bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant communities and landform relationships delineate the components of soil complexes subject to whole‐tree harvest restriction
Authors: Richard Robert P. , Kane Evan S. , Bronson Dustin R. , Maclean Ann L. , Kolka Randall K.
Published: February 2021

Whole‐tree harvesting practices are often restricted on soils with intrinsically low soil nutrients. Delineating restricted soil components from nonrestricted components presents a challenge for forest practitioners working with glaciofluvial parent materials. We investigated a suite of biological and edaphic factors to assess if restricted soil components are functionally distinct from nonrestricted soil components in partially restricted soil complexes across northern Wisconsin, USA. This study tested repeatable methods for soil delineation based on soil particle size, varying in spatial extent, and are independent of county boundaries or discrepancies across soil survey areas. Habitat type provided the most robust tool to distinguish the soil components and is the recommended approach. Habitat typing currently requires field data collection, since it does not exist as a geographic information system product in Wisconsin. Timber sale establishment often occurs during the off‐season when habitat typing is not possible. In this case, an additional decision tree including habitat type and deviation from mean elevation (DEV) model is provided to estimate soil components remotely and verify the results when habitat typing is feasible. The 1,300‐m radius DEV performed best with a 10‐m digital elevation model, and reflects the differences between moraines and outwash plains landforms. These findings suggest that the utility of the DEV model and spatially explicit soil textural information in delineating restricted series from soil complexes has promise in light of improved remotely sensed information and geographic information system technologies that can be field‐validated by habitat type.
Adipose-derived regenerative cells and lipotransfer in alleviating breast cancer-related lymphedema: An open-label phase I trial with 4 years of follow-up
Authors: Jørgensen Mads Gustaf , Toyserkani Navid Mohamadpour , Jensen Charlotte Harken , Andersen Ditte Caroline , Sheikh Søren Paludan , Sørensen Jens Ahm
Published: February 2021

Patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) have reduced quality of life and arm function. Current treatments are palliative, and treatments improving lymphedema are lacking. Preclinical studies have suggested that adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) can alleviate lymphedema. We, therefore, aimed to assess whether ADRCs can alleviate lymphedema in clinical reality with long-term follow-up. We treated 10 patients with BCRL using ADRCs and a scar-releasing lipotransfer to the axillary region, and all patients were followed 1, 3, 6, 12, and 48 months after treatment. The primary endpoint was change in arm volume. Secondary endpoints were safety, change in lymphedema symptoms, quality of life, lymphedema-associated cellulitis, and conservative treatment use. There was no significant decrease in BCRL volume after treatment. However, self-reported upper extremity disability and arm heaviness and tension improved. Six patients reduced their use of conservative BCRL treatment. Five patients felt that their BCRL had improved substantially, and four of these would redo the treatment. We did not observe any cases of locoregional breast cancer recurrence. In this phase I study with 4 years of follow-up, axillary delivered ADRCs and lipotransfer were safe and feasible and improved BCRL symptoms and upper extremity function. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the results of this study.
Incorporating the dilution effect in group testing regression
Authors: Mokalled Stefani C. , McMahan Christopher S. , Tebbs Joshua M. , Andrew Brown Derek , Bilder Christopher R.
Published: February 2021

When screening for infectious diseases, group testing has proven to be a cost efficient alternative to individual level testing. Cost savings are realized by testing pools of individual specimens (eg, blood, urine, saliva, and so on) rather than by testing the specimens separately. However, a common concern that arises in group testing is the so‐called “dilution effect.” This occurs if the signal from a positive individual's specimen is diluted past an assay's threshold of detection when it is pooled with multiple negative specimens. In this article, we propose a new statistical framework for group testing data that merges estimation and case identification, which are often treated separately in the literature. Our approach considers analyzing continuous biomarker levels (eg, antibody levels, antigen concentrations, and so on) from pooled samples to estimate both a binary regression model for the probability of disease and the biomarker distributions for cases and controls. To increase case identification accuracy, we then show how estimates of the biomarker distributions can be used to select diagnostic thresholds on a pool‐by‐pool basis. Our proposals are evaluated through numerical studies and are illustrated using hepatitis B virus data collected on a prison population in Ireland.
Investigating the temporal relationship between proactive burnout prevention and burnout: A four‐wave longitudinal study
Authors: Otto Madelon C. B. , Van Ruysseveldt Joris , Hoefsmit Nicole , Van Dam Karen
Published: February 2021

Given the detrimental effects of burnout for individuals and organizations, it is of crucial importance to better understand the self‐initiated actions employees take to prevent burnout. While such proactive burnout prevention is likely to reduce burnout complaints, these activities may also be frustrated by high burnout levels. This means that proactive burnout prevention and burnout can negatively affect each other over time. The present study used a four‐wave longitudinal panel design to investigate temporal relationships between proactive burnout prevention and burnout over 3, 6 and 9 weeks. Participants were 165 employees in the financial services industry who provided data on all four measurement occasions. The outcomes of structural equation modelling provided support for the hypothesized combined effects model compared to the lagged and reversed effects models. The findings suggest that proactive burnout prevention can help to prevent burnout, while engagement in these behaviours may be hindered by high initial levels of burnout. Employees should therefore intervene before their resource pool becomes too depleted and they lack the energy or mental strength to invest resources, in order to proactively retain or regain resources.
Rare‐Earth‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks as Multifunctional Platforms for Catalytic Conversion
Authors: Shi Xiaomeng , Cao Bo , Liu Jinghai , Zhang Jun , Du Yaping
Published: February 2021

