bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The need for education on phishing: a survey comparison of the UK and Qatar
Authors: Al‐Hamar Mariam , Dawson Ray , Al‐Hamar Jassim
Published: November 2011

Purpose

This paper seeks to focus on identifying the need for education to enhance awareness of the e‐mail phishing threat as the most effective way to reduce the risk of e‐mail phishing in one of the fastest growing economies in the world, the State of Qatar.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey comprising a questionnaire and interviews was used to investigate the awareness of phishing among Qatari citizens, their susceptibility to phishing and their views on the best method of defence against this attack, and this was compared to other developed nations, the UK in particular.

Findings

The paper concludes that phishing is becoming common and very successful because of people's susceptibility to such attack, largely due to insufficient awareness of the threat. Comparing Qatar with the UK, there were significant differences between responses in each country in most questionnaire variables, especially those identifying the vulnerability to phishing which was found to be very high in Qatar.

Research limitations/implications

The paper shows that there is a particular need for education on phishing in this fast developing country.

Practical implications

There is a growing threat in the use of phishing by hackers and some businesses to obtain information on individual users on the internet through e‐mail or the web. In some cases this has led to identity thefts and related illogical operations online both within and across countries. This paper has compared level of awareness of phishing in two countries and has the potential to shed light on attitudes and present status of e‐mail phishing with a view to developing ways of dealing with it and improving cyber security and international operations.

Originality/value

The paper adopts an innovative approach to study e‐mail phishing and compares results from two diverse countries. New ideas are advanced from the findings which are useful for understanding some operations in cyber space.
The Socratic dialogue in asynchronous online discussions: is constructivism redundant?
Authors: Kingsley Paul
Published: November 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to examine Socratic dialogue in asynchronous online discussions in relation to constructivism. The links between theory and practice in teaching are to be discussed whilst tracing the origins of Socratic dialogue and recent trends and use of seminar in research based institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

Many online degree courses employ asynchronous discussions where the teacher, acting as a moderator, is seen as the guide on the side rather than the sage on the stage. Such an approach, employing collaborative learning, is often described as constructivist. Practitioners may see the term constructivist as simply a convenient label to describe a range of effective teaching practices. Even when it is said that knowledge is constructed, this may be viewed as little more than a metaphor. There are however, behind these labels, epistemological theories such as radical constructivism and social constructivism which pose serious challenges to traditional views that perception is guided by contact with an independent reality and that science involves a search for objective truth. Many significant philosophical objections can be raised against these theories. The links between the theory and teaching practices of proven value are tenuous. There is an alternative explanation of the origins of teaching practices associated with asynchronous discussions.

Findings

Asynchronous discussion makes it possible for all students to make an initial written contribution based on both research and industry experience, as well as an extensive participation in a written debate. The relative ease of assessing contributions to a written debate helps overcome the problem of the seminar where only one person may get credit for his or her contribution. Contributions can to a great extent be made when it is convenient for both moderator and students.

Research limitations/implications

The present study has considered the case of one institution; it will be useful to examine it for many.

Practical implications

Asynchronous online discussion is one of the highest forms of Socratic dialogue.

Originality/value

This is a different approach to the traditional belief and new ideas for consideration are presented. The Socratic dialogue has been developed as both an oral and written tradition from the works of authors like Plato, through to the development of the medieval university with its disputations and oral examinations, the introduction of seminars in research based universities inspired by Humboldt, the development of scholarly journals, and on to the asynchronous online discussions in the era of the Web.
Moving to the patron's beat
Authors: Majors Rice , Mantz Stephen L.
Published: November 2011

Purpose

This article aims to examine how next‐generation library catalogs and discovery platforms have the potential to transform the challenges inherent in finding music materials in library collections.

Design/methodology/approach

The article discusses the characteristics of discovery platforms, the challenges of searching for music materials, and how discovery tools help users meet those challenges in new ways.

Findings

Discovery tools are particularly well suited to searching for music materials. They empower the user by providing effective tools such as facets and tags to manipulate the large, varied search results users encounter when searching for music materials.

Originality/value

The article views the features of discovery tools through the eyes of the end user searching for music materials.
Leadership in universities
Authors: Scott Peter
Published: November 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider whether recent changes in higher education – notably a tripling of student fees and the withdrawal of most direct public funding for teaching – pose fundamental challenges for the pattern of governance, leadership and management in colleges in universities. It considers the impact not only of these visible, politically‐driven changes but also of less visible and longer‐terms shifts in curriculum, teaching delivery, learning cultures and research organisation.

Design/methodology/approach

Higher education has changed more than most other publicly funded services. Within the space of two generations it has moved from being a collection of institutions catering for an academically (and socially) selected elite, to become a mass system enrolling almost half of young adults – and an increasing proportion of adult students. Yet its governance and management have been marked by continuity. This paper considers the challenges that this greatly extended role for higher education poses for leadership – but in the context of stable arrangements for governance and management. Higher education leadership is also compared, and contrasted with, leadership in other parts of the public sector.

