bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The clear speech intelligibility benefit for text-to-speech voices: Effects of speaking style and visual guise
Authors: Aoki Nicholas B. , Cohn Michelle , Zellou Georgia
Published: April 2022

This study examined how speaking style and guise influence the intelligibility of text-to-speech (TTS) and naturally produced human voices. Results showed that TTS voices were less intelligible overall. Although using a clear speech style improved intelligibility for both human and TTS voices (using “newscaster” neural TTS), the clear speech effect was stronger for TTS voices. Finally, a visual device guise decreased intelligibility, regardless of voice type. The results suggest that both speaking style and visual guise affect intelligibility of human and TTS voices. Findings are discussed in terms of theories about the role of social information in speech perception.
Atomic Structures of Coxsackievirus B5 Provide Key Information on Viral Evolution and Survival
Authors: Yang Peng , Shi Dawei , Fu Jianmeng , Zhang Li , Chen Ruihong , Zheng Binyang , Wang Xiangxi , Xu Sihong , Zhu Ling , Wang Kang
Published: April 2022

As one of the main serotypes in Enterovirus B, CVB5 has been commonly reported in recent years. The atomic structures of CVB5 shown here revealed classical features found in EV-Bs and the structural rearrangement occurring during particle expansion and uncoating.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Aeromonas rivuli Strain Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Food
Authors: Schwartz Keike , Borowiak Maria , Strauch Eckhard , Deneke Carlus , Richter Martin
Published: April 2022

Aeromonads can be associated with diseases in animals and humans. Knowledge regarding
Aeromonas rivuli
, a species recently discovered in creek water in Germany, is still fragmentary. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of
Aeromonas rivuli
strain 20-VB00005, which was recovered from ready-to-eat food.
Evaluating Mono- and Combination Therapy of Meropenem and Amikacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia in the Hollow-Fiber Infection Model
Authors: Avent Minyon L. , McCarthy Kate L. , Sime Fekade B. , Naicker Saiyuri , Heffernan Aaron J. , Wallis Steven C. , Paterson David L. , Roberts Jason A.
Published: April 2022

Current guidelines recommend that aminoglycosides should be used in combination with β-lactam antibiotics as initial empirical therapy for serious infections, and otherwise, patients should receive β-lactam antibiotic monotherapy. Given the challenges associated with studying the clinical effect of different antibiotic strategies on patient outcomes, useful data for subsequent informed clinical testing can be obtained from
in vitro
models like the hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM).
Supplemental Material: Claspers in the mid-Cambrian Olenoides serratus indicate horseshoe crab–like mating in trilobites
Authors: Losso Sarah R. , Ortega-Hernández Javier
Published: April 2022

Additional images of specimens, discussion, and datasets supporting work. 
Effects of multifaceted interventions to prevent and manage primary postpartum haemorrhage in referral hospitals: a quasi-experimental study in Nigeria
Authors: Okonofua Friday Ebhodaghe , Ekezue Bola , Ntoimo Lorretta Favour Chizomam , Ekwo C , Ohenhen V , Agholor K , Igboin Brian , Imongan Wilson , Galadanci H , Ogu R
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of Nigeria’s high maternal mortality rate. This study investigated the effectiveness of a set of multifaceted interventions to manage and reduce PPH in selected secondary referral health facilities in Nigeria.

Methods

This is a quasi-experimental study using an interrupted time-series design to assess a set of multifaceted interventions that address factors identified by stakeholders as associated with PPH. Interventions were implemented at two regional general hospitals, with a general hospital in the same region as the control. Intervention participants were women during antepartum and clinical and administrative staff. Cases of PPH were determined in women at delivery. The outcomes measured were the incidence of primary PPH and related deaths during the study period. Analyses included a comparative description of characteristics of the women, trend of time-series data at intervention and control hospitals, and multivariable analysis of factors associated with PPH occurrence.

Results

Monthly numbers of primary PPH were collected at participating hospitals over 21 months for 18 181 women. Intervention hospitals represent 54% vs 46% in control hospitals. Time-series analyses show a significant downward trend in intervention hospitals. The overall incidence of primary PPH was lower in the intervention hospitals than in the control hospitals. Multilevel regression adjusted for hospital-level effect showed a 68% reduction in odds of PPH cases at intervention compared with control hospitals. There were 12 PPH-related maternal deaths in one of the control hospitals, with no deaths in the intervention hospitals.

