bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Cosmic Rays Detected by HST as Geophysical Markers. I. Detection and Characterization of Cosmic Rays
Authors: Miles Nathan D. , Deustua Susana E. , Tancredi Gonzalo , Schnyder Germán , Nesmachnow Sergio , Cromwell Geoffrey
Published: September 2021

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has been operational for over 30 years, and throughout that time it has been bombarded by high-energy charged particles colloquially referred to as cosmic rays. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of more than 1.2 billion cosmic rays observed with HST using a custom-written Python package, HSTcosmicrays, that is available to the astronomical community. We analyzed 75,908 dark calibration files taken as part of routine calibration programs for five different CCD imagers with operational coverage of Solar Cycle 23 and 24. We observe the expected modulation of galactic cosmic rays by solar activity. We model the observed energy-loss distributions to derive an estimate of 534 ± 117 MeV for the kinetic energy of the typical cosmic ray impacting HST. For the three imagers with the largest nonuniformity in thickness, we independently confirm the overall structure produced by fringing analyses by analyzing cosmic ray strikes across the detector field of view. We analyze STIS/CCD observations taken as HST crosses over the South Atlantic Anomaly and find a peak cosmic ray particle flux of ∼1100 particle s−1 cm−2. We find strong evidence for two spatially confined regions over North America and Australia that exhibit increased cosmic ray particle fluxes at the 5σ level.
The Nickel Mass Distribution of Stripped-envelope Supernovae: Implications for Additional Power Sources
Authors: Afsariardchi Niloufar , Drout Maria R. , Khatami David K. , Matzner Christopher D. , Moon Dae-Sik , Ni Yuan Qi
Published: September 2021

We perform a systematic study of the 56Ni mass (M
Ni) of 27 stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe) by modeling their light-curve tails, highlighting that use of “Arnett’s rule” overestimates M
Ni for SESNe by a factor of ∼2. Recently, Khatami & Kasen presented a new model relating the peak time (t
p) and luminosity (L
p) of a radioactively powered supernova to its M
Ni that addresses several limitations of Arnett-like models, but depends on a dimensionless parameter, β. Using observed t
p, L
p, and tail-measured M
Ni values for 27 SESNe, we observationally calibrate β for the first time. Despite scatter, we demonstrate that the model of Khatami & Kasen with empirically calibrated β values provides significantly improved measurements of M
Ni when only photospheric data are available. However, these observationally constrained β values are systematically lower than those inferred from numerical simulations, primarily because the observed sample has significantly higher (0.2–0.4 dex) L
p for a given M
Ni. While effects due to composition, mixing, and asymmetry can increase L
p none can explain the systematically low β values. However, the discrepancy can be alleviated if ∼7%–50% of L
p for the observed sample comes from sources other than radioactive decay. Either shock cooling or magnetar spin-down could provide the requisite luminosity. Finally, we find that even with our improved measurements, the M
Ni values of SESNe are still a factor of ∼3 larger than those of hydrogen-rich Type II SNe, indicating that these supernovae are inherently different in terms of the initial mass distributions of their progenitors or their explosion mechanisms.
GRB 200716C: Evidence for a Short Burst Being Lensed
Authors: Wang Yun , Jiang Lu-Yao , Li Cheng-Kui , Ren Jia , Tang Shao-Peng , Zhou Zi-Min , Liang Yun-Feng , Fan Yi-Zhong
Published: September 2021

A tiny fraction of observed gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may be lensed. The time delays induced by the gravitational lensing are milliseconds to seconds if the point lenses are intermediate-mass black holes. The prompt emission of the lensed GRBs, in principle, should have repeated pulses with identical light curves and spectra but different fluxes and slightly offset positions. In this work, we search for such candidates within the GRBs detected by Fermi/GBM, Swift/Burst Alert Telescope, and HXMT/HE and report the identification of an attractive event GRB 200716C that consists of two pulses. Both the autocorrelation analysis and the Bayesian inference of the prompt emission light curve are in favor of the gravitational-lensing scenario. Moreover, the spectral properties of the two pulses are rather similar and follow the so-called Amati relation of short GRBs rather than long-duration bursts. The measured flux ratios between the two pulses are nearly constant in all channels, as expected from gravitational lensing. We therefore suggest that the long-duration burst GRB 200716C was a short event being lensed. The redshifted mass of the lens was estimated to be

4.25

−
1.36

+
2.46

×

10

5

M

⊙

(90% credibility). If correct, this could point toward the existence of an intermediate-mass black hole along the line of sight of GRB 200716C.
Candidate Type II Be X-Ray Binary Outbursts in NGC 6744
Authors: Urias Luna , Maccarone Thomas J. , Antoniou Vallia , Mandel Ilya , Vinciguerra Serena
Published: September 2021

We present the discovery of two new X-ray transients in the galaxy NGC 6744. The properties of these transients are consistent with those of Type II outbursts of Be X-ray binaries, but further data will be required to confirm their nature.
Effect of Musical Therapy Langgam Jawa on Pre-chemotherapy Anxiety of Cancer Patients
Authors: Sari Febriana Sartika , Fitriani Winda , Mustikasari Innez Karunia , Rosyada Imam , Kusumawati Heni Nur , Sulisetyawati S. Dwi , Wulandari Ika Subekti , Fitriana Rufaida Nur , Irdianty Mellia Silvy
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Anxiety occurs in cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy for the 1st time. Excessive anxiety which occurred in the pre-chemotherapy phase can contribute to the failure of chemotherapy programs. One of attempts to reduce anxiety is providing musical therapy Langgam Jawa.

