bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of irinotecan/carboplatin versus etoposide/carboplatin for extended disease small cell lung cancer (ED‐SCLC): A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Afzal Zeeshan , Hira Sara , Song Xia , Wang Na
Published: October 2024

Background

Platinum‐based chemotherapy in addition to the non‐platinum agent etoposide is the standard of care for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC). However, the front‐line chemotherapy regimen is not known. Therefore, we aimed to perform this review comparing irinotecan/carboplatin (IC) and etoposide/carboplatin (EC) in patients of extended disease small cell lung cancer (ED‐SCLC).

Methods

We searched three databases, that is, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The outcomes for complete response (CR), median overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) were evaluated. In addition, adverse events such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, diarrhea, and infections were also assessed. RevMan 5.4.1 was used to perform the statistical analysis.

Results

Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 676 patients were included. There was a significant difference between IC and EC arms in terms of CR (risk ratio [RR] = 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20−5.32; p = 0.02, I2 (i.e., the percentage of the total variance that is due to between‐study heterogeneity) = 0%), leukopenia (RR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.23−0.97; p = 0.04; I2 = 90%), amimia (RR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.38−0.78; p = 0.0008; I2 = 0%), thrombocytopenia (RR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39–0.68; p = 0.00001; I2 = 0%), and diarrhea (RR = 4.88; 95% CI: 1.64−14.49; p = 0.004; I2 = 33%). There was no statistically significant difference between IC and EC arms in terms of median OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.84−1.62; p = 0.37; I2 = 74%), PFS (HR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.69−1.56; p = 0.85; I2 = 77%), nausea (RR = 1.70; 95% CI: 0.76−3.81; p = 0.19; I2 = 0%), infection (RR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.64−1.48; p = 0.89; I2 = 0%), and treatment‐related deaths (RR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.24−1.42; p = 0.23; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis provides valuable evidence supporting the superiority of IC regimens over EC regimens in terms of CR and toxicity profile for ED‐SCLC.
Differential relative catchability of wild- and hatchery-origin steelhead in the Deschutes River, Oregon
Authors: Seals T. Jason , Jones Michelle , Tattam Ian A. , Henderson Jeremy S.
Published: October 2024

Objective

We assessed the relative proportions of wild- and hatchery-origin summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss caught by sport anglers in the Deschutes River, Oregon. Our objective was to evaluate if steelhead of wild or hatchery origin were equally or disproportionately captured by sport anglers relative to the overall run composition.

Methods

We conducted access-based angler creel surveys of the Deschutes River steelhead fishery during 2000–2019 and 2021 to observe reported catch of wild and hatchery steelhead. We collated fishery-independent hatchery-wild composition data from three locations (two dams and one fish trap) bounding the fishery area we creel sampled. We then used a series of mixed-effect logistic regression models fit to compare angler catch of wild- and hatchery-origin steelhead relative to their composition at the fishery-independent sampling locations.

Result

The best-fit model suggests that anglers were more than twice as likely to observe a wild steelhead in their catch as compared with the chance of the fishery-dependent sampling sites to observe a wild steelhead. Across all years, wild steelhead were 27–31% of the stock composition at the fishery-independent sampling sites yet averaged 65% of angler catch.

Conclusion

Disproportionately high encounter rates of wild-origin summer steelhead suggest that any adverse impacts associated with catch-and-release fishing may be magnified by this effect. We explore some potential mechanisms that could account for this difference and hypothesize that a difference in catchability between wild and hatchery steelhead is the most likely mechanism driving the observed patterns. Regardless of the mechanism, annual catch of wild steelhead is proportionally greater than expectations, given wild steelhead run size compared with that of hatchery steelhead.
Peripheral parenteral nutrition: A retrospective observational study to evaluate utility and complications
Authors: Bidgood Emma , Huang Joanna , Murphy Elise , Prentice Ralley , Hede Beth , Russell David
Published: October 2024

Background

Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) provides an alternative nutrition support strategy to centrally administered PN for specific patients requiring short‐term PN. Previous studies have demonstrated limited use of PPN and variable complication rates. This study aimed to evaluate PPN complications and usage at this center.

Methods

This was a single‐center retrospective observational study of all adult patients who received at least 1 day of PPN from June 2018 to December 2023. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including complications, indications for PN and reason for PPN, duration of therapy, reason for cessation of PPN, nutrition status, energy and protein provision, and central line insertion rates.

Results

381 patients were included, the median age was 62 (interquartile range = 28–74) years, and 235 were men (61.7%). The most common indication for PN was ileus (n = 153, 40%) followed by gastrointestinal obstruction (n = 93, 24%). The median time receiving PPN was 3 (2–4) days. Patients received a median of 65% (55%–75%) of energy and 58% (50%–69%) of protein requirements with PPN. Malnutrition was diagnosed in 47.5% (n = 181) of this cohort. Total complication rates were 8.7% (n = 33), with cannula infiltration being the most common complication (6.6%, n = 25). 213 (56%) patients proceeded to central line insertion.

