bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Inocula and N-Removal Performance of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) for the Treatment of Aged Landfill Leachates
Authors: He Yan , Zhou Gong Ming , Huang Min Sheng , Tong Min
Published: June 2012

Three kinds of seeding sludge, i.e. conventional activated sludge, anaerobic granular sludge and the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor treating aged leachates were evaluated in batch mode to screen the optimized inoculum for the rapid start-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The feasibility of the ANAMMOX process for the treatment of aged leachates was also investigated in a modified upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB, 0.05m3). The batch experiments revealed that the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor could respectively achieve the NRR (nitrogen removal rate) of 0.0365 kg N/(m3.d) and the ARR (ammonium removal rate) of 0.013 kg N/(m3.d) on day 12, which were greatly higher than those of the other two tested sludge samples. The mixture of the aforementioned nitrifying activated sludge and anaerobic granular sludge was established as an effective inoculum for the prompt start-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 0.826 kg N/(m3.d) could be obtained for the treatment of “old” leachates under NLR (nitrogen loading rate) of 1.028 kg N/(m3.d). It is concluded that the N-removal performance of ANAMMOX process is still to be improved for actual engineering application to aged landfill leachates.
Study of Air Anion Concentration in Various Water Statuses
Authors: Wang Wei , Shi Feng
Published: June 2012

Atmospheric ions are produced by many natural and anthropogenic sources and their concentrations vary widely between different environments. In this study, we conducted in a southern coastal province of China, where we chose some typical sites to observe. The observations included negative air ion concentration, positive air icon concentration, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity, and negative air icon concentration in materials and plants. The results showed that negative air icon concentration changed more obviously in different water statuses, and showed a certain degree of mutual relations. In order to improve the urban ecological environment, the authors proposed the use of water and wind actively to increase the distribution of negative air anion concentration in urban planning and construction.
Biosafety Assessment of Effluents from Different Drinking Water Treatment Process
Authors: Zhang Xu Jun , Lu Xi Wu , Li Xiang Ming
Published: June 2012

Using recombinant yeast assay, cell proliferation assay and uterotropic assay, the estrogenic effect of Changjiang River raw water, effluent water from conventional process (flocculation + sedimentation + sand filter), effluent water from enhanced conventional process (flocculation + sedimentation + biological enhanced activity filter), and effluent water from biological activated carbon process (flocculation + sedimentation + sand filter + biological activated carbon filter) are analyzed. The results of in vitro test showed that when water sample at dosage of 0.01 to 2.43 L/plate, the curve of estrogen effect in Changjiang River raw water, effluent water from conventional process and enhanced conventional process was similar with that of 17β-estradiol. Their estrogen effect increased with increasing of water sample volume in certain extent, which had the dose-response relationship, and there is no estrogen effect in the effluent water from biological activated carbon process within the test’s dosage range. The results of in vivo test showed that comparing with the control group at dosage of 1 to 125 L/kg, Changjiang River raw water, effluent water from conventional process and enhanced conventional process could increase the weight of rat uterus, which indicated that the organic matters in the water samples still had estrogenic effect after the metabolic transformation in body. This study demonstrates that recombinant yeast assay, cell proliferation assay and uterotropic assay can be used for assessment of safety of effluents water from different drinking water treatment process.
Control on Sediment Resuspension by Activated Red Mud
Authors: Qu Ying Xuan , Sheng Yan Qing , Sun Qi Yao , Ding Chao Feng
Published: June 2012

The present paper mainly studies the adsorption properties of red mud on ammonian and phosphate as well as the control on sediment resuspension. The results show that, after acidfication, the removal rate of phosphate rose from 34.0% to 83.1% with the red mud concentration of 1g/L. Furthermore, red mud can be quickly settled to the bottom, and calcium sulfate(CaS04) generated by acidification react with tricalcium aluminate(3CaO•Al2O3) or activated calcium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide in the red mud and generate cement bacillus(3CaO•Al2O3•3CaS04), which can grow on the surface of red mud particles forming an isolation layer to inhibit sediment suspension.
Synergistic Inhibition Effect of Sodium Oleate and Sodium Vanadate on the Corrosion of Pure Aluminum in NaCl Solution
Authors: Zhou Yu Hong , Chen Shu Qing , Li Chang Hong
Published: June 2012

Synergistic inhibition effect of sodium oleate and sodium vanadate on the corrosion of pure aluminum in NaCl solution has been investigated by open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization curve, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). Experiment results show that the pure aluminum has the lowest corrosion current density under the optimum technological conditions at room temperature, which can be expressed as follows: the 3.5wt.% NaCl solution contains two inhibitors of sodium oleate and sodium vanadium, and their mole concentration ratio is 1:2, solution pH value is 8.0~8.5. In addition, these two inhibitors have played the major role of corrosion inhibition at different stage respectively, which can be attributed to the formation of continuous phase on the surface of pure aluminum.
Effects of Anolyte Concentration on Removal of Fluorine from Contaminated Soil by Electrokinetic Treatment
Authors: Zhou Ming , Zhu Shu Fa , Liu Ya Na
Published: June 2012