Findings

Although higher education has been influenced by the New Public Management, it has changed less than other publicly funded services. Although Vice‐chancellors have taken on many of the trappings of executive leaders, most continue to be drawn from traditional academic backgrounds. Few professional managers have broken through into top leadership roles. Governance arrangements, in particular, have changed little – posing issues of strategic oversight and management accountability. Nevertheless, universities have demonstrated remarkable resilience and adaptability, experiencing few of the crises (financial and otherwise) common in other parts of the public sector. This apparent paradox may indicate how effective university leadership may be in the context of managing more open and distributed “knowledge” organisations.

Originality/value

Conventional wisdom, within central government and elsewhere, suggests that higher education may be experiencing a “deficit” in relation to modern leadership cultures. This paper challenges that assumption, suggesting that other parts of the public sector, especially, those employing a large number of expert and autonomous professionals, could learn from the experience of universities.
Cutaneous myoepithelioma arising within hidradenoma of the scalp
Authors: Jakate Kiran , Wong Kevin , Sirbovan Jane , Hanna Wedad
Published: November 2011

A 62‐year‐old man presented with a 2‐year history of a 2‐cm cystic mass involving his occiput. There had been recent enlargement, and the clinical impression was that of a pilar cyst. Histopathological sections showed a partially dermal solid and cystic proliferation. The tumor contained areas of glandular differentiation with cuboidal to columnar cells lining luminal and cystic spaces. A concurrent spindle cell proliferation was seen interspersed between glands and also formed broad, cellular sheets of cells. The stroma was sclerotic and without chondroid or myxoid elements. Immunohistochemistry showed that the spindled cells expressed S100 protein, cytokeratin and smooth muscle myosin. The immunohistochemical profile and the relationship with ductal elements supported myoepithelial differentiation. The proliferation warranted the diagnosis of myoepithelioma arising from a hidradenoma, which to our knowledge has not been previously described. In addition to discussing this case, we provide a brief review of epithelial–myoepithelial neoplasms encountered in the skin.

Jakate K, Wong K, Sirbovan J, Hanna W. Cutaneous myoepithelioma arising within hidradenoma of the scalp.
Carbendazim Impends Hepatic Necrosis when Combined with Imazalil or Cypermethrin
Authors: Đikić Domagoj , Landeka Irena , Knežević Fabijan , Mojsović‐Ćuić Ana , Benković Vesna , Horvat‐Knežević Anica , Lončar Goran , Teparić Renata , Rogić Dunja
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Imazalil, cypermethrin and carbendazim are detected in plants for human nutrition. To explore whether their combinations, applied orally in low doses, would induce changes in metabolic patterns and hepatotoxicity, a subchronic in vivo experiment was conducted. Doses of 10 mg/kg of imazalil (im) and cypermethrin (cy) and 20 mg/kg of carbendazim (car) and their combinations (im, 10 mg/kg + cy, 10 mg/kg; im, 10 mg/kg + car, 20 mg/kg; car, 20 mg/kg + im, 10 mg/kg) were given to Swiss mice daily over 28 days. After 24 hr from the last dose, the relationships of cytotoxicity biomarkers were analysed: serum lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transferase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, creatinine and total proteins. Individual pesticides showed different toxic potential (cy > im > car) generally characterized by increase in enzyme activities. Histological analysis showed that cypermethrin, but not imazalil or carbendazim, alone can cause mild necrosis. Combinations generally caused decrease in the activity of enzymes, indicating liver damage. Low doses of carbendazim in combination with low doses of imazalil or cypermethrin caused very pronounced hepatic necrosis, more than any of the three individually applied pesticides or combination of imazalil and cypermethrin. In fruits and vegetables for human consumption, residues of these three pesticides and prolonged combined intake of low doses, which by themselves acutely would not cause any effect, may have similar hepatotoxic effects.
Exercise plus volume loading prevents orthostatic intolerance but not reduction in cerebral blood flow velocity after bed rest
Authors: Jeong Sung-Moon , Shibata Shigeki , Levine Benjamin D. , Zhang Rong
Published: November 2011

This study tested the hypothesis that reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during orthostatic stress after bed rest can be ameliorated with volume loading, exercise, or both. Transcranial Doppler was used to measure changes in CBF velocity during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) before and after an 18-day bed rest in 33 healthy subjects. Subjects were assigned into four groups with similar age and sex: 1) supine cycling during bed rest (Exercise group; n = 7), 2) volume loading with Dextran infusion after bed rest to restore reduced left ventricular filling pressure (Dextran group; n = 7), 3) exercise combined with volume loading to prevent orthostatic intolerance (Ex-Dex group; n = 7), and 4) a control group ( n = 12). LBNP tolerance was measured using a cumulative stress index (CSI). After bed rest, CBF velocity was reduced at a lower level of LBNP in the Control group, and the magnitude of reduction was greater in the Ex-Dex group. However, reduction in orthostatic tolerance was prevented in the Ex-Dex group. Notably, volume loading alone prevented greater reductions in CBF velocity after bed rest, but CSI was reduced still by 25%. Finally, decreases in CBF velocity during LBNP were correlated with reduction in cardiac output under all conditions ( r2 = 0.86; P = < 0.001). Taken together, these findings demonstrate that volume loading alone can ameliorate reductions in CBF during LBNP. However, the lack of associations between changes in CBF velocity and orthostatic tolerance suggests that reductions in CBF during LBNP under steady-state conditions by itself are unlikely to be a primary factor leading to orthostatic intolerance.
Feelings of Preparedness Among Alternatively Certified Teachers
Authors: Kee Ayana N.
Published: November 2011

