bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redescription of two species of Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera, Perlidae) and new distribution records of Neoperla mnong Stark, 1987 in China
Authors: Zeng Liang-Liang , Huo Qing-Bo , Du Yu-Zhou
Published: June 2024

Two species of Neoperla from Guizhou Province, China, N. bituberculata Du, 2000 and N. dashahena Du, 2005 were described with brief morphological descriptions available only in Chinese and original illustrations being somewhat blurry. Recently, we examined type material of these two species and re-described them with clear colour pictures for the first time.

In this paper, detailed English descriptions and colour pictures of Neoperla bituberculata and N. dashahena are provided for the first time. The type locality of N. mnong Stark is from Vietnam and its geographical distribution is also discussed. Additionally, we also recorded the distribution of N. mnong Stark, 1987 in Guizhou, Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces of China for the first time and provided a geographical distribution map of this species.
Phylogeny and taxonomy of two new species in Dictyosporiaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) from Guizhou, China
Authors: Feng Yao , Liu Zuo-Yi , Chen Xiao-Fang , Yang Mi-Lian , Zhang Zhi-Yuan , Chen Ya-Ya
Published: June 2024

Two novel species within the family Dictyosporiaceae are described and illustrated from terrestrial habitats on dead culms of bamboo and an unidentified plant, respectively. Through morphological comparisons and the multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, and tef1-α sequence dataset, two species, Gregarithecium bambusicola, Pseudocoleophoma paraphysoidea are identified. Phylogenetically, both species clustered into a monophyletic clade with strong bootstrap support. Gregarithecium bambusicolasp. nov. can be distinguished from other species within the genus based on its almost straight ascospores. Pseudocoleophoma paraphysoideasp. nov. differs from other species in its conidiogenous cells intermixed with paraphyses, longer conidiogenous cells and larger conidia. The identification of this lineage contributes to our understanding of the classification of Dictyosporiaceae.
On the social cost of carbon and discounting in the DICE model
Authors: Braun Philipp , Faulwasser Timm , Grüne Lars , Kellett Christopher M. , Semmler Willi , Weller Steven R.
Published: June 2024

The social cost of carbon (SCC) has emerged as one of the relevant measures in integrated assessment models in climate economics, to quantify costs related to global warming and climate change. While the SCC is used in different models, including DICE (Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and Economy), PAGE (Policy Analysis of the Greenhouse Effect), and FUND (Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation, and Distribution), its exact definition and computation depend on the reference and, frequently lacking consistency within research streams whether focusing on a single model or on different models. In this study, we investigated three different methods for the computation of the SCC using the integrated assessment model DICE. While the first two methods are commonly known and used, the novel formula derived for the third method allows a direct analysis of the impact of the discount factor in the calculation of the SCC. We provide a detailed proof for the correctness of the third method and validate the consistency of all three methods by numerical experiments.
A new approach to special curved surface families according to modified orthogonal frame
Authors: Atalay Gülnur Şaffak
Published: June 2024

The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the problem of finding the surface family with respect to two different types of modified orthogonal frames defined for curves with curvature and torsion different from zero, respectively. For this purpose, conditions were given for the parametric curve with the modified orthogonal frame in three-dimensional Euclidean space to be a geodesic, asymptotic or line of curvature on the surface, respectively. It has been shown that a member of the surface family with the same special curve such as geodesic, asymptotic, or line of curvature can be obtained by choosing different deviation functions in the parametric writing of the surface to satisfy the conditions. Finally, several examples were given to support the study.
Un bastion casematé construit sous la Restauration : le bastion Saint-Louis d’Avesnes-sur-Helpe
Authors: Valeri Florian , Byhet Thomas
Published: June 2024

Le bastion casematé Saint-Louis d’Avesnes-sur-Helpe (Nord) constitue un exemple rare d’ouvrage fortifié aménagé à l’époque de la Restauration. Construit en 1830, il vient compléter la ceinture des fortifications avesnoises aménagée depuis le Moyen Âge et profondément modernisée à l’Époque moderne. Mais, depuis le déclassement de la place de guerre en 1867, il a connu diverses attributions et fonctions. Il est aujourd’hui la propriété de la commune qui prévoit de le réhabiliter.
Threshold Net Profit Condition in Predicting the Insurer’s Probability of Ruin
Authors: Ogungbenle G. M.
Published: June 2024

