bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION AND MODELING OF CHIMARRITA AND ERAGIL PEACHES DEHYDRATED BY DIFFERENT DRYING PROCESSES
Authors: Balke Marlova , Sherer Glaciela Cristina , Steffens Clarice , Weschenfelder Thiago André , Steffens Juliana , Soares Mónica Beatriz Alvarado , Soares Alexandre Batista de Jesus
Published: January 2020

As cultivares Chimarrita e Eragil destacam-se em produtividade frutífera, com alta qualidade de sabor, tamanho e valor nutricional. No entanto, devido à perecibilidade e sazonalidade, é necessário o desenvolvimento de métodos de conservação, entre os quais a desidratação pode ser usada para aumentar o prazo de validade da fruta, além de agregar valor aos pêssegos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desidratar as cultivares de pêssego Chimarrita e Eragil por forno convencional, desidratação osmótica seguida de de forno e liofilização, verificar pH, sólidos solúveis, atividade de água e umidade e ajustar modelos matemáticos à cinética de secagem dos pêssegos nesses diferentes processos de secagem. Os modelos utilizados para ajustar as curvas cinéticas de secagem foram Lewis, Page e Silva. A cinética de secagem dos pêssegos foi seguida de pesagem das amostras até peso constante. Diferenças significativas (p <0,05) foram encontradas entre os processos de secagem e entre os parâmetros avaliados. Entre os modelos estudados, o modelo Silva obteve o melhor ajuste para todas as curvas cinéticas dos diferentes processos de secagem, corroboradas por seus indicadores estatísticos. Foi possível concluir que os modelos de Page e Silva descrevem satisfatoriamente as curvas de secagem, com resultados que podem ser considerados equivalentes.
Análise comparativa da redução da área de geração de energia fotovoltaica proporcionada por módulos bifaciais
Authors: Aguiar Coelho Guilherme , Miotto José Luiz
Published: January 2020

A ampla utilização de fontes energéticas poluidoras, para suprir a crescente demanda, acaba impactando diretamente o meio ambiente. O setor conta agora com alternativas renováveis, como é o caso da energia solar. O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar uma possível solução para geração de energia em espaços restritos, como é o caso de edifícios com mais de oito pavimentos, onde a demanda de energia é elevada em relação à área disponível para produção. Apresenta-se um estudo comparativo entre sistemas fotovoltaicos convencionais e sistemas com módulos bifaciais. Os resultados deste estudo indicam haver um aumento real da eficiência de geração, uma vez que o módulo bifacial utiliza da irradiação solar incidente, assim como da radiação solar refletida pela atmosfera para gerar uma quantidade maior de energia. Apesar de seu custo elevado, os módulos bifaciais constituem-se em uma alternativa viável, pois geram até 30% a mais de energia por metro quadrado quando comparado ao sistema convencional. No caso avaliado neste trabalho, a opção pela utilização dos módulos bifaciais representou uma redução de 31,9% na área de geração, quando comparada à área necessária para os módulos convencionais.
Classification of Voice Content in the Context of Public Radio Broadcasting
Authors: Karunarathna G. A. G .S. , Jayaratne K. L. , Gunawardana P. V. K. G.
Published: January 2020

With the rapid development of mass media technology, content classification of radio broadcasting has emerged as a major research area facilitating the automation of radio broadcasting monitoring process. This research focuses on the voice dominant content classification of radio broadcasting by employing a multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) in order to automate monitoring of radio broadcasting in Sri Lanka. This study investigates the performance of “One Vs. One” and “One Vs. All” methods known to be two conventional ways to build a multi-class SVM. These two multi-class SVM models are trained to classify five voice dominant classes as news, conversations, and advertisements without jingles, radio drama and religious programs. One of the substantial measures in creating such a classification is selection of the optimal feature sets. For that purpose, time domain features, frequency domain features, cepstral features, and chroma features are manually analyzed for each binary SVM classifier independently. Two multi-class SVM models are trained based on the selected features and the “One Vs. One” model was able to better classify the recordings with an 85% accuracy compared to 83% accuracy achieved by “One Vs. All” model. Further, the results revealed the importance of careful feature selection in order to achieve higher classification accuracies.
FRIEDRICH SPEE E LA PRESUNZIONE Dâ€™INNOCENZA
Authors: Pisani Mario
Published: January 2020

In his famous Cautio Criminalis, published for the first time in 1631, Jesuit Father Fiedrich Spee seems to have anticipated, a century and a half before the French Revolution , the idea of Presumption of Innocence. The Author deals with it below two profiles: with reference to the victim of trials based on illicit evidences and to the so called elision of the clues to be assessed for the application of torture. Father Spee will be reported as one of the most significant figures for the abolition of the torture.
DANNO AMBIENTALI E Â«RIMEDI DI DIRITTO CIVILEÂ»: VERSO IL SUPERAMENTO DELLA COMPENSAZIONE Â«PER EQUIVALENTEÂ»?
Authors: D'Adda Alessandro
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the role of the restitutio in integrum in case of environmental damage and the residual room for the monetary compensation in this field.
1968: IL TEATRO DELLE LIBERTÃ€
Authors: Andreoli Vittorino
Published: January 2020

