bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Did Platon (Politeia 571d) Believe That Every One of Us Is a Repressed Cannibal?
Authors: Enache Cătălin
Published: April 2023

At the beginning of Book 9 of the Politeia (571cd), Platon suggests that all people bear in themselves unlawful desires like the desire to have sex with their own mother or with any other human, god, or beast, the desire to murder anyone, or the desire to eat anything. Modern scholars take it for granted that by the desire to eat anything, Platon means cannibalism. This view is based on the fact that Platon discusses unlawful desires in connection with the tyrannical man and that the tyrant is, elsewhere in the Politeia, twice connected with anthropophagy (at 8.565d–566a and 10.619c). This paper challenges this communis opinio and argues that we have no reason to assume that at Politeia 9.571d Platon claims that every one of us has the hidden desire to consume human flesh. Also, the alleged cannibalism of the Platonic tyrant is questioned. A close reading of the passages 8.565d–566a and 10.619c reveals that in the depiction of the tyrant Platon makes use of mythological motifs and literary topoi but never literally claims that the tyrant has cannibalistic desires.
Tyranny in Tragedy
Authors: Stewart Edmund
Published: April 2023

The meaning of the word tyrannos in Greek tragedy is much debated. Some have assumed that the word is always a neutral term signifying ‘ruler’ alone. Others argue for competing ideologies regarding tyranny: the result of an evolution in thinking on autocracy. This article challenges both of these assumptions. The negative meaning of tyrannos is always latent in tragedy, even where the word is used objectively and not as a term of abuse. Tyrannos does not simply indicate a powerful individual but implies absolute power, fortune and wealth. This absolute power leads to ruin and tyrannical vice. Tyrannos signifies not a bad or illegitimate ruler, but rather one with the potential to develop such characteristics. It is the tyrant who evolves, whereas Greek conceptions of tyranny remain largely unchanged from at least the time of Aeschylus to that of Aristotle.
Servile Stories and Contested Histories: Empire, Memory, and Criticism in Livy’s Ab Urbe Condita
Authors: Lykins Maxwell J.
Published: April 2023

Scholars often turn to Livy’s famous digression on Aulus Cossus and the spolia opima (4.17–20) to shed light on his larger political inclinations. These readings generally regard Livy as either an Augustan (or at least a patriotic Roman) or an apolitical skeptic. Yet neither view, I argue, fully explains the Cossus affair. What is needed is an interpretation that recognizes the political nature of the Cossus digression and its skepticism toward Augustus. Attending to Livy’s rhetorical strategy in the digression allows us to see it as an instance of oblique criticism of Augustus and his control over Roman life. The explanatory power of this reading extends to episodes from the life of Romulus as well. I argue Livy uses these stories to make a theoretical argument about the nature of despotism, namely, that it seeks to control narratives of the past just as much as it aims for political domination.
Images of Thai Women in Thai Travel Magazines
Authors: Buaphet Permtip
Published: April 2023

This research on the portrayal of women in Thai travel narratives aims to analyze the structure and components of these narratives and examines the language strategies used to present the images of Thai women within the context of travel magazines by combining textual analysis with visual methodology. Altogether 313 narratives from 48 issues of Vacationist, Travel around the World, Neekrung and Osotho magazines published between June 2018 and May 2019 were collected. The study reveals that the meanings of travel and the images of Thai women in the travel magazines through the use of language strategies are formed in a positive way. Solo female travelers are depicted as adventurers, nature lovers and soul searchers. These images indicate individuality and financial independence. On the other hand, female travelers with companions are displayed in association with their roles as wives, mothers and daughters.
Burmese Nissaya Literature: A Mainstream Monastic Education Learning Method and its Salient Features
Authors: Herngseng Ven. Pannabhoga
Published: April 2023

In some of the earliest Buddhist literature found in Myanmar, a type of translation in which each Pali word is followed by its relevant annotative interpretation, known as nissaya, can be found. Previous studies (Tin Lwin 1961; Pruitt 1992; McDaniel 2008; Clark 2015) only examined what a nissaya is and to what literary genre nissaya literature belongs. In this paper, I will explore the various ways in which Burmese nissaya literature evolved into a mainstream monastic learning method, its role in the monastic education in Burma in particular, and further investigate whether the nissayas can be applied more generally and what the relationship is between nissaya and official Burmese Tipitaka translation. Lastly, this study argues that the Burmese nissaya literature can be compared to be on par with the encyclopaedic compilation on a specific subject.
Facile Method for the Preperation of a Stable, and High Performance UV-Vis Photodetector with Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):PCBM Composite Polymer
Authors: Algadi Hassan
Published: April 2023

