bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Large-scale Field Structures on the Scaling Anisotropy in 3D MHD Turbulence
Authors: Yang Liping , Tu Chuanyi , He Jiansen , Wu Honghong , Wang Xin , Feng Xueshang
Published: October 2021

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is revealed to have scaling anisotropy based on structure function calculations. Recent studies on solar wind turbulence found that the scaling anisotropy disappears when removing large-scale field structures. This finding raises questions as to whether numerical MHD turbulences have large-scale field structures. How do these structures affect the scaling anisotropy therein? Here we investigate these questions with a driven compressible three-dimensional MHD turbulence. We introduce a new method to check how the random stationarity condition is satisfied. We find for the first time in the numerical MHD turbulence that the large-scale field structures destroy the random stationarity of the local fields and make samplings nonparallel to the instantaneous fields be calculated as apparent parallel samplings. This mixture makes statistical calculations show anisotropic scaling of the turbulence. When we select only the random stationary data intervals, the statistical results show an isotropic nature. We also find that among the large-scale field structures, one-third are tangential discontinuities (TDs), one-third are rotational discontinuities (RDs), and the rest are EDs (either TD or RD). These results show that the large-scale structures in the numerical MHD turbulence have important influence on the structure function analysis.
The Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C) Data Release 3: 3000 High-quality Spectra of K

s
-selected Galaxies at z > 0.6
Authors: van der Wel Arjen , Bezanson Rachel , D’Eugenio Francesco , Straatman Caroline , Franx Marijn , van Houdt Josha , Maseda Michael V. , Gallazzi Anna , Wu Po-Feng , Pacifici Camilla , Barisic Ivana , Brammer Gabriel B. , Munoz-Mateos Juan Carlos , Vervalcke Sarah , Zibetti Stefano , Sobral David , de Graaff Anna , Calhau Joao , Kaushal Yasha , Muzzin Adam , Bell Eric F. , van Dokkum Pieter G.
Published: October 2021

We present the third and final data release of the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C), an ESO/Very Large Telescope public spectroscopic survey targeting 0.6 < z < 1.0, Ks
-selected galaxies. The data release contains 3528 spectra with measured stellar velocity dispersions and stellar population properties, a 25-fold increase in sample size compared to previous work. This K

s
-selected sample probes the galaxy population down to ∼0.3L*, for all colors and morphological types. Along with the spectra, we publish a value-added catalog with stellar and ionized gas velocity dispersions, stellar absorption line indices, emission-line fluxes, and equivalent widths, complemented with structural parameters measured from Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging. With its combination of high precision and large sample size, LEGA-C provides a new benchmark for galaxy evolution studies.
Exploring the Solar Wind from Its Source on the Corona into the Inner Heliosphere during the First Solar Orbiter–Parker Solar Probe Quadrature
Authors: Telloni Daniele , Andretta Vincenzo , Antonucci Ester , Bemporad Alessandro , Capuano Giuseppe E. , Fineschi Silvano , Giordano Silvio , Habbal Shadia , Perrone Denise , Pinto Rui F. , Sorriso-Valvo Luca , Spadaro Daniele , Susino Roberto , Woodham Lloyd D. , Zank Gary P. , Romoli Marco , Bale Stuart D. , Kasper Justin C. , Auchère Frédéric , Bruno Roberto , Capobianco Gerardo , Case Anthony W. , Casini Chiara , Casti Marta , Chioetto Paolo , Corso Alain J. , Da Deppo Vania , De Leo Yara , Dudok de Wit Thierry , Frassati Federica , Frassetto Fabio , Goetz Keith , Guglielmino Salvo L. , Harvey Peter R. , Heinzel Petr , Jerse Giovanna , Korreck Kelly E. , Landini Federico , Larson Davin , Liberatore Alessandro , Livi Roberto , MacDowall Robert J. , Magli Enrico , Malaspina David M. , Massone Giuseppe , Messerotti Mauro , Moses John D. , Naletto Giampiero , Nicolini Gianalfredo , Nisticò Giuseppe , Panasenco Olga , Pancrazzi Maurizio , Pelizzo Maria G. , Pulupa Marc , Reale Fabio , Romano Paolo , Sasso Clementina , Schühle Udo , Stangalini Marco , Stevens Michael L. , Strachan Leonard , Straus Thomas , Teriaca Luca , Uslenghi Michela , Velli Marco , Verscharen Daniel , Volpicelli Cosimo A. , Whittlesey Phyllis , Zangrilli Luca , Zimbardo Gaetano , Zuppella Paola
Published: October 2021

