bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The α-tubulin acetyltransferase ATAT1: structure, cellular functions, and its emerging role in human diseases
Authors: Iuzzolino Angela , Pellegrini Francesca Romana , Rotili Dante , Degrassi Francesca , Trisciuoglio Daniela
Published: April 2024

The acetylation of α-tubulin on lysine 40 is a well-studied post-translational modification which has been associated with the presence of long-lived stable microtubules that are more resistant to mechanical breakdown. The discovery of α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1), the enzyme responsible for lysine 40 acetylation on α-tubulin in a wide range of species, including protists, nematodes, and mammals, dates to about a decade ago. However, the role of ATAT1 in different cellular activities and molecular pathways has been only recently disclosed. This review comprehensively summarizes the most recent knowledge on ATAT1 structure and substrate binding and analyses the involvement of ATAT1 in a variety of cellular processes such as cell motility, mitosis, cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular trafficking. Finally, the review highlights ATAT1 emerging roles in human diseases and discusses ATAT1 potential enzymatic and non-enzymatic roles and the current efforts in developing ATAT1 inhibitors.
Fast Decreasing Trigonometric Polynomials and Applications
Authors: Leviatan D. , Motorna O. V. , Shevchuk I. A.
Published: April 2024

We construct trigonometric polynomials that fast decrease towards $$\pm \pi $$

±
π

. We apply them to construct a trigonometric polynomial the derivative of which interpolates the derivative of a given $$2\pi $$

2
π

-periodic function, at some prescribed distinct points in $$[-\pi ,\pi )$$

[
-
π
,
π
)

, and vanishes at some other prescribed points in that interval. The construction requires that the function possesses derivatives where the interpolation is supposed to take place. Still, we are able to apply the result to trigonometric approximation of a $$2\pi $$

2
π

-periodic piecewise algebraic polynomial which is merely continuous, while interpolating its derivative at some points (that, obviously, are not knots).
Adaptable robots, ethics, and trust: a qualitative and philosophical exploration of the individual experience of trustworthy AI
Authors: Sheir Stephanie , Manzini Arianna , Smith Helen , Ives Jonathan
Published: April 2024

Much has been written about the need for trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI), but the underlying meaning of trust and trustworthiness can vary or be used in confusing ways. It is not always clear whether individuals are speaking of a technology’s trustworthiness, a developer’s trustworthiness, or simply of gaining the trust of users by any means. In sociotechnical circles, trustworthiness is often used as a proxy for ‘the good’, illustrating the moral heights to which technologies and developers ought to aspire, at times with a multitude of diverse requirements; or at other times, no specification at all. In philosophical circles, there is doubt that the concept of trust should be applied at all to technologies rather than their human creators. Nevertheless, people continue to intuitively reason about trust in technologies in their everyday language. This qualitative study employed an empirical ethics methodology to address how developers and users define and construct requirements for trust throughout development and use, through a series of interviews. We found that different accounts of trust (rational, affective, credentialist, norms based, relational) served as the basis for individual granting of trust in technologies and operators. Ultimately, the most significant requirement for user trust and assessment of trustworthiness was the accountability of AI developers for the outputs of AI systems, hinging on the identification of accountable moral agents and perceived value alignment between the user and developer’s interests.
Fälschliche Todesfeststellung durch Fehler bei der ärztlichen Leichenschau
Authors: Rohwer J. , Basner A. , Preuß-Wössner J.
Published: April 2024

Das erste Ziel einer ärztlichen Leichenschau ist die sichere Feststellung des Todes. Dies setzt wiederum die Kenntnis über die Entstehung und das zeitliche Auftreten sicherer Todeszeichen voraus. Einflussfaktoren wie beispielsweise Vorerkrankungen, Todesursache oder die Auffindesituation können sich auf den Ausprägungsgrad sicherer Todeszeichen auswirken und eine Überprüfung sicherer Todeszeichen erschweren. Grundvoraussetzung für das Feststellen sicherer Todeszeichen ist dabei eine sorgfältige und ordnungsgemäße Durchführung der Leichenschau. Insbesondere in Fällen, in denen eine Unterkühlung vorliegt, kann das Resultat einer nicht ordnungsgemäß durchgeführten Leichenschau die falsch-positive Bescheinigung eines sicher eingetretenen Todes sein. Es werden im Folgenden zwei Fälle von Scheintod mit fälschlicher Todesfeststellung vorgestellt und ihre Ursachen im Kontext einer nicht ordnungsgemäß durchgeführten Leichenschau diskutiert.
Secondary fracture prevention in primary care: a narrative review
Authors: Wang Mawson , Seibel Markus J.
Published: April 2024

