bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting sustainable responses to the US opioid epidemic with community-academic partnerships: qualitative outcomes from a statewide program
Authors: Driscoll David L. , Cuellar Alison Evans , Agarwal Vinod , Jones Debra , Dunkenberger Mary Beth , Hosig Kathy
Published: April 2022

Background

Drug overdose deaths in the United States have continued to increase at an alarming rate. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) distributed more than $7 billion between January 2016 and June 2020 to address the drug overdose crisis. The funds support evidence-based responses, including medications for opioid use disorder, and other prevention, treatment and recovery activities. Although the State Opioid Response (SOR) grants finance much-needed community level interventions, many of the services they support may not be sustainable, without ongoing assessment, evaluation and planning for continuation.

Methods

This paper describes a statewide effort to support local entities through SAMHSA’s SOR grants in Virginia. Community agencies across the state participated in detailed needs assessment exercises with VHEOC investigators, and developed requests for proposals (RFPs) to sustain their SOR programs. The RFPs were then distributed to prospective academic partners at the five VHEOC universities, based on the required subject matter expertise identified in the RFP. All responsive proposals were then provided to the local agencies who selected the proposal most likely to meet their needs. VHEOC investigators also conducted an inductive, three-phase content analysis approach to examine the RFPs submitted to the VHEOC to identify nominal categories of support requested of the VHEOC investigators.

Results

VHEOC Investigators received and coded 27 RFPs from ten community agencies representing four of five regions of the state. We identified six nominal categories of academic assistance with high inter-coder agreement. The six categories of support requested of the academic partners were program development and support, literature review and best practices, outreach and education, data analysis and interpretation, program evaluation, and grant writing assistance. Several RFPs requested up to three categories of support in a single project.

Conclusions

Our analysis of the requests received by the consortium identified several categories of academic support for SOR-grantees addressing the drug overdose crisis. The most common requests related to development and maintenance of supportive collaborations, which existing research has demonstrated is necessary for the long-term sustainability of SOR-funded services. In this way, the academic partners reinforced sustainable SOR-funded programs. As the state opioid response program is implemented nationally, we hope that other states will consider similar models in response to the opioid crisis.
Uterovaginal prolapse in a primigravida presenting in active first stage of labor: a case report
Authors: Dabi Bezza Kedida , Sori Demisew Amenu , Disasa Fanta Asefa
Published: April 2022

Background

Uterovaginal prolapse is the descent of the uterus and vagina down the birth canal toward the introitus. The occurrence of uterovaginal prolapse in a primigravida is very rare. It can cause preterm labor, fetal demise, spontaneous abortion, postpartum hemorrhage, maternal urinary complications, sepsis, and death. This case report presents the rare occurrence of uterovaginal prolapse in a primigravida woman with no major risk factors identified for prolapse, who presented in active first stage of labor and delivered vaginally.

Case presentation

A 30-year-old Oromo primigravida woman who did not remember her last normal menstrual period but claimed amenorrhea of 9 months duration presented with the urge to bear down of 12 hours duration and passage of liquor of 8 hours duration. She was referred from the local health center to Jimma Medical Center with a diagnosis of prolonged labor. At presentation, she was in active first stage of labor with cervix 5–6 cm and fetal heartbeat was negative. She was followed for the progress of labor, and 4 hours after admission to the labor ward, she delivered a freshly dead male neonate weighing 3000 g. Her postpartum period was uneventful, and she was discharged on her third postpartum day and referred after 6 weeks to the outpatient department.

Conclusion

Uterovaginal prolapse occurring in primigravida and during labor at first recognition is very rare, with congenital weakness being a possible underlying pathology. Management of uterovaginal prolapse during labor should be individualized on the basis of fetal condition and the severity of prolapse. For a patient with pelvic organ prolapse in labor, expectant management is a good option when there is no severe edema resulting in obstructed labor, as in our case, where the patient delivered vaginally and the prolapse resolved postpartum.
Managing forest risks in uncertain times of climate change
Authors: Yousefpour Rasoul , Gray David R.
Published: April 2022

Key message

Managing forest risks in uncertain times of climate change necessitates novel and adaptive forest decision approaches. Multiple risks (biotic and abiotic) and sources of uncertainty should be identified, and their quantities over decision horizon should be propagated in searching for robust solutions. The solutions may ask for changes in classical forest decisions, e.g., rotation age or beyond, e.g., forest insurance.
Implications of food and nutrition security on household food expenditure: the case of Malaysia
Authors: Kh’ng Kerry , Chang Ching-Cheng , Hsu Shih-Hsun
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Food security is attracting more attention in Malaysia not only at the national level that concern toward the enhancement of food self-sufficiency but also at the individual level which concerns more on nutrition and health. The economic recession triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic has brought the food and nutrition security challenge to the higher priority. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of encouraging a healthy eating plan by taking into account two important elements, food cost and nutrient intake, to help tackle the food and nutrition insecurity challenges at the individual level.

