bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Light Influence on the Walnuts Oil Quality
Authors: Sandulachi Elisavetra , Bulgaru Viorica , Tatarov Pavel
Published: June 2019

This paper represents a statistical processing of experimental studies on the influence of light on the quality of nut oil (Juglans regia L). The conformity of nut oil Calaras and Kogalniceanu, harvested in 2013 and 2015, was analyzed in the Republic of Moldova. The objective of this study was to determine effect of storage conditions (stored at light and dark) on the stability of walnut oil during storage by measuring the Peroxide Values (PV), Acid values (AV), Kinetic Study of Lypid Peroxidation A (PV), Reichert Meissl Number, Polenske Number, Specific Gravity and Refractive Index. The nut oil was obtained by cold pressing in the Department of Food Technology, TUM scientific laboratory, the storage time of nut oil samples in the dark and the light was 6 months, tempering 20-22ºC. The monitoring of the physicochemical indicators was carried out for 2 years in the Institutional project no. 11.817.04.40 Elaboration of methods for the walnut lipids protection (Juglans regia L.) of oxidative degradation, 2012-2014 and project no. 15.817.02.30A Methodological and technical elaboration for the modernization of the walnut processing technology (Juglans regia L.) with the use of biologically active components in functional food «NUCALIM-PROBIO» 2015-2018. It has been established that light is a determining factor in the quality of walnut oil at storage.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) - Aquaculture Convergence: An Experience from Tripura, India
Authors: Yemin Toko , Sarkar A. , Pal P. , Biswas P. , Singh Y. J.
Published: June 2019

Being purposed at understanding the utilization efficiency of excavated and/or reclaimed ponds as newly created assets under the MGNREGS, the present study was conducted at Dhalai district of Tripura state (India) with the objectives to: i) comprehend the physical performance of pond excavation and reclamation works under MGNREGS; and ii) peruse the nature of harnessing of the created assets at beneficiary level during post work execution phase of the scheme. While the first objective was addressed through utilizing secondary information, the second one was attained through administering separate sets of pre-tested structured interview schedule over 92 MGNREGS beneficiaries and 27 functionaries remained responsible for effective implementation of the scheme. Study revealed that the district had executed 16717 no. of works combining both pond excavation and reclamation jobs during 2012-13 to 2016-17, of which the shares of pond excavation and reclamation works were 81.77% and 18.23%, respectively. Despite such good physical performance in work execution, very poor accrual of average annual fish productivity (414.25 kg ha-1) was recorded at the fish ponds of beneficiaries. It lagged by 5.98 times from the state average and 5.74 times from the average of even Dhalai district, where the study was conducted. Although 66.30% of the beneficiaries of MGNREGS had no previous experience of culture fisheries as they became first ever owners of pond, a staggering 67.39% of them didn’t receive any knowledge vis-a-vis skill enabling training on scientific aquaculture, which led to disappointing extents of their knowledge (34.75%) and adoption (32.85%) of scientific aquaculture. Garrett ranking revealed ‘lack of systematic and timely supply of critical inputs from the Fisheries Department’ and ‘lack of training facilities’ to be the two prime perceived constraints of the beneficiary respondents. The two most important suggestions emanated from them were: ‘timely provisioning of critical inputs from the Dept. of Fisheries’ and ‘arranging of more longer duration hands-on training programmes to make those really worthy for the fish farmers’.
Opportunities and Challenges for the Development of Sustainable Tourism Attraction at Batu Kapal Beach, Central Maluku Lilibooi Village
Authors: Wiweka Kadek , Indrajaya Titus , Wachyuni Suci Sandi , Adnyana Putu Pramania , Hanorsian Anastasia Enike
Published: June 2019

Ambon Island is famous for its natural resources, especially in the Central Maluku Regency such as Hunimua Beach in Liang Village and Natsepa Beach in Suli Village which is famous for its white sand along the coast. Unlike the two beaches, there is a beach in the western part of Ambon Island, precisely in the village of Lilibooi, namely Batu Kapal Beach or Batu Lobang. This beach has the potential to be developed as a tourist attraction. But besides its huge potential, this place still has several obstacles or challenges as a tourist destination. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying opportunities and challenges for developing the tourist attraction of Batu Kapal Beach. This study adopts a descriptive qualitative research method by observing tourism potential and supporting elements of tourism products at Batu Kapal Beach. In addition, the researchers also conducted interviews with the management of Batu Kapal Beach, the local community and the Lilibooi Village Chief regarding their views on the existence of Batu Kapal Beach attractions. Distribution of questionnaires to tourists was also carried out by involving 100 respondents who were randomly selected. The data collected is then processed and analyzed using the SWOT method. The results of this study are that based on calculations from the EFAS and IFAS Matrix, Batu Kapal Beach is in the quadrant point of 0.18 and 0.65 to be precisely in the quadrant I position, which is an aggressive strategy. Where the Batu Kapal Beach can utilize strengths and opportunities to progress, grow and develop in a better direction. Such as cooperating with the government and involving local communities to assist in the process of managing and developing Batu Kapal Beach.
Role of LncRNA MALAT-1 on Induced Submandibular Gland Carcinoma in Albino Rats Treated with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (Histological and Immunhistochemical Study)
Authors: Faruk Eman Mohamed , El-Salam Sherifa Abd , Sabry Dina , Medhat Engy , El-Din Yasmine Alaa
Published: June 2019

