bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative evaluation of effect of intravenous premedication with ondansetron versus granisetron on hemodynamics and sensory-motor blockade produced by intrathecal hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine
Authors: Kumar Abhishake , Inayat Umar , Rastogi Bhawana , Gupta Kumkum , Jain Manish , Tayal Arshiya
Published: April 2019

Background: Bezold Jarisch reflex is important cause of hypotension and bradycardia which occur after spinal anaesthesia. This reflex is elicited by stimulation of peripheral serotonin receptors 5- hydroxytryptamine (5- HT3 type). These receptors have antinociceptive effect, which is confirmed by many studies.The two most commonly used 5HT3 antagonist are ondansetron and granisetrone. Very few comparative studies of the two drugs on the effect after spinal anaesthesia are available.Methods: Ninety adulted patients of either sex aged 18-58 years scheduled for elective infraumbilical surgeries were randomly allocated in three groups to receive intravenous ondansetron 4mg, granisetrone 2mg or normal saline in equal volume 5mins before spinal anesthesia. Hemodynamic changes and time to sensory motor onset and regression were evaluated.Results: There was statistically significant difference in fall of systolic diastolic and mean blood pressure among the three groups. Time to two segment regression of sensory block and time to regression to S1 was faster in ondansentron (76.6±17.2mins, 176±22mins) and granisetrone group (69±17.3mins, 165±19.2mins) in comparision to control group(77.4±24.3mins, 178±21mins) which was statistically significant also p value-0.019, 0.0001 respectively.Conclusions: The prophylactic therapy with 4mg i.v. ondansetron, given five minutes before spinal anaesthesia appears to be significantly most effective and safe for attenuating haemodynamic response after spinal anaesthesia without affecting the duration of sensory block in patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries.
A study on the clinical spectrum and electrocardiographic changes in scorpion sting envenomation
Authors: Senthilkumar M. J. , Kumar P. Suresh , Nagalingam Saranya
Published: April 2019

Background: Scorpion stings, though not a big problem in many developed countries, it is a major public health problem in underdeveloped and in some developing countries all over the world. Objectives was to study on the clinical spectrum and electrocardiographic changes in scorpion sting envenomation.Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care institute after obtaining the IEC clearance and informed consent from the patients for a period of 6 months from January 2018 to June 2018. All the patients admitted to the toxicology ward and general ward with scorpion envenomation during the study period were included in the study. A total number of 53 cases of scorpion envenomation and 20 healthy patients from the outpatient department of General medicine, were taken as controls.Results: Fifty-nine percent of the patients presented with Grade 1 envenomation, seven percent with Grade 2 and thirty four percent with Grade 3 envenomation. Local pain (83%) and tachycardia (19%) were the commonest presenting symptom and sign respectively. Sinus tachycardia (6%) was the commonest ECG abnormality seen in the study. There was statistical significance in the relationship between ECG change and biochemical marker CK-MB.Conclusions: Scorpion envenomation in adults needs to be studied to identify the high-risk groups and to assess the morbidity caused it. There was no mortality due to scorpion sting in the study period and significant correlation between the time delay and severity of envenomation was found which indicates a need for immediate medical care following scorpion sting.
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a rare case report
Authors: Balamurugan Venkataraman , Jayanthi Bharathi Vidhya
Published: April 2019

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a clinicopathologic syndrome, characterised by hyperinflammation due to inherited or acquired defects in the immune function, leading to unchecked proliferation of histiocytes and lymphocytes resulting in multiorgan dysfunction. HLH can be primary (familial) occurring in young children caused by underlying genetic defects in natural killer cells/cytotoxic T cells or secondary HLH occurring in older children or adults following infections, rheumatological disorders or malignancies.  HLH is a medical emergency, having varied clinical presentations and lacks a pathognomonic clinical or laboratory abnormality. Clinical presentations include unexplained fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, skin rash, cytopenias, liver dysfunction, coagulation abnormality and neurological manifestations. It carries a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis based on HLH 2004 criteria and initiation of treatment is crucial in the management strategy, which is likely to improve the outcome of this life-threatening disease. The treatment strategies include immunosuppressive drugs, immunomodulatory therapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant in selected cases. Here with authors report a case of young adult, presenting with fever, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, and multi organ dysfunction, diagnosed as a case of secondary HLH based on the HLH 2004 guidelines.
Local facial flaps: a workhorse for reconstruction of facial malignancies defects
Authors: Rolekar Nikita G. , Goil Pradeep , Rao Jagdeep
Published: April 2019

Background: Face represents complete personality of a human being, so adequate cosmetic correction of facial defects arising due to skin malignancy is very important. After excision, treatment option varies according to size and location of defect for small- or moderately-sized circular defects. In our study, we have evaluated versatility of local flap of face.

Methods: We have included 30 cases of skin malignancy on face in our Institute within the period of June 2016 to May 2018. 20 patients (66.6%) were male and 10 patients (33.3%) were female, in age group from 45 to 65 years. 17 cases had basal cell carcinoma, 10 cases had squamous cell carcinoma and 3 cases had malignant melanoma. Tumours were excised with safe margins and defects reconstructed with local facial flaps. We evaluated the early postoperative complications and after 6months, cosmetic outcome and patient satisfaction was evaluated.  

