bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristic of addictive disorders adolescent behavior who use psychoactive substances. Algorithm providing health and social care
Authors: Tabachnikov S. I. , Kharchenko Ye. M. , Sinitska T. V. , Chepurna A. M. , Kioseva O. V. , Voronina O. V.
Published: June 2020

Background. The problem of substance use among the population of different countries, and also in Ukraine, is one of the most significant among the leading medical and social issues of our time. It is characterized by a number of socio-economic features and related changes in the psychological climate among the population. Particularly seriously, these phenomena destroy still unformed personality of adolescents and young people.

Objective – to develop new approaches to the prevention of addictive conditions of adolescents who use psychoactive substances through early diagnosis and timely medical and social care.

Methods. The research methods were a unified map, a system of AUDIT-like tests to identify the characteristics of the use of psychoactive substances by adolescents, methods for determining personality and character accentuations, anxiety, depression and others.

Results. Among the total number of respondents who use psychoactive substances (1374 people (91,6%)) the largest one was the group of people who used alcohol-containing substances – 92,3%. Mostly these were drinks with low alcohol content (beer, various low-alcohol, tonic drinks, fashionable in the modern youth environment), but were consumed systematically in large doses. Most adolescents when taking various psychoactive substances are mainly in the area of “safe use” (1-7 points) or “dangerous use” (8-15 points), but without harmful effects or states of dependence. However, with the most common types of psychoactive substances (alcoholic beverages, tobacco), some respondents switched to more severe forms of substance use, namely: “with harmful effects” or “dependent conditions”. According to the study, with smoking, the above transition is more intense. Among other psychoactive substances, the level of “harmful effects” is more often observed with the use of psychostimulants – 15,4% and 5,5%; respectively opiates (opioids) – 9,3%; cannabinoids – 5,6%.

Conclusions. The research revealed certain characteristics of psychoactive substances of adolescence, which can be detected using AUDIT tests, which allow to obtain a description of the degree of use of psychoactive substances, assessment of pathopsychological and clinical-psychopathological features of certain prognosis for the future. The predisposing factor for the use of psychoactive substances is neuropsychological instability, accentuation of character (emotional, excitable, steroid, conformity and other types); peculiarity of behavioral reactions of adolescence (protest, grouping, emancipation, etc.) and other features of teenagers.
Las megaempresas del agronegocio: un estudio del modelo agrario a partir de las prácticas empresariales
Authors: Sosa Varrotti Andrea Patricia
Published: June 2020

Este artículo aborda el estudio del agronegocio a partir de las prácticas de las megaempresas de producción agropecuaria de origen argentino, que contribuyen a dar forma y a consolidar los pilares sobre los que se asienta ese modelo productivo. En particular, el análisis de las prácticas productivas, comerciales y financieras de estas empresas −tanto en Argentina como en los otros países del Mercosur donde se expandieron− permite entender el vínculo entre los pilares financiero, productivo y organizacional de esta lógica de producción. A través del estudio de dos casos, el Grupo Los Grobo y El Tejar, se analiza la flexibilización de la producción y del trabajo que promueven estas empresas con su modelo de negocios en ‘red’, su participación en la financiarización de la agricultura, y el vínculo de ambos aspectos con los procesos de concentración que facilitan.
An Overview Of Quality In Higher Education In The West And Recommendations For Arab Universities
Authors: Diyen Hayat
Published: June 2020

The paper proposes to study quality in higher education. It presents the definitional problems related to the concept of quality, and, then, it shows the approaches to implementing quality. Approaches to quality in higher education in most countries have started with an assumption that, for various reasons, the quality of higher education needs monitoring. While there are some conflicting attitudes towards systems of quality management in the West and criticism of the bureaucratic procedures related to some methods of quality assessment, the paper also discusses the situation in Arab countries regarding quality in higher education. To sum up, governments around the world are looking for higher education to be more responsive in face of the needs of a changing world.
Comparaison de méthodes sur un modèle de prédiction de la réussite universitaire
Authors: Vandamme Jean-Philippe , Meskens Nadine , Artiba Abdelhakim
Published: June 2020

