bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smoking and alcohol use plays a mediating role on the social determinants of high blood pressure: Evidence from nationally representative sample in India
Authors: Barathi Arivarasan , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Rushender Rajan
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:

A better understanding of the complex interplay between socioeconomic determinants and risk factors of high blood pressure (BP) has critical implications. Behavioral characteristics are strong candidates to act as mediators of the observed effects of socioeconomic determinants on BP; therefore, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of smoking and alcohol on the association between education, wealth index, sex, and hypertension using NFHS-5 data.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a secondary analysis of the data collected from a nationally representative survey (NFHS-5 data) in India. We included 1,923,504 people aged 18 years and above who had all the necessary information for the analysis. We performed a mediation analysis using linear and logistic regression models to estimate the natural direct effect, total effects, and natural indirect effect of sex, education, and wealth index, and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), while maintaining behavioral habits (smoking and alcohol use) as mediator variables.

Results:

An equal distribution of males (51.4%) and females (48.6%) was seen, about 13.2% consumed alcohol, and 27.6% had used or smoked tobacco. Females had significantly lower SBP (β = −4.59, −4.67) and DBP (β = −2.07, −2.60) compared to males. Lower educational levels significantly influenced systolic (β = −2.89, −2.89) and diastolic (β = −1.15, −1.14) BP; people in the richer and richest quintile had significantly higher systolic (β = 0.60, 0.59) and diastolic (β = 0.43, 0.43) BP. Mediation analysis showed partial mediation by alcohol and tobacco, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

These results will help in developing targeted interventions to address the unique risk factors and challenges faced by different population subgroups.
The Arabic adaptation and validation of the Partners in Health scale among patients with chronic diseases
Authors: Almutary Hayfa
Published: December 2024

Background:

The Partners in Health (PIH) scale is a widely used tool for assessing self-management of chronic diseases but lacks an Arabic version. This study aimed to convert the PIH scale to a culturally appropriate Arabic (PIH-Arv) version and then assess its validity and reliability.

Methods:

The study was conducted in two phases: Arabic-language cross-cultural adaptation and translation of the scale, followed by an expert review. This new version, “PIH-Arv”, was then subjected to a two-stage validation process. Translation and adaption followed published recommendations (Beaton et al., 2000). Cognitive interviews were then conducted, initially with 8 expert participants to assess content validity, then with a further 225 chronically ill patients. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach’s alpha. The test–retest reliability of the PIH-Arv scale was assessed by comparison of questionnaire responses, from the same individuals, 1 week apart, using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A Bland–Altman plot was generated. Convergent validity was assessed with Spearman’s correlation coefficient to evaluate the correlation between the PIH-Arv and the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-item (SEMCD-6) scales.

Results:

Cronbach’s α was 0.916. Test–retest showed excellent stability. Pearson correlations show r = 0.98 (P < 0.001) and ICC was 0.997, P < 0.001 (confidence interval at 95%: 0.996, 0.998). The results showed that the PIH-Arv scale and the SEMCD-6 scale were moderately positively related (r = 0.416, P < 0.001), which is a good sign of convergent validity.

Conclusion:

The Arabic version (PIH-Arv) of PIH is both valid and reliable. Clinicians in Arabic-speaking nations will find the translated instrument culturally appropriate and useful in measuring self-management for chronically ill patients.
Prevalence, influencing factors, and perspectives on bulimia, anorexia, and binge eating among university students in northern Morocco: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sammoud Karima , Bousgheiri Fadila , Lemrabett Saloua , Agdai Imane , Radouan Ouissal , Senhaji Meftaha , El Ammouri Adil , Najdi Adil
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Eating disorders (EDs) represent a significant mental health challenge globally, particularly among young adults, including university students. This study investigates the prevalence of ED and associated factors among Moroccan university students to inform targeted interventions and support mechanisms within the university environment.

Methods:

Using a cross-sectional design, including students from eight institutions affiliated with Abdelmalek Essaadi University in Tangier, Morocco, were randomly selected through stratified sampling. A questionnaire comprising sections on demographics, childhood history, and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was employed. The MINI included subscales for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge ED.

Results:

Study included 1168 predominantly female students (59.1%) with a mean age of 20 years. The estimated prevalence of probable ED cases was 2.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–3), with bulimia showing the highest prevalence at 1.9% (95% CI: 1.2–2.8), followed by anorexia and binge eating at 0.3% each. Factors significantly associated with ED included medical history, treatment for anxiety/depression/addiction, sleep medication use, judicial history, psychological violence, sexual violence, and negative events during childhood/adolescence. Coexistence with mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders was also noted. Multivariate analysis showed strong association between undergoing treatment for anxiety, depression, and/or addiction (P < 0.003), judicial history (P < 0.001), and sexual violence (<0.001).

