bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the results of functional diagnostic studies of the cardiovascular system in children after surgical correction of congenital heart defects
Authors: Grishechkin V. Yu. , Skuratova N. A.
Published: September 2023

Objective. To evaluate the features of the cardiovascular system in children after surgical correction of congenital heart defects revealed by functional diagnostic studies.Materials and methods. A functional diagnostic examination of the cardiovascular system (CVS) was performed in 43 children aged 5 to 17 years with the main clinical diagnosis: “Congenital heart disease” (CHD), of which 33 children of the main group (MG) had corrected CHD, in 10 children of the comparison group (CG) CHD correction was not performed due to the presence of certain contraindications. Patients were on a routine examination and treatment for CHD in the cardio-rheumatology department of the institution “Gomel Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital” in the period 2020-2022.Results. Based on the statistical processing of the results of the study, which included an assessment of clinical and anamnestic data and indicators of functional diagnostic methods for examining the CVS in children with CHD, the need for a comprehensive cardiological examination in children with this pathology was established, regardless of the method of performed surgical intervention. It was found that the majority of children with corrected CHD on the ECG had rhythm and conduction disturbances, as well as combined arrhythmias, and one third of the patients had cardiac complaints. According to the Holter monitoring (HM) and bicycle ergometry (BEM) tests, the children showed signs of electrical instability of the myocardium and a decrease in the adaptive reserves of the cardiovascular system.Conclusion. Children with corrected CHD require a comprehensive functional and diagnostic examination, which makes it possible to identify an “arrhythmogenic substrate” and establish signs of myocardial electrical instability, thereby optimizing the tactics of treatment and rehabilitation of this group of patients.
Long-term results of profundoplasty in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities depending on the state of the distal bed
Authors: Kulikovich J. K. , Lyzikov A. A. , Kaplan M. L. , Kovalenko A. A. , Usiankova V. V.
Published: September 2023

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of profundoplasty in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities, depending on the state of the distal bed.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 50 medical records and a survey of patients were carried out. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group (n=32) — patients with a satisfactory distal bed (without occlusion of the popliteal artery (PCA) and the presence of at least one tibial artery), the second group (n=18) — patients with occlusion of the PCA and / or tibial arteries. The results of the study were processed using applied statistics methods using MS Excel and the software package for statistical analysis “Statistica v. 8.0”. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.Results. The vast majority of patients who underwent profundoplasty were patients with critical lower extremities’ ischemia (F = 0.026; p<0.05). Among patients with occlusion of the popliteal segment, the lower limb was saved during the first year in 44 % of cases. Among patients with a satisfactory distal bed during the year, the limb was saved in 84 % of cases.Conclusion. The state of the distal bed has a significant impact on the result of profundoplasty in the late postoperative period (p=0.008). Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the postoperative period have low compliance with ongoing conservative therapy and modification of risk factors (p>0.05).
Stylohyoid syndrome in the practice of doctors of various specialties
Authors: Yadchanka U. N. , Yadchenko E. S. , Pohodenko-Chudakova I. O. , Bakanov P. P.
Published: September 2023

Objective. Based on the analysis of the data presented in the literature and own clinical observation, to develop an understanding of the frequency of occurrence and clinical signs of a fairly rare pathology – stylohyoid syndrome. Consider the peculiarities of the pathological process and give recommendations for working with patients of this category.Materials and methods. The material for the analysis was the data of studies by domestic and foreign authors concerning etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of stylohyoid syndrome published over the last 40 years. A descriptive method was used in the study. The article presents our own clinical observation and uses data from the medical record of an inpatient with verified “stylohyoid syndrome”.Results. The stylohyoid syndrome occurs in 4.0-10.3% of people who report constant pain in the pharynx, oral cavity, face and neck, dysphagia, hearing loss, limited mobility of the head, vegetative disorders. It has been determined that a set of clinical and radiation data is required for the diagnosis of the stylohyoid syndrome, the most significant of which are: abnormal length of the stylod process, a significant angle of its deviation, which leads to pain due to the pressure of the latter on the surrounding anatomical formations. The main method of treatment is surgical.Conclusion. The results of the study have an applied component: they indicate the necessity to perform radial examination, to consult related specialists for differential diagnostics in persons with suspected stylohyoid syndrome and contain an organizational and tactical element: they determine surgical treatment as the main method of specialized care for this category of patients.
Peripheral unspecified T-cell lymphoma with damage to the heart and large vessels of the mediastinum
Authors: Nikolaeva N. V. , Krivelevich N. B. , Osipenko D. V. , Berezniatsky A. V. , Dorogokupets A. V. , Pocuiko E. B. , Kalilets K. A. , Anonicheva A. Dz.
Published: September 2023

Peripheral unspecified T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS) is a malignant neoplasm that develops from mature T-lymphocytes and NK cells. PTCL NOS is a rare malignant neoplasm that occurs most often in men, predominantly over 60 years of age. This type of lymphoma accounts for about 15% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. The paper describes a clinical case of PTCL NOS , which was difficult to diagnose.
Empirical Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: An Evidence from Banking Sector in Bangladesh
Authors:   University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Islam Md. Saidul , Akash Md. ,   Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Published: September 2023

