bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical control of multiple resistance levels in graphene for memristic applications
Authors: Mann Harsimran Kaur , Mondal Mainak , Sah Vivek , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Singh Akshay , Bid Aveek
Published: October 2024

Neuromorphic computing has emphasized the need for memristors with non-volatile, multiple conductance levels. This paper demonstrates the potential of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/graphene heterostructures to act as memristors with multiple resistance states that can be optically tuned using visible light. The number of resistance levels in graphene can be controlled by modulating doping levels, achieved by varying the electric field strength or adjusting the duration of optical illumination. Our measurements show that this photodoping of graphene results from the optical excitation of charge carriers from the nitrogen-vacancy levels of hBN to its conduction band, with these carriers then being transferred to graphene by the gate-induced electric field. We develop a qualitative model to describe our observations. Additionally, utilizing our device architecture, we propose a memristive crossbar array for vector-matrix multiplications.
Fractional quantum Hall phases in high-mobility n-type molybdenum disulfide transistors
Authors: Zhao Siwen , Huang Jinqiang , Crépel Valentin , Xiong Zhiren , Wu Xingguang , Zhang Tongyao , Wang Hanwen , Han Xiangyan , Li Zhengyu , Xi Chuanying , Pan Senyang , Wang Zhaosheng , Kuang Guangli , Luo Jun , Shen Qinxin , Yang Jie , Zhou Rui , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Sacépé Benjamin , Zhang Jing , Wang Ning , Lu Jianming , Regnault Nicolas , Han Zheng Vitto
Published: October 2024

Transistors based on semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides can, in theory, offer high carrier mobilities, strong spin–orbit coupling and inherently strong electronic interactions at the quantum ground states. This makes them well suited for use in nanoelectronics at low temperatures. However, creating robust ohmic contacts to transition metal dichalcogenide layers at cryogenic temperatures is difficult. As a result, it is not possible to reach the quantum limit at which the Fermi level is close to the band edge and thus probe electron correlations in the fractionally filled Landau-level regime. Here we show that ohmic contacts to n-type molybdenum disulfide can be created over a temperature range from millikelvins to 300 K using a window-contacted technique. We observe field-effect mobilities of over 100,000 cm2 V−1 s−1 and quantum mobilities of over 3,000 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the conduction band at low temperatures. We also report evidence for fractional quantum Hall states at filling fractions of 4/5 and 2/5 in the lowest Landau levels of bilayer molybdenum disulfide.
Biomolecular analysis of the Epigravettian human remains from Riparo Tagliente in northern Italy
Authors: Yavuz Orhan Efe , Oxilia Gregorio , Silvestrini Sara , Tassoni Laura , Reiter Ella , Drucker Dorothée G. , Talamo Sahra , Fontana Federica , Benazzi Stefano , Posth Cosimo
Published: October 2024

The Epigravettian human remains from Riparo Tagliente in northern Italy represent some of the earliest evidence of human occupation in the southern Alpine slopes after the Last Glacial Maximum. Genomic analyses of the 17,000-year-old Tagliente 2 mandible revealed the oldest presence of a genetic profile with affinities to the Near East in the Italian peninsula, which later became the most widespread hunter-gatherer ancestry across Europe. However, a comparable biomolecular characterization of the Tagliente 1 burial remains unavailable, preventing us from defining its biological relationships with Tagliente 2. Here, we apply paleogenomic, isotopic, and radiocarbon dating analyses on a femur fragment of Tagliente 1 and compare the reconstructed data with previously reported results from Tagliente 2. Despite their different isotopic signatures and non-overlapping radiocarbon dates, we reveal that the two human remains belong to the same male individual. We determine that the distinct isotopic values can be explained by different dietary practices during lifetime, whereas the non-overlapping radiocarbon dates can be caused by minimal radiocarbon contamination, possibly deriving from chemical treatments for conservation purposes. These findings highlight the importance of interdisciplinary biomolecular studies in offering new perspectives on the Palaeolithic fossil record and addressing long-standing bioarchaeological questions.
Multiomic analysis of familial adenomatous polyposis reveals molecular pathways associated with early tumorigenesis
Authors: Esplin Edward D. , Hanson Casey , Wu Si , Horning Aaron M. , Barapour Nasim , Nevins Stephanie A. , Jiang Lihua , Contrepois Kévin , Lee Hayan , Guha Tuhin K. , Hu Zheng , Laquindanum Rozelle , Mills Meredith A. , Chaib Hassan , Chiu Roxanne , Jian Ruiqi , Chan Joanne , Ellenberger Mathew , Becker Winston R. , Bahmani Bahareh , Khan Aziz , Michael Basil , Weimer Annika K. , Esplin D. Glen , Shen Jeanne , Lancaster Samuel , Monte Emma , Karathanos Thomas V. , Ladabaum Uri , Longacre Teri A. , Kundaje Anshul , Curtis Christina , Greenleaf William J. , Ford James M. , Snyder Michael P.
Published: October 2024