Results: 30 patients with small to medium-sized defect (3-6 cm), 8 cases were managed with V-Y advancement flap, 7 cases nasolabial flap, 8 cases forehead flap and, 4 cases Limberg flap, 4 cases cheek advancement flap. Postoperatively none of the cases had complications and the functional and aesthetic outcomes were quite acceptable. Aesthetic results were excellent in 15 patients (50%), while in 8 patients good results (27%) and 5 patient fair results (17%) after 6 month.

Conclusions: Local facial flaps are the simple and best option to reconstruct the small to medium size facial malignancies defects and provides excellent skin colour and texture match with gives good aesthetic result.
Functional outcome of locking anatomical plate in extra articular fractures of the distal humerus
Authors: Supe Amit Chandrakant , Palange Nikhil Dilip , Pawar Eknath D. , Mahajan Neetin P.
Published: April 2019

Background: Extra articular distal humerus fractures are difficult to treat with conventional implants like intra medullary nail, 4.5 DCP and dual plate. The present study aims to study the functional outcome of the extra articular distal humerus plate (EADHP).

Methods: 48 patients with displaced extra articular distal humerus fractures were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were age more than 18 years, closed fractures with or without radial nerve palsy and less than 3 weeks old trauma. Patients aged less than 18 years, those having open fractures, fractures more than 3 weeks old, non – unions and pathological fractures were excluded from the study. All patients were operated with EADHP. Clinically, the outcome was assessed by the disability of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score and elbow range of motion radiologically, union was evaluated on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs.

Results: Out of 48 patients, 12 had AO type 12 A1 fracture, 26 patients had type B1 fractures and remaining 10 had type C1 fractures. Mean DASH score at final follow up was 18.1; range being 12.6 to 35.7 points. The mean elbow range of motion was 0 to 130 degrees (range: 120 to 140 degrees). The mean duration for complete radiological fracture union was 14 weeks, range being 12 to 18 weeks.

Conclusions: The extraarticular distal humerus plate is an ideal implant for the fixation of distal humerus fractures since it provides good stability of fracture and enables early return to function.
Management of distal femoral fractures treated with locking compression plate: a prospective study
Authors: Vikranth P. Sai , Chaitanya V. , N. Vamshi Varenya
Published: April 2019

Background: Distal femoral fractures are extremely common and represent 6-8% of all the femoral fractures treated by orthopaedic surgeons. Near anatomical reduction is most important in these fractures to obtain near good functional results. A variety of treatment options are proposed for distal femoral fractures of the treatment with distal femoral LCP has yielded good results. In this study we did a prospective study of 30 patients treated with locking compression plates.

Methods: There were 30 patients both male and female of different age groups treated by plate. All the patients were followed up in orthopaedic department prospectively for 12 months between November 2017 to November 2018. The functional and radiological outcomes were assessed.

Results: The study included 30 patients both male and female in age group between 20 and above 60. Average follow up was 12 months using Neer’s scoring system we had excellent 60%, good 26.6%, fair 6.7%, poor 6.7%.

Conclusions: The locking compression plate along with active physiotherapy proved to be better for distal femoral fractures.
Fractures of metacarpal bone: evaluation of functional outcome of open reduction and internal fixation with mini locking plate: a hospital based study
Authors: Kandasamy Arumugam A. , Pheroz Mozammil , Kumar Arvind , Krishna L. G. , Jain Ankit , Grower Rahul
Published: April 2019

Background: Metacarpal bones fracture is very common. Management of metacarpal fractures varies from conservative to percutaneous pinning to various surgical methods. We endeavour to evaluate the functional outcome of metacarpal fractures in patients managed with open reduction and internal fixation with mini locking plate.

Methods: A total of 32 patients with extra-articular metacarpal bones fracture were recruited for the study. After open reduction the fractures were fixed with the mini locking plate, postoperative day 3, plaster removed and active and passive exercises started. The Michigan hand score was used for functional evaluation, grip strength, visual analogue scale score, range of motion evaluated at follow up till six months.

Results: All the 32 patients achieved union, 31 had full union at 6 weeks whereas 1 patient has delayed union. The Michigan hand outcome questionnaire score of 97.5 % at 6 months in all 32 patients. A total of 5 out of 32 patients had complications, the most common being finger stiffness followed by superficial infection and delayed union.

Conclusions: We concluded that metacarpal plating with mini locking plate is a good option to achieve and maintain a rigid fixation and this method produces a better outcome in unstable fractures of metacarpal bones.
Comparative study of efficacy of glycolic acid (50%) peel and lactic acid (92%) peel in the treatment of melasma
Authors: Raka Alka , Brahmbhatt Vinita U.
Published: April 2019

Background: Melasma is difficult to treat in Fitzpatrick skin type IV-VI and recurrence is a big problem.It causes emotional distress to the patient. There is paucity of controlled trials comparing efficacy of two chemical peels Glycolic acid (50%) Vs Lactic acid (92%) with Hydroquinone 2% cream in melasma treatment.Our goal was to determine efficacy and safety of these peels in melasma.