A high performance and stable UV-Vis hybrid photodetector with P3HT:PCBM composite polymer film encapsulated with a micro thin layer of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is reported. The hybrid P3HT:PCBM composite junction was chractarized with several tools. XRD revaled the presence of both
P3HT and PCBM polymer in the The hybrid P3HT:PCBM composite junction. Furthermore, the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometers reveal that the absorption and emission of the hybrid P3HT:PCBM composite junction have significantly enhanced compared with that of
the pure P3HT film, and PCBM. In addition. the hybrid photodetector shows a low-level dark current (0.13 nA), a high-level light current (IL = 0.13 nA), an ON/OFF ratio (2.69×106), a responsivity (R = 7.11 A/W), and a specific detectivity (D*
= 3.32×1013 J). The responsivity of the hybrid was improved by 4 times in magnitudes compared with that of the pure PCBM and the P3HT. this result pave the way for utlizing the hybrid P3HT:PCBM composite junction in enhncing performance of optolectronics.
Mathematical Modeling, Prediction and Research on Heat and Moisture Transfer of a Kind of Textile Materials
Authors: Cui Yimin , Moi@Sopiah Abdullah Siew Nyet
Published: April 2023

The structure, layers, and mix of a particular type of textile material affects how warm and permeable to moisture a piece of clothing is. The microclimate region between the human body and clothes also has an impact on it. Designing warm clothing and choosing materials can be guided
by the inverse problem of the heat and moisture transfer model and its parameter determination in winter clothing. This paper investigates the mathematical modeling of heat and moisture transfer of a class of textile materials based on PSO (abbreviation: PSO). Under the two categories of temperature
and humidity combinations mentioned above, the three materials exhibit extreme values and are one of a kind. The disturbance function of polypropylene fiber material at 5% is 10, the disturbance function of polyester material at 5% is 8, and the disturbance function of wool material at 5%
is 18 when the fabric thickness reaches 0.012. PSO was used in this experiment to calculate the thickness inversion results for fabrics made of polypropylene, polyester, and wool. The results are consistent with those in the figure. In order to solve the inverse problem of functional design,
it is necessary to mathematically study the transfer of heat and moisture through textile materials.
miR-212-3p Promotes Synovial Inflammation in Osteoarthritis by Regulating 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1/Glucocorticoid/Glucocorticoid Induced Leucine Zipper Signaling Axis in Human Synovial Fibroblasts
Authors: Xiang Min , Wei Bo , Sun Jiecong , Liang Zhen , Peng Zhiheng
Published: April 2023

To investigate the regulatory effect and mechanism of miR-212-3p-mediated 11β-HSD1/GC/GILZ signal axis on the inflammatory response of human synovial fibroblasts (HFLS). HFLS cells were cultured and divided into Control group, inhibitor-NC group and miR-212-3p group. Cell
activity, apoptosis, inflammatory factors and 11β-HSD1/GC/GILZ signal axis expression were observed in each group. After inhibiting the expression of miR-212-3p, the HFLS cell inflammation model constructed by IL-1β increased cell activity, decreased apoptosis rate,
decreased expression of inflammatory factors, and increased expression of 11β-HSD1, cortisol and GILZ. In conclusion, miR-212-3p targeted down-regulated the expression of 11β-HSD1. Inhibition of miR-212-3p can regulate the 11β-HSD1/GC/GILZ signaling axis
to promote the reversal of IL-1β-mediated HFLS cell inflammatory response.
Self-Assembly Loading of Schisandra chinensis Nanoparticles and Its Effect on the Malignant Biological Behavior of Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Aimin , Hu Ruihua
Published: April 2023

Schisandra polysaccharide (SCHP) was utilized as the target drug, and Zein (corn prolamine) was utilized as the drug carrier. First, SCHP/Zein nanoparticles (Zein-SCHP NPs) were prepared. Then, a polydopamine (PDP) coating was utilized to enhance the stability and tumor targeting of
Zein. Finally, the folic acid (FA)-targeting ligand was covalently attached to the PDP-modified Zein-SCHP@PDP NP surface to form a highly pH-sensitive NP (Zein-SCHP@PDP-FA NPs) with active/passive targeting. In the experiment, apart from physical characterization of Zein-SCHP-based nanomaterials,
the in vitro cytotoxicity and cell uptake properties of these materials were tested. In addition, an ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV3, was taken as the research object to explore the photodynamic-mediated killing effect of Zein-SCHP@PDP-FA NPs on this cancer cell. The results demonstrated
that the average particle size of Zein-SCHP@PDP-FA NPs was (379.68±1.36) nm, the zeta potential was (−43.68±1.67) mV, the encapsulation efficiency was (97.86±1.38)%, and the drug loading was (11.75±0.16)%. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) suggested that
the Zein-SCHP@PDP-FA NPs were spherical, and there was no adhesion between the particles. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and far infrared (FIR) results indicated that SCHP existed in the NPs in the crystal structure and proved that the PDP and FA were successfully modified. The in
vitro release of the drug showed that Zein-SCHP@PDP-FA NPs had sustained release, and the CCK-8 test showed that Zein-SCHP@PDP-FA NPs were highly cytotoxic and could notably reduce the IC50 values of SCHP. Furthermore, in vitro uptake experiments revealed that Zein-SCHP@PDP-FA
NPs exhibited strong specific recognition in cells expressing different folate receptors. Compared with Zein-SCHP NPs and Zein-SCHP@PDP NPs, Zein-SCHP@PDP-FA NPs combined with photodynamic therapy enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cells, downregulated hypoxia-inducible factor
(HIF)-1α and interleukin (IL)-6 proteins, and exerted more destructive effects on SKOV3 cells.
Value of Thoracic CT in Blunt Trauma Patients With High Glasgow Coma Scale and Low Injury Severity Scale
Authors: Wasfie Tarik , Hardy Rachel , Naisan Mursal , Hella Jennifer , Barber Kimberly , Yapchai Raquel , Memar Shayan , Megaly Maher , Shapiro Brian
Published: April 2023

