bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O SIGNIFICADO SOCIAL DOS TERMOS E EXPRESSÕES REFERENTES A EPIDEMIAS NO CEARÁ OITOCENTISTA
Authors: LEITE Francisco de Freitas , ALMEIDA Maria de Fátima
Published: February 2015

Este artigo objetiva analisar o significado social dos termos e expressões referentes a epidemias de cólera e de varíola que acometeram milhares de pessoas no Ceará durante o século XIX, sobretudo a partir de um corpus constituído da novela de 1899, Violação, de Rodolfo Teófilo; e de textos jornalísticos do semanário O Araripe, impresso de 1855 a 1864 em Crato-Ceará. É um trabalho que se situa no âmbito da Linguística Histórica lato sensu, sendo utilizada como metodologia de análise essencialmente aquela da História Social da Linguagem, nos moldes dos trabalhos de Burke e Porter (1993, 1997) e Burke (2010). Também subjazem ao nosso trabalho analítico as propostas teóricas de Benveniste (1995, 1989), principalmente aquelas que abordam a relação que se estabelece entre língua e realidade ou entre léxico e cultura. Nossas conclusões, advindas das análises, apontam para a necessidade de entendermos a linguagem não como simulacro da realidade, mas como parte viva da realidade social, cultural e histórica do homem. A relação entre as palavras e as doenças pode ser marcada por concepções e preconceitos históricos e socioculturais e revelar as funções sociais que tem a linguagem.
Variability among individuals is generated at the gene expression level
Authors: Peck Lloyd S. , Thorne Michael A. S. , Hoffman Joseph I. , Morley Simon A. , Clark Melody S.
Published: February 2015

Selection acts on individuals, specifically on their differences. To understand adaptation and responses to change therefore requires knowledge of how variation is generated and distributed across traits. Variation occurs on different biological scales, from genetic through physiological to morphological, yet it is unclear which of these carries the most variability. For example, if individual variation is mainly generated by differences in gene expression, variability should decrease progressively from coding genes to morphological traits, whereas if post‐translational and epigenetic effects increase variation, the opposite should occur. To test these predictions, we compared levels of variation among individuals in various measures of gene expression, physiology (including activity), and morphology in two abundant and geographically widespread Antarctic molluscs, the clam Laternula elliptica and the limpet Nacella concinna. Direct comparisons among traits as diverse as heat shock protein QPCR assays, whole transcription profiles, respiration rates, burying rate, shell length, and ash‐free dry mass were made possible through the novel application of an established metric, the Wentworth Scale. In principle, this approach could be extended to analyses of populations, communities, or even entire ecosystems. We found consistently greater variation in gene expression than morphology, with physiological measures falling in between. This suggests that variability is generated at the gene expression level. These findings have important implications for refining current biological models and predictions of how biodiversity may respond to climate change.
A new sauropod dinosaur with prosauropod-like teeth from the Middle Jurassic of Madagascar
Authors: Buffetaut Eric
Published: February 2015

A dentary bone containing several teeth, from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of northwestern Madagascar is described as the type of a new sauropod dinosaur taxon, Archaeodontosaurus descouensi, n.g., n.sp. This taxon is characterised by the unusual combination of a dentary with a deep anterior part, as in advanced sauropods, and teeth with large serrations and a convex lingual side, which resemble the teeth of prosauropods. A more common pattern in early sauropods is the combination of a low, prosauropod-like dentary and spoon-shaped, sauropod-like teeth. Although the condition in Archaeodontosaurus descouensi strongly suggests that basal sauropods had prosauropod-like teeth, what is known of the jaw and dentition in various early and middle Jurassic sauropods indicates mosaic evolution along different paths during the early diversification of the group. Archaeodontosaurus descouensi differs from Jurassic sauropod material from Madagascar, previously described as Bothriospondylus and Lapparentosaurus, which needs revision. It appears that at least two distinct sauropods, with different tooth morphologies, are present in the Middle Jurassic of Madagascar.
Material-Balance Method for Dual-Porosity Reservoirs With Recovery Curves To Model the Matrix/Fracture Transfer
Authors: Mittermeir Georg M.
Published: February 2015

