bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth‐related changes in histology and immunolocalization of steroid hormone receptors in gonads of the immature male green turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Otsuka Saori , Suzuki Masatsugu , Kamezaki Naoki , Shima Tatsuya , Wakatsuki Motoki , Kon Yasuhiro , Ohtaishi Noriyuki
Published: February 2008

Studies on the population dynamics of sea turtles require histological evaluation of the ontogenetic development and the activity of the gonads for reproduction. To investigate the growth‐related changes of gonads in the immature male green turtle (Chelonia mydas), the histological changes of testes and epididymides and the localization of the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β, and progesterone receptor were examined. The testes were categorized histologically into six developmental stages, and a scarce relationship between straight carapace length and gonadal development was confirmed based on the histological analysis. Several kinds of steroid hormone receptors were examined to show distributions in both testes and epididymides, for which their immunoreactivities were enhanced according to the developmental stage of the testes. These results suggest that straight carapace length is not an adequate indicator of maturity determination, whereas histological and immunohistochemical evaluations are useful in identifying the growth stages of green turtles, owing to the higher sensitivity to steroid hormones that appear during growth. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:166–174, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DFT simulations and vibrational analysis of FTIR and FT‐Raman spectra of 2‐amino‐4,6‐dihydroxypyrimidine
Authors: Krishnakumar V. , Prabavathi N.
Published: February 2008

This work deals with the vibrational spectroscopy of 2‐amino‐4,6‐dihydroxy pyrimidine (ADHP) by means of quantum chemical calculations. The mid‐ and far FTIR and FT‐Raman spectra were measured in the condensed state. The fundamental vibrational wavenumbers and intensity of vibrational bands were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) with the standard B3LYP/6‐311 + G** methods and basis set combinations, and were scaled using various scale factors, which yielded good agreement between the observed and calculated wavenumbers. The vibrational spectra were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate analysis based on the scaled density functional force field. The results of the calculations were applied to simulate the infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound, which showed excellent agreement with the observed spectra. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐destructive Raman characterization of Capodimonte and Buen Retiro porcelain
Authors: Ricciardi Paola , Colomban Philippe , Milande Véronique
Published: February 2008

A series of 18th century porcelain objects belonging to the collections of the Musée National de Céramique (Sèvres) and attributed to the manufactures of Capodimonte (Naples, Italy) and Buen Retiro (Madrid, Spain) have been characterized in the laboratory by means of Raman macro‐ and micro‐spectroscopy. Owing to their unique history, products from these two manufactures show high similarities, and therefore distinction between them is not always straightforward. Analyses have been carried out on pastes, glazes and decorations of a series of porcelain objects (cups, saucers, ornamental figures) in order to assess the compositional and technological aspects of these productions. The results are discussed in the light of previous characterization of Capodimonte and Buen Retiro porcelain fragments found during excavations in the surroundings of both manufactures. Objects from Capodimonte show a general homogeneity and are mostly comparable with the excavation samples. On the other hand, objects and fragments from Buen Retiro show varied Raman signatures in both pastes and glazes. This does not allow classifying them as a ‘reference group’ for a Raman study of this production. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Fluorescent Chemosensor for Transition‐Metal Ions Based on Optically Active Polybinaphthyl and 2,2′‐Bipyridine
Authors: Liu Yan , Miao Qian , Zhang Shuwei , Huang Xiaobo , Zheng Lifei , Cheng Yixiang
Published: February 2008

The linear conjugated polymer based on the 5,5′‐positions of chiral 1,1′‐binaphthyl shows strong green‐blue fluorescence with high fluorescence quantum efficiency due to the extendedπ‐electronic structure between the chiral repeating unit and the 2,2′‐bipyridyl conjugated linker unit. Cu2+and Ni2+can form non‐radiative metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer complexes with the polymer, and Co2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Fe2+can cause effective fluorescent quenching, which can be attributed to an energy transfer from theπ‐conjugated chiral polymer to the metal complexes. A better understanding of energy‐transfer processes in the polymers can provide information for the design of more sensitive materials.

magnified image
Investigation of the dynamic stereochemistry of dimesityl‐2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenylmethane by complete lineshape analysis and 2D EXSY NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Denkova Pavletta , Vassilev Nikolay , Van Lokeren Luk , Willem Rudolph
Published: February 2008

