bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Dynamic Properties of New-Age Energy Materials Chemistry Using Advanced In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ramasundaram Subramaniyan , Jeevanandham Sampathkumar , Vijay Natarajan , Divya Sivasubramani , Jerome Peter , Oh Tae Hwan
Published: September 2024

The field of energy storage and conversion materials has witnessed transformative advancements owing to the integration of advanced in situ characterization techniques. Among them, numerous real-time characterization techniques, especially in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/scanning TEM (STEM) have tremendously increased the atomic-level understanding of the minute transition states in energy materials during electrochemical processes. Advanced forms of in situ/operando TEM and STEM microscopic techniques also provide incredible insights into material phenomena at the finest scale and aid to monitor phase transformations and degradation mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries. Notably, the solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) is one the most significant factors that associated with the performance of rechargeable batteries. The SEI critically controls the electrochemical reactions occur at the electrode–electrolyte interface. Intricate chemical reactions in energy materials interfaces can be effectively monitored using temperature-sensitive in situ STEM techniques, deciphering the reaction mechanisms prevailing in the degradation pathways of energy materials with nano- to micrometer-scale spatial resolution. Further, the advent of cryogenic (Cryo)-TEM has enhanced these studies by preserving the native state of sensitive materials. Cryo-TEM also allows the observation of metastable phases and reaction intermediates that are otherwise challenging to capture. Along with these sophisticated techniques, Focused ion beam (FIB) induction has also been instrumental in preparing site-specific cross-sectional samples, facilitating the high-resolution analysis of interfaces and layers within energy devices. The holistic integration of these advanced characterization techniques provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic changes in energy materials. This review highlights the recent progress in employing state-of-the-art characterization techniques such as in situ TEM, STEM, Cryo-TEM, and FIB for detailed investigation into the structural and chemical dynamics of energy storage and conversion materials.
Application of Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Electrochemical Sensors in Food Safety
Authors: Xu Changdong , Tan Jianfeng , Li Yingru
Published: September 2024

Food safety significantly impacts public health and social welfare. Recently, issues such as heavy metal ions, drug residues, food additives, and microbial contamination in food have become increasingly prominent. Electrochemical sensing technology, known for its low cost, simplicity, rapid response, high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity, has been crucial in food safety detection. Electrospun nanofibers, with their high specific surface area, superior mechanical properties, and design flexibility, offer new insights and technical platforms for developing electrochemical sensors. This study introduces the fundamental principles, classifications, and detection mechanisms of electrochemical sensors, along with the principles and classifications of electrospinning technology. The applications of electrospun nanofiber-based electrochemical sensors in food safety detection over the past five years are detailed, and the limitations and future research prospects are discussed. Continuous innovation and optimization are expected to make electrospun nanofiber-based electrochemical sensors a key technology in rapid food safety detection, providing valuable references for expanding their application and advancing food safety detection methods.
Bidentate Substrate Binding Mode in Oxalate Decarboxylase
Authors: Montoya Alvaro , Wisniewski Megan , Goodsell Justin L. , Angerhofer Alexander
Published: September 2024

Oxalate decarboxylase is an Mn- and O2-dependent enzyme in the bicupin superfamily that catalyzes the redox-neutral disproportionation of the oxalate monoanion to form carbon dioxide and formate. Its best-studied isozyme is from Bacillus subtilis where it is stress-induced under low pH conditions. Current mechanistic schemes assume a monodentate binding mode of the substrate to the N-terminal active site Mn ion to make space for a presumed O2 molecule, despite the fact that oxalate generally prefers to bind bidentate to Mn. We report on X-band 13C-electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) experiments on 13C-labeled oxalate bound to the active-site Mn(II) in wild-type oxalate decarboxylase at high pH, the catalytically impaired W96F mutant enzyme at low pH, and Mn(II) in aqueous solution. The ENDOR spectra of these samples are practically identical, which shows that the substrate binds bidentate (κO, κO’) to the active site Mn(II) ion. Domain-based local pair natural orbital coupled cluster singles and doubles (DLPNO-CCSD) calculations of the expected 13C hyperfine coupling constants for bidentate bound oxalate predict ENDOR spectra in good agreement with the experiment, supporting bidentate bound substrate. Geometry optimization of a substrate-bound minimal active site model by density functional theory shows two possible substrate coordination geometries, bidentate and monodentate. The bidentate structure is energetically preferred by ~4.7 kcal/mol. Our results revise a long-standing hypothesis regarding substrate binding in the enzyme and suggest that dioxygen does not bind to the active site Mn ion after substrate binds. The results are in agreement with our recent mechanistic hypothesis of substrate activation via a long-range electron transfer process involving the C-terminal Mn ion.
Novel Iridoid Derivatives Isolated from the Roots of Patrinia scabra with Potential Anti-Renal Fibrosis Activity In Vitro
Authors: Li Ziran , Xu Yang , Sun Xu , Fan Zhangrui , Zhou Ziling , Ren Fucai , Li Ning , Di Lei
Published: September 2024

