bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing Roles and Contexts: Symbolic Interactionism in the Sharing of Food and Eating Practices between Remote, Intergenerational Family Members
Authors: Panicker Aswati , Basu Kavya , Chung Chia-Fang
Published: May 2020

Cooking and eating together is a prominent social experience amongst families. Older adults and their adult children who live apart often communicate about these experiences to stay aware of each other's health and wellbeing. In this paper, we examine current practices surrounding the communication of eating habits and meal preparation between older adults and their adult children living apart. We interviewed 18 older parents and nine adult children to understand their experiences. While most participants found the sharing of eating experiences to be rewarding and enlightening of family health behaviors, family roles and contexts could create tensions around this type of conversation. Applying the lens of symbolic interactionism theory, we examine how changing roles and contexts influence the conversation of eating and meal preparation and how participants manage tensions. We discuss future design opportunities to support family collaboration around food and eating, accounting for the transition of roles and contexts.
Mitigating Exploitation
Authors: Freeman Guo , Bardzell Jeffrey , Bardzell Shaowen , McNeese Nathan
Published: May 2020

Much HCI research seeks to contribute to technological agendas that lead to more just and participative labor relations and practices, yet that research also raises concerns about forms of exploitation associated with them. In this paper, we explore how U.S. independent [indie] game developers' socio-technological practices inject forms of labor, capital, and production into the game development industry. Our findings highlight that indie game development 1) seeks to promote an alternative to business models of game development that depend on free and immaterial labor; 2) builds offline networks at different scales to develop collectives that can sustain their production; and 3) emphasizes how distributed collaboration, co-creation, and the use of free tools and middleware make game production more widely accessible. The research contributes to HCI research that seeks to explicate and mitigate emerging forms of exploitation enabled by new technologies and processes. Our critical review of indie developers' practices and strategies also extends the current conceptualization of labor and technology in CSCW.
An Experimental Study on Stress Sensitivity of Tight Sandstones with Different Microfractures
Authors: Zhao Xinli , Yang Zhengming , Wang Zhiyuan , Lin Wei , Xiong Shengchun , Luo Yutian , Niu Zhongkun , Xia Debin
Published: May 2020

Aiming at the stress sensitivity problem of tight reservoirs with different microfractures, the cores of H oilfield and J oilfield with different microfractures were obtained through the fractures experiment, so as to study the change of gas permeability in tight sandstone core plug during the change of confining pressure. Besides, we use the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the core before and after saturation to verify whether the core has been successfully fractured. Based on Terzaghi’s effective stress principle, the permeability damage rate (D) and the stress sensitivity coefficient (Ss) are used to evaluate the stress sensitivity of the core, which show consistency in evaluating the stress sensitivity. At the same time, we have studied the petrological characteristics of tight sandstone in detail using thin section (TS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the existence of microfractures is the main factor for the high stress sensitivity of tight sandstone. In addition, because of the small throat of the tight reservoir core, the throat closes when the overlying stress increases. As a result, the tight sandstone pore size is greatly reduced and the permeability is gradually reduced. Therefore, in the development of tight reservoirs, we should not only consider the complex fracture network produced by fracturing, but also pay attention to the permanent damage of reservoirs caused by stress sensitivity.
Civil Aviation Occurrences in Indonesia
Authors: Pramono Agus , Middleton Jason H , Caponecchia Carlo
Published: May 2020

Globally, civil air traffic has been growing rapidly in recent years, and with this growth, there has been a considerable improvement in air safety. However, in Indonesia, the recent rate of incidents and accidents in aviation is far higher than the global average. This study aims to assess civil aviation safety occurrences in Indonesia and, for the first time, to investigate factors contributing to these occurrences within commercial Indonesian aviation operations. In this study, 97 incident/accident investigation reports published by the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee between 2007 and 2015 were analysed. The most common occurrences involved Runway Excursions, Loss of Control In-Flight, and Controlled Flight into Terrain. In terms of the likelihoods of the occurrences and the severity of consequences, Runway Excursions were more common while Loss of Control In-Flight and Controlled Flight into Terrain events were more severe and often involved fatalities. In Indonesia, Runway Excursions were usually nonfatal and comprised 45% of the occurrences for commercial flights, compared to 34% globally. Further, in this study, weather and Crew Resource Management issues were found to be common contributing factors to the occurrences. Weather was a contributing factor for almost 50% of the occurrences involving Indonesian commercial flights. Adverse weather contributed to Loss of Visual Reference for visual flight operations in mountainous areas, which contributed to the majority of Indonesian fatal accidents. The combination of Indonesian monsoon climate and mountainous weather characteristics appears to provide many risks, mitigation of which may require specialist pilot training, particularly for multicrew aircraft. In identifying the main contributing factors, this study will hopefully provide motivation for changes in training and operations to enhance future aviation safety in Indonesia.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase–Regulated Pericyte Maturation Governs Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Figueiredo Ana M. , Villacampa Pilar , Diéguez-Hurtado Rodrigo , José Lozano Juan , Kobialka Piotr , Cortazar Ana Rosa , Martinez-Romero Anabel , Angulo-Urarte Ana , Franco Claudio A. , Claret Marc , Aransay Ana María , Adams Ralf H. , Carracedo Arkaitz , Graupera Mariona
Published: May 2020

Background:

Pericytes regulate vessel stabilization and function, and their loss is associated with diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or cancer. Despite their physiological importance, pericyte function and molecular regulation during angiogenesis remain poorly understood.

