bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA PADA SISWA KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 1 TANJUNGBUMI DESA MACAJAH KECAMATAN TANJUNGBUMI KABUPATEN BANGKALAN
Authors: Maramah Fadilatul , Kusmiyati Kusmiyati , Martono Boedi
Published: June 2022

Kesantunan berbahasa merupakan suasana berinteraksi menyenangkan dan komunikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik sedangkan pragmatik merupakan kajian dalam ilmu linguistik yang membahas mengenai kemampuan pemakaian bahasa dalam tuturan seorang mitra tutur.Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis suatu kesantunan berbahasa siswa dengan siswa dan siswa dengan guru di SMA Negeri 1 Tanjungbumi Desa Macajah Kecamatan Tanjungbumi Kabupaten Bangkalan, yang terdiri dari maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim, kedermawanan, maksim penghargaan, maksim kesederhanaan, maksim permufakatan, dan maksim kesimpatian, oleh karena itu peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif sehingga hasil dari penelitian ini diuraikan dari masing-masing maksim yang ada pada tuturan siswa dengan siswa dan siswa dengan guru di kelas XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Tanjungbumi.Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif.Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan ini dari maksim kesantunan berbahasa tuturan siswa dengan siswa dan siswa dengan guru di SMA Negeri 1 Tanjungbumi tepatnya di kelas XI IPA 1 tahun akademik 2019/2020 dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar di dalam kelas ataupun kegiatan di luar kelas. Dalam data penelitian ini yang paling banyak ditemuakan adalah maksim penghargaan.
MAKNA TEMATIK DALAM LIRIK LAGU KARYA EBIET G ADE SEBUAH TINJAUAN STILISTIKA
Authors: Idham Idham
Published: June 2022

Bahasa lirik lagu tidak jauh berbeda dengan bahasa puisi. Lirik adalah puisi pendek yang mengekspresikan emosi. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini mendeskripsikan makna tematik pada lirik lagu Ebiet G Ade dengan menggunakan pendekatan stilistika. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskrptif, data peneltian ini adalah bahasa lirik lagu  yang terdapat pada albm Ebiet G Ade sebanyak 60 lirik lagu yang diambil secara acak. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan heuristik secara mendalam guna mendapatkan makna secara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna bahasa lirik lagu Ebiet G Ade terdapat pilihan kata-kata yang digunakan dalam lirik lagu Ebiet G Ade penuh dengan kata-kata kiasa, sehingga dapat dinikmati oleh pendengarnya. Selain itu, pilihan kata-kata yang digunakan terdapat makna-makna kiasan yang menimbulkan tema religi, tema social, cinta, dan lingkungan hidup. Ini berarti bahwa lagu yang dibawakannya begitu dekat dengan realita kehidupan masyarakat manusia.    

 
ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK DARING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Suharto Teguh , Ricahyono Sigit
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan strategi pembelajaran daring yang digunakan oleh guru-guru di SDN 2 Karangpatihan Kecamatan Balong Ponorogo selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah dokumen, peristiwa, dan informan. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah guru kelas I sampai dengan guru kelas VI, peserta didik, dan wali peserta didik. Peristiwa dalam penelitian ini adalah segala bentuk kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan guru kelas I sampai dengan kelas VI secara daring maupun kombinasi. Dokumen yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah, prota, promes, silabus, RPP, dan daftar nilai. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Validitas data menggunakan teknik metode triangulasi dengan sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di SDN 2 Karangpatihan berjalan dengan baik. Hasil pembelajaran guru yang menggunakan daring campuran menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik daripada daring penuh. Semakin banyak variasi aplikasi yang digunakan untuk pembelajaran daring menunjukkan peningkatan hasil pembelajaran.
KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS DI SDN TANJUNGREJO 02 KECAMATAN KEBONSARI KABUPATEN MADIUN)
Authors: Kurniawati Hesti , Cahyono Bambang Eko Hari , Wuryantoro Aris
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman guru terhadap KI dan KD, tujuan pembelajaran, langkah-langkah pembelajaran dan alat penilaian pada kurikulum 2013 mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Yang dimaksud kasus adalah fenomena kompetensi guru SDN Tanjungrejo 02 Kecamatan Kebonsari dalam menyusun RPP Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian studi kasus dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan berbagai informasi yang akan diolah dan dideskripsikan serta menghasilkan suatu solusi jika terdapat masalah dalam fenomena yang diteliti. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah hasil wawancara dan dokumen berupa RPP serta dokumen lain yang berkaitan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru sudah paham terhadap KI dan KD, tujuan pembelajaran, langkah-langkah pembelajaran dan alat penilaian pada kurikulum 2013 mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut diharapkan guru terus meningkatkan kompetensi diri melalui inovasi-inovasi yang baru.
PENGARUH MEDIA GOOGLE CLASSROOM TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN BELAJAR MATA KULIAH SEMANTIK MAHASISWA STKIP PGRI TRENGGALEK
Authors: Baharsah Bagas , Puspitaningsih Flora
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengaruh media Google Classroom terhadap keberhasilan belajar mata kuliah Semantik mahasiswa semester 5 Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia STKIP PGRI Trenggalek. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan sifat korelasi sebab-akibat. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa semester 5 yang mengambil mata kuliah Semantik dengan total 19 mahasiswa. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa angket dan wawancara tentang media Google Classroom dan keberhasilan belajar mata kuliah Semantik. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier sederhana dan pengujian hipotesis yang menggunakan uji One Sample T-Test dengan bantuan aplikasi IBM SPSS versi 23. Angket yang sudah diberikan sebelumnya sudah melalui tahap pengujian yaitu menggunakan uji validitas dan reliabilitas.  Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keberhasilan belajar mata kuliah Semantik dengan ditunjukkan nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05. Selain itu hasil analisis regresi linier sederhana mendapatkan tingkat pengaruh 62,1% terhadap variabel keberhasilan belajar dan tingkat keberhasilan belajar mahasiswa berada pada kategori sedang. Namun masih terdapat 37,9% tingkat pengaruh yang disebabkan oleh faktor lain. Adapun hasil wawancara secara garis besar masalah yang dialami oleh mahasiswa kurang lebih sama, mulai dari kendala jaringan dan materi kurang dapat dipahami.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN KOLABORASI PENDEKATAN SAVI (SOMATIS, AUDITORI, VISUAL, INTELEKTUAL) DAN PENDEKATAN WHOLE LANGUANGE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR TEKS NEGOSIASI KELAS X DI SMK UNITOMO SURABAYA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Salsabila Aditya Fitri , Utami Sri , Martono Budi
Published: June 2022

