bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sintering Simplified: Surface Area, Density, and Grain Size Relations
Authors: German Randall M.
Published: January 2016

Sintering involves several interactions as particles bond and enable microstructure evolution toward a minimized energy condition, resulting in a complex interplay of measurement parameters. Overriding the evolution is energy minimization, and from that perspective some simple relations emerge. The natural progression is determined by energy reduction, measured by surface area, density, and grain boundary area (grain size). Contrary to the usual sintering analysis that starts with atomic level mass transport mechanisms, presented here is an approach that links to global energy reduction during sintering to simple monitors. Initially sintering converts surface area into lower energy grain boundary area. Subsequently grain growth annihilates grain boundary area. Thus, grain boundary area peaks at intermediate sintered densities, while surface area continuously declines. The trajectory follows a straightforward dependence on density as illustrated using data for a wide variety of materials and consolidation conditions.
Effect of Corner Radius on the Vibration Amplitude in PCBN Tool Cutting Hardened Steel Process
Authors: Wang Liang , Chen Guang Jun , Zhang Ting , Wang Ding Wen , Wang Ying
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Corner radius as a non-main cutting parameters, study of corner radius about cutting vibration is relatively small.Turning experiments use PCBN tool in CAK4085 CNC lathe,cutting hardened steel HRC50-52 Cr12MoV and hardened steel HRC62-64 GCr15, eddy current sensor measure the tool vibration amplitude of each group parameters, analysis influence of the corner radius for tool vibration amplitude. With corner radius increases, tool vibration amplitude increases. Research will contribute to the development of high-speed machining of hardened steel.
Diffusion Wear and Oxidation Wear of PCBN Tool when Cutting Materials Difficult-to-Cut Based on Thermodynamics Solubility
Authors: Shao Fang , Wang Yu Ting , Li Jiang Hong
Published: January 2016

Cutting temperature always highly reaches over to 1000°C when high speed machining with PCBN tools. Diffusion of tool material element may have important influence on tool wear at such high temperature., the diffusion wear and oxidation wear have become the major wear mechanism. In this paper, the rules of diffusion wear and oxidation wear for PCBN cutting tools are proposed and analyzed based on thermodynamics theory. Dissolution concentrations in typical normal workpice materials of PCBN tool material at different temperature are then calculated. Diffusion reaction rules in high temperature are developed and analyzed using Gibbs free energy criterion. The machining tests were conducted using the PCBN tools at different cutting speeds of 50, 95,100 and 180 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2mm and depth of cut of 0.1, 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm respectively on PUMA300LM numerically-controlled lathe. It was found that the theoretical results were uniform with the experimental data; the results will provide useful references for tool material design and selection.
Zoom Synchrosqueezing Transform for Instantaneous Speed Estimation of High Speed Spindle
Authors: Xi Song Tao , Cao Hong Rui , Chen Xue Feng
Published: January 2016

Instantaneous speed (IS) is of great significance of fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of the high speed spindle. In this paper, we propose a novel zoom synchrosqueezing transform (ZST) for IS estimation of the high speed spindle. Due to the limitation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the conventional time-frequency analysis (TFA) methods cannot provide both good time and frequency resolution at the whole frequency region. Moreover, in most cases, the interested frequency component of a signal only locates in a narrow frequency region, so there is no need to analyze the signal in the whole frequency region. Different from conventional TFA methods, the proposed method arms to analyze the signal in a specific frequency region with both excellent time and frequency resolution so as to obtain accurate instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation results. The proposed ZST is an improvement of the synchrosqueezing wavelet transform (SWT) and consists of two steps, i.e., the frequency-shift operation and the partial zoom synchrosqueezing operation. The frequency-shift operation is to shift the interested frequency component from the lower frequency region to the higher frequency to obtain better time resolution. The partial zoom synchrosqueezing operation is conducted to analyze the shifted signal with excellent frequency resolution in a considered frequency region. Compared with SWT, the proposed method can provide satisfactory energy concentrated time-frequency representation (TFR) and accurate IF estimation results. Additionally, an application of the proposed ZST to the IS fluctuation estimation of a motorized spindle was conducted, and the result showed that the IS estimated by the proposed ZST can be used to detect the quality of the finished workpiece surface.
Dynamic Grinding Hub Monitoring during a High Performance Grinding Process with Ceramic CBN on Cold Work Steel
Authors: Fritsche Andreas , Bleicher Friedrich
Published: January 2016

Grinding is a material removing process with undefined cutting edges. The high numbers of grains participating during the chip formation are continuously subjected to non-uniform wear and topography changes. This behavior typifies a highly non-stationary process. Capturing the whole process in a simulation and predicting the work results is difficult. For this reason are In-process monitoring techniques a suitable approach to address this issue. In this paper a wireless In-process monitoring system is presented. The system is mounted on the grinding hub and detects the dynamic behavior of the wheel during the grinding process. A full bridge with strain gauges located close to the abrasive layer has been used to give instantaneous feedback concerning normal force and wheel deformation during each wheel revolution. This technique enables a continuously monitoring and improving of the grinding process, hence a more efficient and sustainable use of the abrasive layer. Experiment results are presented which demonstrate the ability of the ‘intelligent’ wheel to monitor grinding processes and to improve the machine performance.
The Analysis and Optimization of Machining Precision Based on Electromechanical Matching in High-Speed Machine Tools
Authors: Yang Xiao Jun , Ma Cheng Fang , Li Yan , Lv Dun , Zhang Jun , Zhao Wan Hua
Published: January 2016

