bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of synthetic lipid droplets in metabolic diseases
Authors: Zhao Pengxiang , Zhao Zichen , Yu Ziwei , Chen Lupeng , Jin Yi , Wu Jian , Ren Zhuqing
Published: November 2023

Background

The study and synthesis of membrane organelles are becoming increasingly important, not only as simplified cellular models for corresponding molecular and metabolic studies but also for applications in synthetic biology of artificial cells and drug delivery vehicles. Lipid droplets (LDs) are central organelles in cellular lipid metabolism and are involved in almost all metabolic processes. Multiple studies have also demonstrated a high correlation between LDs and metabolic diseases. During these processes, LDs reveal a highly dynamic character, with their lipid fraction, protein composition and subcellular localisation constantly changing in response to metabolic demands. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions have not been fully understood due to the limitations of cell biology approaches. Fortunately, developments in synthetic biology have provided a huge breakthrough for metabolism research, and methods for in vitro synthesis of LDs have been successfully established, with great advances in protein binding, lipid function, membrane dynamics and enzymatic reactions.

Aims and methods

In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the assembly and function of endogenous LDs, from the generation of lipid molecules to how they are assembled into LDs in the endoplasmic reticulum. In particular, we highlight two major classes of synthetic LD models for fabrication techniques and their recent advances in biology and explore their roles and challenges in achieving real applications of artificial LDs in the future.
Occipital atrophy signature in prodromal Lewy bodies disease
Authors: Galli Alice , Pilotto Andrea , Chiarini Benedetta , Giunta Marcello , Corbo Daniele , Tirloni Clara , Ferreira Daniel , Premi Enrico , Lupini Alessandro , Zatti Cinzia , Bonanni Laura , Tiraboschi Pietro , Gasparotti Roberto , Padovani Alessandro
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is typically characterized by parietal, temporal, and occipital atrophy, but less is known about the newly defined prodromal phases. The objective of this study was to evaluate structural brain alterations in prodromal DLB (p‐DLB) as compared to healthy controls (HC) and full‐blown dementia (DLB‐DEM).

METHODS

The study included 42 DLB patients (n = 20 p‐DLB; n = 22 DLB‐DEM) and 27 HC with a standardized neurological assessment and 3‐tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel‐wise analyses on gray‐matter and cortical thickness were implemented to evaluate differences between p‐DLB, DLB‐DEM, and HC.

RESULTS

p‐DLB and DLB‐DEM exhibited reduced occipital and posterior parieto‐temporal volume and thickness, extending from prodromal to dementia stages. Occipital atrophy was more sensitive than insular atrophy in differentiating p‐DLB and HC. Occipital atrophy correlated to frontotemporal structural damage increasing from p‐DLB to DLB‐DEM.

DISCUSSION

Occipital and posterior‐temporal structural alterations are an early signature of the DLB continuum and correlate with a long‐distance pattern of atrophy.
Apathy as a determinant of health behaviors in older adults: Implications for dementia risk reduction
Authors: Harrison Fleur , Mortby Moyra E. , Mather Karen A. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Brodaty Henry
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

Long‐term improvements in physical inactivity and other behavioral risk factors are integral to dementia risk reduction; however, sustained behavior change is challenging. Apathy, depression, and fatigue may impact engagement in health behaviors, but their presentation overlaps. This study investigates whether these symptoms are differentially associated with multiple health behaviors.

METHODS

In 1037 community‐dwelling older adults without dementia (aged 70–90, 55% women), regression analyses examined apathy, depression, and fatigue as predictors of health behaviors (physical activity, diet, alcohol, smoking) and a behavioral risk index.

RESULTS

Apathy was associated with reduced physical activity and alcohol use, and one or multiple behavioral risk factors. No or inconsistent relations were found between depression or fatigue and health behaviors.

DISCUSSION

Apathy is relevant to multiple health behaviors and should be considered when designing health promotion for older adults, including interventions for dementia risk reduction. Findings highlight the importance of distinguishing apathy from comorbid symptoms.

Highlights

Novel theory‐based perspective on behavioural risk factors for dementia.

Higher apathy predicted less physical activity and alcohol use, and increased odds of lifestyle risk factors.

Depressive symptoms were not associated with any health behavior.

Apathy may be a determinant of multiple health behaviors in older adults, distinct from depression and fatigue.

Considering apathy in precision prevention of dementia appears warranted.
Task shifting eating disorders prevention: A pilot study of selective interventions adapted for teacher‐led universal delivery in secondary schools
Authors: Atkinson Melissa J. , Parnell Jade , Diedrichs Phillippa C.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Increasing effectiveness and sustainability of universal school‐based eating disorder prevention is needed. This study adapted two existing selective prevention programmes for universal delivery, investigating feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects when delivered by trained teachers to classes of mixed‐gender adolescents.