Scabrol B and Scabrol C, two newly identified iridoid derivatives (1 and 2) and six known compounds (3–8), were extracted from the roots of Patrinia scabra. The structures of these derivatives, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated via comprehensive NMR analysis, chemical derivatization, and quantum chemical ECD calculations. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-renal fibrosis activity. The results demonstrate that compounds 1 and 2 showed dose-dependent protective effects against renal fibrosis in vitro by reducing the expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in NRK-49f cells mediated by TGF-β1.
Optimization and Synthesis of Nano-Niosomes for Encapsulation of Triacontanol by Box–Behnken Design
Authors: Solano Alfredo Amaury Bautista , Dávila-Ortiz Gloria , de Jesús Perea-Flores María , Martínez-Ayala Alma Leticia
Published: September 2024

Triacontanol is a long-chain primary alcohol derived from policosanol, known for its diverse biological activities, including functioning as a plant growth regulator and exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antitumoral effects. However, its application is limited due to its high hydrophobicity, resulting in poor absorption and reduced therapeutic effectiveness. A potential solution to this problem is the use of niosomes. Niosomes are carriers composed of non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol, charge-inducing agents, and a hydration medium. They are effective in encapsulating drugs, improving their solubility and bioavailability. The objective of this study was to optimize and synthesize nano-niosomes for the encapsulation of triacontanol. Niosomes were synthesized using a thin-film hydration method combined with ultrasonication, following a Box–Behnken design. Niosomes were characterized using various techniques including dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confocal microscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Formulation 14 of niosomes achieved the desired size, polydispersity index (0.198 ± 0.008), and zeta potential (−31.28 ± 1.21). FTIR analysis revealed a characteristic signal in the 3400–300 cm−1 range, indicating intermolecular interactions due to a bifurcated hydrogen bond between cholesterol and S60. Confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of triacontanol through Nile Red fluorescence. TEM revealed the spherical structure of niosomes.
Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Assay for the Quantitation of MO-OH-Nap Tropolone in Mouse Plasma: Application to In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies
Authors: Aldhafiri Wafaa N. , Chhonker Yashpal S. , Ahmed Nusrat , Singh Sandeep K. , Haney Staci L. , Ford James B. , Holstein Sarah A. , Murry Daryl J.
Published: September 2024

A rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitation of MO-OH-Nap tropolone (MO-OH-Nap) in mouse plasma. MO-OH-Nap is an α-substituted tropolone with anti-proliferative properties in various cancer cell lines. Detection and separation of analytes was achieved on an ACE Excel C18 (1.7 µm, 100 × 2.1 mm, MAC-MOD Analytical, Chadds Ford, PA, USA) column with mobile phase consisting of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in water (mobile phase A) and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile (mobile phase B), with an isocratic elution of 15:85% (A:B) at a total flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The LC-MS/MS system was operated at unit resolution in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, using precursor ion > product ion combination of 249.10 > 202.15 m/z for MO-OH-Nap and 305.10 > 215.05 m/z for the internal standard (IS), BA-SM-OM. The MS/MS response was linear over a concentration range of 1 to 500 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r2) of ≥0.987. The within- and between-batch precision (%RSD) and accuracy (%Bias) were within acceptable limits. The validated method was successfully applied to determine MO-OH-Nap metabolic stability, plasma protein binding, and bio-distribution studies of MO-OH-Nap in CD-1 mice.
Preparation, Evaluation, and Bioinformatics Study of Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Ginsenoside Rb1 Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Treating Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Du Lixin , Xiao Yifei , Wei Qidong , Guo Zhihua , Li Ya
Published: September 2024

(1) Objective: To optimize the preparation process of hyaluronic acid-modified ginsenoside Rb1 self-assembled nanoparticles (HA@GRb1@CS NPs), characterize and evaluate them in vitro, and investigate the mechanism of action of HA@GRb1@CS NPs in treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. (2) Methods: The optimal preparation process was screened through Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs. Physical characterization of HA@GRb1@CS NPs was conducted using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. Stability experiments, in vitro drug release studies, and lyophilisate selection were performed to evaluate the in vitro performance of HA@GRb1@CS NPs. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities of HA@GRb1@CS NPs were assessed using H9c2 and RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, bioinformatics tools were employed to explore the mechanism of action of HA@GRb1@CS NPs in the treatment of CVDs associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. (3) Results: The optimal preparation process for HA@GRb1@CS NPs was achieved with a CS concentration of 2 mg/mL, a TPP concentration of 2.3 mg/mL, and a CS to TPP mass concentration ratio of 1.5:1, resulting in a particle size of 126.4 nm, a zeta potential of 36.8 mV, and a PDI of 0.243. Characterization studies confirmed successful encapsulation of the drug within the carrier, indicating successful preparation of HA@GRb1@CS NPs. In vitro evaluations demonstrated that HA@GRb1@CS NPs exhibited sustained-release effects, leading to reduced MDA (Malondialdehyde) content and increased SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) content in oxidatively damaged H9c2 cells. Furthermore, it showed enhanced DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS+ [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] free radical scavenging rates and inhibited the release of inflammatory factors NO (Nitric Oxide) and IL-6 (Interleukin-6) from RAW264.7 cells. (4) Conclusions: The HA@GRb1@CS NPs prepared in this study exhibit favorable properties with stable quality and significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities. The mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects on CVDs may involve targeting STAT3, JUN, EGFR, CASP3, and other pathways regulating cell apoptosis, autophagy, anti-lipid, and arterial sclerosis signaling pathways.
Enhancing Coleoptile Length of Rice Seeds under Submergence through NAL11 Knockout
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Xie Yuelan , Tian Mengqing , Liu Jinzhao , Chen Chun , Zhou Jiyong , Guo Tao , Xiao Wuming
Published: September 2024