AIM: The purpose of the research is to identify the effect of musical therapy Langgam Jawa to pre-chemotherapy anxiety score.

METHODS: The research used quasi-experimental design which involved pre-posttest with control group. The research was conducted at a hospital in Central Java. The population was cancer patients who undergoing chemotherapy for the 1st time and experienced pre-chemotherapy anxiety. Samples were selected with purposive sampling technique that met inclusion criteria. Subjects were 42 respondents consisting of 21 in each group obtained by simple random sampling technique. Health education and deep breathing exercise were provided to the control group, while the treatment group obtained health education, deep breathing exercise, and musical therapy Langgam Jawa. The measurement of pre-chemotherapy anxiety in the cancer patients was using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. An independent t-test performed the analysis.

RESULTS: The results showed that pre-chemotherapy anxiety score decreases significantly in those two groups (p-value: 0.001; α: 0.05). The treatment group showed a higher decrease of pre-chemotherapy anxiety than the control group.

CONCLUSION: The finding highlights musical therapy Langgam Jawa is effective to reduce pre-chemotherapy anxiety of cancer patients. It is recommended to apply musical therapy Langgam Jawa for cancer patients who’re undergoing chemotherapy.
Implantable Cardiac Device Infections Prevalence: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Yahia Hend , Alazab Abdo , Aly Randa , Elmaraghi Sameh , Andraos Ashraf
Published: September 2021

Background:  It has been demonstrated that the use of cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIED) improve mortality and survivability in a variety of patient populations. Nevertheless, CIED related infection is a serious complication characterized by a high rate of mortality and morbidity.
Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of CIED related infections, risk factors, clinical and demographic characteristics, causative organisms, and the management and outcome of patients presented in the Critical Care Department, Cairo University.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 1871 individuals who had been implanted with a cardiac device with a total number of devices of 1968 and 2270 procedures performed from January 2007 to December 2017.
Results: 59 infectious episodes were identified with an estimated incidence of 2.99% of inserted devices and 2.6% of total procedures.  The infection rate was considerably higher in patients with multiple procedures than those who had a single procedure (9.27% vs. 1.18%; P<0.001). The individuals with a dual-chamber implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices (CRTD) had the highest infection rate of 6.25% & 6.85%, respectively. The rate of pocket infection (PI) and CIED related endocarditis (CDE) was 1.54% & 1.06% of total devices respectively.  Numerous risk factors have been found; the most significant of those are diabetes mellitus, recurrent procedures, the device's complexity, and the existence of more than one lead. Gram-positive cocci were the most isolated organisms in all positive cultures (69.23%). Echocardiography revealed lead vegetations and valvular vegetations in 22 patients and 2 patients respectively.  In 53 cases (89.83%), the devices were removed; in 41 cases, the entire system was removed; and in 12 cases, only the generator was removed. The mortality rate was found to be 10.17%, having a considerably higher prevalence in CDE individuals than in pocket infection individuals (20.83% vs. 2.86%; P=0.025).
Conclusion: In our center, while the rate of CIED implantation continues to increase, the incidence rate of CIED-related infection continues to decline. Until now, the infection burden associated with secondary intervention is still significantly high.  The management strategy of selection is to eliminate the entire system for patients presented with infection especially those with CDE. However, the mortality rate is still high.
DNA barcoding for species delimitation of the freshwater leech genus Glossiphonia from the Western Balkan (Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae)
Authors: Jovanović Milica , Haring Elisabeth , Sattmann Helmut , Grosser Clemens , Pesic Vladimir
Published: September 2021

Glossiphoniid leeches are a diverse group and sometimes abundant elements of the aquatic fauna inhabiting various types of freshwater habitats. In this study, we sampled leeches of the genus Glossiphonia from the Western Balkan in order to test the suitability of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) marker sequence for species delimitation. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of four taxa, G. complanata with two subspecies, G. c. complanata and G. c. maculosa, the latter an endemic of Ohrid Lake, G. nebulosa and endemic G. balcanica. In total, 29 new barcodes of Glossiphonia were sequenced in the course of this study and compared with the available molecular dataset of the latter genus from GenBank/BOLD databases. The applied ASAP distance-based species delimitation method for the analysed dataset revealed an interspecific threshold between 4-8% K2P distance as suitable for species identification purposes of the Western Balkan Glossiphonia species. Our study revealed that morphologically identified taxa as G. nebulosa and G. concolor each consists of more than one clearly different phylogenetic clade. This study contributes to a better knowledge of the taxonomy of glossiphoniid leeches and emphasises future work on the revision of this genus using a standard molecular COI marker in species identification.
On the idea of the planetary
Authors: Chakrabarty Dipesh , Ghadiali Ashish
Published: September 2021

