bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Products and Residues of Liquefaction of Wheat Straw & Polyester in Supercritical Ethanol
Authors: Long Zhu , Long Yu Feng , He Jun Jun , Deng Hai Bo
Published: May 2011

The mixture of wheat straw (WS) and polyester (PC) was liquefied in supercritical ethanol. Liquefied products produced and liquefied residue from the liquefaction under different supercritical conditions were analyzed by GC-MS, SEM and IR. GC-MS analysis of the liquefied products indicates that ethanol would decompose. And the most compounds in the liquefied product had the structure of phenol and phenol derivatives, which came from the degradation products of PC and WS. SEM analysis show that the wheat straw powder possessed larger particles with smooth surfaces while the residue from liquefaction had smaller particles with rough surfaces because of drastically degraded from the wheat straw powder surface under supercritical conditions. FT-IR analysis showed that the lignin was easily degraded during the liquefaction process, and also found to the cellulose is very difficult to liquefy for its crystalline structure.
The Kinetics of Oxygen Delignification of Reed Kraft Pulp (I)-Kinetics of Delignification
Authors: Pan Xiao Feng , Ma Le Fan , Qu Qin Qin , Lan Jia Liang , Tan Li Hong
Published: May 2011

The kinetics of reed kraft pulp oxygen delignification process is studied, suitable kinetics model determined is -dk/dt=Aexp(-E/RT) [OH-]b[PO2]cKa, and the parameters in the model is calculated. The function for estimation of the kappa number at different reaction time is established for the reed kraft pulp oxygen delignification process. The reaction order fitted is 6.72 for delignification (a), 0.87 for alkali concentration (b), and 0.62 for oxygen pressure(c), respectively. The activation energy E is 80.96KJ/mol and frequency factor A 1.5×104.
Differences in Fiber Properties and Basic Wood Density in Triploid Hybrids of Populus Tomentosa
Authors: Zhang Ping Dong , Wu Feng , Kang Xiang Yang
Published: May 2011

In forest breeding programs, growth has typically been used as a selection trait of prime importance inPopulus tomentosa,whereas less attention has been given to fiber characteristics and basic wood density. Given this context, we investigated phenotypic relationships between different fiber properties, growth and basic wood density traits in nine triploid clones and one diploid clone based on a clonal trial established in 2004 in northern China. We found that fiber width showed, on average (1.4%), the lowest phenotypic variation followed by fiber length (2.2%), coarseness (5.3%). Basic wood density showed, on average (1.9%) phenotypic variation. All phenotypic correlations between fiber properties were positive (p＜0.05), ranging from moderate to strong, suggesting that selection for one trait could simultaneously affect other traits. Phenotypic correlations, on average, were quite weak but positive between growth and fiber properties and slightly negative between basic wood density and different fiber properties (p＜0.05). Individually, some of the triploid clones showed negative correlation between growth traits and fiber length. As a result, selection for fiber properties alone could reduce overall stem volume and would not directly indicate basic wood density traits and vice versa.
Harvesting Microalgae Biomass by Instant Dissolved Air Flotation at Batch Scale
Authors: Lin Zhe , Kuang Ya Li , Leng Yun Wei
Published: May 2011

A instant air dissolution flotation method was used to harvest microalgal cells from culture to evaluate its feasibility. Effects of microalgae cell density, coagulant dosage, flocculant dosage, surfactant dosage and duration of air dissolution on recovery rate were studied by orthogonal experiment. The results show that the optimal recovery rate reaches 89.57% under one of the test combination conditions. The factors can be ordered by coagulant dosage, cell density, flocculant dosage, air dissolution duration and surfactant dosage according to their effect degree on recovery rate, and coagulant dosage, cell density were the marked factors when confidence level was given as 90%. Under test conditions, recovery rate rides up when the coagulant dosage increase, and the optimal dose of flocculant appears at 20 mg·L-1. As seawater medium contains salts which own the similar fuction like surfactant, surfactant do not affect the recovery rate significantly. The time of air dissolution should not be too long, a 2-second duration is enough to providing dissolved air, and the recovery rate may reduce because of the disturbance induced by the redundant air.
Study on the Colloid Chemistry Behavior in Domestic Old Book Paper (DOBP) Deinking System
Authors: Zhang Xiao Lin , Han Qing
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the domestic old book paper(DOBP) was subjected to deinking process. Surface and colloid characterisitics of DOBP deinking pulp(DIP) system was investigated. The relation between surface and colloid characterisitic changes and efficiency of deinking (brightness and residual ink particles content) was studied. Technical conditions that affect the deinking pulp’s colloid chemical behavior were also analyzed here.The results showed that colloid-chemical behavior of DOBP deinking system could be changed during the deinking process. The colloid-chemical behavior, such as Zeta potential and surface tention, had a certain corresponding relation with deinking efficiency of DOBP deinking system. When Zeta potential of the deinking system was more great, and surface tension was more low in a certain range(Zeta potential was -17.0~ -16.0mV and surface tension was 59.0~61.0mN/m), brightness and ink removal efficiency of DOBP will be improved.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Silane Coupling Agents/Basalt Fiber Interface
Authors: Liu Ya Lan , Shen Shi Jie , Zhang Li , Shao Ling Min
Published: May 2011

