bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solutions for increasing the capacities of cable cars
Authors: Težak Sergej , Lep Marjan
Published: October 2019

Cableways have some potential to be used in urban public transportation, particularly uni-directional aerial cable cars with circulating cabins, called gondolas. They have several advantages, but two major problems must be solved: the capacity and the operating speed are not competitive when compared to other means of urban mass transport because of boarding procedures and slowing down and accelerating on intermediate stations. In this paper constructional solutions are presented. Boarding takes place on at least two platforms; these could be on the same level or on separate levels. At intermediate stations certain cabins are diverted to the extra platform while the majority of cabins travel with unreduced speed. Following this constructional approach, the nominal capacity of gondolas could be doubled while increasing the operational travel speed on lines with lot of intermediate stops.
Triacontanol Alleviated Nickel Toxicity in Maize Seedling by Controlling Its Uptake and Enhancing Antioxidant System
Authors: Younis Abeer Abdelrazk , Ismail Hebatollah Ahmed
Published: October 2019

Triacontanol (TRIA) role in improving growth, physiological activities and tolerance against abiotic stresses has been reported. Yet, the mechanism by which TRIA executes its effects remains elusive. This work therefore studied the possible role of TRIA exogenous application in counteracting the adverse effects of nickel (Ni) treated maize seedlings. Maize seedlings (15-day-old) were grown in washed sand irrigated with nutrient solution provided with 100 μM NiCl2. Two concentrations of TRIA (25 and 50 µM) were applied twice as a foliar spray for Ni-stressed seedlings. Shoot and root growth attributes, Ni content, and antioxidant defence systems of maize seedlings were determined. Ni treatment reduced the shoot and root length and biomass, causing necrosis of the old leaves,greater reduction was shown in the roots. The shoot and root length was negatively correlated with their Ni content, which was consistent with their content of H2O2, but not with their malondialdehyde (MDA) content. As the roots had the greatest Ni content, maximum peroxidase (PX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity as well as the highest ascorbic acid (ASA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were observed in the roots. The Ni-induced deleterious effects were alleviated by foliar application of TRIA concentrations. Also, TRIA treatment minimized root Ni content, whereas it maintained the shoots unharmed by Ni. Such mitigative effects of TRIA are explained by its key role in enhancing antioxidant capacity (expressed as IC50), increased PX and ascorbate oxidase (AO) activity, GSH, and total phenolic contents.
Análisis y Valoración del Paisaje como Patrimonio Cultural. El Caso del Valle de Ricote (Región de Murcia), Sureste, España
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2019

A través del paisaje puede ser reconocido el patrimonio cultural, existente en el territorio, pudiéndosele atribuir al paisaje un carácter patrimonio-cultural. Indagar y reflexionar sobre esta cuestión constituye el objetivo de este trabajo. Mediante el análisis y valoración de los elementos que componen el paisaje, podemos acercarnos a un mejor conocimiento del carácter mencionado del paisaje. Para la valoración del paisaje, de sus elementos, son utilizados los distintos catálogos, listados, etc., donde estos son recogidos. Todo ello es reforzado con encuestas a residentes y no residentes, del territorio de estudio, donde se suministran una serie de ítems para ser valorados. La metodología ha sido aplicada al territorio del Valle de Ricote, en la Región de Murcia, claro ejemplo de un ámbito mediterráneo tradicional, con elevado potencial patrimonial y cultural. Existen elementos antrópicos de elevado valor –castillos, norias,..- así como naturales –espacios protegidos: Parques Naturales, RED NATURA 2000-. Esta cualidad de los mismos nos llevan a la conclusión de encontrarnos ante un paisaje sobre el que se puede afirmar tiene un carácter de patrimonio-cultural. El análisis y valoración de los elementos del paisaje permite saber el grado de valor como patrimonio cultural del mismo.
Polioencefalomalacia asociada a exceso de azufre dietético en bovinos de engorde a corral
Authors: CASTRO Damián Jesús , MARGINEDA Carlos Augusto , CANTÓN Germán José
Published: October 2019

Polioencefalomacia (PEM) es un término patológico que se refiere a la necrosis cerebro-cortical. En bovinos las causas más frecuentes son déficit de fibra (acidosis ruminal), déficit de tiamina y exceso de azufre (S) dietéticos. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar un brote de PEM en bovinos de engorde a corral consumiendo exceso de S. El establecimiento afectado habitualmente suministraba una dieta de terminación compuesta por 45% de burlanda de maíz, pero 25 días antes del problema se incrementó su inclusión al 70%. Se realizó la anamnesis, exámenes clínicos individuales y poblacionales, una necropsia y la recolección de muestras de agua de bebida y alimento balaceado. Se recomendó tratar con tiamina a los animales afectados, con respuesta favorable en la mayoría de los casos. En el exámen patológico de cerebro se observó edema y hemorragias, con necrosis cortical severa. El cultivo bacteriológico de encéfalo resultó negativo. El agua de bebida contenía 1 g/l de sulfatos y el alimento balaceado 0.48% de S, de modo que el consumo estimado de S total fue de 0.58%. El exceso dietético de S podría haber estado implicado en el desarrollo de este brote de PEM, siendo éste el primer reporte en Argentina.
Organoleptic and grain quality traits of aromatic rice varieties as influenced by supplementation of Zn and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline
Authors: Roy Tuhin Suvra , Roy Anup , Ali Mohammed , Chakraborty Rajesh , Mostofa Maruf , Mahato Anil Kumar , Sumon Md. Mehedi Hasan , Sultana Nahid
Published: October 2019

