bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Misuse of prescribed psychotropic medication and drug crime offending: A follow‐up case‐control study of former adolescent psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Kontu Mikaela , Kantojärvi Liisa , Hakko Helinä , Riala Kaisa , Riipinen Pirkko
Published: June 2022

Background

Various psychotropic prescription drugs are known to have potential for misuse. Among teenagers, non‐medical use of prescription drugs may predate illicit drug use or occur concomitantly.

Aims

Our aim was to examine prescriptions of psychotropic medications among drug crime offenders and non‐criminal controls in a psychiatric inpatient cohort of 13–17‐year‐olds. Our research question was: were prescribed psychotropic and potentially addictive drugs associated with later drug crime offending.

Methods

Our sample was of all 60 adolescents who had been convicted of a drug crime by young adulthood with a twice‐sized control group, matched for gender, age and family‐type, from a cohort of 508 adolescents consecutively admitted to a psychiatric inpatient care in Finland between April 2001 and March 2006. Adolescence‐related information on substance use and psychiatric disorders was obtained by semi‐structured interviews. Follow‐up information on crimes and medication purchases was obtained from Finnish nationwide registers. The association of studied factors to drug crime offending was examined using stepwise binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

75% of drug crime offenders and 47% of non‐criminal controls had used addictive psychotropic medications during the follow‐up period (p < 0.001). 74% of all drug crime offenders' purchases of prescribed addictive drugs occurred within the year preceding drug crimes. Of addictive drugs, the use of clonazepam and gabapentinoids was most likely to associate with drug crime offending (AOR 7.77, p < 0.001). Conduct and substance use disorders diagnosed in adolescence (AOR 3.49, p = 0.010; AOR 2.34, p = 0.050) were predictors for drug crime offending.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that, when treating young adults with conduct disorder and a history of substance use, physicians should prescribe addictive medications with caution, favouring instead non‐addictive medications complemented by psychosocial interventions.
Effective Maxwell−Stefan diffusion model of near ambient air drying validated with experiments on Thomson seedless grapes
Authors: Kulkarni Ameya H. , Dalvi Vishwanath H. , Deshmukh Suresh P. , Kelkar Anil K. , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B.
Published: June 2022

With 8% of the world's grapes being dried into raisins, grape drying constitutes a sizable part of agricultural revenue. The drying process in the developing regions of the world struggles with a lack of reliable drying techniques and rising energy costs. In this work, we report a systematic study to elucidate the intrinsic drying kinetics of Thomson seedless grapes. The grapes are subjected to drying by warm air (40−55°C) rather than hot air (>60°C), which has the advantage of producing the sought‐after green raisins. The air velocity is varied between 0.05 and 0.15 m/s to isolate the effect of external mass transfer resistance. A 1D mathematical model was developed that incorporates the effects of internal diffusion and external mass transfer resistance as well as the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the kinetics and driving forces. In addition, the model incorporates a novel thermodynamic model to describe the vapour pressure of water at the surface of the grape. The uniqueness of the model is that it combines thermodynamics and mass transfer in a single framework. Therefore, the parameters that describe the evaporation are the same parameters that describe the internal diffusion within the matrix, making the model robust. This robust, experiment‐trained model can be reliably transferred to develop detailed computational protocols to model cost‐effective grape drying processes in the field.
Use of cangrelor in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Study design and interim analysis of the ARCANGELO study
Authors: De Luca Leonardo , Calabrò Paolo , Chirillo Fabio , Rolfo Cristina , Menozzi Alberto , Capranzano Piera , Menichelli Maurizio , Nicolini Elisa , Mauro Ciro , Trani Carlo , Versaci Francesco , Tomai Fabrizio , Musumeci Giuseppe , Di Mario Carlo , Pepe Martino , Berti Sergio , Cernetti Carlo , Cirillo Plinio , Maffeo Diego , Talanas Giuseppe , Ferlini Marco , Contarini Marco , Lanzilotti Valerio , Scherillo Marino , Tarantini Giuseppe , Muraglia Simone , Rossini Roberta , Bolognese Leonardo ,   ARCANGELO study group
Published: June 2022

Background

The itAlian pRospective Study on CANGrELOr (ARCANGELO) was aimed to assess the safety of using cangrelor during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the daily practice.

Hypothesis

The safety of cangrelor after the transition to oral P2Y12 inhibitors was evaluated as the incidence of bleeding outcomes in the 30 days following PCI according to postauthorization safety study guidelines.

Methods

Adults with ACS who were treated with cangrelor in one of the 28 centers involved in the study. Patients who consented to participate were followed in the 30 days following their PCI. Bleedings (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [BARC] classification), major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), and adverse events were recorded. The interim results at two‐thirds of the enrollment period are presented.

