bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Danmaku Related to Video Content Facilitates Learning
Authors: Zhang Yabo , Qian Aiping , Pi Zhongling , Yang Jiumin
Published: November 2018

Massive open online courses are one of the most prominent trends in higher education in recent years. Instructional videos play a significant role in the massive open online courses platform. This study tested the impact of sending danmaku related to video content versus sending danmaku not related to video content versus not sending danmaku in instructional video. We assessed students’ achievement, learning satisfaction, social presence, and cognitive load. Adopting a quasi-experimental design, we collected data from 137 participants. Result revealed that the danmaku related to video content improved social presence, learning satisfaction, and learning achievement but created more cognitive load.
Emerging Black Scholars: Critical Reflections on the Impact of the Association of Black Psychologists
Authors: Woodyard Oba T. , Gadson Cecile A.
Published: November 2018

This article highlights two Student Circle members’ reflections on how the Association of Black Psychologists (ABPsi) has had an impact on their development as emerging scholars, clinicians, and advocates in African (Black) psychology. The emerging scholars share their personal training experiences at a predominately White institution and historical Black college/university. Reflections also include how ABPsi members and scholarly works have influenced their identities as future African (Black) psychologists. In addition, the history, meaning, and personal experience with jegnaship will be discussed. Finally, this reflection concludes with a call to action for students to get involved in shaping the future of ABPsi.
The Eight Hour Sleep Challenge During Final Exams Week
Authors: Scullin Michael K.
Published: November 2018

Many students and educators know that sleep is important to learning, yet there exists a gap between their knowledge and behavior. For example, fewer than 10% of students sleep 8 hr before final exams. In the context of two undergraduate courses on sleep ( N = 34), students could earn extra credit if they averaged ≥8.0 hr of sleep during final exams week. Sleep/wake patterns were monitored objectively using actigraphy. The 24 students who opted in to the challenge averaged 8.5 hr of sleep ( n = 17 succeeded). Short sleep (≤6.9 hr) occurred on only 11% of nights, significantly less than early-semester baseline (51%) and comparison group (65%) data. On the final exam, students who slept ≥8.0 hr performed better than students who opted out or slept ≤7.9 hr, even after controlling for prefinal grades. The 8-hr sleep challenge provides proof of principle that many students can maintain optimal sleep while studying, without sacrificing test performance.
Human Rights: What Possibilities of Universalization?
Authors: Duarte Alice
Published: November 2018

The history of international law is, to a certain extent, the history of the efforts undertaken to minimize or mitigate the effects of armed conflicts and human suffering. The aim of this article is to discuss the possibilities of an effective universalization of human rights today. It begins by identifying the medieval and humanist antecedents of international law and of what came to be the modern discourse of human rights. The historical data analyzed shed light on how the emergence of an idea of compassion for the Other, without exceptions, did not find sufficient grounds in the religious argument, and how to overcome it was the required condition for perceiving the Other as a similar being in more absolute terms. At the same time, these historical data make it quite clear how such a trajectory is, essentially, European or Western in nature. Then, in the second part of the article, I argue that the adjective “universal” is still inadequate to describe the current situation of human rights, but the possibility of it becoming appropriate is nevertheless not rejected. Such possibility will depend on the effective consolidation of an intercultural approach to human rights. Only then can we appropriately talk about the universality of human rights, the political dimension of such a change being unquestionable.
Prospecting Facebook: the limits of the economy of attention
Authors: Elmer Greg
Published: November 2018

This article questions the utility and universality of the attention economy framework in social media studies, specifically as a critique for dominant industry players such as Facebook. The article proposes a speculative theory of political economy, looking to Facebook’s prospectus as a key document and step in the process of social media financialization.
Media Marathoning Through Health Struggles: Filling a Social Reservoir
Authors: Perks Lisa G.
Published: November 2018

This essay uses grounded theory to analyze interviews with a dozen people who media marathoned while going through a health struggle. Three prominent relationship-focused themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Interviewees experienced “parasocial encouragement,” drawing inspiration from characters’ perseverance; (2) interviewees often marathoned stories recommended by family or friends, which led to conversations about the stories; and (3) interviewees struggling with depression or anxiety were able to learn more about human relationships through media and to use media engagement experiences as springboards for communication. In sum, through the cultivation of social support and social capital, media marathoning experiences helped study participants buildup and draw from a meaningful social reservoir in their time of enhanced need for connection. The social reservoir metaphor captures media marathoning’s embeddedness in a rich social environment of real and fictive others, with relationships that can both precede and live on beyond the media engagement experience.
Social control in the networked city: Datafied dividuals, disciplined individuals and powers of assembly
Authors: Iveson Kurt , Maalsen Sophia
Published: November 2018