The static and dynamic stereochemistry of dimesityl‐2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenylmethane in solution was investigated by lineshape analysis of 1D NMR spectra and cross‐peak amplitude processing in 2D EXSY spectra, recorded at variable temperatures. Previous studies on this propeller‐shaped chiral compound show that the stereomer threshold interconversion is associated with helicity reversal and occurs through [1,2]‐ and [1,3]‐two ring flips of one mesityl and the 2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl rings. In the present study, the experimental rate constants of the [1,2]‐ and [1,3]‐two ring flips, which are identical, were determined at various temperatures by combining quantitative 2D EXSY spectra processing and complete lineshape analysis (CLSA) of 1D NMR spectra. The latter were subjected to reference deconvolution and linear prediction in order to eliminate the lineshape distortions due to magnetic field inhomogeneity. The activation parameters of these ring flips were determined by an Eyring equation analysis of the temperature dependence of the rate constant. The experimentally determined activation enthalpy and entropy for the two‐ring flips, and those obtained from theoretical ab initio calculations at different levels of theory and basis sets, were found to be in good agreement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical 13C chemical shift, 14N, and 2H quadrupole coupling‐ constant studies of hydrogen bonding in L‐alanylglycine dipeptide
Authors: Tafazzoli M. , Amini S. K.
Published: February 2008

13C chemical shieldings and 14N and 2H electric field gradient (EFG) tensors of L‐alanylglycine (L‐alagly) dipeptide were calculated at RHF/6–31 + + G** and B3LYP/6–31 + + G** levels of theory respectively. For these calculations a crystal structure of this dipeptide obtained from X‐ray crystallography was used. Atomic coordinates of different clusters containing several L‐alagly molecules were used as input files for calculations. These clusters consist of central and surrounding L‐alagly molecules, the latter forming short, strong, hydrogen bonds with the central molecule. Since the calculations did not converge for these clusters, the surrounding L‐alagly molecules were replaced by glycine molecules. In order to improve the accuracy of calculated chemical shifts and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (NQCCs), different geometry‐optimization strategies were applied for hydrogen nuclei. Agreement between calculated and experimental data confirms that our optimized coordinates for hydrogen nuclei are more accurate than those obtained by X‐ray diffraction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H,13C, 19F NMR, and ESI mass spectral characterization of two geminal difluorosteroids
Authors: Sievänen Elina , Noponen Virpi , Král Vladimír , Bříza Tomáš , Kolehmainen Erkki
Published: February 2008

Two geminal difluorosteroids, 3,3‐difluoro‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid (1) and 3,3‐difluoro‐5α‐androstan‐17‐one (2), have been prepared from corresponding ketosteroids with diethylaminosulphurtrifluoride (DAST) treatment in moderate yields. The structures of 1 and 2 have been characterized by 1H, 13C, 19F NMR, and ESI mass spectral techniques. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the carbides in the steel X20CrMoV12.1 used in thermal power plants
Authors: Skobir Danijela Anica , Godec Matjaz , Jenko Monika , Markoli Bostjan
Published: February 2008

Microstructure of the steel X20CrMoV12.1, used for thermal power plants, after tempering at approximately 500 °C consists of tempered martensite with carbide precipitates.

The evolution of the chemical and phase composition of carbide precipitates in X20CrMoV12.1 steel was studied in the as‐received state after 56 000 h at 470–530 °C under load and in heat‐treated state (1–1344 h at 800 °C) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique.

The precipitates found in service‐loaded state as well as in heat‐treated state were of M23C6 type. In all samples two morphologically different types of carbides were established. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of ISO/TC 201 Standard: XXX. ISO 18516: 2006—Surface chemical analysis—Auger electron spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy—Determination of lateral resolution
Authors: Wolstenholme J.
Published: February 2008

This International Standard describes three methods for measuring the lateral resolution achievable in Auger electron spectrometers and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometers under defined settings. The straight‐edge method is suitable for instruments where the lateral resolution is expected to be larger than 1 µm. The grid method is suitable if the lateral resolution is expected to be less than 1 µm but more than 20 nm. The gold‐island method is suitable for instruments where the lateral resolution is expected to be less than 50 nm. The standard contains three informative annexes that provide illustrative examples of measurements of lateral resolution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of SERS‐active substrates with large surface area for Raman spectral mapping and testing of their surface nanostructure
Authors: Prokopec Vadym , Cejkova Jitka , Matějka Pavel , Hasal Pavel
Published: February 2008

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique of Raman signal detection of substances at a low concentration level. It allows observation of structural details of films with very small thicknesses. It is possible to achieve the enhancement of Raman signal of species located on the surface of properly prepared SERS‐active substrates of up to ca 106. One of the main requirements for the substrate to be SERS‐active is the proper roughness of the surface. In this work different SERS‐active Au and Ag substrates suitable for spectral mapping were prepared using procedures which consisted of electrochemical deposition of metal layer and further roughening with oxidation–reduction cycles (ORC) treatment. The nanostructures of the metal surfaces were tested using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Monolayers formed both by covalent and noncovalent linkages to the metal surface were detected and Raman spectral maps were then measured. Roughening procedure of the substrates was optimized and its effect on the SERS enhancement was discussed. The relations among the surface nanostructure, optimal roughening, type of linkage of the analyte to the surface of the substrate and the Raman signal enhancement for the experimental conditions were studied. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Develop and nurture an international alliance capability
Authors: Mascarenhas Briance , Koza Mitchell P.
Published: February 2008

