bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E&P Notes (September 2017)
Authors: Parshall Joel , Rassenfoss Stephen , Jacobs Trent
Published: August 2017

E&P Notes

Researchers: Models Overstate Technology Impact, Understate Location Impact for Unconventional Wells

Joel Parshall, JPT Features Editor  

The role of new technological improvements in the increasing productivity of tight oil and shale gas wells is likely being overestimated because of models that inadequately consider the influence of drilling in reservoir core areas, a pair of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Energy Initiative (MITEI) have said in a new paper.

With the steep fall in oil prices since late 2014, field operators are drilling fewer wells and have shifted their targets to only the most prospective acreage. The oil industry’s often well-publicized gains in well productivity significantly reflect the impact of drilling and hydraulic fracturing operations focused on reservoir “sweet spots,” MITEI’s Justin Montgomery and Francis O’Sullivan write in a paper in Applied Energy.

 

Drilling Boom Goes Flat

Stephen Rassenfoss, JPT Emerging Technology Senior Editor

Growth in the US rig count stalled in mid-July, in what could be a sign of things to come.

After doubling over the previous 12 months, the rig count remained flat, slipping to 949 as of 11 August, according to the Baker Hughes Rig Count.

But surveys of industry insiders by the Federal Reserve banks of Dallas and Kansas City see that rally running out, with shrinking spending on capital expenditures (Capex) and drilling.

“We see the expected Capex and expected drilling number are still positive. It is a lot less positive than in the first quarter and certainly in the fourth quarter of last year,” said Chad Wilkerson, the branch executive and economist at the Kansas City Fed’s Oklahoma City branch, adding, “Leveling seems to be the story.”

 

US Daily Oil Production To Break Record in 2018

Joel Parshall, JPT Features Editor

Average total crude oil production in the United States is expected to reach a record level of 9.9 million B/D in 2018, the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) said in its latest forecast.

The projected output would surpass the 9.6 million B/D that the US produced in 1970. The forecast said that total US crude oil production will average 9.3 million B/D this year, an increase of 500,000 B/D from 2016.

Most of the production growth from June through the end of next year is expected to come from tight rock formations in the Permian region of Texas and from the Federal Offshore Gulf of Mexico (GOM).

 

IEA: US May Be Top LNG Exporter by 2022

Trent Jacobs, JPT Digital Editor

The US may become the global leader in liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports, according to a new report by the International Energy Agency (IEA). To ascend to the top spot, US LNG shipments must surpass today’s leading exporters, Australia and Qatar.

The IEA called US LNG a “catalyst for change” and highlighted how production from tight shale gas fields is transforming the world’s natural gas marketplace. The Paris-based organization also said the country’s exports will help fuel economic growth in developing countries.
Technology Focus: Drilling Systems Automation and Management (September 2017)
Authors: Macpherson John
Published: August 2017

Technology Focus

The drilling industry is changing. Equipment providers, service companies, and drilling contractors are redefining the boundaries of their business interests, and these boundaries are evidently quite porous.

Over the past year, workshops and symposia have made it clear that consideration of data and digitalization plays an important role in transforming companies in the drilling industry. Systems automation requires a digital backbone and offers significant performance, cost, and safety benefits. It is not surprising, therefore, that companies are exploring data-analytics techniques and drilling systems automation and that this exploration will define the new boundaries (if any remain) between segments of the well-drilling and -completion industry.

The selected papers on drilling systems automation and management pick out various themes in this transformation. One paper deals with close collaboration between operator, drilling contractor, and service company in automating aspects of a drilling operation. Another paper deals with combined modeling and real-time surveillance and the required awareness by rig crews when operating rig-control systems. The third selection deals with the propagation of uncertainty in drilling and the development of a strategy to optimize performance against risk.

These papers, and the alternative papers, illustrate the integration and collaboration that are necessary for drilling systems automation and management, which is transforming the traditional roles of equipment providers, service companies, and drilling contractors.

One story that is somewhat obscured in the selected papers is that human-factors engineering will play an increasingly important role in our industry as we take care in specifying the role played in automated systems by crews both on the rig and remote to the rig.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 183022 Detection of Failures and Interpretation of Causes During Drilling Operations by Pål Skalle, IPT, NTNU, et al.

SPE 184168 Using Bayesian Network To Develop Drilling Expert Systems by Abdullah S. Al-Yami, Saudi Aramco, et al.

SPE/IADC 184611 Improving Torque-and-Drag Prediction Using the Advanced-Spline-Curves Borehole Trajectory by Mahmoud F. Abughaban, Colorado School of Mines, et al.
Laboratory Testing and Prediction of Asphaltene Deposition in Production Wells
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: August 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 27884, “Laboratory Testing and Prediction of Asphaltene Deposition in Production Wells,” by Kosta J. Leontaritis, SPE, and Efstratios Geroulis, SPE, Asphwax, prepared for the 2017 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 1–4 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2017 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

During primary oil production, when the thermodynamic conditions within the well tubing lie inside the asphaltene-deposition envelope (ADE) of the produced fluid, flocculated asphaltene particles could start being deposited on the tubing wall, causing a restriction in the tubing inner diameter that results in loss of production. This paper presents a methodology that begins by determining the ADE in the laboratory. Moreover, asphaltene-deposition rates for the tubing conditions can be measured using high-pressure/high-temperature coaxial-cylinder technology.

