bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facet-specific cation exchange and heterogeneous transformation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles induced by Cu(ii)
Authors: Huang Meiying , Liu Cun , Cui Peixin , Dang Fei , Zhou Jing , Liu Mengli , Wang Yujun
Published: December 2022

Cu(ii) ions promotes the dissolution of CdS-NPs with different morphologies by Cd/Cu cation exchange, which is further complicated by environmental matrix effects.
Optimization of pilot-scale re-mineralization by calcite dissolution using sulfuric acid for seawater desalination processes
Authors: Lim Sungil , Kim Yu Chang
Published: December 2022

Desalinated water produced using reverse osmosis (RO) membranes must be re-mineralized with alkali ions before being supplied as drinking water.
Analysis of the development and effects of a combined treatment system for acid mine drainage via bio-oxidation and carbonate rock neutralization
Authors: An Li , Zhang Ruixue , Wang Neng , Wu Pan , Wang Shizhong , Han Zhiwei , Zhang Yahui , Fu Yuran , Zhang Yuhao
Published: December 2022

A unique acid mine drainage treatment system for simultaneous biological oxidation and carbonate neutralization was designed for use prior to the carbonate rock neutralization process.
Mogroside-rich extract from Siraitia grosvenorii fruits protects against heat stress-induced intestinal damage by ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation in mice
Authors: Lu Renhong , Hu Jiahao , Liu Xinxin , Yu Lijiang , Hu Junjie , Jiang Huimin , Liu Shaoyuan , Li Mengqi , He Jiakang , Yang Xiaogan , Liang Xingwei
Published: December 2022

Siraitia grosvenorii is an edible fruit with the functions of relieving heat and relieving cough. Here, we found that mogroside-rich extract (MGE) from Siraitia grosvenorii can prevent heat stress-induced intestinal damage by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation.
Co-immobilization of PPL and GOx on DUT-5/PVDF hybrid membranes and catalytic activity in the cascade oxidation of glucose and styrene
Authors: Hu Defeng , Li Rongzhong , Han Yide , Meng Hao , Zhang Xia
Published: December 2022

Co-immobilization of PPL and GOx on DUT-5/PVDF hybrid membranes was used in the cascade catalytic oxidation of glucose and styrene.
Ultralight, superhydrophobic, low-cost nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels with a “honeycomb” porous structure for efficient oil removal
Authors: Zhang Ruiqian , Meng Qinghan
Published: December 2022

Scheme of the synthetic procedure for the preparation of the CGA or NCGA porous aerogel.
Organocatalytic synthesis of β-enaminyl radicals as single-electron donors for phenyliodine(iii) dicarboxylates: direct one-pot alkylation–aminoxidation of styrenes
Authors: Sakkani Nagaraju , Jha Dhiraj Kumar , Sadiq Nouraan , Zhao John C.-G.
Published: December 2022

β-Enaminyl radicals were synthesized via organocatalysis and used to release alkyl radicals from phenyliodine(iii) dicarboxylates. The latter was used for the direct one-pot alkylation–aminoxidation of styrene derivatives.
γ-P4S3I2: a new metal-free infrared second-order nonlinear optical crystal designed by polymorphism strategy
Authors: Zhao Xin , Lin Chensheng , Yang Shunda , Tian Haotian , Wang Chao , Yan Tao , Zhang Jian , Li Bingxuan , Ye Ning , Luo Min
Published: December 2022

A non-centrosymmetric metal-free thiophosphate, γ-P4S3I2, was successfully designed and synthesized by polymorphism strategy, and featured paralleled (P4S3I2)nmolecular clusters and exhibited promising nonlinear optical (NLO) performances.
Blue-light activated green emitting BaY2Al2Ga2SiO12:Ce3+,Bi3+: efficient persistent luminescence phosphors for AC-LEDs
Authors: Yuan Weihong , Pang Ran , Wang Shangwei , Tan Tao , Su Jiangyue , Chen Xuexia , Liu Ruize , Li Chengyu , Zhang Su , Zhang Hongjie
Published: December 2022

An efficient blue-light excited green-emitting persistent luminescence phosphor, BaY2Al2Ga2SiO12:Ce3+,Bi3+, is designed and synthesized to effectively compensate for the flicker effect of AC-LEDs.
Strepyrrolins A–E, five pyrrole–sesquiterpene hybrids from Streptomyces sp. KIB 015, revealing a new formation logic of pyrroles by isotope labeling
Authors: Wang Li , Zhou Zhi , Huang Jian-Ping , Zhang Liang , Tuo Xiaotao , Yu Zhiyin , Huang Sheng-Xiong , Liu Yang , Yang Jing
Published: December 2022

Strepyrrolins A–E (1–5), five pyrrole–sesquiterpene hybrids were isolated from an endophytic Streptomyces. Isotope labeling experiments revealed that the pyrrole ring in strepyrrolins is constructed via a new logic in nature.
A versatile strategy for the formation of hydride-bridged actinide–iridium multimetallics
Authors: Ye Christopher Z. , Del Rosal Iker , Boreen Michael A. , Ouellette Erik T. , Russo Dominic R. , Maron Laurent , Arnold John , Camp Clément
Published: December 2022