The development of catalytic conversion is very important for human society. In the catalytic process, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can be utilized to obtain effective catalysts for their porous structures and adjustable properties. In addition, the introduction of rare‐earth (RE) elements with unique properties for catalysts can realize good catalytic performances. Thus, the RE‐MOF related catalysts for catalytic conversion are summarized. Due to the cooperation of RE elements and porous MOF structures, the RE‐based MOFs can be used as promising catalysts or precursors/supports for other catalysts in the areas of energy conversion, environmental governance, and organic synthesis. These aggregated studies highlight the RE‐MOFs as promising candidates for catalytic conversion.
Rolled‐Up Metal Oxide Microscaffolds to Study Early Bone Formation at Single Cell Resolution
Authors: Herzer Raffael , Gebert Annett , Hempel Ute , Hebenstreit Franziska , Oswald Steffen , Damm Christine , Schmidt Oliver G. , Medina‐Sánchez Mariana
Published: February 2021

Titanium and its alloys are frequently used to replace structural components of the human body due to their high mechanical strength, low stiffness, and biocompatibility. In particular, the use of porous materials has improved implant stabilization and the promotion of bone. However, it remains unclear which material properties and geometrical cues are optimal for a proper osteoinduction and osseointegration. To that end, transparent tubular microscaffolds are fabricated, mimicking the typical pores of structural implants, with the aim of studying early bone formation and cell–material interactions at the single cell level. Here, a β‐stabilized alloy Ti‐45Nb (wt%) is used for the microscaffold's fabrication due to its elastic modulus close to that of natural bone. Human mesenchymal stem cell migration, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation is thus investigated, paying particular attention to the CaP formation and cell‐body crystallization, both analyzed via optical and electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that the developed platform is suited for the long‐term study of living single cells in an appropriate microenvironment, obtaining in the process deeper insights on early bone formation and providing cues to improve the stability and biocompatibility of current structural implants.
3D Thioether‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective and Efficient Mercury Removal
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Li Hui , Chang Jianhong , Guan Xinyu , Tang Lingxue , Fang Qianrong , Valtchev Valentin , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun
Published: February 2021

Developing functionalized 3D covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) is critical to broaden their potential applications. However, the introduction of specific functionality in 3D COFs remains a great challenge because most of the functional groups are not compatible with the synthesis conditions. Herein, for the first time 3D thioether‐based COFs (JUC‐570 and JUC‐571) for mercury (Hg2+) removal from aqueous solution is reported. These 3D thioether‐based COFs prepared by the bottom‐up approach display high Hg2+ uptakes (972 mg g−1 for JUC‐570 and 970 mg g−1 for JUC‐571 at pH = 5), fast adsorption kinetics (distribution coefficient Kd value of 2.29 × 107 mL g−1 for JUC‐570 and 2.07 × 107 mL g−1 for JUC‐571), and favorable selectivity. In particular, JUC‐570 is periodically decorated with isopropyl groups around imine bonds that markedly improve its chemical stability and effectively prevent the pore collapse, and thus endows high Hg2+ adsorption capacity (619 mg g−1) and excellent cycle performance even at pH = 1. This study not only puts forward a new route to construct stable functionalized 3D COFs, but also promotes their potential applications in areas related to the environment.
HPV‐Associated Tumor Eradication by Vaccination with Synthetic Short Peptides and Particle‐Forming Liposomes
Authors: He Xuedan , Zhou Shiqi , Quinn Breandan , Jahagirdar Dushyant , Ortega Joaquin , Abrams Scott I. , Lovell Jonathan F.
Published: February 2021

Human papilloma virus (HPV)‐16 is associated with cervical cancers and induces expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes. Using a murine cell line that expresses these, the genes are sequenced, and six predicted major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC‐I) epitopes are identified. A liposomal vaccine adjuvant based on cobalt–porphyrin‐phospholipid (CoPoP) is admixed with synthetic 9‐mer epitopes appended with three histidine residues, resulting in rapid formation of peptide–liposome particles. Immunization with multivalent peptides leads to protection from tumor challenge. Of the peptides screened, only the previously identified E749–57 epitope is functional. The peptide–liposome particles that form upon mixing E7HHH49–57 with CoPoP liposomes are stable in serum and are avidly taken up by immune cells in vitro. Immunization results in robust protection from tumor challenge and re‐challenge. A 100 ng peptide dose protects mice in a therapeutic tumor challenge when admixed with CoPoP liposomes, whereas 200‐fold higher peptide doses are ineffective with the polyinosinic–polycytidylic (poly(I:C)) adjuvant. CoPoP induces a strong infiltrating CD8+ T‐cell response within the tumor microenvironment with an improved functional profile. Vaccine monotherapy using nanogram dosing of the E7HHH49–57 peptide admixed with CoPoP reverses the growth of large established tumors, eradicating subcutaneous tumors upwards of 100 mm3. Immunization also eradicates lung tumors in a metastasis model.
Dynamic Coloration of Complex Emulsions by Localization of Gold Rings Near the Triphase Junction
Authors: Ku Kang Hee , McDonald Benjamin R. , Vijayamohanan Harikrishnan , Zentner Cassandra A. , Nagelberg Sara , Kolle Mathias , Swager Timothy M.
Published: February 2021

