bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Status consciousness in energy consumption: a systematic review
Authors: Ramakrishnan Anjali , Creutzig Felix
Published: March 2021

Access to energy is a precondition for a decent standard of living. Some household decisions on energy consumption are however motivated to maintain or improve status, resulting in social zero-sum games, with environmentally harmful outcomes. Here, we review evidence relating status to energy consumption, elucidating consequential opportunities for climate change mitigation. To achieve this, we comprehensively collate and analyse existing published work that links status to household consumption decisions and behaviour across all end-use sectors, screening 2662 papers found with systematic search queries, identifying and fully reviewing 53 papers that comply with our criteria. We develop a systematic map of the literature and review quantitative and qualitative analysis relating energy end-use to status consumption. We identify 23 distinct (albeit some of them closely related) theories, with the literature most frequently referring to Veblen’s theory of conspicuous consumption. We also detail estimations of status-related energy consumption and identify ten studies that quantitatively relate status to energy saving behaviour or decisions, and four studies that relate status to increased emissions. Status can explain up to 20% change in consumption levels or the willingness-to-pay for carbon reducing consumption. Surprisingly, we find that major status-related consumption decisions, such as for housing and big cars, are hardly captured by the literature that relates status consumption to energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. This is a considerable gap in the literature, omitting major sources of status related decisions with high carbon footprint. We conclude that framing energy saving behaviour as high status is a promising strategy for emission reduction. Progressive taxation of status items, such as floor space and vehicle size, can effectively internalize the positional externalities and signal social undesirability, but also reduce emissions.
Association between household fuel types and undernutrition status of adults and children under 5 years in 14 low and middle income countries
Authors: Li Jing , Xu Xin , Li Jin , Li Dan , Liu Qiyong , Xue Haibin
Published: March 2021

Polluting biomass fuel use has adverse effects on human health, but there are limited studies exploring the association between biomass fuel use and undernutrition in adult and child population. The study aims to investigate the association between biomass fuel use and undernutrition status of adults and children under 5 years of age in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Data were from the Demographic and Health Surveys in 14 LMICs. The main exposure variable was type of fuel the household mainly used for cooking. Linear regression models and Modified Poisson regression models with robust error variance in consideration of complex survey design were used to estimate the association between type of fuel used for cooking and the outcomes of interest. Personal and household data were collected by questionnaire, and anthropometry data were collected by measurement with a standardised protocol. A total of 532 987 households were included in the analysis, and the majority of households (63.9%) used high polluting fuels. For women, use of high polluting fuels lead to a 0.66 kg m−2 (95% CI: −0.74, −0.58) decrease in BMI and a 10% (95% CI: 7%, 13%) higher risk of underweight. For men, high polluting fuels lead to a 0.63 kg m−2 (95% CI: −0.88, −0.38) decrease in BMI and a 11% (95% CI: 5%, 18%) higher risk of underweight. For children, high polluting fuels resulted in a 0.16 (95% CI: −0.20, −0.11), 0.17 (95% CI: −0.22, −0.11), and 0.09 (95% CI: −0.14, −0.04) unit decrease in weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height z scores, respectively; high polluting fuel use can lead to a 10% (95% CI: 3%, 18%) higher risk of underweight and a 13% (95% CI: 7%, 19%) higher risk of stunting, respectively. Effective interventions should be adopted by policymakers to accelerate the transition of polluting fuels to cleaner energy in LMICs.
Control of object prediction using smart optimized water indication (sonic) algorithm for flood detection
Authors: Utomo Satryo Budi , Irawan Januar Fery , Sakti Widhi Winata , Faizah Fiqqih
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the development of a new algorithm in the field of image processing that enables the detection of flood disasters quickly and accurately, using the SONIC (Smart water indication optimizer) method. Concentrated detection in online real-time camera systems has been performed by several tests consisting of classifying camera objects, thermal cameras, and learning cameras. The introduction to the RTC web enables real-time and multiplatform data delivery systems on devices comprised of computers and android gadgets, on object classification using the SONIC algorithm. The object consists of humans, yellow balls, and green balls, with each sample having 50 points of view. The experiments showed test results up to 100% per age with real-time camera capture speeds.
Finite element method for stress analysis in the frame holder of generator translation and rotation motion on vertical direction mechanism for sea wave power plant
Authors: Suhartini Y. , Indriani A. , Hendra  , Rispandi  , Hernadewita
Published: March 2021