Aromatic rice fetches premium prices in world markets due to its pleasant smell and enchanting flavor. In Bangladesh, the quality of aromatic rice is much inferior than those of other rice growing countries because of lack of improved variety and judicious agronomic management. Selection of appropriate variety and supplementation zinc (Zn) and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) can improve the aroma. The present study exhibited the effects of 2-AP and Zn supplementation on yield and quality of aromatic rice. Two well-known aromatic cultivars, BRRI dhan80 and BRRI dhan34, were cultured separately in pot supplemented with 2-AP and Zn. The results showed that supplementation of 2-AP and /or Zn along with conventional practices had significant effects on organoleptic and some quality parameters studied in this study. The concentration of 2AP and Zn in rice grain increased with increasing their application rate. Additionally, grain 2-AP concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with organoleptic characters. Interactions of both these elements with the complex process of 2-AP formation remain to be explored.
Effects of Gaming on Children’s Brains: Depression and Social Isolation
Authors: Nguyen Trent , Landau Susan
Published: October 2019

This study documents the effects of gaming on children’s brains, focusing on the negative effects of gaming, and in particular, social isolation and depression. Over the years, psychologists, parents and the general public have played a key role in advancing literature on gaming and brain development, thus enabling researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the adverse effects of excessive gaming. The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate that excessive gaming is strongly correlated with adverse effects such as social isolation and depression by reviewing various scholarly articles which clearly indicate that excessive gaming can derails a person’s efforts to make real friends by affecting their social skills and making them aggressive. In the long run, children gamers become socially isolated. This paves way for depression and other self-harming habits. The methodology section justifies why the research had to be underlined by secondary research and secondary data. Results section reports actual findings on how gaming activates pleasure circuits to a certain degree, which leads to impulsive behavior that prevent children from engaging in active social lives.
Comparative Analysis Of Land Space And Structural Facilities In Relation To Academic Output
Authors: Oluwatade Ijagbemi Christopher
Published: October 2019

The goal for attainment of sustainable infrastructure for cities and communities of the world was set to be attained latest by year 2030. Goal 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) specifically is about making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. This paper in consideration of this laudable goal considers vertical developments incorporating mixed use as an option to lateral development in educational institutions communities in Nigeria. Data were collected from selected educational institutions in Nigeria and were compared with similarly selected educational institutions outside Nigeria using internationally accepted ranking criteria as basis to see if  possessing excessive land mass as observed in Nigerian Universities will lead to better academic performance and better world ranking as witnessed in foreign Universities. The result shows that total land mass available to  educational institutions outside Nigeria is minimal, more productively used and effectively maintained in a sustainable manner than land available to higher institutions in Nigeria where land is awkwardly used and wasted. Higher Institutions should center more on research and academic excellence rather than possessing massive lands that are not effectively maintained. This work therefore recommends that Authorities in Nigeria should reduce land mass requirement for establishment of higher institutions and mandate investors to develop vertically by applying the mixed use concept.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH SUPPOSED HEARING LOSS IN A NIGERIAN EAR CLINIC
Authors: Tobih J. E. , Sogebi O. A. , Adeosun A. A. , Olaosun A. O. , Odetoyinbo O. , Adedeji T. O. , Ojurongbe B. F. , Adegbosin B. A. , Adeyemo Y. I. , OGUNDIRAN O.
Published: October 2019

Background: Early detection and intervention programs for children with hearing loss have proven to be beneficial in developed countries, whereas in Nigeria, it takes an average of 1 to 5 years to identify hearing loss in children.

Objective: The aim of this study is to objectively assess children with supposed hearing loss

as seen in the otological clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.

Methods: A retrospective study of 52 Children who presented at the otological clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital with supposed hearing loss. Otoacoustic Emissions (MAICO ERO SCAN) and Auditory Brainstem Response (MAICO MB 11) were used to assess their hearing abilities. Analysis of data was done through simple percentage using SPSS 16.

Results: OAE results revealed that only 7 (13.5%) passed bilaterally while the remaining 45 (86.5%) were referred. ABR reports revealed on the right ears that 6 (11.5%) patients had normal hearing while the remaining 46 (88.5%) were abnormal and on the left ears, 4 (7.7%) patients were normal while 48 (92.3%) were abnormal. Out of the 52 patients seen, 49 (94.2%) accounted for and they received the best management that could be offered while the remaining 3 (5.8%) were lost to follow up.

