bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Review: Library Licensing: A Manual for Busy Librarians
Authors: White Kristy
Published: July 2020

One of the many challenges librarians face is reviewing and negotiating licensing agreements. Halaychik and Reagan discuss these challenges in Library Licensing: A Manual for Busy Librarians. The scope of this book is much broader than the title seems to indicate, covering not only license-related topics regarding electronic resources in its six chapters, but also information on contract management software, Integrated Library Systems (ILS) and maintenance, and services agreements. For this reason, the book can feel unfocused at times. Chapter 1 briefly introduces basic information about contracts, while chapters 2 through 6 give a broad overview of the mechanics of a contract (including common clauses within contracts) and information concerning organizing, managing, and administering contracts, with examples of checklists and contracts in chapter 5 and subsequent appendixes.
Método de ensino de software CAD 3D – O vídeo como elemento facilitador da aprendizagem.
Authors: Santos Celio Teodorico dos , Brandão Claudio de São Plácido , Silveira Neto Walter Dutra
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo demonstra os resultados obtidos a partir de um experimento com um modelo de tutorial direcionado ao ensino de software CAD Tridimensional. Para o seu desenvolvimento foram identificados elementos tais como texto, vídeo e imagens estáticas, assim como o software que permitiria a criação do tutorial. Para este experimento foi utilizado um grupo de 19(dezenove) estudantes do curso de Bacharelado em Design Industrial, onde realizou-se uma seção em um laboratório de informática, para que o método proposto pudesse ser testado e verificado. Os dados apresentados discutem quais as necessidades e preferências do usuário no processo de execução da tarefa visando uma maior interatividade entre instrumento e aprendiz, na busca de uma aprendizagem facilitadora.
Biomass and Carbon Stored Estimated in the forest ecosystem of the Nova Canaã Farm (Porciúncula/RJ)
Authors: Santos Vilma da Conceição Lima dos , Silva Cleber Vinicius Vitorio da , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Moraes Juan Carlos Resende de , Carvalho Acacio Geraldo de , Silva Carlos Domingos da , Brandão Vanessa da Silva , Esper Fábio José , Silva Rodrigo Cavalcante Passos da
Published: July 2020

Global warming has become international concern, culminating with the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol which includes definitions and objectives of the sustainable development mechanisms and features that make it easier for the industrialized countries to jointly compensate for their polluting greenhouse gas emissions. Porciúncula is a city known for its agricultural development and the lack of characterization of ecosystems associated with the Atlantic Forest biome. Facing this chaotic scenario is Nova Canaã farm located in the Ribeirão da Perdição Environmental Preservation Area its forest ecosystem provides a series of environmental services such as carbon storage and CO2 sequestration. The team of researchers from OM Consultoria Ambiental performed the quantification of the biomass (Bwood) of the bole which resulted in estimates of 398.4753 t.ha-1 corresponding to 199.2377 tC.ha-1. The estimates obtained for the forest ecosystem of the farm can be used as a reference for the establishment of forest restoration projects under the under the sustainable development mechanism established the Kyoto Protocol.
Biossegurança em cursos de graduação: estudo de caso em duas unidades de ensino superior no Amazonas
Authors: Alves Rodrigo Couto , Santos Izi Caterini Paiva Alves Martinelli dos
Published: July 2020

A Biossegurança é definido como um conjunto de ações que tem a finalidade de prevenir e minimizar ao máximo os impactos que envolvam trabalhos com seres humanos, meio ambiente e animais. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a implementação da temática biossegurança em quinze cursos de graduação voltados para área da saúde, sendo eles dois Instituto de Ensino Superior (IES) localizado no Amazonas. Para desenvolver o estudo utilizaram-se informações secundárias sobre biossegurança, que embasaram as análises do levantamento das informações primárias, obtidas através dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso (PPC) das referidas IES. Foi verificado que apenas 37,50% apresentam satisfatoriamente a temática, 31,25% apresentaram de forma insatisfatória e 31,25% não apresentaram nenhuma temática. Será necessário realizar a revisão dos PPC’s dos cursos que não apresentaram a temática de educação ambiental ou que apenas fazem alguma citação em suas disciplinas.
Um relato de experiência docente: pesquisa e prática pedagógica
Authors: Silva Mariana do Nascimento
Published: July 2020

Este relatório foi fruto da aplicação de quatro regências numa turma de 5º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal, localizada na cidade de Itapissuma/PE. O objetivo das práticas pedagógicas é levar o licenciado a familiarizar-se com o campo da docência. Nesta disciplina os planos de aulas foram feitos com base nos fundamentos de língua portuguesa e história. Foi escolhido como tema principal que abordassem as duas disciplinas: Conhecendo minha família. Algumas atividades foram feitas com base em propostas de construção de desenhos, construção de textos descritivos com características das famílias, construção de árvores genealógica. Foram utilizados materiais como: data show, slides, livros paradidáticos, músicas, vídeos, letras de música e entre outros recursos. Sabemos que laborar na docência não é tarefa fácil nos anos iniciais, mas para quem é apaixonado por essa área é gratificante.
Assessing Animal Welfare: Where Does Science End and Philosophy Begin?
Authors: Sandøe P , Simonsen H B
Published: July 2020

To be able to assess animal welfare the researcher must presuppose a number of background assumptions that cannot be tested by means of ordinary empirical data collection. In order to substantiate these assumptions two sorts of inferences have to be relied upon, which the authors designate by the terms ‘analogies’ and ‘homologies’. Analogies are evaluative, philosophical reflections by means of which it is made clear what provisions or states constitute the welfare of humans and other animals. By means of analogies it may, for example be argued that animal welfare consists of subjective experiences such as pain, boredom, pleasure and expectation. Also by means of analogies the relative ‘weight’ of these states can be decided. Homologies are part of theoretical science. They serve to clarify how the relevant experiences are linked to measurable anatomical, physiological and behavioural parameters.

