bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why some leaders qualify for hate: an empirical examination through the lens of followers’ perspective
Authors: Sharma Gunjan , Kulshreshtha Kushagra
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The leaders’ perception about self and the opinion of the subordinates about them is crucial to understand why some leaders qualify for hate. Much has been discussed on the positive and ethical side of leadership. However, the research on the darker side of leadership needs more attention. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the factors along with their impact responsible for hate-for-leaders, a relatively scant area of leadership. This study may facilitate understanding why some leaders become subject to hate despite many efforts by the organization.

Design/methodology/approach

For exploring the different factors responsible for hate-for-leaders, a survey was conducted by developing a scale using the focus group, Delphi technique, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results were analysed using structural equation modelling.

Findings

The factors responsible for qualifying the leaders for hate were identified. Moreover, the results indicated that the subordinate hate the leaders for his/her unacceptable behaviour/actions which they assume the leader has control over it and exhibited otherwise intentionally on targeted employees. Moreover, some undesirable behaviour of leaders is attributed to fundamental attribution errors i.e. situational factors.

Practical implications

A fully developed scale for assessing the hate-quotient for leaders is proposed. This research will facilitate the managers/leaders as to why some of the followers/employees hate them. This scale provides an opportunity for managers and leaders to introspect themselves for improved workplace relationships and not to encourage sunflower management that seeks to get submissive and aligned-thought employees around the leader.

Originality/value

The fact that the decisions taken by managers/leaders adversely affecting the employees are not always because of malice or wrong intentions but sometimes due to situational factors i.e. fundamental attribution error. Moreover, the scale act as a reference to evaluate the hate-for-leaders in the organizational context.
The effects of professionalism and behavior by organizational citizenship (OCB) as mediating variables on the effect of personality on performance (a study on Makassar Police)
Authors: Nurrohmat Noviana
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This study aims to determine the effect of personality on professionalism.

Design/methodology/approach

This research was conducted in Makassar Police Office in Makassar City. The reason for conducting the research in the police officer was the low performance of police officers in Makassar Police while the workload was very high. The population in this study were all 1,185 police officers in Makassar Police Office. Using the probability sampling technique, there were 299 police officers selected as respondents. Further, this study employs descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis using generalized structure component analysis (GSCA) as data analysis methods.

Findings

The result found that there is a significant effect of personality on professionalism and OCB. Different results are obtained on the effect of personality on performance, which has no significant effect. However, there is an indirect effect of personality on performance through professionalism and OCB as mediating variables. The results also found that there is a significant influence between Professionalism on OCB and performance, as well as a significant influence between OCB on Performance.

Originality/value

This study focus to determine the effect of personality on professionalism. It has never been done before, so this study will contribute a new empirical explanation on both relationships. In addition to differences in the use of constructs and measurements, this research is also different in terms of the analysis unit. This study examines the effect of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on the performance of members/employees. This research is different from previous researches which generally examine the effect of OCB with group performance such as performed by George and Bettenhausen (1990), Podsakoff et al. (1997), which both found a close association between OCB and group performance. This study examines the performance of individual members because the tasks of members of the police force require professional ability in individuals who are expected to give a good image to the police in general.
How management education is engaging students in the sustainable development goals
Authors: Weybrecht Giselle
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to explore if, and how, business schools globally have been engaging their students in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), both inside and outside the classroom, since the SDGs were agreed upon in 2015 until mid-2020.

Design/methodology/approach

The data is collected from information submitted as part of reporting requirements to the United Nations Principle for Responsible Management Education over the time in question. This paper outlines the range of approaches being reported on which specifically relate to students and explicitly mention the SDGs.

Findings

The results show that although there are a growing number of innovative approaches that could become the basis for the way management education approaches the SDGs moving forward, the majority of schools are not engaging their students in the SDGs. Of those schools that are, most offer limited evidence of it being embedded into the core of what students are learning or of it being approached in an interdisciplinary way. Business graduates are not being exposed to the SDGs in a way that connects them to “business as usual”. This is a missed opportunity for the students, the universities and the global community, given the important influence that management education, and the business sector by extension, has the realisation of the goals.

Originality/value

The results can help inform and inspire higher education institutions to engage students in the SDGs. A methodology to measure the degree of engagement is presented, which can then be used as a tool to benchmark progress.
The role of cultural values in consumers' evaluation of online review helpfulness: a big data approach
Authors: Filieri Raffaele , Mariani Marcello
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Online consumer reviews are increasingly used by third-party e-commerce organizations to shed light on the positive and negative sides of the brands they sell. However, the large number of consumer reviews requires these organizations to shortlist the most helpful ones to cope with information overload. A growing number of scholars have been investigating the determinants of review helpfulness; however, little is known about the influence of cultural factors in consumer's evaluation of review helpfulness.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has adopted Hofstede's cultural values framework to assess the influence of cultural factors on review helpfulness. We used a sample of 570,669 reviews of 851 hotels published by reviewers from 81 countries on Booking.com.

