bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of fiber Bragg Gratings for monitoring multidirectional fiber reinforced composites cured by microwave radiation
Authors: Madrigal Javier , Barrera David , Ruiz Rocío , Roig Inmaculada , Sartiano Demetrio , Floris Ignazio , Sales Salvador
Published: November 2021

Optical fiber sensors are a promising solution for monitoring composites cured by microwave radiation. We embedded several fiber Bragg gratings into a multidirectional fiber reinforced composite test piece for monitoring its curing process using a microwave heating method.
Detection and Identification of Human Locomotion by Distributed Acoustic Sensing with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Peng Zhaoqiang , Wen Hongqiao , Jian Jianan , Wang Mohan , Liu Hu , Mao Zhi-Hong , Chen Kevin P.
Published: November 2021

This paper reports intrusion detection using distributed acoustic sensors based on phase- sensitive enhanced Rayleigh scattering optical time-domain reflectometry. Vibration data induced by human locomotion was analyzed by convolution neural networks and achieve over 76.25% accuracy on human identification.
Optical fiber FPI based sensor for arterial pulse waves assessment
Authors: Leitão Cátia , Sousa Ricardo , Alberto Nélia , André Paulo , Pinto João , Antunes Paulo , Domingues M. Fátima
Published: November 2021

Assessment of the arterial pulse wave (APW) based on Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) sensors, interrogated by the convolution of the narrow band optical signal with the FPI spectral response. This is a reliable solution for the APW monitoring.
From Laboratory to Oil Field: the Development of Fiber-optic Microseismic Monitoring System
Authors: Liu Fei , Pan Yong , Dong Xiaowei , Pan Shulin , Wang Ningbo , He Xiangge , Gu Lijuan , Chen Zhangyuan , Yi Duo , Xie Bin , Zhang Min
Published: November 2021

The special fiber-optic microseismic monitoring system has been successfully developed by Peking university and Xinjiang oilfield company. It has performed 7 monitor-ing tasks from 2016 to 2019, providing ideal interpretations of induced fracture. (tel: +86 138 0108 9536, e-mail: zhang min@pku.edu.cn)
Methane Sensor Based on Fabry- Pérot Interferometer and Metal-Organic Framework Doped Polymer Coating
Authors: Yi Xinruo , Cao Rongtao , Ding Hangjun , Wang Mohan , Yang Yang , Kim Ki-Joong , Ohodnicki Paul , Chen Kevin P.
Published: November 2021

A methane monitoring sensor was fabricated in a single mode fiber with inscribed Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) through femtosecond laser and coated with polymer/metal- organic framework (MOF) in response to a various range of methane gas.
Sensing of microRNA at Concentration of 0.1aM with a CuS Nanoparticle Amplified Fiber Biosensor
Authors: Chen Pengwei , Huang Yunyun , Guan Bai-Ou
Published: November 2021

Based on the concept of a localized ultrasensitive surface established via interfacial energy enhancement about 2.40 times, an optical microfiber sensor was used to detect microRNA at concentration 0.1 aM with stable performance.
Ultra-high Sensitivity 1D Sensor for Sensing 3D Space
Authors: Zhu Chen , Gerald Rex E. , Huang Jie
Published: November 2021

A single one-dimensional (1-D) fiber-optic inclinometer (FOI) is used to recognize and locate vibrations originating from different positions in three-dimensional (3-D) space surrounding the FOI with the assistance of machine learning (ML) techniques.
Intelligent identification of vibration for monitoring of the buried optical communication cable in urban with DAS
Authors: Yang Mingru , Wu Huijuan , Yang Siqi , Lu Hao , Wang Chaoqun , Rao Yunjiang
Published: November 2021

It is proposed a novel identification method by using CNN-BiLSTM model, with which better smart sensing ability can be achieved in the safety monitoring of the buried optical communication cable in urban with DAS.
Reusable optical fiber sensor for the detection of mercury traces based on LSPR generated by gold nanoparticles Embedded in LbL Nano-Assembled Coatings
Authors: Martínez-Hernández María Elena , Goicoechea Javier , Arregui Francisco J.
Published: November 2021

This work reports a wavelength-based reusable optical fiber sensor for the detection of mercury traces in water based on the alteration of the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances. The limit of detection is below 1 ppb.
Pressure transducing plane cable structure for fully distributed sound measurements
Authors: Costa Luis , Schenato Luca , Martins Hugo F. , Palmieri Luca , Martin-Lopez Sonia , Fernández- Ruiz Maria R. , González-Herráez Miguel
Published: November 2021

By interrogating an optical fiber cable designed for pressure sensing using a Rayleigh- based system, able of very sensitive strain measurements, we demonstrate and benchmark distributed sound acquisition in optical fibers.
Pipeline Defects Detection and Classification Based on Distributed Fiber Sensors and Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Qirui , Jian Jianan , Wang Mohan , Wu Jingyu , Mao Zhi-Hong , Gribok Andrei V. , Chen Kevin P.
Published: November 2021

An integrated approach is presented to detect pipeline defects using distributed acoustic sensors and machine learning. Over 80% accuracy for defected pipe identification was achieved with defect depth classifications with error less than 1-mm.
High sensitivity interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes for 6-component seismograph
Authors: Cao Yuwen , He Dong , Zhang Dingfan , Zhang Wentao , Li Li , Li Zhengbin
Published: November 2021

