bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidencias de las muertes y la oferta laboral en la generación de capital humano en el departamento de Bolívar
Authors: Pérez Dewin , Castillo Loaiza Jorge Leonardo
Published: June 2022

En este estudio se verifica en qué medida las muertes y la oferta laboral inciden en la generación de capital humano en el depar-tamento de Bolívar durante el periodo 2002 – 2009, para lo cual se empleó información recolectada por el DANE y el Ministerio de Educación Nacional. Inicialmente se realiza la caracterización y análisis de las variables y luego se desarrolla un ejercicio eco-nométrico utilizando el método de efectos fijos con corrección de heteroscedasticidad para datos de panel. Se detectó que en los 45 municipios del departamento, las muertes y la oferta laboral inciden en la generación de capital humano cuando esta última es medida con los matriculados en educación básica primaria; además, se confirmaron los hallazgos de estudios anteriores para otras zonas y otros años: “en edad adulta el exceso de mortalidad altera la formación de capital humano en la sociedad”.Palabras clave: Capital humano - Colombia, muertes, oferta laboral, instituciones educativas - Colombia, datos de panel.Clasificación JEL: C13, C23, J22, J24.
Boom minero-energético e aprofundamento da dependênciana Colômbia: a inserção em um modelo exportador deespecialização produtiva pós-1990
Authors: Redondo Ochoa Jose
Published: June 2022

Este artigo pretende avançar na compreensão dascausas da maior dependência e vulnerabilidade da economiacolombiana, em decorrência do processo de liberalizaçãocomercial e desregulamentação financeira, iniciado no paísno começo da década de 1990. Argumenta-se que ainserção em um modelo primário-exportador de especializaçãoprodutiva, voltado para as commodities do setor extrativo,tem aprofundado a instabilidade macroeconômica nos últimosanos, dadas as recorrentes flutuações do preço internacionaldos produtos minero-energéticos. Além disso, afirma-se quea concessão de maiores benefícios ao capital estrangeiro queinveste nesse setor tem contribuído para a exacerbação dadependência.
The Effectiveness of Topical 5-fluorouracil Treatment on Mouse Skin Squamous Cell Precancerous Lesions through Caspase-3 Expression
Authors: Nurkasanah Siti , Hoemardani Aida S.D. , Sinuraya Evlina Suzanna , Wuyung Puspita Eka
Published: June 2022

Skin cancer is a disease that develops in the epidermis of the skin and can be invasive, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Early detection of squamous cell precancerous can prevent these lesions from progressing to invasive SCC and increase the effectiveness of therapy. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite compound as a pyrimidine DNA/RNA antagonist molecule that induces cell apoptosis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the topical 5-FU cream (Dharmais NCH) compared to imiquimod 5% on apoptosis through the expression of caspase-3 in precancerous squamous cells of mouse skin induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzen[a]-anthracene (DMBA)/croton oil treatment. This research assess three differences concentration of 5-FU include 1%, 2%, and 5% on 24 wild type mouse divided into 6 groups including positive control (with carcinogenesis but without treatment), negative control (without treatment; normal), carcinogenesis with treatment 5-FU cream (1%, 2%, and 5%) or 5% imiquimod cream. Two-stages carcinogenesis induced by DMBA and followed by croton oil. The expression of caspase-3 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS version 23. The induction of two-stages of carcinogenesis (weeks 1 to 10) caused papilloma lesions on the skin of mouse. Furthermore, 5-FU treatment for 4 weeks (weeks 11 to 14) showed a decrease in the cumulative number of papillomas (p<0.05) and immunohistochemical analysis showed caspase-3 expression on 5-FU treatments (1%, 2%, and 5%) was not significantly different from the imiquimod treatment (p>0.05). The apoptotic effect of 5-FU treatment on precancerous skin squamous cell lesions in mouse was not significantly different from the standard treatment using imiquimod. This suggests that 5-FU treatment has potential as a future therapy in squamous cell precancerous skin lesions.Keywords: 5-fluorouracil, caspase-3, squamous cell precancerous, skin, topical treatment.
Revealing the Potential of Compounds in Sappan Wood as Cervical Cancer Metastasis Chemopreventive Agent With MMP9 Target
Authors: Hastuti Hanaan Emilia Adi , Adisusilo Midori Rahmadhany Putri , Ashar Yusufia Asmarani , Meiyanto Edy , Jenie Riris Istighfari
Published: June 2022

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) has an essential role in cervical cancer metastasis. Sappan wood extract (SWE) from Caesalpinia sappan contains metabolites that have pharmacological effects and can potentially inhibit metastasis by targeting the protein markers. This research aims to discover the potency of compounds in C. sappan as chemopreventive agents for metastasis in cervical cancer by targeting MMP9. SWE was obtained by maceration with methanol and analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC). In vitro cytotoxicity test of SWE on HeLa cells was performed by direct counting method. MMP9 expression profiles and survival rates in cervical cancer patients were explored through bioinformatics studies by the GEPIA database. The CMAUP and PubChem databases were used to obtain the metabolomic profile of SWE. SWE compounds’ activities on target proteins were obtained through KNIME software, while its interaction with MMP9 was analyzed using molecular docking with MOE software. We obtained SWE with a yield of 9.7% w/w. The extract contains brazilin and is indicated by the spot appearance at Rf 0.375. The cytotoxicity of SWE against HeLa cells was considered potential as the IC50 value was 54.93 μg/mL. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, there is a significant difference in MMP9 expression between normal and cervical cancer tissue. The patient’s survival probability decreased if MMP9 was overexpressed. The molecular docking results showed that active compounds of SWE bind to the MMP9 inhibition site with higher affinity compared to the native ligand. This study reveals that SWE potential to be developed as a chemopreventive agent through metastasis inhibition in cervical cancer by targeting MMP9.Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan L., metastasis, bioinformatics, molecular docking, MOE.
Chancen und Herausforderungen in ländlichen Räumen durch Digitalisierung
Authors: Christmann Gabriela , Sept Ariane
Published: June 2022

