bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOTAL BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DAN COLIFORM USUS ITIK CIHATEUP YANG DIBERI PAKAN MENGANDUNG KOMBINASI TEPUNG KULIT MANGGIS DAN KUNYIT (Total Lactic Acid Bacteria and Coliform of Cihateup Ducks Intestine that Given Feed Containing the Combination of Mangosteen Peel and Turmeric Flour)
Authors: Kusmayadi Andri , Rahayu Novia
Published: February 2021

The number of beneficial microbial populations (lactic acid bacteria/LAB) and pathogens (coliform) in the digestive tract of ducks is one indicator of duck health status. Healthy ducks have a beneficial microbial population more than pathogenic bacteria. The addition of herbal ingredients such as mangosteen peel and turmeric flour is thought to improve the health of ducks by increasing the LAB population. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the combination of mangosteen peel flour and turmeric flour on the total lactic acid bacteria and coliform of small intestine and caecum of Cihateup duck. The study was conducted experimentally using 60 male Cihateup ducks grouped into 5 feed treatments which contains a combination of mangosteen peel and turmeric flour at different levels as follows: 0.5% (R1); 1.0% (R2); 1.5% (R3); 2.0% (R4); and 2.5% (R5), respectively. The variables studied were total lactic acid and coliform bacteria in the small intestine and caecum of Cihateup ducks. The results showed that the treatments of feed significantly (P<0.05) affected the total lactic acid bacteria (except caecum) and coliform bacteria. The population of lactic acid bacteria tended to increase along with the increasing dose of combination treatment of mangosteen peel and turmeric flour. In contrast, the total population of coliform bacteria in the small intestine and caecum of ducks showed a tendency to decrease with increasing treatment doses. The use of a combination of mangosteen peel and turmeric flour at higher levels (2.0 – 2.5%) can increase the total LAB and decrease coliform bacteria in the small intestine and cecum of Cihateup duck.
KADAR NDF DAN ADF KULIT BUAH KAKAO YANG DIFERMENTASI SECARA BERTINGKAT MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NDF and ADF Levels of Cocoa Pod Husk Gradually Fermented Using Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Authors: Lesmana Andrik , Iriyanti Ning , Widiyastuti Titin
Published: February 2021

The research aimed to examine the effect of gradual fermentation using Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its most optimal level of use on lowering NDF and ADF levels of cocoa pod husks. The experiment was conducted experimentally according to a completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of four treatments and five replications. The treatments were  R0: cocoa pod husks without fermentation, R1: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 4% and S. cerevisiae 4%), R2: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 8% and S. cerevisiae 8%), R3: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 12% and S. cerevisiae 12%). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the orthogonal polynomial test. The results showed that the gradual fermentation using T. viride and S. cerevisiae was highly significant in reducing levels of NDF and ADF of cocoa pod husks, following  the equation Y = 78.926 – 0.087X – 0.092 X2 + 0.007 X3,  (R2) = 93.4% and Y = 75.274 – 5.698X + 1.277 X2 – 0.073 X3, (R2) = 99.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal level of using T. viride and S. cerevisiae in lowering the levels of NDF of cocoa pod husk was 9.21%, which can reduce the NDF level as much as 3.98%, while the optimal level of using  T. viride and S. cerevisiae in lowering the levels of NDF of cocoa pod husks was 3.01%, which can decrease the ADF level as much as 10.01%.
Exploration of Critical Thinking Skills in Digital Citizenship Course Through Online Learning
Authors: Herwati Titan Istiah , Basori Basori , Hatta Puspanda
Published: February 2021

Low critical thinking skills cause students difficulty in solving problem, especially in learning. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of google classroom on critical thinking skills in Simulation dan Digital Communication. A total of 62 students participated in this research who were divided into two randomized treatments, namely 31 students in the experimental class and 31 students in the control class. In its implementation, it would compare using LMS google classroom by applying discussion groups to experimental class and control class that use google classroom, not in discussion groups. This research used a quasi experimental design with a pretest-posttest using a quantitative method. The data were collected through a critical thinking test. Before using multiple-choice pretest and posttest multiple-choice tests, instruments were tested first using validity tests and reliability tests. Google classroom as an independent variable and the dependent variable was critical thinking. Implementing learning with the help of google classroom through discussion and question features was an effort to effectively improve critical thinking skills in class. According to the result of the study, google classroom has effectiveness on critical thinking skills from the result in the experimental class of 45.609 Increased critical thinking skills in students cause students to analyze and solve problems.
Combining Flipped Classroom and Mind Mapping in Indonesian Vocational Schools: Their Influence to Students’ Critical Thinking Ability
Authors: Nugroho Roni Agung , Basori Basori , Maryono Dwi
Published: February 2021