This paper presents a material-balance (MB) method applicable to naturally fractured dual-porosity reservoirs by considering the matrix/fracture transfer. The method is based on the recognition that the performance of water and gas displacement from matrix blocks can be depicted in the form of recovery factor vs. time. These recovery curves determine the matrix/fracture oil transfer. The reservoir pressure change depends on the original fluids in place and the strength of the aquifer. Thus, a close relationship between the recovery curves and the observed reservoir state (e.g., pressure, position of the phase contacts, water cut, and gas/oil ratio), the aquifer parameters, and the matrix/fracture oil transfer exists. Concerning the matrix blocks, the surrounding fracture continuum sets the boundary conditions by acting as an injector. The injection rates are predefined by the provided recovery curves, which one can obtain with different methods. They can be calculated by fine-scale single matrix-block models (Pirker et al. 2007), derived from conventional full-field numerical models, measured in a laboratory autoclave (Mattax and Kyte 1962), or determined by theoretical means (Davis and Hill 1982). The recovery curves can be scaled and normalized, making them applicable within a certain rock type to a wide range of rock parameters, namely shape factor, permeability, and porosity (Amiry 2014). While in a full-field model, various rock types can be identified; in MB calculations, however, they must be reduced to a single rock type. MB calculations—irrespective of conventional single-porosity methods or the herein-presented approach for dual-porosity naturally fractured reservoirs—are always conducted on a homogenized reservoir model. Therefore, variations in rock and pressure/volume/temperature properties cannot be taken into account. The recovery process is governed by two parameters—the asymptotic value of the recovery function and the time-scaling factor. These two parameters can be used for matching the observed reservoir performance. The new MB method matches both the reservoir pressure and the positions of the phase contacts. It also provides aquifer and matrix/fracture fluid-transfer models. Applying the parameters of those models in prediction mode and assuming a future production strategy, reservoir-pressure decline and phase-contact movements can be forecasted. The paper presents the calculation schema and the successful application to a field with more than 500 million STB of original oil in place and a 35-year production history. For the first time, it becomes possible to realistically—this means by fully considering the governing recovery mechanisms and thus the matrix/fracture transfer—calculate MB for naturally fractured dual-porosity reservoirs.
A New Drill Pipe Design Virtually Eliminates Failures That Result from Slip Damage
Authors: Wilson G. E.
Published: February 2015

Drill strings made prior to 1982 were not designed to meet the rigorous demands of today's drilling. Deeper wells and higher angle holes are requiring higher pump pressure, and more tensile and torque capacity. Back-reaming wells, with the use of a power swivel, is agitating these conditions even further.

Recent work has been done to improve the fatigue life of drill pipe by making drill pipe with longer internal taper upsets and stress relief grooves.

Even though improvements have been made, slip damage still takes its toll on drill pipe. This paper addresses the failures caused by slip damage and offers a solution for solving this problem. Finite element work and fatigue testing has been done to prove the effectiveness of this new drill pipe design.
The expression for the group inverse of the anti-triangular block matrix
Authors: Du Fapeng , Xue Yifeng
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we present the explicit expression for the group inverse of
the sum of two matrices. As an application, the explicit expression for the
group inverse of the anti-triangular block matrix (CD) and (0B CD) are
obtained without any conditions on sub-blocks.
Unifying a multitude of common fixed point theorems in symmetric spaces
Authors: Imdad Mohammad , Sharma Anupam , Chauhan Sunny
Published: February 2015

The aim of this paper is to obtain some new common fixed point theorems for
weakly compatible mappings in symmetric spaces satisfying an implicit
function. Some illustrative examples to highlight the realized improvements
are furnished. Our results generalize and extend some recent results
contained in Ali and Imdad [Sarajevo J. Math. 4(17)(2008), 269-285] to
symmetric spaces and consequently a host of metrical common fixed theorems
are generalized and improved. We state an integral type fixed point theorem
in symmetric space. In the process, we also derive a fixed point result on
common fixed point in probabilistic symmetric spaces.
Drazin invertibility of product and difference of idempotents in a ring
Authors: Chen Jianlong , Zhu Huihui
Published: February 2015

In this paper, several equivalent conditions on the Drazin invertibility of
product and difference of idempotents are obtained in a ring. Some results in
Banach algebras are extended to the ring case.
On pointwise λ-statistical convergence of order α of sequences of fuzzy mappings
Authors: Et Mikail
Published: February 2015

In this study, we introduce the concepts of pointwise ?-statistical
convergence of order ? of sequences of fuzzy mappings and strongly pointwise
(V,?,p) summable of order ? of sequences of fuzzy mappings. Some relations
between pointwise ?-statistical convergence of order ? and strongly pointwise
(V,?,p) summable of order ? of sequences of fuzzy mappings are given.
New error bounds for Gauss-Legendre quadrature rules
Authors: Masjed-Jamei Mohammad
Published: February 2015

It is well-known that the remaining term of any n-point interpolatory
quadrature rule such as Gauss-Legendre quadrature formula depends on at least
an n-order derivative of the integrand function, which is of no use if the
integrand is not smooth enough and requires a lot of differentiation for
large n. In this paper, by defining a specific linear kernel, we resolve this
problemand obtain new bounds for the error of Gauss-Legendre quadrature
rules. The advantage of the obtained bounds is that they do not depend on the
norms of the integrand function. Some illustrative examples are given in this
direction.
Botrytis cinerea in raspberry in Serbia I: Morphological and molecular characterization
Authors: Tanovic Brankica , Hrustic Jovana , Mihajlovic Milica , Grahovac Mila , Delibasic Goran
Published: February 2015