Methods:

To decipher the transcriptomic programs of pericytes during angiogenesis, we crossed
Pdgfrb(BAC)-CreER

T2

mice into RiboTag
flox/flox
mice. Pericyte morphological changes were assessed in mural cell-specific R26-mTmG reporter mice, in which low doses of tamoxifen allowed labeling of single-cell pericytes at high resolution. To study the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in pericyte biology during angiogenesis, we used genetic mouse models that allow selective inactivation of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ isoforms and their negative regulator phosphate and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in mural cells.

Results:

At the onset of angiogenesis, pericytes exhibit molecular traits of cell proliferation and activated PI3K signaling, whereas during vascular remodeling, pericytes upregulate genes involved in mature pericyte cell function, together with a remarkable decrease in PI3K signaling. Immature pericytes showed stellate shape and high proliferation, and mature pericytes were quiescent and elongated. Unexpectedly, we demonstrate that PI3Kβ, but not PI3Kα, regulates pericyte proliferation and maturation during vessel formation. Genetic PI3Kβ inactivation in pericytes triggered early pericyte maturation. Conversely, unleashing PI3K signaling by means of PTEN deletion delayed pericyte maturation. Pericyte maturation was necessary to undergo vessel remodeling during angiogenesis.

Conclusions:

Our results identify new molecular and morphological traits associated with pericyte maturation and uncover PI3Kβ activity as a checkpoint to ensure appropriate vessel formation. In turn, our results may open new therapeutic opportunities to regulate angiogenesis in pathological processes through the manipulation of pericyte PI3Kβ activity.
Associations Between Hospital Length of Stay, 30‐Day Readmission, and Costs in ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Nationwide Readmissions Database Analysis
Authors: Jang Sun‐Joo , Yeo Ilhwan , Feldman Dmitriy N. , Cheung Jim W. , Minutello Robert M. , Singh Harsimran S. , Bergman Geoffrey , Wong S. Chiu , Kim Luke K.
Published: May 2020

Background

Readmission after ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) poses an enormous economic burden to the
US
healthcare system. There are limited data on the association between length of hospital stay (
LOS
), readmission rate, and overall costs in patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention for
STEMI
.

Methods and Results

All
STEMI
hospitalizations were selected in the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2014. From the patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention, we examined the 30‐day outcomes including readmission, mortality, reinfarction, repeat revascularization, and hospital charges/costs according to
LOS
(1–2, 3, 4, 5, and >5 days) stratified by infarct locations. The 30‐day readmission rate after percutaneous coronary intervention for
STEMI
was 12.0% in the anterior wall (
AW
)
STEMI
group and 9.9% in the non‐
AW STEMI
group. Patients with a very short
LOS
(1–2 days) were readmitted less frequently than those with a longer
LOS
regardless of infarct locations. However, patients with a very short
LOS
had significantly increased 30‐day readmission mortality versus an
LOS
of 3 days (hazard ratio, 1.91; CI, 1.16–3.16 [
P
=0.01]) only in the
AW STEMI
group. Total costs (index admission+readmission) were the lowest in the very short
LOS
cohort in both the
AW STEMI
group (
P
<0.001) and the non‐AW
STEMI
group (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

For patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention for
STEMI
, a very short
LOS
was associated with significantly lower 30‐day readmission and lower cumulative cost. However, a very short
LOS
was associated with higher 30‐day mortality compared with at least a 3‐day stay in the
AW STEMI
cohort.
Nck1, But Not Nck2, Mediates Disturbed Flow‐Induced p21‐Activated Kinase Activation and Endothelial Permeability
Authors: Alfaidi Mabruka , Bhattarai Umesh , Orr A. Wayne
Published: May 2020

Background

Alteration in hemodynamic shear stress at atheroprone sites promotes endothelial paracellular pore formation and permeability. The molecular mechanism remains unknown.

