bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies New Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Methodology and Development Process
Authors: Bisson Jonathan I. , Berliner Lucy , Cloitre Marylene , Forbes David , Jensen Tine K. , Lewis Catrin , Monson Candice M. , Olff Miranda , Pilling Stephen , Riggs David S. , Roberts Neil P. , Shapiro Francine
Published: July 2019

Over the last two decades, treatment guidelines have become major aids in the delivery of evidence‐based care and improvement of clinical outcomes. The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) produced the first guidelines for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 2000 and published its latest recommendations, along with position papers on complex PTSD (CPTSD), in November 2018. A rigorous methodology was developed and followed; scoping questions were posed, systematic reviews were undertaken, and 361 randomized controlled trials were included according to the a priori agreed inclusion criteria. In total, 208 meta‐analyses were conducted and used to generate 125 recommendations (101 for adults and 24 for children and adolescents) for specific prevention and treatment interventions, using an agreed definition of clinical importance and recommendation setting algorithm. There were eight strong, eight standard, five low effect, 26 emerging evidence, and 78 insufficient evidence to recommend recommendations. The inclusion of separate scoping questions on treatments for complex presentations of PTSD was considered but decided against due to definitional issues and the virtual absence of studies specifically designed to clearly answer possible scoping questions in this area. Narrative reviews were undertaken and position papers prepared (one for adults and one for children and adolescents) to consider the current issues around CPTSD and make recommendations to facilitate further research. This paper describes the methodology and results of the ISTSS Guideline process and considers the interpretation and implementation of the recommendations.
HPV RNA in‐situ hybridization as a diagnostic aid in papillary laryngeal lesions
Authors: Garcia Jordan A. , Best Simon R. , Rooper Lisa M.
Published: July 2019

Objectives

In the larynx, differentiating squamous papillomas from de‐novo papillary squamous dysplasias or squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) has significant consequences for management. Overlapping clinical presentations and cytologic changes across the spectrum of papillary lesions presents diagnostic challenges for otolaryngologists and pathologists. In this study, we evaluate whether ribonucleic acid (RNA) in‐situ hybridization (ISH) for low‐risk and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) can help distinguish these lesions.

Methods

We constructed tissue microarrays from 97 papillary laryngeal lesions, including 61 squamous papillomas, two papillomas with dysplasia, two SCCs‐ex papilloma, 14 papillary squamous dysplasias, and 18 papillary SCCs identified at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 2000 and 2017. We performed RNA ISH using probes for low‐risk and high‐risk HPV types.

Results

Low‐risk HPV RNA was identified in 55 benign papillomas (90%), two papillomas with dysplasia (100%), and two SCCs‐ex papilloma (100%) but was absent in de‐novo papillary dysplasias and SCCs (0%). High‐risk HPV RNA ISH was positive only in four papillary SCC (22%). Overall, low‐risk HPV RNA ISH was 90% sensitive and 89% specific for benign papillomas with a positive predictive value of 93% and negative predictive value of 84%. In contrast, high‐risk HPV was 20% sensitive for SCC.

Conclusion

Low‐risk HPV RNA ISH is a useful diagnostic adjunct for distinguishing laryngeal squamous papillomas from papillary squamous dysplasia and SCC. However, it is not entirely specific for benign processes as it is also retained in papillomas with dysplasia and SCCs‐ex papilloma. Because high‐risk HPV is rare in papillary laryngeal lesions, high‐risk HPV RNA ISH has limited utility.

Level of Evidence

Level 4

Laryngoscope, 130:955–960, 2020
Effect of air supply speed on point contact sliding wear characteristics under oil‐air lubrication conditions
Authors: Liu Cong , Tong Bao‐hong , Zhang Guo‐tao , Xu Pei‐min , Wang Wei , Liu Kun
Published: July 2019

An oil‐air lubrication system is driven by high‐speed air. Oil is transported to the contact portion in the form of fine oil droplets to form a lubrication film, thereby improving lubrication performance among matching pairs. A test for point contact sliding friction and wear was conducted under oil‐air lubrication conditions. Oil‐phase and pressure distributions near the contact zone were investigated through numerical simulation. This study aims to explore the effect of air velocity on sliding wear characteristics of a point contact. Results show that point contact sliding wear is considerably affected by air supply speed. The lubrication performance between friction pairs is optimal under appropriate air supply speed, which can enable the oil‐air pressure and oil‐phase volume fraction near the point contact area to obtain appropriate values that are useful to the spread of fine oil droplets. This process ensures that the sliding friction coefficient and specific wear rate can be reduced. The friction coefficient decreases to approximately 0.027, and the specific wear rate is 1.06 × 10−5 mm3/N·m. Under oil‐air lubrication, microfurrows appear on the worn surfaces of materials with the change in air supply speed. The shape of debris is mainly a flake or block with a few long strip abrasives. The wear mechanism is abrasive.
Handgrip Strength Adds More Prognostic Value to the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease Score Than Imaging‐Based Measures of Muscle Mass in Men With Cirrhosis
Authors: Sinclair Marie , Chapman Brooke , Hoermann Rudolf , Angus Peter W. , Testro Adam , Scodellaro Thomas , Gow Paul J.
Published: July 2019