Consciously or unconsciously, urban inhabitants in digitally networked cities leave traces of themselves every time they interact with the digital devices and infrastructures that have become taken-for-granted parts of daily life. There have been lively discussions about the nature of social control and modes of power in such urban contexts. According to some, modulatory mechanisms of power characteristic of the digitally networked city have superseded disciplinary modes of control. This is said to involve the fragmentation of individuals into discrete units of dividual data. We argue that the shift from disciplinary to modulatory control should not be overstated. Rather, disciplinary and modulatory modes of control work together across a spectrum of personhood, from individual to dividual. Understanding the co-existence of, and the relationships between, these two forms of social control is essential for thinking through the urban politics of data and control. Our article illustrates this contention with three vignettes of how the dividualised data associated with discrete digital infrastructures and systems are also being ‘re-assembled’ by various authorities seeking to discipline the behaviour of individuals. It concludes with a discussion of such powers of re-assembly and their critical importance to the politics of control in digitally networked cities.
Effects of adolescent caffeine consumption on cocaine self-administration and reinstatement of cocaine seeking
Authors: Larson Tracey A , O’Neill Casey E , Palumbo Michaela P , Bachtell Ryan K
Published: November 2018

Background:

Caffeine consumption by children and adolescents has risen dramatically in recent years, yet the lasting effects of caffeine consumption during adolescence remain poorly understood.

Aim:

These experiments explore the effects of adolescent caffeine consumption on cocaine self-administration and seeking using a rodent model.

Methods:

Sprague-Dawley rats consumed caffeine for 28 days during the adolescent period. Following the caffeine consumption period, the caffeine solution was replaced with water for the remainder of the experiment. Age-matched control rats received water for the duration of the study. Behavioral testing in a cocaine self-administration procedure occurred during adulthood (postnatal days 62–82) to evaluate how adolescent caffeine exposure influenced the reinforcing properties of cocaine. Cocaine seeking was also tested during extinction training and reinstatement tests following cocaine self-administration.

Results:

Adolescent caffeine consumption increased the acquisition of cocaine self-administration and increased performance on different schedules of reinforcement. Consumption of caffeine in adult rats did not produce similar enhancements in cocaine self-administration. Adolescent caffeine consumption also produced an upward shift in the U-shaped dose response curve on cocaine self-administration maintained on a within-session dose-response procedure. Adolescent caffeine consumption had no effect on cocaine seeking during extinction training or reinstatement of cocaine seeking by cues or cocaine.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that caffeine consumption during adolescence may enhance the reinforcing properties of cocaine, leading to enhanced acquisition that may contribute to increased addiction vulnerability.
Public Values Theory: What Is Missing?
Authors: Fukumoto Eriko , Bozeman Barry
Published: November 2018

Scholars of public value and public values have sought to develop theory by defining, identifying, classifying, and measuring the values, some of which articulate theoretical problems and prescriptions such as values pluralism and the scope of the concept itself. Despite the richness of both theoretical and empirical developments, scholars of public values recognize the fragmentation of related research and seek to re-think and re-organize studies of public values. Considering these works, this current study is an effort to articulate and synthesize the issues in the research approach in public values. Our study provides an overview of public values theory and research with an emphasis on major developments related to value classification schemes and analytical frameworks. The study examines three problems in theory research of public values, namely, the identification problem, motivation problem, and instrument problem. After describing the detailed problems with some examples, the authors suggest approaches to the improvement of theory and research in public values, emphasizing the utility of longitudinal and historical studies.
Vagabonds at the Margins: Acculturation, Subalterns, and Competing Worth
Authors: Sreekumar Hari , Varman Rohit
Published: November 2018

This study examines the cultural experiences of subaltern migrants from Kerala, India to the Middle East. It draws upon the French pragmatic sociology with attention to convention theory to cast in sharp relief different interpretations of worth that influence subaltern migrants or vagabonds as Zygmunt Bauman has labelled them. This study shows that vagabonds use different regimes of worth and justification to resist domination and to shape their cultural encounters with host and home cultures. It explains how existing acculturation research lacks insights about worth and regimes of justification that hinder it from fully understanding the role of domination and cultural experiences of subalterns.
Lung cancer detected on coronary artery calcium scoring computed tomography: factors delaying diagnosis and predictors of survival
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Suh Young Joo , Nam Kyungsun , Choi Byoung Wook
Published: November 2018

Background

Lung cancers are occasionally detected on coronary artery calcium (CAC)-scoring computed tomography (CT). However, the cause of delayed diagnosis and prognostic factors have not been studied.

