bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revolutionary Songs from Myanmar: Reconsidering Scholarly Perspectives on Protest Music
Authors: MacLachlan Heather
Published: February 2023

Since the February 1, 2021 military coup in Myanmar, Burmese musicians have been creating and circulating anti-coup songs, which are usually called “revolutionary songs.” This article describes a representative sample of these songs, explaining how the lyrics reference important tropes in Burmese life and history. Further, the article argues that these revolutionary songs, while they can be understood as protest music, do not fit precisely into categories previously delineated for protest songs. Nor do these songs provide a neat answer to the question that scholars so often pose of protest music, to wit: do these songs work to persuade listeners to take an anti-authoritarian position? Depending on ethnographic findings derived from interviews with musicians, disseminators and listeners, I argue that Burmese revolutionary songs are intended to support those already involved in resisting the military regime. The songs’ reception is complicated, suggesting that scholars must be cautious about making liberatory claims for protest music, even in cases such as this, where the lyrics of the songs are unambiguous and well-understood by listeners.
Patient’s knowledge, gender, and physical activity level as the predictors of self-care in heart failure patients
Authors: Lukitasari Mifetika , Nafista Ulfia Fitriani
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Self-care management is the fundamental approach for Heart Failure (HF) management and is influenced by patient ability in preventing rehospitalization, mortality, and morbidity. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the predictors of a patient’s ability in HF self-care management. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 96 patients with HF. The data were collected through interviews using questionnaires on demographic characteristics, physical activity (IPAQ), knowledge (Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Score), and self-care management (Self Care Heart Failure Index). Subsequently, the data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis, and the best fit model for predicting self-care management in HF patients was generated. Results: The proportion of samples was 56.3% female, with mostly primary school (50%) as their education level. Furthermore, the proportion of patients with adequate HF self-care management was only 21% of the total participant. Based on the results, the patient’s physical activity level, HF knowledge, and gender were verified as a predictor of self-care management. Conclusions: The HF knowledge level, physical activity level, and gender were the predictors of HF self-care management.
Relationship between postural stability and fall risk in young adult after lower limb muscle fatigue
Authors: Safee Mohd Khairuddin Mohd , Osman Noor Azuan Abu
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Muscle fatigue can reduce body balance and activity of daily living tasks. Therefore, this study aims to identify the correlation between postural stability and fall risk due to muscle fatigue. The components in postural stability include Overall Stability Index (OSI), Anterior-Posterior Stability Index (APSI), and Mediolateral Stability Index (MLSI).

Design and Methods: A total of seven healthy adults aged 31.1±7.4 years were recruited in this study. The sit-to-stand (STS) protocol was used to induce lower limb muscle fatigue, while postural stability and fall risk were assessed using the Biodex Balance System (BBS) before and after muscle fatigue.

Result: The result showed a significant increase in postural stability index after fatigue only for OSI with p<0.05, while no significant difference was found on APSI and MLSI with p=0.157 and p=0.109 respectively. However, the mean score for the postural stability index showed an increase in percentage with 47.8% in OSI, 26.3% in APSI and 46.8% in MLSI.  Furthermore,fall risk showed no significant differences with p=0.149, but the mean score data increased by 16.7% after fatigue. The correlation between fall risk and OSI was significant with p<0.05, while MLSI had a significant negative correlation with APSI (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Based on the results, the young adults had reduced overall postural stability but were less affected by fall risk after muscle fatigue. The positive correlation between OSI and fall risk indicated that their overall postural stability can induce the fall risk after muscle fatigue. Therefore, young adults need to be aware of their fatigue symptoms during prolonged exercise that can increase fall risk potential.
A societal adaptation model as a novel approach toward the recovery of people with schizophrenia
Authors: Lestari Retno , Yusuf Ah , Setyawan Febri Endra Budi , Ahsan Ahsan , Hargono Rachmat
Published: February 2023

Introduction: People with severe mental disorders strain those involved, including families, societies, entire communities, and the government, due to decreased productivity. Understanding the roles to be played in caring for such people necessitates a societal adaptation process. Good adaptations boost societal resilience by caring for severe mental disorder sufferers. Therefore, this study aimed to create a societal adaptation model that would increase societal resilience in the care of people with schizophrenia. Design and Methods: An observational analytic approach was applied with 205 society members living in the working area of the Community Integrated Health Center in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, several questionnaires were employed and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: According to the results, social adaptation was a significant indicator of societal adaptation. It was discovered that coping strategies influenced adaptation (p=0.007), society problem appraisal influenced coping strategies (p=0.000), and social support (p=0.005), while societal adaptation influenced societal resilience (p=0.022). The novelty of this study is that the societal adaptation model increases societal resilience in caring for people with schizophrenia, leading to a more adaptive community by increasing social capital. Conclusions: In conclusion, the adaptation model improves societal resilience by increasing social capital and stigma prevention, thereby promoting participation in the sufferers’ recovery process.
Mother’s knowledge as a dominant factor for the success of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia
Authors: Kapti Rinik Eko , Arief Yuni Sufyanti , Azizah Nurona
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the important indicators in achieving nutritional problems in children. Unfortunately, only 1 in 2 babies are exclusively breastfed in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the country.