Objective

To determine the value of ordering a routine chest CT (CCT) in patients with blunt trauma presenting to the emergency department with a high GCS and low ISS, we retrospectively collected patient data including CT scan results, when physical examination and initial chest X-ray were normal in the trauma bay area.

Methods

A retrospective data collection of 901 consecutive blunt trauma patients seen in the ED between 2017 and 2019 was analyzed. Data included physical examination, age, gender, current use of anticoagulation therapy, comorbid conditions, as well as the result of radiologic images, hospital length of stay, surgical intervention, and mortality. The patients were divided into two groups: group one (patients with negative physical examination; chest x-ray and CT) and group 2 (negative physical examination, positive or negative chest x-ray, and positive CT). Statistical analysis was performed using student’s t-test and chi-square test.

Results

Of the 901 patients there were 489 (54%) males and 412 (46%) females with a mean age of 56 years. There were 461 patients who had a physical examination, chest x-ray, abdominal and CCT done. Group one included 442 (96%) patients, with negative physical examination, negative chest X-ray and CT scan. In group 2, 19 (4%) patients who had positive CT and or chest x-ray. Both groups were similar in GCS and ISS. Of the 19 patients, sixteen patients had a positive CCT, and thirteen of those had a positive chest x-ray. In the three patients who had negative physical examination and chest x-ray, the CT findings included one with a nondisplaced 10th rib fracture and two patients with osteoporotic compression fractures of dorsal vertebrae. The rate of both chest x-ray and CCT being positive among a group of screened patients was 16% (3/19) and the rate of a negative chest x-ray but positive CT was 16% (3/19). The odds ratio between the two outcomes was one.

Conclusion

In blunt trauma patients presenting to the ED with a high GCS and low ISS score, when initial physical examination and chest x-ray are negative, routine CCT is of little value.
Perceived Dangerousness Mediates Punitive Attitudes Toward Sex Offenders: Results From a Vignette Experiment
Authors: Kruis Nathan E. , Ménard Kim S. , Choi Jaeyong , Rowland Nicholas J. , Frye Tyler , Kosaka Rachel , Williams Alicia
Published: April 2023

The current study used an experimental vignette ( n = 1,093) to examine the effects of perpetrator sex and age, and victim sex and age, on simulated juror sentencing recommendations for individuals convicted of sexual offenses (ICSO). Path analyses were used to see if differences in punitive attitudes could be explained by perceptions of dangerousness participants attached to experimentally manipulated variables, as hypothesized by attribution theorists. Results show that participants consistently recommended longer sentences, higher fines, and indicated greater support for post-release sanctions for male offenders, older perpetrators, and for offenders who victimized younger adolescents. Path analysis demonstrated that perceptions of dangerousness partially mediated the relationship between experimentally manipulated predictor variables and recommended sentence length, providing partial support for attribution theory.
The Trade-Off Between Factor Score Determinacy and the Preservation of Inter-Factor Correlations
Authors: Beauducel André , Hilger Norbert , Kuhl Tobias
Published: April 2023

Regression factor score predictors have the maximum factor score determinacy, that is, the maximum correlation with the corresponding factor, but they do not have the same inter-correlations as the factors. As it might be useful to compute factor score predictors that have the same inter-correlations as the factors, correlation-preserving factor score predictors have been proposed. However, correlation-preserving factor score predictors have smaller correlations with the corresponding factors (factor score determinacy) than regression factor score predictors. Thus, higher factor score determinacy goes along with bias of the inter-correlations and unbiased inter-correlations go along with lower factor score determinacy. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the size and conditions of the trade-off between factor score determinacy and bias of inter-correlations by means of algebraic considerations and a simulation study. It turns out that under several conditions very small gains of factor score determinacy of the regression factor score predictor go along with a large bias of inter-correlations. Instead of using the regression factor score predictor by default, it is proposed to check whether substantial bias of inter-correlations can be avoided without substantial loss of factor score determinacy using a correlation-preserving factor score predictor. A syntax that allows to compute correlation-preserving factor score predictors from regression factor score predictors, and to compare factor score determinacy and inter-correlations of the factor score predictors is given in the Appendix.
Dominance Analysis for Latent Variable Models: A Comparison of Methods With Categorical Indicators and Misspecified Models
Authors: Finch W. Holmes
Published: April 2023