Firms increasingly enter into alliances when expanding into international markets and market segments. Unfortunately, many of these alliances fail because managers are overconfident and unprepared for the diverse and complex contingencies they encounter. Growing research suggests that developing an alliance capability function improves alliance performance. We first identify common types of problems and opportunities that arise from alliance design to alliance dissolution. With this understanding, we then specify the alliance capabilities that must be developed to deal with these contingencies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feeling close from a distance: Peace encounters via Internet technology
Authors: Yablon Yaacov B.
Published: February 2008

In regions of intractable conflicts, daily circumstances and overall reality allow very narrow opportunities to bring members of conflict groups together in order to modify their social relationships. Internet‐based communications were the backbone of a three‐month program designed to address the Jewish‐Arab conflict between Israeli Jewish youth and Arab youth to enable students to discuss issues such as equality, democracy, tolerance, and peace.
The Experience of Fatigue among Elderly Women with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Hägglund Lena , Boman Kurt , Lundman Berit
Published: February 2008

Background: Fatigue is a common and distressing symptom in chronic heart failure (CHF). Most of the current methods for evaluating patients' symptoms fail to consider the meaning or importance that these symptoms have for the patient.

Aim: To illuminate the lived experience of fatigue among elderly women with CHF.

Method: Narrative interviews were conducted with 10 women with CHF, aged 73–89 years. Interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.

Results: The findings are presented in two themes and five subthemes. The first theme, ‘living with the loss of physical energy’, was based on three subthemes describing the experience of fatigue: ‘experiencing a substantial presence of feebleness and unfamiliar bodily sensations’, ‘experiencing unpredictable variations in physical ability’, and ‘needing help from others in daily life’. The second theme, ‘striving for independence while being aware of deteriorating health’, describes how the women managed their life situation; it was based on two subthemes: ‘acknowledging one's remaining abilities’, and ‘being forced to adjust and struggle for independence’.

Conclusions: Fatigue was experienced as loss of physical energy, leading to discrepancies between intention and capacity. The will to reduce dependency on others involved a daily struggle against fatigue.
Stromal cell‐derived factors 1α and 1β, inflammatory protein‐10 and interferon‐inducible T cell chemo‐attractant are novel substrates of dipeptidyl peptidase 8
Authors: Ajami Katerina , Pitman Melissa R. , Wilson Claire H. , Park Joohong , Menz R. Ian , Starr Amanda E. , Cox Jennifer H. , Abbott Catherine A. , Overall Christopher M. , Gorrell Mark D.
Published: February 2008

N‐terminal truncation of chemokines by proteases including dipeptidyl peptidase (DP) IV significantly alters their biological activity; generally ablating cognate G‐protein coupled receptor engagement and often generating potent receptor antagonists. DP8 is a recently recognised member of the prolyl oligopeptidase gene family that includes DPIV. Since DPIV is known to process chemokines we surveyed 27 chemokines for cleavage by DP8. We report DP8 cleavage of the N‐terminal two residues of IP10 (CXCL10), ITAC (CXCL11) and SDF‐1 (CXCL12). This has implications for DP8 substrate specificity. Chemokine cleavage and inactivation may occur in vivo upon cell lysis and release of DP8 or in the inactivation of internalized chemokine/receptor complexes.
Plato's Critique of Hedonism in the Philebus
Authors: BARTLETT ROBERT C.
Published: February 2008

No one can claim to have thought seriously about the question “How ought I to live?”, the guiding question of political philosophy, without having confronted the powerful answer to it supplied by hedonism. In thinking about hedonism today, we may begin from that thinker who was both very important to and early in its history: Plato. Of the dialogs that have come down to us as Plato's, only the Philebus takes as its direct aim the examination of pleasure's claim to be the human good. The Philebus culminates in the suggestions that the need for self-awareness or self-knowledge may finally be more fundamental to all human beings (and hence to hedonists) than is even the desire for pleasure, and that the experience of at least some pleasures constitutes a great obstacle to precisely the self-knowledge we seek. The Philebus is important today not only because it contains a searching analysis of hedonism but also because it compels us to raise the crucial question of the precise nature of “the good” with which we are justly most concerned—our own or that of others—a question whose centrality to self-knowledge we are in danger of forgetting.
Vote Buying or Turnout Buying? Machine Politics and the Secret Ballot
Authors: NICHTER SIMEON
Published: February 2008