Depuis longtemps, l'échec scolaire en premiêre année universitaire alimente bon nombre de débats. De nombreux psychopédagogues ont tenté de le comprendre puis de l'expliquer. De nombreux statisticiens ont quant à  eux essayé de le prévoir. Nos recherches visent à  établir un modêle permettant de déterminer le plus tôt possible dans l'année le groupe des étudiants de premiêre année sur qui il faut cibler en priorité les ressources pédagogiques dont on dispose afin d'améliorer le taux de réussite. Pour cela, nous avons transposé sous forme de questionnaire les hypothêses posées dans de nombreux modêles théoriques. Ensuite, aprês avoir récolté via ce questionnaire des données suffisamment nombreuses et diverses, l'objectif a été d'extraire de l'information via des méthodes statistiques ou de fouille de données (data mining) et ainsi permettre la classification des étudiants en trois classes les plus homogênes possibles. Cet article décrit la méthodologie adoptée, les variables qui ont été analysées et les méthodes qui ont été utilisées et comparées. Avec la mise en parallêle des résultats fournis par les diverses méthodes (analyses discriminantes, régressions, ensembles approximatifs, arbres de décision, etc.), il est possible de mettre en lumiêre leurs différences de performance. En effet, certaines méthodes se sont montrées plus efficaces en terme de taux de prédictions correctes réalisées, là  oà¹ d'autres ont surtout été intéressantes pour leur capacité à  mettre en évidence les facteurs  prédictifs de la réussite universitaire.
Formation à l'usage des technologies de l'information et de la communication, leur enseignement et leur utilisation à l'école
Authors: Béché Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Cet article s'intéresse à la formation technopédagogique des enseignants, l'enseignement des TIC et leur utilisation en éducation. Il explore à cet effet les paradigmes et méthodes qui situent l'école et les technologies dans une logique de coconstruction. Ces paradigmes et méthodes présentent la formation à l'usage pédagogique des TIC comme une pratique biographique et longitudinale. Ils la situent aussi dans une perspective qui insiste sur les compétences, la qualité des apprentissages, la réflexivité et l'hybridation des dispositifs pédagogiques. Quant à l'utilisation pédagogique des TIC et leur enseignement à l'école, ils les fondent sur la maîtrise technique, cognitive et pédagogique de ces outils, l'approche par les invariants, la scénarisation pédagogique, l'éducation aux médias et l'innovation technopédagogique.
Skills for employability: Identification of the Soft Skills required in engineering education
Authors: CHAIBATE Hind , BAKKALI Soumia
Published: June 2020

In a context of increased competition on the job market, soft skills have become as important as the technical skills for employability of Moroccan engineers. Reactive and innovative engineering schools orient their learning process towards the job market requirements. This study aims at examining the soft skills required by accreditation bodies in some developing countries, namely ABET (The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology), ENAEE (European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education), ABEEK (Accreditation Board for Engineering Education of Korea), JABEE (The Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education) et EA (Engineers Australia). These skills are subsequently correlated with the Syllabus of the CDIO initiative founded by MIT (the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) In the United States. This syllabus represents a model of engineering program. It has been developed in collaboration with the industry, the government and the university community. In this study we highlight a set of soft skills which we compared with those developed in Moroccan engineering education programs in order to detect their shortcomings and key success factors.
Smart Universities Walk the Talk of Commitment
Authors: VAN KEMENADE EVERARD
Published: June 2020

Twenty first century cities encounter many problems regarding transportation, governance, information technology, environment, resources. Smart cities are needed and already booming all over the world. The concept of Smart Cities needs to be defined. The Smart City model by Giffinger et al (2007) is useful in this respect. It discerns six topics: smart living, smart governance, smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment and smart people. 

This article focuses on the consequences of smart cities for universities. They can teach their students specific competences in e.g. Information Technology, Urbanisation, Smart Cities and Sustainability. They can do research in such areas. But: "The centrality of "žsmart citizens"Ÿ, rather than "žsmart cities"Ÿ, can be easily overlooked."  (Slovava and Okwechime, 2016). Smart Cities can only function, if their citizen become smart. For universities that means teaching general competences to all students like problem solving, creativity, flexibility and critical thinking. Crucial is knowledge and skills regarding sustainability. For that matter, the university will need to be an example to be credible.

Actually, universities need a paradigm shift: from control and continuous improvement to commitment, a preliminary stage to real breakthrough. The stage the university is in can be measured with the Emergency Model (c) (Van Kemenade, 2017). The instrument can also point out what still needs to be done to achieve the breakthrough that is needed for universities in times of Smart Cities.
Simulation of forced oscillations of an open shell with a small attached mass, with a hinge support, by the method of Pade approximation
Authors: Добрышкин Артем Юрьевич , Сысоев Олег Евгеньевич , Сысоев Евгений Олегович , Лин Тхет
Published: June 2020

В работе приводится уточненная математическая модель вынужденных колебаний разомкнутой оболочки с малой присоединенной массой при шарнирном опирании. Шарнирное опирание рассмотрено как наиболее часто используемое. Уравнения составлены в линейной постановке, решались асимптотическими методами, с помощью аппроксимации Паде. Проведены экспериментальные исследования, для этого изготовлены испытательный стенд, образцы, разработана программа экспериментов. Выполненное сравнение теоретических и экспериментальных данных составляет менее 5%, что говорит о высокой надежности уточненной математической модели. Полученные зависимости частоты колебаний оболочки и параметра волнообразования позволяют производить расчеты разомкнутый тонкостенных цилиндрических оболочек при параметре волнообразования больше 0,3, при проектировании таких конструкций.

The paper presents a refined mathematical model of forced oscillations of an open shell with a small attached mass at a hinge support. Hinge support is considered as the most frequently used. The equations are composed in a linear formulation, solved by asymptotic methods, using Pade approximations. Experimental studies were carried out, a test stand and samples were made for this purpose, and a program of experiments was developed. Comparison of theoretical and experimental data it is less than 5%, which indicates a high reliability of the refined mathematical model. The obtained dependences of the shell oscillation frequency and the wave formation parameter make it possible to calculate the open-ended thin-walled cylindrical shells with a wave formation parameter greater than 0.3, when designing such structures.
Elastic-plastic problem under complex shear conditions
Authors: Сенашов Сергей Иванович , Савостьянова Ирина Леонидовна
Published: June 2020

В статье рассмотрены уравнения анизотропной теории пластического течения в пространственном случае. На основе группы непрерывных преобразований, допускаемой системой, построено инвариантное решение. В случае однородного напряженного состояния найдено новое поле скоростей. Это поле имеет функциональный произвол.