This Letter addresses the first Solar Orbiter (SO)–Parker Solar Probe (PSP) quadrature, occurring on 2021 January 18 to investigate the evolution of solar wind from the extended corona to the inner heliosphere. Assuming ballistic propagation, the same plasma volume observed remotely in the corona at altitudes between 3.5 and 6.3 solar radii above the solar limb with the Metis coronagraph on SO can be tracked to PSP, orbiting at 0.1 au, thus allowing the local properties of the solar wind to be linked to the coronal source region from where it originated. Thanks to the close approach of PSP to the Sun and the simultaneous Metis observation of the solar corona, the flow-aligned magnetic field and the bulk kinetic energy flux density can be empirically inferred along the coronal current sheet with an unprecedented accuracy, allowing in particular estimation of the Alfvén radius at 8.7 solar radii during the time of this event. This is thus the very first study of the same solar wind plasma as it expands from the sub-Alfvénic solar corona to just above the Alfvén surface.
Observational Effects of Banded Repeating FRBs
Authors: Aggarwal Kshitij
Published: October 2021

Recent observations have shown that repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) exhibit band-limited emission, whose frequency-dependent amplitude can be modeled using a Gaussian function. In this analysis, we show that banded emission of FRBs can lead to incompleteness across the observing band. This biases the detected sample of bursts and can explain the various shapes of cumulative energy distributions seen for repeating FRBs. We assume a Gaussian shape of the burst spectra and use simulations to demonstrate the above bias using an FRB 121102-like example. We recovered energy distributions that showed a break in power law and flattening of power law at low energies, based on the fluence threshold of the observations. We provide recommendations for single-pulse searches and analysis of repeating FRBs to account for this incompleteness. Primarily, we recommend that burst spectra should be modeled to estimate the intrinsic fluence and bandwidth of the burst robustly. Also, bursts that lie mainly within the observing band should be used for analyses of energy distributions. We show that the bimodality reported in the distribution of energies of FRB 121102 by Li et al. disappears when burst bandwidth, instead of the center frequency of the observation, is used to estimate energy. Subbanded searches will also aid in detecting band-limited bursts. All the analysis scripts used in this work are available in a Github repository (https://github.com/KshitijAggarwal/banded_repeater_analysis).
Star Formation Histories of Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies: Environmental Differences between Magellanic and Non-Magellanic Satellites?*
Authors: Sacchi Elena , Richstein Hannah , Kallivayalil Nitya , van der Marel Roeland , Libralato Mattia , Zivick Paul , Besla Gurtina , Brown Thomas M. , Choi Yumi , Deason Alis , Fritz Tobias , Geha Marla , Guhathakurta Puragra , Jeon Myoungwon , Kirby Evan , Majewski Steven R. , Patel Ekta , Simon Joshua D. , Tony Sohn Sangmo , Tollerud Erik , Wetzel Andrew
Published: October 2021

We present the color–magnitude diagrams and star formation histories (SFHs) of seven ultra-faint dwarf galaxies: Horologium 1, Hydra 2, Phoenix 2, Reticulum 2, Sagittarius 2, Triangulum 2, and Tucana 2, derived from high-precision Hubble Space Telescope photometry. We find that the SFH of each galaxy is consistent with them having created at least 80% of the stellar mass by z ∼ 6. For all galaxies, we find quenching times older than 11.5 Gyr ago, compatible with the scenario in which reionization suppresses the star formation of small dark matter halos. However, our analysis also reveals some differences in the SFHs of candidate Magellanic Cloud satellites, i.e., galaxies that are likely satellites of the Large Magellanic Cloud and that entered the Milky Way potential only recently. Indeed, Magellanic satellites show quenching times about 600 Myr more recent with respect to those of other Milky Way satellites, on average, even though the respective timings are still compatible within the errors. This finding is consistent with theoretical models that suggest that satellites’ SFHs may depend on their host environment at early times, although we caution that within the error bars all galaxies in our sample are consistent with being quenched at a single epoch.
Health Education With Audiovisual Media and Relaxation Massage in Lowering Blood Pressure and Improved Sleep Quality for the Elderly
Authors: Mustika I Wayan , Sudiantara Ketut , Lestari Agus Sri
Published: October 2021

Intruduction: The aging process results in a progressive decline in physiological functions with age, including a decrease in productivity. Hypertension is a major problem in public health in Indonesia and in developing countries. Hypertension is a common cause of disturbed sleep patterns, due to structural and functional changes in the peripheral vascular system. The purpose of this study was the effect of health education with audiovisual methods and relaxation massage to reduce blood pressure and sleep quality disorders in the elderly. Materials and Methods: Experimental research (community trial) with pretest-posttest control group design. The target population in this study is the elderly who are included in the elderly age group, namely > 50 years in Selemadeg District, Tabanan Regency. The sample size is 90 elderly, determined based on the results of previous studies with a standard deviation (σ) = 0.51, the difference in the mean of cognitive changes (μ1- 2) = 0.30. divided into two groups, the treatment group and the control group. The independent variable is health education using audiovisual media and Relaxation Massage and the dependent variable is blood pressure. Data collection tools in the form of sphygmomanometer, observation sheet. Data analysis used independent t-test, paired t-test and Multivariate ANOVA test. Result: The blood pressure of the treatment group before the intervention mostly had grade I hypertension (53.3%), and after the intervention most of the blood pressure improved to normal (57.8%), and this result was statistically significant (0.000). In the treatment group before the intervention, many had poor sleep quality (46.7%), and after the intervention improved sleep quality in the good category (53.3%), and this result was statistically significant (0.000). Conclotion: It is concluded that the provision of health education with audiovisual methods and massage relaxation can reduce blood pressure and improve sleep quality in the elderly.
The Phenomenon of Family Empowerment in Caring for People with Mental Disorders
Authors: Santosa Heru , Nurmaini Nurmaini , Effendy Elmeida , Daulay Wardiyah
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Families, especially parents, are the closest people expected to care for people with mental disorders and this means family-focused care mental disorders is the main concept for the management of the illness due to the close relationship.