Conclusion: In developing countries like ours, early screening of neonates is hampered by lack of appropriate equipment and appropriate national policy, hence devastating consequences are recorded whereas in developed countries, newborn hearing screening programs enable early hearing loss detection and intervention which produce long-lasting beneficial effects in every aspect of life endeavor.
Class Size And Academic Performance Of Students In Selected Nursing And Midwifery Training Colleges In The Central Region, Ghana
Authors: Kusi Hinneh , Manful Hilda Obeng
Published: October 2019

Large class size is a big challenge in most public tertiary educational institutions in Ghana. This study investigated the impact of class size on the academic performance of students of selected Nursing and Midwifery Training Colleges in the Central Region of Ghana, and determined the extent to which large class size management techniques employed by tutors enhance academic performance of the students. The study employed the mixed methods research approach underpinned by the pragmatist paradigm. Specifically, the sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used for the study. For the quantitative phase of the study, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select 131 students, while census sampling frame was employed to involve all the 56 tutors. Also, 20 participants made up of 10 tutors (who were Heads of Departments) and 10 student leaders were purposively selected for the qualitative phase. Two related structured questionnaire (1 for the students and the other for the tutors) were used to gather data for the quantitative phase, while a semi-structured interview guide was employed for data collection at the qualitative phase. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-way between groups analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression) were used to analyze the data so as to answer the research questions at a significance level of p <0.05. The one-way between groups ANOVA was used to determine the effect of class size on academic performance and large classroom management techniques. The data gathered through the semi-structured interview was also used to support the quantitative results when necessary. The study revealed that class size had an effect on the academic performance of the students where students in small class size recorded higher performance than their peers in large class sizes. The study, therefore, concluded that classroom size significantly influence  academic performance of students at all levels. The relationship between classroom size and academic performance was found to be inversely related. Students in large classrooms performed poorly, while students in small classroom size performed better academically. To ensure a more meaningful academic performance among the students, small class sizes are needed to improve the interaction between tutors and students. Based on this finding, the study recommended that it is pertinent that the management of the colleges studied pay attention to the class sizes so as  to ensure good academic performance.
Excitation of Diverse Classes of Cholecystokinin Interneurons in the Basal Amygdala Facilitates Fear Extinction
Authors: Rovira-Esteban Laura , Gunduz-Cinar Ozge , Bukalo Olena , Limoges Aaron , Brockway Emma , Müller Kinga , Fenno Lief , Kim Yoon Seok , Ramakrishnan Charu , Andrási Tibor , Deisseroth Karl , Holmes Andrew , Hájos Norbert
Published: October 2019

There is growing evidence that interneurons (INs) orchestrate neural activity and plasticity in corticoamygdala circuits to regulate fear behaviors. However, defining the precise role of cholecystokinin-expressing INs (CCK INs) remains elusive due to the technical challenge of parsing this population from CCK-expressing principal neurons (CCK PNs). Here, we used an intersectional genetic strategy in CCK-Cre;Dlx5/6-Flpe double-transgenic mice to study the anatomical, molecular and electrophysiological properties of CCK INs in the basal amygdala (BA) and optogenetically manipulate these cells during fear extinction. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed that this strategy targeted GABAergic cells and that a significant proportion expressed functional cannabinoid CB1 receptors; a defining characteristic of CCK-expressing basket cells. However, immunostaining showed that subsets of the genetically-targeted cells expressed either neuropeptide Y (NPY; 29%) or parvalbumin (PV; 17%), but not somatostatin (SOM) or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-α. Further morphological and electrophysiological analyses showed that four IN types could be identified among the EYFP-expressing cells: CCK/cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R)-expressing basket cells, neurogliaform cells, PV+ basket cells, and PV+ axo-axonic cells. At the behavioral level,in vivooptogenetic photostimulation of the targeted population during extinction acquisition led to reduced freezing on a light-free extinction retrieval test, indicating extinction memory facilitation; whereas photosilencing was without effect. Conversely, non-selective (i.e., inclusive of INs and PNs) photostimulation or photosilencing of CCK-targeted cells, using CCK-Cre single-transgenic mice, impaired extinction. These data reveal an unexpectedly high degree of phenotypic complexity in a unique population of extinction-modulating BA INs.
Is vitamin D deficiency in obese youth a risk factor for less weight loss during a weight loss program?
Authors: Van De Maele Karolien , De Schepper Jean , Vanbesien Jesse , Van Helvoirt Monique , De Guchtenaere Ann , Gies Inge
Published: October 2019

Background

Vitamin D deficiency is common in obese adolescents and a risk factor for insulin resistance. We investigated if prevailing serum 25-OH vitamin D might predict the body fat loss in a group of obese adolescents undergoing a residential weight loss program.

Methods

In 92 (35 male) obese adolescents (aged 10.6–19 years) undergoing a residential weight loss program in Belgium, fasting serum 25-OH vitamin D (25-OH-D), insulin, glucose and lipid levels were measured and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Results

Baseline median (range) serum 25-OH-D level was 17.7 µg/L (3.8–41.8). In total, 55 adolescents had a serum 25-OH-D below 20 µg/L. In 31 adolescents with a low baseline 25-OH-D level, median increase in serum 25-OH-D was 2.4 µg/L (−4.2 to 7.2) after 10 months. This resulted in normal 25-OH-D levels in seven adolescents, whereas median BMI decreased with 1.0 SDS and body fat percentage diminished with 9.9%. Obese adolescents with or without a 25-OH-D level below or above 20 µg/L at baseline had similar changes in body weight, BMI SDS, body fat percentage and body fat mass at the end of the program. The change in serum 25-OH-D did not correlate with change in serum insulin, BMI SDS or body fat percentage and body fat mass.