Salivary gland tumors show complex histopathology and the treatment depends mainly on the stage of cancer. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) have a great role in regenerative medicine as they can generate pluripotent stem cells from any available cell types as fibroblast. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the possible therapeutic effect of (iPS) on induced salivary gland cancer through evaluation of the silent information regulators of sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), Tgf-β genes and their protein expressions in addition to LncRNA MALAT-1 expression. Thirty male albino rats were employed and divided into three groups (ten rats for each group), group 1 (control): Rats were injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), group II induced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): rats were injected with squamous carcinoma cells (SCC), group III (induced SCC/iPS): SCC treated rats treated with 5 × 106 iPS cells. Submandibular specimens were taken and prepared for histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies for Bax and TGF-β3 protein. Also, Real time PCR was performed for Sirt-1, Tgf-β, and MALAT-1 LncRNA genes expression. SIRT-1 and TGF-β protein level expression was assessed by western blot technique. Group III (iPS treated group) revealed more or less normal acinar structure with normal rearrangement of acini and normal intralobular ducts with an increase in their number. In the iPS treated group there was increasing in the amount of mucopoly saccharide in the acinar cells and intensity of BAX immunostaining while, TGF-β3 was decreased in its   intensity in comparison to that of the cancer treated group.  In addition to Sirt-1, Tgf-β, and MALAT-1 LncRNA expressions were increased in cancer group compared to iPS treated and control groups. Induced pluripotent stem cells play a potential therapeutic role in treatment of induced submandibular gland carcinoma.
Time Series Modelling of Monthly Temperature and Reference Evapotranspiration for Navsari (Gujarat), India
Authors: Dwivedi D. K. , Shrivastava P. K.
Published: June 2019

Time series modelling has been proved its usefulness in various fields including meteorology, hydrology and agriculture. It utilizes past data and extracts useful information from them to build up a model which could simulate various processes. The prior knowledge of evapotranspiration could help in estimating the amount of water required by the crops that is useful for optimizing design of irrigation systems. In this study, the time series modelling of monthly temperature and reference evapotranspiration has been carried out utilizing past data of 35 years (1983-2017) to assist decision makers related to agriculture and meteorology. 30 years (1983-2012) of temperature and evapotranspiration data were used for training and remaining 5 years of data (2013-2017) were used for validation. The monthly evapotranspiration was estimated using Penman-Monteith FAO-56 method. Mann-Kendall test was used at 5% significant level for identifying trend component in mean temperature. The time series of temperature and evapotranspiration was made stationary for modelling the stochastic components using ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model. In order to check the normality of residuals, the Portmantaeu test was applied. The time series models for temperature and evapotranspiration which were validated for 5 years (2013-2017) and further deployed for forecasting of 5 years (2018-2022). It was found that for modelling temperature and reference evapotranspiration for Navsari, seasonal ARIMA (1,0,0)(0,1,1)12 and seasonal ARIMA (1,0,1)(1,1,2)12 were found to be appropriate models respectively. Mann Kendall test used for trend detection in monthly mean temperature revealed that October and November months had significant positive trend. Negative trend was observed only in the month of June.
Determination of Descriptors Which Influence the Toxicity of Organochlorine Compounds Using Qsar Method
Authors: Pierre Massapihanhoro Ouattara , Kafoumba Bamba , Kouakou N’guessan Nobel , Nahossé Ziao
Published: June 2019

Organochlorine Pesticides (OCP) are organic compounds obtained by the chlorination of various unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are very toxic and therefore belong to the family of persistent organic pollutants. If formerly these pesticides were used to fight against certain vectors of diseases and thus improve the productivity of the host, today they are considered as "enemy" of the environment. To understand the origin of the toxicity of organochlorine compounds, we used 73 molecules (test set: 50 and validation: 23) containing at least one chlorine atom and for which the toxicity (LogLC50) against Poecilia reticulata is known to establish QSAR models. Firstly, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the best descriptors. Then, the different models were established using the method of multiple linear regression (MLR). Models established with quantum and physicochemical descriptors only showed satisfactory results. But the best model was determined with the combination of both quantum and physicochemical descriptors. The criteria of this model are as follows:

R2 = 0.939 ; R2ajusted = 0.932 ; Pvalue < 0.0001; α = 0.05

R2CV = 0.935 ; R2 - R2CV = 0.004 ; MCE = 0.073; F = 134.701

These criteria show that the toxicity of organochlorine compounds is well described by the combination of quantum and physicochemical descriptors namely lipophilia (LogP), polarizability (pol), entropy (S), zero-point energy (ZPE) and the number of chlorine atoms (NCl).
Changes in Plasma Haemoglobin Concentration in Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine-1(CPDA-1) Stored Blood
Authors: Eze Evelyn Mgbeoma , Christian Serekara Gideon , Jacob Ransom Baribefii , Jeremiah Zacchaeus Awortu , Chuku Iminabo Diada Walter
Published: June 2019

Aim: This study assessed the level of plasma haemoglobin concentration in CPDA-1 stored blood with a view to determine the extent of haemolysis during the 35 days storage period.

Study Design:  This is an observational and comparative case-control study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted using healthy male donors residing in Port Harcourt. Analysis was carried out at the Blood Bank of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, formerly Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria, from February 1st to March 8th, 2017.