Purpose

To investigate the causes of delayed diagnosis of lung cancer in patients who undergo CAC-scoring CT and to identify predictors of mortality.

Material and Methods

A total of 151 patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer and had undergone CAC-scoring CT from January 2010 to December 2014 were retrospectively enrolled. The reasons for delayed diagnosis were reviewed. Follow-up data on all-cause mortality were obtained. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify predictors of mortality. Analyses of solid and subsolid subgroups were performed.

Results

Among the 151 patients, 86 lesions (56.9%) were solid and 63 (41.7%) were subsolid. The main causes of delayed diagnosis were detection (48%) and interpretation (22%) errors. Age, size, unresectable stage at the time of diagnosis, and stage shift were independent prognostic factors throughout the entire and in the solid subgroup (all P < 0.2). There were no significant prognostic factors in the subsolid subgroup.

Conclusion

In conclusion, avoidance of detection and interpretation errors may prevent delayed diagnosis of lung cancer on CAC-scoring CT. Older age, larger tumor size, unresectable stage at the time of diagnosis, and stage shift were associated with poor survival in patients with solid lung cancers but not in those with subsolid lung cancers.
The spatial consequences of the housing affordability crisis in England
Authors: Szumilo Nikodem
Published: November 2018

This paper discusses the impact of housing affordability on the spatial distribution of productivity and wages. The key theoretical contribution is to phrase the problem as an issue of the composition (rather than the level) of housing demand and link it to heterogeneous preferences and characteristics of households. Using a simple simulation methodology, the study estimates levels of amenity values and wages that would make current house prices as affordable as they were in 1995 in all English local authority districts. Although average wages would be unlikely to increase if housing was more affordable, productivity across England would probably be higher as the spatial distribution of economic activity would change. The key conclusions are that (1) unaffordable housing has significant economic implications; and (2) policy aimed at improving housing affordability should consider targeting housing demand as well as supply.
The use of charge-coupled device cameras for characterizing the mean deflected shape of an aerospace panel during broadband excitation
Authors: Lopez-Alba Elias , Sebastian Christopher M , Christian William JR , Patterson Eann A
Published: November 2018

In vibration experiments demanding long-duration measurements, traditional point-wise techniques are often employed, despite the availability of high-speed digital image correlation. This is due to the high volume of images generated by the latter technique, which limit acquisition times and lengthen post-processing times. In this experimental investigation, it is demonstrated that standard frame rate charge-coupled device cameras yield results for the mean deflected shape of a reinforced aerospace panel subject to a random broadband excitation between 0 and 800 Hz that are not statistically different to those from high-speed cameras. The images from both types of camera were processed using digital image correlation to generate out-of-plane displacement maps, which were then decomposed using Chebyshev descriptors for ease of comparison and to determine the mean deflected shape. The results indicate that, with appropriate sampling rates and durations, standard frame rate charge-coupled device cameras can be used to study broadband random excitation behavior of structures when mean behavior needs to be characterized over long time scales compared to the excitation wavelengths. This is contrary to accepted procedures, but offers comparable accuracy with substantially reduced computational resources compared to using high-speed cameras, as well as effectively unlimited data acquisition periods, which is useful in condition monitoring, for example.
Changes in Perianchor Cyst Formation Over Time After Rotator Cuff Repair: Influential Factors and Outcomes
Authors: Chung Seok Won , Lee Yong-Soo , Kim Ja-Yeon , Lee Jung-Ho , Ki Se-Young , Oh Kyung-Soo , Yoon Jong Pil , Kim Joon Yub
Published: November 2018

Background:

There is a lack of knowledge about the changes in perianchor cysts over time and the factors related to perianchor cysts.

Purpose:

To evaluate the changes in perianchor cyst formation and anchor absorption over time after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with a biocomposite suture anchor and to evaluate the factors affecting perianchor cyst persistence and their relationship with patient outcomes.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Forty consecutive patients (mean age, 61.10 ± 5.79 years) who underwent arthroscopic repair for medium- to large-sized rotator cuff tears using a single type of biocomposite (poly-L-lactic acid/polyglycolic acid–beta tricalcium phosphate) medial-row anchor were prospectively enrolled. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 2 different time points (6 and 18 months) was performed, and perianchor cyst formation, anchor absorption, and healing failures were evaluated using postoperative MRI. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and functional outcomes at a minimum of 18 months after surgery were assessed.

