bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AMBIÊNCIAS FORMATIVAS DE PROFESSORES ALFABETIZADORES NA CULTURA DIGITAL
Authors: Bruno Adriana Rocha , Souza Terezinha Fernandes Martins de
Published: July 2021

O  presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir sobre a produção multimodal em ambientes digitais refletindo sobre o seu alcance como mobilizadora de multiletramentos na formação de professores alfabetizadores. Os estudos apresentados, de cunho qualitativo, se inscrevem na concepção de pesquisa-formação na cibercultura (Santos, 2014) e discutem os espaços digitais de formação do professor alfabetizador em uma perspectiva social e de abordagem crítica (Street, 2014). São apresentadas duas experiências desenvolvidas no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), realizadas com a atuação das autoras em duas instituições públicas de Ensino Superior, em que os multiletramentos são desenvolvidos em interface com a cultura digital. As experiências de pesquisa-formação apresentadas possibilitaram aos praticantes culturais envolvidos vivências de uso, apropriação e produção com artefatos e linguagens da cultura digital, compreendendo-os como espaços de formação para a docência e, ao mesmo tempo, de atuação com os alunos e alunas na escola.
ANTONIO DA SILVA JARDIM (1860-1891) E A DIVULGAÇÃO DO "NOVO E CIENTÍFICO" MÉTODO "JOÃO DE DEUS" PARA O ENSINO DA LEITURA E DA ESCRITA
Authors: Pasquim Franciele Ruiz
Published: July 2021

Com o objetivo compreender o pensamento do professor Antonio da Silva Jardim (1860–1891) sobre o ensino da leitura e da escrita, enfoca-se, neste artigo, o documento Reforma do ensino da lingua materna (1884). Trata-se da  versão impressa do resumo da conferência proferida por  Silva Jardim, como professor da Primeira Cadeira – “Grammatica e Língua Nacional”, da Escola Normal de São Paulo. Embora menor em sua produção, a questão da leitura era parte integrante e importante das ideias de Silva Jardim para a nação brasileira pautada nos ideais da República. Para ele, a formação de professores deveria compreender a “parte pedagógica” e a “parte prática”, ou seja, a observarção e a aplicação do “novo” e “científico” método da palavração  nas escolas primárias anexas a Escola Normal.
EVALUASI KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI TENGAH DINAMIKA POLITIK PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Zazkia Shelly Alvareza , Hamami Tasman
Published: July 2021

The curriculum in Indonesia often changes from time to time, but the results of these changes have not been optimal and are still far from being expected. The research objective is to reveal the various constraints or problems that have occurred during curriculum changes from the Old Order era to the reform era. Various obstacles that were found were the lack of professionalism of teachers in facing curriculum changes, a lack of reference books, and there were still many teachers who had different understandings of Curriculum-13 and experienced confusion in grasping the concept, substance, and mechanism of implementing Curriculum of 2013 Education Unit Level Curriculum. The results of the evaluation obtained were the importance of socialization and conducting teaching training before implementing the curriculum in formal teaching-learning process activities, then the government always paid attention to reference books that were used by teachers and students because every curriculum change was also followed (in addition to the method) of the material used. changed (update). So with that teachers and students can carry out the contents of the curriculum properly and following the objectives to be achieved.
Альтернативное определение понятия «джихад»
Authors: Асхатулы Ж , Самет О
Published: July 2021

