bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EL ENFOQUE INTERDISCIPLINARIO. UN RETO PARA LA DIDÁCTICA DE LA MATEMÁTICA EN CUBA.
Authors: Rojas Angel Bello Raidy Teidy , Ilizastigui Matos Aneya , Alvarado Romero Carmen Rosa
Published: December 2016

Constituye un reto para la didáctica de la Matemática en la carrera  Matemática-Física, formar un profesional revolucionario con una preparación político-ideológica y científico-metodológica que le permita dirigir el proceso educativo y, en particular, el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Matemática y la Física con un enfoque interdisciplinario. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir un proceder metodológico para lograr el enfoque interdisciplinario desde las potencialidades del tema de Didáctica de la Matemática: tratamiento de ejercicios y problemas en función de la dirección eficiente del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Matemática la educación media básica.
FAZENDO O DEVER DE CASA: ESTRATÉGIAS MUNICIPAIS PARA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL EM FACE ÀS ORIENTAÇÕES DO BANCO MUNDIAL
Authors: Campos Rosânia
Published: December 2016

O presente texto origina-se em uma pesquisa desenvolvida junto às três maiores cidades dos estados de Santa Catarina e Rio grande do sul, cujo objetivo era analisar quais estratégias esses municípios estavam privilegiando para atender a obrigatoriedade da matrícula aos quatros anos. Foi uma pesquisa documental, na qual a coleta de dados foi realizada em diferentes sites federais e municipais. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e, posteriormente, analisados. As análises indicaram duas fortes estratégias priorizadas: o conveniamento e a parcialização do atendimento. Para este artigo, optamos em discutir o processo de conveniamento na maior cidade de cada um dos estados, procurando captar os nexos entre essa opção governamental e as indicações dos organismos internacionais, sobretudo o Banco Mundial, que defendem os atendimentos informais como uma proposta boae de baixo custo para o desenvolvimento da primeira infância.
A GRAVITAÇÃO DA ÉTICA DO CUIDADO NA MEDIAÇÃO: INTERVENÇÃO SOCIAL E ESCOLAR NAS ESCOLAS
Authors: Martins Ernesto Candeias , MARTINS SUSANA BARTOLO
Published: December 2016

Na resolução de conflitos, no incumprimento de normas e nas situações de indisciplina escolar, exigem-se mediadores e programas de mediação. Na implementação destes programas é essencial formar mediadores para intervirem em contexto socioeducativo com alunos, professores e família, sendo exigido a esses profissionais uma ética profissional mediadora. A necessidade de educar os alunos para integrarem as equipes de mediação implica a promoção de valores de convivência e uma ética do cuidado com os outros. A ética do cuidado e do encontro permite mais possibilidades de convívio e novas formas de existência humana. Procuramos interpretar os pontos de vista de alguns autores sobre a mediação (modelos e programas), destacando a educação para a tolerância, solidariedade, responsabilidade e cidadania, que são exigências da escola no âmbito da educação para os valores. A mediação contribui para resolver conflitos, melhorar a comunicação, as relações e a convivência.
ACHADOUROS DE INFÂNCIAS: MARCAS DE RELAÇÕES ENTRE BEBÊS E ADULTOS NO ESPAÇO DA CRECHE
Authors: Simiano Luciane Pandini , Barbosa Maria Carmen Silveira , Gobbato Carolina
Published: December 2016

This text has the focus on problematize the space of early childhood education from marks relations among babies and adults found in the nursery. As Argumentative feature, it presents elements of two thesis in master education degree (PANDINI-SIMIANO, 2010; GOBBATO, 2011), which were focused on the babies education in collective spaces. The axis for approach between the two studies happens on the search for understanding how babies occupy, mark and relate to/within the nursery. As a result, we emphasize the importance of the materiality of space as an element that educates, informs, and reflects ideas and messages. In the dialogue between the two surveys, we observed the babies’ uniqueness, and that their marks gain low visibility in the educational context, and they are often placed as second. While physical expression, the whiteness and color found in space reveal con(tra)ditions which tell about ways to be baby and live their childhood in the nursery.
A MATEMÁTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DE NORMALISTAS MINEIROS(AS): 1890 A 1930
Authors: De Barros Silvia De Castro , De Oliveira Maria Cristina Araújo
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma descrição da matemática presente na formação de normalistas mineiros (as) entre 1890 e 1930, identificada a partir das normativas oficiais para a Escola Normal, confrontando-a com as propostas práticas para o ensino de geometria na escola primária veiculadas na Revista do Ensino de Minas Gerais. Tomou-se como referência, em um primeiro nível de compreensão, o conhecimento da legislação relativa à formação desses professores no período a ser pesquisado, focalizando a presença da geometria como disciplina. A utilização das Revistas como fonte para a pesquisa levou a um segundo nível de compreensão, por meio do qual se materializam e se explicitam os motivos pelos quais a geometria integra a formação dos professores primários. As principais fontes utilizadas para a investigação foram legislação educacional do estado de Minas Gerais e a Revista do Ensino.
DA NECESSIDADE DE UMA DEMOCRACIA COGNITIVA NO PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Morais Joelson De Sousa , Nascimento Franc-Lane Sousa Carvalho do
Published: December 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura, trazendo algumas implicações acerca da formação de professores, focalizando os saberes que devem/podem ser priorizados no contexto formativo, que se consolidará em maior proporção na prática cotidiana profissional. Questiona o problema: como os saberes da formação inicial podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma prática pedagógica consciente, crítica, reflexiva e emancipatória na perspectiva da profissionalização docente? O objetivo é refletir acerca da formação inicial de professores quanto aos processos de compreensão/apropriação dos saberes necessários ao ensino. Considera que, na universidade, é preciso um repensar de suas práticas, partindo da atuação dos atores que a compõem, em articulação com outros contextos socioculturais necessários ao desenvolvimento de uma cultura humana e complexa, evitando qualquer forma de segregação e compartimentalização do saber.
NARRATIVAS DOS PIBIDIANOS DE HISTÓRIA: PROCESSOS DE EMPODERAMENTO NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR
Authors: Lunckes Mariseti Cristina Soares , Nakashima Rosária Helena Ruiz , De Sales Jéssica Alves
Published: December 2016

