bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstyling of Biofluorescence in Human Hair as Sustainable and Functional Waste
Authors: Sow Malcolm Miao Geng , Lim Sharon Xiaodai , Zhang Zheng , Sow Chorng-Haur
Published: September 2022

Human hair is a huge untapped waste resource whose useful compounds require toxic and environmentally harmful chemicals to extract. Herein, the optical properties of human hair without using such chemicals, turning waste into a site‐selective multicolored display, and a chemical sensor with a visual indicator through tunable fluorescence are transformed. The tunable fluorescence color, which includes both visible light and infrared components, is achieved using a scanning laser beam (microscopic) and hotplate heating at a low temperature of 360 °C for 3 min (macroscopic and large‐scale production). These fluorescing hair readily detects methylene blue molecules within a concentration range of 10−12–10−21 M due to the formation of tryptophan byproducts and electron contributing pyrrolic nitrogen. This work's simple yet impactful consequence lays the foundation on which the industrial applicability of the functionalized human hair waste can be achieved, realizing a possible cyclical economy through sustainable resources.
Controllable Constructing Janus Homologous Heterostructures of Transition Metal Alloys/Sulfides for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lu Qi , Wu Han , Zheng Xuerong , Cao Yanhui , Li Jihong , Wang Yang , Wang Haozhi , Zhi Chunyi , Deng Yida , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin
Published: September 2022

Constructing novel heterostructures is an effective way for enhancing the oxygen electrocatalytic properties of the catalysts. In this work, a class of Janus homologous heterostructures, compositing transition metal alloys with their corresponding sulfides (TM/TMS), are controllably synthesized through an ultrafast high‐temperature shock (HTS) strategy. The ultrafast sintering rate and carbothermal reduction reaction lead to the formation of sulfides and partial reduction of sulfides to alloys, while the ultrafast cooling rate keeps the homologous heterostructure of TM/TMS stable. The components of TMs in the composites can be well controlled from unary to quaternary. Moreover, benefiting from the synergistic effect of the metallic sites in the interfaces, the adsorption and desorption energy barrier of the active intermediates are significantly optimized and thus leading to the enhanced oxygen catalytic performance. Impressively, the aqueous zinc‐air battery (ZAB) using the binary homologous nanocomposite FeCo/(FeCo)S as air cathodes achieves impressive durability (> 470 cycles) and power density (261.8 mW cm−2). The as‐assembled flexible ZAB can well power the wearable devices and can work for at least 300 cycles without obvious degradation. This work opens a new chemical space for designing homologous heterostructures for their application in energy storage and conversion systems.
Sustainable Amylopectin‐Derived Miniwindmills for Moisture‐Induced Electric Generation
Authors: Sun Bianjing , Xu Dan , Wang Zengbin , Pang Bo , Wang Jiaxiu , Sun Dongping , Zhang Kai
Published: September 2022

Capturing energy from the environment provides the hope for clean energy and enables the formation of self‐powered systems. Nanostructured functional materials can interact with water to generate electrical energy, greatly expanding the technical capabilities of water energy harvesting, while those derived from sustainable biomass for this purpose are still in the infancy. Herein, a series of thin self‐standing amylopectin‐derived membranes of several micrometers can output hydrovoltaic electric energy in the ambient environment. One single‐unit flat device (around 0.78 cm2) can generate an instant voltage of up to 0.95 V from high ambient humidity. The underlying mechanism for generating electricity from amylopectin‐derived membranes is attributed to the fast adsorption and desorption of water molecules on the membrane surface based on the results of dynamic vapor sorption. Novel moisture‐induced miniwindmills as electric generators are fabricated, thanks to these outstanding features such as being self‐standing, flexible, lightweight, and having ease of scale production. Such miniwindmill devices with a membrane layer thickness of ≈10 μm can be used to harvest energy with a sustained voltage of around 0.45 V from ambient environment. These results pave the way for developing energy‐harvesting powerful minisized devices that exploit water gradients prevalent in nature with biomass materials.
Differences in faculty feedback for high, expected, and below‐expected clinically performing emergency medicine residents
Authors: Coughlin Ryan F. , Tsyrulnik Alina , Gottlieb Michael , Bod Jessica , Barnicle Ryan , Dziura James , Della‐Giustina David , Goldflam Katja
Published: September 2022

Objectives

A lifelong pursuit such as medicine is frequently paired with a framework of “deliberate practice” for improvement. It is unclear whether the quality of feedback varies across different learner levels. Our study aims to assess whether a difference exists in the quality of feedback delivered to high‐, expected‐, and below‐expected performer emergency medicine (EM) residents based on their attending‐identified performance level.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of written EM resident feedback collected between November 2018 and March 2021. Clinical performance level was subjectively determined by attending faculty in their feedback. Feedback was coded on a scale from 0–5 based on the presence (1) or absence (0) of the items modified from the Ende's SMART criteria: Specific (S), Measurable (M), Achievable (A), Relevant (R), and Time‐bound (T). The primary outcome was any total modified SMART criteria score difference concerning performance level using logistic regression with Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Secondary outcomes were differences for individual criteria.