Finite element method (FEM) has been used to calculate stress analysis in many field of engineering or industry (metal, automotive, power plant and etc.). FEM can be applied to reduce cost of product processing before manufacturing process. Requirement of design of product is cheaper, good properties, effective and efficient depend on function of product. Stress analysis depend on the properties of material, load, static and dynamic and shape of product or component. In the metal processing, FEM is applied for stress analysis in the conveying roll component due to the load on the roll and thermal stress analysis in the component of low pressure die casting machine. In the power plant, FEM is applied in the frame holder of generator to get stress due to static and dynamic load. Requirement properties of material frame holder of generator is stable, high strength, high stiffness, high corrosion resistance, and etc. In this research focus on the stress in the frame holder of generator translation and rotation motion on vertical direction. Varying load and material has been used for frame holder of generator such as cast iron, stainless steel, steel and thermoplastic resin. In the previous study, frame holder of generator has been used from cast iron and thrust force direction come from horizontal direction. The results get the maximum value (σmax) of von mises of generator is is 643.4 MPa and the deflection value is 6.13 mm. By applied of vertical thrust force direction on the frame holder of generator translation and rotation is found that the maximum stress von misses value σvmis 74845 MPa and displacement is 17.9 mmby load 10 KN and using cast iron to frame holder of generator material.
Interpolation algorithm in designing of feed-forward robust precision control motion
Authors: Rusli Mochammad , Choiron Moch Agus , Muslim Muhammad Aziz
Published: March 2021

Based on the structure and dynamic process of the ladder secondary double-sided linear induction motor (DSLIM) with asymmetry position of primary part of motor, the motor parameters may change with the secondary position, which directly cause the stability of electromagnetic thrust. It is difficult to meet the system control performances for designing of controller in the dynamic characteristics of the speed closed loop. This paper describes some solving algorithm by adopting the rotor field oriented control as the model matching strategy to achieve the smooth control of the electromagnetic thrust. The arrangement of model matching process is based on the Nevallina pick solution as linear interpolation method. Through the robust control concept and model matching control, the stability of the electromagnetic thrust during the motor step change process can be achieved. The simulation results verify the truth of the presented control strategies.
Simulation of melt temperature on quality of Pepsodent toothbrush products in injection molding process using Ansys software
Authors: Susetyo Arief , Andoko
Published: March 2021

Shrinkage is a defect in the form of a change in the dimensions of the product as a result of the injection molding process. Cooling mold is one of the factors that influence shrinkage product defects. Cooling the mold is done using a fluid medium (water cooling). The test was carried out using polypropylene material with constant parameter set-up such as injection time of 2 seconds, injection pressure of 10 MPa, coolant temperature of 22, 24, and 26 °C and melt temperatures of 190, 200 and 210 °C. Simulation uses Ansys transient software using the finite element method to analyze the average temperature in the product cavity. Simulation was using Pepsodent toothbrush products. Simulation result shows the best product quality with a product quality value produces a fill time value of 3.19 seconds with a predictive quality of 68.5% and has a weld line of 0.0115 °, a cooling time of 13.8 seconds and a shrinkage value of 0.008 mm. Simulation results show that the optimal product quality values are found in the set-up parameters of 24 °C coolant temperature, 200 °C melt temperature and 41.3 °C mold temperature. Product quality safety factor indicates that the product is in a good category. This means that the value of product quality is influenced by the mold cooler temperature and along with the increase in the mold temperature, which causes the mold cooling temperature is not constant.
Effect of coolant temperature on product quality on injection molding machines using Autodesk Moldflow adviser software
Authors: Wildan Akhmad , Andoko Andoko
Published: March 2021

Injection molding is a manufacturing machine that processes the production of small to large plastic packaging that does not have a cavity like a bottle. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in mold cooler temperature and injection time on the quality of plastic products in multi cavities. The cooling system in the injection molding process affects the quality of plastic products, if the mold is too hot then the melt or liquid plastic will experience a slowdown in the freezing process resulting in defects in the product. This research uses the simulation method, the simulation is carried out to simplify the numerical approach analytically because in simulation it is not only part model, but also injection mold design can be checked and optimized by simulation with the Finite Element Method approach. The software used is ANSYS to obtain the Molding temperature and Autodesk Moldflow Adviser to get product quality. The variations used are temperature 16, 17, 18 with Melt temperature 230 and injection time of 2.4 seconds.
Failure analysis of railway freight car axle with finite method element
Authors: Jeadi Raymond Philander , Andoko Andoko
Published: March 2021

Caring for goods transportation vehicles is a natural thing in maintaining conditions in order to stay in prime condition, especially in the most important parts. One of the sections of the most important in a vehicle carrying humans or goods i.e.as the wheel. Care extra is needed so that no occurrence of failure when used. The failure of a part when used can result in consequences are potentially disastrous to the possibility of man as the victim. Therefore, axle vehicles, especially rail are designed extremely reliable, with a maintenance inspection of a non-destructive manner periodically. However, in a situation unique, as the wheel to experience a state of tension complex as well as some of the conditions the voltage doubles, so that the failure of fatigue at the time used. Studies have clarified the equivalent stress, strain energy, as well as the safety factor of the cause of the fracture of the axle wagon railway transporter type of train railway that used to haul coal in which the analysis of the failure of the shaft fractures is done by simulation with the comparison material standards and materials that have been inspected by the journal related.
Effect of shape mode and crack length on stress distribution in fiber metal laminates
Authors: Anam Khairul , Wahjudi Ari , Purnowidodo Anindito , Widodo Agung Sugeng , Talibo Teguh
Published: March 2021

