bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycogen accumulation in adipocyte precursors from elderly and obese subjects triggers inflammation via SIRT1/6 signaling
Authors: Terrón‐Puig Margarida , Huber‐Ruano Isabel , Sabadell‐Basallote Joan , Ejarque Miriam , Núñez‐Roa Catalina , Maymó‐Masip Elsa , Jorba Rosa , Serena Carolina , Vendrell Joan , Fernández‐Veledo Sonia
Published: July 2022

Dysfunctional adipocyte precursors have emerged as key determinants for obesity‐ and aging‐related inflammation, but the mechanistic basis remains poorly understood. Here, we explored the dysfunctional adipose tissue of elderly and obese individuals focusing on the metabolic and inflammatory state of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hASCs), and on sirtuins, which link metabolism and inflammation. Both obesity and aging impaired the differentiation potential of hASCs but had a different impact on their proliferative capacity. hASCs from elderly individuals (≥65 years) showed an upregulation of glycolysis‐related genes, which was accompanied by increased lactate secretion and glycogen storage, a phenotype that was exaggerated by obesity. Multiplex protein profiling revealed that the metabolic switch to glycogenesis was associated with a pro‐inflammatory secretome concomitant with a decrease in the protein expression of SIRT1 and SIRT6. siRNA‐mediated knockdown of SIRT1 and SIRT6 in hASCs from lean adults increased the expression of pro‐inflammatory and glycolysis‐related markers, and enforced glycogen deposition by overexpression of protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) led to a downregulation of SIRT1/6 protein levels, mimicking the inflammatory state of hASCs from elderly subjects. Overall, our data point to a glycogen‐SIRT1/6 signaling axis as a driver of age‐related inflammation in adipocyte precursors.
Integration analyses of structural variations and differential gene expression associated with beef fatty acid profile in Nellore cattle
Authors: Berton Mariana Piatto , de Lemos Marcos Vinícius Antunes , Stafuzza Nedenia Bonvino , Simielli Fonseca Larissa Fernanda , Silva Danielly Beraldo dos Santos , Peripolli Elisa , Pereira Angélica S. C. , Magalhães Ana Fabricia Braga , Albuquerque Lucia G. , Baldi Fernando
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to integrate analyses of structural variations and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the beef fatty acid (FA) profile in Nellore cattle. Copy numbers variation (CNV) detection was performed using the penncnv algorithm and CNVRuler software in 3794 genotyped animals through the High‐Density Bovine BeadChip. In order to perform the genomic wide association study (GWAS), a total of 963 genotyped animals were selected to obtain the intramuscular lipid concentration and quantify the beef FA profile. A total of 48 animals belonging to the same farm and management lot were extracted from the 963 genotyped and phenotyped animals to carry out the transcriptomic and differentially expressed gene analyses. The GWAS with extreme groups of FA profiles was performed using a logistic model. A total of 43, 42, 66 and 35 significant CNV regions (p < 0.05) for saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and omega 3 and 6 fatty acids were identified respectively. The paired‐end sequencing of 48 samples was performed using the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. Real‐time quantitative PCR was used to validate the DEGs identified by RNA‐seq analysis. The results showed several DEGs associated with the FA profile of Longissimus thoracis, such as BSCL2 and SAMD8. Enriched terms as the cellular response to corticosteroid (GO:0071384) and glucocorticoid stimulus (GO:0071385) could be highlighted. The identification of structural variations harboring candidate genes for beef FA must contribute to the elucidation of the genetic basis that determines the beef FA composition of intramuscular fat in Nellore cattle. Our results will contribute to the identification of potential biomarkers for complex phenotypes, such as the FA profile, to improve the reliability of the genomic predictions including pre‐selected variants using differentiated weighting in the genomic models.
Transmembranous and enchondral osteogenesis in transplants of rat limb buds cultivated in serum‐ and protein‐free culture medium
Authors: Himelreich Perić Marta , Mužić‐Radović Vedrana , Marić Tihana , Bulić‐Jakuš Floriana , Jurić‐Lekić Gordana , Takahashi Marta , Sinčić Nino , Ježek Davor , Katušić‐Bojanac Ana
Published: July 2022

