bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Adaptive Spectral Estimation for Vehicle Speed Measurement with Radar Sensors
Authors: Shariff Khairul Khaizi Mohd , Hoare Edward , Daniel Liam , Antoniou Michail , Cherniakov Mikhail
Published: April 2017

Vehicle speed-over-ground (SoG) radar offers significant advantages over conventional speed measurement systems. Radar sensors enable contactless speed measurement, which is free from wheel slip. One of the key issues in SoG radar is the development of the Doppler shift estimation algorithm. In this paper, we compared two algorithms to estimate a mean Doppler frequency accurately. The first is the center-of-mass algorithm, which based on spectrum center-of-mass estimation with a bandwidth-limiting technique. The second is the cross-correlation algorithm, which is based on a cross-correlation technique by cross-correlating Doppler spectrum with a theoretical Gaussian curve. Analysis shows that both algorithms are computationally efficient and suitable for real-time SoG systems. Our extensive simulated and experimental results show both methods achieved low estimation error between 0.5% and 1.5% for flat road conditions. In terms of reliability, the cross-correlation method shows good performance under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) while the center-of-mass method failed in this condition.
The Impact of Estimating High-Resolution Tropospheric Gradients on Multi-GNSS Precise Positioning
Authors: Zhou Feng , Li Xingxing , Li Weiwei , Chen Wen , Dong Danan , Wickert Jens , Schuh Harald
Published: April 2017

Benefits from the modernized US Global Positioning System (GPS), the revitalized Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and the newly-developed Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and European Galileo, multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has emerged as a powerful tool not only in positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT), but also in remote sensing of the atmosphere and ionosphere. Both precise positioning and the derivation of atmospheric parameters can benefit from multi-GNSS observations. In this contribution, extensive evaluations are conducted with multi-GNSS datasets collected from 134 globally-distributed ground stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) network in July 2016. The datasets are processed in six different constellation combinations, i.e., GPS-, GLONASS-, BDS-only, GPS + GLONASS, GPS + BDS, and GPS + GLONASS + BDS + Galileo precise point positioning (PPP). Tropospheric gradients are estimated with eight different temporal resolutions, from 1 h to 24 h, to investigate the impact of estimating high-resolution gradients on position estimates. The standard deviation (STD) is used as an indicator of positioning repeatability. The results show that estimating tropospheric gradients with high temporal resolution can achieve better positioning performance than the traditional strategy in which tropospheric gradients are estimated on a daily basis. Moreover, the impact of estimating tropospheric gradients with different temporal resolutions at various elevation cutoff angles (from 3° to 20°) is investigated. It can be observed that with increasing elevation cutoff angles, the improvement in positioning repeatability is decreased.
An Exonuclease I-Based Quencher-Free Fluorescent Method Using DNA Hairpin Probes for Rapid Detection of MicroRNA
Authors: Ma Changbei , Liu Haisheng , Wu Kefeng , Chen Mingjian , Zheng Liyang , Wang Jun
Published: April 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as biomarkers for the diagnosis of a variety of cancers. Since the currently used methods for miRNA detection have limitations, simple, sensitive, and cost-effective methods for the detection of miRNA are required. This work demonstrates a facile, quencher-free, fluorescence-based analytical method for cost-effective and sensitive detection of miRNA using a super 2-aminopurine (2-AP)-labeled hairpin probe (HP) and exonuclease I activity. Specifically, the fluorescence of 2-AP is strongly quenched when it is incorporated within DNA. In the presence of a target miRNA, HP attains an open conformation by hybridizing with the target miRNA to form a double-stranded structure with a protruding 3′-terminus. Next, the digestion of the protruding 3′-terminus is triggered by exonuclease I, during which 2-AP is released free in solution from the DNA, thereby increasing fluorescence. This method is highly sensitive, with a detection limit of 0.5 nM—10 times lower than a previously reported quencher-free fluorescence method. Furthermore, this method has potential applications in clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.
Proximate Composition, Extraction, and Purification of Theobromine from Cacao Pod Husk (Theobroma Cacao L.)
Authors: Nguyen Van Tang , Nguyen Nghia Huu
Published: April 2017

The aims of this study were to determine the proximate composition of cacao pod husk as well as the optimal conditions for extraction and purification of theobromine from cacao pod husk. The results indicated that cacao pod husk had high contents of moisture and carbohydrate (87.06% and 11.03% by fresh weight, respectively), but low contents of crude protein, crude lipid, and ash (0.31%, 0.12%, and 1.48% by fresh weight, respectively). The optimal conditions for extraction of theobromine from cacao pod husk were of 70% ethanol, with an extraction time of 90 min, and 1 as the number of extractions. A concentration of 10% by volume of 10% lead acetate solution was the best selection for purification of the crude extracts containing theobromine from cacao pod husk. Under these optimal conditions, theobromine content obtained from cacao pod husk was 6.79 mg/100 g dry weight. The finding from this study is a valuable contribution for obtaining theobromine from an abundant, inexpensive, renewable, and sustainable source for potential application in the nutraceutical, medical, and pharmaceutical industries.
Free-Living Amoebae as Hosts for and Vectors of Intracellular Microorganisms with Public Health Significance
Authors: Balczun Carsten , Scheid Patrick
Published: April 2017

