bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uwarunkowania udostępniania danych badawczych przez polskich humanistów. Rekonesans
Authors: Korycińska Paloma
Published: December 2021

As part of a wider project based on MMR, the first round of qualitative study was carried out from May to July 2021 on a convenience sample of 14 scholars from Polish universities, representing the field of humanities, with a predominance of modern languages specialists. We posed the following research question: how the way they perceive their own research data impacts on the willingness of Polish humanists to adhere to Open Research Data initiatives. In adequacy with this subject of inquiry, we applied the combination of phenomenography and guided tour method. The material was collected via semi-structured interviews and examined through the lens of phenomenographic analysis. In conclusions, we present a map of categories of experience that may determine the practical approach of humanists towards Open Research Data. The central category turned out to be "Selfhood", understood as the close connection between the researcher and with the data he/she produces. While "Selfhood" itself appears to be a neutral feature, other categories related to it are classified as potential barriers. Taking into account all the identified determinants, we formulate practical postulates addressed to digital data curators operating in Polish academic and scholarly libraries.
Udział młodzieży akademickiej w przedsięwzięciach bibliograficznych w okresie zaborów (druga połowa XIX i początek XX wieku)
Authors: Matczuk Alicja
Published: December 2021

In the second half of the 19th century and in early 20th century, one could observe an increase in the appearance of bibliographic studies initiated or prepared by Polish university students. This new form of bibliographic work was promoted by scientific societies, especially Czytelnia Akademicka - an association of young people studying at University of Lviv and Jagiellonian University. Created in the 1860s under the auspices of leading academics, it was further developed in scientific societies with bibliography-oriented profiles. Lviv pioneered quantitative and qualitative bibliographic projects and it was there, that the Historians Society, under the direction of Ludwik Finkel, created the fundamental Bibliography of Polish History, a basic scientific aid to historians, as well as Alexander Hirschberg’s Bibliography of Uprisings of the Polish People. It was there too that the first attempts were made to compile current bibliography in the field of literature and philosophy. Students at Jagiellonian University were also bibliographically active, although to a much lesser extent. For example, Franciszek Gawełek initiated and individually developed a Retrospective Bibliography of Polish Ethnography. Also, students of the Faculty of Imperial Law of the University of Warsaw (located in the Kingdom of Poland) contributed to Adolf Suligowski’s works on the Bibliography of Polish Law of 19th and 20th Centuries
Działalność czytelni dla uczniów w szkołach średnich autonomicznej Galicji
Authors: Juśko Edmund , Niedojadło Andrzej
Published: December 2021

The authors of this article studied the important role in the didactic process and educating students in secondary schools in early 20th century Galicia. The schools housed student reading rooms, and their organization was supported by the National School Council, which knew in them an important means in the process of upbringing and self-education of students. They were created in the first place in small towns, e.g. Jasło or Sanok, because unlike large urban centres, they were one place where students could encounter a substitute of cultural life. Their number grew fairly quickly and at the outbreak of the Great War, and they constituted more than half of Galicia’s secondary schools. The schools attracted mainly older students and operated in the winter, spring, and summer periods. They enjoyed considerable interest from these students, though in some schools the attendance was not high. Their main task was to amass collections of books and magazines, but there were also scientific and artistic circles in the reading rooms. Therefore, they were a place where students had the opportunity to deepen their scientific knowledge, broaden their knowledge and skills, gain access to new information, and develop their cultural interests.
Synthesis of TiO2 Thin Films Nanoparticles with Different Layers using Simple Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Abdulsada Rajaa Obayes , Hassan Thamir A.A.
Published: December 2021

In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2 (are synthesized by sol– gel simple method. Thin films of sol, gel, and sol- gel on relatively flat glass substrates are applied with Spin coating technique with multilayers. The optical and morphological properties (studied using AFM) of TiO2 layers show good properties, with particles diameters less than 4 nm for all prepared samples and have maximum length 62 nm for TiO2 gel thin films of three layers. The results show low roughness values for all films especially for 4 layers sol (8.37nm), which improve the application in dye sensitive solar cell (DSSc)         .
Noise Reduction, Enhancement and Classification for Sonar Images
Authors: Resham Noor H. , Abbas Heba Kh. , Mohamad Haidar J. , Al-Saleh Anwar H.
Published: December 2021

Ultrasound imaging has some problems with image properties output. These affects the specialist decision. Ultrasound noise type is the speckle noise which has a grainy pattern depending on the signal. There are two parts of this study. The first part is the enhancing of images with adaptive Weiner, Lee, Gamma and Frost filters with 3x3, 5x5, and 7x7 sliding windows. The evaluated process was achieved using signal to noise ratio (SNR), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), and maximum difference (MD) criteria. The second part consists of simulating noise in a standard image (Lina image) by adding different percentage of speckle noise from 0.01 to 0.06. The supervised classification based minimum distance method is used to evaluate the results depending on selecting four blocks located at different places on the image. Speckle noise was added with different percentage from 0.01 to 0.06 to calculate the coherent noise within the image. The coherent noise was concluded from the slope of the standard deviation with the mean for each noise. The results showed that the additive noise increased with the slide window size, while multiplicative noise did not change with the sliding window nor with increasing noise ratio. Wiener filter has the best results in enhancing the noise.
Selection of a suitable viral DNA extraction method for Sheeppox virus in cell culture
Authors: MONDAL PIYALI , PATEL C L , SAGAR RACHNA , ZAFIR INSHA , SONOWAL JOYSHIKH , DEV KAPIL , BHARALI KRISHNA , SINGH NEHA , N BARKATHULLAH , DUBEY AMITESH , MISHRA BP , MISHRA BINA
Published: December 2021

