bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achievability of radiological equivalence associated with closed nuclear fuel cycle with fast reactors: impact of uncertainty factors in scenarios of Russian nuclear power development through to 2100. Part 2. Migration of radionuclides
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Ivanov V.K. , Lopatkin A.V. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Spirin E.V. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Solomatin V.M. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Menyajlo A.N. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Chekin S.Yu. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Lovachev S.S. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC)
Published: October 2021

The potential health risk of future generations of people from radioactive waste (RW) disposed in deep repository is estimated for three scenarios for the development of nuclear power in Russia. There is currently a zone of uncertainty when making decisions about future power generation technologies. For this zone of uncertainty, the following three scenarios are considered: 1) appli-cation of fast neutron reactors, FR, only; 2) application of thermal neutron reactors, TR; and 3) ap-plication of FR and TR in combination. Long-lived RW from FR is assessed to be ten times less toxic than RW from TR. After reprocessing of the wastes to extract 90% of uranium and plutonium for incineration and americium for transmutation in FR, the toxicity of RW is again reduced by 10 times. Committed effective doses and lifetime attributable risk (LAR) to the public are estimated with account of radionuclides migration from the deep storage to the surface. Due to the RW re-processing the time to the achievement of radiation equivalence of RW stored in the repository and natural uranium ore is reduced to an acceptable time, at which the integrity of RW packages is guaranteed. From the standpoint of modern standards of radiological protection and minimiza-tion the potential carcinogenic effects of radiation exposure on the population, priority in the de-velopment of nuclear energy in Russia should be given to the first scenario of the development of nuclear power, in which FR are used as much as possible to generate electricity. This conclusion should be taken into consideration in adjusting the Strategic plan for the development of nuclear power in Russia.
The possibility of using low-energy (below 300 keV) electron accelerators in the agro-industrial complex (a review)
Authors:   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kharlamov V.A. , Tkhorik O.V. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Pomyasova M.G. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology
Published: October 2021

An important place in the system of measures to ensure the phytosanitary safety of agricultural produce is traditionally given to chemicals. However, due to negative effects of the chemicals on the environment, new more effective and safe technologies were needed. Feasibility of the use of radiation technologies to improve food safety and agricultural quality has been studied for more than 75 years. Recently radiation-based technologies have become increasingly important in agricultural produce processing to preserve food spoilage during storage. Currently the use of electron beams with energy below 300 keV generated by electron accelerators is increasingly grown in agriculture. The key feature of electron beams is their ability to produce disinfectant ef-fect on irradiated object due to low electrons permeability. It prevents the characteristic radiation-chemical reactions and damage to the structure in the internal volume of the biological specie Such objects are seeds of agricultural plants susceptible to infectious diseases caused by phyto-pathogens. The study aims at the evaluation of the possibility to use low-energy (below 300 keV) electron accelerators in the agro-industrial complex. The paper describes the device and the principle of operation of the state-of-the-art low-energy electron accelerators, as well as their ap-plication in the agricultural sector. The paper considers the effects of low-energy electron irradia-tion of agricultural products on seed phytopathogens and pests. From the analysis of feasibility of use of the low-energy electron accelerators for radiation-induced disinfection and disinsection it becomes evident that irradiation of the crop with low-energy electrons is effective approach to minimize adverse effects of phytopathogens and to prevent destruction of irradiated biological objects. Electron-beam irradiation minimally effects on the nutritional quality of food products.
A Virtual Smash Room for Venting Frustration or Just Having Fun: Participatory Design of Virtual Environments in Digitally Reinforced Cancer Rehabilitation
Authors: Persson Johanna , Clifford Douglas , Wallergård Mattias , Sandén Ulrika
Published: October 2021

Background

Cancer rehabilitation is central for helping patients and relatives create a functional everyday life based on the changes in life conditions. The needs are highly individual and include physical, mental, and social challenges. Cancer rehabilitation programs offer coping strategies, including guidelines on how to handle emotions.

Objective

This paper presents a participatory design activity where patients in cancer rehabilitation use a virtual smash room, which is a virtual environment where the user can break things, mainly porcelain or glass items such as vases or plates. The objective is to understand attitudes to, and some effects of, using this application, as well as eliciting ideas of other virtual environments that would be desired.

Methods

The virtual environment presented here, the virtual smash room, was designed at the request of a patient with cancer who wanted a tool for venting frustration. In this virtual environment, the user can break porcelain, vases, and plates. Patients participating in a week-long cancer rehabilitation program tested the virtual smash room and reported their experiences through a questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised three sections: (1) a subset of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), (2) a subset of the Virtual Reality Symptoms Questionnaire (VRSQ), and (3) a free-text response section.