Conclusion

We conclude that multiple interventions that address identified challenges in the prevention of primary PPH can potentially effectively reduce reported primary PPH in Nigerian referral hospitals. This approach is relevant for scaling the development of policies and programmes to prevent primary PPH and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
Researchers’ perspectives on adverse event reporting in resistance training trials: a qualitative study
Authors: El-Kotob Rasha , Pagcanlungan Justin R. , Craven B. Catharine , Sherrington Catherine , Mourtzakis Marina , Giangregorio Lora M.
Published: April 2022

The objectives of our study were to understand researchers' current practices and perspectives on adverse event (AE) reporting in clinical trials of resistance training (RT) and to identify barriers and facilitators of AE reporting. We conducted web conference or telephone-based one-on-one semistructured interviews with 14 researchers who have published RT studies. We audio-recorded and transcribed the interviews and analyzed the data using the thematic framework method. Four themes were identified: (1) researchers lack guidance and/or motivation for rigorous AE reporting; (2) researchers who undertake AE reporting educate and value participants, use trained personnel, and implement standardized guidelines; (3) suboptimal implementation of existing AE reporting standards and the perception that available guidelines do not apply to exercise trials; and (4) acceptability and feasibility of an exercise-specific guide for AE reporting depend on its content and format. In conclusion, AE reporting methods in the field of exercise science do not align with best practice. Strategies to reduce inconsistent and suboptimal AE reporting in RT trials are urgently needed and could be based on the barriers and facilitators identified in this study.
A new optical model for photomultiplier tubes
Authors: Wang Yaoguang , Cao Guofu , Wen Liangjian , Wang Yifang
Published: April 2022

It is critical to construct an accurate optical model of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in many applications to describe the angular and spectral responses of the photon detection efficiency (PDE) of the PMTs in their working media. In this study, we propose a new PMT optical model to describe both light interactions with the PMT window and optical processes inside PMTs with reasonable accuracy based on the optics theory and a GEANT4-based simulation toolkit. The proposed model builds a relationship between the PDE and the underlying processes that the PDE relies on. This model also provides a tool to transform the PDE measured in one working medium (like air) to the PDE in other media (like water, liquid scintillator, etc). Using two 20$$^{\prime \prime }$$

″

MCP-PMTs and one 20$$^{\prime \prime }$$

″

dynode PMT, we demonstrate a complete procedure to obtain the key parameters used in the model from experimental data, such as the optical properties of the antireflective coating and photocathode of the three PMTs. The proposed model can effectively reproduce the angular responses of the quantum efficiency of PMTs, even though an ideally uniform photocathode is assumed in the model. Interestingly, the proposed model predicts a similar level (20–30%) of light yield excess observed in the experimental data of many liquid scintillator-based neutrino detectors, compared with that predicted at the stage of detector design. However, this excess has never been explained, and the proposed PMT model provides a good explanation for it, which highlights the imperfections of PMT models used in their detector simulations.
First operation of undoped CsI directly coupled with SiPMs at 77 K
Authors: Ding Keyu , Liu Jing , Yang Yongjin , Chernyak Dmitry
Published: April 2022

The light yield of a small undoped cesium iodide (CsI) crystal directly coupled with two silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) at about 77 Kelvin was measured to be$$43.0 \pm 1.1$$43.0±1.1 photoelectrons (PE) per keV electron-equivalent (keV$$_\text {ee}$$ee) usingXand$$\gamma $$γ-ray peaks from an$$^{241}$$241Am radioactive source from 18 to 60 keV. The high light yield together with some other technical advantages illustrate the great potential of this novel combination for neutrino and low-mass dark matter detection, particularly at accelerator-based neutrino sources, where random background can be highly suppressed by requiring coincident triggers between SiPMs and beam pulse timing signals. Some potential drawbacks of using cryogenic SiPMs instead of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) were identified, such as worse energy resolution and optical cross-talks between SiPMs. Their influence to rare-event detection was discussed and possible solutions were provided.
Apparent horizons of the Thakurta spacetime and the description of cosmological black holes
Authors: Kobakhidze Archil , Picker Zachary S. C.
Published: April 2022

We discuss the validity of the Thakurta metric to describe cosmological black holes by analysing the nature of its horizon. By adopting the preferred foliation of the Thakurta spacetime associated with the Kodama time, we demonstrate that the Thakurta horizon is indeed a future outer trapping horizon. Therefore, the respective observers see it as a cosmological black hole, contrary to some claims in the literature.
Cylindrically symmetric and plane-symmetric solutions in f(R) theory via Noether symmetries
Authors: Öz Işıl Başaran , Bamba Kazuharu
Published: April 2022

The f(R) theory is considered for static cylindrically symmetric and plane-symmetric spacetimes. In order to find solutions to the field equations of these models, the Noether symmetry method is used. First, we examine the GR case for cylindrically symmetrical space-time with the $$w=-1$$

w
=
-
1

dark energy state. Then, with the assumption of $$f(R) = f_0R^n$$

f

(
R
)