Сегодня термин «джихад» считается геополитическим понятием в одностороннем порядке в интересах держав. В начале XXI века в результате событий 11 сентября 2001 г. этот термин начал часто интерпретироваться на Западе как определение терроризма. В последние годы этот термин также был введен в круг исламской науки, имеющий политический окрас. В конечном итоге, концепция джихада стала более узкой, стала сводиться только к священной войне ислама и формироваться как способ проявления истинного зла. Учитывая быстрое распространение любой информации сегодня, необходимо дать правильное определение термина «джихад» в СМИ.Базовые принципы джихада могут быть использованы в повседневной жизни любого общества. Данные принципы изложены в содержании статьи: это экологический политический джихад, гуманитарный джихад и международный антитеррористический джихад. Приведены примеры из научных исследований таких выдающихся ученых, как социолога Энтони Гидденса и богословов Ризван Максима и Рашид Рида, а также результаты исследований международных организаций.В целом, тщательно изучив и другие аспекты, возможно отличить джихад от его современного определения и выделить новые области, через которые джихад может оказать положительное влияние на общество. Именно поэтому в статье тщательно рассмотрена смысловая концепция термина «джихад», принятая классическими исламскими учеными, с примерами о положительном влиянии джихада на развитие общества в целом.Кроме того, концепция джихада может рассматриваться как механизм, играющий важную роль в решении проблем окружающей среды, экологии, несправедливости, нарушений прав человека, а также важность и особенность джихада в исламе и ее уникальная роль в личности человека.
Образ Турара в произведении «Тамук» («Преисподняя») Ш. Муртазы
Authors: Нусупова А
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматривается произведение, в основе которого лежит судьба историческойличности Турара Рыскулова, сложная и полная борьбы. Речь идет также о художественно-творческой сфере писателя, сущности мировоззрения и теоретических знаний, способах ипринципах анализа художественного произведения. Используя новый подход, сделан обзоржизненного и творческого пути Т. Рыскулова, жившего и творившего в 20 веке вобщественном мире Казахстана. В статье раскрывается художественное решениепроизведения «Тамук» («Преисподняя») писателя, внесшего новое направление в казахскуюлитературу, в том числе и в казахскую прозу, Ш. Муртазы. Кроме того, становлениеписателя как писателя и его новые исследования в этом направлении, тематико-идеологические, стилистико-лингвистические, жанровые характеристики рассматриваются втесной связи с литературным процессом. В произведении «Тамук» подробно анализируетсямировоззрение Т. Рыскулова, его глубокие мысли.
Cases of scar endometriosis after caesarean section
Authors: Dorji Namkha , Tshering Sangay , Choden Sonam
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The presence of functional endometrial tissue in the surgical scar, which commonly follows caesarean section is called scar endometriosis. It is a very rare condition which is commonly misdiagnosed.
Case report: We report two cases of scar endometriosis which developed after caesarean section. One case was misdiagnosed as a keloid for a long duration (12 years) and other one was not diagnosed despite the characteristic presenting symptoms. Both the cases underwent surgical excision with free resection margins and histopathological confirmation of diagnosis.
Conclusions: Clinicians must be aware of varying presentations of scar endometriosis to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
Ocular sarcoidosis: a case report
Authors: Dorji Phuntsho
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder which affects almost all parts of the body. It is usually idiopathic. Ocular involvement is noted in 25%–60% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis. It is very essential to rule out ocular tuberculosis as both can have similar presentations.
Case report: A 26 year old patient presented with blurring of vision in left eye for nine months at Mongar regional referral hospital. Previously he was treated with topical steroids and cycloplegics for anterior uveitis. There were no systemic symptoms like dry cough, fever, chest pain and loss of weight. He had anterior chamber inflammation with iris nodule, vitritis and disc edema in left eye.The right eye had minimal anterior chamber reaction with only subtle iris nodule. Posterior segment examination was normal in right eye. He underwent blood investigations, chest X ray and contrast enhanced computed tomography of chest(CECT). The blood reports were normal. The chest X ray showed radiopaque lesions at both hilar region and multiple tiny radiopaque lesions in both lung fields.CECT chest showed significant paratracheal lymph nodes.Lymph node biopsy was not attempted due to extreme location. Based on clinical presentations and investigation findings a diagnosis of Presumed ocular sarcoidosis was made by using the criteria based on Revised International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis.The patient was treated effectively with oral steroids for six months. Currently he is on low maintenance dose of oral steroids.
Conclusions: Ocular sarcoidosis is a potentially blinding condition if not treated on time. There should be high suspicion of ocular sarcoidosis if patient presents with bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis with hilar lymphadenopathy.However it is crucial to exclude ocular tuberculosis as both are mimickers of chronic granulomatous uveitis.
Adherence to mask wearing on public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic and influential factors: the case of Hanoi
Authors: Huu Manh Tong , Anh Duong Do , Ngoc Anh Nguyen , Trung Duc Nguyen , Binh Minh Nguyen , Thi Huong Mai , Minh Hieu Nguyen
Published: July 2021

In response to little known about the use of face masks for public transport passengers in developing countries, this study investigates the prevalence of using masks and using masks correctly together with influential factors. Using 570-passenger data collected on the whole bus network from 7 September to 3 October 2020 in Hanoi, the authors found that 100% of users wore masks; however, about 11% failed to wear masks correctly. As regards factors, passengers who are old, rarely ride by bus, take heavy luggage, travel with other(s) were more likely to use masks incorrectly. Having a health issue encouraged the correct use of masks. Attitudes towards the COVID-19 were significant factors. The higher levels of agreement with the acute danger of COVID-19 and the risk of infection from the public were involved in the higher likelihood of the correct mask wearing. Notably, over time with no community transmission of the coronavirus, the likelihood of incorrect use of masks was more inclined to increase. To address the wrong utilization of masks on buses, the role of ticket conductors in reminding and asking users using masks incorrectly should be enhanced. Additionally, authorities should issue messages and implement campaigns to encourage citizens to wear in public spaces on a regular basis, particularly when the adherence reduces over the time without community transmission of COVID-19. Although not covering all aspects representing the incorrect mask wearing, this study is one the first research on the incorrect use of masks, thus extending the literature on how public transport users respond the effects of COVID-19.
Experimental study on the effect of concrete strength and corrosion level on bond between steel bar and concrete
Authors: Doan Dinh Thien Vuong , Nguyen Thanh Hung , Nguyen Dinh Hung
Published: July 2021

