bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of candidate neoantigens produced by fusion transcripts in human osteosarcomas
Authors: Rathe Susan K. , Popescu Flavia E. , Johnson James E. , Watson Adrienne L. , Marko Tracy A. , Moriarity Branden S. , Ohlfest John R. , Largaespada David A.
Published: January 2019

Osteosarcomas are characterized by highly disrupted genomes. Although osteosarcomas lack common fusions, we find evidence of many tumour specific gene-gene fusion transcripts, likely due to chromosomal rearrangements and expression of transcription-induced chimeras. Most of the fusions result in out-of-frame transcripts, potentially capable of producing long novel protein sequences and a plethora of neoantigens. To identify fusions, we explored RNA-sequencing data to obtain detailed knowledge of transcribed fusions, by creating a novel program to compare fusions identified by deFuse to de novo transcripts generated by Trinity. This allowed us to confirm the deFuse results and identify unusual splicing patterns associated with fusion events. Using various existing tools combined with this custom program, we developed a pipeline for the identification of fusion transcripts applicable as targets for immunotherapy. In addition to identifying candidate neoantigens associated with fusions, we were able to use the pipeline to establish a method for measuring the frequency of fusion events, which correlated to patient outcome, as well as highlight some similarities between canine and human osteosarcomas. The results of this study of osteosarcomas underscores the numerous benefits associated with conducting a thorough analysis of fusion events within cancer samples.
Discovery and evaluation of inhibitor of LARP6 as specific antifibrotic compound
Authors: Stefanovic Branko , Manojlovic Zarko , Vied Cynthia , Badger Crystal-Dawn , Stefanovic Lela
Published: January 2019

Fibrosis is characterized by excessive production of type I collagen. Biosynthesis of type I collagen in fibrosis is augmented by binding of protein LARP6 to the 5′ stem-loop structure (5′SL), which is found exclusively in type I collagen mRNAs. A high throughput screen was performed to discover inhibitors of LARP6 binding to 5′SL, as potential antifibrotic drugs. The screen yielded one compound (C9) which was able to dissociate LARP6 from 5′ SL RNA in vitro and to inactivate the binding of endogenous LARP6 in cells. Treatment of hepatic stellate cells (liver cells responsible for fibrosis) with nM concentrations of C9 reduced secretion of type I collagen. In precision cut liver slices, as an ex vivo model of hepatic fibrosis, C9 attenuated the profibrotic response at 1 μM. In prophylactic and therapeutic animal models of hepatic fibrosis C9 prevented development of fibrosis or hindered the progression of ongoing fibrosis when administered at 1 mg/kg. Toxicogenetics analysis revealed that only 42 liver genes changed expression after administration of C9 for 4 weeks, suggesting minimal off target effects. Based on these results, C9 represents the first LARP6 inhibitor with significant antifibrotic activity.
Residential relocation and obesity after a natural disaster: A natural experiment from the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Hikichi H. , Aida J. , Kondo K. , Tsuboya T. , Kawachi I.
Published: January 2019

Natural disasters are often associated with forced residential relocation, thereby affected people experience a change of food environment that results in the increased body mass index. However, there are a few studies that examined whether a change in food environment caused risk of obesity after a natural disaster. To address this question, we leveraged a natural experiment of residential relocation in the aftermath of the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Our baseline data came from a nationwide cohort study of older community-dwelling adults conducted 7 months prior to the disaster. By chance, one of the field sites (Iwanuma City, Miyagi Prefecture) was directly in the line of the tsunami. Approximately 2.5 years after the disaster, we ascertained the residential addresses and health status of 3,594 survivors aged 65 years or older (82.1% follow-up rate). Fixed effects multinomial logistic regression showed that shortened distances to food outlets/bars increased the risks of transitioning from BMI in the normal range (18.5–22.9) to obesity (≥25.0) (Odds ratios: 1.46 for supermarkets; 1.43 for bars; 1.44 times for fast food outlets). Radically changed food access after a natural disaster may raise the risk of obesity among older survivors.
Proliferation-related changes in K+ content in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Marakhova Irina , Domnina Alisa , Shatrova Alla , Borodkina Aleksandra , Burova Elena , Pugovkina Natalja , Zemelko Victoria , Nikolsky Nikolay
Published: January 2019

Intracellular monovalent ions have been shown to be important for cell proliferation, however, mechanisms through which ions regulate cell proliferation is not well understood. Ion transporters may be implicated in the intracellular signaling: Na+ and Cl− participate in regulation of intracellular pH, transmembrane potential, Ca2+ homeostasis. Recently, it is has been suggested that K+ may be involved in “the pluripotency signaling network”. Our study has been focused on the relations between K+ transport and stem cell proliferation. We compared monovalent cation transport in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at different passages and at low and high densities of culture as well as during stress-induced cell cycle arrest and revealed a decline in K+ content per cell protein which was associated with accumulation of G1 cells in population and accompanied cell proliferation slowing. It is suggested that cell K+ may be important for successful cell proliferation as the main intracellular ion that participates in regulation of cell volume during cell cycle progression. It is proposed that cell K+ content as related to cell protein is a physiological marker of stem cell proliferation and may be used as an informative test for assessing the functional status of stem cells in vitro.
Mapping key amino acid residues for the epimerase efficiency and stereospecificity of the sex pheromone biosynthetic short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases of Nasonia
Authors: Semmelmann Florian , Hofferberth John , Ruther Joachim , Sterner Reinhard
Published: January 2019