Results

We analyzed 1284 evaluations (311 high performers, 930 expected performers, and 43 below‐expected performers) of 94 unique residents from 66 different evaluators. Mean total modified SMART scores were significantly higher in high and below‐expected performers than those designated as expected performers by faculty evaluators. Achievable and Relevant written feedback was provided to high performers in a significantly larger proportion than expected and below‐expected performers. Only 278 out of 1284 evaluations met criteria for Specific.

Conclusions

Mean total modified SMART feedback scores were significantly greater in high performers and below‐expected performers when compared to expected performers. Achievable and Relevant feedback was provided in greater proportions to high performer residents compared to expected and below‐expected performers. These findings are a challenge to academic faculty to engage in quality feedback delivery for residents at all performance levels.
A workforce study of emergency medicine medical education fellowship directors: Describing roles, responsibilities, support, and priorities
Authors: Golden Andrew , Diller David , Riddell Jeffrey , Jordan Jaime , Gisondi Michael , Ahn James
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Despite emergency medicine (EM) medical education fellowships increasing in number, the position of the medical education fellowship director (FD) remains incompletely defined. The goal of this study was to characterize the roles, responsibilities, support, and priorities for medical education FDs.

Methods

We adapted and piloted an anonymous electronic survey consisting of 31 single‐answer, multiple‐answer, and free‐response items. The survey was distributed to FDs via listserv and individual emails from a directory compiled from multiple online resources. We used descriptive statistics to analyze data from items with discrete answer choices. Using a constructivist paradigm, we performed a thematic analysis of free‐response data.

Results

Thirty‐four medical education FDs completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 77%. Thirty‐eight percent of respondents were female. Fifty‐three percent earned master's degrees in education and 35% completed a medical education fellowship. Most respondents held other education leadership roles including program director (28%), associate/assistant program director (28%), and vice chair (25%). Sixty‐three percent received support in their role, including clinical buy‐down (90%), administrative assistants (55%), and salary (5%). There was no difference (χ2 [2, n = 32] = 1.77, p = 0.41) between availability of support and type of hospital (community, university, or public hospital). Medical education FDs dedicated a median of 12 h per month to fellowship responsibilities, include education (median 35% of time), program administration (25%), research mentorship (15%), and recruitment (10%). Medical education FDs describe priorities that can be categorized into three themes related to fellows, fellowship, and institution.

Conclusion

This study provides insight into the current position and experience of medical education FDs. The results can clarify the role and responsibilities of FDs as the demand for medical education FDs increases.
Coaching models, theories, and structures: An overview for teaching faculty in the emergency department and educators in the offices
Authors: Deiorio Nicole M. , Moore Margaret , Santen Sally A. , Gazelle Gail , Dalrymple John L. , Hammoud Maya
Published: September 2022

Coaching is rapidly advancing in medical education as a relational process of facilitating sustainable change and growth. Coaching can support learners in emergency medicine at any stage by improving self‐reflection, motivation, psychological capital, and goal creation and attainment. Different from the traditional models of advising and mentoring, coaching may be a new model for many educators. An introduction to key coaching concepts and ways they may be implemented in emergency medicine is provided. Experienced coaches employ a diverse array of models and techniques that may be new to novice coaches. This article summarizes a variety of coaching models, theories, and content areas that can be adapted to a coachee's needs and the situational context—be it the fast‐paced emergency department or the faculty member's office.
Follicular lymphoma: 2023 update on diagnosis and management
Authors: Jacobsen Eric
Published: September 2022

Disease Overview

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is generally an indolent B cell lymphoproliferative disorder of transformed follicular center B cells. FL is characterized by diffuse lymphadenopathy, bone marrow involvement, and splenomegaly. Extranodal involvement is less common. Cytopenias are relatively common but constitutional symptoms of fever, night sweats, and weight loss are uncommon in the absence of transformation to diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is based on histology from a biopsy of a lymph node or other affected tissue. Incisional biopsy is preferred over needle biopsies in order to give adequate tissue to assign grade and assess for transformation. Immunohistochemical staining is positive in virtually all cases for cell surface CD19, CD20, CD10, and monoclonal immunoglobulin, as well as cytoplasmic expression of bcl‐2 protein. The overwhelming majority of cases have the characteristic t(14;18) translocation involving the IgH/bcl‐2 genes.

Risk Stratification

The Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) uses five independent predictors of inferior survival: age >60 years, hemoglobin <12 g/dL, serum LDH > normal, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, number of involved nodal areas >4. The presence of 0–1, 2, and ≥3 adverse factors defines low, intermediate, and high‐risk disease. There are other clinical prognostic models but the FLIPI remains the most common. Other factors such as time to relapse of less than 2 years from chemoimmunotherapy and specific gene mutations may also be useful for prognosis. Regardless of the prognostic model used, modern therapies have demonstrably improved prognosis.