Results

A total of 17 bleedings were observed in the 320 patients who completed the study at this stage. All bleedings were classified as BARC Type 1–2, except for one case of Type 3a (vessel puncture site hematoma). Four patients experienced MACEs (2 acute myocardial infarctions, 1 sudden cardiac death, 1 noncardiovascular death due to respiratory distress, and multiorgan failure). None of the bleedings was rated as related to cangrelor.

Conclusions

The interim results of the ARCANGELO study provide a preliminary confirmation that the use of cangrelor on patients with ACS undergoing PCI is not associated with severe bleedings.
Cost‐effectiveness of three internet‐based interventions for eating disorders: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rohrbach Pieter J. , Dingemans Alexandra E. , van Furth Eric F. , Spinhoven Philip , van Ginkel Joost R. , Bauer Stephanie , van den Akker‐Van Marle M. Elske
Published: June 2022

Objective

The primary aim was assessing the cost‐effectiveness of an internet‐based self‐help program, expert‐patient support, and the combination of both compared to a care‐as‐usual condition.

Method

An economic evaluation from a societal perspective was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial. Participants aged 16 or older with at least mild eating disorder symptoms were randomly assigned to four conditions: (1) Featback, an online unguided self‐help program, (2) chat or e‐mail support from a recovered expert patient, (3) Featback with expert‐patient support, and (4) care‐as‐usual. After a baseline assessment and intervention period of 8 weeks, five online assessments were conducted over 12 months of follow‐up. The main result constituted cost‐utility acceptability curves with quality‐of‐life adjusted life years (QALYs) and societal costs over the entire study duration.

Results

No significant differences between the conditions were found regarding QALYs, health care costs and societal costs. Nonsignificant differences in QALYs were in favor of the Featback conditions and the lowest societal costs per participant were observed in the Featback only condition (€16,741) while the highest costs were seen in the care‐as‐usual condition (€28,479). The Featback only condition had the highest probability of being efficient compared to the alternatives for all acceptable willingness‐to‐pay values.

Discussion

Featback, an internet‐based unguided self‐help intervention, was likely to be efficient compared to Featback with guidance from an expert patient, guidance alone and a care‐as‐usual condition. Results suggest that scalable interventions such as Featback may reduce health care costs and help individuals with eating disorders that are currently not reached by other forms of treatment.

Public significance statement

Internet‐based interventions for eating disorders might reach individuals in society who currently do not receive appropriate treatment at low costs. Featback, an online automated self‐help program for eating disorders, was found to improve quality of life slightly while reducing costs for society, compared to a do‐nothing approach. Consequently, implementing internet‐based interventions such as Featback likely benefits both individuals suffering from an eating disorder and society as a whole.
Smaller species experience mild adversity under shading in an old‐field plant community
Authors: Balfour Kelly C. , Greco Danielle A. , Gridzak Riley , Piggott Gillian , Schamp Brandon S. , Aarssen Lonnie W.
Published: June 2022

Plant competition experiments commonly suggest that larger species have an advantage, primarily in terms of light acquisition. However, within crowded natural vegetation, where competition evidently impacts fitness, most resident species are relatively small. It remains unclear, therefore, whether the size advantage observed in controlled experiments is normally realized in habitats where competition is most intense. We characterized the light environment and tested for evidence of a size advantage in competition for light in an old‐field plant community composed of perennial herbaceous species. We investigated whether larger species contributed to reduced light penetration (i.e., greater shading), and examined the impact of shade on smaller species by testing whether their abundance and richness were lower in plots with less light penetration. Light penetration in plots ranged from 0.3% to 72.4%. Significant effects were more common when analyses focused on small plants that reached reproduction (i.e., flowering rooted units); focusing on only flowering plants (i.e., excluding nonflowering rooted units) can clarify community patterns. Plots with a greater mean species height had significantly lower light penetration, and plots with lower light penetration had significantly lower flowering abundance and richness of small species. However, the impact of shade on the flowering abundance and richness of small species was relatively small (R2 values between 8% and 15%) and depended on how we defined “small species.”Synthesis: Our results confirm that light penetration in herbaceous vegetation can be comparable to levels seen in forests, that plots with taller species cast more shade, and that flowering smaller species are less abundant and diverse in plots where light penetration is low. However, variation in mean plot height explained less than 10% of variation in light penetration, and light penetration explained between 5 and 15% of variation in the flowering abundance and richness of small species. Coupled with the fact that flowering small species were present even within the most heavily shaded plots, our results suggest that any advantage in light competition by large species is limited. One explanation is that at least some small species in these communities are shade‐tolerant. Shade tolerance in predominantly herbaceous communities, particularly among small plant species, requires further research.
Topographic and vegetation drivers of thermal heterogeneity along the boreal–grassland transition zone in western Canada: Implications for climate change refugia
Authors: Estevo Cesar A. , Stralberg Diana , Nielsen Scott E. , Bayne Erin
Published: June 2022

Climate change refugia are areas that are relatively buffered from contemporary climate change and may be important safe havens for wildlife and plants under anthropogenic climate change. Topographic variation is an important driver of thermal heterogeneity, but it is limited in relatively flat landscapes, such as the boreal plain and prairie regions of western Canada. Topographic variation within this region is mostly restricted to river valleys and hill systems, and their effects on local climates are not well documented. We sought to quantify thermal heterogeneity as a function of topography and vegetation cover within major valleys and hill systems across the boreal–grassland transition zone.

