bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Intelligent Risk System in the Process of Financial Audit
Authors: Xie Tianheng , Zhang Jianfang
Published: April 2022

Financial auditing is an important part of government control, and monitoring the risks of the financial system helps maintain the stability of a country’s financial system. This paper aims to study the operation of data-driven intelligent risk analysis system in the process of financial auditing. When the risk level of the financial system reaches a certain warning point, it needs to be adjusted, conduct strict audits on high-risk institutions, strengthen cooperation with financial audit institutions, and make them more systematic. Risk control within a reasonable range will neither have a significant impact on the financial system nor increase the impact on the industry. This paper proposes to integrate the internal and establish an internal control system for the financial system.. If the internal control of the financial system cannot be sustained, financial innovation will cause great damage to financial institutions if the compensation is not good. Especially in terms of access strategy, it has made a strong contribution to economic innovation. The experimental data in this paper show that more than 25% of data-driven intelligent risk analysis systems have begun to be used in the process of financial auditing. At the same time, its utilization rate is significantly increasing with the development of technology. This paper introduces the relevant content of financial auditing, analyzes the auditing systems in different fields, integrates resources, taps on multisectoral needs, establishes a cross-departmental governance system, and improves financial stability and the efficiency of a wide range of social services.
MiR-9-5p Inhibits the MMP+-Induced Neuron Apoptosis through Regulating SCRIB/β-Catenin Signaling in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Xiao Zhenyong , Yan Zhenxing , Sun Xiang , Zhu Zhiyuan , Wang Baoyan , Gao Mengqi , Lu Fengfei , Liu Jian , Zong Zhitao , Zhang Hongbo , Guo Yanwu
Published: April 2022

The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease remains unclear that there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease yet. The abnormal expressions of certain miRNA are closely related to the occurrence and progression of Parkinson’s disease. Here, we demonstrate that miR-9-5p inhibits the dopaminergic neuron apoptosis via the regulation of β-catenin signaling which directly targets SCRIB, a tumor suppressor gene. Besides, miR-9-5p improved the motor function of mice with Parkinson’s disease. The results of this study suggest that miR-9-5p might be a potential therapeutic target against Parkinson’s disease.
Evaluation System of Foreign Language Teaching Quality Based on Spatiotemporal Feature Fusion
Authors: Hao Yan , Zhu Yi
Published: April 2022

How to evaluate the teaching quality of foreign language teachers objectively and quantitatively is one of the important directions of teaching evaluation institutions and teaching and research personnel. To solve this problem, this article proposes a foreign language teaching quality evaluation system based on the integration of spatiotemporal features. Given the behavior characteristics of multiperson interaction in class, a framework-based spatiotemporal modeling method is presented in this article. Spatiotemporal modeling features are input into generalized graph convolution for feature learning. The interaction information between skeletons is designed to capture the extra interaction information to increase the accuracy of action recognition. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy and can be applied to the evaluation of foreign language teaching quality.
Recognition and Detection of Vehicle Noise and Vibration Signals Relying on Variable Step Size LMS Algorithm
Authors: Wang Rujia
Published: April 2022

Vehicle interior noise is a harmful sound formed in the vehicle interior under the influence of engine noise, transmission system noise, and body radiation noise during vehicle operation. The intensity of noise in the vehicle increases with the increase of vehicle speed and engine speed, which worsens the operating environment of the vehicle and does harm to the mood, spirit, and physiology of drivers and passengers. Because the noise is difficult to identify in the process of vehicle vibration signal recognition, aiming at the problem of vehicle vibration signal detection under the background of strong noise, combined with the characteristics of vehicle vibration signal, the variable step size LMS algorithm is applied to vehicle noise and vibration signal recognition. In this paper, based on the signal eigenvalues obtained from the vibration signal characteristics in the noise and vibration signal, the eigenvalues of the vehicle noise can be extended from the frequency domain to the complex plane through the operation of the variable step size LMS, and the separation law corresponding to the extended vibration intensity can be used at the same time. It is used to obtain data by the signal variable step size LMS algorithm, and the obtained optimal separability feature is used as the characteristic parameter of the vibration signal. Finally, the results of an example analysis show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can be used to identify different types of vehicle noise and vibration signals, has a certain anti-interference performance against noise, and can improve the recognition rate of vehicle noise and vibration signals.
Study on the Coordinated Development of Economy, Tourism, and Eco-Environment in Sanjiangyuan
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Xinna
Published: April 2022