Uranium- and thorium-iridium multimetallic species with unprecedented actinide–iridium interactions are preparedviasalt-elimination reactions between U/Th halides and K[IrCp*H3].
Coreactant-free polyfluorene nanoparticles for the electrochemiluminescence quantitative analysis of dopamine and norepinephrine
Authors: Yang Guomin , Tan Kejun , Yang Jun , Yuan Ruo , Chen Shihong
Published: December 2022

Coreactant-free polyfluorene nanoparticles for the electrochemiluminescence quantitative analysis of dopamine and norepinephrine.
Development of biophoto anodes usingUlvophyceae macroalgae
Authors: Choque Sergio , Zuñiga Cesar , González Alberto , Moenne Alejandra , Antiochia Riccarda , Gorton Lo , Tasca Federico
Published: December 2022

Ulvophyceae macroalgaehave been studied as new efficient self-sustainable biological photovoltaic anodes in the presence and absence of redox mediators.
Enabling technologies for the continuous electrically driven conversion of CO2 and water to multi-carbon products at high current densities
Authors: Dhiman Mahak , Chen Yingying , Li Yifei , Laursen Anders B. , Calvinho Karin U. D. , Deutsch Todd G. , Dismukes G. Charles
Published: December 2022

We report a soft-templating method for the synthesis of high surface area nickel phosphide catalyst (Ni2P). Ni2P exhibits a 40–50% CO2 reduction products selectivity over H2 formation at current densities ranging from 50–300 mA cm−2 in a flow cell.
Assembly methods for asymmetric lipid and polymer–lipid vesicles
Authors: Huang Yuting
Published: December 2022

Asymmetric unilamellar vesicles are aqueous bodies surrounded by two dissimilar leaflets made from lipids, polymers, or both. They are great models for cell membranes and attractive vehicles in potential biomedicine applications. Despite their promise, asymmetric unilamellar vesicles are not widely studied or adopted in applications. This is largely due to the complexity in generating asymmetric membranes. Recent technical advances in microfluidics have opened doors to high throughput fabrication of asymmetric unilamellar vesicles. In this review, we focus on microfluidic methods for generating asymmetric lipid vesicles, with two dissimilar lipid leaflets, and asymmetric lipid–polymer vesicles, with one lipid leaflet and one polymer leaflet. We also review a few standard non-microfluidic methods for generating asymmetric vesicles. We hope to highlight the improved capability in obtaining asymmetric vesicles through a variety of methods and encourage the wider scientific community to adopt some of these for their own work.
Parameter identification of key components of thyristor converter valve based on wavelet packet key feature extraction and Elman neural network
Authors: Pang Lei , Zhang Tianyi , Wang Xinbing , Zhang Kang , Liu Longchen
Published: December 2022

Online health monitoring of thyristor converter valve is very important for the stable operation of high voltage direct current (HVDC) system. However, in practical projects, only offline annual maintenance can be realized. This paper proposes a method for parameter identification of thyristor valve based on wavelet packet key feature extraction and Elman neural network. By preprocessing the measurable characteristic parameters of thyristor valve in practical engineering, such as wavelet packet time‐frequency domain feature extraction, variation coefficient optimization and so on, the characteristic vector that can characterize the health state of thyristor valve is obtained and sent to Elman neural network for training, which realizes the rapid online identification of multiple electrical parameters of thyristor modules in converter valve. Simulation and comparative experiments show that the key feature extraction method proposed in this paper has significant advantages in identification accuracy, and can better identify the damping capacitance and leakage resistance of all thyristor modules. Among them, the deterioration of the damping capacitance is more easily identified, the identification accuracy is the highest and the relative identification error is less than 5%. The parameter identification method proposed in this paper has the advantages of fast identification speed, strong model generalization ability and wide application. This provides a new idea for the online condition monitoring of thyristor valves.
Complex artefact suppression for sparse reconstruction based on compensation approach in X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Yang Fuqiang , Zhang Dinghua , Huang Kuidong , Yang Yao , Li Zhixiang
Published: December 2022

To provide high‐quality imaging by decreasing the sparse view imaging artefact from the computed tomography (CT) images, this study addresses a new artefact suppression technique for sparse data for both single material and multi‐material objects that have diverse materials. It begins with a pre‐reconstructed image and a network of target patches that have been trained beforehand and then uses the forward projection (FP) approach to resolve the structural mutation brought on by sparse‐view projection. As an edge‐preserving operator to commit to the forward operator for sinogram correction, the bilateral filter was used. Both simulated and actual data have been gathered and evaluated in experiments. The suggested forward operator and normalized compensation (FONC) method produce results that have far smaller artefact and errors than those of more traditional techniques. For simulation # blade, the Normalized Mean Square Distance (NMSD) of the proposed method was reduced by 8.94%, Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and the Universal Quality Index (UQI) were increased by 78.17% and 80.49%, respectively, which also demonstrate better uniformity of the results to practical data # pan, where the root mean squared error was reduced by 13.93%. SSIM and UQI were increased by 25.66% and 37.02%, respectively. The results conclusively show that the planned strategies are successful in eliminating artefact for irregular objects.
Dossier : « Patrimoines, savoirs, pouvoirs » – À qui appartiennent les paysages des villages shui ? Mise en tourisme et rapports de pouvoir au Guizhou (Chine du Sud)
Authors: Gauché Évelyne , Déry Steve , Landy Frédéric , Noûs Camille
Published: December 2022