Using iButton data loggers, we monitored local temperature at four hills and 12 river valley systems that comprised a wide range of habitats and ecosystems in Alberta, Canada (N = 240), between 2014 and 2020. We then modeled monthly temperature by season as a function of topography and different vegetation cover types using general linear mixed effect models.

Summer maximum temperatures (Tmax) varied nearly 6°C across the elevation gradient sampled. Local summer mean (Tmean) and maximum (Tmax) temperatures on steep, north‐facing slopes (i.e., low levels of potential solar radiation) were up to 0.70°C and 2.90°C cooler than highly exposed areas, respectively. Tmax in incised valleys was between 0.26 and 0.28°C cooler than other landforms, whereas areas with greater terrain roughness experienced maximum temperatures that were up to 1.62°C cooler. We also found that forest cover buffered temperatures locally, with coniferous and mixedwood forests decreasing summer Tmean from 0.23 to 0.72°C and increasing winter Tmin by up to 2°C, relative to non‐forested areas.

Spatial predictions of temperatures from iButton data loggers were similar to a gridded climate product (ClimateNA), but the difference between them increased with potential solar radiation, vegetation cover, and terrain roughness.

Species that can track their climate niche may be able to compensate for regional climate warming through local migrations to cooler microsites. Topographic and vegetation characteristics that are related to cooler local climates should be considered in the evaluation of future climate change impacts and to identify potential refugia from climate change.
Forb composition gradients and intra‐annual variation in a threatened Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie
Authors: Averett Joshua P. , Endress Bryan A.
Published: June 2022

Grasslands are among the most threatened and least protected terrestrial biome. Grassland forbs: (1) account for most of the floral diversity; (2) are not well studied because they have been overshadowed by grass‐centered research; and (3) have been a major source for biodiversity loss. The Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie (PNB) of North America is one of the most endangered grasslands on earth. Knowledge of vegetation community dynamics in the PNB is based primarily on bunchgrasses. There is a paucity of information related to the PNB's diverse native perennial forbs (hereafter “forbs”). Consequently, PNB forb community patterns and dynamics are largely unknown. We describe forb community structure and its relationship to environmental factors and phenology. We sampled 29 plots in the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range, northeastern Oregon, at three different times during 2016 (April; May; July). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) indicated that the dominant gradient in forb composition was related (R2 = 0.66) to slope and soil P and K, contrasting flat, poorly drained soils (scabflats) at one end with steep, well‐drained soils at the other end. The secondary gradient (R2 = 0.16) contrasted deeper, finer textured soils at one end with shallow, rocky soils at the other. Forb richness decreased by ~40% from April to July. NMS and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) showed that most forbs had affinities toward spring. Ubiquitous forbs (e.g., Triteleia grandiflora, Camassia quamash) were sparse to absent by July. Contradictory to general descriptions of the PNB, forb cover and richness in drought‐prone sites were comparable to mesic sites when spring data were considered. Our findings suggest that PNB grasslands contain diverse forb communities that are structured primarily by water drainage and soil depth. Conventional sampling concomitant with peak grass biomass is insufficient to characterize PNB forb communities, particularly for scabflats and the most drought‐prone soils.
The importance of fine‐scale predictors of wild boar habitat use in an isolated population
Authors: Bacigalupo Sonny A. , Chang Yu‐mei , Dixon Linda K. , Gubbins Simon , Kucharski Adam J. , Drewe Julian A.
Published: June 2022

Predicting the likelihood of wildlife presence at potential wildlife–livestock interfaces is challenging. These interfaces are usually relatively small geographical areas where landscapes show large variation over small distances. Models of wildlife distribution based on coarse data over wide geographical ranges may not be representative of these interfaces. High‐resolution data can help identify fine‐scale predictors of wildlife habitat use at a local scale and provide more accurate predictions of species habitat use. These data may be used to inform knowledge of interface risks, such as disease transmission between wildlife and livestock, or human–wildlife conflict.

This study uses fine‐scale habitat use data from wild boar (Sus scrofa) based on activity signs and direct field observations in and around the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, England. Spatial logistic regression models fitted using a variant of penalized quasi‐likelihood were used to identify habitat‐based and anthropogenic predictors of wild boar signs.

Our models showed that within the Forest of Dean, wild boar signs were more likely to be seen in spring, in forest‐type habitats, closer to the center of the forest and near litter bins. In the area surrounding the Forest of Dean, wild boar signs were more likely to be seen in forest‐type habitats and near recreational parks and less likely to be seen near livestock.