We considered the equations of the anisotropic theory of plastic flow in the spatial case in this study. We have constructed an invariant solution based on the group of continuous transformations allowed by the system. In the case of a homogeneous stress state, a new velocity field is found. This field has a functional arbitrary value.
On the question of cylindrical waves in elastic media
Authors: Алексеев Владимир Николаевич
Published: June 2020

Рассматривается задача о распространении цилиндрической волны сжатия в упругой среде. Получены значения радиальных смещений точек среды и радиальных напряжений. Указаны асимптотические оценки полученных решений для поля смещений в среде на больших расстояниях от источников волны, а также статистическое распределение смещений среды.

The problem of propagation of a cylindrical compression wave in an elastic medium is considered. The values of radial displacements of medium points and radial stresses are obtained. Asymptotic estimates of the obtained solutions for the displacement field in the medium at large distances from the wave sources are given, as well as the statistical distribution of the displacement of the medium.
Stretching of a cylindrical rod of variable cross-section in the theory of small elastic-plastic
Authors: Петров Николай Ильич
Published: June 2020

В работе рассматривается растяжение бесконечно длинного цилиндрического стержня переменного сечения. Используются результаты решения линеаризированных уравнений теории малых упругопластических деформаций [1-7] в случае осесимметричной задачи. Предполагается, что в начальном состоянии имеет место простое растяжение.

We considers the stretching of an infinitely long cylindrical rod of variable cross-section. The results of solving the linearized equations of the theory of small elastic-plastic deformations [1-7] in the case of an axisymmetric problem are used. It is assumed that a simple stretch occurs in the initial state.
Existence theorem for a solution of a class of third order nonlinear differential equations with polynomial right hand side of the seventh degree in a vicinity of a movable singular point
Authors: Орлов Виктор Николаевич , Гасанов Магомедюсуф Владимирович
Published: June 2020

В настоящей статье дано развитие варианта доказательства теоремы существования и единственности решения рассматриваемого класса нелинейных дифференциальных уравнений, характерной особенностью которых является наличие подвижных особых точек. Представленное доказательство позволяет построить аналитическое приближенное решение, получить его априорные оценки. Апостериорная оценка позволяет оптимизировать априорную оценку. Теоретический материал протестирован с помощью численного эксперимента.

This article gives the development of a version of the proof of the existence and uniqueness theorem for the solution of the class of nonlinear differential equations under consideration whose characteristic feature is the presence of movable singular points. The presented proof allows us to construct an analytical approximate solution and obtain its a priori estimates. A posteriori estimation allows to optimize a priori estimation. The theoretical material is tested using a numerical experiment.
An approach of simulation of the processes of temperature stresses formation by OpenFOAM
Authors: Горшков Сергей Александрович , Дац Евгений Павлович , Мурашкин Евгений Валерьевич
Published: June 2020

В работе предлагается реализация алгоритма расчета процесса необратимого деформирования материала в рамках теории температурных напряжений с учетом зависимости предела текучести от температуры в среде численного моделирования OpenFOAM. Рассмотрен пример решения трехмерной задачи о необратимом деформировании полого упругопластического цилиндра, подверженного нестационарному тепловому воздействию. Исследовано влияние скорости изменения теплового поля на формирование напряженнодеформированного состояния материала.

Using the OpenFOAM numerical simulation environment, an algorithm for calculating the process of irreversible material deformation is implemented within the framework of the theory of temperature stresses, taking into account the connectedness of the temperature fields and plastic deformations. The three-dimensional problem of the irreversible deformation of an elastoplastic cylinder subjected to an unsteady thermal gradient is solved. The influence of the rate of change of the thermal field on the formation of the stress-strain state of the material is investigated.
Libro de Resumenes del XXV Congreso Latinoamericano de Parasitología
Authors: Asociación Panameña de Microbiología y Parasitología * , Saldaña Azael , Álvarez Dayra
Published: June 2020

Libro de resúmenes:[Libro Digital en Línea] - [Descargar el libro] 

 

Palabras de Bienvenida

Estimados miembros y delegados de la Federación Latinoamericana de
Parasitología (FLAP) y amantes del fascinante mundo de la Parasitología
y la Microbiología:

Dentro del marco de celebración de nuestras fiestas patrias, Panamá se
vestirá de gala del 24 al 27 de noviembre del 2019 con la presencia de
expertos internacionales y nacionales en el campo de las ciencias
Microbiológicas, especialmente la Parasitología, ya que estaremos
celebrando el XXV Congreso FLAP, 'V Congreso de la Asociación
Panameña de Microbiología y Parasitología (APMyP), el XVII Congreso
de Estudiantes de Medicina de Panamá y XXII Jornada Cien􀀧fica.
Los invitamos a compartir experiencias y vivencias científicas que se
presentarán en charlas magistrales, simposios, talleres y carteles en
temas de actualidad e impacto regional que por condiciones
geográficas y climáticas se presentan en nuestros países.
Además de disfrutar de todos los atractivos que brinda nuestro querido
Panamá, esperamos que sea gratificante y enriquecedora su estadía.
Bendiciones y Bienvenidos