Scholars typically understand vote buying as offering particularistic benefits in exchange for vote choices. This depiction of vote buying presents a puzzle: with the secret ballot, what prevents individuals from accepting rewards and then voting as they wish? An alternative explanation, which I term “turnout buying,” suggests why parties might offer rewards even if they cannot monitor vote choices. By rewarding unmobilized supporters for showing up at the polls, parties can activate their passive constituencies. Because turnout buying targets supporters, it only requires monitoringwhetherindividuals vote. Much of what scholars interpret as vote buying may actually be turnout buying. Reward targeting helps to distinguish between these strategies. Whereas Stokes's vote-buying model predicts that parties target moderate opposers, a model of turnout buying predicts that they target strong supporters. Although the two strategies coexist, empirical tests suggest that Argentine survey data in Stokes 2005 are more consistent with turnout buying.
Wandering Ghosts of Late Socialism: Conflict, Metaphor, and Memory in a Southern Vietnamese Marketplace
Authors: Leshkowich Ann Marie
Published: February 2008

In the late 1990s, a marketplace trader in Hồ Chí Minh City reported being plagued by wandering ghosts. The postwar Vietnamese landscape teems with angry spirits who died violently without descendents to honor them, but the trader's wandering ghosts were living: male market officials who demanded that merchants, most of them women, pay a fee for use rights to their stalls. Examining the conflict that ensued, this article argues that the wandering ghosts metaphor aptly captures the bitter struggles over resources and status that have accompanied late socialist economic reforms. More subtly, the metaphor also alludes to lingering wartime animosities. Market officials supported the victors, whereas many traders sided with the losers. Although daily interactions have intersubjectively reworked these tensions so that they seem instead to reflect gender differences, “ghosts” inevitably emerge: odd fragments of memory that wander homeless in the wake of social and individual efforts to render the past coherent.

Most traders have paid up simply to avoid the market management boarde's harassment. It's money sacrificed to appease the wandering ghosts[tiền thí cô hồn].

—Bến Thành market trader, Hồ Chí Minh City
On nonlinear waves in Hall–MHD plasma
Authors: MITEVA R. , MANN G.
Published: February 2008

Low-frequency magnetic field fluctuations are observed in space plasmas, e.g. as upstream waves at the Earth's bow shock. Such upstream waves can steepen into very large amplitude wave phenomena, e.g. short large-amplitude magnetic structures (or SLAMS for short), shocklets or discrete wave packets. Such observations motivated us to study the nonlinear behavior of low-frequency and large-amplitude plasma waves in terms of the full nonlinear Hall–MHD framework. In the case of stationary (nonlinear) waves, the Hall–MHD equations can be rewritten in the so-called Sakai–Sonnerup system of equations that describe this plasma state and provide oscillatory and solitary types of solutions. An overall parameter study on the polarization characteristics, together with the magnetic field components and density variations of the different ranges of solutions, is presented here. These results can be further on applied to the theoretical treatment of particle interaction with such waves, e.g. at shocks in space plasmas, possibly leading to particle acceleration.
AL-FĀRĀBĪ'S LOST TREATISE ON CHANGING BEINGS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF A DEMONSTRATION OF THE ETERNITY OF THE WORLD
Authors: RASHED MARWAN
Published: February 2008