In this paper, two types of fiber surface treatment methods, namely heat treatment and chemical coupling, were used to improve the basalt fiber surface properties. The basalt fiber surface was heated under 250Celsius degree for 30minites, and then was treated by silane coupling agent ethanol solution with different concentrations. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to study the surface chemical compositions of basalt fiber after treatments. The XPS analysis indicated that chemical bonds between basalt fiber and KH-550 have occurred, and silanols were adsorbed to the surface of basalt fibers by an ether linkage between the silanols and the hydroxyl groups of the fibers. When the concentration of KH-550 is 0.8wt%, the optimal bonding condition is formed between basalt fiber and silane coupling agent.
Detached Eddy Simulation of the Turbulent Flow in a Stirred Tank
Authors: Yang Feng Ling , Zhou Shen Jie , Wang Gui Chao
Published: May 2011

In the present work, detached eddy simulation (DES) of the turbulent flow in an unbaffled stirred tank agitated by a six-pitched-blade turbine was carried out. The sliding mesh (SM) approach was applied to simulate the rotation of the impeller. For comparison, the computations based on the large eddy simulation (LES) model and RANS equations closed with Reynolds stress model (RSM) were also performed. The instantaneous velocity fluctuations, mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy profiles were analyzed and compared with the laser doppler velocimetry (LDV) results from literature. Results show that DES model can capture the unsteady turbulent flow characteristics accurately. The mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy profiles by the DES model are in good agreements with the LES results and the LDV data. Besides, the computational cost of DES is only about 80% of LES. By contrast, the results obtained by RSM are not so good. It can be concluded that the DES model can produce as similarly good predictions as LES with less computational cost, and can work as an alternative of the LES model in predicting the hydrodynamics in the stirred tanks.
Study on the Uniform Distributed Mechanics of Ink Droplet in Inkjet Printing Equipment
Authors: Chen Qi Feng , Yuan Shi Lin , Chen Guang Xue , Tang Bao Lin , Tai Jing Lei
Published: May 2011

This paper studied on the hydrokinetics and uniform distributed mechanics of supplying ink pressure for the inkjet printing system based on the, and the advanced testing equipment. According to the analysis of theoretical calculation and CFD, we designed a new type of equipment for supplying ink, including the structure of the transition pipe. This supplying ink equipment could make the ink droplets distribute under the equal pressure on the cross direction. The experiments showed that this new supplying ink equipment could make the ink droplets distribute under the equal pressure and uniform velocity on the cross direction, so it greatly improved the imaging effects for the inkjet printing system.
Microstructure Formation in Pb-30wt.%Bi Peritectic Alloy
Authors: Hu Xiao Wu , Yan Hong , Chen Wen Jing
Published: May 2011

A rich variety of two-phase microstructures have been shown to form in the directionally solidified Pb-30wt.%Bi alloy. The selection of microstructure is shown to be depended upon the value ofG/V(temperature gradient in the liquid divided by growth rate). The microstructure evolution is also discussed based on the competitive growth of different phase at variousG/Vratios in directional solidification. Experimental results indicate that the primary a phase is the leading phase and grows with a dendritic/cellular microstructure while the peritectic b phase grows with cellular/planar microstructure in interdendritic/intercellular region at lowG/Vvalue. In contrast, competitive structures but not the discrete banded structure is present at highG/Vratio which makes the primary and secondary phase to grow with planar/cellular interface.
Simulation Study of Gas-Solid Macro-Mixing Characterization in Small Fixed-Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Liu Wen Jing , Zhao Hui , Yang Chao He , Shan Hong Hong
Published: May 2011

In fixed-fluidized bed reactor, laboratory evaluation of different catalyst, raw materials and process parameters can be implemented, so it has wide applications in the refining process. In this study, we focused on small fixed-fluidized bed reactor, using Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model, simulated the gas-solid flow behavior in it. Gas residence time distribution was measured in order to characterize macro-mixing. At the same time, by changing the reactor structure and operating conditions, we studied their effects on gas-solid macro-mixing characterization. The results show that the effects of structural parameters are larger than operating conditions, and different parameters have different effects. Different parameters can be adjusted to change the gas-solid macro-mixing characterization in small fixed-fluidized bed reactor. Therefore, the small fixed-fluidized bed reactor can provide better results in more application areas.
Simultaneous Resolution of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride Enantiomers and Propranolol Hydrochloride Enantiomers using Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Yu Jin Gang , Huang Du Shu
Published: May 2011

Resolution of clenbuterol hydrochloride enantiomers and propranolol hydrochloride enantiomers was achieved by thin-layer chromatography using methyl-β-cyclodextrin impregnated silica gel GF254 plates. The effects of stereoselective auxiliary (acetonitrile/different alcohols) were studied. Resolution of clenbuterol hydrochloride enantiomers could be realized by alcohols such as ethanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol or tert-butanol together with acetonitrile, and propranolol hydrochloride enantiomers could only be resoluted by ethanol or n-butanol together with acetonitrile. The optical conditions of simultaneous resolution were obtained as follows: 15.00g silica gel GF254 plates impregnated with 1.00g methyl-β-cyclodextrin, acetonitrile/n-butanol (V/V = 90:10) mixed solvent as spreading solvent, being resolved under ambient temperature. Under these conditions, RF value of resolution of clenbuterol hydrochloride enantiomers is 3.47, RF value of resolution of propranolol hydrochloride enantiomers is 3.35. The two couples of enantiomers were all achieved base line separation.
Experimental Study on Desulfurized Gypsum Modified Magnesium Oxychloride Cement
Authors: Zhang Zhi Jie , Li Tao , Liu Ping An
Published: May 2011