The notion of the planetary allows us to distinguish between the global of globalisation and the global of global warming. Globalisation is the process through which humans created the world we live in, how we converted the planet into a spherical human domain, at the centre of which
are the human stories of technology, empires, capitalism and inequality. Global warming is what has resulted at the planetary level as intensified human consumption of the globe's resources has turned humanity into a geological agent of change. The global is 500 years old, while the planetary
is as old as the age of the earth. The physical world has its own deep history: over time it has experienced profound changes. If climate change is to be addressed this mutability must be recognised – the unchanging nature of the world can no longer be taken for granted. The interview
covers the rise of atmospheric sciences during the Cold War, when the Earth became, effectively, part of a comparative study of planets; the relationship between Marxism and the idea of 'deep history'; the human-made ecological disaster of bush-fires in Australia; the influence of Rohith Vemula
and Rabindranath Tagore on planetary thinking and ideas about connectivity; biopower, zoe and the pandemic; and the difficulty of thinking politically about deep history.
Berta Vive!
Authors: Teran Marcela
Published: September 2021

For many years Berta Caceres - Honduran environmental defender, Indigenous community leader and co-founder of COPINH (Council of Popular and Indigenous Organisations of Honduras) - campaigned against the construction, without consent, of the Agua Zarca dam in Lenca territory, by private
energy company DESA. In 2016 she was assassinated. Since then there has been a long struggle to bring those responsible to justice. In 2018, seven men were found guilty of planning and carrying out the assassination, but records showed they were following orders from higher up the food chain.
In July 2021, DESA president David Castillo was found guilty of being a 'co-conspirator' in the assassination. Others involved, including Daniel Atala and other members of his wealthy family, are yet to be investigated. In Honduras, a culture of impunity, corruption and violence prevails,
which links the state, the army, the business world and criminal networks. Although those who resist are frequently killed, the resistance continues. Within this grim picture, 'clean energy' and 'development' often act as shiny eco-covers for elites amassing profit without regard to the rights
of Indigenous people. It needs to be more widely recognised that green capitalism is not a solution for the climate crisis: it is merely a form of neo-colonialism.
Alleviation of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by exosomes from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lim Sun Woo , Kim Kyung Woon , Kim Bo Mi , Shin Yoo Jin , Luo Kang , Quan Yi , Cui Sheng , Ko Eun Jeong , Chung Byung Ha , Yang Chul Woo
Published: September 2021

Background/Aims: Renal ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) is a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is closely associated with high morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) exert powerful therapeutic effects in renal ischemia. However, the efficacy of iMSC-derived exosomes (iExo) on I/R injuries remains largely unknown.Methods: Human iPSCs were differentiated into iMSCs using a modified one-step method. Ultrafiltration, combined with purification, was used to isolate iExo from iMSCs. iExo was administered following I/R injury in a mouse model. The effect of iExo on I/R injury was assessed through changes in renal function, histology, and expression of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis markers. Further, we evaluated its association with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling pathway.Results: Mice subjected to I/R injury exhibited typical AKI patterns; serum creatinine level, tubular necrosis, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine production, and oxidative stress were markedly increased compared to sham mice. However, treatment with iExo attenuated these changes, significantly improving renal function and tissue damage, similar to the renoprotective effects of iMSCs on I/R injury. Significant induction of activated ERK 1/2 signaling molecules was observed in mice treated with iExo compared to those in the I/R injury group.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that iExo administration ameliorated renal damage following I/R, suggesting that iMSC-derived exosomes may provide a novel therapeutic approach for AKI treatment.
Americans First : la géopolitique de l’administration Biden
Authors: Mélandri Pierre
Published: September 2021

La géopolitique de l’administration Biden commence à être perçue. Elle entend s’appuyer sur une nation réconciliée, et acceptant de voir dans les objectifs de politique étrangère la défense de ses propres intérêts. Elle cible la Chine comme défi prioritaire, suivant en cela l’administration précédente. Et mise sur les alliés pour reprendre un leadership des nations démocratiques. L’enjeu interne reste ouvert et la nécessaire réconciliation politique pourrait s’avérer difficile à atteindre.
Sanctions secondaires américaines : du vieux vin dans des outres neuves ?
Authors: Marineau Sophie
Published: September 2021

La pratique des sanctions secondaires par les États-Unis n’est pas récente, mais Donald Trump l’a portée à un niveau inégalé. Le président républicain a fait preuve d’une grande défiance à l’égard des alliés traditionnels de Washington, qui s’est particulièrement fait ressentir sur les dossiers russe et iranien. Les Européens ont mis en place un nouveau mécanisme – baptisé INSTEX – pour tenter de contourner les sanctions américaines, mais il a rapidement montré ses limites.
Vers la fin de vingt ans de guerre contre le terrorisme ?
Authors: Tenenbaum Élie
Published: September 2021