Sanjiangyuan region is located in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, covering an area of 30.25 square kilometers, with the total population of 556000 people, including Tibetans, constituting more than 90%. Since it is the source of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Lancang River catchment area, biodiversity concentration, and a beautiful environment, known as the “Chinese water tower,” occupy an irreplaceable strategic position in national development. Although Sanjiangyuan region is blessed with unique natural landscape and rich tourism resources, its ecological environment has been seriously deteriorated due to long-term man-made destruction, backward economic development, and increasing poverty, which have seriously affected and restricted the survival and development of local ethnic groups. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.” China advocates harmonious coexistence between humans and nature and sticks to the path of green and sustainable development. At the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the rural revitalization strategy was clearly proposed, which includes not only industrial revitalization but also ecological revitalization. In this paper, the area belonging to Sanjiangyuan National Park is taken as the main research object. By constructing economic, tourism, and ecological environment (TEE) evaluation indexes, the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree models are established, and the data from 2000 to 2019 are measured. The relationship of the three indicators is analyzed, and corresponding proposals for its development are put forward, such as implementing ecological compensation mechanism to improve the level of ecosystem management; blending into ethnic cultural elements to create a unique tourist resort; paying attention to economic development quality, building energy conservation and emissions reduction green engine; Doing a good job in the top-level design of ecological economy, and promoting the coordinated development of various indicators, etc. We will focus on quality control of economic development and build green engines for energy conservation and emission reduction. We will do a good job in top-level ecological and economic design and promote coordinated development of various indicators.
Sustainable Strategic Alliance Partner Selection Using a Neutrosophic‐Based Decision‐Making Model: A Case Study in Passive Component Manufacturing
Authors: Lo Huai-Wei , Chang Dong-Shang , Huang Lee-Te
Published: April 2022

The electronics manufacturing industry is in an era of collaborative thinking and rapid change, as the rise of strategic alliances (SAs) plays a critical role in supply chain management. Strategic alliance (SA) collaboration is one of the most common strategies in the electronics industry, helping companies to complement each other. Most organizations or alliances operate together to produce more beneficial technologies for mutual benefit based on the sustainability thinking, such as in the areas of 5G, electric vehicles, aerospace, and smart healthcare. As the prompt evolution of information technology and electronics has a deep impact on global business activities, selecting partners based on a sustainability perspective is an urgent task. This paper proposes a complete sustainable SA partner selection framework to select the optimal partners. A neutrosophic‐based decision‐making model is used in the analysis. The neutrosophic ITARA technique is proposed to generate a set of criteria objective weights, and the neutrosophic TOPSIS technique is applied to determine the performance and priority of sustainable SA partners. This study introduces neutrosophic fuzzy logic to reflect the uncertainty in complex problems. Real‐world data from a multinational passive component manufacturing company are used for case demonstration and analysis. The framework and methodology proposed in this study have many contributions to the electronics industry, including the establishment of assessment criteria, the identification of criteria, and the provision of partner selection practices. For academic research, the proposed model can be replicated in other areas of assessment and selection issues.
Measures and Suggestions for Smart Community Development Based on Urban Renewal
Authors: Yang Shuyang , Guan Hongqing , Ren Chongbao , Ding Rijia
Published: April 2022

The development mode of urban construction has gradually changed from the rapid development and construction mode of new areas to the renewal of old urban areas. The old urban areas are demolished, transformed, upgraded, invested, and constructed, and the backward urban functions are replaced with new urban functions and then restore vitality and prosperity. In urban renewal, the upgrading and transformation of urban information infrastructure and intelligent systems is an important part of urban development, and the smart community construction system is a new development concept after urbanization has been updated to a certain extent. The goal is to address the disparity between the material and cultural needs of a growing population and the unbalanced and unplanned management of cities. In addition, with the rapid development of information technology, new applications and demands emerge. Based on urban renewal, this paper proposes corresponding countermeasures for the upgrading and transformation of intelligent facilities and intelligent application in the development of smart communities in combination with new technologies such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, 5G, and AI for reference in planning and design.
MiR-375-3p Promotes Cardiac Fibrosis by Regulating the Ferroptosis Mediated by GPX4
Authors: Zhuang Yu , Yang Dicheng , Shi Sheng , Wang Limin , Yu Min , Meng Xiangdong , Fan Yongliang , Zhou Ren , Wang Feng
Published: April 2022

Although coronary artery recanalization after myocardial infarction improves patient outcomes, inadequate ventricular remodeling following ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and secondary cardiac fibrosis (CF) are common and can lead to heart failure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in cardiovascular disorders. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of miRNAs in the occurrence and progression of CF has not been fully elucidated. Herein, through the construction of an I/R rat model and an angiotensin II-induced CF cell model, we evaluated the role of miR-375-3p in the progression of CF. In the I/R rat model and CF cell model, miR-375-3p promoted fibrosis by accelerating the ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes through mediating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Furthermore, we treated the rats or cell model with miR-375-3p antagomir (or inhibitor) and ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). The results showed that miR-375-3p antagomir (or inhibitor) and Fer-1 promoted the antioxidant capacity of cardiac fibroblasts, reduced GPX4-mediated ferroptosis process and alleviated I/R-induced CF. In conclusion, this study revealed that miR-375-3p directly targeted GPX4—an inhibitor of the ferroptosis pathway. Meanwhile, miR-375-3p can be a new potential biomarker for the prevention and treatment of CF.
Performance Analysis of Conventional Machine Learning Algorithms for Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy Severity Classification Using Nerve Conduction Studies
Authors: Haque Fahmida , Reaz Mamun B. I. , Chowdhury Muhammad E. H. , Kiranyaz Serkan , Ali Sawal H. M. , Alhatou Mohammed , Habib Rumana , Bakar Ahmad A. A. , Arsad Norhana , Srivastava Geetika
Published: April 2022

