bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forschungskompetenz von Lehramtsstudierenden und Studierenden anderer Fachrichtungen
Authors: Besa Kris-Stephen , Lüking Sarah , Biehl Anna-Lisa , Wilde Matthias
Published: April 2023

Für die Professionalität von Lehrkräften spielt Forschungskompetenz eine entscheidende Rolle, um evidenzbasiert handeln zu können. Es gibt Hinweise auf eine geringere Ausprägung der Forschungskompetenz seitens Studierender, welche ein Lehramt anstreben. Parallel hierzu wird über die Wirkung verschiedener Persönlichkeitsmerkmale auf die beruflichen Fähigkeiten zukünftiger Lehrer*innen diskutiert. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob Unterschiede in der Forschungskompetenz sowie den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen zwischen Studierenden verschiedener Lehrämter und Studierenden anderer Fachrichtungen bestehen. Der Fokus dieser Studie liegt auf der Überprüfung des Zusammenhangs zwischen den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und der Forschungskompetenz. Hierzu wurden 351 Studierende (74,1 % weiblich) verschiedener Studiengänge (65,2 % Lehramtsstudierende) zu ihrer Forschungskompetenz und den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen befragt. Mithilfe von multivariaten Varianzanalysen (MANOVA) wurden signifikante Unterschiede in der selbsteingeschätzten Forschungskompetenz zwischen Lehramtsstudierenden und Studierenden anderer Fachrichtungen sowie zwischen den Lehramtsstudierenden unterschiedlicher Schulformen gefunden. Bezüglich der Persönlichkeitsmerkmale ließen sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede berichten. Abschließend konnten mithilfe einer multiplen Regressionsanalyse die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale Offenheit und Gewissenhaftigkeit als signifikante Prädiktoren mit moderater Varianzaufklärung für die Forschungskompetenz ermittelt werden.
Taking a Knee: Effect of NFL Player Protests on Subsequent Employment and Earnings
Authors: Jepsen Christopher , Jepsen Lisa K.
Published: April 2023

Protesters sometimes face penalties for their actions, but few papers have attempted to quantify these penalties. We investigate whether the subsequent salaries and employment status of NFL players who took a knee or sat during the national anthem during the 2017 season differed from similar players who did not. We find limited evidence that they were penalized in terms of employment during the 2018 or 2019 seasons. Conditional on employment, we find an insignificant relationship between protesting and log salaries.
Marshall Olkin Exponentiated Dagum Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Sherwani Rehan Ahmad Khan , Ashraf Saima , Abbas Shumaila , Aslam Muhammad
Published: April 2023

Marshall Olkin Exponentiated Dagum distribution (MOED) with four shape parameters and one scale parameter is proposed. Alternative expressions are derived for the newly proposed distribution to sort out lengthy calculations. Various properties of MOED are derived, including the measure of central tendency, the measure of dispersion, hazard rate and survival rate are also derived for the MOED. Moreover, the network properties are also derived, including moments, moment generating function, quantile function, median, and mean deviation random number generator. Estimation of parameters is done through MLE (Maximum likelihood estimation) method, and to assess the value of the proposed distribution, the performance of the parameter’s estimates is studied through Monte Carlo Simulation. Three real-life data sets are used to evaluate the application and to scrutinize the performance of MOED as compared to the Marshall Olkin Dagum (MOD) distribution, Exponentiated Dagum (ED) distribution, Dagum (D) distribution, Burr III distribution, Kumaraswamy Burr III (KBurr III) distribution, Kumaraswamy Log Logistic (KLL) distribution and Log Logistic (LL) distribution. Four information criteria are used to examine the performance of the MOED with other special cases. The results showed that the newly proposed distribution performs better than the compared distributions.
“Learning as a Strategy” for Better EU Policy Understanding and Implementation in the Digital Era
Authors: Hearn Paul , Elias Leticia , Ganescu Eleonora
Published: April 2023

The European Commission established the Better Regulation agenda of the European Union (EU) in 2015, but problems in EU implementation persist. A policy that is not well understood and implemented can fall short in creating its intended value and can have detrimental effects for stakeholders. This paper argues that part of the explanation for inadequate understanding and implementation is that EU laws can often be unclear and complex. At the same time, implementation requires a variety of skills, knowledge, and expertise, which are often not broadly available, limiting administrative capacity to implement. The digital era complicates the picture with the growth of disinformation that leads society to become doubtful about the value of policies and can affect the EU’s position in the world. The authors argue that a focus on learning—the process of systematic acquisition and development of knowledge, skills, and competencies through targeted educational activities and practical experience to facilitate the capacity to act—can play a central role in dealing with these challenges. This contribution presents the benefits of learning in implementation and argues that a more strategic focus, “Learning as a Strategy”, can help both the EU and member states in their efforts towards better EU policy understanding and implementation.
When Democracy Died
Authors: Kieser Hans-Lukas
Published: April 2023

