bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Rare Earth Filling Ethylene‐Allene Monomer Rubber Composite
Authors: Wu Jianyu , Liu Jianjun , Qi Jianlei , Zhang Yinmin , Dong Lei , Wang Yanping
Published: October 2024

Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber is used in critical sectors such as national defense, military, and aerospace. However, it has performance limitations under high temperatures, affecting its dynamic mechanical properties, creep, and stress relaxation. To overcome these limitations, rare earth cerium oxide (CeO2) was incorporated as a filler into EPDM in this study, which enhances its properties and makes it suitable for the demanding applications. It could be seen that the CeO2‐enriched EPDM has significantly improved mechanical characteristics at elevated temperatures. The Young's modulus of CeO2‐enriched EPDM increased by about 100 %, while the energy storage modulus reaches a maximum increase of around 140 % at 165 °C. The addition of CeO2 improves its damping properties, provides better creep and stress relaxation resistance, and results in greater residual strain recovery. At room temperature, the impact on the stress relaxation rate at 50 % strain is minimal for the material EPDM, and it is almost negligible for the material EPDM/CeO2.These findings demonstrate that CeO2‐enriched EPDM has enhanced performance under high‐temperature conditions. Under elevated temperature conditions, EPDM enriched with CeO2 exhibits enhanced mechanical properties, superior creep resistance, and stable stress relaxation behavior, rendering it more adept at withstanding the rigorous conditions encountered in aerospace applications.
Tandem Oxidative Reaction for the Synthesis of 1,6‐Naphthyridones
Authors: Cheng Dongping , Wang Yawei , Guo Chengzhi , Xu Xiaoliang
Published: October 2024

A tandem oxidative reaction of pyridinones and 1,3‐diarylpropenes is disclosed. The reaction undergoes oxidative coupling mediated by 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ), and subsequent intramolecular cyclization and dehydro‐aromatization catalyzed by Cu(OTf)2/bis(tert‐butyl)peroxide (DTBP). A series of 1,6‐naphthyridones are obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
Chiral Organic Salt Supported Pd Nanoparticles as Selective Heterogeneous Catalysts of Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Kuznetsova Svetlana A. , Yunusov Safar M. , North Michael , Zhereb Vladimir P. , Khakina Ekaterina A. , Naumkin Alexander , Lobanov Nikolai N. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Chusov Denis , Kalyuzhnaya Elena S. , Ilyin Mikhail M. , Morozov Viacheslav V. , Kashin Alexey S. , Ezernitskaya Mariam G. , Belokon Yuri N.
Published: October 2024

In this study, we report the synthesis of a new type of chiral crystalline organic porous salt CF2 derived from the ionic reaction between tetrakis(4‐sulfophenyl)methane (TSPM) and the tetra‐(S)‐prolylamide of tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)methane, (S)‐TPPM, and its ability to stabilize 2 nm palladium nanoparticles to give a novel, nonpyrophoric, chiral, catalytic material Pd@CF2. The preparation of the catalyst was very simple and conducted in water. The heterogeneous catalytic performance of Pd@CF2 was tested in hydrogen reductions of olefins and substituted nitroaromatic compounds using Pd/C as a comparison to determine the specific features of the novel catalyst. Although both types of catalysts exhibited similar catalytic activity in case of reductions of diphenylacetylene and nitrobenzene, Pd@CF2 predominantly promoted the reduction of p‐nitrobenzaldehyde to p‐aminobenzyl alcohol whereas Pd/C gave p‐toluidine. The reduction of p‐dinitrobenzene led to predominant formation of p‐nitrophenylhydroxylamine if promoted by the novel catalyst and to a mixture of products if promoted by Pd/C. In addition, the introduction of p‐alkoxy groups onto nitrobenzenes slowed down the reduction with Pd@CF2 but had no influence on Pd/C activity. A hypothesis ascribing these observations to dissimilar equilibrium distributions of nitro and polar groups within the organic framework and the palladium metal surface is proposed to rationalize the selectivity of the novel catalytic material.
Regeneration of a Fire‐Resistant Fluid‐Fouled Strong Base Anion Resin using a Caustic Solution with Citric Acid as a Surfactant
Authors: Seth Dipravath Kumar , Datta Sayanti
Published: October 2024

Fire Resistant Fluid (FRF), used in turbine governing systems, transforms during operation, forming substituted phenol and phosphoric acid. The use of strong Base Anion Resin (SBA resin) to reduce the Total Acid Number (TAN) of FRF is widespread. However, the regeneration of these oil‐fouled resins is crucial due to their high cost and the challenges associated with their environmental disposal. In this study, we present a novel method for recovering exhausted resin by treating it with an aqueous solution of citric acid, followed by regeneration with a caustic soda solution. We optimized the recovery percentage in the ion exchange capacity by testing varying concentrations of the citric acid solution under different reaction conditions. The highest recovery of ion exchange capacity achieved was 55 % after soaking for 16 hours in a 5 % citric acid solution, followed by regeneration with a 5 % NaOH solution. The efficacy of citric acid in this research was further explored through a Density Functional Theory (DFT) study. This study is significant as it is the first to demonstrate the successful regeneration of oil‐fouled resins with high ion exchange capacity using citric acid, a more environmentally friendly and cost‐effective alternative.
Design and Synthesis of Ester Linked 1,2,3‐Triazole Quinoline Derivatives with Pancreatic β Cells Protective Activity against Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress for Better Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kulkarni Netra D. , Chavan Abhijit , Mhaske Pravin , Modak Manisha
Published: October 2024