Background. Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a major form of complication that arises in long-term diabetic patients. Even though the application of machine learning (ML) in disease diagnosis is very common and well-established in the field of research, its application in DSPN diagnosis using nerve conduction studies (NCS), is very limited in the existing literature. Method. In this study, the NCS data were collected from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and its follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) clinical trials. The NCS variables are median motor velocity (m/sec), median motor amplitude (mV), median motor F-wave (msec), median sensory velocity (m/sec), median sensory amplitude (μV), Peroneal Motor Velocity (m/sec), peroneal motor amplitude (mv), peroneal motor F-wave (msec), sural sensory velocity (m/sec), and sural sensory amplitude (μV). Three different feature ranking techniques were used to analyze the performance of eight different conventional classifiers. Results. The ensemble classifier outperformed other classifiers for the NCS data ranked when all the NCS features were used and provided an accuracy of 93.40%, sensitivity of 91.77%, and specificity of 98.44%. The random forest model exhibited the second-best performance using all the ten features with an accuracy of 93.26%, sensitivity of 91.95%, and specificity of 98.95%. Both ensemble and random forest showed the kappa value 0.82, which indicates that the models are in good agreement with the data and the variables used and are accurate to identify DSPN using these ML models. Conclusion. This study suggests that the ensemble classifier using all the ten NCS variables can predict the DSPN severity which can enhance the management of DSPN patients.
Review of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Listeria Species: Current Knowledge and Perspectives
Authors: Espinoza-Mellado María del Rosario , Vilchis-Rangel Rodolfo E.
Published: April 2022

Listeria spp. are pathogens widely distributed in the environment and Listeria monocytogenes is associated with food-borne illness in humans. Food facilities represent an adverse environment for this bacterium, mainly due to the disinfection and cleaning processes included in good hygiene practices, and its virulence is related to stress responses. One of the recently described stress-response systems is CRISPR-Cas. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes have been found in several bacteria. CRISPR-Cas has revolutionized biotechnology since it acts as an adaptive immune system of bacteria, which also helps in the evasion of the host immune response. There are three CRISPR systems described on Listeria species. Type II is present in many pathogenic bacteria and characterized by the presence of cas9 that becomes the main target of some anti-CRISPR proteins, such as AcrIIA1, encoded on Listeria phages. The presence of Cas9, either alone or in combination with anti-CRISPR proteins, suggests having a main role on the virulence of bacteria. In this review, we describe the most recent information on CRISPR-Cas systems in Listeria spp., particularly in L. monocytogenes, and their relationship with the virulence and pathogenicity of those bacteria. Besides, some applications of CRISPR systems and future challenges in the food processing industry, bacterial vaccination, antimicrobial resistance, pathogens biocontrol by phage therapy, and regulation of gene expression have been explored.
General Solution for Unsteady MHD Natural Convection Flow with Arbitrary Motion of the Infinite Vertical Plate Embedded in Porous Medium
Authors: Haq Sami Ul , Khaliq Hammad , Jan Saeed Ullah , Alqahtani Aisha M. , Khan Ilyas , Alam Md. Nur
Published: April 2022

This article has concentrated on heat transfer analysis in the unsteady MHD natural convection flow of viscous fluid under radiation and uniform heat flux over an infinite vertical plate embedded in a porous medium. Overall solutions are found for temperature as well as velocity by the Laplace transform techniques. In the literature, the solutions that have been achieved are rare, meet with all the initial and boundary conditions imposed, and can make general solutions for any problem with motion with this form’s methodological relevance. Also, few different cases of engineering applications are discussed. Solutions are plotted graphically through the use of the Mathcad software to analyze how the variation is taking place in the physical behavior of the viscous fluid flow with respect to the change in a distinct physical parameter.
Effect of Body Size Change on Off-Center Cervical Point and Face Doses in Patients Undergoing Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Radiotherapy
Authors: Fang Meifang , Xu Lu , Wu Xianxiang , Cui Zhen , He Zelai , Zhang Haoxuan , Jin Hao
Published: April 2022