Methods and Results

We show that Nck (noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase) deletion significantly ameliorates disturbed flow‐induced permeability, and selective isoform depletion suggests distinct signaling mechanisms. Only Nck1 deletion significantly reduces disturbed flow‐induced paracellular pore formation and permeability, whereas Nck2 depletion has no significant effects. Additionally, Nck1 re‐expression, but not Nck2, restores disturbed flow‐induced permeability in Nck1/2 knockout cells, confirming the noncompensating roles. In vivo, using the partial carotid ligation model of disturbed flow, Nck1 knockout prevented the increase in vascular permeability, as assessed by Evans blue and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran extravasations and leakage of plasma fibrinogen into the vessel wall. Domain swap experiments mixing
SH
2 (phosphotyrosine binding) and
SH
3 (proline‐rich binding) domains between Nck1 and Nck2 showed a dispensable role for
SH
2 domains but a critical role for the Nck1
SH
3 domains in rescuing disturbed flow‐induced endothelial permeability. Consistent with this, both Nck1 and Nck2 bind to platelet endothelial adhesion molecule‐1 (
SH
2 dependent) in response to shear stress, but only Nck1 ablation interferes with shear stress–induced
PAK
2 (p21‐activated kinase) membrane translocation and activation. A single point mutation into individual Nck1
SH
3 domains suggests a role for the first domain of Nck1 in
PAK
recruitment to platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 and activation in response to shear stress.

Conclusions

This work provides the first evidence that Nck1 but not the highly similar Nck2 plays a distinct role in disturbed flow‐induced vascular permeability by selective p21‐activated kinase activation.
Moss inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) of the West Indies II: Menudos, a new genus from Puerto Rico and description of methods to collect moss inhabiting flea beetles
Authors: LINZMEIER ADELITA M. , KONSTANTINOV ALEXANDER S.
Published: May 2020

Menudos Linzmeier & Konstantinov, a new genus of moss inhabiting flea beetles, containing five species, three of them are new (M. illariosus, M. maricao, and M. toronegro—the type species of the genus), from Puerto Rico is described and illustrated. The new genus is compared to Aedmon Clark, Apleuraltica Bechyne, Andersonaltica Linzmeier & Konstantinov, Distigmoptera Blake and Ulrica Scherer. Aedmon barberi (Blake, 1943b) and Distigmoptera chamorrae Konstantinov & Konstantinova, 2011 are transferred to Menudos. A key to Menudos species identification is provided. Methods for collecting moss inhabiting flea beetles and other arthropods are described in detail for the first time.
The spider genus Prosoponoides (Araneae: Linyphiidae) in China
Authors: CHEN QIANJUN , ZHONG YANG , LIU JIE , CHEN JIAN
Published: May 2020

The species of Prosoponoides Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 from China are studied, including one new species, Prosoponoides youyiensis Liu & Chen n. sp., and two known species, Prosoponoides hamatum Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 and Prosoponoides sinense (Chen, 1991). Morphological descriptions and illustrations of P. hamatum and P. youyiensis Liu & Chen n. sp. are given, and digital photos of P. sinense are provided.
Phylogenetic relationships and biological features reveal that male Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Northeast China can be categorized into postmedial line-based clades
Authors: HAN XIAO , CHEN RI-ZHAO , LI LAN-BING , WEI XIN , QU MING-BO , KLEIN MICHAEL G. , WANG KE-QIN
Published: May 2020

Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), often called the Asian corn borer, is a complicated pest because of its complex biological features, such as its adult dynamics, host choice, and life span. This complexity has been causing difficulties in both pest forecasting and control for more than 60 years. One likely explanation for this complexity is that O. furnacalis has several varieties that vary based on some specific features. During 2015–2017, postmedial line-based varieties of male O. furnacalis were identified as distinct clades (I, II, and III), which were then compared based on COI gene sequences, male sacculus construction, life span, male dynamics, and host preference. The results showed that: (1) clades II and III were more closely related to each other than Clade I, because they both completed two generations per year, more were captured in 2016 or fewer were captured in 2015, and they were more closely related according to phylogenetic inference; (2) all three clades shared some features, such as life spans under various rearing conditions, similar dynamic trends, and three teeth on the male sacculus; and (3) all three clades were significantly different from O. nubilalis based on genetic sequences, postmedial line pattern of the forewing, and sacculus construction. Overall, if O. furnacalis is categorized into clades, the species’ features are likely to be a combination or mixture of the features of each individual clade. Our findings help explain the biological complexity of O. furnacalis. Future investigations on each individual clade are essential for improving forecasting and control of this pest.
An Eye on the Storm: Integrating a Wealth of Data for Quickly Advancing the Physical Understanding and Forecasting of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Hristova-Veleva Svetla M. , Li P. Peggy , Knosp Brian , Vu Quoc , Turk F. Joseph , Poulsen William L. , Haddad Ziad , Lambrigtsen Bjorn , Stiles Bryan W. , Shen Tsae-Pyng , Niamsuwan Noppasin , Tanelli Simone , Sy Ousmane , Seo Eun-Kyoung , Su Hui , Vane Deborah G. , Chao Yi , Callahan Philip S. , Dunbar R. Scott , Montgomery Michael , Boothe Mark , Tallapragada Vijay , Trahan Samuel , Wimmers Anthony J. , Holz Robert , Reid Jeffrey S. , Marks Frank , Vukicevic Tomislava , Bhalachandran Saiprasanth , Leighton Hua , Gopalakrishnan Sundararaman , Navarro Andres , Tapiador Francisco J.
Published: May 2020