Submergence stress challenges direct seeding in rice cultivation. In this study, we identified a heat shock protein, NAL11, with a DnaJ domain, which can regulate the length of rice coleoptiles under flooded conditions. Through bioinformatics analyses, we identified cis-regulatory elements in its promoter, making it responsive to abiotic stresses, such as hypoxia or anoxia. Expression of NAL11 was higher in the basal regions of shoots and coleoptiles during flooding. NAL11 knockout triggered the rapid accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and reduction of Gibberellin (GA), stimulating rice coleoptile elongation and contributes to flooding stress management. In addition, NAL11 mutants were found to be more sensitive to ABA treatments. Such knockout lines exhibited enhanced cell elongation for coleoptile extension. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that NAL11 mediated the gluconeogenic pathway, essential for the energy needed in cell expansion. Furthermore, NAL11 mutants reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde under submerged stress, attributed to an improved antioxidant enzyme system compared to the wild-type. In conclusion, our findings underscore the pivotal role of NAL11 knockout in enhancing the tolerance of rice to submergence stress by elucidating its mechanisms. This insight offers a new strategy for improving resilience against flooding in rice cultivation.
Biochemical Characterization and Disease Control Efficacy of Pleurotus eryngii-Derived Chitosan—An In Vivo Study against Monilinia laxa, the Causal Agent of Plum Brown Rot
Authors: Camele Ippolito , Mohamed Amira A. , Ibrahim Amira A. , Elshafie Hazem S.
Published: September 2024

Chitin (Ct) is a crucial biopolymer present in fungi, algae, arthropods, and is usually obtained from crustacean shells. Chitosan (Cs) is a derivative from Ct deacetylation, and possesses numerous uses in various agro-industrial fields. Research on fungal-derived Ct and Cs is mostly focused on pharmaceutical uses, however their uses for plant disease control remain less explored. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the possibility of using chitosan obtained from mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (Cs-Pe) for controlling some phytopathogens compared to commercial chitosan (C.Cs). This study is focused on the following key areas: (i) extracting Ct from P. eryngii mycelium and converting it to Cs through deacetylation, using both bleaching and non-bleaching methods; (ii) conducting a physico-chemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the obtained Cs; (iii) performing an in vivo assessment of the phytotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Cs; and (iv) investigating in vivo the impact of the studied chitosan on fruit quality and its biocontrol efficacy against Monilinia laxa infections in plum fruits. Results showed that Cs-Pe, especially the unbleached one, displayed promising in vitro antimicrobial activity against the majority of tested pathogens. Regarding the cytotoxicity, the highest significant increase in cell abnormality percentage was observed in the case of C.Cs compared to Cs-Pe. In the in vivo study, Cs-Pe acted as a protective barrier, lowering and/or preventing moisture loss and firmness of treated plums. The studied Cs-Pe demonstrated notable efficacy against M. laxa which decreased the fruits’ percentage decline. These results strongly suggest that Cs derived from P. eryngii is a potential candidate for increasing plums’ shelf-life. This research shed light on the promising applications of P. eryngii-derived Cs in the agri-food field.
Effect of Drought and Rehydration on Physiological Characteristics of Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. in Different Habitats
Authors: Chen Juanli , Luo Yongqing , Zhao Xueyong , Li Yan , Mu Junpeng
Published: September 2024

Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. is a highly prevalent xerophytic species found throughout northern China. It is suitable for cultivation in semi-arid sandy environments and may establish roots in arid desert locations. This species plays a pioneering and exploratory role in the colonization of desert plants. In this study, we selected A. squarrosum from the Urat desert steppe (UD) and Horqin sandy land (HS) to explore their adaptation mechanisms to drought and rehydration environments by using the pot weighing control method to simulate an arid environment. The findings showed that the control (watering to 60–65% of field capacity) exceeded its required amount and the leaves turned yellow. The chlorophyll content was lower than those under moderate and severe drought, and rehydration caused a decrease. However, the contents of malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, and proline in the drought treatment were higher than those in the control. Under moderate and severe drought, the chlorophyll content and the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of A. squarrosum from UD were higher than those from HS. During drought and rehydration processes, the proline content was relatively lower, while the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein were higher. However, antioxidant enzymes and osmoregulators from UD were higher than those from HS. The results suggest that the stronger ability of A. squarrosum to endure drought environments in UD is due to the high level of antioxidant enzymes and osmoregulators, which are conducive to relieving cell membrane damage when subjected to drought and rehydration.
Biosynthesis of Piceatannol from Resveratrol in Grapevine Can Be Mediated by Cresolase-Dependent Ortho-Hydroxylation Activity of Polyphenol Oxidase
Authors: Martínez-Márquez Ascensión , Selles-Marchart Susana , Nájera Hugo , Morante-Carriel Jaime , Martínez-Esteso Maria J. , Bru-Martínez Roque
Published: September 2024

Piceatannol is a naturally occurring hydroxylated analogue of the stilbene phytoalexin resveratrol that can be found in grape fruit and derived products. Piceatannol has aroused great interest as it has been shown to surpass some human health-beneficial properties of resveratrol including antioxidant activity, several pharmacological activities and also bioavailability. The plant biosynthetic pathway of piceatannol is still poorly understood, which is a bottleneck for the development of both plant defence and bioproduction strategies. Cell cultures of Vitis vinifera cv. Gamay, when elicited with dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), lead to large increases in the accumulation of resveratrol, and after 120 h of elicitation, piceatannol is also detected due to the regiospecific hydroxylation of resveratrol. Therefore, an ortho-hydroxylase must participate in the biosynthesis of piceatannol. Herein, three possible types of resveratrol hydroxylation enzymatic reactions have been tested, specifically, a reaction catalyzed by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome, P450 hydroxylase, a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase and ortho-hydroxylation, similar to polyphenol oxidase (PPO) cresolase activity. Compared with P450 hydoxylase and the dioxygenase activities, PPO displayed the highest specific activity detected either in the crude extract, the particulate or the soluble fraction obtained from cell cultures elicited with MBCD and MeJA for 120 h. The overall yield of PPO activity present in the crude extract (107.42 EU) was distributed mostly in the soluble fraction (66.15 EU) rather than in the particulate fraction (3.71 EU). Thus, partial purification of the soluble fraction by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, dialysis and ion exchange chromatography was carried out. The soluble fraction precipitated with 80% ammonium sulphate and the chromatographic fractions also showed high levels of PPO activity, and the presence of the PPO protein was confirmed by Western blot and LC-MS/MS. In addition, a kinetic characterization of the cresolase activity of partially purified PPO was carried out for the resveratrol substrate, including Vmax and Km parameters. The Km value was 118.35 ± 49.84 µM, and the Vmax value was 2.18 ± 0.46 µmol min−1 mg−1.
Identification and Evaluation of Diploid and Tetraploid Passiflora edulis Sims
Authors: Su Xin , Wang Xue , Li Ruilian , Zhou Chiyu , Chen Lin , Chen Shi , Cai Nianhui , Xu Yulan
Published: September 2024

Passiflora edulis Sims (2n = 18) is a perennial plant with high utilization values, but its spontaneous polyploidy in nature has yet to be seen. Thus, this study aims to enhance our understanding of polyploidy P. edulis and provide rudimentary knowledge for breeding new cultivars. In this study, colchicine-induced tetraploid P. edulis (2n = 36) was used as experimental material (T1, T2, and T3) to explore the variances between it and its diploid counterpart in morphology, physiology, and biochemical characteristics, and a comparison of their performance under cold stress was conducted. We measured and collected data on phenotype parameters, chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, osmotic substances, and antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that tetraploid P. edulis exhibited a shorter phenotype, more giant leaves, darker leaf color, and longer and fewer roots. Moreover, the physiological and biochemical analysis indicated that the tetraploid P. edulis had better photosynthesis systems and higher chlorophyll fluorescence parameters than the diploid P. edulis. Additionally, the tetraploid P. edulis had higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) and lower MDA content to maintain better resistance in low temperatures. Overall, we conclude that there were apparent differences in the morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits of the tetraploid and diploid P. edulis. The tetraploid plants showed better photosynthesis systems, higher osmotic substance content, and antioxidant enzyme activity than the diploid, even under cold stress. Our results suggest that tetraploids with more abundant phenotype variation and better physiological and biochemical traits may be used as a new genetic germplasm resource for producing new P. edulis cultivars.
Philosophical Interpretation of “God Is Dead”: Retreat, Disruption, and Judgment
Authors: Li Kuo
Published: September 2024