Methodology: Blood for transfusion was collected from prospective male blood donor found to be in good health, aged between 18 and 52 years, with haemoglobin level within the range of 13.5 g/dl – 16 g/dl, body weight within 55 kg – 75 kg, and body temperature within 37.0 to 37.50C / 99.50F, into plastic bags containing anticoagulant CPDA-1, and handled under strict sterile condition to prevent bacterial contamination. The blood was stored in a blood bank refrigerator with a constant temperature of +2 to +60C under proper inspection at intervals for colour, turbidity, haemolysis and clot formation. Two milliliters of the sample was collected aseptically at different interval days of collection from the blood bag and analyzed using the HemoCue photometer.

Results: Results showed no significant changes in plasma haemoglogin from day 1, 5, and 10, while significant increase in haemolysis occurred from day 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 (p = 0.000), a significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma haemoglobin was observed from day 15 to day 35 of storage.

Conclusion: It is pertinent therefore to note that the use of CPDA-1 does not completely stop the changes that occur in RBC as there are several changes occurring in stored blood collectively called “storage lesions”. Therefore, it is advisable that blood should be transfused within 14 days of storage to avoid transfusion of blood products that has lost most of its benefits to recipients, and where possible whole blood should be processed and components separated before storage to reduce the level of non-viable red blood cells.
A Mini Review of Gastrointestinal Pathology and Nutrition in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mahajan Pradeep V. , Salvi Prachi S. , Mahajan Siddhant , Subramanian Swetha
Published: June 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex, heterogenous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that result due to interaction of genes and environmental factors. ASD is associated with behavioural alterations and deficits in social communication. Current research on pathophysiology has proposed a link between severity of symptoms of ASD and gastrointestinal disturbances. Intestinal inflammation, dysregulation of gut microbiome may affect intestinal permeability, mucosal immune function and subsequently cause GI symptoms. Studies have also proposed the role of metabolic activity of the gut microbiome and dietary components (food allergens/toxins) to be associated with behavioral alterations in neurodevelopmental conditions including ASD. The present review aims to highlight the potential role of nutrients and dietary changes on gastrointestinal pathology and symptoms of ASD.
Analysis of Optic Disc and Vertical Cup Disc Ratio among Glaucoma Suspects in a Black Population
Authors: Nwokocha C. G. , Ejimadu C. S.
Published: June 2019

Aim: To analyze the optic discs and vertical cup disc ratio in a black population.

Method: This is a retrospective study of glaucoma suspects who presented to the clinic.                                                                                                                                                             Medical history was recorded and comprehensive ocular examination done on each of the subjects. Ocular examination included visual acuity, visual field, tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Instruments used during the research were Pen torch for examination of the external structures of the eyes, Keeler ophthalmoscopes for fundus examination, Snellen’s charts both literate and illiterate charts for visual acuity assessment, Reichert AT 555 Auto non-contact tonometer for measurementof the intra-ocular pressure.

The optic discs were analyzed using Optical Coherence Tomography machine. Data was analyzed using the statistical package EPI info version 6.04d, a software package designed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA in 2001.

Results: This study included total of 240 optic discs of 120 participants comprising 60 males and 60 females were examined with a mean age of 42.8±13.79; the age range was 19 to 75 years.                                                                                             Very Small discs (<1.0mm) 3 accounted for1.3%, Small discs (1.0-1.3mm) 4 accounted for 1.7%, Medium (1.4-1.7mm) 67 accounted for 27.9%, Large (1.8-2.0mm) 58 accounted for 24.2% while Very Large (>2.0mm) 108 accounted for 45.0% in this study.

VCDR was noticed to have increased with increasing disc diameter. Optic disc diameter increased with increasing RNFL thickness as well (p < 0.05; r = 0.18).

All the very small as well as the small discs were cupped 3% (n = 7/240), 14.6% (n = 35/240) of the medium to very large are also cupped while the remaining 82.5% ( n = 198/240) are normal.

Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between disc diameter and VCDR. There was also a weak positive correlation between the optic disc diameter and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of the subjects, such a correlation may be the result of either an increased number of nerve fibers in eyes with larger discs or a smaller distance between the circular scan and the true optic disc margin.
Phytonematodes in Integrated Crop-livestock Systems of Tropical Regions
Authors: Avelino Anne Caroline Dallabrida , Aparecida de Faria Dayana , Dias de Oliveira Lucas , Terzi Bruno Giuseppe , Contreras Filho Alexandre Secco , Afonso Matheus Farinha , Simon Rondon Onassis Henrique , Arieira Giovani Oliveira de , Gonçalves de Abreu Joadil , Peixoto Wender Mateus , Rossi Mariana
Published: June 2019

The integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) is a model of sustainable cultivation that allows the recovery of degraded pastures and the intensification in pasture and grain production. However, the presence of pathogens in the production fields has hampered the employment of these systems. In order to minimize or eradicate the phytonematodes in the production fields and the seeds used in CLIS, it is necessary to know the nematofauna. Based on this, this work aimed to perform a literature review describing the main forages and agricultural crops used in integrated crop-livestock systems in tropical regions, the major phytonematodes associated with these crops and their control measures. This work was based on a literature review from the Scielo, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, with data from 1999 to 2019. The initially used keywords were "tropical weeds"; "Agricultural crops"; and "ICLS" and their respective terms in the Portuguese language. From the initial results, we used the keywords "Brachiaria syn. Urochloa sp. "; "Phytonematodes"; "Millet"; "Maize"; "Panicum sp."; "Soy"; "Sorghum", and "ICLS" and their respective terms in the Portuguese language. Publications that did not meet the criteria of this study (analyzed by titles and abstract) were considered as exclusion criteria, as well as repeated works in the databases. Based on the literature, the cultivation of forages belonging to the genera Brachiaria syn. Urochloa sp. and Panicum sp., along with and soybean, maize, sorghum and millet are predominant in the ICL system of tropical regions. The phytonematodes Meloidogyne sp., Pratylenchus brachyurus, Heterodera glycines, Rotylenculus reniformis, Aphelenchoides sp., Ditylenchus sp. and Filenchus sp. cause greater severity of damage to the main cultures used in ICL. No control method can eradicate the phytonematodes. The most effective control for the studied phytonematodes is through integrated pest and disease management.
Reconsidering the Meaning of Knowledge Based on Experiences of Community‐Based Social Education Practice in Japan
Authors: Otaka Kendo
Published: June 2019

This article aims to build a frame of reference to reconsider the meaning of knowledge in line with collective value formation and to regain lost popular knowledge in comparison with paternalistic or scientific knowledge. Following a brief introduction of Japanese social education and a critical/creative review of Freire's concept of conscientization, a case study of a community‐based social enterprise and its learning practice in the area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake is explored. The focus of the analysis is to clarify the restructuring process of knowledge construction through collective and dialogical community actions.
Lifelong Learning for Aging People in Taiwan: Innovative Programs and Social Effects
Authors: Li Ai‐Tzu , Wei Hui‐Chuan
Published: June 2019

This article introduces Taiwan's innovative lifelong learning programs for middle‐aged and older adults, and discusses their social influence. The innovative active aging learning programs launched in 2008. The purpose of implementing active aging learning is to work at the grassroots level with the hope of providing increasingly comprehensive and diverse learning opportunities, enabling more people over 55 in Taiwan to become happy learners who forget age and build a dynamic aging society. It is a collaboration among central government, local government, and the university. After a decade of development and practice, active aging learning has successfully enabled seniors to participate in the learning process and achieved the goal of learning, changing, and empowerment. In this article, first, the issues and challenges of earlier elder education are reviewed, followed by the new national strategic plan, training for practitioners, and core‐curriculum development. Then, the three models and their implications are analyzed.
Revisiting the Role of Active Sites for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction through Precise Defect Adjusting
Authors: Zhuang Peiyuan , Sun Yangye , Dong Pei , Smith Will , Sun Zhengzong , Ge Yuancai , Pei Yu , Cao Ziyi , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Shen Jianfeng , Ye Mingxin
Published: June 2019

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have presented outstanding potential for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to replace traditional noble metal catalysts. Here, to achieve enhanced HER performance, specific areas of the few‐layer 1T'‐MoTe2 film are precisely controlled with a focused ion beam to create particular active sites. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the HER performance, although inconspicuous in pristine 1T'‐MoTe2 ultrathin films prepared through the chemical vapor deposition method, can be greatly enhanced after patterning and precisely controlled by the morphologies as well as the amounts of the defects, reaching a small onset potential and a record‐low Tafel slope of 44 mV per decade for few‐layer TMDs. Conductivity tests, visualized copper electrodeposition, and density functional theory calculations also confirm that the enhancement of HER performance comes from the exposed edges by patterning. In this pioneering work, not only is the catalysis mechanism of the edge active sites of 1T'‐MoTe2 unveiled, but also a universal route to study the properties of 2D materials is demonstrated.
Carbon Quantum Dot Assisted Adsorption of Graphene Oxide to the Oil–Water Interface for Copper Sensing Emulsions
Authors: Parks Huw C. W. , McCoy Thomas M. , Tabor Rico F.
Published: June 2019

A nanocomplex of graphene oxide (GO) and nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs) is utilized for effective stabilization of the toluene–water interface in high surface area oil‐in‐water emulsions to assist in detection and extraction of Cu(II) ions. CQDs are nitrogen‐doped to produce a positively charged material that readily adsorbs to GO through charge interactions, forming a surface‐active complex. N‐CQDs serve two key purposes: first, to screen the surface charge of GO and thereby lower the electrostatic barrier to adsorption at the toluene–water interface, and second to detect Cu(II) ions via fluorescence quenching. This combined system is far more effective in lowering the interfacial tension between toluene and water, and thus stabilizing toluene‐in‐water emulsions, than either component alone. The complex comprises cheap and easy to prepare materials, and overcomes the limitations of the individual components through synergistic effects. Additionally, the noncovalent nature and self‐assembly of this system allows for facile use and potential recovery of the materials, and therefore enables utilization in industrial applications such as solvent extraction for mineral processing.
Thermo‐Induced Free‐Radical Cleavage of Enaminone C=C Double Bond for α‐Acyloxyl Ketone Synthesis
Authors: Tian Lihong , Guo Yanhui , Wei Li , Wan Jie‐Ping , Sheng Shouri
Published: June 2019