Design and Methods: Data were obtained from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), by using a cross-sectional design involving a total of 2,217 mothers. The independent variables include weaning food, knowledge, labor difficulties, postpartum visits, number of children, marital status, sex of children, and low birth weight (LBW), while the dependent variable include exclusive breastfeeding. Subsequently, chi-square test and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the related factors.

Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia was 36.5%. Bivariate analysis showed that the variables associated with exclusive breastfeeding were weaning feeding, knowledge, low birth weight, and difficulty in labor with p-values of 0.005, 0.000, 0.040, and 0.005, respectively. The most dominant variable for exclusive breastfeeding behavior is knowledge with a value of OR = 1.85.

Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between knowledge of mothers, weaning food, and low birth weight with exclusive breastfeeding behavior. Meanwhile, the main determinant among the variables is mother's knowledge. Therefore, health workers and community service cadres need to provide counseling about health, assistance, and motivation to mothers, thereby they will be able to properly provide exclusive breastfeeding.
Brassica oleracea var. italica extract reducing free radicals and inflammation initiated by an exposure to cigarette smoke
Authors: Suryadinata Rivan Virlando , Aditya Dwi Martha Nur , Wiana Viera Permatasari , Rahman Diana
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Herbal extracts are often administered to cigarette smokers to prevent excessive free radicals. These include Brassica oleracea var. Italica, known to contain high antioxidant flavonoids and selenium micronutrients. Therefore, this study aims to determine the efficacy of Brassica oleracea var extract. italica in reducing the free radicals and inflammation present in experimental animals exposed to cigarette smoke.

Design and Methods: This research was conducted based on an experimental method using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) for 21 days. The animals used were divided into six groups (negative control, positive control, and four treatments). Particularly, the positive control and treatment groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 minutes, twice a day, at 50 PPM CO levels. The treatment groups were administered the extract at different doses (0.5 ml; 0.75 ml; 1 ml; 1.25 ml), before assessing the blood level of malondialdehyde and C-Reactive Protein.

Result: The results showed the tendency for exposure to smoke to increase the number of free radicals and stimulate inflammation responses in the body (P<0,05). In addition, a strong correlation between variables was established (p=0.000; r=0.713).

Conclusions: Broccoli extracts (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) administration has the potential to cause a decline in the two aspects, including free radicals and inflammation responses resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke.
The correlation between family support and health status in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Setyoadi Setyoadi , Yusuf Ah , Kristianingrum Niko Dima , Hayati Yati Sri , Noviyanti Linda Wieke , Syafiky Nurmalia Filda
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The health status of a patient is strongly influenced by the family members because they play an important role during the health care process, and in healthy living. This implies that they must be involved in decision-making and therapeutic actions at every stage of the treatment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between family support and the health status of diabetes mellitus patients in Malang.

Design and Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational design with a cross-sectional approach, which was carried out by filling questionnaires to determine the relationship between family support and the health status of diabetes mellitus patients. The sample population consists of 327 diabetes mellitus patients and 327 family caregivers of patients with the disease. Meanwhile, the respondents were selected through a cluster random sampling technique.

Results: The results showed that 62.7% of the caregivers provided a good family support, while 90.8% of the patients have a good health status. This indicates that there is a positive correlation between family support and the health status of people with the disease (p-value= 0,000, α<0.05, r= 0,400).

Conclusions: Further studies are advised to explore the use of nursing interventions as an effort to maintain and improve the ability of families in providing long-term care for members with diabetes mellitus.
Efficacy and Safety of Enavogliflozin versus Dapagliflozin as Add-on to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 24-Week, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial
Authors: Han Kyung Ah , Kim Yong Hyun , Kim Doo Man , Lee Byung Wan , Chon Suk , Sohn Tae Seo , Jeong In Kyung , Hong Eun-Gyoung , Son Jang Won , Nah Jae Jin , Song Hwa Rang , Cho Seong In , Cho Seung-Ah , Yoon Kun Ho
Published: February 2023