Purpose: An insurer is technically ruined when its surplus falls below a specified level that is less than a defined benchmark. In ruin analysis, the classical Lundberg’s model describes the claim’s process of an insurer where the claim size and the inter-arrival times are independent of each other, but this may not be reasonable enough since it is complex to express the adjustment coefficient in terms of the distributions of claim sizes and inter-arrival times. It is, therefore, reasonable to compare the ruin probability of insurer’s portfolio under Tijim’s approximation in order to determine the level at which the insurer could survive. The objectives of this study are to estimate the adjustment coefficient using moment generating function, confirm when the net profit condition is violated and construct model for the exponential parameter of the Tijim’s model. Design/Methodology/Approach: We compare ruin probabilities Lundberg’s and Tijim’s frameworks under Gamma claims. Findings: Computational evidence from the results reveals that Tijim’s approximation is comparatively lower than Lundberg’s upper bound and, therefore, represents an improvement. The empirical analysis suggests that the insurer should avoid initial reserve below 1,800,000.00. From tables 2 and 3, at any level of the initial capital u both models seem not converging to zero very fast. Within the interval 1000000 ≤ u ≤ 1800000, the ruin probability is trivially confirming that the net profit condition E(X) − a < 0  is violated. Originality: This paper has improved the Tijim’s estimation analytically as demonstrated in our empirical analysis.
Application of Grounded Theory Methodology in Library and Information Science Research: An Overview
Authors: Bandaranayake P.
Published: June 2024

Grounded Theory (GT) methodology has emerged as a valuable approach in qualitative and mixed-method research, particularly in contexts where there is limited existing literature or where a nuanced understanding of a phenomenon is needed through extensive exploration. Similarly, GT has found applications in research within the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). This conceptual paper aims to introduce grounded theory methodology (GTM) to library professionals and to explore how GT functions as an exploratory and inductive research method within the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). It provides an overview of GT, tracing its evolution and discussing different versions of the methodology. Drawing upon examples from existing literature, this paper showcases how GT can be used as an effective approach in LIS research. Furthermore, this paper examines the challenges associated with employing GT, particularly for novice researchers. By shedding light on both the strengths and limitations of GT, this paper aims to equip library professionals with a deeper understanding of this methodology and its potential for advancing research in the LIS field.
Efficacy and safety of malleable penile prosthesis compared to inflatable penile prosthesis in erectile dysfunction patients
Authors: Satwikananda Handaru , Laksita Tetuka Bagus , Djatisoesanto Wahjoe , Soebadi Doddy Moesbadianto
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction can cause self-withdrawal and decreased quality of life. Patients who do not respond to pharmacological therapy and other conservative treatments are urged to undergo penile prosthesis implantation. Malleable penile prosthesis was the first prosthesis developed, but then inflatable penile prosthesis was developed to give a more natural erection. There is no meta-analysis comparing inflatable and malleable penile prostheses in terms of safety and efficacy. This study is conducted to evaluate patient and partner satisfaction, ease of use, mechanical failure, and infection rate in patients who underwent penile prosthesis implantation.Method: This meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocols. Five eligible studies were included from Pubmed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SemanticScholar databases.Result: In this study, patient and partner satisfaction are significantly better (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.66-6.93, p = 0.0008) (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.75-3.08, p < 0.00001). Mechanical failure is also significantly higher in inflatable penile prostheses (OR 5.60, 95% CI 2.02-15.53, p = 0.0009). There is no significant difference in terms of ease of use and infection rate in inflatable or malleable penile prostheses.Conclusions: This study concluded that inflatable penile prosthesis is better in terms of patient and partner satisfaction, but mechanical failures occur more frequently in this type of prosthesis.
Effects of artificial light with different spectral compositions on refractive development and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 expression in the sclerae of juvenile guinea pigs
Authors: Yuan Jianbao , Li Linfang , Fan Yi , Xu Xinyu , Huang Xiaoqiong , Shi Jiayu , Zhang Chuanwei , Shi Lixin , Wang Yuliang
Published: June 2024

Artificial light can affect eyeball development and increase myopia rate. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) degrades the extracellular matrix, and induces its remodeling, while tissue inhibitor of matrix MMP-2 (TIMP-2) inhibits active MMP-2. The present study aimed to look into how refractive development and the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the guinea pigs' remodeled sclerae are affected by artificial light with varying spectral compositions. Three weeks old guinea pigs were randomly assigned to groups exposed to five different types of light: natural light, LED light with a low color temperature, three full spectrum artificial lights, i.e. E light (continuous spectrum in the range of ~390-780 nm), G light (a blue peak at 450 nm and a small valley 480 nm) and F light (continuous spectrum and wavelength of 400 nm below filtered). A-scan ultrasonography was used to measure the axial lengths of their eyes, every two weeks throughout the experiment. Following twelve weeks of exposure to light, the sclerae were observed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect the MMP-2 and TIMP-2 protein and mRNA expression levels in the sclerae. After four, six, eight, ten, and twelve weeks of illumination, the guinea pigs in the LED and G light groups had axial lengths that were considerably longer than the animals in the natural light group while the guinea pigs in the E and F light groups had considerably shorter axial lengths than those in the LED group. Following twelve weeks of exposure to light, the expression of the scleral MMP-2 protein and mRNA were, from low to high, N group, E group, F group, G group, LED group; however, the expression of the scleral TIMP-2 protein and mRNA were, from high to low, N group, E group, F group, G group, LED group. The comparison between groups was statistically significant (p<0.01). Continuous, peaks-free or valleys-free artificial light with full-spectrum preserves remodeling of scleral extracellular matrix in guinea pigs by downregulating MMP-2 and upregulating TIMP-2, controlling eye axis elongation, and inhibiting the onset and progression of myopia.
Africa seminar: Collected papers, volume 5
Authors: Keegan Tim
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
The early days of the Orange Free State: Charles Warden; W.D. Savage; Martha Jane Kirk
Authors: Malan S.F.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
South Africa: A modern history
Authors: Van Aswegen H.J.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Klerksdorp: Groeiende reus, 1837-1987
Authors: Van den Bergh G.N.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Old Cape farmsteads
Authors: Visagie J.C.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Hermanus: a guide to the 'Riviera of the South'
Authors: Wilson Julie
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Die Kôpa-nedersetting van Boleu (Maleo) in Oos-Transvaal
Authors: Bergh J.S.
Published: June 2024