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ASYMPTOTICS OF THE SOLUTION TO A TWO-BAND TWO-POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM
Authors:   Osh State University, Tursunov D.A. , Omaralieva G.A. ,   Osh State University
Published: June 2022

The article investigates the asymptotic behavior of the solution of a two-point boundary value problem on an interval for a linear inhomogeneous ordinary differential equation of the second order with a small parameter at the highest derivative. The essential features of the problem are the presence of a small parameter in front of the second-order derivative of the desired function, the existence of a twodimensional boundary layer at the left end of the segment at x = 0, and the non-smoothness of the solution to the corresponding unperturbed boundary value problem. It is required to construct a uniform asymptotic expansion of the solution to a two-zone two-point boundary value problem on a unit interval, with any degree of accuracy, as the small parameter tends to zero. Due to the second and third features of the problem, it is not easy to construct an asymptotic solution expansion with respect to the small parameter using the known asymptotic methods. When solving the problem, the following methods are used: methods of integration of ordinary differential equations; the method of a small parameter; the classical method of boundary functions; and the generalized method of boundary functions and the maximum principle. The problem is solved in two stages: in the first stage, a formal expansion of the solution to the two-point boundary value problem is constructed, and in the second stage, the justification of this expansion is given, i.e. the remainder term of the expansion is estimated. In the first stage, a formal asymptotic solution is sought in the form of the sum of three solutions: a smooth outer solution on the entire segment; classical boundary layer solution in the vicinity of x = 0, which exponentially decreases outside the boundary layer; and an intermediate boundary layer solution at x = 0, which decreases in power mode outside the boundary layer. The constructed asymptotic expansion of the solution to the two-point boundary value problem is asymptotic in the sense of Erdei.
Türkçe ve Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Ders Kitaplarındaki Metinlerde Yer Alan Deyimler Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: ÖMER KEMİKSİZ
Published: June 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul/ortaokul Türkçe ve lise Türk dili ve edebiyatı ders kitaplarındaki metinlerde yer alan deyimleri çeşitli açılardan incelemektir. Nitel araştırma deseninde tasarlanan araştırmanın verileri doküman incelemesi tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2. sınıf için Koza, diğer sınıf seviyeleri için MEB Yayınları tarafından hazırlanan ders kitapları oluşturmuştur. Örneklemdeki kitaplarda yer alan 155 öyküleyici metin, 128 bilgilendirici metin ve 101 şiir olmak üzere toplam 384 metin araştırma kapsamında incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre ilkokul seviyesinde en fazla deyime 4. sınıf, ortaokul seviyesinde 7. sınıf ve lise seviyesinde 11. sınıfta yer verilirken ilkokul seviyesinde en az deyime 1.sınıf, ortaokul seviyesinde 6. sınıf ve lise seviyesinde 9. sınıfta yer verilmiştir. Ders kitaplarında yer alan 1819 farklı, toplam 4804 deyimin 3185’i (%66) öyküleyici metinlerde, 1371’i (%29) bilgilendirici metinlerde, 248’i (%5) şiirlerde yer almıştır. Bütün sınıf seviyelerinde deyimlerin en sık kullanıldığı metin türü öyküleyici metinler olmuştur. Ders kitaplarındaki metinlerde en sık kullanılan deyimler ne kadar (f=82), o kadar (f=65), karar vermek (f=59), haber vermek (f=39), gibi olmak (f=37), fark etmek (f=34), elde etmek (f=32), kim bilir (f=32), ortaya çıkmak (f=31) ve yola çıkmak (f=30) şeklinde belirlenmiştir.
Üstün Yetenekli Öğrencilerin Eğitiminde Farklılaştırma ve Zenginleştirme Uygulamalarına İlişkin Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: KAYA Nisa Gökden , MERTOL Hüseyin , TURHAN Gülbin , ARAZ Damla , UÇAR Hazret
Published: June 2022

Üstün yetenekli öğrenciler, özel eğitim kapsamında yer almakta, bilişsel gelişimleri akranlarından ileride olduğu için eğitimlerinde farklı uygulamalara gereksinim duymaktadır. Bu bağlamda farklılaştırma ve zenginleştirme uygulamaları üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin eğitimlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle son yıllarda Türkiye’de bu konuda yapılan araştırma ve tezlerin sayısında bir artış görülmektedir. Ancak konu ile ilgili yapılan lisansüstü tezlerin ayrıntılı şekilde incelendiği bir araştırmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu eksikliği gidermek amacıyla, bu araştırmada üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin eğitiminde farklılaştırma ve zenginleştirme uygulamalarına ilişkin Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen 31 lisansüstü tez çalışması incelenmiştir. Tezler çalışmaların özelliklerine göre sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular tartışılarak ileride yapılacak uygulama ve araştırmalara ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.
Application of modelling and simulation to evaluate the theta method used in diagnostics of automotive shock absorbers
Authors: Lozia Zbigniew
Published: June 2022