The principle of dual polarized fiber optic gyroscope insensitive to the temperature and magnetic field variance is presented, and several novel experiments have been demonstrated, including earthquake detection, environmental noise recording and six-component seismograph.
Effect of the Mechanical Reinforcement on the Integrated Optical Device Stability and Investigation of Stress Distributions
Authors: Dönertaş Seval , Gökkavas Mutlu , Orhan Elif , Özbay Ekmel
Published: November 2021

Structural behavior of MIOC is investigated via FEM simulations. Studies demonstrate that geometrical configuration of MIOC and waveguiding region induce thermo mechanical stress which affects the stability of the device.
Off-axis Fiber Bragg Grating Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing for Torsion Sensing
Authors: Viveiros Duarte , de Almeida José M. M. M. , Coelho L. , Maia João M. , Amorim Vítor A. , A. Pedro , Jorge S. , Marques P. V. S.
Published: November 2021

The precise production of 4.5 μm off-axis first order FBG in an SMF-28e fiber through femtosecond laser direct writing is demonstrated. The off-axis FBG potential as sensing head for torsion sensing was successfully explored.
Compact silica twisted microfiber for ultrasound sensing
Authors: Fan Huibo , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: November 2021

An ultra-compact silica twisted microfiber is fabricated to detect the ultrasound signal with broadband frequency response from 4 kHz to 57.3 MHz. The ultrasound is generated from a piezoelectric transducer peaked at 3.7 MHz.
Optical Fiber Ring Resonator Ethanol Vapor Sensor
Authors: Melissinaki Vasileia , Farsari Maria , Pissadakis Stavros
Published: November 2021

A ring resonator device developed onto an optical fiber taper, using multi-photon laser lithography, while operating as ethanol vapor sensor is presented. This sensor readily measures ethanol vapor concentrations of 0.5ppm, with Q-factor of 1.9x103.
Optical Curvature Sensor Based on Enhanced Backscattering in Single Mode Fibre
Authors: Yang Yang , Song Zhangqi , Zhu Xiaotong , Shao Liyang , Chen Xuze , Yuan Liangjun
Published: November 2021

A fibre optic curvature sensor is proposed with the enhanced backscattering sensitive to the deflection of thin structures. A short piece of single mode fibre attached on 1mm thickness titanium substrate is polished with rough sand paper. The rough surface and micro-cracks near fibre core dramatically enhance the backscatter in the fibre. The sensor is experimentally researched with self-pulse reference intensity demodulation method. The minimum detectable curvature is as small as 3.0 × 10−4/m, which means the strain resolution is 0.1με . The backscatter optical fibre curvature senor can be much more compact and convenient to use in smart structure.
Strain Measurements with the Fiber Bragg Grating in Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber Sensor
Authors: Quintana Joel , Chessa Jack F. , Gonzalez Virgilio
Published: November 2021

The strain / wavelength relationship of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) written in Polarization Maintaining (PM) optical fiber is characterized by way of tension test on an ASTM D638-Type1 specimen. The spectral shifts are translated to mechanical strains then validated with 2-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC) analysis.
A Simple Optical Fiber Sensor for Metal Defect Detection
Authors: Zhang Hong , Dai Zhiyong , Wu Hongliang , Li Baoji , Xiang Jing
Published: November 2021

Based on the optical Faraday effect, a small fiber sensor is fabricated to detect the ferromagnetic defect. Experimental result shows its minimum diameter can reach 3 mm and its depth can reach 5%*t .
Synchronous laser locking and beat frequency technique for ultra-high-resolution static strain measurement
Authors: Huang Wenzhu , Zhang Wentao , Li Fang
Published: November 2021

Two independent narrow-linewidth tunable fiber lasers are locked on a sensing FBG resonator and a reference FBG resonator respectively with fast Pound-Drever-Hall feedback method. An ultra-high strain resolution of 86 pε is achieved.
Amplification of Ultrasonic-to-Fiber Bragg Grating Signals
Authors: Wang Chia-Fu , Wee Junghyun , Timofeeva Anastasia , Peters Kara
Published: November 2021

We amplify the signal coupled from ultrasonic Lamb waves into an optical fiber, for structural damage detection applications, using two devices: an ultrasonic horn and a phononic crystal GRIN lens.
Scalability in IoT Sensor Networks for Smart Buildings
Authors: Colapinto K. Blando , Linder B. , Canning J. , Cengic M.
Published: November 2021

A brief assessment is made of existing wireless and photonic sensor networks in buildings. It follows interests in the premium hotel sector to assess the feasibility integrating fibre optic sensors with existing fibre optic based communications
Electrically tunable four-wave-mixing in graphene heterogeneous fiber for individual gas molecule detection
Authors: An Ning , Tan Teng , Yao Baicheng , Qin Chenye , Peng Zheng , Bi Lei , Soavi Giancarlo , Wong Chee Wei , Rao Yunjiang
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate the steep EO tunability of four-wave-mixing (FWM) in a graphene bipolar-junction-transistor heterogeneous D-shaped fiber (GhDF). This enables the GhDF ultrasensitive to external molecule adsorption/desorption in vacuum, achieving individual gas molecule detections.
Measuring overhead line temperature using fiber Bragg grating sensors
Authors: Barón Fabián , Álvarez-Botero Germán , G. Francisco Amórtegui , Pastor Daniel , Varón Margarita
Published: November 2021