Unresolved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress lead to the pathogenesis of type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Connecting links between the ER stress and oxidative stress pathways might play an important role in treatment and pathogenesis of diabetes. Here, we used network pharmacology approach to find the target proteins linking the ER stress and oxidative stress pathways. CHOP emerged as a hub protein from our results and was targeted by 16 newly designed and synthesized ester linked 1,2,3‐triazole quinoline derivatives by molecular docking. Drug likeliness prediction studies revealed all compounds as good druggable candidates. Compounds 5b (R = H, R1 = F), 5j (R = CH3, R1 = F), 5m (R = OCH3, R1 = H), and 5n (R = OCH3, R1 = F) were found to have considerable binding energies and active site amino acid interactions with CHOP. We further showed that compounds 5b, 5m, and 5n exhibited low toxicity with more than 50% cell survival and low IC50 values. These were therefore subjected to evaluate their effects on ER stress and oxidative stress. Finally, compound 5n (R = OCH3, R1 = F) was found to alleviate ER stress and is also a good antioxidant. Identification of such targets and compounds effective in improving ER stress and oxidative stress may provide new insights in the development of therapies and management of T2DM.
A Concise Formal Total Synthesis of (±)‐Laurokamurene B and (±)‐β‐Cuparenone
Authors: Srivastava Amit Kumar , Ravikumar Muttineni , Babu Reddigunta Ramesh
Published: October 2024

The study describes a concise four‐step formal total synthesis of racemic (±)‐laurokamurene B, a sesquiterpene with a rearranged laurene carbon framework. This method also extends to the formal total synthesis of β‐cuparenone. Compared with previously reported laurokamurene B's syntheses, our approach significantly reduces the total number of reaction steps by leveraging the known scaffolds as the key concept. Optimized esterification for the generation of appropriately substituted cinnamate esters, one‐pot polyphosphoric acid (PPA) mediated fragmentation followed by Friedel–Crafts acylation, and intramolecular cyclization led to the efficient construction of pivotal intermediate 3‐arylcyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one with a quaternary center; subsequent α‐methylation and reductive deoxygenation resulted into the marine natural product (±)‐laurokamurene B. Additionally, β‐methylation and deoxygenation of the obtained key 3‐arylcyclopente‐2‐en‐1‐one intermediate could also serve for the formal total synthesis of (±)‐β‐cuparenone in the shortest approach.
Effect of Al and Zn on Oxygen Evolution Reaction of (FeCoNiMnCu)3O3.2
Authors: Zhang Qi , You Junhua , Zhao Yao , Yi Baolin , Ren Yinglei
Published: October 2024

Because of its low cost and abundant sources, hydrogen serves as a clean energy alternative capable of successfully substituting fossil fuels. A highly efficient method for generating hydrogen energy currently is by the electrolysis of water. The oxygen‐extraction reaction (OER), a component of water electrolysis, requires a complex chemical pathway that involves multiproton and multielectron interactions. To enhance reaction efficiency in the OER process, catalysts are crucial; thus, the search for high‐performance, cost‐effective catalysts is underway. This experimental study involved the enhancement of the five‐membered high‐entropy oxide (FeCoNiMnCu)3O3.2 by incorporating a sixth group element (Zn, Al). The organization, morphology, and OER properties were analyzed following the preparation utilizing a mechanical ball milling process. A series of rock salt‐type hexagonal high entropy oxides with differing ball milling durations were synthesized to investigate the influence of the production method on the surface shape and catalytic properties of high entropy oxides. The results indicated that the single‐phase rock salt structure of (FeCoNiMnCuAl)3O3.5, a high‐entropy oxide, exhibited significantly altered diffraction peaks, hence improving OER performance. Optimization of the preparation technique revealed that a 72‐h ball milling duration resulted in an overpotential of merely 293 mV and an electrochemically active surface area approximately double that of the other milling durations.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks as a Carrier for Nanodrugs with Host–Guest Interaction for Smart Wound Dressing Applications
Authors: Moeinipour Alieh , Afkhami Abbas , Madrakian Tayyebeh
Published: October 2024

This study introduces surface modification to conventional dressings utilizing adducts of a hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) with curcumin, curcumin–silver, curcumin‐zinc oxide nanoparticles, and citric acid drugs. Accordingly, eight HOF‐AMs and dressings modified with them were studied. The synthesized structures underwent characterization using various methods, including IR, 1H NMR, XRD, FE‐SEM, and EDX. FE‐SEM results show that the hexagonal morphology is maintained along with the crystal growth in the form of hexagonal tubes. In order to confirm the nanoscale nature of the structures, TEM analysis was conducted specifically for curcumin‐Ag nanoparticles and curcumin–ZnO nanoparticles which confirms the particle size smaller than 50 nm. Knowing the sensitivity of the release of the incorporated substances to temperature and pH, the controlled release of the drugs at two different temperatures (37 °C and 40 °C) and pH levels of 5.5, 7.4, and 9 at the modified dressings was investigated. Investigating the release of HOF‐AMs particles and modified dressings indicates that these products in both cases provide the possibility of drug release in alkaline and acidic pHs. Also, the results showed that increasing the temperature increases the release of curcumin particles in all its types. The modified dressings showed a loading capacity of more than 50 mg g−1.
Iodine‐DMSO Catalyzed β‐carboline Derivative Chemoselective Fluorescent Molecule for Detection of Fluoride and Cyanide Anion
Authors: Gosavi Nilesh M. , Zalmi Geeta A. , Gaikwad Sunil V. , A L Shaikh Salman , Gaikwad Milind. V. , Nikam Latesh K. , Bhosale Sheshanath V
Published: October 2024