Multiphase microscale emulsions are a material platform that can be tuned and dynamically configured by a variety of chemical and physical phenomena, rendering them inexpensive and broadly programmable optical transducers. Interface engineering underpins many of these sensing schemes but typically focuses on manipulating a single interface, while engineering of the multiphase junctions of complex emulsions remains underexplored. Herein, multiphilic triblock copolymer surfactants are synthesized and assembled at the triphase junction of a dynamically reconfigurable biphasic emulsion. Tailoring the linear structure and composition of the polymer surfactants provides affinity to each phase of the complex emulsion (hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, and continuous water phase), yielding selective localization of polymers around the triphase junction. Conjugation of these polymers with gold nanoparticles, forming structured rings, affords a dynamic reflected isotropic structural color that tracks with emulsion morphology, demonstrating the uniquely enabling nature of a functionalized triphase interface. This color is the result of interference of light along the internal hydrocarbon/fluorocarbon interface, with the gold nanoparticles scattering and redirecting light into total internal reflection competent paths. Thus, the functionalization of the triphase junction renders complex emulsions colorimetric sensors, a powerful tool toward sensitive and simple sensing platforms.
The political economy of drug and alcohol regulation during theCOVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Redford Audrey , Dills Angela K.
Published: February 2021

States tightly regulate access to alcohol and other substances. During the pandemic and related state of emergency, state and federal governments adopted a variety of regulations affecting this access. State shelter‐in‐place orders included decisions about whether liquor stores and marijuana dispensaries are essential businesses. Decisions about telehealth access to medical marijuana or treatments for substance use disorders were made at the state and federal levels. This article examines the political economy behind these decisions, focusing on deviations from the norm including Pennsylvania's decision to close state‐run liquor stores. Interest groups and other political considerations help explain state and federal policy changes affecting access to alcohol and other substances.
Improving Hole‐Conductor‐Free Fully Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells’ Performance with Enhanced Open‐Circuit Voltage via the Octyltrimethylammonium Chloride Additive
Authors: Yang Kai , Liu Shuang , Du Jiankang , Zhang Weihua , Huang Qingyi , Zhang Wenhao , Hu Wenjing , Hu Yue , Rong Yaoguang , Mei Anyi , Han Hongwei
Published: February 2021

Hole‐conductor‐free fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (MPSCs) based on mp‐TiO2/mp‐ZrO2/carbon triple mesoscopic layers are competitive candidates among various rapidly developed PSCs for future photovoltaic applications due to the characteristics of low‐cost, easy upscaling, and superior stability. However, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) loss in printable MPSCs is relatively large compared to that in conventional PSCs, deteriorating the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, the VOC loss is reduced by the octyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC) additive. OTAC is found to upshift the Fermi level of TiO2 and passivate trap states in bulk MAPbI3 perovskite, thus optimizing the energy‐level alignment of the TiO2/perovskite heterojunction and suppressing nonradiative recombination in devices. As a result, MPSCs deliver the highest PCE of 16.53% with an improved VOC of 1007 mV. The work demonstrates a facile strategy to reduce the VOC loss in printable MPSCs by simultaneously optimizing the energy‐level alignment and suppressing nonradiative recombination.
Material Design and Surface/Interface Engineering of Photoelectrodes for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Hu Yingfei , Huang Huiting , Feng Jianyong , Wang Wei , Guan Hangmin , Li Zhaosheng , Zou Zhigang
Published: February 2021

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting can convert solar energy into clean and renewable hydrogen energy, showing a promising application prospect. However, large‐scale implementation of PEC water splitting is now hampered by insufficient solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency, which requires the development of high‐performance photoelectrodes. Key processes that determine the water splitting performance of photoelectrodes are the light absorption, separation, and transport efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes and the surface reaction of water oxidation/reduction. Concerning these three key processes, various material design and surface/interface engineering strategies have been explored to improve the performance of photoelectrodes. Herein, these strategies for photoelectrode optimization of the past decades are summarized and discussed in terms of micro‐ and nanostructuring, heterojunction construction, element doping, surface passivation, plasmonic metal coating, and electrocatalyst modification. Special attention is given to how these strategies play their roles in improving the performance of photoelectrodes, based on which it is hoped light is shed on the design principles and modification routes for high‐performance photoelectrodes.
The human in model‐driven engineering loop: A case study on integrating handwritten code in model‐driven engineering repositories
Authors: Rahad Khandoker , Badreddin Omar , Mohsin Reza Sayed
Published: February 2021

