bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Isolation in Community-Dwelling Older Adults During COVID-19: Understanding the Role of Resilience
Authors: Garnett A. , Prentice K. , Booth R. , Donelle L. , Orange J. B. , Webster F.
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic increased social isolation for many older adults, causing concern for their health and well-being. To enhance understanding of how community-dwelling older adults were impacted by prolonged social isolation during COVID-19, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted to: (1) explore the self-reported factors supporting their resilience during COVID-19 related social isolation, and (2) to help understand the intentional and unintentional outcomes of the government mandated health measures. A total of 19 community dwelling older adults were sampled. Factors that supported older adults’ resilience during COVID-19 included maintaining positivity, drawing on historical experiences of resilience and finding opportunities to connect with their community. However, collective safety came with losses: such as time, freedom, opportunity, engagement, and initiative. The findings provide insight on contributing factors to resilience against social isolation in older adults and suggest the value of collective, community-based approaches to build resilience across variable contexts in this population.
Placing /aw/ Retraction in the Retreat from the Southern Vowel Shift in Raleigh, North Carolina
Authors: Bissell Marie
Published: January 2023

This study focuses on changes over apparent time in the /aw/ vowel class (e.g., mouth) in Raleigh, a city in North Carolina whose speakers have undergone vocalic changes away from the Southern Vowel Shift in response to extensive in-migration from the northern United States. Although Southerners have conventionally fronted /aw/ nuclei along with other speakers in the Southeastern super-region, some researchers have noted a trend of /aw/ nucleus retraction among younger speakers in urban areas, such as Philadelphia and Kansas City. I examine how the acoustics of /aw/ production have shifted generationally in Raleigh, with a particular focus on nucleus retraction and glide height. The analysis suggests that concurrent phonologically-driven and socially-driven forces may be acting upon this vowel class in the speech of white Raleigh residents.
Autonomous Motives Foster Sustained Commitment to Action: Integrating Self-Determination Theory and the Social Identity Approach
Authors: Yip Lisette , Thomas Emma F. , Amiot Catherine , Louis Winnifred R. , McGarty Craig
Published: January 2023

Social change movements may take years or decades to achieve their goals and thus require ongoing efforts from their supporters. We apply the insights of self-determination theory to examine sustained collective action over time. We expected that autonomous motivation, but not controlled motivation, would predict sustained action. We also examine whether autonomous motivation shapes and is shaped by social identification as a supporter of the cause. Longitudinal data were collected from supporters of global poverty reduction ( N = 263) at two timepoints 1 year apart. Using latent change score modeling, we found that increases in autonomous motivation positively predicted increases in opinion-based group identification, which in turn predicted increases in self-reported collective action. Controlled motivation (Time 1) negatively predicted changes in action. We concluded that autonomous motivation predicts sustained action over time, while promoting controlled motives for action may backfire because it may undermine identification with the cause.
Measuring Disaggregation Quality
Authors: Casey Ryan , Gao Feng , Kirschenheiter Michael , Li Siyi , Pandit Shailendra
Published: January 2023

We construct a modified measure of disaggregation quality (MDQ) based on the disaggregation quality (DQ) measure from Chen et al. Both are parsimonious measures of disclosure quality in the annual report using the percentage of nonmissing financial statement items in Compustat. However, we take additional screening steps to minimize counting errors by resolving missing values due to GAAP changes over time and using a more comprehensive set of accounting equations from Casey et al. We also apply industry-based weights to adjust for the relative importance of the variables. We identify firm characteristics that are associated with the DQ measures and validate the measures. In addition, we find that MDQ intensifies market reactions to earnings announcements. Overall, MDQ is a more reliable and consistent measure of DQ.
Artistic Activism and Museum Accountability: Staging Antagonism in the Cultural Sphere
Authors: Pittas Konstantinos
Published: January 2023

This article examines the diversity of tactical interventions that transpired at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 2019, culminating in the resignation of the vice-chairman of its Board of Trustees. Instead of accepting the myth of museum neutrality, the activist campaign, spearheaded by the action-oriented movement Decolonize This Place, treated the Whitney as a site of ideological struggle, permeated by inner divisions and conflicting interests. Through their organizing efforts, activists prefigured a movement-based form of cultural production, mapped connections between seemingly disparate struggles, and built decolonial solidarities. While the activists’ actions were essential to stage the antagonisms that had been dormant in the institution, a multiplicity of actors needed to step in during the process, creating multiple pressure points and taking sides in the division. To amplify the Whitney staffers’ attempt to hold the museum leadership accountable, they sought to bring political protest into the institution, challenging the very principle of counting who belongs to the community and who is excluded.
Foucault and Agamben on Augustine, Paradise and the Politics of Human Nature
Authors: Prozorov Sergei
Published: January 2023

