bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isothermal Pearlite Formation Kinetics in High-Chromium Cast Irons without Additional Alloying
Authors: Okishev K.Yu. , Vasyukova E.S. , Grebenshchikova A.G. , Sozykina A.S. , Mirzaev D.A.
Published: September 2017

A model of isothermal pearlite reaction kinetics in high-carbon ternary Fe–Cr–C alloys (cast irons) containing (Cr, Fe)7C3 carbide phase is presented. The model is based on traditional Avrami approach completed with a simple type temperature dependence of K coefficient. The model parameters for individual alloys were determined from F. Maratray and R. Usseglio-Nanot’s experimental data covering composition range from 2.1 to 4.3 %C and from 12 to 26 %Cr. The dependence of parameters (Avrami exponent n, activation energy U and time-scale constant C) on gamma phase composition by the end of austenitization (calculated with account for kinetics of carbide dissolution) is determined. The model thus permits to calculate the isothermal pearlite Ccurve (TTT diagram) for an alloy of arbitrary composition after given austenitization regime. The comparison of calculation results to experimental data shows their sufficient correlation.
Numerical Analysis of Modes of Induction Weld Deposition of Valve Tappets of Motor Vehicles
Authors: Osipov A.M. , Bezgans Yu.V. , Lodkov D.G.
Published: September 2017

The work is devoted to the reduction of defective weld deposition zone of the pusher, as well as the reduction of the number of defects such as low density of metal, pores, shrinkage holes. For the numerical analysis of the weld deposition process the 3D models were built and the required characteristics for the fused surface of the workpiece were set. The preheat temperature is set from 500°C to 1300°C, the deposited layer of cast iron with thickness of 6 mm the temperature of weld deposition is set as 1250°C, for cooling model the properties of water temperature of 20°C were applied. In the process of numerical analysis of the existing technological process of weld deposition the interrelation between the mode of technological process of welding, temperature of preheating of the workpiece and the size of the defective area of the deposited layer was established. According to the results of numerical analysis using statistical sequential analysis the mathematical model of the dependence of the size of defect-free area of the deposited layer from the preheating temperature of the workpiece of pusher was built. It was found that the lowering the temperature of preheating of the workpiece has a positive effect on the increase in the defect-free layer of deposited metal.
Optimization of Synthesis Mode for Hydro Silicate-Based Supplements Used for Lime Dry Construction Mixtures
Authors: Loganina Valentina Ivanovna , Pyshkina I.S.
Published: September 2017

The following article presents information on the regularities of hardening of lime construction mixture samples, which were produced while adding the supplement based on calcium hydro silicate. Mathematical model of influence of the percentage of precipitation supplement and the quantity of diatomite used for synthesis upon the compression strength of the samples has been implemented.
The Thermal Expansion of Solid State BaFe12O19 and Flux Ba0.8Pb0.2Fe12O19 Pellets
Authors: Gudkova S.A. , Chernukha A.S. , Vinnik D.A.
Published: September 2017

Solid state sintered pellets of barium hexaferrite were performed. The Curie temperature of BaFe12O19 pellets were measured with differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of pellets was defined above and below the Curie temperature. The Curie temperature calculated basedon the dilatometry is are in good agreement with the DSC measurements.
Effect of Charge Fractional Composition and the Coke Amount on the Parameters of Manganese Ore Agglomeration
Authors: Senin A.V. , Ryazanov A.G. , Zhuravlev D.L.
Published: September 2017

Under laboratory conditions, the method of mathematical planning of experiments was used to study the effect of charge fractional composition (in the range of 2 to 8 mm) and the amount of coke in the charge (in the range of 7 to 13 wt.%) on the agglomeration process characteristics of the “Mamatwan” manganese ore (South Africa). It was found that the main agglomeration parameters vary within the following limits: the initial vacuum under grate – 54...140 mm WC for the charge layer of 350 mm; the maximum temperature – 1365...1440 °С; linear burning speed – 13,4...26,2 mm/min; the charge length of stay at temperatures over 1300 °С (the width of the melting zone) – 2,4...4,8 minutes. Mathematical equations of the combined effect of charge fractional composition and the amount of coke on agglomeration temperature, linear burning speed, width of melting zone (in time), initial vacuum in reactor were calculated. It was found that a major factor in providing the optimum mode of agglomeration is not the amount of coke, but the charge piece size distribution. For example, increasing the charge piece size has an 3,5 times more effective influence on the agglomeration temperature than the amount of coke. For the dust-containing charges the moistening up to 4...6 wt.% H2O is only partially solves the problem of the aerodynamic resistance. Pre-granulation of the dust fraction is needed to improve the gas permeability of the charge.
Metabolic and nutritional approach to older frail people
Authors: Volpato Stefano , Zuliani Giovanni
Published: September 2017