In the United States, about one third of new teachers being hired are drawn from alternative certification programs. One way to address controversy about the differences among the training experiences of teachers in traditional certification programs, fast-track alternative programs, and residency alternative programs is to examine teacher reports of how well prepared they felt in their 1st year of teaching. Using data from the 2003-2004 Schools and Staffing Survey, this study addresses questions about 1st-year teachers’ backgrounds and about their feelings of preparedness. Alternatively certified teachers are found to feel somewhat less well prepared than traditionally certified teachers. Results also show that 1st-year teachers who have fewer types of education coursework and shorter field experiences feel less well prepared than teachers whose pedagogical preparation is more complete. Finally, this study suggests important implications for program administration and policy and for methodologies used in teacher education research.
The “standards for openness hypothesis”
Authors: Afifi Tamara D. , Joseph Andrea , Aldeis Desiree
Published: November 2011

This study tests a new standards for openness hypothesis, which argues that the association between avoidance and dissatisfaction will be non-recursive and that the discrepancy between standards for openness and topic avoidance should be associated with rumination (particularly for women), which, in turn, predicts relational dissatisfaction. One hundred dating couples talked about a conflict-inducing topic and completed a follow-up survey one week later. The standards for openness hypothesis largely held true for women, but not men, and only for perceptions of partners’ avoidance. In addition, the more dissatisfied men and women were before the conversation, the more they avoided during it, but men’s avoidance did not predict relationship dissatisfaction after the conversation like it did for women.
Absorption in music: Development of a scale to identify individuals with strong emotional responses to music
Authors: Sandstrom Gillian M. , Russo Frank A.
Published: November 2011

Despite the rise in research investigating music and emotion over the last decade, there are no validated measures of individual differences in emotional responses to music. We created the Absorption in Music Scale (AIMS), a 34-item measure of individuals’ ability and willingness to allow music to draw them into an emotional experience. It was evaluated with a sample of 166 participants, and exhibits good psychometric properties. The scale converges well with measures of similar constructs, and shows reliability over time. Importantly, in a test of criterion validity, emotional responses to music were correlated with the AIMS scale but not correlated with measures of empathy or music training.
Service Providers’ Reactions to Intimate Partner Violence as a Function of Victim Sexual Orientation and Type of Abuse
Authors: Basow Susan A. , Thompson Janelle
Published: November 2011

In this online vignette study, a national sample of domestic violence shelter service providers ( N = 282) completed a 10-item questionnaire about a woman experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Scenarios varied in terms of couple sexual orientation (heterosexual or lesbian) and type of abuse (physical or nonphysical). Results indicate that although participants did not overtly discriminate against a woman in a lesbian relationship, they were less likely to perceive her as a victim, and their acceptance of a lesbian as a client was more dependent on their comfort with her than was the case for a woman in a heterosexual relationship. Type of abuse, as expected, had a main effect on many questions, with physical abuse taken more seriously than nonphysical abuse. Scores on the Attitudes Toward Lesbians subscale (Herek) were unrelated to responses. Implications for service providers are discussed.
Predictors of Sexual Aggression Among Male Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Yeater Elizabeth A. , Lenberg Kathryn L. , Bryan Angela D.
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this study was to conduct a longitudinal examination of predictors of sexual aggression among male juvenile offenders. Four hundred and four adolescent males between the ages of 14 and 17 years were recruited from juvenile probation offices to take part in a prospective study of substance use and sexual risk. At baseline, participants completed a series of questionnaires that assessed putative risk factors for sexual aggression. They then completed a measure of sexual aggression at the 6-month follow-up period. Correlational analyses revealed that participants who reported hard drug use, more frequent alcohol and marijuana use, and less severe offenses reported engaging in more severe sexual aggression. In addition, participants who reported higher impulsivity, sensation seeking, and externalizing behaviors also reported participating in more severe sexual aggression. When these variables were included in a regression analysis, only externalizing behaviors and severity of offense uniquely predicted severity of sexual aggression at the 6-month follow-up.
A dynamic pressure-sink method for improving large eddy simulation and hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large eddy simulation of wall-bounded flows
Authors: Wang H , Qin N , Sun M , Wang Z
Published: November 2011

A dynamic method based on introducing pressure sinks at the wall boundary is proposed to improve hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large eddy simulation (RANS/LES) and LES on under-resolved meshes of wall-bounded flows. The basic spirit is to enhance the momentum transfer in the boundary layer from the outer layer to the inner layer by introducing a small pressure gradient in the wall-normal direction, so that the skin friction, usually underestimated in hybrid RANS/LES and LES on under-resolved meshes, can recover to the correct level. The dynamic pressure-sink method, applied to LES and hybrid RANS/LES, is first numerically tested in simulating a supersonic flat-plate boundary flow, for which the turbulent inflow condition is treated by the recycling/rescaling approach. The results show obvious improvement as compared to the baseline LES and hybrid RANS/LES results on the same mesh. The method is then applied to LES of a supersonic flow over a compression–expansion ramp, where improved results are also achieved.
Buruli ulcer in an 18-day-old baby
Authors: Kiiza A M , Wood P B
Published: November 2011