Esta pesquisa-ação investigou as relações da Educação Básica com o Ensino Superior, no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) de História, em uma universidade federal do norte do Brasil. Buscou compreender os significados do Pibid nos processos de empoderamento e de aprimoramento da formação do licenciando (bolsista), do professor e de seus alunos da escola-campo. Os resultados evidenciaram que um dos mecanismos para o empoderamento dos sujeitos foi a criação de espaços para que todos esses atores pudessem se expressar com autoridade de fala. Os saberes do professor da escola-campo e do bolsista foram articulados na atuação do Pibid, almejando a produção de novos capitais cultural e pedagógico, aprimorados pela prática de quem já tem experiência em lidar com os desafios do contexto escolar e pela teoria de quem está em processo de formação, com vistas à inserção na docência.
Condições higiênico-sanitárias de unidades produtoras de refeições comerciais localizadas no entorno da Universidade Federal de Sergipe
Authors: Oliveira Janaína Mendonça , Carvalho Michelle Garcêz de , Oliveira Carla Caroline de Jesus Santos , Pimentel Carla Larissa da Silva , Lima Rammyze Ferreira
Published: December 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as condições higiênico-sanitárias de unidades produtoras de refeições (UPRs) localizadas próximas à Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Para avaliação, uma lista de verificação (check-list) com 92 subitens foi utilizada como ferramenta, de acordo com a resolução RDC no 275 do Ministério da Saúde de 2002. O check-list foi aplicado a dezesseis UPRs. Os estabelecimentos foram classificados de acordo com o percentual de subitens atendidos: Grupo 1 (76 a 100% de adequações), Grupo 2 (51 a 75% de adequações) e Grupo 3 (0 a 50% de adequações). A maioria (62,5%) dos estabelecimentos foi enquadrado no Grupo 3, sendo considerados insatisfatórios para produção de alimentos seguros, podendo colocar em riscos a saúde dos consumidores. As inadequações mais frequentes foram encontradas nos itens: edificação e instalações, manipuladores e documentação. Dessa forma, as informações verificadas nas 16 UPRs com aplicação do check-list irão servir de base para melhorar as políticas públicas no que se referem ao consumo de alimentos seguros, além de orientar a vigilância sanitária municipal e consumidores quanto às condições higiênico-sanitárias das UPRs próximas a Universidade Federal de Sergipe.
Boas práticas e qualidade sanitária dos alimentos servidos em restaurantes do tipo self-service no Campus da Universidade Federal do Pará
Authors: Carvalho Lidinei do Socorro da Costa , Ribeiro Maria do Socorro Souza , Sousa Consuelo Lima , Nascimento Victor Hugo Alves do
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias de três restaurantes self-service do Campus da Universidade Federal do Pará. Para a avaliação das Boas Práticas, utilizou-se a Ficha de Verificação baseado na Resolução RDC no 216 da ANVISA. A temperatura dos alimentos foi medida com auxílio de um termômetro Infravermelho a laser e paralelamente foram coletadas 45 amostras de alimentos prontos para o consumo, sendo 15 amostras por restaurante, nas quais foram realizadas análises de coliformes a 45°C, Salmonella spp, estafilococos coagulase positiva e clostrídios sulfito redutores a 46°C, obedecendo a metodologia descrita no Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods. Os restaurantes A e B obtiveram em média 61,4% e 62,3% de conformidade, respectivamente, qualificando-se como Regular. O restaurante C com média de 89,3% de conformidades foi classificado como Bom. A maioria das amostras (91%) apresentou temperatura inadequada. Não foi detectada contaminação por Salmonella spp., estafilococos coagulase positiva e clostrídios sulfito redutores a 46°C. Para a pesquisa de coliformes, 57,8% das amostras apresentaram contaminação acima do limite preconizado pela legislação vigente. Conclui-se que há necessidade de adequação dos restaurantes às exigências da legislação.
A Soberania Alimentar e o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar no município de Piracicaba (SP) – concepções e redefinições
Authors: Bosquilia Samira Gaiad Cibim de Camargo , Pipitone Maria Angélica Penatti
Published: December 2016