Cartilage differentiates in rat limb buds cultivated in a chemically defined protein‐free medium in the same manner as in the richer serum‐supplemented medium. We aimed to investigate the remaining differentiation potential of pre‐cultivated limb buds by subsequent transplantation in vivo. Rat front (FLBs) and hind‐limb buds (HLBs) were isolated from Fischer rat dams at the 14th gestation day (GD 14) and cultivated at the air‐liquid interface in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) alone; with 5 μM of 5‐azacytidine (5azaC) or with rat serum (1:1). Overall growth was measured seven times during the culture by an ocular micrometre. After 14 days, explants were transplanted under the kidney capsule of adult males. Growth of limb buds was significantly lower in all limb buds cultivated in MEM than in those cultivated with serum. In MEM with 5azaC, growth of LBs was significantly lower only on day 3 of culture. Afterwards, it was higher throughout the culture period, although a statistically significant difference was assessed only for HLBs. In transplants, mixed structures developed with the differentiated transmembranous bone, cartilage with enchondral ossification, bone‐marrow, sebaceous gland, and hair that have never been found in vitro. Nerves differentiated only in transplants precultivated in the serum‐supplemented medium. We conclude that pre‐cultivation of LBs in a chemically defined protein‐free medium does not restrict osteogenesis and formation of epidermal appendages but is restrictive for neural tissue. These results are important for understanding limb development and regenerative medicine strategies.
Fracture liaison service utilising an emergency department information system to identify patients effectively reduce re‐fracture rate is cost‐effective and cost saving in Western Australia
Authors: Inderjeeth Charles A. , Raymond Warren D. , Geelhoed Elizabeth , Briggs Andrew M. , Oldham David , Mountain David
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To assess the benefits of the Emergency Department Information System (EDIS)‐linked fracture liaison service (FLS).

Methods

Patients identified through EDIS were invited to attend an FLS at the intervention hospital, the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (SCGS‐FLS). The intervention group was compared to usual care. Retrospective control (RC) at this hospital determined historical fracture risk (SCGH‐RC). Prospective control (PC) was from a comparator, Fremantle Hospital (FH‐PC). The main outcome measures were cost‐effectiveness from a health system perspective and quality of life by EuroQOL (EQ‐5D). Bottom‐up cost of medical care, against the cost of managing recurrent fracture (weighted basket), was determined from the literature and 2013/14 Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (AR‐DRG) prices. Mean incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were simulated from 5000 bootstrap iterations. Cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves were generated.

Results

The SCGH‐FLS program reduced absolute re‐fracture rates versus control cohorts (9.2–10.2%), producing an estimated cost saving of AUD$750,168–AUD$810,400 per 1000 patient‐years in the first year. Between‐groups QALYs differed with worse outcomes in both control groups (p < 0.001).

The SCGH‐FLS compared with SCGH‐RC and FH‐PC had a mean incremental cost of $8721 (95% CI −$1218, $35,044) and $8974 (95% CI −$26,701, $69,929), respectively, per 1% reduction in 12‐month recurrent fracture risk. The SCGH‐FLS compared with SCGH‐RC and FH‐PC had a mean incremental cost of $292 (95% CI −$3588, $3380) and −$261 (95% CI −$1521, $471) per EQ‐5D QALY gained at 12 months respectively. With societal willingness to pay of $16,000, recurrent fracture is reduced by 1% in >80% of patients.

Conclusions

This simple and easy model of identification and intervention demonstrated efficacy in reducing rates of recurrent fracture and was cost‐effective and potentially cost saving.
Current clinical practice in corneal crosslinking for treatment of progressive keratoconus in four Nordic countries
Authors: Gustafsson Ingemar , Vicente André , Bergström Anders , Stenevi Ulf , Ivarsen Anders , Hjortdal Jesper Østergaard
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To evaluate clinical practice in the diagnosis and treatment of progressive keratoconus with corneal crosslinking (CXL) in four Nordic countries.

Methods

A questionnaire was sent to all centres at which keratoconus patients are evaluated and CXL is performed in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Iceland. Nineteen of 20 centres participated.

Results

CXL is performed approximately 1300 times per year in these four Nordic countries with a population of around 21.7 million (2019). In most cases, progression is evaluated using the Pentacam HR, and the maximum keratometry reading (Kmax) is considered the most important parameter. The most frequently used treatment protocol in Scandinavia is the 9 mW/cm2 epi‐off protocol, using hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose riboflavin (HPMC‐riboflavin). The participants deemed the following areas to be in most need of improvement: adaptation of the CXL protocol to individual patients (5/19), the development of effective epi‐on treatment protocols (4/19), optimal performance of CXL in thin corneas (4/19), improvement of the definition of progression (2/19), and diagnosis of the need for re‐treatment (2/19).

Conclusions

We concluded that the diagnosis of progressive keratoconus and the diagnostic equipment used are similar. Treatment strategies are also similar but are suitably different to provide an interesting basis for the comparison of treatment outcomes. The high degree of participation in this survey indicates the possibility of future scientific collaboration on CXL focusing on the areas deemed to need improvement. It would also be of interest to evaluate the possibility of creating a Nordic CXL Registry. The high number of CXL treatments performed ensures sufficient statistical power to solve many questions. Such a registry could be an important contribution to evidence‐based care and would allow for longitudinal evaluation.
Review article: Becoming and being coeliac—special considerations for childhood, adolescence and beyond
Authors: Chang Denis , O’Shea Delia , Therrien Amelie , Silvester Jocelyn A.
Published: July 2022

