bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction models of all‐cause mortality among older adults in nursing home setting: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Shengruo , Zhang Kehan , Chen Yan , Wu Chenkai
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

Few studies have meta‐analyzed different prognostic models developed for older adults, especially nursing home residents. We aimed to systematically review and meta‐analyze the performance of all published models that predicted all‐cause mortality among older nursing home residents.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE from the databases' inception to January 1, 2020 to capture studies developing and/or validating a prognostic/prediction model for all‐cause mortality among nursing home residents. We then carried out both qualitative and quantitative analyses evaluating these models' risks of bias and applicability.

Results

The systematic search yielded 23,975 articles. We identified 28 indices that predicted the risk of all‐cause mortality from 14 days to 39 months among older adults in nursing homes. The most used predictors were age, sex, body weight, swallowing problem, congestive heart failure, shortness of breath, body mass index, and activities of daily living. Of the 28 indices, 8 (29%) and 3 (11%) were internally and externally validated, respectively. None of the indices was validated in more than one cohort. Of the 28 indices, 22 (79%) reported the C‐statistic, while only 6 (6%) reported the 95% confidence interval for the C statistic in the development cohorts. In the validation cohorts, 11 (39%) reported the C‐statistic and 8 (29%) reported the 95% confidence interval. The meta‐analyzed C statistic for all indices is 0.733 (95% prediction interval: 0.669−0.797). All studies/indices had high risks of bias and high concern for applicability according to PROBAST.

Conclusion

We identified 28 indices for predicting all‐cause mortality among older nursing home residents. The overall quality of evidence was low due to a high degree of bias and poor reporting of model performance statistics. Before any prediction model could be recommended in routine care, future research is needed to rigorously validate existing prediction models and evaluate their applicability and develop new prediction models.
Ex vivo fluorescence imaging for the identification of rhodamine‐labeled bovine serum albumin and chitosan‐coated gold and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Devanabanda Mallaiah , Sana Siva Sankar , Vadde Ramakrishna , Madduri Ramanadham , Venkatesan Raja , Eldesoky Gaber E. , Kim Seong‐Cheol
Published: June 2023

Therapeutic potential and toxic effects of in vivo administered gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and silver nanoparticles (SNP) depend on distribution in tissues. Rhodamine (Rho) labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and chitosan (Chi) were prepared by covalent conjugation and were characterized by fluorescence spectral analysis. GNP and SNP were coated with the labeled conjugates of BSA and chitosan by adsorption. The soluble Rho‐BSA or Rho‐Chi conjugates, uncoated, and conjugate‐coated GNP, and SNP were orally administered into 8‐week‐old rats. After 24 h, rats were euthanized and the liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus were dissected. The tissues were examined ex vivo using a small animal in vivo imaging system. The liver, kidney, and thymus displayed higher fluorescence due to increased accumulation of Rho‐BSA or Rho‐Chi conjugate‐coated nanoparticles (NPs) in the tissues as compared to the spleen where lower fluorescence was noticed. Tissues obtained from rats that were administered Rho‐BSA or Rho‐Chi conjugate‐coated GNP and SNP showed tenfold higher fluorescence intensity as compared to tissues from rats that were given soluble conjugates or NP alone. The results strongly suggest significant tissue distribution of NP following oral administration.
可動式気管カニューレ「アジャストフィット」の有用性と有害事象の検討(Efficacy and safety of adjustable tracheal cannula “Adjust Fit”)
Authors: 大輔 山田 , 宏隆 澤野 , 知香子 赤井 , 英治 山口 , 淳一郎 加藤 , 将啓 福田 , 裕介 伊藤
Published: June 2023

気管切開後の気管カニューレの選定は極めて重要である。不適切なカニューレの選択は，チューブの脱離や内腔閉塞などの致死的合併症につながりうる。アジャストフィット® （AF）は，いかなる気管切開孔にも適合することを目指して開発された気管カニューレであり，①ウイングを調節することで気管内に挿入するチューブの長さを調節できる，②シリコン製のスパイラルチューブが柔軟に変形し内腔を保つ，という特徴を持つ。しかし，複数の症例を対象に有用性を検討した研究は少なく，適応や合併症についても未だ不明な点が多い。2017～2022年に当院にてAFが使用された13症例について，その有用性と有害事象を後方視的に検討した。導入理由は，気管前面の皮下組織の肥厚：9例，気管の変形・偏位：3例，気管内狭窄：1例，不明：1例であった（1例重複）。有害事象はカニューレの脱離：4例，内腔狭窄：2例，チューブ先端と気管壁の干渉による換気不全：1例であった。高度の肥満症例や，喉頭全摘出後などの気管の偏移を伴う症例において，AFが有用であり，適応の判断については頸部CT検査が有用であった。しかし，AF特有の構造に起因した，チューブの脱離や内腔の狭窄といった重大な合併症も見られた。AFは適応を慎重に検討し，製品の構造上の特徴を理解して管理を行えば，気道管理において有用なデバイスであると考える。
熱中症治療経過中に悪性症候群との鑑別を要した悪性緊張病の1例(A case of malignant catatonia differentiated from other malignant syndromes during heatstroke treatment)
Authors: 淳 永井 , 憲一郎 西 , 菜都美 山本 , 崇 小松崎 , 明久 岡本 , 夕美 大村 , 大介 水
Published: June 2023