Although the Kopa of Boleu played a prominent role in the early interaction between white and black in the Eastern Transvaal, confusion and uncertainty still exist regarding the location of their settlement at that time and the date of their arrival there. Some facts can, however, be inferred from a critical evaluation of contemporary sources. Amongst other things it becomes clear that the Kopa were residing at the present Maleoskop on the Rietspruit (upper Olifants River) before 1846. White farmers were later also allowed to occupy this land but it was bought back for the Kopa by the authorities in 1859.
Grahamstown 1914-1918: Four wartime themes
Authors: Hummel H.C.
Published: June 2024

This study of Grahamstown during World War I illustrates four themes which serve to demonstrate the essentially British, frontier, commercial and martial attitudes that went into its making. Wartime conditions exacerbated the social and economic problems of white Grahamstown and its black population. In so volatile a community the hyper-charged atmosphere of wartime unleashed a strident Germanophobia. There were also two days of protest by blacks to which most whites reacted with alarm. The concluding episode of the article deals with the effects of the Spanish influenza epidemic on Grahamstown during the last weeks of the war.
Investigation of the Thermal-to-Electrical Properties of Transition Metal-Sb Alloys Synthesized for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Park Jong Min , Jo Seungki , Jung Sooho , Bae Jinhee , Vu Linh Ba , Park Kwi-Il , Kim Kyung Tae
Published: June 2024

The development of thermoelectric (TE) materials to replace Bi2Te3 alloys is emerging as a hot issue with the potential for wider practical applications. In particular, layered Zintl-phase materials, which can appropriately control carrier and phonon transport behaviors, are being considered as promising candidates. However, limited data have been reported on the thermoelectric properties of metal-Sb materials that can be transformed into layered materials through the insertion of cations. In this study, we synthesized FeSb and MnSb, which are used as base materials for advanced thermoelectric materials. They were confirmed as single-phase materials by analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns. Based on electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity of both materials characterized as a function of temperature, the zT values of MnSb and FeSb were calculated to be 0.00119 and 0.00026, respectively. These properties provide a fundamental data for developing layered Zintl-phase materials with alkali/alkaline earth metal insertions.
Optimal extent of lymphadenectomy improves prognosis and guides adjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal cancer: A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Tang Ji-Ming , Huang Shu-Jie , Chen Qi-Bin , Wu Han-Sheng , Qiao Gui-Bin
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The optimal extent of lymphadenectomy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients remained debatable.

AIM

To explore the ideal number of cleared lymph nodes in ESCC patients undergoing upfront surgery.

METHODS

In this retrospective, propensity score-matched study, we included 1042 ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy from November 2008 and October 2019. Patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. We collected patients’ clinicopathological features and information regarding lymph nodes, including the total number of resected lymph nodes (NRLN), and pathologically diagnosed positive lymph nodes (RPLN). SPSS and R software were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

Among the included 1042 patients, two cohorts: ≤ 21 (n = 664) and > 21 NRLN (n = 378) were identified. The final prognostic model included four variables: T stage, N, venous thrombus, and the number of removed lymph nodes. Among them, NRLN > 21 was determined as an independent prognosticator after surgery for esophageal cancer (hazards regression = 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.50-0.87, P = 0.004). A nomogram was created based on the regression coefficients of the variables in the final model. In the training cohort, the predictive model displayed an uncorrected five-year overall survival C-index of 0.659, with a bootstrap-corrected C-index of 0.654. In the subgroup analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy was beneficial in the subgroup with NRLN > 21 and RPLN ≤ 0.16 and NRLN ≤ 21 and RPLN > 0.16.