An account is given of the steps which have to be taken to give a full answer to a question concerning the welfare of animals. In the account only farm animals are mentioned, but the same steps, of course, also have to be taken to answer questions concerning the welfare of other kinds of animals be they companion, laboratory, zoo or wild. Eight steps are described, and it is argued that both analogies and homologies are needed at very fundamental levels. Therefore, if animal welfare science is to provide relevant, rational and reliable answers to questions concerning animal welfare, it must be an interdisciplinary inquiry involving philosophical reflections and theoretical biology.
Mujer, Gobierno Corporativo y eficiencia económica: análisis para el caso de las empresas familiares agroalimentarias
Authors: Nájera-Vázquez Cinthia , Martínez-Romero María J.
Published: July 2020

En la actualidad, el estudio de la diversidad de género en el ámbito empresarial está alcanzando una relevancia considerable, debido a la incorporación de la mujer a la vida laboral. Las Empresas Familiares han sido claves para la incorporación de las mujeres al mercado de trabajo, debido, entre otros motivos a la existencia de roles compartidos y al solapamiento de valores familiares y empresariales. La mayor parte de los estudios existentes sobre temas de género se centran en el efecto de la presencia femenina sobre distintas medidas de rendimiento, pero los resultados no son concluyentes en absoluto. Para ahondar en estas cuestiones, el presente trabajo analiza cómo influye la participación femenina en tres órganos de gobierno corporativo: Consejo de Administración, Junta General de Accionistas y Equipo Directivo, sobre la eficiencia económica de las Empresas Familiares Agroalimentarias. Los resultados obtenidos de una muestra de 147 Empresas Familiares Agroalimentarias Españolas, ponen de manifiesto que, la presencia femenina en los Consejos de Administración y en la Junta General de Accionistas, ejerce un impacto positivo y significativo en la eficiencia económica.
La presencia de las cooperativas de Catalunya en Internet
Authors: Araujo Batlle Alex , Serrano Robles Eloi , Jordan Vallverdú Victor
Published: July 2020

Internet se ha convertido en la electricidad del siglo XXI. La presencia en la red es un imperativo para cualquier empresa que quiera ser encontrada. Además, factores como la consolidación del uso de dispositivos móviles como ventanas para acceder a la red y los hábitos de las generaciones que se incorporan al mercado, refuerzan la necesidad de considerar la presencia en la red para cualquier empresa, incluidas las cooperativas. El presente trabajo analiza la presencia web de 3860 cooperativas de Catalunya a través la combinación de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. Los resultados apuntan que dos de cada tres cooperativas no disponen de una página web propia, siendo la falta de recursos, de formación y el poco soporte institucional las principales causas de estos datos. El presente trabajo pretende ser una herramienta para conocer el estado actual de las cooperativas en internet y una aproximación para enfocar las estrategias de futuro.
CULTURE BASED TOURISM STUDY IN NEW NORMAL ERA IN BADUNG DISTRICT
Authors: Belinda Fera
Published: July 2020

The tourism sector in Indonesia is rapidly declining due to the impact of the co-19 pandemic that occurred in various parts of the world, including in Indonesia. Entering a new era of normalcy, or a new normality of what is the condition of tourism in Indonesia, is it able to rise again and what is the strategy? Bali Province, can be said to be the epicenter of tourism in Indonesia. In this article discusses case studies in Badung Regency, related to culture-based tourism with qualitative research methods to analyze the data collected. The theory used is the theory of marketing communication, and also the theory of culture and local wisdom, for the results of the achievement are the level and interest of culture-based tourism in the new normal period, how health protocols are still applied to ensure the safety of visitors so they are not at risk of exposure to covid-19 but they can still communicate between one visitor with another visitor.
THE POLEMICS OF LANGUAGE IN ESIABA IROBI’S CEMETERY ROAD
Authors: Inegbe Stephen E. , Bassey Rebecca
Published: July 2020

In the culture of any group of people, language, as a potent means of communication, cannot be relegated to the background. Every good play reflects the people for whom it is written. Esiaba Irobi’s Cemetery Road is not an exception. This essay, therefore, considers the employment of language as one of the major tools of revolt in Esiaba Irobi’s Cemetery Road in the dramatist’s attempt to restructure and build a new egalitarian society. The essence of this study is to reveal how Esiaba Irobi, has been able to deploy language as a revolutionary weapon in his play, Cemetery Road. The study, thus, showcases the ideological concern of the playwright in the play. The play is ideological because it takes a radical position on the issue of change in certain aspects of the Nigerian society. This essay, therefore, seeks to unveil the different aspects of language used in Cemetery Road. An examination of the text reveals that the dramatist employs macabre language or language of violence, persuasive language, wit, mockery and sarcasm, proverbial language, imagery, language of abuse and insensitivity, and language of despair.
MEMORY, BIAFRA AND THE QUESTION OF NATIONHOOD IN BIYI BANDELE’S HALF OF A YELLOW SUN
Authors: Ademakinwa Adebisi , Smith Adeyemi Olusola
Published: July 2020