1968 can be considered as an episode concluded within a short period of time or as the beginning of a historical path characterised by many events that lead to the â€œyears of terrorismâ€ (â€œanni di piomboâ€). After analysing the difference between transgressive, oppositional and rebellious behaviours that fall within the modes of being â€œagainstâ€, which represents the key to characterising the episodes of â€˜68, the author comes to the conclusion that it was a period of mass transgression which tended to be attractive because it was prohibited. A theatre scenario, from a representation around the desire for a misinterpreted freedom, since freedom is never absolute, but it is always freedom from something and within rules that transgression instead aims to violate. The dimension of the theatre thus expresses an action that does not change history but simply seems to do so, without therefore producing any positive and lasting results and indeed being able to take monstrous forms, as has happened.
Recent changes in the Malawi Health System: A time for reflection
Authors: Muula Adamson S
Published: January 2020

In this editorial I intend to present a summary of the key issues which have happened in the health sector in Malawi up to the end of 2019. I do believe doing so not only preserves the record but also encourages discussion and debate that may impact the health sector.
The use of molecular technology to investigate trypanosome infections in tsetse flies at Liwonde Wild Life Reserve
Authors: Nayupe Symon F.
Published: January 2020

BackgroundTrypanosomes are protozoan flagellates that cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT). HAT is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in East and Central Africa and T.b. gambiense in West Africa, whereas AAT is caused by a number of trypanosome species, including T. brucei brucei, T. evansi, T. vivax, T. congolense, T. godfreyi and T. simiae. The aim of this study was to establish if tsetse flies at Liwonde Wild Life Reserve (LWLR) are infected with these trypanosomes and thus pose a risk to both humans and animals within and surrounding the LWLR. MethodsA total of 150 tsetse flies were caught. Of these, 82 remained alive after capture and were dissected such that the mid-gut could be examined microscopically for trypanosomes. DNA extractions were performed from both mid-guts and the 68 dead flies using a Qiagen Kit. Amplification techniques involved the Internal Transcriber Spacer 1 (ITS 1) conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers designed to identify trypanosome species, and Repetitive Insertion Mobile Element – Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RIME LAMP), a sequence specific to T. brucei.ResultsAnalysis showed that 79/82 (96.3%) of the mid-guts examined microscopically were positive for trypanosomes and that 75/150 (50%) of the DNA extracts (from the mid-gut, and tsetse fly carcasses) were positive for T. brucei, as determined by the RIME LAMP method. ITS1 PCR further showed that 87/150 (58.0%) flies were positive for trypanosomes, of which 56/87 (64.4%) were T. brucei, 9/87 (10.3%) were T. vivax; 7/87 (8.1%) were T. simiae; 6/87 (6.9%) were T. congolense, and 6/87 (6.9%) were T. godfreyi. Ten samples had a mixture of infections. ConclusionOur analysis demonstrated a mixture of infections from trypanosome species in tsetse flies at LWLR, and that T. brucei, the species that causes HAT, was the most common. Our study successfully used molecular techniques to demonstrate the presence of T. b. rhodesiense at LWLR, a species that causes HAT in both East and Central Africa.
Emergency urethroplasty for penile urethral injury in a case of blunt trauma of the penis: challenges and dilemmas during management
Authors: Kalra Sidhartha
Published: January 2020

Penile urethral injury may be associated with cavernosal rupture due to distractive force during coitus. Non-coital penile injury due to direct blow to the penis causing penile urethral and cavernosal rupture is rare. Definite management of urethral injury in such cases can be deferred as extent of devitalised tissue can be deceptive in acute conditions.
Caracterización hidráulica del riego por goteo en campo
Authors: Chamba D. , Zubelzu S. , Juana L.
Published: January 2020

Se analizan y proponen métodos de evaluación para determinar en campo la ecuación en gasto del emisor, las pérdidas de carga en ramales y porta-ramal y la uniformidad de distribución. Se han ensayado con ocho ramales y una unidad en campo a diferentes presiones. Los resultados muestran que es posible determinar la curva de gasto y coeficiente de variación de manufactura con una precisión similar a la del método normalizado, pudiendo ser más representativa en la instalación real. En cuanto a la caracterización de pérdidas, la longitud equivalente presentó valores más independientes del caudal que el coeficiente K que multiplica al sumando cinético. En unidades, y ramales, es posible observar el efecto de la presión de entrada en la uniformidad y, así, seleccionarla considerando también el coste de energía. Se concluye que los métodos propuestos permiten caracterizar la respuesta hidráulica de ramales, porta-ramales y del riego de la unidad.
Herramientas gráficas de diseño para determinar la pendiente mínima de autolimpieza en tuberías de alcantarillado sanitario de pequeño diámetro
Authors: Castro Carrera F. , La Motta E.J.
Published: January 2020

