bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation/Hydroamin(d)ation Domino Synthesis of Indoles and Its Application to the Preparation of a Chek1/KDR Kinase Inhibitor Pharmacophore.
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Barfuesser Sebastian , Potukuchi Harish K.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,6‐Dioxo‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexahydroindoles by Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Acetal‐Protected (2,4‐Dioxocyclohex‐1‐yl)acetamides and Their Transformation into 5,8,9,10‐Tetrahydro‐6H‐indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐9‐ones.
Authors: Juma Benard , Adeel Muhammad , Villinger Alexander , Reinke Helmut , Spannenberg Anke , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine Mediated Oxidation of 1,2‐Diaminobenzimidazole and Its Schiff Bases: Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐benzotriazine and 2‐Aryl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]benzimidazoles.
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Parshad Mahavir , Gupta Rakesh K. , Kumar Devinder
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐4‐arylthio‐tetrahydro‐2H‐pyrans via the Prins‐Cyclization.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. Subba , Reddy Y. Jayasudhan , Reddy N. Sivasankar
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Polyethylene Glycol (PEG‐400) Promoted Synthesis of Some New Heteryl (E)‐Styryl Sulfones (III)
Authors: Guravaiah Nalajam , Rao Vedula Rajeswar
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Vilsmeier—Haack Synthesis of Flavones Using bis‐(Trichloromethyl) Carbonate/Dimethylformamide.
Authors: Su W. K. , Zhu X. Y. , Li Z. H.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives Using Silica Sulfuric Acid as a Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalyst under Conventional Heating and Energy‐Saving Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Mobinikhaledi Akbar , Foroughifar Naser , Fard Mohammad Ali Bodaghi , Moghanian Hassan , Ebrahimi Sattar , Kalhor Mehdi
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Survey of Solvents for the Conrad—Limpach Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxyquinolones.
Authors: Brouet Jean‐Cristophe , Gu Shen , Peet Norton P. , Williams John D.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of ω‐Fluoroalkylated Ketoesters. A Building Block for the Synthesis of Six‐, Seven‐, and Eight‐Membered Fluoroalkyl Substituted 1,2‐Diaza‐3‐one Heterocycles.
Authors: Wan Wen , Hou Jie , Jiang Haizhen , Wang Yangli , Zhu Shizheng , Deng Hongmei , Hao Jian
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cellulose Sulfuric Acid: An Efficient Biodegradable and Recyclable Solid Acid Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Reddy P. Narsimha , Reddy Y. Thirupathi , Reddy M. Nikhil , Rajitha B. , Crooks Peter A.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tandem Decarboxylation and Inverse Electron‐Demand Diels—Alder Reaction of Amino‐thiophenecarboxylic Acids with 1,3,5‐Triazines.
Authors: Dang Qun , Carruli Edmund , Tian Feng , Dang Francis W. , Gibson Tony , Li Wenyu , Bai Huachen , Chung Michael , Hecker Scott J.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2‐Amino‐4,5,6,7‐tretrahydro[1]benzothiophene‐3‐carbonitrile and 6‐Amino‐1,4‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐diphenylpyrano [2,3‐c]pyrazole‐5‐carbonitrile with Substituted Benzylidenemalononitriles, α,β‐Acetylenic Esters and Ketones.
Authors: Youssef Ahmed Said Ahmed
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Halopurines with Aryl‐ and Alkyltrifluoroborates. The Scope and Limitations in the Synthesis of Modified Purines.
Authors: Hasnik Zbynek , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 3,6‐Disubstituted 7H‐1,2,4‐Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazines: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Analgesic/Antiinflammatory, Antioxidant Activities.
Authors: Tozkoparan Birsen , Aytac Sevim Peri , Aktay Goeknur
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of (E)‐3‐Arylidene‐2,3‐dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxazepin‐4(5H)‐ones Using Baylis—Hillman Derivatives via Reductive Cyclization.
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Murugan Gandhi
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Bisphosphonates.
Authors: Reddy M. Veera Narayana , Reddy K. R. Kishore Kumar , Reddy C. Bhupendra , Kumar B. Siva , Reddy C. Suresh , Reddy C. Devendranath
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Diastereoselective Synthesis of Trifarane‐Type Sesquiterpenes, Trifarienols A (I) and B (II).
Authors: Takahashi Kazunori , Akao Ryuichi , Honda Toshio
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 5α‐Reductase and Aromatase Inhibitory Constituents from Brassica rapa L. Pollen.
Authors: Li Yong‐Hui , Yang Yi‐Fang , Li Kun , Jin Li‐Li , Yang Nian‐Yun , Kong De‐Yun
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Lignan from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
Authors: Wang Xiao Wen , Zhang Hua Ping , Chen Feng , Wang Xi , Wen Wei Ye
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Studies on the Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of Pseudohalides
Authors: Okulik N. B. , Jubert A. H. , Castro E. A.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon: The Material and Its Characterization by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Behera S. N.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Ruthenium—Polypyridine Complexes and Phosphorus Ligands: Anything but a Simple Story
Authors: Dixon Isabelle M. , Lebon Emilie , Sutra Pierre , Igau Alain
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancements in Syntheses of Carbazole and Its Derivatives
Authors: Yaqub Ghazala , Hussain Erum A. , Rehman M. A. , Mateen Bushra
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiasugars: Potential Glycosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Yuasa Hideya , Izumi Masayuki , Hashimoto Hironobu
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphazenes
Authors: Carriedo Gabino A.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinquevalent Phosphorus Acids
Authors: Skowronska A. , Owsianik K.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenetanes and Derivatives
Authors: Block E.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Dialkyl Selenides
Authors: Segi M.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polymer—Biohybrids: From Small to Giant Surfactants
Authors: Reynhout Irene C. , Cornelissen Jeroen J. L. M. , Nolte Roeland J. M.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Novel Supramolecules Using Imides
Authors: Fujitsuka Mamoru , Sugimoto Akira , Majima Tetsuro
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocycles Using Trimethylsilyldiazomethane
Authors: Hari Yoshiyuki , Shioiri Takayuki , Aoyama Toyohiko
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine: Preparations, Imaging, Diagnosis, Therapies and Toxicity
Authors: Boisselier Elodie , Astruc Didier
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of the Mechanical Bond
Authors: Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrosyntheses of α ‐Hydroxycarboxylic Acids from Carbon Dioxide and Aromatic Ketones Using Nickel as the Cathode
Authors: YUAN Gaoqing , LI Zhifa , JIANG Huanfeng
Published: August 2009