Cette contribution interroge la mise en tourisme du Guizhou, en Chine du Sud, à travers le cas de trois villages de la minorité ethnique shui. La promotion de ces villages au rang de sites touristiques officiels suit un modèle d’aménagement standardisé, ayant pour double objectif le développement économique et la construction d’une identité nationale. Elle implique aussi des transformations souvent importantes du paysage quotidien des populations. Pris entre les actions développementalistes de l’État et les stratégies aménagistes locales, les paysages constituent un véritable enjeu : au final, à qui appartiennent les paysages de ces villages shui ? Après la présentation de trois situations contrastées, les représentations qu’ont les habitants des transformations de leur paysage sont analysées. Celles-ci révèlent l’évolution de leur regard et leur adhésion au modèle dans ses principes d’aménagement. Mais des tensions émergent, ce qui témoigne du faible pouvoir dont disposent les populations dans le processus économique et politique de développement touristique.
Dossier : « Patrimoines, savoirs, pouvoirs » – Construire la nature comme un patrimoine mondial : la fabrique scientifique de l’orang-outan à Sumatra (Indonésie)
Authors: Ruysschaert Denis , Salles Denis
Published: December 2022

Cette recherche vise à comprendre la construction de la nature comme un héritage mondial, particulièrement pour l’orang-outan à Sumatra, puis à en expliquer les implications concrètes. Un ensemble cohérent d’éléments plaident pour la conservation des orangs-outans : un habitat concentré sur des terres impropres à l’agriculture, des croyances locales restées vives et l’existence d’aires protégées. Pour autant, les scientifiques internationaux, intimement liés au mouvement de la conservation, se sont engagés dans une patrimonialisation de l’orang-outan. Ce travail de patrimonialisation entretient une perception de rareté et d’extinction imminente en construisant et mobilisant des indicateurs (nombre, tendance, répartition, rareté) basés sur des modèles complexes. Il conforte aussi leur hégémonie sur la production des savoirs, élude les principaux facteurs explicatifs et rend impossible la coexistence pratique entre l’humain et l’orang-outan.
Screening third-party collectors’ double asymmetric information in a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Liu Ye , An Ni , Zhong Luosheng
Published: December 2022

We investigate the third-party collector’s private information in a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain (DCLSC). The manufacturer sells her products through both an e-channel and retail channel and delegates the collection of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) to a third-party collector. The collector in a DCLSC has two types of private information: i.e., his collection effort level and collection ability. We develop principal-agent models to help the manufacturer design an information screening contract to obtain the collector’s asymmetric information. The results show that (i) an information screening contract can effectively prevent low ability collectors from misrepresenting their private information; (ii) although the increased awareness of environmental protection of consumers improves the manufacturer’s expected profit, it does not affect the retailer’s expected profit and the collector’s expected utility; (iii) the manufacturer’s expected profit enhances with the number of high ability collectors, whereas the expected utility of the high ability collector declines; (iv) the e-channel could not increase the total expected profit of the manufacturer and the retailer, but the channel transfers a part of the retailer’s expected profit to the manufacturer.
The whistle-smile reflex: a missed sign
Authors: Monteiro Mateus Damiani , Brustolin Giovanna Testa , Carvalho Neto Eurípedes Gomes de , Rieder Carlos Roberto de Melo
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we present a historical review of the whistle-smile reflex, a semiological sign missed in the literature and clinical practice.
Access to rehabilitation after stroke in Brazil (AReA study): multicenter study protocol
Authors: Cacho Roberta de Oliveira , Moro Carla Heloisa Cabral , Bazan Rodrigo , Guarda Suzete Nascimento Farias da , Pinto Elen Beatriz , Andrade Suellen Mary Marinho dos Santos , Valler Lenise , Almeida Kelson James , Ribeiro Tatiana Souza , Jucá Renata Viana Brígido de Moura , Minelli Cesar , Piemonte Maria Elisa Pimentel , Paschoal Eric Homero Albuquerque , Pedatella Marco Túlio Araújo , Pontes-Neto Octávio Marques , Fontana Ana Paula , Pagnussat Aline de Souza , Conforto Adriana Bastos ,   AReA Study Group
Published: December 2022

Background Most of the Brazilian population relies on public healthcare and stroke is a major cause of disability in this country of continental dimensions. There is limited information about access to rehabilitation after stroke in Brazil.

Objective To provide comprehensive information about Access to Rehabilitation After discharge from public hospitals in Brazil (AReA study), up to 6 months after stroke.

Methods The present study intends to collect information from 17 public health centers in 16 Brazilian cities in the 5 macroregions of the country. Each center will include 36 participants (n = 612). The inclusion criteria are: age ≥ 18 years old; ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, from 6 months to 1 year prior to the interview; admission to a public hospital in the acute phase after stroke; any neurological impairment poststroke; patient or caregiver able to provide informed consent and answer the survey. Patients can only be recruited in public neurology or internal medicine outpatient clinics. Outcomes will be assessed by a standard questionnaire about rehabilitation referrals, the rehabilitation program (current status, duration in months, number of sessions per week) and instructions received. In addition, patients will be asked about preferences for locations of rehabilitation (hospitals, clinics, or at home).