Conclusion:

Our findings highlight a concerning rise in ED prevalence among Moroccan university students, influenced by complex interactions with psychiatric vulnerabilities, prior judicial involvement, and experiences of childhood sexual abuse. This underscores the need for personalized treatment strategies, with a focus on students and institutions that play a key role in promoting health initiatives during this pivotal period of life.
دور تكنولوجيا المعلومات والشبكات الاجتماعية في تعزيز تبادل المعرفة لدى طلبة وموظفي جامعة الملك عبد العزيز
Authors: المحمادي صفا
Published: December 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة التحقق من دور تكنولوجيا المعلومات والشبكات الاجتماعية في تعزيز تبادل المعرفة لدى طلبة وموظفي جامعة الملك عبد العزيز. ولتحقيق ذلك تم إعداد استبانة مُكونة من (60) فقرة موزعة على قسمين، غطى كل قسم 3 محاور هي؛ (أسباب الاستخدام، دورها في تعزيز تبادل المعرفة، المعوقات)، وزعت على 200 طالباً وطالبة من جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، و200 منسوب من منسوبيها، تم اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية. أشارت النتائج إلى درجة موافقة عالية من أفراد الدراسة على دور تكنولوجيا المعلومات على تعزيز تبادل المعرفة لدى طلبة ومنسوبي الجامعة. في حين كان دور الشبكات الاجتماعية على تعزيز تبادل المعرفة بدرجة متوسطة. وأشارت النتائج إلى وجود فروقاً ذات دلالة إحصائية في تحقيق تبادل المعرفة عبر تعزيزه من خلال استخدام تكنولوجيا المعلومات والشبكات الاجتماعية لدى طلبة ومنسوبي الجامعة تبعاً لطبيعة الانتساب للجامعة (طالب - موظف) ولصالح موظفي الجامعة. كما أشارت إلى وجود فروقاً ذات دلالة إحصائية تبعاً لمتغير الجنس، ولصالح الذكور. أوصت الدراسة بضـــرورة الاهتمام بالبنية التحتية التكنولوجية وإنشاء مواقع تواصـــل أكاديمية مدعومة بأحدث أدوات وأنظمة تكنولوجيا التعليم بهدف نشـــر ومشـــاركة المعرفة العلمية وجعلها متاحة للجميع. وحث الأكاديميين والطلبة على اسـتثمار الشبكات الاجتماعية لتعزيز التبادل المعرفي محلياً وعالمياً، مع وضع لائحة تنظيمية لتنظيم آلية استخدام هذه الشبكات.
المضامين اللا أخلاقية في أفلام نتفلكس: تحليل محتوى لعينة من أفلام نتفلكس الأكثر مشاهدة
Authors: العتيبي عاطف , هريدي عادل , قطب د. أفنان
Published: December 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية لتحليل المضامين اللاأخلاقية المتضمنة في عينة من الأفلام الأكثر مشاهدة على نتفلكس، كذلك ركزت الدراسة على رصد الأساليب والسياقات التي تستخدمها شبكة نتفلكس لعرض المضامين اللاأخلاقية. تناولت عينة الدراسة خمسة أعمال أصلية من إنتاج نتفلكس وهي: فيلم المُسعف The Paramedic، فيلم الحُراس الخالدون The Old Guard، فيلم الوحش The Beast، فيلم المدينة المارقة Rogue City، فيلم على قيد الحياة Alive. استخدمت هذه الدراسة النوعية تحليل المضمون للاستدلال على المحتوى اللاأخلاقي المرئي في الأفلام المعروضة. وخلصت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أبرزها، أن أكثر المحتوى اللا أخلاقي تكرارًا، هو المحتوى اللاأخلاقي الجنسي بالإضافة للمحتوى اللاأخلاقي حول الصحة المتمثل في تناول السجائر، والتبغ، والكحوليات، والمخدرات. وتوصي الدراسة بتصميم البرامج التوعوية، وتزويد المختصين بمثل هذه النتائج لفهم الآثار ومعرفة سبل علاجها. بالإضافة لإجراء دراسات بينية في هذا المجال لمعرفة آثار إنتاج نتفلكس على اليافعين. بالإضافة إلى تحجيم الدعاية والترويج لخدمة نتفلكس، ودعم الأعمال الفنية الوطنية، وتمكين منصات البث الرقمي الوطنية والعربية.
Optimal Search Strategy for Research on Misinformation and Fake News: A Comparison between Search Systems and Keyword Choices
Authors: Ha Louisa , Lois Tolofari Amonia , Rahut Debipreeta , Sharma Shudipta , Njeri David , Lux Vera
Published: December 2024

This paper explored the issue of identifying the right keyword and search engine or database to help communication scholars gain optimal experience and obtain the best outcomes in literature searches on the topic of misinformation and fake news. Five major types of electronic search systems were evaluated for their precision (relevancy), recall (sensitivity), and duplication rates. They included discovery layers such as Summon, web crawlers such as Google Scholar, library databases such as EBSCO Academic Search Complete, Journal publisher website search, and specialized journals using 14 keywords to search for the same topic. Based on the findings, Summon and HKS Misinformation Review had the highest relevancy ratings. It was notable that Google Scholar only ranked 6th of the 14 keywords analyzed. The two main keywords ̶ misinformation’ and ‘fake news’ had a lower relevancy rating compared to the other keywords like ‘infodemic’ and ‘news propagation’ which had the highest relevancy scores. The lack of overlap in listing using different keywords and different search systems demonstrated that there was no single all inclusive, top search engine and that using a variety of terms and different search systems was necessary to conduct a thorough literature review on the subject. The study’s findings and their implications for conducting literature searches by researchers in the Global North and the Global South were also discussed.
Assessment of occupational radiation exposure and evaluation of the radiation protection awareness among medical staff in radiological facilities in the Southern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: ALASMARI YASSER , Djouider Fathi , Alnwaimi Majdi
Published: December 2024