The cleavage on the C=C double bonds of N,N‐dimethyl enaminones is initiated by a thermo‐induced free‐radical transformation, enabling the chemo‐selective synthesis of α‐acyloxyl ketones. The Mn(II)‐assisted single‐electron transfer (SET) from the free radical intermediate resulting from addition of the carboxyl radical to enaminone is the key process in modulating the expected reaction pathway.
Maternal influence on the development of nut‐cracking skills in the chimpanzees of the Taï forest, Côte d'Ivoire (Pan troglodytes verus)
Authors: Estienne Vittoria , Cohen Heather , Wittig Roman M. , Boesch Christophe
Published: June 2019

Chimpanzees’ (Pan troglodytes) nut‐cracking behavior represents one of the most complex forms of tool‐use known among nonhuman animals. Given the close phylogenetic relationship between these apes and humans, investigating how such complex behavior develops in immatures can reveal the evolutionary roots of the cognitive processes that enabled the evolution of outstanding technological skills in our lineage. In this study, we investigated whether maternal behavior directly enhanced nut‐cracking skills in immature individuals. We analyzed the behavior of 11 immatures and their mothers (N = 8) during nut‐cracking activity, spanning over three consecutive nut‐cracking seasons in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. We used generalized linear mixed models to (a) obtain values of maternal scaffolding (defined as provision of learning opportunities) and active nut‐sharing behavior of each mother according to the age of their offspring, and their average nut‐cracking efficiency; (b) to test whether these variables enhanced immatures’ nut‐cracking skills; and (c) to test whether immatures’ features (age, sex, and begging behavior) influenced maternal behavior as observed in our videos. Although the predicted values of maternal scaffolding and active nut‐sharing did not obviously affect immatures’ skills, they were positively influenced by the average maternal efficiency and by sharing hammers with their mothers. In addition, our observations showed that mothers were more likely to share nuts with their sons than with their daughters, and the more their offspring begged. Concurrently, male immatures were also found to beg more often than females. Our results add evidence on the ontogenetic pathway leading to the full acquisition of nut‐cracking in wild chimpanzees and on the effect that maternal behavior can have in promoting the acquisition of this complex tool‐use behavior. Moreover, our study strengthens the importance of naturalistic observations to understand complex skill acquisition. Finally, we suggest future avenues for investigating the maternal influence on learning.
Subordination signals improve the quality of social relationships in Verreaux's Sifaka: Implications for the evolution of power structures and social complexity
Authors: Lewis Rebecca J.
Published: June 2019

Objectives

Unidirectional dominance‐related signals can be used to communicate submission (an immediate behavioral response) or subordination (the status of an established relationship). Subordination signals are defined as emitted during peaceful interactions and are hypothesized to be critical for the evolution of social complexity and robust power structures because they reduce uncertainty in social relationships. The chatter vocalization in Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) is a unidirectional submissive signal. I tested the hypothesis that chatter vocalizations can signal subordination and thereby reduce agonism in a dyad.

Materials and Methods

I examined 780 chatters from 18 dyads collected over 881 observation hours on four groups of sifaka in Kirindy Forest, Madagascar.

Results

Sifaka emitted 63% of chatters in the peaceful context. Peaceful chatters significantly predicted grooming rate, fighting rate, reconciliation, and proportion of wins in a dyad but did not predict time in proximity. Dyad‐type significantly predicted the frequency of peaceful chatters, with intrasexual dyads exhibiting chatters in peaceful contexts more often than intersexual dyads.

Discussion

Sifaka communicate both submission and subordination with chatter vocalizations. Subordination signaling increased tolerance and affiliation. It reduced conflicts and the probability dominant individuals usurped resources. Moreover, intrasexual power may be more institutionalized than intersexual power in sifaka. The finding of complex and cognitively demanding social communication in a lemur with low levels of cooperation (1) challenges previous assumptions that the evolution of social complexity is dependent on frequent triadic interactions and high levels of cooperation, and (2) highlights the need for taxonomic diversity in studies of social complexity.
Formation of a Pillar[5]arene‐Based Two‐Dimensional Poly‐Pseudo‐Rotaxane: Threading and Crosslinking by the Same Guest Molecules
Authors: Lee Eunji , Park In‐Hyeok , Ju Huiyeong , Kim Seulgi , Jung Jong Hwa , Habata Yoichi , Lee Shim Sung
Published: June 2019

A one‐pot reaction of the A1/A2‐thiopyridyl pillar[5]arene L with silver(I) trifluoroacetate in the presence of the linear dinitrile guest C8, [CN(CH2)nCN, n=8], afforded the first example of a two‐dimensional (2D) poly‐pseudo‐rotaxane {[(μ4‐Ag)2(C8@L)2(μ‐C8)](CF3CO2)2}n. Surprisingly, in this structure the C8 guest not only threads into the pillar[5]arene unit but also crosslinks the 1D coordinative polymeric arrays. The formation of the 2D poly‐pseudo‐rotaxane is driven by an adaptive rearrangement of the components that minimizes the steric clashes not only between the threaded guests but also between the threaded and crosslinked guests where crosslinking occurs. A pathway for the formation of the 2D poly‐pseudo‐rotaxane is proposed.
Regioselective Formal [3+2] Cycloadditions of Urea Substrates with Activated and Unactivated Olefins for Intermolecular Olefin Aminooxygenation
Authors: Wu Fan , Alom Nur‐E , Ariyarathna Jeewani P. , Naß Johannes , Li Wei
Published: June 2019