A series of electrokinetic experiments were conducted on fluorine-contaminated soil with different anolyte (NaOH) concentrations in a self-made electrolyzer to investigate the effects of anolyte concentration on removal of fluorine. Experimental results showed that anolyte concentration (0.1mol L-1) was more suitable of the six anolyte concentration tested, in contrast to the removal efficiency of fluorine and the cost of the high concentration of anolyte. On this anolyte concentration that 57.75% fluorine could be removed from contaminated soil within 10 days under the applied voltage (1.0 V cm-1). The results also indicated that electromigration was a dominant transport mechanism responsible for the removal of fluorine from contaminated soil than electroosmosis.
Experiment Research on Calcium Hypochlorite for Flue Gas Desulfurization and Denitration
Authors: Liu Hai Long , Liu Yan , Wang Jin Gang , Zhang Shao Feng
Published: June 2012

In this paper the desulfurization and denitration of simulation flue gas using calcium hypochlorite as absorbent was studied experimentally. Absorption experiments of the desulfurization and denitration in calcium hypochlorite solutions were carried out in a Porous Globular Gas Liquid Reactor (PGGLR) which was a new and innovative core design. Three experiments were conducted at NTP conditions. The mechanism of removal for SO2 and NOX was investigated. Under these experiment conditions, the removal efficiency of 100%, 67% for SO2 and NOX were achieved. The results can offer valuable references for industrial application.
Finite Element Analysis of Single Dust-Colleting Plate’s Rapping Acceleration
Authors: Xiao Qi Ming , Liu Ke Shu
Published: June 2012

Electrostatic precipitator is a kind of important dust collecting equipment. The rapping acceleration is the standard of electrostatic precipitator design and manufacturing. The aim of the work reported in this paper was find a new method for solving the rapping acceleration. Based on the numerical analytical method and the dynamic display algorithm, this paper is to build a new method for solving the rapping acceleration of electrostatic precipitator by using finite element method. By comparing the results of finite element method and the model test data and analyzing calculation results, this method is proved to be correct and effective. Using this method in the analyzing of practical equipment, the result basically tallies with the actual result. The finite element method can be used conveniently in different plate profiles, different ways of hanging, striking hammers and different methods of rapping. So the finite element method has an important practical significance in the analyzing of existing plate and the researching of new plate.
Flocculation, Anaerobic and Microaerobic Treatment Process of Normal Temperature Low Concentration Domestic Sewage
Authors: Nie Li Jun , Zhong Hua Wen , Huang Mei , Yin Xu Dong
Published: June 2012

Domestic sewage was treated by adopting flocculation, anaerobic and microaerobic combined process under normal temperature. The result demonstrates: total hydraulic retention time is 5.5h (chemical flocculation 1.0h, UASB reactor 2.0h and MUSB reactor 2.5h). UASB reactor can achieve anaerobic sludge granulation under normal temperature and is fairly feasible for low concentration domestic sewage treatment. Compared with single stage UASB reactor, hydraulic retention time of flocculation-UASB combined technique reduces from 4h to 2h. COD removal rate rises from 45% to 50%-60% and suspended COD is mainly removed. DO of microaerobic MUSB technique after anaerobic treatment is 0.2mg/L-0.5mg/L with air and water ratio of 1:1. Effluent quality is stable, in accordance with first standard of Synthetical Draining Standard of Sewage, GB8978—1996.
Gangue Yards Vegetation Restoration and Groundwater Pollution Control in Arid Zone — A Field Application
Authors: Dong Shao Gang , Liu Bai Wei , Jia Zhi Bin , Wang Zhi Yi
Published: June 2012

Based on the eco-hydrogeological survey, sampling analysis and combined with groundwater flow systems theory, studied a gully gangue yards of Daliuta mine area on groundwater environmental effect. The results showed that pile of coal waste change the original characteristics of groundwater flow systems, the bottom of gangue heap long term immersion in groundwater, the toxic and hazardous substances unleashing, and with the groundwater runoff to the downstream spread. Combined with the eco-hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry method, using the Loess carry out the gangue vegetation restoration and groundwater pollution remediation: by cover about 0.3m thickness loess at the top of the gangue yards, and planting Alfalfa, Artemisia ordosica, in order to restoration vegetation of the upper part of sites; In the downstream of gangue yards construct the loess permeable reactive barrier, using the loess adsorb the pollutants in the gangue leachate and purify the groundwater. Through the treatment approaches, gangue yards ecological and groundwater environment has been greatly improved.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Chalcones Derived from Nitroacetophenone
Authors: Qiu Xiao Yang , Li Su Zhi , Shi An Ran
Published: June 2012

A series of nitrochalcones (compounds 1-10) were synthesized by reacting appropriate nitroacetophenones and suitable benzaldehydes. The synthesized products were evaluated for their cytotoxic, antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum) activities in vitro. Among the compounds tested, (E)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-nitrophenyl)- prop-2-en-1-one (10) showed the favorable in vitro cytotoxic activity against human nasopharyngeal epidermoid tumor cell line KB, and (E)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (8) showed the strongest antimicrobial activity with MIC of 20 μg/mL against P. fluorescence.
Isolation and Identification of Indigenous Filamentous Fungus and the Biodegradation of Crude Oil
Authors: Jia Hong Bai , Wang Qiu Yu
Published: June 2012

