bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lüge und Täuschung in den Zeiten von Putin, Trump & Co.
Authors: König Helmut
Published: September 2020

Putin und Trump gelten gegenwärtig als die mächtigsten Männer der Welt. Beide greifen in ihrer politischen Praxis unentwegt zu Lügen, Täuschungen und Tricks, und zwar nicht nur gegenüber ihren eigenen Bevölkerungen, sondern auch in den internationalen Beziehungen. Warum tun sie das und warum sind sie damit so erfolgreich? Und unterscheiden sie sich damit überhaupt von dem, was ohnehin immer schon in der Politik üblich war und ist - überall auf der Welt? Helmut König unternimmt eine prinzipielle Analyse der Bedeutung von Wahrheit und Lüge in der Politik und geht mit vielen Beispielen ausführlich auf die Lügenpraxis in Trumps Amerika und Putins Russland ein.
Homicidas, Ladrões, Milicianos, Organizações Criminosas, Traficantes e White Collors
Authors: Bonesso Márcio
Published: September 2020

O objetivo principal do paper foi criar conexões de sentido entre a ciência e políticas de segurança pública,

tendo como lócus de estudo as políticas estaduais de prevenção à criminalidade, implantadas em

Uberlândia, no interior de Minas Gerais. Nesse contexto, como objetivo específico a pesquisa estudou a

relação da história do controle do crime da cidade com o impacto dessas políticas estaduais de segurança.

Como desdobramento analítico o trabalho fez uma revisão teórica problematizando vínculos das teorias

sociais e dos programas intervencionistas internacionais, nacionais e estaduais na dinâmica municipal de

Uberlândia. Os resultados demonstraram que houve em algumas periferias uma primazia do eixo da

repressão qualificada sobre o da proteção social, com a expansão do policiamento especializado sem a

inclusão compatível dos funcionários dos programas preventivos. Todavia, as ações sociais desses

funcionários, em muitos contextos microssociais favoreceram a extensão dos serviços públicos para a

população dessas localidades. Por fim, com a deflagração de megaoperações, a partir de 2015, várias ações

criminais de empresários, políticos e agentes da segurança pública foram identificadas, demonstrando um

acréscimo nos alvos da administração da criminalidade no município.
Mulher negra congadeira: engajamento cultural e ativismo negro para além das grandes metrópoles
Authors: Correa Clemente Claudelir
Published: September 2020

Este artigo discute o protagonismo das mulheres negras habitantes do Triângulo Mineiro, em especial aquelas engajadas na manifestação cultural afro-brasileira denominada congada. Conhecida pelo seu aspecto festivo e religioso, a congada reúne um contingente significativo de mulheres negras, fornecendo ao conhecimento científico exemplos singulares de empoderamento feminino e ativismo negro em cidades do interior do país. Numa perspectiva antropológica, este artigo ancora-se na observação etnográfica realizada na comunidade congadeira de Uberlândia. Sua análise problematiza o engajamento feminino na congada como possibilidade de empoderamento da mulher negra, incentivando seu protagonismo e as colocando diante de questões prementes de combate ao racismo e ao sexismo. Entendo que há nas experiências dessas mulheres um feminismo negro que busco realçar com o apoio das reflexões das intelectuais negras Kimberlé Crenshaw, Lélia Gonzalez e Sueli Carneiro.
MEMBERIKAN HAK WALI NIKAH KEPADA KYAI: Praktik Taukil Wali Nikah Pada Masyarakat Adat Sasak Sade
Authors: , Oktaviani , Sugitanata Arif
Published: September 2020