Dominance analysis (DA) is a very useful tool for ordering independent variables in a regression model based on their relative importance in explaining variance in the dependent variable. This approach, which was originally described by Budescu, has recently been extended to use with structural equation models examining relationships among latent variables. Research demonstrated that this approach yields accurate results for latent variable models involving normally distributed indicator variables and correctly specified models. The purpose of the current simulation study was to compare the use of this DA approach to a method based on observed regression DA and DA when the latent variable model is estimated using two-stage least squares for latent variable models with categorical indicators and/or model misspecification. Results indicated that the DA approach for latent variable models can provide accurate ordering of the variables and correct hypothesis selection when indicators are categorical and models are misspecified. A discussion of implications from this study is provided.
Reduced Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex During Fast Head Rotation in Complete Darkness
Authors: Sjögren Julia , Fransson Per-Anders , Patel Mitesh , Blom Christoffer Lundén , Johansson Rolf , Magnusson Måns , Tjernström Fredrik
Published: April 2023

The human vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) leads to maintenance of the acuity of an image on the retina and contributes to the perception of orientation during high acceleration head movements. Our objective was to determine whether vision affects the horizontal VOR by assessing and comparing the performance at the boundaries of contribution of: (a) unrestricted visual information and (b) no visual information. Understanding how the VOR performs under both lighted and unlighted conditions is of paramount importance to avoiding falls, perhaps particularly among the elderly. We tested 23 participants ( M age = 35.3 years, standard error of mean ( SEM) = 2.0 years). The participants were tested with the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), EyeSeeCam from Interacoustics™, which assesses whether VOR is of the expected angular velocity compared to head movement angular velocity. The vHIT tests were performed under two conditions: (a) in a well-lit room and (b) in complete darkness. The VOR was analyzed by evaluating the gain (quotient between eye and head angular velocity) at 40, 60 and 80 ms time stamps after the start of head movement. Additionally, we calculated the approximate linear gain between 0-100 ms through regression. The gain decreased significantly faster across time stamps in complete darkness ( p < .001), by 10% in darkness compared with a 2% decrease in light. In complete darkness, the VOR gain gradually declined, reaching a marked reduction at 80 ms by 10% ( p < .001), at which the head velocities were 150°/second or faster. The approximate linear gain value was not significantly different in complete darkness and in light. These findings suggest that information from the visual system can modulate the high velocity VOR. Subsequently, fast head turns might cause postural imbalance and momentary disorientation in poor light in people with reduced sensory discrimination or motor control, like the elderly.
Trends in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome and Opioid Exposure Diagnoses Among Infants With Private Health Insurance, 2016-2021: Introduction of the P04.14 ICD-10-CM Code
Authors: Campbell Angela G. , Zhang Pengyue , Rosenman Marc B. , Scott Emily , Wiehe Sarah E.
Published: April 2023

Objective:

The opioid epidemic has led to a surge in diagnoses of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Many states track the incidence of NOWS by using the P96.1 International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) code for “neonatal withdrawal symptoms from maternal use of drugs of addiction.” In October 2018, an ICD-10-CM code for neonatal opioid exposure (P04.14) was introduced. This code can be used when an infant is exposed to opioids in utero but does not have clinically significant withdrawal symptoms. We analyzed the effect of the P04.14 code on the incidence rate of NOWS (P96.1) and “other” neonatal drug exposure diagnoses (P04.49).

Methods:

We used private health insurance data collected for infants in the United States from the first quarter of 2016 through the third quarter of 2021 to describe incidence rates for each code over time and examine absolute and percentage changes before and after the introduction of code P04.14.

Results:

The exclusive use of code P96.1 declined from an incidence rate per 1000 births of 1.08 in 2016-2018 to 0.70 in 2019-2021, a −35.7% (95% CI, −47.6% to −23.8%) reduction. Use of code P04.49 only declined from an incidence rate of 2.34 in 2016-2018 to 1.64 in 2019-2021, a −30.0% (95% CI, −36.4% to −23.7%) reduction. Use of multiple codes during the course of treatment increased from an average incidence per 1000 births of 0.56 in 2016-2018 to 0.79 in 2019-2021, a 45.5% (95% CI, 24.8%-66.1%) increase.

Conclusion:

The introduction of ICD-10-CM code P04.14 altered the use of other neonatal opioid exposure codes. The use of multiple codes increased, indicating that some ambiguity may exist about which ICD-10-CM code is most appropriate for a given set of symptoms.
Amnesia and the erasure of structural racism in criminal justice professionals’ accounts of the 2011 English disturbances
Authors: Peacock Chloe
Published: April 2023