14 species of fungi were isolated by the dilution flat method. The laccase activity of numberD2 was the highest (216.45IU) in liquid culture after 15d, it was highest inoculated numberD2, numberD51 and number5 in oil degradation test after 30d of incubation, 48.41IU,5IU and 0.7IU, respectively. The oil degradation rate increased with the time of incubation in COM medium. The rate inoculated numberD52 was the most (64.26%), and was Significantly higher than CK(18.98%). The rate inoculated number3 was the least, and was only 1.40% higher than CK. The Analysis GC-MS results showed that different strains were able to degrade the specific oil components. For the particularity of the strains, it was possible to increase the oil degradation rate with the combination of the strains.
Offset Ratio Assessment for Volatile Organic Compounds in Cap and Trade Zone
Authors: Ning Shu Kuang , Wang Chia Hung
Published: June 2012

Kaohsiung and Pintung are the first regions were set into action of total quantity control zones for air quality in Taiwan. Cap and trade programs have built for the particle matters (PM10), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in 2010. The offset ratio was designed as 1.0 or 1.2 various on the offset sources. The fixed offset ratio setting is suitable for PM10, SOx, and NOx since their characters are unitary. However, VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short- or long-term adverse health effects. Even the same pollutant trading amount cannot guarantee the same health risk or environmental impacts. It would induced the highly uncertainty of air quality for the fixed offset ratio system. This study therefore tried to create a new methodology based on the pollutant impact strength of health and environment for determining the offset ratio of VOCs. An equation for calculating the offset ratio of VOCs was proposed and evaluated by case study. The elasticity of weighting determination was remained to the decision makers for confronting the various environmental improving targets.
Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4,5–TCP in TiO2/UV/H2O2 System
Authors: Zong Yan Ping , Liu Xian Hua , Du Xi Wen , Lu Yi Ren , Shi Xiao Xuan
Published: June 2012

The photocatalytic degradation of 2,4,5–Trichlorophenol(2,4,5–TCP) in TiO2/UV/ H2O2 photocatalytic system was examined using absorption spectroscopy and GC-MS. It was found that 2,4,5–TCP could be degraded almost completely within 100 min under the conditions of initial pH 3, C(H2O2) = 0.08 mol/L and C(TiO2) = 0.5 g/L. The effects of pH and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide on the degradation of 2,4,5–TCP were also studied. Besides, the degradation mechanism was concluded accorrding to convertional analysis method too.
The Synthesis of Novel Chiral Ferrocenyl Aziridino Alcohol Ligands with Two Stereogenic Carbons and Structural Characteristics
Authors: Wang Qian , Hou Xue Hui , Wang Min Can
Published: June 2012

L-threonine (2S,3S) was obtained from easily available L-threonine (2S,3R) after four steps,then seven chiral ligands 9a-9g were prepared by the esterification,condensation,reductive alkylation,cyclization,then reduction with treatment with RMgX.All seven kinds of novel compounds were characterized by 1HNMR,13CNMR,IR and HRMS.Compound 9a was further characterized by X-ray diffraction.The X-ray structure analysis revealed that an intermolecular hydrogen bond is present.
Project of Treating Comprehensive Wastewater of Chemical Industry Park by Anaerobic/Aerobic Bio-Contact Oxidation Process
Authors: Li Ya Feng , Peng Guan Han , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2012

The process parameters and operation effect of the treatment of comprehensive wastewater of chemical industry park by anaerobic/aerobic bio-contact oxidation process was introduced. This provided a reference of application. Taking a project as an example, process flows, parameters and the size of structures were introduced. Combining with treatment effect, the design features were discussed. The practical operation result showed that the effluent treated by the baffled submerged bio-film process could meet the requirement of classⅡ of the “Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant” (GB18918-2002).
Purification Effect of Lolium multiflorum Ecological Floating Beds System in Urban Malodorous River at Low Temperature
Authors: Chai Yu Hong , Yan Wen Yao , Wang Ming Xin
Published: June 2012

An ecological floating beds system was constructed to treat natural urban malodorous river in Changzhou at low temperature. Taking Lolium multiflorum as an example of water plant, the characteristics and contribution of its uptake to total nitrogen (TN), NH4+-N, total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) in the system were studied in a period of 80 days. Significant growth of the plant Lolium multiflorum was observed with total biomass ranging from 53 g to 785 g, and the highest growth rates were 8.82 and 9.23 for biomass of above water and under water part, respectively. Different concentrations of TN, NH4+-N, TP and COD were found between in the floating beds and out the floating beds. The highest removal rates of TN, NH4+-N, TP and CODMn using Lolium multiflorum ecological floating beds system were 16.8%, 33.0%,10.8% and 17.8%, respectively. The purification effect of ecological floating beds shows it can be well applied to cleaning natural rivers at low temperatures.
Reduction and Biosorption of Cr from Aqueous Solution Using Banana Skin
Authors: Zhou Ming , Xu Hang , Zhu Shu Fa , Liu Ya Na
Published: June 2012

The possible use of biowaste-banana skin as an alternative, low-cost biosorbent and reductant for removal of Cr from aqueous solutions was investigated. Effects of pH, contact time, Cr(VI) initial concentration and temperature on the reduction and biosorption of Cr by banana skin were studied. Experimental results showed that 1 g of dried banana skin could reduce about 230 mg of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), at the condition of 30°C, pH 2 and 300 rpm. The maximum Qeq of Cr(III) by banana skin was 6.3mg g-1 at the Cr(VI) initial concentration of 200mg L-1, 30°C , pH 2 and 300 rpm.
REE Characteristics and Indicate Function in Groundwater of Jiaozishan Landfill Site Environs of Nanjing, China
Authors: Yang Gui Fang , Jiang Yue Hua
Published: June 2012