The main problem of students in solving problems is the low ability to think. This study aims to improve students' critical thinking skills and measure the effectiveness of the combination of flipped classroom learning models and mind mapping. This research method used is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sample from this study was 31 students from the experiment class and 31 students from the control class. Data collection is done through critical thinking tests. Before using multiple-choice pre-tests and post-tests, instruments are tested first using validity tests and reliability tests. The results showed that the critical thinking abilities of students in the experiment class through the combined learning of flipped classroom models and mind mapping were higher than the control class, interpreted from the post-test score of the experiment class 77.6 while the control class got a score of 71.4. From the effectiveness of the experiment, class learning also got a score gain of 40.4947 with a fairly effective category, while the control class gained a score gain of 38.0115 with ineffective categories.
Effective Use of Blended Learning Flipped Classroom Type Reviewed from Student Learning Outcomes in Digital Simulation Subjects at SMK Negeri 3 Surakarta
Authors: Kausar Alfin , Maryono Dwi , Aristyagama Yusfia Hafid
Published: February 2021

This study aims to find out (1) differences in student learning outcomes in the application of blended learning model flipped classroom type with enriched virtual learning model (2) more effective learning model between blended learning model flipped classroom type and enriched virtual learning model. The research method used is a quantitative quasi-experimental design by using pretest-posttest control. The population in this study is all students of grade X majoring in Accounting and Finance of SMK Negeri 3 Surakarta Institution. The sample used in this study was 72 students. Sampling techniques in this research are by total sampling method. Data obtained from pre-test and post-test results based on indicators of student learning outcomes. The results obtained from this study are as follows. First, there are differences in learning outcomes in Digital Simulation subjects in experimental classes by applying flipped classroom type blended learning models and control classes by applying enriched virtual learning models. Evidence from the average study results of experimental classes of 82.94 and control classes of 75.39. Second, flipped classroom blended learning models are more effective than enriched virtual learning models. The effectiveness of applying flipped classroom type blended learning models in experimental classes is in a moderate category, while the effectiveness of implementing enriched virtual learning models in control classes is in a low category.
ANALISIS TINGKAT PELAYANAN JALAN MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT LUNAK VISSIM PADA SIMPANG BERSINYAL CISALAK, KOTA DEPOK
Authors: Suyadi Dadang , Imaulanda Rakha
Published: February 2021

The intersection of the Cisalak I toll gate in Depok City is the intersection that connects the road. Ir. H. Juanda, Jalan Raya Bogor, Jalan Gas Alam, and of course the Cisalak I highway exit & exit. By having 6 intersection arms, of course there are many traffic conflicts that occur at the Cisalak I toll gate intersection, one of which is a delay in the intersection arm long so that congestion in each intersection during rush hour always occurs and coupled with the cycle time of the traffic light which takes quite a long time so the long queue occurs. The purpose of this study is to know more about the performance of the traffic. The method used is to observe directly to the research location by observing the volume of vehicles with various types, the phase current of the vehicle passing at the intersection, and the cycle time of the traffic light, and by using Vissim software as modeling and getting the results of the count. The results of the study found capacity on the Bogor Highway (Jakarta direction) with a total of 771.69 , Jalan Ir. H. Juanda is 542.92, Bogor Highway (Bogor direction) is 612.21, and Cijago / Cisalak & Natural Gas Toll Road is 538. and the value of degree of saturation in each intersection is Highway Bogor (direction Jakarta) amounting to 2.96, Jalan Ir. H. Juanda is 3.52, Bogor Highway (Bogor direction) is 2.77, and Cijago / Cisalak & Gas Alam Toll Road is 2.95, so the level of service results in all F crossing arms which means the congestion condition takes up the duration long enough.
APLIKASI BERBASIS MODUL OFFLINE TENTANG PENYULUHAN HUKUM KENDARAAN DAN JALAN
Authors: Alfian Ahmad , Mulyono Tri
Published: February 2021

In order to improve public awareness in complying with regulations, required educational socialization related rules of the road and the vehicle or traffic signs or applicable vehicle standards, and the use of the internet become an information source can be avoided by use of the internet society, open source literature related laws of the road and the vehicle extensively but because the culture of reading yet sink in evenly spread the information then it is difficult. The results of the applications supported by the sophistication of the current Android, this application is expected to be able to operate in this version of Android from the earliest to the most update Android version and necessary for all the public can access it all communities, the information used by the application are derived from laws, regulations, and the Minister's decision with the source provided is clear, with the efforts of focused opinion factually that can be proved by the Government through regulations and was proven directly by looking at the original source.
ANALISIS FAKTOR KEMACETAN TERHADAP KINERJA LALU LINTAS DI RUAS JALAN JENDERAL BASUKI RAHMAT (STUDI KASUS: MALL BASSURA)
Authors: Alfiana Hafidzsyah , Purnomo Adhi
Published: February 2021

