bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Storage Time of Epididymis at 5 oC on Spermatozoa Quality of Aceh Local Goat
Authors: Hamdan Hamdan , Panjaitan Budianto , Sutriana Amalia , Aliza Dwinna , Rahmi Erdiansyah
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage time of epididymis at 5 oC on spermatozoa quality of Aceh local goat. This research was conducted at Reproduction Laboratory, FKH Unsyiah from May to June 2009. Nine epididymis from local goat at the age of 1.5-2.0 years were used in this study. The epididymis were collected from abattoir in Banda Aceh. The experimental design used in this study was completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Spermatozoa quality which consist of sperm concentration, motility, amount of life sperm, and sperm abnormality were examined after the collection of epididymis on day 0 (H-0), day 1 (H-1), and day 3 (H-3) post storage at 5 oC. Data were analyzed using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA). The result showed that no significant difference (P0.05) seen in the spermatozoa quality after different storage time. The average of spermatozoa concentration on H-0, H-1, and H-3 were 318x107/ml, 282x107/ml, and 241x107/ml respectively. On the average, the percentage of spermatozoa motility on H-0, H-1, and H-3 were 82,27±2,75; 80,25±2,83; and 78,07±0,92%, respectively. Life spermatozoa observed on H-0, H-1, and H-3 were 82,29±2,71; 80,63±1,87; and 80,09±3,31%, respectively. Observation on spermatozoa abnormality showed that the average of spermatozoa abnormality on H-0, H-1, and H-3 were 7,23±0,27; 8,21±0,55; and 10,75±3,14%, respectively. It could be concluded that the spermatozoa quality were not affected by the storage time at temperature of 5 oC.
Study of Toxoplasmosis Infection in Human and Related to Animal in Banda Aceh
Authors: Hanafiah Muhammad , Kamaruddin Mufti , Nurcahyo Wisnu , Winaruddin Winaruddin
Published: June 2020

The research has been done to know prevalence of toxoplasmosis in livestock, to search the source of infection that have potency to cause toxoplasmosis in human and to make a map of toxoplasmosis infection area in Banda Aceh. The method used in this research was serologic test, Card Aglutination Test (CATT). Data of fertile women in this study are collected through questioner. The result of this research showed that the toxoplasmosis prevalency number of society in Banda Aceh was 3.15%, while at livestock were varied respectively: goats 40%, chickens 25%, cattles 23%, duck 20%, cats 16%, buffalos 15%, and sheeps 10%. The potencial sources of to coures toxoplasmosis in human are: goat, chicken, cattle, duck, cat, buffalo, and sheep. The area found toxoplasmosis in humans and animal were: Baiturrahman, Kuta Raja, Ulee Kareng, Kuta Alam, and Syiah Kuala. Model toxoplasmosis infection patterns in human related to livestock and animal in Banda Acheh are : Y ( POSTOKSO) - 1,55688 + 2,65280 AYA + 1,17709 JDG + 4,28482 KUC - 3,74609 MEM
Modeling Cuttings Lag Distribution in Directional Drilling to Evaluate Depth Resolution of Mud Logging
Authors: Naganawa Shigemi , Suzuki Manabu , Ikeda Kenji , Inada Norihito , Sato Ryosuke
Published: June 2020

In this study, we attempted to model the cuttings lag-depth distribution caused by the dispersion of cuttings transport velocity in directional drilling. From the results of cuttings lag experiments, it was found that the lag distribution could be modeled using the lognormal distribution probability density function (PDF). A simple formulation of lag-depth distribution for the entire depth of a well was mathematically derived. Simulation studies of lag depth for a realistic model of a directional well based on field data were conducted to evaluate depth resolution of mud logging. The key finding is that cuttings sampled at the surface can be contaminated by cuttings originating from other unintended depths to the extent of being non-negligible. This tendency of obscuring the formations and depths from which the sampled cuttings originate is significant if the high inclination or horizontal hole section exceeds a certain length depending on the rate of penetration (ROP). The presented approach has the ability to quantitatively evaluate the uncertainty in the depth resolution of mud logging; this is crucial in improving the lateral quality of reservoir characterization.
Effect of decontamination procedures on marginal and internal adaptation in saliva contaminated resin composite restorations
Authors: Pappa Eftychia , Masouras Konstantinos , Margaritis Vasileios , Kakaboura Afrodite
Published: June 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural saliva contamination of dentin, on marginal and internal adaptation of resin-composite restorations performed with an etch-and-rinse adhesive and determine the efficiency of various decontamination techniques. Methods: A hundred and twenty human molars and premolars were randomly distributed into six groups (n=20). Standardized dentin cavities (diameter: 3 mm, depth: 2 mm) were filled with a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive and resin-composite under six different surface treatments: (1) adhesive application following manufacturers’ instructions (control); (2) dentin etching, 5-s saliva, 5-s air-dry, adhesive; (3) dentin etching, 5-s saliva, 10-s waterrinse, 5-s air-dry, adhesive; (4) adhesive application/light-cure, 5-s saliva, 5-s air-dry; (5) adhesive application/light-cure, 5-s saliva, 10-s water-rinse, 5-s air-dry; (6) adhesive application/light-cure, 5-s saliva, 10-s water-rinse, 5-s air-dry, adhesive reapplication. Wall adaptation was evaluated at the upper surface and at two consecutive depth levels of 0.5 mm each, by measuring the length of debonded margins relative to the cavity periphery (%DM) and the width of maximum marginal gap (MG). Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U were applied for statistical analysis. Results: Statistically significant differences occurred among groups, presenting inferior adaptation after contamination took place (0.05 significance level). Group (1) at the upper surface presented the most satisfactory adaptation, whereas, groups (4), (5) had the significantly poorest adaptation in all surfaces. Groups (2), (3) and (6) revealed no statistically significant differences in comparison to group (1). Conclusion: Saliva contamination resulted in deterioration of marginal and internal adaptation when it occurred after the adhesive application. Reapplication of the adhesive restored DM and MG values.
Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with Severe Pneumonia Caused by COVID-19 and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H7N9): A Retrospective Study from A Designated Hospital
Authors: Gu Binbin , Yao Lin , Zhu XinYun , Tang Pei-jun , Chen Cheng
Published: June 2020

