bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher Education Pathways: South African Undergraduate Education and the Public Good
Authors: Ashwin Paul , Case Jennifer M.
Published: November 2020

In what ways does access to undergraduate education have a transformative impact on people and societies? What conditions are required for this impact to occur? What are the pathways from an undergraduate education to the public good, including inclusive economic development? These questions have particular resonance in the South African higher education context, which is attempting to tackle the challenges of widening access and improving completion rates in in a system in which the segregations of the apartheid years are still apparent. Higher education is recognised in core legislation as having a distinctive and crucial role in building post-apartheid society. Undergraduate education is seen as central to addressing skills shortages in South Africa. It is also seen to yield significant social returns, including a consistent positive impact on societal institutions and the development of a range of capabilities that have public, as well as private, benefits. This book offers comprehensive contemporary evidence that allows for a fresh engagement with these pressing issues.
GOLD POTENTIAL OF MANITANYRDSKY AREA AND PROSPECTS FOR RESOURCE POTENTIAL RAMP-UP, POLAR URALS
Authors: Efanova L. I. , Kuznetsov S. K. , Tarbaev M. B. , Mayorova T. P.
Published: November 2020

General information on geological structure and gold potential of Manitanyrdsky area located in the western Polar Urals is provided. Niyayuskaya ore zone is revealed, Verkhneniyayuskoye-2, Niyakhoiskoye-2 and Yagodnoye mineral occurrences are characterized. It is shown that, aside from vein gold-sulfide-quartz mineralization, disseminated and veinlet-disseminated mineralization separated from quartz veins is widespread, which is also of economic interest. Gold in ores occurs as ultrafine inclusions in arsenopyrite and pyrite; it is also found in cross fractures as overgrown with later sulfides, which suggests two ore formation stages - gold-pyrite-arsenopyrite and gold-chalcopyritesphalerite-galena. Lithochemical prospecting results are presented, gold-enriched areas are identified. Prospects for the area’s resource potential ramp-up are assessed.
IMPACTOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS EM TI DE RONDÔNIA:
Authors: De Andrade Rafael Ademir Oliveira , Nayara Martins Campos Denise
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma análise sobre as violências, suas formas e possíveis causas em Terras Indígenas de Rondônia a partir da análise dos documentos do Observatório da violência contra povos indígenas organizados pelo Conselho Indígena Missionário (CIMI) dos anos de 2003 a 2017. Para isto, realizamos um recorte dos eventos de violência contra povos indígenas que ocorreram no estado de Rondônia. Concluímos que mesmo tendo diversas origens e naturezas o Estado brasileiro possui ligação com as violências causadas, que seja por ser indutor ou pela não supressão de atos violentos.
Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score: Modifikasi Sistem Skor Pada Sepsis Anak
Authors: Rismala Dewi
Published: November 2020

Pendahuluan: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) dan European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) mengeluarkan definisi sepsis terbaru (Sepsis-3) yaitu disfungsi organ yang mengancam jiwa akibat disregulasi respon imun pejamu terhadap infeksi. Skor Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) telah dipilih dan divalidasi sebagai sistem penilaian untuk mengukur disfungsi organ dikarenakan skor SOFA pada pasien dewasa dengan kecurigaan infeksi, sebanding atau bahkan lebih unggul daripada sistem penilaian lainnya dalam membedakan mortalitas rumah sakit. Untuk mengadaptasi definisi Sepsis-3, skor SOFA diadaptasi dan divalidasi untuk pasien anak-anak yang mengidap sakit kritis (pSOFA) dengan menggunakan kriteria yang telah disesuaikan berdasarkan usia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perkiraan mortalitas pada pSOFA saat waktu kedatangan, hari 2, 4, 7 dan 14 setelah masuk Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) lebih baik dibandingkan skor disfungsi organ lainnya. Evaluasi serial dari skor pSOFA pada hari pertama setelah masuk PICU juga sangat baik dalam memprediksi prognosis dari pasien pediatri onkologi yang memakai ventilator selama 3 hari, anak-anak dengan sepsis di PICU dan berguna untuk memprediksi mortalitas 30 hari pada populasi PICU, namun kurang berhasil dalam memprediksi lamanya pasien untuk dirawat di PICU.
Percepção, uso e afetividade de frequentadores de praças públicas na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Kelly C. , Nascimento Ana Paula B. , Ramos Heidy R. , Kniess Claudia Terezinha
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho analisou a percepção de frequentadores sobre cinco praças da cidade de São Paulo e o uso destes espaços. Foram realizadas entrevistas exploratórias com frequentadores. Os resultados indicam que áreas verdes, segurança, localização, lazer, atividade física estão entre os itens que contribuem para sentimentos positivos, assim como a decisão de usar estes espaços. Infraestrutura como, presença de bancos, lixeiras, banheiros e outros elementos que prolonguem a estadia do visitante na praça e aumente seu conforto ao visitar o espaço é percebido, utilizado e considerado muito importante pelos frequentadores. Não há padrão no planejamento das estruturas e equipamentos em diferentes praças, uma vez que a gestão é descentralizada. As percepções das praças pelos frequentadores podem auxiliar na criação de projetos bases, com elementos semelhantes, que atendam a essas expectativas em comum. Dessa forma, torna-se relevante ser considerado pelos gestores públicos, pontos fracos e fortes percebidos por frequentadores.
Patent value index: Measuring Brazilian green patents based on family size, grant, and backward citation
Authors: Stefani Cativelli Adriana , Pinto Adilson Luiz , Lascurain Sanchez Maria Luisa
Published: November 2020