O conceito de segurança alimentar surgiu após a II Guerra Mundial trazendo à tona a formulação de critérios ditos como essenciais para uma alimentação digna e correta para todos. Tal conceito serviu de base para discussões e propostas de movimentos sociais que resultaram na formulação do conceito de Soberania Alimentar, na década de 1990. A Soberania Alimentar apregoa que todos os indivíduos, comunidades, povos e países possuem o direito de definir suas próprias políticas da agricultura, do trabalho, do alimento e da terra. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar o conceito de Soberania Alimentar e suas implicações no âmbito da gestão do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) no município de Piracicaba (estado de São Paulo). Para isso, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Entre os resultados, foi possível verificar que o conceito de Soberania Alimentar é pouco explorado no desenvolvimento do PNAE, ainda que seja encontrado nas falas dos gestores e nos documentos do programa. O maior desafio do PNAE, de acordo com a pesquisa, resulta na dificuldade de coordenação dos muitos atores envolvidos na gestão do PNAE em torno da adoção dos princípios e práticas da Soberania Alimentar.
Alimentação saudável: prevenindo a síndrome metabólica
Authors: Pinto-e-Silva Maria Elisabeth Machado , Perino Paola , Guedes Bianca , Rios Thamires Leonardi Merino , Nagaishi Vanessa Sayuri , Trigo Marlene
Published: December 2016

A síndrome metabólica é um grupo de disfunções orgânicas que implica alterações nos níveis de glicemia, triglicérides, HDL-C e pressão arterial, levando ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes tipo 2 e obesidade. A alimentação saudável e as atividades físicas regulares ajudam a prevenir a síndrome metabólica. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever uma ação educativa sobre a prevenção da síndrome metabólica por meio de recursos educacionais que estimulem o processo de conscientização dos indivíduos sobre a relevância de adotar um estilo de vida saudável. Com a participação de nutricionistas, esta ação educativa se concentrou em 57 funcionários não docentes de nível básico da universidade pública do município de São Paulo, entre dezembro de 2013 e março de 2014. Os tópicos abordados nos folhetos informativos foram "café da manhã", "como escolher o que comer", “o poder das frutas e legumes" e "proteger o seu coração". A avaliação, por meio de um questionário, mostrou que os folhetos contribuíram para a apreensão de informações, principalmente sobre a seleção de alimentos em refeições e a importância de tomar café da manhã.
Improving Sugarcane Bagasse as Animal Feed by Ammoniation and Followed by Fermentation with Trichoderma harzianum (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Samadi Samadi , Wajizah Siti , Usman Yunasri , Riayatsyah Denny , Firdausyi Zidny Al
Published: December 2016

Sugarcane bagasse is one of agro-industrial residues containing low nutrient content and difficult to be digested by animals.  However, it can be recycled to produce value-added product such as protein-enriched animal feed by application feed technology such as ammoniation and fermentation. The purposes of these experiments were to evaluate the quality and in vitro digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by using two steps feed technology process: ammoniation and continued by fermentation process. Two studies were conducted in these experiments.  The first study was to determine the quality of amoniated sugarcane bagasse after incubation at room temperature at different days (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days) and the second study was to determine in vitro degestibility of  ammoniated sugarcane bagasse fermented by using the various levels of sago flour (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% from sample total) and kept at room temperature for 21 day in an-aerobic condition. Parameters measured in this study were DM, CP, CF, pH, OM, IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility), IVOMD (in vitro organic matter digestibility). The model used for the statistical analysis was completely randomized design (CRD). The results of the first study indicated that length of incubation was not significantly affect (P>0.05) on crude fiber content but had significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein content but only for control treatment. For the second study concluded that administration of the various levels of sago flour into ammoniated sugarcane bagasse fermented with T.harzianum significantly influenced (P<0.05) on OM, IVDMD and IVOMD but had not significantly effect on pH value. The results of the study indicated that application 10% of soluble carbohydrate from sago flour was recommended for fermentation process based on the results of in vitro and fermented feed quality studies.
Production Systems And Income Generation From The Smallholder Beef Cattle Farming In Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
Authors: Widiati Rini , Widi Tri Satya Mastuti
Published: December 2016

This study was aimed to determine the production systems of beef cattle which can generate the income of smallholder farmers. The study was conducted in Bantul and Sleman Regencies, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. In total of 210 beef cattle farmers were involved in semi structural interview. Data was collected in the dry season (July to September) of 2015.  Descriptive analysis was carried out for the demographic, social, economic characteristic of respondents and beef cattle farm practices. Enterprise budgeting of beef cattle farms was made to analyse farm profit, return to management and family labour that could be used in further planning for better business management. Beef cattle farming founded as an alternative that can be developed in rural communities. In order to generate the incomes in both systems, breeding and fattening, production system in term of feeding practices has to be improved so that the cost can be reduced. Scientific processing of manure has to be done for value addition in the farming system. Calving interval has to be improved in breeding system, that the best condition is 12 months and the existing condition on the respondents was 16 months. For fattening, optimizing the duration for fattening period less than 3.6 months is the best improvement. Government policy is needed to improve beef farm economic condition especially in breeding farm.
Particle Size's Effect of Application Forage Processing Technology on Consumption Efficiency, Palatability and Digestibility of Local Goat
Authors: Iswarin Retno , Fani Furiska , Pambudi Andre Wira
Published: December 2016

