bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of flower‐visiting hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) on ground cover vegetation from the market‐gardening area of Meskine (Far‐North Region, Cameroon)
Authors: Azo'o Ela Michelson , Bissou Wangbara Bernard , Jordaens Kurt
Published: August 2021

We characterised the hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) community on ground cover vegetation in the market garden of Meskine (Far‐North region of Cameroon). Hoverflies were collected by hand‐netting from flowers of ground cover vegetation in 20 grass strips from March to June in two consecutive years (2017–2018). In total, 15 hoverfly species were collected of which eight were new to Cameroon (subfamily Eristalinae: Eristalinus megacephalus, Eristalinus tabanoides, Eristalinus aff. arvorum, Phytomia curta, Phytomia pallida, Phytomia incisa, Mesembrius caffer; subfamily Syrphinae: Asarkina sp.). The subfamily Eristalinae was most abundant (74% of the specimens collected), while species of the subfamily Syrphinae accounted for 26% of the occurrences. Four species were extremely abundant (M. caffer, E. tabanoides, E. aff. arvorum and Paragus borbonicus) accounting for 70% of all flower visit observations, while the other species were rarer. Plant species with yellow or white flowers seemed to be most attractive. Hoverfly activity was high in the morning and evening and decreased at noon, most likely due to the higher air temperature and lower humidity during this period. The characterisation of hoverfly communities and the management of wild flower strips surrounding cultivated fields could be an important practice to improve crop pollination by hoverflies.
Letter: ginger as anti‐emetic for acute gastroenteritis in children: interpreting evidence gingerly. Authors' reply
Authors: Nocerino Rita , Cecere Gaetano , Micillo Maria , De Marco Giulio , Ferri Pasqualina , Russo Mariateresa , Bedogni Giorgio , Berni Canani Roberto
Published: August 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Nocerino et al and Philips & Abraham papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16404 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16474
Effects of exercise training with Lactobacillus plantarum intake on ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐1β in cuprizone‐induced demyelination mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sajedi Donya , Shabani Ramin , Elmieh Alireza
Published: August 2021

Objective

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disorder characterized by inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. It has been suggested that exercise and intake of probiotics might influence MS pathology and, thereby, slow down the disease process in MS patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training with Lactobacillus plantarum intake on ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β in cuprizone‐induced demyelination mouse model of MS.

Methods

Mice were exposed to cuprizone for 13 weeks. In the fifth week, motor and balance tests were carried out on them. The mice (n = 5 per group) were randomly divided into five groups: control (C), MS, MS with exercise (MS + Exe), MS with probiotics (MS + Pro) and MS with probiotics and exercise (MS + Pro + Exe). The exercise groups carried out aerobic exercises 5 days a week for 2 months. The mice received probiotic by gavage. One day after the interventions finished, the mice were killed. Biochemical and molecular biology analyses were carried out.

Results

Ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression values in the MS + Pro + Exe, MS + Pro, and MS + Exe groups showed a significant decrease compared with the MS group (P < .05). Also, glial fibrillary acidic protein gene expression in the intervention groups showed an insignificant decrease (P > .05). The IL‐6 and IL‐1β values in the MS + Exe and MS + Pro + Exe groups showed a significant decrease compared with the MS group (P < .05).

Conclusions

Exercise with the intake of probiotics improved demyelination in the cuprizone‐induced demyelination mouse model of MS.
Contact experiences and needs of children of prisoners before and during COVID‐19: Findings from an Australian survey
Authors: Flynn Catherine , Bartels Lorana , Dennison Susan , Taylor Helen , Harrigan Susy
Published: August 2021

Most of the research examining children visiting a parent in prison indicates that visits have a positive impact on children's well‐being, their connection to the imprisoned parent and the parent themselves. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic brought about a significant change to prison visits worldwide, with limits or bans on face‐to‐face contact. Understanding the experiences and needs of children during this period remains limited. This paper presents the findings of a survey of 84 carers of 184 children across Australia, investigating children's experiences of contact with their imprisoned parent both before and during COVID‐19 restrictions. Although most carers reported maintaining contact during restrictions, a range of difficulties were noted: reduced availability; the effect of prison‐based issues, including lockdowns; and the suitability of video/telephone visits for young children. Some described the benefits of videoconferencing, including reduced travel time and cost, and not needing to take children into a prison environment. Despite this, respondents typically described the negative impact of restrictions, and lack of physical contact, on children's emotional well‐being. Our findings suggest that, for video visiting to be successful, it should be complementary to in‐person visits, tailored to the needs of children, with support offered to families.
SimJEB: Simulated Jet Engine Bracket Dataset
Authors: Whalen E. , Beyene A. , Mueller C.
Published: August 2021

