bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dilemma of the Energy Law and Policy Triangle in Recent Energy Laws and Policies in Bangladesh
Authors: Sourav Raisul Islam
Published: January 2018

The energy law and policy triangle are a complex area where energy law and policy are situated at the centre of a triangle and three other inalienable horns relating to this i.e. energy supply and energy security, cost relating to production of energy and environmental protection and preservation equally pull energy law and policy towards their direction. However, the energy law and policy emerge as a concern all over the world and states are taking initiative to ensure a balance among these three dilemmas. It is the reality that Bangladesh suffers severe shortage in power generation which also affects its overall economic development. Hence, in one hand, it needs to ensure continuous energy supply which is closely connected with country’s energy security also. On the other hand, it also needs to make a balance between the challenges of producing energy in affordable cost which will not adversely affect the environment as well. Nevertheless, Bangladesh, being a lower-middle income country at least put focus on the energy law and policy triangle in recent years. Still ensuring balance among these three opposite directions is still a challenge for Bangladesh. Despite that, the recent laws and policies relating to energy in Bangladesh show its commitment towards climate change mitigation which encourages more production and use of renewable energies in the country. Although there are some deficiencies in those laws and policies which can be overcome by further initiative. The State can reaffirm its position towards environmentally friendly affordable energy by amending those policies and legislations. This research paper is aimed to assess the dilemma of the Energy Law and Policy Triangle in recently legislated energy related laws and policies in Bangladesh.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 10-15Uploaded date: January 14, 2018
“Hamro Jhora, Hamro Pani” (Our Spring, Our Water): Water and the Politics of Appropriation of ‘Commons’ in Darjeeling Town, India
Authors: Chakraborty Anup Shekhar
Published: January 2018

Based on the study of Darjeeling Municipality, the paper engages with issues pertaining to understanding the matrixes of power relations involved in the supply of water in Darjeeling town in India. The discussions in the paper focuses on urbanization, the shrinking water resources, and increased demand for water on the one hand; and the role of local administration, the emergence of the water mafia, and the ‘Samaj’ (society) all contributing to a skewed and inequitable distribution of water and the assumption of proprietorship or the appropriation of water commons, culminating in the accentuation of water-rights deprivation in Darjeeling Municipal Area. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 16-24Uploaded date: January 14, 2018
China’s SHP Policy and its Role in Promoting SHP Development
Authors: Heng Liu , Xiaobo Hu , Shiji Chu
Published: January 2018

The development of China’s small hydropower (SHP) has a history of over 100 years. Especially after the formal establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), China has attached great importance to the development of SHP and implemented specific policies to overcome the challenges at different stages of SHP development. This paper briefly introduces the management system of SHP in the Chinese context, reviews different policies related to SHP development, analyzes the role of different policies in promoting SHP development over time, and finally discusses the pertinence, effectiveness and sustainability of SHP policies. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 25-33Uploaded date: January 14, 2018
Peak Demand Management in Micro Hydro using Battery Bank
Authors: Paudel Pradeep , Wasti Shailesh
Published: January 2018

Millions of Nepali inhabit in a far-flung hamlet of Nepal, where the extension of national grid is unlikely even in the new future. Isolated Micro-hydro power plants are extensively used in these areas. This paper addresses the problem of deficient electricity during peak period in existing conventional micro-hydro plants by the introduction of battery storage in the plant. Micro-hydro plant with battery bank storages surplus power, which would be wasted in case of conventional micro-hydro plant, during off- peak period and supplies during peak period. The control strategies for Electronic Load Controller (ELC), three - phase ac/dc converter and buck converter are realized in Matlab Simulink environment. The simulated system was able to store surplus power into battery bank when load demand was less than power generated by Synchronous Generator (SG) and supply when the load demand was higher than generator’s generation. This model can be implemented in the already existing micro-hydro plants where the load demand for a short time has increased beyond generation capacity of generator. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 34-40Uploaded date: January 14, 2018
Comparison between Predicted Rock Mass Classes and Actual Rock Mass Classes in Headrace Tunnel of Upper Mai Hydroelectric Project, Nepal
Authors: Chaulagai Kanchan
Published: January 2018

This study involves comparison of predicted rock mass classes in design stage with actual rock mass classes of headrace tunnel of Upper Mai Hydroelectric Project. The total length of headrace tunnel is 2070.52 m. The lithology of the study area consists of gneiss, schistose gneiss and mica schist. The rock mass classifications, Q-system were used to predict rock mass classes during the design phase as well as for classify rock mass during excavation of headrace tunnel. The applicability and validity of proposed classification has been checked by comparing the prediction with actual observation after completion of excavation. It was found that the predicted classes does not exactly matches with the actual rock masses as a results effecting in construction time as well as in cost and economy of the project. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 41-44Uploaded date: January 14, 2018
Characterization and Quantification of Municipal Solid Waste in Jeetpur Simara Sub- Metropolitan City, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Yubraj , Adhikari Bikash
Published: January 2018