AIM: The study was, therefore, conducted to explore the phenomenon of applying family empowerment in people with mental disorders as a means of developing instruments.

METHODS: The research was qualitative with a phenomenological approach and data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed with the Colaizzi method. The participants include 14 families having someone with mental disorders and selected using the purposive sampling technique.

RESULTS: The results, however, produced seven themes which are the perception of mental disorders, motivation to care, family participation, withdrawal from drugs, spirituality, costs, and alternative treatments.

CONCLUSIONS: This task was found to be the main effort by a family to provide appropriate assistance in accordance with the observed health problems and internal family resources considered capable of deciding are expected to determine the right action to overcome the problems.
Integrative taxonomic review of the genus Peschetius (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae) from India with description of two new species
Authors: Sheth Sayali D. , Ghate Hemant V. , Dahanukar Neelesh , Hájek Jiří
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The diving beetle genusPeschetiusGuignot, 1942 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in India is reviewed. Integrative taxonomic approach using morphology, multivariate morphometry and genetic analysis of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 revealed the presence of four species, two of which are described here as new:Peschetius bistroemisp. nov.from southern Western Ghats (Kerala) differs from all known congeners with distinctly broadened male antennomeres IV and V, shape of the prosternal process and the male genitalia;P. nilssonisp. nov.from northern Western Ghats, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh is similar to the widespread IndianP. toxophorusGuignot, 1942, from which it differs in habitus, elytral colour pattern and the shape of the male genitalia. New records are presented for the remaining Indian species, namelyP. quadricostatus(Aubé, 1838) andP. toxophorus. All species are diagnosed, illustrated and a key to their identification is provided.
Le paternalisme comme système de contrôle dans la durée : une approche historique du « Système Michelin »
Authors: Cohanier Bruno , Baker Charles Richard
Published: October 2021

Le Groupe Michelin a été fondé en 1889 à Clermont-Ferrand par deux frères André et Édouard Michelin. Depuis sa création, cette société a déployé un système de contrôle paternaliste offrant différents « privilèges » à ses employés. En retour, les fondateurs et directeurs généraux successifs espéraient de la « loyauté » et un travail « diligent ». Fondé sur une méthode historique l’article propose d’éclairer le système de contrôle sous un angle culturel, puis dans sa relation avec le paternalisme. Il expose les étapes de l'évolution du système de contrôle chez Michelin en proposant une discussion à cet égard.
Appréhender les transformations de l’activité versus de la cognition des enseignant·es : approches (in)compatibles ?
Authors: Gvozdic Katarina , Lussi Borer Valérie
Published: October 2021

Résumé – Dans cet article, nous croisons deux entrées : l’entrée activité, qui s’appuie sur des enquêtes collaboratives soutenues par la vidéo, et l’entrée cognitive, qui s’appuie sur des questionnaires et de l’expérimentation. Les verbalisations produites dans le cadre des enquêtes collaboratives ainsi que les réponses récoltées par les questionnaires reflètent des conceptions implicites, dont les processus sous-jacents font l’objet d’études en sciences cognitives. Dans cet article nous mettons les concepts clés relatifs au développement professionnel des enseignants en regard avec ceux relatifs au développement conceptuel et nous analysons les points de convergence et de tension. Outre une analyse théorique, nous portons un regard croisé sur les corpus et méthodologies existants, en analysant les atouts des différentes approches. Enfin, nous concluons en proposant un dispositif de recherche qui pourrait permettre aux deux entrées d’interagir de manière complémentaire.
Du cerveau à la classe, un pont toujours aussi loin ?
Authors: Sander Emmanuel
Published: October 2021

