bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decarboxylative Benzylation of Aryl and Alkenyl Boronic Esters
Authors: Moon Patrick J. , Fahandej‐Sadi Anis , Qian Wenyu , Lundgren Rylan J.
Published: March 2018

The copper‐catalyzed decarboxylative benzylation of aryl and alkenyl boronic esters with electron‐deficient aryl acetates is reported. The oxidative coupling proceeds under mild, aerobic conditions and tolerates a host of potentially reactive electrophilic functional groups that would be problematic with traditional benzylation methods (aryl iodides and bromides, protic heteroatoms, aldehydes, Michael acceptors). A reaction pathway in which a benzylic nucleophile is generated by aryl acetate decarboxylation and in turn is intercepted by the catalyst to form diarylmethane products is supported by mechanistic studies.
Pb2BO3I: A Borate Iodide with the Largest Second‐Harmonic Generation (SHG) Response in the KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) Family of Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Materials
Authors: Yu Hongwei , Koocher Nathan Z. , Rondinelli James M. , Halasyamani P. Shiv
Published: March 2018

Borate halides are an ideal materials class from which to design high‐performance nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Currently, borate fluorides, chlorides, and bromides are extensively investigated while borate iodide materials discovery remains rare because of the perceived synthetic challenges. We report a new borate iodide, Pb2BO3I, synthesized by a straightforward hydrothermal method. The Pb2BO3I chemical formula conceals that the compound exhibits a structure similar to the well‐established KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF), which we show supports the highest second‐harmonic generation (SHG) at 1064 nm in the KBBF family, 10 × KH2PO4 (KDP), arising from the inclusion of Pb2+ and I− and the crystal chemistry. Our work shows that KBBF‐related compounds can be synthesized incorporating iodide and exhibit superior NLO responses.
The Use of Ultrasound in pipette‐tip solid‐phase extraction based on CuS@ZnS@Fe3O4‐CNTs for pre‐concentration of tartrazine in water samples
Authors: Ostovan Abbas , Asadollahzadeh Hamideh , Ghaedi Mehrorang
Published: March 2018

This paper report a novel strategy for synthesis and application of CuS@ZnS@Fe3O4‐CNTs composite which has great potentials as artificial receptor for tartrazine trapping due to its ultrahigh surface area and functionality which is related to application of electrochemical route. A durable and economical pipette‐tip CuS@ZnS@Fe3O4‐CNTs nano‐composite miniaturized solid phase extraction coupled with UV‐Vis spectrophotometry was developed for clean‐up and determination of tartrazine from various water samples. Undoubtedly, presence of mild‐intensity/frequency ultrasound irradiation played a key role for reducing consumption of eluent volume by broking hydrogen bonds between retained analyte and sorbent. The influence of factors including pH, sorbent dosage, sonication time and eluent volume were investigated and optimum conditions were obtained using experimental design methodology. Under optimized conditions, good extraction efficiencies for the analyte were obtained with no matrix interference in the subsequent UV‐Vis. Good linearity for tartrazine in the range of 20‐5000 ng mL‐1 with correlation coefficients of R2 ≥ 0.99 and low detection limit close to 4.76 ng mL‐1 reveals high applicability of method for trace analysis.
Pd(0)‐ S‐propyl‐2‐aminobenzothioate immobilized onto functionalized magnetic nanoporous MCM‐41 as efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst for the Suzuki, Stille and Heck cross coupling reactions
Authors: Nikoorazm Mohsen , Ghorbani Farshid , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Erfani Zahra
Published: March 2018

The present work describes the use of Pd(0)‐ S‐propyl‐2‐aminobenzothioate Complex immobilized onto functionalized magnetic nanoporous MCM‐41(Fe3O4@MCM‐41@Pd‐SPATB) as efficient and recyclable nano‐organometallic catalyst for C–C bond formation between various aryl halides with phenylboronic acid (Suzuki reaction), aryl halides with triphenyltin chloride (Stille reaction), and aryl halides with n‐butyl acrylate (Heck reaction). All the reactions were carried out in PEG‐400 as green solvent with short reaction time and good to excellent yields. This catalyst was characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, VSM, ICP‐OES, TEM, EDX and SEM techniques. Ease of operation, high efficiency, recovery and reusability for five continuous cycles without significant loss of its catalytic activities or metal leaching are the noteworthy features of the currently employed heterogeneous catalytic system.
Bio‐assisted synthesized Ag(0) nanoparticles immobilized on SBA‐15/cyclodextrin nanosponge adduct: Efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the ultrasonic‐assisted synthesis of benzopyranopyrimidines
Authors: Sadjadi Samahe , Heravi Majid M. , Malmir Masoumeh
Published: March 2018

