bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐101: Temperature‐Dependent Behavioral Model of Twisted Nematic Pixel in Active‐Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Kim Jong‐Man , Lee Seung‐Woo
Published: July 2015

This paper proposes a temperature‐dependent behavioral circuit model to predict optical characteristics of an active‐matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) with twisted‐nematic (TN) mode. By the simulation, we found that the movement of LCs has a linear relationship depending on the ambient temperature. The simulation results of the transient optical responses show excellent matches with the measurement ones regardless of ambient temperature.
P‐34: Curved OLED Display to Effectively Enhance Natural3D
Authors: Yanagisawa Yuichi , Ikeda Hisao , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Hirose Michitaka , Kasuga Masao
Published: July 2015

For displays of different sizes, we find optimal display curvatures that enhance natural3D® produced by a 2D image without parallax, and reduce tiredness through a statistical test. In addition, we quantitatively evaluate the relation between natural3D and high contrast of organic light‐emitting diode displays.
P‐35: The Prospect Assessment of 65+ Inch TVs Based on the Size of Mainstream Living Rooms in China
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhou Li , Liu Ke , He Xuan , Liu Xindong , Li Zhongjun
Published: July 2015

The prospect of 65"+ high‐resolution TVs was assessed by analyzing the sizes of mainstream living rooms in China. Quantitative data analysis shows that 65‐77" high resolution TVs, which can fit into typical apartment elevators for transportation, are well suited for wall decoration and provide excellent visual experience at the meantime.
P‐36: Subjective Size of News Presenter Shrinking with Recent Enlargement of Display Size in Japan
Authors: Kumagai Youhei , Nagata Kohki , Kihara Ken , Ohtsuka Sakuichi
Published: July 2015

Subjective and objective sizes of news presenter(s) in Japan's ground‐wave digital television news programs in 2011 were compared to those in 2014. The results show that (1) average subjective size decreased but not the objective size, and (2) the most significant transition was observed in weather‐forecast programs.
P‐157L: Late‐News Poster: Subjective Assessment of Simulated Curved Displays for Ultra‐High‐Definition TV in a Large Size and Wide Viewing Angle Environment
Authors: Ohtsuka Sakuichi , Imabayashi Chihiro , Kumagai Youhei , Nagata Kohki , Kihara Ken
Published: July 2015

Visibility of flat and curved simulated displays with 8K resolution are compared. Experiments show that (1) curved displays are preferred over flat ones, however, (2) curved displays with high resolutions might induce strong shape‐aftereffects, even if the curvature is small. This suggests visual effects of geometrical distortions in curved displays should be examined further.
P‐105: Field‐induced Diffraction in Polymer‐stabilized In‐plane Switching Liquid Crystals with Vertical Alignment
Authors: Weng Libo , Lee Seung Hee , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: July 2015

A liquid crystal device which shows the capacity to perform as an electrical switchable diffraction grating is demonstrated. Periodical modulation in field‐induced refractive index was realized in the in‐plane switching liquid crystal device with vertical alignment, which resulted in distinct voltage‐dependent diffraction patterns.
P‐39: High Speed and Power‐Saving Interface for High‐Resolution and Low Power Display Panel
Authors: Liu Hsi‐En , Su Chun‐Jen , Cheng Chih‐Kang , Liu Wen‐Kuen
Published: July 2015

An 8‐bit, 1446‐channel source driver IC for the 2K resolution application has been presented. The proposed source IC adopts the point‐to‐point (P2P) interface with the embedded clock to achieve the high video data rate requirement. The fine‐grained control has also been developed for the interface to operate with very low power consumption, which is as low as one‐fourth that of the traditional design. The source driver is implemented in a 0.15 m 1.8V/13.5V high‐voltage process. The maximum data rate with a 1.8V supply voltage is up to 2.25Gbps.
P‐108: Eye‐Tracking IPS 3D Display with a Liquid Crystal Barrier
Authors: Oka Shinichiro , Koito Takeo , Yang Yingbao , Sugiyama Hiroki , Hyodo Yosuke , Maeda Yuji , Ochiai Takahiro , Takahashi Tomoyuki , Komura Shinichi
Published: July 2015

We have developed a new eye‐tracking IPS 3D display with a liquid crystal active barrier. A new IPS electrode and active barrier were developed to facilitate 3D wide viewing angle characteristics, low crosstalk and a smooth moving barrier in a 3D eye‐tracking system. The important parameters for the eye‐tracking 3D display are low crosstalk, fast response time of the LC barrier, and wide viewing angle of the image, to show a wide and smooth 3D image. In this paper, a new active barrier electrode, a new liquid crystal material, and a new IPS electrode are introduced for 3D displays using an eye‐tracking system.
P‐109: Fast Flexoelectro‐Optic Liquid Crystal Device Operating at Room Temperature
Authors: Varanytsia Andrii , Kim Kyeong‐Jin , Hwang Jung‐Im , Baek Ji‐Ho , Jun Mike , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: July 2015

