bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the memory and dynamical stability of magnetar bursts*
Authors: Sang 桑 Yu 语 , Lin 林 Hai-Nan 海南
Published: December 2024

The time series of energy and waiting time in magnetar bursts carry important information about the source activity. In this study, we investigate the memory and dynamical stability of magnetar bursts from four soft gamma repeater (SGR) sources: SGR 1806−20, SGR 1900+14, SGR J1935+2154, and SGR J1550−5418. Based on the rescaled range analysis, we quantify the memory in magnetar bursts for the first time and find that there exists long-term memory in the time series of both waiting time and energy. We investigate the dynamical stability in the context of randomness and chaos. For all four SGR samples, we find that the waiting time is not completely random; however, the energy of two SGRs is consistent with a total random organization. Furthermore, both waiting time and energy exhibit weak chaos. We also find no significant difference between SGRs and repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) in the randomness-chaos phase space. The statistical similarity between SGRs and repeating FRBs hints that there may be potential physical connection between these two phenomena.
New Orbital Parameters of 850 Wide Visual Binary Stars and Their Statistical Properties
Authors: Izmailov Igor , Khovritchev Maxim
Published: December 2024

Based on positional observations and measurements of radial velocities, the orbits of 850 wide visual binary stars have been determined. The parameters of the log-normal distributions for the histograms of orbital periods, stellar masses, and semimajor axes in astronomical units have been obtained. The eccentricity histogram for binary stars with orbital periods less than 400 yr follows a normal distribution centered at e = 0.545 +/− 0.029. For stars with longer periods, this distribution obeys the law f = 2e, with accuracy to errors. The mass-to-luminosity relation for stars with well-determined masses is given by:

log

L

⊙

=

4.33
log

M

⊙

−
0.11

, where L
⊙ and

M

⊙

are the luminosity and mass of the star in units of the solar luminosity and mass, respectively.
Electrical Detection of Groundwater Leakage Channels by Spread Spectrum Induced Polarization (SSIP) Geophysical Method, Guizhou, China
Authors: Ahmed Ijaz , Rujun Chen , Shuang Cheng , Ali Shah Shahid
Published: December 2024

An essential resource, groundwater is necessary for the maintenance of human activity, agriculture, and ecosystems. Finding the sources of groundwater leaks is crucial for effective water management and the avoidance of any environmental risks. In the karst region of Fuquan, Guizhou, China, the use of Spread Spectrum Induced Polarization (SSIP) as an innovative technique for locating groundwater leakage channels is the main topic of this research. Four lines of survey were carried out in the study’s targeted region. The results of SSIP were very positive since they showed notable abnormalities in the ground that may be signs of groundwater leaks. The drilling results obtained from Well ZK02 have served to enhance the credibility and reliability of our research. The study’s results demonstrate how well SSIP works as a cutting-edge technique for locating groundwater leakage pathways in karst regions. To maintain the integrity of the ecosystem and optimize the management of water resources, it is essential to identify and mitigate these channels. This study adds to the expanding corpus of information on methods for detecting groundwater and offers insightful information for further investigation in comparable geological settings.
Shallow Subsurface Detection with the Resonance Characteristics of Ambient Noise Recording
Authors: Wang Guanchao , Zhao Guangmao , Niu Yongxiao , Chen Chengshen , Li Guohe , Li Peng
Published: December 2024

Imaging near-surface structures, such as voids, tunnels, or high-contrast anomalies, is an essential and critical task in urban area underground engineering projects; the required accuracy is within a few meters vertically and horizontally, which poses considerable challenges to geophysical surveys in shallow subsurface detection. Geophysical methods like seismic are great tools for subsurface exploration with high resolution. Currently, since explosive sources are prohibited in urban areas, passive seismic methods that record the constant vibration signals generated by natural and human activities have become more desirable. Thus, this abstract presents a novel non-destructive geophysical approach using ambient noise recording, namely seismo-acoustic resonance imaging. This approach is mainly based on the analysis of the resonance frequencies content information within the data, related to the mechanical properties of structures under investigation. These resonance frequencies will then be translated into depth-domain images using a kind of layer-stripping strategy; Further, the images are combined with results of other geophysical methods (GRP, surface wave analysis, autocorrelation, etc.) for necessary interpretation. In practice, as a low-cost single-station geophysical technique, resonance imaging is readily applicable to a broad range of scales, which meets the need for spatial suitability, and efficiency in engineering investigations. Two examples are presented in the paper, as the first is elaborated on a known metro tunnel, and the second is demonstrated in an unknown investigation site. The results of two experiments have shown resonance imaging to be very well adapted for shallow subsurface detection.
Automated Traffic Signal Recognition in Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data via Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Li Jing , Xiong Hongqiang , Sun Jiaxin
Published: December 2024

