bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete Genome Sequence of the Novel Giant
Pseudomonas
Phage PaBG
Authors: Sykilinda Nina N. , Bondar Alexander A. , Gorshkova Anna S. , Kurochkina Lidia P. , Kulikov Eugene E. , Shneider Mikhail M. , Kadykov Vassily A. , Solovjeva Natalia V. , Kabilov Marsel R. , Mesyanzhinov Vadim V. , Vlassov Valentin V. , Drukker Valentin V. , Miroshnikov Konstantin A.
Published: January 2014

The novel giant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
bacteriophage PaBG was isolated from a water sample of the ultrafreshwater Lake Baikal. We report the complete genome sequence of this
Myoviridae
bacteriophage, comprising 258,139 bp of double-stranded DNA containing 308 predicted open reading frames.
Draft Genome Sequence of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula
Authors: Pettersson B. M. Fredrik , Behra P. R. Krishna , Manduva Satyam , Das Sarbashis , Dasgupta Santanu , Bhattacharya Alok , Kirsebom Leif A.
Published: January 2014

We have sequenced the genome ofSaccharopolyspora rectivirgula, the causative agent of farmer's lung disease. The draft genome consists of 182 contigs totaling 3,977,051 bp, with a GC content of 68.9%.
Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain 2886-75, Associated with the First Reported Case of Human Infection in the United States
Authors: Sanjar Fatemeh , Hazen Tracy H. , Shah Sadiq M. , Koenig Sara S. K. , Agrawal Sonia , Daugherty Sean , Sadzewicz Lisa , Tallon Luke J. , Mammel Mark K. , Feng Peter , Soderlund Robert , Tarr Phillip I. , DebRoy Chitrita , Dudley Edward G. , Cebula Thomas A. , Ravel Jacques , Fraser Claire M. , Rasko David A. , Eppinger Mark
Published: January 2014

First identified in 1982 as a human pathogen, enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
of the O157:H7 serotype is a major cause of food-borne acquired human infections. Here, we report the genome sequence of the first known strain of this serotype isolated in the United States.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces niveus NCIMB 11891, Producer of the Aminocoumarin Antibiotic Novobiocin
Authors: Flinspach Katrin , Rückert Christian , Kalinowski Jörn , Heide Lutz , Apel Alexander Kristian
Published: January 2014

Streptomyces niveus
NCIMB 11891 is the producer of the gyrase inhibitor novobiocin, which belongs to the aminocoumarin class of antibiotics. The genome sequence of this strain was found to contain, besides the gene cluster for novobiocin, a putative gene cluster for the macrolactam antibiotic BE-14106 and further secondary metabolite gene clusters.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces roseochromogenes
subsp.
oscitans
DS 12.976, Producer of the Aminocoumarin Antibiotic Clorobiocin
Authors: Rückert Christian , Kalinowski Jörn , Heide Lutz , Apel Alexander Kristian
Published: January 2014

Streptomyces roseochromogenes
subsp.
oscitans
DS 12.976 is the producer of the gyrase-inhibiting aminocoumarin antibiotic clorobiocin. Here, we present a draft genome sequence of this strain, in which we identified the clorobiocin gene cluster as well as an unusually high number (43) of further putative secondary metabolite clusters.
A novel multipatient intranasal diamorphine spray for use in acute pain in children: pharmacovigilance data from an observational study
Authors: Kendall Jason , Maconochie Ian , Wong Ian C K , Howard Richard
Published: January 2014

Objectives

To establish the safety of an intranasal diamorphine (IND) spray in children.

Design

An open-label, single-dose pharmacovigilance trial.

Setting

Emergency departments in eight UK hospitals.

Participants

Children aged 2–16 years with a fracture or other trauma.

Outcome measures

Adverse events (AE) specifically related to nasal irritation, respiratory and central nervous system depression.

Results

226 patients received 0.1 mg/kg IND. No serious or severe AEs occurred. The incidence of treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) was 26.5% (95% CI 20.9% to 32.8%), 93% being mild. 89% were related to treatment, all being known effects of the drug or route of administration except for three events in two patients. 20.4% (95% CI 15.3% to 26.2%) patients reported nasal irritation, all mild except one moderate and one ‘unknown’ severity. No respiratory depression was reported. Three AEs related to reduced Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) occurred, all mild.

Conclusions

There were no safety concerns raised during the conduct of the study. In addition to expected side effects, IND can cause mild nasal irritation in a proportion of patients.

European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trial No

2009-014982-16.
Blast-mediated traumatic amputation: evidence for a revised, multiple injury mechanism theory
Authors: Singleton James A G , Gibb I E , Bull A M J , Clasper J C
Published: January 2014

Introduction

The accepted mechanism of blast-mediated traumatic amputation (TA) is blast wave induced fracture followed by limb avulsion from the blast wind, generating a transosseous amputation. Blast-mediated through-joint TAs were considered extremely rare with published prevalence <2%. Previous studies have also suggested that TA is frequently associated with fatal primary blast lung injury (PBLI). However, recent evidence suggests that the mechanism of TA and the link with fatal primary blast exposure merit review.

Methods

A trauma registry (UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry) and postmortem CT (PM-CT) database were used to identify casualties (survivors and deaths) sustaining a blast-mediated TA in the 2 years from August 2008. TA metrics and associated significant injuries were recorded. Detailed anatomical data on extremity predebridement osseous and soft tissue injuries were only consistently available for deaths through comprehensive PM-CT imaging.

Results

146 cases (75 survivors and 71 deaths) sustaining 271 TAs (130 in survivors and 141 in deaths) were identified. The lower limb was most commonly affected (117/130 in survivors, 123/141 in deaths). The overall through-joint TA rate was 47/271 (17.3%) and 34/47 through-joint injuries (72.3%) were through knee. More detailed anatomical analysis facilitated by PM-CT imaging revealed only 9/34 through-joint TAs had a contiguous fracture (ie, intra-articular involving the joint through which TA occurred), 18/34 had no fracture and 7/34 had a non-contiguous (ie, remote from the level of TA) fracture. No relationship between PBLI and TA was evident.