Pada proses pembelajaran dibutuhkan pendekatan yang tepat untuk mengasah kemampuan anak dan mendapatkan hasil belajar yang maksimal. Pengkolaborasian dari pendekatan SAVI dan Whole Language ini dapat mengasah kemampuan anak mulai dari indera yang dapat menggunakan gerak tubuh dalam belajar, mendengarkan, melihat, dan mempraktikan, serta menyalurkan pemikirannya melalui mulut dengan berbahasa yang baik dan benar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dalam pelaksanaannya melibatkan dua kelas untuk membandingkan hasil akhir. Terdapat kelas eksperimen (kelas A penggabungan pendekatan SAVI dan Whole Language) dan kelas kontrol (kelas B metode ceramah). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektivitasan penerapan dari pengabungan pendekatan SAVI  dan pendekatan Whole Languange terhadap hasil belajar dari siswa yang mengikuti proses pembelajaran yang berbeda dari sebelumnya di kelas X pada materi teks negosiasi. Hasil data analsis menggunakan SPSS, pada konsep SPSS Jika nilai dari sig. (2-tailed) < 0,05 maka terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar pada kelas A (Eksperimen) dan kelas B (Kontrol). Setelah diteliti pada data SPSS hasil nilai dari sig. (2-tailed) < 0,014 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari kelas eksperimen yang diberikan pendekatan SAVI dan Whole Language dari pada kelas kontrol yang menggunakan metode ceramah. Artinya kelas eeksperimen memiliki hasil belajar yang signifikan.
Analisis Pelayanan Ibadah Umroh Pada Perusahaan Jasa Penyelenggara Umroh Di Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Zulkifli  , Muhammad Arif  , Zulfadli Hamzah
Published: June 2022

Pelaksanaan ibadah umrah dewasa ini bukan hanya sekedar ritual ibadah saja tetapi sudah mengarah sebagai gaya hidup, eksistensi diri dan komoditas industri. Penomena ini mengakibatkan banyaknya bermunculan perusahaan jasa penyelenggara umroh yang saling berkompetisi untuk menarik simpati masyarakat, kesemuanya belomba-lomba menawarkan pembinaan, pelayanan dan perlindungan dengan berbagai kelebihan fasilitas yang berbeda untuk menarik perhatian masyarakat. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa interview (wawancara) kepada responden. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pengelola perusahaan jasa penyelenggara umroh yang ada di kota pekanbaru sebanyak 14 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sample. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perusahaan jasa peyelenggaraan umroh di kota Pekanbaru sudah memberikan pelayanan yang baik dan sesuai dengan standar minimal yang telah di tentukan oleh pemerintah baik dari segi pelayanan administrasi, pelayanan konsumsi, pelayanan akomodasi dan tranportasi, pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan beberapa factor yang mendukung dalam pelayanan ibadah umroh di antaranya adalah perusahaan memiliki gedung dan fasilitas yang lengkap, brand nama perusahaan yang sudah dikenal oleh masyarakat, memiliki ustadz pembimbing dan karyawan yang terampil. Terdapat juga beberapa faktor yang menghambat dalam pelayanan ibadah umroh diantranya adalah jalur terbang yang jauh, modal yang di miliki sedikit dan tidak cukup, dokumen perizinan jamaah yang tidak lengkap, harga yang tidak terjangkau oleh semua kalangan.
Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in infertile women with Polycystic ovarian syndrome and its possible association with endocrine parameters
Authors: Kulkarni Vinuta B. , Shilpasree A.S. , Patil Vidya S. , Desai Rathnamala M.
Published: June 2022