This approach shows that wild boar habitat use can be predicted using fine‐scale data over comparatively small areas and in human‐dominated landscapes, while taking account of the spatial correlation from other nearby fine‐scale data‐points. The methods we use could be applied to map habitat use of other wildlife species in similar landscapes, or of movement‐restricted, isolated, or fragmented wildlife populations.
Oriented Organization of Poly(3‐Hexylthiophene) for Efficient and Stable Antimony Sulfide Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Jinxiang , Tang Rongfeng , Cai Huiling , Cai Zhiyuan , Xiao Peng , Li Gang , Jiang Chenhui , Zhu Changfei , Chen Tao
Published: June 2022

Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), as a traditional organic hole‐transporting material (HTM), is widely used in thin‐film solar cells due to its high charge mobility and good thermal stability. However, the P3HT films obtained by the traditional method are amorphous, which is unfavorable to hole extraction and transport. Here, a low‐toxicity solvent 1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene (TMB) was used as the solvent instead of the commonly used halogen solvent chlorobenzene (CB) to dissolve P3HT. Thus, the self‐assembled nanofibrous P3HT film was prepared and applied as HTM in the newly emerged Sb2S3 solar cells. According to the density functional theory calculations, the interface contact between TMB‐P3HT and Sb2S3 was enhanced via the bonding interaction of S in P3HT and Sb in Sb2S3. Through transient absorption spectroscopy characterization, the enhanced interface contact improves the charge extraction ability of TMB‐P3HT when compared to the CB‐P3HT film. Thus, the TMB‐P3HT‐based Sb2S3 solar cell delivers a power conversion efficiency of 6.21%, which is 9.7% higher than that of the CB‐P3HT‐based device. Furthermore, the dopant‐free TMB‐P3HT‐based Sb2S3 devices exhibit excellent environmental stability compared with Spiro‐OMeTAD‐based devices. This work demonstrates that the application of P3HT and the solvent engineering of HTM are applicable strategies for developing Sb2S3 solar cells with high efficiency and stability.
Acetazolamide in Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload trial (ADVOR): baseline characteristics
Authors: Mullens Wilfried , Dauw Jeroen , Martens Pieter , Meekers Evelyne , Nijst Petra , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Chenot Fabien , Moubayed Samer , Dierckx Riet , Blouard Philippe , Derthoo David , Smolders Walter , Ector Bavo , Hulselmans Michaël , Lochy Stijn , Raes David , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline , Vandekerckhove Hans , Hofkens Pieter‐Jan , Goossens Kathleen , Pouleur Anne‐Catherine , De Ceuninck Michel , Gabriel Laurence , Timmermans Philippe , Prihadi Edgard A. , Van Durme Frederik , Depauw Michel , Vervloet Delphine , Viaene Els , Vachiery Jean‐Luc , Tartaglia Katrien , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Bruckers Liesbeth , Droogne Walter , Troisfontaines Pierre , Damman Kevin , Lassus Johan , Mebazaa Alexandre , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ruschitzka Frank , Dupont Matthias
Published: June 2022

Aims

To describe the baseline characteristics of participants in the Acetazolamide in Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload (ADVOR) trial and compare these with other contemporary diuretic trials in acute heart failure (AHF).

Methods and results

ADVOR recruited 519 patients with AHF, clinically evident volume overload, elevated N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and maintenance loop diuretic therapy prior to admission. All participants received standardized loop diuretics and were randomized towards once daily intravenous acetazolamide (500 mg) versus placebo, stratified according to study centre and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (≤40% vs. >40%). The primary endpoint was successful decongestion assessed by a dedicated score indicating no more than trace oedema and no other signs of congestion after three consecutive days of treatment without need for escalating treatment. Mean age was 78 years, 63% were men, mean LVEF was 43%, and median NT‐proBNP 6173 pg/ml. The median clinical congestion score was 4 with an EuroQol‐5 dimensions health utility index of 0.6. Patients with LVEF ≤40% were more often male, had more ischaemic heart disease, higher levels of NT‐proBNP and less atrial fibrillation. Compared with diuretic trials in AHF, patients enrolled in ADVOR were considerably older with higher NT‐proBNP levels, reflecting the real‐world clinical situation.

