bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Use of Gum Acacia as a Biopolymeric Additive in Ultra‐High Performance Concrete
Authors: N. Suthan Kumar , J. Sahaya Ruben , M. Ibsa Neme
Published: October 2024

The main objective of this research is to analyze whether biopolymer (gum acacia) can be used as an admixture for ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) and to elucidate the strength, durability, microstructure, and transport properties of biopolymer (gum acacia) incorporated UHPC mixes in combination with the shrinkage reducing agent (SRA). The mechanical, thermal, and durability aspects of UHPC were studied at different ages and curing conditions by adding gum acacia in combination with the SRA. After 28 days under hybrid curing, the compressive strength increased by 22.19% and the flexural strength increased by 41.59% for 1% biopolymer addition. The highest strength and durability were obtained using the hybrid curing procedure using superplasticizer and gum acacia biopolymer at a water‐binder ratio of 0.35. With an improved microstructure, the results revealed improved hydration and durability as revealed through the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images. The SEM photographs of the concrete showed more polymorphic patterns and crystals overall relative to the UHPC with SRA, while exhibiting little to no microfractures. Through adjustment of the biopolymer proportion and adoption of a suitable curing method, this research presents a new strategy for addressing the negative impact produced by the usage of SRA in UHPC.
Association of Serum Levels of Terpenes With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Adults
Authors: Zhou Jianmei , Zhou Rongfang , Lv Xiaoling , Zhang Jing , Qiao Wei , Mao Genxiang , Wu Qing
Published: October 2024

Aim: Environmental exposure constitutes a significant determinant in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Nevertheless, the contribution of environmental factors to MetS remains ambiguous. The present study was aimed at investigating the correlation between serum terpenes and the risk of MetS in the general population.

Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 1266 individuals from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Serum terpenes and MetS risk were analyzed using a weighted logistic regression model. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was utilized to explore the relationship between the mixture of serum terpenes and MetS. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) method was employed to assess the dose–response relationship between them. All data and analyses were conducted using the “Survey” package in R software (Version 4.3.2).

Results: The study population, with an average age of 46.82 ± 0.46 years and a body mass index (BMI) of 28.97 kg/m2, consisted of 48.15% males and 67.99% Whites. Among the participants, 35.78% were diagnosed with MetS. The weighted logistic regression showed that tertiles of serum levels of α‐pinene, β‐pinene, and limonene were positively correlated with MetS risk with a OR value of 1.90 (1.14, 3.16), 2.02 (1.23, 3.31), and 2.35 (1.33, 4.13) and elevated triglycerides (TGs) with a OR of 2.36 (1.63, 3.43), 3.51 (2.30, 5.38), and 3.96 (2.55, 6.15) (all ptrend < 0.05). The WQS regression indicated a positive association between serum terpene mixture and MetS risk (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.18–2.3), increased TG (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.94–3.71), and reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03–2.07) (all ptrend < 0.01). The RCS analysis further supported the dose–response relationship.

Conclusion: This study suggested potential adverse effects of terpene exposure on human health, emphasizing the importance of environmental interventions in maintaining health.
Analysis of Convective and Stratiform Precipitation Characteristics in Xinjiang, China Based on GPM Dual‐Frequency Precipitation Radar
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Yang Lianmei , Tong Zepeng , Li Haoyang
Published: October 2024

The spatial distribution of precipitation in Xinjiang, China, is extremely heterogeneous due to its complex subsurface, and microphysical studies of cloud precipitation over Xinjiang are severely constrained by observational means. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) dual‐frequency precipitation radar (DPR) provides improved three‐dimensional observation data of strong and weak precipitation and performs effective observations in alpine mountain regions. Therefore, this study used GPM/DPR Level‐3 data from January 2015 to December 2022 to analyze the convective and stratiform precipitation characteristics over Xinjiang. The results showed that (1) the range of maximum precipitation reflectivity factors (PRF_max) near the ground and at different heights were larger in summer and maximum PRF_max values appeared in areas along the Altai, Tianshan, and Kunlun Mountains and plains on the respective mountain slopes. In summer, the PRF_max of stratiform (convective) precipitation nearsurface ranged from 24 to 34 dBZ (28–40 dBZ). (2) The two types of precipitation exhibited the highest storm top heights in summer, with convective precipitation having higher values than stratiform precipitation and mountainous areas having higher values than the surrounding basins due to the effects of topographic uplift. (3) The value domains of the PRF, particle mass‐weighted diameter (Dm), and particle number concentration for stratiform (convective) precipitation were more concentrated (wider), that is, PRF: 14–30 dBZ (12–40 dBZ), Dm: 0.9–1.4 mm (0.7–2.1 mm), and the particle concentration: 29–35 (24–39). The height of the center of the probability density of each variable was higher in the three major mountain ranges than in the two major basins owing to the influence of topography. PRF increased and then decreased with height. Convective raindrops were in an active state of high concentration and exhibited a large scale in the lower layers, whereas the particle spectral parameters of stratiform precipitation showed a more concentrated and symmetric distribution and insignificant changes with height.
The Effect of Calcium Carbonate, Rice, and Wheat Straw on the Biodegradability of Polyethylene/Starch Films
Authors: Yeligbayeva Gulzhakhan , Al Azzam Khaldun M. , Irmukhametova Galiya , Bekbayeva Lyazzat , Kairatuly Orazalin Zhandos , Iskalieva Asylzat , Negim El-Sayed , Nadia Bounoua
Published: October 2024