In-Situ Asphaltene Testing

At some thermodynamic states, asphaltenes exhibit a behavior called flocculation—that is, asphaltene particles or micelles aggregate or flocculate into larger particles or flocs. The locus of all thermodynamic points in a phase diagram at which flocculation occurs is called the ADE. Accurate measurement of asphaltene solubility at in-situ conditions inside the ADE is extremely difficult. Many asphaltenic reservoir fluids exhibit irreversible asphaltene flocculation. This means that, once the upper ADE boundary is crossed, some of the asphaltenes will not deflocculate and go back into stable suspension by simply reversing the thermodynamic path.

The spectrophotometric near-infrared (NIR) onset method uses the observation that there is a sharp increase in light absorption or attenuation in the NIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum at the onset of asphaltene flocculation.

Transmittance of light through a sample of asphaltenic oil has also been used to detect the onset of asphaltene flocculation. There is a sharp decrease in the transmittance of NIR light through a sample of asphaltenic oil at the onset of asphaltene flocculation.

Along with the spectrophotometer, an NIR imaging system is also used in the attempt to decipher the asphaltene behavior of a fluid.

One can change the thermodynamic conditions in the vessel containing the sample and obtain the oil’s ADE. State-of-the-art high-pressure/high-temperature imaging technology is routinely used in the laboratory to detect asphaltene particles very clearly upon isothermal pressure depletion. The asphaltic heavy-phase-formation phenomenon is indicated in the images to be a consequence of many asphaltene particles forming, aggregating, and settling in the NIR cell under the prevailing thermodynamic conditions. This indicates that the asphaltene-phase behavior responsible for asphaltene-induced formation damage and asphaltene-deposition problems takes two forms—asphaltene flocculation into larger particles or heavy-asphaltic-phase separation.
A transboundary aquifer of potential concern in Southern Africa
Authors: Gomo Modreck , Vermeulen Danie
Published: August 2017

Tuli Karoo transboundary aquifer (TBA) is shared between Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The TBA provides groundwater resources for various economic activities. Irrespective of the value offered by this TBA, there is very little research that has been conducted to improve understanding of the physical system and potential cross-border impacts that can result from exploitation of the aquifer. In the wake of this limited research, this paper uses theoretical background and conceptual understanding to highlight some of the activities that have the potential to cause conflicts within the TBA. This article presents and discusses the current hydrogeological conceptual understanding of the Tuli Karoo TBA system, social and economic activities and their potential impacts on the TBA. Based on the discussions of various scenarios, it can be argued that the potential for groundwater cross-border flow and impacts exist within the TBA. With the ever-increasing and competing demands for fresh water and unpredictable rainfall patterns in the region, the possibility of future conflicts cannot be ruled out. It is hoped that this study can assist in raising awareness about the need to address aspects of sustainable exploitation and management of the TBA.
Opportunities and barriers in scaling up of 24/7 urban water supply: the case of Karnataka, India
Authors: Buurman Joost , Santhanakrishnan Deepak
Published: August 2017

Scaling up pilot projects providing continuous water supply to households in Indian cities has proved challenging. This study identifies opportunities and barriers in scaling up, in order to derive recommendations for bridging the gap between testing policy innovations and bringing projects to scale. We analyse pilot design, required resources, and drivers of stakeholders, institutions and the environment for a case study in Karnataka and find a wide range of factors that affect adoption of 24/7 water supply. Upscaling should be tailor-made for each area, which requires space, scope and capacity to be created for local involvement.
Autoantibodies in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Herawati Eka , Susanto Ardian , Sihombing Christina Noventy
Published: August 2017

Based on American Diabetes Association (ADA), diabetes can be classified into the following general categories: type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and specific types of diabetes due to other cause. Obesity is by far the main underlying factor causing T2D and its pathological potential lies in obesity-associated insulin resistance, activation of innate immunity and chronic low-grade inflammation. When tissue inflammation induced, tissue destruction occurs, 'self' antigens, which are generally not accessible to T cells, can be released from the affected tissues and promote autoimmune activation. The 4 major autoantibodies are islet-cell cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ICA), glutamid acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA), islet antigen-2 antibody (IA-2A) and insulin autoantibodies (IAA). In addition, ZnT8A has recently been found to predict T1D. ZnT8 is contained in the islets of Langerhans, with the highest expression is in β cells of the pancreas. ZnT8A measurements simultaneously with GADA, IA-2A and IAA achieve rates of 98% detection for onset level of autoimmune diabetes. Presence of antibodies in T2D also shows the potential serious complications compared with T2D without antibodies. The combination of GADA, IA-2A and ZnT8A can be suggested as the most powerful and cost-effective diagnostic approach in patients with T1D.Keywords: autoantibody, autoimmune, diabetes mellitus, ICA, GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ZnT8A
La discusión sobre la relación entre antinarcóticos y contrainsurgencia: ideas para la construcción de un marco teórico diferente
Authors: Palma Morales Oscar
Published: August 2017

