bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yoga Intervention for Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing External Beam Radiation Therapy
Authors: Ben-Josef Avital Mazar , Wileyto E. Paul , Chen Jerry , Vapiwala Neha
Published: November 2015

Purpose. Studies have demonstrated beneficial health effects from yoga interventions in cancer patients, but predominantly in breast cancer. Research on its role in alleviating prostate cancer (PC) patients’ side effects has been lacking. Our primary goal was to determine the feasibility of recruiting PC patients on a clinical trial of yoga while they underwent external beam radiation therapy (RT). Methods. Twice-weekly yoga interventions were offered throughout the RT course (6-9 weeks). Baseline demographic information was collected. Feasibility was declared if 15 of the first 75 eligible PC patients approached (20%) were successfully accrued and completed the intervention. Additional end points included standardized assessments of fatigue, erectile dysfunction (ED), urinary incontinence (UI), and quality of life (QOL) at time points before, during, and after RT. Results. Between May 2013 and June 2014, 68 eligible PC patients were identified. 23 patients (34%) declined, and 45 (56%) consented to the study. 18 (40%) were voluntarily withdrawn due to treatment conflicts. Of the remaining 27, 12 (30%) participated in ≥50% of classes, and 15 (59%) were evaluable. Severity of fatigue scores demonstrated significant variability, with fatigue increasing by week 4, but then improving over the course of treatment ( P = .008). ED, UI, and general QOL scores demonstrated reassuringly stable, albeit not significant trends. Conclusions. A structured yoga intervention of twice-weekly classes is feasible for PC patients during a 6- to 9-week course of outpatient radiotherapy. Preliminary results are promising, showing stable measurements in fatigue, sexual health, UI, and general QOL.
“Because She Knew That I Did Not Have a Social”
Authors: Lauby Fanny
Published: November 2015

Understanding the challenges of Latino undocumented students in high school is crucial to improving their success rates in college. Based on interviews with 60 Latino undocumented youths, I explore the barriers to proper educational guidance for this population. Results indicate that undocumented youths often lack accurate information about college, and that schools can provide negative contexts of bureaucratic incorporation. As a result, undocumented youths devise their own ad hoc strategies for gaining access to college.
The Role of Perceived Feedback Sources’ Learning-Goal Orientation on Feedback Acceptance and Employees’ Creativity
Authors: Son SuJin , Kim Do-Yeong
Published: November 2015

In this study, we endeavor to explain comprehensively how a feedback receiver’s perception of feedback sources (i.e., leaders) encourages employee feedback acceptance and enhances their creativity through a mediating and moderating mechanism. A total of 190 employees and 53 leaders from 8 different organizations in South Korea were included in the final analysis. Using structural equation modeling, this study found that a feedback receiver’s perception of the feedback sources’ learning-goal orientation was positively related to their credibility through the high-quality feedback. Furthermore, the feedback acceptance was found to play a mediating role in the relationship between source credibility and employee creativity. Moreover, the results showed that the relationship between feedback acceptance and employee creativity was stronger when employees perceived their organizations as having a high-level learning organization culture. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are also addressed.
Modeling Team Performance
Authors: Lin Chieh-Peng , Chen Yi-Fan
Published: November 2015

Drawing on social identity theory and conflict theory, this study develops a research model that explains the development of team performance. In the model, team performance is indirectly related to authentic leadership and empathy via the full mediation of team identity and relationship conflict. Meanwhile, the positive relationship between team identity and team performance and the negative relationship between relationship conflict and team performance are hypothetically moderated by passion. Empirical testing of this model, by investigating team personnel from high-tech firms, confirms the integrative applicability of social identity theory and conflict theory for improving team performance. Last, the managerial implications and limitations of this study based on its empirical findings are provided.
Head and neck surgery in a tertiary centre: Predictors of difficult airway and anaesthetic management
Authors: Wong Patrick , Iqbal Rehana , Light Karen Patricia , Williams Elisabeth , Hayward James
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

The management of head and neck surgical patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and so anticipating the difficult airway is important.

Methods:

We undertook a prospective survey on consecutive adult patients scheduled on the elective operating lists of four head and neck consultant surgeons. Data were collected over a 36 month period. Data included: patient characteristics; routine predictors of difficulty in airway management (bedside tests of the airway, a history of previous surgery or radiotherapy and the presence of airway symptoms); laryngoscopy grade; method of anaesthesia and airway management; and any airway complications arising during induction of anaesthesia and extubation.