This article proposes a reconstitution of the philosophical tenor of al-Fārābī's lost treatise On Changing Beings (Fī al-Mawǧūdāt al-mutaġayyira). It is shown that this work is not only a response to book VI of John Philoponus' Contra Aristotelem, but that its real issues can only be grasped in the context of the author's metaphysical system. Although, for al-Fārābī, genuine demonstrations proceed from the cause to the caused, thus following the order of being, it will be explained how he also admits a strictly physical proof of the simple fact, independently of its cause, and that the physical demonstration of the eternity of the world pertains to this type of proof. This physical proof is specifically directed against the Kindian doctrine of creation.
The development of EOD program for the design of electron optical
devices
Authors: B Lencová , J Zlámal
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Phase Contrast and HAADF Imaging of Structures in In2O3–ZnO Compounds in
CS-Corrected Electron Microscopes
Authors: W Yu , W Mader , L Houben , K Tillmann
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Imaging Light Atoms at Sub-Ångström Resolution in an Image Side
CS-Corrected Electron Microscope FEI Titan 80-300
Authors: M Svete , W Mader , L Houben , K Tillmann
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Optimum Imaging Conditions for Recording High-Resolution Electron
Holograms in a Cs-corrected TEM
Authors: M Linck
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Low-loss EELS Measurements with Monochromated Electrons
Authors: G Kothleitner , W Grogger , F Hofer , B Schaffer
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Structural Investigation using Fe-L2,3 Energy-Loss Near-Edge Fine
Structures Recorded by High Energy-Resolution EELS
Authors: H Schmid , W Assenmacher , W Mader , S Irsen
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
EELS and ab-initio Simulations to Study Magnetic Devices
Authors: V Serin , L Calmels , R Serra , B Warot-Fonrose , F Houdellier , E Snoeck , Ch Colliex , M Varela
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
EFTEM with omega-type Monochromator – the most advanced analytical
tool
Authors: Stegmann H , Matijevic M , Essers E , Benner G
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Time Resolved Measurements of Ion- and Electron Currents in an
ESEM
Authors: Wagner J , Rattenberger J , Schröttner H , Schaffer M , Mitsche S , Zankel A
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Problems of the YAP:Ce Scintillator Use in Detectors of Signal Electrons
in SEM.
Authors: Wandrol P , Horák P
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Novel double-wedge sample preparation technique for quantitative TEM
analysis of 3D structure in thin films and at buried interfaces
Authors: Spiecker E , Radmilovic V , Dahmen U
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Conventional TEM Investigation Of The FIB Damage In Copper
Authors: Kiener D , Jörg T , Rester M , Motz C , Dehm G
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
FIB Preparation of Holes with Large Aspect Ratio
Authors: Thomas J , Wendrock H , Arnold B , Lohse D
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Quantification and Classification of Complex Microstructures by means of
FIB/SEM-Nanotomography
Authors: Muecklich F , Velichko A
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Electron Tomographic Characterization of Er doped SiC
Authors: Leschner J , Kaiser U , Biskupek J , Chuvilin A , Kübel Ch
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Interpretation of Electron Precession Patterns by Means of Dark-Field
LACBED Patterns
Authors: Morniroli J-P
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Determination of Personal Exposure by Nanoparticles Using HRSEM
Authors: Gernert U , Preuss I , Plitzko S
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
STEM-Tomography of High-Pressure Frozen Adherent Cells
Authors: Walther P , Buser Ch , Krisp H
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Light Microscopy and Cryo-Electron Tomography of motile Malaria
Parasites
Authors: Frischknecht F , Kudryashev M , Lepper S , Münter S , Hegge S , Meissner M , Sartori A , Bohn S , Baumeister W , Cyrklaff M
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
8 Å cryo-TEM and single particle analysis of Nautilus pompilius
hemocyanin under two states of oxygenation
Authors: Moeller A , Gatsogiannis C , Depoix F , Meissner U , Markl J
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Cryofixation and Freeze-Substitution Combined with Cryosection
Immunolabelling according to Tokuyasu: Improved Preservation of
Ultrastructure and Antigenicity of Plant, Nematode, and Insect
Tissue
Authors: Ripper D , Stierhof Y-D , Schwarz Heinz
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Localisation of GFP and GFP tagged PKD2 in cultivated pancreatic cancer
cells using high-pressure freezing
Authors: Krisp H , Wichert G von , Seufferlein T , Walther P
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Mapping the Elemental Composition of Cyanobacteria with the NanoSIMS
50
Authors: Eybe T , Audinot J-N , Migeon H-N , Bohn T , Hoffmann L
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Structure of Immunolabeled Freeze-Fracture Replica Bound Membrane
Halves
Authors: Schlörmann W , Steiniger F , Richter W , Westermann M
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Ultrastructural Aspects of Microbes Etching Pyrite Surfaces