Results

A total of 101 responses were gathered. The results from the IMI questions showed that the participants found the virtual experience enjoyable (mean 4.52, maximum 5, SD 0.73), and it helped them retain their focus (mean 4.44, maximum 5, SD 0.74). The VRSQ revealed that there were only minor symptoms related to general discomfort (5.9%, n=6), fatigue (5.9%, n=6), nausea (3.0%, n=3), and tired eyes (8.9%, n=9), while several participants experienced dizziness (22.8%, n=23). Since only postmeasurements were gathered, nothing could be concluded about the prevalence of these symptoms before testing. The free-text responses indicated that the user group had many ideas for other virtual environments to use in cancer rehabilitation.

Conclusions

This study presents a concept of using virtual reality in the cancer rehabilitation process and exemplifies activities of patient participation in the design process. Virtual reality has potential in being both distracting and enjoyable, while certain aspects of cybersickness might be especially important to consider for a user group already experiencing physical and mental issues. The results will act as input in the process of further designing virtual applications in digitally reinforced cancer rehabilitation.
Re-examining COVID-19 Self-Reported Symptom Tracking Programs in the United States: Updated Framework Synthesis
Authors: Janvrin Miranda Lynn , Korona-Bailey Jessica , Koehlmoos Tracey Pérez
Published: October 2021

Background

Early in the pandemic, in 2020, Koehlmoos et al completed a framework synthesis of currently available self-reported symptom tracking programs for COVID-19. This framework described relevant programs, partners and affiliates, funding, responses, platform, and intended audience, among other considerations.

Objective

This study seeks to update the existing framework with the aim of identifying developments in the landscape and highlighting how programs have adapted to changes in pandemic response.

Methods

Our team developed a framework to collate information on current COVID-19 self-reported symptom tracking programs using the “best-fit” framework synthesis approach. All programs from the previous study were included to document changes. New programs were discovered using a Google search for target keywords. The time frame for the search for programs ranged from March 1, 2021, to May 6, 2021.

Results

We screened 33 programs, of which 8 were included in our final framework synthesis. We identified multiple common data elements, including demographic information such as race, age, gender, and affiliation (all were associated with universities, medical schools, or schools of public health). Dissimilarities included questions regarding vaccination status, vaccine hesitancy, adherence to social distancing, COVID-19 testing, and mental health.

Conclusions

At this time, the future of self-reported symptom tracking for COVID-19 is unclear. Some sources have speculated that COVID-19 may become a yearly occurrence much like the flu, and if so, the data that these programs generate is still valuable. However, it is unclear whether the public will maintain the same level of interest in reporting their symptoms on a regular basis if the prevalence of COVID-19 becomes more common.
Development of a Mobile Health Application for HIV Prevention Among At-Risk Populations in Urban Settings in East Africa: A Participatory Design Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Mauka Wilhellmuss , Mbotwa Christopher , Moen Kåre , Lichtwarck Hanne Ochieng , Haaland Inga , Kazaura Method , Leyna Germana H , Leshabari Melkizedeck T , Mmbaga Elia J
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

There is limited evidence in Africa on the design and development of mobile health (mHealth) applications to guide best practices and ensure effectiveness. A pragmatic trial for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis roll-out among key populations in Tanzania is needed.

OBJECTIVE

We present the results of the development of a mobile app (Jichunge) intended to promote adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) in Tanzania.

METHODS

A participatory design approach was employed and guided by the information system research framework. MSM and FSW were the target populations. A total of 15 MSM and 15 FSW were engaged in the relevance and design cycles, while the piloting phase included 10 MSM and 20 FSW.

RESULTS

The relevance cycle enabled the description of the existing problem, provided the compatible app features for the target population, and identified the need to develop an mHealth app that provides health services in a stigmatizing and discriminating environment. User involvement in the app’s design and evaluation provided an opportunity to incorporate social, cultural, and community-specific features that ensured usability. In addition, the participants suggested valuable information to inform the app, text message services, medication registration, and chat platform designs.

CONCLUSIONS

The participatory design approach in the development of mHealth apps is useful in identifying and validating population-specific functional features, improve usability, and ensuring future health impacts. Through this participatory process, the Jichunge app took end-user needs, perspectives, and experiences into account, eliciting enthusiasm regarding its potential role in supporting pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence for HIV and related behavioral change promotion.