=

f
0

R
n

, cases with matter and non-matter are examined and general solutions are determined for both space-times. Thus, it is shown that inclusive new solutions are obtained, considering the Noether symmetric conditions. In addition, the GR limit for each cases are examined.
Circular accelerator lattices with skew quadrupoles
Authors: Machida S.
Published: April 2022

Circular accelerator lattices are usually confined in the horizontal plane. Optics design does not rely on the orbit in the vertical direction. Here we propose a circular accelerator lattice in which the orbit moves in both horizontal and vertical directions. Having another degree of freedom, flexibility of the optics increases with less constraints of the orbit, e.g. a zero momentum compaction factor lattice without reverse bending magnets or a negative dispersion function. As a possible application of the concept, a collider ring arc of a muon collider facility is illustrated.
Evolution and invariants of oscillator moments
Authors: Andrews Mark
Published: April 2022

Moments are expectation values over wave functions (or averages over a set of classical particles) of products of powers of position and momentum. For the harmonic oscillator, the evolution in the quantum case is very closely related to that of the classical case. Here we consider the non-relativistic evolution of moments of all orders for the oscillator in one dimension and investigate invariant combinations of the moments. In particular, we find an infinite set of invariants that enable us to express the evolution of any moment in terms of sinusoids. We also find explicit expressions for the inverse of these relations, thus enabling the expression of the evolution of any moment in terms of the initial set of moments. More detailed attention is given to moments of the third and fourth order in terms of the invariant combinations.
LR Mixed Fuzzy Random Portfolio Choice Based on the Risk Curve
Authors: Mehralizade Rouhollah , Mehralizade Akbar
Published: April 2022

In this paper, finding the optimal LR mixed fuzzy random portfolio that is a portfolio that contains some candidate securities with random return rates and some securities with LR fuzzy return rates is investigated. Besides, it is done by a new criterion that as a risk measure provides information about all the likely losses, and at any level of loss, the investor will be able to choose the maximum of her or his tolerable loss. And in the end, a case study of the Tehran stock exchange is presented for the sake of illustration.
Quantum Ising model with generalized competingXY-interactions on a Cayley tree
Authors: Mukhamedov Farrukh , El Gheteb Soueidy
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the phase transition phenomena for the Ising model (with nearest-neighbor interaction [Formula: see text]) but with quantum generalized competing [Formula: see text]-interactions ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] coupling constants) are treated by means of a quantum Markov chain (QMC) approach. We point out that the case [Formula: see text] has been carried out in Ref. 32. Note that if [Formula: see text], then it turns out that phase transition exists, for any value of [Formula: see text], while the Ising coupling constant should satisfy [Formula: see text]. This means that the Ising interaction is dominated in the considered situation, i.e. the X-competing interactions’ role is negligible. This kind of phenomena was not detected in this mentioned paper. Phase transition means the existence of at least two distinct QMCs which are not quasi-equivalent and their supports do not overlap. To prove the quasi-equivalence, it is first established that the QMCs satisfy clustering property.
Locally Lipschitz BSDE with jumps and related Kolmogorov equation
Authors: Abdelhadi K. , Khelfallah N.
Published: April 2022

We study a backward SDE driven by a jump Markov process (BSDEJ for short) whose generator may be locally Lipschitz or of logarithmic growth in [Formula: see text]-variables. The existence, uniqueness and stability theorems to such BSDEJs are established. We essentially approximate the initial problem by constructing a suitable sequence of BSDEJs with globally Lipschitz generators for which the existence and uniqueness of solutions hold. By passing to the limits, we show the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the original problems. We apply our main results to prove the existence of a unique solution to the Kolmogorov equation of the Markov process.
A micromechanical and numerical model for effective thermal conductivity of areca fiber and coconut shell particulate-reinforced hybrid composites
Authors: Kishore Chowdari G. , Krishna Prasad D. V. V. , Devireddy S. B. R.
Published: April 2022

The present investigation reports on the thermal conductivity of areca fiber and coconut shell particulate (CSP)-reinforced polymer composites. The fiber and particulate reinforcement percentages were 10–40wt.% with various weight ratios as 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1. The main focus has been given to the development of a micromechanical model to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of areca fiber and CSP-reinforced hybrid composites. In the numerical study, steady-state one-dimensional heat conduction analysis is performed with a periodic arrangement of cylinders and spherical reinforcement using ANSYS software. Unitherm [Formula: see text]Model 2022 equipment was used to measure the experimental thermal conductivity values of the hybrid composite materials and validated with the micromechanical and numerical values. The experimental results attained for thermal conductivity are supported by the proposed micromechanical model. The measured values of the composites were found to be in very close agreement with the micromechanical model and the numerical analysis. It is concluded from this study that the addition of areca fiber and CSP improves the thermal insulation capability of neat epoxy.
An Efficient Clicked Degradable Template Model Responsive to Encapsulation and Release of Fluorescent Dye
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Ganivada Mutyala Naidu , Kanjilal Pintu , Kumar Rajan , Shunmugam Raja
Published: April 2022

