bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonication Assisted Casting of Bulk Aluminum Metal Nanocomposites
Authors: Poovazhagan L. , Amith S.C. , Magesh S. , Naveen D.
Published: September 2016

Nanoparticulates reinforced aluminum metal nanocomposites are prospective materials for aerospace, automobile, sports, and marine industries because of their superior strength to weight ratio and high temperature bearing properties. In this work, novel ultrasonication assisted casting method was used to fabricate different weight percentages (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) of SiC nanoparticulates reinforced aluminum alloy 6061 nanocomposites. The following results were observed from hardness test, impact test and grain size measurements. Increase in weight percentage of nano-SiC in aluminum matrix leads to significant improvement in microhardness, which was confirmed by Vickers-microhardness tests. Compared to the monolithic aluminum, the maximum improvement in microhardness of around 47 % was observed in 1.5 weight percentage SiC reinforced composites. Optical microscopic images showed refined aluminum grains in nanocomposites compared to pure alloy. Impact resistance of aluminum matrix was almost retained with an addition of SiC nanoparticles. Impact fracture surfaces of both pure alloy and nanocomposite exhibit the combination of ductile and brittle fracture.
Influence of Steel Shots Size on Tensile Properties of Magnetic Moulded MMC
Authors: Anand Ronald B. , Arun Prakash C. , Suba Karthik M.
Published: September 2016

The Magnetic moulding process is an extension of lost foam process, in which an Expendable Poly Styrene (EPS) pattern is surrounded by steel shots bonded together by the action of an induced electromagnetic field. Magnetic moulding is a potential alternative for conventional sand casting, which has disadvantages like low thermal conductivity and low permeability, which affects the metallurgical and mechanical properties of the casting. In the present work Al/SiCp metal matrix composite (MMC) samples are moulded by magnetic moulding technique, using different size steel shots viz. 0.18 mm, 0.6mm, 1mm and the tensile properties of the moulded samples were evaluated. The fractured surfaces of the tensile samples were also examined using SEM. The results show that medium size steel shots gives better tensile properties.
Effect of Cutting Speed on Thrust Force and Torque in Drilling of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Based on Defects Tolerance
Authors: Sivarajan S.
Published: September 2016

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites are being used to replace metallic materials in a wide range of industries. In the drilling of GFRP, the quality of hole is strongly dependent on process parameters. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of cutting speed and drill material on thrust force and torque in drilling of GFRP. Drilling tests were carried out using HSS and tipped carbide twist drills and damage development during drilling was studied. The critical thrust for Iso-phthalic glass composite was found to be 60 N.
Effect of Aligning Internal Pores in a Grinding Wheel
Authors: Annamalai V.E. , Hepsi Beaula M.J.
Published: September 2016

Any grinding wheel has pores upto 20%. In a grinding situation, when the wheel contacts the workpiece material and grinds, it is literally difficult for the coolant to reach the grinding zone. An attempt is made to create capillary action in the grinding wheel by aligning the pore structure of the wheel and interconnecting the pores-to form a capillary like pore channel. This is done at the grinding wheel fabrication stage at the manufacturer's end.
Experimental Investigation of Electrochemical Micromachaning Process Parameters on Pure-Titanium Using Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Geethapriyan T. , Kalaichelvan K.
Published: September 2016

Non-conventional machine are nowadays plays a vital role in manufacturing complex shaped products and to produce the product with high accuracy the electrochemical machining is widely used to machine complicated shapes for electrically conducting difficult-to-machine materials such as super alloys, Ti-alloys, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel, etc. such titanium-based alloys are in common use for aero engine components such as blades and blisks (blade integrated disks). Therefore, in this present work to investigate the influence of some predominant electrochemical process parameters such as applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, Micro-tool feed rate and duty cycle on the metal removal rate , overcut and surface roughness to fulfill the effective utilization of electrochemical machining of Pure-titanium. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of process parameters on machining characteristics and optimize the combination of those parameters using Taguchi-grey relational analysis. From this result, it is observed that process parameters have significant role in Electrochemical Micromachining process and the optimization values has been found using proposed multi-response methodology.
Study of Forming Behaviour of Square Hole Mild Steel Perforated Sheet Metal
Authors: Venkatachalam G. , Nishanth J. , Mukesh M. , Pavan Kumar D.S.
Published: September 2016

As the study of formability of perforated sheet metals using conventional approach is exhaustive and time consuming, Finite Element Analysis is used to carry out the same. This paper attempts to study the effects of perforation parameters (viz. hole size, open area and thickness) on the formability of square hole Perforated Mild Steel Sheet Metal. Finite element analysis is done using commercial Finite Element Analysis software LS-DYNA. Parametric analysis is carried out to optimize process parameters using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. From the results obtained through simulation, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is carried out to determine which group has best condition for drawing and regression equation is obtained to know, how a single response variable (Major or Minor strain) is related to a variety of predictor variables (percentage open area, hole size and thickness) and the graphs are plotted between them using MINITAB software.
Investigations on Influence of Geometric Parameters in Drawing of Perforated Sheet Metals
Authors: Venkatachalam G. , Nishanth J. , Mukesh M. , Pavan Kumar D.S.
Published: September 2016

Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) is a resourceful tool to study the formability of sheet metals. Research on the formability of Perforated Sheet Metal is growing over the years as perforated sheet metal finds its applications in various fields. But finding FLD of perforated sheet metals is complex due to the presence of holes. Also, the hole size, shape and pattern, ligament ratio, thickness of the blank, percentage of open area influence the formability of a perforated sheet metal.In the present scenario, various simulation softwares have made the process of plotting FLD much easier, saving time and money. This paper is an attempt to predict the formability of mild steel perforated sheet metal through simulation software package LS Dyna. Also, Parametric analysis is performed to determine the influence of geometric parameters on the drawability of the perforated sheet metal.
Finite Element Modelling of Orthogonal Cryogenic Machining Process
Authors: Sriram S. , Vignesh V. , Sekar K.S. Vijay , Pradeep Kumar Murugasan
Published: September 2016

The present work aims in creating the Finite Element Models for the conventional and the Cryogenic Orthogonal machining process. Finite Element Modelling (FEM) of the orthogonal machining operation was performed using DEFORM – 2D which is based on a modified Lagrangian formulation. Finite Element models were developed for various experimental conditions for both conventional and cryogenic orthogonal machining process. The response variables obtained from the models are cutting force, thrust force, temperature, shear stress, strain and strain rate. AISI 1045 steel is used as work material and for tool, tungsten carbide is used under various experimental conditions with the cutting speeds at 100 m/min, 150 m/min, 200 m/min and feeds at 0.07 mm/rev, 0.1 mm/rev, 0.14 mm/rev. A maximum temperature difference of 20.12% is obtained when conventional and cryogenic models were compared at a feed rate of 0.07 mm/rev and cutting speed of 150 m/min. cutting force and thrust force were higher for cryogenic model compared with that of the conventional model. Stress and Strain were distributed as expected to occur in the experiment.
Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of Cutting Speed on the Orthogonal Turning of A359/SiCp MMC
Authors: Thamizharasan M.M. , Nithiya Sandhiya Y.J. , Sekar K.S. Vijay , Bhanu Prasad V.V.
Published: September 2016

The application of Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) has been increasing due to its superior strength and wear characteristics but the major challenge is its poor machinability due to the presence of reinforcement in the matrix which is a hindrance during machining. The material behaviour during machining varies with respect to input variables. In this paper the effect of cutting speed during the orthogonal turning of A359/SiCp MMC with TiAlN tool insert is analysed by developing a 2D Finite Element (FE) model in Abaqus FEA code. The FE model is based on plane strain formulation and the element type used is coupled temperature displacement. The matrix material is modeled using Johnson–Cook (J-C) thermal elastic–plastic constitutive equation and chip separation is simulated using Johnson–Cook’s model for progressive damage and fracture with parting line. Particle material is considered to be perfectly elastic until brittle fracture. The tool is considered to be rigid. The FE model analyses the tool interaction with the MMC and its subsequent effects on cutting forces for different cutting speeds and feed rates. The chip formation and stress distribution are also studied. The FE results are validated with the experimental results at cutting speeds ranging from 72 – 188 m/min and feed rates ranging from 0.111 – 0.446 mm/rev at constant depth of cut of 0.5mm.
Experimental Study on Friction Welding of without Backing Block of Commercial Copper Tube without Hole (WoH) to AL 2025 Tube Plate by Using Clearance Fit Method
Authors: Kannan S. , Senthil Kumaran S. , Kumaraswamidhas L.A.
Published: September 2016

In the field of metals join technology witnessing remarkable strange getting better. Welding technique is an important metal fabrication process that has varied industrial sectors such as Aerospace, Automobile, Boilers and etc. In this process of friction welding in tube to tube plate using an external tool (FWTPET) of without backing block of commercial Copper tube without hole (WoH) and Al 2025 tube plate is investigated using an clearance fit method. Based on this observation, the physical property of joint strength in commercial copper tube to AL 2025 tube plate by FWTPET process concludes better. Taguchi approach was applied to determine the most influential control factors which joining strength yields better. L9 orthogonal array was used in this study. Besides, the most influential process parameter has been determined using statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Governance of Various Tool Rotational Speeds on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA 7075-T651
Authors: Mohammed Ryan R. , Sangeeth Kumar E.
Published: September 2016

