bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of clinical risk factors for suicide among people presenting to emergency departments and general hospitals with suicidal thoughts and behaviours
Authors: Grover Cameron , Huber Jacqueline , Brewer Matthew , Basu Ashna , Large Matthew
Published: October 2023

Background

Suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB) are a common reason for presentation to emergency departments and general hospitals. A meta‐analysis of the strength of clinical risk factors for subsequent suicide might aid understanding of suicidal behaviour and help suicide prevention.

Methods

We conducted a meta‐analysis of cohort and controlled studies on clinical risk factors and later suicide among people presenting to emergency departments and general hospitals with STB. Data were extracted from papers meeting inclusion criteria, published in Medline, PsycINFO, and Embase between 1 January 1960 and 10 October 2022 using papers located with the search terms ((suicide*).m_titl AND (emergency* OR accident and emergency OR casualty OR general hospital OR toxicology service).mp) or were indexed in PubMed and had titles located with the search terms (suicide* OR self‐harm OR self‐harm OR self‐injury OR self‐injury OR self‐poisoning OR self‐poisoning OR overdose OR para‐suicide OR parasuicide [title/abstract]) AND (Emergency department OR emergency room OR Casualty OR general hospital OR toxicology OR accident and emergency [all fields]). Data about the association between clinical risk factors and suicide extracted from three or more studies were included in a random‐effects meta‐analysis of the odds of later death by suicide. The study was registered in PROSPERO and conducted according to MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Seventy‐five studies reported on 741,624 people, of which 19,649 died by suicide (2.65%). Male sex (odds ratio (OR) = 1.99) and age (OR = 2.01) were the most consistently reported risk factors. The strongest associations with subsequent death by suicide related to violent self‐harm methods at the hospital presentation, including: unspecified violent method (OR = 4.97), any violent method (OR = 4.57) and the specific violent methods of drowning (OR = 4.32), hanging (OR = 4.26), and use of firearms (OR = 10.08). Patients categorised as higher risk using suicide prediction scales or any other method that combined risk factors had moderately increased odds of suicide (OR = 2.58). Younger age, Black and Hispanic ethnicity, overdose, a diagnosis of adjustment disorder, and the absence of any psychiatric diagnosis were protective against suicide.

Conclusions

Most risk factors for suicide among people who have presented with STB are not strongly associated with later suicide. The strongest risk factors relate to self‐harm methods. In the absence of clear indicators of future suicide, all people presenting with suicidality warrant a thorough assessment of their needs, and further research is needed before we can meaningfully categorise people with STB according to suicide risk.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: Foods, drinks and diets and their effect on chronic constipation in adults
Authors: Van Der Schoot Alice , Katsirma Zoi , Whelan Kevin , Dimidi Eirini
Published: October 2023

Background

Dietary approaches are recommended for the management of chronic constipation. Until now, there has been no systematic review and meta‐analysis on foods, drinks and diets in constipation.

Aims

To investigate the effect of foods, drinks and diets on response to treatment, stool output, gut transit time, symptoms, quality of life, adverse events and compliance in adults with chronic constipation via a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

Studies were identified using electronic databases (12th July 2023). Intervention trials (randomised controlled trials [RCTs], non‐randomised, uncontrolled) were included. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane 2.0 (RCTs) or JBI Critical Appraisal (uncontrolled trials). Data from RCTs only were synthesised using risk ratios (RRs), mean differences (MDs), standardised mean differences (95% CI) using random‐effects.

Results

We included 23 studies (17 RCTs, 6 uncontrolled; 1714 participants): kiwifruit (n = 7), high‐mineral water (n = 4), prunes (n = 2), rye bread (n = 2), mango, fig, cereal, oat bran, yoghurt, water supplementation, prune juice, high‐fibre diet, no‐fibre diet (n = 1). Fruits resulted in higher stool frequency than psyllium (MD: +0.36 bowel movements [BM]/week, [0.25–0.48], n = 232), kiwifruits in particular (MD: +0.36 BM/week, [0.24–0.48], n = 192); there was no difference for prunes compared with psyllium. Rye bread resulted in higher stool frequency than white bread (MD: +0.43 BM/week, [0.03–0.83], n = 48). High‐mineral water resulted in higher response to treatment than low‐mineral water (RR: 1.47, [1.20–1.81], n = 539).

Conclusions

Fruits and rye bread may improve certain constipation‐related outcomes. There is a scarcity of evidence on foods, drinks and diets in constipation and further RCTs are needed.
The CONFIRM trial protocol: the utility of prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography in active surveillance for prostate cancer
Authors: Bagguley Dominic , Harewood Laurence , McKenzie Dean , Ptasznik Gideon , Ong Sean , Chengodu Thilakavathi , Woon Dixon , Sim Kenneth , Sheldon James , Lawrentschuk Nathan
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Primary objectives: To determine the additive value of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the risk stratification of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) who would have otherwise been deemed suitable for active surveillance (AS). Specifically, we aim to determine if PSMA PET/CT can detect a cohort of men on AS that are in fact high risk and likely to experience unfavourable outcomes should they remain on their current treatment pathway. Secondary objectives: to determine the additive value of PSMA PET/CT to repeat multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate and explore whether a confirmatory biopsy may be avoided in men with a negative PSMA PET/CT and a negative repeat mpMRI of the prostate (Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System score of <3). Furthermore, to develop a nomogram combining clinical, imaging and biomarker data to predict the likelihood of failure on AS in men with high‐risk features. Also, a blood sample will be taken to perform a Prostate Health Index test at the time of confirmatory biopsy. Furthermore, a portion of this blood will be stored at a biobank for up to 5 years if a follow‐up study on molecular biomarkers and genetic assays in this cohort of men is indicated, based on the results from the CONFIRM trial.