Males of the parasitic wasp genus Nasonia use blends of chiral hydroxylactones as sex pheromones to attract conspecific females. Whereas all Nasonia species use a mixture of (4R,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (RS) and 4-methylquinazoline (MQ) as sex pheromones, Nasonia vitripennis evolved (4R,5R)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (RR) as an extra sex pheromone component. We recently identified and functionally characterized three short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) NV10127, NV10128, and NV10129 that are capable of catalyzing the epimerization of RS to RR via (4R)-5-oxo-4-decanolide (ODL) as intermediate. Despite their very high sequence identities of 88–98%, these proteins differ drastically in their ability to epimerize RS to RR and in their stereoselectivity when reducing ODL to RR/RS. Here, in order to unravel the sequence differences underlying these varying functional properties of NV1027, NV10128 and NV10129, we created chimeras of the three enzymes and monitored their catalytic activities in vitro. The results show that a few amino acid changes at the C-termini and active sites of Nasonia vitripennis SDRs lead to substantially altered RS to RR epimerization and ODL-reduction activities. Thus, our study adds to the understanding of pheromone evolution by showing that subtle mutations in key biosynthetic enzymes can result in drastic effects on the composition of chemical signals.
Administration of N-Acyl-Phosphatidylethanolamine Expressing Bacteria to Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor−/− Mice Improves Indices of Cardiometabolic Disease
Authors: May-Zhang Linda S. , Chen Zhongyi , Dosoky Noura S. , Yancey Patricia G. , Boyd Kelli L. , Hasty Alyssa H. , Linton MacRae F. , Davies Sean S.
Published: January 2019

Obesity increases the risk for cardiometabolic diseases. N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are precursors of N-acylethanolamides, which are endogenous lipid satiety factors. Incorporating engineered bacteria expressing NAPEs into the gut microbiota retards development of diet induced obesity in wild-type mice. Because NAPEs can also exert anti-inflammatory effects, we hypothesized that administering NAPE-expressing bacteria to low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)−/− mice fed a Western diet would improve various indices of cardiometabolic disease manifested by these mice. NAPE-expressing E. coli Nissle 1917 (pNAPE-EcN), control Nissle 1917 (pEcN), or vehicle (veh) were given via drinking water to Ldlr−/− mice for 12 weeks. Compared to pEcN or veh treatment, pNAPE-EcN significantly reduced body weight and adiposity, hepatic triglycerides, fatty acid synthesis genes, and increased expression of fatty acid oxidation genes. pNAPE-EcN also significantly reduced markers for hepatic inflammation and early signs of fibrotic development. Serum cholesterol was reduced with pNAPE-EcN, but atherosclerotic lesion size showed only a non-significant trend for reduction. However, pNAPE-EcN treatment reduced lesion necrosis by 69% indicating an effect on preventing macrophage inflammatory death. Our results suggest that incorporation of NAPE expressing bacteria into the gut microbiota can potentially serve as an adjuvant therapy to retard development of cardiometabolic disease.
Properties and Applications of Layered Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Huang Yajie , Hu Bingkun , Li Liangliang
Published: January 2019

An interesting fact is that many promising thermoelectric materials possess layered structures. Recently, layered thermoelectric materials such as Bi2Te3, SnSe, and BiCuSeO have attracted tremendous research interest because of their intrinsically high figure of merit (zT). In this chapter, we summarize the research status of several layered thermoelectric material systems including Bi2Te3, SnSe, BiCuSeO, and AgCrSe2, and introduce some thermoelectric devices based on these layered materials.
Graphene–Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Films for High-performance Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Glukhova O. E. , Slepchenkov M. M.
Published: January 2019

In this work, perspectives of using mono- and bilayer graphene–carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid films in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices were investigated using in silico methods. The atomic structure of a graphene–CNT hybrid film is formed by graphene layers with nanotubes between them, which have sp3-hybridized atoms and form covalent bonds with graphene. Atomistic models of hybrid films with equilibrium configurations were obtained using an original technique called the magnifying glass method. For constructed models of mono- and bilayer hybrid films the density of electronic states (DOS) and the band structure were calculated by the self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding quantum (SCC DFTB) method. The relationship between the chirality of the nanotubes and the conductivity of a graphene–CNT hybrid film was established. The regularities of the current flow in graphene–CNT films were investigated using the apparatus of the Keldysh Green's functions and the Landauer–Buttiker formalism. The influence of the diameter of the tubes and the inter-tube distance on the resistance and static electrical conductivity of a graphene–CNT film was investigated. The coefficients of transmittance, reflection and absorption of two types of electromagnetic waves (H-wave and E-wave) for graphene–CNT films were calculated in the framework of Maxwell's classical theory of electromagnetism. The relationship between the transmittance coefficient and the surface resistance of a hybrid film was established.
High Electrocatalytic Performance of Two-dimensional Layered MoS2-based Materials for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jayabal Subramaniam , Geng Dongsheng
Published: January 2019