The influences of desulfurization gypsum on the properties of both Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) pastes and MOC abrasive tools were investigated in this study. By incorporating desulfurization gypsum in the MOC pastes, the compressive strength of MOC paste improved slightly. With 5% gypsum addition, the flexural strength of MOC pastes increased by 36%, the abrasion loss of MOC abrasive tools decreased by 35%, the strength softening coefficient greatly increased. The mechanism maybe due to the microstructure of the MOC pastes became more compact with gypsum adding, the rate of hydrolyzation reaction of MOC phases would be postponed.
Automatic Packing Machine Hopper of Six-Prism Pastel
Authors: Tai Jiing Lei , Chen Guang Xue , Chen Qi Feng , Tang Bao Ling , Zhuo Xiao Yong
Published: May 2011

Currently, in almost all stationery business, pastel, which is product with excellent performance and high value-added, is completely artificial packaged. Pastels have many colors (24, 36, 48, 54, etc.), and packaging workers are apt to confuse the colors of pastels which are loaded sequentially. To achieve rapid and orderly pastel packaging, it is necessarily to complete by automatic machinery. Unlike crayons, pastel is soft and easy to deformation, abrasion, adhesion. And six-prism pastel is easy to arching in hopper, leading to poor blanking. Therefore, present automatic packaging machine of crayon is unable to be used for pastel packaging. For the six prism Pastels automatic packaging machine, there are two problems to be solved: first, feed hopper and drop method, and second, the manner and control of orderly loading pastel into prop box. This study only considers the hopper, and blanking mode. The final hopper including bins, anti-bridging picks, kick wheel, blanking roller, etc. basically achieve controllable smooth six-prism pastel blanking.
The Two-Dimensional Flow Analysis of Continuous Spiral Reamer Bionic Structure on the Basis of ANSYS
Authors: Zhang Bai Qing , Zhu Hua , Liu Mei Ying
Published: May 2011

In order to improve the stratification of clay materials in the spiral reamer, we use "bionics method" to modify the structure of the spiral reamer, namely, to add corrugated shape structure to the cutter and hub. Through the analysis of ANSYS software, it is found that corrugated fractal structure can both improve the stratification of clay materials, and increase the yield as well.
Flow-Field Analysis and Performance Prediction of Pressure-Exchange Ejector
Authors: Zhao Wen Jing , Hu Da Peng , Liu Pei Qi , Dai Yu Qiang , Rong Chun
Published: May 2011

In order to transfer energy between two fluids directly and more efficiently, a novel pressure-exchange ejector was designed, and a multi-period numerical model considering leakage and gradual opening and closing of the ports was set up. The numerical model was validated by experiment and results proved that it could capture the shock wave accurately and predict the performance of pressure-exchange ejector effectively. The pressure waves in one working cycle and the flow field were displayed based on numerical simulation. Results shew that the energy was transfered by pressure waves and the vortexes generated during gradual opening and closing process led to a significant mixing between fluids and a distortion contact interface. Finally the effects of rotary speed and the gaps between ports and channels were investigated. With the increase of the inlet gap, the performance of the device reduced, while the outlet gap had a slight influence on performance. Besides, there was an optimal rotary speed for a fixed geometrical arrangement.
Optical Properties of Chromophores with Different Six-Membered N-Heterocyclic Aromatic Ring
Authors: Peng Hai Tao , Cui Yue Zhi , Zhang Tao , Zhang Yang , Guan Hai Xing
Published: May 2011

A series of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) molecules containing six-membered N-heterocyclic electron acceptors, as well as their phenyl analogue, have been synthesized. The pyrazine derivatives exhibit the largest quantum yield, stokes shift and the longest emission maxima wavelength due to the appropriate electronegativity of pyrazine, while the triazine derivative has much lower quantum yield due to its too strong ICT. The methyl groups at N-heterocyclic rings also have influence on the optical properties by disturbing the molecular dipole moment.
Control Strategy and Simulation Analysis for Auto Electric Power Steering System
Authors: Chen Li Na
Published: May 2011

This paper, while introduce development trend, basic structure and working principle for auto power steering system, is analyzing on characteristic curve of steering force in steering system. The paper proposed a control mode for electric power steering system, which, analyzing control strategy for power steering system based on control module, providing a new design thought and method for electric power steering system using MATLAB simulation analysis for steering dynamic features of electric power steering system and affects of road obstruction on steering system performance.
Research on Heat Transfer Enhancement of Shutter Baffle Heat Exchanger
Authors: Gu Xin , Wang Yong Qing , Dong Qi Wu , Liu Min Shan
Published: May 2011

