bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The liver flukeOpisthorchis felineusas a group III or group I carcinogen
Authors: Pakharukova Mariya Yurievna , Correia da Costa José Manuel , Mordvinov Viatcheslav Alekseevitch
Published: July 2019

Opisthorchiasis caused by the liver flukeOpisthorchis felineusis one of the most common helminthic infections in the Russian Federation. The largest area affected by opisthorchiasis felinea occupies almost the entire territory of Western Siberia and extends to northern Kazakhstan and a part of the Ural region. Natural endemic regions of opisthorchiasis also exist in the European part of Russia, and in the regions of Western and Eastern Europe. According to the official statistics of the Russian Federation, up to 40 000 patients with opisthorchiasis are registered annually in the country.

Opisthorchiasis felinea affects the hepatobiliary system and causes serious liver disorders, including cancer of the biliary tract. Other parasitoses, opisthorchiasis viverrini and clonorchiasis, are widespread in the Southeast Asia and China. The causative agents of these diseases, liver flukesO. viverriniandClonorchis sinensis, are officially recognized as Group 1 biological carcinogens and are classified as the main risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma.O. felineusis included in Group 3 of biological carcinogens and is not officially considered carcinogenic to humans. Studies on the carcinogenic potential of this liver fluke and the epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma in the Russian Federation have started in earnest quite recently. Nevertheless, we have some evidence that infection withO. felineusleads to a precancerous state of the bile duct epithelium. This state, combined with additional risk factors, poses a real risk of cholangiocarcinoma. In our opinion, taking into consideration the accumulated facts, the classification of the carcinogenic potential ofO. felineusrequires revision. In this review, we focus on the relevant characteristics of the biology and epidemiology of this helminth as well as experimental data on opisthorchiasis felinea; this information might clarify the carcinogenicity ofO. felineusto humans.
Laser-induced modification of amorphous GST225 phase change materials
Authors: Kozyukhin Sergey A. , Lazarenko Petr I. , Vorobyov Yuri V. , Savelyev Mikhail S. , Polokhin Alexander A. , Glukhenkaya Victoria B. , Sherchenkov Alexey A. , Gerasimenko Alexander Yu.
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we have studied the crystallization behavior of amorphous GST225 thin films upon irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses. Crystalline and melt-quenched amorphous regions were produced by exposure to laser single or multipulses, and were characterized by the optical microscopy and by the micro-Raman spectroscopy. Transition region between the amorphous and crystalline parts of the laser-modified area was investigated by atomic force microscopy. Using irradiation by single laser pulses with varying fluence, it was verified that crystallization was possible if the fluence is more than 90.4 mJ/cm2.
Research on coherent jet oxygen lance in BOF steelmaking process
Authors: Lv Ming , Zhu Rong
Published: July 2019

The properties of conventional supersonic oxygen jet and coherent jet were simulated by Fluent in this paper. Their velocity field and jet radius were analyzed comparatively. The attenuation of gas jet was slowed down by the coherent jet oxygen lance. Besides, the effects of annular flow rate on the central oxygen jet velocity were also researched. It is showed that the core of the jet is gradually prolonged with the increase of annular gas flow rate. Based on the simulations, the designed coherent jet oxygen lance was experimented in 35 ton converter. It is found that the end-point phosphorus content is decreased from 0.024 to 0.016%, and dephosphorization rate is increased significantly, the average consumption of steel material is reduced by 3.4 kg/t, and iron-loss of slag is also reduced, which is favorable to improve oxygen utilization and metallic yield. This research provides good foundation for coherent jet technology promotion and application in Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF).
Substitution Opiatabhängiger im Rahmen der stationären Rehabilitationsbehandlung – welche Patienten profitieren?
Authors: Kuhlmann Thomas , Specka Michael , Rhode Andreas , Post Yvonne , Pietras Martina , Funke Wilma , Feugmann Karin , Scherbaum Norbert
Published: July 2019

Ziel Es wird untersucht, ob opiatabhängige Patienten mit gesundheitlichen und sozialen Zusatzbelastungen von einer stationären Drogen-Reha davon profitieren, dass eine bestehende Substitution zunächst fortgeführt wird.

Methodik Multizentrische Studie in 4 Fachkliniken mit 227 bei Aufnahme substituierten und 156 bei Aufnahme opioidfreien Patienten.

Ergebnisse Patienten ohne Reha-Erfahrung und solche mit affektiven und Angststörungen zeigten in der abstinenzbasierten Behandlung geminderte Erfolgsraten, in der initial substituierten Gruppe dagegen erhöhte.