María Mireya Muñoz Arza
Presidenta de la FLAP y la Asociación Panameña
de Microbiología y Parasitología
Nhân một trường hợp bướu rất hiếm gặp ở lồng ngực sarcôm hoạt dịch nguyên phát ở phổi
Authors: Nguyễn Sơn Lam
Published: June 2020

A CASE VERY RARE TUMOR IN THORAX PRIMARY PULMONARY SYNOVIAL SARCOMA: CASE REPORT Background:Primary synovial sarcoma of lung is an extremely rare tumor. The etiology and pathogenesis of sarcomas lung are not well understood. A definitive diagnosis requires detailed connecting clinical symptoms, radiological imaging, immunohistochemical staining and may be molecular genetics techniques. Case Report:A male patient, 46 years old, history disease about 5 days with dry cough, dyspnea and right chest pain. Image manifestations: right pleural effusion and lung collapse. He had been taken the right pleural drainage and then the right lung surgery to remove the tumor. Right lung tumors are associated with right pleura, pericardium and mediastinal invasions. The diagnosis is confirmed with immunohistochemical staining of positive specific markers: PanCK, CD 5/6, CD99, Bcl-2, Calretinin, WT-1, Podoplanin. Conclusions: Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcom is a mesenchymal malignant disease in the lungs, very rare. The disease progresses rapidly, involving the parenchyma of the lungs, pleura, or pericardium, the lymph nodes or nearby tissues. The diagnosis have determined by immunohistochemistry. Key word: Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcoma; Immunohistochemistry; SSX SYT-SSX Fusion Gene.
Điều trị chấn thương sọ não cấp tính bằng ghép tế bào gốc tự thân tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế
Authors: Nguyễn Duy Thăng
Published: June 2020

TREATING ACUTE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY BY USING AUTOLOGOUS BONE
MARROW DERIVED STEM CELLS AT HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL

The number of acute traumatic injuries caused by accidents has been increasing in recent years, leading to death or serious complications in cognitive behavior or social function. Few pre-clinical studies around the world have shown the ablity of stem cells in neuroprotection. Therefore, we apply autologous stem cells transplants in two acute traumatic brain injury patients to evaluate the effectiveness of stem cell therapy.
Method: Three male patients aged 23 and 49 years with a postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale of 6 and 8 were treated with autologous mononuclear cells delivered intravenously within 2-3 hours after bone marrow harvesting, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and expanded in culture before the system
administrating through vein after 7-10 days. To determine the safety of the procedure, systemic and cerebral hemodynamics were monitored during bone marrow harvest; infusion-related toxicity was determined by hepatic enzymes, and renal function.
Result and conclusion: There were no significant changes in liver, kidney and hematological criteria.
BI and Glasgow indexes increased significantly compared to the control group. There was no abnormal complication within 4-6 weeks after cell transplantation. Autologous stem cell therapy is safe and effective for patients with acute brain injury.
Keywords: Stem cells; Mesenchymal stem cell; Bone marrow; Acute traumatic brain injury
PCR đặc hiệu allele tích hợp công nghệ amplification refractory mutation system (Dsa-Pcr-Arms) phát hiện đột biến jak2 v617f và Carl trên bệnh nhân có hội chứng tăng sản tủy
Authors: Ngô Tất Trung
Published: June 2020

BIDIRECTIONAL ALLELE SPECIFIC PCR INTEGRATED WITH AMPLIFICATION REFRACTORY MUTATION SYSTEM –(DSA-PCR-ARMS) FOR ANALYZING CARL AND JAK2 V617F MUTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM

Bachground: Jak2 V617F and CARLmutation arerecognized as essential molecular genetic markers in diagnostic definition of myeloid proliferative neoplasm (MPN). Objective: to establish an income relevant Allele-specific-PCR-ARMS (DSA-PCR-ARMS) assays to identify Jak2 V617F, CARL mutations in MPN patients. Subjects: 64 MPN patients’ samples, one V617F positive referrance samples and one CALR mutant positive sample. Methods: dilution series of 100%, 50%, 25%, 5%, 0,5% and 0% mutant alleles were created as pseudo-samples establish the detection limits and the technical specificity of DSA-PCR-ARMS assays in identifying the mentioned genetics markers. Result: Our approach can detect presence of 0.5 % V617F mutant DNA fragment; beside that just by one gel-based PCR reaction, we can differentiate the deletion/insertion CARL carriers from the wild type counterpart. By applying our approachesto a study cohort of 50 MPN cases, a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 100% was recorded for our Jak2 V617F detection assay and we also detected 3 CARL mutation case amongst the 10 V617F negative cases. Conclusion: The in-house of Jak2 V617F/CARL mutation detection protocols have been successfully established in our hospital.
Key words: Jak2 V617F, CARL, myeloid proliferative neoplasm (MPN).
So sánh các thông số liều lượng của kỹ thuật vmat và 3d-crt trong xạ trị ung thư vú trái và hạch vùng
Authors: Nguyễn Đình Long
Published: June 2020

COMPARISON OF DOSIMETRIC PARAMETERS OF VOLUMETRIC MODULATED ARC THERAPY AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY FOR LEFT SIDE BREAST AND REGIONAL NODES