Objective. The Patent Value Index is created to identify the most valuable patents based on the evidence yielded by different agents in the patenting chain.
Design/Methodology/Approach. The agents and indicators are the following: (a) patent holder (number of countries where the invention is protected); (b) Brazilian IP Office (INPI, the patent-granting agent), and (c) users (number of citations). Brazilian green patents were selected for the application of the index. Data was collected on the Global Patent Index. 478 patents were found, the values of which were calculated by the index. Using the overall score median, the population was divided into two groups: (1) upper-half median (composed of the highest-scoring patents) and (2) lower-half median (lowest-scoring patents).
Results/Discussion. The results identified converging behavior among the values demonstrated by the three agents, as the patents in the first 183 positions evidence that 65.5% are from foreign countries, 77.6% belong to companies, 96.2% have a patent family, 86.9% have a Patent Cooperation Treaty request, 78.7% were granted, and 74.9% are cited by other patents. Regarding the 295 patents of the lower median, 94.6% are Brazilian, 44.7% belong to individuals, 22.2% were granted, 4% are cited, and 9.6% have a patent family.
Conclusions. The constructed index can be used for those patentometric studies aimed at investigating qualitative aspects of inventions.
Originality/Value. A value triad, –with data available in databases–, is created to evaluate patents according to different agents in the inventive chain.
Determinants of Employment of Non-Production Workers in Indian Manufacturing Industry: A Regression Analysis
Authors: Singh Bharat
Published: November 2020

The owners of capital have an inherent tendency and interest to exercise effective control over the production process. This is considered necessary to maximize their profit in a given situation. The process of economic reforms as initiated since July 1991 on a firm and bold footing in India have facilitated the this process of increased control of owners of capital over the production processes through their representatives, the managers, professionals and technocrats. This behavior of the firms has changed the demand for non-production and production workers in a firm or industry. Using the ASI data at 2-digit level an attempt has been made in this paper to identify some important determinants which might have influenced the demand for nonproduction workers or skilled workers in Indian manufacturing industries. For this purpose the stepwise regression coefficients was estimated which have explained changes in the ratio of non-production to production workers (NP/P). It was observed that the variables identified as important determinants of changes in the relative demand for the non-production workers (skilled workers) in Indian manufacturing industries exert their influence in different directions and in varying degrees on a particular industry and across industries also. Hence the policies formulated and implemented to augment the level of productivity and employment should be industry specific under the broad industrial policy framework
The Effect of Seasonality over Stock Exchanges in India
Authors: Bansal Ved Prakash
Published: November 2020

This study investigated to examine stock market seasonality effect in Indian stock market for Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) 100. The monthly return data of BSE 100 for the period from April, 2001 to March, 2016 was used for analysis. After examining the stationarity of the return series and correlogram, regression equation & ARIMA model is used to find the monthly effect in stock returns in India. The results confirmed the existence of seasonality in stock returns in India.
Risk and Return Analysis of Stocks with Special Reference to Automobile Sector
Authors: Bansal Ved Prakash
Published: November 2020

An important source of funds for companies is the stock market and it is a medium of earning returns for investors while giving them liquidity. An investor therefore, before purchasing or selling any security (in our case- equity shares) needs to make an analysis of the Risk and Returns associated with the security. It is only by the buying and selling of these securities than enables economic growth of a country. The present study aims to analyze the risk and returns of companies listed on National Stock Exchange of India in the automobile sector. The study recommends for suitable investment in the priority stocks in the sector
İRRİTABL BARSAK SENDROMUNUN KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: BOZKURT Adile , ATİK Derya , İNEL MANAV Ayşe
Published: November 2020

İrritabl barsak sendromu fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal boyutları olan bir hastalıktır. Kişilik ise bireyin doğuştan getirdiği ve yaşantıları sonucu kazandığı, onu diğer bireylerden ayıran özelliklerin tamamı olarak tanımlanır. Hastalıkların kontrolünde bütüncül yaklaşım, hastayı her yönüyle değerlendirme önemlidir. Etiyolojisi tam olarak açıklanamayan, psikosomatik bir hastalık olan irritabl barsak sendromunda hasta birey her yönüyle değerlendirilmelidir. Somatik yakınmaların kişilik özellikleriyle ilişkili olabileceği muhtemeldir. Kişilik özelliklerinin irritabl barsak sendromu oluşumunda ve hastalık sürecindeki etkisi, irritabl barsak sendromu gelişen hastalarda meydana gelebilecek kişilik özelliklerindeki değişim üzerinde durulması gereken bir konudur. Kişilik özellikleri ve irritabl barsak sendromu ilişkisi açıklandığında uygulanacak terapi ve tedavilerle daha etkili sonuçlar elde edilebilir, hastanın yaşam kalitesi artırılabilir.
Comparación pareada como método de evaluación de competencias transversales en materia de sostenibilidad
Authors: Navarro Ignacio , Yepes Víctor , Martí José Vicente
Published: November 2020