The Treaty of Lausanne, signed in Switzerland in July 1923, officially settled the conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Allied forces. Not only did the Treaty establish the borders of the modern Turkish republic, but it also defined boundaries, political systems, and understandings of citizenship in the newly formed post-Ottoman nation-states. Here, Hans-Lukas Kieser recounts how the eight dramatic months of the Lausanne Conference concluded more than ten years of war and genocide in the late Ottoman Empire. Crucially, the Treaty was in favour of a homogeneous Turkish state in Asia Minor and became the basis for the compulsory 'unmixing of people' that facilitated the persecution of minority groups, including Armenians, Kurds, and Arabs. Not only did this significant yet oft-overlooked treaty mark the end of the League of Nations' project of self-determination and security for small peoples, but it was crucial in shaping the modern Middle East, and dictatorships in Turkey and Europe.
Optimal Linking Grammar
Authors: Galbraith Daniel
Published: April 2023

Supported by data from linguistic fieldwork conducted in the Faroe Islands and Iceland, this book presents a pioneering approach to syntactic analysis, 'Optimal Linking Grammar' (OLG), which brings together two existing models, Linking Theory and Optimality Theory (OT). OT, which assumes spoken language to be based on the highest-ranking outcome from a number of competing underlying constraints, has been central mainly to phonology; however its application to syntax has also gained ground in recent years. OLG not only provides a robust account of case-marking phenomena in Faroese and Icelandic; it also explains a wide range of sentence types, including passives, ditransitives, object shift, and word order variation. The book demonstrates how OLG can resolve numerous issues in competing theories of formal syntax, and how it might be successfully applied to other languages in future research. It is essential reading for researchers and students in syntax, morphology, sociolinguistics, and European languages.
Right to Respect for Private and Family Life, Home and Correspondence
Authors: Hirvelä Päivi , Heikkilä Satu
Published: April 2023

Every year, the European Court of Human Rights delivers numerous judgments, adding to its already extensive case-law. This makes it difficult for people outside the Court to know which cases are the most relevant and break new ground for Article 8 issues. This book seeks to respond to that need by focusing on the most important cases and aims to make the content of Article 8 accessible to best serve readers' every-day practical legal needs. The cases are selected following the Court's Jurisconsult's opinion of their jurisprudential interest. In addition, the book includes several other cases that raise issues of general interest, establish new principles, or develop or clarify the Court's existing case-law.

This book is much more detailed than any other Article 8 case-law book on the market. Court lawyers, judges and other practitioners often face situations where a reference is needed to a particular type of a case, but such reference is nowhere to be found. Most case-law guides on the European Convention on Human Rights cover all the Convention Articles, meaning that each Article is not dealt with in a detailed manner. The authors of this book aimed to collect all possible reference cases together and to make this information available to others. The cases are summarised in such a manner that the readers' attention is drawn to the essential points, allowing them to focus on the jurisprudential significance of the case. A clear structure utilising detailed headings helps the reader to quickly find the relevant case-law.
Effects of backpressure on unstart and restart characteristics of a supersonic inlet
Authors: Wang K. , Wang J.Y. , Huang H.X. , Xie L.R. , Liu Y. , Tan H.J.
Published: April 2023

The unstart phenomenon of supersonic inlets caused by backpressure is dangerous for aircraft during flights because it severely reduces the air mass flow rate through the engine. We used unsteady numerical simulations to evaluate the unstart and restart characteristics of a two-dimensional supersonic inlet during rapid backpressure changes. The effects of the depressurisation time and depressurisation value on the inlet flow characteristics and restart features are discussed. The results show that the depressurisation time affects the restart procedure when the back pressure drops from the inlet unstart value to the normal working state value. When the depressurisation time decreases, it becomes easier for the inlet to restart. However, the inlet cannot restart if the depressurisation time is too long. When the depressurisation time and value were large enough, a short buzz period occurred before the inlet restarted. Both the time and value of depressurisation affected the restart characteristics.
UNDER LOCK AND KEY: A PROOF SYSTEM FOR A MULTIMODAL LOGIC
Authors: KAVVOS G. A. , GRATZER DANIEL
Published: April 2023

We present a proof system for a multimode and multimodal logic, which is based on our previous work on modal Martin-Löf type theory. The specification of modes, modalities, and implications between them is given as a mode theory, i.e., a small 2-category. The logic is extended to a lambda calculus, establishing a Curry–Howard correspondence.
Disparities in maternal mortality
Authors: Tran Phuong , Jreij Barbara , Sistani Farideh , Shaya Fadia T.
Published: April 2023

Maternal mortality rates in the USA remain high, with persistent racial and socioeconomic disparities. We identified 207,016 hospital admissions for pregnant women in Maryland, from 2017 to 2019. Logistic regression was used to identity factors associated with maternal death. The health outcome for black women was more prone to give rise to maternal mortality than for white women. Our study revealed numerous racial and age discrepancies in gestational health outcomes, which opioid use disorder exacerbated. Our findings elaborate on the importance of identifying the drivers of adverse pregnancy outcomes, to help inform policy, and resource allocations.
Monitoring and characterization of particle contamination in the pulse compression chamber of the OMEGA EP laser system
Authors: Hoffman B. N. , Savidis N. , Demos S. G.
Published: April 2023