El presente articulo discute la relación entre antinarcóticos y contrainsurgencia. Como lo han explicado varios criminólogos, las insurgencias pueden experimentar procesos de transformación cuando establecen conexiones con organizaciones criminales o a medida que desarrollan actividades criminales por si mismas. El caso de los narcóticos es un ejemplo claro. Los estados han confrontado dicho tipo de insurgencias a través de una combinación de instrumentos de antinarcóticos y contrainsurgencia, pero de acuerdo a algunos académicos, estos no solo son opuestos sino que el primero es contraproducente para el segundo. Este artículo explica como estos dos conceptos, de hecho, son interdependientes y se necesitan mutuamente. Al final, se propone la base, y solo la base, para un marco teórico sobre la relación entre contrainsurgencia y antinarcóticos, sin discutir los detalles que constituirían un paradigma.
Guerra, sociedad y legitimidad en la construcción del Estado colombiano
Authors: Acosta Gutiérrez Leonardo , Cancelado Franco Henry
Published: August 2017

Todas las instituciones humanas se enfrentan a la pregunta acerca de qué determina que un Estado sea legítimo y legal, y a la cuestión de por qué este tiene la autoridad para ordenar y hacer cumplir la obediencia de los ciudadanos. El problema de la legitimidad del poder del Estado adquiere importancia una vez que el origen y el ejercicio del Estado han sido impugnados o han sido ampliamente desconocidos. Cuando la autoridad del Estado no logra imponerse para construir un proyecto político, económico y social, denominado país, las relaciones conflictivas que se crean van a permear todas sus relaciones internas, van a empoderar a actores ilegales y van a reflejar la falencia del poder a nivel internacional. Es el caso de Colombia dentro de su proyecto republicano, el cual lleva doscientos años de desafíos, aciertos, avances y retrocesos; los cuales han generado aceptación o rechazo por las instituciones legalmente constituidas. Este fenómeno crea un proceso de ilegitimidad que se articula especialmente en la realidad cotidiana de la vida republicana. Realidad que enfrenta el estamento militar, el cual está llamado a hacer soberanía y a defender un territorio. La pregunta se plantea: ¿qué pasa cuando un grupo humano no quiere ser defendido y no quiere ser sometido a un proyecto nacional? Aparece la guerra como recurso y el poder empieza a moverse como dínamo de la vida nacional.
Vigencia y limitaciones de la guerra híbrida
Authors: Colom Guillem
Published: August 2017

La guerra híbrida es uno de los numerosos conceptos barajados hoy en día por la comunidad de defensa internacional para definir las “nuevas guerras” del siglo XXI. Concebida para advertir de una tipología de conflicto que parece integrar el empleo de medios convencionales e irregulares, la guerra híbrida está recibiendo una gran atención a pesar de las controversias que genera. El artículo presenta el concepto de amenaza híbrida, estudia su configuración teórica, identifica sus características fundamentales y evalúa su utilidad práctica.
Discusión epistemológica de la guerra asimétrica: adopción contemporánea de la asimetría interestatal
Authors: Sánchez Hurtado Juan Ricardo , Montero Moncada Luis Alexander , Ardila Castro Carlos Alberto , Ussa Cabrera Antonio José
Published: August 2017

Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la evolución del concepto de “conflicto asimétrico” a partir de la evolución de la guerra irregular moderna, para entender así, las recientes construcciones latinoamericanas más relevantes, dirigidas al enfrentamiento asimétrico interestatal. Por tanto, se analizará en primer lugar el concepto y las características de la guerra asimétrica para luego entenderlo en relación con la estrategia de guerra popular prolongada. En tercer lugar, se analizará la manera en que los actores estatales implementan dichas estrategias asimétricas, para poder introducir la discusión al escenario latinoamericano y así identificar los aportes regionales más relevantes.
Guerra jurídica: el caso colombiano
Authors: Padilla Juan Manuel
Published: August 2017

Los grupos terroristas en Colombia han aplicado la teoría de Mao de la guerra popular prolongada, tratando de utilizar todos los medios disponibles de lucha para lograr sus objetivos revolucionarios de contrarrestar la política de gobiemo. Una manera en que Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC), el Ejército de la Liberación Nacional (ELN) y grupos paramilitares ilegales confrontan a la nación es el uso de la “guerra jurídica” que se define como el uso por parte de fuerzas de oposición de sistemas judiciales nacionales e intemacionales, para lograr la victoria y ganar legitimidad, por cuanto no pueden enfrentar militarmente al gobierno. Los grupos terroristas se han infiltrado hábilmente en el sistema judicial colombiano, y están haciendo uso tanto de instituciones legales nationales como del sistema de derecho intemacional, para ir en contra del gobierno. Han recibido apoyo para su lucha de distintos agentes y organizaciones al interior de la sociedad que intencionalmente o no, están sirviendo a sus intereses. En el presente artículo, donde se presenta una comprensión holística de esta compleja situación que actualmente tiene lugar en Colombia, se muestra cómo las FARC y el ELN están utilizando la guerra jurídica en el contexto de la guerra popular prolongada, como una herramienta para desafiar al gobierno, y ofrece un punto de partida para examinar alternativas de solución que permitan frenar la capacidad de los grupos terroristas de utilizar el sistema judicial para el logro de sus objetivos políticos.
EVALUASI KESESUAIAN PERAIRAN PANTAI TEUPIN LAYEU IBOIH SEBAGAI EKOWISATA BAHARI
Authors: Aswita Dian , Sarong M. Ali , Sugianto Sugianto
Published: August 2017