Method

A three‐arm controlled pilot study with Year 9 students (N = 288; Mage = 13.61 SDage = .50). Three schools in south Wales and south‐west England were allocated to mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI), dissonance‐based intervention (DBI), or classes‐as‐usual (CAU) control. Self‐reported eating disorder risk factors were collected at baseline, 6‐week post‐intervention, and 2‐month follow‐up. Focus groups were conducted post‐intervention.

Results

Delivery and evaluation were feasible, allowing for flexibility in scheduling, with good retention. Student and teacher ratings indicated moderate acceptability of both interventions, with recommendations for refinement. Mixed model analyses, controlling for baseline, showed significant effects of condition across post‐intervention and follow‐up for body esteem (DBI > CAU; Cohen's d = .34) and positive affect (MBI > CAU, d = .58). For girls only, both MBI and DBI improved body satisfaction and internalization, and the MBI additionally resulted in improved weight and shape concerns, negative affect, and life disengagement (d's = .39–1.12), across post‐intervention and follow‐up.

Discussion

Selective eating disorder prevention programmes based on cognitive dissonance and mindfulness can be delivered universally in schools, by teachers, allowing for appropriate flexibility necessary for real world implementation. Moderate acceptability indicates areas for improving content and delivery; positive effects on key outcomes are encouraging. These findings provide support for further robust evaluation.

Public Significance

Existing universal eating disorder prevention is limited by small effects and reliance on highly trained facilitators. This study is the first to adapt mindfulness‐ and dissonance‐based interventions for delivery by teachers, to adolescents of all genders in a classroom setting. Delivery was largely feasible and acceptable, and both interventions showed significant effects across key risk factors for eating disorders, with larger effect sizes than found previously. This underpins further robust evaluation.
MarINvaders: A web toolkit of marine species for use in environmental assessments
Authors: Verones Francesca , Gjedde Philip , Koslowski Maximilian , Woods John S. , Lonka Radek , Stadler Konstantin
Published: November 2023

Invasive species are the second most important reason for species extinction since 1500 ad. In addition, these invasive species can cause vast economic loss. In marine ecoregions, alien species introductions are increasing, and those that become invasive have caused profound changes in many marine ecoregions. We compiled a database consisting of information about where species are alien, where they are not, and which species are listed as threatened by invasive species. In addition, we developed an interactive Webapp for visualizing and analyzing the results. We used the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) for identifying the presence of a species in a marine ecoregion. Information from the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD), and the Nature Conservancy database on marine invasive species (NatCon) was used to identify the names and locations of marine alien species. Information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List revealed which species are considered to be threatened by invasive species. Our database lists 112,399 marine species, of which 966 are alien species and 1655 are listed as threatened by invasive species by the IUCN. These are distributed throughout 225 marine ecoregions (97% of marine ecoregions). Our results confirm previous studies about the prevalence of alien and invasive species and provide an up‐to‐date status about known and recorded species and their distribution. This information can be used as a fundament for developing impact assessment models and identifying management strategies to combat marine invasive species.
Effect of CNT filler and temperature on fracture toughness of epoxy composites reinforced with carbon fabric
Authors: Kiran M. D. , Govindaraju H K , Kumar Nithin , Nagaral Madeva , Khankal Dhananjay Vasant , Pandhare Amar Pradeep , Babu E. R. , Anjinappa Chandrashekar , Razak Abdul , Wodajo Anteneh Wogasso
Published: November 2023

In present research the fracture behavior of carbon fabric‐epoxy composites (CE composites) was evaluated with the addition of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.75 weight percentages of carbon nano tubes (CNTs) at different temperatures. The CE composites with different wt.% of CNT were fabricated using land layup method and cured by hot pressing. The fracture toughness of fabricated composites was evaluated in mode–I condition at different temperature. From the results it was shown that the highest fracture toughness was observed at 0.75 wt.% of reinforcement of CNT functional fillers. The fracture toughness of 0.75 wt.% CNT filled CE composites was increased by 19.73% compared to unfilled CE composites. The fracture toughness of CNT filled CE composites diminishes with increase in temperature and the composite filled with 0.75 wt.% CNT exhibits better fracture toughness than the unfilled CE composite at all the temperatures. The fracture toughness was improved by 57.76% and 71.65% at 40 and 60°C, respectively, at 0.75 wt.% reinforcement of CNT fillers. The fractured surfaces of composites were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study the filler contribution to enhance the fracture toughness and failure mechanism of composites.
Redesigning elastic full‐waveform inversion on the new Sunway architecture
Authors: Hua Mengyuan , Wan Wubing , Sun Zhaoqi , Yin Zekun , Xiong Puyu , Liu Xiaohui , Tian Haodong , Gao Ping , Liu Weiguo , Wang Hua , Zhao Wenlai , Huang Zhenchun
Published: November 2023