With Ni as the cathode and Al as the anode, aromatic ketones (acetophenone, benzophenone, 6‐methoxy‐2‐acetonaphthone, 4‐methylacetophenone and 4‐methoxyacetophenone) could be successfully electrocarboxylated with CO2 (4 MPa) in an undivided cell containing n‐Bu4NBr‐DMF electrolyte at a constant current under room temperature, affording the corresponding α‐hydroxycarboxylic acids in good to excellent yields (56%–90%). The experimental results showed that the yields of the target products were strongly dependent on the nature of cathode materials and aromatic ketones as well as electrolytic conditions (such as electricity, substrate concentrations, conducting salts and solvents, CO2 pressure). In addition, it was found that the presence of protic agent such as water would lead to the increase of pinacol byproducts. The reaction mechanism was briefly discussed by CV experiments.
Syntheses, Structures and Luminescence Properties of Ln‐Coordination Polymers Based on Flexible Thiodiacetic Acid Ligand
Authors: HOU Xiangyang , LI Dongsheng , WANG Xiao , WANG Jijiang , REN Yixia , ZHANG Meili
Published: August 2009

Two novel lanthanide complexes with the formulas [Ln2(tda)3(H2O)2]n [Ln=Sm (1), Dy (2), H2tda=thiodiacetic acid] have been prepared by using the corresponding lanthanide salt and H2tda under hydrothermal conditions. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies show that the two compounds are isostructural and present a 2D network based on the 1D metallic chain, in which an edge‐sharing dinuclear polyhedral [Ln2O16] was found to be the building unit of the 1D chains. Interestingly, in the network, the tda ligands exhibit two different coordination modes, including the mode La: bis(syn,syn‐bridging bidentate, chelating‐bridging tridentate), and mode Lb: bis(chelating‐ bridging tridentate, syn, anti‐bridging bidentate). Furthermore, through the tda ligand in modes La and Lb, the 1D metallic chains are cross‐linked to generate a 2D network structure with (3,4,5,6)‐connected (47·68)(44·66)(45·6)‐ (46)(43) topology. Photoluminescence measurements indicate that the dysprosium complex is yellow emitters, and the samarium complex shows salmon pink light emission in the solid state at room temperature.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Amide Anions Based Ionic Liquids Containing Nitrile Group
Authors: ZOU Ting , LU Liang , LIU Xiuli , ZHANG Zhan , XUE Yunrong , YANG Yu , Li Caimeng , FU Xianlei , GAO Guohua
Published: August 2009