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become widely recognized as an integral aspect of firms' financial performance and practices. Consequently, the relationship between CSR and financial performance has been subject to scrutiny. This study aims to i
Quantifying riming from airborne data during HALO-(AC)3
Authors: Maherndl Nina , Moser Manuel , Lucke Johannes , Mech Mario , Risse Nils , Schirmacher Imke , Maahn Maximilian
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Riming is a key precipitation formation process in mixed-phase clouds by efficiently converting cloud liquid to ice water. Here, we present two methods to quantify riming of ice particles from airborne observations with the normalized rime mass, which is the ratio of rime mass to the mass of a size-equivalent spherical graupel particle. We use data obtained during the HALO-(AC)3 aircraft campaign, where two aircraft were collecting spatially and temporally closely collocated radar and in situ measurements over the Fram Strait west of Svalbard in spring 2022. The first method is based on an inverse Optimal Estimation algorithm to retrieve the normalized rime mass from a closure between cloud radar and in situ measurements during these collocated flight segments ("combined method"). The second method relies on in situ observations only, by relating the normalized rime mass to optical particle shape measurements ("in situ method"). We find good agreement between both methods during collocated flight segments with median normalized rime masses of 0.018 and 0.016 (mean values of 0.027 and 0.028) for combined and in situ method, respectively. Assuming particles with a normalized rime mass smaller 0.01 to be unrimed, we obtain average rimed fractions of 77 % and 75 %. Although in situ measurement volumes are in the range of a few cm3 and therefore much smaller than the radar volume (about 45 m footprint diameter), we assume they are representative of the radar volume. When this assumption is not met due to less homogeneous conditions, discrepancies between the two methods result. We compare normalized rime mass results with meteorological and cloud parameters and show the performance of the methods in two case studies, 1) a collocated segment in cold air outbreak conditions and 2) an in situ only flight close to a polar low. We find that higher normalized rime masses correlate with streaks of higher radar reflectivity. We also observe rimed particles in regions without liquid water, suggesting that particles were rimed in a liquid layer above and precipitated. The methods presented improve our ability to quantify riming from aircraft observations.
A method for estimating localized CO2 emissions from co-located satellite XCO2 and NO2 images
Authors: Fuentes Andrade Blanca , Buchwitz Michael , Reuter Maximilian , Bovensmann Heinrich , Richter Andreas , Boesch Hartmut , Burrows John P.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Its atmospheric concentration has increased by almost 50 % since the beginning of the industrial era, causing climate change. Fossil fuel combustion is responsible for most of the atmospheric CO2 increase, which originates to a large extent from localized sources such as power stations. Independent estimates of the emissions from these sources are key to tracking the effectiveness of implemented climate policies to mitigate climate change. We developed a procedure to quantify CO2 emissions from localized sources based on a cross-sectional mass-balance approach and applied it to infer CO2 emissions from the Bełchatów Power Station, in Poland, using atmospheric observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3 (OCO-3) in its Snapshot Area Map (SAM) mode. As a result of the challenge of identifying CO2 emission plumes from satellite data with adequate accuracy, we located and constrained the shape of emission plumes using TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) NO2 column densities. We analysed all available OCO-3 overpasses over the Bełchatów Power Station from July 2019 to November 2022 and found a total of 9 that were suitable for the estimation of CO2 emissions using our method. The mean uncertainty of the obtained estimates was 5.8 Mt CO2 y−1 (22.0 %), mainly driven by the dispersion of the cross-sectional fluxes downwind of the source, e.g. due to turbulence. This dispersion uncertainty was characterized using a semivariogram, possible thanks to the OCO-3 imaging capability over a target region in SAM mode, which provides observations containing plume information up to several tens of kilometres downwind of the source. A bottom-up emission estimate was computed based on the hourly power plant generated power and emission factors to validate the satellite-based estimates. We found that the two independent estimates agree within their 1 sigma uncertainty in 8 out of 9 analysed overpasses and have a high Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.92. Our results confirm the potential for monitoring large localized CO2 emission sources from space-based observations and the usefulness of NO2 estimates for plume detection. They illustrate as well the potential to improve CO2 monitoring capabilities with the planned Copernicus Anthropogenic CO2 Monitoring (CO2M) satellite constellation, which will provide simultaneously retrieved XCO2 and NO2 maps.
Dissolved oxygen as an indicator of multiple drivers of the marine ecosystem: the southern Adriatic Sea case study
Authors: Di Biagio Valeria , Martellucci Riccardo , Menna Milena , Teruzzi Anna , Amadio Carolina , Mauri Elena , Cossarini Gianpiero
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Oxygen is essential to all aerobic organisms, and its dynamics in the ocean involve interconnected physical and biological processes that form the basis of the functioning of the marine ecosystem. The study of dissolved oxygen (DO) variations under multiple drivers is currently one of the main goals of climate and marine-ecological scientific communities, and the quantification of DO levels is essential for the assessment of the environmental status, especially in coastal areas. We investigate the 1999–2021 interannual variability in DO in the southern Adriatic Sea, a marginal area of the Mediterranean Sea, where deep-water formation processes occur, contributing significantly to the ventilation of the eastern Mediterranean Basin. Following the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, which promotes the integration of different observational platforms, we use DO modelled by the Copernicus Marine Mediterranean Sea biogeochemical reanalysis, which assimilates satellite chlorophyll concentrations and to which we apply a bias correction using DO Argo float measurements in 2014–2020. A correlation analysis of the time series of the first three modes of variability (86 % of the total variance) of the DO profiles extracted from the bias-corrected reanalysis with key meteo-marine indicators shows a link with (i) net heat fluxes related to oxygen solubility, (ii) vertical mixing, (iii) biological production at the surface and in subsurface layers, and (iv) circulation associated with the entrance of northern Adriatic waters. The alternating entrance of Levantine and Atlantic waters through the North Ionian Gyre (NIG) appears to be the driver of the fourth mode of variability, which explains 8 % of the total variance. Moreover, we find that the first temporal mode of variability is the main driver of the negative anomaly of DO in the 0–600 m layer in 2021 with respect to the 1999–2020 climatology. We ascribe the lower content of DO in 2021 to a negative anomaly of the subsurface biological production in the same year, in agreement with the previous correlation analysis, but not to heat fluxes. Indeed, in agreement with previous studies, we observe a sharp increase in salinity favoured by the cyclonic circulation of NIG from 2019 onwards. We interpret this as a possible regime shift that is not captured by the time series analysis and whose possible consequences for Ionian–Adriatic system ventilation and for marine organisms should be carefully monitored in the near future.
Characterization of the organic vs. inorganic fraction of suspended particulate matter in coastal waters based on ocean color radiometry remote sensing
Authors: Loisel Hubert , Duforêt-Gaurier Lucile , Tran Trung Kien , Schaffer Ferreira Jorge Daniel , Steinmetz François , Mangin Antoine , Bretagnon Marine , Hembise Fanton d'Andon Odile
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Knowledge of the organic and inorganic particulate fraction of suspended material in coastal waters is essential for the study of particle dynamics and biogeochemical cycles in these complex and highly variable environments. Thanks to the availability of appropriate spatial sensors and to the considerable improvements in algorithms dedicated to the satellite observation of coastal waters from ocean color radiometry (OCR) achieved in the last 2 decades, various optical and biogeochemical parameters can now be routinely monitored over coastal waters. Here we show that a proxy for particulate composition (PPC) can be estimated from OCR observations. The present algorithm, based on a neural network approach, has been validated using a broad range of biogeochemical data collected in various contrasted coastal waters and has been applied to MERIS observations over the global coastal ocean at a 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution from 2002 to 2012. The relevance of the temporal occurrence of PPC in a given water pixel has been illustrated over the global coastal ocean, and its pertinence has been discussed in depth for the English Channel and the southern North Sea, which are characterized by a well-documented variability in suspended particulate matter composition. The present algorithm can directly be applied to all OCR sensors.
Recent changes in extreme wave events in the south-western South Atlantic
Authors: Gramcianinov Carolina B. , Staneva Joanna , Souza Celia R. G. , Linhares Priscila , de Camargo Ricardo , da Silva Dias Pedro L.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Over the past decades, the South Atlantic Ocean has experienced several changes, including a reported increase in coastal erosion and floods. This study aims to investigate the recent changes in the extreme wave events over the south-western South Atlantic (SWSA) – which hosts the most economically important harbours in South America, high oil and gas production demands, and rich biodiversity. This investigation considers not only the occurrence of extreme wave events but also extreme wave indicators that characterise the potential wave impact on offshore and coastal areas. Extreme wave events are obtained using the averaged monthly 95th percentile of significant wave height (Hs) from 1993 to 2021, combining the CMEMS global wave reanalysis and near-real-time products. Annual and seasonal statistics are derived to analyse mean and extreme wave climate and trends in the study region, focusing on Hs, peak period, and wave power. The analysis gives an overview of the wave climate in the study domain, including a discussion about seasonal differences. For a more direct application to future risk assessment and management, we perform an analysis considering the regional monitoring and warning system division established by the Brazilian Navy. We used a coastal hazard database that covers a portion of the coast to investigate how the trends given by the CMEMS wave products may impact the coastal zone. Our findings showed significant changes in the SWSA mainly associated with an increase in mean values of Hs, wave period, and consequently the wave power. Narrowing down to the coastal impact, we found an increase in the number of coastal hazards in the State of São Paulo associated with waves, which agrees with the increase in the number of extreme wave events in the adjacent ocean sector. However, the increased number of coastal events is also driven by local factors.
Comparing global trends in marine cold spells and marine heatwaves using reprocessed satellite data
Authors: Peal Robert , Worsfold Mark , Good Simon
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Climate change is causing extreme climate events to become more frequent and more severe. Marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold spells (MCSs) are prolonged, discrete periods of anomalously high or low ocean temperatures with wide-ranging impacts from dramatic shifts in biodiversity to changes in fishery yields. Previous research has found that MHWs are increasing in frequency and intensity, but MCSs remain less well understood. We used sea surface temperature (SST) data to compare the global observed MCS and MHW intensities and trends in their frequency over the period 1982–2021. These events were also assigned a category from I (moderate) to IV (extreme). Our findings show that in large areas of the ocean it can be said with 99 % confidence that MCSs have become less frequent and MHWs have become more frequent. In those regions, the occurrence of MCSs has typically reduced by one event every 5 years, while there is one extra MHW every 5 to 10 years. However, parts of the Southern Ocean go against these trends with MHWs becoming slightly less frequent and MCSs becoming more frequent. The trend of increasing numbers of MHWs and decreasing numbers of MCSs is mostly due to increases (and decreases) in category I and II events. Category III and IV MHWs are less common than the milder events, and a trend analysis demonstrated that across most of the ocean they are occurring at a slightly increased rate. However, the spatial extent of the ocean affected by these events is increasing at a faster rate. The occurrences of category III and IV MCSs are infrequent, and a trend analysis also found that their rates of occurrence, as well as the spatial extent of the ocean affected, remain near constant. Many of our results are in agreement with previous studies; what is significant about this study is the fact that it uses a different, higher-resolution input SST dataset. The similarity of the results between the different research efforts strengthens the argument that these events are not just a feature of their input dataset.
South Atlantic overturning and heat transport variations in ocean reanalyses and observation-based estimates
Authors: Baker Jonathan Andrew , Renshaw Richard , Jackson Laura Claire , Dubois Clotilde , Iovino Doroteaciro , Zuo Hao , Perez Renellys C. , Dong Shenfu , Kersalé Marion , Mayer Michael , Mayer Johannes , Speich Sabrina , Lamont Tarron
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The variability in the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and meridional heat transport measured across 34.5∘ S
during 2013–2017 differs significantly between observational and ocean
reanalysis estimates. Variability in an ocean reanalysis ensemble and an
eddy-resolving reanalysis is similar to an altimeter-based estimate but
smaller than energy-budget and mooring-based estimates. Over 1993–2020,
there is no long-term trend in the ensemble-mean overturning and heat
transport, although there are inter-model differences, whereas the
altimeter-based and energy-budget estimate transports increase over this
period. Time-mean overturning volume transport (and the depth of maximum
overturning) across 34.5∘ S in the ensemble and observations are
similar, whereas the corresponding mean heat transports differ by up to 0.3 PW. The seasonal cycle of these transports varies between estimates, due to differences in the methods for estimating the geostrophic flow and the sampling characteristics of the observational approaches. The baroclinic, barotropic, and Ekman MOC components tend to augment each other in mooring-based estimates, whereas in other estimates they tend to counteract each
other, so the monthly-mean, interannual, and seasonal MOC anomalies have a
greater magnitude in the mooring-based estimates. Thus, the mean and
variation in real-world South Atlantic transports and the amplitude of
their fluctuations are still uncertain. Ocean reanalyses are useful tools
to identify and understand the source of these differences and the
mechanisms that control volume and heat transport variability in the South
Atlantic, a region critical for determining the global overturning pathways
and inter-basin transports.
Baltic Sea freshwater content
Authors: Raudsepp Urmas , Maljutenko Ilja , Barzandeh Amirhossein , Uiboupin Rivo , Lagemaa Priidik
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is a brackish shallow sea, the state of which is determined by the mixing of freshwater from net precipitation and runoff with the salty water from the North Sea inflows. The freshwater
content (FWC) of the Baltic Sea is calculated from the Copernicus regional
reanalysis data covering the period 1993–2021. The FWC in the Baltic Sea
has shown a steady decrease over the past 2 decades, with a linear trend of
23.9 km3 yr−1; however, the trend has significant spatial
variability. The Gulf of Bothnia has a positive FWC tendency, while the
Baltic Proper has a negative FWC tendency. Temporal changes of FWC are
opposite between the Bothnian Bay in the north and the southern Baltic
Proper. In the Bothnian Bay, interannual changes of FWC are positively
correlated with river runoff and net precipitation and negatively correlated
with salt transport. In the southern Baltic Proper, the variations of FWC
and salt transport through the Danish straits are negatively correlated from 1993 until 2010 but positively correlated thereafter. The seasonal
freshwater content reflects the specific hydrophysical conditions of each
sub-basin, with northern basins being influenced by seasonal river runoff
and ice formation and melting, while the southern basins are more responsive to subsurface salinity changes due to salt transport through the Danish straits.
Ocean heat content in the Iberian–Biscay–Ireland regional seas
Authors: de Pascual-Collar Álvaro , Aznar Roland , Levier Bruno , García-Sotillo Marcos
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The ocean has the largest heat capacity of any single component of the climate system and plays a key dominant role in global heat content changes. To analyse ocean heat content (OHC) variability in the Iberia–Biscay–Ireland (IBI) region, several Copernicus Marine reanalysis and observational products are used together to provide multi-product estimations of OHC anomalies over the water column (at upper layers 150, 700, and 2000 m). This work provides a study of spatial and temporal variability of OHC in the northeastern Atlantic region through the analysis of area-averaged time series, trend maps, and trends linked with the main water masses found in the IBI region. The work states the key role that subsurface water masses play in the OHC
trends in the IBI region. The study shows that, although no significant
trends are detected for the surface water layers, the intermediate and deep
water layers show significant trends (with rates of +0.40 W m−2).
However, the high interannual variability of the subsurface water masses
masks these trends. Two of the main water masses described in the region
(i.e. Sub-Arctic Intermediate Water and Mediterranean Outflow Water) are found to explain more than 50 % of the OHC variability. Since the
variability of both water masses is linked to the North Atlantic
Oscillation, the work shows the mechanisms by which atmospheric forcing is
able to affect the subsurface water layers without showing a signal in the
surface.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IDEAS IN SCHOOL BIOLOGY EDUCATION: EXPERIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors:   1Educational Institution ", Radyhina V.V. ,   Maxim Tank Belarusian State Pedagogical University",   , Minsk city, Belarus, Borshchevskaya E.V ,   Scientific and Methodological Institution "National Institute of Education" of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk city, Belarus
Published: September 2023

