bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and voxel-incoherent motion in evaluating microcirculation in rectal cancer
Authors: Yuan Jie , Liu Mengxiao , Tan Wenli , Zhan Songhua
Published: November 2024

Motivation: For the preoperative assessment of rectal cancer microcirculation use DCE ang IVIM. Goal(s): To analyze the correlation between rectal cancer microvascular density, as indicated by CD34 immunohistochemistry, and quantitative parameters obtained from DCE and IVIM MRI. Approach: Assess the correlation between quantitative imaging parameters from DCE and IVIM, and microvascular density. Results: Significant differences in Ktrans and D values among different degrees of rectal cancer differentiation; furthermore, Ktrans, Kep, and D* values exhibited significant correlations with rectal cancer microvascular density, while Ve, D, and f did not show significant correlations. Impact: The validation of the utility of non-invasive MRI techniques, particularly DCE and IVIM, assesses rectal cancer microcirculation, which can enhance early diagnosis and treatment planning for patients, ultimately improving the prognosis and management of rectal cancer.
Diffusion–Based Virtual MR Elastography as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jiejun Chen , Wei Sun , Wentao Wang , Caixia Fu , Shengxiang Rao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Preoperative prediction of tumor recurrence is essential for surveillance and management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Goal(s): To explore the diagnostic performance of virtual magnetic resonance elastography (vMRE) derived from preoperative diffusion-weighted images in predicting HCC recurrence after hepatectomy. Approach: Eighty patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging with a dedicated diffusion-weighted imaging sequence were retrospectively recruited. The parameters derived from vMRE, together with image features, were used to predict tumor recurrence after hepatectomy. Results: The μdiff values of vMRE and corona enhancement are potential biomarkers for the preoperative prediction of recurrence after hepatectomy in patients with HCC. Impact: Our results revealed that preoperative diffusion–based virtual magnetic resonance elastography could be used for preoperative prediction of HCC recurrence without using additional hardware, which might help in deciding on treatment and formulating management strategies for patients with HCC.
In Vivo Measurement of Regional Brain Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) by 31P MR Spectroscopic Imaging at 1.5 T
Authors: Arias-Mendoza Fernando , Nath Kavindra , Srinivasan Ravi , Li Lin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Our incentive is to validate the clinical translation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) indices as biomarkers in aging and neurodegenerative diseases in clinically accessible 1.5T MR scanners. Goal(s): We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of the noninvasive assessment of the NAD indices in the human brain using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 1.5 T. Approach: We used advanced data processing, including principal component analysis, and performed simulations to support quantifying the brain NAD indices using low magnetic fields. Results: Our results demonstrate that total NAD is reliably measured under our conditions, making it a potential metabolic biomarker for aging and neurodegeneration. Impact: Brain nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in aging and neurodegeneration. Its noninvasive measurement by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging on highly accessible 1.5T clinical scanners will facilitate its biomarker development and treatment utility.
Diamagnetic susceptibility and relationship to amyloid burden in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ma Felisha , Sisman Mert , Ashouri Laya , Logan Mackenzie , Hedden Trey , Binder Sara , Delmen Bradley , Balchandani Priti , Alipour Akbar
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder affecting cognitive functions, memory, and behavior, primarily in older adults. It's marked by abnormal protein deposits, including beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain, causing nerve cell dysfunction and death. Goal(s): Positron Emission Tomography (PET) detects beta-amyloid but has limitations. High-resolution MRI imaging can detect beta-amyloid, focusing on diamagnetic properties associated with electron density. Approach: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is particularly effective at 7 Tesla MRI, offering high sensitivity and better neuroanatomy details. Results: The study utilized 7T MRI to measure beta-amyloid's diamagnetic susceptibility in AD patients using separated QSM technique. Impact: In this study we leveraged the high susceptible sensitivity of 7T MRI to measure the diamagnetic susceptibility of beta-amyloid aggregated in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients using separated quantitative susceptibility mapping.
Gray-White Matter Boundary Z-Score and Its Volume as Imaging Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Jahng Geon-Ho , Tian Yunan , Oh Jang-Hoon , Rhee Hak Young , Park Soonchan , Ryu Chang-Woo , Jin Wook
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents typically gray matter atrophy and white matter abnormalities in neuroimaging. Goal(s): Exploring gray-white matter boundary Z-score (gwBZ) and its tissue volume (gwBTV) between patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively normal (CN) elderly participants. Approach: Three-dimensional T1-weight images of a total of 227 participants were acquired to calculate gwBZ and gwBTV, prospectively. Results: Both gwBZ and gwBTV were reduced in AD, were positively correlated with cognitive function, and could accurately discriminate AD from CN . Impact: gwBZ and gwBTV could be a useful tool for monitoring AD progression and diagnosis.
Intracranial atherosclerosis is associated with lower volume in the posterior body and tail of the hippocampus.