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age group characterised by various metabolic and reproductive disturbances. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin having major influence on reproductive health. The beneficial effects of vitamin D on reproduction may be attributed to ovulation stimulation as well as improved implantation. Since infertility is the frequent presentation in patients with PCOS, we aim to determine the circulating vitamin D levels in infertile patients with PCOS in comparison with normal fertile controls and to correlate it with other endocrine parameters. A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital including 111 infertile patients presenting with PCOS and 107 normal fertile controls in the age group 18-39yrs. Circulating FSH, LH, Total testosterone, SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) and vitamin D levels were measured in both the groups by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. Circulating vitamin D levels in PCOS patients was compared with normal fertile controls using unpaired ‘t’ test and correlated with other endocrine parameters like FSH, LH, Testosterone, SHBG and FAI using Pearson correlation analysis. Mean circulating vitamin D levels in cases were significantly lower compared to controls (17.08 Vs 26.95, p<0.001). Vitamin D showed a significant negative correlation with testosterone (r -0.66, p<0.001), FAI (r -0.41, p<0.001) and significant positive correlation with SHBG (r 0.18, p< 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between circulating vitamin D levels with other endocrine parameters like FSH, LH and LH:FSH ratio. Low circulating vitamin D levels in infertile PCOS patients and its correlation with endocrine parameters found in our study suggest the possible role of this fat-soluble vitamin in pathogenesis and complications of PCOS.
Screening and detection of temperate bacteriophages in the starter cultures
Authors: Varalakshmi S.
Published: June 2022

Fermented dairy products are considered functional foods in many parts of the world. Fermentation failure in the dairy industry results in tremendous economic loss to the dairy industry and entrepreneurs. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of temperate bacteriophages in the cheese and yogurt cultures. Two tests were standardized and used to detect the presence of phages viz., double layer plaque assay and the spot test. Temperate phages were detected in the cheese and yogurt culture and confirmed to belong to the Siphoviridae family by morphological studies using transmission electron microscope. The study provides the scientific evidence creating awareness of the presence of temperate bacteriophages in the dairy starter cultures used in the production process of the fermented dairy products.
Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of Angelica glauca of Uttarakhand region using ISSR markers
Authors: Rawat Tarangini , Gupta Sanjay
Published: June 2022

Genetic diversity studies of endangered plant help us to understand the endangering causes and evolutionary history of species. To provide the authentic data on the protection of endangered species Angelica glauca, we evaluated the genetic diversity by using ISSR molecular marker. The study demonstrates the genetic diversity and population structure of the plant. The genomic DNA of A.glauca of 13 geographical sources was amplified by using 7 ISSR primers. The average percent polymorphic bands show 62.11%. Seven primers amplified 55 fragments with an average of 7.85 fragments per primer. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by UPGMA cluster analysis. This study has demonstrated the effectiveness of ISSR in molecular characterization of Angelica glauca within populations and among populations and genetically characterized the Angelica species which might have a significant contribution onto the genetic and ecological conservation of this important medicinal plant. Also, this study indicates that the ISSR analyses are important and potent molecular tools for the study of genetic diversity and authentication of organisms.
Statistical optimization of medium components and growth conditions to enhance Polyhydroxybutyrate yield by Bacillus endophyticus MTCC 13038
Authors: Soni S. , Chhokar V. , Beniwal V. , Jangra R.M. , Kumar A.
Published: June 2022

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable polymer accumulated as carbon and energy reserve granules by several bacteria and is ideal substitute for petroleum-based polymers. The present study aimed to isolate PHB producing bacteria and optimize medium components and growth conditions to enhance PHB yield. Potent PHB accumulating bacterial strain was isolated from oil spilled soil and identified as Bacillus endophyticus based on its 16S rRNA analysis. Sudan Black B staining method was used to detect PHB granules and affirmed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis was conducted for thermal analysis of extracted PHB polymer. Bacillus endophyticus showed highest PHB accumulation utilizing glucose as the carbon and potassium nitrate as the nitrogen source which were further optimized along with physical parameters like pH and temperature using Box and Behnken method. The highest biomass (7.49 g/L) and PHB (3.67 g/L) were observed at pH 7, temp. 37ºC, glucose 25 g/L and potassium nitrate 0.1 g/L. Bacillus endophyticus was found to accumulate up to 49% PHB under optimized conditions. These results indicate the potential application of Bacillus endophyticus at the industrial level for PHB production.
Efficacy of Calotropis gigantea L. flower extract and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against fungal pathogens
Authors: Yuvabharathikannan D. , Mosa Christas K. , Ranjani Devi M.
Published: June 2022