Objective: Comparative study of dose parameters of Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and three-dimension radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in patients after left breast surgery with radiation therapy with regional lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four plans of 12 left-breast cancer patients were treated with VMAT with 4 partial arc and 3D-CRT plans were added to compare each other, from 1/2018 to 3/2019 at the Vinmec TimesCity International Hospital. Results: The average coverage dose to the treatment volume (PTV) of VMAT plans is better than the 3D-CRT plan (99.10 ± 0.17 % compared to 98.7 ± 0.34 %; p = 0.01). Conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI) for VMAT plans also better results CI: 0.99 vs. 0.98; p = 0.26 and HI: 0.096 compared to 0.119; p = 0.02). Organs at risk, at low doses V5Gy, V10Gy VMAT plans do not avoid good doses by 3D-CRT plans: V5Gy for left lung (78.8 ± 4.6 % compared to 55.37 ± 4.38 %) and heart (77.15 ± 9.52 % compared to 19.15 ± 7.93 %) (p <0.001). However, at high doses, 3D-CRT plans are much higher than VMAT: Dose to left lung V20Gy (36.22 ± 3.9 % compared to 22.62 ± 2.43 %), V30Gy (30.6 ± 5.97 % compared to 11.77 ± 2.53 %) and V40Gy (24.73 ± 8.59 % compared to 3.63 ± 2.02 %) (P <0.001). Similarly, the cardiac arrival dose of the 3D-CRT plan is higher than that of VMAT: V20Gy (11.54 ± 5.83 % compared to 9.49 ± 6.00 %, p> 0.05), V30Gy (9.25 ± 5.56 % compared to 2.13 ± 1.89 %) and V40 Gy (7.54 ± 5.03 % compared with 0.2 ± 0.25 %). Dose to coronary arteries also decreased significantly for VMAT plans compared to 3D-CRT: V20Gy (0.8 ± 1.01 % compared to 27.29 ± 15.19 %) V30Gy (0.00 % compared to 23.09 ± 10.73 %). Conclusion: VMAT is dosimetrically superior to the 3D-CRT for left‑sided breast cancer patients with regional nodes by dose coverage to PTV and good ability to avoid heart and lung and coronary arteries than.
Key words: Breast cancer, Postmastectomy radiotherapy, Three-dimension conformal radiotherapy, Volumetric modulated arc therapy.
Efficacy of vaginal douching before the application of Dinoprostone pessary in labour induction, a randomized controlled study
Authors: ŞAHİN Banuhan , ÇELİK Samettin , SOYER Canan , HATIRNAZ Şafak
Published: June 2020

Aim: To investigate the effects on delivery and neonatal outcomes of vaginal douching, which can be performed before the application of dinoprostone pessary in the vagina for labour induction. Materials and method: In this prospective study 240 women with singleton, term pregnancy who underwent labour induction, were randomized into two groups. Application of dinoprostone pessary intra-vaginally with vaginal douching group (n=103) and it without vaginal douching group (n=116) were compared firstly for duration of dinoprostone application intra-vaginally secondly for duration from the beginning of dinoprostone application intra-vaginally to the active phase of labor, duration from the beginning of dinoprostone application intra-vaginally to total cervical dilatation, induction need, route of delivery (vaginal/cesarean), and uterine hyperstimulation. The birth weight, 1 and 5-minute Apgar scores, intubation need, NICU admission, presence of meconium, and fetal infection were compared between the newborns of the two groups. Data were statistically compared using the Student’s-t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson Chi-square test. Results: Intra-vaginal dinoprostone pessary application with vaginal douching compared it without douching had shorter duration of dinoprostone application (p=0.001), duration from the beginning of dinoprostone application to the active phase of labor (p=0.001) and duration from the beginning of dinoprostone application to total cervical dilatation (p=0.001). Route of delivery was not statistically different between the groups (p=0.414). Uterine hyperstimulation was more frequent in the vaginal douche group however it did not reach the statistical significance (p=0.058). Neonatal mean birth weight and 5-minute Apgar scores were higher in the vaginal douching group (p=0.660, 0.091) while intubation need, presence of meconium, and fetal infection rates were lower with statistical significance (p=0.007, 0.018, 0.011, respectively). Conclusion: As a safe, easy to perform and cheap procedure, vaginal douching prior to dinoprostone pessary application intra-vaginally can augment the induction of labour in women without increasing maternal or fetal adverse outcomes.
Demonstrating High-precision Photometry with a CubeSat: ASTERIA Observations of 55 Cancri e
Authors: Knapp Mary , Seager Sara , Demory Brice-Olivier , Krishnamurthy Akshata , Smith Matthew W. , Pong Christopher M. , Bailey Vanessa P. , Donner Amanda , Pasquale Peter Di , Campuzano Brian , Smith Colin , Luu Jason , Babuscia Alessandra , Bocchino, Jr. Robert L. , Loveland Jessica , Colley Cody , Gedenk Tobias , Kulkarni Tejas , Hughes Kyle , White Mary , Krajewski Joel , Fesq Lorraine
Published: June 2020