CLINICALTRIAL

International Clinical Trials Registry Platform PACTR202003823226570; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=PACTR202003823226570
Secondhand Smoke Exposure of Expectant Mothers in China: Factoring in the Role of Culture in Data Collection (Preprint)
Authors: Su Zhaohui , McDonnell Dean , Abbas Jaffar , Shi Lili , Cai Yuyang , Yang Ling
Published: October 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Tobacco smoking, including secondhand smoking, causes cancer and is responsible for over 22% of global cancer deaths. The adverse impacts of secondhand smoke are more pronounced for expectant mothers, and can deteriorate both mothers’ and infants’ health and well-being. Research suggests that secondhand smoke significantly increases expectant mothers’ risk of miscarriage, cancer, and other chronic disease conditions, and exposes their unborn babies to an increased likelihood of having life-long poor health. In China, a pregnant woman’s family members, such as her husband, parents, or in-laws, are the most likely people to be smoking around her. Due to traditional Chinese cultural practices, even though some expectant mothers understand the harm of secondhand smoke, they may be reluctant to report their family members’ smoking behaviors. Resulting in severe underreporting, this compromises health experts’ ability to understand the severity of the issue. This paper proposes a novel approach to measure secondhand smoke exposure of pregnant women in the Chinese context. The proposed system could act as a stepping stone that inspires creative methods to help researchers more accurately measure secondhand smoking rates of expectant mothers in China. This, in turn, could help health experts better establish cancer control measures for expectant mothers and decrease their cancer risk.
Use of Commercially Produced Medical Education Videos in a Cardiovascular Curriculum: Multiple Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Tackett Sean , Green David , Dyal Michael , O'Keefe Erin , Thomas Tanya Emmanuelle , Nguyen Tiffany , Vo Duyen , Patel Mausam , Murdock Christopher J , Wolfe Erin M , Shehadeh Lina A
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Short instructional videos can make learning more efficient through the application of multimedia principles, and video animations can illustrate the complex concepts and dynamic processes that are common in health sciences education. Commercially produced videos are commonly used by medical students but are rarely integrated into curricula.

OBJECTIVE

Our goal was to examine student engagement with medical education videos incorporated into a preclinical Cardiovascular Systems course.

METHODS

Students who took the first-year 8-week Cardiovascular Systems course in 2019 and 2020 were included in the study. Videos from Osmosis were recommended to be watched before live sessions throughout the course. Video use was monitored through dashboards, and course credit was given for watching videos. All students were emailed electronic surveys after the final exam asking about the course’s blended learning experience and use of videos. Osmosis usage data for number of video views, multiple choice questions, and flashcards were extracted from Osmosis dashboards.

RESULTS

Overall, 232/359 (64.6%) students completed surveys, with rates by class of 81/154 (52.6%) for MD Class of 2022, 39/50 (78%) for MD/MPH Class of 2022, and 112/155 (72.3%) for MD Class of 2023. Osmosis dashboard data were available for all 359 students. All students received the full credit offered for Osmosis engagement, and learning analytics demonstrated regular usage of videos and other digital platform features. Survey responses indicated that most students found Osmosis videos to be helpful for learning (204/232, 87.9%; P=.001) and preferred Osmosis videos to the traditional lecture format (134/232, 57.8%; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Commercial medical education videos may enhance curriculum with low faculty effort and improve students’ learning experiences. Findings from our experience at one medical school can guide the effective use of supplemental digital resources for learning, and related evaluation and research.
A Virtual Smash Room for Venting Frustration or Just Having Fun: Participatory Design of Virtual Environments in Digitally Reinforced Cancer Rehabilitation (Preprint)
Authors: Persson Johanna , Clifford Douglas , Wallergård Mattias , Sandén Ulrika
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Cancer rehabilitation is central for helping patients and relatives create a functional everyday life based on the changes in life conditions. The needs are highly individual and include physical, mental, and social challenges. Cancer rehabilitation programs offer coping strategies, including guidelines on how to handle emotions.

OBJECTIVE

This paper presents a participatory design activity where patients in cancer rehabilitation use a virtual smash room, which is a virtual environment where the user can break things, mainly porcelain or glass items such as vases or plates. The objective is to understand attitudes to, and some effects of, using this application, as well as eliciting ideas of other virtual environments that would be desired.

METHODS

The virtual environment presented here, the virtual smash room, was designed at the request of a patient with cancer who wanted a tool for venting frustration. In this virtual environment, the user can break porcelain, vases, and plates. Patients participating in a week-long cancer rehabilitation program tested the virtual smash room and reported their experiences through a questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised three sections: (1) a subset of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), (2) a subset of the Virtual Reality Symptoms Questionnaire (VRSQ), and (3) a free-text response section.

RESULTS

A total of 101 responses were gathered. The results from the IMI questions showed that the participants found the virtual experience enjoyable (mean 4.52, maximum 5, SD 0.73), and it helped them retain their focus (mean 4.44, maximum 5, SD 0.74). The VRSQ revealed that there were only minor symptoms related to general discomfort (5.9%, n=6), fatigue (5.9%, n=6), nausea (3.0%, n=3), and tired eyes (8.9%, n=9), while several participants experienced dizziness (22.8%, n=23). Since only postmeasurements were gathered, nothing could be concluded about the prevalence of these symptoms before testing. The free-text responses indicated that the user group had many ideas for other virtual environments to use in cancer rehabilitation.