La evaluación de las competencias transversales adquiridas a lo largo de la formación universitaria es un objetivo fundamental para garantizar el adecuado desarrollo de los alumnos. Con los recientemente establecidos Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, la demanda de competencias transversales orientadas a tal fin es cada vez mayor y, su desarrollo y evaluación, más urgente. Ante la falta de consenso en cuanto a cómo determinar el grado de adquisición de estas capacidades, se propone un procedimiento objetivo basado en la resolución de casos de estudio, combinados con la aplicación de la comparación pareada de criterios del Proceso Analítico Jerárquico de decisión multicriterio. La aplicación de este proceso permite determinar, de forma objetiva, la coherencia implícita de los alumnos en sus juicios y ofrece, por lo tanto, una herramienta valiosa para evaluar la claridad con la que los alumnos perciben la sostenibilidad y sus implicaciones en el desarrollo de su futura práctica profesional y, por ende, su competencia para afrontar estos nuevos retos que se plantean en el futuro próximo
Encouraging Practitioner Research Engagement: Overcoming Barriers
Authors: Cole Annie M
Published: November 2020

Despite a body of evidence showing the vast benefits of practitioner engagement in higher education research, the literature suggests that many practitioners do not regularly engage in research activities due to three main barriers: the busyness of daily practice, perceived irrelevance of research to practice, and inadequate training to engage in research. This article reviews the literature on each of these three barriers, providing practitioners in higher education insight into how to overcome these barriers to successfully engage in regular research. Through an analysis of current literature, this article furthers the understanding of practitioner research engagement despite common barriers.
Modern American Drama: Playwriting in the 1960s
Authors: Sell Mike
Published: November 2020

The Decades of Modern American Drama series provides a comprehensive survey and study of the theatre produced in each decade from the 1930s to 2009 in eight volumes. Each volume equips readers with a detailed understanding of the context from which work emerged: an introduction considers life in the decade with a focus on domestic life and conditions, social changes, culture, media, technology, industry and political events; while a chapter on the theatre of the decade offers a wide-ranging and thorough survey of theatres, companies, dramatists, new movements and developments in response to the economic and political conditions of the day. The work of the four most prominent playwrights from the decade receives in-depth analysis and re-evaluation by a team of experts, together with commentary on their subsequent work and legacy. A final section brings together original documents such as interviews with the playwrights and with directors, drafts of play scenes, and other previously unpublished material.