For the first time, SBA‐15/cyclodextrin nanosponge adduct was synthesized through reaction of Cl‐functionalized SBA‐15 and amine‐functionalized cyclodextrin nanosponge (CDNS). This adduct, which benefits from features of both SBA‐15 and CDNS, was then used for immobilization of Ag(0) nanoparticles which were prepared and capped using a bio‐based approach. Ag@CDNS–SBA‐15 was applied as a heterogeneous catalyst for promoting the three‐component reaction of benzaldehydes, 4‐hydroxycoumarin and urea or thiourea under ultrasonic irradiation to furnish benzopyranopyrimidines. The reaction variables were optimized using response surface methodology. The catalytic activity of Ag@CDNS–SBA‐15 was higher than those of Ag@CDNS, Ag@SBA‐15 and Ag@SBA‐15 + CDNS, confirming the contribution of both components to catalysis as well as a synergistic effect between CDNS and SBA‐15. The role of CDNS was to accommodate the substrates and bring them to the vicinity of the Ag(0) nanoparticles. Notably the catalyst was reusable and could be recovered and reused for up to four reaction runs with slight Ag(0) leaching and loss of catalytic activity.
Dendrimer‐encapsulated Cu(Π) nanoparticles immobilized on superparamagnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as a novel recyclable catalyst for N‐arylation of nitrogen heterocycles and green synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles
Authors: Esmaeilpour Mohsen , Sardarian Ali Reza , Firouzabadi Habib
Published: March 2018

In this study, dendrimer‐encapsulated Cu(Π) nanoparticles immobilized on superparamagnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via a multistep‐synthesis. Then, the synthesized composite was fully characterized by various techniques such as fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV‐vis spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). From the information gained by

FE‐SEM and TEM studies it can be inferred that the particles are mostly spherical in shape and have an average size of 50 nm. Also, the amount of Cu is determined to be 0.51 mmol/g in the catalyst by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyzer. This magnetic nano‐compound has been successfully applied as a highly efficient, magnetically recoverable and stable catalyst for N‐arylation of nitrogen heterocycles with aryl halides (I, Br) and arylboronic acids without using external ligands or additives. The catalyst was also employed in a one‐pot, three‐component reaction for the efficient and green synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles using various aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium azide in water. The magnetic catalyst can be easily separated by an external magnet bar and is recycled seven times without significant loss of its activity.
Mechanochemical conversion of nano potassium hydrogen terephthalate to thallium analogue nanoblocks with strong hydrogen bonding and straight chain metalophillic interactions
Authors: Mirzadeh Elham , Akhbari Kamran , White Jonathan
Published: March 2018

Irreversible mechanochemical conversion of three‐dimensional KI coordination polymer [K(μ6‐HTA)]n (1), [H2TA = terephetalic acid], prepared by sonochemical procedure, to TlI analogue coordination polymer nanoblocks was studied. The structure of [Tl(μ3‐HTA)]n (2) is exactly the same as 1 and the Tl ion has distorted octahedral coordination. The carbonyl oxygen is coordinated to two different metal ions, while another oxygen atom is bonded to one metal and participates in a very strong hydrogen bond. Both compounds have secondary straight chain metallophilic interactions. In addition to the same structures of 1 and 2, the same crystal data of them also approved that the chemistry of thallium(I) parallels that of the potassium(I) in many ways.
Chiral S‐stannyl dithiophosphates and dithiophosphonates on the basis of monoterpenols
Authors: Nizamov Ilyas S. , Yakovlev Andrey A. , Nizamov Ilnar D. , Terenzhev Dmitriy A. , Ivshin Kamil A. , Kataeva Olga N. , Shulaeva Marina P. , Pozdeev Oscar K. , Batyeva Elvira S. , Cherkasov Rafael A.
Published: March 2018

Chiral S‐tributylstannyl dithiophosphates and dithiophosphonates were obtained by the reactions of optically active dithiophosphoric and dithiophosphonic acids containing (S)‐(–)‐menthyl and (R)‐(+)‐menthyl substituents with gaseous ammonia and tributyl chlorostannane. The reactions of chiral ammonium dithiophosphate containing (1R)‐endo‐(+)‐fenchyl substituent with tributyl chlorostannane or tetrachlorostannane result in corresponding S‐tributylstannyl dithiophosphate or tetrakis(dithiophosphato)stannane. Molecular structure of ammonium O,O‐di‐(–)‐menthyldithiophosphate was studied by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. Bactericidal activity of S‐tributylstannyl dithiophosphates was tested.
Green synthesis of biologically active transition metal nanoparticles containing novel Schiff base via catalyst free hydrothermal reaction: Structural, biological and morphology study
Authors: Jawoor Shailaja S. , Kumbar Mahantesh , Patil Sangamesh A.
Published: March 2018

Novel cobalt, nickel and copper complexes were synthesized by regular reflux method and nano sized Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal complexes were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method using green solvent at various temperatures without the addition of any capping agent. The structural characterization was done by magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI mass, UV–Visible analysis. The morphology and size of the nano metal complexes were determined using FE‐Scanning electron microscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction data and atomic force microscopic techniques. All the spectral and analytical results reveal 1:2 metal to ligand ratios having [ML2(H2O)2] stoichiometry, here M=Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), L=deprotonated ligand. The non‐electrolytic nature of the compound was confirmed by molar conductance experiment. The synthesized Schiff base and its metal complexes (7, 8 and 9) were tested for their biological activity. All the tested compounds exhibit decent anticancer and DNA cleavage activity and copper complex shows better activity results than other tested compounds.
Effect of octa(epoxycyclohexyl) POSS on thermal, rheology property, and foaming behavior of PLA composites
Authors: Wei Liu , Shicheng He , Hongfu Zhou
Published: March 2018