Sarcopenia is associated with mortality in cirrhosis, but there is no gold standard for its diagnosis. The comparative utility of different diagnostic methods is unknown. This single‐center observational cohort study followed 145 men referred for liver transplant evaluation between 2005 and 2012. Muscle mass was estimated by handgrip strength, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) lean mass, and single‐slice computed tomography (CT) scan at the fourth lumbar vertebra. Recorded outcomes included time to death or liver transplantation. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 54 years (47‐59 years), and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 17 (14‐23). Of 145 men, 56 died with a median (IQR) time to death of 7.44 months (3.48‐14.16 months). In total, 79 men underwent transplantation with median (IQR) time to transplant of 7.20 months (3.96‐12.84 months). The prevalence of sarcopenia differed between diagnostic modalities with 70.3% using CT muscle mass, 45.9% using handgrip strength, and 38.7% using DEXA. Muscle mass was inversely associated with wait‐list mortality for measured CT muscle mass (hazard ratio [HR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90‐0.98; P = 0.002), DEXA muscle mass (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99‐0.99; P = 0.003), and handgrip strength (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91‐0.98; P = 0.002). These results retained significance independent of the MELD score. In predicting mortality, the MELD–handgrip strength bivariate Cox model was superior to a MELD‐CT muscle Cox model (P < 0.001). In conclusion, handgrip strength combined with MELD score was the superior predictive model in this novel study examining 3 commonly employed techniques to diagnose sarcopenia in cirrhosis. Handgrip strength has additional potential clinical benefits because it can be performed serially without the radiation dose, cost, and access issues attributable to CT and DEXA.
Modelling ground‐penetrating radar wave propagation using graphics processor unit parallel implementation of the symplectic Euler method
Authors: Fang Hongyuan , Lei Jianwei , Zhang Juan , An Jie , Wang Fuming
Published: July 2019

Inversion of ground‐penetrating radar signals requires accurate and efficient forward modelling. The symplectic Euler method promises good results when simulating ground‐penetrating radar wave propagation in substructures, but its computational efficiency is limited by the same Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy stability condition as the finite‐difference time‐domain method. A two‐dimensional graphics processor unit–accelerated parallel symplectic Euler algorithm is used to simulate ground‐penetrating radar wave propagation. We compared the reflection waveforms as well as the simulation time of the complex underground structure models simulated by the parallel symplectic Euler method with traditional finite‐difference time‐domain method. Results show that the parallel symplectic Euler algorithm achieves the same level of accuracy as the standard finite‐difference time‐domain method. Moreover, it significantly improves the computational efficiency, as the calculation speed is improved by more than 21 times. We verify the performance of the proposed algorithm through a map of the single‐track radar data for a three‐layered pavement model and a simulation wiggle map for a structural damage pavement model. This provides a theoretical basis for accurately interpreting ground‐penetrating radar detection data and efficient forward modelling for the next step of inversion imaging.
Acceptance and commitment therapy as an adjunct to the MOVE! programme: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Afari N. , Herbert M. S. , Godfrey K. M. , Cuneo J. G. , Salamat J. S. , Mostoufi S. , Gasperi M. , Ober K. , Backhaus A. , Rutledge T. , Wetherell J. L.
Published: July 2019

Objective

The current study tested the efficacy of an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group intervention for disinhibited eating behaviour as an adjunct to the Veterans Affairs MOVE!© weight management programme.

Methods

Veterans (N = 88) with overweight or obesity who completed the MOVE! weight management programme and self‐identified as having problems with ‘stress‐related eating’ were randomized to four 2‐h weekly ACT sessions or a continued behavioural weight‐loss (BWL) intervention. Assessments were completed at baseline, post‐treatment and 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up on outcomes of interest including measures of disinhibited eating patterns, obesity‐related quality of life, weight‐related experiential avoidance and weight.

Results

The BWL group exhibited significantly greater reductions in binge eating behaviour at post‐treatment compared with the ACT group. Significant improvements in other outcomes were found with minimal differences between groups. In both groups, decreases in weight‐related experiential avoidance were related to improvements in binge eating behaviour.

Conclusions

Taken together, the continued BWL intervention resulted in larger improvements in binge eating behaviour than the ACT intervention. The two groups showed similar improvements in other disinhibited eating outcomes. Future studies are encouraged to determine if more integrated or longer duration of ACT treatment may maximize eating outcomes in MOVE.

Trial Registration Number: This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT01757847).
Halogen bonding as a key interaction in the self‐assembly of iodinated diphenylalanine peptides
Authors: Pizzi Andrea , Catalano Luca , Demitri Nicola , Dichiarante Valentina , Terraneo Giancarlo , Metrangolo Pierangelo
Published: July 2019

The diphenylalanine peptide FF (H2N‐Phe‐Phe‐COOH) is a simple building‐block that has been extensively studied for multiple purposes. Among the many possible mutations finalized to tailor specific functions and properties of FF‐based materials, halogenation was marginally considered despite the huge changes it confers to molecular self‐assembly. Here, we report a detailed study on the role of halogenation, specifically iodination, in the aggregation behavior of iodine‐modified FF dipeptides. Single‐crystal X‐ray structures of mono‐iodinated—F(I)F—and bis‐iodinated—F(I)F(I)—diphenylalanine reveal that halogen atoms exert a key role in the packing features of these compounds. Specifically, halogen bonding provides additional stability to the dry interfaces formed by the aromatic rings, providing a contribution in the solid‐state packing of these dipeptides. The structural evidence of halogen bonding as crucial noncovalent interaction confirms the great potential of halogenation as supramolecular tool for peptide‐based systems.
Microenvironmental Regulation of Long Noncoding RNA LINC01133 Promotes Cancer Stem Cell-Like Phenotypic Traits in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers
Authors: Tu Zhenbo , Schmöllerl Johannes , Cuiffo Benjamin G. , Karnoub Antoine E.
Published: July 2019