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), an advanced vibration-sensing technology, shows immense promise for data-centric urban surveillance, notably in tracking vehicle speeds. The extraction of vehicle information from DAS data demands real-time processing. Nonetheless, current techniques face challenges in the precise and automated interpretation of vehicle signals. This study presents an integrated two-phase deep learning framework meticulously designed to facilitate the real-time and automated detection of vehicle speeds and directions using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data. Initially, the approach employs a contrastive learning-based model to process DAS signals, eliminating disturbances within the profile. The YOLOv8 detection model subsequently accurately detects the processed DAS signals. The vehicle’s speed and direction are ultimately ascertained by harnessing the positional data derived from the bounding box’s coordinates. Within real-world test scenarios, the method introduced can precisely identify vehicles originating from various directions and sources. The strategy demonstrates robust generalizability even in complex scenarios characterized by intense interference and the presence of multiple vehicles. From a quantitative assessment perspective, the system processes DAS data for 60-second intervals in an average of 4.89 seconds, achieving an accuracy rate of 90.07%, which satisfies the demands for real-time vehicle signal detection. The approach presented in this article offers crucial guidance for the real-time, automatic detection of vehicle signals in DAS systems.
Research on Airborne Gamma-ray Spectrometry Survey with Combined Detectors of NaI (Tl) and CeBr3
Authors: Mi Y H , Xu J C , Jiang Z X , Lin T , Li X S , Xiao G Y
Published: December 2024

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry plays an important role in various fields. The airborne gamma-ray spectrometry system with combined detectors of NaI(Tl) scintillator and CeBr3 scintillator shows dual advantages of large volume with high detection efficiency and better energy resolution. The fusion of spectra data from the two types of detectors achieves high signal-to-noise ratio detection of characteristic peaks, improving the accuracy of nuclide content measurement. The effect has been verified through preliminary testing.
Application of spectral energy algorithm based on the GPR reflected wave for detecting underground area
Authors: Yaohua Li , Huanlin He , Jun Dai , Zhen Gao , Xinyue Tian , Qiang Dai
Published: December 2024

The surface subsidence and collapse which caused by abandoned and remnant underground area affects engineering construction seriously. In order to avoid disaster caused by ground collapse, it is obviously important to find out the depth and distribution range about underground area. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is as a fast and non-destructive detecting technology, and the unshielded antenna with low frequency had been used to detect the shallow underground area which can be distinguished from the underground area with larger-scale and significant differences, but conventional data processing method is difficult to identify the weak useful signal, and also will cause uncertainty for abnormal interpretation. Based on the unique feature of spectral response for the single medium, spectral energy algorithm has been used for processing data about GPR reflected wave in this article. The spectral response feature of air medium has been extract from the signal of radar reflected wave, the spectral energy strength about air medium has been calculated, and the feature of space distribution about underground area has been inversed by three-dimensional reconstruction. The results are basically consistent with this method through validating by high-density resistivity method, and prove that this data processing technology is effective and precise. It provides scientific basis for the construction engineering to implement successfully.
Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography for underground box culvert detection
Authors: Zhang Zhengtao , Huang Zhaohui , Yang Yunfei , Tian Ying
Published: December 2024

The detection of underground box culverts is a crucial aspect in the process of urban planning and development. Based on the specific geological conditions encountered during underground box culvert surveys in particular cities, a geoelectric model is constructed. Utilizing the RES2DINV and RES2DMOD software from Electrical Resistivity Tomography, we carry out forward and inverse calculations for underground box culverts under conditions of either high or low resistivity, employing a dipole-dipole array. This study summarizes the resistivity characteristics of box culverts and, ultimately, Analysis of Dipole-Dipole Array Response Characteristics for Box Culvert Detection Targets in High and Low Resistivity Environments Formed Under Different Moisture Conditions.
Evaluation and monitoring of offshore CO2 storage using marine electromagnetic sounding
Authors: Qiu Ning , Pan Chunwu , Liu Bin , Sun Zhen , Li Pengchun
Published: December 2024

The storage of offshore carbon dioxide (CO2) is seen as an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Submarine sediments offer a large volume and adequate permeability for the long-term injection of CO2 at high pressure and low temperature. The selection and monitoring of offshore CO2 storage sites have a significant impact on their stability and safety. Therefore, accurately identifying the distribution of offshore CO2 storage is crucial for monitoring. This study utilizes marine controllable source electromagnetic sounding (CSEM) to investigate the sensitivity of identifying plume transport distributions in offshore CO2 storage monitoring. The results show that CSEM is effective in monitoring the distribution of CO2 plumes during offshore storage processes. The changes in electromagnetic field response can reflect the distribution of CO2 plumes, providing important basis for the stability and safety of offshore CO2 storage site selection and monitoring.
Investigating the Time-Frequency Electromagnetic Method for Detecting Deep Karst Geothermal Reservoirs in Tianjin
Authors: Zhengpu Cheng , Ming Lei , Shu Li , Sheng Lian , Qiang Wei
Published: December 2024