Foams of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/octa(epoxycyclohexyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (ePOSS) composite were prepared by melt‐mixing and solid‐state foaming methods. A systematic and accurate method was applied to evaluate the effects of epoxy‐based POSS on the structure of dispersion, thermal behavior, and rheological properties of PLA composites. The application of secondary electron–electron back‐scattered diffraction technique was used to observe the cellular micromorphology and micro‐phase dispersion in composite foams, simultaneously. The results indicated that secondary dispersion of POSS aggregates occurred in foaming process. The enhanced melt elasticity, dispersity of POSS, and crystallization morphology of PLA/POSS composite had a significant effect on the controlling foaming behavior. Thus, a homogeneous and finer cellular morphology of PLA/POSS composite foam with high expansion ratio was obtained with a proper content of POSS in the composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46399.
Sulfinate‐Salt‐Mediated Radical Relay Cyclization of Cyclic Ethers with 2‐Alkynylbenzonitriles toward 3‐Alkylated 1‐Indenones
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Tong , Zhang Tian‐Shu , Zhao Qi , Cai Pei‐Jun , Hao Wen‐Juan , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: March 2018

A new sulfinate salt‐mediated radical relay for the completion of C(sp3)−H bond indenylation of cyclic ethers with readily available 2‐alkynylbenzonitriles by combining silver/tert‐butyl peroxide (TBHP) was established, providing a wide range of 3‐alkylated 1‐indenones with generally good yields. Interestingly, the current reaction system can tolerate an S‐centered radical and a C‐centered radical in one pot, in which the S‐centered radical promotes the formation of the C‐centered radical to induce a radical cascade without disturbing the reaction process. A reaction mechanism is also proposed based on control experiments.
Consumer acceptance of innovations in food: A survey among Polish consumers
Authors: Sajdakowska Marta , Jankowski Paweł , Gutkowska Krystyna , Guzek Dominika , Żakowska‐Biemans Sylwia , Ozimek Irena
Published: March 2018

The aim of the study was to examine the possible factors that might contribute to consumer acceptance of food innovations. Particular attention was paid to 3 main factors: (a) relationship between socio‐demographic determinants and level of consumer innovation, (b) evaluation of consumer innovation acceptance, particularly toward animal‐derived food products, and (c) consumer preferences for health‐promoting food innovation over time. Studies were conducted using quantitative research methods in 2004 and 2011. An organic method of production, least important in 2004, was top rated in 2011, and ease of preparation dropped to the bottom of the list in 2011, whereas food origin, low fat, and sugar content were ranked in the first group of the considered factors in 2011. Since 2004, consumers have become used to products with various innovations. The new generation of Poles is relatively more open to new food products, due to the wide range of food products available on the free market. Furthermore, the group of well‐educated consumers with a higher level of income has increased in size, and this includes people interested in knowledge of a product's nutritional value and its health impact. Our study extends existing research in the area of understanding consumer expectations toward food innovations. The results not only contribute to the field of consumer behavior but also have practical potential for food market applications, especially for companies operating on or planning to enter the Polish food market, and which could be used for developing communication strategies.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection alters the macrophage phenotype switching process during wound healing in diabetic mice
Authors: Chen Sinuo , Li Renren , Cheng Chun , Xu Jing‐Ying , Jin Caixia , Gao Furong , Wang Juan , Zhang Jieping , Zhang Jingfa , Wang Hong , Lu Lixia , Xu Guo‐Tong , Tian Haibin
Published: March 2018

Macrophages play critical roles in wound healing process. They switch from “classically activated” (M1) phenotype in the early inflammatory phase to “alternatively activated” (M2) phenotype in the later healing phase. However, the dynamic process of macrophage phenotype switching in diabetic wounds burdened with bacteria is unclear. In this report, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, frequently detected in diabetic foot ulcers, was inoculated into cutaneous wounds of db/db diabetic mice to mimic bacterium‐infected diabetic wound healing. We observed that P. aeruginosa infection impaired diabetic wound healing and quickly promoted the expression of pro‐inflammatory genes (M1 macrophage markers) tumor necrosis factor‐α (tnf‐α), interleukin‐1β (il‐1β) and il‐6 in wounds. The expression of markers of M2 macrophages, including il‐10, arginase‐1, and ym1 were also upregulated. In addition, similar gene expression patterns were observed in macrophages isolated directly from wounds. Immunostaining showed that P. aeruginosa infection increased both the ratios of M1 and M2 macrophages in wounds compared with that in control groups, which was further confirmed by in vitro culturing macrophages with P. aeruginosa and skin fibroblast conditioned medium. However, the ratios of the expression levels of pro‐inflammatory genes to anti‐inflammatory gene il‐10 was increased markedly in P. aeruginosa infected wounds and macrophages compared with that in control groups, and P. aeruginosa prolonged the presence of M1 macrophages in the wounds. These data demonstrated that P. aeruginosa in diabetic wounds activates a mixed M1/M2 macrophage phenotype with an excessive activation of M1 phenotype or relatively inadequate activation of M2 phenotype.
A prospective, multi‐center study of the chocolate balloon in femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease: The Chocolate BAR registry
Authors: Mustapha Jihad A. , Lansky Alexandra , Shishehbor Mehdi , Miles McClure John , Johnson Sarah , Davis Thomas , Makam Prakash , Crowder William , Konstantino Eitan , Attaran Robert R. ,   the Chocolate Bar Investigators
Published: March 2018