Background

Considerable attention has been focused on clinical features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is also important for clinicians to differentiate it from influenza virus infections.
Methods

The clinical data of 23 cases of H7N9 and 23 cases of COVID-19 with severe pneumonia were collected. The comparisons were performed with the t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test or the chi-squared test, and multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results

All of the cases were under the circumstance of sufficient medical staff and medical supplies. The rate of coexisting disease was lower in the severe COVID-19 group than in the severe H7N9 group (p < 0.05). Radiologically, severe COVID-19 patients had less consolidation and pleural effusion, but more crazy-paving pattern than severe H7N9 patients (p < 0.05). Clinically, compared to severe H7N9, severe COVID-19 patients were more inclined to surfer to relative better disease severity score, less secondary bacterial infection, a shorter time to beginning absorption on CT, but a longer duration of viral shedding from the admission (p < 0.05). Although more severe H7N9 patients needed non-invasive respiratory support, these two groups ultimately yielded comparable mortality. Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, severe COVID-19 infection was associated with a lower risk of the presence of severe ARDS (OR 0.964, 95% [CI] 0.931–0.998, p = 0.040), but exhibited longer duration of viral shedding (OR 0.734, 95% [CI] 0.550–0.980, p = 0.036) than severe H7N9 infection.
Conclusion

Although the conditions of severe H7N9 patients seemed to be more critical than those of severe COVID-19 patients, the relatively lower mortality of these two severe cases is to be expected in context of sufficient medical supplies.
Aldehyde breath test as a disease marker in patients with esophageal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sasaki Fumisato , Kanmura Shuji , Oda Kohei , Maeda Hidehito , Kabayama Masayuki , Iwaya Hiromichi , Komaki Yuga , Arima Shiho , Tanoue Shiroh , Hashimoto Shinichi , Fujita Hiroshi , Ido Akio
Published: June 2020

Background

Patients with inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) are at high risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC). The aldehyde breath test (ABT) may demonstrate ALDH2 gene polymorphisms. We evaluated the usefulness of the ABT in patients with ESCC and HPSCC.
Methods

The SCC group consisted of 100 patients who were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for ESCC or HPSCC, and the control group (HC) consisted of 275 healthy subjects. The SCC group comprised the “single subgroup” (n = 61), in which a single lesion was initially treated with ESD, and the “multiple subgroup” (n = 31), in which multiple lesions were initially treated with ESD. First, we compared the groups’ risk factors for carcinogenesis and measured acetaldehyde-to-ethanol (A/E) ratio. Then we tested the groups’ differences in the abovementioned carcinogenic risk factors.
Results

We found that the proportion of individuals in the SCC group with inactive ALDH2 (A/E ratio

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23.3) was significantly higher than that in the HC group (p = 0.035), as was the A/E ratio (p < 0.001). Also, the proportion of individuals with inactive ALDH2 in the multiple subgroup was significantly higher than that in single subgroup (p = 0.015), as was the A/E ratio (p = 0.008).
Conclusions

In conclusion, ABT could be a useful tool to identify ESCC and HPSCC and detect multiple or double carcinomas.
Trial registration:

Trial Registration number: UMIN000040615, Data of Registration: 01 June 2020, retrospectively registered.
Comparative Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Proteins Involved in Grain-Filling Rate of Rice at the Early Ripening Stage
Authors: Chen Jiana , Cao Fangbo , Huang Min , Abou-Elwafa Salah Fatouh
Published: June 2020

Background

Grain-filling ability is a determinant factor of rice potential yield. Grain filling is a biological process of starch accumulation involved a large number of major enzymes implicated in carbohydrates metabolism in developing rice endosperm and is governed by a complex balance between the sink (grains) and the source (assimilates). This study was carried out to analyze the proteomic profile of rice grains and to identify proteins associated with high grain-filling rate during the early ripening period in rice.
Results