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most destructive natural phenomena with huge societal and economic impact. They form and evolve as the result of complex multiscale processes and nonlinear interactions. Even today the understanding and modeling of these processes is still lacking. A major goal of NASA is to bring the wealth of satellite and airborne observations to bear on addressing the unresolved scientific questions and improving our forecast models. Despite their significant amount, these observations are still underutilized in hurricane research and operations due to the complexity associated with finding and bringing together semicoincident and semicontemporaneous multiparameter data that are needed to describe the multiscale TC processes. Such data are traditionally archived in different formats, with different spatiotemporal resolution, across multiple databases, and hosted by various agencies. To address this shortcoming, NASA supported the development of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Tropical Cyclone Information System (TCIS)—a data analytic framework that integrates model forecasts with multiparameter satellite and airborne observations, providing interactive visualization and online analysis tools. TCIS supports interrogation of a large number of atmospheric and ocean variables, allowing for quick investigation of the structure of the tropical storms and their environments. This paper provides an overview of the TCIS’s components and features. It also summarizes recent pilot studies, providing examples of how the TCIS has inspired new research, helping to increase our understanding of TCs. The goal is to encourage more users to take full advantage of the novel capabilities. TCIS allows atmospheric scientists to focus on new ideas and concepts rather than painstakingly gathering data scattered over several agencies.
‘I never hoped for anything . . . now I have other plans’: The role of microfinance in HIV intervention for women who use drugs and engage in sex work in Kazakhstan
Authors: Vélez-Grau Carolina , El-Bassel Nabila , McCrimmon Tara , Terlikbayeva Assel , Primbetova Sholpan , Mergenova Gaukhar , Bussey Erin , Choudhury Amika , Kalinowska Kasia , Witte Susan S
Published: May 2020

Over the past decade, Kazakhstan has experienced increased cases of HIV, especially among women who engage in sex work and use drugs. Research has examined the efficacy of structural interventions to reduce HIV risk; however, few studies have examined the experiences of women participating in these interventions. This study aimed to understand the perceived impact that HIV risk reduction and savings-led microfinance components of the Nova study had on women’s sexual and drug risk behaviors as well as their capacity for reducing income from sex work and finding alternative sources of income over time. The Nova study is a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted from 2013 to 2018 in Kazakhstan. It examines the efficacy of a combination of HIV risk reduction and microfinance among women who engage in sex work and women who use drugs. Data were drawn from the qualitative component of this study; 56 interviews with 19 participants were conducted. Template analysis and a qualitative trajectory approach were used to understand women’s perceptions of the impact that intervention had over time. Findings indicated that women perceived increased knowledge and skills related to condom use, safe sex practice, and drug use reduction. Women who received the microfinance component described perceived gains on budget management, capacity to plan for their future, and motivation to find alternative sources of income. Giving women the opportunity to express narrative experiences over time regarding the impact of this structural intervention may inform needed cultural adaptations of the intervention components and nuances of the environment in which the intervention is offered.
A vision for integrated social and healthcare services: An experience from Bulgaria
Authors: Tcholakova Maya , Stancheva-Popkostadinova Vaska
Published: May 2020

This article presents the results of a study of practitioners’ and experts’ vision for implementing integrated services that combine healthcare and social work in Bulgaria. Sixty-four respondents ( n = 64) were recruited to participate in interviews ( n = 17) and focus groups ( n = 47). The need for a conceptual clarification and a common vision for integrated social and healthcare services was evident, including the approaches to organization, service provision, management, and funding. More extensive studies about the perspectives for successful integration of healthcare and social services in Bulgaria, based on the analysis of current needs and resources, are required.
Racial Pay Parity in the Public Sector: The Overlooked Role of Employee Mobilization
Authors: Perera Isabel M. , King Desmond
Published: May 2020

Rising economic inequality has aggravated long-standing labor market disparities, with one exception: government employment. This article considers the puzzle of black-white wage parity in the American public sector. African Americans are more likely to work in the public than in the private sector, and their wages are higher there. The article builds on prior work emphasizing institutional factors conditioning this outcome to argue that employee mobilization can motor it. As public sector unions gained political influence postwar, their large constituencies of black, blue-collar workers, drawing on both militant and nonviolent tactics of the urbanizing civil rights movement, advocated for improved working conditions. Archival sources confirm this pattern at the federal level. The employment and activism of African Americans in low-skilled federal jobs pivoted union attention to blue-collar issues and directly contributed to the enactment of a transparent, universal wage schedule for the blue-collar federal workforce (the Federal Wage System). The result was greater pay parity for African Americans, as well as for other disadvantaged groups.
Book review: Anand Singh, Planet, Plants and Animals: Ecological Paradigms in Buddhism
Authors: Saryal Rajnish
Published: May 2020

Anand Singh, Planet, Plants and Animals: Ecological Paradigms in Buddhism (New Delhi: Primus Books, 2019), x + 284 pp.
What attributes should a specialist in rehabilitation have? Seven suggested specialist Capabilities in Practice
Authors: Wade Derick T
Published: May 2020

Problem:

Many services and professionals refer to themselves as providing rehabilitation. There is no agreed method for determining whether someone has specific expertise in rehabilitation. This makes it difficult for patients and payers to know whether professionals who claim to provide rehabilitation are specifically expert in rehabilitation.