Background: Enavogliflozin is a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor currently under clinical development. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin as an add-on to metformin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) against dapagliflozin.Methods: In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 study, 200 patients were randomized to receive enavogliflozin 0.3 mg/day (n=101) or dapagliflozin 10 mg/day (n=99) in addition to ongoing metformin therapy for 24 weeks. The primary objective of the study was to prove the non-inferiority of enavogliflozin to dapagliflozin in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) change at week 24 (non-inferiority margin of 0.35%) (Clinical trial registration number: NCT04634500).Results: Adjusted mean change of HbA1c at week 24 was –0.80% with enavogliflozin and –0.75% with dapagliflozin (difference, –0.04%; 95% confidence interval, –0.21% to 0.12%). Percentages of patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% were 61% and 62%, respectively. Adjusted mean change of fasting plasma glucose at week 24 was –32.53 and –29.14 mg/dL. An increase in urine glucose-creatinine ratio (60.48 vs. 44.94, P<0.0001) and decrease in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (–1.85 vs. –1.31, P=0.0041) were significantly greater with enavogliflozin than dapagliflozin at week 24. Beneficial effects of enavogliflozin on body weight (–3.77 kg vs. –3.58 kg) and blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, –5.93/–5.41 mm Hg vs. –6.57/–4.26 mm Hg) were comparable with those of dapagliflozin, and both drugs were safe and well-tolerated.Conclusion: Enavogliflozin added to metformin significantly improved glycemic control in patients with T2DM and was non-inferior to dapagliflozin 10 mg, suggesting enavogliflozin as a viable treatment option for patients with inadequate glycemic control on metformin alone.
Communicating Risk
Authors: Chahar Puneet , Karnani Manasi , Mohanty Vikrant R.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Tobacco is a public health problem with both health and economic consequences. Pictorial health warning (PHW) under cigarettes and other tobacco products Act, May 2003 (COTPA), offers advantages of being more universally available, low cost, and high exposure. The current study aims to assess compliance of smoking and smokeless tobacco products to Section 7, 8, and 9 of COTPA Amendment Rules 2015.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of New Delhi during November–December. 2017. All nine districts were included in the study and in each districts, three public places, a Metro station, a hospital, and a public park, were randomly chosen for tobacco products collection. A standardized protocol was implemented for acquiring tobacco products from these 27 diverse points. Data collected were entered into MS Excel to make digital spreadsheets and were analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results:

Among 98 tobacco products, 57 (58%) and 41 (42%) were smoke form and smokeless form, respectively. Foreign Cigarette Brands and Beedi showed the least compliance followed by khaini and Gutkha. PHW was absent on 12 products (8 foreign brands of smoking type and 4 smokeless type). 42.8% (n = 42) of packaging was found to contain promotional inserts, while just 20.4% (n = 20) of the total sample size contained the presence of legislative information.

Conclusions:

Foreign brands and locally manufactured products (Beedi and Khaini) showed low compliance to new amendments of COTPA. Along with this, the presence of promotional inserts on tobacco packaging might be another issue to be dealt with in the future.
Fluoride Concentration in Saliva following Professional Topical Application of 2% Sodium Fluoride Solution
Authors: Talwar Manjit , Tewari Amrit , Chawla H. S. , Sachdev Vinod , Sharma Suresh
Published: February 2023

Background:

Topical fluoride application in moderate and high-risk individuals and in those living in low-fluoride communities has been a common practice by dental professionals.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to assess fluoride concentration available in saliva after a professional 2% sodium fluoride solution application (9000 ppm), and the duration of its availability to have an evidence-based practice for application.

Materials and Methods:

Two percent sodium fluoride application was carried out in 45 participants residing in a boarding school. The participants were non tea drinkers and nonfluoride users. Water fluoride of the area ranged from 0.34 ppm to 0.38 ppm. Whole mixed saliva samples were collected at baseline and various time intervals postapplication of 2% sodium fluoride solution. Fluoride in saliva was estimated using the fluoride combination electrode (Orion model 94–09, 96–09) coupled to an ionanalyzer.

Results:

IBM SPSS statistics version 23.0 was used for the analysis. Normality of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and box plot, and it was found to be nonnormal. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare all time intervals with baseline, and statistically significant differences were observed (P = 0.0001). Salivary fluoride according to this study showed a biphasic clearance pattern with a peak at 15 min and a rapid fall in 60 min followed by a slow, consistent decline over a 20-h period. The fluoride concentration in saliva remained elevated above baseline from 0.03 ppm to 0.076 ppm even 3 months after application.

Conclusion:

Findings of this study show that, in this population, the frequency of application should be between 2 and 3 months (four applications per year).
Correlation of Mother and Child‘s Taste Perception and their Caries Experience
Authors: Abhiram K. , Sai Sankar A. J. , Sridevi E. , Sridhar M. , Pranitha K. , Aruna D.
Published: February 2023

Aim and Background:

Nowadays, clinical assessment of caries susceptibility is evaluated by the individuals taste perception. As food habits of the child are mostly influenced by the parents (mothers), it would be beneficial to assess the relation between mother and child's taste status and their caries experience to predict the caries susceptibility of the child.