The global burden of osteoporosis continues to rise with an ageing population. Untreated osteoporotic fractures not only heighten the risk of subsequent fractures but are associated with excess mortality. Although primary care guidelines consistently stress the importance of secondary fracture prevention, fewer than 20% of patients are appropriately treated for osteoporosis following an initial osteoporotic fracture. This worldwide phenomenon is known as the osteoporosis care gap. This literature review examines the barriers to secondary fracture prevention in primary care and evaluates the effectiveness of targeted primary care interventions. Common themes emerged from the majority of qualitative studies, including a need for improved communication between the hospital team and primary care, better defined responsibilities and osteoporosis-directed education for the primary care physicians. Quantitative studies demonstrated that most targeted, intensive interventions aimed at educating patients and their primary care physician about osteoporosis treatment significantly increased rates of investigation and treatment. Greater uptake of models of secondary fracture prevention in primary care is urgently needed to address the osteoporosis care gap.
Bibliometric analysis of Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology (1947–1974)
Authors: Basol Mert Erkan , Seifert Roland
Published: April 2024

Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology is the oldest pharmacological journal, founded in 1873. This bibliometric analysis examines the pivotal transformations within Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology from 1947 to 1974, identifying significant shifts from a national focus to a period of extensive internationalization and English-language adoption. Employing Python and Beautiful Soup for data extraction from SpringerLink, the study maps the journal’s trajectory through post-World War II development, highlighting the decline in publication rates due to its initial emphasis on German-language articles predominantly from Germany. The transition towards English publications in the late 1960s is marked as a turning point, catalyzing an increase in global citations, publications, and recognition. This period witnesses the journal broadening its scientific horizon, with a notable emphasis on the cholinergic, adrenergic, and dopaminergic systems, reflecting their central role in the journal’s scientific discourse and citation prominence. The analysis demonstrates how shifting to English for academic publishing played a crucial role in revitalizing the journal’s impact and visibility on the international stage.
Ischemia does not provoke the full immune training repertoire in human cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Mann Constantin , van Alst Carolin , Gorressen Simone , Nega Rachel , Dobrev Dobromir , Grandoch Maria , Fender Anke C.
Published: April 2024

Trained immunity of monocytes, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells augments the cytokine response to secondary stimuli. Immune training is characterized by stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, mTOR activation, and aerobic glycolysis. Cardiac fibroblast (CF)-myofibroblast transition upon myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) features epigenetic and metabolic adaptations reminiscent of trained immunity. We assessed the impact of I/R on characteristics of immune training in human CF and mouse myocardium. I/R was simulated in vitro with transient metabolic inhibition. CF primed with simulated I/R or control buffer were 5 days later re-stimulated with Pam3CSK for 24 h. Mice underwent transient left anterior descending artery occlusion or sham operation with reperfusion for up to 5 days. HIF-regulated metabolic targets and cytokines were assessed by qPCR, immunoblot, and ELISA and glucose consumption, lactate release, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by chromogenic assay. Simulated I/R increased HIF-1α stabilization, mTOR phosphorylation, glucose consumption, lactate production, and transcription of PFKB3 and F2RL3, a HIF-regulated target gene, in human CF. PGK1 and LDH mRNAs were suppressed. Intracellular LDH transiently increased after simulated I/R, and extracellular LDH showed sustained elevation. I/R priming increased abundance of pro-caspase-1, auto-cleaved active caspase-1, and the expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, but did not augment Pam3CSK-stimulated cytokine transcription or secretion. Myocardial I/R in vivo increased abundance of HIF-1 and the precursor and cleaved forms of caspase-1, caspase-11, and caspase-8, but not of LDH-A or phospho-mTOR. I/R partially reproduces features of immune training in human CF, specifically HIF-1α stabilization, aerobic glycolysis, mTOR phosphorylation, and PFKB3 transcription. I/R does not augment PGK1 or LDH expression or the cytokine response to Pam3CSK. Regulation of PAR4 and inflammasome caspases likely occurs independently of an immune training repertoire.

Graphical Abstract

Ischemia provokes only part of the immune training repertoire in cardiac fibroblasts. Trained immunity in myeloid and non-myeloid cells is triggered by certain infectious and sterile triggers like β-glucan or oxidized LDL, respectively. Key characteristics of immune training are as follows: stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, mTOR activation, transcriptional induction of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)1 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), increased glycolysis and lactate production, and enhanced cytokine response to a secondary stimulus such as the toll-like receptor agonist Pam3CSK4. Simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) reproduces some but not all of these features in human cardiac fibroblasts (CF) as indicated with asterisk (*).
On Protein Loops, Prior Molecular States and Common Ancestors of Life
Authors: Caetano-Anollés Kelsey , Aziz M. Fayez , Mughal Fizza , Caetano-Anollés Gustavo
Published: April 2024