The essential place of film in engaging the idea of memory and collective memory is established by the fact of its historical origins and development over the centuries. This, in every sense is connected to the socio-cultural, political as well as economic and aesthetic evolution, influenced and controlled by the reality of the people’s experience. From classical to the contemporary times, film makers have drawn montage-like pictures of their world, in concrete terms as historical films for the world to see. However, through the approaches of Social Interaction and Trauma Theories, Image Analysis and Historical Contextualization, this paper interrogates Biyi Bandele’s Half of a Yellow Sun, an adaptation of Chimamanda Adichie’s novel of the same title and how it has been deployed as a tool for the construction of collective memory of the Biafra/ Nigerian civil war experience. Data were collated through library research and critical study of related films. The findings therefore, reveal that memory plays cogent roles in the process of reconstruction of history. The film therefore serves as a point of reference for Nigerians to have reminiscence over the negative effects of the war on the people. It is however clear that the agitation by some groups to call for the renegotiation of the country’s unity is meant for the purpose of self- interest rather than collective. The reconstruction of the memory of agony of the war in the film, if not properly managed could be burdensome to the country, and may degenerate into another internal crisis. Hence, there is the need for any aggrieved party to be cautious in their approaches towards the question of National unity and perceived marginalization.
External Fixation Diastasis Management of Kohler's Disease in a 14-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Karr Jeffrey C.
Published: July 2020

A case presentation of an adolescent with tarsal navicular avascular necrosis is presented. External fixation with tarsal navicular diastasis is a simple, straightforward management option to allow osseous regrowth and bone healing. In this case, the external fixator was well tolerated and the patient demonstrated a quick return to function without pain or discomfort. The external fixation technique with tarsal navicular diastasis is an uncommon but effective means of reversing the tarsal navicular avascular process and avoiding an open technique such as arthrodesis.
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath with Tarsal Bones and Intertarsal Joint Invasion: A Case Report
Authors: He Qi-Fang , Bian Zhen-Yu , Xiang Jing-Jing , Zhu Liu-Long
Published: July 2020

The giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) is a benign lesion most commonly attached to the tendons and bones of the fingers, hands, and wrists. The involvement of GCTTS to the foot is uncommon. The GCTTS invading tarsal bones and intertarsal joints is not described yet, and the appropriate diagnosis and treatment remain unclear. We report a case of GCTTS with the involvement of tarsal bones and intertarsal joint. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging were used to further diagnose and evaluate the quality and range of tumor. The patient was treated with surgical excision of the tumor without application of bone graft. After adequate clearance of the tumor, the patient returned to an asymptomatic walk in 3 months. No malfunction, fracture, or tumor recurrence was found in 2-years follow-up. This report includes clinical, radiologic, histologic diagnostic, and surgical challenges in an unexpected lesion and a review of the literature.
Drainage of inflammatory macromolecules from the brain to periphery targets the liver for macrophage infiltration
Authors: Yang Linlin , Jiménez Jessica A , Earley Alison M , Hamlin Victoria , Kwon Victoria , Dixon Cameron T , Shiau Celia E
Published: July 2020

Many brain pathologies are associated with liver damage, but a direct link has long remained elusive. Here, we establish a new paradigm for interrogating brain-periphery interactions by leveraging zebrafish for its unparalleled access to the intact whole animal for in vivo analysis in real time after triggering focal brain inflammation. Using traceable lipopolysaccharides (LPS), we reveal that drainage of these inflammatory macromolecules from the brain led to a strikingly robust peripheral infiltration of macrophages into the liver independent of Kupffer cells. We further demonstrate that this macrophage recruitment requires signaling from the cytokine IL-34 and Toll-like receptor adaptor MyD88, and occurs in coordination with neutrophils. These results highlight the possibility for circulation of brain-derived substances to serve as a rapid mode of communication from brain to the liver. Understanding how the brain engages the periphery at times of danger may offer new perspectives for detecting and treating brain pathologies.
Coinfección por SARS-CoV-2 y rinovirus-enterovirus en una paciente adulta joven críticamente enferma en Colombia
Authors: Orozco-Hernández Juan Pablo , Montoya-Martínez Juan José , Pacheco-Gallego Manuel Conrado , Céspedes-Roncancio Mauricio , Porras-Hurtado Gloria Liliana
Published: July 2020

