bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Text-conditioned video action recognition under few shot and continual learning scenarios
Authors:   , Villa Ojeda Andrés Felipe
Published: October 2023

Los seres humanos aprenden continuamente nuevas actividades con pocos ejemplos sin olvidar las aprendidas previamente, aprovechando la información multimodal (VisualLenguaje). Sin embargo, las redes neuronales modernas para el reconocimiento de acciones son entrenadas por completo en extensos conjuntos de datos etiquetados, ignorando las descripciones textuales que vienen naturalmente con los videos. En aplicaciones reales, los métodos basados en aprendizaje profundo rara vez involucran una sola etapa de entrenamiento debido a la disponibilidad de datos, las cuotas de almacenamiento, las regulaciones de privacidad y los costosos procesos de anotación. En su lugar, se les debe entrenar secuencialmente para manejar nuevos conjunto de acciones. Bajo estas condiciones, los métodos de aprendizaje profundo reducen significativamente el rendimiento en las acciones previamente aprendidas y requieren una gran cantidad de datos etiquetados. Estos problemas se abordan mediante aprendizaje continuo y Few-Shot learning, respectivamente. Few-Shot learning (FSL) y Aprendizaje continuo (CL) han sido poco explorados en el dominio de video. En esta tesis abordamos ambos problemas. Primero, proponemos TNT, una red condicionada por texto con inferencia transductiva que explota las descripciones textuales para adaptar el conocimiento general de la red para mejorar la discriminación de clases en un escenario de FSL. En segundo lugar, presentamos a vCLIMB, un novedoso banco de pruebas estandarizado para analizar el olvido catastrófico de los modelos en un escenario de aprendizaje continuo en video. Asimismo, nuestra tercera solución, PIVOT, es una estrategia novedosa para CL en el dominio de video que aprovecha el conocimiento multimodal amplio y general de CLIP a través de un enfoque basado en prompting y un clasificador multimodal. Los métodos propuestos superan los modelos del estado del arte más desafiantes por un amplio margen en ambos escenarios, lo que demuestra que la información multimodal (video-texto) es esencial para aprender sin olvidar con pocas muestras etiquetadas.
The Rise of Serverless Architectures: Security Challenges and Best Practices
Authors: Cinar Burak
Published: October 2023

The field of serverless computing has had significant growth and recognition in the past decade. This emerging area has garnered attention because to its notable impact on cost reduction, latency reduction, scalability improvement, and elimination of server-side management, among other benefits. Nevertheless, there is still a dearth of comprehensive study that would facilitate developers and academics in gaining a more profound comprehension of the importance of serverless computing in many scenarios. Therefore, it is imperative to provide scholarly study data that has been published within this particular field. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of 275 scholarly articles retrieved from reputable literature sources, with the aim of extracting valuable insights pertaining to serverless computing. Subsequently, the acquired data underwent analysis in order to address many study inquiries pertaining to the contemporary advancements in serverless computing, encompassing its fundamental principles, available platforms, and patterns of utilization, among other relevant aspects. In addition, we analyze the current obstacles confronting serverless computing and explore potential avenues for future research to facilitate its deployment and utilization.
Assessment of Knowledge on the Hygiene Practices of Actors in the Sector of “Dèguè”, a Milk-Based Foodstuff Produced and Consumed in Togo: Case of the Municipality of Agoè-Nyivé 1
Authors: Awaga Kwami Lumo , Boula Voukey Edo , Mélila Mamatchi , Awili Tètouwalla , Bonda Kameni Ludovic Géraud
Published: October 2023

“Dèguè” is mixture of fermented milk, millet or durum wheat couscous and sugar, which is one of the foods well appreciated in Togo. This study was carried out in view to contribute to the valuation of this milk-based foodstuff produced and consumed in Togo for consumer health safety. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with an analytical aim, the survey of which took place from April 3 to June 30, 2023 in the municipality of Agoè-Nyivé 1 of the Autonomous District of Greater Lomé. In total, 70 "Dèguè" vendors were surveyed on their level of knowledge of good hygiene practices. The KoboCollect, Epi-info version 7.2. and Excel 2013 softwares allowed the collection and statistical processing of the data. The survey showed a predominance of women (80%) among sellers. They were between 15 and 50 years old with an average age of 30 ± 8.35. Respectively 45% and 36% of sellers declared having received training on Good Hygiene Practices and Good Manufacturing Practices. Only 35.71% of sellers have a good level of knowledge on hygiene practices and among them 48.00% have a secondary level compared to 28.00% with a higher level. Considering the age group, the Chi square test showed that there is no significant difference between the level of knowledge on hygiene practices and the age group (p > 0.05). The results of this study show the need to raise awareness among all the actors involved in the "Dèguè" sector in the municipality of Agoè-Nyivé 1 for an improvement in hygiene and manufacturing practices.
Racial Disparities in End-of-Life Home Health Use in Medicare Advantage vs Traditional Medicare
Authors: Jones Tessa , Vargas-Torres Carmen , Meyers David J. , Morrison R. Sean , Ankuda Claire K.
Published: January 2025