This paper introduces the Simulated Jet Engine Bracket Dataset (SimJEB) [WBM21]: a new, public collection of crowdsourced mechanical brackets and accompanying structural simulations. SimJEB is applicable to a wide range of geometry processing tasks; the complexity of the shapes in SimJEB offer a challenge to automated geometry cleaning and meshing, while categorical labels and structural simulations facilitate classification and regression (i.e. engineering surrogate modeling). In contrast to existing shape collections, SimJEB's models are all designed for the same engineering function and thus have consistent structural loads and support conditions. On the other hand, SimJEB models are more complex, diverse, and realistic than the synthetically generated datasets commonly used in parametric surrogate model evaluation. The designs in SimJEB were derived from submissions to the GrabCAD Jet Engine Bracket Challenge: an open engineering design competition with over 700 hand‐designed CAD entries from 320 designers representing 56 countries. Each model has been cleaned, categorized, meshed, and simulated with finite element analysis according to the original competition specifications. The result is a collection of 381 diverse, high‐quality and application‐focused designs for advancing geometric deep learning, engineering surrogate modeling, automated cleaning and related geometry processing tasks.
Stable and efficient differential estimators on oriented point clouds
Authors: Lejemble T. , Coeurjolly D. , Barthe L. , Mellado N.
Published: August 2021

Point clouds are now ubiquitous in computer graphics and computer vision. Differential properties of the point‐sampled surface, such as principal curvatures, are important to estimate in order to locally characterize the scanned shape. To approximate the surface from unstructured points equipped with normal vectors, we rely on the Algebraic Point Set Surfaces (APSS) [GG07] for which we provide convergence and stability proofs for the mean curvature estimator. Using an integral invariant viewpoint, this first contribution links the algebraic sphere regression involved in the APSS algorithm to several surface derivatives of different orders. As a second contribution, we propose an analytic method to compute the shape operator and its principal curvatures from the fitted algebraic sphere. We compare our method to the state‐of‐the‐art with several convergence and robustness tests performed on a synthetic sampled surface. Experiments show that our curvature estimations are more accurate and stable while being faster to compute compared to previous methods. Our differential estimators are easy to implement with little memory footprint and only require a unique range neighbors query per estimation. Its highly parallelizable nature makes it appropriate for processing large acquired data, as we show in several real‐world experiments.
Practical Computation of the Cut Locus on Discrete Surfaces
Authors: Mancinelli C. , Livesu M. , Puppo E.
Published: August 2021

We present a novel method to compute the cut locus of a distance function encoded on a polygonal mesh. Our method exploits theoretical findings about the cut locus and – with a combination of analytic, geometric and topological tools – it is able to compute a topologically correct and geometrically accurate approximation of it. Our result can be either restricted to the mesh edges, or aligned with the real cut locus. Both outputs may be useful for practical applications. We also provide a convenient tool to optionally prune the weak branches of the cut locus, simplifying its structure. Our approach supersedes prior art, in that it is easier to use and also orders of magnitude faster. In fact, it depends on just one parameter, and it flawlessly operates on meshes with high genus and very high element count at interactive rates. We experiment with different datasets and methods for geodesic distance estimation. We also present applications to local and global surface parameterization.
Prognostic and predictive role of a metabolic rate‐limiting enzyme signature in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhangding , Fu Yao , Xia Anliang , Chen Chen , Qu Jiamu , Xu Guifang , Zou Xiaoping , Wang Qiang , Wang Shouyu
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Abnormal expression of metabolic rate‐limiting enzymes drives the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to elucidate the comprehensive model of metabolic rate‐limiting enzymes associated with the prognosis of HCC.

Materials and Methods

HCC animal model and TCGA project were used to screen out differentially expressed metabolic rate‐limiting enzyme. Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) and experimentally verification were performed to identify metabolic rate‐limiting enzyme signature. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and prognostic nomogram were used to assess the efficacy of the signature in the three HCC cohorts (TCGA training cohort, internal cohort and an independent validation cohort).

Results

A classifier based on three rate‐limiting enzymes (RRM1, UCK2 and G6PD) was conducted and serves as independent prognostic factor. This effect was further confirmed in an independent cohort, which indicated that the AUC at year 5 was 0.715 (95% CI: 0.653‐0.777) for clinical risk score, whereas it was significantly increased to 0.852 (95% CI: 0.798‐0.906) when combination of the clinical with signature risk score. Moreover, a comprehensive nomogram including the signature and clinicopathological aspects resulted in significantly predict the individual outcomes.

Conclusions

Our results highlighted the prognostic value of rate‐limiting enzymes in HCC, which may be useful for accurate risk assessment in guiding clinical management and treatment decisions.
Therapeutic ultrasound as a treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review
Authors: da Silva Gustavo Silveira , dos Santos Isoppo Karoliny
Published: August 2021

Objective

To investigate the effects of therapeutic ultrasound in symptoms of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Data source and study selection

Searches were carried out in the MEDLINE (via OVID), SCOPUS, PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases. The study selection is as follows: Pre‐experimental and experimental studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese that evaluated the effects of ultrasound on the signs and symptoms of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were included. After study selection, data extraction, risk of bias and quality assessment, we performed a qualitative description of current data.