A series of novel amide anion based ionic liquids containing nitrile groups have been synthesized using the method of ion‐exchange between potassium amide and various quaternary halide salts such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine,N‐methylpyrrolidine, andN‐methylimidazole. All of the functionalised ionic liquids were characterized by IR,1H and13C NMR, and MS. The synthesized ionic liquids exhibited advantageously high thermal stability. The decomposition temperature of ionic liquids measured via TGA ranged from 224 to 289°C. The functionalised ionic liquid, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium propionyl cyanamide ([EMIm][N(CN)COC2H5]), was used as a ligand in the palladium catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The yields of the coupling reaction increased by 10%–20% by the addition of [EMIm][N(CN)COC2H5].
A Green and Efficient Synthesis of 13‐Aryl‐5,7,12,14‐tetrahydrodibenzo[b,i]xanthene‐5,7,12,14(13H)‐tetraone Derivatives in Ionic Liquid
Authors: LI Yuling , DU Baixiang , XU Xiaoping , SHI Daqing , JI Shunjun
Published: August 2009

13‐Aryl‐5,7,12,14‐tetrahydrodibenzo[b,i]xanthene‐5,7,12,14(13H)‐tetraones have been synthesized in high yields in the presence of [bmim+][BF4−] as an ionic liquid. The reaction work‐up is simple and the ionic liquid can be easily separated from the product and reused.
Seize the opportunity
Authors: Clark Douglas P.
Published: August 2009

Molecularly targeted agents are increasingly utilized to treat cancer. Unfortunately, biomarkers to guide this therapy are infrequently applied to FNA samples.
Inward rectifier channel, ROMK, is localized to the apical tips of glial‐like cells in mouse taste buds
Authors: Dvoryanchikov Gennady , Sinclair Michael S. , Perea‐Martinez Isabel , Wang Tong , Chaudhari Nirupa
Published: August 2009

Cells in taste buds are closely packed, with little extracellular space. Tight junctions and other barriers further limit permeability and may result in buildup of extracellular K+ following action potentials. In many tissues, inwardly rectifying K channels such as the renal outer medullary K (ROMK) channel (also called Kir1.1 and derived from the Kcnj1 gene) help to redistribute K+. Using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), we defined ROMK splice variants in mouse kidney and report here the expression of a single one of these, ROMK2, in a subset of mouse taste cells. With quantitative (q)RT‐PCR, we show the abundance of ROMK mRNA in taste buds is vallate > foliate ≫ palate ≫ fungiform. ROMK protein follows the same pattern of prevalence as mRNA, and is essentially undetectable by immunohistochemistry in fungiform taste buds. ROMK protein is localized to the apical tips of a subset of taste cells. Using tissues from PLCβ2‐GFP and GAD‐GFP transgenic mice, we show that ROMK is not found in PLCβ2‐expressing type II/receptor cells or in GAD‐expressing type III/presynaptic cells. Instead, ROMK is found, by single‐cell RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence, in most cells that are positive for the taste glial cell marker, Ectonucleotidase2. ROMK is precisely localized to the apical tips of these cells, at and above apical tight junctions. We propose that in taste buds, ROMK in type I/glial‐like cells may serve a homeostatic function, excreting excess K+ through the apical pore, and allowing excitable taste cells to maintain a hyperpolarized resting membrane potential. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:1–14, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic Anisotropy in a Family of Experimentally Synthesized and Theoretically Modeled M′6M8(CN24) Systems
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Quan , Luo Cheng‐Lin
Published: August 2009