Conclusion

Vitamin D deficiency was present in 55 out of 92 obese adolescents at the start of the summer. Serum 25-OH-D concentration did not predict changes in body fat loss after a residential weight loss program.
DNA methylation analysis of negative pressure therapy effect in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Ludwig-Slomczynska A H , Borys S , Seweryn M T , Hohendorff J , Kapusta P , Kiec-Wilk B , Pitera E , Wolkow P P , Malecki M T
Published: October 2019

Objective

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been used to treat diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs). Its action on the molecular level, however, is only partially understood. Some earlier data suggested NPWT may be mediated through modification of local gene expression. As methylation is a key epigenetic regulatory mechanism of gene expression, we assessed the effect of NPWT on its profile in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and neuropathic non-infected DFUs.

Methods

Of 36 included patients, 23 were assigned to NPWT and 13 to standard therapy. Due to ethical concerns, the assignment was non-randomized and based on wound characteristics. Tissue samples were obtained before and 8 ± 1 days after therapy initiation. DNA methylation patterns were checked by Illumina Methylation EPIC kit.

Results

In terms of clinical characteristics, the groups presented typical features of T2DM; however, the NPWT group had significantly greater wound area: 16.8 cm2 vs 1.4 cm2 (P = 0.0003). Initially only one region at chromosome 5 was differentially methylated. After treatment, 57 differentially methylated genes were found, mainly located on chromosomes 6 (chr6p21) and 20 (chr20p13); they were associated with DNA repair and autocrine signaling via retinoic acid receptor. We performed differential analyses pre treatment and post treatment. The analysis revealed 426 differentially methylated regions in the NPWT group, but none in the control group. The enrichment analysis showed 11 processes significantly associated with NPWT, of which 4 were linked with complement system activation. All but one were hypermethylated after NPWT.

Conclusion

The NPWT effect on DFUs may be mediated through epigenetic changes resulting in the inhibition of complement system activation.
On different types, conditions, and factors of landslide risks in the city of Dnipro
Authors: Mokritskaya T. P.
Published: October 2019

The paper represents the research results as for the factors of such dangerous geological phenomenon as landslides in terms of geological medium of the city of Dnipro. It is emphasized that there are certain geological, geomorphological, and hydrogeological conditions favouring the development of a medium for landslide formation. Irrespective of long-term study of that phenomenon, spatiotemporal prognosis is a complex scientific problem requiring application of innovative ideas and scientific statements concerning both separate components of a geological medium and rather complex natural and technogenic system. The paper analyzes conditions of the development of deep landslides within the territory of the city of Dnipro connected with a geological structure in a scope going beyond traditional scope of engineering and geological studies. Despite wide occurrence of landslide developments within the territory of the region, landslide of the Dnipro region are not singled out as a separate regional type. According to different estimations, general number of landslides is more than 144 within the city of Dnipro. The studies are based on numerous calculations of slope stability indicating the importance of the occurrence of Pre-Quaternary deposits as the factor favour- ing deep landslide formations. Basing upon the processing of the geological studies, cartographic modeling of the surfaces of certain levels, their thickness, and analysis of landslides grouping within the areas of singled-out territories have been performed. Maps of the surfaces of reddish-brown (N2-Q1) and grey-green (N1-S2) clays as well as deposits of Obukhivska (P2ob) and Mezhyhirska (P3 mž) suites, representing together the rock thickness corresponding to Kharkiv Stage (P2-3hr), have been developed. It has been proved that occurrence mode of clays at the base of loessial soils creates certain conditions for the development of landslides being different in their mechanisms (i.e. cutting, slipping, and squeezing). An example of certain calculations of slope stability is given confirming the important role of argillaceous rocks in the formation of the zone of changed soil condition and property. It has been proved that occur- rence mode of the rocks occurring lower than the depth of water erosion development should be studied thoroughly while designing landslide protection structures to obtain accurate model of the geological medium.
Neoproterozoic microbially-induced sedimentary structures (MISS) from Ediacaran Podillya Basin, Ukraine: mineralogical particularity and paleoenvironmental application
Authors: Soldatenko Y. , El Albani A. , Fontaine C. , Nesterovsky V. A. , Ruzina M. V.
Published: October 2019

The Neoproterozoic Podillya sedimentary Basin is well known to the imprints of the Ediacaran soft-bodied fauna which were previously described by many ukrainian and foreign authors. At this period, fossil-rich siliciclastic sediments recognized as traces of early metazoans also contain evidence of significant microbiological activity. In these ediacaran sediments, many structures can be interpreted as microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS). Their morphologies have a great similarity with modern structures observed in relation with micro-organism activity. These specific structure and surfaces and their mineral composition are the criteria used to study the bacterial structures from the ukrainian Neoproterozoic sedimentary basin. Our results demonstrate microorganisms were organized in bacterial mats whose activity was recorded in the difference of mineralogy between biological films and host rocks. On outcrop, the different type of MISS are often associated with lenticular beddings, ripples and hummocky cross structures indicative of coastal-marine conditions close to the littoral zone of the basin at    this epoch. If MISS are important in the issue of paleogeographic reconstructions, they also give precious informations about early diagenetic processes, syn- and post-sedimentation. By mineralogical approach we show that during the time of development of MISS structures and the burial that followed the diagenetic processes have remained moderate. Finally, the close coexistence with ediacarian fossils suggest that such bacterial mats could be at the origin of the fossilization process of soft-bodies of enigmatic Ediacaran biota of Mohyliv-Podylska Group and their preservation until today.
Horizontal and vertical zonation of the weathering rind of the northern part of the Krivy Rig Basin
Authors: Tikhlivets S. V. , Trunin O. M.
Published: October 2019