Este artículo presenta herramientas gráficas para diseño de tuberías de alcantarillado sanitario con autolimpieza por tensión de corte, para diámetros entre 100 y 400 mm, usando dos diferentes criterios: primero, considerando la suposición que con el caudal mínimo se desarrollará un esfuerzo cortante igual al generado por la tubería llena a una velocidad de 0.6, 0.7 y 0.8 m/s, y segundo, usando tensiones de corte mínimas de 0.867, 1.4 y 2 N/m2. Estas herramientas consisten en curvas para determinar la pendiente de autolimpieza, la profundidad relativa, el caudal máximo que puede ser transportado con una profundidad relativa de 0.8D, y las velocidades para flujo lleno y parcialmente lleno para un caudal mínimo dado. También se incluyen ecuaciones para determinar tanto un valor aproximado de la pendiente de autolimpieza, como la pendiente exacta. Se consideró un coeficiente de rugosidad de Manning constante de 0.009 s/m1/3, correspondiente a tuberías nuevas de PVC.
O desenvolvimento da habilidade oral através do uso de tecnologias digitais: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Soares Marjorie Menezes , Carvalho Sâmia Alves
Published: January 2020

The present article consists of a qualitative, descriptive-interpretative  systematic review, whose objectives are (1) to present which teaching-learning approaches are most used in the development of oral skills through digital technologies; (2) investigate which tools are the most used to develop oral skills in digital environment; (3) what aspects of orality are being the most studied and (4) what possibilities and restrictions are indicated. We analyzed 56 papers, among articles, dissertations and thesis collected from three databases. The implications of this work also point to research gaps in the area, such as the absence of studies on critical perspectives in the work with technology and orality, and the lack of research that deals with the question of orality via ICT in the initial and continuing training of LE teachers.
Prevalence and clinical association of the presence of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Mahakkanukrauh Ajanee , Suwannaroj Siraphop , Nanagara Ratanavadee , Foocharoen Chingching
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) has been reported in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Some clinical features of SSc can also be presented with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Objectives were to determine the prevalence and clinical associations with ANCA among Thais with SSc.

Material and methods

A cross-sectional study of Thai adult SSc patients was conducted. According to the sample size calculation, 185 patients were included. Clinical and laboratory tests for serology and others for evaluation of the clinical association with ANCA were done simultaneously on the study date.

Results

The female to male ratio was 2 : 1. The majority had the diffuse SSc subset (71.2%). The respective prevalence of having a) at least 1 serological test for ANCA (viz., perinuclear ANCA, cytoplasmic ANCA, anti-myeloperoxidase, or anti-proteinase3), b) positive for either p-ANCA or c-ANCA, c) positive for either anti-MPO or anti-PR3, d) p-ANCA and anti-MPO and e) c-ANCA and anti-PR3 was 21.6% (95% CI: 15.9–28.3), 11.9% (95% CI: 7.6–17.4) and 13.0% (95% CI: 8.5–18.7) and 1% (95% CI: 0.1–3.9). By multivariate analysis, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevation was significantly associated with the presence of the antibody (OR = 11.36, 95% CI: 1.44–83.65), while elevation of high sensitivity cardiac troponin-T (hs-cTnT) was significantly associated with the presence of either p-ANCA or c-ANCA (OR = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.41–15.34). None of the patients had clinical features of systemic vasculitis.

Conclusions

Around one-fifth of SSc patients have detectible ANCA without any features of vasculitis. The presence of ANCA is associated with inflammation and myocardial injury. ANCA is not antibody specific for vasculitis in SSc.
Quality of life of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy – a major cause of vision threat among middle-aged individuals
Authors: Karska-Basta Izabella , Pociej-Marciak Weronika , Chrząszcz Michał , Żuber-Łaskawiec Katarzyna , Sanak Marek , Romanowska-Dixon Bożena
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) was designed to measure the vision-related quality of life (QoL). We aimed to assess the effect of disease duration, disease type (i.e., acute vs. chronic and unilateral vs. bilateral), and selected sociodemographic data on the QoL of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Material and methods

The study included 79 patients diagnosed with CSC. The QoL was assessed using the NEI VFQ-25. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.