Results:

Perianchor cysts were observed in 24 patients (60.0% total; grade 1: 35.0%; grade 2: 10.0%; grade 3: 7.5%; grade 4: 7.5%) at 6 months, and 7 patients (18.4% total; grade 1: 7.9%; grade 2: 5.3%; grade 3: 2.6%; grade 4: 2.6%) had a persistent perianchor cyst at 18 months after surgery. No anchors were absorbed at 6 months, but 73.7% of patients revealed complete or near-full absorption at 18 months. Patients with persistent perianchor cysts showed a significantly larger tear size in the anteroposterior dimension ( P = .002) and greater retraction ( P < .001). There were no differences in healing failures and functional outcomes between patients with and without persisting perianchor cysts (all P > .05). No differences were found in perianchor cyst formation and anchor absorption between anchors inserted in the greater tuberosity and the lesser tuberosity (all P > .05).

Conclusion:

The incidence and severity of perianchor cysts decreased with time, and most biocomposite suture anchors were absorbed at 18 months after surgery. Persisting perianchor cysts correlated with a larger tear size in the anteroposterior dimension and greater retraction.
Academics as knowledge entrepreneurs
Authors: Brustureanu Bogdan
Published: November 2018

This is an exploratory study aimed at translating concepts developed in the frame of commercial entrepreneurship studies to the university setting. Analogy is used in a particular manner that is to look for structural similarities between commercial entrepreneurship and the way knowledge is created and organized. The first step is to introduce the notion of academic opportunity. This becomes the basis for opening up a new perspective by introducing a new discourse in the practice of entrepreneurship, the academic discourse. The next step is to discuss the role of academic networks and their possible connections with the network approach in the business formation. The final part of the article contains three examples illustrating the notions introduced and discussed in the previous sections.
Wound healing and inflammation characteristics of the submicrometric mats prepared from electrospinning
Authors: Gong Wenbin , Li Junsheng , Ren Guanghui , Lv Lanxin
Published: November 2018

Wound healing is a dynamic, complex process. Electrospun submicrometric fibers have the high surface-to-volume ratio, high porosity, and mimicking the native extracellular matrix and have unique properties in wound tissue process. In this work, poly(ethylene glycol) with poly-β-hydroxybutyrate valerate and polylactic acid were used to fabricate submicrometric fibers and membranes by an electrospinning technique. Furthermore, different polymers ratio and/or electrospun mixture solution were investigated. The ideal composite fibrous membranes were obtained when poly(ethylene glycol) to poly-β-hydroxybutyrate valerate weight ratio was 4:1. The chemical structural characterization, the thermal properties, and the mechanical properties were investigated. Furthermore, wound healing process and reactions were investigated in vitro. Our results indicated that both of the tested submicrometric membranes enhanced wound healing, with the best effect was observed in polylactic acid submicrometric membrane. These results were informative for further in vivo investigation regarding tissue regeneration, remodeling, and wound healing process.
Sentencing Drug Court Failures: Judicial Considerations With Increased Offender Information
Authors: Gibbs Benjamin R.
Published: November 2018

This study explores the influential predictors of sentence severity within a sample of drug court failures. This sample is unique, in that, judges possess greater amounts of offender information at the time of sentencing, relative to conventional adjudications. Due to defendants’ participation in a drug court program, judges possessed offender program performance information in addition to traditionally assessed criminogenic and offender indicators. Data were collected from 320 individuals who participated, yet failed, in Midwestern adult felony drug court program. Results suggest that, in these instances, judicial sentencing decisions were influenced by case and program performance characteristics. Moreover, judges who oversaw defendants in the program sentenced participant failures more harshly than judges who had no affiliation with the drug court or offender prior to sentencing.
An Investigation of a Multiple-Measures Teaching Evaluation System and Its Relationship With Students’ College-Going Outcomes
Authors: Hughes Rodney , Dahlin Lauren , Tucci Tara
Published: November 2018

In recent years, multiple-measures teaching evaluation systems have become widespread in states and school districts around the United States. Using administrative data from Pittsburgh Public Schools (PPS) and the National Student Clearinghouse, we examine the relationship between exposure to different ratings of teaching effectiveness in high school (based on a district-wide multiple-measures evaluation system) and high school graduation and college enrollment outcomes. We find a small but statistically significant difference in college enrollment rates for PPS graduates with more courses with teaching with the highest rating of Distinguished, and these students were also more likely to enroll in selective colleges.
Social Class, Human Capital, and Enrollment in STEM Subjects at Prestigious Universities: The Case of England
Authors: Ro Hyun Kyoung , Fernandez Frank , Alcott Benjamin
Published: November 2018

Scholars have shown that low socioeconomic status (SES) students are less likely to study science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects and to attend prestigious universities. However, they have overlooked the intersection between subject choice (STEM or non-STEM) and institutional prestige. Analyzing data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England, we found that when students from poorer neighborhoods or whose parents did not have a university degree studied STEM, they were more likely to attend nonprestigious institutions. Even when students from poorer neighborhoods were able to enroll prestigious universities, they were less likely to study STEM subjects than their peers. We discussed policy implications.
Private Security Work in Turkey: A Case Study of Precarity, Militarism and Alienation
Authors: Dölek Çağlar , Rigakos George S.
Published: November 2018