Nietzsche’s declaration of “God is dead” signifies not only the collapse of classical metaphysical systems in philosophy but also shifts in the psychological structure of individuals and society after the secularization of Christianity. A philosophical reading is crucial to understanding its whole process and real-world ramifications. We first delineate the fundamental meanings and historical context of the term “God” or “Absolute” and expound upon the mechanisms of spiritual functioning under it, highlighting the significance of God, or the Absolute, as the highest object of spiritual operation. Next, we analyze the death of God, i.e., the retreat of the Absolute, in the realms of reason and faith, exploring its causes and repercussions, particularly the disruption of the operation of the spirit. Then, building upon this analysis, we conclude that the metaphysical life supported by Kant and Hegel faces failure in the present age, because the Absolute has ceased to be the foundation. The roots of spiritual operation are no longer secure; the return to the Absolute points to emptiness, and exit without return creates disruptive division between subject and substance, essence and phenomenon, reason and reality. Meanwhile, the departure of God and the development of capitalism are intertwined, calling for a resurgence in the form of secularization, heralding a renewed human judgment of God.
A Study on Machine Learning-Based Feature Classification for the Early Diagnosis of Blade Rubbing
Authors: Park Dong-hee , Choi Byeong-keun
Published: September 2024

This research focuses on the development of a machine learning-based approach for the early diagnosis of blade rubbing in rotary machinery. In this paper, machine learning-based diagnostic methods are used for blade rubbing early diagnosis, and the faults are simulated using experimental models. The experimental conditions were simulated as follows: Excessive rotor vibration is generated by an unbalance mass, and blade rubbing occurs through excessive rotor vibration. Additionally, the severity of blade rubbing was also simulated while increasing the unbalance mass. And then, machine learning-based diagnostic methods were applied and the trends according to the severity of blade rubbing were compared. This paper provides a signal processing method through feature analysis to diagnose blade rubbing conditions in machine learning. It was confirmed that the results of the unbalance and blade rubbing represent different trends, and it is possible to distinguish unbalance from blade rubbing before blade rubbing occurs. The diagnosis using machine learning methods will be applicable to rotating machinery faults like blade rubbing; furthermore, the early diagnosis of blade rubbing will be possible.
A Vision and Proof of Concept for New Approach to Monitoring for Safer Future Smart Transportation Systems
Authors: Eng Kent X. , Xie Yang , Pereira Mauricio , Haas Zygmunt J. , Das Samir R. , Djurić Petar M. , Glisic Branko , Stanaćević Milutin
Published: September 2024

Transportation infrastructure experiences distress due to aging, overuse, and climate changes. To reduce maintenance costs and labor, researchers have developed various structural health monitoring systems. However, the existing systems are designed for short-term monitoring and do not quantify structural parameters. A long-term monitoring system that quantifies structural parameters is needed to improve the quality of monitoring. In this work, a novel Transportation Rf-bAsed Monitoring (TRAM) system is proposed. TRAM is a multi-parameter monitoring system that relies on embeddable backscatter-based, batteryless, and radio-frequency sensors. The system can monitor structural parameters with 3D spatial and temporal information. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a 1D scale to evaluate and examine the sensitivity and reliability of the monitored structural parameters, which are displacement and water content. In contrast to other existing methods, TRAM correlates phase change to the change in concerned parameters, enabling long-term monitoring.
Kinematical Effects of a Mandibular Advancement Occlusal Splint on Running until Exhaustion at Severe Intensity
Authors: Cardoso Filipa , Costa Mário J. , Rios Manoel , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Pinho João Carlos , Pyne David B. , Fernandes Ricardo J.
Published: September 2024

The effects of occlusal splints on sport performance have already been studied, although their biomechanical impacts are often overlooked. We investigated the kinematical changes during running until exhaustion at severe intensity while wearing a mandibular advancement occlusal splint. Twelve trained runners completed (i) an incremental protocol on a track to determine their velocity corresponding to maximal oxygen uptake and (ii) two trials of square wave transition exercises at their velocity corresponding to maximal oxygen until exhaustion, wearing two occlusal splints (without and with mandibular advancement). Running kinematics were compared within laps performed during the square wave transition exercises and between splint conditions. The mandibular advancement occlusal splint increased the running distance covered (~1663 ± 402 vs. 1540 ± 397 m, p = 0.03), along with a noticeable lap effect in decreasing stride frequency (p = 0.04) and increasing stride length (p = 0.03) and duty factor (p < 0.001). No spatiotemporal differences were observed between splints, except for improved balance foot contact times in the mandibular advancement condition. An increased knee flexion angle at initial contact (p = 0.017) was noted along laps in the non-advancement condition, despite the fact that no differences between splints were found. Running patterns mainly shifted within laps rather than between conditions, indicating that a mandibular advancement occlusal splint had a trivial kinematical effect.
Safety Culture and Worker Perception in Highway Maintenance Operations: A Survey of Alabama Department of Transportation Maintenance Technicians
Authors: Marji Lana K. , Zech Wesley C. , Kirby Jason T.
Published: September 2024