The ferriferous-siliceous formation of the Kryvyi Rih Basin has been formed   as a result of the effect of different geological processes: sedimentation, diagenesis, dynamothermal metamorphism, metasomatosis, orogenesis, hypergenesis. Hypergenic changes are manifested to a different extent within iron ore deposits of the Kryvyi Rih Basin. In the south part of the basin, thickness of the weathering rind in some places reaches 1,000-1,500 m, it is up to 2,500 in the central, and in the northern part this parameter is much lower. Hypergenic processes are observed in the sections of all stratigraphic horizons of the Saksahanska suite of the iron ore deposits of the Kryvyi Rih Basin. The thickness of their manifestations changes depending on the horizon (schist, ferriferous). Therefore, over the study, we determined the impact of stratigraphic horizon on variance of thickness of the weathering rind within the northern area of the Kryvyi Rih basin, on example of the Hannivsk deposit. The surveys were performed in all hypsometric levels of the deposit. Schematic sections of the deposit`s weathering rind were made. The products of hypergenesis are hematite quartzites with qualitative parameters (total content of iron) no lower than in magnetic quartzites. In some deposits, the reserves of the hematite quartzites are quite large, but they are not being extracted. For more detailed study of the structure of the weathering rind, manifestation of its vertical zonation was investigated, a schematic section of the weathering ring within the ferriferous-siliceous formation of the deposit was made designating all mineralogical zones. We studied the variance of mineral composition of the ferriferous rocks depending on the manifestation of horizontal zonation of the weathering rind and impact of hypergenic processes on authigenic-metamorphogenic zonation of the productivity of the deposit`s layer. We developed a scheme of mineralogical zonation of the weathering rind, therefore facilitating the enlargement of the mineral-ore base of the Hannivsk deposit and the Kryvyi Rih Basin in general for further extraction and beneficiation of hematite quartzites.
Caracterização de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 em uso recente de insulina: estilo de vida e sintomas depressivos
Authors: Schuelter Paloma Oliveira , Fernandes Tayná Molon , Marques Gabriela Moreno , Iser Betine Pinto Moehlecke
Published: October 2019

AIMS: To characterize type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who have recently initiated treatment with insulin regarding lifestyle and depressive symptoms.METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with patients in recent use of insulin, which was determined by the register held in the family health strategy, from January 2017 to August 2018. In home visits, the patients answered questions about lifestyle and characteristics of the disease, and Beck’s Depression Inventory.RESULTS: The sample consisted of 38 type 2 diabetic patients in recent use of insulin. There was a predominance of males (57.9%), married (65.8%) and white (89.5%), the average years of study being 5.8±2.9. 13.2% were considered physically active in leisure time, and only 47.4% were restricting carbohydrates. 65.8% were overweight and 34.2% were obese. The participants had type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis for 8.9±7.48 years on average. Regarding the reasons that led to the use of insulin, 92.1% mentioned the lack of control of the disease. As for the classification of depressive symptoms, 47.3% had some psychological alteration. We verified that the presence of depressive symptomswas more prevalent in women (p=0,014).CONCLUSION: Patients with type 2 diabetes on recent insulin use had few changes in lifestyle after being diagnosed with the disease. Most patients started using insulin due to lack of control of the disease. The presence of depressive symptoms was more prevalent in women and in patients who reported dietary changes after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Percepções de estudantes de enfermagem sobre práticas educativas em imunização de adultos com o uso de Simulação Clínica
Authors: Costa Raphael Raniere de Oliveira , De Medeiros Soraya Maria , Coutinho Verónica Rita Dias , Almeida Rodrigo Guimarães dos Santos , De Araújo Marília Souto
Published: October 2019

AIMS: To identify and compare the perceptions of students about educational practices in the teaching of immunization of adults.METHODS: Observational, descriptive, comparative, performed with nursing students. These students were allocated to two groups: traditional strategies group (dialogue and clinical simulation for skills training) and group associated with high fidelity clinical simulation. After receiving the interventions, the Portuguese version of the Educational Practices Questionnaire was applied.RESULTS: The group associated with high fidelity clinical simulation. presented higher means in seven of the eight domains of concordance and importance subscales, with statistical significance in the subscale of importance in the “different ways of learning” domain (p=0.018).CONCLUSION: The high-fidelity clinical simulation strategy scores the requirements of good educational practice in that it provides active, collaborative learning, different from traditional strategies, and provides positive expectations for students.
AS CIÊNCIAS COGNITIVAS
Authors: Madeira Milton José Penchel , Filho José Carlos Bins
Published: October 2019

O presente manifesto pretende apresentar à comunidade cientifica da PUCRS uma visão geral sobre as Ciências Cognitivas e a importância destas dentro das ciências atuais. Aborda brevemente o histórico das Ciências Cognitivas, especificando os diversos campos do conhecimento abrangidos pelo paradigma ou por suas metodologias e técnicas.
A VONTADE ENTRE A GRÉCIA CLÁSSICA E O CRISTIANISMO
Authors: Rios André Rangel
Published: October 2019