Tianjin, renowned for its geothermal wealth, features the Wumishan Formation of the Jixian System as its principal geothermal reservoir, exemplifying a classic carbonate reservoir. Aiming to delineate the stratigraphic structure and uncover concealed faults beneath Dongli Lake’s 5-kilometer depth in Tianjin, while also pinpointing the spatial distribution and structural attributes of the primary deep thermal reservoirs to forecast potential geothermal zones, the authors have innovatively adapted the time-frequency electromagnetic method—traditionally employed in deep oil and gas exploration—for the deep geothermal investigation of Dongli Lake. This approach involved meticulous data acquisition, sophisticated processing, and resistivity inversion techniques. Utilizing seismic and borehole data, the horizon was calibrated to provide a nuanced portrayal of the subsurface structure. The study postulates the existence of seven concealed faults, characterized as NNE and NWW-oriented tensional normal faults. Notably, the Cangdong Fault (F1), serving as a critical conduit for the area’s principal thermal fluids, is implicated in heat conduction, storage, and the modulation of geothermal anomaly zones’ distribution and configuration. The Wumishan Formation’s thermal reservoir predominantly lies to the west of the Cangdong fault, with the top interface buried at depths ranging from −2200 to −2400 meters, exhibiting a progressive increase in resistivity, indicative of continuous A-type electrical properties. The karst fissures within the third and fourth sections, when well-developed, lead to localized low resistivity anomalies and H-type electrical signatures due to the accumulation of hot water, thereby highlighting the prospective geothermal zones at targeted depths. This paper delineates four such favorable areas, offering vital foundational data and support for the future development and exploitation of these geothermal resources.
Research on the Application of Transient Electromagnetic Exploration in Coal Mine Water Disaster Prevention and Control
Authors: Chengshuai Li , Han Lu , Zhanli Zhang , Qingyang Zhang , Qianqian Duan , Teng Zhang , Mingxia Zhou
Published: December 2024

The geophysical exploration of mines mainly involves advanced detection to delineate areas with abnormal water content for the prevention and drainage of hydrogeological disasters in coal mines. In this study, transient electromagnetic method was used for the detection of coal mine working faces. After the coal mine working face is connected, “geophysical exploration and drilling” work must be carried out before backfilling. After the transient electromagnetic data of geophysical exploration is collected, the basic result map is formed through data processing. Combined with professional mapping processing software Voxler, the software performs 3D visualization processing, which can display detection results more intuitively and stereoscopically, making it easy to analyze and interpret anomalies in space, and achieving good application results.
Seismic monitoring technology of driving and detection integrated of coal mine roadway
Authors: Li Shenglin , Zhang Pingsong , Hu Xiongwu , Wu Rongxin , Guo Liquan
Published: December 2024

Hidden geological features, such as water and gas, cause frequent accidents during coal mine roadway driving. Seismic monitoring technology of driving and detection integrated presents distinct advantages and is a geological guarantee technology urgently needed for intelligent driving of roadways. The success of this technology hinges on the high-resolution signals impulse processing and high-precision imaging. This article employs a seismic while driving field test during coal roadway driving to validate the efficacy of the proposed impulse algorithm and its full waveform inversion method. The inversion results demonstrate that these methods effectively process seismic signals while driving. With a limited detection signals, the distribution characteristics of rock properties in front of the driving can be reliably inverted, enabling the precise identification of abnormal structures. This capability furnishes valuable geological information for roadway driving, thereby enhancing construction safety.
Identification of abnormal operation of electric energy metering equipment based on multi-dimensional and multi-layer association rule mining algorithm
Authors: Sun Jianfeng , Gao Yang , Long Cunyu , Hua Shubei
Published: December 2024

In order to comprehensively and deeply explore the potential correlations and patterns in operational data, this paper proposes a method for identifying abnormal operation of electric energy metering equipment based on multi-dimensional and multi-layer association rule mining algorithms. A multi-level association rule mining model has been constructed to automatically discover potential correlations and abnormal patterns between different indicators, thereby accurately identifying abnormal operation of energy metering equipment. The raw running data is converted into a form suitable for association rule mining, and evaluation metrics such as support and confidence are calculated for each rule. Abnormal operation of energy metering equipment is identified based on these evaluation indicators. The experimental results show that it can effectively identify the abnormal operation of energy metering equipment, providing strong technical support for equipment maintenance and troubleshooting of power companies.
Quantity bidding strategy of inter-provincial and intra-provincial two-level peak regulation market of coal-fired units considering prediction error
Authors: Gao Weiheng , Luan Xichen , Li Jinchang , Wang Zhengfeng
Published: December 2024

