bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of therapy exposures on specific late morbidities, prescription drug purchases, and mortality in aging male survivors of childhood cancer: A registry‐based study
Authors: Koskela Mikael , Korhonen Melanie , Haavisto Anu , Jahnukainen Kirsi
Published: November 2024

Childhood cancer treatments predispose to late health problems and premature death. Our aim was to use national registry data to study associations between cancer therapy exposures and late health outcomes in aging male childhood cancer survivors (CCS). The study comprised 200 male CCS (survival ≥5 years) treated with conventional cancer therapy at a single institution in 1964–2000 and 1000 matched population controls. Analyses involved registry‐based data on prescription drug purchases, reimbursements for chronic conditions, hospital admissions, and deaths that occurred ≥5 years after the cancer diagnosis. Mean age of CCS was 45.4 years. Compared to population controls, CCS had a higher risk for hospital admissions due to cardiovascular diseases and late mortality, both of which increased after age 40 years. CCS also had a higher risk for purchases of antihypertensives and lipid‐lowering drugs within the last year of the study. Heart radiation ≥10 Gy was associated with hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diseases (HR 4.14, 95%CI 1.81–9.48), purchases of antihypertensives (OR 3.05, 95%CI 1.32–7.36), and purchases of lipid‐lowering drugs (OR 2.93, 95%CI 1.08–7.73). Testosterone deficiency developed typically during pediatric follow‐up, and it was associated with testicular radiation ≥20 Gy (HR 41.2, 95%CI 15.4–110) but not with alkylating agents. Of patients treated with testicular radiation ≥20 Gy, 91% had purchased testosterone within the last year. Reassuringly, CCS had no excess risk for purchases of opioids, anxiolytics, antiepileptics, or antidepressants. These findings emphasize the need for risk‐based follow‐up. Middle‐aged male CCS are at an increased risk of premature cardiovascular morbidity and excess mortality.
How does digital economy drive the high‐quality development of regional manufacturing?
Authors: Yang Deyan , Xiong Tingting
Published: November 2024

Digital technologies promote economic progress. The digital economy drives the development of manufacturing. This paper explores the impact of the digital economy on the high‐quality development of manufacturing using panel data from the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China. Employing the entropy method, we first measure the level of the digital economy and the high‐quality development of manufacturing. Then, we divide the digital economy into three dimensions: the digital foundation, the digital application, and the digital innovation, and investigate how each dimension influences the high‐quality development of manufacturing. Results show that: (1) Both the digital economy level and the high‐quality development level of manufacturing exhibit steady growth, while the overall value of the Yangtze River Economic Belt stays low. (2) Three dimensions of the digital economy positively affect the high‐quality development of manufacturing, with the most noticeable effect of the digital innovation, followed by the digital application and the digital foundation. (3) Threshold effect tests demonstrate that both the digital foundation and the digital application exhibit a double threshold effect on the high‐quality development of the manufacturing, but the digital innovation has a single threshold effect. (4) Last but not the least, the digital foundation positively affects the high‐quality development of the manufacturing in downstream and upstream regions, but less apparently influences midstream regions by the heterogeneity analysis. Additionally, both the digital application and the digital innovation have significant effects on the high‐quality development of the manufacturing across all regions.
Civic Identity and Mental Health in Russia: The Role of Psychological Coping Strategies During Sanctions and Perceived Threat
Authors: Tatarko Alexander , Mironova Anna , Jurcik Tomas
Published: November 2024

We explore the role of Russian civic identity in maintaining mental health in a challenging socioeconomic and political environment. The study was conducted on a sample of Russians in August 2022 after the beginning of the military conflict in Ukraine and the imposition of multiple sanctions on Russia. The sample included 384 respondents from 18 to 54 years old. The questionnaire included methods for assessing Russian civic identity, general psychological health, depression, and the psychological coping strategies in crisis situations. We explored whether Russian civic identity has direct, indirect, and total positive effects on general psychological health. The indirect effect was examined through psychological coping strategies, such as Reframing and Spiritual support. For depression reduction, the role of Russian civic identity was not significant as we did not find a statistically significant direct or total effect. However, we found a statistically significant indirect negative effect of civic identity on depression via a Reframing strategy. Thus, Russian civic identity may increase general psychological health and reduce depression through Reframing. Although the conflict is highly controversial geopolitically, our study findings may have important implications for other settings that may be involved in conflict or be under sanctions.
A switch from lysosomal degradation to secretory autophagy initiates osteogenic bone metastasis in prostate cancer
Authors: Wei Xiaoyu , Liang Mengmeng , Deng Min , Zheng Ji , Luo Fei , Ma Qinyu
Published: November 2024