Vingt ans après le 11 Septembre, le bilan de la « guerre contre le terrorisme » est contrasté : lourd coût financier et humain, affaiblissement des « centrales » mais diffusion des implantations, fatigue des guerres sans fin… Les puissances occidentales n’ont jamais pu traiter les problèmes politiques qui survivaient à leurs succès militaires. Une nouvelle hiérarchie des défis sécuritaires semble devoir remettre le terrorisme à sa juste place : un problème stratégique parmi de nombreux autres.
Le mouvement barelvi : du soufisme au terrorisme
Authors: Hyvrier Olivia
Published: September 2021

Le barelvisme a été créé au début du xx e  siècle par Ahmad Riza Khan. Il s’agissait à l’origine d’un mouvement religieux soufi qui s’est peu à peu politisé. Ses membres militent pour l’islamisation de la société, tout en s’opposant à d’autres groupes inspirés du wahhabisme. Après les attentats du 11 Septembre, le soufisme a été présenté comme une alternative à l’islam radical. Néanmoins, une fraction des barelvis a elle-même basculé dans le terrorisme et cette violence a fini par toucher l’Europe.
La Géorgie et son occupation
Authors: Carasso Gilles
Published: September 2021

Les élites géorgiennes voient la Russie comme un ennemi qui, depuis la guerre de 2008, occupe une partie de leur pays. Pour faire face à cette menace, elles cherchent à renforcer sans cesse l’ancrage euro-atlantique de la Géorgie. La rationalité de cette posture victimaire mérite néanmoins d’être questionnée. Le pays gagnerait sans doute à développer une relation plus apaisée avec Moscou, tout en conservant des liens forts avec l’Occident.
Énième retour sur la critique du « gouvernement des juges »
Authors: Mastor Wanda
Published: September 2021

Si, en France, c’est bien l’ouvrage d’Édouard Lambert qui va donner des allures de spectre au « gouvernement des juges », la paternité de l’expression tout comme sa réalité sont américaines. L’analyse approfondie de ces prémisses théoriques permet de démontrer l’inconsistance de l’appropriation de l’expression par les juristes français. La dénonciation du gouvernement des juges a été détournée, instrumentalisée par une certaine théorie qui refuse la part créative du juge, de même qu’elle alimente aujourd’hui les discours populistes qui tentent par tous les moyens de discréditer la justice. Critiquer le gouvernement du juge en France est l’aveu d’une faiblesse. Ne parvenant à prouver que le discours du juge est l’expression d’une vérité, certains s’attaquent aux résultats qu’ils qualifient de « politiques ». Ce faisant, ils alimentent la peur qu’ils entendaient combattre : dire que les juges « gouvernent », c’est quitter le terrain des arguments juridiques pour rejoindre le ring idéologique.
La justice fragmentée
Authors: Schaff Aurélia
Published: September 2021

Les évolutions démographiques de la société française, la technicisation croissante des contentieux soumis aux juges, le recours accru aux nouvelles technologies, ont entraîné un mouvement de recomposition de l’organisation de la justice en France. Si ce mouvement n’épargne aucun corps de l’État, il pose toutefois des enjeux particuliers pour le monde judiciaire. Trouver la juste mesure en assurant une spécialisation des magistrats, pour répondre à la demande pressante exprimée par les citoyens et leurs représentants politiques, tout en maintenant un ancrage fort du juge dans la cité pour traiter les incivilités du quotidien, garantir la variété des parcours professionnels sans menacer l’unité du corps, tels sont quelques-uns des impératifs contradictoires auxquels la justice est confrontée, et qui questionnent plus que jamais ce que doit être l’office du juge au xxi e  siècle.
Entre justice privée et justice étatique : Facebook et le legalwashing de sa « cour suprême »
Authors: Gaye-Palettes Matthieu
Published: September 2021

L’annonce par Facebook de la création d’un organe quasi juridictionnel vient institutionnaliser une compétition entre les systèmes judiciaires étatiques traditionnels et les systèmes juridiques privés en construction dans le monde digital. Bien qu’il n’y ait aucune confrontation ouverte, ce « Conseil de surveillance » pourrait bien servir d’outil de legalwashing afin de fonder une légitimité extra-étatique à l’autorité des décisions rendues par les entreprises privées.
Education as a key to promoting insects as food
Authors: Rumpold B.A. , van Huis A.
Published: September 2021

Children in tropical countries have always eaten insects but are now often discouraged from doing so. Recently, the idea of the consumption of insects has been re-introduced as an answer to malnutrition since edible insects are a potential alternative and sustainable protein and food source. However, in countries where the consumption of insects is not traditional, there is a lack of acceptance as well as skills when it comes to preparing a meal with insects. Examples of experiments from different parts of the world are given, where children in schools are educated about the nutritional and environmental benefits of eating insects. In general, after the experience, children are more positive about the idea of eating insects. It is stipulated that insects as food could be a very good entry point for the discussion about our future food supply. Furthermore, with the increasing commercial production of edible insects, there is an increasing demand for skilled workers in the insect production industry. Essential to the promotion of insect consumption are the development of curricula and educational materials for vocational education, training of insect farmers, and general education in primary and secondary schools as well as tertiary education.
El proyecto del ferrocarril estratégico Ciudad Rodrigo a Río Tajo. Una infraestructura de principios de siglo XX no llevada a cabo
Authors: Plasencia-Lozano Pedro
Published: September 2021