This study assesses whether Medicare Advantage enrollment was associated with greater racial and ethnic disparities in home health use during the last year of life compared with traditional Medicare.
Setting Public Health Priorities in the United States
Authors: Fineberg Harvey V.
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint discusses the challenges facing US leadership in improving the state of the country’s public health and outlines 5 classes of candidates for public health intervention and 4 criteria to guide public health priority setting.
Cardiac Biomarker Testing in US Emergency Departments
Authors: McCarthy Cian P. , Watson Nathan W. , Wasfy Jason H. , Baugh Christopher W. , Januzzi James L. , Secemsky Eric A.
Published: January 2025

This cross-sectional study identifies variables in cardiac biomarker testing and their association with acute coronary syndrome incidence among adults visiting the emergency department.
Triphenylamine‐Substituted Nile Red Derivatives with Efficient Reactive Oxygen Species Generation for Robust and Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Abscess Wound Healing
Authors: Dai Jianan , Fang Laiping , Fan Zhijin , Wang Xuan , Hua Jie , Dong He , Tu Yike , Li Shufang , He Kuo , Fang Jin , Hang Lifeng , Li Shumei , Wang Jin , Wang Wei , Ma Ping'an , Jiang Guihua
Published: January 2025

Infections caused by drug‐resistant bacteria represent a major contributor to high mortality rates, underscoring the urgent need for effective non‐antibiotic drugs and alternative therapies. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) emerges as an innovative treatment due to its minimal drug resistance. Herein, a series of Nile Red derivatives is synthesized by a donor engineering strategy. Notably, NTPA featuring triphenylamine (TPA) as the electron‐donating group, exhibited the highest production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The enhanced electron donating‐accepting (D‐A) property effectively reduced the energy gap between S1 and T1 (ΔES‐T), facilitating intersystem crossing (ISC) with a larger spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) constant. Furthermore, the twisted conformation profoundly suppressed the quenching of ROS. As expected, an over 470‐fold increase in ROS production is observed, predominantly comprising type‐I ROS. NTPA nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited exceptional in vitro killing ability against various drug‐resistant bacteria, with inhibition efficiency even reaching 99.9%. In the methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)‐induced abscess model, NTPA NPs facilitated complete wound healing within just 8 days following a single administration and irradiation, highlighting their exceptional bactericidal and wound‐healing promotion capabilities. Overall, this work inspired the construction of efficient Nile Red‐based type‐I photosensitizers (PSs) and the development of a new broad‐spectrum aPDT method for drug‐resistant bacteria treatment.
Sulfonic Acid Ligands Promote Surface Reconstruction of Perovskite Quantum Dots for High‐Performance Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Jiaxiang , Yang Zunxian , Chen Ye , Zhang Hui , Chen Yue , Bai Yuting , Jiang Xudong , Liu Benfang , Hong Jiajie , Fang Zhezhou , Gao Jinzhu , Zhou Zheyu , Yu Runsen , Song Xuanyao , Yuan Zhiyu , Guo Tailiang , Li Fushan , Chen Yongyi , Weng Zhenzhen
Published: January 2025

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation high‐quality lighting and high‐definition displays due to their outstanding luminescence properties, characterized by a narrow emission spectrum and tunable color. However, during the purification process involving polar solvents, ligand detachment from the quantum dot surface often induces crystal defects, thereby compromising their long‐term stability. Herein, the effects of various post‐processing strategies on PQD performance are systematically explored, including the use of oleic acid (OA), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), and their combinations, alongside OA‐assisted synthesis. Furthermore, a synergistic post‐processing strategy based on DDAB‐NaMeS (sodium methanesulfonate) is proposed to elucidate the mechanism of ligand reconstruction on the quantum dot surface during purification. The resulting PQDs demonstrated excellent stability over a storage period exceeding one month, and the corresponding Quantum Dots Light‐Emitting Diodes (QLEDs) achieved a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9.82%, representing a 1.91‐fold improvement over standard devices. These QLEDs exhibited exceptional optoelectronic performance, underscoring their potential for application in other sulfonic acid ligands and perovskite‐based materials.
Anomalous Ultra‐Broadband Photoresponse Based on PdSe2 with Asymmetric Contact
Authors: Liu Mingli , Wang Wanqian , Zhang Xuemin , Shi Hongxiang , Wang SuoFu , Han Tao , Li Feng , Kang Lixing , Luo Wei , Shan Lei , Long Mingsheng
Published: January 2025

Anomalous photoresponse with negative photoconductance (NPC) is rarely observed which is quite different from the common semiconductor with positive photoconductance (PPC) as the light can induce additional carriers. NPC effect is not widely studied because the performance of the NPC is limited and the device fabrication is uncontrollable. Here, a controllable way is reported to fabricate an anomalous photoresponse device through asymmetric metal contact with the PdSe2. A mirror electrode‐enhanced vertical asymmetric contact (VAC) PdSe2 device is designed. The VAC PdSe2 device demonstrated the NPC effect in an ultra‐broadband spectral range from 637 nm to the long‐wave infrared (LWIR) 10.6 µm. Notably, the device exhibits excellent uncooled mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) and LWIR detection ability with a high photoresponsivity (R) of 128.4 AW−1 and 38.2 AW−1, respectively. Furthermore, the lateral asymmetric contact (LAC) PdSe2 device is also investigated. The LAC PdSe2 device demonstrated competitive performance including high photovoltaic responsivity up to 0.22 AW−1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 67.5%, fast photoresponse speed with rise time τr = 28.7 µs and decay time τd = 31.2 µs, and anisotropic dichroic ratio (γ) of ≈1.15. The results open a new platform for studying anomalous photoresponse with high performance in uncooled LWIR photodetection.
Eco‐Friendly and Scalable Preparation of High‐Efficiency Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling Film Based on Dual‐Layer Strategy
Authors: Wu Yingjie , Liu Bin , Zhang Renyan , Wang Yingeng , Pu Mingbo , Li Xiong , Luo Xiangang
Published: January 2025