Conclusions

The previously reported link between TA and PBLI was not present, calling into question the significance of primary blast injury in causation of blast mediated TAs. Furthermore, the accepted mechanism of injury can't account for the significant number of through-joint TAs. The high rate of through-joint TAs with either no associated fracture or a non-contiguous fracture (74%) is supportive of pure flail as a mechanism for blast-mediated TA.
Developments in ultrasound‐guided thecal puncture in horses
Authors: MacKay Robert J.
Published: January 2014

SINCE the 1970s, needle puncture into the subarachnoid space in horses (thecal puncture) has been used more or less routinely to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), for intrathecal medication and, more recently, as a portal for introduction of an endoscope (Mayhew 1975, Johnson and Constantinescu 2000, Steinman and others 2000, Prange and others 2011). Originally, there were two accepted techniques: upper cervical puncture via the atlanto‐occipital (AO) space in recumbent horses under general anaesthesia; and lumbosacral cisternal puncture in conscious (usually standing) horses. Each of these techniques has advantages and drawbacks. AO cervical puncture is technically straightforward, safe for the operator, can be performed under brief intravenous anaesthesia, and usually yields clean limpid samples uncontaminated by blood. However, recovery from anaesthesia in neurologically compromised horses can be difficult and, occasionally, disastrous. By contrast, the lumbosacral approach is technically challenging even for the experienced operator, carries a small but real risk of explosive reaction by the horse, and significant blood contamination of the aspirated CSF sample is relatively common. At both sites, puncture‐associated sepsis is a possibility but apparently very rare. Severe headache after dural puncture is a frequent problem in people (Bezov and others 2010), but signs consistent with headache are not seen in horses following the procedure.
A NEW INTERLEAVING TECHNIQUE FOR VOLTAGE RIPPLE CANCELLATION OF SERIES-CONNECT PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
Authors: HU BOYANG , SATHIAKUMAR SWAMIDOSS
Published: January 2014

The research into series connection of dc–dc converters has been concentrating more recently on creating a high voltage low current string. However, the interleaving technique of series-connect photovoltaic (PV) module integrated converters (MICs) has not been sufficiently addressed so far. This paper proposes a low cost high performance interleaving technique based on series PV MICs to reduce the output voltage-ripples. With the reduced voltage-ripples, the size and cost of capacitors at grid connected inverters can be reduced. The proposed technique is capable of solving the problem for PV panels with mismatched operating conditions. Each PV panel is able to track its own maximum power point (MPP) which simultaneously delivers the maximum power for the system. The proposed technique is mathematically investigated based on boost (step-up) converters and validated by Simulink/Matlab simulation and experiment results. The MPP tracking (MPPT) algorithm is tested for a PV/battery charging system with satisfactory performances in both steady-state and transient responses with reduced voltage-ripples.
FAULT DETECTION FOR THE CLASS IMBALANCE PROBLEM IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Authors: WANG JIAN , FENG JIAN , HAN ZHIYAN
Published: January 2014

In the semiconductor manufacturing process, fault detection which aims at constructing a decision tool to maintain high process yields is a major step of the process control. Unfortunately, the class imbalance in the modern semiconductor industry makes feature selection for fault detection quite challenging. However, the characteristic has usually been ignored in the open literatures. This paper analyzes the challenge and indicates some of the reasons are due to the dataset shift, the small samples and the class overlapping caused by the class imbalance. To cope with the problems, a new feature selection approach is proposed, which combines the global and local resampling and named ensemble manifold sensitive margin fisher analysis (EMSMFA). Our approach consists of three key components: (1) At the global level, the bagging-based ensemble model is used to overcome the overfitting caused by the data shift; (2) At the local level, the manifold-based oversampling named the weighted synthetic minority oversampling technique (WSMOTE) is proposed to solve the small samples problem in the minority class; (3) The sensitive margin fisher analysis (SMFA) is used to solve the challenge caused by the class overlapping. The proposed fault detection method is demonstrated through its application to the semiconductor wafer fabrication process. The experimental results confirm the EMSMFA improves the performance of fault detection.
LOADING, CHARGING AND THERMAL EFFECTS ON THE MECHANISM OF WATER–CARBON NANOTUBE TRANSMISSION
Authors: ZHANG ZHONG-QIANG , YE HONG-FEI , ZHENG YONG-GANG , CHENG GUANG-GUI , DING JIAN-NING , LING ZHI-YONG
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the transmission mechanism of a charge-controlled water–carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fluidic transmitting nanodevice is investigated by using molecular dynamics simulation with the loading, charging and thermal effects on the starting process being considered. The results show that the external load on the driven CNT can slow down the startup speed of the nanotransmission while the transmitting stability is better than that in non-loading transmitting process. The startup speed of the water–CNTs transmission increases with the increase in the charge magnitude on CNTs since the charges on CNT atoms can increase the water–CNT interfacial coupling strength. The control of the water temperature can also affect the startup speed of the driven CNT attributed to the thermal effect on the slip velocity of confined water. The configuration, dynamic motion behaviors and temperature of the confined water in both the starting and steady transmitting processes are studied to understand the thermo-electromechanical coupling effects on the transmission mechanism of the water–CNTs charge-controlled fluidic transmitting nanodevice.
Does low serum carnosinase activity favor high-intensity exercise capacity?
Authors: Baguet Audrey , Everaert Inge , Yard Benito , Peters Verena , Zschocke Johannes , Zutinic Ana , De Heer Emile , Podgórski Tomasz , Domaszewska Katarzyna , Derave Wim
Published: January 2014

Given the ergogenic properties of β-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine) in skeletal muscle, it can be hypothesized that elevated levels of circulating carnosine could equally be advantageous for high-intensity exercises. Serum carnosinase (CN1), the enzyme hydrolyzing the dipeptide, is highly active in the human circulation. Consequently, dietary intake of carnosine usually results in rapid degradation upon absorption, yet this is less pronounced in subjects with low CN1 activity. Therefore, acute carnosine supplementation before high-intensity exercise could be ergogenic in these subjects. In a cross-sectional study, we determined plasma CN1 activity and content in 235 subjects, including 154 untrained controls and 45 explosive and 36 middle- to long-distance elite athletes. In a subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 12 men performed a cycling capacity test at 110% maximal power output (CCT 110%) following acute carnosine (20 mg/kg body wt) or placebo supplementation. Blood samples were collected to measure CN1 content, carnosine, and acid-base balance. Both male and female explosive athletes had significantly lower CN1 activity (14% and 21% lower, respectively) and content (30% and 33% lower, respectively) than controls. Acute carnosine supplementation resulted only in three subjects in carnosinemia. The CCT 110% performance was not improved after carnosine supplementation, even when accounting for low/high CN1 content. No differences were found in acid-base balance, except for elevated resting bicarbonate following carnosine supplementation and in low CN1 subjects. In conclusion, explosive athletes have lower serum CN1 activity and content compared with untrained controls, possibly resulting from genetic selection. Acute carnosine supplementation does not improve high-intensity performance.
Activity of daily living is associated with circulating CD34+/KDR+ cells and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels in patients after myocardial infarction
Authors: Krüger Karsten , Klocke Rainer , Kloster Julia , Nikol Sigrid , Waltenberger Johannes , Mooren Frank C.
Published: January 2014

