bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aufsichtsrats- und Hauptversammlungsbeschluss – zugleich Urteilsbesprechung zu BGH II ZR 24/17
Authors: Goette Maximilian
Published: April 2019

Der BGH bestätigt mit der hier zu besprechenden Entscheidung die bislang herrschende Meinung, wonach die Zustimmung des Aufsichtsrats im Grundsatz vor Durchführung der Maßnahme einzuholen ist und eine Zustimmung des Aufsichtsratsvorsitzenden nicht die Zustimmung des Gesamtgremiums ersetzen kann. Begrüßenswert ist ferner die höchstrichterliche Klärung, dass ein ohne Beschluss der Hauptversammlung, aber mit Einwilligung des Alleinaktionärs handelnder Vorstand bei anschließender Inanspruchnahme für die schadensverursachende Maßnahme den Einwand des Rechtsmissbrauchs nur ausnahmsweise erheben kann. Wegweisend für die Fortentwicklung der Vorstandshaftung ist die Absage an die bislang verbreitet vertretene Ansicht, dass Kompetenzverstöße des Vorstands auch über § 93 Abs. 2 AktG zu sanktionieren seien und eine Berufung auf rechtmäßiges Alternativverhalten in diesen Fällen ausscheide. Stattdessen hat der BGH in diesen Fällen die Exkulpationsmöglichkeiten in Anspruch genommener Vorstandsmitglieder erweitert, indem er es für zulässig erachtet hat, dass sich diese darauf berufen, dass der Aufsichtsrat dem Geschäft zugestimmt hätte, wenn er einbezogen worden wäre. Offen geblieben ist allerdings die höchst relevante Frage, wie die Beweisführung in der Praxis gelingen kann.
Evaluation of the Dynamic CBR Test on Coarse-Grained Materials
Authors: Henzinger Christoph , Vogt Stefan
Published: April 2019

The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test is commonly used to evaluate the quality of base courses and subbase courses, subgrades, and unsurfaced roads. It provides an empirical index value for the strength of a compacted material. However, the conventional field CBR test is time consuming. As a simple and fast alternative, a dynamic CBR test has been developed for which a falling mass is used to provide the force needed for the penetration of a piston into the tested material. The biggest advantage of the dynamic CBR test compared with the conventional CBR test is that it can be completed within very few minutes. Based on experimental data from laboratory and field tests, this article evaluates the use of the dynamic CBR test on coarse-grained materials. The laboratory program consisted of 15 materials (primary and secondary raw materials) that were compacted to different dry densities and were tested using the conventional and dynamic CBR tests. Additional field tests were performed on four of these materials. The results suggest the use of the dynamic CBR test as a valuable alternative to the static CBR test on granular materials. A general correlation formula for dynamic penetration values provided by the dynamic CBR test and conventional CBR values is presented.
The Effect of Surface Preparation on Retained Austenite Measurement
Authors: Yu Haixuan , Lu Yuan , Xu Yangzi , Sisson Richard D.
Published: April 2019

The effect of surface finish on the evaluated content of retained austenite on quenched AISI 52100 steel (Rc = 62) by X-ray diffraction (XRD) was investigated. The sample surfaces were prepared with different surface finishes under different load and vibratory polishing with colloidal silica suspension prior to XRD testing. The surface morphology of samples was observed by scanning electron microscope, and surface roughness was evaluated. The measured content of austenite increased with the surface roughness resulting from grinding surfaces with different surface finishes. The coarse surface grinding can deform the surface and transform some of the retained austenite into martensite. The deformation layer became thinner with finer grit. The thickness of the deformation layer can be as high as 20 µm due to coarse grinding and can be less than 7 µm due to fine polishing. The deformation layer would have a huge influence on the measurement of retained austenite due to low analyzed depth of XRD. In order to accurately evaluate the content of the retained austenite in the sample, minimizing the depth of the deformation layer should be ensured, either by fine polishing or electropolishing.
Mechanical Behavior and Quantitative Fractographic Characterization of Hot-Stamped Usibor® 1500 Steel as a Function of Strain Rate
Authors: Mishra Kishlay , Sharma Sukanya M. , Gokhale Arun M. , Thadhani Naresh , Bhat Shrikant P.
Published: April 2019

Effects of strain rate on mechanical behavior and fractographic features are elucidated in Usibor® 1500 hot-stamped at extreme conditions. Uniaxial tensile tests have been performed at strain rates ranging from 10−4 to 103 per second. It is observed that the ductility and ultimate tensile strength are higher at the highest strain rate as compared to the lowest strain rate studied. Unbiased quantitative fractography has been applied to characterize the fracture surfaces after tensile tests. Numerous quantitative fractographic attributes including area fractions of the fractures surfaces generated by different fracture micromechanisms and number density of dimples in the dimpled fracture regions have been estimated from the quantitative fractographic data. These data reveal that ductile dimpled fracture is the dominant fracture micromechanism at all strain rates. Nonetheless, the extent of the fracture surface generated by ductile dimpled fracture increases with increase in the strain rate. Therefore, increase in the strain rate facilitates dimpled ductile fracture or increases resistance to brittle fracture (or both).
The Politics of Inter-caste Marriage among Dalits in India
Authors: Tamalapakula Sowjanya
Published: April 2019

Marriage in Hindu communities is caste-endogamous. Any transgression leads to violence against the men and women who move toward inter-caste unions. A few inter-caste/interfaith couples manage to enter conjugality despite the familial and social pressures. This paper explores the caste and gender politics that operate within inter-caste marriages.
The People’s Action Party and the Singapore Presidency in 2017
Authors: Osman Mohamed Nawab Mohamed , Waikar Prashant
Published: April 2019