Authors: Chowdhury Gulam Mahfuz , Tazwar Mahir , Evia Arnold , Kapasi Alifiya , Agrawal Sonal , Bennett David , Schneider Julie , Arfanakis Konstantinos
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Intracranial atherosclerosis is a common and deleterious age-related neuropathology, however, its association with brain morphometry has not been investigated. Goal(s): To investigate brain morphometric anomalies associated with intracranial atherosclerosis in a large number of community-based older adults. Approach: Ex-vivo brain MRI and detailed neuropathologic examination were combined on 891 community-based older adults. Deformation-based morphometry (DBM) was used to investigate the association of intracranial atherosclerosis with brain morphometric characteristics voxel-wise. Results: Intracranial atherosclerosis was associated with lower volume in the posterior body and tail of the hippocampus in linear regression models controlling for all other neuropathologies. Impact: Intracranial atherosclerosis is the third age-related neuropathology after Alzheimer’s and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) that is shown to be independently associated with lower volume of the hippocampus.
MR-based glymphatic function: association between DTI-ALPS and perivascular space
Authors: JEONG EUNSEON , CHOI YANGSEAN
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The glymphatic system is presumed to be associated with perivascular space (PVS). Goal(s): To identify the relationship between the glymphatic system (ALPS index), PVS, and cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) according to age. Approach: Participants indicated for brain MRI for cognitive decline (n=611) were retrospectively included. The glymphatic function was assessed by ALPS index calculated from diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS). PVS volumes were automatically quantified via deep learning segmentation model. FLAIR WMH were also automatically quantified. Results: ALPS index showed a significant negative correlation with WMH and PVS in the age group of 50–59. Impact: WMH show a negative correlation with ALPS index, indicating poor glymphatic function. However, only age group of 50–59 shows such relationship. This suggests that aging and enlarged PVS might have diminished glymphatic function as reflected in decreased ALPS index.
Design of a segmented RF shield to minimize eddy currents on low-field Halbach MRI systems
Authors: de Vos Bart , O'Reilly Thomas , Remis Rob , Webb Andrew
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Eddy-currents induced in the shielding layer placed between the gradient coils and RF transmit coil can create artefacts and lead to longer echo times. Reducing these currents by segmenting the shield while keeping the noise-reduction properties is important for low-field point-of-care systems. Goal(s): Minimizing eddy currents for transverse B0 magnets while maintaining shielding effectiveness. Approach: The segmentation locations are chosen by taking into account the wire pattern of the RF coil and gradient-induced eddy current simulations. Results: The suggested shield results in a decrease in the measured eddy current effects by a factor of 15, with only a noise increase of 4%. Impact: The proposed shield reduces eddy current effects by a factor of 15, giving the opportunity to achieve shorter echo-times and higher slew rates with fewer distortions on point-of-care low-field systems.
Mitigation of radiated E-field from a 3T MRI system operated without a Faraday shielded room using parallel transmission
Authors: Kazemivalipour Ehsan , Guerin Bastien , Wald Lawrence
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Eliminating the Faraday cage would lower installation costs by ~2X and facilitate deployment of MRI in diverse settings, but requires reducing the Tx system’s electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Goal(s): We employ a parallel transmit (pTx) array and EM absorbers to reduce RF-radiation from a 3T MRI operating without a shielded room, ensuring operation within regulatory limits. Approach: We model a 3T MRI with a CP body coil and design a 16-channel pTx array and EM-absorber to reduce E-field radiation. Performance is assessed with pTx pulse optimization and L-curve analysis. Results: We demonstrate a 2270-fold reduction in radiation compared to the birdcage coil. Impact: By successfully mitigating RF-radiation from MRI systems operated without Faraday cages, this research advances cost-effective MRI installations in diverse clinical/research environments, encouraging further exploration of pTx technology for controlling electromagnetic fields both inside/outside of the body.
Modeling Behavior, Functional Connectomics, and Proteomics in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Fadel Lindsay , Hipskind Elizabeth , Ortiz Caitlyn , Nelson Katherine , Pedersen Steen , Samee Md. Abul Hassan , Pautler Robia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects 50 million people worldwide. Goal(s): Advancements in neuroimaging techniques that can detect deficits prior to significant accumulation of pathology and cognitive decline would aid in early detection, diagnosis, and possible therapeutic intervention. Approach: Resting state fMRI studies have identified early functional connectivity (FC) deficits in memory-related brain regions, preceding cognitive impairment, making it a promising clinical marker for AD. Results: Using an AD mouse model, our study has identified unique patterns of FC changes across disease progression. Using machine learning we are working to establish relationships between neuroimaging and cognitive and proteomic changes. Impact: This study aims to uncover dynamic alterations in functional connectivity and the link to cognitive and proteomic changes using a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease. These findings offer potential insights for early detection and diagnostic advancements in Alzheimer's Disease research.
Characterization of atlas based volumetric changes in unilateral 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson’s rat model
Authors: Rana Bharti , Kumari Sadhana , Kumaran S Senthil , Jain Suman , Chaudhary Shefali
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Manual characterization of brain regions is studied without prior knowledge to identify changes in GM/WM volume in PD. Goal(s): Characterisation of GM and WM changes in 6-OHDA PD model as compared to sham controlApproach: Parcellated the rat brain into predefined regions using a rat atlas and performed the Wilcoxon rank signed rank test to identify significant changes in GM/WM volume. Results: Significant loss in GM volume of a few brain regions in PD and Sham observed in 3rd and 7th week. Increase in WM volume for 3rd week is observed. Impact: We identified GM loss and WM gain in a few brain regions without manual intervention which helps in understanding the structural changes in the whole brain in PD and Sham.