The identification of both autophagy‐related material degradation and unconventional secretion has paved the way for significant breakthroughs linking autophagy to a plethora of physiological processes and disease conditions. However, the mechanisms that coordinate these two pathways remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that a switch from the lysosomal degradation to a secretory autophagy pathway is governed by protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B, encoded by PTPN1). Dephosphorylation at two tyrosine residues of syntaxin17 (STX17) by PTP1B reduces autophagosome‐lysosome fusion while switching the cells to a secretory autophagy pathway. Both PTP1B overexpression and tumour‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can activate the secretory autophagy pathway in osteoblasts. Moreover, we demonstrate that osteoblastic LC3+ EVs, generated via the secretory autophagy pathway, are the primary contributor to tumour‐associated bone remodelling in prostate cancer. Depletion of tumour‐derived EVs secretion or genetic ablation of osteoblastic PTP1B rescues aberrant bone remodelling and lesions, highlighting the relevance between LC3+ EVs and the formation of bone metastatic niche. Our results reveal the significance of tumour‐regulated PTP1B in the fate decision of autophagosomes, and propose a role ofLC3+ EVs in shaping the bone metastatic niche.
Regulatory factors and climatic impacts of marine heatwaves over the Arctic Ocean from 1982 to 2020
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Zheng Fei , Gong Zhiqiang
Published: November 2024

Arctic warming has been substantially greater than that in the rest of the world and has had an important influence on the global climate. This study first explores the temporal and spatial evolutionary characteristics of marine heatwaves (MHWs) over the Arctic Ocean in multiyear ice (MYI), first‐year ice (FYI), and open‐water (OPW) regions from 1982 to 2020. MHWs in the Arctic Ocean show obvious spatial and seasonal variations, mainly occurring over the FYI region in the JAS (July–August–September, JAS), and their occurrences have a significant increasing trend in recent decades, accompanied by an abrupt increase since 2010. Furthermore, a multivariable network‐based method is adopted to delineate the relationship between different climatic factors and MHWs in the Arctic Ocean and the climatic impacts of MHWs. The results show that the correlations between different climatic factors and MHWs in JAS in 2010–2020 are generally stronger than those in 1982–2009, and the main influencing factors of MHWs in different ice covers are different. MHWs in the MYI region are mainly affected by freshwater dilution processes, such as sea‐ice concentrations (SIC), precipitation, and mixed‐layer salinity. For the FYI region, the 2‐m air temperature and total heat flux mainly affect MHWs by thermodynamic processes, and the 500‐hPa geopotential height affects MHWs mainly by large‐scale atmospheric circulation. The MHWs in the OPW region are mainly related to the SIC, 850‐hPa geopotential height, and 10‐m v‐wind, indicating that they are correlated with atmospheric processes and wind fields. MHWs in JAS are also revealed to reduce or delay the formation of sea ice in OND (October–November–December, OND) by storing more abnormal heat, indicating that unfrozen ocean surfaces may lead to enhanced Arctic amplification in the following seasons.
Short range optical communication with GaN‐on‐Si microLED and microPD matrices
Authors: Le Maitre Patrick , Cibié Anthony , Rol Fabian , Jacob Stéphanie , Michit Nicolas , El Badaoui Sultan , Simon Julia , Miralles Bastien , Ballot Clément , Aventurier Bernard , De Martino Paolo
Published: November 2024

(In)GaN microLEDs have reached a high degree of maturity due to their development in the lighting industry. Their robustness and high efficiency make them ideal candidates for high‐brightness, high‐resolution micro‐displays. Beyond display applications, microLEDs are being explored for non‐display uses, including wireless Visible Light Communication (VLC) and parallel communication via multicore fiber. This study investigates short‐range chip‐to‐chip optical communication using InGaN/GaN microLEDs and micro Photodiodes (microPDs). Leveraging processes developed for micro‐displays, we address the challenges of integrating GaN microLEDs and microPDs on ASICs. We outline the main figures of merit, including expected energy efficiency, optical coupling to multicore fibers or waveguides, and the spectral efficiency of InGaN/GaN microPDs correlated with TCAD simulation and experimental transmission results. Our study highlights the potential of GaN microLEDs and microPDs for massively parallel, energy‐efficient data transmission, paving the way for innovative short‐range and energy‐efficient optical communication solutions.
Accuracy and reliability of imaging modalities for studying bipolar bone loss in anterior shoulder instability: A systematic review
Authors: Adriani Marco , Saccomanno Maristella Francesca , Bergomi Andrea , De Filippo Francesco , Daffara Valerio , Milano Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Recurrent shoulder instability, a common musculoskeletal disorder, often involves glenoid bone loss and Hill–Sachs lesions. However, the optimal imaging modality for accurately and reliably quantifying bipolar bone loss remains uncertain. This systematic review aims to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of various imaging modalities in assessing bipolar bone loss in anterior shoulder instability.

Methods

Major electronic databases were searched for English‐language studies reporting the measurement of glenoid track width and/or determination of on/off track HSL through imaging. Studies reporting statistical measures such as area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, NPV, intraobserver reliability and interobserver reliability were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.

Results

The systematic review included 19 studies comprising 1567 shoulders. Overall, studies could be divided into those looking at the accuracy or reliability of determining glenoid track width, on‐ or off‐track Hill–Sachs lesions and near‐track lesions. Three‐dimensional images of computed tomography (3D‐CT) was the most reliable and accurate imaging modality to measure the glenoid track width. On the opposite, two‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (2D‐MRI) did not provide enough evidence of accuracy and reliability in the determination of On/Off track lesions and near‐track lesions.