Methods: A total 50 newly diagnosed patients of melasma were included in the study, over a duration of 1 year in department of Skin and V.D, M.P. Shah Medical college, Guru Gobindsingh Government Hospital, Jamnagar. All patients were advised daily application of Hydroquinone (2%) cream at night for priming. Patients were divided into two groups.Group1 had 2 weekly lactic acid (LA) peel, while Group 2 had 2weekly Glycolic acid (GA) peel with standard application method. Overall severity was assessed via the pre and post treatment melasma area and severity index (MASI) score. Evaluation for clinical improvement was done by graded score.

Results: It was seen in study that at the end of 6 sittings, grade 4 improvement, that is reduction in MASI score by >60% was seen in 27.27% patients in GA peel while 22.72% in LA peel. Amongst the complication noted, in GA peel burning was most common (72.72%) followed by erythema (45.45%). In LA peel only 18.18% showed erythema.

Conclusions: Lactic acid peel has almost equal efficacy to Glycolic acid peel, but LA peel has much lesser side effects, leads to increasing the patient compliance, hence making it new peeling agent of choice for treatment of melasma.
Clinical and histopathological features in lepra reaction: a study of 50 cases
Authors: Shah Urvi H. , Jadwani Monal M. , Raju Sahana P. , Ladani Pranav H. , Bhuptani Neela V.
Published: April 2019

Background: Lepra reactions remain a major persistent problem in leprosy. Type 1 and type 2 (erythema nodosum leprosum-ENL) reactions are the major causes of nerve damage and permanent disabilities. Diagnosing lepra reactions correctly is important for timely institution of therapy to prevent and treat disability and morbidity. Aim and objectives of the study were to make detailed observations on clinical and histopathological features of type1 and type 2 lepra reactions.

Methods: In this study we included 50 patients diagnosed during a 1-year period as lepra reactions based on clinic-histopathological corelation.

Results: Out of the 50 patients, 4 were of type 1 reaction and 46 of type 2 reaction from which recurrence was more commonly seen with type 2 reactions. The most consistent histopathological findings in type1 reaction were periadnexal inflammatory infiltrates (100%) and lymphocytes in granuloma (100%), followed by papillary dermal edema and intercellular edema within granuloma (75%). Surprisingly, folliculotropism of and lymphocytic panniculitis was seen in 50% cases. In ENL, the most common histological findings were periadnexal inflammatory infiltrates (95.6%), presence of neutrophils within the granuloma (86.9%), foamy macrophages followed by papillary dermal edema (69.5%), and neutrophilic panniculitis (43.4%). Vasculitis like changes was noted in only 46% cases.

Conclusions: Infiltration of macrophage granulomas by neutrophils is a reliable sign of ENL. Classical signs of vasculitis are not always present in ENL. Folliculotropism and lymphocytic panniculitis are frequent in type1 reactions while neutrophilic panniculitis is common with ENL.
Aggressive mycosis fungoides/sézary syndrome in Nigeria: case report and literature review
Authors: Arowojolu Oreoluwa , Afolaranmi Oluwasegun , Jimoh Mutiu
Published: April 2019

Mycosis fungoides and its variant, sézary syndrome are rare neoplastic conditions which are part of a larger group of lymphomas that primarily affect the skin known as cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. We report a case of fatal aggressive mycosis fungoides/sézary syndrome in a 55-year old Nigerian man who initially developed pruritic hyperpigmented spots on his skin which progressed over the course of 5 years to widespread scaly mixed hyperpigmented and hypopigmented plaques and nodules with features of organ involvement despite being managed with Psoralen and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA), total skin electron-beam (TSEB), local electron-beam radiation, bexarotene, and oral prednisolone and chlorambucil (Winklemann regimen). In the process, we highlight the rarity of the condition, its ease of misdiagnosis and its predilection for people of Sub-Saharan decent.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ ДОДАНОЇ ВАРТОСТІ У ВАРТІСНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ
Authors: Davydov O. I.
Published: April 2019