Pantai Teupin Layeu Iboih merupakan salah satu lokasi wisata yang berada di Kota Sabang dan merupakan salah satu lokasi wisata bahari yang mulai dikembangkan dari wisata massal menjadi ekowisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesesuaian Pantai Teupin Layeu Iboih sebagai lokasi ekowisata bahari, dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2014. Pendekatan dan jenis penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode survai dan observasi lapangan. Parameter dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis terumbu karang, jenis ikan karang, kedalaman perairan, kecerahan perairan, tipe pantai, penutupan lahan pantai, material dasar perairan, dan jarak ketersediaan air tawar. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah Pantai Teupin Layeu Iboih memiliki kriteria sesuai sebagai kawasan ekowisata bahari untuk rekreasi pantai dengan nilai 73% dan sangat sesuai sebagai ekowisata bahari untuk diving dan snorkeling dengan nilai 86,7%.Kata kunci: ekowisata bahari, evaluasi, Iboih
UJI ANTIBAKTERI SUSU FERMENTASI KOMERSIAL PADA BAKTERI PATOGEN
Authors: Khikmah Nur
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari produk susu fermentasi komersial terhadap bakteri patogen. Uji antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Aktivitas antibakteri susu fermentasi komersial diamati dengan terbentuknya zona jernih di sekeliling sumuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yakult dan yoghurt probiotik mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen. Salmonella thypii merupakan bakteri  patogen  yang  paling  sensitif  terhadap  susu  fermentasi.  Daya  hambat  yakult dan yoghurt probiotik terhadap bakteri gram negatif lebih besar daripada bakteri gram positif. Yakult dengan kandungan Lactobacillus casei strain shirota mampu menghambat semua bakteri patogen, yaitu Salmonella thypii, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, dan Staphylococcus aureus.Kata kunci : antibakteri, bakteri patogen, probiotik, produk susu fermentasi
OPTIMIZATION CONCENTRATION OF NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA IN 2.6-BIS-(3’,4’-DIMETHOXY-BENZYLIDENE)CYCLOHEXANONE SYNTHESIS THROUGH CLAISEN-SCHMID REACTION
Authors: Pertiwi Nurul Khotimah Putri , Handayani Sri , Budimarwanti C , Haryadi Winarto
Published: August 2017

This research aimed at determining the optimization concentration of NaOH as a catalyst to produce the compound 2.6-bis(3’,4’-dimethoxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone in maximum yield through Claisen-Schmidt reaction. Synthesizing of 2.6-bis-(3’,4’-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone through Claisen-Schmidt reaction was conducted by stirring method for two hours at 10°C. Raw materials used were 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone. In this research, NaOH was used as a catalyst. The solvents that used were aquades and methanol. Moles variations of NaOH which was added in the research were 0.005; 0.01; 0.02; 0.04 and 0.08 moles. The results shows that the NaOH 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 mol have produce in yield, 89.56, 81.23, 107.68, 115.98, and 14.55% respectively. From the data it can be seen the optimum yield obtained at NaOH 0.04 mol
SENSOR TIMBAL BERBASIS POTENSIOMETRI UNTUK MENDETEKSI KADAR TIMBAL DALAM DARAH
Authors: Novitasari Eka , Anggraeni Ayu Rahayu , Muhiroh - , Dahlan Mokhammad W. , Mulyasuryani Ani
Published: August 2017

Keberadaan timbal di lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh polusi dapat masuk dalam darah. Menurut Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) batas ambang timbal dalam darah yaitu 4.8×10-7 M. Apabila melebihi batas tersebut maka dapat menyebabkan keracunan bahkan kematian. Dengan demikian diperlukan kontrol darah secara berkala dengan metode relatif mudah. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan sensor timbal dalam darah berbasis elektroda selektif ion timbal yang dimodifikasi dengan membran kitosan dan garam timbal sulfida (PbS) sebagai bahan aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kondisi optimum dalam pengembangan sensor ion timbal. Konsentrasi bahan aktif (PbS) yang ditambahkan dalam larutan kitosan yaitu 0,5% sampai 2,5% (b/v). Ketebalan membran yang digunakan yaitu 15 µm; 25 µm; 40 µm; 75 µm. Elektroda diuji pada pH larutan 2; 3; 4 dan 5 dengan konsentrasi larutan standar Pb(NO3)2 10­-8 M hingga 10-1 M. Kinerja optimum elektroda diperoleh pada konsentrasi PbS 1,5% dengan ketebalan membran 15 µm dan pH larutan 4. Bilangan Nernst yang diperoleh yaitu 24,35 mV/dekade dengan kisaran konsentrasi 0,032 ppm hingga 0,322 ppm dan konsentrasi larutan terkecil yang digunakan yaitu 0,032 ppm.
ANALISIS KERENTANAN BANJIR DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) CODE KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nurhadi - , Sumunar Dyah Respati Suryo , Khotimah Nurul
Published: August 2017

