bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of weight gain on antipsychotic nonadherence or discontinuation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De Riddhita , Smith Emily C. C. , Navagnanavel Janani , Au Emily , Maksyutynska Kateryna , Papoulias Maria , Singh Raghunath , Panganiban Kristoffer J. , Humber Bailey , Mohr Grimur Høgnason , Nielsen Mette Ødegaard , Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Remington Gary , Agarwal Sri Mahavir , Hahn Margaret K.
Published: September 2024

Background

Nonadherence/discontinuation of antipsychotic (AP) medications represents an important clinical issue in patients across psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). While antipsychotic‐induced weight gain (AIWG) is a reported contributor to nonadherence, a systematic review of the association between AIWG and medication nonadherence/discontinuation has not been explored previously.

Method

A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases, among others, to help identify all studies which explored adherence, study dropouts, AP switching and/or discontinuations attributable to AIWG among individuals with severe mental illness. A meta‐analysis was also completed where applicable.

Results

We identified two categories of studies for the meta‐analysis. Category 1 included three studies, which compared measures of AP adherence or discontinuation across BMI classes/degrees of self‐reported weight gain. When compared to normal weight individuals receiving APs or those who did not report AIWG, individuals who were either overweight or obese or reported weight gain in relation to AP use had an increased odds of AP nonadherence (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.51–3.73; p = 0.0002). Category 2 had 14 studies which compared measures of discontinuation related to weight gain reported as an adverse effect across different APs. Olanzapine was associated with a 3.32 times (95% CI 2.32–4.74; p < 0.00001) increased likelihood of nonadherence or discontinuation when compared to other APs with lower weight gain liabilities. Similarly, APs with moderate weight gain liability (paliperidone, risperidone, and quetiapine) increased the odds of nonadherence or discontinuation by 2.25 (95% CI 1.31–3.87; p = 0.003) when compared to APs considered to have lower weight gain liability (i.e. haloperidol and aripiprazole). The qualitative summary also confirmed these findings.

Conclusion

This review and meta‐analysis suggests that AIWG influences medication nonadherence/discontinuation, whereby APs with higher weight gain liability are associated with nonadherence/discontinuation. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
How does active coping affect post‐traumatic growth? An empirical analysis from Lushan earthquake survivors
Authors: Ou Limei , Zhang Wei , Fan Fengchun , Yuan Ling
Published: September 2024

Traumatic experiences from major natural disasters, such as earthquakes, can lead to mental health challenges, which in turn may foster post‐traumatic growth (PTG). In this study, 859 survivors of the 2013 Lushan Earthquake in China were selected as research participants. We explored the relationship between active coping and PTG, the indirect effect of resilience in this relationship, and the moderating effect of social support. The empirical results revealed that active coping positively influenced PTG, with resilience has an indirect effect in this relationship. Social support moderated the relationship between resilience and PTG but did not affect the relationship between active coping and PTG. This study not only provides new insights into how earthquake survivors achieve PTG through active coping strategies but also emphasises the important role of psychological resilience in facilitating post‐traumatic recovery.
Ink and forgetting
Authors: Hames Aaron
Published: September 2024

Examining the relations among ethnographic fieldwork, trains in Tokyo, dementia, and a child's injury, this essay explores the nature of memory. Specifically, it considers the vastness of what is forgotten, how writing can staunch the loss of recollection, and the condition of being unable to forge new memories. The written word can carry the freight of memory, yet it does so through simplification and suggestion. While bearing the indistinct character of writing, fieldnotes inhabit a wider ecology of quotidian life and extraordinary events that, in turn, shape how, when, and if they are read. Recollection with the aid of ink, paper, and pixels is vital to the ethnographic endeavor, but its affective dimensions are largely involuntary and can only be shepherded from a distance.
Quantitative cervicovaginal fluid fetal fibronectin: A liquid biopsy for intra‐amniotic inflammation
Authors: Warintaksa Puntabut , Romero Roberto , Lertrat Waranyu , Yuenyongdechawat Nutnaree , Mongkolsuk Paninee , Chaiyakarn Supakorn , Settacomkul Rapeewan , Pongchaikul Pisut , Vivithanaporn Pornpun , Chaemsaithong Piya
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Intra‐amniotic inflammation is causally linked to spontaneous preterm labor. The gold standard for the diagnosis of intra‐amniotic inflammation is the determination of an amniotic fluid profile obtained from transabdominal amniocentesis, which is invasive. Cervicovaginal fluid fetal fibronectin (fFN) is a widely‐used predictive biomarker for spontaneous preterm labor. The aims of this study are to determine (1) whether a quantitative cervicovaginal fluid fFN test can be used to identify the presence of intra‐amniotic inflammation; and (2) an appropriate cut‐off value of a cervicovaginal fluid fFN concentration for the identification of intra‐amniotic inflammation.