Classically considered a disease of early childhood characterised by malabsorption and failure to thrive, coeliac disease is now recognised to arise in genetically susceptible individuals at any age. Although permissive HLA genotypes are the strongest predictor of coeliac disease, they are not sufficient. Several prospective cohort studies enrolling genetically at‐risk infants have investigated the role of potential triggers of coeliac disease autoimmunity, such as timing of gluten introduction, viral infections and dietary patterns. Much less is known about triggers of coeliac disease in adulthood. Better understanding of factors leading to coeliac disease may be helpful in the management of those with potential coeliac disease (elevated serum celiac antibodies without villous atrophy in the small intestine), many of whom initiate a gluten‐free diet without demonstration of villous atrophy. There are a range of clinical presentations of celiac disease in childhood and patterns of coeliac serology, including fluctuation and spontaneous reversion on a gluten‐containing diet, vary. There is a current debate over best strategies to manage adults and children with potential coeliac disease to avoid over‐treatment and under‐treatment. Childhood and adolescence carry unique issues pertaining to the diagnosis and management of coeliac disease, and include nutrition and growth, rescreening, repeat biopsy, dietary adherence concerns and transition to adult care. In conclusion, while coeliac disease has similar pathogenesis and general clinical manifestations in paediatric and adult populations, diagnostic and management approaches need to adapt to the developmental stages.
Production centers of cooking pots in Iron Age Judah
Authors: Ben‐Shlomo David , Bouzaglou Liora , Mommsen Hans , Sterba Johannes H.
Published: July 2022

This paper will present and discuss a multifaceted research project dealing with the production of cooking pots during the Iron Age II (ca. 1,000–586 BCE) Judah (modern Israel). In particular the new compositional analysis of 541 cooking vessels from 11 sites in Iron Age Judah will be presented. The study employs petrographic and chemical (NAA) analysis. The results of this ongoing research have already produced interesting information about production centers and movements of cooking pots in Iron Age II Judah. Apparently, the vast majority of the cooking pots sampled were made of a similar type of clay, related to terra rossa soil. This is true also for sites in the northern Negev and Judean Desert, where the type of soil was not available in the region of the sites. Furthermore, many of the cooking pots distributed around Judah were made in Jerusalem according to a well‐located chemical profile (JleB). Other groups may represent Judean Shephelah production centers as the Lachish area as well as production centers in southern Israel or ancient Edom. The implications of the importation patterns of cooking pots by peripheral Judean sites will be discussed.
Amiodarone/N‐desethylamiodarone population pharmacokinetics in paediatric patients
Authors: Lehnert Amélia , Foissac Frantz , Bouazza Naïm , Urien Saïk , Oualha Mehdi , Renolleau Sylvain , Barbanti Claudio , Di Marzio Anna , Bonnet Damien , Abdalla Seef , Zheng Yi , Treluyer Jean‐Marc
Published: July 2022

The population pharmacokinetics of amiodarone and its active metabolite, N‐desethylamiodarone (DEA) were investigated in paediatric patients with arrhythmias, mainly supraventricular tachycardias. A total of 55 patients from the Department of Pediatric Intensive Care and Pediatric Cardiology at Necker‐Enfants malades Hospital (Paris, France) provided 72 concentrations for both amiodarone and DEA following repeated oral or intravenous administration. Blood samples drawn for biological analyses were used for drug concentrations. Plasma amiodarone concentrations were measured by a liquid chromatography method coupled with mass spectrometry and the data were modelled using the software Monolix 2019R2. Parent pharmacokinetics was described with a 2‐compartment open model and the metabolite formation was connected to the central parent compartment. Parameter estimates scaled allometrically on bodyweight (normalized to 70 kg) were, respectively (% relative standard errors, RSEs), 6.32 (31%) and 7.14 L/h (26%) for elimination (CL) and intercompartmental clearances and 167 (31%) and 3930 (32%) L for V1 and V2. Oral bioavailability was 0.362 (21.5%). The clearance between subject variability (ω, square root of the variance) was 0.462 (RSE 21%). The proportional residual variabilities were respectively 0.453 (RSE 13%) and 0.423 (RSE 12%) for amiodarone and DEA respectively. The terminal half‐lives were 34 and 14.5 days for amiodarone and DEA, respectively. A dosage schedule was established for 3 weight bands in 2 time periods. The high pharmacokinetic variability suggests that therapeutic drug monitoring might be useful to improve individual efficacy and safety.
Molecular landscape of IDH‐wild type, pTERT‐wild type adult glioblastomas
Authors: Liu Emma Munan , Shi Zhi‐Feng , Li Kay Ka‐Wai , Malta Tathiane M. , Chung Nellie Yuk‐Fei , Chen Hong , Chan Janice Yuen‐Tung , Poon Manix Fung‐Man , Kwan Johnny Sheung‐Him , Chan Danny Tat‐Ming , Noushmehr Houtan , Mao Ying , Ng Ho‐Keung
Published: July 2022