In this work, a simple and highly sensitive fluorescent receptor 1‐(p‐tolyl)‐4,9‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indole (receptor 1), has been synthesized for the detection of fluoride and cyanide ions. The receptor 1 was very selective towards fluoride and cyanide anions over other anions such as Cl−, Br−, I−, HSO4−, NO3−, HPO42−, and OAc−. Synthesized receptor 1 shows low detection limits 3.29 × 10−8 M for fluoride ion, which was determined by UV–vis absorption. While LOD for cyanide was observed to be 61.5 nM. Importantly, while, receptor 1 produced binding constant for fluoride and cyanide in DMSO‐H2O (1:9, v/v) was found to be 5 × 10−4M−1 and 3.28 × 10−5 M−1, respectively. The variation in the optical and fluorescence spectroscopy confirms the formation of N─H⋯F− and N─H⋯CN− hydrogen bond of the pyrrolic proton The sensing mechanism displayed by receptor 1 for fluoride and cyanide ions was confirmed by 1H‐NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopic along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Solution with the fluoride and cyanide ions in DMSO‐H2O (1:9, v/v) shows a color change from light yellow to blue under UV light and yellow to colorless in visible light.
Advancements in cobalt‐based oxide catalysts for soot oxidation: Enhancing catalytic performance through modification and morphology control
Authors: Zhao Tingyi , Song Zuguo , Wu Chengchun , Li Yuanjun , Li Haoze , Wei Yuechang , Yao Siyu , Xiao Menglan , Zhao Mingqin , Cui Bing
Published: October 2024

The widespread use of diesel engines results in significant environmental contamination due to emitted pollutants, particularly soot particles. These pollutants are detrimental to public health. At present, one of the most effective ways to remove soot particles is the catalytic diesel particulate filter after‐treatment technology, which requires the catalyst to have superior low temperature activity. Compared with cerium oxide which is widely used, cobalt oxide in transition metal oxides has been widely studied in recent years because of its high redox ability and easy to control morphology. This paper elaborates on the influence of modification techniques such as doping, loading, and solid solution on the catalytic performance of cobalt‐based catalysts in soot oxidation. Along the same lines, it further reviews the research progress on cobalt‐based oxide catalysts with specific dimensional structures and morphologies in soot oxidation. Finally, it provides an outlook on the challenges faced by the theoretical basis and applied research of cobalt‐based catalysts in soot oxidation.
Inside Ceramics and Between MgO Grains: Solid‐State Synthesis of Intergranular Semiconducting or Magnetic Spinels
Authors: Schwab Thomas , Aicher Korbinian , Zickler Gregor A. , Reissner Michael , Diwald Oliver
Published: October 2024

Configurations of composite metal oxide nanoparticles are typically far off their thermodynamic equilibrium state. As such they represent a versatile but so far overlooked source material for the intergranular solid‐state chemistry inside ceramics. Here, it is demonstrated how the admixture of Fe3+ and In3+ ions to MgO nanoparticles, as achieved by flame spray pyrolysis, can be used to engage ion exsolution, phase separation, and subsequent spinel formation inside the network of diamagnetic and insulating MgO grains. Extremely high uniformity in the distribution of intergranular ferrimagnetic MgFe2O4 films and grains with resulting magnetic coercivity values that depend on the nanoparticles’ initial Fe3+ concentration is achieved. Moreover, percolating networks of semiconducting MgIn2O4 are derived from MgO nanoparticles with admixtures of 20 at% In3+ that gives rise to an enhancement of dc conductivity values by more than five orders of magnitude in comparison to the insulating MgO host. The here presented approach is general and applicable to the synthesis of a variety of functional spinel nanostructures embedded inside ceramic matrices. Nanoparticle loading with aliovalent impurity ions, the level of nanoparticle powder density after compaction, and sintering temperature are key parameters for this novel type of solid‐state chemistry in between the host grains.
Epitaxial Thin Film Growth on Recycled SrTiO3 Substrates Toward Sustainable Processing of Complex Oxides
Authors: Shen Jianan , Quigley Lizabeth , Barnard James P. , Lu Ping , Tsai Benson Kunhung , Zemlyanov Dmitry , Zhang Yizhi , Sheng Xuanyu , Gan Jeremy , Moceri Matteo , Hu Zedong , Huang Jialong , Shen Chao , Deitz Julia , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan
Published: October 2024