Patients and Methods

The CONFIRM trial is a prospective, multicentre, pre‐test/post‐test, cohort study across Victoria, Australia, involving men with newly diagnosed low‐risk PCa with high‐risk features, considered suitable for AS and undergoing confirmatory biopsy. The trial's goal is to provide high‐quality evidence to establish whether PSMA PET/CT has a role in risk‐stratifying men deemed suitable for AS despite having high‐risk feature(s).

Results

The CONFIRM trial will measure the proportion of men deemed unsuitable for ongoing AS based on pathological upgrading and multidisciplinary team recommendation due to PSMA PET/CT scan and PSMA‐targeted confirmatory biopsy. Additionally, the positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity of PSMA PET/CT will be calculated in isolation and combined with repeat mpMRI of the prostate.

Conclusions

This trial will provide robust prospective data to determine if PSMA‐PET/CT and standard of care (prostate biopsy ± repeat mpMRI) can improve diagnostic certainty in men undergoing confirmatory biopsy for low‐grade PCa with high‐risk features.
Neogene drainage reorganization of Longzhong Basin driven by growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: A Sr isotope hydrological perspective
Authors: Liu Yudong , Yang Yibo , Feng Zhantao , Yan Zhongyi , Yue Yahui , Wu Fuli , Song Bowen , Fang Xiaomin
Published: October 2023

The Tibetan Plateau uplift has significantly influenced Asian geomorphic and climate patterns. Drainage evolution across the plateau and its surroundings as the consequence of such changes in landscape and climate provides an opportunity to understand the growth of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the evolution history of major drainage areas around the Tibetan Plateau is largely unknown. Here, we reconstructed the evolution of drainage patterns of the Cenozoic Longzhong Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau since the India–Asia collision using palaeo‐water solute 87Sr/86Sr ratio records from its subbasins. Higher solute 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Lanzhou and Xining Basins and their consistent temporal variations before ca. 22 Ma as well as lower solute 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the Linxia Basin collectively indicate a relatively steady drainage pattern of the integrated Longzhong Basin. A diverse evolution of the solute 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the Lanzhou and Xining Basins after ca. 22 Ma suggests that there was a drainage reorganization, characterized by the division of one into multiple catchment centres, in response to the growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Subsequently, the identical solute 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the Lanzhou and Xining Basins were further approached at ca. 16 Ma, and the rise in the solute 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Linxia and Tianshui Basins occurred at ca. 9–8 Ma, indicating two subsequent changes in solute composition induced by the middle Miocene uplift and late Miocene dust expansion, respectively. Our reconstructions of Cenozoic hydrological evolution in the Longzhong Basin indicate accelerated basin segmentation and drainage adjustment with solute change in response to the growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during the Neogene.
Survivin enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease mouse model
Authors: Lee Yeongae , Ju Yeon‐Joo , Gee Min Sung , Jeon Seung Ho , Kim Namkwon , Koo Taeyoung , Lee Jong Kil
Published: October 2023

Aims

Cognitive impairment is associated with reduced hippocampal neurogenesis; however, the causes of decreased hippocampal neurogenesis remain highly controversial. Here, we investigated the role of survivin in the modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis in AD.

Methods

To investigate the effect of survivin on neurogenesis in neural stem cells (NSCs), we treated mouse embryonic NSCs with a survivin inhibitor (YM155) and adeno‐associated viral survivin (AAV‐Survivin). To explore the potential role of survivin expression in AD, AAV9‐Survivin or AAV9‐GFP were injected into the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus of 7‐month‐old wild‐type and 5XFAD mice. Cognitive function was measured by the Y maze and Morris water maze. Neurogenesis was investigated by BrdU staining, immature, and mature neuron markers.

Results

Our results indicate that suppression of survivin expression resulted in decreased neurogenesis. Conversely, overexpression of survivin using AAV‐Survivin restored neurogenesis in NSCs that had been suppressed by YM155 treatment. Furthermore, the expression level of survivin decreased in the 9‐month‐old 5XFAD compared with that in wild‐type mice. AAV‐Survivin‐mediated overexpression of survivin in the DG in 5XFAD mice enhanced neurogenesis and cognitive function.