With the development of the high-speed and high-precision CNC machine tools, the interaction between mechanical system and servo drive torque in the feed system becomes more and more serious which affects the surface quality of the workpiece. In this paper, taking a small-sized vertical milling center as the research object, the characteristics of servo torque and mechanical system are analyzed, respectively. Then the influence of electromechanical matching on the tracking fluctuation of the feed system is discussed. Furthermore, aiming at the surface roughness of the workpiece, the influence of the interaction between servo torque and mechanical system on the surface quality of the workpiece is analyzed under different milling ways. Finally, a large number of experiments are carried out to verify the analysis above. At last, the optimization methods of machining precision based on electromechanical matching are put forward. It can be found that in the high-speed machining, the servo torque has lots of harmonics which act on the mechanical system with kinds of modals, leading to the vibration. The surface quality of the workpiece will be deteriorated rapidly when the mode of vibration is consistent with the sensitive direction of machining error. The surface quality of the workpiece can be significantly improved through optimizing the feed velocity and the processing method and realizing the electromechanical matching.
Retrogenic ICOS Expression Increases Differentiation of KLRG-1hiCD127loCD8+ T Cells during Listeria Infection and Diminishes Recall Responses
Authors: Liu Danya , Burd Eileen M. , Coopersmith Craig M. , Ford Mandy L.
Published: January 2016

Following T cell encounter with Ag, multiple signals are integrated to collectively induce distinct differentiation programs within Ag-specific CD8+ T cell populations. Several factors contribute to these cell fate decisions, including the amount and duration of Ag, exposure to inflammatory cytokines, and degree of ligation of cosignaling molecules. The ICOS is not expressed on resting T cells but is rapidly upregulated upon encounter with Ag. However, the impact of ICOS signaling on programmed differentiation is not well understood. In this study, we therefore sought to determine the role of ICOS signaling on CD8+ T cell programmed differentiation. Through the creation of novel ICOS retrogenic Ag-specific TCR-transgenic CD8+ T cells, we interrogated the phenotype, functionality, and recall potential of CD8+ T cells that receive early and sustained ICOS signaling during Ag exposure. Our results reveal that these ICOS signals critically impacted cell fate decisions of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, resulting in increased frequencies of KLRG-1hiCD127lo cells, altered BLIMP-1, T-bet, and eomesodermin expression, and increased cytolytic capacity as compared with empty vector controls. Interestingly, however, ICOS retrogenic CD8+ T cells also preferentially homed to nonlymphoid organs and exhibited reduced multicytokine functionality and reduced ability to mount secondary recall responses upon challenge in vivo. In sum, our results suggest that an altered differentiation program is induced following early and sustained ICOS expression, resulting in the generation of more cytolyticly potent, terminally differentiated effectors that possess limited capacity for recall response.
Dendritic Cell Migration and Antigen Presentation Are Coordinated by the Opposing Functions of the Tetraspanins CD82 and CD37
Authors: Jones Eleanor L. , Wee Janet L. , Demaria Maria C. , Blakeley Jessica , Ho Po Ki , Vega-Ramos Javier , Villadangos Jose A. , van Spriel Annemiek B. , Hickey Michael J. , Hämmerling Günther J. , Wright Mark D.
Published: January 2016

This study supports a new concept where the opposing functions of the tetraspanins CD37 and CD82 may coordinate changes in migration and Ag presentation during dendritic cell (DC) activation. We have previously published that CD37 is downregulated upon monocyte-derived DC activation, promotes migration of both skin and bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), and restrains Ag presentation in splenic and BMDCs. In this article, we show that CD82, the closest phylogenetic relative to CD37, appears to have opposing functions. CD82 is upregulated upon activation of BMDCs and monocyte-derived DCs, restrains migration of skin and BMDCs, supports MHC class II maturation, and promotes stable interactions between T cells and splenic DCs or BMDCs. The underlying mechanism involves the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton via a differential activation of small GTPases. Both CD37−/− and CD82−/− BMDCs lack cellular projections, but where CD37−/− BMDCs spread poorly on fibronectin, CD82−/− BMDCs are large and spread to a greater extent than wild-type BMDCs. At the molecular level, CD82 is a negative regulator of RhoA, whereas CD37 promotes activation of Rac-1; both tetraspanins negatively regulate Cdc42. Thus, this study identifies a key aspect of DC biology: an unactivated BMDC is CD37hiCD82lo, resulting in a highly motile cell with a limited ability to activate naive T cells. By contrast, a late activated BMDC is CD37loCD82hi, and thus has modified its migratory, cytoskeletal, and Ag presentation machinery to become a cell superbly adapted to activating naive T cells.
Atypical Activin A and IL-10 Production Impairs Human CD16+ Monocyte Differentiation into Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages
Authors: González-Domínguez Érika , Domínguez-Soto Ángeles , Nieto Concha , Flores-Sevilla José Luis , Pacheco-Blanco Mariana , Campos-Peña Victoria , Meraz-Ríos Marco A. , Vega Miguel A. , Corbí Ángel L. , Sánchez-Torres Carmen
Published: January 2016