A uniform lying helix liquid crystal device with a large flexoelastic coefficient, fast flexoelectric switching and operating at a room temperature is presented. We describe a liquid crystal (LC) mixture for flexoelecro‐optic LC mode made from constituents with smaller and larger flexoelectric coefficients with different temperature ranges of LC phases.
P‐45: Simple Low‐Noise Gate Driver Circuit for Slim‐Border and High‐Resolution Applications
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Cheng Mao‐Hsun , Du Yuan‐Wei , Lai Po‐Cheng
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a novel and simple integrated gate driver circuit composed of only four thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and three capacitors for slim‐border and high‐resolution applications. The input TFT has multi‐functions to reduce the components of the circuit and its driving capability is enhanced to improve the rising time of the output waveform, so the size of the input TFT can be decreased. Moreover, the large‐size pullup TFT is also used to discharge the row line for decreasing the falling time of the output waveform, so that an additional largesize pull‐down TFT can be eliminated for further diminishing the circuit area. Importantly, an inverse‐coupling method is introduced to suppress the noise of the row line, which can also lessen the number of TFTs and simplify the circuit structure.
P‐169L: Late‐News Poster: Electro‐Optic Variation in AH‐IPS Liquid Crystal Mode by Controlling the Flexoelectric Effect of Liquid Crystal
Authors: Lee Dong‐Jin , Park Min‐Kyu , Kim Jin‐Tae , Baek Ji‐Ho , Lee Joun‐Ho , Choi Hyunchul , Ranjkesh Amid , Kim Hak‐Rin
Published: July 2015

We investigated the electro‐optic variation depending on the flexoelectric effect (FE) of liquid crystal in advanced high performance in‐plane switching (AH‐IPS) LC mode using a high speed camera. The AH‐IPS LC mode showed different flicker behavior and DC offset depending on the position in a cell at the low frequency operation. We could find out that ripple phenomenon, which occurred at the moment of frame change, was related to the different response time between splay and bend transitions and it was also caused by the FE effect.
P‐158L: Late‐News Poster: Development of A Silicon Process with Device Mobility >500 Cm2/V‐Sec Suitable for a Large‐Area Display Backplane Using Embedded Single‐Crystal Silicon Particles
Authors: Chen Feng , Tarighat Roohollah Samadzadeh , Hill Graham , Vieth John , Sivoththaman Siva , Dykaar Douglas R.
Published: July 2015

We report device mobility >500 cm2/V·s in a scalable process suitable for electronic backplanes for large area OLED displays. Ceramic substrates as large as 4×4 inches were fabricated utilizing planarized regions of Single Crystal Silicon (SCS).
P‐56: High Resolution Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Panel Fabricated by Ink Jet Printing Process
Authors: Chen Peng‐Yu , Chen Chien‐Chuan , Hsieh Cheng‐Chih , Lin Ju‐Mei , Lin Yu‐Syuan , Lin Yusin
Published: July 2015

Displays using organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been regarded as the next‐generation display with an exceptional image performance. Ink jet printing is expected to be an emerging manufacturing method for large size displays. In this paper, we successfully demonstrated a 200 ppi OLED panel fabricated by the ink jet printing process. Our research shows that the ink jet printing approach not only can be used for large sized displays but also for small‐to medium‐sized displays and produce resolution exceeding 200 ppi..
P‐60: High Edge Strength Glass for Mobile Devices
Authors: Ikeda Hikaru , Kinoshita Kiyotaka , Fukada Mutumu , Kawamoto Kosuke , Murata Takashi , Choju Ken , Ohji Masahiko , Yamazaki Hiroki
Published: July 2015

A new evaluation method of the “Edge Impact Test” has been developed. Breakage of cover glass from the edge is enabled to evaluate quantitatively by this method. It is found that resistance to edge impact damage has a correlation with the CT of glass, and a high CS is more effective to improve resistance to the edge impact damage than deep DOL.
P‐62: Silicone Adhesive Providing Protection, Waterproofing and Reworkability for Precision Assembly of Electronic Devices
Authors: Schneider Ryan F. , Gordon Glenn V. , Kim Sung Hyun , Lee Gwang Su , Tonge James S.
Published: July 2015

The performance of a unique silicone hot‐melt bonding solution for device fabrications is described. Inherent attributes of traditional silicones including water repellency, chemical resistance and durability are augmented with automated precision hot‐melt delivery. Other properties include instant room‐temperature adhesion to provide ingress and impact protection while allowing manufacturers the benefit of reworkability and design flexibility.
P‐63: Effect of Glass Substrate Characteristics on Pattern Tolerance in Inverted Staggered Type TFT Array Fabrication
Authors: Hayashi Kazutaka , Kato Yasumasa , Kunigita Masaya
Published: July 2015

Deformation during a TFT fabrication process affects pattern tolerance because out of plane displacement may cause distortion of projected image of the pattern such as TFT, wiring, black matrix etc. The effect of glass properties on warpage caused during gate metal deposition and gate insulator deposition was investigated through numerical simulation. We found that thermal expansion coefficient of the glass substrate as well as Young's modulus should be taken into account to reduce the warpage.
P‐64: Influence of Laser Sealing Process on Frit Hermetical Performance
Authors: Xiao Alex , Cui Daric , Shin Jiang Huan , Chen Xu
Published: July 2015

Long life time and high mechanical strength of organic light emitting diode (OLED) can be achieved via located heating glass frit by near infrared laser exposure. In this paper, influence of laser sealing process on frit hermetical performance is investigated. Rough surface of frit after laser scan may lead to the defect called frit mura, which is proved to decrease the adhesive strength of OLED device. It is found that low power of laser scan can alleviate frit mura. However, the real seal width is small, which is not expected for high hermeticity and mechanical strength. Thus, optimal double laser scan process is presented.
P‐67: Viewing Angle and Imaging Multispectral Characterization of OLED Displays
Authors: Boher Pierre , Leroux Thierry , Collomb‐Patton Veronique , Bignon Thibault
Published: July 2015

OLED displays exhibit luminance fluctuations and color shifts that can be sensitive to human eye in particular conditions. Using viewing angle and imaging multispectral measurements we show that color shifts are generally related to multilayered structure of each sub‐pixel. Interference fringes result in angular variations and thickness variations in surface non‐uniformities.
P‐73: Lenticular Lens Parameter Estimation Using Single Image for Crosstalk Reduction of Three‐Dimensional Multi‐View Display
Authors: Hwang Hyoseok , Park Juyong , Chang Hyun Sung , Jeong Young Ju , Nam Dongkyung , Kweon In So
Published: July 2015