Conclusion

Hippocampal neurogenesis can be enhanced by survivin overexpression, suggesting that survivin could serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
Focal ictal direct current shifts by a time constant of 2 seconds were clinically useful for resective epilepsy surgery
Authors: Izumi Masaki , Kobayashi Katsuya , Kajikawa Shunsuke , Kanazawa Kyoko , Takayama Yutaro , Iijima Keiya , Iwasaki Masaki , Okahara Yoji , Mine Seiichiro , Iwadate Yasuo , Ikeda Akio
Published: October 2023

Objective

Ictal direct current shifts (icDCs) and ictal high‐frequency oscillations (icHFOs) have been reported as surrogate markers for better surgical outcomes in epilepsy surgery. icDCs have been classified into two types: rapid and slow development. icDCs have been investigated with a time constant of 10 s (TC10s); however, many institutes use electroencephalography with a time constant of 2 s (TC2s). This study aimed to evaluate whether icDCs can be observed adequately with TC2s; moreover, it examined the relationship between the resected core area of icDCs or icHFOs and surgical outcomes, occurrence rate of each type of icDCs, and relationship between each type of icDCs and pathology.

Methods

Twenty‐five patients with intractable focal epilepsy were analyzed retrospectively. icDCs and icHFOs were defined according to common metrics. The amplitude of icDCs was defined at >200 μV and even <200 μV. The two electrodes producing the most prominent icDCs and icHFOs were defined as core electrodes. The correlation between the resected core electrode area and degree of seizure control after surgery was analyzed. icDCs were classified into two types based on a peak latency value cutoff of 8.9 s, and the occurrence rates of both patterns were investigated.

Results

icDCs (142/147 seizures [96.6%]) and icHFOs (135/147 seizures [91.8%]) occurred in all patients (100%). Compared with the amplitude of icDCs with TC10s reported in previous studies, the amplitude of icDCs with TC2s was attenuated in the current study. A significant positive correlation was observed between the resected core electrode area and degree of seizure control in both icDCs and icHFOs. A rapid development pattern was observed in 202 of 264 electrodes (76.5%).

Significance

Similar to icDCs with TC10s, those with TC2s were observed adequately. Furthermore, favorable outcomes are expected using TC2s, which is currently available worldwide.
Comparison of ultrasonographic and computed tomographic imaging of equine thoracolumbar articular process joints
Authors: Morgan Rhiannon E. , Fiske‐Jackson Andrew , Chang Yu‐Mei
Published: October 2023

Background

Osteoarthritis of the equine thoracolumbar articular process joints (APJs) has been linked to back pain. Changes are commonly diagnosed through nuclear scintigraphy, radiography and ultrasonography (US).

Objectives

(1) To assess the agreement of APJ grades between US and computed tomography (CT) images; (2) to assess the effect of location on the agreement of APJ grades between US and CT images. It was hypothesised that: (1) Periarticular modelling and modification of the joint space would have the highest and lowest agreement between US and CT images, respectively; (2) Caudal thoracolumbar APJ grades would have higher agreement between US and CT images than mid thoracic APJs.

Study design

Comparative diagnostic imaging study using cadaveric specimens.

Methods

Disarticulated thoracolumbar spines of six equids euthanised for reasons unrelated to back pain, underwent US and CT examination of the APJs. Images were assessed for periarticular modelling, modification of the joint space and enlargement of the APJ. Intra‐observer, inter‐modality and inter‐observer agreement using multilevel weighted kappa statistics to evaluate the effects of location, US/CT characteristic and their interaction.

Results

Intra‐observer agreement of US and CT grades ranged from moderate to perfect. Between T15 and L1, inter‐modality agreement (CT vs. US) for periarticular modelling was moderate, and fair for enlargement and modification of the joint space. Inter‐observer agreement (US vs. US) of periarticular modelling was substantial between T15 and L1, moderate between L1 and L5 and fair between T10 and T15. Wide confidence intervals (CIs) seen for most grades apart from inter‐observer grades of periarticular modelling at T15–L5, introducing a degree of uncertainty into the results.

Main limitations

Large prevalence index influenced kappa values, small sample size.

Conclusions

Good inter‐observer (US vs. US) and inter‐modality (CT vs. US) agreement of caudal thoracolumbar APJ periarticular modelling. This US characteristic provides a measure of bone change, therefore supporting the use of diagnostic ultrasound. Inter‐modality CIs were wide, highlighting the study and imaging modality limitations.
Adaptation of sea turtles to climate warming: Will phenological responses be sufficient to counteract changes in reproductive output?
Authors: Fuentes M. M. P. B. , Santos A. J. B. , Abreu‐Grobois A. , Briseño‐Dueñas R. , Al‐Khayat J. , Hamza S. , Saliba S. , Anderson D. , Rusenko K. W. , Mitchell N. J. , Gammon M. , Bentley B. P. , Beton D. , Booth D. T. B. , Broderick A. C. , Colman L. P. , Snape R. T. E. , Calderon‐Campuzano M. F. , Cuevas E. , Lopez‐Castro M. C. , Flores‐Aguirre C. D. , Mendez de la Cruz F. , Segura‐Garcia Y. , Ruiz‐Garcia A. , Fossette S. , Gatto C. R. , Reina R. D. , Girondot M. , Godfrey M. , Guzman‐Hernandez V. , Hart C. E. , Kaska Y. , Lara P. H. , Marcovaldi M. A. G. D. , LeBlanc A. M. , Rostal D. , Liles M. J. , Wyneken J. , Lolavar A. , Williamson S. A. , Manoharakrishnan M. , Pusapati C. , Chatting M. , Mohd Salleh S. , Patricio A. R. , Regalla A. , Restrepo J. , Garcia R. , Santidrián Tomillo P. , Sezgin C. , Shanker K. , Tapilatu F. , Turkozan O. , Valverde R. A. , Williams K. , Yilmaz C. , Tolen N. , Nel R. , Tucek J. , Legouvello D. , Rivas M. L. , Gaspar C. , Touron M. , Genet Q. , Salmon M. , Araujo M. R. , Freire J. B. , Castheloge V. D. , Jesus P. R. , Ferreira P. D. , Paladino F. V. , Montero‐Flores D. , Sozbilen D. , Monsinjon J. R.
Published: October 2023