Results

Nine studies were selected, providing 309 participants (20 to 47 volunteers in each study), with an average age of 44.5 years. Three studies had assumed pretest–posttest design, four studies were single‐blinded randomized controlled trial and the two studies were double‐blinded randomized controlled trial. The modalities of ultrasound investigated were pulsed and continuous, and the studies evaluated the ultrasound effects immediately after one session or after a few sessions of treatment (6, 10 or 15 sessions). The use of ultrasound, in both continuous and pulsed modalities, demonstrated to reduce characteristic signs and symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Despite these results, only two studies had a low risk of bias. A meta‐analysis was not possible due to the huge heterogeneity of included studies.

Conclusions

Despite ultrasound in continuous and pulsed modalities showing similar positive effects in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, the studies are small, short duration, poor design and with a high risk of bias. Thereby, ultrasound cannot be appointed as a potential adjunct resource to current methods of treating chronic rhinosinusitis until large randomised controlled studies are performed.
A randomized, multicenter trial assessing the effects of rapastinel compared to ketamine, alprazolam, and placebo on simulated driving performance
Authors: Su Shengfang , Kay Gary , Hochadel Thomas , Rojo Jonathan , Christopher Stein J. , Boinpally Ramesh , Periclou Antonia
Published: August 2021

N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate ionotropic glutamatergic receptor (NMDAR) modulators, including rapastinel and ketamine, elicit rapid and sustained antidepressant responses in patients with treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder. This phase I, randomized, multicenter, placebo‐controlled, five‐period, crossover, single‐dose study evaluated simulated driving performance of healthy participants (N = 107) after single doses of rapastinel slow intravenous (i.v.) bolus 900 and 1800 mg, alprazolam oral 0.75 mg (positive control), ketamine i.v. infusion 0.5 mg/kg (clinical comparator), and placebo ~ 45 min before driving. The primary end point was SD of lateral position (SDLP) during the 60‐min 100‐km simulated driving scenario. Additional measures of driving performance, sleepiness, and cognition were also evaluated. To assess effects over time, mean SDLP was calculated for each 10‐min interval of driving. Sensitivity of the assays was confirmed with alprazolam (all placebo comparisons p < 0.02). Rapastinel 900 and 1800 mg did not significantly affect simulated driving performance compared to placebo (both p > 0.5). Both rapastinel doses resulted in significantly less impaired driving compared to alprazolam or ketamine (all p < 0.002); ketamine significantly impaired driving compared to placebo (p = 0.0001). Results for the additional measures were similar to the primary end point. No new safety signals were observed for any study interventions. This first study of rapastinel effects on simulated driving found that rapastinel 900 and 1800 mg did not impair driving performance, but ketamine 0.5 mg/kg resulted in significantly impaired driving performance. Ketamine’s effects on driving were maintained for at least 105 min, indicating that clinicians should be vigilant to prevent or postpone driving in patients after ketamine treatment.
US antidumping investigations and employment adjustment in Chinese manufacturing firms
Authors: Li Tan , Xiao Wei
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the effects of antidumping (AD) investigations on the employment of firms in investigated countries. We utilized firm‐level data from China and data on the AD investigations launched against China by the United States. To measure the intensity of the AD investigations, an AD index was constructed at the industry level, which is the sum of the number of AD investigations in previous years weighted by the inverse of the year distance. We found that firms in the investigated sectors responded to AD investigations by decreasing their numbers of employees, in particular their permanent and skilled employees. Within the investigated sectors, domestic firms were found to be even more active than exporting firms in adjusting their employment practices. Moreover, exporting firms were also found to be likely to increase their investment in research and development (R&D) after AD investigations while domestic firms were found to be more likely to decrease their R&D expenditure.
Curricular peer mentoring in first‐semester German: Novice learners' perceptions of a “Language Learning Assistant” program
Authors: Gonglewski Margaret , Baker Lottie
Published: August 2021

Curricular peer mentoring is a type of peer‐assisted learning that integrates advanced students of a subject directly into beginner‐level courses to facilitate engagement and learning. This study investigates how one curricular peer mentoring program, originally developed to foster active learning in large introductory science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses, impacted students' experience in the second language (L2) classroom. First‐semester German learners' perception of their experience with “Language Learning Assistants” (LAs) was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative survey data. Results indicated students' positive response to working with Language LAs. Four overarching themes emerged regarding students' views of the LAs' role and value: LAs as relatable peers, helpers to busy professors, language resources, and cultural ambassadors. Further analysis identified students' perception of LAs' “modeling” function as serving two distinct but overlapping purposes: (1) modeling with an immediate impact on in‐class learning (“near‐term modeling”), and (2) modeling that inspires goal‐setting beyond the classroom (“long‐term modeling”).
UK survey demonstrates a wide range of impacts attributable to clinical librarian services
Authors: Divall Pip , James Cathryn , Heaton Michael , Brettle Alison
Published: August 2021

Objective

To understand the impact of the UK Clinical Librarian (CL) workforce and benchmark the results against a study undertaken in the North West region of the English National Health Service (NHS).