The fibrotic tumor microenvironment is a critical player in the pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), with the presence of fibroblastic infiltrates particularly correlating with tumors that are clinically advanced. On this front, we previously demonstrated that TNBCs are highly enriched in fibroblastic stromal progenitor cells called mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and that such cells play critical roles in promoting TNBC initiation and progression. How TNBC cells respond to MSC stimulation, however, is not fully understood, and stands to reveal contextual signals used by TNBC cells during tumor development and provide biomarkers and therapeutic targets of pertinence to TNBC management. Here, we report that MSCs strongly induced the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01133 in neighboring TNBC cells. Indeed, although lncRNAs have been tightly associated with cancer development, their contributions to breast cancer in general, and to TNBC pathogenesis in particular, have not been fully elucidated, and we set out to determine if LINC01133 regulated malignant traits in TNBC cells. We establish that LINC01133 is sufficient, on its own, in promoting phenotypic and growth characteristics of cancer stem cell-like cells, and that it is a direct mediator of the MSC-triggered miR-199a-FOXP2 pathway in TNBC models. Furthermore, we show that LINC01133 is a critical regulator of the pluripotency-determining gene Kruppel-Like Factor 4 (KLF4), and that it represents a biomarker and prognosticator of disease outcome in the clinic. Collectively, our findings introduce LINC01133 as a novel functional driver of malignancy and a potential theranostic in TNBC. Stem Cells  2019;37:1281–1292
Hierarchical Metal–Organic Frameworks with Macroporosity: Synthesis, Achievements, and Challenges
Authors: Doan Huan V. , Amer Hamzah Harina , Karikkethu Prabhakaran Prasanth , Petrillo Chiara , Ting Valeska P.
Published: July 2019

Introduction of multiple pore size regimes into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to form hierarchical porous structures can lead to improved performance of the material in various applications. In many cases, where interactions with bulky molecules are involved, enlarging the pore size of typically microporous MOF adsorbents or MOF catalysts is crucial for enhancing both mass transfer and molecular accessibility. In this review, we examine the range of synthetic strategies which have been reported thus far to prepare hierarchical MOFs or MOF composites with added macroporosity. These fabrication techniques can be either pre- or post-synthetic and include using hard or soft structural template agents, defect formation, routes involving supercritical CO2, and 3D printing. We also discuss potential applications and some of the challenges involved with current techniques, which must be addressed if any of these approaches are to be taken forward for industrial applications.
Multicuspid tooth morphology in a gigantic Palaeocene pycnodont fish: evolutionary and palaeoecological significance
Authors: Vullo Romain , Bardet Nathalie , Gheerbrant Emmanuel , Jalil Nour-Eddine
Published: July 2019

A pycnodont premaxilla bearing a large incisiform tooth with an unusual crown morphology is described from the Palaeocene (Thanetian) phosphate deposits of Morocco. This peculiar tooth shows a broad, fan-shaped multicuspid crown with nine cusps, well adapted for benthic macroalgal scraping. This morph, assigned to a new species ofPycnodus(P. multicuspidatussp. nov.), emphasizes the phenotypic plasticity of the group and documents an additional trophic specialization among Palaeogene pycnodontiform fishes. In the post-K/Pg boundary marine ecosystem of the Ouled Abdoun Basin,P. multicuspidatussp. nov. may have opportunistically replaced Maastrichtian fish taxa with a similar front dentition and feeding behaviour, such as the putative specialized pycnodontiformsStephanodusandHadrodus.
KINSHIP, PROPERTY RELATIONS, AND THE SURVIVAL OF DOUBLE MONASTERIES IN THE EASTERN CHURCH
Authors: SHARIPOVA LIUDMYLA
Published: July 2019

The article examines the enduring phenomenon of double monasticism, the type of religious organization whereby a single monastic unit combined a male and a female community that followed the same rule, recognized the authority of the same superior, and functioned within the boundaries of the same monastic compound or in close proximity to each other, but not in shared quarters. After centuries of evolution since late antiquity, double monasteries effectively ceased to exist in the Latin West by the high middle ages, but demonstrated remarkable staying powers in the sphere of historic Byzantine cultural influences, particularly in Orthodox Eastern Europe and Christian Middle East, where this archaic type of monastic institution survived into the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Based on previously unexplored archival material from the Orthodox lands of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and later the Ukrainian Hetmanate, a semi-autonomous state ruled by elective officers who recognized the tsar of Muscovy as their suzerain, the article analyses the place of kinship structures, economic and political factors, legal frameworks, and the role of the imperial state in the evolution and ultimate decline of the double monastery.
Learner interactions in face-to-face collaborative writing with the support of online resources
Authors: Hsieh Yi Chin
Published: July 2019