CONCLUSIONS

This study presents a concept of using virtual reality in the cancer rehabilitation process and exemplifies activities of patient participation in the design process. Virtual reality has potential in being both distracting and enjoyable, while certain aspects of cybersickness might be especially important to consider for a user group already experiencing physical and mental issues. The results will act as input in the process of further designing virtual applications in digitally reinforced cancer rehabilitation.
Delivering Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Virtually Using a Digital Health Platform (ECME-CR): Protocol for a Pilot Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Giggins Oonagh M , Doyle Julie , Smith Suzanne , Moran Orla , Gavin Shane , Sojan Nisanth , Boyle Gordon
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is recognized as a core component of cardiovascular disease management and has been shown to reduce all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and reduce the risk of hospital readmission following a cardiac event. However, despite this, the uptake of and long-term adherence to cardiac rehabilitation exercise is poor. Delivering cardiac rehabilitation exercise virtually (ie, allowing patients to participate from their own homes) may be an alternative approach that could enhance uptake and increase adherence.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of delivering a virtual cardiac rehabilitation exercise program supported by the Eastern Corridor Medical Engineering – Cardiac Rehabilitation (ECME-CR) platform.

METHODS

A convenience sample (n=20) of participants eligible to participate in community-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise will be recruited. Participants will be randomized to one of two study groups. Both study groups will perform the same exercise program, consisting of twice-weekly sessions of 60 minutes each, over an 8-week intervention period. Participants in the intervention group will partake in virtually delivered cardiac rehabilitation exercise classes in their own home. The virtual exercise classes will be delivered to participants using a videoconferencing platform. Participants in the control group will attend the research center for their cardiac rehabilitation exercise classes. Intervention group participants will receive the ECME-CR digital health platform for monitoring during the class and during the intervention period. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and following the 8-week intervention period. The primary outcome will be exercise capacity as assessed using the 6-minute walk test. Other outcome measures will include heart rate, blood pressure, weight, percentage body fat, muscle strength, and self-reported quality of life. Semistructured interviews will also be conducted with a subset of participants to explore their experiences of using the digital platform.

RESULTS

Participant recruitment and data collection will begin in July 2021, and it is anticipated that the study results will be available for dissemination in spring 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

This pilot trial will inform the design of a randomized controlled trial that will assess the clinical effectiveness of the ECME-CR digital health platform.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/31855
Green Banana mixed Diet is Beneficial in the Management of Childhood Persistent Diarrhea: an Open, Randomized-Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Hossain Md Iqbal , Sarmin Monira , Islam Shoeb Bin , Shikha Shamima Sharmin , Alam Md Nur Haque , Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Islam M Munirul , Islam SM Rafiqul , Mahfuz Mustafa Mahfuz , Chisti Md Jobayer , Ahmed Tahmeed Ahmed
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Persistent diarrhea (PD), diarrhea for ≥14 days, accounts for 36%-56% of all diarrhea-related death. Studies demonstrated that green banana helps in the resolution of diarrhea.

OBJECTIVE

We assessed whether a lactose-free diet rice suji (RS) or rice suji containing green banana (GB-RS), improves outcome compared with 3/4th strength rice suji (3/4th RS) in 6 to 35 months old children having PD in the icddr,b Dhaka hospital.

METHODS

In this open-labeled, randomized, controlled trial, children with PD not improving with milk suji (the initial diet) received any of the three study diets: GB-RS, RS, 3/4th RS. The primary outcome was the percentage of children who recovered from diarrhea by day 5 with an intention to treat analysis.

RESULTS

From 1st December 2017 to 31st August 2019, we randomly allocated 45 children to each group. By day 5, 66 children recovered from PD, of whom 26 (58%), 14 (31%), 26 (58%) received GB-RS, RS, and 3/4th RS respectively. Significantly more resolution of PD occurred in GB-RS and 3/4th RS groups compared to RS group [relative risk (RR) 1⸱71, 95% CI 1⸱19-2⸱60; p=0⸱019]. Two (10%) children died, one each in RS group and GB-RS group. TaqMan array card (TAC) identified EAEC, rotavirus, norovirus, EPEC, astrovirus, and Campylobacter as the major pathogens associated with PD.

CONCLUSIONS

GB-RS and 3/4th RS are efficacious in the management of PD in young children. We also demonstrated a wide range of entero-pathogen associated with PD by TAC which needs further study to find a causal link.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03366740
Registered on 8th December 2017

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/15759
Organizational Characteristics Associated with High Performance in Medicare’s Comprehensive End-Stage Renal Disease Care Initiative
Authors: Drewry Kelsey M. , Trivedi Amal N. , Wilk Adam S.
Published: October 2021

Background and objectives

Medicare plans to extend financial structures tested through the Comprehensive End-Stage Renal Disease Care (CEC) Initiative—an alternative payment model for maintenance dialysis providers—to promote high-value care for beneficiaries with kidney failure. The End-Stage Renal Disease Seamless Care Organizations (ESCOs) that formed under the CEC Initiative varied greatly in their ability to generate cost savings and improve patient health outcomes. This study examined whether organizational or community characteristics were associated with ESCOs’ performance.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We used a retrospective pooled cross-sectional analysis of all 37 ESCOs participating in the CEC Initiative during 2015–2018 (n=87 ESCO-years). Key exposures included ESCO characteristics: number of dialysis facilities, number and types of physicians, and years of CEC Initiative experience. Outcomes of interest included were above versus below median gross financial savings (2.4%) and standardized mortality ratio (0.93). We analyzed unadjusted differences between high- and low-performing ESCOs and then used multivariable logistic regression to construct average marginal effect estimates for parameters of interest.