A theoretical density functional study of the magnetic coupling interactions and magnetic anisotropy in a family of experimentally synthesized and theoretically modeled M′6M8(CN24) (M′=CuII, NiII or CoII; M=FeIII or CrIII) systems is presented. The calculations show that the interactions in the selected M′6M8(CN24) are all ferromagnetic and the near cubic symmetry of Cu6Fe8 is the origin of its negative magnetic anisotropy parameter D.
Growth of Germanium Islands, Wires, or Films from CVD with a New Precursor
Authors: Kang Sang‐Woo , Kim Jin‐Tae , Yun Ju‐Young , Seo Kyoung‐Chun , Shin Jae‐Su , Yang Il‐Doo
Published: August 2009

A new germanium precursor, ethylmethylaminogermane (H3Ge‐N(CH3)(C2H5), was synthesized and characterized. The new Ge precursor has high vapor pressure and stability, which were measured by a home‐made apparatus and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The Ge NWs, islands, films, or mixed structures on Si and Au substrates were obtained by CVD in the temperature range 300‐400 °C and pressure range 67–267 Pa.
Delayed Recovery of Accelerated Acute Rejection
Authors: Chen Szu‐Chia , Kuo Mei‐Chuan , Hung Chi‐Chih , Huang Chun‐Hsiung , Chen Hung‐Chun
Published: August 2009

Accelerated acute rejection (AAR) after kidney transplantation may occur because of the pre‐sensitization of the host cell against the graft antigens. We report the case of a 49‐year‐old female, under chronic hemodialysis therapy who received a living transplant from her husband. Both of them had the same blood type and the result of the mixed lymphocyte culture test was acceptable before transplantation. The operation was smooth and a combination therapy with cyclosporine, prednisolone, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was given. However, oliguria developed on the second day after transplantation. After excluding the possibility of occlusive lesion, the first course of pulse steroid therapy was given under the impression of AAR, supported by renal biopsy. After the second course of pulse steroid and OKT3 therapy, her renal function did not recover. Thereafter, she received regular hemodialysis therapy and cyclosporine was replaced by tacrolimus. Two months later, her urine amount increased dramatically. The renal biopsy revealed changes of interstitial cells infiltration without acute rejection. The patient's serum creatinine level declined to 1.76 mg/dl 6 months later, and was maintained at around 1.1 mg/dl after 4.5 years. This is a demonstration of a delayed recovery of AAR combined with the suspicion of cyclosporine‐related nephrotoxicity. Protocol repeated biopsies may be required in those patients who do not recover after an initial rejection to detect early second pathologies.
Early regulation of brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) by estrogen receptors during zebrafish development
Authors: Mouriec K. , Lareyre J.J. , Tong S.K. , Le Page Y. , Vaillant C. , Pellegrini E. , Pakdel F. , Chung B.C. , Kah O. , Anglade I.
Published: August 2009

Early expression of estrogen receptors (esr) and their role in regulating early expression of cyp19a1b encoding brain aromatase were examined in the brain of zebrafish. Using in toto hybridization and quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), a significant increase in the expression of esr1, esr2a, and esr2b was observed between 24 and 48 hours postfertilization (hpf). In toto hybridization demonstrated that esr2a and esr2b, but not esr1, are found in the hypothalamus. Using real‐time RT‐PCR, an increase in cyp19a1b mRNAs occurs between 24 and 48 hpf, indicating that expression of cyp19a1b is temporally correlated with that of esr. This increase is blocked by the pure anti‐estrogen ICI182,780. Furthermore, E2 treatment of cyp19a1b‐GFP (green fluorescent protein) transgenic embryos results in appearance of GFP expression in the brain as early as 25 hpf. These results indicate that basal expression of cyp19a1b expression in the brain of developing zebrafish most likely relies upon expression of esr that are fully functional before 25 hpf. Developmental Dynamics 238:2641–2651, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to visualize cortical actin and microtubules in the Drosophila syncytial embryo
Authors: Webb Rebecca L. , Rozov Orr , Watkins Simon C. , McCartney Brooke M.
Published: August 2009