A polyethylene (PE)/starch copolymer was prepared by a grafting technique in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst and xylene as a solvent. The ratio of PE grafted onto starch was in ratio 1:5, respectively. The obtained grafted copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The obtained grafted copolymer was mixed with rice and wheat straw as well as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a filler to form biodegradable films. Various analyses such as viscosity, tensile strength, elongation at break, water contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and solubility tests have been used to study the properties of biodegradable films in water and soil. CaCO3 and rice and wheat straws improved the biodegradability of the grafted copolymer. The presence of CaCO3 in the presence of rice and wheat straws increased the viscosity, tensile strength, thermal stability, and weight loss of the film in the soil. While elongation at break, the water contact angle and solubility in water decreased. According to the study, samples that were between 380°C and 400°C showed the highest polymer breakdown values and adding CaCO3 resulted in the lowest water contact angle.
Double‐Scale Expansions for a Logarithmic Type Solution to a q‐Analog of a Singular Initial Value Problem
Authors: Malek Stéphane
Published: October 2024

We examine a linear q−difference differential equation, which is singular in complex time t at the origin. Its coefficients are polynomial in time and bounded holomorphic on horizontal strips in one complex space variable. The equation under study represents a q−analog of a singular partial differential equation, recently investigated by the author, which comprises Fuchsian operators and entails a forcing term that combines polynomial and logarithmic type functions in time. A sectorial holomorphic solution to the equation is constructed as a double complete Laplace transform in both time t and its complex logarithm logt and Fourier inverse integral in space. For a particular choice of the forcing term, this solution turns out to solve some specific nonlinear q−difference differential equation with polynomial coefficients in some positive rational power of t. Asymptotic expansions of the solution relatively to time t are investigated. A Gevrey‐type expansion is exhibited in a logarithmic scale. Furthermore, a formal asymptotic expansion in power scale is displayed, revealing a new fine structure involving remainders with both Gevrey and q−Gevrey type growth.
Subthreshold Micropulse Laser (577 nm) Therapy with an Individual Approach for Power Titration in Patients with Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (Pilot Study)
Authors: Kustryn Taras , Zadorozhnyy Oleg , Nasinnyk Illia , Pasyechnikova Nataliya , Korol Andrii
Published: October 2024

Purpose. To study the safety and effectiveness of subthreshold micropulse (SML) 577 nm laser therapy with an individual power titration in treating patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods. The study was a prospective, single‐centre observation of 30 patients (30 eyes) with chronic CSC. All patients with chronic CSC were treated with a 577 nm micropulse laser. Individual power parameters for each patient were titrated in a micropulse mode. The primary outcome measure was best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6‐month follow‐up. The secondary outcome measures were as follows: central retinal thickness (CRT) and maximum subretinal fluid height (SRFH) according to optical coherence tomography, number of laser sessions, and treatment safety at 6‐month follow‐up. Results. Before treatment, the mean BCVA was 0.35 ± 0.16, the mean CRT was 285 ± 76 µm, and the mean SRFH was 311 ± 85 µm. Six months after 577 nm SML therapy, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean BCVA with the maximum correction to 0.45 ± 0.15 (p = 0.001). The mean CRT and SRFH decreased significantly to 236 ± 45 μm (p = 0.003) and 45 ± 25 μm (p = 0.001), respectively. At the end of the follow‐up, complete resorption of the subretinal fluid was noted in 50% (15 eyes), and in 43% (13 eyes), a decrease in the SRFH was observed. During the entire observation period, 25 patients underwent 1 session of 577 nm SML therapy, 2 patients underwent 2 sessions, and 3 patients underwent the intervention three times. Conclusion. SML 577 nm therapy with individual selection of laser power in a micropulse mode is a safe and effective method of treating patients with chronic CSC. Further studies are needed to test the long‐term safety and efficacy of 577 nm SML therapy with individual power settings in chronic CSC.
Palatal Pedicle Connective Tissue for Reconstruction of Through‐and‐Through Soft Tissue Defects in Esthetic Zone Around a Dental Implant: An 8‐Year Follow‐Up Case Report
Authors: Wen Yuting , Chen Hao , Wang Liping , Zhao Shiyong , Xi Tong
Published: October 2024