Unquestionably, one of the most effective medical diagnostic methods is ionizing radiation in radiography, despite its possible hazards. This study aims to evaluate occupational radiation exposure and radiation safety assessment for medical staff working in HCFs in the Southern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Three hospitals were randomly selected from January to December 2021 to conduct the study. The radiation survey was carried out to measure radiation levels at different points inside the radiology departments of the targeted hospitals. A questionnaire was carried out to assess radiation protection safety, and the TLD of the workers was collected and analyzed to gauge their occupational exposure dose. The annual average effective dose of the selected hospitals (Hospitals 1, 2, and 3) varied in the range of 0.98, 0.96, and 1.32 mSv, respectively. Even though the results are well below the allowed annual limit of 20 mSv in a single year, it is considered high if we know that the selected hospitals do not have nuclear medicine or radiotherapy departments. The radiation survey showed a dangerous rise in the level of radiation in the CT scan room of one of the hospitals. Regarding the radiation safety questionnaire, there is a lack of understanding of radiation protection measures. 45 % of the workers stated that some radiation protection tools (lead gowns, lead gloves, lead glasses, and lead thyroid cover) were unavailable. 13% of workers have never attended a radiation protection lecture, and 34% have received it for over two years.
The Evolution of the Institution of Waqf in its Historical Context in the Middle East: An Alternative View
Authors: Komilov Sobir
Published: December 2024

This paper studies the concept of waqf in its historical evolution in order to understand its role as a substitute for government in providing social services to the most vulnerable parts of the population in Islamic history since the 7th century. In the literature, there are mainly two schools that explain why awqaf flourished during the medieval period with some ups and downs until the end of Ottoman rule with the fall and near disappearance of awqaf in the Middle East after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. The first school, among which orientalists constitute the majority, consider awqaf as the main culprit for the failure of the industrialization and modernization of Muslim economies to achieve the aspired economic growth. According to them, awqaf were mainly used as an instrument to shelter wealth, circumvent inheritance laws, avoid taxes, and state confiscations. On the other hand, researchers of the other school blame colonial and post-colonial influence for destruction and/or disappearance awqaf by centralizing existing awqaf under state control or confiscating awqaf. This study lays the groundwork for an alternative view explaining the harmful role of the state in the success or failure of awqaf. The independence of judicial systems, or lack thereof, has played a major role in defining the performance of awqaf in the Middle East.
Islamic Human Development Index (i-HDI) and Poverty Reduction in OIC Countries
Authors: Shirazi Nasim , Md Isa Maizura , Abdul Kareem Mohamed Ariff , Eskandar Shah Mohamed Eskandar Shah
Published: December 2024

Focus on poverty requires a broader perspective than just concentrating on the issue of insufficient income. Thus, the adoption of human development strategies is pertinent for poverty reduction. It inspires a widening of the informational base on poverty by investigating the deprivation of functioning and capabilities of a human being. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has developed the Human Development Index (HDI) which can be considered the most comprehensive indicator. However, it is not fully compatible and sufficient for measuring human development from the Islamic perspective. In this study, we develop the Islamic human development index (i-HDI) based on the five pillars of the Maqasid Shariah framework; preservation of Ad-Din (faith), preservation of An-Nafs (life), preservation of Al-Aql(intellect), preservation of An-Nasl (posterity), and preservation of Al-Mal ( wealth). Also, we test the effects of (i-HDI) on poverty reduction by employing panel regression and index construction techniques. Our findings show that the elements of Islamic human development are significantly relevant to poverty reduction and could be used as an alternative to HDI. As a result, our research adds further insight to this perennial problem, enabling more effective strategies and initiatives, especially for the Muslim world.
Muhammad Abdul Mannan: Reading into His Contributions on Islamic Economics
Authors: Khan Foyasal
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the major theoretical and practical contributions of Muhammad Abdul Mannan (1938-2021) to Islamic economics. The paper uses primarily the library research method and some interviews. Muhammad Abdul Mannan was a pioneering figure who made enormous contributions to Islamic economics to establish it as a distinct social science and a separate discipline of study. His unique perspective on Islamic approaches to consumption, production, and distribution, as well as the state's role and the social security system in an Islamic economy, enriched theoretical knowledge in Islamic economics. In addition, as a visionary, lifelong educator, and philanthropist, he left his mark by establishing several institutions, including the Social Islami Bank Limited (SIBL), which continue to contribute to the socio-economic development of Bangladesh. He dedicated his talent and hard work to establishing SIBL to test his three-sector model (formal, informal, and voluntary) of reducing poverty and inequality in society. For the first time in Bangladesh, according to the best knowledge of the author of this paper, he introduced Cash-Waqf through SIBL as a new interest-free microcredit strategy for empowering poor families.
The Significance of Moral Agency for Socioeconomic Justice and its Absence in Islamic Economics and Finance
Authors: Javaid Omar
Published: December 2024

The paper attempts to build a case for the moral agency of individuals operating within organic social networks – in contrast to the impersonal nature of financial institutions – as a necessary medium for practicing Islamic economic principles, for the goal of achieving socioeconomic justice in society. Through comparative analysis, the paper argues that the modern institutional framework due to its impersonal nature, capitalist orientation, agency cost, and socially disintegrative nature is not a suitable medium for advancing the agenda of Islamic economics. A market environment where individuals exercise their moral agency to the fullest is perhaps necessary. To make this argument, the paper looks at the history of Muslim bazaars and the norms in Muslim business communities in the contemporary world to explore the significance of the personal agency of morally conscious and pious individuals. The individual traders or investors would operate within their organic social networks while exercising socioeconomic justice among their stakeholders. To achieve the desired socioeconomic goals sought through the implementation of Islamic economic principles, a culture of trust and mutual support needs to be cultivated (or preserved where it already exists) between individual traders and investors in any market. This is possible only when the traders or investors can fully exercise their moral agency, have concern for each other and voluntarily demonstrate trustworthiness. In absence of such a culture, the paper argues, it would be difficult to come close to the satisfactory implementation of the principles of Islamic economics in marketplaces, let alone the achievement of the desired socioeconomic goals.
Mapping Issues in Labor Economics: An Islamic Perspective for Research and Policy Development
Authors: Mohd Arshad Mohd Nahar
Published: December 2024