This article discusses about taukil wali nikah, giving the right of guardian of marriage, practiced by the members of Sasak ethnics in in Sade sub-village, Central Lombok. People in Sade give their authority of guardian of marriage to kyai. The main question is why do people in Sade practice taukil wali to the kyai?  Utilizing Soekanto’s concept of sociology of law which concentrates on the reason behind the emergence of law practices, this paper argues that that taukil wali is a form of the appreciation of the members of Sasak ethnics in Sade to Kyai, religious as well as adat prominent figure of thecommunity.  It also plays as a means how people of Sade escape from gossip which will befall them if they do not practice taukil wali by giving the right of guardian of marriage to Kyai, as the guardian has big responsible and only particular figure who can perform it, and it is kyai.Artikel ini membahas tentang praktik taukil wali kepada Kyai yang terjadi pada masyarakat suku Sasak di dusun Sade, Lombok Tengah. Masyarakat di dusun Sade mempraktikkan taukil wali dalam akad perkawinan dengan cara memberikan hak wali kepada kyai. Fokus utama kajian artikel ini adalah mengapa masyarakat Sasak Sade memberikan hak wali dalam pernikahan kepada kyai? Dengan menggunakan konsep alasan munculnya praktek hukum dalam masyarakat yang digagas oleh Soerjono Soekanto, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa praktek taukil wali nikah kepada kyai pada masyarakat Sasak Sade disebabkan oleh dua faktor, yaitu penghargaan terhadap kyai sebagai pemimpin agama dan adat, dan usaha masyarakat untuk menghindari gunjingan sosial jika menikahkan sendiri anak perempuannya. Ini terjadi karena wali nikah mempunyai tanggung jawab besar, dan hanya orang pilihan saja yang dapat melaksanakannya.
Experiences of individuals with various sexual orientations with healthcare professionals
Authors: Krnel Tilen Tej , Skela Savič Brigita
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Individuals may belong to different sexual minorities. Such a personal circumstance should not influence the quality of healthcare. Yet, many face discrimination due to their sexual orientation, while the healthcare system is typically heteronormative. The objective of this integrative review was to provide a synthesis of research evidence on the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals with healthcare professionals.Methods: An integrative literature review was employed, and codes and categories were identified. A literature search was performed in the databases Springer Link, SAGE, CINAHL, Academic Search Elite and MEDLINE. The key words used were: "experiences", "healthcare", "gay patient experiences", "gay", "lesbian", "homosexual", "bisexual" and "transgender". Primary sources were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was conducted with an open coding of the results of selected sources. Results: A total of 6,839 studies were screened from June to August 2018 and 14 (published between 2009 and 2017) were selected for the final analysis. The results yielded 41 codes, combined into two categories termed: 'Positive experiences of LGBT individuals with healthcare professionals' and 'Negative experiences of LGBT individuals with healthcare professionals'.Discussion and conclusion: The experiences of LGBT individuals with healthcare professionals are ambivalent. Although positive experiences prevail, negative ones should not be overlooked as they are derived from heteronormativity and sometimes even prejudice and homophobia. Healthcare professionals need cultural competences which reflect the developments in a society and the needs of its individuals.
Wprowadzenie
Authors: Churski Paweł
Published: September 2020

Przedstawiamy Państwu nr 49 czasopisma „Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna” przygotowywanego przez Wydział Geografii Społeczno-Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Jest to zbiór dziesięciu artykułów opracowanych przez autorów z ośrodków naukowych z całej Polski w formule varia.
Środowiskowa krzywa Kuznetsa: przegląd teoretyczno-metodyczny
Authors: Genstwa Natalia
Published: September 2020

Koncepcja środowiskowej krzywej Kuznetsa (EKC) odnosi się do zależności pomiędzy rozwojem gospodarczym, najczęściej wyrażanym wartością PKB per capita, a degradacją środowiska. Graficzna prezentacja klasycznej postaci krzywej przypomina kształt odwróconej litery „U”. Na kształt krzywej wpływa jednak wiele czynników, stąd powszechna krytyka założenia i próby wykorzystania różnorodnych modeli do weryfikacji zależności. W artykule dokonano przeglądu i analizy współczesnych badań z zakresu weryfikacji koncepcji EKC. Dyskusji poddano przesłanki teoretyczne oraz podejście metodyczne, porównano wykorzystane zmienne objaśniane (stan środowiska) i objaśniające, wielkość próby badawczej, zakres czasowy oraz wyniki badań uzyskane przez badaczy weryfikujących koncepcję EKC. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono możliwości wykorzystania EKC do badań na poziomie regionalnym i lokalnym.
Kreowanie przestrzeni sąsiedzkich w obszarach rewitalizacji na przykładzie Włocławka
Authors: Masierek Edyta , Szajerska Alicja
Published: September 2020

Artykuł zwraca uwagę na potrzebę tworzenia przestrzeni sąsiedzkich na obszarach rewitalizacji jako miejsc integracji i aktywności lokalnej społeczności. Przedstawia aktualne podejście do rewitalizacji w Polsce i sposobu wyznaczania terenów zdegradowanych. Wskazuje cechy przestrzeni sąsiedzkich. Prezentuje na przykładzie Włocławka, w jaki sposób można przygotować koncepcje zagospodarowania przestrzeni znajdujących się w gęstej zabudowie śródmiejskiej, tak aby były one przystosowane do potrzeb użytkowników, stwarzały okazję do nawiązywania relacji sąsiedzkich i jednocześnie wspomagały proces wychodzenia obszaru rewitalizacji z kryzysu. Artykuł może stanowić inspirację dla samorządów realizujących programy rewitalizacji.
Nowe lokalne ruchy społeczne a kapitał polityczny
Authors: Kantyka Sławomir , Kantyka Zbigniew
Published: September 2020