The dynamic properties of the car's suspension largely depend on the damping that results from the state of the shock absorbers. Their technical condition is essential for vehicle occupants’ comfort and traffic safety. It changes with the time and intensity of use of the vehicle. Therefore, adequate methods of non-destructive (diagnostic) testing of suspension damping have been sought for many years. The on-vehicle tests are particularly useful thanks to their low cost and short test duration time. The newest method is the ‘theta’ method which is the subject of the presented article. Notation ‘theta’ usually means relative damping (damping ratio) in the vibrating system. The paper asses four variants of the method. Two versions come from modal analysis and are also known as the ‘peak-picking method’ or ‘half-power method’. Two other versions are described in cited patent documentations. Three linear ‘quarter car' models with their description in the frequency domain were used to assess mentioned variants of the ‘theta’ method. Calculations were made for two typical datasets corresponding to the front and rear suspension system of a medium-class motor car. This provided grounds for general qualitative and (within a limited scope) quantitative assessment of the usefulness of individual variants of the method under analysis and for comparisons between them. The paper is to help in choosing the variant of the ‘theta’ method that would most likely find the application and that might be recommended to manufacturers and would-be purchasers of diagnostic suspension testers. The author has also highlighted the importance of possible further research.
Representasi Perempuan pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah: Ikhtisar Pilkada Serentak di Jawa Tengah 2020
Authors: Marwah Sofa , Catur Pratiwi Oktafiani
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to examine the women's representation in Pilkada (local election) 2020 in Central Java. Studies on women's representation include descriptive representation,  the backgrounds of the elected female regents, and gender issues in the campaign. The Pilkada 2020 has become more specific. Pilkada 2020 held during the covid-19 pandemic. The results show that the number of candidates participating in Pilkada 2020 in Central Java was decreasing. However, there is an increase in female regents elected in the Pilkada 2020, compared to the Pilkada 2015, as can be seen from both the number of female regent candidates and the number of elected female regents. Some of the women regents' backgrounds are incumbents and party cadres. Some of them also have husbands/fathers who have been prominent figures in the election area. Most of the elected female regents have included gender issues in campaign materials. Yet, gender perspective has not been strongly asserted in their proposed policies. Despite advancing slowly, the progress in political arena remains to bring optimism in gender equality promotion.
Koniec idei CSR. Nowy początek?
Authors: Zboroń Halina
Published: June 2022

Przedmiotem rozważań podjętych w artykule jest stan współczesnej refleksji o społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że prowadzone od kilkunastu lat dyskusje na temat CSR prowadzą do propozycji nowych modeli CSR, których przykładem są idea CSV (wytwarzanie wspólnej wartości) Marka R. Kramera i Michaela E. Portera i oraz koncepcja Firma-Idea zaproponowana przez Jerzego Hausnera i Mateusza Zmyślonego. Obie propozycje są przykładem nowego ujęcia społecznej roli biznesu i jego wpływu na zmiany klimatyczne. Intencją autorki jest przedstawienie argumentacji na rzecz tezy o konieczności przeformułowania tradycyjnie pojmowanego modelu CSR. W przekonaniu autorki omawiane w artykule nowe propozycje stanowią obiecującą inspirację dla dalszych poszukiwań w tym zakresie.
Podstawy prawne zatrudniania osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności
Authors: Badowiec Renata , Szabłowska-Juckiewicz Marzena
Published: June 2022

Praca skazanych jest jednym z istotnych elementów procesu wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności. Pracę należy zapewnić przede wszystkim skazanym zobowiązanym do świadczeń alimentacyjnych, ale również tym, którzy mają szczególnie trudną sytuację materialną, osobistą lub rodzinną. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podstaw prawnych zatrudniania osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności. W ramach niniejszego artykułu przeanalizowano normy prawne regulujące możliwość zatrudniania osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności na podstawie skierowania do pracy oraz innych form prawnych wymienionych w art. 121 § 2 Kodeksu karnego wykonawczego z 1997 r. Podjęte rozważania prowadzą przede wszystkim do wniosku, że niezależnie od wyboru formy prawnej zatrudnienia priorytetem jest realizowanie celów kary pozbawienia wolności, jednakże forma zatrudnienia osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności ma wpływ na sposób ukształtowania stosunków prawnych pomiędzy skazanym a podmiotem, na rzecz którego świadczy on pracę.
Wykorzystanie postaci Stirlitza w rosyjskich memach internetowych
Authors: Trendowicz Marcin
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the characteristics of Russian-language internet memes that use or allude to the character of Stierlitz, the legendary intelligence agent created by the writer Yulian Semyonov and adapted for the screen in the TV series Seventeen moments of spring, directed by Tatyana Lioznova. The analysis focuses not only on the memes directly referring to the series and jokes about Stierlitz, but also on examples using associations related to the character and the film (in the textual and/or iconic layer) to humorously illustrate phenomena occurring in contemporary Russia. The first group of memes can be seen as the continuation of the Stierlitz jokes still popular in Russia, while the second group includes memes whose main characters are contemporary Russian political activists and politicians (e.g. Vladimir Putin and Alexei Navalny), as well as those referring to current events in the country and the world (e.g. the coronavirus pandemic and the introduction of the Russian vaccine). In both cases, punchlines from jokes or precedent statements combined with an iconic layer are used to create comic effects.
Proza Anny Fein. Rosyjsko-izraelska odsłona humoru żydowskiego
Authors: Michalska-Suchanek Mirosława
Published: June 2022