Trial Status The study is ongoing. Recruitment started on January 31st, 2020 and is planned to continue until June 2022.

Conclusion The AReA study will fill a gap in knowledge about access to stroke rehabilitation in the public health system in different Brazilian regions.
Charge transfer in sodium iodide collisions
Authors: Hedvall Patrik , Odelius Michael , Larson Åsa
Published: December 2022

Sodium iodide (NaI) has, over the years, served as a prototype system in studies of non-adiabatic dynamics. Here, the charge transfer collision reactions Na+ + I− ⇆ Na + I (mutual neutralization and ion-pair formation) are studied using an ab initio approach and the total and differential cross sections are calculated for the reactions. This involves electronic structure calculations on NaI to obtain adiabatic potential energy curves, non-adiabatic and spin–orbit couplings, followed by nuclear dynamics, treated fully quantum mechanically in a strictly diabatic representation. A single avoided crossing at 13.22 a0 dominates the reactions, and the total cross sections are well captured by the semi-classical Landau–Zener model. Compared to the measured ion-pair formation cross section, the calculated cross section is about a factor of two smaller, and the overall shape of the calculated differential cross section is in reasonable agreement with the measured ion-pair formation differential cross section. Treating the Landau–Zener coupling as an empirical parameter of 0.05 eV, the measured total and differential cross sections are well captured when performing fully quantum mechanical cross section calculations including rotational coupling. A semi-empirical spin–orbit coupling model is also investigated, giving satisfactory estimation of the effects of spin–orbit interactions for the reactions.
Anomalous Cu phase observed at HIP bonded Fe–Cu interface
Authors: Abe Hitoshi , Onoi Masahiro , Kimura Atsuro
Published: December 2022

Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) processes are widely used for removing inner defects, densifying sintered components, consolidating particles and powders, and interfacial diffusion bonding. However, microscopic views of the phenomena have not been fully understood. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) experiments were performed to study the interfacial region of the HIP bonded Fe–Cu sample. XAFS analyses clearly show that the bond distance around Cu is extraordinarily short compared with the bulk fcc Cu. The Cu species in the Fe–Cu HIP bonded sample takes a bcc structure even in the Cu-rich phase at room temperature. This anomalous bcc phase of Cu may derive from the HIP diffusion bonding process, which is performed below the melting points of both the elements. Cu atoms can diffuse into Fe with the bcc structure and settle in the bcc sites.
Study of laser directed energy deposition of Inconel 625 and austenitic steel
Authors: Tudu Nehem , Baruah Mayuri , Bhushan Prasad Shashi
Published: December 2022

Functionally graded material (FGM) is an advanced material that illustrates the number of properties in a single component. To develop FGM, it is very important to study each component gradient separately to understand the properties and their behaviour. This paper presents the study of the properties of deposited blocks of the different gradients of Inconel 625 (IN625) and stainless steel 304L (SS304L) (25% IN625 + 75% SS304L, 50% IN625 + 50% SS304L, 75% IN625 + 25% SS304L, and 100% IN625) by a laser directed energy deposition technique. Various tests were performed to understand its mechanical, metallurgical, and chemical behaviour. Deposited samples were heat-treated and then optical microscopy and microhardness were measured and compared to untreated ones and results found to be comparatively improved.
The Influence of Unsupervised Short Leave on Treatment Progress in Forensic Psychiatric Hospitals: A Pre-Post Study with Follow-up
Authors: Neumann Merten , Bauer Louisa
Published: December 2022

In Germany, short leave is an integral part of treatment in forensic psychiatric hospitals. It is believed that the practice has many benefits for patients’ well-being and their treatment progress. However, the risk of an incident in the form of absconding or new offenses may be especially heightened during unsupervised short leave. This study analyzes the impact of unsupervised short leave on treatment progress using a pre-post design with follow-up and a sample of 298 forensic psychiatric patients. Furthermore, incidents on short leave were considered in the analysis. The results of the study suggest that unsupervised short leave can foster treatment progress. However, they also reveal that incidents during leave can disrupt the progress of treatment.
Factors contributing to the change in thermoneutral maximal oxygen consumption after iso‐intensity heat acclimation programmes
Authors: Peel Jenny , John Kevin , Page Joe , Scott Georgia , Jeffries Owen , Heffernan Shane , Tallent Jamie , Waldron Mark
Published: December 2022

