bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Machine Learning–Based Assessment of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes on Standard Histologic Images With Outcomes of Immunotherapy in Patients With NSCLC
Authors: Rakaee Mehrdad , Adib Elio , Ricciuti Biagio , Sholl Lynette M. , Shi Weiwei , Alessi Joao V. , Cortellini Alessio , Fulgenzi Claudia A. M. , Viola Patrizia , Pinato David J. , Hashemi Sayed , Bahce Idris , Houda Ilias , Ulas Ezgi B. , Radonic Teodora , Väyrynen Juha P. , Richardsen Elin , Jamaly Simin , Andersen Sigve , Donnem Tom , Awad Mark M. , Kwiatkowski David J.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Currently, predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in lung cancer are limited. Identifying such biomarkers would be useful to refine patient selection and guide precision therapy.

Objective

To develop a machine-learning (ML)-based tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) scoring approach, and to evaluate TIL association with clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multicenter retrospective discovery-validation cohort study included 685 ICI-treated patients with NSCLC with median follow-up of 38.1 and 43.3 months for the discovery (n = 446) and validation (n = 239) cohorts, respectively. Patients were treated between February 2014 and September 2021. We developed an ML automated method to count tumor, stroma, and TIL cells in whole-slide hematoxylin-eosin–stained images of NSCLC tumors. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression were assessed separately, and clinical response to ICI therapy was determined by medical record review. Data analysis was performed from June 2021 to April 2022.

Exposures

All patients received anti–PD-(L)1 monotherapy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were determined by blinded medical record review. The area under curve (AUC) of TIL levels, TMB, and PD-L1 in predicting ICI response were calculated using ORR.

Results

Overall, there were 248 (56%) women in the discovery cohort and 97 (41%) in the validation cohort. In a multivariable analysis, high TIL level (≥250 cells/mm2) was independently associated with ICI response in both the discovery (PFS: HR, 0.71; P = .006; OS: HR, 0.74; P = .03) and validation (PFS: HR = 0.80; P = .01; OS: HR = 0.75; P = .001) cohorts. Survival benefit was seen in both first- and subsequent-line ICI treatments in patients with NSCLC. In the discovery cohort, the combined models of TILs/PD-L1 or TMB/PD-L1 had additional specificity in differentiating ICI responders compared with PD-L1 alone. In the PD-L1 negative (<1%) subgroup, TIL levels had superior classification accuracy for ICI response (AUC = 0.77) compared with TMB (AUC = 0.65).

Conclusions and Relevance

In these cohorts, TIL levels were robustly and independently associated with response to ICI treatment. Patient TIL assessment is relatively easily incorporated into the workflow of pathology laboratories at minimal additional cost, and may enhance precision therapy.
Rates of Routine Cancer Screening and Diagnosis Before vs After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oakes Allison H. , Boyce Kelly , Patton Catherine , Jain Sanjula
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study analyzes patterns in the rates of routine screening and diagnosis for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bilateral Macular Vortex Veins in Oculocutaneous Albinism
Authors: Lobo Simonne , Pradeep Neethu , Rajendran Anand
Published: November 2022

This case report describes a female patient aged 56 years with bilateral macular vortex veins and a history of oculocutaneous albinism who presented with photophobia and decreased vision since birth.
Associations of Alzheimer Disease–Protective APOE Variants With Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Rasmussen Katrine L. , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth
Published: November 2022

Importance

The association of major lipid genes with and their potential as drug targets for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unknown. These associations are important to study because AMD is the leading cause of irreversible late-onset blindness in high-income countries.

Objective

To determine whether the full range of structural genetic variation in apolipoprotein E (APOE), a master gene in peripheral and cerebral lipid metabolism, is associated with risk of AMD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) and the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) cohorts. Participants were followed from study inclusion at the time of blood sampling to occurrence of event, death, emigration, or December 7, 2018, whichever came first. For participants in CCHS, the APOE gene was sequenced, and 9 variants with a heterozygote frequency of at least 0.0002 were genotyped in the CGPS. Observers were masked to patient groupings. Data were analyzed from March to September 2021.

Exposures

The exposure was APOE status, and the direct gene product in plasma, apoE levels, was measured in all participants.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cox regression was applied to estimate risk of AMD associated with APOE genotype.

Results

A total of 105 546 participants (mean [SD] age, 57.7 [13.4] years; 58 140 [55%] female participants) were included. Compared with participants with the common ɛ33 genotype, risk of AMD was lower in participants with ε44 (multifactorially adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.96) and ε43 (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.90) genotypes and higher in the ε32 (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.31) genotype. Compared with noncarriers, risk of AMD was higher for participants with Gly145Asp (aHR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.14-10.96) and Arg154Cys (aHR, 4.52; 95% CI, 1-13-18.13) heterozygotes. Results were similar after further adjustment for lipid traits and after adjustment for the APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 variant. Combining all common and rare structural variants in a weighted allele score, risk of AMD per 1-mg/dL genetically higher plasma apoE was increased in the adjusted model (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19), the adjusted model plus APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 status (aHR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.20-2.76), and the adjusted model in individuals with the ε33 genotype only (aHR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.14-2.75).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings highlight that structural variation in APOE beyond the ε2/ε3/ε4 variants may be important for risk of AMD in a population of European ancestry. Rare functional ɛ2-like variants in APOE have previously been reported to have protective associations for Alzheimer disease but the present findings suggest a simultaneous high risk of AMD. This would limit the drug target potential of mechanisms resembling these variants.
2D Functionalized Germananes: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Ng Siowwoon , Pumera Martin
Published: November 2022