Results

A significant positive correlation was found between deterioration in peripheral vision as assessed by the NEI VFQ-25 and duration of CSC (r = –0.22, p = 0.046). Compared with women, men obtained higher scores on the scales assessing general health, mental health, ocular pain and role limitations (p = 0.018, p = 0.027, p = 0.009 and p = 0.007, respectively). Patients with acute CSC reported higher levels of social functioning as compared with those with chronic CSC (p = 0.04). There were no differences in any of the scales between patients with unilateral and bilateral CSC. Elderly patients obtained lower scores on 9 of the 12 analyzed scales, as compared with younger patients (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with CSC do not assess their QoL in negative terms, which may be related to the fact that the disease presents with transient symptoms. However, the QoL deteriorated with longer disease duration. Men with CSC have better vision-related QoL than women.
The impact of weather pattern and related transport processes on aviation's contribution to ozone and methane concentrations from NOx emissions
Authors: Rosanka Simon , Frömming Christine , Grewe Volker
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Aviation attributed climate impact depends on a combination of composition changes in trace gases due to emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and non-CO2 species. Nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions lead to an increase in ozone (O3) and a depletion of methane (CH4), whereas water vapour (H2O) can additionally lead to the formation of persistent contrails. In comparison to CO2, non-CO2 contributions to the atmospheric composition are short lived and are thus characterised by a high spatial and temporal variability. In this study, we investigate the influence of weather pattern and their related transport processes on composition changes caused by aviation attributed NOx emissions, by using the atmospheric chemistry model EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy). Representative weather situations are simulated in which unit NOx emissions are initialised in specific air parcels at typical flight altitudes over the North Atlantic flight sector. By explicitly calculating composition changes induced by these emissions, interactions between trace gas composition changes and weather conditions along the trajectory of each air parcel are investigated. The resulting climate impact from NOx via changes of O3 mainly depends on the magnitude of the maximum induced composition change. In general, the earlier the maximum O3 change occurs the larger the total O3 change and therefore the resulting climate impact. In this study we show that subsidence in high pressure systems leads to an earlier O3 maximum and that the maximum O3 change is limited by atmospheric NOx and HO2 during summer and winter, respectively. The resulting climate impact due to composition changes of CH4 depends only on the magnitude of the induced depletion of CH4, where a larger depletion of CH4 leads to a larger cooling effect. We show that a large CH4 depletion is only possible if a strong formation of O3 occurs and if large atmospheric H2O concentrations are present. Only air parcels which are transported into tropical areas, due to high pressure systems, experience high concentrations of H2O and thus a large CH4 depletion. Re-routing flight trajectories based on the experimental setup used in this study is currently too computationally expensive. This work demonstrates that transport processes are of most interest when identifying the climate impact from aviation NOx emissions. The insights gained in this study suggest an approach to re-route flights in the future, by performing less computationally expensive purely dynamic simulations.
A GPS water vapour tomography method based on a genetic algorithm
Authors: Yang Fei , Guo Jiming , Shi Junbo , Meng Xiaolin , Zhao Yinzhi , Zhou Lv , Zhang Di
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Water vapour is an important substituent of the atmosphere
but its spatial and temporal distribution is difficult to detect. Global
Positioning System (GPS) water vapour tomography, which can sense
three-dimensional water vapour distribution, has been developed as a research
area in the field of GPS meteorology. In this paper, a new water vapour
tomography method based on a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to overcome
the ill-conditioned problem. The proposed approach does not need to perform
matrix inversion, and it does not rely on excessive constraints, a priori
information or external data. Experiments in Hong Kong under rainy and
rainless conditions using this approach show that there is a serious ill-conditioned
problem in the tomographic matrix by grayscale and condition numbers.
Numerical results show that the average root mean square error (RMSE) and
mean absolute error (MAE) for internal and external accuracy are 1.52∕0.94 and 10.07∕8.44 mm, respectively, with the GAMIT-estimated slant water
vapour (SWV) as a reference. Comparative results of water vapour density (WVD)
derived from radiosonde data reveal that the tomographic results based on GA
with a total RMSE ∕ MAE of 1.43∕1.19 mm are in good agreement with that of
radiosonde measurements. In comparison to the traditional least squares
method, the GA can achieve a reliable tomographic result with high accuracy
without the restrictions mentioned above. Furthermore, the tomographic
results in a rainless scenario are better than those of a rainy scenario,
and the reasons are discussed in detail in this paper.
Magnetometer in-flight offset accuracy for the BepiColombo spacecraft
Authors: Schmid Daniel , Plaschke Ferdinand , Heyner Daniel , Mieth Johannes Z. D. , Anderson Brian J. , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Volwerk Martin , Matsuoka Ayako , Narita Yasuhito
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Recently the two-spacecraft mission BepiColombo launched to explore the plasma and magnetic field environment of Mercury. Both spacecraft, the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO, also referred to as Mio), are equipped with fluxgate magnetometers, which have proven to be well-suited to measure the magnetic field in space with high precisions. Nevertheless, accurate magnetic field measurements require proper in-flight calibration. In particular the magnetometer offset, which relates relative fluxgate readings into an absolute value, needs to be determined with high accuracy. Usually, the offsets are evaluated from observations of Alfvénic fluctuations in the pristine solar wind, if those are available. While Mio's orbit will indeed partially reside in the solar wind, MPO will remain within the magnetosphere at most times during the main mission phase. Therefore, we examine an alternative offset determination method, based on the observation of highly compressional fluctuations, the so-called mirror mode technique. To evaluate the method performance in the Hermean environment, we analyze four years of MESSENGER magnetometer data, which are calibrated by the Alfvénic fluctuation method, and compare it with the accuracy and error of the offsets determined by the mirror mode method in different plasma environments around Mercury. We show that the mirror mode method yields the same offset estimates and thereby confirms its applicability. Furthermore, we evaluate the spacecraft observation time within different regions necessary to obtain reliable offset estimates. Although the lowest percentage of strong compressional fluctuations are observed in the solar wind, this region is most suitable for an accurate offset determination with the mirror mode method. 132 hours of solar wind data are sufficient to determine the offset to within 0.5 nT, while thousands of hours are necessary to reach this accuracy in the magnetosheath or within the magnetosphere. We conclude that in the solar wind the mirror mode method might be a good complementary approach to the Alfvénic fluctuation method to determine the (spin-axis) offset of the Mio magnetometer. However, although the mirror mode method requires considerably more data within the magnetosphere, it might also be for the MPO magnetometer one of the most valuable tools to determine the offsets accurately.