Human CD14++CD16− and CD14+/loCD16+ monocyte subsets comprise 85 and 15% of blood monocytes, respectively, and are thought to represent distinct stages in the monocyte differentiation pathway. However, the differentiation fates of both monocyte subsets along the macrophage (Mϕ) lineage have not yet been elucidated. We have now evaluated the potential of CD14++ CD16− and CD16+ monocytes to differentiate and to be primed toward pro- or anti-inflammatory Mϕs upon culture with GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively (subsequently referred to as GM14, M14, GM16, or M16). Whereas GM16 and GM14 were phenotypic and functionally analogous, M16 displayed a more proinflammatory profile than did M14. Transcriptomic analyses evidenced that genes associated with M-CSF–driven Mϕ differentiation (including FOLR2, IL10, IGF1, and SERPINB2) are underrepresented in M16 with respect to M14. The preferential proinflammatory skewing of M16 relative to M14 was found to be mediated by the secretion of activin A and the low levels of IL-10 produced by M16. In fact, activin A receptor blockade during the M-CSF–driven differentiation of CD16+ monocytes, or addition of IL-10–containing M14-conditioned medium, significantly enhanced their expression of anti-inflammatory–associated molecules while impairing their acquisition of proinflammatory-related markers. Thus, we propose that M-CSF drives CD14++CD16ˉ monocyte differentiation into bona fide anti-inflammatory Mϕs in a self-autonomous manner, whereas M-CSF–treated CD16+ monocytes generate Mϕs with a skewed proinflammatory profile by virtue of their high activin A expression unless additional anti-inflammatory stimuli such as IL-10 are provided.
Transmembrane TNF-α Reverse Signaling Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Formation in Macrophages by Inducing TGF-β: Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Pallai Anna , Kiss Beáta , Vereb György , Armaka Marietta , Kollias George , Szekanecz Zoltán , Szondy Zsuzsa
Published: January 2016

TNF-α, a potent proinflammatory cytokine, is generated in a precursor form called transmembrane (m)TNF-α that is expressed as a type II polypeptide on the surface of certain cells. mTNF-α was shown to act both as a ligand by binding to TNF-α receptors, as well as a receptor that transmits outside-to-inside (reverse) signals back into the mTNF-α–bearing cells. In this study, we show that nonactivated macrophages express basal levels of mTNF-α and respond to anti–TNF-α Abs by triggering the MAPK kinase 4 signaling pathway. The pathway induces TGF-β. Based on inhibitory experiments, the production of TGF-β1 is regulated via Jun kinases, whereas that of other TGF-βs is regulated via p38 MAPKs. Exposure to LPS further induced the expression of mTNF-α, and triggering of mTNF-α strongly suppressed the LPS-induced proinflammatory response. Neutralizing TGF-β by Abs prevented the mTNF-α–mediated suppression of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine formation, indicating that the immune-suppressive effect of mTNF-α is mediated via TGF-β. Although apoptotic cells are also known to suppress LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine formation in macrophages by upregulating TGF-β, we show that they do not use the mTNF-α signaling pathway. Because TGF-β possesses a wide range of immune-suppressive effects, our data indicate that upregulation of TGF-β synthesis by those TNF-α–targeting molecules, which are able to trigger mTNF-α, might contribute to their therapeutic effect in the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases such as Crohn’s disease, Wegener’s granulomatosis, or sarcoidosis. Additionally, none of the TNF-α–targeting molecules is expected to interfere with the immune-silencing effects of apoptotic cells.
Association of CD147 and Calcium Exporter PMCA4 Uncouples IL-2 Expression from Early TCR Signaling
Authors: Supper Verena , Schiller Herbert B. , Paster Wolfgang , Forster Florian , Boulègue Cyril , Mitulovic Goran , Leksa Vladimir , Ohradanova-Repic Anna , Machacek Christian , Schatzlmaier Philipp , Zlabinger Gerhard J. , Stockinger Hannes
Published: January 2016