Material and Methods

This prospective cohort study included 78 patients with preterm labor and intact membranes who had a sample collected for quantitative cervicovaginal fluid fFN measurement and underwent transabdominal amniocentesis. Intra‐amniotic inflammation was defined as an amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 concentration ≥2.6 ng/mL. Clinicians were masked from the results of cervicovaginal fluid fFN and amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 concentrations. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors were significant predictors of intra‐amniotic inflammation. The diagnostic indices of the cervicovaginal fluid fFN test for the identification of intra‐amniotic inflammation were calculated.

Results

(1) Frequency of intra‐amniotic inflammation was 26.9% (21/78); (2) the higher the cervicovaginal fluid fFN concentration, the greater the risk of intra‐amniotic inflammation (p < 0.001); (3) cervicovaginal fluid fFN concentration ≥125 ng/mL had an area under the curve of 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.83–0.96) for the identification of intra‐amniotic inflammation with 100% sensitivity, 100% negative predictive value, 82.46% specificity and a positive likelihood ratio of 5.7; and (4) cervicovaginal fluid fFN cut‐off of 125 ng/mL had a significant higher predictive performance than the traditional cut‐off (50 ng/mL) for the identification of intra‐amniotic inflammation.

Conclusions

Quantitative cervicovaginal fluid fFN with a cut‐off of 125 ng/mL had a high sensitivity and a negative predictive value as well as a positive likelihood ratio for the identification of intra‐amniotic inflammation. Its high sensitivity and negative predictive value can be used to decrease an index of suspicion of intra‐amniotic inflammation. This test may be useful as an initial assessment test to select appropriate patients for amniocentesis to determine intra‐amniotic inflammation.
Axillary artery access considerations in Impella 5.5 insertion: Insights from exclusive axillary approach for successful support
Authors: Khan Shazli , Isath Ameesh , Gregory Vasiliki , Elgar Guy , Levine Avi , Haidry Syed A. , Ahmad Hasan , Tavolacci Sooyun Caroline , Shimamura Junichi , Ohira Suguru
Published: September 2024

Background

The Impella 5.5® is commonly inserted via the axillary artery (AX) in patients with cardiogenic shock. The right AX has traditionally been preferred to avoid crossing the aortic arch, and a minimum diameter of 7 mm has been recommended to accommodate the device (21 Fr). There is limited data on choice of laterality of access and AX size required, both in terms of technicality of the procedure as well as outcomes.

Methods

We performed a single‐center retrospective cohort analysis of patients who underwent Impella 5.5® implantation between December 2020 and February 2024 (N = 75). Data including demographics and outcomes were stratified both by diameter (small, <7 mm vs. normal, ≥7 mm) and laterality of access (right vs. left). Adverse events included stroke, limb ischemia, procedural bleeding or infection, and unplanned explant due to complications. Delivery time was defined as time from advancing the first wire to activation of the device.

Results

AX approach was attempted in all (N = 74) but one requiring innominate access, with a technical success rate of 95.9% (N = 71/74). The mean age was 58.8 ± 13.3 years, with 81.1% males. The median delivery time was 7.0 (25th, 75th percentiles: 4.0, 11.5) min with a median support duration of 13 (7.7, 24) days. Ten patients (13.5%) had a small AX, with a mean diameter of 6.3 ± 0.5 mm and were more likely to be younger compared to the normal AX group. Fifty‐nine patients (79.7%) had insertion via the right AX. Median delivery time was comparable across all groups (small, 5.4 [3.5, 10.9] vs. normal, 7 [4.0, 12.1] min, p = 0.59) and (right, 10.4 [5.3, 15.2] vs. left, 6 [3.7, 10.4] min, p = 0.35). There was no difference between the rates of stroke, ischemia, bleeding, or infection when comparing by size or laterality. Survival to discharge was 59.5%, with 21.1% mortality on support, all in patients with a normal AX diameter, but with no difference between right versus left.

Conclusion

In our study, laterality and a small diameter of AX access did not affect outcomes of Impella 5.5®, with a similar safety profile.
Enteric glial NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to gut mucosal barrier alterations in a mouse model of diet‐induced obesity
Authors: D'Antongiovanni Vanessa , Fornai Matteo , Colucci Rocchina , Nericcio Anna , Benvenuti Laura , Di Salvo Clelia , Segnani Cristina , Pierucci Clarissa , Ippolito Chiara , Nemeth Zoltan H. , Haskó György , Bernardini Nunzia , Antonioli Luca , Pellegrini Carolina
Published: September 2024

Aim

In the present study, we investigated the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) changes associated with obesity, and its role in the interplay between enteric glia and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).

Methods

Wild‐type C57BL/6J and NLRP3‐KO (−/−) mice were fed with high‐fat diet (HFD) or standard diet for 8 weeks. Colonic IEB integrity and inflammasome activation were assessed. Immunolocalization of colonic mucosal GFAP‐ and NLRP3‐positive cells along with in vitro coculture experiments with enteric glial cells (EGCs) and IECs allowed to investigate the potential link between altered IEB, enteric gliosis, and NLRP3 activation.