Results:

The ‘study’ group consisted of 818 patients. The ‘direct laryngoscopy’ group contained 674 patients, that is, patients who had direct laryngoscopy and could therefore be classified as easy or difficult intubation. The prevalence of difficult intubation was 12.6%. Factors or tests that were statistically significantly associated with difficult intubation were: history of difficult airway; previous head or neck radiotherapy treatment; presence of airway symptoms; presence of moderate or severe limited neck movement; and short interdental distance. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values were: history of difficult airway 16.5%, 98.6% and 63.6%; previous radiotherapy 12.9%, 96.6% and 35.5%; airway symptoms 42.9%, 69.6% and 15.9%; moderate/severe neck limitation 16.7%, 97.2% and 46.7%; Mallampati score 3 or 4, 38.8%, 83.8% and 25.8%; and interdental distance 9.4%, 98.8% and 53.3%, respectively. The Bonfils intubation fibrescope was the most commonly used indirect laryngoscopy device (63.9% of all such cases). Twenty-six patients (3.2%) had complications during their initial airway management after induction of anaesthesia. There was one case of ‘cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate’, which required an emergency tracheostomy.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of difficult intubation in head and neck surgical patients was higher than in the general population, but predictive tests for difficult intubation have poor to moderate value. In our study, rates of difficult face mask ventilation, failed intubation and complications during induction and extubation were low. However, serious morbidity, although rare, can still be encountered. Head and neck surgical patients can be managed safely in a tertiary centre where there is appropriate surgical and anaesthetic expertise in managing difficult airways.
An investigation of the associations among sleep duration and quality, body mass index and insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Arora Teresa , Chen Mimi Z. , Omar Omar M. , Cooper Ashley R. , Andrews Rob C. , Taheri Shahrad
Published: November 2015

Objectives:

To examine direct and indirect associations of sleep duration and quality with insulin resistance, considering body mass index (BMI) as a potential mediator in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data from patients enrolled in the Early Activity in Diabetes study. We studied 522 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 65.9% male, mean age 63.5 ± 10.1 years. Of the total sample 53% had a BMI of ⩾30 kg/m2. Participants completed a 7-day sleep diary and sleep questionnaire. Average sleep duration (minutes), average nap duration (minutes) and average number of night awakenings were derived. Objective measures of height and body weight were obtained for the BMI calculation (kg/m2). Insulin resistance was obtained using the homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) standardized technique.

Results:

Average number of night awakenings was positively correlated with BMI ( r= 0.22, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with logged HOMA2-IR ( r= -0.16, p = 0.04). Path analysis demonstrated night awakenings were directly associated with BMI and indirectly associated with insulin resistance, whilst considering BMI as a potential mediator ( p < 0.05). Sleep duration was not associated with BMI or insulin resistance ( p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Sleep quality, not sleep duration, plays an important role in insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. BMI may mediate the relationship between indicators of sleep quality and insulin resistance. There is a need to examine the impact of improving sleep quality on obesity and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Creating a database of internet-based clinical trials to support a public-led research programme: A descriptive analysis
Authors: Brice Anne , Price Amy , Burls Amanda
Published: November 2015

Background

Online trials are rapidly growing in number, offering potential benefits but also methodological, ethical and social challenges. The International Network for Knowledge on Well-being (ThinkWell™) aims to increase public and patient participation in the prioritisation, design and conduct of research through the use of technologies.

Objective

We aim to provide a baseline understanding of the online trial environment, determining how many trials have used internet-based technologies; how they have been used; and how use has developed over time.

Methods

We searched a range of bibliographic databases to March 2015, with no date limits, supplemented by citation searching and references provided by experts in the field. Results were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria, and included studies mapped against a number of key dimensions, with key themes developed iteratively throughout the process.

Results

We identified 1992 internet-based trials to March 2015. The number of reported studies increased substantially over the study timeframe. The largest number of trials were conducted in the USA (49.7%), followed by The Netherlands (10.2%); Australia (8.5%); the United Kingdom (5.8%); Sweden (4.6%); Canada (4%); and Germany (2.6%). South Korea (1.5%) has the highest number of reported trials for other continents. There is a predominance of interventions addressing core public health challenges including obesity (8.6%), smoking cessation (5.9%), alcohol abuse (7.7%) and physical activity (10.2%); in mental health issues such as depression (10.9%) and anxiety (5.6%); and conditions where self-management (16.6%) or monitoring (8.1%) is a major feature of care.

Conclusions

The results confirm an increase in the use of the internet in trials. Key themes have emerged from the analysis and further research will be undertaken in order to investigate how the data can be used to improve trial design and recruitment, and to build an open access resource to support the public-led research agenda.
Experimental Evolution and Economics
Authors: Burnham Terence C. , Dunlap Aimee , Stephens David W.
Published: November 2015

This is a theory paper that advocates experimental evolution as a novel approach to study economic preferences. Economics could benefit because preferences are exogenous, axiomatic, and contentious. Experimental evolution allows the empirical study of preferences by placing organisms in designed environments and studying their genotype and phenotype over multiple generations. We describe a number of empirical studies on different aspects of preferences. We argue that experimental evolution has the potential to improve economics.
An investigation on 4-aminobenzoic acid modified polyvinyl chloride/graphene oxide and PVC/graphene oxide based nanocomposite membranes
Authors: Ahmad Nafees , Kausar Ayesha , Muhammad Bakhtiar
Published: November 2015