The Ig superfamily member CD147 is upregulated following T cell activation and was shown to serve as a negative regulator of T cell proliferation. Thus, Abs targeting CD147 are being tested as new treatment strategies for cancer and autoimmune diseases. How CD147 mediates immunosuppression and whether association with other coreceptor complexes is needed have remained unknown. In the current study, we show that silencing of CD147 in human T cells increases IL-2 production without affecting the TCR proximal signaling components. We mapped the immunosuppressive moieties of CD147 to its transmembrane domain and Ig-like domain II. Using affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry, we determined the domain specificity of CD147 interaction partners and identified the calcium exporter plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 4 (PMCA4) as the interaction partner of the immunosuppressive moieties of CD147. CD147 does not control the proper membrane localization of PMCA4, but PMCA4 is essential for the CD147-dependent inhibition of IL-2 expression via a calcium-independent mechanism. In summary, our data show that CD147 interacts via its immunomodulatory domains with PMCA4 to bypass TCR proximal signaling and inhibit IL-2 expression.
Occupation, smoking, opium, and bladder cancer: A case–control study
Authors: Ghadimi Tayeb , Gheitasi Bahman , Nili Sayran , Karimi Mohammad , Ghaderi Ebrahim
Published: January 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate occupational risk factors associated with bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, control group included patients who referred to a specialized clinic in the same city and hospitals where patients had been registered. Data were entered into SPSS software. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for occupational variables and other characteristics. Then, using logistic regression, the association between cancer and drugs was studied while smoking was controlled. Results: Cigarette smoking, even after quitting, was also associated with bladder cancer (OR = 2.549). Considering the classification of occupations, the OR of working in metal industry in patients was 10.629. Multivariate analysis showed that use of the drug by itself can be a risk factor for bladder cancer. Drug abuse together with the control of smoking increased the risk of bladder cancer by 4.959. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, contact with metal industries such as welding, and working with tin was found as a risk factor for bladder cancer. In addition, cigarette smoking and opium abuse individually were associated with bladder cancer.
Workforce Characteristics and Attitudes Regarding Participation in Worksite Wellness Programs
Authors: Hall Jennifer L. , Kelly Kevin M. , Burmeister Leon F. , Merchant James A.
Published: January 2016

Purpose.

To estimate workforce participation characteristics and employees' attitudes regarding participation in workplace wellness programs.

Design.

Data from a statewide stratified random sample were used to compare small (<50 employees) and larger (50+ employees) workplaces to estimate participation in screening programs and likelihood of participation in workplace wellness programs.

Setting.

A telephone survey of employed Iowans registered to vote.

Subjects.

Surveyed were 1171 employed Iowans registered to vote, ages 18 to 65.

Measure.

Among questionnaire survey modules were items from the Wellness Council of America Employee Needs and Interest Survey, the U.S. Census Bureau for employment documentation, and the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire for assessment of sickness absenteeism and presenteeism.

Analysis.

Prevalence of participation in screening and wellness programs was analyzed by employment size and levels of likeliness to participate, and multivariable analyses of employee baseline characteristics regarding participation in screening programs and likelihood of participation in wellness programs was presented as top and bottom quartiles.

Results.

Those employed in smaller workplaces participated less often in screening programs. Multivariable models identified male gender and those with an abnormal body mass index were associated with nonparticipation, while having a primary care physician was associated with participation. Very few items showed significant statistical difference in willingness to participate.

Conclusion.

Workforce characteristics and access to health care may influence participation in screening and wellness programs. Employment size is not a determining factor for willingness to participate in wellness programs.
An Overview of State Policies Supporting Worksite Health Promotion Programs
Authors: VanderVeur Jennifer , Gilchrist Siobhan , Matson-Koffman Dyann
Published: January 2016

Purpose.

Worksite health promotion (WHP) programs can reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular disease risk factors. State law can encourage employers and employer-provided insurance companies to offer comprehensive WHP programs. This research examines state law authorizing WHP programs.

Design.

Quantitative content analysis.

Setting.

Worksites or workplaces.

Subjects.

United States (and the District of Columbia).

Intervention.

State law in effect in 2013 authorizing WHP programs.

Measures.

Frequency and distribution of states with WHP laws.

Analysis.

To determine the content of the laws for analysis and coding, we identified 18 policy elements, 12 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Worksite Health ScoreCard (HSC) and 6 additional supportive WHP strategies. We used these strategies as key words to search for laws authorizing WHP programs or select WHP elements. We calculated the number and type of WHP elements for each state with WHP laws and selected two case examples from states with comprehensive WHP laws.

Results.

Twenty-four states authorized onsite WHP programs, 29 authorized WHP through employer-provided insurance plans, and 18 authorized both. Seven states had a comprehensive WHP strategy, addressing 8 or more of 12 HSC elements. The most common HSC elements were weight management, tobacco cessation, and physical activity.

Conclusion.

Most states had laws encouraging the adoption of WHP programs. Massachusetts and Maine are implementing comprehensive WHP laws but studies evaluating their health impact are needed.
Health Behaviors and Medication Adherence in Elderly Patients
Authors: Han Euna , Sohn Hyun Soon , Lee Ju-Yeun , Jang Sunme
Published: January 2016

Purpose.

To explore the relationships of selected health behaviors to medication adherence.

Design.

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting.

Data from Korean national health insurance claims between January 2010 and June 2011.

Subjects.

Patients aged 65 years and older with hypertension (N = 662,170), hyperlipidemia (N = 244,702), or diabetes (N = 179,285).

Measures.

Medication adherence as a medication possession ratio from January to June 2011 as a dependent variable. The waist circumference (cm) and the body mass index (weight in kilogram divided by height in meter squared) as a marker for obesity. Smoking, drinking, and physical activity as main independent variables.

Analysis.

A multivariate logistic regression.

Results.

Nonobese patients, as based on the waist circumference, were more likely to adhere to their medication (by 8.9% for hypertension, 6.2% for diabetes, and 3.5% for hyperlipidemia). Current smokers were less likely to adhere to their medication (by 8.7% for hypertension and 6.8% for diabetes), and moderate and heavy drinkers were also less likely to show medication adherence for diabetes (by 12.9% and 6.4%). Mild physical activity was related to a 1.1% to 1.8% increase in the likelihood of medication adherence across the three disease groups.