While the Singapore government has sought to construct the elected presidency as an institution critical to Singapore’s political system, the result in fact forces the institution to contradict itself. This paradox has important implications for politics in a post–Lee Hsien Loong Singapore.
The Genome of C57BL/6J “Eve”, the Mother of the Laboratory Mouse Genome Reference Strain
Authors: Sarsani Vishal Kumar , Raghupathy Narayanan , Fiddes Ian T , Armstrong Joel , Thibaud-Nissen Francoise , Zinder Oraya , Bolisetty Mohan , Howe Kerstin , Hinerfeld Doug , Ruan Xiaoan , Rowe Lucy , Barter Mary , Ananda Guruprasad , Paten Benedict , Weinstock George M , Churchill Gary A , Wiles Michael V , Schneider Valerie A , Srivastava Anuj , Reinholdt Laura G
Published: April 2019

Isogenic laboratory mouse strains enhance reproducibility because individual animals are genetically identical. For the most widely used isogenic strain, C57BL/6, there exists a wealth of genetic, phenotypic, and genomic data, including a high-quality reference genome (GRCm38.p6). Now 20 years after the first release of the mouse reference genome, C57BL/6J mice are at least 26 inbreeding generations removed from GRCm38 and the strain is now maintained with periodic reintroduction of cryorecovered mice derived from a single breeder pair, aptly named Adam and Eve. To provide an update to the mouse reference genome that more accurately represents the genome of today’s C57BL/6J mice, we took advantage of long read, short read, and optical mapping technologies to generate a de novo assembly of the C57BL/6J Eve genome (B6Eve). Using these data, we have addressed recurring variants observed in previous mouse genomic studies. We have also identified structural variations, closed gaps in the mouse reference assembly, and revealed previously unannotated coding sequences. This B6Eve assembly explains discrepant observations that have been associated with GRCm38-based analyses, and will inform a reference genome that is more representative of the C57BL/6J mice that are in use today.
Revisiting the concept of inter-granular void ratio in view of particle packing theory
Authors: Chang Ching S. , Deng Yibing
Published: April 2019

The equivalent inter-granular void ratio appears to be a pertinent density variable in analysing the mechanical response of silty sand. Using this density variable, the critical state locus (CSL) in the void ratio against mean effective stress plane for soil mixtures with various fines content can be normalised into a narrow band to give a single CSL. The equivalent inter-granular void ratio is defined as a function of fines content and a parameter b. However, the parameter b is vaguely defined as the fraction of active fines, which is considered to be a constant by some researchers and also as a function of fines content by other researchers. Until now, there are no conclusive ways of determining parameter b. In this respect, a new formula of the equivalent inter-granular void ratio is derived from the perspective of a recently proposed particle packing model. The new formula also shows that the parameter b is a function of specific volumes of coarse and fine particles. The two specific volumes in general are different for coarse and fine particles. If the two specific volumes are the same, the new formula is reduced to the same form of the classic formula. This new formula is then verified by several datasets of various sand−silt mixtures.
Cellular Senescence in the Kidney
Authors: Docherty Marie-Helena , O’Sullivan Eoin D. , Bonventre Joseph V. , Ferenbach David A.
Published: April 2019

Senescent cells have undergone permanent growth arrest, adopt an altered secretory phenotype, and accumulate in the kidney and other organs with ageing and injury. Senescence has diverse physiologic roles and experimental studies support its importance in nephrogenesis, successful tissue repair, and in opposing malignant transformation. However, recent murine studies have shown that depletion of chronically senescent cells extends healthy lifespan and delays age-associated disease—implicating senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype as drivers of organ dysfunction. Great interest is therefore focused on the manipulation of senescence as a novel therapeutic target in kidney disease. In this review, we examine current knowledge and areas of ongoing uncertainty regarding senescence in the human kidney and experimental models. We summarize evidence supporting the role of senescence in normal kidney development and homeostasis but also senescence-induced maladaptive repair, renal fibrosis, and transplant failure. Recent studies using senescent cell manipulation and depletion as novel therapies to treat renal disease are discussed, and we explore unanswered questions for future research.
Punto de atención de la prueba
Authors: Pérez Jeff
Published: April 2019

Introducción: la evaluación ultrasonográfica del tracto reproductivo en las yeguas es uno de los procedimientos más confiables en la actualidad para el diagnóstico y monitoreo de la preñez. Esta herramienta tiene la capacidad de predecir el impacto potencial que algunas enfermedades generan en la calidad y salud reproductiva de las yeguas.

Objetivo: describir una aproximación apropiada para reconocer los puntos de atención de la prueba en la evaluación ultrasonográfica de yeguas preñadas y no preñadas.

Método de caracterización: los puntos de atención de la prueba POC (Point-of-Care Testing) son una serie de criterios diseñados para proporcionar resultados rápidos, a la vez que permiten una relativa autonomía por el observador.

Discusión: por definición, una prueba POC debe estar disponible para ser usada al lado del paciente y con la versatilidad de obtener resultados útiles para la toma de decisiones clínicas inmediatamente.