Evidence for preferential protein depolymerization in wetland soils in response to external nitrogen availability provided by a novel FTIR routine
Authors: Reuter Hendrik , Gensel Julia , Elvert Marcus , Zak Dominik
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Phragmites australis litters were incubated in three waterlogged anoxic wetland soils of different nutrient status for 75 d, and litter nitrogen (N) dynamics were analyzed by elemental analyses and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At the end of the incubation time, the N content in the remaining litter tissue had increased in most samples. Yet, the increase in N content was less pronounced when litters had been decomposed in a more-N-poor environment. FTIR was used to quantify the relative content of proteins in litter tissue and revealed a highly linear relationship between bulk N content and protein content. Changes in bulk N content thus paralleled and probably were governed by changes in litter protein content. Such changes are the result of two competing processes within decomposing litter: enzymatic protein depolymerization as a part of the litter breakdown process and microbial protein synthesis as a part of microbial biomass growth within the litter. Assuming microbial homeostasis, DNA signals in FTIR spectra were used to calculate the amount of microbial N in decomposed litter which ranged from 14 % to 42 % of the total litter N for all leaf samples. Microbial carbon (C) content and resultant calculated carbon use efficiencies (CUEs) indicate that microbial N in litter accumulated according to predictions of the stoichiometric decomposition theory. Subtracting microbial C and N contributions from litter, however, revealed site-dependent variations in the percentual amount of the remaining still-unprocessed plant N in litter compared to remaining plant C, an indicator for preferential protein depolymerization. For all leaf litters, the coefficient of preferential protein depolymerization (α), which relates N-compound depolymerization to C-compound depolymerization, ranged from 0.74–0.88 in a nutrient-rich detritus mud to 1.38–1.82 in Sphagnum peat, the most nutrient-poor substrate in this experiment. Preferential protein depolymerization from litter decomposing in Sphagnum peat leads to a gradual N depletion in the early phase of litter decomposition, which we propose as a preservation mechanism for vascular litter in Sphagnum peatlands.
Are contributions of emissions to ozone a matter of scale? – a study using MECO(n) (MESSy v2.50)
Authors: Mertens Mariano , Kerkweg Astrid , Grewe Volker , Jöckel Patrick , Sausen Robert
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Anthropogenic and natural emissions influence the tropospheric ozone budget, thereby affecting air quality and climate. To study the influence of different emission sources on the ozone budget, often source apportionment studies with a tagged tracer approach are performed. Studies investigating air quality issues usually rely on regional models with a fine spatial resolution, while studies focusing on climate-related questions often use coarsely resolved global models. It is well known that simulated ozone mixing ratios depend on the resolution of the model and the resolution of the emission inventory. Whether the contributions simulated using source apportionment approaches also depend on the model resolution, however, is still unclear. Therefore, this study attempts for the first time to analyse the impact of the model, the model resolution, and the emission inventory resolution on simulated ozone contributions using a diagnostic tagging method. The differences in the ozone contributions caused by these factors are compared with differences that arise from the usage of different emission inventories.
To do so, we apply the MECO(n) (MESSy-fied ECHAM and COSMO models nested n times) model system which couples online a global chemistry-climate model with a regional chemistry-climate model equipped with a tagging scheme for source apportionment. The results of the global model (at 300 km horizontal resolution) are compared with the results of the regional model at 50 km (Europe) and 12 km (Germany) resolutions.
Besides model-specific differences and biases that are discussed in detail, our results have important implications for other modelling studies and modellers applying source apportionment methods. First, contributions from anthropogenic emissions averaged over the continental scale are quite robust with respect to the model, model resolution, and emission inventory resolution. Second, differences on the regional scale caused by different models and model resolutions can be quite large, and regional models are indispensable for source apportionment studies on the subcontinental scale. Third, contributions from stratospheric ozone transported to the surface differ strongly between the models, mainly caused by differences in the efficiency of the vertical mixing. As stratospheric ozone plays an important role for ground level ozone, but the models show large differences in the amount of downward transported ozone, source apportionment methods should account for this source explicitly to better understand inter-model differences.
Relating regional and point measurements of accumulation in southwest Greenland
Authors: Heilig Achim , Eisen Olaf , Schneebeli Martin , MacFerrin Michael , Stevens C. Max , Vandecrux Baptiste , Steffen Konrad
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In recent decades, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has frequently experienced record melt events, which have significantly affected surface mass balance (SMB) and estimates thereof. SMB data are derived from remote sensing, regional climate models (RCMs), firn cores and automatic weather stations (AWSs). While remote sensing and RCMs cover regional scales with extents ranging from 1 to 10 km, AWS data and firn cores are point observations. To link regional scales with point measurements, we investigate the spatial variability of snow accumulation (bs) within areas of approximately 1–4 km2 and its temporal changes within 2 years of measurements. At three different sites on the southwestern GrIS (Swiss Camp, KAN-U, DYE-2), we performed extensive ground-penetrating radar (GPR) transects and recorded multiple snow pits. If the density is known and the snowpack dry, radar-measured two-way travel time can be converted to snow depth and bs. We spatially filtered GPR transect data to remove small-scale noise related to surface characteristics. The combined uncertainty of bs from density variations and spatial filtering of radar transects is at 7 %–8 % per regional scale of 1–4 km2. Snow accumulation from a randomly selected snow pit is very likely representative of the regional scale of 1–4 km2 (with probability p=0.8 for a value within 10 % of the regional mean for KAN-U, and p>0.95 for Swiss Camp and DYE-2). However, to achieve such high representativeness of snow pits, it is required to determine the average snow depth within the vicinity of the pits. At DYE-2, the spatial pattern of snow accumulation was very similar for 2 consecutive years. Using target reflectors placed at respective end-of-summer-melt horizons, we additionally investigated the occurrences of lateral redistribution within one melt season. We found no evidence of lateral flow of meltwater in the current climate at DYE-2. Such studies of spatial representativeness and temporal changes in accumulation are necessary to assess uncertainties of the linkages of point measurements and regional-scale data, which are used for validation and calibration of remote-sensing data and RCM outputs.
Exploring Technology Integration in Canadian Athletic Therapy Education
Authors: King Colin , MacKinnon Gregory
Published: January 2020