Risk‐Adapted Therapy

Observation continues to be appropriate for asymptomatic patients with low bulk disease and no cytopenias. There is no overall survival (OS) advantage for early treatment with either chemotherapy or single‐agent rituximab. For patients needing therapy, most patients are treated with chemoimmunotherapy, which has improved overall response rates (ORR), DOR, and OS. Randomized studies have shown additional benefits for maintenance of rituximab. Lenalidomide was non‐inferior to chemoimmunotherapy in a randomized front‐line study and, when combined with rituximab, was superior to rituximab alone in relapsed FL. Kinase inhibitors, stem cell transplantation (SCT), and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR‐T) are also considered for recurrent disease.
Engineering Support and Distribution of Palladium and Tin on MXene with Modulation of the d‐Band Center for CO‐resilient Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Chen Shufen , Liu Ning , Zhong Junjie , Yang Rongliang , Yan Bo , Gan Liyong , Yu Peng , Gui Xuchun , Yang Hongbin , Yu Dingshan , Zeng Zhiping , Yang Guowei
Published: September 2022

The efficiency of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is largely determined by the activity and durability of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) catalysts. Herein, we present a CO‐resilient MOR catalyst of palladium‐tin nano‐alloy anchored on Se‐doped MXene (PdSn0.5/Se−Ti3C2) via a progressive one‐step electrochemical deposition strategy. MOR mass activity resulting from Pd/Se−Ti3C2 catalyst (1046.2 mA mg−1) is over 2‐fold larger than that of Pd/Ti3C2, suggesting that the introduction of Se atoms on MXene might accelerate the reaction kinetics. PdSn0.5/Se−Ti3C2 with Se‐doping progress of MXene and the cooperated Pd−Sn sites has a superior MOR mass activity (4762.8 mA mg−1), outperforming many other reported Pd‐based catalysts. Both experimental results and theoretical calculation reveal that boosted electron interaction of metal crystals with Se‐doped MXene and optimized distribution of Pd−Sn sites can modulate the d band center, reduce adsorption energies of CO* at Pd site and enhance OH* generation at Sn site, resulting in highly efficient removal of CO intermediates by reaction with neighboring OH species on adjacent Sn sites.
Single‐Atom Materials as Electrochemical Sensors: Sensitivity, Selectivity, and Stability
Authors: Zheng Weiran
Published: September 2022

Single‐atom materials (SAMs) feature isolated metal sites embedded inside inorganic or organic supports. Thanks to the well‐defined electrochemically active centers, SAMs have demonstrated expectational performance as electrochemical sensors. In this review, we provided an introductive discussion on the current research progress of metal‐inorganic/organic SAMs‐based sensors, including mainly metal‐carbon, metal‐metal oxide/hydroxide/dichalcogenide, metal‐organic frameworks, and metal‐doped covalent organic frameworks. Following these examples, we outlined a few general strategies for rationalizing SAMs towards better sensitivity, selectivity, and stability.
A new copper Schiff‐base complex of 3,4‐diaminobenzophenone stabilized on magnetic MCM‐41 as a homoselective and reusable catalyst in the synthesis of tetrazoles and pyranopyrazoles
Authors: Kikhavani Tavan , Moradi Parisa , Mashari‐Karir Mohammad , Naji Jalil
Published: September 2022

This work discusses the synthesis and characterization of new copper Schiff‐base complex of 3,4‐diaminobenzophenone stabilized on magnetic MCM‐41 as a magnetically reusable catalyst. At first, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized via a chemical co‐precipitation method using FeCl2.6H2O and FeCl3.6H2O in basic solution of ammonia. Then magnetic MCM‐41 were synthesized via Fe3O4‐doped into mesoporous channels of MCM‐41. Further a new copper Schiff‐base complex of 3,4‐diaminobenzophenone was supported on magnetic MCM‐41 and was used as a practical and magnetically reusable catalyst in organic reactions such as homoselective synthesis of tetrazole and pyranopyrazole derivatives. This catalyst was characterized by several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), wavelength dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (WDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and vibrating sample magnetomter (VSM). This catalyst display good selectivity, high activity, stability and facile magnetic separation. Therefore, this catalyst can be recycled for several times without significant loss of its catalytic efficiency.
Preparation of waterborne polyimide‐modified epoxy resin with high thermal properties and adhesion properties
Authors: Xing Hao , Mao Yanyu , Yang Yang , Qu Chunyan , Wang Dezhi , Fan Xupeng , Zhao Liwei , Zhou Dongpeng , Liu Changwei
Published: September 2022

