bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra-steep side facets in multi-faceted SiGe/Si(001) Stranski-Krastanow islands
Authors: Brehm Moritz , Lichtenberger Herbert , Fromherz Thomas , Springholz Gunther
Published: July 2012

For the prototypical Ge/Si(001) system, we show that at high growth temperature a new type of Stranski-Krastanow islands is formed with side facets steeper than {111} and high aspect ratio. Nano-goniometric analysis of the island shapes reveals the presence of six new facet groups in addition to those previously found for dome or barn-shaped islands. Due to the highly multi-faceted island shape and high aspect ratio, the new island types are named "cupola" islands and their steepest {12 5 3} side facet is inclined by 68°to the substrate surface. Assessing the relative stability of the new facets from surface area analysis, we find that their stability is similar to that of {113} and {15 3 23} facets of dome islands. The comparison of the different island shapes shows that they form a hierarchical class of geometrical structures, in which the lower aspect ratio islands of barns, domes and pyramids are directly derived from the cupola islands by successive truncation of the pedestal bases without facet rearrangements. The results underline the key role of surface faceting in the process of island formation, which is as crucial for understanding the island's growth evolution as it is important for device applications.
Role of Capsaicin-Sensitive C-Fiber Afferents in Neuropathic Pain-Induced Synaptic Potentiation in the Nociceptive Amygdala
Authors: Nakao Ayano , Takahashi Yukari , Nagase Masashi , Ikeda Ryo , Kato Fusao
Published: July 2012

Background:

Neurons in the capsular part of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeC), a region also called “nociceptive amygdala,” receive nociceptive information from the dorsal horn via afferent pathways relayed from the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB). As the central amygdala is known to be involved in the acquisition and expression of emotion, this pathway is thought to play central roles in the generation of affective responses to nociceptive inputs. Excitatory synaptic transmission between afferents arising from the LPB and these CeC neurons is potentiated in arthritic, visceral, neuropathic, inflammatory and muscle pain models. In neuropathic pain models following spinal nerve ligation (SNL), in which we previously showed a robust LPB-CeC potentiation, the principal behavioral symptom is tactile allodynia triggered by non-C-fiber low-threshold mechanoreceptor afferents. Conversely, recent anatomical studies have revealed that most of the spinal neurons projecting to the LPB receive C-fiber afferent inputs. Here, we examined the hypothesis that these C-fiber-mediated inputs are necessary for the full establishment of robust synaptic potentiation of LPB-CeC transmission in the rats with neuropathic pain.

Results:

Postnatal capsaicin treatment, which has been shown to denervate the C-fibers expressing transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channels, completely abolished eye-wiping responses to capsaicin eye instillation in rats, but this treatment did not affect mechanical allodynia in the nerve-ligated animals. However, the postnatal capsaicin treatment prevented LPB-CeC synaptic potentiation after SNL, unlike in the vehicle-treated rats, primarily due to the decreased incidence of potentiated transmission by elimination of TRPV1-expressing C-fiber afferents.

Conclusions:

C-fiber-mediated afferents in the nerve-ligated animals may be a required facilitator of the establishment of nerve injury-evoked synaptic potentiation in the CeC. These inputs might play essential roles in the chronic pain-induced plastic changes in the central network linking nociception and negative emotion.
Smoking among troops deployed in combat areas and its association with combat exposure among navy personnel in Sri Lanka
Authors: de Silva Varuni Asanka , Jayasekera Nicholas ELW , Hanwella Raveen
Published: July 2012

Background

Among military personnel alcohol consumption and binge-drinking have increased but cigarette smoking has declined in the recent past. Although there is a strong association between smoking and PTSD the association between combat exposure and smoking is not clear.

Methods

This cross sectional study was carried out among representative samples of SLN Special Forces and regular forces deployed in combat areas. Both Special Forces and regular forces were selected using simple random sampling. Only personnel who had served continuously in combat areas during the one year period prior to end of combat operations were included in the study. Females were not included in the sample. The study assessed several mental health outcomes as well as alcohol use, smoking and cannabis use. Sample was classified according to smoking habits as never smokers, past smokers (those who had smoked in the past but not within the past year) and current smokers (those smoking at least one cigarette within the past 12 months).

Results

Sample consisted of 259 Special Forces and 412 regular navy personnel. Prevalence of current smoking was 17.9% (95% CI 14.9-20.8). Of the sample 58.4% had never smoked and 23.7% were past smokers. Prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among Special Forces personnel compared to regular forces. (OR 1.90 (95% CI 1.20-3.02). Personnel aged ≥35 years had the lowest prevalence of smoking (14.0%). Commissioned officers had a lower prevalence (12.1%) than non commissioned officers or other ranks. After adjustment for demographic variables and service type there was significant association between smoking and combat experiences of seeing dead or wounded [OR 1.79 (95%CI 1.08-2.9)], handling dead bodies [OR 2.47(95%CI 1.6-3.81)], coming under small arms fire [OR 2.01(95%CI 1.28-3.15)] and coming under mortar, missile and artillery fire [OR 2.02(95%CI 1.29-3.17)]. There was significant association between the number of risk events and current smoking [OR 1.22 (95%CI1.11-1.35)].