The Drosophila syncytial embryo is a powerful developmental model system for studying dynamic coordinated cytoskeletal rearrangements. Confocal microscopy has begun to reveal more about the cytoskeletal changes that occur during embryogenesis. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy provides a promising new approach for the visualization of cortical events with heightened axial resolution. We have applied TIRF microscopy to the Drosophila embryo to visualize cortical microtubule and actin dynamics in the syncytial blastoderm. Here, we describe the details of this technique, and report qualitative assessments of cortical microtubules and actin in the Drosophila syncytial embryo. In addition, we identified a peak of cortical microtubules during anaphase of each nuclear cycle in the syncytial blastoderm, and using images generated by TIRF microscopy, we quantitatively analyzed microtubule dynamics during this time. Developmental Dynamics 238:2622–2632, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The transcription factor D‐Pax2 regulates crystallin production during eye development in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Dziedzic Katharine , Heaphy Julie , Prescott Hallie , Kavaler Joshua
Published: August 2009

The generation of a functioning Drosophila eye requires the coordinated differentiation of multiple cell types and the morphogenesis of eye‐specific structures. Here we show that D‐Pax2 plays a significant role in lens development through regulation of the Crystallin gene and because Crystallin is also expressed in D‐Pax2+ cells in the external sensory organs. Loss of D‐Pax2 function leads to loss of Crystallin expression in both eyes and bristles. A 2.3 kilobase (kb) upstream region of the Crystallin gene can drive GFP expression in the eye and is dependent on D‐Pax2. In addition, D‐Pax2 binds to an evolutionarily conserved site in this region that, by itself, is sufficient to drive GFP expression in the eye. However, mutation of this site does not greatly affect the regulatory region's function. The data indicate that D‐Pax2 acts to promote lens development by controlling the production of the major protein component of the lens. Whether this control is direct or indirect remains unresolved. Developmental Dynamics 238:2530–2539, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐reported weight gain following smoking cessation: A function of binge eating behavior
Authors: White Marney A. , Masheb Robin M. , Grilo Carlos M.
Published: August 2009

Objective

This study investigated patterns of self‐reported weight gain following smoking cessation among overweight individuals with and without binge eating.

Method

Participants were 103 overweight (BMI ≥ 25) community volunteers who completed a battery of questionnaires online. Key items queried smoking cessation history and weight gain in the year following cessation. Participants were classified as nonbinge eating overweight (NBO, n = 56) or binge eating disorder (BED, n = 47).

Results

BED participants were significantly more likely to report weight gain in the year following smoking cessation than NBO participants. After controlling for current BMI, the amount of self‐reported weight gain following smoking cessation differed significantly between groups, with the NBO group reporting an average gain of 5.0 kg and the BED group reporting 11.2‐kg gain.

Discussion

Since many individuals resume smoking due to cessation‐associated weight gain, these findings highlight the need for targeted interventions for overweight individuals particularly those who also binge eat. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:572–575
Psychological and behavioral correlates of excess weight: Misperception of obese status among persons with Class II obesity
Authors: Jones Megan , Grilo Carlos M. , Masheb Robin M. , White Marney A.
Published: August 2009

Objective:

This study examined psychological and behavioral correlates of weight status perception in 173 Class II obese adult community volunteers.

Method:

Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination‐Self‐Report (EDE‐Q), Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), Beck Depression Inventory, and Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale online. Key items assessed dieting frequency, weight history, and perceived current weight status (normal weight, overweight, or obese). Actual weight status was determined using NIDDK/CDC classification schemes.

Results:

Among participants with Class II obesity, 50.9% incorrectly classified their weight as overweight versus obese, whereas 49.1% accurately perceived their weight status as obese. Inaccurate participants reported significantly less binge eating and less eating disorder psychopathology. Despite similar BMI, inaccurate participants reported less distress regarding overeating and loss of control over eating.

Discussion:

Our findings suggest that obesity status underestimation is associated with less eating disorder psychopathology. Underestimation of obesity status may exacerbate risk for negative health consequences because of a failure to recognize and respond to excess weight. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010;)
Luminescent Polypyridinerhenium(I) Bis‐Biotin Complexes as Crosslinkers for Avidin
Authors: Louie Man‐Wai , Ho‐Chuen Lam Marco , Kam‐Wing Lo Kenneth
Published: August 2009