Розглянуто необхідність проведення якісного порівняльного аналізу моделей доданої вартості, визначення можливостей їх використання у вартісно-орієнтованому управлінні підприємствами. Установлено відмінні особливості моделей економічної доданої вартості, ринкової доданої вартості, рентабельності інвестицій за грошовими потоками, грошової доданої вартості, акціонерної доданої вартості, доданої вартості для стейкхолдерів. Визначено, що відмінні особливості моделей доданої вартості обумовлюють ступінь адекватності оцінки доданої вартості з позицій її прийнятності для управлінських цілей. Досліджено наукові підходи до порівняння моделей доданої вартості за допомогою параметрів, які, на думку вчених, є найбільш важливими для впровадження системи вартісно-орієнтованого управління підприємствами. Для забезпечення ефективної реалізації концепції вартісно-орієнтованого управління запропоновано параметри порівняння моделей доданої вартості: включеність очікувань майбутніх результатів діяльності підприємств, ступінь складності, можливість створення системи факторів. Здійснено порівняння моделей доданої вартості з позицій ефективності їх використання у вартісно-орієнтованому управлінні підприємствами за параметрами, які визначають включеність очікувань майбутніх результатів діяльності підприємств, ступінь складності та можливість створення системи факторів. Доведено потребу додаткового зіставлення моделей доданої вартості для їхньої адекватної порівняльної характеристики за параметрами: вимірювання фундаментальних ефектів фінансово-господарської діяльності підприємства і врахування вигод його стейкхолдерів (власників, менеджерів, працівників, кредиторів, партнерів, держави). Виконано додатковий порівняльний аналіз моделей доданої вартості для цілей вартісно-орієнтованого управління підприємствами за параметрами: вимірювання фундаментальних ефектів фінансово-господарської діяльності підприємства і врахування вигід його стейкхолдерів.З’ясовано, що наявні моделі доданої вартості мають обмежені можливості використання у вартісно-орієнтованому управлінні у зв’язку з повною або частковою включеністю очікувань майбутніх результатів діяльності підприємства, високим або середнім ступенем складності. Проблематичним є створення системи факторів у моделях ринкової доданої вартості, рентабельності інвестицій за грошовими потоками, доданої вартості для стейкхолдерів. Усі моделі доданої вартості мають недоліки при вимірюванні фундаментальних ефектів фінансово-господарської діяльності підприємства. Неповне врахування вигід стейкхолдерів підприємства характерно для більшості моделей доданої вартості. Обмежені можливості використання моделей доданої вартості у вартісно-орієнтованому управлінні зумовлюють доцільність розроблення нової моделі доданої вартості з орієнтацією на найбільш ефективне її застосування в управлінні підприємствами на основі вартісного підходу.
FORMATION OF DUTY BEHAVIOR WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE PRESENCE OF THE NON-GOVERNMENTAL ECONOMY
Authors: Kuzmynchuk Nataliia , Nazarova Tetiana , Drugova Olena , Vyadrova N. G. , Chkheailo Anna
Published: April 2019

In this study, the main attention is paid to the problem of "shadowing" the Ukrainian economy during the crisis period. Theoretical approaches to determining the functions of taxes and factors affecting real tax revenues were studied. A scientific study was carried out that will reveal the motives of the behavior of taxpayers, who are explicitly or implicitly laid in the basis of approaches to the formation of the mechanism of taxation and tax policy of the state. Consequently, we tried to determine motives of the behavior of taxpayers, which explicitly or implicitly form the basis of approaches to the formation of the tax mechanism and the tax policy of the state.  So, we tried to determine the level of the shadow economy, taking into account the modeling of the dynamics of tax behavior of economic entities, which, of course, will allow to increase the efficiency of management of the budget process, in particular, planning of budget expenditures to regional authorities.The article defines the necessity of improving the tools of state regulation of the economy, taking into account the specific conditions of development, and creates scientific and methodological support for the formation of concepts, strategies and programs of socio-economic development of the country and regions by the authorities. The theoretical positions concerning the role of the state in the regulation of fiscal-budgetary relations in the light of the evolution of the views of the known economic schools are outlined, and the expediency of introducing the views of well-known economic schools into practice has been outlined, which will help to develop regulatory measures to overcome negative phenomena in the economyIt is generally agreed that evasion of payment of taxes and fees leads to a number of negative consequences for both state power, and for the country's society (the threat of development, the collapse of the national economy, the negative influence on the distribution of resources redistribution between the spheres of economy, the threat to democratic values and social institutions). Systematically conceptualized the motives of the behavior of the subtitles, which were used as the basis for the formation of the mechanism of the podcasting and subjective policy of the state. Factors influencing the regulatory policy of the country and the factors influencing the adoption of decisions by the parties associated with the subtraction of subtractions are considered. The structure of the mechanization of the formation of a subtle behavior is proposed. The problems of tax evasion were identified and countermeasures were proposed to facilitate the development of an effective state anti-political policy in Ukraine.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE IMPACT OF ACTORS OF SOCIAL RELATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LABOUR MARKET IN UKRAINE
Authors: Yelagin V. P. , Luhovenko N. V. , Afanasieva Yu. V.
Published: April 2019

The relational perspective of state-business-society relations has been outlines, what allows rethinking the approaches to an alternative understanding of the role of the state at the current level of its development. It has been defined that the institutional approach in solving socio-economic problems of the society not always meet the interests and needs of such actors as the state, business and society. Market transformations, new forms of economic groups, development of corporations require another format of relations between employers and employees.In the process of studying the activities of different actors in the labour market, there is a firm assumption that the corporate activities of the state and society make their joint decisions more efficient in solving socio-economic problems. The prominent role of the civil society influence on the processes, which occur directly in the economy due to the joint efforts of the state and business in the labour market, has been determined.The problems of employment through employment center sand private recruitment agencies have been studied. The activities of the public employment services in comparison with leading recruitment agencies have been characterized; the competitive benefits of the latter in Ukraine have been outlined.  On the basis of this, it has been suggested to narrow down some functions of the public institutions as those which lost their relevance, what will contribute to sufficient savings in public funds. The activities of the employment centers, the employment processes, and socio-economic role of business in the area have been characterized. It has been concluded that in the strategy of managing various processes both in the state and business there are more common than opposite features, what should be taken into consideration while creating joint programs, projects or scenarios when the state and market unite into a more efficient team. It will result in making the social projects more efficient. The areas of competence of the state have been determined. It has also been indicated that the work of the employment centers should focus on the employment of people in need of additional social protection, namely youth, women with children, citizens of pre-retirement age and other priority social groups.Mechanisms for resolving complex social and economic controversies that would make social projects more effective have been further developed.Those areas of socio-economic policy that considered monopoly of the state influence and regulation have been defined as regressive what require immediate reforms.
STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL APPROACH IN THE WORLD-THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Colell Christopher Daniel , Kneysler O. V. , Spasiv N. Ya. , Fedorovych І. М.
Published: April 2019