We invoked one-step synthesis for degradable organogel material via metal-free thiol-alkene click chemistry. The thermally clicked hydrothiolation formed ester-based xerogel. The xerogel showed switch in swellability with switch of solvent polarity. Though the material showed no response in swellability to solvents of low-polarity index but swelled in organic polar and chlorinated solvents. Encapsulation and release of 8-hydroxyquinoline were studied. The analyzed xerogel showed thermal stability analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis. The degradability at 6N HCl is unique, which was well monitored via time-dependent release of encapsulated 8-hydroxyquinoline. Cryo TEM analysis revealed such nanogel can prove to be a vital model to carry encapsulated low molecular weight (LMW) drug and efficient release at [Formula: see text] via self-degradation.
Visible Light-Driven CO2 Insertion on Phenylacetylene to Phenylpropiolic Acid Using Soft-Oxometalates
Authors: Lodh Joyeeta , Roy Soumyajit
Published: April 2022

The visible light-driven CO2 insertion from phenylacetylene to acetophenone using soft-oxometalates (SOMs) as a photocatalyst is an important step in the pursuit of C–H activation. We have demonstrated a synergistic combination of Cu-based SOMs and Cs2CO3 at ambient pressure and temperature to lower the activation energy barrier for CO2 insertion. The water in the medium acts as a source of proton and the reaction is driven by Cu(II)/Cu(I) couple. The reaction yields a good amount of phenylpropiolic acid under mild condition. We further believe this work could open up a new avenue for direct CO2 insertion under mild condition.
A Deep OCR for Degraded Bangla Documents
Authors: Chaudhury Ayan , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi , Das Sudip , Biswas Chandan , Bhattacharya Ujjwal
Published: April 2022

Despite the significant success of document image analysis techniques, efficient
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
of degraded document images still remains an open problem. Although a body of work has been reported on degraded document recognition for English language, only little attention has been paid to Indic scripts. In this work, we focus on developing a degraded OCR for Bangla, a major Indian language. In general, an OCR system includes segmentation of the foreground text part from the background followed by recognition of the extracted text. The text segmentation module aims to assign the foreground or background label to each pixel of the document image. In this paper, we present a new OCR system which is particularly suitable for degraded quality Bangla document images. The contribution is two fold. In the first phase, we use a semi-supervised
Markov Random Field (MRF)-
based
Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)
model (which we call

MRF-GAN

) for foreground segmentation of texts from degraded text. In the proposed
MRF-GAN
, we extend the concept of GAN to a multitask learning mechanism where discriminator-classifier networks differentiate between real/fake images and also assign a foreground or background label to each pixel. In the second phase, we propose to use a new encoder-decoder based recognizer that incorporates an attention-based character to a word prediction model, which has the capability of minimizing
Word Error Rate (WER)
. We optimize this network using a
Multitask based
Transfer Learning scheme (MTTL)
. We perform experiments on a publicly available degraded Bangla document image dataset as well as on a new degraded printed Hindi document image dataset, which has been created as a part of the present study. Results of the experimentations demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed OCR.
A Novel Strategy Achieving GaN Ultra-Smooth Surface via a Square, Flat Top Beam Shaped Femtosecond Laser Processing Combined with Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Authors: Chen Gaopan , Peng Qingfa , Long Jiangyou , Luo Haimei , Zhou Yan , Xie Xiaozhu , Pan Guoshun , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: April 2022

We propose a strategy for GaN ultra-smooth manufacture by combing of femtosecond laser processing and chemical mechanical polishing. The optimized flat top beam is used to redistribute the laser fluence from Gaussian distribution to square, flat top profile. Surface with high flatness is achieved after femtosecond laser processing through optimization of the technical parameters. The optimum process to control the damages on surface and subsurface reduces negative influence of femtosecond laser processing on chemical mechanical polishing. Roughness (Ra) of processed surface is decreased to less than 0.1 nm when it is be polished for 6 h. In the background of traditional GaN polishing efficiency facing bottleneck, the characteristic of present study is to use a square, flat top beam shaped femtosecond laser to induce surface of GaN. Structures and composition on induced surface are simultaneous removed in chemical mechanical polishing process. It reduces the burden of GaN chemical mechanical polishing. The present method has advantage of high efficiency and easy realization, which has a wide application in GaN ultra-smooth processing.
Machine Learning–Assisted Thin-Film Transistor Characterization: A Case Study of Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Oh Jiwon , Song Hyewon , Shin Euncheol , Yang Heesun , Lim Jongtae , Hwang Jin-Ha
Published: April 2022