A suitable method for the extraction of nucleic acids should be efficient, sensitive, rapid and simple. Moreover, ideally, good method should yield pure nucleic acid-free from any contaminant inhibitors. Several methods have been reported for viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolation but limited information is available on quick and simple isolation of Sheeppox virus (SPPV) genomic DNA in cell culture. In this study, the healthy Vero cells and primary lamb testis cells were infected with SPPV strains such as SPPV-Jaipur, SPPV-Ranipet and SPPV-Roumanian Fanar (RF) and harvested when it exhibited clear cytopathic effect (CPE) in culture. Four different DNA extraction methods i.e., (i) Phenol/chloroform/Isoamyl alcohol method, (ii) Cell lysis buffer method, (iii) Proteinase-k method, and (iv) commercial nucleic acid extraction kit was used to extract optimum yield of viral genomic DNA from clarified culture supernatant of harvested SPPV virus. The DNA sample was characterized using the Nanodrop spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis. Significantly (p<0.05) higher yield of SPPV genomic DNA was obtained in proteinase-k method which was about 3-5 times more than other methods. Among these methods, proteinase-k protocol was found to be comparatively very effective method in terms of yield of viral genomic DNA, and was free from PCR inhibitors.
Optimization of Small Peptide Feed from Milk Thistle Residue by Synergistic Fermentation of Multiple Strains and Proteases
Authors: CAI KANGTAO , CHEN HUAYOU , HENG XINYU , KANG LINGYU , WU JUNMING , LU CHENXI , LIANG XIAOYU
Published: December 2021

In order to improve the utilization rate of the milk thistle residue, this study used the synergistic fermentation of multiple strains and proteases to increase the small peptide content of the fermented feed produced by the milk thistle residue. Taking the small peptide content of the milk thistle residue fermented feed as an indicator, the optimal fermentation process was obtained by single-factor optimization experiments and the response surface methodology. The optimal fermentation process was as follows: fermentation time of 7 days, inoculum size of 15%, inoculation ratio of aerobic strains: anaerobic strains = 1: 2, solid-state fermentation water content of 66%, fermentation temperature of 36℃, and amount of protease was 0.25% acid protease+0.25% bromelain. Under the above process, the small peptide content of the fermented feed from milk thistle residue was greatly improved to 57.86%. These results inferred that the added proteases were beneficial to the growth of fermentative microorganisms, the secretion of protease and the increase of the small peptide content.
Regulation of the intestinal dysbiosis of high – fat diet obese mice via gut microbia–TLR2 / 4 pathway by electroacupuncture
Authors: SI YUAN–CHENG , REN CHEN–CHEN , CHEN BO , LI QING–QING , DING WEI–JUN
Published: December 2021

Objective: We design experimental study to explore the impacts of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment on the interaction between TLR2 / 4 pathway and gut flora in high – fat diet obese mice. Methods: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and 16S rRNA pyrosequencing were to study the association among groups (normal (N), model (M), electroacupuncture for 7 d (A7), 14 d (A14), 21 d (A21) and 28 d (A28) group). Results: EA reduced the relative expression of TLR2 / 4 gene and protein, and regulated the significant difference species flora in different levels, such as Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in Phylum, Coriobacteriia in Class, Coriobacteriales in Order, Atopobiaceae in Family, and Oscillibacter, Intestinimonas, Lachniclostridium and Acetatifactor in Genus. In all acupuncture groups, the analytical data of A21 group was similar to normal mice. Conclusion: These findings suggested the interaction between TLR2/ 4 pathway and gut flora could be a novel target of EA treatment against obesity.
PLANTEAMIENTOS DE POLÍTICA CRIMINAL EN MATERIA DE LESIONES DEPORTIVAS
Authors: Domingo Jaramillo Cristina
Published: December 2021

El deporte, como institución dotada de su propia normativa y de organismos encargados de aplicarla a los individuos sujetos a su jurisdicción, ha pretendido erigirse con autonomía respecto del Ordenamiento Jurídico común. Esta situación plantea serios problemas cuando en el ámbito deportivo tiene lugar un ilícito pues surge la incertidumbre sobre cuál es la normativa a aplicar en ese caso, especialmente en cuanto a lesiones deportivas se refiere. En este sentido, a través de la revisión de la literatura y la jurisprudencia, el objetivo planteado en la presente investigación es delimitar la intervención del Derecho Penal para los casos de violencia endógena que derivan en resultados lesivos.
Alexandra Kollontai and three Swedish female physicians – friendly relationships around the Soviet ambassador in Stockholm 1930–1945
Authors:   Department of History of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden, Nicolaidis Alexandra , Dunér David ,   Department of Arts and Cultural Sciences, Lund University, Sweden, Nilsson Peter M. ,   Department of History of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
Published: December 2021