With one of the largest and fastest growing private security sectors in the greater EU area, Turkey offers an interesting case study for examining the effects of neoliberal policing on private security labour. The analysis is based on unstructured interviews (N = 20) with private security guards, media reports and government documents. Focusing on (1) precarity, (2) militarism and (3) alienation, we find that while private security has been decisive in the militarization of urban space and the exercise of authoritarian control in daily social relations, it is also characterized by class contradictions manifested in the lived experiences of security labour. The growth of Turkish private security and its effects are both part of the common extension of pacification yet uniquely conditioned by the emergence of a single-party, authoritarian regime that has deliberately extended its reach, in part, through the expansion of private security.
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Thompson-Quan Ashley , Tran Judie T. , Clinard Valerie
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs) for pharmacy students are required by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, but guidance for rotational structure is limited.

Objective

To describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of IPPE rotations at a large, multisite, academic medical center.

Conclusion

A large IPPE program was successfully implemented and sustained. Rapid cycle changes were made based on post rotational surveys completed by both preceptors and IPPE students to assess and modify the rotations until the average experience was rated at least a 4 on a 5 point scale, illustrating a mutually beneficial collaboration between the Medical Center and the School of Pharmacy. The IPPE program structure and capacity has continued to grow at the Medical Center in a collaborative manner.
Assessing the Financial Reserves of Social Service Charities Involved in Public Service Delivery
Authors: Cortis Natasha , Lee Ilro
Published: November 2018

Delivering services in partnership with government is commonly considered a source of financial stability for charities and other nonprofits. However, in liberal welfare states, government funding may also heighten financial risks, where it exposes charities to competition, austerity, and rising service demand. In these contexts, publicly funded charities’ capacity to withstand financial shock is an important consideration in implementing sustainable government programs. To deepen knowledge about the factors contributing to financial capacity among charities receiving government funding, this article analyzes the financial reserves of 4,542 Australian charities engaged by government to deliver social welfare services. Logistic regression shows how younger charities, larger charities, and those with high dependence on government funding have lower odds of holding adequate reserves, indicating poorer short-term financial capacity. The findings draw attention to potential risks associated with outsourced government service delivery, while highlighting which charities most need to strengthen their financial capacity.
Household Employment and the Crisis in Europe
Authors: Sánchez-Mira Núria , O’Reilly Jacqueline
Published: November 2018

The 2008 crisis had a significant impact on household employment in some European countries. An analysis of the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions generated a new cross-national typology of household employment structures and showed how these changed during the crisis and austerity period, capturing the experiences of high and low qualified households. Findings indicate that dual earning households are not always a consequence of gender equality but result from economic necessity or employment opportunities. The re-emergence of traditional male breadwinner households is often the result of female unemployment, especially for lower educated women. An increase in female single earners and workless households is evident in countries hit hardest by the employment crisis. The value of this cross-national typology, rooted in the interaction of educational effects and employment opportunities, is allowing comparison both within and between European countries, going beyond established typologies based on policy frameworks or gender cultures.
Experimental and kinetic analysis of hydrothermal aging effects on ammonia adsorption capacity over a commercial Cu-zeolite selective catalytic reduction catalyst
Authors: Wang Tae Joong , Im In Hyuk
Published: November 2018

Ammonia/urea selective catalytic reduction is an efficient technology to control NOx emission from diesel engines. One of its critical challenges is the performance degradation of selective catalytic reduction catalysts due to the hydrothermal aging experienced in real-world operations during the lifetime. In this study, hydrothermal aging effects on the reduction of ammonia adsorption capacity over a commercial Cu-zeolite selective catalytic reduction catalyst were investigated under actual engine exhaust conditions. Ammonia adsorption site densities of the selective catalytic reduction catalysts aged at two different temperatures of 750°C and 850°C for 25 h with 10% H2O were experimentally measured and compared to that of fresh catalyst on a dynamometer test bench with a heavy-duty diesel engine. The test results revealed that hydrothermal aging significantly decreased the ammonia adsorption capacity of the current commercial Cu-zeolite selective catalytic reduction catalyst. Hydrothermal treatment at 750°C reduced the ammonia adsorption site to 62.5% level of that of fresh catalyst, while hydrothermal treatment at 850°C lowered the adsorption site to 37.0% level of that of fresh catalyst. Also, in this study, numerical simulation and kinetic analysis were carried out to quantify the impact of hydrothermal aging on the reduction of ammonia adsorption capacity by introducing an aging coefficient. The kinetic parameter calibrations based on actual diesel engine tests with a commercial monolith Cu-zeolite selective catalytic reduction catalyst provided a highly realistic kinetic parameter set of ammonia adsorption/desorption and enabled a mathematical description of hydrothermal aging effect.
Model for the prediction of drag torque characteristics in wet clutch with radial grooves
Authors: Zhang Lin , Wei Chao , Hu Ji Bin
Published: November 2018