Schlussfolgerung Für Patienten mit besonderen psychischen Belastungen bzw. für solche, die rein abstinenzbasierte Rehabilitationsbehandlungen nicht beginnen wollten, kann die Aufnahme unter Substitution ein Vorteil sein.
Et3N-Promoted Tandem Cyclization of Bromomaleimides with Active Methylene Compounds: An Efficient Synthesis of cis-3,4-Dihydropyrrolidine-2,5-diones
Authors: Li Mengyao , Zhu Yinghong , Wang Haibin , Chen Wanli
Published: July 2019

The Et3N-promoted tandem cyclization of bromomaleimides with active methylene compounds is presented, providing an efficient method for the synthesis of cis-3,4-dihydropyrrolidine-2,5-diones in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.
Midterm Results after Implant-Free Patellar Fixation Technique for Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Mayer Philipp , Schuster Philipp , Schlumberger Michael , Eichinger Martin , Pfaff Michael , Immendörfer Micha , Richter Jörg
Published: July 2019

Problems and complications concerning the patellar fixation in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) have been reported. The purpose of this retrospective study was to systematically analyze the surgical technique for MPFLR with a V-shaped patellar bonetunnel for implant-free fixation of an autologous gracilis tendon, allowing early functional rehabilitation, regarding restoration of the patellofemoral stability, patient satisfaction, return to sports, and technique-specific complications. In 2010, 128 cases of consecutive isolated MPFLR were performed. All these cases were included. After a minimum follow-up of 3 years, 104 cases were retrospectively analyzed (follow-up: 81.3%) with regard to redislocation, subjective functional outcome (Tegner's score and sports level compared with preoperative level), patient satisfaction, revision surgery, and technique-specific complications. After a follow-up of 45.7 ± 3.2 months, 101 of 104 cases (97.1%) showed no redislocation. Mean Tegner's score was 5.1 ± 1.8 (range, 2–9). A total of 61.5% patients reported about a higher sports level compared with their preoperative level. The patient satisfaction was high with 94.2%. In two cases (1.9%), technique-specific problems occurred as the bone bridge of the V-shaped tunnel was insufficient due to a malpositioning of the aiming device. No further technique-specific problems occurred and no revision surgery was necessary during the observational period. The presented surgical technique is safe and it reliably restores the patellofemoral stability, with a low rate of redislocations, an excellent subjective functional outcome, and a high-patient-reported satisfaction. No major technique-specific complications occurred.
Runaway electron imaging spectrometry (REIS) system
Authors: Causa F. , Gospodarczyk M. , Buratti P. , Carnevale D. , De Angelis R. , Esposito B. , Grosso A. , Maddaluno G. , Martin-Solis J. R. , Piergotti V. , Popovic Z. , Rocchi G. , Sibio A. , Sozzi C. , Tilia B. , Valisa M. ,   FTU Team
Published: July 2019

A portable Runaway Electron Imaging and Spectrometry System (REIS) was developed in ENEA-Frascati to measure synchrotron radiation spectra from in-flight runaway electrons in tokamaks. The REIS is a wide-angle optical system collecting simultaneously visible and infrared emission spectra using an incoherent bundle of fibers, in a spectral range that spans from 500 nm to 2500 nm, and visible images using a CCD color microcamera at a rate of 25 frames/s. The REIS system is supervised and managed using a dedicated LabVIEW program to acquire data simultaneously from three spectrometers every 20 ms (configurable down to 10 ms). An overview of the REIS architecture and acquisition system and resulting experimental data obtained in FTU are presented and discussed in this paper.
Path integral Monte Carlo simulation of degenerate electrons: Permutation-cycle properties
Authors: Dornheim T. , Groth S. , Filinov A. V. , Bonitz M.
Published: July 2019

Being motivated by the surge of fermionic quantum Monte Carlo simulations at finite temperature, we present a detailed analysis of the permutation-cycle properties of path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations of degenerate electrons. Particular emphasis is put onto the uniform electron gas in the warm dense matter regime. We carry out PIMC simulations of up to N = 100 electrons and investigate exchange-cycle frequencies, which are found not to follow any simple exponential law even in the case of ideal fermions due to the finite size of the simulation box. Moreover, we introduce a permutation-cycle correlation function, which allows us to analyze the joint probability to simultaneously find cycles of different lengths within a single configuration. Again, we find that finite-size effects predominate the observed behavior. Finally, we briefly consider an inhomogeneous system, namely, electrons in a 2D harmonic trap. We expect our results to be of interest for the further development of fermionic PIMC methods, in particular, to alleviate the notorious fermion sign problem.
A gamma-ray tomography system to determine wax deposition distribution in oil pipelines
Authors: Askari Mojtaba , Taheri Ali , Mojtahedzadeh Larijani Majid , Movafeghi Amir , Faripour Heidar
Published: July 2019

Monitoring wax deposition in pipelines is of particular importance for oil extraction companies. In this work, a new gamma-ray tomography system based on using a rod CsI(Na) scintillator and 137Cs gamma source was developed to view the cross section of oil pipelines. The system can estimate the interaction position of gamma-rays by measuring light attenuation in the rod scintillator using two photomultiplier tubes coupled to its ends. Therefore, despite the simple structure of the employed detector, it can act as a position-sensitive instrument. In order to test the proposed tomography system, a selection of desired polyethylene round-bar pieces (as different wax thicknesses) was prepared to be placed in iron pipes, and their projections at different angles were acquired to construct cross-sectional images as well. The results showed that the designed system had the ability to scan the interior of the pipes and determine wax thickness with an error between 2.4% and 11.4%.
A correlation between electron-hole pair radii and magnetomodulation of exciplex fluorescence in electron donor-electron acceptor organic systems
Authors: Pelczarski Daniel , Grygiel Piotr , Falkowski Karol , Stampor Waldemar
Published: July 2019