Conclusions

There was significant association between current smoking and combat experiences. Current smoking was strongly associated with current alcohol use. Prevalence of current smoking was less among military personnel than in the general population. Prevalence of smoking was significantly higher among Special Forces personnel.
Synthesis and evaluation of 2-chloro N-[(S)-{(S)-1-[11 C]methylpiperidin-2-yl} (phenyl)methyl]3-trifluoromethyl-benzamide ([11 C]N-methyl-SSR504734) as a PET radioligand for glycine transporter 1
Authors: Fuchigami Takeshi , Takano Akihiro , Gulyás Balázs , Jia Zhisheng , Finnema Sjoerd J , Andersson Jan D , Nakao Ryuji , Magata Yasuhiro , Haratake Mamoru , Nakayama Morio , Halldin Christer
Published: July 2012

Background

Dysfunction of the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) has been suggested to be involved in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. GlyT1 inhibitors have therefore been considered to have antipsychotic therapeutic potential. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probes for GlyT1 are, consequently, expected to be useful for investigating the mechanism of such disease conditions and for measuring occupancy of GlyT1 inhibitors in vivo. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of 2-chloro N-[(S)-{(S)-1-[11 C]methylpiperidin-2-yl} (phenyl)methyl] 3-trifluoromethyl-benzamide ([11 C]N-methyl-SSR504734) as a PET imaging agent for GlyT1.

Methods

[11 C]N-methyl-SSR504734 was synthesized by N-[11 C]methylation of SSR504734 via [11 C]CH3OTf. In vitro brain distribution of [11 C]N-methyl-SSR504734 was tested in whole-hemisphere autoradiography (ARG) on human brain slices. Initial PET studies were performed using a cynomolgus monkey at baseline and after pretreatment with 0.1 to 1.5 mg/kg of SSR504734. Then, PET studies using rhesus monkeys were performed with arterial blood sampling at baseline and after pretreatment with 1.5 to 4.5 mg/kg SSR504734. Distribution volumes (V
T) were calculated with a two-tissue compartment model, and GlyT1 occupancy by SSR504734 was estimated using a Lassen plot approach.

Results

[11 C]N-methyl-SSR504734 was successfully synthesized in moderate radiochemical yield and high specific radioactivity. In the ARG experiments, [11 C]N-methyl-SSR504734 showed specific binding in the white matter and pons. In the initial PET experiments in a cynomolgus monkey, [11 C]N-methyl-SSR504734 showed high brain uptake and consistent distribution with previously reported GlyT1 expression in vivo (thalamus, brainstem > cerebellum > cortical regions). However, the brain uptake increased after pretreatment with SSR504734. Further PET studies in rhesus monkeys showed a similar increase of brain uptake after pretreatment with SSR504734. However, the V
T of [11 C]N-methyl-SSR504734 was found to decrease after pretreatment of SSR504734 in a dose-dependent manner. GlyT1 occupancy was calculated to be 45% and 73% at 1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg of SSR504734, respectively.

Conclusions

[11 C]N-methyl-SSR504734 is demonstrated to be a promising PET radioligand for GlyT1 in nonhuman primates. The present results warrant further PET studies in human subjects.
Imaging of 3D electromagnetic data at low-induction numbers
Authors: Pérez-Flores Marco A. , Antonio-Carpio Ricardo G. , Gómez-Treviño E. , Ferguson Ian , Méndez-Delgado S.
Published: July 2012

We expressed electromagnetic measurements at low induction numbers as spatial averages of the subsurface electrical conductivity distribution and developed an algorithm for the recovery of the latter in terms of the former. The basis of our approach is an integral equation whose averaging kernel is independent of the conductivity distribution. That is, the recovery of conductivity from the measurements leads to a linear inverse problem. Previous work in one and two dimensions demonstrated that using a kernel independent of conductivity leads to reasonably good results in quantitative interpretations. This study extended the approach to 3D models and to data taken along several profiles over a given area. The algorithm handles vertical and horizontal magnetic dipoles with multiple separations for appropriate depth discrimination. The approximation also handles issues like negative conductivity measurements, which commonly appear when crossing near-surface conductors. This happens particularly when using vertical magnetic dipoles; whose averaging kernel has significant negative weights in the space between the dipoles, something that does not happen for the horizontal dipoles. In general, the more complex the kernel, the more complicated the signature of any given anomaly. This makes qualitative interpretations of pseudosections somewhat difficult when dealing with more than one conductive or resistive body. The algorithm was validated using synthetic data for imaging data from horizontal or vertical coils or from a combination of them. Imaging of field data from a mine tailings site recovered a shallow 3D conductive anomaly associated with the tailings.
A Guide to the Diagnosis of Learning Disabilities in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children and Adults
Authors: Morgan Ann , Vernon McCay
Published: July 2012

This article provides a guide to psychological tests and test procedures recommended for diagnosing learning disabilities in deaf and hard-of-hearing youth and adults. Tests are evaluated relative to their usefulness with deaf and hard-of-hearing persons in school and rehabilitation settings. These data provide the basis for recommendation of a battery of tests for use by school, vocational, and general psychologists in evaluating deaf and hard-of-hearing youth and adults for learning disabilities.
Deaf Children Reading Fables: Using ASL Summaries to Improve Reading Comprehension
Authors: Andrews Jean F. , Winograd Peter , DeVille Gayle
Published: July 2012