Machine learning was applied to classify the device characteristics of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). A K-means approach was employed for initial clustering of IGZO transfer curves into three of four grades (high, medium-high, medium, and low) of TFT performance according to qualitative features. A 2-layered artificial neural network (ANN) and 4-layered deep neural network (DNN) were used to extract mobility, threshold voltage, on/off current ratio, and sub-threshold slope device parameters from high-grade and medium-high-grade oxide TFTs. Ground-truth device parameters were calculated using in-house codes based on a rules-based approach consistent with the definitions employed to train the ANN and DNN. The DNN-predicted parameters were in closer agreement with manual and macro-based calculations than were those obtained from the ANN. Synergistic integration of K-means clustering and DNN effectively extracted TFT device parameters encountered in processing high volumes of data in industrial and academic domains of the microelectronics field.
Review—Temperature Dependence of Luminescence Intensity and Decay Time in Mn4+-Activated Oxide Phosphors
Authors: Adachi Sadao
Published: April 2022

Thermal stability of the phosphor materials is of crucial importance and scientific interest. Mn4+-activated “fluoride” phosphors are known to sometimes show an anomalous thermal quenching (TQ) behavior. This behavior is an increase in the integrated photoluminescence (PL) intensity I
PL with increasing temperature T, called negative TQ, and is understood to be due to the electric dipole (parity) forbidden transitions of 2
E

g
→ 4
A
2g
gained by coupling with the odd-parity lattice vibrations, ν
3, ν
4, and ν
6. The same behavior can also occur in Mn4+-activated “oxide” phosphors. The present article discusses the temperature dependence of the integrated PL intensity I
PL(T) for the Mn4+-activated oxide phosphors focusing on the negative TQ phenomenon. The effects of the 4
A
2g
→ 4
T
2g
excitation transitions in conjunction with those of the normal (i.e., positive) TQ are considered for developing new analysis model of I
PL vs T data. Our proposed analysis model shows a good agreement with the experimental data. Discussion is also given on the temperature dependence of decay time τ(T) and quantum efficiency η(T), in comparison with I
PL(T), demonstrating a strong correlation among such important phosphor properties except for an occurrence of negative TQ only in I
PL(T).
Porous Hard Carbon as High-Performance Electrode Material for Supercapacitors: Towards Sustainable Approach
Authors: Ragupathi Veena , KB Rishi Praneash , Panigrahi Puspamitra , Subramaniam N. Ganapathi
Published: April 2022

Bio-waste, coco peat is utilized to produce high performance, hard carbon supercapacitor electrodes. Combined pyrolysis and activation methods are adopted to produce coco peat derived porous hard carbon. Structural analysis confirms the formation of hard carbon. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements and microscopy images reveals the presence of micro and mesoporous structure with the pore size and pore volume of 10 nm and of 0.4226 cm3 g−1. The synthesized material produces excellent capacitance and stability and exhibits the specific capacitance of 422 F g−1 and 332 F g−1 at the scan rate of 1 mV s−1 and current density of 1 A g−1. The capacity retention after 5000 cycles is 96.02%. The porous structure increases the electrolyte penetration and the large surface area facilitates electron transfer and charge diffusion kinetics.
Improvement in the Performance of III-V Channel Based Ultra-Thin Junction-Less-Hybrid CMOS Circuits with Mixed Mode Analysis
Authors: Rout Soumendra Prasad , Dutta Pradipta , Maity Subir Kumar
Published: April 2022

The logic performance of a hybrid complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuit based on a novel technology known as a junctionless transistor constructed with high-K and III-V compound material Junction-Less-Double-Gate MOSFET (JL-DG-MOSFET) for ultra-low power applications is analyzed in this manuscript. The mentioned CMOS circuit is constructed by using a Ge-based P-MOS and GaAs-based N-MOS to analyze different performance metrics of inverter such as noise margin (NM), voltage transfer characteristics, transient response, gain, frequency response, and propagation delay using Mixed Mode Analysis. The aforementioned characteristics of the proposed inverter are analyzed and compared with the Si-based CMOS inverter and we observed that the proposed structure shows an improved circuit performance over the Si-based CMOS circuit. Consequently, the work is also extended to the design and performance of universal logic gates. The aforementioned N-MOS structure has a higher drive current of 1.3 mA, gm of 5.9 mS, gd of 20.8 mS, SS of 64 mV Decade−1, and DIBL of 23 mV V−1, whereas the Ge based P-MOS structure yields drive current of 0.7 mA, gm of 1.5 mS, gd of 5.6 mS, SS of 95 mV Decade−1, and DIBL of 21 mV V−1. The hybrid C-MOS structure has higher unity-gain bandwidth of 1100 GHz and lower propagation delay of 3.1 ps, as well as static and dynamic power dissipation of 1.86 nw and 0.23 mw.
Negative Series Resistance (Rs) and Real Part of Impedance (Z′), and Positive and Negative Imaginary Part of Impedance (Z″) at a High Frequency of Au/CNTS/n-Si/Al Structure
Authors: Ashery A. , Gad S. A. , Turky G. M.
Published: April 2022