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are widely used in various fields such as automotive and aerospace due to their high stiffness and strength to weight ratios. Moreover, they are also high fatigue resistance. In some applications such as aircraft structures, it is crucial to do a dynamic analysis in the FMLs structure. This research aims to investigate the effect of shape mode and crack length on stress distribution in fiber metal laminates. Numerical analysis is performed in this study to evaluate the stress distribution. Ten initial mode shape and crack length of 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm are used as the environmental conditions of the FMLs. The results indicate that the mode shape will change the stress distribution and the maximum stress position. Besides, the crack will propagate when it received tensile stress and in opening mode.
Design and development of air powered car using air motor engine
Authors: Setyono Bambang
Published: March 2021

This study aims to design and determine the performance of pressurized air-powered cars. The design results in the form of a three-wheeled air-powered car with a capacity of one person, the engine uses a four vanes-reversible air motor with a maximum rotation of 3000 rpm equipped with an air tube capacity of 6 m3 of pressure 150 bar. Test results with an operating pressure of 80 psi produce 2.74 HP. The car can drive stably and without significant obstacles. An air-powered car with light construction, simple way of working, low manufacturing and maintenance costs, does not produce exhaust emissions. However, it also has a disadvantage that there is still a rather noisy sound from the air outlet; it still needs a large enough and strong tube size to accommodate high-pressure air and large capacity. If these weaknesses can be overcome, pressurized air-powered vehicles will become one of the cars of the future.
Parametric study of gas-solid flow characteristic by using integration computational fluid dynamics and dynamic simulation
Authors: Widiawaty Candra Damis , Siswantara Ahmad Indra , Budiarso  , Daryus Asyari , Ramdlan Gunadi Gun Gun , Pujowidodo Hariyotejo , Gumelar Syafei Muhammad Hilman , Farhan Tanwir Ahmad
Published: March 2021

The multiphase gas-solid in the FCC Riser system is a complex flow. The particle flow influenced by superficial velocity. Some researchers showed that it needs a method to solve the advanced analysis in solid-particle characteristics, for example, Reynold number particle, the difference of height fluidization, coefficient of drag, and particle forces. This research gives an alternative method by integrating the CFD method and dynamic simulation method. We used EES as dynamic simulation software. The simulation data need some data such as average fluid velocity, average solid velocity, a maximum height of fluidization, and void fraction. The mathematical model is performed and the simulation data is copied to EES to analyst the gas-solid flow characteristic. This parametric study has been carried out with several superficial velocity 0.35 m s−1, 0.45 m−1, 0.5 m−1, and 0.7 m s−1. The results show that there are fluctuations in the forces received by the particles due to changes in the superficial velocity. However, the tendency of fluctuation trend to be directly proportional to the increase in the superficial velocity. The dynamic simulation calculations have a good agreement compare to literature studies and basic theory for solid flow behaviour in bubbling regimes.
The influence of foil-shaped center bulb geometry into catamaran fishing vessels resistance
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Budiarto Untung , Hidayat Kamal Zidan , Hernanta Hanif Hisyam , Trimulyono Andi
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the use of foil-shaped center bulb in catamaran fishing vessels, where the length, width, and height of the center bulb were configured into six variations. This study aims to get the best configuration that can most reduce the total resistance of catamaran fishing vessels. Ship resistance was tested at Fr 0.15 to Fr 0.35 using the CFD method. The results showed that the best model was found in Model 6, where the length of the center bulb was 15% greater while the width and height were smaller by 10% from the original one. Model 6 can reduce resistance by 10.68%.
Vortex development analysis effects of the use of winglets on Airfoil E562 in unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Setyo Hariyadi S.P. , Sutardi  , Widodo Wawan Aries
Published: March 2021

The development of aerospace technology is always interesting to follow because designers and manufacturers of flying objects compete to produce the best performance. This invites various forms of objects and geometries to be studied and researched. The use of winglets is commonly used in flying objects in the world today. This study further explores the effects of using winglets on vortex formation in areas near the wing’s body and behind it. This research uses computational fluid dynamics using Ansys 19.1. The turbulent model used is k-ω SST with a Reynolds number of 2.34 x 104. The observed angle of attacks are 15° and 17° on Eppler 562 wing airfoil. This research found that each winglet configuration has different velocity path lines and vorticity magnitude characteristics different. In the areas where fluid flow jumps occur it is shown that there is an increase in fluid flow velocity. The forward wingtip fence can withstand the fluid flow jump better than other winglet configurations. The use of winglets results in a greater area of vorticity magnitude behind the wing than the plain wing even though the forward and rearward wingtip fence produces smaller values, especially behind the wing.
Analysis of the effect of addition of stern flaps on the performance of 60 m fast boat
Authors: Manik Parlindungan , Rindo Good , Yudo Hartono , Sinaga Ebin Ezer
Published: March 2021

