bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of Rice Business in Flood-Prone Areas
Authors: Isa Muzakar , Wajdi M. Farid , Mabruroh Mabruroh , Nur Hayati Siti Fatimah , Kamarulzaman Nitty Hirawaty
Published: December 2021

Rice issues are strategically important given that food sovereignty is one of the government’s strategic plans. The supply chain of rice is a complex system involving many interacting stakeholders. This study aims to analyse the rice supply chain in flood-prone areas, the level of rice business vulnerability to flooding, and the institutional competitiveness in the rice supply chain to improve food security. This study applied a mixed-method approach. The population of this research was business operators in the rice supply chain in the flood-prone areas of Klaten Regency, Indonesia. This study utilized primary data, which were collected using the method of direct interviews with business actors, supported by a list of questions and focus group discussions. The analytical tools used in this study were supply chain analysis, business vulnerability index, and stakeholder analysis. The results show that the rice supply chain consisted of farmers and rice fellers, collectors, rice mills, wholesalers, retailers and, finally, consumers. The vulnerability of companies in the rice supply chain was in the category of moderate. Stakeholders in the rice supply chain had diverse objectives, where the two most substantial goals were building reputation and earning income. Rice mill, Department of Agriculture, Food Security and Fisheries, and community are the main stakeholders in realizing food security because they have high interests and influence. The implication is that these three stakeholders must be the main actors in the development of regional food security.
Environmentally Sustainable Airline Waste Management: The Case of Finnair PLC
Authors: Baxter Glenn , Srisaeng Panarat , Wild Graham
Published: December 2021

Airlines around the world are increasingly focusing on the environmentally sustainable management of wastes produced as a by-product of their operations. The objective of this work was to analyze Finnair’s non-hazardous waste (NHW) types and quantities, their NHW management strategies, and the methods used to mitigate the environmental impact of their NHW, over the period 2008 to 2019. To achieve these objectives, the study was underpinned by an in-depth mixed methods research design; this incorporated a quantitative longitudinal study and a qualitative document analysis. The results revealed that despite significant growth of their operations, Finnair’s annual NHWs have declined over the study period. Finnair’s annual NHWs decreased from 5,710 tonnes in 2008 to 4,212.01 tonnes in 2019. The primary waste disposal methods used by the airline are waste-to-energy recovery and waste recycling, both in-house and by external third-party service providers. Smaller quantities of wastes are composted. Since 2015, the company has had a policy of not disposing wastes to landfill.
Integration of Shading Device and Semi-Circle Horizontal Light Pipe Transporter for High-Rise Office Building in Tropical Climate
Authors: Heng Christopher Yii Sern
Published: December 2021

The blooming of a deep open plan in office buildings is accelerated due to economic profit reasons. This hinders the utilisation of daylight despite having abundance of daylight in tropical climate. Although a light pipe (LP) provides a means to illuminate the deep interior of the space, non-uniform daylight distribution still occurs due to the high illumination contrast across the room. The integration of a shading device (SD) in a room with an LP offers a solution to create a uniform daylight distribution. In this study, daylighting performances of 5 different types of an SD with different angles were analysed through a computer simulation software, namely Integrated Environment Solution Virtual Environment. The simulation was done using overcast and intermediate sky with sun conditions. The results showed that all SD cases improved the daylight uniformity across the room. A horizontal Venetian blind with an angle of +45o and −45o showed the best qualitative performance among all the cases. However, further shading and illumination are needed respectively to increase the potential daylight utilisation in an open plan office room. This study also concluded that a vertical Venetian blind did not provide a good daylight uniformity due to the vertical nature of the SD. A design recommendation guide for building designers is proposed at the end of this study to promote the integration of an SD and an LP in deep open plan high-rise office building.
An Assessment of the Risk of Service Supplier Bankruptcies as a Cybersecurity Threat
Authors: Parry Rebecca
Published: December 2021

Behind technology service suppliers lie companies that are subject to the risk of business failure due to market conditions and trading risks. Such failures could suddenly stop customers accessing services or content, with potentially devastating business and personal impacts, given the rising importance of digital economies. The risk can be illustrated by reference to cloud computing insolvencies but similar issues may affect other service providers. The insolvency of a cloud service provider would be likely to present problems of access to infrastructure, platforms, services and data and insolvency laws are not always designed to enable a managed closedown of a business, which would be needed to enable replacement services to be sourced and data recovered. This cybersecurity risk has barely been touched upon in literature, since it lies at the intersection between law and computer science, both areas requiring high levels of specialist understanding, and this chapter is part of initial attempts to identify the threats presented.
Pregnancy and COVID-19
Authors: Kaushal Sushruti , Kaur Harpreet
Published: December 2021