Results

HFD mice showed increased body weight, altered IEB integrity, increased GFAP‐positive glial cells, and NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivation. HFD‐NLRP3−/− mice showed a lower increase in body weight, an improvement in IEB integrity and an absence of enteric gliosis. Coculture experiments showed that palmitate and lipopolysaccharide contribute to IEB damage and promote enteric gliosis with consequent hyperactivation of enteric glial NLRP3/caspase‐1/IL‐1β signaling. Enteric glial‐derived IL‐1β release exacerbates the IEB alterations. Such an effect was abrogated upon incubation with anakinra (IL‐1β receptor antagonist) and with conditioned medium derived from silenced‐NLRP3 glial cells.

Conclusion

HFD intake elicits mucosal enteric gliotic processes characterized by a hyperactivation of NLRP3/caspase‐1/IL‐1β signaling pathway, that contributes to further exacerbate the disruption of intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. However, we cannot rule out the contribution of NLRP3 inflammasome activation from other cells, such as immune cells, in IEB alterations associated with obesity. Overall, our results suggest that enteric glial NLRP3 inflammasome might represent an interesting molecular target for the development of novel pharmacological approaches aimed at managing the enteric inflammation and intestinal mucosal dysfunctions associated with obesity.
MCF classifier: Estimating, standardizing, and stratifying medicine carbon footprints, at scale
Authors: Taylor Haroon , Mahamdallie Shazia , Sawyer Matthew , Rahman Nazneen
Published: September 2024

Aims

Healthcare accounts for 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with medicines making a sizeable contribution. Product‐level medicine emission data is limited, hindering mitigation efforts. To address this, we created Medicine Carbon Footprint (MCF) Classifier, to estimate, standardize, stratify and visualize medicine carbon footprints.

Methods

We used molecular weight and chemical structure to estimate the process mass intensity and global warming potential of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in small molecule medicines. This allowed us to estimate medicine carbon footprints per dose, which we categorized into MCF Ratings, accessible via a searchable web application, MCF Formulary. We performed comparison and sensitivity analyses to validate the ratings, and stratification analyses by therapeutic indication to identify priority areas for emission reduction interventions.

Results

We generated standardized medicine carbon footprints for 2214 products, with 38% rated LOW, 35% MEDIUM, 25% HIGH and 2% VERY HIGH. These products represented 2.2 billion NHS England prescribed doses in January 2023, with a total footprint of 140 000 tonnes CO2e, equivalent to the monthly emissions of 940 000 cars. Notably, three antibiotics—amoxicillin, flucloxacillin and penicillin V—contributed 15% of emissions. We estimate that implementing the recommended 20% antibiotic prescription reduction could save 4200 tonnes CO2e per month, equivalent to removing 29 000 cars.

Conclusions

Standardized medicine carbon footprints have utility in assessing and addressing the carbon emissions of medicines, and the potential to inform and catalyse changes needed to align better healthcare and net zero commitments.
Adverse reactions associated with nivolumab and small molecule antiangiogenic drugs: A pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Li Haiyang , Ruan Zhaohui , Jia Yanan , Zhang Yuan , Wang Lingwa , Yang Yifan , Wang Ru , Fang Jugao
Published: September 2024

Aims

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab, combined with small molecule antiangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), present a promising strategy for future immunotherapy. However, combination therapy can lead to specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in various clinical settings. Current research on the ADRs associated with combination therapy is limited. Our study aims to assess the safety of combination therapy.

Methods

We extracted ADR reports on combination therapy from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System database, covering the period from the first quarter of 2012 to the third quarter of 2023, and conducted a large‐scale retrospective study. We evaluated ADR risk signals using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and calculated the Ro/e ratio to compare the differences in the risk of fatal ADRs among various tumour types.

Results

We comprehensively reported the occurrence of ADRs in pan‐cancer patients undergoing combination therapy. The combination therapy significantly increased the risk of sensitive skin (ROR: 231.43, 95% CI: 55.01–973.72, P < .05), metastatic renal cell carcinoma (ROR: 220.71, 95% CI: 28.99–1695.41, P < .05) and renal cell carcinoma (ROR: 188.22, 95% CI: 44.24–800.85, P < .05). We also compared the differences in ADRs resulting from different small molecule drug combinations, as well as the differences in ADRs among patients with different types of tumours under combination therapy. Furthermore, we analysed the characteristics of patients prone to experiencing fatal ADRs.

