bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
5G Remote Control in Failure Situations of Transport Robots in Challenging Hospital Environments
Authors: Hoose Sebastian , Jestel Christian , Finke Jan , Kirks Thomas
Published: June 2023

Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) continue to facilitate the work of physicians and hospital nurses by releasing those professionals from time consuming transport tasks within hospitals. Nonetheless, AMRs still often face challenges when situations occur, which result in a failure of the navigation system. In this paper, we present an analysis and an implementation of a remote-control mechanism using 5G networks to enable an operator to control an AMR, in our example within a hospital, to support an AMR in situations, where an autonomous navigation faced challenges, that cannot be solved autonomously. In detail, four major challenges are faced when implementing a remote control for failure situations – the data connection itself, the sensor data acquisition and compression, the delivery of the current robot state for a user and the controllability of the robot. For autonomous driving, the AMR is equipped with a 128-layered 3D-Lidar sensor. An RGB-D camera facilitates video feedback for the operator to navigate the AMR manually. Additionally, the point cloud of the 3D-lidar provides a detailed in-depth view of the environment, which recognizes present persons or also allows the operator to drive backwards.  To establish a connection between an AMR and a remote operator, a stable and low latency data connection is required. Since the Wi-Fi requirements of hospitals usually do not fit the requirements of remote-controlled robots regarding data security, network coverage, connection latency and bandwidth, the usage of the Wi-Fi network of hospitals is not appropriate.  These challenges can be overcome using 5G cellular network to guarantee a low latency, high bandwidth connection which is independent from the regulations and limitations of the local Wi-Fi network. Nonetheless, by selecting the cellular 5G network as the remote operation network, further challenges arise – e.g. coverage of the 5G network or the stable and secure accessibility of the robot. Since hospital building structures are complex and usually are constructed using reinforced concrete, 5G radio waves are reflected or absorbed. In addition, the bandwidth is limited, since a public cellular connection is used. Due to these limitations, data compression is required for transmitting large chunks of sensor data, such as RGB camera streams or point clouds. The RGB video compression is implemented using the H.264 codec, which again can be accelerated using hardware. The point cloud is compressed through an octree implementation. As a result, the sensor data is transmitted with low latency and less lag. Despite using data compression algorithms, which are not lossless, the quality of the sensor data, received by the operator, is still sufficient for remote control operations. For a safe and controlled remote control of an AMR using the above explained technology stack, a data connection with less to no data transfer loss is required.
Construction of commander's visual model under long-term voyage
Authors: Li Ning
Published: June 2023

Long-term voyage ships have the characteristics of isolation and airtightness, 24-hour continuous duty, and being far away from the coastline. The long-term voyage state will have an impact on the visual ability of the commander, which in turn will have an impact on the cognitive performance in the process of human-computer interaction. As a result, the human-computer interaction tasks that can be completed under normal circumstances may not be completed under long-term voyage state. The existing researches have insufficient description of visual model under long-term voyage status. Therefore, based on the original EMMA visual model, this paper designs a visual parameter collection experiment under the 90-day long-term voyage state, selects 8 subjects for data collection of eye movement preparation time and eye movement saccade speed, constructs a commander's visual model under 90-day long-term voyage and analyses the reasons for the changes in the commander's visual parameters.
Tourist Recommendation Systems: solving mobility in a private vehicle with support for parking
Authors: Tenemaza Maritzol , Laza Roger , Vargas Jonathan , Luján-Mora Sergio
Published: June 2023