The Chocolate BAR study is a prospective multicenter post‐market registry designed to evaluate the safety and performance of the Chocolate percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon catheter in a broad population with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. The primary endpoint is acute procedural success (defined as ≤30% residual stenosis without flow‐limiting dissection); secondary long‐term outcomes include freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR), major unplanned amputation, survival, and patency. A total of 262 patients (290 femoropopliteal lesions) were enrolled at 30 US centers between 2012 and 2014. The primary endpoint of procedure success was achieved in 85.1% of cases, and freedom from stenting occurred in 93.1%. Bail out stenting by independent adjudication occurred in 1.6% of cases and there were no flow limiting dissections. There was mean improvement of 2.1 Rutherford classes (±1.5) at 12‐months, with 78.5% freedom from TLR, 97.2% freedom from major amputation, and 93.3% freedom from all‐cause mortality. Core Lab adjudicated patency was 64.1% at 12 months. Use of the Chocolate balloon in an “all‐comers” population achieved excellent procedural outcomes with low dissection rates and bailout stent use.
Successive relaying for large MIMO amplify‐and‐forward relay networks
Authors: Peng Hong , Su Changran , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we consider a large relay network with one source, K relays and M users, where the source and relays are equipped with W and N antennas, respectively. We propose an amplify‐and‐forward successive relaying protocol in which the relays are divided into 2 groups to successively help transmission to M users. Achievable sum rate of the proposed protocol is derived and found to scale as
when N and M are fixed and K→∞ . On the other hand, when M and K are fixed and N→∞, the achievable sum rate scales as
. Therefore, the scaling law of the achievable sum rate coincides with the capacity scaling law of the considered network. Then, both precoding at the source and grouping of the relay nodes are jointly optimized to further improve the proposed protocol. Numerical results show that the proposed successive relaying protocol can outperform the conventional 2‐slot relaying protocol and the proposed joint optimization scheme for source precoding and relay grouping bring considerable rate gain.
Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometric (ESI MS) Screening and Characterisation of Beryllium Complexes with Potentially Encapsulating Aminopolycarboxylate and Related Ligands
Authors: Raymond Onyekachi , Henderson William , Brothers Penelope J. , Plieger Paul G.
Published: March 2018

A fundamental issue in beryllium research is the search for suitable chelating ligands for environmental and biomedical application. In this paper, the speciation of beryllium ions with several multidentate aminopolycarboxylic acids, which are well‐known commercial and biomedical chelating agents, has been investigated using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI MS). Stoichiometric information, which was readily obtained from the ESI mass spectra, was found to be effective for the preliminary screening of potential encapsulation by tetradentate coordination from a single ligand. Ions observed by ESI MS revealed that the pre‐existing solution species and binding affinity trends were preserved into the gas phase in good agreement with previous solution speciation data, suggesting the ability of ESI MS to be developed as a quick, sensitive and safe screening technique to observe beryllium speciation with ligands of interest at low concentrations. The disruption of beryllium‐ligand binding by addition of other di‐ or trivalent metal cations is also reported.
Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Optical Properties of Half‐Sandwich Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Triarylamine‐Anthracenes
Authors: Kovalski Eduard , Korb Marcus , Hildebrandt Alexander
Published: March 2018

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Alexander Hildebrandt from Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany. The cover image shows a light‐operated switch, which takes the complex between the mono‐oxidized and dicationic states reversibly.
Facile Metal‐Free Synthesis of Phenanthridines by SN2′ Reaction/C–H Functionalization/Aromatization through the Reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Acetates with Nitroalkanes
Authors: Gupta Tanu , Singh Jay Bahadur , Mishra Kalpana , Maiti Biswajit , Singh Radhey M.
Published: March 2018

A simple, highly efficient, and regioselective synthesis of functionalized phenanthridines by the reaction of MBH acetates of 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehydes with nitroalkanes is described. The reaction involves an SN2′ reaction/C–H functionalization/aromatization process. The method is simple and proceeds under mild conditions under an air atomosphere to give phenanthridines in good to excellent yields.
Direct α‐C–H Trifluoromethylselenolation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Ghiazza Clément , Tlili Anis , Billard Thierry
Published: March 2018

Trifluoromethylselenolated compounds represent an emerging family of products with specific properties. Herein, easy access to α‐trifluoromethylselenyl carbonyl compounds under mild conditions is described, without pre‐functionalization. The method has been extended to elaborated molecules also with good yields. Furthermore, this strategy can be easily extrapolated to other fluoroalkylseleno moieties.
Carbazomycin G: Method Development and Total Synthesis
Authors: Elumalai Vijayaragavan , Gambarotti Cristian , Bjørsvik Hans‐René
Published: March 2018

A novel total synthesis leading to the carbazole alkaloid carbazomycin G was designed and developed. The outlined synthetic route is composed of twelve synthetic steps including the transformations of the initial simple substrate and intermediates. To realize the designed synthesis, in total six new synthetic methods were developed and implemented to provide the target molecule in an overall yield of 8.3 %.
Purification of bacterial inulinase in aqueous two‐phase systems
Authors: Temkov Mishela , Strinska Hristina , Dobrev Georgi , Velickova Elena , Muresan Vlad , Krastanov Albert
Published: March 2018