Results

Above-median gross savings were obtained by 23 (52%) ESCOs with no program experience, 14 (32%) organizations with 1 year of experience, and seven (16%) organizations with 2 years of experience. The adjusted likelihoods of achieving above-median gross savings were 23 (95% confidence interval, 8 to 37) and 48 (95% confidence interval, 24 to 68) percentage points higher for ESCOs with 1 or 2 years of program experience, respectively (versus none). The adjusted likelihood of achieving above-median gross savings was 1.7 (95% confidence interval, −3 to −1) percentage points lower with each additional affiliated dialysis facility. Adjusted mortality rates were lower for ESCOs located in areas with higher socioeconomic status.

Conclusions

Smaller ESCOs, organizations with more experience in the CEC Initiative, and those located in more affluent areas performed better under the CEC Initiative.
ERDOSTEINE: AN EFFECTIVE ANTIOXIDANT FOR PROTECTING COMPLETE FREUND’S ADJUVANT INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS
Authors: SYNMON BANYLLA , ROY SANHATIDUTTA , MAJEE SUTAPA BISWAS , PAUL MEGHNA , DASGUPTA SANDIPAN
Published: October 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Erdosteine on complete freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritic rats.
Methods: Wistar Albino rats of 100–250 g were divided into five groups (n=6) and administered with 0.1 ml of CFA subcutaneously into the left hind paw except the negative control group. The standard group received methotrexate (MTX) 0.075 mg/kg body weight orally. Besides, the test groups received Erdosteine orally at a dose 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg bodyweight for 12 days. The changes in body weight, paw volume, hematological parameters, radiographical, and histological findings were the indicators to evaluate the efficacy of the test product.
Discussion: Significant change in the body weight, paw volume, radiographical, hematological, and histological parameters were observed which supports the remarkable reduction of the arthritic development in the standard and test groups compared to the untreated group. However, the test group (Erdosteine) with the dose 20 mg/kg shows to be more potent than the test group (Erdosteine) with a dose 10 mg/kg and the standard group (MTX) to reduce the arthritic effect.
Results: The test group with 20 mg/kg Erdosteine showed much better outcome than the standard group at significant (p<0.05). Therefore, Erdosteine acting as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant is effective at a dose 20 mg/kg in treating the progression of rheumatoid arthritis in rats.
AMINO ACID PROFILING IN EDIBLE SHOOTS OF SOME BAMBOO SPECIES BY USING RP-UHPLC AND THEIR THERAPEUTICAL ASPECTS
Authors: RAWAT RANA KANCHAN , CHONGTHAM NIRMALA , SINGH BISHT MADHO , PATIAL AJAY , VERMA ATTRI SAVITA
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the amino acid profiles of edible shoots of five species of bamboos growing in various geographical regions of India.
Methods: Qualitative and quantitative estimation of free amino acids was done by Reverse Phase-Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-UHPLC). Separation of amino acids was carried out using Zorbax eclipse plus C18 Reverse Phase (1.8 μm), 50 mm × 2.1 mm column on quaternary UHPLC system using modified gradient elution. Derivatization was done by using auto-sampler Agilent’s 1290 infinity. Data assortment and processing were accomplished by using Open Lab Chromatography Data System EZchrome edition, version A.04.06 (Agilent technologies, USA).
Results: In the study, 19 free amino acids were identified, eight essential, five conditionally essential, and six non-essential amino acids (EAA). The principal amino acids were tyrosine (29.41–74.64 μg/mg d.w.) and asparagine (12.81–111.04 μg/mg d.w.). The amount of EAAs ranged from 0.46 to 21.11 μg/mg d.w. For the 1st time, taurine and ornithine are reported in bamboo shoots. The analysis exhibited significant variation (p<0.05) in free amino acids content among the five studied species. Of the five species, Phyllostachys mannii was best compared to the other species in amino acid content.
Conclusion: Results showed superior amino acid composition of bamboo shoots that can be utilized to improve nutritional value of functional foods. Amino acids have various health and therapeutic properties can contribute to the basis for further expansion of these bamboos and imminent potential in applications of food and pharmaceuticals.
SELF-MEDICATION PRACTICES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY
Authors: AHMAD MIR SHAKEEL , SHAKEEL DANISH , QADRI ZULFKAR LATIEF
Published: October 2021