The principle of continuity demands the existence of prior molecular states and common ancestors responsible for extant macromolecular structure. Here, we focus on the emergence and evolution of loop prototypes – the elemental architects of protein domain structure. Phylogenomic reconstruction spanning superkingdoms and viruses generated an evolutionary chronology of prototypes with six distinct evolutionary phases defining a most parsimonious evolutionary progression of cellular life. Each phase was marked by strategic prototype accumulation shaping the structures and functions of common ancestors. The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of cells and viruses and the last universal cellular ancestor (LUCellA) defined stem lines that were structurally and functionally complex. The evolutionary saga highlighted transformative forces. LUCA lacked biosynthetic ribosomal machinery, while the pivotal LUCellA lacked essential DNA biosynthesis and modern transcription. Early proteins therefore relied on RNA for genetic information storage but appeared initially decoupled from it, hinting at transformative shifts of genetic processing. Urancestral loop types suggest advanced folding designs were present at an early evolutionary stage. An exploration of loop geometric properties revealed gradual replacement of prototypes with α-helix and β-strand bracing structures over time, paving the way for the dominance of other loop types. AlphFold2-generated atomic models of prototype accretion described patterns of fold emergence. Our findings favor a ‛processual’ model of evolving stem lines aligned with Woese’s vision of a communal world. This model prompts discussing the ‘problem of ancestors’ and the challenges that lie ahead for research in taxonomy, evolution and complexity.
Urgent ureterorenoscopy as a primary treatment for ureteral stone: why not?
Authors: Uğur Ramazan , Yağmur İlyas
Published: April 2024

To evaluate the feasibility of urgent ureteroscopy (uURS) and elective ureteroscopy (eURS) in the management of patients with renal colic due to ureteral stones. Patients who were operated for ureteral stones between September 2020 and March 2022 were determined retrospectively. The patients who were operated within the first 24 h constituted the uURS group, while the patients who were operated after 24 h were classified as eURS. No limiting factors such as age, gender and concomitant disease were determined as inclusion criteria. Patients with bilateral or multiple ureteral stones, bleeding diathesis, patients requiring emergency nephrostomy or decompression with ureteral JJ stent, and pregnant women were not included. The two groups were compared in terms of stone-free rate, complications, and overall outcomes. According to the inclusion–exclusion criteria, a total of 572 patients were identified, including 142 female and 430 male patients. There were 219 patients in the first group, the uURS arm, and 353 patients in the eURS arm. The mean stone size was 8.1 ± 2.6. The stone-free rate was found to be 87.8% (502) in general, and 92 and 85% for uURS and eURS, respectively. No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed in any of the patients. Urgent URS can be performed effectively and safely as the primary treatment in patients with renal colic due to ureteral stones. In this way, the primary treatment of the patient is carried out, as well as the increased workload, additional examination, treatment and related morbidities are prevented.
Association of JAK2V617F allele burden and clinical correlates in polycythemia vera: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Chih-Cheng , Chen Justin L. , Lin Alex Jia-Hong , Yu Lennex Hsueh-Lin , Hou Hsin-An
Published: April 2024

Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation is present in most patients with polycythemia vera (PV). One persistently puzzling aspect unresolved is the association between JAK2V617F allele burden (also known as variant allele frequency) and the relevant clinical characteristics. Numerous studies have reported associations between allele burden and both hematologic and clinical features. While there are strong indications linking high allele burden in PV patients with symptoms and clinical characteristics, not all associations are definitive, and disparate and contradictory findings have been reported. Hence, this study aimed to synthesize existing data from the literature to better understand the association between JAK2V617F allele burden and relevant clinical correlates. Out of the 1,851 studies identified, 39 studies provided evidence related to the association between JAK2V617F allele burden and clinical correlates, and 21 studies were included in meta-analyses. Meta-analyses of correlation demonstrated that leucocyte and erythrocyte counts were significantly and positively correlated with JAK2V617F allele burden, whereas platelet count was not. Meta-analyses of standardized mean difference demonstrated that leucocyte and hematocrit were significantly higher in patients with higher JAK2V617F allele burden, whereas platelet count was significantly lower. Meta-analyses of odds ratio demonstrated that patients who had higher JAK2V617F allele burden had a significantly greater odds ratio for developing pruritus, splenomegaly, thrombosis, myelofibrosis, and acute myeloid leukemia. Our study integrates data from approximately 5,462 patients, contributing insights into the association between JAK2V617F allele burden and various hematological parameters, symptomatic manifestations, and complications. However, varied methods of data presentation and statistical analyses prevented the execution of high-quality meta-analyses.
Ion uptake in naturally acidic water
Authors: Gonzalez R. J. , Patrick M. L. , Val A. L.
Published: April 2024