Frailty is a common clinical syndrome in older adults that carries an increased risk for poor health outcomes including falls, incident disability, hospitalization, and mortality. It is characterized by multisystem dysregulations, leading to a loss of dynamic homeostasis, decreased physiologic reserve, and increased vulnerability to stressors. A large body of literature suggests several important multisystem pathophysiologic processes in the pathogenesis of the frailty syndrome, including chronic inflammation and immune activation, insulin resistance and those in musculoskeletal and endocrine systems. Currently, no effective pharmaceutical interventions have been developed for the prevention and treatment of the frailty syndrome. Conversely, epidemiological and intervention studies suggest that adequate nutrition and physical exercise might prevent or postpone the onset of frailty and related clinical manifestations.
The reasons of dropout of sport in Hong Kong school athletes
Authors: Hassan Abdul-Rahman , Lam Michael Huen Sum , Ku Susanna , Li William Ho Cheung , Lee Ka Yiu , Ho Eva , Flint Stuart W. , Wong Anthony Siu Wo
Published: September 2017

Dropout of sport is an issue in sport and public health domains. The aim of this study was to identify the potential dropout reasons of school athletes and to examine if their perception of dropout was affected by the previous dropout experience. There were 50 subjects who were divided into two groups based on their previous dropout experience (Dropout Group=22, No Dropout Group=28). They filled a questionnaire about potential dropout reasons of the current sport. Coach and teammates were two predominated reasons of dropout; Influence of parent and training seemed to affect the termination of the sport to a lesser extent. Moreover, the perception of social value and lost focus were significantly different between two groups. Character of coach and teammates affect the engagement of training in school athletes. However, the parental influence had less influence than expected. Training intensity played little role as the dropout reason. Previous experience of dropout had an impact of potential dropout reasons on their current sport training.
Clinical and Experimental Efficacy of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in Core Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Gottardi Michele , Mosna Federico , de Angeli Sergio , Papayannidis Cristina , Candoni Anna , Clavio Marino , Tecchio Cristina , Piccin Andrea , dell’Orto Marta Campo , Benedetti Fabio , Martinelli Giovanni , Gherlinzoni Filippo
Published: September 2017

Leukemia-initiating cells of core binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) likely derive from early committed hematopoietic precursors expressing CD33. As such, targeting CD33 could ameliorate the chance of cure of CBF AML patients. We compared 12 CBF AML patients treated with Fludarabine, Cytarabine, Idarubicin and Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (FLAI-GO regimen) with 25 CBF AML patients treated with the same schedule, but without GO. With the limit of small numbers, we observed a consistent trend toward better overall survival, disease free survival and event free survival in the FLAI-GO group. We also demonstrated the ability of GO to induce the disappearance in vitro of the AML1-ETO molecular transcript in a polymerase chain reaction-positive graft without decreasing the clonogenic potential of CD34+/CD38- cells. This represent the proof of principle for using GO in a purging strategy before autologous stem cell transplantation. Therefore, our data argue in favor of the reinstitution of GO in the therapy of CBF AML.
Safety and efficacy of ibrutinib in a patient with severe renal impairment
Authors: Filanovsky Kalman , Shvidel Lev
Published: September 2017

Not available
Managing Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Patients Belonging to the Jehovah’s Witness Congregation
Authors: Jillella Anand , Arellano Martha , Heffner Leonard , Gaddh Manila , Langston Amelia , Khoury Hanna , Mangoankar Abhishek , Kota Vamsi
Published: September 2017

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a hyper-acute leukemia and presents with cytopenias and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Jehovah’s Witnesses with APL offer a unique challenge during induction by refusing transfusion and pose a difficult challenge in this curable disease. Our focus over the last 8 years has been decreasing early deaths in APL in both academic and community centers. As a result we have extensive experience in APL induction with a proven improvement in early deaths. Three patients with APL belonging to the Jehovah’s Witness congregation were treated in our practice and published literature in treating Witnesses with APL was reviewed. It is highly imperative to prevent induction mortality in this patient population. The goal of treatment among the Witnesses is to prevent death during induction and subsequently cure them. We discuss the management and proactive measures to prevent induction mortality in this most curable blood cancer.
Liver diseases and pregnancy
Authors: Crispino Pietro , Fontanella Luca , Gnerre Paola
Published: September 2017

Pregnancy is a time of great maternal physiological and metabolic changes and affects biochemical and hematological parameters used in the assessment of liver disease. Due to the increased physiological and metabolic stress of pregnancy, liver disorders that have previously been subclinical may become symptomatic such as cholestatic diseases. The viral hepatitis constitutes a huge disease burden worldwide and the pregnant state confers particular concerns for the mother and her baby. In particular, hepatitis E has a predilection for the pregnant population and confers a particularly poor prognosis. In addition, certain pregnancy specific disorders such as elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and obstetric cholestasis-affect primarily the liver. It is important to know how to diagnose and manage these conditions and distinguish them from non-pregnancy specific conditions as this will change the timing and management of affected women and their babies, some of whom can be seriously ill.
The unusual journey of a retained epicardial pacing wire
Authors: Giacomazzi Francesca , Menicanti Lorenzo , Lombardi Massimo , Tramarin Roberto
Published: September 2017

