bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The manifestation of affective symptoms in multiple sclerosis and discussion of the currently available diagnostic assessment tools
Authors: Filser Melanie , Buchner Axel , Fink Gereon Rudolf , Gold Stefan M. , Penner Iris-Katharina
Published: September 2022

Introduction

In addition to physical and cognitive symptoms, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have an increased risk of experiencing mental health problems.

Methods

This narrative review provides an overview of the appearance and epidemiology of affective symptoms in MS such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, euphoria, and pseudobulbar affect. Furthermore, the association between affective symptoms and quality of life and the currently used diagnostic instruments for assessing these symptoms are considered whereby relevant studies published between 2009 and 2021 were included in the review.

Results

Patients with mild and moderate disability more frequently reported severe problems with depression and anxiety than severe mobility problems. Apart from the occurrence of depression, little is known about the association of other affective symptoms such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, euphoria, and pseudobulbar affect and subsyndromal symptoms, which fail to meet the diagnostic criteria but are nevertheless a significant source of distress. Although there are a few recommendations in the research to perform routine screenings for diagnosable affective disorders, a standardized diagnostic procedure to assess subsyndromal symptoms is still lacking. As the applied measurements are diverse and show low accuracy to detect these symptoms, patients who experience affective symptoms are less likely to be identified.

Discussion

In addition to the consideration of definite psychiatric diagnoses, there is an unmet need for a common definition and assessment of disease-related affective symptoms in MS. Future studies should focus on the improvement and standardization of a common diagnostic procedure for subsyndromal affective symptoms in MS to enable integrated and optimal care for patients.
Interdisciplinary surgical approach enables complete tumor resection with preservation of neurological function in specific conditions of pediatric solid malignancies
Authors: Urla Cristian , Fuchs Jörg , Grimm Alexander , Schmidt Andreas , Schäfer Jürgen , Schuhmann Martin U. , Warmann Steven W.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Success of pediatric solid tumor surgery is regularly hampered by infiltration of essential neurovascular structures. A surgical dilemma arises when imaging data suggest a conflict between complete resection and preservation of neurological function. The aim of the study was to analyze data of children harboring tumors with involvement of neurovascular structure treated by an interdisciplinary pediatric surgical/neurosurgical team.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of 25 children undergoing surgery for solid tumors, in whom preoperative imaging showed a relevant involvement of nerve structures. Surgery was simultaneously performed by a pediatric onco-surgeon and a pediatric neurosurgeon with peripheral nerve expertise, including intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring.

Results

The following tumors were treated: NF1 associated neurofibromas (10), neuroblastomas (5), desmoid tumors (2), MPNST (2), ganglioneuroma (1), Ewing sarcoma (1), infantile fibromatosis (1), PNET (1), rhabdomyosarcoma (1), angiolipoma (1). The most frequent tumor localizations were the pelvis (n = 7) and retroperitoneal region (n = 6). Median age at surgery was 8 years (1.5–16). Macroscopically complete tumor resection was achieved in 24/25 patients. In 2/4 patients with limb tumors an amputation was planned externally. In both, a limb-salvage procedure was possible. Transient postoperative neurological deficits occurred in 2/25 patients. Four patients had tumor relapses. All but one are alive after a median follow-up of 46 months (2–155).

Conclusions

Simultaneous interdisciplinary pediatric surgical/neurosurgical approach enables radical tumor resection with preservation of neurological function in patients suffering from solid tumors with involvement of relevant neurovascular structures. This approach should be performed by experienced surgeons in reference pediatric onco-surgical centers.
A combined FD-HB approximation method for steady-state vibrations in large dynamical systems with localised nonlinearities
Authors: Kappauf Jonas , Bäuerle Simon , Hetzler Hartmut
Published: September 2022

The approximation of steady-state vibrations within non-linear dynamical systems is well-established in academics and is becoming increasingly important in industry. However, the complexity and the number of degrees of freedom of application-oriented industrial models demand efficient approximation methods for steady-state solutions. One possible approach to that problem are hybrid approximation schemes, which combine advantages of standard methods from the literature. The common ground of these methods is their description of the steady-state dynamics of a system solely based on the degrees of freedom affected directly by non-linearity—the so-called non-linear degrees of freedom. This contribution proposes a new hybrid method for approximating periodic solutions of systems with localised non-linearities. The motion of the non-linear degrees of freedom is approximated using the Finite Difference method, whilst the motion of the linear degrees of freedom is treated with the Harmonic Balance method. An application to a chain of oscillators showing stick-slip oscillations is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed hybrid framework. A comparison with both pure Finite Difference and Harmonic Balance method reveals a noticeable increase in efficiency for larger systems, whilst keeping an excellent approximation quality for the strongly non-linear solution parts.
Hepatic expression of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Nakano Dan , Akiba Jun , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Kawaguchi Machiko , Yoshida Takafumi , Koga Hironori , Kawaguchi Takumi
Published: September 2022

Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) occurs in the proximal renal tubule cells. We investigate the hepatic expression of SGLT2 and its related factors in patients with chronic liver disease. This is a retrospective human study. The liver tissues were biopsied from patients with chronic liver disease (n = 30). The expression levels of SGLT2 were evaluated by immunostaining. Furthermore, the undirected graphical model was used to identify factors associated with hepatic expression levels of SGLT2. The SGLT2 expression was observed in not only the kidney, but also the liver in immunostaining (SGLT2 intensity: kidney 165.8 ± 15.6, liver 114.4 ± 49.0 arbitrary units, P < 0.01) and immunoblotting. There was no significant difference in hepatic expression of SGLT2 in the stratified analysis according to age, sex, BMI, and the severity of the liver disease. In the undirected graphical model, SGLT2 directly interacted with various factors such as sex, fatty change, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, triglyceride, hemoglobin A1c, creatinine, and albumin (partial correlation coefficient 0.4–0.6 for sex and 0.2–0.4 for others). The expression of SGLT2 was observed in the hepatocytes of patients with chronic liver disease. The undirected graphical model demonstrated the complex interaction of hepatic expression levels of SGLT2 with gender, inflammation, renal function, and lipid/glucose/protein metabolisms.
Does predation risk affect spatial use in an introduced ungulate species? The case of a Mediterranean mouflon alpine colony
Authors: Tizzani Paolo , Bessone Mattia , Rossi Luca , Meneguz Pier Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

Predation risk is known to affect the spatial use of prey species, imposing a trade-off between feeding requirements and predation avoidance. As a result, prey species can leave high-quality forage areas to use sub-optimal, but safer, habitat patches, defined as “refuge areas.” In this study, we describe changes in the spatial use of an introduced ungulate species, the Mediterranean mouflon Ovis aries musimon, following the recolonization (in 1996) of wolves Canis lupus into the Albergian Hunting Estate (Italian Western Alps). Since 1988, we monitored the mouflon population by spring counts from vantage points. We georeferenced all observations and recorded the size and structure of the spotted groups. Finally, we identified available refuges by selecting patches characterized by (i) the presence of rocks and (ii) high values of steepness and ruggedness. We found that mouflons significantly reduced the average distance from refuge areas over the years, with the yearly average distance from refuges being 56% lower after wolves recolonized the area (i.e., 93.8 ± 32.1 vs. 213.1 ± 40.9 m). The analysis of orographic parameters showed that mouflons used patches with higher values in elevation, slope, ruggedness, and a significant difference in all three parameters when comparing years pre and post wolf return. Both sexes were significantly affected, but ewes were particularly sensitive and selected patches closer to refuge areas (75.8 ± 30.3 m) than males (131.0 ± 53.6 m). Our results suggest that the presence of new predators can alter the distribution of an introduced species such as the Mediterranean mouflon, triggering the resurgence of anti-predation behavior.
Competitive interactions affect larval survival of two root-boring weed biological control candidates of Rumex spp
Authors: Klötzli Julie , Suter Matthias , Lüscher Andreas , Müller-Schärer Heinz , Schaffner Urs
Published: September 2022

In weed biocontrol, the release of multiple candidates has been proposed as a way to increase herbivore load and thus impact on the target weed. However, the use of multiple herbivorous species may reduce overall herbivore load due to interspecific interactions. We assessed whether a combined application of two Pyropteron spp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) with root-boring larvae can increase larval infestation rate and impact on two Rumex weeds (Caryophyllales: Polygonaceae). In a laboratory assay (‘behavioural experiment’), interference competition was assessed by comparing the survival of a single larva (no competition), of four conspecific larvae (intraspecific competition) and of two larvae of each species (interspecific competition). In a common garden study (‘infestation and impact experiment’), the outcomes of competitive interactions were assessed on potted plants with single and mixed species applications of the two Pyropteron species using a replacement design. In the behavioural experiment, larval survival was similarly reduced under intra- and interspecific competition compared to no competition, suggesting strong interference competition among larvae independent of the Pyropteron species. In the infestation and impact experiment, mixed application did only scarcely increase herbivore load. Increased herbivore load was found to increase root decay when applied in an inundative approach by placing eggs directly on Rumex plants. However, a joint application of two Pyropteron species did not increase the impact. We propose that detailed behavioural and impact studies be conducted to assess the likely outcome of using multiple candidates in biocontrol programs to minimize associated risks with multiple species introductions.
Exploring association between pseudoexfoliation syndrome and ocular aging
Authors: Rumelaitiene Ugne , Speckauskas Martynas , Tamosiunas Abdonas , Radisauskas Ricardas , Peto Tunde , Larsen Morten Bøgelund , Zaliūniene Dalia
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Within a population-based follow-up study, to examine the 10-year incidence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), possible risk factors for PEX and its association with ocular aging of the cornea, lens and retina.