Methodology:

A convenience sample of 310 mother–child dyads of both the sexes were selected. After obtaining the data on the taste preferences, dietary habits, and oral hygiene practices, caries experience of both the mother and child were recorded using the DMFT and defs indices, followed by the taste assessment using 6-n propylthiouracil (PROP) tester strips.

Results:

Irrespective of the taste status, the majority of the mother and child dyads showed preference to sweet foods. A statistically significant relationship between taste status and caries experience was noticed among mothers and children individually. However, there was no significant association between mother and child taste status. Whereas, a weak-positive correlation is observed between the mother and child's caries experience. The children of supertaster mothers have relatively less caries experience compared to children of moderate and nontaster mothers, which was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Mother's taste perception or caries experience may not always be a risk predictor for their child's caries experience, but the PROP tester strips were very effective in predicting the caries risk of an individual.
Effect of Dentifrice Containing Crab-Shell Chitosan on the Accumulation of Dental Plaque in Fixed Orthodontic Appliances Patients
Authors: Heryumani Sulandjari J. C. P. , Chairunnisa Afina Zahra , Alhasyimi Ananto Ali
Published: February 2023

Background:

Patients with fixed orthodontic encounter problems in cleaning their teeth and mouths. Dental plaque tends to accumulate on wires, brackets, and surfaces between bonding materials and brackets. Plaque accumulation increases the risks of decalcification, caries, and gingivitis. Chitosan extract is a potential antibacterial agent and inhibitor of dental plaque formation. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of chitosan-containing dentifrice in decreasing plaque accumulation in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study which involved 32 samples (randomly allocated to the control and chitosan groups, after the power of the study was considered) from patients with orthodontic appliances undergoing the last stage of fixed active orthodontic treatment. Plaque accumulation before and after dentifrice use was measured using a plaque index according to O'leary, before and after using toothpaste within 5 days. The patients were instructed to brushing with chitosan-containing dentifrice and chitosan-free dentifrice as a control. Washout period that needed between brushing with chitosan-containing dentifrice and chitosan-free dentifrice as a control was 7 days. Each mouthwash used routinely for 5 days with the same duration and intensity. The data obtained was then analyzed with one-way analysis of variance followed bypost hocleast significant difference. The level of significance was set as 0.05.

Results:

Plaque accumulation before and after dentifrice use significantly differed (P< 05) between the control and chitosan groups. The average reductions in plaque accumulation were greater in the chitosan group and control group brushing using chitosan-containing dentifrice.

Conclusion:

Dentifrice-containing chitosan more effectively reduces dental plaque accumulation in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances than dentifrice without chitosan.
Feeding Difficulty in an Infant with Stickler‘s Syndrome
Authors: Vijay Parvathy , Kumaran Parvathy , Xavier Arun Mamachan , Varma R. Balagopal , Kumar J. Suresh
Published: February 2023

Stickler syndrome or hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by ocular manifestations, arthritic changes, orofacial features, and deafness, in variable degrees. This is a case report of a 48-day-old infant who presented with severe feeding difficulty. It also details the clinical, diagnostic features, and management of an infant with Stickler syndrome.
Effect of Indigenously Developed Nano-Hydroxyapatite Crystals from Chicken Egg Shell on the Surface Hardness of Bleached Human Enamel
Authors: Kunam Divya , Sampath Vidhya , Manimaran Sujatha , Sekar Mahalaxmi
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The objective was to evaluate the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) derived from chicken eggshell on bleached human enamel in comparison with commercial casein phophopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste using Vickers microhardness test.

Materials and Methods:

nHA powder was prepared from chicken eggshell using combustion method. nHA slurry was prepared by mixing 1.8 g of nHA powder with 0.3 ml of distilled water. Forty intact maxillary anterior teeth were collected and decoronated, and the crowns were embedded in acrylic mold with the labial enamel surfaces exposed. Baseline microhardness evaluation was done (T0). The specimens were randomly divided into the following four groups (n = 10) based on the surface treatment of enamel: Group 1: no bleaching treatment; Group 2: bleaching with 30% hydrogen peroxide (HP) solution; Group 3: bleaching followed by the application of CPP-ACP; and Group 4: bleaching followed by the application of nHA. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 2 weeks, after which they were subjected to Vickers microhardness test (T14). One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05).

Results:

Bleaching with HP significantly decreased the enamel microhardness. CPP-ACP and nHA derived from chicken eggshell increased the enamel microhardness significantly. There was no significant difference in microhardness values among the CPP-ACP and nHA groups.