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a clinically multiple malignant tumor. At present, with the increase in the infection rate of Epstein-Barr virus, the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is also increasing day by day. To explore the effect of body size change on off-center cervical point and face doses in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing radiotherapy, in total, 100 patients with NPC from January 2019 to May 2020 in our hospital were selected for retrospective analysis, and they all received intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Bodyweight, horizontal longitudinal diameter of the odontoid process, longitudinal diameter of the third cervical spine, maximum radiation dose, and average radiation dose of normal organs in the first and last treatments were assessed, and the correlation between normal organ irradiation dose and body size was analyzed. Bodyweight, horizontal longitudinal diameter of the odontoid process, and longitudinal diameter of the third cervical spine in the last treatment were lower than those in the first treatment, with a statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference in the maximum normal organ irradiation dose to the left eyeball, right eyeball, left crystalline lens, right crystalline lens, and maximum irradiation dose to optic nerve between the last treatment and the first treatment. In the last treatment, the maximum dose to the left parotid gland, right parotid gland, spinal cord, and brain stem was higher than that in the first treatment. The average irradiation dose to the left eye bulb, right eye bulb, left lens, right lens, optic nerve in the last treatment, and that in the first treatment showed no significant difference. The average dose to the left parotid gland, right parotid gland, spinal cord, and brain stem in the last treatment was higher than that in the first treatment. The irradiation dose to the left parotid gland, right parotid gland, spinal cord, and brain stem was significantly negatively correlated with body weight, horizontal longitudinal diameter of the odontoid process, and longitudinal diameter of the third cervical spine. After NPC radiotherapy, the body size of patients can change, which can have different effects on irradiation doses. Therefore, the target area and dose should be corrected during treatment to ensure the efficacy and safety of the treatment.
Chronic Exposure to Waterpipe Smoke Elicits Immunomodulatory and Carcinogenic Effects in the Lung
Authors: Hassane Maya , Rahal Zahraa , Karaoghlanian Nareg , Zhang Jiexin , Sinjab Ansam , Wong Justin W. , Lu Wei , Scheet Paul , Lee J. Jack , Raso Maria Gabriela , Solis Luisa M. , Fujimoto Junya , Chami Hassan , Shihadeh Alan L. , Kadara Humam
Published: April 2022

Effects of waterpipe smoking on lung pathobiology and carcinogenesis remain sparse despite the worldwide emergence of this tobacco vector. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of chronic waterpipe smoke (WPS) exposure on lung pathobiology, host immunity, and tumorigenesis using an experimental animal model that is prone to tobacco carcinogens and an exploratory observational analysis of human waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers. Mice exhibited elevated incidence of lung tumors following heavy WPS exposure (5 days/week for 20 weeks) compared to littermates with light WPS (once/week for 20 weeks) or control air. Lungs of mice exposed to heavy WPS showed augmented CD8+ and CD4+ T cell counts along with elevated protumor immune phenotypes including increased IL17A in T/B cells, PD-L1 on tumor and immune cells, and the proinflammatory cytokine IL1β in myeloid cells. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed reduced antitumor immune gene signatures in animals exposed to heavy WPS relative to control air. We also performed RNA-seq analysis of airway epithelia from bronchial brushings of cancer-free waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Transcriptomes of normal airway cells in waterpipe smokers, relative to waterpipe nonsmokers, harbored gene programs that were associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, alluding to a WPS-associated molecular injury, like that established in response to cigarette smoking. Our findings support the notion that WPS exhibits carcinogenic effects and constitutes a possible risk factor for lung cancer as well as warrant future studies that can guide evidence-based policies for mitigating waterpipe smoking.

Prevention Relevance:

Potential carcinogenic effects of waterpipe smoking are very poorly understood despite its emergence as a socially acceptable form of smoking. Our work highlights carcinogenic effects of waterpipe smoking in the lung and, thus, accentuate the need for inclusion of individuals with exclusive waterpipe smoking in prevention and smoking cessation studies.
Incidence, Risk Factors, Treatment, and Outcome of Ocular Hypertension following Intravitreal Steroid Injections: A Comparative Study
Authors: Badrinarayanan Lakshmi , Rishi Pukhraj , George Ronnie , Isaac Nancy , Rishi Ekta ,   for the Sankara Nethralaya Vitreo-Retinal group (SNVR)
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To compare the incidence, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes associated with intravitreal triamcinolone-acetonide (TA) and dexamethasone-implant (Dex)-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 1,549 TA and Dex administrations in 1,075 eyes of 897 patients. Intraocular pressure (IOP) values were monitored for a period of 6 months following intravitreal injection(s) and patients were categorized as steroid-responders (SR): IOP≥21 mm Hg, and steroid non-responders (NR): IOP≤20 mm Hg. Glaucoma patients, glaucoma suspects, uveitis, trauma, and less than 1 month of IOP follow-up cases were excluded from the study. The incidence of IOP rise, time and magnitude of IOP rise, and its management procedures were studied. Ocular and systemic associations with OHT incidence were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.23 and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Twenty-eight percent of TA and 17% of Dex administered eyes developed OHT. Male subjects and elderly people (greater than 40 years of age) are at higher risk for OHT following steroid treatment. A high percentage of IOP rise was observed on day 1 (41%) for TA-SR, and after 1 month (50%) for Dex-SR. IOP rise was found to be more severe (>30 mm Hg) for TA-SR compared to Dex-SR (p = 0.006). 6% TA-SR required trabeculectomy with medically uncontrollable IOP. Myopia is a risk factor for secondary OHT, whereas diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia are protective of it. Conclusion: Twenty-eight percent of TA and 17% of Dex administrations developed OHT. Early and severe IOP rises were more common in TA than among Dex administrations. Myopia is a risk for Dex-OHT.
Efficacy and Safety of Blood Derivative Therapy for Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fei Zhangcheng , Chen Zhongsheng , Du Xi , Cao Haijun , Li Changqing
Published: April 2022