Objective: Self-medication is a worldwide practice in which individuals, families, and/or communities choose pharmaceuticals to address health conditions without consulting a doctor. It impacts the health of people both negatively as well as positively. This study aims to determine the prevalence of self-medication for COVID-19 like symptoms during the pandemic.
Methods: This is an online questionnaire-based survey on the perceptions and use of certain drugs for COVID-like symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. 168 people responded to the questionnaire.
Results: Out of 168 respondents, 53.0% were males. 71.4% were below 30 years of age and, 25.6% were 31–60 years. The majority (72.6%) were unmarried. 50.0% had studied up to university level. 49.4% were unemployed. 39.9% were healthcare workers. 59.9% had suffered from respiratory symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. All those who developed symptoms had self-medicated. The most commonly used drugs were Paracetamol (85.0%), Azithromycin (58.0%), Expectorants (30.0%), Ivermectin (18.0%), Doxycycline (16.0%), Corticosteroids (7.0%), and Hydroxychloroquine (4.0%). The major sources of information about the disease and drugs were pharmacists (46.6%) and the internet (28.0%).
Conclusion: There were significant percentages of self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the drugs without sufficient scientific evidence.
Break Through Infection Following Covid 19 Vaccination Among Health Care Workers In South India .
Authors: THAYYIL JAYAKRISHNAN , MERIN GEORGE ARDRA
Published: October 2021

We here reported Covid 19 break through infections among HCWs following any of the above vaccines in our institution .Breakthrough infections were defined as “the detection of SARS-Cov2RNA or antigen in a respiratory specimen collected from a person >14 days after they have completed two recommend doses of Covid 19 vaccines”. Total we have received 737 responses from our HCWs ,out of which 677 (92%) were vaccinated.  Majority of them 642 (95%) received Covishield and rest 35 (5%) received Covaxin. Out of this 89 persons have  developed any symptoms tested positive fourteen days after receiving full course vaccines.
AMAZING ANTIMICROBIAL AND WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF ACACIA CATECHU BARK EXTRACTS- A REVIEW
Authors: TIWARI ARCHANA , TIWARI AVINASH
Published: October 2021

Plants are not only the source of food, oxygen, and shelter, but the same are also a potential foundation of medicines. Many natural and plant-derived antimicrobial and wound healing compounds have been recognized. In the present review, we have studied the main bioactive components of Acacia catechu with their medicinal roles. Most of these bioactive components are secondary metabolites which are produced by plants as side products of certain physiological reactions and are of no use for the plant itself. These components have been reported for their medicinal properties. In this review, we have mentioned some antibacterial, antifungal, and wound healing properties of A. catechu with its known bioactive components. The aim of this review article is, to enlist the possible potent bioactive components of the plant, against pathogenic microbes that can replace the use of chemicals and synthetic antibiotics for the treatment of skin infections and other diseases.
no tan secreta obscenidad de cada día
Authors: Rojas Sosa Odette María
Published: October 2021

Este artículo analiza la lucha contra las publicaciones obscenas durante el cardenismo, a partir de los procesos judiciales contra los editores de las revistas Caricatura, Vea y Forma, conocidas por sus imágenes de mujeres con poca o ninguna ropa y sus relatos pícaros. Para entender los motivos que dieron origen a tales procesos, se examina el marco jurídico relativo a los “ultrajes a la moral pública”, así como los conceptos que sobre obscenidad y moralidad formularon los actores (jueces, defensores, acusadores, editores, agentes del Ministerio Público) que intervinieron en las causas penales.
debate de la política económica de Ávila Camacho
Authors: Martin Moreno Sergio
Published: October 2021