Morphological and molecular characterisation of 130 isolates of Botrytis
cinerea, derived from raspberry fruit originating from six commercial fields
in a raspberry growing region of Serbia (locations: Pozega, Prilike, Arilje,
Ivanjica, Sabac and Valjevo) was performed. The results showed that all
isolates formed white, uniform, aerial mycelia with entire margin on PDA
medium. First morphological differences among the isolates appeared after six
days of incubation. Three-week old isolates were grouped into eight distinct
morphological types - four mycelial and four sclerotial. Mostly, they were of
sclerotial type (81.5%) and the most frequently found was an S3 type, which
formed large irregularly placed sclerotia. This type was dominant in five of
six investigated locations and represented 45-65% of the isolates. The least
frequent was the mycelial type M3 (0.7% of the isolates) characterized by
mycelial masses. The presence of Boty and/or Flipper transposons was detected
in isolates originating from all investigated locations. It was discovered
that the B. cinerea population in raspberry in Serbia, besides the
well-described genetically isolated sympatric species transposa (43.1%) and
vacuma (10.8%), contains also another two, boty (44.6%) and flipper (1.5%)
species with only one transposon (either Boty or Flipper) in the genome. In
addition, it was revealed that all isolates from raspberry collected in
Serbia, transposa, vacuma, boty or flipper, are sensitive or weakly resistant
to fenhexamid and therefore belong to the B. cinerea genetical Group II.
Possibility of environmentally-safe casing soil disinfection for control of cobweb disease of button mushroom
Authors: Potocnik Ivana , Rekanovic Emil , Stepnovic Milos , Milijasevic-Marcic Svetlana , Todorovic Biljana , Nikolic-Bujanovic Ljiljana , Cekerevac Milan
Published: February 2015

The soil-borne pathogen Cladobotryum dendroides causes cobweb disease of
button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and its significant yield losses. Casing
soil disinfection by toxic formaldehyde is a widespread practice. The aim of
this study was to investigate the potential of two environmentally friendly
substances, colloidal silver and peracetic acid, against C. dendroides. Their
biological efficacy (impact on mushroom yield), effectiveness (disease
control) and type of interactions between them and the fungicide
prochloraz-manganese were evaluated. Black peat/lime casing soil was applied
to a colonized substrate with the white button mushroom strain 737, then
inoculated with C. dendroides and treated with the fungicide
prochloraz-manganse and two environmentally friendly disinfectants based on
peracetic acid and colloidal silver. The effects of fungicides on mushroom
productivity were evaluated as biological efficacy and calculated as a ratio
of fresh weight of total mushroom yield to the weight of dry substrate.
Fungicide effectiveness and synergy factor were calculated by Abbott?s (1925)
formula. Tests for synergism between prochloraz-manganese and both other
substances were performed using Limpel?s formula. The highest biolgical
efficacy, exceeding 92.00, was achieved in treatments with
prochlorazmanganese, applied alone or in combination with both other
disinfectants. The highest effectiveness of 93.33% was attained in treatments
with peracetic acid combined with prochloraz-manganese. Trials against cobweb
disease revealed a synergistic reaction between the fungicide and peracetic
acid and antagonistic between the fungicide and colloidal silver. Peracetic
acid provided better disease control, compared to colloidal silver applied
alone or in combination with the fungicide. Based on these findings,
peracetic acid should be recomended as an environmentally friendly casing
soil disinfectant against cobweb disease of A. bisporus.
Peritoneal Adhesions as a Cause of Mechanical Small Bowel Obstruction Based on Own Experience
Authors: Morawski Bartłomiej , Nawrot Ireneusz , Klonowski Włodzimierz , Mądrecki Marek , Tarnowski Wiesław
Published: February 2015

Bowel obstruction is a condition which has been known for many years. As time goes by, the problem is still often encountered at surgical emergency rooms. More than 20% of emergency surgical interventions are performed because of symptoms of digestive tract obstruction with the disease mostly situated in the small bowel. Rates of causative factors of the disease have changed over recent years and there have been increasingly more cases of small bowel obstruction caused by peritoneal adhesions, i.e., adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO).

to analyse the reasons and incidence of adhesive small bowel obstruction during two periods of time (1990-1995 and 2005-2010).

We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients hospitalized at the 1

We found that the incidence of adhesive small bowel obstruction increased from 58 cases in the first period to 215 cases in the second one, and the outcomes improved. The proportion of patients who underwent surgery diminished from 38% to 13%. The mean hospitalization time shortened and was 11.3 days and 6.95 days during 1990-1995 and 2005-2010 periods of time, respectively. In the first group, patients who had a surgery were hospitalized for 17.8 days and those who were treated conservatively for 8.08 days. In the second group, the mean hospital stay decreased to 15.6 days and 5.7 days in the case of surgical and conservative treatment, respectively. The age of onset declined from 56.63 years in the first period to 52.54 years in the other one.

Analysed data show an increasing number of patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction. The highest risk of the disease was associated with operations on the large bowel and gynaecological procedures.
Successful Endoscopic Treatment of a Postoperative Tracheomediastinal Fistula Caused by Anastomotic Insufficiency after Esophageal Resection with Fibrin Glue
Authors: Weiss Guenter , Wex Cora , Lippert Hans , Schreiber Jens , Meyer Frank
Published: February 2015

Fistula development after esophageal resection is considered as one of the most serious postoperative complications.