Temperature measurements on overhead lines using FBG sensors were performed. Sensors were wrapped with copper wire for thermal transfer purposes. Influence of wind speed, solar irradiation, rain, environment temperature, on conductor temperature, were measured.
3D micro-printed ultra-compact single-fiber Optical tweezers
Authors: Reddy Innem V.A.K , Bertoncini Andrea , Liberale Carlo
Published: November 2021

We present a fully 3D printed, on-fiber hybrid photonic structure to create customizable single-fiber optical tweezers. The structure contains waveguiding, reflecting, and refracting micro-optical elements stacked to generate a high-NA focal spot.
Selection of Hyperspectral Endmember Extraction Algorithm for Tumor Delineation in Animal Models
Authors: Mishra Deependra , Wang John , Wang Steven T. , Cao Qian , Hurbon Helena , Akers Walter , Berezin Mikhail Y.
Published: November 2021

Advanced algorithms used in geospatial imaging were adopted for biomedical application to analyze hyperspectral datasets. To demonstrate the effectiveness, endmember extractions method was applied for delineating tumors in animal models of cancer.
Three-dimensional Chebyshev Phasor Denoising of Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Harman Rebecca C. , Lang Ryan T. , Kercher Eric M. , Spring Bryan Q.
Published: November 2021

We present a denoising algorithm for hyperspectral images that utilizes a transformation to 3-dimensional spectral phasor space. This method improves peak signal-to-noise ratio in a simulated image while preserving spatial information.
Lead Optimization of Nerve-Specific Fluorophores for Image-Guided Nerve Sparing Surgical Procedures
Authors: Barth Connor W. , Wang Lei G. , Montano Antonio , Antaris Alexander L. , Klaassen Alwin , Sorger Jonathan , Kerr Darcy A. , Henderson Eric R. , Alani Adam W. G. , Gibbs Summer L.
Published: November 2021

Nerve damage is a major complication of surgery, causing pain and loss of function. We have identified novel near-infrared nerve-specific fluorophores that provide excellent nerve contrast with the ability to identify buried nerve tissue.
Structural imperfections on characteristics of optomechanical crystal nanobeam cavity
Authors: Fan Boyu , Lv Xiaomin , Tang Tao , Deng Guangwei , Wang You , Song Haizhi , Zhou Qiang
Published: November 2021

We present a theoretical analysis of the influence of structural imperfections on the device performance of optomechanical crystal nanobeam cavity. The quality factor, resonant frequency and optomechanical coupling properties are investigated statistically according to the various defects of the positions, radii, alignments, and surface roughness. Our results reveal the predominant influence and suggest an approach of manipulation towards these parameters, which provide important information for engineering a desired optomechanical crystal nanobeam cavity.
Comparison of the Shack-Hartmann and fixed-pyramid wavefront sensors in weak to moderately deep turbulence conditions
Authors: Tako Naresh , Radosevich Cameron J. , Brennan Terry J. , Spencer Mark F.
Published: November 2021

This paper compares the closed-loop, adaptive-optics-system performance obtained with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (WFS) to that of a fixed-pyramid WFS, assuming a point-source beacon. To quantify performance, the analysis uses wave-optics simulations and calculates the peak Strehl in weak to moderately deep turbulence conditions. Initial results show that the Shack-Hartmann WFS outperforms the fixed-pyramid WFS.
Comparison of vortex structure as a function of topological charge for beams carrying OAM through underwater optical turbulence
Authors: Avramov-Zamurovic Svetlana , Nelson Charles , Esposito Joel
Published: November 2021

The distortion of optical vortex beams of varying topological charges propagating through underwater optical turbulence is explored. We find that beams carrying OAM with lower topological charges appear to distort more on propagation through media.
Atmospheric Turbulence Characterization with DNN-Enhanced Electro-Optical Sensors
Authors: Vorontsov Mikhail , Vorontsov Artem , Polnau Ernst , Filimonov Grigorii
Published: November 2021

A deep machine learning signal processing paradigm is applied for prediction of the atmospheric turbulence refractive index structure parameter Cn^2 via DNN-based processing of data received from electro-optical sensors and evaluation of the most prominent turbulence models.
The importance of thermal blooming for laser weapon atmospheric propagation modelling
Authors: Daigle Jean-François , Tremblay Grégoire , Théberge Francis , Pudo Dominik
Published: November 2021

Thermal blooming occurs when a laser is sufficiently intense to modify the properties of the propagation medium via a thermal transfer of energy. It is investigated with a kW-class near-infrared fiber laser over extended ranges.
Effect of Atmospheric Aerosols on the Performance of Free-Space Optical Communication Systems in Turbulent Medium
Authors: Sunilkumar K. , Anand N. , Satheesh S. K. , Moorthy K. Krishna , Ilavazhagan G.
Published: November 2021

Employing a hybrid approach using realistic observations and a Mie scattering model, the effects of atmospheric aerosols on the channel capacity of free-space optical communication systems have been estimated.
Limitations of the Deep-Turbulence Problem
Authors: Spencer Mark F.
Published: November 2021

The deep-turbulence problem is a multifaceted problem. As such, this paper parameterizes its limitations in terms of the isoplanatic angle, Fried coherence diameter, Rytov number, and Greenwood frequency.
Optical Eigenmodes in Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Bachmann David , Isoard Mathieu , Shatokhin Vyacheslav , Sorelli Giacomo , Treps Nicolas , Buchleitner Andreas
Published: November 2021