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter (pTERT) mutation has often been described as a late event in gliomagenesis and it has been suggested as a prognostic biomarker in gliomas other than 1p19q codeleted tumors. However, the characteristics of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type (wt) (IDHwt), pTERTwt glioblastomas are not well known. We recruited 72 adult IDHwt, pTERTwt glioblastomas and performed methylation profiling, targeted sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for TERT structural rearrangement and ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres). There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between our cohort and a the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of IDHwt, pTERT mutant (mut) glioblastomas, suggesting that pTERT mutation on its own is not a prognostic factor among IDHwt glioblastomas. Epigenetically, the tumors clustered into classic‐like (11%), mesenchymal‐like (32%), and LGm6‐glioblastoma (GBM) (57%), the latter far exceeding the corresponding proportion seen in the TCGA cohort of IDHwt, pTERTmut glioblastomas. LGm6‐GBM‐clustered tumors were enriched for platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) amplification or mutation (p = 0.008), and contained far fewer epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification (p < 0.01), 10p loss (p = 0.001) and 10q loss (p < 0.001) compared with cases not clustered to this group. LGm6‐GBM cases predominantly showed ALT (p = 0.038). In the whole cohort, only 35% cases showed EGFR amplification and no case showed combined chromosome +7/−10. Since the cases were already pTERTwt, so the three molecular properties of EGFR amplification, +7/−10, and pTERT mutation may not cover all IDHwt glioblastomas. Instead, EGFR and PDGFRA amplifications covered 67% and together with their mutations covered 71% of cases of this cohort. Homozygous deletion of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A)/B was associated with a worse OS (p = 0.031) and was an independent prognosticator in multivariate analysis (p = 0.032). In conclusion, adult IDHwt, pTERTwt glioblastomas show epigenetic clustering different from IDHwt, pTERTmut glioblastomas, and IDHwt glioblastomas which are pTERTwt may however not show EGFR amplification or +7/−10 in a significant proportion of cases. CDKN2A/B deletion is a poor prognostic biomarker in this group.
Challenging assumptions of sediment routing in retroarc foreland basins: Detrital zircon evidence for axial versus transverse drainages in the Late Cretaceous of southern Utah, USA
Authors: St. Pierre Gabriela A. Enriquez , Johnson Cari L.
Published: July 2022

Depositional models for retroarc foreland basin systems commonly imply a direct link between thrust belt dynamics and sediment supply, despite documented complexity between orogen‐transverse and orogen‐parallel (axial) sediment routing systems. Previous detrital zircon provenance studies from the Straight Cliffs Formation in the Kaiparowits Plateau of southern Utah indicate primary axial source areas to the south (Mogollon Highlands), and southwest (Cordilleran magmatic arc), with relatively minor transverse input from the Sevier fold‐thrust belt to the west. Complementary data from 32 new samples are presented to investigate whether these trends persist in correlated strata from sections most proximal to the active fold‐thrust belt, as well as strata proximal to the Mogollon Highlands. This study aims to improve statistical robustness through higher‐n datasets (>300 analyses/sample) and addresses the possibility of recycling of zircon grains from strata in the exhumed Sevier fold‐thrust belt. Based on this provenance dataset, we infer that orogen‐transverse deposition was mainly limited to the most proximal sections (within ca. 75 km of the fold‐thrust belt), but included episodic distribution across the foredeep that was associated with distinct intervals of widespread amalgamated sand and gravel sheet deposits. In contrast, more distal parts of the foredeep record long‐distance fluvial transport (>400 km) of zircons from the active Cordilleran magmatic arc as well as Yavapai‐Mazatzal basement rocks in central Arizona (the Mogollon Highlands). Palaeogeographic reconstructions suggest the apex of a large basin‐axial fluvial system may have been located at the structural syntaxis between the Sevier fold‐thrust belt and western margin of the Mogollon Highlands. This interpretation is supported by detrital zircon data presented here, thus extending the possibility that the Palaeogene ‘California River’ may have existed by at least Late Cretaceous time. Ultimately, these data point to extrabasinal controls on sediment supply, which was largely decoupled from flexural accommodation controls in this archetype retroarc foreland basin.
Digital self‐harm and suicidality among adolescents
Authors: Patchin Justin W. , Hinduja Sameer , Meldrum Ryan C.
Published: July 2022

Background

Research on digital self‐harm – the anonymous online posting, sending, or otherwise sharing of hurtful content about oneself – is still in its infancy. Yet unexplored is whether digital self‐harm is related to suicidal ideation or suicide attempts.

Methods

In the current study, survey data were collected in 2019 from a national sample of 4972 American middle and high school students (Mage = 14.5; 50% female). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether lifetime engagement in two different indicators of digital self‐harm was associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts within the past year.

Results

Logistic regression analysis showed that engagement in digital self‐harm was associated with a five‐ to sevenfold increase in the likelihood of reporting suicidal thoughts and a nine‐ to 15‐fold increase in the likelihood of a suicide attempt.