Two novel luminescent polypyridinerhenium(I) bis‐biotin complexes [Re(NN)(CO)3(pyridine)](CF3SO3) {NN = 4,4′‐bis{[2‐(biotinamido)ethyl]aminocarbonyl}‐2,2′‐bipyridine, bpyC2B2 (1), 4,4′‐bis[(2‐{[6‐(biotinamido)hexanoyl]amino}ethyl)aminocarbonyl]‐2,2′‐bipyridine, bpyC2C6B2 (2)} and their biotin‐free counterpart [NN = 4,4′‐bis(n‐butylaminocarbonyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine, bpyC4 (3)] have been synthesized and characterized. Upon irradiation, all the complexes exhibited triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (3MLCT) emission in fluid solutions at room temperature and alcohol glass at 77 K. The avidin‐binding properties of the bis‐biotin complexes 1 and 2 have been studied by 4′‐hydroxyazobenzene‐2‐carboxylic acid (HABA) assays, emission titrations, and dissociation assays. The potential use of the complexes as signal amplifiers for heterogeneous recognition assays has been demonstrated using avidin‐coated microspheres and one of the complexes. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of these rhenium(I) complexes towards the human cervix epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa) cell line has been evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of the complexes has been examined by laser‐scanning confocal microscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The Versatile Alkylidene Moiety in Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Diesendruck Charles E. , Tzur Eyal , Lemcoff N. Gabriel
Published: August 2009

Ruthenium olefin metathesis is without doubt one of the most thriving fields in modern synthetic chemistry. Applications in industry and recent developments in basic research make the study of alkylidene ruthenium compounds both exciting and rewarding. As usually recurrent in organometallic catalysis, the development of novel ligands, in particular alkylidene ligands, has had a pivotal role in the tremendous success of the area. This microreview details the evolution of the alkylidene ruthenium compounds, including simple alkylidenes, benzylidenes, Fischer carbenes, vinylidenes, allenylidenes, indenylidenes and the important sub‐class of chelated alkylidenes, and includes a discussion of the significant effects these ligands have had on the precatalysts properties.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Photoluminescent Metal‐Organic Nanotubes via Hydrothermal in Situ Ligand Reactions
Authors: Liu Wen‐Ting , Ou Yong‐Cong , Xie Yu‐Ling , Lin Zhuojia , Tong Ming‐Liang
Published: August 2009

Hydrothermal reactions of CdCl2, oxalic acid, 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid and o‐phenylene diamine (o‐PD) yielded three novel coordination polymers [NaCd4(btc)3(H2bbim)4(H2O)2]·2H2O (1), [KCd4(btc)3(H2bbim)4(H2O)2]·2H2O (2) and [Cd(H2bbim)(H2bimbdc)(HbimbdcH)]·H2O (3) [btc = 1,3,5‐benzene tricarboxylate, H2bbim = 2,2′‐bisbenzimidazole, HbimbdcH2 = 1‐(2‐Benzimidazolyl)‐3,5‐benzene dicarboxylic acid]. The benzimidazole derivatives were in situ generated via hydrothermal metal/ligand condensation of oxalic acid or 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid with o‐phenylenediamine. Both 1 and 2 have novel single‐walled nanotubular coordination structures and show strong red photoluminescence at room temperature.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Highly Enantioselective Receptor for Carbamoyl Lactic Acid
Authors: Muñiz Francisco M. , Simón Luis , Alcázar Victoria , Raposo César , Fuentes de Arriba Ángel L. , Morán Joaquín R.
Published: August 2009

A new receptor based on a 9,9‐dimethylxanthene framework was synthesized. Owing to its suitable oxyanion hole structure, this receptor is able to associate carboxylic acids and anions. The introduction of a chiral center provides enantioselective properties to this receptor as a result of its different interactions with both enantiomers of the substrate. The combination of this skeleton with a fluorescent unit such as dansyl allows the detection of small amounts of carboxylic acids by making use of fluorescent techniques.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis of Benzazepines by Gold‐Catalysed Reactions of N‐Allenylamides
Authors: González‐Gómez Álvaro , Domínguez Gema , Pérez‐Castells Javier
Published: August 2009

The gold‐catalysed reactions of alleneamides give different products depending on the substrate and the reaction conditions. In particular, N‐(2‐alkynylphenyl)‐N‐allenyltosylamides give benzazepines when using gold(III) catalysts in the presence of nucleophiles. This sequential process may follow two different reaction pathways, and these are discussed. Metal coordination to the alkyne followed by nucleophilic attack of the allene and trapping of the intermediate with NuH accounts for the formation of 4, but coordination to the allene and addition of NuH to give 3, which can decompose into other products and also form 4, is postulated as a better explanation for these results. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Flexible Common Approach to α‐Substituted Serines and Alanines: Diastereoconvergent Syntheses of Sphingofungins E and F
Authors: Wang Bing , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: August 2009