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC), as a zero‐energy cooling technology, has attracted wide attention. It achieves high reflectivity in the solar band by scattering the incoming sunlight. According to Mie's theory, attaining elevated scattering efficiency necessitates a substantial refractive index disparity between the matrix material and the scattering particles in the PDRC film. Here, the study introduces barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles as scattering particles, which have the highest theoretical refractive index among dielectric nanoparticles reported in the literature. A two‐layer strategy is implemented to mitigate the strong absorption of BTO nanoparticles in the ultraviolet (UV) band. Furthermore, using a liquid material as the matrix for the film and fabricating it via scrape coating technology enables an eco‐friendly and scalable preparation process. Ultimately, the obtained high‐efficiency PDRC (HE‐PDRC) film exhibits superb solar reflectance (0.948) and infrared atmospheric window emissivity (0.964). The HE‐PDRC film can achieve a cooling effect of ≈8 °C below the ambient temperature under clear weather conditions. The theoretical maximum cooling power is 87.5 W m−2 during the daytime and 125.2 W m−2 at night, respectively. This work paves the way for practical large‐scale applications of HE‐PDRC for human thermal comfort in buildings.
MaTableGPT: GPT‐Based Table Data Extractor from Materials Science Literature
Authors: Yi Gyeong Hoon , Choi Jiwoo , Song Hyeongyun , Miano Olivia , Choi Jaewoong , Bang Kihoon , Lee Byungju , Sohn Seok Su , Buttler David , Hiszpanski Anna , Han Sang Soo , Kim Donghun
Published: January 2025

Efficiently extracting data from tables in the scientific literature is pivotal for building large‐scale databases. However, the tables reported in materials science papers exist in highly diverse forms; thus, rule‐based extractions are an ineffective approach. To overcome this challenge, the study presents MaTableGPT, which is a GPT‐based table data extractor from the materials science literature. MaTableGPT features key strategies of table data representation and table splitting for better GPT comprehension and filtering hallucinated information through follow‐up questions. When applied to a vast volume of water splitting catalysis literature, MaTableGPT achieves an extraction accuracy (total F1 score) of up to 96.8%. Through comprehensive evaluations of the GPT usage cost, labeling cost, and extraction accuracy for the learning methods of zero‐shot, few‐shot, and fine‐tuning, the study presents a Pareto‐front mapping where the few‐shot learning method is found to be the most balanced solution owing to both its high extraction accuracy (total F1 score >95%) and low cost (GPT usage cost of 5.97 US dollars and labeling cost of 10 I/O paired examples). The statistical analyses conducted on the database generated by MaTableGPT revealed valuable insights into the distribution of the overpotential and elemental utilization across the reported catalysts in the water splitting literature.
Galectin‐1‐Induced Tumor Associated Macrophages Repress Antitumor Immunity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Recruitment of Tregs
Authors: Yu Xizhi , Qian Junjie , Ding Limin , Pan Caixu , Liu Xi , Wu Qinchuan , Wang Shuai , Liu Jianpeng , Shang Mingge , Su Rong , Guo Danjing , Xie Haiyang , Yin Shengyong , Zhou Lin , Zheng Shusen
Published: January 2025

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are commonly considered accomplices in tumorigenesis and tumor development. However, the precise mechanism by which tumor cells prompt TAMs to aid in evading immune surveillance remains to be further investigated. Here, it is elucidated that tumor‐secreted galectin‐1 (Gal1) conferred immunosuppressive properties to TAMs. Specifically, patient specimens and a public database is first used to analyze the clinical relevance of Gal1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Then, it is demonstrated that TAMs functioned as a critical mediator in the Gal1‐induced progression of HCC and the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, RNA‐sequencing determined that Gal1 promoted the upregulation of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) in TAMs via activating the PI3K/AKT/NF‐κB pathway. Employing an anti‐CCL20 neutralizing antibody and Foxp3DTR mice, it is demonstrated that CCR6+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) recruited by Gal1‐induced TAMs contributed to reduced infiltration and dysfunctional state of CD8+ T cells, subsequently facilitating tumor progression. Targeting Gal1 dampened the secretion of CCL20 and inhibits the recruitment of Tregs, thereby activating anti‐tumor immunity and ameliorating anti‐PD‐1 resistance. Together, this findings revealed that Gal1‐induced TAMs recruited Tregs through the CCL20‐CCR6 axis. Inhibition of Gal1 improves the effectiveness of anti‐PD1 therapy, shedding important new light on the combination immunotherapy of HCC.
Recent Advances in Nanoenzymes Based Therapies for Glioblastoma: Overcoming Barriers and Enhancing Targeted Treatment
Authors: Wang Liyin , Gu Min , Zhang Xiaoli , Kong Tingting , Liao Jun , Zhang Dan , Li Jingwu
Published: January 2025

