bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Easy-to-Use Arrayed Brain–Heart Chip
Authors: Peng Xiyao , Wu Lei , Li Qiushi , Ge Yuqing , Xu Tiegang , Zhao Jianlong
Published: October 2024

Multi-organ chips are effective at emulating human tissue and organ functions and at replicating the interactions among tissues and organs. An arrayed brain–heart chip was introduced whose configuration comprises open culture chambers and closed biomimetic vascular channels distributed in a horizontal pattern, separated from each other by an endothelial barrier based on fibrin matrix. A 300 μm-high and 13.2 mm-long endothelial barrier surrounded each organoid culture chamber, thereby satisfying the material transport requirements. Numerical simulations were used to analyze the construction process of fibrin barriers in order to optimize the structural design and experimental manipulation, which exhibited a high degree of correlation with experiment results. In each interconnective unit, a cerebral organoid, a cardiac organoid, and endothelial cells were co-cultured stably for a minimum of one week. The permeability of the endothelial barrier and recirculating perfusion enabled cross talk between cerebral organoids and cardiac organoids, as well as between organoids and endothelial cells. This was corroborated by the presence of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the cerebral organoid culture chamber and the observation of cerebral organoid and endothelial cells invading the fibrin matrix after one week of co-culture. The arrayed chip was simple to manipulate, clearly visible under a microscope, and compatible with automated pipetting devices, and therefore had significant potential for application.
AST-120 Protects Cognitive and Emotional Impairment in Chronic Kidney Disease Induced by 5/6 Nephrectomy
Authors: Yu Yeon Hee , Im Hyuna , Park Samel , Song Beomjong , Park Dae-Kyoon , Kim Duk-Soo , Gil Hyo-Wook
Published: October 2024

Background: Uremic toxins resulting from chronic kidney disease (CKD) can cause cognitive and emotional disorders, as well as cardiovascular diseases. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresol are notable uremic toxins found in patients with CKD. However, few studies have investigated whether reducing uremic toxins can alleviate cognitive and emotional disorders associated with CKD. Methods: We studied the effects of AST-120, which lowers IS levels, through behavioral tests, local field potentials, field excitatory postsynaptic potentials, and histological experiments in a 5/6 nephrectomy CKD model. Results: We confirmed AST-120’s effectiveness in CKD by measuring serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and IS levels and performing renal tissue staining. Behavioral phenotypes indicated an alleviation of cognitive and anxiety disorders following AST-120 treatment in CKD-induced rats, which was further validated through local field potentials and field excitatory postsynaptic potential recordings. Double immunofluorescence staining for aquaporin-4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus of CKD rats treated with AST-120 showed reduced coexpression. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic effects of AST-120 in lowering IS levels and improving cognitive and emotional impairments associated with CKD.
Voluntary Participation Mediates the Relationship Between Multi-Membership in Online Communities and Life Satisfaction Among Chinese Populations: A Gendered Perspective
Authors: Huang Xiaorui , Fu Mingqi
Published: October 2024

Whether and how multi-membership in online communities might relate to life satisfaction within the Chinese population remain unclear. This study adopts a gendered perspective to explore the mediating role of voluntary participation in the relationship mentioned above based on a cross-sectional analysis of 2558 respondents from the 2019 Chinese Social Survey (CSS). Multivariable regressions and a mediation analysis were adopted for analyses. The findings reveal that a higher level of multi-membership in online communities is associated with greater life satisfaction for both males (B = 0.31, SE = 0.11) and females (B = 0.10, SE = 0.02). Specifically, the positive relationship is partially mediated (6.6%) by increased voluntary participation among females, where involvement in multiple types of online communities correlates with a heightened likelihood of engaging in voluntary activities (B = 0.006, Z = 3.910), which in turn contributes to higher levels of life satisfaction (B = 0.114, Z = 2.760). However, voluntary participation does not exhibit a significant mediating role in the relationship between multi-membership and life satisfaction among males. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate ways in which online interactions can affect voluntary participation and life satisfaction, underscoring the importance of considering gender differences in these dynamics.
Dynamic Incentive Mechanism of Collaboration in Prefabricated Building Supply Chain Based on Differential Game
Authors: Wang Junwu , Liu Denghui , Qiao Shi
Published: October 2024

Supply chain collaboration is an important guarantee for improving the performance of prefabricated construction projects and exerting its advantages. The aim of this study was to explore the level and effect of supply chain collaboration under a no-cost-sharing contract, a cost-sharing contract, and a centralized decision-making contract. A dynamic incentive model of prefabricated building supply chain collaboration based on the differential game model was proposed. Considering the impact of BIM on collaboration, the BIM application level was also introduced into the incentive model. Through the comparative analysis of model solution results and numerical simulation, it was found that, in the centralized decision-making contract, the optimal collaborative effort and the optimal total revenue of enterprises in the prefabricated building supply chain were the largest; the optimal collaborative effort of enterprise in the prefabricated building supply chain reduced first and then tended to be stable; and the improvement of the BIM application level could promote collaboration in the prefabricated building supply chain. The results of this study are helpful for managers to select and formulate a reasonable collaboration incentive contract in the prefabricated building supply chain.
Management of Ureteral Stricture Disease After Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Malignancies: A Retrospective, Multi-Institutional Analysis
Authors: Carilli Marco , Iacovelli Valerio , Signoretti Marta , Pastore Antonio Luigi , Gaboardi Franco , Pini Giovannalberto , Falsaperla Mario , Falabella Roberto , Bove Pierluigi
Published: October 2024