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a genetic disease causing hundreds of premalignant polyps in affected persons and is an ideal model to study transitions of early precancer states to colorectal cancer (CRC). We performed deep multiomic profiling of 93 samples, including normal mucosa, benign polyps and dysplastic polyps, from six persons with FAP. Transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and lipidomic analyses revealed a dynamic choreography of thousands of molecular and cellular events that occur during precancerous transitions toward cancer formation. These involve processes such as cell proliferation, immune response, metabolic alterations (including amino acids and lipids), hormones and extracellular matrix proteins. Interestingly, activation of the arachidonic acid pathway was found to occur early in hyperplasia; this pathway is targeted by aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a preventative treatment under investigation in persons with FAP. Overall, our results reveal key genomic, cellular and molecular events during the earliest steps in CRC formation and potential mechanisms of pharmaceutical prophylaxis.
Untethered bistable origami crawler for confined applications
Authors: Cai Catherine Jiayi , Huang Hui , Ren Hongliang
Published: October 2024

Magnetically actuated miniature origami crawlers are capable of robust locomotion in confined environments but are limited to passive functionalities. Here, we propose a bistable origami crawler that can shape-morph to access two separate regimes of folding degrees of freedom that are separated by an energy barrier. Using the modified bistable V-fold origami crease pattern as the fundamental unit of the crawler, we incorporated internal permanent magnets to enable untethered shape-morphing. By modulating the orientation of the external magnetic field, the crawler can reconfigure between an undeployed locomotion state and a deployed load-bearing state. In the undeployed state, the crawler can deform to enable out-of-plane crawling for robust bi-directional locomotion and navigation in confined environments based on friction anisotropy. In the deployed state, the crawler can execute microneedle insertion in confined environments. Through this work, we demonstrated the advantage of incorporating bistability into origami mechanisms to expand their capabilities in space-constraint applications.
Digoxin detection for therapeutic drug monitoring using target-triggered aptamer hairpin switch and nicking enzyme-assisted signal amplification
Authors: Lin Yu-Ting , Liou Jing-Ru , Liang Hsin-Hua , Lin Yi-Hui , Chen Yen-Ling
Published: October 2024

A fluorescent aptasensor coupled with target-triggered aptamer hairpin switch and nicking enzyme-assisted signal amplification for digoxin detection in plasma for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Charge-transfer host–guest complexes based on pillar[n]arenes and quinonoid compounds for near-infrared photothermal conversion
Authors: Wang Aopu , Zhao Xueru , Zhang Hui , Ding Yanjun , Xue Min , Shao Li
Published: October 2024

The host–guest complexation between perethylated pillar[n]arenes and quinonoid compounds are investigated. The resulting host–guest cocrystals demonstrate remarkable near-infrared photothermal conversion properties.
Flexible control of Co/Zn–nitrogen coordination in ZIFs for electrochemical CO2 reduction to tunable syngas
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Yuan Ning
Published: October 2024

Bimetallic CoxZny-ZIF catalysts were synthesized with adjustable Co/Zn–nitrogen sites for the electrochemical CO2RR to tunable syngas, resulting in a H2/CO ratio ranging from 1 : 1 to 4 : 1.
Chemical oxidation of a double-twisted nanographene
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Chaolumen
Published: October 2024

A dicationic double-twisted nanographene exhibited an intense NIR-II absorption band tailing to 1500 nm as well as a high dissymmetry factor of −2.09% at 1443 nm.
Ultrafast photochemical processes in 1,2-dichloroethene measured with a universal XUV probe
Authors: McGhee Henry G. , Thompson Henry J. , Thompson James , Zhang Yu , Wyatt Adam S. , Springate Emma , Chapman Richard T. , Horke Daniel A. , Minns Russell S. , Ingle Rebecca A. , Parkes Michael A.
Published: October 2024

The presence of two chlorine atoms in 1,2-dichloroethene allows for isomerization around the double bond. This is probed using ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy.
A hydrogen passivation strategy for the electrocatalytic chlorine evolution reaction on metal–organic frameworks: a theoretical insight
Authors: Fan Jiake , Yang Lei , Li Hui , Sun Zijian , Mei Mengyun , Zhu Weihua
Published: October 2024

The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a crucial solution for treating chlorine-containing wastewater, a type of wastewater generated during the chemical production process.
The molecular mechanism of the triplet state formation in bodipy-phenoxazine photosensitizer dyads confirmed by ab initio prediction of the spin polarization
Authors: Kosaka Maria , Miyokawa Katsuki , Kurashige Yuki
Published: October 2024

Quantum chemical calculations revealed the molecular mechanism of the formation of the triplet transient species of photosensitizer dyads, and successfully predicted the ZFS tensor to compare with the previous TR-EPR.
A review on the role of nanotechnological interventions in sequestration, mitigation and value-added product conversion of micro-/nanoplastics
Authors: Das Jasasmita , Yadav Emansi , Poluri Krishna Mohan
Published: October 2024

The buildup of microplastics (MPs)/nanoplastics (NPs) in the aquatic biota has sparked concern owing to their negative consequences on human health and the environment, making it a global issue in recent years.
Ergothioneine improves cognitive function by ameliorating mitochondrial damage and decreasing neuroinflammation in a d-galactose-induced aging model
Authors: Chen Fangyang , Wang Botao , Sun Xin , Wang Yage , Wang Ruiyan , Li Kaikai
Published: October 2024

EGT intervention significantly improved d-galactose induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial function, resulting in the alleviation of memory injury.
Review of carbon-based catalysts for electrochemical nitrate reduction and green ammonia synthesis
Authors: Liao Guanting , Smith Jr. Richard L. , Guo Haixin , Qi Xinhua
Published: October 2024