TMT and LC-MS/MS were employed in analyzing proteomic profile of grains from two rice cultivars possess contrasting phenotypes in grain filling rate to identify proteins associated with high grain-filling rate during the early ripening stage. The two cultivars differed significantly in grain-filling rate during the period of 0–3 days after full heading, indicating the appropriacy of cultivars selection for quantitative proteomic analysis. A total of 219 differentially expressed proteins in grains between the two cultivars were identified, providing a database for quantified proteomics in rice grains during grain filling stage. Elevated expression of many enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism during rice grain filling was observed. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the largest portion of differentially expressed proteins during grain filling associated with carbohydrate metabolism and transportation, suggesting a more specific function of those protein in rice grain development. Starch, sucrose, fatty acids and amino acids biosynthesis and metabolism were significantly enriched pathways.
Conclusions

Analysis of protein-protein interactions indicated the implication of the same proteins in several biological processes such as carbohydrate transport and metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, energy production and conversion and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. The data provide valuable information about the roles of biosynthesis, transport and metabolism of carbohydrate and amino acids in rice grain filling and development. The results represent a valuable foundation for further studies of the roles of differentially expressed proteins in underlying grain filling stage in rice and their potential impacts on rice productivity.
Overexpression of ASPH protein predicts poor outcomes in retroperitoneal liposarcoma patients
Authors: Xiao Mengmeng , Chen Xiaobing , Cui Yuqing , Wang Lihua , Rao Xiaosong , Chen Xuesong , Luo Chenghua
Published: June 2020

Introduction: No druggable targets and prognostic factors are currently available for retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) due to very limited understanding of its molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis. This study aims to decipher expression profiling and prognostic value of aspartate-β-hydroxylase (ASPH), an activator of Notch signaling pathway, in RPLS. Methods: Totally 138 patients with RPLS who received resection were recruited in this retrospective study. Immunohistochemistry was performed to decipher expression profiling of ASPH in archived specimens. Prognostic value of ASPH was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier plot and Cox proportional hazards model. Chi-square test was used to compare counting data. Results: The overall positive rate of ASPH expression in RPLS was 90.6%. Well-differentiated liposarcoma had a similar positive rate to dedifferentiated liposarcoma (90.2% vs. 91.1%). A high level of ASPH expression correlated with reduced postoperative recurrence-free survival rate and overall survival rate (P<0.05). Conclusions: ASPH is an independent predictor for clinical outcome of patients with RPLS. A high level of ASPH expression confers poor post-operational prognosis.
Early Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of BIRC5 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on TCGA Data
Authors: Wang Jingyuan , Chen Min , Dang Chengxue , Zhang Hao , Wang Xin , Yin Jianhao , Jia Rui , zhang yong
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly lethal cancer that would benefit from non-invasive innovative markers providing early diagnostic and prognostic detection. Increased BIRC5 (baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing 5) expression is associated with negative outcomes or survival in various cancers. Our study aims to investigate the role of BIRC5 of early diagnosis and prognosis in ccRCC by studying the expression of BIRC5 and the correlation between BIRC5 expression and clinicopathological parameters, prognosis in ccRCC. Methods: The BIRC5 expression in ccRCC tissues and normal kidney tissues was measured using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and The Human Protein Atlas database. The correlation between BIRC5 expression and clinicopathological parameters, prognosis in ccRCC was analyzed using UALCAN, Kaplan Meier plotter, GEPIA and SurvExpress. Results: BIRC5 expression is significantly higher in ccRCC than in normal kidney tissues, and is correlated with the clinical stage and pathological grade of ccRCC(P<0.05). The result of analyzing the relationship between BIRC5 expression and outcomes in ccRCC indicates that high BIRC5 expression is an independent prognostic factor affecting overall survival and disease-free survival of ccRCC (P<0.05). Compared with normal kidney tissues, the immunohistochemical test shows that BIRC5 is significantly upregulated in ccRCC tissues. Conclusions: The high expression of BIRC5 is an important indicator of the prognosis of ccRCC, which makes BIRC5 be an effective biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients in ccRCC. BIRC5 may be a great potential biomarker for early diagnosis of ccRCC.
Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone exerts neuroprotection via PGC-1α/Nrf2 activation and α-synuclein clearance in Parkinson’s disease models
Authors: Guo Baojian , Zheng Chengyou , Cao Jie , Li Shangming , Luo Fangcheng , Qiu Xiaoling , Zhang Kun , Cai Wei , Li Haitao , Wang Ying , Simon Mingyuan Lee , Yang Xifei , Zhang Gaoxiao , Sun Yewei , Zhang Zaijun , Wang Yuqiang
Published: June 2020