Doświadczenia wielu państw wysoko rozwiniętych dowodzą, że tzw. nowe ruchy społeczne mogą odegrać ważną rolę w nagłaśnianiu spraw, które mają zasadnicze znaczenie dla poprawy życia mieszkańców osiedli, dzielnic, miast, a nawet całych regionów. W polskich warunkach ruchy te mogą mieć istotny wpływ na budowanie demokracji lokalnej, szczególnie w okresie spadku zaufania do partii i dezintegracji struktur politycznych. W coraz większym stopniu aktywność społeczności lokalnych widoczna w ruchach społecznych (np. ruchach miejskich) jest istotnym wkładem w budowanie kapitału społecznego, ale nie przekłada się to na zmianę kierunków rozwoju lokalnego, które są wyznaczane przez polityczne preferencje nie o lokalnym, ale ogólnokrajowym charakterze. Udział ruchów społecznych w procesach współzarządzania jednostkami samorządu terytorialnego, zwłaszcza w miastach, jest coraz większy. Jednak istotną barierą w ich działaniu jest brak zdolności do budowania kapitału politycznego, będącego podstawą do dokonywania zmian w społecznym i politycznym otoczeniu. W artykule przedstawione zostały czynniki decydujące o poziomie kapitału politycznego, właściwości nowych ruchów społecznych oraz znaczenie realizowanych przez nie wartości i celów, struktury, metod działania, świadomości uczestników i obowiązujących rozwiązań instytucjonalno-prawnych dla możliwości osiągania celów praktycznych (lepsze życie wspólnoty) i wartości symbolicznych (pogłębianie demokracji).
Thai-version Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire: concurrent validity, test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and factors predictive for migraine-related disability
Authors: Asawavichienjinda Thanin , Imruetaijaroenchoke Warangkana , Phanthumchinda Kammant
Published: September 2020

Background

A Thai-version of the Migraine Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ 2.1) is available, but a qualified questionnaire used specifically for disability assessment was not available. The most relevant practical disability assessment tested during this study was the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Questionnaire.

Objectives

To test the concurrent validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency of a Thai-version MIDAS questionnaire, and factors to predict disability in people with migraine.

Methods

We conducted the present prospective study at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Bangkok. The original English MIDAS Questionnaire was translated into Thai with back-translation into English and the language equivalence was assessed. The Thai-version MIDAS Questionnaire was tested for concurrent validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency, and factors including duration of migraine history, migraine characteristics, and comorbidity were assessed for the ability to predict migraine-related disability of migraineurs.

Results

Of the 58 participants, 31 were eligible to be included. The validity of the Thai-version questionnaire between the MIDAS total score and the mean headache severity (question B), the mean pain duration per attack, and the mean pain numerical rating scale (NRS) score were moderately correlated with a Spearman correlation coefficient range 0.42–0.58. The test–retest reliability of MIDAS grade had a weighted κ of 0.66, and for individual questions of the MIDAS total score, questions A and B assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients ranged 0.89–0.98. The internal consistency had a Cronbach α of 0.98. The mean pain NRS score in the past 3 months was an independent predictive factor for migraine-related disability.

Conclusion

The Thai-version MIDAS Questionnaire has moderate concurrent validity, acceptable internal consistency, and excellent test–retest reliability. It would be helpful to assess clinical outcomes. Future study with a standardized translation process for the Thai-version questionnaire and a larger sample size is warranted to confirm internal consistency and determine all probable predictive factors for migraine-related disability.
Inverse translation and the language student: A case study
Authors: Gutiérrez Lucía Pintado
Published: September 2020

This article explores the agency of the student in translation in language teaching and learning (or TILT). The purpose of the case study discussed here is to gain an overview of students’ perceptions of translation into the foreign language (FL) (also known as “inverse translation”) following a module on language and translation, and to analyse whether there is any correlation between students’ attitude to translation, its impact on their language learning through effort invested, and the improvement of language skills. The results of the case study reveal translation to be a potentially exciting skill that can be central to FL learning and the analysis gives indications of how and why language teachers may optimise the implementation of translation in the classroom. The outcome of the study suggests that further research is needed on the impact of translation in the language classroom focussing on both teachers’ expectations and students’ achievements.
Corporate Law Rules in Emergency Times Across Europe
Authors: Borselli Angelo , Miguel Ignacio Farrando
Published: September 2020

This paper explores corporate law rules adopted in some European states amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to track the major reform trends and consider how corporate law in Europe has adjusted to the emergency. The analysis focuses primarily on the U.K., Germany, France, Italy and Spain; occasionally, depending also on the relevant rules actually introduced by the states, other systems are considered as well. The paper groups the emergency measures into three main categories that include rules aimed at facilitating shareholders’ meetings and meetings of the board of directors, rules relaxing directors’ duties and liability and giving directors some leeway as companies face unprecedented challenges and uncertainties, and rules designed to support corporate liquidity. The analysis shows that while some points of similarity exist among the emergency rules considered, there are nevertheless numerous differences in their nature, scope, technicalities, and also timing. These differences emphasize a lack of coordination at the European level. The discussion also sheds light on the potential of some emergency measures to call traditional corporate law rules into question and last in what will be the new normal after the crisis.
Energetic Students, Stressed Parents, and Nervous Teachers: A Comprehensive Exploration of Inclusive Homeschooling During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Letzel Verena , Pozas Marcela , Schneider Christoph
Published: September 2020