A novel method of estimating the parameters of a lenticular lens array is proposed. A single display image with a stripe pattern is used to estimate the slanted angle and pitch of a lenticular lens. The lens parameters can be derived from the observed pattern parameters of a captured image. Experiments with a simulated data set result in slanted angle and pitch estimation errors of 0.0077° and 0.0002 mm, respectively. The proposed method is also robust to image noise. We verify the performance of our method, which reduces crosstalk when applied to a conventional multi‐view display.
P‐125: Maskless RGB Color Patterning via Dye Diffusion for Vacuum‐Deposited Small Molecule OLED Displays
Authors: Kajiyama Yoshitaka , Borel Thomas , Kajiyama Koichi , Aziz Hany
Published: July 2015

A maskless RGB color patterning technique based on dye diffusion is proposed here for vacuum‐deposited small molecule OLED displays. This approach utilizes selective diffusion of dyes through thermal diffusion via physical contact for color patterning. The proposed maskless color patterning technique enables us to overcome challenging issues in the conventional color patterning technique using fine metal shadow masks. The maskless color patterning technique based on dye diffusion has been suggested as a color patterning technique for polymer OLEDs. However, it has not yet been applied to vacuum‐deposited small molecule OLEDs likely due to several expected concerns such as limited diffusion and contact‐induced damage in small molecule films. The purpose of the present study is therefore to test whether the color pattering technique based on dye diffusion can be applied to vacuum‐deposited small molecule OLEDs. In order to investigate that, red, green, and blue OLEDs are fabricated side by side on one substrate by doping dyes into host through thermal diffusion via physical contact. Device performance of the fabricated devices, including electroluminescence spectra and IVL characteristics, is tested to investigate if molecular diffusion is sufficient for obtaining desired color spectrum and investigate effects of the physical contact.
P‐126: Stable Measurement of 10‐6 gm‐2 day‐1 Water Vapor Transmission Rate in Barrier Materials by Intermittent Accumulation and Release by a Cold Trap
Authors: Nakano Yoichiro , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Kanno Toshiyuki , Yoshida Hajime , Shimada Toshihiro
Published: July 2015

We report an ultrasensitive and stable instrument for water vapor transmission rate evaluation. Water vapor permeated through gas barrier is condensed by a cold trap and measured by a mass spectrometer. Intermittent absorption and release operation of the cold trap enables the measurement immune to gradual change of background H2O.
P‐128: High‐Efficiency Hybrid Buffer Layer in Inverted Top‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Park Cheol Hwee , Lee Hyun Jun , Hwang Ju Hyun , Kim Kyu Nyun , Shim Yong Sub , Jung Sun‐Gyu , Bae Bong Han , Park Chan Hyuk , Lee Dong Jun , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong Kwon
Published: July 2015

A hybrid buffer layer with superior plasma protection ability and high injection efficiency was developed. The hybrid buffer layer composed by dual‐layered structure of HATCN/MoO3 enhances hole‐injection efficiency and protects organic layers under the top electrode. This hybrid buffer layers improve the electric characteristics of inverted top‐emitting organic light‐emitting diodes.
P‐130: Highly Conductive Graphene and PEDOT: PSS Hybrid Film with the Treatment by Hydroiodic Acid for Indium Tin Oxide‐Free Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Xinkai , Liu Jun , Wang Yang , Min Zhiyuan , Yang Meijun , He Gufeng
Published: July 2015

We proposed a simple dipping treatment with hydriodic acid (HI) at low temperature to fabricate highly conductive, transparent, uniform and flexible graphene oxide (GO) and poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hybrid film. Using the optimized hybrid film as anode, a fascinating flexible organic light‐emitting diode (FOLED) has been demonstrated.
P‐133: Optimized Anodes for Flexible Large Area OLEDs
Authors: Mühl Susan , Klein Marcus , Törker Michael , Richter Andreas
Published: July 2015

Slot die coated silver nanowires as OLED anode are developed. The influence of the coating parameters ‘shuttle velocity’ and ‘coating gap’ on the single layer properties transmittance and sheet resistance anisotropy is examined. The influence on the OLED performance is explored.
P‐134: Synthesis of Host Material for Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Derived From Bicarbazole Backbone Structure
Authors: Yoo Seung Gun , Hwang Seok Ho , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: July 2015

4,4′‐(9,9′‐[2,3′‐bicarbazole]‐9,9′‐diyl) bis(N,N‐di‐p‐tolylaniline) (44BBDT) was synthesized between 9H,9′H‐2,3′‐bicarbazole and 4‐bromo‐N,N‐di‐p‐tolylaniline as a host material in blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). This material showed high triplet energy above 2.78 eV. The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital were ‐5.76 eV and ‐2.47 eV, respectively. The 44BBDT was applied as the host material of the blue triplet emitter derived from phenylimidazole ligand and the 44BBDT device showed maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.8% with low driving voltage.
P‐136: New Materials for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Displaying Thermally‐Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: O'Connell Jenny L. , Macdonald James M. , Scully Andrew D. , Skidmore Melissa A. , Wilson Anthony J. , Bown Mark , Ueno Kazunori
Published: July 2015