The first studies on ion regulation in fish exposed to low pH, which were inspired by the Acid Rain environmental crisis, seemed to indicate that ion transport at the gills was completely and irreversibly inhibited at pH 4.0–4.5 and below. However, work on characid fish native to the Rio Negro, a naturally acidic, blackwater tributary of the Amazon River, found that they possess ion transport mechanisms that are completely insensitive to pHs as low as 3.25. As more species were examined it appeared that pH-insensitive transport was a trait shared by many, if not most, species in the Order Characiformes. Subsequently, a few other species of fish have been shown to be able to transport ions at low pH, in particular zebrafish (Danio rerio), which show rapid recovery of Na+ uptake at pH 4.0 after initial inhibition. Measurements of rates of Na+ transport during exposure to pharmacological agents that inhibit various transport proteins suggested that characiform fish do not utilize the generally accepted mechanisms for Na+ transport that rely on some form of H+ extrusion. Examination of zebrafish transport at low pH suggest the rapid recovery may be due to a novel Na+/K+ exchanger, but after longer term exposure they may rely on a coupling of Na+/H+ exchangers and NH3 excretion. Further work is needed to clarify these mechanisms of transport and to find other acid-tolerant species to fully gain an appreciation of the diversity of physiological mechansisms involved.
Evaluation of a new two-step frailty assessment of head and neck patients in a prospective cohort
Authors: Padovan Beniamino Vincenzoni , Bijl M. A. J. , Langendijk J. A. , van der Laan H. P. , Van Dijk B. A. C. , Festen S. , Halmos G. B.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Assessing frailty, in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients is key when choosing appropriate treatment. Optimal screening is challenging, as it should be feasible and should avoid over-referral for comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) This study aims to evaluate the association between geriatric assessment using a new two-step care pathway, referral to geriatrician and adverse outcomes.

Methods

This institutional retrospective analysis on a prospective cohort analysed the multimodal geriatric assessment (GA) of newly diagnosed HNC patients. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression was performed to study the association between the screening tests, and referral to the geriatrician for complete geriatric screening, and adverse outcomes.

Results

This study included 539 patients, of whom 276 were screened. Patients who underwent the GA, were significantly older and more often had advanced tumour stages compared to non-screened patients. Referral to the geriatrician was done for 30.8% of patients. Of the 130 patients who underwent surgery, 26/130 (20%) experienced clinically relevant postoperative complications. Of the 184 patients who underwent (radio)chemotherapy, 50/184 (27.2%) had clinically relevant treatment-related toxicity. Age, treatment intensity, polypharmacy and cognitive deficits, were independently associated with referral to geriatrician. A medium to high risk of malnutrition was independently associated with acute radiation induced toxicity and adverse outcomes in general.

Conclusion

The current study showed a 30.8% referral rate for CGA by a geriatrician. Age, treatment intensity, cognitive deficits and polypharmacy were associated with higher rates of referral. Furthermore, nutritional status was found to be an important negative factor for adverse treatment outcomes, that requires attention.
VGGish transfer learning model for the efficient detection of payload weight of drones using Mel-spectrogram analysis
Authors: El-Latif Eman I. Abd , El-Sayad Noha Emad , Mohammed Kamel K. , Darwish Ashraf , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: April 2024

This paper presents an accurate model for predicting different payload weights from 3DR SOLO drone acoustic emission. The dataset consists of eleven different payload weights, ranging from 0 to 500 g with a 50 g increment. Initially, the dataset's drone sounds are broken up into 34 frames, each frame was about 5 s. Then, Mel-spectrogram and VGGish model are employed for feature extraction from these sound signals. CNN network is utilized for classification, and during the training phase, the network's weights are iteratively updated using the Adam optimization algorithm. Finally, two experiments are performed to evaluate the model. The first experiment is performed utilizing the original data (before augmentation), while the second used the augmented data. Different payload weights are identified with a potential accuracy of 99.98%, sensitivity of 99.98%, and specificity of 100% based on experimental results. Moreover, a comprehensive comparison with prior works that utilized the same dataset validates the superiority of the proposed model.
Outcomes after radioscapholunate arthrodesis for intra-articular malunion of distal radius fractures
Authors: Safoury Yasser , Afifi Ahmed , Farghaly Ahmed , Khalid Omar
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To study the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes after of radioscapholunate (RSL) fusion for intra-articular malunion of the distal radius.

Methods

This retrospective study included 26 patients (17 males and 9 females) with intra-articular malunion of distal radius fractures who underwent RSL arthrodesis using locked miniplates (without distal scaphoid excision) between 2012 and 2020. Their mean age was 43 years (range, 32–56). Patients were assessed radiographically for union and clinically for range of motion, grip strength, and pain (assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain). Functional evaluation was performed by using the Mayo modified wrist score (MMWS) and the Disabilities for the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire.

Results

All patients showed complete healing at the fusion site after a mean of 8.7 weeks (range, 8–12). The mean follow-up period was 72 months (range, 60–84). The pinch strength improved from a mean of 6.2 kg (range, 3–12) to a mean of 9.8 kg (range, 5–18) which represents 80% of the contralateral side. The mean pinch strength was 7 kg (range, 5–18) which presents 80% of the other side. VAS for pain showed a mean improvement of 72.6%. The DASH score improved to a mean of 19.2 (range, 14–24). The MMWS improved to a mean of 68 (range, 45–86). At the final follow-up period, no degenerative changes were detected in the midcarpal joint.

Conclusion

RSL arthrodesis (using locked miniplates without distal scaphoid excision) is a reliable surgical procedure to manage cases of radiocarpal OA after intra-articular malunion of distal radius fractures with good clinical and radiological outcomes.