Conclusión: la importancia del ultrasonido en la evaluación ginecológica y obstétrica de la yegua resalta la importancia de considerar los puntos de atención de la prueba en el examen ultrasonográfico del aparato reproductor de las yeguas.
El concepto de derecho mayor: una aproximación, desde la cosmología andina
Authors: Flórez-Vargas Carlos Albeiro
Published: April 2019

Introducción: el artículo aborda el concepto de Derecho mayor, el cual ha tomado fuerza en las investigaciones académicas. Dicho concepto se encuentra envuelto en una complejidad estimulante para los investigadores, lo cual invita a la reflxión sobre la mejor forma decomprender los conceptos cosmo-ancestrales y de ordenamiento de la comunidad misak. Metodología: la investigación que da origen a este artículo es de tipo iap (Investigación Acción Participativa), en la cual la comunidad misak tiene una participación directa en laproducción de conocimientos concretos sobre su propia realidad. Resultados: la investigación arroja como resultado la generación de nuevo conocimiento sobre la concepción indígena de Derecho mayor, la cual se basa en la armonía y los principios de correspondencia ycomplementariedad. Conclusión: el artículo permite comprender cuestiones básicas del pensamiento misak desde el Derecho mayor,haciendo uso de los principios rectores de la cosmología andina a partir de un retrato cosmogónico de la comunidad misak.
cDNA synthesis of PRRSV v1
Authors: Buter Rianne , Dortmans Jos
Published: April 2019

Protocol cDNA synthesis for PRRSV ORF 2-7 PCR: Protocol RT-reaction For preparation of the RT mix the next components were combined in a pre-mix: Component pre-mix n = 1 n = 13 (PRRSV) RNA 7 µL Primer stock 10 µM Poly dT 2 µL 26 µL 10 mM dNTP mix 1 µL 13 µL For each sample 2 µL poly dT primer and 1 µL dNTP mix were mixed with 7 µL RNA. Samples were incubated for 5 minutes at 65°C (denaturation) and subsequently cooled on melting ice for at least 1 minute. A cDNA synthese mix was prepared : Component n = 1 n= 13 10X RT buffer 2 µL 26 µL 25 mM MgCL2 4 µL 52 µL 0.1 M DTT 2 µL 26 µL RNaseOUT (40 U/µL) 1 µL 13 µL SuperScript III RT (200 U/µL) 1 µL 13 µL 10µL cDNA syntheses mix was added to 10 µL RNA/pre-mix . After mixing, the tubes were centrifuged for a few seconds. Samples were incubated for 75 minutes at 50°C (cDNA syntheses) and subsequently for 5 minutes at 85°C (termination). After that, the samples were cooled on melting ice. Samples were centrifuged for a few seconds and to each cDNA sample 1 µL RNAse H was added and incubated for 20 minutes at 37°C. The samples were used directly in the PRRSV ORF 2-7 PCR or stored at -70°C.
Solution of a functional equation on compact groups using Fourier analysis
Authors: Chahbi Abdellatif , Fadli Brahim , Kabbaj Samir
Published: April 2019

Let \(G\) be a compact group, let \(n \in N\setminus \{0,1\}\) be a fixed element and let \(\sigma\) be a continuous automorphism on \(G\) such that \(\sigma^n=I\). Using the non-abelian Fourier transform, we determine the non-zero continuous solutions \(f:G \to C\) of the functional equation \[ f(xy)+\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}f(\sigma^k(y)x)=nf(x)f(y),\ x,y \in G,\] in terms of unitary characters of \(G\).
Comparison between surface and volumetric properties of short-chain alcohols and some classical surfactants
Authors: Bielawska Magdalena , Zdziennicka Anna , Jańczuk Bronisław
Published: April 2019

Measurements of the dynamic surface tension of the aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, propanol, CTAB and SDDS at their given concentrations were made. From the obtained results and the literature data it was concluded that the adsorption of short-chain alcohols at the water-air interface is somewhat similar to that of classical surfactants. For that reason the relationship between the Gibbs standard free energy of adsorption of short-chain alcohols and classical surfactants at that interface was established. The correlation between the chemical potential of mixing of alcohols and surfactants was also analysed. This analysis concerned the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of alcohols and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants. The chemical potential of surfactant mixing was calculated from the literature CMC data for the homologous series of alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl ammonium chlorides, alkyl trimethylammonium bromides, and alkyl pyridinium bromides. The influence of the hydrophobic chain length of alcohol and surfactant molecules on the Gibbs standard free energy of their adsorption at the water-air interface and their chemical potential of mixing were considered. It appeared that there is a linear dependence between these thermodynamic functions and the number of carbon atoms increased by 1 in the hydrocarbon chains of these compounds. This confirms clearly our conclusion that the behaviour of short-chain alcohols and classical surfactants at the water-air interface and in the bulk phase of aqueous solutions is similar. 
Comparison of contact angle measurement methods of liquids on metal alloys
Authors: Terpiłowski Konrad , Hołysz Lucyna , Rymuszka Diana , Banach Robert
Published: April 2019

The paper presents the studies of metal wettability using two methods: the sessile droplet and immersion ones. Based on the measured contact angles, there was calculated apparent surface free energy from the acidic–basic approach and the contact angle hysteresis. The advancing contact angles measured using the immersion method exhibit a little higher values than those measured by the sessile droplet method. The application of the immersion method leads to obtaining higher contact angle hysteresis. Both methods give different values of contact angles but they can be applied independently for estimation of metal surface wettability.
Tożsamość w procesie komunikacji
Authors: Wójcicka Marta
Published: April 2019