悪性緊張病は統合失調症のみならず，熱中症などの外的要因を含む様々な病態から移行する致死的疾患であるが，意識障害・発熱・CPK上昇など同様の症状を呈する悪性症候群との鑑別が困難である。今回我々は，病歴不明の状態で救急搬送され，横紋筋融解症を合併した重症熱中症のため集中治療管理を要した症例において，抜管後に再度意識障害・発熱・CPK上昇を認め，救急・集中治療専門医および精神科専門医のそれぞれの知見よりダントロレンおよびベンゾジアゼピン（BZ）を同時に投与開始する診断的治療において悪性緊張病と診断した1例を経験した。
破傷風回復期に両側横隔膜麻痺を呈した1例(Diaphragmatic paralysis during recovery from tetanus: a case report)
Authors: 佳代子 原田 , 靖卓 古賀 , 雄史 八木 , 昌樹 戸谷 , 浩太郎 金田 , 基 藤田 , 良介 鶴田
Published: June 2023

破傷風はClostridium tetaniが産生する毒素による筋強直・攣縮を特徴とし，急性期に咽喉頭・呼吸筋の痙性麻痺に伴う呼吸不全を来す。今回我々は，破傷風回復期に横隔膜の弛緩性麻痺によるII型呼吸不全を呈した稀な症例を経験した。症例は80歳代の女性。嚥下障害と呼吸困難を主訴に紹介となった。約3週間前に左母指化膿創の治療歴があり，開口障害・頸部筋強直とあわせて破傷風と診断した。咽喉頭攣縮・誤嚥による呼吸不全を認め，気管挿管し人工呼吸を開始した。自発呼吸を温存した人工呼吸を行い，第10病日には筋強直の改善に伴い抜管した。しかし，直後からII型呼吸不全を呈し，咽喉頭攣縮・誤嚥の持続と判断して再挿管した。その後に気管切開を行い，第13病日に人工呼吸器から離脱したが，やはりII型呼吸不全のため再装着となった。胸部X線写真で新規両側横隔膜挙上を認め，エコーでも横隔膜運動低下が見られたため，横隔膜麻痺と診断した。横隔神経伝導検査では複合筋活動電位減弱を認めたが，遠位潜時の延長は明らかではなかった。その後は自然に改善を認め，第23病日に人工呼吸器から離脱した。破傷風で筋強直・攣縮を伴わない呼吸不全を認める場合は，横隔膜麻痺による弛緩性麻痺も考慮すべきである。
Cattell–Braasch法とmodified Mattox法の併用が有用であった外傷性下膵十二指腸動脈損傷の1例(Management of traumatic inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery injury: use of the Cattell–Braasch and modified Mattox maneuvers)
Authors: 良平 小崎 , 智 岡 , 理 赤坂 , 茂 山岸 , 英明 阿南
Published: June 2023

74歳の男性。歩行中に乗用車に衝突され当院搬送となった。来院時ショック状態でfocused assessment with sonography for trauma（FAST）陽性であり，腹腔内出血による出血性ショックと診断した。直ちに気管挿管と緊急輸血，resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta（REBOA）留置を行い，緊急開腹術を行った。5点パッキング後，膵頭部後腹膜の膨隆を認めたため，Cattell–Braasch法を施行した。膵鉤部が挫滅し上腸間膜静脈から出血していたため，可及的に縫合し止血した。タオルパッキングを行いopen abdomen management（OAM）とした。術後の造影CT検査では，膵アーケードからの血管外漏出を認めたため，interventional radiology（IVR）を施行して下膵十二指腸動脈損傷と診断し，血管塞栓術を施行した。48時間後の計画的再手術でも膵頭部背側からの持続出血を認めたため，modified Mattox法を施行し，上腸間膜動脈根部の視野を確保し下膵十二指腸動脈を結紮止血した。その後の経過は良好で後遺症なく社会復帰した。外傷性膵損傷は血管損傷を合併すると死亡率が高いとされ，迅速な出血制御が救命において重要である。血管損傷を伴う膵損傷に対しては，左右からの授動を行うことで十分な視野を確保することができ，安全な血管処理ができる可能性がある。
Combined use of sensory methods for the selection of root, tuber and banana varieties acceptable to end‐users
Authors: Bechoff Aurélie , Adinsi Laurent , Ngoh Newilah Gérard , Nakitto Mariam , Deuscher Zoé , Ssali Reuben , Chijioke Ugo , Khakasa Elizabeth , Nowakunda Kephas , Bouniol Alexandre , Dufour Dominique , Bugaud Christophe
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

The assessment of user acceptability in relation to crop quality traits should be a full part of breeding selection programs. Our methodology is based on a combination of sensory approaches aiming to evaluate the sensory characteristics and user acceptability of root, tuber and banana (RTB) varieties.

RESULTS

The four‐stepped approach links sensory characteristics to physicochemical properties and end‐user acceptance. It starts with the development of key quality traits using qualitative approaches (surveys and ranking) and it applies a range of sensory tests such as Quantitative Descriptive Analysis with a trained panel, Check‐All‐That‐apply, nine‐point hedonic scale and Just‐About‐Right with consumers. Results obtained on the same samples from the consumer acceptance, sensory testing and physicochemical testing are combined to explore correlations and develop acceptability thresholds.