A flexible common approach for the asymmetric syntheses of sphingofungins E and F is reported, with efficient use of both diastereomers of the Baylis–Hillman adduct in a stereoconvergent manner. Pronounced steric effects of the 2‐substituents in diastereoselective dihydroxylations of (E)‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐2,3‐alkenoates were observed. This strategy also allowed full control over the absolute configurations of the quaternary stereocenters in α‐substituted amino acids through tunable site‐specific adjustment of oxidation states.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Abnormal hippocampal shape in offenders with psychopathy
Authors: Boccardi Marina , Ganzola Rossana , Rossi Roberta , Sabattoli Francesca , Laakso Mikko P. , Repo‐Tiihonen Eila , Vaurio Olli , Könönen Mervi , Aronen Hannu J. , Thompson Paul M. , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Tiihonen Jari
Published: August 2009

Posterior hippocampal volumes correlate negatively with the severity of psychopathy, but local morphological features are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate hippocampal morphology in habitually violent offenders having psychopathy. Manual tracings of hippocampi from magnetic resonance images of 26 offenders (age: 32.5 ± 8.4), with different degrees of psychopathy (12 high, 14 medium psychopathy based on the Psychopathy Checklist Revised), and 25 healthy controls (age: 34.6 ± 10.8) were used for statistical modelling of local changes with a surface‐based radial distance mapping method. Both offenders and controls had similar hippocampal volume and asymmetry ratios. Local analysis showed that the high psychopathy group had a significant depression along the longitudinal hippocampal axis, on both the dorsal and ventral aspects, when compared with the healthy controls and the medium psychopathy group. The opposite comparison revealed abnormal enlargement of the lateral borders in both the right and left hippocampi of both high and medium psychopathy groups versus controls, throughout CA1, CA2‐3 and the subicular regions. These enlargement and reduction effects survived statistical correction for multiple comparisons in the main contrast (26 offenders vs. 25 controls) and in most subgroup comparisons. A statistical check excluded a possible confounding effect from amphetamine and polysubstance abuse. These results indicate that habitually violent offenders exhibit a specific abnormal hippocampal morphology, in the absence of total gray matter volume changes, that may relate to different autonomic modulation and abnormal fear‐conditioning. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth fraction as a predictor of response to chemotherapy in node‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Aleskandarany Mohammed A. , Green Andrew R. , Rakha Emad A. , Mohammed Rabab A. , Elsheikh Somaia E. , Powe Desmond G. , Paish Emma C. , Macmillan R. Douglas , Chan Steve , Ahmed Samreen I. , Ellis Ian O.
Published: August 2009

Accurate predictive markers of chemotherapeutic response in early breast cancer are still lacking. The role of tumour growth fraction as a predictor of response to chemotherapy was assessed in early breast cancer. In this study, immunohistochemical expression of MIB1 was studied in a well‐characterised series of early (Stages I and II) node‐negative breast carcinoma cases (n = 100) with long‐term follow‐up that have received adjuvant chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5‐fluorouracil regimen). In addition, 728 cases who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy were used as a control group. Increased tumour growth fraction was associated with a better response to adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of longer breast cancer specific survival and disease‐free interval [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.354, 95% CI = 0.177–0.688, p = 0.003 and HR = 0.396, 95% CI = 0.205–0.768, p = 0.006, respectively]. In contrast to the control group, patients with high growth fraction tumour (>70%) showed an excellent outcome with infrequently reported events during the period of follow‐up. Importantly, patients with a low growth fraction (≤10%) showed frequent recurrences and shorter survival time with outcome comparable to those of high growth fraction who did not receive chemotherapy. Therefore, tumour growth fraction can be used to assign patients into distinct groups showing differential response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with a high growth fraction appear to be ideal candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy while those with low growth fraction are less likely to benefit and are prone to the potential serious side effects of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Feasibility of chemohyperthermia with docetaxel‐embedded magnetoliposomes as minimally invasive local treatment for cancer
Authors: Yoshida Motohira , Watanabe Yuji , Sato Mitsunori , Maehara Tsunehiro , Aono Hiromichi , Naohara Takashi , Hirazawa Hideyuki , Horiuchi Atsushi , Yukumi Shungo , Sato Koichi , Nakagawa Hiromichi , Yamamoto Yuji , Sugishita Hiroki , Kawachi Kanji
Published: August 2009