Commercial buildings in the Bassura Mall area (Jalan Jenderal Basuki Rahmat) have resulted in congestion in the area. Vehicles use road bodies to park their vehicles, sidewalks that are used as trading places by street vendors, and the position of the entrance / exit of Bassura Mall for four-wheeled vehicles that is not strategic. These things have caused the author to choose a location in the Bassura Mall area (Jalan Jenderal Basuki Rahmat), East Jakarta which is a local route, where East Jakarta as one of the big cities in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta also experiences high vehicle growth, p. This can be seen on roads in East Jakarta which often experience congestion during rush hour. The purpose of this research is to determine the traffic performance in the area. The method used in this research is direct observation method at the research location and field data collection in the form of parking volume data, pedestrian volume, vehicle volume entering / exiting Mall Bassura, traffic volume, and road performance. Observations were made on weekdays and holidays. The results of the analysis of the performance of the road sections show that the traffic volume on the roads around Mall Bassura is 32,433 SMP / hour on weekdays and 22,577 SMP / hour on holidays, with the service level index being in the F category on weekdays and holidays. Thus, the congestion factors mentioned above have resulted in a decrease in road capacity which has an impact on road performance.
Pandemic Reemergence and Four Waves of Excess Mortality Coinciding With the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Michigan: Insights for COVID-19
Authors: Chandra Siddharth , Christensen Julia , Chandra Madhur , Paneth Nigel
Published: February 2021

The global influenza pandemic that emerged in 1918 has become the event of reference for a broad spectrum of policymakers seeking to learn from the past. This article sheds light on multiple waves of excess mortality that occurred in the US state of Michigan at the time with insights into how epidemics might evolve and propagate across space and time. We analyzed original monthly data on all-cause deaths by county for the 83 counties of Michigan and interpreted the results in the context of what is known about the pandemic. Counties in Michigan experienced up to four waves of excess mortality over a span of two years, including a severe one in early 1920. Some counties experienced two waves in late 1918 while others had only one. The 1920 wave propagated across the state in a different manner than the fall and winter 1918 waves. The twin waves in late 1918 were likely related to the timing of the statewide imposition of a three-week social distancing order. Michigan’s experience holds sobering lessons for those who wish to understand how immunologically naïve populations encounter novel viral pathogens.
Brazilian cultural safeguard instruments for intangible goods
Authors: Musarra Raíssa Moreira Lima Mendes
Published: February 2021

This work emphasizes the existence of instruments for the protection of intangible cultural heritage with primacy at federal level, both in administrative and jurisdictional terms, considering the participation in the National Program of Intangible Heritage, which was documented from the analysis of the legislation in force and the doctrine pertinent to the subject, contained in books and scientific publications. Thus, the method used for the research was the monographic one, whose research techniques consisted in the documentary analysis of normative instruments of several norms.
Direitos sociais, segurança jurídica e vedação de retrocesso
Authors: Nobre Junior Edilson Pereira
Published: February 2021

A partir do reconhecimento dos direitos sociais como fundamentais, o presente artigo tem por objeto examinar os limites e possibilidades do poder de reforma constitucional e legislativa em sua alteração, reduzindo a proteção antes conferida para o cidadão. Será de inegável importância o estudo do princípio da segurança jurídica, bem como da realidade vivenciada por sistemas jurídicos estrangeiros, a partir da doutrina e de precedentes de suas cortes constitucionais.
Erratum
Authors: Luke Anthony C
Published: February 2021

Correction to: Luke AC, et al: Determinants of injuries in young dancers. Med Probl Perform Art 2002;17:105-112.
Trait Anxiety and Coping Strategies among Ballet Dancers
Authors: Barrell Gene Margaret , Terry Peter Charles
Published: February 2021

This study examined relationships between competitive trait anxiety and coping strategies among ballet dancers. Participants were 104 classical dancers (81 females and 23 males) ranging in age from 15 to 35 years (mean 19.4 years; SD 3.8 years) from three professional ballet companies,
two private dance schools, and two university dance courses in Australia. Participants completed the Modified COPE scale and the Sport Anxiety Scale. Trait anxiety scores, in particular for somatic anxiety and worry, were significant predictors of 7 of the 12 coping strategies (wishful thinking,
R2 = 42.3%; self-blame, R2 = 35.7%; suppression of competing activities, R2 = 27.1%; venting of emotions, R2 = 23.2%; denial, R2 = 17.7%; effort, R2 = 16.6%; active coping, R2 = 14.3%). Approximately 96% of dancers could be classified correctly as high or low trait-anxious from their reported
coping style. No significant effects of gender or status (professional versus students) were found. Findings showed that high trait-anxious athletes tend to use more maladaptive, emotion-focused coping strategies compared with low trait-anxious athletes, a tendency that has been proposed to
lead to negative performance effects. Dancers who are by nature anxious about performance may need special attention to help them to learn to cope with performance-related stress.
Playing-related Injury in Guitarists Playing Popular Music
Authors: Rigg John L , Marrinan Randy , Thomas Mark A
Published: February 2021