March 2020 will be reminded as the time when schools around the world came to a shutdown. This resulted in a necessary and immediate redesign of teaching and learning. School-based instruction had to be replaced by a home-based instruction format. This required students, parents and teachers to adapt their daily routines to a new and unknown educational reality. Given this unprecedented situation, research into the impact of homeschooling during the COVID-19 crisis became urgent. This brief report introduces a nation-wide research project in Germany. Following a mixed-methods design, the SCHELLE project titled Student-Parents-Teachers in Homeschooling (abbreviated as SCHELLE following its German name Schüler-Eltern-Lehrer) was developed in order to comprehensively explore students’, parents’, and teachers’ experiences during homeschooling. Overall, the studies focused on collecting quantitative and qualitative data on how homeschooling was implemented, whether inclusive education was considered, and the well-being of all three perspectives. The main findings of the SCHELLE project revealed that the impact of homeschooling expanded not only into the educational domain, but as well into the social (e.g. social distancing), psychological (positive and negative activation), and educational equality matters (implementation of inclusive education).
Hybrid machine learning hydrological model for flood forecast purpose
Authors: Kan Guangyuan , Liang Ke , Yu Haijun , Sun Bowen , Ding Liuqian , Li Jiren , He Xiaoyan , Shen Chengji
Published: September 2020

Machine learning-based data-driven models have achieved great success since their invention. Nowadays, the artificial neural network (ANN)-based machine learning methods have made great progress than ever before, such as the deep learning and reinforcement learning, etc. In this study, we coupled the ANN with the K-nearest neighbor method to propose a novel hybrid machine learning (HML) hydrological model for flood forecast purpose. The advantage of the proposed model over traditional neural network models is that it can predict discharge continuously without accuracy loss owed to its specially designed model structure. In order to overcome the local minimum issue of the traditional neural network training, a genetic algorithm and Levenberg–Marquardt-based multi-objective training method was also proposed. Real-world applications of the HML hydrological model indicated its satisfactory performance and reliable stability, which enlightened the possibility of further applications of the HML hydrological model in flood forecast problems.
Evaluating critical characteristics of vegetable oil as a biodegradable insulating oil for transformer
Authors: Subburaj Senthil Kumar , Rengaraj Madavan , Mariappan Ravindran
Published: September 2020

In transformer, fuel based mineral oil is used as insulation and coolant over many years. The ecological issue related with the current liquid insulation system is the throwing away of used oil samples after drawn out service. The paper investigates the critical properties of biodegradable oil such as olive and palm oil according to international standards. After that, a small laboratory setup of 1 kVA transformer was designed for the load test with insulating fluids with olive oil and palm oil were tested. Likewise, an attempt has been made for the technical feasibility of mixing proportion was also investigated. Then, the experimental results were compared with mineral oil. Experimental analysis shows that vegetable oil’s electrical and fire resistance properties are better than the conventionally present used mineral oil. Yet, the viscosity of vegetable oil is much higher than mineral oil. Added to that, vegetable oils are exhibiting the higher amount of higher molecular fatty acids. From the load test, it is found that transformer with nature ester palm oil has a higher efficiency that of olive oil, but it is found lower efficiency than mineral oil.
Influence of various additives on the early age compressive strength of sodium carbonate activated slag composites: An overview
Authors: Adesina Adeyemi
Published: September 2020

The use of sodium carbonate as an alkali activator for slag to produce alkali-activated slag is promising due to its sustainable, economic and user-friendly properties. However, the lower early age performance of composites made with such binder has limited its use especially in applications where higher early age is required. Hence, in order to propel the application of this sustainable binder, it is imperative to find ways in which the early age performance can be enhanced without having a detrimental effect on later age performance. One of the effective and sustainable ways to enhance the early age strength of sodium carbonate activated slag is by incorporation of various additives as partial replacement of sodium carbonate on/and slag. In order to propel more application of sodium carbonate slag for various applications, this current study was undertaken. In this paper, an overview of the types of various additives that can be used to enhance the early age compressive strength of sodium carbonate activated slag composites was discussed. The mechanism and dosage of each of the additives were briefly discussed alongside the limitation and advantages of the additives. Findings from this overview showed that the early age compressive strength of sodium carbonate activated slag can be enhanced with the use of additives such as calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, Portland cement, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate.
Enhancement of rotational vacuum friction by surface photon tunneling
Authors: Xu Zhujing , Jacob Zubin , Li Tongcang
Published: September 2020

When a neutral sphere is rotating near a surface in vacuum, it will experience a frictional torque due to quantum and thermal electromagnetic fluctuations. Such vacuum friction has attracted many interests but has been too weak to be observed. Here we investigate the vacuum frictional torque on a barium strontium titanate (BST) nanosphere near a BST surface. BST is a perovskite ferroelectric ceramic that can have large dielectric responses at GHz frequencies. At resonant rotating frequencies, the mechanical energy of motion can be converted to electromagnetic energy through resonant photon tunneling, leading to a large enhancement of the vacuum friction. The calculated vacuum frictional torques at resonances at sub-GHz and GHz frequencies are several orders larger than the minimum torque measured by an optically levitated nanorotor recently, and are thus promising to be observed experimentally. Moreover, we calculate the vacuum friction on a rotating sphere near a layered surface for the first time. By optimizing the thickness of the thin-film coating, the frictional torque can be further enhanced by several times.
Interdisciplinarity 3.0: The Hub of the Universe or Fantasy Island?
Authors: Gaakeer Jeanne
Published: September 2020