The authors reported a case on clinical experiences in the postoperative diagnostic and successful therapeutic management of a tracheomediastinal fistula after esophageal resection, using endoscopic application of fibrin glue.

The early approach of an anastomotic insufficiency after esophageal resection because of a squamous cell carcinoma (pT3pN0M0G2) below the tracheal bifurcation including transposition of a re-modelled gastric tube and end-to-side anastomosis 24 hours postoperatively in a 55-year old patient combined i) surgical re-intervention from the periesophageal site (reanastomosis, gastroplication, lavage, local and mediastinal drainage) and, later on, ii) extensive rinsing with consecutive endoscopic fibrin glue application into the tracheal mouth of the subsequently developed tracheomediastinal fistula as a consequence of the inflammatory changes within the surrounding tissue.

In conclusion, this approach was successful and beneficial for the patient's further postoperative course, which was associated with other complications such as pneumonia and acute myocardial infarction. The fistula closed sufficiently and permanently with no further surgical intervention at the tracheal as well as mediastinal site and allowed patient's later discharge with no further complaints or problems.
Smoking and Alcohol Intake among Students in Medical College of South Western Region, Nepal
Authors: Jha S K , Agrawal R , Dhakal P K , Nepal M , Jayan A , Gautam Narayan
Published: February 2015

INTRODUCTION: There is lack of data related to smoking and alcohol intake status with concomitant health and academic related problem to medical students. Hence this study is undertaken to compare smoking and alcohol intake habits among medical students from second to fourth year of their medical education. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A self-directed questionnaire on smoking and alcohol intake habits were distributed among students of second year to fourth year who were willing to participate in this study. All participants were told to fill questions regarding their past and current history of smoking and alcohol intake anonymously.   RESULTS: Out of 300 participants comprising male 201 (67%) and female 99 (33 %) medical students, the smoker was 27 (9%) and alcoholic was 61 (20.33%). There were significantly high frequency of male smoker 24 (8%) and male alcoholic 43 (14.33%) as compared to female smoker 3 (1%) and female alcoholic 18 (6%) respectively. The frequency of smoking and alcohol intake among only male participants was found to be 11.91% and 21.39% which is comparable to frequency of only female participants 3.03% and 18.18% respectively. The average cigarette consumption before joining medical school was 2.83/day but after joining it has been increased to 5.15/day. Similarly, the average alcohol intake in one sitting was observed 689.26ml after joining medical college. The average cage questionnaire score for smoker and alcoholic were 0.96 and 1.0 respectively depending on positive response.   CONCLUSION: The high frequency of smoking and alcohol intake among medical students can create havoc in social, health and academic matters. The male students were observed to be more abused in such type of habit as compared to female counterpart. But it is equally important to be noted that the significant less number of female participants and social boundaries for getting cigarette and alcohol might have obscured the actual frequency of their abuse to smoke and alcohol intake. Hence, the health institution should made awareness campaign to the medical students earlier from their entry to the medical school.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12038Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.02 No.04 Issue 08Page: 19-23
Custom Made Acrylic Resin Ocular Prosthesis Using a Modified Technique: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Malaviya Neha , Khanal B , Yadav A , Subhas S
Published: February 2015

The loss of one eye may be due to a congenital defect, pathology or trauma requiring the surgical removal of eyeball. This causes significant physical and emotional disturbance to the patient. Psychological distress can be reduced by timely replacement with an artificial eye. This preliminary report describes the fabrication of the custom made acrylic resin ocular prosthesis (CMAROP) with a modified technique where a stock eye shell has been used to fabricate a custom ocular impression tray. Try in was done on the same day. The CMAROP achieves intimate contact with the tissue bed and creates functional and esthetically pleasing results.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12068Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.02 No.04 Issue 08Page: 41-44
Resource Management: A Geographical Perspective
Authors: Poudel Krishna Prasad
Published: February 2015

Nature provides resources to human beings for their survival. A resource manager requires understanding the definition of resource and its changing paradigm, dynamism and approaches in a specific social, cultural, and geographical ground. This article is an attempt to explore differences of traditional definition of ‘natural resources’ to more dynamic discourse of ‘resources are not, but they become’. This essay is based on exploratory review of the available published materials. This paper contains introduction, conceptual ground, the shifting paradigm, dynamism in the resource definition, natural resource management vis-à-vis resource management, resources classification, the evolution of the field of resource management, and the approaches of the resource management. The body of the text is finally followed by the references cited.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v11i0.11526The Third PoleVol. 11-12, 2012page:21-28
Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism in Sauraha Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Sigdel Tej Prasad
Published: February 2015