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are parasites within both humans and animals causing a wide range of symptoms and act as hosts of, and vehicles for phylogenetically diverse microorganisms, called endocytobionts. The interaction of the FLA with sympatric microorganisms leads to an exceptional diversity within FLA. Some of these bacteria, viruses, and even eukaryotes, can live and replicate intracellularly within the FLA. This relationship provides protection to the microorganisms from external interventions and a dispersal mechanism across various habitats. Among those intracellularly-replicating or -residing organisms there are obligate and facultative pathogenic microorganisms affecting the health of humans or animals and are therefore of interest to Public Health Authorities. Mimiviruses, Pandoraviruses, and Pithoviruses are examples for interesting viral endocytobionts within FLA. Future research is expected to reveal further endocytobionts within free-living amoebae and other protozoa through co-cultivation studies, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses.
Identification of HIV-1 Tat-Associated Proteins Contributing to HIV-1 Transcription and Latency
Authors: Jean Maxime , Power Derek , Kong Weili , Huang Huachao , Santoso Netty , Zhu Jian
Published: April 2017

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat is a virus-encoded trans-activator that plays a central role in viral transcription. We used our recently developed parallel analysis of in vitro translated open reading frames (ORFs) (PLATO) approach to identify host proteins that associate with HIV-1 Tat. From this proteomic assay, we identify 89 Tat-associated proteins (TAPs). We combine our results with other datasets of Tat or long terminal repeat (LTR)-associated proteins. For some of these proteins (NAT10, TINP1, XRCC5, SIN3A), we confirm their strong association with Tat. These TAPs also suppress Tat-mediated HIV-1 transcription. Removing suppression of HIV-1 transcription benefits the reversal of post-integrated, latent HIV-1 proviruses. We demonstrate that these transcriptionally suppressing TAPs contribute to HIV-1 latency in Jurkat latency (J-LAT) cells. Therefore, our proteomic analysis highlights the previously unappreciated TAPs that play a role in maintaining HIV-1 latency and can be further studied as potential pharmacological targets for the “shock and kill” HIV-1 cure strategy.
A Chinese Variant Marek’s Disease Virus Strain with Divergence between Virulence and Vaccine Resistance
Authors: Sun Guo-rong , Zhang Yan-ping , Lv Hong-chao , Zhou Lin-yi , Cui Hong-yu , Gao Yu-long , Qi Xiao-le , Wang Yong-qiang , Li Kai , Gao Li , Pan Qing , Wang Xiao-mei , Liu Chang-jun
Published: April 2017

Marek’s disease (MD) virus (MDV) has been evolving continuously, leading to increasing vaccination failure. Here, the MDV field strain BS/15 was isolated from a severely diseased Chinese chicken flock previously vaccinated with CVI988. To explore the causes of vaccination failure, specific-pathogen free (SPF) chickens vaccinated with CVI988 or 814 and unvaccinated controls were challenged with either BS/15 or the reference strain Md5. Both strains induced MD lesions in unvaccinated chickens with similar mortality rates of 85.7% and 80.0% during the experimental period, respectively. However, unvaccinated chickens inoculated with BS/15 exhibited a higher tumor development rate (64.3% vs. 40.0%), but prolonged survival and diminished immune defects compared to Md5-challenged counterparts. These results suggest that BS/15 and Md5 show a similar virulence but manifest with different pathogenic characteristics. Moreover, the protective indices of CVI988 and 814 were 33.3 and 66.7 for BS/15, and 92.9 and 100 for Md5, respectively, indicating that neither vaccine could provide efficient protection against BS/15. Taken together, these data suggest that MD vaccination failure is probably due to the existence of variant MDV strains with known virulence and unexpected vaccine resistance. Our findings should be helpful for understanding the pathogenicity and evolution of MDV strains prevalent in China.
Effects of Urban Non-Point Source Pollution from Baoding City on Baiyangdian Lake, China
Authors: Li Chunhui , Zheng Xiaokang , Zhao Fen , Wang Xuan , Cai Yanpeng , Zhang Nan
Published: April 2017