In the realm of 2D layered materials, the monoelemental group 14 Xene, germanene, as the germanium analog of graphene, has emerged as the next prospective candidate. Preceded by silicon, germanium is widely used in the semiconductor industry; thus, germanene is deemed compatible with existing semiconductor technologies. Germanene consists of mixed sp2–sp3‐hybridized networks in a buckled hexagonal honeycomb structure. Chemical exfoliation of Zintl phases, such as CaGe2, specifically the topotactical deintercalation in acidic media, removes the alkaline earth metal ions Ca2+, giving rise to layered germanane (germanene with the Ge centers covalently saturated with terminal hydrogen atoms). Diverse variants of functionalized germananes (with covalent group(s) termination) can be obtained by varying the topotactical deintercalation precursors, elevating the game with limitless functionalization possibilities for customizable properties or new functionalities. The preparation of Zintl phases to the details of functionalized and modified germananes and their properties, and the additional exfoliation step to achieve mono‐ or few‐layer germananes, are comprehensively covered. The progress and challenges of 2D functionalized germananes in optoelectronics, catalysis, energy conversion and storage, sensors, and biomedical areas are reviewed. This review provides insight into designing and exploring this class of atomically thin semiconductors in realizing future nanoarchitectonics.
High Efficient Solar Cell Based on Heterostructure Constructed by Graphene and GaAs Quantum Wells
Authors: Yu Xutao , Dai Yue , Lu Yanghua , Liu Chang , Yan Yanfei , Shen Runjiang , Yang Zunshan , Feng Lixuan , Sun Lijie , Liu Yong , Lin Shisheng
Published: November 2022

Despite the fascinating optoelectronic properties of graphene, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of graphene based solar cells remains to be lifted up. Herein, it is experimentally shown that the graphene/quantum wells/GaAs heterostructure solar cell can reach a PCE of 20.2% and an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) as high as 1.16 V at 90 K. The high efficiency is a result of carrier multiplication (CM) effect of graphene in the graphene/GaAs heterostructure. Especially, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) in the ultraviolet wavelength can be improved up to 72.2% based on the heterostructure constructed by graphene/In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs0.75P0.25 quantum wells/GaAs. The EQE increases as the light wavelength decreases, which indicates more carriers can be effectively excited by the higher energy photons through CM effect. Owing to these physical characters, the graphene/GaAs heterostructure solar cell will provide a possible way to exceed Shockley–Queisser (S–Q) limit.
Surface Functionalization of Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with MgAlEu‐LDH Nanosheets for High‐Performance Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wang Guanyun , Lv Zehui , Wang Tao , Hu Tingting , Bian Yixin , Yang Yu , Liang Ruizheng , Tan Chaoliang , Weng Xisheng
Published: November 2022

Although artificial bone repair scaffolds, such as titanium alloy, bioactive glass, and hydroxyapatite (HAp), have been widely used for treatment of large‐size bone defects or serious bone destruction, they normally exhibit unsatisfied bone repair efficiency because of their weak osteogenic and angiogenesis performance as well as poor cell crawling and adhesion properties. Herein, the surface functionalization of MgAlEu‐layered double hydroxide (MAE‐LDH) nanosheets on porous HAp scaffolds is reported as a simple and effective strategy to prepare HAp/MAE‐LDH scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration. The surface functionalization of MAE‐LDHs on the porous HAp scaffold can significantly improve its surface roughness, specific surface, and hydrophilicity, thus effectively boosting the cells adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. Importantly, the MAE‐LDHs grown on HAp scaffolds enable the sustained release of Mg2+ and Eu3+ ions for efficient bone repair and vascular regeneration. In vitro experiments suggest that the HAp/MAE‐LDH scaffold presents much enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis properties in comparison with the pristine HAp scaffold. In vivo assays further reveal that the new bone mass and mineral density of HAp/MAE‐LDH scaffold increased by 3.18‐ and 2.21‐fold, respectively, than that of pristine HAp scaffold. The transcriptome sequencing analysis reveals that the HAp/MAE‐LDH scaffold can activate the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway to promote the osteogenic and angiogenic abilities.
Flexible and Transparent Ionic Liquids/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Composition‐Gradient Piezo‐Active Composites for Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Bao Hao , Ma Yizhou , Sun Jiatai , Zhao Qiuying , Yang Lu , Hou Ying , He Haiyan , Huang Huajie , Ji Hongli , Qiu Jinhao
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, the advent of pressure sensors for intelligence terminal devices and skin‐inspired electronics has trigged rapid development of flexible, sensitive, and transparent sensing materials. Piezo‐active poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is emerging as a promising candidate for sensing components due to the flexible and transparent features. However, the inherent weak piezo‐activity and consequently low sensitivity of PVDF remains a challenge for its sensing applications. Herein, ionic liquids ([EMIM]Cl) additive combined with a composition‐gradient multilayered architecture design are employed to hardness the piezo‐response of PVDF. The resultant composites present ultra‐high piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 39 pC N−1, which is 2.78 times that of PVDF. Meanwhile, the transparent ILs dopant enables the composites with superior transparency (87%). With notable advantages of high transparency and piezoelectricity, the ILs/PVDF composites exhibit high sensitivity of 0.0423 V N−1, ultra‐fast recovery time of 0.2 ms and stable operation capability when coupled with metal electrodes, confirming their applicability for reliable pressure sensor.
Transmission factors and exposure to infections at work and invasive pneumococcal disease
Authors: Torén Kjell , Albin Maria , Alderling Magnus , Schiöler Linus , Åberg Maria
Published: November 2022