Conclusions

Results suggest a connection between digital self‐harm and suicidality. As such, health professionals must screen for digital self‐harm to address underlying mental health problems among youth that may occur prior to or alongside suicidality, and parents/caregivers must convey to children that they are available to dialog, support, and assist with the root issues that may eventually manifest as digital self‐harm.
Examining academic self‐concept as a mediator of the relationship between anxiety and depression: A longitudinal study
Authors: Morales Alexandra , Rodríguez‐Menchón Miriam , Espada José P. , Orgilés Mireia
Published: July 2022

Background

Self‐concept plays a role as a mediator in the development and maintenance of internalizing symptoms but mechanisms through which the early presence of anxiety symptoms is associated with the subsequent development of depression is unknown. The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyze the mediating role of different areas of self‐concept in the relationship between the early development of anxiety symptoms and the later appearance of depressive symptoms.

Methods

A longitudinal study with 3 time‐points was conducted, including baseline, 2 months and 12 months from the baseline assessment. A total of 217 children aged 8–12 years participated. Mediation analyses were conducted using PROCESS Macro for SPSS.

Results

Academic self‐concept (Time 2) mediated the relationship between Anxiety (Time 1) and Depression (Time 3) when controlling for children's sex and, age, baseline value of the mediator, anxiety (at Times 2 and 3), and depression (at Times 1 and 2). Children with self‐reports of higher anxiety symptoms (Time 1) presented lower Academic self‐concept (Time 2). Children who reported lower levels of Academic self‐concept and Family self‐concept (Time 2) were more likely to develop depressive symptoms (Time 3).

Conclusions

Feeling competent in the school environment may be considered a protective factor against the development of depression in childhood. The identification of risk factors facilitates the development and implementation of preventive programs.
The promise and purpose of early care and education
Authors: Burchinal Margaret , Whitaker Anamarie A. , Jenkins Jade Marcus
Published: July 2022

Early care and education (ECE) evolved around two goals: allowing parents of young children to work (the purpose) and promoting early childhood development (the promise). An extensive body of research has examined how ECE promotes child development. A much sparser body of research has studied how ECE access affects families' economic and psychological well‐being, particularly from a developmental perspective. These imbalanced literatures have created an incomplete picture of the role of ECE in developmental science, and this gap in knowledge limits the extent to which both the purpose and the promise of ECE can be fulfilled. In this article, we argue that developmental researchers should pay more attention to the parent and family outcomes, processes, and mechanisms that depend on stable, high‐quality care (the purpose), and how these downstream cascades influence child development in the short and long term (the promise). While these issues are international, in this article, we focus on the development of and research on ECE in the United States to illustrate how the focus on both the purpose and promise of ECE could expand policies and research in the area.
Children's outdoor activities in the inner suburbs of Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Osborne Linda P.
Published: July 2022

To examine the impact of residential design on children's out‐of‐school, outdoor activities, 149 urban, upper‐primary‐school children were surveyed about their activities and opinions. Findings indicate children participate in outdoor activities unsupervised in yards that provide busy families quick, convenient access to safe greenspace without the need to drive or closely supervise. The research concluded that government policies are required to ensure residential developments provide yards with usable greenspace, leafy streetscapes and safe, walkable access to local facilities. Increased public awareness and understanding of the benefits of greenspace close to home and the importance of children's independent mobility must be prioritised.
Immediate implant placement utilizing vestibular socket therapy versus early implant placement with contour augmentation for rehabilitation of compromised extraction sockets in the esthetic zone: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: ElAskary Abdelsalam , Elfana Ahmed , Meabed Moatez , Abd‐ElWahab Radi Iman , Akram Mahmoud , Fawzy El‐Sayed Karim
Published: July 2022

Objective

The present randomized controlled trial compares for the first time the vestibular socket therapy (VST) to the contour augmentation technique in the management of compromised fresh extraction sockets in the maxillary esthetic zone, regarding mid‐facial soft tissue changes (primary outcome), mesial and distal papillae dimensions, horizontal soft tissue changes and labial bone plate thickness at apical, middle and coronal levels (secondary outcomes) over 1‐year.

Materials and Methods

Forty participants with single nonrestorable maxillary teeth in the esthetic zone were randomized into two groups; VST (test; n = 20) utilizing vestibular access for guided bone regeneration (GBR) with immediate implant placement, or contour augmentation (control; n = 20) undergoing an initial healing period followed by implant placement with GBR through a conventional access flap.

Results

All implants were successfully osseo‐integrated, except for one implant in the test group. VST showed significantly less mid‐facial soft tissue changes of −0.53 ± 1.17 mm versus −1.87 ± 0.69 mm in the control group (p < 0.001). Similarly, changes in mesial papilla (test = −0.64 ± 0.95 mm, control = −1.20 ± 0.81 mm), distal papilla (test = −0.56 ± 1.17 mm, control = −1.26 ± 0.63 mm), horizontal soft‐tissue (test = −0.82 ± 0.95 mm, control = −1.84 ± 0.88 mm; p < 0.05) were significantly less in VST. Intra‐group comparisons demonstrated a significant increase in labial bone thickness, with no differences between groups. Regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between VST as well as increased coronal bone thickness with the reduction in mid‐facial soft‐tissue changes.