Complex oxide thin films cover a range of physical properties and multifunctionalities that are critical for logic, memory, and optical devices. Typically, the high‐quality epitaxial growth of these complex oxide thin films requires single crystalline oxide substrates such as SrTiO3 (STO), MgO, LaAlO3, a‐Al2O3, and many others. Recent successes in transferring these complex oxides as free‐standing films not only offer great opportunities in integrating complex oxides on other devices, but also present enormous opportunities in recycling the deposited substrates after transfer for cost‐effective and sustainable processing of complex oxide thin films. In this work, the surface modification effects introduced on the recycled STO are investigated, and their impacts on the microstructure and properties of subsequently grown epitaxial oxide thin films are assessed and compared with those grown on the pristine substrates. Detailed analyses using high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and geometric phase analysis demonstrate distinct strain states on the surfaces of the recycled STO versus the pristine substrates, suggesting a pre‐strain state in the recycled STO substrates due to the previous deposition layer. These findings offer opportunities in growing highly mismatched oxide films on the recycled STO substrates with enhanced physical properties. Specifically, yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12) films grown on recycled STO present different ferromagnetic responses compared to that on the pristine substrates, underscoring the effects of surface modification. The study demonstrates the feasibility of reuse and redeposition using recycled substrates. Via careful handling and preparation, high‐quality epitaxial thin films can be grown on recycled substrates with comparable or even better structural and physical properties toward sustainable process of complex oxide devices.
Further evidence on inflation targeting and income distribution
Authors: Thornton John , Vasilakis Chrysovalantis
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the effect of inflation targeting (IT) on income distribution in a panel of 70 countries. Employing panel regressions and a variety of propensity score matching methods, we find strong evidence that incomes became more unequal in IT‐adopting countries relative to countries that did not adopt IT. Panel regressions suggest that Gini coefficients increased by 0.25%–0.57% and the share of income of the top 1% and 10% of households increased by 0.7% in IT adopter countries. Using propensity score matching methods, IT has been associated with a relative rise in Gini coefficients of about 1–2 percentage points, and a relative increase in the share of national income going to the top 1% and 10% of households by about 11–13 percentage points and 13–17 percentage points, respectively. The results are robust to changes in country sample and alternative estimation methodologies.
Analysis of the Seismic Vulnerability of a Masonry Pagoda Based on Increasing Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Lu Junlong , Jia Xiaoyu , Li Mingdong , Wang Zhenshan , Tian Jianbo
Published: October 2024

For the seismic vulnerability analysis method of masonry pagodas, the dynamic characteristic of the Bayun Pagoda in China was conducted by using environmental excitation technology. A numerical model of the masonry pagoda was established with the finite element software Abaqus. Ten seismic waves were selected as excitation signals to conduct incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) on the pagoda. The Sa(T1,5%) served as the seismic intensity indicator, whereas the damage factor (d) and relative stress () were employed as damage indicators for seismic vulnerability analysis of the pagoda. The failure probability of the structure reaching the limit state under different seismic intensities was determined. The results indicate that, comparing the IDA curves and seismic vulnerability curves under two different damage indicators, the Sa(T1,5%) range required for the IDA curves under the damage factor (d) is smaller than the relative stress (), with lower dispersion. Additionally, the failure probability of the pagoda reaching different limit states is higher under the damage factor (d). Considering the existing damage status of the masonry pagoda, the damage factor (d) is more reasonable as the damage indicator.
Toward a system of gesture–speech relations in elementary science teaching
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Bowcher Wendy L. , Yang Bingjun
Published: October 2024

Although previous research provides insights into how gestures function as a pedagogical tool, relatively little is known about how gesture is related to language, together creating a key meaning‐making teaching resource. Drawing on the system of logico–semantic relations in Systemic Functional Linguistic theory and McNeill's description of gestures, this study examines how gesture is logically and semantically related to the language teachers use in elementary science classrooms. The study is primarily qualitative in nature and uses video recordings as the primary data. The main purpose is to analyze the kind of gesture–speech relations used by elementary science teachers and to develop a system network that describes gesture–speech relations in elementary science teaching. Distribution of the gesture–speech relations shows that some relations are more likely used to teach scientific knowledge, some are more likely used for classroom management, and some are used for both.
Exploration of numerical simulation for unsteady Casson nanofluid thin film flow over stretching surface with mixed convection effects using Buongiorno's nanofluid model
Authors: Saleem Musharafa , Al‐Zubaidi A. , Tufail Muhammad Nazim , Fiaz Zainab , Saleem S.
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on investigating the effects of viscous dissipation, magnetohydrodynmaics (MHD) and mixed convection on Casson nanofluid thin film flow over a vertical stretching surface, considering its unsteady, two‐dimensional nature. The problem is formulated by assuming incompressible flow and employing boundary layer approximations, leading to a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). These PDEs are then transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations. Numerical techniques, facilitated by computational software such as Mathematica, are employed to solve these nonlinear ODEs. The investigation probes into the mathematical analysis of various physical parameters, presenting their effects through graphical representations. The impact of parameters such as concentration Grashof number (Gc), thermal Grashof number (Gr), magnetic parameter (M), unsteadiness parameter (S), dimensionless film thickness (β), and Casson fluid parameter (γ) are examined. The velocity profile exhibits an increase with rising values of Gc and Gr, while it decreases with increasing values of M, S, β, and γ. The results are further elucidated through tabular representations, providing insights into the variations of skin‐friction coefficient, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number with respect to the aforementioned parameters.
Einleitung
Authors: Staub Sabina
Published: October 2024

Dieses Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über den Inhalt und Aufbau der vorliegenden Untersuchung. Zudem wird das zugrundeliegende Erkenntnisinteresse dargestellt und kontextualisiert.
Diskussion
Authors: Staub Sabina
Published: October 2024

In diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine Verschiebung des Fokus von den spezifischen Fallstudien auf eine allgemeine Ebene, um die empirischen Ergebnisse für weitere Forschung und die Praxis nutzbar zu machen. Zu diesem Zweck werden pädagogische Konsequenzen formuliert und Forschungsdesiderate identifiziert. Im Anschluss an die Einordnung der empirischen Ergebnisse erfolgt eine Reflexion des methodischen Vorgehens. Abschließend wird eine Zusammenfassung der gesamten Untersuchung einschließlich eines Ausblicks präsentiert.
Leitlinienempfohlene standardisierte Instrumente bei multipler Sklerose
Authors: Bolte Jasmin , Dilger Elise-Marie , Brütt Anna Levke
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund

Leitlinien sind praxisorientierte Entscheidungshilfen und empfehlen die Verwendung standardisierter Instrumente zur Messung der Funktionsfähigkeit von Menschen mit multipler Sklerose (MS). Inwieweit diese durch die empfohlenen Instrumente erfasst wird, ist allerdings unklar.

Ziel der Arbeit

In dieser Studie werden die Inhalte standardisierter Instrumente, die bei Menschen mit MS eingesetzt werden, mit der Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) abgeglichen, um die Verteilung der Inhalte auf die Funktionsdomänen und Kontextfaktoren zu beschreiben.

Material und Methoden

Eingeschlossen wurden alle Instrumente, die in der S2k-Leitlinie „Diagnose und Therapie der Multiplen Sklerose, Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen und MOG-IgG-assoziierten Erkrankungen“ beschrieben wurden. Die Items der Instrumente wurden inhaltlich analysiert, indem sie in ihre sinnvollen Konzepte („meaningful concepts“ [MC]) eingeteilt und mittels standardisierter Regeln der ICF durch zwei Rater zugeordnet wurden.

Ergebnisse

Die 23 eingeschlossenen Instrumente beinhalten 351 Items und 718 MC. Von diesen konnten 663 MC in der ICF abgebildet werden. 51 % (n = 340 MC) bezogen sich auf Körperfunktionen, 44 % (n = 291 MC) auf Aktivität und Teilhabe und 5 % (n = 32 MC) auf Umweltfaktoren. Das Kapitel Mobilität (d4) war mit n = 201 MC am stärksten in den Instrumenten vertreten. Die Interrater-Reliabilität lag bei k = 0,79.

Diskussion

Die leitlinienempfohlenen Instrumente decken viele Bereiche der ICF ab, jedoch sind die Umweltfaktoren unterrepräsentiert. Die ICF-Verknüpfung erleichtert die Auswahl geeigneter Instrumente für Forschung und Praxis.
Critical machining parameters for large aircraft casing production considering the influence of clamping systems
Authors: González Barrio Haizea , Escudero Gaizka Gómez , Del Olmo Ander , de Pisson Gonzalo Martínez , Marin Felipe , de Lucio Pablo Fernández
Published: October 2024

In recent years, there has been a notable initiation or acceleration in the production of new aeronautical engines. This surge is coupled with a global commitment to reducing emissions and mitigating noise generated by gas turbines used in aeronautical applications. A critical component in this context is the aeronautical casing. The manufacturing process is intricate and time-consuming, compounded by the complexity of the clamping system, which poses a significant challenge to productivity. This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the critical variables essential for the optimal manufacturing of a zero-defects large-scale casing. The examination encompasses design criteria, raw materials, constraints related to clamping systems and tooling, and process monitoring. Ultimately, the exploration extends to the examination of more sustainable manufacturing techniques. To facilitate this, a case study involving the fabrication of a life-size aeronautical casing is undertaken.
Digitale Freihandelszonen: Staatlich unterstützte Plattformisierung und ihre Auswirkungen auf den E-Commerce und Logistiksektor in Malaysia
Authors: Hardaker Sina , Biersack Patrick
Published: October 2024

Die kürzlich in Malaysia und Thailand eröffneten Digitalen Freihandelszonen (Digital Free Trade Zones; DFTZ) sind vor dem Hintergrund globaler wirtschaftlicher Veränderungen und zunehmender Digitalisierung ein markantes Beispiel für die staatlich unterstützte Plattformisierung im E‑Commerce- und Logistiksektor. Diese Entwicklung birgt sowohl Chancen als auch Herausforderungen für Unternehmen, Politik und Planung. Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet zunächst die zugrunde liegende Logistikinfrastruktur der Zonen und erörtert auf Basis von Interviews mit beteiligten Akteuren der malaysischen Freihandelszone die Gründe zur Etablierung der DFTZs sowie die Auswirkungen auf den Einzelhandel und Logistiksektor. In diesem Kontext liefert der Beitrag vertiefte Einblicke in den Einfluss von Alibaba auf den globalen E‑Commerce- und Logistiksektor sowie dessen Rolle als politisches Instrument für die regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung.
Adult mental health outcomes of adolescent depression and co-occurring alcohol use disorder: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Bohman Hannes , Låftman Sara Brolin , Alaie Iman , Ssegonja Richard , Jonsson Ulf
Published: October 2024

Depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are frequently co-occurring in adolescence, which often goes undetected in routine care. While this may potentially compromise treatment effectiveness and lead to a less favourable long-term prognosis, few longitudinal studies have followed this group into adulthood. The aim of this study was to explore the risk for adult depression, anxiety disorders, suicidality, and AUD in adolescents with concurrent depression and AUD. The study was based on the Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study (ULADS), a Swedish prospective cohort study. Diagnostic interviews were conducted in adolescence (age 16-17) and adulthood (around age 30). Adolescents with concurrent depression and AUD (n = 38) were compared with peers having only depression (n = 189) or neither of the conditions (n = 144). Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adolescents with concurrent depression and AUD were more likely than their non-affected peers to experience adult depressive episodes (aOR, 5.33; 95% CI, 2.22–12.83), anxiety disorders (4.05; 1.77–9.27), suicidality (5.37; 2.28–12.66), and AUD (7.68; 2.59–22.81). Notably, 34% of adolescents with both depression and AUD subsequently experienced both these conditions as adults, compared to 7% of adolescents with only depression. Adolescents suffering only from depression were less likely than those with both conditions to experience suicidality (0.44; 0.21–0.95) and AUD in adulthood (0.18; 0.07–0.44). These findings underscore the clinical imperative to identify adolescents with this comorbidity. Recognition of the poor long-term prognosis can inform targeted interventions for this vulnerable group, ultimately improving health and well-being throughout the life course.
Risk and protective factors for mental health problems in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the longitudinal COPSY study
Authors: Zoellner F. , Erhart M. , Napp A.-K. , Reiss F. , Devine J. , Kaman A. , Ravens-Sieberer U.
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound effects on the mental health of children and adolescents worldwide, exacerbating existing challenges and introducing new stressors. This paper explores the impact of risk and protective factors on the mental well-being of young individuals during the pandemic. Using data from the German nationwide, population-based, longitudinal COPSY study (n = 2,471, girls: 50.0%, age 7–17 years) spanning nearly three years, this study investigates how factors such as gender, age, parental education, parental depressive symptoms, family cohesion, and social support influence mental health. Mental health problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Latent growth analysis and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze cross-sectional and longitudinal data collected at five measurement points (initial response rate: 46.8%). Findings revealed that boys and younger children are at a higher risk for mental health problems. Additionally, low parental education, single parenthood, parental burden due to the pandemic and parental depressive symptoms were significantly linked with mental health problems in children. Conversely, personal resources, family cohesion, and social support were associated with less symptoms. Family cohesion additionally buffered against the negative impact of parental depressive symptoms. The study underscores the importance of multi-level interventions that consider individual, familial, and societal factors in promoting positive mental health outcomes among children and adolescents during challenging times. Continued research and collaborative efforts are needed to develop evidence-based strategies for supporting the resilience of young individuals in the face of future adversities.
Early antiplatelet therapy after intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kelani Hesham , Naeem Ahmed , Elhalag Rowan H. , Abuelazm Mohamed , Albaramony Nadia , Abdelazeem Ahmed , El-Ghanem Mohammad , Quinoa Travis R. , Greene-Chandos Diana , Berekashvili Ketevan , Tiwari Ambooj , Kay Arthur D. , Lerner David P. , Merlin Lisa R. , Al-Mufti Fawaz
Published: October 2024

Background

Early neurological deterioration (END) and recurrence of vessel blockage frequently complicate intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Several studies have indicated the potential effectiveness of the early initiation (within < 24 h) of antiplatelet therapy (APT) after IVT. However, conflicting results have been reported by other studies. We aimed to offer a thorough overview of the current literature through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Our systematic review and meta-analysis were prospectively registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023488173) following the PRISMA guidelines. We systematically searched Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Cochrane Library until May 5, 2024. Rayyan. ai facilitated the screening process. The R statistical programming language was used to calculate the odds ratios and conduct a meta-analysis. Our primary outcomes were excellent functional recovery (modified Rankin Scale score 0–1), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality.

Results

Eight studies involving 2,134 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Early APT showed statistically significant increased odds of excellent functional recovery (mRS 0–1) compared to the standard APT group (OR, 1.81; [95% CI: 1.10, 2.98], p = 0.02). However, we found no differences between the early and standard APT groups regarding sICH (OR, 1.74; [95% CI: 0.91, 3.33], p = 0.10) and mortality (OR, 0.88; [95% CI: 0.62, 1.24]; p = 0.47).

Conclusion

Early APT within 24 h of IVT in stroke patients is safe, with no increase in bleeding risk, and has a positive effect on excellent functional recovery. However, there was a statistically insignificant trend of increased sICH with early APT, and the current evidence is based on highly heterogeneous studies. Further large-scale RCTs are warranted.
New LAMBDA toolbox for mixed-integer models: estimation and evaluation
Authors: Massarweh Lotfi , Verhagen Sandra , Teunissen Peter J. G.
Published: October 2024

In this work we introduce the LAMBDA 4.0 toolbox, which provides an enhanced implementation for integer estimation, validation, and success rate evaluation. This free and open-source toolbox is a major update to LAMBDA 3.0 (2012), while it also integrates the functionalities from Ps-LAMBDA 1.0 (2013), thus respectively merging both estimation and evaluation capabilities. The new implementation provides redefined algorithms, such as an improved integer search strategy with a one-order reduction in the computational time, along with additional estimators: Vectorial Integer Bootstrapping (VIB), Integer Aperture Bootstrapping (IAB) and Best Integer Equivariant (BIE). This toolbox aims to become a valuable resource for researchers and/or practitioners dealing with mixed-integer models in high dimensions, e.g., terrestrial-based carrier-phase systems, multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), or other interferometric applications.
The evolution of ageing: classic theories and emerging ideas
Authors: Mc Auley Mark T.
Published: October 2024