Artykuł podejmuje problem konstruowania/kształtowan/renegocjowania tożsamości jednostkowej w procesach komunikacji społecznej („ONI – JA”), interpersonalnej („JA – ON”) oraz intrapersonalnej („JA – JA”). W wyniku tych trzech typów procesów kształtowania tożsamości w dialogu tworzą się trzy jej składowe, czyli tożsamość substancjalna, relacyjna oraz procesualna.
O pewnych warunkach perswazji
Authors: Warchala Jacek
Published: April 2019

W artykule poruszono problem perswazji jako zjawiska komunikacyjnego. Jest on próbą rozróżnienia między perswazją, czyli przekonywaniem i nakłanianiem, a manipulacją, czyli pokonywaniem i podporządkowywaniem. Przedstawiono także dwa główne warunki,
które muszą zostać spełnione, aby sytuacja perswazyjna w ogóle mogła wystąpić: warunek dialogowości, czyli otwarcie się na odbiorcę, i dążenie do wymiany jako otwarcie się na racje inne niż własne, oraz warunek wolności do głoszenia i obrony własnych racji. Jeśli perswazja jest rodzajem walki symbolicznej, to musi odbywać się w warunkach wzajemnie ustanowionego horyzontu racjonalności i zaistnienia wspólnie kontrolowanej wiedzy.

 
Krajobrazy dźwiękowe jako przedmiot zainteresowań geografii
Authors: Bernat Sebastian
Published: April 2019

Celem badań, których wyniki przedstawiono w artykule było rozpoznanie roli krajobrazów dźwiękowych w studiach geograficznych. Nawiązano do podejścia humanistycznego (głównie fenomenologiczne), akcentującego potrzebę badania świata takiego, jaki jest postrzegany przez ludzi, czyli konkretów codziennego życia. Przedstawiono dorobek naukowy ekologii akustycznej w Polsce. Na koniec wskazano zastosowania studiów krajobrazu dźwiękowego. Badania krajobrazu dźwiękowego są przykładem przekraczania granic poznania w geografii. Jest to perspektywiczny kierunek badawczy w geografii i planowaniu przestrzennym.

 
Obowiązki ze sfery bhp w zatrudnieniu niepracowniczym
Authors: Mędrala Małgorzata Maria
Published: April 2019

Artykuł opisuje obowiązki pracodawców w sferze bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy w stosunku do niepracowników. Autorka podkreśla, iż bezpieczeństwo i higiena pracy są ważne nie tylko w stosunku do osób zatrudnionych na podstawie stosunku pracy, ale także osób pracujących na podstawie zatrudnienia cywilnoprawnego. Opracowanie zamyka konkluzja, że regulacje dotyczące omawianej materii odnoszące się do osób zatrudnionych na podstawie stosunku pracy oraz umów cywilnoprawnych nie są w pewnych aspektach sprawiedliwe.
Unia bankowa jako element europejskiej sieci bezpieczeństwa finansowego
Authors: Węcławski Jerzy
Published: April 2019

Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim.
Uczone kobiety w dobie przedchrześcijańskiej (poetki, filozofki, lekarki, alchemiczki)
Authors: Zamorzanka Anna Z.
Published: April 2019

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja kilkunastu kobiet, które żyły w czasach przedchrześcijańskich. Bohaterki nasze zajmowały się z powodzeniem różnymi dziedzinami wiedzy, zdobywając już za życia uznanie i sławę. Są wśród nich poetki Safona i Erynna, filozofki Arete i Hypatia, lekarka Antiochis i alchemiczka Maria Żydówka. Autorka przedstawiając ich życie i omawiając ich twórczość, dochodzi do wniosku, iż bardzo dobrze radziły sobie w świecie, w którym prawa ustanawiali przede wszystkim mężczyźni. Ma też nadzieję, iż ich przykład przynajmniej częściowo zmieni wyobrażenia o kobietach żyjących w starożytności.
Edukacja podmiotowa a twórczość w kl. I–III
Authors: Magda-Adamowicz Marzenna
Published: April 2019

Edukacja przedmiotowa i praca nauczycieli z uczniami bierze swój początek z opozycji przeciwko konceptom behawioralnym i czerpie inspirację z założeń psychologii humanistycznej. W trakcie pedagogicznej pracy artystycznej nauczyciel odkrywa nie tylko talenty swoich uczniów, ale również swoje zdolności artystyczne i swoje wewnętrzne „ja”. W rzeczywistości stara się on znaleźć sposób na odnalezienie samego siebie przez komunikowanie się ze swoim wewnętrznym „ja” oraz innymi ludźmi poprzez sztukę. Prace tworzone przez kreatywnego nauczyciela wynikają z refleksji odzwierciedlających jego świadomość, cele i pragnienia, które są dla niego najważniejsze. Wyniki badań nad pracą kreatywnego nauczyciela, które przedtem nie były postrzegane jako znaczące, różnią się od postawionych hipotez. Przedstawione cele pracy artystycznej są wytycznymi dla edukacji przedmiotowej.
HEAVY METALS (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) UPTAKE BY SPRING BARLEY IN POLLUTED SOILS
Authors: Ryzhenko Nataliija O. , Kavetsky S. V. , Kavetsky Volodymyr M.
Published: April 2019

Accumulation of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu (HM) by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from sod podzolic sandy loam and chernozem soils, impacted by heavy metals pollution in the soils, is studied in the article. The aim of study has been to determine spring barley bioaccumulation capacity impacted by the HM pollution with the high level of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu concentration in soils. The HM concentration diapason caused biomass reduction – the scope of toxic tolerance was obtained. The range of contaminants concentration in soil, which caused the plant biomass reduction, from the beginning to plants death – the scope of toxic tolerance, is the index of a species reaction on selected xenobiotic. It shows: “threshold” concentration of a contaminant that caused a plant biomass inhibition; toxic process development and the correlation between contaminants concentration in soil and/or plant and the plants inhibition; the concentration that caused the plant death. Spring barley accumulation indexes of the studied metals were calculated. Relevant scopes of the plant-uptake index for each metal were calculated. Dynamics of the toxic process development of spring barley as impacted by the pollution in the break-down by studied metals were observed on two different soils. Toxic process dynamic evaluation gives the possibility to simulate concentration of the trace metal in plants, concentration of available forms of these elements in soils, and also contamination level (content of metals) that caused plants height and plant weight reduction by 10%, 50% and 90%.

