bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El diseño gráfico en la preservación de la memoria del territorio de Usme
Authors: Cristancho Tenjo María Alejandra , Lavao Jorge Yulieth Natalia , Buitrago Gomez Gabriela
Published: November 2024

El objetivo del artículo es mostrar como el diseño gráfico puede aportar en los entornos sociales, nuevas propuestas para fortalecer los lazos y memorias de una comunidad, tomando como caso de estudio la comunidad de Usme, donde se desarrolló un proyecto de preservación y visualización de la memoria de la comunidad a través del diseño gráfico. 
Se presentará un proyecto universitario enfocado en la preservación de la memoria bajo las herramientas que otorga el diseño gráfico como disciplina, dejando de lado su función comercial, crear piezas audiovisuales efectivas e innovadoras que promocionen productos o servicios, crear identidades atractivas que aumenten la visibilidad en el mercado, etc. Para transformaciones sociales considerando la individualidad y vulnerabilidad de los participantes en el proyecto. 
Bajo la mano del diseño, se planteó un modo moderno y tangible para comunicar de manera efectiva las memorias de las lideresas del barrio Alfonzo López en Usme, Colombia. El desarrollo de la investigación dio paso a un acercamiento no invasivo a las lideresas permitiendo así un flujo natural para recolectar y entender sus historias y el cómo lograron unificarse y construir un espacio digno a pesar de las dificultades que se presentaron. A través de diversos espacios propuestos se comprendió el desarrollo de su historia para finalmente hacer un libro análogo-digital sobre su recorrido como lideresas en formato de crónica, este libro tiene características especiales (realidad aumentada, medios de comunicación enfocados en el proyecto, personaje 3D, etc.) todo con el fin de hacer más visible su historia tanto para la comunidad como para personas fuera de este contexto.
A Novel Friction Coefficient Model Parameters Identification Method for Needle–Tissue Insertion Procedure
Authors: Hu Yingda , Du Shilun , Li Murong , Xu Tian , Lei Yong
Published: November 2024

In endoscopic liver vascular insertion surgeries, during the process of angiographic operation, the success of vascular staining depends on precise needle insertion control which heavily relies on experienced surgeons. Endoscopic vascular insertion surgical navigation system shows the potential to improve position precision; however, it relies on needle–tissue interaction model and parameter identification to provide essential information for improving needle insertion accuracy, in which the friction coefficient is an important parameter but difficult to determine. In this paper, a novel needle–tissue friction coefficient identification method was proposed with unknown tissue Young's modulus under endoscopic liver surgery scenarios. A modified friction coefficient model was proposed including the adhesion and elastic friction component to describe needle–tissue dynamic interaction process which can predict the friction coefficient more precisely. The proposed parameter estimation method based on the modified friction model can simultaneously estimate friction coefficient and Young's modulus. The proposed method was demonstrated by the friction coefficient measurement experiment. The results showed that the friction coefficient model prediction results agreed well with expected value. The proposed method can be applied to provide essential tissue-needle interactive information to improve needle insertion precision in endoscopic liver vascular insertion surgery scenarios.
Stacked hydrogel-based brain-on-chips utilizing capillary force flow pinning
Authors: Akcay Gulden , van Venrooij Jeroen , Luttge Regina
Published: November 2024

Cellular processes in brain tissue such as migration, proliferation, morphology, and differentiation are influenced by mechanical cues, demonstrating the interplay between the structure and function. Given the complexity, it remains a substantial challenge to establish a reliable in vitro model mimicking structural properties as brain tissue. To address this challenge, we propose an innovative approach to create vertical hydrogel stacks based on microfluidic technology. 3D-printed microfluidic features in the sidewall profile of our chip designs allowed us to faithfully replicate these capillary force flow pinning structures in polydimethylsiloxane. After the successful application of hydrogel of a defined height, thanks to the pinning process and plating of stem-cell-derived neurons, the results demonstrated the potential of our BoC platform, providing a valuable tool for neuroscience research.
Effects of lithographic and pattern parameters on stability of feature-edge location in electron beam lithography
Authors: Lee Soo-Young
Published: November 2024

As the feature size continues to decrease, a high level of accuracy in achieving the feature boundary (“edge”) as designed becomes more essential. One of the reasons for any deviation in the feature-edge location is the proximity effect due to electron scattering in the resist. However, even with a perfect proximity effect correction (PEC), the nonideal process of resist development can still lead to a deviation in the edge location. In general, a higher exposure contrast over the feature edge leads to a smaller deviation in the edge location. In this study, an analytic model is employed in understanding the effects of the lithographic and pattern parameters on the deviation in the edge location due to the uncertainty in the lithographic process. Specifically, the closed-form mathematical expression of the deviation is derived in terms of the parameters that determine the exposure contrast. The results reported in this paper should be helpful in understanding better the deviation in the edge location without time-consuming repetitive simulation and developing a PEC method that enhances the stability of the feature boundaries in the written pattern, improving the process latitude.
Cross-Platform Viewing of the Beijing Winter Olympics: Television and Digital Consumption Patterns in China, Germany, and the United States
Authors: Tang Tang , Cooper Roger , Schallhorn Christiana , Guo Qing
Published: November 2024