We synthesized graphene oxide (GO) using a modified Hummer’s method, and then blended it into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and amino-functional PVC (PVC-4ABA) matrices. GO was added to 0.5 g PVC at 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 g. The PVC/GO matrix was modified using 4-aminobenzoic acid (4ABA) at 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 g per 0.5 g PVC. This gave four amino-functional PVC/GO series and one PVC/GO series nanocomposite membranes that were prepared by a solution blending route. The filler and the modifier (4ABA) content effect on the PVC membrane properties were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the GO functional groups and PVC modification with 4ABA. According to scanning electron microscopy, a unique two-way layered structure was observed for modified PVC and GO composites. XRD explained the conformation of PVC/GO and modified PVC/GO nanocomposites. GO crystallite size and its interlayer distance between sheets were also studied. The XRD peak at 2θ = 10.8° with interlayer spacing of 0.81 nm was calculated with the Bragg equation. GO particle size was calculated (Scherrer formula) as 7.78 nm. XRD results revealed fine interaction between modified PVC and GO compared with unmodified PVC composites. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of non-modified PVC/GO nanocomposite was 202℃, whereas modified nanocomposite with similar GO loading had Tg equal to 212℃. Higher filler content gave better hydrophilic membranes as determined by solvent content, porosity, and shrinkage ratio. PVC-4ABA-0.5/GO 0.5 membrane with a low contact angle (25°) is a fine option for water purification. The overall results suggest that the higher modifier concentrations developed better interaction between the nanofiller and PVC.
SIK inhibition in human myeloid cells modulates TLR and IL-1R signaling and induces an anti-inflammatory phenotype
Authors: Lombardi Maria Stella , Gilliéron Corine , Dietrich Damien , Gabay Cem
Published: November 2015

Macrophage polarization into a phenotype producing high levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and low levels of proinflammatory IL-12 and TNF-α cytokines plays a pivotal role in the resolution of inflammation. Salt-inducible kinases synergize with TLR signaling to restrict the formation of these macrophages. The expression and function of salt-inducible kinase in primary human myeloid cells are poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrated that the differentiation from peripheral blood monocytes to macrophages or dendritic cells induced a marked up-regulation of salt-inducible kinase protein expression. With the use of 2 structurally unrelated, selective salt-inducible kinase inhibitors, HG-9-91-01 and ARN-3236, we showed that salt-inducible kinase inhibition significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12p40) and increased IL-10 secretion by human myeloid cells stimulated with TLR2 and-4 agonists. Differently than in mouse cells, salt-inducible kinase inhibition did not enhance IL-1Ra production in human macrophages. Salt-inducible kinase inhibition blocked several markers of proinflammatory (LPS + IFN-γ)-polarized macrophages [M(LPS + IFN-γ)] and induced a phenotype characterized by low TNF-α/IL-6/IL-12p70 and high IL-10. The downstream effects observed with salt-inducible kinase inhibitors on cytokine modulation correlated with direct salt-inducible kinase target (CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 3 and histone deacetylase 4) dephosphorylation in these cells. More importantly, we showed for the first time that salt-inducible kinase inhibition decreases proinflammatory cytokines in human myeloid cells upon IL-1R stimulation. Altogether, our results expand the potential therapeutic use of salt-inducible kinase inhibitors in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
De Damas à Urbino
Authors: Grévin Benoît
Published: November 2015

L’Italie renaissante (1370-1520) offre un champ d’exploration privilégié pour poser à nouveaux frais la question de la circulation des connaissances arabes et portant sur l’arabe dans l’espace méditerranéen, à l’intersection duDār al-Islāmet de l’Europe latine. Une approche inspirée de la sociolinguistique et combinant histoire des réseaux marchands, curiaux et communautaires et étude des témoignages textuels permet de dépasser les clivages traditionnels pour reconstituer les contours de cultures multiples, en perpétuelle évolution. Les « arabes italiens » de la Renaissance sont en effet alimentés aussi bien par les réseaux marchands italiens dans le monde arabe que par les pratiques linguistiques des communautés juives péninsulaires et, surtout, siciliennes. Les connaissances de tous ordres ainsi accumulées trouvent des débouchés originaux dans les cours du Quattrocento, intéressées à des stratégies de déploiement de savoirs linguistiques exotiques, sans pour autant être pérennisées au travers d’un enseignement orientaliste encore à venir.
L'histoire médiévale de la raison philosophique moderne (XVIIIe-XIXe siècles)
Authors: König-Pralong Catherine
Published: November 2015

L’histoire de la philosophie qui s’établit comme discipline académique aux XVIIIeet XIXesiècles narre l’histoire de la raison philosophique de l’Antiquité à son achèvement moderne. À l’âge qui s’est dit « moderne », cette historicisation de la raison procède d’une rationalisation de l’histoire de la philosophie, qui vise à légitimer la supériorité de la modernité européenne sur les autres cultures, notamment arabe, chinoise et africaine. À partir de 1780, les historiens de la philosophie et de la culture démarquent en effet la rationalité (indo-)européenne des cultures sémitiques. La raison européenne est caractérisée par une composante philosophique de nature « grecque » et par une culture chrétienne dont les racines sont découvertes durant le Moyen Âge. Dans cette construction, le Moyen Âge et les Arabes occupent des places centrales. Le Moyen Âge est en effet le lieu historiographique de l’acculturation chrétienne de la philosophie grecque. « Peuple sémitique », les Arabes se voient quant à eux dénier toute forme de rationalité scientifique ou philosophique, bien que la destinée de la philosophie grecque fût arabe avant d’être latine, au Moyen Âge précisément.
L'équilibre dynamique au Moyen Âge central
Authors: Boureau Alain
Published: November 2015