In model‐driven engineering (MDE) software projects, large portions of the executable code are automatically generated from designs and models. This generated code may or may not be edited by the developers to achieve their development objectives. MDE projects also include a significant amount of handwritten code (HC). This handwritten code is developed under unique constraints, as it must integrate with generated artifacts and code elements that are not directly developed by the engineers. These constraints adversely affect codebase quality and maintainability. This case study aims to investigate the hypothesis pertaining to the handwritten code quality developed in the context of MDE. The study analyzes these unique code fragments and compares their characteristics to handwritten code in repositories where code generation is not present. The study finds that handwritten code quality in the MDE context suffers from elevated technical debt and code smells. We observe key code smells that are particularly evident in this handwritten code. These findings imply that code generators must optimize for human comprehension, prioritize extensibility, and must facilitate integration with handwritten code elements.
Digital forensic readiness intelligence crime repository
Authors: Kebande Victor R. , Karie Nickson M. , Choo Kim‐Kwang Raymond , Alawadi Sadi
Published: February 2021

It may not always be possible to conduct a digital (forensic) investigation post‐event if there is no process in place to preserve potential digital evidence. This study posits the importance of digital forensic readiness, or forensic‐by‐design, and presents an approach that can be used to construct a Digital Forensic Readiness Intelligence Repository (DFRIR). Based on the concept of knowledge sharing, the authors leverage this premise to suggest an intelligence repository. Such a repository can be used to cross‐reference potential digital evidence (PDE) sources that may help digital investigators during the process. This approach employs a technique of capturing PDE from different sources and creating a DFR repository that can be able to be shared across diverse jurisdictions among digital forensic experts and law enforcement agencies (LEAs), in the form of intelligence. To validate the approach, the study has employed a qualitative approach based on a number of metrics and an analysis of experts' opinion has been incorporated. The DFRIR seeks to maximize the collection of PDE, and reducing the time needed to conduct forensic investigation (e.g., by reducing the time for learning). This study then explains how such an approach can be employed in conjunction with ISO/IEC 27043: 2015.
Binding Site Effect in Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Property Regulation of Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Peng , Shen Yu , Li Hongfeng , Shi Wenxiong , Zhang Lulu , Pan Ting , Pei Wenbo , Zhang Weina , Huo Fengwei
Published: February 2021

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) supported on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have exhibited excellent performance in various catalytic reactions. As a class of crystal catalysts, the roles played by MOFs different positions in regulating the MNPs properties are distinct. It is therefore meaningful to clarify the influence of different positions of MOFs on MNPs to help reveal the structure–activity relationship. However, the random dispersion of MNPs in the MOFs matrixes is usually an obstacle existing in the traditional preparation methods. Herein, a facile strategy is developed to precisely control the MNPs growth behavior on the target binding sites of MOFs. The MNPs on edges of MOFs show significantly improved hydrogen evolution reaction performance in comparison to those on the planes of MOFs, mainly because the electronic structure of MNPs is regulated by special interface originating from MNPs growth on the edges of MOFs, which provides high density of unsaturated copper ions. The effect of different binding sites of MOFs on MNPs properties is clarified, which is highly desired for fine‐tuning the structures and properties of the MOF composites.
Advances to High‐Performance Black‐Phase FAPbI3 Perovskite for Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Haoran , Chen Yuetian , Zhang Taiyang , Liu Xiaomin , Wang Xingtao , Zhao Yixin
Published: February 2021

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3)‐based perovskites have become one of the most promising candidate materials for high efficiency and thermally stable perovskite solar cells due to their outstanding optoelectrical properties and high thermal stability. However, the phase degradation of black FAPbI3 perovskite phase to yellow nonperovskite phase at ambient conditions restricts the long‐term stability of FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells. Such phase transition can be affected by various conditions especially under humidity and thermal stress. To address the phase instability issue, tremendous research efforts have been devoted to crystallizing high‐quality black phase and refraining the photoinactive δ‐phase formation. Herein, first, these research efforts are summarized for the deposition of FAPbI3 perovskite film and the stabilization of pure α‐FAPbI3 perovskite, then the FAPbI3 structural features and phase transformation behavior are discussed. The corresponding strategies for maintaining black phase and enhancing optical properties of FAPbI3 perovskite is also concluded. Second, the latest progress and achievement of stabilizing black‐phase FAPbI3 are discussed through various methods including additives, doping, and alloying, interfacial engineering, etc. Finally, the future research directions and strategies to achieve high efficiency and stable FAPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells are described.
Longitudinal joints of tubbings with newly designed high‐strength reinforcement
Authors: Wolfger Hannes , Proksch‐Weilguni Clemens , Kollegger Johann
Published: February 2021