Jewish humour with a rich repertoire of forms is an integral part of Jewish culture. The article summarises the typical features of Jewish humour and presents an outline of its history from its beginning at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, through the times of immigrants to Palestine, from the first Aliyah (1882–1903), until the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, to the humour of modern Israel. The humour of Anna Fein – one of the important representatives of Russian-Israeli literature – is situated at the intersection of traditional Jewish humour, Israeli humour, and the mentality of a repatriate (the writer left Russia for Israel during the so-called Great Aliyah), creating an interesting Russian-Israeli version of Jewish humour. Fein’s humour fits in with the exemplary tone of archetypal Jewish humour. At the same time, referring not to the emotions, but to the recipient’s intellect, together with the assumption that humour must have pragmatic values, understood as the implementation of a utilitarian function, it brings the recipient closer to the postulates of Henri Bergson’s theory of laughter.
Nonlinearity mitigation of self-phase modulation effect in coherent optical system
Authors: Hadjadji Narimane , Hamdi Rachid
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the proficiency of nonlinearity compensation studied on the polarization division multiplexing 0.3 return-to-zero quadrature phase-shift keying (PDM-0.3RZ-QAM) coherent optical system. The considerable nonlinear effect is the self-phase modulation (SPM) in the presence of chromatic dispersion. The nonlinearity mitigation technique based on the digital backpropagation (DBP) algorithm is implemented on the receiver side. The performance of the system was investigated in different terms as the optical signal-noise ratio, bit error rate, and the maximum transmission distance. The results demonstrated that the penalties were decreased by 3 dB. The maximum achievable distance was extended to 2000 km.
A simple chaotic base encryption scheme for securing OFDM-PON communications
Authors: Ridha Oday A.L.A , Jabori Hiba Abd Alwahab , Mohammed Husam Abduldaem
Published: June 2022

Optical communications and their security have been got a great attention. In this work, a simple, low cost and secure optical system integrating orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based passive optical network (OFDM-PON) and chaotic theory is proposed. In the proposed system, a novel scheme of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) encryption method is adopted. For privacy of image and video encryption, the process of encryption consists of two processes and a 3D chaotic system is employed. The chaotic system is used to generate the encryption sequences. In the first stage, the first generated chaotic sequence is XORed with the incoming data. While in the second stage, the QAM symbol is remapped using the other two generated chaotic sequences. Generally, the proposed system is designed to provide secure data, videos, and images transmission. The proposed system is simulated and evaluated with a transmission of a 10 Gb/s along 50 km single-mode fiber (SMF). The performance of the proposed system showed that there is a performance enhancement in terms of Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) and bit error rate (BER). The BER of unauthorized user is around 0.6147, while the PAPR is reduced to approximately half. The proposed system is simple and doesn’t require complex computations. It requires simple analog multiplexers for its implementation.
Security enhancement of visible light communication system using proposed 2D-WMZCC codes under the effects of eavesdropper
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Singh Grewal Narwant
Published: June 2022

Security postulates of visible light communication (VLC) is a paramount area of consideration due to its deployment in military, businesses, and residential establishments. Optical code division multiplexing (OCDMA) is prominent multiples access technique to serve multiple users and offer better security as compared to other available techniques such as wavelength and time division multiplexing (TDM). Wavelength conversion, multicode keying, optical logic gates, and quantum key distribution are some of the widely used security enhancement techniques but come at high cost and greater complexity. Zero cross correlation codes (ZCC) with integration of time dimension is an ultimate solution to the complex security improvement techniques but conventional two dimensional (2D) ZCC codes has an utmost issue of adjacent weights (W) and time (t) in the code which can be easily decoded by eavesdropper. Therefore, in this work, a novel weight managed ZCC (WMZCC) OCDMA code is presented with the non-adjacent W and t in the code matrix for making authentic information decoding difficult. Proposed 2D-WMZCC codes are investigated for 5 users at 100 Gbps over VLC link length of 5 m using polarization division multiplexed (PDM) quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and digital signal processing in terms of log symbol error rate (log SER), Q factor and bit error rate (BER). Further, a detailed comparison of 2D-WMZCC codes is performed with existing 2D diagonal identity matrix (DIM) codes and results revealed that former one exhibits better security than later OCDMA code.
Assessing Freshmen Undergraduate Students’ Comprehension of Library Vocabularies in Library Orientation Sessions
Authors: Ahmed S.M. Zabed , Hossain Md. Noman
Published: June 2022