Pregnancy is a physiological state that alters the body’s response to infections. COVID-19 has been found to cause severe disease in pregnancy with morbidity and mortality that is higher than in non-pregnant adults. There is risk of transmission of SARS-CoV2 infection to fetus during ante-natal period, intra-partum and post-delivery from an infected mother. It is necessary to provide an un-interrupted ante-natal care and delivery services to pregnant women during the pandemic. Tele-consultation is important modality to reduce the physical exposure of pregnant women to the hospital environment and should be utilised. Screening, isolation, testing and treatment for SARS-CoV2 infection in pregnant women should follow the local guidelines and remain essentially the same as in non-pregnant adults. Admission, if required, should be in a facility that can provide obstetric maternal and fetal monitoring in addition to care for COVID-19 illness. Use of nitrous oxide and inhalational oxygen for fetal indication should be avoided during labor. Second stage of labor is considered an aerosol generating procedure and should be managed with adequate precautions. Mode of delivery should be as per obstetric indications. Regional anaesthesia should be preferred during caesarean. COVID-19 is not a contra-indication to breast feeding. For antenatal women, COVID-19 vaccination can be considered after shared decision making.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis and Statistics of Confirmed Cases
Authors: Enrique Machaca Arceda Vicente , Angel Machaca Arceda Miguel , Claudia Laguna Laura Pamela
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus COVID-19 started in December 2019, and it has spread rapidly across China and the whole world. In this chapter, we analyzed the number of confirmed cases in US, India, France, Russia and Brazil. Additionally, we took into account Latin American countries like Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Chile and Mexico. We noticed, how some countries got a low death rate, despite its high number of confirmed cases (US). Additionally, it is interesting, how some countries with a high percentage of obesity got the highest death rate (Mexico). Also, we noticed a decreasing number in confirmed cases after a intensive vaccination plan (US). Finally, we evaluated Weibull Long Short-Term Memory (W-LSTM) and Multiplicative Trend Exponential Smoothing (MTES) to predict confirmed cases, in this case, W-LSTM showed a more realistic forecasting.
Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Abdullah Jaber Mohamed
Published: December 2021

The typical clinical symptoms of the patients who suffered from the novel viral pneumonia were fever, cough, and myalgia or fatigue with abnormal chest CT, and the less common symptoms were sputum production, headache, hemoptysis, and diarrhea. This new infectious agent is more likely to affect older males to cause severe respiratory diseases. Major risk factors for severe illness and mortality from COVID-19 are age, comorbidities such as: heart disease, hypertension, prior stroke, diabetes, chronic lung disease, and chronic kidney disease and associated with adverse outcomes. Loss of taste and smell preceding the onset of respiratory symptoms has been reported.
Phytogenic Feed Additives as An Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry Nutrition
Authors: Saartje Mandey Jet , Nery Sompie Florencia
Published: December 2021

Phytoadditives in animal nutrition have attracted a lot of attention for their potential role as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Phytoadditives are feed additives originated from plants or botanicals that are used in poultry nutrition. This chapter provides an overview about the potency of alternative additive from plants as a basis for exploring it as a phytoadditive for poultry. These substances are derived from herbs, spices, and other plants and their extracts. They are natural, less toxic, residue free and ideal feed additives for poultry when compared to synthetic antibiotics. There efficacy of phytogenic applications in poultry nutrition depends on several factors, such as composition and feed inclusion level of phytogenic preparations, bird genetics, and overall diet composition. Addition of 100 mg/kg feed essential oils consist of carvacrol, thymol and limonene in matrix encapsulation improved performance and apparent ideal digestibility of nutrients of broiler chickens. Besides enhancing performance, phytogenic also has antioxidant, the effects of which are associated with essential oils (EOs) and their components. Administration of eucalyptus and peppermint oil blends by oral (0.25 ml/L drinking water) and spray route (0.1 ml/20 ml water) reduced Newcastle disease infection in broilers. Phytoadditives have antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antitoxigenic, antiparasitic and insecticidal properties. The benefits of using phytoadditives in poultry nutrition are increased feed intake, stimulation of digestion, increased growth performance, reduced incidence of disease, improved reproductive parameters, feed efficiency, profitability. Based on the latest scientific findings presented in this chapter, the following main conclusions have been drawn that phytomolecule and that bioactives have potential to be developed as an alternative additive for poultry, and that promote health.
COVID-19 and Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Cardenas Suri Hisyovi , Jimomila Bening David , Demah Nuertey Benjamín
Published: December 2021