This research represents one of the first empirical studies to examine how and why people watched the 2022 Winter Olympics on both television (TV) and digital platforms across different countries. Surveys were conducted in China, Germany, and the United States—three of the four top medal-winning countries during the 2022 Winter Olympics. Results indicate that traditional TV remains the primary way that viewers across countries watch the Winter Olympics, but the gap in exposure between traditional TV and digital appears to have narrowed, particularly among Americans and Chinese. Results support the dynamic model of exposure whereby both individual preferences and structures helped explain viewing of the Winter Olympics. Specifically, preferences appear to play a relatively larger role for digital streaming, while Olympics TV consumption is more a choice of the medium. Overall, this research suggests that the Olympics remains an attractive mega event for rights holders with an opportunity to attract viewers through easier navigation of the wealth of content available.
Motherhood and Sexuality in Women’s Football News: Effects on Interest in the Article, Engagement, and Perception of the Player
Authors: Rodríguez-de-Dios Isabel , González-de-Garay Beatriz
Published: November 2024

Women’s football has gained popularity and appreciation in the last few years. At the same time, sexual diversity and maternity in sport have become part of the global conversation. To investigate the influence of players’ motherhood and sexuality in the context of news, a 2 (sexuality) × 2 (motherhood status) between-subjects online experiment (N = 395) was conducted. The research examined the impact on interest in the news article, women’s football engagement, perception of the footballer (i.e., expected performance, impression, and perceived commitment), and attitudes toward lesbian athletes. Results show that featuring the footballer as a mother increased interest in the article. However, the maternity status had a negative impact only on the perception of the lesbian footballer, who was expected to show lower performance compared with her counterparts. These findings may help journalists and community managers to understand the impact and the ethical implications of their work.
Return-to-Play With R2Play: Protocol for Evaluating Cross-Site Feasibility, Face Validity, and Content Validity of a Multidomain Concussion Assessment Tool for Youth
Authors: Scratch Shannon , Shore Josh , DuPlessis Danielle , Lovell Andrew , Hickling Andrea , Gill Pavreet , Mallory Kylie , Lam Emily , Hotze Fanny , Zemek Roger , Emery Carolyn , Schneider Kathryn , Hutchison Michael , Gagnon Isabelle , Caron Jeffrey , Reed Nick , Biddiss Elaine
Published: November 2024

Context: Clinical concussion assessments do not typically simulate the speed or complexity of sport. Performance changes arising from combined physical, cognitive, and sensory demands of sport may thus remain undetected during rehabilitation. We developed R2Play, a multidomain return-to-play assessment tool for youth with concussions. R2Play involves levels and conditions that vary in physical, cognitive, and sensory load to simulate the multidomain demands of sport. Objectives: To explore cross-site feasibility, face validity, and content validity of R2Play by integrating quantitative and qualitative data. Methods: Convergent mixed-methods feasibility study. Five sites will each recruit 5 clinicians (total nc = 25) and 10 youth sport participants (ages 10–25 y) with a history of concussion in the previous year (total ny = 50). Feasibility will be evaluated using quantitative criteria for acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, and integration, and qualitative investigated data from content analysis of postassessment interviews with youth and clinician participants. Face validity will be investigated in postassessment interviews. Content validity will be established through (1) changes in performance metrics (time to completion, errors, and heart rate) across R2Play levels, (2) youth-perceived physical and cognitive exertion for each level, and (3) overall clinician perceptions determined through postassessment interviews. Qualitative and quantitative data will be merged through joint display to identify areas of convergence, divergence, and complementarity, and to establish meta-inferences about feasibility, face validity, and content validity. Discussion: This study aims to demonstrate the face and content validity of R2Play, and its feasibility for cross-site implementation. Findings will guide further iteration of R2Play and establish the foundation for a larger multicenter validation study to establish the psychometric properties of R2Play. This work represents an important first step toward the implementation of an ecologically valid multidomain assessment tool designed to support a safe and efficient return-to-play after concussion, ultimately reducing the risk of recurrent concussion and subsequent injury.
Spatially varying nanophotonic neural networks
Authors: Wei Kaixuan , Li Xiao , Froech Johannes , Chakravarthula Praneeth , Whitehead James , Tseng Ethan , Majumdar Arka , Heide Felix
Published: November 2024

