bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subjective impacts of computerized cognitive training for healthy older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Viviani Cristiane Benedita Rodrigues da Mota Antunes , Ordonez Tiago Nascimento , Pereira Andreia Rodrigues , Jardim Karen de Souza , Borges Jonatas da Hora , Mota Lais Aparecida Pereira , Santos Gabriela dos , Moreira Ana Paula Bagli , Verga Cássia Elisa Rossetto , Ishibashi Graciela Akina , Silva Guilherme Alves da , Moraes Luiz Carlos de , Lessa Patrícia Prata , Gutierrez Beatriz Aparecida Ozello , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Silva Thais Bento Lima da
Published: April 2023

Background Computerized cognitive training programs may have benefited the self-assessment of memory, quality of life, and mood among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Objective To determine the subjective impacts of computerized cognitive training on mood, frequency of forgetfulness, memory complaints, and quality of life in the elderly using an online platform.

Methods In total, 66 elderly participants of USP 60 + , a program for the elderly offered by Universidade de São Paulo, who voluntarily enrolled in the study were selected and randomized with an allocation ratio of 1:1 into 2 groups: the training group (n = 33) and the control group (n = 33). After signing the free and informed consent form, they answered a protocol which included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Memory Complaints Questionnaire (MAC-Q), the McNair and Kahn's Frequency of Forgetfulness Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire. The training cognitive game platform aimed to stimulate various cognitive aspects, including memory, attention, language, executive functions (reasoning, logical thinking), and visual and spatial skills.

Results The participants of the training group showed a reduction in the MAC-Q, MacNair and Kahn, and GAI scores in the pre- and posttest comparison. Significant differences were identified between the groups regarding the total scores of the MAC-Q in the post-test, which was also evidenced by the logistic regression.

Conclusion Participation in a computerized cognitive intervention promoted reductions in memory complaints, frequency of forgetfulness, and anxiety symptoms, in addition to improving self-reported quality of life.
Digitalisierung und Prozessoptimierung: Interoperabilität im Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein
Authors: Hasenbein Nicole
Published: April 2023

Den Neubauten folgt die digitale Vernetzung: Im Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein schreitet die Digitalisierung weiter voran und schafft die Voraussetzung für interoperable Prozesse. Klingt theoretisch? Drei Beispiele aus dem Alltag zeigen, wie Interoperabilität praktisch umgesetzt werden kann.
Nachhaltigkeit: Vergaberechtliche Verfahren für umweltfreundliche Produkte und Dienstleistungen gestalten
Authors: Kühn Matthias
Published: April 2023

Kliniken möchten möglichst nicht nur preisgünstig beschaffen, sondern oft auch unter Berücksichtigung von Nachhaltigkeitszielen. Dieser Artikel zeigt einige wichtige „Stellschrauben„, um umweltbezogenen Aspekten ein Gewicht in Ausschreibungen der Klinik einzuräumen, oder um dahingehenden gesetzlichen Pflichten nachzukommen.
Das erste Gehalt – Das müssen Sie jetzt darüber wissen
Authors: Beier Toralf J.
Published: April 2023

Wer von Ihnen als gestandene*r Therapeut*in erinnert sich nicht an den ersten Gang zum Bankschalter bzw. zum Bankautomaten, im Hinterkopf die Frage: „Hoffentlich hat mein Arbeitgebender auch mein erstes Gehalt pünktlich und komplett überwiesen.“ Dem vorausgegangen waren nervenaufreibende Wochen vor, während und nach den ersten Bewerbungsgesprächen. Und wenn diese dann in der Frage vom zukünftigen potenziellen Arbeitgebenden mündeten: „Wie viel Gehalt haben Sie sich vorgestellt?“, dann waren viele Bewerber*innen der inneren Erschöpfung nahe.
Economic and legal approaches to the humanization of FinTech in the economy of artificial intelligence through the integration of blockchain into ESG Finance
Authors: Kazachenok Olesya P. , Stankevich Galina V. , Chubaeva Natalia N. , Tyurina Yuliya G.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the article is to study the current experience and prospects of the humanization of FinTech in the economy of artificial intelligence. The research methodology is based on the use of the method of structural equation modeling (SEM). The study analyzes statistics for 2021–2022 (annual indicators). The sample included 118 countries. As a result, the modern international experience of FinTech humanization in the economy of artificial intelligence has been studied and the causal relationships of FinTech humanization in the economy of artificial intelligence through the integration of blockchain into ESG finance have been identified. The article proposes an economic and legal approach to the humanization of FinTech in the economy of artificial intelligence by integrating blockchain into ESG finance to ascertain the economic and political implications. The article contributes to the literature by clarifying the scientific provisions of the concept of the humanization of the economy. The theoretical significance of the obtained results is that the developed model (SEM) and the detailed regression equations have formed a comprehensive understanding of the patterns of humanization of FinTech. The resulting econometric model can be used to predict prospects for the development of blockchain-based ESG finance, as well as high-precision planning of state economic policy. The practical significance of the authors’ conclusions and recommendations is that they have formed a clear idea of modern barriers (“market failures” and “institutional traps”) and prospects (improvement of the institutional environment through the application of an economic and legal approach) to the humanization of FinTech in the economy of artificial intelligence through the integration of blockchain into ESG finance.
Effects of electron heating and surface rippling on Rayleigh–Taylor instability in radiation pressure acceleration
Authors: Wu X. Z. , Shou Y. R. , Guo Z. B. , Lu H. G. , Liu J. X. , Wu D. , Gong Z. , Yan X. Q.
Published: April 2023