Playing a musical instrument involves the repetitive use of muscles, often at their extreme range of motion. Consequently, musicians in general are at an increased risk for the development of pain syndromes related to nerve or musculoskeletal damage. Acoustic and electric guitars are
among the most popular instruments in the world today, with a large population of musicians at risk of injury. This article examines the results of a survey completed by 261 professional, amateur, and student guitarists to determine the most common anatomic locations of playing-related pain
and its relationship to possible etiologic factors. A survey of 15 questions was distributed to professional, amateur, and student guitarists who play the musical genres of rock/blues, jazz, and folk across the United States and Canada. The questions addressed type of guitar played, style
of music performed, playing posture, picking technique, anatomic location of pain, history of formal training, presence of playing-related pain in the past 12 months, history of trauma to the affected area, and history of other nonrelated medical problems. Playing-related pain was reported
by 160 (61.3%) of 261 guitarists who completed the survey. The most often reported location was the fretting hand, with 109 (41.8%) of 261 subjects reporting the presence of playing-related pain in the previous 12 months. The back and neck were the next most reported sites of playing-related
pain, with 45 (17.2%) of 261 subjects reporting back pain and 39 (14.9%) of 261 subjects reporting neck pain in the previous 12 months. The results suggest that a substantial number of guitarists playing various styles of popular music are experiencing playing-related pain.
Hypopharyngeal Pressure in Brass Musicians
Authors: Stasney C Richard , Beaver Mary Es , Rodriguez Margarita
Published: February 2021

Brass instrument players are exposed to unique health risks due to increased pharyngeal pressures necessary for performance. One such risk is development of laryngoceles, or “blowout” of the larynx. This cross-sectional observational study was performed to determine the
pressure required to play different frequencies in a variety of brass instruments. The hypothesis tested was that enharmonic frequencies require the same pharyngeal pressure regardless of the instrument. The brass instruments tested were high-pressure, low-flow instruments (trumpet or French
horn) or low-pressure, high-flow instruments (tuba or trombone). We were not able to substantiate Jacobs’ theory that enharmonic frequencies resulted in equal pressures regardless of instrument, but we did elicit some high pressures in the hypopharynx when playing the trumpet or horn
at higher frequencies.
Health Conditions, Attitudes Toward Study, and Attitudes Toward Health at the Beginning of University Study: Music Students in Comparison with Other Student Populations
Authors: Spahn Claudia , Strukely Sandra , Lehmann Andreas
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the prevalence of psychological and physical symptoms and subject–related health problems and attitudes toward health and study on the part of music, psychology, medical, and sports students at the beginning of their university studies. The study investigated
247 music students, 266 medical students, 71 psychology students, and 71 sports students in their first semester at the University of Freiburg in the winter semester 2002–03. Health conditions were ascertained by the Giessen Symptom Questionnaire (GBB) and the Hospital Anxiety Depression
Scale (HADS); individual questions were posed with regard to the major subject (Epidemiological [EPI] Questionnaire). Health attitudes were ascertained by the Questionnaire on Health Locus of Control, and attitudes toward study were ascertained by the Questionnaire on Study-Related Patterns
of Behavior and Experience (AVEM). Of the music students, 25% indicated current playing-related symptoms (EPI). On the GBB, the music students indicated significantly more physical symptoms (total score) than the medical and sports students. Psychology students did not differ significantly
from music students regarding the severity of physical symptoms. Music students rated 8.4% in the HADS depression scale, and 33.5% on the anxiety scale, which was significantly more than the other students and placed them in the borderline or elevated range. According to the results of the
AVEM, the music students’ identification with their major subject was stronger, with high significance, than that of the other student groups. The music students were more convinced than other students that they could exercise influence on their own health. The higher prevalence of health
problems in music students compared with other students requires specific prevention and health promotion measures for music students. Prevention programs for music students should be tailored to the specific situation at the outset of their university studies.
Performance Anxiety Theory and Treatment: One Size Does Not Fit All
Authors: Nagel Julie Jaffee
Published: February 2021

Performance anxiety is a complex issue that can affect a musician’s competence and self-esteem on and off stage. Performance anxiety consists of emotional and physical components, and its understanding theoretically and clinically can present challenges to clinicians and musicians.
Although the psychological literature often focuses on cognitive, measurable, symptomatic, and conscious aspects of stage fright, there are other ways to understand this seemingly mysterious and painful problem. This article presents a psychodynamic approach to the theoretical understanding
and treatment of stage fright and suggests that any either/or model be rejected in favor of an also/and paradigm.
Providing Further Training in Musicophysiology to Instrumental Teachers: Do Their Professional and Preprofessional Students Derive Any Benefit?
Authors: Hildebrandt Horst , Nübling Matthias
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to establish whether instrumental teachers and their students would derive any benefit from advanced education and training in musicophysiologic theory and practice. It was hypothesized that this training would have a positive effect on the teaching styles
of teachers and that the changes would be noticed by their pupils, who would improve their playing habits. Twenty-six instrumental teachers and 66 of their students (allocated to the test or the control group) participated in an evaluation that was to be assessed by means of standardized questionnaires.
During a summer semester, teachers in the test group attended a 2-hour weekly course focusing on the sensory and psychomotor systems of musicians, whereas teachers in the control group were excluded from these courses. Based on a pre-to-post measurement, the teachers in the test group, in
contrast to the teachers in the control group, noted that they had become more responsible for instructions and more precise related to playing movements. When compared with the control group, the student test group in retrospect noted a change in the teaching style of their teachers in verbal
instructions and in guidance of posture and playing-related movements. These findings need to be confirmed with longer term and randomized studies.
Anxiety as an Aggravating Factor During Onset of Focal Dystonia in Musicians
Authors: Jabusch Hans-Christian , Altenmüller Eckart
Published: February 2021