Alexandra Kollontai was the Soviet ambassador to Sweden in the years 1930 to 1945. In Sweden she gained many friends in the peace- and women’s movement and among these were several female physicians. This article describes and investigates the friendships between Swedish female physicians and Alexandra Kollontai. The three physicians focused on are Ada Nilsson (1872–1964), Andrea Andreen (1888–1972) and Nanna Svartz (1890–1986). It is found that Kollontai and the physicians became proper friends, although initial contacts between them had political or medical causes.
Innovations in healthcare of peripheral regions – Greifswald as incubator for the Baltic Sea region?
Authors:   Department of Health Care Management, University of Greifswald, Germany, Fleßa Steffen
Published: December 2021

Health care systems are called to reconcile at least three conflicting goals: They have to provide sufficient health care services of appropriate quality for the population, keep the cost at an affordable level, and make services accessible for every member of the society. Achieving all three of these goals at the same time is sometime like squaring the circle: Good ser- vices accessibly for everybody even in peripheral regions require resources and generate costs which – too often – seem inappropriate for many politicians and members of the society. At the same time, high quality ser- vices are only affordable with centralised systems where the number of patients permits sufficient routine. However, this centralisation means that services are not available close of the places where people live, in particu- lar in rural areas. The only answer are innovations of health care provision which increase the efficiency of the system and make it possible to achieve all objectives at the same time. The district of Vorpommern-Greifswald has developed, adopted, and implemented innovations in the field of telemedicine, emergency services, drones, and cross-border health care, which have already proven relevant for the region. These innovations are ready to diffuse into other countries of the Baltic Sea region. At the same time, innovations from other countries could be fruitful innovations seedlings for the district in North-Eastern Germany. However, this would require overcoming a number of financial, cultural, and personal barriers in order to improve the health care situation even in peripheral regions. This paper discusses the “magic triangle” of cost, quality, and accessi- bility as the fundamental goal system of a health care system. Furthermore, it presents some insights into the innovations implemented in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald. Finally, it discusses a model of innovation adop- tion and potentials entering into an adoption and adaption process within the Baltic Sea region.
Bureaucratic Policy and Legal Aspects of Societal Engagement in Latvian National Defense
Authors: Nikers Olevs
Published: December 2021

In perfectly functioning democratic civil society, political decisions should be based on competence of elected officials and their knowledge of certain political issues where experts play an important role. The aim of this article is (1) to look at the role of elected officials (legislators) and public administration institutions in determining the governance of rule of law within defense policy in relation to engagement of the members of society in national defense, and (2) to analyse what factors affect sustainability of this policy and under what circumstances it transforms, and how this transformation is reflected in the public law. Methodologically theoretical / literature overview has been conducted, discussing the role of institutions in the political process and their interaction with legislator within the framework of new institutionalism. Empirically the case of Latvian defense policy towards societal engagement into national defense has been presented and analysed. An important aspect of the empirical study of this issue is interaction among the legislator, public administration institutions, non-governmental sector, and the public. Findings of this analysis leads to argument that Latvian ministry of defense plays a central role in sustainability and transformation of the national policy towards societal engagement into national defense. Legislator does not take necessary initiative in these policies, which is reflected in absence of needed amendments from the perspective of the public law, considering political ambition set by the Ministry of Defense of Latvia. Required political support of ministry’s political initiatives have been granted by the parliament, but as a consequence, this policy in its full extent is not currently properly reflected in the legal acts and regulations.
Keywords: legislation, public law, national defense, institutionalism, bureaucratic policy, decision making, public administration, parliamentarism.
Ethnic categorization practices and boundary (re)making in a multiethnic borderland of Ukraine
Authors: Erőss Ágnes , Kovály Katalin , Tátrai Patrik
Published: December 2021

Multiethnic borderlands, like Transcarpathia in Western Ukraine, are characterized by ethnic-linguistic-confessional complexity where ethnic boundary-making and ethnic categorization are constructed and rooted in politics. The present study aims to analyze how the mechanisms of ethnic categorization and boundary-making play out on a local level. Based on data analysis and fieldwork conducted in Hudya/Gődényháza in Transcarpathia, a village with ethnically, linguistically, and denominationally diverse population, we describe how “ethnicity” is getting blurred and reconstructed in the narrative strategies of residents. We examine the characteristics of the various classification systems (external classification, self-reporting) and their relation to each other. It is found that the ethnic, linguistic, and denominational affiliations in the village (and its wider region) are often divergent, which is reflected in the significant discrepancy between the data gathered in various ethnic classification systems. We argue that denomination is the prime factor of both self-identification and external classification, obscuring the boundaries between religious and standard ethnic terms. We further point to the formation of new boundaries between autochthonous and allochthonous populations. Although this cleavage emerged a few decades ago and has been transgressed by dozens of marriages among autochthonous and newcomers, it can easily get ethnicized, thus it adds an extra layer to the existing distinctions.
What Is 'Victory' in the Orthodox Christian Ethics of War?
Authors: Bojanić Petar
Published: December 2021