This study was a cooperative effort of two university-based reading educators and a reading teacher-librarian who is deaf. An intervention technique was designed based on studies emphasizing the importance of using American Sign Language (ASL) to build deaf children's background- knowledge before they read materials that support the learning of English. The teacher used the ASL summary technique; that is, she signed a summary of a fable in ASL without giving the moral lesson before having the students read the fable in printed English. "Retelling scores" were computed for seven deaf elementary school students who read some fables with the ASL intervention and read other fables without the intervention. The students' responses in telling the moral lesson of each fable were also scored. The data showed that the ASL summary technique increased the quantity and quality of the retelling scores; it also improved deaf readers' comprehension of the moral lessons of the fables. A description of the ASL summary technique and a discussion of its implications for teachers are provided.
The Role of Adaptability and Communication in Fostering Cohesion in Families with Deaf Adolescents
Authors: Kluwin Thomas N. , Gaustad Martha Gonter
Published: July 2012

The families of 325 adolescents enrolled in local public high schools throughout the United States were surveyed to assess the relationship between the communication modes used by families and family cohesion. Cohesion is defined here as the degree of emotional bonding among family members. In a path analysis, family cohesion was predicted by the mother's use of sign language. In turn, the child's degree of hearing loss and the child's mode of communication predicted the mother's use of sign language. Based on the use of the FACES (family adaptability and cohesion evaluation) inventory and a parent communication questionnaire, the authors conclude that mothers who sign tend to be more family oriented.
Psychoanalysis and Democracy
Authors: Kafka John S.
Published: July 2012

This paper deals not only with Freud and his psychoanalytic legacy but also with the author’s personal history as a refugee from Austria and its effects on his analytic thought and work. The difficulties of communication between those Austrians for whom the Nazi period represented an interruption of their usual existence and the victims whose lives were ruptured are discussed on a personal and a conceptual level. The meaning of the openness of the psychoanalytic process and of functioning democracy is explored. Although psychoanalysis and democracy must confront the denial of the past, both must function while recognizing the power of the irrational and the unconscious. Governments build monuments and organize memorial events. A focus on victims may not differentiate natural catastrophes from crimes committed by humans. By shifting attention away from the perpetrators, such memorials may be anti-memorials and serve organized amnesia.
Symptomatic Cases: Hysteria in the Supreme Court's Nude Dancing Decisions
Authors: Adler Amy
Published: July 2012

The Supreme Court's nude dancing cases—analyzing striptease as First Amendment "speech"—were sources of palpable unease for the Court. It seemed embarrassed, worried about its own authority, concerned about lapses in its logic. This article treats these lapses as symptoms that cry out for a diagnosis. The perplexing gaps in the opinions are understood as having been driven not by legal logic, but instead by fantasies and anxieties surrounding female sexuality. Associations between the nude dancer and the hysteric are deeply embedded in the cases and shaped the Court's reading. In fact, the cases ultimately become hysterical narratives in their own right, places where the Court displays and denies its own hysterical symptoms. By reading the cases as if they themselves were case studies on hysteria, a broader claim is made for rethinking our approach to reading law. Normally, we presume that First Amendment law is rational and objective, based on a continually evolving, often contested, set of legal principles. The present reinterpretation of the nude dancing cases, however, points toward a very different vision of the First Amendment, as a body of law that claims objectivity yet is steeped in unmentioned anxieties and fantasies.
Mourning, Owning, Owing
Authors: Reichman Ravit
Published: July 2012

This essay examines the relation between psychoanalysis and law by arguing that property is allied to trauma and lays a foundation for individuals and communities to recognize themselves in its wake. During the twentieth century, property became less a barometer of happiness or aspiration than an index of bereavement. Modernist fiction records property as a source of grief, disappointment, dispossession, and guilt. Against this backdrop, struggles over property can be grasped not as symptoms of aggressive instincts, as Freud maintains in Civilization and its Discontents, but as measures of loss along the lines described in "Mourning and Melancholia." Building on the connection between property and loss, the essay examines owning and owing, inheritance and indebtedness, in Walter Benjamin's "Unpacking My Library" and James Joyce's Ulysses. These texts illustrate how property can be understood both as a condition and a process. As a condition, it aims to freeze time and produce nostalgia, while as a dynamic and unpredictable process, it can inaugurate a narrative that resists the possibility of stasis and releases an emotional current not of nostalgia but of grief—and ultimately, indebtedness.
Punishing Guilt
Authors: Schmeiser Susan R
Published: July 2012

Although psychoanalytic insights have garnered some recognition in the criminal law, they have also encountered significant resistance. For instance, psychoanalysis has illuminated the prevalence and potency of guilt in psychic life, an insight that would seem germane to criminal processes intent on adjudicating culpability for antisocial behavior. Yet the psychoanalytic view of guilt potentially challenges the efficacy and legitimacy of legal mechanisms. This essay contemplates the question of interdisciplinary work in law and psychoanalysis by analyzing certain rare instances in American jurisprudence where courts have attempted to grapple with psychoanalytic understandings of guilt and the desire for punishment. These cases dramatize the deep tensions that exist between psychoanalytic and legal conceptions of human agency, tensions that also plague the efforts of psychoanalytically oriented reformers to revolutionize a penal system intent on punitive regulation.
Regulators on additive higher Chow groups
Authors: Park Jinhyun
Published: July 2012