Under the background of the ‘carbon peaking and carbon neutrality’ target, the proportion of new energy installed capacity has been greatly increased. The problem of wind and photovoltaic power abandonment has become more and more serious. In the construction of inter-provincial and intra-provincial multi-level electricity markets, it is urgent to establish a source-network coordination mechanism and tap new consumption capacity to adapt to the rapid development of new energy. This paper first sorts out the joint operation process of the inter-provincial and intra-provincial two-level electric energy market and the peak regulation market. Then, with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the inter-provincial peak regulation market and provincial joint market, a collaborative optimization model of inter-provincial and intra-provincial peak regulation quantity bidding strategy is established. The expected scenario generation method considering prediction error is proposed. The collaborative optimization solution process is explained. Finally, the proposed model is simulated to verify the effectiveness of the collaborative optimization of inter-provincial and intra-provincial peak load regulation.
Design and kinematics simulation of tower climbing robot
Authors: Jiang Dongqing , Li Sanyan , Liu Ying
Published: December 2024

To solve the task of auxiliary maintenance of the electric power overhead tower, this team designed a 6-DOF inchworm bionic robot and completed the overall structural design of the robot. Then ADAMS was used to carry out the kinematic analysis of the inchworm robot in the two working conditions of linear climbing and crossing the tower node. The results showed that the motion design of the robot was reasonable, and the feasibility of the structural design was further verified, which provided a reference for the motion control of the robot. Finally, the team made a test prototype and completed the posture and working conditions of the robot such as shrinking, stretching, incline climbing, and upside-down climbing. The experimental results show that the bionic robot has stable performance, which further verifies the correctness of the structural design and the feasibility of the motion mode of the Inchworm robot.
Grinding of high temperature alloy nut tap in low frequency torsional vibration tapping
Authors: Han Fengqi , Li Jianchao , Wang Lijia , Wang Hongguang , Liu Jie
Published: December 2024

During the tapping process of the high temperature alloy GHI698 nut, the tap is easy to fail due to large pieces of damage, and the service life is very low. Combined with the finite element cutting simulation, it is considered that the early damage of the tap in the low frequency torsional vibration tapping is caused by the excessive impact force on the cutter teeth. Grinding the tap into a smaller negative rake angle can effectively improve the stress distribution of the cutter teeth. It is proved by experiments that the failure type of the nut tap after grinding is converted from early damage to normal wear, and the service life is obviously improved. Within a certain parameter range, when low frequency torsional vibration uses a smaller spindle speed and cutting angle, and a larger retraction angle, the tap can achieve a higher service life.
Spectral analysis of metamaterials in curved manifolds
Authors: Faikl Tomáš
Published: December 2024

Negative-index metamaterials possess a negative refractive index and thus present an interesting substance for designing uncommon optical effects such as invisibility cloaking. This paper deals with operators encountered in an operator-theoretic description of metamaterials. First, we introduce an indefinite Laplacian and consider it on a compact tubular neighbourhood in constantly curved compact two-dimensional Riemannian ambient manifolds, with Euclidean rectangle in

R

2

being present as a special case. As this operator is not semi-bounded, standard form-theoretic methods cannot be applied. We show that this operator is (essentially) self-adjoint via separation of variables and find its spectral characteristics. We also provide a new method for obtaining alternative definition of the self-adjoint operator in non-critical case via a generalized form representation theorem. The main motivation is existence of essential spectrum in bounded domains.
Evaluation of the cooling performance of various heat-reflective cool pavement coatings for Urban Heat Island mitigation
Authors: Alhaqi Daffa Hilmi , Nazalanzilni Achmad , Rahman Taqia
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the optimization of heat-reflective cool pavement coatings to address the critical Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, which significantly increases energy consumption for urban cooling and adversely impacts thermal comfort and public health. With pavements constituting about 30% of urban surfaces, their role in amplifying UHI effects underscores the need for innovative solutions. This study evaluated the cooling effect of heat reflective coatings (HRC) using water-based and oil-based binders, such as Acrylic Emulsions and Epoxy Resins, with the addition of functional fillers and pigments, including Titanium oxide, Iron oxide, and Silicon oxide. The results showed that both waterborne (acrylic emulsion) and oil-based (epoxy resin) HRC significantly reduced pavement surface temperatures, achieving maximum cooling effects of up to 20°C. During nighttime cooling simulations, these coatings maintained lower average temperatures, demonstrating their effectiveness both day and night. Waterborne HRC exhibited a rougher surface texture, resulting in higher skid resistance compared to the smoother epoxy resin HRC, which poses a potential risk for skid resistance and requires anti-skid additives. However, waterborne HRC showed signs of cracking after 24 hours of drying, indicating lower durability. Incorporating SiO2 maintained the cooling performance of epoxy resin HRCs while reducing glossiness, enhancing safety and efficacy. Conversely, SiO2 reduced the cooling effect in acrylic emulsion HRCs, suggesting that their natural matte appearance is already optimal. While yellow and white HRCs have high cooling effects, they may not be suitable for all applications due to potential glare and aesthetic mismatches, particularly in architectural and heritage settings.
Psycho-Chemical Characteristic of Groundwater Quality in Hard Rock and Alluvium Aquifers in Pangkalpinang City, Bangka Belitung Islands Province
Authors: Yulita R , Putra D P E , Baskoro W A
Published: December 2024