This work aims to review the latest developments in carbon-based electrocatalysts applied in electrocatalytic nitrate reduction, including pure carbon materials, heteroatom doping or metal-bonding catalysts, and carbon substrate-supported composites.
Dinuclear platinum(ii) complexes featuring rigidly linked Pt(NCN)X units: the effect of X = SCN− in favouring low-energy, excimer-like luminescence
Authors: Salthouse Rebecca J. , Dikova Yana M. , Etherington Marc K. , Williams J. A. Gareth
Published: October 2024

In tweezer-like dinuclear platinum(ii) complexes, the exchange of the chloride ligand for thiocyanate promotes interfacial interactions, leading to low-energy emission.
Controllable synthesis of vertically aligned WO3 nanoplate arrays on stainless steel for improved visible-light photoelectrocatalytic activity
Authors: Lei Rui , Guo Guanan , Ye Lanlan , Liu Na , Li Minglu , Yu Shiyu , Liu Lei , Li Qinyu , Zhou Weiningjing , Fei Zaijiao
Published: October 2024

Vertically aligned WO3 nanoplate films were synthesized on stainless steel (SS) via a simple hydrothermal method.
Bifunctional electrocatalytic hybrid heterostructures for polysulfide anchoring/conversion for a stable lithium–sulfur battery
Authors: Kaliyaperumal Sakthivel , Sarigamala Karthik Kiran , Moorthy Padmini , Ramachandran Balaji , Chandrasekar Narendhar , Albrecht Tim
Published: October 2024

In situ phase engineering of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) based hybrid heterostructures with controlled sulfur vacancies offers a promising strategy for superior-performance lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries.
Exploring spin multiplicity in MoS2
Authors: Khamrui Sudipta , Bharti Kamini , Goldfarb Daniella , Das Tilak , Banerjee Debamalya
Published: October 2024

We have identified intrinsic high-spin paramagnetic defects in MoS2 nanocrystals and measured their spin dynamics, which have not been reported so far.
In vitro osteogenic and in ovo angiogenic effects of a family of natural origin P2O5-free bioactive glasses
Authors: Nikody Martyna , Kessels Lilian , Morejón Lizette , Schumacher Matthias , Wolfs Tim G. A. M. , Rademakers Timo , Delgado José A. , Habibovic Pamela , Moroni Lorenzo , Balmayor Elizabeth R.
Published: October 2024

A natural-origin bioactive glass' ionic composition, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties correlate with the silica sand raw material deposit depth.
Boron-doped scandium clusters B@Scn−1−/0/+ with n = 2–13: uncovering the smallest endohedrally doped cages
Authors: Nguyen-Ha Bao-Ngan , Tam Nguyen Minh , Pham-Ho My Phuong , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: October 2024

A comprehensive study using density functional theory investigates the pure Scn+/0/− and doped Scn−1B+/0/− clusters with n = 1–13 in three charged states: the smallest endohedrally doped cages.
Sustainable regeneration of a spent layered lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode from a scrapped lithium-ion battery
Authors: Jin Yachao , Qu Xijun , Ju Liyun , Zhou Zihao , Sun Weijian , Song Li , Zhang Mingdao
Published: October 2024

Direct regeneration, representing the most advanced technique, is capable of healing spent cathodes under nondestructive condition. This review aims at pushing forward the technical progress of direct regeneration for spent LiNixCoyMnzO2 cathodes.
Electrode–electrolyte interphases in lithium-based rechargeable batteries with ionic liquid electrolytes: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: He Taohong , Han Yushan , Shi Bofang , Wang Jianan , Yang Honghui
Published: October 2024

The characteristics of interphase formation between ionic liquid-based electrolytes and various electrodes are reviewed to support the development of improved electrolyte designs for lithium-based batteries.
Expression of concern: Surface modification engineering of two-dimensional titanium carbide for efficient synergistic multitherapy of breast cancer
Authors: Bai Lei , Yi Wenhui , Sun Taiyang , Tian Yilong , Zhang Ping , Si Jinhai , Hou Xun , Hou Jin
Published: October 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Surface modification engineering of two-dimensional titanium carbide for efficient synergistic multitherapy of breast cancer’ by Lei Bai et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2020, 8, 6402–6417, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB01084G.
Synthesis and electron-transporting properties of phenazine bisimides
Authors: Tajima Keita , Moribe Taito , Matsuo Kyohei , Yamada Hiroko , Seki Shu , Yokokura Seiya , Shimada Toshihiro , Fukui Norihito , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

We have applied the dual incorporation of imide substituents and imine-type nitrogen atoms to anthracene, and thus synthesized phenazine bisimide. The structure–property relationship of this design strategy was systematically investigated.
A pectin-based artificial nociceptor enabling actual tactile perception
Authors: Zhou Linqing , Wei Junqing , Li Zewen , Lan Kuibo , Qin Guoxuan , Wang Fang , Zhang Kailiang
Published: October 2024

This work focuses on biocompatible material-pectin based artificial nociceptor design, successfully mimicking four basic pain perception characteristics and validating tactile perception functions by constructing a tactile sensing system.
Progress towards understanding risk factor mechanisms in the development of autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Bryers Amelia , Hawkes Cheryl A. , Parkin Edward , Dawson Neil
Published: October 2024