Objectives. A radiation-induced ureteral stricture (RIUS) is a challenging condition in urologic surgery, and the optimal surgical strategy is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to report post-operative outcomes of minimally invasive management of this condition from a multi-institutional cohort. Methods. Data of patients with diagnoses of RIUS at five referral robotic centers between January 2017 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-, intra- and post-operative variables were collected. Recurrence was defined as the presence of flank pain combined with imaging findings for obstruction, and requiring further management. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were built to identify predictors of ureteral stricture recurrence. Results. Fifty-three patients with a diagnosis of an RIUS were included. Primary pelvic malignancy was mostly cervical (42%). In 72% of cases (mostly mid-proximal and short strictures) endourological management was attempted, which was deemed successful in 74% of patients at stent removal. The endourology success rate at a median follow-up of 12 months was 59%. Twenty-five patients (47%) were scheduled for robotic surgery. The reconstructive techniques most often performed were end-to-end anastomosis (44%) and ureteral reimplantation (52%). Three low-grade Clavien-Dindo post-operative complications (12%) occurred. Robotic surgery was successful in all cases except one. Considering the entire cohort, eight patients (15%) developed recurrence at a median follow-up of 5 months. All patients with recurrence were managed by permanent drainage. A statistically significant improvement in eGFR with respect to baseline was found at a median follow-up of 12 months (p = 0.007). The univariate logistic regression model identified ureteral stricture length >2 cm (OR 6.4, 95% C.I. 1.1–36.9, p = 0.04) and concomitant chemotherapy (OR 8.9, 95% C.I. 1.6–49.9, p = 0.01) as predictors of recurrence. At multivariate analysis concomitant chemotherapy was confirmed as an independent predictor of recurrence (OR 7.8, 95% C.I. 1.3–49.0, p = 0.03). Conclusions. Endourological management of an RIUS is reasonable for short and mid-proximal ureteral strictures, while robotics is required in almost all the remaining cases. Up to 15% of recurrence develops within 6 months. Re-do reconstructive surgery is rarely performed, even in referral centers.
Designing Catalytic Desulfurization Processes to Prepare Clean Fuels
Authors: Mirante Fátima , Balula Salete S.
Published: October 2024

Sulfur compounds in fuels are the primary causes of acid rain and environmental pollution [...]
Generation and Characterization of Three Novel Mouse Mutant Strains Susceptible to Audiogenic Seizures
Authors: Varlamova Elena G. , Kuldaeva Vera P. , Mitina Natalia N. , Gavrish Maria S. , Kondakova Elena V. , Tarabykin Victor S. , Babaev Alexei A. , Turovsky Egor A.
Published: October 2024

The mechanisms of epileptogenesis after brain injury, ischemic stroke, or brain tumors have been extensively studied. As a result, many effective antiseizure drugs have been developed. However, there are still many patients who are resistant to therapy. The molecular and genetic bases regarding such drug-resistant seizures have been poorly elucidated. In many cases, heavy seizures are instigated by brain development malformations and often caused by gene mutations. Such malformations can be demonstrated in mouse models by generating mutant strains. One of the most potent mutagens is ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea). In the present study, we describe three novel mutant strains generated by ENU-directed mutagenesis. Two of these strains present a very strong epileptic phenotype triggered by audiogenic stimuli (G9-1 and S5-1 strains). The third mouse strain is characterized by behavioral disorders and hyperexcitation of neuronal networks. We identified changes in the expression of those genes encoding neurotransmission proteins in the cerebral cortexes of these mice. It turned out that the G9-1 strain demonstrated the strongest disruptions in the expression of those genes encoding plasma membrane channels, excitatory glutamate receptors, and protein kinases. On the other hand, the number of GABAergic neurons was also affected by the mutation. All three lines are characterized by increased anxiety, excitability, and suppressed motor and orientational–exploratory activities. On the other hand, the strains with an epileptic phenotype—G9-1 and S5-1ave reduced learning ability, and the A9-2 mice line retains high learning ability.
Impact of Hyponatremia and ADH Secretion in MIS-C and COVID-19: An Integrative Approach of Prognostic and Diagnostic Markers
Authors: Ciortea Diana-Andreea , Petrea (Cliveți) Carmen Loredana , Berbece Sorin Ion , Fotea Silvia , Vivisenco Iolanda Cristina , Gurău Gabriela , Matei Mădălina Nicoleta , Nechita Aurel
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced challenges in pediatric care, especially due to the emergence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), a severe condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study investigated the impact of hyponatremia and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion corelated to clinical outcomes in these patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, including 118 pediatric patients, with a detailed sub-cohort analysis of 53 patients for ADH secretion markers. Hyponatremia, defined by age-specific sodium thresholds, was present in 47.22% of MIS-C cases and 28.04% of COVID-19 cases. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that severe hyponatremia significantly increased the likelihood of more severe clinical outcomes (β = 3.514, p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between hyponatremia and prolonged hospitalization. For ADH secretion, a predictive model using ridge regression was analysed, which demonstrated that serum sodium level, U/P ratio, and hospitalization duration are key predictors of SIADH. This model fit was assessed using the ROC curve with an AUC of 0.96, indicating reliable model performance. Our findings underscore the significant role of hyponatremia on the clinical severity and hospitalization outcome of COVID-19 and MIS-C in pediatric patients.
Three-Leaf-Clover Thyroid and Minimally Invasive Trans-Cervical Synchronous Thyroidectomy and Ectopic Mediastinal Thyroid Tissue Removal: Does the Age of the Patient Count amid a Multifaceted Strategy?
Authors: Nistor Claudiu , Ciobica Mihai-Lucian , Sima Oana-Claudia , Cucu Anca-Pati , Costachescu Mihai , Ciuche Adrian , Eftimie Lucian-George , Terzea Dana , Carsote Mara
Published: October 2024