One year after the beginning of the epidemic, mortality continues to be high despite several different protocols being tried. Critical patients with Covid 19 in some degree of organ failure and thrombotic events meet the diagnostic criteria of a complete or incomplete catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) or at least we may need to consider a partial form of it. The findings of autopsies and the involvement of different organs and systems are similar to those of CAPS. Currently the only therapy that has been shown to reduce mortality include steroids, anticoagulation and an antinuclear antibody. The same therapy has been shown to be effective for CAPS.
La revista Militancia Peronista para la Liberación (1973-1974) y su “Sección Polémica”: una representación del intercambio epistolar entre obreros de base
Authors: Stavale Mariela
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza una revista de la nueva izquierda argentina: Militancia Peronista para la Liberación (1973-74). La publicación es expresiva de una corriente específica dentro del peronismo revolucionario: “el alternativismo” que, a comparación con otros actores, ha sido poco estudiada. También, expresa el proceso de transformación identitaria para el grupo político que surgió en torno a la publicación, visibilizando una vía de radicalización política particular: la “izquierdización” del peronismo. Aquí nos concentramos en el análisis de la Sección Polémica, que representa un intercambio epistolar entre personajes obreros y peronistas. A diferencia del resto de las notas periódicas de la revista, Sección Polémica supuso un “contrato de lectura” específico, con lógicas propias y la construcción de múltiples lectores. Como veremos, la sección es un prisma a partir del cual es posible mostrar aquel proceso de transformación identitaria y los sentidos de un peronismo en disputa, reconstruyendo las apuestas del grupo político y los debates con los sectores internos del movimiento peronista, Perón y, también, con las organizaciones movimientistas del peronismo revolucionario.
 Palabras clave: identidad política; sección polémica; Perón; alternativismo; movimientismo
La Vita beati Iohannis pii patriarche Alexandrie [BHL 4392]: editio princeps y traducción
Authors: Bohdziewicz Olga Soledad , Warburg Inés
Published: December 2021

This paper offers the editio princeps of the life of John the Almsgiver transmited in ms. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Lat. 3820. This codex dating from the 14th century belonged to the St. Trophime cathedral of Arles. It is the only known witness of a late translation of the saint’s life written by Leontius of Neapolis, already spread across the latin world trough the version of Anastasius the Librarian. A concise introduction to the latin text and a Castilian translation are presented alongside the critical edition.
EVALUATION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE PHOSPHOGYPSUM STOCKPILE OF “HIV” VELES, THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Janchev Mitko , Boev Ivan , Stojanovska Zdenka , Boev Blazo
Published: December 2021

The production of phosphoric acid from natural phosphate ore generates an industrial waste product named phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum contains considerable amounts of natural radionuclides from the 238U chain, originating from the ore but enriched during the technological process. In order to perform radiological characterization of the “HIV” (Chemical Industry Veles) phosphogypsum stockpile, five phosphogypsum samples were collected and analyzed. The mean values of gross alpha and beta specific activities ± standard deviation values were: (950±104) Bq/kg and (1694±220) Bq/kg, respectively. Further analysis showed increased gross activities of radionuclides of the 238U chain, while the radionuclides of the 232Th chain and 40K were below the detection limit. The mean values of the specific activities of 238U and 226Ra were (360±55) Bq/kg and (280±84) Bq/kg, respectively. The estimated annual outdoor effective dose, at 1m received by adults was 0.25 mSv/y, which is below a dose limit of 1 mSv/y for members of general public. The results obtained in this study show that radionuclides, although present in relatively high concentrations in the phosphogypsum pile, do not imply an increased external radiation risk for members of the population. The possible use of phosphogypsum in civil construction and agriculture may not be excluded if conditions of prior good planning taking into account the radionuclides activities exist.
Una etnografía de las representaciones y las construcciones mediáticas de las protestas y resistencias en las cárceles de Córdoba
Authors: Caminos Berton María Fernanda , Villarreal Agustín
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze the practices of resistance and protests in the prisons of Córdoba in Argentina, and to reflect on the media representations of these practices. This article focuses on the social and historical constructions that have been reified over time in the media about a certain narrative on prisons, prisoners, and riots. The purpose of this paper is to propose local perspectives and discuss with the exclusivity of the riot as the only practice of resistance installed in the social imaginary. Accordingly, the native meanings are approached in their own context of use, through the analysis of situations in which the actors actualize their representations of their own social world. Following this intention, an ethnography with persons deprived of their liberty and their relatives is used as a starting point. It is concluded that local perceptions of prison protests do not necessarily coincide with the meanings attributed to them by the media. n this analysis, it is of interest to illustrate how the subjectivities historically constructed through the images that circulate in the media about prisons influence the constitution of the punitivist imaginary in the current situation of Preventive and Compulsory Social Isolation (ASPO) to tackle the Covid-19 pandemic. Conducted between July and October 2020, this work contributes to the deepening and complication of studies on the practices of protests and resistance in prisons, through the analysis of the meanings assigned to them by the protagonists. This text proposes a questioning, from an academic perspective, of the social classifications of persons deprived of their liberty in the media representations.
Dopamine enhances model-free credit assignment through boosting of retrospective model-based inference
Authors: Deserno Lorenz , Moran Rani , Michely Jochen , Lee Ying , Dayan Peter , Dolan Raymond J
Published: December 2021