Focal dystonia in musicians is a task-specific movement disorder that in many cases leads to the end of musical careers. In a recent study, perfectionism and anxious traits were found to be elevated in musicians with dystonia. Dynamics of different anxiety disorders and their possible
role during the development of musician’s dystonia still are unclear. Dystonic musicians (n = 20) were investigated by means of self-estimation and compared with healthy musicians (n = 30) and musicians with chronic pain syndromes (n = 20). Participants completed a questionnaire focusing
on different anxiety disorders, particularly with regard to their dynamics. Musicians with focal dystonia more often reported social phobia and specific phobias than healthy musicians. In the retrospective analysis, these differences already were present before onset of dystonia. Musicians
who later developed focal dystonia more often suffered from specific phobias than musicians who later developed chronic pain. Musicians with chronic pain more often reported free-floating anxiety compared with healthy musicians. In the subscale stage fright, no significant differences were
observed between the groups. The pattern of specific phobias and social phobia were reported to have been preexisting before the onset of dystonia. Anxiety and perfectionism may be aggravating factors during the development of musician’s dystonia.
Broken Embouchures, response to a book review
Authors: Lewis Lucinda
Published: February 2021

I was quite surprised when I learned that there was interest in reviewing my book, Broken Embouchures, in Medical Problems of Performing Artists. The book was written for professional brass players who have encountered performance-related embouchure problems and lip injuries and uses
terminology unique to music and brass technique. Although I suspected that a nonÂ¿brass player would have difficulty fully understanding our peculiar lingo, I had hoped that a review of the book might offer the performing arts medical community a new insight into how brass players
suffer overuse. Dr. David M. Steinhorn reviewed Broken Embouchures. Although he understood its message better than I would have expected from a musical layperson, I would like to respond to a few of his observations.
Helpful Hints from The New York Times
Authors: Brandfonbrener Alice G
Published: February 2021

As readers of MPPA editorials may know, I often rely on the excellent coverage of medical and scientific news in The New York Times for source material as well as to read “all the news that’s fit to print.” In the course of my daily reading, a nonmedical or scientific
news item from the Associated Press on March 24, 2004, piqued my musical interest. Coming from Bonn, Germany, it concerned violinists in the orchestra there who were striking for extra pay, contending they deserved it because they played many more notes than musicians in other sections.
Sound Pressure Levels Experienced by the High School Band Director
Authors: Owens Douglas T
Published: February 2021

Portable noise dosimeters were used to determine the levels of noise exposure experienced by high school band directors. In addition, sound reverberation times were measured to determine the appropriateness of existing acoustic conditions for the band rehearsal environment. A total
of 63 sound pressure measurements were taken during the rehearsals of 10 high school bands located in cities along the Front Range of Colorado. Single sample t-tests and effect size calculations were employed to compare the sound pressure levels of all band rehearsals with the industrial noise
standards of the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), the American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effect of room environmental
factors on the sound pressure levels. While conducting high school ensembles, 60% of participating band directors experienced sound pressure levels at or exceeding 90 dBA. These levels and the mean noise doses and 8-hour projected noise doses observed were within the OSHA standards for industrial
noise exposure, but exceeded the industrial noise exposure standards set by ACGIH and NIOSH. Multiple regression analysis performed on the room volume (cubic feet), the level of acoustic treatment, and the mean reverberation time were found to predict 77.8% of the variance in sound pressure
levels in this study.
Competition in Sport, Music, and Dance
Authors: Robson Bonnie E
Published: February 2021

This paper reviews the literature in sports psychology that may be relevant in the study of competition in music and dance education, giving the reader a basis for comparison of the arts literature. Opinions vary on whether competition is good or bad for the developing child. Some believe
that competitiveness is innate behavior and that competition is a motivation for high achievement. Others believe that competition detracts from performance as the increased stress and anxiety lead to a decrease in focus and, perhaps, to a decrease in self-esteem, especially for individuals
with an ego orientation (a focus on comparison with others) as opposed to a mastery orientation (focus on improvement of one’s own skills). The instruments used to measure the temperamental characteristics related to competition are discussed, including the Competitive Trait Anxiety
Inventory and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory. The paper then discusses the specific research that has been done on competition in music education and in dance education. Further research is needed to determine how much competition is healthy and whether the work in sports psychology
can be adapted to research in the arts.
An Innovative Patient-centered Approach to Common Playing-related Pain Conditions in Musicians
Authors: Brodsky Marc , Hui Ka-Kit
Published: February 2021