Taking into account the limited theoretical study of the territorial communities, the aspects of their scientific knowledge from the standpoint of the structural-functional approach are highlighted. Using the structural-functional approach, the functions of territorial communities as the subjects of local self-government are disclosed, their division into public and private functions is substantiated. It has been established that the functional research of the territorial communities is the most successful way to reveal their economic content and essence. It has been determined that the theory of the territorial communities’ functions originates from the legislation of Ukraine, is based on the experience of local self-government bodies and the achievement of scientific thought in the field of local self-government. At the same time, a critical review of the theoretical approaches of modern scholars to the classification of the territorial communities’ functions allowed to state not the objectivity of these approaches, but the fields of scientific interests of each of them. The territorial community, performing public and private functions, ensures the realization of the basic social and economic rights of its members, involving them to local self-government. The criteria for this classification are the objective nature of the complex of tasks that local self-government and the territorial communities try to solve as their primary subjects. The variety and diversity nature of the tasks, arising before local government, produces the directions of the activities of the territorial communities, namely their functions. This process is interdependent and dynamic, since the range of functions is wide and permanently variable.
ОБЛІКОВА ПОЛІТИКА СУБ’ЄКТА ДЕРЖАВНОГО СЕКТОРУ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ СИСТЕМИ БУХГАЛТЕРСЬКОГО ОБЛІКУ
Authors: Lutsyk Yu. O.
Published: April 2019

Досліджується питання сутності облікової політики як складової системи бухгалтерського обліку відповідно до вимог Національних положень (стандартів) бухгалтерського обліку. Обґрунтовано актуальність і важливість дослідження питання формування облікової політики на сучасному етапі розвитку в умовах, коли цілісність системи показників бухгалтерського обліку і безперервність облікового процесу є основою для ухвалення стратегічно важливих управлінських рішень.Визначено поняття «облікова політика», її зміст, призначення, практичне застосування. Охарактеризовано основні рівні формування облікової політики та їхні інструменти, які сприяють і підтримують ідею гармонізації системи бухгалтерського обліку та фінансової звітності відповідно до національних і міжнародних положень (стандартів).Розглянуто методику формування облікової політики суб’єктами державного сектору через систему поетапних дій. Розкрито зміст та елементи облікової політики, основна мета яких — забезпечення суцільного облікового процесу. Виявлено особливості формування облікової політики для суб’єктів державного сектору на сучасному етапі модернізації системи бухгалтерського обліку.Акцентовано увагу на низці ризиків, які виникають безпосередньо при адаптації суб’єктів державного сектору до сучасних вимог системи бухгалтерського обліку і відповідно при впровадженні облікової політики, що не може не впливати на якість облікового процесу і на рівень виконання намічених заходів.Доведено важливість питання формування облікової політики для суб’єктів державного сектору з метою створення ефективної системи бухгалтерського обліку і формування єдиного інформаційного простору відповідно до вимог міжнародних положень (стандартів).
FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL ASPECT OF THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROCESS
Authors: Khvostenko V. S. , Kipa M. A. , Aleksieienko I. I.
Published: April 2019

This article provides theoretical synthesis and critical analysis of existing scientific approaches to the concept "technology transfer". The author's vision of the nature of this concept is proved. In the framework of clarifying the nature the list of objects of technology transfer is specified and its financial and commercial character is defined. The article highlighted two approaches to technology transfer entity definition. According to the first scientific approach, technology transfer is defined as an innovative, technological, socio-technical process interaction and exchange, transfer and adaptation of knowledge, skills, experience, technology, information, industrial property, machinery and equipment on commercial or non-commercial basis. Another scientific approach to defining the nature of technology transfer is its interpretation as the creation and transmission to the practical organizations or the intellectual property market of scientific and technological achievements, processes of their usage, ideas and concepts, know-how, property rights. The investigation of the nature of technology transfer revealed its basic kind – commercial. Nowadays, in the theory and practice the technology of transfer remains controversial issues of delimitation of concepts such as "technology transfer" and "commercialization of intellectual property". We propose to interpret the concept of "technology transfer" as the process of changing the ownership of the object of technology or its component in a commercial or free form in order to achieve a new better economic or social impact, production or getting different result. The proposed definition allows determining the object and the subject of technology transfer and specifying its purpose as a form of economic activity.According to the results of the study, the most controversial features of technology transfer are defined. They include objects and nature of the transfer. Based on the analysis of basic scientific approaches to determine the objects of transfer, their main types were found, including knowledge, property rights on intellectual property, information on commercial or non-commercial basis.
COMPLEX BUSINESS SOLUTIONS ON RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN RETAIL
Authors: Grosul V. A. , Mkrtchan T. M. , Zubkov S. O. , Karapetyan N. N.
Published: April 2019