This article focuses on Foucault’s and Agamben’s readings of Augustine’s account of human nature and original sin. Foucault’s analysis of Augustine’s account of sexual acts in paradise, subordinated to will and devoid of lust, highlights the way it constitutes the model for the married couple, whose sexual acts are only acceptable if diverted by the will away from desire and towards the tasks of procreation. While Agamben rejects Augustine’s doctrine of original sin and reclaims paradise as the original homeland of humanity, his reappropriation of paradise remains conditioned by our turn towards our true nature, from which we have been estranged by sin. Agamben’s politics of reclaiming paradise necessarily involves the demand for obedience to this originary model of human nature. It therefore follows to the letter Augustine’s description of paradisiacal sex, in which the will prevails over desire by applying itself to and curtailing itself.
Identification of novel amyloidosis in dogs: α-S1-casein acquires amyloidogenicity in mammary tumor by overexpression and N-terminal truncation
Authors: Murakami Tomoaki , Kaku Toshisuke , Tsukakoshi Kaori , Iwaide Susumu , Itoh Yoshiyuki , Hisada Miki , Nomura Kohji , Kubo Rikako , Ikebukuro Kazunori , Sassa-O’Brien Yukiko , Kametani Fuyuki
Published: January 2023

Mammary tumor–associated amyloidosis (MTAA) in dogs is characterized by amyloid deposition in the stroma of mammary adenoma or carcinoma; however, the amyloid precursor protein remains unknown. We attempted to identify an amyloid precursor protein and elucidated its etiology by characterizing 5 cases of canine MTAA. Proteomic analyses of amyloid extracts from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens revealed α-S1-casein (CASA1) as a prime candidate and showed the N-terminal truncation of canine CASA1. Both immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy showed that amyloid deposits or fibrils in MTAA cases were positive for CASA1. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed the complete mRNA sequence encoding CASA1, whose expression was significantly higher in the amyloid-positive group. The recombinant protein of the N-terminal–truncated canine CASA1 and the synthetic peptides derived from canine and human CASA1 formed amyloid-like fibrils in vitro. Structural prediction suggested that the N-terminal region of CASA1 was disordered. Previously, full-length CASA1 was reported to inhibit the amyloidogenesis of other proteins; however, we demonstrated that CASA1 acquires amyloidogenicity via excessive synthesis followed by truncation of its disordered N-terminal region. By identifying a novel in vivo amyloidogenic protein in animals and revealing key mechanistic details of its associated pathology, this study provides valuable insights into the integrated understanding of related proteopathies.
Processes and Manifestations of Digital Resilience: Video and Textual Insights From Sexual and Gender Minority Youth
Authors: Craig Shelley L. , Brooks Ashley S. , Doll Katrin , Eaton Andrew D. , McInroy Lauren B. , Hui Jenny
Published: January 2023

Minority stressors harm sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY). This may be mitigated by promotive and protective factors and processes that manifest resilient coping. SGMY increasingly interact with information communication technologies (ICTs) to meet psychological needs, yet research often problematizes youths’ ICT use, inhibiting understanding about ICTs’ potential resilience-enhancing utilities. This study analyzes text and video responses of 609 SGMY aged 14 to 29 residing in Canada or the United States to an open-ended survey question about the benefits of using ICTs. Constructivist grounded theory integrating multimodal coding was used to analyze the data, producing a framework of digital resilience—digital processes and actions that generate positive growth—with four themes: Regulating Emotions and Curating Microsystems; Learning and Integrating; Advocating and Leading; and Cultivating Relationships and Communities of Care. Implications for clinical practice, survey innovation, and application of findings in fostering affirming digital microsystems for SGMY are discussed.
Chitosan–silver nanocomposites as a promising tool for controlling the bed bug: Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Attia Marwa M , Khalf Mahmoud A , Abou-Okada Mahmoud , Shamseldean Muhammad SM , Salem Mai A , Al-Sabi Mohammad Nafi Solaiman
Published: January 2023

This study evaluates the use of chitosan–silver nanocomposites (CSN) as an insecticide against the bed bug ( Cimex lectularius). Adult bed bugs were collected from infested residential areas and identified using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. CSN were prepared and photographed for characterization using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. The insecticidal effect of different concentrations of CSN (400–1000 ppm) was compared to that of 0.1% cypermethrin as a positive control and normal saline as a negative control. The bugs ( n = 25) were immersed for 20 min in the corresponding medium, dried with filter papers, and then incubated at 27–28°C and 70% RH with a 12:12 h light–dark photoperiod. The mortality rates were recorded at different time intervals (2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h post-incubation (hPI)), and the entire experiment was repeated five times. Image analysis showed round- to spherical-shaped CSN ranging in size from 34 to 72 nm. The mortality rates were positively associated with increasing concentrations of CSN. The mortality rate first reached 100% for concentrations of 800 ppm at 24 hPI and 1000 ppm at 12 hPI. The calculated LC50 was found at a concentration of 1165 ppm at 2 hPI, and the LC99 was found at a concentration of 1914 ppm at 2 hPI. The positive control, cypermethrin, induced 100% mortality among the bugs at 2 hPI, while the negative control caused no mortality. These results clearly show the potential of CSN as an insecticide against C. lectularius. Future studies on best practices for implementing these particles in clinical settings are recommended.
Association of Osteoarthritis and Functional Limitations With Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Rakutt Maxwell J. , Mace Ryan A. , Conley Caitlin E. W. , Stone Austin V. , Duncan Stephen T. , Greenberg Jonathan , Landy David C. , Vranceanu Ana-Maria , Jacobs Cale A.
Published: January 2023