A new concept of “Sideling Flow” in shell side of shell-and-tube heat exchanger is presented, which is relative to the cross flow, longitudinal flow and helical flow in heat exchanger. A type of new energy saving shell-and-tube heat exchanger with sideling flow in shell side, shutter baffle heat exchanger is invented, which exhibits the significant heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance reducement performance. The “Field Synergy Principle” is adopted to analyze the heat transfer enhancement mechanism of sideling flow, it is indicated that the shutter baffle heat exchanger exhibits the perfect cooperativity between velocity field and temperature grads field. Effects of the structure and processing parameters on the fluid flow and heat transfer are also investigated through numerical simulation, both the correlative equations of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in shell side are deduced, which provide references for the design and popularization of this new type heat exchanger.
Effects of Cd and Cd-Cu Doping on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of NiMnCoO NTC Ceramics
Authors: Na Guo , Li Ya Dong
Published: May 2011

The precursors of CdxNi1-xCo0.2Mn1.8O4(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3) and Cd0.2Cu0.1Ni0.7Co0.2Mn1.8O4negative temperature coefficient (NTC) ceramics were prepared at room temperature by the solid reaction. These precursors were calcined and then sintered in air at 1100°C. Influence of the Cd and Cd-Cu doping on the microstructure and electrical properties of the NTC ceramics were investigated by X-ray diffraction and SEM technique. The results showed that Cd doping was conducive to reduce the grain size, increase density, and obtain high thermal stability.
Manufacture and Application of High Efficiency Boiling Tube for Heat Exchanger
Authors: Liu Jing Lei , Dai Yu Lin , Xia Xiang Ming , Xu Hong , Wang Xue Sheng
Published: May 2011

Surface with micro-porous layer can enhance the boiling heat transfer efficiency of tube. The novel nucleate boiling tubes were manufactured by sinter-bonding metal particles on the outside surface. Two conventional bare tube reboilers were revamped with the novel tubes. Industrial application revealed that the revamps effectively increased the heat duty of reboilers with small heat transfer area and reduced heat transfer temperature difference across the heat exchanger. Porous surface tube was beneficial to heat transfer and operating cost.
Preparation and Characterization of Cerium Hexaboride Nanometer Powders by Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Dou Zhi He , Zhang Ting An , He Ji Cheng
Published: May 2011

High-purity and homogeneous powders of CeB6 with nanometer size were prepared by combustion synthesis and subsequent acid- leaching. The effects of reactant ratio on the phase and morphology of the combustion product were discussed. The combustion product and leached product were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results indicate that the combustion product consists of CeB6, MgO and Mg3B2O6. The combustion products are denser and less layered when the Mg content and KClO3 content increase. The content of CeB6 in the combustion product could be enhanced with increasing the excessive content of Mg. The purity of CeB6 is higher than 99.0% and its particles are smaller than 150nm.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Property of Cu3V2O8 Prepared by Liquid Phase Precipitation
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Qiong
Published: May 2011

Cu3V2O8powder was prepared by the liquid phase precipitation method and characterized using XRD , SEM and BET. The photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange in Cu3V2O8powder suspension was investigated using 20w UV light as light source．The result shows that the the liquid-phase precipitation method is a simple and effective method for Cu3V2O8powder preparation. It was found that the sample prepared with the n(V)/n(Cu)moral ratio be 2/3, pH=7 and calcinated under 750°C for 4 hours was pure triclinc Cu3V2O8phase.
Cellulose Saccharification after Ultrasonic- Assisted Ionic Liquid [Amim][ HCOO] Pretreatment
Authors: Liu Zhen , Lu Lei Ming
Published: May 2011

In this study we used 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazole formate ([Amim][HCOO]) as ionic liquid to pre-treat the cellulose and determined the rate of polymerization and enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that pretreatment with ([Amim][HCOO]) significantly decreased the cellulose polymerization. As the pretreatment temperature went up, the enzymatic hydrolysis rate was first increased and then decreased. The maximal enzymatic hydrolysis rate was achieved when the pretreatment temperature was 90°C. Under the ultrasonic condition, the initial rate of enzymatic hydrolysis for the ionic liquid-treated cellulose was up to 11.10 gL-1h-1, which was 33% increase compared to the untreated cellulose. Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared-Raman Spectroscop (FT-IR) analysis showed that ionic liquid- treated cellulose started to depolymerize. In addition, the crystallinity of the cellulose was significantly decreased after pretreatment with ionic liquid.
Preparation and Properties of Cage-Like Octaaminopropyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hybrid Materials
Authors: Zhang Xiao Jing , Wang Chao Jun , Sun Jia Shu , Han Xi Niu
Published: May 2011

A series of hybrid materials involving cage-like octaaminopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and Polyvinyl alcohol(OAPS/PVA) were prepared via solution blending method. The hybrid systems were characterized by FT-IR, scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray(EDS), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), thermogravimetry analysis(TGA) and tensile test. The results show that hydrogen bond interactions are formed between OAPS and PVA and OAPS has a good dispersion in PVA matrix. The glass transition temperature(Tg) of OAPS/PVA increases from 53°C to 61°C, while the melting temperature(Tm) decreases from 180°C to 173°C with increasing OAPS content from 0% to 12%. The thermal stability of PVA main chain is improved by the addition of OAPS and the residue ratio also increases. The tensile strength of OAPS/PVA decreases from 39MPa to 16MPa, while the elongation at break of hybrid films increases from 148% to 351%.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Bi2Se3 Hexagonal Nanosheet Crystals
Authors: Liu Hai Tao , Dai Jun , Zhang Jia Jia , Xiang Wei Dong
Published: May 2011

Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) hexagonal nanosheet crystals with uniform size were successfully prepared via a solvothermal method at 160°C for 22 h using bismuth trichloride(BiCl3) and selenium powder(Se) as raw materials, sodium bisulfite(NaHSO3) as a reducing agent, diethylene glycol(DEG) as solvent, and ammonia as pH regulator. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize the obtained products. Results show that the as-synthesized samples are pure Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals. A possible growth mechanism for Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals is also discussed based on the experiment.
A New Preparation Method for Amorphous Co-B Alloys Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhong Guo Qing , Zhong Qin , Zhou Hong Liang , Jia Yu Qing
Published: May 2011

The Co–B alloy can be prepared facilely by a solid-solid reaction of CoCl2•6H2O and KBH4 powders at room temperature. Various characterizations, such as the chemical analysis, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP), powder X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and TEM have been performed. The results indicate that the Co-B alloy obtained by the solid-solid reaction is amorphous nanoparticles. The composition of the alloy is Co1.36B. The average diameter of the Co–B alloy nanoparticles is 30nm–50nm. The room temperature solid-solid reaction is mainly a surface reaction. The direct solid solid reaction between the borohydride and some metal-salts is thermodynamically possible. This simple preparation method may also be used for the large-scale production of the amorphous nanoparticles of some metal-boron alloys.
Synthesis of Semi-Terminated Silica Nanotubes
Authors: Liu Ming Xing , Hu Ting , Liu Dong Lin , Wang Xian Wen , Chen Kun
Published: May 2011

The two-step anodization process was adopted for the preparation of Al/Al2O3(AAO) template with about 100 nm porous diameter. Then, the semi-terminated silica nanotubes were synthesized with the AAO template by the sol-gel method. The AAO template and semi-terminatedsilica nanotubeswere observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The results showed that the porous diameter was increased with the increasing of the electrolyte concentration, the electrolysis temperature and the anodic oxidation voltage, respectively. The formation of semi-terminated silicon nanotubes might be important relationship with the method of embedding silane sol into the porous, drying temperature and drying time of AAO template with the sol-gel silica precursor.
Mechanical Properties of Secondary Wall and Compound Corner Middle Lamella near the Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) Adhesive Bond Line Measured by Nanoindentation
Authors: Liang Kun , Du Guan Ben , Hosseinaei Omid , Wang Si Qun , Wang Hui
Published: May 2011

To find out the penetration of PF into the wood cell wall and its effects onthe mechanical properties in the cellular level, the elastic modulus and hardness of secondary wall (S2layer) and compound corner middle lamella (CCML) near PF bond line region were determined by nanoindentation. Compare to the reference cell walls (unaffected by PF), PF penetration into the wood tissues showed improved elastic modulus and hardness. And the mechanical properties decreased slowly with the increasing the distance from the bond line, which are attributed to the effects of PF penetration into S2layer and CCML. The reduced elastic modulus variations were from18.8 to 14.4 GPa for S2layer, and from10.1 to 7.65 GPa for CCML. The hardness was from 0.67 to 0.52 GPa for S2layer, and from 0.65 to 0.52 GPa for CCML. In each test viewpoint place, the average hardness of CCML was almost as high as that of S2layer, but the reduced elastic modulus was about 50% less than that of S2layer. But the increase ratio of mechanical properties was close. All the results showed PF penetrates into the CCML. The penetration behavior and penetration depth from bond line were similar in both S2layer and CCML.
Effect of In Situ Surface Modificated Nano-Zinc Oxide on the Curing Structure and Property of Natural Rubber Conventional Vulcanization
Authors: Chen Yue Hui , Deng Li , Man Zhong Biao , Yang Miao
Published: May 2011

In-situ surface modificated nano-zinc oxide was prepared in sol-gel method and the microscopic structure of the zinc oxide particles was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The influence of the nano-zinc oxide on the physical properties of NR vulcanizates was investigated, and the vulcanizates heat-resistant oxygen aging property was studied by the hot air accelerated aging method. Therefore, not only can the strength and elongation properties of vulcanizates greatly be improved, but aslo the heat oxygen aging property of vulcanizate rubber was extremely promoted.
One Step Synthesis of Europia Nanoparticles via Thermal Decomposition of Europium Propionate Crystals
Authors: Chen Wei Fan , Li Yong Xiu , Li Hui Quan
Published: May 2011

Eu2O3nanoparticles were fabricated by thermal decomposition of europium propionate crystals, which can be facilely obtained via crystallization. The decomposition and morphlogy of the crystallized product were characterized by X-ray diffractionmetry (XRD), simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of the calcination temperature on the resultant microstructures such as crystallinity, particle size and particle dispersibility were investigated by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated the morphology of the as-calcined products shows transmissibility compared with the precursor and that the calcination temperature of europium propionate is crucial to evolution of the resultant morphology from three-dimensional network of agglomerated nanoparticles to dispersed nanoparticles.
Growth of SiC and SiO2 Nanostructures Prepared from Rice Husk Ash Using Carbon-Metal Assisted
Authors: Kantee Samred , Mahachai Panya , Pukird Supakorn
Published: May 2011