Conclusion

PPN proved to be a safe and effective therapy for short‐term PN when managed by a nutrition support team. PPN has the potential to attenuate short‐term nutrition deficits and prevent central venous access device insertion in selected patients, making it a valuable nutrition support therapy.
Formula Design of Hyperbranched Polyarylether‐Based Low Dielectric Photosensitive Resin and Study of UV‐Cured Films Properties
Authors: Jiang Lingmei , Wang Chenghao , Xiao Changhong , Zhang Guangsheng , Wang Yibo , Liu Haoran , Yuan Kuanyu , Zong Lishuai , Wang Jinyan , Jian Xigao
Published: October 2024

For large‐area electronic and high shape complexity structure applications, various solution‐processable materials are chosen as dielectric layer due to their simple molding process via spin‐coating, casting, or 3D printing at room temperature. Herein, the acrylic‐ended fluorinated hyperbranched polyaryletherketone (hb‐P6FAEK‐Ace) was used as the prepolymer and then, the composition of photosensitive resin formula was regulated by adjusting the addition ratio of hb‐P6FAEK‐Ace and diluents (acrylimorpholine [ACMO] 1,6‐Hexanediol diacrylate [HDDA]). These photosensitive resin solutions showed the relative low viscosities ranged ranging from 18 to 253 mPa S at 100°C which was in favor of the future 3D printing method and printing accuracy. Then, the obtained UV‐cured films show the maximum tensile strength up to 71.9 MPa and superior thermal properties with the Tg of 157°C–177°C and T5% of 314°C–351°C. Moreover, they also exhibited the good dielectric performance with dielectric constants of 2.43–2.20 and dielectric loss of 0.013–0.014 at 1 MHz–1 GHz. These abovementioned satisfactory performance could be ascribed to the aromatic skeleton of hb‐P6FAEK‐Ace, introduced polarizability‐CF3 groups and the inner cavities for the hyperbranched structures, also the precise control of formula composition. Additionally, the curing degree, shrinkage of solid, and moisture properties were also researched thoroughly. This work provides a simple formula design though to construct the high performance and low dielectric photosensitive resin for the requirements of microelectronic applications.
Exploring the molecular landscape of cutaneous mixed tumors characterized by TRPS1::PLAG1 gene fusion
Authors: Alsugair Ziyad , Donzel Marie , Macagno Nicolas , Tantot Juliet , Harou Olivier , Battistella Maxime , Sohier Pierre , Kervarrec Thibault , de la Fouchardière Arnaud , Balme Brigitte , Champagnac Anne , Lanic Marie‐Delphine , Lopez Jonathan , Laé Marick , Descotes Françoise , Tirode Franck , Pissaloux Daniel , Thamphya Brice , Costes‐Martineau Valérie , Benzerdjeb Nazim
Published: October 2024

The histological similarities between pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) and cutaneous mixed tumors (CMTs) found in certain facial regions can create a diagnostic challenge. Molecular findings reveal common genetic profiles, particularly PLAG1 rearrangements in both PA and CMT. Although molecular distinctions have received limited attention, our observations indicate multiple cases of CMTs carrying the TRPS1::PLAG1 fusion. This clinical experience has driven our investigation into the potential diagnostic utility of TRPS1::PLAG1 fusions for determining tumor origin. Two cohorts consisting of 46 cases of CMT and 45 cases of PA of the salivary glands were obtained from French institutions and reviewed by specialists in each subspecialty. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to identify the molecular features of cases harboring PLAG1. Clinical, pathological, and molecular data were collected. In this study, cases of CMT exhibited recurrent gene fusions, primarily TRPS1::PLAG1 (74%). These tumors shared characteristic histological features, including tubuloductal differentiation in 55% of cases and squamous metaplasia in varying proportions. In contrast, cases of PA had gene fusions involving PLAG1 with various gene partners, with only one case in which TRPS1::PLAG1 was identified. This disparity was also observed at the transcriptomic level between TRPS1::PLAG1 CMTs and other tumors. However, TRPS1 immunostaining did not correlate with TRPS1::PLAG1 fusion. In conclusion, we report that recurrent TRPS1::PLAG1 fusion CMTs exhibit similar characteristic histological features, including tubuloductal differentiation that is associated with squamous metaplasia in around half of cases. Detection of this fusion could be valuable in correctly identifying the origin of these tumors. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Characterization of early fatigue damage in CFRP unidirectional laminates based on Micro‐CT
Authors: Tianyu Zheng , Zhiming Liu , Yi Yin , Qingxin Gao
Published: October 2024

Fatigue damages of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates are not obvious. Obtaining the evolution of the internal fatigue damage in CFRP laminates before visible cracks occur is of vital importance for ensuring structural reliability. Micro X‐ray computed tomography (Micro‐CT) can provide micron scale nondestructive imaging of internal structure of materials. In this paper, a preliminary study was conducted on the early fatigue damage evolution of 0° UD laminates. Axial tension‐tension fatigue tests of [0]16 CFRP laminates were carried out, and the evolutionary behavior of damages was confirmed by fatigue dissipated energy. Then, the internal damages of fatigued specimens were observed and reconstructed using Micro‐CT, and statistical parameters such as damage sphericity, length and angle were calculated. The spatial distribution characteristics of cracks were further acquired by surface porosity and frequency distribution of damage positions in ROI. Early damages from tensile‐tensile fatigue in 0° UD laminates extend along the fiber direction with original defects in the interlayer resin enrichment areas as the nucleus, and tend to concentrate near the width edge of the specimens. Finally, a “sandwich” structural model was developed to analyze the internal stresses of laminates under the influence of interlayer resin enrichment. The FEA results revealed that the internal stresses σy and σz concentrate near the width edges of the specimen, resulting in cracks tend to evolve more in the regions close to edges.