Authors: Klingl A , Thomm M , Menath V , Huber H , Rachel R , Etzel K , Toporski J , Depmeier W , Schmalz G
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Ultrastructural investigations of sternal CaCO3 deposits of Porcellio
scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea) by TEM and STEM-Tomography
Authors: Soor C , Walther P , Ziegler A
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Cellular Uptake of Polymer Nanoparticles Imaged by Electron Microscopy
Based on High-Pressure Freezing
Authors: Dass M , Landfester K , Walther P
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Elemental Analysis in Electron Microscopy for Medical Diagnostics
Authors: Jonas L , Zellmann E , Muss W
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Detection of Minerals in the Human Knee of Advanced Osteoarthritis
(OA)
Authors: Lammers L , Pap T , Wiesmann H P , Fuerst M , Rüther W
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
The Ultrastructure of Bradyzoites and Tissue Cysts of an apicomplexan
parasite found in a woodchuck (Marmota marmota Lin.) – a case study
Authors: Richter S , Wernsdorf P , Glawischnig W , Bagó Z
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Consequences of tilting of biological specimens in wet mode ESEM
imaging
Authors: Mestres P , Pütz N , Laue M
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Electronmicroscopical Characterization of Zeolite Structures
Authors: Tesche B , Jentoft F C , Schlögl R , Bare S R , Nemeth L T , Valencia S , Corma A
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
The Structure of Gold Nanoparticles on Different Substrates Studied by
Aberration Corrected High Resolution Transmission Electron
Microscopy
Authors: Biskupek J , Kaiser U , Klimmer A , Wiedwald U , Han L , Ziemann P , Fix Ch , Bansmann J , Behm R J
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
TEM Characterisation of Au Nanoclusters on SBA15
Authors: Hörmann U , Kaiser U , Stark M , Hüsing N , Farnik D , Fritscher Ch
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Size-Induced Transition from Perfect to Partial Dislocation Plasticity in
Single Crystal Au Films on Polyimide
Authors: Oh S H , Kiener D , Dehm G , Legros M , Gruber P
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Disordering and reordering of bulk Fe-45at.%Al studied by TEM
Authors: Mangler C , Rentenberger Ch , Humer I , Reichhart L , Karnthaler H P
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Analytical TEM Investigations of Si Nanowires grown by the VLS Mechanism
from Au Templates
Authors: Schneider R , Berger A , Christiansen S , Scholz R , Stelzner T , Andrä G , Seyller T , Ley L
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Structural Analysis of c-plane GaN Layers Grown on (100) g-LiAlO2
Authors: Mogilatenko A , Richter E , Neumann W , Weyers M , Velickov B , Uecker R
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Al2O3-Coatings after Long-Term Heat Treatment - A TEM-Study
Authors: Dörfel I , Dressler M , Nofz M
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Comparison between stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric LaSrCo-oxides by
analytical TEM
Authors: Gspan C , Grogger W , Hofer F , Bucher E , Sitte W
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Formation and Crystal Growth of Needle-Like Fluoroapatite in Glass
Ceramics
Authors: Krumeich F , Nesper R , Ritzberger C , Apel E , Rheinberger V , Höland W
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Electron Holography of Ferroelectric Polarization Switching
Authors: Matzeck C , Einenkel B , Lichte Hannes
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Microstructure of Transition Metal Doped ZnO Films Investigated by
AEM
Authors: Schmid H , Lorenz M , Mader W
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Investigating the Oxide Barrier Layer in Ta-Co-Cu-Co/Oxide/Co-NiMn Spin
Valve Structures.
Authors: Kinyanjui M , Chuvilin A , Kaiser U , Mohanan S , Herr U
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
TEM thin film analysis of chemically deposited YBa2Cu3O7-x coated
conductors
Authors: Molina L , Eibl O , Engel S , Knoth K , Hühne R , Holzapfel B
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Electron Holography on Charge - Modulated Structures: Evidence for
Intrinsic Wide-Spaced Electric Fields
Authors: Röder F , Rother A , Lichte H , Mader W , Bredow T
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Strain Mapping along an Al-Pb Interface
Authors: Rösner H
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Investigation of the Structure of Plasma Erosion Craters using a SEM/FIB
Dual Beam Workstation
Authors: Soldera F , Jeanvoine N , Trinh K , Mücklich F
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
TEM/EELS/XRD Investigation of the Graphitization Process in Carbonaceous
Materials
Authors: Müller J-O , Adelhelm P , Smarsly B , Su D S , Antonietti M , Schlögl R
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Effect of Mechanical Strain and ATP on the Morphology of Cultivated
Alveolar Type II Cells
Authors: Felder E , Grauvogel F , Neuhäusler T , Miklavc P , Walther P
Published: February 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference
in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Cloning of ACO gene and inhibition of ethylene evolution in tomatoes with RNAi
Authors: Yin-Hua Chen , Bo Ouyang , Han-Xia Li , Zhi-Biao Ye
Published: February 2008