Several examples of a new class of materials which exhibit thermally‐activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) were designed and synthesised. Structure‐activity relationships were explored in order to colour‐tune the fluorescence (from yellow to blue) and to improve the luminescence quantum yield. Device architectures were optimised for four materials in this class. Notably, the yellow device (CIE1931xy coordinates 0.407, 0.557) displays a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.3%.
P‐137: Improved Light Extraction of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes using Embedded Nanoscale Vacuum Line Layer
Authors: Shim Yong Sub , Lee Hyun Jun , Hwang Ju Hyun , Kim Kyu Nyun , Park Cheol Hwee , Jung Sun‐Gyu , Bae Bong Han , Lee Dong Jun , Park Chan Hyuk , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong‐Kwon
Published: July 2015

In this study, an organic light‐emitting diode with improved light extraction was fabricated by embedding nanoscale vacuum line layer (nVLL). The nVLL increases the optical efficiency both by the perspective of inserting extremely low refractive index materials between the substrate and the anode, and also by the photonic crystal effect from a nano‐periodic structure.
P‐139: Improved Power Efficiency of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes using Solution‐Processed CuSCN Hole Injection Layer
Authors: Sohn Jiho , Kwon Yongwon , Lee Changhee
Published: July 2015

We have introduced Copper(.) Thiocyanate (CuSCN) which is a wide bandgap, p‐type semiconductor material, effectively operating as a hole injection layer in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with solution process. The electrical and optical characteristics of CuSCN as a hole injection layer in OLED has been investigated.
P‐140: Novel ¼‐Wave Plate Film for OLED Panels
Authors: Osato Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Takao
Published: July 2015

We will introduce a novel ¼‐wave plate film (QWP) for OLED displays. This QWP film has a combination of positive and negative intrinsic properties, which results in high on‐and off‐axis contrast as well as low reflective color shift. It will be evaluated versus conventional films used in OLED panels.
3.2: Distinguished Student Paper: High Image Quality Wearable Displays with a Fast‐Response Liquid Crystal
Authors: Lou Zhenyue , Peng Fenglin , Chen Haiwei , Hu Minggang , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2015

We report two ultra‐low viscosity liquid crystals for high image quality wearable displays with a field sequential color LCOS. Our mixtures offer ~4X faster response time than a commercial material at 20°C and ~8X faster at −20°C. Such a fast response time offers vivid color, high ambient contrast ratio, low power consumption, and mitigated color breakup even at −20°C. Different LC modes and frame rates are also evaluated.
48.1: Invited Paper: Recent Advances in Standardization of Display Metrology and Light Measurement
Authors: Becker Michael E.
Published: July 2015

This paper provides an introduction to recent activities and achievements of three standardization organizations, CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage), IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization), insofar as they are relevant to display metrology and, more generally, to measurement of light. The status quo is summarized in this contribution and plans and schedules are presented.
P‐141: New High Tg Hole Transporters: High Performance at High Luminance for Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Kathirgamanathan Poopathy , Surendrakumar Siva , Ravichandran Seenivasagam , Kumaraverl Muttulingam , Ryu Misun , Kim Jeonggi , Kim Hyo‐Min , Jang Jin
Published: July 2015

We report details of a new hole transporter with a high Tg of 122 °C and high triplet energy (3.1 e.V.) which demonstrates a 30% improvement on the current efficiency and up to 50% improvement on the power efficiency compared to α‐NPB at a high luminance of 10000 cdm‐2 in green phosphorescent OLEDs without sacrificing the lifetime.
48.4: General Metrology Framework for Determining the Ambient Optical Performance of Flat Panel Displays
Authors: Penczek John , Kelley Edward F. , Boynton Paul A.
Published: July 2015

A framework is described which allows a generalized treatment of display ambient characteristics. The proposed methodology incorporates both display reflection and transmission properties. An LCD and OLED transparent display are used as an example to demonstrate the utility of this framework.
4.4: Dimension Control of CF Fabricated By Transfer Method
Authors: Furukawa Tadahiro , Tokito Shizuo
Published: July 2015

The theme of this study is control of the dimensional change before and after the transfer occurring in the transfer method. Choice of peelable layer materials and adhesives proved to be important for controlling dimensional change. Based on the results of this study, CF with ITO was actually fabricated by the new transfer method.
P‐173L: Late‐News Poster: Simple Light‐Extraction Technology for Flexible OLEDs
Authors: Bae Bong Han , Lee Hyun Jun , Hwang Ju Hyun , Kim Kyu Nyun , Shim Yong Sub , Park Cheol Hwee , Jung Sun Gyu , Park Chan Hyuk , Lee Dong Jun , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong Kwon
Published: July 2015

We demonstrated light extraction in flexible OLEDs(FOLEDs) by using nano‐sized random pattern(nRP). Simply fabricated nRP on flexible substrate reduced optical loss through scattering effect. Compared to conventional device, FOLEDs with nRP showed improved power(+36.36%), current(+25.64%) efficiency at luminance of 4000cd/cm2, and improved external quantum efficiency(+22.26%) at current density of 100mA/cm2.
39.4L: Late‐News Paper: Vertical Organic Transistors (V‐OFETs) for Truly Flexible AMOLED Displays
Authors: Furno Mauro , Kleemann Hans , Schwartz Gregor , Blochwitz‐Nimoth Jan
Published: July 2015

We report on the superior transistor performance of the vertical organic field‐effect transistor (V‐OFET), achieving up to 30x higher on‐currents than for reference horizontal organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with 30 µm channel length and same organic semiconductor material. Furthermore, V‐OFETs show excellent on/off ratios (>106), good current saturation, and high operational stability. We describe the integration of V‐OFETs as drive transistors into flexible backplanes. We demonstrate flexible AMOLED display prototypes with 100 PPI resolution and 4 inch diagonal size fabricated on low‐cost plastic substrates. This novel backplane technology based on organic materials shows promise to greatly enhance the flexibility of future AMOLED displays.
P‐174L: Late‐News Poster: Optimizing High Efficiency OLEDs Structure Based on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter
Authors: Park Chan Hyuk , Lee Hyun Jun , Hwang Ju Hyun , Kim Kyu Nyun , Shim Yong Sub , Park Cheol Hwee , Jung Sun‐Gyu , Bae Bong Han , Lee Dong Jun , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong‐Kwon
Published: July 2015