Conclusion

ADVOR is the largest randomized diuretic trial in AHF, investigating acetazolamide to improve decongestion on top of standardized loop diuretics. The elderly enrolled population with poor quality of life provides a good representation of the real‐world AHF population. The pragmatic design will provide novel insights in the diuretic treatment of patients with AHF.
Efficient nanoparticle focusing utilizing cascade AC electroosmotic flow
Authors: Abdelghany Ahmed , Yamasaki Keiichi , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Motosuke Masahiro
Published: June 2022

This study presents on‐chip continuous accumulation and concentration of nanoscale samples using a cascade alternating current electroosmosis (cACEO) flow. ACEO can generate flow motion caused by ion movement due to interactions between the AC electric field and the induced charge layer on the electrode surface, with the potential to accumulate particles, especially in low‐conductive liquid. However, the intrinsic particle diffusive motion, which is sensitive to particle size, is an essential element influencing accumulation efficiency. In this study, an electrode combining chevron and double‐gap geometry embedded in a microfluidic channel was developed to perform efficient three‐dimensional (3D) nanoparticle focusing using ACEO. The chevron electrode pattern was introduced upstream of the focusing zone to overcome particle accumulation in scattering zones near the channel sidewall. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed device for particle accumulation, three nanoparticle types were used: latex, metal, and biomaterial. Continuous 3D concentration of 50‐nm polystyrene particles was confirmed. The concentration factor, determined based on image processing, became quite high when 50‐nm gold nanoparticles were used. Moreover, nanoparticles with a 20‐nm diameter were accumulated using cACEO. Finally, we used the concentrator chip to accumulate 50‐nm liposome particles, confirming that the device could also successfully concentrate biomaterials.
Linking Mechanistic Effects of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products to Ecologically Relevant Outcomes: A Decade of Progress
Authors: Ankley Gerald T. , Berninger Jason P. , Maloney Erin M. , Olker Jennifer H. , Schaupp Christopher M. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , LaLone Carlie A.
Published: June 2022

There are insufficient toxicity data to assess the ecological risks of many pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). While data limitations are not uncommon for contaminants of environmental concern, PPCPs are somewhat unique in that an a priori understanding of their biological activities in conjunction with measurements of molecular, biochemical, or histological responses could provide a foundation for understanding mode(s) of action and predicting potential adverse apical effects. Over the past decade significant progress has been made in the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) to efficiently quantify these types of endpoints using computational models and pathway-based in vitro and in vivo assays. The availability of open-access knowledgebases to curate biological response (including NAM) data and sophisticated bioinformatics tools to help interpret the information also has significantly increased. Finally, advances in the development and implementation of the adverse outcome pathway framework provide the critical conceptual underpinnings needed to translate NAM data into predictions of the ecologically relevant outcomes required by risk assessors and managers. The evolution and convergence of these various data streams, tools, and concepts provides the basis for a fundamental change in how ecological risks of PPCPs can be pragmatically assessed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:537–548. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Regional and age‐related diversity of human mature oligodendrocytes
Authors: Yaqubi Moein , Luo Julia Xiao Xuan , Baig Salma , Cui Qiao‐Ling , Petrecca Kevin , Desu Haritha , Larochelle Catherine , Afanasiev Elia , Hall Jeffery A. , Dudley Roy , Srour Myriam , Haglund Lisbet , Ouellet Jean , Georgiopoulos Miltiadis , Santaguida Carlo , Sonnen Joshua A. , Healy Luke M. , Stratton Jo Anne , Kennedy Timothy E. , Antel Jack P.
Published: June 2022

Morphological and emerging molecular studies have provided evidence for heterogeneity within the oligodendrocyte population. To address the regional and age‐related heterogeneity of human mature oligodendrocytes (MOLs) we applied single‐cell RNA sequencing to cells isolated from cortical/subcortical, subventricular zone brain tissue samples, and thoracolumbar spinal cord samples. Unsupervised clustering of cells identified transcriptionally distinct MOL subpopulations across regions. Spinal cord MOLs, but not microglia, exhibited cell‐type‐specific upregulation of immune‐related markers compared to the other adult regions. SVZ MOLs showed an upregulation of select number of development‐linked transcription factors compared to other regions; however, pseudotime trajectory analyses did not identify a global developmental difference. Age‐related analysis of cortical/subcortical samples indicated that pediatric MOLs, especially from under age 5, retain higher expression of genes linked to development and to immune activity with pseudotime analysis favoring a distinct developmental stage. Our regional and age‐related studies indicate heterogeneity of MOL populations in the human CNS that may reflect developmental and environmental influences.
Relationship between handgrip strength, depression and cognitive functioning among older adults: Evidence from longitudinal ageing study in India
Authors: Muhammad T. , Maurya Priya
Published: June 2022

Background

Handgrip strength (HGS) is a frequent and general indicator of muscle strength and it may affect several aspects of mental health among older people. This study explored the association of HGS with depression and cognitive impairment among community‐dwelling older adults in resource‐constrained setting of India.

Method

Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), and the analysis was conducted on 27,707 older adults aged 60 years and above. Outcome measures included depression (assessed by the Short Form Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI‐SF) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) scales) and cognitive impairment. Descriptive statistics and mean scores of HGS were reported and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to test the research hypotheses of the study.