The laser-damage performance of optics is known to be negatively affected by microscale particle contamination induced by the operational environment. This work investigates the properties of particles accumulating in various locations near critical optics inside the OMEGA EP grating compressor chamber during quarterly operational periods over a 2-year duration. The particles found were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The analysis indicates significant concentrations of micrometer- to nanometer-scale particles inside the vacuum chamber, with higher values observed near the port leading to the OMEGA EP target chamber. The distribution of the chemical composition of these particles varies between collection periods. Although understanding of the mechanisms of particle generation and transport remains uncertain, the hypothesis is that this particle load represents a risk for contaminating the surfaces of high-value optics located inside the chamber, including the compression gratings and deformable mirrors, and therefore affecting their laser-damage resistance and overall operational lifetime.
Implementing and validating a home-infusion central-line–associated bloodstream infection surveillance definition
Authors: Keller Sara C. , Hannum Susan M. , Weems Kimberly , Oladapo-Shittu Opeyemi , Salinas Alejandra B. , Marsteller Jill A. , Gurses Ayse P. , Klein Eili Y. , Shpitser Ilya , Crnich Christopher J. , Bhanot Nitin , Rock Clare , Cosgrove Sara E. ,   the Home Infusion CLABSI Prevention Collaborative
Published: April 2023

Objective:

Central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) surveillance in home infusion therapy is necessary to track efforts to reduce infections, but a standardized, validated, and feasible definition is lacking. We tested the validity of a home-infusion CLABSI surveillance definition and the feasibility and acceptability of its implementation.

Design:

Mixed-methods study including validation of CLABSI cases and semistructured interviews with staff applying these approaches.

Setting:

This study was conducted in 5 large home-infusion agencies in a CLABSI prevention collaborative across 14 states and the District of Columbia.

Participants:

Staff performing home-infusion CLABSI surveillance.

Methods:

From May 2021 to May 2022, agencies implemented a home-infusion CLABSI surveillance definition, using 3 approaches to secondary bloodstream infections (BSIs): National Healthcare Safety Program (NHSN) criteria, modified NHSN criteria (only applying the 4 most common NHSN-defined secondary BSIs), and all home-infusion–onset bacteremia (HiOB). Data on all positive blood cultures were sent to an infection preventionist for validation. Surveillance staff underwent semistructured interviews focused on their perceptions of the definition 1 and 3–4 months after implementation.

Results:

Interrater reliability scores overall ranged from κ = 0.65 for the modified NHSN criteria to κ = 0.68 for the NHSN criteria to κ = 0.72 for the HiOB criteria. For the NHSN criteria, the agency-determined rate was 0.21 per 1,000 central-line (CL) days, and the validator-determined rate was 0.20 per 1,000 CL days. Overall, implementing a standardized definition was thought to be a positive change that would be generalizable and feasible though time-consuming and labor intensive.

Conclusions:

The home-infusion CLABSI surveillance definition was valid and feasible to implement.
National survey study of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir prescribing processes and access barriers during the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) omicron surge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Wang Rebecca , Calderwood Michael S. , Worby Craig P. , Mercado Jose R. , Kim Justin J.
Published: April 2023

In this national survey, we found that individual patient assessments by pharmacists were more common at facilities using centralized prescribing for nirmetralvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) than decentralized prescribing. Provider discomfort was initially less with centralized prescribing, but later, there was no difference in provider discomfort based on prescribing mechanism.
Case C-156/21, Hung. v. Eur. Parl. & Council and Case C-157/21, Pol. v. Eur. Parl. & Council (C.J.E.U.)
Authors: Grabowska-Moroz Barbara
Published: April 2023

The European Union's (EU) attempts to deal with the ongoing rule of law crisis in numerous member states resulted in the adoption of the so-called “rule of law conditionality” mechanism. Judicial challenges to the new tool before the Court of Justice resulted in two rulings issued in February 2022 by the full court and livestreamed for the first time in the Court's history. The judgements might be considered the most important “rule of law rulings” in the Court's case-law, since they put the rule of law at the forefront of the European Union's identity.
Asymptotic behaviour of the first positions of uniform parking functions
Authors: Bellin Etienne
Published: April 2023

In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour of a random uniform parking function
$\pi_n$
of size n. We show that the first
$k_n$
places
$\pi_n(1),\ldots,\pi_n(k_n)$
of
$\pi_n$
are asymptotically independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) and uniform on
$\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$
, for the total variation distance when
$k_n = {\rm{o}}(\sqrt{n})$
, and for the Kolmogorov distance when
$k_n={\rm{o}}(n)$
, improving results of Diaconis and Hicks. Moreover, we give bounds for the rate of convergence, as well as limit theorems for certain statistics such as the sum or the maximum of the first
$k_n$
parking places. The main tool is a reformulation using conditioned random walks.
COMPUTABLE PRESENTATIONS OF C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: FOX ALEC
Published: April 2023

We initiate the study of computable presentations of real and complex C*-algebras under the program of effective metric structure theory. With the group situation as a model, we develop corresponding notions of recursive presentations and word problems for C*-algebras, and show some analogous results hold in this setting. Famously, every finitely generated group with a computable presentation is computably categorical, but we provide a counterexample in the case of C*-algebras. On the other hand, we show every finite-dimensional C*-algebra is computably categorical.
Digital health in head and neck cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Hulse Kate , Li Lucy Qian , Lowit Anja , Maguire Roma , Douglas Catriona
Published: April 2023

Objective

Digital health tools are increasingly being recognised as effective interventions in monitoring chronic health conditions. This systematic review addressed how digital health is currently utilised in patients with head and neck cancer as an adjunct to care.