Background

Working in close contacts with coworkers or the general public may be associated with transmission of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We investigated whether crowded workplaces, sharing surfaces, and exposure to infections were factors associated with IPD.

Methods

We studied 3,968 cases of IPD, and selected six controls for each case from the Swedish population registry with each control being assigned the index date of their corresponding case. We linked job histories to job‐exposure matrices to assess different transmission dimensions of pneumococci, as well as occupational exposure to fumes. We used adjusted conditional logistic analyses to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for IPD with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results

ORs for IPD for the different transmission dimensions were increased moderately but were statistically significant. Compared to home‐working or working alone, the highest odds was for Working mostly outside, or partly inside (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04−1.38). Estimates were higher in men for all dimensions, compared to women. The odds for IPD for Working mostly outside, or partly inside were 1.33 (95% CI 1.13−1.56) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.55−1.14) for men and women, respectively. Higher odds were seen for all transmission dimensions among those exposed to fumes, although CIs included unity. Contact with ill or infected patients did not increase the odds for IPD.

Conclusion

IPD was associated with working in close contact with coworkers or the general public, and with outside work, especially for men. Contact with infected patients or persons was not associated with IPD.
Visible Light‐Mediated Reactions of β‐Nitroalkenes
Authors: Sivanandan Sudheesh T. , Jesline Mukkath J. , Nair Divya K. , Kumar Tarun
Published: November 2022

Organic transformations using visible light‐mediated photoredox reactions received significant attention in the past several years. Recently, nitroalkenes have emerged as an excellent coupling partner in the visible light‐mediated photoredox reactions. Due to the easy availability and diverse reactivity, several methodologies are reported on the photoredox‐mediated reactions of nitroalkenes to attain different types of alkenes and heterocycles. Variety of reactions including denitrative coupling reactions, addition reactions and cycloadditions, etc. are reported. However, a review that focuses entirely on this topic has not appeared yet. Considering the synthetic potential of these class of reactions, we provide a summary of various methodologies developed for the reactions of nitroalkenes under visible light photoredox catalysis.
Utility of 4‐Amino‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole Directing Group in the Pd(II)‐catalyzed Arylation of γ‐C−H Bonds of Carboxamides and β‐C‐H Bonds of Amino Acid Carboxamides
Authors: Bisht Narendra , Arulananda Babu Srinivasarao , Tomar Radha
Published: November 2022

Expanding the availability, scope, and limitations of directing groups (DGs) for executing the site‐selective C−H activation and functionalization and substrate scope development are valuable efforts. This paper reports the scope and extension of the utility of the 4‐amino‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (ABTD) directing group in the Pd(II)‐catalyzed arylation of remote sp2/sp3 γ‐C−H bonds of aromatic carboxamides and sp3 β‐C−H bonds of amino acid carboxamides. The performance of the ABTD DG in the arylation of remote γ‐C−H bonds of carboxamides and sp3 β‐C−H bonds of amino acid carboxamides was compared with other known DGs. For example, we have observed that the mono arylation of the methyl sp3 β‐C−H bonds of alanine carboxamide possessing the ABTD DG with iodopyridine yielded the pyridylalanine derivative. Conversely, the same reaction using 8‐AQ DG did not yield the expected pyridylalanine derivative. Furthermore, 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole moiety‐containing compounds are an important class of molecules in materials chemistry and medicinally relevant molecules. While this work reveals the utility of ABTD as the DG in the Pd(II)‐catalyzed C−H arylation of carboxamides including amino acid derivatives. On the other hand, indirectly the process of ABTD‐aided C−H arylation reactions has enabled to accomplish the synthesis of a library of 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole moiety containing new carboxamides.
Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed Construction of D‐A Type Polyheteroaromatics with Fluorinated Benzothiadiazole as a Modifiable Acceptor Block
Authors: Gribanov Pavel S. , Vorobyeva Daria V. , Tokarev Sergey D. , Loginov Dmitry A. , Danshina Anastasya A. , Masoud Salekh M. , Osipov Sergey N.
Published: November 2022