Method and materials

This study used a goal programming model with dietary intake data from Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey reports to develop food plans that can improve nutrition quality without increasing food cost. Missing data, such as nutrient compositions and food prices, were collected separately from existing governmental and non-governmental sources. Benchmark nutrient intakes were derived from Malaysian Dietary Guidelines and Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intakes reports, whereas benchmark costs were estimated by mapping food prices to dietary intake. The cost of healthier diets was also assessed to examine the acceptability of dietary changes for the low-income population.

Results

The results showed that healthier diets following national dietary guidelines are achievable with reasonable food choices shift without changing the cost of meal plan. Greater intake of milk and vegetables (for more calcium) and smaller intake of seafood and egg products (for less protein) will contribute to raise diet quality and achieve more adequate nutrition. However, the cost attached to healthier food plan is still likely to be burdensome for the food-insecure and low-income population.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that policymakers should implement income-relevant laws to cut poverty and improve the population’s dietary intake. Income growth as a result of better skills and education is needed to ensure that the real incomes of Malaysian are well sustained, and increased to help low-income population make better and healthier food choices.
Evaluation of pharmaceutical pictogram comprehension among adults in the Philippines
Authors: Gutierrez Margarita M. , Patikorn Chanthawat , Anantachoti Puree
Published: April 2022

Background

The use of pharmaceutical pictograms to enhance patients’ understanding of drug regimens has been proven effective in many countries. There are two reference systems for pictograms generally used in pharmacy: the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and International Pharmacy Federation (FIP). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of USP and FIP pictograms among adults in the Philippines by identifying how many pictograms would pass the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) criterion of 85% comprehension, and to describe the factors affecting pictograms’ comprehension.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional research using a face-to-face interview was performed to evaluate 108 pictograms in 52 Filipino adults enrolled through quota sampling. Descriptive statistics, Mann–WhitneyUtest (Wilcoxon rank-sum test), univariate linear regression, and multiple linear regression were used to statistically analyze the data collected.

Results

Only 17 (16 USP and 1 FIP) out of the 108 pictograms (15.74%) passed the ANSI criterion. The median score of Filipinos was 71 out of 108 pictograms (Interquartile range: 10–96). The multivariate model (R2 = 0.5645,F(4,47) = 15.23) suggested that the score was lower by 5.85 points if the user was female, 21.58 points lower if the participant was below Grade 12 education level, and 1.20 points lower if the patient was greater than 46 years old. Education level was identified as the significant predictor (p-value < 0.0000*, power = 99.98%). The participant with greater than Grade 12 has a higher comprehension score of rank-sum 952.5 (Expected = 689) compared to only 425.5 (Expected = 689).

Conclusions

Since only 17 pictograms passed as stand-alone tool for patient information material, the researchers recommend the use of verbal and written instructions to complement pictograms to enhance comprehension. Furthermore, the government should consider the inclusion of health pictograms in basic health education.
A comparison of multi-ligament reconstruction and isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction at one year follow-up: results from the Danish Knee Ligament Reconstruction Registry
Authors: Nielsen Torsten Grønbech , Sørensen Ole Gade , Lind Martin
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The Danish Knee Ligament Reconstruction Registry (DKRR) has monitored the outcomes of surgeries for multi-ligament knee injuries (MLKI) since 2005. This study aimed to compare the subjective clinical outcomes of patients who had undergone surgery after MLKI with those of patients who had received isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Materials and methods

This study used patient-reported outcome scores at 1-year follow-up as the primary outcome and contains the outcome data of knee ligament surgeries retrieved from the DKRR. Clinical subjective outcomes and knee function were evaluated with Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS) and Tegner Activity Scale (Tegner) scores. Demographic differences were examined using the Student’s t-test and the chi-square test. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the data and adjust for potentially confounding factors. P-values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.

Results

A total of 31,686 knee ligament surgeries were registered in the DKRR between 2005 and 2017, resulting in 1,160 multi-ligament patients and 28,843 isolated ACL patients. The mean age of the MLKI group was significantly higher than that of the isolated ACL group (33.2 years [95% CI 32.5–33.9] vs. 28.3 years [95% CI 28.1–28.4]).

The adjusted KOOS Sport and Quality of Life (QoL) sub-scores and Tegner scores of the MLKI group significantly improved from the baseline to the 1-year follow-up (16.7 points [95%CI 12.8;20.6], 12.6 points [95%CI 9.6;15.6] and 1.76 points [95%CI 1.43;2.08], respectively). The KOOS Sport and QoL sub-scores of the isolated ACL group were significant and increased more than those of the MLKI group. No differences in the Tegner scores were observed.