At present, tourists have all the facilities to travel, but they face the difficulty of establishing the itineraries of visits and the routes to follow, the reason is the numerous attractions and the complexity of the Metropolitan cities, Gavalas [1] .In previous works by this author, algorithms for the generation of intelligent itineraries have been published. Likewise, surveys carried out with end users have clarified some additional requirements, which were observed as future work. One of them is the requirement to search for parking spaces when the tourist moves by vehicle from the place where he is located. and when you need it.The tourist can move in a city on foot, or can hire a private vehicle and a third option, move through the Metropoli-tano transit network. But, when a user hires a vehicle, they have the question of whether it will be easy to find parking spaces and how to get to each one of them in the city, which is unknown to tourists in itself, in addition to the fact that the search of parking affects the en-vironment, and therefore affects the tourist due to the additional use of fuel and wasted time.In this document, the solution to the problem of finding parking lots from any place where the user is, the routes to get to each one of them, identifying infor-mation about the parking lot, if it is open and if there are spaces available, will be presented. The solution to this problem is of public interest and we differ from other researchers in that we include the option of identifying empty spaces in nearby parking lots, this information is presented in real time, the study is carried out in a specific city.To solve the problem, a tourist recommendation system will be presented that will include a preliminary study of the interests of that user from comments and reactions on tourist images published on the Facebook network, which will be subjected to sentiment analysis, to characterize the interest or not.Once the user's interests are identified, and in order to enrich the itinerary, the best POIs with tourist value in the city, evaluated by other users, are offered in the geographical area where the user is located.The presentation of the routes and itineraries will be done on a two-dimensional map, you can choose routes on foot or by vehicle. In addition, if the user de-cides to stop anywhere, they will have the option to identify parking spaces and how to get to them.Finally, an experiment will be carried out with end users, to measure both the ease of use and the utility of the proposal. As future work, the option of park-ing reservations in real time will be included. Another job that is related is mo-bility through the Metropolitan transportation system in a specific city. [1]Gavalas, D., Kasapakis, V., Konstantopoulos, C., Pantziou, G., Vathis, N., & Zaroliagis, C. (2015). The eCOMPASS multi-modal tourist tour planner. Expert systems with Applica-tions, 42(21), 7303-7316.
Comparative analysis of Air France 447 (2009) and Costa Concordia (2012) using FRAM: how organizational culture influences cockpit/bridge decisions
Authors: Franca Josue , Hollnagel Erik
Published: June 2023

In the night of June 1st, 2009, the Airbus A330 of the Air France Flight AF 447, on the route between Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Paris (France), after a series of events, lost altitude and fell into the Atlantic Ocean, leaving no survivors. Few years after this event, in the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, on January 13th, 2012, a cruise vessel named Costa Concordia struck a rock formation on the sea floor, listing and capsizing the vessel, leaving 32 fatalities and dozens of wounded. Two accidents apart in time and space, in different domains - aviation and maritime - but which have more similarities than differences. In this study, a systematic analysis of these two accidents with the FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) is presented, based on the two official reports issued by the responsible authorities, as well as relevant scientific publications about these events. Applying a Human Factors approach, where work systems are analysed from worker’s perspective, understanding the interactions between organizational, technological, environmental, and individual elements, it was possible to comprehend and identify how the organizational decisions, taken in the executive offices, and company’s culture, resonate till the cockpit/bridge decisions. Particularly in these events, it was perceived that this resonance contributed to the accidents, evidencing the real complexity of the workplaces in the aeronautical and maritime industries, where actions, decisions and relationships reverberate (complexly) throughout the system. In this aspect, it was also noted that the levels of complexity of these two distinct domains, despite being structurally different, require the same adaptive and regenerative responses from work systems and, consequently, from workers, generating the organizational culture of work environments.
Security and privacy for interoperable organizations
Authors: Correia Anacleto , Água Pedro , Frias Armindo , Simões-Marques Mario
Published: June 2023

There are organizations for whom interoperability is crucial for the accomplishment of their mission, such as in the areas of disaster management, security, and defense. However, those organizations also must comply with the constraints and rules for information security and privacy. The ISO 27001 provides a global standard framework to help organizations to protect their information in a systematic way, through the adoption of an information security management system. Furthermore, the ISO 27701, provides specific data privacy controls, allowing the organization to demonstrate effective privacy data management. A challenge organizations face is how to comply with information security and privacy policies and procedures together with the accomplishment of their mission. In this paper, we argue this can be achieved with an Enterprise Architecture (EA) framework. Particularly, the NATO Architecture Framework (NAF) provides a methodology to develop EA artifacts, however it lacks the tools amenable to enforce information security and privacy. In this paper, we propose the integration of ISO 27001 and ISO 27701 in NAF, in order that the EA artifacts delivered by NAF framework, could have embedded the information security and privacy principles by design.
Correlation between Dominant Sensory Mechanisms during Interaction Processes with Virtual Products and Human Interaction Cycles
Authors: Olmos Pineda Lorena , Gil Tejeda Jorge
Published: June 2023