The study aimed to investigate whether the extent of activities of daily living (ADL) of patients after myocardial infarction affect numbers of circulating CD34+/KDR+ and CD45+/CD34+ cells, which are supposed to protect structural and functional endothelial integrity. In a cross-sectional study, 34 male coronary artery disease patients with a history of myocardial infarction were assessed for times spent per week for specific physical ADL, including basic activities (instrumental ADL), leisure time activities, and sport activities, using a validated questionnaire. Individual specific activity times were multiplied with respective specific metabolic equivalent scores to obtain levels of specific activities. Numbers of circulating CD34+/KDR+ and CD45+/CD34+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the colony-forming capacity of CD34+ cells and the level of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in serum were measured. Analysis revealed that the extent of total activities and basic activities, as well as total activity time, were positively correlated with numbers of circulating CD34+/KDR+ cells ( r = 0.60, 0.56, and 0.55, P < 0.05). Higher levels of total activity were also associated with increased colony-forming capacity of CD34+ cells ( r = 0.54, P < 0.05) and with higher systemic levels of G-CSF ( r = 0.44, P < 0.05). These findings indicate that even ADL-related activities of coronary artery disease patients after myocardial infarction exert stimulating effects on CD34+/KDR+ cell mobilization, potentially mediated by increased G-CSF levels. This, in turn, potentially contributes to the beneficial effects of exercise on the diseased cardiovascular system.
ERKs in Cancer: Friends or Foes?
Authors: Deschênes-Simard Xavier , Kottakis Filippos , Meloche Sylvain , Ferbeyre Gerardo
Published: January 2014

The extracellular signal–regulated kinase ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2) cascade regulates a variety of cellular processes by phosphorylating multiple target proteins. The outcome of its activation ranges from stimulation of cell survival and proliferation to triggering tumor suppressor responses such as cell differentiation, cell senescence, and apoptosis. This pathway is intimately linked to cancer as several of its upstream activators are frequently mutated in human disease and are shown to accelerate tumorigenesis when engineered in the mouse genome. However, measurement of activated ERKs in human cancers or mouse models does not always support a role in tumorigenesis, and data consistent with a role in tumor suppression have been reported as well. The intensity of ERK signaling, negative feedback loops that regulate the pathway, and cross-talks with other signaling pathways, seem to be of primary importance in determining the final cellular outcome. Cell senescence, a putative tumor-suppression mechanism, depends on high-intensity ERK signals that trigger phosphorylation-dependent protein degradation of multiple proteins required for cell-cycle progression. This response may be circumvented during carcinogenesis by a variety of mechanisms, some of them yet to be discovered, which in essence turn ERK functions from tumor suppression to tumor promotion. The use of pharmacologic inhibitors targeting this pathway must be carefully evaluated so they are applied to cases in which ERKs are mainly oncogenic. Cancer Res; 74(2); 412–9. ©2014 AACR.
Impaired Bone Metabolism in Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1 Is Associated with Poor Metabolic Control in Type 1a and with Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Therapy in Type 1b
Authors: Melis D. , Pivonello R. , Cozzolino M. , Della Casa R. , Balivo F. , Del Puente A. , Dionisi-Vici C. , Cotugno G. , Zuppaldi C. , Rigoldi M. , Parini R. , Colao A. , Andria G. , Parenti G.
Published: January 2014

Background: Glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD1) is a rare and genetically heterogeneous metabolic defect of gluconeogenesis due to mutations of either the G6PC gene (GSD1a) or the SLC37A4 gene (GSD1b). Osteopenia is a known complication of GSD1. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of poor metabolic control and/or use of GSD1-specific treatments on bone mineral density (BMD) and metabolism in GSD1 patients. Methods: In a multicenter, cross-sectional case-control study, we studied 38 GSD1 (29 GSD1a and 9 GSD1b) patients. Clinical, biochemical and instrumental parameters indicative of bone metabolism were analyzed; BMD was evaluated by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative ultrasound. Results: Both GSD1a and GSD1b patients showed reduced BMD compared with age-matched controls. In GSD1a patients, these abnormalities correlated with compliance to diet and biochemical indicators of metabolic control. In GSD1b patients, BMD correlated with the age at first administration and the duration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy. Conclusions: Our data indicate that good metabolic control and compliance with diet are highly recommended to improve bone metabolism in GSD1a patients. GSD1b patients on G-CSF treatment should be carefully monitored for the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis.
Chemotherapy and Surgical Approach with Repeated Endovascular Embolizations: Safe Interdisciplinary Treatment for Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome in a Small Baby
Authors: Nakib Ghassan , Calcaterra Valeria , Quaretti Pietro , Moramarco Lorenzo Paolo , Bonalumi Giovanni , Brunero Marco , Pelizzo Gloria
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS) is a life-threatening disease. We describe a combined medical and multistep, endovascular embolization that was successfully performed with surgery. Case Report: A 40-day-old female baby was referred because of an infiltrating pelvic mass. Blood tests showed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia with consumptive coagulopathy. The clinical aspect was pathognomonic for KMS. Administration of steroids and chemotherapy were started and coagulation parameters were normalized with tumor volume regression. Three months later, elective surgical treatment became possible, and dissection and ligature of the left internal iliac artery and sacral artery were performed. The main arterial supply of the mass was embolized with Spongostan®. Two months later, a second hybrid approach was adopted for embolization of the main vascular supply of the tumor occupying the left thigh. Via a third contralateral hybrid femoral approach and under fluoroscopy, selective catheterization of the left profunda femoris artery was performed. The arterial feeder of the tumor, localized at the left gluteus, was seen on a CT scan 2 months later and was embolized with Onyx-18. Conclusion: Chemotherapy and a tailored hybrid approach comprising repeated endovascular embolizations seem to be a safe treatment in cases of unresectable and life-threatening tumors in small babies.
AIP1 Mediates Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor Receptor-3–Dependent Angiogenic and Lymphangiogenic Responses
Authors: Zhou Huanjiao Jenny , Chen Xiaodong , Huang Qunhua , Liu Renjing , Zhang Haifeng , Wang Yingdi , Jin Yu , Liang Xiaoling , Lu Lin , Xu Zhe , Min Wang
Published: January 2014

Objective—

To investigate the novel function of ASK1-interacting protein-1 (AIP1) in vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3 signaling, and VEGFR-3–dependent angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.

Approach and Results—

AIP1, a signaling scaffold protein, is highly expressed in the vascular endothelium. We have previously reported that AIP1 functions as an endogenous inhibitor in pathological angiogenesis by blocking VEGFR-2 activity. Surprisingly, here we observe that mice with a global deletion of AIP1-knockout mice (AIP1-KO) exhibit reduced retinal angiogenesis with less sprouting and fewer branches. Vascular endothelial cell (but not neuronal)–specific deletion of AIP1 causes similar defects in retinal angiogenesis. The reduced retinal angiogenesis correlates with reduced expression in VEGFR-3 despite increased VEGFR-2 levels in AIP1-KO retinas. Consistent with the reduced expression of VEGFR-3, AIP1-KO show delayed developmental lymphangiogenesis in neonatal skin and mesentery, and mount weaker VEGF-C–induced cornea lymphangiogenesis. In vitro, human lymphatic endothelial cells with AIP1 small interfering RNA knockdown, retinal endothelial cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells isolated from AIP1-KO all show attenuated VEGF-C–induced VEGFR-3 signaling. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that AIP1 via
vegfr-3
–specific
miR-1236
increases VEGFR-3 protein expression and that, by directly binding to VEGFR-3, it enhances VEGFR-3 endocytosis and stability.