The placement of temporary epicardial pacing wires (EPWs) at the completion of cardiac surgery is a routine procedure in most centres. Complications related to their insertion, removal and retention are infrequent, yet potentially severe, including hemorrhage, tamponade, infection and death. Here, we describe an unusual case of retained temporary EPW migration.
Editorial
Authors: Vescovo Giorgio
Published: September 2017

Not available
Chlorophyll a interference in phycocyanin and allophycocyanin spectrophotometric quantification
Authors: Lauceri Rosaria , Bresciani Mariano , Lami Andrea , Morabito Giuseppe
Published: September 2017

The accurate quantification of cyanobacteria phycobiliproteins is an important aspect in various research topics, such as cyanobacteria ecology and physiology studies, and especially to calibrate algorithms used in remote sensing of cyanobacterial blooms. Here we present a spectroscopic approach, exploiting spectrophotometric equations, aimed at improving the phycocyanin and allophycocyanin quantification when chlorophyll a is present in the phycobiliprotein aqueous extract.
Pregabalin-induced first degree atrioventricular block in a young patient treated for pain from extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Schiavo Alessandra , Stagnaro Francesca M. , Salzano Andrea , Marra Alberto M. , Bobbio Emanuele , Valente Pietro , Grassi Simona , Miniero Martina , Arcopinto Michele , Matarazzo Margherita , Napoli Raffaele , Cittadini Antonio
Published: September 2017

Pregabalin, widely used in the treatment of several pain disorders, is usually well tolerated. Uncommonly, the drug may induce cardiac side effects, rarely prolongation of the PR interval. The latter has never been described in patients with healthy heart or normal renal function. We characterize a unique case of a young man with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and no detectable or known cardiac or kidney diseases, treated with pregabalin to control the severe pain due to the involvement of the spinal cord by the tuberculosis, showing an atrioventricular (AV) block due to pregabalin administration. The reported case emphasizes the need of monitoring PR interval during treatment with pregabalin, even in patients without background of cardiac or renal diseases. 
Dominant discourses on what it means to be a ‘real’ man in South Africa: The narratives of adolescent male orphans
Authors: Meyer Juanita
Published: September 2017

South Africa is known as the rainbow nation because of its variety of culture and religion. In essence South Africa is a spiritual nation, and 85.7% of her people affiliate to a Christian belief system. Despite this, crimes against women and children run rampant as some traditional male roles advocate patriarchal values that at times negatively affect relations between men and women. This article postulates that specific patriarchal values inform the development of a masculine identity, in spite of the fact that most South African families are headed by female caregivers. At the same time, however, most of these families are affected by extreme poverty and father absence; therefore, many boys are raised without an adequate male role model. This article, emanating from a broader study, explores the relationship between the development of a masculine identity amidst father absence, influenced by rapid colonisation and in the context of a specific religion and culture. It reflects on some of the narratives of the research participants that relates specifically to the theme of ‘what it means to be a real man’, eliciting the dominant discourses around masculinity and femininity in South Africa, informed by religion, traditional culture and pop culture. This article then postulates that religiosity in South Africa is not removed from the social function and performance of the social constructs of masculinity, cultural values and parental involvement and that these constructs interact with each other in a special way to produce what we come to know as the South African man.
Meningoencephalocele, bilateral anorchia with radial and fibular hemimelia in a piglet
Authors: Abiola J. , Omotosho O. , Igado O.
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Birth defects still remain one of the major causes of economic wastage in livestock farming. It may be caused by a number of aetiologies. Meningoencephalocele results from neural tube defect during embryology. It is incompatible with life. Materials and methods: This is a case report of a stillbirth pig, which was presented with a swelling on the frontal part of the skull, and a number of other musculoskeletal defects. The affected piglet was farrowed with 5 other piglets by a 4 year old sow with previous uneventful farrowings. All other piglets in the litter showed no physical abnormalities post parturition. Results: Gross examination revealed meningocele with a circumference of 19 cm. Necropsy and x-ray (dorso-ventral view) revealed skeletal deformities which involved the long bones and the axial skeleton. The long bones were considerably shortened, with some having a 'twisted' appearance, while the vertebral column showed scoliosis. X-ray also revealed non-closure of the frontal bone of the skull, which resulted in herniation of brain material. Other abnormalities included bilateral anorchia, anophthalmos, cleft lip, atresia ani and multiple skeletal deformities. A rudimentary phallus was present, but dissection of abdominal and pelvic cavities revealed absence of any identifiable reproductive organs (male or female). Conclusion: Abnormalities observed were not compatible with life. This is probably the first electronically documented report of meningoencephalocele of the pig, with the reported accompanying multi organ and skeletal abnormalities in Nigeria.
Effects of parsley supplementation on the seminal quality, blood lipid profile and oxidant status of young and old male rabbits
Authors: El-Gindy Y.M. , Zeweil H.S.
Published: September 2017