CONCLUSION

A combined qualitative and quantitative approach involving different sensory techniques is necessary to capture sensory acceptance of products from new RTB clones. Some sensory traits can be correlated with physicochemical characteristics and could be evaluated using laboratory instruments (e.g. texture). Other traits (e.g. aroma and mealiness) are more difficult to predict, and the use of a sensory panel is still necessary. For these latter traits, more advanced physicochemical methods that could accelerate the breeding selection through high throughput phenotyping are still to be developed. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Hunting and seagrass affect fall stopover Canada goose distribution in eastern Canada
Authors: Leblanc Mélanie‐Louise , Hanson Alan , Leblon Brigitte , LaRocque Armand , Humphries Murray M.
Published: June 2023

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) migrating along coastal flyways are reliant on natural coastal ecosystems. Within these stopover sites, eelgrass (Zostera marina), the most common and widespread seagrass species in North America, is an important food resource for migrating waterfowl. Given the growing anthropogenic pressure on coastal ecosystems, geese migrating along coastal regions may find it increasingly difficult to access suitable stopover sites where food is abundant and human disturbance is low. We assessed the influence of hunting and eelgrass on the spatiotemporal distribution of Canada geese in the Tabusintac Bay, New Brunswick, Canada, a wetland of international importance. We surveyed Canada geese at 6 stations from mid‐September to late October, 2016 and 2017. We used 2‐part hurdle models consisting of generalized linear mixed models with binomial and negative binomial response distributions to model Canada geese presence and abundance, respectively, in relation to eelgrass abundance, distance to the mainland coastline, water depth, and tidal conditions in 3 different hunting intensity periods. Eelgrass abundance is a significant predictor of Canada geese presence early in the season, when hunting activity is low. At the onset of the hunting period, geese shifted diurnal distribution to areas farther offshore, indicating a response to avoid disturbance, and the abundance of Canada geese increased with increasing eelgrass availability, emphasizing the importance of eelgrass as a food source during fall migration in that region. Thus, our results highlight the effects of human disturbance and eelgrass abundance in influencing stopover behavior of Canada geese during fall migration in eastern Canada.
Cofinal types on ω2
Authors: Kuzeljevic Borisa , Todorcevic Stevo
Published: June 2023

In this paper we start the analysis of the class , the class of cofinal types of directed sets of cofinality at most ℵ2. We compare elements of using the notion of Tukey reducibility. We isolate some simple cofinal types in , and then proceed to find some of these types which have an immediate successor in the Tukey ordering of .
A Comprehensive Monte Carlo Model of the Grafting of Maleic Anhydride onto Polypropylene with Experimental Validation
Authors: Romero Pietrafesa Tomás , Brandolin Adriana , Sarmoria Claudia , Asteasuain Mariano
Published: June 2023

A Monte Carlo model is employed to investigate the grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene using a peroxide initiator. The study aimed to develop a comprehensive model that considered a very detailed kinetic mechanism, including chain transfer to polymer, homopolymerization as well as several copolymer reactions. The relative importance of these reactions is evaluated using a sensitivity analysis, which identified homopolymerization, β‐scission, chain grafting, and termination by disproportionation as the most influential reactions. The kinetic constants of these reactions are tuned to fit reported experimental data using the Surface Response Method. The model considers a pseudo‐homogeneous reaction medium and predicts average molecular weights, degree of grafting, molecular weight distribution, and grafting distribution. Furthermore, model simulations provided useful information about the impact of initial concentrations of reactants and reaction time on the molecular properties of the grafted polymer.
Inverse source problem with a posteriori boundary measurement for fractional diffusion equations
Authors: Janno Jaan , Kian Yavar
Published: June 2023

In this article, we study inverse source problems for time‐fractional diffusion equations from a posteriori boundary measurement. Using the memory effect of these class of equations, we solve these inverse problems for several class of space‐ or time‐dependent source terms. We prove also the unique determination of a general class of space–time‐dependent separated variables source terms from such measurement. Our approach is based on the study of singularities of the Laplace transform in time of boundary traces of solutions of time‐fractional diffusion equations.
Can you breathe yourself to a better pelvic floor? A systematic review
Authors: Bø Kari , Driusso Patricia , Jorge Cristine Homsi
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Some authors suggest that breathing exercises should be recommended instead of or in combination with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) to prevent and treat urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Aims

The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the evidence for breathing as an intervention alone or in addition to PFM contraction in treatment of UI and POP.

Materials & Methods

This systematic review included short‐term experimental studies and randomize controlled trials (RCTs) indexed on PubMed, EMBASE, and PEDro database. A form was used to extract data that was analyzed qualitatively due to the heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures of the included studies. The individual methodological quality of RCTs was analyzed using the PEDro scale.

Results

A total of 18 studies were included, 374 participants from short‐term experimental studies and 765 from nine RCTs. PEDro score varied from 4 to 8. Activation of the PFM during expiration was significantly less than during a PFM contraction. In general, the RCTs showed that training the PFM is significantly more effective to improve PFM variables and UI and POP than breathing exercises, and that adding breathing exercises to PFMT have no additional effect.

Conclusion

This systematic review indicates that the evidence for incorporating breathing exercise in clinical practice in addition to or instead of PFMT is scant or non‐existing, both based on short‐term experimental studies and small RCTs.
Satisfaction and perceived impact of virtual learning during COVID‐19 lockdown: A case study of an online nursing research conference
Authors: Adesuyi Emmanuel O. , Akingbade Oluwadamilare , Tola Yetunde O. , Otun Oluwadamilola , Faleti Damilola M. , Fawole Israel O. , Faleti Daniel D. , Dairo Emmanuel A. , Sado Olamide , Adefehinti Pelumi , Adewa Taiwo Olubunmi
Published: June 2023

Aim

This study aimed to assess nurses' satisfaction and perceptions of the impact of virtual learning.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional survey.