IFOS3D is a three‐dimensional elastic full‐waveform inversion (EFWI) tool designed for high‐resolution estimation of the Earth's material properties within 3D subsurface structures. However, due to the significant computational costs associated with 3D EFWI, leveraging the computing power of a supercomputer for implementation is a logical choice. In this article, we introduce several innovative process‐level and thread‐level optimizations based on heterogeneous many‐core architectures in the new Sunway supercomputer, which is a powerful system globally. These optimizations encompass a process‐level communication overlapping strategy, thread‐level data partitioning and layout approaches, a remote memory access optimized master‐slave communication scheme, and a thread‐level data reuse and overlapping strategy. Through these optimizations, we achieve significant improvements in each iteration, with a kernel function speedup of approximately 59 and an overall program speedup of about 14. Our findings demonstrate the ability of our proposed optimization strategies to overcome the computational challenges associated with 3D EFWI, providing a promising framework for future advancements in the field of subsurface imaging.
Design and Thermodynamic Investigation of a Waste Heat‐Assisted Compressed Air Energy Storage System Integrating Thermal Energy Storage and Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Fu Wenyu , Sun Wenqiang , Huo Xiangyan
Published: November 2023

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology has attracted growing attention because of the demand for load shifting and electricity cost reduction in energy‐intensive industries. To increase the round‐trip efficiency and energy storage density and simplify the structure of advanced adiabatic CAES (AA‐CAES) systems, a waste heat‐assisted CAES (WH‐CAES) design integrating a tube‐in‐tube thermal energy storage unit and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is described herein. Thermodynamic models of the proposed WH‐CAES system are established, and the effects of waste heat temperature, ratio of compression ratios, ratio of expansion ratios, and air storage cavern pressure on the performance of different systems, including AA‐CAES and WH‐CAES with and without ORC, are investigated. The results show that when the waste heat temperature is 500 °C, the input work of the compressors reaches its minimum value at a ratio of compression ratios of 1.14, and the optimal ratio of expansion ratios is 0.39. Under these optimal operating conditions, compared with the AA‐CAES system, the round‐trip storage efficiency, energy storage density, and system energy efficiency of the WH‐CAES system can be increased significantly. The findings validate the potential of the proposed WH‐CAES system.
An Inertial Energy Harvester Based on Noncontact Magnetic Force for Self‐Powered Applications in New Energy Buses
Authors: Li Yongxin , Zhao Zhen , Fan Duxing , Wang Haonan , Yan Zhangwei , Zhang Baifu
Published: November 2023

The advent of energy‐efficient, next‐generation driverless buses places substantial reliance on an array of wireless sensors. In response to this challenge, converting and utilizing these buses' local inertial kinetic energy emerges as a practical strategy for achieving self‐powered capabilities for low‐power appliances. Herein, an inertial energy harvester based on noncontact magnetic force for self‐powered applications in new energy buses is introduced. The harvester system comprises energy capture, mechanical amplification, conversion, and storage modules. The energy capture module proficiently captures and converts the otherwise wasted inertial kinetic energy into magnetic force. The magnified magnetic force produced by the mechanical amplification module efficiently transforms into electrical power within the energy conversion module. Afterward, the alternating current is regulated and stored within the supercapacitor by the energy storage module, achieving self‐powered capabilities for low‐power vehicle appliances. At the same time, combined with the bench test, the maximum output power of the harvester under different vehicle acceleration scenarios is obtained. Taking the campus bus of Liaocheng University as the application object, the average output power of the harvester in the actual operation of the campus is 23.71 mW, which can effectively promote the realization of wireless sensor self‐powered technology in new energy vehicles.
Characterising use of recovery record among a large, transdiagnostic sample of adults with eating disorders across higher levels of care
Authors: Reilly Erin E. , Gorrell Sasha , Johnson Craig , Duffy Alan , Blalock Dan V. , Mehler Philip , Johnson Madelyn , Le Grange Daniel , Rienecke Renee D.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Smartphone applications (i.e., apps) designed to target mental health symptoms have received increasing public and empirical attention, including in eating disorder|eating disorders (EDs) treatment. While some data have begun to characterise app users in non‐controlled settings, there is limited information on use of apps in higher levels of care (e.g., partial hospitalisation or residential treatment programs) for EDs.

Method

This study aimed to explore metrics of use while in treatment for a commonly used ED‐focused mobile app (Recovery Record) among individuals enroled in intensive outpatient, partial hospitalisation, residential, or inpatient treatments (N = 2042).

Results

Results indicated that older individuals and participants with binge eating disorder demonstrated more frequent app engagement compared to younger participants and other ED diagnoses, respectively. Individuals entering at intensive outpatient and partial hospitalisation levels of care, as well as those with routine discharges engaged more frequently with RR compared to individuals entering in inpatient or residential treatment, and those with non‐routine discharges.