There are many potential educational goals for using digital technologies in health professional education programs. Previous studies have suggested that technology can be used in these settings to facilitate knowledge acquisition, improve clinical decision making, improve psychomotor skill coordination, and practice rare or critical scenarios. However, when using technology for educational purposes, many educators do not consider the resulting pedagogical implications of using these tools to teach course content. The purpose of this study was to explore this phenomenon in a sample of athletic therapy educators, by investigating their views and attitudes towards using digital technologies in athletic therapy specific courses. Researchers used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach (via questionnaire and individual interviews) to explore this topic. It was found that the majority of athletic therapy educators in this sample (n = 21) did not in fact consider the pedagogical implications of technology integration and moreover used technology in rudimentary fashions (e.g., to deliver course content or to provide additional context to explain a topic). Conversely, those educators with higher levels of pedagogical and technological knowledge appeared to use technology in more constructive ways while considering the pedagogical impact of their technology integration decisions. Although this study focused on athletic therapy education, the findings are not unique to this discipline. Carefully designed, pedagogically-sound technologies have very specific and useful ways of empowering learning and have the potential to achieve many educational goals for any educator.
Investigating the Alignment of Intended, Enacted, and Perceived Learning Outcomes in an Authentic Research-Based Science Program
Authors: Labouta Hagar I. , Kenny Natasha A. , Dyjur Patti , Li Rui , Anikovskiy Max , Reid Leslie F. , Cramb David T.
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the intended, enacted, and perceived curriculum in an authentic research-based science program using curriculum mapping as a tool for analysis. The main research inquiry guiding this study is: How do the students’ perceptions on their achieved learning outcomes in an authentic research-based learning environment align with the intended and enacted outcomes? A mixed method approach was adopted, where the program and its core-courses were mapped from different perspectives. Data on the learning outcomes and perceptions of students learning were collected through questionnaires, focus groups, and interviews from multiple perspectives. Results of the curriculum mapping showed consistency and cogency of program and course-level learning outcomes. Students’ perceptions of their authentic research experiences were well-aligned with the intended and enacted learning outcomes. The results of this study could be used to help other programs implement similar curriculum review approaches in their context.
Discriminación, fiabilidad y validez de una escala factorial de la felicidad con estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Gutiérrez Mendoza Silguian Yamillett , Guillén Romero Heidi Maricel , Taisigüe Álvaro José , Blandón Jirón Consuelo Lizeth , Herrera Sile Sorayda Del Carmen
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo relata el análisis de la escala factorial de la felicidad, constituida por 27 ítems de tipo Likert con cinco alternativas. La escala se administró a 237 estudiantes de la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense-Recinto Universitario Las Minas, hombres y mujeres de 16 a más de 36 años. El análisis ítem-test encontró correlaciones altamente significativas para cada uno de los reactivos (p<,001), lo que indica que los ítems miden indicadores de un mismo constructo. La mayoría de los ítems presentan un índice de discriminación de ≥ 0,4, lo que indica que discriminan positivamente en grado alto, es decir, se precisan y entienden bien para la mayoría. La escala de fiabilidad presenta, una elevada consistencia interna α = 0,895 lo que significa que pueden ser interpretados en el sentido que todos los ítems miden indicadores del mismo constructo (la felicidad) y que favorecen con eficacia a medirlo, puesto que poseen o son parte en gran medida del rasgo principal, la fe- licidad. Así mismo, se muestra una relación directa entre las variables asociadas a la felicidad (r > 0), pero además existe una alta correlación con significación en el nivel 0,01. La escala de felicidad posee buena validez factorial. Se extrajeron siete factores: F1. con 9 ítems; F2. con 10 ítems; F3 tiene 5 elementos, los factores 4,5 y 6 respectivamente solamente un ítem y el factor 7, no presenta cargas factoriales exclusivas más bien cuenta con cargas significativas (mayores 0,24) de los ítems I17 y I15, ítems que respectivamente están ubicados y establecidos en los primeros factores debido a que convergen mejor en ellos. Las cargas factoriales de cada variable, en cada uno de los factores, oscilan entre 0,236 y 0,791.
Validación de una escala para medir la felicidad: un análisis factorial confirmatorio con estudiantes universitarios multiculturales
Authors: Flores López William Oswaldo
Published: January 2020