This study has been set out to map the literature on labor economics from an Islamic perspective to identify the concentration of research, gaps in the literature, major obstacles to the development of the field, and how Islamic principles can guide policymaking in this area. The literature survey revealed three key themes in the mapping of issues in labor economics from an Islamic perspective: religious or cultural, behavioral, and systemic aspects. The religious aspect involves the direct interpretation and/or implementation of Islamic principles, rulings and behavioral norms derived from the divine texts in labor economics. The role of culture (‘urf) may have an effect on how religious texts are interpreted, which in turn shapes religious views. The behavioral aspect is concerned with the role of individual behavior, ethics, and morality in shaping labor market outcomes. The systemic aspect is about the shortcomings or loopholes in the economic system that cause problems in the labor market, such as poverty, unemployment, and inequality. In general, the study found that research in labor economics from an Islamic perspective is limited compared to other fields like Islamic banking and finance. Published articles on the topic is relatively scanty, especially in providing deep insights into the theoretical, empirical and policy related perspective. The study identified three main directions of research in labor economics from an Islamic perspective: (i) Islamic work ethics, (ii) Islamic labor markets, and (iii) Islamic labor policies. Most of the literature are mainly concentrated on addressing the Islamic work ethics.
Sharīʿah Compliant Investing: Examining Ijārah Ṣukūk Market Determinants in Pakistan
Authors: Kashif Uzma
Published: December 2024

This study explores the influence of Ijārah Ṣukūk market determinants on Sharīʿah compliant investments in Pakistan during a significant financial crisis that the country witnessed over the past two years (2022 2023). Utilizing a modified questionnaire, the research gathered data from three hundred (300) ṣukūk investors, analyzed using SmartPLS software. The study identifies Sharīʿah Compliance as the most influential factor in the restructured Islamic Market of Pakistan, followed by secondary market impact and credit ratings. The introduction of Sharīʿah compliant securities is expected to attract investors to the benefits of structured markets, including yield, market liquidity, and balance in both long and short term ṣukūk instruments. The application of this research in Pakistan's emerging Islamic Market highlights the role of ṣukūk market determinants in Sharīʿahcompliant investment. The findings are valuable for countries developing Islamic banking systems and policymakers. The study also highlights the role of ṣukūk market determinants in Sharīʿah compliant investment. The findings are valuable for countries developing Islamic banking systems and policymakers endeavoring to expand Islamic financial instruments. The research emphasizes the market's pivotal factor, Sharīʿah Compliance, and its influence over secondary market dynamics and credit ratings. The study, examining the impact during a financial crisis, reveals that the introduction of Sharīʿah compliant securities is likely to draw investors to the advantages of well structured markets, such as yields, liquidity, and balance in ṣukūk instruments. The results offer insights for enhancing market environments and regulatory measures to create an attractive investment landscape.
A Book Review on “Economics and Economic Policy: Islamic Perspective”
Authors: Khairi Wan Omar Fadhli bin Wan Mahmud
Published: December 2024

Since its establishment as a formal discipline during the First Makkah Conference in 1976, Islamic Economics has garnered significant attention from scholars around the world. Over more than four past decades, dedicated Islamic economists have strived to produce a textbook of exceptional value, aiming to provide universities with a comprehensive resource that imparts profound insights into the Islamic perspective on economics. However, this undertaking has not been without its challenges, both internal and external. Amidst the pursuit of this noble goal, a growing sense of dissatisfaction has emerged among earlier generations of Islamic economists. They perceive a concerning trend within Islamic Economics, where undue focus has been placed on the discipline's end product, specifically Islamic banking and finance, resulting in a reliance on conventional economic paradigms. This imitation has deviated from the authentic development of Islamic Economics based on its inherent principles. In response to these concerns, the book under review courageously confronts these challenges head-on, seeking to redirect the discipline along its original trajectory. The authors have ambitiously assembled a rich tapestry of perspectives that encompasses not only rigorous legal (fiqh) analysis but also profound insights from Islamic philosophy and from economic analyses into the fabric of their work. As a result, the reviewer considers the book a vital addition to the contemporary Islamic Economics curriculum in numerous universities.
The Economic Contributions of Awqāf in Türkiye
Authors: Maraşlı Ozan , Kahf Monzer
Published: December 2024