.В статье обоснована необходимость внедрения идей устойчивого развития в образование, раскрыты изменения в школьном биологическом образовании Республики Беларусь: модернизация цели, трансформация структуры и содержания, внедрение компетентностного подхода. Раскрыта сущностная характеристика понятий «личностные и метапредметные компетенции», установлены структурные компоненты личностных и метапредметных компетенций учащихся в контексте идей устойчивого развития. Определены подходы и принципы формирования личностных и метапредметных компетенций учащихся: компетентностный (принцип социально-экологической мобильности личности, направленный на развитие способностей гибко ориентироваться в динамичных эколого-социо-экономических условиях); интегративный (принцип направленности целей и содержания школьного биологического образования на устойчивое развитие личности, позволяющий формировать личность, обладающую экологическим менталитетом и способную воплощать идеи устойчивого развития в жизнь); личностно ориентированный (принцип вариативности, направленный на выбор индивидуальной траектории и темпа взаимодействия с системой «природа – общество – человек»); деятельностный (принцип моделирования социо-эколого-биологических проблемных ситуаций, позволяющий воспроизводить процессы и предвидеть результаты взаимодействия человека с окружающим миром). Представлена разработанная структура методики формирования личностных и метапредметных компетенций учащихся при обучении биологии в контексте реализации идей устойчивого развития. Она включает в себя пять взаимосвязанных и взаимозависимых компонентов: целевой, содержательный, процессуальный, учебно-методический, критериально-оценочный. Все компоненты в предлагаемой структуре рассматриваются во взаимосвязи и взаимовлиянии, и обеспечивают функционирование, устойчивое единство и целостность образовательного процесса.
A NEW CATALYST FOR THE ALKYLATION OF TOLUENE WITH BUTYLENE
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty city, Kazakhstan, Aubakirov E.A. , Tashmukhambetova J.Kh ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty city, Kazakhstan, Akhmetova,. F. Zh ,   Zhangirkhan West-Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Uralsk city, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2023