Corrosion of the steel reinforcement bars reduces the area of the steel bar and the bond stress between the steel bars and around concrete that decreases the capacity of concrete structures. In this study, the bond stress between steel bar with a diameter of 12mm and concrete was examined with the effect of different corrosion levels and different concrete grades. A steel bar was inserted in a concrete block with a size of 20×20×20cm. The compressive strength of concrete was 25.6MPa, 35.1MPa, and 44.1MPa. These specimens were soaked into solution NaCl 3.5% to accelerate the corrosion process with different corrosion levels in the length of 60mm. The pull-out test was conducted. Results showed that the bond strength of the corroded steel bar was higher than that predicted from CEB-FIP. Slip displacement and the range of slip displacement at the bond strength were reduced when the concrete compressive strength was increased. The rate of bond stress degradation occurred faster with the increment of the corrosion level when the concrete compressive strength was increased.
Sự phát triển của sóng Stem dọc đê tường đứng dạng rỗng
Authors: Vũ Văn Nghi , Phạm Văn Khôi
Published: July 2021

Sóng Stem là sóng được hình thành và phát triển dọc theo các công trình tường đứng do sự tương tác giữa sóng tới và sóng phản xạ khi sóng tới xiên góc với công trình và có thể gây nguy hiểm cho tàu bè cũng như công trình. Hơn nữa, sóng Stem có thể làm tăng lượng sóng tràn qua đê trong điều kiện thời tiết cực trị. Do đó, sóng Stem cần được lưu ý khi thiết kế đê tường đứng. Bài báo này sử dụng phương trình Boussinesq mở rộng cho sóng truyền trong môi trường rỗng để nghiên cứu về sự phát triển của sóng Stem phía trước đê tường đứng vách kín và đê tường đứng kết cấu rỗng. Các kết quả mô phỏng sóng Stem trong nghiên cứu này cho thấy sự phù hợp với các kết quả của mô hình SWASH và số liệu thí nghiệm từ mô hình vật lý. Đối với trường hợp đê tường đứng vách kín, sóng Stem đặc biệt thấy rõ khi góc sóng tới lớn và độ phi tuyến của sóng cao. Khi mô phỏng sóng tới đê tường đứng kết cấu rỗng, sóng Stem vẫn xuất hiện phía trước đê dù chiều cao sóng giảm đi do năng lượng sóng bị hấp thụ một phần qua đê rỗng. Kết quả của bài báo có thể được sử dụng trong các nghiên cứu về bồi xói phía trước đê tường đứng kết cấu rỗng.
Indigenous Management Practices- A Case Study on Street Vendors
Authors: Raj Keerthan
Published: July 2021

Street vending a very ancient and critical occupation found in each and every country with far reaching economic and social impact. Even before the pre independence era, in India, street vending was by far the only recourse to sales activities in an informal space. Even to this day in smaller semi urban localities and pockets of the country we see a congregation of sellers and buyers getting together in vacant spaces for an informal marketing activity. They are called by various names as in sandy bazaars, santhe’s etc which could happen once a week in most places. Not just food, every possible and essential good and in certain cases services are also bought and sold here. While there is a lot of study on formal sales management, marketing mix, product life cycles stages and a plethora of marketing concept, this street vendors business management have been given very little thought and study. In the absence of a shop, any perceivable brand building exercises, advertisements the street vendor is successful in getting very good returns on the minimal capital expenditure invested. This paper is a case study approach to viewing the successful business practices of street vendors. How do these street vendors manage competition amongst them and still continue to attract a growing numbers of customers. Certain sellers have become brands in themselves for certain unique services they offer and able to sustain their product and service through the years successfully. In this paper, we have discussed certain critical practices of street vendors that could be of much use in furthering management theories and practices.
Enfermedades musculoesqueléticas y su asociación con el sobrepeso y obesidad en adultos mayores, un estudio transversal
Authors: Quiñones Miranda Miriam Patricia , Villca Villegas José Luis
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y la asociación de enfermedades musculoesqueléticas con el sobrepeso y obesidad, y las diferencias respecto a edad y sexo.
Métodos: el presente estudio es de tipo transversal, descriptivo y analítico, el universo está compuesto por pacientes adultos mayores a 60 años con diagnóstico de enfermedades musculoesqueléticas que acuden a consulta en el periodo de enero a diciembre, del año 2019, en el centro de salud “Villa Oruro”,  en Tiquipaya, Cochabamba, Bolivia, con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, la muestra del estudio fue 353 pacientes.
Resultados: se evaluó a 353 pacientes mayores a 60 años, 156 hombres y 197 mujeres, con una edad promedio de 71,51 ± 8,45 con índice de masa corporal promedio de 26,68 ± 1,77. Se realizó el análisis estadístico de asociación de variables categóricas, en base a rangos del índice de masa corporal (sobrepeso y obesidad) con las enfermedades musculoesqueléticas.
Conclusiones: dentro de la evaluación del sobrepeso y obesidad, y su relación con patologías musculoesqueléticas, la gonartrosis es la más relacionada con la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, por lo que se recomienda establecer métodos de educación en la población con hábitos alimenticios y estilos de vida saludables para disminuir la prevalencia de enfermedades musculoesqueléticas asociadas a sobrepeso y obesidad.
Enfermedad celíaca y lesiones preneoplásicas del tubo digestivo alto
Authors: Vallejos-Rocabado Ana Mabel , Köller-Echalar James
Published: July 2021

Objetivos: los trastornos motores, hormonales, neuroendocrinos y el estado de inmunodepresión que presenta el paciente celíaco conlleva al desarrollo de alteraciones digestivas, por lo que el presente estudio pretende determinar si la celiaquía se asocia al desarrollo de lesiones preneoplásicas del tubo digestivo superior y comparar dichos resultados con un grupo control (no celíaco).

Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico de casos y controles, en el Instituto Gastroenterológico Boliviano Japonés, Cochabamba, Bolivia.  De forma aleatoria simple se obtuvo una muestra de 297 pacientes, para el grupo caso y control. Se utilizó el programa IMB SPSS v- 20, el análisis estadístico con la prueba de Chi cuadrado (con un valor de p=<0,05; 95% IC) y el análisis epidemiológico con el cálculo el Odds ratio (OR).

Resultados: se observó una asociación estadística y epidemiológica significativa para el grupo celíaco con lesiones preneoplásicas en el tubo digestivo alto (p= 0,0001) OR 7,23 (IC 95% 5,387 -9,722) en comparación al grupo control que presenta una asociación estadística (p=0,03); pero con una significancia epidemiológica negativa OR 0,708 (IC 95% 0,639-0,783).

Conclusiones: existe mayor prevalencia de pacientes celíacos con lesiones preneoplásicas (metaplasia intestinal esofágica y gástrica, atrofia gástrica, displasias), frente al grupo no celíaco.  Esto demuestra la importancia del diagnóstico y pesquisa temprana de esta entidad, evitando el desarrollo de lesiones que podrían considerarse irreversibles en el sistema digestivo.
Poder, normas sociales y de género en la salud sexual y reproductiva en adolescentes tempranos
Authors: Arias López Liseth Lourdes
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: el propósito de esta investigación es explorar cómo el poder está inmerso en las normas sociales y de género aprendidas durante la adolescencia temprana e identificar cómo las normas “impulsadas por el poder” influyen en los comportamientos de riesgo o protección.
Métodos: diseño cualitativo, con entrevistas semi-estructuradas en profundidad a 30 adolescentes varones y mujeres de 10 a 14 años, que estudian en el colegio “Gerardo Vargas Vidal”. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas textualmente y se cargaron en el Programa Atlas.ti. Se utilizó un diseño etnográfico, dentro del paradigma interpretativo.
Resultados: el análisis reveló que los adolescentes desarrollan creencias y adoptan comportamientos de acuerdo a lo que aprenden y perciben en la “búsqueda del poder”, dichos comportamientos están moldeados y dirigidos por las normas sociales y de género preponderantes en el contexto cultural de Cochabamba.
Discusión y conclusiones: Las dinámicas de poder involucradas en las normas sociales y de género son diferentes para los adolescentes varones y mujeres, desfavoreciendo a las mujeres. Estudios previos demostraron la importancia de los dominios individuales, de recursos, sociales e institucionales sobre el desarrollo de poder de los adolescentes.
Celulitis disecante del cuero cabelludo a propósito de un caso clínico
Authors: Rivas Ulunque Carminia Zelmy
Published: July 2021

Celulitis disecante del cuero cabelludo (CDC) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica neutrofilica, clasificada dentro las alopecias cicatriciales, su etiopatogenia es desconocida, se manifiesta por nódulos en el cuero cabelludo de predominio en región occipital y vértice, si es muy extensa puede confluir y formar fistulas, predomina en descendientes afroamericanos, es de difícil tratamiento.
Ventajas del sulfato de magnesio en anestesiología
Authors: Romero Ledezma Karla Pamela
Published: July 2021

Objetivos: explicar la utilidad del sulfato de magnesio en el área de anestesiología con la información disponible de libre acceso.

Material y métodos: para alcanzar el objetivo se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de ensayos clínicos, meta análisis publicados en importantes plataformas de datos de ciencia médicas. Con palabras de búsqueda como: anestesiología y sulfato de magnesio, analgesia, relajantes musculares, escalofríos, Ginecología-Eclampsia.

Resultados: se obtuvo información variada en el ámbito de anestesiología, seleccionando aquellos que hacen referencia en al ámbito de anestesiología, realizando la combinación de palabras, se obtuvo en google académico de alrededor de 114 artículos relacionados, de los cuales se eligió aquellos ensayos clínicos y meta análisis.