Livestock's digestible feed ability is affected by the physical and chemical quality of the feed given. Study feed processing application on a local goat feed particle size needs to be done for efficiency of feeding patterns. This study aimed to evaluate the best forage particle size on efficiency consumption, palatability and digestibility of the local goat. The experimental method was done with randomized completely block design with 3x2x3 factorial. Goats are grouped by weight, the first factor is the form of feed (fresh, dried) with particle feed size of 3 - 5 - > 7 cm as the second factor. The results showed that particle size of > 7 cm gives the optimal feed consumption and palatability. Dry and organic materials digestibility provided the best on the particle size of 3 cm. Forms of dry feed has a positive correlation with consumption, palatability and digestibility of feed. Conclusion of the study recommended dried forage given to the local goats with a particle size of 3 cm is able to provide efficiency in consumption and palatability of the feed with the most excellent digestibility.
Physicochemical and Stability of Goat Cheese with Mono and Mixed Culture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Setiawardani Triana , Rahayu Winiati Pudji , Palupi Nurheni Sri
Published: December 2016

The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of the use of mono probiotic culture and mixed cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum  and Lactobacillus rhamnosus  on the physicochemical properties and its viability during storage. The soft cheeses were made through three treatments: (1) the use of Lactobacilllus rhamnosus culture, (2) the use of Lactobacillus plantarum  culture and (3) the use of mixed cultures (Lactobacillus rhamnosus  and Lactobacillus plantarum). The variables measured were the cheese texture (firmness and stickiness), proximate, pH of the product, and the number of LAB. The results showed that cheese firmness ranged from 10.78 to 47.75 gf, cheese stickiness was -8.23 to -11.53 gs, cheese pH was 4.70 - 5.60; number of cheese LAB was 8:59 - 9.69 log cfu/g. The content of protein, fat, and ash were 13.65-16.54%, 15:28-20:03%, and 2.7-3.39%, respectively. The conclusion of this study was that the soft cheeses with mixed cultures of L.rhamnosus  and L.plantarum are potentially good to be developed as a probiotic food.
The effects of Papain Crude Extract Addition in Diets on Broilers Production Performances
Authors: Rumokoy Laurentius , Pudjihastuti Endang , Untu Ivonne Maria , Toar Wisje Lusia
Published: December 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of papain crude extract addition in mash and pellet feed forms on production performance of broiler chickens in order to obtain the best level of extract papain in mash or pellet form. This natural protease enzyme was extracted from unripe papaya. A complete random design was applied in this study and it was arranged with factorial 4 * 2 and three replications. The treatments were 4 levels of papain (0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 %) and two physical forms of feed (mash and pellet). Broilers production parameters measured were: feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass percentage. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction was highly significant (P <0.01) for feed intake, body weight, carcass percentage respectively while feed conversion showed significant interaction (P <0.05). The significant differences in the feed consumption described the role of papain enzyme through treatment of CEP and the physical form of feed. The results indicate that the all treatment of papain crude extract level  both in mash and pellet feed form were able to improve feed intake, body weight, FCR and carcass percentage of broiler chickens, whereas the best performance was obtained in the treatment of 0.05% papain crude extract in mash form of diets.
The Improvement of Rumen Fermentation Products Through In-Vitro Supplementation of Mg and Co Minerals
Authors: Suhartati FM , Suryapratama Wardhana
Published: December 2016

A study has been conducted to examine the effect of Mg and Co supplementation on rumen fermentation products. The study was conducted in an in vitro experiment, applying completely randomized design, 3x3 factorial. The first factor was three levels of Mg (0; 7.5 and 15.0 mM), and three levels of Co (0; 0.03 and 0.06 mM) as the second factor, total 9 treatments each repeated three times, comprising 27 experimental units all together. In vitro incubation lasted for 4 hours. Variables measured were the concentrations of VFA, N-NH3 and protein synthesis of microbial rumen. Data were subject to analysis of variance and orthogonal polynomials test. The results showed an interaction effect between Mg and Co on the concentration of VFA, N-NH3 and protein synthesis of microbial rumen. The increasing supplementation of Mg at 0.06 mM Co increased VFA concentration; the highest concentration of N-NH3 was achieved by rumen fluid supplemented with 15.0 mM of Mg and 0.03 mM of Co. The highest protein synthesis of microbial rumen was achieved by the rumen fluid supplemented with 8.18 mM of Mg with no supplementation of Co.
A Zeroth Law Compatible Model to Kerr Black Hole Thermodynamics
Authors: Czinner Viktor G. , Iguchi Hideo
Published: December 2016

We consider the thermodynamic and stability problem of Kerr black holes arising from the nonextensive/nonadditive nature of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula. Nonadditive thermodynamics is often criticized by asserting that the zeroth law cannot be compatible with nonadditive composition rules, so in this work we follow the so-called formal logarithm method to derive an additive entropy function for Kerr black holes satisfying also the zeroth law's requirement. Starting from the most general, equilibrium compatible, nonadditive entropy composition rule of Abe, we consider the simplest, non-parametric approach that is generated by the explicit nonadditive form of the Bekenstein-Hawking formula. This analysis extends our previous results on the Schwarzschild case and shows that the zeroth law compatible temperature function in the model is independent of the mass-energy parameter of the black hole. By applying the Poincaré turning point method we also study the thermodynamic stability problem in the system.
Adenovirus with DNA Packaging Gene Mutations Increased Virus Release
Authors: Wechman Stephen L. , Rao Xiao-Mei , McMasters Kelly M. , Zhou Heshan Sam
Published: December 2016