Results

Mean score of HGS was 24.33 (SD: 7.22) for males and 15.94 (SD: 5.14) for females. Mean age was 68.86 (SD: 7.19) and 68.40 (SD: 7.31) years among males and females respectively. Older participants who had weak HGS were significantly more likely to be depressed in CIDI‐SF scale (B: 0.06, CI: 0.01–0.13) and CES‐D scale (B: 0.02, CI: 0.01–0.03) in comparison to those who had strong HGS after adjusting for a large number of confounders. Older participants who had weak HGS were significantly more likely (B: 0.92, CI: 0.76–1.07) to have cognitive impairment compared to those who had strong HGS.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the independent association of HGS with major depression, depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment that have implications on promoting resistance‐training programs among aged population.
Cognitive outcomes are differentially associated with depression severity trajectories during psychotherapy treatment for late life major depressive disorder
Authors: Kassel Michelle T. , Rhodes Emma , Insel Philip S. , Woodworth Kai , Garrison‐Diehn Christina , Satre Derek D. , Nelson J. Craig , Tosun Duygu , Mackin R. Scott
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Late Life Depression (LLD) is associated with persistent cognitive dysfunction even after depression symptoms improve. The present study was designed to examine cognitive outcomes associated with the pattern of depression severity change during psychotherapy intervention for LLD.

Methods

96 community‐dwelling adults ages 65–91 with major depressive disorder completed 12 sessions of Problem‐Solving Therapy at the University of California, San Francisco. Nonlinear trajectories of depression severity ratings using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were computed from multiple time points collected throughout the weekly psychotherapy intervention. Performance on measures of cognition (information processing speed, executive functioning, verbal learning, memory) was assessed at baseline and post‐treatment. Linear mixed‐effects models examined associations between nonlinear depression severity trajectories and post‐treatment change in cognitive performance.

Results

Broadly, different patterns of depression change during treatment were associated with improved cognition post‐treatment. Greater and more consistent interval improvements in depression ratings were differentially associated with improvements in aspects of verbal learning, memory, and executive function post‐treatment, while no associations were found with information processing speed.

Conclusions

The heterogeneity of depression trajectories associated with improved cognitive outcomes suggests that the temporal pattern of depression response may impact specific cognitive processes distinctly. Results suggest that use of nonlinear depression severity trajectories may help to elucidate complex associations between the time course of depression response and cognitive outcomes of psychotherapy in LLD. These findings have important implications for identifying treatment targets to enhance clinical and cognitive outcomes of psychotherapy in LLD.
Combinations of an acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor with hepatic lipid modulating agents do not augment antifibrotic efficacy in preclinical models of NASH and fibrosis
Authors: Vijayakumar Archana , Okesli‐Armlovich Ayse , Wang Ting , Olson Isabel , Seung Minji , Kusam Saritha , Hollenback David , Mahadevan Sangeetha , Marchand Bruno , Toteva Maria , Breckenridge David G. , Trevaskis James L. , Bates Jamie
Published: June 2022

Dysregulated hepatocyte lipid metabolism is a hallmark of hepatic lipotoxicity and contributes to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors decrease hepatocyte lipotoxicity by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis and concomitantly increasing fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and firsocostat, a liver‐targeted inhibitor of ACC1/2, is under evaluation clinically in patients with NASH. ACC inhibition is associated with improvements in indices of NASH and reduced liver triglyceride (TG) content, but also increased circulating TG in subjects with NASH and preclinical rodent models. Here we evaluated whether enhancing hepatocyte FAO by combining ACC inhibitors with peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) or thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRβ) agonists could drive greater liver TG reduction and NASH/antifibrotic efficacy, while ameliorating ACC inhibitor–induced hypertriglyceridemia. In high‐fat diet–fed dyslipidemic rats, the addition of PPAR agonists fenofibrate (Feno), elafibranor (Ela), lanifibranor (Lani), seladelpar (Sela) or saroglitazar (Saro), or the THRb agonist resmetirom (Res), to an analogue of firsocostat (ACCi) prevented ACCi‐induced hypertriglyceridemia. However, only PPARα agonists (Feno and Ela) and Res provided additional liver TG reduction. In the choline‐deficient high‐fat diet rat model of advanced liver fibrosis, neither PPARα (Feno) nor THRβ (Res) agonism augmented the antifibrotic efficacy of ACCi. Conclusion: These data suggest that combination therapies targeting hepatocyte lipid metabolism may have beneficial effects on liver TG reduction; however, they may not be sufficient to drive fibrosis regression.
Unsteady MHD free convective flow past a moving vertical plate in a porous medium with radiation and chemical reaction including arbitrary thermal and solutal ramped condition
Authors: Ahmed Nazibuddin , Saikia Dibya Jyoti
Published: June 2022