This work suggested the growth of SiC and SiO2nanostructures from heating of rice husk ash and carbon-metal assisted. The rice husk was boiled in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution with temperature of around 90 °C for 1 hour, and then washed in distilled water and dried under the sun. The dried acid-treated rice husk was burned in the furnace with normal air for 1 hour, then high purity SiO2was produced. The high silica ash mixed with Cu or SnO2powder and coconut shell charcoal were grounded for mixtures powder. The mixtures powder and Si substrates were placed on the alumina boat and put in the middle of furnace. The furnace was heated at high temperature under atmosphere of argon gas. The heated products and Si substrates were studied by X-rays diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The SiC and SiO2nanostructures were observed.
Photonic Band-Gaps in Porous Silicon Based Mirrors with a Ellipse Profile Refractive Index
Authors: Li Shuan Ming , Zhong Fu Ru , Jia Zhen Hong , Tian Min
Published: May 2011

We investigate the use of ellipse refractive index structure to enlarge photonic band-gap (PBG). The PBG structure was prepared on porous silicon with 10 unit cell. Each unit cell is consisting of 21 layers with the refractive index varying according to the envelope of the ellipse function. The width of this photonic band-gap is high to 451nm.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Monodisperse α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Hong , Jie Yan , Luo Hong , Feng Xue
Published: May 2011

Monodisperse α-Fe2O3nanoparticles with average particle size of 110 nm were successfully prepared using olyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as surfactant via a novel hydrothermal route. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experiments results revealed that PVP and the concentration of NH4HCO3have played a crucial role in the formation of the monodisperse a-Fe2O3nanoparticles.
Preparation and Characterization of Vitamin a Palmitate-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Delivery Systems for Food Products
Authors: Kong Rong , Xia Qiang , Liu Guang Yu
Published: May 2011

Vitamin A Palmitate-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers were prepared by High Pressure Homogenization (HPH) technique. The influences of storage conditions such as time and temperature on the physical and chemical storage stability of VAP-NLCs were studied in details. Preparation and physicochemical properties of VAP lipid nanoparticles were investigated using various analytical equipments such as TEM, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), laser diffractometry (LD) and ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The respective optimal HPH pressure and cycles were 70MPa and 5 cycles, so VAP-NLC dispersions under the optimized condition gave rise to the entrapment efficiency (EE) of 99.8%, PI of 0.234, mean diameter of 144±1.7 nm (2% VAP loading capacity). In addition, VAP lipid nanoparticle has a distinct spherical shape, its particle sizes were around 60–330 nm according to VAP contents and zeta potential values -18~-23 mV. Furthermore, the pH of VAP-NLC dispersion was near to 7.0. This study showed that VAP-NLC could hopefully be applied for food products.
Investigation and Screening of Superior ECM Fungi Strains for Plantation in South China
Authors: Li Lin , Zhou Guo Ying , Liu Ju Nang , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2011

The ectomycorrhizal fungi resource ofPinus massonianaandChinese Firforest had been investigated in the places of Hunan and YunNan Province. There were 17 species belong to 6 families and 9 genera. All the collected ectomycorrhizal fungi were separated by tissue isolation method, and 12 strains were obtained, which belong to 7 genera of 4 families. The preliminary selection results showed that there were 6 strains presented the better culture characteristics, which wereSeleroderma polyrhizum Pers.,Scleroderma cepa Pers.,Calvatia craniiformis(Schw.)Fr.,Lactarius hatsudake Tanaka,Lactarius deliciosus(Fr)Gray.,Russula puellaris Fr.. Then these 6 strains were cultivated between every two among them, the results showed that the group of LS3/RHG1 was the optimal combination, the next were the groups of LGD-2/La-HZ3 and LS3/La-HZ3. The groups of A3/ La8 showed antagonism to each other, so it was not suitable to be combined for inoculation. These research results will provide the important technical support for expanding propagation of ECM fungi and mycorrhizal technology application inPinus massonianaandChinese Firplantation.
Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Oil from Camellia(Camellia oleifera abel) Seed
Authors: Wu Xue Hui , Li Li
Published: May 2011

Camellia oil is the main component of the camellia seed and has many beneficial functions to human health. An investigation into ultrasound- assisted extraction was conducted for the oil extraction from camellia seed. The optimized condition of extraction parameters obtained with the response surface methodology (RSM) at a four-variable, three-level experiment Box–Behnken design (BBD), was as follows: liquid-solid ratio, 5mL/g;ultrasonic power,155W;ultrasonic treatment time,31 min; and ultrasonic treatment temperature, 55°C, under these conditions, the oil yeild was 44.55%. GC–MS analysis showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acid in camellia oil was up to 84.47% and the content of oleic acid was over 76.15%.
Synthesis of SiO2 Hierarchical Nanostructure on Carbon Nanowire
Authors: Ding Yan Hong , Tang Yuan Hong , Yang Yang
Published: May 2011