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and malignant brain tumor originating from glial cells, characterized by high recurrence rates and poor patient prognosis. The heterogeneity and complex biology of GBM, coupled with the protective nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), significantly limit the efficacy of traditional therapies. The rapid development of nanoenzyme technology presents a promising therapeutic paradigm for the rational and targeted treatment of GBM. In this review, the underlying mechanisms of GBM pathogenesis are comprehensively discussed, emphasizing the impact of the BBB on treatment strategies. Recent advances in nanoenzyme‐based approaches for GBM therapy are explored, highlighting how these nanoenzymes enhance various treatment modalities through their multifunctional capabilities and potential for precise drug delivery. Finally, the challenges and therapeutic prospects of translating nanoenzymes from laboratory research to clinical application, including issues of stability, targeting efficiency, safety, and regulatory hurdles are critically analyzed. By providing a thorough understanding of both the opportunities and obstacles associated with nanoenzyme‐based therapies, future research directions are aimed to be informed and contribute to the development of more effective treatments for GBM.
Is Social Jetlag Associated With Physical Fitness Among Spanish Adolescents? Insights From the EHDLA Study
Authors: Miño Camila , García‐Hermoso Antonio , Gutiérrez‐Espinoza Héctor , Olivares‐Arancibia Jorge , Yañéz‐Sepúlveda Rodrigo , Duclos‐Bastías Daniel , Smith Lee , López‐Gil José Francisco
Published: January 2025

Background

The misalignment of sleeping times during weekdays/weekends (i.e., social jetlag) is particularly common among adolescents and plausibly associated with their physical fitness. However, literature on this topic is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between social jetlag and physical fitness in Spanish adolescents.

Methods

A secondary analysis was conducted on cross‐sectional data from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study among 812 adolescents (54.9% girls) aged 12–17 years from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain). Social jetlag was calculated from self‐reported data on bedtimes and wake times for weekdays and weekends. Physical fitness was evaluated with the Assessing the Levels of PHysical Activity and Fitness (ALPHA‐FIT) for children and adolescents and included cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, speed agility, and flexibility.

Results

The analysis revealed significant negative associations between worse social jetlag and detrimental overall physical fitness (unstandardized beta coefficient [B] = −0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.09, −0.02; p = 0.002), cardiorespiratory fitness (B = −1.28; 95% CI −2.22, −0.34; p = 0.008), and lower body muscular fitness (B = −2.01; 95% CI −3.90, −0.12; p = 0.038) after the adjustment for potential covariates (age, sex, socioeconomic status, physical activity level, sedentary behavior, nocturnal sleep duration, energy intake, and body mass index). In contrast with other fitness components, a significant positive association was identified between social jetlag and speed agility (B = 0.07; 95% CI 0.00, 0.14; p = 0.049).

Conclusions

In adolescents, social jetlag is significantly linked to poorer physical fitness, especially for cardiorespiratory fitness and lower‐body muscular fitness. Maintaining regular and well‐synchronized sleep could be crucial for optimizing physical health and preventing the decline of physical fitness during adolescence.
Genetic Services in Appalachia Conference Series
Authors: Kelly Kimberly M. , Dhumal Trupti , Scott Virginia G. , Falah Nadia , Kronk Rebecca , Terry Alissa Bovee , Graves Kristi , Pickarski Justine , Au Margaret
Published: January 2025

This study examined the data generated as part of a seven‐session webinar series that focused on genetics care provision in the medically underserved, rural Appalachian region and examined how these services have adapted to challenging practice environments. Barriers and facilitators to care in our region were considered. Data included a baseline survey of registrants, transcripts of sessions, and feedback about sessions. We analyzed data with a sequential and concurrent mixed methods approach. Registrants (n = 137) were disproportionately healthcare providers with genetic services expertise (37.2%). Approximately half (43.8%) of registrants were from KY, WV, and TN in the central Appalachian region. Our baseline survey found that the most noted barriers were the cost of services, lack of providers, and access to care. The most common facilitator was telehealth. Analysis of transcripts identified barriers that were consistent with those noted in the baseline survey, but additional support and network opportunities were discussed to allow for learning across services. Numerous barriers to service delivery were noted; however, despite challenges, participants identified opportunities and resources in the community. These insights will inform a research agenda aimed at advancing genetics services in rural Appalachia, addressing challenges, and leveraging assets for improved healthcare access and outcomes.
A surgical orthotopic xenograft approach with immune response for colorectal cancer research
Authors: Hou Xiaoying , Li Xiaoxuan , Fang Qian , Deng Yufei , Wang Haiping , Sun Binlian , Zhang Chengliang , Du Hongzhi , Liu Yuchen
Published: January 2025