Buruli ulcer is an indolent disease that needs aggressive curettage of caseous subcutaneous tissue beneath the undermined skin. We report the successful treatment of an 18-day-old baby.
Pubertal androgenization and gonadal histology in two 46,XY adolescents with NR5A1 mutations and predominantly female phenotype at birth
Authors: Cools M , Hoebeke P , Wolffenbuttel K P , Stoop H , Hersmus R , Barbaro M , Wedell A , Brüggenwirth H , Looijenga L H J , Drop S L S
Published: November 2011

Objective

Most patients with NR5A1 (SF-1) mutations and poor virilization at birth are sex-assigned female and receive early gonadectomy. Although studies in pituitary-specific Sf-1 knockout mice suggest hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, little is known about endocrine function at puberty and on germ cell tumor risk in patients with SF-1 mutations. This study reports on the natural course during puberty and on gonadal histology in two adolescents with SF-1 mutations and predominantly female phenotype at birth.

Design and methods

Clinical and hormonal data and histopathological studies are reported in one male and one female adolescent with, respectively, a nonsense mutation (c.9T>A, p.Tyr3X) and a deletion of the first two coding exons (NCBI36/hg18 Chr9:g.(126306276-126307705)_(126303229-126302828)del) of NR5A1, both predicted to fully disrupt gene function.

Results

LH and testosterone concentrations were in the normal male range, virilization was disproportionate to the neonatal phenotype. In the girl, gonadectomy at 13 years revealed incomplete spermatogenesis and bilateral precursor lesions of testicular carcinoma in situ. In the boy, at the age of 12, numerous germ cells without signs of malignancy were present in bilateral testicular biopsy specimen.

Conclusions

In SF-1 mutations, the neonatal phenotype poorly predicts virilization at puberty. Even in poorly virilized cases at birth, male gender assignment may allow spontaneous puberty without signs of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and possibly fertility. Patients with SF-1 mutations are at increased risk for malignant germ cell tumors. In case of preserved gonads, early orchidopexy and germ cell tumor screening is warranted. The finding of premalignant and/or malignant changes should prompt gonadectomy or possibly irradiation.
As relações entre o ensino médio e a educação superior no Brasil: profissionalização e privatização
Authors: Silva Júnior João dos Reis , Lucena Carlos , Ferreira Luciana Rodrigues
Published: November 2011

A proposta do artigo é contribuir para o entendimento da mudança que se põe ao ensino médio e sua relação com a educação superior, tendo por hipótese a crescente profissionalização e privatização do campo educacional, ao mesmo tempo a ampliação e consolidação das dualidades: esferas profissional e propedêutica, e, esferas pública e privada. Esta hipótese funda-se na racionalidade que presidiu tal processo de mudança nos meios institucionais para a concretização desta racionalidade na prática educacional cotidiana, bem como na alteração da natureza do trabalho do professor no contexto do trânsito do Regime de Acumulação Monopolista para o Regime de Acumulação Financeira.
Efeito do aumento da frequência de ordenhas no início da lactação sobre produção, composição do leite e características reprodutivas de vacas mestiças Holandês-Zebu
Authors: Lima J.A.M , Coelho S.G , Ruas J.R.M , Lana A.M.Q , Saturnino H.M , Reis R.B
Published: November 2011

Cinquenta e três vacas mestiças Holandês-Zebu, multíparas, foram distribuídas em quatro grupos para avaliar os efeitos de quatro e duas ordenhas diárias até o 21º dia da lactação, seguidas de duas ordenhas diárias, com ou sem a sucção de leite pelo bezerro, sobre: produção, composição do leite, peso corporal das vacas e dos bezerros e características reprodutivas. A produção e a composição do leite foram avaliadas a cada quatro dias até o 33º dia da lactação e, a partir desta data, a cada 15 dias. Os animais foram pesados ao parto, semanalmente até dois meses após o parto e, a partir desta data a cada 30 dias. O experimento foi desenvolvido em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x2. As produções médias de leite foram 16,7, 17,2, 19,0 e 18,9kg/d (P<0,01), para vacas ordenhadas duas e quatro vezes com ou sem a sucção de leite pelo bezerro, respectivamente. Os percentuais de gordura, sólidos totais, produção de leite corrigido para 3,5% de gordura e corrigido para sólidos totais foram mais elevados nos grupos com quatro ordenhas. O aumento da frequência de ordenhas no início da lactação aumentou a produção de leite (P<0,01), mas não influenciou o peso dos bezerros e nem as características reprodutivas avaliadas (P>0,05).
Órgãos internos e trato digestório de novilhos superprecoces não castrados ou castrados, de dois grupos genéticos
Authors: Cattelam J , Silveira M.F , Sachet R.H , Freitas L.S , Pacheco R.F , Moura R.M , Alves Filho D.C , Brondani I.L
Published: November 2011