Regulations from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) regarding energy efficiency mean that the ship design must have the least possible resistance so that fuel consumption is also low. Several modifications to the shape of the hull have been developed so that the performance of the ship can be improved so that its use is more efficient. The stern flap is a modification of the hull shape by adding an appendage to the lower transom. The application of the use of a stern flap can improve the movement of ships that are too heavy behind, causing the ship to have a tendency to trim the stern, increasing hydrodynamic work and reducing the obstacles that work while the ship is operating. This study analyzes the effect of adding an appendage to the stern in the form of a stern flap on the performance of fast boats using a computer program based on Computation Fluid Dynamic (CFD). This study was conducted by comparing the results of the analysis of the original model, namely without adding flaps with variations in the addition of flaps at the stern of the ship. Based on the analysis results, obtained an increase in ship performance for each stern flap variation compared to the original model. Flap V model with a flap length of 2% LPP and a Trailling Edge Down (TED) angle of 90 is the best variation. The total resistance value at each speed has a better decrease. Compared to other models, the total resistance of the ship is reduced by 5.53%.
The effect of molecular dynamic energy of photocatalysts on hydrogen production
Authors: Sofi’i Yepy Komaril , Siswanto Eko , Winarto  , Nyoman Gede Wardana I
Published: March 2021

Activated Carbon (AC) and Clitoria Ternatea Powder (CTP) were used as photocatalysts to produce hydrogen gas from water. Photocatalysts were characterized by SEM-EDX and FTIR. Photocatalysis was carried out for 1 hour using 300 W halogen blue light. The resulting gas was measured in ppm using the MQ 8 gas detector and converted into μmol. In photocatalysis, the various ratios of AC and CTP affect the molecular dynamic energy. The molecular dynamics energy was estimated with Hyperchem software. At the case of constant AC while increasing the number of CTP, the molecular dynamics energy increases from 524,143 kcal/mol to 801,488 kcal/mol. Whereas in the case of constant CTP while increasing the number of AC, the molecular dynamics energy only slightly increase from 524,143 kcal mol−1 to 541,527 kcal mol−1. Molecular dynamic energy in both cases is directly proportional to the hydrogen gas production in the first case, increasing CTP the hydrogen production reaches 2635 µmol g−1 h−1. Whereas in the second case, increasing AC, the hydrogen production tends to be constant. These results indicate the AC will play an optimal role as catalyst support when most of its defects are filled with CTP the defective grapheme in AC boosts the behaviour of electrons in the aromatic ring of CTP. In the future, it will be a step forward for the production of hydrogen gas in an environmentally friendly way.
Application of wavy absorber plate in solar dryer for higher drying speed in solar food dryer
Authors: Syafwansyah Effendi M. , Hendrawan Ahmad , Khafidz Arifin M.
Published: March 2021

Conventional food drying by using ambient air is the oldest and widely applied method to preserve agriculture product. This method, however, shows several challenges, e.g. contamination problem, inhomogeneous drying process, difficulty in control of water content which may lead to product degradation. Contamination during this method could be due to many factors, e.g. dirty air, insect, wind which may carry out garbage and animals’ sewage and rain. An alternative solution to overcome these challenges is by developing solar dryer method. This method is widely applied particularly in the area with abundant supply of solar energy. In this research, solar dryer is equipped with wavy plate consisting of two ducting. Two ducting design is expected to result in higher drying temperature compared than one ducting. The research was worked out through experimental method. Data of solar radiation, temperature of ambient air and drying room collected in this research was then synchronized with speed of drying process. The prototype developed in this research showed that drying speed could achieve 8.51% per hour.
Design of the three-phase axial flux generator with eight permanent Neodymium magnets for charging battery 12 Volt
Authors: Utomo Satryo Budi , Irawan Januar Fery , Hadi Widyono , Indah N. , Aldhea
Published: March 2021

Today with the depletion of primary energy in the form of petroleum and coal, which has led to soaring prices of oil and coal, resulting in swelling in electricity costs in Indonesia. The swelling is also because 85% of electricity fuel is petroleum and coal and added by the development of technology in this era, which will require more electricity resources to supply the needs and demands of consumers to the state electricity company. Therefore, making research modeling as a power plant whose potential energy found in nature will be needed. In every power plant, there will be generators that will be necessary to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. In design in axial generator flux with opposite poles, they have 12 coils on both stators, each of which has 375 turns connected in series with 8magnets Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB)on the rotor. The diameter of the wire email used in this generator is 0.5 mm. Tests carried out using a battery 12 Voltas a load, with the treatment of the cell, is charging using an axial generator flux. Experiments of the voltage, current, and rotational speed of the rotor to determine the power and efficiency of the generator carried out before and after the rectifier 3 phase. The rotation variation will produce harvesting energy. This research employs the system harvesting energy to charge 12 Volt lithium batteries. The test results show that change flux this magnet produces a voltage of 20 volts and a current of 0.288 A, and the interaction of the magnetic field between Aluminum-Cu electrons is capable of producing a current of 0.288 A.
The effect of sweet orange peel addition into premium gasoline on fuel consumption and flue gas emissions
Authors: Musyaroh  , Wijayanti Widya , Sasongko Mega Nur
Published: March 2021