The acceleration of ultrathin targets driven by intense laser pulses induces Rayleigh–Taylor-like instability. Apart from laser and target configurations, we find that electron heating and surface rippling, effects inherent to the interaction process, have an important role in instability evolution and growth. By employing a simple analytical model and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we show that the onset of electron heating in the early stage of the acceleration suppresses the growth of small-scale modes, but it has little influence on the growth of large-scale modes, which thus become dominant. With the growth of surface ripples, a mechanism that can significantly influence the growth of these large-scale modes is found. The laser field modulation caused by surface rippling generates an oscillatory ponderomotive force, directly modulating transverse electron density at a faster growth rate than that of ions and eventually enhancing instability growth. Our results show that when surface deformation becomes obvious, electron surface oscillation at 2ω0 (where ω0 is the laser frequency) is excited simultaneously, which can be seen as a signature of this mechanism.
Physics-constrained 3D convolutional neural networks for electrodynamics
Authors: Scheinker Alexander , Pokharel Reeju
Published: April 2023

We present a physics-constrained neural network (PCNN) approach to solving Maxwell’s equations for the electromagnetic fields of intense relativistic charged particle beams. We create a 3D convolutional PCNN to map time-varying current and charge densities J(r, t) and ρ(r, t) to vector and scalar potentials A(r, t) and φ(r, t) from which we generate electromagnetic fields according to Maxwell’s equations: B = ∇ × A and E = −∇φ − ∂A/∂t. Our PCNNs satisfy hard constraints, such as ∇ · B = 0, by construction. Soft constraints push A and φ toward satisfying the Lorenz gauge.
The contribution of femtosecond laser filaments to positive and negative breakdown discharge in a long air gap
Authors: Pei Zhehao , Chen Weijiang , Fan Xing , Gu Jianwei , Huang Shengxin , Liu Xiaosong , Fu Zhong , Du Bin , Wang Tiejun , Zhang Rui , Zhang Qiaogen
Published: April 2023

Discharges of different polarities develop in different modes, resulting in different guiding effects by femtosecond laser filaments. Knowledge of the contribution of laser filaments to positive and negative discharges is the basis of the laser-guided long-air-gap discharge technique. This study presents a direct comparison of the inception, propagation, and breakdown characteristics of discharges of both polarities. Long-air-gap discharge experiments under the switching impulses of both polarities are carried out under the same experimental conditions. Discharge modes and phases are also considered. The statistical results show that positive discharge inception voltages are transformed from a Weibull distribution into an exponential distribution under the influence of laser filaments, but there is little effect on the negative discharge inception voltage. The guidance probability of a positive discharge reaches 15% at most during the dark period stage, leading to little effect on the breakdown discharge probability. However, for negative discharges, the guidance probability can exceed 95%. An investigation of the filament contributions to both polarity discharges shows that the different migration directions of photoelectrons lead to a difference in the effects of laser filaments on inception voltages, and the difference in the connection of the two discharge passages leads to a difference in the guidance probability. Through the results of a simulation model, it is speculated that the connection condition for positive discharges is that the positive leader overlaps with the laser filaments, and, for negative discharges, the rod electrode is connected to the laser filaments through bi-directional discharge propagation.
Online fusion estimation method for state of charge and state of health in lithium battery storage systems
Authors: Liu Han , Cao Xinyu , Zhou Fengdao , Li Gang
Published: April 2023

To ensure the safe and reliable operation of Li-ion battery energy storage systems, it is important to diagnose the operational status and aging degree of the batteries. In this study, an online fusion estimation method based on back propagation neural network and genetic algorithm (BP-GA) is used for estimating the state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) of Li-ion batteries. First, the effective features of SoC and SoH of Li-ion batteries during charging and discharging are analyzed, and the relevant features are extracted. Subsequently, a conventional back propagation neural network (BPNN) for SoC and SoH estimation is described. The extracted feature quantities are then used as inputs to the neural network for the estimation of the SoC and SoH of Li-ion batteries. A comparison of the SoC and SoH estimation results using, respectively, a single BPNN and a fusion algorithm using a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the BPNN shows that the accuracy and efficiency of the estimation results using BP-GA are significantly higher than that of the BPNN. The experimental component of this paper is a comparison experiment using the Panasonic 18650PF and the real-world data from NASA. The results show that the feature extraction operation is relatively easy to perform and combined with the neural network method used in this paper can have good accuracy, reduce the complexity of the algorithm, and improve the detection efficiency.
Joule heating and Soret effects on an electro-osmotic viscoelastic fluid flow considering the generalized Phan-Thien–Tanner model
Authors: Hernández A. , Mora A. , Arcos J. C. , Bautista O.
Published: April 2023