Context:

Doctors have a medical speciality of rehabilitation. The medical training curriculum gives attributes that differentiate a rehabilitation specialist from other doctors. Until recently, these attributes were competencies to undertake activities associated with specialization. Apart from nurses, who have at least one, unofficial, curriculum identifying specific competencies, other professions involved in rehabilitation do not have any way to show specialization in rehabilitation.

Capabilities in Practice:

The U.K. General Medical Council accredits specialist medical training. It has moved from specifying multiple practical clinical competencies to specifying fewer high-level ‘Capabilities in Practice’. Six are generic to all doctors, eight identify the trained doctor as having specialist rehabilitation skills. This article adopts this approach to put forward seven generic and seven specialist capabilities to identify any professional as having special expertise in rehabilitation. The seven specialist capabilities centre on the biopsychosocial model of illness and multidisciplinary teamwork. Four of them could be used to define a specialist rehabilitation team.

Conclusion:

Seven capabilities identifying specialization in rehabilitation are put forward for discussion. They could form the basis of a formal recognition that any professional has additional expertise in rehabilitation. A validating authority would be needed to provide oversight and governance.
A case series of suprascapular nerve block (with an historical comparator) for shoulder pain in motor neurone disease
Authors: Shanahan E Michael , Glaezter Karen , Gill Tiffany , Hill Catherine , Graf Scott , Allcroft Peter
Published: May 2020

Background:

Shoulder pain is a distressing but under-reported and poorly managed symptom in people with motor neurone disease.

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of suprascapular nerve block for the management of shoulder pain in patients with motor neurone disease.

Methods:

A total of 27 patients with motor neurone disease and shoulder pain were offered a suprascapular nerve block. Ten of these patients had bilateral shoulder pain and both were injected, making a total of 37 shoulders. The patients were followed up for a total of 3 months, or until death. Shoulder pain was measured using the pain scale (out of 100) of the shoulder pain and disability index and compared with baseline scores and a placebo control group from an earlier study using the same methodology (ACTRN12619000353190).

Results:

Following the nerve block there was a significant improvement of pain scores from baseline (58.4) at week 1 (20.8, p < 0.000), week 6 (17.6, p < 0.000) and week 12 (30.4, p = 0.001) and a significant improvement compared with the control group across each time interval.

Conclusion:

Suprascapular nerve block is a safe, effective therapy for patients with chronic shoulder pain.
Cross-sectional study of drug utilisation in a Chinese neonatal unit
Authors: Yue Yan , Chen Libin , Choonara Imti , Xiong Tao , Ojha Shalini , Tang Jun , Wang Yan , Zeng Linan , Shi Jing , Wang Hua , Mu Dezhi
Published: May 2020

Objective

This study aimed to describe drug utilisation in a large Chinese neonatal unit and to compare the findings with those from other countries.

Methods

Data were collected from electronic medical records. Prescription drugs were defined as the number of unique medication names for each patient. Medicine doses were defined as the total number of doses of all medicines administered. Information was collected regarding drugs prescribed to inpatients between March 1 and April 1 2018 in the neonatal intensive care unit and the general neonatal ward of West China Second University Hospital.

Results

The 319 neonates received 1276 prescription drugs and 11,410 medicine doses involving 81 drugs. Vitamin K1, hepatitis B vaccine, and cefoperazone-sulbactam were the three most frequently prescribed drugs. Antimicrobials were the most frequently used group of medicines, with cefoperazone-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam the most frequently used in an off-label manner. Domperidone and simethicone were both widely used.

Conclusions

The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials differed greatly from those reported for other countries. The evidence base for the use of some medicines is poor, and is indicative of irrational prescribing.
Traditional three-dimensional printing technology versus three-dimensional printing mirror model technology in the treatment of isolated acetabular fractures: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Yu Cong , Yu Weiguang , Mao Shuai , Zhang Peiru , Zhang Xinchao , Zeng Xianshang , Han Guowei
Published: May 2020

Objective

This study was performed to compare the clinical outcomes of traditional three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and 3D printing mirror model technology in the treatment of isolated acetabular fractures.

Methods

Prospectively maintained databases were reviewed to retrospectively compare patients with an isolated acetabular fracture who were treated with traditional 3D printing technology (Group T) or 3D printing mirror model technology (Group M) from 2011 to 2017. In total, 146 advanced-age patients (146 hips) with an isolated acetabular fracture (Group T, n = 72; Group M, n = 74) were assessed for a mean follow-up period of 29 months (range, 24–34 months). The primary endpoint was the postoperative Harris hip score (HHS). The secondary endpoints were the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy screening time, fracture reduction quality, and incidence of postoperative complications at the final follow-up.