Level of evidence

Level IV- therapeutic.
Aptamer decorated PDA@magnetic silica microparticles for bacteria purification
Authors: Kavruk Murat , Babaie Zahra , Kibar Güneş , Çetin Barbaros , Yeşilkaya Hasan , Amrani Yassine , Dursun Ali Doğan , Özalp V. Cengiz
Published: April 2024

One significant constraint in the advancement of biosensors is the signal-to-noise ratio, which is adversely affected by the presence of interfering factors such as blood in the sample matrix. In the present investigation, a specific aptamer binding was chosen for its affinity, while exhibiting no binding affinity towards non-target bacterial cells. This selective binding property was leveraged to facilitate the production of magnetic microparticles decorated with aptamers. A novel assay was developed to effectively isolate S. pneumoniae from PBS or directly from blood samples using an aptamer with an affinity constant of 72.8 nM. The capture experiments demonstrated efficiencies up to 87% and 66% are achievable for isolating spiked S. pneumoniae in 1 mL PBS and blood samples, respectively.

Graphical abstract
Der Palliativkonsiliardienst an der Christian-Doppler-Klinik Salzburg stellt sich vor
Authors: Novak Helmut F. , Otto Ferdinand , Rösler Cornelia , Berger Anna , Steinkellner Dominik , Mayr-Pirker Brigitte J.
Published: April 2024

2023 wurde an der Christian-Doppler-Klinik Salzburg mit finanzieller Unterstützung des Landes Salzburg nach dem Hospiz-Palliativfondsgesetz ein Palliativkonsiliardienst eingerichtet. Solange es an der Christian-Doppler-Klinik keine eigene Palliativstation gibt, werden Patient:inen mit medizinischen und pflegerischen Anliegen und Bedürfnissen aus Palliative Care an den Universitätskliniken für Geriatrie, Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie von multiprofessionellen Teams aus speziell ausgebildeten Ärzt:innen und Pflegepersonen betreut. Der Konsiliardienst hat mit November 2023 seine Arbeit aufgenommen und von den anfordernden Stationen und Abteilungen bereits ein positives Feedback erhalten.
Testing memory of a VR environment: comparison with the real environment and 2D pictures
Authors: Monaro Merylin , Mazza Cristina , Colasanti Marco , Colicino Elena , Bosco Francesca , Ricci Eleonora , Biondi Silvia , Rossi Michela , Roma Paolo
Published: April 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing trend in cognitive psychology research towards recreating experimental situations in virtual reality (VR). VR settings are thought to have higher ecological validity than laboratory settings using digital, two-dimensional (2D) pictures. Some studies have shown cognitive performance in VR settings to follow that of the real world. However, other studies obtained controversial results. The present study tested the memory performance of three groups of participants who were exposed to the same environment (a room) through different modalities: in real life, in VR, and through 2D pictures. The results highlighted that participants who were exposed to the target room in real life had an overall better memory performance, compared to participants who saw the room in VR or through 2D pictures. On the other hand, no differences in memory performance emerged between the VR and 2D picture groups, except for the non-suggestive verbal task. The results suggest that future research should be careful in assuming that performance in VR settings is comparable to real life and that VR is more ecological than traditional 2D media.
The potential of the P-graph for optimizing public service processes
Authors: Balassa Eisinger Boglárka , Buics László
Published: April 2024

The European Union set out several directives and standards for governments and local authorities on environmental policy issues in the planning and management of public services. Public service provisioning is subject to both traditional expectations (such as customer-friendliness and efficiency) and new environmental stewardship and sustainability expectations. This paper analyzes public service processes, particularly the university enrolment process. Our analysis used public service models (Service Blueprinting, Business Process Modeling, Process Chain Network) and a mathematical model (P-graph). Our research aims to analyze the university enrolment process and its efficiency, considering sustainability aspects and expectations and identifying the points that can be modified and improved to make it more efficient, sustainable, qualitatively positive, and economical. According to our research, school administrators are overburdened during the enrolment process, often resulting in overtime work and a high turnover ratio. Our results clearly show the high inefficiency of this administrative process, as administrators can only partially meet their expected labor targets during their regular working hours. We found that the university enrolment process can be improved and made more efficient and sustainable. Using the P-graph, we have found the process’s optimal path and resource requirements in a way that was not feasible with previous models. Heartened by these results, we propose introducing and applying the P-graph as a new model to study other public service processes.

Graphical abstract
Imaging manifestations of papillary glioneuronal tumors
Authors: Du Xiaodan , He Ying , Li Feng , Wang Xiaoye , Kong Xin , Ye Mei , Chen Xuzhu
Published: April 2024