Highlights

Imaging matrix cracks of specimens by Micro‐CT at 12.91 μm voxel size.

Demonstrating evolution patterns of cracks with its morphology statistics.

Revealing crack distributions in ROIs with variations of surface porosity.

Analyzing internal stress distribution by “sandwich” model created from reality.
Monomer unfolding of a bacterial ESCRT‐III superfamily member is coupled to oligomer disassembly
Authors: Quarta Ndjali , Bhandari Tika Ram , Girard Martin , Hellmann Nadja , Schneider Dirk
Published: October 2024

The inner membrane associated protein of 30 kDa (IM30), a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT‐III) superfamily, is crucially involved in the biogenesis and maintenance of thylakoid membranes in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. In solution, IM30 assembles into various large oligomeric barrel‐ or tube‐like structures, whereas upon membrane binding it forms large, flat carpet structures. Dynamic localization of the protein in solution, to membranes and changes of the oligomeric states are crucial for its in vivo function. ESCRT‐III proteins are known to form oligomeric structures that are dynamically assembled from monomeric/smaller oligomeric proteins, and thus these smaller building blocks must be assembled sequentially in a highly orchestrated manner, a still poorly understood process. The impact of IM30 oligomerization on function remains difficult to study due to its high intrinsic tendency to homo‐oligomerize. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the stability of individual helices in IM30 and identified unstable regions that may provide structural flexibility. Urea‐mediated disassembly of the IM30 barrel structures was spectroscopically monitored, as well as changes in the protein's tertiary and secondary structure. The experimental data were finally compared to a three‐state model that describes oligomer disassembly and monomer unfolding. In this study, we identified a highly stable conserved structural core of ESCRT‐III proteins and discuss the advantages of having flexible intermediate structures and their putative relevance for ESCRT‐III proteins.
Unique Fn3‐like biosensor in σI/anti‐σI factors for regulatory expression of major cellulosomal scaffoldins in Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens
Authors: Dong Sheng , Chen Chao , Li Jie , Liu Ya‐Jun , Bayer Edward A. , Lamed Raphael , Mizrahi Itzhak , Cui Qiu , Feng Yingang
Published: October 2024

Lignocellulolytic clostridia employ multiple pairs of alternative σ/anti‐σ (SigI/RsgI) factors to regulate cellulosomal components for substrate‐specific degradation of cellulosic biomass. The current model has proposed that RsgIs use a sensor domain to bind specific extracellular lignocellulosic components and activate cognate SigIs to initiate expression of corresponding cellulosomal enzyme genes, while expression of scaffoldins can be initiated by several different SigIs. Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens contains the most complex known cellulosome system and the highest number of SigI–RsgI regulons yet discovered. However, the function of many RsgI sensor domains and their relationship with the various enzyme types are not fully understood. Here, we report that RsgI4 from P. cellulosolvens employs a C‐terminal module that bears distant similarity to the fibronectin type III (Fn3) domain and serves as the sensor domain. Substrate‐binding analysis revealed that the Fn3‐like domain of RsgI4 represents a novel carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM) that binds to a wide range of polysaccharide types. Structure determination further revealed that the Fn3‐like domain belongs to the type B group of CBMs with a predicted concave face for substrate binding. Promoter sequence analysis of cellulosomal genes revealed that SigI4 is responsible for cellulosomal regulation of major scaffoldins rather than enzymes, consistent with the broad substrate specificity of the RsgI4 sensor domain. Notably, scaffoldins are invariably required as cellulosome components regardless of the substrate type. These findings suggest that the intricate cellulosome system of P. cellulosolvens comprises a more elaborate regulation mechanism than other bacteria and thus expands the paradigm of cellulosome regulation.
Adjoint‐based observation impact on meteorological forecast errors in the Arctic
Authors: Kim Dae‐Hui , Kim Hyun Mee
Published: October 2024