Conclusion:

Nano-hydroxyapatite sourced from chicken eggshell was as effective as CPP-ACP in remineralizing and restoring the lost microhardness of bleached enamel.
Complications Associated with Cervical Cerclage
Authors: Alani Sanah , Wang Jessica , Suarthana Eva , Tulandi Togas
Published: February 2023

Cervical cerclages are associated with improved live birth rates and have low short- and long-term risks. However, there have been reports of fistula formation or erosion of cerclage into the surrounding tissue. Those complications are uncommon and yet are serious. The risk factors associated with its development are still unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the incidence of fistula formation or erosion following transvaginal cervical cerclage and the associated clinical and sociodemographic factors. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases to retrieve articles related to transvaginal or transabdominal cervical cerclage. Databases were searched up to July 2021. The study protocol was registered (PROSPERO ID 243542). A total of 82 articles were identified describing cervical cerclage and erosion or fistula formation. A total of 9 full-text articles were included. There were seven case reports and series that described 11 patients who experienced late complications following cervical cerclage. Many of the cerclage procedures were done electively (66.7%). The most common type of cerclage was McDonald (80%). While all cases reported fistula formation, the main location was vesicovaginal fistulas (63.6%). One patient (9.1%) had erosion of their cerclage and another (9.1%) had bladder calculi. Of 75 patients who underwent cerclage in two retrospective case reviews, the overall incidence of fistula was 1.3% and abscess was also 1.3%. Although rare, the most common long-term complication of cervical cerclage placement is fistula formation, particularly vesicovaginal fistulas.
Role of gabapentinoids in post-operative pain management in thoracic surgeries: A single-centre propensity score-matched audit
Authors: Karkhanis Dhanashri R. , Bakshi Sumitra G. , Divatia Jigeeshu V. , Kannan Sadhana
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims:

The analgesic role of gabapentinoids following thoracic surgeries is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the benefits of gabapentinoids for pain management in patients undergoing thoracic onco-surgery in terms of opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) sparing effect. We also compared pain scores (PSs), number of days of active surveillance by the acute pain service team, and side effects associated with gabapentinoids.

Methods:

After ethics-committee approval, data were retrieved retrospectively from clinical sheets, an electronic database, and nurses’ charts from a tertiary cancer care hospital. Propensity score matching was performed for six covariates, that is, age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists grading, surgical approach, analgesia modality, and worst PS in the first 24 hours performed. A total of 272 patients were grouped into group N (not given gabapentinoids, n = 174) and group Y (given, n = 98).

Results:

The median opioid consumption in terms of fentanyl equivalent by group N was 800 µg [inter-quartile range (IQR): 280–900], and the median opioid consumption by group Y was 400 µg (IQR: 100–690) (p = 0.001). The median number of rescue doses of NSAIDs administered to group N was 8 (IQR = 4–10), and the median number of rescue doses to group Y was 3 (IQR = 2–5) (p = 0.001). No difference was found in subsequent PS and for the number of days under acute pain service surveillance for either group. Group Y had an increased incidence of giddiness compared to group N (p = 0.006), with a relative reduction in post-operative nausea and vomiting scores (p = 0.32).

Conclusion:

Gabapentinoids used following thoracic onco-surgeries result in a significant reduction in concomitant use of NSAIDs and opioids. There is an increased incidence of dizziness with the use of these drugs.
Comparison of the effects of intravenous lignocaine and ketamine on postoperative pain after lower abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia
Authors: Singariya Geeta , Sharma Jyoti , Kumari Kamlesh , Kamal Manoj , Khatri Chanda , Selvin Caren Candace
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims:

As a component of multimodal analgesia, the administration of systemic lignocaine and ketamine is a well-known technique. This study was designed to compare the effect of intravenous lignocaine and ketamine on postoperative pain in the patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia.

Methods:

Total 126 patients, aged between18 to 60 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, were randomly allocated into lignocaine (Group L), ketamine (Group K), or control (Group C). We assessed the mean fentanyl consumption 24 hours postoperatively, visual analogue score (VAS), time to first rescue analgesia, haemodynamic parameters, postoperative complications patient satisfaction score, and duration of hospital stay among three groups.

Results:

The mean fentanyl consumption in first 24 hours postoperatively was higher in group C (194.65 ± 48.48 μg) compared to group L (139.69 ± 46.96 μg) and group K (161.37 ± 46.31 μg) (P < 0.05). The VAS pain scores were lower in group L and group K compared to group C (P < 0.05). The time to first rescue analgesia was prolonged in group L and group K as compared to group C (P < 0.05). The patients were more satisfied in group L and group K as compared to group C (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The mean fentanyl consumption in 24 hours postoperatively and pain intensity were less with intraoperative lignocaine and ketamine infusion with improved patient satisfaction in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia.
Major complications following central neuraxial block – A multi-centre observational study in Maharashtra (MGMM CNB Study)
Authors: Kulkarni Sadhana S. , Tayade Deepak N. , Kane Pratibha P. , Bhingarde Kiran R. , Jain Paramanand N. , Futane Savani S. , Kelkar Vasanti P. , Parchandekar Mukund K. , Kulkarni Jyoti V. , Prabhu Santosh K. , Kaddu Anjali S. , Bhosle Deepak S. , Deshpande Rajas K. , Deshpande Archana S. , Shetkar Shubhangi V. , Nayak Prabha P. , Gunjale Yashoda S. , Dhulkhed Pavan V. , Kanase Naseema V. , Deshmukh Prakash R.
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims:

Major complications of central neuraxial block (CNB) are rare and their incidence in India is not known. This information is essential for explaining risk and medico-legal concerns. The present multi-centre study in Maharashtra was conducted to provide insight into the characteristics of rare complications following this popular anaesthetic technique.