Here in this article, presented negative values of series resistance (Rs), the negative real part of impedance (Z″), the positive and negative values of imaginary part of impedance (Z″) seemed at high frequency for all voltages, temperatures and frequencies of Au/CNTS/n-Si/Al. At all frequencies the Rs has positive values, increase with decreasing frequencies except at frequency 2 × 107 Hz (Rs) has negative values reached to about −5200 Ω. At f = 2 × 107 Hz Z″ has negative values reached to −0.5 Ω and at other frequencies, the Z″ has positive values, growth with decreasing frequency. The Z″ has positive values at frequencies (2 × 107, 1 × 107, 1 × 103, 1 × 102, 10) Hz, whilst at frequencies (1 × 106, 1 × 105, 1 × 104) Hz the Z″ has negative values. At high frequencies, this assembly Au/CNTS/n-Si/Al behaves as a tunneling diode has negative resistance. At other frequencies this structure Au/CNTS/n-Si/Al behaves as a normal diode, and negative resistance is disappeared. So this structure Au/CNTS/n-Si/Al is applied as tunneling diode at high frequency and normal diode by changing of frequencies. The electrical properties and conduction mechanism of this structure were investigated.
Perspective—Multinary Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Fuels Generation: Closing the Performance Gap between Theory and Practice
Authors: O’Donnell Shaun , Vali Abbas , Rawat Abhishek , Maggard Paul A. , Huda Muhammad N. , Rajeshwar Krishnan
Published: April 2022

This Perspective addresses the current state-of-the-art with the development of multinary oxides—a family of compounds that has long interested Prof. John B. Goodenough. Specifically, here we focus on their use as photoelectrodes for solar fuels generation. Using optical data and assuming an idealized 100% incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency, it is possible to project the maximum short circuit photocurrent efficiency to be expected for a given oxide semiconductor. The performance gap between this theoretical value and that realized experimentally, is shown to be sizable for all but a couple of candidates. The technical issues underlying this gap and strategies for closing it are presented below.
BattPhase – A convergent, non-oscillatory, efficient algorithm and code for predicting shape changes in lithium metal batteries using phase-field models – 1. Secondary Current Distribution
Authors: Subramanian Venkat R. , Jang Taejin , Mishra Lubhani , Roberts Scott Alan , Subramaniam Akshay , Uppaluri Maitri , Gururajan MP , Zhang Ji-Guang
Published: April 2022

Electrochemical models at different scales and varying levels of complexity have been used in theliterature to study the evolution of the anode surface in lithium metal batteries. This includescontinuum, mesoscale (phase-field approaches), and multiscale models. Thermodynamics-basedequations have been used to study phase changes in lithium batteries using phase-field approaches.However, grid convergence studies and the effect of additional parameters needed to simulatethese models are not well-documented in the literature. In this paper, using a motivating exampleof a moving boundary model in one- and two-dimensions, we show how one can formulate phasefield models, implement algorithms for the same and analyze the results. An open-access codewith no restrictions is provided as well. The article concludes with some thoughts on thecomputational efficiency of phase-field models for simulating dendritic growth
Investigation of Heat Transfer from Convective and Radiative Stretching/Shrinking Rectangular Fins
Authors: Din Zia Ud , Ali Amir , Ullah Sharif , Zaman Gul , Shah Kamal , Mlaiki Nabil
Published: April 2022

We study the efficiency of shrinking/stretching radiative fins to improve heat transfer rate. To evaluate the competence of suggested fins, the influence of shrinking/stretching, thermogeometric parameters, surface temperature, convection conduction, radiation conduction, and Peclet number is investigated. The problem is solved numerically using a shooting method. To validate the numerical solution, the results are compared with the solution of a differential transform method. Temperature distribution increases with a rise in convection and radiation conduction parameters when Peclet number, stretching/shrinking, ambience, and surface temperatures are raised. The temperature of the fin’s tip increases as ambient temperature, Peclet number, and surface temperature increase, and decreases for enhanced radiation and convection conduction parameters. Radiation and convection cause the efficiency of the fin to increase for shrinking and decrease for stretching, which shows an important role in heat transfer analysis in mechanical engineering. The formulated model is also studied analytically, and the result is compared to numerical solution, which shows qualitatively good agreement.
Research on Literary Translation Based on the Improved Optimization Model
Authors: Liu Hongjian
Published: April 2022