A fMRI study of the face-processing regions in Dog’s brain
Authors: Liu Xueru , Yu Zijuan , Liu Yiwen , Su Zhaomin , Liu Xiaoxiao , Li Jun , Zhuo Yan , Zuo Zhentao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Functional magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly used to study brain function and cognition in domestic dogs. Goal(s): The objective of this study was to acquire the high-quality fMRI data which dogs can be trained to remain awake and still inside MRI scanners and detect the pathway for dog’s face processing. Approach: We use a combination of simulated and real MRI environments to train awake dogs. A visual stimulation paradigm with block design was used to compare activity elicited by human faces against objects. Results: We successfully detect the activation of human faces against scramble objects in occipitalis, ectomarginalis, and ectosylvius medius. Impact: This study provides a process for training dogs for fMRI acquisition while awake and introduces the temporal cortex as candidate to process human faces and dog faces.
Value of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Elastography for Wnt/β-catenin Pathway Activation and MVI Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chong Huanhuan , Lin Huimin , Yang Yuchen , Zhou Jiahao , Wang Yikun , Guo Jing , Li Ruokun , Yan Fuhua
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Non-invasive detection of MVI and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation remains challenging for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Goal(s): To investigate Wnt/β-catenin pathway and MVI expression in HCC using preoperative magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). Approach: Totally, 210 HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy were recruited for preoperative MRE and recurrence-free survival was documented. Tumor c and φ value represented tissue stiffness and viscosity, respectively. Results: The silence of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the presence of MVI-positivity were markedly prone to postoperative recrudescence. Besides, an increased tumor c value was identified as independent risk factors for Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, while a decreased tumor c value was strongly linked to MVI-positivity. Impact: This study focuses on the contribution of biomechanics to HCC aggressiveness within the context of signal pathways and tumor microenvironment, and on clinical significances of integrating MRE into clinical practice for optimizing treatment decisions and enhancing risk stratification in HCC.
Abbreviated MRI as Frontline Screening for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) in Obese Patients with BMI > 32
Authors: Miller Cecilia , De Vol Edward , Chalfin Donald , Chen Yu , Kwan Miki , Ma Molly , Ma Alex , Patel Om , Deshpande Vibhas , Ennis Daniel , Cheung Ramsey , Chang Stephanie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) represents a growing pandemic with obese patients at higher risk. However, obesity limits vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) in frontline screening. Goal(s): We aimed to compare the effect of body mass index (BMI) on diagnostic performance of VCTE and abbreviated MRI. Approach: Patients (N=229) were enrolled into a prospective study with VCTE and a subset (N=59) underwent same-day abbreviated MRI. Results: Patients with BMI > 32 had a higher failure rate of VCTE at 33%, but MRI was diagnostic in all patients. Obese patients with BMI > 32 benefit from proceeding directly to MRI for hepatic evaluation. Impact: Obesity correlates with higher liver fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), but also increases failure of vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) in frontline screening. Abbreviated MRI should be considered a frontline screening modality in obese patients with BMI >32.
Evaluation the value of Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced MRI -derived FLIS and spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) for liver function reserve
Authors: Zou Jie , Jiang Yanli , Jia Fei , Yang Pin , Fan Fengxian , Wang Rui , Wen Tao , Zhang Jing , Ai Kai
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To evaluate the diagnostic value of functional liver imaging score (FLIS) and spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) in patients with chronic liver disease. Goal(s): We expect FLIS and SPSS to have a good correlation with Child-Pugh (CP) class in patients with chronic liver disease. Approach: Analyzed the correlation between MRI parameters and CP class. ROC curves of different indexes were calculated to distinguish CP class. Results: FLIS and three FLIS parameters showed strong to very strong correlation with CP class. The AUC of FLIS is higher than other metrics. The correlation between SPSS and the CP class of CLD patients is not significant. Impact: The presence of SPSS can serve as an imaging biomarker for further stage of cirrhosis, and can indicate cirrhosis patients with SPSS need closer monitoring. We will keep following up the relationship between SPSS and occurrence of malignant liver events.