 

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu zanieczyszczenia gleb piaszczysto-gliniastych bielicowych i czarnoziemów przez matale ciężkie (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) na biakumulację tych pierwiastków w jęczmieniu jarym (Hordeum vulgare L.). Podwyższone stężenie metali ciężkich spowodowało spadek plonu biomasy (od 10 do 90%). Stwierdzono, że im wyższe stężenie pierwiastków w glebie tym reakcja negatywna roślin była większa, aż do zamierania roślin. Wyliczono wskaźniki akumulacji dla każdego z pierwiastków metali. Ocena dynamiki procesu zanieczyszczenia gleb przez metale ciężkie (na podstawie wskaźników akumulacji) daje możliwość stymulowania stężenia tych pierwiastków w glebie.
The Meglen Vlachs (Megleno-Romanians) of Serbia: a Community on the Verge of Extinction
Authors: Sorescu-Marinković Annemarie , Măran Mircea
Published: April 2019

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie społeczności megleno-wołoskiej w Serbii, zamieszkującej kilka wsi położonych nieopodal granicy z Rumunią. Z powodu niewielkiej liczby mieszkańców społeczność ta nie była do tej pory znana środowisku naukowemu czy większości mieszkańców [Serbii]. Megleno-Wołosi przybyli tutaj w latach pięćdziesiątych XX stulecia z miejscowości Huma (obecnie na obszarze Byłej Jugosławiańskiej Republiki Macedonii) i pozostawali “niewidzialni” w oficjalnych statystykach, będąc “ukrytymi” wśród macedońskich kolonistów, a ich zadanie polegało na ponownym zasiedleniu, wspólnie z innymi Jugosłowianami, dawnych wsi niemieckich. Jednakże już wkrótce wielu spośród nich powróciło do domów, osiedliło się w innych miejscowościach na terenie Macedonii lub wyemigrowało do państw zachodnioeuropejskich. Dzisiaj dialektem megleno-wołoskim czynnie posługuje się kilkoro ludzi (terminal speaker, wedle terminologii lingwistycznej), urodzonych w okresie międzywojennym. W artykule postarano się udzielić odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy dialekt ten pozostaje mocno zagrożony, czy też już stał się językiem zdezaktualizowanym. Pokazano też, że lingwistyczna i kulturowa przyszłość Megleno-Wołochów w Serbii nieuchronnie zmierza ku akulturacji i asymilacji.
Idaho's Water
Authors: Kaiser Kendra , Freemuth John
Published: April 2019

. While the Treasure Valley is water rich, the East Snake River Plain has used collaborative governance to curb decreasing aquifer levels. Collaborative governance allows all stakeholders a seat at the table, supporting the development and involvement of these groups could be a useful mechanism for representing the perspectives and interests of all Idahoans.

. Water supply might change in the future, particularly the timing of peak streamflow. This has major implications for irrigation in the valley.

. We do not currently have enough data and information to confidently determine how growth of the urban area and loss of agricultural land will impact total water needs in the Treasure Valley. Density of urban growth and associated urban outdoor water use are major factors of uncertainty.

. Creative market solutions could be a valuable tool for trading water, but they need sufficient oversight in their development to decrease the risk of rural communities losing their water to urban growth. There are examples of these markets being successful in other growing western cities.

. Water quality has been improving in some areas due to innovative solutions and stakeholder engagement.
Статья-автокомментарий: потенциал смыслов (И. С. Тургенев, И. А. Гончаров)
Authors: Володина Наталья
Published: April 2019

Статья посвящена писательскому комментарию к своим произведениям: И. С. Тургенева – к роману Отцы и дети, И. А. Гончарова – к роману Обрыв. Оба автора выступили с пояснениями к произведениям, написанным значительно раньше, ибо спор о них продолжался и десятилетие спустя. Основные вопросы критиков и читателей были связаны с авторским отношением к герою-нигилисту: Евгению Базарову и Марку Волохову. Объясняя свою позицию, каждый писатель говорит о замысле романа, реконструирует процесс создания произведения, заново переживая его; и в то же время смотрит на созданный им текст уже со стороны. Попытка Тургенева и Гончарова объясниться с критиком и читателем «вне текста» дает возможность увидеть, какие потенциалы смысла оказываются для них наиболее важными, как соотносится это с тем, что «сказано» в самом произведении и что является «услышанным» читателем.
От научной фантастики к реализму: особенности художественного сознания Дмитрия Глуховского
Authors: Kozak Ewa
Published: April 2019