This work analyzes the non-isothermal electro-osmotic fluid flow in a microchannel considering the Soret effect and temperature-dependent properties. The constitutive equation that models the fluid rheology corresponds to the generalized Phan-Thien–Tanner (gPTT) model. Temperature and pressure gradients are induced due to the interaction between an ionized fluid and the electrical field imposed at the microchannel's ends, resulting in Joule heating. The temperature-dependent physical properties of the fluid modify the ionic distribution in the electric double layer and its thickness change along the microchannel walls. The generalized Phan-Thien–Tanner (gPTT) model is used as a constitutive equation that describes the fluid rheology, where the trace-stress tensor is based on the Mittag–Leffler function, which represents the destruction of physical junctions and entanglements in the Lodge–Yamamoto network of viscoelastic fluids, through the inclusion of two fitting parameters: α and β. The gPTT model allows better fitting and flexibility to experimental data and a wider range of variation in the description of rheological responses of complex fluids. The hydrodynamics and thermodiffusion obtained through the gPTT model are compared against that using the linear form of the Phan-Thien–Tanner model (lPTT).
Weakly compatible fixed point theorem in intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces
Authors: Yue Chen , Abu-Donia H. M. , Atia H. A. , Khater Omnia M. A. , Bakry Mona S. , Safaa Eman , Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: April 2023

This study presents fundamental theorems, lemmas, and mapping definitions. There are three types of mappings: binary operators, compatible mappings, and sequentially continuous mappings. The symbols used to represent fuzzy metric spaces are intuitive. Icons were also used to prescribe a shared, linked fixed point in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space for two compatible and sequentially continuous mappings that satisfy ϕ-contractive conditions. To accomplish this, finding the intersection of both mappings was necessary.
Feature single-pixel imaging: What you see is what you want
Authors: Ni Mingyang , Deng Huaxia , Xiao Xingzhi , Cai Yu , Gong Xinglong
Published: April 2023

Traditional imaging technology is basically a “what you see is what you get” imaging method, providing images that resemble human vision for post-information acquisition and interpretation. This Letter proposes a feature single-pixel imaging technique that allows for direct imaging of specific features without the need for traditional image processing methods. This approach enables the imaging of a single feature at a remarkable ultra-low sampling ratio of 2% with a resolution of up to 128 × 128 pixels, operating at a frequency of 67 Hz, even in dynamic environments where the location of the target or background features may change. Additionally, the proposed method demonstrates the ability to selectively image defects on an integrated circuit wafer. This research offers a significant advancement in the development of single-pixel imaging for feature information acquisition and has immense potential for applications in various industries and daily life scenarios.
Notes in English retranslations of Mikhail Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita
Authors: Vid Natalia Kaloh
Published: April 2023

This paper focuses on paratextual elements in the form of endnotes and footnotes in four annotated English
translations of Mikhail Bulgakov’s most famous novel, The Master and Margarita. The paper aims to analyze the
translators’ perception of the reader’s cultural knowledge, what the translators believe the audience might not know that they
consider important, and the translators’ ability to recognize Bulgakov’s allusions and references. The paper explores the thematic
categories and the content of the notes to evaluate how they introduce the readers to a different cultural environment and to what
extent the notes are helpful to the reader. The empirical section is based on an analysis of more than five hundred footnotes and
endnotes divided into thematic categories. The importance of notes in understanding translators’ decisions based on assumptions
about what may be unfamiliar to the target audience has been extensively researched (Toledano-Buendia 2013; Landers 2001; Sanchez Ortiz 2015; Pellatt 2013). No scholarly
attention has so far been paid to any paratextual material connected to the English translations of Bulgakov’s The Master
and Margarita, which is one of the most often retranslated works of fiction of Russian classics.
Bilateral comparison of 1.018 V and 10 V standards between DEFNAT (Tunisia) and the BIPM, April to June 2022 (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b)
Authors: Solve Stephane , Chayramy Regis , Stock Michael , Zouaoui Jihène
Published: April 2023

Main text

As part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b, a comparison of the 1.018 V and 10 V voltage reference standards of the BIPM and the Laboratoire de Métrologie Électrique, DEFNAT (Tunisia), was carried out from April to June 2022. Two BIPM Zener diode-based travelling standards (Fluke 732B), BIPM_E (ZE) and BIPM_F (ZF), were transported by freight to DEFNAT to be measured and back to the BIPM for checking the stability of the traveling standards. At DEFNAT, the reference standard for DC voltage is a Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS). The output EMF (Electromotive Force) of each travelling standard was measured by direct comparison with the primary standard.