Continuous tunneling using a tunnel‐boring machine is a very popular method when it comes to the construction of large tunnel projects. The use of precast reinforced concrete elements, called tubbings, is a highly economical way to secure the tunnel post excavation. Unfortunately, a loss of the load‐bearing capacity has been observed in the past in the joints between the tubbings. Reasons for that are among others the required reduction of the cross section in the longitudinal joint area and, above all, the high normal compressive forces that arise due to soil pressure. This paper describes experimental testing of longitudinal joints of tubbings conducted at TU Wien. The increase of the load‐bearing capacity of a newly designed and optimized tubbing with high‐strength joint‐compressive reinforcement, which was developed and patented by the Institute of Structural Engineering at TU Wien, is presented. The high‐strength steel is characterized by its high yield strength of 670 MPa, as well as the very large available bar diameters of up to 75 mm. This new optimized tubbing enables the production of thinner tubbings compared to conventional designs, and can thus achieve a reduction in material, transport and excavation costs.
Identification and assessment of alleles in the promoter of the Cyc‐B gene that modulate levels of β‐carotene in ripe tomato fruit
Authors: Orchard Caleb J. , Cooperstone Jessica L. , Gas‐Pascual Elisabet , Andrade Marcela C. , Abud Gabriel , Schwartz Steven J. , Francis David M.
Published: February 2021

Novel diversity may be mined from databases and de novo sequencing, but functional characterization remains a limiting step to identifying new alleles. Classical
breeding approaches augmented by marker‐assisted selection offer a means to rapidly assess the function of new variation in coding or regulatory regions to modulate traits. We used the Cyc‐B gene (B) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for a proof of concept because of its role in the production of β‐carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid with importance to human nutrition. We measured carotenoid content in vintage and contemporary varieties and the profiles had a range of β‐carotene from 0.2 to 4.06 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight. We characterized variation in B from 84 sequences recovered from public databases and from an additional 29 high β‐carotene tomato, S. galapagense S. C. Darwin & Peralta, and S. cheesmaniae (L. Riley) Fosberg accessions. Thirteen unique haplotypes across 1600 bp of sequence 5′ to the first ATG were identified with 11 occurring in high β‐carotene accessions we sequenced, and additional haplotypes were identified in public data. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the alleles in high β‐carotene varieties were derived from wild species. Association analysis suggested two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the most likely causes of high β‐carotene, presumably through their influence on transcription of B that is elevated in ripening fruit. A marker‐assisted backcross breeding scheme leveraging SNPs for background genome selection was used to rapidly develop germplasm resources containing different alleles of B in a uniform genetic background. Evaluation demonstrated that distinct promoter haplotypes function as different alleles that can be used to modulate the levels of β‐carotene in tomato.
Electrical, rheological, and mechanical properties copolymer/carbon black composites
Authors: Alves Amanda M. , Cavalcanti Shirley N. , da Silva Moacy P. , Freitas Daniel M. G. , Agrawal Pankaj , de Mélo Tomás J. A.
Published: February 2021

This work aims to evaluate the electrical conductivity and the rheological and mechanical properties of copolymer/carbon black (CB) conductive polymer composites (CPCs). The copolymers, containing ethylene groups in their structure, used as matrix were polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PEgMA), ethylene‐methyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate (EMA‐GMA), and ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA). For comparison purposes, bio‐based polyethylene (BioPE)/CB composites were also studied. The electrical conductivity results showed that the electrical percolation threshold of BioPE/CB composite was 0.36 volume fraction of CB, whereas the rheological percolation threshold was 0.25 volume fraction of CB. The most conductive CPC was BioPE/CB. Among the copolymer/CB CPCs, PEgMA/CB showed the highest conductivity, which can be attributed to the fact that the PEgMA copolymer had higher crystallinity. It also has a higher amount of ethylene groups in its structure. Torque rheometry analysis indicated that EMA‐GMA copolymer may have reacted with CB. Rheological measurements under oscillatory shear flow indicated the formation of a percolated network in BioPE/CB and copolymer/CB composites. Morphology analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the formation of a percolated network structure in BioPE/CB composite and finely dispersed CB particles within the PEgMA copolymer. Wetting of CB particles/agglomerates by the copolymer matrix was observed in EVA/CB and EMA‐GMA/CB composites. Conductive CB acted as reinforcing filler as it increased the elastic modulus and tensile strength of BioPE and the copolymers.
The Colors of Quail Science
Authors: Hernández Fidel
Published: February 2021

Humans engage in 2 modes of thinking: an associative mode and a reasoning mode. Institutions and scientific education primarily have focused on reasoning, even though the associative mode is linked to creativity and has been actively nurtured and used by influential scientists. The inattentiveness by scientific institutions toward associative thinking is such that it has been called the forgotten half of scientific thinking, and few opportunities exist for its professional exercising. I was fortunate to have been granted such an opportunity through an invitation to speak at a symposium honoring the retirement of a noted quail scientist. The symposium directive was simple: complete intellectual freedom to explore any quail topic as long as it was grounded in science. These were ideal and welcomed conditions for engaging in associative thought and nurturing dual thinking—that is, thinking engaging both association and reasoning. Here I provide my scientific reflections. The general themes range from psychology to chaos to dialectical philosophy. Although the topics may seem far removed from quail, I highlight their potential relevancy. I offer these reflections in the spirit of stimulating scientific curiosity in the natural world, as an encouragement to push the boundaries of quail science, and, ultimately, with the hope of encouraging further opportunities for dual thinking in science. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
New Crystal Structures of Rare‐Earth Metal(III) Oxotellurates(IV) RE2Te3O9: A1‐Type (RE=La, Ce) and A2‐Type (RE=Pr, Nd)
Authors: Chou Sheng‐Chun , Höss Patrick , Russ Philip L. , Strobel Sabine , Schleid Thomas
Published: February 2021