An efficient pathway to a new family of fluorinated polyheteroaromatic D‐A molecules has been developed. The method is based on the Rh(III)‐catalyzed regioselective [4+2]‐annulation ofN‐(pivaloyloxy)‐benzamides with 4‐ethynyl‐5,6‐difluoro‐7‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole as a key step followed by the aromatization/Suzuki coupling sequence to furnish the target D‐A systems with modifiable acceptor block. The discovered difference in reactivity between ArB(OH)2and ArBPin allows performing a divergent modification of BTD acceptor block by the manipulation of aryl boronic reagents in theortho‐selective C−F activation of the fluorinated BTD moiety under Suzuki reaction conditions to furnish new D1‐π‐A‐D2systems in good yields. Such step‐by‐step modification of the acceptor block has been achieved by Pd‐catalyzed C−F bond activation under isoquinoline ring assistance for the first time.
Testing for personality consistency across naturally occurring behavioral contexts in sanctuary chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Chotard Hélène , Bard Kim A. , Micheletta Jérôme , Davila‐Ross Marina
Published: November 2022

Personality is both a reflection of the bio‐behavioral profile of individuals and a summary of how they typically interact with their physical and social world. Personality is usually defined as having distinct behavioral characteristics, which are assumed to be consistent over time and across contexts. Like other mammals, primates have individual differences in personality. Although temporal consistency is sometimes measured in primates, and contextual consistency is sometimes measured across experimental contexts, it is rare to measure both in the same individuals and outside of experimental settings. Here, we aim to measure both temporal and contextual consistency in chimpanzees, assessing their personality with behavioral observations from naturally occurring contexts (i.e., real‐life settings). We measured personality‐based behaviors in 22 sanctuary chimpanzees, in the contexts of feeding, affiliation, resting, and solitude, across two time periods, spanning 4 years. Of the 22 behaviors recorded, about 64% were consistent across two to four contexts and 50% were consistent over time. Ten behaviors loaded significantly onto three trait components: explorativeness, boldness‐sociability, and anxiety‐sociability, as revealed by factor analysis. Like others, we documented individual differences in the personality of chimpanzees based on reliably measured observations in real‐life contexts. Furthermore, we demonstrated relatively strong, but not absolute, temporal, and contextual consistency in personality‐based behaviors. We also found another aspect of individual differences in personality, specifically, the extent to which individual chimpanzees show consistency. Some individuals showed contextual and temporal consistency, whereas others show significant variation across behaviors, contexts, and/or time. We speculate that the relative degree of consistency in personality may vary within chimpanzees. It may be that different primate species vary in the extent to which individuals show consistency of personality traits. Our behavioral‐based assessment can be used with wild populations, increasing the validity of personality studies, facilitating comparative studies and potentially being applicable to conservation efforts.
Photocatalytic Deuterium Atom Transfer Deuteration of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes with High Functional Group Tolerance
Authors: Suzuki Akihiko , Kamei Yuji , Yamashita Masaaki , Seino Yusuke , Yamaguchi Yuto , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Kojima Masahiro , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: November 2022

Due to its mild reaction conditions and unique chemoselectivity, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) hydrogenation represents an indispensable method for the synthesis of complex molecules. Its analog using deuterium, deuterium atom transfer (DAT) deuteration, is expected to enable access to complex deuterium‐labeled compounds. However, DAT deuteration has been scarcely studied for synthetic purposes, and a method that possesses the favorable characteristics of HAT hydrogenations has remained elusive. Herein, we report a protocol for the photocatalytic DAT deuteration of electron‐deficient alkenes. In contrast to the previous DAT deuteration, this method tolerates a variety of synthetically useful functional groups including haloarenes. The late‐stage deuteration also allows access to deuterated amino acids as well as donepezil‐d2. Thus, this work demonstrates the potential of DAT chemistry to become the alternative method of choice for preparing deuterium‐containing molecules.
Iterative learning control applied to distributed‐order linear time invariant MIMO systems to achieve learnability
Authors: Ángeles‐Ramírez Oscar A. , Fernández‐Anaya Guillermo , Muñoz‐Vázquez Aldo J. , Sánchez‐Torres Juan D. , Meléndez‐Vázquez Fidel
Published: November 2022

Sufficient and necessary conditions for a distributed‐order linear time invariant system to be positive real are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The positive realness condition is derived for three of the most usual cases presented in literature, in the realm of distributed‐order linear time invariant systems. As an additional product of this paper, the strictly positive realness condition can be derived. In addition, the concept of learnability of fractional‐order multi‐input multi‐output systems is extended to the case of distributed‐order systems, which is approached from the concept of output‐dissipativity by using an iterative learning scheme.
Chromosomal breaks at the origin of small tandem DNA duplications
Authors: Schimmel Joost , van Wezel Marloes D. , van Schendel Robin , Tijsterman Marcel
Published: November 2022