Non-rigid motion-compensated MR Multitasking for free-breathing low-dose dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the abdomen
Authors: Ma Lingceng , Wu Chaowei , Wang Lixia , Lee Hsu-Lei , Xie Yibin , Pandol Stephen , Gaddam Srinivas , Li Debiao , Christodoulou Anthony
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Efficient image models are needed to enable low-dose, free-breathing quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging in the abdomen. Goal(s): Integrate non-rigid motion compensation (MoCo) into the MR Multitasking framework and evaluate its impact on low-dose, free-breathing abdominal DCE. Approach: Non-rigid MoCo was incorporated into MR Multitasking by directly applying motion fields to eigenimages. This was tested on n=5 healthy volunteers who received 0.02 mmol/kg Gd, only 20% of the standard dose. Results: Non-rigid MoCo of eigenimages was compatible with MR Multitasking. MoCo more efficiently modeled respiratory motion and minimized intra-bin motion, demonstrating potential for improved DCE quantification. Impact: Non-rigid motion compensation reduces intra-bin respiratory motion in low-dose free-breathing, whole-abdomen quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR Multitasking. Low-dose quantitative DCE may benefit longitudinal monitoring of neoadjuvant treatment in patients with borderline resectable/locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Millimetres Matter - Improving registration of DBS MRI using deep learning
Authors: Kashyap Sriranga , Germann Jürgen , Uludağ Kâmil
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Precise electrode localisation in DBS surgery determines success or failure of neurostimulation and associated side-effects. Brainshift and electrode artefacts in post-op MRI complicate registration to pre-op data, impacting the study of immediate and longitudinal clinical outcomes. Goal(s): To develop a new DBS MRI registration framework using deep learning and advanced image processing to overcome limitations of current approaches and improve registration. Approach: Post-op MRI is preprocessed to ameliorate artefacts and an artefact-free image is synthesised using deep learning and super resolution, followed by optimised non-linear registration. Results: Proposed method demonstrably outperforms standard approaches, reducing errors near electrodes and improved matching of brain regions. Impact: This work transforms DBS neuroimage processing offering a means for much improved electrode localisation and assessment of DBS outcomes. It's a promising step towards improved patient care and clinical success. Public availability of our tools will benefit the neuroimaging community.
Visualising and Segmenting the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus at 7T
Authors: Shaw Ross , Gowland Penny , Bagshaw Andrew , Bowtell Richard
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The in-vivo study of the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus is of fundamental interest and relies on the development of a pipeline for visualising and segmenting the structure. Goal(s): Presented is a a potential framework for inducing contrast at the TRN boundary that can guide future studies in creating functional maps of the TRN. Approach: T1 weighted FLASH and susceptibility weighted imaging paradigms are explored in a number of participants and a novel segmentation approach is tested on these data sets. Results: The TRN is visible to a variable degree in all participants and size stable masks of the structure are produced. Impact: This work is a stepping stone in the creation of a robust framework for visualising and segmenting the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus. It can help guide future studies which seek to explore the TRN function in-vivo.
Morning resting hypothalamus connectivity predicts individual differences in accumulated daytime sleepiness
Authors: Mao Tianxin , Guo Bowen , Rao Hengyi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Sleeping well at night and feeling awake in the day play key roles in human health and well-being, yet little research examines how sleep-wake patterns affect daytime sleepiness individually. Goal(s): To investigate inter-individual differences in sleepiness and its neural basis. Approach: Seventy-one healthy adults participated in a fMRI investigation. Results: The findings revealed a substantial negative correlation between the RSFC of the hypothalamus with the dorsal striatum in the morning and the subsequent changes in subjective sleepiness from morning to evening. Impact: These outcomes provide valuable insights into the differential accumulation of subjective sleepiness and underscore the predictive significance of functional connectivity between the hypothalamus and the dorsal striatum in predisposition to sleepiness.
Improving EPI quality with GRAPPA in concurrent fMRI-fMRS at 7T
Authors: Abbasi-Rad Shahrokh , Frost Robert , Jayadev Nutandev , Chang Yulin , Andronesi Ovidiu , Norris David , Kourtzi Zoe , Emir Uzay , van der Kouwe André
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To develop a sequence for high-quality concurrent measurement of BOLD signal changes (fMRI) and biochemicals metabolite concentrations (fMRS). Goal(s): To implement parallel imaging with inline image reconstruction to improve fMRI image quality in concurrent fMRI-fMRS experiments at 7 T. Approach: We modified an fMRS-fMRI sequence to start by acquiring reference lines for GRAPPA reconstruction. Then each TR consists of a semiLASER acquisition for single-voxel MRS, and a GRAPPA-accelerated 3D EPI acquisition. Results: We obtained sufficient tSNR (30) map for the 3D EPI and a high SNR (59) and a narrow linewidth (9 Hz) for the spectrum. Impact: The modified concurrent fMRI-fMRS pulse sequence enhances the fMRI component to enable whole-brain coverage, reduced distortion, and high spatial resolution, providing a powerful tool for neuroscientists to study the dynamics of neurochemicals simultaneous with the BOLD signal.
Bayesian Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction and Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Eldaly Ahmed Karam , Alexander Daniel C.
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Quantification of the effect of sub-sampled k-space data in magnetic resonance image reconstruction by providing joint image reconstruction and uncertainty quantification. Goal(s): Image reconstruction and uncertainty quantification from sub-sampled k-space measurements. Approach: The problem is formulated within a Bayesian framework as an inverse problem, and prior distributions are assigned to the unknown model parameters. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, based on a split-and-augmented Gibbs sampler, is then used to sample the resulting posterior distribution. Results: The model is demonstrated using a real brain image from the human connectome project (HCP) to reconstruct images and provide uncertainty measures from sub-sampled k-space data. Impact: We introduced an image reconstruction and uncertainty quantification algorithm from under-sampled k-space data. The results showed that the algorithm can quantify the effect of reduced samples, enabling fast imaging. Future work can investigate this approach using low-field MRI.