Waqf holds profound significance, extending beyond its economic role, rooted in theconcept of qurbah—seeking closeness to Allah Ta’ālā. It embodies perpetual worship ('ibādah)dedicated to serving the needy and virtuous causes while maintaining a vital nexus with theeconomy as a charitable endeavor for producing added value. This study descriptively exploresthis nexus by analyzing the Turkish awqāf sector and its economic contributions. In Türkiye, theawqāf SECTOR comprises fused (mazbût), annexed (mülhak), new (yeni), community (cemaat),and state awqāf, along with corporate awqāf, waqf universities, and waqf healthcare institutions.Fused and annexed awqāf represent the Ottoman waqf tradition, while state awqāf redistribute thegovernment revenue sources by providing aid to the poor and disadvantaged. Community awqāf,apart from their hospitals, have limited contributions. New awqāf represent contemporary modelswith diverse revenue sources, making the most substantial contribution to the Turkish economy.Turkish awqāf play a significant role in providing public services, notably in higher education,industrial manufacturing (especially for defense sector), research and development, healthcare,and social assistance, primarily through corporate awqāf and waqf universities. As a result, theyfoster economic growth by expanding capital stock and investments while aiming to improveincome distribution and the welfare of the poor.
Hālal Investment Sensitivity to Cash Flow and the Effects of Capital Market Imperfections
Authors: ABOUELSEOUD MOHAMED
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the relationship between hālal investment sensitivity and cash flow,as well as the impact of capital market imperfections on investment sensitivity in ṣukūk -dependentcompanies versus conventional enterprises in six countries: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates,Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Malaysia. The research is based on panel data from 240 non-financiallylisted conventional and Islamic enterprises from 2018 to 2022. The study incorporates both analyticaland econometric approaches. Stationarity, co-integration, and multivariate Granger-Causality testsare carried out using the estimated equations. The study finds that there are considerable distinctionsbetween ṣukūk -dependent firms and traditional enterprises. At the 5% significance level, bothgroups' investment expenditures responded significantly to cash flow. But hālal investment rises by$0.14 for ṣukūk -dependent companies, whereas conventional investment climbs by $0.17 forconventional businesses when current cash flow rises by $1. Market capital imperfections, asassessed by four factors, have a significant effect on hālal investment cash flow sensitivity. Thesensitivity of hālal investments to cash flows diminishes when fund flows, analyst following,institutional ownership, and the corporate governance index increase. Finally, the Grnagel causalitytests confirm the study's alternative hypotheses. There is a bidirectional causal relationship betweenhālal investment and cash flow, while there is a unidirectional relationship from capital marketimperfections to hālal investment-cash flow sensitivity.
Empowering Women in Pakistan's Agriculture: Rethinking Sharecropping, Education, and Rural Dynamics
Authors: Hamza Sahibzada Muhammad , Shirazi Nasim Shah
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of sharecropping agricultural structures on women'sempowerment in Pakistan, utilizing data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standard Survey (PSLM)across three-time cohorts: 2010-2011, 2014-2015, and 2019-2020. Employing a comprehensiveempirical model and the Heckman two-step approach to address potential sample selection bias, weanalyze a sample of 315,835 respondents. Contrary to initial expectations, our findings reveal thatparticipation in sharecropping does not have a statistically significant impact on women's empowerment,as measured by female employment. However, the study identifies several other crucial determinants ofempowerment. Education consistently demonstrates a positive and significant relationship withempowerment, reinforcing its vital role in enhancing women's status. Surprisingly, rural residence showsa strong positive effect on empowerment, challenging assumptions about urban areas offering moreopportunities for women. Ethnicity emerges as a significant factor, with non-minority (Punjabi) womenshowing higher levels of empowerment. An unexpected finding is the positive association between beingfemale and empowerment in the combined model of both genders, suggesting potential gains for womenwho overcome barriers to economic participation. These results have important implications for policy,highlighting the need for continued focus on education, targeted rural development programs, andinterventions that increase women's control over resources in the agricultural sector. The studycontributes to the broader understanding of the complex interplay between agricultural practices, socioeconomicfactors, and women's empowerment in developing nations, while also identifying areas forfuture research, including the need for more nuanced, multidimensional measures of empowerment andlongitudinal studies to establish causal relationships.
مصطلح التسويق في التراث الفقهي الإسلامي وأثره في ضبط مشروعية الممارسات التسويقية
Authors: عمار مايا
Published: December 2024

تتجه الدراسات التي تبحث في التسويق  من منظور إسلامي، والتي عادة ما تعنون بمركبات لفظية تضيف مصطلح التسويق إلى الإسلام أو إلى ضوابط وأحكام الفقه الإسلامي، إلى البحث في جدلية وجود تسويق إسلامي كفرع علمي مستقل عن التسويق التقليدي له أسسه ومبادئه ومفهومه الخاص، أو أن التسويق الإسلامي يقصد به إنزال الأحكام الشرعية على موضوعات ومباحث التسويق التقليدي، أو هو محاولة تقديم وجهة نظر الإسلام فيما يتعلق بعلوم التسويق المعاصر، وأياً كان الرأي الذي يقتنع به أحدنا، فإن هذه الدراسة لم تأتِ للبحث في أي الآراء أجدر بالتأييد، وإنما جاءت لتبين أن الأدبيات السابقة التي استطعت الوقوف عليها، في موضوع التسويق من منظور إسلامي  تفتقر إلى أداة بحثية مهمة وهي استقراء مصطلح التسويق في التراث الفقهي الإسلامي، وما يحمله المصطلح من دلالات لفظية  وسياقية تؤثر في تأطير كثير من المفاهيم، وفي استنباط الضوابط الشرعية للممارسات التسويقية، بل وأرى من وجهة نظري أن غياب هذه الأداة جعلت من كَتَبَ في موضوعات التسويق من منظور إسلامي يطرح البعد الأخلاقي للممارسات التسويقية والتي لا يختلف عليها باحثان من كون العملية التسويقية يجب أن تبنى على الصدق والأمانة و تخلو من الغش والخداع وما إلى ذلك من أحكام معروفة بالضرورة، أو ضبط الباحث التسويق بالضوابط العامة للبيوع والمعاملات المالية، مع أن البيع عملية تبادل، و التسويق عملية وساطة غايتها التوصل إلى صفقة بيع عادلة، وهذا ما يجعل للتسويق ضوابطه التي تتاسب مع الممارسات والأنشطة التي يتطلبها.
خلص البحث إلى بيان أثر الدلالة السياقية لمصطلح التسويق، والنصوص الشرعية في تأطير المفاهيم الرئيسية للتسويق؛ فقد دلت النصوص على مفهوم التسويق وأهميته، وغايته والهدف منه، ومتطلباته وسببه والأحكام الشرعية التي تعتريه، واستنتاج ضوابط شرعية لعناصر المزيج التسويقيي، نستطيع من خلالها الحكم على شرعية الممارسات التسويقية.
الكلمات الدّالة: التسويق الإسلامي، التسويق من منظور إسلامي، دلالة مصطلح التسويق، الضوابط الشرعية للمزيج التسويقي، الضوابط الشرعية للممارسات التسويقية.
 