Musicians are increasingly seeking out complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to relieve suffering that results from playing-related pain conditions. Using an innovative patient-centered model, an approach has been developed that can incorporate various medical systems and therapeutics
to offer safe, effective, affordable, and accessible health care for musicians. A case discussion explores how musicians, through combining different traditions of medicine in orchestration, can optimize their quality of life while meeting their needs of prevention and rehabilitation of occupation-related
conditions.
Kinematics of the Lumbar Spine During Classic Ballet Postures
Authors: Feipel Veronique , Dalenne Sandra , Dugailly Pierre-Michel , Salvia Patrick , Rooze Marcel
Published: February 2021

Postural characteristics and three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of the lumbar spine were examined during classic ballet gestures in 25 expert dancers (17 females, 8 males; mean age, 21 ± 4 yrs). The 3D displacements of the thorax to the pelvis were sampled with a 3D-electrogoniometer
during right and left arabesque, developpe a la seconde, and pied-en-main, and a photographic technique was used to calculate lower-limb elevation, shoulder inclination, and tragus or C7 displacement. The incidence of low-back (43%) and hip pain (40%) was large. Arabesque was characterized
by lumbar extension (20-25°), ipsilateral bending (˜20°), and contralateral rotation (˜10°), and a 90° angle between the thighs. During pied-enmain and developpe a la seconde, lumbar flexion (˜30°), ipsilateral bending (10–15°), and contralateral
rotation (˜20°) occurred. The angle between the thighs was 150° and 120°, respectively. There was poor correlation between medical history, anthropometrical characteristics, and postural and kinematics variables, except for shoulder inclination, which differed significantly
between dancers with hip or low-back problems and those without complaints. We conclude that no relationship exists between hip flexibility and the lumbar spine contribution to various ballet tasks, suggesting that lower-limb elevation during arabesque and developpe a la seconde depends more
on hip flexibility than on a lumbar contribution.
El apoyo docente a las necesidades psicológicas básicas en las actividades acuáticas escolares: estudio observacional
Authors: Casterad Seral Jaime , Estrada Marcén Nerea Cristina , Herrero Nivela María Luísa
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: La percepción del estudiante hacia el desarrollo de las necesidades psicológicas básicas en la educación física escolar ha sido analizado en numerosos estudios; pero son muy escasos los estudios centrados en esa línea en las actividades acuáticas y más aún, en el análisis del comportamiento docente en este ámbito.
Objetivos: El propósito de este trabajo se ha centrado en el diseño y aplicación de un instrumento de observación válido para la evaluación del comportamiento docente hacia la promoción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de los estudiantes en el desarrollo de contenidos acuáticos de educación física en educación primaria.
Método: Aplicando la metodología observacional en contexto natural, se elabora un instrumento de observación de diseño observacional ideográfico, de seguimiento y multidimensional, aplicándose posteriormente en el desarrollo de una unidad didáctica de educación física escolar en el medio acuático.
Resultados: Durante las intervenciones del profesor, principalmente se han observado de forma constante, eventos relacionados con las dimensiones autonomía, competencia y relación social; principalmente se desarrollan secuencias del tipo autonomía-relación social y competencia-relación social que llegan a definir patrones temporales en la intervención docente.
Conclusiones: Este estudio pone de manifiesto que durante las sesiones de educación física escolar en el medio acuático se puede promocionar, por parte del profesorado y de forma efectiva, el desarrollo de los niveles de autonomía, percepción de la competencia y de relación social de los estudiantes.
Palabras clave: Teoría de la autodeterminación, metodología observacional, educación física, estilo docente.
Efectos de las diferentes actividades en medio acuático sobre la población con problemas respiratorios. Una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Aguado Ivorra Pablo , Romero Rodríguez Iván Manuel , Vera Ortuño Francisco , Gil Escolano Guillermo , Llorca Gómez Alberto , Botella Montoya Jorge
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: La realización de esta revisión se fundamenta en una serie de hechos previos los cuales nos impulsan a trabajar con la población que padece problemas respiratorios, con la principal intención de solucionarlos. Hoy en día, sabemos que las personas con problemas respiratorios tienen una mayor tasa de muerte y una menor calidad de vida que la gente sana. Además, es una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel europeo (Eurostat) y sabemos que está aumentando el número de casos cada vez más y más (INE, 2015), adquiriendo una gran importancia el estudio de este tipo de población.
 Objetivos: Determinar si los problemas respiratorios son un limitador de la actividad física y observar y comparar los efectos de los programas de actividad física en medio acuático.
 Método: Comparación de diferentes estudios recientes, en los cuales, se trata con población asmática, rinitis alérgica y lesión medular realizando una determinada intervención en el medio acuático para analizar los diferentes efectos sobre las variables respiratorias.
 Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos nos indican que la aplicación de determinados programas de actividades acuáticas, no van a producir efectos negativos sobre la población asmática, incluso en ciertos casos se llega a obtener beneficios respecto a programas en el medio terrestre.
 Conclusiones: Podemos concluir que aparece la necesidad de incluir a esta población en la práctica de actividad física, tanto para la mejora de su salud como para una mayor facilidad de desarrollar actividades básicas de su vida cotidiana.
 Palabras clave: asma, natación, ejercicio acuático, variables espirométricas, programa, entrenamiento, función pulmonar, beneficios.
Análisis cinemático de la salida en natación: una propuesta de mejora a través de ‘Xploblock SFS’
Authors: Fernández Suárez Saúl , Iglesias-Fernández Nazaret , Salguero del Valle Alfonso
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: A pesar de que la natación es considerada por muchos como un deporte de resistencia, la ejecución de una buena salida puede contribuir hasta en un 25% en el resultado final de una prueba de velocidad.
Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar y analizar la utilidad del ‘Xploblock SFS’ en los poyetes de salida, con la finalidad de evidenciar la existencia de posibles mejoras en el rendimiento de los nadadores.
Método: Doce nadadores (seis varones y seis mujeres) realizaron tres salidas diferentes hasta superar los 15 metros. Una de las salidas se ejecuta con el poyete Omega OSB11 y las otras dos con la adición del ‘Xploblock SFS’, con una angulación de 10 y 15º, respectivamente. En cada salida se han evaluado diferentes parámetros relacionados con angulaciones corporales y tiempos de ejecución.
Resultados: Se observó una ligera, pero importante mejora de tiempo a tener en cuenta al paso por los 15 m. empleando esta nueva herramienta.
Conclusiones: En esta investigación se concluye que la implantación del ‘Xploblock SFS’ en la parte frontal de la plataforma genera ventajas temporales con respecto al poyete Omega OSB11, así como modificaciones en la posición adoptada por el nadador en el momento de la salida. No obstante, son necesarias nuevas investigaciones con muestras más amplias y de mayor nivel competitivo.
Palabras clave: nadadores, rendimiento, poyete, Omega OSB11, angulaciones corporales, tiempos de ejecución.
Efeitos da nataçâo em crianças asmáticas
Authors: Pernambuco Carlos Soares , Dos Santos Beatriz Lopes Silva , De Oliveira Flávio Boechat , Brum Rosana Dias de Oliveira , Vale Rodrigo Gomes de Souza
Published: February 2021