La actual pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha ocasionado un enorme problema de salud pública mundial. Se reporta el caso de una paciente adulta joven con SARS-CoV-2 confirmado por laboratorio. Se describe la identificación del virus y el curso clínico, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la infección. La paciente tuvo un rápido deterioro clínico a partir de síntomas iniciales leves que progresaron a una neumonía multilobar que requirió su hospitalización en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.Se destaca la importancia de establecer un diagnóstico basado en la clínica y los antecedentes del paciente, y considerando los posibles síntomas gastrointestinales además de los respiratorios. Asimismo, debe indagarse sobre la presencia de factores de riesgo, en este caso, la obesidad. También se señalan las limitaciones en las pruebas diagnósticas y la posibilidad de infección concomitante con otros agentes patógenos respiratorios, así como los hallazgos en las imágenes diagnósticas, los exámenes de laboratorio y el tratamiento en el marco de la limitada información con que se cuenta actualmente.
Measurement properties of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Patello-Femoral questionnaire in Saudi Arabians
Authors: Ateef Mahamed
Published: July 2020

Background

No Arabic or its dialect questionnaire is available to evaluate the anterior knee pain in the Saudi Arabian religious population. This study aims to translate, adapt, and psychometrically validate the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-PF) Patellofemoral scale in the Arabic language in Saudi Arabic dialect.

Method

Translation has been done as per standard guidelines. The questionnaire was administered to 95 patients to determine the psychometric properties including on two different occasions, with a 48-hour gap in-between; to ensure that their answers were reliable; 84 patients (88.4% compliance rate) responded for test and retest reliability, ceiling-floor effects, validity and other psychometric criteria.

Results

Cronbach’s alpha (internal consistency) and test–retest reliability was good and excellent (∞ = 0.81; ICC > 0.95). None of the items showed >30% floor or ceiling effect and the minimal detectable change was within the acceptable range (<30%). The KOOS-PF subscale showed a moderate correlation (−0.568) with pain-visual analog scale for its construct validity.

Conclusion

The Arabic dialect of KOOS-PFis reliable and valid to be used to evaluate isolated knee pain of patellofemoral origin in Muslim patients in Saudi Arabia.
Heritability of the extra-pair mating behaviour of the pied flycatcher in Western Siberia
Authors: Grinkov Vladimir G. , Bauer Andreas , Sternberg Helmut , Wink Michael
Published: July 2020

Males and females take part in extra-pair copulations in most socially monogamous bird species. The mechanisms leading to the frequent occurrence of extra-pair offspring in socially monogamous couples are strongly debated and unresolved, and they are often difficult to distinguish from one another. Most hypotheses explaining the evolution of extra-pair reproduction suggest selective and adaptive scenarios for their origination and persistence. Is extra-pair paternity a heritable trait? We evaluated the heritability of extra-pair paternity in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nesting in Western Siberia. Estimated heritability was low: depending on the model used, the point estimate of the heritability (mode) varied from 0.005 to 0.11, and the bounds of the 95% confidence interval are [0–0.16] in the widest range. Thus, it seems that extra-pair mating behaviour in the pied flycatchers is a plastic phenotypic mating tactic with a small or no genetic component. Our data can help to understand the evolution of extra-pair mating behaviour in socially monogamous species.
Government Structure, Service System Design, and Equity in Access to Psychotherapy in Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada
Authors: Bartram Mary
Published: July 2020

This article reports the results from 22 interviews regarding the relationship among government structure, service system design, and equity in access to psychotherapy in Australia, the United Kingdom and Canada. Key themes focused on the strong relationship between government structure and at least one other factor in shaping psychotherapy reforms in each country, as well the persistence of inequities despite the introduction of universal reforms. These findings suggest that improving equity in access will require explicit focus regardless of government structure or service system design.
Identification of Maize Downy Mildew Pathogen in Lampung and the Effects of Varieties and Metalaxyl on Disease Incidence
Authors: Ginting Cipta , Prasetyo Joko , Dirmawati Suskandini Ratih , Ivayani . , Timotiwu Paul Benyamin , Maryono Tri , Widyastuti . , Chafisa Damar Indah Ryska , Asyifa Alim , Setyowati Erisa , Pasaribu Ambos Harry Zuisent
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Maize downy mildew (MDM) is considered as a major problem in all maize growing areas in Indonesia including the Province of Lampung.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were (i) to identify the species of Peronosclerospora causing maize downy mildew (MDM) in Lampung, (ii) to determine the influence of varieties on the intensity of downy mildew and (iii) to determine the efficacy of metalaxyl to control MDM on some maize varieties.

Methodology: To identify Peronosclerospora causing MDM, the pathogens were observed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Maize varieties response against pathogens and efficacy metalaxyl were studied in the field with the test plants exposed to plants showing MDM symptoms as the sources of inocula to mimic natural conditions.

Results: Peronosclerospora sorghi, P. maydis, and P. philippinensis were found to cause MDM in Lampung. On both varieties Pioneer 27 (P-27) and NK-22, AUDPC on F1 plants was greater than that on F2 plants. On P-27, the production of F2 was higher than that of F1 plants, but there was not significant difference in production between F1 and F2 of NK-22 variety. Seed treatment using metalaxyl was not effective to control downy mildew of maize.