Machine translation is widely used in people’s daily lives and production, occupying an important position. In order to improve the accuracy of the literary intelligent translation, research on literary intelligent translation is based on the improved optimization model. Based on semantic features, the semantic ontology optimization model including an encoder and a decoder is created by machine translation. In order to improve the accuracy of the intelligent translation literature of the semantic ontology optimization model, the conversion layer, including the forward neural network layer, residual connection layer, and normalization layer, is added between the encoder and decoder of the semantic ontology optimization model. An improved optimization model is established, and syntax conversion is realized by using the conversion layer, which completes the intelligent translation of literature. It is found that the BLEU value of using this method to translate literary sentences can reach 17.23 when the number of training steps is set as 8000, and the training time is low. The translation result has a low correlation misalignment rate, which can meet the user’s literary translation needs.
High-Order Moment Contagion of the Carbon Market: A Heterogeneity Analysis of Market Volatility Trend
Authors: Ni Li , Yun Po , Sun Jingping
Published: April 2022

Information asymmetry and extreme events shocks can lead to the phenomenon of significant carbon market contagion. However, the existing studies mainly focus on the low-order moment of carbon price, making it difficult to reveal the risk contagion characteristic caused by irrational behaviors and policy shocks. This article takes market skewness and kurtosis into the research framework and constructs the FR, CS, and CK statistical model to detect the contagion in correlation channel, coskewness channel, and cokurtosis channel, respectively. The contribution of this article is to reveal the significant high-order moment contagion channel and strength of carbon market to its infected market under different market volatility trends. The results show significant contagion is widespread from the carbon market to its infected markets through the channels of coskewness and cokurtosis in different volatility trends. Additionally, the contagion strength in volatility rapid and slowly rise trend is generally higher than in the volatility rapid and slowly decline trend. That is to say, the shock of market irrationality and external events in the carbon market measured by the high-order moment contagion channels are essential risk factors that affect its infected markets. Those results convince that the acceptance of significant contagion sourced from the carbon market varies for different infected markets.
Effects of Different Intervention Methods on Intestinal Cleanliness in Children Undergoing Colonoscopy
Authors: Yang Yirong , Xiao Yuan , Zhang Li , Lv Jiajia , Huang Qiyun
Published: April 2022

Objective. To explore the effects of different intervention methods on intestinal cleanliness in children undergoing colonoscopy. Methods. 61 children who underwent colonoscopy in our hospital from May 2020 to May 2021 were randomly divided into group A (n = 21), group B (n = 30), and group C (n = 10). The children in the three groups were intervened in different ways before the colonoscopy. Group A received a long-handled Kaiselu +1 cathartic intervention, while group B received a long-handled Kaiselu +2 cathartic intervention, and group C received an enema plus one cathartic intervention. The patients in the three groups were given the same diet before the examination until the examination was completed. The time-related indexes, cleanliness, adverse reactions, tolerance, and adaptability of the three groups under different dietary interventions and cleaning methods were evaluated. Results. The first defecation time in group C was lower than that in group A and group B, the hospital stay was longer than that in group A and group B (p>0.05), and the colonoscopy time in group C was shorter than that in group A and group B (p<0.05). The BBPS score of group C was (2.10 ± 0.32), which was significantly higher than that of group A (1.16 ± 0.19) and group B (1.77 ± 0.18) (p<0.05). The BBPS scores of children with liquid food in the three groups were significantly higher than those of common food, and the BBPS scores of liquid food and common food in group C were significantly higher than those in group A and group B (p<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in group C was 20.00%, which was significantly lower than 33.33% in group A and 23.33% in group B (p<0.05). The proportion of grade I in group C was 50.00%, which was significantly higher than 38.10% in group A and 43.33% in group B (p<0.05). Conclusion. Children undergoing colonoscopy take preintestinal preparation under different diets and intervention methods. The cleanliness of liquid food and enema + one-time laxative one day before colonoscopy is the best, which can significantly reduce adverse reactions and increase the acceptability and adaptability of children. It is worthy of clinical application.
Selecting the Optimal Green Supplier and Order Allocation under Linear Discount
Authors: Lakshmanpriya C. , Kumaravel A. , Saravanan M. , Manoj Kumar P.
Published: April 2022