В работе получен новый катализатор на основе сульфата циркония, нанесенного на природный цеолит месторождения Семейтау и аморфную каменную глину месторождения Коскудык, в качестве носителя активной фазы, который был исследован в процессе алкилирования толуола бутиленом. Методами рентгенофлуоресцентного и рентгенофазового анализов, ИК-спектроскопии определены химический состав и структура исходного цеолита и аморфной каменной глины, а также показана возможность их использования для получения эффективных катализаторов для процесса алкилирования ароматических углеводородов олефинами. С этой целью проведено сравнительное изучение структурных, кислотно-основных и каталитических свойств нанесенного катализатора. Изучение кислотных центров проводили прямой регистрацией ОН-групп катализаторов на основе природного цеолита методом ИК-спектроскопии, а также методом молекулярного зонда. Изучены декатионированный и термообработанный цеолиты Семейтау и кислотные свойства катализаторов на их основе. Впервые для исследуемого процесса разработана новая каталитическая система на основе сульфата циркония, нанесенного на цеолитсодержащую аморфную каменную глину. Определены количественные характеристики реакции алкилирования толуола, выход продукта составил 85.8±0.5%. Изучено влияние на процесс алкилирования толуола бутиленом температуры, объемной скорости подачи бутилена, времени алкилирования, состава катализатора.
PROMISING TECHNOLOGIES OF STYRENE PRODUCTION
Authors:   1Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan city, Russia, Dauylbek . A.A , Nakyp . A.M ,   1Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan city, Russia, Nakypova S.M ,   Satbayev University, Almaty city, Kazakhstan, Zharassova Zh.M. ,   Satbayev University, Almaty city, Kazakhstan, Niyazbek A.A ,   Abai School with specialized classes for gifted children with instruction in three languages  Kyzylorda city, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2023