This study explores interactions among language learners with the support of online resources in a collaborative writing task and how online resources assisted collaborating learners in the meaning-making process. The study was conducted in the freshman English course at a national university in Taiwan. Fifty-six students constructed an essay in pairs firstly without the support of online resources, and subsequently constructed another essay with the support of online resources. Each pair’s interactional patterns and dynamics of peer scaffolding across the two settings were examined. The findings show that the availability of online resources fosters a variety of interaction characteristics among learners with varied collaboration orientation. Results also suggest that learners’ collaboration predisposition at the onset plays a critical role in influencing the way they used online resources to support their interaction. This study thus suggests that learners’ collaborative patterns and their use of online resources have mutual impact, which may inform teachers seeking to integrate online resources to enhance their students’ collaborative learning.
Positive association of the oriented percolation cluster in randomly oriented graphs
Authors: Bienvenu François
Published: July 2019

Consider any fixed graph whose edges have been randomly and independently oriented, and write {S⇝} to indicate that there is an oriented path going from a vertexs∊Sto vertexi. Narayanan (2016) proved that for any set S and any two verticesiandj, {S⇝i} and {S⇝j} are positively correlated. His proof relies on the Ahlswede–Daykin inequality, a rather advanced tool of probabilistic combinatorics.

In this short note I give an elementary proof of the following, stronger result: writingVfor the vertex set of the graph, for any source setS, the events {S⇝i},i∊V, are positively associated, meaning that the expectation of the product of increasing functionals of the family {S⇝i} fori∊Vis greater than the product of their expectations.
The making of a Pastorian empire: tuberculosis and bacteriological technopolitics in French colonialism and international science, 1890–1940
Authors: Velmet Aro
Published: July 2019

In the early twentieth century, scientists at the Pasteur Institute and its colonial affiliates developed a historically specific form of bacteriological technoscience, which abstracted the human–microbe relationship from its environmental and social context, and created a model for public health governance that operated at the scale of the empire, rather than at the level of individual colonies or regions. Using a case study of tuberculosis management, this article argues that the success of the Pastorian model relied on its technopolitical vision of a universal model of managing human–microbe relations, while, in reality, exploiting precisely those fissures created by the uneven political and scientific landscape of the colonial and scientific world in which it operated. Pastorian bacteriology helped imperial administrators to imagine a globe-spanning, standardized empire, while restricting public health governance to technological innovations, rather than a proposal for social hygiene that would have expanded labour and associational rights for subject populations.
Imperial cooperative experiments and global market capitalism,c.1900–c.1960
Authors: Kamenov Nikolay
Published: July 2019

Concentrating on the connection between the cooperative movements in colonial India and Ghana, the article has two aims. First, it counters the diffusionist story portraying the cooperative institution as indigenous to Europe, from where it was exported to the rest of the world. Second, it draws attention to the contribution and overall importance of cooperatives in the global market economy. Pursuing these two aims, and following a review of the existing literature, the article discusses the development of the cooperative movement in British India between 1900 and 1950. It then turns to the global establishment of the Indian experience as a role model for other colonial regions, notably West Africa. The article then considers the practical implementation of cooperatives in the Gold Coast and Ashanti (both now in Ghana) around 1930, and their development until 1955. Finally, based on the two main cases, as well as on the Cooperative Wholesale Society in Britain, it explores the economic function of cooperatives beyond national particularities, and tentatively analyses the relation of the institution to the broader forces of capitalism.
A functional genetic screen defines the AKT-induced senescence signaling network
Authors: Chan Keefe T. , Blake Shaun , Zhu Haoran , Kang Jian , Trigos Anna S. , Madhamshettiwar Piyush B. , Diesch Jeannine , Paavolainen Lassi , Horvath Peter , Hannan Ross D. , George Amee J. , Sanij Elaine , Hannan Katherine M. , Simpson Kaylene J. , Pearson Richard B.
Published: July 2019

Exquisite regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling is essential for homeostatic control of cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Aberrant activation of this signaling network is an early driver of many sporadic human cancers. Paradoxically, sustained hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway in nontransformed cells results in cellular senescence, which is a tumor-suppressive mechanism that must be overcome to promote malignant transformation. While oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) driven by excessive RAS/ERK signaling has been well studied, little is known about the mechanisms underpinning the AKT-induced senescence (AIS) response. Here, we utilize a combination of transcriptome and metabolic profiling to identify key signatures required to maintain AIS. We also employ a whole protein-coding genome RNAi screen for AIS escape, validating a subset of novel mediators and demonstrating their preferential specificity for AIS as compared with OIS. As proof of concept of the potential to exploit the AIS network, we show that neurofibromin 1 (NF1) is upregulated during AIS and its ability to suppress RAS/ERK signaling facilitates AIS maintenance. Furthermore, depletion of NF1 enhances transformation of p53-mutant epithelial cells expressing activated AKT, while its overexpression blocks transformation by inducing a senescent-like phenotype. Together, our findings reveal novel mechanistic insights into the control of AIS and identify putative senescence regulators that can potentially be targeted, with implications for new therapeutic options to treat PI3K/AKT/mTORC1-driven cancers.
Drp1 and RB interaction to mediate mitochondria-dependent necroptosis induced by cadmium in hepatocytes
Authors: Zhang Shili , Che Lin , He Chengyong , Huang Jing , Guo Nijun , Shi Jiazhang , Lin Yuchun , Lin Zhongning
Published: July 2019

Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) is implicated in cell death induced by heavy metal pollutants. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) regulates mitochondrial fission, which is an important part of MQC. Retinoblastoma (RB) protein can regulate MQC in a transcription-independent manner. Necroptosis plays a critical role in hepatic pathologies such as inflammatory, infectious, and xenobiotics-induced injury and diseases. We aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Drp1 interaction with RB in hepatocyte’s necroptosis caused by cadmium (Cd). CdCl2 was employed to expose to Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice and human hepatic L02 cells. CdCl2 exposure induced necroptosis and hepatic injury both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, Drp1 and RB protein were up-regulated and translocated to mitochondria in CdCl2-exposed hepatocytes. Inhibition of Drp1 with siRNA (siDNM1L) or inhibitors not only suppressed the RB expression and its mitochondrial translocation, but also alleviated MQC disorder, necroptosis, and hepatotoxicity caused by CdCl2. Moreover, blocking Drp1 with metformin rescued necroptosis and hepatic injury triggered by CdCl2. RB was proved to directly interact with Drp1 at mitochondria to form a complex which then bound to receptor interaction protein kinase (RIPK3) and enhanced the formation of necrosome after CdCl2 exposure. In summary, we found a new molecular mechanism of regulated cell death that Drp1 interacted with RB and promoted them mitochondrial translocation to mediate necroptosis and hepatic injury in hepatocytes induced by Cd-exposure. The mitochondrial Drp1-RB axis would be a novel target for the protection cells from xenobiotics triggering hepatic injury and diseases involved in necroptosis.
The exosome-like vesicles from osteoarthritic chondrocyte enhanced mature IL-1β production of macrophages and aggravated synovitis in osteoarthritis
Authors: Ni Zhenhong , Kuang Liang , Chen Hangang , Xie Yangli , Zhang Bin , Ouyang Junjie , Wu Jiangyi , Zhou Siru , Chen Liang , Su Nan , Tan QiaoYan , Luo Xiaoqing , Chen Bo , Chen Shuai , Yin Liangjun , Huang Haiyang , Du Xiaolan , Chen Lin
Published: July 2019

Synovitis, a common clinical symptom for osteoarthritis (OA) patients, is highly related to OA pathological progression and pain manifestation. The activated synovial macrophages have been demonstrated to play an important role in synovitis, but the mechanisms about macrophage activation are still not clear. In this study, we found that the exosome-like vesicles from osteoarthritic chondrocytes could be a new biological factor to stimulate inflammasome activation and increase mature IL-1β production in macrophages. The degraded cartilage explants produced more exosome-like vesicles than the nondegraded ones, while the exosome-like vesicles from chondrocytes could enter into joint synovium tissue and macrophages. Moreover, the exosome-like vesicles from osteoarthritic chondrocytes enhanced the production of mature IL-1β in macrophages. These vesicles could inhibit ATG4B expression via miR-449a-5p, leading to inhibition of autophagy in LPS-primed macrophages. The decreased autophagy promoted the production of mitoROS, which further enhanced the inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β processing. Ultimately, the increase of mature IL-1β may aggravate synovial inflammation and promote the progression of OA disease. Our study provides a new perspective to understand the activation of synovial macrophages and synovitis in OA patients, which may be beneficial for therapeutic intervention in synovitis-related OA patients.
The effect of X-linked dosage compensation on complex trait variation
Authors: Sidorenko Julia , Kassam Irfahan , Kemper Kathryn E. , Zeng Jian , Lloyd-Jones Luke R. , Montgomery Grant W. , Gibson Greg , Metspalu Andres , Esko Tonu , Yang Jian , McRae Allan F. , Visscher Peter M.
Published: July 2019

Quantitative genetics theory predicts that X-chromosome dosage compensation (DC) will have a detectable effect on the amount of genetic and therefore phenotypic trait variances at associated loci in males and females. Here, we systematically examine the role of DC in humans in 20 complex traits in a sample of more than 450,000 individuals from the UK Biobank and 1600 gene expression traits from a sample of 2000 individuals as well as across-tissue gene expression from the GTEx resource. We find approximately twice as much X-linked genetic variation across the UK Biobank traits in males (mean h2SNP = 0.63%) compared to females (mean h2SNP = 0.30%), confirming the predicted DC effect. Our DC estimates for complex traits and gene expression are consistent with a small proportion of genes escaping X-inactivation in a trait- and tissue-dependent manner. Finally, we highlight examples of biologically relevant X-linked heterogeneity between the sexes that bias DC estimates if unaccounted for.
Coherent microwave-photon-mediated coupling between a semiconductor and a superconducting qubit
Authors: Scarlino P. , van Woerkom D. J. , Mendes U. C. , Koski J. V. , Landig A. J. , Andersen C. K. , Gasparinetti S. , Reichl C. , Wegscheider W. , Ensslin K. , Ihn T. , Blais A. , Wallraff A.
Published: July 2019