Conclusion

3D‐CT demonstrated excellent reliability for measuring glenoid track width. However, the reliability of 2D‐MRI for determining on/off track Hill–Sachs lesions is still controversial.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Low‐constraint insert with a medial pivot design as a potential predictor of favourable outcomes in cruciate‐retaining total knee arthroplasty: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Okamoto Yoshinori , Saika Takafumi , Okayoshi Tomohiro , Ishitani Takashi , Wakama Hitoshi , Otsuki Shuhei
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The influence of polyethylene insert conformity on the outcomes of cruciate‐retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a medial pivot design remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of polyethylene insert conformity in CR‐TKA on patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

The data of 255 knees (FINE Total Knee System) from 255 patients were retrospectively analysed to compare outcomes for high‐ or low‐constraint medial pivot inserts, as determined through historical controls, over an average follow‐up period of 2.2 years (range, 2.0–5.5 years). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of achieving the patient‐acceptable symptom state (PASS) for the Forgotten Joint Score‐12 (FJS‐12). Propensity score‐matched cohorts for age, sex, body mass index, Kellgren‐Lawrence grade, Charlson Comorbidity Index, knee flexion contracture, FJS‐12 and follow‐up duration were created for between‐group comparison (n = 50 in each group).

Results

Low‐constraint insert (p = 0.031) and age (p = 0.043) were independent predictors of achieving the PASS for the FJS‐12 (>33, 153/255). After successful matching, compared to the high‐constraint insert, the low‐constraint insert improved patient satisfaction (p = 0.029 for pain on going up or downstairs, and p = 0.047 for the function of going upstairs) and increased the likelihood of achieving the minimal clinically important difference (p = 0.019) and PASS (p = 0.025) for the FJS‐12. A significant correlation was observed between the posterior tibial slope and the FJS‐12 in the low‐constraint insert group (p < 0.001), indicating that a greater posterior tibial slope was associated with better functional outcomes in this group.

Conclusions

Compared with high‐constraint inserts, low‐constraint medial pivot inserts yielded higher functional outcomes and patient satisfaction. Therefore, insert conformity may play a crucial role in CR‐TKA outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Bias‐corrected high‐resolution vertical nitrate profiles from the CTD rosette‐mounted submersible ultraviolet nitrate analyzer
Authors: Zheng Bofu , Crockford E. Taylor , Zhang Weifeng (Gordon) , Ji Rubao , Sosik Heidi M.
Published: November 2024

Measurements by the submersible ultraviolet nitrate analyzer (SUNA) can be used to derive high‐resolution in situ nitrate concentration with reliable accuracy and precision. Here we report our operational practices for SUNA deployment (including pre‐cruise instrument preparation and in‐cruise instrument maintenance) and detailed post‐cruise nitrate quality control procedures for SUNA integrated onto the CTD rosette. This work is based on experiences and findings from over 500 individual SUNA casts collected from 24 cruises (of which 14 cruises have been quality controlled so far) over the past 5 yr. After applying previously published spectral corrections for temperature, salinity, and pressure effects, we found residual biases in SUNA nitrate estimates compared to independently measured discrete samples. We further develop and assess a new two‐step procedure to remove remaining biases: (1) a general temperature‐dependent adjustment at low‐nitrate concentrations; and (2) a cruise‐specific full‐range bias correction. Our final quality‐controlled SUNA nitrate data achieve an accuracy of 0.34–0.78 μM, with a precision of 0.08–0.21 μM, at a vertical resolution of 1 m. Additional comparisons between the nitrate and density data confirm the high quality of the quality‐controlled SUNA data. Although applying spectral correction algorithms increases the accuracy and precision of the instrument‐output nitrate concentration, we emphasize that additional constraints of SUNA measurements against other independent sources (e.g., bottle data, temperature, and density) are irreplaceable to ensure the accuracy of final nitrate data.
Exciton Dissociation and Long‐Lived Delayed Components in High‐Efficiency Quasi‐Two‐Dimensional Green Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sun Guanwei , Liao Sheng , Yang Guo‐Xi , Shen Chenyang , Hong Ling , Liu Denghui , Pu Junrong , Qiu Weidong , Chen Zijian , Yang Zhihai , Huang Fei , Li Ming‐De , Su Shi‐Jian
Published: November 2024