As an attempt to understand motives over $k[x]/(x^m)$,
we define the cubical additive higher Chow groups with modulus for all
dimensions extending the works of S. Bloch, H. Esnault and K. R\"ulling
on $0$-dimensional cycles. We give an explicit construction of regulator
maps on the groups of $1$-cycles with an aid of the residue theory of A. Parshin
and V. Lomadze.
Some L 2 results for $\overline\partial$ on projective varieties with general singularities
Authors: Øvrelid Nils , Vassiliadou Sophia
Published: July 2012

Let $X$ be an irreducible $n$-dimensional projective variety in ${\Bbb C}P^N$
with arbitrary singular locus. We prove that the
$L^2$-$\overline\partial$-$(p,1)$-cohomology groups (with respect to the
Fubini-Study metric) of the regular part of $X$ are finite dimensional.
Représentations lisses p -tempérées des groupes p -adiques
Authors: Dat J.-F
Published: July 2012

We consider certain asymptotic properties of smooth $p$-adically valued functions
and representations of a $p$-adic reductive group $G$. First, we continue the
study of the so-called $p$-tempered and $p$-discrete representations, as defined
in a former paper, and apply this to get a classification of
"locally integral" representations, i.e., those representations such that for
any open compact subgroup $H$, the $H$-invariant subspace admits Hecke-invariant
lattices. Then we show that the space of square-integrable smooth functions, as
defined in the text, is an algebra under convolution to which the action of the
Hecke algebra on any $p$-tempered representation extends naturally. We formulate
a Plancherel-like formula but prove it only for $SL(2)$.
On the structure of the Hopf algebroid E ( n )* E ( n )
Authors: Johnson Keith
Published: July 2012

This paper is devoted to giving a description of E ( n )* E ( n ). Ravenel and Hopkins have studied a certain completion, F ( n ), of E ( n ) and have showed that F ( n )* F ( n ) contains a subalgebra isomorphic to C ( S n , A ), the algebra of continuous functions on the n th Morava stabilizer group taking values in the ring of integers in an unramified degree n extension of the p -adic numbers. They also show that this completion is split with respect to this subalgebra, i.e. F ( n )* F ( n ) ≅ C ( S n , A )⊗ A F ( n )*. We display an injection of E ( n )* E ( n ) into C ( S n × S n , A ) which extends to the Hopkins-Ravenel completion and identify the image of their subalgebra as the subalgebra of functions which are invariant under translation by elements of S n . Using this we give a formula for the coaction of C ( S n , A ) on E ( n )* and another proof of the Hopkins-Ravenel splitting theorem.
Free entropy with respect to a completely positive map
Authors: Shlyakhtenko Dimitri
Published: July 2012

Given an element X in a tracial von Neumann algebra ( M , τ), a unital subalgebra B ⊂ M , and a completely positive map η: B → B , we define the free Fisher information Φ*( X : B , η) of X relative to B with respect to η. The definition is a generalization of Voiculescu's definition of Φ*( X : B ), which corresponds to η = τ. We show that many facts about Φ*( X : B ) generalize to Φ*( X : B , η). As an application, we show that if B is commutative and X is singular with respect to B , then Φ*( X : B ) is infinite. Φ*( X : B , η) is minimized when X is a B -valued semicircular variable with covariance η. Therefore, Φ*(· : B , η) is an appropriate quantity to study B -valued semicircular systems with arbitrary covariance. Associating to a pair of completely positive maps μ, η: B → B the quantity Φ*( X μ : B , η), where X μ is a B -valued semicircular variable with covariance μ, allows us to measure "absolute continuity" of μ and η. To a completely positive map μ we can naturally associate the number Φ*( X μ : B , id). If μ is the conditional expectation onto a subfactor A ⊂ B of a II 1 factor B , we show that Φ*( X E : B , id) is equal to the Jones' index [ B ⊂ A ].
Equivariant higher analytic torsion and equivariant Euler characteristic
Authors: Bunke Ulrich
Published: July 2012

We show that J. Lott's equivariant higher analytic torsion only depends on the equivariant Euler characteristic. We give an explicit formula.
On the lower order terms of the asymptotic expansion of Tian-Yau-Zelditch
Authors: Lu Zhiqin
Published: July 2012

We compute the first three coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of Zelditch. We also prove that in general, the k th coefficient is a polynomial of the curvature and its derivative of weight k .
Testing analyticity on circles
Authors: Tumanov A
Published: July 2012

Consider a continuous one parameter family of circles in a complex plane that contains two circles lying in the exterior of one another. We prove that if a continuous function on the union of the circles extends holomorphically into each circle, then the function is holomorphic in the interior of the union of the circles.
Global regularity and scattering for general non-linear wave equations II. (4+1) dimensional Yang-Mills equations in the Lorentz gauge
Authors: Sterbenz Jacob
Published: July 2012