Methods

An online survey was distributed by CLs to their service users regarding literature searches that had been carried out on their behalf in the 6 months from April to October 2017. Interviews were later carried out in person with selected respondents to the questionnaires.

Results

CLs across the UK contribute to a wide range of outcomes, with 41% of search requests contributing to the choice of intervention, and 41% also to the advice offered by the clinician requester to a patient or their carer. These results are in line with the previous work undertaken in the North West.

Discussion

CLs provide diverse services to clinical teams. They support the continuing professional development and personal research needs of team members, service development needs of organisations, and the information provided contributes to improved quality and safety of patient care.

Conclusion

The survey confirms the findings of the earlier NW study. It demonstrates the impact of services based around literature searching on patient care.
High interobserver variability and frequent overdiagnosis of dysplasia in fundic gland polyps can be improved by detecting atypia on the surface epithelium and an abrupt transition to non‐neoplastic cells
Authors: Orr Christine E , Beneck Debra , Jessurun Jose , Qin Lihui , Tyryshkin Kathrin , Yantiss Rhonda K , Chen Yao‐Tseng
Published: August 2021

Aims

Fundic gland polyps (FGPs) arise sporadically and in combination with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Criteria for distinguishing low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) from regenerative atypia in FGPs are not well established. The aims of study were to determine: (i) interobserver variability in diagnosing LGD in FGPs; (ii) bias in diagnosing LGD in FAP patients; and (iii) stringent criteria for LGD in FGPs.

Methods and results

Five senior pathologists who were blinded to the clinical history reviewed 72 FAP‐associated FGPs and 34 sporadic FGPs. Cases were classified as negative (score = 0) or positive (score = 1) for LGD. Each case was assigned a ‘combined dysplasia score’ (CDS) ranging from 0 to 5 to reflect all five opinions. Fleiss’ kappa showed only moderate interobserver agreement (κ = 0.46). Forty‐one FGPs were classified as negative for dysplasia by consensus (CDS = 0–1), including 10 (24%) originally diagnosed as LGD. In contrast, all 37 cases classified as LGD by consensus (CDS = 4–5) were originally diagnosed as LGD, indicating that overdiagnosis of dysplasia is more common than underdiagnosis (P = 0.0012). Cytological atypia in the surface epithelium and an abrupt transition between atypical and normal‐appearing epithelium were the most sensitive (97% and 100%, respectively) and specific (100% and 98%, respectively) features of dysplasia (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). Very good agreement was achieved when a diagnosis of dysplasia was based on the presence of both features (κ = 0.85).

Conclusions

There is high interobserver variability and a tendency to overdiagnose LGD in FGPs. Strict criteria requiring both surface atypia and abrupt transition for LGD in FGPs result in low interobserver variability.
Reintroduced malaria in Queensland, Australia during the Second World War
Authors: Shanks George Dennis
Published: August 2021

A malaria epidemic arose in 1942 in Cairns, which was the evacuation point from the Japanese offensive in New Guinea. Health authorities made great efforts to suppress parasites in transiting soldiers and to position them south of 19°S latitude away from most vectors. Queensland experienced some scattered locally transmitted epidemics in 1943–1944 but by 1945 malaria transmission had largely been eliminated.
Negative media portrayal of palliative care: a content analysis of print media prior to the passage of Voluntary Assisted Dying legislation in Victoria
Authors: Kis‐Rigo Andrew , Collins Anna , Panozzo Stacey , Philip Jennifer
Published: August 2021

Key misunderstandings of palliative care exist in the community, with media being reported as a key source underpinning knowledge. This retrospective media analysis of consecutive articles sought to examine the portrayal of palliative care in the Australian print media, focussing on the 2 years (2016–2018) coverage preceding the Voluntary Assisted Dying legislation in Victoria, Australia. Summative content analyses revealed coverage of palliative care was frequently (74%) in the context of a discussion of euthanasia. Only small numbers of articles described the activities of palliative care, and even fewer its potential beneficial impact, while a quarter (26%) described palliative care was inadequate to relieve suffering. These findings suggest that current coverage of palliative care in the media may contribute to negative public views and misconceptions. An opportunity exists to enhance media coverage, and in turn, improve the public understanding of care in serious illness.
14C‐Partitioning and biomass allocation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under different moisture levels during pod filling
Authors: Morales‐Elias Norma Cecilia , Martínez‐Barajas Eleazar , Bernal‐Gracida Lilia A. , García‐Esteva Antonio , Peña‐Valdivia Cecilia B. , Padilla‐Chacón Daniel
Published: August 2021