Objective: Given overlapping pathophysiology, this study sought to assess the association between osteoarthritis (OA), functional impairment, and cognitive impairment in the aging population. Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to identify participants >60 years of age. We analyzed multivariable associations of grouped participants that underwent cognitive function testing using linear and logistic regression, adjusting for sex, age, race, and ethnicity. Results: Of 2776 identified participants representing a population of 50,242,917, 40% did not report OA or functional limitations; 21% had OA but not functional limitations; 15% did not have OA but had functional limitations; 17% had OA and related functional limitations; and 7% had OA and non-arthritic functional limitations. OA was not independently associated with cognitive impairment. Contrarily, functional limitations were associated with cognitive impairment regardless of OA diagnosis. Discussion: Cognitive impairment is not associated with OA, but rather functional limitations, potentially guiding future intervention.
Mechanistic model and probability characteristics of micro-milling force with a new parameter identification method
Authors: Ding Pengfei , Huang Xianzhen , Miao Xinglin , Zhang Xuewei , Li YuXiong , Wang Changli
Published: January 2023

As a critical part of the analysis of the micro-milling process, mechanical modeling directly affects the prediction of the surface finish of machining materials and the cutting stability. In this paper, a flexible force model of micro-milling is established, which accounts for the influence of the actual cycloid tool path, tool runout, elastic recovery, tool deformation, and chip separation state. The Harris Hawks Error Optimization parameter identification method is proposed to efficiently obtain the cutting force coefficient/parameter. Based on the uncertainty of system parameters caused by the manufacturing and assembly process, probability distribution characteristics of the micro-milling force are predicted and analyzed. Additionally, the Adaptive Kriging method is used to reconstruct the complex implicit relationship between the cutting parameters and milling forces, improving the computational efficiency of the probability analysis. Finally, a series of micro-milling experiments and computational results verified the accuracy of the proposed method.
Modified Shadow Robot Control method for optimal path synthesis of mechanisms: Application to five-link mechanism
Authors: Vali Ashkan , Beigzadeh Borhan , Haghjoo Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2023

For optimal path synthesis of a mechanism with a single degree of freedom (DOF), a powerful method called Shadow Robot Control (SRC) has been recently proposed in the literature. However, this method is restricted to synthesis problems with prescribed timing (i.e. problems in which a particular input crank angle is associated with each point of the desired trajectory). In this paper, the SRC method was elaborated and modified to be capable of synthesizing both prescribed and nonprescribed timing problems. For this purpose, a new structure of contour error and objective function estimation was presented. As a result, there is no need to consider the input angles (crank angles) corresponding to desired path points as optimization parameters, even for non-prescribed timing problems. This prevents unnecessarily enlarging the search space, providing a more effective and robust optimization method (with respect to initial guess). The synthesis of a geared five-link mechanism was used to detail the proposed algorithm as a case study. Despite the five-link mechanism capability and simplicity of generating a complicated trajectory, this single DOF path generator seems less investigated in the literature. Few existing numerical problems of the five-link mechanism in the literature were solved. The comparison of the results shows the effective performance of the proposed algorithm in synthesizing the mechanism.
FEM modelling of the three stages of friction stir spot welding
Authors: Carr Gustavo E , Biocca Nicolás , Lombera Guillermo A , Urquiza Santiago A
Published: January 2023

A three-dimensional modelling of the Friction Stir Spot Welding process was carried out by means of a two-dimensional continuum with symmetry of revolution around the tool axis. The model included the plunging, dwelling and withdrawal stages of two [Formula: see text] mm thick AA6061 alloy plates joining process. A highly viscous flow model was adopted, as well as the hypothesis of full stick contact between tool and material. The model was solved by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) techniques in an axisymmetric domain with mesh tracking and algorithms to account for contact and free flow. Numerical results were compared to experimental data found in literature. The maximum temperature for the pin front face was found within less than [Formula: see text]% of the experimental value. The velocity field were found close to those reported in literature and the final shape of the weld flash was similar to its experimental counterpart.
Dynamic characteristics analysis of long stroke reciprocating pump combined crank-linkage with rack-pinion mechanism
Authors: Huang Qiyue , Hou Yongjun , Xi Jianqiu
Published: January 2023