Conclusion

The VST showed less soft‐tissue changes and could represent an innovative technique for implant placement in the maxillary esthetic zone. Both techniques showed a high implant survival rate and increased bone thickness after 12 months.
Isocyanates may contribute to allergic contact dermatitis from diabetes devices and wound dressings
Authors: Dendooven Ella , Foubert Kenn , Naessens Tania , Pieters Luc , Lambert Julien , Aerts Olivier
Published: July 2022

Background

Isocyanates are well‐known occupational allergens, but can also be present in medical devices.

Objectives

To highlight that contact sensitization to isocyanates might contribute to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from polyurethane (PU)‐containing diabetes devices and wound dressings.

Patients and Methods

Nineteen patients with suspected ACD from diabetes devices and/or wound dressings were patch tested to an isocyanate series. Four wound dressings, six diabetes devices and four monomeric isocyanate patch test preparations were analysed with gas chromatography – mass spectrometry.

Results

Eight patients reacted to isocyanates and corresponding amines: 3 to isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 4 to 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), 4 to 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 1 to polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI). Three of four wound dressings contained isocyanates (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate [MDI], TDI and/or IPDI), whereas five of six diabetes devices contained 4,4′‐MDI, and one of them also IPDI. None of the medical devices contained 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate. Contrary to IPDI, and especially MDI, only the concentration of the TDI patch test preparation corresponded approximately (80%) to its label.

Conclusion

Patch tests with isocyanates may be worth‐while in patients with suspected ACD from PU‐containing medical devices. Besides MDA, and PMDI, also TDI might potentially be a marker for MDI‐sensitization.
Two thirds of species in a global shark fin trade hub are threatened with extinction: Conservation potential of international trade regulations for coastal sharks
Authors: Cardeñosa Diego , Shea Stanley K. , Zhang Huarong , Fischer Gunter A. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Chapman Demian D.
Published: July 2022

One third of chondrichthyan species (sharks, rays, and chimeras) are threatened with extinction, mainly due to unsustainable fishing. Large accessible international markets for meat and luxury products like dried fins can help drive overfishing by encouraging targeted capture or retention of high‐value export species. If this is common, then species in international trade could have heightened extinction risk. Here, we examined the species composition of the Hong Kong shark fin market from 2014 to 2018, finding that traded species disproportionately occur in threatened categories (70.9%) and all premium value species are threatened. A small number of cosmopolitan species dominate the trade, but noncosmopolitan coastal species are still traded at concerning levels given their limited distribution. These coastal species are not generally subject to retention prohibitions, fisheries management, or international trade regulations and without management many could become extinct. The conservation potential of international trade regulations alone for coastal chondrichthyans depends on the extent to which overfishing is driven by export markets; socioeconomic studies of coastal fishing communities are needed to make this determination. Nonetheless, adding international trade regulations for more coastal shark species that are in the fin trade could prompt broad engagement with overfishing in nations lacking effective management.
An insight into planarian regeneration
Authors: Ge Xin‐Yang , Han Xiao , Zhao Yong‐Liang , Cui Guan‐Shen , Yang Yun‐Gui
Published: July 2022

Background

Planarian has attracted increasing attentions in the regeneration field for its usefulness as an important biological model organism attributing to its strong regeneration ability. Both the complexity of multiple regulatory networks and their coordinate functions contribute to the maintenance of normal cellular homeostasis and the process of regeneration in planarian. The polarity, size, location and number of regeneration tissues are regulated by diverse mechanisms. In this review we summarize the recent advances about the importance genetic and molecular mechanisms for regeneration control on various tissues in planarian.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search of original articles published in recent years was performed in regards to the molecular mechanism of each cell types during the planarian regeneration, including neoblast, nerve system, eye spot, excretory system and epidermal.

Results

Available molecular mechanisms gave us an overview of regeneration process in every tissue. The sense of injuries and initiation of regeneration is regulated by diverse genes like follistatin and ERK signaling. The Neoblasts differentiate into tissue progenitors under the regulation of genes such as egfr‐3. The regeneration polarity is controlled by Wnt pathway, BMP pathway and bioelectric signals. The neoblast within the blastema differentiate into desired cell types and regenerate the missing tissues. Those tissue specific genes regulate the tissue progenitor cells to differentiate into desired cell types to complete the regeneration process.

Conclusion

All tissue types in planarian participate in the regeneration process regulated by distinct molecular factors and cellular signaling pathways. The neoblasts play vital roles in tissue regeneration and morphology maintenance. These studies provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms for regulating planarian regeneration.
Administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide improves oocyte quality of obese mice
Authors: Wang Luyao , Chen Yurong , Wei Jiarui , Guo Fucheng , Li Leyi , Han Zhen , Wang Zhengzhu , Zhu Haibo , Zhang Xiaoling , Li Ziyi , Dai Xiangpeng
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Obesity has become a common health concern around the world. Maternal obesity could cause poor reproductive outcomes due to chronic ovarian inflammation and decreased oocyte quality. However, the strategies to improve the poor reproductive outcomes of obese females have not been fully studied. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oocyte quality and reproductive performance of obese mice.