Accurate weather forecasting using numerical weather prediction in the Arctic remains a challenge owing to the complex atmospheric dynamics and relatively sparse observations of the region. Nevertheless, the impact of observations used for data assimilation (DA) on forecast errors (observation impacts, OIs) in the Arctic has not been fully explored. This study evaluated the OIs on 24 hr forecast errors in the Arctic by the adjoint‐based forecast sensitivity OI (FSOI) method using the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, three‐dimensional variational DA, and adjoint model of WRFPLUS. The time‐averaged FSOI during August 2018 was analyzed in terms of the type, variable, satellite channel, altitude, and horizontal location of the observations. The results showed that the total FSOI was greatest for aircraft observations (AIRCRAFT), followed by sonde observations, scatterometer sea‐surface winds, advanced microwave sounding unit‐A radiance data from each satellite, and surface synoptic observations. The impact of AIRCRAFT in reducing forecast errors was greater in the Arctic than in other regions of the globe. The total FSOI of the advanced microwave sounding unit‐A radiance data from all four satellites was the greatest among the total FSOI of the individual observation types. For both AIRCRAFT and sonde observations, the FSOI per observation increased at higher latitudes, indicating that forecast errors in the Arctic could be reduced when upper atmospheric in‐situ observations at higher latitudes are used for DA. The beneficial ratio of the Global Positioning System precipitable water in the Arctic was greater than that in the midlatitudes with relatively moist atmospheres that cause greater uncertainties in converting zenith wet delay. The results of this study can contribute to configuring an optimal observing system in the Arctic by presenting the relative importance of observations for reducing forecast errors.
Synchronous bilateral typical pulmonary carcinoid tumours diagnosed by robotic navigation bronchoscopy: A unique case
Authors: Megahed Menna , Sharif Roozbeh , Abdeen Yazan
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary carcinoids are uncommon malignant neoplasms, believed to derive from specialized neuroendocrine cells known as Kulchitsky cells. We evaluated a 69‐year‐old female presenting symptoms consistent with carcinoid syndrome, such as intermittent flushing and diarrhoea, along with complaints of shortness of breath and cough. Imaging revealed bilateral lung nodules, confirmed by biopsy to be carcinoid tumours. The treatment of choice for carcinoid tumours is complete surgical resection. Nonetheless, individualized management plans are crafted based on the tumour's location and the patient's respiratory function as these present challenges to anatomical resection of tumours.
Stealthy Attack Against Distributed State Estimation for Cyber‐Physical Systems
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Yun , Yuan Hongbo , Yang Wen
Published: October 2024

This article studies a stealthy attack strategy design for distributed state estimation from the perspective of an attacker in cyber‐physical systems, where both internal and external attack scenarios are considered simultaneously. To enhance robustness against outliers and reduce communication burden, a distributed fusion estimator is developed by fusing the innovation residuals of neighboring smart sensor nodes without any attack. Based on the designed distributed fusion estimator, the evolution of the distributed estimation error covariance is analyzed, and its lower and upper bounds are obtained. Moreover, a stealthy attack framework embedding adjustable parameter is designed to weaken the estimation performance, where the constraints of the adjustable parameter are provided based on the desired attack effect. Finally, a simulation example is provided to manifest the validity of the main results.
Distributed Cooperative Control of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems for Air‐to‐Ground Formation
Authors: Mu Chaoxu , Yao Jiayang , Yang Hongjiu , Li Peng
Published: October 2024

This paper is concerned with a distributed cooperative formation problem for a heterogeneous multiagent system with a car‐like mobile robot, a quadrotor, and an omnidirectional wheeled mobile robot. In the heterogeneous multiagent system, a three‐layer distributed cooperative formation control strategy is constructed to achieve air‐to‐ground formation, the car‐like mobile robot tracks a virtual leader, the quadrotor, and the omnidirectional wheeled mobile robot track the car‐like mobile robot. Two nonlinear leader‐follower controllers based on exponential virtual control laws are designed to maintain formation for the quadrotor and the omnidirectional wheeled mobile robot. A kinematics controller with continuous functions, an improved adaptive sliding mode controller and a suitable back‐stepping controller are introduced in the heterogeneous multiagent system, respectively. Multiagent communication is one of the key steps to accomplish multiagent time synchronization. Experimental results are given to illustrate the applicability of the proposed distributed cooperative control strategy.
An Extensive Computational Investigation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pantothenate Synthetase Inhibitors from Diverse‐Lib Compounds Library
Authors: Imran Mohd , Abida  , Guetat Arbi , Iradukunda Patrick Gad , Hudu Shuaibu Abdullahi , Saramba Eric , Alzahrani Abdullah R. , Eltaib Lina , Kamal Mehnaz , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa
Published: October 2024

Antibiotics have played a crucial role in significantly reducing the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) infection worldwide. Even before the mid‐20th century, the mortality rate of TB onset within five years was around 50 %. So, the introduction of antibiotics has changed the scenario of TB from a serious threat to a manageable one. However, the emergence of resistance to anti‐TB drugs poses a significant challenge. So, to overcome this situation the therapeutic approaches and drug targets need to be reformed. This study focused on finding potential inhibitors by targeting Pantothenate Synthetase, a crucial enzyme for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) survival, through computational drug discovery methods. Molecular docking and virtual screening were employed to identify potential inhibitors from Diverse‐lib. Four compounds, namely CID2813602, 24357538, CID753354, and CID4798023, exhibited strong binding energies and stable interaction with the target protein. Further assessment of these compounds through MD simulation and Post MD simulation showed significant dynamic stability. The minimum energy transition calculated using the free energy landscape analysis of these compounds when docked with Pantothenate Synthetase confirmed the stability of each complex due to its minimum energy production. The free binding energy calculation of each complex also showed the intramolecular interaction contributes to the strong binding affinity of the compounds within the enzyme's active site clarifying their mechanisms of action. This research showcases the effectiveness of computational methods in promptly identifying potential anti‐TB drugs, paving the way for future experimental validation and optimization. It holds promise for the development of new treatments targeting drug‐resistant TB strains.
Electronically Weakly Coupled 4,4′‐Divinylazoarylenes‐Bridged Diruthenium Complexes Featuring Two Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2 Entities
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Obadah S.
Published: October 2024