The people of Pangkalpinang City generally use water sourced from groundwater and from the reservoirs of former tin mining excavations commonly called “Kolong.” However, the quality of the Kolong water used has a pH that tends to be acidic, while the groundwater quality has yet to be detected. In line with these problems, this study aims to analyze groundwater quality based on groundwater’s Psycho-Chemical properties associated with the lithology distribution in the study location. There are 3 rock units in the research location: the phyllite rock unit, classified as hard rock, sandstone unit, and alluvium unit. The results obtained in the comparison of Psycho-Chemical parameters of groundwater based on lithology spread over 98 observation wells are in the phyllite rock unit; there are 9 observation wells with pH 4.67-6.26; EC 72-291 μS/cm; and TDS 38-142 mg/L. The sandstone rock unit has 57 observation wells with pH 4.36-8.41, EC 36-5394 μS/cm, and TDS 17-2732 mg/L. The alluvium unit has 32 observation wells with pH 4.68-8.54, EC 32-12333 μS/cm, and TDS 16-6167 mg/L. A comparison of groundwater quality characteristics based on the physico-chemical properties of water with the distribution of lithology illustrates that the quality of groundwater in the phyllite rock unit has a low pH (acidic), so it must get treatment first to be suitable for use by the community as clean water. At the same time, the results of the analysis of groundwater Psycho-Chemical parameters for EC and TDS values in sandstone and alluvium units are in the Slightly Brackish and Brackish categories, where this can be caused by several factors, such as the possibility of contamination by salt water (geogenic) or contamination by human activities (anthropogenic) so that further research needs to be done to find out the source of groundwater pollution at the research site.
Identification of potential groundwater zone for urban development
Authors: Joleha  , Handayani Yohanna Lilis , Sutikno Sigit , Yusa Muhamad
Published: December 2024

An accurate groundwater level prediction approach is needed for more efficient and ideal planning when using groundwater resources, especially during dry and low water periods. Groundwater levels are highly nonlinear and complex due to the influence of topography, meteorology, geomorphology, hydrology, geology, and human activities. A strategy and in-depth knowledge of groundwater potential availability are prerequisites for planned sustainable urban development. This study used a Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Four thematic layers were used in GIS to identify groundwater potential zones: slope gradient, rainfall, soil type, and land use/cover. Using weighted analysis in ArcGIS software, all thematic layers were combined to provide a combined groundwater potential map of the study area. Groundwater potential zones were created using ArcGIS 10.8 spatial analysis tools on an overlay of all thematic maps. Groundwater conditions were used to determine the GIS analysis criteria, and each information layer was ranked and weighted accordingly. Finally, groundwater recharge zones were selected and classified into very high, high, moderate, low, and very low based on the cumulative weighted values. The results of the study showed that around 0.2% (4.7 ha) of the area was in the deficient category, 45.8% (1,392 ha) was in the high category, 28.4% (463 ha) was in the medium category, 1.7% (52 ha) was in the low category, and 23.9% (725 ha) was in the very high category.
Implementation of digital twin technology for bridge inspection using terrestrial laser scanner
Authors: Murjani Caki Madhya , Pratama Rivaldi , Astor Yackob , Wusqo Urwatul , Widyaningsih Yulia , Muflih Moch. Imam , Pratama Dandi Haniif , Nabesima Yasuki
Published: December 2024

This research aims to determine the type, dimensions (extent and depth), and level of the damage, as well as assess the remaining capacity of the bridge. The bridge, constructed in 1984, underwent Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for data acquisition, resulting in a precise 3D model. The model is used for bridge inspection, creating as-built drawings, and providing recommendations for bridge repair and maintenance. The inspection conducted is a detailed inspection following Guideline No.01/P/BM/2022 concerning Bridge Inspection. Additionally, the bridge’s remaining capacity value was determined using the rating factor method based on Guideline No. 024/BM/2011 on Determining the Remaining Capacity Value of the Bridge. The inspection reveals the bridge is moderately damaged, requiring monitoring or maintenance. The rating factor values for moment and shear at the edge section are 0.71 and 6.33. Meanwhile, at the mid-section, they are 0.44 and 3.39, which means that the bridge is unsafe against moment due to the maximum live load. The floor slab, with moment and shear rating factors of 0.37 and 0.84, is unsafe against both dead load and traffic load-induced moments and shear. TLS greatly assists the detailed inspection process of the bridge, facilitating inspectors to see the bridge’s visual condition that cannot be observed manually.
Innovation of gypsum board and corn cob waste on bricks for tests of compressive strength, water absorption, and temperature reduction
Authors: Fauziyah Shifa , Susanti Riza , Neinawati Lilya Erviyana , Dewantari Luthfia
Published: December 2024