Method

236 nurses attending an online conference from several parts of Nigeria participated in the study. Analysed data were summarized and presented in tables and graphs, while linear regression was used to measure the associations.

Results

Most of the respondents perceived the programme as highly impactful. All three domains: learner‐content interaction (p = 0.020), learner–instructor interaction (p = 0.000) and learner–learner interaction (p = 0.000), were found to be statistically significantly associated with the perceived impact of the programme, and thus statistically significant predictors of the effects of online learning (p = 0.02), (F = 5.471). Conclusively, the Interaction of learners with learning content, lecturers and other learners was seen as determinants of an effective and impactful online education. It is recommended that nursing training institutions embrace online learning either as the leading platform or as an adjunct to a face‐to‐face method.
Synthesis of trimethylolphosphine carbamate and its flame retardant application in cotton
Authors: Ma Xueyan , Liu Bingqing , Hao Yongbing , Guo Xing , Liu Lixia , Wang Jia , Chao Shujun , Shan Linlin , Shang Xuefang
Published: June 2023

A novel free‐halogen flame retardant (trimethylolphosphine carbamate, THPON) was synthesized through the simple reaction between tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride and urea. Small molecule THPON could infiltrated the cotton fibers and grafted on cotton cellulose by amide bond. What is more, THPON did not change the inherent crystal structure of cotton because it infiltrated into the amorphous region of cotton. THPON‐treated cotton was easily decomposed into phosphoric acid or polyphosphate at lower temperature and exhibited good flame retardancy due to the N/P synergistic effect. Compared to control, the heat release rate of THPON‐treated cotton increased slower, indicating that a protective carbon layer formed and acted as a barrier. In addition, THPON displayed the low cytotoxicity and biosafety. The development and properties of THPON could provide an important data for the further application in the industry.
Microjoule‐Range Diamond NV‐Laser with Optical Pumping
Authors: Genin Dmitriy , Lipatov Evgeniy , Shulepov Mikhail , Vins Victor , Yelisseyev Alexander , Izmailov Igor , Savvin Alexander , Dormidonov Alexander
Published: June 2023

Laser generation of NV‐centers in diamond with pulse energy up to 48 μJ and efficiency about 1% is performed. Also, we observe strong influence of low‐intensity short‐wavelength irradiation on pulse energy: in presence of this irradiation the pulse energy increased by factor up to 3.5. Additionally, we make an attempt to estimate theoretically our samples’ gain coefficient. GA. Laser generation with pulse energy up to 48 μJ and efficiency about 1% is performed using diamond, containing NV‐centers, as laser active element. Diamond crystal was pumped by 532 by 532 nm radiation. Also, strong influence of low‐intensity short‐wavelength irradiation on pulse energy is observed: in presence of this irradiation the pulse energy increased by factor up to 3.5.
Carrier‐Modulated Anomalous Electron Transport in Electrolyte‐Gated SrTiO3
Authors: Chen Peizhuo , Zhang Junhu , Zhou Guanzhong , Zhai Wenjing , Lin Lin , Yan Zhibo , Chen Chao , Jiang Xiangping , Lu Chengliang , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: June 2023

The anomalous transport phenomena and underlying mechanism of SrTiO3 have been long term concerned, including the Kondo physics and anomalous Hall effects to be discussed herein. Nevertheless, a clarification of the physical origins for these phenomena and their intertransitions upon varying carrier density remain to be an issue, due to the limited modulation of carrier density. Herein, the intriguing transport behaviors of electrolyte‐gated SrTiO3 in the field‐effect transistor geometry are investigated, which allows a relatively wide carrier density window. It is revealed that the remarkable Kondo‐like resistance upturn, identified at relatively low carrier density, becomes gradually disappeared and replaced by the emerging nonlinear Hall resistance with increasing gating voltage, indicating the interesting gating‐controlled transport behaviors. The detailed discussions on the underlying physics suggest that the gating‐controlled transport can be well described by the multiband transport model taking into account magnetic scattering in the channel layer, a comprehensive scenario for the emergent transport effects in carrier‐doped SrTiO3. The present work provides a promising platform for exploring novel quantum materials phenomena in SrTiO3 and analogous systems.
Sanguisorba officinalis L. promotes diabetic wound healing in rats through inflammation response mediated by macrophage
Authors: Song Jianying , Zeng Jing , Zheng Silin , Jiang Nan , Wu Anguo , Guo Shengming , Ye Rupei , Hu Lixin , Huang Feihong , Wang Long , Xiaogang Zhou , Liu Bo , Wu Jianming , Chen Qi
Published: June 2023

Sanguisorba officinalis L., a traditional Chinese medicine, is frequently used to treat burns and scalds. But even so, it is unknown whether S. officinalis L. can accelerate diabetic wounds (DW) healing. Here, to bridge the gap, we employed in vivo and in vitro evaluations to assess the positive effect of S. officinalis L. ethanol extract (ESO) on DW. Results demonstrated that ESO dramatically improved the DW healing rate. With ESO treatment, the inappropriately elevated levels of IL6, IL1β and TNFα in DW were reduced, while the expression of IL10 was increased, indicating that the abnormal inflammation in DW was also under control. Moreover, the abnormally elevated expression of CD86 was significantly inhibited and the expression of CD206 was significantly up‐regulated following treatment with ESO. The global level of NF‐κB protein was not affected by ESO treatment, but it suppressed the expression of phosphorylated NF‐κB and prevented its nuclear entry. In addition, in RAW264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the expression of NLRP3, Caspase1 and IL1β were significantly diminished following ESO treatment. In conclusion, ESO was proved to be a promising treatment for DW healing due to its potential to accelerate the healing process by suppressing the inflammatory response. This was achieved by increasing the ratio of M2 to M1 polarization through blocking the NF‐κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Integration frameworks and intelligent research in dynamic fault tree: A comprehensive review and future perspectives
Authors: Zhu Chengyuan , Jiang Yajie , Liu Guangyu , Zhang Tianyuan
Published: June 2023