This contribution provides, in a condensed form, the argument on the topic of interdisciplinarity within Law and the Humanities of my recent book Judging from Experience. Law, Praxis, Humanities. It also engages with recent proposals for the future, both in Law and Humanities and as far as the humanities in themselves are concerned. Its main point is that any “Law and” field that remains theoretical and does not seek to inform legal practice will suffer from a lack of impact of the kind university administrators demand from academic researchers. If interdisciplinary fields are to thrive, they need to provide nourishment to the legal professional by combining the findings of academic theory (including but not limited to legal doctrine) with the specifics of doing law.
Along the Path Towards E-Democracy: The Digital Age and Its ‘Models’
Authors: Pelloso Carlo
Published: September 2020

Current Western constitutional systems, for quite a few practical reasons, seem to be a sick body that deserves and needs a soft euthanasia, rather than useless palliative care. On the one hand, the words ‘election’ and ‘democracy’ are currently considered synonymous: yet, when the supporters of the American and French revolutions proposed the technique of representation as a means to implement ‘the will of the people,’ there were no parties, no statutes concerning universal franchise, no mass-media, and no Internet. On the other hand, classical Athens has taught us that democracy is more than voting and something different from representation. This contribution argues that merging the radical ideas flourished in the past with the digital culture embedded in the present shall help wipe out the contemporary crisis under the banner of a new e-δημοκρατία.
Duloxetine for the management of sensory and taste alterations, following iatrogenic damage of the lingual and chorda tympani nerve
Authors: Junad Khan , Ruchika Sood , Moin Anwer , Mythili Kalladka
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Nerve injury may lead to pain and sensory changes such as dysesthesia and paresthesia. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is a psychophysical testing method used to quantify nerve damage and monitor its recovery. Duloxetine is used in the management of neuropathic pain conditions, but its effect on taste recovery has not been previously reported.

Case representation

A 65-year-old female, presented to the orofacial pain clinic, with a chief complaint of a burning sensation on the tongue, taste changes and a feeling of tightness beneath the tongue for five months. She reported that the complaints began subsequent to a complicated dental extraction during which she experienced trauma to the tongue. Patient was advised to take duloxetine 60 mg in divided doses three times daily. The assessment and monitoring of the recovery pattern were performed using QST. Electrical taste detection (mediated by chorda tympani) and electrical detection/tingling thresholds were performed at periodic intervals for up to a year following the nerve injury in the chorda tympani and lingual nerve territory. The patient reported complete recovery in taste sensation with duloxetine and this correlated with the QST results. QST documented at the end of one year revealed the electrical taste detection threshold and electrical detection threshold return to near normal values.

Conclusions

QST may be a useful diagnostic tool to assess and monitor lingual and chorda tympani nerve injuries. Duloxetine may aid in the recovery of the taste changes following lingual and chorda tympani nerve injury.
Historical Justice: On First-Order and Second-Order Arguments for Justice
Authors: Zreik Raef
Published: September 2020

This Article makes three moves. First it suggests and elaborates a distinction—already implicit in the literature—between what I will call the first and second order of arguments for justice (hereinafter FOAJ and SOAJ). In part, it is a distinction somewhat similar to that between just war and justice in war. SOAJ are akin to the rules governing justice in war or rules of engagement, while bracketing the reasons and causes of the conflict. FOAJ on the hand are those principles of justice and arguments that derive their power from the distribution of entitlements, rights and duties of the parties prior to the conflict they are supposed to adjudicate. FOAJ aim in many ways to restore the distribution of entitlements that existed on the eve of the conflict. Thus, all arguments for corrective or historical justice could be viewed as FOAJ.

The second move in the paper associates FOAJ with the Palestinians and SOAJ with Zionism first and Israel later on. The more the settler Zionist project became a reality, the more the Palestinian population felt a threat to their national project and exercised resistance, including violent resistance. The more Palestinians showed resistance, the more appealing and more relevant SOAJ of self-defense, security, and emergency.

The third move in the paper is to ask questions regarding the relation between FOAJ and SOAJ offer a critique of the distinction itself, and offers a critique of the way the distinction is being deployed in the case of Israel-Palestine. The Israeli claims for self-defense and security(SOAJ) are becoming so pervasive that they threaten to suspend the claims for historical justice forever (FOAJ), to the point that everything, even the regime that is crystallizing in front of our eyes as an Apartheid regime, is being justified as a temporal necessity. Israel deployment of SOAJ is done in bad faith.
Origin of Oxides and Oxide-Related Pores in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Parts
Authors: Ohtsuki Tomio , Smith Lonnie , Tang Ming , Pistorius P. Chris
Published: September 2020