Бұл мақалада ғылыми зерттеулерді талдау негізінде стирол өндірісінің перспективті және инновациялық технологияларына жалпы шолу жасалады. Стирол – ең маңызды мұнай-химия өнімі. Стиролды өндірісте гликольдерді, желім алу, бояу және лак өнімдерін алу, полиуретанды, целлюлозаны, полистиролдарды, кеңейтілетін полистирол,бутадиен-стиролды каучук алу өндірісінде, акрилонитрил-бутадиен-стирол термопластикасын алу өндірісінде, полимерлердің көптеген түрлерін өндіру үшін, басқа сополимерлерді алу және үлкен маңызы бар құрылыс материалдарын алу үшін қолданылатын маңызды тауарлық материал. Әлемде стиролдың жылдық тұтынуы шамамен 30 миллион тоннаны құрайды. Өндірісте кеңінен қолданылуына байланысты стирол алудың әдістері де сан алуан. Қазіргі таңда стиролды алудың бірқатар әдістері белгілі. Алайда, белгілі әдістердің әртүрлілігіне қарамастан, өнеркәсіптік масштабта стиролды алудың негізгі әдісі этилбензолды жоғары температурада каталитикалық дегидрлеу және оны гидропероксид әдісімен пропилен оксидімен бірлесіп алу болып қала береді. Соңғы онжылдықта көптеген зерттеулер толуолдың бүйірлік тізбекті алкилдену реакциясының механизмін түсіну бойынша жүргізілді. Қазіргі таңда бұл маңызды мономерді көмірсутек шикізатының пиролиз өнімдерінен, этилбензолдан синтездеу, полистирол қалдықтарынан стирол алу, ацетофенонды каталитикалық түрлендіру арқылы және метилфенилкарбинол құрамдас шикізатты қышқыл катализатор қатысында колонна тәріздес реактор ректификаторда алу тәріздес перспективалы әдістерді қолдану арқылы алуға болады.
Pengaruh Hambatan Samping Terhadap Kinerja Ruas Jalan Dr. Ratulangi Kota Makassar (Studi Kasus: Ruas Jalan Depan Toko New Agung)
Authors: Parrung Ariel Risa , Tanijaya Jonie , Radjawane Louise Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