Following the emergence of resistant fungal pathogens, plants mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been recognized as promising tools to combat fungal pathogens. This study evaluated the potency of Calotropis gigantea L. in producing AgNPs followed by testing their antifungal effects against fungal pathogens. AgNPs were successfully produced utilizing the aqueous extract of C. gigantea flower extract. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDX and XRD analyzes. The visible brown color validated the synthesis of AgNPs and the UV-Vis spectrum revealed a maximum absorption at 438 nm. The SEM and EDX analyzes revealed that the AgNPs were rod shaped ranging from 10 nm to 150 nm in size along with the presence of elemental Ag. The X-ray diffraction further indicated that the biosynthesized AgNPs were crystalline in nature. The C. gigantea flower extract and biosynthesized AgNPs effectively mitigate the fungal growth viz.: Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Cryptococcus neoformans, Phialophora verrucosa and Sporothrix schenckii. The maximum inhibition in growth by biosynthesized AgNPs was observed against P. verrucosa (13 mm) whereas the flower extract of C. gigantea was most effective against P. verrucosa (14.5 mm) and S. schenckii (13.5 mm). These findings may suggest C. gigantea flower extract as a green solution for biosynthesizing AgNPs with tremendous potentiality towards controlling human and plant pathogenic fungus.
Comparative studies on the release behaviours of gallic acid and eurycomanone as active ingredients in herbal supplement
Authors: Zainol Noorazwani , Mohd Azman Nazurah , Mohd Asri Mohd Eeyad Arief , Ganesan Khetiswari , Abang Zaidel Dayang Norulfairuz
Published: June 2022

Herbal supplements often incorporate herb mixtures to prevent clumping and to control the release of medicinal compounds and mask bitter tastes. Medium solution and time affected the release rate of active components. In this study, active compounds from herbal supplements were examined for their release behavior in different media [0.1 M HCl, 30% EtOH, acetate buffer (pH 4.8) and phosphate buffer pH 6.3] at different times upon exposure to different media using a dissolution equipment. An aliquot was collected every 15 minutes for a total of 120 minutes. Analyses of reverse-phase HPLC were used to determine the amount of gallic acid and eurycomanone present in the samples. Reference standards for the study were Kacip Fatimah (KV) and Tongkat Ali (TS). The results demonstrate that the release behaviour of all samples varied, however samples labelled KA and TA displayed the maximum release rate of galic acid and eurycomanone in an acidic medium (0.1 M HCl) at 30 minutes. Meanwhile, the sample labelled as TC had the lowest rate of Eurycomanone emission. The highest gallic acid concentration was found in sample KA and the highest Eurycomanone level was found in sample TA. For both groups ranging from 20 to 60 minutes, the acidic media demonstrated the best results for assessing the release behavior of active components. Data on correlations showed a monotone relationship.
Production of an antimicrobial protein in a batch fermentor by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBL27
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Kumaravel
Published: June 2022

For the production of many biologically important enzymes, drugs and chemical compounds, microorganisms are used in industry. They can be easily cultivated in a fermentor due to their small size and producing higher yields. The production of broad spectrum antimicrobial protein from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBL27 was studied in a 3 L fermentor (Bioengineering, Switzerland) containing 2 L production medium. The study was carried out at optimum aeration rate (1.0 vvm), agitation rate (350 rpm), antifoam concentration (0.025% (w/v)) and glucose concentration [1.0% (w/v)], pH 7.0 and temperature 300C. The antimicrobial protein produced had 7400 AU/ml inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. This antimicrobial protein exhibited inhibitory activity towards a broad spectrum of wound and clinical pathogens including gram positive and gram negative organisms.
Spin-Mapping Methods for Simulating Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Dynamics
Authors: Runeson Johan E. , Mannouch Jonathan R. , Amati Graziano , Fiechter Marit R. , Richardson Jeremy O.
Published: June 2022

Many chemical reactions exhibit nonadiabatic effects as a consequence of coupling between electronic states and/or interaction with light. While a fully quantum description of nonadiabatic reactions is unfeasible for most realistic molecules, a more computationally tractable approach is to combine a classical description of the nuclei with a quantum description of the electronic states. Combining the formalisms of quantum and classical dynamics is however a difficult problem for which standard methods (such as Ehrenfest dynamics and surface hopping) may be insufficient. In this article, we review a new trajectory-based approach developed in our group that is able to describe nonadiabatic dynamics with a higher accuracy than previous approaches but for a similar level of computational effort. This method treats the electronic states with a phase-space representation for discrete-level systems, which in the two-level case is analogous to a spin-½. We point out the key features of the method and demonstrate its use in a variety of applications, including ultrafast transfer through conical intersections, damped coherent excitation under coupling to a strong light field, and nonlinear spectroscopy of light-harvesting complexes.
Bringing Functional Context to Emerging Proximity-mapping Proteomics Tools
Authors: Aye Yimon
Published: June 2022