Fatigue cracks grow from pores at the surface of components that were produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). In AlSi10Mg components produced by LPBF, large oxides apparently interfere with consolidation of powder into the melt pool, contributing to part porosity; the oxides may also nucleate hydrogen porosity. In previous work, it was found that the effect of such porosity on fatigue life could be predicted by measuring pores found on a sample size of a few square millimeters and extrapolating to the much larger surface of a fatigue test specimen. The aim of this work is to understand the fundamental origin of oxides in LPBF as a basis for controlling the defects. The sources considered here are the native oxide on the surface of metal powder and oxidation of hot spatter in the build chamber for the case of LPBF of UNS N07718 samples. Kinetic analysis indicates that the rate of oxidation of a spatter droplet would be controlled by the oxygen concentration in the build chamber. From measurement of the surface coverage of deposited oxide particles (apparently oxidized spatter) on the build surface, and estimating the thickness of these deposits, it is concluded that about twice as much oxidized spatter is deposited on the part surface (during building of each layer) than the amount of oxygen incorporated into the part from this source. A possible reason for this difference is that spatter oxides might be partially removed from the part surface during recoating.
Characterization of Functionally Graded Materials Based on Inconel 718 and Stainless Steel 316L Manufactured by DED Process
Authors: Džugan Jan , Melzer Daniel , Koukolíková Martina , Vavřík Jaroslav , Seifi Mohsen
Published: September 2020

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are being widely investigated and gradually applied for engineering applications. Presently, the main focus is on single material systems deposition, where there are still many issues with process stability and repeatability. However, a further huge leap in the field of AM process development will be the design of multiple material–heterogeneous components. The current study presents investigation of an experimental build consisting of multiple layers of austenitic stainless steel 316L and Inconel 718, which was created by a powder blow direct energy deposition system allowing simultaneous multiple materials' deposition. Results report details of the microstructure investigation using optical metallography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis focusing on transition regions between the materials, where a significant difference was found in transition steel to Inconel and Inconel to steel. Hardness profile across deposited layers is established. Mechanical property assessment of the materials within the single material layers over the materials' transition in the horizontal direction as well as across multimaterial layers in the building direction was carried out with the use of minitensile specimens. Results obtained in this study demonstrate the importance of the order of deposited materials and the effect on their mechanical properties.
Analysis of Data Streams for Qualification and Certification of Inconel 738LC Airfoils Processed through Electron Beam Melting
Authors: Kirka Michael , Rose Derek , Halsey William , Ziabari Amirkoushyar , Paquit Vincent , Ryan Daniel , Brackman Paul
Published: September 2020

Qualification and certification of components fabricated through additive manufacturing (AM) are daunting tasks due to the large numbers of process variables and defect structures that can form during the AM process. However, unlike traditional manufacturing processes, AM offers the unprecedented opportunity to observe the interior of parts in real time as they are being grown, in addition to the capacity to record the entire manufacturing process as a function of time and space. As a result, a digital twin can be generated for each part given the capability to interpret and analyze available data streams into meaningful results. However, transforming these data streams into meaningful results is currently the crux of the AM certification challenge. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has completed a program to develop the necessary processing science to enable the fabrication of prototype airfoils for industrial gas turbine engines from the difficult-to-AM-process nickel-base (Ni-base) superalloy Inconel 738LC for hot-fire engine trial evaluation. While scaling the electron beam melting (EBM) process to allow serial production of airfoils in sufficient quantities for blading a disk is straightforward, effectively capturing the subset population of defect-bearing airfoils before entering service presents concerns not only for the structural integrity of the airfoil but also the gas turbine engine. Currently, industry accepted protocols for screening critical AM rotating components do not currently exist. The process and protocols established for screening and identifying defective airfoils within the context of this program are discussed. This includes the development and training of a machine learning algorithm for identifying defects (such as porosity, lack of fusion, and cracking) coupled with high-throughput computed tomography for validating the results of the machine learning algorithm and data analytics used to identify build-to-build and machine-to-machine variability throughout the build program.
Cortical Presynaptic Boutons Progressively Engulf Spinules as They Mature
Authors: Campbell Charles , Lindhartsen Sarah , Knyaz Adam , Erisir Alev , Nahmani Marc
Published: September 2020

Despite decades of discussion in the neuroanatomical literature, the role of the synaptic “spinule” in synaptic development and function remains elusive. Canonically, spinules are finger-like projections that emerge from postsynaptic spines and can become enveloped by presynaptic boutons. When a presynaptic bouton encapsulates a spinule in this manner, the membrane apposition between the spinule and surrounding bouton can be significantly larger than the membrane interface at the synaptic active zone. Hence, spinules may represent a mechanism for extrasynaptic neuronal communication and/or may function as structural “anchors” that increase the stability of cortical synapses. Yet despite their potential to impact synaptic function, we have little information on the percentages of developing and adult cortical bouton populations that contain spinules, the percentages of these cortical spinule-bearing boutons (SBBs) that contain spinules from distinct neuronal/glial origins, or whether the onset of activity or cortical plasticity are correlated with increased prevalence of cortical SBBs. Here, we employed 2D and 3D electron microscopy to determine the prevalence of spinules in excitatory presynaptic boutons at key developmental time points in the primary visual cortex (V1) of female and male ferrets. We find that the prevalence of SBBs in V1 increases across postnatal development, such that ∼25% of excitatory boutons in late adolescent ferret V1 contain spinules. In addition, we find that a majority of spinules within SBBs at later developmental time points emerge from postsynaptic spines and adjacent boutons/axons, suggesting that synaptic spinules may enhance synaptic stability and allow for axo-axonal communication in mature sensory cortex.
A Neural Circuit from Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus to Central Amygdala for the Facilitation of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Liang Shao-Hua , Zhao Wen-Jun , Yin Jun-Bin , Chen Ying-Biao , Li Jia-Ni , Feng Ban , Lu Ya-Cheng , Wang Jian , Dong Yu-Lin , Li Yun-Qing
Published: September 2020