The survey entitled “Field Survey of Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) Transportation Maintenance Technicians (TMTs) Perception of Worker Safety” investigates the safety perceptions and concerns of maintenance workers within ALDOT through a multifaceted analysis approach. The findings reveal critical insights that can significantly enhance ALDOT’s safety practices, training programs, and overall safety culture. Disparities in safety perceptions across different ALDOT’s areas were found, emphasizing the need for ALDOT to tailor its strategies to meet the unique needs of each area, ensuring that safety measures are both relevant and effective. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing targeted interventions focused on high-risk activities and prevalent safety concerns, allowing ALDOT to prioritize resources effectively. Additionally, the research highlights the necessity for continuous improvement by regularly evaluating safety initiatives based on feedback and best practices. This ongoing evaluation ensures that safety measures remain relevant and effective in addressing the evolving needs of TMTs. By integrating these insights into its safety management practices, ALDOT can cultivate a more proactive and resilient work environment that not only addresses immediate safety concerns but also establishes a sustainable culture of safety prioritizing employee well-being. The study provides a roadmap for future improvements in workplace safety and initiates discussions on the implications and recommendations for enhancing ALDOT’s and other transportation agencies’ safety management practices.
Antimicrobial Resistance: The Impact from and on Society According to One Health Approach
Authors: Ferraz Maria Pia
Published: September 2024

Antibiotics are drugs that target and destroy bacteria, and they are hailed as one of the most amazing medical breakthroughs of the 20th century. They have completely changed how we treat infections and have saved countless lives. But their usefulness is not limited to just medicine; they have also been used for many years in sectors like farming to prevent infections in animals, especially in less wealthy countries. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites to resist the effects of antimicrobial agents, like antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, that were once effective in treating infections caused by these organisms. AMR presents an intricate challenge that endangers the health of both humans and animals, as well as the global economy, and the security of nations and the world at large. Because resistant bacteria are swiftly appearing and spreading among humans, animals, and the environment worldwide, AMR is acknowledged as a challenge within the framework of One Health. The One Health approach involves cooperation among various fields to attain the best possible health outcomes for humans, animals, and the environment. It acknowledges the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. AMR is not merely a scientific or medical issue; it is a societal challenge that demands collective action and awareness. In the intricate tapestry of society, every thread contributes to the fabric of AMR, and every individual holds a stake in its resolution.
“We Owe It to Those Who Shall Come After Us”: Considering the Role of Social Work Education in Disrupting Carceral Complicity
Authors: Murray Carly Mychl , Martinez Samantha A. , Cinque Alexa , Sohn Yejin , Newton Grace
Published: September 2024

Reflecting upon Mary Richmond’s early call for formalized social work training to address the historical struggles of the field, this analysis examines how American social work education has addressed the paradoxes of help and harm present in the field for more than a century. We examine how, under the guise of benevolence and care, social work has exerted social control and contributed to gendered criminalization. We use the term carceral complicity to extend the concept of carceral social work, illustrating how carceral complicity has contributed to women’s criminalization through the embedding, enacting, and invisibilizing of carceral logics in social work. In addition to describing how carceral complicity has been addressed in social work education, we illustrate the gendered nature of carceral complicity, highlighting how women have historically and contemporarily been positioned as both the proprietors and the recipients of carceral complicity. In line with recent scholarship, we suggest that through a transformative approach to social work education we may disrupt carceral complicity and support liberatory futures.
Eco-Environmental Assessment and Trend Analysis of the Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis Based on a Modified Remote Sensing Ecological Index
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Wei Siyu , Wu Yijin
Published: September 2024

China’s accelerating pace of urbanization has placed severe pressure on its ecosystems. Hence, the monitoring and assessment of eco-environmental quality has significant implications for sustainable urban development. By introducing a pollution index, a modified remote sensing ecological index (MRSEI) was constructed to more comprehensively evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of the eco-environment quality in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River where urbanization has been developing rapidly. Future trends in eco-environmental quality were analyzed using Theil–Sen trend analysis, the Mann–Kendall test, and the Hurst exponent. Environmental influencing factors were also analyzed. Our results show that: (1) The impact of pollution factors on urban agglomerations cannot be overlooked. The MRSEI model introduces a pollution indicator to better assess the eco-environmental quality of urban agglomeration areas. (2) The eco-environmental quality is high in the south and east and low in the north and west, with overall levels ranging between moderate and good. (3) The eco-environmental quality remained stable, improved, and degraded in 86.3%, 3.1%, and 10.7% of the study area, respectively. (4) The land use and land cover type are directly related to the eco-environment. Climate factors indirectly affect the eco-environment. Human activities in cities and urban peripheries lead to land use changes and industrial pollution, which significantly affect environmental quality.
Anti-Tumor Immunity to Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Cells by Vaccination with Interferon-Alpha-Conditioned Dendritic Cells (IFN-DC)
Authors: Lapenta Caterina , Santini Stefano Maria , Antonacci Celeste , Donati Simona , Cecchetti Serena , Frittelli Patrizia , Catalano Piera , Urbani Francesca , Macchia Iole , Spada Massimo , Vitale Sara , Michelini Zuleika , Corsi Domenico Cristiano , Zeuner Ann , Dattilo Rosanna , Tamburo De Bella Manuela
Published: September 2024