The final result of the comparison is presented as the difference between the values assigned to DC voltage standards by DEFNAT, at the level of 1.018 V and 10 V, at DEFNAT, U
DEFNAT, and those assigned by the BIPM, at the BIPM, U
BIPM, at the reference date of the 15th of May 2022.

U
DEFNAT - U
BIPM = 0.03 μV;  u
c = 0.03 μV, at 1.018 V

U
DEFNAT - U
BIPM = 0.44 μV;  u
c = 0.12 μV, at 10 V

where u
c is the combined standard uncertainty associated with the measured difference, including the uncertainty of the representation of the volt at the BIPM and at DEFNAT, based on K
J, and the uncertainty related to the comparison.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report on the EURAMET key comparison EURAMET AUV.V-K5
Authors: Winther J H , Bruns Th , Schiavi A , Bilgic E , Prasil Milan , Hynek Stanislav , Siejda Z , Ruiz S , Canu A , Alsubaey F N , Hof C , Andersson H
Published: April 2023

Main text

The results of the fifth EURAMET key comparison in the area of primary vibration calibration of the complex sensitivity, here concerning sinusoidal acceleration, are presented. This regional key comparison followed the previous CCAUV comparison over the extended frequency range from 10 Hz to 20 kHz. Measurement results reported by 11 participants for magnitude and phase shift of complex charge sensitivity of single ended and back-to-back accelerometers were compared. A link to the CCAUV.V-K5 with the respective Degrees of Equivalence is reported.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCAUV, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Fast D
M,M calculation in LDR brachytherapy using deep learning methods
Authors: Berumen Francisco , Enger Shirin A , Beaulieu Luc
Published: April 2023

Objective. The Monte Carlo (MC) method provides a complete solution to the tissue heterogeneity effects in low-energy low-dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy. However, long computation times limit the clinical implementation of MC-based treatment planning solutions. This work aims to apply deep learning (DL) methods, specifically a model trained with MC simulations, to predict accurate dose to medium in medium (D
M,M) distributions in LDR prostate brachytherapy. Approach. To train the DL model, 2369 single-seed configurations, corresponding to 44 prostate patient plans, were used. These patients underwent LDR brachytherapy treatments in which 125I SelectSeed sources were implanted. For each seed configuration, the patient geometry, the MC dose volume and the single-seed plan volume were used to train a 3D Unet convolutional neural network. Previous knowledge was included in the network as an r
2 kernel related to the first-order dose dependency in brachytherapy. MC and DL dose distributions were compared through the dose maps, isodose lines, and dose-volume histograms. Features enclosed in the model were visualized. Main results. Model features started from the symmetrical kernel and finalized with an anisotropic representation that considered the patient organs and their interfaces, the source position, and the low- and high-dose regions. For a full prostate patient, small differences were seen below the 20% isodose line. When comparing DL-based and MC-based calculations, the predicted CTV D
90 metric had an average difference of −0.1%. Average differences for OARs were −1.3%, 0.07%, and 4.9% for the rectum D
2cc, the bladder D
2cc, and the urethra D
0.1cc. The model took 1.8 ms to predict a complete 3D D
M,M volume (1.18 M voxels). Significance. The proposed DL model stands for a simple and fast engine which includes prior physics knowledge of the problem. Such an engine considers the anisotropy of a brachytherapy source and the patient tissue composition.
The electrical, and photosensitive behavior of diodes with rare earth elements (Yb and Er) doped sodium yttrium fluoride interfacial layer
Authors: Yiğit Evin , Sevgili Ömer , Orak İkram
Published: April 2023

This study presents the morphological, electrical, and photosensitive behavior properties of the Al/(NaYF

4

:Yb,Er)/p-Si structure. The (NaYF

4

:Yb,Er) used as an interfacial layer was deposited on a p-Si semiconductor using the thermal evaporation method. The surface morphological properties of the evaporated interfacial layer were examined using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The ideality factor of the structure increases from 3.58 at 320 K to 8.16 at 100 K with decreasing temperature, while the barrier height decreases from 0.80 eV at 320 K to 0.31 at 100 K with decreasing temperature in the same temperature range. The photosensitive behavior of the fabricated structure were investigated using UV-A lamp with 350 nm wavelength. The spectral responsivity, photosensitivity, and detectivity values for the Al/(NaYF

4

:Yb,Er)/p-Si structure were found to be 0.525 A.W−1, 2841.38, and 2.16 × 1011 Jones, respectively.
Multifunctional dielectric metasurface for independent holographic imaging and polarization imaging
Authors: Feng Junlang , Chen Wenqiong , Liu Rui , Mei Zhonglei
Published: April 2023