Hydrogen, as a clean and low-cost energy source, has received great interest owing to its renewability and high energy density. Electrocatalytic water splitting is considered to be one of the most environmentally-friendly and economical strategies for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in modern society. Two-dimensional (2D) layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted considerable interest as a substitute for noble metal catalysts due to its unexpected physical, electronic, chemical, and optical properties as well as its natural abundance. During recent years, a number of potential 2D layered MoS2-based electrocatalysts have been investigated for the HER. This chapter provides a summary of the current research and recent advances in 2D layered MoS2-based materials and an understanding of the high electrocatalytic performance in the HER. The corresponding electrocatalytic performance, critical issues, and current strategies for improving the performance for the HER are discussed and we finally outline the existing challenges and future opportunities.
Redox-responsive interleukin-2 nanogel specifically and safely promotes the proliferation and memory precursor differentiation of tumor-reactive T-cells
Authors: Xie Yu-Qing , Arik Hacer , Wei Lixia , Zheng Yiran , Suh Heikyung , Irvine Darrell J. , Tang Li
Published: January 2019

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent T-cell mitogen that can adjuvant anti-cancer adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy by promoting T-cell engraftment.
A first phosphine oxide-based extractant with high Am/Cm selectivity
Authors: Matveev P. I. , Borisova N. E. , Andreadi N. G. , Zakirova G. G. , Petrov V. G. , Belova E. V. , Kalmykov S. N. , Myasoedov B. F.
Published: January 2019

A new phosphine oxide ligand demonstrates high selectivity for the Am–Cm pair with SF = 2.9–3.5 and the Am–Eu pair with SF = 7.3–8.5 in the range of 0.1–3 M nitric acid.
Synthesis and catalytic activity of tridentate N-(2-pyridylethyl)-substituted bulky amidinates of calcium and strontium
Authors: Krieck Sven , Kalden Diana , Oberheide Ansgar , Seyfarth Lydia , Arndt Hans-Dieter , Görls Helmar , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: January 2019

Sterically protected tridentate amidinates of calcium have been prepared to study the intramolecular hydroamination of an aminoalkene.
Synthesis and X-ray study of dispiro 8-nitroquinolone analogues and their cytotoxic properties against human cervical cancer HeLa cells
Authors: Shyamsivappan Selvaraj , Vivek Raju , Saravanan Arjunan , Arasakumar Thangaraj , Subashini Gopalan , Suresh Thangaraj , Shankar Ramasamy , Mohan Palathurai Subramaniam
Published: January 2019

A series of unique dispiro 8-nitroquinolone analogues has been obtained through a one pot three-component reaction.
The impact of tomato fruits containing multi-walled carbon nanotube residues on human intestinal epithelial cell barrier function and intestinal microbiome composition
Authors: Lahiani Mohamed H. , Khare Sangeeta , Cerniglia Carl E. , Boy Ramiz , Ivanov Ilia N. , Khodakovskaya Mariya
Published: January 2019

Residues of Carbon Nanotubes in tomato fruits are too low to show significant impact on epithelial cell barrier and microbiome composition.
Doping of thiolate protected gold clusters through reaction with metal surfaces
Authors: Kazan Rania , Müller Ulrich , Bürgi Thomas
Published: January 2019

New method to dope gold nanoclusters by using metal surfaces of silver, copper and cadmium as sources of heteroatoms.
Hybrid hollow spheres of carbon@CoxNi1−xMoO4 as advanced electrodes for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Lin Junsheng , Yao Lei , Li Zheling , Zhang Peixin , Zhong Wenhua , Yuan Qiuhua , Deng Libo
Published: January 2019

Hollow carbon nanospheres decorated with CoxNi1−xMoO4 nanosheets showed extraordinary rate performance and cycling stability as electrodes in supercapacitors.
Metal-free photoinitiated controlled cationic polymerization of isopropyl vinyl ether using diaryliodonium salts
Authors: Nishikawa Tsuyoshi , Kanazawa Arihiro , Aoshima Sadahito
Published: January 2019

Metal-free photoinitiated controlled cationic polymerization of isopropyl vinyl ether proceeded via the spontaneous cleavage of the carbon–iodine bonds at the propagating ends.
Mechanism of surface treatments on carbon nanotube transparent conductive films by three different reagents
Authors: Gu Ze-Zeng , Jia Song-Lin , Li Guangfen , Li Chunqing , Wu Yan-Qi , Geng Hong-Zhang
Published: January 2019

Comparative studies of sheet resistance and transmittance of CNT-TCFs treated by three different reagents were performed. The mechanism of an oxidation effect for removal of SDBS in CNT-TCFs by nitric acid was suggested.
Synthesis and evaluation of the SERS effect of Fe3O4–Ag Janus composite materials for separable, highly sensitive substrates
Authors: Li Yanlin , Yang Sen , Lu Xuegang , Duan Wenyuan , Moriga Toshihiro
Published: January 2019

Fe3O4–Ag Janus composites were synthesized using a two-step solvothermal method.
Hybrid synthesis of zirconium oxycarbide nanopowders with defined and controlled composition
Authors: Hauser Daniel , Auer Andrea , Kunze-Liebhäuser Julia , Schwarz Sabine , Bernardi Johannes , Penner Simon
Published: January 2019

A combined synthesis strategy involving a carbothermal reduction and gelation approach with glycine as gelating agent was used to obtain Zr-based (oxy)carbide materials with defined and controlled composition.
Moving mechanisms of the three-phase contact line in a water–decane–silica system
Authors: Zheng Wenxiu , Sun Chengzhen , Wen Boyao , Bai Bofeng
Published: January 2019