We continue here with previous investigations on the global behavior of general type nonlinear wave equations for a class of small, scale-invariant initial data. In particular, we show that the (4 + 1) dimensional Yang-Mills equations are globally well posed with asymptotically free behavior for a wide class of initial data sets which include general charges. The method here is based on the use of a new set of Strichartz estimates for the linear wave equation which incorporates extra weighted smoothness assumptions with respect to the angular variable, along with the construction of appropriate micro-local function spaces which take into account this type of additional regularity.
Seneca on Winds: The Art of Anemology in Natural Questions 5
Authors: Williams Gareth D
Published: July 2012

The familiar challenge of reconciling the scientific and moralizing aspects of Seneca's Natural Questions is here taken up in specific reference to Book 5—on winds. The familiar correlation drawn in Greco-Roman literature between wind and aspects of human character suggestively influences Seneca's procedure, in that his depiction of, for example, the uncontrolled violence of whirlwind offers an analogy for the human waywardness portrayed in the moralizing portions of the book. His broader systematization of the winds has important symbolic implications for moral limit and self-control at the human level. Seneca's experimental, highly "literary" mode of physico-moral investigation is thus to be distinguished from the narrower, more strictly technical focus that prevails earlier in the anemology tradition.
Pomona's pomarium : The "Mapping Impulse" in Metamorphoses 14 (and 9)
Authors: Lindheim Sara H.
Published: July 2012

Romans experience a dramatic shift in awareness about the physical space of their empire in the age of Augustus. More than simply apprehending the extent of the world that was theirs, Romans under Augustus exhibit a "mapping impulse," an urge for ordering space, demarcating empire, counting people and resources. The propensity for controlling space reverberates in all contexts of public life—political, social, cultural, economic. This paper explores a literary context of the Augustan cultural preoccupation with space, taking the story of Vertumnus and Pomona in Metamorphoses 14, together with the (connected) story of Iphis and Ianthe in Metamorphoses 9, as a case-study. I argue that these narratives too participate in the "mapping impulse," revealing in their fantasies about firmly delineated gender categories one literary instance of the concern with space, the desire for wholeness, order and fixed boundaries so pervasive under Augustus.
In Memory of Simonides: Poetry and Mnemotechnics chez Nasidienus
Authors: Marchesi Ilaria
Published: July 2012

This paper investigates the presence in Hor. Sat. 2.8 of a cluster of images alluding to the traditional depiction of Simonides as the poetic originator of the art of memory. In particular, it connects Fundanius' and Simonides' ability to recite the guest-lists of dinner parties they attended by recalling the position each diner occupied at the table. It also connects the incident of the canopy collapse with the far more tragic collapse of the dining-room ceiling in the traditional account of the invention of mnemotechnics. Finally, it suggests that the evocation of Simonides has a metapoetic dimension connected with Horace's account of his poetic formation and choices.
Gems, Metapoetics, and Value: Greek and Roman Responses to a Third-Century Discourse on Precious Stones
Authors: Petrain David
Published: July 2012

The recently published Milan papyrus opens with a striking sequence of epigrams devoted to stones. Its themes form the literary background for other ancient treatments of gemstones. An epigram from the papyrus itself and a poem by Phoenix of Colophon critique these themes from an ideological perspective. Maecenas, Augustus, and later Roman authors offer responses both moral and metapoetic. The new papyrus thus allows us to see in formerly isolated passages an ongoing engagement with the innovative subject matter of a third-century epigram collection.
How to End an Orally-Derived Epic Poem
Authors: Kelly Adrian
Published: July 2012

This article argues that the extant works of early Greek hexameter poetry reveal a consistent strategy of closure, one that is based around the manipulation of doublet structure. The discussion begins by examining this well-known compositional technique, specifically the 'increasing' doublet (ID) where a smaller element is placed directly before a larger one, and it aims to demonstrate the widespread distribution and variety of these doublets, as well as their common function: to encourage the audience to summon their memory of the first element, and so augment the importance of the current, larger one. Attention is then turned to the endings themselves, in order, of the Iliad, Odyssey, Works and Days, Theogony and Shield of Herakles. Employing the same type of retrospective aesthetic, the poets use a 'decreasing' doublet (DD) to emphasize the greater significance of the prior, larger element. By directing the audience to this disparity in scale, the poets discourage them from expecting continuation, and so signal the close of their texts.
New Thing? Gender and Sexuality in the Jazz Composers Guild
Authors: Piekut Benjamin
Published: July 2012

Trumpeter and composer Bill Dixon founded the Jazz Composers Guild in the fall of 1964. The organization included Cecil Taylor, Sun Ra, Paul and Carla Bley, Archie Shepp, Roswell Rudd, Burton Greene, and John Tchicai, among others. The Guild's short history was marked by conflict both within the organization and with other figures in the jazz underground, such as Amiri Baraka. Scholarship has explained these conflicts in terms of race and class, overlooking a hidden history of gender and sexuality that inflected relationships and conflicts in New York's avant-garde jazz scene. The article pays particular attention to Carla Bley's experiences in the group, and to the nonnormative sexual presentation of Taylor, whose presence seemed to disrupt the heteromasculine rhetoric of the Black Arts Movement. Drawing on interviews with members of the Guild, this article traces how gender and sexuality framed the discourse of free jazz in the 1960s.
Arthuria n Pagea nts in Twentieth-Century Britain
Authors: Simpson Roger
Published: July 2012