تصنيف JEL ::M30, M31, M37
تصنيفC59,P1,Q73,O5,O1 :KAUJIE :
عقد المرصد ودوره في إعادة تأهيل الأراضي الوقفية المتدهورة: استراتيجيات وقفية مبتكرة
Authors: ذيب أحمد
Published: December 2024

يتنزّل هذا البحث ضمن سعي تفعيليّ لتطوير الأملاك الوقفية، وتقوية الثقة بإمكانياتها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، حيث تمّ التعرض إلى عقد المرصد بِـحُسْبَانِه أحد أهم الصيغ الإنمائية التي يمكن اعتمادها في إعادة تهيئة الأراضي الوقفية المتدهورة، وهو من العقود طويلة الأجل التي تتيح للمستثمرين تأجير الأراضي البيضاء المهدّدة بالاندثار مقابل الالتزام بتعميرها وتطويرها، لتعود منفعتها بعد ذلك إلى مؤسسة الوقف.
فهو إذن عقد تمويليّ مركب يجمع بين عقد الاستصناع والإجارة على عمل بالمنفعة أثناء مدة العقد.
وقد خلص البحث إلى تثمين المردود التنمويّ لهذا العقد، واعتباره مكسبًا اقتصاديًا داعمًا للسياسات الرسمية المبذولة في هذا الشأن.
وسعيًا إلى تفعيل العمل بهذا العقد، فقد اقترح البحث أربع استراتيجيات عملية، وهي: مزارع الطاقة الشمسية، والأشجار المثمرة المقاومة للجفاف، وتوطين التجمعات الصناعية، وتدعيم التَقَانَة الوقفية.
الكلمات الدَّالة: عقد المرصد، الأرض المتدهورة، استثمار الوقف، التصحر، التنمية الشاملة.
Combinational supplements of organic amendments alleviate copper-induced stress in Withania coagulans (Dunal)
Authors: Fawad Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Heavy metal contamination in the whole biosphere, especially in soil, is accountable for most of the adverse consequences influencing the prosperity of fauna and flora. A pot experiment was designed to investigate the effects of Copper (Cu) with and without combinational supplements of organic amendments (OAs) [cow dung citric acid and amino acid (L-glutamine)] on various physiological and biochemical parameters of Withania coagulans. The peat moss soil was treated with two concentrations of Cu [  and  (10mM, 15mM)] alone and/or with organic amendments [cow dung (10g, 15g), citric acid (05mM, 10mM), and amino acid (05mM, 10mM)]. After four weeks, the results revealed that a higher concentration of Cu significantly reduced the plant agronomic traits by 31% (Number of leaves), 17% (Shoot length), 24% (Root length), 19% (Fresh weight), and 35% (Dry weight), whereas photosynthetic pigments by 34% carotenoids, 33% chlorophyll a (chl a), and 16% chlorophyll b (chl b) compared to control. Moreover, it was noticed that the combination of organic amendments alleviates the negative effects of a higher concentration of Cu on agronomic traits and photosynthetic pigments of a tested plant. The additional supplements of organic amendments improved the plant physiology and enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities to overcome the induced oxidative damage by the higher concentration of copper. Our findings showed that higher doses of Cu had an impact on the agronomic and biochemical characteristics of Withania coagulans, whereas the addition of organic amendments alleviated that impact of Cu.
Simplified Approach for Environmental Remediation of Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet from Aqueous Solution Utilizing Nanoclay Material: Kinetic, Isotherm, Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Abd El-Fadeel Mohamed
Published: December 2024