La política económica de Ávila Camacho de 1940 a 1946 ha sido poco estudiada pese a su importancia. El objetivo de este artículo es desarrollar una interpretación basada en una mejor argumentación y mayor evidencia empírica de una fuente primaria, la cual no ha sido utilizada en otros estudios. La hipótesis plantea que la política macroeconómica de Ávila Camacho fue expansiva, sujeta a ciclos de arranque-freno y que provocó inflación y desequilibrios macroeconómicos, los cuales condujeron finalmente a la crisis cambiaria de 1948. Este relato refuta otras lecturas que interpretan esta política como moderada y responsable, y las cuales califican de un mito el mencionado planteamiento.
“A Critical Analysis to Improve Medical Tourism and Hospitality”
Authors: George Dr. Abin
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Medical tourism refers to visiting another country for medical care. The twentieth century witnessed the exorbitant price hike in medical treatment in the developed countries. Hospitality has proven its incredible potentials in most of the countries and its signature power in the modern era. Similarly, hospitality is capable to cure diseases with its magical flair of service in a hospital or treatment center. The study aims to determine the challenges of hospitality in medical tourism, improve key areas and build a strategic initiative to improve the performance of a country's medical tourism for the smooth visit of tourists. The researcher has framed research questions and distributed the questionnaires in 3 multi-specialty hospitals which are placed in the hubs of medical tourism in India. The data gathered of a hundred samples are analyzed and interpreted using a 5-point Likert scale. The need for improvements in the state, central policy, execution of in-house hospitality as well as distinct international lounges for patience and bystanders are needed. The study emphasizes the significance of a new medical tourism model and suggests a mechanism for implementing it. Keywords: Hospitality, Hospital, Diet, Medical Tourism, Visitor
The Use of Combined Working Bodies and Units for Fiber Flax Cultivation
Authors: Sizov I. V. , Blinov F. L. , Morozov P. V.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The technological aspects of fiber flax cultivation under various conditions were considered. The use of mole ploughing was proposed to solve a serious problem of excessive humidity and violation of the arable layer aeration. This operation can be performed simultaneously with plowing when using a device for general-purpose plows. The authors substantiated the expediency of using combined working bodies and units for high-quality performance. (Research purpose) To analyse the work of combined working bodies and units that perform several operations in one pass. (Materials and methods) The processes and technology for flax cultivation were studied. The following documents were used: GOST standard 20915-2011 and GOST standard 33687-2015. (Results and discussion) Testing a needle working body on a soil bin revealed differences in the needle print sizes depending on the change in the disk speed. It was noted that the width of the prints hardly changed, in contrast to their length. It was found that the distance between adjacent needle prints in the soil decreased significantly when the speed increased from 0.4 to 2.8 meters per second. The authors concluded that a stronger impact on the soil is possible when the speed of 2.8-3.0 meters per second is reached. The field tests of the needle harrow revealed the performance indicator dependence on the speed characteristics. It was found that agrotechnical indicators improve markedly with an increase in the speed of the unit. At the unit speed of 3.0-3.5 meters per second, the following permissible indicators were obtained: ridging – less than 15 millimeters, soil crumbling – about 95 percent. (Conclusions) It was found out that for fiber flax cultivation, non-power needle harrows are effective, they facilitates the performance at higher speeds.
Evaluation of Unmanned Multicopters’ Performance Indicators for Pesticide and Agrochemical Application
Authors: Asovskiy V. P. , Kuzmenko A. S. , Khudolenko O. V.
Published: October 2021

The authors considered the use of unmanned aerial vehicles as one of the promising innovative directions for the development of economic and social sectors. The authors touched upon the prospects for their use in agriculture, especially for pesticide and agrochemical application, where accuracy, quality and timeliness are important. The relevance of multicopter performance assessment was noted. (Research purpose) The authors aim to develop and test a methodology for the evaluation of multicopters’ performance indicators for pesticide and agrochemical application in the agricultural industry. (Materials and methods) The authors used scientific and technical information and experimental materials, applied methods of system, statistical and functional-cost analysis, mathematical modeling, object and process parameter optimization, as well as previously developed methodological approaches to studying the aerial distribution of substances. (Results and discussion) The authors presented a general description and content of the developed methodology and means for assessing multicopter performance when applying working solutions that provide for an estimation error of up to 7 percent.The typical options for field plots and their treatment were specified. The authors analyzed the results of testing the methodology and software for a typical hexacopter with the payload of up to 10 kilograms. The authors analyzed the impact of working speed of up to 10 meters per second, application rates of 2-30 liters per hectare, the size and characteristics of the field plot up to 200 hectares, traffic patterns and other factors on productivity and multicopter treatment cost.  (Conclusions) The authors confirmed the efficiency of implementing complex multi-factor assessment of multicopter performance indicators for working fluids application in agricultural production. The authors determined the appropriate area of  applying multicopters with a payload of up to 10 kilograms in the field plots up to 50-60 hectares with a rut length of up to 800-900 meters with different treatment performance: flight – up to 10.5 hectares per flight hour, working – up to 7.5 hectares per hour, daytime – up to 55 hectares. Proposals and recommendations for the provision, organization and implementation of this work were formulated.
The Quantum Supremacy Tsirelson Inequality
Authors: Kretschmer William
Published: October 2021

A leading proposal for verifying near-term quantum supremacy experiments on noisy random quantum circuits is linear cross-entropy benchmarking. For a quantum circuit C on n qubits and a sample z∈{0,1}n, the benchmark involves computing |⟨z|C|0n⟩|2, i.e. the probability of measuring z from the output distribution of C on the all zeros input. Under a strong conjecture about the classical hardness of estimating output probabilities of quantum circuits, no polynomial-time classical algorithm given C can output a string z such that |⟨z|C|0n⟩|2 is substantially larger than 12n (Aaronson and Gunn, 2019). On the other hand, for a random quantum circuit C, sampling z from the output distribution of C achieves |⟨z|C|0n⟩|2≈22n on average (Arute et al., 2019).In analogy with the Tsirelson inequality from quantum nonlocal correlations, we ask: can a polynomial-time quantum algorithm do substantially better than 22n? We study this question in the query (or black box) model, where the quantum algorithm is given oracle access to C. We show that, for any ε≥1poly(n), outputting a sample z such that |⟨z|C|0n⟩|2≥2+ε2n on average requires at least Ω(2n/4poly(n)) queries to C, but not more than O(2n/3) queries to C, if C is either a Haar-random n-qubit unitary, or a canonical state preparation oracle for a Haar-random n-qubit state. We also show that when C samples from the Fourier distribution of a random Boolean function, the naive algorithm that samples from C is the optimal 1-query algorithm for maximizing |⟨z|C|0n⟩|2 on average.
The translation evaluation of google translation
Authors: Putri Putu Ayu Anastasya , Parthama I Gusti Ngurah , Soetama Putu Lirishati
Published: October 2021

Machine translation (MT) offers great assistantship when people have difficulties in understanding or comprehend text of their non-native language both in spoken and written language. One kind of machine translation is Google Translation that can be got on their hand just by using mobile phone. This machine can help people to translate the text from one language to another one, in short time. This study aims at finding out the translation procedures found in the translation product by Google Translation and analyzing the errors occurred in Google Translation product.