Adenoviruses (Ads) have been extensively manipulated for the development of cancer selective replication, leading to cancer cell death or oncolysis. Clinical studies using E1-modified oncolytic Ads have shown that this therapeutic platform was safe, but with limited efficacy, indicating the necessity of targeting other viral genes for manipulation. To improve the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic Ads, we treated the entire Ad genome repeatedly with UV-light and have isolated AdUV which efficiently lyses cancer cells as reported previously [1]. In this report, we show that no mutations were observed in the early genes (E1 or E4) of AdUV while several mutations were observed within the Ad late genes which have structural or viral DNA packaging functions. This study also reported the increased release of AdUV from cancer cells. In this study, we found that AdUV inhibits tumor growth following intratumoral injection. These results indicate the potentially significant role of the viral late genes, in particular the DNA packaging genes, to enhance Ad oncolysis.
Experimental Study of Montmorillonite Structure and Transformation of its Properties under the Treatment of Inorganic Acid Solutions
Authors: Krupskaya Victoria V. , Zakusin Sergey V. , Tyupina Ekaterina A. , Dorzhieva Olga V. , Zhukhlistov Anatoliy P. , Timofeeva Maria N. , Belousov Petr E.
Published: December 2016

The paper discusses the mechanism of montmorillonite structure alteration and bentonites properties modification (on the example of samples from clay deposit Taganka, Kazakhstan) due to the thermochemical treatment (treatment with inorganic acid solutions at different temperatures, concentrations and reaction times). With the use of the suit of methods certain processes were distinguished: transformation of montmorillonite structure, which appears in the leaching of interlayer and octahedral cations, protonation of the interlayer and OH groups at octahedral sheets. Changes in the structure of the 2:1 layer of montmorillonite and its interlayer result in significant changes in the properties – reduction of cation exchange capacity and an increase of specific surface area. The results of the work showed that bentonite clays retain a significant portion of its adsorption properties even after the long term and intense thermochemical treatment (6M HNO3, 60°C, 108 hours)
Improved Key Distribution and Management in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Choudhary Vishal , Taruna Sunil
Published: December 2016

Key set up and distribution in sensor network is a complex task due to inherent limitations in sensor networks. For reducing the “communication and computation overhead” we proposed that the sensor network is partitioned into different zones. Each zone has a separate intrusion detection system (IDS) and key distribution center (KDC).IDS can detect the activity in its area and communicate with its KDC. KDC is controlled by the base station. Our main concern is that how to make a secure link in between KDC to sensor nodes and KDC to the Base station. Here we will try to reduce the computation and communication overhead of the already overloaded base station by separating the intrusion detection work of the base station with a separate entity in each zone.
The environmental and economic implications of the climate change and extractive industry nexus in Africa
Authors: Oluborode Jegede Ademola
Published: December 2016

Climate change and extractive industry are two important global streams that are linked to each other in that risks associated with the former can adversely affect different areas of the extractive sector, while the activities of the latter can contribute to climate change. Yet, this nexus is hardly clearly articulated in the context of implications for the environment and economic considerations in Africa. Assessing key literature on the two themes, the paper argues that the link of extractive industry with climate change can have both negative and positive implications for environmental protection and the economy in Africa. The nexus of climate change and the extractive sector can be negative in that unsustainable extractive processes in terms of their outcome of deforestation and energy use are an important source of carbon emission contributing to global warming. The nexus can be positive in that it involves initiatives that can contribute to sustainable extractive sector and thereby reduce carbon emissions underlying climate change.
Keywords: Africa, climate change, extractive sector, environmental protection, economic implications. JEL Classification: Q51, Q58, N5
Occurrence of rabies in Poland in 2011-2015 in relation to the free-living fox population
Authors: Flis Marian , Grela Eugeniusz R. , Gugała Dariusz
Published: December 2016

The aim of study was to evaluate the epizootic situation of rabies in Poland in 2011-2015 in relation to the free-living population of foxes, which are the main vectors of the rabies virus. The number of rabies cases increased in the first two years of this period, but subsequently diminished. The primary reservoir of the virus are still free-living foxes and, among domestic animals, dogs and cats. In terms of the frequency of virus occurrence in Poland, a shift has been noted in recent years from Podkarpackie Voivodeship to Lesser Poland Voivodeship. In 2015, over 80% of all rabies cases were diagnosed in Lesser Poland, and in domestic animals the virus was diagnosed solely in this voivodeship. During the study period, the population of free-living foxes was stable, but there was a slight increase in the number of foxes hunted. Nevertheless, the hunting index for the fox population, which does not exceed 72%, suggests that hunting is currently not the only mortality factor among foxes. The analysis of the size and density of the fox population in particular voivodeships revealed that density is not the main determinant of the occurrence and spread of the virus. The results of the study confirm that the immunization of free-living foxes, although costly, is still necessary to improve the situation, especially in regions with a high prevalence of the virus.
Response of porcine oocytes exposed to testosterone and substance P in vitro
Authors: Winiarczyk Dawid , Bobowiec Ryszard , Kosior-Korzecka Urszula , Witkowska Katarzyna , Radwańska Paulina
Published: December 2016