The demand for construction materials, particularly brick, is a consequence of the increase in housing construction. Sand and cement are the primary materials used to make bricks. The rapid development of innovation in construction materials has resulted in the creating of environmentally friendly, cheap, and technical specifications-oriented materials. Thus, creating an eco-friendly material that can substitute sand, specifically corn cob, is vital. Through innovation, bricks can be made less expensive by substituting gypsum board waste material for cement. Using gypsum board, and corn cob waste as brick-making materials must meet SNI 03-0349-1989 specifications for compressive strength and water absorption. The heat absorption capacity of the innovation bricks will also be evaluated. The study applied experimental research, partially substituting gypsum board with corn cob waste. The variations tested were as follows: A (0% gypsum board and 0% corn cob), B (30% gypsum board and 10% corn cob), and C (35% gypsum board and 5% corn cob), with assessments conducted at 7 and 14 days. The findings revealed that the highest compressive strength was achieved in variation C (35% gypsum board and 5% corn cob), measuring 91.89 kg/cm2. Additionally, variation C exhibited the most favorable water absorption rate of 3.10%, while variation B (30% gypsum board and 10% corn cob) demonstrated the most effective temperature reduction of 5.17°C.
Performance of Road Pavement Using AC-WC Mixture with Glycerin Oleochemical Waste Substitution Material Based on Marshall Testing and IRI Value.
Authors: Wardana Edward , Sihombing Atmy Verani Rouly
Published: December 2024

By the end of 2021, PT Pertamina was the sole oil asphalt producer in Indonesia, with a production capacity of 350,000 tons per year. However, domestic asphalt demand exceeds this supply, leading to 75% of asphalt still being imported. To reduce imports, Glycerin Pitch (GP), a waste product from the oleochemical industry and classified as a Toxic and Hazardous Substance (B3), can be used as a substitute for asphalt. Indonesia produces 650,000 tons of glycerol annually, with 3% resulting in GP. Tests on GP with inorganic content <10% and >10% were conducted. Rheology tests showed penetration values of 62.83 and 60.4 (0.1 mm), softening points of 60.5°C and 56.5°C, kinematic viscosities of 1197 cSt and 903 cSt, ductility >100 cm for both, and specific gravities of 1.074 g/cc and 1.054 g/cc. Aggregate tests revealed an abrasion value of 16.71%, flat and elongated particles at 7.52% (split) and 8.49% (screen), and material passing sieve No. 200 at 0.87% (coarse) and 9.49% (fine). The asphalt mixture design showed an aggregate gradation of 12% split, 44% screen, 41% stone dust, and 3% filler. The optimum GP content was 27% for GP1 and 14.2% for GP2, with an optimum asphalt content of 6%. Mixing and compaction temperatures were 130°C and 150°C for ACWC+GP1 and 150°C for ACWC+GP2. The Marshall Quotient was 211 Kg/mm for ACWC+GP1 and 316 Kg/mm for ACWC+GP2. Field tests on two segments (Pen 60/70 + GP1 and GP2) showed an International Roughness Index (IRI) of 3.21 and 2.89, respectively, classified as good. These findings suggest that GP is a viable substitute in asphalt mixtures, reducing import dependence while efficiently utilizing oleochemical waste.
Self-supply as a safely managed water service: comparative analysis and predictors of water service outcomes in rural Nepal
Authors: Foster Tim , Lala Sunetra , Budhathoki Ratan , Kohlitz Jeremy
Published: December 2024

Self-supply is ubiquitous in rural areas of South Asia, including in Nepal, where more than a third of the country’s population obtains their drinking water from private tubewells. However, there has been little research into the service levels delivered by self-supply or its performance relative to public water services. Drawing on data from 1289 tubewells in Sarlahi District in the Terai region of Nepal, this study compared the performance of private and community tubewells in terms of water quality and availability and identified factors that predict service levels. Compared with community tubewells, private tubewells had significantly higher odds of providing water that was free from contamination and available in sufficient quantities when needed (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.19–3.77, p = 0.011). However, inequities were evident among private tubewell users, with marginalized or lower-caste groups having significantly lower odds of accessing a safely managed water service (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54–0.85, p < 0.001). Among private tubewell users, shallower wells and open defecation were significantly associated with the presence of E. coli. The results show that self-supply is capable of providing a safely managed water service and can contribute to efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6. However, targeted support should be directed towards disadvantaged households to safeguard water quality and strengthen service reliability. In particular, programmes that support the installation of deeper tubewells, prevent open defecation and promote household water treatment may bring water quality benefits in areas where self-supply is practised.
Disproportionate impacts of building materials production facilities on neighboring communities
Authors: Kim Alyson , Chaboya Gavin , Kwon Helena , Miller Sabbie A
Published: December 2024