Dopamine is implicated in representing model-free (MF) reward prediction errors a as well as influencing model-based (MB) credit assignment and choice. Putative cooperative interactions between MB and MF systems include a guidance of MF credit assignment by MB inference. Here, we used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design to test an hypothesis that enhancing dopamine levels boosts the guidance of MF credit assignment by MB inference. In line with this, we found that levodopa enhanced guidance of MF credit assignment by MB inference, without impacting MF and MB influences directly. This drug effect correlated negatively with a dopamine-dependent change in purely MB credit assignment, possibly reflecting a trade-off between these two MB components of behavioural control. Our findings of a dopamine boost in MB inference guidance of MF learning highlight a novel DA influence on MB-MF cooperative interactions.
A helicase-tethered ORC flip enables bidirectional helicase loading
Authors: Gupta Shalini , Friedman Larry J , Gelles Jeff , Bell Stephen P
Published: December 2021

Replication origins are licensed by loading two Mcm2-7 helicases around DNA in a head-to-head conformation poised to initiate bidirectional replication. This process requires origin–recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, and Cdt1. Although different Cdc6 and Cdt1 molecules load each helicase, whether two ORC proteins are required is unclear. Using colocalization single-molecule spectroscopy combined with single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), we investigated interactions between ORC and Mcm2-7 during helicase loading. In the large majority of events, we observed a single ORC molecule recruiting both Mcm2-7/Cdt1 complexes via similar interactions that end upon Cdt1 release. Between first- and second-helicase recruitment, a rapid change in interactions between ORC and the first Mcm2-7 occurs. Within seconds, ORC breaks the interactions mediating first Mcm2-7 recruitment, releases from its initial DNA-binding site, and forms a new interaction with the opposite face of the first Mcm2-7. This rearrangement requires release of the first Cdt1 and tethers ORC as it flips over the first Mcm2-7 to form an inverted Mcm2-7–ORC–DNA complex required for second-helicase recruitment. To ensure correct licensing, this complex is maintained until head-to-head interactions between the two helicases are formed. Our findings reconcile previous observations and reveal a highly coordinated series of events through which a single ORC molecule can load two oppositely oriented helicases.
When oncogenes do not cause cancer
Authors: Shiu Jessica , Lander Arthur D
Published: December 2021

Environmental cues, not oncogene-induced senescence, may stop melanocytes with an activating mutation in the BRAF gene from turning into melanoma.
AdCOFE: Advanced Contextual Feature Extraction in conversations for emotion classification
Authors: Bhat Vaibhav , Yadav Anita , Yadav Sonal , Chandrasekaran Dhivya , Mago Vijay
Published: December 2021

Emotion recognition in conversations is an important step in various virtual chatbots which require opinion-based feedback, like in social media threads, online support, and many more applications. Current emotion recognition in conversations models face issues like: (a) loss of contextual information in between two dialogues of a conversation, (b) failure to give appropriate importance to significant tokens in each utterance, (c) inability to pass on the emotional information from previous utterances. The proposed model of Advanced Contextual Feature Extraction (AdCOFE) addresses these issues by performing unique feature extraction using knowledge graphs, sentiment lexicons and phrases of natural language at all levels (word and position embedding) of the utterances. Experiments on emotion recognition in conversations datasets show that AdCOFE is beneficial in capturing emotions in conversations.
Description and ontogeny of a 40-million-year-old parasitic isopodan crustacean:Parvucymoides dvorakorumgen. et sp. nov.
Authors: Van der Wal Serita , Schädel Mario , Ekrt Boris , Haug Joachim T.
Published: December 2021

A collection of exceptionally well-preserved fossil specimens of crustaceans, clearly representatives of Isopoda, is presented here. Excavated from the late Eocene (approximately 40 million years ago) freshwater sediments of the Trupelník hill field site near Kučlín, Czech Republic, these specimens are preserved with many details of the appendages. The morphological characteristics of the fossils were documented using macro-photography with polarised light, as well as stereo imaging. These characteristics, especially including the trunk appendage morphology, were compared to those of related extant groups from different ontogenetic stages. All specimens are conspecific, representing a single speciesParvucymoides dvorakorumgen. et sp. nov. Morphometric analysis of body shapes and sizes of the reconstructed fossils and related extant species were performed. These analyses provided insight into the ontogenetic stages of each reconstructed fossil specimen. In combination with the morphological assessment, the results indicate that the fossils represent at least two (possibly three) developmental stages, including immatures. The morphology of the appendages suggests that these fossils were parasites. The fossils are interpreted as either representatives of Cymothoidae or at least closely related to this group.
The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs
Authors: Madzia Daniel , Arbour Victoria M. , Boyd Clint A. , Farke Andrew A. , Cruzado-Caballero Penélope , Evans David C.
Published: December 2021