Through the exploration of Human Behavior with the use of networks as well as the Tetrachoric Coefficient (TC), it was sought the relationship between the active Dominant Sensory Mechanisms (DSM) during the interaction processes with 3 Virtual Products in 3 groups of users., and the Human Interaction Cycles (HIC) performed by each user. The DSM of each user was obtained from the number of repetitions of each Sensory Mechanism (SM) registered in each network. Likewise, the HICs were determined based on the attention of the person in a certain factor of the Virtual Product (VP), its breakage was considered the end of the attentional process and the number of breaks of each attentional process was counted like a cycle. The results obtained suggest the existence of a varied dependency in the dichotomy: Dominant Sensory Mechanisms and the cycles of human interaction executed in each Virtual Product. Likewise, the results obtained from the Tetrachoric Coefficient (TC) show a directly proportional relationship between the DSM and the HIC in the first two groups of users. However, the results show an inversely proportional relationship in the third group of users. Likewise, the second and third User Groups were the ones that showed the greatest relationship between the DSM and the HICs. In this sense, the results of the second group of users show that the greater the dominance of DSM, the greater the HIC. In the case of the third group of users, it was shown that the greater the DSM, the lower the HIC.
Trajectory-based Optimization of Safety and Process Efficiency in Human-Robot Collaboration
Authors: Sen Sumona , Juergen Buxbaum Hans
Published: June 2023

The interaction between humans and robots in industrial applications of human-robot collaboration has so far been determined almost exclusively by technically oriented machine programmers and operators. The task allocation and especially the programmed trajectories of the robot are regularly subordinated to technical aspects, mental or cognitive demands of the human are usually not considered. The aim of this research is the investigation and optimization of robot movements considering cognitive and ergonomic aspects. The stress on humans caused by the workstation is to be reduced and the safety in the not harmless collision scenario is to be increased.
An overview of various tasks and trades in the construction industry offering potential for exoskeletons
Authors: Gagnon Geneviève , Sekkay Firdaous , Imbeau Daniel , Bourgault Mario
Published: June 2023

This paper reviewed a Canadian construction firm's health, safety, and environment database. A total of 13 Canadian offices were represented in the database, spanning January 2019 through June 2022. All 4395 entries were categorized based on damage type, injury nature, accident type, and causal agent. A thorough analysis of each event description was conducted to determine whether wearable technologies if they had been available and used, could likely have prevented the accident. This paper identifies the various tasks and trades in the construction industry which offer the potential for using wearable technologies, more specifically exoskeletons. It discusses the types of accidents that could possibly be prevented by using innovative exoskeletons. Based on the findings, this study also lists criteria that exoskeletons should meet to be beneficial to construction workers' health.
Evaluation of dynamic thermal comfort of virtual reality headsets in motion
Authors: Wang Yujing , Li Chongfeng , Wang Jiawang , Hou Yufei , Wang Yun , Wang Xin
Published: June 2023

Virtual reality (VR) headset has been increasingly applied in various activities with longer wearing time, such as gaming or training. Users no longer stay in a static state but are more likely to perform a series of body movements. This paper focuses on the dynamic thermal comfort of head mounted displays (HMDs) to explore the VR experience in state of motion. Eight participants wore three types of HMDs to conduct thermal comfort tests while doing light exercises. Thermal comfort was quantified by subjective rating and miniature data logger measurement. The results showed that wearing HMDs in motion caused more subjective thermal discomfort than in rest. Low airtightness of HMDs led to a lower increase in temperature and humidity inside the device in motion, yet it would also reduce the immersiveness of the VR experience due to light leakage. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the subjective discomfort level of the three types of devices. In order to improve the overall user experience, the development of HMDs should consider design tradeoffs in terms of materials, shape, finishing etc., maximizing user comfort while ensuring optimal audiovisual display effect.
Augmenting VR/XR experiences using directional vibrotactile feedback and temperature variation using wearable devices
Authors: Farooq Ahmed , Rantala Jussi , Li Zhenxing , Raisamo Roope
Published: June 2023

As virtual and mixed reality hardware systems become more mainstream, users are spending substantial amounts of time in simulated environments. Unlike the transition from desktop to mobile devices, VR/XR utilizes 360 wrap-around space which can be challenging to master even for experienced users. Tasks and tools commonly utilized in 2D environments within mobile and personal computing devices may not always be intuitive for VR space. For that reason, it is important to study and evaluate which common graphical user interface (GUI) techniques can be extended to VR/XR and how the efficiency of common 2D tools need to be improved within a 360-degree space. In this study authors explore six commonly used GUI tools and evaluate them in a VR environment. The research looks at how participants deconstruct 360-degree GUI tasks by identifying the location of the controls, navigating through the VR space to the relevant area and finally adjusting the GUI controls as instructed. The study looks at augmenting the interaction by providing vibrotactile navigation cues along with kinaesthetic and temperature-based feedback to complete the GUI tasks. Comparing to conventional visual only techniques that are currently being used in VR environments, vibrotactile, kinaesthetic and temperature feedback provided faster task completion times and more pleasant user experience. Participants also rated the additional feedback channels as more informative and less distracting within the virtual environment. Overall results show that participants preferred the novel use of haptic feedback for most of the GUI controls assessed within the study. Moreover, results also show that some more complex GUI controls (i.e., dial, menus, and lists) may not be best suited for VR 360-degree interaction, using visual only information channels, especially with non-robust inside-out hand tracking techniques. Additional research is needed to validate these results across different VR/XR hardware and simulated environments, however, current results point towards utilizing multi-modal and multi-technology interaction tools to create more immersive and intuitive 360 virtual spaces across a wide range of VR/XR devices.
An Emotional Bio-wearable
Authors: Asayesh Parisa
Published: June 2023