Methods

The baseline examination was conducted in 2006 on a random sample of 1,033 adult participants from Kaunas city (Lithuania) population of whom 631 had ophthalmic examination data at attendance of the 10-year follow-up in 2016. Detailed examination of the anterior and posterior segment of the eye was carried out. After diagnostic mydriasis PEX was diagnosed by the presence of typical grayish-white exfoliation material on the anterior capsule surface of the lens. The participants were divided to PEX and non-PEX groups.

Results

PEX prevalence increased from 9.8 to 34.2% from baseline to 10-year follow-up. Nuclear cataract was common both in the PEX group (66.7%) and in those without PEX (72.2%), but this difference did not reach statistically significantly increased risk of developing cataract in those with PEX (OR 1.2; p = 0.61). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was thinner in the PEX group (529 ± 34 μm) and in the oldest group (525 ± 36 μm) (p < 0.001). Compared to baseline, corneal curvature (CC) became flatter in both groups (7.6 ± 0.27 vs 7.7 ± 0.26 mm; p < 0.001) during the follow-up, but the difference did not reach significance between groups. Corneal astigmatism was most commonly with-the-rule in both groups (37 (50.0%) vs 148 (68.5%); p > 0.05). Age, sex and PEX had no influence on age-related macular degeneration distribution.

Conclusion

The prevalence of PEX increased significantly with age in our population, with those with PEX having thinner and flatter corneae, but no difference in cataract and age-related macular degeneration characteristics.
Pilot Study Examining Caregiver–Child and Family Functioning in PEERS® for Preschoolers
Authors: Factor Reina S. , Rea Hannah M. , Dahiya Angela V. , Laugeson Elizabeth A. , Scarpa Angela
Published: September 2022

Social impairments characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are evident in early childhood and often worsen. Research indicates including caregivers in social skills groups may increase generalization for child outcomes, while also benefiting caregivers by increasing their self-confidence in ability to coach their child. Further, there may be an impact on the entire family. This pilot study examined benefits to the caregiver–child relationship, caregiver self-efficacy, parenting style, and family functioning in an exploratory study of the PEERS® for Preschoolers (P4P) social skills program. The present pilot study aimed to examine the above variables with 15 children with ASD (11 boys; 66.7% white) without intellectual impairment in four groups, applying this novel intervention, informed by other PEERS® programs. Children ranged from 4 to 7 years (M = 4.87, SD = 1.25). Children and caregivers participated in groups twice weekly (i.e., 8 weeks, 16 sessions). Measures that captured specified variables were completed by caregivers as well as through an observational task. Results showed increases in parenting self-efficacy and positive caregiver–child interaction strategies, specifically in caregiver affect/animation and achievement orientation over intervention and at follow-up. Caregivers also noted improvements in overall parenting styles. Changes in family functioning were not indicated. This pilot intervention may positively impact both the child and caregiver, though more research is needed with larger samples that include a control group and apply conclusions to the larger population. Future research should address why changes to family functioning did not emerge and specific mechanisms that lead to positive caregiver-specific outcomes.
Quasi-static Decomposition and the Gibbs Factorial in Small Thermodynamic Systems
Authors: Sasa Shin-ichi , Hiura Ken , Nakagawa Naoko , Yoshida Akira
Published: September 2022

For a classical system consisting of N-interacting identical particles in contact with a heat bath, we define the free energy from thermodynamic relations in equilibrium statistical mechanics. Concretely, the temperature dependence of the free energy is determined from the Gibbs-Helmholtz relation, and its volume dependence is determined from the condition that the quasi-static work in a volume change is equal to the free energy change. Now, we argue the free energy difference in a quasi-static decomposition of small thermodynamic systems. We can then determine the N dependence of the free energy, which includes the Gibbs factorial N! in addition to the phase space integration of the Gibbs–Boltzmann factor.
Beyond intuitive know-how
Authors: Tsai Cheng-hung
Published: September 2022

According to Dreyfusian anti-intellectualism, know-how or expertise cannot be explained in terms of know-that and its cognates but only in terms of intuition. Hubert Dreyfus and Stuart Dreyfus do not exclude know-that and its cognates in explaining skilled action. However, they think that know-that and its cognates (such as calculative deliberation and perspectival deliberation) only operate either below or above the level of expertise. In agreement with some critics of Dreyfus and Dreyfus, in this paper, I argue that know-that and its cognates are constitutive of rather than external to know-how and expertise. However, unlike those critics, who argue for this point only from a phenomenological point of view, my argument adopts a (telic) normative point of view.
Response of a grassland species to dry environmental conditions from water stable isotopic monitoring: no evident shift in root water uptake to wetter soil layers
Authors: Deseano Diaz Paulina Alejandra , van Dusschoten Dagmar , Kübert Angelika , Brüggemann Nicolas , Javaux Mathieu , Merz Steffen , Vanderborght Jan , Vereecken Harry , Dubbert Maren , Rothfuss Youri
Published: September 2022

Aims

We aimed at assessing the influence of above- and below-ground environmental conditions over the performance of Centaurea jacea L., a drought-resistant grassland forb species.