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in more than 200 million infections and 4 million deaths. The blood derivative therapy represented by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and convalescent plasma (CP) therapy may be the promising therapeutics for COVID-19. Methods: A systematic article search was performed for eligible studies published up to August 3, 2021, through the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library. The included articles were screened by using rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. All analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4. Quality of studies and risk of bias were evaluated. Results: A total of 5 IVIG therapy and 13 CP therapy randomized controlled trials were included with a sample size of 13,696 subjects diagnosed with COVID-19. IVIG could reduce the mortality compared with the control group (RR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.46–0.93, p = 0.02). The use of CP did not effectively reduce the mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.91–1.03, p = 0.38), the length of hospital stay (MD −0.47, 95% CI: −4.13 to 3.20, p = 0.80), and the mechanical ventilation use (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.89–1.07, p = 0.62) of the patients with COVID-19. Treatment with IVIG or CP was not significantly associated with an increase in reported adverse events (RR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.94–1.22, p = 0.28). Conclusions: Treatment with IVIG could be effective and safe to improve survival for patients with COVID-19. But the benefit of CP in the treatment of COVID-19 is limited. The certainty of the evidence was moderate for all outcomes.
Increased Number of Colorectal Interval Cancers in Lynch Syndrome after the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: Russo Michele , Barchi Alberto , Mannucci Alessandro , Puzzono Marta , Zuppardo Raffaella Alessia , Biamonte Paolo , Bencardino Sarah , Leandro Gioacchino , Cannizzaro Renato , Monica Fabio , Zagari Rocco Maurizio , Pasquale Luigi , Goni Elisabetta , Di Leo Milena , Ricciardiello Luigi , Cavestro Giulia Martina ,   on behalf of Italian Society of Gastroenterology (AIGO), Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SIED) and Italian Society of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy (SIGE)
Published: April 2022

Background: Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes require timely endoscopic surveillance. Methods: This study evaluated the approach of Italian gastroenterologists to the management of such patients. It then assessed the impact of SARS-CoV-2. All members affiliated with the leading Italian gastroenterology societies (AIGO, SIED, and SIGE) received an online questionnaire. Results: One hundred and twenty-one clinicians from 96 centers answered, not necessarily experts in the field (mean age 50.26 ± 11.22 years). Many collected family history for genetic risk assessment (74.4%), but only 14.0% used an online predictive software. 65.6% discussed cases in multidisciplinary units. Genetic analysis was available to most centers, but only a few hospitals offered dedicated endoscopy (19.0%), outpatient clinics (33.9%), or surgeries (23.1%). Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the number of clinicians with a high volume of patients decreased (from 38.8% to 28.1%). Almost half of the responders (45.5%) reported a delay in the surveillance (median: 4–12 months). Ultimately, 30.6% detected one interval colorectal cancer in at least one of their patients. Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic directly affected the surveillance of hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes in Italy. Endoscopic surveillance should resume in all centers to avoid the possible long-term consequences of its interruption, especially for inherited colorectal cancer syndromes.
Perceptual Disorders After Stroke: A Scoping Review of Interventions
Authors: Hazelton Christine , McGill Kris , Campbell Pauline , Todhunter-Brown Alex , Thomson Katie , Nicolson Donald J. , Cheyne Joshua D. , Chung Charlie , Dorris Liam , Gillespie David C. , Hunter Susan M. , Brady Marian C.
Published: April 2022