In response to the theme of environmental protection and green development in the world in the recent years, waterborne epoxy resin has received more and more attention. Waterborne epoxy resin has lower toxicity, but its low toughness limits the application range of waterborne epoxy resin. Here, we first proposed a method of toughening waterborne epoxy resin with aqueous polyamide salt solution. In this article, a series of waterborne polyamic acid salts is used as modification polymer to improve the high‐temperature resistance and other properties of waterborne epoxy resins by copolymerization modification. Waterborne polyamic acid salt is dispersed uniformly in the epoxy resin. After curing, by compared with the pure epoxy resin, a semi‐interpenetrating network is formed, the cross‐linking density and the high‐temperature resistance of the material are increased, and the glass transition temperature increases from 105°C to 116°C. The storage modulus at 300°C increases from 6.15 to 15.76 MPa. Thermogravimetric Analysis results reveal that the corresponding temperatures of 5% and 10% weight loss increase from 403°C and 419°C to 415°C and 435°C, respectively. At the same time, the toughness of the imide chain segment and polar groups lead to the improved adhesion of the epoxy system, the peeling strength increase from 0.51 to 1.24 N cm−1, and the lap shear strength at high temperature (100°C) increase from 0.58 to 16.97 MPa. The water absorption decreases from 1.51% to 0.66%. The developed waterborne epoxy resin is expected to be used as a high‐temperature waterborne epoxy coating in high‐temperature coatings and other applications.
Predicting coauthorship using bibliographic network embedding
Authors: Zhu Yongjun , Quan Lihong , Chen Pei‐Ying , Kim Meen Chul , Che Chao
Published: September 2022

Coauthorship prediction applies predictive analytics to bibliographic data to predict authors who are highly likely to be coauthors. In this study, we propose an approach for coauthorship prediction based on bibliographic network embedding through a graph‐based bibliographic data model that can be used to model common bibliographic data, including papers, terms, sources, authors, departments, research interests, universities, and countries. A real‐world dataset released by AMiner that includes more than 2 million papers, 8 million citations, and 1.7 million authors were integrated into a large bibliographic network using the proposed bibliographic data model. Translation‐based methods were applied to the entities and relationships to generate their low‐dimensional embeddings while preserving their connectivity information in the original bibliographic network. We applied machine learning algorithms to embeddings that represent the coauthorship relationships of the two authors and achieved high prediction results. The reference model, which is the combination of a network embedding size of 100, the most basic translation‐based method, and a gradient boosting method achieved an F1 score of 0.9 and even higher scores are obtainable with different embedding sizes and more advanced embedding methods. Thus, the strengths of the proposed approach lie in its customizable components under a unified framework.
Information, platformized
Authors: Ma Lai
Published: September 2022

Scholarly publications are often regarded as “information” by default. They are collected, organized, preserved, and made accessible as knowledge records. However, the instances of article retraction, misconduct and malpractices of researchers and the replication crisis have raised concerns about the informativeness and evidential qualities of information. Among many factors, knowledge production has moved away from “normal science” under the systemic influences of platformization involving the datafication and commodification of scholarly articles, research profiles and research activities. This article aims to understand the platformization of information by examining how research practices and knowledge production are steered by market and platform mechanisms in four ways: (a) ownership of information; (b) metrics for sale; (c) relevance by metrics, and (d) market‐based competition. In conclusion, the article argues that information is platformized when platforms hold the dominating power in determining what kinds of information can be disseminated and rewarded and when informativeness is decoupled from the normative agreement or consensus co‐constructed and co‐determined in an open and public discourse.
A new model for recognition, referral, and follow‐up of autism spectrum disorder: A nationwide program
Authors: Dursun Onur Burak , Turan Bahadır , Öğütlü Hakan , Binici Nagihan Cevher , Örengül Abdurrahman Cahid , Alataş Esra , Özdemir Rabia Madan , Taşlıbeyaz Elif , Karaman Selçuk , Mukaddes Nahit Motavallı ,   on behalf of Turkish Autism Workgroup
Published: September 2022

Early diagnosis of autism certainly stands as one of the most important determinants to ensure a better prognosis of the disorder, it is common that the screening programs to ensure this, end up not being implemented in health systems of many countries. This may stem from the disadvantages of classically suggested scale‐based screening (SBS) programs. This study presents a nationwide recognition and referral model for early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), in order to meet the obvious need for new methods. The model consists of interactive video‐based training (IVBAT) of health care workers (HCW), a system where family physicians (FPs) record five probable indicators of autism in their family medicine information system; and is therefore, a practical referral system in which the FP may refer a child with any suggestive finding to a child psychiatrist and may well continue to monitor recently diagnosed cases. The autism teams consist of trained child psychiatrists and coordinators, who delivered trainings to 29,612 FPs and 23,511 nurses countrywide. Of 98.8% FPs were trained throughout the country. Total of 1,863,096 children were reported to have a brief examination of autism signs in Family Medicine Units by trained FPs and nurses. A total of 55,314 (2.96%) these children were deemed at risk for ASD and were referred to child psychiatrists. In the evaluation of 55,314 children by child psychiatrists, 10,087 cases were diagnosed with developmental disorders, while 3226 of children at risk were diagnosed with autism. The results of this study, which reached to the largest sample to date, suggest that some other alternative methods, in addition to SBS should also be tested in order to screen ASD.