The explosive growth in computation and energy cost of artificial intelligence has spurred interest in alternative computing modalities to conventional electronic processors. Photonic processors, which use photons instead of electrons, promise optical neural networks with ultralow latency and power consumption. However, existing optical neural networks, limited by their designs, have not achieved the recognition accuracy of modern electronic neural networks. In this work, we bridge this gap by embedding parallelized optical computation into flat camera optics that perform neural network computations during capture, before recording on the sensor. We leverage large kernels and propose a spatially varying convolutional network learned through a low-dimensional reparameterization. We instantiate this network inside the camera lens with a nanophotonic array with angle-dependent responses. Combined with a lightweight electronic back-end of about 2K parameters, our reconfigurable nanophotonic neural network achieves 72.76% accuracy on CIFAR-10, surpassing AlexNet (72.64%), and advancing optical neural networks into the deep learning era.
Progressive decline in old pole gene expression signal enhances phenotypic heterogeneity in bacteria
Authors: Proenca Audrey M. , Tuğrul Murat , Nath Arpita , Steiner Ulrich K.
Published: November 2024

Cell growth and gene expression are heterogeneous processes at the single-cell level, leading to the emergence of multiple physiological states within bacterial populations. Aging is a known deterministic driver of growth asymmetry; however, its role in gene expression heterogeneity remains elusive. Here, we show that aging mother cells undergo a progressive decline in old pole activity, generating asymmetry in protein partitioning, gene expression, and cell morphology. We demonstrate that mother cells, when compared to their daughters, exhibit lower product inheritance and gene expression rates independently of promoter dynamics. The declining activity of maternal old poles generates gene expression gradients that manifest as mother-daughter asymmetry upon division, showing that asymmetry is progressively built over time within the maternal intracellular environment. Moreover, old pole aging correlates with a gradual increase in cell length, leading to morphological asymmetry. These findings provide further evidence for aging as a mechanism to enhance phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial populations, with possible consequences for stress response and survival.
Complete genome sequence of
Cronobacter sakazakii
ES191 generated by PacBio sequencing
Authors: Wu Shuyan , Jauregui Ruy , Maclean Paul , Brightwell Gale
Published: November 2024

We present the complete genome of
Cronobacter sakazakii
ES191, isolated from New Zealand in 2011 and known for its strong biofilm ability. The genome consists of a 4,309,604-base pair (bp) circular chromosome (56.9% GC) and a 165,613-bp circular plasmid (55.4% GC).
Investigating the changing taxonomy and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from door handles in a new infectious disease ward pre- and post-patient admittance
Authors: Ackers-Johnson Gavin , Pulmones Ralfh , McLaughlan Danielle , Doyle Amy , Lewis Joseph M. , Neal Tim , Todd Stacy , Roberts Adam P.
Published: November 2024

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant burden to health systems, with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) further compounding the issue. The hospital environment plays a significant role in the development of HAIs, with microbial surveillance providing the foundation for interventions. We sampled 40 door handles at a newly built hospital prior to patients being admitted and then 6 and 12 months after this date. We utilized 16S rDNA sequencing to identify unique colonies, disc diffusion assays to assess the antibiotic resistance of
Staphylococcus
spp., and whole-genome sequenced (WGS) multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Before patient admission, 43% of sites harbored
Staphylococcus
spp., increasing to 55% and 65% at six and 12 months, respectively, while
Bacillus
spp. saw a large increase from 3% to 68% and 85%, respectively. No ESKAPE pathogens were identified.
Staphylococcus
spp. showed relatively low resistance to all antibiotics except cefoxitin (56%) before patient admittance. Resistance was highest after 6 months of ward use, with an increase in isolates susceptible to all antibiotics after 12 months (11% and 54% susceptibility, respectively). However, MDR remained high. WGS revealed
blaZ
(25/26), and
mecA
(22/26) and
aac6-aph2
(20/26) were the most abundant resistance genes. Two
Staphylococcus hominis
isolates identified at the first two time points, respectively, and three
Staphylococcus epidermidis
isolates identified at all three time points, respectively, were believed to be clonal. This study highlighted the prevalence of a resistant reservoir of bacteria recoverable on high-touch surfaces and the long-term persistence of
Staphylococcus
spp. first introduced prior to patient admission.

IMPORTANCE

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant burden to health systems, conferring increased morbidity, mortality, and financial costs to hospital admission. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) further compounds the issue as viable treatment options are constrained. Previous studies have shown that environmental cleaning interventions reduced HAIs. To ensure the effectiveness of these, it is important to analyze the hospital environment at a microbial level, particularly high-touch surfaces which see frequent human interaction. In addition to identifying infectious microorganisms, it is also beneficial to assess typically non-infectious organisms, as traits including AMR can be transferred between the two. Our study identified that there were high levels of antibiotic resistance in typically non-infectious organisms found on high touch surfaces on a hospital ward. However, the organisms identified suggested that the cleaning protocols in place were sufficient, with their presence being due to repeated recolonization events through human interaction after cleaning had taken place.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of osteoarticular tissue for the diagnosis of suspected osteoarticular tuberculosis
Authors: Yan Guangxuan , Liu Zhifeng , Teng Tianlu , Dong Weijie , Lan Tinglong , Fan Jun , Tang Kai , Qin Shibing , Nie Wenjuan
Published: November 2024