Results

The HHS, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy screening time, and incidence of postoperative complications were significantly different between the groups, with Group M showing superior clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

In patients with an isolated acetabular fracture, 3D printing mirror model technology might lead to more accurate and efficient treatment than traditional 3D printing technology.
Diagnosis of pulmonary cement embolism using only the bone window setting on computed tomography: a case report
Authors: Jang Eun Chul , Ryu Wookyung , Woo Seong Yong , Kim Jung Soo , Lee Kyung-Hee , Ryu Jeong-Seon , Kwak Seung Min , Lee Hong Lyeol , Nam Hae-Seong
Published: May 2020

Pulmonary cement embolism (PCE) is one of several complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Generally, PCE can be easily diagnosed based on typical chest radiograph findings such as single or multiple radiographically dense opacities with a tubular or branch shape in the lung field along with a recent history of percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. These findings can be alarming and may be encountered on routine chest radiographs, even in asymptomatic patients. One study showed that PCEs that were not visualized on chest radiograph were also not shown on chest computed tomography. However, we encountered a patient with dyspnea who had normal chest radiograph findings but was diagnosed with PCE through only the bone window setting on chest computed tomography. The present case will be beneficial to all physicians examining older patients with dyspnea.
Risk factors associated with symptoms of post-extubation upper airway obstruction in the emergency setting
Authors: Shinohara Mafumi , Iwashita Masayuki , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro
Published: May 2020

Objective

Post-extubation stridor and hoarseness are important clinical manifestations that indicate laryngeal edema due to intubation. In previous studies the incidence of post-extubation stridor and hoarseness ranged from 1.5% to 26.3% in postoperative patients and patients in the intensive care unit. Female sex and prolonged intubation are reportedly risk factors for post-extubation stridor. However, the risk factors for post-extubation stridor and the appropriate endotracheal tube size in emergency settings remain unknown. This study was performed to identify the risk factors for post-extubation laryngeal edema after emergency intubation.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary emergency medical center/trauma center. The primary outcome was post-extubation stridor and hoarseness.

Results

During the study period, 482 emergency intubations and 227 extubations were performed in adult patients. In total, 29% of the patients presented symptoms of stridor and/or hoarseness. Female sex (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–5.81) and the duration of intubation (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.32) were associated with stridor and/or hoarseness.

Conclusions

Patients who undergo emergency intubation have a higher risk of post-extubation upper airway obstruction symptoms than postoperative patients and patients in the intensive care unit, and female sex is associated with these symptoms.
Morality and mortality: The dialogical interpretation of Psalm 90 in the book of Job
Authors: Kynes Will
Published: May 2020

This article identifies dialogical interpretation in Job as a form of aggadic inner-biblical exegesis. Job and the friends frequently attack each other through allusions to each other’s words. This interpretive dispute spreads into their allusions to other texts, which are drawn into the dialogue and caught up in the conflict. Job and the friends frequently interpret these texts differently, capitalizing on their tensions and manipulating them into weapons in their debate. Ps. 90, with its ambiguous presentation of specific and universal referents, God as deliverer and destroyer, and human transience as punishment and grounds for pity, becomes one of these weapons. While the friends appeal to the psalm to urge Job from complaint to confession, Job incorporates it into his divine confrontation. By depicting this contentious dialectic between his characters’ interpretations, the Job poet produces a meta-interpretation that represents the psalm’s conflicted advocation for sufferers courageously to confront God.
Yhwh, Moses, and Pharaoh: Masculine competition as rhetoric in the exodus narrative
Authors: Purcell Richard Anthony
Published: May 2020

This article contends that ancient Near Eastern gender ideals concerning masculinity are brought to bear by the Exodus narrative to shape an effective rhetoric, a rhetoric which compares and contrasts the primary male characters of the narrative: Yhwh, Moses, and Pharaoh. The text portrays these male characters as variously fulfilling or failing to meet ancient Near East masculine ideals in order to array Yhwh, Moses, and Pharaoh in relation to one another as effective males. In doing so, the text casts Yhwh as a male character who meets the ideal, Pharaoh as a male character who falls short of the ideal, and Moses as a male character who wavers in between the two. By drawing upon ancient gender ideals to shape its rhetoric, the text reinforces these gender ideals, rather than deconstructing them.
Whale geography: A species-centric approach applied to migration
Authors: Burnham RE
Published: May 2020