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogenous set of syndromes characterised by social impairment and cognitive symptoms. Currently, there are limited treatment options available to help people with ASD manage their symptoms. Understanding the biological mechanisms that result in ASD diagnosis and symptomatology is an essential step in developing new interventional strategies. Human genetic studies have identified common gene variants of small effect and rare risk genes and copy number variants (CNVs) that substantially increase the risk of developing ASD. Reverse translational studies using rodent models based on these genetic variants provide new insight into the biological basis of ASD. Here we review recent findings from three ASD associated CNV mouse models (16p11.2, 2p16.3 and 22q11.2 deletion) that show behavioural and cognitive phenotypes relevant to ASD. These models have identified disturbed excitation-inhibition neurotransmitter balance, evidenced by dysfunctional glutamate and GABA signalling, as a key aetiological mechanism. These models also provide emerging evidence for serotoninergic neurotransmitter system dysfunction, although more work is needed to clarify the nature of this. At the brain network level, prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunctional connectivity is also evident across these models, supporting disturbed PFC function as a key nexus in ASD aetiology. Overall, published data highlight the utility and valuable insight gained into ASD aetiology from preclinical CNV mouse models. These have identified key aetiological mechanisms that represent putative novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of ASD symptoms, making them useful translational models for future drug discovery, development and validation.
A high robust control scheme of grid‐side converter for DFIG system
Authors: Shi Shuqi , Liu Zongze , Ren Long , Tang Hongwei , Song Dongran
Published: October 2024

In this study, a high robust control—second‐order sliding‐mode control (SOSMC) scheme is proposed to improve the DC‐link voltage dynamic performance of the grid‐side converter (GSC) for the doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) system under the wind turbine power disturbance and DC‐link capacitance parameter disturbance. In general, the wind speed is change with the environment and further has an effect on the power generation of the DFIG system. Besides, the capacitance of DC‐link capacitor may change with the working condition. To address this issue, a SOSMC scheme is proposed to replace the conventional proportional integral (PI) control for the DC‐link voltage controller of the GSC for the DFIG system in this study. By using the non‐linear SOSMC controller, the DFIG system is robust to the disturbance of the wind speed and the parameter of DC‐link capacitance. Compared with the conventional PI control scheme, the DFIG system with the proposed SOSMC scheme is much more robust, which has been verified in the MATLAB/Simulink platform.
Robust network topology for unbalanced active distribution networks with uncertain injections
Authors: Paul Sanat Kumar , Mohapatra Abheejeet , Chandra Das Dulal
Published: October 2024

This research paper introduces a comprehensive formulation for robust dynamic network reconfiguration (NR) of unbalanced active electric distribution networks (DNs). Network reconfiguration is a potent strategy to minimise active power loss in DN as it involves altering network topology through sectionalising (normally closed) and tie‐line switches (normally open). However, NR is usually a mixed integer NP‐hard non‐linear optimisation problem due to the discrete nature of the switches. Hence, including variable injection uncertainties (from generation or load) for an unbalanced active DN with all its attributes further poses a significant challenge in solving NR. The proposed formulation addresses these challenges in a robust optimisation (RO) framework to get a robust topology and power and voltage set points for dispatchable Distributed Generators (DGs). Also, Chance‐Constrained robust formulations are proposed to regulate the conservatism of RO. Numerical analyses demonstrate the impact of conservative robust NR on DG set points compared to the non‐robust NR method. Tests on a modified unbalanced IEEE 34‐bus system and comparison with previous formulations verify the efficacy of the proposed approach, showcasing its effectiveness.
Hyperparameter free sparse estimation for wideband multiple‐input‐multiple‐output radar direction finding without secondary data
Authors: Xiao Jiong , Tang Bo
Published: October 2024

The estimation of target directions of arrival (DOA) for wideband multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) radar is investigated in this article. First, the authors establish a signal model for wideband MIMO radar systems. Then, an algorithm is proposed to estimate the target angles without secondary data (i.e. the training data from slow‐time is not required).The proposed algorithm unitises the spatial sparsity of target signals and it is derived under the Bayesian framework. It can estimate the spatial pseudo‐spectra of the targets through cyclic optimisation. Additionally, it is hyperparameter‐free and guarantees convergence. To analyse the performance of the proposed algorithm, the Cramér‐Rao bound (CRB) is derived for DOA estimation with wideband MIMO radar. Numerical examples demonstrate that even without secondary data, the proposed algorithm can accurately estimate the DOA of the targets.
Application of simultaneous evaluation of criteria and alternatives for prioritization of photovoltaic power plant location
Authors: Lak Khashayar , Kashani Arash Haghparast , Azizi Amir , Karimi Naser , Hosseinpour Morteza
Published: October 2024

This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to transition towards clean and renewable energy sources by providing a practical framework for decision‐making in energy resource planning. Hence, a recently developed multi‐criteria decision making technique tool is proposed for simultaneous evaluation of criteria and alternatives (SECA) to find an optimal site for establishing photovoltaic power stations in Iran. The proposed SECA method provides a systematic and comprehensive approach to evaluating renewable energy resources, taking into account technical, economic, environmental, and social factors. The data required for this research has also been collected from the Global Solar Atlas as well as the Iran Meteoritical Organization. The results show that despite the main influence of the solar radiation factor, it should be noted that among all the climatic and environmental indicators, “cloudiness factor” by weight of 0.2339 and “annual temperature” by weight of 0.2320 have been selected as the most important criteria. It was also found that among the ten candidate cities, Zahedan (w = 0.8939), Shahrekord (w = 0.8341) and Kerman (w = 0.8112) have the highest potential for building a solar power plant. The results of the study highlight the potential for solar energy resources to meet Iran's electricity needs in a sustainable manner.
Illicit Fentanyl in the Prenatal Period: A Significant Emerging Risk for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Rana Divya , Gaston Kan P. , DeBaer Linda , Pourcyrous Massroor
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of in-utero illicit fentanyl exposure on neonatal outcomes, including neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), length of stay (LOS), and treatment requirements.