The high unsaturation levels of spermatozoal membrane make it very susceptible to oxidative damage and this problem increases with advancing age. In this study, the aim is to investigate whether parsley seed (PS) has a protective effect on semen quality, serum lipid profile and antioxidative status of old and young bucks. Male rabbits (n= 36) (18 young 9-12 mo old and 18 old 36-42 mo old) were each assigned to 3 dietary treatments (a control and 2 levels of PS: 0.3 and 0.6 kg/100 kg diet) to evaluate the ability of parsley to enhance bucks’ reproductive status. Most of the studied traits were adversely affected by age of rabbit bucks. On the other hand, the inclusion of PS significantly boosted ejaculate volume and improved mass motility concentration and total sperm output. Seminal plasma and blood serum total antioxidant capacity increased, while serum lipid peroxidase decreased with parsley treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of parsley seed alleviates most semen quality parameters and counteracts oxidative stress, especially with the advance of age (seminal plasma and blood serum of total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde.
What Explains the Decline of the U.S. Labor Share of Income? An Analysis of State and Industry Level Data
Authors: Abdih Yasser , Danninger Stephan
Published: September 2017

The U.S. labor share of income has been on a secular downward trajectory since the
beginning of the new millennium. Using data that are disaggregated across both state and
industry, we show the decline in the labor share is broad-based but the extent of the fall
varies greatly. Exploiting a new data set on the task characteristics of occupations, the U.S.
input-output tables, and the Current Population Survey, we find that in addition to changes in
labor institutions, technological change and different forms of trade integration lowered the
labor share. In particular, the fall was largest, on average, in industries that saw: a high initial
intensity of “routinizable” occupations; steep declines in unionization; a high level of
competition from imports; and a high intensity of foreign input usage. Quantitatively, we find
that the bulk of the effect comes from changes in technology that are linked to the automation
of routine tasks, followed by trade globalization.
Why Is Labor Receiving a Smaller Share of Global Income? Theory and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Dao Mai Chi , Das Mitali , Koczan Zsoka , Lian Weicheng
Published: September 2017

This paper documents the downward trend in the labor share of global income since the early 1990s, as well as its heterogeneous evolution across countries, industries and worker skill groups, using a newly assembled dataset, and analyzes the drivers behind it. Technological progress, along with varying exposure to routine occupations, explains about half the overall decline in advanced economies, with a larger negative impact on middle-skilled workers. In emerging markets, the labor share evolution is explained predominantly by global integration, particularly the expansion of global value chains that contributed to raising the overall capital intensity in production.
Efficiency-Adjusted Public Capital, Capital Grants, and Growth
Authors: Crivelli Ernesto
Published: September 2017

Recent literature has explored the relationship between efficiency-adjusted public capital and economic growth. A debate on whether capital grants, and especially EU funds actually contribute to growth has gained prominence lately. This paper empirically assesses the relationship between the quality of public investment, capital grants, and growth in a sample of 43 emerging and peripheral economies over 1991-2015. To this end, the contribution of public capital to growth is estimated using efficiency-adjusted public capital stock series, constructed reflecting the quality of public investment management institutions. In addition, the determinants of effective public investment are analyzed. The results suggest that capital grants contribute positively to effective public investment, and the latter is significant in explaining variations in economic growth. Finally, the paper illustrates the impact of raising EU funds absorption on potential growth in emerging and peripheral EU countries.
Central Bank Balance Sheet Policies and Spillovers to Emerging Markets
Authors: Singh Manmohan , Wang Haobin
Published: September 2017

We develop a theoretical model that shows that in the near future, the monetary policies of some key central banks in advanced economies (AEs) will have two dimensions—changes in short-term policy rates and balance sheet adjustments. This will affect emerging market economies (EMs), especially those with a pegged exchange rate, as these EMs primarily use a single monetary policy tool, i.e., the short-term policy rate. We show that changes in policy rates and balance sheet adjustments in AEs may differ in their respective financial spillovers to pegged EMs. Thus, it will be difficult for EMs to mitigate different types of spillovers with a single monetary policy tool. In that context, we use the model to show how EMs might use additional tools—capital controls and/or macro-prudential policy—to complement their monetary policy and financial stability toolkit. We also discuss how balance sheet adjustments that affect long-term interest rates may percolate to influence short-term interest rates via financial plumbing.
Calculating Trade in Value Added
Authors: Aslam Aqib , Novta Natalija , Rodrigues-Bastos Fabiano
Published: September 2017