Dynamic fault tree (DFT) is designed to conduct risk assessment studies of complex systems. With the development of intelligent and network technology, risk assessment technology faces a leap forward development. The requirements for improving system safety are being recognized. On the one hand, research on DFT is exploring the integration with different methods. On the other hand, DFT method becomes more intelligent. The purpose of this paper is to identify the feasibility and effectiveness of different integration frameworks. To achieve this goal, a suitable review process is proposed. This paper comprehensively reviews and proposes future perspective the research status of intellectualization in DFT, and focuses on the different types of integration framework of DFT, modeling technology and algorithm optimization, and the support of computer‐aided analysis. Theoretical contributions, frameworks features, and the development process of computer intelligent analysis in the scientific and technical literature are carefully reviewed. Finally, the challenges in future research are summarized to promote the development of intelligent evaluation.
Hydrogeomorphological processes and plant invasion. What interactions in the case of Asian knotweeds along the Herault River (France)?
Authors: Didier Marie , Borgniet Laurent , Le Bouteiller Caroline , Evette André , Boyer Mireille , Dommanget Fanny
Published: June 2023

Considered one of the five major threats to biodiversity worldwide, Invasive Alien Species (IAS) particularly threaten riparian ecosystems. Among the IAS found on riverbanks, Asian knotweeds (Reynoutria spp. including R. japonica Houtt.; R. sachalinensis [F.Schmidt] Nakai and the hybrid R. x bohemica Chrtek & Chrtkova) can barely be controlled as, once established, they disperse easily along stream banks via rhizome or stem fragments transported by water. However, the hydrogeomorphological processes underlying the establishment of Asian knotweeds are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to describe and model the hydrogeomorphological preferences of Asian knotweeds along a Mediterranean river. Based on exhaustive presence/absence surveys, we implemented two models related to the presence of Asian knotweeds: (1) at the river reach scale and (2) at the finer scale of the alluvial bar. Areas of low curvature identified as convex banks and the central parts of alluvial bars appear to be more susceptible to knotweed establishment. Highly disturbed areas were less favorable to maintaining plant species, including Asian knotweeds, while less disturbed areas with denser plant cover were more favorable to Asian knotweeds. The results seem to indicate a trade‐off hypothesis in the knotweed establishment strategy between hydrogeomorphological constraints and strong interspecific competition. Analyzed in the light of the current literature, our final models are designed to integrate hydrogeomorphological processes in order to provide an operational tool to help river managers locate the areas most susceptible to knotweed invasion and with important implications for managing these species in riparian ecosystems.
Comparision of NH3−SCR Activity over Cu‐Ce‐La/MCM‐49 and Cu‐Ce‐La/MCM‐22 Zeolites
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Yang Jian , Cui Jinxing , Li Zhifang , Yang Changlong , Ma Yuanyuan , Zhang Qian
Published: June 2023

The addition of La onto Cu‐Ce modified MWW type zeolite (MCM‐49 and MCM‐22) catalysts were synthesized by ion exchange process and the effect of different support (MCM‐49 and MCM‐22) on the activity was also discussed for ammonia selective catalytic reduction of NOx (NH3−SCR). The addition of La can significantly improve the catalytic performance of Cu‐Ce/MCM‐49. Furthermore, the addition of La can also facilitate electron transfer by the cycle of oxidation of Cu2++Ce3+→Cu++Ce4+ for Cu‐Ce‐La/MCM‐49. The electron transfer is beneficial to “FAST SCR” in that it can promote the conversion of NO to NO2, thus improving denitrification performance. Moreover, La can also provide the excellent surface acidity, which is favorable for the generation of oxygen vacancies. Compared with Cu‐Ce‐La/MCM‐22, Cu‐Ce‐La/MCM‐49 catalyst exhibited better SCR activity within 200–450 °C on account of the good redox performance and the more Ce3+ content. In addition, Ce3+ can generate oxygen vacancies, thereby enhancing the catalytic performance. More than anything, Cu‐Ce‐La/MCM‐49 has excellent sulfur tolerance.
Superior Adsorption Efficiency of MIL‐101 (Cr) and Nano‐MIL‐101 (Cr) in Anionic and Cationic Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Gökırmak Söğüt Eda
Published: June 2023