Findings

Findings reveal that reviewers from cultural contexts that score high on power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and indulgence are more likely to write helpful reviews.

Originality/value

This is one of the first cross-cultural studies in marketing using a big data approach in examining how users of reviews from different countries evaluate the helpfulness of online reviews.
Student perception of their knowledge of social entrepreneurship: gender gap and disciplinary analysis of an Ashoka Changemaker campus in Latin America
Authors: Vázquez-Parra José Carlos , Amézquita-Zamora Juan Alberto , Ramírez-Montoya María Soledad
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The objective of the study was to analyze the perception of knowledge and experience development in social entrepreneurship in students of a university certified by Ashoka as a Changemaker campus and to identify data that argue for equitable training among all students regardless of gender and discipline studied.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors evaluated the perception of knowledge about social entrepreneurship of a group of students from a university certified as Ashoka Changemaker Campus to check if there are differences by gender and disciplinary area. The population was 140 students, to whom a validated instrument was applied.

Findings

The results shed light on the few differences among students in the business, engineering and health sciences disciplines compared to those enrolled in the humanities and social sciences concerning knowledge and experience in social entrepreneurship. The findings also indicate gender equality in the perception of knowledge and experience of innovation and social entrepreneurship.

Research limitations/implications

The sample size in the different disciplinary areas is a limitation of this research. However, the findings are valuable in terms of gender and the study being conducted in the first university certified as a Changemaker Campus in Latin America.

Practical implications

Underlying the statistics and the hypotheses is important in improving students' experience and expanding their equitable opportunities to learn about and implement innovative proposals for social entrepreneurship projects.

Social implications

Training in equality and inclusion contributes to an equitable and socially just society, especially when this training aims to bring new possibilities to society. This study links with those that have been conducted in other institutions, where conscious efforts have been made to reduce the gender gap or differences by disciplinary area when undertaking social entrepreneurship projects that connect sectors for social benefit. This research also argues for the need to identify the impact of other cultural elements, in addition to the knowledge provided by universities, that reduce the gap among their students.

Originality/value

This study is original because of its hypotheses about university students' social entrepreneurship projects, being conducted in a special environment (Ashoka Changemaker campus) in Latin America. The data were analyzed under hypothesis testing, contrasting the empirical evidence with the theoretical assumptions.
Modeling resilient factors of the supply chain
Authors: Yadav Ajeet Kumar , Samuel Cherian
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to study the concept, characteristics and factors of the resilient supply chain (RSC) and develop a hierarchical structural model and classify the factors based on their interrelationships.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper has used a mixed-approach of literature review and expert opinion to identify the factors of RSC. For the development of the structural model and clustering of the factors, this paper has used the total interpretive structural modeling approach with Matrice d’Impacts Croises-Multiplication Applique and Classment and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory analysis.

Findings

In total, this study has identified 17 factors that enable the 3R capability of the RSC. The result shows that the factors have a close dependence relationship with supply chain (SC) risk management culture as the most influencing factor. Further, this study classifies the factors into enablers and strategies.

Research limitations/implications

This research work is the theoretical contribution to the RSC concept and helps the experts to develop and improve the resilient ability in the SC. This research is based entirely on subjective expert feedback; thus, the results are sensitive to the expert’s judgment.

Practical implications

This research will help the decision-makers in allocating the resources and policies to develop or improve the SC capabilities.

Originality/value

This research work is the first kind of research in the field of the RSC that considers the 3R concept to identify and model the resilient factors of the SC. Along with the theoretical concept, this research provides empirical evidence for the importance ranking of the factors.
Airline revenue planning and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vinod Ben
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The static world of flight scheduling where schedules rarely change once published is becoming more responsive with schedule change updates leading up to the departure date due to demand volatility and unpredictable demand patterns. Innovation in cash flow generation will take center stage to operate the business in these uncertain times. Forecasting demand for future flights is a challenge since historical demand patterns are not meaningful which requires a new adaptive robust revenue management approach that monitors key metrics, detects anomalies and quickly takes corrective action when performance targets cannot be achieved.