Study Design This study was conducted from March 2020 to December 2022, and focused on neonates born to mothers with opioid use or opioid use disorder (OUD). Maternal opioid use was identified through self-report or umbilical cord tissue (UCT) testing. Severe NOWS was defined as cases requiring pharmacological treatment. Statistical analyses included univariate comparisons, logistic regression, and generalized linear models to assess the associations between fentanyl exposure and neonatal outcomes.

Results Forty-seven percent (75/159) of infants had in-utero fentanyl exposure. Fentanyl-positive mothers were older, 31 ± 5 years, compared to non-fentanyl mothers, 29 ± 5, p = 0.01. They were also less likely to receive prenatal care (p < 0.01) and had a higher number of polysubstance used, 5 ± 1 compared to non-fentanyl mothers, 3 ± 1, p < 0.01. Overall, infants exposed to fentanyl had a higher incidence of severe NOWS (odds ratio = 5.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.49–12.95, p < 0.01) and required earlier NOWS treatment initiation, 1 ± 1 day compared to non-exposed infants 3 ± 2 days, p < 0.01. In adjusted analysis, fentanyl exposure was associated with a nearly three-fold increased risk of NOWS (Mantel–Haenszel combined relative risk = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.94–4.57). Furthermore, fentanyl exposure led to longer LOS, with a 40% increase for preterm neonates (p < 0.01) and a 63% increase for full-term neonates (p < 0.01). Additionally, there was a significant correlation between log fentanyl concentration in umbilical cord tissue and cumulative morphine dose required for NOWS treatment, p = 0.001.

Conclusion Prenatal illicit fentanyl exposure is an independent and strong risk factor for severe NOWS presentation in newborns requiring extended hospital stays.

Key Points
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reaction of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhou Ling , Yang Hui
Published: October 2024

In recent years, formal cycloaddition reactions involving bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) have furnished an array of innovative methodologies and strategies for the efficient synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs). Most methods can be broadly classified into two main modes: the radical pathway and the two-electron pathway. This Synpacts article will summarize the recent advancements in Lewis acid catalyzed formal cycloaddition reactions involving BCBs with alkenes, dipolar molecules, and alkynes, spanning the period from 2022 to 2024. Additionally, we introduce the formal cycloaddition reaction of BCBs with ynamides, catalyzed by Sc(OTf)3, which has been recently developed by our group. This approach offers a novel and efficient method for the synthesis of polysubstituted 2-amino-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes.

1 Introduction

2 Lewis Acid Catalyzed Formal Cycloaddition of BCBs with Alkenes and Dipoles

3 Lewis Acid Catalyzed Formal Cycloaddition of BCBs with Alkynes

4 Conclusion
Visible-Light-Induced Three-Component Reactions of α-Diazoesters, Indazoles, and Cyclic Ethers
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Yan , Fu Yang , Peng Yiyuan , Yang Qin , Ding Qiuping
Published: October 2024

An efficient method was developed for the construction of N-short-chain ether-attached carbonyl group-substituted indazoles. The visible-light-induced three-component reactions of α-diazoesters, indazoles, and cyclic ethers, under extremely mild conditions, led to the corresponding mixture of N
1 and N
2 short-chain ether-substituted indazoles in good to excellent yields.
On estimation of betatron radiation spectrum characteristics of DLA electrons in NCD plasma
Authors: Veysman M. E.
Published: October 2024

Action of a relativistically intense subpicosecond laser pulse on the near critical density (NCD) plasma can give rise to the formation of ion channel inside the plasma and effective acceleration of background electrons. Thus, one can produce high current (electron charges from tens nCl to several mkCl), high energy (from several MeV to several hundreds of MeV) electron bunches, demanded in different practical applications. Synchrotron (betatron) radiation of these electrons can serve as an important tool both for practical applications and also for diagnostic of the process in laser plasma, which is important for better understanding of these processes and for optimization of experimental conditions. For the last goals, an approximate model is proposed for calculating the spatial and energy characteristics of a bunch of DLA (direct laser accelerated) electrons in the ion channel formed in the NCD plasma and the characteristics describing the spectrum of their synchrotron radiation. For the considered example of a powerful laser pulse action on NCD plasma, the predictions of the proposed model are in good agreement with the results of particles in cell simulations and with the experimental measurements of the synchrotron radiation specter. It is shown that with the assumption of the rotation of the initial plane of motion of DLA electrons, the experimental data on the measurements of synchrotron radiation specters can be explained on the basis of the concept of betatron radiation of electrons accelerated in NCD plasma by DLA mechanism.
Faraday rotation method improves the upper limit of the electron electric–dipole–moment sensitivity
Authors: Xiao Huagang , Zhang Ruijie , Gao Tao
Published: October 2024