Electric field dependencies of electromodulated photoluminescence and magnitudes of the magnetic-field effect on photoluminescence have been measured in vacuum-evaporated films of m-MTDATA [4,4′,4″-tris(N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine]:bathophenanthroline, m-MTDATA:BCP (bathocuproine), as well as 4,4′,4″-tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine:BCP. The Sano-Tachiya-Noolandi-Hong extension of standard Onsager formalism was used to investigate the electron-hole pair dissociation process which allowed us to estimate the pair intercarrier distances and the final speed of carrier recombination. A distinct correlation between the pair radii and the magnitude of the magnetic-field effect has been found.
On the formation and morphology of coherent particulate structures in non-isothermal enclosures subjected to rotating g-jitters
Authors: Lappa Marcello
Published: July 2019

The strategy undertaken in the author’s earlier work [M. Lappa, “The patterning behaviour and accumulation of spherical particles in a vibrated non-isothermal liquid,” Phys. Fluids 26(9), 093301 (2014) and M. Lappa, “On the multiplicity and symmetry of particle attractors in confined non-isothermal fluids subjected to inclined vibrations,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow 93, 71–83 (2017)] based on the use of polarized (purely translational) vibrations for achieving the segregation or accumulation of solid particles in specific regions of an initially dilute dispersion is further pursued by allowing the direction of vibrations to change in time with respect to the applied temperature difference. In particular, the potential of the considered approach in separating the particles from the liquid is explored under the assumption that the angular velocity by which the vibrations axis rotates about a fixed axis is of the same order of magnitude or smaller (one or two orders of magnitude) than the frequency of shaking. A new family of particle coherent structures is identified in the physical space, which can be distinguished from the companion category of particle attractors for fixed vibration direction due to its increased symmetry properties. It is shown how the average nonlinear effects produced by the rotation of the vibration axis, together with those induced by the finite size of the enclosure, accumulate over time leading to the observed fascinating variety of symmetrical patterns.
Implementation of analytic gradients for CCSD and EOM-CCSD using Cholesky decomposition of the electron-repulsion integrals and their derivatives: Theory and benchmarks
Authors: Feng Xintian , Epifanovsky Evgeny , Gauss Jürgen , Krylov Anna I.
Published: July 2019

We present a general formulation of analytic nuclear gradients for the coupled-cluster with single and double substitution (CCSD) and equation-of-motion (EOM) CCSD energies computed using Cholesky decomposition (CD) representations of the electron repulsion integrals. By rewriting the correlated energy and response equations such that the storage of the largest four-index intermediates is eliminated, CD leads to a significant reduction in disk storage requirements, reduced I/O penalties, and an improved parallel performance. CD thus extends the scope of the systems that can be treated by (EOM-)CCSD methods, although analytic gradients in the framework of CD are needed to extend the applicability of (EOM-)CCSD methods in the context of geometry optimizations. This paper presents a formulation of analytic (EOM-)CCSD gradient within the CD framework and reports on the salient details of the corresponding implementation. The accuracy and the capabilities of analytic CD-based (EOM-)CCSD gradients are illustrated by benchmark calculations and several illustrative examples.
Formyl torsion and cationic structure of gauche conformer in isobutanal by conformer-specific VUV-MATI spectroscopy and Franck-Condon fitting
Authors: Lee Yu Ran , Kim Kyeung Eun , Kim Myung Hwa , Kim Hong Lae , Kwon Chan Ho
Published: July 2019

We report conformational and vibrational assignments of vacuum ultraviolet mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectrum of the isolated gauche conformer, based on previously determined conformer-specific photoionization and conformational stabilities of isobutanal. The vibrational spectrum of the pure cationic gauche conformer was acquired by removing the trans conformer via conformationally effective cooling with Ar carrier gas. The peaks in the spectrum were assigned by Franck-Condon (FC) fitting by adjusting the cationic geometrical parameters of the gauche conformer at the CAM-B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level. Based on the good agreement between the experimental and calculated results, we were able to determine the precise structure of the cationic gauche conformer of isobutanal with C1 symmetry. Notably, the unveiled vibrational structure was mainly attributed to a geometrical change along the vibrational motions associated with the formyl torsion and CC stretching upon ionization, resulting in their prominent spectral overtones and combination bands with other fundamental vibrations. On the potential energy curve for the formyl torsion of the cationic gauche conformer determined by FC fitting, the transition barrier at 313 cm−1 preserved the hindered formyl torsion in the case of a harmonic potential well, which was confirmed by the progression of formyl torsion, namely, 331, 332, and 333 observed at 60, 120, and 180 cm−1, respectively.
Allan White and Solvento/Aqua Complexes: ScIII Solvation
Authors: Chan Eric J. , Cotton Simon A. , Harrowfield Jack M. , Skelton Brian W. , Sobolev Alexandre N. , White Allan H.
Published: July 2019