The construction and building materials (CBMs) production industries, such as cement, steel, and plastics that are responsible for a substantial share of global CO2 emissions, face increasing pressure to decarbonize. Recent legislative initiatives like the United States (US) federal Buy Clean Initiative and the World Green Building Council’s decarbonization plan for Europe highlight the urgency to reduce emissions during CBM production stages. However, there remains a gap in addressing the localized environmental and social impacts of these industries as well as a necessary understanding of how decarbonization efforts may change local impacts. This study introduces a framework for quantifying the disproportionate impacts (I
d) of 12 CBM production facility categories on communities of color and low-income demographics across the US. Using geographical and environmental data from the 2017 US National Emissions Inventory (NEI), we assess these impacts at four spatial scales: census tract, county, state, and national. Results show that across all scales, many CBM production facilities impose disproportionate impacts. The geographical disproportionate impact (I
G,d) shows the greatest burdens at the broadest spatial scales, whereas the environmental disproportionate impact (I
E,d) indicates highest burdens at more localized levels. Based on this spatial understanding, we provide methods that can be implemented to support community engagement and mitigate damages to populations neighboring industrial materials manufacturing. These findings offer valuable insights into the relationship between facility locations, emissions, and demographic groups, providing a basis for more targeted environmental justice policies aimed at mitigating these disproportionate impacts.
Generalized root systems
Authors: Dimitrov Ivan , Fioresi Rita
Published: December 2024

We generalize the notion of a root system by relaxing the conditions that ensure that it is invariant under reflections and study the resulting structures, which we call generalized root systems (GRSs). Since both Kostant root systems and root systems of Lie superalgebras are examples of GRSs, studying GRSs provides a uniform axiomatic approach to studying both of them. GRSs inherit many of the properties of root systems. In particular, every GRS defines a crystallographic hyperplane arrangement. We believe that GRSs provide an intrinsic counterpart to finite Weyl groupoids and crystallographic hyperplane arrangements, extending the relationship between finite Weyl groupoids and crystallographic hyperplane arrangements established by Cuntz. An important difference between GRSs and root systems is that GRSs may lack a (large enough) Weyl group. In order to compensate for this, we introduce the notion of a virtual reflection, building on a construction of Penkov and Serganova in the context of root systems of Lie superalgebras.

The most significant new feature of GRSs is that, along with subsystems, one can define quotient GRSs. Both Kostant root systems and root systems of Lie superalgebras are equivalent to quotients of root systems and all root systems are isomorphic to quotients of simply-laced root systems. We classify all rank 2 GRSs and show that they are equivalent to quotients of root systems. Finally, we discuss in detail quotients of root systems. In particular we provide all isomorphisms and equivalences among them. Our results on quotient of root systems provide a different point of view on flag manifolds, reproving results of Alekseevsky and Graev.
Homology and 𝐾-theory of dynamical systems III. Beyond stably disconnected Smale spaces
Authors: Proietti Valerio , Yamashita Makoto
Published: December 2024

We study homological invariants of étale groupoids arising from Smale spaces, continuing our previous work, but going beyond the stably disconnected case by incorporating resolutions in the space direction. We show that the homology groups defined by Putnam are isomorphic to the Crainic–Moerdijk groupoid homology with integer coefficients.

We also show that the

K
K

-groups of C

∗

^*

-algebras of stable and unstable equivalence relations have finite rank. For unstably disconnected Smale spaces, we provide a cohomological spectral sequence whose second page shows Putnam’s (stable) homology groups, and converges to the

K
K

-groups of the unstable C

∗

^*

-algebra.
Prologue: Contemplating the relativity revolution, commencing the dialogue
Authors: Vishveshwara Smitha , Vishveshwara C V
Published: December 2024

Sample
Galilean relativity
Authors: Vishveshwara Smitha , Vishveshwara C V
Published: December 2024

Sample
The story of light as a wave
Authors: Vishveshwara Smitha , Vishveshwara C V
Published: December 2024

Sample
The quantum atom unveiled: Deciphering cosmic messages
Authors: Vishveshwara Smitha , Vishveshwara C V
Published: December 2024

Sample
Fiendish feline physics: Schrödinger’s cat
Authors: Vishveshwara Smitha , Vishveshwara C V
Published: December 2024

Sample
The curved world
Authors: Vishveshwara Smitha , Vishveshwara C V
Published: December 2024

Sample
Classical tests
Authors: Vishveshwara Smitha , Vishveshwara C V
Published: December 2024

Sample
The universe
Authors: Vishveshwara Smitha , Vishveshwara C V
Published: December 2024

Sample
Disappearing Chairs and Participatory Dances
Authors: Ross Janice
Published: December 2024