Design/methodology/approach

The novel COVID-19 pandemic decimated the travel industry in 2020 and continues to plague us with no end in sight. With the steep drop in revenues, airlines need to adapt to a new marketing planning process of scheduling, pricing and revenue management that is more nimble to adapt quickly to changing market conditions. This new approach will continue to be relevant in a post-COVID-19 world during and after economic recovery.

Findings

A methodology for airline revenue planning: scheduling, airline pricing and revenue management, has been proposed that will also work in a post-COVID-19 era.

Research limitations/implications

The limitation of the proposed model is that it needs to be applied in practice to determine the true benefits of this novel approach to airline revenue planning.

Practical implications

Flight scheduling will rely more on clean sheet scheduling, schedule revisions and close in refleeting to better match demand to supply. The office of the chief financial officer will have a permanent task force to monitor cash flow and come up with innovative solutions to generate cash flow for liquidity. Adaptive robust revenue management workflows will be integrated into traditional revenue management workflows in the future for competitive advantage.

Social implications

In a post-COVID-19 world it is anticipated that airline business processes will transform to be nimbler and more proactive in making timely decisions at a greater velocity.

Originality/value

The approach to airline revenue planning for scheduling, pricing and revenue management is a new business process that does not exist today at scale in the airline industry.
A new EDAS method based on prospect theory for Pythagorean fuzzy set and its application in selecting investment projects for highway
Authors: Li Peng , Liu Ju , Wei Cuiping , Liu Jian
Published: July 2021

Purpose

China is a critical factor for constructing an all-round well-off society. Infrastructure construction, especially high-grade highways, in the western area is an essential component of the strategy for large-scale development of west China. It is crucial to evaluate investment projects for high-grade highways and select the best one. Testing investment projects and selecting the best one can be recognized as a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In this process, decision-makers (DMs) usually face with uncertain information because of complicated decision environment or their limited knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

A new Evaluation based on the Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) for PFS based on the DEMATEL is proposed: The authors offer a new score function and prove some properties for the score function. They put forward a novel Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method for PFS to analyze the relations of criteria and get criteria weights. Considering the bounded rationality of DM, the authors propose a new EDAS method for PFS based on prospect theory. They apply their proposed approach to a western city's actual case in selecting a suitable project for building a high-grade highway.

Findings

By comparison, the authors can observe that our method has some traits: (1) considering bounded rationality of DM; (2) fewer computation; (3) having the ability to obtain the relation of criteria and finding the critical factor in the decision system.

Originality/value

In this paper, the authors propose a new EDAS method for PFS based on the DEMATEL technique. They transform PFS into crisp numbers by their proposed new score function for PFN to make the decision process more convenient. Then, the authors use the DEMATEL method to obtain the relationship between criteria and criteria weights. Furthermore, they propose a new EDAS method for PFS based on DEMATEL to reduce the computational complexity. Finally, they apply our method to a real case and compare our method with two traditional methods.
The relevance of inter-market research to knowledge accessibility in property markets: lessons for Nigeria from the UK
Authors: Onwuanyi Ndubisi , Oyetunji Abiodun Kolawole
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This paper explores the relevance of inter-market research to improving knowledge in property markets. It focuses on Nigeria's emergent property market which JLL (2018) suggests is information challenged. Given the country's lack of property data management, it is posited that inter-market studies can help to improve information supply and market knowledge. Inter-market research in Nigeria is compared with the UK's established market where such research is a key information source.

Design/methodology/approach

An online database search was used to collate published intra-market and inter-market research on Nigeria's property market between 2009 and 2019. The inter-market research were thereafter examined as to volume and scope (geographical and thematic) and compared with the UK's.

Findings

Relative to the UK, the volume as well as scope (geographical and thematic) of inter-market research in Nigeria are respectively far lower and narrower, thereby producing less information overall. Only a few Nigerian studies provide insights of two or more local markets. There is little or no research on many important market issues and other urban markets in the system. This suggests that inter-market research is relatively undeveloped in Nigeria.

Research limitations/implications

The online search approach used to assemble extant research in the absence of a research repository may have resulted in the omission of some inter-market research undertaken between 2009 and 2019 if these were not published online.

Practical implications

The dearth of inter-market research in Nigeria suggests an inadequately researched market. This limits market information, market knowledge, suggests a low market competitiveness with implications for development in view of the role of property in the modern economy.

Originality/value

In view of the little attention given to inter-market research in Nigeria, this study draws attention to its potential for improving market knowledge by the production of information which has a wider market relevance.
Motives behind the return anomaly around bonus issue announcements: the case of emerging markets
Authors: Isiker Murat , Tas Oktay
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the stock return behaviour around the bonus issue announcements in eight emerging markets for 2010–2019 by addressing the signalling, cash substitution and liquidity hypotheses.