Touch is a powerful emotional communication tool that can reduce the stress hormone cortisol and triggers the release of oxytocin. The emotional influence of touch is rooted in human biology. Separation and losing loved ones’ touch are associated with emotional distress and impact people's mental health and daily productivity.During the pandemic, we all experienced separation from loved ones as emotionally draining. People are separated from their loved ones for a variety of reasons, such as pursuing education, a new job, getting married, or relocating. There are a few coping solutions, such as making video calls with loved ones or keeping their photos around us, reminding us of their presence. But those visual cues may not be enough for tactile individuals. This research demonstrates that people who define touch as their love language tend to keep their loved one's belongings. Touching our keepsakes is a coping strategy to enhance our feelings of connection to our loved ones. However, not all sentimental items are always carriable or available to support us when we need them emotionally. The Emotional Bio-wearable represents the integration of biology and technology, creating a meaningful wearable keepsake for those who benefit from a tactile, emotional sensation. In addition, this project developed a combination of parametric modeling, interface design, and software development to create an intuitive and interactive application.The Emotional Bio-wearable has two parts. The first part is an iOS application program, which receives data such as a heartbeat (a symbol of life) and user’s responses to questions to determine the user’s preferred style. The application generates designs and customizes the output based on the inputs. The second delivery part is the physical bio-bracelet covered with a meaningful texture, heartbeat and printed with a 3D printer. This project is an exploration of the impact of tactility, focusing on those who identify ‘touch’ as their love language. An Emotional Bio-wearable provides a new way of connecting to love ones and boosts the consumer’s mental health.
Experimental Data Management for the Panel Joints of the Naval Emergency Shuttle
Authors: Gabriela Ene Alexandra , Jomir Mihaela , Jomir Constantin , Mihai Carmen , Mihai Radu Sorin
Published: June 2023

In marine transport, the risks leading to disasters are associated to the sea and its hazards; in particular, being related both to the state of the ship, competency of the crew members and to the transport of hazardous chemical products or nuclear wastes. Seen from another point of view, spilled oil represents an extremely precious raw material resource, which, through efficient processing, can be reintroduced into the economic value chain. For this purpose, oil fractions can be collected by various means and transported from the spill site to the areas specially designed for the reprocessing treatments application. The naval emergency shuttle (NES) is a floating, collapsible and towable unit fabricated from textile-reinforced composite material that is used for vertical temporary storage and horizontal transport of water – petroleum hydrocarbon (crude oil) compound recovered after various disasters occurred in the brackish sea habitat. The new developed NES innovative solution involves advanced materials based on composite structures with textile matrix covered with hypalon for construction of the main shuttle module architecture and with PVC for the two floating elements achievement. Advanced techniques (for joining the panels) and certified methods (for threads and composite materials experimentation) have been used in order to evaluate the mechanical, chemical, structural characteristics for: threads (100%PA6.6 – 600dtex x 3 and 300dtex x 3; 100%PES 250 x 3 dtex), the composite materials (matrix covered with neoprene, PVC and hypalon) and the types of joints that will be used in its construction. The composite materials were joined using different techniques and seams (301-LSa-1, 301-SSd2-4, 301-SSa-1, etc.) and were tested to assess the maximum strength and elongation at maximum force and tear strength (wing shaped composite material specimen). The management of the obtained data collection consisting of: resistance to breaking, loop and knot - for 3 types of thread used to join the panels; strength, elongation at break and tear force for 3 type-dimensions of specimens (trouser, wing and tongue shaped composite material specimens. During the experimental trials the performed statistical analyses evidenced that the statistical populations are homogeneous (coefficient of variability is max. 13%, for the joint composite material), so the parametric tests can be applied, the identified higher values (compared with averages) of the outliers do not have a negative impact and will not influence the behavior of the NES in real conditions (open sea with possible 4 – 6 Beaufort degree). The conclusions obtained as a result of the statistical analysis enabled the establishment of value ranges for the technical-operational characteristics of the NES, respectively: storage capacity: 5 m3 -500 m3; maximum navigation speed: 3 knots; length: 17.7 – 25m, width: 4.1 – 5 m; breaking strength: min. 500 daN; tearing force: min. 800 N.
Characterization Studies of A Commercial Blue Clay For Cosmetic Textiles With Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Gabriela Ene Alexandra , Secareanu Lucia , Iordache Ovidiu , Blaga Mirela , Lite Cristina
Published: June 2023