Conclusion: Three species of Peronosclerospora were identified as disease-causing pathogen of MDM in Lampung, but these results were tentatively pending for further studies through molecular techniques. F1 plants were more susceptible than F2 plants to MDM in both P-27 and NK-22. Metalaxyl was not effective in controlling MDM.
Emergency Preparedness and Response in Tertiary and Private Hospitals in Yenagoa Metropolis
Authors: Amaitari Ogoinja , Bernard Babatunde Bolaji , Omosivie Maduka , Ezeokoro Chikere
Published: July 2020

Many Hospitals around the world are functioning at full capacity and ill prepared to cope with sudden influx of large number of patients during emergencies. This study was carried out to assess the emergency preparedness and response in tertiary and private hospitals in Yenagoa Metropolis. It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey that used questionnaire and checklist, key informant interviews and walk through survey to collect data from 400 staff at the selected tertiary and private hospitals. The results showed that the respondents have good knowledge of emergency preparedness with 300(80%) out of 400 participants with good knowledge and only 100(20%) showing poor knowledge but the status of emergency preparedness and response was poor with Federal Medical Centre Yenagoa with 36(80%) of the items assessed lacking. Niger Delta University teaching Hospital scored 16(36%) while 29(64) not available from the assessment. Private facility 1 had a 6(13%) positive response out of the 45 list items with 39(86%) not in place while the second Private Hospital had a total positive score of 4(10%) with 41(90%) of the components of emergency preparedness lacking. Based on the outcome of the survey, the following recommendations were made: for the hospital management of both the tertiary and private hospitals to constitute an all-inclusive emergency management committee that will develop an emergency preparedness plan in the hospitals; Emergency preparedness and response training of hospital staff to further build their capacity to respond to emergencies or disasters when the need arises; Installation of proper triage unit in the emergency department for decontamination and to sort patients in case of highly infectious disease outbreak or chemical exposure; Collaboration with the State Ministry of Health to have memoranda of understanding with other hospitals to enhance patient transfer in case of disaster events.
Conservation of a Rare Medicinal Plant: A Case Study of Griffonia simplicifolia (Vahl ex DC) Baill
Authors: Balogun Musibau Muyiwa , Jimoh Muhali Olaide , Ogundipe Oluwatoyin Temitayo
Published: July 2020

This study aimed at carrying out the vegetative propagation of Griffonia simplicifolia. This was achieved by growing nodal and stem cuttings of G. simplicifolia using two types of soils under varying environmental conditions including open area and humidity propagator. This revealed that terminal nodal stem cuttings showed the best growth forms in terms of shoot development as well as root development when subjected to open area and topsoil. However, when subjected to the humid propagator and river sand, the distal stem cuttings gave the best growth forms thereby promoting shoot and root development. Hence, it is concluded that the terminal nodes are the best parts to be used for the propagation of G. simplicifolia and the best growth medium is river sand. Furthermore, this research demonstrates that G. simplicifolia can be reproduced through macro propagation using stem cuttings and it can be seen as a basis for conservation and other breeding research on G. simplicifolia.
Prevalence and Determinants of Depression among Caregivers of Children with Heart Diseases in Nigeria
Authors: Chikezie Eze U. , Duru Chika O. , Okpokowuruk Frances S.
Published: July 2020

Context: Caregivers of children with heart diseases are faced with the long term care of these children and may suffer psychological illnesses as a result.

Aims: To determine the prevalence and determinants of depression among caregivers of children with heart diseases attending two Out-patient clinics in South-South Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study involving the use of the revised Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD-R) questionnaire. Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS 22.0.

Results: Ages of the participants ranged from 24 to 59 years with a mean age of 37.49 years (SD 6.973) and majority were female (79.9%). The overall mean CESD-R score was 8.61 (SD 16.18), ranging from 0 to 60. There was a significant difference in the CESD-R scores between male and female participants (t=2.362, p=0.02) with females scoring higher than males (10.24± 17.69  and 2.15± 3.13) respectively. Overall, depression was found among 23(17.1%) participants. Depression was significantly associated with the female sex (x2=7.006, p=0.009), a history of a mental health illness in the past (x2=66.496, p=0.029) and the marital status of the participants (x2=19.776, p=0.05). No significant relationship was found between depression and age, religion, tribe and educational status (p>0.05), history of medical illnesses (x2=53.006, p=0.538) or type of heart disease the children/wards of the participants were being managed for (x2=8.274, p=0.902).

Conclusion: The rate of depression among caregivers of children being managed for congenital and acquired heart diseases in this study is significant. It is recommended that caregivers of children with congenital and acquired heart diseases are routinely given relevant psychosocial support to prevent the development of depression. Routine screening for depression and appropriate intervention for those who meet the criteria is also recommended.
Combined PCA-Daugman Method : An Effcient Technique for Face and Iris Recognition
Authors: Alam Md. Mahbubul , Khan Md. Ashikur Rahman , Salehin Zayed Us , Uddin Main , Soheli Sultana Jahan , Khan Tanvir Zaman
Published: July 2020

Face and iris are very common individual bio-metric features for person identification. Face recognition is the method of identification a person uniquely using face. Principal component analysis is one of the algorithms for face recognition. Iris recognition in another method of person identification using iris. Very popular iris recognition method is Daugman algorithm. Unimodal biometric system has various difficulties to detect a person like noisy and unusual data. Multimodal biometric system combined more than one individual modalities like face and iris to increase the efficiency. In this work, we combined principal component analysis and Daugman algorithm with ORL, YALE, CASIA and Real face dataset to combine face and iris recognition to improve the recognition efficiency.
Increased Crop Yield Affected the Improved Cropping System in Agriculture Dry Land
Authors: Rohit . , Singh Jitendra
Published: July 2020