Sistem transportasi yang baik memberikan kinerja dan pelayanan maksimal bagi masyarakat. Kinerja lalu lintas yang kurang maksimal akan menyebabkan kemacetan yang dapat mengganggu aktivitas masyarakat sehari-hari. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mengurangi tingkat kinerja dan pelayanan transportasi adalah peningkatan volume kendaraan dan faktor hambatan samping pada ruas jalan. Sepanjang ruas jalan Dr. Ratulangi terdapat pertokoan, pusat perbelanjaan, rumah makan dan perkantoran sehingga daerah tersebut padat akan aktivitas masyarakat, hal ini menimbulkan masalah-masalah lalu lintas penyebab kemacetan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui arus lalu lintas dan dampak hambatan samping terhadap derajat kejenuhan di Jalan Dr. Ratulangi Depan Toko New Agung Kota Makassar. Dalam pengolahan data digunakan Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (PKJI) 2014, data penelitian yang diambil yakni data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil survei pada lokasi berupa data volume lalu lintas, hambatan samping, kecepatan kendaraan dan geometrik jalan serta data sekunder yaitu jumlah penduduk Kota Makassar. Hasil penelitian dari 3 hari pengamatan diperoleh volume arus lalu lintas terbesar pada hari Senin dimana arah selatan yaitu 1807,4 skr/jam dan arah utara yaitu 1850,2 skr/jam, Hambatan samping tertinggi pada hari Senin dengan total dua arah pada saat arus jam puncak rata-rata yaitu 1364,2 kejadian/jam dan derajat kejenuhan rata-rata yaitu pada arah selatan yaitu 0,709 dan arah utara yaitu 0,726.
THE ARTISTRY OF BABUR’S PERSIAN POETRY
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Jumaxo'ja Nusratullo
Published: September 2023

It is known that Zahirad-Din Muhammad Babur was a great poet who wrote in two languages –Turkish and Persian. However, Babur’s Persian poetry hadnot been published in its entirety. In 2021, 6 volumes of his works called “Kullyot”were published. Babur's Persian poems werefullypublished for the first time in the 1st volumeof “Kullyot”in “Devan”. So, this article is about the art of Babur's Persian poetry.
VIEWSOF BABURON THE KNOWLEDGE OF A LANGUAGE
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Sodiqov Qosimjon
Published: September 2023

This article analyses Zahirad-Din Muhammad Babur's views on linguistics. The works "Baburnama" and "Mukhtasar" were taken as the basis for the analysis. The range of use of some words has been comparatively checked. Babur's attitude to the language of Alisher Navoi's works is considered
"INCLUSION OF SHUARO (POET) IN THE "BABURNOMA" NARRATIVE"
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Ismoilov Ilyos
Published: September 2023

Zahirad-Din Muhammad Babur, an enlightened Timurid ruler, left an enduring legacy in world history. Throughout his life, he confronted numerous hardships and trials, yet his innate talent, bestowed by Allah, allowed him to mature as an artistic creator. His renowned work, "Baburnoma," holds particular significance as a valuable source not only for literature but also for various academic disciplines. This article delves into the exploration of the "Baburnoma" aspect that pertains to the history of literature, shedding light on its enduring influence.
ZAHIRAD-DIN MUHAMMAD BABUR'S WORK IN THE FIELD OF GOVERNMENT AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFGHANISTAN
Authors:   Kabul University, Mohammad Erkin
Published: September 2023