In this study, extracellular inulinase from Bacillus sp. 11/3 was partially purified and concentrated using aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS). Two different phase forming salts and four types of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used. Binodal curves and tie‐length lines (TLLs) for eight ATPS were developed. For inulinase purification, concentrations of PEG and salt according to binodal curves (between 17 and 26%) were chosen. All ATPSs for inulinase purification were characterized. An ATPS consisted of 26% PEG1000 and 26% MgSO4 was found to be the most suitable for inulinase purification. This ATPS has 28.47% TLL, 1.03 of volume ratio, purification factor of 4.65 fold and recovery yield of 66.17%. On the SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis two protein bands with molecular weight of around 24 and 56 kDa were observed. The partially purified enzymes had optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 6.5, optimal temperature at 30 and 70°C and kinetic parameters Km = 26.32 mmol and Vmax = 526 mmol/min.
Synergistic effect of carbon and phosphorus flame retardants in rigid polyurethane foams
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Yu , Huang Zong‐Hou , Xi Xiu‐Qi , Li Jia , Fan Xin‐Yu , Wang Zhan
Published: March 2018

Two kinds of carbon and phosphorus synergistic system used to improve the flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) were studied. One is the synergistic effect of expandable graphite and guanidinium phosphate; the other is red phosphorus and guanidinium phosphate. The flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of these composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index, cone calorimeter test, as well as tension and compression test. These 2 groups of mixed inorganic flame retardants can greatly improve the flame retardancy of RPUF composites, as the limiting oxygen index increases from 20.1% to about 33% and the HRR reduces from 395 kW/m2 to below 200 kW/m2. It provides a convenient and inexpensive way to obtain RPUF with demanding properties.
Practical management of ibrutinib in the real life: Focus on atrial fibrillation and bleeding
Authors: Boriani Giuseppe , Corradini Paolo , Cuneo Antonio , Falanga Anna , Foà Robin , Gaidano Gianluca , Ghia Paolo Prospero , Martelli Maurizio , Marasca Roberto , Massaia Massimo , Mauro Francesca Romana , Minotti Giorgio , Molica Stefano , Montillo Marco , Pinto Antonio , Tedeschi Alessandra , Vitolo Umberto , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: March 2018

The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (IB) has attained an important role in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenström macroglobulinemia, significantly improving clinical outcomes. However, IB therapy has been associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and bleeding. We report on the expert opinion that a group of Italian haematologists, cardiologists, and pharmacologists jointly released to improve the practical management of patients at risk for AF and bleeding during treatment with IB. A proper pretreatment assessment to identify patients who are at a higher risk, careful choice of concomitant drugs, regular monitoring, and multispecialist approach were characterized as the main principles of clinical management of these patients. For patients developing AF, anticoagulant and antiarrhythmic therapy must be guided by considerations about efficacy, safety, and risk of pharmacokinetic interactions with IB. For patients experiencing bleeding or requiring procedures that increase the risk of bleeding, considerations about platelet turnover, IB‐related platelet dysfunctions, and bleeding worsening by concomitant anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents provide clues to manage bleeding. Overall, AF and bleeding are manageable clinical events in patients receiving IB, not requiring drug interruption in most cases. Preexisting AF should not represent an absolute contraindication to IB therapy. For each patient candidate for IB, strategies of risk assessment and mitigation may allow to exploit the life‐saving effects of in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma.
Phase Transitions and Pattern Formation in Chemo‐Responsive Gels and Composites
Authors: Xiong Yao , Dayal Pratyush , Balazs Anna C. , Kuksenok Olga
Published: March 2018

Design of multifunctional materials often requires the chemical functionalization enabling the material to respond to a variety of stimuli. Herein, we focus on modeling of functionalized chemo‐responsive gels and composites; functionalization alters the volume phase transitions allowing system to undergo structural reconfiguration. For instance, we consider the volume phase transitions in photo‐sensitive hydrogels functionalized with two different types of chromophores that either alter the hydrophobicity of the illuminated sample or cause these samples to heat up. We then focus on gels that are driven by the oscillatory Belousov‐Zhabotinsky reaction and show that chemically mediated interactions among these gels drive them to self‐aggregate in a well‐defined manner. Finally, we focus on the self‐oscillating composite that does not contain oscillatory chemically reactions. In all these examples, effective control over the volume phase transitions is achieved through the combination of chemical functionalization and external stimuli, extending the potential utility of the host materials.
Bilateral sensory disturbance after cortical spreading depression revealed by fluorescence imaging of voltage‐sensitive dye
Authors: Huang Qin , Liu Rui , Gui Shen , Lu Jinling , Li Pengcheng
Published: March 2018

Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a propagation wave of transient neuronal and glial depolarization followed by suppression of spontaneous brain activity, has been hypothesized to be the underlying mechanism of migraine aura and triggers the headache attack. Evidence from various animal models accumulates since its first discovery in 1944 and provides support for this hypothesis. In this paper, alterations of bilateral cortical responses are investigated in a mice migrainous model of CSD using voltage‐sensitive dye imaging under hindlimb and cortical stimulation. After CSD induction in the right hemisphere, bilateral sensory responses evoked by left hindlimb stimulation dramatically decreases, whereas right hindlimb stimulation can still activate bilateral responses with an increased response of the left hemisphere and a well‐preserved response of the right hemisphere. In addition, cortical neural excitability remains after CSD assessed by direct activation of the right hemisphere in spite of the sensory deficit under contralateral hindlimb stimulation. These results depict the sensory disturbance of bilateral hemispheres after CSD, which may be helpful in understanding how sensory disturbance occur during migraine aura.
Application of high‐resolution array platform for genome‐wide copy number variation analysis in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate
Authors: da Silva Heglayne Pereira Vital , Oliveira Gustavo Henrique de Medeiros , Ururahy Marcela Abbott Galvão , Bezerra João Felipe , de Souza Karla Simone Costa , Bortolin Raul Hernandes , Luchessi André Ducati , Silbiger Vivian Nogueira , Lima Valéria Morgiana Gualberto Duarte Moreira , Leite Gisele Correia Pacheco , Brito Maria Edinilma Felinto , Ribeiro Erlane Marques , Gil‐da‐Silva‐Lopes Vera Lúcia , de Rezende Adriana Augusto
Published: March 2018

Background

Although more than 14 loci may be involved in the development of nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP), the etiology has not been fully elucidated due to genetic and environmental risk factor interactions. Despite advances in identifying genes associated with the NSCLP development using traditional genetic mapping strategies of candidate genes, genome‐wide studies, and epidemiologic and linkage analysis, microarray techniques have become important complementary tools in the search for potential causative oral clefts genes in genetic studies. Microarray hybridization enables scanning of the whole genome and detecting copy number variants (CNVs). Although common benign CNVs are often smaller, with sizes smaller than 20 kb, here we reveal small exonic CNVs based on the importance of the encompassed genes in cleft lip and palate phenotype.

Methods

Microarray hybridization analysis was performed in 15 individuals with NSCLP.

Results

We identified 11 exonic CNVs affecting at least one exon of the candidate genes. Thirteen candidate genes (COL11A1–1p21; IRF6–1q32.3; MSX1–4p16.2; TERT–5p15.33; MIR4457–5p15.33; CLPTM1L–5p15.33; ESR1–6q25.1; GLI3–7p13; FGFR–8p11.23; TBX1–22q11.21; OFD–Xp22; PHF8–Xp11.22; and FLNA–Xq28) overlapped with the CNVs identified.

Conclusions

Considering the importance to NSCLP, the microdeletions that encompass MSX1, microduplications over TERT, MIR4457, CLPTM1L, and microduplication of PHF8 have been identified as small CNVs related to sequence variants associated with oral clefts susceptibility. Our findings represent a preliminary study on the clinical significance of small CNVs and their relationship with genes implicated in NSCLP.
Study on the molecular recognition action of lamivudine by human serum albumin
Authors: Zhang Hua‐xin , Zhou Dan , Xia Qing‐hua
Published: March 2018

In this work, the interaction of an anti‐HIV drug lamivudine and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by multispectroscopic and molecular modeling methods. The fluorescence emission spectra showed that the fluorescence of HSA was quenched by lamivudine through static mechanism with HSA‐lamivudine complex produced at ground state. According to the binding equilibriums observed at 4 different temperatures, the number of binding site, binding constant, enthalpy change, entropy change, and Gibbs free energy change of the interaction were calculated. The results indicated that there was only 1 main binding site under present concentration condition, and then, the location of this binding site was ascertained by molecular probe experiments using warfarin and ibuprofen as site markers. The interaction was a spontaneous and exothermic process. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force were the major power that fixed lamivudine on Sudlow's site I in subdomain IIA of HSA molecule. The distance between donor and acceptor was determined by Förster's nonradiative fluorescence resonance energy transfer theory. Circular dichroism spectra exhibited the alteration of HSA's secondary structures. Molecular modeling investigation revealed the structure of HSA‐lamivudine complex, including the conformation of lamivudine in binding site, the amino residues close to lamivudine, and the interaction forces between receptor and ligand. The study may be beneficial to therapists in understanding the distribution of lamivudine in vivo and explaining its drug‐resistant mechanism in clinical diagnosis.
Quantitative analysis of hepatic iron in patients suspected of coexisting iron overload and steatosis using multi‐echo single‐voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Comparison with fat‐saturated multi‐echo gradient echo sequence
Authors: Lin Huimin , Fu Caixia , Kannengiesser Stephan , Cheng Shu , Shen Jun , Dong Haipeng , Yan Fuhua
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

The coexistence of hepatic iron and fat is common in patients with hyperferritinemia, which plays an interactive and aggressive role in the progression of diseases (fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinomas).

PURPOSE

To evaluate a modified high‐speed T2‐corrected multi‐echo, single voxel spectroscopy sequence (HISTOV) for liver iron concentration (LIC) quantification in patients with hyperferritinemia, with simultaneous fat fraction (FF) estimation.

STUDY TYPE

Retrospective cohort study.

POPULATION

Thirty‐eight patients with hyperferritinemia were enrolled.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE

HISTOV, a fat‐saturated multi‐echo gradient echo (GRE) sequence, and a spin echo sequence (FerriScan) were performed at 1.5T.

ASSESSMENT

R2 of the water signal and FF were calculated with HISTOV, and
values were derived from the GRE sequence, with R2 and LIC from FerriScan serving as the references.

STATISTICAL TESTS

Linear regression, correlation analyses, receiver operating characteristic analyses, and Bland‐Altman analyses were conducted.