Waste management, being one of the most important aspects of urban development, is gaining importance among developing nation like Nepal where rapid population growth, unmanaged urbanization, lack of public awareness and poor management by municipalities have intensified environmental problems in towns in Nepal. In Nepal only six municipalities i.e. Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Pokhara, Dhankuta, Tansen and Ghorahi practice sanitary landfill for waste management and other municipality practices open dumping which has become major cause of environmental and human health hazards (ADB, 2013).Jeetpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan City (JSSMC) is a recently formed sub-metropolitan city. This city has not performed any study on solid waste management till date and lacks data on quantity and composition of municipal solid waste generation that facilitates effective planning of municipal solid waste management. The household survey revealed an average per capita household waste generation rate of 120 g/capita/day. The total Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation is estimated about 15 tons/day and 5475 tons/year. The analysis of household waste composition indicated that the highest waste category was organic waste with 80% followed by plastics with 10%, paper and paper products with 6% and inert with 4%. The composition analysis of institutional wastes revealed 41% paper and paper products, 33% plastics, 13% organic wastes and 13% inert. The study found that commercial waste comprised 59% paper and paper products, 21% plastics, 17% organic and 3% inert. In aggregate, MSW is composed of 56% organic waste, 21% paper and paper products, 19% plastics, and 3% inert. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 45-47Uploaded date: January 14, 2018
Hydropower in New Roles in Changed Context
Authors: Bhat Sher Singh
Published: January 2018

This article focuses on how hydropower can facilitate to integrate more and more renewable in the grid. Doing so, we will have to create new hydropower products and market them. This will be possible if we have a vibrant power market allowing marketing of innovative hydropower products offering primary supply as well as other services in the grid. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 48-50Uploaded date: January 14, 2018
An Interview with Mr. Moti Lal Dugar
Authors: Dugar Moti Lal
Published: January 2018

In light of ongoing discourses, at present, on prevailing energy crisis and exciting participation of IPPs in hydropower development in Nepal, HYDRO Nepal Journal felt this opportune to review and assess the present hydropower development scenario of Nepal from the perspective of independent power producer. Hence, HYDRO Nepal takes pleasure in presenting an interview with Mr. Moti Lal Dugar, Chairman of MV Dugar Group, Nepal by Rajendra P Thanju, Managing Editor of HYDRO Nepal Journal. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 51-52Uploaded date: January 14, 2018
Personality Profile
Authors: Lohani Bindu N.
Published: January 2018

With an objective to highlight the prominent Nepali personalities who have played important roles in major donor agency, Asian Development Bank (ADB), HYDRO Nepal Journal considers it appropriate to underline the profile of Dr. Bindu N. Lohani to its readers. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 53-53Uploaded date: January 14, 2018
Hydro-path and Hydromacy of Nepal!
Authors: Thanju Rajendra Prasad
Published: January 2018

Not Available.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue No.: 22Page No.: 1-1Uploaded date: January, 14, 2018
Belgique contre Sénégal ou quel intérêt pour se plaindre d’autrui ? Cour internationale de Justice, 20 juillet 2012, Questions concernant l’obligation de poursuivre ou d’extrader
Authors: Verhoeven Joe
Published: January 2018

L’arrêt de la Cour internationale de Justice du 20 juillet 2012 dans l’affaire

Questions relatives à l’obligation de poursuivre ou d’extrader (Belgique c. Sénégal), CIJ Rec. 2012, p. 422, ne se laisse pas aisément analyser à la manière habituelle, tant les circonstances mêmes qui ont conduit à porter l’affaire devant la Cour sont singulières. Moins volontaire qu’assumée par un gouvernement résigné à suivre des impulsions auxquelles il était d’abord étranger, la saisine visait principalement à obtenir la consécration d’une obligation alternative, Aut judicare, Aut dedere, dont l’un des termes repose sur le postulat d’une compétence universelle. Dans le même mouvement, elle supposait aussi dans le chef du demandeur aspirant à sa consécration un intérêt pour agir pour la défense d’un droit que violerait sa méconnaissance par le défendeur. C’est à ces prétentions inhabituelles et à leur traitement qu’est consacré le présent commentaire, lui-même inhabituel quant à sa forme et à son ton : ceux d’un essai libéré des contraintes du traditionnel commentaire d’arrêt.
L’arrêt de la Cour suprême des Etats-Unis du 17 avril 2013, Kiobel et al. v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. et al. : Présomption contre l’extraterritorialité de la compétence juridictionnelle nationale en matière de violations du droit international
Authors: Fleury Thibaut Charles
Published: January 2018

Saisie par une ressortissante nigériane des faits de tortures imputés à la

Royal Dutch Petroleum Company (Shell) lors de l’exploitation pétrolière menée au Nigéria, la Cour Suprême juge que l’Alien Tort Statute, qui ouvre les juridictions fédérales aux étrangers victimes de violation de «droit des gens » (Law of Nations), est présumé ne pas s’appliquer aux faits survenus en dehors du territoire des États-Unis. Déboutant la requérante et renversant une jurisprudence datant des années 1980, la Cour Suprême fonde son raisonnement sur une conception du droit international qui n’est pas celle qui avait présidé à l’adoption de l’Alien Tort Statute et sur une «présomption contre l’extraterritorialité » dont l’application à cette loi n’est pas sans poser d’importantes difficultés. La Cour Suprême s’inscrit également, ce faisant, à rebours de l’évolution la plus récente du droit international en général et de la jurisprudence des cours nationales et régionales en particulier.
L’arrêt de la Cour internationale de Justice dans l’affaire du Différend frontalier Burkina Faso/Niger (arrêt du 16 avril 2013)
Authors: Pooter Hélène de
Published: January 2018