Despite their apparent lack of historicity, adaptations of the Arthurian legends played a significant role within British historical pageants in the twentieth century. (RS)
Making Medicines in the Early Modern Household
Authors: Leong Elaine
Published: July 2012

This article is a study of household medicine production and consumption through an examination of the papers of Elizabeth Freke (1641-1714) and a wider survey of around nine thousand medical recipes in printed and manuscript collections from seventeenth-century England. It investigates the sorts of medicines that may have been produced in early modern households and the production methods, ingredients, and equipment used. Focusing on three inventories of medicines compiled by Freke between 1710 and 1712 as well as her manuscript recipe collection and medical reading notes, I contend that she kept on hand a number of cure-alls and medicines for general weaknesses, while holding onto recipes for more-specific ailments; the recipes, in these cases, would be the "just-in-case" medicine cabinet. I also argue for a close relationship between commercial and domestic medicine, and present the idea that household practitioners purchased not only ingredients (both processed and unprocessed) and equipment, but also medical knowledge.
Owning Memory: Elizabeth Bishop’s Authorial Restraint
Authors: Hoff Ann K.
Published: July 2012

This essay examines the restraint Elizabeth Bishop exerts over her readers. By limiting readers to the exterior of her memories, Bishop places them in the same untenable positions she was in as a child. Through careful withholding, Bishop maintains ownership over her autobiography and keeps her life’s stories infused with possibility—like pictures of tantalizing, foreign lands.
Bold Beginnings: Cambodian Children's Publishing Finds its Feet
Authors: Coghlan Susanna
Published: July 2012

A country finding its feet after decades of strife and war, Cambodia has a fragile but growing publishing industry. Children's publishing is in its infancy and heavily influenced by moral and educational considerations. Susanna Coghlan brings us a fascinating account of a country in the early stages of developing a children's literature
The Big Picture
Authors: Bird Viv , Solomon Katherine
Published: July 2012

The Big Picture, organised by Booktrust, the main British organisation that promotes children's books, is a campaign to promote picturebooks and picturebook artists. A central activity of the campaign is an unusual kind of award: the Ten Best New Illustrators for children (plus two highly commended illustrators) were selected by a panel of picturebook experts and enthusiasts, and the work of these selected illustrators is at the heart of the campaign
Lagerlöf's Legacy: A Hundred Years of Writing the Nation
Authors: Sundmark Björn
Published: July 2012

How can it be that an early 20th-century classic Swedish children's text deals with such up-to-the-minute 21st-century concerns as the importance of preventing ecological disaster? Björn Sundmark's reading of The Wonderful Adventures of Nils in light of the work of Peter Kemp on citizenship of the world also looks at new interpretations of this classic book and identifies its true heir not in Sweden but in Denmark
Promoting International Children’s Book Day
Authors: Bengtsson Niklas
Published: July 2012

International Children’s Book Day is celebrated each year on (or around) Hans Christian Andersen’s birthday, 2 April, to call attention to children’s books and inspire a love of reading in children all over the world. Niklas Bengtsson traces the history of ICBD and comes up with some ideas to help national sections to promote ICBD in their own countries
From Victory to Victimization: The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) as Depicted in Chinese Youth Literature
Authors: Chen Minjie
Published: July 2012

This article considers what information has been available to Chinese youth regarding the Sino-Japanese War and the hotly contested topic of Japanese war crimes. How have these subjects been represented in Chinese youth literature, particularly in the format of lian huan hua, published in post-1949 mainland China ruled by the Communist Party? Minjie Chen analyzes the way violence and trauma is depicted in these texts and images for young readers.
Peace and Peacemakers in Books for Children
Authors: Saxena Ira
Published: July 2012

This Indian author writes about her own experiences as a child growing up in a country struggling for freedom, her work as a writer within that context, and about peacemakers like Gandhi and how they are depicted in books for children.
Her Ways with Pictures and Words: An Interview with Marie-Louise Gay
Authors: Leigh S. Rebecca
Published: July 2012

Marie-Louise Gay is one of Canada’s premier authors and illustrators of children’s books, with more than sixty books to her credit. Here, she agrees to an interview about her work, her process, and her views about the children’s book publishing arena.
From Mantua to Madrid: The License of Desire in Giulio Romano, Correggio and Lope de Vega's El castigo sin venganza
Authors: De Armas Frederick A.
Published: July 2012