Design/methodology/approach

Besides using the standard event study technique to test the presence of an anomaly, country-based regression analyses are performed. Firm-specific factors are used to understand the motive behind the anomaly observed pre- and post-announcement periods. Also, the Amihud illiquidity measure examines the liquidity hypothesis, while standardized profitability and investment ratios compare the long-run operational performance of bonus issuers to test the validity of signalling.

Findings

The findings provide evidence that abnormal returns can be detected ten days before the announcement in some countries, which is a sign of information leakage. The presence of the effect continues only in two countries after the announcement is released. The size of the bonus issue is found strongly significant in most countries, while a weak relation between abnormal return and other factors is detected. Moreover, the signalling hypothesis does not hold in the sense of long-run profitability increase, while liquidity assertion is partially presented.

Research limitations/implications

Due to an inadequate number of announcements in other emerging markets, the number of sample countries is limited by eight.

Originality/value

The research is novel regarding analyzing a wide range of emerging countries with various variables. Also, the paper is distinguished from other studies by applying multiple set of regressions under nine different event windows.
Accounting for gaming in the time of plague: COVID-19 in Macau
Authors: Noronha Carlos , Guan Jieqi , Sio Sandy Hou In
Published: July 2021

Purpose

While the COVID-19 virus has been spreading worldwide, some studies have related the pandemic with various aspects of accounting and therefore emphasized the importance of accounting research in understanding the impact of COVID-19 on society as a whole. Recent studies have looked into such an impact on various industries such as retail and agriculture. The current study aims at applying a sociological framework, sociology of worth (SOW), to the gaming industry in Macau, the largest operator of state-allowed gambling and entertainment in China, which will allow for its development during the COVID-19 pandemic to be charted.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses the theory of SOW as a framework and collects data from various sources, such as the government, gaming operators and the public, to create timelines and SOW frameworks to analyze the impact of the virus on the gaming industry and the society as a whole.

Findings

Detailed content analysis and the creation of different SOW matrices determined that the notion of a “lonely economy” during a time of a critical event may be ameliorated in the long term through compromises of the different worlds and actors of the SOW.

Practical implications

Though largely theory-based, this study offers a thorough account of the COVID-19 incident for both the government and the gaming industry to reflect on and to consider new ways to fight against degrowth caused by disasters or crises.

Social implications

The SOW framework divides society into different worlds of different worths. The current study shows how the worths of the different worlds are congruent during normal periods, and how cracks appear between them when a sudden crisis, such as COVID-19, occurs. The article serves as a social account of how these cracks are formed and how could they be resolved through compromise and reconstruction.

Originality/value

This study is a first attempt to apply SOW to a controversial industry (gaming) while the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are ongoing. It offers a significant contribution to the social accounting literature through its consideration of the combination of unprecedented factors in a well-timed study that pays close attention to analyses and theoretical elaboration.
From snacking on diversity and inclusion to systemic organizational consumption
Authors: Roberts Robin
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Most global organizations have a diversity and inclusion (D&I) statement and initiatives to advance equity within their organizations though minimal traction is evidenced by what is espoused. This paper aims to demonstrate how to make progress in D&I generalizable to global workplaces.

Design/methodology/approach

Approaching D&I initiatives as collectivist working society bridges gaps in resourcing, powering and actualizing D&I organizationally unlike being demonstrated in companies where D&I is facilitated by majority groups.

Findings

Qualitative studies show that though people believe they are behaving morally toward others, they mostly have hidden concerns about infringing on discrimination laws.

Originality/value

This paper provides human resource practitioners with a systemic method of advancing D&I equitably while promoting organizational citizenship comparable to thriving workplaces.
The importance of vitellogenin receptors in the oviposition of the pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata
Authors: Yang Zhi‐Ming , Lu Tian‐Yu , Wu Yong , Yu Na , Xu Guang‐Ming , Han Qian‐Qian , Liu Ze‐Wen
Published: July 2021

Vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is crucial for vitellogenin (Vg) uptake by oocytes. VgR is less known in Arachnida, especially in spiders. Different from only one VgR in an arthropod species, two VgRs, VgR‐1 and VgR‐2, were found in the pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata. Both VgRs had the typical domains of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor family except for the absence of the ligand‐binding domain 1 in VgR‐2. Spatiotemporal expression profiles showed that two VgR genes were consistently highly expressed in females and their ovaries, but VgR‐1 was 48‐fold that of VgR‐2 in ovaries. The transcriptional level of VgR‐1 was significantly downregulated by RNAi, but it did not work for VgR‐2 although several trials were performed. Vg‐1 and Vg‐2 might be the ligands of VgR‐1 because their expressions were also decreased in the dsVgR‐1‐treated females. Silencing VgR‐1 prolonged the pre‐oviposition period by 56 h. The expression of VgRs and Vgs were upregulated by juvenile hormones (JHs), which suggested that JHs were the essential factors to vitellogenesis in the spider. The present study revealed the importance of VgR‐1 in the spider oviposition, which will improve the understanding on VgR physiological functions in spiders.
Fertility preservation and sperm donation in transgender individuals: The current situation within the French CECOS network
Authors: Eustache Florence , Drouineaud Véronique , Mendes Nicolas , Delépine Béatrice , Dupont Charlotte , Mirallié Sophie , Papaxanthos Aline , Metzler‐Guillemain Catherine , Rives‐Feraille Aurélie , Magnan Fanny , Grèze Cécile , Hennebicq Sylviane , Koscinski Isabelle , Drapier Hortense , Frapsauce Cynthia , Mayeur Anne , Carlotti Marie‐Ange , Mons Joffrey , Schmitt Françoise , May‐Panloup Pascale , Blagosklonov Oxana , Brugnon Florence , Mestres Stéphanie , Cabry Rosalie , Fauque Patricia , Loup‐Cabaniols Vanessa , Ravel Célia , Lévy Rachel , Patrat Catherine , Thibault Emmanuelle , Frydman Nelly , Bujan Louis , Morinière Catherine , Ducrocq Bérengère , Rives Nathalie
Published: July 2021

Background

Many studies reported that reproductive desire could be high among transgender individuals. In France, fertility preservation and sperm donation were very little proposed to transgender individuals until recently, mainly because the Bioethics Law allows the use of assisted reproductive technologies only in infertile couples and prohibits surrogacy.

Objectives

To evaluate the distribution of care on the French territory concerning fertility preservation and sperm donation in transgender individuals.

Materials and methods

A multicentric national survey was carried out between January 2019 and October 2020 in 28 assisted reproductive technology centres of the French CECOS (Centres d'Etudes et de Conservation des Oeufs et du Sperme) network. Each centre was questioned to find out how many transgender individuals came, were informed and cared for fertility preservation and sperm donation.

Results

Concerning fertility preservation, 71.4% of centres received transgender individuals and performed gamete cryopreservation; 581 transgender individuals consulted for fertility preservation. Transgender women were more likely to desire (p < 0.0001) and achieve (p < 0.0001) fertility preservation than transgender men. Concerning sperm donation in couples including a transgender man, 68% of centres offer the complete course from the first consultation to the completion of the assisted reproductive technology cycles; 122 offsprings have been conceived with sperm donation in couples including a transgender man since 1999.

Discussion

Our results showed that even if all centres do not propose fertility preservation or sperm donation in transgender individuals, these assisted reproductive technologies are present throughout the French territory. The major point is that both fertility preservation and sperm donation in transgender individuals have grown significantly and that the care of these patients is improving year after year.

Conclusion

In France, most of CECOS centres can take care of transgender individuals for fertility preservation and sperm donation. The French Bioethics Law allows these latter, and transgender individuals can benefit from a financial support of the national health care insurance for fertility preservation and sperm donation.
Determinants of Earnings and Gender Earnings Gaps among Highly Educated Workers within Major Cities in Asian Countries*
Authors: Takeuchi Mamiko
Published: July 2021

The present paper analyzes determinants of earnings and the gender earnings gap among highly educated younger workers from nine major cities in Asian countries. We identify skill premiums for both men and women in each city, such as holding a postgraduate degree or degrees in specific fields and experience working or studying abroad. These results show that competition for earnings among highly educated younger workers has been increasing in these cities. Furthermore, the results reveal that, despite being quite narrow, significant gender gaps do exist; the means of log female earnings in each city range between 95.6 and 97.9 percent of those of men. Individuals having natural science degrees or managerial positions possibly affects these small gender gaps in some cities.
Effects of Chinese wolfberry and astragalus extracts on growth performance, pork quality, and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism regulation in Tibetan fragrant pigs
Authors: Hao Zhuang , Li Zhen , Huo Jinjin , Chu Yaocheng , Li Jiandong , Yu Xiaohong , Liu Fenghua , Yin Peng
Published: July 2021