La felicidad es un estado afectivo de satisfacción plena que experimenta subjetivamente el individuo en posición de un bien anhelado, sin embargo, definir la felicidad, valorarla, medirla o cuantificarla es complicado. Por ello, en este trabajo se presenta la validación de una escala para medir la felicidad. Se ha administrado a 237 estudiantes universitarios procedentes de los pueblos indígenas Miskitos, Indígenas Mayangnas, Creole (Afrodescendientes) y mestizos de las comunidades de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense. Los resultados muestran buenos ajustes y propiedades psicométricas. La realización de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales ha evaluado la concurrencia y relación de dos dimensiones relacionado con el fenómeno de la felicidad, encontrando la asociación entre la satisfacción y alegría de vivir; así mismo, la pertinencia de la sub escala sentido positivo de la vida. Estos resultados muestran la idoneidad de ambas sub escalas para evaluar de forma conjunto la felicidad, dada su importante relación y similitud, lo que los convierten en buenas herramientas para las intervenciones psicoeducativas en contextos multiculturales.
Analysis on the Innovative Business Model of Entrepreneurial Short Video Platform in China
Authors: Jiang Ling , Zhang Haiyue
Published: January 2020

In many short video platforms around the world using MCN mode as the main expansion of the video distribution, ranging from the Tik Tok, Youtube to other, “Yitiao" is completely with the PGC mode. The production content, the positioning of the audience as the middle class, the launching of original short videos, and the unique aesthetic content and accurate audience positioning, have revolutionalized the short video industry. With the use of innovative business model, “Yitiao” brings the content and interconnected new media features into the commercial e-commerce field, and combines innovation with offline cultural output. The problems arising from this, such as the lack of strong technical support, and the commercialized and countered core content are not negligible, and they may affect the vitality of monetizing content e-commerce.
Cómo medir la congruencia comparando tres medidas en América Central
Authors: España-Nájera: Annabella , Martínez Rosón María del Mar
Published: January 2020

La literatura reciente sobre congruencia se ha centrado en el desarrollo de indicadores que mejoren su medición. En este artículo metodológico contribuimos a esta literatura comparando las fortalezas y limitaciones de tres de estas nuevas medidas —Golder y Stramski (2010), Lupu et al. (2017) y nuestra medida— así como sus resultados una vez que se aplican a los casos de América Central para medir la congruencia ideológica y en políticas públicas. Estos casos son adecuados para la comparación, ya que las preferencias de los ciudadanos y de los representantes no siguen una distribución normal. La comparación evidencia las implicaciones que tienen las elecciones metodológicas en el estudio de la congruencia y la representación, así como la necesidad de desarrollar discusiones metodológicas más sólidas en esta literatura.
One-Day-Shock, Two-Days-Shock and Three-Days-Shocks foF2 Diurnal Variation with Solar Cycle Phases at Ouagadougou Station from 1966 to 1998. Comparison with IRI 2012 Predictions
Authors: SEGDA Abdoul-kader , GNABAHOU Doua Allain , OUATTARA Frédéric
Published: January 2020