Conclusion.

Health promotion programs for self-care health behaviors of elderly patients should emphasize good medication adherence to achieve successful self-management of diseases.
Medical Net Discount Rates: Updated and Re-examined
Authors: Baumann Robert , Schap David
Published: January 2016

Abstract1

Schap, Guest and Kraynak (2013) examines time series properties of medical net discount rates (MNDRs) based on three different, short-term Treasury securities. The article finds attributes of stationarity in each of the series examined and notes greater support for total offset of interest rates and medical cost growth rates than does previously published research.

The present study makes four adjustments to Schap, Guest and Kraynak (2013). First, the data set is updated by two years and four months. Second, the t-test applied in the original study and also used in earlier studies of total offset fails to account for autocorrelated error terms, so a substitute test is applied to both the original data set and the newly extended data set, with results reported. Third, Phillips-Perron testing is conducted in addition to Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin testing of stationarity of the various series analyzed, with results reported. Finally, Zivot-Andrews testing is applied diagnostically, to identify stationary sub-series of MNDRs, similar to an approach used successfully to identify stationary sub-series of wage net discount rates (Schap, Baumann and Guest, 2014).

The data analysis suggests two options available to practicing forensic economists who endorse the use of Treasury securities of short duration in formulating MNDRs. One option is to use total offset (i.e., a zero MNDR), based on modestly favorable empirical support in the period 1981:01 to 2014:10. The alternative option would be to rely on a body of evidence amassed over a shorter time frame, from 2001:01 to 2014:10, but which has remarkably strong stationarity properties and yields MNDRs between minus 1.5 and minus 2.0% (i.e., an implicit forecast of medical cost growth exceeding the discount factor).
El control de Internet y de las “voces liberadas” en la emergencia del paradigma digital
Authors: Rui Cádima Francisco
Published: January 2016

Consolidada la literatura de referencia en materia del control de Internet, desde el punto de vista de pluralidad en el contexto de lo digital, incidimos nuestro análisis sobre cuestiones de acceso, de búsqueda y de privacidad en la red, para una identificación de prácticas críticas, asociadas a la cuestión del control de las voces en un tiempo de emergencia de lo deliberativo y de los movimientos sociales. Serán además analizadas las ambivalencias de lo digital, la dimensión algorítmica como lógica de exclusión en el nuevo paradigma, obstáculo para las dinámicas sociales autónomas en lo digital, y también como una especie de censura invisible que modela el nuevo sistema, su abertura y democratización.
AVALIAÇÃO DE TESTE RAPIDO PARA HIV, PADRONIZADO PELO MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE, UTILIZADO EM UMA MATERNIDADE ESCOLA EM MACEIÓ-AL
Authors: Rocha Thiago José Matos , Santos Adriano Mateus , Barbosa Allam Bezerra , Pimentel Emanuelle Cavalcante , Rodrigues Mônica Meira Leite
Published: January 2016

O teste rápido foi considerado um teste de triagem para infecção pelo HIV durante muito tempo. A presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar os testes rápidos para detecção de HIV padronizados pelo Ministério da saúde, utilizados em uma maternidade escola em Maceió AL. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo transversal utilizando o banco de dados de gestantes que buscaram atendimento na Maternidade Escola Santa Mônica da cidade de Maceió-Alagoas. Das 764 gestantes submetidas ao teste rápido para diagnóstico da infecção por HIV-1 e HIV-2, 8 pacientes (1,05%) apresentaram positividade nos testes rápidos utilizados (Bio manguinhos e Rapid check). A faixa etária mais freqüente das pacientes soropositivas para HIV foi 20-29 anos de idade. Os resultados da presente pesquisa evidenciam que a triagem de infecção por HIV-1 e HIV-2 pelo teste rápido é uma excelente opção para maternidades que atendem parturientes com considerada taxa da infecção pelo HIV-1 e HIV-2, porém devem ser realizados dois testes para maior confiabilidade.
ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA DA CARNE BOVINA MOÍDA COMERCIALIZADA NA CIDADE DE ANÁPOLIS- GO
Authors: RODRIGUES HANGUI SABRINA AYUMI , FERREIRA PEREIRA ALINNE , DE SANTANA DOURADO ALESSANDRA TATIANE , DIAS MARTINS JULIANA , DA SILVA VARGEM DAIANA , ROCHA DA SILVA JOEL
Published: January 2016

De grande valor nutritivo, além de muito saborosa, a carne é um produto que não pode faltar na mesa das famílias brasileiras. Porém, muitos cuidados devem ser tomados para um consumo seguro, já que esse alimento é um ótimo meio de cultura para diversos microrganismos devido à sua alta atividade de água, pH de 5,6 considerado favorável, além de apresentar grande quantidade de minerais e substâncias nitrogenadas. A pesquisa apresentada é de caráter quantitativo experimental e teve o intuito de analisar o aspecto microbiológico da carne bovina moída comercializada na cidade de Anápolis - GO, buscando comparar estabelecimentos de grande e pequeno porte, sendo eles açougues e supermercados distribuídos na cidade, sem denegrir ou prejudicar de qualquer maneira a imagem dos mesmos. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de Número Mais Provável e Contagem Padrão em Placas, na pesquisa de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, e microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos viáveis, demonstrando como resultado o comprometimento de todas as amostras analisadas. O que remete a condições higiênico-sanitárias precárias e um produto final que apresenta risco à saúde da população. Problema que seria facilmente resolvido com a correta implantação das Boas Práticas de Fabricação.
Laser Processing of Electrospun PCL Fiber Mats for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Zernetsch Holger , Kern Alexander , Jäschke Peter , Glasmacher Birgit
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Processing technologies for cutting and joining electrospun fiber mats are required to produce complex three-dimensional (3D) structures, like a scaffold for heart valve tissue engineering. The ability to bond very thin porous sheets, thus forming a stable 3D geometry, offers completely new design strategies such as organ-shaped scaffolds with void chambers inside. In this study, solvent, glue and laser bonding are compared with regard to their retention force and practicability.