Background: Ectopic organ-associated conditions belong to the larger panel of developmental ailments, and among this challenging medical and surgical chapter, ectopic endocrine glands-related picture is mostly focused on the presence of the ectopic parathyroid and thyroid. Ectopic thyroid tissue within mediastinum (ETTM) stands for a less common ETT site; while, globally, less than 1% of the mediastinum masses are ETTM. Objective: We aim to introduce a rare case of ETTM in a senior lady to whom one-time synchronous thyroidectomy with ETT removal was successfully performed via a minimally invasive modern procedure upon cervicotomy and intra-operatory use of the Cooper thymectomy retractor. Results: The panel of pros and cons with respect to providing endocrine thoracic surgery for ETTM resection in a 73-year-old subject is discussed amid a PubMed search of original English-language original reports from January 2000 until 15 August 2024 in order to identify similar distinct cases (individuals of 70 years or older who underwent surgery for ETTM). Conclusions: 1. We propose the term “three-leaf-clover thyroid” to capture the imaging essence of having an enlargement of both (eutopic) thyroid lobes and ETTM. 2. The modern surgical approach under these circumstances provided a rapid patient recovery with a low rate of complications and a minimum hospital stay. Hence, the procedure may be expanded to older patients after a careful consideration of their co-morbidities and of the need to releasing connected complaints (e.g., a 7-month history of intermittent dyspneea was found in this case with post-operatory remission). 3. The management remains a matter of individualised decision, and age may not be a limiting factor. 4. At the present time, this case adds to the very limited number of similar published cases in the mentioned age group that we could identify (seven patients, aged between 72 and 84; male-to-female ratio of 5 to 2; the rate of malignant ETTM was 3/7); of these cases, not all were reported to have a trans-cervical approach, and none reported the use of the Cooper thymectomy retractor to help the overall surgical procedure. This innovative surgical procedure offers the advantage of avoiding a sternotomy incision which has clear functional and aesthetic implications, while the video-assisted approach allows optimal visualization of the mediastinal anatomy and safe vascular sealing under visual control, without the risk of a major hemorrhage.
First-Principles Calculations on Relative Energetic Stability, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of B2-AlRE (RE = Sc, Y, La-Lu) Phases
Authors: Xiao Faxin , Ruan Zixiong , Chen Rui , Yin Wei , Fan Touwen
Published: October 2024

The relative energetic stability, mechanical properties, and thermodynamic behavior of B2-AlRE (RE = Sc, Y, La-Lu) second phases in Al alloys have been investigated through the integration of first-principles calculations with the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) model. The results demonstrate a linear increase in the calculated equilibrium lattice constant a0 with the ascending atomic number of RE, while the enthalpy of formation ΔHf exhibits more fluctuating variations. The lattice mismatch δ between B2-AlRE and Al matrix is closely correlated with the transferred electron et occurring between Al and RE atoms. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the B2-AlRE phases are determined. It is observed that the calculated elastic constants Cij, bulk modulus BH, shear modulus GH, and Young’s modulus EH initially decrease with increasing atomic number from Sc to Ce and then increase up to Lu. The calculated Cauchy pressure C12-C44, Pugh’s ratio B/G, and Poisson’s ratio ν for all AlRE particles exhibit a pronounced directional covalent characteristic as well as uniform deformation and ductility. With the rise in temperature, the calculated vibrational entropy (Svib) and heat capacity (CV) of AlRE compounds exhibit a consistent increasing trend, while the Gibbs free energy (F) shows a linear decrease across all temperature ranges. The expansion coefficient (αT) sharply increases within the temperature range of 0~300 K, followed by a slight change, except for Al, AlHo, AlCe, and AlLu, which show a linear increase after 300 K. As the atomic number increases, both Svib and CV increase from Sc to La before stabilizing; however, F initially decreases from Sc to Y before increasing up to La with subsequent stability. All thermodynamic parameters demonstrate similar trends at lower and higher temperatures. This study provides valuable insights for evaluating high-performance aluminum alloys.
Design and Analysis of a Thermal Flowmeter for Microfluidic Applications: A Study on Sensitivity at Low Flow Rates
Authors: Raveesh Aditya Hadalahally , Vemulapalli Sravani , Gupta Alankrit , Venkata Santhosh Krishnan , Navada Bhagya Rajesh
Published: October 2024