This paper explains a rapid, simple, easy, and eco-friendly method for the elimination of the dyes Crystal Violet (C.V) and Methylene Blue (M.B) from aquatic solution onto eco-friendly Halloysite nanoclay (HSNC) solid phase. Physical features of the HSNC as SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET were studied. The study examined various parameters that impact adsorption efficiency, including pH solution, adsorbent dosage, temperature, contact time, and KNO3 concentration. The efficiency of CV and MB dyes' adsorption on HSNC was studied kinetically and obtained data showed the processes were organized via a pseudo-second order (PSO) system through calculated adsorption capacity (qe,cal) were 46.72 mg/g for C.V and 43.47 mg/g for M.B dyes on HSNC. Under best conditions, the Langmuir model was found suitable model for explaining the isotherm behavior for removal CV and MB dyes onto HSNC, with maximum adsorption capacity (qm) 45.25 mg/g for C.V and 44.44 mg/g for M.B. Also, the thermodynamic study indicates the removal of C.V and M.B dyes is an endothermic process, and the adsorption of dyes is a chemisorption and spontaneous process. Finally, testing the elimination efficiency of CV and MB dyes based on three different actual samples on HSNC gave (E%) more than 93%. Overall, it was discovered that HSNC was an inexpensive, ecologically friendly substance for eliminating cationic CV and MB dyes.
Streptococcus pyogenes: Virulence factors and Prevention measures
Authors: Aldilami Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Group A streptococcus, or GAS, is a common name for Streptococcus pyogenes, a significant bacterial pathogen that is particular to humans and can cause a wide range of symptoms, from minor localized infections to potentially fatal invasive infections. The bacterium that causes GAS infections is typically spread by respiratory droplets, skin sores that are touched by GAS, or coming into contact with contaminated objects or materials. Foodborne transmission is another possibility, but further investigation is required to determine the extent of this infection route. It was discovered that GAS illnesses are quite common in indigenous groups, low-socioeconomic areas in developed countries, and emerging countries. Many of the extracellular secretions produced or released by S. pyogenes strains are virulence factors because they aid in the promotion of illness and/or the pathogen's survival in the host. The virulence factors that are released or secreted from the bacterial surface are reviewed in this article. Numerous virulence factors have the potential to serve as digestive enzymes, supplying the bacteria with nutrients derived from the host. Overcrowding and the increased degree of social interaction in these environments have been attributed to this. Improving living conditions and hand and personal cleanliness should be the main goals of prevention and control strategies. In high-risk environments, adherence to infection prevention and control measures should be prioritized. It is also important to consider how governments, particularly those in industrialized nations, distribute resources.
Discovering Plant Stress: Current trends and future perspectives in Plant-Microbe Interactions
Authors: Alsulami Nadiah
Published: December 2024

Many biotic and abiotic factors can cause stress in plants, posing a major problem for agricultural yields, environmental health and food security globally. Plant stress can be caused by a variety of factors, including drought, high temperatures, disease and environmental changes. Adverse outcomes include developmental delay, decreased yield and diminished quality, as well as increased plant susceptibility to pests and diseases.
Traditional breeding methods, advanced biotechnology treatments, cultural practices and biochemical interventions are all used to reduce the effects of the disease. In the future, plant stress management will focus on the utilization of climate-smart agriculture, precision agriculture and cooperative studies, policies and industries.
Understanding and effectively managing plant stress will help us achieve sustainable agriculture, improve food security and protect our delicate ecosystems. Examining the complex world of plant stress in this in-depth study, we examine its various causes, its negative consequences and the approaches currently used to minimize them.
Optimizing Continuous Wave Semiconductor Laser toward Achieving (100’s) mW Power for Use in Medical Application: Theoretical Work
Authors: AL-Shaikh Fatima , El-Zarrad Abubakr , Ahmed Moustafa
Published: December 2024

Diode laser is very efficient in medical applications, especially in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a type of laser phototherapy. Conventional laser diodes are classified as low-power lasers that emit laser radiation with a power of few 10s-mW. Extending the laser diode to further applications requires enhancing the emitted power. In this theoretical research, we aim to optimize laser diode's continuous-wave (CW) parameters that control the light-current (L-I) characteristics toward achieving higher slope efficiency and output power. The study is based on numerical solution of the rate equations and evaluating the steady state value of the emitted power, which is then used in the relationships among the total slope efficiency, differential quantum efficiency, threshold current, and emitted power. The numerical calculations indicated that power in the range of 100s-mW is predicted by designing the laser to have an anti-reflecting front facet, high-reflecting back facet, and short cavity with low material loss and high confinement of the lasing field. Therefore, the outcome of this study is to offer a guide for designing a high-power laser diode for use in PDT.
Simple and Cost-effective Fabrication of a Supercapacitor Using Carbon Nanoparticle-based Ink
Authors: Alhebshi Nuha A. , Aldosari Nouf M. , Alsoulami Wihad F. , Almehmadi Ghada M. , Alzahrani Raghad A.
Published: December 2024

The demand for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors is rapidly increasing in most applications, including electric transportation and portable electronics. The material's high cost and the fabrication complexity of supercapacitors suppress their mass production. In this research, a commercial low-cost conductive ink has been simply painted on flexible stainless steel sheets as supercapacitor electrodes. The ink is mainly based on carbon crystals, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction peaks, and the results of the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirm the elemental analysis. The carbon-based ink comprises semi-spherical nanoparticles as imaged by the scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical energy storage mechanism of the carbon nanoparticle-based electrode in the sulfuric acid electrolyte depends on the electric double layer, as investigated by the cyclic voltammetry and the galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. As a result, the carbon ink-based supercapacitor exhibits a maximum areal capacitance of 0.5 mF/cm2 at 0.25 mA/cm2, a maximum energy of 0.2 µWh, and a maximum power of 1600 µW. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows excellent equivalent series resistance of 0.6 ohm, representing a solid attachment of the ink on the stainless steel substrate. In addition, an angle of 45o in the low-frequency range indicates a semi-infinite diffusion of the electrolyte ions into the nanostructured electrodes. All these elemental, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the carbon-based ink promote its potential to be effortlessly implemented as electrodes, thereby contributing to the advancement of supercapacitor manufacture.
DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜM VE MOTİVASYON ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİYİ BELİRLEMEYE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ŞIRNAK İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: İdin Orhan , Sönmez Ramazan Vedat
Published: December 2024