Soft tissue management for immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone is crucial for successful treatment outcomes. Several surgical and restorative techniques have been proposed to treat unesthetic implant soft tissue defects or dehiscence. However, there is a scarcity of clinical evidence on addressing complications associated with through‐and‐through soft tissue defect (TTSD). In this case, a 61‐year‐old female patient, who underwent immediate implant placement at the right central incisor 3 months prior, presented with chronic peri‐implant mucosal infection and soft tissue recession of TTSD in 2015. The palatal pedicle connective tissue flap (PPCTF) was utilized to provide horizontal and vertical soft tissue augmentation and to cover the defect in combination with the labial contour collapse. At the 8‐year follow‐up, favorable white and pink esthetic outcomes were observed, and the pink esthetic score (PES) for soft tissue around the implant achieved 9 points, indicating satisfactory esthetic and functional results. The findings from this case study suggest that soft tissue augmentation techniques, such as PPCTF grafts, can provide a reliable and innovative method for both soft tissue augmentation and reconstruction of TTSD, resulting in long‐lasting functional and esthetic outcomes and stable ideal PES scores.
Improved Uptake and Adherence to Risk-Reducing Medication with the Use of Low-Dose Tamoxifen in Patients at High Risk for Breast Cancer
Authors: Cornell Lauren F. , Klassen Christine L. , Ghosh Karthik , Ball Colleen , Advani Pooja , Pruthi Sandhya
Published: October 2024

Women at increased risk for breast cancer may benefit from taking risk-reducing medication (RRM) with tamoxifen (tam). Historical uptake of tam in women who qualify has been low. Recent studies have shown low-dose tam to have similar efficacy to standard dosing, with lower risk for adverse events. In this study, we aimed to evaluate uptake, adherence, and tolerability of low-dose tam in women at increased risk for breast cancer and those with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In this two-site prospective study, women who qualified for breast cancer RRM were offered participation and received consultation with a breast specialist for discussion of RRM rationale, benefits, side effects, and risks. Patients received baseline and 1-year follow-up surveys. A total of 41 patients consented for participation, and 31 completed 1-year follow-up. After initial consultation, 90% (n = 37) reported good/complete understanding of breast cancer risk. Of patients included in 1-year follow-up, 5 had DCIS, 13 had high-risk intraepithelial lesion, and 13 qualified based on Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool/International Breast Intervention Study calculation. Furthermore, 74% (n = 23) of patients reported that they took low-dose tam after consultation, with 78.2% (n = 18) of those still taking medication at 1 year. Patients who continued medication had higher estimated breast cancer risk compared with those who discontinued (International Breast Intervention Study 10-year risk, 12.7% vs. 7.6%; P = 0.027). All patients with DCIS initiated low-dose tam, and only one patient with DCIS had discontinued at 1 year. Uptake of low-dose tam after informed discussion is high. Adherence and tolerability at 1-year follow-up improved compared with those with traditional dosing of tam.

Prevention Relevance: tam has been used extensively for breast cancer prevention in high-risk women. Historical uptake has been low because of concern for side effects and poor tolerability. Herein, we demonstrate that in the clinical setting, effective patient education and offering of a low-dose option can improve uptake in this high-risk population.

See related Spotlight, p. 545
Level of Expression of MHCI-Presented Neoepitopes Influences Tumor Rejection by Neoantigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Deng Li , Walsh Scott R. , Nguyen Andrew , Inkol Jordon M. , Westerveld Michael J. , Chen Lan , El-Sayes Nader , Mossman Karen L. , Workenhe Samuel T. , Wan Yonghong
Published: October 2024

Neoantigen-targeted therapy holds an array of benefits for cancer immunotherapy, but the identification of peptide targets with tumor rejection capacity remains a limitation. To better define the criteria dictating tumor rejection potential, we examined the capacity of high-magnitude T-cell responses induced toward several distinct neoantigen targets to regress MC38 tumors. Despite their demonstrated immunogenicity, vaccine-induced T-cell responses were unable to regress established MC38 tumors or prevent tumor engraftment in a prophylactic setting. Although unable to kill tumor cells, T cells showed robust killing capacity toward neoantigen peptide–loaded cells. Tumor-cell killing was rescued by saturation of target peptide–loaded MHCs on the cell surface. Overall, this study demonstrates a pivotal role for target protein expression levels in modulating the tumor rejection capacity of neoantigens. Thus, inclusion of this metric, in addition to immunogenicity analysis, may benefit antigen prediction techniques to ensure the full antitumor effect of cancer vaccines.
Figure S9 from Antiangiogenic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors have Differential Efficacy in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Bone
Authors: Maksimovic Stefan , Boscolo Nina C. , La Posta Ludovica , Barrios Sergio , Moussa Mohammad Jad , Gentile Emanuela , Pesquera Pedro I. , Li Wenjiao , Chen Jianfeng , Gomez Javier A. , Basi Akshay , Burks Jared K. , Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher , Gao Jianjun , Campbell Matthew T. , Dondossola Eleonora
Published: October 2024