El artículo analiza el proyecto del ferrocarril métrico Ciudad Rodrigo a Río Tajo, fechado en 1906. Pese a no llevarse a cabo, el documento es interesante porque ejemplifica la utilidad de los proyectos históricos no construidos como fuentes de datos para conocer el estado del arte de la ingeniería civil en su tiempo. El texto describe qué eran los denominados ferrocarriles estratégicos, analiza los principales parámetros técnicos usados: pendientes, radios de curva, secciones tipo; asimismo, recoge las variadas tipologías estructurales que se planteaban (incluyendo una de José Eugenio Ribera), analiza las principales edificaciones que se construían en las estaciones, muestra la introducción del tercer carril para compatibilizar dos anchos de vía distintos y expone el estudio de alternativas realizado para determinar el trazado idóneo.
Tweaking Business Planning With Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Chen Jing Rui , Ng P. S. Joseph
Published: September 2021

Griffith AI&BD is a technology company that uses big data platform and artificial intelligence technology to produce products for schools. The company focuses on primary and secondary school education support and data analysis assistance system and campus ARTIFICIAL intelligence products for the compulsory education stage in the Chinese market. Through big data, machine learning and data mining, scattered on campus and distributed systems enable anyone to sign up to join the huge data processing grid, and access learning support big data analysis and matching after helping students expand their knowledge in a variety of disciplines and learning and promotion. Improve the learning process based on large data sets of students, and combine ai technology to develop AI electronic devices. To provide schools with the best learning experience to survive in a competitive world.
Challenges Encountered During Synchronous Online Collaborative Writing via Google Docs
Authors: Irshad Mufeeda
Published: September 2021

This study investigated (1) the challenges encountered by a heterogeneous group of first year undergraduates during a synchronous on-line collaborative writing activity conducted through Google Classroom using Google Docs and (2) their perceptions of the pedagogical approach. Five sub-groups of undergraduates participated in the study, and their written transcripts were analysed for patterns of interaction in terms of equality and mutuality based on the Taxonomy of Writing Change Functions and Scaffolding Strategies (Li and Zhu, 2017). Data on learner perceptions were analysed for underlying themes. The findings, which were interpreted from the perspective of the Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, revealed that synchronous on-line collaboration is complex and challenging due to the dynamic patterns of interaction. This study concludes that Google Docs is a useful pedagogical tool and could be used for second language writing development despite the challenges. However, in transferring the findings to other second language learners or learning contexts, caution needs to be applied.
The journey of Jephthah’s daughter: On spatial cognition, body and language in Judges 11:37
Authors: Lamprecht Adriaan
Published: September 2021

The traditional literal interpretation of the text in Judges 11:37 shows exceptional variation in topographic depiction. The literal interpretation of Driver, published in Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, is an example. From a linguistic perspective, no attention was paid whatsoever to the relation of interiority between an objective body and an objective space. This article proposes a cognitive semantic perspective and argues that the motion-path verb ירד (yrd) in Judges 11:37 carries a metaphorical meaning, and the linguistic processing, that is, the metaphorical mapping of the image schematic structure of CHANGE (up-down) as the source domain onto that of BEHAVIOUR as the target domain, involving activation of cultural spatial and bodily systems. With this background in mind, Judges 11:37 represents a new understanding for similar UP-DOWN image schemas applied in the Hebrew Bible.Contribution: This article contributes to the understanding of the apparent ‘inexact’ sense of the use of ירד (yrd) in Judges 11:37.
The category of the culture of work as vocation: The proposal of the Evangelical Church in Germany for the current upheavals in the world of work
Authors: Kopiec Piotr
Published: September 2021

The current upheavals in the world of work become one of the central themes of the reflections in social sciences. Many authors raise questions about the results of shrinking employment, growing digitalisation, demands of new skills meeting the challenges of the oncoming economic order, to mention just a few from a broad range of processes and phenomena. It is also an essential motive of the Christian Churches’ social teaching, for instance, for the Evangelical Church in Germany (Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland [EKD]). The church offers a comprehensive and relevant vision of human work, linking the social and political teaching of the Protestant Reformation and contemporary theological, sociological and sociopolitical conceptions. The article aims to outline the evangelical interpretation of the transformations in human work and asks how inspirations of Reformation theology are applied to today’s critical issues concerning these transformations. It also discusses the category of the culture of work as vocation and considers its potential for a broader discussion on the topic. The primary sources of the reflection are the relevant documents of the EKD (Denkschrifts), recently published.Contribution: The theological interpretation and proposals of the Evangelical Church in Germany contribute to the global discussion on the transformations in the sphere of work, particularly when examining the sociological and political potential of the category of the culture of work as vocation. The research addresses the focus and scope of the journal for the promotion of multidisciplinary aspects of studies in the general theological area.
Mental health experiences of healthcare professionals during COVID-19
Authors: Cook Lindsay J. , Hassem Tasneem , Laher Sumaya , Variava Tarique , Schutte Enid
Published: September 2021