Ageing is generally regarded as a non-adaptive by-product of evolution. Based on this premise three classic evolutionary theories of ageing have been proposed. These theories have dominated the literature for several decades. Despite their individual nuances, the common thread which unites them is that they posit that ageing results from a decline in the intensity of natural selection with chronological age. Empirical evidence has been identified which supports each theory. However, a consensus remains to be fully established as to which theory best accounts for the evolution of ageing. A consequence of this uncertainty are counter arguments which advocate for alternative theoretical frameworks, such as those which propose an adaptive origin for ageing, senescence, or death. Given this backdrop, this review has several aims. Firstly, to briefly discuss the classic evolutionary theories. Secondly, to evaluate how evolutionary forces beyond a monotonic decrease in natural selection can affect the evolution of ageing. Thirdly, to examine alternatives to the classic theories. Finally, to introduce a pluralistic interpretation of the evolution of ageing. The basis of this pluralistic theoretical framework is the recognition that certain evolutionary ideas will be more appropriate depending on the organism, its ecological context, and its life history.
Studies on morpho-structure and ionic conductivity of apatite-type lanthanum silicate doped with transitional metal cations
Authors: Perhaita Ioana , Muresan Laura Elena , Borodi Gheorghe , Popa Adriana , Nicoara Adrian , Tudoran Lucian Barbu
Published: October 2024

Oxy-apatite lanthanum silicates with general formula La10Si5.9M0.1O27±δ (M = Cr3+, Mn4+, Fe3+, Mo6+, W6+; 0.05 ≤ δ ≤ 0.1, coded LaSiMO) were obtained by gel-combustion and they were characterized through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The XRD patterns show that all samples adopt apatite structure and crystallize in the hexagonal space group P-3(147) with crystallite sizes ranging from 86 nm to 103 nm. The dopant cations were accommodated at Si position with the highest occupancy factor at O6 sites (responsible in conduction) for LaSiCrO and LaSiFeO apatites. Fe and Cr doped samples contain pure apatite phase while those doped with Mn, Mo, W contain La2SiO5 as secondary phase which act as insulator in conduction process. Based on EPR and ICP-OES investigations we found that Mn, Mo, W cations present multiple oxidation states in the apatite lattice and a lower incorporation degree in comparison with Fe and Cr cations. Local distortions are present in Fe and Cr doped apatite lattices which explains the higher ionic conductivity of these samples. At 500oC, the ionic conductivities, range between 1.15·10− 4 and 3.56·10− 4 S·cm− 1 for samples sintered at 1400oC, values that are higher than un-doped apatite (6.46·10− 5 S·cm− 1). Due to the highest ionic conductivity among the samples, LaSiCrO was additionally sintered at 1500oC and 1600oC in order to investigate the role of temperature on ionic conduction process. The relative density of LaSiCrO was improved from 89.03 to 93.06% and the ionic conductivity reach 0.28·10− 2 S·cm− 1, at 600oC. The results of this study show that apatites doped with Cr and Fe may be used as electrolytes in SOFCs.
Structural investigation and dc conductivity of Bi2O3–B2O3 glasses
Authors: El-Egili K. , Ghazal R.
Published: October 2024

The structure of xBi2O3∙(100–x)B2O3 with (30 ≤ x ≤ 65 mol%) glasses was investigated by FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM and dc conductivity. The factor of four coordinated boron atoms N4 increases up to 50 mol% Bi2O3 then decreases for further increase in Bi2O3 content. FTIR analyses indicate that Bi2O3 heads for creating a matrix of its own rather than modifying the borate matrix and this behavior gradually increases with increasing its concentration in the matrix. There is a linear increase in both experimental density and molar volume values with replacing B2O3 by Bi2O3, moreover a strong correlation between the computed and experimental density and molar volume values could be noticed. XRD patterns confirm that no sharp peaks for untreated samples whereas Bi2O3 crystalline phase appears for heat treated samples. TEM and SEM show the presence of some small phases with different sizes formed of clusters, these phases increase in size and became predominant with heat treatment. The conductivity increases while the activation energy seems to be constant. This rare behavior is interpreted in the light of forming Bi2O3 former matrix.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for C1q Deficiency: A Study on Behalf of the EBMT Inborn Errors Working Party
Authors: Buso Helena , Adam Etai , Arkwright Peter D. , Bhattad Sagar , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Behfar Maryam , Belot Alexandre , Benezech Sarah , Chan Alice Y. , Crow Yanick J. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Flinn Aisling M. , Kapoor Urvi , Lankester Arjan , Kobayashi Masao , Matsumura Risa , Mottaghipisheh Hadi , Okada Satoshi , Ouachee Marie , Parvaneh Nima , Ramprakash Stalin , Satwani Prakash , Sharafian Samin , Triaille Clément , Wynn Robert F. , Movahedi Nasim , Ziaee Vahid , Williams Eleri , Slatter Mary , Gennery Andrew R.
Published: October 2024