If one considers chemical-biology toolsets that have had the greatest impact on numerous fields of life sciences over the most recent years, proximity-labeling tools, such as APEX, and Bio-ID arguably lead the way. This article reflects upon the current state-of-the-art and discusses key limitations underlying these emerging approaches, in particular, the limited functional knowledge they provide in understanding local proteomes / interactomes. This limitation is directly linked to the use of non-biologically- or non-pharmaceutically-relevant reactive intermediates in the course of covalently labeling the local proteomes. As such, these methods cannot report on specific functions of localized protein players, nor can they scrutinize whether the specific functions of such proteins/interactomes can be directly manipulated by pharmacologically-relevant small-molecule ligands. The latest data hint that precision localized electrophile delivery concept ushers a means to address this limitation with high spatiotemporal resolution, and ultimately, in relevant live animals.
Highly Purified Glucose Isomerase Crystals Under Microgravity Conditions Grow as Fast as Those on the Ground Do
Authors: Suzuki Yoshihisa , Ninomiya Ai , Fukuyama Seijiro , Shimaoka Taro , Nagai Masae , Inaka Koji , Yanagiya Shin-ichiro , Sone Takehiko , Wachi Shingo , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Arai Yasutomo , Tsukamoto Katsuo
Published: June 2022

Suppression of convection flows (solute transportation) and of impurity incorporation into crystals seem to be the main reasons why the quality of protein crystals improves under microgravity, although their precise mechanisms have not been completely discovered yet. We tried to clarify effects of suppression of convection flows on crystallization processes by in-situ observation of straight steps on parallelogram-shaped spiral growth hillocks on the {110} faces of highly purified glucose isomerase (GI) crystals under microgravity conditions and on the ground. Lateral growth rates Vlateral of a spiral hillock on the {110} face of a glucose isomerase crystal in situ under microgravity and step velocities Vstep of the same configuration on the ground had similar maximum values. This similarity indicates the convection flow has a small, if any, influence on the growth rates of protein crystals, contrary to conventional expectations. From Vstep of the straight step in a particular direction, we calculated the vibrational frequency of a GI tetramer at a kink site of a step as (1182±3) s^(-1) with the assumption of zero activation energy of kink incorporation processes.
Lysozyme protected Cu Nano-Cluster: A Photo Switch for the Selective Sensing of Iron (Fe2+)
Authors: Sebastian Anna , . Aarya , Sarangi Bibhu Ranjan , Sen Mojumdar Supratik
Published: June 2022

Protein capped metal nanoclusters gained a lot of recent attention due to their wide range of applications. However copper nanoclusters are difficult to synthesize due to their tendency to undergo oxidation. Here we successfully synthesized a stable, biocompatible lysozyme protected Cu nanocluster (Lys-Cu NC) using an optimized green one-pot protocol under aqueous condition at room temperature. The nanocluster showed a strong photoluminescence intensity (λex = 365 nm, λem = 430 nm) which can be significantly and selectively quenched (off) by Fe2+ ions. Upon addition of NaOH the initial photoluminescence intensity can be recovered completely (on) thereby making the nanocluster a suitable candidate for a photo switch that can be reliably reused for the selective and sensitive detection of Fe2+ ions in the nanomolar (detection limit ~2.5 nM) concentration range. The synthesized nanocluster further has been successfully used to rapidly estimate iron level in complex systems (such as ground water and human hemoglobin samples). The photoluminescence intensity of the nanocluster is also sensitive towards temperature indicating that it can be used as a temperature sensor in different biological systems. This biofriendly nanocluster further used as an excellent nanoprobe for in-vivo cell imaging studies. Thus this Lys-Cu NC can be emerged as a next generation novel nanoprobe for various interdisciplinary applications.
Predicting clinical trial outcomes using drug bioactivities through graph database integration and machine learning
Authors: Murali Vidhya , Y Muralidhar Pradyumna , Königs Cassandra , Nair Meera , Madhu Sethulekshmi , Nedungadi Prema , Srinivasa Gowri , Athri Prashanth
Published: June 2022

The ability to estimate the probability of a drug to receive approval in clinical trials provides natural advantages to optimizing pharmaceutical research workflows. Success rates of clinical trials have deep implications to costs, duration of development, and under pressure due to stringent regulatory approval processes. We propose a machine learning approach that can predict the outcome of the trial with reliable accuracies, using biological activities, physicochemical properties of the compounds, target-related features, and NLP-based compound representation. Biological activities have never been used as a predictive feature. We have extracted the drug-disease pair from clinical trials and mapped target(s) to that pair using multiple data sources. Empirical results demonstrate that ensemble learning outperforms independently trained, small-data ML models. We report results and inferences derived from a Random forest classifier with an average accuracy of 93%, and an F1 score of 0.96 for the 'Pass' class. 'Pass' refers to one of the two classes (Pass/ Fail) of all clinical trials and the model performed well in predicting the 'Pass' category. An analysis of the features demonstrates that bioactivity plays an important role in predicting the outcome of a clinical trial. A significant effort has gone into the production of the dataset that, for the first time, integrates clinical trial information with protein targets. All code to map these entities is available through this study, and all data are from publicly available sources. While our model identifies low-lying inferences when biological activities are included, the code to integrate biological activity and target information provide researchers with access to deep curated and proprietary clinical trial databases the ability to get deeper insights, better statistical significance, and capabilities to better predict trial failures.
Elucidating N-acyl amino acids as a model protoamphiphilic system
Authors: Joshi Manesh Prakash , Uday Ashwin , Rajamani Sudha
Published: June 2022