The high morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major challenge in clinical practice. Although a series of alternative research models of CRC have been developed, appropriate orthotopic animal models that reproduce the specific clinical response as well as pathophysiological immune features of CRC are still lacking. In the current study, we constructed a CRC orthotopic xenograft model by implanting the tumor tubes at the colorectum of mice and monitored the model development using bioluminescence imaging. This model successfully recapitulates the clinical chemotherapy efficacy, including reduced total flux, tumor weight, and the expression of Ki67 after treatment of the first‐line chemotherapy regime of CRC (FOLFOX: oxaliplatin and 5‐fluorouracil/calcium folinate). The model also reproduced the immunosuppressive effect of FOLFOX, indicated by decreased infiltration of macrophages and increased Treg cells in tumor. Additionally, the orthotopic xenograft approach may be applied in immunodeficient NCG/NSG mice for constructing patient‐derived xenografts, and being used in clinical precision medicine and drug evaluation. We believe the current model is a successful surgical orthotopic xenograft approach for cancer research and deserves to be popularized, which will provide a convenient and efficient platform for in‐depth mechanism exploration of CRC and preclinical drug evaluation.
High‐Performance Overall Water Splitting Dominated by Direct Ligand‐to‐Cluster Photoexcitation in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Lin Qia‐Chun , Liao Wei‐Ming , Li Jiayu , Ye Bowei , Chen Da‐Tang , Zhou Xiao‐Xiang , Li Peng‐Hui , Li Meng , Li Ming‐De , He Jun
Published: January 2025

Expanding the spectral response of photocatalysts to facilitate overall water splitting (OWS) represents an effective approach for improving solar spectrum utilization efficiency. However, the majority of single‐phase photocatalysts designed for OWS primarily respond to the ultraviolet region, which accounts for a small proportion of sunlight. Herein, we present a versatile strategy to achieve broad visible‐light‐responsive OWS photocatalysis dominated by direct ligand‐to‐cluster charge transfer (LCCT) within metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Three synthesized OWS MOFs, namely Fe2MCbz (M2+ = Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+), exhibited intrinsic OWS capability without the requirement for extra photosensitizer or sacrificial agent or cocatalyst. Among these, Fe2NiCbz was identified as the superior performer, and when dispersed with polyacrylonitrile nanofibers using electrospinning technology, it achieved the highest OWS rates of 170.2 and 85.1 μmol g−1 h−1 for H2 and O2 evolution, surpassing all previously documented MOF‐based photocatalysts. Experimental and theoretical analyses revealed that direct LCCT played a crucial role in enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency, with exceptional performance of Fe2NiCbz attributed to its well‐optimized energy level structures and highly efficient charge transfer mechanism. This work not only sets a benchmark in OWS MOF photocatalysts but also paves the way for maximizing solar spectrum utilization, thereby advancing renewable hydrogen production strategy.
Co‐digestion of olive mill wastewater and municipal solid waste landfill leachate promotes medium‐chain fatty acids and hydrogen production
Authors: Saadoun Lamia , Campitelli Alessio , Kannengiesser Jan , Stanojkovski Daniel , Mandi Laila , Ouazzani Naaila
Published: January 2025

The management of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and municipal solid waste landfill leachate presents a significant challenge due to their high concentrations of organic matter and phenolic compounds. These substances complicate treatment processes, hinder their potential use in agriculture, and inhibit key biological processes such as acetogenesis and methanogenesis. Nonetheless, an urgent need remains to develop a sustainable solution for managing hazardous waste while generating valuable resources. This research hypothesizes that co‐digestion can enhance the production of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and hydrogen (bioenergy), which are target molecules due to their wide range of applications. Several batch reactor experiments were conducted to investigate the co‐digestion of OMWW and landfill leachate at varying ratios, with and without the addition of ethanol as an electron donor. The results show 30% landfill leachate:70% OMWW, supplemented with ethanol, achieved the highest MCFA production, predominantly of hexanoic acid, along with significant hydrogen generation. Finally, co‐digestion of OMWW and landfill leachate demonstrated significant potential for producing both MCFAs and hydrogen, offering a solution to the environmental issues posed by these effluents and promoting the circular economy.
α‐Glucosidase inhibitory activities of polyphenols from Mesua ferrea L. leaves
Authors: Inta Angkhana , Zhang Dong-Dong , Wang Yue-Hu , Panya Aussara , Yang Xue-Fei
Published: January 2025

Mesua ferrea L. is used in Ayurvedic and Thai medicine for treating various diseases, including diabetes. This study aimed to isolate and identify the bioactive constituents from M. ferrea leaves with potential α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity using a bioassay‐guided fractionation approach. From the ethyl acetate fraction with the most potent inhibitory effect, we isolated eight polyphenols, including six coumarins (1−6) and two flavonoids (7−8). Notably, five compounds (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8) displayed significant α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value ranging from 1.81 to 42.97 µM. Quercetin 3‐O‐(3″,4″‐di‐E‐p‐coumaroyl)‐α‐L‐rhamnoside (8) and mammea A/AA cyclo D (6) were identified as potent α‐glucosidase inhibitors, with IC50 value of 1.81 ± 0.12 µM and 6.69 ± 0.27 µM, respectively, surpassing that of the positive control, quercetin (IC50 = 7.82 ± 0.21 µM). Furthermore, mammea A/AA (3) and mammea A/AB (4) exhibited a dual effect by inhibiting α‐glucosidase and promoting glucose uptake in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, indicating in developing multi‐targeted antidiabetic therapeutics. These findings demonstrated the potential of M. ferrea leaves as a source of novel antidiabetic agents.
Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles With Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria salina Using Against MDR Pathogenic Bacteria and Their Antiproliferative and Toxicity Study
Authors: Bishoyi Ajit Kumar , Mandhata Chinmayee Priyadarsani , Sahoo Chita Ranjan , Samal Priyanka , Dubey Debasmita , Jali Bigyan Ranjan , Alamri Abdulaziz Mohammed , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz , Padhy Rabindra Nath
Published: January 2025