A new class of intermolecular olefin aminooxygenation reaction is described. This reaction utilizes the classic halonium intermediate as a regio‐ and stereochemical template to accomplish the selective oxyamination of both activated and unactivated alkenes. Notably, urea chemical feedstock can be directly introduced as the N and O source and a simple iodide salt can be utilized as the catalyst. This formal [3+2] cycloaddition process provides a highly modular entry to a range of useful heterocyclic products with excellent selectivity and functional‐group tolerance.
Breaking Parallel Orientation of Rods via a Dendritic Architecture toward Diverse Supramolecular Structures
Authors: Zhang Ruimeng , Feng Xueyan , Zhang Rui , Shan Wenpeng , Su Zebin , Mao Jialin , Wesdemiotis Chrys , Huang Jiahao , Yan Xiao‐Yun , Liu Tong , Li Tao , Huang Mingjun , Lin Zhiwei , Shi An‐Chang , Cheng Stephen Z. D.
Published: June 2019

Self‐assembled nanostructures of rod‐like molecules are commonly limited to nematic or layered smectic structures dominated by the parallel arrangement of the rod‐like components. Distinct self‐assembly behavior of four categories of dendritic rods constructed by placing a tri(hydroxy) group at the apex of dendritic oligo‐fluorenes is observed. Designed hydrogen bonding and dendritic architecture break the parallel arrangement of the rods, resulting in molecules with specific (fan‐like or cone‐like) shapes. While the fan‐shaped molecules tend to form hexagonal packing cylindrical phases, the cone‐shaped molecules could form spherical motifs to pack into various ordered structures, including the Frank–Kasper A15 phase and dodecagonal quasicrystal. This study provides a model system to engineer diverse supramolecular structures by rod‐like molecules and sheds new light into the mechanisms of the formation of unconventional spherical packing structures in soft matter.
Critical Switching of Cyclization Modes of Polyepoxides in Acidic Aqueous Media and Neutral Water: Synthesis and Revised Structure of a Nerolidol‐Type Sesquiterpenoid
Authors: Nishikawa Keisuke , Morita Kengo , Hashimoto Subaru , Hoshino Akihiro , Ikeuchi Takumi , Kumagai Momochika , Morimoto Yoshiki
Published: June 2019

Biomimetic epoxide‐opening cascades of polyepoxides enable the efficient and rapid construction of polyether frameworks. Herein, we show that the epoxide‐opening cascade cyclization that affords tetrahydrofuran products in acidic aqueous media produces tetrahydropyran (THP) in neutral water. THP formation proceeded by simply heating polyepoxides in neutral water and followed a different cyclization mode from those observed so far. The novel cascade cyclization in H2O was applied to the synthesis of a new nerolidol‐type sesquiterpenoid, resulting in revision of the proposed structure and determination of the absolute configuration.
The use of Cr (CO)6 as an alternative CO source in Pd‐catalyzed C‐N bond formation: Synthesis of benzamides
Authors: Mozaffari Mozhdeh , Nowrouzi Najmeh , Abbasi Mohammad
Published: June 2019

An efficient strategy for the synthesis of benzamides from acetamides and aryl iodides using 1 mol% Pd (OAc)2 as catalyst and Cr (CO)6 as CO‐precursor is described. This new synthetic methodology displays high functional group tolerance on both substrates and avoids the need for ligands, reducing agents, or other additives. The corresponding products were obtained in good to excellent yields at atmospheric pressure under mild reaction conditions.
Utility of anthranilic acid and diethylacetylenedicarboxylate for the synthesis of nitrogenous organo/organometallic compounds as urease inhibitors
Authors: El‐Zahabi Heba S. A. , Abdulwahab Hanan G. , Edrees Mastoura M. , Hegab Amany M.
Published: June 2019

Fumarate diester 3 was synthesized upon reacting anthranilic acid with diethylacetylenedicarboxylate. Compound 3 was reacted with different nucleophiles in mild reaction conditions. Selected reaction routes that afforded products 6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 were explained. The estimated mechanism for the reaction of 3 with ethylenediamine to afford 9 was proved by X‐ray single‐crystal and retro‐synthetic reaction. Acetyl anthranilic acid was utilized with zinc and copper to afford the organometallic compounds 14a and 14b, respectively. Three single crystals were afforded for 3, 9 and the organocopper complex 14b. Target compounds were screened for their inhibitory potential against urease enzyme. Most compounds were more potent than thiourea as standard inhibitor, considering that oxopiperazine 9 exhibited double the activity: IC50 = 8.16 ± 0.65 µM (thiourea IC50 = 20.04 ± 0.33 µM). Docking studies were in agreement with the in vitro enzyme assay.
Gebäudemonitoring bei Anwendung von Innendämmung aus mikroporöser Dämmung und Kalziumsilikat
Authors: Gärtner Gabriele , Meißner Frank , Söhnchen Andreas
Published: June 2019