The new rare‐earth metal(III) oxotellurates(IV) RE2Te3O9 (RE=La−Nd) of the so far unknown A‐type structure can be obtained as needle‐shaped single crystals through solid‐state reactions of the corresponding binary oxides. Their crystal structures were determined as A1‐type for RE=La and Ce or A2‐type for RE=Pr and Nd by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both structure types crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system, but in two different non‐centrosymmetric space groups: the A1‐type with Z=8 in space group P21 (La2Te3O9: a=569.54(3), b=2230.12(13), c=1464.71(4) pm, β=101.205(3)°; Ce2Te3O9: a=567.02(3), b=2222.61(13), c=1457.13(9) pm, β=101.134(3)°) or the A2‐type with Z=16 in space group Cc (Pr2Te3O9: a=2838.61(16), b=563.89(3), c=2522.08(15) pm, β=118.816(3)°; Nd2Te3O9: a=2826.38(16), b=561.47(3), c=2511.94(15) pm, β=118.841(3)°). In spite of the differences in the unit‐cell parameters and the symmetry, both structures consist of quite similar fundamental building blocks (FBBs) consisting of eight crystallographically distinct rare‐earth metal‐oxygen polyhedra with C.N.(RE3+) from seven to nine and always twelve different ψ1‐tetrahedral oxotellurate(IV) anions [TeO3]2−, which show a high number of secondary bonding interactions (SBIs) with each other in all four cases.
Synthesis and structure of a new fluorescent sensor based on Ba(II)‐multicarboxylate for detection of Cu2+ ion
Authors: Ma Kui‐Rong , Yin Jing‐Zhou , Kan Yu‐He
Published: February 2021

A novel barium(II) coordination polymer (CP), [Ba3(L)2(H2O)4]n 1, has been firstly isolated based on organic ligand 1‐[(2′‐carboxybiphenyl‐4‐yl)methyl]‐2‐propylimidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid (H3L=(HO2C)2(C3N2)(C3H7)CH2(C6H4)(C6H3)CO2H) by hydrothermal technique, and determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions, elemental analysis, IR, powder X‐ray diffractions (PXRD). The Ba(II)‐CP 1 belongs to a novel 2‐D layer structure created from 1‐D serrated chain containing secondary building unit (SBU) [Ba(1)Ba(2)Ba(3)] via carboxylate group linkage. In 1, the ligand L3− gives a variety of coordinated styles, nonadentate: μ2:(η1η1), μ2:(η1η1), μ3:(η2η2) and decadentate: μ1:(η1η1), μ3:(η2η2), μ3:(η1η2), μ3:(η1η2), which is the first reported example. Moreover, the room‐temperature fluorescent measurements show that the Ba(II)‐CP 1 has specific ability to recognize copper(II) ion in aqueous solution by means of fluorescence quenching effect, corresponding obtained quenching constant Ksv=1.18×102 M−1 and the limit of detection LOD=0.274 μM. Fluorescence titration experiment reveals that there is a good linear relationship between copper ion concentration and fluorescence intensity in the concentration range of 2.0×10−6∼5.3×10−6 mol ⋅ L−1. The corresponding linear equation: y=402.41897–0.70486x, and linear correlation coefficient: R2=0.99866 (λex=310 nm and λem=412 nm).
Risk Management
Authors: Vives Joaquim , Amposta Judit
Published: February 2021

We live in a world of uncertainty. Moving forward in this context would be much easier if we could manage to identify, analyse, mitigate, and ultimately accept the most relevant threats, with a deep understanding of the actual significance of such risk(s). Remarkably, this strategy can be applied to any field of interest, from daily life to economics or medicine. Indeed, current quality standards in cellular therapy have already incorporated risk-based management in their guidelines. In this chapter, we present the concept of risk management as part of a quality management program and discuss by whom, why, how, and when this approach should be applied in order to benefit the production and use of safe and effective cell-based therapies in general and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in particular.
Development of Organizational Quality Management System
Authors: Huynh Phuong , Monteleone Renza
Published: February 2021

Development of a comprehensive quality management system (QMS) is often the most challenging and time-consuming exercise for the haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) programme as, at least in the first instance, it often requires a cultural shift in working, especially in the clinical HSCT programme. A QMS will only be successful if there is regular communication between all the staff involved. A variety of group and team meetings should be established in the haematopoietic cell transplant (HSCT) programme to demonstrate integration and ensure that the clinical, collection and laboratory units are all working together to achieve excellent communication, effective common working practices and quality assuring patient care.
Einleitung
Authors: Haus Juliane
Published: February 2021