RESULTS

Abnormal hepatic iron load was detected in 32/38 patients, of whom 10/32 had coexisting steatosis. Strong correlation was found between
and FerriScan‐LIC (R2 = 0.861), and between HISTOV‐R2_water and FerriScan‐R2 (R2 = 0.889). Furthermore, HISTOV‐R2_water was not correlated with HISTOV‐FF. The area under the curve (AUC) for HISTOV‐R2_water was 0.974, 0.971, and 1, corresponding to clinical FerriScan‐LIC thresholds of 1.8, 3.2, and 7.0 mg/g dw, respectively. No significant difference in the AUC was found between HISTOV‐R2_water and
at any of the LIC thresholds, with P‐values of 0.42, 0.37, and 1, respectively. HISTOV‐LIC showed excellent agreement with FerriScan‐LIC, with a mean bias of 0.00 ± 1.18 mg/g dw, whereas the mean bias between GRE‐LIC and FerriScan‐LIC was 0.53 ± 1.49 mg/g dw.

DATA CONCLUSION

HISTOV is useful for the quantification and grading of liver iron overload in patients with hyperferritinemia, particularly in cases with coexisting steatosis. HISTOV‐LIC showed no systematic bias compared with FerriScan‐LIC, making it a promising alternative for iron quantification.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
Clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac tumors
Authors: Jayaprakash Shenthar
Published: March 2018

Cardiac tumors are a rare cause of arrhythmias in clinical practice. They can cause a broad spectrum of arrhythmias, from low‐grade ectopics to incessant ventricular tachycardias, including sudden cardiac arrest. Both primary and secondary cardiac tumors can produce arrhythmias, but not all tumors cause arrhythmias. Although cardiac tumors can cause arrhythmias in fetuses and older adults alike, only specific cardiac tumors are the underlying cause of arrhythmia in different age groups. This article reviews various cardiac tumors that are associated with arrhythmias, their clinical presentations, diagnostic features, and management.
Is being a leader a mixed blessing? A dual‐pathway model linking leadership role occupancy to well‐being
Authors: Li Wen‐Dong , Schaubroeck John M. , Xie Jia Lin , Keller Anita C.
Published: March 2018

Recent leadership research has drawn greater attention to how the well‐being of leaders influences leadership behaviors, follower performance and well‐being, and overall leadership effectiveness. Yet little attention has been paid to the relationship between occupying leadership positions and job incumbents' well‐being. This research addresses this question by developing and testing a dual‐pathway model. Our model proposes that incumbency in leadership positions is positively related to high levels of both job demands and job control, whereas job demands and job control have offsetting effects on well‐being. Results based on a longitudinal sample revealed that employees who transitioned from nonleadership positions to leadership roles showed trajectories of increasing job demands and job control, whereas such trends were weaker among those who remained in nonleadership positions. Findings from three additional samples generally demonstrated that leadership role occupancy was indirectly related to various indices of psychological and physiological well‐being through job demands and job control. Because the signs of the indirect effects through job demands and job control differed in expected ways, the overall relationship between leadership role occupancy and the well‐being outcomes was generally small and nonsignificant. We discuss research and practical implications of our framework and findings for organizations, employees, and leaders.
Historical SAM index time series: linear and nonlinear analysis
Authors: Barrucand Mariana G. , Zitto Miguel E. , Piotrkowski Rosa , Canziani Pablo , O'Neill Alan
Published: March 2018

A statistical analysis of 100‐year historic Southern Annular Mode (SAM) time series is carried out, for a set of indices calculated by different methods, in view to understanding their value as simple indicators of climate variability and of the physical processes involved, particularly for the early part of the 20th century. Historic SAM time series available in the literature are analysed together with ones calculated using the 20th‐century reanalysis. A preliminary analysis and comparison is carried out using standard time and space correlations. Distinct differences are observed in the linear relations between the SAM index time series before and after 1950s. A detailed study is carried out using wavelet transform (WT) analysis, in order to better determine the spectral nature and non‐stationarity of the timeseries. The WT spectra reveal an aperiodic, non‐stationary evolution in all cases, with differences in the spectral signature of the various SAM indices during the 20th century. Preferred oscillation periods mainly appear between 2 and 20 years. Important differences between the SAM indices arise from different behaviour on the interannual time scale even in more recent years, as well as non‐stationarity and phase differences on longer time scales. A wavelet coherency (WTC) analysis between the 20th‐century‐reanalysis‐derived SAM time series shows that differences may also arise for indices calculated from the same data source, particularly during the earlier part of the sample. WTC differences appear at times of perturbed El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Results using linear as well as a mutual information analysis suggest links between SAM, ENSO, and Pacific‐South American patterns of variability, which may depend on the SAM time series definition. Such behaviour could be due to a combination of factors including the geographic coverage of the SAM calculation methods and data quality, as well as ENSO‐SAM relationships.
Climatology of snow phenology over the Tibetan plateau for the period 2001–2014 using multisource data
Authors: Chen Xiaona , Long Di , Hong Yang , Hao Xiaohua , Hou Aizhong
Published: March 2018