Ein knapp 150 Jahre altes Bauernhaus im oberbayrischen Landkreis Altötting wurde bereits 2011 in einzelnen Räumen mit einer kapillaraktiven und trotzdem sehr schlanken Innendämmung ausgestattet. Bei dieser Dämmung handelt es sich um einen Hybridbaustoff aus Kalziumsilikat und einer Hochleistungsdämmung (Fa. Evonik). Beide Komponenten sind rein mineralisch und dampfdiffusionsoffen. Bereits im zweiten Jahr nach der Applikation konnte im Rahmen eines angepassten Bauteilmonitorings nachgewiesen werden, dass diese spezielle Form der Dämmung nicht nur ein angenehmes Raumklima unterstützt, sondern auch das Austrocknen der Baufeuchte begünstigt.
Anxiety and depression in patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome – A case controlled study
Authors: McCallum Lucy Moira , Damms Nicholas Anthony , Sarrigiannis Ptolemaios Georgios , Zis Panagiotis
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy causing significant, and often disabling, pain. We aimed to establish the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients who were referred with suspected CTS and identify potential determinants.

Methods

All patients underwent nerve conduction studies (NCS) and were classified into mild, moderate, severe, and no CTS groups. Volunteers, without symptoms or signs of CTS, formed the control group. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results

Ninety‐one patients and 41 controls were recruited. Following NCS the patients were classified as follows: mild CTS (n = 20), moderate CTS (n = 21), severe CTS (n = 11), and no CTS (n = 31). CTS patients had significantly higher depression scores compared to controls but not anxiety scores. Patients experiencing pain and itchiness had significantly higher anxiety scores compared to those who did not. Patients who reported symptoms suggestive of CTS but did not meet the electrodiagnostic criteria for a diagnosis had significantly higher anxiety and depression scores compared to CTS patients and controls.

Conclusions

Patients suffering with CTS may be at an increased risk of depression. Experiencing pain in CTS may further increase the likelihood of experiencing mental health difficulties. Poor mental health can give rise to functional symptoms, similar to those seen in CTS, demonstrating the need for electrophysiological testing before considering surgical intervention.
Video consultations in medication overuse headache. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bekkelund Svein I. , Müller Kai I.
Published: June 2019

Objective

To test the hypothesis that the effect of video consultations is noninferior to traditional consultations in managing patients with overuse headache (MOH).

Materials and Methods

Patients were recruited from referrals to a neurological clinic. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), headache burden measured by headache impact test (HIT‐6) and frequency of headache days <15 per month and visual analogue pain scale (VAS) at baseline, 3 months and 1 year were compared between groups consulted by video‐ (n = 51) and traditional consultations (n = 51) in a post hoc analysis.

Results

The overall response rate was 74.5%. HIT‐6 changed from 66.3 (SD = 4.7) to 60.0 (SD = 9.1) from baseline to 12 months in participants randomized to video consultations and from 65.8 (SD = 3.7) to 58.4 (SD = 8.3) in the group consulted traditionally (95% CI −2.3 to 6.5, p = 0.44). Frequency of headache days <15 per month at 1‐year follow‐up were 9 (23.1%) respectively 10 (27.0%), p = 0.60. In the video group, VAS improved by 2.3 points compared to 2.4 in the traditional group from baseline to 12 months (95% CI −1.2 to 1.2, p = 0.76). Analyses of repeated measurements comparing HIT‐6 and VAS over two points of time in the two groups were insignificant.

Conclusion

The effect of video consultations is noninferior to traditional consultations in managing MOH patients. Using video may be a good alternative in consulting patients with MOH.
Pseudoprogression during treatment with pembrolizumab followed by rechallenge with chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: A case report
Authors: Trabjerg Natacha Dencker , Rask Christina , Jensen Lars Henrik , Hansen Torben Frøstrup
Published: June 2019

Disease progression during immunotherapy in colorectal cancer does not always indicate treatment failure. A case argues that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) may serve as an early marker to distinguish between pseudoprogression and real progression. Presentation of results from reintroduction of chemotherapy after progression on immunotherapy that suggest increased efficiency.
Application of partial least squares as a complementary and preliminary receptor model for source apportionment of ambient aerosol based on molecular organic markers
Authors: Mancilla Yasmany , Mendoza Alberto
Published: June 2019

Fine particulate matter is of great concern in urban areas because it is one of the most heavily emitted pollutants by numerous emission sources. Several receptor models have been developed to estimate contributions of emission sources to the observed concentrations of air pollutants. Most of these tools require source profiles and uncertainties of the measured concentrations of the pollutants in the atmosphere. In addition, these receptor models have been widely applied using a trace element approach. However, a quick overview of the source contributions and key chemical species is desirable before selecting and applying a robust receptor model. Here, partial least squares (PLS) was applied as a preliminary source apportionment step for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) attribution based on molecular organic markers. Given that PLS is an unweighted uncertainty model and that the uncertainties for organic species are not easy to quantify, Monte Carlo sampling (MC‐S) was performed as a complement to PLS to assess the variation of source contributions on the total PM2.5. These methods were performed using 43 samples collected during the spring and fall season monitoring campaigns. In general, source contributions obtained from the MC‐S results were not statistically different from the PLS original results, and uncertainties in ambient measurements did not have a significant influence on the source contributions. Finally, the source contributions were compared with those obtained by positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balance showing insignificant differences. The PLS and MC‐S fit well as preliminary and complementary tools for source apportionment based on organic molecular markers.
Circularly Polarized Light Triggers Biosensing Based on Chiral Assemblies
Authors: Hao Changlong , Xu Liguang , Sun Maozhong , Zhang Hongyu , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: June 2019