Methods

Transpiration rate, CO2 assimilation rate, leaf water potential, instantaneous and intrinsic water use efficiency, temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit and soil water content in one plant and root length density in four plants, all grown in custom-made columns, were monitored daily for 87 days in the lab. The soil water isotopic composition in eleven depths was recorded daily in a non-destructive manner. The isotopic composition of plant transpiration was inferred from gas chamber measurements. Vertical isotopic gradients in the soil column were created by adding labeled water. Daily root water uptake (RWU) profiles were computed using the multi-source mixing model Stable Isotope Analysis in R (Parnell et al. PLoS ONE 5(3):1–5, 2010).

Results

RWU occurred mainly in soil layer 0–15 cm, ranging from 79 to 44%, even when water was more easily available in deeper layers. In wet soil, the transpiration rate was driven mainly by vapor pressure deficit and light intensity. Once soil water content was less than 0.12 cm3 cm− 3, the computed canopy conductance declined, which restricted leaf gas exchange. Leaf water potential dropped steeply to around − 3 MPa after soil water content was below 0.10 cm3 cm− 3.

Conclusion

Our comprehensive data set contributes to a better understanding of the effects of drought on a grassland species and the limits of its acclimation in dry conditions.
Protonema induction, transient transformation, and protoplast regeneration in the peat moss Sphagnum papillosum
Authors: Lüth Volker M. , Kaltenbrunner Alena , Pascal Arnaud , Decker Eva L. , Reski Ralf
Published: September 2022

Sphagnum mosses are important carbon sequesters and emerging model organisms. However, induction and long-term cultivation of thalloid protonema in several species was not achievable so far. Here, we provide protocols for a set of new tools relevant for Sphagnum molecular biology: a new way for Sphagnum protoplast isolation and regeneration, and a first protocol for transient protoplast transformation. Together, these protocols will support the emerging Sphagnum research community in basic and applied science.
Unterrichtsprogramm zur Förderung von Mental Health Literacy
Authors: Kirchhoff Sandra , Freţian Alexandra Maria , Schulenkorf Tessa , Bollweg Torsten Michael , Bauer Ullrich
Published: September 2022

Hintergrund

Die Bedeutung von Mental Health Literacy (MHL) junger Menschen für den Umgang mit psychischen Belastungen und Erkrankungen wird vermehrt betont und deren Stärkung in präventiven Maßnahmen anvisiert. Da in Deutschland kaum MHL-Programme existieren, wurde ein kanadisches, MHL-basiertes Unterrichtsprogramm adaptiert, eingesetzt und evaluiert. Zum Programm liegen international Wirksamkeitsnachweise vor (z. B. bzgl. Wissenszuwachs, Stigmaverringerung), jedoch keine Berichte, wie das Programm von der Zielgruppe angenommen wird. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich der Rezeption der Schüler:innen und prüft, ob sich das Programm für deutsche Schüler:innen eignet.

Ziel der Arbeit

Es wird die Rezeption des Programms durch Schüler:innen dargestellt, um Akzeptanz, Eignung und Bedarfsangemessenheit zu erörtern.

Material und Methoden

Die deutsche Programmversion wurde in Bielefelder Schulen pilotiert und evaluiert. Über programmspezifische Fragen schätzten teilnehmende Schüler:innen das Programm ein.

Ergebnisse

Schüler:innen der 9 teilnehmenden Klassen bewerteten das Programm insgesamt, unterschiedliche Programmaspekte sowie die Relevanz für Schüler:innen gleichen Alters positiv. Auch die Auswertung offener Angaben bestätigt, dass das MHL-Programm an Bedarfe und Interessen zum Thema psychische Gesundheit anschließt und Schüler:innen der heterogenen Stichprobe erreicht hat.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass sich das adaptierte Programm für Schüler:innen an deutschen Schulen eignet. Weitere Studien sind nötig, um dies zu bestätigen. Neben Wirksamkeitsprüfungen sollten Programmevaluationen die Einschätzung der Zielgruppe integrieren, da diese Hinweise bzgl. Akzeptanz und Entwicklungspotenzial liefert.
Characterization and Comparison of Single VAR-Remelted and Double VAR-Remelted Ingots of INCOLOY ® Alloy 925
Authors: Ducoli A. , Mombelli D. , Gruttadauria A. , Febbrari A. , Barella S. , Mapelli C. , Veronesi C.
Published: September 2022