Due to the high density of buildings and low quality of the drainage pipe network in the city, urban non‐point source pollution has become a serious problem encountered worldwide. This study investigated and analyzed the characteristics of non‐point source pollution in Baoding City. A simulation model for non‐point source pollution was developed based on the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM), and, the process of non‐point source pollution was simulated for Baoding City. The data was calibrated using data from two observed rainfall events (25.6 and 25.4 mm, the total rainfall on 31 July 2008 (07312008) was 25.6 mm, the total rainfall amount on 21 August 2008 (08212008) was 25.4 mm) and validated using data from an observed rainfall event (92.6 mm, the total rainfall on 08102008 was 92.6 mm) (Our monitoring data is limited by the lack of long‐term monitoring, but it can meet the requests of model calibration and validation basically). In order to analyze the effects of non‐point source pollution on Baiyangdian Lake, the characteristics and development trends of water pollution were determined using a one‐dimensional water quality model for Baoding City. The results showed that the pollutant loads for Pb, Zn, TN (Total Nitrogen), and TP (Total Phosphorus) accounted for about 30% of the total amount of pollutant load. Finally, applicable control measures for non‐point source pollution especially for Baoding were suggested, including urban rainwater and flood resources utilization and Best Management Practices (BMPs) for urban non‐point source pollution control.
Sur l'existence de paléo-crypto karsts dans le bassin de l'Oubangui (République centrafricaine)
Authors: Boulvert Yves , Salomon Jean-Noël
Published: April 2017

La présence de multiples indices

de formations carbonatées (signales par de nombreux naturalistes) et notamment celle de nombreuses dépressions fermées à allure de dolines, mais développées dans des formations altéritiques superficielles, laissait présumer l'existence de crypto-karsts anciens dans le bassin de l'Oubangui. La mise en évidence par sondage de la série carbonatée (200 m de puissance) dite de Bakouma, à la fin des années 1960, a confirmé l'existence d'un paléokarst très ancien. D'autres pourraient exister notamment là où en surface les dépressions fermées se multiplient. Le problème est de savoir quelle est la part qui revient à l'hydrocompaction et quelle est celle qui est fonction du soutirage karstique dans l'élaboration du modelé. Les auteurs suggèrent une voie de recherche par les analyses d'eau, car les premiers résultats obtenus sur l'Oubangui sont encourageants. Enfin, grâce au recoupement des nombreux indices, une première cartographie des formations carbonatées en Centrafrique est proposée.
Selective detection of Mg2+ ions via enhanced fluorescence emission using Au–DNA nanocomposites
Authors: Basu Tanushree , Rana Khyati , Das Niranjan , Pal Bonamali
Published: April 2017

The biophysical properties of DNA-modified Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted a great deal of research interest for various applications in biosensing. AuNPs have strong binding capability to the phosphate and sugar groups in DNA, rendering unique physicochemical properties for detection of metal ions. The formation of Au–DNA nanocomposites is evident from the observed changes in the optical absorption, plasmon band, zeta potential, DLS particle size distribution, as well as TEM and AFM surface morphology analysis. Circular dichroism studies also revealed that DNA-functionalized AuNP binding caused a conformational change in the DNA structure. Due to the size and shape dependent plasmonic interactions of AuNPs (33–78 nm) with DNA, the resultant Au–DNA nanocomposites (NCs) exhibit superior fluorescence emission due to chemical binding with Ca2+, Fe2+ and Mg2+ ions. A significant increase in fluorescence emission (λex = 260 nm) of Au–DNA NCs was observed after selectively binding with Mg2+ ions (20–800 ppm) in an aqueous solution where a minimum of 100 ppm Mg2+ ions was detected based on the linearity of concentration versus fluorescence intensity curve (λem = 400 nm). The effectiveness of Au–DNA nanocomposites was further verified by comparing the known concentration (50–120 ppm) of Mg2+ ions in synthetic tap water and a real life sample of Gelusil (300–360 ppm Mg2+), a widely used antacid medicine. Therefore, this method could be a sensitive tool for the estimation of water hardness after careful preparation of a suitably designed Au–DNA nanostructure.
Optimization strategies to eliminate interface conflicts in complex supply chains of construction projects
Authors: JU Qianqian , DING Lieyun , SKIBNIEWSKI Miroslaw J.
Published: April 2017

The supply chains of complex construction projects are characterized by multi-disciplinary participants, adversarial short-term relationships and fragmentations in project delivery procedures. Multi-disciplinary participants tend to make deci­sions on project activities based on their own objectives and value systems independently with little regard of holistic project performance. The lack of common values results in a limited understanding of how behaviors of one discipline impact on the related disciplines. This has led to tons of interface conflicts which ultimately affect project effectiveness. This paper investi­gates this problem by discussing Interface Value for the core players to understand the value-driven behaviors on the boundaries among owner and multiple prime contractors in complex construction projects. Two types of interface conflicts are recognized and defined. Value Optimization Strategy is proposed under status quo delivery methods by adjusting and reallocating interface responsibilities between related contractors. Improvements of procurement procedures are the key solutions to interface con­flicts. Prospects of integrated project delivery (IPD) in eliminating interface conflicts are also discussed. The paper concludes that Value Optimization Strategy and IPD-based approach are expected to eliminate interface conflicts of complex construction projects, integrate the complex supply chain and lower the potential risks for project delivery delay and cost overrun.
A novel solution for ground reaction curve of tunnels in elastoplastic strain softening rock masses
Authors: GHORBANI Ali , HASANZADEHSHOOIILI Hadi
Published: April 2017