Though the 2011 ‘riots’ attracted a huge amount of political, media and academic attention, the state’s punitive reaction to the unrest received far less analysis, despite being characterised by exceptionally harsh practices at every stage from arrest to sentencing. Drawing on interviews with criminal justice professionals who were at the heart of this response, and focusing in particular on the Crown Prosecution Service’s unusually punitive approach, this article examines the imaginations, assumptions and claims that allowed professionals to variously justify and problematise this vindictive backlash. The article shows how an imagination of the disturbances as an apolitical and unprecedented outbreak of violence was central to many professionals’ accounts. Yet this imagination, I contend, requires significant erasure and elision. Forgetting England’s long history of unrest, and ignoring or dismissing the police killing of Mark Duggan that immediately precipitated the disturbances, were vitally important in allowing professionals to ignore the vital connections between the unrest and entrenched structural racism that has consistently underpinned post-war urban unrest – and to position the harsh law and order response as reasonable, proportionate, necessary and adequate. In doing so, the article makes a significant contribution to scholarship on the unrest, and on the importance of amnesia and ignorance - conceived as active, collective and inherently political processes - in normalising punitive and discriminatory state practices, both in the wake of the riots and in their longer aftermath.
Lived religion beyond words: A denotative analysis of participant-produced photos of meaningful objects
Authors: Bargain-Darrigues Gaëlle , Morello SJ Gustavo
Published: April 2023

Can visual data provide insights that words do not reveal? Meanings of objects in visual studies are usually captured through elicitation meetings. In this article, we propose to explore them from a purely visual standpoint and assess the methodological and substantive benefits of such denotative approach. We used a database of 660 photographs produced by 225 participants in a study of everyday religious practices in three Latin American cities. Following a ‘lived religion’ approach, respondents were asked to present an object (or photograph of it) that was ‘meaningful’ for them, in relation to their spiritual practices. Analyzing these pictures without resorting to the verbal content that accompanied them proved useful to operationalize such a large corpus of visual data, facilitate the transmission of the study’s results, and build a representative classification of the types of objects most commonly brought by participants. From a substantive perspective, our analysis contributes to enlarge the spectrum of what is considered religious or spiritual in Latin American cultures, and to question certain assumptions established by conventional theories of religion, such as class stereotypes and the overstated influence of religious institutions. We conclude that a denotative analysis of participant-produced visuals ‘beyond words’ represents an untapped opportunity to challenge existing representations and elicit new research directions, which, in turn, require returning to verbal data to be elucidated.
Effects of the Internet Access Environment on Utilization of Tele-Rehabilitation for Adolescents With Visual or Hearing Disabilities
Authors: Guo Jing , Luo Rui , Xu Yishan , Chen Shilu , Yi Lanli , Yan Qiang , Zhou Qingyu
Published: April 2023

Tele-rehabilitation for adolescents with visual or hearing disabilities positively impacts physical rehabilitation and social integration. The relationships among the internet access environment, especially accessible technologies, digital literacy, internet attitude, and tele-rehabilitation utilization by these adolescents have not been fully established. Using data from a survey of internet use involving 3,759 adolescents with visual or hearing disabilities in China, this study investigated the impact of the internet access environment on tele-rehabilitation utilization and analyzed the roles of digital literacy and internet attitude with serial multiple mediation models. The internet access environment and level of tele-rehabilitation utilization of these adolescents need to be improved, and the internet access environment affects tele-rehabilitation utilization positively, primarily through the mediating effects of digital literacy and internet attitude. Recommendations were made on how to improve the internet access environment, especially accessible technologies, digital literacy, internet attitude, and tele-rehabilitation utilization at the macro, meso, and micro levels.
Extreme Reactions to Globalization: Investigating Indirect, Longitudinal, and Experimental Effects of the Globalization–Radicalization Nexus
Authors: Ozer Simon , Obaidi Milan , Anjum Gulnaz
Published: April 2023

Radicalization—as a complex process of adopting extremist attitudes—includes maladaptive responses to the transformative power of globalization. Globalization contains sociocultural disruptive and acculturative processes, initiating exclusionary and integrative reactions. These reactions have dissimilarly been associated with aspects of extremism. In seven preregistered studies ( N = 2,161), we draw on various methods combining naturalistic circumstances, cross-sectional, longitudinal, experimental, and representative data to scrutinize the complex globalization–radicalization nexus within the contexts of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Pakistan. Our results provide empirical support for the hypothesis that insecure life attachment (i.e., experience of contextual safety, inclusiveness, reliability, fairness, and facilitating well-being) and globalization perceived as a threat can lead to extremism through defensive reactions to globalization. Specifically, we found ethnic protection to be a central mechanism connecting sociocultural disruption and threats with extremism. Globalized radicalization ascends as a contemporary phenomenon reflecting the dark side of global interconnectivity.
The manufacture of militarized masculinity in Chinese series You Are My Hero (2021)
Authors: Yu Xian Tan Roxanne
Published: April 2023