We report here on four novel 4,4′‐divinylazoarylenes‐bridged diruthenium complexes featuring two Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2 entities with a general formula of [{Ru(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2}2(μ‐{CH=CH−Ar}2‐N=N‐4,4′)]; Ar=C6H4; [1 azo], C6H3‐2‐Me; [2 azo], C6H3‐(Me)2‐2,6; [3 azo], and C6H2‐(iPr)2‐2,6; [4 azo]. Those five‐coordinated, square‐pyramidal, 16‐valence electrons (VEs) type‐complexes [1 azo]–[4 azo] were successfully synthesized by the stereo‐and regiospecific insertion of the Ru−H bond of the hydrido substrate HRu(CO)Cl(PiPr3)2 into the two terminal acetylenic bonds of the corresponding 4,4′‐diethynylated azoarylenes [L1]–[L4]. They were routinely characterized in their neutral state by traditional IR, UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopic techniques, and in their two‐closely accessible oxidized states by IR, UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry along with electrochemical techniques as well as by (TD)‐DFT calculations. Detailed electrochemical studies on these complexes and IR, UV/Vis/NIR spectro(electro)scopic characterization of their oxidized forms along with (TD)‐DFT calculations revealed to massive 4,4′‐divinylazobenzene linker contributions to the two redox processes in addition to the noteworthy negligible electronic interaction “communication” between the two remote redox‐active end‐groups, rendering them as unique weakly coupled borderline class I/II MV systems in accordance with the Robin and Day classification. Incorporating the four bulky iPr substituents into the ortho‐positions of the 4,4′‐divinylazobenzene linker results to a significant decrease in the tendency of the co‐planarity of the bridge.
Catalytic Application of Cs‐Substituted Phosphotungstic Acid (CsxH3‐xPW12O40)‐Mesoporous Zirconium Phosphate (m‐ZrP) Nanocomposite Towards Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Tetrazole Moieties
Authors: Samal Kanyanjali , Mishra B.G. , Pati Anita
Published: October 2024

The rational design of a high surface area heterogeneous nanocomposite catalyst with well‐defined surface acidic sites and structural porosity is a promising approach with potential application in expeditious synthesis of biologically active molecules/scaffolds. In this work, mesoporous zirconium phosphate (m‐ZrP) was synthesized through a hydrothermal process and used as a porous matrix for dispersion of cesium‐exchanged phosphotungstic acid (CsxH3‐xPW12O40) nanoparticles to prepare CsxH3‐xPW12O40‐mZrP nanocomposite systems. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, UV–vis‐DRS, FTIR, FESEM, HRTEM, TGA‐DTA, BET, and TPD, were used to understand the structural, morphological, and surface properties of the composites. XRD analysis revealed the presence of m‐ZrP and cubic CsxH3‐xPW12O40 crystalline phases in the nanocomposite materials. A microscopic study indicated the existence of rod‐shaped morphology that was formed by the coalescence of a large number of spherical nanoparticles with diameters between 150 and 200 nm. The dispersion of CsxH3‐xPW12O40 over the m‐ZrP surface results in significant enhancement of medium and strong acidic sites, with the maximum number of acidic sites observed for the Cs0.5‐PTA‐mZrP composite (0.406 mmol g−1). The catalytic activity of the CsxH3‐xPW12O40‐mZrP nanocomposites was evaluated for rapid synthesis of tetrazole derivatives through [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of substituted nitrile and NaN3 under mild conditions. The detailed optimization study revealed that the use of Cs0.5‐PTA‐mZrP catalyst in DMF media afforded 90% yield of the tetrazole at 120 °C. Reaction kinetics study suggested that the optimal Cs0.5‐PTA‐mZrP catalyst exhibited the highest reaction rate of 2.06 × 10−3 mmol h−1m−2 towards tetrazole formation. Structurally diverse tetrazole derivatives in high yield and purity were synthesized under mild conditions using CsxH3‐xPW12O40‐mZrP nanocomposite as catalyst.
A Comparative In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation and In Silico Study of New 1‐(1,3‐Oxazol‐5‐yl)piperidine‐4‐sulfonylamides
Authors: Severin Oleksandr , Obernikhina Nataliya , Pilyo Stepan , Kachaeva Maryna , Kachkovsky Olexiy , Kozachenko Oleksandr , Brovarets Volodymyr , Bodachivskyi Iurii
Published: October 2024

In this work, we synthesized a series of new 1,3‐oxazole derivatives comprising the sulfonylamide group and tested their activity against the human tumor cell line panel. This study further explores the stereoelectronic characteristics of 1,3‐oxazol‐5‐sulfonylamides and new 1‐(1,3‐oxazol‐5‐yl)piperidine‐4‐sulfonylamides to connect their anticancer activity to the molecular structure. Combining in vitro and in silico methods, we analyzed how the proximity of the sulfonylamide group to the heterocyclic ring affects the structure–activity interplay. Herein, our assessment is based on the purported complexation of 1,3‐oxazoles with targeted biomolecular fragments involving the π‐stacking interaction and hydrogen bonding within the prospective complexes. Defining the probability of the prospective drug–target interactions, we detail conformational properties, donor/acceptor capabilities, electronic characteristics, and thermodynamic preference of produced sulfanylamide group containing 1,3‐oxazoles toward biomolecular fragments, identifying the nature of variations in anticancer activity.
Electrochemical Enzyme‐Free Dopamine Sensor Based on Prussian Blue Analogues Oxides and MWCNTs
Authors: Xu Weixin , Chen Yumeng , Liu Yueling
Published: October 2024