John Bruer a signé en novembre 1997 dans Educational Researcher un article séminal, « Education and the brain : A bridge too far » (« L’éducation et le cerveau : un pont trop loin »), en référence au film éponyme de Richard Attenborough relatant une opération alliée manquée de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Dans cet article, Bruer défend l’idée d’une distance trop importante entre les neurosciences et la salle de classe. Alors que les neurosciences affichent des prétentions de plus en plus importantes sur les questions d’éducation, l’objectif de la présente contribution est de réinterroger cette ambition vingt-cinq ans après la publication de cet article, période durant laquelle les publications liant éducation et neurosciences ont fait un spectaculaire bond quantitatif, et où tant la sphère politique que celle du journalisme d’information scientifique se sont saisies de ce sujet. La question des mythes éducatifs, prétendument appuyés sur des travaux de neurosciences mais consistant en fait en extrapolations et généralisations abusives dans lesquelles les propres auteurs de ces contributions voient un dévoiement de leurs recherches, sera en particulier abordée, ainsi que les voies possibles pour promouvoir une approche documentée des liens entre neurosciences et éducation, mobilisable pour la formation des enseignants et intégrable dans les pratiques enseignantes.
Quelles relations entre le laboratoire et la salle de classe ? L’exemple de l’apprentissage du nombre chez les jeunes enfants
Authors: Gimbert Fanny , Mazens Karine
Published: October 2021

Le développement des compétences mathématiques et l’apprentissage du concept de nombre chez les jeunes enfants suscite récemment un intérêt croissant à travers le prisme de différentes disciplines, plus ou moins jeunes, notamment les sciences de l’éducation, la psychologie des apprentissages et les neurosciences. Une première partie de cet article présente une synthèse des apports de la psychologie du développement en cognition numérique. Une seconde partie présente des résultats d’études interventionnelles auprès d’élèves, en laboratoire ou à l’école. Les études présentées évaluent l’efficacité de programmes d’intervention mettant en jeu une ou plusieurs compétences mathématiques dont au moins une en lien avec l’apprentissage du concept de nombre. Pour finir, sont présentées certaines initiatives récentes visant à renforcer le lien entre le laboratoire et la salle de classe concernant l’apprentissage des mathématiques.
New Results on Diffusion in Graphene Nanostructures for Sensoristics
Authors: Di Sia Paolo
Published: October 2021

Graphene has particularly interesting chemical and physical properties, including high chemical and mechanical resistance, excellent thermal and electric transport, high transparency. It combines the peculiarity of being an extremely light material with exceptional mechanical strength properties. Micro/nanoelectronics represents one of the key enabling technologies (KETs) of the future; it is the basis of innovation and competitiveness of almost all scientific and applicative sectors. Activities involving it are aimed at the development of new materials, processes, devices and technologies in a wide range of sectors, involving quantum information manipulation, multi-functional platforms, advanced materials, devices on flexible substrates. In the field of sensoristics, it is possible to create devices for applications in most sectors of global interest, such as punctual sensors, biosensors, specific transducers, multisensoristic systems, flexible sensoristic systems, multifunctional systems, advanced MEMS/MOEMS technologies for sensoristics, micro/nanoactuators, devices for energy convertion, gravimetric-electrochemical sensors. The paper provides an interesting overview of the possible applications of graphene in relation to its mechanical, thermal and optical properties, and relatively to the gas and biological sensoristic aspects, so as interesting informations for the increase in nanobio-devices performance by last efforts in theoretical nanophysics.
Study of the Effect of Physical Aging on the Polylactic Acid by Thermal and Optical Techniques
Authors: Bouamer Amirouche , Benrekaa Nasser , Younes Abderrahmane
Published: October 2021

In this work, we investigated the influence of physical aging on polylactic acid (PLA) films using thermal and optical techniques; Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Current (TSDC), and Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy (ATR). The PLA films were aged for different periods: 60, 90, and 120 minutes at a temperature Ta= 43 °C. The result obtained by DSC showed that the effect of physical aging appeared as an endothermic peak, which increased with increasing aging time and evolved towards higher temperatures. TSDC results showed a thermal current peak located between 30 and 80 ° C, which represented the main relaxation mode (α relaxation) of the dielectric manifestation of the glass transition. The intensity of this peak decreased and was shifted to higher temperatures when aging time increased, this result can be explained by a decrease in the molecular mobility of macromolecular chains due to the decrease in the free volume. The effect of physical aging on the PLA by the ATR technique showed a gradual decrease in all absorption bands during the aging period. In particular, the wide absorption band between 3000 and 3700 cm-1attributed to the hydroxyl group (OH), which disappeared after two hours of aging
Dynamic Behavior Study of Functionally Graded Porous Nanoplates
Authors: Adda Hadj Mostefa , Ali Bouchafa , Slimane Merdaci
Published: October 2021

This paper introduces the analytical solutions of complex behavior analysis utilizing high-order shear deformation plate theory of functionally graded FGM nano-plate content consisting of a mixture of metal and ceramics with porosity. To incorporate the small-scale effect, the non-local principle of elasticity is used. The impact of variance of material properties such as thickness-length ratio, aspect ratio, power-law exponent and porosity factor on natural frequencies of FG nano-plate is examined. Compared to those achieved from other researchers, the latest solutions are. Using the simulated displacements theory, equilibrium equations are obtained. Current solutions of the dimensionless frequency are compared with those of the finite element method. The effect of geometry, material variations of nonlocal FG nano-plates and the porosity factor on their natural frequencies are investigated in this review. The results are in good agreement with those of the literature.
Far Infrared Laser Detector Based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Blend of (Polyaniline - Polymethyl Methacrylate) Polymers with Methyl Blue Dye for Photoconductive Applications
Authors: Saleh Wasan R. , Hassan Salma M. , Al-Dabagh Samar Y. , Marwa Marwa A.
Published: October 2021