Wettability-related moving mechanisms of the three-phase contact line with one liquid phase composed of chain molecules are revealed.
The physics of open systems for the simulation of complex molecular environments in soft matter
Authors: Ciccotti Giovanni , Delle Site Luigi
Published: January 2019

Multiscale molecular dynamics of open systems represents a powerful tool of investigation in soft matter.
Metal-free graphdiyne doped with sp-hybridized boron and nitrogen atoms at acetylenic sites for high-efficiency electroreduction of CO2 to CH4 and C2H4
Authors: Zhao Jia , Chen Zhe , Zhao Jingxiang
Published: January 2019

By carefully controlling the kinds and sites of the B or N dopant, graphdiyne can be utilized as a metal-free electrocatalyst with high-efficiency and high selectivity for CO2 reduction to C1 and C2 products.
Crosslinked and dopant free hole transport materials for efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Yun , Kou Chun , Zhang Junjie , Liu Yahui , Li Wenhua , Bo Zhishan , Shao Ming
Published: January 2019

A series of crosslinked diphenylamine derivatives have been developed and employed as hole transport materials in inverted p–i–n planar perovskite solar cells, which exhibit the significantly improved device efficiency and stability.
Copolymers containing carbohydrates and other biomolecules: design, synthesis and applications
Authors: Ma Zhiyuan , Zhu X. X.
Published: January 2019

This review highlights recent progress in random and block copolymers containing sugar and other biocompounds, including their design, synthesis, properties and selected applications.
Core–shell noble-metal@zeolitic-imidazolate-framework nanocarriers with high cancer treatment efficiency in vitro
Authors: He Liangcan , Pang Kanglei , Liu Wenwen , Tian Yue , Chang Lin , Liu Xu , Zhao Meiting , Liu Yong , Li Yantao , Jiang Xingyu , Song Rui , Liu Yaling
Published: January 2019

Core–shell Au@zeolitic-imidazolate-framework nanocarriers with high drug-loading, controlled drug release properties, and high cancer treatment efficiency.
Hot off the press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: January 2019

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as vlasoulamine A from Vladimiria souliei.
Nupr1 regulates palmitate-induced apoptosis in human articular chondrocytes
Authors: Tan Li , Yammani Raghunatha R.
Published: January 2019

Obesity, a major risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA), is associated with increased circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFA). However, the role of these FFAs in OA pathophysiology is not clearly understood. In the present study, we found that palmitate treatment of human primary articular chondrocytes increased the expression of ER stress markers [activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)] and apoptosis markers [cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3)]. Palmitate treatment also increased the expression of Nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1) and tribbles related protein 3 (TRB3), which are known negative regulators of cell survival pathways. Knockdown of Nupr1 or CHOP expression inhibited palmitate mediated increased expression of TRB3 and CC3, indicating that Nupr1 and CHOP cooperate to regulate cell survival and apoptotic pathways in human chondrocytes. Nupr1 knockdown had no effect on CHOP expression whereas CHOP knockdown abolished the palmitate-mediated Nupr1 expression, indicating that CHOP is functional upstream to Nupr1 in this pathway. Moreover, overexpression of Nupr1 markedly increased the basal expression of pro-apoptotic molecules, including cytochrome c and CC3. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Nupr1 plays a crucial role in palmitate-induced apoptosis in human chondrocytes and Nupr1 as a potential novel drug target for the treatment of OA.
Nanometre-scale infrared chemical imaging of organic matter in ultra-carbonaceous Antarctic micrometeorites (UCAMMs)
Authors: Mathurin Jérémie , Dartois Emmanuel , Pino Thomas , Engrand Cécile , Duprat Jean , Deniset-Besseau Ariane , Borondics Ferenc , Sandt Christophe , Dazzi Alexandre
Published: January 2019

Aims. The composition of comets and asteroids sheds light on the formation and early evolution of the solar system. The study of micrometeorites containing large concentrations of carbonaceous material (i.e. ultra-carbonaceous antarctic micrometeorites, UCAMMs) allows for unique information on the association of minerals and organics at surface of icy objects (comets) to be obtained.

Methods. In this work we map the organic matter of UCAMMs collected in the Antarctic snow, at sub-wavelength spatial scales using the Atomic Force Microscope InfraRed (AFMIR) technique. The sample preparation did not involve any chemical pretreatment to extract organic matter. The AFMIR measurements were performed on a limited spectral coverage (1900–1350 cm−1) allowing chemical functional groups to be imaged at spatial scales relevant to the study of micrometeorites.

Results. The AFMIR images reveal the variability of the functional groups at very small scales and the intimate association of carbon- and oxygen-bearing chemical bonds. We demonstrate the possibility to potentially separate the olefinic and aromatic C=C bonding in the subcomponents of the UCAMM fragment. These variations probably originate in the early mixing of the different reservoirs of organic matter constituting these dust particles. The measurements demonstrate the potential for analysing such complex organic-matter – mineral association at scales below the diffraction limit. The development of such studies and extension to the full infrared range spectral coverage will drive a new view on the vibrational infrared analysis of interplanetary material.
Solar wind charge exchange in cometary atmospheres
Authors: Simon Wedlund Cyril , Behar Etienne , Kallio Esa , Nilsson Hans , Alho Markku , Gunell Herbert , Bodewits Dennis , Beth Arnaud , Gronoff Guillaume , Hoekstra Ronnie
Published: January 2019

Context. Solar wind charge-changing reactions are of paramount importance to the physico-chemistry of the atmosphere of a comet because they mass-load the solar wind through an effective conversion of fast, light solar wind ions into slow, heavy cometary ions. The ESA/Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) provided a unique opportunity to study charge-changing processes in situ.