Conclusion—

Our in vivo and in vitro results provide the first insight into the mechanism by which AIP1 mediates VEGFR-3–dependent angiogenic and lymphangiogenic signaling.
A new paper wasp from Late Eocene of France (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)
Authors: PERRARD ADRIEN , NEL ANDRÉ , CARPENTER JAMES M.
Published: January 2014

The new vespid genus and species Palaeopolistes jattioti gen. et. sp. nov. is described from the Late Eocene of Monteils (Gard, France). The new taxon has clear features of the Polistinae but its tribal assignment is uncertain.
Comparative genomics of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O145:H28 demonstrates a common evolutionary lineage with Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Cooper Kerry K , Mandrell Robert E , Louie Jacqueline W , Korlach Jonas , Clark Tyson A , Parker Craig T , Huynh Steven , Chain Patrick S , Ahmed Sanaa , Carter Michelle Qiu
Published: January 2014

Background

Although serotype O157:H7 is the predominant enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), outbreaks of non-O157 EHEC that cause severe foodborne illness, including hemolytic uremic syndrome have increased worldwide. In fact, non-O157 serotypes are now estimated to cause over half of all the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cases, and outbreaks of non-O157 EHEC infections are frequently associated with serotypes O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145. Currently, there are no complete genomes for O145 in public databases.

Results

We determined the complete genome sequences of two O145 strains (EcO145), one linked to a US lettuce-associated outbreak (RM13514) and one to a Belgium ice-cream-associated outbreak (RM13516). Both strains contain one chromosome and two large plasmids, with genome sizes of 5,737,294 bp for RM13514 and 5,559,008 bp for RM13516. Comparative analysis of the two EcO145 genomes revealed a large core (5,173 genes) and a considerable amount of strain-specific genes. Additionally, the two EcO145 genomes display distinct chromosomal architecture, virulence gene profile, phylogenetic origin of Stx2a prophage, and methylation profile (methylome). Comparative analysis of EcO145 genomes to other completely sequenced STEC and other E. coli and Shigella genomes revealed that, unlike any other known non-O157 EHEC strain, EcO145 ascended from a common lineage with EcO157/EcO55. This evolutionary relationship was further supported by the pangenome analysis of the 10 EHEC str ains. Of the 4,192 EHEC core genes, EcO145 shares more genes with EcO157 than with the any other non-O157 EHEC strains.

Conclusions

Our data provide evidence that EcO145 and EcO157 evolved from a common lineage, but ultimately each serotype evolves via a lineage-independent nature to EHEC by acquisition of the core set of EHEC virulence factors, including the genes encoding Shiga toxin and the large virulence plasmid. The large variation between the two EcO145 genomes suggests a distinctive evolutionary path between the two outbreak strains. The distinct methylome between the two EcO145 strains is likely due to the presence of a Bsu BI/Pst I methyltransferase gene cassette in the Stx2a prophage of the strain RM13514, suggesting a role of horizontal gene transfer-mediated epigenetic alteration in the evolution of individual EHEC strains.
Specific CT 3D rendering of the treatment zone after Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) in a pig liver model: the “Chebyshev Center Concept” to define the maximum treatable tumor size
Authors: Vollherbst Dominik , Fritz Stefan , Zelzer Sascha , Wachter Miguel F , Wolf Maya B , Stampfl Ulrike , Gnutzmann Daniel , Bellemann Nadine , Schmitz Anne , Knapp Jürgen , Pereira Philippe L , Kauczor Hans U , Werner Jens , Radeleff Boris A , Sommer Christof M
Published: January 2014

Background

Size and shape of the treatment zone after Irreversible electroporation (IRE) can be difficult to depict due to the use of multiple applicators with complex spatial configuration. Exact geometrical definition of the treatment zone, however, is mandatory for acute treatment control since incomplete tumor coverage results in limited oncological outcome. In this study, the “Chebyshev Center Concept” was introduced for CT 3d rendering to assess size and position of the maximum treatable tumor at a specific safety margin.

Methods

In seven pig livers, three different IRE protocols were applied to create treatment zones of different size and shape: Protocol 1 (n = 5 IREs), Protocol 2 (n = 5 IREs), and Protocol 3 (n = 5 IREs). Contrast-enhanced CT was used to assess the treatment zones. Technique A consisted of a semi-automated software prototype for CT 3d rendering with the “Chebyshev Center Concept” implemented (the “Chebyshev Center” is the center of the largest inscribed sphere within the treatment zone) with automated definition of parameters for size, shape and position. Technique B consisted of standard CT 3d analysis with manual definition of the same parameters but position.

Results

For Protocol 1 and 2, short diameter of the treatment zone and diameter of the largest inscribed sphere within the treatment zone were not significantly different between Technique A and B. For Protocol 3, short diameter of the treatment zone and diameter of the largest inscribed sphere within the treatment zone were significantly smaller for Technique A compared with Technique B (41.1 ± 13.1 mm versus 53.8 ± 1.1 mm and 39.0 ± 8.4 mm versus 53.8 ± 1.1 mm; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). For Protocol 1, 2 and 3, sphericity of the treatment zone was significantly larger for Technique A compared with B.

Conclusions

Regarding size and shape of the treatment zone after IRE, CT 3d rendering with the “Chebyshev Center Concept” implemented provides significantly different results compared with standard CT 3d analysis. Since the latter overestimates the size of the treatment zone, the “Chebyshev Center Concept” could be used for a more objective acute treatment control.
Four-year analysis of cataract surgery rates in Shanghai, China: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhu Mingming , Zhu Jianfeng , Lu Lina , He Xiangui , Zhao Rong , Zou Haidong
Published: January 2014

Background

The cataract surgery rate (CSR) is a critical index used to show that cataract blindness is being eliminated. It is considered to be tightly connected to social economic development; however, it is still extremely low in developing countries such as China. Although Shanghai is the most economically developed city in China, its CSR and the obstacles for increasing its CSR have not been previously evaluated.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. By analyzing the data in the “Shanghai Cataract Operations Database” from 2006 to 2009, the CSR in Shanghai was calculated. The numbers of cataract surgeries between urban and suburban districts as well as among various medical institutions were compared.

Results

The CSR in Shanghai increased from 1741 in 2006 to 2210 in 2009, reflecting a 26.94% improvement. Phacoemulsification was the most frequent surgical choice for cataract removal, accounting for 94.93% of total cataract surgeries by 2009. In addition, by 2009, the CSR in urban districts had reached 5468, but only 532 in the suburbs. During 2009, cataract surgery records in 68 district hospitals, 23 medical centers, and 6 private hospitals comprised 32.05%, 52.33%, and 15.62%, respectively, of the total. There was a nearly 3.3-fold increase in the number of surgeries performed in private hospitals in the past four years. Furthermore, the average number of cataract surgeries per doctor that took place in private hospitals per year reached 207, which exceeded the average of 145 that took place in medical centers.