Ground Reaction Curve (GRC) is one of the most important elements of convergence-confinement method generally used to design tunnels. Realistic presentation of GRC is usually assessed based on the advanced rock strength criteria, also, rock mass behavior (including plasticity and softening treatments). Since taking these parameters into ac­count is not simply possible for practitioners and needs complicated coupled theoretical-numerical solutions, this paper presents a simple novel approach based on Evolutionary Polynomial Regression to determine GRC of rock masses obeying both Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown criteria and strain softening behaviors. The proposed models accurately present support pressures based on radial displacement, rock mass strength and softening parameter (determination coefficient of 97.98% and 94.2% respectively for Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown strain softening materials). The ac­curacy of the proposed equations are approved through comparing the EPR developed GRCs with the ground reaction curves available in the literature. Besides, the sensitivity analysis is carried out and in-situ stress, residual Hoek-Brown’s m constant and residual dilation angle are introduced as parameters with the most influence on the support pressure in Hoek-Brown and peak and residual geological strength index are the most affective parameters on the support pressure of tunnels in the strain softening Mohr-Coulomb rock mass.
Shattering the Screen: Embodied Narrative in Digital Media
Authors: Cook Russell J.
Published: April 2017

This illustrated phenomenological inquiry into storytelling in screen media identifies important media transformations of experience. Viewers embody, or situate their experienced selves, according to screen requirements. A viewer’s compelled perspective on the screen causes fundamental spatio-temporal transformations of narrative experience, including horizontal stretching of screen space and time compression or leakage. Virtual media have the potential, as yet unrealized, to break out of the screen and to restore narrative to its primordial, experiential roots.
C. S. Peirce's Phaneroscopy as Early Communicology
Authors: Venancio Rafael Duarte Oliveira
Published: April 2017

This article aims to show that the contribution of Charles Sanders Peirce to communicology is much earlier than the advent of epistemological integration of semiotics in communication studies, being phaneroscopy as a early form of communicology. This reflection is based on the study of the categorical degeneration theorized by Peirce, his influence on communicational thinking (especially on Gilles Deleuze’s cinema theory), as well as the conceptual link between degeneration and phenomenon from the philosophical point of view of quaternions.
Zidovudine Continuous Infusion in an HIV-Infected Pregnant Woman with a Phobia of Swallowing Pills
Authors: Van Luin Matthijs , ter Beest Gerjanne , Wijnberger Lia E , Swanink Caroline MA , Burger David M , Gisolf Jet H
Published: April 2017

The authors report the difficulties of preventing mother-to-child transmission in a pregnant HIV-infected woman with a phobia of swallowing pills. After multiple attempts and just as many failures, the authors ended up with cART consisting of small tablets of nevirapine, lamivudine and a continuous intravenous infusion of zidovudine given via an elastomeric pump at home. This case demonstrates the difficulties that HIV physicians can encounter in pregnant women who have difficulties in swallowing tablets. In exceptional circumstances, continuous infusion of zidovudine may be an option, even in an outpatient setting.
Notice: The authors have discovered an error in raw data analyzed in this paper. This article has been retracted. The corrected article is published online early as Ringelman KM, Williams CK, Castelli PM, Sieges ML, Longenecker RA, Nichols TC, Earsom AD. 2018. Estimating waterfowl carrying capacity at local scales: A case study from Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9(1):xx-xx; e1944-687X. doi:10.3996/082017-JFWM-066.
Authors: Ringelman Kevin M. , Williams Christopher K. , Castelli Paul M. , Sieges Mason L. , Longenecker Rebecca A. , Nichols Theodore C. , Earsom Stephen D.
Published: April 2017

The management of wintering North American waterfowl is based on the premise that the amount of foraging habitat can limit populations. To estimate carrying capacity of winter habitats, managers use bioenergetic models to quantify energy (food) availability and energy demand, and use results as planning tools to meet regional conservation objectives. Regional models provide only coarse estimates of carrying capacity because habitat area, habitat energy values, and temporal trends in population-level demand are difficult to quantify precisely at large scales. We took advantage of detailed data previously collected on wintering waterfowl at Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge and surrounding marsh, New Jersey, USA, and created a well-constrained local model of carrying capacity. We used 1,223 core samples collected between 2006 and 2015 to estimate available food. We used species-specific 24-h time-activity data collected between 2011 and 2013 to estimate daily energy expenditure, morphometrically corrected for site- and day-specific thermoregulatory costs. To estimate population-level energy demand, we used standardized monthly ground-surveys (2005–2014) to create a migration curve, and proportionally scaled that to fit aerial survey data (2005–2014). Crucially, we also explicitly incorporated estimates of variance in all of these parameters and conducted a sensitivity analysis to diagnose the most important sources of variation in the model. Our results indicated that at estimated mean levels of supply (2.34 × 109 kcal) and cumulative demand (3.4 × 109 kcal), refuge resources were depleted before the end of the wintering season. However, at one standard error greater in supply and one standard error less in demand, 1.33 × 109 kcal remained on the landscape at the end of winter. Variation in model output appeared to be driven primarily by uncertainty in food abundance in high marsh habitats. This model allows for relative assessment of biases and uncertainties in carrying capacity modeling, and serves as a framework identifying critical science needs to improve local and regional waterfowl management planning.
Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Rough Sets with SVM Classification
Authors: Shoaip Nora , Elmogy Mohammed Mahfouz , Riad Alaa M. , Zaghloul Hosam , Badria Farid A.
Published: April 2017