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskites, consisting of multi‐quantum wells (MQWs) separated by organic intercalating cations, exhibit high luminescence efficiency while the photophysical processes involved remain partially obscure due to the uncertainty of the MQWs structure. Herein, a synergetic dual‐additive strategy is adopted to prepare quasi‐2D perovskite films, where 18‐crown‐6 and tris(4‐fluorophenyl)phosphine oxide are utilized to suppress the formation of low‐dimensional perovskites, diminish defect density, and enhance photoluminescence quantum yield to 93.7%. Notably, a long‐lived delayed component, spanning hundreds of microseconds, is identified for the first time in perovskite emitters, which correlates with exciton dissociation and recombination, and the differences in temperature‐dependent radiative lifetime of the delayed components match with the luminescence properties. Finally, benefiting from lower trap density and more efficient energy‐funneling, green PeLEDs treated with dual additives have achieved a high external quantum efficiency of 28.9% and a commendable operating half‐lifetime of 17.8 h at an initial brightness of 500 cd m−2. The observation of the long‐lived delayed components, coupled with insights into exciton dissociation, provides a profound and comprehensive understanding of the fundamental carrier behavior in perovskite emitters and establishes a direct correlation between the properties of perovskite emitters and their photophysical processes.
Study on the Performance of Different Crystal Forms Nano MoS2 as Lubricant Additives in Reducing Wear and Friction
Authors: Peng Runling , Wang Wei , Du Hang , Liu Jinyue , Gao Zhan , Guo Junde , Cao Wei
Published: November 2024

In order to investigate the anti‐friction and anti‐wear performance of different crystal forms nano MoS2 in paraffin oil. Freeze‐drying method combined with hydrothermal was used to prepare different crystal forms nano MoS2 and their microstructures were characterised by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The anti‐friction and anti‐wear performance of MoS2 nanoparticles as lubricat additives under different working conditions was investigated by the ball‐and‐disk friction and wear testing machine and the mechanism of friction and wear reduction was investigated. The results showed that the thickness of the floral sheet MoS2 flakes was about 10 nm and the particle size of the spherical MoS2 was about 90 nm. When the addition concentration was 3 wt%, the friction coefficient of the floral sheet MoS2 in paraffin oil was lower at 0.094, which was 29.3% lower than that of the pure paraffin oil, the width of the abrasion marks was 24.2% lower than that of the pure paraffin oil and the wear rate was 71.6% lower than that of the pure paraffin oil; The friction coefficient of the spherical MoS2 with 2.5 wt% addition was 0.082, which was 38.3% lower than the friction coefficient of pure paraffin oil, 24.1% lower than that of paraffin oil in terms of wear scar width and 81.9% lower than that of paraffin oil in terms of wear rate.
Vapor Channel Oscillations in Laser Lithotripsy
Authors: Childs James J. , Kovalenko Anastasia , Altshuler Gregory , Smirnov Artur , Iorizzo Tyler W. , Paithankar Dilip , Yaroslavsky Ilya
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Laser‐based endoscopic procedures present special challenges to deliver energy for ablation or coagulation of target tissues. When optical fiber–target quasi‐contact (< 0.5 mm distance) cannot be maintained or is undesirable, the creation of intervening vapor bubbles and channels provide for the necessary transmission of laser energy to the target. This work investigates the characteristics and the dynamics of vapor channels that directly affect ablation efficiency and ablation rate and are known to effect stone movement, all of which impact procedure efficiency and safety.

Methods

A simplified, experimental model for thulium fiber laser (1940 nm) lithotripsy consists of a water‐filled cuvette and a vertically oriented laser fiber (200 μm core diameter) with its tip at 9 mm for “quasi‐free” bubble generation and at vapor channel working distances 1–5 mm from and centered on the transparent cuvette bottom simulating a target's surface. Laser power transmission is recorded and synchronized with video frames from a high‐speed camera (24,260 frames per second) to capture the induced vapor channels' and bubbles' development.

Results

Laser‐induced channel transmission from 0% to 100% for 1, 2, and 3 mm fiber–target distances undergoes oscillations with average periods of 0.32, 0.64, and 1.0 ms, respectively, for 500 W laser output power. For fixed fiber–target distances of 0.5, 1, and 2 mm, the variation of these average oscillation frequencies across laser powers from 500 to 1000 W is much smaller, not exceeding 14%. For fiber–target distances in the range of 1–5 mm, the fraction of the 500 W laser's total pulse energy delivered to the target for 1, 2, and 3 ms pulses linearly decreases from 0.78 to less than 0.2. The channel and bubble dynamics begin with a spherical seed bubble expansion centered on the distal fiber tip that evolves into a pear shape whose surface exhibits periodic irregularities attributable to laser beam interruption by water droplets within the developing bubble.

Conclusions

The study of laser‐induced channel oscillations provides quantitative information relating fiber–target distance to channel oscillation frequency and energy transmission onto a target. These oscillations directly effect ablation efficiency and ablation rates that are important parameters for the optimization of a procedure's safety and duration. Insights that may lead to further reduction in retropulsion are also presented. Lasers Surg. Med. 00:00–00, 2024. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
THE DIPLOMAT WITHIN: LEADING WITH UNITY IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD
Authors: Lazarus Alex , Fatehi Feyzi
Published: November 2024