Background: Breast cancer represents one of the leading causes of death among women. Surgery can be effective, but once breast cancer has metastasized, it becomes extremely difficult to treat. Conventional therapies are associated with substantial toxicity and poor efficacy due to tumor heterogeneity, treatment resistance and disease relapse. Moreover, immune checkpoint blockade appears to offer limited benefit in breast cancer. The poor tumor immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment result in scarce T-cell infiltration, leading to a low response rate. Thus, there is considerable interest in the development of improved active immunotherapies capable of sensitizing a patient’s immune system against tumor cells. Methods: We evaluated the in vitro anti-tumor activity of a personalized vaccine based on dendritic cells generated in the presence of interferon (IFN)-α and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (IFN-DC) and loaded with an oxidized lysate from autologous tumor cells expanded as 3D organoid culture maintaining faithful tumor antigenic profiles. Results: Our findings demonstrate that stimulation of breast cancer patients’ lymphocytes with autologous IFN-DC led to efficient Th1-biased response and the generation in vitro of potent cytotoxic activity toward the patients’ own tumor cells. Conclusions: This approach can be potentially applied in association with checkpoint blockade and chemotherapy in the design of new combinatorial therapies for breast cancer.
Korelasi antara perhatian orang tua dan disiplin belajar terhadap motivasi belajar matematika mahasiswa
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Elisa Elisa , Rossiah Rossiah , Lubis Rahmat Sholih
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the correlation between parental attention and study discipline with students' motivation to learn mathematics. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach, utilizing path analysis, which includes correlation analysis followed by regression analysis. The results reveal a correlation coefficient of 0.844 between parental attention, study discipline, and student's motivation to learn mathematics, categorizing it as "very strong." Furthermore, the multiple linear regression analysis yielded the following regression equation: . The study concludes a significant correlation between parental attention, study discipline, and students' motivation to learn mathematics. Additionally, the findings suggest that the greater the parental attention and study discipline, the higher the students' motivation to learn mathematics, and vice versa.
Peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dengan menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis masalah pada siswa sekolah menengah pertama
Authors: Jami La , Suharna Hery , Bakar Marwia Tamrin , Lanani Karman , Samura Asri Ode
Published: September 2024

This research examines the influence and improvement of students' mathematical communication skills using problem-based learning. The research design used a quasi-experimental quasi-experimental nonequivalent control-group design, a sample of 45 students. The instruments used are test questions in the form of essays. Data was obtained based on written test results, namely pretest and posttest data. The analysis uses parametric t-test statistics. The results show that problem-based learning can influence mathematical communication skills in the low category. The effect of problem-based learning is minimal. Problem-based learning can improve students' mathematical communication skills in the low category.
A matemática do ensino: por uma história do saber profissional (1870-1960)
Authors: Rodrigues Valente Wagner , Bertini Luciane de Fatima
Published: September 2024

Este livro compõe a Coleção Educação e Saúde, elaborada por professores, estudantes e egressos do Programa de Pós-Graduação Educação e Saúde na Infância e na Adolescência da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). Os diferentes capítulos da obra levam o leitor a tempos longínquos trazendo-o a meados do século XX. Como foi sendo elaborada e modificada a matemática para o ensino e formação de professores? O tema é atual haja vista os debates que assistimos hoje. Caberia à BNCC orientar a formação de professores? Ou seriam as universidades, em sua autonomia, que deveriam promover, sob referências disciplinares, essa orientação? O tema é antigo, pois antigas são as disputas de poder sobre a definição dos saberes de referência para o ensino e para a formação de professores. Quem deveria ter autoridade para a elaboração de tais saberes? As ciências da educação? Os campos disciplinares em suas diversas áreas? O próprio ensino, por meio do campo profissional da docência? Matemática a ensinar, matemática para ensinar são exemplos do esforço de elaboração teórica com vistas a melhor compreender, no tempo, a matemática das mudanças do ensino e da formação de professores.
Estudio preliminar de engobes cerámicos a partir de arcilla blanca de Micaya y Fe2O3 de Mutún
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, Av. Villazón N° 1995, La Paz, Bolivia, 0201-0220, iiq@umsa.bo., Flores H. Xenia N. , Blanco Mario ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas y del Medio Ambiente IIGEMA, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, Calle Andrés Bello, La Paz, Bolivia, 0201 0220, igemaumsa@gmail.com, Balanza Rodny ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas y de Materiales IIMETMAT, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, Av. Mcal. Santa Cruz N° 1175, La Paz, Bolivia, 0201-0220, Iimec@correo.umsa.bo, Limachi Sonia ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas y del Medio Ambiente IIGEMA, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, Calle Andrés Bello, La Paz, Bolivia, 0201 0220, igemaumsa@gmail.com, García Gustavo ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, Av. Villazón N° 1995, La Paz, Bolivia, 0201-0220, iiq@umsa.bo.
Published: September 2024