In this study, we report the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) having enhanced efficiency. We optimized TADF OLED by HTL, ETL materials and thickness. An enhanced power efficiency, current efficiency and external quantum efficiency were achieved in optimized TADF OLED.
40.1L: Late-News Paper: A Novel RGB Color Patterning Method for Organic Light‐Emitting‐Diodes: Joule‐heating Induced Color Patterning (JICP)
Authors: Hong Won‐Eui , Jang In-Goo , Lee Hae‐Jin , Park Doo‐Jung , Kim Young‐Kwan , Lee Ho‐Won , Lee Song‐Eun , Lassiter Brian , Haas Dieter , Ro Jae‐Sang
Published: July 2015

A novel RGB color patterning method for the fabrication of AMOLEDs was demonstrated on a lab scale in this work. Jouleheating Induced Color Patterning (JICP) is a high resolution patterning process where sublimation of small organic molecules is induced by applying electric pulse to a pre‐patterned conductive layer on a donor glass. It was found that the JICP process has a potential for high resolution patterning of >700 ppi and for patterning large‐sized panels such as Gen. 8 glass substrate.
P‐176L: Late‐News Poster: Deposition and Structuring Processes of a Newly Developed Transparent Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor for the Electron Transport and Injection Layers of AM‐OLEDs
Authors: Nakamura Nobuhiro , Watanabe Toshinari , Kim Junghwan , Watanabe Satoru , Matsuzaki Eiji , Toda Yoshitake , Miyakawa Naomichi , Fujitsu Satoru , Hosono Hideo
Published: July 2015

Processes of a new transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor (TAOS) as ETL and EIL were developed. Conventional processes can be applied for the deposition and structuring of the new TAOS, which enables to fabricate inverted OLEDs. The new TAOS materials make it possible to realize thicker ETL, potentially giving impacts not only on yield, but also on higher aperture ratio and cost reduction by omitting resin banks.
50.2: Invited Paper: Stroboscopic Effect of LED Lighting
Authors: Wang Lili , Tu Yan , Liu Lu , Perz Malgorzata , Vogels Ingrid MLC , Heynderickx Ingrid EJ
Published: July 2015

The stroboscopic effect is one of the most visible artifact of temporally modulated light, which exists even at relatively high frequencies. It especially becomes apparent with LED lighting, because of its fast temporal response to changes in the driving signal. This paper describes a method to measure the visibility of the stroboscopic effect, and discusses the impact of frequency, duty cycle, wave shape and intensity. All experimental results are combined to define a measure that accurately predicts the visibility of the stroboscopic effect based on the weighted summation of the energy in different frequency components of the driving signal. This measure can be used by industry to improve the perceived quality of LED lighting systems.
6.2: Hybrid‐Type Temperature Sensors Using Thin‐Film Transistors: Characteristic Comparion of n, p., and Pin‐Type Transistors
Authors: Kito Katsuya , Hayashi Hisashi , Kitajima Shuhei , Matsuda Tokiyoshi , Kimura Mutsumi
Published: July 2015

We have developed hybrid‐type temperature sensors using thinfilm transistors. Particularly in this presentation, we compare characteristics of those using n, p, and pin‐type transistors. For all types, temperature dependences of oscillation frequencies are confirmed, which indicates that they can be applied to temperature sensors.
P‐179L: Late‐News Poster: 13.3″ WQHD AMOLED Notebook Utilizing High Mobility BCE Type TFTs
Authors: Xin Longbao , Liu Fengjuan , Tseng Szu‐Heng , Wu Chang‐Yen , Wang Dongfang , Yan Liangchen , Wang Meili , Yuan Guangcai , Wang Gang
Published: July 2015

We report oxide TFT AMOLED WQHD‐13.3inch notebook display in BOE. For future product performance requirement, the panel used BCE TFTs exhibit high mobility in the backplane of the display, and a top‐emission white OLED+CF structure is used in the display. The high quality organic EL element has a tandem structure. The panel achieved a high NTSC ratio of 90% and high view angle (±60° Δµν<0.02).
50.4: Relation between Short‐term and Long‐term Assessment of Glare
Authors: Chen Yanda , Tu Yan , Zhang Jihuang , Lu Fan , Liu Lu , Wang Lili , Peng Sheng , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: July 2015

By combining two experiments, we evaluated to what extent short‐term evaluation of discomfort glare is a good prediction for long‐term exposure to the same lighting condition. The results indicated that glare reported after long time exposure was equal or slightly lower than what was assessed after short‐term exposure, reducing the need for longer‐term experiments.
6.3: Adaptable Light Beaming and Shaping with LED Matrix and Lens Array
Authors: Wang Feixia , Zhang Yuning , Wang Jieyu , Li Xiaohua
Published: July 2015

A lighting system which consists of a 32×32×RGB LED matrix and an 8×8 Fresnel lens array is proposed and demonstrated. It accomplishes a localized lighting with 4×4 addressable regions for power saving. It projects colorful patterns on the ground or a wall for atmosphere heightening. Device parameters were studied and optimized taking account of power saving and lighting effect.
41.1: Development of RGBw LCD with Edge Lit 2D Local Dimming System for Automotive Applications
Authors: Takasaki Naoyuki , Harada Tsutomu , Sakaigawa Akira , Sako Kazuhiko , Mifune Masayuki , Shiraishi Yasuhisa
Published: July 2015