Drilling pump is the heart of drilling rig, its core structure is crank-linkage mechanism. However, the drilling pump is criticized for its short stroke and high stroke frequency. Aiming at these defects, a long stroke reciprocating (LSR) pump combined the crank-linkage with a rack-pinion mechanism is proposed, and its dynamic and flow characteristics are researched. The results reveal that the stroke of the LSR pump is extended twice when the crank radius stays the same. The stroke frequency and flow pulsation rate are lowered under the same rated power. A new multi-fulcrum crankshaft is designed to extend its fatigue life, and the reaction forces of each fulcrum are solved by simulation. The influence of the fulcrums position on the crankshaft modal frequency is further investigated. The flexible characteristics of the multi-fulcrum crankshaft are studied by rigid-flexible coupled analysis. The results show that more fulcrums can effectively reduce the stress of crankshaft, and the maximum stress of the multi-fulcrum crankshaft is only 178.6 MPa. The modal frequency of the multi-fulcrum crankshaft is increased due to more fulcrums, which proved its stiffness and stability are improved. The fatigue life of the multi-fulcrum crankshaft is predicted to reach 30,000 h by finite element analysis. This study would provide a theoretical basis for further development of the LSR pump.
Time and Frequency Connectedness Among Emerging Markets and QGREEN, FinTech and Artificial Intelligence-Based Index: Lessons from the Outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Sharma Sudhi , Aggarwal Vaibhav , Dixit Namita , Yadav Miklesh Prasad
Published: January 2023

The study is about contributing to the ongoing discussion on the diversification opportunities for emerging markets with non-conventional asset class. The limited literature in the era of fourth industrial revolution motivates us to gauge diversification opportunities. This study is focusing on identifying diversification opportunities with a set of unique asset classes that are the proxies for Green Funds, FinTech and Artificial Intelligence-based index funds. The method and model applied in the study are time and frequency connectedness in a Wavelet Coherence, and for the robustness check—Network analysis has been applied. The originality of the study lies in identifying the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19. The results captured that FinTech-based asset was the most resilient asset class during the pre- and post-outbreak of COVID-19, followed by AI-based fund and finally by Green fund. Henceforth, FinTech provides superior diversification opportunities among all with MSCI Emerging Market. AI and Green funds are captured to be invested in the long term for diversification, whereas FinTech is suitable for both long- and short-term assets. The results are relevant for investors in emerging markets and for policymakers as well.
Clinical update and commentary on psychiatric care for patients experiencing workplace bullying
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Kisely Stephen R , Bastiampillai Tarun J
Published: January 2023

Objective

To provide a brief clinical research update and commentary advice on the practical psychiatric care of patients suffering workplace bullying.

Conclusions

While there is empirical research on the prevalence and impacts of workplace bullying, there is a relative dearth of clinical research into psychiatric patient care. Accordingly, we provide commentary on practical considerations that assist in psychiatric care planning and delivery.
Opioid Use Among Social Security Disability Insurance Applicants, 2013–2018
Authors: Maestas Nicole , Sherry Tisamarie B. , Strand Alexander
Published: January 2023

Opioid use is common among Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) beneficiaries, who account for a disproportionate share of opioid-related hospitalizations and mortality in the United States. However, little is known about the prevalence of opioid use prior to SSDI enrollment. Understanding when opioid use is established and how it correlates with individual characteristics and community prescribing practices would inform policy approaches to reducing opioid-related harm among SSDI beneficiaries. We estimated the prevalence of opioid use among SSDI applicants by applying a natural language processing algorithm to SSDI application data. We found the prevalence of opioid use among SSDI applicants declined from 33% in 2013 to 24% in 2018. In contrast, the share of applicants with musculoskeletal impairments, which are commonly associated with pain, was unchanged. The share of applications reporting opioid use declined across both sexes, all age groups and education levels, and all regions. There was substantial variation, however, in the magnitude of decline by geography, with the smallest declines in parts of the Midwest and Southeastern United States. SSDI application rates and applications reporting opioid use were more likely to come from communities with higher opioid prescribing rates. Our estimates suggest most SSDI beneficiaries began opioid use prior to entering the SSDI program.
Fourth-order tensor calculus operations and application to continuum mechanics
Authors: Kellermann David C , Attard Mario M , O’Shea Daniel J
Published: January 2023

This paper provides a presentation of differential calculus involving fourth-order tensors in consideration of the cyclic class-based tensor operations introduced in an earlier paper on fourth-order tensor algebraic operations. Three classes of cyclic second-order tensor operators, denoted by dot, cross, and star, with separate definitions for double contraction, quadruple contraction, and tensor products were recognized. The present paper examines the differentiation of second-order isotropic tensor functions with respect to a second-order tensor, taking into account the three classes of second-order tensor operators. Product rules, chain rules, and identities necessary to maintain consistency are defined. In combining the proposed calculus rules with the second-order tensor operators, a comprehensive set of proofs for the power derivatives is first presented. A closed-form solution for the second-order tensor derivative of an isotropic tensor function is also detailed. Some of the new solutions are an outcome of capabilities offered by new operators and identities provided in the literature. The paper is arranged so as to be a useful reference work with regard to the mathematics of fourth-order tensors in absolute notation, particularly for application in the field of continuum mechanics in engineering.
Transient thermo-mechanical analysis of a spherical microshell based on the three-phase-lag thermoelasticity incorporating small-scale and memory-dependent effects
Authors: Peng Wei , He Tianhu
Published: January 2023