Methods:

Data were collected from 141 institutes to study the clinical profile of CNB. Incidence of complications like vertebral canal haematoma, abscess, meningitis, nerve injury, spinal cord ischaemia, fatal cardiovascular collapse, and drug errors was collected over one year. Complications were reviewed by audit committee to assess causation, severity, and outcome. ‘Permanent’ injury was defined as death or neurological symptoms persisting for more than six months.

Results:

Spinal anaesthesia (SA) was the most frequently used CNB in 88.76% patients. Bupivacaine and an adjuvant were used in 92.90% and 26.06% patients, respectively. Eight major complications (four neurological and four cardiac arrests) were reported in patients receiving SA. In seven of eight instances, SA was responsible or contributory for complication. The pessimistic incidence of complications (included cases where CNB was responsible; contribution was likely, unlikely and could not be commented) was 8.69/lakh and optimistic incidence (included cases where CNB was responsible or contribution was likely) was 7.61/lakh. ‘Pessimistically’ and ‘optimistically’ there were three deaths including one death due to quadriplegia following epidural haematoma after SA. Five out of eight patients recovered completely (62.5%). As only eight patients had complications of different types, it was difficult to establish statistical correlation of major complications with demographic or clinical parameters.

Conclusion:

This study was reassuring and suggested that the incidence of major complications following CNB was low in Maharashtra.
Modified All-Arthroscopic Metal-Free Latarjet with Cerclage Tape for Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation with Critical Glenoid Bone Loss: Technical Note
Authors: Nair Ayyappan V. , Mohan Pramod Kumar , Jangale Ajit , Uppaluri Pavan Krishna , Kareemulla Syed
Published: February 2023

Latarjet procedure involving coracoid bone transfer has been the preferred method of treatment for anterior shoulder instability with critical glenoid bone loss, failed Bankart repair, severe soft tissue insufficiency, bipolar bone lesions, and young patients involved in contact sports. Screw-related complications were the most common reason for revision surgery following the Latarjet procedure. We describe an all-arthroscopic method of Latarjet procedure with cerclage fiber tape (Arthrex) and a modified technique for performing the procedure in this technical note.
A Rare Cause of Knee Pain and Swelling: Venous Malformation Masquerading as Diffuse Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Authors: Bajaj Jasmine , Shinmar Harjas Singh , O’Connor Philip , Anand Sanjeev
Published: February 2023

This case report recounts the history of a 21-year-old patient who presented with a 19-year history of recurrent unilateral knee pain, swelling, and restricted movement. At age 10, the patient had a diagnostic knee arthroscopy which resulted in a provisional diagnosis of pigmented villonodular synovitis. The patient was treated for this condition for several years through medical and surgical means. Despite treatment, symptoms did not resolve. Only after the case was discussed by the multidisciplinary team was further imaging through ultrasound (US) suggested. A new diagnosis of venous malformation (VM) was made after US, and the patient was treated accordingly. This case report adds to the literature examining intra-articular VMs, the use of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of intra-articular lesions of the knee, and the importance of multidisciplinary discussion in the diagnosis of complex knee pathology.
Sagittal Pelvic Tilt Change after Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Evaluation using Supine Frontal Pelvic Radiographs
Authors: Deep Kamal , Sameer M. Mohamed , Shah Siddharth M.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Pelvic tilt (PT) affects acetabular orientation which in turn influences the outcome after total hip arthroplasty. Calculating sagittal PT using parameter measured on frontal supine pelvic radiograph can increase ease of its recognition, quantification, and potentially predict change.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective study of 80 patients, who underwent unilateral THA for primary osteoarthritis, PT was calculated from standard supine frontal pelvic radiographs preoperatively and its change at 1 year follow-up. This was analyzed and correlated with published literature which utilized standing lateral pelvic radiographs.

Results:

The majority of our patients had change in the PT which correlated well with other studies which use standing lateral radiographs. One-fourth of them had more than 10° change in the PT at 1-year postoperative.

Conclusion:

The technique is easy and reproducible. Larger studies are needed to analyze the subgroups, especially “supertilters” and prescribe tilt correction.
Supplementary Fixation of Hamstring Tendon Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Tibial Side with Intraosseous Tunnel: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Jaidev Kailash P. Dev , Bhaskarwar Ajit , Singh Chander Mohan
Published: February 2023

Objective:

To find and evaluate the results of a cost-effective technique for supplementary tibial side fixation of hamstring graft without complications which are usually associated with the use of hardware (staples, suture disc, suture post, etc.).