The entertainment industry is driven to sell certain commodities transnationally, particularly in a world where borders are becoming increasingly diffused through the access afforded by the Internet. Media content is easily consumed, making cultural exporting fast and easy. Similar tropes and plot have been replicated in the East Asian film and TV industry, perhaps in hopes of replicating the success. This paper looks at the manufacture of ideal masculinities within East Asia, particularly China. From ex-members of K-pop group EXO to the successful TV series, cross-influence of East Asian popular culture is prominent. Through this paper, I look at the influence of K-dramas on the Chinese TV industry and particularly the manufacturing of a militarized masculinity on Chinese TV. Far from portraying brute and fearsome soldiers, ideal masculinity on TV is portrayed as “steely exterior but gentle internally” and thus desirable romantic partners to heterosexual women. By exploring the basic conception of Chinese masculinity, I then discuss representations of militarized masculinity on the silver screen (Wolf Warrior II) and C-dramas, with particular focus on the series, You Are My Hero (2021).
Rhetoric as Critique: Towards a Rhetorical Philosophy
Authors: Posselt Gerald , Hetzel Andreas
Published: April 2023

While philosophy has been defined as a critical endeavour since Plato, the critical potential of rhetoric has been mostly overlooked. In recent years, critique itself – as a means of enlightenment and emancipation – has come under attack. While there have been various attempts to renew and strengthen critical theory and practice, rhetoric has not yet played a part in these attempts. Addressing this lacuna, the article argues that rhetoric can function as a critical force within philosophy. The rhetorical perspective confronts the claim to rational discourse and universal knowledge with the contingency of philosophical languages, means of representation, and social practices. Moreover, it allows us to think of critique as an activity of a subject that is at the same time constituted and transformed by it. This opens up the possibility of a rhetorical philosophizing that meets its critical standards by taking into account both the conditions of its own speaking and what it must exclude as its ‘other’ in order to function.
English foreign language reading and spelling diagnostic assessments informing teaching and learning of young learners
Authors: Kahn-Horwitz Janina , Goldstein Zahava
Published: April 2023

In order to inform English foreign language (EFL) diagnostic assessment of literacy, this study examined the extent to which 175 first-language Hebrew-speaking EFL young learners from fifth to tenth grade exhibited differences in single-letter grapheme recognition, sub-word, and word reading, and rapid automatized naming (RAN) of letters and numbers. In addition, this cross-sectional quasi-experimental quantitative study examined correlations between the aforementioned literacy components and oral reading speed, spelling, vocabulary, syntax, and morphological awareness. There were no differences between the grades for single-letter grapheme recognition, and participants demonstrated incomplete automatic recognition for this task. Sub-word recognition improved across grades. However, the results highlighted a lack of mastery. Sub-word recognition correlated with word reading and spelling throughout. RAN speeded measures and oral reading speed correlated with sub-word, word recognition, and spelling in the older grades illustrating the presence of accuracy and speed components. Correlations across grades between literacy components and vocabulary, syntax, and morphological awareness provided support for theories explaining how knowledge of multiple layers of words contributes to literacy acquisition. These results comprising EFL diagnostic assessment can inform reading and spelling teaching and learning.
Self-Determined Goals of Male Participants Attending an Intervention Program for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Roldán-Pardo Manuel , Santirso Faraj A. , Expósito-Álvarez Cristina , García-Senlle Magaly L. , Gracia Enrique , Lila Marisol
Published: April 2023

Treatment adherence and motivation to change are among the main challenges in intervention programs for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) perpetrators. Motivational strategies have shown promising results in increasing the effectiveness of intervention programs for IPV perpetrators. One of these motivational strategies is goal setting. The aim of this study was to analyze and categorize the self-determined goals ( n = 204) of 227 male participants attending an intervention program for IPV perpetrators. Findings of the thematic analysis suggested three levels of analysis: 4 core categories, 12 categories, and 35 codes. The four core categories were “interpersonal relationships” (39.7%), “personal resources for daily life” (29.3%), “coping strategies” (27.8%), and “motivation to change” (3.2%). Identifying the main categories of self-determined goals of IPV perpetrators could guide professionals to tailor the intervention to participants’ specific needs and implement evidence-based strategies to strengthen goal attainment and improve treatment outcomes.
Afterword: From nevermore to evermore
Authors: Cecilia Dinerstein Ana
Published: April 2023

In this brief Afterword, I bring E. A. Poe’s poem The Raven (1845) as a way to say goodbye to Simon
The role of digital technology in communication and information flow in the Australian Superannuation industry
Authors: Hentzen Janin K , Hoffmann Arvid OI , Dolan Rebecca M
Published: April 2023

Successful retirement planning critically depends on access to accurate and up-to-date information. In this paper, we focus on the Australian Superannuation industry to examine the influence of digital technology in facilitating communication and information flow among its various actors. Using a qualitative research methodology, we conducted 22 semi-structured interviews with various industry actors including Superfunds, fund members, consultants, IT and digital solutions providers, and representatives from industry regulators. Our findings highlight the need for these actors to enhance their resource and knowledge-sharing capabilities, consumer need recognition, and information flow to ultimately enable Superfund members to improve their retirement planning and financial well-being.