Method

Studies of the development or evaluation of an eHealth, telemedicine or telemonitoring tool were eligible. A narrative synthesis was performed as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines.

Results

Twenty-nine studies of digital health tools in head and neck cancer were identified. Nine were randomised, controlled trials but most had concern of bias. Fourteen (48 per cent) of the interventions used multiple modes of delivery. The primary digital tool functions are symptom tracking and self-care, prehabilitation and rehabilitation, psychological support, and education, including decision aids. Most tools aimed to support patients during active cancer treatment.

Conclusion

There are a small number of digital health tools for head and neck cancer patients; however, there is a lack of well-designed randomised, controlled trials to demonstrate effectiveness.
Gyrokinetic simulations of plasma turbulence in a Z-pinch using a moment-based approach and advanced collision operators
Authors: Hoffmann A.C.D. , Frei B.J. , Ricci P.
Published: April 2023

The first nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations obtained using a moment approach based on the Hermite–Laguerre decomposition of the distribution function are presented, implementing advanced models for the collision operator. Turbulence in a two-dimensional Z-pinch is considered within a flux-tube configuration. In the collisionless regime, our gyromoment approach shows very good agreement with nonlinear simulations carried out with the continuum gyrokinetic code GENE, even with fewer gyromoments than required for the convergence of the linear growth rate. By using advanced linear collision operators, the role of collisions in setting the level of turbulent transport is then analysed. The choice of collision operator model is shown to have a crucial impact when turbulence is quenched by the presence of zonal flows. The convergence properties of the gyromoment approach improve when collisions are included.
Maternal mental health mediates the effect of prenatal stress on infant temperament: The Harvey Mom Study
Authors: Lipschutz Rebecca , Kulesz Paulina A. , Elgbeili Guillaume , Biekman Brian , Laplante David P. , Olson David M. , King Suzanne , Bick Johanna
Published: April 2023

Prenatal maternal stress and mental health problems are known to increase risk for developmental psychopathology in offspring, yet pathways leading to risk or resiliency are poorly understood. In a quasi-experimental design, we prospectively examined associations between disaster-related prenatal stress, maternal mental health symptoms, and infant temperament outcomes. Mothers who were pregnant during Hurricane Harvey (N = 527) reported on objective hardships (e.g., loss of belongings or income, evacuation, home flooding) related to the storm and subsequent mental health symptoms (anxiety/depression, posttraumatic stress) across time. At a postpartum assessment, mothers reported on their infant’s temperament (negative affect, positive affect, orienting/regulatory capacity). Greater objective hardship indirectly predicted higher levels of infant orienting/regulatory capacity through its association with increased maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms. Greater objective hardship also indirectly predicted higher levels of infant negative affect through its association with increased maternal anxiety/depression symptoms across time. Our findings suggest a psychological mechanism linking prenatal stress with specific temperamental characteristics via maternal mental health symptoms. Findings point to the importance of high-quality assessment and mental health services for vulnerable women and young children.
A DAE perspective on the interface between adaptive and maladaptive personality development: A conceptual replication
Authors: Koster Nagila , Laceulle Odilia M. , Prinzie Peter , Van der Heijden Paul T. , Van Aken Marcel A.G.
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to examine Dispositional, Adaptational, and Environmental (DAE) variables at the intersection of adaptive and maladaptive personality development as a conceptual replication of the DAE-model (Asendorpf & Motti-Stefanidi, European Journal of Personality, 32(3), 167–185, 2018). In a community sample of adolescents (N = 463; Mage = 13.6 years; 51% female) hypotheses-driven cross-lagged panel models were tested. Longitudinal associations between Dispositional (i.e., neuroticism, disagreeableness and unconscientiousness), Adaptational (i.e., social problems), and Environmental (i.e., perceived quality of the parent-child relationship) variables were investigated. The results partially support the DAE hypotheses. High levels of neuroticism, disagreeableness and social problems were found to predict the perceived quality of the parent–child relationship. In turn, the perceived quality of the parent–child relationship was found to predict levels of unconscientiousness and social problems. No mediation effects were found and, in contrast to DAE hypotheses, results did not indicate bidirectional influences between dispositions and adaptations. The results shed light on differential person–environment interactions that shape personality development and the importance of the perceived quality of the parent–child relationship. These findings provide insight in pathways of personality development, that may lead to personality pathology, and demonstrate the value of the DAE model as a structured guideline that provides testable hypotheses.
The impact of discrimination and support on immigrant trust and belonging
Authors: Tyrberg Maria
Published: April 2023