Sea turtles are vulnerable to climate change since their reproductive output is influenced by incubating temperatures, with warmer temperatures causing lower hatching success and increased feminization of embryos. Their ability to cope with projected increases in ambient temperatures will depend on their capacity to adapt to shifts in climatic regimes. Here, we assessed the extent to which phenological shifts could mitigate impacts from increases in ambient temperatures (from 1.5 to 3°C in air temperatures and from 1.4 to 2.3°C in sea surface temperatures by 2100 at our sites) on four species of sea turtles, under a “middle of the road” scenario (SSP2‐4.5). Sand temperatures at sea turtle nesting sites are projected to increase from 0.58 to 4.17°C by 2100 and expected shifts in nesting of 26–43 days earlier will not be sufficient to maintain current incubation temperatures at 7 (29%) of our sites, hatching success rates at 10 (42%) of our sites, with current trends in hatchling sex ratio being able to be maintained at half of the sites. We also calculated the phenological shifts that would be required (both backward for an earlier shift in nesting and forward for a later shift) to keep up with present‐day incubation temperatures, hatching success rates, and sex ratios. The required shifts backward in nesting for incubation temperatures ranged from −20 to −191 days, whereas the required shifts forward ranged from +54 to +180 days. However, for half of the sites, no matter the shift the median incubation temperature will always be warmer than the 75th percentile of current ranges. Given that phenological shifts will not be able to ameliorate predicted changes in temperature, hatching success and sex ratio at most sites, turtles may need to use other adaptive responses and/or there is the need to enhance sea turtle resilience to climate warming.
A remote sensing method for mapping alpine grasslines based on graph‐cut
Authors: Liu Licong , Chen Jin , Shen Miaogen , Chen Xuehong , Cao Ruyin , Cao Xin , Cui Xihong , Yang Wei , Zhu Xiaolin , Li Le , Tang Yanhong
Published: October 2023

Climate change has induced substantial shifts in vegetation boundaries such as alpine treelines and shrublines, with widespread ecological and climatic influences. However, spatial and temporal changes in the upper elevational limit of alpine grasslands (“alpine grasslines”) are still poorly understood due to lack of field observations and remote sensing estimates. In this study, taking the Tibetan Plateau as an example, we propose a novel method for automatically identifying alpine grasslines from multi‐source remote sensing data and determining their positions at 30‐m spatial resolution. We first identified 2895 mountains potentially having alpine grasslines. On each mountain, we identified a narrow area around the upper elevational limit of alpine grasslands where the alpine grassline was potentially located. Then, we used linear discriminant analysis to adaptively generate from Landsat reflectance features a synthetic feature that maximized the difference between vegetated and unvegetated pixels in each of these areas. After that, we designed a graph‐cut algorithm to integrate the advantages of the Otsu and Canny approaches, which was used to determine the precise position of the alpine grassline from the synthetic feature image. Validation against alpine grasslines visually interpreted from a large number of high‐spatial‐resolution images showed a high level of accuracy (R2, .99 and .98; mean absolute error, 22.6 and 36.2 m, vs. drone and PlanetScope images, respectively). Across the Tibetan Plateau, the alpine grassline elevation ranged from 4038 to 5380 m (5th–95th percentile), lower in the northeast and southeast and higher in the southwest. This study provides a method for remotely sensing alpine grasslines for the first‐time at large scale and lays a foundation for investigating their responses to climate change.
Application of a pattern‐based approach to histological diagnosis in very early onset IBD (VEO‐IBD) in a multicentric cohort of children with emphasis on monogenic disease with IBD‐like morphology
Authors: Parente Paola , Macciomei Maria C , Buccoliero Anna M , Santoro Luisa , Cafferata Barbara , Bifano Delfina , Ferro Jacopo , Vanoli Alessandro , Fassan Matteo , Angerilli Valentina , Alaggio Rita , Mastracci Luca , D'Armiento Maria , Grillo Federica , Francalanci Paola
Published: October 2023

Aims

Very early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO‐IBD) is a clinical umbrella term referring to IBD‐like symptoms arising in children before the age of 6 years, encompassing both ‘pure’ IBD, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and monogenic diseases (MDs), the latter often involving genes associated with primary immunodeficiencies. Moreover, histological features in gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies in MD can also have IBD‐like morphology, making differential diagnosis difficult. Correct diagnosis is fundamental, as MDs show a more severe clinical course and their inadequate/untimely recognition leads to inappropriate therapy.