Holography is regarded as a promising imaging technology that reconstructs vivid images utilizing the principles of diffraction and interference of light. Meanwhile, grayscale imaging based on Malus’s law have been realized by manipulating polarization properties of scattering light. In this paper, we report a novel multiplexing imaging method by totally and independently controlling phase and polarization of light, which has the advantages of achieving totally independent imaging channels and being easier to be realized compared with the existing publications. As a proof of concept, a dielectric metasurface consisting of subwavelength nanobricks is designed and simulated, which operates at the wavelength of 850 nm. The simulation results indicate that when the metasurface is illuminated by a x-polarized plane wave, one grayscale image based on Malus’s law is projected on a plane 800 nm away from the metasurface, and another phase-only holographic image is reconstructed on a distant plane 8.4 um away. This method could be further applied in the fields of information encryption, multiplexing and anti-counterfeiting due to the two totally independent imaging channels.
The reconstructed CMB lensing bispectrum
Authors: Kalaja Alba , Orlando Giorgio , Bowkis Aleksandr , Challinor Anthony , Meerburg P. Daniel , Namikawa Toshiya
Published: April 2023

Weak gravitational lensing by the intervening large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe is the leading non-linear effect on the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The integrated line-of-sight mass that causes the distortion — known as lensing convergence — can be reconstructed from the lensed temperature and polarization anisotropies via estimators quadratic in the CMB modes, and its power spectrum has been measured from multiple CMB experiments. Sourced by the non-linear evolution of structure, the bispectrum of the lensing convergence provides additional information on late-time cosmological evolution complementary to the power spectrum. However, when trying to estimate the summary statistics of the reconstructed lensing convergence, a number of noise-biases are introduced, as previous studies have shown for the power spectrum. Here, we explore for the first time the noise-biases in measuring the bispectrum of the reconstructed lensing convergence.
We compute the leading noise-biases in the flat-sky limit and compare our analytical results against simulations, finding excellent agreement. Our results are critical for future attempts to reconstruct the lensing convergence bispectrum with real CMB data.
Numerical stochastic inflation constrained by frozen noise
Authors: Tomberg Eemeli
Published: April 2023

Stochastic inflation can resolve strong inflationary perturbations, which seed primordial
black holes. I present a fast and accurate way to compute these perturbations in typical black
hole producing single-field models, treating the short-wavelength Fourier modes beyond the de
Sitter approximation. The squeezing and freezing of the modes reduces the problem to one
dimension, and the resulting new form of the stochastic equations, dubbed `constrained stochastic
inflation,' can be solved efficiently with semi-analytical techniques and numerical importance
sampling. In an example case, the perturbation distribution is resolved in seconds deep into its
non-Gaussian tail, a speed-up of factor 109 compared to a previous study. Along the way, I
comment on the role of the momentum constraint in stochastic inflation.
Parametric resonances in axionic cosmic strings
Authors: Blanco-Pillado Jose J. , Jiménez-Aguilar Daniel , Queiruga Jose M. , Urrestilla Jon
Published: April 2023

In this letter we uncover a new parametric resonance of axionic cosmic strings.
This process is triggered by the presence on the string of internal mode excitations
that resonantly amplify the amplitude of transverse displacements of the string.
We study this process by running numerical simulations that demonstrate
the existence of this phenomenon in a (3+1) dimensional lattice field theory and
compare the results with the analytic expectations for the effective Lagrangian
of the amplitude of these modes and their interactions. Finally, we also analyze the
massless and massive radiation produced by these excited strings and
comment on its relevance for the interpretation of the results of current numerical
simulations of axionic cosmic string networks.
Transferable multi-modal fusion in knee angles and gait phases for their continuous prediction
Authors: Guo Zhenpeng , Zheng Huixian , Wu Hanrui , Zhang Jia , Zhou Guoxu , Long Jinyi
Published: April 2023

Objective. The gait phase and joint angle are two essential and complementary components of kinematics during normal walking, whose accurate prediction is critical for lower-limb rehabilitation, such as controlling the exoskeleton robots. Multi-modal signals have been used to promote the prediction performance of the gait phase or joint angle separately, but it is still few reports to examine how these signals can be used to predict both simultaneously. Approach. To address this problem, we propose a new method named transferable multi-modal fusion (TMMF) to perform a continuous prediction of knee angles and corresponding gait phases by fusing multi-modal signals. Specifically, TMMF consists of a multi-modal signal fusion block, a time series feature extractor, a regressor, and a classifier. The multi-modal signal fusion block leverages the maximum mean discrepancy to reduce the distribution discrepancy across different modals in the latent space, achieving the goal of transferable multi-modal fusion. Subsequently, by using the long short-term memory-based network, we obtain the feature representation from time series data to predict the knee angles and gait phases simultaneously. To validate our proposal, we design an experimental paradigm with random walking and resting to collect data containing multi-modal biomedical signals from electromyography, gyroscopes, and virtual reality. Main results. Comprehensive experiments on our constructed dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. TMMF achieves a root mean square error of

0.090
±
0.022

s in knee angle prediction and a precision of

83.7
±
7.7

% in gait phase prediction. Significance. We demonstrate the feasibility and validity of using TMMF to predict lower-limb kinematics continuously from multi-modal biomedical signals. This proposed method represents application potential in predicting the motor intent of patients with different pathologies.
Parallel spinor flows on three-dimensional Cauchy hypersurfaces
Authors: Murcia Ángel , Shahbazi C S
Published: April 2023