The factors explaining variance in thermoneutral maximal oxygen uptake (O2max) adaptation to heat acclimation (HA) were evaluated, with consideration of HA programme parameters, biophysical variables and thermo‐physiological responses. Seventy‐one participants consented to perform iso‐intensity training (range: 45%−55%O2max) in the heat (range: 30°C‐38°C; 20%−60% relative humidity) on consecutive days (range: 5‐days‐14‐days) for between 50‐min and‐90 min. The participants were evaluated for their thermoneutralO2maxchange pre‐to‐post HA. Participants’ whole‐body sweat rate, heart rate, core temperature, perceived exertion and thermal sensation and plasma volume were measured, and changes in these responses across the programme determined. Partial least squares regression was used to explain variance in the change inO2maxacross the programme using 24 variables. Sixty‐three percent of the participants increasedO2maxmore than the test error, with a mean ± SD improvement of 2.6 ± 7.9%. A two‐component model minimised the root mean squared error and explained the greatest variance (R2;65%) inO2maxchange. Eight variables positively contributed (P < 0.05) to the model: exercise intensity (%O2max), ambient temperature, HA training days, total exposure time, baseline body mass, thermal sensation, whole‐body mass losses and the number of days between the final day of HA and the post‐testing day. Within the ranges evaluated, iso‐intensity HA improvedO2max63% of the time, with intensity – and volume‐based parameters, alongside sufficient delays in post‐testing being important considerations forO2maxmaximisation. Monitoring of thermal sensation and body mass losses during the programme offers an accessible way to gauge the degree of potential adaptation.
Blue-light-blocking films enabled by optimal absorption in plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Chu Bo , Zhong Facheng , Hu Taozheng , Li Yan , Yan Rujiang , Shao Li , Zeng Fanguang , Ding Pei , Du Yinxiao , Gu Ping , Wang Junqiao , Chen Zhuo
Published: December 2022

The widespread use of light emitting diode (LED) based devices makes us inevitably exposed to a blue-enriched environment and brings a potential risk to our eyes. Developing a blue-light-blocking filter with narrow absorbing band, so as to only block harmful blue light (415–455 nm) is highly expected. Here, we create a blue-light-blocking film, consisting of a transparent medium embedded with plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) that selectively absorb harmful blue light. We present the optimal design based on Mie theory by comprehensive scanning of the parametric space for the NPs, and experimentally demonstrate this concept with a blue-light-blocking film made of silver NPs in a polymer matrix by a simple solvothermal method. For the case of the silver NPs content ∼0.16 wt%, the film can block harmful blue light ∼65% at λ
0 ≈ 430 nm, while maintaining high transparency for the long wavelength light (λ
0 > 500 nm). We also demonstrate that it is possible to correct color cast by optimizing the design of the plasmonic NPs with sharp absorption resonances at yellow waveband. This method has attractive features including simplicity, low cost, non-toxic and scalability to large sizes, which makes it beneficial for blue-light-blocking applications.
Isoscalar monopole strength in 100Mo: an indicator for static triaxial deformation in the ground state*
Authors: Shi Yue , Stevenson P. D.
Published: December 2022

We perform deformation constraint symmetry-unrestricted three-dimensional time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations for the isoscalar monopole (ISM) mode in 100Mo. Monopole moments are obtained as a function of time using time propagating states based on different deformations. A Fourier transform is then performed on the obtained response functions. The resulting ISM strength functions are compared with experimental data. For the static potential-energy-surface (PES) calculations, the results using the SkM* and UNEDF1 energy-density functionals (EDFs) show spherical ground states and considerable softness in the triaxial deformation. The PES obtained with the SLy4 EDF shows static triaxial deformation. The TDDFT results based on different deformations show that a quadrupole deformation (characterized by

) value of 0.25–0.30 gives a two-peak structure of the strength functions. Increasing triaxial deformation (characterized by γ) from 0

to 30

results in the occurrence of an additional peak between the two, making the general shape of the strength functions closer to that of the data. Our microscopic TDDFT analyses suggest that 100Mo is triaxially deformed in the ground state. The calculated isoscalar

and

strength functions show peaks at lower energies. The coupling of these two modes with the ISM mode is the reason for the three-peak/plateau structure in the strengths of 100Mo.
Transfer learning of an ensemble of DNNs for SSVEP BCI spellers without user-specific training
Authors: Berke Guney Osman , Ozkan Huseyin
Published: December 2022

Objective. Steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs), measured with electroencephalogram (EEG), yield decent information transfer rates (ITRs) in brain-computer interface (BCI) spellers. However, the current high performing SSVEP BCI spellers in the literature require an initial lengthy and tiring user-specific training for each new user for system adaptation, including data collection with EEG experiments, algorithm training and calibration (all are before the actual use of the system). This impedes the widespread use of BCIs. To ensure practicality, we propose a novel target identification method based on an ensemble of deep neural networks (DNNs), which does not require any sort of user-specific training. Approach. We exploit already-existing literature datasets from participants of previously conducted EEG experiments to train a global target identifier DNN first, which is then fine-tuned to each participant. We transfer this ensemble of fine-tuned DNNs to the new user instance, determine the k most representative DNNs according to the participants’ statistical similarities to the new user, and predict the target character through a weighted combination of the ensemble predictions. Main results. The proposed method significantly outperforms all the state-of-the-art alternatives for all stimulation durations in [0.2–1.0] s on two large-scale benchmark and BETA datasets, and achieves impressive 155.51 bits/min and 114.64 bits/min ITRs. Code is available for reproducibility: https://github.com/osmanberke/Ensemble-of-DNNs. Significance. Our Ensemble-DNN method has the potential to promote the practical widespread deployment of BCI spellers in daily lives as we provide the highest performance while enabling the immediate system use without any user-specific training.
Natural decadal variability of global vegetation growth in relation to major decadal climate modes
Authors: Lu Zhengyao , Chen Deliang , Wyser Klaus , Fuentes-Franco Ramón , Olin Stefan , Zhang Qiong , Wu Mousong , Ahlström Anders
Published: December 2022