The applicability of the Green–Naghdi (GN-III) thermoelasticity is increasingly questionable because the theory predicts that heat transfers with an infinite speed. To address this deficiency, the three-phase-lag (TPL) thermoelasticity was developed by introducing the lagging times into the GN-III thermoelasticity. On another front, the small-scale effect on elastic deformation cannot be ignored with the miniaturization of structures or devices. Meanwhile, the memory-dependent feature of heat transfer process in the case of ultrafast heating cannot be described by the integer-order heat conduction models due to the inherent local limited definition. To capture the small-scale effect and the memory-dependent effect of the microstructures, as a first attempt, the present work focuses on developing a TPL thermoelastic model by considering the memory-dependent derivative (MDD) heat conduction model and Eringen’s nonlocal model. Then, the refined model is used to investigate the transient characteristics of a spherical microshell induced by thermal and mechanical loadings. The governing equations containing the modified parameters are derived and then solved by Laplace transform method. Some parametric results are demonstrated to display the effects of the time-delay factor, the kernel function, and the nonlocal parameter on the considered physical quantities.
Living with Violence: Men University Students Negotiate the Masculinity Mandate in Mexico
Authors: Siles-Bárcenas Isaac Ali
Published: January 2023

The literature on men and masculinities has established a clear and complex link between masculinity and violence. I contribute to the study of that link by exploring the relationship that men students from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) have had with violence along their life trajectories and in their everyday experience. I discuss this in relation to the notion of the “masculinity mandate” put forth by feminist scholar Rita L. Segato. Through the analysis of 43 in-depth interviews with undergraduate students, I show how these young men have incorporated various forms of violence to their action repertoire to keep their masculine positions and identities stable in different moments in their lives. In many cases, this has also meant these men have had to position themselves vis-à-vis violence walking away from it, manifestly rejecting it, or overtly challenging it. Likewise, students are embarked in a process of negotiation with the different denunciations of masculine violence put forth mostly by mobilized feminist collectives and public discourse within their university context and in the city at large.
The Colors of Masculinity: Experiences of Power and Intersectionality in Nuestra América
Authors: Viveros Vigoya Mara
Published: January 2023

This article proposes that masculinity in Colombia can be better understood by examining the extent to which masculine norms, positions, and identities are relative and shaped by the interactions between class, color, race, and region. To do this, I outline theoretical positions that have informed my research on the gender experiences of men in Colombia. Ideas put forward by Black Feminism, and concepts such as Nuestra América (Our America), Amefricanidade, and intersectionality have allowed me to understand the different “colors” of Colombian masculinities, in a context where the overlap of racial ideologies with gender domination plays a central role.
Emotion, motivation and willingness to communicate in the language learning experience: A comparative case study of two adult ESOL learners
Authors: Pavelescu Liana Maria
Published: January 2023

The present multiple case study is situated within the growing wave of research on the role of emotions in second language learning. It focuses more specifically on the relationship between emotion, motivation, willingness to communicate and the second language context. The participants were two adult learners of English as a second or other language (ESOL) in the United Kingdom: Aurora and Emilie (pseudonyms). Semi-structured interviews with the learners and their tutors, conducted face to face, were complemented with lesson observations over an academic term to achieve an in-depth understanding of the relationship between emotion, motivation, willingness to communicate and the learning context. Enjoyment and anxiety were the most salient emotions that emerged; however, the sources of these emotions were slightly different for the learners and were linked to the type of classroom activity and interlocutors. Both participants were highly motivated language learners because of their enjoyable learning experiences rather than by a vision of future English-using selves. While enjoyment appeared to strongly shape willingness to communicate in the classroom for both learners, anxiety hindered out-of-class communication in one of the students. The results suggest that the relationship between language learning emotions, motivation and willingness to communicate is linked to the learning context but that the interaction between different variables is unique to each learner. Implications for research and pedagogy are presented.
Economic martyrs and moralised others: The construction of social class in UK media during the ‘age of austerity’
Authors: Marsden Lee
Published: January 2023