Alloy 925 is a nickel-based superalloy usually produced by Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), followed by Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) and Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR). It can undergo to one VAR remelting (EAF-AOD-VAR) or, if necessary due to process instabilities, two VAR remelting (EAF-AOD-VAR-VAR). The characterization of A925 ingots remelted one or two times after forging and aging was carried out to enhance differences. The VAR remelting rate of single- or double-remelted samples was correlated to metallurgical and mechanical properties. The microstructure observation revealed a higher quantity of MC, M23C6 and TiN precipitates (both inter- and intragranular) in single-remelted samples: the intergranular ones increase in quantity going from the ingot center position to the external one where cluster of titanium nitrides were detected. The higher presence of intergranular precipitates causes a high deterioration of impact toughness (71.1 ± 12.7 vs 90.5 ± 7.1 J) and lateral expansion (0.91 ± 0.18 vs 1.14 ± 0.07 mm). On the other hand, the number of remelting does not affect other tensile properties and hardness. Therefore, the different behavior of forged ingots at single and double remelting are not related to the number of remelting and remelting rate. On the other hand, the slightly lower toughness of single-remelted forged ingots can be corelated to defects derived from casting.
Parallel batching with multi-size jobs and incompatible job families
Authors: Druetto Alessandro , Pastore Erica , Rener Elena
Published: September 2022

Parallel batch scheduling has many applications in the industrial sector, like in material and chemical treatments, mold manufacturing and so on. The number of jobs that can be processed on a machine mostly depends on the shape and size of the jobs and of the machine. This work investigates the problem of batching jobs with multiple sizes and multiple incompatible families. A flow formulation of the problem is exploited to solve it through two column generation-based heuristics. First, the column generation finds the optimal solution of the continuous relaxation, then two heuristics are proposed to move from the continuous to the integer solution of the problem: one is based on the price-and-branch heuristic, the other on a variable rounding procedure. Experiments with several combinations of parameters are provided to show the impact of the number of sizes and families on computation times and quality of solutions.
Computing Elements of Certain Form in Ideals to Prove Properties of Operators
Authors: Hofstadler Clemens , Raab Clemens G. , Regensburger Georg
Published: September 2022

Proving statements about linear operators expressed in terms of identities often leads to finding elements of certain form in noncommutative polynomial ideals. We illustrate this by examples coming from actual operator statements and discuss relevant algorithmic methods for finding such polynomials based on noncommutative Gröbner bases. In particular, we present algorithms for computing the intersection of a two-sided ideal with a one-sided ideal as well as for computing homogeneous polynomials in two-sided ideals and monomials in one-sided ideals. All methods presented in this work are implemented in the Mathematica package .
Spatial and temporal scale of analysis alter conclusions about the effects of urbanisation on plant–pollinator networks
Authors: Prendergast Kit S. , Ollerton Jeff
Published: September 2022

Bipartite networks of flowering plants and their visitors (potential pollinators) are increasingly being used in studies of the structure and function of these ecological interactions. Whilst they hold much promise in understanding the ecology of plant–pollinator networks and how this may be altered by environmental perturbations, like land-use change and invasive species, there is no consensus about the scale at which such networks should be constructed and analysed. Ecologists, however, have emphasised that many processes are scale dependent. Here, we compare network- and species-level properties of ecological networks analysed at the level of a site, pooling across sites within a given habitat for each month of surveys, and pooling across all sites and months to create a single network per habitat type. We additionally considered how these three scales of resolution influenced conclusions regarding differences between networks according to two contrasting habitat types (urban bushland remnants and residential gardens) and the influence of honey bee abundance on network properties. We found that most network properties varied markedly depending on the scale of analysis, as did the significance, or lack thereof, of habitat type and honey bee abundance on network properties. We caution against pooling across sites and months as this can create unrealistic links, invalidating conclusions on network structure. In conclusion, consideration of scale of analysis is also important when conducting and interpreting plant–pollinator networks.
Towards socially responsible public procurement
Authors: Caranta Roberto
Published: September 2022

The 2014 procurement and concessions directives have clarified the possibilities that exist for referring to social considerations in public procurement (and socially responsible public procurement). Still, these rules fall, in the main, well short of being mandatory and instead leave wide margins to Member States and their contracting authorities which do not wish to consider social and human rights concerns when buying. Furthermore, concerns about ensuring the widest competition possible may limit reference to social considerations. Recently proposed reforms may however go a long way towards more sustainable production and procurement.
Soziale Arbeit in der stationären Palliativversorgung
Authors: Neupert Ingo
Published: September 2022

Innerhalb von multiprofessionellen Strukturen der Palliativversorgung in Krankenhäusern bedarf es eines professionellen Selbstverständnisses der Sozialen Arbeit. Der Artikel arbeitet relevante Anforderungen an professionelles Handeln von Fachkräften in diesem spezifischen Setting heraus.
Explaining gaps by parental education in children’s early language and social outcomes at age 3–4 years: evidence from harmonised data from three countries
Authors: Volodina Anna , Weinert Sabine , Washbrook Elizabeth , Waldfogel Jane , Kwon Sarah Jiyoon , Wang Yi , Perinetti Casoni Valentina
Published: September 2022