Aims. To understand the role of charge-changing reactions in the evolution of the solar wind plasma and to interpret the complex in situ measurements made by Rosetta, numerical or analytical models are necessary.

Methods. An extended analytical formalism describing solar wind charge-changing processes at comets along solar wind streamlines is presented. It is based on a thorough book-keeping of available charge-changing cross sections of hydrogen and helium particles in a water gas.

Results. After presenting a general 1D solution of charge exchange at comets, we study the theoretical dependence of charge-state distributions of (He2+, He+, He0) and (H+, H0, H−) on solar wind parameters at comet 67P. We show that double charge exchange for the He2+−H2O system plays an important role below a solar wind bulk speed of 200 km s−1, resulting in the production of He energetic neutral atoms, whereas stripping reactions can in general be neglected. Retrievals of outgassing rates and solar wind upstream fluxes from local Rosetta measurements deep in the coma are discussed. Solar wind ion temperature effects at 400 km s−1 solar wind speed are well contained during the Rosetta mission.

Conclusions. As the comet approaches perihelion, the model predicts a sharp decrease of solar wind ion fluxes by almost one order of magnitude at the location of Rosetta, forming in effect a solar wind ion cavity. This study is the second part of a series of three on solar wind charge-exchange and ionization processes at comets, with a specific application to comet 67P and the Rosetta mission.
On the 1d wave equation in time-dependent domains and the problem of debond initiation
Authors: Lazzaroni Giuliano , Nardini Lorenzo
Published: January 2019

Motivated by a debonding model for a thin film peeled from a substrate, we analyse the one-dimensional wave equation, in a time-dependent domain which is degenerate at the initial time. In the first part of the paper we prove existence for the wave equation when the evolution of the domain is given; in the second part of the paper, the evolution of the domain is unknown and is governed by an energy criterion coupled with the wave equation. Our existence result for such coupled problem is a contribution to the study of crack initiation in dynamic fracture.
Gray Assessment of Equipment Maintenance Support Capability Based on the Structure Entropy Weight Method
Authors: Huang Tao , Xiang Jiaqi , Yu Hongmin
Published: January 2019

The influencing factors which about equipment maintenance support abilities are analysed and the index system that is used to evaluate equipment support abilities are constructed in the paper. Then, the weight of the index is determined by the structure entropy weight method which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative. The comprehensive evaluation model of equipment maintenance support abilities are constructed by combining gray clustering evaluation theory. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the model are verified by an example.
Research on Dynamic Balance Adjustment Method of Single Braced Frame Gyroscope Rotor
Authors: Hou Xukui , Wang Ende , Cao Hui , Zhu Yalong , Qi Kai
Published: January 2019

The uneven mass distribution of gyro rotors results in vibration, rotation and drift of gyro rotors, which seriously affect the performance index and life of gyro rotors. However, because there is no rigid connection between the rotary shaft and the shell of the gyro rotor, the dynamic balancing machine can only balance the vibration component of the single braced frame gyroscope rotor, and can’t measure the gyro rotor’s rotation component. By analyzing the influence of uneven rotor mass distribution on the gyro rotor performance, a method of eliminating two rotational degrees of freedom of the gimbal in gyro rotor by mandrel is proposed, which makes the dynamic balancing machine directly measure the vibration component and the moving component of the gyroscope rotor, and simplifies the dynamic balancing debugging process.
Research on Urea-related Deposit in the Exhaust Pipe of SCR System
Authors: Zhu Neng , Lv Lin , Chen Shi
Published: January 2019

At present, numbers of commercial vehicles equipped with SCR system have been observed to generate deposit on exhaust pipe wall after operation for a certain time. Deposits can be hardly dissolved in water and decomposed by heating. Once formed up, deposits are so hard to be cleaned that bringing significant influence on the SCR system and engine. In this paper, deposits in exhaust pipes for automotive diesel engines were studied by thermo-gravimetric (TG) analysis method. According to the TG results, we can see that inhibition of the polymerization reaction of HNCO to generate high polymer is the basic way to avoid deposits. Finally, we solve the deposit problem by leading the injector forward 2600 mm and wrapping the whole exhaust pipe with heat preservation material.
Damage Identification of Plate Structure Based on the Method of Modal Flexibility Curvature Difference
Authors: Zhao Jiangang , Zhang Yuxiang , Chen Jiazhao
Published: January 2019

According to the higher order modes of the structure are difficult to extract and the lower order are easy to obtain in practice, it is put forward that only uses the parameters of lower or first-order modal to constitute the modal flexibility curvature difference (MFCD) as the index of damage identification, which based on the flexibility matrix of structure being sensitive to the structure modal characteristics. Numerical analysis is made on different damage conditions of a plate structure, and the result shows that the MFCD can not only accurately identify the single-damage and multi-damage position of plate structure, but also reflect the size of damage degree. It has a great significance to apply the index into the range of damage identification of actual structures.
Design of Small Lawn Garbage Sweeper
Authors: Meng Chao-ying , Sheng Ya-dong
Published: January 2019