L’arrêt tranche le différend opposant le Burkina Faso au Niger à propos du tracé de leur frontière. La Cour rejette la demande des parties relative à des secteurs déjà abornés sur lesquels les deux États reconnaissent qu’il existe une «entente » , au motif que cela ne rentre pas dans le cadre de sa fonction judiciaire. En rattachant le différend au principe de l’uti possidetis juris, la Cour tend à dénaturer ce principe tel qu’il a été présenté dans la jurisprudence antérieure. Sans surprise, la Cour recourt à des considérations d’équité en dépit des termes du compromis de saisine. Enfin, l’arrêt révèle la relation ambiguë que la Cour entretient avec l’erreur dans la pratique coloniale.
La jonction d’instances devant la Cour internationale de Justice – À propos de l’ordonnance du 17 avril 2013 dans l’affaire relative à la Construction d’une route au Costa Rica le long du fleuve San Juan (Nicaragua c. Costa Rica)
Authors: Azari Hadi
Published: January 2018

Le 17 avril 2013, la CIJ s’est appuyée sur l’article 47 de son Règlement pour joindre par une ordonnance les deux instances introduites respectivement par le Costa Rica et le Nicaragua, l’un contre l’autre. Ce fut la première ordonnance rendue en vertu

de cet article, par laquelle la Cour a établi un précédent et a fixé pour la première fois

quelques principes applicables à cette notion juridique. La nouveauté de cette décision tient également au fait qu’elle est la première jonction d’instances prononcée par la CIJ en dehors de la situation de cause commune. La jonction d’instances est un moyen incident dont l’introduction perturbe le déroulement du procès en cours dès lors qu’elle amène la Cour à suspendre l’examen du fond de l’affaire pour se prononcer au préalable au sujet de son admissibilité. Elle présente ainsi toutes les caractéristiques d’une procédure incidente, même si elle n’est pas inscrite dans la liste de celles énumérées à la section D du Règlement. L’article 47 du Règlement confère à la Cour internationale «une large marge de discrétion » dans l’appréciation de l’opportunité de la jonction. Toutefois, il se déduit de la jurisprudence de la Cour actuelle et de celle de sa devancière, que lorsque les parties s’accordent à son sujet, la Cour en prend acte. Autrement dit, elle n’en décide discrétionnairement que si les parties demeurent partagées en la matière. Qu’elle use de son pouvoir discrétionnaire ou qu’elle prenne acte de l’accord des parties, sa décision sur la jonction doit toujours être fondée sur un lien suffisant rattachant les instances concernées.
Les plates-formes en mer et le droit international
Authors: Gautier Philippe , Tassin Virginie J. M.
Published: January 2018

Le progrès continu des techniques depuis les Conventions de Genève de 1958 a favorisé l’expansion considérable de l’exploration et de l’exploitation du fond des mers à partir de plates-formes installées en surface, qui se sont multipliées et diversifiées. La Convention des Nations Unies de 1982 ne comporte pas de définition précise, et les conventions particulières qui leur consacrent certaines de leurs dispositions ne s’accordent pas sur une définition uniforme. Il est cependant possible de systématiser le régime qui leur est applicable, en tenant compte de la diversité juridique des espaces dans lesquels elles sont implantées (plateau continental et zone économique exclusive, haute mer et Zone internationale des fonds marins) et du statut respectif des fonds marins et des eaux surjacentes. Il en résulte un régime complexe, dans lequel les droits de l’État côtier coexistent avec le droit qu’ont les États d’utiliser les espaces concernés. Certaines matières spécifiques font l’objet d’un examen plus détaillé, en raison des problèmes concrets que suscitent l’installation et l’utilisation des plates-formes en mer. Il s’agit des questions relatives à la navigation des plates-formes, à leur installation dans des zones où le titre territorial est contesté, à la sécurité des plates-formes et à la protection du milieu marin (prévention et réparation des dommages) contre la pollution qui peut résulter de leurs activités, ainsi qu’à l’enlèvement des plates-formes désaffectées.
Le fondement de la protection diplomatique : Pour une nouvelle approche au moyen de la distinction entre préjudice et dommage
Authors: Meunier Hugo
Published: January 2018

Plusieurs doctrines ont été proposées s’agissant du fondement de la protection diplomatique. Or, pour chacune d’elles, il est possible de relever une incohérence avec le régime juridique de la même protection diplomatique. C’est pourquoi cet article propose une autre façon d’envisager le fondement de la protection diplomatique dont le point de départ est une distinction entre le fait constitutif de la violation d’un droit, appelé préjudice, et le fait constitutif d’une perte, patrimoniale ou extrapatrimoniale, appelé dommage. La grande originalité de la protection diplomatique est qu’elle repose sur une dissociation entre la personne préjudiciée, qui est un État, et la personne «dommagée » , qui est un national de ce dernier.
La gestion difficile des flux migratoires pour un État situé à la frontière maritime extérieure de l’Union européenne
Authors: Favilli Chiara
Published: January 2018