Ovarian cancer is one of the most dangerous cancers among women which have a high rank of the cancers causing death. Ovarian cancer diagnoses are very difficult especially in early-stage because most symptoms associated with ovarian cancer such as Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, Pelvic or abdominal pain, and Bloating are common and found in Women who do not have ovarian cancer. The CA-125 test is used as a tumor marker, high levels could be a sign of ovarian cancer, but sometimes it is not true because not all women with ovarian cancer have high CA-125 levels, particularly about 20% of ovarian cancers are found at an early stage. In this paper, we try to find the most important rules helping in Early-stage ovarian cancer Diagnosis by evaluating the significance of data between ovarian cancer and the amino acids. Therefore, we propose a Fuzzy Rough feature selection with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification model. In the pre-processing stage, we use Fuzzy Rough set theory for feature selection. In post-processing stage, we use SVM classification which is a powerful method to get good classification performance. Finally, we compare the output results of the proposed system with other classification technique to guarantee the highest classification performance.
Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Tharwat Alaa , Gaber Tarek , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Elnaghi Basem E.
Published: April 2017

Optimization algorithms are necessary to solve many problems such as parameter tuning. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is one of these optimization algorithms. The aim of PSO is to search for the optimal solution in the search space. This paper highlights the basic background needed to understand and implement the PSO algorithm. This paper starts with basic definitions of the PSO algorithm and how the particles are moved in the search space to find the optimal or near optimal solution. Moreover, a numerical example is illustrated to show how the particles are moved in a convex optimization problem. Another numerical example is illustrated to show how the PSO trapped in a local minima problem. Two experiments are conducted to show how the PSO searches for the optimal parameters in one-dimensional and two-dimensional spaces to solve machine learning problems.
A Comparison of Open Source Data Mining Tools for Breast Cancer Classification
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed AbdElhafeez , Hashad Atallah Ibrahin , Shawky Negm Eldin Mohamed
Published: April 2017

Data Mining is a field that interconnects areas from computer science, trying to discover knowledge from databases in order to simplify the decision making. Classification is a Data Mining chore that learns from a set of instances in order to precisely classify the target class for new instances. Open source Data Mining tools can be used to make classification. This paper compares four tools: KNIME, Orange, Tanagra and Weka. Our goal is to discover the most precise tool and technique for breast cancer classifications. The experimental results show that some tools achieve better results more than others. Also, using fusion classification task verified to be better than the single classification task over the four datasets have been used. Also, we present a comparison between using complete datasets by substituting missing feature values and incomplete ones. The experimental results show that some datasets have better accuracy when using complete datasets.
On Combining Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Data Clustering
Authors: Ahmed Hanan , Shedeed Howida A. , Hamad Safwat , Tolba Mohamed F.
Published: April 2017

This chapter proposed different hybrid clustering methods based on combining particle swarm optimization (PSO), gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and free parameters central force optimization (CFO) with each other and with the k-means algorithm. The proposed methods were applied on 5 real datasets from the university of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository. Comparative analysis was done in terms of three measures; the sum of intra cluster distances, the running time and the distances between the clusters centroids. The initial population for the used algorithms were enhanced to minimize the sum of intra cluster distances. Experimental results show that, increasing the number of iterations doesn't have a noticeable impact on the sum of intra cluster distances while it has a negative impact on the running time. K-means combined with GSA (KM-GSA), PSO combined with GSA (PSO-GSA) gave the best performance according to the sum of intra cluster distances while K-means combined with PSO (KM-PSO) and KM-GSA were the best in terms of the running time. Finally, KM-GSA and GSA have the best performance.
A Proposed Architecture for Key Management Schema in Centralized Quantum Network
Authors: Farouk Ahmed , Elhoseny Mohamed , Batle Josep , Naseri Mosayeb , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: April 2017

Most existing realizations of quantum key distribution (QKD) are point-to-point systems with one source transferring to only one destination. Growth of these single-receiver systems has now achieved a reasonably sophisticated point. However, many communication systems operate in a point-to-multi-point (Multicast) configuration rather than in point-to-point mode, so it is crucial to demonstrate compatibility with this type of network in order to maximize the application range for QKD. Therefore, this chapter proposed architecture for implementing a multicast quantum key distribution Schema. The proposed architecture is designed as a Multicast Centralized Key Management Scheme Using Quantum Key Distribution and Classical Symmetric Encryption. In this architecture, a secured key generation and distribution solution has been proposed for a single host sending to two or more (N) receivers using centralized Quantum Multicast Key Distribution Centre and classical symmetric encryption.
Secure Image Processing and Transmission Schema in Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Elhoseny Mohamed , Farouk Ahmed , Batle Josep , Shehab Abdulaziz , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: April 2017