CD8+ cell infiltration of lung tumors at baseline and following TKI administration. A) Representative images of CD8+ cells in lung tumors captured by confocal microscope at baseline (no treatment), at day 7, 14 and 21 post-tumor cell injection; tumor (green, GFP), CD8+ cells (yellow), blood vessels (CD31, red), nuclei (blue, DAPI); dotted line, tumor edge. B) A quantification of CD8+ cell number and their distribution over time is shown, mean + SEM, n=3/group. C) Representative images of CD8+ cells in lung tumors captured by confocal microscope post-TKI treatment; tumor (green, GFP); of CD8+ cells (yellow), blood vessels (red, CD31), nuclei (blue, DAPI); dotted line, tumor edge. D) A quantification of CD8+ cell number, number of CD8+ cells over tumor area and CD8+ cell distribution is shown; mean + SEM, n=6-8/group. P values by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD post hoc test; p < 0.05 = *, p < 0.01 = **. Bar, 100 µm. V-vehicle, A-axitinib, C-cabozantinib, L-lenvatinib; Inner reg-inner region.
Figure S5 from Antiangiogenic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors have Differential Efficacy in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Bone
Authors: Maksimovic Stefan , Boscolo Nina C. , La Posta Ludovica , Barrios Sergio , Moussa Mohammad Jad , Gentile Emanuela , Pesquera Pedro I. , Li Wenjiao , Chen Jianfeng , Gomez Javier A. , Basi Akshay , Burks Jared K. , Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher , Gao Jianjun , Campbell Matthew T. , Dondossola Eleonora
Published: October 2024

Cross-sectional slices of tibiae with VHL- RENCA after TKIs treatment. Representative images of bone tumors post- treatment, obtained by confocal microscope: green, GFP; yellow, endomucin; red, laminin; blue, DAPI. Bar, 100 µm. Endo-endomucin; Lam-laminin.
Figure 4 from Antiangiogenic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors have Differential Efficacy in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Bone
Authors: Maksimovic Stefan , Boscolo Nina C. , La Posta Ludovica , Barrios Sergio , Moussa Mohammad Jad , Gentile Emanuela , Pesquera Pedro I. , Li Wenjiao , Chen Jianfeng , Gomez Javier A. , Basi Akshay , Burks Jared K. , Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher , Gao Jianjun , Campbell Matthew T. , Dondossola Eleonora
Published: October 2024

TKIs’ effect on immune cell infiltration in bone tumors. A, Impact of TKIs on CD8 infiltration in RENCA VHL− tumors in bone evaluated by IF analysis; representative images acquired at the confocal microscope (green, GFP; blue, DAPI; yellow, CD8; red, laminin) are shown; dotted line, tumor area. Bar, 100 μm. B, Quantification of the number and distribution of CD8+ cells associated with tumor; mean ± SEM, n = 6–12/group. C, Representative images and quantification (D and E) of immune subsets infiltrating bone tumors by multiplex imaging (COMET, Lunaphore) post-TKI treatment, mean ± SEM, n = 3/group P values by one-way ANOVA with Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc test; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.0001. Inner tumor region >25 μm from the tumor edge. A, axitinib; C, cabozantinib; Inner reg, inner region; L, lenvatinib; Lam, laminin; lymph, lymphocytes; myel, myeloid; V, vehicle.
Data from Antiangiogenic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors have Differential Efficacy in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Bone
Authors: Maksimovic Stefan , Boscolo Nina C. , La Posta Ludovica , Barrios Sergio , Moussa Mohammad Jad , Gentile Emanuela , Pesquera Pedro I. , Li Wenjiao , Chen Jianfeng , Gomez Javier A. , Basi Akshay , Burks Jared K. , Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher , Gao Jianjun , Campbell Matthew T. , Dondossola Eleonora
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent kidney neoplasm; bone metastasis (BM) develops in 35% to 40% of metastatic patients and results in substantial morbidity and mortality, as well as medical costs. A key feature of ccRCC is the loss of function of the von Hippel–Lindau protein, which enhances angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor release. Consequently, antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) emerged as a treatment for ccRCC. However, limited data about their efficacy in BM is available, and no systematic comparisons have been performed. We developed mouse models of bone and lung ccRCC tumors and compared their anticancer efficacy, impact on mouse survival, and mechanisms of action, including effects on tumor cells and both immune and nonimmune (blood vessels and osteoclasts) bone stromal components. This approach elucidates the efficacy of TKIs in ccRCC bone tumors to support rational interrogation and development of therapies.
Significance:
TKIs showed different efficacy in synchronous bone and lung metastases and did not eradicate tumors as single agents but induced extensive reprogramming of the BM microenvironment. This resulted in a significant decrease in neoangiogenic blood vessels, bone remodeling, and immune cell infiltration (including CD8 T cells) with altered spatial distribution.
Navigating the tech-savvy generation; key considerations in developing of an artificial intelligence curriculum
Authors: Ramli Munasprianto , Fatra Maifalinda , Murtadlo Muhamad , Albana Hasan , Hana Susanti Baiq , Aldeia Saifullah
Published: October 2024

The progress in artificial intelligence (AI) technology has greatly changed various facets of society. This study aimed to explore aspects that need to be considered in developing AI curriculum for senior high schools in Indonesia. The qualitative approach employed in this study. The researchers utilized focus group discussions with schools’ management and students at seven cities and group interviews with students at three cities. The results show that some schools want AI as an extracurricular activity, while others want it as a mandatory subject. School management and teachers aim for 2-3 competent AI instructors in each school. If no teachers are available, training will be provided to ICT, mathematics, or physics teachers for about a year to become AI educators. All participants agree on the importance of teaching students about AI applications and discussing ethical issues related to AI.
Enhancing road image clarity with residual neural network dehazing model
Authors: Martin Aerun , Nazeri Kamaruddin Mohd , Md Sani Zamani , Abdul Ghani Hadhrami
Published: October 2024