Contexto: A asma é uma doença crônica comum das vias aéreas ou brônquios, a causa do processo inflamatório é causada por um conjunto de fatores genéticos e ambientais. A natação é uma atividade individual, influência no aspecto físico, psicológico e social. Fortalecer o diafragma, os músculos respiratórios auxiliares, facilita a expansibilidade torácica e proporciona melhor ritmo respiratório.Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar os efeitos da natação em crianças asmáticas.Método: O universo de pesquisa foi com crianças asmáticas que estejam iniciando em um programa de natação, que tenham de 6 a 12 anos de idade e praticam a natação por no mínimo duas vezes por semana. O instrumento utilizado foi um medidor de pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE), balança digital e uma fita métrica. Para a estatística descritiva, foi utilizada a média, o desvio padrão, o erro padrão, o valor máximo e o valor mínimo. Para a análise estatística inferencial foi utilizado o teste T pareado para diferenças intra grupo e o teste t de Student para diferenças Inter grupos e será considerado o nível de significância para p < 0,05.Resultados: Não foi encontrado diferença significativa, porém houve um aumento positivo de 36% no pico de fluxo expiratório das crianças avaliadas.Conclusoes: Concluiu-se que a natação promoveu melhora positiva no fluxo respiratório após oito semanas de intervenção, mas não estatisticamente significativo, no grupo observado.Palavras-chave: natação, fluxo expiratório, asma, crianças
Uncertainty Estimation for the Liquid Hydrocarbons Measurement in Static and Dynamic Measurement Systems: A Colombian Case Study
Authors: Cala F. , Nuñez E. , Bahamón N. , Fuentes J. A.
Published: February 2021

To evaluate the level of accuracy of more than 500 measurement systems of liquid hydrocarbons in Colombia, a computer tool is currently used to calculate the uncertainty of measurement, applying the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) method described in JCGM100 (2008).

Taking into account that the selected method presents limitations by assuming that the output variable always has a Gaussian probability distribution and that the model that represents the measurand should preferably be linear, there is a risk that some of these conditions will not be met for the current application. Therefore, this present work describes a comparison between the uncertainty assessment performed according to the GUM uncertainty framework and the Monte Carlo method (MCM) to confirm that the GUM method is valid for the uncertainty measurement evaluation of the measurements under study. This comparison was made from actual data sets associated with two selected examples: liquid hydrocarbon measurement with a vertical fixed-top tank and dynamic measurement with a positive displacement meter.