This article describes the key findings of a study which critically analyses the construction of social class within UK media during the period 2010–2016 – part of the ‘age of austerity’. Focusing upon 240 newspaper articles covering six topics (emergency budget, welfare reform, workfare, bedroom tax, food banks and zero-hour contracts), the study provides critical insights into how class is constructed in an important context: namely that of economic downturn and rising inequality. The findings suggest that a pro-austerity discourse dominates the coverage. Here austerity is described as necessary, and the idea of ‘unavoidable scarcity’ forms the basis for a ‘moral divide’ between a vague in-group – the ‘ordinary hardworking people’, defined by their idealised struggle and selfless sense of duty – and an exploitative ‘other’. This both legitimises austerity and masks its broader impact. As the impacts become more apparent, however, challenges to the dominant narrative begin to appear. In the course of these challenges, the struggle inherent to class is placed back on the agenda, and class is increasingly constructed as an ‘anxious concept’ – a slippery slope down which one might fall.
Investigation of the benefits of passive TJI concept on cycle-to-cycle variability in a SI engine
Authors: Frasci Emmanuele , Novella Rosa Ricardo , Plá Moreno Benjamín , Arsie Ivan , Jannelli Elio
Published: January 2023

During the last years, the sales of vehicles equipped with Spark-Ignition (SI) engines have increased, to the detriment of those powered by Compression-Ignition (CI) engines. However, SI engines provide lower efficiency than CI engines, due to the low compression ratio and stoichiometric mixture operation. A way to increase the efficiency of SI engines is lean combustion, as it allows to increase the specific heats ratio (γ) and reduces pumping losses at part loads. Nevertheless, the operation with extremely lean mixtures deals with ignition issues, promoting Cycle-to-Cycle Variability (CCV) and increasing the probability of misfire. The prechamber ignition concept, also known as Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI), is a promising solution for enabling the implementation of lean combustion, without its drawback in SI engines. Such a concept can be implemented according to two approaches: In active TJI, there is an additional fuel supply system inside the prechamber, while in passive TJI there isn’t. Therefore, the main advantage of passive TJI is its simplicity, as the prechamber can be installed into a conventional spark plug body, with obvious benefits in terms of packaging and costs. In this work, the benefits of passive TJI on combustion and performance are assessed by simulation analyses. Particularly, a 1-D engine model was developed to simulate the TJI combustion and was validated versus experimental data. Afterward, a 0-D method was applied to assess the impact of the relative air-fuel ratio on CCV. The analysis was carried out in a high speed and load operating condition, namely 4500 rpm and 13 bar of IMEP, under both stoichiometric and lean mixture. Experimental and numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the passive TJI concept in promoting faster and more stable combustion also in lean-burn conditions.
Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis causing secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an immunocompetent patient: A first case report
Authors: Chowdhury Mohit , Prakash Prithivi Raaj , Singh Amandeep , Jorwal Pankaj , Das Sumanta , Soneja Manish
Published: January 2023

Acanthamoeba is a rare cause of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) associated with high mortality. There have been few case reports of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis worldwide. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory condition caused by abnormally active macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes; its secondary form is due to infections or malignancies. However, HLH is rather an unknown complication of GAE. We describe an unusual and previously unreported case of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis in a young immunocompetent female culminating in secondary HLH.
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Northern Tasmania
Authors: Rajalingam Priyanka , de Souza Aaron , Lee-Archer Matthew , Dhakal Mahesh
Published: January 2023

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare and incurable form of rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease. The disease is fatal, and most patients die within 1 year of diagnosis. Clinical features include progressive cognitive dysfunction, delusions or hallucinations, cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus, visual disturbances, extrapyramidal signs and eventually akinetic mutism. Most patients present with varied clinical presentation, hence making it difficult to diagnose at an early stage. We report five cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting to a Tasmanian hospital in Australia over a period of 52 months. We highlight significant clinical features in all our patients including few atypical presentations, emphasise on relevant clinical biomarkers and illustrate characteristic abnormalities on electroencephalogram and neuroimaging.
Endovascular Repair of Penetrating Thoracic Aortic Ulcers Using Tubular Stent Grafts Versus Stent Grafts With a Proximal Scallop
Authors: Kupferthaler Alexander , Hauck Sven R. , Schwarz Michael , Kern Maximilian , Deinsberger Julia , Dachs Theresa-Marie , Neumayer Christoph , Stelzmüller Maria-Elisabeth , Ehrlich Marek , Loewe Christian , Funovics Martin A.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

In penetrating aortic ulcers (PAUs), limited data support tubular thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as a viable treatment option. For treatment of more proximal PAUs, hybrid approaches and—more recently—scalloped TEVAR (scTEVAR) have been advocated. Outcomes of scTEVAR specifically for PAUs have not yet been reported. This study reports long-term outcomes for tubular and scTEVAR in PAUs and compares the safety profile in both cohorts regarding the significantly more proximal landing zone (LZ) for scTEVAR.

Materials and Methods:

This single-center retrospective cohort study includes all nonacute patients treated for complicated PAU with scTEVAR and tubular TEVAR. Patient and PAU characteristics as well as procedural success, complication and reintervention rates, and all-cause and aortic mortality were analyzed.