Methods

For this purpose, samples were prepared by applying each bonding technique. In addition, two different ways of preparing the bonding site were investigated: a portion of mats were bonded by an L-joint and the others by a T-joint; then tensile testing was performed until tearing of the bonding occurred. Additionally, the edges of laser cut fiber mats were investigated in order to evaluate the influence of thermal effects of the laser beam and ongoing changes in pore structure.

Results

It was found that laser cut fiber mats were slightly deformed due to thermal effects, but still had an open, porous structure at the site of the cut. Results also show that joining of fiber mats by laser led to the best bonding result with highest retention force. Application of solvent and glue led to a nonuniform and noncontinuous bonding with lower retention forces.

Conclusions

A first proof of concept for a heart valve-shaped scaffold was created by laser bonding. Thus, the laser is an advantageous tool for post-processing fiber mats and produce complex 3D structures for different applications.
Endometriosis and Pain: Postsurgical Alternative Treatment in Patients Desiring Pregnancy
Authors: Zupi Errico , Lazzeri Lucia , Centini Gabriele
Published: January 2016

Background/aims

New pharmacologic agents facilitated and improved the overall management of endometriosis also in case of pregnancy desire. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a food integrator on painful symptoms in endometriotic women looking for pregnancy.

Methods

This is a pilot study including a group of patients (n = 20) with a previous surgical diagnosis of endometriosis and painful recurring symptoms. A daily dose of two pills of a food integrator containing curcumin, quercetin, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate (Ialuril Soft gels IBSA, Italy) was self-administered for 12 weeks. Painful symptoms were evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS) system before and after the end of treatment.

Results

A significant reduction in the intensity of dysmenorrhea (p<0.001), chronic pelvic pain (p<0.001), and dysuria (p<0.001) compared with the severity of these symptoms before the administration was showed.

Conclusions

In all patients, the efficacy of Ialuril soft gels was shown after 12 weeks of treatment for dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain and dysuria, thus providing an alternative option for women seeking pregnancy. In the future, further controlled trials will be required, with a larger population and longer follow-up period, to confirm these initial encouraging results.
A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGY AND TERMINOLOGY FOR THE GENUS
Authors: Paggi Analía C. , Siri Augusto , Silva Neubern de Oliveira Caroline
Published: January 2016

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Different Nursing Care Methods for Prevention of Keratopathy Among Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Kalhori Reza Pourmirza , Ehsani Sohrab , Daneshgar Farid , Ashtarian Hossein , Rezaei Mansour
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: Patients with reduced consciousness level suffer from eye protection disorder and Keratopathy. This study was conducted to compare effect of three eye care techniques in prevention of keratopathy in the patients hospitalized in intensive care unit of Kermanshah.  

METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted in 2013 with sample size of 96 persons in three random groups. Routine care included washing of eyes with normal saline and three eye care methods were conducted with poly ethylene cover, liposic ointment, and artificial tear drop randomly on one eye of each sample and a comparison was made with the opposite eye as the control. Eyes were controlled for 5 days in terms of keratopathy. Data collection instrument was keratopathy severity index. Data statistical analysis was performed with SPSS-16 software and chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance.

FINDINGS: The use of poly ethylene cover (0.59±0.665) was significantly more effective in prevention of keratopathy than other methods (P=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between two care interventions of liposic ointment and artificial tear drop (P=0.844) but the results indicated the more effective liposic ointment (1.13±0.751) than the artificial tear drop (1.59±0.875) in prevention of corneal abrasion (P>0.001).

CONCLUSION: Results of the study suggest the use of poly ethylene cover as a non-aggressive and non-pharmaceutical nursing and therapeutic method for prevention of keratopathy in the patient hospitalized in intensive care unit.
Exercises for Women with Persistent Pelvic and Low Back Pain after Pregnancy
Authors: Unsgaard-Tøndel Monica , Vasseljen Ottar , Woodhouse Astrid , Morkved Siv
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: Specific stabilizing exercises activating deep local muscles in coordination with global muscles are recommended in the treatment of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. Some studies have suggested that recruitment of the deepest abdominal muscle, transversus abdominis, is crucial in the development and improvement of lumbopelvic pain.

OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study aimed to describe the development of pain, disability and transversus abdominis recruitment before, during and after an individually designed intervention including an exercise program for women with persisting lumbopelvic pain after delivery.

DESIGN: A multiple-baseline, single-subject experimental design was applied.