Small tandem DNA duplications in the range of 15 to 300 base‐pairs play an important role in the aetiology of human disease and contribute to genome diversity. Here, we discuss different proposed mechanisms for their occurrence and argue that this type of structural variation mainly results from mutagenic repair of chromosomal breaks. This hypothesis is supported by both bioinformatical analysis of insertions occurring in the genome of different species and disease alleles, as well as by CRISPR/Cas9‐based experimental data from different model systems. Recent work points to fill‐in synthesis at double‐stranded DNA breaks with complementary sequences, regulated by end‐joining mechanisms, to account for small tandem duplications. We will review the prevalence of small tandem duplications in the population, and we will speculate on the potential sources of DNA damage that could give rise to this mutational signature. With the development of novel algorithms to analyse sequencing data, small tandem duplications are now more frequently detected in the human genome and identified as oncogenic gain‐of‐function mutations. Understanding their origin could lead to optimized treatment regimens to prevent therapy‐induced activation of oncogenes and might expose novel vulnerabilities in cancer.
Artificial induction of chromosome aneuploidy in CHO cells alters their function as host cells
Authors: Yamano‐Adachi Noriko , Nakanishi Yuto , Tanaka Wataru , Lai YuanShan , Yamazaki Masahiro , Zenner Laura , Hata Hirofumi , Omasa Takeshi
Published: November 2022

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are major host cells for biopharmaceuticals. During culture, the chromosome number of CHO cells alters spontaneously. Here, we investigated the effects of artificial changes in the chromosome number on productivity. When cell fusion between antibody‐producing CHO‐K1‐derived cells was induced, we observed a wide range of aneuploidy that was not detected in controls. In particular, antibody productivities were high in clone‐derived cell populations that retained a diverse chromosome number distribution. We also induced aneuploid cells using 3‐aminobenzamide that causes chromosome non‐disjunction. After induction of aneuploidy by 3‐aminobenzamide, cells with an increased chromosome number were isolated, but cells with a decreased chromosome number could not be isolated. When antibody expression vectors were introduced into these isolated clones, productivity tended to increase in cells with an increased chromosome number. Further analysis was carried out by focusing on clone 5E8 with an average chromosome number of 37. When 5E8 cells were used as host, the productivity of multiple antibodies, including difficult‐to‐express antibodies, was improved compared with CHO‐K1 cells. The copies of exogenous genes integrated into the genome were significantly increased in 5E8 cells. These findings expand the possibilities for host cell selection and contribute to the efficient construction of cell lines for recombinant protein production.
Lingular division of the left lung: Only superior and inferior bronchi?
Authors: Zhang Min , Ge Ming‐jian
Published: November 2022

The lingular segment bronchi usually bifurcate into superior lingular (B4) and inferior lingular (B5) segmental bronchi. We report 32 horizontally bifurcated lingular segment bronchi cases, analyzing the bronchovascular variations and the perioperative outcomes. All patients with pulmonary lesions underwent three‐dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography between January 2019 and January 2022. The bronchovascular patterns were analyzed for each patient. A consecutive 5280 patients were included, and 32 cases of this malformation were identified. The incidence of the lateral (B4) and medial (B5) lingular segmental bronchi is 0.6%. The A4 and A5 arise separately in 21 (65.6%) patients. In 9 (28.1%) patients, the A4a arises from the common trunk of A4 + 5. In 2 (6.3%) patients, the A4 arises from the interlobe artery, while A5 is a mediastinal lingular artery. The common trunk of V4a + b is found in 19 (59.4%) patients. The V5 is the least changeable of the segmental bronchi veins. Among the 32 patients, five patients had an LS4 segmentectomy. The surgical details of the five patients are summarized. The laterally and medially bifurcated lingular bronchus pattern is a rare anomaly. It implies that the lingular bronchus is not only superiorly and inferiorly bifurcated.
APOBEC3A/B deletion polymorphism and endometrial cancer risk
Authors: Sofiyeva Nigar , Krakstad Camilla , Halle Mari K. , O'Mara Tracy A. , Romundstad Pål , Hveem Kristian , Vatten Lars , Lønning Per E. , Gansmo Liv B. , Knappskog Stian
Published: November 2022

Background

A common 30 kb deletion affecting the APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B genes has been linked to increased APOBEC activity and APOBEC‐related mutational signatures in human cancers. The role of this deletion as a cancer risk factor remains controversial.

Materials and Methods

We genotyped the APOBEC3A/B deletion in a sample of 1,470 Norwegian endometrial cancer cases and compared to 1,918 healthy controls. For assessment across Caucasian populations, we mined genotypes of the SNP rs12628403, which is in strong linkage disequilibrium with the deletion, in a GWAS dataset of 4,274 cases and 18,125 healthy controls, through the ECAC consortium.

Results

We found the APOBEC3A/B deletion variant to be significantly associated with reduced risk of endometrial cancer among Norwegian women (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.62–0.91; p = 0.003; dominant model). Similar results were found in the subgroup of endometrioid endometrial cancer (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.51–0.79; p = 3.6 × 10−5; dominant model). The observed risk reduction was particularly strong among individuals in the range of 50–60 years of age (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.33–0.78; p = 0.002; dominant model). In the different populations included in the ECAC dataset, the ORs varied from 0.85 to 1.05. Although five out of six populations revealed ORs <1.0, the overall estimate was nonsignificant and, as such, did not formally validate the findings in the Norwegian cohort.