CONCLUSION

NRLN > 21 was an independent prognostic factor after ESCC surgery. The combination of NRLN and RPLN may provide a reference for adjuvant chemotherapy use in potential beneficiaries.
Robotic-assisted low anterior resection for rectal cancer shows similar clinical efficacy to laparoscopic surgery: A propensity score matched study
Authors: Long Shen-Xiang , Wang Xin-Ning , Tian Shu-Bo , Bi Yu-Fang , Gao Shen-Shuo , Wang Yu , Guo Xiao-Bo
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Rectal cancer ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating surgical resection as the sole treatment option. Over the years, there has been a growing adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques such as robotic and laparoscopic approaches. Robotic surgery represents an innovative modality that effectively addresses the limitations associated with traditional laparoscopic techniques. While previous studies have reported favorable perioperative outcomes for robot-assisted radical resection in rectal cancer patients, further evidence regarding its oncological safety is still warranted.

AIM

To conduct a comparative analysis of perioperative and oncological outcomes between robot-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted low anterior resection (LALAR) procedures.

METHODS

The clinical data of 125 patients who underwent robot-assisted low anterior resection (RALAR) and 279 patients who underwent LALAR resection at Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from December 2019 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. After performing a 1:1 propensity score matching, the patients were divided into two groups: The RALAR group and the LALAR group (111 cases in each group). Subsequently, a comparison was made between the short-term outcomes within 30 d after surgery and the 3-year survival outcomes of these two groups.

RESULTS

Compared to the LALAR group, the RALAR group exhibited a significantly earlier time to first flatus [2 (2-2) d vs 3 (3-3) d, P = 0.000], as well as a shorter time to first fluid diet [4 (3-4) d vs 5 (4-6) d, P = 0.001]. Additionally, the RALAR group demonstrated reduced postoperative indwelling catheter time [2 (1-3) d vs 4 (3-5) d, P = 0.000] and decreased length of hospital stay after surgery [5 (5-7) d vs 7(6-8) d, P = 0.009]. Moreover, there was an observed increase in total cost of hospitalization for the RALAR group compared to the LALAR group [10777 (10780-11850) dollars vs 10550 (8766-11715) dollars, P = 0.012]. No significant differences were found in terms of conversion rate to laparotomy or incidence of postoperative complications between both groups. Furthermore, no significant disparities were noted regarding the 3-year overall survival rate and 3-year disease-free survival rate between both groups.

CONCLUSION

Robotic surgery offers potential advantages in terms of accelerated recovery of gastrointestinal and urologic function compared to LALAR resection, while maintaining similar perioperative and 3-year oncological outcomes.
Risk factors associated with intraoperative persistent hypotension in pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Wang Xing-Jun , Xuan Xi-Chen , Sun Zhao-Chu , Shen Shi , Yu Fan , Li Na-Na , Chu Xue-Chun , Yin Hui , Hu You-Li
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Intraoperative persistent hypotension (IPH) during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is linked to adverse postoperative outcomes, yet its risk factors remain unclear.

AIM

To clarify the risk factors associated with IPH during PD, ensuring patient safety in the perioperative period.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of patient records from January 2018 to December 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University identified factors associated with IPH in PD. These factors included age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, comorbidities, medication history, operation duration, fluid balance, blood loss, urine output, and blood gas parameters. IPH was defined as sustained mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg, requiring prolonged deoxyepinephrine infusion for > 30 min despite additional deoxyepinephrine and fluid treatments.

RESULTS

Among 1596 PD patients, 661 (41.42%) experienced IPH. Multivariate logistic regression identified key risk factors: increased age [odds ratio (OR): 1.20 per decade, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.33] (P < 0.001), longer surgery duration (OR: 1.15 per additional hour, 95%CI: 1.05-1.26) (P < 0.01), and greater blood loss (OR: 1.18 per 250-mL increment, 95%CI: 1.06-1.32) (P < 0.01). A novel finding was the association of arterial blood Ca2+ < 1.05 mmol/L with IPH (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.65-2.50) (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

IPH during PD is independently associated with older age, prolonged surgery, increased blood loss, and lower plasma Ca2+.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage vs percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage in the management of malignant obstructive jaundice
Authors: Zhu Qin-Qin , Chen Bing-Fang , Yang Yue , Zuo Xue-Yong , Liu Wen-Hui , Wang Ting-Ting , Zhang Yin
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) is a condition characterized by varying degrees of bile duct stenosis and obstruction, accompanied by the progressive development of malignant tumors, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, the two most commonly employed methods for its management are percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage (PTBD) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD). While both methods have demonstrated favorable outcomes, additional research needs to be performed to determine their relative efficacy.

AIM

To compare the therapeutic effectiveness of EUS-BD and PTBD in treating MOJ.