To address the challenge of precise flow rate measurement in microchannels, this research details the conceptualization and comprehensive evaluation of a thermal flowmeter which works on the principle of calorimetry for measuring small flow rates between 0.1 and 180 mL/h. The thermal flowmeter is composed of a silicone pipe, a heater, three platinum thermal sensors (T1, T2, T3), and water as the working fluid. The flowmeter is strategically placed to monitor the complex thermodynamics between upstream and downstream flows. The analysis revealed a notable decay in the slope of the temperature differences beyond a flow rate of 40 mL/h, indicating the exceptional sensitivity of the device at lower flow rates and making it an ideal choice for medical applications. Parametric analysis was also carried out to place the sensors at optimized locations for better sensitivity.
Solution of the Vector Three-Dimensional Inverse Problem on an Inhomogeneous Dielectric Hemisphere Using a Two-Step Method
Authors: Smolkin Eugen , Smirnov Yury , Snegur Maxim
Published: October 2024

This work is devoted to the development and implementation of a two-step method for solving the vector three-dimensional inverse diffraction problem on an inhomogeneous dielectric scatterer having the form of a hemisphere characterized by piecewise constant permittivity. The original boundary value problem for Maxwell’s equations is reduced to a system of integro-differential equations. An integral formulation of the vector inverse diffraction problem is proposed and the uniqueness of the solution of the first-kind integro-differential equation in special function classes is established. A two-step method for solving the vector inverse diffraction problem on the hemisphere is developed. Unlike traditional approaches, the two-step method for solving the inverse problem is non-iterative and does not require knowledge of the exact initial approximation. Consequently, there are no issues related to the convergence of the numerical method. The results of calculations of approximate solutions to the inverse problem are presented. It is shown that the two-step method is an efficient approach to solving vector problems in near-field tomography.
The Influence of the Degree of Tension and Compression of Copper on the Indentation Size Effect (ISE)
Authors: Blaško Peter , Petrík Jozef , Šolc Marek , Mihaliková Mária , Girmanová Lenka , Trpčevská Jarmila
Published: October 2024

The present work deals with the relationship between the degree of cold plastic deformation (up to 55.3% in the neck area in the tensile test and up to 66.6% in the compression test) and the parameters of the Indentation Size Effect (ISE). The tested material consists of 97% wrought copper. The Hanemann tester (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) was used to measure micro-hardness. The loads applied during the micro-hardness test were between 0.09807 N and 0.9807 N. The influence of the load on the degree of the micro-hardness and simultaneously on the ISE, expressed by the Meyer’s index n, was significant. The influence of load on the ISE parameters was also evaluated using the Meyer’s index n, the PSR method, and the Hays–Kendall approach. For the undeformed sample, the Meyer’s index was close to 2, with the increase in the degree of tensile and compressive deformation increasing its “reverse” character (n > 2).
The Importance of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in Oncological Vulvoperineal Defect Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Speck Nicole E. , Stoffel Julia , Wendelspiess Séverin , Appenzeller-Herzog Christian , Schaefer Kristin M. , Kouba Loraine P. , Rüter Florian , Montavon Céline , Heinzelmann-Schwarz Viola , Haug Martin D. , Schaefer Dirk J. , Ismail Tarek , Kappos Elisabeth A.
Published: October 2024

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have gained increased importance in assessing outcomes after reconstructive surgery. This also applies to the reconstruction of vulvoperineal defects after resection of gynecological or colorectal cancers in women. The objective of this study is to analyze the current state of PROM tool use within this patient population. Methods: By systematic literature searches in Embase, Medline, and Web of Science, English-language studies published after 1980, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series reporting on vulvoperineal defect reconstruction, which were included if they also analyzed quality of life (QoL) and/or PROMs. The PROM tools used by each study were extracted, analyzed, and compared. Results: The primary search yielded 2576 abstracts, of which 395 articles were retrieved in full text. Of these, 50 reported on vulvoperineal defect reconstruction, among which 27 studies analyzing QoL were found. Of those, 17 met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. After full-text screening, 14 different PROM tools and 5 individual, non-standardized questionnaires were identified. Only 22% of studies used a validated PROM tool. Conclusion: Far too few studies currently use PROM tools to assess outcomes in oncological vulvoperineal defect reconstruction. Less than half of the used PROMs are validated. No PROM was designed to specifically measure QoL in this patient population. The standardized implementation of a validated PROM tool in the clinical treatment of this patient population is an essential step to improve outcomes, enable the comparison of research, and support evidence-based treatment approaches.
Comment on Krüger, L. Decreasing Trends of Chinstrap Penguin Breeding Colonies in a Region of Major and Ongoing Rapid Environmental Changes Suggest Population Level Vulnerability. Diversity 2023, 15, 327
Authors: Oosthuizen W. Chris , Christian Murray , Ngwenya Mzabalazo
Published: October 2024