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as adsorbent have received considerable attention due to their remarkably high porosity, adjustable pore shape/size, and surface functionality. This study focusses on the adsorption performance and mechanism of two different typological and structural MOFs as superior adsorbents for the efficient removal of anionic and cationic dyes in an aqueous solution. MIL‐101(Cr) and nano‐MIL‐101(Cr) were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method using two different protocols and both materials were confirmed by XRD, TG‐DTA‐DTG, FTIR and SEM analyses. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were determined from the experimental data obtained under optimal conditions. The adsorption kinetics suggests the adsorption process of Congo Red (CR) and Thioflavin T (TFT) onto MIL‐101 (Cr) and nano‐MIL‐101(Cr) conformed to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm agrees well with the experimental data, and the adsorption capacities for MIL‐101 (Cr) and nano‐MIL‐101 (Cr) were found to be 986 mg g−1 (CR) and 863 mg g−1 (TFT), 1004 mg g−1 (TFT), respectively. The adsorption mechanism is to be related to π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, pore filling, electrostatic interaction, and partial chemical interaction. This study demonstrates that MIL‐101 (Cr) and nano‐MIL‐101 (Cr) are promising reusable adsorbents with high adsorption capacity for removing dyes from aqueous solutions.
Synthesis, Characterization, In Silico and In Vivo Evaluation of Benzimidazole‐Bearing Quinoline Schiff Bases as New Anticonvulsant Agents
Authors: Shabana Km. , Salahuddin  , Mazumder Avijit , Singh Himanshu , Kumar Rajnish , Tyagi Sonakshi , Datt Vimal , Shankar Sharma Abhishek , Shahar Yar Mohammad , Jawed Ahsan Mohamed , Kumar Yadav Ranjeet
Published: June 2023

Nitrogen‐containing hybrid heterocyclic compounds have been gaining attention in the field of drug discovery and development due to their diverse pharmacological activities and relatively low toxicity. This study aimed to synthesize a series of new quinoline‐bearing amino acid‐derived benzimidazole derivatives i. e. 3‐{[1‐(1H‐Benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)‐subsituted‐methyl}‐4a,8a‐ dihydro‐1H‐quinoline‐2‐one, and 3‐{[1‐(1H‐Benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)‐substituted‐methyl}‐3H‐ quinoline‐2‐thione. These compounds were synthesized by the condensation of 2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydro‐quinoline‐3‐ carbaldehyde and 2‐the oxo‐1,2‐dihydro‐quinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde with various substituted 1‐(1H‐benzimidazole‐2‐yl)‐methylamine. After synthesizing the compound, it was subjected to various characterization techniques such as IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and Mass spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential as an anticonvulsant using the subcutaneous Pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) method, and the results were compared with those obtained for phenytoin and carbamazepine, which were used as standard drugs. Among all the screened derivatives 4 d, 4 e, 5 a, and 5 b were found to be the most potent as compared to conventional drugs (phenytoin and carbamazepine). Also, the molecular docking analysis of the synthesized compounds showed that they share the same mechanism of action as phenytoin and carbamazepine, which involves the inhibition of voltage‐gated sodium channels. Additionally, the analysis revealed that these compounds also inhibit the NMDA receptor. Overall, the development of nitrogen‐containing hybrid heterocyclic compounds has the potential to significantly contribute to the discovery and development of new drugs with improved efficacy, selectivity, and safety profiles.
Lithium Azides Induced SnS Quantum Dots for Ultra‐Fast and Long‐Term Sodium Storage
Authors: Cheng Qiaohuan , Li Yingxue , Gao Panyu , Xia Guanglin , He Shengnan , Yang Yaxiong , Pan Hongge , Yu Xuebin
Published: June 2023

Tin sulfide (SnS) is an attractive anode for sodium ion batteries (NIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity, while it seriously suffers from the inherently poor conductivity and huge volume variation during the cycling process, leading to inferior lifespan. To intrinsically maximize the sodium storage of SnS, herein, lithium azides (LiN3)‐induced SnS quantum dots (QDs) are first reported using a simple electrospinning strategy, where SnS QDs are uniformly distributed in the carbon fibers. Taking the advantage of LiN3, which can effectively prevent the growth of crystal nuclei during the thermal treatment, the well‐dispersed SnS QDs performs superior Na+ transfer kinetics and pseudocapacitive when used as an anode material for NIBs. The 3D SnS quantum dots embedded uniformly in N‐doped nanofibers (SnS QDs@NCF) electrodes display superior long cycling life‐span (484.6 mAh g−1 after 5800 cycles at 2 A g−1 and 430.9 mAh g−1 after 7880 cycles at 10 A g−1), as well as excellent rate capability (422.3 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1). This fabrication of transition metal sulfides QDs composites provide a feasible strategy to develop NIBs with long life‐span and superior rate capability to pave its practical implementation.
Energy Yield Prediction of Bifacial Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Hao Hongwei , Zhang Shan-Ting , Wang Kai , Yang Peizhi , Wang Jilei , Yang Liyou , Lu Linfeng , Li Dongdong
Published: June 2023

Bifacial perovskite (PVK)/crystalline silicon (c‐Si) tandem photovoltaic (PV) modules provide an effective strategy to further improve the efficiency and energy yield (EY) of c‐Si PV modules. In this work, the energy outputs of bifacial tandem PV modules under outdoor conditions are analyzed by combining optical modeling, one‐diode equivalent circuit model, module tilt angle, and meteorological data, and a detailed comparative study with bifacial silicon heterojunction (SHJ) PV modules is also performed. The bifacial PVK/c‐Si tandem modules exhibit higher EY in locations with strong direct normal irradiance regardless of the ground type with any albedo, while bifacial SHJ modules exhibit similar or even higher EY than tandem modules in locations with strong diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI) such as Chengdu. Considering factors such as EY and levelized cost of electricity, Eg_PVK in the range of 1.58–1.62 eV is suitable for most application scenarios, while the deployment of bifacial SHJ PV modules is preferred in areas dominated by DHI, as represented by Chengdu. Herein, important implications for policy making in determining the cost‐effective type of PV modules are provided to generate renewable electricity.
Lithium Salt‐Doped Organic Conjugated Hole Transport Layer for High‐Performance PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Jinpeng , Wu Chunyan , Huang Tengzuo , Yu Fayin , Ding Shuo , Qian Lei , Sun Tao , Xiang Chaoyu
Published: June 2023