METHODS

This retrospective analysis, conducted between September 2015 and April 2023 at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou), involved 68 patients with MOJ. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of surgical procedure received: EUS-BD subgroup (n = 33) and PTBD subgroup (n = 35). Variables such as general data, preoperative and postoperative indices, blood routine, liver function indices, myocardial function indices, operative success rate, clinical effectiveness, and complication rate were analyzed and compared between the subgroups.

RESULTS

In the EUS-BD subgroup, hospital stay duration, bile drainage volume, effective catheter time, and clinical effectiveness rate were superior to those in the PTBD subgroup, although the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The puncture time for the EUS-BD subgroup was shorter than that for the PTBD subgroup (P < 0.05). Postoperative blood routine, liver function index, and myocardial function index in the EUS-BD subgroup were significantly lower than those in the PTBD subgroup (P < 0.05). Additionally, the complication rate in the EUS-BD subgroup was lower than in the PTBD subgroup (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

EUS-BD may reduce the number of punctures, improve liver and myocardial functions, alleviate traumatic stress, and decrease complication rates in MOJ treatment.
Identifying the risk factors for pancreatic fistula after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Xu Hang , Meng Qing-Cai , Hua Jie , Wang Wei
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is a surgical procedure for treating pancreatic cancer; however, the risk of complications remains high owing to the wide range of organs involved during the surgery and the difficulty of anastomosis. Pancreatic fistula (PF) is a major complication that not only increases the risk of postoperative infection and abdominal hemorrhage but may also cause multi-organ failure, which is a serious threat to the patient’s life. This study hypothesized the risk factors for PF after LPD.

AIM

To identify the risk factors for PF after laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with pancreatic cancer.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 201 patients admitted to the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between August 2022 and August 2023 who underwent LPD for pancreatic cancer. On the basis of the PF’s incidence (grades B and C), patients were categorized into the PF (n = 15) and non-PF groups (n = 186). Differences in general data, preoperative laboratory indicators, and surgery-related factors between the two groups were compared and analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.

RESULTS

The proportions of males, combined hypertension, soft pancreatic texture, and pancreatic duct diameter ≤ 3 mm; surgery time; body mass index (BMI); and amylase (Am) level in the drainage fluid on the first postoperative day (Am > 1069 U/L) were greater in the PF group than in the non-PF group (P < 0.05), whereas the preoperative monocyte count in the PF group was lower than that in the non-PF group (all P < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI > 24.91 kg/m² [odds ratio (OR) =13.978, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.886-103.581], hypertension (OR = 8.484, 95%CI: 1.22-58.994), soft pancreatic texture (OR = 42.015, 95%CI: 5.698-309.782), and operation time > 414 min (OR = 15.41, 95%CI: 1.63-145.674) were risk factors for the development of PF after LPD for pancreatic cancer (all P < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curve for BMI, hypertension, soft pancreatic texture, and time prediction of PF surgery were 0.655, 0.661, 0.873, and 0.758, respectively.

CONCLUSION

BMI (> 24.91 kg/m²), hypertension, soft pancreatic texture, and operation time (> 414 min) are considered to be the risk factors for postoperative PF.
Clinical study of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis and acute biliary pancreatitis with persistent organ failure
Authors: Xu Mu-Sen , Xu Jia-Le , Gao Xin , Mo Shao-Jian , Xing Jia-Yu , Liu Jia-Hang , Tian Yan-Zhang , Fu Xi-Feng
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are novel inflammatory indicators that can be used to predict the severity and prognosis of various diseases. We categorize acute pancreatitis by etiology into acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) and hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTGP).

AIM

To investigate the clinical significance of NLR and PLR in assessing persistent organ failure (POF) in HTGP and ABP.

METHODS

A total of 1450 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis (AP) for the first time at Shanxi Bethune Hospital between January 2012 and January 2023 were enrolled. The patients were categorized into two groups according to the etiology of AP: ABP in 530 patients and HTGP in 241 patients. We collected and compared the clinical data of the patients, including NLR, PLR, and AP prognostic scoring systems, within 48 h of hospital admission.

RESULTS

The NLR (9.1 vs 6.9, P < 0.001) and PLR (203.1 vs 160.5, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the ABP group than in the HTGP group. In the HTGP group, both NLR and PLR were significantly increased in patients with severe AP and those with a SOFA score ≥ 3. Likewise, in the ABP group, NLR and PLR were significantly elevated in patients with severe AP, modified computed tomography severity index score ≥ 4, Japanese Severity Score ≥ 3, and modified Marshall score ≥ 2. Moreover, NLR and PLR showed predictive value for the development of POF in both the ABP and HTGP groups.

CONCLUSION

NLR and PLR vary between ABP and HTGP, are strongly associated with AP prognostic scoring systems, and have predictive potential for the occurrence of POF in both ABP and HTGP.
How to apply ex-vivo split liver transplantation safely and feasibly: A three-step approach
Authors: Zhao Dong , Xie Qiu-Hua , Fang Tai-Shi , Zhang Kang-Jun , Tang Jian-Xin , Yan Xu , Jin Xin , Xie Lin-Jie , Xie Wen-Gui
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Given the current organ shortage crisis, split liver transplantation (SLT) has emerged as a promising alternative for select end-stage liver disease patients.