C1q deficiency is a rare inborn error of immunity characterized by increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmune manifestations mimicking SLE, with an associated morbidity and mortality. Because C1q is synthesized by monocytes, to date, four patients treated with allogeneic HSCT have been reported, with a positive outcome in three. We conducted an international retrospective study to assess the outcome of HSCT in C1q deficiency. Eighteen patients, fourteen previously unreported, from eleven referral centres, were included. Two patients had two HSCTs, thus 20 HSCTs were performed in total, at a median age of 10 years (range 0.9—19). Indications for HSCT were autoimmune manifestations not controlled by ongoing treatment in seventeen, and early development of MALT lymphoma in one patient. Overall survival (OS) was 71% and event-free survival was 59% at two years (considering an event as acute GvHD ≥ grade III, disease recurrence and death). In eleven patients HSCT led to resolution of autoimmune features and discontinuation of immunosuppressive treatments (follow-up time range 3–84 months). Five patients died due to transplant-related complications. Patients with a severe autoimmune phenotype, defined as neurological and/or renal involvement, had the worst OS (40% vs 84%; p = 0.034). Reviewing data of 69 genetically confirmed C1q deficient patients, we found that anti-Ro antibodies are associated with neurologic involvement, and anti-RNP and anti-DNA antibodies with renal involvement. In conclusion, HSCT may be a valid curative option for C1q deficiency, but careful selection of patients, with an accurate assessment of risk and benefit, is mandatory.
A Consistent Kinetic Fokker–Planck Model for Gas Mixtures
Authors: Pirner Marlies
Published: October 2024

We propose a general multi-species Fokker–Planck model. We prove consistency of our model: conservation properties, positivity of all temperatures, H-Theorem and the shape of equilibrium as Maxwell distributions with the same mean velocity and temperature. Moreover, we derive the usual macroscopic equations from the kinetic two-species BGK model and compute explicitly the exchange terms of momentum and energy.
Revisiting Shimizu et al. (2004): What do we know and what should we know about cross-border mergers and acquisitions?
Authors: Wiedemann Manuel , zu Knyphausen-Aufseß Dodo , Ippendorf Niko
Published: October 2024

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) constitute an important phenomenon due to their volumes, frequencies, and strategic relevance for business practice. Academia has recognized the phenomenon’s importance and compiled a wide spectrum of research. However, to the best of our knowledge, research has not provided a consolidation of recent literature findings particularly focused on cross-border M&A (as opposed to domestic M&A) since the publication of Shimizu et al.’s review in 2004. With this article we intend to close this gap by identifying, categorizing, synthesizing, and integrating recent literature to better understand what we do as well as what we should know about cross-border M&A. Thereby, literature findings are examined and discussed according to three perspectives: cross-border M&A as a (1) market entry mode, (2) dynamic learning process, and (3) value creating strategy. Based on the review, future research needs and opportunities are elaborated, first by directly following the findings from the review of the three research streams, and subsequently by adopting an overarching view that takes into account recent developments in multinational enterprise theory into account and addresses the “grand challenges” currently facing modern societies.
Implementation Science and Pediatric Diabetes: A Scoping Review of the State of the Literature and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Price Julia , Hawkins Jaclynn , Amante Daniel J. , James Richard , Haire-Joshu Debra
Published: October 2024

Purpose of Review

This scoping review aimed to identify implementation science (IS) research in pediatric diabetes, report integration of IS theory and terminology, and offer guidance for future research.

Recent Findings

Of 23 papers identified, 19 were published since 2017 and 21 focused on type 1 diabetes. Most involved medical evidence-based practices (EBPs; n = 15), whereas fewer focused on psychosocial (n = 7) and diabetes education (n = 2). The majority either identified barriers and facilitators of implementing an EBP (n = 11) or were implementation trials (n = 11). Fewer studies documented gaps in EBP implementation in standard care (n = 7) or development of implementation strategies (n = 1). Five papers employed IS theories and two aimed to improve equity.

There is a paucity of IS research in pediatric diabetes care literature. Few papers employed IS theory, used consistent IS terminology, or described IS strategies or outcomes. Guidance for future research to improve IS research in pediatric diabetes is offered.
On Autonomous Superposition Operators in Spaces of $$\mu $$–Almost Periodic Functions and Applications to Linear Differential Equations
Authors: Bugajewski Dariusz , Nawrocki Adam
Published: October 2024

In this article we focus mainly on the class of almost periodic functions in view of the Lebesgue measure (briefly:

$$\mu $$

μ

-a.p. functions) and on some if its subclasses. We are going to deal with autonomous superposition operators acting in the space of

$$\mu $$

μ

-a.p. functions. We will indicate necessary and sufficient conditions under which the autonomous superposition operator maps the space under consideration into itself as well as conditions under which it is continuous. As a corollary from these results we indicate when the autonomous superposition operator defined on that space is a bijection. Next, we will analyse in detail the situation when the composition of

$$\mu $$

μ

-a.p. function with a continuous function or with a homeomorphism gives a Stepanov almost periodic function. As an application of our results we indicate a subclass of

$$\mu $$

μ

-a.p. functions for which linear differential equations with a non-homogeneous term belonging to this subclass may not have

$$\mu $$

μ

-a.p. solutions.