Since the beginning of the present century, tests have shown that some types of clay can present antibacterial activity. In addition, the clay considered for pharmaceutical and cosmetic products have been found to be non-toxic and non-irritating materials, therefore, the use of these types of clay for cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes has increased in recent years. The above being said, different types of clay have been used over time due to their antibacterial properties, but the analytical methods for their characterization are just beginning to develop. This article is part of a study having as main objective the development of multifunctional antimicrobial textile materials to prevent fungal and bacterial proliferation, thus creating an antimicrobial shield for the human body, especially for blemish-prone skin. In this paperwork, a commercial blue clay was characterized through modern techniques. One of these techniques is X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Coupling SEM with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray detector (EDX), complete information of the morphology and elemental composition of the clay powder can be obtained. Additionally, a microbiological characterization was also performed in order to assess the anti fungal properties. Thus, the obtained results provided an overview of the main features of the selected blue clay. Further studies will be directed to the development of different types of clay-based dispersion and also for the characterization of different types of textile materials, in order to choose a "clay-textile" pair with improved antimicrobial activity.
Artistic Characteristics and Multi-value of Huayao Cross-stitch from the Perspective of Cultural Ecology
Authors: Chen Junchun , Peng Jian
Published: June 2023

Huayao cross-stitch is a traditional handicraft with distinctive regional characteristics in China. Aesthetically appealing with rich cultural implications, Huayao cross-stitch has been listed in the first national list of intangible cultural heritage of China since 2006. With the rapid development of cultural consumption globally, the innovative design and industrial transformation potential have made traditional handicrafts highly-valued resources, and the analysis of cultural representation and multi-value of traditional handicrafts is the basis of cultural reuse. From the perspective of cultural ecology, the current study aims to summarize the spatial organization mode of Huayao cross-stitch patterns and conduct a deep analysis of the concepts and beliefs represented in Huayao cross-stitch by examining 70 samples of cross-stitch skirt pieces collected from the composition and semantics of patterns. The study then analyzes the basis of multi-value of the Huayao cross-stitch from both aesthetic and cultural dimensions, providing a research basis for the innovation and regeneration of Huayao’s cross-stitch, through which its value can be seen in contemporary times as well as in the future.
A new conversational interaction concept for document creation and editing on mobile devices for visually impaired users
Authors: Darvishy Alireza , Heeb Zeno , Beljulji Edin , Hutter Hans-Peter
Published: June 2023

This paper describes the ongoing development of a conversational interaction concept that allows visually impaired users to easily create and edit text documents on mobile devices using mainly voice input. In order to verify the concept, a prototype app was developed and tested for both iOS and Android systems, based on the natural-language understanding (NLU) platform Google Dialogflow. The app and interaction concept were repeatedly tested by users with and without visual impairments. Based on their feedback, the concept was continuously refined, adapted and improved on both mobile platforms. In an iterative user-centred design approach, the following research questions were investigated: Can a visually impaired user rely mainly on speech commands to efficiently create and edit a document on mobile devices? User testing found that an interaction concept based on conversational speech commands was easy and intuitive for visually impaired users. However, it was also found that relying on speech commands alone created its own obstacles, and that a combination of gestures and voice interaction would be more robust. Future research and more extensive useability tests should be carried out among visually impaired users in order to optimize the interaction concept.
Design, Human Factors and Neuroergonomics for safety in manufacturing
Authors: Lombardi Ilaria , Fernando Muñoz Martínez Victor , Paolo Senese Vincenzo , Capece Sonia
Published: June 2023