A novel SiO2hierarchical nanostructure standing on carbon nanowires is synthesized by using the hydrothermal method without any metallic catalysts. Its surface morphology, microstructure and composition are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscope, respectively. The results show that this new nanostructure is consisted of core-shell-branches C@SiO2/SiO2. The cores are the single-crystalline carbon nanowire, and the shells and branches are the amorphous SiO2. Growth mechanisms are discussed.
The Competitive Growth of BiOI and BiSI in the Solvothermal Process
Authors: Fa Wen Jun , Li Pin Jiang , Zhang Yan Ge , Guo Li Li , Guo Jia Fan , Yang Feng Ling
Published: May 2011

BiOI nanolamellas and BiSI nanowires were synthesized using Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, (NH2)2CS and I2 as reactants in the solvothermal process with ethanol as the system media. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS). The competitive growth of BiOI and BiSI were investigated by changing the quantity of (NH2)2CS. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed.
Effects of Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bulk Nanocrystalline Fe3Al Based Alloy with 10 Wt. % Mn Prepared by Aluminothermic Reaction
Authors: La Pei Qing , Guo Xin , Yang Yang , Cheng Chun Jie , Lu Xue Feng , Wei Yu Peng
Published: May 2011

Microstructure and mechanical properties of bulk nanocrystalline Fe3Al based alloy with 10 wt. % Mn prepared by aluminothermic reaction after annealing at 600, 800 and 1000°C for 8 h were investigated in order to gain insights in effects of annealing. Crystal structure of the alloy did not change and a fiber phase with enriched Mn appeared in the annealed alloy. Grain size of the alloy changed a little after annealing at 600°C but increased a lot after annealing at 800 and 1000°C. The annealed alloy had plasticity in compression at room temperature and the alloy annealed at 1000°C had yield strength of 782 MPa. The alloy without annealing has creep properties in compression at 800 and 1000°C and can be easily hot rolled to strip and sheet.
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Fluorocarbon Nano Material
Authors: Hu Jian Ping , Yu Mei , Liu Jian Hua , Li Song Mei , Shi Jun Xiu
Published: May 2011

In this article, preparation approach of a novel fluorocarbon nano material was described. The molecule structure, thermal properties and morphology characterization of the fluorocarbon nano material were studied out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravity and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). It was showed that the basic molecule structure of the fluorocarbon nano material was same as the raw material (FKM) except that a new C=C bond was produced in the fluorocarbon nano material at 1624cm-1. It was demonstrated that the morphology of the fluorocarbon nano material was unattached particles with particle size between 40-60nm under TEM. From TG-DTA curves, it was indicated that the fluorocarbon nano material was high thermal stabile, which oxidizing decomposing temperature in air and thermal decomposing temperature in N2 were 322°C and 295°C, respectively. The XRD pattern showed that the diffraction peak of amorphous carbon was disappeared when the fluoronano material was baked in air at 350°C, and this result validates the oxidizing decomposing of the fluorocarbon nano material at 322°C of the TG-DTA curve.
Fractionation and Structural Characterization of Peach Kernel Proteins
Authors: Zhu Zhen Bao , Yi Jian Hua , Li Jing Juan
Published: May 2011

The major protein fractions of peach kernel was extracted and isolated by Osborne’s method. The proteins were then characterised by gel electrophoresis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) in order to elucidate its nature and structural properties. It was shown that albumins (85 g/100 g) and globulins(9 g/100 g) were the main components of the protein extract. Glutelins and prolamins are minor components (＜2 g/100 g). Sodium dodecylsul- phate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE) revealed a number of proteins with molecular masses ranging from approximately 20 to 63 kDa for peach kernel proteins; All the curves of DSC had two distinct endothermic peaks; One of The denaturation temperature (Td1) for various peach kernel proteins was less than 60°C, and the other (Td2) was more than 90°C. SEM showed that various proteins had some difference in microstructure .
Effects of Na2SO4 Concentrations on Electrodeposition of ZnO Film
Authors: Wang Li Da , Liu Gui Chang , Xue Dong Feng
Published: May 2011

The effects of Na2SO4concentrations on the electrochemical deposited ZnO films have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that Na2SO4concentration plays a very important role in directing the growth of films from rod-like ZnO to plate-like zinc hydroxysulfate under fast hydroxylation. At a lower Na2SO4concentration, the ZnO nanorods tend to be produced on the substrate. At a higher Na2SO4concentration, zinc hydroxysulfate plates can be preferentially formed.
The Influence Research of Cu2+ on CuXFe1-XO•Fe2O3 Magnetic Fluids
Authors: Ji Ye , Shao Hui Ping , Guo Zhi Meng , Yang Dong Hua
Published: May 2011

In order to increase the magnetic fluids in target-based cancer treatment, the Cu2+has been studied in this study. The Fe3O4and Cu0.1Fe0.9O•Fe2O3magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasonic emulsion method, and then disperse them into water with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as surfactants to make magnetic fluids. The cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4and Cu0.1Fe0.9O•Fe2O3nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD).The saturation magnetization of Fe3O4and Cu0.1Fe0.9O•Fe2O3were 79.55 emu•g-1and 75.90 emu•g-1by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The morphologies of nanoparticles were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The particle size was uniform 10-20 nm, and their shape was approximately spherical. The Cu0.1Fe0.9O•Fe2O3magnetic particle functional group and the surface of particle coated with SDBS have been detected by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The magnetic fluids with a high saturation magnetization and stability have been prepared successfully in this study.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Hollow Spheres Self-Assembled by ZnO Nanocrystals
Authors: Meng Xiao Min , He Ai Min
Published: May 2011