The development of the friction stir welding being a solid state welding has provided an improved way of manufacturing aluminum joints in a quicker and reliable manner. The heat treatable aluminum alloy AA7075 is used substantially in the aerospace industry because of its high strength to weight ratio and good ductility. The objective of our work is to research the parameters of welding on the mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints of AA7075-T651. The parameters namely rotational speeds (500 rpm, 700 rpm, 900 rpm, 1100 rpm, 1300 rpm and 1500 rpm) were thought-about and table transverse speed of 50 mm/min, axial force of 8 KN is constrained throughout the welding process. The result of these parameters on weld quality is analyzed by its mechanical properties namely micro hardness and tensile strength.
The Effect of Sub-Zero Treatment on Mechanical Properties of GTAW Welded AA6082
Authors: Devanathan R. , Arul Sanjivi , Venkatamuni T. , Yuvarajan D. , Selvam D. Christopher
Published: September 2016

The consequence of sub-zero treatment on the mechanical properties of welded AA6082-T6 by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) which in turn softens the heat concentrated welded region owing to dissolution of the strengthening precipitates. The sub-zero i.e. Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT) is carried out on GTAW welded plate having a thickness of 6 mm at -77°C by varying the electrode travel speed and sub-zero treatment periods. Welded region of AA6082 were tested for hardness and microstructure by adapting three different conditions such as welded, post weld artificial aging with and without sub-zero treatment. Result revealed that the amount of softening in the welded region is indirectly proportional to electrode travel speed during welding process. It is also observed that the post weld SCT with artificial aging has increased the micro hardness values on the welded region as a consequence of the reactivation in the sequence of precipitation.
Finite Element Analysis of Particle Impact on Substrates Using HVOF Thermal Spray Coating
Authors: Shelar Vaibhav Gawaji , Davidson Jebaseelan D. , Karthikeyan C.P. , Stokes Joseph
Published: September 2016

Lower flame temperature characteristics of high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) flame spray process favor several surface coating applications. Simulation of HVOF coating is extremely complex to analyze, since its properties and microstructure depend on numerous processing parameters. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used in this paper to analyze the influence of particle heat input and impact velocity on HVOF coating on various substrates. HVOF thermal spray coating conditions, Tungsten Carbide Cobalt (WC-Co) particles and steel substrate were modeled using ANSYS 14.5. Droplets of different size were considered as particles in the numerical analysis to study their impact on the substrate. Thermal and residual stress analysis was done on both the particle and substrate during different stages of the high velocity impact process. Both rigid and soft conditions of the particle and substrate were simulated. Thermal stress of both the particle and substrate were found to increase rapidly very close to the impact process. Smaller sized particles had higher plastic strain when compared to larger sized particles. However, the residual stress and plastic strain of the substrate increased when impacted by larger sized particles. Residual stress of both particle and substrate were found to be influenced by the impact and thermal stress of each other. Higher velocity of the flame spray showed improved plastic strain and stress on individual particles, which is a major reason for the dense pattern of coating.
Prediction of Workpiece Elastic Deformation Using FEM Based Contact Analysis
Authors: Rex F. Michael Thomas , Ravindran D. , Lenin N.
Published: September 2016

The proper selection of fixtures and its locations is necessary to avoid the dimensional and form inaccuracies that are developed due to elastic deformation of the workpiece during machining. It is necessary to predict the elastic deformation with higher precision in order to eliminate the above inaccuracies during the design of fixtures. In the present work, a Finite Element Method (FEM) based 3D contact analysis has been proposed to evaluate the elastic deformation of the workpiece under the influence of fixtures and machining forces. In the proposed model, workpiece has been considered as flexible body and fixture elements (locators and clamps) as rigid bodies. A new concept of pre-stressed harmonic analysis has been introduced in order to simulate the machining forces. The contact area of the locators has been considered using contact elements and the clamping forces as point forces. The model for the analysis is developed in ANSYS environment with suitable elements. The effect of material removal has also been considered in the analysis in view of obtaining more accurate and realistic results. The deformation of the workpiece has been predicted for a particular location of clamps, locators and machining forces and presented. It is possible to optimize the location of clamps and locators under the influence of machining forces, the above analysis is suggested.
Study on the Use of Boundary Characteristic Orthogonal Polynomials in Determining the Fundamental Frequency of Rectangular Plates with Bidirectional Linear Thickness Variation
Authors: Gupta Tanmay , Kewlani Bhagat , Mali Kiran D.
Published: September 2016