La mort en mer, spectaculaire et massive, de migrants à la dérive, en quête d’Europe et échoués sur les côtes de l’île de Lampedusa au large de l’Italie, a attiré

l’attention des internationalistes sur la difficulté de concilier, dans des circonstances

extrêmes, les objectifs de contrôle de l’immigration et de respect des droits de l’homme élémentaires. L’insuffisance des dispositifs nationaux et européens a été particulièrement mise en lumière, dans des situations d’urgence constituées aux frontières extérieures d’une Union européenne souvent débordée – et largement divisée.
Choix du système électoral et Convention européenne des droits de l’homme : quelques observations à la lumière d’une affaire concernant une loi électorale italienne
Authors: Starita Massimo
Published: January 2018

En l’espace de moins de deux années, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme et la Cour constitutionnelle italienne ont délivré des décisions presque opposées sur la question du respect des droits politiques par la loi électorale italienne de 2005. La Cour européenne a déclaré irrecevables les requêtes que des groupes d’électeurs lui avait adressées, vu le caractère manifestement mal fondé des griefs sur lesquels elles s’appuyaient ; la Cour constitutionnelle a conclu, au contraire, pour l’illégitimité constitutionnelle de la loi. Au premier abord, les différentes approches suivies par les deux juges, ainsi que les différentes conclusions auxquelles ils sont parvenus, peuvent être considérées comme étant l’expression de la nature complémentaire du système européen de protection des droits de l’homme qui a son origine dans la Convention par rapport aux ordres juridiques nationaux. Mais en réalité on peut se demander si le raisonnement du juge constitutionnel italien n’aurait pu être appliqué dans le système européen aussi. L’enjeu n’est pas marginal : il s’agit du juste rapport à atteindre, dans ce système, entre le but foncier de protéger les droits politiques et l’exigence de reconnaître aux États une marge d’appréciation dans le choix, politiquement sensible, des règles électorales.
L’affaire Katyn devant la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme – Addendum
Authors: Eudes Marina
Published: January 2018

After its 2012 judgment only partially sanctioning Russia for its responsibility in the murder of almost 22 000 prisoners of war in 1940, the European Court of Human Rights returned the following year to the Katyn case to adopt an even more disappointing judgment. The Grand Chamber merely deplored the attitude of the Russian authorities, who for several decades denied the massacres and refused to cooperate with the Court to establish the facts. However, it refused to confirm the findings of a war crime and the inhuman treatment incurred by the applicants left in uncertainty about the fate of their close relatives. Equally regrettably, the ECHR continued to refuse to make a ruling on the obligation to investigate this type of serious violation of human rights and to remedy the harm it caused.
Rétroactivité et non-rétroactivité en droit international – Essai de clarification conceptuelle à partir de l’expérience du Procès de Nuremberg
Authors: Pratt Valéry , Vinuales Jorge Enrique
Published: January 2018

La non-rétroactivité en droit international a été conçue comme un «principe » . Cela peut être pertinent à l’égard des limitations générales apportées par certaines normes de droits de l’homme, droit international pénal et droit humanitaire au jus puniendi de l’État. Or, en dehors de ces cas, l’utilisation du terme «principe » obscurcit plus qu’elle n’éclaire la place de la rétroactivité et de la non-rétroactivité en droit international, qui est mieux comprise en tant que «dosage » ou «paramètre » régulateur du changement du droit dans le temps. Cette étude cherche à clarifier cette place en partant d’un terrain d’analyse où les aspects conceptuels de la (non) rétroactivité ont été mis à dure épreuve, à savoir le procès de Nuremberg et son analyse par la doctrine de l’époque, notamment Hans Kelsen.
L’évolution de la pratique française en matière de reconnaissance de gouvernement
Authors: Danic Olivia
Published: January 2018

À l’heure du «printemps arabe » , le soutien apporté aux forces rebelles a pu étonner, qui semblait notamment impliquer leur reconnaissance comme seul gouvernement légitime. L’affirmation selon laquelle les États ne reconnaissent pas les gouvernements pouvait dès lors sembler avoir perdu toute signification. Une analyse plus attentive de la pratique révèle toutefois que ces reconnaissances n’ont pas totalement disparu, même si elles se sont faites ordinairement plus discrètes. La pratique française le confirme, qui montre bien que cette évolution, loin d’avoir simplement réanimé une pratique que l’on croyait éteinte, entend plus simplement la remettre sur le devant de la scène.
Successful Treatment For Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia (CEL) With Imatinib Mesylate
Authors: Souza Rayane Da Silva , Tavares Nathalia De Alencar Cunha , Pimenta Martina Bragante Fernandes , Pimenta Marcelle Bragante Fernandes , Fialho Matheus Cartaxo Eloy , Santos Ary Serrano , Da Paz Alexandre Rolim , Pimenta Flávia Cristina Fernandes
Published: January 2018