Drag torque can cut down the efficiency of the vehicle transmission system. So it should be reduced on the premise of normal vehicle lubrication and heat dissipation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the variation rule of drag torque in single-plate wet clutch from the perspective of flow rate, density, and viscosity. In the theoretical model of drag torque, the flow field is divided into oil film area and cavitation zone. Based on the mass flow conservation and viscosity–pressure equation, the equivalent density and viscosity of each node in each region are obtained. Then the total drag torque is calculated through the sum of each node’s torque. Finally, the curves of drag torque with rotational speed under different working conditions are obtained by numerical calculation, and they have been tested and verified. Through this research, the following conclusions can be reached: the rotational speed of the peak of drag torque is near the maximum speed where full oil film lubrication is realized. While temperature declines, it will lead to higher viscosity, then the speed of the lubricant along the radial direction will decrease, resulting in the increase in maximum speed of full oil film lubrication under the same oil supply; accordingly, the peak of drag torque will rise. If the flow rate of oil supply is increased, the maximum speed where full oil film lubrication is realized will be higher; consequently, the maximum drag torque will be improved. When clearance becomes wider, the cross-sectional area of the radial flow will be larger, then the maximum speed of full oil film lubrication under the same oil supply will be decreased, thus the peak of drag torque will decline.
Launch vehicle ascent flight attitude control using direct adaptive generalized dynamic inversion
Authors: Ansari Uzair , Bajodah Abdulrahman H
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the attitude control design of satellite launch vehicle based on the direct adaptive generalized dynamic inversion approach. The proposed adaptive generalized dynamic inversion approach encompasses the equivalent and the adaptive control elements. The equivalent (continuous) control part of adaptive generalized dynamic inversion is based on the conventional generalized dynamic inversion approach that comprises two noninterfering control actions, i.e. the particular part and the auxiliary part. In the particular part, dynamical constraint is prescribed in the form of time differential equation, which is evaluated along the vehicle attitude trajectories that encapsulates the control objectives and is inverted by utilizing Moore Penrose Generalized Inverse (MPGI). The singularity problem is solved by augmenting a dynamic scaling factor in the involved MPGI. In the auxiliary part, the null control vector is designed using the proportionality gain matrix, constructed by employing the Lyapunov function that guarantees global closed-loop asymptotic stability of the angular body rate dynamics. The adaptive (discontinuous) control part of adaptive generalized dynamic inversion is based on the sliding mode control with adaptive modulation gain, that provides robustness against tracking performance deterioration due to generalized scaling, system nonlinearities, and uncertainties, such that semi-global practically stable attitude tracking is guaranteed. External guidance loop based on the trajectory following method is designed, which reshapes the predefined pitch and yaw attitude profiles based on the respective normal and lateral positional errors, for acquiring the desired orbital parameters such as height, injection angle, orbital velocity, etc. To analyze the ascent flight trajectory, a detailed six-degrees-of-freedom simulator of a four-stage satellite launch vehicle is developed. The intensive numerical simulations are performed, which demonstrate the stability, robustness and the tracking capability of the proposed control and guidance methods in the presence of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances.
L1 adaptive dynamic inversion attitude control for unmanned aerial vehicle with actuator failures
Authors: Zhou Yan , Liu Huiying , Guo Huijuan , Duan Xiaojun
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a hybrid attitude control scheme of L1 adaptive and dynamic inversion for unmanned aerial vehicle with actuator faults, where both gain fault and bias fault are considered. Firstly, dynamic inversion is employed to track attitude angles in the outer loop and ensures the rapid response. Secondly, an L1 adaptive controller for the inner loop is established to compensate for system uncertainty and uncertainty caused by actuator failures. Thirdly, the analysis of steady-state and transient performance is given by Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Secondary syphilis presenting as erythema multiforme in a HIV-positive homosexual man: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Hongfang , Goh Beng-Tin , Huang Taoyuan , Liu Yinghui , Xue Ruzeng , Ke Wujian , Gu Mei , Yang Bin
Published: November 2018