Conclusion

The APOBEC3A/B deletion polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer in the Norwegian population.
An empirical investigation of regional differences in consumption behaviors in an emerging economy
Authors: Geiger‐Oneto Stephanie , Nguyen Hieu P. , Munch James
Published: November 2022

Widely regarded as one of the most dynamic economies in Southeast Asia, Vietnam has increasingly attracted scholarly interest from diverse business disciplines. However, previous marketing research on Vietnam largely treats the country as a homogenous society. We draw on the literature in sociology, geography, history and predict that significant regional differences exist in consumers' consumption behaviors between the North and South of Vietnam, bearing important implications for international marketers. Using secondary survey data collected by an international market research firm, we show that consumers in Hanoi (HN) and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) differ greatly in how they perceive the impact of an economic crisis, how they change their consumption behaviors as a result, and whether they will cut back on spending on themselves, their families, and children. Our results also demonstrate that HN and HCMC consumers differ in their attitude toward luxury product consumption, attitude toward advertising, and marketing versus non‐marketing controlled sources of information. Our research provides important implications for both managers and researchers interested in this fast‐growing economy.
A Multiplex Assay to Assess the Transaminase Activity toward Chemically Diverse Amine Donors
Authors: Czarnievicz Nicolette , Rubanu Maria Grazia , Iturralde Maialen , Albarran‐Velo Jesús , Diamanti Eleftheria , Gotor‐Fernandez Vicente , Skolimowski Maciej , López‐Gallego Fernando
Published: November 2022

The development of methods to engineer and immobilize amine transaminases (ATAs) to improve their functionality and operational stability is gaining momentum. The quest for robust, fast, and easy‐to‐use methods to screen the activity of large collections of transaminases, is essential. This work presents a novel and multiplex fluorescence‐based kinetic assay to assess ATA activity using 4‐dimethylamino‐1‐naphthaldehyde as an amine acceptor. The developed assay allowed us to screen a battery of amine donors using free and immobilized ATAs from different microbial sources as biocatalysts. As a result, using chromatographic methods, 4‐hydroxybenzylamine was identified as the best amine donor for the amination of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural. Finally, we adapted this method to determine the apparent Michaelis‐Menten parameters of a model immobilized ATA at the microscopic (single‐particle) level. Our studies promote the use of this multiplex, multidimensional assay to screen ATAs for further improvement.
Enhancing the Resistive Switching Behavior of WORM Memory Devices Using D−π−A Based Ester‐Flanked Quinolines**
Authors: Angela Varghese M. , Harshini Deivendran , Anjali Anshika , Imran Predhanekar M. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Nagarajan Samuthira
Published: November 2022

Donor‐Acceptor systems are highly appreciated in the field of organic memory devices due to their efficient charge transport within the systems. In this work, we have designed and synthesized a D−π−A system constituting ester‐flanked quinolines and functionalized triarylamines (TAA) through a single‐step cross‐coupling reaction to fabricate memory devices via Write‐Once Read‐Many times (WORM) non‐volatile memory. Structure‐property relationships are reconnoitered for these conjugated D−π−A systems through a series of UV, fluorescence, XRD, DFT, and memory characterizations. The UV and CV data show efficient charge transfer with intramolecular charge transfer occurring at 407–417 nm and a short band gap of 2.56–2.65 eV. An enhancement in the resistive switching behavior of the memory devices is observed for the compounds with simple TAA‐quinoline and tert‐butylphenyl substituted TAA and fluorophenyl substituted quinoline due to balanced charge distribution in the compounds. This enhanced switching induces an on/off ratio of 103 by generating a highly ordered arrangement in the thin films. The HOMO, LUMO levels, and the ESP images together estimate a charge transfer and charge trapping as the plausible mechanism for the solution‐processable WORM memory devices. The longer retention time (103 s) and lower threshold voltages (−1.21–−2.12 V) of the devices makes them intriguing compounds for memory applications.
Analysis of user electricity consumption behavior based on density peak clustering with shared neighbors and attractiveness
Authors: Li Qingpeng , Wang Gang , Zhang Yang , Yang Qin
Published: November 2022

User behavior analysis is the research foundation of power load forecasting and power abnormal detection, and it is the theoretical support for smart grid planning and the construction of energy internet. Aiming at the complex characteristics of high‐dimensional, noisy, and multi‐redundant of power load data, this article used the principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of power data. The density peaks clustering algorithm with shared neighbor and attractiveness (DPC‐SNA) was then used to cluster the data with reduced dimensionality to extract the user's electricity consumption characteristics. The DPC‐SNA algorithm first constructs a sample similarity measurement criterion that shares the similarity of neighbors, on which the local density is defined accordingly. The new local density can effectively distinguish the contributions of local samples and global samples. Incorporating the idea of universal gravitation, a new calculation method of sample attractiveness was defined, and the remaining samples were allocated by the attractiveness matrix. Experiment was performed using the actual load data of special transformer users in a certain area. The results show that there were five typical electricity consumption behavior characteristics in this area, namely, the evening‐peak production type, all‐day production type, multi‐peak production type, daytime production type, and night production type. The corresponding load peak time periods were also obtained.
Connecting epicardial adipose tissue and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mechanisms, management and modern perspectives
Authors: van Woerden Gijs , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Westenbrink B. Daan , de Boer Rudolf A. , Rienstra Michiel , Gorter Thomas M.
Published: November 2022