The overproduction of androgens during the course of foliculogenesis may lead to disturbances in ovulation – the main reason for the establishment of the pathological state known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Furthermore, recently attention has been drawn to the involvement of tachykinins such as substance P (SP) in this process. Apart from this, both in animals and women, the above factors may impair oocyte development. Taking into account the aforementioned data we sought to find and compare the response of isolated porcine oocytes to different doses of testosterone (T) and SP with the goal of clarifying their effect on oocyte growth and meiosis progress. In our experimental approach porcine oocytes were exposed to these factors for 4h, 20h or 44h of culture. The obtained results reveal that both T and SP inhibit growth of porcine oocytes, cumulus cell expansion and meiotic resumption in vitro. Our data show that the inhibitory effect of SP on porcine oocytes is far weaker than the impact of T.
Increasing importance of genomics in recognition of infectious animal diseases taking into account OIE requirements
Authors: Grzegorz. Woźniakowski , Marian Truszczyński , Zygmunt Pejsak
Published: December 2016

Currently, the diagnosis methods applied in bacteriology and virology are frequently focused at modern molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) or confirmatory methods for already identified infectious agents of animals such as high throughput sequencing- HTS, or next-generation sequencing (NGS). A number of these methods are officially recommended by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) for the routine diagnosis of major animal diseases with the greatest economical impact. The aim of this paper is to provide to a reader an overview on recent genomic methods used in diagnosis of infectious animal diseases along with their advantages and limitations. These methods facilitate efficient and reliable identification of animal pathogens and allow to characterize and sometimes to identify a newly recognized species of bacteria and viruses.
Serum Procalcitonin and Proinflammatory markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Göde Funda , Yücesoy Fulya , Sağlam Aylin , Akarsu Süleyman , Örem Asım , Sharafkhanov Khayal
Published: December 2016

Objective: We evaluated levels of procalcitonin and proinflammatory markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compared them with controls in the Black Sea region of Turkey.Study Design: This prospective controlled study involved patients with PCOS (n=59) and healthy age-matched controls (n=26; total, n=85). Serum procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cells (WBCs), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (h-CRP), homocysteine (Hcy) levels, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles were compared between the PCOS and control groups. The same parameters were also compared between overweight and normal-weight PCOS patients. Results: Serum PCT, Hcy, h-CRP, and WBC levels were similar in the PCOS and control groups. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower in the PCOS group than in the control group (p <0.05). In a subgroup analysis of the PCOS group, there were no significant differences between overweight and normal-weight PCOS patients with regard to proinflammatory markers (serum WBC, h-CRP, Hcy, PCT levels). However, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in overweight PCOS patients (p <0.005). Serum HDL levels were significantly lower in the overweight PCOS group than in the normal-weight group (p <0.005). Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher in overweight PCOS than normal-weight PCOS patients (p<0.05).Conclusions: Serum PCT, h-CRP, WBC, and Hcy levels were within normal ranges in PCOS patients. These results may be related to the relatively young age and regional differences in the study group.
IMPLIKASI PENAFSIRAN UNDANG-UNDANG OLEH HAKIM PRAPERADILAN DALAM PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Amdani Yusi
Published: December 2016

The judge in deciding a case can perform all the legal interpretation is not explicitly defined in the legislation. On the basis of any decision that has been set by the judge, then the decision must be accountable. But in Decision No:04/Pid.Prap/2015/PN.Jkt.Sel, Budi Gunawan pretrial matters related to the Commission, the judge has made a legal interpretation considered contrary to the Criminal Code itself. Judge did interpretation of the Code of Criminal Procedure, on the status of Budi Gunawan as a suspect corruption.

The decision has weak the authority of the Commission and the bad in the criminal justice system.

Hakim dalam memutuskan suatu perkara dapat melakukan penafsiran hukum sepanjang belum ditentukan secara tegas dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Atas dasar setiap putusan yang telah ditetapkan oleh hakim, maka putusan tersebut harus dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Namun dalam Putusan No: 04/Pid.Prap/2015/PN.Jkt.Sel, terkait perkara praperadilan Budi Gunawan terhadap KPK, hakim telah melakukan penafsiran hukum yang dinilai bertentangan dengan KUHAP sendiri. Hakim melakukan penafsiran terhadap KUHAP, atas status Budi Gunawan sebagai tersangka korupsi. Putusan tersebut telah melemahkan kewenangan KPK dan berakibat buruk dalam sistem peradilan pidana.
MODEL PEMBINAAN NARAPIDANA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT (COMMUNITY BASED CORRECTIONS) DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA
Authors: Hamja H
Published: December 2016

Community Based Correction is a type of coaching program for inmates as they live the rest of the sentence. They have been given the chance to return to society with a particular control or supervision. To implement the necessary operational program open prison five (5) basic principles, among others: the first principle prisoners should have the opportunity to obtain employment, the principle of the two prisoners must be selected first, third principle inmates should not be exploited, the fourth principle of security system should be a minimum, and The fifth principle of the transfer of responsibility for prisoners.