Background: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) are key regulators controlling antioxidant defense, mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular proteostasis. Dysfunction of these processes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Activation of PGC-1α/Nrf2 might improve mitochondrial dysfunction, promote α-synuclein (α-syn) clearance and attenuate degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD.
Methods: Neurotoxin-induced in vitro PD model, 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice model, unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model, and transgenic mice overexpression of human A53T mutant α-synuclein were used to evaluate the neuroprotective and neurorescue effect of tetramethylpyrazine nitrone (TBN), a free radical scavenger, and its regulation on PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway.
Results: TBN protected against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + ) and 6-OHDA insult in cultured primary midbrain neurons. TBN promoted α-syn clearance by autophagy and proteasomal pathways in cell models overexpressing the human A53T mutant α-syn. In MPTP-treated mice, unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, and the α-syn transgenic mice model, TBN improved motor impairment, increased survival of nigral dopaminergic neurons, and elevated striatal dopamine levels while decreasing the products of oxidative damage. Importantly, TBN down-regulated the α-syn level in the brain and serum of α-syn-transgenic mice. These in vitro and in vivo improvements were associated with activation of the PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling pathway, resulting in reduced oxidative stress, and enhanced mitochondrial functions.
Conclusions: Our work demonstrates that TBN activates PGC-1α/Nrf2 and increases the survival of nigral dopaminergic neurons. These results suggest that TBN warrants further development as a potential new PD treatment.
Case report: Pediatric patients with COVID-19 presented as multi-system inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Saeed Amir , sanaei anahita , Ghotbabadi shabnam Hajiani , shorafa Eslam
Published: June 2020

Background

COVID-19 in pediatric patients is typically associated with minimal manifestations and is less severe than adult patients. Recently, there are reports of children with COVID 19 and myocardial involvement from Europe and America that first were assumed to be Kawasaki disease or its atypical presentation. However world health organization has set a new designation for this state; “multi-system involvement syndrome” in children with COVID-19; (MIS-C).
Case presentation:

Here we report two COVID-19 pediatric patients (two girls aged 10 and 13 years old) with MIS-C.
Conclusion

Presence of Kawasaki like signs in COVID 19 patients should be an alarming point to consider multi-system inflammatory syndrome; a syndrome with extensive organ involvement and yet indistinct exact pathophysiology.
The Multiple Infections of Porcine Diarrhea Viruses in Local Area Based on A Luminex xTAG Multiplex Detection Method
Authors: liu Huili , Shi Ying , Li Benqiang , Tao Jie , Cheng Jinghua
Published: June 2020

Background

Porcine viral diarrhea can cause great damage to the pig industry. However, multiple infections have contributed to the poor control of diarrhea, which has also resulted in great difficulties in determining the main pathogenic factors.
Methods

A Luminex xTAG multiplex detection method was developed for the detection of 11 viral diarrhea pathogens, which allows for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of viral diarrhea pathogens in clinical samples. A total of 518 porcine stool specimens were collected from 9 pig herds in Shanghai, China from 2015 to 2017, and the pathogen spectrums and co-infections were analyzed.
Results

The minimum detection rate of the Luminex xTAG multiplex detection method was at least 10 times higher than the traditional PCR method. Of the 518 diarrhea samples, PEDV was found in 17.57% (91/518), PKoV in 40.35% (209/518), PAstV in 26.64% (138/518), PSV in 15.06% (78/518), PoSaV in 13.13% (68/518), PTV in 5.21% (27/518), PDCoV in 4.83% (25/518), PoRV in 3.28% (17/518), TGEV in 3.09% (16/518), PToV in 1.93% (10/518), and BVDV in 1.74% (9/518), respectively. Furthermore, multiple infections were commonly seen, with positive rate of 35.14%. Infection pattern of the viral diarrheal pathogens in a specific farm was changing, and different farms had the various diarrhea infection patterns. A longitudinal investigation showed that PEDV was still the key pathogen which was closely related to the death of diarrhea piglets. Other pathogens might play synergistic roles in the pathogenesis of diarrhea disease.
Conclusions

Here we provided a Luminex xTAG multiple detection method for viral diarrhea pathogen infection in clinical, which was more sensitive and specific than general multiplex PCR method. Furthermore, the surveillance confirmed high infection rate of PKoV, but PEDV was still the key pathogen and multiple pathogens synergistically complicated the infection status in southern China, suggesting that controlling porcine diarrhea might be more complex than previously thought. A better understanding of viruses that cause diarrhea in piglets will aid in better preventing and controlling epidemics of viral porcine diarrhea.
Incidence, Cause of Death, and Survival of Amyloidosis in Korea
Authors: Jang Shin Yi , Kim Darae , Choi JinO , Jeon Eun-Seok
Published: June 2020