Occupational safety research has been directed toward defining the areas of most significant concern in identifying specific areas of psychosocial risk. Modern workplaces need to address the complex relationship between work, technology, health, and well-being. The Operator 4.0 must retain a high level of attention, reactivity, and accuracy while interacting physically with machines and robots that do intellectual activities.Proper design of work activities and workstations must consider the cognitive load and anthropometry of the worker by involving the worker in the risk assessment to improve occupational safety through neuro-ergonomics approaches and measuring neural signatures of performance with various neuroimaging techniques, including functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG). Based on international standards and literature research on the main databases, the analysis and characterization of interaction performance parameters is carried out by bringing together the principles of neuroergonomics, User Centred Design and New Human Factors including performance shaping factors (PSF). Specifically, the research work compares a collection of studies focusing on technologies for sensing brain parameters through neuroimaging in a laboratory setting to provide the tools to structure a reliable, adaptable, and easily replicable testing protocol through a multidisciplinary approach. It’s necessary to develop guidelines for the neuro-ergonomic design of human-machine-robot interaction in Industry 4.0 environments to improve operator safety and health by defining good practices.
Usability of Documentation Software Used by Direct Support Providers: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: A. Clarke Martina , L Neitzke Lisa , M Cooper Kathryn
Published: June 2023

Direct support professionals (DSPs) face high levels of stress and burnout while providing care for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DDs). This paper examines the usability challenges associated with documentation software used by DSPs. A proof-of-concept study surveyed six DSPs to assess the subjective usability of the software using the Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of use (USE) Questionnaire. Results showed that DSPs rated the software neutrally or negatively across dimensions of Usefulness (mean = 4.12; SD = 2.66), Ease of use (mean = 3.65; SD = 2.17), Learnability (mean = 3.46; SD = 2.52), and Satisfaction (mean = 2.75; SD = 1.50). Addressing usability issues is crucial to improve DSPs' well-being and the quality of care provided to individuals with I/DD. User-centered design principles and usability testing are necessary to improve health information technology (HIT) systems, reduce cognitive load, streamline workflows, and increase user satisfaction. By recognizing the significance of HIT usability and its impact on burnout, organizations can prioritize the design and implementation of systems that support DSPs. Future research include larger sample size and qualitative data collection to gather user feedback to create intuitive and effective documentation software to better support DSPs.
Design Strategies in Hybrid Infrastructure - The Case of China
Authors: Chen Yue , Xiao Mingyan , Huang Huaming
Published: June 2023

As an essential part of urban development, infrastructure construction provides essential material support for both urban construction and public life. However, the rapid industrialization has led to a large number of current single infrastructure construction with low benefits in environmental and social aspects. As a new direction of infrastructure construction, hybrid infrastructure can effectively solve the drawbacks of current infrastructure construction. However, the current research on hybrid infrastructure is mostly focused on the engineering technology of infrastructure, and there is a lack of research on the spatial design of hybrid infrastructure. Therefore, based on the concept of hybrid infrastructure, this study mainly analyzes the case of hybrid infrastructure in China, and combines questionnaire research and literature review to explore the design strategies of hybrid infrastructure composite infrastructure functions and non-infrastructure functions from it. It is concluded that seven design strategies related to composite infrastructure functions and non-infrastructure functions are derived. And the case study of urban infrastructure construction in Guangzhou, China was used to practice the design of hybrid infrastructure, and the site research and questionnaire survey were conducted to design the case study of hybrid infrastructure construction for the target infrastructure. This can confirm that non-infrastructure functions can be achieved by implementing design principles for traffic flow and functional layout while maintaining the functionality of the infrastructure. We can find that all these design strategies aim to achieve the same goal, which is to reshape the public space attributes of the hybrid infrastructure and increase public participation. This also demonstrates the high quality spatial construction of hybrid infrastructure with higher urban benefits. Therefore, in the context of sustainable urban development, we still need to continue to explore the design and application of hybrid infrastructure, and provide some implications for other aspects of sustainable urban design. In this way, we can provide effective experience and assistance to other infrastructures in the city, and effectively contribute to the support of healthier and more sustainable urban development plans under the theme of global environmental protection.
Multi-Source Information Fusion network for building occupancy estimation
Authors: Kailai Sun , Zhao Qianchuan , Wang Xinwei , Xing Tian , Yang Zhou
Published: June 2023