WSN as a new category of computer-based computing platforms and network structures is showing new applications in different areas such as environmental monitoring, health care and military applications. Although there are a lot of secure image processing schemas designed for image transmission over a network, the limited resources and the dynamic environment make it invisible to be used with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In addition, the current secure data transmission schemas in WSN are concentrated on the text data and are not applicable for image transmission's applications. Furthermore, secure image transmission is a big challenging issue in WSNs especially for the application that uses image as its main data such as military applications. The reason why is because the limited resources of the sensor nodes which are usually deployed in unattended environments. This chapter introduces a secure image processing and transmission schema in WSN using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Homomorphic Encryption (HE).
An Efficient Approach for Community Detection in Complex Social Networks Based on Elephant Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Ahmed Khaled , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Ezzat Ehab
Published: April 2017

Complex social networks analysis is an important research trend, which basically based on community detection. Community detection is the process of dividing the complex social network into a dynamic number of clusters based on their edges connectivity. This paper presents an efficient Elephant Swarm Optimization Algorithm for community detection problem (EESO) as an optimization approach. EESO can define dynamically the number of communities within complex social network. Experimental results are proved that EESO can handle the community detection problem and define the structure of complex networks with high accuracy and quality measures of NMI and modularity over four popular benchmarks such as Zachary Karate Club, Bottlenose Dolphin, American college football and Facebook. EESO presents high promised results against eight community detection algorithms such as discrete krill herd algorithm, discrete Bat algorithm, artificial fish swarm algorithm, fast greedy, label propagation, walktrap, Multilevel and InfoMap.
Designing Multilayer Feedforward Neural Networks Using Multi-Verse Optimizer
Authors: Hassanin Mohamed F. , Shoeb Abdullah M. , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: April 2017

Artificial neural network (ANN) models are involved in many applications because of its great computational capabilities. Training of multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is the most challenging problem during the network preparation. Many techniques have been introduced to alleviate this problem. Back-propagation algorithm is a powerful technique to train multilayer feedforward ANN. However, it suffers from the local minima drawback. Recently, meta-heuristic methods have introduced to train MLP like Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Search (CS), Ant Colony Optimizer (ACO), Social Spider Optimization (SSO), Evolutionary Strategy (ES) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO). This chapter applied Multi-Verse Optimizer (MVO) for MLP training. Seven datasets are used to show MVO capabilities as a promising trainer for multilayer perceptron. Comparisons with PSO, GA, SSO, ES, ACO and GWO proved that MVO outperforms all these algorithms.
FAROESTE CABOCLO: LEITURA PSICANALÍTICA DE UMA CANÇÃO
Authors: Teixeira Fabiana Cristina , Moreira Jacqueline De Oliveira
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo busca articular os conceitos psicanalíticos de mal-estar, violência, agressividade e inimigo com a consagrada música “Faroeste Caboclo”, importante legado do pop rock nacional da década de 1980. A canção narra a saga de João de Santo Cristo, órfão, cuja trajetória de vida foi caracterizada pela inquietação, discriminação racial e dificuldade em lidar com figuras de autoridade, o que fez com que se tornasse um renomado traficante de drogas. Com um desfecho marcado pela tragédia passional, culminando na morte dos protagonistas, violência, agressividade e ódio atravessam o enredo, demonstrando seus desdobramentos no campo da alteridade, na emergência da amizade e da inimizade, permitindo-nos compreender e discutir a história de João de Santo Cristo. Partindo do pressuposto de que a música é tanto uma expressão individual quanto porta-voz de uma realidade social, buscamos compreender dimensões psíquicas, retratadas neste texto musical, que narra uma história que se assemelha à de tantos outros envolvidos com a criminalidade no Brasil. O objetivo é que discutamos os possíveis sentidos da letra da canção, promovendo um diálogo construtivo entre cultura e psicanálise.
MAPEAMENTO DAS ESTRATÉGIAS INCLUSIVAS PARA ESTUDANTES COM DEFICIÊNCIA INTELECTUAL E AUTISMO
Authors: Benitez Priscila , Gomes Máyra , Bondioli Ricardo , Domeniconi Camila
Published: April 2017