Zahiriad-Din Muhammad Babur is an poet who has made a great contribution to the treasury of world culture. During his rule in Afghanistan, he built many caravanserais, mosques, madrassas and gardens. Many of these improvements were built during Babur’s time and, moreover, during the time of his sons.
ON WİTNESSES OF BABUR SHAH İN CHAGATAİ DİCTİONARİES
Authors:   Tabriz University, Rahimi Farhad
Published: September 2023

Chagatai Turkish is a written language that continued to be used from the beginning of the 13thcentury to the beginning of the 20th century. After Navoi’s death, various dictionaries began to be written in every corner of the Islamic world to make his works easier to read. These dictionaries, which were generally written in the Ottoman Empire, Iran, Azerbaijan, India and Turkistan and have a greatvalue for the history of the development of the Turkish language, formed a school of lexicography. In the field of Iran, Chagatai Turkish dictionaries have been arranged in order to understand the works of Ali Sher Navoi. After the death of Navoi, many Chagatai Turkish dictionaries were written during the three successive Turkish dynasties, Safavids (1501-1736), Afshars (1736-1747) and Qajars (1795-1925). Nezrali’s dictionary, Feraghi’s Miftâhu'l-Lugatdictionary, Bedâyiü’l-Lugatand Abdulcemil Nasîri’s Kitab-i Türkiare among the dictionaries written during the Safavid period. A giant work like Senglah, written by Mirza Mehdi Khan, who was the author and historian of Nadir Shah during the Afshar dynasty, is extremely important in terms of showing the importance of Chagatai Turkish in this period. The interest in Chagatai Turkish continued during the period of Qajar rule, which is a continuation of the Turkish states in Iran; Dictionaries such as Hulasa-yi Abbasi, Et-Tamga-yı Nâsiriand Fethali Kachardictionary were written. In this study, information about the Chagatai Turkish Dictionary of Fethali Kachar, Feraghiand Nezrali, which we have previously published in Turkey, is given, and then the examples of Babur Shah, who are referenced as witnesses in these works and emphasized.
TWO POWERFUL KINGS - TWO FAMOUS POETS (Shah Ismayil Khatai-566 and Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur-540)
Authors:   MEA Institute of Literature named after Nizami Ganjavi, Ulvi Almaz
Published: September 2023

The names of two rulers - Shah Ismayil Khatai and Zahireddin Muhammad Babur - whose military power and poetic spirit complemented each other, were written in golden letters in the books of world history and science and literature. The lives and friendships of the great historical figures who were the commanders and poets of the Safavid Empire and the Babur Empire in the 15th and 16th centuries are one of the actual confirmations of the establishment of today's fraternal relations on a sound foundation.
CREATION OF PORTRAITS OF TIMURID RULERS CONTEMPORARY TO BABUR IN "BABURNAMA"
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Dehqonov Akramjon
Published: September 2023

The work "Baburnama" contains interesting information about many people belonging to different classes of society. Among them, the image of Timurid rulers is distinguished by its uniqueness. Baburskillfully describes the most important aspects of the character and behavior of the princes and rulers related to him. The complete spiritual image of the depicted person appears before our eyes.
BABUR: THE TOURIST AND NATURALIST SCIENTIST
Authors:   Babur International Community Foundation, Mashrabov Zokirjon
Published: September 2023

This article delves into theperspectives of Zahirad-Din Muhammad Babur Mirza regarding his profound insights into the realm of natural science. His comprehensive observations on this subject are extensively documented in his encyclopedic work, "Baburnama".Through a meticulous examination of his writings, it becomes evident that Babur Mirza was not only a perceptive tourist but also a keen naturalist. His travels across Mowarounnahr, Afghanistan, and India revealed his in-depth study of the geography, natural resources, and the intricate geological and seismological processes in these regions. Thus, Babur Mirza emerges as a sharp-witted scholar who made significant contributions to our understanding of the natural world during his remarkable journeys.
BABUR IS A MASTEREXPERT IN SEMANTICS
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Xolmanova Zulxumor
Published: September 2023

There are a number of factors contributing to the popularity of Babur’s personality and creativity. One of them is the creator’s deep understanding of the meaning of lexical units and their skillful use. Words and phraseological units expressing the picture of the world, reality, image and character of historical figures show the semantics and lexical capabilities of the Old Uzbek language of the era of Babur.Babur’s linguistic ability, mastery of the semantics of lexical units and the ability to express a number of semantic units ensured the attractiveness and originality of the language of Babur’s works, in particular the language of “Baburnama”.The article reveals Babur’s ability as an expert-master of semantics and thinker through the analysis of a number of lexical units that are characteristic of the text “Baburnama”.
BABUR IS THE EMBODIMENT OF PERFECTION
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Jabborov Nurboy
Published: September 2023