O texto comenta a discussão de Ch. H. Kahn sobre· a vontade na Antiguidade Tardia O comentário a Kahn é base para colocar em questão a relação entre o pensamento grego e a tradição Judaico-cristã. É discutida em particular a função da doutrina da graça e sua complexa relação com a herança greco-romana.
A JUSTIÇA GERAL EM TOMÁS DE AQUINO
Authors: Nascimento Carlos Artur R. do
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho visa apresentar a noção de justiça geral de acordo com Tomás de Aquino, bem como a evolução desta noção desde o Comentários às sentenças até a Suma de Teologia.
LA CUESTION DE LA USURA EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA POBREZA VOLUNTARIA
Authors: Mendoza Celina A. Lértora
Published: October 2019

A tradição cristã, referindo-se a Jesus e aos apóstolos, desenvolveu um ponto de vista muito restrito quanto ao lucro advindo do dinheiro. Nos séculos XIlI e XIV, os religiosos que faziam votos de pobreza não só individual, mas também coletiva, defrontaram-se com teorias antigas em uma nova situação econômico-social e em seus tratados desenvolveram teses que diferiam do legado anterior.
DIALÉTICA E EVOLUÇÃO
Authors: Cirne-Lima Carlos R. V.
Published: October 2019

Dialéticos e analíticos não se entendemporque falam línguas com sintaxes parcialmentediferentes. Não obstante esta diferença, hátrês princípios básicos que regem e estruturamtanto a lógica dialética como a lógica analítica: osprincípios de identidade, de diferença e de coerênciauniversal. Os mesmos três princípios regemtambém a natureza em seu processo de evoluçãoe constituem o indivíduo e a espécie (pr. de identidade),as mutações por acaso (pr. da diferença) ea seleção natural (pr. de coerência).
Primary Stability of Short Implants Inserted Using Piezoelectric or Drilling Systems: An In Vitro Comparison
Authors: Stacchi Claudio , De Biasi Matteo , Torelli Lucio , Robiony Massimo , Di Lenarda Roberto , Angerame Daniele
Published: October 2019

The primary objective of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of implant site preparation technique (drills vs ultrasonic instrumentation) on the primary stability of short dental implants with two different designs inserted in simulated low-quality cancellous bone. Eighty implant sites were prepared in custom-made solid rigid polyurethane blocks with two different low cancellous bone densities (5 or 15 pounds per cubic foot [PCF]), equally distributed between piezoelectric (Surgysonic Moto, Esacrom, Italy) and conventional drilling techniques. Two short implant systems (Prama and Syra, Sweden & Martina) were tested by inserting 40 fixtures of each system (both 6.0 mm length and 5.0 mm diameter), divided in the four subgroups (drills/5 PCF density; drills/15 PCF density; piezo/5 PCF density; piezo/15 PCF density). Insertion torque (Ncm), implant stability quotient values, removal torque (Ncm), and surgical time were recorded. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Scheffé's test (α = 0.05). With slight variations among the considered dependent variables, overall high primary implant stability was observed across all subgroups. Piezoelectric instrumentation allowed for comparable or slightly superior primary stability in comparison with the drilling procedures in both implant systems. The Prama implants group showed the highest mean reverse torque and Syra implants the highest implant stability quotient values. Piezoelectric implant site preparation took prolonged operative time compared to conventional preparation with drills; among the drilling procedures, Syra system required fewer surgical steps and shorter operative time.
In Vitro Comparison of Microbial Leakage of the Implant-Healing Abutment Interface in Four Connection Systems
Authors: Ardakani Mohammad Reza Talebi , Meimandi Mansour , Amid Reza , Pourahmadie Amir Danial , Shidfar Shireen
Published: October 2019