Conclusions

Until 2009, the CSR in Shanghai remained below the rates of social development and fell short of targets suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, increasing the CSR in the suburbs as well as in district hospitals is an important issue that needs to be addressed.
Reciprocal regulation of MicroRNA-99a and insulin-like growth factor I receptor signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Yen Yi-Chen , Shiah Shine-Gwo , Chu Hsiao-Chien , Hsu Yuan-Ming , Hsiao Jenn-Ren , Chang Jang-Yang , Hung Wen-Chun , Liao Chun-Ta , Cheng Ann-Joy , Lu Ya-Ching , Chen Ya-Wen
Published: January 2014

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNA molecules can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in tumorigenesis. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%.

Methods

The expression of microRNA-99a (miR-99a) in OSCC tissues and cell lines was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. The functions of miR-99a in migration/invasion and lung colonization were determined by transwell and tail vein injection assays, respectively. Specific targets of miR-99a were determined by software prediction, correlation with target protein expression, and luciferase reporter assay. The signaling pathways involved in regulation of miR-99a were investigated using the kinase inhibitors.

Results

We observed reduced levels of miR-99a, identified as one of the most downregulated miRNA in OSCC and all tested OSCC cell lines compared to normal oral keratinocytes. Ectopic miR-99a expression in OSCC cells markedly reduced migration and invasion in vitro as well as lung colonization in vivo. When evaluating the specific targets of miR-99a, we found that ectopic miR-99a expression downregulates insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) protein and that the expression of miR-99a correlates negatively with IGF1R protein in OSCC cells. Insertion of the 3′UTR of IGF1R mRNA into the 3′UTR of a reporter gene markedly reduced luciferase activity in OSCC cells expressing miR-99a, suggesting that miR-99a reduces luciferase activity by targeting the 3′UTR of IGF1R mRNA. When evaluating the mechanisms of miR-99a downregulation, we observed the upregulation of miR-99a expression in serum-starved conditions and its suppression in response to insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) stimulation. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase inhibited IGF1-induced suppression of miR-99a, suggesting the negative regulation of miR-99a expression by IGF1R signaling.

Conclusion

Overall, results indicate that miR-99a functions as a tumor metastasis suppressor in OSCC cells and mutually regulates IGF1R expression in a reciprocal regulation.
Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for specific pathogen free 6-week-old Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs
Authors: Cooper Caitlin A , Moraes Luis E , Murray James D , Owens Sean D
Published: January 2014

Background

Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals depend on many factors, including age. A review of the literature highlights the lack of reference intervals for 6-wk-old specific pathogen free (SPF) Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs. For translational research, 6-wk-old pigs represent an important animal model for both human juvenile colitis and diabetes mellitus type 2 given the similarities between the porcine and human gastrointestinal maturation process. The aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for hematological and biochemical parameters in healthy 6-wk-old crossbred pigs. Blood samples were collected from 66 clinically healthy Hampshire-Yorkshire pigs. The pigs were 6 wks old, represented both sexes, and were housed in a SPF facility. Automated hematological and biochemical analysis were performed using an ADVIA 120 Hematology System and a Cobas 6000 C501 Clinical Chemistry Analyzer.

Results

Reference intervals were calculated using both parametric and nonparametric methods. The mean, median, minimum, and maximum values were calculated.

Conclusion

As pigs are used more frequently as medical models of human disease, having reference intervals for commonly measured hematological and biochemical parameters in 6-wk-old pigs will be useful. The reference intervals calculated in this study will aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of both naturally occurring and experimentally induced disease. In comparison to published reference intervals for older non SPF pigs, notable differences in leukocyte populations, and in levels of sodium, potassium, glucose, protein, and alkaline phosphatase were observed.
High-order sparse Radon transform for AVO-preserving data reconstruction
Authors: Xue Yaru , Ma Jitao , Chen Xiaohong
Published: January 2014

The sparse Radon transform (RT) represents seismic data by the superposition of a few constant amplitude events, and thus it has trouble dealing with amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) variations. We integrated the gradient and curvature parameters of AVO into the RT. With these additional properties, the lateral continuity of the events’ amplitude was modeled in the transformation and it could be fitted with orthogonal polynomials. This resulted in a higher order RT, which included AVO terms. The high-order RT is a highly underdetermined problem, which was solved by extracting the major model parameters from energy distribution in a high-order Radon domain and by decreasing the number of inversion parameters. Thus, a high-order sparse RT was achieved. The proposed method can be used for data interpolation as well as extrapolation. The AVO-preservation performance of the proposed algorithm in data reconstruction was illustrated using both synthetic and field data examples, and the results showed the feasibility of the method.
Advancement and validation of surface nuclear magnetic resonance spin-echo measurements of T2
Authors: Grunewald Elliot , Knight Rosemary , Walsh David
Published: January 2014

Obtaining reliable estimates of hydrogeologic properties from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements requires the ability to measure NMR relaxation parameters that are most sensitive to pore-scale geometry. Conventional surface NMR measurements of the free induction decay yield accurate estimates of the relaxation time parameter [Formula: see text], but it has been shown that this parameter can exhibit limited sensitivity to pore size and permeability. We evaluated an improved surface-NMR scheme that uses spin-echo signals to estimate the more robust and readily usable relaxation parameter [Formula: see text]. The acquisition methodology builds upon previous spin-echo schemes and incorporates robust phase-cycling procedures, which remove responses that can potentially interfere with the echo signals. A new two-stage linear inversion was used to derive quantitative estimates of [Formula: see text] with depth. The method was evaluated in two field experiments at sites in the central and western United States. At one site, NMR logging measurements in a nearby borehole provided the first opportunity to compare [Formula: see text]-values estimated by surface NMR to [Formula: see text]-values determined from the logging data. The surface and logging results showed very close agreement at depths where [Formula: see text] is long, but echoes cannot be detected from depths where [Formula: see text] is shorter than the minimum echo time. As anticipated, we found that [Formula: see text] derived from spin echoes was generally much longer than [Formula: see text], derived from the free induction decay. We explain the observed differences by considering the magnitude of inhomogeneity in the background magnetic field. We note that [Formula: see text] exhibited greater variation and sensitivity to pore size than [Formula: see text] in coarse-grained materials, while [Formula: see text] provided greater sensitivity in fine-grained materials where no echo signal was detected. Given these complementary advantages of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] measurement, we advocate adoption of a framework combining spin-echo and free induction decay data to improve characterization of groundwater aquifers.
Calibration of a Semi-Stochastic Procedure for Simulating High-Frequency Ground Motions
Authors: Seyhan Emel , Stewart Jonathan P. , Graves Robert W.
Published: January 2014

Broadband ground motion simulation procedures typically utilize physics-based modeling at low frequencies, coupled with semi-stochastic procedures at high frequencies. The high-frequency procedure considered here combines deterministic Fourier amplitude spectra (dependent on source, path, and site models) with random phase. Previous work showed that high-frequency intensity measures from this simulation methodology attenuate faster with distance and have lower intra-event dispersion than in empirical equations. We address these issues by increasing crustal damping (Q) to reduce distance attenuation bias and by introducing random site-to-site variations to Fourier amplitudes using a lognormal standard deviation ranging from 0.45 for Mw < 7 to zero for Mw 8. Ground motions simulated with the updated parameterization exhibit significantly reduced distance attenuation bias and revised dispersion terms are more compatible with those from empirical models but remain lower at large distances (e.g., > 100 km).
Analysis of the Discrete Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process Caused by the Tick Size Effect
Authors: Miao Daniel Wei-Chung
Published: January 2014