Addition of various oxygen-donor ligands (L, all dipolar, aprotic solvents), to a solution of hydrated scandium picrate in weakly coordinating solvents (S), has yielded several crystalline adducts of the form Sc(pic)3(L)m(·nS) in which all ligands L are coordinated, subsequently characterised by a series of single crystal X-ray studies. For L=dmso, m=3 and the picrate anions are all bound as phenoxide-O donor units, while for nmp, dma, tmp, and hmpa, m=2 and one of the bound picrates becomes bidentate through phenoxide- and nitro-O donation. For L=ompa, m=2 and two picrate ligands are bound through phenoxide-O while one is displaced from the primary coordination sphere. All complexes contain six-coordinate ScIII, confirming that this coordination number is a consequence of ligand bulk.
Structural Systematics of Lanthanide(III) Picrate Solvates: Molecular, Mononuclear Ln(pic)3(trimethylphosphate)3 Arrays
Authors: Chan Eric J. , Harrowfield Jack M. , Skelton Brian W. , Sobolev Alexandre N. , White Allan H.
Published: July 2019

Adducts of the form Ln(pic)3(tmp)3 (Ln=lanthanide(iii); pic=picrate=2,4,6-trinitrophenoxide; tmp=trimethylphosphate, (MeO)3PO) have been prepared for extremal Ln=La, Lu and some intermediate members, also Y, and characterised by single crystal X-ray structure determinations as unsolvated, mononuclear, molecular species. The lanthanide atom has nine-coordinate, tri-capped trigonal prismatic stereochemistry in all cases, the picrate components behaving as O,O′-bidentate ligands chelating through the phenoxy- and an adjacent O-nitro oxygen atom, thus: [Ln(tmp-O)3(pic-O,O′)3]. Two isomeric forms are found, one mer in which the three unidentate tmp-O ligands coordinate in cis-sites spanning the upper and lower triangles and a capping site of the coordination sphere, and fac, in which all three unidentate ligands occupy the mutually cis-sites of one triangular face. The mer isomer has been described as an isomorphous series in a monoclinic P21/c, Z 4, form, for Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Lu, and Y, presumptively accessible for the full gamut of Ln. The fac-isomer also crystallises in a monoclinic P21/c form, Z 8, two independent molecules of similar stereochemistry here comprising the asymmetric unit and described for Ln=Eu, Lu(isomorphous); it has also been described in a triclinic P, Z 2 form for Ln=La.
Antigen structure affects cellular routing through DC-SIGN
Authors: Jarvis Cassie M. , Zwick Daniel B. , Grim Joseph C. , Alam Mohammad Murshid , Prost Lynne R. , Gardiner Jaye C. , Park Soyeong , Zimdars Laraine L. , Sherer Nathan M. , Kiessling Laura L.
Published: July 2019

Significance

Dendritic cells (DCs) express cell-surface lectins that bind to carbohydrates displayed on the surface of pathogens. The binding of pathogens to these lectins results in internalization to endosomal compartments, where the pathogens are destroyed and an immune response is initiated. HIV-1 can subvert this process—lectin engagement routes HIV-1 to cellular compartments that allow the virus to evade destruction. We synthesized glycopolymers to test whether the size and physical properties of the antigens impact trafficking. Small polymers trafficked to endosomes, as expected. Alternatively, large particulate polymers localized in the nonendosomal compartments occupied by HIV-1. These data indicate that antigen structure affects routing by DC lectins. Our findings can be exploited to direct cargo to different compartments.
α-synuclein−lipoprotein interactions and elevated ApoE level in cerebrospinal fluid from Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Paslawski Wojciech , Zareba-Paslawska Justyna , Zhang Xiaoqun , Hölzl Katharina , Wadensten Henrik , Shariatgorji Mohammadreza , Janelidze Shorena , Hansson Oskar , Forsgren Lars , Andrén Per E. , Svenningsson Per
Published: July 2019

Significance

Two of the most important issues in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research are the identification of mechanisms underlying α-synuclein cell-to-cell transfer in the nervous system and the discovery of early diagnostic biomarkers. Both of these issues are addressed in our current manuscript. Using multiple approaches, we present that α-synuclein interacts with lipoproteins within human cerebrospinal fluid and can be taken up by cells in such a state. Moreover, using cerebrospinal fluid samples from 3 large and independent cohorts of patients, we demonstrate that apolipoprotein E is elevated in early, not yet medicated, patients with PD. Finally, using postmortem brain tissue, we provide preliminary histological evidence that apolipoprotein E is enriched in a subpopulation of dopaminergic neurons of human substantia nigra.
Deep evolutionary origin of limb and fin regeneration
Authors: Darnet Sylvain , Dragalzew Aline C. , Amaral Danielson B. , Sousa Josane F. , Thompson Andrew W. , Cass Amanda N. , Lorena Jamily , Pires Eder S. , Costa Carinne M. , Sousa Marcos P. , Fröbisch Nadia B. , Oliveira Guilherme , Schneider Patricia N. , Davis Marcus C. , Braasch Ingo , Schneider Igor
Published: July 2019