We study optical eigenmodes in a turbulent atmosphere. From the eigenvalue statistics we identify highly transmitting eigenmodes. Furthermore, we investigate the spatial structure and stability of these modes for a broad range of turbulence conditions.
Half Cylinder Photonic Plate with Broadband Polarized Light Emission incorporating Light Recycling to Electricity Using Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ferreira Catarina G. , Martínez-Denegri Guillermo , Kramarenko Mariia , Toudert Johann , Martorell Jordi
Published: November 2021

Optical guide system for broadband polarized diffuse light emission, incorporating light recycling back into electricity, based on a combination of periodic order in a half-cylinder photonic plate and randomness in a multilayer reflective polarizer.
Inverse Design of PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Spectrally-Selective Photovoltaic Films
Authors: Chintapalli Sreyas M. , Gao Tina , Chiu Arlene , Lin Yida , Thon Susanna M.
Published: November 2021

The inverse design of photovoltaic 2D photonic crystals using machine learning will be presented. The technique bypasses calculation of photonic bandstructure in favor of directly computing designer-friendly properties such as spectral transmission.
Spectral Optimization of Solid-State Light Sources for Cyanosis Observation Index, Circadian, and Color Metrics
Authors: Durmus Dorukalp
Published: November 2021

Detecting skin color changes has medical diagnostic value. Spectral optimization of a 16-channel LED for cyanosis observation index, circadian, color, and efficacy metrics underline the benefits of using tunable lighting systems in healthcare facilities.
Modelling-assisted Optimization of Light In-coupling, Out-coupling and Waveguiding in Photonic Devices
Authors: Krc Janez , Kovacic Milan , Debevc Andraz , Topic Marko
Published: November 2021

We employed numerical simulations to optimize optical performance of different photonic devices: light in-coupling in ultra-thin CIGS solar cells, light out-coupling in bottom-emitting OLEDs and reduction of optical crosstalk in silicon photonic integrated circuits.
Enhanced Optical Performance in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Enabled by Periodic Nanotextures
Authors: Tockhorn Philipp , Jäger Klaus , Sutter Johannes , Wagner Philipp , Al-Ashouri Amran , Stannowski Bernd , Albrecht Steve , Becker Christiane
Published: November 2021

We present enhanced optical performance in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with smooth periodic nanotextures. Reflection losses in experimental devices are reduced by 1 mA/cm², enabling a power conversion efficiency >26%.
A Brief History of Light Management in Solar Cells
Authors: Jäger Klaus , Becker Christiane
Published: November 2021

Fourty years ago, Eli Yablonovitch laid the foundations for light management with his paper on statistical ray optics. In this contribution, we review the history of light management and summarize different light management concepts.
Multispectrum Rotational States Distribution Thermometer
Authors: Gotti R. , Lamperti M. , Gatti D. , Wojtewicz S. , Puppe T. , Mayzlin Y. , Alsaif B. , Robinson-Tait J. , Rohde F. , Wilk R. , Leisching P. , Kaenders W.G. , Laporta P. , Marangoni M.
Published: November 2021

We propose an optical primary thermometer relying on a global fitting approach over multiple molecular absorption lines acquired at different pressures through a widely tunable comb-locked cavity ring-down spectrometer.
Laser ranging with analog all-optical coherent pulse compression using a frequency shifting loop
Authors: Billault Vincent , Durán Vicente , Fernandez-Pousa Carlos R. , Crozatier Vincent , Morvan Loïc , Dolfi Daniel , de Chatellus Hugues Guillet
Published: November 2021

We perform laser ranging using a dual-comb system that generates trains of optical chirps with slightly different periods. It allows analog pulse compression with low-frequency electronics and the possibility of expanding the ambiguity range.
Widely tunable quantum cascade laser-pumped methyl fluoride terahertz laser
Authors: Chevalier Paul , Amirzhan Arman , Rowlette Jeremy , Stinson Ted , Pushkarsky Michael , Day Timothy , Capasso Federico , Everitt Henry O.
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate and characterize a new quantum cascade laser-pumped molec- ular laser using methyl fluoride as its gain medium. We show that a laser using this gain medium can exhibit a low pump threshold while allowing emission over more than 100 lines spanning from 300 GHz up to 1.3 THz.
Determination of the Measurement Accuracy of a Phase-sensitive OTDR
Authors: Galal Malak , Sebastian Suneetha , Yang Zhisheng , Thévenaz Luc
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the measurement accuracy of a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (ϕ-OTDR) as a function of SNR and pulse width. A method to determine the absolute SNR of a ϕ-OTDR system is also proposed.
Quasi-Distributed Temperature Sensing with Large-Scale Draw Tower Gratings
Authors: Haerteis Lisa-Sophie , Renner Esther , Scheffter Kilian , Schmauss Bernhard
Published: November 2021

Large-scale draw tower gratings (DTG) are interrogated using incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry ( iOFDR) w ith h omodyne f requency conversion. We successfully demonstrate quasi-distributed temperature sensing with a total number of N = 500 DTGs.
Acoustic-Optical Interactions in Optical Fiber Sensors for Ultrasonic Inspection of Structures
Authors: Wee Junghyun , Kim Jee Myung , Peters Kara
Published: November 2021

This paper analyzes the conversion of acoustic modes in optical fibers from Lamb waves in structures. Experimental verifications of the physical behavior of these modes using micro-laser Doppler vibrometry is also presented.
Train detection DAS system with reduction of the backscattering interference fading effect
Authors: Kabalan Ali , Acosta Valentina Marulanda , Hammi Tarik , Garbini Gabriel Papaiz , Hamadi Abdelkader , Gabet Renaud , Jaouën Yves
Published: November 2021