Chiral assemblies have attracted great interest because of their many potential applications, such as in chiral sensing, asymmetric catalysis, and optical devices. Here, by using specific DNAzymes, a chiral core–satellite assembly consisting of a DNAzyme‐driven spiny nanorod dimer core and upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) satellite was constructed. The chirality of this assembly originates from the geometry chirality. This chiral assembly can be used as a photothermally activated probe for the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in living cells. Under illumination with 980 nm left circularly polarized (LCP) light, this probe was used to quantify and visualize intracellular metal ions.
Male and female preferences for nest characteristics under paternal care
Authors: Pärssinen Varpu , Kalb Nadine , Vallon Martin , Anthes Nils , Heubel Katja
Published: June 2019

Nests play a critical role for offspring development across the animal kingdom. Nest quality may contribute to the builder's extended phenotype and serve as an ornament during mate choice. We examined male and female nest choice in the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps), a benthic fish with male‐only parental care where females deposit eggs in male‐built nests. Using prebuilt nest models, we independently manipulated two candidate nest quality traits: (a) nest entrance width with a role in oxygen ventilation, and (b) extent of sand cover with a role in camouflage. In simultaneous choice trials, male gobies exhibited no preference for any nest model type. This suggests that initial characteristics of a nesting substrate have minor importance for males, which usually remodel the nest. Females were given a choice between two males occupying either entrance‐ or cover‐manipulated nests. The same pair of males was then exposed to a second female but now with alternated nest types assigned. Most females were consistent in choosing the same, typically the heavier male of the two regardless of nest properties. However, the females that chose the same nest regardless of the male preferred low over high sand coverage and narrow over wide nest entrance. Our results indicate that females base their mating decision on a combination of male phenotype and nest traits. While we found no indication that females are attracted to highly decorated nests, our study is the first in fishes to disentangle a preference for narrow (and thus more protective) nest entrances independent of nest coverage.
Mid‐regional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide for the early detection of non‐acute heart failure
Authors: Gohar Aisha , Rutten Frans H. , den Ruijter Hester , Kelder Johannes C. , von Haehling Stephan , Anker Stefan D. , Möckel Martin , Hoes Arno W.
Published: June 2019

Background

Diagnosing non‐acute heart failure (HF) remains challenging, notably in the early stages of the syndrome. The diagnostic value of mid‐regional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (MR‐proANP) has been proven in acute onset HF, but its role in early non‐acute HF is unknown. We aimed to determine the diagnostic value of MR‐proANP in suspected non‐acute HF.

Methods and results

In total, 721 people suspected of non‐acute HF in primary care underwent standardised diagnostic work‐up including chest X‐ray, electrocardiogram, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) measurement and echocardiography. Of these, 245 people underwent additional MR‐proANP measurements. The outcome of HF was assessed by an expert panel comprised of two cardiologists and one expert physician, who used all available diagnostic information including echocardiography, but were blinded to biomarker results. Of the 245 people (mean age 71.0 years, 62.9% female), 72 (29.4%) were diagnosed with HF. The c‐statistics of MR‐proANP and NT‐proBNP as single diagnostic test were 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.84] and 0.79 (95% CI 0.73–0.86), respectively. The cut‐point with the highest accuracy for MR‐proANP was 120 pmol/L [sensitivity/specificity/positive predictive value (PPV)/negative predictive value (NPV) 0.72, 0.69, 0.46, and 0.86, respectively], and the best exclusionary cut‐point was 40 pmol/L (sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV 0.99, 0.06, 0.30, and 0.92, respectively). After addition of MR‐proANP on top of a previously validated clinical model, the c‐statistic rose from 0.82 (95% CI 0.76–0.88) to 0.86 (95% CI 0.80–0.92), and with the addition of NT‐proBNP to 0.87 (95% CI 0.81–0.92). No sex interactions between the biomarkers and HF were found in the multivariable models.

Conclusion

MR‐proANP provides added diagnostic value in suspected non‐acute HF, similar to NT‐proBNP.
Cages vs. Prisms: Controlling the Formation of Metallosupramolecular Architectures with Ligand Side‐Chains
Authors: Cecot Giacomo , Doll Martin Tim , Planes Ophélie Marie , Ramorini Andrea , Scopelliti Rosario , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Severin Kay
Published: June 2019

Metallosupramolecular assemblies of the general formula M2nLn can adopt prismatic or cage‐like structures. The factors controlling the aggregation number n and the geometry of the final assembly are still not fully understood. Here, we describe the synthesis and the structural characterization of PtII8L4 complexes, which adopt tetragonal prismatic structures. The bridging ligand L features four pyridyl groups and an inert FeII clathrochelate complex at its core. Furthermore, the ligand has three phenanthrene groups, which are attached to the FeII complex in a divergent fashion. These polyaromatic side groups control the self‐assembly process by promoting the formation of a structure, which allows for an energetically favorable packing of the aromatic groups. Replacing the phenanthrene groups on the ligand by aliphatic n‐butyl groups results in a complete change of geometry: instead of tetragonal prisms, PtII8L4 complexes with cage‐like structures are observed.