Teknoloji alanında yaşanan değişim, dönüşüm ile birlikte, dijitalleşme, yapay zeka teknolojileri, internet, robot makineler gibi ürün ve uygulamalar yaşantımızın her alanında etkilerini göstermeye başlamıştır. Teknolojik gelişmelerin etkilerin görüldüğü alanlardan biri de çalışma yaşamıdır. Söz konusu teknolojik ilerlemeler çalışma yaşamında birçok değişimi beraberinde getirmiştir. Örgüt yapılarının değişimi, işgücünde dijitalleşme, hizmet koşullarında gelişme, verimlilikte artış, iletişimde hız, iş gücünden tasarruf dijital dönüşümün ilk etkileri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Dijital dönüşüm birtakım fırsatlarla birlikte tehditleri de bünyesinde barındırabilmektedir. Özellikle teknolojik ilerleme sonucu işsizliğin artacağı, birçok geçerli meslek ve becerilerin yok olacağı, yeni iş gruplarının oluşacağı endişesi iş görenler arasında kaygı yaratmakta, endişeye yol açmaktadır. Bu kaygı ve endişenin iş gören başarı, performans ve motivasyon düzeyini etkileyebileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; dijital dönüşüm ve iş gören motivasyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek, iş görenlerin demografik özelliklerine göre dijital teknolojilere yönelik algılarını ve motivasyon düzeylerini tespit etmektir. Araştırma Şırnak ilinde faaliyette bulunan Dedaş işletmesindeki 166 çalışana yönelik yapılmıştır. Veri toplama işleminde anket tekniği kullanılmış, elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 paket program ile analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda; katılımcıların dijital dönüşüm algısı ile iş gören motivasyonu arasında, mezuniyet durumları ile motivasyon düzeyleri arasında ve mezuniyet durumları ile dijital dönüşüm algıları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur.
ANALYZING TURKEY'S PREMIER E-COMMERCE MARKETPLACES BY PREDICTIVE EYE TRACKING METHOD
Authors: Atlı Dinçer
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly evolving and intensely debated discipline over the last decade. AI has the potential to impact many industries, including neuromarketing. Today, many scholars and academic studies emphasize AI's enormous marketing opportunities. Likewise, neuromarketing is a rapidly expanding discipline in marketing. Neuromarketing often aims to use neuroscientific ideas and marketing strategies and integrate them into marketing domains. Neuromarketing uses electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance, eye tracking, galvanic skin response, and facial coding to assess subjects' neurophysiological responses to various stimuli. In this study, an analysis was performed with an eye tracker. Eye tracking is the most widely used neuromarketing technology in market research. Today, predictive eye tracking, or AI-based eye tracking, has started to be used as a tool in the neuromarketing field of artificial intelligence. This framework uses many images from device- and subject-based eye-tracking studies to train complex deep-learning algorithms. These algorithms can better predict people's neuroscientific preferences as more data is fed to them. The accuracy of academic visual saliency prediction models is about 90%, with a small margin of error. However, this is expected to improve over time. This study analyzed five web pages in the coffee machine category of Turkey's leading e-commerce marketplaces, www.amazon.com and www.trendyol.com, with cognitive demand and clarity metrics, using Neurovision software. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the overall cognitive demand metric score of these marketplaces' web pages was acceptable; the overall clarity metric score had the best score on the scale, and the websites in question had very user-friendly designs.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ DİJİTAL OLGUNLUK KONUSUNDA YAZILAN LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLERİN BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Authors: Demirel Bülent Eren , Güven Emel , Eren Tamer
Published: December 2024

Dijital olgunluk, bir kuruluşun dijital teknolojileri stratejik ve entegre bir şekilde kullanma yeteneğini ifade eder. Bu olgunluk seviyesi, işletmelerin dijital dönüşüm süreçlerini başarıyla yönetme, inovasyonu teşvik etme ve rekabet avantajı elde etme kapasitesini gösterir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin 12. Kalkınma Planı çerçevesinde vurgulanan dijital olgunluk kavramını ele alarak, bu alanda Yükseköğretim Öğretim Kurulu Tez Merkezi (YÖKTEZ)’de yayınlanmış 39 adet tezin bibliyometrik analizi ile incelenmesini içermektedir. Analiz; tezlerin konusu, türü, yazıldığı yıl, üniversite, üniversitenin türü, enstitü, ana bilim dalı, kullanılan araştırma yöntemleri, anahtar kelimeler ve yöntemin nicel veya nitel oluşu gibi çeşitli parametreler üzerinden yapılmıştır. Bu bibliyometrik analiz, dijital olgunluk konusundaki akademik tezlerin dağılımlarını ve kullanılan araştırma yöntemlerini incelemiştir. Tezlerin %51'i yüksek lisans, %49'u doktora düzeyindedir. 2023 yılında yapılan tezler toplamın %54'ünü oluşturmuştur. Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi (%15) ve İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi (%12.5) en fazla tez üreten kurumlar arasındadır. Araştırma yöntemlerinde, tezlerin %52.5'inde veri analizi, %20'sinde ise karma yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, dijital olgunluk alanındaki akademik literatürün yapısal özelliklerini ve araştırma trendlerini ortaya koymak, gelecekteki araştırma yönlerini belirlemek ve literatüre katkı sağlamaktır.