The text reconstructs the protocol of 'victory' as part of the interruption of enmity and establishment of temporary peace. Different understandings of the enemy and enmity imply that victory in war and cessation of conflict can essentially determine the way war is conducted, and that they follow rules of war. Victory is supposed to be a crucial moment that characterizes the ethics of war. Particular testimonies and thematizations of victory in the Orthodox Christian tradition can provide an intro-duction into a potential ethics of war that could ensure a new relationship towards the enemy and killing the enemy.
Simulação clínica e sua interface com a metacognição: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Cordeiro Thais Lazaroto Roberto , Domigues Katy Conceição Cataldo Muniz , Pereira Júnior Gerson Alves , Peixoto Maurício Abreu Pinto
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Investigar na literatura como a metacognição tem sido explorada pelos estudos nacionais e internacionais em simulação clínica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura de caráter qualitativo, seguindo a estruturação da norma PRISMA. Definiu-se a combinação mnemônica PCC (P: Population - Produção Científicas; C: Concept - Metacognição; C: Context - Simulação Clínica). Como questão norteadora: Como a metacognição tem sido explorada pelos estudos nacionais e internacionais de simulação clínica? Resultados: Encontrados 143 artigos que após a leitura de títulos, resumos e texto completo obteve-se a amostra final de 19 artigos.A partir desses emergiram as seguintes categorias: a) Processos metacognitivos presentes em simulação clínica, b) Debriefing como instrumento metacognitivo e c) Referências indiretas à metacognição por meio de teorias e processos cognitivos e seus elos com a simulação. Considerações finais: A metacognição é explorada dentro da simulação clínica na apresentação de como se dá a aplicação de conhecimentos, habilidades e experiências metacognitivas nesse campo, propondo teorias e métodos que ajudem o aluno a atingi-la e colocando o momento do debriefing como um potencial instrumento para a ativação da metacognição.
Systemic toxicity in a child after topical cyclopentolate eye drops application
Authors: Ashok Abhinay , Bhat Y. Manoj
Published: December 2021

An 8-year-old girl was seen in our ophthalmology OPD who had come with complaints of mild pain in both eyes for 1 month. Her unaided vision in both eyes was 6/6. Her weight was 20 kg. Cyclopentolate 1% eye drops was administered twice to the child at 5 min interval in both eyes. The child became restless after 30 min of installation of eye drops installation. She started behaving abnormally and was not allowing to do retinoscopic examination. She had altered behavior, visual hallucination, and difficulty in walking. She was disoriented with slurred speech. She had ataxia and frequent tightening of limbs with jerky movements and was plucking her hair. Her pulse rate was 90/min and blood pressure was 120/90 mm of Hg. Her oxygen saturation was 94% in room air. The child was shifted to nearby hospital where a paediatrician and anesthesiologist were available and was kept under observation. Child’s pulse, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were monitored for the next 5 hours. The child recovered completely over the next 8 hours.
Skip hemilaminectomy for the treatment of holospinal epidural abscess: A single-center experience
Authors: Di Rienzo Alessandro , Paracino Riccardo , Liverotti Valentina , Gladi Maurizio , Dobran Mauro
Published: December 2021

Background:

Holospinal epidural abscesses (HEAs) are rare with potentially devastating consequences. Urgent bony decompression and abscess evacuation with long-term antibiotic therapy are typically the treatment of choice.

Methods:

We reviewed cases of holospinal HEAs operated on between 2009 and 2018. Variables studied included preoperative laboratories, CT/MR studies plus clinical and radiographic follow-up for between 34 and 60 postoperative months.

Results:

We utilized skip hemilaminectomies to minimize the risks of segmental instability. Targeted antibiotic therapy was also started immediately and maintained for 6 postoperative weeks. MR/CT studies documented full radiographic and neurological recovery between 6 and 12-months later.

Conclusion:

HEAs may be treated utilizing multilevel skip hemilaminectomies to help maintain spinal stability while offering adequate abscess decompression/resolution.
Cranial nerve and intramedullary spinal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor associated with neurofibromatosis-1
Authors: Newell Christopher , Chalil Alan , Langdon Kristopher D. , Karapetyan Vahagn , Hebb Matthew O. , Siddiqi Fawaz , Staudt Michael D.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are uncommon but aggressive neoplasms associated with radiation exposure and neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1). Their incidence is low compared to other nervous system cancers, and intramedullary spinal lesions are exceedingly rare. Only a few case reports have described intramedullary spinal cord MPNST.