An optical frequency modulation approach is adopted to reduce the impact of the phase- OTDR interference fading. This approach is validated by phase analysis results from train detection in a railway tunnel in Paris.
Ultra-long ϕ-OTDR Assisted by Modulated Second-order Raman Amplification
Authors: Nuño Javier , Martin-Lopez Sonia , Ania-Castañón Juan Diego , Gonzalez-Herraez Miguel , Martins Hugo F.
Published: November 2021

Second order Raman amplification with engineered amplitude modulation is proposed for ϕ-OTDR, leading to trace visibility improvement by 6-dB beyond 50 km and a measurement range increase of 10 km.
Coherent Optical Fiber Sensing Based on a Frequency Shifting Loop
Authors: Billault Vincent , Travers Pierre , Arpison Guillaume , Crozatier Vincent , Kemlin Vincent , Morvan Loïc , Dolfi Daniel , de Chatellus Hugues Guillet
Published: November 2021

An optical fiber sensing system with a frequency shifting loop monitor phase perturbations applied to a transducer in an optical fiber. A sensitivity below 4 µrad/Hz^(1/2) in a 20 kHz – 2 MHz bandwidth is obtained.
Characterization of luminescence and electron transport in corroded zirconium alloys
Authors: Vidrio Ricardo , Zahedian Maryam , Zhang Hongliang , Schneider Bill , Zu Xihong , Couet Adrien , Choy Jennifer T.
Published: November 2021

Nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond are used to image electron pathways in corroded zirconium alloys, with preliminary data showing unexpected luminescence from the oxidized zirconium. Our ongoing work includes identifying the origin of this luminescence.
GaN laser technology for cold-atom quantum sensors and optical atomic clocks
Authors: Najda S.P. , Perlin P. , Suski T. , Stanczyk S. , Leszczyński M. , Schiavon S. , Slight T. , Gwyn S. , Watson S. , Kelly A.E , Macarthur J. , McKnight L. , Knapp M. , Haji M.
Published: November 2021

We report on GaN lasers with extremely narrow linewidth (~1MHz) at ‘magic wavelengths’ for cold-atom quantum sensors and optical atomic clocks, using extended cavity GaN laser diodes and DFB GaN laser diodes.
Multi-photon coincidence-detection SPAD array for super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Madonini Francesca , Severini Fabio , Conca Enrico , Villa Federica
Published: November 2021

We designed a scalable and readout-efficient Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) array optimized to detect n-fold photon coincidences across a wide active area, aiming at super- resolution imaging through single-photon emitters and detection.
New Approach for Temperature-Immune Oxygen Sensing based on Pt-TFPP
Authors: Venturini Francesca , Michelucci Umberto , Baumgartner Michael
Published: November 2021

The determination of molecular oxygen is of great interest in numerous fields ranging from biology, biotechnology, medicine, and chemistry. One of the most diffused optical methods is based on the quenching of luminescence of a luminophore, like Pt-TFPP, by the oxygen molecules. Since both the luminescence and the quenching are temperature dependent, the temperature of the indicator has to be continuously monitored and accounted for in the determination of the oxygen concentration. In this work, a new approach based on artificial neural networks is proposed. The neural network developed learns to predict the oxygen without any information about the temperature of the luminophore. The prediction of the neural network, in this case, the oxygen concentration, is, therefore, temperature immune. Additionally, the neural network learns from the cross-interference to predict also the temperature, making positionally accurate and fast temperature measurements not necessary anymore. This work shows how it is possible to extract a temperature-immune oxygen concentration using Pt-TFPP and a single optical channel for the measurement.
Tissue Oxygen Sensing: Bandages, Needles, and Wearable Devices
Authors: Evans Conor L.
Published: November 2021

Oxygen is crucial for normal tissue function and repair. We have developed a toolkit of optical oxygen sensors that can be made into a wide range of materials and form factors for biomedical sensing applications.
Silicon Photonic Filter-based Dot Product Engine for Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: De Marinis L. , Sorel M. , Klitis C. , Contestabile G. , Andriolli N.
Published: November 2021

We present a silicon photonic filter-based analog engine for computing dot products in convolutional neural networks. It shows a greater energy efficiency compared to electronic solutions with a limited bit resolution degradation of input signals.
Transmitter Laser Frequency Offset Estimation Based on Artificial Neural Network for Coherent Optical Systems
Authors: Xu Haobo , Zhai Zhiqun , Jiang Hexun , Yi Lilin , Hu Weisheng , Zhuge Qunbi
Published: November 2021

We propose a machine learning based scheme to estimate transmitter laser frequency offset, which is a nonnegligible factor affecting the performance of transceiver-joint equalization. The estimation error is less than 0.05 GHz.
Power and Modulation Format Transfer Learning for Neural Network Equalizers in Coherent Optical Transmission Systems
Authors: Freire Pedro J. , Abode Daniel , Prilepsky Jaroslaw E. , Turitsyn Sergei K.
Published: November 2021

Transfer learning is proposed to adapt NN-based nonlinear equalizer across different launch powers and modulation formats using a 450km TWC-fiber transmission. The result shows up to 92% reduction in epochs or 90% in the training dataset.
Finite Word Length Analysis for FFT-Based Chromatic Dispersion Compensation Filters
Authors: Bae Cheolyong , Gustafsson Oscar
Published: November 2021