BackgroundWe sought to assess incidence and survival for amyloidosis.MethodsWe acquired data from newly diagnosed cases related to amyloidosis from the National Health Insurance Service in Korea from 2006 through 2017 (n=2,233; male 53.5%). We calculated the age-standardized incidence rate, analyzed the survival rate (SR) using the Kaplan-Meier method, and analyzed the death risk using Cox proportional hazards methods.ResultsThe mean age was 57.0 (±16.7) years in males and 56.8 (±15.6) years in females (p=non-significant). The proportion of death was 34.7%. The causes of death were endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (33.9%), malignant neoplasm (20.8%), diseases of the circulatory system (9.68%), and diseases of the genitourinary system (9.29%). The overall age-standardized incidence rate was 0.47 persons per 100,000 persons in 2017. Overall, the 10-year SR for amyloidosis was 57.7% (55.9% in males and 59.2% in females). Adjusted hazard ratios were 9.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23, 37.5) among 40-49 year-old, 16.1 (95% CI 4.00, 65.3) among 50-59 year-old, 30.3 (95% CI 7.53, 122.0) among 60-69 year-old, 48.7 (95% CI 12.1, 196.3) among 70-79 year-old, 80.1 (95% CI 19.6, 326.3) among people 80 years or older and 1.21 (95% CI 1.02, 1.44) in the medium-level socioeconomic position group. ConclusionsThe age-standardized incidence rate of amyloidosis was about 0.5 persons per 100,000 persons in 2017. The 10-year SR of amyloidosis was about 58%. The most common cause of death was endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases. The risk of death from amyloidosis increased with age and medium socioeconomic position.
Two novel biallelic mutations in PSMC3IP in a Chinese patient affected by primary ovarian insufficiency: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mei Libin , Huang Lingling , Huang Yanru , Wu Xiaoling , He Huang , He XueMei , Su Zhiying , Li Ping
Published: June 2020

Background:

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous condition occurring when a woman experiences a loss of ovarian activity before the age of 40. It is one of the most common reproductive endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age. Here, we investigated the clinical manifestations and genetic features of a Chinese patient affected by POI.
Methods

We applied next-generation whole-exome capture sequencing with Sanger direct sequencing to the proband and her clinically unaffected family members.
Results

Two novel compound heterozygous mutations were identified in the PSMC3IP gene. The first is a splicing mutation (c.597 + 1G > T) that was inherited from her father, while the second mutation (c.268G > C p.D90H) was also discovered in her mother and younger sister. The two mutations were co-segregated with the disease phenotype in the family.
Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first report of PSMC3IP mutations causing POI in the Chinese population. Our findings further support the key role of the PSMC3IP gene in the etiology of POI. However, additional studies are required to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.
Characterization of the upper respiratory tract microbiome of turkeys
Authors: Kursa Olimpia , Tomczyk Grzegorz , Sawicka-Durkalec Anna , Giza Aleksandra , Słomiany-Szwarc Magdalena
Published: June 2020

Background: The respiratory tracts of turkeys are the main route of infection therefore plays important roles in the overall health and performance of the birds. Understanding the poultry microbiome has the potential to offer better diagnosis and rational management of many poultry diseases. Characterization of microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of turkeys could help better understand the role of pathogenic bacteria and other commensal or symbiotic microorganisms in the infection. The aim of this study was microbiome characterization of upper respiratory tracks of commercial turkeys using next-generation sequencing technologies. Results: The microbiome from samples collected from commercial turkey flocks was determined using 16S rRNA metagenomic approach. Taxonomic analysis of the microbiome was done by of the V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene (MiSeq, Illumina) amplification. The phylogenetic analysis identified the 10 bacterial phyla in turkey, the most abundant were phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, accounting for >99% of all the sequences. The turkey sequences represent 144 established bacterial genera. Differences between bacterial abundances were found at the family and genus level. Several defining markers of microbiome succession were identified, including the presence of Ornithobacterium and Mycoplasma. Conclusions: Understanding the turkey’s respiratory microbiome is very important. Unique informations about microbiome representing members of the four major phyla of the respiratory tract in turkeys was assembled. These results obtained in this study supply information about turkey microbiome and can be useful in controlling, diagnosing and treating commercial turkey flocks. Our study significantly broaden the knowledge of the upper respiratory tract microbiome of turkeys.
Cecal microbiota affects chicken growth performance by regulating fat metabolism
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Hu Yafang , Ansari Abdur Rahman , Chen Yan , Cheng Ranran , Cui Lei , Nafady Abdallah A. , Elokil Abdelmotaleb A. , Abdel-Kafy El-Sayed M. , LIU HUAZHEN
Published: June 2020

Background

A growing body of evidences suggest critical role of the chicken gut microbiota in growth performance and fat metabolism. However, the underlying mechanism by which the gut microbiota affects chicken growth performance by regulating fat metabolism remains unclear. The purpose of current study was to compare cecal microbial communities between high and low body weight chickens and verify the correlation between fat metabolism and gut microbiota.
Results

Seven-week-old male and female chickens with significantly different body weight were used in the present study. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to reveal the cecal microbial community. Fat metabolism levels were compared between high and low body weight chickens. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the cecal microbiota and fat metabolism. Transferring fecal microbiota from adult chickens with high body weight into one-day-old chickens was examined by oral administration to verify gut microbiota effects on chicken growth through regulation of fat metabolism. There were significant differences in body weight, chest and leg muscle indexes as well as in cross-sectional area of muscle cells, suggesting different growth performance between high and low body weight chickens. By comparing the relative abundance of gut microbes in the cecal content in high and low body weight chickens, we found that Microbacterium and Sphingomonas were more abundant in high body weight chickens and Slackia was more abundant in low body weight chickens. The fat metabolism level was markedly different in serum, liver, abdominal adipose, chest and leg muscles between high and low body weight chickens. Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between fat metabolism and the relative abundance of Microbacterium and Sphingomonas and a negative correlation between fat metabolism and the abundance of Slackia. Hence, transferring fecal microbiota, instead of saline, from adult chickens with high body weight into one-day-old chickens improved growth performance and fat metabolism in liver.
Conclusions