Historical data on chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) breeding population sizes are sparse and sometimes highly uncertain, making it hard to estimate true population trajectories. Yet, information on population trends is desirable as changes in population size can help inform conservation assessments. Recently, Krüger (2023) (Diversity 2023, 15, 327) used chinstrap penguin nest count data to predict breeding colony size trends between 1960 and 2020, to estimate whether the level of population change within three generations exceeded IUCN Red List Criteria for “Vulnerable” populations. Chinstrap penguin population trends are an important research topic, but we caution that Krüger (2023)’s statistical analyses (intended to form the foundation for drawing valid, evidence-based inferences from sparse data) contain fundamental errors that invalidate that paper’s findings. We discuss oversights in several key steps (data processing, exploratory data analysis, model fitting, model evaluation, and prediction) of that paper’s analysis to help others detect and avoid some of the pitfalls associated with estimating population trends via mixed models. We also show through reanalysis that improved statistical modelling can yield better predictions of chinstrap penguin population trends, at least within the range of observed data. This case study highlights (1) the profound influence that seemingly minor differences in modelling procedures (both unintentional errors and other decisions) can have on predictions of population trends, and (2) the substantial inherent uncertainty in population trend predictions derived from sparse, heterogenous data.
Central Nervous System Involvement and Neuroradiological Imaging Insights of Neurocutaneous Melanocytosis in Congenital Melanocytic Nevi
Authors: Ruff Christer , Gohla Georg , Nägele Thomas , Batra Marion
Published: October 2024

Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are pigmented lesions present at birth, varying widely in size and clinical impact. In rare instances, these nevi become visible during the first months of life, a phenomenon known as tardive melanocytic nevi (tardive CMN). Giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are defined as nevi larger than 40 cm in projected adult size (PAS). Their association with the central nervous system (CNS) poses significant risks, including melanoma and neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM), where melanocytes infiltrate the CNS, potentially causing seizures, hydrocephalus, and, rarely, CNS melanoma. MRI is recommended for GCMN patients, particularly those with numerous satellite nevi or neurological symptoms, to detect CNS involvement. The Nevosurgery Network recommends MRI examinations in cases of GCMN (>40 cm PAS), the presence of over 20 concomitant nevi, and neurological symptoms requiring clarification. CMN can be associated with melanocyte accumulations and melanin deposits in the brain, spinal cord, and leptomeninges.
Beyond the Heart: The Predictive Role of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring in Non-Cardiovascular Disease Risk Stratification
Authors: Cortiana Viviana , Vaghela Hetvee , Bakhle Rahul , Santhosh Tony , Kaiwan Oroshay , Tausif Aalia , Goel Ashish , Suhail Mohammed K. , Patel Neil , Akram Omar , Kaka Nirja , Sethi Yashendra , Moinuddin Arsalan
Published: October 2024

Coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS), a non-invasive measure of coronary atherosclerosis, has significantly enhanced cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment and stratification in asymptomatic individuals. More recently, a higher score for CAC has been associated with an increased risk of non-CV diseases and all-cause mortality. This review consolidated evidence supporting the role of CAC in assessing non-CV diseases, emphasizing its potential in early diagnosis and prognosis. We observed a strong association between CACS and non-CV diseases, viz., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, nephrolithiasis, stroke, dementia, malignancies, and several autoimmune diseases. Also, CAC may aid in evaluating the risk of CV conditions developing secondary to the non-CV diseases mentioned earlier. Further evidence from prospective studies, intervention trials, and population-based behavioral studies is needed to establish CAC cutoff values and explore preventative care applications, facilitating their broader integration into healthcare practices.
Influence of Anesthesiology Protocol on the Quality of Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring During Thyroid Surgery, One-Year Single Center Experience
Authors: Stojanovic Marina , Jovanovic Milan , Buzejic Matija , Maravic Tanja , Rovcanin Branislav , Slijepcevic Nikola , Tausanovic Katarina , Zivaljevic Vladan
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Anesthesia plays a very important role in the successful management of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM). The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of anesthesia induction and maintenance on the quality of signals during surgeries on the thyroid and parathyroid glands using neuromonitoring. Methods: The study included 72 patients who underwent surgery with IONM for one year. All the patients were intubated using a Glidescope videolaryngoscope with a hyperangulated blade. Two different approaches were used to facilitate intubation: succinylcholine-1 mg/kg and rocuronium bromide-0.3 mg/kg. For anesthesia maintenance, total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) or combined anesthesia was used. Patients’ body movements during operations, as well as electromyography signals from the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves before resection, were recorded as V1 and R1. Results: Intraoperative unwanted movements were recorded in 25% of patients. Undesired movements were more frequently recorded in the TIVA group compared to the combined anesthesia group (p < 0.001) as well as in patients who received succinylcholine compared to patients who received rocuronium bromide (p = 0.028). Type of anesthesia maintenance as well as type of muscle relaxant did not affect the quality of recorded nerve signals. (p = 0.169 and p = 0.894, respectively). Conclusions: The type of muscle relaxant used significantly affects the occurrence of undesirable movements during thyroid surgery with IONM, while the type of anesthesia maintenance did not influence either the quality of the obtained signal or the occurrence of undesirable movements.
Radiomic Features as Artificial Intelligence Prognostic Models in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wisnu Wardhana Dewa Putu , Maliawan Sri , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus , Rosyidi Rohadi Muhammad , Wiranata Sinta
Published: October 2024