Le livre de Joel Kaye,A History of Balance, 1250-1375, offre une avancée sur les notions de mentalités et de représentations. L’auteur repère et analyse, chez les acteurs de l’histoire entre 1250 et 1375, ce qu’il construit comme un modèle, en désignant ainsi la notion assumée d’équilibre dynamique et autonome : les éléments du réel se règlent constamment pour atteindre une position médiane de stabilité. Les cas du livre portent sur l’histoire de l’économie, de la médecine et de la philosophie naturelle. Leur sont adjointes des illustrations propres à la théologie (sur les indulgences) et à l’éthique (sur les restitutions).
Langues d'Islam et sociétés médiévales
Authors: Grévin Benoît
Published: November 2015

L’Italie renaissante (1370-1520) offre un champ d’exploration privilégié pour poser à nouveaux frais la question de la circulation des connaissances arabes et portant sur l’arabe dans l’espace méditerranéen, à l’intersection du Dār al-Islām et de l’Europe latine. Une approche inspirée de la sociolinguistique et combinant histoire des réseaux marchands, curiaux et communautaires et étude des témoignages textuels permet de dépasser les clivages traditionnels pour reconstituer les contours de cultures multiples, en perpétuelle évolution. Les « arabes italiens » de la Renaissance sont en effet alimentés aussi bien par les réseaux marchands italiens dans le monde arabe que par les pratiques linguistiques des communautés juives péninsulaires et, surtout, siciliennes. Les connaissances de tous ordres ainsi accumulées trouvent des débouchés originaux dans les cours du Quattrocento, intéressées à des stratégies de déploiement de savoirs linguistiques exotiques, sans pour autant être pérennisées au travers d’un enseignement orientaliste encore à venir.
Le berbère au Moyen Âge
Authors: Ghouirgate Mehdi
Published: November 2015

Si dans la vulgate de l’histoire de l’Occident musulman médiéval les Berbères apparaissent comme une composante majeure tant sur le plan politique que militaire, il n’en va pas de même de leurs langues. Cet article se propose de revenir sur cette lacune en appréhendant la question de l’islamisation et de l’étatisation des sociétés du Maghreb sous les empires almoravide et almohade à travers le prisme de la langue berbère. En effet, contrairement à l’Orient qui vit quasiment disparaître les langues autochtones copte et syriaque, peu de Maghrébins étaient capables de lire et de parler l’arabe avant les XIIe et XIIIe siècles. Or le berbère servit de support à l’islamisation non seulement au Maghreb mais également en Afrique subsaharienne et fut à ce titre couché par écrit. Toujours dans la même logique, les Almohades se dotèrent d’une langue sacrée propre qui était la langue berbère des Maṣmūda à laquelle ils agrégèrent bon nombre de termes arabes, essentiellement puisés dans le champ lexical religieux. Cette langue en vertu d’une tradition prophétique (ḥadiṯh) ne fut pas appelée « langue berbère » mais « langue occidentale » ; les Almohades-Berbères cherchaient ainsi à se doter d’un idiome qui soit l’expression du message sacré.
Professor, Magistra, et Discipuli: A College Internship in the Secondary School Classroom
Authors: Fisher Elizabeth
Published: November 2015

Without additional resources, a university Latin program and a nearby public school have provided undergraduates with the opportunity to explore and experience teaching Latin at the secondary level. The internship has supported the efforts of the Latin teacher in the public school, illustrated to undergraduate students the possibility of teaching Latin in a secondary school as a professional option after graduation, and benefited both the school and the university Latin programs. The program can be readily adapted to local circumstances and will be replicated at a second university this fall.
Three Instances of Greek Autobiographical Writing from the Fourth Century BCE
Authors: Kotzé Annemaré
Published: November 2015

The article argues that an alternative perspective on ancient autobiographical writing becomes possible when the emphasis is placed on first-person narration as a narrative strategy per se. Plato’s Apology of Socrates and Seventh Letter and Isocrates’ Antidosis are examined as the earliest extant examples of extended first-person narration from Greek antiquity. The following issues are highlighted as significant factors to be kept in mind in the reading of the texts: the context of rivalry within which the selected examples functioned; the role of the apologetic, protreptic, and paraenetic communicative purposes pursued by the authors; notions of “fictionality” and “factuality” in light of recent theory of autobiography; ancient and modern thinking about the persuasive power of first-person narration; and the intersection of apologetic, protreptic, and paraenetic communicative aims with first-person narration in the selected examples.
A Narratological Investigation of Ovid’s Medea: Met. 7.1–424
Authors: Libatique Daniel
Published: November 2015