В статье проведен анализ научно-фантастических произведений Дмитрия Глуховского с точки зрения наличия реалистических мотивов и стремления писателя к реализму. В своих романах и рассказах Глуховский затрагивает настоящие проблемы современного российского общества: бесправие обычного человека перед системой, коррупция, цензура, фальсифицированные выборы, беззаконие, безнаказанность. Пытаясь показать вышеуказанные вопросы, в особенности в Рассказах о родине, романах Будущее и Метро 2035, Глуховский выходит за пределы фантастики. К этим, все еще актуальным, проблемам возвращается писатель и в его последнем, на этот раз реалистическом, романе Текст.
Issues of Kazakh language teaching in elementary classes in terms of the meta-subject approach
Authors: Zhumabayeva Zhazira , Uaisova Gulnar , Zhumabayeva Aziya , Uaidullakyzy Elmira , Karimova Raziya , Hamza Gauhar
Published: April 2019

It is well-known that in recent years, the attention has been paid to teaching language as a means of communication and learning. In this case, it is important to teach the Kazakh language from the very beginning in close connection with other educational fields, that is to say, teaching the language from the point of view of meta-subject approach. After all, the meta-subject approach to teaching the Kazakh language in different subject areas of primary education opens the way for the schoolchildren to understand the cognitive and communicative functions of the language. Therefore, in our paper, we have analysed the work of scientists who have studied the concept of â€˜metasubjectâ€™, â€˜meta-subject matter or double subjectâ€™ and studied the problem of meta-subject teaching. As a result, it has been concluded that the selected methodology, training system and task models allow to carry out meta-subject education of primary education subjects in order to achieve the proposed results.

Keywords: Meta-subject, meta-subjectivity, meta-subject approach, meta-subject result
Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Walking Limitations in Ethnically Diverse Older Latinos in the United States
Authors: Vasquez Elizabeth , Murrillo Rosenda , Echeverria Sandra
Published: April 2019

Walking is the most common form of physical activity and socially cohesive neighborhoods may provide the context for racially/ethnically diverse groups to maintain an active lifestyle, particularly at older ages. Among Latinos, the associa­tion between neighborhood cohesion and walking behaviors may additionally differ by Latino group. We examined the associa­tion between neighborhood social cohe­sion and walking limitations among Latinos overall and by specific Latino groups. We combined data from the 2013 to 2016 Na­tional Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and selected adults aged ≥60 years (n= 3,716). Walking limitations were assessed based on responses to the “experienced difficulty walking” survey question. Social cohesion was measured using four NHIS questions regarding neighborhood social cohesion. Logistic regression models were stratified by Latino subgroup. Mexican Americans repre­sented the largest proportion of the sample (55%). Cubans had the highest proportion of individuals reporting high neighborhood social cohesion (51%), while Dominicans had the lowest proportion (29%). In the total sample, those with high and medium neighborhood social cohesion reported lower odds of walking limitations. Although tests for interaction were not statistically significant, stratified analyses showed that all Latino groups had lower odds of walk­ing limitations if they lived in a high social cohesion neighborhood compared with low social cohesion neighborhoods. Our results suggest that neighborhood social cohe­sion is associated with walking limitations among diverse groups of older Latinos. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):247-252; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.2.247
IDENTIFICATION OF Mycobacterium tuberculosis BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) TEST AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MGG STAINING OF PLEURAL FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED TUBERCULOUS PLEURAL EFFUSION
Authors: Salmah Shelly , Culla Ariani Said
Published: April 2019

Pleural effusion is a condition characterized by the accumulation of excessive pleural fluid in pleural cavity as a result of transudation and exudation. The most commonly reported cause of exudative pleural effusion is Mycobaterium tuberculosis. This study was aimed to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural fluid through PCR test and to examine the relationship between PCR test and MGG staining of pleural fluid in patients with suspected tuberculous pleural effusion, which was performed in Clinical Pathological Laboratory Installation of dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital in Makassar and Faculty Research Unit Laboratory in Hasanuddin University from March to November 2012. This study was a cross sectional study. Subjects in this study consisted of 75 patients (41 males and 34 females[AA1] ) with average age of 40-49 years (30.7%). Pleural effusion patients with suspected tuberculosis who had a positive PCR result was 58.7%, negative PCR result was 41.3% and positive rivalta result in 82.7%, negative rivalta result in 17.3%. Statistical analysis using independent T-test indicated a non-significant relationship between PCR test and average MN and PMN cell percentage in MGG staining (P > 0.005). This study concluded that in MGG staining, average MN cell percentage was higher in PCR TB (+) group compared to PCR  (-) group, but the difference was not significant.
Acute Rupture of Achilles Tendon in an Adolescent with a History of Ponseti Casting and Achilles Tenotomy
Authors: Egger Anthony C. , Levine Ari D. , Mistovich R. Justin
Published: April 2019

Case:

We present the case of a 15-year-old girl who has a history of Ponseti casting followed by Achilles tenotomies for congenital clubfeet as an infant and subsequently suffered an acute traumatic midsubstance Achilles tendon rupture on the left and midsubstance Achilles tendinosis on the right.

Conclusions:

Traumatic pediatric Achilles ruptures are rare. There are no prior reported cases in patients with a history of Achilles tenotomy, despite it being a described potential complication. This case highlights the potential for an Achilles rupture years after tenotomy and presents surgical repair as a satisfactory treatment option for Achilles ruptures in adolescents.
Analysis of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Tuberculosis in War Affected Region of Khyber Paktunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: AHMAD TAUSEEF , Jadoon Muhammad Ayub , Khan Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Mumtaz , Hussain Akbar , Musa Taha Hussain , Waqar Muhammad , Ejeta Eyasu , Karami Manoochehr , Alene Kefyalew Addis , Jin Hui , Haroon
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Background

Globally, tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease. TB treatment outcome is an indicator for the effectiveness of a national TB control programs. This study aimed to assess treatment outcome of TB patients and its determinants in Batkhela, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was designed using all TB patients who were enrolled at District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Batkhela, Pakistan. Distribution of TB types, treatment outcome and associated factor with successful treatment was computed using SPSS version 20.0 software for windows.