Obesity is very common in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and it has been suggested that obesity plays an important role in the pathophysiology of this disease. While body mass index defines the presence of obesity, this measure provides limited information on visceral adiposity, which is probably more relevant in the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Epicardial adipose tissue is the visceral fat situated directly adjacent to the heart and recent data demonstrate that accumulation of epicardial adipose tissue is associated with the onset, symptomatology and outcome of HFpEF. However, the mechanisms by which epicardial adipose tissue may be involved in HFpEF remain unclear. It is also questioned whether epicardial adipose tissue may be a specific target for therapy for this disease. In the present review, we describe the physiology of epicardial adipose tissue and the pathophysiological transformation of epicardial adipose tissue in response to chronic inflammatory diseases, and we postulate conceptual mechanisms on how epicardial adipose tissue may be involved in HFpEF pathophysiology. Lastly, we outline potential treatment strategies, knowledge gaps and directions for further research.
Voltammetric Determination of Marbofloxacin at Carbon Paste Sensor Integrated with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Hendawy Hassan A. , Khaled Elmorsy , Radowan Abdellatef
Published: November 2022

The present work introduced copper oxide nanoparticles as an efficient electrode modifier for sensitive adsorptive differential pulse voltammetric assaying of marbofloxacin (MRB) in pharmaceutical formulations and surface water samples. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) at pH 4.0, the marbofloxacin molecule was irreversibly oxidized at the electrode surface showing an anodic oxidation peak at 0.954 V. The electrode reaction mechanism was assumed as adsorption‐reaction controlled accompanied by the transferring of two electrons and proton exchange in agreement with the molecular orbital calculations performed on MRB molecule suggesting the oxidation of the amino group in the piperazinyl ring. At the optimized measuring conditions, the recorded peak heights were linearly correlated with the MRB concentration within the range from 6.67 to 360 ng mL−1, and the estimated LOD value was 2.2 ng mL−1. The integrated sensor showed a prolonged operational lifetime with good reproducibility of measurements. Based on the selectivity and sensitivity of the proposed method, MRB was successfully assayed in pharmaceutical formulations and surface water samples with mean average recoveries agreeable with the official method.
A new species of Scutellaria L. (Lamiaceae) from Iran
Authors: Jamzad Ziba , Mehrnia Mohammad
Published: November 2022

A comprehensive study on Scutellaria materials collected in Iran revealed an undescribed species of the genus, belonging to section Apeltanthus which was not previously reported from Iran. The new species is morphologically most similar to S. leptosiphon and S. stocksii distributed in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asia. The occurrence of a member of section Apeltanthus in Iran shows a disjunct distribution pattern of the species of this section. Scutellaria lurestanica is described as a new species from Iran and is compared with the most similar species. Illustrations of the new species, a distribution map, and a table of diagnostic characters against similar species are provided.
Contrasting seasonal dynamics of dormancy, respiratory metabolism and cell cycle state in grapevine buds of a subtropical and Mediterranean climate
Authors: Velappan Yazhini , Considine John A. , Signorelli Santiago , Considine Michael J.
Published: November 2022

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is the most widely cultivated fruit crop worldwide, contributing substantially to rural economies. The production cycle and productivity depend on seasonal cues and can range from a strongly deciduous habit in cool‐temperate climates to evergreen in subtropical and tropical climates. The influence of the different seasonal conditions on the dynamics of the perennating bud, including the degree of growth and metabolic quiescence, cell cycle status and internal tissue oxygen status between different climatic zones is largely unknown. This knowledge is important for adapting to changing climate conditions and for crop expansion to wider regions. This study investigated the growth and metabolic physiology of the perennating bud of commercially grown cv. Flame Seedless table grapes from Mediterranean and subtropical climate in Western Australia, from summer until late winter. Climate data were obtained, showing differences in minimum (night) temperature between the two climates, reflected by differences in calculated chilling units. Bud dormancy increased during autumn of both climates;however, the onset and depth of dormancy of buds from the subtropical region were attenuated relative to the Mediterranean condition. Stark contrasts were also observed in metabolism. The respiration of subtropical‐grown buds increased over fivefold during late autumn and winter, while that of Mediterranean‐grown buds increased less than twofold. This was also reflected in less desiccation of the subtropical‐grown buds, and an apparently greater degree of hypoxia within the bud during late winter, prior to bud burst. Collectively, these data show pronounced differences in growth and metabolic physiology of commercially grown table grapes, which provide a foundation for investigating the influence of differing climate and seasonality on the growth and productivity of table grapes and how these may be managed through breeding and agronomy.
An impact of heat and mass transpiration on magnetohydrodynamic viscoelastic fluid past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet
Authors: Maranna T. , Sneha K. N. , Mahabaleshwar U. S. , Souayeh Basma
Published: November 2022