The authors, who have varied and extensive experience in areas such as business and law, note that their “article leverages our collective experiences worldwide as leaders, lecturers, coaches, and speakers, that underscore the increasingly urgent need for diplomacy skills in everyday human interactions.” They further discuss the importance of diplomacy and diplomatic skills in modern workplaces. The authors “introduce the following three‐tiered Personal – Organizational ‐ External Diplomacy Framework, inspired by modern diplomatic thought. It cuts through dense literature on diplomacy and provides a navigational tool on how to add diplomacy skills into the organization’s DNA to nurture peaceful coexistence and achievement of goals, from interpersonal to global engagements.” They discuss three steps in detail, which in their words are (1) Mastering Personal Diplomacy, (2) Developing Organizational Diplomacy, (3) Developing External Diplomacy. For instance, core skills in step 1 are, in their words, self‐awareness, emotional intelligence, systems thinking, positive regard for others, effective communication, and trust building skills. Step 2 includes, in their words, Leadership Diplomatic Composure, Psychological Safety and Performance, Learning and Development, Engagement and Dialogue, Diversity and Teamwork, and Strategic Implementation. Step 3 includes, in their words, Engagement with External Stakeholders, Leadership in Global Challenges, and Public Diplomacy and Policy Advocacy.
Respiratory Dysfunction and Abnormal Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Mild to Moderate Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Janssen Daalen Jules M. , Straatsma Isabel R. , van Hees Jeroen W.H. , Weevers Amber , van de Wetering‐van Dongen Veerle A. , Nijkrake Maarten J. , Meinders Marjan J. , Bosch Frank H. , Kox Matthijs , Ainslie Philip N. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Thijssen Dick H.J.
Published: November 2024

Background

Respiratory dysfunction is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but it is unclear what parameters are sensitive to diagnose and monitor respiratory dysfunction across disease phases.

Objectives

We aimed to characterize respiratory dysfunction in mild to moderate PD.

Methods

In 20 individuals without cardiopulmonary comorbidity, pulmonary and inspiratory muscle function testing were performed ON‐medication. Subsequently, the acute ventilatory response to hypoxia (HVR) was assessed by gradually decreasing FIO2 from 0.209 (room air) to 0.127, which was compared to eight age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls under arterial blood gas monitoring. Lastly, on different days, the same 20 individuals with PD underwent six blinded exposures to 45‐min normobaric hypoxia at FiO2 0.163 and 0.127 or placebo OFF‐medication to assess breathing responses.

Results

At rest, individuals with greatest PD severity had a lower tidal volume (pairwise comparisons: 0.59 vs. 0.74, P = 0.038–0.050) and tended to have a higher breathing frequency (17.7 vs. 14.4, P = 0.076), despite normal pulmonary function. A 45‐min exposure to hypoxia induced a significantly lower acute HVR in individuals with PD compared to controls (−0.0489 vs. 0.133 L.min/%, P = 0.0038). Acute HVR was reduced regardless of disease severity. Subacute HVR in individuals with milder disease tended to be higher compared to those with more advanced disease (P = 0.079).

Conclusions

Respiratory dysfunction is present in individuals with PD, including those with relatively mild disease severity, and is characterized by altered breathing patterns at rest, as well as a lower HVR, despite normal pulmonary and inspiratory muscle function testing.
Dynamic analysis and optimal control of HIV/AIDS model considering the first 95% target
Authors: Hao Wenhui , Zhang Juping , Jin Zhen
Published: November 2024

Based on the level of awareness of the population, an HIV/AIDS model is developed, which focused on the first 95% plan developed by UNAIDS. The threshold
of model and the expressions of the disease‐free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium are calculated, proving the existence of backward bifurcation. Backward bifurcation is caused by the imperfect protection rate of susceptible population due to education. Using China's actual data for parameter fitting, it is found that new HIV infections are on an upward trend. In response to this phenomenon, publicity and education, condoms, screening, and treatment of infected populations are considered as control measures. It is concluded that publicity and education is the primary strategy. This measure can not only effectively reduce the number of infected populations but also effectively increase the awareness rate of HIV‐infected populations. It is recommended to use condoms and have fewer sexual partners during sexual contact. Numerical simulation verifies that early stage publicity and education are much more important than post‐infection screening and treatment measures.
Hybrid discrete‐continuum modeling of tumor‐immune interactions: Fractional time and space analysis with immunotherapy
Authors: El Asraoui Hiba , Hilal Khalid , El Hajaji Abdelmajid
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we introduce an innovative hybrid discrete‐continuum model that provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the intricate interactions between tumor cells, immune cells, and the effects of immunotherapy. This study distinguishes itself by addressing the limitations of traditional diffusion models, which often fail to capture the irregular and nonlocal movements of cells within the complex tumor microenvironment. To overcome these challenges, we employ fractional time derivatives and the fractional Laplacian operator, offering a more accurate representation of anomalous diffusion processes that are critical in cancer dynamics. Our research begins with a rigorous mathematical analysis, where we establish the global existence of a unique mild solution, laying a solid theoretical foundation for the model. A key innovation of our study is the introduction of the “invasion threshold,” a critical parameter inspired by the next‐generation operator used in epidemiological modeling. This threshold provides a powerful tool for determining the existence and stability of equilibrium points, offering deep insights into the conditions that either promote or inhibit tumor growth under immunotherapeutic interventions. By integrating a hybrid discrete‐continuum approach, we capture the individual behavior of each cell, allowing for a more detailed exploration of the dynamic interplay within the tumor microenvironment. This model not only advances our understanding of tumor‐immune interactions but also holds potential for informing more effective therapeutic strategies, making a significant contribution to the field of mathematical oncology.
Reversibly Compressible Cross‐Linked Polystyrene Gels, Compatible With Toluene‐d8 and Pyridine‐d5, for Measurement of Residual Dipolar Couplings and Residual Chemical Shift Anisotropies
Authors: dos Santos Franciane G. , Carvalho Daiane S. , Hallwass Fernando , Navarro‐Vázquez Armando
Published: November 2024