This essay focuses on Lope de Vega's strangely problematic
tragedy El castigo sin venganza (1631) and the reasons for possible
censorship. In order to better understand the play's political mysteries,
it will be argued that the Italian setting (Ferrara) both hides and
reveals the actual location of the action: the city of Mantua. The
appearance in the play of the Gonzagas, the ruling family of
Mantua, confirms this and sets the action at the time of the War of
Mantuan Succession (1628-30). The war had been triggered by the
death of the last of Vincenzo, who died without an heir. While this
moment marked Spain's declining influence in Italy, the naming of
a Gonzaga as first Duke of Mantua a century earlier by Charles V
stands as the pinnacle of Spanish influence and the moment of
greatest artistic flowering in Mantua. In a doubling of history, both
of these moments are presented in the play. While the latter foregrounds
Spain's defeat, the earlier one allows the spectator to transform
mythological allusions into artistic canvases by Correggio and
Giulio Romano. These ekphrases form a permissive museum of
pagan sensuality in which the main characters of the play mirror
themselves. While Correggio's Ganymede and Giulio Romano's
decorations for the permissive Palazzo del Te, where Federigo
Gonzaga feasted with his mistress, reflect the forbidden sexualities
at play, Giulio's Hall of Giants seems to lash out against license, as
Jupiter tries to contain those that threaten his heavenly Court. The
bloody denouement, although seeming to delimit the zones of licit
desire, actually problematizes the relationship between eros and
power, thus enriching the images with a deeper textuality. Lope's is
indeed a play that storms the walls of heaven, of the Court, as it
searches for a new erotic and political freedom to say and picture
that which was forbidden. (FAD)
Patriotism and Revolt: Uncovering the Portuguese in Ângela de Azevedo
Authors: Wade Jonathan
Published: July 2012

Portuguese authors published widely in Spanish during the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries, especially during the Spanish
occupation from 1580 to 1640. As the literary language of prestige,
Spanish offered them avenues of fame and wealth that were not
available otherwise. While most Portuguese writers abandoned their
native tongue at one time or another to write in Spanish, not all did
so in order to conform to the wave of castilianization absorbing the
peninsula. Ângela de Azevedo, for one, used her Spanish proficiency
to glorify Portugal and perpetuate its cultural heritage abroad.
The setting, characterization, and language in each of Azevedo's
comedias clearly establish a strong sense of patriotism and revolt
within her works. Discovering the relationship between Azevedo's
Portuguese identity and the content of her plays not only promotes
a better understanding of the dramatist and her works, but also
advances the important correlation between language, nationality,
and literature. (JWW)
"Something Very Old and Very Slow": Coraline , Uncanniness, and Narrative Form
Authors: Gooding Richard
Published: July 2012

While early reviews emphasized Coraline 's gothic qualities and expressed reservations about the appropriateness of the book for young readers, Neil Gaiman contended that children were impervious to his novel's frightening elements. This paper argues that although categorical claims about children's readerly responses are problematic, the uncanny elements of Gaiman's novel open up the possibility of theorizing a double readership. It further contends that Coraline's varied responses to the uncanny disclose her psychological development and that Gaiman's technical innovations to the narrative pattern he inherits from Carroll allow for a particularly nuanced treatment of the psychological costs of maturation.
Aliens in the Landscape: Maori Space and European Time in Margaret Mahy's Fiction
Authors: Winters Sarah Fiona
Published: July 2012

Margaret Mahy's The Tricksters (1986), Aliens in the Family (1986), Memory (1987) and Kaitangata Twitch (2005) equate the experience of being an adolescent with the experience of being a Pakeha, a New-Zealander of European descent. They do so by making the Pakeha adolescent a chronotope of Maori space and European time. Mahy uses the fluidity of adolescence to destabilize expectations about race as self-contained and complete, and the fluidity of Pakeha identity to destabilize expectations about the boundaries between child and adult.
Meet Ivy and Bean, Queerly the Anti-American Girls
Authors: Miskec Jennifer M.
Published: July 2012

This article considers the queer world of Sophie Barrows’s Ivy and Bean series against the normalizing world of the American Girl series. Although both are a series of short chapter books about precocious young girls and their friends, often depicted in moments of play, and both are marketed to a young female readership, the ideologies that underpin the Ivy and Bean books make this new early reader series fundamentally different from and much more transgressive than the American Girl series, especially regarding gender.
Comedy and the Satyr-Chorus
Authors: Dobrov Gregory W.
Published: July 2012

Despite a superficial kinship, Old Comedy and satyr-play avoid each other. Tragedy has extensive ties with both. Comedy engages tragedy but systematically ignores satyr-play. This "firewall" is documented across the entire comic corpus (e.g., Cratinus' Dionysalexandros). The "hauling scene" in Aristophanes' Peace emerges as the unique exception. Here comedy reproduces a visual from Sophocles' satyr-play Pandora (Sphyrokopoi). Comedy needs to invoke the primordial world of satyr-play that is uniquely relevant to a scene representing the utopian heuresis of peace by a pan-Hellenic discovery team. The two genres located at opposite ends of a political-cultural polarity uniquely cooperate in Peace.
Socrates on Trial: Strategies for Teaching
Authors: Silvermintz Daniel
Published: July 2012

This article describes how Socrates' trial can be used as the basis for a segment on ancient Greek thought in courses devoted to Western civilization. Specific exercises are detailed for presenting the ideas of the pre-Socratic scientists, the sophists, and Plato to show their contemporary relevance and to engage students as active learners. These preliminary exercises culminate in a mock trial based on the case of Athens vs. Socrates. An extensive bibliography is provided of secondary literature relevant to Socrates' trial and to Athenian legal procedures.
Calculating the Limits of Poetic License: Fictional Narrative and the History of Mathematics
Authors: Corry Leo
Published: July 2012