Finite word length effects for frequency-domain implementation of chromatic dispersion compensation is analyzed. The results show a significant difference for the dif- ferent factors when it comes to power consumption and receiver penalty.
Joint Transmitter and Receiver IQ Differential Phase Calibration using a single 4×8 MIMO Equalizer
Authors: Ng Wing Chau , Tang Xuefeng , Hu Wenyi , Wang Yongfu , Zhang Zhuhong , Li Chuandong
Published: November 2021

A joint transmitter and receiver IQ differential phase calibration based on a single 4×8 MIMO equalizer is proposed. Its skew measurement accuracy of 0.1 ps and robustness to polarization rotation are experimentally verified.
Probabilistic Constellation Shaping for Long-Haul Transmission Systems
Authors: Cho Junho
Published: November 2021

We review recent findings and advances in probabilistic constellation shaping for long- haul transmission systems, from terrestrial networks to submarine cable systems, with dispersion- managed and dispersion-unmanaged links.
Inducing absorption within a Brillouin gain profile for radio frequency switching
Authors: Varun M K , Pant Ravi
Published: November 2021

We exploit analogue of electromagnetically induced absorption to report a microwave photonic switch with 37dB extinction. Orthogonally polarized SBS gain reso- nances in RF domain interfere destructively to create loss within the gain resonance.
The Nestin neural enhancer is essential for normal levels of endogenous Nestin in neuroprogenitors but is not required for embryo development
Authors: Thomson Ella , Dawson Ruby , H’ng Chee Ho , Adikusuma Fatwa , Piltz Sandra , Thomas Paul Q.
Published: November 2021

Enhancers are vitally important during embryonic development to control the spatial and temporal expression of genes. Recently, large scale genome projects have identified a vast number of putative developmental regulatory elements. However, the proportion of these that have been functionally assessed is relatively low. While enhancers have traditionally been studied using reporter assays, this approach does not characterise their contribution to endogenous gene expression. We have studied the murine Nestin (Nes) intron 2 enhancer, which is widely used to direct exogenous gene expression within neural progenitor cells in cultured cells and in vivo. We generated CRISPR deletions of the enhancer region in mice and assessed their impact on Nes expression during embryonic development. Loss of the Nes neural enhancer significantly reduced Nes expression in the developing CNS by as much as 82%. By assessing NES protein localization, we also show that this enhancer region contains repressor element(s) that inhibit Nes expression within the vasculature. Previous reports have stated that Nes is an essential gene, and its loss causes embryonic lethality. We also generated 2 independent Nes null lines and show that both develop without any obvious phenotypic effects. Finally, through crossing of null and enhancer deletion mice we provide evidence of trans-chromosomal interaction of the Nes enhancer and promoter.
Ocular abnormalities in Polish Hunting Dogs
Authors: Balicki Ireneusz , Goleman Małgorzata , Balicka Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to describe and determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in Polish Hunting Dogs. The study was conducted with 193 Polish Hunting Dogs: 101 female and 92 male animals, aged between 3 months and 12 years. Ophthalmic examinations were performed using slit lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and tonometry based on the ophthalmological protocol for the examination of hereditary eye diseases. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed for dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), while electroretinography was also performed in dogs with SARDS. Five dogs (2.6%) were diagnosed with cataract, iris coloboma in 3 dogs (1.6%), ocular dermoid in 1 dog (0.5%), and retinal dysplasia, distichiasis and entropion in 1 dog (1%). Three dogs (1.6%) were diagnosed with PRA and SARDS occurred in 1 dog. Retinal lesions was observed in 16 dogs (8.3%). The clinical signs of retinopathy observed in Polish Hunting Dogs included discoloration of the tapetal fundus, patchy increased reflectivity in the region of discoloration, focus of hyperpigmentation and an area of tapetal hyper-reflectivity with a pigmented center. SD-OCT performed in the 3 dogs with PRA revealed alteration in the retinal layers, which was most advanced in the non-tapetal fundus. Although SD-OCT revealed retinal layers with normal architecture only in some parts of the dorsal, nasal and temporal regions in dogs with SARDS, areas of disorganized external limiting membrane, myeloid zone, ellipsoid zone, outer photoreceptor segment and interdigitation zone were also observed. Polish Hunting Dogs should undergo periodic ophthalmological examination for the evaluation of other hereditary eye diseases. The prevalence of retinal lesions in Polish Hunting Dogs requires further research.
A qualitative study to understand drivers of psychoactive substance use among Nepalese youth
Authors: Bhandari Tulsi Ram , Khatiwada Bhushan , Rajbhandari Bibika , Bestman Amy , Mistry Sabuj Kanti , Rayamajhee Binod , Rawal Lal B. , Yadav Uday Narayan
Published: November 2021

Background

Psychoactive substance use among youth is an emerging public health issue in Nepal. This exploratory study aimed to better understand the drivers of psychoactive substance use among Nepalese youth in Rupandehi district of Nepal.