Arcsecond Space Telescope Enabling Research In Astrophysics (ASTERIA) is a 6U CubeSat space telescope (10 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm, 10 kg). ASTERIA’s primary mission objective was demonstrating two key technologies for reducing systematic noise in photometric observations: high-precision pointing control and high-stability thermal control. ASTERIA demonstrated 0.″5 rms pointing stability and ±10 mK thermal control of its camera payload during its primary mission, a significant improvement in pointing and thermal performance compared to other spacecraft in ASTERIA’s size and mass class. ASTERIA launched in 2017 August and deployed from the International Space Station in 2017 November. During the prime mission (2017 November–2018 February) and the first extended mission that followed (2018 March–2018 May), ASTERIA conducted opportunistic science observations, which included the collection of photometric data on 55 Cancri, a nearby exoplanetary system with a super-Earth transiting planet. The 55 Cancri data were reduced using a custom pipeline to correct complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector column-dependent gain variations. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach was used to simultaneously detrend the photometry using a simple baseline model and fit a transit model. ASTERIA made a marginal detection of the known transiting exoplanet 55 Cancri e (∼2

), measuring a transit depth of 374 ± 170 ppm. This is the first detection of an exoplanet transit by a CubeSat. The successful detection of super-Earth 55 Cancri e demonstrates that small, inexpensive spacecraft can deliver high-precision photometric measurements.
One Planet or Two Planets? The Ultra-sensitive Extreme-magnification Microlensing Event KMT-2019-BLG-1953
Authors: Han Cheongho , Kim Doeon , Jung Youn Kil , Gould Andrew , Bond Ian A. ,   (Leading authors), Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Kim Woong-Tae ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fujii Hirosane , Fukui Akihiko , Itow Yoshitaka , Hirao Yuki , Kirikawa Rintaro , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Li Man Cheung Alex , Matsubara Yutaka , Muraki Yasushi , Miyazaki Shota , Nagakane Masayuki , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Satoh Yuki , Shoji Hikaru , Suematsu Haruno , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tanaka Yuzuru , Tristram Paul J. , Yamawaki Tsubasa , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA Collaboration)
Published: June 2020

We present the analysis of a very high-magnification (A ∼ 900) microlensing event KMT-2019-BLG-1953. A single-lens single-source (1L1S) model appears to approximately delineate the observed light curve, but the residuals from the model exhibit small but obvious deviations in the peak region. A binary-lens (2L1S) model with a mass ratio of q ∼ 2 × 10−3 improves the fits by Δχ
2 = 181.8, indicating that the lens possesses a planetary companion. From additional modeling by introducing an extra planetary lens component (3L1S model) and an extra source companion (2L2S model), it is found that the residuals from the 2L1S model further diminish, but claiming these interpretations is difficult due to the weak signals with Δχ
2 = 16.0 and 13.5 for the 3L1S and 2L2L models, respectively. From a Bayesian analysis, we estimate that the host of the planets has a mass of

and that the planetary system is located at a distance of

toward the Galactic center. The mass of the securely detected planet is

. The signal of the potential second planet could have been confirmed if the peak of the light curve had been more densely observed by follow-up observations, and thus the event illustrates the need for intensive follow-up observations for very high-magnification events even in the current generation of high-cadence surveys.
Upper Limits on Planet Occurrence around Ultracool Dwarfs with K2
Authors: Sagear Sheila A. , Skinner Julie N. , Muirhead Philip S.
Published: June 2020

The occurrence of planets orbiting ultracool dwarfs is poorly constrained. We present results from a guest observer program on NASA’s K2 spacecraft to search for transiting planets orbiting a sample of 827 ultracool dwarfs. Having found no transiting planets in our sample, we determined an upper limit on the occurrence of planets. We simulated planets orbiting our sample for a range of orbital periods and sizes. For the simulated planets that transit their host, we injected the transit light curve into the real K2 light curves, then attempted to recover the injected planets. For a given occurrence rate, we calculated the probability of seeing no planets, and use the results to place an upper limit on planet occurrence as a function of planet radius and orbital period. We find that short-period, mini-Neptune- and Jupiter-sized planets are rare around ultracool dwarfs, consistent with results for early- and mid-type M dwarf stars. We constrain the occurrence rate η for planets between 0.5 and 10 R
⊕ with orbital periods between 1 and 26.3 days.
Magnetic Energy Transfer and Distribution between Protons and Electrons for Alfvénic Waves at Kinetic Scales in Wavenumber Space
Authors: Duan Die , He Jiansen , Wu Honghong , Verscharen Daniel
Published: June 2020

Turbulent dissipation is considered a main source of heating and acceleration in cosmic plasmas. The alternating current Joule-like term,

, is used to measure the energy transfer between electromagnetic fields and particles. Because the electric field depends on the reference frame, in which frame to calculate

is an important issue. We compute the scale-dependent energy transfer rate spectrum in wavevector space, and investigate the electric-field fluctuations in two reference frames:

in the mean bulk flow frame and

in the local bulk flow frame (non-inertial reference frame). Considering Alfvénic waves, we find that

, which neglects the contribution of work done by the ion inertial force, is not consistent with the magnetic field energy damping rate (2γδB
2) according to linear Maxwell–Vlasov theory, while

is exactly the same as 2γδB
2 in wavenumber space (k
∥, k
⊥), where γ is the linear damping rate. Under typical conditions of solar wind at 1 au, we find in our theoretical calculation that the field energy is mainly converted into proton kinetic energy leaving the residual minor portion for electrons. Although the electrons gain energy in the direction perpendicular to the mean magnetic field, they return a significant fraction of their kinetic energy in the parallel direction. Magnetic-field fluctuations can transfer particle energy between the parallel and perpendicular degrees of freedom. Therefore,

and

do not solely describe the energy transfer in the parallel direction and perpendicular direction, respectively.
Physical Model of Dust Polarization by Radiative Torque Alignment and Disruption and Implications for Grain Internal Structures
Authors: Lee Hyeseung , Hoang Thiem , Le Ngan , Cho Jungyeon
Published: June 2020