Free vibration of rectangular plates with linearly varying thickness is considered. Plates are important structural components used in aircrafts, bridges etc. and hence for their safe design, thorough vibration analysis is important. Many research and practical applications use plates of variable thickness due to economical usage of the material and increased strength. Vibration response of these types of plates is different from plates of uniform thickness, which makes their analysis critical. In this study, Boundary Characteristic Orthogonal Polynomials (BCOPs) in one and two dimensions have been used to obtain deflection shape function. The first member of the series is generated using the boundary conditions, in this case all edges clamped, which satisfies both the geometric boundary conditions and the natural boundary conditions. Gram Schmidt Orthogonalization for polynomials is used to generate the higher members of the shape function which only satisfy the geometric boundary conditions. Thickness variation considered for the plate is linear in both x and y direction. Natural frequencies were obtained by using Rayleigh-Ritz method. Natural frequencies were calculated by varying taper parameters for both directions and compared with those obtained with the case of uniform thickness. Natural frequencies were also found comparable with those obtained from Finite Element Analysis by using ANSYS.
Numerical Investigation of Modified Bach Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Sarath Kumar R. , Micha Premkumar T. , Seralathan Sivamani , Mohan T.
Published: September 2016

This study evaluates the performance and flow behaviour over the modified Bach type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. A two dimensional unsteady state analysis is carried out in this study. The unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation and the turbulence equation corresponding to SST k-ω turbulence model are solved using commercial software ANSYS FLUENT 13. A grid independence study is performed to choose optimum mesh elements. The simulation is carried out and performance parameters like power coefficient and torque coefficient are calculated. The results are compared with the available experimental data for validation purpose and these matched with numerical values. An improved performance of around 37% Cp is observed for modified Bach type over simple Savonius rotor. Moreover, a brief analysis of flow behaviour over the rotor is studied.
Design of a Crank Operated Reciprocating Hacksaw
Authors: Siddharth N.S. , Vishakaraj S. , Alphin M.S. , Vigneshwar M. , Vijayakumar L.
Published: September 2016

A conventional hacksaw requires a lot of effort and concentration from the operator not only for the accuracy of the job but also for his own safety. Although an electrical power hacksaw is a reliable option, the cost of the machine can prove to be high for small scale purposes. In this study, a crank operated reciprocating hacksaw is designed and fabricated. A slider crank mechanism is adopted in this design. The crank is rotated manually. This rotational motion is transmitted to the slider link, which is the hacksaw. The human effort is found to be much lesser than in the case of a conventional hacksaw.
Design and Optimization of Core Balancing Fixture in Vibration Sorting Rig (VSR)
Authors: Vinay Prakash Karumanchi , Bakthavachalam R. , Senthil Kumar M.
Published: September 2016

This work studies the design of a fixture used in vibration sorting rig which is used for core balancing in turbo charger. The main objective of this paper is to design and optimize the fixture for holding the turbo chargers. To balance the core of turbo charger, turbine wheel and compressor wheel should balance which is turbine wheel is placed into the fixture. This paper analyzes the existing fixture and proposed new design. The fixture runs at higher speeds which is why we have to put the more concentration on the fixture design. The small issue in the fixture design results more problems due to high rotating speed of the turbine wheel of turbo charger. Many of the parts rejects due to poor fixture design. New fixture design is based on several aspects like design of work piece, rotating speed etc. The CFD analysis on the existing and proposed design is carried out. The results obtained were compared with existing fixture design.
Design and Numerical Simulation of Convergent Divergent Nozzle
Authors: Ramji V. , Mukesh Raju , Hasan Inamul
Published: September 2016

This works centers on the design of a De Laval (convergent - Divergent) nozzle to accelerate the flow to supersonic or hypersonic speeds and computational analysis of the same. An initial design of the nozzle is made from the method of characteristics. The coding was done in Matlab to obtain the contour of the divergent section for seven different exit Mach numbers viz. 2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,5 and 5.5.To quantify variation in the minimum length of the nozzle divergent section with respect to the exit mach number, a throat of constant height (0.005m) and width (0.05m) was chosen for all the design. The area exit required for each mach no varying from 1 to 5.5 was plotted using isentropic relations and was also used to verify the exit area of the nozzle for each of those mach numbers. An estimate of the exit pressure ratio is obtained by using isentropic and normal shock relations. With this exit pressure ratio, a more refined verification is done by computational analysis using ANSYS Fluent software for a contour nozzle with exit Mach number 5.5. The spalart Allmaras and k-epsilon model were used for turbulence modeling.
Propellant-Less Thrust Generation - A Review
Authors: Singhal Umang , Pal Yash
Published: September 2016