This paper sets out the key concepts necessary to calculate trade in value added using input-output tables. We explain the basic structure of an input-output table and the matrix algebra behind the computation of trade in value added statistics. Specifically, we compute measures of domestic value-added, foreign value added, and forward and backward linkages, as well as measures of both a country’s participation and position in global value chains. We work in detail with an example of a global input-output table for 3 countries each with 4 sectors, provided by the Eora Multi-Region Input-Output (MRIO) database. The aim is to provide an introduction to the analysis of global value chains for use in policy work. An accompanying suite of Matlab codes are provided that can be used with the full set of Eora MRIO tables.
Mining Spillovers in Chile
Authors: Perez Ruiz Esther
Published: September 2017

Chile’s small open economy with significant mismatch between the production and consumption
baskets may be represented by three stylized sectors, a commodity sector, a non-commodity
tradable sector, and a non-tradable sector. This paper estimates the effect of copper price shocks
on mining, manufacturing, and construction—each embodying a sector type. The empirical
findings are for positive spillovers from mining to the other two sectors. However, the estimated
size of the spillovers seems modest, which raises the question of the potential for mining to be
better integrated with the rest of the economy.
Taxation and the Peer-to-Peer Economy
Authors: Aslam Aqib , Shah Alpa
Published: September 2017

The growth of the peer-to-peer (P2P) economy over the last decade has captivated both stock markets and policymakers alike. While the means for transacting might be different to existing firm structures—with the emergence of digital platforms that connect individual buyers and sellers directly—the tax behavior of individuals operating in this new economy are very familiar. What is clear is that while the P2P economy has potentially exacerbated existing policy, administrative, and revenue-mobilization challenges associated with small business taxation—such as the choice of the tax base and how to set tax thresholds—, the technology behind P2P platforms presents a valuable opportunity to eventually solve them.
Cyber Risk, Market Failures, and Financial Stability
Authors: Kopp Emanuel , Kaffenberger Lincoln , Wilson Christopher
Published: September 2017

Cyber-attacks on financial institutions and financial market infrastructures are becoming
more common and more sophisticated. Risk awareness has been increasing, firms actively
manage cyber risk and invest in cybersecurity, and to some extent transfer and pool their
risks through cyber liability insurance policies. This paper considers the properties of cyber
risk, discusses why the private market can fail to provide the socially optimal level of
cybersecurity, and explore how systemic cyber risk interacts with other financial stability
risks. Furthermore, this study examines the current regulatory frameworks and supervisory
approaches, and identifies information asymmetries and other inefficiencies that hamper the
detection and management of systemic cyber risk. The paper concludes discussing policy
measures that can increase the resilience of the financial system to systemic cyber risk.
Bankruptcy Technology, Finance, and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Sobrinho Nelson
Published: September 2017

Using an overlapping-generations growth model featuring financial intermediation, I find
that inefficiencies in technology to deal with private debt distress (bankruptcy
technology), and obstacles to entrepreneurship (high costs of doing business) have
significant negative effects on the income per capita and welfare of developing countries.
These inefficiencies may also interact in perverse ways, futher amplifying the negagtive
effects in the long run. The results provide strong rationale for structural reforms that
simultaneously speed up the resolution of private sector insolvency, improve creditor
protection, and eliminate obstacles to entrepreneurship.
People's Republic of China
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: September 2017

This Selected Issues paper examines the drivers and prospects for high levels of savings in China. China has one of the highest levels of national savings in the world, which is at the heart of its external and internal imbalances. High and rising household savings have mainly resulted from demographic changes as a result of the one-child policy and the breakdown of the social safety net during the transition from a planned to a market economy. Demographic changes will put downward pressure on national savings. Policy efforts to strengthen the social safety net and reduce income inequality are also needed to reduce savings further and faster and to boost consumption.
Sri Lanka
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: September 2017