A 1018 bp fragment of the ACO gene cDNA sequence was cloned from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves incubated with a pathogen mixture using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with two PCR primers designed according to the sequence of a tomato cDNA clone (E11). A BLAST search showed the sequence presenting a very high match with the ACO genes in other plants, with 83–99% homology. Using this sequence, an RNA interference (RNAi) transformation vector (pD311) was constructed and transformed into tomato. Twenty-seven regenerated plants with kanamycin resistance were obtained, showing that the transgene was integrated into the tomato genome; this was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. Ethylene production by the RNAi transgenic tomato plants was measured by gas chromatography, and showed that ethylene evolution was specifically inhibited in leaves and fruits of the transgenic plants.
Genetic diversity analysis of diazotrophs in the rice rhizosphere
Authors: Bin Chen , Si-Ping Zheng , Li-Juan Zhou , Zhi-Min Lin , Ya-Na Song , Wei-Wen Zheng
Published: February 2008

The genetic diversity of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with rice (Oryza sativa) was assessed by a polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) approach on thenifHgene amplified directly from DNA extracted from washed rice roots and rhizospheric soil. Restriction digestion with the enzymesMnlI andHaeIII was performed to characterize 54 clonednifHPCR products. RFLP profiles were clustered and analysed with the UPGMA program. Eight pairs of similar RFLP patterns (similarity>50%) and two pairs of homologous RFLP patterns (100% identity) were found from the washed roots and the rhizospheric soil, respectively. Three specific diazotrophic patterns were found from rhizospheric soil and rice roots. The analyses have revealed the presence of differentnifHtypes, which appear to be significant components of the diazotrophic community in paddy fields, indicating that some of the diazotrophs may colonize the inside and the surface of the rice roots.
Experimental and coupled‐channels investigation of the radiative properties of the N2c′41Σu+ − X1Σg+ band system
Authors: Liu Xianming , Shemansky Donald E. , Malone Charles P. , Johnson Paul V. , Ajello Joseph M. , Kanik Isik , Heays Alan N. , Lewis Brenton R. , Gibson Stephen T. , Stark Glenn
Published: February 2008

The emission properties of the N2c′41Σu+ − X1Σg+ band system have been investigated in a joint experimental and coupled‐channels theoretical study. Relative intensities of the c′41Σu+(0) − X1Σg+(vi) transitions, measured via electron‐impact‐induced emission spectroscopy, are combined with a coupled‐channel Schrödinger equation (CSE) model of the N2 molecule, enabling determination of the diabatic electronic transition moment for the c′41Σu+ − X1Σg+ system as a function of internuclear distance. The CSE rotational transition probabilities are further verified by comparison with a high‐resolution experimental spectrum. Spontaneous transition probabilities of the c′41Σu+ − X1Σg+ band system, required for modeling atmospheric emission, can now be calculated reliably.
Full‐scale simulation study of the initial stage of ionospheric turbulence
Authors: Eliasson B. , Stenflo L.
Published: February 2008

We present a full‐scale simulation of the nonlinear interaction between an intense electromagnetic wave and the Earth's ionosphere, by means of a generalized Zakharov model. The radio wave propagates from the neutral atmosphere into the ionospheric plasma layer and reaches the turning points of the ordinary and extraordinary wave modes. At the turning point of the ordinary mode, a parametric instability takes place in which the electromagnetic wave decays into an electron plasma wave and an ion acoustic wave with a typical wavelength of one meter. This is followed by collapse and caviton formation and trapping of the intense electron plasma wave. The cavitons lead to an efficient excitation of slow X (or Z) waves that propagate further into the denser ionospheric layer at higher altitudes. We use a realistic ion (oxygen) mass, length scales, and other plasma parameters. This numerical study should be useful for understanding the nonlinear interaction between intense radio waves and the ionosphere.
Cooperative folding kinetics of BBL protein and peripheral subunit-binding domain homologues
Authors: Yu Wookyung , Chung Kwanghoon , Cheon Mookyung , Heo Muyoung , Han Kyou-Hoon , Ham Sihyun , Chang Iksoo
Published: February 2008

Recent experiments claiming that Naf-BBL protein follows a global downhill folding raised an important controversy as to the folding mechanism of fast-folding proteins. Under the global downhill folding scenario, not only do proteins undergo a gradual folding, but folding events along the continuous folding pathway also could be mapped out from the equilibrium denaturation experiment. Based on the exact calculation using a free energy landscape, relaxation eigenmodes from a master equation, and Monte Carlo simulation of an extended Muñoz–Eaton model that incorporates multiscale-heterogeneous pairwise interactions between amino acids, here we show that the very nature of a two-state cooperative transition such as a bimodal distribution from an exact free energy landscape and biphasic relaxation kinetics manifest in the thermodynamics and folding–unfolding kinetics of BBL and peripheral subunit-binding domain homologues. Our results provide an unequivocal resolution to the fundamental controversy related to the global downhill folding scheme, whose applicability to other proteins should be critically reexamined.
Impact of Meningococcal Serogroup C Conjugate Vaccines on Carriage and Herd Immunity
Authors: Maiden Martin C J , Ibarz-Pavón Ana Belén , Urwin Rachel , Gray Stephen J , Andrews Nicholas J , Clarke Stuart C , Walker A Mark , Evans Meirion R , Kroll J Simon , Neal Keith R , Ala'Aldeen Dlawer A A , Crook Derrick W , Cann Kathryn , Harrison Sarah , Cunningham Richard , Baxter David , Kaczmarski Edward , MacLennan Jenny , Cameron J Claire , Stuart James M
Published: February 2008

Background. In 1999, meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccines were introduced in the United Kingdom for those under 19 years of age. The impact of this intervention on asymptomatic carriage of meningococci was investigated to establish whether serogroup replacement or protection by herd immunity occurred.