The human dimension information is crucial for efficient building energy saving, comfort conditions, health and productivity, and security management. Existing vision-based building indoor occupancy measurement approaches have achieved remarkable progress, but struggle to achieve high and robust accuracy because of the complex indoor environments. Vision-based methods face many challenges, including background objects and diverse scales, which bring practical problems to indoor applications.In this paper, to address these issues, we propose a Multi-Source Information Fusion network in video head detection for estimating building occupancy. Our method utilizes cameras to capture surveillance videos and analyzes them through a deep neural network. We use the multi-source feature to effectively guide the single-frame detector to propose robust head boxes. We apply a multi-source fusion network to extract features. Besides, we extend head detection datasets with multi-source information, including optical flow maps, Depth maps, frame difference maps, etc. Our method achieves superior performance through ablation studies compared to existing methods on practical building surveillance videos. Experiments validate its potential for building energy saving and comfort improvement with a high occupancy estimation accuracy.
Modeling the effects of different honeypot proportions in a deception-based security game
Authors: Katakwar Harsh , Aggarwal Palvi , Dutt Varun
Published: June 2023

Cyber-attacks, an intentional effort to steal information or interrupt the network, are growing dramatically. It is of great importance to understand how an adversary’s behavior might impact the detection of threats. Prior research in adversarial cybersecurity has investigated the effect of different honeypot variations on adversarial decisions in a deception-based game experimentally. However, it is unknown how different honeypot variation affects adversarial decisions using cognitive models. The primary objective of this research is to develop the cognitive model using Instance-based learning theory (IBLT) to make predictions for decisions for networks with different honeypot proportions. The experimental study involved the use of a deception game (DG): small, medium, and large. The DG is defined as DG (n, k, γ), where n is the number of servers, k is the number of honeypots, and γ is the number of probes that the opponent makes before attacking the network. The DG had three between-subject conditions, which denoted three different honeypot proportions. Human data in the experimental study was collected by recruiting 60 participants who were randomly assigned one of the three between-subject conditions of the deception game (N = 20 per condition). The results revealed with an increase in the proportion of honeypots, the honeypot and no-attack actions increased significantly. Next, we built two Instance-based Learning (IBL) models, an IBL model with calibrated parameters (IBL-calibrated) and an IBL model with ACT-R parameters (IBL-ACT-R), to account for human decisions in conditions involving different honeypot proportions in a deception-based security game. It was found that both IBL-calibrated and IBL-ACT-R models were able to account for human behavior across different experimental conditions. In addition, results revealed a greater reliance on the recent and frequent occurrence of events among the human participants. We highlight the key importance of our research for the field of cognitive modelling.
An Interactive Learning Framework for Item Ownership Relationship in Service Robots
Authors: Hu Yuanda , Ge Yate , Yang Tianyue , Sun Xiaohua
Published: June 2023

Autonomous agents, including service robots, require adherence to moral values, legal regulations, and social norms to interact effectively with humans. A vital aspect of this is the acquisition of ownership relationships between humans and their carrying items, which leads to practical benefits and a deeper understanding of human social norms. The proposed framework enables the robots to learn item ownership relationships autonomously or through user interaction. The autonomous learning component is based on Human-Object Interaction (HOI) detection, through which the robot acquires knowledge of item ownership by recognizing correlations between human-object interactions. The interactive learning component allows for natural interaction between users and the robot, enabling users to demonstrate item ownership by presenting items to the robot. The learning process has been divided into four stages to address the challenges posed by changing item ownership in real-world scenarios. While many aspects of ownership relationship learning remain unexplored, this research aims to explore and design general approaches to item ownership learning in service robots concerning their applicability and robustness. In future work, we will evaluate the performance of the proposed framework through a case study.
Human-agent teaming between soldiers and unmanned ground systems in a resupply scenario
Authors: De Cubber Geert , Le Flécher Emile , La Grappe - Dominicus Alexandre , Doroftei Daniela
Published: June 2023