Methods and results

Biopsy samples from the lower and upper GI tract of 93 clinically diagnosed VEO‐IBD children were retrospectively selected in a multicentre cohort and histologically re‐evaluated by 10 pathologists blinded to clinical information. Each case was classified according to morphological patterns, including UC‐like; CD‐like; enterocolitis‐like; apoptotic; eosinophil‐rich; and IBD‐unclassified (IBD‐U). Nine (69%) MD children showed IBD‐like morphology; only the IBD‐U pattern correlated with MD diagnosis (P = 0.02) (available in 64 cases: 51 non‐MD, true early‐onset IBD/other; 13 MD cases). MD patients showed earlier GI symptom onset (18.7 versus 26.9 months) and were sent to endoscopy earlier (22 versus 37 months), these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Upper GI histology was informative in 37 biopsies.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of the underlying cause of VEO‐IBD requires a multidisciplinary setting, and pathology, while being one of the fundamental puzzle pieces, is often difficult to interpret. A pattern‐based histological approach is therefore suggested, thus aiding the pathologist in VEO‐IBD reporting and multidisciplinary discussion.
Temporal and spatial changes in microbial communities and their correlation with volatile aroma compounds during the fermentation of Mucor racemosus sufu
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Feilong , Zeng Chuanli , Xi Xiaoli , Yao Ting , Yang Haiyan , Ma Yanli
Published: October 2023

Sufu, a traditional Chinese fermented soybean food, had its flavour and quality influenced by the specific strains and fermentation environment. To investigate how microbial community succession affects the volatile aroma substances of Mucor racemosus sufu during fermentation, the microbial community structure using high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) technology was analysed. Additionally, volatile flavour compounds using solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC–MS) were detected. Throughout the pre‐fermentation, salting, and post‐fermentation stages, the changes in the microbial communities over time and space due to environmental variations were observed. The colony compositions at the phylum and genus levels were also analysed. The results revealed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla in the final fermented product. Furthermore, several microorganisms associated with flavour substances were identified, such as Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Wescheria, Hyphomyces, Candida, and Pichia. These microorganisms primarily influenced the synthesis of alcohols and acids, contributing to the overall flavour profile of the sufu. In the analysis of the final product, it identified fifty‐four volatile flavour compounds, including alcohols, esters, phenolic acids, aldehydes, ketones, ether, alkenes, and other compounds. These findings have important implications for isolating specific strains, enhancing flavour, and providing a solid foundation for optimising and ensuring the quality of sufu.
The potential role of ferroptosis in the physiopathology of deep tissue injuries
Authors: Han Lin , Pei Juhong , Tao Hongxia , Guo Xiaojing , Wei Yuting , Yang Zhuang , Zhang Hongyan
Published: October 2023

Deep tissue injuries (DTIs) are a serious type of pressure injuries that mainly occur at the bony prominences and can develop rapidly, making prevention and treatment more difficult. Although consistent research efforts have been made over the years, the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the development of DTIs remain unclear. More recently, ferroptosis, a novel regulatory cell death (RCD) type, has been identified that is morphological, biochemical and genetic criteria distinct from apoptosis, autophagy and other known cell death pathways. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron overload, iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation and shrunken mitochondria. We also note that some of the pathological features of DTI are known to be key features of the ferroptosis pathway. Numerous studies have confirmed that ferroptosis may be involved in chronic wounds, including DTIs. Here, we elaborate on the basic pathological features of ferroptosis. We also present the evidence that ferroptosis is involved in the pathology of DTIs and highlight a future perspective on this emerging field, desiring to provide more possibilities for the prevention and treatment of DTIs.
Changing Leadership and Gender in Public Sector Organizations
Authors: Berg Elisabeth , Barry Jim , Chandler John
Published: October 2023

The aim of this paper is to examine the ways in which leadership at middle management level in the public realm is gendered. This is attempted largely through a consideration of academic literature, supported by some empirical findings from a research investigation into higher education and social work in Sweden and England and a review of literature that reveals varying types of leadership characterized as masculinist. Taking the position that context shapes social relationships and subject positions, and provides opportunities as well as constraints, we consider leadership in the public sector under the sway of new public management, framed by neo‐liberalism and the valorization of competition, self‐interested instrumentality, uncertainty and risk, operationalized in public sector organizations through performative regimes. It is argued that while some women and men are willing participants in the new regimes, others are antagonistic or ambivalent, finding themselves mired in neo‐bureaucratic processes of surveillance and control, often stuck in occupational cul‐de‐sacs. It is contended that neo‐liberalism and new public management are associated with masculinist forms of rationality that elevate individual winners and losers and divert attention from collective issues of gender. Rather than focus on gendered styles of leadership it is suggested that it is more important to look at their gendered performance and effects.
Promoting Scholarship that Matters: The Uselessness of Useful Research and the Usefulness of Useless Research
Authors: Learmonth Mark , Lockett Andy , Dowd Kevin
Published: October 2023