The objective of the study is to determine the accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in diagnosing osteoarticular tuberculosis (TB) infection and to compare it with mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) and Xpert assays. We retrospectively analyzed 162 patients admitted with suspected osteoarticular TB. Osteoarticular tissue (66.67%) and abscess specimens (33.33%) from patients were tested for MGIT, GeneXpert/RIF, and mNGS. mNGS assay detected 76 cases (46.9%) with bacterial, 63 cases (38.9%) with mycobacterial, 22 cases (13.6%) with fungal, and 1 case (0.6%) with actinomycetal organisms. These 162 pathogens were classified into 21 species. The most frequent species detected was
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
(29.0%), followed by
Staphylococcus aureus
(20.4%),
Mycobacterium abscessus
(5.6%), and
Candida albicans
(5.6%). Taking the “gold standard” TB diagnosis as the standard, the positive predictive values of mNGS, Xpert, and MGIT culture were both 100.00%. The negative predictive values of mNGS, Xpert, and MGIT culture and assays were 94.26%, 98.29%, and 88.46%, respectively. The sensitivity of mNGS detection (85.11%) was similar to that of Xpert (95.74%) and higher than that of MGIT culture (68.08%). The specificities of mNGS detection, Xpert, and MGIT culture were both 100.00%. The area under the curve value of the mNGS assay was 0.895 (95% CI: 0.830, 0.960), which was greater than that of the MGIT culture-based assay of 0.840 (95% CI: 0.757, 0.924), which was similar to 0.979 (95% CI: 0.945, 1.000) for Xpert assay. The pathogen detection rate of mNGS in diagnosing suspected osteoarticular TB exceeded that of conventional methods.

IMPORTANCE

In the detection of unknown infectious disease pathogens, the overall efficacy of traditional detection methods, such as culture, is low, and traditional PCR testing is also limited to the gene sequences of known pathogenic microorganisms. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) performs DNA sequencing by studying the entire microbial community genome in a given sample, without the need for isolation and culture. Previous studies have shown that mNGS performs better on pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples when compared with Xpert, traditional pathogenetic tests, and even parallel diagnostics. However, it should be emphasized that only a few studies have explored the performance of mNGS in detecting
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in clinical samples associated with bone and joint infections. We conducted this retrospective study to provide additional data to support the use of mNGS in the clinical setting to identify pathogens within abscesses or tissue samples associated with bone and joint infections.
Molybdenum isotopes demonstrate that multistage upgrading is required to generate heavy rare earth element–enriched carbonatites
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Chen , Yan Shuang , Niu He-Cai , Yang Wu-Bin , Li Ning-Bo , Li Jie , Zhang Le , McCoy-West Alex J.
Published: November 2024

Carbonatites with heavy rare earth element (HREE) enrichment are a rare and intriguing prospect for economic geology research, due to the growing global demand for HREEs in various industries. However, debate persists over the mechanism responsible for HREE enrichment in carbonatites, with the mantle source, magmatic-hydrothermal evolution, or a combination of these factors proposed to be responsible. This study examines three adjacent Late Triassic carbonatites (from the Huanglongpu, Huayangchuan, and Jialu carbonatite dike systems) in the Lesser Qinling of Central China and uses Mo isotope systematics to provide unique insights into the HREE enrichment process of these magmas. All three carbonatites exhibit elevated total REE (ΣREE) concentrations (up to 4600 ppm), along with significant HREE enrichment (ΣHREE/ΣREE = 0.1–0.4). Notably, Jialu carbonatite stands out for having the highest total HREE concentrations (≥360 ppm) and ΣHREE/ΣREE ratios (0.2–0.4). Regardless of their variable degrees of HREE enrichment, the three carbonatites display similar Sr-Nd-Pb isotope signatures, which indicates a shared enriched mantle source. The Huanglongpu and Huayangchuan carbonatites mostly display significantly lighter δ98/95Mo (−1.71‰ to −0.15‰) values than the depleted mantle, which indicates an origin from an enriched mantle influenced by recycled pelagic clays and Fe-Mn nodules. Both types of marine sediments are enriched in REEs and would have undergone initial HREE enrichment during slab dehydration and metamorphism, resulting in an HREE-enriched mantle source region. In contrast, Jialu carbonatite possesses significantly heavier δ98/95Mo (0.13‰–1.89‰), which is indicative of the subsequent influence of hydrothermal processes. Additional evidence of this hydrothermal influence at Jialu is preserved in calcite crystal fluid inclusions, elevated δ18O (8.71‰–10.72‰), non-charge-and-radius–controlled (CHARAC) Y/Ho ratios (36–41), and low Sr concentrations (<4800 ppm). Secondary upgrading of HREEs at Jialu occurred due to preferential complexation and transportation during hydrothermal exsolution. This study demonstrates that maximum HREE enrichment in carbonatites is achieved through a two-stage process that involves both a refertilized mantle source and late-stage hydrothermal exsolution.
Subductability of continental lithosphere
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Zhong-Hai
Published: November 2024