The three-dimensional parallel spinor flow is the evolution flow defined by a parallel spinor on a globally hyperbolic Lorentzian four-manifold. We prove that, despite the fact that Lorentzian metrics admitting parallel spinors are not necessarily Ricci flat, the parallel spinor flow preserves the vacuum momentum and Hamiltonian constraints and therefore the Einstein and parallel spinor flows coincide on common initial data. Using this result, we provide an initial data characterization of parallel spinors on Ricci flat Lorentzian four-manifolds, which in turn yields the first initial data characterization of Ricci-flat pp-waves. Furthermore, we explicitly solve the left-invariant parallel spinor flow on simply connected Lie groups, obtaining along the way necessary and sufficient conditions for the flow to be immortal. These are, to the best of our knowledge, the first non-trivial examples of evolution flows of parallel spinors. Finally, we use some of these examples to construct families of

η

-Einstein cosymplectic structures and to produce solutions to the left-invariant Ricci flow in three dimensions. This suggests the intriguing possibility of using first-order hyperbolic spinorial flows to construct special solutions of curvature flows in Riemannian signature.
Millimeter-thick 3D tissues constructed by densely cellularized core–shell microfluidic bioprinting
Authors: Nie Minghao , Nagata Shogo , Oda Haruka , Takeuchi Shoji
Published: April 2023

Recently, microfluidic bioprinting methods, which utilize microfluidic devices as printheads to deposit microfilaments, have improved printing resolution. Despite the precise placement of cells, current efforts have not succeeded in forming densely cellularized tissue within the printed constructs, which is highly desired for the biofabrication of solid-organ tissues with firm tissue consistency. In this paper, we presented a microfluidic bioprinting method to fabricate three dimension tissue constructs consisting of core–shell microfibers where extracellular matrices and cells can be encapsulated within the core of the fibers. Using the optimized printhead design and printing parameters, we demonstrated the bioprinting of core–shell microfibers into macroscale constructs and checked the viability of cells after printing. After culturing the printed tissues using the proposed dynamic culture methods, we analyzed the morphology and function of the tissues both in vitro and in vivo. The confluent tissue morphology in the fiber cores indicates the establishment of intensive cell–cell contacts in the fiber cores, which also leads to the upregulation of the albumin-secretion function compared to the cells cultured in a 2D format. Analysis on the cell density of the confluent fiber cores indicate the formation of densely cellularized tissues with a similar level of cell density of in-vivo solid organ tissues. In the future, better culture techniques with improved perfusion design are anticipated to enable further the fabrication of thicker tissues, which can be used as thick tissue models or implantation grafts for cell therapy.
Experimental investigation of the effect of skin-pass rolling reduction ratio on corrosion behaviors of AISI 304 stainless steel sheet materials
Authors: ÖZAKIN Batuhan
Published: April 2023

This study was carried out in order to reveal the effect of reduction ratio, one of the parameters of the skin-pass rolling manufacturing process of sheet metal materials, on the corrosion behaviours. In this experimental study, AISI 304 stainless steel sheet material samples were subjected to skin-pass rolling process with different reduction ratios (0.5%, 2.0%, 4.2% and 7.2%). The corrosion behaviours of skin-pass rolled AISI 304 stainless steel sheet material samples in 3.5% chloride solution was determined by potentiodynamic polarization curves. The changes in the surfaces were evaluated together with the surface roughness measurements and microstructure images. It was concluded that the increase in skin-pass rolling reduction ratio increased the corrosion resistance. The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) did not give sufficient results to prove the finding that corrosion resistance improves as the reduction increases. The change of valleys and peaks in the roughness profile of the skin-pass rolled samples before and after corrosion was found to be evidence that the increase in reduction ratio improves corrosion resistance. As the skin-pass rolling reduction ratio increased was determined in the microstructural images that the amount of oxide layer increased and this situation was clarified from x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) findings. Electrochemical measurements, surface roughness profiles, microstructure images, and EDS analyses were obtained with results that support each other.
Synthesis of iron-substituted hydroxyapatite nanomaterials by co-precipitation method for defluoridation
Authors: Adamu Dagne Bayih , Zereffa Enyew , Segne Teshome Abdo , Razali Mohd Hasmizam , Lemu Bundi Roba
Published: April 2023