The motive behind this investigation is to examine the unsteady magnetohydrodynamics free convective fluid flow with heat and mass transfer of a viscous, incompressible flow past a moving upright plate in a porous medium with radiation, chemical reaction, arbitrary thermal, and solutal ramped condition. An analytical solution for momentum, energy, and concentration equations is accomplished by implementing the Laplace transformation technique. The influence of different nondimensional parameters on fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration along with skin friction and rate of heat transfer as well as mass transfer at the plate are exhibited graphically. It can be spotted that both the concentration and temperature field decrease for rising values of the ramped parameter, radiation parameter, chemical reaction parameter, and Schmidt number. Moreover, it is detected that the fluid velocity drops in the case of the isothermal plate, and velocity upsurges for the ramped plate temperature. Investigation simulates that the rate of heat transfer, as well as rate of mass transfer, is escalated on hiking radiation parameter.
Uncertainties and green bond markets: Evidence from tail dependence
Authors: Lin Boqiang , Su Tong
Published: June 2022

Motivated by a lack of studies related to macro risk‐driven green bond markets, this paper detects the tail dependence of the USA and China green bond markets on three uncertainty indicators. We applied a novel cross‐quantilogram method to address this issue and utilised the quantile causality test for robustness, as well as to capture predictive causalities. The results show that three selected uncertainty indicators are important drivers for the returns and volatilities of green bond markets. However, all three indicators play different roles in the two nations. The most influential determinant of US green bonds is financial uncertainty, whereas in China, it is economic policy uncertainty. Additionally, the impact on green bond returns varies in different market states, and green bond volatilities may respond abnormally to extreme increasing changes in these uncertainties. These findings imply the unique financial characteristics of two green bond markets and heterogeneities between different countries. The corresponding investment implications and policy significance are discussed in detail in the concluding section.
Biochar stimulates tomato roots to recruit a bacterial assemblage contributing to disease resistance against Fusarium wilt
Authors: Jin Xue , Bai Yang , Khashi u Rahman Muhammad , Kang Xiaojun , Pan Kai , Wu Fengzhi , Pommier Thomas , Zhou Xingang , Wei Zhong
Published: June 2022

Biochar amendment is acknowledged to favor plant resistance against soil‐borne diseases. Although plant‐beneficial bacteria enrichment in the rhizosphere is often proposed to be associated with this protection, the mechanism behind this stimulating effect remains unelucidated. Here, we tested whether biochar promotes plants to recruit beneficial bacteria to the rhizosphere, and thus develop a disease‐suppressive rhizosphere microbiome. In a pot experiment, biochar amendment decreased tomato Fusarium wilt disease severity. Using a transplanting rhizosphere microbiome experiment, we showed that biochar enhanced the suppressiveness of tomato rhizosphere microbiome against Fusarium wilt disease. High‐throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene and in vitro cultures further indicated that the recruited suppressive rhizosphere microbiome was associated with the increase of plant‐beneficial bacteria, such as Pseudomonas sp. This amendment also enhanced the in vitro chemoattraction and biofilm promotion activity of tomato root exudates. Collectively, our results demonstrate that biochar amendment induces tomato seedlings to efficiently recruit a disease‐suppressive rhizosphere microbiome against Fusarium wilt.
Implementing genomics in the neonatal period: An assessment of parental decision making and anxiety
Authors: Wainstein Tasha , Campbell Teresa , Stojkova Biljana J. , Lavoie Pascal M. , Elliott Alison M.
Published: June 2022

As uptake of rapid genome sequencing (GS) in the neonatal period steadily increases, a clinical genetics service that is optimized to the needs of parents becomes increasingly important. We aimed to investigate factors that influence decision making about rapid GS by parents of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and explore their experiences of decisional conflict and anxiety during this time. Parents of neonates suspected of having a genetic disorder and offered rapid GS in the NICU completed a questionnaire measuring experience with GS counseling, decisional conflict, and anxiety level. Our results demonstrate that despite a largely positive GS experience (70%; 21/30) among the survey respondents, 50.0% (14/28) experienced moderate to severe anxiety measured using the GAD‐7 scale, and 34.6% (9/26) experienced decisional conflict measured using the SURE scale. We also showed that prematurity may be a modifier of anxiety in this group of parents and although not statistically significant, distance lived away from the hospital site could have practical significance. Open‐ended responses to survey questions highlighted that feeling overwhelmed, the types of engagements parents had with healthcare providers, and the timing of information provision also influenced parental decision making in this setting. We suggest that the GAD‐7 scale for generalized anxiety and SURE scale for decisional conflict could be incorporated by genetic counselors into routine care of parents of neonates who have been offered rapid GS to identify those who may need additional support (resources, information, or psychological). These tools may inform ways that communication between patients and providers can be improved and enhanced and clinical genetics services in the NICU can be optimized. We suggest that integrating genetic counselors into the NICU care team could increase access for this population and ensure delivery of optimized patient education and counseling.
Irreducible nonmetrizable path systems in graphs
Authors: Cizma Daniel , Linial Nati
Published: June 2022