Perceptual disorders relating to hearing, smell, somatosensation, taste, touch, and vision commonly impair stroke survivors’ ability to interpret sensory information, impacting on their ability to interact with the world. We aimed to identify and summarize the existing evidence for perceptual disorder interventions poststroke and identify evidence gaps. We searched 13 electronic databases including MEDLINE and Embase and Grey literature and performed citation tracking. Two authors independently applied a priori–defined selection criteria; studies involving stroke survivors with perceptual impairments and interventions addressing those impairments were included. We extracted data on study design, population, perceptual disorders, interventions, and outcomes. Data were tabulated and synthesized narratively. Stroke survivors, carers, and clinicians were involved in agreeing definitions and organizing and interpreting data. From 91 869 records, 80 studies were identified (888 adults and 5 children); participant numbers were small (median, 3.5; range, 1–80), with a broad range of stroke types and time points. Primarily focused on vision (34/80, 42.5%) and somatosensation (28/80; 35.0%), included studies were often case reports (36/80; 45.0%) or randomized controlled trials (22/80; 27.5%). Rehabilitation approaches (78/93; 83.9%), primarily aimed to restore function, and were delivered by clinicians (30/78; 38.5%) or technology (28/78; 35.9%; including robotic interventions for somatosensory disorders). Pharmacological (6/93; 6.5%) and noninvasive brain stimulation (7/93; 7.5%) approaches were also evident. Intervention delivery was poorly reported, but most were delivered in hospital settings (56/93; 60.2%). Study outcomes failed to assess the transfer of training to daily life. Interventions for stroke-related perceptual disorders are underresearched, particularly for pediatric populations. Evidence gaps include interventions for disorders of hearing, taste, touch, and smell perception. Future studies must involve key stakeholders and report this fully. Optimization of intervention design, evaluation, and reporting is required, to support the development of effective, acceptable, and implementable interventions.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42019160270.
Database Metadata Standardization Processing Model Using Web Dictionary
Authors: Jeong Hana , Park Koo-Rack , Chung Young-Suk
Published: April 2022

Data quality control is an important issue these days. Improve data quality by providing consistent metadata. This study presents algorithms that facilitate standard word dictionary management for consistent metadata management. Algorithms are presented to automate synonyms management
of database metadata through web dictionary crawling. It also improves the accuracy of the data by resolving homonym distinction issues that may arise during the web dictionary crawling process. Up to now, database metadata synonyms management has been managed manually by users. So the reliability
of synonym data was poor, and a lot of time was spent. The algorithms proposed in this study bring synonym data through web dictionary crawling, thus increasing the reliability of metadata data quality compared to conventional passive management. It can also reduce the time spent on registering
and managing synonym data. Further research on the new data standardization partial automation model will need to be continued, with a detailed understanding of some of the automatable tasks in future data standardization activities.
Introduction: Participatory Budgeting as Community-Based Work
Authors: Murphy John W. , Evans Scotney D. , Minutti-Meza Miguel Angel
Published: April 2022

Participatory budgeting (PB) is seldom tied to commxunity-based philosophy, and thus is not often approached as community organizing. In this Introduction, this link is established while illustrating how the traditional stages of a PB project, such as outreach, are changed when they are conceptualized and practiced according to this philosophy. Specifically, the basic idea is that PB works best when guided by local knowledge and controlled by local participants. Also, central themes such as participation, motivation, social justice, and empowerment are facilitated by this philosophy. When treated as a community-based undertaking, the effectiveness and sustainability of PB are improved.
Comparing Post-Operative Outcomes of Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Neoadjuvant Therapy Versus Surgery First Approach
Authors: Hyman David W. , Almerey Tariq , Mujkanovic Amer , Hammons Isaac , Tice Mary , Stauffer John A.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Optimal use of surgery first (SF) vs neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still unclear. There is concern that NAT may result in worsened post-operative outcomes. Our study objectives were to show the impact of NAT on post-operative morbidity and mortality.

Methods

All patients undergoing resection for PDAC between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2020 were reviewed and those who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) were included. Demographics, perioperative details, and pathology details were gathered. Data pertaining to 90-day complications were obtained and graded according to international consensus guidelines. Those undergoing SF were compared to those who had NAT. Categorical variables were compared by Fisher’s exact test and continuous variables by Student’s t-test.

Results

Two hundred and forty-one subjects who underwent PD for PDAC were included in this review. There was no significant difference in the rate of major morbidity between subjects who received NAT vs SF (19.4 vs 20.3%, P = 1.0). Similarly, there were no significant differences in the rates of mortality (3.1 vs 4.2%, P = .742), post-operative pancreatic fistula (8.2 vs 10.5%, P = .658), or post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage (7.1 vs 7.7%, P = 1.0), respectively.

Conclusion

Post-operative outcomes are not worsened by the use of the NAT approach prior to PD for PDAC. Further investigation is needed to reveal which patient subgroups may benefit from the use of NAT, especially regarding survival.
Ground Level Falls in Patients Over 60, Do Race and Socioeconomic Status Affect Outcome?
Authors: Jones Da’keesha M. , Connelly Daniel W. , Burgess Jessica R.
Published: April 2022

Background

Falls are a significant source of morbidity, mortality, and health care spending in the elderly. The objective was to identify whether race, insurance status, and median income by zip code were associated with discharge disposition, readmission within 90 days, or mortality within 1 year of ground-level falls in patients aged 60-90.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 926 patients aged 60-90 treated for ground-level falls. We created a binomial linear regression model to identify predictors of discharge disposition, 90-day readmission, and mortality within 1 year of discharge.