Seasonal snow cover over the Tibetan plateau (TP) has unique features in terms of global snow cover distribution because of the high mountains and vital surface water storage functions in non‐humid regions of Southwest China and surrounding Asian countries. Limited by the complex topography and relatively low spatial resolution of satellite observations, the characteristics of snow phenology and the factors for snow phenology changes remain still unclear. Using multisource data for the period 2001–2014, this study quantifies the climatology of snow phenology and explores its attribution factors. The results show that the snow onset date (Do) and snow end date (De) were 4.9 (±7.7) and 108.1 (±5.9) in day of year (DOY), respectively, and the snow duration days (Dd) were 103.2 (±13.4) over the TP during the study period. The characteristics of satellite observedDdwas similar to subzero temperature days derived from ground observations. The 14‐year anomalies in snow phenology features regional disparity over the TP, with increasedDdin the central TP and shortenedDdin the Tarim River, endorheic drainage basins, and upper reaches of the Brahmaputra River. In contrast to previous findings in northern mid‐latitudes, changes inDdover the TP during 2001–2014 were mainly induced by anomalies inDo, which can be further attributed to the declines in accumulation season temperature over the TP.
An extreme climate transition in the Caribbean's Virgin Islands. I. Evidence of teleconnection with the 1976/1977 Pacific climate shift
Authors: Orange N. Brice , Chesny David L. , Primack Avram G. , Gendre Bruce , Maina Sandra N. , Giblin Timothy W. , Morris David C.
Published: March 2018

We present the Caribbean's Virgin Islands’ climate variability over the last 60 years from indices of extreme temperature and precipitation, as well as their quantitative support for a recent climatic shift (1983.2 ± 5.5 years). The region's climate indices (defined via time series averages) and trends (defined via linear least squares regression fitting) of extreme temperature and precipitation were cross‐examined from 1952, 1961, 1978, and 1983–2014 to diagnose: the area's climatic extremes; a climatic transition's role in assessing decadal climate anomaly rates; and to provide an analytically independent test of the transition's existence. Analyses relied on the use of varying physical constraints to include weighting from statistical and non‐statistical uncertainties in our climatic outcomes. We report that diurnal warming and enhanced precipitation accompanied each interval, however, non‐negligible deviations existed in comparisons between the same anomalies in any 2 intervals. Our Virgin Islands’ long (1952, 1961–2014) versus short (1978, 1983–2014) climate variation comparisons provide evidence for the manifestation of decadal (or longer) shifts, and thus, biases, in recent Caribbean reports. Our climatic transition's overlap with the renowned 1976/1977 Pacific event insinuates a local Caribbean teleconnection, and contributes to the evidence growing globally for 1980s’ shifts in an abundance of feedback measures of Earth's energy budget.
CK7/CK19 index: A potential prognostic factor for postoperative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients
Authors: Liu Long‐Zi , Yang Liu‐Xiao , Zheng Bo‐Hao , Dong Ping‐Ping , Liu Xin‐Yang , Wang Zhi‐Chao , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Wang Xiao‐Ying , Gao Qiang
Published: March 2018

Background and Objectives

Frequently aberrant expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) have been observed in several human cancers. In this retrospective study, we aimed at investigating the prognostic significance of CK7 and CK19 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess CK7 and CK19 expression on tissue microarrays in training cohort enrolling 214 ICC patients and validation cohort comprising 108 ICC patients. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, Cox's proportional hazards regression, and nomogram were applied to evaluate the prognostic significance of both CKs.

Results

Both CK7 and CK19 expression were significantly up‐regulated in ICC compared to their non‐tumor counterparts, and positively correlated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, like lymph node metastasis and larger tumor size. Furthermore, high expression of either CK7 or CK19 predicted a significantly dismal postoperative survival. Integrated analysis of CK7 and CK19 expression was identified as a better indicator for survival probability. Notably, the nomogram integrating CK7/CK19 index had a perfect prognostic performance as compared with current staging systems. The results were further confirmed in the validation cohort.

Conclusions

CK7/CK19 index was an independent adverse prognostic factor for ICC patients’ survival, and may be helpful to improve postoperative risk stratification and individualized treatment strategies.
Free vascularized fibula grafting in the operative treatment of malignant bone tumors of the upper extremity: A systematic review of outcomes and complications
Authors: Landau Mark J. , Badash Ido , Yin Christine , Alluri Ram K. , Patel Ketan M.
Published: March 2018

Background and Objectives

Vascularized bone grafting after tumor resection can be an important component in the treatment of bony neoplasms of the upper extremity. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes of free vascularized fibula grafting (FVFG) in the treatment of upper extremity sarcomas.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature of FVFG used in the treatment of upper extremity sarcomas was performed.

Results

A total of 56 studies were included in final analysis. The most common diagnosis was osteosarcoma (35.1%) and the most common recipient site was the humerus (57.3%). FVFG had a median union rate of 93.3%, with the median time to union being 5.0 months. The most common complications were fracture (11.7%), nerve injury (7.5%), infection (5.7%), and hammer toe deformity (3.3%). The reoperation rate was 34.5%. The most commonly reported standardized assessment of clinical outcomes following treatment was the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score, which had a median of 80% postoperatively.

Conclusions

FVFG in the treatment of malignant bony neoplasms of the upper extremity has a high rate of union and good overall outcomes; however, postoperative complication rates are high. A greater degree of standardization is needed in the reporting of patient‐centered outcomes to facilitate future comparative studies.