Background: Glioblastoma, the predominant primary tumor among all central nervous systems, accounts for around 80% of cases. Prognosis in neuro-oncology involves assessing the disease’s progression in different individuals, considering the time between the initial pathological diagnosis and the time until the disease worsens. A noninvasive therapeutic approach called radiomic features (RFs), which involves the application of artificial intelligence in MRI, has been developed to address this issue. This study aims to systematically gather evidence and evaluate the prognosis significance of radiomics in glioblastoma using RFs. Methods: We conducted an extensive search across the PubMed, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases to identify relevant original studies examining the use of RFs to evaluate the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. This thorough search was completed on 25 July 2024. Our search terms included glioblastoma, MRI, magnetic resonance imaging, radiomics, and survival or prognosis. We included only English-language studies involving human subjects, excluding case reports, case series, and review studies. The studies were classified into two quality categories: those rated 4–6 were considered moderate-, whereas those rated 7–9 were high-quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OS and PFS were combined using random effects models. Results: In total, 253 studies were found in the initial search across the five databases. After screening the articles, 40 were excluded due to not meeting the eligibility criteria, and we included only 14 studies. All twelve OS and eight PFS trials were considered, involving 1.639 and 747 patients, respectively. The random effects model was used to calculate the pooled HRs for OS and PFS. The HR for OS was 3.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80–7.17), while the HR for PFS was 4.20 (95% CI, 1.02–17.32). Conclusions: An RF-AI-based approach offers prognostic significance for OS and PFS in patients with glioblastoma.
Improvements in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Results in Atrial Fibrillation Patients After Radiofrequency Ablation in Kazakhstan
Authors: Beisenbayeva Akmaral , Bekbossynova Makhabbat , Bakytzhanuly Abay , Aleushinova Uldana , Bekmetova Feruza , Chinybayeva Assel , Abdrakhmanov Ayan , Beyembetova Altynay
Published: October 2024

This prospective study evaluates the impact of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on cardiorespiratory indicators in patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation admitted to the Heart Center UMC between January 2022 and April 2024 in Astana, Kazakhstan. The study aims to assess the functional cardiac benefits of RFA. Out of 717 registered atrial fibrillation patients, 104 were examined before and 3 months after ablation, focusing on cardiorespiratory parameters. A before-and-after analysis using linear mixed models was applied to evaluate changes in cardiorespiratory parameters post-RFA. Significant improvements were noted across various measures. VO2 max increased from 11.5 ± 4.4 mL/kg/min to 18.0 ± 4.5 mL/kg/min (p < 0.001). Oxygen uptake improved from 7.2 ± 2.6 mL/beat to 11.0 ± 3.4 mL/beat (p < 0.001). The 6-min walking test distance rose from 306 ± 82 m to 400 ± 48 m (p < 0.001). METs increased from 4.4 ± 1.6 to 8.0 ± 1.3 (p < 0.001). Heart rate at peak exercise decreased from 175.5 ± 18.6 to 147.2 ± 12.3 beats per minute (p < 0.001). NT-proBNP levels decreased from 1357 ± 1182 to 415 ± 339 pg/mL (p < 0.001). Patients with persistent atrial fibrillation undergoing RFA showed functional improvements in CPET indicators such as VO2 max, METs, O2 pulse, heart rate, and the 6-min walking test. Improvements were also seen in Nt-proBNP analysis. These results emphasize the need for longitudinal follow-up to optimize outcomes and minimize medical risks.
Digital Analysis of Closest Speaking Space in Dentates—Method Proposal and Preliminary Findings
Authors: Preoteasa Cristina Teodora , Duță Karla Alexandra , Tudose Bogdan Florin , Murariu-Măgureanu Cătalina , Preoteasa Elena
Published: October 2024