This paper evaluates freshmen undergraduate students’ comprehension of library vocabularies used by librarians in library orientation sessions. For the assessment, a questionnaire survey was conducted among a group of 1456 freshmen students during library orientations at a premier public university in Bangladesh. In addition to students’ socio-demographic and personal information, the survey included 15-multiple choice questions on the definition of library terminologies. For each definition, the correct answer was given a score of “1” whereas the wrong or unsure response was assigned a score of “0.” Statistical procedures, t-test and ANOVA, were run to test the equality of means between student groups. A Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) model was applied to determine the effect of socio-demographic and personal variables on students’ category-specific scores. The findings indicate that more than half of the terms were either incorrectly defined or not known to students. There were significant differences in freshmen’s total and category-specific scores based on gender, age, previous residence, discipline enrolled, computer and library experience and in terms of their previous exposure to library instructions. The GEE model showed that category-specific scores were significantly associated with term types and prior computer and library experience.
Epistemology, Political Perils and the Ethnocentrism Problem in Feminism
Authors: Davanger Oda K. S.
Published: June 2022

Nobody claims to be a proponent of white feminism, but according to the critique presented in this article, many in fact are. I argue that feminism that does not take multiple axes of oppression into account is bad in three ways: (1) it strategically undermines solidarity between women; (2) it risks inconsistency by advocating justice and equality for some women but not all; and (3) it impedes the ultimate function of feminism function by employing epistemological “master’s tools” that stand in antithesis to feminist emancipatory work. In investigating ethnocentrism in feminism, I develop the idea of latent ethnocentrism, which occupies the space between meaning that is generated from reference to the self and overt racism. I identify an epistemological prong in the ethnocentrism charge against feminism, where I draw on bell hooks’ interlocking axes-model of oppression to answer why the ethnocentrism problem is important for feminism and what its underlying epistemological causes are. I draw on Uma Narayan’s destabilization of cultural dualisms to argue that they do not serve emancipatory agendas. There is a mutually constitutive relation between language that informs our understanding, on the one hand, and the political agendas that produce this language to sustain the male and the western norm as center, on the other hand. I call this circular and reciprocally reinforcing mechanism the episteme-politic. I conclude that the ethnocentrism problem is not merely an issue of (1) strategy or (2) feminist consistency but of (3) shooting oneself in the foot by uncritically accepting patriarchal concepts for feminist politics.
Direitos humanos, globalização e soberania: sobre os efeitos das crises paradigmáticas
Authors: GERVASONI T. A.
Published: June 2022

This research aims to investigate how globalization and human rights interfere in the conception and exercise of state sovereignty (whose transformations delimit the analysis of the paradigmatic crisis underway) and how these interrelations impact the State and the Law. We aim to demonstrate that both factors decisively impact upon the dynamic of the institutions forged in modernity, creating the need for a new paradigm of understanding for these relations based on a broad rethinking of these structures. The investigation adopts the methodology of the phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, based, especially, on Heidegger’s maxim of “the things themselves”, since the proposal, in line with the method adopted, does not so much characterize the real essence of the objects of investigation, but rather their means, that is their ‘how’, in opposition to constructions floating in the air or discovered accidentally.
SMURTO ARTIMOJE APLINKOJE DINAMIKA KLAIPĖDOS MIESTE 2010–2014 METAIS: TEORINIS-TEISINIS DISKURSAS
Authors: Acus Arūnas , Kraniauskas Liutauras
Published: June 2022

The article explores the dynamics of domestic violence in the city of Klaipėda over the period 2010 to 2014, with the aim of demonstrating how the Republic of Lithuania’s Law on Protection against Domestic Violence (LOPADV), passed in 2011, raised a relatively marginalised phenomenon to the level of a relevant social problem. The statistical data presented in the article call for a detailed analysis of the dynamics of the phenomenon in order to identify the social and legal causes of changes in domestic violence, and to anticipate prerequisites for strategies related to the safety of the victims of violence and the prevention of violence. The article analyses cases of violence registered with Klaipėda city’s Chief Police Commissariat, in an attempt to evaluate the social profile of domestic violence, and to highlight the essential characteristics of perpetrators and victims. By transcending the rather narrow boundaries of the psychological treatment of this phenomenon, an attempt is made to identify the most important empirical characteristics that would lead in the long run to an opportunity for the sociological interpretation of the phenomenon.
Public knowledge on karst and protected areas: A case study of Tara National Park, Serbia
Authors: Kovačević-Majkić Jelena , Ćalić Jelena , Micić Jasna , Brankov Jovana , Milanović Ranko , Telbisz Tamás
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper is to present the results of our research on the knowledge and awareness of visitors and residents about karst and protected areas (PAs). The research was carried out in the Tara National Park (NP)in western Serbia, which includes karst landscapes. By conducting surveys with visitors, local population, and National Park employees, as well as interviews with local key persons, NP key persons and external experts, we got a deeper understanding of the issues related to knowledge on karst and PAs. We also investigated whether local people or visitors knew the values of karst landscapes in general and how they were informed or learned about the Tara NP. In addition, we also analysed the content of these topics in school curricula and textbooks in Serbia. We concluded that the awareness about the researched topics is unsatisfactory at present thus it should be raised to a higher level, both in the case of local people and in the case of visitors. One of the most significant ways to improve the current level is through formal, non-formal, and informal education.
A new ecosystem services approach to enable identification of pro-biodiversity businesses of protected karst areas in Central and South-Eastern Europe
Authors: Gorjanc Sašo , Simončič Tina , Poljanec Aleš , Kuslits Béla , Arany Ildikó , Tanács Eszter , Vári Ágnes , Aszalós Réka , Drasovean Anghel , Mos Alin , Maeso Velasco Laura , Reuter Andrea , Gattenlohner Udo
Published: June 2022