Semiconductor qubits rely on the control of charge and spin degrees of freedom of electrons or holes confined in quantum dots. They constitute a promising approach to quantum information processing, complementary to superconducting qubits. Here, we demonstrate coherent coupling between a superconducting transmon qubit and a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubit mediated by virtual microwave photon excitations in a tunable high-impedance SQUID array resonator acting as a quantum bus. The transmon-charge qubit coherent coupling rate (~21 MHz) exceeds the linewidth of both the transmon (~0.8 MHz) and the DQD charge qubit (~2.7 MHz). By tuning the qubits into resonance for a controlled amount of time, we observe coherent oscillations between the constituents of this hybrid quantum system. These results enable a new class of experiments exploring the use of two-qubit interactions mediated by microwave photons to create entangled states between semiconductor and superconducting qubits.
Magnetic origami creates high performance micro devices
Authors: Gabler Felix , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Karnaushenko Daniil , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: July 2019

Self-assembly of two-dimensional patterned nanomembranes into three-dimensional micro-architectures has been considered a powerful approach for parallel and scalable manufacturing of the next generation of micro-electronic devices. However, the formation pathway towards the final geometry into which two-dimensional nanomembranes can transform depends on many available degrees of freedom and is plagued by structural inaccuracies. Especially for high-aspect-ratio nanomembranes, the potential energy landscape gives way to a manifold of complex pathways towards misassembly. Therefore, the self-assembly yield and device quality remain low and cannot compete with state-of-the art technologies. Here we present an alternative approach for the assembly of high-aspect-ratio nanomembranes into microelectronic devices with unprecedented control by remotely programming their assembly behavior under the influence of external magnetic fields. This form of magnetic Origami creates micro energy storage devices with excellent performance and high yield unleashing the full potential of magnetic field assisted assembly for on-chip manufacturing processes.
White matter neuron biology and neuropathology in schizophrenia
Authors: Duchatel Ryan J. , Shannon Weickert Cynthia , Tooney Paul A.
Published: July 2019

Schizophrenia is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder as it often manifests before full brain maturation and is also a cerebral cortical disorder where deficits in GABAergic interneurons are prominent. Whilst most neurons are located in cortical and subcortical grey matter regions, a smaller population of neurons reside in white matter tracts of the primate and to a lesser extent, the rodent brain, subjacent to the cortex. These interstitial white matter neurons (IWMNs) have been identified with general markers for neurons [e.g., neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN)] and with specific markers for neuronal subtypes such as GABAergic neurons. Studies of IWMNs in schizophrenia have primarily focused on their density underneath cortical areas known to be affected in schizophrenia such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Most of these studies of postmortem brains have identified increased NeuN+ and GABAergic IWMN density in people with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Whether IWMNs are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia or if they are increased because of the cortical pathology in schizophrenia is unknown. We also do not understand how increased IWMN might contribute to brain dysfunction in the disorder. Here we review the literature on IWMN pathology in schizophrenia. We provide insight into the postulated functional significance of these neurons including how they may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Preparation and mechanism research of Ni-Co supported catalyst on hydrogen production from coal pyrolysis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wen Xin , Kong Tingting , Zhang Lei , Gao Long , Miao Lintian , Li Yong-hui
Published: July 2019

The combustible gas produced by coal pyrolysis can be used as a clean fuel to reduce environmental pollution caused by coal combustion. In order to improve the efficiency of coal pyrolysis to prepare flammable gases, Ni-Co supported pyrolysis catalysts were prepared by equal volume impregnation method using the pyrolysis coke of different pyrolysis final temperatures as the carrier in this study. The effects of different pyrolysis final temperatures and different metal loadings on pyrolysis products were studied. The cracking mechanism of the catalysts was characterized by BET, XRD, XPS and SEM. The results show that: (1) the catalytic efficiency of pyrolysis coke catalyst is mainly related to the metal type and loading of the additive. (2) The optimum preparation conditions for the supported catalyst are: use pyrolysis coke with 750 °C final pyrolysis temperature as the carrier, the loading amount of Ni is 5%, and the loading amount of Co is 8%.
MicroRNA-212-3p inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing CTGF expression
Authors: Chen Jian-qing , Ou Yang-liu , Huang Zhi-ping , Hong Yong-gang , Tao Yuan-ping , Wang Zhen-guang , Ni Jun-sheng , Hao Li-qiang , Lin Hui
Published: July 2019

MicroRNA-212-3p inhibits several human cancers but its effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we show that miR-212-3p is down-regulated in HCC cell lines and tissues, and correlates with vascular invasion (p = 0.001), and the absence of capsule formation (p = 0.009). We found that miR-212-3p influenced the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells. Mechanistically, miR-212-3p repressed cell invasion through the suppression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). We therefore validate the anti-HCC effects of miR-212-3p through its ability to suppress CTGF and subsequent EMT.
Change in the site density and surface acidity of clay minerals by acid or alkali spills and its effect on pH buffering capacity
Authors: Jeon Inhyeong , Nam Kyoungphile
Published: July 2019