The electron electric–dipole–moment (eEDM) is a powerful tool for exploring new particles. The candidates for eEDM search are heavy atoms and their molecules, which are well known for the obvious relativistic effect. Lead atom is considered to be the most ideal relativistic atom [Park et al., Nat. Commun. 11(1), 815 (2020)]. PbH molecule is an important representative of the Pb compound and is considered a cold candidate molecule due to the high diagonal Franck–Condon factors. We systematically investigated the (eEDM) searches of PbH using a two-component approach. The parity- and time-reversal symmetry violation constants of ground and excited states, including internal effective electric field Eeff, electron–nucleon scalar–pseudoscalar interaction constant WP,T, and nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment, were obtained and compared to other molecules. In addition, we designed two experimental methods to measure the sensitivity of the eEDM, indicating that the Faraday rotation method could greatly improve its sensitivity.
On erosion wear of flat specimens incorporating roughness angle correction
Authors: Li Xing , Huang Ning , He Kan , Tong Ding , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2024

Particle erosion-induced damage to structural walls constitutes a critical concern in aerospace and petrochemical engineering. Over time, this phenomenon leads to surface roughening, thereby altering particle impingement dynamics, a facet often overlooked in current simulation methodologies. This study proposes a novel numerical approach for investigating erosion characteristics of flat specimens, integrating a corrective model for roughness angle to enhance accuracy in predicting erosion profiles. Experimental validation confirms the superior performance of the proposed correction method, achieving a remarkable enhancement of approximately 60.27% in accurately predicting maximum erosion depth compared to conventional techniques. Notably, the corrected erosion depth exhibits a nonlinear relationship with erosion duration, closely mirroring experimental observations. In regions characterized by intensified erosion rates, the present method discloses a notable decrease of approximately 1.8° in forecasted particle impact angles with advancing erosion stages, thereby achieving closer adherence to empirical trends. The refined simulation method effectively rectifies historical overestimations, offering a robust framework for future studies in erosion prediction and mitigation strategies.
Parameter inference from a non-stationary unknown process
Authors: Owens Kieran S. , Fulcher Ben D.
Published: October 2024

Non-stationary systems are found throughout the world, from climate patterns under the influence of variation in carbon dioxide concentration to brain dynamics driven by ascending neuromodulation. Accordingly, there is a need for methods to analyze non-stationary processes, and yet, most time-series analysis methods that are used in practice on important problems across science and industry make the simplifying assumption of stationarity. One important problem in the analysis of non-stationary systems is the problem class that we refer to as parameter inference from a non-stationary unknown process (PINUP). Given an observed time series, this involves inferring the parameters that drive non-stationarity of the time series, without requiring knowledge or inference of a mathematical model of the underlying system. Here, we review and unify a diverse literature of algorithms for PINUP. We formulate the problem and categorize the various algorithmic contributions into those based on (1) dimension reduction, (2) statistical time-series features, (3) prediction error, (4) phase-space partitioning, (5) recurrence plots, and (6) Bayesian inference. This synthesis will allow researchers to identify gaps in the literature and will enable systematic comparisons of different methods. We also demonstrate that the most common systems that existing methods are tested on—notably, the non-stationary Lorenz process and logistic map—are surprisingly easy to perform well on using simple statistical features like windowed mean and variance, undermining the practice of using good performance on these systems as evidence of algorithmic performance. We then identify more challenging problems that many existing methods perform poorly on and which can be used to drive methodological advances in the field. Our results unify disjoint scientific contributions to analyzing the non-stationary systems and suggest new directions for progress on the PINUP problem and the broader study of non-stationary phenomena.
Drain self-blocking ambipolar transistors for complementary circuit applications
Authors: Pan Chen , Su Pincheng , Yu Wentao , Wang Pengfei , Yang Yuekun , Wang Cong , Liang Shi-Jun , Cheng Bin , Miao Feng
Published: October 2024

The development of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (CMOSFET) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials offers an important opportunity to reduce static power and increase the integration density of integrated circuits. One promising approach to realize these CMOSFETs is to employ ambipolar 2D materials as channel materials with designed device structure to control the carrier transport properties for CMOSFET characteristics. However, these devices always suffer from complex multi-gate electrode structure, and hence face challenges in complicated inter-connection design and excessive voltage source requirement for circuit implementation. Here, we develop a three-terminal CMOSFET using ambipolar 2D material based on the drain electric field-induced carrier injection self-blocking mechanism. The designed drain electrode can effectively suppress carrier injection from the drain to the channel material, while the gate voltage can only regulate carrier injection in the source region. As a result, we can configure the device as either N-field-effect transistors (FET) or P-FET with a high current on/off ratio of over 105 by adjusting the three voltages (gate, source, and drain). Furthermore, we utilize these devices to demonstrate multifunctional wave modulator, low-static-power logic inverter (<5 pW), and combinational logic computing in the form of a compact complementary circuit. Our work would explore an efficient approach for implementing complementary circuits using 2D materials.
Two-dimensional magnetic field diagnostics of plasma based on nano-thin-film probe
Authors: Li Zhi , Lu Lingfeng , Chen Wanpeng , Zhang Hong , Zeng Zhide , Zhang Huaiqing
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose a method to determine the diagnostics of magnetic fields based on arrays of nano-thin-film probes that are manufactured by using magnetron sputtering-based fabrication and arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) topological design. Measurements of the magnetic field and its wave number based on the proposed method were validated in a linear cylindrical plasma device, the linear experimental advanced device. We manufactured nano-thin-film probes, each with a thickness of 500 nm, a diameter of 9 mm, and a shape similar to the Greek letter “omega” by depositing silver nanoparticles generated through magnetron sputtering to improve the accuracy of the fabrication as well as their time response. The 2D topological arrangement of the array of probes enabled the determination of the diagnostics of the magnetic field and its wave number at a high spatial resolution. Measurements of the amplitude of the magnetic field and its wavenumber obtained using the proposed method were in good agreement with the results of theoretical simulations in COMSOL, which verifies its high reliability and accuracy in obtaining low-pressure plasma diagnostics. In future work, we plan to apply our diagnostic method based on the array of thin-film probes to scenarios that require a high spatial resolution.
Laser-formed nanoporous graphite anodes for enhanced lithium-ion battery performance
Authors: Bond Luke , Andersson Henrik , Hummelgård Magnus , Engholm Magnus
Published: October 2024