Das Gefühl von Fremdheit und die Faszination des Unbekannten sind zentraler Quell der Erkenntnis in der ethnographischen Forschung. Meine anfängliche Begegnung mit dem Feld der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Laborforschung war von eben diesen Gefühlen geprägt. Es war eine Mischung aus Irritation und anerkennender Bewunderung. Diese wurde dadurch ausgelöst, dass es im Vollzug des wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Laborexperiments gelingt, bei einer gleichbleibenden Versuchsanordnung mit ganz unterschiedlichen Versuchspersonen zu ähnlichen quantitativen Ergebnissen zu gelangen. Aus einer qualitativen Forschungsperspektive, die das Interaktionsgeschehen selbst als den Modus der Wirklichkeitskonstruktion betrachtet, war dies faszinierend und befremdlich zugleich. Eben dieses Spannungsverhältnis ‚irritierter Neugierde‘ bildete den zentraler Motor für den Forschungsprozess, dessen Resultat die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift bildet. Um die Struktur der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift zu skizzieren, wird in dieser Einleitung ein kurzer Überblick über die Zielstellung der einzelnen Kapitel gegeben. Er dient hier nicht zu einer erschöpfenden inhaltlichen Zusammenfassung, sondern der allgemeinen Orientierung über den Verlauf des Argumentationsgangs.
Forschungsfeld experimentelle Wirtschaftswissenschaften
Authors: Haus Juliane
Published: February 2021

Experimente bilden ein klassisches Verfahren der empirischen Sozialforschung. In den unterschiedlichen sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen ist der Einsatz von Experimenten dabei verschiedentlich stark ausgeprägt. In den Wirtschaftswissenschaften und insbesondere im Bereich der Verhaltensökonomie gibt es eine deutliche Affinität für dieses Verfahren der empirischen Forschung. Hier insbesondere in der Form des Laborexperiments. Für die intensive Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen des wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Laborexperiments und seiner Eigengesetzlichkeit ist es hilfreich, sich in einem ersten Schritt mit den allgemeinen methodologischen Grundlagen des Experiments in den Sozialwissenschaften auseinanderzusetzen. Dieser Abschnitt widmet sich deshalb der Einführung zentraler Konzepte und methodologischer Ansprüche des experimentellen Forschungsdesigns, wie beispielsweise der Isolation, Kontrolle und Manipulation hypothesenrelevanter Variablen, dem Parallelgruppenmodell, den Verfahren der Randomisierung und Anonymisierung sowie dem Anspruch einer Kausalitätsanalyse, welche mit dem experimentellen Vorgehen verbundenen wird. Zur besseren Einordnung des Laborexperiments werden im Anschluss die drei (in der quantitativen Forschung) typischen Formen des Experiments – Laborexperiment, Feldexperiment und natürliches Experiment – kurz voneinander abgrenzt. Nach der Darstellung der Grundlagen des experimentellen Forschungsdesigns erfolgt im Kapitel 2.2 eine kurze Einführung in das Feld der experimentellen Wirtschaftsforschung und die feldinternen Begründungen für die Anwendung von experimentellen Datenerhebungsverfahren.
Konzeptionelle Perspektive
Authors: Haus Juliane
Published: February 2021

Im Zuge der Auseinandersetzung mit dem empirischen Phänomen des wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Laborexperiments entwickelte sich im Forschungsprozess eine ganz spezifische konzeptionelle Position heraus. Dieses Kapitel zielt darauf ab, diese Entwicklung transparent zu machen, da sie selbst als ein Ergebnis des Forschungsprozesses betrachtet wird. Die nachfolgenden Abschnitte dienen aus diesem Grund nicht der breiten Darstellung und Einordnung von Theorien, sondern der Charakterisierung von Forschungsperspektiven und ihren konzeptionellen Zugängen zur Erforschung sozialer Wirklichkeit. Die einzelnen Abschnitte des Kapitels widmet sich der Goffmanschen Perspektive (Abschnitt 3.1), der Ethnomethodologie (Abschnitt 3.2), der soziologischen Gattungsanalyse (Abschnitt 3.3) und dem kommunikativen Konstruktivismus (Abschnitt 3.4).
Cubic interaction vertices for massless higher spin supermultiplets in d = 4
Authors: Khabarov M. V. , Zinoviev Yu. M.
Published: February 2021

Abstract

We construct a range of supersymmetric cubic vertices for three massless higher spin supermultiplets in the four-dimensional space. We use frame-like multispinor formalism, which allows to avoid most of the technical difficulties and provides a uniform description for bosons and fermions. Our work is based on the so-called Fradkin-Vasiliev formalism for construction of the cubic vertices, which requires the non-zero cosmological constant. Thus we first construct the vertices in AdS space and then consider the flat limit. We show that the AdS supersymmetric vertex is a sum of four elementary vertices for supermultiplet components, while one of the vertices vanishes in the flat limit in agreement with the Metsaev’s classification.
Classification of primary constraints of quadratic non-metricity theories of gravity
Authors: D’Ambrosio Fabio , Heisenberg Lavinia
Published: February 2021