Changes in the site density and surface acidity constants (i.e. pKa1 and pKa2) of kaolinite and montmorillonite were determined after acid or alkali spills, and pH buffering capacity was evaluated as a parameter of soil function change. Surface complexation modeling with potentiometric titrations and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that acid or alkali spills did not significantly change the surface properties of kaolinite. In montmorillonite, however, acid spills decreased the basal site density from 832 to 737 mmol kg−1 by dissolving substituted octahedral cations and decreased pKa2 from 7.32 to 5.42 by dissolving SiOH. In response to alkali spills, the basal site density increased to 925 mmol kg−1, and the edge site density increased from 84.8 to 253 mmol kg−1 due to AlOH and SiOH formation; thus, pKa2 decreased to 6.78. The pH buffering capacity of acid- or alkali-spilled kaolinite at pH 6 did not significantly change, while that of acid- or alkali-spilled montmorillonite increased from 30.3 to 35.9 and 56.0 mmol kg−1, respectively. Our results indicate that these spills greatly altered the surface properties of montmorillonite, but unexpectedly, increased the pH buffering capacity of montmorillonite.
Human Polyclonal Antibodies Prevent Lethal Zika Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: Branche Emilie , Simon Ayo Yila , Sheets Nicholas , Kim Kenneth , Barker Douglas , Nguyen Anh-Viet T. , Sahota Harpreet , Young Matthew Perry , Salgado Rebecca , Mamidi Anila , Viramontes Karla M. , Carnelley Trevor , Qiu Hongyu , Elong Ngono Annie , Regla-Nava Jose Angel , Susantono Mercylia Xevana , Valls Cuevas Joan M. , Kennedy Kieron , Kodihalli Shantha , Shresta Sujan
Published: July 2019

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents a major threat to global health. ZIKV infections in adults are generally asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms. However, recent outbreaks of ZIKV have revealed that it can cause Congenital Zika Syndrome in neonates and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Currently, no ZIKV-specific vaccines or antiviral treatments are available. In this study, we tested the efficacy of convalescent plasma IgG hyperimmune product (ZIKV-IG) isolated from individuals with high neutralizing anti-ZIKV titers as a therapeutic candidate against ZIKV infection using a model of ZIKV infection in Ifnar1−/− mice. ZIKV-IG successfully protected mice from lethal ZIKV challenge. In particular, ZIKV-IG treatment at 24 hours after lethal ZIKV infection improved survival by reducing weight loss and tissue viral burden and improving clinical score. Additionally, ZIKV-IG eliminated ZIKV-induced tissue damage and inflammation in the brain and liver. These results indicate that ZIKV-IG is efficacious against ZIKV, suggesting this human polyclonal antibody is a viable candidate for further development as a treatment against human ZIKV infection.
A quantitative study of vapor diffusions for crystallizations: rates and solvent parameter changes
Authors: Wen Michael J. , Jackson Matthew T. , Garner Charles M.
Published: July 2019

Quantitative data on the rates and extents of vapor diffusion for 50 solvent combinations is given to allow more informed planning of such crystallizations.
Microfluidic device for the point of need detection of a pathogen infection biomarker in grapes
Authors: Brás Eduardo J. S. , Fortes Ana Margarida , Chu Virginia , Fernandes Pedro , Conde João Pedro
Published: July 2019

Due to the rise of pathogenic infections amongst crops, there is an increased need for point-of-need monitoring of plant health. In this work we present a portable system capable of detecting signs of infection in grapes using a microfluidic device.
A PEGylated megamer-based microRNA delivery system activatable by stepwise microenvironment stimulation
Authors: Wu Wangteng , Hu Qida , Wang Meng , Shao Shiyi , Zhao Xinyu , Bai Hongzhen , Huang Junming , Tang Guping , Liang Tingbo
Published: July 2019

A biodegradable, oncosensitive, megamer-based delivery system has been developed for microenvironment-activatable miRNA therapy.
Remote conformational responses to enantiomeric excess in carboxylate-binding dynamic foldamers
Authors: Eccles Natasha , Le Bailly Bryden A. F. , della Sala Flavio , Vitórica-Yrezábal Iñigo J. , Clayden Jonathan , Webb Simon J.
Published: July 2019

A zinc(ii)-capped Aib oligomer senses enantiomeric excess and transmits this information to a remote reporter group which provides a 1H spectroscopic output.
Rational redox tuning of transition metal sites: learning from superoxide reductase
Authors: Horch Marius
Published: July 2019

A predictive computational approach provides new perspectives for the understanding and engineering of histidine-containing metalloenzymes.
Electron transfer and intersystem crossing triggered fluorescence quenching detection of mercury ions
Authors: Liu Lei , Sun Bingqing , Mao Yueyuan , Ding Ran
Published: July 2019

The co-effect of electron transfer and intersystem crossing results in the precise fluorescence quenching detection of Hg2+.
Large magnetization modulation in ZnO-based memory devices with embedded graphene quantum dots
Authors: Chen Tong , Chen Wei , Liu Lifu , Wang Yuan , Zhao Xu
Published: July 2019

Large magnetization modulation up to 500% is achieved in ZnO-based memory device under applied biases of only 0.23/−0.20 V through embedding graphene quantum dots.
Structural reconfigurations of nanosheet arrays in layered minerals caused by wave irradiation: desorption mechanism of Cs from nanosheet edges
Authors: Sato Kiminori , Zhao Yong , Kamaya Minori
Published: July 2019

In layered minerals typically available in soil, there exists a high concentration of nanosheet edge sites formed by overlap among two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, which act as heavily adhesive Cs chemisorption sites.
Uncapping the N-terminus of a ubiquitous His-tag peptide enhances its Cu2+ binding affinity
Authors: Wątły J. , Hecel A. , Wieczorek R. , Świątek-Kozłowska J. , Kozłowski H. , Rowińska-Żyrek M.
Published: July 2019