In recent years, researches of functions of REE on Hydrogeology are carried out all over the world. However, little is known about REE characteristics in polluted place that was affected by human beings. In this article, REE characteristics in groundwater which is polluted by Jiaozishan landfill are summarized, furthermore, hydrogeology condition and current pollution situation of research area are combined to analyze the correlativity between ∑REE and other pollution index, which provide a new thinking for groundwater polluted by garbage dump.
4-tert-Octylphenol Biodegradation Performance by Acinetobacter Strain Immobilized in Calcium Alginate
Authors: Liu Yang , Dong Kun Ming , Miao Li , Zhou Xiao Jian , Jin Cui Li , Bao Wei Yang , Jiang Wei
Published: June 2012

The 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP) biodegradation by alginate immobilized cells of Acinetobacter sp. was compared with its respective free cells in different media. The effects of different bead densities, pH values and practical applications of artificial seawater and wastewater on the biodegradation rate of 4-t-OP were investigated. Degradation kinetics of 4-t-OP by free and immobilized cells was well fitted with first order kinetic. The immobilized Acinetobacter sp. cells could enhance the efficiency of 4-t-OP degradation. The degradation rate and 4-t-OP half-life were 97.6% and 0.7 d, respectively. Increasing level of bead amount could also improve the degradation effects, when 400 beads per 100 mL were added, the degradation rate and 4-t-OP half-life were 96.5 % and 0.2 d respectively. The immobilized Acinetobacter sp. cells could degrade 4-t-OP both in artificial seawater and wastewater. The degradation rates were 87.7% and 84.3%, respectively, indicating its potential application of removing and biodegrading 4-t-OP under practical environment.
Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution with Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Liu Ming Da , Li Zheng , Wang Yao Sheng , Wang Yao Jing
Published: June 2012

Adsorption experiment was conducted to investigate the removal of cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solutions by blast furnace slag. Results showed that the pH, initial Cd concentration, contact time and blast furnace slag dosage had significant effects on Cd removal from aqueous solution. The Cd removal rate was more than 98% with 2 h contact time, 0.200g slag dosage, neutral and alkaline solution and 10 mg L-1 initial Cd concentration. Our results have shown that blast furnace slag is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cd from aqueous solution.
Research of 6-Nitry Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Coagulation-Fenton Oxidation
Authors: Ren Ling Yan , Xu Gang
Published: June 2012

The paper adopted Coagulation-Fenton Oxidation Method on treating the wastewater of 6-nitro-1,2 diazonium oxygroup naphthalene-4-sulfoacid production process (i.e. 6-nitry wastewater), introduced the treatment effect of the combined technology used on 6-nitry wastewater, and studied the factors influencing the treatment effect, to determine the reasonable parameters of the technology on treating 6-nitry wastewater. The results showed that Using polyaluminium chloride (mass fraction 2%) as flocculant for treating 6-nitry wastewater, the COD removal rate reached up to 48.7%; Making Fenton reagent oxidation treatment on coagulation yielding water, under the best conditions for solution acidity controlled at pH3 or so, in the 100 mL wastewater, 30% hydrogen peroxide was 5.0 mL, 0.5 mol/L ferrous sulfate solution was 4.0 mL, reaction time was 60 min, the COD removal rate could reach 98% or more.
Research on GIS-Based Groundwater Pollution Vulnerability Assessment in Chengting New District, China
Authors: Bai Li Ping , Gong Bin , Gan Xiao Li , Luo Yun
Published: June 2012

Groundwater is an important component of water resources. Compared with surface water, groundwater has slower flow rate and lower capacity of diluting and self-purification. It is difficult to treat the groundwater pollution. Therefore, it is important to protect the groundwater from being polluted for planning and management of groundwater resources. It is considered as an effective method for decision makers and administrators to identify the high risk level of groundwater pollution through groundwater pollution vulnerability assessment. In this study, the most widely used DRASTIC model and GIS software were used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability of Chengting new district in Shijiazhuang, china. The groundwater vulnerability grades of the study area were divided by the model. The research results could provide scientific basis for the new district planning and construction.
Research on Numerical Simulation of Contaminant Transportation of Tailings
Authors: Yang Kun , Ma Zhi Chao
Published: June 2012

Contaminant transportation is an important environment factor of tailings. Discharge pollutants that exceed the stipulated standards will cause serious problems of environmental water pollution. Quantitative analysis of the rules of contaminant transportation will be helpful to quantitative evaluating the environment factors of tailings and making out corresponding control schemes. In this paper, a numerical simulation method is adopted to a certain tailing dam to quantitatively analyse the rules of contaminant transportation. Results show that absorption of the tailing pool is the key factor to contaminant.
Research on the Arsenic and Cadmium-Fixing Effects of Ameliorant in Combined Contamination Soils
Authors: Tang Jia Xi , Sun Li Na , Sun Tie Heng , Zhang Hong Ling
Published: June 2012