This study offered an investigation as to how the use of sweet orange peel oil as an additive for premium gasoline can increase octane performance which influence combustion. Sweet orange peel oil-acting as a RON booster-contains monoterpene compounds and oxygenated hydrocarbons which can improve the quality of combustion. The study also aimed to analyze the combustion characteristics of premium gasoline mixture affected by sweet orange peel additives on SI engines. This study carried out tests on an engine fuel consumption and HC emissions. The cyclic rings and methyl groups of monoterpene compounds in sweet orange peel additives contribute to the increase of electronegativity of additives, therefore being able to interfere with the premium gasoline’s compounds which are dominated by aromatics hydrocarbons. It has an impact on the branches of single-bond molecules series of premium gasoline. This makes the premium gasoline cannot be ignited at low temperatures, which results in perfect combustion. In addition, the polarity of triacetin and eugenol, which includes oxygenated hydrocarbons, is able to reduce CO as the avoided gas in combustion. Sweet orange peel additives—processed by maceration extraction method—are added to premium gasoline. There are 3 ratios of additives in this study; orange peel essential oil extracted with a concentration ratio of dried orange peels simplicial to n-hexane (v / v) of 1% (EO A); 0.75% (EO B); and 0.6% (EO C). To determine the effect of the additive, exhaust gas emission testing and fuel consumption measurement were carried out on the 2013 Honda Absolute Revo motorcycle 4-step, SOHC, 1 cylinder, 109.17 cc engine. The exhaust gas, i.e. CO, HC, CO2, and O2 were analyzed using a Stargas-898-type gas analyzer. Furthermore, fuel consumption measurement was carried out at 3500 rpm engine speed. The results show that CO could be reduced by 37.7%, while the remaining O2 was reduced by 17%. The addition of sweet orange peel additives could increase CO2 levels in exhaust gases when compared to premium gasoline combustion without additives. However, the premium gasoline with additive A (EO A) blend tends to produce higher hydrocarbon emissions compared to other types of premium additive proportions. In conclusion, adding sweet orange peel additives to premium gasoline can reduce fuel consumption by 3.3%; 3.2%; and 3.4% for each blend, respectively.
Hemicellulose and hexenuronic acid removal selectivity to give boosting effect to ECF bleaching
Authors: Trismawati  , Nanlohy Hendry Y. , Zainal A , Wikanaji D. , Setiyo Muji
Published: March 2021

Varies wood structure need difference way of treatment to get the appropriate quality of wood pulp. In pulp industry, wood chips should be cooked and bleached in order to have a good quality of pulp suitable for paper industry. A modified pulp cooking such as Continuous Isothermal Cooking and Super Batch Cooking followed by ECF bleaching is a good alternative for the achievement the necessary standard quality. Effort to achieve better quality in higher yield has so many times been done. Enzyme treatment using xylanase using Ecopuylp TX-200 is a good alternative that could be done in the ECF bleaching stage. Two kinds of unbleached wood pulp from Eucalyptus camaldulensis from AA Thailand, Acacia mangium from RAPP Indonesia is used in this experiment. The bleaching results are analysed for yield, viscosity, hexenuronic acid content, and brightness. The results give an indication that wood structure has a close correlation with the accessibility of enzyme and chemistries in giving peeling effect of lignin from lignin carbohydrate complex (LCC) to get high brightness of pulp with minimum fibre losses. The presence of Na2CO3in the cooking liquor to gather with the xylanase has positive effect in the cleavage of hemicellulose and lignin through hydrogen bond at – OCH3.
Gas-solid two phase flow simulation in rectangular riser
Authors: Suryo Is Bunyamin , Yuwono Tri Yogi , Schnell Uwe
Published: March 2021

The numerical studies of gas-solid two phase flow in a rectangular riser are carried out and evaluated. Eulerian-Eulerian approach using kinetic theory of granular flow is utilised in the simulation. Syamlal et al. drag model is utilised to calculate the energy exchange between gas and solid phase. Radial distribution model of Syamlal et al. and the restitution coefficient of 0.7 are used to predict the hydrodynamics flow in the riser. The simulation is carried out from 0 s to 40 s using time steps of 0.00015 s and on a single computer. The comparisons of numerical results with experimental data are made using lateral profiles of the solid phase velocity and the gas volume fraction. The simulation result overestimates the experimental value due to the coarse nature of the grid and probably due to uncertainties of the inlet flow properties.
Evaluation of ohmic heating for sterilization of berry-like fruit juice of mulberry (Morus nigra), bignay (Antidesma bunius), and jambolana (Syzygium cumini)
Authors: Hardinasinta Gemala , Salengke S. , Mursalim  , Muhidong Junaedi
Published: March 2021