We have developed 10‐inch RGBW LCD with edge‐lit 2D local dimming backlight system for automotive applications. This prototype system has power consumption reduction performance of 41.5% compared to a conventional RGB display without local dimming backlight. The performance and evaluation results are described in this paper.
23.1: Invited Paper: Colloidal Dispersion Materials for Electrophoretic Displays and Beyond
Authors: Goulding Mark , Smith Nathan , Farrand Louise , Topping Claire , Norman Sarah , Sauter Annabelle , Cooper Guy , Jin Heui Seok , Lee Ji Young
Published: July 2015

Electrophoretic‐based (EP) technology is a leading option for black & white reflective display media, notably for e‐Readers. There is great future potential to extend electrophoretic and other colloidal dispersion based displays into a range of new application fields, such as digital signage, wearable displays and “smart windows”. These new applications require novel particle and fluid concepts, which present many materials design challenges; especially bright colour, image stability and ultra low power consumption. The paper will discuss the state of the art and present new materials for a range of pixel architectures.
41.2: High Reliability Integrated Gate Driver Circuit in Panel for Automotive Display
Authors: Shim Dahye , Choi Joung‐Mi , Jang Hyung‐Uk , Nam Sang‐Jin , Kim Dong‐Kyu , Yoo Seung‐Jin , Kim Tae‐Hun , Lee Ju‐Young , Jun Myung‐chul , Kang In‐Byeong
Published: July 2015

The automotive display system requires high reliability to the longterm usage and the wide operation temperature range. The performance of the display system relies on the characteristics of a‐Si:H transistors in the driver circuit. We here propose the new a‐Si:H integrated gate driver circuit, where the self‐compensation transistors are intentionally added to stabilize the bias conditions at the extreme environment. The additional pull‐down transistors, only operating at low temperatures, compensate the decreased oncurrent of the circuit at the extreme condition. This consequently improves the reliability of the output characteristics for the display system.
P‐143: 4‐D Floating Holographic‐Like Image Display
Authors: Li Kenneth
Published: July 2015

There are various methods in producing 3‐D floating holographic‐like images that are stationary in space. This paper presents a floating holographic‐like image display optical system with a 4th dimension in which as the object moves in space, the image will move at the same time in space at another location based on the configuration of the optical system. A zoom lens system will be described such that the motion of the object is created by the zoom lens system without actual movement of the object resulting a movement of the image as if the object is actually moving. A single panel display system will also be described such that a floating holographic‐like image from a portion of the display will be made floating in front of another portion of the display using the 4‐D optical system folded to provide a thin profile. These systems will be suitable for theme parks, display windows, kiosks, and for security purposes.
41.3: Invited Paper: Megatrends Driving Automotive Displays And Associated Mega Issues
Authors: Russo Paul M.
Published: July 2015

The accelerating growth in the use of advanced electronic safety, convenience and semi‐autonomous driving systems in autos will generate massive amounts of information that must be conveyed to drivers. Displays are evolving rapidly to provide this information in safe and efficient ways. Auto displays will increasingly resemble airplane cockpits. From reconfigurable large area high‐resolution LCD displays to HUD systems offering increasing content while the drivers' eyes remain focused on the road, new classes of displays will become the norm to allow drivers to easily absorb the critical information being generated. Challenges associated with these display transitions will also be discussed.
P‐146: Skin Resistance Measurement using Static Capacitive Touch Panel
Authors: Morimoto Yuhei , Yoneda Ryota , Hattori Reiji
Published: July 2015

We present a novel touch‐sensing system that detects the skin resistance of a touched finger using a static capacitive touch panel. The employed frequency‐scan method enables us to measure skin resistance regardless of touching conditions. The proposed system can create new touch‐sensor applications such as multiuser system and bioelectrical sensing.
52.1: Analysis of Self‐Heating and Negative Capacitance in Organic Semiconductors Devices
Authors: Knapp Evelyne , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: July 2015

A numerical model for charge transport in organic semiconductor devices that accounts for self‐heating is presented. In admittance spectroscopy this model reproduces the negative capacitance in bipolar, and more importantly, in single carrier devices. We show that self‐heating is crucial not only in large‐area OLEDs, but also in small‐area devices.
42.1: Comparison of Key Optical Measurements of Curved to Flat CD TVs and Their Impact on Image Quality
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz , Marsal Anatolij , Sycev Andrej
Published: July 2015

Curved displays are entering mass markets. We verified that a curved 55” LCD TV is superior compared to flat LCDs regarding viewing angle degradations. Reflections cause distracting effects due to geometrical optics. A LED stripe and a grid were used to measure the waviness of curvature.
42.2: Stress Induced Substrate Mura in Curved LCD
Authors: Hemanth Vepakomma K. , Ishikawa Tomohiro , Greene Raymond G.
Published: July 2015

Curving flat substrates creates retardance proportional to the square of the thickness, approximately three times the typical max value of flat substrates. These stress patterns have distinctive interactions with dark state VA and IPS LC modes. Curved substrate stress‐birefringence can create unique circular polarized edge mura through liquid crystal and substrate interactions.
P‐147: Organic Thin Film Transistors using Solution and Photolithography Process
Authors: Tu Chun‐Hao , Liang Yu‐Hsin , Hsiao Hsia‐Tsai , Peng Hsiang‐I , Liu Chu‐Yu , Chiang Ming‐Feng , Lin Yu‐Chieh
Published: July 2015

The organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) were fabricated and investigated in this study. Solution and photography technology were used for organic thin film formation and patterning. Also, the process temperatures were kept below 120 degree C for low temperature process development. Furthermore, the performances of OTFTs were investigated in this study, including electrical characteristics and reliability.
43.1: Invited Paper: UB‐FFS: New Materials for Advanced Mobile Applications
Authors: Engel Martin , Bernatz Georg , Götz Achim , Hirschmann Harald , Lee Sang‐Kyu
Published: July 2015

In the recent years, displays for mobile electronic devices have been revolutionized, mostly driven by smartphones and tablets. Strongest trends are (besides growing sizes) the ever‐increasing resolution, improved contrast, very good viewing angle and color performance. This went hand in hand with a trend to more “refined” display technologies, namely fringe field switching (FFS). Now, as the latest step, Ultra‐Brightness (UB‐) FFS is at the brink to widespread commercialization in mobile and IT displays. It can provide transmittance improvement of more than 15%. The Liquid Crystal (LC) plays a key role here, because UB‐FFS uses LCs with negative dielectric anisotropy — whereas “traditional” FFS uses LCs with positive dielectric anisotropy. There are two key challenges. First is providing LCs with a fast switching speed. Second point is keeping the high reliability level of FFS even though completely different materials with much higher challenges on reliability are used. In this paper the recent progress for both key points will be discussed.
43.2: New Fast Response Time In‐Plane Switching Liquid Crystal Mode
Authors: Matsushima Toshiharu , Okazaki Kengo , Yang Yingbao , Takizawa Keiji
Published: July 2015

We have developed an in‐plane switching (IPS) liquid crystal display with a fast response time that is three times faster than that for the comparable optical performance in the conventional IPS mode. The elastic energy function under the electric field is also analyzed.
24.3: Adaptive Optimization of Rendering for Multi‐Projector‐Type Light Field Display
Authors: Zhong Qing , Li Haifeng , Liu Xu , Chen Beishi , Xu Liang
Published: July 2015

An adaptive optimization in rendering process for multi‐projection‐type light field display is proposed. The optimization smoothed the scene that away from the screen to reduce the distortion, without affecting the scene that near the screen. Comparison shows that the optimization enhanced the overall display quality of the scene.
25.2: High‐Brightness Solid‐State Light Source for 4k Ultra‐Short‐Throw Projector
Authors: Maeda Yuki , Imai Yutaka , Ishige Masahiro , Kobayashi Izushi , Murakami Kojiro , Mochizuki Takahiro , Nomura Tsuneharu , Kikuchi Hiroki
Published: July 2015

We have developed technologies for a high‐output light source consisting of blue laser diodes and a reflective phosphor wheel for next generation 4K Ultra‐Short‐Throw Projector, and have achieved a fluorescence output of 87 W. As far as we know, it is the highest fluorescence output for projectors. We adopted a newly developed phosphor cooling mechanism and an inorganic binder for high reliability of the phosphor wheel. Therefore, no deterioration in the phosphor wheel could be observed over a time period of 7,500 hours. In this paper, we report on these lightsource technologies for achieving high output and high reliability.
26.2: Invited Paper: High Brightness, Emissive Microdisplay by Integration of III‐V LEDs with Thin Film Silicon Transistors
Authors: Tull Brian R. , Basaran Zeynep , Gidony Dafna , Limanov Alexander B. , Im James S. , Kymissis Ioannis , Lee Vincent W.
Published: July 2015

As augmented reality and wearable technology increase in popularity there is a demand for truly see‐through glasses‐like displays. For high transparency optical systems a high‐brightness display is required to achieve high quality images, especially in bright ambient environments. We integrate thin film polycrystalline silicon transistors with conventional III‐V LED materials to achieve the brightness and efficiency demands. This paper outlines the various methods for fabricating emissive LED microdisplays and shows, for the first time, an active matrix LED array using thin film silicon transistors.
45.1: Invited Paper: Future Possibilities of Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor, Especially C‐Axis‐Aligned Crystalline IGZO
Authors: Yamazaki Shunpei , Matsuo Takuya
Published: July 2015

Through detailed analyses, the structure of c‐axis‐aligned crystalline (CAAC) IGZO, which is a dense, stable crystal morphology, is found to differ from single‐crystal and amorphous structures. We propose a model for determining its film deposition mechanism. CAAC‐IGZO field‐effect transistors find application in displays for use as human‐machine interfaces.
45.3: Invited Paper: High Performance Nanocrystalline ZnOxNy for Imaging and Display Applications
Authors: Lee Eunha , Shin Taeho , Benayad Anass , Lee HyungIk , Ko Dong‐Su , Kim HeeGoo , Jeon Sanghun , Park Gyeong‐Su
Published: July 2015

We present versatile ZnOxNy applicable to a wide range of imaging/display devices. A well‐optimized ZnOxNy material exhibits high mobility exceeding 100 cm2/Vs, bandgap of 1.3 eV and nanocrystalline microstructure with multiphase. Accordingly, the performance of ZnOxNy‐based device can be adjustable to meet the requisite of future electronic/photonic device elements.
46.4: Effects of Electron Injection Layer on Storage and Operational Stability of Air‐Stable OLEDs
Authors: Fukagawa Hirohiko , Morii Katsuyuki , Hasegawa Munehiro , Gouda Shun , Tsuzuki Toshimitsu , Shimizu Takahisa , Yamamoto Toshihiro
Published: July 2015

Air‐stable OLEDs are necessary for expanding the availability of OLEDs. We examined the configuration of the electron injection layer (EIL) suitable for air‐stable OLEDs. An OLED with high operational stability was demonstrated by employing a newly developed EIL that requires no chemical n‐doping for electron injection from the bottom cathode.
47.3: Invited Paper: World Fixed Augmented‐Reality HUD for Smart Notifications
Authors: Biswas Mainak , Xu Shili
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we present a Head‐Up Display (HUD) system that displays perspective correct surrounding information for driver safety. In our implementation, we display contrast enhanced ego lane information on the HUD during driving conditions with poor visibility. The use of HUD for Augmented Reality (AR) needs an accurate model of the picture generation process for proper visualization of the 3D content that is perspective accurate from the user view point. The system uses multiple computer vision techniques for the accurate visualization.