In Nepal, the number of tourist arrivals and stay their length have been increasing day to day. This incensement has directly influenced the socio-economic status of Nepalese people. The main objective of this paper is to explore the socio economic impact of tourism on Sauraha. To fulfill the objective both primary and secondary data had been used. There are both direct and indirect impacts on socio-economic condition of local people. Tourism has contributed a lot a raising the awareness among the communities, preserving traditional culture, values, norms and heritage. But it is also facing a problem of sanitation, improper solid waste management, unmanaged dumping site and poaching wild life. Tourism development in Sauraha should be assessed both the local traditions and culture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v13i0.11549The Third PoleVol. 13, 2013Page: 60-64
Revisiting the Himalayan Environmental Degradation (HED) Theory Based on the Case of Annapurna Region, Nepal
Authors: Poudel Krishna Prasad
Published: February 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v3i0.1777The Third Pole Vol.3&4 2004 p.28-46
An Introduction to GIS
Authors: Avasthi Tara Prasad
Published: February 2015

No Abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v5i0.1957The Third Pole, Vol. 5-7, PP 76-78:2007
Role of Tourism in Local Development A Case of Sarangkot Hill-Top in Pokhara, Western Nepal
Authors: Bhusal Narayan P.
Published: February 2015

Tourism management plan at the local level provides a framework for balanced development of a given area through the utilization of the existing tourism resources by the provision of tourism services that are required in order to attract the tourists from different parts of the world. Therefore, identifying and understanding of the natural, demographic and socio-cultural resource potential that enable a given area and its communities to shape tourism development according to local needs and within recognized environment and resource constrains. It is in this context the present paper is aimed to identify cultural and natural sites of tourism importance and problems and prospects of tourism for development in order to provide information on the basis of which can be undertaken sustainable actions for tourism development in Sarangkot VDC of Kaski district, Western Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v8i0.11507 The Third Pole: Journal of Geography Vol.8-10, pp. 9-19: 2010
Land use Change In Khageri Watershed, Chitwan
Authors: Dhakal Keshav Raj
Published: February 2015

This paper is an attempt to analyze land use pattern and its changes between 1978/79 and 1999 in Khageri watershed located in Central Development Region, Nepal. This watershed has mainly been covered with forest followed by agricultural land. The proportion of other land use categories like grazing land, sandy area, and barren land and water bodies is limited. The pattern of land use has been changing in this area. Resettlement program after eradication of malaria and migration of population from other parts of the country are the main causes of this change. The resettlement in the watershed of population from Padampur VDC further accelerated the change. The most remarkable change was from forest to agricultural land. The sandy area has also been increased due to lateral cutting and floods of the Khageri River and deforestation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v8i0.11512 The Third Pole: Journal of Geography Vol.8-10, pp. 51-56: 2010
Agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change impacts in Africa: a review
Authors: Akinnagbe OM , Irohibe IJ
Published: February 2015

Climate change is expected to intensify existing problems and create new combinations of risks, particularly in Africa. The situation is made worst due to factor such as widespread poverty, over dependence on rain fed agriculture, inequitable land distribution, limited access to capital and technology, inadequate public infrastructure, such as roads, long term weather forecasts and inadequate research and extension. By lessening the severity of key damages to the agricultural sector, adaptation is the key defensive measure. Adaptation to climate change involves changes in agricultural management practices in response to changes in climate conditions. This paper reviews agricultural adaptation strategies employed by farmers in various countries in Africa in cushioning the effects of climate change. The common agricultural adaptation strategies used by farmers were the use of drought resistant varieties of crops, crop diversification, changes in cropping pattern and calendar of planting, conserving soil moisture through appropriate tillage methods, improving irrigation efficiency, and afforestation and agro-forestry. The paper concluded that improving and strengthening human capital through education, outreach programmes, extension services at all levels will improve capacity to adapt to climate change impact. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21984 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 407-418, September 2014
Genetic variability of yield and its contributing characters on CIMMYT maize inbreds under drought stress
Authors: Azam Md Golam , Sarker Umakanta , Maniruzzam - , Banik Bhagya Rani
Published: February 2015

This experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701 during the rabi season of 2010 with 25 maize inbred lines. Correlation and path coefficient analysis were done for yield and some other traits. Genotypic variations were observed for ear height and grains/row. The highest broad sense heritability (h2b) was observed for yield/plant followed by ear height and 1000- grain weight. Maximum genetic advance in percentage of mean (GA) was recorded for yield/plant (92.652) and ear height (75.87). The yield/plant showed significant positive genotypic correlation (rg) with cob diameter (0.440) and grains/row (0.265). Significant negative correlation was observed between ear height and yield and also for days to 50% tasseling. The highest direct positive effect was obtained for rows/cob. These studies suggest that cob diameter, row per cob, grains/row and ear height were the most important yield contributing factors and an attempt should, therefore, be made for an effective selection of these traits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21985 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 419-426, September 2014
Effect of osmopriming on the emergence of Maize (Zea mays L.) seedling
Authors: Ahammad KU , Rahman MM , Ahmed M
Published: February 2015