Our ambition in this essay is to challenge received wisdoms about the importance of ‘useful’ management scholarship. Suggesting that usefulness and uselessness are contingent on issues of temporality and power, we advocate caution in assigning terms such as useful and relevant – they are inherently problematic, we argue, and should be viewed more as ideology than as empirical statements. We conclude by a call for reflexivity about what it is we are doing when we do ‘useful’ research, along with a greater concern for the values for which business schools stand.
The Protection of Folklore in the Swakopmund Protocol Adopted by the ARIPO (African Regional Intellectual Property Organization)
Authors: Ngombe Laurier Y.
Published: October 2023

The African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation has adopted, on August 2010, one new protocol. This regional text is on the protection of folklore and TK (Traditional Knowledge). Concerning the expressions of foklore, several issues are included such as the ownership of transnational folklore or the distribution of “royalties”. The text is fundamentally inspired by rules relating to copyright law and consolidated by customary law rules.
A European Public Sphere United by Football: A Comparative Quantitative Text Analysis of German, Norwegian, Polish and Spanish Football Media
Authors: Biel Jonas , Finger Tobias , Niemann Arne , Reinke Vincent , Kossakowski Radosław , Jungblut Jens , Mańkowski Dobrosław , Llopis‐Goig Ramón
Published: October 2023

The ability of the European community to respond to the multiple crises threatening the European Union and Europe depends in part on citizens' shared European identity giving legitimacy and support to communal action. Men's elite European club football is an example of a cultural practice that is highly Europeanised, reaches diverse audiences and is a known carrier of collective identities. This article examines the emergence of a European public football sphere through the convergence of football coverage across national media spaces, serving as a foundation for European identity constructions. It connects the concept of a European public sphere to the Europeanisation and mediatisation of football and its potential effects on European identity formation. Results indicate a convergence of football coverage around high‐profile and high‐status aspects of European football, creating a strongly aligned, homogenous but exclusive European public football sphere that leaves many parts of Europe on the sidelines.
Sleepless on the road: Are mothers of infants with insomnia at risk for impaired driving?
Authors: Kahn Michal , Irwin Christopher , Pillion Meg , Whittall Hannah , Fitton Josh , Sprajcer Madeline , Gradisar Michael
Published: October 2023

Infant sleep problems have been associated with a myriad of adverse child and parent outcomes, yet whether these problems may pose a risk for parents on the road has received little research attention. This study sought to test whether mothers of infants with insomnia are at an elevated risk for vehicular crashes, by comparing their objectively measured driving performance with that of mothers of well‐sleeping infants and with that of women without children. Fifty‐four women from these three groups completed a simulated driving task. Outcome measures included standard deviation of lateral position, number of lane crossings, standard deviation of speed, average speed and maximum speed. Women additionally reported on their driving behaviour using the Driving Behaviour Questionnaire, and on sleep, sleepiness and insomnia symptoms using 7‐day sleep diaries and questionnaires. Mothers of infants with insomnia demonstrated greater lane deviation (Wald = 9.53, p = 0.009), higher maximum speed (Wald = 6.10, p = 0.04) and poorer self‐rated driving behaviour (Wald = 7.44, p = 0.02) compared with control groups. Analyses also indicated that driving performance in mothers of infants with insomnia tended to be poorer relative to control groups with the progression of time on task. While further research is needed to assess the scope of these effects, our findings suggest that parents, healthcare providers and policymakers should be aware of the potential consequences of infant sleep problems on road safety, and collaborate to establish strategies to mitigate these risks.
Steatotic liver disease is the most important somatic determinant of quality of life in patients with obesity: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wernberg Charlotte Wilhelmina , Kjer Mads Fallesen , Grønkjær Lea Ladegaard , Jacobsen Birgitte Gade , Lauridsen Mette Munk
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

Patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are often comorbid and stigmatized. This can negatively affect quality of life (QOL). Other studies have primarily used the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ), which focuses on liver‐related symptoms, to characterize QOL, but most MASLD patients have only mild liver disease, and CLDQ might overlook QOL issues pertaining to them. We aimed to determine the impact of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) on QOL in obese patients using a 136‐item generic QOL questionnaire.

Methods

We included participants with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 who all fully answered the sickness impact profile (SIP, range 0–100, normal = 3.4, 100 = worst) and had a liver biopsy to diagnose MASLD. Sociodemographics, comorbidity and biometric data were obtained from all participants.

Results

Of 176 (mean age 45.9 years, 70% female, 12.6 years of education), 132 had no‐MASH and 44 MASH. On stepwise multivariable regression analysis, divorce (p = .011), unemployment (p < .003) and hepatic steatosis (p = .01) were associated with poor overall QOL. No other somatic comorbidity was associated. MASH patients more frequently than no‐MASH reported physical discomfort (48% vs. 30%, p = .04), inability to do daily activities (29% vs. 54%, p = .006) and attention problems (32% vs. 57%, p = .003).