AIM

To introduce an ex-vivo liver graft splitting approach and evaluate its safety and feasibility in SLT.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the liver transplantation data from cases performed at our center between April 1, 2022, and May 31, 2023. The study included 25 SLT cases and 81 whole liver transplantation (WLT) cases. Total ex-vivo liver splitting was employed for SLT graft procurement in three steps. Patient outcomes were determined, including liver function parameters, postoperative complications, and perioperative mortality. Group comparisons for categorical variables were performed using the χ² -test.

RESULTS

In the study, postoperative complications in the 25 SLT cases included hepatic artery thrombosis (n = 1) and pulmonary infections (n = 3), with no perioperative mortality. In contrast, among the 81 patients who underwent WLT, complications included perioperative mortality (n = 1), postoperative pulmonary infections (n = 8), abdominal infection (n = 1), hepatic artery thromboses (n = 3), portal vein thrombosis (n = 1), and intra-abdominal bleeding (n = 5). Comparative analysis demonstrated significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (176.0 vs 73.5, P = 0.000) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (42.0 vs 29.0, P = 0.004) at 1 wk postoperatively, and in total bilirubin (11.8 vs 20.8, P = 0.003) and AST (41.5 vs 26.0, P = 0.014) at 2 wk postoperatively. However, the overall incidence of complications was comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that the total ex-vivo liver graft splitting technique is a safe and feasible approach, especially under the expertise of an experienced transplant center. The approach developed by our center can serve as a valuable reference for other transplantation centers.
Novel magnetic compression technique for the treatment of postoperative anastomotic stenosis in rectal cancer: A case report
Authors: Zhang Miao-Miao , Sha Huan-Chen , Xue Hai-Rong , Qin Yuan-Fa , Song Xiao-Gang , Li Yun , Li Yu , Deng Zheng-Wu , Gao Yu-Lin , Dong Fang-Fang , Lyu Yi , Yan Xiao-Peng
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The treatment of postoperative anastomotic stenosis after excision of rectal cancer is challenging. Endoscopic balloon dilation and radial incision are not effective in all patients. We present a new endoscopy-assisted magnetic compression technique (MCT) for the treatment of rectal anastomotic stenosis. We successfully applied this MCT to a patient who developed an anastomotic stricture after radical resection of rectal cancer.

CASE SUMMARY

A 50-year-old man had undergone laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery at a local hospital 5 months ago. A colonoscopy performed 2 months ago indicated that the rectal anastomosis was narrow due to which ileostomy closure could not be performed. The patient came to the Magnetic Surgery Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University after learning that we had successfully treated patients with colorectal stenosis using MCT. We performed endoscopy-assisted magnetic compression surgery for rectal stenosis. The magnets were removed 16 d later. A follow-up colonoscopy performed after 4 months showed good anastomotic patency, following which, ileostomy closure surgery was performed.

CONCLUSION

MCT is a simple, non-invasive technique for the treatment of anastomotic stricture after radical resection of rectal cancer. The technique can be widely used in clinical settings.
Colo-colonic intussusception as a rare complication of colonoscopy with polypectomy: Two case reports
Authors: Xiang Sai-Heng , Xu Guo-Qiang
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Colonoscopy is the most frequently used diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the treatment of colorectal diseases. Although the complication rate is low, it can be potentially serious. Intussusception is a rare and severe complication often associated with polypectomy. Only a handful of post-colonoscopy intussusception cases have been reported, making this study a valuable addition to the medical literature.

CASE SUMMARY

Case 1: A 61-year-old man underwent colonoscopy with polypectomy for chronic abdominal pain. The patient experienced abdominal pain 11 hours later but was still discharged after pain management. He was readmitted due to recurring pain. Computed tomography (CT) showed colo-colonic intussusception. Initial conservative management and attempts at endoscopic reduction failed; therefore, laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed tubular adenomas in the polyps and inflammation in the resected specimens. Case 2: A 59-year-old woman underwent colonoscopy with polypectomy for a polyp in the transverse colon. She experienced upper abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting 9 hours after the procedure. Emergency CT and blood tests revealed a colo-colonic intussusception near the hepatic flexure and an elevated white blood cell count. Initial attempts at endoscopic reduction failed and conservative treatment showed no improvement. She underwent successful laparoscopic reduction and recovered uneventfully. Histopathological examination of the resected polyp revealed hyperplasia.