Abstract

We perform the ADM decomposition of a five-parameter family of quadratic non-metricity theories and study their conjugate momenta. After systematically identifying all possible conditions which can be imposed on the parameters such that different sets of primary constraints arise, we find that the five-parametric theory space can be compartmentalized into nine different sectors, based on the presence or absence of primary constraints. This classification allows to dismiss certain classes of theories as unphysical and invites further investigations into the remaining sectors, which may contain phenomenologically interesting modifications of General Relativity.
A (dummy’s) guide to working with gapped boundaries via (fermion) condensation
Authors: Lou Jiaqi , Shen Ce , Chen Chaoyi , Hung Ling-Yan
Published: February 2021

Abstract

We study gapped boundaries characterized by “fermionic condensates” in 2+1 d topological order. Mathematically, each of these condensates can be described by a super commutative Frobenius algebra. We systematically obtain the species of excitations at the gapped boundary/junctions, and study their endomorphisms (ability to trap a Majorana fermion) and fusion rules, and generalized the defect Verlinde formula to a twisted version. We illustrate these results with explicit examples. We also connect these results with topological defects in super modular invariant CFTs. To render our discussion self-contained, we provide a pedagogical review of relevant mathematical results, so that physicists without prior experience in tensor category should be able to pick them up and apply them readily.
Characterizations of canonically compactifiable graphs via intrinsic metrics and algebraic properties
Authors: Puchert Simon
Published: February 2021

We consider infinite graphs and the associated energy forms. We show that a graph is canonically compactifiable (i.e. all functions of finite energy are bounded) if and only if the underlying set is totally bounded with respect to any finite measure intrinsic metric. Furthermore, we show that a graph is canonically compactifiable if and only if the space of functions of finite energy is an algebra. These results answer questions in a recent work of Georgakopoulos, Haeseler, Keller, Lenz, and Wojciechowski.
Ready-to-eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11–13-year-olds: a school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial
Authors: Adolphus Katie , Hoyland Alexa , Walton Jenny , Quadt Frits , Lawton Clare L. , Dye Louise
Published: February 2021

Purpose

We tested the acute effect of breakfast (ready-to-eat-cereal [RTEC] and milk) versus (vs.) no breakfast on cognitive function and subjective state in adolescents.

Methods

Healthy adolescents (n = 234) aged 11–13 years were recruited to take part in this school-based, acute, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial with two interventions; Breakfast or No Breakfast. The breakfast intervention consisted of ad libitum intake of RTEC (up to 70 g) with milk (up to 300 ml) administered in a naturalistic school breakfast programme environment. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and + 70 and + 215 min post-intervention in a group-testing situation, similar to a school classroom context. The CANTAB test battery included: Simple Reaction Time (SRT), 5-Choice Reaction Time (5-CRT), Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP), and Paired Associates Learning (PAL; primary outcome). Data collection commenced January 2011 and ended May 2011. This trial was retrospectively registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03979027 on 07/06/2019.

Results

A significant effect of the intervention (CMH[1] = 7.29, p < 0.01) was found for the number of levels achieved on the PAL task. A significant difference between interventions was found when baseline performance reached level 2 (JT, z = 2.58, p < 0.01), such that 100% of participants in the breakfast intervention reached the maximum level 4 but only 41.7% of those in the no breakfast intervention reached level 4. A significant baseline*intervention interaction (F[1,202] = 6.95, p < 0.01) was found for total errors made on the PAL task, indicating that participants who made above-average errors at baseline reduced the total number of errors made at subsequent test sessions following breakfast consumption whilst those in the no breakfast intervention did not. There was a positive effect of breakfast on reaction time and visual-sustained attention. The results also demonstrated interactions of intervention with baseline cognitive performance, such that breakfast conferred a greater advantage for performance when baseline performance was poorer.

Conclusion

Consuming breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognition in adolescents.
Distinct amyloid-β and tau-associated microglia profiles in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gerrits Emma , Brouwer Nieske , Kooistra Susanne M. , Woodbury Maya E. , Vermeiren Yannick , Lambourne Mirjam , Mulder Jan , Kummer Markus , Möller Thomas , Biber Knut , Dunnen Wilfred F. A. den , De Deyn Peter P. , Eggen Bart J. L. , Boddeke Erik W. G. M.
Published: February 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is characterized by abnormal extracellular aggregates of amyloid-β and intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated tau tangles and neuropil threads. Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), are important for CNS homeostasis and implicated in AD pathology. In amyloid mouse models, a phagocytic/activated microglia phenotype has been identified. How increasing levels of amyloid-β and tau pathology affect human microglia transcriptional profiles is unknown. Here, we performed snRNAseq on 482,472 nuclei from non-demented control brains and AD brains containing only amyloid-β plaques or both amyloid-β plaques and tau pathology. Within the microglia population, distinct expression profiles were identified of which two were AD pathology-associated. The phagocytic/activated AD1-microglia population abundance strongly correlated with tissue amyloid-β load and localized to amyloid-β plaques. The AD2-microglia abundance strongly correlated with tissue phospho-tau load and these microglia were more abundant in samples with overt tau pathology. This full characterization of human disease-associated microglia phenotypes provides new insights in the pathophysiological role of microglia in AD and offers new targets for microglia-state-specific therapeutic strategies.