Materials and methods

This study used a qualitative approach for data collection. Both in-depth interviews (IDI, seven participants) and focus group discussions (FGD, 13 participants) were conducted among study participants who self-reported as psychoactive substance users or had history of psychoactive substance use. Participants for IDI were aged between 11 and 24 years and between 18 and 35 years old for FGDs. Semi-structured interview guides were prepared separately for IDIs and FDGs. Interviews were conducted in Nepali language and were audio recorded, which were there transcribed and translated into English for coding and analyses. In addition, interviews notes were taken by two research assistants. An inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results

This study identified a range of drivers of psychoactive substances use among Nepalese youths. Themes included (i) socio-cultural factors, (ii) individual factors, (iii) academic environment, (iv) physical environment and the (v) influence of media. The socio-cultural factors were categorized into sub-themes of family relationships, ethnic identity and psychoactive substance use and lack of social acceptance. Individual factors included peer pressure, stress relief and coping with financial challenges. Accessibility and availability of psychoactive substances in the surrounding environment and lack of monitoring and reinforcement of rules/ law and regulations were other drivers to psychoactive substance use among this Nepalese youth cohort.

Conclusion

Our study identified several important drivers of psychoactive substance use among youth in the Rupandehi district of Nepal. Future works are anticipated to further explore youth initiation and use of psychoactive substances and support the design of interventions that address these risk factors to reduce and prevent subsequent harms.
Leadership development among public health officials in Nepal: A grounded theory
Authors: Subedi Sudarshan , MacDougall Colin , McNaughton Darlene , Saikia Udoy , Brabazon Tara
Published: November 2021

Leadership in public health is necessary, relevant, and important as it enables the engagement, management, and transformation of complex public health challenges at a national level, as well as collaborating with internal stakeholders to address global public health threats. The research literature recommends exploring the journey of public health leaders and the factors influencing leadership development, especially in developing countries. Thus, we aimed to develop a grounded theory on individual leadership development in the Nepalese context. For this, we adopted constructivist grounded theory, and conducted 46 intensive interviews with 22 public health officials working under the Ministry of Health, Nepal. Data were analysed by adopting the principles of Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory. The theory developed from this study illustrates four phases of leadership development within an individual–initiation, identification, development, and expansion. The ’initial phase’ is about an individual’s wishes to be a leader without a formal role or acknowledgement, where family environment, social environment and individual characteristics play a role in influencing the actualisation of leadership behaviours. The ’identification phase’ involves being identified as a public health official after having formal position in health-related organisations. The ’development’ phase is about developing core leadership capabilities mostly through exposure and experiences. The ’expansion’ phase describes expanding leadership capabilities and recognition mostly by continuous self-directed learning. The grounded theory provides insights into the meaning and actions of participants’ professional experiences and highlighted the role of individual characteristics, family and socio-cultural environment, and workplace settings in the development of leadership capabilities. It has implications for academia to fulfill the absence of leadership theory in public health and is significant to fulfill the need of leadership models grounded in the local context of Asian countries.
Occurrence of mesocarnivores in montane sky islands: How spatial and temporal overlap informs rabies management in a regional hotspot
Authors: Veals Amanda M. , Koprowski John L. , Bergman David L. , VerCauteren Kurt C. , Wester David B.
Published: November 2021

Interspecific interactions among mesocarnivores can influence community dynamics and resource partitioning. Insights into these interactions can enhance understanding of local ecological processes that have impacts on pathogen transmission, such as the rabies lyssavirus. Host species ecology can provide an important baseline for disease management strategies especially in biologically diverse ecosystems and heterogeneous landscapes. We used a mesocarnivore guild native to the southwestern United States, a regional rabies hotspot, that are prone to rabies outbreaks as our study system. Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and coyotes (Canis latrans) share large portions of their geographic ranges and can compete for resources, occupy similar niches, and influence population dynamics of each other. We deployed 80 cameras across two mountain ranges in Arizona, stratified by vegetation type. We used two-stage modeling to gain insight into species occurrence and co-occurrence patterns. There was strong evidence for the effects of elevation, season, and temperature impacting detection probability of all four species, with understory height and canopy cover also influencing gray foxes and skunks. For all four mesocarnivores, a second stage multi-species co-occurrence model better explained patterns of detection than the single-species occurrence model. These four species are influencing the space use of each other and are likely competing for resources seasonally. We did not observe spatial partitioning between these competitors, likely due to an abundance of cover and food resources in the biologically diverse system we studied. From our results we can draw inferences on community dynamics to inform rabies management in a regional hotspot. Understanding environmental factors in disease hotspots can provide useful information to develop more reliable early-warning systems for viral outbreaks. We recommend that disease management focus on delivering oral vaccine baits onto the landscape when natural food resources are less abundant, specifically during the two drier seasons in Arizona (pre-monsoon spring and autumn) to maximize intake by all mesocarnivores.
Internet addiction and sleep quality among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Malik Najma Iqbal , Ullah Irfan , Khan Hamza Rafique , Perveen Shahida , Ramalho Rodrigo , Siddiqi Ahsun Rizwan , Waheed Summaiya , Shalaby Mahmoud Mohamed Mohamed , De Berardis Domenico , Jain Samiksha , Vetrivendan Gautham Lakshmipriya , Chatterjee Harshita , Gopar Franco William Xochitun , Shafiq Muhammad Ahsan , Fatima Naira Taiba , Abeysekera Maria , Sayyeda Qudsia , Shamat Shamat Fathi , Aiman Wajeeha , Akhtar Qirat , Devi Arooj , Aftab Anam , Shoib Sheikh , Lin Chung-Ying , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: November 2021

Background

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of many people, including medical students. The present study explored internet addiction and changes in sleep patterns among medical students during the pandemic and assessed the relationship between them.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out in seven countries, the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Guyana, India, Mexico, Pakistan, and Sudan, using a convenience sampling technique, an online survey comprising demographic details, information regarding COVID-19, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT).