This chapter uses the chair as a lens to view Anna’s activation of the spectator in her dances like Apartment 6 and The Five-Legged Stool and Larry’s animating of physical engagement from visitors to his urban landscapes. From the uncomfortable JB Blunk “throne” to the butterfly and Hardoy chairs featured in the Halprin home, places for extended, sedentary repose are rare to nonexistent on the Halprin property and in their works. Beginning in the 1960s, the spectator in Anna’s dances was recast as an attentive witness, actively receiving, and responding to, performers’ intimate disclosures. Her emphasis was on supporting and participating by being visually attentive rather maintaining a traditional aesthetic distance. These dances are read as fascinating parallels to Larry’s increasingly collaborative design process and his engagement of spectators as participants in his urban design projects: Ghirardelli Square, Freeway Park, and Levi’s Plaza.
Heat strain in road construction workers during the summer in New Mexico: a preliminary study
Authors: Specht Jonathan W , Garcia Serena , Wegman David H , Glaser Jason , Schlader Zachary J , Amorim Fabiano T
Published: December 2024

In the summer season, road construction workers perform physically demanding tasks outdoors, placing them at greater risk for exertional heat illness conditions. Assessing core temperature (Tcore) is critical as it serves as a key indicator of heat strain and helps to estimate the risk of heat-related illness. Despite the increased risk of hyperthermia, previous research has not assessed Tcore in road construction workers in the United States during summer work.

Purpose: To report heat strain and environmental heat stress in a pilot study of road construction workers during work in the summer.

Methods: Seven male road construction workers in New Mexico were observed performing physically demanding work during a summer work shift. Environmental heat stress (heat index [HI], dry/wet bulb temperature, and relative humidity), Tcore, and skin temperature (Tskin) were measured continuously at a single job site throughout the workday. Hydration was assessed pre- and post-shift via measurements of urine specific gravity (USG) and changes in body weight.

Results: The peak HI recorded throughout the workday was 34.1 °C, corresponding to a “warning” heat risk level according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Heat Safety Tool App. Two of seven (29%) workers reached a peak Tcore of greater than 38.0 °C, and 4 (57%) began the work shift dehydrated, indicated by a USG >1.020.

Conclusions: Findings from this pilot study suggest that road construction workers may begin their shifts dehydrated and some experience moderate hyperthermia while performing physically demanding work in hot environmental conditions.
Secretory expression in Bacillus subtilis, purification, and characterization of a persistent protein-degrading enzyme from Nocardiopsis sp. TOA-1
Authors: Takano Aoto , Yano Mamiko , Nakamura Tomoka , Takano Kazufumi , Tanaka Shun-ichi
Published: December 2024

Keratinase from Nocardiopsis sp. TOA-1 (NAPase) holds significant potential for industrial and medical applications. Here, we developed a heterologous secretory expression system for NAPase in Bacillus subtilis. The recombinant enzyme exhibited catalytic properties comparable to the native enzyme, demonstrating its suitability for further protein engineering. This work provides a foundation for enhancing NAPase activity and stability, expediting its biotechnological applications.
The lion(ess?), the weeping, and the warrior trope: images of animals mourning in the Iliad, the Epic of Gilgameš, and beyond
Authors: Barber Joseph
Published: December 2024

The last few decades have seen a surge in research into the possible connections between early Greek poetry and the literature and mythologies of the Ancient Near East. This article re-examines Iliad 18.318–23, which many scholars have regarded as directly and deliberately alluding to a similar section of the Babylonian Epic of Gilgameš (SBV VIII 59–62). In both passages, Akhilleus and Gilgameš are said to mourn for Patroklos and Enkidu like a lioness mourning for her cubs. It will be argued that we should not regard these passages as evidence for a direct connection. By considering other strands of similar imagery in the Iliad, I will show that the presence of this simile in the Greek epic is not best explained as the result of external influence. This will be corroborated by an examination of occurrences of similar imagery in other Near Eastern texts from Mesopotamia, Ugarit, and the Hebrew Bible. Reflecting on the methodological difficulties of positing direct allusion between Greek and Near Eastern literary texts, this article will suggest instead that this simile of animal mourning is a stock feature of a broader shared Eastern Mediterranean poetic tradition with many surviving examples.
IMPACT: interpretable microbial phenotype analysis via microbial characteristic traits
Authors: Mechtersheimer Daniel , Ding Wenze , Xu Xiangnan , Kim Sanghyun , Sue Carolyn , Cao Yue , Yang Jean
Published: December 2024

Motivation

The human gut microbiome, consisting of trillions of bacteria, significantly impacts health and disease. High-throughput profiling through the advancement of modern technology provides the potential to enhance our understanding of the link between the microbiome and complex disease outcomes. However, there remains an open challenge where current microbiome models lack interpretability of microbial features, limiting a deeper understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in disease. To address this, we present a framework that combines a feature engineering step to transform tabular abundance data to image format using functional microbial annotation databases, with a residual spatial attention transformer block architecture for phenotype classification.

Results

Our model, IMPACT, delivers improved predictive accuracy performance across multiclass classification compared to similar methods. More importantly, our approach provides interpretable feature importance through image classification saliency methods. This enables the extraction of taxa markers (features) associated with a disease outcome and also their associated functional microbial traits and metabolites.

Availability and implementation

IMPACT is available at https://github.com/SydneyBioX/IMPACT. We providedirect installation of IMPACT via pip.