This article conducts a thorough examination of Zahirad-Din Muhammad Babur's multifaceted attributes as an individual, poet, and scientist, drawing upon primary sources including "Baburnoma," the "Secret Testament of Babur Shah's Son Humayun," "Muzakkiri Ahbob" authored by Hasankhoja Nisari, and Babur's lyrical compositions. It also presents the perspectives of both Uzbek and global scholars regarding these facets of Babur's life. Ultimately, the article concludes by reflecting on the enduring moral and spiritual foundations of Babur's qualities and their contemporary relevance in today's world.
ACKNOWLEDGING A LIFETIME THAT SETS AN EXAMPLE FOR RULERS AND INSPIRES THE WORLD'S SCIENTISTS
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Mullaxo'jayeva Karomat
Published: September 2023

This article explores the historical significance of Babur and the Babur dynasty in shaping world culture. It delves into the acknowledgment and examination of their contributions by Indian, European, and Russian scholars. Additionally, it highlights the influence of the Babur dynasty's life narratives on artistic endeavors, underscoring their importance as source material for artists.
HISTORICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF HERATIN "BABURNAMA"
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan Beruniy, Bo'riyev Omonulla
Published: September 2023

This article covers the historical geography of Afghanistan and Khurasan part of Central Asia based on the analysis of the information provided in “Baburnama” about Zahirad-din Babur’s trip to Herat.News about the nature of the Hindu Kush range, settlements, the topography ofthe city of Herat at the end of the 15thand beginning of the 16thcentury were brought to the attention of the scientific community.
VIEWS ON KAZAKH, KAZAKH AND TURKISH ELEMENTS IN BOBURNOMA
Authors:   Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi, Jemeney Islam
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes the Kazakh and Kazakh terms mentioned in "Baburnama", in what sense and for what purpose they are used on the basis of specific examples. In addition, the term "Alash" meaning "Turkish country", its etymology, and the places of the work where it is mentioned are expressed. It was concluded that "Baburnama" has a high scientific-educational, historical-literary value not only for the Uzbek people, but also for the entire Turkic nation.
A READING OF HEROISM THROUGH BABUR
Authors:   Marmara university, Aca Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Babur, as the fifth-generation descendant of might Tamerlane, was enthroned in Fergana when he was twelve years old, after the death of Omar Sheikh Mirza. Babur’s reign had dire conditions so that he would struggle to rule freely. Babur would inherit Tamerlane’s crumbling state which struggles with chaos. On top of this, Timurids would be besieged from all sides by their foes. At such a time, Babur would feel the need of protecting his realm and reviving it. Though, occurring power imbalances between Huseyn Baykara, Mahmud Mirza and Sheybani Khan, Babur’s illnesses and betrayals would make Babur’s ambitions even more challenging. Babur would stop his ambitions in Turkistan due to such reasons. Thus, he would leave Turkistan for a different goal. He would seek success and glory beyond the Hindu Kush Mountains. Passing through the mountains, he would conquer Kabul and declare himself the ruler of Kabul. Then, he would move towards Baluchistan and Northern India to form his Mughal Empire. This new Mughal Empire would stand against the test of time and persevere until the peaks of British colonialism in India throughout 19thcentury. As a great ruler of Turkistan and India, his life deserves a study as a founder hero. This study will put Babur under scrutiny through his birth, successes, failures, education, relations with regards to his mother and family, his downfall, exodus and his formation of an empire in foreign lands.
HOMONYMY AS A SPECIFIC SEMANTIC POSSIBILITY OF TURKIC LANGUAGES
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Abdurahmonova Muqaddas
Published: September 2023

As an ancient language, Turkic languages have wide semantic capabilities. Proof of this is the homonymy in the Uzbek and Turkish languages. In the development of the thinking of great encyclopedist scientists and thinkers, their command of language and level of understanding of the capabilities of language will occupy a special place. In the deep thoughts of the great thinker, king and poet Zahrad-Din Muhammad Babur, the ability to master language plays an important role in its understanding and knowledge of existence, with the skill of reflecting it.Homonymy, in addition to being a linguistic phenomenon, is considered as a factor in the development of thinking.The article semantically analyzes homonyms found in the text of “Baburnama”, shows the author’s skill in using words and the level of use of language capabilities.
THE PLACE OF THE TURKİSH LANGUAGE AND LİTERATURE İN BABUR SHAH AND HİS CULTURAL POLİCY
Authors:   Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Oral Tanju
Published: September 2023

Thepermanence of the countries acguired by the sword can only be ensured through the pen. Babur Shah managed to establish a lasting empire in India, which had been conquered twice before but couldn't be held. The works he left us, primarily Baburnama, as well as Divan, Aruz Risalesi, a treatise in which he demonstrated a tactic using a verse with 504 metrics, Mübeyyen, and the translation of Risale-i Validiyye, provide us with insights into Babur Shah's utilization of the Turkish language, his mastery of Turkish culture, his understanding of state governance, his surroundings, emotions, genealogy, contemporary artists, and much more. In this article, we examined how the pen that ensured the empire's permanence turned the geography into homeland, how he stamped this place with Turkish language and culture through its architecture and demographic structure, and his cultural policy applied in state governance, all through his own works.