This study sought to assess microbial leakage through the implant-healing abutment interface in 4 dental implant connection systems. Ten implants of each of the 3i (double hexagon + flat to flat; group 1), IDI (internal hexagon + Morse taper; group 2), Swiss Plus (external bevel + internal octagon; group 3), and Tapered Screw-Vent (internal bevel + internal hexagon; group 4) systems were used in this in vitro, experimental study. Healing abutments were screwed to the implants with 10 Ncm torque. Implants were immersed in Escherichia coli suspension for 24 hours. Samples were taken of the internal surface of implants and cultured. The number of grown colonies was counted after 24 hours of culture and after 7 and 14 days of immersion in microbial suspension. The same was repeated with healing abutments torqued to 10 and 20 Ncm. With 10 Ncm torque, all specimens in all groups showed microleakage at one day with the highest microleakage in one sample in group 3. At 7 days, the highest microleakage was noted in one specimen in group 2. With 20 Ncm torque, group 3 showed significantly higher microleakage than other groups at 1 and 7 days (P < .05). Increasing the torque decreased microleakage in all groups except for group 3. Microbial leakage occurred in almost all implant systems in our study. In one-stage implant placement, healing abutments should be preferably torqued to 20 Ncm to minimize microleakage. Optimal torque for healing abutment insertion should be analyzed individually for each system.
Analysis of the Survival of Dental Implants Installed in Reconstructed Maxilla with Autogenous Iliac Crest Graft: 7- to 9-Year Follow-Up
Authors: de Souza Carolina Santos Ventura , Ortega-Lopes Rafael , Barreno Andres Caceres , de Moraes Marcio , Albergaria-Barbosa José Ricardo , Nóia Claudio Ferreira
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze the survival of dental implants installed in maxillae reconstructed with autogenous iliac crest grafts and to assess patient satisfaction with the treatment by means of a questionnaire. The study conducted medical record reviews and clinical/radiographic assessments of 10 patients with severe maxillary atrophy who had undergone reconstruction with autogenous iliac crest grafts and rehabilitation with dental implants between 2008 and 2011. Patients were assessed for the survival of the implants, considering implant diameter and length, smoking status, diagnosis of diabetes, type of loss, and region of implant loss. In addition, a questionnaire with specific questions on the patients' satisfaction with the treatment was administered. Seventy-six implants were installed in the sampled patients, and only 1 loss was observed (late loss in the anterior maxilla region) after an average follow-up of 7.9 years, which corresponds to a 98.60% survival rate. The installed implants were of the most frequently used dimension (3.75 × 10 mm). One sampled patient was diabetic, and a second patient was both diabetic and a smoker. No loss of implants was observed in these 2 patients. All patients reported being completely satisfied with the treatment and would undergo the procedure again or refer it to a friend/relative. Six patients reported regular maintenance of the prosthesis, and only 3 had changed the prosthesis prior to the time of questionnaire administration. The results of this limited study with a restricted sample population suggest that the reconstruction of the maxilla with an autogenous iliac crest graft provides both adequate implant survival and patient satisfaction.
Medical Professionalism Across Cultures: A Literature Review
Authors: Yasin Laith , Stapleton Gerald R. , Sandlow L. J.
Published: October 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The review aims to identify the cultural perspectives of medical professionalism by identifying relevant literature from the Middle East, East/South Asia, and the Western world that discuss definitions. A literature search was conducted using the "Summon" search engine, and 200 articles sorted by relevancy were manually reviewed. Based on the surveys and documents gathered from each of the regions, the definitions seem to be fairly consistent in their recognition of characteristics important to the concept of medical professionalism. These include several characteristics, with some of the most common being personal character, respect for patient autonomy, responsibility, and social obligations; the main difference lies in emphasis with the West focusing on societal issues and patient rights, the Middle East focusing on morality and personal character, and East Asia focusing on respect, responsibility, and other duties. These differences are reviewed and the cultural sources are further expanded upon.
Exploring the experience of medical students as peer teachers in clinical ultrasonography: why do they do it and how do they perform?
Authors: Coiffier Benedicte , See Christopher , Lee Elaine , Chen Julie , Chiu Keith Wan Hang , Khong Pek Lan
Published: October 2019

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. BackgroundA pilot project aimed to understand the experience and performance of medical students as peer tutors (Student In Medical Education Program, SIME) in the undergraduate ultrasound module at the University of Hong Kong.MethodsFour SIME tutors contributed to teaching of third year medical students (n=184) via a 3-hour hands-on session. Pre-module training was given to SIME tutors. Students were divided into small groups to practise abdominal ultrasound scanning on each other under the guidance of senior tutors (radiologists/sonographers) or SIME tutors. Learning outcomes were assessed through pre- and post-module quizzes. Qualitative exploration was undertaken through thematic coding of dedicated observers' notes from teaching sessions and the round table discussion conducted with SIME tutors to discuss the project effectiveness.ResultsSeventy-five percent (n=138) of the medical students submitted both pre- and post-module quizzes. The senior tutors' and the SIME tutors' groups scored similarly on the post-module quiz, 8.26 and 7.93 respectively. Themes emerging from the qualitative analysis included SIME tutors motivations for teaching such as giving them insight to the limitations of their own knowledge. They valued the proximity of age to their students and understood the learning needs of the students. Some barriers to peer-teaching were also identified such as concerns over sufficiency of knowledge to teach, and logistic arrangements.DiscussionSIME program was successfully introduced in the ultrasound module, improving SIME tutors' self-confidence in teaching and better understanding of ultrasound without affecting the quality of teaching.
Development of a pressure-retained transfer system of seafloor natural gas hydrates
Authors: Chen Jia-Wang , Gao Qiao-Ling , Liu Hou-Hong , Zhang Han-Quan , Xiao Bo , Liu Fang-Lan
Published: October 2019

In order to improve the utilisation rate of the cores of natural gas hydrate samples from the seafloor and broaden the means of the analysis of pressured cores, long-columnar cores obtained by the gravity-piston pressure corer are usually cut into smaller segments, which are then transferred to pressure chambers before they are sent to the laboratory for further analysis. The transfer system for the core of the natural gas hydrate sample in this paper is able to keep the in situ pressure during the transfer process, which can prevent the changing of physicochemical properties of the cores. In addition, the system can also realise the actions of core pushing, cutting and subsampling. The pressure-retaining feature of the transfer system is discussed in this paper, and an experiment was carried out to test the reliability of the pressure retaining of the system. Moreover, the transfer system was tested in the South China Sea twice and showed an excellent performance of pressure maintenance.
Cyclic loading test of precast concrete load-bearing walls designed for gravitational loading
Authors: Pimanmas Amorn , Yooprasertchai Ekkachai , Wiwatrojanagul Pongsak
Published: October 2019