Protoamphiphiles are prebiotically-plausible moieties that would have constituted protocell membranes on early Earth. Although prebiotic soup would have contained a diverse set of amphiphiles capable of generating protocell membranes, earlier studies were mainly limited to fatty acid-based systems. Herein, we characterize N-acyl amino acids (NAAs) as a model protoamphiphilic system. Specifically, we report a new abiotic route for their synthesis under wet-dry cycles from amino acids and monoglycerides via an ester-amide exchange process. We also demonstrate how N-oleoyl glycine (NOG, a representative NAA) results in vesicle formation over a broad pH range when blended with a monoglyceride or a fatty acid. Notably, NOG also acts as a substrate for peptide synthesis under wet-dry cycles, generating different lipopeptides. Overall, our study establishes NAAs as a promising protoamphiphilic system, and highlights their significance in generating robust and functional protocell membranes on primitive Earth.
Justification for automobile transportation technology of limited coal shipments in the city
Authors: Vitvitsky E. E. , Yurieva N. I. , Tazhigulova G. O. , Kurymbaev S. G. , Baigozhina P. U.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. In the economy of states, one of the constant tasks remains to ensure the urgent needs of the population, in an autumn-winter period in cities and settlements, the task of providing fuel (coal) to households is highlighted. The demand for coal is limited by solvency and distributed over the entire period of negative air temperatures. Hence, the supply of coal for the period of heating of dwellings is formed, in many cases, by purchasing lots of coal, representing a share of the total demand during the specified period. The purpose of this work is to find reasonable answers on the use of transportation technologies for limited shipments of goods in cities.Materials and methods. The solution to the problem was carried out within the framework of operational planning for the transportation of limited shipments of coal for the population throughout the city on the basis of the concept of an approach to building a general theory of truck systems functioning for motor transport shipping network, using a regulatory approach when calculating transportation costs, descriptive models of the car’s operation in micro- and delivery motor transport shipping network.Results. Through mathematical modelling, reasonable values of operational plans for the transportation of limited shipments of coal in cities by machine technology and delivery were obtained. Regulatory approach to cost calculation, electronic database of road transport industry updated at the date of calculation. Software and mathematical support for calculating the costs of cargo transportation as part of models of micro and especially small motor transport systems made it possible to reliably determine the planned values of transportation costs by machine technology and delivery.Discussion and conclusion. The advantage of using delivery technology in the conditions under consideration has been established, when transporting coal by road using the case of a city.
Espacio público y comunidad. La disolución de lo rural en el sector San José de Cocotog en el borde urbano de Quito.
Authors: Guerrero Prado Verónica , Moreno Vaca Patricio Rafael
Published: June 2022

El articulo busca establecer más que el concepto teórico, el entendimiento común que se tiene del ESPACIO PÚBLICO, en un escenario que se encuentra sometido a un proceso de modificación y transformación urbano – arquitectónica.   Esta transformación nos lleva a analizar dos modos de habitar, dos estilos de vida y dos mundos que, por el crecimiento y expansión urbana, luchan, a manera de sobrevivencia del más fuerte, por imponer sus características y condiciones originales sobre el otro, nos encontramos con un sector RURAL, que en una época determinada tenía clara su vocación agrícola y de producción, su trabajo comunitario y vida en COMUNIDAD, sus costumbres y tradiciones; el cual se ve “amenazado” por la llegada de una ola de características propias del sector URBANO,  por la optimización del suelo como mercancía, el incremento de las construcciones, la vida acelerada y el individualismo social.
La La integración fronteriza: una retrospectiva en el límite norte Ecuador – Colombia
Authors: Chávez Rosero Jairo Ricardo , García Revelo Luis Ramiro , Sanipatín Ponce Luis
Published: June 2022