The consumption of too much fluoride ions through drinking water can seriously harm human health. Thus fluoride ions need to be removed by the novel and efficient nanomaterials materials synthesized via eco-friendly method. The pure and iron-doped hydroxyapatites were synthesized using a simple co-precipitation technique for the removal of fluoride from water. The synthesized materials were characterized by advanced technical tools. The point of zero charge of the materials was determined by the salt addition method. Crystallite size and degree of crystallinity were observed to decrease with the substitution of calcium. However, the surface area and pore volume were found to have enhanced with modification of iron in the apatite. Batch adsorption experimental data were well fitted to pseudo-second order and Langmuir models, which implied that the sorption process is chemisorption through a monolayer on a homogenous surface. The maximum sorption capacities of HA and Fe-HA were found to be 40.46 and 83.86 mg g−1, respectively. The thermodynamic data revealed that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. The regeneration and reuse analysis insured that the materials have good potential for reuse. The adsorption mechanism was inferred as chemisorption through electrostatic interaction and ion exchange. The modification of hydroxyapatite using iron considered as a competent sorbent for the removal of fluoride ions.
Feasibility and mixture performance assessment of waste oil based rejuvenators in high-RAP asphalt mixtures
Authors: Kaya Ozdemir Derya , Aghazadeh Dokandari Peyman , Raufi Hameedullah , Topal Ali , Sengoz Burak
Published: April 2023

Asphalt pavements are amongst the most recycled materials in the contemporary world depending on the environmental and financial advantages. The introduction of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) on newly produced asphalt pavement is possible by the utilization of rejuvenating agents, which should contain oily fractions. For this purpose, within the scope of this study, three types of agents with optimum amounts (by weight of bitumen) were utilized 5.4% Waste Engine Oil (WEO), 5.1% Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO), and 6.8% Commercial Rejuvenating Agent (CRA). The highest applicable RAP content in mixtures depends on the rejuvenator type determined by Marshall Mix Design tests (air voids, flow, and stability). Rejuvenation facilitated the use of 50 to 60% of additional RAP material in the mixtures depending on the rejuvenator type. Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) test results declared that RAP mixtures, when subjected to the rejuvenation process, resulted in relatively less brittleness and enhanced durability properties compared to the unmodified ones. Additionally, cost comparison analyses demonstrated encouraging results as the cost-benefit ratio exceeded up to 55% for mixtures involving high percentages of rejuvenated RAP. As a final analysis, Return on Investment (ROI) values were calculated for each rejuvenator type by the cost of upgrading the facility to handle RAP and the profit of RAP usage. Consequently, ROI was calculated as a return time in months, which unveils an extremely profitable opportunity in the industry.
Effect of abrasive water pressure on the surface layer characteristics of duplex stainless steel 2205
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Han Jingtao , Lu Ruilong , Wang Yu , Liu Cheng
Published: April 2023

The martensitic stainless steel shot with a high number of cycles was applied to the abrasive water jet (AWJ) to study the effect of jet pressures on the surface layer characteristics of 2205 duplex stainless steel. The Almen strips (type A) quantitatively evaluate the AWJ intensity at jet pressures of 50 MPa, 60 MPa, and 70 MPa. The surface layer characteristics were comprehensively studied using scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, x-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction techniques, and microhardness tester. It was found that with the increase of the jet pressure from 50 MPa to 60 MPa and 70 MPa, the AWJ intensity increased by 5.0% and 22% and the surface roughness for Ra increased by 16% and 37%. Residual compressive stresses existed in both phases to a depth of more than 200 μm. The austenite hardening rate is higher than that of ferrite, and the maximum residual compressive stress in austenite of the surface layer of the AWJ specimen occurred at the subsurface. The maximum residual compressive stress in ferrite occurred at the surface (50 MPa, 60 MPa) and subsurface (70 MPa). The hetero-deformation induced stresses formed during the plastic deformation of the heterostructured material made the austenitic residual compressive stresses in the surface layer slightly higher than those in ferrite. The surface grain refinement depth exceeded 150 μm, and the degree of austenite grain refinement was higher than that of ferrite. The fraction of deformation-induced martensite and the depth of phase transformation increased with the increase of jet pressure. These changes caused the surface hardening of the specimen, and the jet pressure had a significant effect on the depth of the hardened layer and the microhardness at depth greater than 50 μm.
Physicists plot laser fusion path
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin
Published: April 2023

The US National Ignition Facility’s historic demonstration of ignition is stimulating a fresh push for fusion energy, including from private investors, as Edwin Cartlidge reports
Progress could be slowing in science
Authors: Hiscott Laura
Published: April 2023

A new analysis finds that the rate of surprising discoveries that break with preceding work is declining over time.
China’s Young Thousand Talents see productivity boost
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: April 2023

An analysis has found that China’s Young Thousand Talents programme has succeeded in encouraging high-calibre, early-career Chinese scientists to return home after stints abroad.
Eponymy and ethics
Authors: Crease Robert P
Published: April 2023

It might seem right to rename scientific principles that honour physicists who have done bad things. But doing so raises ethical questions, says Robert P Crease.
Medical benefits
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: April 2023

James McKenzie is excited about the prospects for UK firms working in the medical-physics sector.
Epoch or event? Defining the Anthropocene
Authors: Randall Ian
Published: April 2023

The Anthropocene is one of those rare scientific terms that has entered the public consciousness, which is ironic, given that geologists have not yet fully defined it. As Ian Randall discovers, the proposed formal definition sits at odds with the public’s understanding.
Building a physics degree for the future
Authors: Benson Veronica , Hirst Andrew Mizumori , Wakeham William
Published: April 2023