The research work was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of Agronomy Department of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from March to November in 2008 to find out the effect of different osmopriming techniques on seedling emergence of maize. Seventeen osmopriming techniques viz., T1 = 1% Na2SO4, T2 = 3% Na2SO4, T3 = 5% Na2SO4, T4 = 1% K2HPO4, T5 = 3% K2HPO4, T6 = 5% K2HPO4, T7 = 1% ZnSO4, T8 = 3% ZnSO4, T9 = 5% ZnSO4, T10 = 1% Ca(H2PO4)2, T11 = 3% Ca(H2PO4)2, T12 = 5% Ca(H2PO4)2, T13 = 1% H2O2, T14 = 3% H2O2, T15 = 5% H2O2, T16 = Hydropriming, T17 = Non-priming (control) were used as experimental variables. Different osmopriming methods on seedling emergence performance of maize was evaluated at two moisture levels viz., 30 and 60% moisture of saturated sand in the experiment. Germination percentage, germination index and mean germination time were influenced significantly by osmopriming methods. Seed priming with 3% ZnSO4 showed the highest seedling emergence which was followed by 1% H2O2 and 3% Ca (H2PO4)2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21986 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 427-435, September 2014
Profitability of crop cultivation under different land tenurial arrangements in some selected sites of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MA , Maharjan KL
Published: February 2015

Proper land tenurial arrangements perceived as an important strategy for input use and agricultural production in utilization of land resource. Government of Bangladesh initiated due measures in this respect by formulating and declaring the land reform ordinance 1984.The main quest of this study is to identify the profitability of crop cultivation and factors influencing gross revenues in the variousl and tenurial arrangements under this land reform ordinance 1984. In search of this research question, a case study was conducted in two Upazilas (sub districts) of Bangladesh based on cross section data. This data were collected by purposive stratified sampling technique in the year 2013. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was used to identify the profitability of crop cultivation under different land tenurial arrangements. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression method was used to identify the factors influencing gross revenues of the share cropped land of owner cum tenant farmers. This study reveals that the aspects of land reform ordinance have been implemented in output sharing aspect but not in input cost sharing aspect. Again BCR in leased land was higher than share cropped land. Moreover, regression analysis indicates that farm size had significant positive impact on gross revenues. The study holistically reveals that lease arrangements could be judged as a vital player to increase gross revenue as well as profit inshare cropped lands. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21988 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 447-460, September 2014
Determination of fertilizer dose for maize in Potatomaize- T. Aman rice cropping pattern
Authors: Sarker MJU , Ali M , Choudhury AK , Prodhan MZH , Akhter Mst A
Published: February 2015

A field experiment was conducted at the Multilocation Testing Site (MLT) Sherpur, Bogra (AEZ 4) during November 2007-08 to October 2008-09 to find out a suitable fertilizer dose for maize as a succeeding crop following potato under Potato-Maize- T.Aman rice cropping pattern. The treatments were, T1: Soil test based (STB) fertilizer dose of NPKS following FRG, 2005, T2: STB of 75% recommended dose of PKS + full N, T3: STB of 50% recommended dose of PKS + full N and T4: Farmers practice. From the two years' results, it was found that the most profitable grain yield of maize (7.54 t/ha) was obtained from the treatment T2 and the lowest (6.16 t/ha) was in T4 (Farmers practice). Economic analysis showed that the treatment T2 gave the highest net return, benefit cost ratio was also higher in maize. Fertilizer dose could be reduced by 25% for N. Considering all the issues, maize was best fitted crop under Potato- Maize-T. Aman cropping sequence in AEZ 4 at MLT site Sherpur, Bogra. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21990 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 471-477, September 2014
Effect of plant spacing and nitrogen levels on nutritional quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.)
Authors: Roni MS , Zakaria M , Hossain MM , Siddiqui MN
Published: February 2015

The study was carried out in the research field and laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706 during October 2011 to April 2012 to determine optimum level of nitrogen and spacing for improving the nutritional quality of broccoli. There were 15 treatments in the experiment comprising five levels of N viz., 0, 80, 120,160, and 200 kg/ha and three plant spacings viz., 60cm x 60cm, 60cm × 45cm, and 60cm × 30cm. The results revealed that the highest ascorbic acid content (50.38 mg/100g) was obtained from S60X30N0 and the highest b-carotene content (50.67 IU/100g) was found in S60X60N0. Maximum Ca (0.556%) was found in S60X60N0 whereas maximum Fe (159.002 ppm) was in S60X60N200. The maximum P content (0.081%) was observed in S60X60N160 and maximum K content (0.854%) was found in S60X45N160. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21992 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 491-504, September 2014
Boll rot of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) caused by Rhizopus 0ryzae went & prins. Geerl.- A new record in Bangladesh
Authors: Shamsi Shamim , Naher Najmun
Published: February 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21996 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 547-551, September 2014
Spectrophotometric analysis of Azithromycin and its pharmaceutical dosage forms: Comparison between Spectrophotometry and HPLC
Authors: Sharmin Nahid , Shanta Nazia Sultana , Bachar Sitesh C
Published: February 2015