Case Description:

We describe the clinical findings, management, and outcome of a young patient with NF1 who developed aggressive cranial nerve and spinal MPNST tumors. This 35-year-old patient had familial NF1 and a history of optic glioma treated with radiation therapy (RT). She developed a trigeminal MPNST that was resected and treated with RT. Four years later, she developed bilateral lower extremity deficits related to an intramedullary cervical spine tumor, treated surgically, and found to be a second MPNST.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cranial nerve and intramedullary spinal MPNSTs manifesting in a single patient, and only the third report of a confined intramedullary spinal MPNST. This unusual case is discussed in the context of a contemporary literature review.
Superficial siderosis and nonobstructive hydrocephalus due to subependymoma in the ventricle: An illustrative case report
Authors: Otomo Yuta , Ikegaya Naoki , Oshima Akito , Matsumoto Shutaro , Udaka Naoko , Chang Chia-Cheng , Tateishi Kensuke , Murata Hidetoshi , Yamamoto Tetsuya
Published: December 2021

Background:

Intraventricular tumors can generally result in obstructive hydrocephalus as they grow. Rarely, however, some intraventricular tumors develop superficial siderosis (SS) and trigger hydrocephalus, even though the tumor has hardly grown. Here, we present an illustrative case of SS and nonocclusive hydrocephalus caused by subependymoma of the lateral ventricles.

Case Description:

A 78-year-old man with an intraventricular tumor diagnosed 7 years ago had been suffering from gait disturbance for 2 years. He also developed cognitive impairment. Intraventricular tumors showed little growth on annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI T2-star weighted images (T2*WI) captured small intratumoral hemorrhages from the beginning of the follow-up. Three years before, at the same time as the onset of ventricular enlargement, T2*WI revealed low intensity in the whole tumor and cerebral surface. Subsequent follow-up revealed that this hemosiderin deposition had spread to the brain stem and cerebellar surface, and the ventricles had expanded further. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed xanthochromia. The tumor was completely removed en bloc. Histopathological findings were consistent with those of subependymoma. Although CSF findings improved, SS and hydrocephalus did not improve. Therefore, the patient underwent a lumboperitoneal shunt for CSF diversion after tumor resection.

Conclusion:

Some intraventricular tumors cause SS and nonobstructive hydrocephalus due to microbleeding, even in the absence of tumor growth. T2*WI and, if necessary, timely CSF examination can allow identification of presymptomatic SS. This follow-up strategy may provide a favorable course by facilitating early intervention in patients with intraventricular lesions, not just subependymomas.
Konsep Mikro Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Nikmatul Husna  , Husni Thamrin
Published: December 2021

Ekonomi Islam adalah sebuah sistem ilmu pengetahuan yang menyoroti masalah perekonomian sama seperti konsep ekonomi konvensional lainnya. Hanya dalam sistem ekonomi ini, nilai-nilai Islam menjadi landasan dan dasar dalam setiap aktifitasnya. Pada ekonomi mikro Islam menjelaskan bagaimana sebuah keputusan diambil oleh setiap unit ekonomi dengan memasukkan batasan-batasan syariah sebagai variabel yang utama. Dalam ekonomi mikro Islam, kita menganggap bahwa basic ekonomi (variabel-variabel ekonomi) hanya memenuhi segi necessary condition, sedangkan moral dan tatanan syariah akan memenuhi unsur sufficient condition dalam ruang lingkup pembahasan ekonomi mikro. Ekonomi Islam sebagai alternatif untuk memecahkan permasalahan ekonomi secara global dan untuk mencapai kebahagian spiritual karena aktifitas ekonominya dapat sekaligus bernilai sebagai ibadah.
Taze ve Örgü Peynirlerinde Doğal Yolla Meydana Gelen Benzoik Asit Miktarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKAN Ecem , YERLİKAYA Oktay , GÜÇER Leyla , MERİÇ Şaban , ÇAKIR TOPDEMİR Pınar , KINIK Özer
Published: December 2021

Aromatik karboksilik asit ailesinin en basit üyesi olan benzoik asit, birçok önemli organik bileşiğin sentezinde öncü maddedir. Her ne kadar gıdalarda mikroorganizma kaynaklı bozulmaları önlemek amacıyla kullanıldığı düşünülse de yapılan araştırmalar benzoik asidin çeşitli peynir tiplerinde farklı konsantrasyonlarda bulunabildiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada yöresel peynir çeşitlerimizden taze ve örgü peynirlerinin depolama süresince hippurik ve benzoik asit miktarları tespit edilerek tespit edilen miktarların peynirin bazı fizikokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri ile ilişkilendirilmesine çalışılmıştır. Peynirlerin üretiminde kullanılan çiğ sütlerde hippurik asit ve benzoik asit tespit edilmiştir. Depolama süresince peynirlerin benzoik asit miktarları 4,73-11,42 mg/kg aralığında değişiklik göstermiştir. Depolama süresi sonunda depolamanın başlangıcına göre örgü peynirde benzoik asit miktarı önemli düzeyde azalırken, Taze peynirde artmıştır (p˂0,05). Benzoik asit miktarı yüksek olan taze peynirlerde Lactococcus spp. ve Enterococcus spp. sayılarının daha yüksek, Lactobacillus spp. ve maya-küf sayılarının daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak çiğ sütte, taze ve örgü peynirlerinde doğal yolla benzoik asitin oluştuğu ve düzeylerinin yaklaşık 12 mg/kg’a ulaştığı belirlenmiştir.
Eskişehir Koşullarında Bazı Yabancı Ot Kontrol Yöntemlerinin Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’ta Verim ve Verim Ögelerine Etkisi
Authors: TAKIL Engin , KAYAN Nihal
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırma 2017 ve 2019 yılları bitki yetiştirme döneminde iki yıl süre ile Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi deneme tarlalarında farklı yabancı ot kontrol yöntemlerinin nohut’ta verim ve verim ögeleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada Azkan nohut çeşidi ile linuron (çıkış öncesi), aclonifen (çıkış sonrası) ve imazethapyr (çıkış öncesi) herbisitleri materyal olarak kullanılmış ve 9 farklı uygulama [otlu (kontrol); el çapası; linuron; aclonifen; imazethapry; linuron + aclonifen; linuron + imazethapyr; aclonifen + imazethapyr; linuron + aclonifen + imazethapyr] denenmiştir. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde 4 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmamızda incelenen verim ve verim ögeleri bakımından linuron+acnolifen uygulaması en iyi sonucu vermiştir. Yabancı ot ağırlığı, yabancı ot sayısı ve yabancı ot türü bakımından ise linuron+ acnolifen+ imazatapyr en iyi sonuçları vermiştir. Eskişehir yöresi için herbisit uygulama zorunluluğu olduğu zamanlarda linuron + aclonifen ya da daha ekonomik olacağından sadece linuron tavsiye edilebilir.
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT OF RESTAURANT ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Pylyp Orlyk International Classical University, Zviahintseva Olha , Matviienko Svitlana ,   Pylyp Orlyk International Classical University, Nazarenko Inna ,   Pylyp Orlyk International Classical University
Published: December 2021