These results suggested that cecal microbiota could affect chicken growth performance by regulating fat metabolism.
Oxidative stress-induced parkin misfolding, aggregation, and toxicity
Authors: Duennwald Martin , Shaw Gary S. , Esmaeili Mohammad A. , Rylett Jane R. , Schmid Susanne , McCarton Alexander S. , Rai Asit , Oliveira Cleusa de , Gregorio Sonja E. di , Roebotham Taylor V.
Published: June 2020

Background: Excess oxidative stress and protein misfolding are major hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mutations in the genes encoding the ubiquitin ligase parkin cause autosomal recessive juvenile forms of Parkinsonism by the loss of parkin function in mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular protein quality control, generally. Dysfunction of parkin might also contribute to sporadic forms of PD, yet the underlying mechanisms remain mostly unexplored.
Methods: We obtained key results from studies in human PD brains, a mouse model, yeast, cultured neuronal cells, and in vitro biochemistry. Human postmortem Medial Temporal Gyrus tissue was fixed for immunohistochemistry. We performed biochemical analyses of protein lysates from human brain, mouse brain, yeast and cells to assess parkin modification by oxidative stress under normal growth conditions and more so under oxidative stress.
Results: Our results reveal that oxidative stress damages parkin by inducing the formation of aberrant intra- and inter-molecular disulfide bonds, leading to parkin misfolding and inclusion formation, which is toxic to cells. We furthermore find that parkin is most severely oxidized in its active conformation.
Conclusion: Collectively, our study identifies a mechanism by which protein oxidation can contribute to neurodegeneration in PD by combining loss of function with toxic gain of function mechanisms.
Comparation Of Different Scales To Assess Preoperative Anxiety In Children And Adolescent Undergoing Major Outpatient Surgery
Authors: Vieco-García Alberto , Picado Amanda Lopez , Joyanes Belén , Francisco-González Laura , Fuentes Manuel , Soto Carmen , Gonzalez-Perrino Carlos , Pedro Borja San , Aleo Esther
Published: June 2020

Background: Anxiety in children triggered by a scheduled surgical intervention is a major issue due to its frequency, and the short, medium and long term consequences. Aim: To compare different scales to assess preoperative anxiety in children at various points in the build-up to a MAS procedure, and to correlate each with the scale used to assess compliance with anaesthesia induction. Methods: An observational study was carried out on a cohort of children between 2-16 years old that were to undergo major outpatient surgery and whose anxiety was assessed on arrival to the hospital (M0), during transfer to the surgical unit (M1) and in the operating room during anaesthetic induction (M2). Anxiety in the parents (measured on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI) and in the children (measured with the Spence Anxiety Scale - Paediatric (SCAS-P), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Children (STAIC) and preoperative anxiety measurement scale - m-YPAS) was assessed, and the Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC) was passed. Results: The study cohort included 129 patients aged between 2 and 16 years (75.2% male, median age 6.3 years). Anxiety scores in m-YPAS rose as the children got closer to the surgery, being greater at the entrance to the surgical unit (M0 = 25.8 ± 8.4; M1 = 32.8 ± 19.0; M2 = 34.0 ± 21.5). The m-YPAS scale is closely correlated with the ICC scale at the preoperative M1 (0.567) and M2 stages (0.803). Conclusions: Standard anxiety assessment scales are not able to predict the quality of anaesthetic induction. By contrast, the m-YPAS scale demonstrates that there is an increase in anxiety as the paediatric patient nears the surgical procedure and that it can predict a poor anaesthetic induction.
Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Incident Diabetes in a Euglycemic Population Receiving Health Checkups: A Cohort Study
Authors: Wei Limin , Cheng Xin , Luo Yulong , Yang Rongxuan , Lei Zitong , Jiang Hongli , Chen Lei
Published: June 2020

Background: Although recent evidence suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of diabetes, the association between lean NAFLD and incident diabetes is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether lean NAFLD and overweight/obese NAFLD have similar or dissimilar effects on the risk of new-onset diabetes.Methods: A longitudinal study was performed in 14,482 euglycemic adults who participated in a health check-up program. Fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. The outcome of interest was incident diabetes.Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to calculate HRs with 95% CIs for future diabetes risk.Results: During the median 6.0 years of follow-up, 356 cases of diabetes occurred. Despite a low probability of hepatic fibrosis indicated by the BAAT score, lean NAFLD was positively associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Moreover, after adjusting for sociodemographic and potential confounders, the fullyadjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident diabetes between lean NAFLD and overweight/obese NAFLD to the reference (lean without NAFLD) were 2.58 (95% CI 1.68 to 3.97) and 2.52 (95% CI 1.79 to 3.55), respectively. In post hoc analysis, the HR (95% CI) for diabetes comparing lean NAFLD to obese/overweight NAFLD was 1.02 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.54, p = 0.909). The results were robust to challenges in multiple subgroup analyses and appeared to be more pronounced for female participants (p for interaction = 0.005).Conclusions: In this cohort study, lean patients with NAFLD had a risk of incident type 2 diabetes similar to that of overweight/obese ones with NAFLD. These findings suggest that lean NAFLD is not a benign condition. Further investigations are needed to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of NAFLD in lean subjects.
Lymphopenia Predicts Early Mortality in Cancer Patients with Sepsis, A Retrospective Study of Medical Records
Authors: Li Jiayu , Liu Yu-xi , Zhang Meng-lin , Huang Wen-juan , Peng Ya-hui , Yu Kaijiang , Wang Rui-tao
Published: June 2020