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using cyanobacteria has gained significant attention due to its cost‐effective and eco‐friendly advantages in green synthesis. Additionally, biogenic AgNPs show great potential for biological applications, particularly in combating infections caused by drug‐resistant bacteria and fungi. This study synthesized using the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria salina (Os‐AgNPs). The Os‐AgNPs were characterized by a UV‐vis spectral absorption peak at 447 nm, and their functional groups were identified through X‐ray diffraction analysis, revealing a crystal structure with a 2θ value of 38°. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed an average nanoparticle size of 9.81 nm. The Os‐AgNPs demonstrated remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Their antibacterial activity was tested against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Gram‐positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis, as well as Gram‐negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all isolated from clinical samples. The inhibition zones for bacterial strains ranged from 15 to 20 mm, as measured by the agar‐well diffusion method. Similarly, the Os‐AgNPs exhibited antifungal activity, with 20–30 mm inhibition zones against pathogenic fungi Trichophyton rubrum and Candida tropicalis. Additionally, the antiproliferative effects of the Os‐AgNPs were evaluated on human cancer cell lines, including HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma) and MD‐AMB‐231 (breast adenocarcinoma). In vivo toxicity studies were conducted using Swiss mouse models to assess the cytotoxic effects. Overall, the results suggest that Os‐AgNPs, biosynthesized using O. salina, hold promise as potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents for pharmaceutical applications.
Investors' Response to Market Volatility and Financial Sophistication
Authors: Pandey Ichchha , Guillemette Michael A. , Pandey Sabina
Published: January 2025

Using data from the 2021 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS), this study examines how individual investors' financial sophistication influences their response to the stock market in two scenarios: when the market drops by 20% and when the market increases by 20% for a brief period. The findings indicate that, relative to holding stocks, individual investors with higher levels of financial sophistication are more likely to purchase additional stocks and less likely to sell stocks when they experience a market drop for a brief period. Similarly, the study investigated how individuals react when the stock market rises for a short period and discovered that they are less inclined to buy and sell stocks than to hold them. Additionally, the results of this study provide insight into the case of myopic loss aversion (MLA), a supplementary finding of this paper. In addition to finding investors' optimal choice of buying and selling when the market moves, the present study provides supporting findings regarding the number of information sources used and trading frequency, all of which make a strong case for the influence of financial sophistication on MLA. In light of the recent COVID‐19 and the ensuing volatility in the stock market, understanding how financial sophistication influences investors' reactions to the stock market is crucial for researchers, financial professionals, and policymakers.
Heterole‐Fused [20]‐ and [22]Smaragdyrins and Fused‐Heterole‐Bridged [20]‐ and [22]Smaragdyrin Dimers
Authors: Kang Cuiying , Rao Yutao , Xu Ling , Zhou Mingbo , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin
Published: January 2025

In order to examine the effects of the fused heterole on the electronic properties of aromatic and antiaromatic smaragdyrins, 2,3‐thiophene‐ and 2,3‐indole‐fused [20]smaragdyrins were synthesized by Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling and subsequent oxidative fusion reaction, and were reduced with NaBH4 to the corresponding [22]smaragdyrins. Fused‐thiophene‐ and fused‐pyrrole‐bridged [20]‐ and [22]smaragdyrin dimers were also synthesized in the similar manner. The installed fused heteroles mitigate the paratropic ring current of the [20]smaragdyrin but exert only minor effects on the diatropic ring current of the [22]smaragdyrin. Similar features are also observed for the fused‐heterole‐bridged [20]‐ and [22]smaragdyrin dimers.
Controlling the J‐ and H‐Aggregates and Supramolecular Polymerization Pathways of Anthanthrene by Tuning the Hydrogen Bonding Sites
Authors: Miao Hongya , Yang Fang , Zhang Youzhi , Li Huijie , He Xiaoming
Published: January 2025

Exploration of new π‐conjugated building blocks for construction of supramolecular polymers is at the forefront of self‐assembly. Herein, we incorporate a highly planar anthanthrene skeleton into the design of two supramolecular monomers 1 and 2. Their supramolecular polymerization have been comprehensively investigated by spectroscopic studies. Our results reveal that the number and/or position of the amide groups exert pronounced effect on the molecular aggregations and the mechanisms of the supramolecular polymerization. Monomer 1 self‐assembles in a cooperative manner to form 1D nanofibers though face‐to‐face H‐type aggregation. In contrast, 2 adopts J‐aggregation to form supramolecular polymer via isodesmic mechanism.
Recent Progress in Halogen‐Doped Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Reactions
Authors: Cai Shichang , Wang Qing , Zhang Naying , Chen Chaoqun , Zhang Hanlu , Feng Yagang , Duan Lei , Cheng Yapeng , Meng Zihan , Li Huaiguang , Wu Jiabin
Published: January 2025