ABSTRAK: Analisis kerentanan Banjir Di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Code Kota Yogyakarta. Banjir merupakan fenomena alam yang setiap tahun terjadi khususnya di bantaran kali Code, sehingga hal ini perludi pelajari karakteristiknya Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) kerentanan bencana banjir lahar dingin di sepanjang bantaran Sungai Code Kota Yogyakarta, dan (2) arahan penanggulangan bencana banjir lahar dingin di sepanjang bantaran Sungai Code Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilaksanakan di sepanjang bantaran Sungai Code yang berada di Kota Yogyakarta sejak bulan Mei hingga Oktober 2013. Populasi penelitian adalah sepanjang bantaran Sungai Code yang berada di kawasan Kota Yogyakarta. Sampel penelitian adalah kawasan sepanjang bantaran Sungai Code yang terkena dan tidak terkena dampak banjir lahar dingin. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder, yang dikumpulkan dengan metode dokumentasi, wawancara, dan cek lapangan. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis kuantitatif dengan tumpangsusun/overlay parameter-parameter banjir berjenjang tertimbang dengan menggunakan SIG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Wilayah di bantaran Sungai Code yang memiliki tingkat kerentanan banjir kategori sedang adalah wilayah Cokrodiningratan dan Gowongan, sedangkan wilayah dengan tingkat kerentanan banjir kategori rentan adalah wilayah Sosromenduran, Suryatmajan, Prawirodirjan, Keparakan, Brontokusuman, dan Sorosutan, (2) Arahan penanggulangan banjir dengan perencanaan revitalisasi kawasan permukiman Sungai Code agar lebih terarah dan aman dari bencana, yaitu melalui revitalisasi vertikal dan horizontal.
PENGEMBANGAN STANDARISASI PEWARNA ALAMI BATIK DARI KULIT KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) DENGAN TEKNIK SPEKTROSKOPI
Authors: Widyasti Arum Restu , Lestari Astuti , Amri Khoirul , Naufal Fakhrizal , Budiasih Kun Sri
Published: August 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah diperoleh suatu metode standarisasi warna yaitu penilaian secara konsisten terhadap warna yang dibentuk oleh pewarna alami secang, sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan warna zat pewarna alami batik yang dibuat. Tahapan standarisasi pewarna alami dimulai dengan pemeriksaan taksonomi/determinasi, preparasi pewarna secang dengan cara ekstraksi, proses standarisasi yang meliputi proses standarisasi pewarna alami dan pembuatan standar pewarna sintetis sebagai pembanding, penetapan standar warna, aplikasi zat warna terstandar pada proses pembatikan meliputi pembuatan pola batik dan pembatikan dengan lilin/malam dan proses pewarnaan batik dengan pewarna secang. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif terhadap data absorbansi dan panjang gelombang yang diperoleh dari warna merah yang dibentuk oleh pewarna secang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang gelombang serapan maksimum standar warna merah diperoleh pada 450,20 nm. Panjang gelombang inilah yang digunakan sebagai standar pengukuran warna merah secang yang diterapkan.(THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDIZATION NATURAL COLOUR FROM BATIK OF STEAM BARK (Caesalpinia sappan L) BY SPECTROSCOPHY METHOD)The purpose of this research is to obtain a method of color standardization which is a consistent assessment of the color formed by secang natural dye, so it can be used as a reference color of natural dyes of batik.Standardization steps of natural dyes included taxonomic examination, preparation of secang dye by extraction, standardization process by spectroscopic measurement, with “rapid” dye as standard, application on batik process including batik pattern making and wax application on batik  and batik coloring process with secang dye. Data was analized by absorbance vs wavelength obtained from red color formed by secang dye. The results showed that the maximum absorption wavelength of the standard red color was obtained at 450.20 nm. This value is used as the standard red color measurement
Ideographic Experiences in Raising Dyslexic
Authors: Alias Noor Amiera , Dahlan Akehsan
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study is to illuminate the challenges that mothers experience in raising children with dyslexia. A semi-structured interview was conducted with ten mothers of children with dyslexia at the Dyslexia Association Malaysia (DAM) centre. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach. Two main themes emerged from the interview transcripts, i.e. "difficult yet enduring" and "self-perseverance". The current study revealed challenges of mothers with dyslexic children, which could be addressed by health professionals. In addition, this study provides insights and a deeper understanding for health professionals to support mothers and families who have children with dyslexia.
Privately-Owned Public Space for Public Use
Authors: Nasution Achmad Delianur , Zahrah Wahyuni
Published: August 2017

The study investigated the using of privately-owned public space (POPS) in two gated communities in Medan, Indonesia. The activities of people during the weekend and the physical setting of the POPS were recorded through observation and visual survey. The research found that most of the visitors were not satisfied with the public open space, but they used it intensively. The study indicated that the better quality public open space was more livable compared to the poor quality. Since the visitors in the two public open spaces were mostly people who live outside the gated community, the private-owned public space contributed to public life.
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ROCKFALL IN SOUTH COAST OF GUNUNG KIDUL REGENCY
Authors: Illiyin Odhi Attabik , Faris Fikri
Published: August 2017

On 17th of June 2015, rockfall occurred on the South Coast at Gunung Kidul Regency taking a few casualties. The preliminary investigation results concluded that many cliffs on the South Coast are dangerous, and there is a potential that similar events might happen in the future. Therefore, geotechnical investigation in order to plan mitigation action is necessary. Field investigations, laboratory work, and numerical modeling were employed in this study, focusing on Sadranan beach where the incident happened. Rock slope stability analyses by means two-dimensional finite element in both static and seismic conditions were conducted.  The investigation results show that both biological decay and wave erosion influence the rock slope instability. Moreover, the infilling material in rock joint has considerable effect on the stability of the slope. However, the results from numerical simulation suggested that potential failure was originating from the intact rock body instead of the plane of discontinuities. In the seismic condition, the slopes are more vulnerable and further mitigation action should be considered in the future.
The “Media” System and the Hidden Truth: Journalism Betrayed
Authors: Ph.D. Fabrizio Pezzani,
Published: August 2017