Multiple lines of evidence from geological and geophysical observations indicate the deep subduction of continental lithosphere; however, the potential and driving forces of (self-sustained) continental subduction remain unclear. Here, systematic thermal-petrological models were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the subductability of continental lithosphere by analyzing its density structure and slab-pull evolution during subduction. The results indicate that the metamorphic densification of deeply subducted continental lithosphere (upper, middle, lower crust and lithospheric mantle) could provide considerable driving force for continental deep subduction. The numerical models further indicate that, if a Phanerozoic or Proterozoic continental lithosphere is dragged to a large depth of >300 km, then the continental slab pull overcomes the overall resistance force. Consequently, the continental subduction occurs self-consistently without any drag from the preceding oceanic slab. For Archean continental lithosphere, it is more difficult for self-sustained subduction to occur, due to the highly depleted mantle composition. In addition, we also systematically quantified the effects of multiple factors, including the scraping of continental crust, subduction velocity, subduction angle, and variable bulk-rock compositions of continental crust. Finally, a representative case study of the Himalayan orogen revealed that the slab pull of presently subducting Indian continental lithosphere ranges from 13 TN/m to 29 TN/m, providing a major contribution for the ongoing India-Asia collision.
Anterograde placement of drug-coated balloon for ureteroileal anastomosis stricture
Authors: Rico Luis , Maqueda Martin , Blas Leandro , Contreras Pablo
Published: November 2024

We describe a case of ureteral stricture after radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder. The patient presented 4 months after laparoscopic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal orthotopic ileal neobladder, with fever and left lower back pain.

Laboratory analysis showed leucocytosis and elevated C reactive protein and creatine levels. CT scan showed left hydronephrosis and slow excretion of the intravenous contrast medium with a narrowing at the left ureteroileal anastomosis.

A nephrostomy was placed and, 6 weeks later, the anterograde placement of a drug-coated balloon with paclitaxel was placed. Inflation to rated burst pressure occurred for 3–5 min, the drug-coated balloon was removed and a new nephrostomy tube was placed without ureteral stent placement. We performed a kidney ultrasound 30 days after the drug-coated balloon placement with the nephrostomy tube closed showing no left hydronephrosis and the nephrostomy tube was removed.
Snow sports-specific extension of the IOC consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injury and illness in sports
Authors: Spörri Jörg , McGawley Kerry , Alhammoud Marine , Bahr Roald , Dios Caitlin , Engebretsen Lars , Gilgien Matthias , Gouttebarge Vincent , Hanstock Helen , Haugvad Lars , Hörterer Hubert , Kastner Tom , Mitterbauer Gerald , Mountjoy Margo , Wagner Kathrin , Noordhof Dionne A , Ruedl Gerhard , Scherr Johannes , Schobersberger Wolfgang , Soligard Torbjørn , Steidl-Müller Lisa , Stenseth Oleane Marthea Rebne , Jacobsen Astrid Uhrenholdt , Valtonen Maarit , Westin Maria , Clarsen Benjamin , Verhagen Evert
Published: November 2024

The International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) consensus statement on ‘methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport’ recommended standardising methods to advance data collection and reporting consistency. However, additional aspects need to be considered when these methods are applied to specific sports settings. Therefore, we have developed a snow sports-specific extension of the IOC statement to promote the harmonisation of injury and illness registration methods among athletes of all levels and categories in the different disciplines governed by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS), which is also applicable to other related snow sports such as biathlon, ski mountaineering, and to some extent, para snow sports. The panel was selected with the aim of representing as many different areas of expertise/backgrounds, perspectives and diversity as possible, and all members were assigned to thematic subgroups based on their profiles. After panel formation, all members were provided with an initial draft of this extension, which was used as a basis for discussion of aspects specific to the discipline, application context, level and sex within their snow sports subgroup topic. The outcomes were then aligned with the IOC’s existing consensus recommendations and incorporated into a preliminary manuscript draft. The final version of this snow sports-specific extension was developed and approved in two iterative rounds of manuscript revisions by all consensus panel members and a final meeting to clarify open discussion points. This snow sports-specific extension of the IOC statement is intended to guide researchers, international and national sports governing bodies, and other entities recording and reporting epidemiological data in snow sports to help standardise data from different sources for comparison and future research.
Type 2 diabetes complications in ethnic minority compared with European host populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Beulens Joline W J , Reichelt Felix , Remmelzwaal Sharon , Rutters Femke , Strooij Bianca , Harms Peter , de Vries Ralph , Blom Marieke T , Stronks Karien , Muilwijk Mirthe
Published: November 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify differences in type 2 diabetes (T2D) complications between ethnic minority populations and European host populations, in both cross-sectional and prospective studies. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched multiple databases for studies (until July 1, 2024) with T2D complications as outcome. Studies were included if they compared ethnic minority populations to the host population and were conducted in Europe. T2D complications included mortality, macrovascular and microvascular complications and mental disorders. Risk of bias was assessed with the assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Risk estimates were pooled using random effects models. From a total of 2901 references, 58 studies were included, comprising 805 to 1 230 410 individuals for the meta-analyzed complications. Compared with the host population, ethnic minority populations generally had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.70 (95% CI 0.63; 0.77); I2=87%)) and macrovascular complications (RR 0.72 (95% CI 0.58; 0.88); I2=88%). South Asians, however, showed comparable risks for most macrovascular complications and a slighthly higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Increased risks for microvascular complications, nephropathy and retinopathy were observed (eg, in prospective studies RR 1.50 (95% CI 1.14; 1.96); I2=86% for nephropathy). No ethnic differences were observed for mental disorders. Ethnic minority populations with T2D in Europe are generally at reduced risk of all-cause mortality and macrovascular complications, but at higher risk of nephropathy and retinopathy. Our findings may help to further identify high-risk populations and to develop guidelines and future interventions. PROSPERO registration number:PROSPERO2022 CRD42022366854.
Addressing data quality issues to assess clinical and epidemiological risk factors for COVID-19 among documented cases in Liberia: a single-centre, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Harmon-Gray Wahdae-Mai , Hessou Heounohu , Adeiza Mukhtar , Brown Jerry , Wright Antoinette H , Skrip Laura
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Identification of risk factors for severe COVID-19 can help to inform case management in resource-constrained settings. We aimed to rigorously but retroactively address data issues to identify risk factors for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among cases seeking care in Liberia.