The major playwrights and their plays to receive in-depth coverage in this volume include:
Edward Albee: The American Dream (1960), Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962), A Delicate Balance (1966) and Tiny Alice (1964 );Amiri Baraka: Dutchman (1964), The Slave (1964) and Slaveship (1967);Adrienne Kennedy: Funnyhouse of a Negro (1964), Cities in Bezique (The Owl Answers and A Beast’s Story, 1969), and A Rat’s Mass (1967);Jean-Claude van Itallie: American Hurrah (1966), The Serpent (1968) and War (1963).
Investigation of the wet removal rate of black carbon in East Asia: validation of a below- and in-cloud wet removal scheme in FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) model v10.4
Authors: Choi Yongjoo , Kanaya Yugo , Takigawa Masayuki , Zhu Chunmao , Park Seung-Myung , Matsuki Atsushi , Sadanaga Yasuhiro , Kim Sang-Woo , Pan Xiaole , Pisso Ignacio
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Understanding the global distribution of atmospheric black carbon (BC) is essential for unveiling its climatic effect. However, there are still large uncertainties regarding the simulation of BC transport due to
inadequate information about the removal process. We accessed the wet
removal rate of BC in East Asia based on long-term measurements over
the 2010–2016 period at three representative background sites
(Baengnyeong and Gosan in South Korea and Noto in Japan). The average
wet removal rate, represented by transport efficiency (TE), i.e., the
fraction of undeposited BC particles during transport, was estimated
to be 0.73 in East Asia from 2010 to 2016. According to the
relationship between accumulated precipitation along trajectory and
TE, the wet removal efficiency was lower in East and North China but
higher in South Korea and Japan, implying the importance of the aging
process and frequency of exposure to below- and in-cloud scavenging
conditions during air mass transport. Moreover, the wet scavenging in
winter and summer showed the highest and lowest efficiency,
respectively, although the lowest removal efficiency in summer was
primarily associated with a reduced BC aging process because the
in-cloud scavenging condition was dominant. The average half-life and
e-folding lifetime of BC were 2.8 and 7.1 d, respectively,
which is similar to previous studies, but those values differed
according to the geographical location and meteorological conditions
of each site. Next, by comparing TE from the FLEXible PARTicle
(FLEXPART) Lagrangian transport model (version 10.4), we diagnosed the
scavenging coefficients (s−1) of the below- and in-cloud
scavenging scheme implemented in FLEXPART. The overall median TE from
FLEXPART (0.91) was overestimated compared to the measured value,
implying the underestimation of wet scavenging coefficients in the model
simulation. The median of the measured below-cloud scavenging
coefficient showed a lower value than that calculated according to
FLEXPART scheme by a factor of 1.7. On the other hand, the overall
median of the calculated in-cloud scavenging coefficients from the FLEXPART scheme was highly underestimated by 1 order of magnitude, compared to the measured value. From an analysis of artificial neural
networks, the convective available potential energy, which is well
known as an indicator of vertical instability, should be considered in
the in-cloud scavenging process to improve the representative regional
difference in BC wet scavenging over East Asia. For the first time,
this study suggests an effective and straightforward evaluation
method for wet scavenging schemes (both below and in cloud), by
introducing TE along with excluding effects from the inaccurate
emission inventories.
GAIA 5.0 – A five-dimensional geometry for the 3D
visualization of Earth' climate complexity
Authors: C.-Z.-Quehenberger Renate , dC. Rubin Sergio , Kern Leyla , Tirelli Daniel
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The artwork presented here is motivated by the wish to communicate an assumed underlying higher-dimensional space grid for the Universe. It was presented in the digital 3D animated opera named GAIA 5.0. – A Holographic Image Ambience, a big data visualisation project that proposes a 5-dimensional (suffix 5.0) geometric visualization of the Earth from the Gaia hypothesis standpoint: the Earth as a living, thus complex system. This quasi-crystallography visualisation, situates the Earth in the center of a dynamic 5-dimensional subscendent space configuration and draws parallels between 19th ether concept (cf. Lord Kelvin, V. Bjerknes a.o.) and the newly discovered 3D representation of the Penrose Kites & Darts tiling (Epitahedra, E±) which allows us to rebuild the presocratian living pattern of the world as 5-dimensional space conforming the Poincaré's dodecahedral space. – This allows us to regard the Earth not as big data generator but its underlying space which generates symmetries in compounds of multi-dimensional spaces with create particles, matter, fluxes, cycles, metabolism, and meteorological and climate turbulences. Meteorologic and climatic features like the Coriolis effect, Ekman pumping and the Lorenz attractor are discussed in this geometrical framework from an artistic visualization point of view. We conclude that those dynamical physical phenomena on Earth can be related to intrinsic geometrical features of higher dimensional spaces proper to living systems. Finally, a gender perspective and the role of arts as tool for communication in scientific research of complex systems are briefly discussed.
Traceably calibrated scanning Hall probe microscopy at room temperature
Authors: Gerken Manuela , Solignac Aurélie , Momeni Pakdehi Davood , Manzin Alessandra , Weimann Thomas , Pierz Klaus , Sievers Sibylle , Schumacher Hans Werner
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Fabrication, characterization and comparison of gold and
graphene micro- and nanoscale Hall sensors for room temperature scanning
magnetic field microscopy applications are presented. The Hall sensors with
active areas from 5 µm down to 50 nm were fabricated by electron-beam
lithography. The calibration of the Hall sensors in an external magnetic
field revealed a sensitivity of 3.2 mV A−1 T−1 ± 0.3 %
for gold and 1615 V A−1  T−1 ± 0.5 % for graphene at room
temperature. The gold sensors were fabricated on silicon nitride cantilever
chips suitable for integration into commercial scanning probe microscopes,
allowing scanning Hall microscopy (SHM) under ambient conditions and
controlled sensor–sample distance. The height-dependent stray field
distribution of a magnetic scale was characterized using a 5 µm gold
Hall sensor. The uncertainty of the entire Hall-sensor-based scanning and
data acquisition process was analyzed, allowing traceably calibrated SHM
measurements. The measurement results show good agreement with numerical
simulations within the uncertainty budget.
Strategies for adapting to hazards and environmental inequalities
in coastal urban areas: what kind of resilience for these territories?
Authors: Long Nathalie , Cornut Pierre , Kolb Virginia
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The ongoing phenomenon of climate change is leading to an upsurge in the number of extreme events. Territories must adapt to these modifications in order to protect their populations and the properties present in coastal areas. The adaptation of coastal areas also aims to make them more resilient to future events. In this article, we examine two strategies for adapting to coastal risks: holding the coastal line through hard constructions such as seawalls or ripraps and the managed retreat of activities and populations to a part of the territory not exposed to hazards. In France, these approaches are financed by a solidarity insurance system at the national level as well as local taxes. These solidarity systems aim to compensate the affected populations and finance implementation of the strategies chosen by local authorities. However, the French mainland coast generally attracts affluent residents, the price of land being higher than inland. This situation induces the presence of inequalities in these territories, inequalities which can be maintained or reinforced in the short and medium term when a defence strategy based on hard constructions is implemented. In such a trajectory, it appears that these territories would be less resilient in the long term, because of the maintenance costs of the structures and the uncertainties relating to the hazards (submersion, rising sea levels, erosion). Conversely, with a managed retreat strategy, inequalities would instead be done away with, since property and populations would no longer be exposed to hazards, which would cost society less and would lead these territories towards greater resilience in the long term. Only one social group would be strongly impacted by this strategy in the short term when they are subjected to a managed retreat to another part of the territory.
Sunsetting skim matrices: A trajectory-mining approach to derive travel time skim matrix in dynamic traffic assignment for activity-base model integration
Authors: Tian Ye , Chiu Yi-Chang , Sun Jian , Chai Chen
Published: November 2020