Plants modify their carbon allocation as a response to low water availability. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using a 14CO2 pulse‐chase analysis, the effect of moisture restriction on biomass production in common bean plants var. OTI. The plants were maintained with irrigation until the beginning of pods filling; then, three groups were formed, kept at 100%, 75% or 50% field capacity (FC). After 10 days, 14CO2 gas was supplied to the plants for 4 hr. The plants were harvested at 1, 3 and 7 days after applying the label. Ripe fruits imported more than 50% of the total 14C. Particularly, the label presented greater changes in pericarps of stage III of pod development. The fructose concentration doubled that of the glucose and decreased with the pod age; sucrose concentration increased in pericarps in stages III and IV of pod development in relation to those in stage II. The sucrose decrease only in stage II pericarps on day 7, as well as the starch concentration that decreased by half in the 50% FC condition. The latter coincided with the highest amylolytic activity as evaluated in native gels. These findings open new opportunities to research the carbon allocation mechanism under moisture restriction.
Implementation of an intersectoral outreach and community nursing care intervention with refugees in Quebec: A protocol study
Authors: Maillet Lara , Champagne Geneviève , Déry Johanne , Goudet Anna , Charest Stéphanie , Abou‐Malham Sabina , Desjardins France , Touati Nassera , Duhoux Arnaud , Jouego Fotso Aurelle Carole , Doré Chantal , Roy Bernard , Gagnon Suzanne , Lane Julie
Published: August 2021

Aim

To establish and assess an intersectoral local network focused on the roles of registered nurses and primary healthcare nurse practitioners to ensure the continuity of care and service pathways for refugees in Quebec.

Design

Developmental evaluation with a mixed methodology.

Methods

The qualitative component will include: (1) a document review; (2) observations of participants during meetings of different governance structures; (3) semi‐structured interviews with key actors (n = 40; 20/neighbourhood interventions); and (4) focus groups with end users of the services (refugees) (n = 4; 6 to 8 participants per group). The quantitative component will be based on: (1) a data sheet on health and social interventions for refugees users filled in by registered nurses, primary healthcare nurse practitioners and physicians and (2) data analysis of the clinical‐administrative database since 2012. This study received funding in June 2019 and Research Ethics Committee approval was granted in July 2020.

Discussion

In Quebec, refugee vulnerability is exacerbated by the lack of integration of existing resources and the lack of access to care and continuity of services. To address these issues, an integrated local network for refugees must be developed. Additionally, we will explore the role of registered nurses and their collaboration with primary healthcare nurse practitioners.

Impact

This study will provide recommendations on how to optimize the scopes of practice of registered nurses and primary healthcare nurse practitioners, adapt care and services and develop a local intersectoral network to better meet the complex needs of refugees. It will evaluate the use and the appreciation of new services for targeted populations (neighbourhoods and refugees) and aim to improve the accessibility, continuity and user experience of all health services for those populations.
Position statement on classification of basal cell carcinomas. Part 2: EADO proposal for new operational staging system adapted to basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Grob J.J. , Gaudy‐Marqueste C. , Guminski A. , Malvehy J. , Basset‐seguin N. , Bertrand B. , Fernandez‐Penas P. , Kaufmann R. , Zalaudek I. , Fargnoli M.C. , Tagliaferri L. , Fertil B. , Del Marmol V. , Stratigos A. , Garbe C. , Peris K.
Published: August 2021

Background

No simple staging system has emerged for basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), since they do not follow the TNM process, and practitioners failed to agree on simple clinical or pathological criteria as a basis for a classification. Operational classification of BCCs is required for decision‐making, trials and guidelines. Unsupervised clustering of real cases of difficult‐to‐treat BCCs (DTT‐BCCs; part 1) has demonstrated that experts could blindly agree on a five groups classification of DTT‐BCCs based on five patterns of clinical situations.

Objective

Using this five patterns to generate an operational and comprehensive classification of BCCs.

Method

Testing practitioner's agreement, when using the five patterns classification to ensure that it is robust enough to be used in the practice. Generating the first version of a staging system of BCCs based on pattern recognition.

Results

Sixty‐two physicians, including 48 practitioners and the 14 experts who participated in the generation of the five different patterns of DTT‐BCCs, agreed on 90% of cases when classifying 199 DTT‐BCCs cases using the five patterns classification (part 1) attesting that this classification is understandable and usable in practice. In order to cover the whole field of BCCs, these five groups of DTT‐BCCs were added a group representing the huge number of easy‐to‐treat BCCs, for which sub‐classification has little interest, and a group of very rare metastatic cases, resulting in a four‐stage and seven‐substage staging system of BCCs.

Conclusion

A practical classification adapted to the specificities of BCCs is proposed. It is the first tumour classification based on pattern recognition of clinical situations, which proves to be consistent and usable. This EADO staging system version 1 will be improved step by step and tested as a decision tool and a prognostic instrument.
Effect of repeated heating and cooling cycles on the degree of conversion and microhardness of four resin composites
Authors: Gebril Mohamed , Grüll Marc P. , Brillant Martha Smith , Sullivan Braden , Price Richard B.
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study evaluated the effect of repeatedly heating and cooling four resin‐based composites (RBCs) for up to six cycles.