An Updated Quality Assurance Pipeline Addressing Nyquist Ghosting for 7T fMRI
Authors: Qin Bolin , Gao Jia-Hong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The quality of the high-resolution fMRI relies on the stability and high-performance of the ultra-high field scanners. A standardized quality assurance (QA) pipeline for 7T scanners is urgently needed. Goal(s): We aimed to establish a comprehensive QA pipeline for 7T fMRI to monitor the stability and performance of scanners. Approach: First, we designed an agar phantom for 7T fMRI. Second, we optimized the scanning parameters for high-resolution fMRI. Third, we developed an analysis program for QA report addressing Nyquist ghosting. Results: The Nyquist ghosting rate reflected the phase error during acquisition. The QA metrics described the stability and performance of the scanner. Impact: We firstly provide the QA pipeline for 7T high-resolution fMRI. The daily QA scanning routine serves as a valuable tool to monitor the stability and high-performance of the scanners, thereby contributing to the overall quality control of fMRI data.
Radiomic features Based on Multi-sequence MRI Predict Immunohistochemical Biomarkers of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Shen Liting , Chen Xiaojun , Wang Xue , Han Lu , Wu Peng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: A non-invasive, precise, and efficient preoperative evaluation method is crucial for the prognosis of patients with EC. Goal(s): The aim of this study was to construct MRI-based radiomics models to predict immunohistochemical biomarkers and assess the relationship between radiomic features and the Ki-67 proliferation rate in EC. Approach: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to evaluate the performance of the radiomics models. Results: Both single sequence and multi-sequence models demonstrated good diagnostic performance, although the diagnostic performance of multi-sequence models outperformed the single sequence models. Impact: MRI-based radiomic features are promising predictors of immunohistochemistry and prognosis in EC.
Predicting lymph node metastasis in early cervical cancer using spatial features at perfusion habitat Imaging based on DCE-MRI
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Mengchao , Jiang Yueluan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cervical cancer has significant spatial heterogeneity, resulting in tumor recurrence and metastasis. The exploration of tumor spatial features may be valuable for predicting lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer. Goal(s): Combined with landscape ecological analysis and DCE-MRI construction of blood perfusion landscape to predict lymph node metastasis of early cervical cancer. Approach: Based on DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic parameter map, perfusion habitat imaging was constructed, and landscape ecological analysis was introduced to extract the spatial features of habitat imaging. Results: The spatial heterogeneity features of blood perfusion obtained by landscape analysis can predict lymph node metastasis of early cervical cancer. Impact: In this study, we innovatively introduced landscape analysis method to obtain the spatial heterogeneity features of blood perfusion, which demonstrated good performance for predicting lymph node metastasis of early cervical cancer.
Usages of Half Fourier single shot turbo spin echo with deep learning reconstruction and variable flip angle in gynecology
Authors: Kirita Mitsuhiro , Himoto Yuki , Kido Aki , Kurata Yasuhisa , Abe Hiroyasu , Fujimoto Koji , Matsumoto Yuka , Harada Kumi , Morita Satoshi , Mandai Masaki , Nakamoto Yuji
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Without antispasmodics, obtaining T2-weighted images with robustness to artifacts and high tissue contrast is challenging in gynecologic MRI. Goal(s): Our goals were to investigate HASTE with deep learning-reconstruction and a variable flip angle technique (iHASTE) outperforming conventional sequences without antispasmodics, and to explore its clinical usages. Approach: The comparison between iHASTE, HASTE, and BLADE without antispasmodics, and the comparison between iHASTE without antispasmodics and TSE with antispasmodics, were performed. Results: Without antispasmodics, iHASTE outperformed HASTE and BLADE. Compared with TSE with antispasmodics, iHASTE was superior in the robustness to artifact, although inferior in overall imaging quality. Impact: In gynecologic MRI, HASTE with deep learning-reconstruction and a variable flip angle technique could be clinically the first choice when antispasmodics are unavailable. Even with antispasmodics, it could back up deteriorated TSE via artifacts, for its robustness and rapidity.
Automatic Quantification of Image Distortion in Prostate Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
Authors: Sun Haoran , Wang Lixia , Lee Hsu-Lei , Deshpande Vibhas , Han Fei , Li Debiao , Xie Yibin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: DWI is crucial for prostate cancer imaging, but its susceptibility to image distortion poses challenges to reading and leads to a substantial rate of nondiagnostic scans. Goal(s): This study aimed to develop and compare two algorithms for automatic distortion assessment for prostate DWI. Approach: Two automatic distortion assessment methods were developed based on image segmentation, and deformable registration. Both were validated and compared using radiology grading as the reference. Results: Both distortion assessment methods quantified the levels of image distortion in prostate DWI consistent with visual assessments and correlated well with expert ratings. The deformable registration-based approach appeared to outperform its counterpart. Impact: The developed methods for automatic assessment of image distortion may assist in acquiring high-quality prostate DWI and reducing patient recalls.