Compreender a forma como tem ocorrido a implementação das normas sobre a inclusão escolar de estudantes com deficiência intelectual (DI) e transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) pode auxiliar na caracterização de estratégias bem sucedidas, que possam servir como modelos para outras escolas, educadores ou famílias. O objetivo do estudo foi mapear as estratégias de inclusão escolar, utilizadas com dez estudantes (05 com DI e 05 com TEA), a partir da caracterização desses participantes, dos relatos de seus pais e das descrições sistemáticas das atividades realizadas por cada estudante durante a sua presença no espaço escolar. Foram aplicados testes, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações sistemáticas. Os resultados indicam a participação do professor de educação especial, a partir do ensino fundamental, e o uso limitado do atendimento educacional especializado (AEE). Discutem-se a intensificação desse atendimento e a necessidade de inserção do educador especial na educação infantil, preparando o estudante para as demandas do ensino fundamental.
T Cells in Celiac Disease
Authors: Jabri Bana , Sollid Ludvig M.
Published: April 2017

Celiac disease is a human T cell–mediated autoimmune-like disorder caused by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. This review will discuss how CD4 T cell responses directed against an exogenous Ag can cause an autoreactive B cell response and participate in the licensing of intraepithelial lymphocytes to kill intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, this review will examine the mechanisms by which intraepithelial cytotoxic T cells mediate tissue destruction in celiac disease.
Best proximity points of contractive mappings on a metric space with a graph and applications
Authors: Sultana Asrifa , Vetrivel V.
Published: April 2017

We establish an existence and uniqueness theorem on best proximity point for contractive mappings on a metric space endowed with a graph. As an application of this theorem, we obtain a result on the existence of unique best proximity point for uniformly locally contractive mappings. Moreover, our theorem subsumes and generalizes many recent  fixed point and best proximity point results.
A note on unibasic spaces and transitive quasi-proximities
Authors: García-Máynez Adalberto , Pimienta Acosta Adolfo
Published: April 2017

In this paper we prove there is a bijection between the set of all annular bases of a topological spaces $(X,\tau)$ and the set of all transitive quasi-proximities on $X$ inducing $\tau$.

We establish some properties of those topological spaces $(X,\tau)$ which imply that $\tau$ is the only annular basis
Fixed point theorems for simulation functions in $\mbox{b}$-metric spaces via the $wt$-distance
Authors: Mongkolkeha Chirasak , Cho Yeol Je , Kumam Poom
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this article is to prove some fixed point theorems for simulation functions  in complete b-metric   spaces with partially ordered  by using wt-distance which introduced by   Hussain et al.  Also, we give some  examples to illustrate  our  main results.
Metric spaces and textures
Authors: Dost Senol
Published: April 2017

Textures are point-set setting for fuzzy sets, and they provide a framework for the complement-free mathematical concepts. Further dimetric on textures is a gener- alization of classical metric spaces. The aim of this paper is to give some properties of dimetric texture space by using categorical approach. We prove that the category of clas- sical metric spaces is isomorphic to a full subcategory of dimetric texture spaces, and give a natural transformation from metric topologies to dimetric ditopologies. Further, it is pre- sented a relation between dimetric texture spaces and quasi-pseudo metric spaces in the sense of J. F. Kelly. 
Quantifying the mass loading of particles in an ash cloud remobilized from tephra deposits on Iceland
Authors: Beckett Frances , Kylling Arve , Sigurðardóttir Guðmunda , von Löwis Sibylle , Witham Claire
Published: April 2017