This paper introduces a concept of propellant-less microwave thruster for upper stage and space applications. The propellant-less microwave thruster works on classical electromagnetic theory, where the microwave radiations are converted to the electromagnetic pressure that acts as axial thrust. In microwave thrusters, microwaves are radiated to a sealed conical cavity which follows the contour of the thrusters to produce pressure. Normally, there are three types of methods by which thrust can be produced without utilizing any propellant. Cannae Drive, EmDrive, and the Wrap Drive are mostly used. The first two are based on the principle of microwave radiation, whereas the third method is just a concept in various science fiction films. The EmDrive can produce a small amount of thrust, therefore, its application is limited to upper stage thruster, orbit/trajectory correction, and deep-space exploration. This paper provides an insight on the feasibility of EmDrive for space application by comparing its performance with ion propulsion system. The proposed microwave propulsion system has low system mass (typically in Kgs), produces high thrust (in mN) and even has higher specific impulse (in years) which can outweigh the current ion propulsion system.
Development and Testing of a Laboratory Scale Induction System for a Bottled Producer Gas Fuelled IC Engines
Authors: Sreedhar Babu M , Clement Shibu , Rajan N.K.S.
Published: September 2016

In this paper an attempt has been reported to bring out the development and testing features of a laboratory scale induction system suited to bottled (fixed composition) PG powered IC engine. A four stroke, single cylinder, spark ignited engine was tested with a bottled PG at a Compression Ratio (CR) of 11:1 and engine speed of 1500 rpm from no-load to full load engine operation. Using suitable throttling devices, a 130 bar supply gas cylinder pressure was conditioned along with other devices to operate engine at Naturally Aspirated (NA) mode. The engine was operated close to stoichiometry condition. The engine supported a peak load of 85 % amounting to a torque of 11.89 N-m and brake power of 1.86 kW against a 2.2 kW gasoline mode. A power loss of 15 % was observed and it was attributed to 25 % lower mixture heating value and 13.33 % lower product to reactant conversion ratio of PG. Overall engine operation was found to be satisfactory. This paper also addresses the need for customizing PG-air mixer and zero pressure regulator.
Optimization of Plate Heat Exchanger by Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Pachaiyappan R. , Gopalakannan S.
Published: September 2016

This study deals the purpose of optimal values of the design constraints in a Plate Heat Exchanger by using Response Surface Method (RSM). The special effects of design constraints such as Reynolds number, flow velocity and pressure drop are examined. In the Reference Surface Method experimental design method, Nusselt number and friction factor are considered as performance parameters. The analysis of Reference Surface Method conducted with an optimization process to reach minimum pressure drop (friction factor) and maximum heat transfer (Nusselt number) for the designed Plate heat exchanger. Experimental results authorized the correctness of the planned method. Design expert 7.0 has been used for optimization process. Optimal values are selected from highest desirability value which is 0.80161 and design constrains has been optimized as 1600(Reynolds number), 0.04 m2 (Core area), 1.24 m (Core length).
Numerical Study on a Conical Diffuser with Inlet Swirl
Authors: Prakash R. , Karthiek N. , Ashwath P. , Anand H. , Adithya G.
Published: September 2016

One of the major components of axial-flow compressors and turbines are the diffusers, employed for the conversion of fluid velocity to pressure. They are used in gas turbines, pumps, wind tunnels and other fluid flow devices. Diffusers are used in jet engines, aircraft engines for various purposes. Usually a diffuser is considered as an isolated component for the ease of computation. However, when there is upstream machinery, the effect of flow separation cannot be neglected and hence considering a diffuser as an isolated component would not suffice. The effect of swirl on the performance of a conical diffuser is taken into consideration. Pressure recovery co-efficient indicates the performance of the system and its values are studied under various inlet condition still ideal case is reached and various flow parameters for this ideal case are noted. Ideal condition is the one in which the energy losses along the sections of a diffuser are minimum. This paper provides a holistic view of the flow through a diffuser, laying primary emphasis on the effect of inlet swirl.
A Brief Review on Numerical Studies on Film Cooling Effectiveness
Authors: Jindal Prakhar , Agarwal Shubham , Sharma R.P.
Published: September 2016

Film cooling is employed for effective cooling in nozzles and combustion chambers using a spray of coolant fluid in the mainstream flow to cool the body. Experimental analysis was performed elaborately in the past years to get an exact analysis of film cooling effectiveness with different parameters. This approach was however discouraged due to its high cost and time consumption. Recently, researchers switched to the use of numerical platforms for investigation of complex film cooling systems. The paper discusses in detail the numerical analysis of the film cooling systems done so far and the numerical models employed for such a complex analysis along with the advantages and trade-offs of such a numerical approach. This study was carried out to extend database knowledge about the numerical film cooling for its various applications. Therefore, an appropriate cooling technique should be designed to protect these parts. Film cooling is one of the most effective external cooling methods. Various numerical film cooling techniques presented in the literature have been investigated. Moreover, challenges and future directions of numerical film cooling techniques have been reviewed and presented in this paper. The aim of this review is to summarize recent development in research on film cooling techniques and attempt to identify some challenging issues that need to be solved for future research.
An Experimental Study on Natural Convection Biomass Dryer with Different Sensible Heat Storage Materials
Authors: Lakshmi D.V.N. , Mohapatra S.S. , Das H.C.
Published: September 2016