Conclusiones: se concluyó que el sulfato de magnesio ayuda en disminución de la dosis de los anestésicos, sin embargo, no es concluyente que como adyuvante ayude en la analgesia. Se observó que prolonga la acción de los relajantes musculares. Se sugiere permanecer con los estudios para revelar la dosis, inicio de administración, calidad para la inclusión en estudios de meta análisis.
Más alla del desarrollo del componente investigativo en la formación profesional
Authors: Claure Fuentes José Luis
Published: July 2021

Hablar del desarrollo de la investigación en la formación profesional, nos lleva a hablar de la razón de ser de la Universidad, que comprende el conjunto de tres actividades que hacen a lo que llamamos academia, a través de las cuales se produce, utiliza y difunde conocimiento científico. Estas actividades son: la investigación, la instrucción y la interacción, en el proceso de formación profesional que llamamos Educación Superior.
Methodological proposal for the characterization of accessions in Germplasm Banks using Generalized Procrustes Analysis applied to incomplete but connected trials
Authors: Lavalle Andrea Lina , Defacio Raquel , De Leo Mariano , Bramardi Sergio Jorge
Published: July 2021

Characterization of plant material conserved in germplasm banks allows the study and analysis of the genetic variability within a collection. When germplasm banks have a large number of accessions, field evaluation should be performed using assays with manageable accession subsets. Common checks connecting the different assays are required to compare these accession subsets. In this study, the Generalized Procrustes Analysis was proposed as a basis for obtaining a factorial plane where all individuals are projected. This technique is applied to genotypes common to all assays, iteratively generating scale factors and rotation matrices. Accessions only belonging to a given assay are considered supplementary elements. This proposal was illustrated using datasets of 54 maize accessions from the Pergamino Active Germplasm Bank of the Experimental Station at the Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) in Argentina. The proposal achieved highly satisfactory results.
Highlights:

In field evaluation of large germplasm collections, the material must be divided into manageable experimental trials, in which different accession subsets are evaluated in different environments.
A new algorithm based on Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) allowed to find the consensus of several configurations of individuals connected by common checks.
The characterization data analysis strategy was illustrated using a set of accessions from the Argentine Maize Germplasm Bank.
The new proposal stands as a useful tool for evaluate germplasm collections, providing good results with easy implementation and considering the multivariate structure of the data set.
Grain quality of common bean cultivars under low and high nitrogen dose
Authors: Tiraboschi Leal Fábio , Trombeta Bettiol João Victor , Filla Vinícius Augusto , Prates Coelho Anderson , Checchio Mingotte Fábio Luíz , Borges Lemos Leandro
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low and high topdressing doses of nitrogen (N) on the qualitative attributes of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and indicate cultivars with better grain technological characteristics. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots, with four replicates. Plots comprised 16 common bean cultivars of the commercial grain ‘Carioca’, while subplots comprised two N doses: 20 and 120 kg ha-1 applied as topdressing. The following evaluations were carried out: sieve yield (SY), relative grain production on sieves (RGPS), crude protein content (PROT), final water volume absorbed (FVabs), time for maximum hydration (TMH), hydration ratio (HR), cooking time (CT) and resistance to cooking (RC). The results were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test. Multivariate principal component analysis was used to identify processes. The grain quality of common bean is more dependent on the genotype studied than on agricultural management such as nitrogen fertilization. The increase in the N dose applied as topdressing increases the size of common bean grains and their protein content, but with little influence in grain hydration. FVabs and CT depend on the interaction between cultivar and N doses. CT had an inverse correlation with PROT, but it was little pronounced. The cultivars BRSMG Uai, IAC Alvorada, TAA Dama and TAA Bola Cheia have the best grain quality characteristics.
Highlights:

Cultivar interferes more in the common bean technological quality than nitrogen fertilization.
Grains crude protein content had an inverse correlation with the cooking time.
Nitrogen fertilization increases the grains size and crude protein content of common bean, but with little influence in grain hydration.
The cultivars BRSMG Uai, IAC Alvorada, TAA Dama and TAA Bola Cheia have the best grain quality characteristics.
Protected designation of origin as driver of change in goat production systems: Beyond added value
Authors: Bermejo Luis Alberto , Façanha Débora Andrea Evangelista , Guerra Nieves Beneda , Viera Juan José
Published: July 2021

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) is one of the EU tools for rural development. Most of the literature on this subject is focused on premium prices and consumers’ willingness to pay for local products, since PDO and other labels aim to provide premium incomes for farmers. Our assumption is that PDO drives unexpected changes of farming styles not only related to processing or market strategies but also related to local resources using and to stablishing of different approach to agriculture and food production. We analyzed the PDO Queso Palmero (La Palma cheese) as a case of a dual label system (brand–certification common label) because it gives us the opportunity to compare farmers involved in a PDO scheme with farmers who works outside such systems. We conclude that private brands are more important than common label certification in price formation, but both are complementary, since PDO reinforces farmers’ efforts to improve quality. Beyond premium price, PDO also drives a radical change in farm structures, since it reconnects products to local resources (grazing vs intensification) and redesigns relationships with markets (shortening and diversifying chains and widening product offer). This change is characterized by implementation of new farming strategies in the context of PDO structure that coexist with classical farming strategies closer to intensification, not only in terms of productivity but also in terms of decoupling from local resources and productive and market specialization. Therefore, PDO is a powerful tool for rural development in a wide sense (resilience, empowerment, local capacity and network formation among others) far beyond its narrow remit of promoting economic growth (local or regional). Therefore, the coupling with local resources and the strength of local network and relationships as source of resilience, knowledge and capabilities improvement, have to be included in performance assessment of GIs in order to broaden the appraisal of role in regional development.