Conclusions

Surgical reconstruction after multi-ligament knee injury resulted in significant subjective outcome improvements at 1- year follow-up. The KOOS Sport and QoL sub-scores of the isolated ACL group significantly increased compared to those of the MLKI group.
Extension of the regularization technique to controlled-source electromagnetic modeling in general anisotropic conductivity media
Authors: Li Jian , Liu Jianxin , Guo Rongwen , Liu Rong , Wang Yongfei , Chen Hang
Published: April 2022

Traditional Krylov subspace methods can be slow for electromagnetic modeling, particularly at lower frequencies. One of the commonly used remedies is to apply the divergence correction iteratively during the solution process, which requires solving an additional divergence correction equation. Alternatively, we have developed an efficient regularization technique to carry out the forward modeling of the anisotropic effect for 3D controlled-source electromagnetic data. Inside this scheme, we explicitly include the gradient of a scaled divergence correction term into the original curl-curl equation for general anisotropic conductivity structure. This inclusion leads to a significantly better-conditioned linear system of equations without changing the solution of the original system and avoids the solution of an additional equation. The correctness of the developed algorithm is examined based on a vertical transverse isotropic layered model with the semianalytical solution available. Then, we use a tilted transverse isotropic ocean canonical reservoir model and a general anisotropic 3D model to investigate the stability and efficiency of the algorithm. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the developed technique is 0.49–2.9 times faster than the standard algorithm at the considered frequencies.
An experimental test of chronic traffic noise exposure on parental behaviour and reproduction in zebra finches
Authors: Liu Quanxiao , Gelok Esther , Fontein Kiki , Slabbekoorn Hans , Riebel Katharina
Published: April 2022

Chronic traffic noise is increasingly recognised as a potential hazard to wildlife. Several songbird species have been shown to breed poorly in traffic noise exposed habitats. However, identifying whether noise is causal in this requires experimental approaches. We tested whether experimental exposure to chronic traffic noise affected parental behaviour and reproductive success in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). In a counterbalanced repeated-measures design, breeding pairs were exposed to continuous playback of one of two types of highway noise previously shown to be either neutral (control) or aversive. Parental nest attendance positively correlated with feeding effort and was higher for the aversive than the control sound and this effect was more pronounced for parents attending larger broods. However, neither noise condition affected offspring number, growth or body mass. The absence of an effect held when we combined our data with data from two other comparable studies into a meta-analysis. We discuss whether the increased nest attendance could be a compensatory strategy that alleviated detrimental noise effects on the chicks, and whether it could be caused by impaired parent-offspring or within-pair communication. Future work should test these hypotheses and investigate potential long-term costs of increased parental engagement.
Jagged 2b induces intercellular signaling within somites to establish hematopoietic stem cell fate in zebrafish
Authors: Wada Yukino , Tsukatani Hikaru , Kuroda Chihiro , Miyazaki Yurika , Otoshi Miku , Kobayashi Isao
Published: April 2022

During development, the somites play a key role in the specification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In zebrafish, the somitic Notch ligands Delta-c (Dlc) and Dld, both of which are regulated by Wnt16, directly instruct HSC fate in a shared vascular precursor. However, it remains unclear how this signaling cascade is spatially and temporally regulated within somites. Here, we show in zebrafish that an additional somitic Notch ligand, Jagged 2b (Jag2b), induces intercellular signaling to drive wnt16 expression. Jag2b activated Notch signaling in segmented somites at the early stage of somitogenesis. Loss of jag2b led to a reduction in the expression of wnt16 in the somites and an HSC marker, runx1, in the dorsal aorta, whereas overexpression of jag2b increased both. However, Notch-activated cells were adjacent to, but did not overlap with, wnt16-expressing cells within the somites, suggesting that an additional signaling molecule mediates this intercellular signal transduction. We uncover that Jag2b-driven Notch signaling induces efna1b expression, which regulates wnt16 expression in neighboring somitic cells. Collectively, we provide evidence for previously unidentified spatiotemporal regulatory mechanisms of HSC specification by somites.
Total Synthesis of Lyconesidine B: Approach to a Three-Dimensional Tetracyclic Skeleton of Amine-Type Fawcettimine Core and Studies of Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Kurose Tomohiro , Itoga Moeko , Nanjo Takeshi , Takemoto Yoshiji , Tsukano Chihiro
Published: April 2022

Lyconesidine B, isolated from Lycopodium chinense, is characterized by an oxygenated amine core and a trans-fused CD ring with a hydroxymethyl group on the axial position. Because the oxidation level of C13 of this alkaloid is different from other fawcettimine-type alkaloids, we investigated a suitable strategy for its synthesis. As a result, we established a synthetic route to the CD ring decahydroquinoline via cyclopropanation followed by ring-opening and reduction, and the AB ring tetracyclic core by ene-yne metathesis. In the ene-yne metathesis, the use of a quaternary ammonium salt solved the issues of the conformation of the substrate as well as the deactivation of the catalyst. The first total synthesis was achieved by stereoselective derivatization of the tetracyclic skeleton. In addition, we investigated the asymmetric cyclopropanation, which introduces an initial chiral center and was found to be effective for a Ru catalyst with vinyloxazoline-type ligands.
Manifestations of the pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally related with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS) in the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems.
Authors: Brzyska Anna , Bogucka Julia , Bojarska Małgorzata , Domańska Natalia
Published: April 2022

Wprowadzenie i cel pracy: Przebieg wieloukładowego zespołu zapalnego związanego z SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS) nie jest do końca poznany. W większości przypadków powikłania są na tyle poważne, że pacjenci wymagają hospitalizacji. Celem pracy jest omówienie najczęściej występujących objawów w przebiegu PIMS w poszczególnych układach.