The article highlights and analyzes the features of restaurant services as components of the commodity management of enterprises in the restaurant industry. In particular, the features of services in a global sense (immateriality, impossibility of storage, inseparability from the source and inconsistency of quality), as well as the special characteristics of the specific services of the restaurant business (indivisibility, intangibility, fragility, heterogeneity, the local nature of the restaurant industry, the presence of material objects in the restaurant services, a differentiated level of quality and cost, heterogeneity in terms of meeting the needs of customers of a restaurant enterprise, customiza- tion, subjective perception by a client depending on individual characteristics, preferences and consumer attitudes, as well as influencing factors, publicity of the provision of services of restaurant enterprises). In the course of the re- search, the definitions of the terms "restaurant industry", "restaurant service" are described and analyzed from the point of view of leading specialists in the field of management of restaurant enterprises, as well as the legislation of Ukraine. To highlight the features of the commodity management of restaurant services, studies of service classifications were carried out and groups of services from various classifications were distinguished. Knowledge and competent consideration of the characteristics of services, as carriers of the characteristics of the group to which they relate, increases the efficiency of commodity management of enterprises providing services, and restaurant enterprises, in partic- ular. The functions of restaurant enterprises are also highlighted: production and service. The components and features of accounting for the level of quality of restaurant services, a full list of services of restaurant enterprises related to the provision of food products to customers of the restaurant business have been determined. The results of such a study make it possible to efficiently spend re- sources, maximize the volume of provision of restaurant services and competently promote them among representatives of target markets of restaurant enterprises.
EFFECTIVE COOPERATION OF TOUROPERATORS AND TRAVEL AGENCIES AS THE MEANS OF RELIABILITY PROVIDING OF THE TOURIST MARKET FUNCTIONING
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Tonkoshkur Maksym , Leliuk Dariia ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: December 2021

In the article the features of functioning of tourist market of Ukraine are reflected in the context of co-operation of tour operators and travel agencies. Certainly, that instability of tourist market in the conditions of pandemic requires the revision of not only base aspects of forming and advancement of tourproducts with the purpose of minimization of possible risks for all participants of tourist market but also creation of the reliable system of communications between the subjects of tourist market with the purpose of providing of the rapid reacting on the calls of present time and formings of clear legislatively-normative basis for realization of such activity. Independent research shows reliability of touroperators in dealing to the travel agencies. There were definited the most problem aspects of tour operators and travel agencies cooperation, which are needed immediate decision. It is offered organizational mechanism of Ukrainian tourist market functioning, which should provide the balance of responsibility of tourist market subjects, that must be done in accordance with involved in the process of maintenance of tourists during realization of tourist services. The offered model will allow to decide the row of problems of domestic tourist market, namely: to improve quality of tourist services in travel agencies and increase protection of tourists; to show activity of travel agencies out of the shadow to the sector; to do more transparent the system of financial account of tourism activity, to increase incomes of budget from tourism sector.
CURRENT TRENDS IN THE APPLICATION OF THE DIGITAL MARKETING SYSTEM AT THE MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE
Authors:   National Transport University, Omelyanovych Oleksii , Bobiak Arsen ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2021