A simple, reliable, precise and sensitive UV-spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of azithromycin in pharmaceutical dosage form and compared with official USP 2010 method. The proposed method utilizes the oxidation of azithromycin with potassium permanganate to liberate formaldehyde. This formaldehyde reacts with acetone-ammonium reagent and produces yellow colored chromogen 3,5-diacetyl-2,6-dihydrolutidine. The colored solution exhibited a maximum absorption at 412 nm which can be detected with UVspectrophotometer. The method was found linear over the concentration range 80% to 120% of the working concentration (R2=0.999). The intra- and inter-day RSD (n = 6) was ? 2.0%. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and values of accuracy, precision and other statistical analysis were found to be in good accordance with the prescribed values. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of azithromycin and the results have been compared with HPLC and thus enabling the utility of this new method for routine analysis azithromycin in pharmaceutical dosage forms DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i2.21981 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(2): 171-179, 2013 (December)
Tangent Dirac Structures and Poisson Dirac Submanifolds
Authors: Ali Md Showkat , Talukder MG M , Khan MR
Published: February 2015

The local equations that characterize the submanifolds N of a Dirac manifold M is an isotropic (coisotropic) submanifold of TM endowed with the tangent Dirac structure. In the Poisson case which is a result of Xu: the submanifold N has a normal bundle which is a coisotropic submanifold of TM with the tangent Poisson structure if and only if N is a Dirac submanifold. In this paper we have proved a theorem in the general Poisson case that the fixed point set MG has a natural induced Poisson structure that implies a Poisson-Dirac submanifolds, where G×M?M be a proper Poisson action. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v62i1.21955 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 62(1): 21-24, 2014 (January)
Generalized Composite Numerical Integration Rule Over a Polygon Using Gaussian Quadrature
Authors: Hossain M Alamgir , Islam Md Shafiqul
Published: February 2015

The aim of this paper is to evaluate double integrals over a polygon exploiting coordinate transformation. At first any polygon with m-sides is decomposed into (m-2) triangles. Then each triangle is transformed into a standard triangular finite element using the basis functions in local space. Then the standard triangle is decomposed into 4×n2 right isosceles triangles with side lengths 1/n, and thus composite numerical integration is employed. In addition, the affine transformation over each decomposed triangle and the use of linearity property of integrals are applied. Finally, each isosceles triangle is transformed into a 2-sqare finite element to compute new s2 sampling points and corresponding weight coefficients, using s points conventional Gaussian quadrature, which are applied again to evaluate the double integral. We demonstrate some numerical examples through the proposed method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v62i1.21956 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 62(1): 25-29, 2014 (January)
Radiative Heat and Mass Transfer of an MHD Free Convective Flow of Non-Newtonian Power-Law Fluids Along a Continuously Moving Stretching Sheet with Uniform Surface Heat Flux
Authors: Samad MA , Saha KC
Published: February 2015

An analysis is carried out to study the effects of MHD free convection heat and mass transfer of power-law non-Newtonian fluids along a stretching sheet with thermal radiation. This has been done under the simultaneous action of suction, thermal radiation and uniform transverse magnetic field. The stretching sheet is assumed to continuously moving with a power-law velocity and maintaining a uniform surface heat flux. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flow field for heat and mass transfer problem are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, using similarity transformation, and the resulting problem is solved numerically using Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique along with sixth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The results from numerical computations have been presented in the from of dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, shown graphically and discussed. A parametric study illustrating the influence of the flow field to radiation, buoyancy force, power-law fluid velocity index, Schmidt number, suction or injection parameter and uniform transverse magnetic field on the local skin friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number and the Sherwood number which are of physical and engineering interest are studied and the obtained results are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are discussed. A comparison of the present study is also performed with the previously published work and found excellent agreement DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v62i1.21958 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 62(1): 37-44, 2014 (January)
Studies on Fatty Acids Composition and Some Valuable Nutrients of Piper nigrum Linn. (Gol Morich)
Authors: Hossain Md Delowar , Paul Bishwagith Kumer , Roy Sudhangshu Umar , Saha Gour Chandra , Begum Feroza , Huq Dilruba
Published: February 2015

This study deals with physical and chemical characteristics and some nutritional properties of the fatty oil extracted from Piper nigrum Linn. (Black Pepper). The seeds of Black Pepper contained fatty acids 12.02% of which the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids contributed 68.71% and 31.29%, respectively. The fatty acids identified by GLC are lauric acid (26.93%), myristic (8.26%), palmitoleic (13.47%), palmitic (12.24%), oleic (17.82%), stearic (17.28%) and lignoceric acid (4.00%). The specific gravity and refractive index were recorded as 0.924 at 30°C and 1.461 at 26°C, respectively. The saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, acid value and percentage of unsaponifiable matter were found to be 177.92, 15.86, 472.97, 8.27 and 43.28, respectively. The moisture content (2.17%), dry matter (97.83%), ash (12.49%), nitrogen (1.85), protein (11.56%), carbohydrate (45.16%), crude fiber (16.66%) and food energy (335.06 g cal-1) showed that Black pepper seeds are good source of dietary fiber. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v62i2.21967 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 62(2): 65-68, 2014 (July)
Reducing Packet Losses in Mobile Ad Hoc Network Using the Warning Message Generated from a Routing Node
Authors: Shahariar Rezvi , Naser Abu
Published: February 2015