Materials and Methods:

A study was done on 20 young high demand male patients (military soldiers) at our hospital from December 2018 to July 2020 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All patients underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction ± meniscus repair/balancing and supplementary fixation of hamstring graft on tibial side via intraosseous tunnel by a single surgeon. Subjects were followed up to 1 year for ligament laxity via anterior drawer test/Lachman test, Lysholm knee score and visual analog score (VAS). Average time of surgery and complications if any were noted.

Results:

Out of 20 patients 18 had a mean Lysholm score of 95.6 and VAS was 0 in all patients by the end of 48 weeks. Two patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with meniscus repair (outside-in technique) had a score of <90 at the end of 48 weeks. None of the patients had ligament laxity, tunnel blowout.

Conclusion:

Study concluded that intraosseous tibial side supplementary fixation of hamstring tendon graft when done is a safe, cost-effective procedure and does not have any complications which otherwise are associated with a hardware use.
Quantum error-correcting codes and their geometries
Authors: Ball Simeon , Centelles Aina , Huber Felix
Published: February 2023

This is an expository article aiming to introduce the reader to the underlying mathematics and geometry of quantum error correction. Information stored on quantum particles is subject to noise and interference from the environment. Quantum error-correcting codes allow the negation of these effects in order to successfully restore the original quantum information. We briefly describe the necessary quantum-mechanical background to be able to understand how quantum error correction works. We go on to construct quantum codes: firstly qubit stabilizer codes, then qubit non-stabilizer codes, and finally codes with a higher local dimension. We will delve into the geometry of these codes. This allows one to deduce the parameters of the code efficiently, deduce the inequivalence between codes that have the same parameters, and presents a useful tool in deducing the feasibility of certain parameters. We also include sections on quantum maximum distance separable codes and the quantum MacWilliams identities.
Quantum geometry of Boolean algebras and de Morgan duality
Authors: Majid Shahn
Published: February 2023

We take a fresh look at the geometrization of logic using the recently developed tools of “quantum Riemannian geometry” applied in the digital case over the field

\mathbb{F}_2=\{0,1\}

, extending de Morgan duality to this context of differential forms and connections. The

1

-forms correspond to graphs and the exterior derivative of a subset amounts to the arrows that cross between the set and its complement. The line graph

0-1-2

has a non-flat but Ricci flat quantum Riemannian geometry. The previously known four quantum geometries on the triangle graph, of which one is curved, are revisited in terms of left-invariant differentials, as are the quantum geometries on the dual Hopf algebra, the group algebra of

\mathbb{Z}_3

. For the square, we find a moduli of four quantum Riemannian geometries, all flat, while for an

n

-gon with

n>4

we find a unique one, again flat. We also propose an extension of de Morgan duality to general algebras and differentials over

\mathbb{F}_2

.
Homology of weighted path complexes and directed hypergraphs
Authors: Muranov Yuri , Szczepkowska Anna , Vershinin Vladimir
Published: February 2023

We introduce the weighted path homology on the category of weighted directed hypergraphs and describe conditions of homotopy invariance of weighted path homology groups. We give several examples that explain the nontriviality of the introduced notions.
Hyperelliptic continued fractions in the singular case of genus zero
Authors: Ballini Francesco , Veneziano Francesco
Published: February 2023

Given a polynomial of even degree

D(t)

with complex coefficients, we consider the continued fraction expansion of

\sqrt{D(t)}

. In this setting, it has been shown by Zannier that the sequence of the degrees of the partial quotients of the continued fraction expansion of

\sqrt{D(t)}

is eventually periodic, even when the expansion itself is not. In this article, we work out in detail the case in which the curve

y^2=D(t)

has genus

0

, establishing explicit geometric conditions corresponding to the appearance of partial quotients of certain degrees in the continued fraction expansion. We also show that there are non-trivial polynomials

D(t)

with non-periodic expansions such that infinitely many partial quotients have degree greater than one.
The Influence of Customer Retention Practices on Performance of Micro and Small Agro-processing Enterprises in Tanzania
Authors: Nnko Eliakira
Published: February 2023