Predicting Preoperative Pathologic Grades of Bladder Cancer Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion and Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Imaging
Authors: Chang Lingyu , Xu Xinghua , Pylypenko Dmytro , Dou Weiqiang , Yu Dexin , Wang Qing , Wang Fang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Preoperative grading of bladder cancer (BC) impacts the choice of operative modality and prognosis of patients. Goal(s): We aimed to perform an accurate and non-invasive preoperative grading method for BC by MRI sequences. Approach: IVIM as well as APTw imaging were included in this study. Results: The IVIM-related parameter (D, true-diffusion-coefficient) and APTw values were significantly different in low- and high-grade BC. Robust diagnostic efficacies were separately confirmed with high AUCs for IVIM and APTw in BC grading, and the diagnostic efficacy of the combined IVIM and APTw model was significantly higher compared to the individual parameters on their own. Impact: Our findings suggest a complementary effect between the IVIM and APTw imaging parameters The combined model shows promise as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting BC histologic grading, aiding in the development of clinical therapeutic strategies, and assessing prognosis.
Restriction-induced time-varying transcytolemmal exchange rate: Revisiting diffusion MRI-based Kӓrger exchange model
Authors: Shi Diwei , Liu Fan , Li Sisi , Chen Li , Zheng Quanshui , Guo Hua , Xu Junzhong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The diffusion MRI (dMRI) based two-compartmental Kӓrger exchange model is widely used to characterize transcytolemmal water exchange, but the influence of diffusion restriction remains unclear. Goal(s): To investigate how diffusion restriction and other acquisition and microstructural parameters impact the estimation of transcytolemmal water exchange rate constants in the Kӓrger model. Approach: Finite-difference-based numerical simulations were performed to quantitatively investigate time-varying transcytolemmal exchange rates of magnetization. Results: When the compartmental size is large, e.g. 15 μm (close to typical cancer cell sizes), Kӓrger-model-derived exchange rate constants will be significantly dependent on time, diffusion gradient waveforms and microstructural features, resulting in overestimation of water exchange. Impact: This work elucidates the influence of diffusion restriction on the estimation of transcytolemmal water exchange rate constants in the two-compartmental Kӓrger model, revealing that water exchange is overestimated in large compartmental sizes such as in tumors.
Simultaneously T2 and T2* mapping via MOLED acquisition and deep learning for oxygen extraction fraction measurement
Authors: Wu Zejun , Yang Qinqin , Ge Nuowei , Wang Jiechao , Wu Zhigang , Lin Liangjie , Zhu Liuhong , Zhou Jianjun , Bao Jianfeng , Cai Shuhui , Cai Congbo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Quantitative MRI for the measurement of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) offers the advantage of being radiation-free. However, the quantification of T2 and T2∗ parameters still suffers from long acquisition time, especially in dynamic imaging. Goal(s): To evaluate the applicability of ultrafast dynamic multiple overlapping-echo detachment (MOLED) imaging for OEF research. Approach: The MOLED imaging was utilized for rapidly and synchronously mapping T2 and T2∗ to dynamically track OEF changes during both breathing and breath-holding conditions. Results: The time envelope of mean OEF under both breathing and breath-holding is in agreement with the literature reported. Impact: Owing to its fast and dynamic imaging capabilities, the multiple overlapping-echo detachment (MOLED) T2-T2* acquisition has shown great potential in the quantitative measurement of the brain's oxygen metabolism, which holds significant relevance in assisting the diagnosis of diseases.
Reduced FOV Neuromelanin Imaging at 7T using Saturation Bands
Authors: Zhou Xiangzhi , Middlebrooks Erik , Patel Vishal , Ma Jun , Westerhold Erin , Tao Shengzhen , Lin Chen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: GRE based neuromelanin (NM) imaging at 7T is sensitive to B0 field disturbance by patient breathing or even mild head motion. Goal(s): A reduced FOV method is proposed for 7T NM imaging using 3D GRE with three saturation bands for creating MT contrast and reducing ghosting artifacts. Approach: The sequence has bilateral sagittal saturation bands placed in close proximity to the SNc for artifacts and FOV reduction, and the 3rd axial saturation band placed below the SNc for arterial blood suppression. Results: The method yields higher resolution, enhanced NM contrast, and a reduction in artifacts. Impact: The reduced FOV neuromelanin (NM) imaging method using three saturation bands offers higher resolution NM imaging at 7T with improved NM contrast and image quality.
Optimal deep brain stimulation sites pathways and networks for different Symptoms in Dystonia
Authors: Li Yan , Lin Suzhen , Zhang Chencheng , He Naying , Wang Chengyan , Wu Peng , Li Dianyou , Wu Yiwen , Yan Fuhua
Published: November 2024

Motivation: STN-targeted DBS shows promise in Dystonia treatment. However, optimal stimulation sites, pathway modulation, and network effects for different dystonia subtypes are unknown. Goal(s): To examine stimulation sites, pathway modulation, and network effects in dystonia subtypes for personalized DBS interventions. Approach: Retrospective study of 71 dystonia patients undergoing STN-DBS. Clinical outcomes assessed with Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale. Imaging, tissue activation estimation, and pathway/network reconstruction performed using Lead-DBS and Iso2Mesh toolbox. Results: Subtypes have varied stimulation sites. Orofacial group shows positive correlations between VTA-STN intersection and clinical improvement. Dorsolateral STN effective for orofacial and hindlimb symptoms. Targeting lenticular fasciculus benefits orofacial dystonia. Impact: Study proposes a comprehensive model for personalized DBS, improving treatment strategies. Further research needed to validate targets, pathways, and networks, enhancing clinical decision-making and outcomes.