How are immigrants’ feelings of inclusion and trust in political institutions affected by interactions with the host society? In a field dominated by observational correlation studies, I use a survey experiment in two national contexts to test how perceptions of discrimination and expressions of pro-immigrant support influence non-Western immigrants’ political trust and national belonging. Following standard experimental procedures to test the hypotheses, I attempt to prime perceptions of group discrimination by asking questions about unfair treatment. Expressions of pro-immigrant support are, in turn, primed with facts about public and institutional support for immigrants’ rights. The results from the survey experiment are in line with expectations from prior work in some subgroups and underline the importance of equal treatment to achieve social cohesion. They also paint a rather complex picture of discrimination and its psychological impact. These findings have substantial implications for our understanding of host societies’ roles in immigrant inclusion.
Adapted and unadapted texts: do any of us ever read just what our author wrote?
Authors: Moran Jerome
Published: April 2023

We do not possess, nor are we ever likely to possess, any autograph of a Greek or Latin literary text from antiquity. We do not always apprise our students of this fact. This article seeks to explain why we possess only copies of the texts, often adapted for one reason or another and at many stages removed from the autographs. It also explains why certain kinds of originals cannot by their nature be copied or adapted, and are lost to us as soon as they are created. Non-literary texts too, written on durable materials other than papyri and parchment, do not, for various reasons, always constitute autographs, or autographs that we and our students can have ready access to.
I3IDP Survey Toolkit: User Manual
Authors: O’Dwyer Laura , Schlatterer Joerg , Fuhrmann Cynthia , Kuniyoshi Corrie
Published: April 2023

The goal of the Impact Indicator and Instruments for Individual Development Plans (I3IDP) project, funded by the NSF Innovation in Graduate Education [Grant No. 1806607], was to build a foundation for determining how and why the Individual Development Plan (IDP) process is effective for STEM graduate students. To achieve this goal, we defined "IDP" and the core components of the IDP process in the context of social sciences studies and theories, defined anticipated measurable outcomes for the IDP process, and developed and tested a set of instruments for demonstrating changes in student actions and attitudes resulting from engagement in the IDP process. The result of this project was the I3IDP Survey Toolkit described in this document, which was constructed towards testing cohorts of graduate students engaged at various levels in the IDP-Process.
Projected Changes to Wintertime Air‐Sea Turbulent Heat Fluxes Over the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Barrell Christopher , Renfrew Ian A. , King John C. , Abel Steven J. , Elvidge Andrew D.
Published: April 2023

In wintertime over the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean (SPNA), the strongest surface sensible and latent heat fluxes typically occur just downstream of the sea‐ice edge. The recent retreat in Arctic wintertime sea ice is changing the distribution of these turbulent heat fluxes, with consequences for the formation of the dense waters that feed into the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Projections of turbulent heat flux over the SPNA are investigated using output from the HadGEM3‐GC3.1 climate model, produced as part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Inter‐Comparison Project. Comparison of two model resolutions (MM: 60 km atmosphere—1/4° ocean and HH: 25 km–1/12°) shows that the HH configuration more accurately simulates historic sea ice and turbulent heat flux distributions. The MM configuration tends to produce too much sea ice in the SPNA, affecting the turbulent heat flux distribution; however, it displays improved performance during winters with less sea ice, increasing confidence in future projections when less sea ice is predicted. Future projections are presented for low (SSP1‐2.6) and high (SSP5‐8.5) emissions pathways. The simulations agree in predicting that, with climate change, the SPNA will see reductions in wintertime sea ice and air‐sea turbulent fluxes later in the 21st century, particularly in the Labrador and Irminger Seas and the interior of the Nordic Seas, and a notable reduction in their decadal variability. These effects are more severe under the SSP5‐8.5 pathway. The implications for SPNA ocean circulation are discussed.
Evidence of Fluid Induced Earthquake Swarms From High Resolution Earthquake Relocation in the Main Ethiopian Rift
Authors: Raggiunti Martina , Keir Derek , Pagli Carolina , Lavayssière Aude
Published: April 2023

Fluid overpressure and fluid migration are known to be able to trigger or induce fault slip. However, relatively little is known about the role of fluids on generating earthquakes in some of the major continental rifts. To address this, we investigate the interaction between fluids and faults in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) using a large seismicity catalog that covers both the rift axis and rift margin. We performed cross‐correlation analysis on four major earthquake clusters (three within the rift and one on the rift margin) in order to significantly improve accuracy of the earthquake relative relocations and to quantify families of earthquakes in which waveforms are similar. We also analyzed variation of seismicity rate and seismic moment release through time for the four clusters. The major results are that for all four clusters the earthquake relocations are 5–15 km deep, aligned to clear N‐NNE striking, steeply (>60°) dipping planes. For the three clusters within the rift, the cross‐correlation analysis identifies earthquake families that occur in short swarms during which seismic rate and moment release increases. Together, this space and time pattern of the seismicity strongly points toward them being fluid induced, with fluid likely sourced from depth such as mantle derived CO2. In contrast, the seismicity on the rift margin lacks earthquake families, with occurrence of earthquakes more continuous in nature, which we interpret as pointing toward tectonic stress‐driven microseismic creep. Overall, our results suggest that deep sourced fluid migration within the rift is an important driver of earthquake activity.
Tracing Oceanic Sources of Heat Content Available for Atlantic Hurricanes
Authors: Harris E. A. , Marsh R. , Grist J. P.
Published: April 2023