The state Odisha of India is mainly an agro based state and maximum percentage of population of the state depends on cultivation. Rice is the main cultivation crop here. Post harvesting losses are more due to lack of proper knowledge of farmers. Farmers used to dry paddy with open solar drying technique before storing. The main problem in this technique is that there is no control in the amount of heat transferred to the items which gradually leads to cracking of grains. One of the best possible solution is to dry the grain by using biomass grain dryer. In the present research work, an efficient and effective biomass burner with fins is designed and fabricated at SOA University in city of Bhubaneswar, Odisha to dry the paddy by using sensible heat storage materials. Two different sensible heat storage materials pebble and concrete have been used to dry 10 kg of paddy in a batch wise drying process. The average moisture content of fresh paddy of 29.2% was dried to 14.8% in 240 minutes by using pebbles and by using concrete time taken to reach desire moisture content is in 210 min. The time taken by this process is less than the conventional drying without storage materials. The temperature near the paddy tray was maintained in a range of 50– 58 °C which is a comfortable temperature for paddy drying. The efficiency of the dryer with pebbles and concrete also calculated and better efficiency is observed with concrete as sensible heat storage material.
Designing of a Balanced Opposed Piston Engine
Authors: Hebbalkar Sunil S. , Kumar Kaushik
Published: September 2016

An internal combustion engine with opposed piston engine (OPE) develops higher power density than any other conventional internal combustion engine by virtue of its design. A Two stroke OPE gives two power stroke within 3600 of crank revolution which indicates the higher power density. But this extra power also results in large amount of forces gets transmitted to both the crankshaft amounting to large unbalance in the engine. Hence for a smoother and noise free performance, engine should be dynamically balanced. So balancing is one of the main criteria for better performance. In this paper the dynamic analysis was performed by varying the linkage dimensions of OPE for balance OPE. The analytical calculation of inertia forces and dimensions for linkages has been compared with software based results, depending on pressure crank angle plot for two stroke engine.
Analysis on Influence of Varying Compression Ratio in Biofuel
Authors: Yuvarajan D. , Lokesh C. , Balaji P.
Published: September 2016

In order to reduce the need of petroleum fuels, the prospect of finding the alternative fuel is a primary goal. This work deals with the cause of mustard oil as a possible alternative. The physical and chemical properties of mustard oil are investigated. Using the gas chromatography, the composition of mustard oil is checked. Transesterification process is used for converting the mustard oil into biodiesel. Biodiesel thus formed is converted into bio fuel by the addition of an oxygenated additive (methanol). The current experiment is performed by varying the compression ratio by 16, 17 and 18 using bio fuel which comprises of 80% of mustard oil biodiesel and 20% of methanol in the diesel engine. Emission aspects of bio fuel are investigated. From this experiment it is observed that, by increasing the compression ratio CO and smoke emissions were slightly reduced, whereas HC emission is significantly reduced. However, the emissions of NOx were found to be on higher side.
CFD and Thermomechanical Analysis on Effect of Curved Surface in IC Engine Cylinder Head
Authors: Balaji S. , Unnithan Sarat , Kumarasamy A.
Published: September 2016

Next generation IC engines are designed to achieve high efficiency and high specific power. As a single most design drivingfactor, combustion pressure is increased more than before. This has major impact on the design aspects of cylinder head. Its featuresbecome more delicate to accommodate various elements. Thermal aspects composing of heat generation (by combustion); heat transfer(combustion, cooling water, intake and exhaust gas) makes the design more challenging. Methods to enhance the heat transfer andcontrolling body temperature are discussed by various authors. In this paper a high specific power engine cylinder head is analysedusing coupled field analysis. To enhance heat transfer, inner flame deck surface is configured as a curved surface instead of flat presentin the conventional cylinder heads. Effect of reduction in the cross sectional area due to curvature is analysed against flat surface. It isfound that this new approach reduces the flame deck temperature considerably without compromising the structural strength factors.CFD, steady state thermal and structural analysis has been carried out for four different cases to conclude the extend of effectivenessdue to curvature.
Autonomous External Glass Cleaning Robot
Authors: Ranjani R. , Nandhini M. , Arun Prakash C.
Published: September 2016