Child outcomes vary by family’s socioeconomic status (SES). Research on explanatory factors underlying early SES-related disparities has mainly focused on specific child outcomes (e.g., language skills) and selected influencing factors in single countries often with a focus on individual differences but not explicitly on early SES-related gaps. This study uses harmonised data from longitudinal large-scale studies conducted in the United Kingdom, United States, and Germany to examine parental education-related gaps in early child language and social skills. Twelve theoretically proposed family-, child-, and childcare-related factors were systematically evaluated as explanatory factors. In all countries, parental education-related gaps were particularly pronounced for early child language compared to social skills. In the decomposition analyses, the home learning environment was the only measure that significantly explained gaps in all child outcomes across all countries. Early centre-based care attendance, family income, and maternal age at childbirth contributed to gaps in child outcomes with the specific pattern of results varying across outcomes and countries. Maternal depressive feelings significantly contributed only to explaining gaps in children’s social skills. Thus, while some mechanisms found to underpin early parental education-related gaps can be generalized from single-country, single-domain studies, others are outcome- and context-specific.
Bi- and multi-objective location routing problems: classification and literature review
Authors: Tadaros M. , Migdalas A.
Published: September 2022

The facility location problem and the vehicle routing problem are highly interdependent and critical parts of any efficient and cost-effective supply chain. The location of facilities heavily affects the design of distribution routes between the facilities and various demand nodes. Within locational analysis, the location-routing problem is a mathematical optimization problem that considers the underlying issues of vehicle routing and simultaneously optimizes the location of facilities and the design of distribution routes. Since, in real-life applications, it is common that decision-makers encounter more than one, often conflicting objectives, the problem can be stated in term of multi-objective optimization. This paper reviews 80 journal articles published in the field of bi- and multi-objective location-routing problems between 2014 and 2020. Included papers are classified based on several factors covering model assumptions and characteristics, objectives, solution approaches, and application area. For each application area, individual papers are presented and discussed. The paper concludes with remarks and suggestions for future research.
An ambient assisted living architecture for hospital at home coupled with a process-oriented perspective
Authors: Sulis Emilio , Amantea Ilaria Angela , Aldinucci Marco , Boella Guido , Marinello Renata , Grosso Marco , Platter Paolo , Ambrosini Serena
Published: September 2022

The growing number of next-generation applications offers a relevant opportunity for healthcare services, generating an urgent need for architectures for systems integration. Moreover, the huge amount of stored information related to events can be explored by adopting a process-oriented perspective. This paper discusses an Ambient Assisted Living healthcare architecture to manage hospital home-care services. The proposed solution relies on adopting an event manager to integrate sources ranging from personal devices to web-based applications. Data are processed on a federated cloud platform offering computing infrastructure and storage resources to improve scientific research. In a second step, a business process analysis of telehealth and telemedicine applications is considered. An initial study explored the business process flow to capture the main sequences of tasks, activities, events. This step paves the way for the integration of process mining techniques to compliance monitoring in an AAL architecture framework.
Anamorphic chaetosphaeriaceous fungi from China
Authors: Wu Wenping , Diao Yongzhao
Published: September 2022

Chaetosphaeriaceae is one of the largest families in Sordariomycetes with its members commonly found on decaying leaf, fruit, branch, bark and wood in both terrestrial and submerged environment in nature. This paper reports our research result of diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of anamorphic Chaetosphaeriaceae in China, which is based on a systematic study with an integrated approach of morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis for a large collection (> 1300 herbarium specimens and 1100 living strains). The family Chaetosphaeriaceae is expanded to accommodate 89 accepted genera, including 22 new genera and 10 newly assigned genera. Most of these genera (except forChaetosphaeriaand several other relatively large genera) are delimitated as monophyletic genera with well-defined diagnostic characters in morphology. The phylogenetic connection of non-phialidicSporidesmium-like fungi is further confirmed and expanded to 10 different genera. The polyphyleticCodinaea/Dictyochaeta/Tainosphaeriacomplex is further resolved with a taxonomic framework of 28 monophyletic genera by redelimitation ofCodinaeaandDictyochaetawith narrower concept, acceptance of the 16 established genera, and finally introduction of 10 new genera.Chloridiumis phylogenetically redefined as monophyletic genus with narrower concept as typified by the type species, but a systematic review in both generic and species level is still needed. For biodiversity of chaetosphaeriaceous fungi, a total of 369 species in 76 genera, including 119 new species, 47 new combinations, and one new name, are documented. The identification keys are provided for most genera, especially the large genera such asCodinaeas. str.,Codinaeella,Stilbochaeta,Cryptophiale,Thozetella,DinemasporiumandPseudolachnella. In addition, ten known species were excluded from the family and reclassified. Systematic revision of several relatively large polyphyletic genera should be conducted in future studies, includingBahusutrabeeja,Ellisembia,Stanjehughesia,Cacumisporium,Chaetosphaeria,Chloridium,Craspedodidymum,Cryptophiale,Cryptophialoidea,Dictyochaetopsis,Minimidochium, and many published species ofCodinaeaandDictyochaeta.
A review of formulations and preclinical studies of inhaled rifampicin for its clinical translation
Authors: Khadka Prakash , Dummer Jack , Hill Philip C. , Katare Rajesh , Das Shyamal C.
Published: September 2022