The data of this study are in the form of written data taken from a bilingual children story book of archipelago legend, which consists of 100 lines. There is a source language text in Bahasa Indonesia which is translated into English by using Google translation. The texts are chosen as it contains several sentences that are constructed by paying attention on the rhyme of ending sounds. The data of this study were analyzed through qualitative method. The translation results were analyzed based on translation procedures proposed by Vinay and Dalbernet (1989).

Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that translation procedures used by Google Translation found in the data source are borrowing, calque, literal, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. The most dominant type of translation procedure is literal translation. It has the highest frequency data; with a total of 50 data (50 %). Some errors are found in the result of Google translation. They are the errors in the use of pronoun, the use of plural and singular noun and inconsistency in the translation of name. Those errors are caused by limitation of machine in detecting the context of the text. Thus, the translated text is incoherent.
The analysis of phrasal verbs found in blood diamond movie by edward zwick
Authors: Yasin Muhammad Reza Jufri , Nugraha I Gusti Bagus Wahyu , Jayantini I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the types of phrasal verbs encountered in a movie entitled Blood Diamond. The problems of this study is what types of phrasal verb are found in the movie entitled Blood Diamond?. This study employed descriptive and qualitative method to provide a well-organized description regarding the problems being identified. The data of this study were obtained by observation method through four stages. Firstly, watching the Blood Diamond movie. Secondly, finding and taking notes the phrasal verb spoken by the characters in the movie Blood Diamond. Reading the online movie script and finally the writer categorized the types of data based on the theory proposed by McCarthy & O’Dell (2007:8). There were two types of phrasal verb encountered namely transitive and intransitive phrasal verb, in which transitive phrasal verb can be specialized into separable or non-separable transitive phrasal verb. The result of the study demonstrated that there are 8 data of phrasal verbs discovered in the movie Blood Diamond consisting 4 transitive phrasal verbs and 4 intransitive phrasal verbs.
Analisis Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di Kabupaten Bangli, Provinsi Bali, Tahun 2019
Authors: Widyanthini Desak Nyoman , Widyanthari Desak Made
Published: October 2021

Adolescent girls are a group that is prone to anemia because they experience menstruation every month and is in growth period. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls in Bangli, Bali. An analytical study with cross-sectional design was conducted among 135 girls at a vocational high school in Bangli, Bali in 2019. School selection was carried out in a cluster sample, all girls in the school were used as research samples (total sample). The exclusion criteria were girls who were not present at the time of the data collection process. The variables studied were the incidence of anemia, menstrual cycle, duration of menstruation and adherence to Fe tablet consumption. Data were collected by checking Hb and using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test. The results showed as many as 7.4% of girls had anemia. The variable that was statistically proven to be associated with the incidence of anemia was the menstrual cycle (OR=0.270;95%CI: 0.072-.0.013; p=0.049). The use of monitoring forms for the Tablet Tambah Darah program as well as increasing teacher support can be implemented to help improve students' adherence to Fe tablet consumption. Keywords: Anemia, girls, Fe tablet, Kabupaten Bangli

Abstrak

Remaja putri merupakan kelompok yang rawan terhadap terjadinya anemia karena mengalami menstruasi setiap bulannya dan sedang dalam masa pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor- faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di Kabupaten Bangli, Provinsi Bali. Suatu penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional dilakukan pada 135 remaja putri di SMK X di Kabupaten Bangli, Provinsi Bali pada Tahun 2019. Seleksi sekolah dilakukan dalam sampel cluster, semua remaja putri di sekolah tersebut terpilih menjadi sampel penelitian (total sampel), dengan kriteria eksklusi adalah remaja putri yang tidak hadir pada saat proses pengambilan data. Variabel yang diteliti adalah kejadian anemia, siklus menstruasi, lama menstruasi dan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan Hb dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat (uji Chi Square). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 7,4% remaja putri mengalami anemia. Variabel yang terbukti secara statistik berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia adalah siklus menstruasi (OR=0,270; 95%CI: 0,072-1,013; p=0,049). Penggunaan formulir pemantauan program Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD) dan meningkatkan dukungan guru bisa dilaksanakan untuk membantu meningkatkan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe pada siswa.

Kata kunci: Anemia, Prevalensi, Tablet Fe