In this paper, I apply the methodology of narratological focalization to Ovid’s account of Medea in the Metamorphoses (7.1–424), an episode that many scholars have acknowledged as marked by jarring shifts. Focalization allows the reader to trace more subtly and appreciate more fully the step-by-step progression in Medea’s character, as the audience’s sympathy is gradually alienated from the young girl in love by means of shifting focalizations. I also investigate the neglected Liber vignette (7.294–296) as an important signpost for the murder of Pelias, rather than a retrospective close to the Aeson episode.
Wordless Texts, Empty Hands: The Metaphysics and Materiality of Scriptures in Journey to the West
Authors: Hui Andrew
Published: November 2015

Why are the pilgrims given empty scriptures in the final chapters of Journey to the West ? Prevailing interpretations read it as a transparent joke. This article instead proposes that the final chapters of the novel should be read as an extended allegorical commentary on the Heart Sūtra . The metaphysics of the empty scriptures and the materiality of the fragmented scriptures deliberately correspond to the Heart Sūtra ’s duality of emptiness and form, a duality that is ultimately dissolved in the Buddhist paradox of expressing nonduality through linguistic means. Xiyou ji , and in fact Buddhism at large, suggests that all texts—whether they be scriptures or literary fiction—are necessary yet insufficient vehicles in the pursuit of ultimate truth. Texts are only instrumental; the proverbial raft that must be discarded once the river to enlightenment has been crossed. 摘要: 本文將《西遊記》的結局作為《般若心經》的託寓來解讀，分析小說如何 以無字天書的的形而上學的內涵來闡述心經中色與空之間虛妄的雙對性。《西遊 記》指出，在追尋絕對真義的過程中，文本只不過是一個工具而已。这一道理无 异于佛法的基本教義。
What Did Disciples Do?: Dizi 弟子 in Early Chinese Texts
Authors: Weingarten Oliver
Published: November 2015

The Confucian “scene of instruction” is the most influential model of discipleship for the Warring States through the Han period. It portrays the collective identity of master and disciples ( dizi ) as derived from the production, recitation, and transmission of texts. However, examination of how pre-Qin texts depict discipleship as a social phenomenon suggests that learning to read and write was not a universal aspiration of dizi . Moreover, attention to emplotment, motifs, wording, and tone in historical narratives about the master-disciple relationship shows increasing similarities over time to the patron-retainer relationship, including the potential for aggression and expectations of material returns. Discipleship, however, apparently created a permanent mutual obligation not shared by retainership. Further research is needed to understand the broad range of social roles expected of dizi in early Chinese texts. 摘要: 在許多學者的心目中，孔子與其弟子的集體認同源自他們對文本的創作、 複述和傳遞，然而學會閱讀和寫作並非一般弟子的普遍志向。有關孔子和弟子間 的關係的歷史記載所採用的編撰風格體現出這一關係越發相似於養士者與食客間 的關係。
The Rehabilitation of Chen Dong
Authors: Hartman Charles , Li Cho-Ying
Published: November 2015

Chen Dong, a student at the Imperial University in Kaifeng, was executed in 1127 because he criticized Song policy to relocate to the south rather than continue military resistance against the Jurchen invasions. The historical process that transformed an executed criminal into one of the seminal moral voices of Song history reveals the tension between literati governance and autocratic governance throughout the dynasty. Thirty-eight colophons, dating 1222–1259, which were written on a holograph memorial from the day of Chen’s execution, demonstrate how literati resistance to the administrations of Shi Miyuan and his nephew Shi Songzhi, especially among adherents of the “learning of the Way” movement, enhanced the historical stature of Chen Dong and presented him as a voice of “public opinion” against the autocratic power of higher authority. 摘要: 太學生陳東以其批判南宋朝廷偏安及放棄抗金之政策而於建炎元年被處極 刑。本文分析陳東奏稿的三十八通題跋，說明士人 (尤其是道學者) 將其言論標榜 為對抗獨裁勢力的公議，使其名聲從死犯轉為道德跫音之先驅。此一過程顯示了 士人統治與專制統治之間的張力。
A Religious Approach to the Zhongyong : With a Focus on Western Translators and Korean Confucians
Authors: Kim Seonhee , Baek MinJeong
Published: November 2015

One of most speculative and philosophical works of the Confucian classics, the Zhongyong (Kor. Chungyong ) is also the one demonstrating religiousness. Reading the text in terms of religiousness can be one channel toward understanding its worldview and significance. The present study first analyzes the attempts of Western translators who approached the Zhongyong from a religious perspective before proceeding to review religious interpretations of the Zhongyong by certain Korean Confucians. While the former focuses on James Legge, Tu Wei-Ming, and David L. Hall and Roger T. Ames, who approached the Zhongyong in terms of Western theories and ideas, the latter deals with Yun Hyu, Yi Pyŏk, and Chŏng Yagyong, Chosŏn dynasty scholars, writing in the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries, who interpreted the text differently from other Korean scholars of their time. Despite their different approaches, interpretations of the Zhongyong by the Western scholars treated here share a commonality in that they all draw religiousness from the text, focusing the ontological structure with a transcendental being at its center and human emergence and transcendence within it. Their religious interpretations of the Zhongyong are supported in a limited way by a certain trend among Korean Confucians. Despite their emphasis on a personal Shangdi (Kor. Sangje ) rather than impersonal li (Kor. li ), Yun Hyu, Yi Pyŏk, and Chŏng Yagyong focused not on a transcendental being or the ontological structure of the world, but on a personal connection with the original source of morality and ethical praxis, drawing from this the notion of self-transformation in everyday life.
“All Man, All Priest”: Father Emil Kapaun, Religion, Masculinity, and the Korean War
Authors: Rausch Franklin
Published: November 2015