In view of the fact that the leaves and white garbage in the lawns are difficult to clean, this paper designed a small lawn garbage sweeper. The motor drives the cleaning roller and the traveling mechanism to realize the automatic cleaning and recycling of garbage. The author designed a filter compartment and a compacting mechanism in the recycling bin to complete the preliminary screening of the garbage. Finally, the static analysis of the rear axle was carried out by ANSYS software, showing that the axle can meet its stiffness requirements.
Investigation of the Effect of Rotation Speed on Vibration Responses of Transmission System
Authors: Liu Xiaogang , Wu Zhaoyu , Lu Jie , Xu Jinli
Published: January 2019

In the operating process, it is found the vibration of main reducer reaches a maximum value when certain types of vehicles are running at a speed around 4000 RPM. However, how the rotation speed of engine affects the vibration responses to automobile transmission system has not been investigated theoretically in details. To investigate this problem, the transmission system of automobile is simplified to a drive-final shaft system in this research, and a coupled vibration model of drive-final shaft system is developed. This model is used to simulate the vibration response to transmission system at different rotation speeds. Simulation results show that the torsional vibration responses reach the maximum when the rotation speeds are 3800 RPM and 4200 RPM and the vibration responses of pinion reach the maximum value when the rotation speeds are 4000 RPM and 4200 RPM. Moreover, finite element analysis is conducted to investigate the reason for this phenomenon. It is found that the torsional vibration responses reach the maximum value when the excitation frequency of engine is close to the resonance frequency of drive shafts. This research provides an effective method to analyse the vibration characteristics of automobile transmission system.
Numerical Study on Heat Transfer of Gaseous Nitrogen Thermoregulation System in Thermal Vacuum Chamber
Authors: Ying Zhou , Chao He , Bai Bing , Ning Juan
Published: January 2019

Extensive numerical study on the heat transfer performance of the gaseous nitrogen (GN) thermoregulation shroud surface was conducted in this work. The average heat transfer coefficient was investigated under different shroud length and nitrogen parameters (such as velocity, temperature and mass flow rate). The result shows that the heat transfer performance is affected less by shroud length but largely by mass flow rate. When the mass flow rate is constant, the inlet temperature increases heat transfer coefficient. Finally, dimensionless correlation of the average Nusselt number over shroud surface with Reynolds number and Prandtl number was obtained.
Dynamic Finite Element Model Updating for On-load Tap Changer based on Super-model
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Zou Hongseng , Hui Miao , Dapeng Chen , Lin Guo
Published: January 2019

A method is presented for dynamic model updating of on-load tap changer (OLTC). Based on a sensitivity-based optimization method, the initial simplified finite element (FE) model of OLTC component is updated using the analytical results of the FE super-model. The objective of model updating is to reduce the frequency difference between the simplified FE model and the super-model, and to make the simplified model accurately represent dynamic characteristics of the super-model. The updated simplified models can be further used in the modeling and analysis of the whole OLTC model. The results, taking the base of OLTC as example, indicate that the dynamic behavior of the updated simplified model match well with that of the super-model. Subsequently, the dynamic behavior of OLTC assembled with the updated parts is further predicted by modal analysis. The presented method improves the calculation efficiency, as well as accuracy, which has broad application prospects for dynamic prediction of complex structures in engineering.
A Cable-net Form-finding Process for an Up-down Asymmetric Rim Truss
Authors: Ding Yankang , Zihan Sun , Yang Dongwu , Zhang Yiqun , Li Na
Published: January 2019

Traditional AstroMesh cable-net reflectors were deployed via a parallelogram mechanism, which provides symmetric supporting points for the front and rear nets and determines the height of stowed rim truss. In order to further reduce the height of stowed rim truss, a new up-down asymmetric rim truss was proposed without matched cable-net form-finding approach. This paper aims at designing a matched cable-net form-finding process for the new structure.
Verzeichnis aller Materia medica-Beiträge in 62 Jahren ZKH
Authors: Lucae Christian
Published: January 2019

In den 62 Jahrgängen der Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie (ZKH) sind zahlreiche wegweisende Beiträge zur Materia medica erschienen. Die Suche nach Artikeln zu einer bestimmten homöopathischen Arznei war jedoch umständlich und zeitaufwändig, da ein entsprechendes Verzeichnis fehlte. Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden alle Jahrgänge Heft für Heft durchgesehen, um sämtliche Materia medica-Beiträge in einem einheitlichen Schema zu erfassen. Anhand der in alphabetischer Reihenfolge aufgelisteten Arzneien können die zugehörigen Aufsätze nun problemlos in einem Register aufgefunden werden.
Homöopathisch behandelte Akuterkrankungen mit einem auffallend raschen Heilungsverlauf
Authors: Thomas Christoph , Czimmek Angelika
Published: January 2019

Es werden Heilungen auf homöopathische Mittelgaben hin beschrieben, die eindrucksvoll rasch verlaufen sind:

– 3 Sekundenheilungen bei Kindern mit Otitis media bzw. Fieberkrampf bzw. akutem Abdomen,

– akuter Zahnschmerz und superinfizierte Wunde bei einem 5-jährigen Mädchen,

– Geburtsstillstand bei einer Erstgebärenden,

– Geburtsstillstand bei einer Stute,

– Schädelprellungen bei 3 Singvögeln,

– Verletzung einer Arteria carotis mit spritzendem Blutaustritt,

– Keuchhusten bei einem Kleinkind.