Increasing awareness on healthy lifestyles escalated the demand for health beneficial products which lead to the creation of minimally processed products using novel technologies. Ohmic heating considered as an emerging sterilization technology which adopt the principle of High-Temperature Short Time (HTST) in thermal sterilization technology. Among the indigenous species of berry-like fruit grown in Indonesia are mulberry (Morus nigra), bignay (Antidesma bunius), and jambolana (Syzygium cumini). This berry-like fruits possess great potential as raw materials for juice industries. In order to evaluate the applicability of ohmic technology for sterilization of juice and purees from these fruits, a stationary ohmic heating system has been built and tested on these three types of fruit juice. The electrical conductivities, heating rates, and system performance coefficients were measured. This study found that the electrical conductivities of all these fruit juices were ranging from 0.128 to 0.430 S.m−1 which increased linearly with temperature. The heating rates were 0.57-0.66 °C/s and the SPC values were ranging from 0.64 - 0.81. This study concluded that ohmic heating is suitable for sterilization of these three types of fruit juices as it could provide a short heating time and a high coefficient of performance. However, the designed ohmic heating system seems to suit better for jambolana juice than for mulberry and bignay juice.
Heat balance simulation for evaluating a 315 MW low rank coal-fired power plant performance
Authors: Suryo Is Bunyamin , Saputra Ari Kurniawan , Widodo Wawan Aries , Ikhwan Nur , Maskur Zainal
Published: March 2021

The domination of coal-fired power plant as power generation due to its feasibility to ensure a stable supply of electricity to customer. Unfortunately, the use of coal as power plant fuel faces an issue of air pollution. Some efforts have been proposed to make the operated coal-fired power plant meeting the environmental regulations. One of the most potential ways to solve the problem is by improving the coal-fired power plant efficiency and then equate to a greenhouse gas reduction. Thus, heat balance simulation of coal-fired power plant which operates in different conditions have to be studied in order to analyse the power plant performance. In this paper, the heat balance of a 315 MW low rank coal-fired power plant is simulated by Cycle-Tempo. The simulations are carried out for several different operation conditions of the power plant. The Heat Rate will increase of 3.66% when all HPH are on off-duty while it increases by 2.63% when all LPH are on off-duty. Furthermore, the increasing of Superheater temperature of 5 °C will decrease the Heat Rate of 0.59% and it will decrease of 0.39% when the temperature of Reheater increases of 5 °C.
Induction stoves: An option for clean and efficient cooking in Indonesia
Authors: Tiandho Yuant , Indriawati Anisa , Putri Aning K. , Afriani Fitri
Published: March 2021

Energy sustainability and carbon emission reduction programs are widespread issues in various countries. One sector of concern in the program is the household sector with cooking activities as its focus. Therefore the cooking fuel conversion program is often carried out in various countries and even in Indonesia, such as the program of conversion of kerosene to LPG. In this article, we review the options for using induction stoves for Indonesian society. The method for our review is based on the comparison of articles in previous studies. In various experiments, it has been stated that induction stoves have better energy efficiency than electric filament stoves and LPG stoves. As a result, the operational costs of induction stoves are lower than those of the two stoves. Also, the carbon emissions of induction stoves are lower than LPG stoves. However, several challenges must be resolved if the policy about the conversion of LPG stoves to induction stoves will be implemented in Indonesia.
Characterization of fuel oil from pyrolysis waste light density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP)
Authors: Setiawan Adhi , Setiani Vivin , Mazdhatina Okta Salsha
Published: March 2021

Plastic is the biggest commonly used materials in daily life. The increased of use plastics in daily life like due to their light weight, good durability, corrosion resistance, and is quite economical. However, plastic is stable and difficult to degrade so it can cause pollution to soil and also water ecosystems. Plastic waste for many years has been one of the main causes of flooding in several cities in Indonesia. Pyrolysis is one of environmentally friendly technologies that can be a solution to the plastic waste problem. Pyrolysis can convert plastic waste into liquid fuel by thermal degradation. This research aims to synthesize liquid materials from LDPE and PP plastic waste using pyrolysis and study the effect of variations in plastic types. Pyrolysis temperature used is 325 °C in 4 hours. The fuels obtained were analysed in nature including density, viscosity, flash point. Fuel content was analysed using GC-MS devices. The result of research was highest viscosity (0.61 cSt) and density (820K kg m−3) found at 100% PP plastic waste pyrolisis. 100% LDPE composition produced liquid oil with the highest yield on a value of 26.23% and the highest gas yield obtained at 75% LDPE composition and 25% PP (64.44%). Pyrolysis of plastic LDPE and PP produced cyclohexanedione compounds (C9H14O2) with a fairly low percentage.
Optimization of controller frequency in wind-turbine based on hybrid PSO-ANFIS
Authors: Ali Machrus , Budiman  , Sujatmika Arif Rahman , Firdaus Aji Akbar
Published: March 2021