Dopamine is an important catecholamine neurotransmitter and its precise determination is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. This study presents a high‐performance enzyme‐free electrochemical sensor for dopamine determination based on the combination of Prussian blue analogues oxides with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (PBO@CNTs). The prepared PBO@CNTs exhibited an increased surface area of 49.79 m2/g with abundant mesoporous nanostructure, which providing numerous electroactive sites. Under the optimal conditions, the PBO@CNTs/Au exhibited a high sensitivity of 178.34 μA mM−1 cm−2, a broad linear range between 0.30 μM to 8 mM and a low detection limit of 0.10 μM. It displayed an excellent selectivity towards dopamine by the successive addition of various interfering species through chronoamperometry studies. Besides, the proposed electrodes enjoyed the excellent repeatability, reproducibility and long‐term stability. We also demonstrated the successful application of this sensor for the determination of dopamine in serum. The results indicated that the dopamine‐selective electrochemical enzyme‐free sensors have great potential in clinical application.
BF3 ⋅ OEt2 as a Versatile Reagent: Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Arora Aditi , Chaudhary Riya , Sapra Shivani , Shankar Bhawani , Kumar Sandeep , Singh Brajendra K.
Published: October 2024

Boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, commonly referred to as BF3 ⋅ OEt2, plays a crucial role as a potent reagent in various organic transformations, particularly in the synthesis of heterocyclic systems through the establishment of carbon‐carbon & carbon‐heteroatom bonds. Its Lewis acid properties, reactivity, and stability at room temperature make it essential for a wide range of chemical reactions. BF3 ⋅ OEt2 demonstrates remarkable efficacy in processes such as hydroxylation of double bonds, epoxide cleavage, acid esterification, cyanation, coupling, and diverse cyclization reactions, surpassing other Lewis acids in performance. Its significant impact on organic synthesis extends to the formation of natural products, highlighting its profound significance in the realm of chemistry. The unique properties and versatility of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate make it a fundamental tool for a diverse array of chemical transformations. The numerous applications of this reagent in organic synthesis have prompted the development of a comprehensive review, focusing on its various roles and contributions in this field.
Electrochemical Determination of Tinidazole and Brucine Using Poly (l‐Glutamic Acid) Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode
Authors: Raksha B. , Manjunatha J. G. , Sumanth D. , Kumar Naveen , Aldossari S. A. , Raril C.
Published: October 2024

This study developed an electrochemical method for the selective and sensitive detection of Tinidazole (TZ) by modifying a bare carbon nanotube paste electrode (BCNTPE) with electrochemically polymerized l‐Glutamic acid (P(L‐GA)/MCNTPE). The modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (MCNTPE) achieved optimal detection with an irreversible peak in a 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 3.5. Characterization of both the P(L‐GA)/MCNTPE and BCNTPE was carried out using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The sensor effectively identified possible interferences from different metals and organic compounds, with scan rate studies indicating that the reaction was controlled by diffusion. The effects of pH and concentration variations were also thoroughly investigated. The active surface area of the P(l‐GA)/MCNTPE and BCNTPE were found to be 0.471 cm2 and 0.217 cm2 respectively. The P(l‐GA)/MCNTPE displayed excellent electrochemical properties, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 µM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.2 µM, along with good reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. This study presents a P(l‐GA) MCNTPE that significantly enhances the sensitivity and selectivity for simultaneous detection of TZ and bare carbon nanotube (BCN). The improved electroactive surface area and electron transfer dynamics demonstrate its potential for practical applications in pharmaceutical analysis.
Synthesis of Acetylene‐Functionalized Schiff base for Selective Detection of Al(III) and Exploring Its Antibacterial Properties via In Silico and In Vivo Approach
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Mithun  , Devi Anita , Tamana  , Thakur Yamini , Khurana Sumesh , Vikas  , Singh Baljinder , Joy Monu
Published: October 2024

The identification of perilous metal ions and the treatment of diseases induced by microorganisms are critical areas requiring attention. We report herein the design and development of an acetylene‐functionalized Schiff base compound 4, using a low‐cost and straightforward approach. This compound 4 exhibits dual functions in the detection of harmful metal ions, particularly Al(III), as well as in the prevention of disorders caused by bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). It was well characterized through the utilization of diverse spectroscopic techniques, such as NMR (1H and 13C), FT‐IR, and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the complete structure clarification of the Schiff base compound 4 was revealed through the utilization of X‐ray crystallography. The limit of detection (LOD) for Al(III) is 35.5 × 10−8 M, surpassing the WHO drinking water standard of 26.7 µM, underscoring the high sensitivity of compound 4. The antibacterial activity of compound 4 has also been effectively evaluated on Gram‐positive (S. aureus and B. subtilis) bacteria. Furthermore, compound 4 was docked to S. aureus and B. subtilis proteins, which represents outstanding outcomes with binding energies of −7.31 kcal/mol and −7.87 kcal/mol, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the compound 4 in both in vitro and docking studies suggests that it possesses the potential to serve as an antibacterial agent in the future.
Oxygen‐Bonded Amorphous Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with pH‐Responsive Reactive Oxygen Biocatalysis for Combined Antibacterial and Anti‐inflammatory Therapies in Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Huang Lingyi , Li Tiantian , Geng Wei , Xie Xiaodong , Wang Peiqi , Deng Yuting , Gao Yang , Bai Ding , Tang Tian , Cheng Chong
Published: October 2024