In mobile ad hoc network communication is performed usually by using only send and receive messages and every node is powered by limited energy from low capacity battery. Every send or receive message takes particular amount of energy from the node. So nodes total energy level gradually decreases each time while it is sending or receiving something. In this way node will die out and packets coming from the source will be dropped since one of the routing node on the current route is no longer functioning. These packet loss events are observed and minimized in this paper. In the proposed approach, when source receives Warning Message from any routing node on the ongoing route then it will stop sending packets on the ongoing route. Critical energy level of routing node has been defined to generate a Warning Message when routing nodes energy level reduces to critical energy level. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v62i2.21979 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 62(2): 141-145, 2014 (July)
An Efficient SAR Image Segmentation Framework Using Transformed Nonlocal Mean and Multi-Objective Clustering in Kernel Space
Authors: Yang Dongdong , Yang Hui , Fei Rong
Published: February 2015

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation usually involves two crucial issues: suitable speckle noise removing technique and effective image segmentation methodology. Here, an efficient SAR image segmentation method considering both of the two aspects is presented. As for the first issue, the famous nonlocal mean (NLM) filter is introduced in this study to suppress the multiplicative speckle noise in SAR image. Furthermore, to achieve a higher denoising accuracy, the local neighboring pixels in the searching window are projected into a lower dimensional subspace by principal component analysis (PCA). Thus, the nonlocal mean filter is implemented in the subspace. Afterwards, a multi-objective clustering algorithm is proposed using the principals of artificial immune system (AIS) and kernel-induced distance measures. The multi-objective clustering has been shown to discover the data distribution with different characteristics and the kernel methods can improve its robustness to noise and outliers. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is able to partition the SAR image robustly and accurately than the conventional approaches.
Redox-Regulated Pathway of Tyrosine Phosphorylation Underlies NF-κB Induction by an Atypical Pathway Independent of the 26S Proteasome
Authors: Cullen Sarah , Ponnappan Subramaniam , Ponnappan Usha
Published: February 2015

Alternative redox stimuli such as pervanadate or hypoxia/reoxygenation, induce transcription factor NF-κB by phospho-tyrosine-dependent and proteasome-independent mechanisms. While considerable attention has been paid to the absence of proteasomal regulation of tyrosine phosphorylated IκBα, there is a paucity of information regarding proteasomal regulation of signaling events distinct from tyrosine phosphorylation of IκBα. To delineate roles for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the phospho-tyrosine dependent mechanism of NF-κB induction, we employed the proteasome inhibitor, Aclacinomycin, and the phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, pervanadate (PV). Results from these studies demonstrate that phospho-IκBα (Tyr-42) is not subject to proteasomal degradation in a murine stromal epithelial cell line, confirming results previously reported. Correspondingly, proteasome inhibition had no discernable effect on the key signaling intermediaries, Src and ERK1/2, involved in the phospho-tyrosine mechanisms regulating PV-mediated activation of NF-κB. Consistent with previous reports, a significant redox imbalance leading to the activation of tyrosine kinases, as occurs with pervanadate, is required for the induction of NF-κB. Strikingly, our studies demonstrate that proteasome inhibition can potentiate oxidative stress associated with PV-stimulation without impacting kinase activation, however, other cellular implications for this increase in intracellular oxidation remain to be fully delineated.
Development of Monolithic Column Materials for the Separation and Analysis of Glycans
Authors: Alla Allan , Stine Keith
Published: February 2015

Monolithic column materials offer great advantages as chromatographic media in bioseparations and as solid-supports in biocatalysis. These single-piece porous materials have an interconnected ligament structure that limits the void volume inside the column, thus increasing the efficiency without sacrificing the permeability. The preparation of monolithic materials is easy, reproducible and has available a wide range of chemistries to utilize. Complex, heterogeneous and isobaric glycan structures require preparation methods that may include glycan release, separation and enrichment prior to a comprehensive and site-specific glycosylation analysis. Monolithic column materials aid that demand, as shown by the results reported by the research works presented in this review. These works include selective capture of glycans and glycoproteins via their interactions with lectins, boronic acids, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic/polar functional groups on monolith surfaces. It also includes immobilization of enzymes trypsin and PNGase F on monoliths to digest and deglycosylate glycoproteins and glycopeptides, respectively. The use of monolithic capillary columns for glycan separations through nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) and coupling these columns to MS instruments to create multidimensional systems show the potential in the development of miniaturized, high-throughput and automated systems of glycan separation and analysis.
Factorization and Criticality in the Anisotropic XY Chain via Correlations
Authors: Çakmak Barış , Karpat Göktuğ , Fanchini Felipe
Published: February 2015

In this review, we discuss the zero and finite temperature behavior of various bipartite quantum and total correlation measures, the skew information-based quantum coherence and the local quantum uncertainty in the thermal ground state of the one-dimensional anisotropic XY model in a transverse magnetic field. We compare the ability of the considered measures to correctly detect or estimate the quantum critical point and the non-trivial factorization point possessed by the spin chain.