Salamanders and lungfishes are the only sarcopterygians (lobe-finned vertebrates) capable of paired appendage regeneration, regardless of the amputation level. Among actinopterygians (ray-finned fishes), regeneration after amputation at the fin endoskeleton has only been demonstrated in polypterid fishes (Cladistia). Whether this ability evolved independently in sarcopterygians and actinopterygians or has a common origin remains unknown. Here we combine fin regeneration assays and comparative RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of
Polypterus
and axolotl blastemas to provide support for a common origin of paired appendage regeneration in Osteichthyes (bony vertebrates). We show that, in addition to polypterids, regeneration after fin endoskeleton amputation occurs in extant representatives of 2 other nonteleost actinopterygians: the American paddlefish (Chondrostei) and the spotted gar (Holostei). Furthermore, we assessed regeneration in 4 teleost species and show that, with the exception of the blue gourami (Anabantidae), 3 species were capable of regenerating fins after endoskeleton amputation: the white convict and the oscar (Cichlidae), and the goldfish (Cyprinidae). Our comparative RNA-seq analysis of regenerating blastemas of axolotl and
Polypterus
reveals the activation of common genetic pathways and expression profiles, consistent with a shared genetic program of appendage regeneration. Comparison of RNA-seq data from early
Polypterus
blastema to single-cell RNA-seq data from axolotl limb bud and limb regeneration stages shows that
Polypterus
and axolotl share a regeneration-specific genetic program. Collectively, our findings support a deep evolutionary origin of paired appendage regeneration in Osteichthyes and provide an evolutionary framework for studies on the genetic basis of appendage regeneration.
A comparison of the transport kinetics of glycine transporter 1 and glycine transporter 2
Authors: Erdem Fatma Asli , Ilic Marija , Koppensteiner Peter , Gołacki Jakub , Lubec Gert , Freissmuth Michael , Sandtner Walter
Published: July 2019

Transporters of the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) family translocate their cognate substrate together with Na+ and Cl−. Detailed kinetic models exist for the transporters of GABA (GAT1/SLC6A1) and the monoamines dopamine (DAT/SLC6A3) and serotonin (SERT/SLC6A4). Here, we posited that the transport cycle of individual SLC6 transporters reflects the physiological requirements they operate under. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the transport cycle of glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1/SLC6A9) and glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2/SLC6A5). GlyT2 is the only SLC6 family member known to translocate glycine, Na+, and Cl− in a 1:3:1 stoichiometry. We analyzed partial reactions in real time by electrophysiological recordings. Contrary to monoamine transporters, both GlyTs were found to have a high transport capacity driven by rapid return of the empty transporter after release of Cl− on the intracellular side. Rapid cycling of both GlyTs was further supported by highly cooperative binding of cosubstrate ions and substrate such that their forward transport mode was maintained even under conditions of elevated intracellular Na+ or Cl−. The most important differences in the transport cycle of GlyT1 and GlyT2 arose from the kinetics of charge movement and the resulting voltage-dependent rate-limiting reactions: the kinetics of GlyT1 were governed by transition of the substrate-bound transporter from outward- to inward-facing conformations, whereas the kinetics of GlyT2 were governed by Na+ binding (or a related conformational change). Kinetic modeling showed that the kinetics of GlyT1 are ideally suited for supplying the extracellular glycine levels required for NMDA receptor activation.
The 2019 surface acoustic waves roadmap
Authors: Delsing Per , Cleland Andrew N , Schuetz Martin J A , Knörzer Johannes , Giedke Géza , Cirac J Ignacio , Srinivasan Kartik , Wu Marcelo , Balram Krishna Coimbatore , Bäuerle Christopher , Meunier Tristan , Ford Christopher J B , Santos Paulo V , Cerda-Méndez Edgar , Wang Hailin , Krenner Hubert J , Nysten Emeline D S , Weiß Matthias , Nash Geoff R , Thevenard Laura , Gourdon Catherine , Rovillain Pauline , Marangolo Max , Duquesne Jean-Yves , Fischerauer Gerhard , Ruile Werner , Reiner Alexander , Paschke Ben , Denysenko Dmytro , Volkmer Dirk , Wixforth Achim , Bruus Henrik , Wiklund Martin , Reboud Julien , Cooper Jonathan M , Fu YongQing , Brugger Manuel S , Rehfeldt Florian , Westerhausen Christoph
Published: July 2019

Today, surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and bulk acoustic waves are already two of the very few phononic technologies of industrial relevance and can been found in a myriad of devices employing these nanoscale earthquakes on a chip. Acoustic radio frequency filters, for instance, are integral parts of wireless devices. SAWs in particular find applications in life sciences and microfluidics for sensing and mixing of tiny amounts of liquids. In addition to this continuously growing number of applications, SAWs are ideally suited to probe and control elementary excitations in condensed matter at the limit of single quantum excitations. Even collective excitations, classical or quantum are nowadays coherently interfaced by SAWs.