Results

Length of stay (P < .01), having orthopedic surgery (P < .01), score on Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (P < .01), increasing age (P = .014), female sex (P = .05), and admission to the ICU (P = .05) were associated with discharge to a secondary facility. Readmission within 90 days was only associated with higher scores on the CCI (P < .01). Charlson Comorbidity Index (P < .0001), hospital length of stay (P < .001), and admission to the ICU (P = .015) were associated with increased mortality at 1 year.

Discussion

Predictors of discharge to another facility included hospital length of stay, having orthopedic surgery, CCI scores, increasing age, female sex, and admission to the ICU. Charlson Comorbidity Index score was the only significant predictor of readmission. Predictors of mortality at 1-year post-fall included CCI score, hospital length of stay, and admission to the ICU. Race, median income by zip code, and insurance provider were not statistically significant.
Surgical Implications of LGBTQ+ Health Disparities: A Review
Authors: Awe Adam M. , Burkbauer Laura , Pascarella Luigi
Published: April 2022

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) patients face challenging health care disparities. However, due to restrictions in reporting and collection of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) demographic data, comprehensive studies of surgical disparities in the LGBTQ+ population are limited. This review aims to summarize the existing literature describing surgical disparities in LGBTQ+ patients and to identify areas of surgical care in which further studies are warranted. This review addresses the literature in infectious diseases, substance use disorders, bariatrics, cardiovascular medicine, oncology, and laryngology as relevant to surgical practice. Understanding the current landscape of knowledge in LGBTQ+ surgical disparities and the areas where gaps in research exist will help the surgeon to create a framework of practice to provide more equitable care to LGBTQ+ patients.
Effects of Infra-malleolar Status According to Global Limb Anatomic Staging System on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Toyoshima Taku , Iida Osamu , Hata Yosuke , Okamoto Shin , Ishihara Takayuki , Nanto Kiyonori , Tsujimura Takuya , Higashino Naoko , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Mano Toshiaki
Published: April 2022

The global vascular guideline proposed a novel anatomical classification of infra-malleolar (IM) arterial lesions. We aimed to investigate the association of IM classification with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) due to isolated infrapopliteal (IP) lesions. We retrospectively analyzed 509 limbs with tissue loss in 357 patients due to isolated IP lesions who underwent endovascular therapy (EVT) between April 2010 and December 2018. The primary outcome was 1-year wound healing rate. The association of patient and anatomic characteristics with non-healing was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The 1-year cumulative wound healing rate was 59.7%. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that IM grade 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.41; P = .044), non-ambulatory status (HR, 1.49; P = .008), hemodialysis (HR, 1.37; P = .020), left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% (HR, 1.72; P = .030), and wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI) classification 4 (HR, 1.33; P = .032) were significantly associated with non-healing, whereas no below-the-ankle (BTA), below-the-knee (BTK) runoff, and Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) IP grade had no statistically significant association with non-healing. Global Limb Anatomic Staging System IM grade 2 was an independent risk factor for wound healing in patients who underwent EVT with CLTI due to isolated IP disease.
Did India’s CSR Mandate Enhance or Diminish Firm Value?
Authors: Panwar Rajat , Pandey Vivek , Suddaby Roy , Vidal Natalia G.
Published: April 2022

Can mandated adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) improve firm value? Most CSR adoption is purely voluntary. However, governments regularly encourage CSR adoption with soft regulations that vary from simply endorsing and symbolically supporting CSR to requiring the adoption of specific practices. Governments have resisted fully mandating CSR because there is some concern universally that mandated CSR may reduce firm value. There is, however, no empirical clarity as to whether mandated CSR impedes or improves firm value. We address this uncertainty by analyzing the effects of the mandated adoption of CSR that the government of India legislated in 2014. Drawing on a sample of 1,526 publicly traded firms and deploying a combinative analytical framework comprising an event study, regression discontinuity design, and a difference-in-differences technique, we conclude that India’s CSR mandate did, in fact, increase value for all firms bound by the mandate. This value-enhancing effect was greater for foreign firms relative to domestic firms. Our results refute previous research showing that India’s CSR mandate diminished firm value.
Physical and mechanical properties of hybridized elastomeric foam based on ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer, multiwall carbon nanotube, and barium titanate
Authors: Bizhani Hasti , Katbab Ali Asghar , Maroufkhani Mahshid , Verdejo Raquel
Published: April 2022

The use of hybrid fillers in rubbers can provide additional benefits to rubber foams compared to individual micro- or nano-scale particles due to an optimum packaging and synergic effects. The present work reports the development of vulcanized ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer nanocomposite hybrid foams filled with barium titanate and multiwall carbon nanotube (BT/MWCNT), prepared via a scalable protocol. The developed foams presented a high shear-thinning behavior, suggesting the formation of a 3D interconnected physical network of MWCNT within the polymer matrix. This network resulted in a notable improvement of the mechanical properties under tension and compression with increasing of MWCNT content. Also, the incorporation of MWCNT and BT enhanced thermal stability and thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, BT did not show any influence on the measured physical properties, due to the lack of interaction between BT and the EPDM matrix.
Does Religious Commitment Mediate the Association Between Acculturative Stress and Latinx Young Adults’ Tobacco Use?
Authors: Hernández Dubon Rafael E. , Willis Kelcie , Moreno Oswaldo , Everhart Robin S. , Corona Rosalie
Published: April 2022