A chemically cross‐linked version of polystyrene is presented here that allows the preparation of reversibly mechanically compressible gels as NMR weakly aligning media. The gels can be successfully swollen in aromatic solvents such as toluene‐d8 and pyridine‐d5, as well as in CDCl3, and provided accurate measurements of 1DCH RDCs and 13C‐RCSAs.
Radiofrequency‐transparent local B0 shimming coils using float traps
Authors: Liu Changzhe , Liang Hao , Lu Ming , Gore John C. , Sengupta Saikat , Yan Xinqiang
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Static field (B0) inhomogeneities present a major challenge in high‐field MRI. Multicoil shimming using independent, local, direct‐current (DC) shim coils has emerged as a powerful and flexible technique to address this issue. However, many‐turn DC coils can lead to significant mutual coupling with radiofrequency (RF) coils, causing transmit field (B1+) distortions and signal‐to‐noise ratio degradation.

Methods

We introduce an innovative RF‐transparent DC coil that performs B0 shimming while minimizing RF performance impact. The design incorporates float traps to maintain high RF impedance, allowing flexible placement relative to the RF coil without compromising signal‐to‐noise ratio or affecting B1+. We fabricated square‐shaped DC coils with float traps for 3T MRI and compared them with conventional DC coils. To demonstrate high ΔB0/Amp efficiency, we conducted a B0 shimming experiment around a metal hip implant.

Results

Bench tests and MRI experimental results demonstrated that the RF‐transparent DC coil effectively minimized RF interference, preserved signal‐to‐noise ratio, and maintained B1+, even when placed near the RF receive coil. Additionally, the DC coil significantly improved B0 homogeneity near metal implants and substantially reduced image distortion.

Conclusion

The RF‐transparent DC coil offers a flexible, effective solution for managing B0 inhomogeneities, paving the way for integrating multiturn DC coils in clinical MRI settings without extensive hardware modifications.
Nonsingular Indirect Boundary Element Method and Multistrategy Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Applied to 3D Subsurface Cavity Inversion
Authors: Liu Zhongxian , Zhu Shuo , Cheng Alexander H. D. , Huang Zhenen
Published: November 2024

The inversion of subsurface geological structures is a crucial approach for gaining insights into the internal composition of the earth. In this paper, we propose a novel inversion method combining the nonsingular indirect boundary element method (IBEM) with the multistrategy particle swarm optimization (MSPSO) algorithm, tailored for accurately inverting 3D subsurface cavities. Leveraging the semi‐analytical nature of IBEM offers advantages such as dimensionality reduction, automatic fulfillment of radiation conditions at infinity, and high computational accuracy. Furthermore, to augment global optimization and local search capabilities, an MSPSO algorithm is introduced. Employing multiple optimization strategies enhances particle diversity, accelerates algorithm convergence, and mitigates the risk of local optima. Through the consideration of subsurface cavities with varying parameters, this method quickly identifies the approximate location of the cavity within a wide search range. The final results demonstrate that the proposed method can simultaneously and accurately invert the 3D spatial position, size, and orientation of the cavity.
Lateral Response Analysis of a Large‐Diameter Pile Under Combined Horizontal Dynamic and Axial Static Loads in Nonhomogeneous Soil
Authors: Jiang Jie , Ai Yonglin , Chen Lijun , Chai Wencheng , Chen Mingxi , Ou Xiaoduo
Published: November 2024

The large diameter piles are widely used in structures such as offshore wind turbines due to their superior lateral load‐bearing capacity. To explore the lateral response of a large‐diameter pile under combined horizontal dynamic and axial static loads in nonhomogeneous soil, a simplified analytical model of the pile–soil interaction is developed. This model represents the pile as a Timoshenko beam resting on the Pasternak foundation, incorporating the double‐shear effect by considering both pile and soil shear. The governing matrix equations for the pile elements are derived from the principle of virtual work. Further, the pile's lateral deformations and internal forces are obtained using the modified finite beam element method (FBEM) and then validated through existing analytical solutions. Finally, the contribution of various properties of pile, soil, and applied load to the pile's lateral vibration response are performed. It is found that both pile and soil shear effects significantly impact the lateral dynamic response of a large‐diameter pile. Additionally, in nonhomogeneous soil, decreasing surface soil strength and dimensionless frequency lead to increased lateral displacements and bending moments of the pile, which are significantly affected by the P‐Δ effect under increasing axial load.
Nurse Educators and Faculty Members Challenges Towards Online Teaching During COVID‐19 Pandemic Crisis: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Alqahtani Friyal Mubarak
Published: November 2024

Aim

The effects of COVID‐19 have brought numerous changes in society in the past several months. Lifestyles, business sectors, educational facilities and healthcare services have been greatly affected, causing individuals to be alarmed about future repercussions. This study investigated the various challenges of nursing faculties in conducting online teaching during the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis.