Avaliaram-se as características dos órgãos e do trato gastrintestinal de novilhos com duas condições sexuais - castrados e não castrados -, com predomínio genético Charolês ou Nelore com idade e peso médios iniciais de 12 meses e 267kg, respectivamente. Os novilhos foram confinados até o peso de abate médio preestabelecido de 400kg. A dieta alimentar continha relação volumoso:concentrado de 50:50 (base na matéria seca), com 10% de proteína bruta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial de 2x2 (duas condições sexuais x dois predomínios genéticos). Para o peso absoluto do omaso, observou-se interação significativa de genótipo versus condição sexual dos novilhos. Animais não castrados apresentaram maiores pesos absolutos dos rins (0,81 versus 0,66kg), do abomaso (1,20 versus 1,00kg) e dos intestinos, nas diferentes formas de expressão, em comparação aos castrados. Os animais com predomínio Charolês apresentaram maiores pesos absolutos do omaso (4,24 versus 3,46kg), dos intestinos (8,18 versus 6,84kg) e do total do trato digestório (16,88 versus 14,90kg) em relação aos animais com predominância Nelore. Não houve correlação entre o rendimento de carcaça e os componentes não integrantes da carcaça.
Influence of chromium supplementation on energy metabolism in horses used in policing activity
Authors: Fonseca L.A , Girardi F.M , Coelho C.S , Barioni G , Rangel V.B , Gonçalves R.C
Published: November 2011

The influence of chromium supplementation on some blood variables in 11 adult stallions used for policing activities was evaluated. Each animal was treated with 11mg of chromium/400kg body weight, orally, for a period of 30 days. On days 0 (before) and 30 (after) the animals were evaluated and blood samples were obtained before and after exercise. Plasma glucose and lactate and serum cortisol and insulin were analyzed in each of these moments. On day 0, plasma glucose concentrations were 68.4±5.6mg/dL and 78.7±6.5mg/dL; plasma lactate concentrations were 6.2±0.6mg/dL and 13.1±7.6mg/dL; serum cortisol values were 48.5±7.9ng/mL and 42.6±19.7ng/mL; and serum insulin values were 3.0±6.4µUI/mL and 1.9±1.7µUI/mL, respectively, before and after exercise. On day 30, plasma glucose concentrations were 73.3±5.7mg/dL and 78.4±6.7mg/dL; plasma lactate concentrations were 7.3±0.9mg/dL and 7.6±1.2mg/dL; serum cortisol values were 62.9±21.8ng/mL and 40.3±17.0ng/mL; and serum insulin values were 1.4±1.3µUI/mL and 1.7±1.4µUI/mL, respectively, before and after exercise. As an effect of the exercise, a decrease was shown in the concentration of serum insulin and an increase in plasma lactate and glucose. Chromium supplementation resulted in a reduction of lactate values after physical activity, possibly indicating that chromium contributed to a better utilization of plasma glucose and to a better adaptation of animals to physical activity.
Afecções laríngeas, tempos máximos de fonação e capacidade vital em mulheres com disfonia organofuncional
Authors: Cielo Carla Aparecida , Gonçalves Bruna Franciele da Trindade , Lima Joziane Padilha de Moraes , Christmann Mara Keli
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: verificar e correlacionar os tempos máximos de fonação (TMF) de vogais, a capacidade vital (CV) e os tipos de afecções laríngeas (AL) de mulheres com disfonia organofuncional (DOF). MÉTODO: pesquisa retrospectiva, transversal, exploratória, não experimental, quantitativa, com banco de dados de medidas de TMF [a, i, u], de CV e de AL de mulheres com DOF; e os testes estatísticos Qui- quadrado e exato de Fisher, para verificar as diferenças entre as variáveis e suas relações e o teste binomial, a fim de verificar a significância de proporção ou percentual da análise descritiva, com p<0,05. RESULTADOS: a maioria (22; 75,86%) apresentou TMF significantemente reduzidos (p=0,0053) e sete (24,14%) TMF normais. A CV normal foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,0001) (26; 89,66%), mas três mulheres (10,34%) a apresentaram reduzida. Houve predomínio significante dos nódulos vocais (p=0,0016) (22; 75,86%), seguido de edema de Reinke (6; 20,69%) e de pólipo vocal (1; 3,45%). Dentre as 22 mulheres (75,86%) que mostraram TMF reduzidos, houve predomínio com CV normal (19; 86,36%), embora sem significância estatística (p=0,558). Das mulheres com TMF normais, todas apresentaram CV normal (7; 100%). A maioria com DOF apresentou CV normal, embora sem significância estatística (p=0,199). CONCLUSÃO: nas mulheres com DOF deste estudo, os TMF reduzidos, a CV normal e a presença de nódulos vocais foram significantes e não houve relação entre as variáveis TMF, CV e AL.
Análise do perfil de liderança dos treinadores das categorias de base do futebol brasileiro
Authors: Costa Israel Teoldo da , Samulski Dietmar Martin , Costa Varley Teoldo da
Published: November 2011

Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar o perfil de liderança dos treinadores das categorias de base do futebol brasileiro. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário de identificação da amostra e a Escala de Liderança Revisada para o Esporte (ELRE), versão auto-percepção. Participaram deste estudo 109 treinadores com média de idade de 38,64 anos (± 10,33) e uma média de tempo de envolvimento na função de treinador igual a 7,05 anos (± 6,01). Os treinadores entrevistados advinham de quatro categorias: sub-20 (33 treinadores), sub-17 (28 treinadores), sub-15 (25 treinadores) e sub-13 (23 treinadores). A análise estatística foi realizada no SPSS versão 11.0. Os resultados mostraram que os treinadores se auto-percebem como sendo mais autocráticos e voltados para os aspectos de treino-instrução de suas equipes. Constatou-se que não houve diferença entre as percepções dos treinadores que trabalham nas quatro categorias de base coletadas. Em relação à forma de trabalho desses treinadores em suas equipes conclui-se que eles são autocráticos e mostram uma preocupação com a conduta educativa e de instrução, denotando preocupação com a melhoria do desempenho técnico, tático e motivacional das equipes. Conclui-se também, que os profissionais entrevistados mostram perfis de liderança semelhantes independentemente da categoria na qual eles estão trabalhando no momento.
Indicadores antropométricos de obesidade em portadores da síndrome de Down entre 15 e 44 anos
Authors: Silva Naelson Mozer , Gomes Filho Ary , Silva Sandro Fernandes da , Fernandes Filho José
Published: November 2011

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade, a correlação entre o Índice de massa corporal (IMC) e os índices: Razão cintura quadril (RCQ) e Circunferência de cintura (CC) e comparar, entre os gêneros, a relação entre os índices em portadores da síndrome de Down (SD) com idades entre 15 e 44 anos. A amostra foi constituída por 33 portadores da SD residentes nos municípios de Itaperuna - RJ e Bom Jesus do Itabapoana - RJ, de ambos os gêneros, sendo 15 do sexo feminino com idade entre 14 e 38 anos (média ± DP; 23,8 ± 7,4 anos; IMC = 29,67 ± 5,64 kg/m²) e 18 do sexo masculino com idade entre 14 e 44 anos (média ± DP; 26,4 ± 8,4 anos; IMC = 27,68 ± 5,97 kg/m²). As medidas antropométricas de massa corporal, estatura, cintura e quadril, foram utilizadas para obtenção do IMC, da RCQ e da CC. Os níveis de associação foram verificados através do teste de Spearman e de Pearson quando apropriados e apresentaram os coeficientes de correlação mais elevados entre as variáveis IMC e CC nos grupos masculino (r = 0,926; p = 0,000), feminino (r = 0,874; p = 0,000) e também no geral (r = 0,892; p = 0,000). Assim, as associações mais fortes entre os indicadores antropométricos IMC e CC sugerem que estes indicadores integrados são bons preditores da obesidade generalizada e central, também em portadores de SD.
Análise do movimento inicial de molares superiores submetidos a forças extrabucais: estudo 3D
Authors: Casaccia Giovana Rembowski , Gomes Janaína Cristina , Squeff Luciana Rougemont , Penedo Norman Duque , Elias Carlos Nelson , Gouvêa Jayme Pereira , Sant'Anna Eduardo Franzotti , Araújo Mônica Tirre de Souza , Ruellas Antonio Carlos de Oliveira
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: analisar pelo método dos elementos finitos o deslocamento dos molares superiores frente a três diferentes inclinações do arco externo do aparelho extrabucal na tração do tipo cervical. MÉTODOS: maxila, dentes montados em má oclusão de Classe II e aparelho foram modelados através de formulação variacional e seus valores reproduzidos em coordenadas X, Y e Z. Foram realizadas simulações em microcomputador tipo PC, utilizando o programa ANSYS versão 8.1. Cada modelo de arco externo reproduziu linhas de força que passaram (1) acima (AcCR), (2) abaixo (AbCR) e (3) no centro de resistência (CR) do molar permanente superior de um mesmo modelo portador de má oclusão de Classe II. A avaliação restringiu-se ao movimento inicial dos molares frente à força extrabucal de 4 Newtons. RESULTADOS: o movimento distal inicial dos molares, tendo como ponto de referência a mesial do tubo, foi maior na coroa do modelo AbCR (0,47x10-6), e maior na raiz do modelo AcCR (0,32x10-6), provocando inclinações da coroa para distal e mesial, respectivamente. No modelo CR, os pontos na coroa (0,15x10-6) e raiz (0,12x10-6) deslocaram-se para distal equilibradamente, resultando em movimento de translação. Em todos os modelos, numa vista oclusal, houve tendência de rotação distal inicial da coroa, porém no modelo CR esse movimento foi muito pequeno. No sentido vertical (Z), todos os modelos revelaram movimento extrusivo (AbCR= 0,18x10-6; CR= 0,62x10-6; AcCR= 0,72x10-6). CONCLUSÃO: a simulação computacional do uso de aparelho extrabucal com tração cervical revelou a ocorrência de movimento extrusivo e distal, podendo ser por inclinação distal de coroa, de raiz ou movimento de translação.
Basic Advice for Novice Authors
Authors: Pasco Allan
Published: November 2011

During a time in which academics experience increasing pressure to publish, it is all the more important that a potential author understand the nature of academic publishing. An experienced author-editor summarizes the fundamental questions involved in the search for a publisher and explores the important rules - written and unwritten - that govern the author-publisher relationship. An earlier version of this article was published in the Journal of Scholarly Publishing in January 1992.
Automatic Life Saving Device in Commercial Aircrafts using Feedback Control System
Authors: John Tennyson Samuel
Published: November 2011