Lay Summary

In this study, a nationwide recognition and referral model for early identification of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is presented. Scale‐based screening (SBS) is the most recommended model for autism, however, it is clear that most countries can not implement this model in their health system. The results of this study, which reached to the largest sample to date, suggest that SBS may not be the only me for screening ASD and that alternative methods should be tried, as there is an obvious need for exploratory approaches.
Parasympathetic functioning and sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Schiltz Hillary K. , Fenning Rachel M. , Erath Stephen A. , Baker Jason K.
Published: September 2022

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of parasympathetic nervous system activity, has been linked with sleep quality among children with neurotypical development. The current study extended examination of these processes to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a group at considerable risk for sleep problems. Participants included 54 children with ASD (aged 6–10 years, 43% Hispanic). RSA data were collected via a wired MindWare system during a 3‐min baseline and a 3‐min challenge task. Parents reported on their children's sleep problems and sleep duration using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Abbreviated. Although no significant correlations emerged between RSA indices and parent‐reported child sleep, baseline RSA and RSA reactivity interacted in the prediction of sleep problems. For children with higher RSA reactivity, higher baseline RSA was associated with fewer sleep problems, but for children with lower RSA reactivity, baseline RSA was not predictive. No main effects or interactions of RSA predicted sleep duration. Findings suggest resilience against sleep problems for children with ASD presenting with higher baseline RSA and higher RSA reactivity. Implications of these results center upon directly targeting psychophysiology (i.e., parasympathetic nervous system regulation) as a possible mechanism to improve sleep in children with ASD, and developing personalized interventions based on physiological markers of risk and resilience.
Comparison of DNA methylation patterns across tissue types in infants with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Nelson Jennifer S. , Kwok Cheuk , Braganca Nicholas E. , Lopez Daralys L. , Espina Rey Andrea P. , Robinson Matthew , Ebert Steven N.
Published: September 2022

Background

Environmental factors may influence the development of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and DNA methylation patterns may reveal specific chemical signatures of perturbations during cardiac development. We investigated whether blood and buccal cells could be viable surrogates for myocardium.

Methods

We measured epigenome‐wide DNA methylation at 866,895 5’‐cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine‐3’ (CpG) sites in blood (n=3), buccal cells (n=3), and right ventricular myocardium (n=4) collected from infants with TOF and compared the percent of differentially methylated CpG sites across tissue types. Gene‐specific DNA methylation profiles were also analyzed for ten representative genes associated with heart development. Welch's ANOVAs compared general methylation between tissue types.

Results

Comparison of DNA methylation profiles across blood, buccal, and myocardium suggested myocardium and buccal samples were most similar, differing in DNA methylation at only 1.3% (11,386) of CpG sites whereas myocardium and blood were most dissimilar, having 146,857 statistically dissimilar methylated CpG sites (~17% dissimilarity; adjusted p < 0.01 for each site). Buccal swabs were significantly more variable (p < .001) than either blood or myocardial samples. In gene‐specific analyses, SCO2, GATA4, NOTCH4, WNT7A, and DKK2 showed conserved DNA methylation profiles across tissue types, while HAND1, JAG1, NKX2‐5, TBX5 and TBX20 showed more distinctive tissue‐specific patterns of DNA methylation.

Conclusions

Compared with blood, buccal tissue more closely mirrors the myocardial methylome, with >10‐fold similarity. Nevertheless, both buccal and blood tissue capture highly conserved DNA methylation patterns at specific genetic loci related to cardiac development.

Buccal cheek swabs may be a useful surrogate tissue type for future investigations of TOF‐specific epigenetic profiles.
The impact of COVID‐19 on A Level exams in England: Students as consumers
Authors: Bhopal Kalwant , Myers Martin
Published: September 2022

The recent global outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic created significant challenges for society, not least for education. England went into lockdown in March 2020; following this, A Level exams were cancelled and the Department for Education announced that results were to be determined by teacher‐assessed grades. This paper draws upon research conducted during this time with A Level students. It is based on a total of 53 Skype interviews with students who had their A Level exams cancelled, most of whom had ambitions to start university in September 2020. A number of striking findings emerged from the study. Students were well‐informed about the changes to the A Level exam assessment and the impact structural inequalities were likely to have on assessed grades. White students and those from independent fee‐paying schools were consistently more satisfied with the measures put in place to assess their grades compared to students from Black and minority ethnic backgrounds. However, all students—regardless of their background—identified patterns of unfairness which were based on structural inequalities. We conclude that these findings point to students adopting some of the attributes of the ‘student as consumer’, not by concentrating on choices associated with free market economies such as ‘good value’, but rather by identifying more ethical ‘values’ within education.
Problem behavior maintained by a precurrent relation
Authors: Mead Jasperse Sarah C. , Iwata Brian A. , Topham Kathryn Horton
Published: September 2022

Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior is a well‐established treatment for problem behavior in which the functional reinforcer is delivered after the occurrence of a replacement behavior and withheld after the occurrence of problem behavior. However, sometimes problem behavior continues to occur under these conditions, raising a question as to why problem behavior might maintain when its reinforcer is withheld. This study examined the possibility that problem behavior could be maintained indirectly in a precurrent relation. A functional analysis was conducted to identify a response‐response relation between self‐injurious behavior (SIB) and an alternative response. The results suggest that SIB was maintained by its relation with the alternative response.
Enhanced photovoltaic performance for quinoxaline‐based polymeric donor via backbone engineering for non‐fullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Agneeswari Rajalingam , Ahn Yoomi , Tamilavan Vellaiappillai , Kim Danbi , Shin Insoo , Yi Hojun , Shin Chnan‐gi , Park Sung Heum , Jin Youngeup
Published: September 2022

Herein, we demonstrate a facile technique for transforming a low‐energy‐converting quinoxaline‐based polymer into an efficient polymeric donor for non‐fullerene acceptor‐based organic solar cells (NFA‐OSCs). Alternating copolymers, namely P(BDTSi‐DTfQ), incorporating electron‐rich 4,8‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐′]dithiophene (BDTSi) and electron‐deficient 2,3‐didodecyl‐6‐fluoro‐5,8‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)quinoxaline (DTfQ) units were synthesized. The properties of P(BDTSi‐DTfQ) were thoroughly studied and briefly compared to those of the reported polymers, namely P(BDTSi‐DTffQ), made up of BDTSi and 2,3‐didodecyl‐6,7‐difluoro‐5,8‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)quinoxaline (DTffQ) units. Polymer P(BDTSi‐DTfQ) exhibited a lower bandgap (Eg) and higher highest occupied and lowest unoccupied energy levels (HOMO and LUMO) than P(BDTSi‐DTffQ). The estimated Eg and HOMO/LUMO for P(BDTSi‐DTfQ) were 1.90 eV and −5.46 eV/−3.56 eV, respectively, and for P(BDTSi‐DTffQ) the same were 1.94 eV and −5.58 eV/−3.64 eV, respectively. Interestingly, the NFA‐OSCs made from P(BDTSi‐DTfQ) as the donor and NFA, namely ITIC, as the acceptor, gave a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.68%, which is much higher than the PCE obtained (⁓0.75%) for the OSCs prepared by using the P(BDTSi‐DTffQ):ITIC blend. Noticeably, the energy levels of P(BDTSi‐DTfQ) were found to be favorable for efficient charge separation when it was blended with ITIC. This blend not only allowed a better charge separation at the donor/acceptor interfaces but also significantly lowered bimolecular recombination. The overall effect was to provide a higher PCE. However, P(BDTSi‐DTffQ) showed mismatched energy levels with ITIC resulting in a higher bimolecular recombination and lower PCE.
Real‐World clinical features and survival outcomes associated with primary gastrointestinal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma from 1999 to 2020
Authors: Chunli Yang , Ming Jiang , Ziyan Ma , Jie Ji , Shuli Lv , Jie Huang , Yu Wu , Caigang Xu , Liqun Zou
Published: September 2022

Background

Primary gastrointestinal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma (PGINKTL) is a rare T‐/NK‐cell lymphoma subtype, and the clinical features and survival outcomes remain largely unknown.

Methods

To summarize the clinical features and survival outcomes of PGINKTL, PGINKTL cases diagnosed at our hospital from May 1999 to December 2020 were reviewed; and the clinical data, information on treatment strategies, and survival were collected. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. We constructed a nomogram to visualize the survival prediction of PGINKTL. The discriminative ability and calibration of the nomogram for prediction were tested using the concordance index (C‐index) and calibration plots.

Results

The cohort included 81 cases, the median age was 36 years (range, 7–80 years), and the male‐to‐female ratio was 1.7:1. The most common clinical symptom at the time of diagnosis was abdominal pain (71.6%). The most common lesion site was the colon (59.3%). During a median follow‐up period of 37.7 months, the median overall survival (OS) time of 81 patients was 4.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1–4.9 months), and the 2‐year OS rate was 30.7% (95% CI, 20.3%–40.1%). The multivariate analyses indicated that patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) score ≥2, serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level ≥ the upper limit normal (ULN), and perforation had worse OS. We used these data to establish a nomogram to predict survival for PGINKTL. The nomogram displayed good accuracy, with a C‐index of 0.726.

Conclusion

The clinical features and poor outcomes of PGINKTL, which is a rare and fatal lymphoma type, are presented. The proposed nomogram provides an individualized estimate of survival for these patients. In the future, the study focused on exploring a better treatment strategy to improve survival is required in PGINKTL.
The impairment of induction chemotherapy for stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Lai YuLin , Wang ChengTao , Yang XingLi , He ShaSha , Wang Yan , Chen Yong
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To explore the efficacy of induction chemotherapy (IC) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods

Totally, 450 eligible patients with staged II NPC on the basis of the 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system were eventually included from January 2010 to September 2020. The one‐to‐one propensity score‐matched (1:1 PSM) analysis was employed to balance variables. We conducted univariate and multivariate analysis of survival to identify prognostic factors and demonstrated the findings in the matching cohort.