This paper provides an analysis on a discrete version of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process which reflects the small discrete movements caused by the tick size effect. This discrete OU process is derived from matching the first two moments to those of the standard OU process in an infinitesimal sense. We discuss the distributional convergence from the discrete to the continuous processes, and show that the convergence speed is in the second order of the step (tick) size. We also provide some analytical results for the proposed discrete OU process itself, including the closed-form formula of the moment generating function and a full characterisation of the steady state distribution. These results enable us to examine the convergence order explicitly.
Upper Bounds for the Maximum of a Random Walk with Negative Drift
Authors: Kugler Johannes , Wachtel Vitali
Published: January 2014

Consider a random walk Sn = ∑i=0nXi with negative drift. This paper deals with upper bounds for the maximum M = maxn≥1Sn of this random walk in different settings of power moment existences. As is usual for deriving upper bounds, we truncate summands. Therefore, we use an approach of splitting the time axis by stopping times into intervals of random but finite length and then choose a level of truncation on each interval. Hereby, we can reduce the problem of finding upper bounds for M to the problem of finding upper bounds for Mτ = maxn≤τSn. In addition we test our inequalities in the heavy traffic regime in the case of regularly varying tails.
Probabilistic Proofs of Euler Identities
Authors: Holst Lars
Published: January 2014

Formulae for ζ(2n) andLχ4(2n+ 1) involving Euler and tangent numbers are derived using the hyperbolic secant probability distribution and its moment generating function. In particular, the Basel problem, where ζ(2) = π2/ 6, is considered. Euler's infinite product for the sine is also proved using the distribution of sums of independent hyperbolic secant random variables and a local limit theorem.
ΑΝΑΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΙΚΟΙ ΠΑΡΑΜΕΤΡΟΙ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΩΝ ΦΥΛΗΣ ΧΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΚΥΜΗΣ
Authors: Μιχαηλίδης Ιωάννης
Published: January 2014

ΟΙ ΑΜΝΑΔΕΣ ΧΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΚΥΜΗΣ ΕΝΗΒΩΘΗΚΑΝ ΣΕ ΥΨΗΛΟ ΠΟΣΟΣΤΟ ΣΤΟ ΠΡΩΤΟ ΕΤΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΗΛΙΚΙΑΣ ΤΟΥΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΠΟΣΟΣΤΟ ΤΟΚΕΤΩΝ ΤΟΥΣ ΚΥΜΑΝΘΗΚΕ ΣΕ ΥΨΗΛΑ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΑ. ΟΙ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΙΝΕΣ ΧΙΟΥ ΕΚΔΗΛΩΣΑΝ ΤΟΝ ΠΡΩΤΟ ΟΙΣΤΡΟ ΜΕΤΑ ΤΟΝ ΤΟΚΕΤΟ ΣΕ ΜΙΚΡΟΤΕΡΟ ΔΙΑΣΤΗΜΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣΠΡΟΒΑΤΙΝΕΣ ΚΥΜΗΣ. ΚΑΙ ΣΤΙΣ ΔΥΟ ΦΥΛΕΣ ΟΙ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΙΝΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΓΕΝΝΗΣΑΝ ΟΚΤΩΒΡΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΝΟΕΜΒΡΙΟ ΕΚΔΗΛΩΣΑΝ ΤΟΝ ΠΡΩΤΟ ΟΙΣΤΡΟ ΜΕΤΑ ΤΟΝ ΤΟΚΕΤΟ ΣΕ ΠΟΛΥ ΜΙΚΡΟΤΕΡΟ ΔΙΑΣΤΗΜΑ ΑΠΟ ΟΤΙ ΟΙ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΙΝΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΓΕΝΝΗΣΑΝ ΑΡΓΟΤΕΡΑ. ΟΙ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΙΝΕΣ ΧΙΟΥ ΠΟΥ ΓΕΝΝΗΣΑΝΟΚΤΩΒΡΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΝΟΕΜΒΡΙΟ ΕΚΔΗΛΩΣΑΝ ΟΙΣΤΡΟΥΣ ΣΕ ΜΕΓΑΛΟ ΠΟΣΟΣΤΟ ΜΗΝΙΑΙΩΣ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΤΙΣΟΧΕΙΕΣ (20 ΜΑΙΟΥ) ΕΝΩ ΟΣΕΣ ΓΕΝΝΗΣΑΝ ΑΡΓΟΤΕΡΑ ΕΚΔΗΛΩΣΑΝ ΟΙΣΤΡΟΥΣ ΣΕ ΜΙΚΡΑ ΠΟΣΟΣΤΑ ΤΟΝ ΙΑΝΟΥΑΡΙΟ, ΦΕΒΡΟΥΑΡΙΟ, ΜΑΡΤΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΑΠΡΙΛΙΟ. ΟΙ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΙΝΕΣ ΚΥΜΗΣ ΠΟΥ ΓΕΝΝΗΣΑΝ ΟΚΤΩΒΡΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΝΟΕΜΒΡΙΟ ΕΙΧΑΝ ΠΛΗΡΗ ΑΝΟΙΣΤΡΗ ΠΕΡΙΟΔΟ ΤΟΝ ΑΠΡΙΛΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΟΣΕΣΓΕΝΝΗΣΑΝ ΑΡΓΟΤΕΡΑ ΕΙΧΑΝ ΑΝΟΙΣΤΡΗ ΠΕΡΙΟΔΟ ΟΛΗ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΟΙΞΗ. ΣΤΗΝ ΑΡΧΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΑΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΙΚΗΣ ΤΟΥΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΔΟΥ ΟΙ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΙΝΕΣ ΧΙΟΥ ΕΙΧΑΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΥΤΕΡΟ ΡΥΘΜΟ ΩΟΘΥΛΑΚΙΟΡΡΗΞΙΑΣ ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣ ΠΡΟΒΑΤΙΝΕΣ ΚΥΜΗΣ. (ΠΕΡΙΚΟΠΗ)
Η ΕΠΙΔΡΑΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΝΤΟΠΑΜΙΝΗΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΚΚΡΙΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΛΑΚΤΙΝΗΣ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗ ΔΙΡΚΕΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΤΟΚΕΤΟΥ
Authors: Στέφος Θεόδωρος
Published: January 2014