Background: Postoperative sepsis in cancer patients becomes a major problem at present, but the efficiently prognostic biomarkers are limited. The present study was sought to evaluate the prognostic relevance of absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) in cancer patients with postoperative sepsis, which might help patients to get early treatment and improve their prognosis.Methods: Retrospective study was conducted under 368 cancer patients with postoperative sepsis who were admitted in ICU of two Chinese tertiary care hospitals from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. ALCs were daily collected during the first week after being enrolled in the study. The primary outcomes of the study included 28-day and 90-day mortalities, while the secondary outcomes were hospital and ICU length of stay.Results: The absolute lymphocyte counts on day 3 were reduced in the survivors comparing with those in non-survivors. Statistically, the significantly decreased 28-day and 90-day survival rates were detected in the patients with severe and moderate lymphopenia, compared to those with no lymphopenia. These present results were consistently found and evidently confirmed in the two different hospitals.Conclusions: In accordance with the day-4 lymphopenia prediction of sepsis diagnosis, this present study revealed that lymphopenia on the day 3 after the diagnosis of sepsis was able to predict the early mortality in postoperative cancer patients. Earlier monitoring and management of lymphopenia may be needed for cancer patients with postoperative sepsis.
Human gut microbiota evaluation and comparation after the separate or combined antibiotics exposure using the simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME)
Authors: Liu Lei , Das Ranjit , Suo Pengcheng , Lin Huai , Qi Hongmei , Wang Siyi , Zuo Xiaojun
Published: June 2020

Background A cocktail of drugs is an emerging toxic contaminant that has potential public health risk worldwide, which also would cause human intestinal microbial disorder and develop multiple human diseases. However, to date, the combination effects of antibiotics cocktail on human intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and related health risk are not fully understood. Therefore, for the first time, this study evaluated and compared the in vitro ability of amoxicillin (AMX) and polymyxin E (POL) used separately or combined on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as well as human disease-related pathways in the simulated human gut. Results This study indicated that the combination exposure of POL with AMX reduced the occurrence of drug resistance in the gut microbiota caused by single antibiotic treatment. However, in comparison with the separate use of AMX and POL, the combined treatment exhibited a significantly higher ability to increase the human disease-related pathways. The combination effects on genetic level might attribute to microbiota shift, as co-occurrence patterns suggested that Bifidobacterium attributed to ARGs increasing in the POL treatment group and Enterobacter played a crucial role in human disease-related pathways enrichment after combination treatment. Conclusion These results may open up new perspectives for assessing the direct effects of combination antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota. These suggested side-effects should be considered for a combination of antibiotics prescription.
Studies on saline water intrusion in the coastal stretch of Kadalundi river basin, Malappuram district, Kerala using visual MODFLOW – A case study.
Authors: S Sajeena , P.S Swathy , M. Abdul Hakkim V.
Published: June 2020

The study on simulation of sea water intrusion into the coastal aquifers using Visual MODFLOW was conducted on coastal stretch of Tanur, Tirurangadi and Parappanagadi blocks of the Kadalundi river basin and this area comprises of about 130 km2 drainage area. The base map of the study area was imported into the model in BMP format and divided into 40 columns and 40 rows (1600 cells). Water level and water quality data of observation wells maintainedby Ground Water Department, Govt. of Kerala was used as input to the model. Secondary data on hydrogeological parameters and aquifer properties were also used as the input parameters of the model. In this study, Visual MODFLOW 2.8.1 integrated with MT3D software was used for groundwater modelling and contaminant transport modelling. It was observed that there is a chance of saline water intrusion in the coastal stretch of study area. There are chances of saline water intrusion to a lateral distance of 0.5 km to 1.9 km from the coast which extents 3.2 to 4.5km along the coast from northern boundary of Kadalundi river basin. Coconut retting, lime shelling and sand mining activities in the river basin were a potential source of pollution and contaminant transport. Development of small industries, construction of buildings and agricultural activities in the coastal stretch of river basin necessitated increased rate of pumping of ground water. This increased pumping of ground water leads to the entry of salt water into the fresh water aquifer formations. Global warming and sea level rise are also threatening problems in the current climate change scenario which is also a reason for saline water intrusion in to the coastal fresh water aquifers. Groundwater replenishment through natural and artificial recharge and sustainable development activities in the area are the main countermeasures to overcome this problem.
Effects of home quarantine for COVID-19 community control in Shenzhen, China, 2020
Authors: Xu Zi-Qian , Wang Jing-Zhong , Wang Hai-Rui , He Jian-Fan , Wang Bing , Yang Yong-Cun , Xian Hui-Xia , Zhang Ya-De , Feng Si-Yang , Li Min-Min , Song Li-Xia , Zou Xuan , Lu Jian-Hua
Published: June 2020