Conclusions

Our data provide initial descriptions of how RR may be used within higher levels of care for adults with EDs. Further work is needed to establish the benefit of these apps in clinical settings for EDs over and above standard treatment, better characterise for whom these apps provide benefit, and identify how best to tailor the experience to promote engagement across the full spectrum of ED patients.
Targeted protein delivery based on stimuli‐triggered nanomedicine
Authors: Liu Jinzhao , Zhou Yang , Lyu Qingyang , Yao Xiaotong , Wang Weiping
Published: November 2023

Protein‐based drugs have shown unique advantages to treat various diseases in recent years. However, most protein therapeutics in clinical use are limited to extracellular targets with low delivery efficiency. To realize targeted protein delivery, a series of stimuli‐triggered nanoparticle formulations have been developed to improve delivery efficiency and reduce off‐target release. These smart nanoparticles are designed to release cargo proteins in response to either internal or external stimuli at pathological tissues. In this way, varieties of protein‐based drugs including antibodies, enzymes, and pro‐apoptotic proteins can be effectively delivered to desired sites for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, metabolic diseases, and so on with minimal side effects. In this review, recent advances in the design of stimuli‐triggered nanomedicine for targeted protein delivery in different biomedical applications will be discussed. A deeper understanding of these emerging strategies helps develop more efficient protein delivery systems for clinical use in the future.
The dissolution, reassembly and further clearance of amyloid‐β fibrils by tailor‐designed dissociable nanosystem for Alzheimer's disease therapy
Authors: Feng Qianhua , Zhang Xueli , Zhang Nan , Gu Huan , Wang Ning , Chen Jing , Yuan Xiaomin , Wang Lei
Published: November 2023

The fibrillation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) is the critical causal factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the dissolution and clearance of which are promising for AD therapy. Although many Aβ inhibitors are developed, their low Aβ‐binding affinity results in unsatisfactory effect. To solve this challenge, the Aβ sequence‐matching strategy is proposed to tail‐design dissociable nanosystem (B6‐PNi NPs). Herein, B6‐PNi NPs aim to improve Aβ‐binding affinity for effective dissolution of amyloid fibrils, as well as to interfere with the in vivo fate of amyloid for Aβ clearance. Results show that B6‐PNi NPs decompose into small nanostructures and expose Aβ‐binding sites in response to AD microenvironment, and then capture Aβ via multiple interactions, including covalent linkage formed by nucleophilic substitution reaction. Such high Aβ‐binding affinity disassembles Aβ fibrils into Aβ monomers, and induces the reassembly of Aβ&nanostructure composite, thereby promoting microglial Aβ phogocytosis/clearance via Aβ receptor‐mediated endocytosis. After B6‐PNi NPs treatment, the Aβ burden, neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments are relieved in AD transgenic mice. This work provides the Aβ sequence‐matching strategy for Aβ inhibitor design in AD treatment, showing meaningful insight in biomedicine.
Viscoelastic blood coagulation testing system enabled by a non‐contact triboelectric angle sensor
Authors: Wang Baocheng , Wei Xuelian , Zhou Hanlin , Cao Xiaole , Zhang Enyang , Wang Zhong Lin , Wu Zhiyi
Published: November 2023

Thromboelastography (TEG) remains a convenient and effective viscoelastic blood coagulation testing device for guiding blood component transfusion and assessing the risk of thrombosis. Here, a TEG enabled by a non‐contact triboelectric angle sensor (NTAS) with a small size (∼7 cm3) is developed for assessing the blood coagulation system. With the assistance of a superelastic torsion wire structure, the NTAS‐TEG realizes the detection of blood viscoelasticity. Benefiting from a grating and convex design, the NTAS holds a collection of compelling features, including accurate detection of rotation angles from −2.5° to 2.5°, high linearity (R2 = 0.999), and a resolution of 0.01°. Besides, the NTAS exhibits merits of low cost and simplified fabrication. Based on the NTAS‐TEG, a viscoelastic blood coagulation detection and analysis system is successfully constructed, which can provide a graph and parameters associated with clot initiation, formation, and stability for clinicians by using 0.36 mL of whole blood. The system not only validates the feasibility of the triboelectric coagulation testing sensor, but also further expands the application of triboelectric sensors in healthcare.
Deep‐learning enabled smart insole system aiming for multifunctional foot‐healthcare applications
Authors: Tian Yu , Zhang Lei , Zhang Chi , Bao Bo , Li Qingtong , Wang Longfei , Song Zhenqiang , Li Dachao
Published: November 2023

Real‐time foot pressure monitoring using wearable smart systems, with comprehensive foot health monitoring and analysis, can enhance quality of life and prevent foot‐related diseases. However, traditional smart insole solutions that rely on basic data analysis methods of manual feature extraction are limited to real‐time plantar pressure mapping and gait analysis, failing to meet the diverse needs of users for comprehensive foot healthcare. To address this, we propose a deep learning‐enabled smart insole system comprising a plantar pressure sensing insole, portable circuit board, deep learning and data analysis blocks, and software interface. The capacitive sensing insole can map both static and dynamic plantar pressure with a wide range over 500 kPa and excellent sensitivity. Statistical tools are used to analyze long‐term foot pressure usage data, providing indicators for early prevention of foot diseases and key data labels for deep learning algorithms to uncover insights into the relationship between plantar pressure patterns and foot issues. Additionally, a segmentation method assisted deep learning model is implemented for exercise‐fatigue recognition as a proof of concept, achieving a high classification accuracy of 95%. The system also demonstrates various foot healthcare applications, including daily activity statistics, exercise injury avoidance, and diabetic foot ulcer prevention.
The place and limits of futures analysis: Strategy under uncertainty 25 years on
Authors: Gordon Adam Vigdor
Published: November 2023