The present study evaluate and disseminate the improved rainfed cropping systems, on farm trials and demonstration was conducted at National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) village Nagla Dulhe Khan. Yield of dry land crops is very low due to various reasons. Farm trials were conducted to evaluate different cropping system practices at village Nagla Dulhe Khan. Trials and demonstrations were carried out at farmer’s field to show the worth of improved cropping system practices for horizontal spread of improved agro-technologies. 54.5 percent increased in the yield was found by adopting intercropping of chick pea and mustard (5:1). Improved cropping system practiced resulted in higher yield, higher net returns and higher B: C ratio over farmers practice.
Autoethnography in
TESOL
Authors: Sardabi Narges , Mansouri Behzad , Behzadpoor Foad
Published: July 2020

As research in education is transitioning toward being more interdisciplinary both in theoretical orientations and methodological approaches, second or foreign language (L2) education adapts more to the new theoretical and methodological advancements emerging in the broader field of education. As part of this adaptation process, new areas of research have emerged with a focus on language teachers and learners studying their own lived experiences in the process of using L2 for various purposes they have envisioned for themselves. Autoethnography, as a recently emerging method of inquiry in TESOL, is one of the areas which have been left less explored, researched, and practiced. This entry overviews autoethnography as a research approach and learning tool. It also delineates how autoethnography can be applied to the field of TESOL and how it can contribute to expanding researchers and practitioners' perspectives toward various aspects of learning and teaching L2.
Engineering Multi‐Cellular Spheroids for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Kim Se‐jeong , Kim Eun Mi , Yamamoto Masaya , Park Hansoo , Shin Heungsoo
Published: July 2020

Multi‐cellular spheroids are formed as a 3D structure with dense cell–cell/cell–extracellular matrix interactions, and thus, have been widely utilized as implantable therapeutics and various ex vivo tissue models in tissue engineering. In principle, spheroid culture methods maximize cell–cell cohesion and induce spontaneous cellular assembly while minimizing cellular interactions with substrates by using physical forces such as gravitational or centrifugal forces, protein‐repellant biomaterials, and micro‐structured surfaces. In addition, biofunctional materials including magnetic nanoparticles, polymer microspheres, and nanofiber particles are combined with cells to harvest composite spheroids, to accelerate spheroid formation, to increase the mechanical properties and viability of spheroids, and to direct differentiation of stem cells into desirable cell types. Biocompatible hydrogels are developed to produce microgels for the fabrication of size‐controlled spheroids with high efficiency. Recently, spheroids have been further engineered to fabricate structurally and functionally reliable in vitro artificial 3D tissues of the desired shape with enhanced specific biological functions. This paper reviews the overall characteristics of spheroids and general/advanced spheroid culture techniques. Significant roles of functional biomaterials in advanced spheroid engineering with emphasis on the use of spheroids in the reconstruction of artificial 3D tissue for tissue engineering are also thoroughly discussed.
A Carbon Flower Based Flexible Pressure Sensor Made from Large‐Area Coating
Authors: JK O'Neill Stephen , Gong Huaxin , Matsuhisa Naoji , Chen Shucheng , Moon Hanul , Wu Hung‐Chin , Chen Xianfeng , Chen Xiaodong , Bao Zhenan
Published: July 2020

Flexible pressure sensors are an essential part of robotic skin for human–machine interfaces, wearables, and implantable biomedical devices. However, the desirable characteristics of high sensitivity, conformability, and good scalability are often mutually exclusive. Here, a highly sensitive and flexible pressure sensor that can be easily fabricated by coating a carbon flower and elastomer composite is presented. The composite made from uniform‐sized carbon flower particles exhibits a contact‐based mechanism for pressure sensing, as opposed to typical carbon black pressure sensitive composites which utilize percolation as the sensing mechanism. The contact mechanism allows for an active layer down to 13 µm, and a bending insensitivity down to a 5.5 mm bending radius, while maintaining a high sensitivity. Furthermore, the composite is printed over a large 1 m × 2 cm pressure sensing area, showing the preparation of this sensor can be scaled to large area.
Predictors of interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist in infant saliva
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

This study assesses the feasibility of measuring interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) in infant salivary samples as representative of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory processes, and explores predictors of these biomarkers in a US population.

Methods

Data were collected from 73 US mother‐infant pairs. Salivary samples were collected with an infant swab and analyzed for IL‐1β, IL‐1ra, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) using ELISA. Household, maternal, infant, and anthropometric predictors were selected using stepwise regression to build final multivariate models.

Results

Both IL‐1β and IL‐1ra can be feasibly measured in infant saliva. The predictors in the final IL‐1β model were IL‐1ra and reported infant illness. IL‐1β, IgA, infant age, household income, maternal BMI, and infant weight‐for‐age z‐score were significant in the final model for IL‐1ra.