Orientation: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to fundamental changes in the workplace for many, particularly healthcare workers.Research purpose: This study explored healthcare workers’ (ophthalmologists, nurses and support staff) experiences of anxiety, depression, burnout, resilience and coping strategies during lockdown Levels 2 and 3 in an Ophthalmic consulting practice and hospital in South Africa.Motivation for the study: The increased workplace stress and vulnerability associated with working during the COVID-19 pandemic introduced an unprecedented level of risk for healthcare workers. Factors contributing to psychological distress must be identified and appropriately mitigated, to prevent dire human and economic costs.Research approach/design and method: A survey was sent out at two separate times to a convenience sample of 31 and 15 healthcare workers respectively. The survey consisted of a demographics section, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Burnout Measure short-version, Brief Cope Inventory, Connor Davidson Resilience Inventory and six open-ended questions investigating personal health and support experiences during COVID-19. Descriptive analyses and thematic analysis were used for data analysis.Main findings: The sample of healthcare workers experienced some degree of psychological distress, including anxiety, burnout and a lack of social support on both surveys. However, these symptoms were alleviated by personal factors, including positive coping mechanisms, high resilience and organisational support.Practical/managerial implications: Healthcare facilities should consider in-house structures focusing on building resilience and positive coping mechanisms, whilst ensuring that workplace conditions are optimal for staff members.Contribution/value-add: This study provides some insight into both the risk and protective factors experienced by health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluating Prescribing Practices of Apixaban in the Elderly
Authors: Pogge Elizabeth , Sibicky Stephanie , Campbell Ashley
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate prescribing practices for elderly patients started on apixaban in multiple practice settings.
 DESIGN: Retrospective, chart review.
 SETTING: One outpatient and three inpatient settings in Arizona
and Massachusetts.
 PATIENT, PARTICIPANTS: Patients who received a new order for apixaban between July 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016. Inclusion criteria included adults 65 years of age and older who were receiving apixaban for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism
(VTE) at a current treatment dose.
 There were 1,045 patients included, the average age was 78 years, 52% were male, and 90% had atrial fibrillation.
 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Appropriate prescribing of apixaban based on Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-labeling (age,
weight, serum creatinine).
 RESULTS: Six patients who were on hemodialysis were excluded from the analysis, leaving 1,039 patients to be analyzed. 16.2% (168/1,039) of patients had an incorrect dose of apixaban prescribed based on their indication. Of those, 75% (126/168)
were taking the medication for atrial fibrillation and 25% (42/168) for VTE. For those with atrial fibrillation (n = 126), the majority of inappropriate orders resulted from doses that were lower than indicated (113/126).
 CONCLUSION: This research suggests that elderly patients
may receive inappropriately lower doses of apixaban than indicated, which may decrease the effectiveness of the medication. This research supports the fact that pharmacists can play a vital role in anticoagulation stewardship by verifying apixaban doses for accuracy.
AVIFAUNA DO SOLO SAGRADO DO GUARAPIRANGA (SÃO PAULO, BRASIL)
Authors:   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Godoy Fernando Igor de , Bolochio Cristiane Espinosa , Lippi Maria Socorro Silva Pereira ,   Zoológico de Guarulhos,   Universidade de Santo Amaro
Published: September 2021

AVIFAUNA OF THE SACRED SOIL OF GUARAPIRANGA (SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL): The avifauna of São Paulo, the largest Brazilian city, is one of the most studied in Brazil. However, some areas are lacking basic studies on the avifauna, including those under intense pressure from urban growth and deforestation. Here we present a list of bird species occurring in the Solo Sagrado do Guarapiranga (23°45’00”S, 46°44’00”W), an urban park in southern São Paulo. We carried out monthly bird surveys from July 2008 to June 2009, using transect method. After 250 hours of observations, we recorded 180 species, including 31 species endemics to Atlantic Forest and two species that are globally threatened. The insectivorous, omnivorous and frugivorous species were the most represented feeding guilds, with 70, 39 and 21 species, respectively. Occasional and rare species composed the community majority. The high species richness and the presence of threatened species indicate the importance of the area to the bird’s conservation in the largest Brazilian city.
THE UNPREDICTABLE EXPLOSIVE DISPERSAL MECHANISM OF A PRICKLY NEOTROPICAL Solanum (SOLANACEAE)
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Bragioni Thamyris , Stehmann João Renato
Published: September 2021

The mechanism of explosive dehiscence is rare in fruits in Solanum (Solanaceae), being reported for Solanum sect. Gonatotricum, a small non-aculeate group belonging to the Brevantherum clade. We tested empirically the presence of this strategy in populations of the closely related S. mellobarretoi and S. leptostachys, species belonging to the Leptostemonum clade, a group that comprises most aculeate species of the genus. Our results showed the occurrence of the explosive dehiscence in berries of S. mellobarretoi, but not in S. leptostachys, besides their phylogenetic and morphological similarities. We confirmed the homoplasic nature of the mechanism within the genus and highlight the importance of conducting empirical studies, contributing to reduce knowledge gaps on seed dispersal in the Neotropics.
LIVE BAIT TRADE AS A PATHWAY FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF NON-NATIVE SPECIES: THE FIRST RECORD OF Dilocarcinus pagei IN THE PARANAPANEMA RIVER BASIN
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Garcia Diego Azevedo Zoccal , Casimiro Armando César Rodrigues , Geller Iago Vinicios , Ferraz João Daniel , Jarduli Lucas Ribeiro ,   Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Orsi Mário Luís
Published: September 2021