Methods

Chart data on confirmed cases were extracted at the national COVID-19 treatment unit. Due to the use of paper charts, assignment of non-unique identifiers and incomplete documentation, data required cleaning to remove duplicates per three sets of predefined criteria. Associations between epidemiological, clinical and demographic variables and indicators of disease severity were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

The raw data set for patients classified between 15 March and 1 September 2020 included 2703 cases or 107% more than the 1303 cases reported by the national surveillance system during the same period. The median age of cases was found to be 38 years (IQR: 27–50); most cases were men (65%). The rates of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use for breathing support and of case fatality were 5% (71/1330) and 5% (52/981), respectively. Increased odds of breathing assistance with CPAP use were associated with self-reported diabetes (aOR: 4.37; 95% CI: 1.72 to 10.4) and/or hypertension (aOR: 4.86; 95% CI: 1.81 to 12.2) and increasing age (aOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.08). Recent travel history (aOR: 5.13; 95% CI: 1.13 to 19.3) and residence outside of urban Montserrado County (aOR: 22.7; 95% CI: 8.08 to 76.4) were associated with increased odds of death.

Conclusions

Results from this retrospective analysis highlight self-reported non-communicable diseases as well as residence outside of largely urbanised Montserrado County as factors associated with COVID-19 severity among presenting cases in Liberia. The findings, both in terms of analytical results and data quality concerns, offer insight into how access to the highly centralised health systems and processes in Liberia may have affected populations distant from the central response in terms not only of COVID-19 disease outcomes but also care-seeking behaviour and surveillance effectiveness. This has implications for surveillance and response across priority diseases.
How the brain impacts the heart: lessons from ischaemic stroke and other neurological disorders
Authors: Stengl Helena , Poller Wolfram C , Di Vece Davide , Templin Christian , Endres Matthias , Nolte Christian H , Scheitz Jan F
Published: November 2024

Cardiovascular alterations are common in patients who had ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke and other acute brain disorders such as seizures. These cardiac complications are important drivers of morbidity and mortality and comprise blood-based detection of cardiomyocyte damage, ECG changes, heart failure and arrhythmia. Recently, the concept of a distinct ‘stroke-heart syndrome’ has been formulated as a pathophysiological framework for poststroke cardiac complications. The concept considers cardiac sequelae after stroke to be the result of a stroke-induced disturbance of the brain–heart axis. In this review, we describe the spectrum of cardiac changes secondary to ischaemic stroke and other acute brain disorders. Furthermore, we focus on Takotsubo syndrome secondary to acute brain disorders as a model disease of disturbed brain–heart interaction. Finally, we aim to provide an overview of the anatomical and functional links between the brain and the heart, with emphasis on the autonomic network and the role of inflammation. Given the clinical relevance of the deleterious impact of acute brain injury on the heart, we call for clinical awareness and for starting joint efforts combining expertise of neurology and cardiology to identify specific therapeutic interventions.
Exploring cardiovascular involvement in IgG4-related disease: a case series approach with cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Henry John Aaron , Xavier Roshan , Selvaraj Emmanuel , Burrage Matthew , Thomas Katharine E , Lukaschuk Elena , Zhang Qiang , Ferreira Vanessa M , Piechnik Stefan K , Sabharwal Nikant , Neubauer Stefan , Rider Oliver , Culver Emma L , Lewis Andrew
Published: November 2024

Background

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a relapsing–remitting, fibroinflammatory, multisystem disorder. Cardiovascular involvement from IgG4-RD has not been systematically characterised. In this study, we sought to evaluate consecutive patients with IgG4-RD using a detailed multiparametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging protocol.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 11 patients with histology-confirmed IgG4-RD; with active disease at time of scan. We undertook a detailed multiparametric CMR imaging protocol at 1.5T including cine imaging, native T1 and T2 mapping, stress perfusion imaging with inline quantitation of myocardial blood flow and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging.