Community Based Correction adalah jenis program pembinaan bagi narapidana sewaktu mereka menjalani sisa pidananya. Mereka diberi kesempatan untuk kembali ke tengah-tengah masyarakat dengan pengawasan atau supervisi tertentu. Untuk melaksanakan program operasional lapas terbuka diperlukan 5 (lima) prinsip dasar, antara lain: prinsip pertama narapidana harus memiliki kesempatan untuk memperoleh pekerjaan, prinsip kedua narapidana harus diseleksi terlebih dahulu, prinsip ketiga narapidana tidak boleh dieksploitasi, prinsip keempat sistem pengamanan harus minimum, dan prinsip kelima tanggung jawab pemindahan narapidana.
THE FUNCTION AND PURPOSE OF AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL AIR LAW
Authors: Latipulhayat Atip
Published: December 2016

The main objective of an aircraft accident investigation is to find out the most probable causes of such accident. This represents a technical investigation in nature. At the practical level, however, this report is often used as legal evidence before the court. This paper argues that the main purpose of an aircraft acccident investigation is technical in nature and judicial investigation is carried out when the technical investigation found elements of crime that has been alleged as the most probable cause of the accident. Menurut Konvensi Chicago 1944, tujuan utama suatu investigasi kecelakaan pesawat udara adalah untuk menemukan penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan tersebut. Jadi, investigasi ini bersifat teknis. Namun, laporan investigasi ini seringkali dijadikan alat bukti di pengadilan khususnya apabila faktor kesalahan manusia dianggap sebagai penyebab utama terjadinya kecelakaan tersebut. Investigasi teknis berubah menjadi investigasi yuridis. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa hakikat investigasi kecelakaan pesawat udara adalah bersifat teknis dan investigasi yuridis hanya akan dilakukan apabila laporan investigasi teknis menunjukkan adanya elemen kriminal.
ANALISIS YURIDIS MULTI AKAD DALAM PEMBIAYAAN PENGALIHAN HUTANG PADA PT BANK BRISYARIAH
Authors: Nugraheni Destri Budi
Published: December 2016

PT Bank BRISyariah Bank uses two types of multiple akad in take over financing which are 3 (three) independent akad: akad qardh, purchase agreement, and akad murabahah, and the other one is akad hawalah wal murabahah which are also a multiple akad, a combination between akad hawalah and akad murabahah. Akad qardh used as a basis for granting loans to customers to repay the loan at a conventional bank, and then customer and purchase agreement to sell its assets which are no longer bound as collateral, to the bank. Customer then sell the assets through murabaha financing agreement.  PT Bank BRISyariah menggunakan dua jenis multi akad dalam transaksi pengalihan hutang yaitu tiga akad yang berdiri sendiri yaitu akad qardh, perjanjian jual beli, dan akad pembiayaan murabahah, serta akad hawalah wal murabahah yang juga merupakan multi akad, perpaduan akad hawalah dan akad murabahah. Akad qardh digunakan sebagai dasar pemberian pinjaman kepada nasabah untuk melunasi kreditnya di bank konvensional, selanjutnya nasabah dengan perjanjian jual beli menjual asetnya yang sudah tidak lagi terikat sebagai jaminan hutang, kepada bank syariah. Hasil penjualan digunakan nasabah untuk melunasi qardh-nya kemudian menjual aset melalui akad pembiayaan murabahah, sehingga Bank berhak mendapatkan margin keuntungan.
URGENSITAS PERLINDUNGAN SAKSI DAN KORBAN DALAM MENGUNGKAP KASUS KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Fatoni Syamsul
Published: December 2016

Legal maintenance concerning violence case within household as stated by Act Number 23, 2004 about Violence erasing within household, still poor. That case related with problem within Substance of Act Number 13, 2006 about both Witness and Victim Protection, which less accommodate legal need for both witness and victim (including reporting person) therefore both witness and victim were less braveness to reveal criminal case occurred. Besides that, include problem within structure (especially presence protection institution for both witness and victim and legal actor) and society legal culture who tend to solve by kinship way. Struktur (aparat penegak hukum termasuk LPSK), substansi UU dan budaya hukum masyarakat yang cenderung menyelesaikan kasus KDRT secara kekeluargaan, berpengaruh dalam mengungkap terjadinya tindak pidana. Eksistensi UU Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban serta Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemberian Kompensasi, Restitusi, dan Bantuan Kepada Saksi dan Korban telah menunjukkan kemajuan negara dalam memberikan perlindungan pada saksi dan korban. Politik hukum di masa mendatang berupa regulasi peraturan harus mengakomodir kebutuhan hukum untuk memenuhi rasa keadilan bagi masyarakat, khususnya saksi dan korban (termasuk pelapor), dimana peran LPSK harus proaktif, professional serta proporsional.
REVIEW ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LEGISLATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Purawan Akhmad Adi
Published: December 2016