Brazil has one of the most significant diversity of freshwater fish in the world, and this drives trade and fishing tourism. Several species of sport fish have characteristics and behaviors that favor fishing tourism and its related activities. Live baits are widely used in fisheries across the country, and at the end of fisheries, is common that anglers may release the remaining bait in rivers, lakes or reservoirs. Here we report for the first time the crab Dilocarcinus pagei in the Paranapanema River basin, and list the freshwater species that were introduced similarly. During field samplings between 2012/2016, and 2018/2019, we captured 10 individuals of D. pagei. One female in the Rosana Reservoir; and two juveniles, one female and six males in the Taquaruçu Reservoir. The literature review revealed 16 species used as live bait, the crab D. pagei and 15 fish species. Gymnotiformes were the largest number of species used as live bait. The basins that had introduction cases were in the Upper Paraná, Iguaçu, and Paraíba do Sul Rivers. The Paraguay-Lower Paraná River was the system that contributed with nine species to the most invaded ecoregion in Brazil, the Upper Paraná River basin. Anglers and live bait farmers should be aware of the risks and consequences of these constant introduction actions (propagule pressure), not releasing baits. In addition, the live bait trade must be monitored and controlled to occur only with species in their original river basin.
Inventory Management Practices and Supply Chain Performance of Antiretroviral Medicines in Public Hospitals in Nyamira County, Kenya
Authors: Johnson Anyona , Peter Karimi , Shital Maru
Published: September 2021

BackgroundUnreliable supply systems have plagued the provision of an uninterrupted supply of life- saving medicines in many developing countries, with antiretroviral (ARV) medicines having the worst repercussions.ObjectiveTo identify the inventory management practices used, evaluate the supply chain performance, and determine the challenges affecting inventory management of ARV medicines in public hospitals.MethodsThe study used a descriptive cross-sectional design, gathering snapshot data on inventory management practices happening in all the 8 public hospitals across Nyamira County. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, checklists and data from the national health information system.ResultsThe response rate was 97.3% for the questionnaires and 100% for the key informant interviews. The prevailing inventory management practices were: use of scheduled inventory control model (80.95%), forecasting demand using previous consumption data (100%), keeping accurate and updated stock records for each commodity (92.31%), having essential logistical data in reports (100%), including safety stock (61.54%) when ordering and keeping ARV medicines in dedicated stores (75%). With the exception of order lead time (17.98 days), the other supply chain performance metrics namely stock out rate (52.12%), stock wastage rate (43.2%), and reporting rates (70.84%) were found to be deficient. The challenges mostly affecting inventory management included inadequate staff and training, lack of proper storage, and unreliable supply of medicines.ConclusionInventory management practices were according to the recommended best approaches despite various challenges. The supply chain performance metrics evaluated, with the exception of order lead time, were all found to be unsatisfactory owing to the high stock out rates, below par reporting rates and high stock wastage rate due to expiries discovered. Adoption of an electronic inventory system, use of data for decision making, dedicated storage of ARV medicines, and inclusion of buffer stock, are some strategies to improve inventory management.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(2): 257-268
Zooarchaeology and Taphonomic Aspects of Later Stone Age Faunal Assemblage from Loiyangalani Site in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Masele Frank
Published: September 2021

The paper presents detailed zooarchaeological and taphonomic results on the Later Stone Age (LSA) faunal assemblage. The contributions of various taphonomic agents in the formation of the assemblage are accentuated. The assemblage is well-preserved and the majority of specimens are not highly weathered. Fluvial disturbance did not play a significant role and can be ruled out as a significant taphonomic agent in the formation. Results indicate that LSA humans exploited high-quality nutritional resources mainly of the large-sized animals and aquatic resources as extra sources of meat and fat. The assemblage preserves stone tools butchery marks (cut marks and percussion marks) and carnivore marks (tooth marks) albeit few. Overall, the faunal assemblage exhibits high anthropogenic inputs and marginal carnivore involvement.

Keywords:    Zooarchaeology; Taphonomy; Later Stone Age; Serengeti National Park; Loiyangalani; Tanzania
Utilization of Iron Filings as Partial Replacements for Sand in Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Olawale Simon O. , Kareem Mutiu A. , Muritala Habeeb T. , Adebanjo Abiola U. , Alabi Olusegun O. , Olawuyi Oluwole A. , Fadipe Olusola O.
Published: September 2021

The use of industrial by-products in concrete production is part of concerted efforts on the reduction of environmental hazards attributed to the mining of conventional aggregates. Consideration of iron filings (IF), a by-product from steel production process, is an environmentally friendly way of its disposal which is expected to yield economic concrete production. Six self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes were made by partially substituting river sand with IF at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and the mix without IF (0% IF) served as the control. The water-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.45 was adopted for all mixes. The fresh state properties of SCC evaluated include: filling ability determined using slump flow and T500 mm slump flow tests, passing ability determined using L-box test and segregation resistance determined using V-funnel tests. The strength properties of SCC considered were compressive and tensile strengths. All the SCC mixes met the fresh properties requirements for filling capacity, passing ability, and segregation resistance. The 28-day compressive and tensile strengths of SCC increased by 3.46% and 8.08%, respectively, with IF replacement up to 15% compared to the control SCC. However, there was reduction in compressive and tensile strengths of SCC with IF replacement beyond 15%. The strength properties of SCC is considerably enhanced with the addition of up to 15% IF. Hence, the optimum content of 15% IF is considered suitable as a replacement for river sand in SCC.

Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; iron filings; fine aggregates; filling ability; passing ability
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Areas Surrounding Thundulu Phosphate Mine, Phalombe District, Malawi
Authors: Jailos Philip , Chimtali Peter J. , Vunain Ephraim
Published: September 2021

Water is one of the renewable resources essential for sustaining all forms of life and quality of drinking water is very fundamental for human health. Human activities such as mining act as sources of water contamination which consequently lead to ecological, environmental and health problems. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted around the Thundulu Phosphate Mine to establish the quality of drinking water. In this regard, this study was carried out to evaluate the physico-chemical water quality parameters of areas surrounding the Thundulu Phosphate Mine in Phalombe District. Groundwater samples from the villages surrounding the Phosphate Mine were collected both during the wet and dry seasons for analysis of physico-chemical water quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrate, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, iron, calcium and magnesium). The study also investigated microbiological water characteristics mainly Escherichia coli and faecal coliforms. Results showed that pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrate, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, calcium and magnesium complied with the national and international standards set by Malawi Bureau of Standards (MBS) and World Health Organization (WHO). As regards to microbiological characteristics, it was revealed that water from three sources (B2, B3 and B4) was contaminated with Escherichia coli and faecal coliforms.

Keywords:       Physico-chemical; Groundwater; Phalombe; Borehole; Electrical Conductivity; Turbidity; Phosphate;
An Age-Structured Model for Transmission Dynamics of Malaria with Infected Immigrants and Asymptomatic Carriers
Authors: Kalula Asha S , Mureithi Eunice , Marijani Theresia , Mbalawata Isambi
Published: September 2021

An age-structured (children and adults) model for the transmission dynamics of malaria with asymptomatic carriers and infected immigrants has been analyzed. We first analyze a model without infected immigrants. It shows that the disease-free equilibrium exists and is stable when and unstable for . Also, we compute the sensitivity indices of the basic reproduction number. The basic reproduction number is most sensitive to the mosquito biting rate. Besides, the sensitivity of the basic reproduction number shows that the children's class parameters are more sensitive than those of adults. In the presence of infected immigrants, the model does not admit a disease-free equilibrium. The sensitivity of endemic equilibrium shows that the asymptomatic carrier parameters are more critical than that of infected immigrants. Also, the inflow of infectious immigrants is sensitive than that of infected immigrants. The results obtained indicate that strategies that target asymptomatic carriers and infected immigrants can help control malaria.

Keywords: Age-structure; malaria; immigrants; asymptomatic carrier; nonlinear ODE model
Imaginarios sociales de las vulnerabilidades climáticas de la ciudad de La Paz, Bolivia
Authors: Yañez Aguilar Sintia Lorena
Published: September 2021

La ciudad de La Paz es la capital administrativa del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, se encuentran a 3600 m s. n. m. y cuenta con un clima de alta montaña, por su altura y topografía es considera como una de las ciudades más altas y complejas del mundo. Esta investigación buscó reconocer las vulnerabilidades climáticas de la ciudad de La Paz a través de la aplicación de una metodología que no busca mayorías o porcentajes que, por sí mismos, tengan un significado concluyente; más bien, trató de hacer observable la construcción que la población de la ciudad de La Paz hace de la realidad de sus vulnerabilidades climáticas. Del análisis efectuado, se concluye que los imaginarios sociales concebidos por la población de La Paz sobre las vulnerabilidades climáticas están más bien equiparados a una suerte de amenazas, con una gestión histórica de riesgo fundada en la resistencia y en la contención de las amenazas, y en la posterior compensación de las consecuencias. De hecho, no se menciona la gestión de vulnerabilidades (exposición y sensibilidad). De esta manera es como la población lo entiende, lo siente y lo ha vivido.
Análisis fractal de redes microvasculares en retinas humanas
Authors: Santiago Cortés Elizabeth , Martinez Ledezma Juan Luis , Mantilla Sandoval Daniel Augusto
Published: September 2021

Presentamos el análisis fractal de redes microvasculares en retinas humanas. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 10 pacientes enfermos que presentan patologías asociadas a retinopatías. El valor promedio de la dimensión fractal del sistema vascular de la retina obtenido para pacientes enfermos es de 1,55 ± 0,05. Al comparar estos resultados con estudios previos que utilizaron las mismas imágenes pero con diferentes técnicas de segmentación, se concluye que el valor unifractal no se puede utilizar para la detección y cuantificación de pacientes con alguna patolog´ıa ni comparar la arquitectura de su retina con la de pacientes sanos.