Infrared photoconductive detectors working in the far-infrared region and room temperature were fabricated. The detectors were fabricated using three types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs); MWCNTs, COOH-MWCNTs, and short-MWCNTs. The carbon nontubes suspension is deposited by dip coating and drop–casting techniques to prepare thin films of CNTs. These films were deposited on porous silicon (PSi) substrates of n-type Si. The I-V characteristics and the figures of merit of the fabricated detectors were measured at a forward bias voltage of 3 and 5 volts as well as at dark and under illumination by IR radiation from a CO2 laser of 10.6 μm wavelengths and power of 2.2 W. The responsivity and figures of merit of the photoconductive detector are improved by coating the MWCNTs films with a thin layer of a blend (polyaniline - polymethyl methacrylate) polymer with methylene blue dye. The coated MWCNTs films showed better performances, so this type of coating can be considered as a surface treatment of the detector film, which highly increased the responsivity and specific detectivity of the fabricated IR laser detector-based MWCNTs. The photocurrent response for the coated films was increased about 25 times than that for uncoated films. The results proved the role of the polymer in the enhancement of the performance of the IR photoconductive detectors. Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, Infrared detector, Polyaniline polymer, Polymethyl methacrylate polymer, Methyl Blue dye.
Integrating an imaging session in obstetrics and gynaecology curriculum as an improvement in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Kurien A. , Subramaniyam V. , Veasuvalingam B. , Goodson M.
Published: October 2021

Objective: Choosing the right modality of imaging and interpreting the results are challenging for undergraduate medical students as radiology remains underrepresented in the curriculum. An interdisciplinary workshop with integration of radiology in obstetrics and gynaecology was introduced and we analysed the student’s perception of this novel approach. Materials and methods: A mixed methodology was used. Data triangulation was done with questionnaire, written feedback, and peer observation. This workshop was conducted for final year medical students during their obstetrics and gynaecology rotation and the data was collected at the end of the session. Results: A total of 122 students participated in the study. The results indicate an overall satisfaction rate of 98%. Majority of the students (99 %) felt the material is clinically relevant and 97% reported gaining confidence in choosing the right imaging technique. The course organisation, presentation and knowledge levels were also rated very high. This was also evident in the narratives and peer observation. Conclusion: The high satisfaction rate received for this innovation and integration supports conducting speciality-based radiology sessions. This can be viewed as a quality improvement technique to the undergraduate medical curriculum and will aid students for their future practice as safe foundation year doctors.
Medical students’ preferences in using various learning resources for physiology
Authors: Bhimani N. , Kowale A. N.
Published: October 2021

Background: The number of resources available and accessible to medical students studying a Physiology in their phase 1 of M.B.B.S. is growing in leaps and bounds. Apart from traditional learning resources such as lectures and textbooks, students are increasingly using e-learning tools to learn Physiology. The students’ preference for learning resources has not been studied in detail in any Indian settings. The deeper and better understanding of the tools used by students for learning medical Physiology could provide useful information to medical educators when designing and implementing Physiology curriculum for medical students. Methods: 200 first M.B.B.S students were invited to complete an online survey. Questions asked were pertaining to students’ frequency of using different types of resources when learning Physiology in first year of M.B.B.S. Results: 192/200 (92%) of students completed the survey, with the respondent age between 17 -19 years. The gender distribution was even, with male (n =93, 46.50%) and female (n = 99, 54.50%) students responding to the survey. The students preferred to attend practical classes (RII = 0.95), read textbooks for learning a topic (RII = 0.91), attend a lecture class (RII = 0.85) and attend a small group discussion (RII = 0.81). Conclusion: Inspite of increase in e-learning resources, traditional resources like attendance in practical classes, reading textbooks for learning a topic, attendance in lecture class and attendance small group discussion for learning Physiology are preferred ways by the students.
Cultivating self-directed learning skills in the budding doctors: An attempt to transform an ‘Indian medical graduate’ into a ‘lifelong learner’
Authors: Bhandari, B Aprajita
Published: October 2021