In the Main Development Region (MDR) for Atlantic hurricanes, the volume of water warmer than 26.5°C quantifies the potential source of energy for major storms. Taking a Lagrangian perspective, this warm water is backtracked on seasonal timescales in an eddy‐resolving ocean model hindcast spanning 1988–2010. Being confined near the surface and assuming a mixed layer depth of 50 m, net heat fluxes into or out of water parcels advected toward the MDR are inferred from along‐trajectory temperature tendencies. To first order, these heat fluxes match surface net heat fluxes during the months over which water advects into the region. Contributions to this warm water in the preceding 6 months include water resident in the MDR (20%–40%), arriving via the North Brazil Current (NBC, 5%–15%), or via Ekman drift across 10°S. In relative terms, decreased contributions from the NBC and Ekman drift and more in situ warming within the MDR lead to warmer, more active hurricane seasons.
Flow‐Topography Interaction Along the Spanish Slope in the Alboran Sea: Vorticity Generation and Connection to Interior Fronts
Authors: Capó Esther , McWilliams James C. , Jagannathan Arjun
Published: April 2023

Flow‐topography interaction is examined using a realistic simulation at submesoscale resolution. The study focuses on a strong, eastward fresh current flowing along the Spanish margin in the Alboran Sea. The current develops large cyclonic vertical vorticity over the irregular slope and separates downstream at a headland; vertical vorticity is advected offshore and an interior density front is sustained by the presence of denser waters to the east. Using a depth‐integrated vorticity balance formulation, we evince the major role of bottom stress as a vorticity generation mechanism, in the form of a bottom stress divergence torque. Our proposed formulation provides an alternative to the classic transport curl balance for quantifying vorticity budgets around the oceans, using high resolution models with well resolved bottom boundary layers. Also as a result of topographic interaction, we show that the fronts observed in the basin interior could be originated along the margins prior to current separation. This is manifested by large values of the Lagrangian frontogenetic tendency for buoyancy gradients, spanning the vertical extent of the boundary current and extending toward the interior.
Relationships Between foF2 and Various Solar Activity Proxies
Authors: Laštovička Jan , Burešová Dalia
Published: April 2023

To study ionospheric climate, to model the ionosphere (e.g., the International Reference Ionosphere—IRI) and to investigate its long‐term changes and trends, solar activity proxies/indices have been used, because long and homogeneous data series of solar ionizing flux are not available. To identify the optimum solar activity proxies, we use yearly average foF2 data of 11 ionospheric stations from middle and low/equatorial latitudes of four continents over 1976–2014 and six solar activity proxies, F10.7, sunspot numbers, F30, Mg II, He II, and solar H Lyman‐α flux. Mg II and F30 are found to be the best solar proxies for variability of foF2 at middle latitudes, not the usually used F10.7 or sunspot numbers. At equatorial latitudes the situation seems to be different with likely He II as the optimum solar proxy but all low/equatorial results are very preliminary. Solar activity describes 99% of the total variance of yearly foF2 and the foF2 dependence on solar proxies is highly linear at middle latitudes. The dependence of foF2 on F10.7 and sunspot numbers is significantly steeper in 1996–2014 than in 1976–1995, whereas for F30 both intervals provide the same dependence. We recommend for investigating the midlatitude yearly values of foF2 the solar proxy F30 followed by Mg II as the second one, not traditional F10.7 or sunspot numbers.
Marine Life May Be Headed to Higher Latitudes
Authors: White Mackenzie
Published: April 2023

Researchers tracked plankton through a changing climate over 8 million years. Now, that knowledge is helping scientists understand the coming effects of warming oceans.
De-ubiquitination of SAMHD1 by USP7 promotes DNA damage repair to overcome oncogenic stress and affect chemotherapy sensitivity
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Zhou Tingting , Dong Xiang , Guo Qiqiang , Zheng Lixia , Wang Xiaoxun , Zhang Naijin , Li Danni , Ren Ling , Yi Fei , Zhang Ying , Li Ziwei , Wang Xiwen , Deng Chengsi , Li Chunlu , Xu Hongde , Guan Yi , Li Xiaoman , Yu Yang , Guo Wendong , Wang Zhuo , Jiang Bo , Wu Xuan , Bai Ning , Feng Yanling , Ma Mengtao , Kong Qingquan , Wei Jiayi , Wang Zhenshuang , Li Hao , Lu Songming , Cao Liangzi , Xiao Yutong , Song Xiaoyu , Wang Zhenning , Xing Chengzhong , Cao Liu
Published: April 2023