Ornithischians form a large clade of globally distributed Mesozoic dinosaurs, and represent one of their three major radiations. Throughout their evolutionary history, exceeding 134 million years, ornithischians evolved considerable morphological disparity, expressed especially through the cranial and osteodermal features of their most distinguishable representatives. The nearly two-century-long research history on ornithischians has resulted in the recognition of numerous diverse lineages, many of which have been named. Following the formative publications establishing the theoretical foundation of phylogenetic nomenclature throughout the 1980s and 1990s, many of the proposed names of ornithischian clades were provided with phylogenetic definitions. Some of these definitions have proven useful and have not been changed, beyond the way they were formulated, since their introduction. Some names, however, have multiple definitions, making their application ambiguous. Recent implementation of theInternational Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature(ICPN, orPhyloCode) offers the opportunity to explore the utility of previously proposed definitions of established taxon names. Since the Articles of theICPNare not to be applied retroactively, all phylogenetic definitions published prior to its implementation remain informal (and ineffective) in the light of the Code. Here, we revise the nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaur clades; we revisit 76 preexisting ornithischian clade names, review their recent and historical use, and formally establish their phylogenetic definitions. Additionally, we introduce five new clade names: two for robustly supported clades of later-diverging hadrosaurids and ceratopsians, one uniting heterodontosaurids and genasaurs, and two for clades of nodosaurids. Our study marks a key step towards a formal phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs.
Overexpression of fucosyltransferase 8 reverses the inhibitory effect of high-dose dexamethasone on osteogenic response of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts
Authors: Wu Zhiming , Lin Tianye , Kang Pan , Zhuang Zhikun , Wang Haibin , He Wei , Wei Qiushi , Li Ziqi
Published: December 2021

Background

Core fucosylation catalyzed by FUT8 is essential for TGF-β binding to TGF-β receptors.

Methods

Indirect TGF-β1 binding assay was used to evaluate the ability of TGF-β1 to bind to TGFBRs, Alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining were used to detect osteogenic differentiation and mineralization ability , western blot and quantitative RT-PCR were used to measure the differential expression of osteogenesis-related proteins and genes. Plasmid-mediated gain-of-function study. The scale of core fucosylation modification was detected by Lectin-blot and LCA laser confocal.

Results

Our results showed that compared with vehicle treatment, high-dose (10−6 and 10−5 M) dexamethasone significantly inhibited cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and FUT8 mRNA expression while promoting mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes in MC3T3-E1 cells, suggesting that downregulation of FUT8 is involved in the inhibitory effect of high-dose dexamethasone on osteogenesis. Overexpression of FUT8 significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation and activated TGF-β/Smad signaling in MC3T3-E1 cells in the presence of high-dose dexamethasone, suggesting that FUT8 reverses the inhibitory effect of high-dose dexamethasone on osteogenesis. In addition, lectin fluorescent staining and blotting showed that overexpression of FUT8 significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of high-dose dexamethasone on core fucosylation of TGFBR1 and TGFBR2. Furthermore, indirect TGF-β1 binding assay showed that overexpression of FUT8 remarkably promoted TGF-β1 binding to TGFBRs in MC3T3-E1 cells in the presence of high-dose dexamethasone.

Conclusions

Taken together, these results suggest that overexpression of FUT8 facilitates counteracting the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on TGF-β signaling and osteogenesis.
ENTRE FAZERES, FALÁCIAS E FORMAÇÃO: ENSINO DE ARTE EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Nogueira Monique Andries
Published: December 2021

O artigo trata de limites e possibilidades do ensino de arte no Brasil, no modo remoto, em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19. Apresenta reflexão substanciada em relatos de professores de arte, das redes públicas e privadas do estado do Rio de Janeiro, acerca dos desafios enfrentados na oferta de atividades de produção, apreciação e contextualização no ensino de arte. Com referências de Adorno e Ostrower, analisa a equidade e o alcance das estratégias docentes. Como conclusão, percebe-se que, ao lado avanços no tocante às atividades de apreciação e contextualização, o fazer artístico se viu danificado, em função não só das limitações técnicas, mas também pela desigualdade na posse de artefatos e do acesso à internet, comprometendo a qualidade do ensino ofertado, principalmente, aos estudantes das classes populares.
FORMAÇÃO EM SERVIÇO E CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E SOCIEDADE (CTS): UMA ARTICULAÇÃO EPISTEMOLOGICAMENTE POSSÍVEL PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Oliveira Fatima Peres Zago de , Schroeder Tiago Ravel , Pereira Kariston
Published: December 2021

A pesquisa apresentada neste artigo tem como objetivo delinear contribuições da orientação pedagógico-curricular no movimento Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) à formação em serviço para professores. As reflexões são realizadas no âmbito teórico por meio de uma análise conceitual. Os resultados apontam que é possível vislumbrar a perspectiva da formação em serviço atrelada aos elementos do movimento CTS, pois ambos os paradigmas são permeados e balizados epistemologicamente pela Teoria Crítica (TC). Também apontam que esse atrelamento possa ser o mote para atividades que envolvam formação docente.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: ATUAÇÃO E TRANSFORMAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR
Authors: Oliveira Caroline Porto de , Gonçalves Isabela Cristina Brito
Published: December 2021