Retail companies are largely addicted to the risk of economic activity due to their industry specifics, which requires them to focus on a comprehensive study of the problem of risk. The purpose of the article is to investigate the operational and financial leverage in terms of using its capabilities to manage the risks of the retail company. The task, the decision of which is aimed at researching this article, is to improve the methodical tools of integrated assessment and risk management in the economic cycle of retail companies in the process of asset conversion. The research of the conditions for the formation of operational and financial leverage in retail companies showed that the calculation of analytical indicators for their assessment has methodological features, due to the structure and nature of used material and financial resources, as well as the formation of effective indicators of economic activity. Under research, it was confirmed the hypothesis of the possibility of comprehensive assessment and risk management of retail companies on the basis of analysis of the variability of profit and the impact on the process of its risks’ generating associated with the use efficiency of assets and capital of the enterprise by calculating the combined effect of the operational and financial leverage. For the reasoned adoption of effective business decisions and ensuring the comprehensiveness of risk assessment and risk management in retail, the proposed methodological approach, which involves the calculation of the cumulative effect of operational and financial leverage, as well as its components, adapted to the specifics of the retail. The research of combined operational and financial risk using the proposed scientific methodological approach has confirmed its effectiveness and correctness of the hypothesis about the need to reflect in the analytical calculations of use in the trade and technological process of retail companies operating lease objects and the value of trade payables.
ANÁLISE DA INJEÇÃO DE ÁGUA QUENTE EM UM RESERVATÓRIO DE ÓLEO LEVE COM CONFIGURAÇÕES EM LINHAS DIRETAS E LINHAS ESCONSAS
Authors: Fernandes Geovanna Cruz , De Souza Bianca Gabriel , Vidal Douglas Bitencourt , Santana Rocha Karolline Dewanele , Mendes Hariel Udi Santana
Published: April 2019

Os métodos de recuperação avançada de óleo são utilizados com o objetivo de otimizar o rendimento das reservas petrolíferas, alcançando as maiores taxas de recuperação possíveis. Devido ao baixo custo e maior abundância, o principal método utilizado é a injeção de água. Entretanto, este método possui limitação na eficiência de varrido e boa parte do óleo permanece no reservatório. Neste cenário, as malhas de injeção, isto é, a distribuição dos poços injetores e produtores são de fundamental importância quando se deseja aumentar a área do reservatório que é varrida pela água injetada. Este trabalho tem o intuito de analisar o desempenho da injeção de água em um reservatório de óleo leve, comparando duas configurações de injeção, a de linhas diretas e a de linhas esconsas. Para a realização dessas análises, utilizou-se o simulador ANSYS CFX 18.1, aplicando o método de recuperação térmico para cada esquema de injeção. Os parâmetros analisados foram saturação de óleo, variação da pressão ao longo do tempo e vazão de injeção, a fim de encontrar dados para eficiência de varrido e fator de recuperação. Dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que a injeção de água se deu conforme o esperado, além de mostrar que a melhor configuração de injeção foi a de linhas esconsas, já que obteve os melhores valores para eficiência de varrido e fator de recuperação.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM TENSOATIVO A BASE DE ÓLEO DE BABAÇU PARA FORMULAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS MICROEMULSIONADOS USADO PARA QUEBRA DE EMULSÕES DO TIPO ÁGUA EM ÓLEO
Authors: Santos Maria Fernanda Oliveira , Jesus Victória Santana Alles de , Silva Gabriel Francisco da , Silva Maria Suzana , Santos João Paulo Lobo dos
Published: April 2019

Durante o processo de produção de petróleo, a formação de emulsões desencadeia um conjunto de problemas que prejudica da produção até o refino. Os problemas básicos devido a existência de água estão associados aos processos de corrosão, aumento dos custos de bombeamento e escoamento, incrustação inorgânica nos equipamentos, entre outros. Para tentar solucionar este problema, a indústria tem despertado interesse na aplicação do sistema microemulssionados. As microemulsões são misturas com tensão interfacial baixa, alta estabilidade e com capacidade de solubilização tanto de substâncias aquosas quanto de oleosas sendo exequível na quebra de emulsões. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um tensoativo a base de óleo de babaçu saponificado (OBS) utilizado para construção dos diagramas de fases pseudoternários para determinação da região de Winsor IV de dois sistemas microemulssionados: C/T = 10 (n-butanol/ OBS) e óleo de babaçu na fase oleosa (sistema 1); C/T = 10 (isoamílico/OBS) e tolueno na fase oleosa (sistema 2). Além disso foi selecionado o desemulsificante L19 para uma análise comparativa da eficiência na quebra da emulsão em relação aos demais sistemas. Os pontos foram aplicados a um petróleo caracterizado por BSW de 24%, °API, de 23,57 e massa específica de 0,912 g/ml e observou-se leitura do volume de água separada pelo teste de quebra. Como resultado do experimento, obteve-se que o sistema 2 apresentou uma maior região de Winsor IV, entretanto o ponto do sistema 1 desencadeou uma maior eficiência na quebra de emulsão de 21,68% comparado os outros.
USO DE CATALISADOR MAGNÉTICO DO TIPO FERRITA NÍQUEL-ZINCO PARA A OBTENÇÃO DE BIODIESEL
Authors: Gonçalves Ruth Luna do Nascimento , Costa Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo , Pereira Kleberson Ricardo de Oliveira
Published: April 2019