The ongoing climate change can modulate the behavior of global vegetation and influence the terrestrial biosphere carbon sink. Past observation-based studies have mainly focused on the linear trend or interannual variability of the vegetation greenness, but could not explicitly deal with the effect of natural decadal variability due to the short length of observations. Here we put the variabilities revealed by remote sensing-based global leaf area index (LAI) from 1982 to 2015 into a long-term perspective with the help of ensemble Earth system model simulations of the historical period 1850–2014, with a focus on the low-frequency variability in the global LAI during the growing season. Robust decadal variability in the observed and modelled LAI was revealed across global terrestrial ecosystems, and it became stronger toward higher latitudes, accounting for over 50% of the total variability north of 40°N. The linkage of LAI decadal variability to major natural decadal climate modes, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation decadal variability (ENSO-d), the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), was analyzed. ENSO-d affects LAI by altering precipitation over large parts of tropical land. The PDO exerts opposite impacts on LAI in the tropics and extra-tropics due to the compensation between the effects of temperature and growing season length. The AMO effects are mainly associated with anomalous precipitation in North America and Europe but are mixed with long-term climate change impacts due to the coincident phase shift of the AMO which also induces North Atlantic basin warming. Our results suggest that the natural decadal variability of LAI can be largely explained by these decadal climate modes (on average 20% of the variance, comparable to linear changes, and over 40% in some ecosystems) which also can be potentially important in inducing the greening of the Earth of the past decades.
Review and selection of recycling technology for lithium-ion batteries made for EV application - A life cycle perspective
Authors: Loganathan M. K. , Anandarajah Gabrial , Tan C. M. , Msagati Titus A. M. , Das Barbie , Hazarika Mrigakshee
Published: December 2022

The lithium-ion battery is the source of renewable energy and the battery-operated vehicles are gradually replacing fossil fuel-based automobiles. Though Electric Vehicles (EVs) do not produce emissions through tailpipes, yet the issues pertaining to recycling of the lithium-ion batteries employed in EVs lead to environmental burdens. The EVs sale in global market exceeds a million per year. It is estimated that there will be a huge amount of unprocessed waste of lithium-ion battery packs when these vehicles retire after the service life. The re-use of batteries can reduce the waste generation, however the cumulative burden of the battery wastes will be substantial considering the increasing trend of the electric-vehicle market. There are various methods employed for recycling of lithium-ion batteries. The existing literature reports that their environmental impact is significant. The challenge is to choose a method which causes minimal disruptions to the environment in terms of cost, pollution and energy consumption, which can be effectively addressed by a life cycle analysis based selection method. In this paper, a review is conducted on the current recycling technologies and WPM (Weighted Product Method) based Multi-Criteria Approach is employed to optimally choose the best recycling process for lithium-ion batteries from life cycle perspective.
The influence of material model on the neck development for aluminium alloy sheet
Authors: Huang W , Lu H , Zhou B , Xiao B B
Published: December 2022

The neck development for bore expansion problem is analyzed. Static implicit calculations are carried out for the A2219 Aluminium alloy sheet using ABAQUS/Standard. The equations to give the conditions of the onset of the localized necking of sheet metal based on the general bifurcation theory are presented for plane stress. Since accurate calculation of stresses and strains are the basis for the necking prediction, both associated and non-associated flow rule are adopted in the material model in which Hill’s quadratic functions are used. User defined subroutine UMAT is developed using a fully implicit integration scheme. The results of necking prediction show that necking occurrence delays for the Hill solid using both AFR and NAFR based model compared with Mises solid and necking occurrence slightly delays for the Hill solid using AFR based model compared with Hill solid using NAFR based model. Initial necking occurs when equivalent plastic strain is respectively 0.33, 0.39 and 0.348 for the Mises solid and Hill solids using AFR and NAFR based models. Theses indicate that the material model has significant influence on the accuracy of necking prediction.
Effect of surface treatment on bonding strength of hot rolled steel aluminum clad plate
Authors: Deng Z J , Yu C , Xiao H
Published: December 2022

The surface of steel/aluminum clad plate was treated by 0. 3 mm steel wire brush and #180 sandpaper grinding before rolling, steel plate and aluminum plate adopt the same surface treatment. Then, it was rolled at 45% reduction rate and 450 °C rolling temperature. The rolled steel/aluminum clad plates were annealed at different times, and the steel/aluminum clad plates subjected to different surface treatments were compared for differences in bonding strength and microstructure after rolling and annealing. The surface treatment of steel wire brush formed a continuous hardened layer, and the hardened layer fragment into independent pieces during rolling. The exposed fresh steel matrix was combined with aluminum matrix to form high-strength metallurgical bonding. The surface polished with sandpaper had no obvious hardening layer, and the bonding strength after rolling was lower than that treated with wire brush. After annealing, the diffusion degree of elements at the bonding interface of clad plates subjected to different surface treatment methods increased significantly, and the bonding strength increased significantly. However, due to the oxygen concentration gradient between the steel surface hardening layer and the matrix, a new kind of iron oxide was formed between the hardening layer and the steel matrix during annealing, which connected the steel matrix and the independent hardening layer pieces, and the bonding strength increased rapidly. The research results can provide reference for the surface treatment of the hot-rolled steel/aluminum clad plate.
A study of the formability of stainless steel foils during micro deep drawing
Authors: Li L , Qi Y Y , Ma X G , Jiang Z Y , Manabe K , Lee C S , Zhao J W
Published: December 2022