METHODS: Sixteen women with lumbopelvic pain after delivery were included and received tailored exercise therapy, including ultrasound-guided activation of deep muscles, strengthening and stretching exercises and advice. Pain, disability and ultrasound-recorded activation of transversus abdominis was registered weekly. Treatment and testing was performed in a primary care setting in Trondheim, Norway.

RESULTS: All sixteen included women reported reduced pain and decreased disability over the intervention period. The magnitude of transversus abdominis activation varied substantially between individuals and tests. While there was a statistically significant correlation between change in pain and change in disability, no correlation was observed between change in transversus abdominis activation and change in symptoms.

LIMITATIONS: This is an exploratory study and results cannot be generalized without replication in controlled studies.

CONCLUSIONS: Pain and disability due to persistent low back and pelvic pain after delivery were reduced after specific, individual adapted exercise including deep and superficial lumbopelvic muscles. Changes in pain and disability were not associated with changes in transversus abdominis activation.       
Evaluation of Effective Factors on the Clinical Performance of General Surgeons in Tehran University of Medical Science, 2015
Authors: Farzianpour Fereshteh , Mohamadi Efat , Najafpoor Jiala , Yosafinajadi Taranh , Forotan Sara , Foroushani Abbas Rahimi
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Existence of doctors with high performance is one of the necessary conditions to provide high quality services. There are different motivations, which could affect their performance. Recognizing Factors which effect the performance of doctors as an effective force in health care centers is necessary. The aim of this article was evaluate the effective factors which influence on clinical performance of general surgery of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2015.

METHODS: This is a cross-sectional qualitative-quantitative study. This research conducted in 3 phases-phases I: (use of library studies and databases to collect data), phase II: localization of detected factors in first phase by using the Delphi technique and phase III: prioritizing the affecting factors on performance of doctors by using qualitative interviews.

RESULTS: 12 articles were analyzed from 300 abstracts during the evaluation process. The output of assessment identified 23 factors was sent to surgeons and their assistants for obtaining their opinions. Quantitative analysis of the findings showed that “work qualification” (86.1%) and “managers and supervisors style” (50%) have respectively the most and the least impact on the performance of doctors. Finally 18 effective factors were identified and prioritized in the performance of general surgeons.

CONCLUSION: The results showed that motivation and performance is not a single operating parameter and it depends on several factors according to cultural background. Therefore it is necessary to design, implementation and monitoring based on key determinants of effective interventions due to cultural background.
Estudo comparativo das receitas das câmaras de Vila Rica e Vila de São João del Rei, 1719-1750 (Comparative study of the revenue of the council of Vila Rica and Vila de São João del Rei, 1719-1750)
Authors: Mathias Fernanda Fioravante Kelmer
Published: January 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo a discussão acerca das receitas das câmaras mineiras de Vila Rica e Vila de São João del Rei entre os anos de 1719 e 1750. De modo geral, a historiografia sobre o tema, seja em Portugal, seja no Brasil, apesar de pouco sistemática, defende o senso comum de que as receitas das câmaras no período moderno eram bastante modestas. Dessa forma, para melhor compreender os números da receita camarária, especialmente no que concerne à atuação da câmara frente ao bem comum dos povos e ordenação da sociedade, busquei realizar uma análise pormenorizada e sistemática da receita anual de duas importantes câmaras mineiras na primeira metade do século XVIII, bem como inserir a discussão dentro do debate historiográfico atinente aos recursos da câmara. Para além, o artigo em questão assume uma perspectiva comparativa tanto no que concerne aos dados fornecidos pela historiografia, quanto em relação às duas câmaras em apreço.

Abstract

In general, both in Portugal and in Brazil, the historiography on the subject, although unsystematic, defends the common sense that the revenue from the council in the modern period was rather modest. Thus, to better understand the revenue of the council, especially in relation to the performance of the council in the common good of the people and in the ordering of society, the article examines in detail the revenue of the two major councils of captaincy of Minas Gerais in the first half eighteenth century. The text also contextualizes the discussion within the historiographical debate on the subject. The article analyses the data provided by the historiography, and the relationship between the two councils, from a comparative perspective.

Keywords: Colonial Minas; Council’s revenue; Council’s function.
O Guayba: o papel do jornalismo literário na formação dos jovens sul-rio-grandenses em Porto Alegre (1856-1858) (O Guayba: the role of literary journalism in the training of young Rio Grande do Sul in...
Authors: Gomes Carla Renata Antunes de Souza
Published: January 2016

Este artigo apresenta o periódico literário O Guayba que circulou em Porto Alegre de 1856 a 1858 e seu papel como difusor da cultura literária produzida na Província, entendendo-o como um espaço de formação dos jovens para atuação na imprensa e no exercício da opinião pública. Os aspectos analisados são: a estrutura do jornal como empresa e suas estratégias de relacionamento e manutenção de público leitor, assim como, do conteúdo, principalmente, os editoriais que expressam os temas mais importantes para os redatores do jornal: o papel da educação e da imprensa na formação político-literária dos jovens na sociedade sul-rio-grandense.