Diabetic wound healing is a formidable challenge, often complicated by biofilms, immune dysregulation, and hindered vascularization within the wound environments. The intricate interplay of these microenvironmental factors has been a significant oversight in the evolution of therapeutic strategies. Herein, the design of an efficient and versatile oxygen‐bonded amorphous transition metal dichalcogenide biocatalyst (aRuS‐Or) with pH‐responsive reactive oxygen biocatalysis for combined antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory therapies in promoting diabetic wound healing is reported. Leveraging the incorporation of Ru─O bonds, aRuS‐Or exhibits optimized adsorption/desorption behavior of oxygen intermediates, thereby enhancing both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation activity in acidic conditions and ROS scavenging performance in neutral environments. Remarkably, aRuS‐Or demonstrates exceptional bactericidal potency within infected milieus through biocatalytic ROS generation. Beyond its antimicrobial capability, post‐eradication, aRuS‐Or serves a dual role in mitigating oxidative stress in inflammatory wounds, providing robust cellular protection and fostering an M2‐phenotype polarization of macrophages, which is pivotal for accelerating the wound repair process. The findings underscore the multifaceted efficacy of aRuS‐Or, which harmoniously integrates high antibacterial action with anti‐inflammatory and pro‐angiogenic properties. This triad of functionalities positions aRuS‐Or as a promising candidate for the comprehensive management of complex diabetic ulcers, addressing the unmet needs in the current therapeutics.
Battery‐Type Desalination Behavior Confined Within Capsules for Efficient Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Liu Liyan , You Shaojie , Liu Haoyang , Ding Zhengxin , Yuan Rusheng , Long Jinlin , Xu Chao
Published: October 2024

Battery‐type faradaic materials are considered a class of promising electrodes for capacitive deionization (CDI) due to their superior ability to store ions through redox reactions. However, the desalination potential of such electrode materials has not been fully explored subject to the accessibility, conductivity, stability, etc. Herein, embedded battery material Ag nanoparticles is designed in capsule‐structural units composed of graphene and constructed freestanding composite electrodes for CDI. Particularly, these Ag nanoparticles confined in interconnected graphene capsules can be both efficiently accessed by the electrolyte and rationally protected by the capsule networks, significantly unlocking their potential as desalination materials. Impressively, the optimized Ag‐involved anodes can achieve an ultrahigh NaCl desalination capacity of ≈360 mg g−1 (≈218 mg g−1 for Cl−) at 1.4 V and exhibit good cycling stability. Moreover, the as‐designed anodes also have very competitive desalination capacities for other anions, such as SO2‐ 4 (≈90 mg g−1) and CrO2‐ 4 (≈77 mg g−1), suggesting the broad applicability of such Ag‐involved electrodes. This work shows that the ingenious introduction of space‐confined structures is an effective means of unlocking the desalination potential of Ag‐based materials, opening up alternative avenues for the development of other high‐performance battery‐type desalination electrodes.
Cell membrane and extracellular vesicle membrane‐coated nanoparticles: An envisaged approach for the management of skin conditions
Authors: Macário‐Soares Ana , Sousa‐Oliveira Inês , Correia Mafalda , Pires Patrícia C. , Sharma Ankur , Kumar Jha Niraj , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Veiga Francisco , Gowda Benachakal Honnegowda Jaswanth , Borzacchiello Assunta , Sethi Gautam , Makvandi Pooyan , Paiva‐Santos Ana Cláudia
Published: October 2024

Cell membrane‐coated biomimetic nanosystems have been recognized as promising drug delivery vehicles in recent years for the management of diverse skin conditions. Nanoparticles (NPs) coated with biomembranes, derived from either cell membranes or subcellular structures (e.g., extracellular vesicles), offer an opportunity to combine the biological interfacial characteristics of the coating alongside with the internal core component at the nanoscale. The biomimetic coating enhances the biocompatibility of NPs and their interaction with the skin, improving skin affinity, contact, and retention. This coating also enables the controlled release of drugs and provides skin‐targeting capabilities, which collectively improve the effectiveness, safety, and stability of topical and transdermal formulations. In this context, the current review delves into the recent progress in using biomimetic NPs for skin therapeutics. Specifically, it examines the various types of coatings, including their origins, heterogeneous functions, and surface molecular repertoires, in great detail. Additionally, this review presents the methods of preparing and characterizing biomimetic‐coated NPs. Furthermore, the potential of bioinspired NPs in treating a range of skin‐related conditions has been meticulously explored. Last, the toxicological aspects of these NPs have been thoroughly examined to provide a thorough summary of the evolution of biomimetic‐coated nanosystems for skin applications.
Molecular Detection of Ehrlichia ruminantium in Cattle From Different Agro‐Ecological Zones of Cameroon: Implication for the Understanding of the Heartwater Epidemiology
Authors: Yangea Tchounkeu Esthelline , Assongo Silatsa Barberine , Ndefo Kamga Rolin Mitterran , Soubgwi Fogue Pythagore , Simo Gustave
Published: October 2024