At his home parish in Kansas stands a statue of Father Emil Kapaun, a Catholic priest and military chaplain who died in a POW camp during the Korean War, inscribed with the words, “All Man, All Priest.” This is a curious inscription since Catholic priests are men by definition. It is not therefore asserting Kapaun’s biological sex, but his fulfillment of a particular form of masculinity. In fact, this inscription accurately portrays how Kapaun’s contemporaries remembered him. This article will therefore argue, based on a reading of the historical materials left by Kapaun and those who knew him, that while Kapaun’s actions were shaped by his understanding of his priesthood, Cold War anxieties led to the production of particular ideals about masculinity that caused his contemporaries to remember Kapaun in masculine terms. This paper will also examine the 1950s television program The Good Thief , and show how it portrayed Kapaun in accordance with Cold War ideals of masculinity to prove that religion could make men strong enough to defeat Communism, even at the cost of removing those religious memories of his life that conflicted with these ideals, thereby illustrating the complex relationship between memory, masculinity, and religion during the Cold War.
Reframing Christianity on Cheju during the Korean War
Authors: Gwon Gwisook
Published: November 2015

The Korean War is known as the most important factor in the reframing of Christianity among the people of South Korea. This paper explores the reframing process in the local context of Cheju Island. Cheju is an interesting region for this research. Its dominant indigenous religions and a historical uprising against Catholics made it highly resistant to the Christian mission. However, Cheju emerged as the most receptive place for the spread of Christianity through its accommodation of North Korean Christian refugees during the Korean War. My analysis argues that the outbreak of the Cheju Massacre in 1948 and the influence of the North Korean Christian refugees that arrived on Cheju during the subsequent Korean War had a critical influence on changing the Cheju locals’ view of Christianity from that of an unwanted foreign power to an instrument for fighting communism. Despite the conflicts that arose with the Christian refugees, those refugees’ influence on the lives of the locals led to a multi-layered acceptance of Christianity. Christianity was viewed as a gracious savior, the means to political authority, and an entry to modern western culture and commerce.
Internalizing Morals and the Active Intervention of a Moral System: Zhu Xi and Yi Hwang’s Theories of kyŏngmul 格物 and mulgyŏk 物格
Authors: Hyoungchan Kim
Published: November 2015

In the Chosŏn dynasty, intellectuals made conscious efforts to attain the ethics and ethical standards promoted by Neo-Confucianism. This was recognized as a requirement for a scholar to gain a position as a leader in society. Zhu Xi’s theory of kyŏngmul ch’iji 格物致知 (the investigation of things and the perfection of knowledge) suggested a method of internalizing morals through conscious effort, while Yi Hwang’s theory of lijado 理自到 ( li approaches by itself) elaborately explained the moment of mastery. These theories also offer guidelines for distinguishing the moments prior to and immediately after mastery. The experience of internalizing ethics means the moment when the division between the mind and moral norms—the boundary between inside and outside of the body—is removed, and the mind of the individual extends beyond the body and experiences unity with universal ethics. Li 理 in Neo-Confucianism is what a person acquires and internalizes as universal norms and principles. One who has internalized li as their own set of ethics establishes Neo-Confucian ethics as a guideline for their behavioral decisions. Interpretations of ethics by political groups or schools of theory in which a person is involved function as a mirror reference point for assessing behavioral decisions. Accepting a theoretical school or political group’s perspective on ethics represents high reliance on and active acceptance and continuous consultation of the ethical standards and system created, diagnosed, and reconstructed by the school or group. In this case, it means that the individual’s mind extends to universal norms and principles through the interpretations of scholarly and political groups.
Understanding Innovation and Policy Transfer: Implications for Libraries and Information Services in Africa
Authors: Lor Peter Johan
Published: November 2015

Library development in Africa has involved large-scale processes of innovation and policy transfer , also referred to as policy borrowing or policy learning . A good deal of theory has been developed in various disciplines to study these processes. This has not been applied in library and information services (LIS) to any significant extent, but it can help us to gain a better understanding of why attempts to transfer new ideas fail, how to select the ideas we want to transfer, and how to improve the chances of successful innovation and policy transfer. This paper places policy transfer within the broader framework of the diffusion of innovations before considering what we can learn from the theory of policy transfer and related processes, with emphasis on theory developed in comparative education. An attempt is made to apply these insights to library development in Africa and draw some lessons for African library decision makers. Some of the examples are drawn from the author’s experience in the South African library profession.
African Librarianship: A Relic, a Fallacy, or an Imperative?
Authors: Tise Ellen R. , Raju Reggie
Published: November 2015