The variable speed wind turbine field has grown rapidly in recent years. If the low wind speed was below the average value, the speed controller must be able to adjust the rotor speed to maintain the speed in order to provide maximum power coefficient, turbine efficiency will increase. The Pitch angle control was one way to adjust the aerodynamic torque in the wind turbine so that the wind turbine power output is constant. In this paper, methods without control, PID, PID-PSO, and PID-PSO-ANFIS controls are compared for pitch angle control. The research results showed that the lowest average active power and unstable active power in the uncontrolled model was 0.3305 Watt with a frequency of 10 m−1 s−1, and the largest was the PID-PSO-ANFIS model with an active power of 2.282 Watt with a frequency of 180 m−1 s−1. PID-PSO-ANFIS model is the best model in this study and can be proposed to be applied to higher systems.
The effect of palm biodiesel composition on the physical properties of Calophylluminophyllum-palm biodiesel mixture
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Nadjib Muhammad , Novela Mila C , Aprilia Ornelia D
Published: March 2021

The increasing energy consumption and depletion of fossil fuels require the need for alternative source of fuels. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel developed and can replace or reduce the use of petroleum diesel. One of its development processes is to change fatty acid composition through the mixing of different raw materials namely
Calophylluminophyllum
and palm oil.
Calophylluminophyllum
oil is a non-edible raw, while palm oil is an edible raw materialwhich is abundantly produced. The research was carried out by processing palm and
Calophylluminophyllum
oil into biodiesel using transesterification. Furthermore, both kinds of biodiesel were mixed with 11 variations of the composition. The results showed that mixing biodiesel
Calophylluminophyllum
and palm oil produced positive results with decreased viscosity and increased calorific value.
Effect of activated carbon catalyst on the cracking of biomass molecules into light hydrocarbons in biomass pyrolysis
Authors: Suprianto Teguh , Winarto  , Wijayanti Widya , Wardana ING
Published: March 2021

Syngas which is rich in methane and hydrogen gas can be produced through the biomass pyrolysis process. This study uses an activated carbon (AC) catalyst in the pyrolysis process using a fixed bed reactor. The result showed that using AC reduces the temperature of methane production from 395 °C to 380 °C and increases CH4 production from 202.800 ppm to 223.500 ppm. The increase in the production and decrease in temperature of light hydrocarbon formation occurs due to the influence of properties of the aromatic ring on the activated carbon surface. The presence of aromatic rings causes electrostatic forces so that influences atomic bond in structure biomass molecule. From simulations that have been carried out using Avogadro Software, it shows that the length of C-C bonds increases and this means the bonds become weaker. This condition triggers the accelerating process of cracking hydrocarbon molecules and produces lighter hydrocarbon gas.
The effect of the variation of glass thickness and angle tilt on the performance of the double cover solar water collector
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Nizar , Subagyo Rachmat , Sa’dillah Muhammad Haris , Nugraha Andy
Published: March 2021

The energy crisis occurs because of the high level of dependence on fossil energy sources. The solution to overcome this problem is by utilizing alternative energy. One of the uses of solar energy is the use of solar collectors to heat water. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the solar water heater collector. This study used a double cover collector, with variations in glass thickness of 3 mm and 5 mm and a tilt angle of 20° and 30°. The study was conducted from 10:00 Banjarmasin Time to 16:00 Banjarmasin time. In this study, the best results were produced by solar collectors with a variation of glass thickness of 5 mm and an angle of 30°obtained average energy of 129.3 Watt and average efficiency of 48.1% at an average intensity of solar radiation of 497.6 W m−2. The performance results of 5 mm thickness glass are better than 3 mm thickness glass. In this study, glass with a thickness of 5 mm is more optimal for transmitting received solar radiation and isolating the heat coming out of the collector into the environment.
Characteristics of ZnO nanofiber in double Layer (TiO2 / ZnO) DSSC results of direct deposition electrospinning manufacturing: Variation of tip to collector distance
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Hadi Syamsul , Suyitno  , Prasetyo Singgih Dwi
Published: March 2021

Solar energy is obtained from sunlight. Solar cells are harvesters of solar energy that are converted into electrical energy through the photovoltaic process. One of solar cell types are Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) based on double layer photoanode which is very attractive to researchers because of its high performance, cheaper, and availability of mass production. The two-layer TiO2-ZnO semiconductor obtained with the nanofiber ZnO semiconductor was deposited directly with the TiO2 nanoparticle semiconductor. The addition of the nanofiber ZnO semiconductor layer is known to reduce the semiconductor band gap value.This present study is to determine the effect of direct deposition of the ZnO layer using electrospinning with variation of the tip distance of the collector. The results showed that the use of ZnO nanofiber layers made by direct deposition on the tip distance is 7 cm to the collector, which produced a small diameter size and uniform morphology. Small and uniform morphology allows DSSC to have better electron excitation. This is directly proportional to the high efficiency of DSSC double layer.
Controlling droplet behaviour and quality of DoD inkjet printer by designing actuation waveform for multi-drop method
Authors: Oktavianty Oke , Ishii Yoshie , Haruyama Shigeyuki , Kyoutani Tadayuki , Darmawan Zefry , Swara Suluh Elman
Published: March 2021