Abstract

This article presents an analysis on the literary journal O Guayba which circulated in Porto Alegre from 1856 to 1858 and its diffuser role of literary culture produced in the Province, understanding it as a training space for young people to act in the press and in the exercise of public opinion. The aspects analyzed are the newspaper's structure as a company and its relationship strategies and readership maintenance, as well as the content, especially concerning the editorial expressing the most important topics for journal editors: the role of education and press in the political and literary education of young people in the society of Rio Grande do Sul.

Keywords: Newspapers; Literary culture; Nineteenth century; Porto Alegre; Press.
Do ideal ao real: as práticas de gestão de pessoas em pequenas e médias indústrias
Authors: Corrêa Rúbia , Barbosa Jenny Dantas , Silva Luiz Marcos de Oliveira
Published: January 2016

O presente estudo analisa a forma como as estratégias de gestão de pessoas estão sendo aplicadas em Pequenas e Médias Indústrias sergipanas, mais especificamente as do ramo de transformação. A pesquisa qualitativa, de multicasos, teve seus dados coletados através de entrevistas estruturadas. A análise dos casos apontou que o idealizado pela literatura e a tendência do momento – a gestão estratégica de pessoas – não condiz com a realidade encontrada nas pequenas e médias indústrias estudadas. Verificaram-se fragilidades na gestão dos talentos, começando pela falta de estrutura gerencial adequada às novas tendências mercadológicas, passando pelos reduzidos investimentos em capacitação funcional, baixos salários, processos seletivos simplórios e carência de políticas atraentes de promoção funcional e de benefícios. No entanto, de forma positiva, constatou-se que muitas das organizações em questão têm intenção de profissionalizar seu corpo gerencial, seus indicadores de turnover estão abaixo da média nacional e existe um foco especial na política de segurança e saúde no trabalho. No tocante às contribuições acadêmicas, é necessário lembrar que a presente pesquisa não teve a pretensão de ser conclusivo, mas de contribuir com uma análise acerca das estratégias de gestão de pessoas aplicadas em Pequenas e Médias Indústrias. Sugere-se para o futuro a realização de estudos quantitativos acerca da temática abordada para minimizar as principais limitações do estudo, inerentes à própria estratégia de pesquisa utilizada. Assim, distorções no discurso do entrevistado ou do entrevistador e a impossibilidade de generalizações científicas não se fariam presentes.
Age-related changes in the distributions of depressive symptom items in the general population: a cross-sectional study using the exponential distribution model
Authors: Tomitaka Shinichiro , Kawasaki Yohei , Ide Kazuki , Yamada Hiroshi , Furukawa Toshiaki A. , Ono Yutaka
Published: January 2016

Background.Previous research has reported inconsistent evidence of the trajectory of depressive symptoms across the adult lifespan. We investigated how the distributions of each item score change with age and determined whether the trajectory of depressive symptoms varied with the scoring methods of the questionnaire.

Methods.We analyzed data collected from 21,040 subjects who participated in the national survey in Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The CES-D has 20 items, each of which is scored in four grades of “rarely,” “some,” “much,” and “most of the time.” We used the exponential distribution model which fits the distributions of 16 negative symptom items of CES-D, with the probabilities of “some,” “much,” “most,” and “rarely” expressed asP,Pr,Pr2, and 1 −P× (r2+r+ 1).

Results.The distributions of the responses to 16 negative symptom items followed the common exponential model across all age groups. The mean of the estimated parameterrof 16 negative items showed a U-shape pattern, being high during 12–29 years, remaining low during 30–50 years, and then increasing again over 60 years. The trajectory of depressive symptom scores simulating the binary method was different from that of the empirical scores using the Liker method.

Conclusions.Our findings show that the increase in the depressive symptoms score during older age is based on the increase of the parameterr. The differences in the scoring method may contribute to the different age-related patterns across the adult lifespan.
Long‐term P weathering and recent N deposition control contemporary plant‐soil C, N, and P
Authors: Davies J. A. C. , Tipping E. , Rowe E. C. , Boyle J. F. , Graf Pannatier E. , Martinsen V.
Published: January 2016

Models are needed to understand how plant‐soil nutrient stores and fluxes have responded to the last two centuries of widespread anthropogenic nutrient pollution and predict future change. These models need to integrate across carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, N, and P) cycles and simulate changes over suitable timescales using available driving data. It is also vital that they are constrainable against observed data to provide confidence in their outputs. To date, no models address all of these requirements. To meet this need, a new model, N14CP, is introduced, which is initially applied to Northern Hemisphere temperate and boreal ecosystems over the Holocene. N14CP is parameterized and tested using 88 northern Europe plot‐scale studies, providing the most robust test of such a model to date. The model simulates long‐term P weathering, based on the assumption of a starting pool of weatherable P (Pweath0, g m−2), which is gradually transformed into organic and sorbed pools. Nitrogen fixation (and consequently primary production) is made dependent on available P. In the absence of knowledge about the spatial variability of Pweath0, N14CP produces good average soil and plant variables but cannot simulate variations among sites. Allowing Pweath0 to vary between sites improves soil C, N, and P results greatly, suggesting that contemporary soil C, N, and P are sensitive to long‐term P weathering. Most sites were found to be N limited. Anthropogenic N deposition since 1800 was calculated to have increased plant biomass substantially, in agreement with observations and consequently increased soil carbon pools.