We studied the effects of wolfberry and astragalus extract on the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of Tibetan fragrant pigs, and we want to explain the mechanism of the difference from the level of RNA Seq. Twelve healthy 120‐day‐old Tibetan fragrant pigs weighing 35 ± 2 kg were divided randomly into two groups, each with six pigs. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the wolfberry and astragalus extract (WAE) group was fed a basal diet +1‰ of WAE. The experimental period was 90 days. Compared with the control group, the growth performance of the WAE group was significantly improved (p < .05), pork marble score significantly improved (p < .05), vitamin E content significantly increased (p < .05), unsaturated fatty acid content significantly increased (p < .05). A total of 256 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, among which 114 were up‐regulated and 142 were down‐regulated. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were related to biological functions, such as monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, lipoprotein decomposition, and lipase activity. Pathway analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis regulation, glycerin metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide regulation in fat. WAE improved Tibetan fragrant pigs growth performance. By intervening in key genes related to fatty acid metabolism, the unsaturated fatty acid contents in pork were regulated, which improved the nutritional value of the pork.
Is transportation a risk factor for African swine fever transmission in Australia: a review
Authors: Neumann EJ , Hall WF , Dahl J , Hamilton D , Kurian A
Published: July 2021

African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease of the pigs that was first described in Africa during the early part of the twentieth century. The disease has periodically occurred outside of Africa, including an ongoing epidemic in Europe and Asia that started in 2007; the disease has never occurred in Australia or New Zealand. Once introduced into a country, spread can occur through direct and indirect routes of transmission. Infected feral pig populations have the potential to act as a long‐term reservoir for the virus, making eradication difficult.

Just before and throughout the period of clinical signs, ASF virus is shed in oronasal fluids, urine, faeces and blood. This results in contamination of the pig's environment, including flooring, equipment and vehicles. Transportation‐related risk factors therefore are likely to play an important role in ASF spread, though evidence thus far has been largely anecdotal.

In addition to the existing AUSVETPLAN ASF plan, efforts should be made to improve transportation biosecurity, from the time a pig leaves the farm to its destination. Collection of data that could quantify the capabilities and capacity of Australia to clean and disinfect livestock trucks would help to determine if private and/or public sector investment should be made in this area of biosecurity. No peer‐reviewed research was identified that described a specific process for cleaning and disinfecting a livestock truck known to be contaminated with ASF virus, though literature suggests that transportation is an important route of transmission for moving the virus between farms and countries.
Oxaliplatin immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia: Is there a role for premedication or desensitization?
Authors: Gal Strauss , Noa Markovits , Ofer Margalit , Naama Halpern , Ben Boursi , Einat Shacham‐Shmueli
Published: July 2021

Oxaliplatin is a common chemotherapy agent that is used in the treatment of multiple solid malignancies. Immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia is a rare and potentially life‐threatening adverse effect of oxaliplatin that is characterized by severe thrombocytopenia, which may be accompanied by overt bleeding. This adverse effect is probably mediated via anti‐platelet antibodies that become reactive in the presence of oxaliplatin. Due to its rarity and severity, information is scarce regarding the effect of desensitization or attempts at rechallenge after prolonged withdrawal of oxaliplatin. This short report describes 3 cases of oxaliplatin immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia, including a case occurring under desensitization protocol and a case of recurrence after a prolo nged withdrawal. All 3 patients are female, have prolonged exposures to oxaliplatin and were all treated for metastatic colorectal cancer. Physicians should be aware of oxaliplatin immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia as symptoms may appear rapidly. Oxaliplatin should be permanently discontinued for patients experiencing this adverse effect, as recurrence is highly likely even in the setting of desensitization.
Variety is the spice of life: How emotional diversity is associated with better student engagement and achievement
Authors: King Ronnel B. , Frondozo Cherry Eron
Published: July 2021

Background

Past studies on emotions have mostly focused on mean levels of positive and negative emotions. In recent years, the concept of emotional diversity (emodiversity) which refers to the variety and relative abundance of emotions was introduced and was found to have important implications for mental and physical health. However, its role in the educational context is unexplored.

Aims

The current study aimed to examine how emodiversity is associated with indicators of optimal school functioning including engagement and achievement.

Sample(s)

Four hundred four Filipino high school students (M = 14.34, SD = 1.47; 55% female) and 10 class teachers participated in the study.

Methods

Students completed surveys measuring their emotions, emodiversity, and engagement, while class teachers rated their students’ engagement. Finally, grades from the school were obtained at the end of the semester.

Results

Positive emodiversity—diversity of positive emotional experiences—was an independent predictor of academic engagement and school achievement over and above mean levels of positive and negative emotions. These results were found to generalize to self‐reported and teacher‐reported outcomes as well as more objective measures of achievement. Moreover, findings remained robust after controlling for demographic variables such as gender and year level.