This paper deals with an autonomous external glass cleaning robot that can perform the operation by ensuring proper adhesion to the glass as well as movement along the entire window without colliding with the window pane or any other obstacle. The concept used in this work to actuate the robot is pneumatics wherein a pneumatic cylinder is coupled with a linear channel made up of stainless steel. It has a guide and a block which are connected through a chain and sprocket. The block can move along the guide. The piston of the cylinder is coupled with the block while the cylinder barrel is coupled with the guide. Adhesion of the robot to the glass is ensured using the vacuum technology. Four suction cups are used to make the robot adhered to the glass. Two channels are placed at right angle with each other, one for horizontal motion and one for vertical motion. Stepwise movement of the robot is achieved by individual control of suction cups. This is done using the software Arduino and Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller. Ultrasonic sensors are used to measure the dimension of the window pane as well as detect the obstacle/edge of the window. The cylinders and vacuum generators are actuated using solenoid DCV’s. As the robot moves, a rotating disk located at the bottom of the robot has a cleaning brush/sponge attached to it which cleans the glass as the robot and hence the entire glass surface is covered and cleaning operation is performed autonomously. The advantage of this robot is its simple design and its feasibility. The fact that we are able to successfully move the robot on a vertical glass frame without damaging it allows us to use it for several other applications too such as inspection.
Geriatric Walk Assist Robot - Design, Analysis and Implementation of a Modular Lower Limb Exoskeleton Robot
Authors: Karthikeyan P. , Satheesh Kumar Gopal , Ajin M.
Published: September 2016

Among the problems of major concern faced by the geriatric community the fore most is considered to be: “as we grow older it gets difficult to walk”. As they lose their strength to withstand their weight they become weak to walk on their own. Through this project a design is proposed for an assistive modular lower limb exoskeleton robot to enable aged people to walk on their own. The design is mainly based on the amplification of the pressure applied on the thighs and ankles of the legs and these pressures are used to move the legs of the robot which support the legs of the user. Since the user is capable of generating a minimum pressure on their own the working of the gait pattern is mainly based on the movement of knee and ankle, and so only the knee and the ankle are considered in this design. Another reason is that the major weight of the body acts on the knee and the foot while walking. The working of the robot is mainly based on the layered control algorithm embedded on the microcontroller acting through the sensors and actuators. Pressure sensors are used to measure the applied pressure and electrical actuators are used due to their lesser weight. Based on the experimental results obtained with the working robot the design would be fine-tuned for optimized performance.
A Mechatronics Approach for Design of Multiview Image Acquisition Setup for Scene Reconstruction with Single Camera
Authors: Senthilnathan R. , Anand R. , Suresh Kumar Roshan , Keseri Shreyansh
Published: September 2016

Conventional design approach is being actively replaced by concurrent design approach in the context of interdisciplinary systems. The proposed research work intends to develop a single moving camera based stereo vision system for scene reconstruction with the intrinsic advantage of multi-directional fields of view. The conventional stereo vision setup uses two stationary passive cameras to capture images of a scene from different vantage points. The proposed system imparts varying mechanical degrees of freedom motion for both the object and the camera which aids in acquiring sequence of images which covers all the visible regions of the object of interest. This gives better detail of the scene under consideration as compared to the conventional two images based stereopsis. A mechatronics design approach has been presented which carefully integrates various elements of the system such as the mechanisms, actuators, sensors and the electronic controller. The paper clearly pin points the cues for the design of the mechanical system which are obtained from the requirements of the computer vision system. The relative pose between the camera and the scene is governed by three independent degrees of freedom namely rotation angle for the object, tilt and working distance for the camera. The selection of the aforementioned parameters is decided by the specifications such as field of view, size of the object and sensor and spatial resolution. The proposed design predicts the system to enjoy benefits of reduced cost and improved flexibility in general.
Design, Development and Electromagnetic Analysis of a Linear Induction Motor
Authors: Ganesh Sampath V. , Abhishek Kadaverla , Lenin N.C.
Published: September 2016

Linear induction motors (LIMs) are a very effective drive mechanism for actuation and transportation systems. LIMs are capable of generating a non adhesive thrust force, providing both propulsion and levitation forces and is hence considered as a promising propulsion system [1]. LIMs are used in rapid transportation, baggage handling conveyors (belt conveyors), crane drives, theme park rides, induction pumps, impact extrusion machines, flexible manufacturing systems etc. This is attributed to various advantages LIMs have such as, high starting thrust, simple mechanical design and construction, alleviation of gears between motor and the motion device, no backlash, small friction and sustainability for low speed and high speed applications making LIM a strong candidate in applications with linear motion. Force can be uniformly applied to the conveyor belt over a wide area without any mechanical contact by using LIMs to drive conveyor belts, making the drive independent of frictional losses between the rollers and belt. This paper presents a design guide for a longitudinal flux single sided linear induction motor for conveyor application. The design parameters have been verified using two dimensional finite element analysis (2D-FEA). Test results imply the features of LIM that make it a strong candidate for simple conveyor applications.
Assistive Device for Locomotion of Visually Impaired and Physically Challenged People
Authors: Sathish Sathish , Nithya Rajagopalan , Roshini N. , Nivethithaa S.
Published: September 2016