Brain connectome-based prediction of cognitive performance in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Wen , Zhao Xiance , Zhang Bing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Address the common issue of cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, lacking a simple cognitive assessment method. Goal(s): Use a connectome-based prediction model (CPM) to identify neurobiological patterns linked to cognitive performance in T2D patients. Approach: CPM was used with leave-one-out cross-validation on a training cohort of 592 T2D patients and validated the model on two independent sets. Results: CPM successfully predicted cognitive performance, showing replicability. We found differences in network strengths between T2D with and without MCI, indicated high diagnostic potential for MCI. In a treatment sample, the model indicated changes in network strength linked to cognitive improvement. Impact: The whole-brain functional network strengths could serve as a potential neural biomarker of global cognitive performance in T2D.
A preliminary study on the differences in regional changes of neuromelanin and iron in substantia nigra among early parkinsonism
Authors: Chen Yufan , Xu Changyuan , Zhao Yang , Zhuo Mengyuan , Wang Lijuan , Chen Weibo , Gong Tao , Wang Guangbin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Differential diagnosis of parkinsonism is difficult in early stage. Neuromelanin of SN plays an important role in the development of PD, PSP and MSA with iron.Goal(s): To find more neuroimage biomarkers to differentiate early parkinsonism by altered neuromelanin and iron in the level of SN subregions. Approach: We applied the 3D-ME-MTC-NM sequence to differentiate subregions based on the distribution of neuromelanin and iron, measured the volume, CR and/or susceptibility of neuromelanin accumulation, iron deposition and overlap regions. Results: The susceptibility of overlap region increased in early PSP, while no significant difference was seen between PD and MSA. Impact: The alteration of susceptibility in the overlap region may be helpful to identify characteristic changes in parkinsonism via different pathological proteins.
Cerebral neurovascular coupling dysfunction is associated with cognitive decline in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Song Lijun , Yang Wenbo , Li Mingan , Xu Boyan , Yang Zhenghan , Wang Hao , Wang Zhen-chang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The relationship between neurovascular coupling (NVC) dysfunction and cognitive decline in non-dialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease is unclear. Goal(s): Our goal was to explore the pattern of NVC changes in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease and its relationship with cognitive decline. Approach: Analyzing neurovascular coupling patterns at the whole-brain and regional levels based on multimodal coupled neuroimaging. Results: Neurovascular coupling dysfunction associated with cognitive decline in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. Impact: Neurovascular coupling may be a potential mechanism for cognitive decline in non-dialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease.
Structural and Functional Alterations of the Hippocampal Subfields in T2DM with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Yang Chen , Zhang Huiyan , Tan Jian , Zhao Lianping
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Insulin resistance (IR) is a common pathogenic mechanism for cognitive impairment and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but whether it acts independently in T2DM with mild cognitive impairment (T2DM-MCI) is unclear. Goal(s): To explore the relationship between functional and structural alterations of hippocampal subfields and IR in T2DM-MCI patients. Approach: Based on 3D-T1WI and rs-fMRI, we calculated structural and functional alterations of hippocampal subfields in patients with T2DM. Results: This study demonstrates that T2DM-MCI-higherIR group has more severe structural and functional impairments and IR has a main effect on the volume changes of specific hippocampal subfields. Impact: These findings support the important role of IR in T2DM-MCI patients and the structural and functional impairment on specific hippocampal subfield might be potential neuroimaging biomarkers for early identification of brain impairment in T2DM-MCI patients.
MR Elastography Image Reconstruction using Spatio-Temporal Neural Networks-based Regularization
Authors: Martin Stefan , Schünke Patrick , Schattenfroh Jakob , Sack Ingolf , Kolbitsch Christoph , Kofler Andreas
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MR Elastography (MRE) is a quantitative, noninvasive method to map viscoelastic properties in tissue. We propose a method of advanced image reconstruction to increase resolution and accuracy for fast MRE. Goal(s): We aim to reduce scan time and, eventually, enable real-time MRE. Approach: To overcome artifacts resulting from the accelerated data acquisition, we employ a data-driven regularization method. Our approach utilizes a physics-informed convolutional neural network (CNN) that exploits spatio-temporal correlation among the images. Results: We show that the employed spatio-temporal approach can improve the image reconstruction performance and further outperforms iterative SENSE reconstructions and standard 2D U-Net approaches. Impact: Our approach allows for the accurate estimation of elastograms from strongly undersampled data, thus allowing a highly reduced scan time. These improvements will eventually benefit clinical practice, making MRE an even more powerful imaging tool.
Can the Relayed Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Effect at -1.6 ppm Provide Unique Contrast in an Ischemic Stroke Model?