The present work concerns foF2 time variation at Ouagadougou station for three solar cycles (from cycle 20 to cycle 22). We not only investigate solar cycle phase dependence under shock activity that is divided into one-shock-activity, two-shock-activity and three-shock-activity but also compare the IRI 2012 model values with the data carried out at Ouagadougou station. This study reveals that there is no one-day-shock during solar minimum phase. For the other solar cycle phases IRI 2012 reproduces the ionosphere electrodynamics at daytime except during the increasing phase. During night time the model is not suitable. The best subroutine under one-day-shock activity is URSI for increasing and decreasing phases. During the maximum phase it is CCIR. For two-days-shock activity IRI 2012 reproduces the ionosphere electrodynamics during the minimum and the increasing phases. The best subroutine is CCIR during the minimum phase and URSI for the other solar cycle phases. For three-days-shock activity IRI 2012 is not suitable. The best model is URSI for all solar cycle phases.
Synchronous, Nonsynchronous and Negative Rotations: How Spin and Gravity Orchestrate Planetary Motions
Authors: Raghuprasad Puthalath Koroth
Published: January 2020

This study identifies the unique features accompanying the phenomenon of synchronous rotation of the major (proximal) satellites of the gas giants and the earth’s moon, and the special features leading to the ‘negative’ rotation of Venus, Uranus and Pluto, as well as the most peripheral small satellites of the gas giants. Such features help us understand how these phenomena occur but also, by combining all of the observations help explain other (regular) planetary motions as well. In the synchronously rotating satellites, the salient features are the satellites’ low axial tilts and both the orbital speed and the axial rotation speed increasing with proximity to the mother body. In “negative” rotation, axial tilts are in excess of 120° and the axial rotation speeds are significantly delayed; this delay is most pronounced in Venus, which has an axial tilt of -174°. A scrutiny of the orbital parameters of all the satellites of the gas giants alone will yield sufficient data to propose a working hypothesis of how mutual gravitation, combined with spin (axial rotation and orbital motion), the distance from the mother, and centrifugal force can explain all motions. It confirms our belief that the process of planetary motions is a continuum from the synchronous, through degrees of non-synchronicity (or regular orbits), to the negative rotations, all depending on the degree of influence from mother bodies, as a product of distances from them. Thus, the nearest large satellites with the least axial tilts display synchronous rotation. Those satellites that are intermediate in distance from the mother show nonsynchronous axial rotation and correspondingly slower orbital speeds. The small peripheral satellites display axial tilts over 120 degrees and rotate negatively. In all these orbital motions, centrifugal force is the crucial restraining influence; lest, the orbiting bodies will tend to fall into the mother bodies. How all these pieces of the puzzle fit together in the orderly movements of bodies in the universe is the underlying theme of this article.
Comparison Between Atlas in Xinjiang of China and Patola in Gujarat of India
Authors: An Weizhu , Dhingra Sudha , Zhao Feng
Published: January 2020

Ikat is an ancient technique by which colored patterns are formed by tying and dyeing threads before they are woven. Ikat is an ancient resist dyeing technique in which the yarns are tied and dyed according to a specific pattern prior to weaving. This paper focuses on Atlas and Patola, the most famous ikat fabrics in China and India respectively as the research objects. The effort is to provide comparative analysis from the aspects of weaving technology, pattern style, composition characteristics and colors, based on literature and images. Although they are similar in production process, they have very different characteristics due to cultural background, religion, environment and aesthetic tastes of consumers and weavers. Both textiles showcase the local plants, flowers and colour preferences. Islam influences Atlas textiles and hence without animal and figurative pattern. Patola has different patterns for consumers from different religious following. Atlas and Patola are the fabrics of inheritance and represent two different regions and cultures.
Perceived Organizational Support Predicts Emotional Labor Among Nurses
Authors: Bukhari Syeda Razia , Alam Nargis Aftab , Batool Azra , Hussain Yawar , Asim Sitara , Khatttak Naveeda , Tabassum Shafia
Published: January 2020

Background: Nursing is among the various occupations that require management of emotions according to the job demands. Emotional labor and lack of reward are the main sources of mental health outcomes among the nurses. It is very important that more researches, which contemplate the emotional labor importance and unfavorable mental health effects, be carried out.

Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of perceived organizational Support on emotional labor among nurses.

Method: The present study was a correlational study, consist of 200 nurses both Male nurses (N=100) and Females nurses (N=100), from different hospitals and clinics. Age ranged from 20 to 51 years (M= 30.50; S.D= 4.40). Data of the study was collected through convenient sampling technique. Participants were assessed by Shorten Version of Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (Eisenberger et al, 1986) in order to measure perceived organizational support and Dutch Questionnaire on Emotional Labor (D-QEL) (Näring, Briët, & Brouwers, 2007) in order to assess emotional labor.

Results: The results revealed that perceived organizational support significantly predicts emotional labor. By improving the perception of organizational support among nurses, the experience of emotional labor can be reduced.

Conclusion: The purpose of the present study was to develop a health-care model of emotional labor which could help the organizations to understand the role of perceived organizational support on the reactions to the strain of the emotional labor. The present study revealed that perceived organizational support is a significant predictor of emotional labor. Informal types of organizational support (e.g., a perception that the organization is concerned with one's personal life) are important for expatriate success, and should be incorporated into expatriate programs.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Computer and Information Science, Vol. 13, No. 1
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: January 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Computer and Information Science, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2020
Reviewer acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2020
Authors: Yu Gavin
Published: January 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2020