This article studied the effects of chemical fixation with magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, ferrous sulfate+calcium oxide in situ on Arsenic and Cadmium combined contamination soils. The results indicate: Four agents have well fixation effects, and the fixation effect of ferrous sulfate and calcium oxide mix- restoration is the best. However, it increases the leaching toxicity of Cadmium; Aluminum oxide also has a certain fixation effect on Arsenic, but it strengthens the leaching toxicity of Cadmium in acidity condition; the fixation in situ effects of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide on Arsenic and Cadmium combined contamination soils, which dramatically decreases the leaching toxicity of Arsenic and Cadmium and makes two pollution elements co-stabilized.
Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis for Immobilization of Simulated Radioactive Sandy Soil Waste
Authors: Qin Zhi Gui , Mao Xian He , Chen Min , Yuan Xiao Ning , Zhao Kang , Liu Ning
Published: June 2012

The immobilization of simulated radioactive sandy soil waste by using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) was investigated. The products were characterized by density, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. The leaching rate of tracer element was measured by the method of PCT (product consistency test). The SHS immobilization typically results in products containing amorphous phase and crystalline phase. The volume density of the final product is over 3.0g/cm3. The tracer element Ce in the final product mainly forms crystalline phase of CeAl11O18 and Ce2SiO5 when the amount of CeO2 in the raw material is large than 1%. The leaching rate of Ce for 28 days is about 10-5 g•m-2•d-1，which is much lower than that of the borosilicate glass solid form. the leaching rates of Ca, Si, Al and Fe during 28 days are about 10-3～10-4 g•m-2•d-1
Activity of yFe-10Cu/H-Sep and xCu/H-Sep for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with Propylene
Authors: Ye Qing , Wang Hai Ping , Zhao Hai Xia , Cheng Shui Yuan , Kang Tian Fang
Published: June 2012

Cu supported on acid-treated sepiolite catalysts (xCu/H-Sep, x = 0  20.0 wt%) or Cu-Fe mixed supported on acid-treated sepiolite catalysts (yFe-10Cu/H-Sep, y = 0  20.0 wt%) were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The xCu/H-Sep and yFe-10Cu/H-Sep catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, BET, XRF, XPS, and H2-TPR techniques, and their catalytic activities were evaluated for the SCR of NO with propylene. XPS and XRD results indicate that there was the co-presence of Cu+-Cu2+ and Fe2+-Fe3+ over the surfaces of yFe-10Cu/H-Sep catalysts, and there was a strong interaction between Cu, Fe and sepiolite. High promotional effect of iron additive on the catalytic performance of Cu/H-Sep catalyst were found in C3H6-SCR of NO reaction. The highest activity of 65% NO conversion was obtained over 15Fe-10Cu/H-Sep catalyst at 280 oC under the condition of 1000 ppm NO, 1000 ppm C3H6, and 5% O2. The high catalytic activity of 15Fe-10Cu/H-Sep catalyst for NO reduction was due to its high reducibility to activate C3H6 to selectively reduce NO in the presence of excess O2. The high dispersion of copper oxides and strong metal-support interaction over 15Fe-10Cu/H-Sep catalyst also improve its catalytic performance.
Spatial Distribution of Non-Point Source Pollution in Nansihu Watershed Based on SWAT Model
Authors: Li Shuang , Zhang Zu Lu , Sun Yuan Yuan
Published: June 2012

Non-point source (NPS) pollution load of N and P in Nansihu watershed were simulated based on SWAT model. The Sihe watershed was selected as typical watershed for east of the lake, and the Dongyu watershed was selected as typical watershed for west of lake. The two typical watersheds were simulated respectively, and then the models were used to simulate the other rivers basins in the Nansihu watershed. Data collected in the period from 2001 to 2007 was used for calibration, while data collected from 2008 to 2010 was used for validation. Then the spatial distribution of NPS pollution in Nansihu watershed (2010) was simulated with the validated model. The result indicated that the SWAT model could simulate the no-point source pollution in Nansihu watershed with high-precision. The watershed was polluted seriously with N and P. The TN was mainly composed of dissolved form, and the TP was mainly composed of adsorbed form.
Study on IC Reactor Treating Straw-Washing Wastewater and Changes of Sludge Bed
Authors: Zeng Ke , Liu Shi Hao , Hou Yu Jie , Zhang Ming Lei
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we utilized IC reactor to treat straw-washing wastewater of straw pulping and papermaking. The removal rate of COD in normal operation is 28.14%, which is much lower than the value of wake-up stage and acclimation stage; gas production rate in the whole normal operation phase kept a lower level, and the average is 12.36L/h; so straw-washing water is not suitable for advanced anaerobic treatment. While COD removal rate is 28.14%, SCOD removal rate is only 6.96%; added the effluent VFA concentration which is 692~1211mg/L is greatly exceed normal control level, we can know that when treating straw-washing water the biological system was under acidification phase of the anaerobic process. Thus the straw-washing water is suitable for hydrolysis-acidification Process. Granular size of seed sludge was 3~5mm, 100 days later it became 1.5~3mm, and 120 days later it was 1~2.5mm mainly, With the acidification occurring, the mass proportion of the granular sludge to total sludge was reduced, the proportions of 2# and 3# sampling ports are decreasing from 70~85% to 30~50%. Because of lack of adequate nutrition and appropriate loading conditions, straw-washing water can’t support the cultivation and maintenance of granular sludge.
Study on Magnetic Chitosan Microparticles for Rapid Removal of Heavy Metals
Authors: Lei Xiao Xia , Tang Lin , Zeng Guang Ming , Wu Meng Shi , Zhou Yao Yu , Pang Ya , Liu Yuan Yuan , Li Zhen , Yang Gui De
Published: June 2012