Design

Qualitative description.

Method

Individual interviews were conducted among 20 nurse educators and faculty members, including professors, lecturers and demonstrators utilising a semistructured interview guide. This study utilised qualitative content analysis. COREQ criteria list was used in the qualitative data reporting.

Result

Three major themes were generated from the experiences of the participants namely: (1) ‘lack of teacher–student interaction’ (2) ‘digital literacy and technical issues’ and (3) ‘curriculum structure and programme quality’. The study's benefits will enable the nurse faculties to realise and conceptualise ways and means to mitigate the challenges in conducting online teaching since the effects of COVID‐19 continue to increase. Nurse faculties must prepare various strategies approach to deliver education without compromising their quality.

Patient or Public Contribution

Experts from various fields were consulted in the planning of the data gathering procedures, analysis of data and reviewing of the manuscript.
Interventional Strategies to Mitigate Maternal Stress and Enhance Coping Skills During Neonatal Admission Into Intensive Care Units in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Siva N. , Velayudhan Binil , Nayak Baby S. , Lewis Leslie Edward S. , Iqbal Faiza , Noronha Judith Angelitta
Published: November 2024

Background

Mothers of high‐risk neonates experience tremendous stress during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. This stress has a negative impact on mothers' participation in neonatal care activities, psychological health and coping skills in the NICU.

Objective

To determine the impact of interventional strategies to reduce maternal stress and enhance coping skills during neonatal admission to the NICU.

Design

A scoping review was carried out following the methodological framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley.

Methods

This scoping review was conducted as per the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, including a quality appraisal checklist for randomised and nonrandomised controlled trials. Patterns, advances, gaps, evidence for practice and research recommendations from the review (PAGER framework) were used to report the results. The following international databases were used to search for primary articles: Medline via PubMed, EBSCOhost via CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and the ProQuest Medical Library. Original studies published in English between January 2011 and January 2023 from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) that assessed maternal stress and coping skills during neonatal NICU admission were included in the review.

Results

The review included 15 articles from LMICs, of which 60% were from middle‐income, 25% were from lower‐middle‐income and 15% were from low‐income countries. Interventional strategies were described under five categories. Maternal stress decreased significantly across all three subscales of the PSPS: ‘sight and sound’, ‘baby looks and behavior’ and ‘parental relationship with baby and role alteration’ during neonatal NICU admission. Interventional strategies involving family‐centred care and emotional and psychological supportive care have been reported to have a consistently positive impact on alleviating maternal stress and enhancing coping skills in the NICU.

Conclusion

Healthcare professionals, especially nurses, are pivotal in promptly recognising maternal stress and NICU stressors. The participation of mothers in neonatal care, such as through family‐centred care and emotional support interventions, significantly reduces maternal stress and enhances coping skills.
Risk related to gestational weight loss among individuals with obesity: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Guo Yanfang , Souza Sara C. S. , Bruce Liam , Luo Rong , El‐Chaâr Darine , Gaudet Laura M. , Muldoon Katherine , Hawken Steven , Dunn Sandra I. , Rennicks White Ruth , Dingwall‐Harvey Alysha L. J. , Walker Mark C. , Wen Shi Wu , Corsi Daniel J.
Published: November 2024

Objective

There is no clear evidence on the risk of gestational weight loss (GWL) for individuals with obesity. Our study aimed to assess the association between GWL and adverse perinatal outcomes among individuals with obesity.

Methods

This population‐based retrospective cohort study examined individuals with prepregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 who had a singleton pregnancy, using Ontario, Canada, birth registry data from 2012 to 2020. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse outcomes, including perinatal death and neonatal morbidity. The association between GWL and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes was estimated using generalized estimating equation models and restricted cubic spline regression analysis. Stratified analysis was conducted by obesity class.

Results

Of the 157,205 individuals with obesity, 6.1% experienced GWL. Compared with adequate gestational weight gain, GWL was associated with an increased risk of a composite of adverse perinatal outcomes (adjusted risk ratio: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.22–1.39). Similar results were observed in the stratified analysis. Restricted cubic spline regression analysis revealed that average weekly gestational weight changes displayed a nonlinear U‐shaped association, with a higher risk of a composite of adverse perinatal outcomes noted in the extremities, particularly toward GWL and excessive weight gain.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that GWL may increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes across all obesity classes.
Depot‐specific differences and heterogeneity of adipose‐derived stem cells in diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Guo Honglin , Sheng Ailing , Qi Xiangyu , Zhu Lin , Wang Guanyu , Zou Yizhou , Guan Qingbo , Lu Yuntao , Tang Hui , Hou Xu
Published: November 2024

Objective

Obesity is a global health concern. Studying the heterogeneity of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) plays a pivotal role in understanding metabolic disorders, such as obesity.