Dust polarization depends on mechanical properties of dust as well as on local environments. To understand how dust polarization varies with different properties, we model the wavelength-dependence polarization of starlight and polarized dust emission of aligned grains by simultaneously taking into account grain alignment and rotational disruption by radiative torques (RATs). We explore a wide range of the local radiation field and grain mechanical properties characterized by tensile strength (S
max). We find that the peak wavelength shifts to shorter wavelengths as the radiation strength (U) increases due to the enhanced alignment of small grains. Grain rotational disruption by RATs tends to decrease the optical-NIR polarization but increase the UV polarization of starlight due to the conversion of large grains into smaller ones. In particular, we find that the polarization degree at 850 μm (P
850) does not increase monotonically with U or grain temperature (T

d
), but it depends on S
max of the grains. Our model can be tested with observations toward star-forming regions or molecular clouds irradiated by a nearby star, which have higher radiation intensities than the that of the average interstellar radiation field. Finally, we compare our predictions of the P
850–T

d
relationship with Planck data and find that the observed decrease of P
850 with T

d
can be explained when grain disruption by RATs is accounted for, suggesting that as interstellar grains are unlikely to have a compact structure, perhaps they have a composite one. The variation of the polarization degree with U (or T

d
) can provide a valuable constraint on the internal structure of cosmic dust.
The Second Plateau in X-Ray Afterglow Providing Additional Evidence for Rapidly Spinning Magnetars as the GRB Central Engine
Authors: Zhao Litao , Liu Liangduan , Gao He , Lan Lin , Lei WeiHua , Xie Wei
Published: June 2020

Evidence for the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been collected in the Neil Gehrels Swift data. For instance, some GRBs show an internal X-ray plateau followed by very steep decay, which is difficult interpret within the framework of a black hole (BH) central engine, but is consistent within a rapidly spinning magnetar engine picture. The very steep decay at the end of the plateau suggests a sudden cessation of the central engine, which is explained as the collapse of a supramassive magnetar into a BH when it spins down. Here we propose that some additional evidence, such as a second X-ray plateau feature, would show up if the fallback accretion could activate the newborn BH and sufficient energy could be transferred from the newborn BH to the GRB blast wave. With a systematic data analysis for all long GRBs, we find three candidates in the Swift sample, i.e., GRBs 070802, 090111, and 120213A, whose X-ray afterglow lightcurves contain two plateaus, with the first one being an internal plateau. We find that in a fairly loose and reasonable parameter space, the second X-ray plateau data for all 3 GRBs could be interpreted with our proposed model. Future observations are likely to discover similar events, which could offer more information on the properties of the magnetar, as well as the newborn BH.
Blasts from the Past: Supernova Shock Breakouts among X-Ray Transients in the XMM-Newton Archive
Authors: Alp Dennis , Larsson Josefin
Published: June 2020

The first electromagnetic signal from a supernova (SN) is released when the shock crosses the progenitor surface. This shock breakout (SBO) emission provides constraints on progenitor and explosion properties. Observationally, SBOs appear as minute- to hour-long extragalactic X-ray transients. They are challenging to detect and only one SBO has been observed to date. Here, we search the XMM-Newton archive and find 12 new SN SBO candidates. We identify host galaxies to nine of these at estimated redshifts of 0.1–1. The SBO candidates have energies of ∼1046 erg, timescales of 30–3000 s, and temperatures of 0.1–1 keV. They are all consistent with being SN SBOs, but some may be misidentified Galactic foreground sources or other extragalactic objects. SBOs from blue supergiants agree well with most of the candidates. However, a few could be SBOs from Wolf–Rayet stars surrounded by dense circumstellar media, whereas two are more naturally explained as SBOs from red supergiants. The observations tentatively support non-spherical SBOs and are in agreement with asymmetries predicted by recent three-dimensional SN explosion simulations. eROSITA may detect ∼2 SBOs per year, which could be detected in live analyses and promptly followed up.
Estimating Dust Attenuation from Galactic Spectra. I. Methodology and Tests
Authors: Li Niu , Li Cheng , Mo Houjun , Hu Jian , Zhou Shuang , Du Cheng
Published: June 2020

We develop a method to estimate the dust attenuation curve of galaxies from full optical spectral fitting. Motivated by previous studies, we separate the small-scale features from the large-scale spectral shape, by performing a moving average method to both the observed spectrum and the simple stellar population (SSP) model spectra. The intrinsic dust-free model spectrum is then derived by fitting the observed ratio of the small- to large-scale (S/L) components with the S/L ratios of the SSP models. The selective dust attenuation curve is then determined by comparing the observed spectrum with the dust-free model spectrum. One important advantage of this method is that the estimated dust attenuation curve is independent of the shape of theoretical dust attenuation curves. We have done a series of tests on a set of mock spectra covering wide ranges of stellar age and metallicity. We show that our method is able to recover the input dust attenuation curve accurately, although the accuracy depends slightly on the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra. We have applied our method to a number of edge-on galaxies with obvious dust lanes from the ongoing MaNGA survey, deriving their dust attenuation curves and E(B − V) maps, as well as dust-free images in g, r, and i bands. These galaxies show obvious dust lane features in their original images, which largely disappear after we have corrected the effect of dust attenuation. The vertical brightness profiles of these galaxies become axisymmetric and can well be fitted by a simple disk vertical structure model.
The Effect of Substellar Continent Size on Ocean Dynamics of Proxima Centauri b
Authors: Salazar Andrea M. , Olson Stephanie L. , Komacek Thaddeus D. , Stephens Haynes , Abbot Dorian S.
Published: June 2020