Results

A total of 515 TB patients were registered, of which 237 (46%) were males and 278 (53.98%) females. Of the total, 234 (45.44%) were cured and 210 (40.77%) completed treatment with overall treatment success rate was 444 (86.21%). Age 0-20 years (AOR= 3.47; 95% CI= 1.54-7.81; P= 0.003), smear-positive pulmonary TB (SPPTB) (AOR= 3.58; 95% CI= 1.89-6.78; P= <0.001), treatment category (AOR= 4.71; 95% CI= 1.17-18.97; P= 0.029), and year of enrollment 2012 (AOR= 6.26; 95% CI= 2.52-15.59; P= <0.001) were significantly associated with successful treatment outcome.

Conclusions

The overall treatment success rate is satisfactory but still need to be improved to achieve the international targeted treatment outcome. An increase was observed in overall case-fatality rate during the study duration which is an alarming signal for public health.
Comparison of Penman–Monteith and Priestley‐Taylor Evapotranspiration Methods for Crop Modeling in Oklahoma
Authors: Akumaga Uvirkaa , Alderman Phillip D.
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas

The FAO‐56 estimates higher ET than Priestley‐Taylor under dry and windy conditions

Our simulations show higher ET estimates with FAO‐56 than Priestley‐Taylor during winter.

The rainfed simulations show a similar seasonal ET for both ET methods

Our results show that seasonal ET diverges for FAO‐56 and Priestley‐Taylor for irrigated simulations.

Analysis of this study show low yield and biomass for FAO‐56 than Priestley‐Taylor under rainfed simulations

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a key variable simulated by most crop simulation models using a variety of approaches. The objective of this study was to compare Priestley‐Taylor (PT) and FAO‐56 Penman–Monteith (FAO‐56 PM) PET methods when simulating crop evapotranspiration (ET), yield, and aboveground biomass in Oklahoma. The study used data from 87 weather stations across nine climate divisions to simulate maize, sorghum, soybean, and wheat crop growth and development in Oklahoma for 1998 to 2017. Our results show that seasonal crop ET estimated by PT was lower than FAO‐56 PM in most climate divisions and crops with average difference ranging from –10 to –1% for rainfed and from –21 to –1% for irrigated simulations. Differences in ET were greater for winter wheat than for maize, sorghum, and soybean. Additionally, differences in ET between methods were smaller in humid regions than in arid regions. Analysis of simulated rainfed yield and biomass showed higher values with PT for all crops except in the most humid climate divisions. However, under full irrigation, the yield differences between PT and FAO‐56 PM were very low and ranged between 0–2% for all crops. In conclusion, this study confirmed that PT estimation of ET could be significantly different from FAO‐56 PM especially in the arid and semiarid regions and during the winter under rainfed conditions. However, the differences in ET estimation did not affect yield and biomass simulation under full irrigation because the impact of soil water balance on the crop growth simulation was removed.
In Situ Measurement of Nitrate Flux and Attenuation Using a Soil Passive Flux Meter
Authors: Desormeaux Amanda , Annable Michael D. , Dobberfuhl Dean , Jawitz James W.
Published: April 2019

This work enhances our understanding of catchment‐scale N budgets by demonstrating the modification and application of a simple method for direct in situ measurements of vadose zone nitrate leaching and attenuation. We developed a soil passive flux meter (SPFM) to measure solute leaching based on a modified design of ion‐exchange resin columns, and we tested the design in numerical simulations, laboratory experiments, plot‐scale field experiments, and a catchment‐scale field deployment. Our design minimized flow divergence around the resin column to attain nearly 100% capture of surface applied tracers in plot‐ and catchment‐scale deployments. We found that mixing resin with native soil and extending the column height 10 cm above the resin layer minimized divergence of soil water around the column, resulting in a field‐measured convergence factor (χ) of 1.3 that was consistent with numerical simulations. For catchment‐scale testing, SPFMs were used at nine sites in three dominant land uses (crop, pasture, and turf) with known N inputs in two deployments, one during the 4‐mo wet season and an additional set during the 8‐mo dry season, to obtain integral annual measures of soil nitrate fluxes. In situ measured nitrate leaching determined from the SPFMs was positively correlated with known N inputs (R2 = 0.55, p < 0.05) and attenuation averaged 67% (± 24% SD) of inputs across all sites. Although N inputs explain a large portion of the variability, our results emphasize the importance of both inter‐ and intra‐land use variability in landscape‐scale N budgets.

Core Ideas

We developed a soil passive flux meter (SPFM) to measure solute leaching in situ.

Our design minimized flow divergence around the resin column (nearly 100% capture).

The SPFMs provided robust and accurate measurements of soil nitrate leaching.