Conclusions

Positive emodiversity is associated with higher engagement and achievement suggesting the importance of emodiversity in the educational context.
Major and recent trends in creativity research: An overview of the field with the aid of computational methods
Authors: Mejia Cristian , D'Ippolito Beatrice , Kajikawa Yuya
Published: July 2021

The present article explores 98 years of creativity research [1922–2020] covering more than 38,000 academic articles on the topic. By applying computational methods rooted in network analysis and text mining, we uncover a history of creativity research spread through 12 major topics of inquiry, including, among others, the psychology of creativity, organisational creativity, creative industries, and idea generation. We also unpack recent trends within the growing body of literature, with a particular focus on business and management. These trends, 36 in total, cover a variety of topics, from the discussions of cultural psychology and distributed creativity to the role that virtual worlds play in the generation of creative outputs. Digitalisation, interdisciplinarity, and multiculturalism emerge as transversal topics across the recent developments. Finally, we discuss how computational methods can help develop comprehensive snapshots of large research fields such as that of creativity and draw subsequent policy implications.
Emergence of non‐artificial intelligence digital health innovations in ophthalmology: A systematic review
Authors: Tseng Rachel Marjorie Wei Wen , Tham Yih‐Chung , Rim Tyler Hyungtaek , Cheng Ching‐Yu
Published: July 2021

The prominent rise of digital health in ophthalmology is evident in the current age of Industry 4.0. Despite the many facets of digital health, there has been a greater slant in interest and focus on artificial intelligence recently. Other major elements of digital health like wearables could also substantially impact patient‐focused outcomes but have been relatively less explored and discussed. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate the use of non‐artificial intelligence digital health tools in ophthalmology. 53 papers were included in this systematic review ‐ 25 papers discuss virtual or augmented reality, 14 discuss mobile applications and 14 discuss wearables. Most papers focused on the use of technologies to detect or rehabilitate visual impairment, glaucoma and age‐related macular degeneration. Overall, the findings on patient‐focused outcomes with the adoption of these technologies are encouraging. Further validation, large‐scale studies and earlier consideration of real‐world barriers are warranted to enable better real‐world implementation.
Potential association between public medical insurance, waitlist mortality, and utilization of living donor liver transplantation: An analysis of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients
Authors: Emamaullee Juliet A. , Aljehani Mayada , Hogen Rachel V.T. , Zhou Kali , Lee Jerry S.H. , Sher Linda S. , Genyk Yuri S.
Published: July 2021

Background

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) and subsequent Medicaid expansion has increased utilization of public health insurance. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) increases access to transplant and is associated with improved survival but consistently represents < 5% of LT in the United States.

Study design

National registry data were analyzed to evaluate the impact of insurance payor on waitlist mortality and LDLT rates at LDLT centers since implementation of the ACA.

Results

Public insurance [Medicare RR 1.18 (1.13–1.22) P < .001, Medicaid RR 1.22 (1.18–1.27) P < .001], Latino ethnicity (P < .001), and lower education level (P = .02) were associated with increased waitlist mortality at LDLT centers. LDLT recipients were more likely to have private insurance (70.4% vs. 59.4% DDLT, P < .001), be Caucasian (92.1% vs. 83% DDLT, P < .001), and have post‐secondary education (66.8% vs. 54.1% DDLT, P < .001). Despite 78% of LDLT centers being located in states with Medicaid expansion, there was no change in LDLT utilization among recipients with Medicaid (P = .196) or Medicare (P = .273).

Conclusion

Despite Medicaid expansion, registry data suggests that patients with public medical insurance may experience higher waitlist mortality and underutilize LDLT at centers offering LDLT. It is possible that Medicaid expansion has not increased access to LDLT.
A parallel test of the SCRAM‐CAM transdermal monitors ensuring reliability
Authors: van Egmond Kelly , Wright Cassandra J. C. , Livingston Michael , Kuntsche Emmanuel
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Previous studies validating the transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) as measured by the Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitors Continuous Alcohol Monitoring (SCRAM‐CAM) have tested the monitor against self‐reports or breath alcohol concentration (BrAC). This study aims to provide further evidence of the reliability of the SCRAM‐CAM testing two monitors in parallel.

Methods

Participants (N = 21) received four standard drinks in a laboratory session while wearing SCRAM‐CAMs simultaneously on their left and right ankles. The SCRAM‐CAMs sampled TAC every 30 min and participants were monitored for at least 2–3 h after their BrAC levels reached zero. Weight and height measures were taken to calculate body mass index (BMI).