This paper discusses Sri Lanka’s Second Review under the Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility, Request for Waivers of Applicability and Nonobservance of Performance Criterion (PC), and Request for Modification of PCs. The authorities remain committed to the economic reform program and undertook meaningful corrective actions where targets were missed. As a prior action, the new Inland Revenue Act will be submitted to Parliament. The authorities have also strengthened tax administration and are conducting a diagnostic review of the value-added tax. The reform momentum should strengthen further, building on the progress made so far.
Association between perilipin gene polymorphisms and body weight traits in Jinmao Hua chickens
Authors: Li Tingting , Ling Jiaojiao , Duan Lian , Xue Qian , Wang Jinyu
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The perilipin gene (PLIN) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and fat deposition. In order to reveal the genetic effects of PLIN polymorphisms on body weight (BW) traits in chickens, PLIN gene polymorphisms in 322 Jinmao Hua chickens were detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing methods. For PLIN primer pair 1, five genotypes (AA, AB, BB, JJ and JL) were detected in the Jinmao Hua chicken population and three mutations (g.1889C > T, g.1904T > C and g.1922C > T) were revealed by gene sequencing. For PLIN primer pair 2, three genotypes (CC, CD and DD) were detected in the same population and two mutations (g.2014A > G and g.2020C > T) were revealed by gene sequencing. Least squares analysis showed that individuals with the JJ and CD genotypes performed better than the other Jinmao Hua chicken genotypes. Based on the five SNPs, the frequency distributions of the eight haplotypes were estimated with PHASE2.1 software. C-T-C-G-T was the major haplotype with a frequency of 58.6957 %, while the frequency of C-C-C-A-C was less than 1 %. Fourteen diplotypes were obtained from the eight haplotypes. H1H1 was the dominant diplotype with a frequency of 47.205 %. Least squares analysis indicated that BW with the H3H3 diplotype was the lowest, while the H2H2 diplotype was the highest, suggesting that selecting for the H3H3 diplotype improved the BW traits of Jinmao Hua chickens. The findings of this study should be useful to expand the theoretical basis of the role the PLIN in poultry molecular breeding of poultry.
Secondary organic aerosol from atmospheric photooxidation of indole
Authors: Montoya-Aguilera Julia , Horne Jeremy R. , Hinks Mallory L. , Fleming Lauren T. , Perraud Véronique , Lin Peng , Laskin Alexander , Laskin Julia , Dabdub Donald , Nizkorodov Sergey A.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Indole is a heterocyclic compound emitted by various plant species under stressed conditions or during flowering events. The formation, optical properties, and chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed by low-NOx photooxidation of indole were investigated. The SOA yield (1. 3 ± 0. 3) was estimated from measuring the particle mass concentration with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and correcting it for wall loss effects. The high value of the SOA mass yield suggests that most oxidized indole products eventually end up in the particle phase. The SOA particles were collected on filters and analysed offline with UV–vis spectrophotometry to measure the mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of the bulk sample. The samples were visibly brown and had MAC values of  ∼ 2 m2 g−1 at λ = 300 nm and  ∼ 0. 5 m2 g−1 at λ = 400 nm, comparable to strongly absorbing brown carbon emitted from biomass burning. The chemical composition of SOA was examined with several mass spectrometry methods. Direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) and nanospray desorption electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry (nano-DESI-HRMS) were both used to provide information about the overall distribution of SOA compounds. High-performance liquid chromatography, coupled to photodiode array spectrophotometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-HRMS), was used to identify chromophoric compounds that are responsible for the brown colour of SOA. Indole derivatives, such as tryptanthrin, indirubin, indigo dye, and indoxyl red, were found to contribute significantly to the visible absorption spectrum of indole SOA. The potential effect of indole SOA on air quality was explored with an airshed model, which found elevated concentrations of indole SOA during the afternoon hours contributing considerably to the total organic aerosol under selected scenarios. Because of its high MAC values, indole SOA can contribute to decreased visibility and poor air quality.
Updated SO2 emission estimates over China using OMI/Aura observations
Authors: Koukouli Maria-Elissavet , Theys Nicolas , Ding Jieying , Zyrichidou Irene , Mijling Bas , Balis Dimitrios , van der A Ronald Johannes
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The main aim of this paper is to update existing sulphur dioxide (SO2), emission inventories over China using novel inversion techniques, state-of-the-art chemistry transport modelling (CTM), and satellite observations of SO2. Within the framework of the EU FP7 Monitoring and Assessment of Regional air quality in China using space Observations, MarcoPolo project, a new SO2 emission inventory over China was calculated using the CHIMERE v2013b CTM simulations, ten years of OMI/Aura total SO2 columns and the pre-existing Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC v1.2). It is shown that including satellite observations in the calculations increases the current bottom-up MEIC inventory emissions for the entire domain studied [102° to 132° E and 15° to 55° N] from 26.30 Tg/annum to 32.60 Tg/annum, with positive updates which are stronger in winter [~ 36 % increase]. New source areas where identified in the South West [25–35° N and 100–110° E] as well as in the North East [40–50° N and 120–130° E] of the domain studied as high SO2 levels were observed by OMI, resulting in increased emissions in the aposteriori inventory that do not appear in the original MEIC v1.2 dataset. Comparisons with the independent Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, EDGAR v4.3.1, show a satisfying agreement since the EDGAR 2010 bottom-up database provides 33.30 Tg/annum of SO2 emissions. When studying the entire OMI/Aura time period [2005 to 2015 inclusive], it was shown that the SO2 emissions remain nearly constant before year 2010 with a drift of −0.51 ± 0.38 Tg/annum and show a statistically significant decline after year 2010 of −1.64 ± 0.37 Tg/Annum for the entire domain. Similar findings were obtained when focusing on the Greater Beijing Area [110° to 120° E and 30° to 40° N] with pre-2010 drifts of −0.17 ± 0.14 and post-2010 drifts of −0.47 ± 0.12 Tg/annum. The new SO2 emission inventory is publicly available and forms part of the official EU MarcoPolo emission inventory over China which also includes updated NOx, VOCs and PM emissions.