A urgência de práticas que promovam a sustentabilidade é de ampla aceitação. O desenvolvimento da temática ambiental é essencial para a formação de valores na sociedade contemporânea, de modo que ela ganha mais espaço no discurso coletivo e nas leis que regem a educação. Este trabalho objetiva discorrer sobre as possibilidades de abordar a Educação Ambiental como projeto escolar, relatando a experiência de uma década em uma Escola Técnica Estadual do Rio de Janeiro. O projeto envolveu alunos, professores, e demais setores da comunidade escolar. Os resultados obtidos englobaram cinco grandes áreas: 1. Gestão de resíduos; 2. Consumo; 3. Cobertura vegetal; 4. Ações na comunidade; 5. Manutenção e obras sustentáveis. Por conseguinte, o projeto tem sido relevante na discussão e construção de uma sociedade mais crítica, justa e sustentável.
Thermal Manipulation in Multi‐Layered Anisotropic Materials via Computed Thermal Patterning
Authors: Liu Shuting , Li Yingguang , Liu Qiangqiang , Xu Ke , Zhou Jing , Shen Yingxiang , Yang Zijian , Hao Xiaozhong
Published: December 2021

Manipulation of heat distribution in the material is a long‐term goal that has been pursued in the field of thermal functional materials. Various thermal manipulation methods have been successfully developed, some of which have realized gorgeous thermal patterns. However, existing thermal functional materials are either difficult to avoid introducing massive external heaters and cables or it is hard to achieve dynamic thermal manipulation with a high thermal resolution and accuracy. In addition, the complicated manufacturing process also limits the wide application of thermal functional materials. Herein, a computed thermal patterning method is proposed, which can dynamically achieve a freewheeling thermal manipulation in the highly versatile and easily manufactured multi‐layered material. This method first introduces the principle of tomography into the thermal manipulation by treating heat beams as light energy via a multi‐angled rhythmical superposition, enabling the human characters to be written, paintings to be drawn, movies to be played, without embedding any external heaters or cables. A particular thermal diffusion problem in the tomographic process is solved by developing an inverse thermal diffusion optimization. Experimental cases demonstrate the great potential of this method in multi‐zoned thermal forming, encrypted messaging, 3D thermal printing, and morphing.
Topochemistry‐Driven Synthesis of Transition‐Metal Selenides with Weakened Van Der Waals Force to Enable 3D‐Printed Na‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Zong Wei , Guo Hele , Ouyang Yue , Mo Lulu , Zhou Chunyang , Chao Guojie , Hofkens Johan , Xu Yang , Wang Wei , Miao Yue‐E , He Guanjie , Parkin Ivan P. , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi
Published: December 2021

Hybrid capacitors exhibit promise to bridge the gap between rechargeable high‐energy density batteries and high‐power density supercapacitors. This separation is due to sluggish ion/electron diffusion and inferior structural stability of battery‐type materials. Here, a topochemistry‐driven method for constructing expanded 2D rhenium selenide intercalated by nitrogen‐doped carbon hybrid (E‐ReSe2@INC) with a strong‐coupled interface and weak van der Waals forces, is proposed. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analysis dynamically tracks the transformation from ReO into ReC bonds. The bridging bonds act as electron transport channels to enable improved conductivity and accelerated reaction kinetics. The expanded interlayer‐spacing of ReSe2 layer by INC facilitates ion diffusion and ensures structural stability. As expected, the E‐ReSe2@INC achieves an improved rate capability (252.5 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and long‐term cyclability (89.6% over 3500 cycles). Moreover, theoretical simulations reveal the favorable Na+ storage kinetics can be ascribed to its low bonding energy of −0.06 eV and diffusion barrier of 0.08 eV for sodium ions. Additionally, it is demonstrated that 3D printed sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors deliver high energies/power densities of 81.4 Wh kg−1/0.32 mWh cm−2 and 9992.1 W kg−1/38.76 mW cm−2, as well as applicability in a wide temperature range.
Perspectives of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Integration
Authors: An Junru , Zhao Xingyu , Zhang Yanan , Liu Mingxiu , Yuan Jian , Sun Xiaojuan , Zhang Zhiyu , Wang Bin , Li Shaojuan , Li Dabing
Published: December 2021

2D materials show wide‐ranging physical properties with their electronic bandgaps varying from zero to several electronvolts, offering a rich platform to explore novel electronic and optoelectronic functions. Notably, atomically thin 2D materials are well suited for integration in optoelectronic circuits, because of their ultrathin body, strong light–matter interactions, and compatibility with the current silicon photonic technology. In this paper, an overview of the state of the art of using 2D materials in optoelectronic devices and integration is provided. The optoelectronic properties of 2D materials and their typical electronic and optoelectronic applications including light sources, optical modulators, photodetectors, field‐effect transistors, and logic circuits are summarized. The device configurations, operation mechanisms, and device figures‐of‐merit are introduced and discussed. By discussing the recent advances, future trends, and existing challenges of 2D materials and their optoelectronic devices, this review has provided an insight into the perspectives of 2D materials for optoelectronic integration and may guide the development of this field within the research community.
Diradical‐Featured Organic Small‐Molecule Photothermal Material with High‐Spin State in Dimers for Ultra‐Broadband Solar Energy Harvesting
Authors: Sun Jiangman , Zhao Engui , Liang Jie , Li Hui , Zhao Shuhong , Wang Guan , Gu Xinggui , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2021