This wide, highly diverse, interdisciplinary and continuously expanding spectrum literally unites advanced sensing and manipulation applications. Remarkably, SAW technology is inherently multiscale and spans from single atomic or nanoscopic units up even to the millimeter scale.

The aim of this Roadmap is to present a snapshot of the present state of surface acoustic wave science and technology in 2019 and provide an opinion on the challenges and opportunities that the future holds from a group of renown experts, covering the interdisciplinary key areas, ranging from fundamental quantum effects to practical applications of acoustic devices in life science.
Superconducting qubit circuit emulation of a vector spin-1/2
Authors: Kerman Andrew J
Published: July 2019

We propose a superconducting qubit that fully emulates a quantum spin-1/2, with an effective vector dipole moment whose three components obey the commutation relations of an angular momentum in the computational subspace. Each of these components of the dipole moment also couples approximately linearly to an independently-controllable external bias, emulating the linear Zeeman effect due to a fictitious, vector magnetic field over a broad range of effective total fields around zero. This capability, combined with established techniques for qubit coupling, should enable for the first time the direct, controllable hardware emulation of nearly arbitrary, interacting quantum spin-1/2 systems, including the canonical Heisenberg model. Furthermore, it constitutes a crucial step both towards realizing the full potential of quantum annealing, as well as exploring important quantum information processing capabilities that have so far been inaccessible to available hardware, such as quantum error suppression, Hamiltonian and holonomic quantum computing, and adiabatic quantum chemistry.
Energy harvesting using thermoelectricity for IoT (Internet of Things) and E-skin sensors
Authors: Park Hwanjoo , Lee Dongkeon , Park Gimin , Park Sungjin , Khan Salman , Kim Jiyong , Kim Woochul
Published: July 2019

With the increasing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) with integrated wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sustainable power supply and management have become important issues to be addressed. Thermal energy in forms of waste heat or metabolic heat is a promising source for reliably supplying power to electronic devices; for instance, thermoelectric power generators are widely being researched as they are able to convert thermal energy into electricity. This paper specifically looks over the application of thermoelectricity as a sustainable power source for IoT including WSNs. Also, we discuss a few thermoelectric systems capable of operating electronic skin (e-skin) sensors despite their low output power from body heat. For a more accurate analysis on body heat harvesting, models of the human thermoregulatory system have been investigated. In addition, some clever designs of heat sinks that can be integrated with thermoelectric systems have also been introduced. For their power management, the integration with a DC–DC converter is addressed to boost its low output voltage to a more usable level.
Intersections of Arab American and Asian American Literature
Authors: Fadda Carol W.N.
Published: July 2019

The interconnections between Asian American and Arab American studies are deep and long-standing, with scholars and activists in both these intersecting fields affirming their common investments in anti-racist, anti-imperial, transnational, and coalitional feminist frameworks. Various scholars have even called for Arab Americans to be included under a broader definition of Asian American identities. An intersectional study of the forms of alliances and solidarities developing among these racialized communities becomes a cornerstone for combating the effects of racism, orientalism, imperialism, and xenophobia, as well as enactments of occupation, exclusions, internment, and incarceration carried out by the projects of colonialism and empire within the United States and abroad. Even while being shaped by the specificities of geographical, historical, and political contexts, Arab American literature showcases an array of thematic foci and engagements that link it to other ethnic literary traditions, including Asian American literature. Such thematic connections extend to engagements with cultural and transnational in-betweenness, collective and individual marginalization and racialization, wars and conflicts in original home countries and their effects on US diasporic identities, transnational connections and movement across borders, food and cultural memory, language, gender roles, heritage, and religious expression, to name but a few. The literary output of Arab American and Asian American writers from the 19th century up till the early 21st century closely reflects the factors that shape Arab and Asian experiences in the United States and the conditions that shape the affective, material, legal, and political lives of immigrant and diasporic communities. The viewpoints, experiences, and perspectives presented in the works of Arab American and Asian American writers, however, are far from uniform. They are widely varied, encompassing different immigration pathways, histories, struggles, military and geopolitical conflicts, literary lineages, and artistic investments.
Anthropology, Technology, and Innovation
Authors: Squires Susan
Published: July 2019