Understanding the biogeography of a species begins by mapping its presence over time and space. The use of home ranges, breeding and feeding areas, migration paths and movement patterns between the two are also inherent to their ecology. However, this is an overly simplified view of life histories. It ignores nuanced and complex exchanges and responses to the environment and between conspecifics. Having previously advocated for a more species-centric approach in a discussion of ‘whale geography’, I look to better understand the driving factors of migrations, and the information streams guiding the movement, which is key to the biogeography of large whale species. First, I consider the processes underlying the navigation capacities of species to complete migration, and how, and over what scales, sensory information contributes to cognitive maps. I specifically draw on examples of large-scale, en masse migrators to then apply this to whales. I focus on the acoustic sense as the principal way whales gain and exchange information, drawing on a case study of grey whale ( Eschrichtius robustus) calling behaviour to illustrate my arguments. Their consistent employment of far-propagating calls appears to be tied to travel behaviours and probably aids navigation and social cohesion. The range over which calls are being propagated to conspecifics, or perhaps being echoed back to the individual, underlies the distance over which the cognitive maps are being both formed and employed. I believe understanding these processes edges us closer to understanding species biogeography.
Princely Crime and Colonial Punishment: A Murder Case in Historical Investigation
Authors: Vanina Eugenia
Published: May 2020

The article is based upon an archival file comprising the documents of Ram Singh, the Raja of Bharatpur, allegedly shooting dead his personal servant Kiddu. This criminal case, investigated by two British officers, provided the British colonial authorities with an opportunity to depose the Raja, thus rectifying their own mistake of enthroning him. The documents disclose an inefficient investigation and offer an insight into the British attitudes to Indian native states and policies concerning the succession and deposition of their rulers.
Caregiver Burden and Compassion Fatigue Among Arab Family Caregivers of Older Relatives
Authors: Khalaila Rabia
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

To examine the associations and the mechanisms between caregiver burden and compassion fatigue among family caregivers.

Method:

A cross-sectional study comprising 300 family caregivers of older relatives in Arab communities in Israel was conducted. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews in Arabic using structured questionnaires to identify factors associated with compassion fatigue (using a secondary traumatization stress scale). Bootstrapping with resampling strategies tested the multiple mediator model.

Main findings:

The results show a significant total effect of caregiver burden on compassion fatigue ( b = 3.79, t(300) = 3.47, p < .001; R2 =.50). This association was found to be partially mediated by family support ( B = .81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23, 1.85) and disengagement coping ( B = .97, 95% CI = 0.19, 2.14), but was not mediated by engagement coping strategies.

Conclusion:

Compassion fatigue is prevalent among family caregivers and requires more attention from professionals and policymakers.
Papilledema in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP): A Pediatric Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Abrams Aaron W. , Sah Jeetendra P. , Pavlakis Steven G.
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To analyze the available literature on papilledema in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), report the first detailed pediatric case, and explore the underlying pathophysiology.

Methods:

First, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of all cases of papilledema in CIDP. Next, we reviewed each case, incorporating only those including cerebrospinal fluid analysis into the results. Finally, we present our pediatric patient.

Results:

Our literature review yielded a total of 9 adult and no pediatric cases. Cerebrospinal fluid protein and opening pressures were elevated in all cases. They were also elevated in our pediatric case.

Conclusion:

Prolonged periods of active immune-mediated inflammation is likely a cause of papilledema in adult CIDP, and possibly also in our pediatric case.
From Transportation Equity to Transportation Justice: Within, Through, and Beyond the State
Authors: Karner Alex , London Jonathan , Rowangould Dana , Manaugh Kevin
Published: May 2020

Transportation policies, plans, and projects all flow through state institutions because of the substantial cost of infrastructure and the need to assess transportation system performance, including equity implications. But environmental justice scholarship interrogates the state’s role in perpetuating injustice. Most research and planning practice related to transportation equity has relied upon state-sponsored analytical methods. Transportation planners and scholars can benefit from critical assessments of these approaches. We propose a shift in focus from transportation equity to a broader consideration of transportation justice that is more closely aligned with models of social change promulgated in the environmental justice literature and by related movements.
The Role of Interpersonal Sexual Objectification in Heterosexual Intimate Partner Violence From Perspectives of Perceivers and Targets
Authors: Sáez Gemma , Riemer Abigail R. , Brock Rebecca L. , Gervais Sarah J.
Published: May 2020

Sexual objectification is a subtle manifestation of sexist discrimination and violence against women that involves seeing and treating women as sex objects of male sexual desire. The primary aim of this research was to connect sexual objectification experiences with heterosexual intimate partner violence. This set of studies examined the impact of sexual objectification on intimate partner violence for both the female victim (Study 1) and the male perpetrator (Study 2). Female (Study 1) and male (Study 2) participants were asked to rate the extent they are victims or perpetrators of sexual objectification experiences and intimate partner violence. Moreover, women’s self-silencing and men’s ascriptions of humanity and empathy (through empathic concern and perspective taking) toward their partner was assessed. The results of the first study (including 154 heterosexual women) showed that general sexual objectification victimization indirectly leads to higher psychological and physical violence through the internalization of self-silence schemas. The second study (including 165 heterosexual men) demonstrated a link between general sexual objectification perpetration and psychological and physical intimate partner violence. Moreover, the relation between men’s perpetration of objectification and intimate partner violence was mediated by ascriptions of humanity and empathic concern toward their female partner (but not through perspective taking toward her). Results of both studies demonstrate the effect of sexual objectification (as target or perpetrator) on global intimate partner violence and explain the different psychological mechanisms through which it takes place depending on the gendered perspective. Theoretical implications and practical considerations for interventions on intimate partner violence are discussed.
Radiation synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol/acrylic acid/magnesium oxide composite hydrogel for removal of boron from its aqueous solution
Authors: Abdel Ghaffar Ashraf M , Abou El Fadl Faten I , El-Sawy Naeem M
Published: May 2020