Conclusion

These results can help enhance understanding of the ADRs commonly associated with combination therapy and assist oncologists in formulating screening protocols.
Prognosis prediction of PDAC via detection of O‐glycan altered extracellular vesicles in perioperative sera
Authors: Uemura Sho , Kabe Yasuaki , Kitago Minoru , Matsuda Sachiko , Abe Yuta , Hasegawa Yasushi , Hori Shutaro , Tanaka Masayuki , Nakano Yutaka , Sato Yasunori , Itonaga Makoto , Ono Masayuki , Kawakami Tatsuya , Suematsu Makoto , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: September 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal malignancy due to the difficulty in diagnosis and poor prognosis because of the high recurrence rate, necessitating reliable biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and prognosis. However, the existing markers have limitations. We previously identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) recognized by O‐glycan‐binding lectins (Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin [ACA]) as a novel diagnostic biomarker for PDAC using an EV‐counting system (ExoCounter). This retrospective study analyzed changes in ACA‐positive EVs in perioperative PDAC serum and its association with prognosis using ExoCounter. Absolute EV levels in the pre‐ and postoperative sera of 44 patients who underwent curative pancreatectomy for PDAC were quantified using ExoCounter. The carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 levels declined in most samples postoperatively, and presented no correlation with poor prognosis. In contrast, ACA‐positive EVs increased in serum at 7 days postoperatively in 27 of 44 patients (61.4%). We therefore divided participants with ACA‐positive EVs before and after surgery into elevation and decline groups. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) of patients with higher ACA‐positive EVs were significantly shorter than those with lower ACA‐positive EVs (26.1 months vs. not reached, P = 0.018; 11.9 vs. 38.6 months, P = 0.013). Multivariable analysis revealed that ACA‐positive EV elevation in postoperative serum was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.891, P = 0.023) and RFS (HR = 2.650, P = 0.024). The detection of ACA‐positive EVs in perioperative serum may be used to predict the prognosis of PDAC in the early postoperative period.
Genetic profiles and clinical features in subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Okamura Yui , Makishima Kenichi , Suehara Yasuhito , Suma Sakurako , Abe Yoshiaki , Matsuoka Ryota , Sakamoto Tatsuhiro , Hattori Keiichiro , Yokoyama Yasuhisa , Kato Takayasu , Nanmoku Toru , Iwasaki Takeshi , Nishiyama Kenichi , Kato Koji , Takeuchi Yasuhide , Makishima Hideki , Nakamura Naoya , Chiba Shigeru , Sakata‐Yanagimoto Mamiko
Published: September 2024

Subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare peripheral T‐cell lymphoma characterized by cutaneous lesions and immunologic manifestations. The five‐year survival rate of SPTCL has been reported to be over 80%, indicating a favorable prognosis. Recent studies have uncovered recurrent germline variants in HAVCR2, encoding an immunomodulator. In this study, we integrated whole‐exome sequencing data from 60 samples collected from 36 SPTCL patients, encompassing six patients of our cohort and 30 patients of publicly available data. We identified 138 somatic mutations in skin tumors of 24 patients and HAVCR2 germline mutations in 23 of 29 patients. HAVCR2 p.Tyr82Cys mutations were identified in four of six Japanese patients. During the clinical courses of four patients, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, vincristine, and prednisone were administered to all patients, but it resulted in incomplete responses in all four patients. However, disease conditions of all patients remained stable with additional treatment, including autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Over a 7.5‐year median follow‐up, one patient developed autoimmune‐related diseases, while one developed other hematological malignancy, resulting in death. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recurrent HAVCR2 germline mutations in Japanese patients, suggesting the necessity for long‐term follow‐up.
Efficacy of providing energy expenditure information to guide weight loss interventions in people with obesity: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lim Jonathan Z. M. , Williams Andrew , Burgess Jamie , O'Connell James , James Michaela , Cross Andy , Hughes David , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Alam Uazman , Wilding John P. H.
Published: September 2024

Resting energy expenditure (REE) and metabolic fuel utilization (carbohydrate or fat) proxied by respiratory quotient (RQ) from indirect calorimetry enables more precise measurement of energy needs and fat oxidation capacity. The study compared the effectiveness of providing energy expenditure information during diet and exercise weight intervention versus standard of care (SOC) on weight loss outcomes. Fifty‐two participants with obesity were recruited from a specialist weight loss service, randomized 1:1 to intervention (INT) or SOC only. Participants in INT received four‐weekly dietetic counselling, using biofeedback from energy expenditure data to recommend caloric restriction and physical activity goals, in addition to SOC. The primary outcome was the mean difference in weight loss between both groups after 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes include participant acceptability and tolerability using indirect calorimetry. Participants in the INT group demonstrated additional weight loss (−2.3 kg [95% CI: −3.1, −1.5]; p <.001), reduced waist circumference (−3.9 cm [95% CI: −5.48, −2.26]; p <.001), and decreased body fat percentage (−1.5% [95% CI:−2.31, −0.72], p <.001), compared to SOC, after adjusting for baseline body mass index, age, and sex. Forty‐two percent (10/24) of participants in INT group achieved the minimum clinically significant threshold of 5% weight loss from baseline, compared to 8% (2/26) in the SOC group (p = .007). Participant acceptability and tolerability of indirect calorimetry were high, with mean scores of 4.5 ± 0.6 and 4.2 ± 0.7 (5‐point Likert scale). The study establishes the safety and practical integration of biofeedback using indirect calorimetry promoting improved self‐regulation and enhancing weight loss.
A landscape conservation perspective of state Species of Greatest Conservation Need
Authors: Hamilton Healy , Rapacciuolo Giovanni , Kanter John , Jones‐Farrand D. Todd , Young Bruce E.
Published: September 2024