Lane markers, or road markers, are the painted lines on a roadway that separate different lanes of traffic. Lane markers guide drivers and ensure orderly vehicle flow. They are essential for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), providing reference points for vehicle positioning on the road. These markers enable ADAS to give warnings, assistance, and automation features that enhance driver safety and convenience. However, unpredictable illumination, such as a foggy environment, can suppress marker visibility, impacting ADAS's performance. Deep learning-based methods are well-known for their superiority in handling various haze patterns. This paper presents a residual network (ResNet)-based deep learning model to improve road image clarity impacted by fog. The residual neural network dehaze model (RNN-D) utilises a joint loss function to produce haze-free images with improved lighting conditions and enhanced details. The model was trained, validated, and fine-tuned using hazy and corresponding non-hazy datasets to ensure that the model is quantitatively superior in the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity index measure (SSIM). RNN-D achieved an average PSNR of 27.98 and SSIM of 0.8 on multiple open sourced datasets. The proposed algorithm's superior performance and visually appealing results make it a powerful tool for real-world image dehazing applications.
From Data to Decisions: Validating Ocean Ecosystem Services Scale
Authors: Figueiredo Ronnie
Published: October 2024

Several studies address the main topic of research, Ecosystem Services. It is also proven that decision-making in organizations generally involves a decision-maker, who assumes internal responsibility for the results. However, when the decision is collective, we need to think about the context of governance. How to improve the decision by the governance involved in the decision-making process? When this decision is applied to Ocean Ecosystem Services, in particular, we need a parameter. Therefore, the proposed scale is an initial guide for decisions on the governance of ocean services ecosystems. In this article, the scale proposal with validation through classical linear regression, and supported by an artificial neural network, demonstrates the main variables that influence the decision and contribute to possible risk mitigations in terms of decisions.
Signalling overhead minimization aware handover execution using ensemble learning in next generation wireless networks
Authors: Srinivas Bhavana , Uma Reddy Nadig Vijayendra
Published: October 2024

Upcoming smart intelligent heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) and their uses can greatly benefit from the merging of long-term evolution (LTE) sub-6 GHz along with millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies by boosting the coverage, bandwidth, reliability, seamless connectivity, and high quality of service (QoS). Nevertheless, because of the inability of directed waves in terms of coverage, it is difficult to locate the appropriate mmWave remote radio units (RRUs). Therefore, it is crucial to lessen the burden of the handover signaling processes. In meeting research requirements this paper presents signaling overhead minimization aware handover execution (SOMAHE) model. The SOMAHE model first introduces a novel handover mechanism between LTE and mmWave is presented in this research, followed by a machine learning (ML)-based autonomous handover execution technique. To estimate the handover success rate, the model introduces a feature ensemble learning (FEL) model built using XGBoost (XGB) model that makes use of sampling windows channel data. To conclude, combining FEL into the SOMAHE model reduces signaling overhead while simultaneously increasing the handover success-rate. Experiment results with varying mobile terminals, demonstrate that the SOMAHE model significantly outperforms the existing standard deep q-networks (DQN)-based handover-execution method.
Optimized multi-layer self-attention network for feature-level data fusion in emotion recognition
Authors: Umesh Patil Basamma , Davanageri Virupakshappa Ashoka , Basappa Vijaya Ajay Prakash
Published: October 2024

Understanding human emotions across diverse data sources presents challenges in various applications including healthcare, human-machine interaction, security, marketing, and gaming. Prior research has explored fusion techniques to address multimodal data heterogeneity, yet often overlooks the importance of discriminative unimodal information and potential complementarity among fusion strategies. Recognizing emotions from video and audio data poses challenges such as non-verbal cues interpretation, varying expression, ambiguity in context, and the need for nuanced feature extraction to capture subtle emotional nuances accurately. To tackle these issues, it is imperative to employ efficient emotion representation and multimodal fusion techniques, as these tasks have significant importance within the realm of multifaceted recognizing study. This study introduced a novel approach, optimized multi-layer self-attention network for emotion recognition (OMSN-ER), focusing on feature-level data fusion. OMSN-ER precisely assesses emotional states by merging facial and voice data, utilizing a multi-layer progressive dense residual fusion network and a self-attention mountain gazelle convolution neural network. Implemented in Python with the RAVDESS dataset, the methodology achieves exceptional accuracy (0.9908), surpassing benchmarks and demonstrating efficacy in multimodal emotion recognition. This research represents promising advancements in the intricate field of emotion recognition.
Unveiling DNA Sequences: A Comparison of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Prediction
Authors: Rayesha Shifana , Banu Dr. Aisha , Rahman Dr. Afzalur , Priya Dr. Sharon
Published: October 2024