We report a case of a patient with Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia (CEL) with mutation in alfa PDGFR gene exhibiting a satisfactory response to treatment with imatinib mesylate. A 25-year-old man presented in a hematology service with a persistent cough and hemogram alterations. His blood count showed a hemoglobin level of 12.5 g/dL and a white blood cell count of 94,030/mm3, eosinophils were 68% of all cells. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed hypercellularity with marked eosinophilia (77%) and erythroid differentiation series was hypocellular with normoblast maturation. The immunohistochemically of the bone biopsy was positive for myeloperoxidase and negative for CD34/CD99, consistent with CEL. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the beta-fraction of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFRβ) and Philadelphia chromosome (Ph 1) were negative and the alfa PDGFR (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor) was positive and showed heterozygosis in c.2531T>C on 18 Exon and homozygous in C.2562+1G>A at the region of the splicing site at the 18 intron. Treatment was initiated and maintained by administering 400mg/day imatinib mesylate. Laboratory findings returned to normal ranges, with clinical improvement and a hematological response observed after the second month of therapy. Currently, the patient’s blood count shows the white blood cell count (5,400 total leukocytes), eosinophils (8.6/mm3), hemoglobin (15.5 g/dl), hematocrit (45.4%) and platelets (298,000/mm3) within normal ranges. The mutation search was negative in in peripheral blood one year after the initial treatment. Our work corroborates other studies on the efficacy of imatinib mesylate in the treatment of patients with CSF PDGFR alpha positive. We emphasize the importance of molecular studies, considering its relevance for the correct staging of the disease. Since CEL is a rare disease, it is important to define its etiology and anticipate its treatment, thus minimizing the damage induced by the disease.
Epidermoid Cysts – A Wide Spectrum of Clinical Presentation and Successful Treatment by Surgery: A Retrospective 10-Year Analysis and Literature Review
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Langner Dana , Tchernev Georgi , França Katlein , Lotti Torello
Published: January 2018

Epidermoid cysts are common benign lesions of hair-bearing, and less often glabrous skin. They can also occur in oral mucosa and internal organs. In case of cutaneous lesions, an epidermal punctum is a clinical diagnostic hallmark. The clinical presentation is variable leading to some differential diagnoses. Diagnosis of epidermoid cysts needs histopathological confirmation – not only of the potential of malignant transformation. The treatment of choice is surgery. We report a retrospective analysis of 2159 epidermoid cysts treated surgically. Most of the cases can be performed under local anaesthesia. The complication rate of 2.2% is low. To avoid relapses, the cyst wall has to be removed completely. Rare genetic disorders with multiple cysts are Gardner and Lowe syndrome.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis – A Case Series from Dresden
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Koch André , Guarneri Claudio , Tchernev Georgi , Lotti Torello
Published: January 2018

Leishmaniasis is world-wide one of the most common infectious disorders caused by protozoa. Due to the climate change, there is a risk of further spread of the disease to central and northern Europe. Another important issue is the high number of refugees from Syria since Syria is one of the hot spots of Old World leishmaniasis. We report on single-centre experience with leishmaniasis in the capital of Saxony, Dresden, during the years 2001 to 2017. We noted a substantial increase in the last five years. Once a very rare exotic disorder in Germany, cutaneous leishmaniasis has become a reality and physicians should be aware of it. A significant number of cases are from Syrian refugees; other cases had been acquired by tourists in the Mediterranean region!
Ulcerating Lichen Planopilaris – Successful Treatment by Surgery
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Heinig Birgit , Koch André , Nowak Andreas , Tchernev Georgi , França Katlein , Lotti Torello
Published: January 2018

Lichen planus is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disorder affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Ulcerating lichen planus is uncommon mostly on oral and genital mucosa but not skin. Lichen planopilaris, however, is a subtype of lichen planus affection hair follicles and leading to permanent scarring alopecia. We report a case of lichen planopilaris of the scalp with multiple alopecic patches ulceration – a hitherto unreported clinical feature. The patient was treated surgically, and the defect could be closed by combined tissue advancement and extension.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: Retrospective Single Center Analysis Over 16 Years
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Langner Dana , Schönlebe Jacqueline , França Katlein , Lotti Torello , Tchernev Georgi
Published: January 2018

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is rare mesenchymal neoplasia with a high risk of local recurrence but a low risk of metastatic spread. Tumor cells express CD34 and show a characteristic translocation t(17;22)(q22;q13). We analysed the documented cases at the Department of Dermatology and Allergology between 08/2001 and 08/2017. The diagnosis had been confirmed by histology and immunohistology in all cases. We identified four adults and a pediatric patient with DFSP. All patients were treated by wide surgical excision and controlled by three-dimensional histologic margin control. We observed no recurrence and no metastatic spread. We discuss prognostic factors and emerging treatments.
Unilateral Palmar Callus and Irritant Hand Eczema – Underreported Signs of Dependency on Crutches
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Heinig Birgit , Tchernev Georgi , França Katlein , Lotti Torello
Published: January 2018

Leg amputees who can’t use prostheses and patients with arthritis are often dependent on crutches. Their chronic use can exert significant friction forces. The palmar skin will respond by forming a hyperkeratotic callus. We report for the first time unilateral palmar callus formation caused by friction from using crutches. Another possible adverse effect is the triggering of irritant contact dermatitis by the handholes of crutches. We report two cases with hand dermatitis due to the chronic dependence on crutches and discuss treatment options.
Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis – A Case Report
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Schönlebe Jacqueline , França Katlein , Tchernev Georgi , Lotti Torello
Published: January 2018

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a rare disorder presenting with firm and painless nodules on the scrotal skin. The most common site is the frontal aspect of the scrotum whereas the dorsal aspect with the transition to the perineum is rarely involved. Surgery is the gold standard of treatment.
Arthrospira Platensis – Potential in Dermatology and Beyond
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Voicu Cristiana , Gianfaldoni Serena , Lotti Torello , França Katlein , Tchernev Georgi
Published: January 2018