The travel impedance skim matrix is one of the most essential intermediate products within transportation forecasting models and is a fundamental input for activity-based transportation forecasting models. It reflects interzonal travel time, travel time reliability, travel costs, etc. by time of day. The traditional method to obtain skim matrices is to execute multiple times of time-dependent, shortest-path calculations. However, the computational and memory use burden can easily increase to an intractable level when dealing with mega-scale networks, such as those with thousands of traffic-analysis zones. This research proposes two new approaches to extract the interzonal travel impedance information from the already existing vehicle trajectory data. Vehicle trajectories store travel impedance information in a more compact format when compared to time-dependent link performance profiles. The numerical experiments highlight huge potential advantages of the proposed approaches in terms of saving both memory and CPU time.
Trip mode inference from mobile phone signaling data using Logarithm Gaussian Mixture Model
Authors: Chen Xiaoxu , Xu Xiangdong , Yang Chao
Published: November 2020

Trip mode inference plays an important role in transportation planning and management. Most studies in the field have focused on the methods based on GPS data collected from mobile devices. While these methods can achieve relatively high accuracy, they also have drawbacks in data quantity, coverage, and computational complexity. This paper develops a trip mode inference method based on mobile phone signaling data. The method mainly consists of three parts: activity-nodes recognition, travel-time computation, and clustering using the Logarithm Gaussian Mixed Model. Moreover, we compare two other methods (i.e., Gaussian Mixed Model and K-Means) with the Logarithm Gaussian Mixed Model. We conduct experiments using real mobile phone signaling data in Shanghai and the results show that the proposed method can obtain acceptable accuracy overall. This study provides an important opportunity to infer trip mode from the aspect of probability using mobile phone signaling data.
Evaluating the Impact of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Strategies on Customer Retention (A Study of Fast Food Chains in Pakistan)
Authors: Anees Rao Tahir , Nordin Nordiana Ahmad , Anjum Temoor , Cavaliere Luigi Pio Leonardo , Heidler Petra
Published: November 2020

Customer focus is a concept that academics and professionals have been discussing in recent years. These are deeply ingrained ideas and standards that make customer relationships a top priority within the organization. The main objective of this research is to determine the impact of the CRM strategy on customer retention. The total sample of this study is 220, and the questionnaire includes 15 items. This research is based on exploratory and quantitative nature. Use survey methods to collect data from respondents through questionnaires. Calculate SmartPLS-SEM-3.0 to study the hypothesis of this investigation. The findings of this research show that Customer Orientation and Service Quality have an impact on Customer Retention. Additionally, the sale of a company can increases if they are maintaining the quality of the food, and there will be significantly less Customer Retention.
Concussion knowledge assessment and educational intervention in parents of youth football players
Authors: Eckert Colin , Gillespie Gordon L. , Johnson Kimberly
Published: November 2020

Sports related concussions have become a major topic within the pediatric community. This project's aim was to address gaps in care by providing parents of youth football players with a concussion educational tool. Pre and post season assessments were performed to analyze both baseline parental concussion knowledge and any possible application of gained knowledge. The project's purpose was twofold: first, to test the hypothesis that there would be a significant improvement in knowledge score post intervention, and second, to introduce concussion education to parents where previous education did not exist.
Modeling and analysis of a time series of equine infectious anemia cases in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, between 2007 and 2019
Authors:   Núcleo de Estudos Avançados em Geoprocessamento e Estatística, Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Tocantins, Santos Alessandro José Ferreira dos , Ferreira Jardel Martins ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Baptista Francisco ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Silva Marco Augusto Giannoccaro da ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Alexandrino Bruna ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Ribeiro Ana Paula Coelho ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Tavares Raydleno Mateus ,   Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Tocantins, Almeida Katyane de Sousa ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins
Published: November 2020