The magnetic chitosan microparticles were prepared by microemulsion method and raid removal of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ). Batch tests were carried out to investigate the adsorption performance. It was found that adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was dependent on pH, and increasing the pH is favorable for heavy metal ions removal. The sorption isotherms of the adsorbent for these metals fitted better with Freundlich model than the Langmuir model, with maximum adsorption capacities of 69.83 mg/g and 18.03 mg/g for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 15 min. The temperature effects revealed that the adsorption capacity increased significantly with increasing temperature, and the adsorption process was endothermic in nature at 25°C to 75°C.
The Effects of Soft Leaching with Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids on Soil P Release Characteristics
Authors: Feng Chen , Yan Li , Song Dan , Guan Lian Zhu
Published: June 2012

A soil column leaching experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of citric, oxalic and acetic acid on release characteristics of phosphorus. The results showed that for 5 mmol/L organic acid concentration, the ability of three organic acid to activate phosphorus in the soil was at the order of: citric>acetic>oxalic acid. Different treatments result in various phosphorus release characteristics. For citric acid treatment, phosphorus concentrations of effluents increased with effluent volume at the begining, there was a comparatively steady state at high level during 1000-3050 ml leachate volume after reached the highest value, then P concentration declined and became lower than the detection limit finally. For the oxalic acid, a regular decrease of P concentration was observed during the column leaching, and it droped to extremely low concentration rapidly. During the column leaching with acetic acid, the amount of P in the effluents initially increased, and then declined gradually. Though Pmaxand Pmax/T are not significantly higher than the values of oxalic acid treatment and CK, acetic acid treatment showed a relatively strong sustainability during column study. The variations of pH during column leaching with citric, oxalic and acetic acid followed the trend: citric>acetic>oxalic acid, which is the same as the order of the mobilizing ability of organic acids for phosphorus.
The Synthesis and Characterization of the Graphene Oxide-Polyamine Composites Using for the Recovery of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Wang Guo Zhen , Chen Tao , Gao Jie , Yin Jing , Ma Rui , Yan Chun Jie
Published: June 2012

Graphene oxide–polyamine composites have been synthesized which have metal ion capacities as high as 97.94% for cadmium ions removed from aqueous solutions. The chemical structure of obtained graphene oxide–polyamine composites was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The results revealed that these composites can effectively extract heavy metal ions from waste water. Using these composites the concentration of heavy metal ions is reduced to below allowable discharge limits and the recovery of heavy metal ions from waste water was realized.
Total and Efficient Removal of Tribromoacetic Acid by Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: Li Xu Chun , Ma Jun , Yue Si Yang
Published: June 2012

Tribromoacetic acid (TBAA), one of the typically recalcitrant and toxic chlorine disinfection byproducts (DBPs), is widespread in the drinking water and threating human health. The environment-friendly technology, UV irradiation, could efficiently destruct TBAA. The present study investigated the removal efficiency, photodegradation kinetics, and photodegradation mechanism of TBAA under UV irradiation. It revealed that the photodegradaton process of TBAA agreed well with the pseudo-first order kinetics, with the rate constant of 1.084 min-1 and half-time of 0.64 minutes. Further study on intermediate products formation and mass balance indicated that complete debromination and detoxification were obtained with almost all the bromine atoms released as bromide ions, and suggest that the cleavage of three C-Br bonds concurrently occurred during the photolysis of one TBAA molecule. It will provide some guidance for efficient treatment of brominated contaminants in water.
Treatment of Heavy Oil Wastewater with Two Stages DAF Combined with ASP and I-BF Process - A Field Pilot Test
Authors: Tong Kun , Zhang Yi He , Xie Jia Cai , Song Qi Hui
Published: June 2012

A field pilot test was constructed on a two stage Dissolved Air Floatation (DAF) combined with Activated Sludge Process (ASP) and Immobilized microorganism biological filter (I-BF) has been constructed in Liaohe oilfield, China to treat heavy oil wastewater with large amounts of dissolved recalcitrant organic compounds and low nutrient of nitrogen and phosphorus. By operating the system for 185 days, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates were 67.9 % and 88.4 % in DAF and I-BF effluents, respectively. Environment Scanning electron microscope (ESEM) showed that large quantity of filamentous microorganisms was immobilized on carriers without causing foaming or bulking. This integrated system appeared to be a useful option for the treatment of heavy oil wastewater in Liaohe oil field.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of PM10 Removal by Charged Fine Mist
Authors: Zhi Liang Ze , Wang Jun Feng , Gu Feng , Zhang Zong Hai
Published: June 2012

In order to study the effect of the dust（PM10） removal in the outdoor environment by the charged fine mist, the adsorption characteristics of the charged fine mist on the aerosol particles was considered. This paper reports an experimental investigation of the phenomena which occur when charged fine mist was jetted into the aerosol laden space. The results presents evidence to show that the charged fine mist is an efficient and convenient method of gathering the particulate matter, especially for sub-micron size solid particles. The more narrow the particle size distribution is, the better the effect of the removal of fine solid particles becomes. This study showed that the charged fine mist can greatly reduced particulate matter in the outdoor environment, which could improve the quality of environment significantly.
Influence of pH on Cadmium Removal by Mineral Adsorbent
Authors: Tang Chun Fang , Li Ke Lin , Li Cheng Feng
Published: June 2012