State Wildlife Action Plans (SWAPs), including lists of Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN), outline state strategies for protecting species and habitats in the United States. In developing the current, second revision SWAPs, states are increasingly pursuing coordinated landscape conservation approaches. Analyzing SGCN lists in the first revision SWAPs, we found evidence that they already support multistate conservation. Most states address a common set of vertebrate and invertebrate groups, include most of the imperiled species from these groups, do not prioritize endemics over non‐endemics, and often include most imperiled species that are shared with neighboring states. Also, a regional SGCN coordination effort was successful. Although 65% of animals on each SGCN list were assessed as at elevated risk of extirpation by state authorities, only 43% of the combined national list were at elevated risk of global extinction. Over 40% of the combined animal SGCNs are considered globally apparently secure. Plants, snails, freshwater shrimps, and freshwater insects were poorly represented in SGCN lists. For the current SWAP revisions, we recommend improving foundational data on taxonomy, range‐wide distribution, and conservation status; expanded taxonomic coverage in SGCN lists; supporting existing and establishing new interstate initiatives; and diversifying funding mechanisms that target regional cooperation.
1111. Melastoma candidum D.Don var. alessandrense S.Kobayashi
Authors: Kato Hidetoshi , Komaki Yoshiteru , Yamanaka Masumi
Published: September 2024

Melastoma candidum D.Don var. alessandrense S.Kobayashi is an evergreen shrub endemic to Kita‐iwoto Island, an oceanic volcanic island in the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean. Here we provide illustrations to show the morphological features of this species and demonstrate the unique natural environment which is its habitat, where few people in the world have ever been.
Frequency and diagnostic findings of type I and type IV reactions to beta‐lactam antibiotics – significance of the time interval between clinical reaction and skin testing
Authors: Farmer Kimberley , Oestmann Elsbeth , Worm Margitta
Published: September 2024

Background

The prevalence of allergies to beta‐lactam antibiotics is significantly overestimated based on anamnestic data ‐ with significant medical and economic consequences. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of immediate and delayed type reactions to beta‐lactam antibiotics in order to optimize diagnostics and therapy. One focus was on the time interval between reaction and testing.

Patients and methodology

Anamnestic and diagnostic data of patients with suspected allergy to beta‐lactam antibiotics who were examined in our department between 2020 and 2022 were analyzed.

Results

27/116 (23%) patients reacted in the skin tests. Type I sensitizations were detected in 4/35 patients (11%), type IV sensitizations in 23/83 (28%). In the case of negative in vitro diagnostics and skin testing, inpatient provocation tests were performed in 41/89 (46%). Type I allergies were confirmed in two of the 13 provoked patients (15%) with immediate type reactions, type IV allergies in three of 29 (10%) with delayed type reactions. The results were clearly related to the time interval after reaction. At less than one year, 19% (22/116) reacted, whereas only 4% (5/116) reacted at more than one year (for type I reaction 9% vs. 3%; for type IV reaction 23% vs. 5%). 

Conclusions

The importance of the time interval between clinical event and allergological testing supports the guideline recommendation for skin testing within one year. Guideline recommendations on the diagnostic procedure for unclear reactions that occurred in the more distant past are desirable in order to rule out allergies to beta‐lactam antibiotics.
Solidarity in disaster scholarship
Authors: Chmutina Ksenia , von Meding Jason , Williams Darien Alexander , Remes Jacob , Cheek Wesley , Alburo‐Cañete Kaira Zoe
Published: September 2024

Disaster scholarship purportedly promotes disaster risk reduction and resists disaster risk creation, thereby deeply engaging with transboundary existential risks, justice, and political power. It is thus a commitment to humanity, and for it to become truly equitable and just, solidarity must lie at its heart. In this paper we connect solidarity with knowledge production and assess the implications of disaster scholarship and the relationships on which it is built. We offer a critique of the kind of research produced by neoliberal academic institutions and provocations for resistance through solidarity. We call on disaster scholars to use these prompts to reflect on their practice, research ethics, and their commitment to other human beings, inside and outside of the academy. Solidarity can help scholars to avoid the saviourism, self‐congratulation, and paternalism that are common in academia. Solidarity in disaster scholarship is a worthy endeavour precisely because it yields a concrete alternative vision of resisting disaster risk creation through knowledge production.
What determines the antipredator strategy in antlion larvae? Burrowing ability decreases the duration of post‐contact immobility
Authors: Farji‐Brener Alejandro G. , Enríquez Moisés , Rosey Diego , Arroyo‐Gerala Paulina , Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor
Published: September 2024

For prey exhibiting alternative antipredator strategies, selecting the most effective one is critical for survival. However, what determines such selection remains an open question. We hypothesised that this selection depends on prey skill.

We test this idea in Myrmeleon immaculatus De Geer, 1773 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) antlion larvae that exhibit two alternative antipredator behaviours: post‐contact immobility (PCI) and burying. As the larvae live under sandy soils, PCI is only a temporary strategy, and eventually, all larvae will burrow. However, deciding how long to remain immobile before burying may depend on how fast larvae bury themselves (i.e., how quickly the individual can camouflage itself in the substrate).