Lithium-ion batteries are pivotal in modern energy storage, commonly utilizing graphite anodes for their high theoretical capacity and long cycle life. However, graphite anodes face inherent limitations, such as restricted lithium-ion storage capacity and slow diffusion rates. Enhancing the porosity of graphite and increasing d-spacing in expanded graphite anodes have been explored to improve lithium-ion diffusion and intercalation. Recent advancements suggest that nanoscale modifications, such as utilizing nano-graphite and graphene, can further enhance performance. Laser processing has emerged as a promising technique for synthesizing and modifying graphite and graphene-related materials, offering control over surface defects and microstructure. Here, we demonstrate an industrially compatible one-step laser processing method to transform a nano-graphite and graphene mixture into a nanoporous matrix, significantly improving lithium-ion battery performance. The laser-processed anodes demonstrated significantly enhanced specific capacities at all charge rates, with improved relative performance at higher charge rates. Additionally, long-term cycling at 1 C showed that laser-processed cells outperformed their non-processed counterparts, with specific capacities of 323 and 241 mAh/g, respectively.
650 V vertical Al0.51Ga0.49N power Schottky diodes
Authors: Chen Hang , Zhang Shuhui , Yang Tianpeng , Mi Tingting , Wang Xiaowen , Liu Chao
Published: October 2024

We report high-Al-composition (HAC) Al0.51Ga0.49N vertical power Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) on sapphire substrates grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The fabricated vertical HAC AlGaN-on-sapphire SBDs exhibit a low turn-on voltage of 1.31 V, a high on/off ratio of ∼107, a low ideality factor of 1.35, and a high breakdown voltage of 662 V.
Epitaxial p-Si/CsPbBr3 heterostructure photodetector with enhanced green responsivity
Authors: Cui Wenyu , Zhou Yu , Cheng Xueming , Shan Yansu , Wang Xia , Cao Xuelei , Cao Bingqiang
Published: October 2024

Traditional silicon are expected to be integrated with emerging halide perovskites to form semiconductor heterostructures, which can facilitate the realization of more modern electronics and optoelectronics but not only solar cells. Currently, the deposition of perovskite films onto silicon substrates predominantly relies on spin-coating techniques, which inherently pose challenges, such as stringent growth prerequisites, compromised film integrity, and inability to foster robust interfacial tuning between the silicon and perovskite films. In this Letter, we report the epitaxial growth of a (100)-oriented CsPbBr3 film directly on a p-type silicon (100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), which offers precision control over the interface between the substrate and film. This p-Si/n-CsPbBr3 semiconductor heterostructure manifests distinct p–n heterojunction behavior, characterized by current rectification in the dark state, which indicates the efficient charge separation and transport mechanisms. The device demonstrates visible photodetection capabilities from 400 to 700 nm, showcasing versatility in spectral response. Notably, under 520 nm laser illumination, the device exhibited a remarkable responsivity of 780 mA/W due to electron tunneling from silicon to perovskite film as a direct result of the epitaxial interface, coupled with millisecond-scale response and recovery times, highlighting its potential for high-speed and sensitive photodetector applications. These findings underscore the significant promise of PLD-mediated growth of high-quality epitaxial halide perovskite films on silicon substrates and the formation of heterostructure as a viable route toward complex thin superlattices and integrated devices.
Split ring resonators and composite FR4 substrate for analysis and design of tri-band monopole antenna
Authors: Christydass S. Prasad Jones , Navaneethakrishnan G. , Palanisamy R. , Saleel C. Ahamed , Arputharaj Beena Stanislaus
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the design, optimization, and analysis of a tri-band monopole antenna tailored for wireless communication, constructed with a composite FR4 substrate and incorporating split ring resonators (SRRs). The antenna is fabricated on a 19-mm-wide, 31-mm-long FR4 substrate featuring a ground structure integrated with SRRs. Through parameter analysis and optimization, the antenna achieves resonance at 2.3, 4.8, and 7 GHz, catering to diverse wireless communication standards. The use of composite FR4 material ensures enhanced performance. Post-fabrication measurements reveal that the antenna's s11, gain, directivity, and E-plane and H-plane patterns are consistent with simulations. Its compact size, stable radiation patterns, dual-band functionality, excellent impedance matching, and wide bandwidth make it ideal for the industrial, scientific, and medical sectors, as well as other wireless communication applications. This study marks a significant step forward in multi-band antenna technology using composite materials, offering promising solutions for future wireless communication needs.
Tl2XY (X, Y = S, Se) monolayers with low lattice thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric performance by full-band approach with four scattering mechanisms
Authors: Yu Meng-Yuan , Yang Chuan-Lu , Li Xiaohu , Liu Yuliang , Zhao Wenkai
Published: October 2024