A series of quasistatic cyclic loading tests was carried out on seven quarter-scale precast concrete bearing walls designed primarily for gravitational loading. Three of the most commonly used types of connection in Thailand were assessed: (i) welded, with short rebars, (ii) welded, with steel angles, and (iii) grouted corrugated ducts. The effects of gravitational loading at between 0 and 5·0% of wall axial load ratio were also investigated. Specimen performance was analysed in terms of observed behaviour and damage, force–drift relation and energy dissipation, with the results revealing that the walls connected using welded steel angles had less strength and ductility than the others. The gravitational load significantly affected the failure modes of the walls, with lower loadings tending to lead to deformation via a rocking mode and subsequent failure at the connections, while diagonal compression failure on the panel could occur at gravitational loads of 5%. It was also found that walls with welded short rebar connections could develop a degree of strength, stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation. Under testing against ACI ITG-5.1 criteria, the corrugated duct connections performed best, suggesting the usefulness of implementing an improved version of this connection type for construction in seismic hazard areas.
Helping Working Mothers Face the Challenges of an Intensive Mothering Culture
Authors: Lamar Margaret R. , Forbes Lisa K. , Capasso Laura A.
Published: October 2019

Approximately one third of women in the U.S. workforce have children 18 years of age or younger. In addition to the typical career development challenges faced by women, which include pay inequity, lower levels of education, and low career self-efficacy, working mothers do a disproportionate amount of unpaid household tasks and childcare, are seen as less competent and dedicated to their work, and face deeply entrenched cultural ideals of the best ways to be a mother. Counselors can help working mothers by being aware of their own personal bias when counseling, validating the experience of working mothers, and utilizing appropriate and supportive interventions. It is recommended that counselors also help clients, their partners, and their families develop strategies to reduce the impact of the intensive mothering culture at work and home.
Gini Katsayısı ile Türkiye’deki Üniversitelerin Araştırma Çıktıları Arasındaki Farkın Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YOLSAL Handan , YORULMAZ Özlem
Published: October 2019

Toplumsal ve ekonomik kalkınmaya önemli katkı sağlayan üniversiteler, eğitim kaliteleri, araştırma çıktıları, uluslararası görünümleri ve endüstri bağlantıları gibi ölçütler baz alınarak her yıl sıralanırlar.  Dünya genelindeki üniversitelerin sıralanmasında dikkate alınan farklı sistemler vardır. Bu çalışma, söz konusu sıralama sistemlerinden URAP-TR dikkate alınarak, 2010-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye’deki üniversiteler için Gini katsayılarının hesaplanmasına ve üniversiteler arasındaki farkın yıllar bazında değerlendirilmesine dayanır. Çalışmada Gini katsayıları hesaplanırken, hem tüm üniversiteler, hem de bünyesinde tıp fakültesi barındıran ve barındırmayan üniversiteler kendi içlerinde ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen Gini katsayısı ve Lorenz eğrisi bulgularına göre, en yüksek eşitsizlik 2010/2011 döneminde doktora öğrencisi göstergesinde mevcuttur. Makale sayısı ve doküman sayısı göstergeleri açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise tüm üniversiteler arasındaki farkların zamanla kapandığı, hatta bünyesinde tıp fakültesi barındıran ve barındırmayan üniversitelerin kendi içlerinde neredeyse eşit olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla beraber bünyesinde tıp fakültesi barındıran ve barındırmayan üniversitelerin araştırma çıktıları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı fark olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. 
TÜRKİYE’DE YENİLENEBİLİR ELEKTRİK ENERJİSİ ÜRETİMİNİN BELİRLEYENLERİ
Authors: UYSAL Özgür , GÜMÜŞ Emriye
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de yenilenebilir elektrik
enerjisi üretimine etki eden faktörleri araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla 1998-2014 yılları
arası Türkiye’nin yenilenebilir elektrik enerjisi üretimi, toplam elektrik
enerjisi tüketimi, toplam elektrik enerjisi tüketimi içerisinde yenilenebilir
enerji tüketiminin payı ve kişi başına Gayri Safi Yurt İçi Hâsıla yıllık büyüme
oranı verileri Dünya Bankası verilerinden elde edilmiştir. OLS tahmin modeli
kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonucunda Türkiye’de toplam elektrik enerjisi
tüketiminin, toplam elektrik enerjisi tüketimi içerisinde yenilenebilir enerji
tüketiminin payının ve kişi başına GSYH’nin yenilenebilir elektrik enerjisi
üretimine anlamlı ve pozitif yönde katkı sağladığı bulunmuştur. Yenilenebilir
elektrik enerjisi üretimi ile kişi başına GSYH büyüme hızı arasında pozitif
yönde çift yönlü nedensellik bulunmuştur. Dahası, toplam elektrik enerjisi
tüketimi değişkeni ile toplam elektrik enerjisi tüketimi içerisinde
yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin payının değişkenleri hem yenilenebilir
elektrik enerjisi üretimini hem de kişi başına GSYH büyüme hızı değişkenlerini
tek yönlü olarak pozitif yönde etkilemektedir.