In a tropical forest from the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico, we measured the PCI duration, bury time and body size of 45 larvae in a fine‐grained experimental substrate. We also measured the mandible length to assess their effects on burying skills.

The PCI duration was consistently shorter in larvae that took less time to bury but was longer and more variable in larvae that took more time to bury. This effect was independent of larvae body size. Mandible length did not affect burial time.

Our findings suggest that when a given prey should select between two mutually excluding antipredator strategies, the intrinsic skill to perform the most relevant one (how fast burying themselves, in this case) may modulate the duration of the other (PCI, in this case). This reinforces the role of predation as a selective force that modulates prey behaviours.
A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Digital Teaching and Learning Publications From Southeast Asia Countries
Authors: Nguyen Nam Danh , Le Hien Thu Thi , Truong Bich Thi , Ha Dungz Van , Nguyen Nga Viet Thi , Tran Trung
Published: September 2024

This study provides a bibliometric analysis of 702 documents related to digital teaching and learning conducted by scholars from Southeast Asia (SEA) countries. The number of publications was limited before 2018, but rocketed during the 2019–2023 period. Based on scientific production of six most productive SEA countries, it is possible to classify them into three groups, with Indonesia and Malaysia in the first, Singapore and Thailand in the second, and Philippines and Vietnam in the third group. International collaborations among SEA scholars working in this research direction were limited, with only 19% of the publications resulting from collaborations with the most productive partner countries. Singaporean scholars were found to have a significant impact on the community, with their articles accounting for nearly 49% of the total citations. SEA scholars tended to focus on a few research topics such as applications of e‐learning, online learning, and blended learning, digital education and digital transformation during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and systematic review of different types of digital education applied in health professions education.
Synaptic and membrane properties of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of aristaless‐related homeobox gene mutant mice
Authors: Momiyama Toshihiko , Nishijo Takuma , Suzuki Etsuko , Kitamura Kunio
Published: September 2024

A whole‐cell patch‐clamp study was carried out to investigate membrane and synaptic properties of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of aristaless‐related homeobox gene (ARX) mutant mice. Brain slices were prepared from mice knocked in two types of ARX, P355L (PL) and 333ins (GCG)7 (GCG). The input resistance of cholinergic interneurons in PL or GCG mice was significantly smaller than that in wild type (WT), whereas resting membrane potential, threshold of action potentials, spontaneous firing rate, sag ratio or afterhyperpolarization of the mutant mice were not significantly different from those of WT mice. In GCG mice, NMDA/AMPA ratio of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked in cholinergic interneurons was significantly smaller than that in WT and PL mice, whereas the ratio between PL and WT mice was not significantly different. Although inhibitory effects induced by dopamine D2‐like receptor activation on the inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were not significantly different between WT and PL or GCG mice, increase in the paired pulse ratio of IPSCs by dopamine D2‐like receptor activation was abolished in PL and GCG mice. The present results have found abnormalities of neuronal activities as well as its modulation in the basal ganglia in ARX mutant mice, clarifying basic mechanisms underlying related disorders.
The real‐world applicability of the 2023 international myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease criteria in a Latin American cohort
Authors: Carnero Contentti Edgar , Pestchanker Claudia , Ciampi Ethel , Castro Suarez Sheila , Caparo Zamalloa Cesar , Daccach Marques Vanesa , Messias Katharina , Gortari José Ignacio , Tkachuk Verónica , Silva Berenice , Mainella Carolina , Reyes Saúl , Toro Jaime , Rodriguez Juan , Correa‐Diaz Edgar , Rojas Juan I. , Paul Friedemann
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

The diagnostic criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG‐IgG)‐associated disease (MOGAD) were published in 2023. We aimed to determine the performance of the new criteria in Latin American (LATAM) patients compared with the 2018 criteria and explore the significance of MOG–IgG titers in diagnosis.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of LATAM (Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia) adult patients with one clinical MOGAD event and MOG‐IgG positivity confirmed by cell‐based assay. Both 2018 and 2023 MOGAD criteria were applied, calculating diagnostic performance indicators.

Results

Among 171 patients (predominantly females, mean age at first attack = 34.1 years, mean disease duration = 4.5 years), 98.2% patients met the 2018 criteria, and of those who did not fulfill diagnostic criteria (n = 3), all tested positive for MOG‐IgG (one low‐positive and two without reported titer). Additionally, 144 (84.2%) patients met the 2023 criteria, of whom 57 (39.5%) had MOG‐IgG+ titer information (19 clearly positive and 38 low‐positive), whereas 87 (60.5%) patients had no MOG‐IgG titer. All 144 patients met diagnostic supporting criteria. The remaining 27 patients did not meet the 2023 MOGAD criteria due to low MOG‐IgG (n = 12) or lack of titer antibody access (n = 15), associated with the absence of supporting criteria. The 2023 MOGAD criteria showed a sensitivity of 86% (95% confidence interval = 0.80–0.91) and specificity of 100% compared to the 2018 criteria.