As one of the thalamic midline nuclei, the thalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVT) is considered to be an important signal integration site for many descending and ascending pathways that modulate a variety of behaviors, including feeding, emotions, and drug-seeking. A recent study has demonstrated that the PVT is implicated in the acute visceral pain response, but it is unclear whether the PVT plays a critical role in the central processing of chronic pain. Here, we report that the neurons in the posterior portion of the PVT (pPVT) and their downstream pathway are involved in descending nociceptive facilitation regarding the development of neuropathic pain conditions in male rats. Lesions or inhibition of pPVT neurons alleviated mechanical allodynia induced by spared nerve injury (SNI). The excitability of pPVT-central amygdala (CeA) projection neurons was significantly increased in SNI rats. Importantly, selective optogenetic activation of the pPVT-CeA pathway induced obvious mechanical hypersensitivity in naive rats. In addition, we used rabies virus (RV)-based and cell-type-specific retrograde transsynaptic tracing techniques to define a novel neuronal circuit in which glutamatergic neurons in the vlPAG were the target of the pPVT-CeA descending facilitation pathway. Our data suggest that this pPVTGlu+-CeA-vlPAGGlu+circuit mediates central mechanisms of descending pain facilitation underlying persistent pain conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStudies have shown that the interactions between the posterior portion of the thalamic paraventricular nucleus (pPVT) and central amygdala (CeA) play a critical role in pain-related emotional regulation. However, most reports have associated this circuit with fear and anxiety behaviors. Here, an integrative approach of behavioral tests, electrophysiology, and immunohistochemistry was used to advance the novel concept that the pPVT-CeA pathway activation facilitates neuropathic pain processing. Using rabies virus (RV)-based and cell-type-specific retrograde transsynaptic tracing techniques, we found that glutamatergic neurons in the vlPAG were the target of the pPVT-CeA pathway. Thus, this study indicates the involvement of a pPVTGlu+-CeA-vlPAGGlu+pathway in a descending facilitatory mechanism underlying neuropathic pain.
Readiness Evaluation of the Multimedia Technology Teachers in Implementing Curriculum 2011 in Timor-Leste
Authors: Savio Leovelgilda Fernandes , Samsudi Samsudi , Prihatin Titi
Published: September 2020

The implementation of the Timor-Leste curriculum 2011 for the multimedia technology subject at Public High School in Baucau sub-district needs to be evaluated for maintaining the consistency of the curriculum objective achievements. This research aims to know the teachers’ readiness in implementing the Timor-Leste curriculum 2011. The aspects considered are official language competence, academic qualification, pedagogical competence, and professional competence. This research is a survey analysis using 7 respondents of multimedia technology teachers. The result of the research shows that the teachers at Public High School 01 and 02 in Baucau Sub-district are in the "high” category because the percentage of achievement from the four aspects is 91.71 % until 85%. The teachers’ readiness should be evaluated as the guidance or resource to increase the teachers' competence from the aspect of academic competence, teachers' qualifications, pedagogical competence, and professional competence to give the qualified output of the education.
The Effectiveness of Project Based Learning and Discovery Learning with Modul to Improve Learning Outcome for AutoCAD Subject
Authors: Ashfahani Aufa , Haryono Haryono , Kustiono Kustiono
Published: September 2020

In fact of AutoCAD learning, there is still the use of conventional method. So, the students does not achieve the quality maximally. It is important to make the innovation of learning model in order to produce the competent outcomes. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Project Based Learning and Discovery Learning with module to increase learning outcome of AutoCAD subject. Those are three main parts of this study. The first is the different influence between Project Based Learning and Discovery Learning on the learning outcome, the second is the different influence between male and female on the learning outcomes and the third is the interaction between Project Based Learning, Discovery Learning and gender on the learning outcome. This research was 2x2 factorial experiment with a quantitative approach. The data source of this study were 186 students of class XI of SMKN (Vocational School) 4 Semarang in the 2019/2020 school year. From 186 students, there were 36 students of class XI TGB1 as the experimental class and 37 students of class XI TGB2 as the control class. The results shows that Project Based Learning model and Discovery Learning with module could improve students’ learning outcomes in SMK 4 grade XI. From the gender interaction aspect of the Project Based Learning model and Discovery Learning, it shows the learning outcomes for male are higher than female. Thus, the Project Based Learning model is appropriate for AutoCAD subject because it can prepare students to face the workforce.
A Portrait of Teacher Training Program for Tutors in Tuition Center in Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhani Dwi Putri , Sumaryanto Florentinus Totok , Utanto Yuli
Published: September 2020