Oncogenic stress induces DNA damage repair (DDR) that permits escape from mitotic catastrophe and allows early precursor lesions during the evolution of cancer. SAMHD1, a dNTPase protecting cells from viral infections, has been recently found to participate in DNA damage repair process. However, its role in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we show that SAMHD1 is up-regulated in early-stage human carcinoma tissues and cell lines under oxidative stress or genotoxic insults. We further demonstrate that de-ubiquitinating enzyme USP7 interacts with SAMHD1 and de-ubiquitinates it at lysine 421, thus stabilizing SAMHD1 protein expression for further interaction with CtIP for DDR, which promotes tumor cell survival under genotoxic stress. Furthermore, SAMHD1 levels positively correlates with USP7 in various human carcinomas, and is associated with an unfavorable survival outcome in patients who underwent chemotherapy. Moreover, USP7 inhibitor sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents by decreasing SAMHD1 in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that de-ubiquitination of SAMHD1 by USP7 promotes DDR to overcome oncogenic stress and affect chemotherapy sensitivity.
The National COVID Cancer Antibody Survey: a hyper-accelerated study proof of principle for cancer research
Authors: Fittall Matthew , Liu Justin , Platt James , Ionescu Maria , Sheehan Remarez , Johal Sukhmunni , Mew Rosie , Clark James , Watts Izzy , Tripathy Arvind , Little Martin , Patel Grisma , Panneerselvam Hari , Appanna Nathan , Burke Emma , McKenzie Hayley , Tilby Michael , Khan Sam , Lee Lennard Y. W.
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a range of novel and adaptive research designs. In this perspective, we use our experience coordinating the National COVID Cancer Antibody Survey to demonstrate how a balance between speed and integrity can be achieved within a hyper-accelerated study design. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as an example, we show this approach is necessary in the face of uncertain and evolving situations wherein reliable information is needed in a timely fashion to guide policy. We identify streamlined participant involvement, healthcare systems integration, data architecture and real-world real-time analytics as key areas that differentiate this design from traditional cancer trials, and enable rapid results. Caution needs to be taken to avoid the exclusion of patient subgroups without digital access or literacy. We summarise the merits and defining features of hyper-accelerated cancer studies.
The TRAF2-p62 axis promotes proliferation and survival of liver cancer by activating mTORC1 pathway
Authors: Liang Xue , Yao Jiping , Cui Danrui , Zheng Weiyang , Liu Yanning , Lou Guohua , Ye Bingjue , Shui Liyan , Sun Yi , Zhao Yongchao , Zheng Min
Published: April 2023

TRAF2 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2) is a dual function protein, acting as an adaptor protein and a ubiquitin E3 ligase, which plays an essential role in mediating the TNFα-NFκB signal pathway. Dysregulated expression of TRAF2 has been reported in a variety of human cancers. Whether and how TRAF2 regulates the growth of liver cancer cells remains elusive. The goal of this study is to investigate potential dysregulation of TRAF2 and its biological function in liver cancer, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism, leading to validation of TRAF2 as an attractive liver cancer target. Here, we reported TRAF2 is up-regulated in human liver cancer cell lines and tissues, and high TRAF2 expression is associated with a poor prognosis of HCC patients. Proteomics profiling along with Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that p62 is a new substrate of TRAF2, which is subjected to TRAF2-induced polyubiquitination via the K63 linkage at the K420 residue. A strong negative correlation was found between the protein levels of p62 and TRAF2 in human HCC samples. TRAF2 depletion inhibited growth and survival of liver cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo by causing p62 accumulation, which is partially rescued by simultaneous p62 knockdown. Mechanistically, TRAF2-mediated p62 polyubiquitylation activates the mTORC1 by forming the p62-mTORC1-Rag complex, which facilitates the lysosome localization of mTORC1. TRAF2 depletion inhibited mTORC1 activity through the disruption of interaction between p62 and the mTORC1 complex. In conclusion, our study provides the proof-of-concept evidence that TRAF2 is a valid target for liver cancer.
Dynamic and thermodynamic influences on precipitation in Northeast Mexico on orbital to millennial timescales
Authors: Wright Kevin T. , Johnson Kathleen R. , Marks Gabriela Serrato , McGee David , Bhattacharya Tripti , Goldsmith Gregory R. , Tabor Clay R. , Lacaille-Muzquiz Jean-Louis , Lum Gianna , Beramendi-Orosco Laura
Published: April 2023

The timing and mechanisms of past hydroclimate change in northeast Mexico are poorly constrained, limiting our ability to evaluate climate model performance. To address this, we present a multiproxy speleothem record of past hydroclimate variability spanning 62.5 to 5.1 ka from Tamaulipas, Mexico. Here we show a strong influence of Atlantic and Pacific sea surface temperatures on orbital and millennial scale precipitation changes in the region. Multiple proxies show no clear response to insolation forcing, but strong evidence for dry conditions during Heinrich Stadials. While these trends are consistent with other records from across Mesoamerica and the Caribbean, the relative importance of thermodynamic and dynamic controls in driving this response is debated. An isotope-enabled climate model shows that cool Atlantic SSTs and stronger easterlies drive a strong inter-basin sea surface temperature gradient and a southward shift in moisture convergence, causing drying in this region.
Characterization of a fold in TANGO1 evolved from SH3 domains for the export of bulky cargos
Authors: Arnolds Oliver , Stoll Raphael
Published: April 2023