The search for natural products with benefits for health in general and of potential for treating human disease has gained wider interest world-wide. Here, we analyse current data on the microalga Arthrospira platensis (AP), that has been used in nutrition since ancient times in Fare East and African communities, for medical purposes with a focus on dermatology. Extracts of AP have been investigated in vitro and in vivo. The alga is rich in proteins, lipopolysaccharides and gamma-linolenic acid. AP extracts, phycocyanin compounds and polysaccharide calcium spirulan (Ca-SP) have been evaluated in various models. It could be demonstrated, that AP has significant antioxidant activity, prevents viruses from entry into target cells and inhibits the colonisation of wounds by multi-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, anti-cancer activity was documented in models of oral cancer, melanoma, and UV-induced non-melanoma skin cancer.
Lip Repair after Mohs Surgery for Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Bilateral Tissue Expanding Vermillion Myocutaneous Flap (Goldstein Technique Modified by Sawada)
Authors: Goldman Alberto , Wollina Uwe , França Katlein , Lotti Torello , Tchernev Georgi
Published: January 2018

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the lower lip. Environmental factors such as ultraviolet light exposure, arsenic and smoking are contributing factors to the increasing incidence. Mohs surgery is the treatment of choice ensuring the lowest recurrence rates. The closure of the surgical defects, however, can be a challenge. Multiple and versatile methods of reconstructing vermilion defects have been described. Among these options, Goldstein developed the adjacent ipsilateral vermilion flap based on an arterialized myocutaneous flap. The original technique was modified by Sawada based on bilateral adjacent vermilion advancement flap for closure of central vermilion defects. We report the use of bilateral flaps - Sawada’s technique (instead of unilateral as suggested by Goldstein) in medium (2 cm of extension) to large defects (> 2 cm) to achieve an effective and functional reconstruction of vermillion defects after Mohs surgery for lip cancer.
Acrocyanosis – A Symptom with Many Facettes
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Koch André , Langner Dana , Hansel Gesina , Heinig Birgit , Lotti Torello , Tchernev Georgi
Published: January 2018

Acrocyanosis is an uncommon complaint belonging to the acro-syndromes. It typically presents with coolness and bluish discolourations of hands, feet, ears, nose, lips and nipple. The most frequently affected parts of the body are the hands. This review discusses physical factors, vascular disorders, infectious diseases, haematological disorders, solid tumours genetic disorders, drugs, eating disorders, and spinal disease presenting as or leading to acrocyanosis.
Giant Pendulous Carcinosarcoma – Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Type - of the Leg – A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Riedel Ina , Abushika Mohammad R. , Lotti Torello , Tchernev Georgi
Published: January 2018

Cutaneous carcinosarcoma (CCS) is a rare non-melanoma skin cancer with a biphasic growth pattern. A tumour is composed of epithelial and mesenchymal cells that show clonality. In most cases, CCS develops in the head-and-neck region on the chronic sun-exposed skin of males. Here, we describe an 80-year-old female patient who developed a giant, pendulous CCS on the leg.  A tumour was surgically removed. We found no evidence of metastatic spread.
Diffuse Normolipemic Plane Xanthoma (DNPX) of the Neck without Xanthelasma Palpebrum
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Schönlebe Jacqueline , Georgi Tchernev Georgi , Lotti Torello
Published: January 2018