Stainless steel foils are extensively used in the manufacture of micro-metallic products for their excellent corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and superior ductility. In the present work, stainless steel foils with 50 μm thickness were annealed at temperatures ranging from 750 to 1150 °C for 5 min and then cupped at drawing speeds ranging from 0.1 to 2 mm/min. The formability of metal foils was systematically investigated and the quality of drawn cups via micro deep drawing (MDD) was discussed. The results show that the total elongation of metal foils appears a gradual increase when annealing temperature rises from 750 to 950 °C. With a further increase of annealing temperature from 950 to 1150 °C, both the ultimate tensile strength and the total elongation decline sharply, while the scatter of stress increases. The results of MDD tests show that wrinkling problem becomes increasingly significant on the drawn cups whilst thickness distribution on the drawn cup mouth become quite nonuniform with the increase of drawing speed from 0.1 to 2 mm/min. Overall, optimal annealing temperature and drawing speed are obtained with the purpose of manufacturing high quality micro circular cups.
Study on twist defect of thin-walled components with asymmetric section during roll forming
Authors: Cheng J J , Cao J G , Ruan K , Wang X S , Liu J , Zhao R G
Published: December 2022

With the development of lightweight technology, advanced high strength steel (AHSS) had been widely used in automotive and construction industry. However, twist defect restricts the application of thin-walled components with asymmetric section. In this work, AHSS MS1500 was taken to investigate the complex non-linear elastoplastic behaviors and twist defect in roll forming process. Finite element analysis (FEA) model was established by COPRA software and the material model considered Young’s modulus variation with plastic deformation and material anisotropy was selected. With the developed model, the mechanism of twist defect was discussed and the effect of forming strategy on twist defect was analyzed. For asymmetric hat channel steel, the asymmetric residual longitudinal stress is the principal reason for twist defect. Loading patterns have a significant effect on twist defect and the developed UDT-type (USTB-Durable-type) method can control twist defect effectively. This study has provided theoretical and technical support on large-scale application of AHSS.
Study on hybrid hydroforming process of sheet metal with multi-concave and convex surface parts
Authors: Xiao X T , Qi C X , Wu F , Zhang Z R , Chen M T , Zhou F Q , Chen X L , Zhou X S
Published: December 2022

By means of numerical simulation and experimental, the liquid filling forming process of an aluminum alloy double concave and convex curved sheet part was studied. The quality of forming parts, especially the thinning rate, is compared and studied during different hydroforming process. The results show that the thinning rate of the product is more than 25% regardless of the passive or active liquid filling drawing. However, the maximum thinning rate of the product is less than 20% when the hybrid hydroforming is carried out in a set of die with passive liquid filling in sequence, followed by pulsating reverse liquid filling. The method has reference significance for improving the forming quality of the parts with concave and convex surface of thin plate.
Analysis and characterization of roping in AA6XXX automotive sheet
Authors: Hu Y , Yuan X , Zhou G , Cao L , Yang B , Li D
Published: December 2022

Roping is a severe surface defect in aluminium alloy sheets that can affect the product’s surface quality. However, quantitative prediction of roping is still a challenge. This paper introduces an approach combining experiment and simulation to analyse the roping phenomenon quantitatively in aluminium alloy sheets. A white light interferometer is employed to acquire large-area surface morphology with a detailed description of the corresponding morphological image preprocessing method. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) mapping is conducted on the surface of the two sheets with different roping intensities to acquire orientation maps, and the crystal plasticity framework is developed to predict thickness strain after uniaxial tension. To obtain the quantitative roping prediction, a scaling parameter is proposed to map the predicted thickness strain to the actually measured height variance in depth.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of a 2000 MPa grade ultrahigh strength boron steel
Authors: Chang Z Y , Liu Z Y , Yu Q , Chen S , Yu C S , Li L , Zheng Z W
Published: December 2022

Press hardening steels (PHS) with very high strength are current key materials for lightweight engineering solutions and corresponding CO2 savings. In the present study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of a 2000 MPa grade ultrahigh strength boron steel for hot stamping were reported. Microstructure evolution experiment revealed that the microstructure of the 2000 MPa grade PHS only consisted of martensite when the cooling rate increased to 20 °C/s. The prior austenite grain size was about 6.8 μm when the sample was austenitized at 900 °C for 300 seconds. The appropriate isothermal quenching process should be austenitized between 900 °C and 950 °C during hot stamping because there is an abnormal grain growth of austenite grains at 950 °C. Following the optimal hot stamping condition, the 2000 MPa grade PHS alloy demonstrated yield strength in excess of 1300 MPa and ultimate tensile strength in excess of 2000 MPa together with a total elongation of about 7%.
Effect of impact loading on structural properties of multi-layered Ta/Cu, Nb/Cu and Fe/Cu plates fabricated by single-shot explosive welding
Authors: Paul H , Miszczyk M M , Prażmowski M , Chulist R , Petrzak P , Schell N , Fatemi M
Published: December 2022