Digital marketing is one of the modern concepts of promoting products / services and positioning the company's brand with the help of any available digital technology. The development of digital technologies, software, the latest means of communication and communication channels allows digital marketing to reach the consciousness of the consumer as effectively as possible. A large number of types of digital marketing is formed depending on the tools and channels of digital marketing. Communications play a special role in digital marketing, taking into account not only the means of their implementation, but also the quality of their reproduction, as well as the nature of the focus of the information flow. For digital marketing, it is important to form a feedback channel and obtain relevant information on the basis of which analytical data sets can be formed. The main advantage of digital marketing is a personalized approach to each individual consumer by actively studying his preferences through the formation of an array of data that contains information on customer searches. The formation of an advertising campaign in digital marketing is carried out on the basis of the results of the analysis and in accordance with the main strategic goals of the company. At the same time, the effect of reducing the company's strategic gaps with its main competitors is achieved during the process of the development of the strategy. Based on the fact that modern consumers actively use Internet technologies to purchase the necessary products and services, as well as taking into account a feature of trucking as a service, that is, the impossibility of separating its production from consumption, is virtually bypassing the marketing stage, the expediency of the use of digital marketing was noted in the study. As a result of the study, taking into account all the characteristics of digital marketing and its benefits and conditions of use, several optimal options for the use of digital marketing for trucking companies, whose products are the process of transportation, were determined.
Cover, Daftar Isi, Isi
Authors: Isi Cover Daftar Isi
Published: December 2021

Vol 1 No 2 (2020)
Green Tobacco Sickness: A Review
Authors: Puja Bharti  , Prerna  , Rahul Rana  , Gunjan Saini  , Neeraj
Published: December 2021

It is still an unknown fact among many that tobacco harvesters are at a potential at a risk of suffering from “Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS)”, with its prevalence seen mostly among Asian and South American tobacco harvesters. These harvesters working in hot, wet conditions are likely to develop GTS,  as in such climatic conditions, the wetness and high humidity causes nicotine to reside on the surfaces of the leaves, while the high ambient temperature increases skin absorption, thereby increasing plasma nicotine concentrations by 30-45%. Patients suffering from GTS report nausea, vomiting, pallor, dizziness, headaches, increased perspiration, chills, abdominal pain, diarrhea, increased salivation, prostration, weakness, cough with or without expectoration, breathlessness and occasional reduction in blood pressure or heart rate. GTS is self-limiting and of short duration and hence treatment is not always necessary and not often sought by the harvesters. This review educates readers about GTS as well as encourages their participation in making tougher regulations in their respective countries for the control of this disease.
What’s in a Name?
Authors: Manisha Lakhanpal Sharma
Published: December 2021

Guest Comment by Dr. Manisha Lakhanpal Sharma, Professor & Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida
An Overview of HIV on World AIDS Day: A Short Commentary
Authors: Manisha Singh
Published: December 2021

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infections cause a gradual decrease in CD4+ cells and these cells are an indicator of the immune system including the body’s natural defense system against pathogens and illness.1 AIDS is defined as the advanced stage of HIV infection with CD4 cell count less than 200/mm3. AIDS is characterized by immunosuppression which can result in several opportunistic infections, tumors, and cancers.
A Review: Zam Zam a miracle water
Authors: Ansari Vikhar Danish Ahmad  , Syed Ayaz Ali  , Tajim Sheikh  , Saher Choas  , Raisa Bagwan
Published: December 2021

This article reviews the inorganic configuration and possible health benefits of Zam Zam water. Zam Zam water is dissimilar from natural water in relationships of inorganic and radiological features. The miracle of Zam Zam is nonstop flow ever since 2000 BC. The presence of the Zam Zam well directed to the foundation of the settlement of the Makah valley. Zam Zam water reduces the thirstiness and shows potential to treat numerous diseases. Different studies have been led to discover the legendary potentials of this water; so there is a need to conduct wide spread research and to explore its healthcare welfares, inorganic profile, and technical viewpoints.
Cardioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) on rats induced by doxorubicin
Authors: Lyvia Lovin  , Nyoman Ehrich Lister I  , Edy Fachrial  , Sukirman Lie
Published: December 2021

Doxorubicin is an effective drug used in cancer therapy but produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are toxic to heart cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardioprotective activity of Mengkudu fruit ethanol extract against the heart induced by doxorubicin. Mengkudu fruit ethanol extract was obtained by maceration. Cardioprotective activity test is done by measuring blood LDH and CK-MB levels as well as cardiac histology. Animals were induced with DOX 5 mg/kg BW on day 1,7,14 and 20th. Administration of Mengkudu extract 100 mg / kg bw, 300 mg / kg bw, and 500 mg / kg BW given from day 1 to day 20 and on the 21st day cardiac serum levels of CK-MB normal group had a significant difference (p <0.05) with a negative control treatment group, treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III and did not have a significant difference (P> 0.05) with a positive control group with vitamin e supplementation and serum LDH levels the normal group had a significant difference (p <0.05) with the negative control group, the treatment group I, the treatment group II, and the treatment group II and did not have a significant difference (P> 0.05) with the positive control group with vitamin e supplementation. Cardiology histology of the Mengkudu extract 100 mg/kg bw + DOX and the Mengkudu extract 300 mg/kg bb + DOX, and the negative control group showed bleeding, fragmentation and myocytolysis, in the treatment of group III, the group normal, and the positive control group did not show heart muscle damage. Based on the description above it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Mengkudu fruit containing flavonoids has cardioprotective activity by inhibiting the formation of ROS. The higher the dose of an extract, the greater the decrease in LDH and CKMB levels and increase protection against heart damage.
ESTABLISHMENT OF IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF Hibiscus cannabinus (KENAF)
Authors: Mohamad Pauzi Nor Syafawati , Saipul Bahari Nurul Ain , Zainuddin Zarina
Published: December 2021