Those wishing to re-read some of the editorials epitomising the cultural and social line of some major American and Italian newspaperswould see how far from the truth the mechanistically repeated news were, seemingly forgetting the facts, without the least self-criticism and with hypocritical malice because the events did not go as they had wanted In this way we are discovering the “fake. News”. The official and servile story seemed more geared to interests other than that which independent information should have. Honoré de Balzac rightly reminded us “History is of two kinds—there is the official history taught in schools, a lying compilation ad usumdelphini; and there is the secret history which deals with the real causes of events—a scandalous chronicle”, but it is in this that we must seek the facts and events we are witnessing. Thus, in some sort of video game and incapable of criticism, we end up hypnotized and subdued by the “big brother” Orwell described, by now unacceptable.
Confront and Cluster—How Different Groups of Primary School Children Respond to Instruction towards Conceptual Change at an Out-of-School Learning Setting
Authors: Glaab Sabine , Heyne Thomas
Published: August 2017

We sampled the alternative conceptions of 257 third grade students (8-11 years old) using an open questionnaire. The answers were categorized into three topics and used to construct a multiple choice instrument. Following the pretest our instruction phase contained the confrontation with the students’ own alternative conceptions about humans’ and cats’ vision at a wildlife-park. Immediately after instruction, the multiple choice instrument was presented as a post test and several weeks later as a retention test. Due to the heterogeneity within our student sample we defined and found five different groups. Our data shows that the instruction of primary school children using confrontation according to the conceptual change theory does not lead to a change of conceptions or to synthetic models, furthermore we found no detectable conceptual growth. Finally, students with the accepted scientific conception as well as students with other concepts seemed to be confused by this instruction.
Permineralización en restos de dinosaurios preservados en depósitos de desbordamiento de la Formación Bajo Barreal (Cretácico Superior), Patagonia central, Argentina.
Authors: Casal Gabriel A. , Nillni Adriana M. , Valle Mauro N. , González Svoboda Ezequiel , Tiedemann Celina
Published: August 2017

The fossil deposit Cañadón Las Horquetas, placed in the centre-south of the Chubut Province, includes the Bajo Barreal Formation of early Cenomanian – late Turonian age. This site presents the greater abundance and diversity of fossil vertebrates in the San Jorge Gulf Basin. The diagenetic processes reported herein represent a little addressed subject in taphonomic studies involving dinosaurs. We present for the first time information on the permineralization processes that affected the dinosaur remains preserved in overflow deposits from the Bajo Barreal Formation, as well as new sedimentological data of the studied unit.Samples from three specimens were studied by chemical analysis, polarization petrographic microscope, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These studies show that all the dinosaurs have had a similar diagenetic history, with the same pattern of mineral replacement. Besides, the similar chemical composition found in the fossils and in the bearing rocks suggest that the enrichment with new elements found in the studied dinosaur remains was due to the direct exchange with the sediments in which they were buried. The now reported diagenetic conditions can be preliminarily extended to the whole lower member of the Bajo Barreal Formation.
Información de autor y estándares de calidad previos en revistas internacionales sobre educación científica
Authors: Perales-Palacios Francisco Javier , Vílchez-González José Miguel , Gutiérrez-Pérez José
Published: August 2017

La literatura empírica sobre calidad de las revistas científicas ha puesto énfasis en criterios de calidad de proceso (evaluación de pares) y de producto (impacto y visibilidad). Menos atención se ha dedicado a los estándares, políticas de calidad editorial y guidelines previos a la revisión de manuscritos. El propósito de este artículo es describir y analizar estos criterios tomandocomo muestra de referencia las revistas sobre didáctica de las ciencias experimentales (Science Education) indexadas en Scopus y en Journal of Citation Reports editadas en lengua inglesa. Partiendo de los estándares de calidad de la American Educational Research Association, se ha revisado si las páginas web de las revistas contemplan estos criterios a priori sobre los requisitosque deben satisfacer los artículos. El trabajo concluye con una propuesta de mejora para las revistas del campo de la educación científica.The empirical literature on quality of journals has emphasized the quality criteria of process (peer review) and of product (impact and visibility). Less attention has been devoted to standards, editorial quality policies and guidelines employed prior to review of manuscripts.The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze these criteria, taking as reference a sample of reviews on Science Education published exclusively in English and indexed in Scopus and in the Journal of Citation Reports. On the basis of the quality standards issued by the American Educational Research Association, journal websites were examined to determineif these “a priori” criteria were actually employed. The paper concludes with a proposal for improving journals in the field of science education.
Evaluareed: desarrollo de una herramienta para la evaluación de la calidad de los recursos educativos electrónicos
Authors: Pinto María , Gómez-Camarero Carmen , Fernández-Ramos Andrés , Vinciane-Doucet Anne
Published: August 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el desarrollo de la herramienta Evaluareed, diseñada para evaluar recursos electrónicos educativos, en especial aquellos orientados a la enseñanza superior. A partir de la revisión de la literatura científica relativa a esta cuestión y utilizando una metodología con un doble enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo, se definen un conjunto decriterios y subcriterios que conforman el checklist. Los indicadores de calidad son los siguientes: 1) calidad del contenido, 2) objetivos y metas de aprendizaje, 3) feedback, 4) usabilidad, 5) motivación, 6) accesibilidad, 7) requerimientos técnicos, 8) propiedad intelectual, y 9) efectividad del recurso desde el punto de vista del aprendizaje. El instrumento permite la evaluación delos recursos y genera un informe con la valoración de la calidad de los mismos y recomendaciones sobre su mejora. Se encuentra disponible en un portal web queproporciona además un repositorio de OCW evaluados de universidades españolas, una selección bibliográfica especializada e información relativa al desarrollo del proyecto.The aim of this paper is to present the development of the Evaluareed instrument, designed to evaluate electronic educational resources, especially those oriented to higher education. From a review of the relevant scientific literature and using a qualitative-quantitative methodology, a set of criteria and sub-criteria are defined. The quality indicators of the checklist are: 1) quality of content, 2) learning aims and goals, 3) feedback, 4) usability, 5) motivation, 6) accessibility,7) technical requirements, 8) intellectual property and 9) effectiveness of the resource in terms of learning. The instrument allows the evaluation of resources and generates a quality assessment report, showing data and improvement recommendations. It is available at a web site that also provides a repository of Open Course Ware (OCW) assessed from Spanish universities, a selection of literature and specialized information concerning project design.
ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS OF LEAD ION BY CHITOSAN FROM SHRIMP SHELL
Authors: Rahmadani Yenni , Rozani Fauzia , Rahmi Azimatur , Suardi Muslim
Published: August 2017