Customer retention practices are considered as derivers to accelerate firm performance in highly competitive business environment. However, scanty  literature exists on agro-processing MSEs in developing economies. This study was carried out in Dar es Salaam, Arusha and Morogoro regions to  examine the relationship between customer retention practices and performance of agroprocessing micro and small enterprises (MSEs). The study  employed quantitative research approach and a cross-sectional research design. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select a sample of 302  MSEs. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from these firms. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the  relationship between customer retention practices and firm performance. Firm performance was found to be positive and significantly influenced by  assessment to customers, analysis of competitors, response to customer needs, inter-functional coordination practices and employees behavioural  practices. Business-supplier relational practices posited positive relationship with the firm performance. The findings suggest that customer retention  practices are influential determinants of the performance. This implies that owner-managers of agro-processing MSEs who wish to improve the  performance of their firms should put emphasis on understanding the needs of their customers, analyse the actions and behaviours of competitors,  appropriately coordinate internal functions of their firms and manage employees behaviours towards customers to ensure sufficient response to needs  of the customers, and they should maintain positive relationship with the suppliers of raw materials. Likewise, practitioners and policy makers should  appreciate the role of customer retention practices when designing policies, trainings and support services for MSEs.
Single and Competitive Removal of Pb(II) in the Presence of Ni(II) using Polyacrylamide Grafted Rice Husk
Authors: Sumanjeet Kaur , Neeta Sharma , Manpreet Kaur
Published: February 2023

In a quest to find efficient adsorbents for metal ions, studies on various adsorbents for metals have been of interest since the past several decades. The present study is focused on the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution using poly acrylamide grafted rice husk by batch studies. Industrial waste waters generally contain metals present as mixtures, therefore the effect of Ni (II) on the removal of Pb(II) from mixtures of Pb(II)+Ni(II) ions has also been investigated. The adsorbent has been prepared by the treatment of rice husk with acrylamide in the presence of N,N-methylene bis acrylamide and potassium persulphate. The adsorbent has been characterised by infrared spectral studies. Maximum adsorption obtained is 93% at pH 5, metal ion concentration 300mg/L in 180mins at 298K. Isotherm analyses show that both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models are best obeyed. The process is endothermic and spontaneous in nature and follows pseudo first order kinetics. Intraparticle diffusion also occurs but is not the rate determining step. Application of Langmuir competitive model for the binary system shows that  adsorption of Pb(II) has been supressed by presence of Ni(II) ions. Studies suggest that the adsorbent is effective and can find industrial applicability.
Biodegradation of Wastes using Partially Purified Cellulose-Enzyme from Gut of Oryctes rhinoceros larvae from Rafia Palms in Itokin, Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Apena A. , Fagbohunka B. S. , Adeyemi E. O.
Published: February 2023

Conversion of urban wastes to utilizable sugars is very important as a vital step towards reduction of environmental pollution. Consequently, this work was aimed at obtaining cellulase from the gut of Oryctes rhinoceros larvae from raffia palms in Itokin, Lagos State, Nigeria to evaluate its degradability potential on different plant leaves and selected plastic bottles. Cellulase from Oryctes rhinoceros larvae was partially purified by a combination of precipitation with ammonium sulphate and fractionation with gel filtration on Biogel P- 100. The cellulase degradability potential was examined on tree leaves from cashew, banana, maize, lemon, cassava, pawpaw, mango, almond and palm respectively, while the plastics were from bottles of teem,pepsi, eva, mirinda, cascade, still, coke, devana and nestle respectively. Data obtained show that the enzyme- cellulase has a specific activity of 2.38 Unit/mg with 32% yield with higher degradability potential on samples from plant origin than the materials from industrial wastes.
Chemo-preventive Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Newbouldia laevis and Olax subscorpioidea Leaves on Methylnitrosourea–induced Stroma Fibrosis in Breast Tissues of Female Albino Rats
Authors: Okeke U. , Minari J. B. , Okpuzor J.
Published: February 2023

Breast cancer represents the most common neoplastic disease in females, accounting for up to one third of new diagnoses of women’s cancer in certain regions of the world. The chemo-preventive activity of ethanolic extracts of Newbouldia laevis and Olax subscorpioidea leaves on methylnitrosourea (MNU)–induced stroma fibrosis in female albino rats was evaluated. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out to identify and determine the quantity of bioactive compounds. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining procedure was used to assess breast tissues of experimental animals. Cancer antigen (CA) markers 15-3, 27-29 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the blood of experimental animals were evaluated using an automated procedure. Quantitative phytochemical screening showed that Olax subscorpioidea and Newbouldia laevis contained alkaloid in the highest amount. Histopathological assay revealed the presence of stromal fibrosis in the breast tissues of 8 out of 10 rats administered with NMU. Levels of CA 15-3, CA 27-29, CEA were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in MNU administered group in comparison to the negative control. Treatment with Olax subscorpioidea leave extract significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated CA 15-3, CA 27-29 and CEA levels. However, treatment with Newbouldia laevis leave extract significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated CA 15-3 and CEA levels only. Findings from this study showed that ethanolic extracts of Olax subscorpioidea and Newbouldia laevis leaves have chemo-preventive activity in NMU-induced stroma fibrosis in the breast tissue of female albino rats. However more studies on the discovery and validation of bioactive components of the plants are needed.