Highlights

PDO as institution is a powerful tool of farm transformation not only a protection structure of collective heritage or asset.

Private brand effect on price is larger than common label effect (PDO label).

PDO as institution leads radical changes of goat production systems from more production – oriented toward more market – oriented styles.

Market chains and product diversification, focusing on quality, concern about consumers and coupling with local resources are distinctive features of farms involved in PDO.
Mixtures between glyphosate formulations and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in the control of Chloris elata
Authors: Paiola Albrecht Alfredo Junior , Moreira Silva André Felipe , Arrobas Martins Barroso Arthur , Paiola Albrecht Leandro , Placido Henrique Fabrício , De Marco Lucas Rafael , Baccin Luisa Carolina , Victoria-Filho Ricardo
Published: July 2021

Chloris elata is an important weed for grain and sugarcane crops. In addition to its aggressiveness, it may show resistance to glyphosate herbicide. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of glyphosate formulations, isolated or in association with ACCase inhibitors, in controlling C. elata (putatively resistant to glyphosate) at different developmental stages. Four experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of glyphosate application under different formulations with ACCase inhibitors, isolated or in mixtures. Applications were carried out at the stages of four fully expanded leaves in Experiment I, four tillers in Experiment II, and at regrowth of the four-tiller plants in Experiments III and IV. Applications of glyphosate isopropylamine salt associated with sethoxydim or clethodim showed to be among the best treatments in Experiments I, II, and III, presenting control scores equal to or greater than 90%. However, not even these treatments could provide successful control in Experiment IV. Moreover, and regardless of the formulation, isolated glyphosate, showed 85% (Experiment III) and 50% (Experiment IV) maximum controls. Associations between glyphosate and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides showed to be effective in controlling C. elata, especially at early developmental stages. In general, isolated herbicides provided lower percentages of control, as well as higher values of dry matter. Sole herbicide applications were not effective in controlling C. elata (putatively resistant to glyphosate), regardless of the developmental stage.
Highlights:

Mixtures between glyphosate and ACCase-inhibiting have been shown to be effective in C. elata control, especially in the early development stages.
Isolated herbicide applications were not effective in controlling C. elata, regardless of the development stage.
Mixtures between glyphosate and ACCase-inhibiting is more important in the control than the glyphosate formulation or ACCase-inhibiting used.
Ruminal ammonia concentration and fermentation kinetics of commercial herbal feed additives with amino acids
Authors: Lorenzana Moreno Angélica Valeria , De la Torre Hernández María Eugenia , Lizarazo Chaparro Augusto César , Xicoténcatl Plata Pérez Fernando , Miranda Romero Luis Alberto , Martínez García José Antonio , Mendoza Martínez Germán David
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of rumen fermentation while estimating it’s in vitro protein degradation (from ruminal ammonia concentration) and kinetics regarding two herbal feed plant additives. The tested herbal mixtures were elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, providing lysine (Lys) and Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, providing Methionine (Met). They were compared to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and solvent extracted soybean meal (Glicine max), as standard sources of protein using the in vitro gas production technique modified to estimate N-NH3, recording fermentation kinetics and dry matter digestibility (72 h), in a completely randomized design followed by Tukey test. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower (P<0.05) than in the standard protein sources, indicating that protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation. Herbal additives with Lys or Met showed minimum N-NH3 concentration in the first 4 h of incubation. At 8 h, the concentration was 0.27 and 0.54 mg dL-1 for the herbal products with Lys and Met, significantly lower than solvent extracted soybean meal and alfalfa (1.15 and 2.24 mg dL-1 respectively, P<0.05).

Highlights

The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, provide bypass Lysine.

The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, provide bypass Methionine.

Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower than in the standard protein sources.

Protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation.
Social impact analysis of cultural tourism in rural areas of Tlaxcala, Mexico
Authors: Méndez Serrano Luceli , Juárez-Sánchez José Pedro , Ramírez-Valverde Benito , Caso Barrera Laura
Published: July 2021

Alternative tourism, specifically cultural tourism, has gained worldwide importance. This is reflected in the growing number of people preferring this type of leisure activity. However, and even though archaeological and religious contexts represent hubs of attraction for pilgrims and tourists, their development seems to generate social issues. The objective of this research is to analyse the social impact of cultural tourism, from the perspective of tradesmen living in the rural municipality of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Information was collected by surveys. Sample size was calculated using the non-probabilistic method (snowball), and 54 tradesmen owning establishments near tourist attractions, were interviewed. Results evidenced that tradesmen do perceive social problems including traffic congestion, increasing living costs, pollution, street vendors, and augmented competition between businesses. However, they appreciate the benefits of providing tourists with low-cost catering services, considering tourism to be positive or very positive. The conclusion is that economic benefits outweigh the social impacts generated by tourism.
Highlights:

The influx of pilgrims and tourists is generating some social problems in the receiving rural spaces.
Tourism service providers derive little benefit due to the low-cost services in accommodation and meal offer to tourists.
Social problems are increasing (road traffic, higher cost of living, pollution, street vendors) and greater competition between businesses.
Tourist activity is considered good or very good since it contributes to local development.
Broadening Participation in Agricultural Sciences through a STEM Intervention Program
Authors: Clark Quintana M. , Knobloch Neil A. , Esters Levon T. , Brown Brittini R.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives of underrepresented minority students (URM) from several historically Black land-grant universities and minority-serving institutions (MSIs) who attended a STEM intervention program at a predominately White research-intensive university. Guided by expectancy-value motivation and self-efficacy, participants were asked various questions regarding changes in their perspectives of psychosocial and instrumental support and changes in their selfefficacy after participating in the STEM intervention program. Data were collected from participants (n = 80) who attended several historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Findings provide essential insight into motivational, mentoring, and social cognitive experiences that can bolster the recruitment and retention of URM students into predominantly White institutions (PWI) STEM graduate programs.
State FFA Association Use of Instagram to Promote Membership Diversity
Authors: Lawson Cara , Doerfert David L. , Filson Caryn
Published: July 2021

While it presents many opportunities, the National FFA Organization faces a variety of obstacles toward achieving a more diverse membership. Research has recognized the role of social identity, or the way a person perceives belongingness to a larger group, in how individuals select groups for hopeful inclusion. Photos indicate who is part of a group and can elicit attitudes and emotions toward an organization. Recent statistics show teenager use of Instagram, a mobile photo sharing application, has increased while other social media applications have declined. This qualitative study analyzed the frequency and themes presented by state FFA associations through their Instagram accounts to promote a diverse membership through an ethnographic approach. A total of 434 Instagram posts featuring diversity were identified throughout the 52 state FFA associations. Of those, state FFA associations with a minimum of 25% overall diversity posts were further analyzed to determine themes. The most common theme within the diversity posts was “participation,” which included student involvement in contests, conventions, or conferences. This study illustrates variability in the diversity efforts of state FFA associations in their Instagram accounts, and the need to highlight and promote a diverse membership on a consistent and intentional basis.
Transmission and Erosion of Local Knowledge Practices in a Fishing Village in South India
Authors: Pukkalla Dalibandhu , BV Sharma
Published: July 2021

Fishermen acquire knowledge through kin or other members of the community in an informal way, as well as through personal experience. The knowledge thus acquired is viewed as an asset, but the dangers of its erosion are well understood by the fisher communities. This study documents local knowledge based on the experience, observation, and experimentation of the Jalari fishing community in South India. We focus on wave/ocean colors, sea currents, reading the weather, and availability of fishes in different seasons. Cultural transmission and factors potentially influencing the sustenance and erosion of knowledge practices are briefly considered.
Book Review of Eating NAFTA: Trade, Food Policies, and the Destruction of Mexico by Alyshia Gálvez
Authors: Kihlstrom Laura
Published: July 2021

This is a book review of the book 'Eating NAFTA: Trade, Food Policies, and the Destruction of Mexico' by Alyshia Gálvez.
Van ‘Financial Reporting’ en ‘Financial Audit’ naar ‘Corporate Reporting’ en ‘Corporate Assurance’
Authors: Vergoossen Ruud G. A.
Published: July 2021

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Synthesis and application of reducing graphene oxide based nanocomposite materials to improve the solar thermal absorption efficiency for distilling saline water into fresh water
Authors: Bui Thuy
Published: July 2021

This work presents the preparation and characterization of some nanocomposite materials based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Al2O3/rGO, Fe3O4/rGO, Fe3O4–Al2O3/rGO). Thermal sorption ability of prepared nanocomposite materials in salty water were measured.  Results showed that all investigated materials that were dispersed in salty water raised the thermal absorption ability of solutions.  Fe3O4-Al2O3/rGO gived the highest thermal absorption efficiency (the temperature difference between the blank sample and the sample containing Fe3O4-Al2O3/rGO with content of 0.5 mg/mL is 8°C).  The thermal sorption increased with increasing the concentration of materials in solution and the suitable concentration of 5 mg/mL was found. The addition of Fe3O4 increased the thermal sorption and created magnetic property of material.  Fe3O4-Al2O3/rGO was recovered by magnet with high yield up to 98%;  Olny a minor decrease in thermal sorption ability of recovered material was abserved. The distillation rate of salty water dispersed Fe3O4-Al2O3/rGO using solar energy was four times higher than without dispersing it. The results showed that these nanocomposite materials can be used to increase the efficiency of thermal absorption in the process of distilling salty water into fresh water.
Vietnam’s Development of Human Resources in Science and Technology
Authors: Kien M.A , Thi Tran
Published: July 2021