Conclusions

These findings support the diagnostic utility of the 2023 MOGAD criteria in an LATAM cohort in real‐world practice, despite limited access to MOG‐IgG titration.
Stepwise dual‐target magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound in tremor‐dominant Parkinson disease: One‐year follow‐up
Authors: Chen Jui‐Cheng , Chen Chun‐Ming , Aoh Yu , Lu Ming‐Kuei , Tsai Chon‐Haw
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

Magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a nonsurgical treatment for Parkinson disease (PD). Some selected anatomical structures can be targeted by MRgFUS in PD. However, there is no uniform target yet. We have reported that stepwise dual‐target MRgFUS was successfully applied to treat refractory tremors with akinetic–rigid features in PD. It generated two precise thermal ablations in the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) and pallidothalamic tract (PTT). Here, we report more PD patients to verify the safety and efficacy of stepwise dual‐target MRgFUS.

Methods

Ten tremor‐dominant PD patients (mean age = 66.7 ± 3.2 years, eight men) received the stepwise dual‐target MRgFUS treatment with a series of primary and secondary outcome measures. The VIM and PTT were navigated based on brain magnetic resonance images. Outcome measures were categorized into primary and secondary assessments. The primary outcome measures consisted of resting tremor, action/kinetic tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Secondary outcome measures encompassed non‐motor symptoms scale of PD. Data collected at follow‐up time points, including 1 day, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year posttreatment, were compared with baseline data.

Results

The severity of tremor and motor deficits represented by Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor parts A and B during off‐medication status and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III on the treated side were significantly improved (p < 0.05 by paired t‐test) at 1‐year follow‐up. At the 1‐year follow‐up, significant improvement was observed in the non‐motor symptoms scale. Additionally, no severe adverse effects were reported, except temporary treatment‐related discomfort during the procedure.

Conclusions

In conclusion, stepwise dual‐target MRgFUS emerges as a safe and effective therapeutic modality for PD patients, particularly in addressing medication‐refractory tremor and akinetic–rigid syndrome.
European Academy of Neurology: First 10 years
Authors: Deuschl Günther , Fazekas Franz , Bassetti Claudio , Boon Paul , Moro Elena
Published: September 2024

The European Academy of Neurology (EAN) was founded in May 2014 as the scientific society of all neurologists and all national neurological societies in Europe. The creation of EAN was based on the conscious decision of two predecessor societies (the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the European Neurological Society) to have a unique society for this continent with its 53 countries according to the World Health Organization and with the EU as the most important continental political decision level. In this report, the important milestones and the motivations of the decision‐makers during the first 10 years are described. The development of the annual congress, the broad educational agenda, and the scientific groundwork including the European guidelines for the practise of neurology are described. Collaboration with and work for the national neurological societies is an important task for EAN. The political representation of neurology in Brussels and collaboration with the scientific societies of neighbouring medical disciplines and patient organizations are other major tasks on the agenda of the organization. EAN's goal is to reduce the burden of neurological diseases and to be the “home of neurology” in Europe for physicians, patients, and society. EAN communicates and interacts with its members, patients, partners, politicians, and the public through different channels. EAN is the owner of the scientifically independent European Journal of Neurology. EAN is based in Vienna, where its head office is located, but is also strongly represented in Brussels.
Two is better than one: Let's get married!
Authors: Madrid Cynthia
Published: September 2024

Marriage provides a key insight to American life. Marriage is a significant factor when analyzing our society and our current structure – a widening gap among social classes. The decline in marriages among middle and lower class reflects issues with education attainment and financial stability. Unfortunately, there has been no initiative to address the declining marriage rate. This Note proposes a two‐alternative approach to implementing family‐friendly policies and a nationwide network of Family Centers that will aid the current and next generation. Society will obtain a more educated, cooperative workforce, with a more stable family structure across all classes.
Solidarity in action: Collaborating with system‐impacted youth to transform the juvenile (in)justice system through YPAR
Authors: Lopez Vera , Martensen Kayla , Diaz Michelle
Published: September 2024

The juvenile “justice” system in the United States and the expansion of the carceral state into communities of color are deeply rooted in white supremacy. To challenge these oppressive systems, it is essential for system‐impacted youth to have access to these subjugated histories. We argue that critical youth participatory action research (YPAR) is a powerful tool for providing these youth with the necessary exposure, space, and support to access these histories, develop critical consciousness, and transform their personal pain and experiences into reflection, collaboration, and actions aimed at challenging oppressive systems such as the juvenile legal system. To illustrate this potential, we present an overview of recent YPAR projects in partnership with system‐impacted youth. We underscore the importance of system‐impacted youth in meaningful, non‐tokenistic ways. Concrete recommendations for supporting YPAR projects with system‐impacted youth are provided.
Proteomic profiling identifies a direct interaction between heat shock transcription factor 2 and the focal adhesion adapter talin‐1
Authors: Da Silva Alejandro J. , Hästbacka Hendrik S. E. , Luoto Jens C. , Gough Rosemarie E. , Coelho‐Rato Leila S. , Laitala Leena M. , Goult Benjamin T. , Imanishi Susumu Y. , Sistonen Lea , Henriksson Eva
Published: September 2024

Heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) is a versatile transcription factor that regulates gene expression under stress conditions, during development, and in disease. Despite recent advances in characterizing HSF2‐dependent target genes, little is known about the protein networks associated with this transcription factor. In this study, we performed co‐immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry analysis to identify the HSF2 interactome in mouse testes, where HSF2 is required for normal sperm development. Endogenous HSF2 was discovered to form a complex with several adhesion‐associated proteins, a finding substantiated by mass spectrometry analysis conducted in human prostate carcinoma PC‐3 cells. Notably, this group of proteins included the focal adhesion adapter protein talin‐1 (TLN1). Through co‐immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays, we demonstrate the conservation of the HSF2‐TLN1 interaction from mouse to human. Additionally, employing sequence alignment analyses, we uncovered a TLN1‐binding motif in the HSF2 C terminus that binds directly to multiple regions of TLN1 in vitro. We provide evidence that the 25 C‐terminal amino acids of HSF2, fused to EGFP, are sufficient to establish a protein complex with TLN1 and modify cell–cell adhesion in human cells. Importantly, this TLN1‐binding motif is absent in the C‐terminus of a closely related HSF family member, HSF1, which does not form a complex with TLN1. These results highlight the unique molecular characteristics of HSF2 in comparison to HSF1. Taken together, our data unveil the protein partners associated with HSF2 in a physiologically relevant context and identifies TLN1 as the first adhesion‐related HSF2‐interacting partner.
Effect of chemical etching time on the fatigue behavior of Ti‐6Al‐4V produced by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Melle David , Pessard Etienne , Morel Franck , Bellett Daniel , Adamski Frédéric , Billardon Rene
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on the evolution of the fatigue strength of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L‐PBF) produced Ti‐6Al‐4V as a function of the chemical etching finishing process. The aim is to identify the critical fatigue crack initiation mechanisms and the transitions between them in terms of the evolution of the surface micro‐geometry. This is done using three different geometries and six different surface states. The evolution of the crack initiation mechanisms is then used to explain the evolutions of the fatigue strength and the fatigue scatter. Chemical etching affects the fatigue life via a polishing effect, which directly influences both the finite and the high cycle fatigue domains. It is shown that chemical etching makes it possible to obtain fatigue strengths that are almost similar to those of the machined surface. However, it is also observed that etching cannot fully counteract the effects of large surface cavities caused by surface connected porosities.
Rate‐dependent mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristic of recycled aggregate concrete under four‐point bending
Authors: Ma Gang , Wang Lixing , Yang Kai , Zhao Yuan , Tang Zhuo
Published: September 2024

The application of recycled aggregate is crucial for waste concrete recycling, while the loading rate significantly influences the fracture behavior of recycled aggregate concrete. Herein, we investigate the effect of loading rate on the flexural and fracture behaviors of recycled aggregate concrete, along with associated acoustic emission characteristics. Results show that the flexural strength and energy absorption capacity maximum increase by 15.18% and 38.39%, respectively, as the loading rate rises. As the loading rate increases from 0.05 to 1 mm/min, peak frequency is primarily clustered in 0 ~ 75 kHz and 75 ~ 225 kHz and tends to be dense, while the b value decreases by 19.28%, 23.30%, and 30.17%, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of shear failure also decreases, which relates to the high energy release rate. Further, the multifractal spectrum α − f(α) resembles a quadratic distribution, with both multifractal intensity ∆f and spectrum width ∆α showing a downward trend as the loading rate rises.
Carbon risk and equity prices
Authors: Enders Arthur , Lontzek Thomas , Schmedders Karl , Thalhammer Marco
Published: September 2024

We study the effects of carbon transition risk on equity prices in the United States and Europe using disclosed carbon intensity data and find a negative effect on the cross section of returns and a negative carbon premium for the period 2009–2019. Examining fund flows, we find that institutional investors had an aversion to carbon‐intensive stocks, which could help explain the outperformance of green stocks. We find that after the Paris Agreement this negative carbon premium disappears, and expect a positive premium in the future. We apply an asset‐pricing approach to quantify the carbon risk exposure of any given asset.
Pedagogical translation for reading comprehension in mixed HL‐L2 secondary classrooms
Authors: Albrecht Sarah
Published: September 2024

This exploratory, mixed methods study proposes that pedagogical translation be implemented for biliteracy acquisition in mixed heritage language (HL)‐second language (L2) secondary Spanish classrooms. It investigates the mediation of pedagogical translation for reading comprehension in two mixed HL‐L2 secondary Spanish classrooms at a suburban high school in the southwestern United States. The research question, How does pedagogical translation influence reading comprehension in a mixed HL‐L2 secondary Spanish classroom is addressed in this work. Findings indicated that through a pedagogical translation activity, heritage language learners (HLLs) and second language learners (L2Ls) demonstrated metalinguistic awareness and vocabulary learning, which are indicators of reading comprehension. Differing HLL and L2L learning approaches during the activities are discussed, followed by pedagogical and research implications.