DNA is the biological macromolecule unit that carries the information of all protein, amino acid sequences. With the help of this protein sequence, we explore the mutated gene and disease-causing mutated genomic pattern. Currently, the progression of genomic innovation is the source of DNA arrangement information developing at a dangerous rate—external factors have stimulated the volume of research into DNA genomes. Initially, the development process of DNA sequencing is accomplished with the support of the Database, data structures, and sequence similarity. The method is capable of extracting a particular property in DNA. We employ the deep learning algorithm to pull out protein sequences' features. The DNA sequence is classified based on the in-build protein structures extracted into the Fasta file. Therefore, the DNA sequence of E.coli with 106 data sets and 57 nucleotides is tested experimentally. Finally, we compared the results with the existing decision tree algorithm, KNN- Classification, random forest, and neural networks. The deep learning algorithm yields higher efficiency of 98% compared to other machine learning algorithms. This highlights the potential of deep learning in genomics research and its ability to yield superior results in classifying DNA sequences.
Enhancing image quality using super-resolution residual network for small, blurry images
Authors: Hindarto Djarot , Wahyuddin Mohammad Iwan , Andrianingsih Andrianingsih , Komalasari Ratih Titi , Handayani Endah Tri Esti , Hariadi Mochamad
Published: October 2024

In the background, when low-resolution images are utilized, image identification tasks are frequently hampered. By employing the residual network super-resolution framework, super-resolution techniques are used to enhance image quality, specifically in the detection and identification of small and blurry objects. Improving resolution, decreasing blur, and enhancing object detail are the main goals of the suggested approach. The novelty of this research resides in its application of the activation exponential linear unit (ELU) to the super-resolution residual network (SR-ResNet) framework, which has been demonstrated to enhance image sharpness. The experimental findings demonstrate a substantial enhancement in the quality of the images, as evidenced by the training data's structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.9989 and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 91.8455. Furthermore, the validation data demonstrated SSIM 0.9990 and PSNR 92.5520. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of SR-ResNet significantly enhances the capability of the detection system to detect and classify diminutive and opaque entities precisely. The expected and projected enhancement in image quality significantly influences image processing, especially in situations where accuracy and object differentiation are vital.
Image classification in cultural heritage
Authors: Sabha Muath , Saffarini Muhammed , Yousuf Rami
Published: October 2024

In this paper, an automated supervised image classification technique, specifi- cally for classifying images in the cultural heritage domain, is developed. The developed technique classifies images according to a particular date, culture, people and historical age. The proposed technique consists of two stages, fea- ture extraction using the unsupervised segmentation technique, and the classi- fication stage using supervised classification techniques. Common features are extracted, and their histograms are applied to three classifiers: k-nearest neigh- bor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), and decision tree (DT). When our tech- nique was applied to a repository of images from cultural heritage, it showed reduced complexity and improved classification accuracy. DT has achieved a higher weighted average recall. This is also represented by the weighted av- erage f-measure where DT has obtained 0.81. DT has outperformed the other classifiers in terms of classifying heritage images.
Enhancing ultrasound-guided brachial plexus nerve localization with ResNet50 and support vector machine
Authors: Mummaneni Sobhana , Kumar Chintakayala Kushal , Mukund Yarlagadda Lalith Sai , Naga Raju Ala Venkata Siva , Vemulapalli Nihitha
Published: October 2024

Medical image segmentation and classification plays a vital role in nerve block/region identification, particularly for anesthesiologists relying on instinctual judgments. However, due to patient-specific anatomical variations, these methods sometimes lack precision. This research focuses on addressing the problem, by incorporating novel ensembling method of ResNet-50 and support vector machine (SVM) to achieve segmentation of dataset images and classification of nerve blocks respectively. The said novel ensemble model is trained on a publicly available dataset consisting of more than 16,800 images. The sole purpose of this work is to address the problem of peripheral nerve blocking (PNB) with the usage of ensemble modelling, while achieving the highest possible accuracy. This research will help practitioners in accurately identifying the location of brachial plexus and distinguishing the type of nerve block to be injected – interscalene and supraclavicular. The model, which integrates ResNet50 and SVM classifier, achieved a commendable 99.27% accuracy in identifying and classifying the brachial plexus region.
Weighted sum method based multi-objective optimal power flow considering various objectives: an application of whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Naidu Tentu Papi , Balasubramanian Ganapathy , Bathina Venkateswara Rao
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, multi-objective optimization plays a vital role in solving optimal power flow problems. Multi-objective optimal power flow (MOOPF) is a nonlinear optimization problem aimed at optimizing control variables while balancing multiple objective functions and satisfying both equality and inequality constraints and addresses this by integrating two more objectives into a single objective using a weighting factor. In this paper this weighted sum type multi-objective technique has been used to formulate the objective function. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) has been used to reduce the cost, emission, losses, and voltage stability by considering various multi objectives like fuel cost along with emission, fuel cost with losses, fuel cost with voltage stability, fuel cost with voltage deviation and finally fuel cost with emission, losses, voltage deviation. In this paper, the IEEE 30 bus structure has been used to analyze the effect of WOA on the improvement of system performance. Obtained results with WOA have been compared with other optimization techniques like ensemble constraint handling technique with differential evolution (ECHT-DE), the superiority of feasible differential evolution (SF-DE), moth swarm algorithm (MSA), and moth-flame optimization (MFO), available in the literature.
Gêneros textuais mobilizados para o repertório sociocultural produtivo em redações do Enem 2022
Authors: Silva Ademir Juvêncio da
Published: October 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar redações nota mil do Enem, edição de 2022, cujos repertórios socioculturais produtivos se baseiam em gêneros textuais. A fundamentação teórico-metodológica está inserida na teoria dos gêneros textuais desenvolvida pela Escola de Genebra, com o apoio de Bronckart (1999, 2000, 2003, 2006), além de Baltar (2007), Bertucci (2021), Bunzen (2004), Rojo (2008), entre outros autores. O corpus da pesquisa é composto por vinte e sete redações nota mil da edição de 2022 do Enem, publicadas pela revista Cartilha Redação a Mil 5.0. Como resultado, observou-se a recorrência do gênero textual normativo (Constituição Federal de 1988) em nove redações, além de outros quatorze gêneros utilizados pelos participantes para compor o repertório sociocultural produtivo. Isso possibilita o entendimento de que deve haver um esforço na formação acadêmica dos alunos voltado para o ensino e a aprendizagem da diversidade de gêneros textuais que possam auxiliá-los não apenas a desenvolver uma escrita autônoma, mas também a participar de práticas de interação social mais significativas.
Uma abordagem linguageira e interacional da argumentação
Authors: Doury Marianne , Plantin Christian , Guichard-Libersac Camille , Mitsunari Nathalia Akemi Sato , Isola-Lanzoni Gabriel
Published: October 2024