CONCLUSION

Post-colonoscopy intussusception in adults is rare, and polypectomy may contribute to its occurrence. Early diagnosis is crucial, with prompt CT examination serving as key. After excluding malignancies, conservative management and reduction of intussusception should be considered before surgical bowel resection.
Resection of polyps involving the appendiceal orifice by combined endo-laparoscopic surgery: Two case reports
Authors: Zhang Yue-Yi , Lu Jun-Yang , Wang Qiang , Yang Ai-Ming
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The management of polyps involving the appendiceal orifice (AO) presents notable challenges. Endoscopic resection is frequently hindered by operational complexities, a heightened risk of incomplete removal, and an elevated risk of procedural complications, including appendicitis. Conversely, surgical resection may entail unnecessary excision of intestinal segments, leading to potential morbidity.

CASE SUMMARY

Here, we reported two patients who presented with polyps deeply situated within the AO, with indistinct boundaries making it challenging to ensure completeness using traditional endoscopic resection. To overcome these challenges, we employed combined endo-laparoscopic surgery (CELS), achieving curative resection without postoperative complications.

CONCLUSION

The application of CELS in managing polyps involving the AO is emerging as a safe and effective treatment modality.
Prediction of Tribological Behavior of Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene Polymer Matrix Composites Employing Copper Powders
Authors: Jatti Vijaykumar S. , Saiyathibrahim A. , Murali Krishnan R. , Balaji K.
Published: June 2024

This research examines the impact of different amounts of copper (Cu) powder on
the wear characteristics of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)–Cu composites.
Various formulations of ABS–Cu composites have been produced using injection
molding, with different amounts of surfactant. Wear properties were evaluated by
conducting tribological testing in accordance with ASTM standards. The findings
indicated a decrease in wear loss, particularly when using a mixture consisting
of 23% ABS, 70% Cu, and 7% surfactant. Machine learning regression algorithms
successfully forecasted wear behavior with R-squared values over 0.97. The
models used in the analysis included linear, stepwise linear, tree, support
vector machine (SVM), efficient linear, Gaussian progression, ensemble, and
neural network regression models. This research emphasizes the significance of
composite materials in fulfilling contemporary technical requirements. The
acquired insights enable the development of materials with customized wear
characteristics. These findings have important consequences for a range of
industrial applications.
In-Process Welding of Castings
Authors:   AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Published: June 2024

This specification defines the requirements for in-process correction of foundry discontinuities by manual welding of castings.
Steel, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 0.75Mn - 0.78Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.35Mo - 0.20V (0.33 - 0.38C) (4335 Mod)
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: June 2024

This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
Standard Practice for Production, Distribution, and Procurement of Metal Stock
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: June 2024

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes requirements applicable to metal stock that is ordered and produced in accordance with an SAE Aerospace Material Specification (AMS). Topics include producer requirements, distributor requirements, size and grain orientation nomenclature, and purchaser ordering information to distributors. Requirements of this document have been developed to address titanium and titanium alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, carbon and alloy steels, and corrosion- and heat-resistant alloys.
The impacts of word attack strategies in improving students’ reading skill: A sequential explanatory mixed methods study
Authors: Adamu Chanyalew Enyew
Published: June 2024

This study sought to examine the effects of meaning and visual word attack instructional strategies on the reading skills of students focusing on Grade 6 students at one primary school in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed to explore the impact of these strategies on students' reading skills. A sample of 30 Grade 6 students was selected from an intact classroom using a purposive sampling technique. The students were assessed using a pre-test-post-test design, with the pre-test administered before the intervention and the post-test administered after the intervention. The results showed that the word attack instructional strategies significantly improved students' reading skills, as measured by a paired samples t-test. Furthermore, the qualitative results revealed improvements in students' self-confidence, motivation, and participation in reading activities. The findings suggest that incorporating word attack strategies into reading lessons can have a positive impact on students' reading skills and overall reading experiences.
The effects of interactive writing instructional method on the Amharic writing skills of students with hearing impairment
Authors: Getahun Etagegne Gedefaw , Asefaw Getachew Endalamaw
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to explore the impact of the interactive writing instructional method on the Amharic writing skills of grade seven students with hearing impairment. A single-group experimental design was employed, involving seven participants selected using the comprehensive sampling technique due to the small study group size. The school was also selected purposefully. Data were collected through pretest and posttest methods, which were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. The results showed a significant improvement in students' writing skills, with a mean score increase from 34.10 in the pretest to 62.07 in the posttest, representing a notable 32.36-point average score difference between the two tests. Furthermore, the analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in writing skills between the pre-and post-intervention results. The results of the study suggest that the interactive writing instructional method has a positive effect on improving Amharic writing skills among students with hearing impairment.
The Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study (IbPCS), a Prospective Cohort Study Protocol
Authors: Adeoye I.A , Bamgboye E.A , Omigbodun A.O
Published: June 2024