Materials and Methods

The obese mouse model was established by feeding high‐fat diet which was confirmed by body weight record, fasting blood glucose test and oral glucose tolerance test. The expression of ovary development related genes and inflammation related genes, including Lhx8, Bmp4, Adgre1, Ccl2, TNF‐α, Gal‐3, Clec10a and IL‐10 in ovaries and the expression of Bax and Sod1 in oocytes were detected using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR). The adipose size of abdominal fat tissue was determined with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure the ROS level, spindle/chromosome structure, mitochondrial function, actin dynamics and DNA damage of oocytes.

Results

The administration of NMN restored ovarian weight and reduced the adipose size of abdominal fat tissue and ovarian inflammation in high fat diet (HFD) mice. Furthermore, NMN treatment improved the oocytes quality partially by restoring the mitochondrial function and actin dynamics, reducing meiotic defects, DNA damage and ROS level and lipid droplet distribution of oocytes in HFD mice. On the long‐term effect, NMN restored offspring body weight of HFD mice.

Conclusion

NMN could improve the oocyte quality of HFD‐induced obese mice.
The role of the Wnt signalling pathway in the energy metabolism of bone remodelling
Authors: Zhu Mengyuan , Fan Zhipeng
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Bone remodelling is necessary to repair old and impaired bone caused by aging and its effects. Injury in the process of bone remodelling generally leads to the development of various bone diseases. Energy metabolism plays crucial roles in bone cell formation and function, the disorder of which will disrupt the balance between bone formation and bone resorption.

Materials and Methods

Here, we review the intrinsic interactions between bone remodelling and energy metabolism and the role of the Wnt signalling pathway.

Results

We found a close interplay between metabolic pathways and bone homeostasis, demonstrating that bone plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance. We also discovered that Wnt signalling is associated with multiple biological processes regulating energy metabolism in bone cells.

Conclusions

Thus, targeted regulation of Wnt signalling and the recovery of the energy metabolism function of bone cells are key means for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
Counter‐mapping Heritage: Memory and Significance in Places of Racialised Land Dispossession: The Case of Lower Claremont, Cape Town
Authors: Stewart Maurietta
Published: July 2022

In this study I investigate the use of counter‐mapping methodologies to identify memories and significance in landscapes of racialised dispossession in the city of Cape Town. I use oral history, a go‐along or walking interview and focus group workshop to test the counter‐mapping process. In doing so I trace the historical process of land and housing loss under apartheid as an extension of colonialism and its modernist project of racial separation, and the effects and affects on those dispossessed into the post‐apartheid period. I critically assess the official frameworks of heritage resource management, especially in the post‐apartheid period, which have continued to focus on the built environment and aesthetics, despite official attempts to incorporate consultation of communities, stakeholders and their values. I do so in order to highlight the need for transformation and inclusion in current heritage practice in order to address disparities in the practice. Counter‐mapping methodologies are presented in the research as potential tools to address these contentious practices. These contentions intersect strongly in areas included in the Heritage Protection Overlay Zoning (HPOZ) in the City of Cape Town.1 The research shows that the HPOZ is geared towards managing the built environment and give attention to contextual development issues. It is however, not able to deal with memories and intangible values of the dispossessed in places where it intersects with land dispossession. The study also presents how research participants understand their heritage, which at times strengthens the official framework, and at other times stands in opposition to and in contrast to the official framework. These significances are mapped using counter‐mapping methodologies. The study concludes that counter‐mapping methodologies are able to represent memory and intangible significance in places of racialised land dispossession, and that the methodologies have multiple uses for varying settings and purposes, which speak to a modernist vision in post‐apartheid's constitutional democracy that fulfills the promise of fairness and justice.
Heritage as Restitution: The Dadaab Refugee Camps, Kenya
Authors: Siddiqi Anooradha Iyer
Published: July 2022

Recognizing architectures of unelected migration as sites of modern history and heritage not only expands the consideration of modernities in Africa but also constitutes a form of restitution to those who have fled insecurity and violence imposed by others. In this paper and pictorial presentation based on 12 years of archival and on‐site research, I argue that the Dadaab refugee camps and their inhabitation of the Kenya‐Somalia borderland may be understood and valued for a long history as well as a recent materiality, which has taken form in architecture, spatial practices, and territorial construction. Rather than accepting the relegation of refugee architecture to policy studies or the applied social sciences, which privilege the logics of emergency and an epistemology of the security state over knowledge stemming from people's migratory lives, this paper takes seriously the paradoxes of Dadaab as a heritage site. At Dadaab, the Kenyan government and UNHCR established relief operations in a region inscribed with colonial and postcolonial frontiers and wars, carrying a memory of detention and an imaginary of a borderland. These modern historical forces are reiterated in humanitarian settlements holding half a million registered refugees and unregistered migrants, enacting confinement in architectures figured as much by the visual frailty of dwellings dusted red by the wind and clad in recovered textile fragments as by a spectacular array of satellite dishes, aeronautic fleets on tarmac, aluminum and polyvinyl chloride water storage towers, and hydraulic extraction machinery penetrating a Jurassic‐era aquifer. These architectures signal transience even if anchored in the earth and sky, part of an ecology that once supported pastoralists and now undergirds another migratory world. My pictorially oriented paper uses these historical and aesthetic paradoxes to argue for this complex African heritage site, and with it, restitution of a fraught landscape of migration through a meaningful reconsideration of modern heritage.
Self‐regulation and frontal EEG alpha activity during infancy and early childhood: A multilevel meta‐analysis
Authors: Hofstee Marissa , Huijding Jorg , Cuevas Kimberly , Deković Maja
Published: July 2022