Early syphilis can rarely cause erythema multiforme-type eruptions as well as triggering erythema multiforme (EM). EM-like lesions in secondary syphilis are characterized by clinical features of EM and laboratory tests consistent with secondary syphilis and the skin histology shows predominantly a plasma cell infiltrate with the presence of treponemes. When EM is triggered by early syphilis, the skin histology shows mixed inflammatory cells usually in the absence of treponemes in the skin lesion. There may also be mixed histology with the presence of treponemes in the absence of a plasma cell infiltrate and vice versa. We describe a case of secondary syphilis presenting as EM with bullae and histology showing EM features without a plasma cell infiltrate but positive for Treponema pallidum by immunohistochemical staining. The patient was also coinfected with cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and anal warts. The EM eruptions resolved with treatment for secondary syphilis with benzathine penicillin G.
Creating capabilities: Childcare policies in comparative perspective
Authors: Yerkes Mara A , Javornik Jana
Published: November 2018

This article analyses childcare services in six countries, assessing this policy instrument’s potential to facilitate parents’ capabilities for arranging childcare in a way they have reason to value. It draws on Sen’s capability approach to conceptualize and assess childcare policy design across five key aspects of childcare provision (accessibility, availability, affordability, quality and flexibility) in a country-comparative perspective. The conceptualization of the multifaceted nature of childcare provides compelling insights into the complexity of comparing childcare services across countries. The ensuing analysis and comprehensive overview of national policies challenges the idea of a defamilialization policy cluster, which masks key distinctions between public and market service provision. The more nuanced conceptualization and operationalization of childcare policy design through the capability approach reveals parents’ real opportunities for arranging childcare and the varying effects of policy design across gender and class. In addition, it goes beyond implicit commodification assumptions and opens up space for parents’ potential desire for multiple care arrangement possibilities.
Screening for cognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly
Authors: Chalhoub N.E. , Luggen M.E.
Published: November 2018

Background

Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is among the most common neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Traditional neuropsychological testing and the Automated Neuropsychologic Assessment Metrics (ANAM) have been used to assess CD but neither is an ideal screening test. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (MoCA) and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) are brief and inexpensive tests. This study evaluated the MoCA and IQCODE as screening tools.

Methods

SLE patients fulfilling American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria were evaluated using the ANAM as the reference standard. The performance characteristics of the MoCA and IQCODE were assessed in comparison with normal controls (NCs) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Four different definitions of CD were utilized.

Results

In total, 78 patients were evaluated. MoCA and ANAM scores were significantly correlated ( r = 0.51, p < 0.001). At the optimal cutoff, the sensitivity of the MoCA was ≥ 90% (depending on definition of CD) vs RA patients and ≥83% vs NCs. ANAM and IQCODE scores did not correlate ( p = 0.8152). IQCODE sensitivities were low for both RA patients and NCs regardless of definition and cutoff used.

Conclusion

The MoCA appears to be a promising and practical screening tool for identification of patients with SLE at risk for CD.
Platforms as contract partners: Uber and beyond
Authors: Domurath Irina
Published: November 2018

This article analyses the recent case law concerning Uber and other platforms. Its main objective is to examine the question of whether and under what conditions platforms can be considered the contract partners of the individuals who seek goods and services through the platform’s infrastructure. In a first step, the criteria employed by the courts, both the Court of Justice of the European Union and national courts, are identified that characterise the role of platforms in relation to the underlying service provision. In a second step, the article looks at the approach to intermediaries in more traditional consumer contract law. A differentiated image emerges, which underlines the need for legislative clarification.
Big data: Hell or heaven? Digital platforms and market power in the data-driven economy
Authors: Nuccio Massimiliano , Guerzoni Marco
Published: November 2018

Digital transformation has triggered a process of concentration in several markets for information goods with digital platforms rising to dominate key industries by leveraging on network externalities and economies of scale in the use of consumer data. The policy debate, therefore, focuses on the market control allegedly held by incumbents who build their competitive advantage on big data. In this paper, we evaluate the risk of abuse of a dominant position by analysing three major aspects highlighted in economic theory: entry barriers, price discrimination, and potential for technological improvement. Drawing on industrial and information economics, we argue that the very nature of big data, on the one hand, prompts market concentration and, on the other, limits the possibility of abuse. This claim is not an a-priori apologia of large incumbents in digital markets, but rather an attempt to argue that market concentration is not necessarily detrimental when it stimulates continuous innovation. Nonetheless, the concentration of power in a few global players should raise other concerns linked with the supranational nature of these firms, which can easily cherry-pick locations to exploit tax competition among countries or more favourable privacy legislation and the fair use of data.
Engaging “Students as Partners” in Global Learning: Some Possibilities and Provocations
Authors: Green Wendy
Published: November 2018