JEL Classification: D14 Household Saving • Personal Finance, D15 Intertemporal Household Choice • Life Cycle Models and Saving, J26 Retirement • Retirement Policies and J32 Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits • Retirement Plans • Private Pensions
Practical Methods to Construct Asphalt Binder Master Curves and Calculate Christensen–Anderson Model Parameters
Authors: Fried Andrew , Castorena Cassie
Published: April 2023

Asphalt binder master curves are applied to describe the rheological behavior of asphalt binders. A standard for constructing asphalt binder master curves and fitting a model to the results does not presently exist. In this study, a pairwise interpolation is established for free shifting of isotherms. The pairwise interpolation method yields time–temperature shift factors that are in good agreement with the Gordon and Shaw method and can be more easily implemented without sophisticated software. Subsequently, practical methods to calculate the Christensen–Anderson (CA) model crossover frequency and R parameters are compared. The relationship between reduced frequency and the tangent of the phase angle in logarithmic space is generally linear over the tangent of phase angle values spanning from 0.2 to 0.5 and can be used to determine the crossover frequency. Two approaches that generally yielded acceptable model accuracy were identified for calculating the CA model R value: (1) least squares optimization to minimize the sum of squared errors for storage and loss moduli; and (2) fitting a line to log (log dynamic shear modulus) versus the tangent of the phase angle over the tangent of the phase angle values spanning between 0.5 and 2. Based on the asphalt binders evaluated in this study, the CA model can accurately reflect asphalt binder rheological behavior when the dynamic shear modulus exceeds 105 Pa and the phase angle is less than 70° for unmodified asphalts or less than 60° for polymer-modified asphalts.
Circular economy through waste reverse logistics under extended producer responsibility in Finland
Authors: Mayanti Bening , Helo Petri
Published: April 2023

Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is commonly implemented as a strategy in waste management. The core of the concept itself is a waste reverse logistics (WRL), which dictates how the collection, inspection and processing of end-of-life products are performed. Existing studies of EPR mainly focused on single products instead of using broader perspective on national level. Its contribution towards circular economy through slowing and closing the loops also has not been widely discussed. This study examined the system architecture of the policy instruments used in the EPR and the similarities of the WRL networks across different products. A case study was used to investigate six products: portable batteries and accumulators, paper, packaging, vehicles, electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and tyres. The study generated a WRL framework. It is also observed that closing the loop through recycling is the primary circular strategy and is found in all products, whereas closing and slowing the loop strategy through reuse/repair, remanufacture and repurposing is found in packaging, tyres, vehicles and EEE. This study shows that EPR can close the material loop, although improvement in design for the environment is necessary. It creates challenges and opportunities for the government, producer responsibility organization and producers to improve existing conditions by implementing new initiatives such as design for the environment indicators, standardization, tax and subsidy systems and tariffs for disposal fees.
Targeted Violence as a Risk Factor for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Cisgender Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who have Sex with Men in the United States
Authors: Wiginton John Mark , Murray Sarah M. , Baral Stefan D. , Sanchez Travis H.
Published: April 2023

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the United States (US) are disproportionately exposed to interpersonal violence, which carries a high conditional risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and which is often motivated by sexual prejudice. We determined PTSD prevalence by violence attribution (motivated by sexual prejudice or not) and measured PTSD–attribution associations. Using a 2020 nationwide cross-sectional survey of 2,886 GBMSM who reported ever experiencing interpersonal violence, we performed multivariable modified Poisson regressions with robust variance estimators to examine differences in prevalence of current PTSD by how participants attributed the violence (occurring due to one’s same-sex practices, not occurring due to one’s same-sex practices, or being unsure if it occurred due to one’s same-sex practices). Model results are reported as adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Median age was 27 years; 78.8% of participants identified as gay, and 62.2% were non-Hispanic White. Violence was attributed to same-sex practices by 45.8% of participants; 46.3% did not make this attribution, and 7.0% were unsure (0.9% preferred not to answer). Overall, 23.0% screened positive for PTSD, and PTSD prevalence was greater for those who attributed violence to same-sex practices (25.9% [342/1,321]; aPR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.34, 1.79]) and those who were unsure (33.5% [68/203]; aPR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.44, 2.25]) compared to those who did not make the attribution (18.1% [242/1,335]). Age modified this association, with participants 15 to 19 years old who made the attribution being significantly more likely to have PTSD relative to 20+ participants who also made the attribution. In addition to violence-prevention and stigma-mitigation efforts, interventions targeting attribution styles may be useful for violence-exposed GBMSM, especially teenagers.
Heterogeneity in College Student’s Technology-Facilitated Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Occurring Post-Breakup: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: McMillan Iris F. , Schroeder Grace E. , Langhinrichsen-Rohling Jennifer
Published: April 2023