Medical Education is a dynamic professional entity and the practice trends for the physicians evolve rapidly to reflect advancement in the scientific technology and also, to keep pace with the health care needs of the society. Cultivating self-regulated lifelong learning skills and attitude in the medical graduates is now included as one of the competencies by Medical Council of India. Self-directed Learning (SDL) is a dynamic learning journey in which the onus of learning lies with the student and teacher is the facilitator of learning. This learning experience can be enhanced with the appropriate utilization of Information and computer technology. For effective implementation, the faculty and the students must be sensitized and trained on various modules, strategies, virtue, time and stress management techniques for SDL session. Concurrently, a large body of available literature believes that the self-directed learning is more enjoyable and at the same time, as effective as the traditional methods of education. The key component of this active learning is self-monitoring, self-assessment and reflective writing by the students. The tendency to master SDL skills is an integral link between under graduate and post graduate training and hence, is essential for enhancing professional development. The medical education stake-holders are facing numerous challenges in implementation of SDL sessions and they are still struggling to bring about flawless transitions in the medical education from one phase to another. Nevertheless, this novel learning approach would create more refined physicians who are capable of handling the rapid transformations in the medical policies.
Psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents in an urban setting in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Chilukuri Shvetha , Singisetti Srinivas , Nukala Srikrishna , Vinnakota Archana , Garapati Abhilash , Sanapala Vidya , Nambaru Laxman Rao
Published: October 2021

Background:

Existing literature around pandemics suggests that preventive measures during lockdown have an adverse impact on psychological well-being across different demographic groups. In particular, parents' stress is somewhat complex and influenced by the demands of looking after children, homeschooling, and an increase in domestic chores and needs exploration and timely attention.

Aims:

The aim is to study the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and various associated factors on parents.

Settings and Design:

This was a cross-sectional study done online using Google Forms sent to WhatsApp groups in an urban setting in Andhra Pradesh, on a purposive sampling basis.

Materials and Methods:

A purposive sampling approach using a survey questionnaire through WhatsApp produced data from 159 parents who completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) short version and the Parental Stress Scale (PSS).

Results and Conclusions:

Criteria for severe stress on the DASS-21 were met in 47% of parents. Severe anxiety and depression were noted in 39% and 40% of the sampled parents, respectively. Mean parental stress scale score significantly correlated with the depression, anxiety, and stress subscales of the DASS-21. These findings indicate that pandemics and subsequent disease-containment responses such as lockdown may create a condition that parents may find overwhelming and one that could have a negative impact on parents and children. Pandemic planning must address these needs within the disease-containment measures.
Surgical Resection of Very Small Multiple Papillary Fibroelastomas of the Aortic Valve
Authors: Useini Dritan , Schlömicher Markus , Bechtel Matthias , Strauch Justus
Published: October 2021

Papillary fibroelastomas (PFEs) in multiple presentations on the aortic valve surface are extremely rare tumors that can cause sudden major cardio-cerebral adverse events. The treatment of these tumors varies from conservative care strategy to curative surgical resection. The bigger the tumor size, the bigger seems the tendency toward surgical treatment concepts. Here, we present the case of a completely healthy young woman who suffered sudden myocardial infarction and occlusion of the circumflex artery caused by very small multiple PFEs of the aortic valve. The patient underwent cardiac surgery for resection at our institution. The surgical approach appears to be recommended as a solitary reasonable treatment option once multiple PFEs have been detected.
Audit of requests for disability certification of adults received at a tertiary care general hospital psychiatry unit
Authors: Sen Mahadev Singh , Deep Raman , Nair Vanaja , Chadda Rakesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Background:

Persons with disability (PwD) are entitled to certain benefits from the State on grounds of being disabled. With the recent enactment of the Rights of PwD Act, 2016, and increased efforts to provide assistance to persons with certifiable disabilities, data pertaining to disability requests can be useful to understand the way in which services are utilized.

Materials and Methods:

This study is an audit of the disability certificates issued to all subjects with age ≥18 years between 2016 and 2019 at a tertiary care general hospital psychiatry unit, and discusses the pattern and profile of the certificates.

Results:

A total of 356 patients were issued disability certificates (2016–2019). The mean age of the subjects was 32.8 (±11.2) years and about 30% of them were females. Intellectual disability (58.3%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by schizophrenia and related disorders (31%), while all other disorders constituted a smaller proportion (11%) of the sample. About 60% of the subjects had moderate disability, 37.4% had severe disability, and 1.7% had profound disability.

Conclusion:

A large majority of the certificates were issued to subjects with intellectual disability. Patients with severe mental illnesses are probably not accessing the disability benefits optimally. This audit also points to under-representation of women as well as an overall underutilization of services by individuals with mental disability.
Rare Presentation of Odontogenic Myxoma – A Case Report
Authors: Varsha AC , Parihar Ajay , Reddy Prashanthi , Sutare Ajay L.
Published: October 2021

Odontogenic myxoma is a benign locally aggressive odontogenic tumor that arises from the mesenchymal portion of the tooth germ. They occur most frequently in the second or third decade of life and rarely occur before the age of 10 and after the age of 50. These are slow-growing tumors, but they may be locally aggressive, especially in the maxilla. Here we report the case of odontogenic myxoma in a 25-year-old male patient in the mandibular anterior region, which is usually seen in the posterior aspect of the mandible.
Does the morphology of the umbilicus influence the incidence of surgical site infections in transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy?
Authors: Lee Dae Jun , Kim Kwang Yong , Ahn Soo Kyung , Yoon Sang Nam , Cho Ji Woong , Lee Sam Yeol , Jung Bong Hwa , Kim Byung Chun , Hwang Ji Woong
Published: October 2021

Background:

Transumbilical laparoscopic appendectomy (TULA) may be a feasible alternative to conventional laparoscopic appendectomy. However, a transumbilical incision may increase incisional surgical site infections (SSIs) compared to conventional laparoscopic appendectomy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the morphology of the umbilicus and the incidence of SSIs in patients who underwent TULA.