African librarianship has its roots in the colonial era, with colonial powers developing excellent library infrastructure with commensurate services in anticipation of their protracted stay in Africa. However, libraries were alien to African communities, which had a very strong oral tradition and used such a tradition to share information and knowledge. The “un-African” library infrastructure was challenged by some leading African scholars, who argued that there has to be a system of librarianship that delivers on African realities and imperatives. This paper interrogates the need to transform the concept of African librarianship in search of a path that addresses African imperatives; it also examines the need to separate the relic in pursuit of reconceptualization. There is little doubt that there is a need for, at the least, a hybrid—that is, incorporating the best from the colonial era with that which is African, such as the oral tradition—that would result in the transposition of concepts to create a new, relevant, effective, and efficient form of librarianship—namely, librarianship in Africa.
New Imperatives for Librarianship in Africa
Authors: Davis Gavin R.
Published: November 2015

Africa, in colonial times regarded as the “Dark Continent,” faces many challenges, whether infrastructural, cultural, or political. Despite these challenges, countries on the continent cannot afford to be complacent. The digital divide between Africa and the Western world, with its new technological innovations, has been widening. Librarianship as a discipline is invariably affected by this divide. Since having embraced a Western model of librarianship, the question is whether there can be talk of African librarianship, or a librarianship for Africa. This conceptual dilemma is further explored by a discussion of development, the role of the library, training in library and information science (LIS), the relationship between librarianship and information science, and imperatives for the future. While it is acknowledged that new information technologies are important for development, this should not be embraced at the expense of traditional values of librarianship. It is argued that precolonial Africa has had a rich heritage of library scholarship; perhaps a rethink of this is needed, as well as a critical theory in LIS, for an understanding of an African-centered approach to librarianship instead of adopting the Western model, as has been the case for decades. It is therefore imperative to prevent LIS isolationism.
Promoting Open Scholarship in Africa: Benefits and Best Library Practices
Authors: Raju Reggie , Adam Amina , Powell Crystal
Published: November 2015

Knowledge, as a prerequisite for development, is contingent on information. The main value of information is in its ability to be used, reused, and shared. Open access (OA) allows for the easy dissemination and preservation of information by providing all scholarly communication and knowledge at no cost to the end user. In the rapidly expanding, global knowledge-based economy, Africa’s steady progress from the peripheral to the epicenter of knowledge production is not to be ignored, not least because of its reliance on OA. Such access environments and institutional repositories throughout the continent are playing significant roles in maximizing the impact of research output. This paper reveals that OA content is more citable, not simply because of the quality of the output, but instead of the advantage that OA brings in maximizing accessibility and increased citation. It goes on to show that OA will enhance the research community’s existing system for evaluating and rewarding research productivity. Ultimately, OA has the ability to elevate (South) Africa, its universities and institutions, to the status of knowledge producers rather than mere knowledge consumers.
Career Development in African Librarianship
Authors: Sturges Paul
Published: November 2015

African librarians need to embrace enormous changes in technology and in social and economic circumstances during the course of their careers, but the methods that the profession should use to renew itself are not clear. At present the emphasis is on the possession of diplomas and degrees, but there is no special reason to believe that adding a second (master’s) degree to a bachelor’s in LIS appreciably increases the professional expertise of an individual library worker. Furthermore, the PhD (now increasingly sought) is a research degree and of debatable relevance for most kinds of higher library posts. It is argued in this paper that continuing professional development (CPD) is more capable of delivering the necessary new skills and professional orientation. The profession, through its library associations, needs to discuss the problems of career development with policymakers; persuade employers to modify their qualification-based appointment and promotion requirements; and encourage and support professional associations in providing more CPD opportunities.
LIS Education in the Digital Age for an African Agenda
Authors: Raju Jaya
Published: November 2015

To provide an exposé of digital-age library and information science (LIS) education for an African agenda, this paper adopts an emergent qualitative research design by drawing on the literature on LIS education in Africa. It also draws on data gleaned from a survey of heads of schools of LIS in South Africa, and from content analyses of LIS school websites in South Africa and selected parts of the continent. The paper locates its narrative within Abbott’s chaos of disciplines theory and concludes that the LIS discipline’s “interstitial nature,” its “fractal distinctions in time,” and the resulting chaos of disciplines should not be seen as a crisis for LIS education in Africa and globally, but as an opportunity for a paradigm shift to broaden the LIS disciplinary domain and to stake an intellectual claim on this extended domain—and so contribute to the growth and development of LIS services in Africa within the context of an African development agenda.
Ethical Aspects of Doctoral-Research Advising in the Emerging African Information Society
Authors: Mutula Stephen , Majinge Rebecca M.
Published: November 2015