This paper revisits a 1997 Harvard Business Review article, “Strategy Under Uncertainty,” 25 years after publication, to selectively and critically extract its insights for the current era in futures and foresight work. It relates the original article to ongoing purpose and methodological issues in the futures field and outlines the ways its concepts remain pertinent in academic futures understanding and organizational futures practice.
Layered shallow water equations: Spatiotemporally varying layer ratios with specific adaptation to wet/dry interfaces
Authors: Bhat Naveed Ul Hassan , Pahar Gourabananda
Published: November 2023

The study of multilayered shallow water equations has developed from a consideration of immiscible layers as a vertical mesh to the layer bounds as imaginary extremes for vertical integration of the flow equations. In the current work, a quasi three‐dimensional flow model has been developed with the consideration of the spatiotemporal flexibility/variability of the pervious vertical discretization/layer ratios. Thus, in principle, vertical layering offers a nonuniform grid with a temporal variation. The system of equations thus formulated comprises a conservative part and the appended source/sink terms. These source/sink terms pertain to the inter‐layer interactions such as mass/momenta transfer and interfacial stress, which have been treated in a novel implicit form alongwith the subgrid‐scale eddy‐viscosity for interlayer shear. They are integrated into the system through different physical considerations so as to arrive at a well‐balanced numerical scheme in a regular finite volume grid. The model has been validated through the standard test‐cases highlighting the conservation properties and the model's adaptability to uniform and nonuniform vertical meshes alongwith the spatiotemporal transitions of layer ratios, with a specific interest in limiting cases of wet/dry fronts. The increase in layer ratios tends to nearly replicate the full‐scale model results in experimental scenarios at a lesser computational overhead.
The effects of pomegranate consumption on obesity indices in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bahari Hossein , Pourreza Sanaz , Goudarzi Kian , Mirmohammadali Seyedeh Nooshan , Asbaghi Omid , Kolbadi Kosar Sadat Hosseini , Naderian Moslem , Hosseini Ali
Published: November 2023

Evidence supports the potential application of polyphenols as agents against obesity. Pomegranate is one of the fruits that possess a high content of polyphenols. This systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sought to evaluate the effects of pomegranate consumption on obesity indices, including body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP), and fat‐free mass (FFM) in adults. Relevant RCTs were obtained by searching databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, up to May 2023. Heterogeneity tests of the included trials were performed using the I2 statistic. Random effects models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. Pooled analysis of 28 trials revealed that pomegranate consumption led to a significant reduction in body weight (WMD: −1.97, 95% CI: −2.91, −1.03, p < .05), and a significant decrease in BMI (WMD: −0.48, 95% CI: −0.76, −0.20, p < .05) in comparison with the control group. However, there were no significant effects on WC, FM, FFM, and BFP in comparison with the control group. Pomegranate consumption may yield a beneficial effect on body weight and BMI in adults. However, there were no significant effects on WC, FM, FFM, and BFP, by pomegranate consumption. Also, pomegranate consumption can reduce body weight, BMI, WC, and BFP in obese adults. Long‐term trials with different doses of pomegranate are needed.
Engineering Oxygen Vacancies in (FeCrCoMnZn)3O4‐δ High Entropy Spinel Oxides Through Altering Fabrication Atmosphere for High‐Performance Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ozgur Cagla , Erdil Tuncay , Geyikci Uygar , Okuyucu Can , Lokcu Ersu , Kalay Yunus Eren , Toparli Cigdem
Published: November 2023

High entropy oxides (HEOs) offer great potential as catalysts for oxygen electrocatalytic reactions in alkaline environments. Herein, a novel synthesis approach to prepare (FeCrCoMnZn)3O4‐δ high entropy spinel oxide in a vacuum atmosphere, with the primary objective of introducing oxygen vacancies into the crystal structure, is presented. As compared to the air‐synthesized counterpart, the (FeCrCoMnZn)3O4‐δ with abundant oxygen vacancies demonstrates a low (better) bifunctional (BI) index of 0.89 V in alkaline media, indicating enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen catalytic activity. Importantly, (FeCrCoMnZn)3O4‐δ demonstrates outstanding long‐term electrochemical and structural stability. When utilized as electrocatalysts in the air cathode of Zn‐air batteries, the vacuum atmosphere synthesized (FeCrCoMnZn)3O4‐δ catalysts outperform the samples treated in an air atmosphere, displaying superior peak power density, specific capacity, and cycling stability. These findings provide compelling evidence that manipulating the synthesis atmosphere of multi‐component oxides can serve as a novel approach to tailor their electrochemical performance.
Association between flaunting behaviors on social media and among the general population in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nazmunnahar  , Nasim Rehnuma , Mosharrafa Rana Al , Hossain Iffat , Saima Jannatul , Taher Tania , Hossain Md. Jamal , Rahman Md. Ashrafur , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

The number of social media users is growing with each passing day at full tilt, keeping pace with digitalization and technological advances. Despite several advantages, there are also certain negative aspects to using social networking sites (SNS) for communication, amusement, self‐expression, impression management, and other purposes. This study sought to investigate the association between mental health status and flaunting behaviors in social media among the general population in Bangladesh.