Methods. Multicenter surveys of carriage were conducted during vaccine introduction and on 2 successive years, resulting in a total of 48,309 samples, from which 8599 meningococci were isolated and characterized by genotyping and phenotyping.

Results. A reduction in serogroup C carriage (rate ratio, 0.19) was observed that lasted at least 2 years with no evidence of serogroup replacement. Vaccine efficacy against carriage was 75%, and vaccination had a disproportionate impact on the carriage of sequence type (ST)-11 complex serogroup C meningococci that (rate ratio, 0.06); these meningococci also exhibited high rates of capsule expression.

Conclusions. The impact of vaccination with MCC vaccine on the prevalence of carriage of group C meningococci was consistent with herd immunity. The high impact on the carriage of ST-11 complex serogroup C could be attributed to high levels of capsule expression. High vaccine efficacy against disease in young children, who were not protected long-term by the schedule initially used, is attributed to the high vaccine efficacy against carriage in older age groups.
Mutations in the nuclear localization signal of nsP2 influencing RNA synthesis, protein expression and cytotoxicity of Semliki Forest virus
Authors: Tamm Kristi , Merits Andres , Sarand Inga
Published: February 2008

The cytotoxicity of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infection is caused partly by the non-structural protein nsP2, an essential component of the SFV replicase complex. Due to the presence of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), nsP2 also localizes in the nucleus of infected cells. The present study analysed recombinant SFV replicons and genomes with various deletions or substitutions in the NLS, or with a proline-to-glycine mutation at position 718 of nsP2 (P718G). Deletion of one or two arginine residues from the NLS or substitution of two of the arginines with aspartic acid resulted in a virus with a temperature-sensitive phenotype, and substitution of all three arginines was lethal. Thus, most of the introduced mutations severely affected nsP2 functioning in viral replication; in addition, they inhibited the ability of SFV to induce translational shut-off and kill infected cells. SFV replicons with a P718G mutation or replacement of the NLS residues 648RRR650 with RDD were found to be the least cytotoxic. Corresponding replicons expressed non-structural proteins at normal levels, but had severely reduced genomic RNA synthesis and were virtually unable to replicate and transcribe co-electroporated helper RNA. The non-cytotoxic phenotype was maintained in SFV full-length genomes harbouring the corresponding mutations; however, during a single cycle of cell culture, these were converted to a cytotoxic phenotype, probably due to the accumulation of compensatory mutations.
Porcine circovirus type 2-induced interleukin-10 modulates recall antigen responses
Authors: Kekarainen Tuija , Montoya Maria , Mateu Enric , Segalés Joaquim
Published: February 2008

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the necessary agent for the occurrence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. It has been suggested that PMWS-affected pigs are immunosuppressed and, therefore, more prone to develop co-infections. In this study, we elucidated that PCV2 downregulates in vitro the immune cell functions during recall antigen responses. We showed that PCV2, but not the non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1, induces interleukin (IL)-10 secretion by monocytic cells. Notably, PCV2-induced IL-10 led to effective repression of IL-12 in blood peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Besides alpha and gamma interferon synthesis by PBMCs from pseudorabies virus (PRV)-immunized animals, activated in vitro PRV also was repressed by subsequent infection by PCV2. The ability of PCV2 to hamper the development of immune responses may contribute to the Th1 suppressed responses, immune suppression and co-infections.
Structure–function relationship between the tobamovirus TMV-Cg coat protein and the HR-like response
Authors: Ehrenfeld Nicole , Gonzalez Angel , Cañón Paola , Medina Consuelo , Perez-Acle Tomas , Arce-Johnson Patricio
Published: February 2008

The tobamovirus TMV-Cg induces an HR-like response inNicotiana tabacumcv. Xanthi nn sensitive plants lacking theN or N′resistance genes. This response has been characterized by the appearance of necrotic lesions in the inoculated leaf and viral systemic spread, although the defence pathways are activated in the plant. A previous study demonstrated that the coat protein (CP) of TMV-Cg (CPCg) was the elicitor of this HR-like response. We examined the influence of four specific amino acid substitutions on the structure of CPCg, as well as on the development of the host response. To gain insights into the structural implications of these substitutions, a set of molecular dynamic experiments was performed using comparative models of wild-type and mutant CPCg as well as the CP of the U1 strain of TMV (CPU1), which is not recognized by the plants. A P21L mutation produces severe changes in the three-dimensional structure of CPCg and is more unstable when this subunit is laterally associatedin silico. This result may explain the observed incapacity of this mutant to assemble virions. Two other CPCg mutations (R46G and S54K) overcome recognition by the plant and do not induce an HR-like response. A double CPCg mutant P21L-S54K recovered its capacity to form virions and to induce an HR-like response. Our results suggest that the structural integrity of the CP proteins is important for triggering the HR-like response.