Thanks to advances in embedded computing and robotics, intelligent Unmanned Ground Systems (UGS) are used more and more in our daily lives. Also in the military domain, the use of UGS is highly investigated for applications like force protection of military installations, surveillance, target acquisition, reconnaissance, handling of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) threats, explosive ordnance disposal, etc. A pivotal research aspect for the integration of these military UGS in the standard operating procedures is the question of how to achieve a seamless collaboration between human and robotic agents in such high-stress and non-structured environments. Indeed, in these kind of operations, it is critical that the human-agent mutual understanding is flawless; hence, the focus on human factors and ergonomic design of the control interfaces.The objective of this paper is to focus on one key military application of UGS, more specifically logistics, and elaborate how efficient human-machine teaming can be achieved in such a scenario. While getting much less attention than other application areas, the domain of logistics is in fact one of the most important for any military operation, as it is an application area that is very well suited for robotic systems. Indeed, military troops are very often burdened by having to haul heavy gear across large distances, which is a problem UGS can solve.The significance of this paper is that it is based on more than two years of field research work on human + multi-agent UGS collaboration in realistic military operating conditions, performed within the scope of the European project iMUGS. In the framework of this project, not less than six large-scale field trial campaigns were organized across Europe. In each field trial campaign, soldiers and UGS had to work together to achieve a set of high-level mission goals that were distributed among them via a planning & scheduling mechanism. This paper will focus on the outcomes of the Belgian field trial, which concentrated on a resupply logistics mission.Within this paper, a description of the iMUGS test setup and operational scenarios is provided. The ergonomic design of the tactical planning system is elaborated, together with the high-level swarming and task scheduling methods that divide the work between robotic and human agents in the fieldThe resupply mission, as described in this paper, was executed in summer 2022 in Belgium by a mixed team of soldiers and UGS for an audience of around 200 people from defence actors from European member states. The results of this field trial were evaluated as highly positive, as all high-level requirements were obtained by the robotic fleet.
Decision Transparency for enhanced human-machine collaboration for autonomous ships
Authors: Madsen Andreas , Brandsæter Andreas , V Aarset Magne
Published: June 2023

Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) are quickly emerging as a game-changing technology in various parts of the world. They can be used for a wide range of applications, including cargo transportation, oceanographic research and military operations. One of the main challenges associated with MASS is the need to build trust and confidence in the systems among end-users. While the use of AI and algorithms can lead to more efficient and effective decision-making, humans are often reticent to rely on systems that they do not fully understand. The lack of transparency and interpretability makes it very difficult for the human operator to know when an intervention is appropriate. This is why it is crucial that the decision-making process of MASS is transparent and easily interpretable for human operators and supervisors. In the emerging field of eXplainable AI (XAI), various techniques are developed and designed to help explain the predictions and decisions made by the AI system. How useful these techniques are in a real-world MASS operation is, however, currently an open question. This calls for research with a holistic approach that takes into account not only the technical aspects of MASS, but also the human factors that are involved in their operation. To address this challenge, this study employs a simulator-based approach were navigators test a mock-up system in a full mission navigation simulator. Enhanced decision support was presented on an Electronic Chart Display & Information System (ECDIS) together with information of the approaching ships as AIS (Automatic Identification System) symbols. The decision support provided by the system was a suggested sailing route with waypoints to either make a manoeuvre to avoid collision, or to maintain course and speed according to the Convention of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG). After completing the scenarios, the navigators were asked about the system's trustworthiness and interpretability. Further, we explored the needs for transparency and explainability. In addition, the navigators gave suggestions on how to improve the decision support based on the mentioned traits. The findings from the assessment can be used to develop a strategic plan for AI decision transparency. Such a plan would help building trust in MASS systems and improve human-machine collaboration in the maritime industry.
Autonomous human-machine teams: Data dependency and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Lawless William
Published: June 2023

The reliance on concepts derived from observations in laboratories combined with the assumption that concepts and behavior are one-to-one (monism) have impeded the development of social science, machine learning (ML) and belief logics by restricting them to operate in controlled and stable contexts. Even in open contexts, using ideas developed in laboratories, despite using well-trained observers to make predictions about the likelihood of outcomes in open contexts, using the same concepts and assumptions, in 2016, Tetlock and Gardner's "superforecasters" failed to predict Brexit (Britain’s exit from the European Union) or Trump’s presidency. Similarly, in 2022, using traditional techniques, the CIA's expert observers and the Russian military planners both mis-judged the Ukranian people by claiming that Russia's army would easily defeat Ukraine. Providing support for overturning these concepts and assumptions, however, in 2021, the National Academy of Sciences made two claims with which we fully support. First, the Academy had warned that controlled contexts are insufficient to produce operational autonomous systems. We agree; by studying real-world contexts, we have concluded that the data derived from states of social interdependence not only create data dependency, but also that interdependence is the missing ingredient necessary for autonomy. Second, a team’s data dependency increases by reducing its internal degrees of freedom, thereby reducing its structural entropy production; this situation of heightened interdependence explains the Academy's second claim that the “performance of a team is not decomposable to, or an aggregation of, individual performances,” consequently providing corrobration for our new discipline of data dependency. We extend the Academy’s claims by asserting that the reduction of entropy production in a team’s structure (SEP), indicating the fittedness among team members, represents a tradeoff with a team’s performance, reflected by a team’s achievement of maximum entropy production (MEP).