The effect of pH on Cd adsorption was studied using red soil as an adsorbent in this study.The curve of Cd adsorbed vs pH showed that the adsorption amount increased slowly at low pH, then quickly with the increase of pH, and reached the maximum amount at high pH. The adsorption data at different pH values and initial Cd(II) concentrations were fitted well by Langmuir isotherm. At last, a pH-dependent model of adsorption isotherms of Cd was established by substituting the fitting results obtained from experimental data for the parameters in Langmuir equation.
Pollutant Effect on the Pedestrians and Bicyclists for the Different Setting of Bus Lanes in Urban Street Canyons
Authors: Lei Li , Wang Jian Zhang , Zhang Heng
Published: June 2012

In order to study the pollutant effect on the pedestrians and bicyclists for the different setting of bus lanes, the numerical simulation of pollutant dispersion for isolated street canyon was conducted based on a two dimensional k-ε turbulence model and species transport equation. The simulation results fit well with the corresponding wind tunnel tests. The analysis result shows that the pollutant concentration at the leeward side is evidently higher than that of the windward side in the isolated street canyon. The pollutant concentration for the bicycle lane is obviously higher than that of the sidewalk near the ground at the leeward side. As the height increases, the pollutant concentration for the sidewalk is higher than that of the bicycle lane instead. The pollutant concentrations for the sidewalk and the bicycle lane are nearly the same, and almost no change with the height increases at the windward side. When the density of bus lane is low, the emission intensity of the bus lanes is lower than that of the vehicle lanes, and setting of outside bus lanes will have less pollution to the pedestrians and bicyclists. And when the density of bus lane is high, the emission intensity of the bus lanes is higher than that of the vehicle lanes, and setting of inside bus lanes will have less pollution to the pedestrians and bicyclists.
Review of Livestock Wastewater and Domestic Sewage Recycling in Rural Areas
Authors: Liao Zhang , Qi Ligewa , Yuan Qi Jin , Tang Li Ming , Zhu Zong Qiang
Published: June 2012

Direct discharge of livestock wastewater and domestic sewage in rural areas, not only cause serious pollution to the environment, but also waste resources, this article introduces the main technology of sewage, wastewater treatment, main treatment processes and reuse method, pointing out the resource recycling of wastewater is an important way to ease the aquatic environment serious deterioration.
Rumex acetosa L. Application on the Bioremediation of Soil Polluted by Combined Heavy Metals of Cd, Cu and Pb
Authors: Zhao Yi Yang , Shen Tu Jia Li , Chen Kun Bai
Published: June 2012

Enrichment capacity and transfer capability of R. acetosa were studied in situ at the different growth stages, and the soil was polluted by the two levels (T1: Cd 0.70 mg/kg+Cu 114.37 mg/kg+Pb 138.94 mg/kg; T2: Cd 1.34 mg/kg+Cu 164.90 mg/kg+Pb 176.19 mg/kg) of combined heavy metals. The results showed that the content of Cd, Cu and Pb in roots increased first, then decreased and increased again as R. acetosa growing in each test area. And the content of Cd, Cu and Pb in shoots showed the same trend as roots. The enrichment capacity of R. acetosa to Cu and Pb was improved as the level of heavy metal pollution increased at the different growth stages, while the Cd was in inverse proportion to the concentration. But its enrichment capacity and transfer capability of Cd to be significantly higher than Cu and Pb. R. acetosa application on the bioremediation of soil polluted by combined heavy metals of Cd, Cu and Pb showed great potential.
The Catalytic Degradation of Oilfield Wastewater with Ce Modified TiO2/SnO2 Electrode
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wu Sheng Wen , Zhu You Yi , Wang Shu Ying
Published: June 2012

Subscript textIn this text, Ti/TiO2-SnO2 composite electrodes were prepared by Sol-Gel method. Rare earth-doped method can improve the catalytic performance of the composite electrodes. Based on the degradation of oil-field wastewater, e of the electrode surface and the element composition of surface layers were analyzed by SEM, EDX and XRD. When the current density was 30mA/cm2, electrode submersed area was 2cm2, pH was 3~5, temperature was 30°C and the electrolysis time was 60min, the best treatment process was obtained. The average removal rate of oil content and CODcr were 92.8% and 89.2%, respectively. Under the best treatment process the contaminant was degradated to other intermediate substances during degradation, finally mineralized to CO2 and H2O.
Degradation of Low Concentration Benzyl Butyl Phthalate (μg•L-1 range) in the Tail Water of Municipal Sewage Plant by UV/H2O2
Authors: Zeng Yan Yan , Wu Qi , Fan Hong Bo , Lv Si Hao
Published: June 2012