Since the concept of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) was first proposed in 2011, related research has grown exponentially, establishing SACs as a highly active research field. Compared to conventional supported nanoparticle catalysts, SACs have attracted significant attention due to their theoretically highest atomic utilization efficiency and tunable active sites. Halogen atoms, with their high electronegativity, possess strong electron‐withdrawing ability, enabling them a powerful regulatory effect on the active sites. Although there are numerous comprehensive and high‐quality reviews on SACs, specialized research on halogen‐doped SACs is relatively scarce. Therefore, this article reviewed recent progress in halogen‐doped SACs, categorizing them by the four halogen atoms: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I). We also discussed the application of halogen‐doped SACs in several key electrochemical reactions commonly relevant to clean energy storage and conversion, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), and elaborated on the corresponding reaction mechanisms. Finally, this paper presented prospects to promote the development of SACs with tunable catalytic activity.
MicroRNA as a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh , Masrour Mahdi , Fallahtafti Parisa , Hasani Fatemeh
Published: January 2025

Background

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been applied as biomarkers for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Early diagnosis and management of DLBCL can improve patient survival and prognosis.

Aims

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of miRNA biomarkers in DLBCL patients.

Methods

We used the keywords “diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma” and “microRNA” to search databases for original publications until June 14, 2023. Specificity, sensitivity, and AUC were used to assess diagnostic accuracy, and the prognostic value was assessed using the overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) hazard ratio (HR). A subgroup analysis was performed based on the sample type acquired to investigate the heterogeneity.

Results

Thirteen diagnostic and 33 prognostic studies were included from 839 articles. The Reitsma bivariate model estimated a sensitivity of 0.788 (95% CI: 0.733–0.834, p < 0.001), a specificity of 0.727 (95% CI: 0.654–0.790, p < 0.001), and an AUC of 0.824 in. The pooled AUC was 0.7385 (95% CI: 0.6847–0.7923, p < 0.0001). The pooled OS and PFS HRs (> 1) were 2.2847 (95% CI: 1.7248–3.0263, p < 0.0001) and 2.4883 (95% CI: 1.7367–3.5650, p < 0.0001). The pooled OS and PFS HRs (< 1) were 0.4965 (95% CI: 0.3576–0.6894, p < 0.0001) and 2.4883 (95% CI: 1.7367–3.5650, p < 0.0001). MiR‐155 diagnostic values had a sensitivity of 0.710 (p > 0.1) and a specificity of 0.725 (p < 0.05), with an AUC of 0.776. miR‐21 diagnostic values had an AUC of 0.8468 (p < 0.0001) and OS HR of 2.8938.

Conclusion

MicroRNAs could serve as a powerful diagnostic and prognostic tool in DLBCL.
Social Support and Depression Mediate the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury
Authors: Yao Jiazheng , Zou Yurong , Luo Qianyi , Luo Yuhan , Chunghon Tse , Shang Herui
Published: January 2025

Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), which involves the deliberate destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent, is strongly associated with an increased risk of later suicidal behaviour. Disclosing the risk factors for NSSI is therefore vital to prevent the progression to suicide. While documented evidence links NSSI to childhood trauma, depression, social support, a comprehensive perspective that integrates these factors together is lacking. To bridge this gap, we leveraged a chain‐mediating model in this study, to examine the mediating effect of social support and depression on the relationship between childhood trauma and NSSI. As expected, NSSI behaviours were positively correlated with depression scores (r = 0.492, padj < 0.001), childhood trauma scores (r = 0.306, padj < 0.001), and negatively correlated with the social support scores (r = −0.168, padj = 0.020). Importantly, in the chain‐mediating model, increased childhood trauma was associated with decreased social support (β = −0.532, t = −9.086, p < 0.001), which in turn was linked with increased depressive symptoms (β = −0.193, t = −2.957, p < 0.01), ultimately contributing to greater odds of NSSI behaviours. Our findings elucidated the complex psychological mechanisms underlying the interplay between childhood trauma, social support and depression severity, suggesting that improving social support and intervening early in depression may be potential ways to reduce the risk of NSSI.
A Novel Codebook Based CSI Reconstruction Algorithm in FDD Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Song Xinyang , Li Gang , Qi Jinping
Published: January 2025

Channel state information (CSI) plays a critical role for beamforming technology in frequency division duplex (FDD) massive multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) systems. In order to improve the beamforming accuracy, we present a novel codebook based CSI reconstruction algorithm to enhance CSI feedback performance, thereby improving communication quality. Based on the existing codebook feedback mechanism, initially, we leverage channel temporal correlation to smooth the precoding matrix using a sliding window approach, where both Type I and Type II codebooks are considered. Subsequently, a minimum mean square error (MMSE) based modification technique is introduced to modify the reconstruction result. The proposed CSI reconstruction method incorporates an adjustable weighting parameter within the sliding window, rendering it adaptable to channels with different user speeds, such as high‐speed train communication channel. Moreover, our algorithm entirely operates at the base station (BS). Therefore, there is no additional feedback overhead compared with traditional codebook based CSI feedback methods. Numerical results present the proposed algorithm outperforms baselines for beamforming.
Seasonal lake‐to‐air temperature transfer functions derived from an analysis of 1395 modern lakes: A tool for reconstructing air temperature from proxy‐derived lake water temperature
Authors: Terrazas Alexa , Hwangbo Nathan , Arnold Alexandrea J. , Ulrich Robert N. , Tripati Aradhna
Published: January 2025