This essay seeks to clarify the role played by poetic license in the triangular relationship involving mathematics, the history of mathematics, and mathematics in fiction. This relationship can be analyzed, in the first place, from the perspective offered by the well-known Aristotelian distinction between “history” and “poetry.” It can also be analyzed from the point of view of the kind of language typically used in texts produced in each of these realms, or, alternatively, from the point of view of the nature of their expected audiences. It will be seen, however, that the most illuminating perspective for this analysis is the one related to the kind of attitude that is expected from the reader in each case, whether critical or based on a suspension of disbelief. To the considerations that pertain to this latter perspective when it comes to texts of any kind, the peculiarities of mathematical texts add some unique twists.
The Acme Novelty Library: Comic Books, Repetition, and the Return of the New
Authors: Thurtle Phillip , Mitchell Robert
Published: July 2012

While some critics have sought to explain the role of disasters in entertainment media by making recourse to the concept of fantasy, we suggest a different approach. Focusing on superhero comic books, we outline what we call a “logic of the anomalous.” We argue that comic books foreshadow disasters by allowing readers to explore the consequences of anomalies that emerge from differences in the scales of an industrialized society on the one hand, and the scales of embodied experience on the other. Comic books thus act as a database, or novelty library, of extreme or novel experiences, one that allows its users to explore the potentials inherent in the complexity of industrialized societies. This approach to comic books allows us to coordinate three research traditions—political economic analysis; a phenomenologically oriented tradition of media theory; and science and technology studies—to explain the constitutive role of novelty, repetition, and fantasy in contemporary society.
Moral Agendas for Genomics: How to Find the Blind Spots?
Authors: van der Weele Cor
Published: July 2012

In evaluating patterns of attention, the hard part is to identify blind spots. This essay focuses on the moral agenda for genomics, arguing that this agenda is framed differently through different metaphors on the relation between science and society. It is argued that moral agendas on genomics are dominated by the ELSI (Ethical, Legal and Social Implications) frame, that a global ethics framing deserves more prominence, and that the frames need one another for the identification of blind spots.
Modernity, Cosmopolitanism, and the Emergence of Middle Classes in Tonga
Authors: Besnier Niko
Published: July 2012

The formation of social classes in Pacific Islands societies and in their diasporas continues to raise theoretical questions about the nature of social classes and their relationship to prior forms of social organization. In Tonga, middle classes both reproduce aspects of the older rank-based system with which they continue to coexist and innovate new forms of acting and being, many of which emerged with the diasporic explosion of the society. While "middle-classness" is fragile and shifting, it is constituted by four important characteristics: an intense awareness of the extralocal; a valorization of consumption; multiple modes of livelihood; and the commoditization of structures of reciprocity. These characteristics form a basis for comparison of Tongan middle classes with non–middle classes locally and with middle classes in other societies of the Pacific and beyond.
Sustainability of the Kava Trade
Authors: Pollock Nancy J.
Published: July 2012

Sustainability of trade in kava, which was severely compromised by a 2002 ban on exports from Pacific Islands to European pharmaceutical companies, has reached a new phase. Exporters vigorously fought the ban, imposed as a result of claims that kava pills, sold as herbal remedies for reducing anxiety, sleeplessness, and depression, were toxic to the liver of individuals who took them. Concerted reaction by Pacific interests such as the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat led to the formation of the International Kava Executive Committee, which sought ways to get the ban lifted. A 2007 World Health Organization report found that the process of manufacturing the pills was more likely to be toxic to some pill takers than the kavalactones drunk in traditional beverages; quality control and changing the manufacturing process could allow exports of kava to Europe to resume. Meanwhile, alternative outlets for sales of kava have been growing, which may help to sustain the kava trade and provide an income for farmers. Expanding Pacific Islander communities in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States are using kava to maintain identity ties to their homelands, such as Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, and Pohnpei. In parallel, sales of kava within local communities are increasing through markets, nakamal , and kava cafes, and Web sites promote the product. These tracks for sustaining kava trade will need further development throughout the Pacific region, and beyond.
Girard and Levinas, Cain and Abel, Mimesis and the Face
Authors: Duyndam Joachim
Published: July 2012

Genesis 4: [1] Adam lay with his wife Eve, and she became pregnant and gave birth to Cain. She said, “With the help of the Lord I have brought forth a man.” [2] Later she gave birth to his brother Abel. Now Abel kept flocks, and Cain worked the soil. [3] In the course of time Cain brought some of the fruits of the soil as an offering to the Lord. [4] But Abel brought fat portions from some of the firstborn of his flock. The Lord looked with favor on Abel and his offering, [5] but on Cain and his offering he did not look with favor. So Cain was very angry, and his face was downcast. [6] Then the Lord said to Cain, “Why are you angry? Why is your face downcast? [7] If you do what is right, will you not be accepted? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at your door; it desires to have you, but you must master it.” [8] Now Cain said to his brother Abel, “Let’s go out to the field.” And while they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him. [9] Then the Lord said to Cain, “Where is your brother Abel?” “I don’t know,” he replied. “Am I my brother’s keeper?” [10] The Lord said, “What have you done? Listen! Your brother’s blood cries out to me from the ground. [11] Now you are under a curse and driven from the ground, which opened its mouth to receive your brot her’s blood from your hand. [12] When you work the ground, it will no longer yield its crops for you. You will be a restless wanderer on the earth.”