The electrical properties of hole transport layers (HTL) are critical factors for the high performance of lead sulfide quantum dot solar cells (PbS CQDSCs). Herein, the impacts of doping the organic HTL PTB7‐Th with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (LiTSFI) on the performance of quantum dot solar cells are explored and a notable enhancement in the fill factor is observed. A series of analytical characterizations of the doped HTLs are performed and it is found that doping with LiTFSI significantly deepens the Fermi level of the HTL, thereby improving the charge separation ability within the devices. Additionally, the conductivity of doped HTL is also improved. By optimizing the doping conditions, the doped device achieves a maximum power conversion efficiency of 12.68%. This doping strategy of organic HTL promotes the development of lead sulfide quantum dot solar cell techniques.
Two‐Phase Rubber–Plastic Matrices’ Stabilization of Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Afterglows Better than Plastic Matrix
Authors: Chen Junwu , Zhang Yuefa , Zhang Shiguo , Liu Guanyu , Sun Qikun , Xue Shanfeng , Yang Wenjun
Published: June 2023

The rigid yet polar polymers as matrices for organic‐doped room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) polymers are widely reported, but nonpolar rigid plastics such as polystyrene (PS) are thought to be ineffective matrix and rarely attempted. Herein, it is reported that PS–polyisoprene–PS (SIS) elastomer and rubber phase‐containing high‐impact PS (HIPS) can stabilize brighter and longer‐lived organic RTP than PS as matrix; moreover, photoactivation time for RTP production is also greatly shortened. Three N‐arylcarbazole derivatives are employed as dopants and afford the same regular results, and the afterglow lifetime of RTP elastomer is up to 1.22 s. Since the general rubbers such as polyisoprene are ineffective doping matrices and PS is not good matrix, the interface phase of polyphase polymers plays an important role in promoting and stabilizing triplet‐state emission. Based on the different confined environments in various phase regions for organic dopants, a new stabilizing RTP mechanism is discussed to understand the unique stabilizing RTP effect of multiphase matrices. This study not only develops a high‐performance RTP elastomer but also discloses a fresh strategy for enhancing RTP of organic‐doped polymers.
A Nonlinear Filter of EKF Type Using Formal Linearization Method
Authors: Takata Hitoshi , Komatsu Kazuo , Narikiyo Katsuhiro
Published: June 2023

A nonlinear filter is presented by using a formal linearization method and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) approach in this paper. A given nonlinear system is transformed into an augmented nonlinear system by considering the higher‐order polynomial terms of state as new additional states. And then, the EKF theory is applied to it well. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of this new filter. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Groundwater–surface water interaction in Denmark
Authors: Duque Carlos , Nilsson Bertel , Engesgaard Peter
Published: June 2023

The study of groundwater–surface water interaction has attracted growing interest among researchers in recent years due to its wide range of implications from the perspectives of water management, ecology and contamination. Many of the studies shed light on conditions on a local scale only, without exploring a regional angle. To provide a broad and historical overview of groundwater–surface water interaction, a review of research carried out in Denmark was undertaken due to the high density of studies conducted in the country. The extent to which this topic has been investigated is related to Denmark's physiography and climate, the presence of numerous streams and lakes combined with shallow groundwater, and historical, funding, and administrative decisions. Study topics comprise groundwater detection techniques, numerical modeling, and contaminant issues including nutrients, ranging from point studies all the way to studies at national scale. The increase in studies in recent decades corresponds with the need to maintain the good status of groundwater‐dependent ecosystems and protect groundwater resources. This review of three decades of research revealed that problems such as the difference in scales between numerical models and field observations, interdisciplinary research integrating hydrological and biological methods, and the effect of local processes in regional systems remain persistent challenges. Technical progress in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, distributed temperature sensing, and new cost‐effective methods for detecting groundwater discharge as well as the increasing computing capacity of numerical models emerge as opportunities for dealing with complex natural systems that are subject to modifications in future triggered by climate change.

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change

Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Nanostructured bioactive glasses: A bird's eye view on cancer therapy
Authors: Kargozar Saeid , Moghanian Amirhossein , Rashvand Ali , Miri Amir K. , Hamzehlou Sepideh , Baino Francesco , Mozafari Masoud , Wang Andrew Z.
Published: June 2023

Bioactive glasses (BGs) arewell known for their successful applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recent experimental studies have shown their potential usability in oncology, either alone or in combination with other biocompatible materials, such as biopolymers. Direct contact with BG particles has been found to cause toxicity and death in specific cancer cells (bone‐derived neoplastic stromal cells) in vitro. Nanostructured BGs (NBGs) can be doped with anticancer elements, such as gallium, to enhance their toxic effects against tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanisms and intracellular targets for anticancer compositions of NBGs require further clarification. NBGs have been successfully evaluated for use in various well‐established cancer treatment strategies, including cancer hyperthermia, phototherapy, and anticancer drug delivery. Existing results indicate that NBGs not only enhance cancer cell death, but can also participate in the regeneration of lost healthy tissues. However, the application of NBGs in oncology is still in its early stages, and numerous unanswered questions must be addressed. For example, the impact of the composition, biodegradation, size, and morphology of NBGs on their anticancer efficacy should be defined for each type of cancer and treatment strategy. Moreover, it should be more clearly assessed whether NBGs can shrink tumors, slow/stop cancer progression, or cure cancer completely. In this regard, the use of computational studies (in silico methods) is highly recommended to design the most effective glass formulations for cancer therapy approaches and to predict, to some extent, the relevant properties, efficacy, and outcomes.