Authors: Tee Yee Kai , Pan Swee Qi , Hayek Rami
Published: November 2024

Motivation: NOE(-1.6 ppm) may provide vital information about a different stage of the ischemic cascade, allowing for a more in-depth analysis of ischemic injury. Goal(s): To investigate whether NOE(-1.6 ppm) can uncover new insights into ischemic injury. Approach: CEST data in an ischemic stroke model were acquired to compare the information provided by NOE(-1.6 ppm) with that obtained from PWI, DWI, and APT. Results: NOE(-1.6 ppm) was observed to be lower in the ischemic region, with the deficit areas being equal to or larger than the ADC deficit areas but smaller than the AREX(3.5 ppm) deficit areas. Impact: NOE(-1.6 ppm) offers unique contrast compared to PWI, DWI, and APT imaging in ischemic tissues. Altogether, the mismatches reveal four zones of increasing sizes within the ischemic tissue, potentially reflecting different pathophysiological information.
A 3D steady-state CEST sequence for in vivo imaging of cerebral blood vessels at 3T
Authors: Liu Chuyu , Chen Zhensen , Li Zhongsen , Chai Xubin , Gao Nan , Song Xiaolei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cerebral blood vessels play key roles in oxygen transportation and nutrition metabolism. MR angiography provides non-invasive and comprehensive information on vessel structure, blood volume and even oxygenation level. A metabolic MR imaging tool for vessels may facilitate more clinical needs. Goal(s): To observe CEST signal in vessels including proteins and peptides, sugars and macromolecule that contains aliphatic protons. Approach: We developed a 3D steady-state vessel-CEST sequence. Sequence parameters were optimized by simulation. Repeatability and difference between arteries and veins were investigated on 8 subujects. Results: Preliminary results demonstrated good repeatability of the pulse sequence, and allow sensitive visualization of blood signal in vessels. Impact: We developed a 3D steady-state CEST sequence for in vivo z-spectra analysis of cerebral vessels.Preliminary results demonstrated good repeatability of the sequence,and difference between arteries and veins were observed.These facts illustrated the potential value in diagnosis of blood metabolism-related diseases.
Unsupervised reconstruction of undersampled 3D whole-heart Cartesian MRimaging using neural fields
Authors: Hernández Bruno , Catalán Tabita , Sahli Francisco , Botnar Rene , Prieto Claudia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: 3D MRI is fundamental for the assessment of cardiovascular disease but suffers from long scan times. Undersampled reconstruction techniques have been proposed to accelerate the acquisition, but require long computational times for training. Goal(s): To develop an unsupervised undersampled reconstruction approach based on implicit neural-field representations for 3D Cartesian MRI. Approach: Dataset was acquired using image-based-navigator (iNAV). iNAV-based translational motion was corrected in k-space. Undersampled reconstruction was performed using a Neural-Fields. The method is evaluated on undersampled multi-coil data in comparison to a state-of-the-art. Results: The feasible reconstruction results show similar image quality to the state-of-the-art reference, holding promise for future clinical evaluation. Impact: The method proposed can be generalized to any context of reconstruction. The use in digital devices is feasible, ensuring its possible medical use. Furthermore, this work methodology could allow the use of the net architecture given for other research contexts.
Single-Shot Propeller Turbo Spin Echo EPI with Model-Based Distortion Correction for Ultra Fast Abdominal T2 Mapping
Authors: Li Zhitao , Liao Congyu , Cao Xiaozhi , Setsompop Kawin , Vasanawala Shreyas
Published: November 2024

Motivation: T2 mapping is limited by slow acquisition speed and/or are susceptible to motion artifacts, this study aims to develop a ultra fast T2 mapping technique for abdominal imaging. Goal(s): This study explores the possibility of using a single-shot propeller TSE EPI sequence for abdominal T2 mapping with model-based reconstruction technique for EPI distortion correction with a self-generated B0 map. Approach: The distortion technique is tested both on the brain and abdominal contrast images. T2 mapping with distortion correction is validated in the abdomen. Results: The proposed technique is able to generate distortion-corrected images, and provide accurate T2 maps of the liver. Impact: This preliminary study showed the feasibility to provide distortion-corrected T2 maps from a single-shot TSE EPI sequence with a speed of <0.5 seconds/slice. The early results showed that this technique can significantly reduce distortion and provide accurate liver T2 maps.
k-space Based Signal Processing Approach for Automated Detection of Streaky Coils in Radial k-space Sampling MRI
Authors: Bishara Dima , Fan Lexiaozi , Li Zhitao , Lee Daniel , Kim Daniel
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Radial k-space sampling is preferred over cartesian k-space sampling due to its many advantages. One major drawback of radial k-space is the streaking artifacts that arise from the non-linear gradients from the peripheral of FOV. Goal(s): The goal of this study is to reduce streaky artifacts. Approach: We developed an algorithm that aims to detect the streaky coils based on post-processing of the coils’ images and then remove these streaky coils for a cleaner image. Results: Our results show that the proposed method precisely predicts streaky coils and improves the appearance of streaky artifacts in the CS reconstruction after removing the selected coils. Impact: Radial k-space sampling is improved using our new precise streaky coils detection algorithm that effectively removes them to produce a clean image with no streaky artifacts. An unmet need in the radial k-space sampling in the MRI field in general.