Results

In total, 2749 participants completed the questionnaire. Of the total, 67.6% scored above 30 in the IAT, suggesting the presence of an Internet addiction, and 73.5% scored equal and above 5 in the PSQI, suggesting poor sleep quality. Internet addiction was found to be significant predictors of poor sleep quality, causing 13.2% of the variance in poor sleep quality. Participants who reported COVID-19 related symptoms had disturbed sleep and higher internet addiction levels when compared with those who did not. Participants who reported a diagnosis of COVID-19 reported poor sleep quality. Those living with a COVID-19 diagnosed patient reported higher internet addiction and worse sleep quality compared with those who did not have any COVID-19 patients in their surroundings.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that internet addiction and poor sleep quality are two issues that require addressing amongst medical students. Medical training institutions should do their best to minimize their negative impact, particularly during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Effects of intracranial atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation on the prognosis of ischemic stroke with active cancer
Authors: Nam Ki-Woong , Kwon Hyung-Min , Lee Yong-Seok
Published: November 2021

Background

In ischemic stroke patients with active cancer, cryptogenic stroke has worse prognosis than stroke by conventional mechanisms. However, the individual effects of intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) or atrial fibrillation (AF) on the prognosis of these patients have not been studied.

Aims

Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of ICAS and AF on the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients with active cancer.

Methods

We included ischemic stroke patients with active cancer between 2010 and 2020. Early neurological deterioration (END) was defined as an increase of ≥ 1 in the motor NIHSS score, or ≥ 2 in the total NIHSS score within 72 hours of admission. Unfavorable outcomes were defined as a score of ≥ 3 on the 3-month modified Rankin Scale.

Results

In total, 116 ischemic stroke patients with active cancer were evaluated. In multivariable analysis, ICAS was positively associated with END (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52–13.70), and this association showed a quantitative relationship according to the degree of stenosis of ICAS (stenosis group: aOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.31–13.72; occlusion group, aOR = 5.74, 95% CI: 1.05–31.30). ICAS was also closely related to unfavorable outcomes (aOR = 6.33, 95% CI: 1.15–34.79). In contrast, AF showed no significant association with END or unfavorable outcomes. Our data showed that patients with ICAS had larger and more severe initial stroke lesions, and poorer prognosis than those without.

Conclusions

ICAS, but not AF, was closely associated with poor prognosis in ischemic stroke patients with active cancer.
(Re:) Claiming Ballet
Authors: Akinleye Adesola
Published: November 2021

This anthology explores alternative and parallel influences that shape the culture of ballet. The ‘we’ of ballet is complex, encompassing individuals and communities, often marginalized, who contribute to discourses about ballet beyond the mainstream White, patriarchal, Eurocentric, heterosexual constructs of gender, race and class.
Sharing food, vulnerability and intimacy in a global pandemic: The digital art of the Chinese diaspora in Europe
Authors: Bao Hongwei
Published: November 2021

This article examines the digital artworks created by three Chinese diaspora artists based in Europe: Berlin-based queer filmmaker Fan Popo’s short digital video Lerne Deutsch in meiner Küche (‘Learn German in my kitchen’), London-based performance artist Zeng Burong’s performance Non-Taster and London-based writer David K. S. Tse’s digital radio play The C Word. All three artworks were created in 2020 during the pandemic and all deal explicitly with the issues of anti-Asian racism and cross-cultural understanding. All these artworks also engage with issues of food and culinary practices. Through an analysis of the three artworks, I suggest that making digital art about food can serve as a creative and culturally sensitive strategy to engage with pandemic politics. Indeed, in an era of rising nationalism and international antagonism, diasporic Chinese artists have turned to seemingly mundane, apolitical and non-confrontational ways such as creating digital artworks about food to engage with the public about important social and political issues. This functions as a creative and culturally sensitive strategy to conduct social and political activism and to enhance cross-cultural understanding. It also showcases the political potential and social relevance of digital art for a pandemic and even a post-pandemic world.
Lesbians on Television: New Queer Visibility and the Lesbian Normal, Kate McNicholas Smith (2020)
Authors: Horvat Anamarija
Published: November 2021

Review of: Lesbians on Television: New Queer Visibility and the Lesbian Normal, Kate McNicholas Smith (2020)

Bristol: Intellect Books, 206 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78938-280-8, h/bk, £80
Del mito gaucho al mito peronista: la decadencia del cine criollista en La cabalgata del circo (Soffici 1945)
Authors: Suárez Nicolás
Published: November 2021

The article explores the decline of Criollista cinema during early Peronism, based on the study of Mario film La cabalgata del circo/Circus Cavalcade and the political circumstances around it, including Eva Duarte’s performance, the violent incidents during the premiere and the role of the censorship. The central hypothesis is that the film inaugurates a kind of symbolic relay: Peronism appropriates nineteenth-century emblems such as the gaucho myth or the romantic woman, and incorporates them into the emerging Peronist myth. This gives the Criollista cinema of the time the tone of a retreating criollismo, which is articulated as a second degree nostalgia: if criollismo was always marked by nostalgia for a pre-modern golden age, La cabalgata del circo reveals a nostalgia for that nostalgia, given that it is not only a Criollista story but also a history of criollismo. The research is based on the analysis of the film, its links with the historical-political context and the way it adapts the Criollista novel Juan Cuello, written by Eduardo Gutiérrez in 1880.