The SPFMs, together with N input data, enabled assessment of nitrate attenuation.
Predicting Phosphate Release from Sewage Sludge Ash Using an Ion Sink Assay
Authors: Nanzer Simone , Oberson Astrid , Eggenberger Urs , Frossard Emmanuel
Published: April 2019

Thermochemical treatments allow production of sewage sludge ash (SSA) rich in P and low in heavy metals, which could be recycled in agriculture. Our objective was to quantify P release from SSA using ion sink assays and to relate these results to P speciation in SSA and plant P uptake. Anion and cation exchange membranes saturated with different counterions (HCO3, Na, and H) were used to create a gradient in pH, P, or cation concentration between SSA particles and the surrounding solution. Phosphorus speciation in SSA was assessed using X‐ray powder diffraction, and plant P uptake was determined in a pot experiment with an acidic and a neutral soil. Four SSA products were investigated: a SSA thermochemically treated with CaCl2 or MgCl2 (SSA Ca/Mg), a SSA blended with KCl, and a SSA blended with KCl and triple superphosphate (TSP) to obtain a marketable 12–20 P–K fertilizer. The H membranes dissolved all P species present in SSA. Combined HCO3/Na membranes extracted diffusible P and noncrystalline P from SSA Ca/Mg and stanfieldite from SSA Mg. Blending with KCl hardly changed P release from SSA, whereas blending with TSP masked P release. The amount of P extracted from SSA by combined HCO3/Na membranes was correlated to plant P use in the acid soil, whereas the amount of P extracted by HCO3 membranes alone was correlated to P use in the neutral soil. In conclusion, the ion sink assays delivered information on P release that was related to both SSA mineralogy and P use by plants.

Core Ideas

Ion exchange membranes are proposed to predict P release from sewage sludge ash (SSA) products.

Combined HCO3/Na membranes extract diffusible and noncrystalline P from SSA products.

Combined HCO3/Na membranes extract P from stanfieldite in MgCl2–treated SSA products.

Hydrogen‐saturated membranes solubilized most of the P present in SSA products.

Blending CaCl2–treated SSA with KCl does not affect the amounts of extractable P.
Soil Compaction Effects on Root‐Zone Hydrology and Vegetation in Boreal Forest Clearcuts
Authors: Hansson Linnea , Šimůnek Jirka , Ring Eva , Bishop Kevin , Gärdenäs Annemieke I.
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas

Impact of forwarding on soil water and vegetation was investigated after 4 to 5 years.

Soil water content was highest in wheel tracks and lowest between tracks.

Bare soil was more frequent in tracks and between tracks than in undisturbed soil.

In wheel tracks, soil aeration may be restricted in periods with high precipitation.

Simulated root‐zone pressure heads showed little variation between microsites.

Soil compaction is a common consequence of forestry traffic traversing unprotected, moist soils; it decreases porosity and affects hydraulic conductivity even in coarse‐textured soils. The aim here was to study root‐zone hydrology and vegetation in three microsites (in, between, and beside wheel tracks) 4 to 5 yr after forwarder traffic, on stony and sandy till soils in two clearcuts in northern Sweden. Measurements of soil volumetric water content (VWC), vegetation indicators and one‐dimensional hydrological modeling (Hydrus‐1D) of wheel tracks and undisturbed soil were conducted. Soil VWC was monitored hourly during 2017 and 2018 in three or four plots along a slope on each site. Soil VWC was also measured once with a portable sensor in 117 plots along two slopes at each site, where the vegetation was recorded and analyzed using Ellenberg indicator indexes. Soil VWC was highest in wheel tracks and lowest between tracks; this was corroborated by the species composition in the wheel tracks (Ellenberg indicator for soil moisture). Bare soil was more frequent in wheel tracks and between tracks than in undisturbed soil. The model simulations indicated that the changed soil hydraulic properties influenced the VWC results in the wheel tracks. However, the differences in average pressure heads in the root zone were small between the microsites and only apparent during dry periods. In the wheel tracks, air‐filled porosity was <0.10 m3 m−3, indicating insufficient soil aeration during 82% (Site T) and 23% (Site R) of the 2017 growing season. Insufficient aeration could be one explanation for the presence of some still unvegetated areas.
Automation of Business Processes in Education as a Tool of Effective Management
Authors: Ананьев Павел , Ananieva Pavel , Кайгородова Марина , Kaigorodova Marina
Published: April 2019

: The development of the digital economy and the modernization of education in Russia necessitate the automation of business processes in the education. The research features the management of educational activities in university. The paper describes the process of creating a single automated information system for university management. The research objective was to identify the main elements of a single automated information system related to the management of educational activities in university and their compliance with legislation in the field of education of the Russian Federation. To provide a systematic approach to the solution of the problem, the authors used the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, formalization, and modeling. The article introduces aninformation systems based on different approaches, their advantages and disadvantages. It describes the subsystems that automate the main business processes related to the management of educational activities in the Altai State Technical University. The case can help to solve similar problems in other educational organizations.
Digital Economy in Engineering as a Basis for Future Competences in the Process of Industrial Plant Management
Authors: Грабова Ольга , Grabova Olga , Грабов Антон , Grabov Anton
Published: April 2019

The article focuses on the issue of economic competences formation in digital economy for engineering education. The systematic approach is considered to be the key method to solve this issue. The authors describe the essence of digital economy and the model of its influence on social-economic dynamics and economic relationships. The article underlines the analytical importance of reproduction processes tendencies in economic relationships and institutions under current conditions of the fourth industrial revolution. These reproduction processes affect the field of education. Under current conditions of international exchange and economic relationships, Russia implements the unprofitable and futile model where exhaustible natural rent is exchanged for intellectual assets that consist of information and communication production and technologies. The paper introduces a digital economy module for engineering education. It works in the system of higher education in the Federal State Educational standards 3++ format. The paper describes the formation principles, competence, and didactic content of this module. The basic formation principles of the module include: a) the priority of National digital technologies which confirmed their efficiency on the Russian Market; b) traineeship and professional development in the field of digital economics.