Results

There was a positive correlation between the TAC measurements from the left and right SCRAM‐CAM (r = 0.718), a cross‐correlation model revealed that this correlation was not significantly different for sex or BMI. Area under the TAC curve (AUC) and peak TAC values as measured by the left and right SCRAM‐CAM also show positive correlations (r = 0.554 and r = 0.579, respectively). Cross‐correlation models show a significant effect of BMI on the relationship between left and right peak TAC values, which may be due to outlier effects. No further effects were significant for on both peak and AUC values.

Discussion and Conclusions

Results show that TAC measured by SCRAM‐CAMs worn on the left and right showed a good correlation, with correlations between AUC and peak TAC values considered to be fair. TAC monitors show promise for use in research settings; however, work is needed testing the reliability of TAC as measured by two TAC monitors.
Mitochondria and oxygen homeostasis
Authors: Mori Mateus P. , Penjweini Rozhin , Knutson Jay R. , Wang Ping‐yuan , Hwang Paul M.
Published: July 2021

Molecular oxygen possesses a dual nature due to its highly reactive free radical property: it is capable of oxidizing metabolic substrates to generate cellular energy, but can also serve as a substrate for genotoxic reactive oxygen species generation. As a labile substance upon which aerobic life depends, the mechanisms for handling cellular oxygen have been fine‐tuned and orchestrated in evolution. Protection from atmospheric oxygen toxicity as originally posited by the Endosymbiotic Theory of the Mitochondrion is likely to be one basic principle underlying oxygen homeostasis. We briefly review the literature on oxygen homeostasis both in vitro and in vivo with a focus on the role of the mitochondrion where the majority of cellular oxygen is consumed. The insights gleaned from these basic mechanisms are likely to be important for understanding disease pathogenesis and developing strategies for maintaining health.
The role of understudied post‐translational modifications for the behavior and function of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3
Authors: Diallo Mickael , Herrera Federico
Published: July 2021

The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors is involved in inflammation, immunity, development, cancer, and response to injury, among other biological phenomena. Canonical STAT signaling is often represented as a 3‐step pathway involving the sequential activation of a membrane receptor, an intermediate kinase, and a STAT transcription factor. The rate‐limiting phosphorylation at a highly conserved C‐terminal tyrosine residue determines the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of STATs. This apparent simplicity is actually misleading and can hardly explain the pleiotropic nature of STATs, the existence of various noncanonical STAT pathways, or the key role of the N‐terminal domain in STAT functions. More than 80 post‐translational modifications (PTMs) have been identified for STAT3, but their functions remain barely understood. Here, we provide a brief but comprehensive overview of these underexplored PTMs and their role on STAT3 canonical and noncanonical functions. A less tyrosine‐centric point of view may be required to advance our understanding of STAT signaling.
Oral health status and its association with nutritional support in malnourished patients hospitalised in acute care
Authors: Furuya Junichi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Hidaka Rena , Akatsuka Ayano , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Yoshimi Kanako , Nakane Ayako , Shimizu Yukue , Saito Keiko , Itsui Yasuhiro , Tohara Haruka , Sato Yuji , Minakuchi Shunsuke
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This cross‐sectional study aimed to examine the oral health of malnourished acute‐care hospital inpatients, who were the subjects of a nutritional support team (NST). We also aimed to elucidate the systemic and nutritional factors associated with the oral health of those patients.

Background

Interventions by NST are essential for inpatient nutrition management and require the active participation of dental professionals. However, information is limited regarding the state of oral health among acute‐stage malnourished inpatients.

Materials and Methods

We enrolled 255 hospitalised patients (101 women, mean age: 69.7 ± 14.4 years) who were referred to an NST for nutrition management between April 2016 and July 2019. The main outcome was the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) scores. Moreover, we assessed participants’ demographic characteristics, nutritional status, number of natural and functional teeth, posterior occlusal support, denture use, Dysphagia Severity Scale, whether oral health management was needed, and the methods of nutrition intake.

Results

Several participants presented with a deteriorated oral health. Consequently, oral health management was often regarded necessary in these patients. Approximately half were fed by parenteral or tube feeding. Multiple regression analysis revealed the OHAT score has a positive association with age (P = .008), and a negative association with body mass index (P = .009) and the method of nutrition intake (P = .028).

Conclusion

Malnourished inpatients at an acute care hospital who were subject to an NST had a deteriorated oral health status. Additionally, poor oral health was associated with poor nutritional status and nutrition intake methods.