Technology-facilitated intimate partner violence (T-IPV), including social media surveillance (SMS) and cyber dating abuse (CDA), are increasingly common post-breakup experiences among college students. Although a large body of research has focused on identifying risk factors for both types of T-IPV, perpetrators of T-IPV may differ in their pattern of risk factors. Using the I3 model as a guiding framework, the current study sought to identify typologies of college students engaging in post-breakup SMS and CDA. Specifically, 710 college students’ responses on self-report measures were examined for similarities in known risk factors, namely attachment anxiety, impulse control difficulties, lack of emotion regulation strategies, intolerance of uncertainty, distress tolerance, and problematic alcohol use. Three distinct perpetrator profiles emerged with attachment anxiety, alcohol use, and intolerance of uncertainty presenting as distinguishing features. Problematic alcohol use was evident in the moderate and high levels of SMS and CDA perpetration profiles. Contrary to what was expected, there appeared to be little variability in emotional regulation and impulse control abilities across the three profiles such that individuals belonging to low and high perpetration profiles did not differ in the degree to which they were able to control their impulses or access emotion regulation strategies. Results highlight the potential importance of tailoring interventions, while reducing transdiagnostic risk factors, to account for the heterogeneity in risk factors among T-IPV perpetrators.
Imprisoning Intimacy: The Expanding Sites of Racialized-Gendered Carceral Violence
Authors: Monterrosa Allison E.
Published: April 2023

This study conceptualizes carceral violence to include the intimate sphere, highlighting a form of systemic racialized-gendered violence I term intimate carceral violence, which consists of two distinct violent effects of carcerality on relationships in Black communities: prisonized romance and coercive carceral care. I conducted qualitative interviews with 31 criminal-legal system–impacted Black women aged between 18 and 65 years in Southern California. Findings revealed that their romantic precarity included the challenge of finding partners due to the encroachment of the carceral state on Black communities. This study establishes how women engage in intimate carceral labor to mitigate their experiences of intimate carceral violence. I focus on the hidden work of managing an intimate partner’s emotions and behavior engendered by incarceration.
Fluid-structure interaction of a thin flexible heater inside a lid-driven cavity
Authors: Smriti Rabeya Bosry , Das Arpita , Mahmood Fahim Tanfeez , Hasan Mohammad Nasim
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of fluid-structure interaction and heat transfer enhancement from a hot flexible thin plate during mixed convection. The mixed convection condition of the plate heater is assumed by placing it inside a lid driven cavity with top and bottom cavity walls being fixed and insulated while left and right cavity walls maintained at constant low temperature move in downward and upward direction respectively. The Galerkin Finite Element Approach has been used to numerically solve equations describing unsteady flow, thermal and stress fields in the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eularian (ALE) framework. Key parameters include Reynolds number ( Re) and Richardson number ( Ri), and Cauchy number ( Ca) which are varied in the range of 100 ≤  Re ≤ 500, 0.1 ≤  Ri ≤10, and 10−4 ≤  Ca ≤ 10−7 respectively. To investigate the effect of the heater’s geometry, the plate length ( l) has been varied within 0.1 ≤  l ≤ 0.7. The results have been presented in terms of the distribution of streamline and isotherm, heat transfer rate from the flexible heater as well as its deformation. The outcomes reveal that heat transfer enhances with the increase in Reynolds number and Richardson number while it degrades with the extension of the heater. Moreover, thermal frequency obtained by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) indicates dominant peaks at higher Reynolds number and Richardson number although these become insignificant as the plate becomes rigid.
Study on the altitude adaptability of single-stage and two-stage turbocharging systems for a heavy-duty diesel engine
Authors: Lu Kangbo , Zhang Huiyan , Sun Tao , Tang Xuyang , Shi Lei , Deng Kangyao
Published: April 2023

It is important to understand the altitude adaptability of the turbocharging system for maximizing its potential in the power recovery of the diesel engine at high altitudes. This study investigated the influence of altitudes ranging from 0 to 4500 m on the performance of the single-stage and two-stage turbocharging systems in a heavy-duty diesel engine. The research was conducted using a six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged, direct-injection diesel engine. An altitude simulation test bench was used to simulate altitudes of 0 to 4500 m by adjusting the temperature and pressure. According to the test results, the altitude adaptability of different turbocharging systems was analyzed based on turbine work and turbocharger efficiency. It was concluded that the high-pressure stage regulation in the two-stage turbocharging system (HRT) strengthens the regulation ability in turbine work, effectively regulating the boost pressure and maintaining high turbocharger efficiency at different altitudes. The HRT can satisfy the regulation ability for altitudes ranging from 0 to 4500 m. The low-pressure stage regulation in the two-stage turbocharging system (LRT) weakens the regulation ability in turbine work and relies on reduction of the turbocharger efficiency to regulate the boost pressure. The LRT ineffectively regulates the boost pressure at low altitudes, with altitude adaptability from 1500 to 4500 m. Due to the exhaust temperature limitation, the waste-gate in the single-stage turbocharging system (WG) is not suitable for large-span regulation to satisfy the performance of the diesel engine at altitudes above 3,000 m compared with the HRT and LRT.
The role and relevance of national libraries in society
Authors: Lison Barbara
Published: April 2023

This paper discusses the future role and relevance of national libraries from three different aspects of sustainability, and the role of national libraries in these. The paper is a edited version of a speech by IFLA President Barbara Lison at a resent meeting with the CENL – the Conference of European National Librarians - a network of in total 46 national libraries in 45 European countries.