Results:

Of 212 TEVAR procedures reviewed, 21 patients with tubular TEVAR and 19 patients with scTEVAR were included. Patient and PAU characteristics were similar, and LZ was significantly more proximal in the scTEVAR cohort (p=0.0001), with similar number and types of supra-aortic revascularization procedures. Clinical success was reached in all 40 patients (100%), and reintervention rate was 2/21 (9.5%) and 1/19 (5.3%), respectively. Over the mean follow-up of 63 (TEVAR) and 53 (scTEVAR) months, clinical success was stable in all patients with one (abdominal) aortic-related mortality in the scTEVAR cohort.

Conclusion:

Treatment of complicated PAUs with TEVAR as well as scTEVAR provides excellent and similar clinical success, stability of clinical success, and aortic survival with acceptable complication and reintervention rates. Scalloped TEVAR safely lengthens the proximal sealing zone to address more proximal pathologies.

Clinical Impact

Treatment of asymptomatic complicated penetrating aortic ulcers (PAUs) with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) provides excellent clinical success and acceptable complication and reintervention rates. More patients become amenable to endovascular treatment by including scalloped TEVAR (scTEVAR) as a means to safely lengthen the proximal sealing zone to address more proximal pathologies.
Impact of Preoperative Anemia on Hospitalization, Death, and Overall Survival in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease Undergoing Endovascular Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United States and Canada
Authors: Natour Abdul Kader , Shepard Alexander D. , Nypaver Timothy J. , Rteil Ali , Corcoran Paul , Tang Xiaoqin , Kabbani Loay
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Preoperative anemia is associated with adverse outcomes after cardiac and noncardiac surgeries, but outcomes after an endovascular peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) are not well established. We aimed to assess the association of preoperative anemia with 30 day death, hospital length of stay (LOS), and overall (long term) survival in patients undergoing an endovascular PVI for peripheral artery disease.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective, cohort study in the United States and Canada, we queried the national Vascular Quality Initiative database for all endovascular PVIs performed between 2010 and 2019, and outcomes were correlated with patients’ hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Anemia was classified as mild (Hb=10–13 g/dL for men and 10–12 g/dL for women), moderate (Hb=8–9.9 g/dL), and severe (Hb<8 g/dL).

Results:

A total of 79 707 adult patients who met study criteria underwent endovascular PVI. The mean age was 68 years, and 59% of patients were male. Anemia was documented in 38 543 patients (48%) and was mild in 27 435 (71%), moderate in 9783 (25%), and severe in 1325 (4%). The median follow-up duration was 4 years (range, 1.25–5.78 years). On univariate analysis, 30 day mortality, total LOS, and overall survival were significantly associated with the level of preoperative anemia. These associations persisted in the multivariate models. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated an association of death with degree of anemia (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

The presence and degree of preoperative anemia were independently associated with increased 30 day mortality and LOS and decreased overall survival for patients with peripheral artery disease who had undergone endovascular PVI.

Clinical Impact:

The findings from this study have many implications for how to approach vascular surgery in patients with variable hemoglobin levels. Our findings will strengthen our ability to conduct accurate preoperative risk stratification for patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. This may also mitigate healthcare expenditures if findings are applied in a way that can lower patient length of postoperative stay while also maintaining quality of care and patient safety. Our results will also serve as guidance for clinical trials, and future prospective trials should evaluate the effect of preoperative optimization of hemoglobin as a potentially modifiable risk factor for outcomes.
The molecular mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and its potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Luo Guangwen , Huang Lili , Zhang Zhaowei
Published: January 2023

Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug in clinics, is relatively safe at therapeutic doses; however, APAP overdose may lead to fatal acute liver injury. Currently, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is clinically used as the main antidote for APAP poisoning, but its therapeutic effect remains limited owing to rapid disease progression and the general diagnosis of advanced poisoning. As is well known, APAP-induced hepatotoxicity (AIH) is mainly caused by the toxic metabolite N-acetyl- p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), and the toxic mechanisms of AIH are complicated. Several cellular processes are involved in the pathogenesis of AIH, including liver metabolism, mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction, sterile inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and microcirculation dysfunction. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction are the major cellular events associated with APAP-induced liver injury. Many biomolecules involved in these biological processes are potential therapeutic targets for AIH. Therefore, there is an urgent need to comprehensively clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying AIH and to explore novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the various cellular events involved in AIH and discusses their potential therapeutic targets, with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of AIH.
Unlearning Discipline: Increasing Opportunities and Addressing Disproportionality in Discipline for Black and Latinx Students
Authors: Dionisio Ronald J. , Gray-Nicolas Nakia M.
Published: January 2023