Patients and Methods:

This retrospective study analysed the medical records of consecutive patients who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis at our institution from June 2016 to October 2020. The patients were assigned to the SSI group (those with an SSI) or the non-SSI group. The morphology of the umbilicus was calculated by measuring its width and depth on preoperative computed tomography images and was compared between the SSI and non-SSI groups.

Results:

The SSI group included 23 patients, while the non-SSI group included 252 patients. The width of the umbilicus was significantly shorter in the SSI group than in the non-SSI group (29 ± 10 mm vs. 34 ± 9 mm, P = 0.027). The umbilicus was slightly deeper in the SSI group than in the non-SSI group; however, the difference was not significant (16 mm vs. 15 mm, P = 0.384).

Conclusions:

This was the first study investigating the correlation between the morphology of the umbilicus and SSI development in TULA. SSIs tended to occur more commonly in a narrow and deep umbilicus. An extension of the umbilical incision may help prevent SSI in patients with this umbilical morphology.
Hemostatic Radiotherapy
Authors: Shah Aastha , Suryanarayan U
Published: October 2021

Radiotherapy is one of the widely used modalities of treatment in an oncology setting whether the approach to treat cancer is either curative or palliative. Tumor masses bleeding is not an uncommon emergency in cancer patients and local radiotherapy is very commonly used as a hemostatic therapy. Hemostatic radiotherapy is used in wide variety of cancers such as head-and-neck cancers including oral tongue and base of tongue cancers more commonly, fungating and bleeding neck nodes, bleeding bronchial, and lung tumors presenting as hemoptysis, pelvic malignancies most commonly includes cervical cancers presenting as bleeding per vaginum. teletherapy as well as brachytherapy both can be used for alleviation of symptoms thus avoiding a protracted course and improving the quality of life of patients. The radiotherapy doses of 40 Gray in 15 fractions, 30 Gray in 10 fractions, 20 Gray in 5 fractions, 15 Gray in 5 fractions,8 Gray in single fraction and 4 Gray in single fraction have been used which are equally effective for controlling bleeding but protracted courses should be avoided to prevent treatment dropouts. Long-term side effects are more to be worried of in cases of hypofractionation but such patients have a poor median survival generally so symptom alleviation should be our utmost target. Hypofractionated palliative hemostatic radiotherapy is very effective for the alleviation of symptoms and the purpose of the treatment approach but individualized patient-based decisions should be used for tumor control if to be planned further.
An Unusual Case of Proximal Variant of Epithelioid Sarcoma of the Shoulder
Authors: Nudurupati Raja Rao , Rani Mattaparti Sri Sailaja , Suvvari Tarun Kumar , Salibindla Divya Bala A M R , Mantha Mani Kruthika
Published: October 2021

Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rarely occurring malignant soft tissue tumor of uncertain histogenesis. It is most common among young males and commonly seen on the forearm, hand, and fingers. ES begins as a small lump or ulcer, and most were painless. ES has a high rate of recurrence and can spread to other parts of the body easily. Hence, physicians should take the necessary steps to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. We present an interesting case of a 26-year-old male diagnosed with a proximal variant of ES of the shoulder.
Surveillance of Measles Disease in Libya, 2018
Authors: Alkoshi Salem
Published: October 2021

Background:

Measles surveillance program plays an essential role in determining disease prevalence data and outbreaks as well as monitoring the preventive activities toward measles elimination. This study illustrates epidemiological measles indicators through the national measles surveillance program in Libya in the year 2018.

Materials and Methods:

Annual measles surveillance report in 2018 was analyzed to figure out the spread of measles disease. Case-based surveillance is being implemented to notify suspected measles cases (skin rash and fever) through the measles surveillance system. The program depends on immediate notification of suspected measles cases and blood sample collection by official measles surveillance officers covered most health facilities in the country. National measles laboratory is the only official institute authorized to confirm measles cases. The characteristics such as the number of confirmed measles cases, deaths, age group, measles trends, and vaccination status were analyzed to find the indicators, as well as the incidence rate of measles cases was calculated nationwide.

Results:

Total number of measles cases was 1059 confirmed from 1852 suspected measles cases. Of confirmed cases, 339 were laboratory confirmation and 720 were epi-linked, with limited deaths (2 cases) were registered in the year. Seven outbreaks were detected in several locations. The age group of most cases (86%) was below 3 years of age group. Measles incidence was 152 per million which higher than previous years and comparable to many neighboring countries. The measles vaccine was not reached to 47% of suspected cases. Seasonality of measles was not in normal trend as it was continued high even in the summer month.