In this work, three eleven-layered composite plates based on Cu (six layers) and one of the reactive metals such as Ta, Nb or Fe (five layers) fabricated using a single-shot explosive welding process were studied. The morphology and phase composition of the interfacial layers were thoroughly investigated using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The microstructural and chemical composition analyses were then correlated with micro-hardness measurements to evaluate the mechanical properties of the interfacial layers. It was found that layers near the interfaces exhibited a complex and hierarchical microstructure on various levels. Optical microscopy characterization confirmed the high quality of the composites, without voids or layers delamination. SEM analyses showed that the solidified melt regions unveiled different morphologies but always consisted of a mixture of pure Cu and Ta, Nb or Fe elements. Quantitative nano-scale analysis using TEM revealed that nanoparticles and small dendrites dominated the reaction regions. Although no brittle intermetallics were observed near all interfaces of all composites, the microhardness of the solidified melts was 2-3 times higher than those of the sheets in the annealed state.
Study on LBW/SPF/DB technology of TA15 four-storey lightweight high strength cylinder
Authors: He X F , Ding R , Liu Z Q , Yang X K , Zhao Q Q , Zhang Q
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the application of Laser beam prewelding/superplastic forming/diffusion bonding (LBW/SPF/DB) process in cylindrical parts. The forming die design and the processing process have been researched. A numerical simulation was carried out to determine the parameters of the superplastic forming/diffusion bonding process. The causes of defects are analysed and effective optimization methods are presented. In this paper, the main research contents are as follows, (1) Considering the characteristics of the structure and process of the workpiece, a design idea using a flapping tool and wedge fastening is presented. The process scheme for forming the core barrel step is described. (2) A laser welding power of 1300W and a welding rate of 1000mm/min were determined as the welding parameters for the SPF/DB process. The weld depth and weld width were considered suitable for parameters for laser welding. (3) The results of high temperature material performance indicate that 900 °C and a strain rate of 0.1s-1 strain rate were selected to simulate the forming process. (4) Verify the workpiece in accordance with the simulation parameters and evaluate defects, such as grooves on the surface of the workpiece and triangular areas between vertical bars. All the cylinders’ indexes can meet the requirements, and the process quality is stable and controllable.
Effect of coating on hydrogen embrittlement of hot stamping 22MnB5 high strength steel during electrochemical charging
Authors: Liu Y , Chen Y , Yang C D , Han X H
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the effect of Al–Si coating and its service condition on hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of hot-stamped ultra-high strength martensitic steels (22MnB5) through electrochemical hydrogen charging. The HE behaviour of coated and uncoated specimens under different charging conditions was investigated. The deterioration degree of mechanical properties of charged specimens with charging current is monotonous. At low-current charging, the more severe deterioration of coated specimens due to the excess hydrogen which was provided by corroded coatings. Contrary, with high-current charging, the integral coatings provided effective protection and retarded HE behaviour. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy revealed a similar transition of fractography, i.e., from ductile (uncharged) to quasi-cleavage (0.001A-2h) and a mixture of quasi-cleavage and intergranular fracture (0.1A-2h). Additionally, the coated tailor rolled blank steel was selected to investigate the effect of coating condition on HE. It revealed that the deformation-induced defects on coatings would impair the resistance to HE. Thus, we demonstrated that the Al–Si coating which effectively alleviate HE, was dependent on its integrality.
Estimation of frictional coefficient between tool and specimen in container-less tapered plug penetration test
Authors: Asai K , Kitamura K
Published: December 2022

Tribological developments including lubricant and die material etc. contribute to improvement of die life and product quality in forging. They have used several tribological tests in laboratories. A container-less tapered-plug penetration test was proposed to estimate tribological properties of lubricants with prevention galling and reducing friction. This simple test uses a thick and hollow specimen so that pressure can be higher even without the container. Not to use the container can limit the frictional interface between a tapered-plug and a specimen. Consequently, the friction directly affects the forming load, and it is more simply and precise to estimate the frictional coefficient. In this paper, the frictional coefficient between the tapered-plug and the specimen is estimated using a perturbation method with both FEM analytical and experimental data on the forming load. A change in the frictional coefficient is also indicated during the test.
Micro-Indentation of oxidized low carbon steel to evaluate properties of oxides
Authors: Claverie-Burgué V , Montmitonnet P , Inal K , Burr A , Nicolaÿ A , Picard M , Settefrati A
Published: December 2022

During hot rolling process, an oxide scale grows at the surface of steel slabs. To avoid surface defects such as embedded scale at the end of the finishing mill, descaling stands are added in the production line to remove it using high-pressure water jets. Different steel grades show different descaling capacities and final surface qualities, which may depend on composition through oxide and interface toughness. The idea of this study is to measure the latter using micro-indentation to feed thermomechanical models of the descaling process. After indentation, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) is employed to observe cracking and delamination of oxidized specimen and to calculate adhesion of oxide thanks to an analytical formula. The experimental study confirms that alloying elements have a strong influence on the adhesion of oxide film and suggests that difficult-to-descale grades are those showing a large scatter of interfacial toughness. In parallel, numerical finite element (FEM) simulations of indentation are carried out using Abaqus® to have a better understanding of cracking mechanism and delamination of oxide.