A path system  in a graph is a collection of paths with a unique path for every two vertices . We say that is consistent if for any path , every subpath of is also in . It is metrizable if there exists a positive weight function such that is comprised of ‐shortest paths. We call irreducible if there does not exist a partition such that restricts to a path system on both and . In this paper, we construct an infinite family of nonmetrizable irreducible consistent path systems on certain Paley graphs.
Amide Proton Transfer‐Weighted Imaging Combined With Intravoxel Incoherent Motion for Evaluating Microsatellite Instability in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Ma Changjun , Tian Shifeng , Song Qingling , Chen Lihua , Meng Xing , Wang Nan , Lin Liangjie , Wang Jiazheng , Liu Ailian , Song Qingwei
Published: June 2022

Background

Microsatellite instability (MSI), caused by mismatch repair (MMR) protein defects that lead to uncorrectable mismatch bases, results in the accumulation of gene mutations and ultimately to tumors. Preoperative prediction of MSI can provide a basis for personalized and precise treatment of endometrial cancer (EC) patients.

Purpose

To investigate amide proton transfer weighting (APTw) imaging combined with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in the assessment of MSI in EC.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 71 patients with EC (12 classified as the MSI group and 22 as the microsatellite stabilization [MSS] group after entering and leaving the group standard).

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3.0 T/IVIM, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and APTw.

Assessment

Amide proton transfer (APT) value, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated and compared between MSI and MSS groups.

Statistical Tests

The Kendall's W test; Mann–Whitney U‐test; Chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test; logistic regression analysis; Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC); The Delong test; Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients. The significance threshold was set at P < 0.05.

Results

APT and D* values of the MSI group were significantly higher than those of the MSS group. While ADC, D, and f values in the MSI group were significantly lower than those in the MSS group. The multivariate analysis revealed that only APT and D* values were independent predictors to evaluate the MSI status. And the ROC curves indicated that the combination of APT and D* values could distinguish the MSI status of EC with the highest diagnostic efficacy (AUC = 0.973), even without significant difference to those by APT (AUC = 0.894) or D* (AUC = 0.920) value separately (P = 0.149 and 0.078, respectively).

Conclusion

Combination of APTw and IVIM imaging may serve as an effective noninvasive method for clinical assessment of MSI in EC.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Does a stick work? A meta‐analytic examination of curvilinear relationships between job insecurity and employee workplace behaviors
Authors: Jiang Lixin , Lawrence Amy , Xu Xiaohong (Violet)
Published: June 2022

The job insecurity literature has been limited by the dominant linear view on the effects of job insecurity and the misconception that the conceptualizations and operationalizations of job insecurity across studies are homogenous. To challenge these two assumptions, we contrast the integrated perspective based on social exchange theory and job preservation motivation with activation theory and propose competing hypotheses for the curvilinear relationships between job insecurity and employee behavioral outcomes, including task performance, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), creative performance, safety behavior, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). We also examine the moderating roles of different conceptualizations of job insecurity (i.e., cognitive vs. affective job insecurity; quantitative vs. qualitative job insecurity) in the proposed curvilinear relationships. Our meta‐analysis demonstrates that the negative relationships of job insecurity with task performance and OCB‐organization turn positive after inflection points, supporting the integrated perspective of social exchange theory and job preservation motivation but not activation theory. Moreover, the negative relationships of job insecurity with OCB‐individual and creative performance turn nonsignificant as job insecurity further increases. Finally, job insecurity has a linear, negative relationship with safety behavior, but a linear, positive relationship with CWB‐organization. Interestingly, affective job insecurity has lower inflection points than cognitive job insecurity, and qualitative job insecurity has lower inflection points than quantitative job insecurity. This study provides a deep and fine‐grained understanding of the curvilinear relationships between job insecurity and workplace behaviors and pushes the literature forward by focusing on the nuanced differences among various types of job insecurity.
Microimage coupled Raman optical probes for benthic solid target detection
Authors: Liu Qingsheng , Guo Jinjia , Lu Yuan , Liu Shuang , Nie Mingzhao , Wei Zihao , Ye Wangquan , Zheng Ronger
Published: June 2022

Over the past decades, Raman spectroscopy has been proven to be a powerful tool for in situ detection in the deep sea. However, two important issues are usually presented for solid detection of Raman in the sea: (a) The implementation of accurate laser focusing using the manipulator of remotely operated vehicles is difficult; (b) it is challenging to recognise minerals by Raman only. In this study, a novel approach was presented to address these difficulties by introducing microimage into underwater Raman system to aid laser focusing and spectra analysis. The further evaluation results showed that, using 5× objective lens, the joint system could obtain the focused laser spot size of 290 μm on the focal plane for Raman detection and the spatial resolution of 2.2 μm for the microimaging. With the aid of microimaging, the Raman probe was successfully applied to the China Yellow Sea (36.129°N, 120.215°E) for in situ detection on the seafloor. Microimaging is a practical method of promoting the detection ability of underwater Raman spectroscopy, and biological applications would be another perspective in the future.