Tobacco use is a public health priority in the Latinx community. Identifying factors associated with less tobacco use could help inform community-based prevention efforts. The present study examined whether religious commitment (intrapersonal and interpersonal) mediated the association between acculturative stress and tobacco use among 224 Latinx young adults. Participants completed a battery of measures that included cultural stressors, religious commitment, and tobacco use. Controlling for age and gender, mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect in that acculturative stress predicted greater intrapersonal religious commitment, which in turn predicted less tobacco use. There was no direct relationship between acculturative stress and tobacco use. Interpersonal religious commitment was negatively related to tobacco use, but did not mediate the association between acculturative stress and tobacco use. Findings support the need for initiatives to decrease tobacco use among Latinx young adults that include a focus on intrapersonal religious commitment in response to acculturative stress.
Areca Nut and Oral Cancer: Evidence from Studies Conducted in Humans
Authors: Warnakulasuriya S. , Chen T.H.H.
Published: April 2022

Areca nut chewing is one of the major risk factors for oral cancer, with large-magnitude risks reported in studies comparing betel quid chewers and never users, and it has been evaluated as a group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Data from a high-quality meta-analysis examining risk estimates are presented in summary form with additional information from more recent studies (pooled adjusted relative risk, 7.9; 95% CI, 7.1 to 8.7). The risk of oral cancer increases in a dose-response manner with the daily number of quids consumed and the number of years chewing. In the Indian subcontinent and in Taiwan, approximately half of oral cancers reported are attributed to betel quid chewing (population attributable fraction, 53.7% for residents in Taiwan and 49.5% for the Indian population), a disease burden that could be prevented. Oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis are 2 main oral potentially malignant disorders caused by areca nut chewing that can progress to oral cancer with continued use. Ex-chewers seem to demonstrate lower risks than current chewers, but the impact of areca nut cessation on oral cancer risk has not been scientifically evaluated on the basis of randomized controlled studies. These data strongly reconfirm that betel quid chewing, primarily areca nut use, should be taken into account in assessing the cancer risk of South Asian, East Asian populations and Pacific Islanders for the development of oral cancer.
Mathematics Difficulties and Psychopathology in School-Age Children
Authors: Wakeman Holly N. , Wadsworth Sally J. , Olson Richard K. , DeFries John C. , Pennington Bruce F. , Willcutt Erik G.
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the relationship between mathematics difficulties and psychopathology in a large community sample ( N = 881) of youth (8–18 years of age) in the United States. The primary aims of the study were to (a) test the associations between mathematics difficulties and specific components of internalizing, externalizing, attention, and social problems; (b) examine potential age and gender differences; and (c) investigate the longitudinal relationship between mathematics and psychopathology using 5-year follow-up data. Results indicated that individuals with mathematics difficulties exhibited elevations in most dimensions of psychopathology, including anxiety, depression, externalizing behaviors, attention problems, and social problems. Furthermore, mathematics impairment was associated with internalizing problems, rule-breaking behaviors, inattention, and social problems even after controlling for comorbid reading difficulties. Results suggested that the associations between mathematics and psychopathology are generally similar in males and females. Finally, preliminary longitudinal evidence suggested that initial mathematics difficulties predicted elevations of conduct disorder, rule-breaking behavior, inattention, hyperactivity, and social problems at follow-up, with several of these associations remaining significant even after controlling for initial reading. In contrast, there was no significant association between initial mathematics ability and internalizing symptoms at follow-up, demonstrating some amelioration of internalizing symptoms over time.
Effects of Score Study and Conducting Gesture on Collegiate Musicians’ Ability to Detect Errors in a Choral Score
Authors: Montemayor Mark , Nápoles Jessica , Silvey Brian A. , Wiese Lia
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of score study and conducting gesture on collegiate musicians’ ability to detect errors in a choral score. Is there a combined effect of gesture and score study that impacts undergraduate conductors’ identification of errors in a score? Participants ( N = 53) viewed a sequence of four choral score excerpts presented via Zoom video conferencing. We asked participants to identify errors under one of four conditions: score study with a correct model recording, conducting with a simple timekeeping pattern while listening, both score study and conducting, or neither. After listening to each excerpt, participants notified the researcher about the exact location, voice part, and error type of any error that they heard. There were significant differences among conditions, with post hoc tests indicating superior error detection scores for the score study conditions. Conducting during the error detection task resulted in lower error detection scores, especially when not preceded by score study with a correct aural model.