Protected areas are a leading conservation tool for preserving biodiversity. However, the restrictions on human uses often engender resistance of local communities to the idea of living in protected environment. This paper describes the preparation of Biodiversity Investment Opportunities (BIO) maps for seven case areas in Central and South-Eastern Europe, using participatory methods. BIO maps have been further developed with the involvement of local stakeholders to define areas that can support economic activities while achieving a no net loss or even benefits for nature. The BIO maps can then be used to foster the development of Pro-Biodiversity Businesses (PBBs). PBBs are enterprises that generate financial returns without compromising the natural environments they depend on. PBBs were found to be a viable solution, effective in changing the perceptions of both the park managers and the local people towards the protected areas. Moreover, these enterprises can improve the local livelihoods, as well as actively protect nature and biodiversity. Therefore, the approach presented in this paper can be adopted as a model for managing any protected area and conserving cultural landscapes.
Utilizing fine coal waste as a topsoil substitute on mine reclamation
Authors: Sriningsih Wahyu , Iskandar Iskandar , Suryaningtyas Dyah Tjahyandari
Published: June 2022

 
Topsoil in post-mined land generally has a low fertility level. Its availability is not always in sufficient quantities to meet minimal needs for mine reclamation, so substitute materials and ameliorants are needed to increase its quantity and quality. Fine coal and fly ash-bottom ash (FABA) are wastes expected to reduce the demand for topsoil and, at the same time, may improve topsoil quality. This study aimed to examine the application of fine coal as a topsoil substitution and its effect on changes in the chemical properties of topsoil and the growth of jabonv (Anthocephalus chinensis). The study was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design model with two factors. The first factor was fine coal with four levels of 0, 10, 20, and 50% from the topsoil (w/w), and the second factor was FABA with three levels of 0, 500, 1000 g/15 kg of growing media. The jabon plant was grown for 24 weeks. The results showed that up to 50% fine coal could be used as a topsoil substitution. The interaction of fine coal and FABA increase pH, organic C, total N, cation exchange capacity, available P, base saturation, exchangeable cations, and micronutrients, and reduce the amount of exchangeable Al in the soil. FABA with a dose of 1000 g/15 kg of growing media and 50% fine coal was the best treatment to increase the growth of the jabon plant.
Mycorrhizal status of Plantago coronopus L. in relation to edaphic parameters in a coastal dune of Oran
Authors: Tabti Souad , Bendimered-Mouri Fatima Zohra
Published: June 2022

La présente étude a été menée dans le but de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de l'adaptation des psammo-halophytes à leurs environnements hostiles à travers la détermination de leur statut mycorhizien. Il s'agissait de l'évaluation du statut mycorhizien de Plantago  coronopus L. en relation avec les paramètres édaphiques de sa rhizosphère dans une dune du littoral oranais. Des échantillons de sol rhizosphérique et de racines ont été prélevés sur trois sites situés sur les dunes de Bomo-plage, à l'ouest d'Oran. Les paramètres de colonisation mycorhizienne de la plante et les paramètres physico-chimiques du substrat ont été déterminés. Les résultats ont montré que le substrat avait une texture sablo-limoneuse, il était légèrement salin, très pauvre en eau et en nutriments, avec une forte charge de calcaire total et une faible teneur en carbone organique et en azote total. Les racines ont été colonisées par des champignons de type mycorhizes arbusculaires avec une fréquence moyenne élevée (61,34%). Les résultats de l'analyse en composantes principales ont révélé que les paramètres mycorhiziens étaient positivement corrélés avec la salinité du sol, le carbone organique et la matière organique, l'azote total et le limon. Cependant, la corrélation entre les paramètres mycorhiziens et le pH,
The potential of intercropping of Crotalaria juncea on the reduction of Pb accumulation in Brassica rapa and Phaseolus vulgaris grown on Pb-contaminated soil
Authors: Rahayu Yekti Sri , Maghfoer Moch. Dawam , Wardiyati Tatik
Published: June 2022