Materiał i metoda: W marcu 2022 roku została przeszukana baza danych Medline (Pubmed) przy użyciu słów kluczowych: PIMS symptoms, MIS-C manifestations, hyperinflammation, post-COVID. Wybrane zostały prace w języku angielskim i polskim, opublikowane w latach 2020-2022.

Opis stanu wiedzy: Badania pokazują, że najczęściej, zaraz po gorące, występują dolegliwości ze strony układu pokarmowego. Najpoważniejsze powikłania odnotowano jednak w układzie sercowo-naczyniowym. Szacuje się, że nawet u połowy pacjentów dochodzi do niewydolności lewokomorowej lub wstrząsu, a u jednej czwartej mogą rozwinąć się tętniaki tętnic wieńcowych. Duży odsetek chorych z rozpoznanym PIMS manifestuje również objawy ze strony układu nerwowego. Poza objawami podmiotowymi opisywano również zmiany organiczne mózgu. W przeciwieństwie do choroby COVID-19 powikłania w układzie oddechowym występują rzadko. Niewydolność oddechowa, jeżeli występuje, najczęściej rozwija się wtórnie do niewydolności układu krążenia.

Podsumowanie: Dotychczasowe doniesienia pozwalają stwierdzić, że PIMS jest rzadką, aczkolwiek poważną chorobą dotykającą dzieci najczęściej w wieku szkolnym. Objawy występujące w jej przebiegu nie są swoiste i mogą być różne u każdego pacjenta. Rozpoznanie choroby jest trudne, dlatego opracowano kryteria obejmujące najczęściej występujące objawy, a także powiązanie z ekspozycja na wirusa SARS-CoV-2.

Słowa klucz: PIMS symptoms; MIS-C manifestations; hyperinflammation; post-COVID
Improving Match Rates in Dating Markets Through Assortment Optimization
Authors: Rios Ignacio , Saban Daniela , Zheng Fanyin
Published: April 2022

Problem definition: Motivated by our collaboration with an online dating company, we study how a platform should dynamically select the set of potential partners to show to each user in each period in order to maximize the expected number of matches in a time horizon, where a match is formed only after two users like each other, possibly in different periods. Academic/practical relevance: Increasing match rates is a prevalent objective of online platforms. We provide insights into how to leverage users’ preferences and behavior toward this end. Our proposed algorithm was piloted by our collaborator, a major online dating company in the United States. Methodology: Our work combines several methodologies. We model the platform’s problem as a dynamic optimization problem. We use econometric tools and exploit a change in the company’s algorithm in order to estimate the users’ preferences and the causal effect of previous matches on the like behavior of users, as well as other parameters of interest. Leveraging our data findings, we propose a family of heuristics to solve the platform’s problem and use simulations and field experiments to assess their benefits. Results: We find that the number of matches obtained in the recent past has a negative effect on the like behavior of users. We propose a family of heuristics to decide the profiles to show to each user on each day that accounts for this finding. Two field experiments show that our algorithm yields at least 27% more matches relative to our industry partner’s algorithm. Managerial implications: Our results highlight the importance of correctly accounting for the preferences, behavior, and activity metrics of users on both ends of a transaction to improve the operational efficiency of matching platforms. In addition, we propose a novel identification strategy to measure the effect of previous matches on the users’ preferences in a two-sided matching market, the result of which is leveraged by our algorithm. Our methodology may also be applied to online matching platforms in other domains.

History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2021 Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Practice-Based Research Competition.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1107 .
A Signet Cell Carcinoma of the Ileum: A Rare Differential Diagnosis of Intestinal Pathology with Fistula Mimicking Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Mohan Gaurav , Fichadiya Harshil , Olex-Memoli Darby , Krishna Divya , Du Doatrang , Bagchi Buket , Rashidbaigi Ali
Published: April 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the USA. Primary signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the colon and rectum is extremely rare with a reported incidence of less than 1%. Here we present the case of a 41-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain, severe microcytic anaemia and a negative faecal occult blood test (FOBT). A CT scan of the abdomen revealed thickening of the terminal ileum and proximal right colon with extensive lymphadenopathy and a fistula tract extending from the terminal ileum to the right buttock. Endoscopic features like cobblestoning of the ileocolic junction along with elevated blood and stool inflammatory markers raised suspicion of Crohn’s disease (CD). However, histopathological study surprisingly revealed primary colorectal signet cell carcinoma (PCRSCC) with no evidence of CD. Cases of simultaneous PCRSCC and CD have been reported, but no clear association has been established. Our case is unique in that it presented with classic clinical features of CD, but PCRSCC without any histological evidence of underlying CD was found on histology.
Creating change
Authors: Sadler Donna
Published: April 2022

Donna Sadler discusses dental nurse recruitment
Nowhere to hide
Authors: Alcraft Tom
Published: April 2022

Tom Alcraft examines the importance of interdental cleaning
Defence against infectious pathogens
Authors: Steadman Nicky
Published: April 2022

Nicky Steadman explores how we can prevent the spread of disease
Imposter syndrome
Authors: Bandali Mahdiyah
Published: April 2022