Anhand dieser Fallbeispiele wird gleichzeitig in folgende Themen eingeführt, wie sie Dr. Jost Künzli gelehrt hat:

1. die Erhebung und Auswertung der homöopathischen Akutanamnese,

2. die Technik der homöopathischen Befragung,

3. das Schema der Hierarchisierung der Symptome und

4. die Bedeutung der auffallenden, sonderlichen, eigenheitlichen (charakteristischen) Zeichen und Symptome nach Paragraph 153 „Organon“.
Postoperative Outcome of a New Shoulder Orthesis after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: a Prospective, Randomized Observational Study
Authors: Ziegler Patrick , Stuby Fabian , Küper Markus Alexander , Greschner Thomas , Stöckle Ulrich , Gühring Markus
Published: January 2019

Hintergrund Die Rotatorenmanschettenläsion gehört zu den am häufigsten therapierten Krankheitsbildern der arthroskopischen Schulterchirurgie. Neben verschiedenen operativen Techniken gibt es Unterschiede in der postoperativen Nachbehandlung. In dieser Anwendungsbeobachtung wurde die Funktionalität zweier Schulterorthesen (ADVAGOshoulder vs. Standardabduktionsverband) verglichen und das postoperative Behandlungsergebnis ermittelt.

Patienten und Methodik 53 Patienten mit Rotatorenmanschettenläsion (n = 25 ADVAGOshoulder, n = 28 Standardabduktionsverband) wurden vor und nach operativer Versorgung anhand des DASH-Scores, modifizierten Constant-Scores sowie des Handlings und des Komforts der Orthese untersucht und befragt.

Ergebnisse Die Orthese ADVAGOshoulder zeigte bessere Ergebnisse hinsichtlich Einschränkungen im Alltag, Schlafqualität und Bewegungseinschränkungen. Auch bewerteten die Patienten im Gegensatz zum Abduktionsverband dieses Hilfsmittel besser im Hinblick auf seinen Beitrag zum Heilungserfolg. Der Standardabduktionsverband wurde doppelt so häufig mit gut oder sehr gut bewertet im Hinblick auf den Heilungserfolg der Therapie. Bei der Auswertung der DASH-Fragebögen ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen beiden Gruppen.

Schlussfolgerung Beide Schulterorthesen erwiesen sich als geeignete postoperative Hilfsmittel zur Ruhigstellung der operierten Schulter und trugen nach Einschätzung der Patienten zum Heilungserfolg bei. Die Orthese ADVAGOshoulder zeigte in unserer Studie Vorteile im Hinblick auf Bewegungseinschränkungen, Stabilitätsempfinden und Schlafqualität.
Improving the Prescription of Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pritchett Ruth , Bem Danai , Turner Grace , Thomas G. , Clarke Joanne , Fellows Rebecca , Lane Deirdre , Jolly Kate
Published: January 2019

Objective Oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescription for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients frequently does not follow current guidelines, with underuse in patients at high risk of stroke and substantial overuse in those at low risk. This review aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to improve appropriate OAC prescription in eligible AF patients for stroke prevention.

Methods Systematic review of controlled and uncontrolled studies published up to July 2017 with interventions designed to improve appropriate OAC prescription for stroke prevention in eligible AF patients (according to risk assessment tool or guidelines). Categorization of intervention types was pre-specified. The main outcome was change in proportion of eligible AF patients prescribed OACs for stroke prevention.

Results Twenty studies conducted in 392 settings were included (cluster randomized controlled trials, controlled trials and uncontrolled before-after designs; n = 29,868 patients at baseline). Fifteen studies reported significant improvements in appropriate prescription of OACs in AF patients. All interventions with a persuasive element (8/8); all studies targeting health care professional (HCP) education or guideline/protocol implementation (7/7); and all medical care programs (4/4) achieved significant increases in appropriate OAC prescription. Computerized decision support interventions (3/5) and reviews of prescribing (2/4) were less likely to report significant improvements in appropriate OAC prescription.

Conclusion Interventions designed to improve appropriate prescription of OACs in eligible AF patients for stroke prevention can be effective. Successful approaches include education of HCPs; implementation of local guidelines; interdisciplinary medical care programs educating both HCPs and patients and persuasive interventions utilizing peer-group experts. Protocol registration: PROSPERO (CRD42016039654).
Validation of the Siggaard–Andersen Acid–Base Nomogram for Hemoglobin F: Implications for Fetal Cord Blood Gas Analysis
Authors: Whitham Megan , Pagaduan Jayson , Clark Steven L. , Singh Ila , Belfort Michael , Devaraj Sridevi , Cao Jing , Shetty Anil , Pai Shweta , Fox Karin
Published: January 2019

Objective The calculation of HCO3 and base excess in current blood gas analysis is based on the Siggaard–Andersen equation. One of the constants in this equation is dependent on the known buffering capacity of hemoglobin A. We sought to investigate differences in buffering capacity between adult hemoglobin A and fetal hemoglobin F as a potential explanation for the observed poor correlation between calculated base excess in umbilical cord blood and newborn outcomes. Such differences would influence a key constant in the Van Slyke/Siggaard–Andersen equation used to calculate HCO3 and base excess and could be an explanation of these observations.