Conclusion

MASLD severity was the only somatic determinant of QOL in patients with obesity in this cohort, and a large fraction reported debilitating symptoms. Patients and caregivers should consider the limitations this poses when planning interventions.
Validity and predictability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit for delirium among critically ill patients in the intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yue , Diao Dongmei , Zhang Hao , Gao Yongli
Published: October 2023

Background

Delirium is the most common psychiatric diagnosis in the intensive care unit (ICU), and 55%‐80% of delirium cases are unrecognized and undocumented the most popular validated instruments available to diagnose delirium for critically ill patients are the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM‐ICU). [Correction added on 16 October 2024, after first online publication: The Background section in Abstract has been added in this version.]

Aim

To identify the validity and predictability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM‐ICU) for delirium in critically ill patients in the ICU.

Study Design

In this systematic review, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and MEDLINE databases were searched for observational studies investigating delirium screening tools for ICU patients. In the meta‐analysis, we combined the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve (AUC) of SROC to analysis the predictive value of CAM‐ICU.

Results

Twenty‐nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity values were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–0.87) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93–0.97), respectively. The AUC point estimate of the SROC curve was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94–0.97). Race (Asian or Others) could affect the pooled sensitivity and specificity, and the analysis method (Patient‐ or Scan‐based) and study design were not sources of heterogeneity for pooled sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions

The CAM‐ICU is a valid and reliable tool for delirium prediction among ICU patients. When introducing CAM‐ICU to assess delirium, it is necessary to localize its language and content to improve its predictive efficacy in different countries and different ethnic groups.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

In clinical practice, nurses can use CAM‐ICU to evaluate delirium in critically ill patients in ICU. However, it is necessary to debug the language and content according to the application population.
Early detection of ocular lesions in critically ill children: Testing an ocular assessment scale
Authors: Vilchez Beatriz , Manzanal Isabel , Marcos Marta , Camacho Verónica , González Isabel María , Laín Raquel , San‐Segundo Maria del Mar , Manrique Gema , González Rafael , López‐Herce Jesús
Published: October 2023

Background

There is scarcity of data on the incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of ocular lesions in critically ill children.

Aim

Test the applicability and utility of an ocular assessment scale and to identify risk factors of ocular lesions.

Study Design

Prospective observational study. A tertiary care medical‐surgical Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. 194 children without previous ocular disease who stayed in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit for more than 48 h. An ocular lesions risk scale was designed including risk factors lagophthalmos, eye dryness, conjunctival hyperemia, slow blinking, intubation, sedation, relaxation, face mask and hemodynamic instability. Patients were classified as high‐, medium‐, and low‐risk patients. Corneal lesions were examined by fluorescein staining according to their risk and were confirmed by an ophthalmologist.

Results

76 patients were examined with fluorescein staining. Thirty‐two ocular lesions were detected by nursing staff, 26 confirmed by the ophthalmologist. 53.6% of the high‐risk patients developed a corneal lesion. Univariate analysis revealed an association between ocular damage and all factors included in the scale, except for face mask. In the multivariate analysis, ocular lesions were associated with lagophthalmos, hyperemia, invasive mechanical ventilation and inotropic support.

Conclusions

The scale was useful to detect corneal lesions in critically ill children. The identification of risk factors will enable the development of measures to reduce the incidence of ocular lesions.

Relevance for Clinical Practice

A new, non‐validated scale allowed staff to detect eye injuries, study this problem and improve future prevention.
Development of pictogram‐based content of self‐management health information for Korean patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Choi Ja Yun , Ryu Eui Jeong , Jin Xin
Published: October 2023

Background

Adherence to self‐management greatly impacts patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, most patients with COPD have a limitation in understanding text‐based self‐management plans owing to low health literacy. Thus, strategies to improve self‐management in patients with COPD should be developed.

Objectives

This study aimed to develop pictogram‐based content comprising self‐management health information for patients with COPD.

Methods

Items for COPD self‐management health information were selected based on in‐depth interviews with patients and text network analysis conducted in our previous study and a systematic literature review to develop preliminary pictogram‐based content. Then, 30 patients with COPD and 10 healthcare professionals (HCPs) were recruited to evaluate the preliminary content using a client satisfaction questionnaire with a maximum score of 32.

Results

Content was developed with one item related to disease knowledge while the other 20 concerned self‐management. Patients (28.70 ± 2.94) and HCPs (27.40 ± 2.84) evaluated the content as high quality with adjustments made to increase the size of the letters and shorten the number of items for readability. Twenty‐one items were collated in the final booklet, while 14 of the 21 items were incorporated into a poster.

Conclusions

This study indicates that the pictogram‐based content was sufficiently well designed and received good evaluations from both patients with COPD and HCPs. Therefore, it may have prospects for enhancing self‐management in patients with COPD. However, the effect of the content on the outcomes of older patients with COPD and low health literacy will need to be validated in future research.
Next‐generation HLA sequencing reveals the novel HLA‐A*33:244 allele
Authors: Zhong Xian‐xin , Quan Zhan‐rou , Wu Wang‐da , Yuan Rui , Luo Sheng‐hua
Published: October 2023

The novel HLA‐A*33:244 allele contains a c.553G>A substitution in exon 3 compared with A*33:03:01:01.
Subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma: Morphological, immunophenotypical and clonality assessment in six cats
Authors: Roccabianca Paola , Dell'Aere Silvia , Avallone Giancarlo , Zamboni Clarissa , Bertazzolo Walter , Crippa Luca , Giudice Chiara , Caniatti Mario , Affolter Verena K.
Published: October 2023

Background

Primary cutaneous lymphoma represents 0.2%–3% of all feline lymphomas, with nonepitheliotropic lymphomas being the most common. In humans and dogs, subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a primary nonepitheliotropic lymphoma with a T‐cell phenotype developing in the subcutis and often mimicking inflammation.