This paper discusses the ethical aspects of doctoral-research advising in the emerging African information society from an African perspective. It addresses the following research questions: What is the status of information ethics in Africa? What theoretical frameworks are available to illuminate the ethical dimension of the emerging African information society? To what extent are ethical aspects of the emerging African information society integrated into doctoral-research advising in library and information science in Africa? What are the roles and obligations of the supervisor and supervisee in doctoral research? How is information and communication technology (ICT) being used to enhance doctoral-research advising? The paper is underpinned by various ethical theoretical models, such as the Trust Model, Hayward Power Relations, classical and contemporary ethical traditions, and game theory. It relies upon a literature survey to address the research problems. Results reveal, among other things, the milestones achieved by African scholars in promoting information ethics through curriculum development and research. However, there is a need for the evolving information society to take cognizance of African cultural contexts. The results also reveal that supervisor–supervisee relationships are constrained. The ethical dimension of the emerging African information society should be infused into the doctoral-research process to improve the relationships of supervisor and supervisee. This should be supported by responsible use of ICT, taking into account the Africa cultural context and African values to facilitate the doctoral-advising process. All these should be buttressed by an enabling policy framework at the institutional level to promote harmony and productivity in doctoral research.
National Libraries in Africa: Refocusing Their Work to Ensure Delivery of Services
Authors: Mulindwa Gertrude Kayaga
Published: November 2015

This paper traces the establishment of African national libraries and the functions with which they are charged. It further discusses the self-examination and evaluation that national libraries, and African librarians in general, have undertaken over the years in a bid to ensure that they provide relevant services to their communities. The effects of the national libraries’ commitment to support their respective countries’ efforts to attain the UN’s Millennium Development Goals by 2015 and their responses to the increasing use of ICTs in all aspects of life are both analyzed. Examples of best practices are given, and the paper concludes with a call to national libraries to look into the future and devise the best ways to provide the supportive role that will help to carry the Sustainable Development Agenda forward beyond 2015.
El teatro escrito en español en la Ciudad de Nueva York: Búsqueda y generación de identidad(es) desde la dramaturgia
Authors: Espinosa Antonio César Morón
Published: November 2015

The theatre written in Spanish in New York City is experiencing a rapid rise due to growth in the use of the Spanish language not only in the city but throughout the country during the past several decades. This surge has led dramatists to find alternative channels through which to express the way that speakers of Spanish feel and see the city, as well as a collective identity through a shared language. This article discusses the theatre scene, focusing on different theatrical companies and spaces and on the various playwrights who offer a unique representation of life, in Spanish, in New York City.
Imponiendo derrotas a triunfos del pasado: Corporizaciones de la memoria y el olvido en Los que van quedando en el camino de Guillermo Calderón 2010
Authors: Hurtado María de la Luz
Published: November 2015

Recent Chilean theatre, insisting on processing collective trauma, has developed procedures that bend canonic dramaturgies through staging in peculiar spaces and embodiments charged with symbolic weight, thus articulating the renewed critical horizon of post-dictatorship generations. This procedure is explored through the deconstruction of the theatrical, performative, and dramatic threads of Guillermo Calderón’s staging in 2010 of Aguirre’s text Los que van quedando en el camino . First staged in 1969 by DETUCH, the play was looked upon as the “right” performance, congruent with the utopic prerevolutionary times of its emergency. This study proposes that Calderón composes his production as an allegory of the personal/historical rub between the always declining and nonetheless persisting personalhistorical urge towards memory, a process he claims is condemned to a catastrophic failure.
El don rechazado: Teatro de tesis, esclavitud y economía moral en Mãe , de José de Alencar
Authors: González Betina
Published: November 2015

This article offers an analysis of Mãe (1860), one of the “anti-slavery” plays by José de Alencar, in relation to the author’s parliamentary discourses in favor of the gradual emancipation of slaves and to its specific social and literary contexts. The latter include the debate surrounding the reforming role of art in 19th-century Brazil, a debate in which Mãe is seen in a different analytical light. Departing from previous allegorical readings, this study argues that Mãe , due to its realist dialogue and scenes and use of “problem play” conventions, exhibits the contradictions of the Brazilian elite’s dominant ideology, and, more importantly, makes evident the intertwined network of commercial and moral transactions upon which the social bonds of favor and honor are built in early Rio society.
Vacío de Carmen Boullosa y Sylvia Plath: Performatividad, textualidad y adaptación
Authors: Luiselli Alessandra
Published: November 2015

This article analyses Vacío , an unusual play that Mexican dramatist Carmen Boullosa created in collaboration with Julio Castillo and Jesusa Rodríguez while rehearsals of “Three Women,” a dramatic poem by Sylvia Plath, were taking place on the stage. The play is studied within the context of such binaries as authorship versus adaptation, performance versus textuality, and repertory versus archive. The author also focuses on the dark and emotional content of this collaborative play, particularly the feelings of an extremely tormented maternal desire experimented by Plath at the time of her suicide.
Pierre Bourdieu and Pragmatist Aesthetics: Between Practice and Experience
Authors: Shusterman Richard
Published: November 2015

After tracing Bourdieu’s ambiguous role in pragmatism’s recent reception in France and then outlining the many themes Bourdieu shares with pragmatism, this paper highlights the differences between pragmatist aesthetics and Bourdieu’s aesthetic theory. Critically responding to Bourdieu’s arguments against pragmatist aesthetics for its interest in activist theory and its defense of popular art and aesthetic experience, the paper examines the limits of Bourdieu’s account of aesthetics as a science of art, including his final analysis of art as practice that is articulated in his posthumously published book on Monet.