The degradation of Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) at low concentration (μg•L-1 range) by the direct UV irradiation, H2O2 oxidation and UV/H2O2 advance oxidation process was investigated in this study. The experiment results showed that the decomposition efficiency of UV or H2O2 was worse than that of UV/H2O2. Under the condition of 24.26μw•cm-2 UV irradiation and 2.49 mM H2O2, the degradation efficiency of BBP at low concentration was over 90% after 30 min. In addition, the solution pH was found to have no significant effect on the photo-degradation of BBP. The degradation of low concentration BBP in the tail water of municipal sewage plant was 84.23% with UV/H2O2 at the UV irradiation (24.26μw•cm-2) and H2O2 (2.49 mM) without adjusting pH.
Measuring Calcium and Magnesium Contents on the Sludge Composting with Different Treatments
Authors: Yang Jian She , Ding Ying
Published: June 2012

Abstract: Calcium and magnesium contents of sludge composting are measured by using the method of ammonium acetate-EDTA complex metric titration here, through Fermentation accelerant and increased nutrient agent treatments. The results showed as following: 1, exchangeable Ca and Mg contents of sludge single treatment increased more 6.83% and5.12% at the end of composting, than at the beginning of composting. 2, Fermentation accelerant added in sludge from 8% to 40%,，the exchangeable calcium and magnesium are more 4.38% ~ 10.58% and 6.77% ~ 13.78% at the end of composting than at the beginning of composting. The exchangeable Ca increased 19.51% ~ 104.83%, but 6.05% of a decreased trend for exchangeable magnesium, Compared with the sludge single compost. 3, as increasing the amount of nutrient agent from 30% to 50%, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium are more 3.88%~7.75%and 5.24%~9.18% at the end of composting than at the beginning of composting. The exchangeable Ca increased in 11.35%~41.13%,but 49%~-3.96% of a decreased trend for exchangeable magnesium, Compared with the sludge single compost. 4, under the condition added 24% of the Fermentation accelerant agent to the sludge, as the Increased nutrient agents from 8% to 32%, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium measured are increased 2.63%~5.54%and3.6%~4.19% at the end of composting , compared with The beginning of composting. The exchangeable Ca increased in 52.34%~112.04%,but -10.15%~-15.59% for exchangeable magnesium, Compared with the sludge single compost.
Microwave Irradiation Pretreatment Effects on the Dewatering of Activated Sludge
Authors: Fang Lin , Zhao Xu Xin , Yuan Na Na , Sun Hong Yuan , Ma Rui , Cheney Marcos A.
Published: June 2012

In this study, we investigate the characteristics of activated sludge pretreated with microwave irradiation and the factors influencing the microwave effects. The pretreatment process was carried out using a lab-scale industrial microwave unit (2450 MHz frequency). Parameters such as the dewatering, settling, sludge volume index (SVI30), water percent content, filterability, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), microbe structure and others, were used to quantify the microwave effects. The SVI30 and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of sludge treated by 1000W microwave for 40s were reduced by 43.2 and 74.6%, respectively, compared to untreated sludge. The microwave field destroyed the structure of activated sludge, reducing the EPS levels and breaching the microorganism cell walls. Surprisingly, the optimum microwave irradiation time for removing EPS from activated sludge surface is also the optimum time required to improve its dewatering ability. The microwave output power was one of the most important factors for improving the dewatering of activated sludge when all other parameters of activated sludge and microwave frequency were held constant. The absorbed power and absorb ratio both increase with the output power of microwave, and absorb ratio of 1000w microwave reaches 21.93% in this study.
Preparation and Characterization of Bagasse Ion Adsorbent
Authors: Jiang Yu
Published: June 2012

A low-cost adsorbent was prepared simply by phosphorylating bagasse. The materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). Batch adsorption studies were carried out for Cu (II) ions adsorption at different initial concentrations. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and the intra-particle diffusion models were used to analyze the kinetic data. The results revealed that the pseudo-second-order model generated the best agreement with the experiment data with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 for the adsorption systems. The mechanism of the Cu (II) ions adsorption by the phosphorylated bagasse was also discussed. The FT-IR results showed that the bagasse adsorbent has many different functional groups and these functional groups are able to react with Cu (II) ions in aqueous solution.
Progress in Pesticide Neurotoxicity
Authors: Liu Lin
Published: June 2012

Pesticides play an important role in development of agricultural in China. Pesticides play a significant role in the effective control of diseases, insects, rodents and weeds, the normal supply of agricultural products to protect human direction, but to bring many negative effects on the safety of human health and the environment. Nervous system is susceptible to pesticides. Many pesticides have neurotoxin effects, could damage including cortex, hippocampus, striatum, including a large number of central nervous system. The paper made a brief overview on the toxicity of pesticides on nervous system research.
Study on the Treatment of Dye Wasterwater Using Fenton Reagent
Authors: Tian Hui , Liu Ya Na
Published: June 2012

The methyl violet dye as the main research subjects. The concentration of H2O2, ferrous ion concentration, pH value and the type of dyes and so on be research the influence on the rate. The result shown: the greater dose of H2O2, the greater removal of methyl violet dye. when the dose of H2O2 reach to a certain amount, keep increase the dose , but the increase was not obvious. In a certain concentration range, when the higher concentration of ferrous ions, the higher degradation rate of methyl viologen.When more than the certain concentration, the degradation rate began to decline. The removal efficiency is better when the ratio of ferrous ions and H2O2 is 1:10..A large removal rate is controlled in the temperature of 20 to 60 as well as the pH is from 3 to 5. After changing the type of dye,beside the Alizarin Red,the removal of Methylene blue, Rhodamine, methyl violet are all high.