Applied anthropology is increasing an alternative to academic anthropological contributing to innovations in a broad range of products and services including technology, office equipment and furniture, business organization, breakfast foods, automobiles, hand sanitizers, communication media, medical equipment, smartphones, and much, much more. When applied anthropologists began to work in business organizations, they first called themselves industrial anthropologists and, later, organizational anthropologists. The first industrial and organizational anthropologists were based in the academy. However, in the 1990s a growing number of anthropologists also began to be employed at private businesses, including the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), IDEO, E-Lab, GVO, and even General Motors. There they were instrumental in applying the theory and methods of anthropology to potential innovation. At these companies , many of early applied anthropologists became accidental innovators as a consequence of their role working in teams composed of differing disciplines. It was the anthropologist on the team who was responsible for contributing research-based insights that framed, directed, and/or inspired creative idea. In the process of conducting research on a problem, these anthropologists stumbled across new ways to frame issues and uncovered insights leading to novel solutions: innovation. As the value of applied anthropology has been recognized, and employment of anthropologists has expanded, specializations have emerged. No longer does the title of organizational or business anthropologist always provide an appropriate or sufficient level of description for many anthropologists although both continue to be used. New labels, such as design anthropologist, user experience researcher, and marketing and digital anthropology, have been created to distinguish among applied anthropologists working in differing sectors. Organizational anthropologists have continued to contribute to our understanding of organizational culture. Design anthropology is used primarily by anthropologists working in product and technology industries. Digital anthropologists study human interactions in virtual/digital spaces, or investigate how digital technology is impacting society. Marketing anthropologists have been in advertising and marketing for decades, and there is a substantial body of scholarly literature generated from this work. Despite the different titles these anthropologists hold, from design to marketing, the value of the theoretical and methodological contributions of anthropology are the key underpinning of their research. The innovations that have resulted from the work of these anthropologists cannot be underestimated. The theories and methods of anthropology, applied by anthropologists, provide a perspective that takes a unique in-depth systems approach that can map interconnections, challenges, and assumptions and open up wider landscapes. The true innovation anthropologists contribute to innovation is anthropology itself.
Effectiveness of a community-based self-care promoting program for community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wong Arkers Kwan Ching , Wong Frances Kam Yuet , Chang Katherine
Published: July 2019

Background

The existing health care system tends to be focused on acute diseases or patients with high levels of need and is not ideal for meeting the challenges of an ageing population. This study introduced a community-based self-care promoting program for community-dwelling older adults, and tested its effects on maintaining health.

Objectives

To determine whether the program can increase self-efficacy, quality of life (QoL), basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and medication adherence, while reducing health service utilization for community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

Researchers randomly assigned 457 older adults to receive the intervention (n = 230) or be controls (n = 227). The intervention included assessment and education of self-care and health-promoting behaviors, co-produced care planning and self-efficacy enhancing components supported by a health-social partnership. The control group received placebo social calls. The outcomes were measured at pre-intervention (T1) and three months post-intervention (T2).

Results

Analysis showed that the intervention group had a significantly higher score in self-efficacy (P = 0.049), activities of daily living (ADL) (P = 0.012), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) (P = 0.021) and the physical components of QoL (P < 0.001) at T2 than at T1. The program also significantly improved the mental component of QoL (P < 0.001) and medication adherence (P < 0.001), as well as reducing the total number of health service attendances compared to the control group (P = 0.016).

Conclusion

The program can help enhance the self-efficacy of community-dwelling older adults towards self-care, which may in turn enable them to maintain optimal well-being while remaining in the community.
Anticorruption as Transnational Law: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, PRC Law, and Party Rules in China
Authors: Erie Matthew S
Published: July 2019

Corruption has been linked to urgent transnational problems, including, inter alia, market uncertainties, the undermining of democracy, economic disparity, religious extremism, and authoritarianism. As corruption is a global problem, it requires coordination across states’ anticorruption laws. Anticorruption thus provides grounds to reassess the promise and limits of transnational law. This Article examines the operation of anticorruption as transnational law across the corporate governance regimes of the United States and China, the world’s two largest economies. As opposed to perceptions that Washington and Beijing are engaged in a zero-sum game, anticorruption is a policy concern against which both states may rally. Inter-regulatory coordination is far from a frictionless process, however. Cross-border lawyers working on both sides of the Pacific engaged in anticorruption law are a type of transnational community and highlight these tensions. Lawyers apply standards in the 1977 U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the People’s Republic of China antibribery laws, and internal Chinese Communist Party rules to ensure their clients comply with multiple regimes. Ethnographic data shows that lawyers assess different regulatory environments, in this case, one of extraterritorial jurisdiction and the other characterized by a political campaign, in the course of advising multinational companies. The Article argues that lawyers’ roles are a lynchpin of these overlapping systems of compliance as their work operates to discipline corporations in China; nonetheless, lawyers’ position in the global legal market impacts what they deem to be “corrupt” and which rules apply. A focus on cross-border lawyers as transnational communities thus marries legal analysis with a contextual grounding in lawyers’ work, an approach that has merit for the study of comparative law more generally. The Article finds that given market pressures, in the area of anticorruption, trends show a preference for “bicultural lawyers,” those who are both embedded within transnational communities and respond to demands in the global market.
Probenecid Reduces Alcohol Drinking in Rodents. Is Pannexin1 a Novel Therapeutic Target for Alcohol Use Disorder?
Authors: Tunstall Brendan J , Lorrai Irene , McConnell Sam A , Gazo Katrina L , Zallar Lia J , de Guglielmo Giordano , Hoang Ivy , Haass-Koffler Carolina L , Repunte-Canonigo Vez , Koob George F , Vendruscolo Leandro F , Sanna Pietro Paolo
Published: July 2019

Aims

The development of novel and more effective medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is an important unmet medical need. Drug repositioning or repurposing is an appealing strategy to bring new therapies to the clinic because it greatly reduces the overall costs of drug development and expedites the availability of treatments to those who need them. Probenecid, p-(di-n-propylsulfamyl)-benzoic acid, is a drug used clinically to treat hyperuricemia and gout due to its activity as an inhibitor of the kidneys’ organic anion transporter that reclaims uric acid from urine. Probenecid also inhibits pannexin1 channels that are involved in purinergic neurotransmission and inflammation, which have been implicated in alcohol’s effects and motivation for alcohol. Therefore, we tested the effects of probenecid on alcohol intake in rodents.