The adsorption activities of chitosan from dried shrimp shells Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabrices) has been studied by analyzing its ability to remove lead ion from aqueous solution. This process including (i) isolation of chitosan from shrimp sells by  deproteinization with NaOH, demineralization by adding HCl solution, decolorization with sodium hypo chloride and deacetylation by adding NaOH, (ii) studied of interaction between chitosan and Pb. The qualitative and quantitative method were used to analyses this chitosan. The isolate of chitosan has 72.39 % degree of deacetylation. This isolate was added into lead solution 10 – 1000 mg/l at pH 5. Furthermore, the solutions were shaken during 24 hours. After separation of chitosan from solution, the filtrate was identified by using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometric. The results showed that chitosan from dried shrimp shells can used as adsorbent of lead ion at pH 5 which followed Freundlich isotherm (r > 0.95).
The Flux of Communication: Innis, Wiener, and the Perils of Positive Feedback
Authors: Bonnett John
Published: August 2017

Background In the early 1940s, two men from different disciplinary contexts converged on three concerns: information, its dynamics, and the pathologies stemming from those dynamics. Norbert Wiener studied these concerns from the context of mechanical and biological systems. Harold Innis viewed them from the perspective of political, social, and cultural systems.

Analysis The purpose of this study is to establish this commonality, and consider its implications for two histories, those of the Cybernetic and Toronto Schools of Communication.

Conclusion and implications For the Cybernetic School, the similarity suggests that the intellectual roots behind it are more extensive than scholars have appreciated. For the Toronto School, this study suggests that the concepts of information, increasing returns, and the flux of communication are neglected constituents of Innis’ thought.
Fruits of Gregory Bateson’s Epistemological Crisis: Embodied Mind-Making and Interactive Experience in Research and Professional Praxis
Authors: Russell David , Ison Ray
Published: August 2017

Background: The espoused rationale for this special issue, situated “at the margins of cybernetics,” was to revisit and extend the common genealogy of cybernetics and communication studies. Two possible topics garnered our attention: 1) the history of intellectual adventurers whose work has appropriated cybernetic concepts; and 2) the remediation of cybernetic metaphors.

Analysis: A heuristic for engaging in first- and second-order R&D praxis, the design of which was informed by co-research with pastoralists (1989–1993) and the authors’ engagements with the scholarship of Bateson and Maturana, was employed and adapted as a reflexive inquiry framework.

Conclusion and implications: This inquiry challenges the mainstream desire for change and the belief in getting the communication right in order to achieve change. The authors argue this view is based on an epistemological error that continues to produce the very problems it intends to diminish, and thus we live a fundamental error in epistemology, false ontology, and misplaced practice. The authors offer instead conceptual and praxis possibilities for triggering new co-evolutionary trajectories.
CLIENT-ORIENTED OPTIMIZATION OF ACTIVE TOURISM PROPERTIES
Authors: Дьяченко  , Dyachenko Aleksandr
Published: August 2017

Based on the results of theoretical studying the active tourism, the article synthesizes the category and formulates the imperatives of active tourist recreation management, and proposes the approach to corresponding economic processes optimization. It was revealed that active tourism is implemented in the form of travels and sports entertainments for all population groups, including people with disabilities, through programs of hiking, climbing, sports games, rafting, diving, safari, horse ride walks, skiing, cycling, motorcycling, car walks, nonprofessional activities of any kind of sports. At the same time, an active way of traveling along the route is carried out with the orientation to the possibilities, needs, tastes, preferences of the holidaymaker and local attractions. This makes it possible to provide treatment, health improvement, and recreation for tourists, increase inbound tourist flows, create workplaces, and attract investments for the implementation of promising infrastructure development projects of active types of travel and recreation. The author point out the necessity to choose the criteria for optimizing the routes of active tourism, focused on resources properties satisfying the tourist needs, tastes and preferences.vit should be based on the unique sports and recreational resources and increasing tourist needs. The author proposes and illustrates the approach that makes it possible to optimize electing basic properties of resources affecting the satisfaction of participants of active tours, and, consequently, on the price of the relevant services.