Aims: The aim of this study is to identify methods for the digital analysis of the closest speaking space in dentates and to assess certain particularities using digital analysis. Method: For the adult patients included in this study, traditional dental casts were fabricated, and interocclusal registrations of the maximal intercuspal position and of the closest speaking space were taken using polyvinyl siloxane. Dental casts in both positions were scanned using a dental laboratory scanner, and digital analysis was conducted using the 3Shape 3D Viewer. Results: The interocclusal distance corresponding to the closest speaking space can be easily and precisely measured digitally or assessed using occlusion maps, at the level of all teeth. The interocclusal distance was variable across the dental arch, central incisors, and second molars, registering the smallest values, and was asymmetrical, with mandibular lateral deviation being suggested. The assessment of the range of motion of the mandible during the speaking test, recorded based on tooth movement, was conducted using superimpositions. The movement of the tooth was the largest in central incisors and decreased progressively as the tooth was more distal, and, in all cases, mandibular deviation occurred, more frequently to the left. Conclusions: Digital methods for the analysis of the closest speaking space have the advantages of increased precision and a broader range of analysis and application, showing research and clinical value.
An Animal Ex Vivo Model Comparing Two Different Methods of Sinus Floor Elevation with Great Elevation Heights: Macroscopic, Microscopic and Radiological Analysis
Authors: Fernández Castellano Erick Rafael , Garzón Lorena Benito , Márquez Sánchez Magaly Teresa , Flores-Fraile Javier
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Maxillary sinus pneumatization increases with age and tooth loss, leading to a reduction in the maxillary alveolar ridge, which often results in insufficient bone height for the proper placement of dental implants. This study focused on performing maxillary sinus elevations in ex vivo bisected pig heads using novel access and elevation devices, comparing these with the osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) technique. Materials and Methods:An experimental study was conducted using 20 ex vivo adult pig heads. The sinus elevations were divided into two groups: 10 heads were treated using the osteotome technique, and 10 heads were treated using a new device, which consists of a syringe with latex and saline solution, as well as a burr system for membrane access and control. Results: In the osteotome technique, perforations of the Schneiderian membrane were observed, whereas the inflatable balloon device did not cause any lacerations. Conclusions: OSFE resulted in sinus membrane perforations at greater elevation heights, while the new balloon device successfully elevated the membrane without tearing it. Within the limitations of this study, maxillary sinus lifts using the new balloon technique proved to be minimally invasive procedures.
GraphPPL.jl: A Probabilistic Programming Language for Graphical Models
Authors: Nuijten Wouter W. L. , Bagaev Dmitry , de Vries Bert
Published: October 2024

This paper presents GraphPPL.jl, a novel probabilistic programming language designed for graphical models. GraphPPL.jl uniquely represents probabilistic models as factor graphs. A notable feature of GraphPPL.jl is its model nesting capability, which facilitates the creation of modular graphical models and significantly simplifies the development of large (hierarchical) graphical models. Furthermore, GraphPPL.jl offers a plugin system to incorporate inference-specific information into the graph, allowing integration with various well-known inference engines. To demonstrate this, GraphPPL.jl includes a flexible plugin to define a Constrained Bethe Free Energy minimization process, also known as variational inference. In particular, the Constrained Bethe Free Energy defined by GraphPPL.jl serves as a potential inference framework for numerous well-known inference backends, making it a versatile tool for diverse applications. This paper details the design and implementation of GraphPPL.jl, highlighting its power, expressiveness, and user-friendliness. It also emphasizes the clear separation between model definition and inference while providing developers with extensibility and customization options. This establishes GraphPPL.jl as a high-level user interface language that allows users to create complex graphical models without being burdened with the complexity of inference while allowing backend developers to easily adopt GraphPPL.jl as their frontend language.
A Study on the Evolution Laws of Entrainment Performances Using Different Mixer Structures of Ejectors
Authors: Chen Hongjie , Ge Jing , Xu Zhizhou
Published: October 2024

Being the core of the ejector refrigeration system, an ejector with a suitable mixer, conical–cylindrical or cylindrical, is key to high-energy-efficiency and low-carbon systems. To promote the scientific selection of mixers for ejectors based on the theoretical models that have been validated by experiments, the evolution laws of the entrainment ratios in the two types of ejectors are studied under various operating conditions. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of the mixer structures on the entrainment ratio of the ejector is elucidated by comparing the distribution characteristics of the entropy generation rate, pressure lift proportion, and entropy generation rate of the per-unit pressure lift in the two types of ejectors. The efficiencies of the conical-cylindrical mixer ejector and cylindrical mixer ejector exist a crossover, which makes the entrainment ratio of the conical–cylindrical mixer ejector smaller under small compression ratios but larger under large compression ratios. By changing the cylindrical mixer into a conical one, on the one hand, more pressure rise will be distributed in the diffuser, which helps to reduce the entropy increase rate in the pressurization process; on the other hand, the wall impulse effect of the conical mixer will lead to an increase in entropy generation rate of per-unit pressure lift, resulting in a growing entropy generation rate of boosting. The dominant roles are not the same with changing compression ratios, which leads to different relationships of entrainment ratio between the cylindrical and conical mixer ejectors.
The Influence of Market Competition on SMEs’ Performance in Emerging Economies: Does Process Innovation Moderate the Relationship?
Authors: Keelson Solomon Abekah , Cúg Juraj , Amoah John , Petráková Zora , Addo Jacob Odei , Jibril Abdul Bashiru
Published: October 2024