El tema relacionado a la integración fronteriza ecuatoriano – colombiana es un tema de discusión continua en las relaciones internacionales de ambos países, su cobertura y en especial su espectro hacia la sociedad lo convierte en un tema sensible de enorme trascendencia.  El presente trabajo es resultado de la investigación denominada “Los integracionistas Ecuador y Colombia, una retrospectiva de los procesos de integración de frontera, período de estudio 1990 – 2018” y que  pretendió focalizar la visión y acción de personajes ecuatorianos y colombianos que contribuyeron a la realización de acciones en bienestar de los pueblos fronterizos, su mirada hacia el aporte cultural, deportivo, social, económico e inclusive histórico, muy poco investigado y difundido a nivel académico. Se partió de una revisión y recopilación bibliográfica, hemerográfica y linkográfica, que es muy escasa; además, los investigadores realizaron el trabajo en campo con entrevistas no estructuradas hacia personajes sobresalientes y que aún viven en las provincias de Carchi e Imbabura (Ecuador) y el departamento de Nariño (Colombia); los datos fueron tabulados y analizados mediante el software Atlas Ti y cuyos resultados fueron parafraseados después del análisis respectivo. Bajo esta perspectiva se pudo comprobar que la riqueza cultural, social y económica que vivieron y viven las naciones en franja de frontera posee una fortaleza escondida en materia de integración, cada ciudadano es un protagonista integracionista por la acción formal o informal que hace y da vida a los pueblos desde el campo en que contextualice su accionar; además, los gobiernos incentivan el progreso con la ejecución de gabinetes presidenciales que hasta cierto momento contribuyen al progreso de las naciones fronterizas pero que es necesario dar seguimiento a la ejecución proactiva en base a las facultades que cada organismo o ciudadano lo puedan realizar.
Gestión pedagógica para la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en el cantón Otavalo, Ecuador
Authors: Hernández Ledys , Lárez Lárez Alexander , Romero González Ana Julia , Armas Sánchez Karen
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo propone la gestión académica como herramienta para el fortalecimiento de la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en el cantón Otavalo, Ecuador. La problemática surge en la emergencia de la modalidad virtual de enseñanza durante la pandemia producida por el COVID-19, donde se agudizaron las crisis educativas y socioeconómicas ya existentes en los contextos comunitarios, que obstaculizaron la aplicación del modelo educativo en el territorio. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la gestión pedagógica para la enseñanza, desde la integración de funciones sustantivas universitarias. Para ello, se utilizó la metodología de la Investigación- Acción educativa, con la participación voluntaria de 16 docentes de la enseñanza básica media. A través de las cuatro fases investigativas que propone la metodología y, aplicando el grupo focal y la observación participante como técnicas, los resultados arrojan cambios positivos en los aspectos concebidos en el diseño metodológico: a) relación docente – estudiante; b) planeación de clases; c) herramientas virtuales de enseñanza; d) metodologías activas para el aprendizaje; e) formas de evaluación y apoyo pedagógico a estudiantes con dificultades de aprendizaje. El proceso investigativo se realizó mediante la integración de las funciones sustantivas universitarias: academia, investigación y vinculación con la sociedad. Las conclusiones enfatizan en la gestión pedagógica como elemento fundamental para el fortalecimiento de la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe, a partir de las experiencias docentes. Por otro lado, se demuestra que la integración de las funciones sustantivas consolida la relación teórico-práctica de los estudiantes universitarios en un proceso de acción crítica transformadora sobre la realidad.
Evaluación de escenarios de acceso a crédito en explotaciones lecheras de la provincia de Cotopaxi
Authors: Lascano Nelson , Castillo Daniel , Córdova Ana , Morales Lilian , Franco-Crespo Christian
Published: June 2022

La exportación e importación de leche fresca representa una generación de recursos que aporta a la economía mundial (US D11,38 MM para el 2020). En el Ecuador la producción pecuaria y especializada en producción lechera genera ingresos para grandes y medianas explotaciones. Sin embargo, en el caso de las pequeñas explotaciones lecheras, las transacciones se han convertido en una importante fuente de ingresos familiares en efecto semanal. Por este motivo, el presente estudio tiene como propósito analizar la realidad de la producción de leche cruda en la Provincia de Cotopaxi en el marco de la política agropecuaria. La metodología tiene un enfoque cuantitativo dentro del paradigma positivista, bajo un análisis transversal de los datos obtenidos durante los años 2018 mediante encuestas, bajo un instrumento diseñado tipo encuesta semiestructurada en la provincia de Cotopaxi. Es así que, la investigación se analiza las características estructurales de tenencia de tierra, analizado mediante el índice de Gini, así como la aplicación de modelos matemáticos para simular escenarios de política pública de incentivo de acceso a crédito. Los resultados demuestran una desigualdad en el acceso a tierra (0,68 índice de Gini). Además, ante el escenario convencional de acceso a crédito, las grandes explotaciones (> 1 ha) mantienen un mayor aprovechamiento de factores de producción y rendimiento. Sin embargo, ante la generación de un escenario en el que se mejora el acceso a crédito de los pequeños productores (< 0.5 ha), se produce una distribución más uniforme entre todos los grupos observados. Se concluye que al generarse un cambio en la política de acceso a créditos se podría impulsar un mejora en el rendimiento por mejorar el acceso a tecnología y contratación de mano de obra  en explotaciones medianas (0.5 ha – 1 ha)  y pequeñas analizadas en la provincia de Cotopaxi.
Stafne bone cavity: Report of two case series of Posterior variant with unusual presentation
Authors: G K Ganga , H M Sunitha , Rodricks Deepshika , Naik Vathsala
Published: June 2022

Stafne bone cavity (SBC) is an unusual bony defect of the mandible, first described by Edward C.Stafne in 1942. SBC is described as an unusual, asymptomatic, unilateral, well-defined radiolucent area with corticated border on the lingual cortex of the mandible between the inferior border of mandibular canal and the lower body of the mandible. The most accepted concept of etiology is due to the entrapment or constant strain of the deranged salivary gland on the lingual cortex of the mandible. In this case series we have described the innocuous nature of SBC found incidentally on panaromic radiograph, and further evaluation done by clinical and Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Both the cases were asymptomatic with no signs of swelling or other clinically significant features. Hence, surgical intervention was not indicated, due to squelch nature of SBC, hence patients were advised for periodic follow up once in 1 year.
The Cartographic Representation for Direction Population Distribution Center in Pishdar District
Authors: Mohammed Dana Abbas , Ahmad Pshtiwan Shafeeq
Published: June 2022