Objective

The aim of this report is to describe pathological, phenotypical and clonal features of SPTCL in cats.

Animals

Six cats with SPTCL were included in this study.

Materials and Methods

Skin biopsies were formalin‐fixed, routinely processed and stained. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation for anti‐CD18, CD204, CD79a, CD20, CD3, FeLVp27and FeLVgp70 and clonality assessment were performed.

Results

Four male and two female domestic shorthair cats, mean age 11.2 years, developed SPTCL in the abdominal (three), inguinal (two) and thoracic (one) regions. Variably pleomorphic neoplastic lymphoid cells were present in the panniculus in percentages, expanding the septa (six of six) and extending into fat lobules in one of six cats. Tumours were associated with elevated numbers of neutrophils (five of six), lesser macrophages (six of six) and variable necrosis (six of six). Neoplastic cells expressed CD3+ (six of six), with clonal T‐cell receptor rearrangement detected in five of six cats.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

This is the first description of SPTCL in cats. Lesions can be confused with panniculitis, leading to delay in diagnosis and therapy. Awareness of this neoplastic disease is relevant to avoid misdiagnoses and to gain greater knowledge about the disease in cats.
Water-soluble bio-sourced resist interactions with fluorinated etching plasmas during the photolithography process
Authors: Durin Paule , Sysova Olha , Téolis Alexandre , Trombotto Stéphane , Hajjar-Garreau Samar , Delair Thierry , Servin Isabelle , Rochat Névine , Tiron Raluca , Gablin Corinne , Soppera Olivier , Benamrouche Aziz , Géhin Thomas , Léonard Didier , Leclercq Jean-Louis , Chevolot Yann
Published: October 2023

Lithography is one of the key steps in micro/nanofabrication, which involves the use of oil-based resists, organic solvents, and toxic chemicals. Nowadays, environmental issues and regulation have raised the need for developing greener materials and processes. Therefore, efforts have been devoted to developing greener resists, in particular, resists based on water-soluble bio-sourced polymers. Among these biopolymers, polysaccharides have gained a strong interest. However, their interaction with silica etching plasmas, in particular, fluorinated plasmas, remains scarcely studied and contradictory results are found in the literature. The present contribution reports on the study of the interaction of two chitosans exhibiting different degrees of N-acetylation with SF6/Ar and CHF3 etching plasmas. The surface modifications and in-depth modifications were studied with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle, and size-exclusion chromatography. The effect of neutrals, ions, and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) was considered. Our results suggest that the chitosan selectivity is greatly influenced by the deposition of a fluorocarbon film and that VUV seems to be involved in scissions of the polymer chains. No significant difference between the two chitosans was observed.
Hybrid genome assemblies of four Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
strains containing a complete locus of enterocyte effacement and an O-Island 122
Authors: McCarthy Siobhán C. , Macori Guerrino , Burgess Catherine M. , Duffy Geraldine , Fanning Séamus
Published: October 2023

This study describes the hybrid genome assemblies of four Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
strains isolated from the recto-anal junction of slaughter-age Irish sheep.
In silico
serotyping and genome analysis determined that each of the strains harbored a Shiga-toxin subtype, a complete locus of enterocyte effacement, and a rare O-island 122.
Draft genome sequence of probiotic bacterium
Lactobacillus fermentum
S2, isolated from raw cow milk
Authors: Bhattacharya Rajarshi , Mukhopadhyay Bidhan Chandra , Mishra Mirambika , Arukha Ananta Prasad , Mandal Sukhendu , Biswas Swadesh Ranjan
Published: October 2023

Lactobacillus fermentum
remains as potential probiotic bacterium that enhances immunological response, produces antimicrobials, acts as food preservative, and lowers blood cholesterol level. We report the draft genome of
Lactobacillus fermentum
S2 consisting of 1.97 Mb genome size, 52.27% G + C content, 3 rRNA genes, 51 tRNA genes, and 2,004 protein-coding sequences.
Draft genome assemblies of 12
Enterobacter hormaechei
strains isolated from the North West province of South Africa
Authors: Makhetha Lerato Lisbeth Njaki , Ntushelo Khayalethu , Mokolopi Baitsholetsi Gloria , Oguttu James Wabwire , Mbajiorgu Christian Anayochukwu , Makete Goitsemang , Mamphogoro Tshifhiwa Paris
Published: October 2023

We present draft genome sequences of 12
Enterobacter hormaechei
strains from feces isolated from cow rectums in the North West province, South Africa. The genome sizes ranged from 4.43 to 5.02Mb, with G + C contents of 55.5–56%, and contained 16–262 contigs. These data will contribute to our knowledge of the ecology and diversity of this species in South Africa.