Methods

Mass cytometry was used to determine the depot‐specific differences and heterogeneity of ADSCs and their alterations at the single‐cell level in a diet‐induced‐obesity (DIO) model in which mice were treated with liraglutide.

Results

We characterized the relationship among ADSC markers and found that CD26 and CD142 could identify the most representative heterogeneous ADSCs in subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue. Specifically, CD26+CD142− and CD26+CD142+ ADSCs were exclusive to subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue, respectively, whereas CD26−CD142+ ADSCs were present in both. RNA analysis explored the potential functions of these three subgroups. In the visceral adipose tissue of DIO mice, we observed a substantial downregulation of CD26+CD142+ ADSCs and upregulation of CD26−CD142+ ADSCs, both of which were mitigated by liraglutide treatment.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the depot‐specific differences and heterogeneity of ADSCs and their alterations under DIO conditions, which can potentially be reversed by liraglutide treatment. This study provides new insights into the identification of more specific ADSC subgroups to explore the etiology of metabolism‐related diseases.
Additive manufacturing of sandwich panels with continuous fiber reinforced high modulus composite facings
Authors: Ibitoye Femi A. , Radford Donald W.
Published: November 2024

An improved approach consisting of a combination of fiber placement and fused filament fabrication is introduced for the additive manufacture (AM) of structural grade sandwich beams. Here, sandwich beams are additively manufactured using in‐situ deposition and consolidation of continuous fiber unidirectional facings made from a commingled yarn system of e‐glass fiber (~50% vol.) and amorphous PET, and a hexagonal honeycomb core structure made from PETG. Both facings and the sandwich core are manufactured on a single machine, in one sequence (skin‐core‐skin), employing the benefit of matrix compatibility to create autohesion at the interfaces. Flexural and transverse shear rigidity are determined experimentally and compared with analytical predictions and show correlation to within 3%. Flexural strength and core shear strength are also measured. Post‐mortem examinations show that core fracture and core facing debond were the dominant failure mode in flexure. Single cantilever beam tests were performed to evaluate core facing debond toughness. Subsequently, surface preheat using infrared heaters was utilized to increase autohesion between core and facing. The results show debond toughness was increased 4 times using infrared heating. This research effort presents a manufacturing approach that has the potential for the AM of stiff, well bonded, structural grade sandwich beams, in an integrated sequence, employing in‐situ consolidation to the facings, without the need for the use of intermediate adhesives for skin‐to‐core bonding.

Highlights

An improved additive manufacturing technique for making sandwich panels is developed.

Sandwich panel facings have fiber volume fractions of approximately 50%.

Surface preheat improves core‐to‐facing debond toughness by a factor of 4.

Top and bottom facings are consolidated during manufacture leading to better properties.

Experimental results are compared to analytical predictions and show good correlation.
An Integrated Approach to Identify the Q‐Markers of Banxia‐Houpo Decoction Based on Nontargeted Multicomponent Profiling, Network Pharmacology, and Chemometrics
Authors: Wang Long , Wu Weigang , Li Guoxiang , Chen Haiyang , Fan Yinyin , Chen Wei , Zhou Guifang , Li Wenlong
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The inherent complexity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) poses significant challenges in directly correlating quality evaluation with clinical efficacy. Banxia‐Houpo Decoction (BHD), a classical TCM formula, has demonstrated efficacy in treating globus hystericus. However, the intricate composition of BHD, which contains both volatile and non‐volatile active components, complicates efforts to ensure its consistent quality and clinical effectiveness.

Objective

The aim of this study was to introduce an integrated approach that combines non‐targeted multicomponent analysis, network pharmacology, and multivariate chemometrics to identify quality markers for the effective quality control of BHD.

Materials and Methods

First, a nontargeted high‐definition MSE method based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS) was developed for the comprehensive multi‐component characterization of BHD. Next, the quality markers of nonvolatile compounds in BHD were identified through network pharmacology analysis. Subsequently, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in BHD samples were analyzed via headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) and headspace gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS). Finally, the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) model was applied to screen for potential markers.

Results

Based on in‐house library‐driven automated peak annotation and comparison with 25 reference compounds, 128 components were identified for the first time. Additionally, honokiol, magnolol, magnoflorine, 6‐gingerol, rosmarinic acid, and adenosine were preliminarily identified as potential quality markers for BHD through network pharmacology analysis. By employing two complementary techniques, HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and HS‐GC‐IMS, a total of 145 volatile compounds was identified in the BHD samples. Four potential differential VOCs in the BHD samples were further identified based on the variable importance in projection (VIP ≥ 1.5) using HS‐GC‐IMS combined with chemometric analysis.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study not only contributes to establishing quality standards for BHD but also offers new insights into quality assessment and identification in the development of classical formulations enriched with volatile components.