Bayesian calibration of terrestrial ecosystem models: a study of advanced Markov chain Monte Carlo methods
Authors: Lu Dan , Ricciuto Daniel , Walker Anthony , Safta Cosmin , Munger William
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Calibration of terrestrial ecosystem models is important but challenging. Bayesian inference implemented by Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling provides a comprehensive framework to estimate model parameters and associated uncertainties using their posterior distributions. The effectiveness and efficiency of the method strongly depend on the MCMC algorithm used. In this work, a differential evolution adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm is used to estimate posterior distributions of 21 parameters for the data assimilation linked ecosystem carbon (DALEC) model using 14 years of daily net ecosystem exchange data collected at the Harvard Forest Environmental Measurement Site eddy-flux tower. The calibration of DREAM results in a better model fit and predictive performance compared to the popular adaptive Metropolis (AM) scheme. Moreover, DREAM indicates that two parameters controlling autumn phenology have multiple modes in their posterior distributions while AM only identifies one mode. The application suggests that DREAM is very suitable to calibrate complex terrestrial ecosystem models, where the uncertain parameter size is usually large and existence of local optima is always a concern. In addition, this effort justifies the assumptions of the error model used in Bayesian calibration according to the residual analysis. The result indicates that a heteroscedastic, correlated, Gaussian error model is appropriate for the problem, and the consequent constructed likelihood function can alleviate the underestimation of parameter uncertainty that is usually caused by using uncorrelated error models.
A database of paleoceanographic sediment cores from the North Pacific, 1951–2016
Authors: Borreggine Marisa , Myhre Sarah E. , Mislan K. Allison S. , Deutsch Curtis , Davis Catherine V.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. We assessed sediment coring, data acquisition, and publications from the North Pacific (north of 30° N) from 1951 to 2016. There are 2134 sediment cores collected by American, French, Japanese, Russian, and international research vessels across the North Pacific (including the Pacific subarctic gyre, Alaskan gyre, Japan margin, and California margin; 1391 cores), the Sea of Okhotsk (271 cores), the Bering Sea (123 cores), and the Sea of Japan (349 cores) reported here. All existing metadata associated with these sediment cores are documented here, including coring date, location, core number, cruise number, water depth, vessel metadata, and coring technology. North Pacific sediment core age models are built with isotope stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating, magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, tephrochronology, % opal, color, and lithological proxies. Here, we evaluate the iterative generation of each published age model and provide comprehensive documentation of the dating techniques used, along with sedimentation rates and age ranges. We categorized cores according to the availability of a variety of proxy evidence, including biological (e.g., benthic and planktonic foraminifera assemblages), geochemical (e.g., major trace element concentrations), isotopic (e.g., bulk sediment nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon isotopes), and stratigraphic (e.g., preserved laminations) proxies. This database is a unique resource to the paleoceanographic and paleoclimate communities and provides cohesive accessibility to sedimentary sequences, age model development, and proxies. The data set is publicly available through PANGAEA at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.875998.
Hydrological controls on DOC  :  nitrate resource stoichiometry in a lowland, agricultural catchment, southern UK
Authors: Heppell Catherine M. , Binley Andrew , Trimmer Mark , Darch Tegan , Jones Ashley , Malone Ed , Collins Adrian L. , Johnes Penny J. , Freer Jim E. , Lloyd Charlotte E. M.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The role that hydrology plays in governing the interactions between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen in rivers draining lowland, agricultural landscapes is currently poorly understood. In light of the potential changes to the production and delivery of DOC and nitrate to rivers arising from climate change and land use management, there is a pressing need to improve our understanding of hydrological controls on DOC and nitrate dynamics in such catchments. We measured DOC and nitrate concentrations in river water of six reaches of the lowland river Hampshire Avon (Wiltshire, southern UK) in order to quantify the relationship between BFI (BFI) and DOC : nitrate molar ratios across contrasting geologies (Chalk, Greensand, and clay). We found a significant positive relationship between nitrate and BFI (p < 0. 0001), and a significant negative relationship between DOC and BFI (p < 0. 0001), resulting in a non-linear negative correlation between DOC : nitrate molar ratio and BFI. In the Hampshire Avon, headwater reaches which are underlain by clay and characterized by a more flashy hydrological regime are associated with DOC : nitrate ratios  >  5 throughout the year, whilst groundwater-dominated reaches underlain by Chalk, with a high BFI have DOC : nitrate ratios in surface waters that are an order of magnitude lower (<  0.5). Our analysis also reveals significant seasonal variations in DOC : nitrate transport and highlights critical periods of nitrate export (e.g. winter in sub-catchments underlain by Chalk and Greensand, and autumn in drained, clay sub-catchments) when DOC : nitrate molar ratios are low, suggesting low potential for in-stream uptake of inorganic forms of nitrogen. Consequently, our study emphasizes the tight relationship between DOC and nitrate availability in agricultural catchments, and further reveals that this relationship is controlled to a great extent by the hydrological setting.
Information content of stream level class data for hydrological model calibration
Authors: van Meerveld H. J. Ilja , Vis Marc J. P. , Seibert Jan