Diffuse normolipemic plane xanthoma (DNPX) is an uncommon subtype of non-Langerhans histiocytosis. DNPX is characterised by xanthelasma palpebrarum, diffuse plane xanthoma of the head, neck, trunk, or extremities, and normal plasma lipid levels. The neck is the most common site. We report about a 62-year-old female Caucasian patient, who developed an asymptomatic fine wrinkling and loose skin on the neck and décolleté about three years ago. The skin colour became yellowish. Xanthelasma was absent. Histopathology of a skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of DNPX. The patient had a medical history of chronic myeloblastic leukaemia. No other laboratory abnormalities were found. Laser treatment was offered but opposed by the patient.
A “Yellow Submarine” in Dermoscopy
Authors: Satolli Francesca , Rovesti Miriam , Zucchi Alfredo , Gandolfi Marco , Feliciani Claudio , Tchernev Georgi , Wollina Uwe , Gianfaldoni Serena , Lotti Torello
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND: Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an extremely rare, non-Langerhans cell tumor. HS affects especially adults, its etiology is unknown yet. Skin could be interested by papules or nodules, single or multiple.  CASE REPORT: A Caucasian man in his late 40s came to our clinic for a naevi evaluation. During the visit, a rose papulonodular lesion was observed in the lumbar region. This lesion was completely asymptomatic, and it had been there for an indefinite period. The clinical evaluation revealed that the lesion appeared elevated, of 9 x 15 mm in dimension, symmetrical and of a homogeneous pinkish colour. The videodermoscopical evaluation revealed a homogeneous yellow central pattern, polymorphic vessels, an eccentric peripheral pigmentation and a white collar. An excisional biopsy was performed. The morphology and the expression of CD163, CD68 and/or lysozyme to the immunophenotypic analysis, revealed the true nature of the lesion.CONCLUSION: HS is usually diagnosed at an already advanced clinical stage and it has a high mortality rate even today. Dermoscopy, showing a yellow and distributed homogeneously colour, can facilitate its hard diagnosis.
Carbon Dioxide with a New Pulse Profile and Shape: A Perfect Tool to Perform Labiaplasty for Functional and Cosmetic Purpose
Authors: González-Isaza Pablo , Lotti Torello , França Katlein , Sanchez-Borrego Rafael , Tórtola Juan Escribano , Lotti Jacopo , Wollina Uwe , Tchernev Georgi , Zerbinati Nicola
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE: To describe the benefits and safety of using Carbon Dioxide Laser in multi-pulse modalities when performing labiaplasty and anatomical variants approach for functional and cosmetic indications.DESIGN: This is a prospective, descriptive case series study.SETTING: Private Practice Quirofano Calculaser Megacentro Pinares Pereira Colombia.POPULATION: One Hundred and twelve women seeking labia minora labiaplasty for functional and cosmetic reasons were enrolled in the study protocol from June 2013 to June 2016. Labia minora labioplasty and anatomical variants approach were performed with Carbon Dioxide laser Multi-pulse modalities DEKA M.EL.A Florence ItalyMAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Good Cosmetic results, functional and sexuality improvementRESULTS: Dramatic changes in the VAS and VSQ were detected after the surgical procedure. All the participants reported a high degree of satisfaction, felt more confident with their partners during sexual encounters, and the procedure was well tolerated.CONCLUSION: Laser Carbon Dioxide Laser with a new pulse profile and shape seems to be a safe and precise surgical tool to perform this type of procedures, optimal biophysical and bio stimulative laser-tissue interactions allow delicate vulvar tissues to shorten downtime.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Biosafety of Hyaluronic Acid PEG Cross-Linked with Micromolecules of Calcium Hydroxyapatite in Low Concentration
Authors: Zerbinati Nicola , Lotti Torello , Monticelli Damiano , Rauso Raffaele , González-Isaza Pablo , D'Este Edoardo , Calligaro Alberto , Sommatis Sabrina , Maccario Cristina , Mocchi Roberto , Lotti Jacopo , Wollina Uwe , Tchernev Georgi , França Katlein
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE: Neauvia Stimulate is biocompatible, injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) filler (26 mg/ml) PEG cross-linked with 1% of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) for facial soft-tissue augmentation that provides volume to tissues, followed by process of neocollagenesis for improving skin quality.AIM: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the biosafety of the product (Lot. 160517-26-1/2 PEG) on human keratinocytes cultured in vitro.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experimental model proposed, despite being an in vitro system, allows the derivation of useful information to predict the possible activity of the product in further in vivo application. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with the product for 24h at increasing concentrations of product respect to control (untreated cells).RESULTS: The biosafety of the product to be tested has been evaluated performing different methods: MTT test, NRU test, Kenacid Blue assay. Moreover, any possible effect on the structure, morphology, and viability of cells has been evaluated.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results obtained by the different methods show that the product Neauvia Stimulate® does not cause any cytotoxic effect and does not affect the correct structure and morphology of cells cultures.
Intralesional Diode Laser 1064 nm for the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Report of Twenty Patients
Authors: Fabbrocini Gabriella , França Katlein , Lotti Torello , Marasca Claudio , Annunziata Maria Carmela , Cacciapuoti Sara , Masarà Anna , Romanelli Marco , Lotti Jacopo , Wollina Uwe , Tchernev Georgi , Zerbinati Nicola
Published: January 2018

AIM: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, commonly characterized by painful, deep dermal abscesses and chronic draining sinus tracts. Recently, laser and light-based therapies have become more commonly used in the management of HS.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report 20 HS patients treated with a 1064 nm wavelength, emitted from a diode laser, launched in an optical fibre through intracavitary modalities.RESULTS: Each patient underwent four laser sessions, one every two weeks. we recorded a significative reduction (31%) of Sartorius score from 28.55 ± 13.04 to 19.75 ± 12.29 after 4 laser sessions (p < 0.05). No one has had a worsening of the disease.CONCLUSION: Intralesional diode laser 1064 nm can be a good treatment option for patients with moderate and localized hidradenitis suppurativa, because it is minimally invasive, doesn’t have significant complications and provides a rapid post-treatment recovery.
Acute Forefoot Phlegmon – A Complication of Intravenous Heroin-Addiction
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Lotti Torello , Tchernev Georgi
Published: January 2018

Infections of the skin and soft tissues (SSTI) are clinical entities with variable presentations, causes, and levels of clinical severity. They are frequent in emergency departments. The most common pathogen in the Western World is Staphylococcus aureus. SSTI may provide a hint to underlying pathologies such as diabetes and other states of immune compromise. Here we present a 41-year-old non-diabetic male patient with pain and swelling of the left forefoot but not any recent trauma. Microbiology identified streptococci. The medical history was positive for intravenous heroin abuse. The diagnosis of forefoot phlegm due to drug addition was confirmed. Treatment was realised by a combination of intravenous antibiosis and drainage. Intravenous drug addiction is a significant risk factor for SSTI.
Chronic Encapsulated Seroma Persisting for Three Years after Abdominoplasty and a Successful Surgical Solution
Authors: Goldman Alberto , Wollina Uwe , França Katlein , Tchernev Georgi , Lotti Torello
Published: January 2018