Indonesian quality of legislation is far from perfect which indicated by the high number of judicial review. Using juridical normativemethods, this study examines the causesof poor quality of legislation and the adequacy of theLaw on the Establishment of Legislation to produce high quality legislation. The study found that, first, the poor quality of the legislation occurred due to the lack of elements of transparency and accountability in the formation of legislation. Second, the Lawon the Establishment of Legislationisincompetence for the creation of good quality legislationdue to unstructured of public participationmechanism andinscrutable process of decision-making. Kualitas peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia masih jauh dari sempurna yang diindikasikan dengan tingginya angka pengujian undang-undang. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, studi ini mencari penyebab rendahnya kualitas peraturan perundang-undangan dan kemampuan Undang-Undang tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan untuk menghasilkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkualitas. Studi ini menemukan bahwa, pertama, rendahnya kualitas peraturan perundang-undangan disebabkan belum dipenuhinya unsur transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan. Kedua, Undang-Undang tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan masih belum mampu menghasilkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkualitas karena tidak terstrukturnya pengaturan mengenai partisipasi publik dan tidak dapat ditelusurinya proses pengambilan keputusan.
KAJIAN SOCIO LEGALTANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL LINGKUNGAN HIDUP PERUSAHAAN BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Febrian Mr , Nugraha Adrian
Published: December 2016

This research is a sosio-legal studies that uses primary and secondary data. This research was conducted to  find  out  the  strengths  and  weaknesses  of  the  implementation  of  Corporate  Environmental  &  Social Responsibility based on public perception. This is done to determining the direction of the policy of social responsibility in the future. The long-term goals to be achieved in this program in accordance with the needs of the community, in order to create a harmonious relationship between corporate and community. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian socio-legal yang menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kelebihan dan kelemahan pelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan hidup yang dilakukan perusahaan berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk menentukan arah kebijakan tanggung jawab sosial ini di kemudian hari. Tujuan jangka panjang yang ingin dicapai adalah program ini sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat, agar tercipta hubungan kemasyarakatan yang harmonis antara perusahaan dan masyarakat.
PENGATURAN SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN DI ZONA EKONOMI EKSKLUSIF (ZEE) INDONESIA
Authors: Kurnia Ida
Published: December 2016

Indonesia is an archipelago that has extensive Exclusive Economic Zone of 2,7 million km2and has a very strategic geographical position which is between two oceans make Indonesia rich in fish resources. It is ironic that most of the fishermen living under the poverty line. With this condition, we need to reform the system of fisheries policies contained in the Indonesian EEZ. Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang mempunyai luas ZEE 2,7 juta km2 dan  posisi  geografis negara Indonesia yang sangat strategis yang diapit oleh dua samudera menjadikan Indonesia kaya akan sumber daya ikannya. Ironisnya justru tingkat kehidupan nelayannya sebagian besar berada di bawah garis kemiskinan. Kondisi ini diperlukan upaya pembenahan dalam sistem kebijakan perikanan yang terdapat di ZEE Indonesia.
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF JUSTICE THEORY BY JOHN RAWLS
Authors: Hernawan Ari
Published: December 2016

Conflict of interest between employee and employer has a complexity since its biopsychology and sosioeconomic in nature. As its implication, it is difficult to create a consensus between two different interest within a legal perspective. Justice theory by John Rawls has answered the respective problem by giving legal priority upon the group of people who have less capacity in sosial and economic. According to John Rawls, law shall give orientation toward marginalized group. In industrial relations, law shall take side upon the employee who are in subordinate position. Pertentangan kepentingan antara pekerja dan pengusaha memiliki kompleksitas karena bersifat biopsikologis dan sosio-ekonomi. Sebagai implikasinya, sulit mempertemukan dua kepentingan yang berbeda tersebut dalam satu rumusan hukum. Teori keadilan dari John Rawls telah menjawab persoalan tersebut dengan memberi prioritas hukum kepada orang-orang yang secara sosial ekonomi kurang beruntung. Hukum menurut John Rawls harus berorientasi kepada kelompok marjinal. Dalam hubungan industrial, hukum harus berpihak kepada pekerja yang berada dalam posisi subordinat.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PEMEGANG SAHAM PERSEROAN TERBATAS MENURUT HUKUM POSITIF
Authors: Kurniawan Mr
Published: December 2016

Limited Liability Companies have completeness instrument called organ corporation which consists of General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS), the board of directors, and the board of commissioners. According to Commercial Law (KUHD), Act No. 1 of 1995 jo. Act No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies, the principle liability of General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) is limited on their share. But, if it is proven that, among others, there has been a mixing of the shareholder’s personal assets and the Company’s assets, so the limited liability turns into unlimited liability or personal liability. Perseroan Terbatas (PT) memiliki alat kelengkapan yang disebut organ perseroan terdiri dari Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS), Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris. Menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang (KUHD), UU PT No. 1 Tahun 1995 jo. UU PT No. 40 Tahun 2007, tanggung jawab Pemegang Saham (RUPS) pada prinsipnya adalah bersifat terbatas pada saham yang dimiliki. Akan tetapi, apabila dapat dibuktikan bahwa telah terjadi pembauran harta kekayaan pribadi Pemegang Saham dengan harta kekayaan perseroan, maka tanggung jawab terbatas tersebut akan berubah menjadi tanggung jawab tidak terbatas atau tanggung jawab pribadi.