This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Linear theory of micropolar media with internal nonlocal potential interactions
Authors: Shorkin Vladimir S. , Vilchevskaya Elena N. , Altenbach Holm
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a mathematical model that can be used to quantify the effects of a polarized electric field on the mechanical properties of a polar dielectric in the framework of mechanics of deformable solids. The physical essence of the phenomenon is known. However, its direct use in practical calculations may cause difficulties due to the complexity of the composition and structure of materials used in the design and manufacture of specific products whose operation regimes are based on polarization effects. A continuum description of the polarization phenomenon makes it possible to circumvent these difficulties.

The basis of the generalized model is a micropolar linearly elastic medium. The generalization consists in taking into account the initial stress state of the material, as well as cross effects under the mutual influence of translational and rotational deformations, the possibility to calculate the characteristics of micropolar material properties based on a special nonlocal model of micropolar media with internal nonlocal potential interactions. It takes into account translational and rotational potential interactions of particles of a continuous medium at finite distances. The kinematic characteristics of the material are the same as those used by the traditional model of a micropolar elastic medium ‐ the gradients of translational displacements of the medium's particles, their rotations independent of the medium's rotation and rotations of the particles relative to the medium. Generalized forces performing work on these generalized displacements are volumetrically and surface‐distributed forces and moments. To determine the values of the parameters of the interparticle potentials of the nonlocal model, a method is proposed using data from experiments to determine the material constants of isotropic linearly elastic materials and the dispersion law for plane acoustic waves of high frequency. The paper considers and quantifies the effects of anisotropy in an initially isotropic material, as well as anharmonic effects that cause dielectric heating by a periodically changing polarizing field. The results are compared qualitatively and quantitatively with known experimental data and physical notions of the phenomena in question.
Simulation of Thermoelastic Behavior of Technical Systems with Relatively Moving Parts - Modeling Process, Part Coupling Approaches and Application to Machine Tools
Authors: Sauerzapf Stefan , Beitelschmidt Michael
Published: June 2023

Models of technical systems play an essential role from the conceptual phase to the end of life of the system, as they allow the prediction of the behavior of the real world instance by simulation. Time and money spent on building prototypes can be saved, and the development process can be significantly accelerated. Furthermore, simulations allow the optimization of systems in advance.

A major problem in modeling modern systems is complexity, as machines increasingly include components from different areas such as cooling systems, active bearings, etc., along with the control units that govern the interaction. The model must incorporate all these systems and reflect their behavior with sufficient accuracy. This results in the need to modularize the modeling process and create a model from all these sub-modules.

Within the framework of the Collaborative Research Center/TR96 (CRC/TR96), a methodology has been developed to solve the above problems. It enables the coupling of several sub-models to a complex system model. The methodology is described together with the open-source and proprietary tools used to facilitate all necessary modeling and simulation steps.

As an example of the application of the described methodology, the modeling and simulation of a complete machine tool is presented. Special attention is given to the modeling of the moving part contacts, since they have a significant influence on the simulation result. Different approaches for contact modeling are compared.

Finally, the next steps for transferring the developed methodology to practical applications are outlined.
Determination of the Thermal Properties of Pre-stressed Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Concrete
Authors: Engert Michelle , Werkle Kim Torben , Möhring Hans-Christian
Published: June 2023

With its low thermal conductivity and high thermal capacity, polymer concrete has excellent thermal properties that when used in machine tools ensure increased accuracy of the manufactured parts. Polymer concrete has been used successfully in machine tool construction for many years in the form of machine beds. The aforementioned thermal properties in combination with a low density, high damping and a lower primary energy requirement also make polymer concrete interesting for use as a structural component. However, the comparatively low tensile strength and creep tendency of the material pose a challenge here. One approach to increase the tensile strength of the material is the integration of prestressed carbon fibres into the material. In order to clarify the suitability of this hybrid material, its temperature behaviour is investigated in this paper. The focus is on the investigation of residual stresses that arise during heating, which result from the combination of the positive thermal expansion coefficient of polymer concrete with the negative thermal expansion coefficient of the carbon fibres. In addition, the flexural properties of pure polymer concrete and of pre-stressed fibre-reinforced polymer concrete are determined at different test temperatures within the scope of this paper. It is shown that the prestressing of fiber-reinforced polymer concrete leads to an improvement of the flexural strength and the stiffness of polymer concrete.
Lebensbedrohliche Intoxikation einer Adoleszenten mit Antidepressiva aus dem Hausmüll
Authors: Elsayed K. , Castillo L. M. , Steindl D. , Endmann M.
Published: June 2023

Ein knapp 16-jähriges Mädchen wurde vom Rettungsdienst komatös in die Kinderklinik gebracht. Nach umfangreicher Diagnostik konnte die Diagnose einer (in der Literatur als letal beschriebenen) Intoxikation mit Amitriptylin gestellt werden. Die Jugendliche leugnete die Einnahme zunächst vehement. Die Eltern hatten erst nach Androhung staatsanwaltschaftlicher Ermittlungen angegeben, dass sie kürzlich mehrere und verschiedene Schachteln Tabletten wegen abgelaufenen Verfallsdatums resp. zu vieler Nebenwirkungen in der Mülltonne entsorgt hatten. Die Patientin hatte sich ihrer bemächtigt und nach einem Streit mit ihrer Mutter eine große Menge der Tabletten zu ihrer eigenen Beruhigung eingenommen.