Methods

We conducted this nationwide cross‐sectional online survey among 465 people aged between 18 and 60 between October 15, 2021 and January 15, 2022. Following electronic consent, we collected the socio‐demographic profiles and psychometric parameters of the respondents. Additionally, we assessed the diverse perspectives on SNS usage and its relationship to the self‐reported symptoms of depression and loneliness.

Results

The estimated prevalence of loneliness and depressive symptoms were 65.16% (mild: 39.57%, moderate: 16.56%, severe: 9.03%) and 55.49% (mild: 26.67%, moderate: 22.15%, severe: 6.67%), respectively. Key factors associated with flaunting on social media were mental health issues such as depression and loneliness. Several social factors were also considered, such as being young, of the male sex, unmarried, illiterate, a student, urban dwelling, average economic status, nuclear family structure, types of SNSs, checking social media first in the morning, and the use of SNS for gaining popularity.

Conclusion

A significant portion of SNS users reported symptoms of mental illness. Current study findings urge for longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes to have a nearly equal distribution of users from each social media platform for in‐depth exploration of how user attitudes about SNSs and site usage patterns impact the general public's mental health. We suggest that regulating SNS usage patterns and treatment approaches would improve the situation.
In‐school adolescents' sociodemographic correlates of serious unintentional injuries in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sarfo Jacob O. , Obeng Paul , Gbordzoe Newton I. , Debrah Timothy P. , Ofori Crescens O. B. , Hagan John E.
Published: November 2023

Background

As a public health concern, serious adolescent injuries constitute considerable global morbidity and mortality. Despite the proliferation of literature on this problem, the evidence on the determinants of injuries among in‐school adolescents in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG) is insufficient.

Method

The study analyzed data from the 2018 Global School‐based Student Health Survey to examine the prevalence and determinants of serious injuries in a nationwide adolescent sample in SVG. χ2 And binomial logistic regression analyses were carried out, along with an adjusted odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval.

Results

Serious injuries among this population were estimated at 50.5%. Student grades, gender, truancy, amphetamine or methamphetamine use, marijuana or alcohol use, cigarette smoking, physical assault, physical fight, cyberbullying, suicidal behavior (ideation, plan, and attempt), parental or guardian tobacco use, and multiple sexual partners were significantly associated with serious injuries. After adjusting for other variables, being a male, having experienced a physical attack, fighting physically, attempting suicide, and having multiple sexual partners predicted serious injuries among in‐school adolescents in SVG.

Conclusion

The use of integrative health promotion and injury prevention programmes (e.g., antiviolence campaigns) and educational measures could help minimize or eradicate this menace in SVG.
Simulation of fourth‐grade magnetized fluid flow due to motile cilia in a heated curved channel
Authors: Abbas Z. , Arslan M. S. , Rafiq M. Y.
Published: November 2023

This research aims to investigate the main features of the ciliary flow of fourth‐grade fluid in a curved channel. The fluid is considered electrically conducting with a radial magnetic field effect. The constitutive relation for energy is formulated with the addition of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation. The governing system of coupled partial differential equations with extremely nonlinear expressions is simplified using the long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. The numerical outcomes of simplified normalized equations are obtained using the finite difference method incorporating the relaxation algorithm. The numerical outcomes regarding the influences of several physical parameters on the temperature, velocity, pumping characteristics, and stream function are examined through graphs. The outcomes reveal that fluid velocity diminishes by enhancing the magnetic parameter. Also, the temperature is enhanced by enhancing the values of the Brickman number. The current model has been used in bioengineering processes, microfluidics, and drug delivery systems.
Unconventional monetary policy in the Euro area: Impacts on loans, employment, and investment
Authors: Afonso António , Gomes Pereira Francisco
Published: November 2023