Schools in the United States continue to be vastly inequitable, particularly in disciplinary practices for Black and Latinx students. This case examines one school’s attempts to alleviate disproportionate disciplinary practices. Teachers are encouraged to interrogate themselves, practices, and policies through equity professional learning to create better outcomes. As the school attempts to unlearn harmful punitive approaches to discipline, facilitators met with resistance from staff members, and inequities remain and even worsen. This case asks readers to consider the challenges leaders face when implementing professional learning to minimize disproportionality in discipline and grow staff capacity for culturally responsive pedagogy and restorative practices.
Preparation of magnetic Co–Fe layered double hydroxides and its adsorption properties for the removal of methyl orange
Authors: Xie Yu-Long , Ye Fa-Ping , Zhao Su-Qin
Published: January 2023

In this study, Co–Fe layered double hydroxides are prepared by a hydrothermal method. The Co–Fe layered double hydroxides are used as an adsorbent for the investigation of the thermodynamic parameters and adsorption kinetics of methyl orange from aqueous solution. The results show that adsorption is affected by adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, and temperature. The characteristics of samples are investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. The adsorption saturation level of Co–Fe layered double hydroxides on methyl orange is studied, with the results showing that the maximum uptake capacity for methyl orange is 10.21 mg g−1 based on Co–Fe layered double hydroxides. The adsorption kinetics of methyl orange is consistent with the Temkin isotherm equation and quasi-secondary kinetic model. Furthermore, separation is easily accomplished under the action of an applied magnetic field. The prepared Co–Fe layered double hydroxides can be applied as an effective adsorbent for decontamination of anionic dyes in industrial effluents.
Legal Issues 101: Students With Disabilities
Authors: Yonkaitis Catherine F. , Crespo Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

This article is the first in a series of “Legal Issues 101” topics addressing some common questions and misconceptions around the law and school health. In this article, the authors address frequently asked questions on topics related to the school nurse’s role and their students’ rights as it relates to the special education process, the individualized education program (IEP), and Section 504 Accommodation plans. Readers are encouraged to expand their knowledge on this multifaceted topic further using the resources and references provided within the article.
Influence of the occurrence and duration of partial remission on short-term metabolic control in type 1 diabetes: the DIABHONEY pediatric study
Authors: Boutsen Laure , Costenoble Elise , Pollé Olivier , Erdem Kezban , Bugli Céline , Lysy Philippe A.
Published: January 2023

Objective:

To evaluate the residual effect of partial remission (PR) on immediate post-PR glycemic control according to its occurrence and duration in a cohort of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Patients and Methods:

Values of glycemic control parameters [i.e. HbA1C, insulin dose–adjusted hemoglobin A1C (IDAA1C), glycemic target–adjusted HbA1C (GTAA1C)] and data from glucose monitoring devices from 189 pediatric patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes were collected retrospectively from 24 months. Patients were characterized according to their remission status (PR+ and PR−). PR+ patients were subdivided into three subgroups regarding PR duration [i.e. short (⩾3–⩽6 months), intermediate (>6–⩽12 months), and long PR (>12–⩽14 months)]. We compared glycemic control data from each PR+ subgroup at +6 and +12 months post-PR with PR− patients at the same postdiagnosis time. Second, PR+ subgroups were compared with each other.

Results:

PR+ patients showed improved glycemic control (i.e. HbA1C, IDAA1C, and GTAA1C) at + 6 months post-PR when compared with nonremitters (PR−), independently of the PR duration subgroups (p < 0.05). Interestingly, patients in long PR+ subgroup exhibited higher positive residual effect than short PR+ subgroup with lower GTAA1C scores (p = 0.02), better time in range (TIR) (p = 0.003), less time in hypoglycemia (10.45 versus 16.13%, p = 0.03) and less glycemic variability (83.1 mg/dl versus 98.84 mg/dl, p = 0.03). No significant differences were found for glucose control between PR+ and PR− patients at +12 months post-PR.

Conclusion:

This study supports the positive impact of PR occurrence and duration on short-term metabolic control (better HbA1C levels, IDAA1C and GTAA1C scores, TIR, and less glycemic variability) with the residual effect increasing according to PR duration.
The Goal Setting Challenge App: Impact on Transition Goal Attainment Outcomes of Students With Disabilities
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Mazzotti Valerie L. , Hicks Tyler A. , Raley Sheida K. , Gerasimova Daria , Pace Jesse R. , Kwiatek Stephen M. , Fredrick Darcy , Stewart-Ginsburg Jared H. , Chapman Richard , Wysenski Danielle
Published: January 2023

Promoting self-determination is essential to effective transition services and supports. The Goal Setting Challenge App (GSC App) was developed to deliver self-determination instruction via technology, building on the evidence-based Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI). This article presents data on goal attainment outcomes for students with disabilities who participated in a small, cluster-randomized controlled trial (C-RCT) of the GSC App during the 2020 to 2021 academic year and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Findings suggest it is highly probable the GSC App enhances student transition goal attainment outcomes after one semester, with students three times more likely to attain their self-identified transition goals in the GSC App than in the business-as-usual condition. The impact of COVID-19 on implementation and sample loss is described, as are implications for research and practice.