Many educational institutions aim to engage students in “global learning” at home and abroad through the process of “internationalization of the curriculum” (IoC). Yet research indicates that students experience and understand IoC in diverse, often unintended ways, and instances of students’ diverse perspectives informing IoC development are rare. Framed by the concept of “students as partners” (SaP), an Australian Learning and Teaching Fellowship brought together students and academics from diverse disciplinary, cultural, and national backgrounds to co-develop rich global learning experiences in the formal and informal curriculum. Surveys and narrative interviews showed that adopting a partnership approach enabled all participating staff and students to engage in global learning. Characteristically, those who engaged in critical transformative learning framed their partnerships in terms of reciprocity, recognized their cultural ignorance productively, and engaged in global learning as ontoepistemological explorations. Furthermore, this study demonstrates how the authentic engagement of SaP challenges naturalized institutional practices concerning access and equity, outcomes and process, and power and privilege. I frame these challenges as provocations; that is, as invitations to critically analyze and creatively respond to such historically entrenched practices through staff–student partnerships in global learning, “as if” they were already our way of life.
The case for greater youth participation in monitoring and evaluation in international development
Authors: Purdue Sophie , Peterson Heidi , Deng Christine
Published: November 2018

Youth participation in monitoring and evaluation has been acknowledged as an important vehicle for positively engaging young people in development processes. The growing youth population in low- and middle-income countries necessitates greater investment in and engagement with young people to leverage positive development outcomes. This article aims to illustrate why youth participation in monitoring and evaluation is desirable in international development contexts, establish an alternative conceptual framework for applying youth participation in practice, explore the challenges and caveats that can be barriers to its wider use, and provide evidence of its application. This article draws upon examples from the literature and from the authors’ own experiences conducting youth-led evaluations with Oaktree, Australia’s largest youth-led international development organisation. Importantly, while we believe this article presents sufficient evidence to demand greater youth participation in monitoring and evaluation, it also acknowledges that there is still a lack of empirical evidence and standards of best practice, particularly within international development. Therefore, this article should be viewed as a call to action for the wider international development and evaluation community to work with young people to advance this important work.
School Nurse Advocacy for Student Health, Safety, and School Attendance: Impact of an Educational Activity
Authors: Gormley Jenny M.
Published: November 2018

School nurses are expected to advocate for policies and procedures that support student health, safety, and school attendance. An educational activity to improve school nurse advocacy was developed and implemented based on advocacy literature, self-efficacy theory, and continuing education guidelines. A quantitative, repeated measure descriptive project design was used to compare school nurses’ advocacy measures before and following an educational activity and 6 weeks after the activity. Immediately after the education, there were significant increases in advocacy knowledge ( p < .001), confidence ( p < .001), and recalled behaviors ( p < .01) for a convenient sample of 51 Massachusetts school nurses. There were no significant differences across pre-, post-, and 6-week survey responses ( n = 6); however, advocacy outcomes from immediately after the education were maintained at 6 weeks. More effective school nurse advocacy may improve youth population health, increase safety for students at school, and improve school attendance.
Adjunct Antihyperglycemic Agents in Overweight and Obese Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Isaacs Diana , Yager Stephanie , Parker Marcie , Wolfe Lauren , Luxenburg Jennifer , Lekic Sanela
Published: November 2018

Objective: People with type 1 diabetes often have suboptimal glycemic control. The gold standard of treatment is basal-bolus insulin or subcutaneous insulin infusion via insulin pump. Although insulin therapy improves glycemic control, weight gain and hypoglycemia often limit achievement of hemoglobin A1C (A1C) goals. The number of people with type 1 diabetes who are overweight or obese is increasing, and there are many similarities between what was historically called type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, there is rationale for using antihyperglycemic agents that target other pathophysiological abnormalities to facilitate weight loss and improve glycemic control. Data Sources: We performed a MEDLINE search from 1975 through October 2018 to identify articles that studied noninsulin agents in adults with type 1 diabetes and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Identified articles were included if the study duration was ≥4 weeks, included ≥20 patients, and set mean baseline BMI ⩾25kg/m2. Data Synthesis: This review summarizes 32 clinical trials. Amylin mimetics, sodium-glucose-like transporter-2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists demonstrate the greatest improvements in body weight and A1C. The most common adverse effects are hypoglycemia and ketosis. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Patients with type 1 diabetes may have interest in starting noninsulin agents. Clinicians need to be knowledgeable in the efficacy and adverse effect profile of these agents, specifically in people with type 1 diabetes. Conclusions: Adding noninsulin antihyperglycemic agents may benefit select overweight or obese adults with type 1 diabetes. These agents are off-label, and if used, close monitoring is essential.