Materials and Methods

Four commercial RBCs were heated to 68°C and cooled to room temperature for up to six cycles before photocuring at 30°C. Specimens spent a total of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 min, or 7 days at 68°C. The degree of conversion (DC) was measured at the bottom of the specimens immediately after photocuring. The Vickers microhardness was measured at the top and bottom of the RBC surfaces 24 h after photocuring. The data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance, Dunnett's or Bonferroni post‐hoc tests, and Spearman correlation analysis (α = 0.05).

Results

For two brands of RBC, the DC decreased at various time points; however, these decreases were small, and there was no correlation (negative or positive) between the number of heating cycles and the DC for any of the RBCs. Repeated heated and cooling resulted in small changes in the hardness (compared to the control) in both directions (Dunnett; p < 0.05). Two of the RBCs showed a significant, positive correlation between the number of heating cycles and their hardness at the bottom surface.

Conclusion

Repeated heating, cooling, and then reheating the RBCs for up to 1 week had little overall effect on their DC and microhardness values. The 2 mm thick specimens of all four RBCs achieved a bottom: top hardness ratio exceeding 0.8 after a 20 s exposure to light from a commercial LED curing light

Clinical Significance

Six repeated dry heating and cooling cycles of up to 1 week in duration had little effect on the DC and the microhardness of four commercial resin‐based composites.
Ultrastructural insights into the replication cycle of salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) using salmon cardiac primary cultures (SCPCs)
Authors: Noguera Patricia , Klinger Matthias , Örün Histro , Grunow Bianka , del‐Pozo Jorge
Published: August 2021

Salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) has been affecting the salmon farming industry for over 30 years, but despite the substantial amount of studies, there are still a number of recognized knowledge gaps, for example in the transmission of the virus. In this work, an ultrastructural morphological approach was used to describe observations after infection by SPDV of an ex vivo cardiac model generated from Atlantic salmon embryos. The observations in this study and those available on previous ultrastructural work on SPDV are compared and contrasted with the current knowledge on terrestrial mammalian and insect alphaviral replication cycles, which is deeper than that of SPDV both morphologically and mechanistically. Despite their limitations, morphological descriptions remain an excellent way to generate novel hypotheses, and this has been the aim of this work. This study has used a target host, ex vivo model and resulted in some previously undescribed features, including filopodial membrane projections, cytoplasmic stress granules or putative intracytoplasmic budding. The latter suggests a new hypothesis that warrants further mechanistic research: SPDV in salmon may have retained the capacity for non‐cytolytic (persistent) infections by intracellular budding, similar to that noted in arthropod vectors of other alphaviruses. In the notable absence of a known intermediate host for SPDV, the presence of this pattern suggests that both cytopathic and persistent infections may coexist in the same host. It is our hope that the ultrastructural comparison presented here stimulates new research that brings the knowledge on SPDV replication cycle up to a similar level to that of terrestrial alphaviruses.
Elevated levels of circulating mitochondrial DNA predict early allograft dysfunction in patients following liver transplantation
Authors: Yoshino Osamu , Wong Boris Ka Leong , Cox Daniel R A , Lee Eunice , Hepworth Graham , Christophi Christopher , Jones Robert , Dobrovic Alexander , Muralidharan Vijayaragavan , Perini Marcos V
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim

The role of circulating mitochondrial DNA (cmtDNA) in transplantation remains to be elucidated. cmtDNA may be released into the circulation as a consequence of liver injury; yet recent work also suggests a causative role for cmtDNA leading to hepatocellular injury. We hypothesized that elevated cmtDNA would be associated with adverse events after liver transplantation (LT) and conducted an observational cohort study.

Methods

Twenty‐one patients were enrolled prospectively prior to LT.

Results

Postoperative complications were observed in 47.6% (n = 10). Seven patients (33.3%) had early allograft dysfunction (EAD), and six patients (28.5%) experienced acute cellular rejection within 6 months of LT. cmtDNA levels were significantly elevated in all recipients after LT compared with healthy controls and preoperative samples (1 361 937 copies/mL [IQR 586 781–3 399 687] after LT; 545 531 copies/mL [IQR 238 562–1 381 015] before LT; and 194 562 copies/mL [IQR 182 359–231 515] in healthy controls) and returned to normal levels by 5 days after transplantation. cmtDNA levels were particularly elevated in those who developed EAD in the early postoperative period (P < 0.001). In all patients, there was initially a strong overall positive correlation between cmtDNA and plasma hepatocellular enzyme levels (P < 0.05). However, the patients with EAD demonstrated a second peak in cmtDNA at postoperative day 7, which did not correlate with liver function tests.