To analyse the imaging findings of papillary glioneuronal tumors (PGNTs), in order to improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of this tumor. The clinical and imaging manifestations of 36 cases of PGNT confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 17 males and 19 females, averaging 22.47 (± 11.23) years. Initial symptoms included epilepsy in ten, headache in seven, and others in 19 cases. 97.2% (35/36) of the lesions were located in the supratentorial area, and 80.5% (29/36) in the intraventricular or deep white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricles. Twenty-four of the lesions (66.7%) were mixed cystic and solid, four (11.1%) were cystic with mural nodules, four (11.1%) were cystic, and four (11.1%) were solid. Four cases of PGNT of cystic imaging showed a “T2-FLAIR mismatch” sign. 69.4% (25/36) had septations. Nine lesions (25%) were accompanied by edema, and 9 (25%) of the mixed cystic and solid lesions were accompanied by hemorrhage. Among the 18 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) or susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), nine had lesions with calcification. PGNTs mostly manifest as cystic mass with mural nodules or mixed cystic and solid mass in the white matter around the supratentorial ventricle, and the cystic part of the lesion is mostly accompanied by septations. Pure cystic lesions may exhibit the sign of “T2-FLAIR mismatch”. PGNT is rarely accompanied by edema but sometimes by calcification and hemorrhage. Patients often present with seizures, headaches, and mass effect symptoms.
The importance of a healthy lifestyle to prevent mental health problems during crisis situations: evidence from Corona Immunitas Ticino
Authors: Pedroni Giovanna , Camerini Anne-Linda ,   on behalf of the Corona Immunitas Ticino Study Group, Albanese Emiliano , Amati Rebecca , Amendola Antonio , Annoni Anna Maria , Baqaj Granit , Bezani Kleona , Buttaroni Peter , Camerini Anne-Linda , Caminada Anna Paola , Cattani Elia , Ceschi Alessandro , Corna Laurie , Fragoso Cristina Corti , Crivelli Luca , Da Costa Santos Diana Sofia , Bo’ Giorgio Dal , Venturelli Gladys Delai , Dordoni Daniela , Fadda Marta , Faillace Luca , Falvo Ilaria , Ferrari Paolo , Fiordelli Maddalena , Foglia Carolina , Franscella Giovanni , Gamberoni Sara , Gandolfi Roberta , Ghidossi Rosita , Giottonini Daniele , Guglielmetti Paola , Jovic Sandra , Keller Franco , Levati Sara , Martinelli Isabella , Mele Federico , Morese Rosalba , Papis Anna , Piumatti Giovanni , Rizzi Greta , Sabatini Serena , Sallusto Federica , Terrot Tatiana , Tonolla Mauro
Published: April 2024

Aim

The increasing frequency of epidemic, climate, and political crisis situations, compounded by modern life stress, is associated with a rise in mental health problems. Unhealthy lifestyle, including unhealthy eating habits, insufficient sleep, and scarce physical activity, may further contribute to mental health problems, especially in young populations. The aim of the present longitudinal study is to examine the impact of eating habits, sleep, and physical activity on mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic as a crisis situation.

Subject and methods

We analyzed longitudinal self-report data collected at baseline (T1), 4 (T2), 8 (T3), and 12 months from 1029 participants aged 5 to 21 during the COVID-19 pandemic within the Corona Immunitas Ticino project.

Results

Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant decrease in mental health problems from T1 to T3, with a slight increase at T4. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that a decrease in unhealthy eating habits together with an increase in physical activity from T1 to T4 were negatively correlated with mental health problems at T4. On the other hand, an increase in sleep time over the same study period was positively associated with mental health problems at T4. Among covariates, women and adolescents experienced more mental health problems.

Conclusion

The findings support previous research that highlights the role of a healthy lifestyle, including healthy eating and physical activity, in reducing mental health problems during difficult life circumstances exacerbated by crisis situations. Age- and gender-sensitive targeted interventions promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors are thus essential.
Dynamics of methane emissions from northwestern Gulf of Mexico subtropical seagrass meadows
Authors: Yu Hao , Coffin Richard , Organ Hannah
Published: April 2024

While seagrass meadows are perceived to be pertinent blue carbon reservoirs, they also potentially release methane (CH4) into the atmosphere. Seasonal and diurnal variations in CH4 emissions from a subtropical hypersaline lagoon dominated by Halodule wrightii in southern Texas, USA, on the northwest coast of the Gulf of Mexico were investigated. Dissolved CH4 concentrations decreased in the daytime and increased overnight during the diel observation period, which could be explained by photosynthesis and respiration of seagrasses. Photosynthetic oxygen was found to significantly reduce CH4 emissions from seagrass sediment. Diffusive transport contributed slightly to the release of CH4 from the sediment to the water column, while plant mediation might be the primary mechanism. The diffusive CH4 flux at the sea-air interface was 12.3–816.2 µmol/m2 d, over the range of the sea-air fluxes previously reported from other seagrass meadows. This was related to relatively higher dissolved CH4 concentrations (11.6–258.2 nmol/L) in a mostly closed lagoon with restricted water exchange. This study emphasizes seagrass meadows in the subtropical hypersaline lagoon as a source of atmospheric CH4, providing insights into the interactions between seagrass ecosystems and methane dynamics, with potential implications for seagrass meadow management and conservation efforts.
Current progress on lignocellulosic bioethanol including a technological and economical perspective
Authors: Ceaser Regan , Montané Daniel , Constantí Magda , Medina Francesc
Published: April 2024