Se realizó la formulación de engobes cerámicos mediante el uso de materias primas naturales bolivianas, como arcilla blanca de Micaya (La Paz) y lamas de óxidos de hierro obtenidos del proceso de pre-concentrado de Mutún (Santa Cruz). Se caracterizaron las materias primas y productos por difracción de Rayos X y análisis térmico gravimétrico diferencial. Caolinita y cuarzo en arcilla blanca, y hematita, goetita y cuarzo en las lamas fueron identificadas. Se mezclaron diferentes concentraciones de óxido de hierro para la formulación de engobes, seguido de un tratamiento térmico a 950°C. Se identificaron las diferencias entre los óxidos naturales de lamas y óxido de hierro comercial usado como referencia. Las características y propiedades colorimétricas en el material final obtenido a partir de los óxidos comerciales y los óxidos de las lamas, son similares. Los resultados obtenidos permiten proponer estas lamas naturales como materia prima pigmento en la elaboración de engobes.
1H and 13C NMR conformational properties calculated by Spartan 18, and 400/125.77 MHz experimental data of methyl β-orcinolcarboxylate and atranorin, a comparative study
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, Av. Villazón N° 1995, La Paz, Bolivia, 0201-0220, iiq@umsa.bo, Vila José L. , Bravo José A. ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, Av. Villazón N° 1995, La Paz, Bolivia, 0201-0220, iiq@umsa.bo
Published: September 2024

Propiedades conformacionales de RMN de 1H y 13C calculadas con Spartan 18 y datos experimentales de 400/125,77 MHz de β-orcinolcarboxilato de metilo y atranorina, un estudio comparativo . Los parámetros estructurales del metil β-orcinolcarboxilato y la atranorina se determinaron mediante B3LYP con el conjunto base 6-31G*. Se presentan los resultados de la estructura molecular optimizada y se comparan con los datos de rayos X disponibles de las moléculas. Se expone y discute un análisis comparativo de los espectros de RMN 1H y 13C experimentales y los valores calculados. Los cálculos cuánticos teóricos dieron como resultado un buen enfoque de determinación estructural predictiva para moléculas orgánicas pequeñas.
Exploring Nursing Students’ Expectations on Preceptoring and Preceptorship Program: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Mathew Rebecca , Noronha Judith Angelitta , Nayak Shalini Ganesh
Published: September 2024

Introduction: This study addresses the imperative in contemporary nursing education to prepare students for diverse healthcare settings by exploring nursing students’ expectations and perceptions of preceptorship programs, emphasizing the role of evidence-based educational strategies. The research aims to bridge the existing literature gap and contribute valuable insights into strategically designing preceptorship programs aligned with nursing students’ needs, preferences, and aspirations, ultimately enhancing precepting practices and relationships within nursing education. Methods: Employing a sequential explanatory mixed method, 140 nursing students, from various colleges in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) participated in the study. A structured questionnaire, encompassing demographic information, a need assessment survey, and a survey on expectations on preceptors was administered. A focus group discussion was conducted to identify perceived barriers to the utilization of preceptorship practices in nursing colleges. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, exploratory factor analysis, and content analysis of the focus group discussion. Results: The majority of participants expressed a high need for a preceptorship program, providing empirical evidence to support the development of a nurse educator preceptorship program in colleges and institutes. Preceptorship was identified as a significant contributor to career growth and achievement for nursing students, serving as a valuable tool to establish professional competency throughout their careers. Conclusion: There is a complex demand and high expectations for the core role of nurse educators as preceptors in the field of nursing education. This pioneering study sheds light on the need and perception of nursing students for a preceptorship program in the nursing curriculum.
Barriers and Facilitators of Intuitive Decision-Making among Psychiatric Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Namdar Areshtanab Hossein , Vahidi Maryam , Hosseinzadeh Mina , Janmohammadi Somayeh
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Due to the type and nature of hospitalized psychiatric patients, nurses encounter many ambiguous and complex clinical situations that require intuitive decision-making. The present study was conducted to determine the use of intuition and its barriers and facilitators among psychiatric nurses. Methods: This study adopts a descriptive cross-sectional design and employs 123 nurses using convenience sampling in 2022. Demographic characteristics, the use of intuition in clinical practice, and the barriers and facilitators of intuition in clinical practice questionnaires were used for data collection. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean (SD) of intuitive decision-making among psychiatric nurses was 58 (13.07) out of a range from 25-125. The use of intuition had a statistically significant correlation with age and work experience in the psychiatry ward. The use of intuitive decision-making has a statistically significant difference in gender, work shift, and education level. The biggest barrier to the use of intuitive decision-making among psychiatric nurses was "The limitations of nursing role which restrict the use of intuition in the clinical setting". The most common facilitator in the use of intuition among psychiatric nurses was "having experience and clinical knowledge leads to the use of intuition in patient care". Conclusion: Given the low level of the use of intuition and the important role of intuitive decision-making in the quality of nursing care, nursing managers should provide some strategies for reducing the barriers to the use of intuition among nurses.