Bulky cargos like procollagens, apolipoproteins, and mucins exceed the size of conventional COPII vesicles. During evolution a process emerged in metazoans, predominantly governed by the TANGO1 protein family, that organizes cargo at the exit sites of the endoplasmic reticulum and facilitates export by the formation of tunnel-like connections between the ER and Golgi. Hitherto, cargo-recognition appeared to be mediated by an SH3-like domain. Based on structural and dynamic data as well as interaction studies from NMR spectroscopy and microscale thermophoresis presented here, we show that the luminal cargo-recognition domain of TANGO1 adopts a new functional fold for which we suggest the term MOTH (MIA, Otoraplin, TALI/TANGO1 homology) domain. These MOTH domains, as well as an evolutionary intermediate found in invertebrates, constitute a distinct domain family that emerged from SH3 domains and acquired the ability to bind collagen.
Human CEACAM1 is targeted by a Streptococcus pyogenes adhesin implicated in puerperal sepsis pathogenesis
Authors: Catton Erin A. , Bonsor Daniel A. , Herrera Carolina , Stålhammar-Carlemalm Margaretha , Lyndin Mykola , Turner Claire E. , Soden Jo , van Strijp Jos A. G. , Singer Bernhard B. , van Sorge Nina M. , Lindahl Gunnar , McCarthy Alex J.
Published: April 2023

Life-threatening bacterial infections in women after childbirth, known as puerperal sepsis, resulted in classical epidemics and remain a global health problem. While outbreaks of puerperal sepsis have been ascribed to Streptococcus pyogenes, little is known about disease mechanisms. Here, we show that the bacterial R28 protein, which is epidemiologically associated with outbreaks of puerperal sepsis, specifically targets the human receptor CEACAM1. This interaction triggers events that would favor the development of puerperal sepsis, including adhesion to cervical cells, suppression of epithelial wound repair and subversion of innate immune responses. High-resolution structural analysis showed that an R28 domain with IgI3-like fold binds to the N-terminal domain of CEACAM1. Together, these findings demonstrate that a single adhesin-receptor interaction can drive the pathogenesis of bacterial sepsis and provide molecular insights into the pathogenesis of one of the most important infectious diseases in medical history.
CAR-neutrophil mediated delivery of tumor-microenvironment responsive nanodrugs for glioblastoma chemo-immunotherapy
Authors: Chang Yun , Cai Xuechao , Syahirah Ramizah , Yao Yuxing , Xu Yang , Jin Gyuhyung , Bhute Vijesh J. , Torregrosa-Allen Sandra , Elzey Bennett D. , Won You-Yeon , Deng Qing , Lian Xiaojun Lance , Wang Xiaoguang , Eniola-Adefeso Omolola , Bao Xiaoping
Published: April 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and lethal solid tumors in human. While efficacious therapeutics, such as emerging chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells and chemotherapeutics, have been developed to treat various cancers, their effectiveness in GBM treatment has been hindered largely by the blood-brain barrier and blood-brain-tumor barriers. Human neutrophils effectively cross physiological barriers and display effector immunity against pathogens but the short lifespan and resistance to genome editing of primary neutrophils have limited their broad application in immunotherapy. Here we genetically engineer human pluripotent stem cells with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knock-in to express various anti-GBM CAR constructs with T-specific CD3ζ or neutrophil-specific γ-signaling domains. CAR-neutrophils with the best anti-tumor activity are produced to specifically and noninvasively deliver and release tumor microenvironment-responsive nanodrugs to target GBM without the need to induce additional inflammation at the tumor sites. This combinatory chemo-immunotherapy exhibits superior and specific anti-GBM activities, reduces off-target drug delivery and prolongs lifespan in female tumor-bearing mice. Together, this biomimetic CAR-neutrophil drug delivery system is a safe, potent and versatile platform for treating GBM and possibly other devastating diseases.
A selective and atom-economic rearrangement of uridine by cascade biocatalysis for production of pseudouridine
Authors: Pfeiffer Martin , Ribar Andrej , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: April 2023

As a crucial factor of their therapeutic efficacy, the currently marketed mRNA vaccines feature uniform substitution of uridine (U) by the corresponding C-nucleoside, pseudouridine (Ψ), in 1-N-methylated form. Synthetic supply of the mRNA building block (1-N-Me-Ψ−5’-triphosphate) involves expedient access to Ψ as the principal challenge. Here, we show selective and atom-economic 1N-5C rearrangement of β-d-ribosyl on uracil to obtain Ψ from unprotected U in quantitative yield. One-pot cascade transformation of U in four enzyme-catalyzed steps, via d-ribose (Rib)-1-phosphate, Rib-5-phosphate (Rib5P) and Ψ-5’-phosphate (ΨMP), gives Ψ. Coordinated function of the coupled enzymes in the overall rearrangement necessitates specific release of phosphate from the ΨMP, but not from the intermediary ribose phosphates. Discovery of Yjjg as ΨMP-specific phosphatase enables internally controlled regeneration of phosphate as catalytic reagent. With driving force provided from the net N-C rearrangement, the optimized U reaction yields a supersaturated product solution (∼250 g/L) from which the pure Ψ crystallizes (90% recovery). Scale up to 25 g isolated product at enzyme turnovers of ∼105 mol/mol demonstrates a robust process technology, promising for Ψ production. Our study identifies a multistep rearrangement reaction, realized by cascade biocatalysis, for C-nucleoside synthesis in high efficiency.