Using a dataset of bank‐ and regional‐level data, we study the effectiveness and heterogeneity of the transmission mechanism of the ECB's large scale asset purchases (LSAPs) to the real economy. Our results indicate that banks more exposed to government debt securities had higher growth of loans and loans relative to total assets than less exposed banks after the asset purchase programme (APP), but not after the pandemic emergency purchase programme (PEPP). Furthermore, our results demonstrate that regions where banks are more exposed to government securities exhibit more favorable outcomes after the APP in GDP, fixed capital formation, unemployment, and compensation of employees than regions with less exposed banks, via the bank lending channel. We argue that banks' exposure to LSAPs targeted assets and their geographical location is an important factor determining the magnitude and heterogeneity of the portfolio rebalancing transmission mechanism to the real economy.
Female pelvic organ‐preserving robot‐assisted simple cystectomy and intracorporeal ileal neobladder reconstruction on a young woman with Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis
Authors: Oue Hiroyuki , Miyachi Shiori , Higashi Shinichiro , Sasaki Takeshi , Kato Manabu , Masui Satoru , Nishikawa Kouhei , Uchida Katsunori , Ueda Tomohiro , Inoue Takahiro
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Cystectomy is the last treatment option for Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis. However, consensus regarding optimal patient selection or treatment approaches is lacking.

Case presentation

A 27‐year‐old woman presented to a regional hospital with bladder pain and frequent urination. Antimicrobial therapy was administered; however, her symptoms persisted and she was finally diagnosed with HIC. Multiple endoscopic fulgurations of Hunner's lesions with bladder hydrodistension or intravesical therapy were performed; however, the symptoms persisted. A urethral catheter was inserted 1 month before she visited our clinic because of a severely contracted bladder. We performed female pelvic organ‐preserving robot‐assisted simple cystectomy and intracorporeal ileal neobladder reconstruction. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and her symptoms resolved.

Conclusion

This is the first report of pelvic organ‐preserving robot‐assisted simple cystectomy and intracorporeal ileal neobladder reconstruction in a young woman with HIC.
Exploring the time‐frequency connectedness among non‐fungible tokens and developed stock markets
Authors: Hemrit Wael , Benlagha Noureddine , Ben Arous Racha , Ben Arab Mounira
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we examine the connectedness between volatilities for various non‐fungible tokens (NFTs) and developed stock markets during the period from July 1, 2018, to June 15, 2022. With the use of the time‐varying connectedness methods to explore the volatility interdependences among these assets, we find that there is a significant volatility connectedness during Russia's invasion of Ukraine and COVID‐19 periods. Evidence emerging from this study advocates the inclusion of NFTs in developed stock markets for medium and long time periods only. The results also suggest that UK and Germany stock markets are the predominant market of spillover transmission, whereas the XTZ is the top net recipient/transmitter of volatility connectedness shocks. Moreover, Chinese stock market and ENJ offer more diversification gains than others, and the volatility connectedness from US stock market to NFTs is more pronounced in the long‐term than the short‐term. Our research provides some urgent and prominent insights to help investors and policymakers to be aware that NFTs are important hedge assets that should be added to stock portfolios during periods of geopolitical stability and in the post‐pandemic times.
Predominant factors influencing reactive oxygen species in cancer stem cells
Authors: Soundararajan Loshini , Warrier Sudha , Dharmarajan Arun , Bhaskaran Natarajan
Published: November 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its related signaling pathways and regulating molecules play a major role in the growth and development of cancer stem cells. The concept of ROS and cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been gaining much attention since the past decade and the evidence show that these CSCs possess robust self‐renewal and tumorigenic potential and are resistant to conventional chemo‐ and radiotherapy and believed to be responsible for tumor progression, metastasis, and recurrence. It seems reasonable to say that cancer can be cured only if the CSCs are eradicated. ROS are Janus‐faced molecules that can regulate cellular physiology as well as induce cytotoxicity, depending on the magnitude, duration, and site of generation. Unlike normal cancer cells, CSCs expel ROS efficiently by upregulating ROS scavengers. This unique redox regulation in CSCs protects them from ROS‐mediated cell death and nullifies the effect of radiation, leading to chemoresistance and radioresistance. However, how these CSCs control ROS production by scavenging free radicals and how they maintain low levels of ROS is a challenging to understand and these attributes make CSCs as prime therapeutic targets. Here, we summarize the mechanisms of redox regulation in CSCs, with a focus on therapy resistance, its various pathways and microRNAs regulation, and the potential therapeutic implications of manipulating the ROS levels to eradicate CSCs. A better understanding of these molecules, their interactions in the CSCs may help us to adopt proper control and treatment measures.
FSH preserves the viability of hypoxic granulosa cells via activating the HIF‐1α‐GAS6‐Axl‐Akt pathway
Authors: Li Chengyu , Fu Chen , He Tong , Liu Zhaojun , Zhou Jiaqi , Wu Gang , Liu Honglin , Shen Ming
Published: November 2023