The low lattice thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric performance of the Janus Tl2SSe monolayer in the temperature region of 300–700 K are identified based on the thermoelectric properties of the Tl2S2, Tl2SSe, and Tl2Se2 monolayers. The transport coefficients for carrier concentrations and temperatures are obtained by solving the linearized Boltzmann transport equation in a full-band electronic structure. Four scattering mechanisms of acoustic deformation potential, optical deformation potential, polar optical phonon, and ionized impurity scatterings are considered. The ionized impurity scattering is recognized as the most important. The lattice thermal conductivity of the Janus Tl2SSe monolayer is substantially smaller than those of the Tl2S2, Tl2Se2 monolayers with higher symmetry. Moreover, we find that the Janus structures of the Tl2SSe monolayer increase the dielectronic constants and enhance the polar optical phonon scattering, then reduce the power factor to some extent. Therefore, the lattice thermal conductivity actually couples with the transport coefficient and cannot be individually regulated as is usually assumed. However, the ZT value of the Tl2SSe monolayer can still reach 1.77 at 700 K even if the intrinsic concentration and the bipolar effect are included. Therefore, the Tl2SSe monolayer is expected to be a promising candidate for thermoelectric materials.
Effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the energy metabolism in HeLa cells through miRNA regulation
Authors: Jing Xumiao , Shao Changsheng , Zhu Ligang , Zhang Ying , Zhao Wei , Yang Qiyu , Zhang Fengqiu , Huang Qing
Published: October 2024

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging tool for tumor treatment because it can inhibit cancer cell proliferation primarily through oxidative stress due to CAP-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among various ROS targeting molecules in cancer cells, microRNAs (miRNAs) are one kind of important targets that can be stimulated by ROS, and many studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the metabolism regulation of cancer cells. In this study, we applied helium-CAP (He-CAP) to HeLa cells, and observed that the ROS induced by He-CAP could modulate the miRNAs related to energy metabolism, leading to the changes of proliferation, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycling and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the HeLa cells, and affected the related hypoxia-inducible factor 1, p53, phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathways. In addition, the analysis of miRNAs in the metabolic network revealed that the expressions of the miRNAs responsible for the promotion of energy metabolism increased, and correspondingly, the involved mRNA and protein expression decreased. As such, this study has not only demonstrated that CAP treatment could significantly change the miRNAs expression of cancer cells, but also provided a more in-depth understanding of the CAP effects on glycolysis, TCA cycling and OXPHOS processes in the cells through the comprehensive analysis of the miRNAs regulation.
Probing anomalous Zγγγ couplings at a future muon collider
Authors: Amarkhail H , İnan S C , Kisselev A V
Published: October 2024

The sensitivity to anomalous quartic gauge couplings (AQGCs) of the γ
γ
γ
Z interaction is studied in the μ
+
μ
− → μ
+
γ
γ
μ
− scattering at a future muon collider with unpolarized beams. The anomalous γ
γ
γ
Z vertex is described by two couplings, ζ
1 and ζ
2. The differential and total cross sections are calculated for the center-of-mass energies of 3 TeV, 14 TeV, and 100 TeV. For these values of the collision energy the 95% C.L. exclusion regions for AQGCs are obtained depending on the systematic error. In particular, for the 14 TeV muon collider with the integrated luminosity L = 20 ab−1 the best sensitivities are derived to be ζ
1 = 3.1 × 10−5 TeV−4 and ζ
2 = 6.5 ×10−5 TeV−4. These constraints are three orders of magnitude stronger than the bounds obtained for the 27 TeV HE-LHC with L = 15 ab−1. At the 100 TeV muon collider with L = 1000 ab−1 AQGCs can be probed up to 1.64 × 10−8 TeV−4 and 3.4 × 10−8 TeV−4 for ζ
1 and ζ
2, respectively. The partial-wave unitarity constraints on couplings ζ
1, ζ
2 are evaluated. It is shown that the unitarity is not violated in the region of the AQGCs examined in the present paper.
Superconducting energy gap structure of CsV3Sb5 from magnetic penetration depth measurements
Authors: Grant Morgan J , Liu Yi , Cao Guang-Han , Wilcox Joseph A , Guo Yanfeng , Xu Xiaofeng , Carrington Antony
Published: October 2024

Experimental determination of the structure of the superconducting order parameter in the kagome lattice compound CsV3Sb5 is an essential step towards understanding the nature of the superconducting pairing in this material. Here we report measurements of the temperature dependence of the in-plane magnetic penetration depth,

λ
(
T
)

, in crystals of CsV3Sb5 down to

∼

60

mK

. We find that

λ
(
T
)

is consistent with a fully-gapped state but with significant gap anisotropy. The magnitude of the gap minima are in the range

∼

0.2

–0.3 

T

c

for the measured samples, markedly smaller than previous estimates. We discuss different forms of potential anisotropy and how these can be linked to the V and Sb Fermi surface sheets. We highlight a significant discrepancy between the calculated and measured values of

λ
(
T
=
0
)

which we suggest is caused by spatially suppressed superconductivity.