Abdominoplasty is listed among five most common esthetic surgical procedures in the Western World. Despite all efforts, abdominoplasty bears a high risk of complications. We observed a 39-year-old-woman with previous classical abdominoplasty performed elsewhere three years ago. Clinical examination demonstrated a swollen and tense abdominal mass. Laboratory findings were normal. Clinical examination was completed by abdominal ultrasonography which demonstrated both, a significant fluid volume in this area and a dense fibrous “capsule”. The diagnosis was a late or chronic encapsulated seroma with a thick pseudocapsule or “bursa”. We performed a revision abdominoplasty with a standard supra-fascial dissection. Surgical resection of infra-umbilical flap containing skin, subcutaneous tissue and capsulectomy were performed under general anaesthesia. A new umbilicus was created attaching small skin flaps in the muscular fascia. No drains were used. We observed no seroma formation. Follow up after six and ten months was unremarkable. The fibrous pseudocapsule of chronic seroma results in different degrees of deformities, abdominal scar deviation and asymmetry. Surgical capsulectomy combined with revision abdominoplasty with preservation of Scarpa’s fascia and placement of progressive tension sutures resulted in being effective and leads an esthetic outcome without seroma recurrence.
Stress–Corrosion Cracking of Surface-Engineered Alloys in a Simulated Boiling-Water Reactor Environment
Authors: Niu W. , Li Z. , Ernst F. , Ren Z. , Ye C. , Lillard R.S.
Published: January 2018

The potential of surface engineering by concentrated interstitial solute (SECIS) for improved resistance to stress–corrosion cracking (SCC) in a simulated boiling-water reactor (BWR) environment was studied for an austenitic stainless steel (AISI-316L) and a Ni-base superalloy (IN-718) via slow-strain-rate tests. For these tests, tensile rods of both alloys were carburized at a low temperature, which generates a concentrated solution (supersaturation: 105) of interstitially dissolved carbon within a ≈25 μm deep zone below the surface. In BWR-NWC (normal water composition), SECIS AISI-316L exhibits high susceptibility to SCC with a reduction in elongation and a fracture surface consistent with transgranular SCC (TGSCC). We found that the crack-tip strain rate plays an important role for crack initiation and propagation. To understand the role of concentrated interstitial carbon on the failure mode, we also studied specimens treated by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM), a carbon-free method for surface hardening. We conclude that the carbon-rich zone enables nucleation of sharp cracks, which normally do not form in AISI-316L. Crack propagation in the underlying carbon-free alloy core and, ultimately, TGSCC failure, depends on the environment (solution and potential), as demonstrated by tests in BWR-HWC (hydrogen water composition). The stress–strain curve of SECIS IN-718, in contrast, is similar to that of non-treated material. In this case, the fracture surface was consistent with ductile failure.
Contrastive Analysis, Error Analysis, Markedness Theory, Universal Grammar and Monitor Theory and their Contributions to Second Language Learning
Authors: Khalifa Mohamed Fathy
Published: January 2018

Theories of second language acquisition (SLA) play an important role in second language (L2) learning. These theories can help both language teachers and their students to understand L2 language learning process. There are various theories and approaches of SLA which try to explain how L2 learning takes place. Each theory accounts for L2 acquisition from a different perspective. This paper describes and compares five theories of L2 acquisition: Contrastive Analysis (CA), Error Analysis (EA), Markedness Theory, Universal Grammar (UG) and Monitor Theory, explains their contributions to L2 learning and shows the criticism of each theory. First, in Contrastive Analysis, the weak and strong hypotheses and types of language transfer are explained. Second, in Error Analysis, attitudes towards errors and aims, process and models of Error Analysis are described. Third, in Markedness Theory, the role of typological markedness in the explanation of L2 learning, the Markedness Differential Hypothesis (MDH) and the Structural Conformity Hypothesis (SCH) are explained. Fourth, in Universal Grammar, it is shown that L2 acquisition occurs on the basis of first language (L1) acquisition: L2 acquisition is a matter of setting the correct L2 parameters. The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) and L2 access to UG are explained. Finally, in Monitor Theory, it is suggested that comprehensible input is crucial for L2 acquisition and the five hypotheses of the theory are explained: (a) The Input Hypothesis, (b) The Learning-Acquisition Hypothesis, (c) The Monitor Hypothesis, (d) The Natural Order Hypothesis and (e) The Affective Filter Hypothesis.
Governance and Human Development: The Impacts of Governance Indicators on Human Development
Authors: Keser Ahmet , Gökmen Yunus
Published: January 2018

Throughout the article, the relation between the governance indicators and the Human Development Level (HDL) is investigated. The analysis is conducted by using Panel Data Regression Method. The valid annual data of World Governance Index between the years 2002–2012 for 33 member and candidate countries of European Union (EU) is collected from World Bank’s official website. To measure HDL, data of Human Development Index (HDI) belonging to 2002-2012 term is gathered from United Nations Development Programme’s official website. The analysis concluded that, at least three of the governance indicators as Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality and Rule of Law have significant positive coefficients in the panel data regression model. It means that better governance performance for any country provides better performance at the HDL. It is evaluated that the results of the research may provide useful instrument both for public policy designers and for academics.