Mahdiyah Bandali reflects on her experience of imposter syndrome and ideas to tackle it
Yoga as the ‘Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine’ of Infertility
Authors: Dutta Sulagna , Sengupta Pallav
Published: April 2022

Infertility and conception complications have long been major global health concerns1, and these continue to be significant clinical problems affecting 8% to 10% of couples globally and 7% to 15% of couples in the United States2-6. Infertility has also been common among the Indian population (4-6%, as per the 1981 census)4. In the causation of infertility in a couple, both the male and female factors play vital roles7, 8. According to reviews of infertility conducted worldwide by the World Fertility Survey and others, similar patterns of infertility rates were found in several South Asian countries that include 5% in Pakistan, 6% in Nepal, 4% in Bangladesh, and 4% in Sri Lanka2, 9.
Curative Consequences of Rocket Seeds (Eruca Sativa) Extract against Lead Nanoparticles Induced Renal Dysfunction in Rats
Authors: M. Izzulara Batoul b , Tousson Ehab , I. Abdo Nabiha , M. Beltagy Doha
Published: April 2022

Lead nanoparticles (Pb-NPs) are used in different industrial aspects with potential risk in human health. The current work aimed to appreciate the therapeutic rocket seeds extract effect on against renal toxicity stimulated by (Pb-NPs) via estimation of kidney functions and electrolytes with different histological and immunological studies. Pb-NPs were synthesized by biocompatible chemical coprecipitation of Pb2+ and glucose as a reducing agent. These nanoparticles have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Pb-NPs have a relatively cubic shape with diameter about 16 nm. The study was performed on 60 male albino rats distributed into four groups (control, rocket- seeds extract, Pb-NPs, and treated) The results demonstrated the toxic effects of Pb-NPs via the destruction of the renal cell resulted in significant elevations of urea and creatinine concentrations which affected on electrolyte hemostasis. The rocket seed extract administration showed beneficial curative effects against renal toxicity induced by Pb-NPs exposure. Rocket seeds extract administration showed regression of the kidney functions and improvement of electrolytes hemostasis. These result were indicated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis
Evaluating the Therapeutic Effects of Wet Cupping (Al-Hijamah) on Hematological Parameters, Kidney Function Tests and Lipid Profile in Adult Women
Authors: Aziz Ahmed Khaled Abdul- , AL-Sanabra Ola , Haidar Amal , Eskander Sahar , Al-qiari Belqees , Hamzah Aqdar , Mahdi Samah , Al-Assi Ghada
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of wet cupping in improving the kidney function tests, hematological parameters and lipid profile in adult women. Blood samples were collected and used for measuring uric acid, creatinine, urea, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and complete blood cell (CBC) counts. The necessary calculations were done to estimate the unmeasured parameters. The study subjects for body mass index showed that most of these women were overweight to obese. After about 2 weeks of doing wet cupping, 92% of the individuals were feeling good as compared with their condition before performing of wet cupping. The results have shown a significantly increased in the percentage of lymphocytes and platelets count due to blood cupping. Alongside, the results have revealed that creatinine and urea levels were significantly reduced post-cupping as compared to values seen in pre-cupping. Additionally, statistical significant reduction was observed in the triglyceride levels and triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol and LDL/HDL-cholesterol ratios in the women after cupping in comparison to that seen cupping. It can be concluded that wet cupping as a one of the traditional medicine can be safely used for reducing the risks of kidney disorders and cardiovascular diseases risks.
Clinical outcome in total hip arthroplasty for septic sequelae in childhood
Authors: Malhotra Rajesh , Batra Sahil , Sugumar PonAravindhan A. , Gautam Deepak
Published: April 2022

Aims

Adult patients with history of childhood infection pose a surgical challenge for total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to distorted bony anatomy, soft-tissue contractures, risk of reinfection, and relatively younger age. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine clinical outcome, reinfection rate, and complications in patients with septic sequelae after THA.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted of 91 cementless THAs (57 male and 34 female) performed between 2008 and 2017 in patients who had history of hip infection during childhood. Clinical outcome was measured using Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel (MAP) score, and quality of life (QOL) using 12-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-12) components: Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS); limb length discrepancy (LLD) and radiological assessment of the prosthesis was performed at the latest follow-up. Reinfection and revision surgery after THA for any reason was documented.

Results

There was significant improvement in HHS, Modified Merle d’Aubigne Postel hip score, and QOL index SF 12-PCS and MCS (p < 0.001) and there was no case of reinfection reported during the follow-up. The minimum follow-up for the study was three years with a mean of 6.5 (SD 2.3; 3 to 12). LLD decreased from a mean of 3.3 cm (SD 1) to 0.9 cm (SD 0.8) during follow-up. One patient required revision surgery for femoral component loosening. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated revision-free survivorship of 100% at the end of five years and 96.9% (95% confidence interval 79.8 to 99.6) at the end of ten years.