ΣΤΗ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗ ΑΥΤΗ ΜΕΛΕΤΗΘΗΚΕ Η ΣΗΜΑΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΝΔΟΓΕΝΟΥΣ ΝΤΟΠΑΜΙΝΗΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΚΚΡΙΣΗ ΤΗΣ PRL ΣΤΗ ΔΙΑΡΚΕΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΤΟΚΕΤΟΥ ΣΕ 14 ΦΥΣΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΕΣ ΕΠΙΤΟΚΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΓΕΝΝΗΣΑΝ ΜΕ ΦΥΣΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΤΟΚΕΤΟ ΙΣΑΡΙΘΜΑ ΝΕΟΓΝΑ. Η ΔΙΑΡΚΕΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΤΟΚΕΤΟΥ ΗΤΑΝ 7 ΩΡΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΠΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΛΗΦΘΗΚΑΝ ΔΕΙΓΜΑΤΑ ΑΙΜΑΤΟΣ ΑΝΑ ΩΡΑ 7 ΩΡΕΣ ΠΡΙΝ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΚΑΙ 7 ΩΡΕΣ ΜΕΤΑ ΤΟΝ ΤΟΚΕΤΟ ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣ ΜΗΤΕΡΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΧΩΡΙΣΘΗΚΑΝ ΣΕ ΤΡΕΙΣ ΟΜΑΔΕΣ: Α) ΤΗΝ ΟΜΑΔΑ Α ΠΟΥ ΠΕΡΙΕΛΑΒΕ 5 ΓΥΝΑΙΚΕΣ, ΣΤΙΣ ΟΠΟΙΕΣ ΧΟΡΗΓΗΘΗΚΕ ΦΥΣΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΣ ΟΡΟΣ, Β) ΤΗΝ ΟΜΑΔΑ Β ΠΟΥ ΠΕΡΙΕΛΑΒΕ 5 ΓΥΝΑΙΚΕΣ ΣΤΙΣ ΟΠΟΙΕΣ ΧΟΡΗΓΗΘΗΚΕ (ΓΙΑ ΠΡΩΤΗ ΦΟΡΑ) ΣΕ ΣΥΝΕΧΗ ΣΤΑΓΔΗΝ ΕΓΧΥΣΗ ΜΕΤΟΚΛΟΠΡΑΜΙΔΗ (167 MG/MIN) ΚΑΙ Γ) ΤΗΝ ΟΜΑΔΑ Γ ΠΟΥ ΠΕΡΙΕΛΑΒΕ 4 ΓΥΝΑΙΚΕΣ ΣΤΙΣ ΟΠΟΙΕΣ ΧΟΡΗΓΗΘΗΚΕ ΒΡΩΜΟΚΡΥΠΤΙΝΗ 5 MGR ΑΝΑ 4 ΩΡΟ PEROS. ΣΤΙΣ ΟΜΑΔΕΣ Α ΚΑΙ Β Η ΕΓΧΥΣΗ ΕΓΙΝΕ ΓΙΑ 14 ΩΡΕΣ (7 ΩΡΕΣ ΠΡΙΝ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΝ ΤΟΚΕΤΟ ΚΑΙ 7 ΩΡΕΣ ΜΕΤΑ). ΜΕΤΡΗΘΗΚΕ ΡΑΔΙΟΑΝΟΣΟΛΟΓΙΚΑ Η PRL ΤΩΝ ΔΕΙΓΜΑΤΩΝ. ΤΑ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ ΑΝΑΛΥΘΗΚΑΝ ΣΤΑΤΙΣΤΙΚΩΣ ΜΕ ΤΟ STUDENT'S T-TEST (PAIRED AND UNPAIRED) ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΔΙΑΚΥΜΑΝΣΗΣ (ΤΙΜΕΣ Χ +/- SE). ΒΡΕΘΗΚΑΝ ΤΑ ΕΞΗΣ: ΠΕΝΤΕ ΩΡΕΣ ΠΡΙΝ ΤΗ ΓΕΝΝΗΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΕΜΒΡΥΟΥ ΣΤΗΝ Α' ΚΑΙ Β' ΟΜΑΔΑ ΟΙ ΤΙΜΕΣ ΤΗΣ PRL ΕΛΑΤΤΩΘΗΚΑΝ ΣΗΜΑΝΤΙΚΑ (ΟΜΑΣ Α' (343+/- 57 NG/ML, P < 0,05) ΚΑΙ ΕΠΑΝΗΛΘΑΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΡΧΙΚΗ ΤΙΜΗ ΔΥΟ ΩΡΕΣ ΜΕΤΑ ΤΟΝ ΤΟΚΕΤΟ. ΣΤΗ Β' ΟΜΑΔΑ ΟΙ ΤΙΜΕΣ PRL ΚΥΜΑΝΘΗΚΑΝ ΠΟΣΟΤΙΚΑ ΣΕ ΣΗΜΑΝΤΙΚΑ ΥΨΗΛΟΤΕΡΟ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΟ (P <0,05). ΤΟ ΠΡΟΤΥΠΟ ΟΜΩΣ ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΩΝ (ΠΟΛΥΦΑΣΙΚΗ ΜΟΡΦΗ) ΗΤΑΝ ΙΔΙΟ ΣΤΙΣ ΔΥΟ ΟΜΑΔΕΣ Α ΚΑΙ Β. ΣΤΗ Γ' ΟΜΑΔΑ ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΗΘΗΚΑΝ ΔΙΑΚΥΜΑΝΣΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΙΜΗΣ ΤΗΣ PRL ΟΜΟΙΕΣ ΜΕ ΤΙΣ ΔΙΑΚΥΜΑΝΣΕΙΣ ΤΩΝ ΟΜΑΔΩΝ Α ΚΑΙ Β. ΕΛΑΤΤΩΘΗΚΕ ΟΜΩΣ ΣΗΜΑΝΤΙΚΑ Η ΤΙΜΗ ΤΗΣ PRL. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΙΝΕΤΑΙ ΟΤΙ Η ΕΚΚΡΙΣΗ ΤΗΣ PRL ΣΤΟΝ ΤΟΚΕΤΟ ΒΡΙΣΚΕΤΑΙ ΑΚΟΜΗ ΚΑΤΩ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΣΤΑΛΤΙΚΗ ΔΡΑΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΝΤΟΠΑΜΙΝΗΣ Η ΟΠΟΙΑ ΟΜΩΣ ΦΑΙΝΕΤΑΙ ΟΤΙ ΔΕΝ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΥΠΕΥΘΥΝΗ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΟΛΥΦΑΣΙΚΗ ΜΟΡΦΗ ΕΚΚΡΙΣΕΩΣ ΤΗΣ ΣΤΟΝ ΤΟΚΕΤΟ.
Συγχώνευση εμπορικών εταιριών και θεωρία της επιχείρισης
Authors: Δούβλης Βασίλειος
Published: January 2014