Results

All patients exhibited at least one abnormality on CMR imaging. Abnormal elevation of global or segmental left ventricular myocardial T1 and T2 values was present in four patients, suggesting myocardial oedema or inflammation. Abnormal LGE, suggesting myocardial scar fibrosis, was present in nine patients, with eight displaying a non-ischaemic pattern, and one showing an ischaemic pattern. Four patients fulfilled both Lake Louise Criteria for active myocardial inflammation, while a further six fulfilled one criterion. Myocardial perfusion reserve was normal in all evaluable patients. Ten patients had normal ventricular volumes, mass and systolic function. In addition, thoracic aortitis was identified in three patients who underwent
18
F-flourodeoxyglucose PET/CT imaging, with resolution following anti-B-cell treatment.

Conclusions

In this cohort of patients with histology-confirmed IgG4-RD, multiparametric CMR revealed no changes in gross cardiac structure and function, but frequent myocardial tissue abnormalities. These data suggest a plausible pathophysiological link between IgG4-RD and cardiovascular involvement.
Comparing road traffic injuries by types of road users among children and adolescents in South Korea, 2011–2021
Authors: Yeon Je Sun , Kong So Yeon , Kim Byung Woo , Shin Dong-Min , Moon Sung Hun , Jeon Sung Man , Park Gwan Jin , Chai Hyun Seok , Kim Young Min , Kim Sang Chul
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the leading cause of mortality among children and adolescents. This study aimed to compare clinical characteristics and identify factors associated with severe RTIs based on types of road users among children and adolescents with RTIs.

Methods

A retrospective multicentre observational study was conducted using the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance registry in South Korea. A total of 78 021 participants younger than 19 years who presented with RTIs to the participating emergency departments from 2011 to 2021 were classified into four groups: passengers, pedestrians, motorcyclists and bicyclists. Demographic and injury-related factors were analysed using a multivariate logistic regression model to determine associations with severe RTIs, as indicated by the Excess Mortality Ratio-based Injury Severity Score of ≥16. The prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), hospitalisations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and severe RTIs among road users was compared.

Results

Head injuries were most prevalent in passengers (55.3%), motorcyclists (46.7%) and bicyclists (50.1%). Motorcyclists exhibited the highest proportion of TBI (8.3%), total admissions (28.8%), ICU admissions (8.2%), severe RTIs (41.0%) and mortality (2.0%). Safety devices significantly reduced severe RTIs in passengers and motorcyclists (adjusted OR (95% CI) 0.77 (0.70 to 0.85) and 0.69 (0.62 to 0.76), respectively.

Conclusion

The distinct clinical characteristics and factors associated with severe RTIs among different road user types in children and adolescents highlight the need for targeted interventions. Tailoring strategies to the specific requirements of each group is essential for effectively mitigating the occurrence of severe RTIs in this vulnerable demographic.
Association between socioeconomic disadvantage and severe maternal morbidity and mortality in high-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Geddes-Barton Dorothea , Baldelli Sofia , Karthikappallil Roshan , Bentley Thomas , Omorodion Blessing , Thompson Lucy , Roberts Nia Wyn , Goldacre Raph , Knight Marian , Ramakrishnan Rema
Published: November 2024

Background

Socioeconomic position (SEP) is among the most important determinants of variations in health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to summarise the association between socioeconomic disadvantage and the risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and maternal mortality (MM) across high-income countries.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycInfo databases and Google Scholar from January 2000 to June 2023. Peer-reviewed papers from observational studies conducted in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries were included. Meta-analyses of comparable studies, a narrative summary and a harvest plot were undertaken.The risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa tool.

Results

The final review included 52 papers. In the meta-analyses, compared with the least amount of neighbourhood deprivation, neighbourhood income, neighbourhood poverty and years of education, the ORs for SMM in the highest group were 1.45 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.85), 1.48 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.63), 1.61 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.66) and 1.29 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.37), respectively. Similarly, the ORs for MM among least versus highest amount of neighbourhood deprivation, unemployed versus employed, lower versus higher occupational group and years of education were 2.10 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.81), 1.86 (95% CI 0.95 to 3.66), 1.61 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.51) and 1.90 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.79), respectively.

Discussion

In high-income countries across the different measures of SEP, socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with increased risk for SMM and MM. There is a need for interventions across multiple societal levels that will be effective in reducing these inequitable outcomes.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023399267.
Downstream healthcare use following breast cancer screening: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Gram Emma Grundtvig , Siersma Volkert , Nicolaisdóttir Dagný Rós , Brandt Brodersen John
Published: November 2024

Background

For evaluation of breast cancer screening and informed prioritisation, it is important to examine the downstream healthcare use associated to participation. The objective of this study is to determine the healthcare use among breast cancer screening participants compared with screening-naïve controls.