Study Design This was a prospective observational study. We analyzed umbilical cord blood bicarbonate levels both as calculated values from a traditional blood gas analyzer and as measured values in 20 women giving birth at term. Since the calculated value is dependent upon the concentration and known buffering capacity of hemoglobin A, significant differences in these two analyses would imply differences in the buffering capacity of hemoglobins A and F.

Results The mean calculated HCO3 value was 25 mEq/L (25.3 ± 1.9) compared with a mean measured value of 25 mEq/L (24.6 ± 1.7) over a range of pH levels of 7.16 to 7.42. This difference was not significant (p = 0.07).

Conclusion The buffering capacity of hemoglobin F, for clinical purposes, is not different than that of hemoglobin A and is not an explanation for the recognized poor correlation between base excess and neonatal outcome.
Insult
Authors: Wiesmann Martin , Nikoubashman Omid
Published: January 2019

A stroke is usually caused by ischaemia, less frequently by an intracerebral hemorrhage. The distinction between hemorrhagic and ischaemic strokes, as well as the identification of patients requiring immediate recanalization therapy, cannot be made by clinical examination but requires CT imaging. In most patients with an ischemic stroke, large parts of the affected brain area are functionless throughout the first hours, but not yet irreversibly damaged (penumbra tissue). These areas can be saved through early vessel recanalization. In the acute phase of ischaemic stroke, a delay of 15 minutes results in a significant worsening of the neurologic prognosis.

With modern endovascular techniques, even patients with the most severe ischemic strokes have a fair chance of neurological recovery, if they are admitted to a specialised centre within the first few hours.
Energy management in commercial building microgrids
Authors: Raza Aamir , Malik Tahir Nadeem
Published: January 2019

Energy systems face problems such as increasing energy cost, greenhouse (GHG) emissions, and network load deviations. A wide range of load variations may cause network instability. Large commercial buildings with a heavy load, treated as microgrids (μGs), may contribute meaningfully to demand response and network stability. Therefore, a strategy for optimal energy consumption and bidirectional power trade between the building and the utility grid is required for this class of customers. The objective of this paper is to develop a linear bi-level macro energy hub (MEH) control for a group of large commercial building μGs, to minimize the network load deviation, while satisfying the customer specified total μG energy cost and the GHG emission constraints. The resulting constrained optimization problem is mapped in a flower pollination algorithm environment under deterministic and uncertain conditions such as the random presence of solar irradiance and electric and natural gas networks. The μG considers the solar photovoltaic panel, internal combustion engine, fuel cell, microturbine, and electric vehicle lot and battery. Using the results obtained under deterministic conditions, customer-utility relationship is developed by applying the multi-linear regression analysis technique, between the network load deviation, operation and maintenance cost of distributed generators, μG's spinning reserve value, and total μG energy cost. Analysis proves that under an MEH, customer-utility interest is non-linearly related. Building owned micro energy hub control reduces the energy cost and the GHG emissions; however, the load deviation inflates and vice versa for utility owned MEH control. To address this nonlinearity, biogas is integrated with the MEH, using a method termed as integrated demand response (IDR), which successfully brings the energy cost down at a low load deviation. The results show that if uncertainties are not severe, the IDR alone will be adequate to bring the cost down for simultaneous achievement of end-to-end stakes. However, if the cost is high, due to adverse conditions, in addition to the IDR, the proposed load curtailment scheme is applied. Simulations demonstrate that the cost, GHG emission, and load deviation drop by 22.448%, 11.716%, and 36.410%, respectively, for biogas integrated MEH compared to building owned micro EH control.
Statistical approach for the optimum selection of photovoltaic modules on a specific site
Authors: Aboushal M. A. , Zakaria Moustafa Mohamed M. , ElArabawy I. F.
Published: January 2019

This paper introduces a probabilistic approach (PA) for the optimum selection of various photovoltaic (PV) modules manufactured by different suppliers to select the most suited module at a specific site location. This approach is based on fitting the probability distributions of the irradiance data measured at a specific hour of a typical day over a long term period (7 years). The goodness of fit test is employed to determine the best fitted probability density function which is then used in the calculation of the average output power and capacity factor (CF) of each module. Thus, the module with the highest average CF over the year is therefore considered as the best suited module for the given site location. The source files of solar irradiance database are approved by the Egyptian Meteorological Authority. Detailed modeling of the PV system characteristics using MATLAB/Simulink has been introduced, which shows complete stepping procedures and respective results. The combination of the detailed PV modeling along with the PA facilitates precise prediction of the best module in terms of output power under varying operating conditions and partial shading for the specified site.
Combined heat and power economic dispatch problem using advanced modified particle swarm optimization
Authors: Neyestani Mehdi , Hatami Mohammad , Hesari Sadegh
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a novel optimization algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed for solving the non-convex non-linear economic dispatch (ED) problem in a system integrated with combined heat and power. In the proposed method, which is known as Advanced Modified PSO (AMPSO), one third of the population is updated based on conventional PSO, and the remaining members are updated randomly based on the boundaries of variables. In order to improve the efficiency of the algorithm, the required coefficients were estimated by the Taguchi method. The optimization problem is the nonlinear non-convex ED in which the effects of steam valves and the power loss have been included. The proposed algorithm is applied on different systems, and the results are compared with those of some well-regarded methods developed by other researchers. The results show the superiority of the proposed AMPSO in comparison to other methods.