Various compositions of polyvinyl alcohol/acrylic acid Poly(PVA/AAc) hydrogels are prepared using of gamma radiation. The properties of the prepared poly(PVA/AAc) hydrogel and poly(PVA/AAc/magnesium oxide (MgO)) composite hydrogel were characterized by various techniques such as fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy. The TEM and XRD patterns of MgO nanoparticles indicate that the MgO with average particle size ranged from 18.11 nm to 45.6 nm. The gel (%) of the prepared poly(PVA/AAc) hydrogel with different contents of AAc increased with increasing both irradiation dose and AAc content. The swelling (%) of poly(PVA/AAc) hydrogel at different irradiation doses and different AAc contents found to be decreased with increasing both irradiation dose and AAc contents. The effect of incorporation of MgO nanoparticles into the poly(PVA/AAc) hydrogel matrix for absorption of boron from aqueous solution under various factors such as different concentrations of boron, different concentrations of MgO, and at different treatment times was investigated. From the study, the modified poly(PVA: AAc/MgO) composite hydrogel with composition (80:20 vol.%/5 wt%) has higher substitution, macroporous structure and characterized by better performance in swelling and boron uptake capacity than poly(PVA/AAc) hydrogel with composition (80/20 vol.%). The high absorption of boron indicates complex formation via ion exchange and chelation between poly(PVA/AAc/MgO) and boron due to the presence of different moieties provided by acrylic–acrylic, acrylic-PVA, and PVA-PVA.
Theoretical energy performance assessment and environmental impact of various new ozone-friendly refrigerants used in residential air conditioners
Authors: Vali Shaik Sharmas , Ashok Babu TP
Published: May 2020

This study focuses on energy performance investigation and environmental impact analysis of various new ecofriendly refrigerant blends as alternatives to high global warming potential refrigerant R22 theoretically. In this study, 23 refrigerants were considered at various composition. The present work considered the practical vapour compression refrigeration cycle for the performance assessment of various R22 alternatives. Essential studies such as toxicity, flammability, and total equivalent warming index of various novel refrigerants were also conducted in this study. Results obtained from practical vapour compression refrigeration cycle revealed that the energy efficiency ratio of refrigerants such as R1270 (2.860) and RB03 (R290/R152a of 60/40 in mass %) (2.854) was closer to the energy efficiency ratio of R22 (2.940). Volumetric refrigeration capacity (VRC) of R1270 (3293 kJ/m3) was similar to that of R22 (3297 kJ/m3) whereas VRC of RB03 (2908 kJ/m3) was almost similar to that of R407C (2925 kJ/m3) which was an alternative to R22. Compressor discharge temperature of RB03 was 15.78 ℃ lower when compared to R22. Flammability study revealed that all the new refrigerant blends (RB01 to RB04) were classified into weakly flammable (A2) and flammable (A3) category refrigerants whereas toxicity study revealed that all the investigated refrigerants were classified into non-toxic group (A). Refrigerant blend RB03 was less flammable compared to R1270. Total equivalent warming index analysis revealed that the environmental impact of R422A was 27.88% higher than R22 whereas RB03 has 4.97% lower environmental impact compared to R22. Overall, performance of refrigerant blend RB03 was better compared to 23 investigated refrigerants and it was very nearer to the performance of R22 and hence, it could be considered as an ecofriendly alternative to replace high global warming potential refrigerant R22 used in air conditioners.
Optimal control of rapid cooperative spacecraft rendezvous with multiple specific-direction thrusts
Authors: Su Piaoyi , Feng Weiming , Kun Yang , Junfeng Zhao
Published: May 2020

Focusing on the long-distance rapid cooperative rendezvous of two spacecraft under finite continuous thrust, this paper proposes a practical strategy for space operation using multiple specific-direction thrusts. Based on the orbital dynamic theory and Pontryagin’s maximum principle, the dynamic equations and optimal control equations for radial, circumferential, and normal thrust are determined. The optimization method is a hybrid algorithm. The initial costate variables for the fuel-optimal rapid cooperative rendezvous problem are obtained using quantum particle swarm optimization and subsequently set as the initial values in the sequence quadratic programming to search for the exact convergent solution. The elliptical and near-circular mission orbital rendezvous for spacecraft with multiple specific-direction thrusts are simulated and optimized. Numerical examples verifying the proposed method are provided. The results facilitate easier realization of rapid spacecraft maneuvering under continuous thrust conditions.