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are vital to the economic development of emerging economies, significantly contributing to employment, innovation, and GDP growth. This study investigates the influence of market competition on SME performance in emerging economies, specifically examining the moderating role of process innovation. Using a sample of 365 SMEs in the western region of Ghana, the research employed a convenience sampling technique to gather data. The analysis utilized partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to explore the relationships between market competition, process innovation, and SME performance. The findings revealed that three direct hypotheses were supported, indicating a positive relationship between market competition and SME performance, while the moderated hypotheses were not supported. These insights provide valuable implications for SME owners, managers, and policymakers.
Inclusive Practices Outside of the United States: A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Anderson Eric J. , Oehrtman Emily , Cohara Elizabeth K.
Published: October 2024

Regardless of differences in abilities, background, or citizenship, students have a right to effective education alongside their peers who do not have disabilities. For many students with disabilities (especially students with more significant support needs), education is something that happens outside of the general education classroom, which limits their access to the academic and social benefits of inclusive education. Fortunately, advocates, educators, and researchers are working to ensure that more students can access inclusive classrooms. Much is known about these practices within the United States, but less research focuses on inclusion in other nations and regions. This scoping literature review synthesizes intervention research conducted outside of the United States and summarizes data from 15 studies representing seven countries and including 42 total student participants. Key findings highlight important outcomes (e.g., academic engagement and communication) and effective methods (e.g., embedded instruction and peer supports) being used around the world to support students with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Enhancing Students’ Knowledge-Based Economy Skills at Sultan Qaboos University
Authors: Elshaiekh Nour Eldin , Shehata Ahmed , Al Hosni Noura
Published: October 2024

This study examines the readiness of Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) students for the knowledge-based economy, focusing on their awareness, perceptions, and skills. As Oman transitions towards a knowledge-based economic model, understanding and enhancing students’ preparedness has become crucial. This research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing a questionnaire distributed to SQU students across various colleges and academic levels, achieving a 66.04% response rate. The key findings reveal that while many students consider knowledge economy skills very important, some express neutral awareness about these skills. Students ranked creativity and innovation (85.82%) and critical thinking and problem solving (85.11%) as the most essential skills. The study identifies significant relationships between enhancing students’ knowledge-based economy skills (ESKBE) and both awareness of the knowledge-based economy (AWS) and the impact of technology on education and employment (ITEE). Students generally view the knowledge economy positively, with 55% agreeing it will have a positive societal impact. However, they recognize challenges, including resistance to change (53.5% agreement) and limited access to education and training (49.3% agreement). The need for government involvement in addressing these challenges was strongly emphasized (54.3% agreement). Based on these findings, the study recommends that SQU enhance its curriculum to explicitly develop key skills, improve awareness of knowledge economy demands, further integrate technology into educational practices, strengthen industry partnerships, promote lifelong learning initiatives, and engage more actively with policymakers. This paper also provides a unique look at higher education’s role in the changing economy, as seen through graduates. It offers empirical evidence for the necessity of universities to change to serve the knowledge economy and, at the same time, make a case on how complex this transformation is. The results matter not only for SQU but also—in a more general sense, at least as far as knowledge-based economies are concerned—globally with respect to higher education institutions.
A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study on the Behavioral Intentions of Polish Medical and Healthcare Students Regarding Interprofessional Collaboration in Their Future Clinical Practice
Authors: Przymuszała Piotr , Chmielewski Artur , Zielińska-Tomczak Łucja , Pieczyński Mateusz , Czudaj Paweł , Cerbin-Koczorowska Magdalena , Marciniak Ryszard
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Since the importance of robust theory-driven research is emphasized in medical education and little data are available on the intentions of medical and healthcare students regarding interprofessional collaboration, this study aimed to analyze the behavioral intentions of Polish medical and healthcare students to undertake interprofessional collaboration in their future work. This study follows the assumptions of the theory of planned behavior, including analysis of the students’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in this regard. Methods: Data were collected from March to July 2023 on the population of students at Poznan University of Medical Sciences (Poland) using a questionnaire developed using dedicated manuals on the theory. Results: The students demonstrated generally positive behavioral intentions and attitudes, with a mean total attitude score of 103.13 ± 33.31 in a possible range of −231 to 231. Their sense of social pressure to engage in interprofessional collaboration was weak to moderate positive, as indicated by their total subjective norm score equal on average to 57.01 ± 42.98 in a possible range of −189 to 189, or mixed when evaluated directly. Furthermore, even though they presented a neutral or moderately positive direct assessment of their perceived behavioral control, its indirect measure was weak to moderately negative, with a mean total perceived behavioral control of −80.78 ± 59.21 in a possible range of −231 to 231. Conclusions: The findings suggest that students’ perceptions of mixed social pressure and the presence of barriers or obstacles to collaboration may negatively impact their perceived ease and willingness to collaborate, even despite their initially positive attitudes towards it.