Abstract. On 16–17 September 2013 strong surface winds over tephra deposits in southern Iceland led to the resuspension and subsequent advection of significant quantities of volcanic ash. The resulting resuspended ash cloud was transported to the south-east over the North Atlantic Ocean and, due to clear skies at the time, was exceptionally well observed in satellite imagery. We use satellite-based measurements in combination with radiative transfer and dispersion modelling to quantify the total mass of ash resuspended during this event. Typically ash clouds from explosive eruptions are identified in satellite measurements from a negative brightness temperature difference (BTD) signal; however this technique assumes that the ash resides at high levels in the atmosphere. Due to a temperature inversion in the troposphere over southern Iceland during 16 September 2013, the resuspended ash cloud was constrained to altitudes of  <  2 km a.s.l. We show that a positive BTD signal can instead be used to identify ash-containing pixels from satellite measurements. The timing and location of the ash cloud identified using this technique from measurements made by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite agree well with model predictions using the dispersion model NAME (Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment). Total column mass loadings are determined from the VIIRS data using an optimal estimation technique which accounts for the low altitude of the resuspended ash cloud and are used to calibrate the emission rate in the resuspended ash scheme in NAME. Considering the tephra deposits from the recent eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn as the potential source area for resuspension for this event, we estimate that  ∼  0.2 Tg of ash was remobilized during 16–17 September 2013.
Cloud condensation nuclei over the Southern Ocean: wind dependence and seasonal cycles
Authors: Gras John L. , Keywood Melita
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Multi-decadal observations of aerosol microphysical properties from regionally representative sites can be used to challenge regional or global numerical models that simulate atmospheric aerosol. Presented here is an analysis of multi-decadal observations at Cape Grim (Australia) that characterise production and removal of the background marine aerosol in the Southern Ocean marine boundary layer (MBL) on both short-term weather-related and underlying seasonal scales.A trimodal aerosol distribution comprises Aitken nuclei (< 100 nm), cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)/accumulation (100–350 nm) and coarse-particle (> 350 nm) modes, with the Aitken mode dominating number concentration. Whilst the integrated particle number in the MBL over the clean Southern Ocean is only weakly dependent on wind speed, the different modes in the aerosol size distribution vary in their relationship with wind speed. The balance between a positive wind dependence in the coarse mode and negative dependence in the accumulation/CCN mode leads to a relatively flat wind dependence in summer and moderately strong positive wind dependence in winter. The changeover in wind dependence of these two modes occurs in a very small size range at the mode intersection, indicative of differences in the balance of production and removal in the coarse and accumulation/CCN modes.Whilst a marine biological source of reduced sulfur appears to dominate CCN concentration over the summer months (December to February), other components contribute to CCN over the full annual cycle. Wind-generated coarse-mode sea salt is an important CCN component year round and is the second-most-important contributor to CCN from autumn through to mid-spring (March to November). A portion of the non-seasonally dependent contributor to CCN can clearly be attributed to wind-generated sea salt, with the remaining part potentially being attributed to long-range-transported material. Under conditions of greater supersaturation, as expected in more convective cyclonic systems and their associated fronts, Aitken mode particles become increasingly important as CCN.
Coupled Chemistry-Climate Effects from 2050 Projected Aviation Emissions
Authors: Gettelman Andrew , Chen Chih-Chieh , Jacobson Mark Z. , Cameron Mary A. , Wuebbles Donald J. , Khodayari Arezoo
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Analyses of the climate effects of 2050 aviation emissions have been conducted with two coupled Chemistry Climate Models (CCMs) including experiments with coupled ocean models. The baseline 2050 aviation emissions scenario projects emissions ~ 5 times those in 2006. Simulations suggest a corresponding growth in the climate impact of aviation by 2050. Positive radiative forcing from contrails reaches +80 mWm−2. Enhanced upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric ozone (O3) due to aviation nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions causes a radiative forcing of +60 mWm−2. Changes in methane (CH4) lifetime induced by aviation are estimated to cause −25 mWm−2 of radiative forcing in 2050. Simulations indicate that moderate changes in water vapor emissions from changes in combustion efficiency will not have significant forcing. Non-linear effects due to particles (black carbon and sulfur) included in these calculations suggest an important role for black carbon (BC) in increasing contrail cirrus ice crystal number, leading to net warming. Sulfur emissions brighten clouds and provide a net cooling, but this is dependent on uncertain background sulfur levels. Thus alternative aviation fuels with reduced sulfur and BC may alter the future climate impact of aviation, but the sign is dependent on specific processes represented and the background state. Regional perturbations due to contrail and particulate emissions may result in statistically significant regional surface temperature changes in coupled model simulations in areas near or adjacent to flight corridors, but significant signals only emerge after 20–50 years of simulation. Many regions with high regional aviation forcing do not experience net surface temperature changes because of advective rather than radiative driving of temperatures. Surface temperature signals are not significant globally even in long coupled simulations. Short-lived non-uniform aviation forcing will thus affect climate differently than uniform forcing in the coupled climate system.
A European-wide 222radon and 222radon progeny comparison study
Authors: Schmithüsen Dominik , Chambers Scott , Fischer Bernd , Gilge Stefan , Hatakka Juha , Kazan Victor , Neubert Rolf , Paatero Jussi , Ramonet Michel , Schlosser Clemens , Schmid Sabine , Vermeulen Alex , Levin Ingeborg
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Although atmospheric 222radon (222Rn) activity concentration measurements are currently performed worldwide, they are being made by many different laboratories and with fundamentally different measurement principles, so compatibility issues can limit their utility for regional-to-global applications. Consequently, we conducted a European-wide 222Rn ∕ 222Rn progeny comparison study in order to evaluate the different measurement systems in use, determine potential systematic biases between them, and estimate correction factors that could be applied to harmonize data for their use as a tracer in atmospheric applications. Two compact portable Heidelberg radon monitors (HRM) were moved around to run for at least 1 month at each of the nine European measurement stations included in this comparison. Linear regressions between parallel data sets were calculated, yielding correction factors relative to the HRM ranging from 0.68 to 1.45. A calibration bias between ANSTO (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation) two-filter radon monitors and the HRM of ANSTO ∕ HRM  =  1.11 ± 0.05 was found. Moreover, for the continental stations using one-filter systems that derive atmospheric 222Rn activity concentrations from measured atmospheric progeny activity concentrations, preliminary 214Po ∕ 222Rn disequilibrium values were also estimated. Mean station-specific disequilibrium values between 0.8 at mountain sites (e.g. Schauinsland) and 0.9 at non-mountain sites for sampling heights around 20 to 30 m above ground level were determined. The respective corrections for calibration biases and disequilibrium derived in this study need to be applied to obtain a compatible European atmospheric 222Rn data set for use in quantitative applications, such as regional model intercomparison and validation or trace gas flux estimates with the radon tracer method.