Conclusions

The early release of plasma cmtDNA is strongly associated with hepatocellular damage; however, the late surge in cmtDNA in patients with EAD appeared to be independent of hepatocellular injury as measured by conventional tests.
Accounting for colonial complicities throughRefusalsin researching agency across borders
Authors: Coultas Clare
Published: August 2021

Eve Tuck and K. Wayne Yang develop the concept of “refusal” as an essential methodology for decolonizing social sciences, that I suggest provides an opening for white scholars to contribute to decolonizing projects. In this article, I reflect on my attempts at engaging with my colonial complicities, as a white European woman doing research on comprehensive sexuality education and young people's agency in Tanzania. I present this discussion as a series of refusals interspersed throughout more conceptual discussions on how feminist and social psychological theorizing, and post‐/de‐colonial problematizations of it, have advanced my understanding of agency, and shaped my approach and research design. In drawing these literatures together, along with my own practical efforts at applying them, I attempt to mark out, but also problematize, potentials for white people's anti‐colonial praxis in working across borders. I conclude with some broad thoughts on the particularities of refusals connected to whiteness and the neoliberal university.
Hyphodermella zixishanensis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a new species with reddish hymenial surface
Authors: Wang Hui , Gu Zi‐Rui , Zhao Chang‐Lin
Published: August 2021

A new corticioid fungal species, Hyphodermella zixishanensis, is described based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with reddish hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, IKI–, CB– and ellipsoid, colorless, thin‐walled, smooth basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and nLSU gene regions were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the species belongs to Hyphodermella and is placed as sister to H. aurantiaca.
New paradigms in cell adaptation: decades of discoveries on the CrRLK1L receptor kinase signalling network
Authors: Zhu Sirui , Fu Qiong , Xu Fan , Zheng Heping , Yu Feng
Published: August 2021

Receptor‐like kinases (RLKs), which constitute the largest receptor family in plants, are essential for perceiving and relaying information about various environmental stimuli. Tremendous progress has been made in the past few decades towards elucidating the mechanisms of action of several RLKs, with emerging paradigms pointing to their roles in cell adaptations. Among these paradigms, Catharanthus roseus receptor‐like kinase 1‐like (CrRLK1L) proteins and their rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptide ligands have attracted much interest. In particular, FERONIA (FER) is a CrRLK1L protein that participates in a wide array of physiological processes associated with RALF signalling, including cell growth and monitoring cell wall integrity, RNA and energy metabolism, and phytohormone and stress responses. Here, we analyse FER in the context of CrRLK1L members and their ligands in multiple species. The FER working model raises many questions about the role of CrRLK1L signalling networks during cell adaptation. For example, how do CrRLK1Ls recognize various RALF peptides from different organisms to initiate specific phosphorylation signal cascades? How do RALF‐FER complexes achieve their specific, sometimes opposite, functions in different cell types? Here, we summarize recent major findings and highlight future perspectives in the field of CrRLK1L signalling networks.
Reframing nothingness in the kunju adaptation of Eugène Ionesco’s The Chairs
Authors: Feng Wei
Published: August 2021

Practitioners of xiqu (traditional Chinese theater) have long appropriated Western plays and theatrical ideas to modernize Chinese tradition for new theatricalities. Primarily, plays driven by plot and characterization have been selected to highlight themes germane to Enlightenment modernity. Yet recently, there have been a few intercultural attempts to adapt the so‐called Absurdist drama with xiqu, in a deliberate deviation from metanarratives that have characterized modern Chinese theater for nearly a century, to reflect better the existential conditions of contemporary individuals. By investigating the actors’ reframing of nothingness in Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe’s adaptation of Eugène Ionesco’s The Chairs, this article argues that Ionesco’s original absence‐presence dynamic has been displaced and transformed in the Chinese context; his concern with frightening nothingness is replaced by kunju’s philosophical reflection on emptiness, which aims at a positive negativity. This adaptation also suggests a new path for Western modernist plays to communicate with classical Chinese culture.
Becoming part of an upwards spiral: Meanings of being person‐centred in nursing homes
Authors: Lood Qarin , Kirkevold Marit , Edvardsson David
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Previous research suggests that person‐centred care is positive for people living in nursing homes, but less is known on what motivates people working in nursing homes to be person‐centred. Previous research has focused on person‐centred care in relation to people in need of care, which may lead to a risk of viewing person‐centred care as a means to achieve quality of care, and not as a means in itself. Therefore, this study aimed to illuminate meanings of being person‐centred as narrated by people working in nursing homes.

Methods

A total of 23 persons working in a nursing home in rural Australia participated in group and individual interviews, conducted and interpreted in respect to a phenomenological hermeneutic approach.

Results

The thematic structure as emerging from structural analyses of the text indicated that being person‐centred involved a joint effort to think differently on what you do and why you do it interpreted as; Doing what you know and feel is the right thing to do, Being a person with and for another person, and Striving to do and be better together. The comprehensive understanding of these findings was that being person‐centred means becoming part of an upwards spiral of doing person‐centred actions and being person‐centred to become even more person‐centred and to feel a sense of belonging to a person‐centred culture.