Cette contribution repose sur une étude de cas portant sur des soirées électorales télévisées (élection présidentielle française, 2012 ; élections européennes de 2014, en France). Nous observons notamment comment les « faits bruts » (données chiffrées officielles et non contestées) sont orientés discursivement vers une conclusion évaluative spécifique (« c’est un bon score » / « c’est un mauvais score »). En nous adossant à cette analyse, nous explicitons ensuite les options théoriques et méthodologiques qui ont assuré notre démarche, que nous caractérisons comme une approche compréhensive de l’argumentation. Elle est fondée notamment sur la notion de question argumentative déterminant la structure des données qu’il s’agit de représenter (modéliser) et la restitution de l’évaluation aux participants.
Defining Cardiomyocyte Repolarization Response to Pharmacotherapy in Long‐QT Syndrome Type 3
Authors: Ge Ning , Li Rui , Liu Min , Xia Wenxin , O'Brien Stephen T. , McInerney Veronica , Galvin Joseph , Ward Deirdre , McGorrian Catherine , O'Brien Timothy , Shen Sanbing , Prendiville Terence W.
Published: October 2024

Background

Long‐QT syndrome is a primary cardiac ion channelopathy predisposing a patient to ventricular arrhythmia through delayed repolarization on the resting ECG. We aimed to establish a patient‐specific, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived cardiomyocytes model of long‐QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3) using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9), for disease modeling and drug challenge.

Methods and Results

HiPSCs were generated from a patient with LQT3 harboring an
SCN5A
pathogenic variant (c.1231G>A; p.Val411Met), and an unrelated healthy control. The same
SCN5A
pathogenic variant was engineered into the background healthy control hiPSCs via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate a second disease model of LQT3 for comparison with an isogenic control. All 3 hiPSC lines were differentiated into cardiomyocytes. Both the patient‐derived LQT3 (
SCN5A
+/−
) and genetically engineered LQT3 (
SCN5A
+/−
) hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes showed significantly prolonged cardiomyocyte repolarization compared with the healthy control. Mexiletine, a cardiac voltage‐gated sodium channel (Na
V
1.5) blocker, shortened repolarization in both patient‐derived LQT3 and genetically engineered LQT3 hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes, but had no effect in the control. Notably, calcium channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil showed a dose‐dependent shortening of repolarization, rescuing the phenotype. Additionally, therapeutic drugs known to prolong the corrected QT in humans (ondansetron, clarithromycin, and sotalol) demonstrated this effect in vitro, but the LQT3 clones were not more disproportionately affected compared with the control.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that patient‐derived and genetically engineered LQT3 hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes faithfully recapitulate pathologic characteristics of LQT3. The clinical significance of such an in vitro model is in the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies, stratifying drug adverse reaction risk and potentially facilitating a more targeted, patient‐specific approach in high‐risk patients with LQT3.
[18F]PI-2620 Tau PET signal across the aging and Alzheimer’s disease clinical spectrum
Authors: Young Christina B. , Vossler Hillary , Romero America , Smith Viktorija , Park Jennifer , Trelle Alexandra N. , Winer Joseph R. , Wilson Edward N. , Zeineh Michael M. , Sha Sharon J. , Khalighi Mehdi , Yutsis Maya V. , Morales Aimara P. , Anders David , Zaharchuk Greg , Henderson Victor W. , Andreasson Katrin I. , Wagner Anthony D. , Poston Kathleen L. , Davidzon Guido A. , Mormino Elizabeth C.
Published: October 2024

