes. For starters, as drug vectors, they remain intact after penetrating the skin. Second, they operate as penetration enhancers, breaking the stratum corneum's highly structured intercellular lipids. Based on data that it is effective without causing skin irritation, this medication delivery technique is preferred for the treatment of skin cancer. This review gives an important overview of transfersomes as drug delivery vesicles' properties, composition, manufacturing processes, formulation examples, characterization, succinct assessments of published publications and applications, and so on.
An Appraisal on Practical Implication of Yogya Sutriya
Authors: Rathore Love krishna Pal Singh , S Anand
Published: March 2022

Classical references doencapsulate the utility of surgical interventions years ago itself. There was a time with our ancient Acharyas have postulated different treatment modalities and later on these contributions were transmigrated into modern face. Susrutasamhita has put forward a unique notionregarding practical aspects of Shalyaaaharana. Different chapters were described in Sutra sthana, enlightening the same concept and these are more reliable and helpful in clinical practise at present. Yogyasutriya as one among those chapters, explores knowledge on practical training. Various methodologies have been mentioned in this particular chapter. Administration of this in current clinical practise will be more precise and recommended one. Execution of the methods which are explained by Acharya is more important now a days. So apart from a review point of view, a contemporary paradigm is needed with demonstration and pictorial representation too. So that students will be more benefited during their practical phases.
A Review on the Importance of Pharmacy Practice in Day-To-Day Life
Authors: Ganguly Debgopal , Ghosh Soumyadip , Banerjee Madhumita , Chakraborty Pubali , Karar Pradip Kumar
Published: March 2022

Pharmacist is also known as chemist or druggist as health care professionals who practice in pharmacy deal with the field of medicine and provide proper medication and are also involved in the field of preparation, standardization, formulation, quality checking, inspection, compounding, and dispensing of the different types of drug of several dosage forms in such a way the medication preferable for a simplified route of administration in the treatment of local as well as chronic diseases. Pharmacists are healthcare professionals who worked in a wide variety of health care systems such as in the pharmaceutical industry for innovation (R&D), formulation, manufacturing, processing, quality checking, and maintaining proper safety and toxicity parameters. Pharmacists are involved in patient education and worked in collaboration with physicians and other health care professionals for the prevention of disease and the treatment of patients. This article discusses a review on the importance of the pharmacy practice in different fields and fundamental characteristics of involvement in day-to-day life and plays a to assure patient benefits from rational evidence-based medication and improvement of patient care. There is a need for a system of assuring the integrity of the medicine supply chain to assure the value of medicines used very important role during the Covid19 pandemic.
New Topical Drug Delivery System Pharmaceutical Organogel: A Review
Authors: Sharma Jaya , Agrawal Dilip , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Khandelwal Mohit , Aman Shaneza
Published: March 2022

A simple working definition of this term'Gel' is a soft, durable or solid material,containing both solids and liquid parts, where the solid part(gelator) exists as amesh / network of aggregates, viz immobilize part of the liquid,a strong network prevents the liquid from leaking flow, especially by local pressure. The gel is called a hydrogel or Organogel depending on the type liquid component: water in hydrogel and a living solvent in organogels .Organogels have been discovered as a multipurpose tool in pharmaceuticals for topical as well as transdermal delivery of various drugs. They are semisolid classifications consists of apolar phase and a solid phase. Gels are form through the mechanism of entrapment of a polar segment  into the three-dimensional networked assembly of solid phase. Apolar phase is inculded as a solvent such as isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate etc.an organogelator such as sorbiatanmonostearte, lecithin etc. are consist by solid phase Organogel, non-crystalline, nonglassythermoreversible (thermoplastic)solid materials and viscoelastic system,can be considered semi-solid an immobilized preparation external apholar phase. Apholar the section closes between spaces of a three-dimensional network a structure built due to physical condition negotiation between collectors compound properties considered as gelators. Generally, these programs are supported in structurant integration molecules .These systems are good transporter for both hydrophilic and lipophilic therapeutic agents. The present review describes a number of  important properties of organogel, different types of organogel based on organogelator, method of preparation and various applications in pharmaceuticals.