Background: Shenzhen implement classification management to prevent and control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Individuals with epidemic histories (came from Hubei and any other affected regions), but without symptoms were instructed to take home quarantine for 14 days and nucleic acid testing (NAT) for SARS-CoV-2. We described the infection status of the home-quarantined individuals, and effects of community control strategies in the three incubations after Wuhan closure in Shenzhen.Methods: This was a descriptive research, the sample size was 2,004 individuals based on multistage sampling during the pre-investigation. And the formal investigation expanded the sample size to 57,012 individuals based on pre-investigation. A single throat swab was collected from each individual for nucleic acid testing (NAT) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NAT was performed by a third-party institution. We collected information related to demographics, disease history, travel history, and personal protective measures before home quarantine, and monitored close-contact histories using the We Chat questionnaire.Results: The total infection rate of home-quarantined individuals was 0.12‰ (95% CI: 0.05‰–0.24‰) out of the total sample size of 59,016. The detection period for seven confirmed cases was primarily concentrated between February 8 and 18, 2020, which was during the second incubation period after Wuhan's closure. The home quarantined individuals with epidemic histories (came from Hubei and any other affected regions) were considered the high risk population during the first two incubations after Wuhan’s closure. No positive cases were detected from February 25 to March 5(the third incubation after Wuhan’s closure). The number of newly-confirmed cases per day was 0 for eight consecutive days from February 22 to 29 in Shenzhen.Conclusions: The community control strategies for home-quarantined individuals with epidemic histories (came from Hubei and any other affected regions), but without symptoms to take the NAT in the first two incubations is effective to control COVID-19. But it is not advocating for home-quarantined person to take the NAT since the third incubation.
Monitoring of drippers during wastewater application through statistical quality control
Authors: Szekut Flavio Daniel , Santos Delfran Batista dos , Azevedo Carlos Alberto Vieira de , Boas Marcio Antonio Vilas , Klein Márcio Roberto , Ribeiro Maycon Diego , Zuculotto Thiago
Published: June 2020

The use of alternative water sources for irrigation such as wastewaters, promotes innumerous benefits, but investigations must be conducted to minimize the negative effects of this technique. Clogging drippers are of the limitations. This study aimed to monitor the clogging of three models of labyrinth-type drippers subjected to irrigation with wastewater from treated domestic sewage, through statistical quality control using Shewhart charts. The drippers tested were as following: Dripper Streamline 16080 model (Netafim®); Taldrip model (Naadanjain®); and Dripper Tiran 16010 model (Netafim®). The system was installed with five lateral lines per model of dripper on a bench at the field in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The system was evaluated every 36 h of operation at eight collection points in each lateral line, totaling thirty-three evaluations at the end of the experiment, which corresponded to a total of 1188 h of operation. Dripper clogging was identified by the statistical control charts with 432, 540 and 360 h for the drippers Streamline 16080 model, Taldrip model and Tiran 16010 model, respectively, indicating the moment to apply a cleaning process. The monitoring through statistical quality control allowed simultaneously identifying the variability of the process and the reduction in flow rates, identifying the moment of clogging of the system and to carry out actions of unclog.
Residues of sweet sorghum promotes suppression of weeds in sugarcane rotation
Authors: Giancotti Paulo Roberto Fidelis , Nepomuceno Mariluce Pascoína , Rodrigues Juliana de Souza , Yamauti Micheli , Martins José Valcir Fidelis , Alves Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar
Published: June 2020

Sorghum is an important crop to plant in rotation with sugarcane. This is mainly because both are inputs for the ethanol industry. Crop residues of sweet sorghum promote suppression of weed re-infestation, avoiding weed interference to the sugarcane crop due to the strong allelopathic potential of sorghum. In order to determine the suppressive effects of sorghum crop residues on weeds, a field experiment was carried out. Seven vegetation covers were used as options for crop rotation with sugarcane. The treatments were sweet sorghum, velvet bean, sunflower, soybean, sugar cane, fallow, and an area without cover. The experiment was randomized blocks with four replications of 27 m2 plots. The weed community of each plot was evaluated by phytosociological indexes at 60 and 120 days after the formation of vegetation cover. The composition of soil seed bank was also evaluated. The weeds with the highest indexes of relative importance during the evaluations were Cyperus rotundus, Raphanus raphanistrum and Parthenium hysterophorus. The diversity of the weed community, estimated by relative importance indexes, was lower in the area with velvet bean as soil cover. Sorghum, velvet bean and sunn hemp covers reduced the soil seed bank compared to the fallow treatment and the treatment without vegetation cover. Crop residues of sweet sorghum and velvet bean provide a decrease in weed infestation in field, and the weed suppression period can last up to 120 days during the dry season.