Lacustrine palaeotemperature reconstructions are important for characterising past temperature and hydroclimate change, validating multi‐proxy reconstructions and evaluating global climate models. In particular, lake water temperature is often derived from geochemical proxies—including clumped isotopes (Δ47), oxygen isotopes (δ18O), alkenone lipids (Uk’37) and GDGT compounds (TEX86). However, global climate models, constrained by resolution, computational demand and cost, are designed to simulate large‐scale processes, often at the expense of resolving lakes and simulating lake temperature. Consequently, this limitation complicates the comparison of climate model‐simulated variables such as air temperature, with lake water temperature or with other proxy variables (e.g. pollen‐derived air temperature), and requires the use of a transfer function to relate lake temperature to air temperature. Previous work developed transfer functions to translate proxy‐derived seasonal lake water temperature to mean annual air temperature using ground‐based measurements from 88 lakes. This study reports new lake‐to‐air temperature transfer functions (for annual, spring through summer, spring, summer and warmest month) that incorporate lake surface water temperature, and new variables including latitude and elevation, by analysing climate reanalysis data and long‐term satellite observations of surface temperatures for 1395 modern lakes via regression‐based inverse modelling. With the use of multiple regression models and a dataset roughly 10 times larger, the error in predictions of mean annual air temperature is reduced by up to 48% compared to previous work. To demonstrate the potential of the new transfer functions for integrating and comparing proxy data with model output, Pliocene and Pleistocene mean annual air temperature was reconstructed from Δ47‐derived lake temperatures and compared with model simulations for the Last Glacial Maximum and mid‐Piacenzian warm period. The new transfer functions, with reduced error, should enable more accurate palaeotemperature reconstructions from proxy‐derived lake water temperature and allow for more comprehensive assessments of climate model skill.
Comprehensive Characterization of Overt Myelofibrosis in an Asian Cohort: Phenotype, Mutation Landscape and Discordance Among Scoring Systems
Authors: Chang Yu‐Sung , Wang Yu‐Hung , Wei Chao‐Hung , Chen Yu‐Wen , Lin Hsing‐Yu , Lin Chien‐Chin , Tsai Xavier Cheng‐Hong , Yuan Chang‐Tsu , Tien Feng‐Ming , Lin Yun‐Chu , Lee Sze‐Hwei , Kuo Yuan‐Yeh , Chuang Ming‐Kai , Ko Bor‐Sheng , Yao Ming , Tien Hwei‐Fang , Chou Wen‐Chien , Hou Hsin‐An
Published: January 2025

Various prognostic scoring systems in myelofibrosis (MF) have been developed to guide clinical decision‐making in MF. However, discrepancies between different scoring systems for individual patients remain poorly understood, which can result in conflicting treatment recommendations. Moreover, data regarding there applicability in Asian populations remain scarce. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with overt MF at National Taiwan University Hospital from November 1, 2006, to November 30, 2023. This study evaluates the distribution, concordance, and prognostic value of various scoring systems (IPSS, DIPSS, DIPSS+, MYSEC‐PM, MIPSS70, MIPSS70+v2, GIPSS), focusing on the mutational landscape, particularly TP53 mutations, and cytopenic phenotypes in an Asian MF cohort. All prognostic systems effectively stratified patients by risk (p < 0.005); however, concordance between systems was low (Cohen's κ < 0.4, except for IPSS vs. DIPSS+). GIPSS demonstrated superior performance with a comparable C‐index but lower Akaike and Bayesian information criterion values. Besides high‐molecular risk mutations, TP53 mutations (5.2%) were associated with worse overall survival (OS) (5‐year: 30% vs. 68%, p < 0.001) and a trend toward higher leukemic transformation (5‐year: 22% vs. 10%, p = 0.055). Cytopenic phenotype (59%) was associated with a higher incidence of ASXL1 mutations (44% vs. 28%, p = 0.04). In multivariable analysis, elderly patients, higher‐risk GIPSS, TP53 mutation and cytopenic phenotype were associated with a poorer OS. This study validated multiple prognostic scoring systems in an Asian MF cohort, with GIPSS showing superior risk stratification. Further, cytopenic phenotype and TP53 mutations were identified as independent factors linked to poorer survival.
Remote Food Security Research Project: Applying an Indigenist Research Lens
Authors: Chan Ellie , Deen Caroline , Thompson Kani , Stubbs Emma , Webb Amanda , Baghbanian Abdolvahab , Cadet‐James Yvonne
Published: January 2025

This paper aimed to reflect on how Rigney's model of Indigenist research informed the research design of a project which explored community‐led solutions to improve food security in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. The project was conducted in partnership with two Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs); Apunipima Cape York Health Council (Apunipima) and Central Australian Aboriginal Congress (Congress), communities in Central Australia and Cape York, Queensland and researchers from the University of Queensland, Monash University, Dalhousie University and Menzies School of Health Research. On reflection the principles of Indigenist research were evident providing a means of resistance to oppression through Indigenous stakeholders being in control of research to address social determinants, in this case food security. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander world views, lived experiences and knowledges were embedded in the research and informed governance, implementation and knowledge translation. ACCHOs and communities gained a political voice through advocacy and actions at the local, state and national levels. The development of a Community Framework led by ACCHOs and community stakeholders to address food security serves to talk to the three principles of ‘Resistance, Political Integrity and Privileging Indigenous Voices’.