The present paper investigates analytically a continuous stream of viscoelastic fluid and magnetohydrodynamic flow of second‐grade fluids owing to protracted sheets in a permeable medium with the help of the Cattaneo–Christov pattern. This idea is a new generalization of the classical Fourier law. Also, in this analysis, heat as well as mass transfer in second‐grade fluid past wall suction/injection is assumed. A few similarity transformations are used to simplify the addressing of boundary layer expressions. An analytical solution is obtained by applying the Appell hypergeometric properties. Furthermore, our work also describes an effect of the relaxation time variable, elasticity number, and Prandtl number together with temperature fields. Also, we studied the newly introduced parameter, that is, the thermal radiation parameter by Cattaneo, over a Fourier heat flux pattern. In addition, some physical presentation of the measurements is illustrated in the graphs.
Cognitive impairment induced by sevoflurane anesthesia is mediated by the cholinergic system after gastrointestinal surgery in older patients: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Liu Xing‐Xing , Yang Qing‐Xu , Guo Yi , He Miao , Yu Zhen‐He , Tian Qi , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong
Published: November 2022

Delayed neurocognitive recovery after surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, its mechanism of action remains controversial and complex. A prospective, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial was performed at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. Older patients (aged 65 years and older) who underwent gastrointestinal surgery were randomly divided into sevoflurane‐based or propofol‐based anesthesia groups. The Mini‐Mental State Examination was performed to evaluate cognitive function. Peripheral venous blood was collected to test the levels of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase. A total of 75 patients were enrolled and 30 patients in each group completed the study. On Day 1 postoperation, patients in the sevoflurane group showed worse performance on the Mini‐Mental State Examination than patients in the propofol group. Lower blood choline acetyltransferase concentrations and higher acetylcholinesterase concentrations were observed in patients who had sevoflurane anesthesia than in patients who had propofol anesthesia 1 day postoperative. At 3 days postoperation, patients with sevoflurane‐ or propofol‐based general anesthesia did not differ regardless of Mini‐Mental State Examination score or choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase levels. Sevoflurane‐based anesthesia has short‐term delayed neurocognitive recovery in older surgical patients, which may be related to central cholinergic system degeneration.
A systematic review of longitudinal changes in school burnout among adolescents: Trajectories, predictors, and outcomes
Authors: Vansoeterstede Aline , Cappe Emilie , Lichtlé Jérôme , Boujut Emilie
Published: November 2022

Introduction

School burnout (SBO) is a public health issue with possible long‐term consequences that occurs among developing adolescents. To design prevention policies, SBO's causes and consequences must be established. Moreover, a better understanding of its development might help identify key moments for interventions. Longitudinal studies can reveal whether SBO changes or remains stable over time and can track how its different dimensions develop. They can also clarify the distinction between the predictors and outcomes of SBO.

Methods

This systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines and aims to synthesize knowledge about the development of SBO and its predictors and outcomes. We queried databases for articles published between January 2002 and February 2021 that use a quantitative assessment of SBO and have longitudinal designs using students in secondary education.

Results

Forty‐three articles representing 48 studies were included in this review. The most‐documented risk factors are female gender and high school academic track. Exhaustion is the first dimension of SBO to develop. The most‐documented risk factors are female gender and high school academic track. Relationships with parents serve as a protective factor. Outcomes of SBO include lower engagement at school, impaired identity development, and lower satisfaction with life. Complex relationships are found between SBO, problematic use of internet, problematic use of social media, and depressive symptoms. The three are likely to be caused by SBO but probably develop in vicious cycles.

Conclusion

More research on the organizational factors influencing SBO in diverse educational systems is needed.
Beryllium bonding with noble gas atoms
Authors: Mazumder Lakhya Jyoti , Sharma Rohan , Yashmin Farnaz , Sharma Pankaz Kumar
Published: November 2022

Quantum chemical calculations were carried out to investigate the nature of the bonding between a neutral Be3ring and noble gas atom. Electronic structure calculation for these complexes was carried out at different computational levels in association with natural bond orbital, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, electron localization function, symmetry adapted perturbation theory, and molecular electrostatic potential surface analysis of Be3complexes. The Be atoms in the Be3moiety are chemically bonded to one another, with the BeBe bond dissociation energy being ~125 kJ mol−1. The Be3ring interacts with the noble gases through non‐covalent interactions. The binding energies of the noble gas atoms with the Be3ring increases with increase in their atomic number. The non‐covalent interaction index, density overlap region indicator and independent gradient model analyses reveal the presence of non‐covalent inter‐fragment interactions in the complexes. Energy decomposition analysis reveals that dispersion plays the major role towards stabilizing these systems.