The developmental fate of ovarian follicles is primarily determined by the survival status (proliferation or apoptosis) of granulosa cells (GCs). Owing to the avascular environment within follicles, GCs are believed to live in a hypoxic niche. Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) has been reported to improve GCs survival by governing hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α)‐dependent hypoxia response, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Growth arrest‐specific gene 6 (GAS6) is a secreted ligand of tyrosine kinase receptors, and has been documented to facilitate tumor growth. Here, we showed that the level of GAS6 was markedly increased in mouse ovarian GCs after the injection of FSH. Specifically, FSH‐induced GAS6 expression was accompanied by HIF‐1α accumulation under conditions of hypoxia both in vivo and in vitro, whereas inhibition of HIF‐1α with small interfering RNAs/antagonist repressed both expression and secretion of GAS6. As such, Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that HIF‐1α directly bound to a hypoxia response element site within the Gas6 promoter and contributed to the regulation of GAS6 expression in response to FSH. Notably, blockage of GAS6 and/or its receptor Axl abrogated the pro‐survival effects of FSH under hypoxia. Moreover, phosphorylation of Axl by GAS6 is required for FSH‐mediated Akt activation and the resultant pro‐survival phenotypes. Finally, the in vitro findings were verified in vivo, which showed that FSH‐induced proliferative and antiapoptotic effects in ovarian GCs were diminished after blocking GAS6/Axl using HIF‐1α antagonist. These findings highlight a novel function of FSH in preserving GCs viability against hypoxic stress by activating the HIF‐1a‐GAS6‐Axl‐Akt pathway.
Is there any sustained effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic? – A controlled trial comparing pre‐ and post‐pandemic oral radiology courses
Authors: Mücke Katharina , Igelbrink Justine , Busch Caroline , Drescher Dieter , Becker Jürgen , Becker Kathrin
Published: November 2023

Purpose/objectives

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, undergraduate education shifted towards online‐only formats from April 2020 until July 2021. Previous research indicated a negative effect on students’ competence development, and it remains unclear whether blended learning concepts could provide compensation. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare pre‐ to post‐pandemic students’ performance in standardized baseline (BL) and final exams (FE), as well as the associated knowledge gain (KG) in three consecutive undergraduate blended learning‐based oral radiology courses (C1‐3).

Methods

Ninety‐four students participated during two pre‐pandemic semesters (October 17–July 18), and ninety‐eight students during two post‐pandemic semesters (October 21–July 22). Before the pandemic, conventional face‐to‐face lectures were combined with an oral radiology platform. Two years into the COVID‐19 pandemic, additional video‐based e‐learning modules were adopted from the pandemic online‐only curriculum. In each semester, skills and KG were assessed by conducting standardized BL and FE. Students’ performance in BL, FE, and the associated KG during pre‐pandemic semesters was compared to post‐pandemic semesters.

Results

In post‐pandemic courses, students showed significantly lower BL scores, whereas KG was significantly higher in post‐ compared to pre‐pandemic semesters (27.42% vs. 10.64%, p < 0.001, respectively). FE scores in C1 significantly improved from pre‐ to post‐pandemic semesters.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of our study, the lower BL scores confirmed the negative effect of the pandemic on competence development. Blended learning concepts seem to compensate for this effect and enable students to return to pre‐pandemic levels. Future studies are needed to assess the additional impact of video‐based e‐learning modules.
State same‐sex marriage policies and pre‐exposure prophylaxis implementation among men who have sex with men in the United States
Authors: Raifman Julia , Cheng Debbie M. , Skinner Alexandra , Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Stein Michael D.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

More than 70% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States were among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 2019. Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a transformative innovation for reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Structural stigma against sexual minorities, including in the form of state‐level policies, may affect PrEP implementation. We evaluated whether lower structural stigma reflected by earlier year of state same‐sex marriage legalization was associated with increased male PrEP prescriptions and male PrEP‐to‐need ratio (PnR), a ratio of PrEP prescriptions to new HIV diagnoses.

Methods

We used 2012−2019 AIDSVu data on male PrEP prescriptions and male PnR in each US state and year. We used generalized estimating equations to evaluate the relationship between the timing of implementing state same‐sex marriage policies and the outcomes of male PrEP prescriptions per 100,000 people and the male PnR. We adjusted for calendar year, Medicaid expansion and the political party of the governor in each state.

Results

State implementation of same‐sex marriage policies in earlier, relative to later, periods was associated with increases in the rate of male PrEP prescriptions and in the male PnR. Specifically, implementing state same‐sex marriage policies between 2004 and 2011 and between 2012 and 2013 were each associated with greater rates of male PrEP prescriptions relative to implementing same‐sex marriage policies between 2014 and 2015. Implementing state same‐sex marriage policies between 2004 and 2011 as well as between 2012 and 2013 were both significantly associated with a greater male PnR relative to implementing same‐sex marriage policies between 2014 and 2015. By 2019, the difference in male PrEP prescriptions was 137.9 (97.3−175.5) per 100,000 in states that implemented same‐sex marriage in 2004−2011 and 27.2 (23.3−30.5) per 100,000 in states that implemented same‐sex marriage from 2012 to 2013, relative to states that implemented same‐sex marriage in 2014−2015.

Conclusions

Earlier implementation of state same‐sex marriage policies was associated with greater rates of male PrEP prescriptions. Reducing state‐level structural stigma may improve HIV prevention among MSM in the United States.