Growing interest in lignocellulosic bioethanol stems from the European Union's renewable energy directive, targeting a global bioethanol output of 130 billion L to achieve a minimum threshold of 42.5%. Despite industrialization challenges, recent advancements, especially in crucial stages like pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation, are transforming the landscape. This review delves into the progress of bioethanol production, addressing technological, environmental, and economic hurdles. Innovations such as deep eutectic solvent pretreatment and mechanocatalysis, offering advantages like 30% and 100% solid loading, respectively, surpass traditional techniques and enzymatic hydrolysis in yielding better results. Improved pretreatment methods, enzyme exploration, saccharification techniques, genetic engineering, and integrated biorefineries contribute to overall economic viability. Ongoing research involves techno-economic analysis for cost-effective strategies, aiming to enhance the competitiveness of lignocellulosic bioethanol production. Scrutinizing the feasibility of these innovative approaches not only highlights their potential to overcome existing shortcomings but also envisions a more attractive future for industrial bioethanol production. Embracing these advancements could pave the way for a vibrant and sustainable bioethanol industry.
Nest switching vs. nest integration: a comment on Fernandez-Duque et al.
Authors: Redondo Tomás , Amat Juan A.
Published: April 2024

Fernandez-Duque et al. (Evol Ecol 37:859-869, 2023) reported instances where fledglings, able to move freely, were found in the nests of others of the same species containing chicks that were too young to fly. Interestingly, the foster parents fed these intruder fledglings. The researchers identified this as a novel behavior and termed it “Nest Integration.” However, this behavior had been documented previously as “nest switching” in both ornithological and behavioral literature. By integrating the findings of Fernandez-Duque et al. with the literature on nest switching, the evolution of nest switching highlighted by them, and the conditions that might promote it, could be better understood.
Determining environmental drivers of global mud snail invasions using climate and hydroclimate models
Authors: Aksu Sadi , Mercan Deniz , Arslan Naime , Emiroğlu Özgür , Haubrock Phillip J. , Soto Ismael , Tarkan Ali Serhan
Published: April 2024

Climate change and invasive species represent two intertwined global environmental challenges profoundly affecting freshwater ecosystems. This study uses Ecological Niche Modeling along with risk screening to delve into the preferences and potential distribution of Potamopyrgus antipodarum, an invasive species, in relation to climate zones and habitat types, shedding light on the critical importance of coastal wetlands and high soil organic carbon content in shaping habitat suitability. Our findings underscore that P. antipodarum exhibits a distinct affinity for cool temperate, moist climates, as well as temperate floodplain rivers, wetlands, and coastal areas. Notably, coastal wetlands, endowed with elevated soil organic carbon levels, emerged as pivotal habitats for this species. Projections indicated a significant expansion in North America, potentially extending into South America. Türkiye reveals an intriguing alignment between its habitat and the natural distribution areas of P. antipodarum, presenting potential for habitat contraction while still retaining a broader range compared to other regions. These potential expansions were predominantly driven by climate suitability, playing a pivotal role in the invasiveness of P. antipodarum, with anticipated future climate regimes exerting substantial influence on its dispersal capabilities.
Fluctuations in Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, and Anger and Children’s Depression Risks in Middle Childhood
Authors: Wu Qiong
Published: April 2024

Research suggests a robust link between the severity of maternal depression and children’s depression risks in middle childhood. Variations among depressed mothers in terms of affective dysregulation and frequent mood changes are also observed. However, the understanding of how fluctuations in maternal depressive symptoms and negative affect influence children is limited. Guided by life history theory, the current study tested whether the degree of fluctuations in maternal depressive symptoms, anxiety, and anger contributed to depression risks among school-aged children. The sample included 1,364 families where maternal depressive symptoms, anxiety, and anger were longitudinally assessed when children were in Grades 1, 3, 5, and 6. Children’s anxious depression and withdrawn depression behaviors were rated in Grades 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 by two caregivers. Parallel latent growth curve analyses revealed that, first, fluctuations in maternal anxiety from Grade 1 to 6 were related to an increase in children’s withdrawn depression over the same period. Second, mean maternal anger over time was related to higher mean levels of child anxious and withdrawn depression, yet fluctuations in maternal anger were not linked to child outcomes. Findings support life history theory by highlighting the degree of fluctuations in maternal anxiety as a source of environmental unpredictability and reveal different effects of maternal anxiety and anger in the intergenerational transmission of depression, with important theoretical and clinical implications.
IGZO thin films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis: effect of Zn precursor milling and In and Ga concentration
Authors: Balcazar Luz M. , Olvera Amador María de la Luz
Published: April 2024