As reações para a síntese de biodiesel podem ser homogêneas ou heterogêneas, a depender do catalisador utilizado, sendo a heterogênea a melhor alternativa por permitir que o catalisador seja recuperado após a reação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a eficiência do catalisador magnético do tipo ferrita (Ni0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4), em reação de transesterificação, antes e após a sua recuperação. A taxa de conversão em biodiesel foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa. Os resultados mostraram que, no terceiro reuso, a taxa de conversão caiu de 80,25% (amostra de catalisador virgem) para 68,31%. Isto indica que a recuperação e posterior reuso é viável, pois as características catalíticas ainda podem ser mantidas.
Characterization of morphological and yield variation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) genotypes
Authors: Çamlýca Mahmut , Yaldýz Gülsüm
Published: April 2019

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. has an important place among cultivated plants in our country as well as in the world. This study was carried out to determine the morphological and yield properties of 118 fenugreek genotypes which obtained from
United States Department of Agriculture and local cultivars. Among the genotypes and controls, plant height (24.95-85.15 cm), first pod height (17.00-35.78 cm), pod weight (0.63-63.05 g per plant-1), number of seed per pod (3.56-14.30), pod lenght
(7.01-36.10 cm), 1000 seed weight (0.49-56.31 g) and seed yield per plant (0.21-27.44 g) were determined. As a result of study, the highest seed yield and 1000 seed weight were seen in PI 296394 genotype. Dendogram analysis grouped the set of
fenugreek genotypes into two main groups and many of fenugreek genotypes in same origin were found in different groups.
Speaking Self-Efficacy and EFL Student Teachers’ Speaking Achievement
Authors: ALAWIYAH TUTIK
Published: April 2019

This study was to find out the significant correlation between students’ speaking self-efficacy and their speaking achievement and to know the significant influence of speaking self-efficacy on their speaking achievement. The population of the study was 470 active students of English Education Study Program of Tarbiyah Faculty and Teaching Sciences at State Islamic University of Raden Fatah Palembang in academic year 2017/2018. The sample of this study was 103 students of all the students in sixth semester chosen by using purposive sampling technique, but there were 96 students participating when the study was conducted. A questionnare was used to measure students’ speaking self-efficacy and a speaking test was conducted to know students’ speaking achievement. The collected data then were analyzed by using the correlational and regression analysis computerized with SPSS 22. Based on the analysis results, it was found that there was statistically significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and speaking achievement in p-output was 0.00 which was smaller that 0.05 (0.00<0.05). Besides, the correlational coefficient of the test was .349. Thus, the level of correlation was weak. This study also indicated that students’ speaking-self-efficacy influenced their speaking achievement with contribution 12.2%.
Elimination of Excess Capacity in Monopolistic Competition: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Islam Mohammed Saiful
Published: April 2019

Monopolistic competition is a real life market structure in which the elements of both perfect competition and monopoly exist. The paper examines the properties of perfect competition and monopoly under the purview of both conventional and Islamic economics. It finds that perfect competition is permissible in Islamic economic framework but monopoly is not. Monopolistic competition, however, cannot be fully abolished because of its real life relevance. The main problem lying with the monopolistic competition is that each firm preserves the capacity of producing more than what they produce in equilibrium- this is generally known as excess capacity. The current paper proposes a model that eliminates excess capacity and shows how the monopolistically competitive firms may remain at an output level that is socially optimum. The proposed model is a modification of Chamberlin (1933) model. According to the proposed model, the firms will produce socially desirable output if they are given some incentives. Amount of required incentive is the difference between the cost of producing additional units of output and the profit foregone due to the deviation from profit maximizing output level.
Pressure Effects on Low-Liquid-Loading Oil/Gas Flow in Slightly Upward Inclined Pipes: Flow Pattern, Pressure Gradient, and Liquid Holdup
Authors: Rodrigues Hendy T. , Pereyra Eduardo , Sarica Cem
Published: April 2019

This paper studied the effects of system pressure on oil/gas low–liquid–loading flow in a slightly upward inclined pipe configuration using new experimental data acquired in a high–pressure flow loop. Flow rates are representative of the flow in wet–gas transport pipelines. Results for flow pattern observations, pressure gradient, liquid holdup, and interfacial–roughness measurements were calculated and compared to available predictive models. The experiments were carried out at three system pressures (1.48, 2.17, and 2.86 MPa) in a 0.155–m–inside diameter (ID) pipe inclined at 2° from the horizontal. Isopar™ L oil and nitrogen gas were the working fluids. Liquid superficial velocities ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 m/s, while gas superficial velocities ranged from 1.5 to 16 m/s. Measurements included pressure gradient and liquid holdup. Flow visualization and wire–mesh–sensor (WMS) data were used to identify the flow patterns. Interfacial roughness was obtained from the WMS data.