Map design for directions of population distribution has its own value and importance, as it determines the nature of the distribution of human population, the degree of their distribution, the center of location and density of populations. In general, this includes an important cornerstone of research on population mapping and geography.
     The aim of this study is to identify and outline the center points on the study area map, which will be a helpful factor in understanding how the inhabitants are distributed. To this end, the study first discusses the symbols used to represent the population map, and then discusses the central points of the study area. Finally, the study ends with a number of conclusions, which in light of these points, a number of suggestions have been proposed.
The study also relied on statistical fundamentals (quantitative analysis), using the Spatial Statistics Tools (GIS 10.8) to extract the center points and the closest neighbor. Spatial Analysis is also used in Interpolation (IDW) to identify areas of population density.
The Analysis Morphometric Watershed Dolabafra Baisn
Authors: Ibrahim Yadgar Mustafa , Mohmmed Pshtiwan Ali , Ahmed Pshtiwan Shfeeq , Mahmod Shaswar Mohameed
Published: June 2022

Watershed of Dolabfra is one of the branches of little river in Pishder sub-district, this river flows down into The little river in almost three km far away from south of west of Sultanade village, this basic of river is located in latitude (northern Longitude °36: ¯25:꓿00-°36: ¯29: ꓿00.) (°45: ¯03: ꓿00- east °45: ¯13: ꓿00)eastern longitudes. the main resources of watershed is located the land of Kurdistan Region and board of Pishder sub-district, the source of water providing of this river is situated in a valley of Sharueta village. The main aim of this research includes two parts, the first one is recognition of the characteristics of environments of the area of the research and the second one is to design a special map for each one. Thus, for the purpose of analyzing and using the water resources in the area of the research.  In the beginning analysis has been presented for the natural environment of the Basin of Dolabfre and its influence on system of the irrigation, such as (geology, topography, weather and soil) thus, this is through analyzing each of the natural characteristics and direct and indirect effect on flowing river. In the second part, the most important morphometric measures for basin has been carried out, in a way that there is a focus on characteristics of the research (square of the area, shape, height and low, net of the flow of the river). The outcome of the research reveals that natural characteristics of the area of research play main role in the richness of water resources and speed of flow of steam, brook and main river of the basin.
The Reflection of Television Techniques in News Programs of Journalist Performance
Authors: Muhamad Wria Rostam , Khidhir Ali Radwan , Hameed Hakim Othman
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to determine and display the level of applying modern technologies in news programs and their impacts on journalist performance. This study depended on descriptive study by using survey method. The study was conducted on(80) journalist in Rudaw satellite channel through selecting conditional sampling. The researcher used questionary tools and observation methods in data collections.
The present study concluded that, the most research samples agreed that using of modern techniques ,have many important in producing news programs . Also, the use of modern techniques and variety of news content are considered the most important types to attractive audiences. This research confirmed that using the modern techniques , has many impact of the journalist performance. In which it becomes giving the loyalty and Famous. Also their rolls in presenting of news content ,that’s lead to invention and apply their skills within modern techniques.
Translating the Pragmatic Markers (just, but, oh, and, well) in the Movies The Dry and Taxi Driver 1976 from English into Kurdish
Authors: Hamad Hiwa Ahmad , Sabir Anjuman Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Although pragmatic markers (PMs) play a very significant role in our daily conversation, they have been neglected in the Kurdish language. The aim of the present study is to analyse, compare and find out the translation errors and which type of error is the most common one in translating five pragmatic markers namely just, but, oh, and, and well in English movie scripts with Kurdish subtitles. To conduct this study, two movies were chosen. The movies were selected from two different decades, the 1970s and the 2020s. After the selection of the movies, five commonly used PMs which were mentioned in Brinton’s (1996) inventory of PMs were searched and obtained by the aid of computer software (Microsoft Office Word and Adobe Acrobat Reader). The obtained PMs in this study were analysed carefully by the researcher and errors in translation were identified. The results reveal that deletion is the most prevailing error made by Kurdish translators in the translation of PMs in movie subtitles followed by foreign translation and translation into a different PM and mistranslation errors.
Measure Counter-Suggestion at University Students
Authors: Ibrahim Omer Yassen , Sulayman Shawbo Shamsaden , Khalid Jinan Hadi
Published: June 2022

This research aims to measure counter-suggestion students at University and identify its levels according to variable (gender ) ,The study sample consisted of )302( students at Salahaddin University-Erbil who were selected in a random manner in Society different colleges at Salahaddin University namber of (21105) students for the academic year )2020-2021( at morning study , the researchers construction the scale counter-suggestion as composite (62( items, after derivatio the honesty and stability of the construction as well as measuring instrnment, the researchers applied the scale counter-suggestion as composite(62( items at sampling final form of the research, for statistical means of data analysis of usage (Spss) program, showed the following search results:

 1- The members of the study sample in general have a good level of counter-suggestion.

There are statistical differences between students according to the gender variable and it is more in favor of the male sample.

In the light of the results of the study, a number of conclusions and recommendations were reached and the researchers made a number of recommendations and proposals at the end of the study.