Codoped zinc oxide thin films with indium and gallium (IGZO) were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by the ultrasonic chemical spray (USP) technique. The influence of the mechanical grinding process of Zn precursor (zinc acetate, AcZn) and the In and Ga concentrations was analyzed. The grinding process was carried out in a planetary ball mill, with a ball:/precursor ratio of 4:1, and a constant rotation speed of 300 RPM. The starting solutions were prepared at a molar concentration of 0.2 and variable In and Ga atomic concentration (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 at%). The deposition conditions were kept constant, substrate temperature of 450 °C and deposition time of 7 min. Structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties were analyzed. From the structural analysis a preferential orientation along the (101) plane for dominant In concentrated IGZO films was observed, whereas for dominant Ga concentrated was the (002) plane. The average optical transmission was in the range of 83–90%, confirming the high transparency of all the deposited films. The bandgap values, Eg, showed slight variations, from 3.43 to 3.53 eV. The best electrical properties were obtained in the IGZO films with an In:Ga ratio of 1.5:1 [IGZO(1.5:1)], evaluated by the figure of merit, 3.50 × 10–3 (Ω/□)−1, calculated for an optical transmission of 86% and a sheet resistance of 63 Ω/□. According to the obtained results, the IGZO thin films deposited by the USP technique, are potentially applicable in the field of optoelectronics, mainly as transparent electrode.
Skill-Based Electronic Gaming Machines: Features that Mimic Video Gaming, Features that could Contribute to Harm, and Their Potential Attraction to Different Groups
Authors: Newall Philip , Rockloff Matthew , Thorne Hannah , Russell Alex M. T. , Visintin Tess , Hing Nerilee , Browne Matthew , Dellosa Georgia
Published: April 2024

New gambling products have been developed over time as technology permits. For example, early mechanical slot machines were later replaced by electronic gaming machines (EGMs), which enabled a faster speed of play and more immersive experience. EGMs have in the decades since their invention become one of the main drivers of gambling expenditure worldwide and are one of the gambling products most strongly associated with harm. This literature review considers research relevant to a new subcategory of EGM, ‘skill-based’ EGMs, termed ‘SGMs’ here. SGMs can be highly varied in content, with some representing a minimal departure from EGMs, where the typical bonus round is replaced by some skill-based activity, such as a simple video game, which could increase the machine’s appeal. Other SGMs feature more radical departures from conventional EGMs, such as multiplayer games using intellectual property from popular TV shows or video games. These skill-based elements could tap into common gambling fallacies such as the illusion of control, and therefore facilitate harmful engagement. SGMs could also be less harmful than current EGMs, if skill-based elements break the dissociative states associated with EGM gambling. The intellectual property used in SGMs may increase their appeal among people who generally do not gamble, and the skill-based elements could increase their interest among gamblers who predominately prefer skill-based gambling formats such as sports betting. The novelty and varied content of SGMs present many open questions, which research should aim to address in future.
Influence of Biochar on the Properties of Antibacterial PBAT/Carvacrol Films
Authors: Lopresti Francesco , Botta Luigi , Pernice Giulia , Garofalo Giuliana , Gaglio Raimondo
Published: April 2024

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in antibacterial biopolymeric films. Among the different approaches for tuning the release kinetic of antibacterial compounds, the use of natural fillers allows for this purpose while optimizing the processability and the mechanical properties of the products. In this work, the effect of three different concentrations of biochar (BC) was investigated on the morphological, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of Polybutylene adipate terephthalate/Carvacrol/BC (PBAT/CV/BC) ternary biocomposites. The films were fabricated by means of melt mixing and compression molding and compared to PBAT/BC samples. The carvacrol kinetic release was evaluated as a function of the BC concentration in the ternary system. Results highlighted that BC allows tuning the properties of PBAT and of PBAT/CV samples and modifying the release kinetic of CV. Finally, the antimicrobial analysis revealed that PBAT/CV films exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Efficient and low-cost mesoporous magnetic carbon composites derived from date palm stones for environmental remediation of hexavalent chromium
Authors: Mohamed Shaimaa K. , Shahat Ahmed , Atito Mostafa , Kamel Rasha M.
Published: April 2024

This study was performed to achieve two important scientifically challenging goals, environmental remediation of toxic heavy metals and utilization of agricultural lignocellulosic wastes. In this work, a series of mesoporous magnetic carbon (MMC) adsorbents were synthesized by carbothermic reduction at different temperatures employing date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) stones as the carbon source. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized by different technquies and the results confirmed the presence of zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles and other iron oxides as products of the carbothermal reduction. The nature of phases present, crystallite size and the surface properties were found to be dependent on the calcination temperature. The adsorbent MMC700 exhibited the smallest (ZVI) crystallite size 36 nm and the largest SBET 341 m2/g. All adsorbents showed mesoporous structure with mesopore average diameter lower than 6 nm. The performance was evaluated in the removal process of toxic Cr(VI) in an aqueous medium, and the optimum conditions of the process were reported. The removal process was dependant of solution pH where best results was achieved at pH = 2. Complete removal of chromium was achieved in less than 5 min by MMC700. The results were better fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetics and followed the Freundlich model isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 265.25 mg/g for MMC700, suggesting its application as an efficient, low-cost, and easily separable adsorbent for the toxic Cr(VI) removal process. The prepared adsorbents exhibited superior performance in the removal process compared to other agricultural wastes or biomass - derived adsorbents reported in literature.