Methods

The study is a register-based cohort study with 14 years of follow-up. We compare healthcare use among women who participated in the initial phase of the stepwise breast cancer screening implementation in Denmark (stratified on screening result: normal, false positive and breast cancer) compared with those invited in subsequent phases.

Results

Screening participants, especially those with false-positive results, tended to use primary healthcare services more than the screening-naïve group. Women with breast cancer and false positives received more breast imaging compared with the screening-naïve group. False positives consistently had the highest use of drugs compared with the control group. All screening groups had significantly higher use of outpatient clinic visits in the year of and following screening compared with the screening-naïve group. Screening groups were more likely to receive additional diagnoses in the years following screening than the screening-naïve group. There were no significant differences in medical procedures and days of hospitalisation.

Conclusions

The study highlights differences in primary healthcare use among screening groups compared with the screening-naïve group. Since use of primary care services is at the discretion of the women, this implies increased worries about health. Thus, these results indicate increased healthcare-seeking behaviour, especially among women with false-positive results.
Qualitative insights into antimicrobial use on cow–calf operations in Ontario
Authors: Finnis Elizabeth , Fursova Veronica , Gordon Jessica
Published: November 2024

Antimicrobial use and misuse in the agricultural sector are driving causes of the ongoing antimicrobial resistance public health crisis. To enact meaningful on-farm stewardship and best-practice discussions, we need more research that provides in-depth understandings of producers’ beliefs, values, practices, and challenges surrounding the use of antimicrobials. Through a discussion of the experiences of twelve cow–calf operators in Ontario, we demonstrate how qualitative research methods can be mobilized to gain insights into the priorities and concerns that shape farmers’ use of antimicrobials, as well as barriers to their effective use.
Soil nematode communities differ across long-term land-use intensities in relation to soil physical, chemical, and biological parameters
Authors: Arseneault Hannah , Lynch Derek H. , Nyiraneza Judith , Stiles Kyra , Mills Aaron , Fraser Tandra
Published: November 2024

Soil disturbance, reduced crop diversity, and decreased residue in intensively managed systems can negatively impact soil biological communities and soil health. This study examined the impact of long-term (>20 years) low- (forest, grassland), medium- (diversified annual cropping), and high-intensity (annual cropping, frequently to potatoes) land-use on soil nematode communities and soil health in 59 sites across Prince Edward Island, Canada. Soil samples (0–15 cm) were collected at five locations per site and analysed for soil biological (nematode communities, respiration, soil organic matter, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXc), soil protein), chemical (pH, N, soil N supply, extractable nutrients), and physical (bulk density, texture) properties. Soil pH and extractable nutrients were lowest in the low-intensity sites, while total C and C:N ratios were highest and decreased with increasing land-use intensity (low > medium > high). Soil respiration, POXc, and protein were lowest for high-intensity sites. Low-intensity sites had greater nematode Shannon diversity and richness, and higher maturity and structure indices than the medium- and high-intensity sites ( p < 0.05), signifying a more structured nematode community. Nematode communities from the high-intensity sites were more degraded and had significantly higher basal indices compared to the low- and medium-intensity sites. At the trophic level, the low-intensity system had higher numbers of omnivores and lower abundance of bacterivores. These differences in nematode trophic composition may result in differences in ecosystem function, including nutrient cycling and biological control.
Weighted norm inequalities for jump and variation of some singular integral operators with rough kernel
Authors: Chen Yanping , Yang Liu , Qu Meng
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we consider weighted jump and variational inequalities of truncated singular integral operator with rough kernel [Formula: see text] where the kernel [Formula: see text] satisfies the cancellation condition and the homogeneous condition of degree [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. This kind of singular integral appears in the approximation of the surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equation from the generalized SQG equation. We establish the [Formula: see text] estimate of the jump and variational inequalities of the families [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. Moreover, one can get the weighted [Formula: see text] boundedness of the Calderón–Zygmund operator by letting [Formula: see text].
Electron efficiency in LHC Run-2 with the ATLAS experiment
Authors: Ducu Otilia
Published: November 2024

The document presents a general overview of the electron reconstruction, identification and isolation performance in the ATLAS experiment. The results are obtained using 13[Formula: see text]TeV proton–proton collision data collected during the LHC Run-2. The electron reconstruction efficiency is higher than 97%, and the ratio of data to Monte Carlo simulation efficiency is close to unity, with associated uncertainties generally smaller than 0.1%. The electron identification is shown for three working points, and depending on the electron [Formula: see text], it can be as low as 60%, increasing to more than 80% above 50[Formula: see text]GeV. The correction factors are close to one, generally within 5%. Five isolation working points are recommended in the ATLAS experiment, to successfully reject fake/nonprompt electrons. Their dependency on the electron identification working points is shown and discussed, as well as their pile-up dependency, and their performance versus electron [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].