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a viral infectious disease that affects Equidae and is clinically characterized by intermittent fever, anemia, depression, emaciation, and edema. To evaluate disease dynamics in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, a time series of EIA cases in the period 2007–2019 was analyzed to describe the pattern of occurrence and define the autoregressive integrated by moving average (ARIMA) model best suited to make predictions of cases of this disease for the period 2020–2021. The modeling and statistical analysis of the time series were performed using R software. The ARIMA model (2,1,1) was evaluated by Holdout cross-validation, in which data from the periods 2007–2017 and 2018–2019 were used as training and test data, respectively. The analyses showed that EIA was endemic and non-seasonal in Tocantins. The ARIMA model (2,1,1) showed good predictive capacity adjusted for this time series. However, the prediction of 276 cases of EIA in Tocantins for the period 2020–2021 may vary depending on the demand for diagnostic tests for Equidae transportation and herd sanitation in farms considered infection foci. The ARIMA model helps predict the number of EIA cases in Tocantins and improves planning for disease control by the Official Veterinary Service.
Evaluation of equine (Equus cabbalus) corneal endothelium stored in EUSOL-C® preservation medium
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Albuquerque Luciane de , Pigatto Anita Marchionatti ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Pigatto João Antonio Tadeu ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was evaluate the maintenance of the corneal endothelium of horses in cold EUSOL-C® preservation medium over different periods (seven and 14 days) using scanning electron microscopy. A total of 20 pairs of eyes from horses were analysed. The corneas were divided into four groups of 10 corneas each (G1, G2, G3 and G4): G1 - the samples were kept in the preservation medium for seven days; G3 - the samples were kept in the preservation medium for for 14 days; G2 and G4 were formed by the control corneal buttons of G1 and G3, respectively. The average cell loss observed in G1 was 7.62%, in G2 it was 7.04%, in G3 9.12% and in G4 7.16%. No statistically significant differences were observed between the four groups. It was concluded that the Eusol-C® hypothermic preservation medium provided satisfactory preservation of the corneal endothelium in equine species for up to 14 days.
Effects of dietary protein level on intake, digestibility, and energy expenditure in dairy heifers
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araújo Laylles Costa , Valente Eriton Egidio Lisboa ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Filipini Valdir da Trindade ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Carvalho Silvana Teixeira ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Stahlhofer Mariane ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cabral Carla Heloisa Avelino ,   Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Damasceno Matheus Leonardi ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Barbizan Mariana ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Published: November 2020

Balancing diets for protein affects both protein and energy use efficiency in cattle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein level on intake, digestibility and energy expenditure in Holstein heifers. Four Holstein heifers with a mean BW of 266.5 ± 10.7 kg were distributed in a 4 x 4 balanced Latin square design. Each period was comprised of 14 d for adaptation and 6 d for samplings. The heifers were fed diets with 9, 12, 15 and 18% of crude protein (CP). Total feces and urine were collected. Rumen fluid was collected at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after feeding. The energy expenditure was evaluated at 6 a.m., 12 a.m., 6 p.m. and 12 p.m. by a closed-circuit mask technique. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were similar between treatments (P > 0.05). Although the NDF digestibility was not changed (P > 0.05), the digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing CP levels in the diet. Urinary urea nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retained increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing CP levels. Dietary CP levels did not affect (P =0.53) energy expenditure in heifers. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen concentration peaked at 2-4 h after feeding. Increasing dietary CP levels from 9 to 18% does not affect feed intake and energy expenditure in heifers. However, it improves the digestibility of OM and nitrogen retention.
Genetic diversity of Tambaqui (Teleostei - Characidae) broodstocks from Northern region of Brazil using microsatellite markers
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Urrea-Rojas Angela Maria , Souza Felipe Pinheiro de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Lima Ed Christian Suzuki de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Yamachita Andrei Lincoln ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Pandolfi Victor César Freitas ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Godoy Sara Mataroli de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Povh Jayme Aparecido ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Pereira Ulisses de Pádua ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Lopera-Barrero Nelson Mauricio ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: November 2020