Conclusion

We found that cementless THA results in good to excellent functional outcomes in patients with a prior history of childhood infection. There is an exceedingly low rate of risk of reinfection in these patients, even though complications are not uncommon. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(4):314–320.
Articulating Nomadic Identities of Radio Signals
Authors: Savić Selena
Published: April 2022

This article presents a new materialist approach to artificial neural networks, based on experimental research in categorization of data on radio signals. Picking up on Rossi Braidotti’s nomadic theory and a number of new materialist perspectives on informatics, the article presents identification of radio signals as a process of articulating identities with data: nomadic identities that are informed by all the others, always established anew. As a resistance to the dominant understanding of data as discreet, the experiments discussed here demonstrate a way to work with a digital archive in a materialist and non-essentialist way. The output of experiments, data observatories, shows the capacity of machine learning techniques to challenge fixed dichotomies, such as human/nature, and their role in the way we think of identities. A data observatory is a navigation apparatus which can be used to orient oneself in the vast landscape of data on radio transmissions based on computable similarity. Nomadic identities render materiality of radio signals as digital information.
Algorithmic Kinning
Authors: Klumbytė Goda
Published: April 2022

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Stoniness
Authors: Heinicker Paul , Parnow Jonas
Published: April 2022

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Review of the Book: Ways of Following: Art, Materiality, Collaboration (Kontturi, Katve-Kaisa, 2018)
Authors: Neumark Norie
Published: April 2022

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Review of the Book: Theory of the Object (Nail, Thomas, 2021)
Authors: Kroulík Milan
Published: April 2022

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Revisión teórica sobre la relación entre variables psicológicas, neuropsicológicas y pedagógicas en el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje con niños y jóvenes entre los 9 y los 14 años
Authors: Atehortúa Vélez Maribel Regina , Montoya Zuluaga Paula Andrea
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: El propósito de este artículo de revisión es analizar, a partir de la evidencia empírica obtenida en trabajos investigativos previos, no solo la existencia de una relación, sino también conocer la misma entre variables como la personalidad del docente, algunas de las estrategias de aprendizaje (cognitivas y metacognitivas), la motivación y la memoria de trabajo con el rendimiento académico obtenido en niños con edades entre los 9 y 14 años. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión documental en diferentes bases de datos, estimando como criterio de inclusión que cada investigación estableciera relaciones o explicaciones entre las variables previamente mencionadas. Resultados: Se encontró que la personalidad en el docente podría mediar la motivación extrínseca de los estudiantes, siendo esta de gran relevancia no solo para el establecimiento de metas según resultados académicos esperados, sino también responsable de seleccionar estrategias de aprendizaje cognitivas (repetición, elaboración y organización) y metacognitivas (pensamiento crítico y autorregulación) que podrían maximizar los recursos con que cuenta el desempeño en la memoria de trabajo para obtener un mejor rendimiento académico. Conclusiones: Debido a la relación que se puede encontrar en la literatura científica de manera fragmentada entre las variables mencionadas anteriormente con el rendimiento académico, se observa la necesidad de validar factores desde la neuropsicología, la psicología y la pedagogía que puedan relacionarse con este para el mejoramiento de los procesos de enseñanza/aprendizaje
Proyecto de especificidad curricular para trastornos en el espectro autista: una experiencia en Latinoamérica
Authors: Granana Nora , Salas Pamela , Vidal Lucila , Campanella Silvia , Valdez Daniel
Published: April 2022

Los niños con trastornos en el espectro autista (TEA), necesitan una enseñanza explícita, declarativa, por sus modos diferentes de procesar la información. El objetivo del proyecto fue desarrollar un programa educativo individualizado para alumnos con autismo, capacitar  para la especialización teórico-practica a los docentes involucrados en equipos de toda una provincia y establecer un sistema de evaluación de contenidos tanto para los alumnos como para la especificidad en la formación docente. METODOS: Se estableció una comisión curricular para el desarrollo del programa de enseñanza, un curso teórico semanal y una supervisión en servicio práctica, de frecuencia mensual de los equipos docentes  de toda la provincia. Se completó con un diseño de boletín de calificaciones para los alumnos, de los contenidos del currículum específico. Para los docentes y equipos técnicos, se valoró con un examen final y encuestas, sobre los aprendizajes recibidos. RESULTADOS: Fue posible aplicar la especificidad curricular en el proceso de inclusión educativa en los alumnos a lo largo de un año. Los docentes aprobaron en su totalidad el curso de capacitación y se obtuvieron las encuestas de satisfacción favorables a los aprendizajes incorporados en relación a la especialización curricular. Fue posible el cambio conceptual en los profesionales, en relación a la especificidad del aprendizaje de los alumnos con TEA.
La enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura en Argentina
Authors: Fonseca Liliana
Published: April 2022