Conclusions

IL‐1β and IL‐ra are useful biomarkers of immune function for infants. In particular, IL‐1ra has the potential to address the relationship between immune function and body composition in the mother‐infant dyad.
Health‐care use and cost for multimorbid persons with dementia in the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: MacNeil‐Vroomen Janet L. , Thompson Mary , Leo‐Summers Linda , Marottoli Richard A. , Tai‐Seale Ming , Allore Heather G.
Published: July 2020

Background

Most persons with dementia have multiple chronic conditions; however, it is unclear whether co‐existing chronic conditions contribute to health‐care use and cost.

Methods

Persons with dementia and ≥2 chronic conditions using the National Health and Aging Trends Study and Medicare claims data, 2011 to 2014.

Results

Chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart disease were significantly associated with increased adjusted risk ratios of annual hospitalizations, hospitalization costs, and direct medical costs. Depression, hypertension, and stroke or transient ischemic attack were associated with direct medical and societal costs, while atrial fibrillation was associated with increased hospital and direct medical costs. No chronic condition was associated with informal care costs.

Conclusions

Among older adults with dementia, proactive and ambulatory care that includes informal caregivers along with primary and specialty providers, may offer promise to decrease use and costs for chronic kidney disease, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, depression, and hypertension.
Terpinen‐4‐ol liposomes‐incorporated chitosan/polyethylene oxide electrospun nanofibrous film ameliorates the external microenvironment of healing cutaneous wounds
Authors: Ge Yan , Tang Jiapeng , Fu Haihong , Fu Yijun
Published: July 2020

Chronic wounds are susceptible to infection and difficult to heal due to the complex healing process and terrible microenvironment. In order to overcome this problem, TOLs‐CS/PEO nanofibrous film was successfully electrospun. The 6%(v/v) TOLs incorporation into CS/PEO nanofibrous film could improve the morphology and structure of nanofibers, weaken the interactions among macromolecules and rebalance the relationship between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of pore surface. Water vapor transmission rate and simulated tissue fluid absorption of films were optimized to reach 2193 g m−2 d−1 and 1676% so that to obtain the excellent moisture retention. The Young's modulus and elongation at break of films in wet state were 114.69 kPa and 72.04%, respectively, causing the mechanical characteristics similar to human skin. The film could effectively block more than 98% of bacteria and inhibit bacteria growth besides possessing procoagulant property and suitable biodegradability. These findings demonstrate that TOLs‐CS/PEO nanofibrous film can construct a microenvironment suitable for wound healing.
American College of Rheumatology Guidance for the Management of Rheumatic Disease in Adult Patients During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Version 2
Authors: Mikuls Ted R. , Johnson Sindhu R. , Fraenkel Liana , Arasaratnam Reuben J. , Baden Lindsey R. , Bermas Bonnie L. , Chatham Winn , Cohen Stanley , Costenbader Karen , Gravallese Ellen M. , Kalil Andre C. , Weinblatt Michael E. , Winthrop Kevin , Mudano Amy S. , Turner Amy , Saag Kenneth G.
Published: July 2020

Objective

To provide guidance to rheumatology providers on the management of adult rheumatic disease in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.

Methods

A task force, including 10 rheumatologists and 4 infectious disease specialists from North America, was convened. Clinical questions were collated, and an evidence report was rapidly generated and disseminated. Questions and drafted statements were reviewed and assessed using a modified Delphi process. This included asynchronous anonymous voting by e‐mail and webinars with the entire panel. Task force members voted on agreement with draft statements using a 1–9‐point numerical scoring system, and consensus was determined to be low, moderate, or high based on the dispersion of votes. For approval, median votes were required to meet predefined levels of agreement (median values of 7–9, 4–6, and 1–3 defined as agreement, uncertainty, or disagreement, respectively) with either moderate or high levels of consensus.

Results

To date, the task force has approved 80 guidance statements: 36 with moderate and 44 with high consensus. These were combined, resulting in 27 final guidance statements.

Conclusion

These guidance statements are provided to promote optimal care during the current pandemic. However, given the low level of available evidence and the rapidly evolving literature, this guidance is presented as a “living document,” and future updates are anticipated.
Bericht des Arbeitskreises Baugruben: Hinweise zur 6. Auflage der EAB
Authors: Hettler Achim , Becker Patrick , Borchert Kurt‐Michael , Kempfert Hans‐Georg , Kinzler Steffen
Published: July 2020

Mit der 151. Sitzung am 30. Januar 2020 in Köln konnte der Arbeitskreis „Baugruben“ die Überprüfung und Anpassung aller Kapitel im Rahmen der geplanten 6. Auflage abschließen. Es wurde ein kleines Redaktionsteam gebildet, das nach sieben Webkonferenzen die finalen Versionen der einzelnen Kapitel fertiggestellt und an den Verlag weitergeleitet hat. Im Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Änderungen seit dem Jahresbericht 2019 vorgestellt.
An Engineered Escherichia coli Strain with Synthetic Metabolism for in‐Cell Production of Translationally Active Methionine Derivatives
Authors: Schipp Christian Johannes , Ma Ying , Al‐Shameri Ammar , D'Alessio Federico , Neubauer Peter , Contestabile Roberto , Budisa Nediljko , di Salvo Martino Luigi
Published: July 2020