Η ΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗ ΚΙΝΟΥΜΕΝΗ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΣΗΜΕΡΑ ΣΤΑ ΠΛΑΙΣΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΚΛΑΣΙΚΟΥ ΕΜΠΟΡΙΚΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΕΤΑΙΡΙΚΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΣΥΝΔΕΕΙ ΤΗ ΣΥΓΧΩΝΕΥΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΕΜΠΟΡΙΚΩΝ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΩΝ ΜΕ ΤΗ ΝΟΜΙΚΗΤΟΥΣ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ. Η ΕΜΦΑΝΙΣΗ ΟΜΩΣ ΝΕΩΝ ΑΝΤΙΛΗΨΕΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΝΕΩΝ ΚΛΑΔΩΝ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ, ΟΠΩΣ ΤΟ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΟ, ΤΟ ΔΙΚΑΙΟ ΤΩΝ ΣΥΝΑΛΛΑΓΩΝ ΚΛΠ, ΕΧΕΙ ΟΔΗΓΗΣΕΙ ΣΤΑΔΙΑΚΑ ΤΗ ΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗ, ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΑ ΤΟ ΕΤΑΙΡΙΚΟ ΔΙΚΑΙΟ, ΣΕ ΜΙΑ ΕΠΑΝΕΞΕΤΑΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΣΗΜΕΡΑ ΚΛΑΣΙΚΩΝ ΘΕΣΕΩΝ ΤΟΥ. ΜΕΣΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΚΑΤΑΤΑΞΗ ΑΥΤΗ ΤΩΝ ΙΔΕΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΞΕΠΗΔΗΣΕ Η ΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΕΝΝΟΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΣΗΣ. Η ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΣΗ ΛΟΙΠΟΝ ΠΟΥ ΜΕΧΡΙ ΣΗΜΕΡΑ ΘΕΩΡΕΙΤΟ ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΣΤΙΚΑ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΕΝΝΟΙΑ ΣΥΝΔΕΟΜΕΝΗ ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΒΑΣΗ ΚΑΘΕ ΕΤΑΙΡΙΑΣ ΑΠΟΚΤΑ ΝΕΟ ΝΟΗΜΑ ΜΕΤΑΤΡΕΠΟΜΕΝΗ ΣΕ ΝΟΜΙΚΟ ΜΑΝΔΥΑ ΤΗΣ ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΑΣ.ΜΕΣΑ ΑΠΟ ΑΥΤΗ ΤΗ ΣΥΝΔΕΣΗ Η ΣΥΓΧΩΝΕΥΣΗ ΕΜΠΟΡΙΚΩΝ ΕΤΑΙΡΙΩΝ ΓΙΝΕΤΑΙ ΜΑΛΛΟΝ ΑΝΤΙΛΗΠΤΗ ΩΣ ΣΥΓΧΩΝΕΥΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΣΕΩΝ, ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ ΠΟΥ ΒΟΗΘΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΠΙΛΥΣΗ ΑΡΚΕΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΒΛΗΜΑΤΩΝ ΠΟΥ ΑΝΤΙΜΕΤΩΠΙΖΕΙ Ο ΘΕΣΜΟΣ ΣΕ ΝΟΜΙΚΟ, ΑΛΛΑ ΚΑΙ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΟ. Η ΚΥΡΙΟΤΕΡΗ ΣΥΜΒΟΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΝΕΑΣ ΘΕΩΡΙΑΣ ΕΙΝΑΙ Η ΚΑΤΑΡΓΗΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΔΙΑΧΩΡΙΣΜΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΓΧΩΝΕΥΣΗΣ ΣΕ ΓΝΗΣΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΤΑΧΡΗΣΤΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΜΙΑ ΣΕΙΡΑ ΑΛΛΩΝ ΕΠΙ ΜΕΡΟΥΣ ΛΥΣΕΩΝ. ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ ΠΟΥ ΒΟΗΘΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΠΙΛΥΣΗ ΑΡΚΕΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΒΛΗΜΑΤΩΝ ΠΟΥ ΑΝΤΙΜΕΤΩΠΙΖΕΙ Ο ΘΕΣΜΟΣ ΣΕ ΝΟΜΙΚΟ, ΑΛΛΑ ΚΑΙ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΟ. Η ΚΥΡΙΟΤΕΡΗ ΣΥΜΒΟΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΝΕΑΣ ΘΕΩΡΙΑΣ ΕΙΝΑΙ Η ΚΑΤΑΡΓΗΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΔΙΑΧΩΡΙΣΜΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΓΧΩΝΕΥΣΗΣ ΣΕ ΓΝΗΣΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΤΑΧΡΗΣΤΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΜΙΑ ΣΕΙΡΑ ΑΛΛΩΝ ΕΠΙ ΜΕΡΟΥΣ ΛΥΣΕΩΝ.
ΟΙ ΣΥΝΤΑΓΜΑΤΙΚΟΙ ΘΕΣΜΟΙ ΑΝΤΙΜΕΤΩΠΙΣΗΣ ΚΡΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΚΡΙΣΕΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΑΛΛΟΔΑΠΗ
Authors: Κριάρη Ισμήνη
Published: January 2014

ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΣΥΝΤΑΓΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΘΕΣΜΩΝ ΑΝΤΙΜΕΤΩΠΙΣΗΣ ΚΡΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΚΡΙΣΕΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΗ ΒΡΕΤΑΝΝΙΑ, ΓΑΛΛΙΑ (ΑΡΘΡΟ 16), ΔΥΤΙΚΗ ΓΕΡΜΑΝΙΑ (17ΟΣ ΝΟΜΟΣ ΣΥΜΠΛΗΡΩΜΑΤΙΚΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΘΕΜΕΛΙΩΔΟΥΣ ΝΟΜΟΥ), ΕΛΒΕΤΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΑΦΟΡΑ ΣΤΟΥΣ ΑΝΤΙΣΤΟΙΧΟΥΣ ΘΕΣΜΟΥΣ ΣΤΙΣ ΑΛΛΕΣ ΧΩΡΕΣ. ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΔΡΟΜΗ ΣΤΙΣ ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ ΚΗΡΥΞΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ ΣΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΙΚΟΥ ΝΟΜΟΥ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 1912 ΕΩΣ ΣΗΜΕΡΑ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΙΣ ΣΥΝΑΦΕΙΣ ΡΥΘΜΙΣΕΙΣ ΤΟΥ 19ΟΥ ΑΙ. ΠΡΟΥΠΟΘΕΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΝΕΠΕΙΕΣ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΑΡΘΡΟΥ 48 ΤΟΥ ΣΥΝΤΑΓΜΑΤΟΣ ΤΟΥ 1975 ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΝΟΜΟΥ 566/1977, ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ-ΔΙΚΑΣΤΙΚΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΟΙΝΟΒΟΥΛΕΥΤΙΚΟΣ-ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΒΛΕΠΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΜΕΤΡΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΦΟΡΕΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΕΚΤΕΛΕΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣ (ΠΡΟΕΔΡΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΣΕΩΣ). ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΚΡΙΤΙΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΤΑΣΕΩΣ ΑΝΑΘΕΩΡΗΣΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ ΑΡΘΡΟΥ 48 ΤΟΥ ΠΑ.ΣΟ.Κ ΤΗΣ 11.3.1985.