Results

In total, 141 pairs were selected by 1:1 PSM. IC + CCRT group in the matched data decreased 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS, 75.5% vs. 88.0%, p = 0.032) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS, 86.0% vs. 96.5%, p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in 5‐year overall survival (OS, 93.8% vs. 95.6%, p = 0.192) and locoregional relapse‐free survival (LRRFS, 87.1% vs. 94.3%, p = 0.169) compared with RT/CCRT. Multivariate analysis indicated that IC + CCRT was associated with significantly poor PFS (p = 0.024) and DMFS (p = 0.010). High neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (>4.1) was negatively associated with OS (p = 0.034), PFS (p = 0.017) and DMFS (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Adding IC to CCRT or IMRT alone has decreased PFS and DMFS, therefore, IC should not be recommended in stage II NPC patients. No significant differences in OS and LRRFS were observed in stage II disease.
Cancer and psychiatric diagnoses in the year preceding suicide
Authors: Kahn Geoffrey D. , Tam Samantha H. , Felton Julia W. , Westphal Joslyn , Simon Gregory E. , Owen‐Smith Ashli A. , Rossom Rebecca C. , Beck Arne L. , Lynch Frances L. , Daida Yihe G. , Lu Christine Y. , Waring Stephen , Frank Cathrine B. , Akinyemi Esther O. , Ahmedani Brian K.
Published: September 2022

Background

Patients with cancer are known to be at increased risk for suicide but little is known about the interaction between cancer and psychiatric diagnoses, another well‐documented risk factor.

Methods

Electronic medical records from nine healthcare systems participating in the Mental Health Research Network were aggregated to form a retrospective case–control study, with ICD‐9 codes used to identify diagnoses in the 1 year prior to death by suicide for cases (N = 3330) or matching index date for controls (N = 297,034). Conditional logistic regression was used to assess differences in cancer and psychiatric diagnoses between cases and controls, controlling for sex and age.

Results

Among patients without concurrent psychiatric diagnoses, cancer at disease sites with lower average 5‐year survival rates were associated with significantly greater relative risk, while cancer disease sites with survival rates of >70% conferred no increased risk. Patients with most psychiatric diagnoses were at higher risk, however, there was no additional risk conferred to these patients by a concurrent cancer diagnosis.

Conclusion

We found no evidence of a synergistic effect between cancer and psychiatric diagnoses. However, cancer patients with a concurrent psychiatric illness remain at the highest relative risk for suicide, regardless of cancer disease site, due to strong independent associations between psychiatric diagnoses and suicide. For patients without a concurrent psychiatric illness, cancer disease sites associated with worse prognoses appeared to confer greater suicide risk.
Craft a compelling narrative for grant funding success
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2022

LAS VEGAS — “I spent about 16 years at Syracuse University, in their emergency communications department. In [this] my former job, ‘no’ was never an option. I had to find a solution [to whatever problem we faced]. Grant funding is similar,” Shannon Day, Grants Development Consultant, Grants Office, LLC, said.
Engage students to change community perception of law enforcement
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2022

Brian Travis, Chief of Police for Solano Community College, never imagined, as a child who arrived in America as a Vietnamese refugee at nine years old, that he would one day be a chief of police. “We escaped from Vietnam back in 1979. I was on the high seas for 30 days, and we almost died four times,” Travis said.
Learn from the leadership of U.S. presidents
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: September 2022

While in Dallas recently, I had some time to kill before my flight back to Atlanta. Just down the street from Love Field airport is the Southern Methodist University campus, which hosts the George W. Bush Presidential Center. I'd never been to a presidential library before and decided to venture inside. I hope you can put your politics aside as I describe my visit and the leadership qualities I identified in former President Bush. All presidents of the United States display high levels of leadership, or they wouldn't have been elected.
Prepare for impact of proposed new Title IX regs on sexual assault and discrimination
Authors: Bowers Blaze M.
Published: September 2022

The Title IX saga continues. The U.S. Department of Education under the Biden administration released new, proposed Title IX regulations on June 23 — the 50th anniversary of Title IX. Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education and has been subject to several regulatory overhauls in past decades.
Report reveals student mental health greatest concern for fall
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2022

In a nationwide survey of approximately 1,200 college students, conducted by TimelyMD, students revealed that their top concern for the upcoming fall semester was their own mental health — even more so than finances or an active shooter situation on campus.
Genetic and agronomic zinc biofortification modify processing and nutritional quality of common wheat
Authors: Ahsin Muhammad , Pasha Imran , Liaquat Marrium , Amir Mamoona
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

The combined genetic and agronomic zinc (Zn) biofortification of wheat is effective in minimizing Zn deficiency‐related issues, but its milling efficiency, baking quality, and effectiveness to improve animals' Zn status are unknown. We, therefore, studied Zincol‐2016 (genetically Zn‐biofortified wheat) Zn nutrition, suitability for milling, and rheological properties; both with and without soil Zn application.