Inhaled drug delivery is a promising approach to achieving high lung drug concentrations to facilitate efficient treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and to reduce the overall duration of treatment. Rifampicin is a good candidate for delivery via the pulmonary route. There have been no clinical studies yet at relevant inhaled doses despite the numerous studies investigating its formulation and preclinical properties for pulmonary delivery. This review discusses the clinical implications of pulmonary drug delivery in TB treatment, the drug delivery systems reported for pulmonary delivery of rifampicin, animal models, and the animal studies on inhaled rifampicin formulations, and the research gaps hindering the transition from preclinical development to clinical investigation. A review of reports in the literature suggested there have been minimal attempts to test inhaled formulations of rifampicin in laboratory animals at relevant high doses and there is a lack of appropriate studies in animal models. Published studies have reported testing only low doses (≤ 20 mg/kg) of rifampicin, and none of the studies has investigated the safety of inhaled rifampicin after repeated administration. Preclinical evaluations of inhaled anti-TB drugs, such as rifampicin, should include high-dose formulations in preclinical models, determined based on allometric conversions, for relevant high-dose anti-TB therapy in humans.

Graphical abstract
The Brachypterous Species of Passalus (Pertinax) (Coleoptera: Passalidae), with the Description of a New Species from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Jiménez-Ferbans Larry , Reyes-Castillo Pedro , Bevilaqua Marcus
Published: September 2022

Brachypterism is a common condition cited in passalid beetles, mainly associated to species with strictly montane distributions. In the New World Passalids, brachypterism has been reported especially in the tribe Proculini, for which almost all genera have brachypterous species; meanwhile, in Passalini, the other Netropical tribe, it has been cited only for the genusPassalus, mainly in the subgenusPassalus(Passalus). Here we present a commented list of the brachypterous species of the subgenusPassalus(Pertinax); we redescribedPassalus gravelyiMoreira,P.quitensis(Kaup),P.striatissimusLuederwaldt, andP. sulcifrons(Kuwert) and describe a new species from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.
Hybridizing slime mould algorithm with simulated annealing algorithm: a hybridized statistical approach for numerical and engineering design problems
Authors: Ch Leela Kumari , Kamboj Vikram Kumar , Bath S. K.
Published: September 2022

The existing slime mould algorithm clones the uniqueness of the phase of oscillation of slime mould conduct and exhibits slow convergence in local search space due to poor exploitation phase. This research work exhibits to discover the best solution for objective function by commingling slime mould algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm for better variation of parameters and named as hybridized slime mould algorithm–simulated annealing algorithm. The simulated annealing algorithm improves and accelerates the effectiveness of slime mould technique as well as assists to take off from the local optimum. To corroborate the worth and usefulness of the introduced strategy, nonconvex, nonlinear, and typical engineering design difficulties were analyzed for standard benchmarks and interdisciplinary engineering design concerns. The proposed technique version is used to evaluate six, five, five unimodal, multimodal and fixed-dimension benchmark functions, respectively, also including 11 kinds of interdisciplinary engineering design difficulties. The technique’s outcomes were compared to the results of other on-hand optimization methods, and the experimental results show that the suggested approach outperforms the other optimization techniques.
The longitudinal association between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome and its component conditions in an older adult population
Authors: Wong Tommy Hon Ting , Burlutsky George , Gopinath Bamini , Flood Victoria M. , Mitchell Paul , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu
Published: September 2022

The present study aimed to assess the longitudinal associations of coffee and tea consumption with metabolic syndrome and its component conditions in a group of Australian older adults who participated in the Blue Mountains Eye Study (n 2554, mean age: 64 years, 43 % female). Participants’ coffee and tea intake were measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) over a 10-year period were estimated using Cox hazard regression models adjusting for lifestyle factors. Results showed that coffee consumption was not associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome, high fasting glucose, high triglycerides, central obesity, high blood pressure and low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). Tea consumption was not associated with incidence of metabolic syndrome and the component conditions except for the risk of having low HDL-C, in which a nominally inverse association was observed (multivariate-adjusted HR at 2–3 cups/d: 0⋅48, 95 % CI 0⋅26, 0⋅87, P = 0⋅016; 4 cups/d or more: 0⋅50, 95 % CI 0⋅27, 0⋅93, P = 0⋅029). After stratifying for fruit consumption (Pinteraction between tea and fruit = 0⋅007), consuming four cups of tea per day was nominally associated with lower incidence of metabolic syndrome among those with high fruit consumption (multivariable-adjusted HR: 0⋅44, 95 % CI 0⋅20, 0⋅93, P = 0⋅033). Our results did not support a significant association between tea and coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome. Tea consumption may be associated with a lower risk of having low HDL-C, while high tea and fruit consumption together may be associated with a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
Adequacy of antenatal care services utilisation and its effect on anaemia in pregnancy
Authors: Saapiire Ferguson , Dogoli Richard , Mahama Saaka
Published: September 2022