Dependency for mobility of physically challenged and visually impaired people is a major issue to be focused. To bring a safe and independent movement, we have designed and developed a mobility aid to assist them in locomotion. The device is designed using CATIA software. Our ideology is to control the navigation of the device by two modes. In the first mode, the navigation of the unit is governed by the voice command given by the user namely right, left, forward, reverse and stop. In the second mode, the device renders a reliable movement in the known environment which is achieved by feeding in a pre-defined layout. The navigation modes are regulated by a control unit.
Developing a Self-Localization System for Mobile Robot Using Ultrasonic Sensor Mesh
Authors: Deka Rajneesh , Kalaiarasan G. , Jegadeeshwaran R.
Published: September 2016

A hybrid self-localization system for indoor mobile robot is proposed which is used to get the pose (position and orientation) of the mobile robot within the ultrasonic mesh area while avoiding the drift caused by the odometry system of the robot. This localization system consist of three subsystem-odometry, IMU and ultrasonic mesh. The IMU system is fitted within the robot chassis. The ultrasonic mesh is made by fixing various ultrasonic trans-receivers along two lines parallel to the x-axis at known locations. The IMU system is used to get the heading of the robot and the ultrasonic mesh is used to get the position of the robot, however the odometry system gives both position and orientation of the robot. A simple error threshold based algorithm is used to select the best value of robot pose from the sub-systems.
Design and Fabrication of Remotely Controllable Semi-Automated Vehicle for Air Quality Analysis
Authors: Dilli Babu U. , Raghukiran Nadimpalli
Published: September 2016

In the modern era, the environmental issues have taken significant toll on human lives. Air pollution across indoor and outdoor environment are sometime dangerous for human health and it needs to be addressed. In the present work, an attempt has been done to develop remotely controllable semi-automated vehicle for air quality analysis. The semi-automated vehicle has been equipped with gas sensor for analyzing air quality in a given target area. Camera has been installed in the vehicle to monitor and navigate the target area, which will help the user to attain an effective path. The semi-automated vehicle is controlled by using remote control device and wireless connection system. The sensor will sense the air quality in the target area and the achieved results will be fed to the user via wireless communication. It makes easy for the user to do air pollution monitoring check and also to prevent the gas poisoning cases from the occurrence.
Mathematical Analysis of MWCNT Based Aluminum Alloy Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Ratna Kumar P.S. Samuel , Alexis S. John , Smart D.S. Robinson
Published: September 2016

The interest in Multiwall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) as reinforcement for Aluminium alloy has been growing considerably because of its significant properties such as high Strength, elastic modulus, flexibility and high aspect ratios which makes the combination for being used in aerospace, automobile and marine applications. This work mainly focuses on the theoretical analysis of Strength and Young’s modulus of MWCNT addition with Aluminium 5083 metal matrix composite for different compositions like 1, 1.25, 1.5 and 1.75 weight %, representing that the MWCNT are effective reinforcement. The predicted value shows that, the addition of MWCNT is increasing the Young’s modulus and Strength for the composite compared to the AA5083 (Aluminium alloy).
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis with erythema nodosum and polyarthritis
Authors: Alungal J. , Abdulla M.C. , Narayan R.
Published: September 2016

A 25 year-old woman presented with a painful mass in the left breast, polyarthritis and erythema nodosum. Fine needle aspiration cytology led to a diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis. Oral prednisolone rapidly improved the arthritis and the erythema nodosum. Granulomatous mastitis is a very rare, chronic inflammatory disease and only ten patients with granulomatous mastitis with erythema nodosum and polyarthitis have been described.
Isolated oculocutaneous sarcoidosis in a teenage male: a rare case report
Authors: Aggarwal H.K. , Jain D. , Mittal A. , Dabas G.
Published: September 2016

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease with multisystem involvement characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas. It can affect virtually every organ of the body, with lung involvement being most common occurring in >90% of patients. Other organs affected are skin, eye and liver. Skin involvement is common, affecting 25-35%. Here we present a rare case of a 15 year-old male with isolated oculocutaneous sarcoidosis without systemic involvement.
Critical finger ischemia and myocardial fibrosis development after sudden interruption of sildenafil treatment in a systemic sclerosis patient
Authors: Bruni C. , Bellando-Randone S. , Gargani L. , Picano E. , Pingitore A. , Matucci-Cerinic M. , Guiducci S.
Published: September 2016

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease frequently associated with Raynaud’s Phenomenon (RP). Among possible pharmacological treatments, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors are considered in cases of severe non -responsive RP. We present the case of a male SSc patient wh presented with critical finger ischemia and concomitant appearance of myocardial fibrosis after sudden interruption of sildenafil treatment.