Many factors cause increasing Pb contamination in soils, including intensive crop production, motor vehicle exhaust gas around agricultural land areas, or irrigation mixed with household. An effort is needed to minimize Pb contamination in soils. This experiment aimed to examine the potential of Crotalaria juncea L. intercropped for minimizing the accumulation of Pb in vegetable crops grown intensively using agrochemicals. The treatments tested were monoculture of Brassica rapa, monoculture of Phaseolus vulgaris, monoculture of C.juncea, intercropping C. juncea with B.rapa, and intercropping C. juncea  with P. vulgaris. Results of the study showed that planting of C. juncea reduced the total dry weight of B.rapa by 33.47% and increased the total dry weight of P. vulgaris by 17.41% compared to monoculture. Intercropping of B rapa or P. vulgaris with C. juncea reduced the total Pb concentration of B. rapa by 45.64%, and that of P. vulgaris by 16.22%. Planting of C. juncea reduced the Pb concentration in B. rapa by 21.23% (Pb 0.89 mg kg-1) and that in P. vulgaris by 76.03% (Pb 0.93 mg    kg-1). Monoculture planting of C.juncea and intercropping of C. juncea with B. rapa or P. vulgaris reduced the concentration of available Pb and total Pb in the soil to not detected value, compared to monoculture planting of B. rapa and P. vulgaris.
Cittaslow Movement as a Tool to Strengthen the City Image: Case Study of Osmaneli (Bilecik)
Authors: Hergül Özlem Candan , Göker Parisa
Published: June 2022

Intense urbanization movements, unconscious usage of energy sources, along with rural-urban migration based on various reasons and rapid population growth are the common problems of today’s cities. The natural results of such problems can be summarized as the emergence of environments that are naked of aesthetics, changes in the habits of urban-dwellers with regards to their life styles and cultures, along with the negative impacts on the life quality of people. With this study, it is aimed to analyze the suitability of Osmaneli town to be a part of the Cittaslow Movement through the questionnaires to be conducted, along with identifying the physical effects of participating in this movement on the development of Osmaneli’s urban image, and developing planning & design suggestions. The historical and natural landscape elements of Osmaneli surviving to date, along with its characteristics that strengthen the city image, are analyzed within the scope of the study. Field surveys have been carried out within the scope of the study method. In this direction, questionnaire study was carried out in order to detect the elements that bear the city image characteristics and brand value, while also measuring the participation and compliance rate of the public in case of becoming a part of Cittaslow Movement. A city that wants to join the Slow City Movement must meet certain conditions and undertake to provide others. Osmaneli settlement is in a lucky position in this context. Since it is a small settlement in Bilecik, it was not affected much by urban interventions and preserved its original texture. In addition, strengthening the city image of Osmaneli and increasing its tourism potential will provide economic development to the city. In this context, various determinations and suggestions have been developed and a tourism route has been created for the identity elements of the city.
РОЗВИТОК ЗОВНІШНЬОТОРГОВЕЛЬНОГО СЕКТОРУ ЕКОНОМІКИ: МЕТОДИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ
Authors: Diatlova V.V. , Diatlova Yu.V. , Yerokhina D.O.
Published: June 2022

Розвиток зовнішньоторговельного сектору економіки країни та регіонів є одним із вкрай важливих завдань держави для створення умов щодо їх економічного зростання та підвищення рівня життя населення. Актуальність дослідження тенденцій зовнішньоторговельного сектору економіки та необхідність удосконалення методичного підходу до їх оцінювання в регіонах зумовили мету даної статті. У дослідженні використано методи статистичного та системно-структурного аналізу (для визначення тенденцій розвитку зовнішньоторговельного сектору економіки за певними показниками), математичного моделювання і розрахунковий метод (для визначення значень показників, кореляційно-регресійного аналізу їх зміни), логічного узагальнення (для формулювання результатів і висновків).

Методичний підхід до оцінювання тенденцій розвитку зовнішньоторговельного сектору економіки удосконалено за рахунок розширення переліку показників. Показники обрані як зі статистичних даних (обсяги експорту та імпорту, зовнішньоторговельний баланс, коефіцієнт покриття експортом імпорту), так і отримані розрахунковим методом (зміни до попереднього або базового року, товарна структура, питома вага країн-партнерів і інші). Їх аналіз по країні дозволив визначити нестійкі тенденції в період 2014-2020 років. Хвилеподібний характер їх змін підтверджується отриманою математичною моделлю. Для визначення регіональних тенденцій щодо експорту та імпорту потрібні додаткові розрахунки, оскільки показники надаються окремо щодо товарів і послуг. Використання показників дозволило визначити експортну або імпортну орієнтацію адміністративно-територіальних регіонів. Тенденції за економічними регіонами можуть бути визначені тільки розрахунковим методом. Зокрема, запропоновано модель розрахунку коефіцієнту покриття експортом імпорту. Аналіз значень показників довів обґрунтованість їх використання у сукупності для оцінювання тенденцій і визначення регіонів, орієнтованих на експорт. Методичний аспект оцінювання регіональних тенденцій може бути застосований при формуванні інструментів реалізації державної політики та розробленні регіональних стратегій.
COMPETITIVE INFLUENCE OF TNCS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMIES IN GLOBAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Halaziuk N.M.
Published: June 2022

At the present stage of development of the world economy - the stage of globalization, a significant role is played by transnational corporations, which become leading trading companies, investors, distributors of modern technologies, scientific and technological progress, stimulators of international labor migration. It was multinational corporations that laid the foundation for interdependent economic activity around the world, and later became the foundation of the global economy.

Today, multinational corporations are not only the main actors in the world, but also an important part of the national economy, whose role is growing every year. In the context of the rapid development of globalization processes in the world economic space, an important trend is the development of TNCs. It is obvious that in today's conditions TNCs allow them to accumulate financial and investment flows in host and home countries, create incentives for innovative technologies and new products, introduce new methods and principles of effective management and promote competitiveness of the national economy.