Conclusions

Denoting the importance of being more of a person in one's professional role, this study highlights health aspects of being person‐centred from the perspective of people working in nursing homes, and complements previous research that describes the impact of person‐centred care on people in need of care. The findings could be applied to facilitate person‐centred care in nursing home contexts, and to develop prevention strategies to diminish negative impacts on person‐centred doing, being, becoming and belonging.
Femoroacetabular Impingement and Labral Tear: From the Most Highly Cited Articles to Research Interests
Authors: Tang Ning , Zhang Wenchao , Su Yang , Han Zhencan , Deng Lingwen , Li Yusheng , Huang Tianlong , Li Chunbao
Published: August 2021

Objective

To highlight the characteristics of the most highly cited articles and propose the research interests over the past decades in the field of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and labral tear.

Methods

The ISI Web of Science database (Clarivate Analytics, New York, the United States) was utilized for the identification of articles on 15 December 2020. FAI and labral tear‐related articles (1138 articles) were retrieved, of which the 100 most‐cited articles (top 100) were identified. Subsequent analysis included citation density (citations/article age), authorship, institution, journal, geographic distribution, level of evidence, and theme.

Results

The number of citations per article ranged from 66 to 1189 with a mean of 163.31. The majority of articles were published in the United States (all articles/top 100 = 655/57) and Switzerland (85/22). University of Bern (n = 10) was the most prolific institution. The journal with the most of articles was Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery. The most prolific coauthor (all articles) or first authors (top 100) was Domb (n = 109) and Philippon (n = 6), respectively. The evidence with the most articles is level IV (n = 41). The top three most popular topics of research article were outcomes of surgery (n = 23), imaging diagnosis (n = 18), and comparison of surgery (n = 8). The top four most prevalent themes of review were labral tears (n = 3), FAI (n = 3), comparison of surgery imaging diagnosis, and outcomes of surgery (both n = 2). Six keywords with the newest average publication year, including FAI syndrome (average publication year = 2019.50), patient‐reported outcomes (2019.43), femoroplasty (2018.60), clinical outcomes (2018.17), borderline dysplasia (2018.00), and capsule (2018.00). Five keywords with the highest average citations, including outcome (average citations = 88.50), alpha angle (58.00), complications (55.86), revision hip arthroscopy (49.00), and systematic review (46.14).

Conclusions

Outcomes research is the most popular research interest and patient‐reported outcome instruments might be further and widely used in the emerging articles in the near future. The field of FAI and labral tear has shown an obvious trend of development and is steadily evolving. It could be predicted that there will be an increasing number of publications in the following years, with the United States and Switzerland maintaining leadership in this field.
Plastic response to early shade avoidance cues has season‐long effect on Beta vulgaris growth and development
Authors: Adjesiwor Albert T. , Ballenger Joseph G. , Weinig Cynthia , Ewers Brent E. , Kniss Andrew R.
Published: August 2021

Early‐emerging weeds are known to negatively affect crop growth but the mechanisms by which weeds reduce crop yield are not fully understood. In a 4‐year study, we evaluated the effect of duration of weed‐reflected light on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) growth and development. The study included an early‐season weed removal series and a late‐season weed addition series of treatments arranged in a randomized complete block, and the study design minimized direct resource competition. If weeds were present from emergence until the two true‐leaf sugar beet stage, sugar beet leaf area was reduced 22%, leaf biomass reduced 25%, and root biomass reduced 32% compared to sugar beet grown season‐long without surrounding weeds. Leaf area, leaf biomass, and root biomass was similar whether weeds were removed at the two true‐leaf stage (approximately 330 GDD after planting) or allowed to remain until sugar beet harvest (approximately 1,240 GDD after planting). Adding weeds at the two true‐leaf stage and leaving them until harvest (~1,240 GDD) reduced sugar beet leaf and root biomass by 18% and 23%, respectively. This work suggests sugar beet responds early and near‐irreversibly to weed presence and has implications for crop management genetic improvement.
The Quest for Uncontested Power: Presidents' Personalities and Democratic Erosion in Latin America, 1945–2012
Authors: Arana Araya Ignacio
Published: August 2021

There is a growing scholarly consensus that overreaching heads of government are subverting democracies across the globe. However, the characteristics of these leaders remain unclear. This article examines a type of overreaching presidential behavior that has been commonplace in Latin America: between 1945 and 2012, 25 presidents from 14 countries tried to change their respective constitutions to increase their powers. Building on personality research and semistructured interviews conducted with former presidents, this article proposes that risk taking and assertive leaders are more likely to try to increase their powers. Using a novel database, I conduct discrete‐time‐duration models to test the hypotheses on the presidents that governed from 1945 to 2012. The results demonstrate that the personalities of presidents are a strong force behind their attempts to consolidate their authority. These findings challenge current approaches in presidential studies and have implications for the study of all types of political elites.