[18F]PI-2620 is a second generation tracer that has shown high binding affinity for tau aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, [18F]PI-2620 signal in a large sample spanning the healthy aging and AD clinical spectrum as well as the stability of signal across different acquisition time windows has not yet been examined. Here, amyloid negative (Aβ-) cognitively unimpaired (CU; n = 49), amyloid positive (Aβ+) CU (n = 37), CU individuals with unknown amyloid status (n = 5), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 14), dementia due to AD (n = 19), and non-AD neurodegenerative disorder (n = 54) participants were scanned with [18F]PI-2620 using a 45–75 min and/or 60–90 min acquisition time window. The impact of acquisition time on standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) magnitude was first quantified with linear mixed models, and in participants and regions with high [18F]PI-2620 signal, SUVRs increased linearly up to 0.04 SUVR with each additional 5 min past injection time. We then accounted for differences in acquisition time using a voxel-wise correction approach and showed high correlations (all r’s ≥ 0.986) between SUVRs calculated from 45–75 min data and SUVRs from 60–90 min data that were interpolated to the 45–75 min scale in 15 participants who were scanned across both time windows. Using real and interpolated 45–75 min data, we next examined [18F]PI-2620 signal in Braak regions of interest and an off-target binding region (putamen) in Aβ- and Aβ+ CU, Aβ+ MCI, and Aβ+ AD dementia (n = 115) and showed that SUVRs in all Braak regions increased with greater disease severity. Within CU, higher Braak I SUVR was significantly associated with greater CSF pTau-181 (n = 35), and higher SUVRs were significantly associated with worse memory and language (n = 57). Thus, voxel-wise acquisition time corrections can be applied to combine [18F]PI-2620 datasets collected at different post-injection times, and once acquisition time is accounted for, [18F]PI-2620 signal shows the expected increases across the AD spectrum and can be used for detection of early tau elevations.
Assessing the Speed–Accuracy Tradeoff in Psychological Testing Using Experimental Manipulations
Authors: Alfers Tobias , Gittler Georg , Ulitzsch Esther , Pohl Steffi
Published: October 2024

The speed–accuracy tradeoff (SAT), where increased response speed often leads to decreased accuracy, is well established in experimental psychology. However, its implications for psychological assessments, especially in high-stakes settings, remain less understood. This study presents an experimental approach to investigate the SAT within a high-stakes spatial ability assessment. By manipulating instructions in a within-subjects design to induce speed variations in a large sample ( N = 1,305) of applicants for an air traffic controller training program, we demonstrate the feasibility of manipulating working speed. Our findings confirm the presence of the SAT for most participants, suggesting that traditional ability scores may not fully reflect performance in high-stakes assessments. Importantly, we observed individual differences in the SAT, challenging the assumption of uniform SAT functions across test takers. These results highlight the complexity of interpreting high-stakes assessment outcomes and the influence of test conditions on performance dynamics. This study offers a valuable addition to the methodological toolkit for assessing the intraindividual relationship between speed and accuracy in psychological testing (including SAT research), providing a controlled approach while acknowledging the need to address potential confounders. Future research may apply this method across various cognitive domains, populations, and testing contexts to deepen our understanding of the SAT’s broader implications for psychological measurement.
Crashworthiness study of polyamide bi-tubular thin-walled tubes using hybrid lattice filling
Authors: Kandasamy Mohan Kumar , Ganesan Arumaikkannu
Published: October 2024

Thin-Walled Tubes (TWT) are widely used as crashworthiness elements to absorb and dissipate kinetic energy during collision through plastic deformation. Various design strategies, including nested tubes, triggers, and filling with lattices, are commonly used to enhance the crashworthiness of TWT. Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers unique opportunities to produce complex lattice-filled TWT with higher precision, but challenges persist in the design and fabrication of bi-tubular TWT to enhance crashworthiness. The aim of this study is to propose an approach for hybrid lattice filling in bi-tubular structures. In the preliminary phase, the parametric study was conducted to understand the influence of tube cross-section geometry, thickness, and trigger hole diameter on the crashworthiness of empty TWT using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Empty TWTs were fabricated using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) with PA12 material and compressed uni-axially at 8 mm/min speed. In the second phase, bi-tubular TWT was filled with three different unit cells such as Cube, Kelvin, and Octet Truss (OT) having 30% relative density. In the lattice filling approach, two different strategies were followed such as uniform and hybrid lattice filling. Designed TWTs were fabricated and tested under uni-axial compression at two different speeds such as 8 mm/min and 8 mm/sec. Based on the results of the preliminary study, it has been observed that cross-section geometry and tube thickness significantly enhance SEA through an increase in the stiffness and number of folding. With the help of the Signal to Noise (S/N) ratio graph, appropriate levels were selected as input for the hybrid lattice-filling approach. The results of the second phase revealed that hybrid lattice filling significantly enhances the deformation modes, energy absorption, and crashworthiness properties of TWTs. Hybrid lattice-filled TWT offers better Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) as 18.32 kJ/kg at 8 mm/sec compression speed, which is 113.9% higher than empty and 42.8% higher than uniform lattice-filled TWT. This work demonstrated that adopting the hybrid lattice-filling approach is one of the potential ways to enhance the crashworthiness of protective equipment such as crash boxes and frames.