Introducción: La adquisición del lenguaje escrito es posible debido a una serie de habilidades complejas que se han desarrollado a partir del lenguaje oral y la visión, que se han ido modificando a partir de la exposición a esta herramienta cultural. Los seres humanos inventaron la lectura hace apenas unos milenios, y este invento modificó la propia organización de su cerebro, lo que amplió su capacidad de pensar. Sin embargo, una gran cantidad de niños y adolescentes en Argentina no aprenden a leer o a comprender textos, y esto no puede atribuirse exclusivamente a aspectos intrínsecos a ellos, sino especialmente a factores educacionales, culturales o socioeconómicos. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en realizar una revisión de investigaciones significativas sobre el cerebro lector, desarrolladas a partir de las neurociencias que deberían impactar en las propuestas educativas. También se realiza una descripción del estado de situación respecto a la alfabetización y a los resultados obtenidos por los estudiantes argentinos en el área de prácticas del lenguaje en cuanto a pruebas nacionales e internacionales y un análisis de los mismos. Conclusiones: La pandemia y la suspensión de clases presenciales dejó al descubierto la heterogeneidad del sistea educativo argentino y la inequidad en la distribución de recursos. Es necesario replantear los métodos de enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura a partir de la evidencia científica, buscando impactar en los diseños curriculares y la formación de los docentes.
Memorias del futuro: la externalización fronteriza de la Unión Europea hacia Cabo Verde en el aura de la descolonización
Authors: Kramsch Olivier
Published: April 2022

Gran parte de la literatura existente sobre la externalización de las fronteras externas de la Unión Europea presupone la UE como actor exclusivo. Aquella posición invisibiliza las formas en que países receptores han externalizado sus fronteras por su propia cuenta, sobretodo en  el momento crucial de la descolonización. Después de recorrer la literatura actual sobre la externalización de las fronteras de la UE, analizamos cómo los movimientos independentistas caboverdeanos de los años 1960s y 1970s intentaron articular una orientación no-nacional hacía la soberanía por medio de luchas internacionales intensas a lo largo del imperio portugues y el mundo socialista. El artículo sugiere que el legado anti-colonial y globalmente diaspórico de Cabo Verde sigue generando un aura poscolonial que planea pesadamente sobre los esfuerzos administrativos actuales de la UE en gobernar su frontera externa en y alrededor de las islas. Se propone que el género más apropiado para captar el futuro fronterizo de las islas caboverdeanas es el de la ciencia-ficción utópica.
Ultra-narrow-linewidth DFB laser array based on dual-cavity feedback
Authors: Lan Tianyi , Cao Zhewei , Huang Ligang , Li Yujia , Li Fuhui , Jiang Lidan , Iroegbu Paul Ikechukwu , Dang Laiyang , Gao Qirui , Liang Lei , Mei Kun , Fu Sen , Yin Guolu , Zhu Tao
Published: April 2022

Herein, we propose a structure to simultaneously compress the distributed feedback (DFB) laser array’s linewidth. The proposed structure is meticulously designed to ensure single longitudinal mode operation via the interference phenomenon between the laser’s primary cavity and the dual-cavity feedback. Given the weak feedback effect for each wavelength in the laser array, the proposed structure could realize the intense compression of the laser linewidths. The study results show that the side-mode suppression ratios of each DFB laser are over 40 dB, and the linewidths have been compressed from 3 MHz to ∼800 Hz. Thus, we believe the idea of an overall compression linewidth scheme in the present study can be adopted for integrated laser arrays.
Amplification of 20 orbital angular momentum modes based on a ring-core Yb-doped fiber
Authors: Ou Nanxian , Tu Jiajing , Wen Tianjin , Li Wei , Gao Shecheng , Du Cheng , Zhou Ji , Zhang Bin , Sui Qi , Liu Weiping , Li Zhaohui
Published: April 2022

An orbital angular momentum (OAM) fiber amplifier supporting 20 OAM modes based on a ring-core Yb-doped fiber (RC-YDF) is proposed and demonstrated. The RC-YDF we designed and fabricated has two successive Yb-doped annular layers in the ring-core and can support the amplification of OAM (|l|=1, 2, 3, 4, 5) modes at the wavelength of 1064 nm. With a core pump configuration, we characterize the amplification performance of the RC-YDF based amplifier by simulation and experiments. The amplification of each supported OAM mode is proved by the achieved gain of more than 8 dB and a low differential modal gain less than 1dB with an input signal power of about 5dBm. This is the first experimental demonstration, as far as we know, of the amplification of the OAM mode from 1- to 5-order in aYb-doped fiber.
Flexible transparent CMUT arrays for photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Ghavami Mahyar , Ilkhechi Afshin Kashani , Zemp Roger
Published: April 2022

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of the first flexible transparent capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT) array for through-illumination photoacoustic tomography. Fabricated based on an adhesive wafer bonding technique and a PDMS backfill approach, the array has a maximum transparency of 67% in visible light range and can be bent to a radius of curvature of less than 5 mm without the structural layers being damaged. With a center frequency of 3.5 MHz, 80% fractional bandwidth, and noise equivalent pressure (NEP) of 62 mPa/

H
z

, the array was successfully used in limited-view photoacoustic tomography of a 100 µm wire target, demonstrating lateral and axial resolutions of 293 µm and 382 µm, respectively, with 46 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, deep tissue photoacoustic tomography was also demonstrated on a blood tube within a chicken tissue using the fabricated CMUT arrays.
The expression of virulence genes increases membrane permeability and sensitivity to envelope stress in Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Sobota Malgorzata , Rodilla Ramirez Pilar Natalia , Cambré Alexander , Rocker Andrea , Mortier Julien , Gervais Théo , Haas Tiphaine , Cornillet Delphine , Chauvin Dany , Hug Isabelle , Julou Thomas , Aertsen Abram , Diard Médéric
Published: April 2022