Organic materials with radical characteristics are gaining increasing attention, due to their potential implications in highly efficient utilization of solar energy. Manipulating intermolecular interactions is crucial for tuning radical properties, as well as regulating their absorption bands, and thus improving the photothermal conversion efficiency. Herein, a diradical‐featured organic small‐molecule croconium derivative, CR‐DPA‐T, is reported for highly efficient utilization of solar energy. Upon aggregation, CR‐DPA‐T exists in dimer form, stabilized by the strong intermolecular π–π interactions, and exhibits a rarely reported high‐spin state. Benefiting from the synergic effects of radical characteristics and strong intermolecular π–π interactions, CR‐DPA‐T powder absorbs broadly from 300 to 2000 nm. In‐depth investigations with transient absorption analysis reveal that the strong intermolecular π–π interactions can promote nonradiative relaxation by accelerating internal conversion and facilitating intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) between dimeric molecules to open up faster internal conversion pathways. Remarkably, CR‐DPA‐T powder demonstrates a high photothermal efficiency of 79.5% under 808 nm laser irradiation. By employing CR‐DPA‐T as a solar harvester, a CR‐DPA‐T‐loaded flexible self‐healing poly(dimethylsiloxane) (H‐PDMS) film, named as H‐PDMS/CR‐DPA‐T self‐healing film, is fabricated and employed for solar–thermal applications. These findings provide a feasible guideline for developing highly efficient diradical‐featured organic photothermal materials.
A Promising Multifunctional Deep‐Blue Fluorophor for High‐Performance Monochromatic and Hybrid White OLEDs with Superior Efficiency/Color Stability and Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Ying Shian , Liu Wei , Peng Ling , Dai Yanfeng , Yang Dezhi , Qiao Xianfeng , Chen Jiangshan , Wang Lei , Ma Dongge
Published: December 2021

High‐performance deep‐blue fluorescent materials matching the required Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage y coordinate value (CIEy) of < 0.08 are much‐needed in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) for realizing the perfect application of full‐color displays. However, deep‐blue fluorophors commonly show unsatisfactory performance due to the intrinsic large bandgap characteristic. Here, the deep‐blue nondoped OLED with the good CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.07) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ≈9% is achieved based on a multifunctional and efficient anthracene‐based fluorophor (2M‐ph‐3CzAnBzt). Using it as a host, the sky‐blue fluorescent OLED realizes the maximum EQE of 9.50%, and keeps as high as 9.27% and 8.56% at 1000 and 5000 cd m−2. More surprisingly, high‐performance hybrid white OLEDs (WOLEDs) with good color stability and low roll‐off are achieved by using it as the blue emitter. Two‐color WOLED shows the forward‐viewing efficiencies of 20.46%, and 76.80 lm W−1. The three‐color WOLED emitting a candlelight with the color rendering index of ≥ 82 realizes the maximum EQE of 21.49% and remains 20.80% at 1000 cd m−2. Such superior electroluminescence performance achieved in these OLEDs ranks among the highest values based on deep‐blue fluorophors with CIEy < 0.08.
Pursuing sustainable high‐yield winter wheat via preanthesis dry matter and nitrogen accumulation by optimizing nitrogen management
Authors: He Xiaoming , Zhang Ling , Hu Yuncai , Liang Zhengyuan , Zhang Wei , Meng Qingfeng , Zou Chunqin , Chen Xinping , Yang Huaiyu
Published: December 2021

Quantitative understanding of photosynthetic production of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under N fertilizer management is crucial for achieving sustainable high grain yield with less environmental risks. A 3‐yr study was conducted to evaluate dry matter and N accumulation for sustainable high grain yield with respect to preanthesis N management of winter wheat in the North China Plain. Optimal nitrogen application rate (Opt.N) was determined by subtracting soil nitrate measured at root layers from the target N‐demand for wheat. Other treatments included no N fertilizer control, conventional farmer N practice, and 70 and 130% of Opt.N. The highest grain yield (9 t ha−1) with high N use efficiency (NUE) was attained with Opt.N rate which is predominantly attributed to high dry matter (69%) and N accumulation (94%) from sowing to preanthesis. Most remarkably, N remobilization from preanthesis contributed nearly 97% of grain N accumulation. Highest dry matter production was achieved when the critical plant N concentration reached 2.90% at stem elongation stage and 1.91% at anthesis. The maximum leaf area index and photosynthetic rate needed for high dry matter production were realized with similar critical plant N concentration during preanthesis (2.55 and 2.36 for at GS31, respectively) and at GS64 (2.01 and 1.83%). Supplying additional N fertilizer over Opt.N increased neither grain yield nor grain N accumulation but heightened environmental risks from soil N surplus. These results highlight the importance of preanthesis N fertilizer optimization and provide effective N management strategy to enable high wheat yield with high NUE.
Regulation of citrulline synthesis in human enterocytes: Role of hypoxia and inflammation
Authors: Couchet Morgane , Pestour Sandie , Breuillard Charlotte , Corne Christelle , Rendu John , Fontaine Eric , Moinard Christophe
Published: December 2021