Several safety devices have filled in the vacuous spaces in commercial airplanes which once did not possess such sophisticated mechanisms. Commercial airplanes have copious amount of instruments and electrical circuits to provide a proper control system inside the plane. A noteworthy invention in the early 80â??s is the oxygen masks provided for every passenger during a plane crash or if the airplane is subjected to climatic disturbances while travelling a passenger manually uses the oxygen masks. The oxygen control system in the airplanes has proved very effective in providing an overall safety to the passengers. But the technique given below is far more advanced than the present scenario. A person suffering from a breathing ailment is succumbed to variations in the carbon dioxide levels. Thereby this CO2 is measured and using a feedback control loop, quick actions can be taken in order to provide quick aid to the ailing patient. These are completely automatic and hence it is advanced than the manual oxygen control system presently used in all commercial aircrafts. At the end of the day saving a life is what a humanistic approach is all about.
A CORBA Wrapper for Applications with Multiple Robots
Authors: Calvo Isidro , Cabanes Itziar , Etxeberria Agiriano Ismael , Sanchez Guillermo , Zulueta Ekaitz
Published: November 2011

This paper presents a CORBA wrapper which encapsulates a generic anthropomorphic industrial robot. Since this wrapper abstracts the communications, building applications that require remote manipulation or coordination of several devices may be easily achieved by using it. This article describes an implementation of this wrapper over a real-time operating system (RTOS), namely RTAI. This type of OS ensures determinism in the movement operations of the robot. Also, a low resource consuming implementation of the CORBA specification, namely ORBit, has been used to wrap the robot and implement the communications with other devices. Finally, as a matter of example, we present how this wrapper is used to coordinate the operation of several robots in a typical 'pick & place' operation.
The Introduction of a New Virtual Microscope into the eLearning Platform of the Medical University of Graz
Authors: Rehatschek Herwig Erich , Hye Florian
Published: November 2011

In 2002 the Medical University of Graz (MUG) introduced its first Learning Management System (LMS). One of the first applications developed was a virtual microscope 1.0 (VM 1.0) to be used by students via a standard web browser. The basic idea was to offer the functionality of a microscope via an interactive application which is integrated within the LMS. The main advantages of that concept were saving costs, enhancing the flexibility for students and utilizing additional features and possibilities offered by new media. Cost saving was achieved by replacing hundreds of expensive physical microscopes by the virtual microscope, which can be used on any PC with a standard web browser. After more than 8 years the technology as well as the functionality of the VM 1.0 was now out-dated. We describe the stages to introduce a VM 2.0 within VMC/Moodle in order to help other universities who want to introduce a VM for their students to speed up the decision process and to avoid possible traps.
Applications of Short Message Service and WAP in Operating Remotely Triggered Laboratories
Authors: Maiti Ananda , Tripathy Balakrushna
Published: November 2011

Mobile devices are becoming more powerful, reliable and common every year. Hence we can use mobile devices for conducting laboratory sessions in distance education. This paper discusses issues of integrating Short Message Service (SMS) to operate instruments of hardware-based remotely triggered laboratories. Components of the system include searching an experiment, performing experiment, result handling, error handling and method of exchanging information. It is designed using the National Instruments (NI) Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) development system and web services. The scheme will enable students to conduct hardware experiments with mobile devices using SMS from anywhere and anytime.
Activation of NLRC4 by Flagellated Bacteria Triggers Caspase-1–Dependent and –Independent Responses To Restrict Legionella pneumophila Replication in Macrophages and In Vivo
Authors: Pereira Marcelo S. F. , Morgantetti Giuliano F. , Massis Liliana M. , Horta Catarina V. , Hori Juliana I. , Zamboni Dario S.
Published: November 2011

Although NLRC4/IPAF activation by flagellin has been extensively investigated, the downstream signaling pathways and the mechanisms responsible for infection clearance remain unclear. In this study, we used mice deficient for the inflammasome components in addition to wild-type (WT) Legionella pneumophila or bacteria deficient for flagellin (flaA) or motility (fliI) to assess the pathways responsible for NLRC4-dependent growth restriction in vivo and ex vivo. By comparing infections with WT L. pneumophila, fliI, and flaA, we found that flagellin and motility are important for the colonization of the protozoan host Acanthamoeba castellanii. However, in macrophages and mammalian lungs, flagellin expression abrogated bacterial replication. The flagellin-mediated growth restriction was dependent on NLRC4, and although it was recently demonstrated that NLRC4 is able to recognize bacteria independent of flagellin, we found that the NLRC4-dependent restriction of L. pneumophila multiplication was fully dependent on flagellin. By examining infected caspase-1−/− mice and macrophages with flaA, fliI, and WT L. pneumophila, we could detect greater replication of flaA, which suggests that caspase-1 only partially accounted for flagellin-dependent growth restriction. Conversely, WT L. pneumophila multiplied better in macrophages and mice deficient for NLRC4 compared with that in macrophages and mice deficient for caspase-1, supporting the existence of a novel caspase-1–independent response downstream of NLRC4. This response operated early after macrophage infection and accounted for the restriction of bacterial replication within bacteria-containing vacuoles. Collectively, our data indicate that flagellin is required for NLRC4-dependent responses to L. pneumophila and that NLRC4 triggers caspase-1–dependent and –independent responses for bacterial growth restriction in macrophages and in vivo.
The Fractalkine Receptor but Not CCR2 Is Present on Microglia from Embryonic Development throughout Adulthood
Authors: Mizutani Makiko , Pino Paula A. , Saederup Noah , Charo Israel F. , Ransohoff Richard M. , Cardona Astrid E.
Published: November 2011