The Amazonian fish Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is the most common native species in Brazil. This species has the highest production rate in the Northern region, especially in the State of Rondônia. The genetic evaluation of Tambaqui is an extremely important to increase productivity in fish farms or improve the adaptability in restocking natural populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of three Tambaqui broodstocks in Rondônia, Brazil. Six microsatellite markers were used to analyze a total of 89 breeders collected from three fish farms located in Ji-Paraná (JP), Ouro Preto do Oeste (OP) and Presidente Médici (PM). A total of 37 alleles between 140 and 310 bp were found, including the presence of exclusive and low frequency alleles in the three broodstocks. The average values of observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.404 (PM) to 0.499 (JP). The FIS coefficient values were positive for the three broodstocks, demonstrating a deficit of heterozygotes. The Molecular Variance Analysis (AMOVA) showed greater variation within the stocks than between them. The genetic differentiation was moderate and significant between the stocks, with higher differentiation between JP x PM and lower between OP x PM. The Bayesian analysis designated an optimal value of K = 3 groupings. Although there is moderate genetic diversity between broodstocks, the high FIS indicates a possible decline of diversity in the next generations, and therefore, the incorporation of new breeders is suggested to increase the genetic diversity in the three stocks.
Xylanase and β-glucanase in maize- and soybean meal-based diets for broilers
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Diana Thiago Ferreira , Albino Luiz Fernando Teixeira ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rostagno Horácio Santiago ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Almeida Bruno Figueiredo de ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Xavier Júnior Maurílio de Lucas ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Aleixo Pedro Eleutério ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Borges Samuel Oliveira ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Calderano Arele Arlindo ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different xylanase and ?-glucanase enzyme blends to maize- and soybean meal-based diets on performance and energy metabolizability in broilers. Two experiments were carried out with broilers of the COBB 500 strain. In the first experiment, 1960 chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement, totaling seven treatments, namely, T1- Positive control (PC); T2 - Negative control 1 (NC1; PC minus 200 kcal kg-1 ME); T3 - NC1 + Blend A; T4 - NC1 + Blend B; T5 - Negative control 2 (NC2; PC minus 167 kcal kg-1 ME and 5% amino acids); T6 - NC2 + Blend A; and T7 - NC2 + Blend B. Fourteen replicates were used per treatment and 20 birds per experimental unit. The parameters evaluated at 21 and 42 days of age were weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FC). At 42 days, production efficiency index (PEI), viability and the yields of cuts were also calculated. Birds that received diets with a reduced nutritional value showed a reduction in WG and PEI and worsened FC as compared those of PC treatment (p < 0.05). However, the birds that consumed the NC2 diet with Blend B exhibited a similar WG to those in PC group (p > 0.05) from 1 to 21 days of life. For the yield of thigh + drumstick, the factors were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to those observed in the PC birds. In the second experiment, 432 fourteen-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, with eight replicates per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) values were determined. Overall, the NC2 diet with Blend B provided the highest AME and AMEn values; however, NC1 with the same enzyme blend was the treatment which provided the lowest values. The addition of xylanase and ?-glucanase enzyme blends to maize- and soybean meal-based diets improves WG at 21 days as well as PEI in broilers; however, it does not influence the yield of cuts. Enzymes (Blend B) improve the energy metabolization of broiler diets with reduced energy and amino acid levels.
Exploration of “Tension” in Beloved from the Aspects of Theme, Characters and Aesthetics
Authors: Wu Xian
Published: November 2020

Beloved written by Toni Morrison is brimming with profound sense and tension which have been focused on by an increasing large number of scholars at home and abroad. The word “Tension” means the balance between at least two inconsistent literary factors which cannot be dispelled by their opposed relationships. Based on the sense of tension and previous studies, this thesis is about further exploring its tension in themes, characters, and aesthetics. The author employs many kinds of rhetoric, such as symbol, simile, personification and poetization, representing a new method of rhetoric and contributing to a unique “black” poetic impression, which makes the story not only have the charm of form, but the tension of its idea and spirit of nationality.
Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes Toward the Use of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) to Improve English Listening and Speaking Skills
Authors: Komol Tinutda , Suwanphathama Sasitorn
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to investigate the students’ perceptions and attitudes toward the use of communicative language teaching to improve their English listening and speaking skills. 82 fourth-year students who enrolled in English in Media course were asked to give their perceptions and attitudes in learning from communicative language teaching (e.g., role-play, pair work, group work, group discussion and making a video). The Results showed that the students had strong positive perception toward the classroom activities suggested by the communicative teaching approach. It is suggested that using role-play, group discussion and video production can help increase the students’ confidence and improve their listening and speaking skills. Moreover, the students also strongly agreed that making an English short movie video allowed them to get much exposure to using English.
Investigation of Prospective Teachers' Attitudes towards Game and Physical Activities Course
Authors: Ciris Vahit
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine the attitudes of prospective teachers towards game and physical activities subject. In the first part of the study, it is aimed to describe the attitudes of prospective teachers towards game and physical activities course. In the second part of the study, it was analyzed whether the variables of gender and department studied significantly differed on the attitudes of prospective teachers towards game and physical activities course. Screening method was used in this research. Candidates studying in the physical education and sports teaching, classroom teaching and preschool teaching departments of Kırşehir Ahi Evran University participated in the study on a voluntary basis. "Personal Information Form" and "Attitude Scale for Game and Physical Activities Course" were used in the data collection process. When testing the research data, 0.05 significance level was taken. In the analysis of the data, ANOVA technique was used. The prospective teachers' attitudes towards the course of game and physical activities course are generally high (X̅ = 4.01). The attitudes of teacher candidates towards the course of game and physical activities course differ significantly according to their genders (p <.05) and departments (F = 8,278, p <.05). Research results show that prospective teachers' attitudes towards the course of game and physical activities course are generally at a high level. However, the mean of male candidates is higher than the mean of female candidates. The attitudes of prospective teachers towards physical education and sports teaching are positive and at high level.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 12, No. 12
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: November 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 12, No. 12, 2020.
From G.E.D. to Ph.D.: Eric Thomas as a Model of Educational Success
Authors: Chaney Cassandra D. , Nicks Nia , Caldwell Conial
Published: November 2020