Hyperthermia is a minimally invasive approach to cancer treatment, but it is difficult to heat only the tumor without damaging surrounding tissue. To solve this problem, we studied the effectiveness of chemohyperthermia with docetaxel‐embedded magnetoliposomes (DMLs) and an applied alternating current (AC) magnetic field. Human MKN45 gastric cancer cells were implanted in the hind limb of Balb‐c/nu/nu mice. Various concentrations of docetaxel‐embedded DMLs were injected into the tumors and exposed to an AC magnetic field (n = 6, each). For comparison with hyperthermia alone, magnetite‐loaded liposome (ML)‐injected tumors were exposed to an AC magnetic field. Furthermore, the results of DML without AC treatment and docetaxel diluted into PBS with AC treatment were also compared (n = 10, each). Tumor surface temperature was maintained between 42 and 43°C. Tumor volume was reduced in the DML group with a docetaxel concentration > 56.8 μg/ml, while a docetaxel concentration > 568.5 μg/ml was required for tumor reduction without hyperthermia. Statistically significant differences in tumor volume and survival rate were observed between the DML group exposed to the magnetic field and the other groups. The tumor disappeared in 3 mice in the DML group exposed to the magnetic field; 2 mice survived over 6 months after treatment, whereas all mice of the other groups died by 15 weeks. Histologically, hyperthermia with DML damaged tumor cells and DML diffused homogeneously. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show that hyperthermia using chemotherapeutic agent‐embedded magnetoliposomes has an anticancer effect.
Library screening by fragment‐based docking
Authors: Huang Danzhi , Caflisch Amedeo
Published: August 2009

We review our computational tools for high‐throughput screening by fragment‐based docking of large collections of small molecules. Applications to six different enzymes, four proteases, and two protein kinases, are presented. Remarkably, several low‐micromolar inhibitors were discovered in each of the high‐throughput docking campaigns. Probable reasons for the lack of submicromolar inhibitors are the tiny fraction of chemical space covered by the libraries of available compounds, as well as the approximations in the methods employed for scoring, and the use of a rigid conformation of the target protein. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H spectroscopic imaging of human brain at 3 Tesla: Comparison of fast three‐dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging techniques
Authors: Zierhut Matthew L. , Ozturk‐Isik Esin , Chen Albert P. , Park Ilwoo , Vigneron Daniel B. , Nelson Sarah J.
Published: August 2009

Purpose

To investigate the signal‐to‐noise‐ratio (SNR) and data quality of time‐reduced three‐dimensional (3D) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI) techniques in the human brain at 3 Tesla.

Materials and Methods

Techniques that were investigated included ellipsoidal k‐space sampling, parallel imaging, and echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI). The SNR values for N‐acetyl aspartate, choline, creatine, and lactate or lipid peaks were compared after correcting for effective spatial resolution and acquisition time in a phantom and in the brains of human volunteers. Other factors considered were linewidths, metabolite ratios, partial volume effects, and subcutaneous lipid contamination.

Results

In volunteers, the median normalized SNR for parallel imaging data decreased by 34–42%, but could be significantly improved using regularization. The normalized signal to noise loss in flyback EPSI data was 11–18%. The effective spatial resolutions of the traditional, ellipsoidal, sensitivity encoding (SENSE) sampling scheme, and EPSI data were 1.02, 2.43, 1.03, and 1.01 cm3, respectively. As expected, lipid contamination was variable between subjects but was highest for the SENSE data. Patient data obtained using the flyback EPSI method were of excellent quality.

Conclusion

Data from all 1H 3D‐MRSI techniques were qualitatively acceptable, based upon SNR, linewidths, and metabolite ratios. The larger field of view obtained with the EPSI methods showed negligible lipid aliasing with acceptable SNR values in less than 9.5 min without compromising the point‐spread function. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:473–480. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.