The world faces countless social, environmental and economic problems that require complex solutions combining knowledge and expertise across many sectors. Veronica Benson, Andrew Mizumori Hirst and William Wakeham explain why physics degrees need to be revamped so that physicists can better tackle these vital issues.
Muons used for cryptography system
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin
Published: April 2023

A new scheme that encodes and decodes messages using the random arrival of cosmic-ray muons could be more secure than other cryptographic systems. Edwin Cartlidge reports.
Search for gravitational waves resumes after COVID
Authors: van Woerkom Ethan
Published: April 2023

The LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA collaboration has announced that the search for gravitational waves will resume in May 2023, following engineering delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
When Leo Szilard changed his mind
Authors: Hargittai Istvan
Published: April 2023

Born 125 years ago, the Hungarian–American physicist Leo Szilard is best remembered for being the first scientist to call for atomic bombs to be developed – before later demanding they be stopped. But as Istvan Hargittai explains, this was not the only occasion when his views evolved in unexpected directions.
Study of mixed-EHL traction coefficient between cam-roller follower interface under different operating conditions
Authors: Prajapati Deepak K , Prakash Chander
Published: April 2023

In heavy duty vehicles, high power density (power throughput/weight) is desired to achieve the high fuel efficiency. The increasing demand of high power output results in harsh operating conditions (high load, high surface temperature) in which tribological components such as cam/roller follower are enforced to operate. The traction between cam-roller interface highly depends on the contact conditions between roller-pin interface, and the slippage between roller-pin interface may leads to high friction coefficient between cam/roller follower. In this work, a simplified mixed-EHL model is developed to study the traction between the cam/roller follower interface by considering coupling between roller-pin and cam-roller contacts. The develop mixed-EHL model is validated with published results in order to verify the correctness of the model. It is found that slide-to-roll ratio (SRR) increases with an increase in load torque. The effect of surface roughness on performance parameters is presented. Surface maps of SRR, lambda ratio and asperity load ratio for feasible range of maximum contact load and camspeed are also discussed.
Why Aren’t I Part of a Whale?
Authors: Builes David , Hare Caspar
Published: April 2023

We start by presenting three different views that jointly imply that every person has many conscious beings in their immediate vicinity, and that the number greatly varies from person to person. We then present and assess an argument to the conclusion that how confident someone should be in these views should sensitively depend on how massive they happen to be. According to the argument, sometimes irreducibly de se observations can be powerful evidence for or against believing in metaphysical theories.
Resolving Histological Inflammation in Ulcerative Colitis With Mirikizumab in the LUCENT Induction and Maintenance Trial Programmes
Authors: Magro Fernando , Pai Rish K , Kobayashi Taku , Jairath Vipul , Rieder Florian , Redondo Isabel , Lissoos Trevor , Morris Nathan , Shan Mingyang , Park Meekyong , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims

To evaluate the effect of mirikizumab, a p19-targeted anti-interleukin-23, on histological and/or endoscopic outcomes in moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis [UC].

Methods

Endoscopic remission [ER], histological improvement [HI], histological remission [HR], histological-endoscopic mucosal improvement [HEMI], and histological-endoscopic mucosal remission [HEMR] were assessed at Week [W]12 [LUCENT-1: N = 1162, induction] and W40 [LUCENT-2: N = 544, maintenance] for patients randomised to mirikizumab or placebo. Analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of: HEMI at W12 with mirikizumab and HEMR at W40 in patients re-randomised to subcutaneous [SC] mirikizumab; associations between W12 histological/endoscopic endpoints and W40 outcomes in mirikizumab responders re-randomised to mirikizumab SC; and associations between W40 endoscopic normalisation [EN] with/without HR.

Results

Significantly more patients treated with mirikizumab achieved HI, HR, ER, HEMI, and HEMR vs placebo [p <0.001], irrespective of prior biologic/tofacitinib failure [p <0.05]. Lower clinical baseline disease activity, female sex, no baseline immunomodulator use, and no prior biologic/tofacitinib failure were predictors of HEMI at W12 [p <0.05]. Corticosteroid use and longer disease duration were negative predictors of achieving HEMR at W40 [p <0.05]. W12 HI, HR, or ER was associated with W40 HEMI or HEMR [p <0.05]; ER at W12 was associated with clinical remission [CR] [p <0.05] and corticosteroid-free remission [CSFR] at W40 [p = 0.052]. HR and HEMR at W12 were associated with CSFR, CR, and symptomatic remission at W40. Alternate HEMR [EN + HR] at W40 was associated with bowel urgency remission at W40 [p <0.05].

Conclusions

Early resolution of endoscopic and histological inflammation with mirikizumab is associated with better UC outcomes. Clinicaltrials.gov: LUCENT-1, NCT03518086; LUCENT-2, NCT03524092.