In the knowledge-economy era, the quality of human resources has become a key factor in determining a nation's future. Many people agree that improving not only the skill level of individuals but also management practices and the entire human resources system is the prerequisite for the long-term competitiveness and prosperity of a country. Recently, the Government of Vietnam has issued the number of policies to develop human resources in S&T. Although, Vietnam's human resource in science and technology has increased markedly, both in quality and quantity, making a significant contribution to the development and prosperity of the country, but these policies have not brought the expected results.
Divergent Levels of Functional Connectivity Between Black Americans and Nonhispanic Whites.
Authors: Munkombwe Chinkuli , Misiura Maria , Martinez Gabriel , Turner Jessica A.
Published: July 2021

Black Americans are twice as likely as Nonhispanic Whites to develop Alzheimer’s Disease. In a past study, we found that race modifies the relationship between neuroimaging measures and Alzheimer’s biomarkers between functionally connected regions in the brains of Black Americans. In this study, we aim to replicate these findings in a larger cohort of participants and explore what other factors might be contributing to the observed biomarker-connectivity relationship. We found a marginally significant interaction for race by diagnosis such that Black Americans with dementia had lower connectivity between the precuneus and temporal pole. In contrast, our previous study found that Black Americans had increased connectivity within these regions.
Facemask Wearing and Social Distancing: A Test of Risk Compensation Theory
Authors: Oliver Myriam
Published: July 2021

Studies suggest facemask wearing and social distancing are convenient ways to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. However, people might feel an unwarranted sense of safety when engaging in these COVID-prevention behaviors, as predicted by risk compensation theory. Our field research evaluated whether risk compensation influences facemask wearing and social distancing. The evidence-based theory of risk homeostasis presumes individuals will take more risks when they feel more protected. Therefore, someone wearing a facemask should feel safer and subsequently stand closer to others. Research students tested this theory by observing facemask wearing and social distancing in various locations. These students recorded three different observations in a Qualtrics survey: 1) an individual’s gender, 2) mask-wearing behavior (wearing a facemask, wearing a facemask incorrectly, or not wearing a facemask), and 3) the estimated distance between the individual and the nearest person within a six-foot radius. Our field observations of 2,068 individuals revealed that people wearing a facemask maintained greater social/interpersonal distances than did people not wearing a facemask or wearing a facemask incorrectly. This finding supports response generalization or a positive spillover effect rather than risk compensation.
Research and development of scintillation detectors for the study of cosmic ray
Authors: Biswas Saikat
Published: July 2021

At Bose Institute Prof. Debendra Mohan Bose and his co-workers made globally recognised contributions in the field of cosmic rays including the first recording of mu-meson tracks. Prof. D. M. Bose and Dr. Biva Choudhury did their cosmic ray experiments at the Darjeeling campus of Bose Institute (along with Sandakphu and Pharijong). Presently the Darjeeling campus hosts a National facility for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science. In Kolkata also there is a Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS). In these two campuses, we are still working on the R\&D of plastic scintillation detectors for the study of the cosmic rays to preserve the legacy of Prof. D. M. Bose.

The only cosmic ray air shower array in the eastern part of India, consisting of seven plastic scintillator detectors is commissioned at an altitude of about 2200~meters above sea level (a.s.l.) in the Eastern Himalayas (Darjeeling) at the end of January 2018. The cosmic ray air shower array has a hexagon shape with six detectors kept at the vertices ofthe hexagon and one at the center of it. The distance between two consecutive detectors is 8 meters. Each detectorelement is made up of four plastic scintillators of dimension 50~cm~$\times$~50~cm~$\times$~1~cm thereby forming a totalactive area of 1~m$^2$. These scintillators are fabricated indigenously in the Cosmic RayLaboratory (CRL), TIFR, Ooty, India. All four scintillators of a detector are coupled with a singlePhoto Multiplier Tube (PMT) using wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers. A custom-built module withseven inputs is used to generate a multi-fold trigger. Measurement of the number of cosmic ray airshower is going on since the end of January 2018. The secondary cosmic ray flux and its variation overtime are also recorded at the laboratory in Darjeeling using a three-fold coincidence technique withplastic scintillators. All the details of the experimental setup, techniques of measurement are reported earlier. The updates in the results are presented in this article.

In this review article, the details of the R\&D program of plastic scintillation detectors carried out during the last five years, for the study of cosmic ray is reported.
Pandemic Preparedness
Authors: Barrett Nolan , Yu Jessie , Hoffer Loralee , Browning Samuel , Geller Scott
Published: July 2021

With inconsistent COVID-19 prevention guidelines being issued across different local governments, an examination of how individual businesses are implementing infection-control interventions on their own is needed. This study assessed the relative compliance of businesses with infection-control guidelines implemented to decrease the spread of COVID-19. Researchers employed an environmental/behavioral checklist to systematically record how the guidelines were followed in community areas where people congregate and risk receiving or spreading COVID-19. Early numbers show that most establishments post signs with guidelines at entrances, require masks for entry, deny entry for symptomatic individuals, and have installed protective barriers between customers and employees. There are also high rates of compliance with mask-wearing guidelines among employees. Future directions include collaboration with other universities for more robust, large-scale data collection and analyses.