Maternal obesity is a neglected public health challenge in Nigeria, even though it's associated with adverse metabolic, pregnancy, postpartum outcomes and future risk of non-communicable diseases. The Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study (IbPCS) investigates maternal obesity, lifestyle factors and the associated pregnancy and postpartum outcomes in Ibadan, Nigeria. IbPCS is an ongoing prospective cohort study that enrolled 1745 pregnant women at ≤ 20 weeks gestation at their first antenatal visit from four health facilities in Ibadan. Maternal body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle characteristics (Physical Activity - PA and Dietary Pattern) were assessed during enrollment using the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire and a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. The follow-up of participants was at 24 -28 weeks, third trimester, delivery and the postpartum period. Biomarkers (blood glucose and lipids) were assessed during the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test conducted between 24 – 28 weeks' gestation after an overnight fast. Baseline characteristics were: age (29.8±5.3 years), BMI (26.2±7.1kg/m2), primigravida (32.4%) , married (94.2%) , and tertiary level education (68.3%). This study will provide the preventive tools and lifestyle modification strategies required to mitigate the adverse effect of maternal obesity on maternal and child health and a future epidemic of cardio-metabolic diseases in Nigeria
Midwives’ Perception and Practice of Respectful Maternity Care During Pregnancy and Childbirth in Selected Health Facilities in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojong I.N , Chukwudozie C.C , Nsemo A.D , Enebeli E.C
Published: June 2024

Respectful maternity care is a care organized for and provided to all women in a manner that maintains their dignity, privacy and confidentiality, ensures freedom from harm and mistreatment and enables informed choice and continuous support during labour and childbirth. This study examines midwives’ perception and practice of respectful maternity care during labour and childbirth. The study adopted a correlational design. The study setting was Cross River State and the sites for the study were the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital and General Hospital Calabar. Two different populations were used. Midwives total was population (144 midwives). Data were collected using a structured self-explanatory questionnaire (with test-retest r of 0.86) and an observational checklist. Data were analysed using SPSS 25 and presented using descriptive and inferential statistics, hypotheses were tested using population t-test and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. Findings from the study revealed midwives had a moderate (6.6/10) level of knowledge of respectful maternity care and a positive perception towards respectful maternity care. The practise of respectful maternity care was significantly high (p<0.05).However, some aspect of disrespect still exits (27% for self-reported, 42.8% for observed). Statistically significant relationship exists between the knowledge and practice of respectful maternity care and also between perception and practice of respectful maternity care (p>0.05).Midwives should seek to understand the views of women and their families on issues relating to their care, this will contribute immensely to the development and implementation of appropriate intervention
Molecular Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Food Samples with Potentials for Bacteriocin Production
Authors: John G.E , Lennox J.A
Published: June 2024

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are naturally found as part of fermented food products and other foodstuff. These organisms are used in the fermentation of vegetables to improve their nutritional value, acceptability, palatability, as well as microbiological qualityand shelf life. Standard microbiological techniques were used to examine 85 different food products for the presence of LAB. The crowded plate approach was used to screen distinct isolates for bacteriocin producing capacity. PCR-based techniques (16S rRNA) were used to identify and characterize lactic acid bacteria associated with food products that have the potential to produce bacteriocins. A total of five hundred and sixty-one (561) lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the food samples of which only 8 (1.42 %) were positive for bacteriocin production. The best five isolates from the 14 with an inhibition zone of 20 mm and more were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum strain PMM09-2528L, Lactobacillus acidophilus strain NK-S10, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain IFM 63517, Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain M6 and Pediococcus cellicola strain PMM-25. These bacteriocinogenic LAB can be used in the formulation of starter cultures and for commercial use in the biopreservation of vegetables and other food products.
Development of government policies and their implications on refugee protection in Kenya 1964 - 2016
Authors: Herbert Misigo Amatsimbi
Published: June 2024

This journal article reviews Kenya’s refugee policy from 1964 to 2016. Since independence, Kenya has accommodated refugees from neighbouring East African countries due to its perceived political stability, except for the 2007 - 2008 post-election violence. Since 1964, Kenya has developed a number of refugee polices in order to address the changing nature of refugee problems in the country. This paper looks at the formulation, articulation, implementation, and impact of diverse refugee policies in Kenya. The paper used a descriptive literature review to gather, collate, analyse, and present data. The paper demonstrates that, during the first two decades of independence, Kenya's tiny refugee population was manageable on a reasonable basis. The country's social, economic, and political stability was unaffected by this small number of asylum seekers. However, the number of migrants applying for asylum in Kenya has significantly increased since 1991. The increase in refugees has been linked to terrorism and the increase in unlawful weapons in the country, both of which have compromised national security and peace. Furthermore, refugees have been accused of distorting the feeble economy through engaging in illicit business activities. Therefore, the government of Kenya has developed policies and legislation to regulate refugees in the country. The paper contends that the diverse policies and legislations have significantly adversely impacted refugees in the country.