Findings

Higher test weight and extraction rate suggest that Zincol‐2016 is better suited (p < .0001) for milling, however its significantly lower gluten content and water absorption shows poor suitability for baking. More dietary Zn supply and higher Zn levels in blood and tissues confirm improved (p < .001) Zn nutrition trait of Zincol‐2016, and that's further enhanced (p < .001) by soil Zn application.

Conclusion

Cultivation of Zincol‐2016, on Zn‐deficient soil, with Zn application for optimum grain yield can improve wheat Zn nutrition but not up to desired levels, however, higher rates may achieve adequate Zn levels. Low protein content may limit Zincol‐2016 application in baking industry, thus protein traits must be focused in genetic biofortification.

Significance and Novelty

Our research may help millers and bakers intending to meet Zn‐biofortified products demand, and the breeders trying to replace standard cultivars.
Respiratory questionnaire‐based analysis of awareness of COPD in a large multicenter rural population‐based study in India
Authors: Patil Shital , Patil Rajesh , Bhise Mukund , Jadhav Anil
Published: September 2022

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a more prevalent chronic lung disease with a significant health burden, and the majority of these cases receive inadequate treatment.

Methods

Prospective, observational, interview (questionnaire) based complete workup COPD study, screened 12,000 cases with chronic respiratory symptoms with cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath. A total of 6000 COPD cases were enrolled after the spirometry test. COPD cases were assessed as disease knowledge and methods of treatment offered by applying questionnaires to patients and treating physicians.

Results

In the present study, 3% of study cases were aware of their COPD illness, 54% were not having knowledge about the disease, and 43% cases were not accepting the COPD diagnosis (p < 0.0001). A total of 58% of cases received inhalation treatment as levosalbutamol monotherapy in 31% cases, levosalbutamol plus beclometasone in 18% cases, and formoterol plus budesonide or salmeterol plus fluticasone only in 9% of COPD cases (p < 0.0001). Total 42% cases received oral treatment as theophylline in 16% cases, salbutamol in 7% cases, oral steroids in 19% cases (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

“Doctor–patient–drug trio” discordance clubbed as “difficult doctor, difficult patient, and difficult treatment” is a very crucial issue observed during diagnosis and management of COPD in peripheral settings in India.
New Strategy for Optimizing the Properties of Copper Halide Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Lighting‐emitting Materials
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhou Zhennan , Li Haibo , Lv Yi , Tong Hua , Zhu Jialin , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: September 2022

Copper(I) halide organic‐inorganic hybrid luminescent materials have many advantages, such as diverse structure, facile synthesis, high luminescent efficiency, tunable optical performance, etc., and show a broad application prospect in energy‐saving lighting, display and other fields. However, compared with commercial rare‐earth‐metal‐based phosphors, the reported hybrids generally suffer from poor stability and low luminescent efficiency, which are the bottleneck problem of their practical application. With the aim of developing high‐performance organic‐inorganic hybrid luminescent materials, a new synthesis strategy has been reported. This strategy can systematically design and synthesis copper(I) halide ionic hybrid structures by combining the covalent bonding and ionic bonding between inorganic and organic components into one structure, and use their synergistic effect to optimizing their properties. This design method is expected to develop high‐performance organic‐inorganic hybrid luminescent materials, promote the in‐depth understanding of this field, and provide new ideas for the optimization of other types of hybrid materials.
Experimental study on the drainage gas recovery of an environmentally friendly nanofluid in tight gas reservoirs
Authors: Guowei Qin , Qingping Liu , Xiaohui Li , Saisai Sun , Wenlong Qin , Mei Wu
Published: September 2022

The efficiency of gas recovery in tight gas reservoirs has been a challenge in the oil and gas industry for the past decade because conventional drainage or water‐controlled gas recovery technologies typically have poor performance in low‐permeability reservoirs. To solve this problem, self‐made nanofluid was introduced to enhance drainage gas recovery in a tight gas reservoir. In this paper, nanofluid was prepared by phase reversal technology for application in a tight gas reservoir. Its thermal, acidic, alkaline, and salty stabilities were systematically investigated by using light transmittance as a shortcut index. At the same time, its biodegradability and biotoxicity were evaluated based on the industry/national standard, and the effectiveness of its drainage gas recovery was studied by dynamic gas–water percolation. The results showed that the self‐made nanofluid can be effectively used for drainage gas recovery in tight gas reservoirs. The nanofluid has chemical stability and is environmentally friendly, which fully conforms to the contemporary development trend of the oil and gas industry. The nanofluid can shift the isotonic point of the gas–water relative permeability to the left (its minimum is 1.83% at 6.25 wt.% and maximum is 4.78% at 100 wt.%) and reduce the irreducible water saturation (its minimum is 8.84% at 6.25 wt.% and maximum is 4.28% at 100 wt.%), achieving the purpose of the enhancement of drainage gas recovery. The research results provide technical support for the application of nanofluid to improve the gas production in tight gas reservoirs.