There are two techniques that can be used to improve the print quality of an inkjet printer, namely binary and greyscale techniques. In the greyscale technique, the method used is the multi drop ejection method. In the multidrop ejection method, it is more difficult to control droplet behaviour because the possibility of residual vibration and crosstalk will be higher, which can cause satellites and ligaments that can make poor print quality. In this study, we reveal how to control droplet behaviour in a multidrop ejection method so that it can produce good quality droplets. The comparison of droplet image that generated from basic waveform with the waveform using preliminary and suppressing vibration, without and with adjustments of actuation voltage was also studied.
Automating CAD for creating assembly structure from Bill of Materials
Authors: Sutisna Nanang Ali , Setyanto Nasir Widha
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the development of an add-on for CAD system generating assembly structure automatically based on a given Bill of Materials (BOM). The BOM in Excel format is scanned by the system and the system arrange 3D CAD files into assembly at in CATIA V5 CAD system automatically. This program has been tested and succeeded well at compiling 3D assembly based on 3D part file data that is available or not available. If the 3D file is not available then the 3D assembly is still generated according to the assembly structure listed on Excel file but its 3D representation does not appear.
Optimization of fused deposition modeling parameters for hips flexural strength with Taguchi method
Authors: Tanoto Yopi Yusuf , Anggono Juliana , Fefe
Published: March 2021

HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) is one of the materials used in 3D printing. Research and application of the use of this material have not been done much, especially in the applications that require flexural strength. This study aims to find a combination of FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) process parameter settings, that produce experiments with the highest flexural strength, with the optimization process using the experimental design of the Taguchi method with FDM parameters namely the orientation position of the specimen, fill pattern, fill density, and layer. The results showed the confirmation experiment produced the highest flexural strength (32.6753 MPa). In the experiment before confirmation, the highest flexural strength (31,3768 MPa) was shown in experiment number 5 (3rd orientation position, fill pattern lattice, 75% fill density, and 0.125 mm layer thickness).
Analysis of coolant temperature and injection time effect on the product quality in injection moulding using the Finite Element Method (FEM)
Authors: Achmaed Pratama Revangga Anjar , Aminnudin  , Aji Pradana Yanuar Rohmat , Afifah Nurul
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of cooling temperature and injection time on the injection molding machine to product quality using the finite element method. The first step in this research a designing cavity molding and plastic product with AUTODESK INVENTOR 2019 PROFESSIONAL software. The next step is found the average temperature in molding use the ANSYS software. The results are then used for the process of analyzing the quality of plastic products. The next stage is the process of analyzing the quality of plastic products using AUTODESK MOLDFLOWADVISER R2 2017. The plastic product analyzed is a product called plug-ib, the product used in eye drops that are obtained from plastic manufacturing companies, namely PT. Berlina Tbk. The results obtained by a cooling temperature of 24 °C with an injection time of 1.4 seconds obtained the quality of the best product with a percentage of product quality of 79% and a product weight of 0.415 grams.
Spring back analysis of pipe coil manufacturing using conventional lathe machine
Authors: Subarkah Rahmat , Heryana Ghany , Kristian  , Sholeh Moh , Zainuri Fuad , Widiawaty Candra Damis
Published: March 2021

The demand for manufacturing to support the food industry, medical industry, infrastructure, energy, and transportation are soaring. Meanwhile, the capacity and capability of conventional lathe machines need to be improved, especially to the manufacturing capability of particular parts. This issue needs to be considered since lots of small manufacturing industries which have conventional lathe machine need to compete to overcome the production demand of unique parts, for example as pipe coil. In large companies, coil manufacturing is produced with a special machine. With this concept, coil manufacturing can also be made in a lathe machine. What needs to be researched is how the good product achieved. In this case, are related to the dimensions laterally and axially, because there is a spring back character on the workpiece to produce. This study analysis the spring-back of the pipe coil in which manufactured using conventional lathe machine. From this research and testing, it was found that the lathe machine can be used to make coils with pipe raw materials. It was also found that there was a size deviation in the diameter and pitch of the coil. The size deviation can be used as a coefficient to compensate for the size of the mandrel and pitch.
The study of surface roughness and material removal rate using electrical discharge machining on copper-electroplated aluminium under discharge current and pulse-on time variation
Authors: Aji Pradana Yanuar Rohmat , Setio Miharjo Muhammad Aji , Andoko  , Wahono
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the effect of conductivity and cutting parameters in electrical discharge machining using material Cu-electroplated Al. Among the machining characteristics determined, the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) have been investigated under the influence of two electrical process parameters; namely discharge current and pulse-on time. The results of the study showed that the higher the value of discharge current and pulse-on time enhance both of the MRR and SR These results were then studied more detail by SEM observation showing the surface morphology of the object after cutting. The MRR results comparison between Cu-electroplated Al and untreated Al specimen proved that the conductivity affects the MRR results, where in general, both of MRR and SR were increased by using Cu-electroplated Al workpiece.