Although Amblyomma variegatum and Ehrlichia ruminantium infections have been reported in cattle from some agro‐ecological zones (AEZs) of Cameroon, the transmission patterns of this bacterium seem to vary according to endemic areas and its prevalence as well as that of Heartwater remains not well understood in most sub‐Saharan African countries. This study was designed to detect E. ruminantium infections in cattle of four AEZs of Cameroon and to identify areas presenting enzootic stability and those with potentially high risk for Heartwater. Blood samples were collected from cattle in four AEZs of Cameroon. DNA was extracted from blood and semi‐nested PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene of E. ruminantium was used to search for this bacterium. From 569 cattle analysed, an E. ruminantium DNA fragment was detected in 197 of them, giving an overall prevalence of 34.6%. The highest prevalence of E. ruminantium of 48.0% was recorded in cattle from AEZ IV and the lowest (26.0%) in those from AEZ III. Among the AEZs, significant differences (X2 = 14.85, p = 0.002) were recorded in terms of the prevalence of E. ruminantium infections. Villages of the westerly areas are at higher risk for E. ruminantium infections. This study revealed a high prevalence and a wide distribution of E. ruminantium infections in AEZs of Cameroon. It enabled the identification of areas showing an enzootic stability for E. ruminantium transmission as well as those where the transmission of this bacterium is low and where livestock are at higher risk of developing Heartwater.
Effects of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Essential Oil on Bacterial Growth and Expression of Some Virulence Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis
Authors: Hassanzadeh Mohammad , Mirzaie Sara , Pirmahalle Faezeh Rahimi , Yahyaraeyat Ramak , Razmyar Jamshid
Published: October 2024

Background

The investigation on natural antimicrobial compounds against zoonotic pathogens has gained more attention due to the public health concerns regarding the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

Objectives

The current study aimed to assess the effects of thyme essential oil at sub‐minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub‐MICs) on bacterial growth and expression of some virulence genes in Salmonella enteritidis.

Methods

The bacterial growth rate and the expression of four virulence genes in S. enteritidis during 18–72 h of exposure to the essential oil at 25%–75% MIC were evaluated via colony counting and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively.

Results

Sub‐inhibitory concentrations of thyme essential oil significantly reduced the growth rate compared to the control. Expression of all tested virulence genes was also reduced by the essential oil in a significant dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. As an example, decreased down‐regulation of hilA, spv, sefA and invA as 1.7‐, 4.14‐, 2.92‐ and 1.04‐fold in 25% MIC and 6.42‐, 7.81‐, 4.4‐ and 3.75‐fold in 75% MIC was observed, respectively, after 24 h of incubation. Likewise, levels of transcription for hilA, spv, sefA and invA were reduced 4.75‐, 6.95‐, 3.75‐ and 2.98‐fold after 18 h and 9.54‐, 8.81‐, 5.65‐ and 4.77‐fold, respectively, after 72 h in 75% MIC compared to the control.

Conclusions

According to our data, aside from the growth inhibitory effect of thyme essential oil, the results of current study highlight the potential of thyme for reducing the transcriptional level of virulence genes and therefore the pathogenicity of S. enteritidis.
Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza in Guinea Fowls in Some Districts in the Upper East Region of Ghana
Authors: Tweneboah Albert Agyapong , Johnson Sherry Ama Mawuko , Amponsah Patrick Mensah , Asare Derrick Adu , Emikpe Benjamin Obukowho
Published: October 2024

The guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) holds significant agricultural importance in Ghana, particularly in the Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions. Despite their economic and cultural significance, guinea fowls face a potential threat from avian influenza, a global concern for its adverse impact on poultry populations. This study assessed the seroprevalence of the virus in mature guinea fowls in the Upper East Region. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in three districts within the Upper East Region from April to June 2023. Blood samples were collected from 397 guinea fowls that are over 4 weeks old, and seroprevalence was determined using ID Screen Influenza A Antibody Competition Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study analysed demographic factors such as sex, age and source of birds, employing statistical methods to establish associations. Among the sampled guinea fowls, 24.7% tested positive for avian influenza antibodies, whereas 75.3% were seronegative. Age did not show statistically significant associations with seroprevalence, but intriguing patterns were observed. Adult guinea fowls exhibited higher seroprevalence (23.7%) compared to growers (1.0%). The source of birds showed no significant association, but birds from slaughter points demonstrated higher seroprevalence (11.6%) compared to households (5.0%) and live bird markets (8.1%). In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of monitoring avian influenza in guinea fowls to implement effective control measures. The presence of antibodies suggests guinea fowls may contribute to virus transmission in the Upper East Region. The study recommends ongoing nationwide surveillance to assess the true prevalence of avian influenza in guinea fowls across Ghana.
India's response to the Myanmar crisis: A reluctant neighbor
Authors: Khashimwo Pamreihor
Published: October 2024

This article examines India's response to the crisis in Myanmar, which political turmoil, human rights violations, and refugee influxes have characterized. The crisis has posed significant challenges for neighboring countries, particularly India, due to its geographical proximity and historical ties. The primary objective is to examine India's response to the Myanmar crisis, focusing on the complexities and nuances that have shaped its approach. The study analyzes India's policies, diplomatic engagements, and domestic considerations, highlighting the factors contributing to its reluctance to adopt a strong stand on the crisis. By evaluating India's response, the article aims to provide insights into the regional dynamics and the implications for India and Myanmar.