Integrating behavioral and neurophysiological measures has created new and advanced ways to understand the development of self‐regulation. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to examine how self‐regulatory processes are related to frontal alpha power during infancy and early childhood. However, findings across previous studies have been inconsistent. To address this issue, the current meta‐analysis synthesized all prior literature examining associations between individual differences in self‐regulation and frontal EEG alpha power (baseline and/or task). In total, 23 studies consisting of 1275 participants between 1 month and 6 years of age were included, which yielded 149 effect sizes. Findings of the three‐level meta‐analytic model demonstrated a non‐significant overall association between self‐regulation and frontal alpha power. Yet, significant moderating effects were found for self‐regulation construct (emotion regulation, effortful control, executive function), self‐regulation measurement (behavioral task, computer assessment, lab observation, questionnaire), and children's mean age. Self‐regulation was only significantly correlated with frontal alpha power when studies focused on the executive functioning construct. Moreover, the use of behavioral tasks or questionnaires and a higher mean age of the children resulted in small but significant effect size estimates. Higher frontal alpha power values were related to higher order top‐down mechanisms of self‐regulation, indicating that these mechanisms might become stronger when the frontal cortex is sufficiently developed. The findings of the current meta‐analysis highlight the importance of longitudinal analyses and multimethod approaches in future work to reach a more comprehensive understanding of the role of frontal EEG alpha activity in the etiology of individual differences in early self‐regulation.

Research Highlights

The first meta‐analysis of individual differences in self‐regulation and frontal EEG alpha power during infancy and early childhood demonstrated a non‐significant overall association.

Moderation analyses revealed that variations in frontal alpha power were significantly associated with executive function, but not with effortful control and emotion regulation.

Frontal alpha power was related to variations in self‐regulation when measured by behavioral tasks and questionnaires, but not via computer assessments and lab observations.

The association between individual differences in self‐regulation and frontal alpha power becomes significantly stronger with age.
Dopamine activity in projection neurons regulates short‐lasting olfactory approach memory in Drosophila
Authors: Naganos Shintaro , Ueno Kohei , Horiuchi Junjiro , Saitoe Minoru
Published: July 2022

Survival in many animals requires the ability to associate certain cues with danger and others with safety. In a Drosophila melanogaster aversive olfactory conditioning paradigm, flies are exposed to two odours, one presented coincidentally with electrical shocks, and a second presented 45 s after shock cessation. When flies are later given a choice between these two odours, they avoid the shock‐paired odour and prefer the unpaired odour. While many studies have examined how flies learn to avoid the shock‐paired odour through formation of odour‐fear associations, here we demonstrate that conditioning also causes flies to actively approach the second odour. In contrast to fear memories, which are longer lasting and requires activity of D1‐like dopamine receptors only in the mushroom bodies, approach memory is short‐lasting and requires activity of D1‐like dopamine receptors in projection neurons originating from the antennal lobes, primary olfactory centers. Further, while recall of fear memories requires activity of the mushroom bodies, recall of approach memories does not. Our data suggest that olfactory approach memory is formed using different mechanisms in different brain locations compared to aversive and appetitive olfactory memories.
From theory to practical fundamentals of electroencephalographic source imaging in localizing the epileptogenic zone
Authors: Singh Jaysingh , Ebersole John S. , Brinkmann Benjamin H.
Published: July 2022

With continued advancement in computational technologies, the analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) has shifted from pure visual analysis to a noninvasive computational technique called EEG source imaging (ESI), which involves mathematical modeling of dipolar and distributed sources of a given scalp EEG pattern. ESI is a noninvasive phase I test for presurgical localization of the seizure onset zone in focal epilepsy. It is a relatively inexpensive modality, as it leverages scalp EEG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data already collected typically during presurgical evaluation. With an adequate number of electrodes and combined with patient‐specific MRI‐based head models, ESI has proven to be a valuable and accurate clinical diagnostic tool for localizing the epileptogenic zone. Despite its advantages, however, ESI is routinely used at only a minority of epilepsy centers. This paper reviews the current evidence and practical fundamentals for using ESI of interictal and ictal epileptic activity during the presurgical evaluation of drug‐resistant patients. We identify common errors in processing and interpreting ESI studies, describe the differences in approach needed for localizing interictal and ictal EEG discharges through practical examples, and describe best practices for optimizing the diagnostic information available from these studies.