Three flow patterns were observed: pseudo-slug, stratified, and annular. Pseudo-slug is characterized as an intermittent flow where the liquid does not occupy the whole pipe cross section as does a traditional slug flow. In the annular flow pattern, the bulk of the liquid was observed to flow at the pipe bottom in a stratified configuration; however, a thin liquid film covered the whole pipe circumference. In both stratified and annular flow patterns, the interface between the gas core and the bottom liquid film presented a flat shape. The superficial gas Froude number, FrSg, was found to be an important dimensionless parameter to scale the pressure effects on the measured parameters. In the pseudo-slug flow pattern, the flow is gravity–dominated. Pressure gradient is a function of FrSg and liquid superficial velocity, vSL. Liquid holdup is independent of vSL and a function of FrSg. In the stratified and annular flow patterns, the flow is friction–dominated. Both pressure gradient and liquid holdup are functions of FrSg and vSL. Interfacial–roughness measurements showed a small variation in the stratified and annular flow patterns. Model comparison produced mixed results, depending on the specific flow conditions. A relation between the measured interfacial roughness and the interfacial friction factor was proposed, and the results agreed with the existing measurements.
What is the impact of intravitreal injection of conbercept on neovascular glaucoma patients: a prospective, interventional case series study
Authors: Shi Liukun , Yang Jin , Lin Jinyong
Published: April 2019

Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal conbercept combined with trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation for neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Methods Fifty patients (54 eyes) with NVG were included in this prospective study. Fifty-two eyes initially underwent intravitreal conbercept (0.5mg/0.05ml), and then trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation were performed. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), number of antiglaucoma medications, and surgical complications were recorded. The levels of VEGF-A, TGF-β1 and PLGF in aqueous humour that were collected during surgery were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the surgically excised trabecular tissue; enucleation was performed for 2 eyes, and light microscopy was used as the histopathological control. Results The follow-up period after trabeculectomy was 1 year. Of the 52 eyes, 39 eyes completed the 1-year follow-up and 13 eyes were lost to follow up. Recurrence of iris neovascularization was observed in 5 eyes, 9 eyes had hyphema, 16 eyes had filter bled scarring, no eye had complication attributable to the drug. The mean IOP was reduced from 48.1±14.2 mmHg to 23.2±8.7 mmHg, and the mean number of antiglaucoma medications used decreased from 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) to 1.0 (0.0, 1.0) at 1 year (both P < 0.05). The complete success rate was 76.9%, 76.9%, 71.0%, 51.6%, 32.3% at 1week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12months when the cut off of IOP was 18mmHg. After patients underwent intravitreal injection, the concentrations of VEGF-A and TGF-β1 in aqueous humour in NVG patients decreased from 168.8±13.4 pg/ml and 159.6±15.4 pg/ml to 160.2±7.6 pg/ml and 151.9±2.3 pg/ml, respectively (both P < 0.05). Light microscopy revealed neovascularization regression in the iris in specimens with intravitreal conbercept. Electron microscopy revealed trabecular endothelial cells degeneration in the conbercept-treated specimens. Conclusions Our initial findings suggest that intravitreal conbercept is an effective treatment for managing neovascular glaucoma, with fewer postoperative complications in the short-term. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR1800019918, 8 December 2018, Retrospectively registered.
Detection of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and elimination of carryover contamination by multiple cross displacement amplification coupled with antarctic thermal sensitive uracil-DNA-glycosylase
Authors: Yan Linlin , Zhao Fan , Niu Lina , Cai Yu , Wu Lei , Zhu Xiaoxue , Wu Yuanyuan , Nong Jinqing , Hu Shoukui
Published: April 2019

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important clinical pathogenic bacterium, which is the primary cause of meningitis, septicemia and community-acquired pneumonia. The mortality rate of pneumococcal disease was high, especially in children under 5 years of age. Rapid and accurate detection of S. pneumoniae is critical.
Methods: A ply gene-based multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA), which amplifies DNA under isothermal conditions (65 °C) for 40 min, was established for accurate and rapid detection of S. pneumoniae. Antarctic thermal sensitive uracil-DNA-glycosylase (AUDG) was applied for eliminating carryover contamination. Lateral flow biosensor (LFB) was used to indicate the amplification results.
Results: The ply-MCDA assay can detect as little as 10 fg of S. pneumoniae DNA, as well as 447 CFU/mL of spiked sputum samples. The sensitivity of ply-MCDA assay in clinical samples was 100 times that of PCR. The specificity of MCDA primer targeting the ply gene was validated using 15 S. pneumoniae and 25 non-S. pneumoniae, suggesting that ply gene-based MCDA assay was highly selective for S. pneumoniae. Moreover, the ply-MCDA coupled with AUDG can effectively eliminate carryover contamination, and then prevent false-positive results.
Conclusion: The ply-MCDA assay coupled with AUDG was a simple, rapid and accurate method in the diagnosis of S. pneumoniae infection.