Nano-sized hollow spheres self-assembled by ZnO nanocrystals have been prepared by microemulsion method with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (DBS) as the modifying and protecting agent. The product was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high High-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The results showed that the hollow sphere was composed of ZnO nanocrystals. And the PL spectrum showed a different emission at 438 nm. After heated the product, PL emission peak changed. A possible formation mechanism was also proposed.
The Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Coating by Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Jiang Xian Kai , Gu Ji You , Zhang Yan Hua
Published: May 2011

Mechanical properties of polyurethane coating were improved by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) via in situ polymerization and blending polymerization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement was employed to assess the influence of acid treatment on MWNTs. Mechanical properties analysis of polyurethane coatings including tensile strength, elastic modulus, hardness, flexibility, impact resistance were employed to assess the improvement of mechanical properties of polyurethane coating by MWNTs. The results indicated that MWNTs could improve the mechanical properties of polyurethane coatings, and the improvement of polyurethane coatings by MWNTs via in situ polymerization were better than via blending polymerization, and the improvement of polyurethane coatings by acid-treated MWNTs were better than by raw MWNTs.
Formation of Nanoporous Gold by Chemical Dealloying of an AlAu Intermetallic Compound
Authors: Lin Ji Kui , Zhang Zhong Hua
Published: May 2011

Here, we report the synthesis of nanoporous gold (NPG) with a uniform structure by chemical dealloying of an AlAu intermetallic compound under free corrosion conditions. The length scales of ligaments/channels in NPG can be tuned by changing the dealloying solution. We verify that Cl-can accelerate the surface diffusion of Au atoms and induce the coarsening of ligaments/channels in NPG. In addition, a metastable intermediate Al2Au5phase appears during the dealloying of AlAu.
Preparation of Cu2O-TiO2 Nanocomposite in Ethylene Glycol System and its Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Li Long Feng , Zhang Mao Lin
Published: May 2011

The nano-scale Cu2O-TiO2 couple oxide photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by the homogeneous hydrolysation, followed by the solvothermal crystallization and ethylene glycol-thermal reduction process, respectively. The obtained photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), showing that the crystal phase composition and the crystal size of the prepared photocatalyst were affected by the ethylene glycol-thermal reduction temperature. The photocatalytic activity of Cu2O-TiO2 was also evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) as a model compound. The results showed that the prepared Cu2O-TiO2 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of MO than the pure Cu2O and the commercial Degussa P25 TiO2 under visible light irradiation.
Electric Characteristics of MgO-Doped TiO2 Nanocrystalline Film in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Li Ling , Yang Xi Chuan , Gao Jia Jia , Zhao Jian Zhang , Hagfeldt Anders , Sun Li Cheng
Published: May 2011

TiO2 were doped with MgO by thermal hydrolysis, The photoelectrochemical properties of the 1%MgO-doped TiO2 ﬁlm matched with organic dye TH305 were better than those of the anatase TiO2 ﬁlm. The conduction band of the MgO doped nanostructured TiO2 synthesized negatively shifted by 60 mV, compared to that of undoped TiO2.
Extraction, Purification and Antioxidant Activity of Intracellular Polysaccharides from a Strain of Lachnum sp.
Authors: Ye Ming , Yuan Ru Yue , Qiu Tao , Cai Jing Min
Published: May 2011

The microwave method was used to extract Lachnum calyculiforme polysaccharides (LCP). By orthogonal experiments, the optimal conditions of extraction were the microwave temperature was 120 °C, extraction time was 20 min, ratio of water to raw material was 60:1, and the yield of polysaccharides was 12.56 %. LCP-1 was separated and sequentially purified from LCP through Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, which was detected as the homogeneous component. LCP -1 had strong scavenging abilities on O2ˉ•, •OH and DPPH free radicals.
Characterization and Structure of Ni-AlN Nanocomposite Layers Fabricated by Pulse Electro-Deposition 19
Authors: Ma Chun Yang , Wu Meng Hua , Wan Jia Gui , Qu Zhi Jia
Published: May 2011

The pulse electro-deposition (PED) has been successfully applied for fabricating nanocomposite layers on the surface of steel substrates. The Ni-AlN nanocomposite layers were fabricated by mixing a given amount of AlN particles in electrolyte ultrasonically. The composition and surface morphology of the layers were investigated by means of XRD and SEM. The results showed that the Ni-AlN nanocomposite layers consisting of nickel grains (~68.27 nm) and AlN nanoparticles (~38.46 nm) had been obtained on the surface of steel substrates by PED. The Ni-AlN layer exhibited a compact surface morphology in micro-regions, and the grain sizes in the Ni layer were greater than that in the Ni-AlN nanocomposite layer.
Synthesis of MoO3 Nanorods by a Solution Method
Authors: Du Kai , Wei Rong Hui , Li Li Ben , Wei Shi Zhong
Published: May 2011

MoO3 nanorods were synthesized by a solution method with stirring and ultrasound. The formation temperature of MoO3 nanorods were studied by XRD. The particle-size and morphology were characterized by TEM. The diameter of nanorods was ca. 60nm.