First, we use a camera calibration algorithm that uses view independent spatial geometry and view dependent perspective transformation that compensates for the distortion of the optics as well as the combiner. The calibration is done by capturing the test patterns from the front facing camera located close to the rear view mirror and a camera from the driver's point of view. Further registration of the HUD image is done through a head tracker that uses the camera mounted for the driver monitoring on the steering wheel. The second module detects the lane markings on the road and returns the location of the polygon in the camera co‐ordinate system. The image data bounded by this polygon is further enhanced to reduce the effect of haze, rain and insufficient illumination and blended with the camera input from the front facing camera. The HUD then projects the synthesized image that is perspective correct rendered in the vehicle co‐ordinate system.
8.3: Distinguished Paper: Next‐Generation Display Technology: Quantum‐Dot LEDs
Authors: Manders Jesse R. , Qian Lei , Titov Alexandre , Hyvonen Jake , Tokarz‐Scott Jean , Xue Jiangeng , Holloway Paul H.
Published: July 2015

Colloidal quantum dot‐based hybrid light‐emitting diodes (QDLEDs) have been demonstrated that exhibit quantum efficiencies >10% for all three fundamental colors (>18% for green), device lifetimes of >280K hours, extremely well‐tuned color fidelity approaching Rec. 2020 specifications, and complete solution processing to fabricate devices. The extremely desirable properties of color tunability/fidelity, long lifetime, and low cost processing from solutions makes QD‐LED technology disruptive and will lead to next generation displays.
I1.1: Invited Paper: Light Field Imaging
Authors: Akeley Kurt
Published: July 2015

Commercial light field imaging systems that support photography, depth analysis, and other applications are becoming available. We summarize the development of light field photography over the past century, briefly address issues such as depth of field and final‐image resolution, and identify future photographic and imaging opportunities.
I1.3: Invited Paper: Immersive Applications based on Depth‐Imaging and 3D‐Sensing Technology
Authors: Bhowmik Achintya K. , BenHimane Selim , Kutliroff Gershom , Molyneaux David , Lucas Blake C. , Rand Chaim , Ho Hon Pong
Published: July 2015

The recent developments in depth‐imaging and 3D computer vision techniques allow efficient and real‐time acquisition, reconstruction, and understanding of the 3D environment, which enable an array of life‐like and immersive applications. We show here an excerpt of some of the key technologies spanning sensors, algorithms, and system integration based on depth imaging and 3D sensing technology. The small form factor, the low power and the real‐time depth image capture are the key enablers. We talk here about emerging trends in this burgeoning field and new enabled applications that include immersive and interactive gaming, virtual home and office decoration, virtual cloth fitting, video conferencing with custom background and synthetic environment, education and training, and numerous other new entertainment and productivity usages with natural and intuitive interactions.
65.4: Organic Thin Film Transistor Driven Backplane for Flexible Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Tang Wen‐Chung , Hsu Cheng‐Hang , Lin Kuan‐Yi , Chen Po‐Wei , Hsu Yu‐Ling , Wang Yu‐Ling , Chang Kuo‐Yan , Chang Yung‐Sheng , Tsai Chuang‐Chuang
Published: July 2015

A solution based flexible N‐type organic TFTs (OTFTs) backplane on polymer film is developed and processed in an existing Gen‐2 a‐ Si TFT production line. The integrated OTFTs device shows good mobility at 1.5 cm2/Vs, Vth at 2V and SS smaller than 1. A Flexible Electrophoretic Display (EPD) module driven by this N‐type OTFTs backplane is also developed. The optical performance of this flexible EPD module remains unchanged even after bending operation, which enables the advent of a truly flexible display application in the near future.
9.2: A Novel Lamination Process for Flexible AMOLED Encapsulation
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Song , Sun Tao , Du Xiao‐bo , Gao Jing , Zhou Wei‐Feng , Wang Da‐Wei
Published: July 2015

In order to decrease the bending radius of flexible OLED, an ultra‐thin barrier film (UTBF) was developed and applied on the 4.8 inch flexible AMOLED display for reduce the total thickness of the panel. Furthermore, a novel transfer lamination process assisted with a thermal release adhesive was applied into the encapsulation process with a high‐precision alignment system. The cathode‐peeling risk during display lift‐off process and bending process declined remarkably. The storage lifetime of the AMOLED is more than 240 hours at 60 °C and 90% RH and the bending times reached to 10,000 times at a 4mmφ radius.
66.2: A Tracked Automultiscopic 3D Tabletop
Authors: Smithwick Quinn , Honeck Michael
Published: July 2015

To make a large wide field‐of‐view 3D tabletop display which does not require viewers donning 3D glasses, we investigate an autostereoscopic extension of anamorphic projection. We created a 42″ autostereoscopic tabletop using a commercial lenticular display with viewer tracking and multiscopic viewpoint reprojection to overcome the lenticular display's inherent limitations, such as horizontal‐parallax‐only perspectives, limited field‐of‐view and repeated viewzones. A single viewer can observe full‐parallax synthetic 3D objects on the large autostereo tabletop over a wide field of view (120°) without the need for 3D glasses.