Conclusion:

A significant measles burden was shown through the measles surveillance system even though high measles vaccination coverage rate was officially documented. Supplementary immunization activities should be an essential action point to mitigate measles morbidity.
Venous lactate level as a predictor to determine the outcome in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the emergency department
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Verma Diwakar , Gupta Kapil , Kiran Madhu , Pareek Shatrughan , Mehta Mahish
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is occasionally seen in various clinical conditions in emergency departments (EDs). It is associated with more disease burden and mortality. Most severe patients with upper GIB (UGIB) have an increased level of lactate, whereas it is still not considering a risk predictor among the patients. The present study aimed to evaluate several levels and a cut-off value of lactate for predicting outcomes of patients with UGIB.

Materials and Methods:

The present cross-sectional observational prospective study was conducted in the ED of Max Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, over a study period of 18 months from June 2015 to December 2016. The participants selected for the study were more than 17 years old from both genders with UGIB. In the study, 300 subjects were selected by the convenient sampling method. All the analyses was done by SPSS-20.

Results:

In this study, male and female subjects were 75.7% and 24.3%, respectively. Nearly 25% of the participants were hypertensive and diabetic. The study highlighted that the mean lactate level was 4.55±2.45 mmol/L; however, the range of the lactate level was 1.4–14. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimum cutoff of lactate was 4.55 mmol/L, had an area under the curve of 0.905 (confidence interval: 0.861–0.949), sensitivity of 80.5%, specificity of 98.9%, and P-value of less than 0.05. Likewise, the results of this study also communicated that there was a significant positive correlation (P-value = 0.001*) between the level of lactate and the outcome of the patients. The present study also discriminated that venous lactate levels 4.55 mmol/L and above are associated with mortality and hospital stay.

Conclusion:

Findings of this research study suggested that venous lactate level is an effective predictor of patient outcome among patients with UGIB. Furthermore, early assessment and management are needed to reduced mortality and morbidity among patients with UGIB.
Impact of Internet in school-going adolescents
Authors: Jadhav Shraddha , Godara Praveen , Marwale Arun V. , Murambikar Gaurav P. , Deshmukh Deepanjali , Garg Prince
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Internet addiction is an online-related, compulsive behavior that interferes with normal living and causes severe stress on family, friends, loved ones, and one’s work environment. The addiction behavior becomes unmanageable, completely dominates the addict’s life, and impacts relationships and work.

Aim:

To identify the level of Internet addiction among school-going adolescents and its associated factors.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among school-going adolescents of age 13–19 years in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Stratified random sampling was adopted, and 602 students were enrolled. Individual interview and Internet addiction test (IAT), a self-report 20-item tool for adolescents and adults, were used. The content validity and reliability of the tool were established, and a pilot study was conducted.

Results:

Approximately 19.77% of students had full control of his or her usage; 67.11% of students experience frequent problems because of excessive Internet use, and 13.12% of students had significant problems because of Internet use. About 99.8% had used the Internet before, and 61.0% had their devices such as laptops (59.1%), tablets (26.1%), and cell phones (4.0%). In total, 59.5% use the Internet for entertainment and 10.3% for relieving loneliness. There was a significant association between IAT outcome and age group such that with an increase in age developed the risk of getting Internet addiction (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:

We observed that 13.12% had significant problems because of Internet use. The factors significantly associated with IAT outcome were age group, medium of education, a device to access the Internet, and whether parents know about student’s Internet activities.
Healthcare-Seeking Behavior of Parents and Guardians of School Children with Skin Diseases in Umuahia, South East Nigeria
Authors: Ewurum Odochi , Ibeneme Chikaodili Adaeze , Nnaji Thomas O. , Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka
Published: October 2021

Background:

Skin disorders are often not regarded as major health problems although they may be an early sign of a serious disease. This attitude may affect the healthcare-seeking behavior of either the parents or guardians of school children that have skin diseases. Knowledge of the source of treatment and care for diseases of the skin will assist in the implementation of important skin health education programs and appropriate measures for the prevention of their diseases.

Objective:

To identify the source of accessing health care and the factors influencing healthcare-seeking behavior of parents/guardians of primary school children with diseases of the skin in Umuahia, South-East, of Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out over a four-month period. To select the school children multistage sampling was used. A structured questionnaire administered by the interviewer was used to obtain relevant information. Diagnosis of skin disorder was by clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 20.

Results:

Skin diseases were identified in 627 (40.2%) out of the 1560 primary school pupils aged 5–15 years. Of the 627 children with skin diseases 423 (67.4%) sought health care outside the hospital while only 204 (32.6%) sought medical care in the hospital. Long waiting time (31.0%) and cost of hospital care (26.6%) were observed to be the most frequent reasons for not seeking medical care from the hospital.

Conclusion:

About two-third of parents/guardians of school children with skin diseases access health care outside the hospital. Cost of care and waiting time should be reduced to enable access to hospital care.