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Citizen science can provide spatially distributed data over large areas, including hydrological data. Stream levels are easier to measure than streamflow and are likely also observed more easily by citizen scientists than streamflow. However, the challenge with crowd based stream level data is that observations are taken at irregular time intervals and with a limited vertical resolution. The latter is especially the case at sites where no staff gauge is available and relative stream levels are observed based on (in)visible features in the stream, such as rocks. In order to assess the potential value of crowd based stream level observations for model calibration, we pretended that stream level observations were available at a limited vertical resolution by transferring streamflow data to stream level classes. A bucket-type hydrological model was calibrated with these hypothetical stream level class data and subsequently evaluated on the observed streamflow records. Our results indicate that stream level data can result in good streamflow simulations, even with a reduced vertical resolution of the observations. Time series of only two stream level classes, e.g. above or below a rock in the stream, were already informative, especially when the class boundary was chosen towards the highest stream levels. There was some added value in using up to five stream level classes, but there was hardly any improvement in model performance when using more level classes. These results are encouraging for citizen science projects and provide a basis for designing observation systems that collect data that are as informative as possible for deriving model based streamflow time series for previously ungauged basins.
LAND USE ANALYSIS ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN URBAN AREAS USING A GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION AND LANDSAT 8 IMAGERY, A CASE STUDY: TEHRAN, IRAN
Authors: Karimi A. , Pahlavani P. , Bigdeli B.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Due to urbanization and changes in the urban thermal environment and because the land surface temperature (LST) in urban areas are a few degrees higher than in surrounding non-urbanized areas, identifying spatial factors affecting on LST in urban areas is very important. In this regard, due to the unique properties of spatial data, in this study, a geographically weighted regression (GWR) was used to identify effective spatial factors. The GWR is a suitable method for spatial regression issues, because it is compatible with two unique properties of spatial data, i.e. the spatial autocorrelation and spatial non-stationarity. In this study, the Landsat 8 satellite data on 18 August 2014 and Tehran land use data in 2006 was used for determining the land surface temperature and its effective factors. As a result, R2 value of 0.765983 was obtained by taking the Gaussian kernel. The results showed that the industrial,military, transportation, and roads areas have the highest surface temperature.
A DATA DRIVEN METHOD FOR FLAT ROOF BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION FROM LiDAR POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Mahphood A. , Arefi H.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. 3D building modeling is one of the most important applications in photogrammetry and remote sensing. Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) is one of the primary information sources for building modeling. In this paper, a new data-driven method is proposed for 3D building modeling of flat roofs. First, roof segmentation is implemented using region growing method. The distance between roof points and the height difference of the points are utilized in this step. Next, the building edge points are detected using a new method that employs grid data, and then roof lines are regularized using the straight line approximation. The centroid point and direction for each line are estimated in this step. Finally, 3D model is reconstructed by integrating the roof and wall models. In the end, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the proposed method is implemented. The results show that the proposed method could successfully model the flat roof buildings using LiDAR point cloud automatically.
EVALUATION OF MICROWAVE VEGETTION INDEX (MVI) IN MULTI-FREQUENCY AND MULTI-ANGLE
Authors: Talebi S. , Shi J. , Zhao T. , Li Y. , Chuan X. , Chai L.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum are effective for observations of vegetation not only to leaf but also woody parts of vegetation. Specifically, microwave emissivity varies strongly with surface roughness, polarization, look–angle and water content. Microwave Vegetation Index (MVI) is one of the microwave indexes that are based on zero-order model. The zero order models applicable when the scattering contribution with in the vegetation is negligible. In this paper MVI in different frequencies (Base on WCOM project) and different angles (Base on SMOS data) are calculated by Matrix Doubling model to take in to account multi-scattering effects within the vegetation. Then because MVI is depends on vegetation information we tried to analysis its behaviour in different densities of corn canopy by comparing to vegetation optical depth. The result shows linear relationship with height correlation between MVI and effective optical depth. So it can be a useful index in vegetation study for future satellite mission as WCOM.
OPTIMIZATION OF CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY NETWORK DESIGN APPLYING FUZZY COMPUTATION
Authors: Aminia A. S.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Measuring object 3D coordinates with optimum accuracy is one of the most important issues in close range photogrammetry. In this context, network design plays an important role in determination of optimum position of imaging stations. This is, however, not a trivial task due to various geometric and radiometric constraints affecting the quality of the measurement network. As a result, most camera stations in the network are defined on a try and error basis based on the user's experience and generic network concept. In this paper, we propose a post-processing task to investigate the quality of camera positions right after image capturing to achieve the best result. To do this, a new fuzzy reasoning approach is adopted, in which the constraints affecting the network design are all modeled. As a result, the position of all camera locations is defined based on fuzzy rules and inappropriate stations are determined. The experiments carried out show that after determination and elimination of the inappropriate images using the proposed fuzzy reasoning system, the accuracy of measurements is improved and enhanced about 17% for the latter network.