This work was supported by RHSF Grant №17-12-34032.
LOCAL LORE GROUNDS FOR ACTIVE TOURISM
Authors: Голубчиков Юрий , Golubchikov YUriy
Published: August 2017

The article considers the history of the domestic local lore in the Soviet period from of the “small geography” to the history of party building in a specific area (region) or the city. As a result, the scientific world regarded the local lore studies not as the fundamental knowledge, but as educational or monuments protection activities. Internet and mass tourism development engaged general public at the the process of geographical knowledge. Networked communities are replacing the territorial communities, and local lore is becoming a networked. The active tourism practices mix training with fun, adventure and search activities. It is assumed that the search for knowledge and understanding through active tourism will be the dominant theme of the education of the future. Ideology of local history lies in conservatism and catastrophism. The technosphere complication occurs with simplifying its diversity and growth of risk of a catastrophic outcome. In other words, all of the obsolete, outgoing and unnecessary in a critical mode may be the most necessary.
A “Corrupção” do Sistema Penal: o caso brasileiro
Authors: Torres Ana Paula Repolês , Prates Francisco De Castilho
Published: August 2017

Buscamos, no presente artigo, a partir de uma análise sociológica do direito penal, refletir sobre como a exclusão social influi na própria configuração do crime e do criminoso. A nossa hipótese, baseada na Teoria dos Sistemas de Niklas Luhmann, é que existe, principalmente nas denominadas “periferias” da modernidade, uma “corrupção” do sistema penal, na medida em que o mesmo opera com distinções que lhe são estranhas, incluindo somente pessoas excluídas dos demais sub-sistemas sociais. Baseamos a pesquisa em dados oficiais sobre o sistema penitenciário e penal brasileiro, dados este que corroboram as impressões derivadas da pesquisa de campo.
Los partidos y la representación política en proceso de cambio
Authors: Losada Rodrigo
Published: August 2017

Este artículo señala dos limitaciones en la literatura latinoamericana que analiza la llamada crisis de representación política. La primera proviene de la ambigüedad con que se maneja el término ‘partido político’ como concepto, y la segunda, destaca la escasa familiaridad de los autores con las nuevas perspectivas sobre la representación política publicadas en inglés. Se arguye que el diagnóstico sobre la crisis aludida ganaría, por un lado, si se hace a partir de un concepto cuantificable de partido político, y por otro, si incorpora algunos elementos de las nuevas perspectivas recién mencionadas.
Significado e impacto de la noción de contrato social en Rousseau y Kant. Alcances y limitaciones en la teoría democrática
Authors: Marín Jefferson Jaramillo
Published: August 2017

En este artículo se revisan algunas de las similitudes y diferencias alrededor de la fundamentación política y jurídica que otorgan a la noción de contrato social dos pensadores modernos: Jean Jacques Rousseau e Immanuel Kant. En el texto se señala lo revolucionario de la noción, a partir de mostrar sus principales significados e impactos. También se reflexiona sobre los alcances y dificultades que tiene la propuesta contractual en la teoría democrática contemporánea.
Del propósito de la filosofía
Authors: Altuzarra José Gabriel Cristancho
Published: August 2017

Es vital preguntarse qué enseñar de la filosofía y cómo; pero para resolver este interrogante, primero es necesario determinar con qué propósito hacerlo pero, sobre todo, saber cuál es el propósito de la filosofía. Quizás determinandoesta base esencial sea más claro resolver preguntas de carácter pedagógico y didáctico; aun más, todo esto contribuirá a aclarar la misión de la filosofía ydel filósofo en la actualidad.Para resolver esta pregunta se hace una reflexión sobre las prácticas filosóficas académicas tradicionales. Luego, a partir de algunos autores, se hace una disertación sobre qué es la filosofía, para deducir en qué aspectos de las prácticas académicas actuales está presente o distante. Finalmente, se plantean algunas prácticas para ampliar las perspectivas del filosofar y su enseñanza.
Intelectuales latinoamericanos: desfases, tensiones y proyecciones
Authors: Araya Leonardo Vidal
Published: August 2017

El autor aborda la problemática de los intelectuales latinoamericanos en los nuevos escenarios culturales, particularmente las proyecciones y posibilidad deintervención del trabajo intelectual. Analiza algunos desfases y tensiones asociados a la práctica intelectual, para finalmente presentar una visión, respecto de laproyección del trabajo, examinando la posibilidad de una eventual intervención, a través de un reposicionamiento del trabajo intelectual latinoamericano. Examina potenciales aptitudes, características y funciones asociadas a un hipotéticointelectual latinoamericano, quien en virtud de mantener un cierto compromiso sea capaz reposicionarse y sobrevivir en medio de la dispersión postmoderna asociada a los actuales escenarios culturales. El “intelectual estratega” sería unintelectual con la capacidad necesaria para actuar estratégicamente en el contexto de relaciones de poder y con la convicción suficiente para responder al llamado de la función crítica y ejercerla con cierta eficacia en escenarios de amplia dispersión y grandes desequilibrios.