Methods

We tested the effects of probenecid on operant oral alcohol self-administration in alcohol-dependent rats during acute withdrawal as well as in nondependent rats and in the drinking-in-the-dark (DID) paradigm of binge-like drinking in mice.

Results

Probenecid reduced alcohol intake in both dependent and nondependent rats and in the DID paradigm in mice without affecting water or saccharin intake, indicating that probenecid’s effect was selective for alcohol and not the result of a general reduction in reward.

Conclusions

These results raise the possibility that pannexin1 is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AUD. The clinical use of probenecid has been found to be generally safe, suggesting that it can be a candidate for drug repositioning for the treatment of AUD.
Ventral scale width in snakes depends on habitat but not hunting strategy
Authors: Bury Stanisław , Borczyk Bartosz , Skawiński Tomasz
Published: July 2019

Environment and lifestyle induce substantial variation in the mechanisms of locomotion in vertebrates. A spectrum of adaptations related to locomotion is also present in limbless taxa, especially snakes, which have radiated successfully into a wide range of habitats. The majority of studies concerning habitat-driven variation in locomotor mechanisms of snakes have focused on the musculoskeletal system. Far less recognized is the variation in the morphology of ventral scales, which are another pivotal component of the locomotor system in snakes. Here, we investigated patterns of interspecific variation in the width of ventral scales in terms of lifestyle (hunting mode) and habitat occupied in 55 species of snakes belonging to eight families. We found that increasing terrestriality was associated with enlarged ventral scales. Reduction instead of maintenance of the width of ventral scales was observed in aquatic species, suggesting that wide ventral scales set constraints on aquatic locomotion. In terrestrial species, no significant differences were observed in terms of arboreality or hunting mode, which suggests overall optimization in the size of ventral scales towards terrestrial locomotion. Association between the width of ventral scales and locomotion can result in a habitat-dependent costs of abnormalities in ventral scale morphology, commonly observed in snakes.
Cerebellar Gray Matter and Olfactory Performance
Authors: Wabnegger Albert , Schienle Anne
Published: July 2019

The role of the cerebellum in the chemical senses is still poorly understood. This voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study investigated associations between gray matter volume (GMV) in subregions of the cerebellum and olfactory performance. VBM data from 48 men were analyzed. The participants were tested with a standardized olfactory test that measured olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification ability. The investigated sample covered a wide range of olfactory performance, including individuals with a reduced sense of smell (anosmia and hyposmia) and normosmia. The computed regression analyses revealed a positive association between olfactory identification performance and GMV in lobule VI. This cerebellar subregion is involved in higher-order cognitive functions (language and memory), which are necessary prerequisites for correct odor labeling. Odor detection and discrimination were unrelated to cerebellar GMV.
Pandemic Uropathogenic Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli Have Enhanced Ability to Persist in the Gut and Cause Bacteriuria in Healthy Women
Authors: Tchesnokova Veronika L , Rechkina Elena , Chan Diana , Haile Helen Ghirmai , Larson Lydia , Ferrier Kendra , Schroeder David W , Solyanik Thalia , Shibuya Spencer , Hansen Kelly , Ralston James D , Riddell Kim , Scholes Delia , Sokurenko Evgeni V
Published: July 2019

We report that fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli are found in feces of 8.8% of healthy women, with most bacteria belonging to pandemic multidrug-resistant ST131-H30R or ST1193 clonal groups. Moreover, these highly uropathogenic clonal groups demonstrate an especially prolonged gut persistence and high rate of bacteriuria without documented urinary tract infection.
The Emotional Toll of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Using Machine Learning to Analyze Online Community Forum Discourse
Authors: Lerrigo Robert , Coffey Johnny T R , Kravitz Joshua L , Jadhav Priyanka , Nikfarjam Azadeh , Shah Nigam H , Jurafsky Dan , Sinha Sidhartha R
Published: July 2019

Background

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are using online community forums (OCFs) to seek emotional support. The impact of OCFs on well-being and their emotional content are unknown.

Methods

We used an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to identify the thematic content of 51,591 public, online posts from the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Community Forum.

Results

We identified 10,702 (20.8%) posts expressing: gratitude (40%), anxiety/fear (20.8%), empathy (18.2%), anger/frustration (13.4%), hope (13.2%), happiness (10.0%), sadness/depression (5.8%), shame/guilt (2.5%), and/or loneliness (2.5%). A common subtheme was the importance of fostering social support.

Conclusions

High-throughput, machine learning-directed analysis of OCFs may help identify psychosocial impacts of inflammatory bowel disease on patients and their caregivers.