Hibiscus cannabinus or commonly known as kenaf is a versatile plant that serves as resources for numerous manufacturing and livestock industries. Originally planted in West Africa, kenaf is now distributed in many countries including Malaysia as its fibres were proved to be an ultimate alternative resource for major industries such as automotive, paper and bio-composite. In fact, in Malaysia, due to its adaptation to wide range of climatic conditions, kenaf has potentially be chosen as a new industrial crop replacing tobacco. There have been many interests on regenerating kenaf via micropropagation as the demand for this crop has been increasing tremendously since the past decades. Hence, this study is initiated with the objective to establish in vitro propagation system of H. cannabinus. The callus induction was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP). It was observed that calli were successfully induced on all the BAP concentrations tested. The optimum concentration of BAP that induced the healthiest and biggest calli was 3.0 mg/l. Shoot and root induction from the calli were attempted using MS medium supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of IBA, BA and GA3. From the seven treatments, three treatments successfully induced formation of shoot; treatment T3 (MS + 1.0 mg/l IBA + 2.5 mg/l BA), treatment T5 (MS + 0.1 mg/l IBA + 2.0 mg/l BA + 0.3 mg/l GA3) and treatment T6 (MS + 1.0 mg/l IBA + 2.5 mg/l BA + 0.3 mg/l GA3). The results obtained in this study can paved for more research on tissue culture of H. cannabinus.
FOOD WASTAGE: CAUSES, IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Pandey Aviyan
Published: December 2021

Each year one third of all the produced food for human consumption is lost or wasted. Food wastage scales up the number of hungry people throughout the world and impairs the global food security. Food wastage not only decreases the availability of food, it also reduces the resources needed to produce food for future generation. In many low-income countries, there is considerable loss due to poor storage facilities and lack of capacity to transport produced food immediately after harvesting. Confusion arising from the existence and poor understanding of different food date labels are a major indirect causes of food wastage in developed countries. The quantitative and qualitative impacts of food wastage can be addressed through food wastage footprint. The total food wastage accounts for 3.3Gtonnes of CO2 equivalent. Globally, the blue water footprint of food wastage is about 250km3 equivalent to three times the volume of Lake Geneva. Produced but uneaten food occupies almost about 1.4 billion hectares of land; this represents close to 28% of the world’s agricultural land area. It is difficult to estimate the impact on biodiversity at global level. The impacts are assessed through deforestation due to agricultural expansion and species threatened during agricultural practices. Food wastage also leads to loss of economic value of food entities. Each year, 1 trillion USD is lost through food loss and waste at global level. The broad level of causes and impacts enable us to identify number of solutions to reduce food wastage. Improved practices at harvest and post-harvest stages by adopting new technical innovations could be the best way to mitigate losses in developing countries. Consumer’s behavior should be modified to reduce waste at down-stream level. The government and development partners have to develop sustainable initiatives through effective policies and raise awareness among the people to solve food wastage problem.
BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF BEAN FLOWER THRIPS, Megalurothrips usitatus (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) REARED ON MUNG BEAN
Authors: Yasmin Sabera , Ali Mohammed , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Akter Mst. Salma , Latif Md. Abdul
Published: December 2021

The bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus is a major pest of mung bean that causes flower dropping and significant yield loss of the crop. M. usitatus demonstrated to have variable lifespan when reared on different leguminous hosts but on mung bean, an important pulse crop in Bangladesh, is unknown. The experiment was conducted to determine the biological attributes of M. usitatus on mung bean in a climate control chamber at 26 ± 1°C, 75 ± 3% RH, and 16:8 hours L:D in the laboratory. The results revealed that the incubation period, first instar larva, second instar larva, prepupa, and pupal period of M. usitatus were 3.13 ± 0.06, 1.48 ± 0.05, 2.30 ± 0.08, 1.30 ± 0.07, and 2.26 ± 0.13 days, respectively. The combined developmental period from egg to adult was 10.54 ± 0.15 (mean ± SE) days. The larvae of M. usitatus were similar in appearance to the adults, but they lacked wings and were smaller and different in color. The first instar was pale yellow, while the second instar was darker and larger, ranging from deep yellow to orange-red. The wing pads of the prepupae were shorter than that of the pupae. The antennae of the prepupa were straight, but they were bent in the pupa. In the case of pre-adult mortality of M. usitatus, the mortality of the first instar larva was 14.41%, second instar larva 22.77%, prepupa 14.10%, and pupa 65.67%. The pre-adult mortality was 80.51% overall. Adult males had lower longevity (6.42 ± 0.44 days) than females (12.07± 1.56 days). The developmental period of M. usitatus on mung bean indicated the suitability of the leguminous crop as a potential host, as well as the need for information on the pest’s various growth stages in order to design effective management strategies.