Anaemia in pregnancy remains a critical public health concern in many countries including Ghana and it poses severe consequences in the short to long-term for women and their unborn babies. Although antenatal care (ANC) is largely provided for pregnant women, the extent its utilisation protects against anaemia in pregnancy remains largely understudied. The study assessed the adequacy of ANC services utilisation and its effect on anaemia among pregnant women in the Wa Municipality of Ghana. A facility-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. Probability proportionate to size sampling and systematic random sampling were used to select the facilities and 353 respondents. While 80⋅2 % of the pregnant women reported having received a sufficient number of ANC services provided, the prevalence of the overall ANC adequacy was only 44⋅2 %. After adjusting for potential confounders, pregnant women who could not achieve adequate ANC attendance were 2⋅3 times more likely to be anaemic in the third trimester of gestation AOR = 2⋅26 (95 % CI 1⋅05, 4⋅89), compared to their counterparts who maintained adequate ANC attendance. Adequate ANC attendance was a consistent and significant predictor of anaemia in pregnancy in the third trimester. Health and nutrition education on the need for early initiation of ANC attendance and support for the consumption of diversified diets are two possible interventions that can help contain anaemia in pregnancy.
Basal hydrofractures near sticky patches
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Davis Timothy , Katz Richard F. , Stevens Laura A. , May Dave A.
Published: September 2022

Basal crevasses are macroscopic structural discontinuities at the base of ice sheets and glaciers that arise by fracture. Motivated by observations and by the mechanics of elastic fracture, we hypothesise that spatial variations in basal stress (in the presence of basal water pressure) can promote and localise basal crevassing. We quantify this process in the theoretical context of linear elastic fracture mechanics. We develop a model evaluating the effect of shear-stress variation on the growth of basal crevasses. Our results indicate that sticky patches promote the propagation of basal crevasses, increase their length of propagation into the ice and, under some conditions, give them curved trajectories that incline upstream. A detailed exploration of the parameter space is conducted to gain a better understanding of the conditions under which sticky-patch-induced basal crevassing is expected beneath ice sheets and glaciers.
An exploration into the impact that shift work has on the nutritional behaviours of UK police officers
Authors: Allen Katie , Safi Ayazullah , Deb Sanjoy K.
Published: September 2022

Police officers are at high risk of developing obesity and cardiometabolic health conditions. Their job presents challenges that contribute to this, predominantly shift work, which causes circadian misalignment and can impair metabolism. Food consumption plays a critical role in the synchronisation of the circadian system. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the barriers and the impact that different shift types have on the dietary habits of police officers in the UK. A concurrent mixed-methods design was used through an online survey that was open to all police officers who were currently working shifts in the UK. One hundred and twenty-seven police officers were included in the analysis. Diet quality was significantly worse on all shift types than on rest days (P < 0·001) and was negatively correlated with BMI on all shifts: early shift (= −0·29, P = 0·001), late shift (rs(105) = −0·25, P = 0·009), nightshift (rs(104) = −0·24, P = 0·013) and rest days (rs(117) = −0·31, P = 0·001). Participants reported that shift work had altered their frequency and timing of food consumption and had increased their reliance on convenience and poor-quality food. Barriers to healthy eating included lacking time (87 %), motivation (65 %) and cost (48 %). Convenience was ranked the highest influence on food choice (49 %), followed by price (41·5 %). Police officers are faced with unavoidable challenges when it comes to eating healthily. Future police-specific dietary interventions are required, providing practical solutions to these barriers so that behaviour change is more likely to be implemented.
Udder health of dairy cows with an extended voluntary waiting period from calving until the first insemination
Authors: Ma Junnan , Kok Akke , Goselink Roselinde M. A. , Lam Theo J. G. M. , Kemp Bas , van Knegsel Ariette T. M.
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an extended voluntary waiting period (VWP) on SCC, SCC elevations and clinical mastitis incidence during the complete lactation and the first 6 weeks of the next lactation. Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (N = 154) were blocked for parity, expected milk yield, calving season and breeding value for persistency and were randomly distributed across 3 VWP (50, 125, or 200 d: VWP-50, VWP-125, VWP-200). Cows were monitored from calving until 6 weeks into the next lactation, or until culling. An elevation of SCC in milk was defined as SCC in milk ≥200 000 cells/ml after two previous weeks with SCC < 200 000 cells/ml. Over the complete lactation, extending the VWP did not affect SCC elevations and the occurrence of clinical mastitis per lactation or per cow per year. There was no clear effect of VWP length on SCC in the complete lactation, except that multiparous cows in VWP-125 had a higher SCC compared with multiparous cows in VWP-50. Dry-off antibiotic usage per cow per year was lower in VWP-200 compared with VWP-50 for multiparous cows. In the first 6 weeks of the next lactation, cows in VWP-200 had a higher SCC compared with cows in VWP-50, with no effect of VWP on the number of elevations of SCC or the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Extending the VWP may therefore be used to reduce the frequency of transition periods and the associated use of dry-cow antibiotics, with limited impact on udder health, and a similar occurrence of SCC elevations and clinical mastitis per year.