Microglial cells are difficult to track during development because of the lack of specific reagents for myeloid subpopulations. To further understand how myeloid lineages differentiate during development to create microglial cells, we investigated CX3CR1 and CCR2 transcription unit activation in Cx3cr1+/GFPCCR2+/RFP knockin fluorescent protein reporter mice. The principal findings include: 1) CX3CR1+ cells localized to the aorta–gonad–mesonephros region, and visualized at embryonic day (E)9.0 in the yolk sac and neuroectoderm; 2) at E10.5, CX3CR1 single-positive microglial cells were visualized penetrating the neuroepithelium; and 3) CX3CR1 and CCR2 distinguished infiltrating macrophages from resident surveillant or activated microglia within tissue sections and by flow cytometric analyses. Our results support the contribution of the yolk sac as a source of microglial precursors. We provide a novel model to monitor chemokine receptor expression changes in microglia and myeloid cells early (E8.0–E10.5) in development and during inflammatory conditions, which have been challenging to visualize in mammalian tissues.
MIP-T3 Is a Negative Regulator of Innate Type I IFN Response
Authors: Ng Ming-Him James , Ho Ting-Hin , Kok Kin-Hang , Siu Kam-Leung , Li Jun , Jin Dong-Yan
Published: November 2011

TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 3 is an important adaptor that transmits upstream activation signals to protein kinases that phosphorylate transcription factors to induce the production of type I IFNs, the important effectors in innate antiviral immune response. MIP-T3 interacts specifically with TRAF3, but its function in innate IFN response remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated a negative regulatory role of MIP-T3 in type I IFN production. Overexpression of MIP-T3 inhibited RIG-I-, MDA5-, VISA-, TBK1-, and IKKε-induced transcriptional activity mediated by IFN-stimulated response elements and IFN-β promoter. MIP-T3 interacted with TRAF3 and perturbed in a dose-dependent manner the formation of functional complexes of TRAF3 with VISA, TBK1, IKKε, and IFN regulatory factor 3. Consistent with this finding, retinoic acid-inducible gene I- and TBK1-induced phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 was significantly diminished when MIP-T3 was overexpressed. Depletion of MIP-T3 facilitated Sendai virus-induced activation of IFN production and attenuated the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. In addition, MIP-T3 was found to be dissociated from TRAF3 during the course of Sendai virus infection. Our findings suggest that MIP-T3 functions as a negative regulator of innate IFN response by preventing TRAF3 from forming protein complexes with critical downstream transducers and effectors.
Resident Peritoneal NK Cells
Authors: Gonzaga Rosemary , Matzinger Polly , Perez-Diez Ainhoa
Published: November 2011

In this study, we describe a new population of NK cells that reside in the normal, uninflamed peritoneal cavity. Phenotypically, they share some similarities with the small population of CD49b−, CD27+ immature splenic NK cells, as well as liver NK cells, but they differ in their expression of CD62L, TRAIL, and EOMES. Functionally, the peritoneal NK cells resemble the immature splenic NK cells in their production of IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and TNF-α and in the killing of YAC-1 target cells. We also found that the peritoneum induces different behavior in mature and immature splenic NK cells. When transferred i.v. into RAGγc knockout mice, both populations undergo homeostatic proliferation in the spleen, but only the immature splenic NK cells are able to reach the peritoneum. When transferred directly into the peritoneum, the mature NK cells survive but do not divide, whereas the immature NK cells proliferate profusely. These data suggest that the peritoneum is not only home to a new subset of tissue-resident NK cells, but that it differentially regulates the migration and homeostatic proliferation of immature versus mature NK cells.
Antigen Targeting to Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells via Siglec-H Inhibits Th Cell-Dependent Autoimmunity
Authors: Loschko Jakob , Heink Sylvia , Hackl Daniela , Dudziak Diana , Reindl Wolfgang , Korn Thomas , Krug Anne B.
Published: November 2011

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) have been shown to present Ags and to contribute to peripheral immune tolerance and to Ag-specific adaptive immunity. However, modulation of adaptive immune responses by selective Ag targeting to PDCs with the aim of preventing autoimmunity has not been investigated. In the current study, we demonstrate that in vivo Ag delivery to murine PDCs via the specifically expressed surface molecule sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin H (Siglec-H) inhibits Th cell and Ab responses in the presence of strong immune stimulation in an Ag-specific manner. Correlating with sustained low-level MHC class II-restricted Ag presentation on PDCs, Siglec-H–mediated Ag delivery induced a hyporesponsive state in CD4+ T cells leading to reduced expansion and Th1/Th17 cell polarization without conversion to Foxp3+ regulatory T cells or deviation to Th2 or Tr1 cells. Siglec-H–mediated delivery of a T cell epitope derived from the autoantigen myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein to PDCs effectively delayed onset and reduced disease severity in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by interfering with the priming phase without promoting the generation or expansion of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. We conclude that Ag delivery to PDCs can be harnessed to inhibit Ag-specific immune responses and prevent Th cell-dependent autoimmunity.