Virulence gene expression can represent a substantial fitness cost to pathogenic bacteria. In the model entero-pathogenSalmonellaTyphimurium (S.Tm), such cost favors emergence of attenuated variants during infections that harbor mutations in transcriptional activators of virulence genes (e.g.,hilDandhilC). Therefore, understanding the cost of virulence and how it relates to virulence regulation could allow the identification and modulation of ecological factors to drive the evolution ofS.Tm toward attenuation. In this study, investigations of membrane status and stress resistance demonstrate that the wild-type (WT) expression level of virulence factors embedded in the envelope increases membrane permeability and sensitizesS.Tm to membrane stress. This is independent from a previously described growth defect associated with virulence gene expression inS.Tm. Pretreating the bacteria with sublethal stress inhibited virulence expression and increased stress resistance. This trade-off between virulence and stress resistance could explain the repression of virulence expression in response to harsh environments inS.Tm. Moreover, we show that virulence-associated stress sensitivity is a burden during infection in mice, contributing to the inherent instability ofS.Tm virulence. As most bacterial pathogens critically rely on deploying virulence factors in their membrane, our findings could have a broad impact toward the development of antivirulence strategies.
Incidence of lab-confirmed dengue fever in a pediatric cohort in Delhi, India
Authors: Sinha Bireshwar , Goyal Nidhi , Kumar Mohan , Choudhary Aashish , Arya Alok , Revi Anitha , Dutta Ankita , More Deepak , Rongsen-Chandola Temsunaro
Published: April 2022

Background

Our aim was to estimate the overall and age-specific incidence of lab-confirmed dengue fever using ELISA based assays among children 6 months to 15 years in Delhi.

Methods

We enrolled a cohort of 984 children aged 6 months to <14 years in South Delhi and followed-up weekly for fever for 24 months or till 15 completed years of child-age. Households of the enrolled children were geo-tagged. NS1, IgM and IgG assays were conducted using ELISA method to confirm dengue fever in children with ≥3 consecutive days of fever. Molecular typing was done in a subset of NS1 positive cases to identify the circulating serotypes.

Principal findings

We had a total of 1953 person-years (PY) of follow up. Overall, there were 4208 episodes of fever with peaks during June to November. The overall incidence (95%CI) of fever was 215/100 PY (209 to 222). A total of 74/1250 3-day fever episodes were positive for acute dengue fever (NS1 and/or IgM positive). The overall incidence (95%CI) of acute dengue fever was 37.9 (29.8 to 47.6) per 1000 PY; highest among children aged 5 to 10 years (50.4 per 1000 PY, 95% CI 36.5 to 67.8). Spatial autocorrelation analysis suggested a clustering pattern for the dengue fever cases (Moran’s Index 0.35, z-score 1.8, p = 0.06). Dengue PCR was positive in 16 of the 24 specimens tested; DEN 3 was the predominant serotype identified in 15/24 specimens.

Conclusions

We found a high incidence of dengue fever among under 15-year children with clustering of cases in the community. DEN 3 was the most commonly circulating strain encountered. The findings underscore the need for development of affordable pre-vaccination screening strategy as well as newer dengue vaccines for young children while continuing efforts in vector control.
“It is really just brilliant to get credits for something that is so important to you!” Skills for Life: University students’ perceptions of a planned dietary life skills course
Authors: Valand Ida Ulrikke , Øverby Nina C. , Strömmer Sofia , Barker Mary , Bjornes Camilla , Nordli Julie , Pettersen Line , Bjørkkjær Tormod , Vik Frøydis N. , Kiland Charlotte , Hillesund Elisabet R.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Universities have a role in educating and empowering students to become healthy and literate citizens of the 21st century society. The aim of this study was to explore university students’ perceptions regarding the relevance and utility of a planned dietary life skills course.

Design

Qualitative design including focus group discussions.

Setting

A Norwegian university with participating undergraduate students from seven different disciplines.

Method

Data collection included 13 semi-structured focus group discussions involving 57 university students (35 women and 22 men aged 18–38 years). The focus group discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. To ensure in-depth knowledge of the research participants’ thoughts and reflections, thematic analysis strategy was undertaken by a team of researchers.

Results

When presented to the idea of a dietary life skills course as a university course, the students were mostly positive regarding its relevance and utility, however both motivators and barriers for attending were put forward. Some mentioned potential academic course benefits, such as enhanced CV, and a few mentioned potential societal benefits such as a healthy population and sustainable food consumption. Several motivators for attending the course were launched, such as increased knowledge and cooking skills, having dinner and expanded network. The students wanted to learn about food, nutrients and health, and how to cook simple, affordable, healthy and sustainable meals. Potential barriers for attending were mostly related to practicalities, such as potential lack of alignment with ordinary study programme or too demanding lectures.

Conclusion

Most students acknowledged the value of a dietary life skills course and thought that such a course could benefit their personal life. This encourages the offering of such courses at university level, tailored to consider both motivators and barriers for attending.