The purpose of this work is to study the competitive influence of TNCs on the development of national economies, the prospects of their activities in the growing globalization of world economic relations.

In the process of research general and specific economic methods were used, namely abstract, logical, method of combining historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, calculation of absolute and relative values.

Research has shown that TNCs are the largest players in the world economy, the efficiency of the national economy, its participation in WFP, the level of integration and international competitiveness depend more on the success of TNCs based in the country.

The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that, the author proved, the key role of TNCs as the largest actor in the world economy, the level of integration and international competitiveness largely depend on the successful operation of TNCs.

The practical significance of the results is that formulated and substantiated scientific findings, conclusions can be used to increase the international competitiveness of the national economy through the use of investment activities of TNCs in the deepening globalization.
РОЛЬ МИРОТВОРЦІВ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ КОЛЕКТИВНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Kvasniy L.G. , Paslavska V.V. , Basarab O. V.
Published: June 2022

В статті обґрунтовано, що завдання збереження  миру, запобігання збройним конфліктам, не допущення знищення людей під час військових та етнічних протистоянь потребує об’єднання усіх зусиль Світового співтовариства. Розглянуто питання ролі миротворчої діяльності ООН, участі в ній окремих держав, у тому числі й України. Доведено  що війна в Україні, зумовлена військовою агресією РФ,  показала, що світ не став стабільним, оскільки конфлікти спалахують в багатьох країнах, як і в минулі роки. Теперішня війна в Україні, спричинена РФ показала недостатність та малу ефективність підтримки ООН у питанні припинення війни та забезпечені міжнародної безпеки. Встановлено, що історично головна роль НАТО — забезпечення свободи і безпеки країн-членів з використанням політичних і військових засобів. НАТО дотримується цінностей демократії, індивідуальної свободи, верховенства права та мирного розв’язання суперечок. Світовий досвід показує, що нейтралітет сьогодні економічно, політично і безпеково невигідний. Обґрунтовано що нові непередбачувані загрози та виклики безпеці ставлять перед кожною цивілізованою країною проблему вибору: військовий нейтралітет чи участь у системі колективної безпеки. Проти спільної загрози потрібні спільні дії. Характер загрози змінився, необхідні для боротьби з нею засоби – теж, однак принцип залишився тим же самим – колективна оборона країн, об’єднаних спільними цінностями. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що сьогодні українці  засвоюють урок: мирні угоди, підписані урядами, які беруть участь або заохочують до масових порушень прав людини, не мають цінності і не можуть бути реалізовані практично. Доведено, що у такій ситуації не доцільно підтримувати мир за взаємною згодою, його потрібно вирішувати спільними діями. У процесі дослідження автори використовували методи історичного підходу, порівняння, теоретичного узагальнення опису, конкретизації, формалізації, формування пропозицій, надання висновків та узагальнень.
РИНОК ЦІННИХ ПАПЕРІВ У ФІНАНСОВОМУ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ГРОШОВО-КРЕДИТНИХ ВІДНОСИН
Authors: Levandivskyi O.T. , Krykhovetska Z.M. , Matskiv V.V.
Published: June 2022

У статті розглянуто сучасний стан ринку цінних паперів в межах  фінансового забезпечення грошово-кредитних відносин. Визначено основні важелі підтримки вітчизняного ринку цінних паперів. Акцентовано увагу на подальший розвиток грошово-кредитних відносин шляхом використання цінних паперів як інструментів для залучення інвестицій щодо відновлення зруйнованої інфраструктури країни. Наголошується, що подальший розвиток ринку цінних паперів залежить від розвитку економічного потенціалу країни.

Проаналізовано нормативно-правові акти. Розглянуто підходи щодо обігу цінних паперів. Розкрито вплив диджиталізації на появу інноваційних фінансових інструментів. Наголошується, що обіг банківських депозитних сертифікатів сприятиме розвитку ринку цінних паперів та грошово-кредитних відносин. Випуск інфраструктурних облігацій та емісія зелених облігацій сприятимуть підтримці екологізації країни.

Проведено огляд інноваційних фінансових інструментів окремих країн. Розглянуто особливості функціонування ринку цінних паперів за межами країни, показано використання альтернативних фінансових інструментів провідних країн світу. Окреслено механізм проектного фінансування з огляду на появу альтернативних фінансових інструментів. Обґрунтовано напрями застосування механізму проектного фінансування в національній економіці.

На основі досвіду провідних країн світу визначено пріоритети розвитку ринку цінних паперів з урахуванням специфіки функціонування грошово-кредитної системи та економіки України в цілому. Акцентується увага на ліквідності сучасних фінансових інструментів. Пропонується запровадити низку податкових пільг, що пов’язані з обігом окремих фінансових інструментів. Наголошується на необхідності створення інструментарію гарантії захисту іноземних інвестицій.

З огляду на досвід держав світу з організації та використання альтернативних фінансових інструментів залучення коштів в різні сектори економіки свідчить, що їх ефективне застосування можливе у разі вироблення і впровадження єдиної цілісної державної політики, гармонізованої з міжнародним законодавством, яка враховуватиме кращі практики провідних країн світу та особливості національних умов.