Copper(ii) complexes with the studied His-rich motif are polymorphic, exhibit a 3–10 helix, and are more stable than a His6-tag complex.
Aluminium complex as an efficient catalyst for the chemo-selective reduction of amides to amines
Authors: Das Suman , Karmakar Himadri , Bhattacharjee Jayeeta , Panda Tarun K.
Published: July 2019

Catalytic chemo-selective reduction of tert-amides with pinacolborane (HBpin) to furnish the corresponding tert-amines using an Earth-abundant Al complex under solvent-free, base-free and mild conditions is reported.
Graphitic carbon nitride decorated with FeNi3 nanoparticles for flexible planar micro-supercapacitor with ultrahigh energy density and quantum storage capacity
Authors: Talukdar Meenakshi , Behera Sushant Kumar , Deb Pritam
Published: July 2019

Schematic description of graphitic-C3N4@FeNi3 (pseudocapacitive FeNi3 and electrochemical double layer g-C3N4) heterostructure having energy density and quantum storage capacity for in-plane micro-supercapacitor application.
Synthesis of copper catalysts for click chemistry from distillery wastewater using magnetically recoverable bionanoparticles
Authors: Kimber Richard L. , Parmeggiani Fabio , Joshi Nimisha , Rakowski Alexander M. , Haigh Sarah J. , Turner Nicholas J. , Lloyd Jonathan R.
Published: July 2019

Biogenic magnetite nanoparticles were employed to recover copper from whisky distillery wastewaters, generating an efficient and reusable click chemistry catalyst.
Core–shell structured magnetic silica supported propylamine/molybdate complexes: an efficient and magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst
Authors: Neysi Maryam , Zarnegaryan Ali , Elhamifar Dawood
Published: July 2019

A novel core–shell structured magnetic silica supported propylamine/molybdate complex (Fe3O4@SiO2/Pr-NMo[Mo5O18]) is prepared, characterized and applied as an effective and easily recoverable nanocatalyst in the synthesis of pyrano-pyrazole derivatives.
Low temperature-induced homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction and ternary deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography in the assessment of multiclass pesticide residues in cucumbers
Authors: Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Mohebbi Ali , Tofigh Gharamaleki Vahideh , Abbaspour Maryam , Sorouraddin Saeed Mohammad
Published: July 2019

In this work, a new DES and liquid nitrogen are used as a preconcentration solvent in DLLME and a phase separation agent in HLLE, respectively.
The aromaticity of the phenyl ring imparts thermal stability to a supramolecular hydrogel obtained from low molecular mass compound
Authors: Murali Dhanya Mahalakshmi , Shanmugam Ganesh
Published: July 2019

Using Fmoc-phenylalanine and Fmoc-cyclohexylalanine, we show that the aromaticity of the phenyl ring imparts significant thermal stability to a supramolecular hydrogel system and its significance depends on the method of inducing hydrogelation.
Synthesis of novel pyrazole incorporating a coumarin moiety (PC) for selective and sensitive Co2+detection
Authors: Aqlan Faisal M. , Alam M. M. , Al-Bogami Abdullah S. , Saleh Tamer S. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Uddin Jamal , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: July 2019

An efficient regioselective synthesis of a novel pyrazole derivative containing a coumarin moiety was achieved, which was electrodeposited as PC/Nafion/GCE sensor probe to detect the selective Co2+ions for the safety of environment and healthcare fields.
Smart co-delivery of 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate using disulphide-based PEGylated-nanogels for effective treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Nezhad-Mokhtari Parinaz , Ghorbani Marjan , Mahmoodzadeh Farideh
Published: July 2019

Smart co-delivery of 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate using disulphide-based PEGylated-nanogels.
Liquid-like CNT/SiO2nanoparticle organic hybrid materials as fillers in mixed matrix composite membranes for enhanced CO2-selective separation
Authors: Wang Dechao , Zheng Yaping , Yao Dongdong , Yang Zhiyuan , Xin Yangyang , Wang Feng , Wang Yudeng , Ning Hailong , Wu Hu , Wang Hongni
Published: July 2019

Liquid-like nanoparticle organic hybrid materials with core/canopy/corona were used as fillers in Pebax-1657 matrix to fabricate mixed-matrix membranes. The effect of composite core composition on CO2/N2separation performance was systematically investigated.
Defect evolution in Eu3+, Nb5+ doped and co-doped CeO2: X-ray diffraction, positron annihilation lifetime and photoluminescence studies
Authors: Sudarshan K. , Tiwari V. , Utpalla P. , Gupta S. K.
Published: July 2019

Defects and their influence on light emitting properties were explored in CeO2:Eu,Nb using Rietveld refinement, positron annihilation and luminescence spectroscopy.
Polymer thin film adhesion utilizing the transition from surface wrinkling to delamination
Authors: Son Hyeyoung , Chau Allison L. , Davis Chelsea S.
Published: July 2019

A novel measurement technique is presented that utilizes the transition between surface buckling instabilities (wrinkles to delaminations) to simultaneously quantify the modulus of the film and adhesion of the film to the substrate.