Intensive care unit patients and chronic airway inflammatory disease are characterized by chronic systemic hypoxia and inflammation inducing a decrease in nitric oxide release due to impaired l‐arginine (ARG) homeostasis. As ARG is synthesized from circulating l‐citrulline (CIT), an alteration of CIT production in small intestine by ornithine carbamoyltransferase could be involved. Here, we posit that hypoxia and/or inflammation has effects on ornithine carbamoyltransferase regulation in enterocytes. A duodenal explant incubation model was used. Biopsy specimens taken from 25 selected patients were incubated for 6 h in 4 groups: control, inflammation, hypoxia, and hypoxia + inflammation. At the end of the incubation period, we measured CIT concentration in culture media, ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity, ornithine carbamoyltransferase protein and gene expression, protein expression of enzymes involved in the CIT production pathway, and expression of energy status proteins. Inflammation and/or hypoxia conditions did not affect CIT production. Ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity was increased in hypoxia conditions (p = 0.023). Expression of enzymes implicated in the CIT crossroads pathway and enzymes reflecting energy status variation was not affected by inflammation and hypoxia. Data sets were pooled to evaluate the variability of the four quartiles for each parameter. CIT production was found to increase over the quartiles whereas other parameters remained stable. Our results showed that intestinal CIT production is preserved during inflammation and/or hypoxia, thus confirming the significance of this metabolic pathway. This suggests that the CIT deficiency observed in clinical hypercatabolic states could be a consequence of high utilization for ARG synthesis.
Evaluation of a workplace organ donation intervention: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Khoshravesh Sahar , Karimi‐Shahanjarini Akram , Poorolajal Jalal , Barati Majid , Bashirian Saeed , Hamidi Majid , Khalili Sanaz
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention called ‘Organ donation, Life donation’ on increasing the number of signed donor cards among employees. A randomized controlled trial study was conducted in Hamadan, Iran, among employees of two‐branch offices from February to July 2019. We randomly assigned 14 two‐branch offices (n = 324 participants) to the multi‐component intervention (i.e., providing training and materials, engaging participants' families and providing immediate opportunity to register for organ donation) or control groups. We used the Extended Organ Donation Model to guide the intervention development. Data were collected using a 46‐item self‐administered questionnaire at pre‐test, 1‐month follow‐up and 6‐month follow‐up. Descriptive statistics, Chi‐square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) change score analyses were used to describe studied variables and investigate changes in outcome variables (i.e., signed donor card and constructs of Extended Organ Donation Model. A higher proportion of the participants in the intervention group signed a donor card than the control group (73.2% vs. 17.9%, respectively). After follow‐ups, the two groups had statistically significant differences in knowledge, perceived behavioural control, anticipated regret, descriptive norms, non‐cognitive beliefs, Islamic beliefs and intention. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of a brief theory‐based intervention combining different strategies to increase the registration rate in workplaces. It appears that using a multi‐component intervention and taking into account cultural and religious contexts will encourage people to sign donor cards in different communities.
Stochastic modeling and analysis of the bitcoin protocol in the presence of block communication delays
Authors: Bistarelli Stefano , De Nicola Rocco , Galletta Letterio , Laneve Cosimo , Mercanti Ivan , Veschetti Adele
Published: December 2021

We analyze the protocol of the bitcoin blockchain by using the PRISM probabilistic model checker. In particular, we (i) extend PRISM with the ledger data type, (ii) model the behavior of the key participants in the protocol—the miners—and (iii) describe the whole protocol as a parallel composition of processes. The probabilistic analysis of the model highlights how forks happen and how they depend on specific parameters of the protocol, such as the difficulty of the cryptopuzzle and the network communication delays. Our results confirm that considering transactions in blocks at depth larger than 5 as confirmed is reasonable because the majority of miners have consistent blockchains up‐to that depth with probability of almost 1. We also study the behavior of networks with churn miners, which may leave the network and rejoin afterwards, and with different topologies.
A dynamic parameter tuning method for SpMM parallel execution
Authors: Qi Bin , Komatsu Kazuhiko , Sato Masayuki , Kobayashi Hiroaki
Published: December 2021

Sparse matrix‐matrix multiplication (SpMM) is a basic kernel that is used by many algorithms. Several researches focus on various optimizations for SpMM parallel execution. However, a division of a task for parallelization is not well considered yet. Generally, a matrix is equally divided into blocks for processes even though the sparsities of input matrices are different. The parameter that divides a task into multiple processes for parallelization is fixed. As a result, load imbalance among the processes occurs. To balance the loads among the processes, this article proposes a dynamic parameter tuning method by analyzing the sparsities of input matrices. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the performance of SpMM for examined matrices by up to 39.5% on a single vector engine and 3.49 on a single CPU.