In the last decades, it has become clear that the canonical amino acid repertoire codified by the universal genetic code is not up to the needs of emerging biotechnologies. For this reason, extensive genetic code re‐engineering is essential to expand the scope of ribosomal protein translation, leading to reprogrammed microbial cells equipped with an alternative biochemical alphabet to be exploited as potential factories for biotechnological purposes. The prerequisite for this to happen is a continuous intracellular supply of noncanonical amino acids through synthetic metabolism from simple and cheap precursors. We have engineered an Escherichia coli bacterial system that fulfills these requirements through reconfiguration of the methionine biosynthetic pathway and the introduction of an exogenous direct trans‐sulfuration pathway. Our metabolic scheme operates in vivo, rescuing intermediates from core cell metabolism and combining them with small bio‐orthogonal compounds. Our reprogrammed E. coli strain is capable of the in‐cell production of l‐azidohomoalanine, which is directly incorporated into proteins in response to methionine codons. We thereby constructed a prototype suitable for economic, versatile, green sustainable chemistry, pushing towards enzyme chemistry and biotechnology‐based production.
A case of oral cancer with delayed occipital lymph node metastasis: Case report
Authors: Ono Kisho , Yoshioka Norie , Masui Masanori , Obata Kyoichi , Kunisada Yuki , Okui Tatsuo , Ibaragi Soichiro , Kawai Hotaka , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Sasaki Akira
Published: July 2020

Consideration of unexpected metastasis in patients who have undergone neck dissection with advanced tumors must be anticipated with careful follow‐up.
Challenges in the management of acute intermittent porphyria with recurrent attacks during pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Vassiliou Daphne , Lempessi Chariklia , Harper Pauline , Sardh Eliane
Published: July 2020

In cases of recurrent attacks of acute porphyria during pregnancy, prophylactic administration of heme arginate should be considered. Clinical and biochemical monitoring of the disease and a close collaboration with a porphyria center are crucial.
Synthesis of dibenzo[a,j]phenazine compounds using hemicucurbit[6]uril‐catalyzed oxidative dimerization of 2‐arylamines
Authors: Li Heng , Yu Juan , Ge Qingmei , Liu Mao , Tao Zhu , Cong Hang
Published: July 2020

A supramolecular catalytic strategy for the synthesis of dibenzo[a,j]phenazine compounds from 2‐arylamines is demonstrated. The dimerization is achieved through the catalytic action of HemiQ[6] in an acidic environment. Kinetic constants and activation energies have been calculated through UV/Vis spectrophotometric investigations using different amounts of HemiQ[6], whereby the reactivity was found to be related to the electron densities of the substrates. A possible mechanism involving host‐guest interaction between a 2‐arylaminium salt and HemiQ[6] through hydrogen‐bonding is proposed. The transformation of 2‐arylamines to dibenzo[a,j]phenazines in the presence of HemiQ[6] suggests that such supramolecular catalysis is effective for such constructions.
Long‐term predictive value of stroke volume index obtained from right heart catheterization: Insights from the veterans affairs clinical assessment, reporting, and tracking program
Authors: Bavry Anthony A. , Hess Edward , W Waldo Stephen , Barón Anna E. , Kumbhani Dharam J. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Pandey Ambarish
Published: July 2020

Background

Right heart catheterization‐derived hemodynamic parameters have been associated with short‐term prognosis.

Hypothesis

Hemodynamic parameters will be associated with long‐term prognosis.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study from the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking Program included patients who underwent an index right heart catheterization between 2008 and 2016. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between stroke volume index and all‐cause mortality.

Results

For the final cohort of 37 209 patients, mean follow‐up was 3.7 ± 2.5 years. All‐cause mortality was 42.0% in the low (<35 cc/beat/m2) compared with 33.2% in the normal stroke volume index group (≥35 cc/beat/m2). In adjusted analysis, low stroke volume was significantly associated with higher mortality risk (HR (95% CI) 1.14 (1.10‐1.18); P < .001) independent of clinical parameters. The area under the curve (AUC) for continuous measures of stroke volume index at predicting mortality in a Cox proportional hazard model was 0.56 at 3 years. When stroke volume index was combined with 14 clinical covariates, the AUC was 0.70 at 3 years. The addition of stroke volume index to these clinical covariates did not increase the discriminatory ability of the model at 1 year in a clinically meaningful way (integrated discrimination improvement index = 0.0021, 95% CI: 0.0010‐0.0034).

Conclusions

The long‐term prognostic value of right heart catheterization‐derived stroke volume index appears to be marginal. While there was a weak association of low stroke volume index and excess mortality, inclusion of this parameter to a set of clinical covariates did not improve prognostic discrimination.
Activity‐Directed Synthesis: A Flexible Approach for Lead Generation
Authors: Karageorgis George , Liver Samuel , Nelson Adam
Published: July 2020

Activity‐directed synthesis (ADS) is a structure‐blind, functional‐driven molecular discovery approach. In this Concept, four case studies highlight the general applicability of ADS and showcase its flexibility to support different medicinal chemistry strategies. ADS deliberately harnesses reactions with multiple possible outcomes, and allows many chemotypes to be evaluated in parallel. Resources are focused on bioactive molecules, which emerge in tandem with associated synthetic routes. Some of the future challenges for ADS are highlighted, including the realisation of an autonomous molecular discovery platform. The prospects for ADS to become a mainstream lead generation approach are discussed.