The potential habitability of tidally locked planets orbiting M-dwarf stars has been widely investigated in recent work, typically with a nondynamic ocean and without continents. On Earth, ocean dynamics are a primary means of heat and nutrient distribution. Continents are a critical source of nutrients, strongly influence ocean dynamics, and participate in climate regulation. In this work, we investigate how the size of a substellar land mass affects the oceans ability to transport heat and upwell nutrients on the tidally locked planet Proxima Centauri b using the ROCKE-3D coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (GCM). We find that dayside ice-free ocean and nutrient delivery to the mixed layer via upwelling are maintained across all continent sizes. We also find that Proxima Centauri b’s climate is more sensitive to differences among atmospheric GCMs than to the inclusion of ocean dynamics in ROCKE-3D. Finally, we find that Proxima Centauri b transitions from a “lobster” state where ocean heat transport distributes heat away from the substellar point to an “eyeball” state where heat transport is restricted and surface temperature decreases symmetrically from the substellar point when the continent size exceeds ∼20% of the surface area. Our work suggests that both a dynamic ocean and continents are unlikely to decrease the habitability prospects of nearby tidally locked targets like Proxima Centauri b that could be investigated with future observations by the James Webb Space Telescope.
Novel mGluR4 agonist Rapitalam ameliorates motor dysfunction in mice with tau-associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Avdeeva Natalia V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Tau protein is classically involved in the pathogenesis of a neurodegenerative processes, such as Par­kinson’s disease. This study was aimed at testing the novel mGluR4 selective agonist using it in transgenic mice with tau-associated neurodegeneration.

Materials and methods: Mice with Human P301S Tau hyperexpression were divided into 3 groups: Rapitalam 6 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg by gavage 3 times a week; and Control (Sham). The motor functions of animals were evaluated at 12th, 14th, 16th, 18th, and 20th weeks of life using the grip-test, rotarod and hanging wire test. In addition, the time of symptoms onset and death was recorded.

Research results: The use of Rapitalam at a dose of 6 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg significantly restored the holding impulse on a hanging wire, increasing it from 5.06±1.25 kg×sec to 6.42±0.97 kg×sec and 8.84±1.17 kg×sec, respectively. A similar trend was observed in the grip test: Rapitalam recovered grip strength from 28.43±5.04 N in the control group to 44.27±5.54 N (6 mg/kg) and 59.53±7.95 (20 mg/kg). Finally, the two-month use of Rapitalam neither delayed the manifestation of symptoms, nor increased the survival of mice.

Discussion: The cause of the loss of nerve cells in the mouse-tau line is autophagy. Apparently, Rapitalam is not able to simulate this process by reducing excitotoxicity, but against the background of the neurodegenerative process, it increases the activity of the nerve cells.

Conclusion: Rapitalam improves motor dysfunction in mice with tauopathy, with no effect on the survival of animals.
Two new and one newly recorded species of Thelcticopis Karsch, 1884 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from China
Authors: Zhu Yang , Lin Ye-Jie , Zhong Yang
Published: June 2020

Two new species of the genus Thelcticopis Karsch, 1884, T. dahanensis Zhu & Zhong, sp. nov. (♂) and T. unciformis Zhu & Zhong, sp. nov. (♂), are described and figured from Taiwan Island. Thelcticopis severa (L. Koch, 1875) is recorded from Guangdong and Fujian provinces for the first time. So far, Thelcticopis, including four species from China, is mainly distributed in the tropical or subtropical areas of China (Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Fujian).
Wachstum gut, alles gut ? Pour une autre lecture de la société allemande trente ans après la chute du Mur
Authors: Goudin Élisa , Volkwein Alice
Published: June 2020

À l’occasion des 30 ans de l’unité allemande, il nous semble nécessaire de sortir de l’exclusivité de critères strictement quantitatifs et trop axés sur la croissance pour apprécier l’état de l’unité allemande à l’aulne d’autres critères permettant d’affiner la carte d’Allemagne et la réalité des différences Est-Ouest aujourd’hui. En effet, la division Est-Ouest, persistante 30 ans après l’unification, ne peut être la seule grille de lecture de la situation sociale de l’Allemagne contemporaine. Ces réflexions croisent étude statistique et étude d’histoire orale (18 entretiens biographiques d’Allemands de l’Est) et s’appuient sur les théories économiques dépassant le PIB et la croissance pour chercher à évaluer le « bien-être », voire le « bonheur » d’une société. Nous évoquons trois critères permettant de mettre en lumière d’autres réalités est-allemandes : l’égalité des chances notamment au niveau scolaire et entre hommes et femmes, l’engagement et la cohésion sociale, et le respect de l’environnement.