Since the General Educational Development (GED) Program was established in 1943, more than 17 million people have received a GED Credential. According to the American Council on Education (ACOE), the GED test is considered an alternative option to the US High school diploma, HiSET and TASC tests; the GED test verifies whether the test taker has the United States or Canadian high school-level academic skills (Larson et al., 2016; Rice, 2016). The GED tests entail five subject contents such as writing skills, reading skills, social studies, science, and mathematics—and although the standards required for passing the tests vary across states, these standards are generally similar (Larson et al., 2016; Rice, 2016). This chapter will examine the words Dr. Eric Thomas uses during an interview on the day that he obtained his Ph.D. (Philosophy in Education) from Michigan State University. During this interview with Glenn Twiddle, Dr. Thomas discusses the various factors that motivated him to pursue and earn a Ph.D. In particular, this content analysis will determine the themes Dr. Thomas believes are essential catalysts for educational success. Qualitative analysis of Dr. Thomas’s interview reveals four themes related to (a) The Habit of Avoiding Challenges; (b) The Value of Facing Challenges; (c) The Importance of Receiving Encouragement and Accepting Help; (d) The Fragility of Work-Life Balance. Essentially, these themes highlight Dr. Thomas’s initial habit of running from academic challenges, the reasons why he faced educational challenges in his life, what he learned about himself after facing academic challenges, the importance of receiving encouragement and accepting help from others, as well as how he manages work-life balance.
The Growing Demand for Education in Saudi Arabia: How Effective Is Borrowing Educational Models from the West?
Authors: Mirghani Taiseer M.
Published: November 2020

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) considers education a top priority, and more emphasis has been placed on this following the 2016 announcement of Saudi Vision 2030. Since then, the country has witnessed several economic and social changes. As a result, the Kingdom has initiated a plan to invest in human capital through education to diversify its economy and increase employment. This includes educational reform with regard to primary and secondary education geared toward preparing students for higher education and the workplace. However, several factors may hinder the successful execution of this plan. This report will provide insights into factors such as cultural dimensions, learning profiles, the English language proficiency gap, and information on borrowing educational models from the West. It will also include some suggestions and recommendations to enhance teacher education programmes so that positive educational reform may be achieved effectively.
Examination of Lifelong Learning Trends of Physical Education and Sports Teachers on Different Variables
Authors: BÜLBÜL Alpay
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the lifelong learning trends of physical education and sports teachers with regard to various variables and to compare them with the literature.

Method: 113 physical education teachers working in secondary schools and high schools in Tokat province and its districts during the 2019-2020 academic year participated in the study. In order to obtain the research data, the “Lifelong Learning Scale” adapted to Turkish by Engin, Kör and Erbay (2016) and the demographic information questionnaire created by the researchers were used. This research is a descriptive study in scanning model. The research data were subjected to normality test and the research data were analyzed according to the results. In the analysis of the data, 0.05 significance level was taken as the criterion. In order to determine the level of lifelong learning competence of physical education and sports teachers, the variables with 2 level were analyzed by using t test statistics, and the variables with 3 or more levels were analyzed by the ANOVA F test statistic.

Conclusion: According to the results of this study which was conducted on different variables, physical education teachers’ lifelong learning tendency scores are high. At the same time; gender, professional seniority and and the lvel of the institution (primary school, high school etc.) are not effective factors on lifelong learning motivations og physical education and sports teachers.
A notação logarítmica como opção de registro objetivo da estesiometria: um estudo piloto
Authors: Azevedo Priscila Da Silva , Cavalcante Silvania Morais , Alves Thamyres Pereira , Jaime Gabriela Ferraz , Nascimento Ananda Quaresma , Cardoso Marcelo Marques
Published: November 2020

Introdução: A Avaliação objetiva é um valioso recurso na pesquisa. Contudo, o estesiômetro provê informações por cores. Objetivo: Apresentar a conversão logarítmica dos valores nominais do estesiômetro como opção representativa de registro na avaliação de prejuízo tátil. Método: Estudo Piloto aprovado com parecer nº 1.337. 714, realizado de agosto de 2018 a julho de 2019. Valores nominais (gF) dos monofilamentos do estesiômetro foram convertidos em logaritmo, o procedimento serviu para o registro e o acompanhamento de pacientes cerebrovasculares em reabilitação (n=13), comparado ao controle (n=10), para notações de qualidade, acurácia e poder de inferências dos dados na representação do estado tátil. Statistical analysis performed by the GraphPad Prism 6.0 Program. Resultados: As opções numéricas trabalhadas conseguem representar a percepção da sensibilidade tátil, sendo que a conversão em logaritmo demonstra objetividade, sensibilidade, coerência e consistência para gerar mais inferências. Conclusão: A notação logarítmica para registro da sensibilidade é uma opção versátil de análise e interpretação dos dados na pesquisa em reabilitação.