As a result, the maximum difference between the GUM and MCM uncertainties obtained during the tests was 0.003% relative to the volume measured in the vertical tank example. In the case of the dynamic measurement with a positive displacement meter, it was 0.0004% relative to the volume. These differences were less than the numerical tolerance established according to the Monte Carlo adaptive procedure; therefore, it was possible to conclude that the application of GUM is adequate for the examples evaluated and others with similar operating conditions.
Natural xanthone compounds as promising drug candidates against COVID-19 - An integrated molecular docking and dynamics simulation study
Authors: Gunda Shravan Kumar , P Hima Kumari , Kumar Anuj , Kishor P B. Kavi , S Anil Kumar
Published: February 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is known for its high pathogenicity and transmission due to thepresence of polybasic cleavage sites. No specific drug is available for the treatment. To identifythe potential inhibitors, we have performed molecular docking against the SARS-CoV-2 mainprotease (6Y84) with fifteen important natural xanthone compounds. The docking results showedall the compounds exhibited good binding energies and interactions with the main protease. Thevalidation of representative docking complexes through molecular dynamics simulations showedthat xanthones binds with a higher binding affinity and lower free energy than the standardligand with Brasixanthone C and Brasixanthone B on 50 ns. Natural xanthone compounds havealso passed the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) property criteriaas well as Lipinski’s rule of five. The present integrated molecular docking and dynamicssimulations study unveil the use of xanthones as potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.
In situ measurement of airborne particle concentration in a real dental office: implications for disease transmission
Authors: Razavi Maryam , Butt Zahid , Chen Helen , Tan Zhongchao
Published: February 2021

Aerosols generated during dental procedures are one of the most significant routes for infection transmission and are particularly relevant now in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the mechanisms of dental aerosol dispersion in dental offices and provide recommendations to minimize infection transmission in dental offices. The spread and removal of aerosol particles generated from a specific dental operation in a dental office are quantified for a single dental activity in the area near to the generation and corner of the office. The effects of the air purifier, door condition, and particle sizes on the spread and removal of particles were investigated. The results will help develop technologies for the proper control of aerosols and splatters generated during dental procedures. The results show that in the worst-case scenario it takes 95 min for 0.5 𝜇m particles to settle and that it takes a shorter time for the larger particles. The air purifier expedited the removal time at least 6.3 times faster than the case with no air purifier in the generation zone. Our results also indicate that particles may be transported from the source to the rest of the room, even when the particle concentrations in the generation zone dropped back to the background. Our findings have important implications for informing best practices for preventing infection transmission in indoor spaces such as healthcare settings.
Metabolic profiling reveals interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody treatment ameliorate lipids metabolism with the potentiality to reduce cardiovascular risk in psoriasis patients
Authors: Han Cao , Shengmin Su , Qi Yang , Yunchen Le , Lihong Chen , Mengyan Hu , Xiaoyu Guo , Jie Zheng , Xia Li , Yu Yunqiu
Published: February 2021

Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with overproduction of interleukin-17A (IL-17A). IL-17A monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown clinical efficacy in psoriasis patients. Although a series of different overlapping mechanisms have been found to establish a link between psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases, the underlying mechanisms of the two types of diseases and the potential efficacy of IL-17A mAbs in amelioration of cardiovascular comorbidities remain unclear.Methods: Serum samples from two study cohorts including 117 individuals were analyzed using a high-throughput UHPLC-MS platform. Non-targeted metabolic profiling analysis was first conducted with samples from 28 healthy individuals and from 28 psoriasis patients before and after 12-weeks of ixekizumab treatment in study cohort 1. Study cohort 2 was additionally recruited to validate the correlations of the identified metabolites with cardiovascular diseases. Results: A total of 43 differential metabolites, including lysophospholipids, free fatty acids, acylcarnitines and dicarboxylic acids, were accurately identified in study cohort 1, and the analysis showed that lipid metabolism was impaired in psoriasis patients. Compared with healthy individuals, psoriasis patients had higher levels of lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylinositols, lysophosphatidic acids and free fatty acids, but lower levels of acylcarnitines and dicarboxylic acids. The identified dicarboxylic acid levels were inversely correlated with psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores (P < 0.05). The results for study cohort 2 were largely consistent with the results for study cohort 1. Moreover, the levels of all identified lysophosphatidylcholines were higher in psoriasis patients with coronary heart diseases than in psoriasis without coronary heart disease. Notably, most of these lipidic changes were ameliorated by ixekizumab treatment.Conclusion: The results of this non-targeted metabolomic analysis indicate that treatment with IL-17A mAbs can not only ameliorate psoriasis lesions but also restore dysregulated lipid metabolism to normal levels in psoriasis patients. Considering that dysregulated lipid metabolism has been regarded as the critical factor in cardiovascular diseases, the recovery of lipid metabolites in psoriasis patients indicates that IL-17A mAbs might have the potential protective effects against cardiovascular comorbidities.