Teacher training is a group of several activities conducted intentionally by a group of people or someone using many kinds of learning type to enhance capability, knowledge, experience and action to create meaningful learning. The aim of this study is to describe teacher training in tuition center. The method applied in this study is explanatory mixed method by Creswell. Data collection technique used are questionnaire, interview, observation and applied parametric inferential data for numerical data. The research result showed that even though tutors in tuition center are not from educational program, they still have high interest to teach. The existed training system is proven to be effective to teach pedagogical knowledge for tutors with non educational program. Training program for tutors are not systematic yet, therefore there is a huge oportunity and challenge for curriculum developer to create a curriculum for tutors in tuition center that can be use by all tuition center in Indonesia. This study proved that there is an urgent need of curriculum for teacher training program in tuition center and also become a reference to develop the curriculum. This study can be used as a reference for curriculum developer to create curriculum for tutors in tuition center.
El delito de ocupación ilegal no violenta de bienes inmuebles
Authors: Ramón Ribas Eduardo
Published: September 2020

El artículo 245.2 del Código Penal español tipifica la ocupación, sin autorización debida, de inmuebles, viviendas o edificios ajenos que no constituyan morada; también, el mantenimiento en ellos contra la voluntad de su titular. El tenor literal de dicho precepto es extremadamente amplio, pues lo son los verbos típicos, ocupar y mantener, pero también su objeto material, no solo viviendas y edificios, sino cualquier bien inmueble: terrenos, plazas de garaje o amarre, caminos, jardines, casas de aperos, etc. Especialmente problemática resulta la determinación del ámbito de aplicación de la segunda conducta típica, subsidiaria de la primera. ¿Es preciso que sea posterior a una ocupación ilícita, no necesariamente delictiva? ¿Presupone el mantenimiento en el inmueble contra la voluntad de su titular una ocupación inicial lícita, consentida por este último? ¿Deben admitirse como propios del ámbito de aplicación del artículo 245 títulos posesorios iniciales que han dejado de legitimar la posesión?
Application Value of Rapid Predictive Model for Readmission Risk in Patients after CABG
Authors: Lv Tiao , Zhang Yinghong , Zhang Wen , Hu Liu , Liu Guozhen , Cheng Hong , Huang Jing
Published: September 2020

Objective: To explore the value of a rapid risk predictive model for the readmission of patients after CABG in China.
Methods: The rapid predictive model of readmission risk was translated into Chinese, and then validated with data from 758 patients who underwent CABG in Wuhan Asian Heart Hospital from January 2018 to June 2019. The discrimination was tested by area under the ROC curve (AUC), and the calibration was tested by Hosmer-Lemeshow test.
Results: The rapid risk predictive model for readmission showed good discrimination and calibration in Chinese CABG patients (The area under ROC curve c-statistic: 0.704, 95% CI: 0.614-0.794; Hosmer-Lemeshow test: P = .955).
Conclusion: The rapid readmission risk predictive model can be used in Chinese CABG patients soon after admission.
Density Functionalized Drug-Surfactant Interaction of Aqueous SDS-Tartrazine
Authors: J M Mir  , F A Itoo
Published: September 2020

Study of molecular density theory is considered nowadays as a powerful tool to speculate various physical and chemical properties of materials. Herein, we report the theoretical inference of associated changes in chemical properties of sodium dodecyl sulphate and tartrazine when allowed to go through pre- and post-micellization phenomena. Because of the involvement of the two compounds in manifold industrial applications, the study reflects some important conclusions of drug-surfactant chemistry. The computational work involves the use of Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM), water as solvent and 631g(d,p) basis set with B3LYP as functional. Each molecule was run individually first to arrive at an optimized structure followed by a final optimization of assumed network (mesh of proposed binary mixture) to visualize the changes that occur on combination. Each set of energy minimal calculation was then run for frequency calculation, electronic spectral evaluation and molecular natural population analysis. Molecular electrostatic potential surfaces were discussed in linking the appropriate hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction.
Effect of Partial Replacement of Slag and Nano Silica Infused Slag on Properties of Concrete
Authors: Prakash Mallappa Munnoli  , Tejashwini R. Pattar  , Jyoti S. Garawad
Published: September 2020

Investigations were carried out on the changes in properties of concrete when steel slag is used in concrete in its normal form and after modifying its properties by infusing it with nano-silica. The sand is replaced by steel slag and modified steel slag by 10%, 20% and 30% in M30 grade concrete. Tests results on compressive strength and workability of concrete revealed that compressive strength of concrete cubes after 28 days increased by 25.4%, 26.4% and 45.2% for 10%, 20% and 30% respectively after replacing sand by steel slag. After modification of steel slag properties by infusing it with nano silica, the 28 days compressive strength was observed to be increased by 38.19%, 35.80% and 27.89% for 10%, 20% and 30% as compared to traditional concrete mix respectively after replacement. Infusing steel slag with nano silica increased the compressive strength of concrete mix by 20.17%, 25.74% and 49.64% for 10%, 20% and 30% respectively when compared to normal steel slag concrete mix. It was also observed that using steel slag in concrete mix also influences on water consumption in concrete mix. Workability tests conducted using 0.45 and 0.5 w/c ratio and the inference was that the workability increased with the increase in percentage of steel slag but workability decreases with the increase in percentage of modified steel slag.