Selecting the right supplier can be one of the most critical decisions for manufacturing firms. Strategic issues often dictate whether a company thrives or fails. When making important decisions, certain people consider the importance of green-friendly criteria before selecting a supplier. Various companies prioritize green suppliers in their selection process. This work considers the grey method of choosing green suppliers by considering the excellence and weakness. In addition to the green suppliers, the allocation of orders is carried out. The green vendors are focused on utilizing grey, and the demand is assigned by utilizing linear discounts for multiple products and time periods. This work introduces an integrated model with multiple products and time periods for determining demand using green criteria. The outcome of this work is to assign orders to the best suppliers to increase total purchase value while reducing total purchase costs. Then, the method is depicted with a numerical model in a linear discount scenario. A sensitivity analysis was carried out. TVP and TCP differences in order quantity and optimum solution are illustrated in the sensitivity analysis. The numerical model is programmed and resolved by LINGO 18.
Deep Learning-Based MR Imaging for Analysis of Relation between Cerebrospinal Fluid Variation and Communicating Hydrocephalus after Decompressive Craniectomy for Craniocerebral Injury
Authors: Mao Yangming , Shen Zhouming , Wang Jun , Zhu Haifeng , Yu Zhengyong , Chen Xiang , Cheng Hua
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid variation and hydrocephalus through deep learning-based (DL-based) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to improve the postoperative recovery of craniocerebral injury (CI) patients and reduce the deterioration after decompressive craniectomy of the patient. 50 patients with CI who received the diagnosis and treatment at the hospital were chosen as the subjects. The retrospective analysis on patients with CI was conducted herein. First, the general clinical data of the patients were analyzed. Next, the MRI images for brain damage of the patients were collected. After that, the DL-based brain image classification and the artificial intelligence technology were utilized to solve the classification problems with classifiers. Finally, the DL-based convolutional neural network (CNN) was adopted to preprocess the image features, and the offline training and online reconstruction were conducted after the construction of the model. Four groups of databases were selected for deep learning and analyzed in terms of data feature analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and application of 3D scale-invariant feature transformation (SIFT) operators in image data analysis. The results manifested that, the WHGO descriptor and the area under the curve were the largest. SIFI, PCA, and WHGO had the sensitivity of 87.5%, 88.2%, and 90.1%, the specificity of 91.8%, 90.1%, and 94.2%, and the correct rate of 90.6%, 87.5%, and 92.4%, respectively. The volume content of the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space was 77.04% higher than that of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricle. In conclusion, the intelligent deep learning model proposed in this article was able to assume the measurement of clinical cases and auxiliary diagnosis. This model not only can help doctors save the diagnosis time and enhance the medical efficiency, but also can precisely identify the patient’s lesion area. Therefore, it had substantial application potential in mobile-based clinical practice.
Wet Adhesion of Soap Bubble Bridge between Two Curved Surfaces
Authors: Xu Peibao , Wang Qi , Zhou Lin , Yu Yong , Zhao Jun , Li Kai
Published: April 2022

Wet adhesion phenomenon of the soap bubble bridge is widespread in the climbing behaviors of geckos and insects, and the surface shapes generally have important impact on the adhesion behavior of soap bubble bridge. In order to focus on the effect of the shape on the wet adhesion, we study the adhesion behavior between two rigid surfaces containing different shapes such as concave, flat, and convex. For a given soap bubble bridge, the relationship between adhesion force and separation is numerically calculated, and the corresponding configuration of soap bubble bridge is also given. The results show that the adhesion force of soap bubble bridge decreases with the increase of separation. This trend is the same as the case of liquid bridge, although the volume of liquid bridge is constant while the volume of soap bubble bridge varies. The adhesion force with concave rigid surfaces is bigger than that of the other two kinds of rigid surfaces at the same separation. The wetting radius of the soap bubble bridge decreases with the increase of separation. The appearance of this phenomenon results from the equation of state for the gas in the soap bubble bridge. This research may improve the understanding of the mechanical mechanism of wet adhesion.
Overlying Rock Activity Laws and Influential Ranges of Coal Seam Mining in Stubble Areas
Authors: Jia Baoxin , Chen Hao , Li Zhiyong , Tang Zhi
Published: April 2022

This report applies theoretical analysis, similar material simulations, and numerical simulation methods to study the overburden strata movements and influential range of coal mining under pressure stubble conditions and to elucidate the relationship between adjacent coal seams. The pressure, failure, caving, stress, and displacement of crop conditions during coal seam mining were evaluated. The results show that the overlying W9-10 coal face and underlying J16-17 roof experience a long first pressure step, i.e., close to the periodic weighting distance. The working face of the W9-10 coal seam is located in the bending subsidence zone of the working face of the J16-17 coal seam. With the advance of the working face of the J16-17 coal seam, the development and range of overburden fracture of the W9-10 coal seam gradually increase. The supporting pressure and displacement caused by the mining process at the W coal seam have no impact on the coal seam of the stubble area, whereas the mining of the J coal seam leads to a continuous increase in the overburden displacement of the W coal seam; the latter also induces a shift in the maximum displacement to the rear, which is more significant for the stress concentration at the middle and front regions of the stubble area, thus presenting a superposition effect. The stress caused by mining at the coal seam decreases with increasing vertical distance from the roof or floor. For distant coal seams, the main contributing factor is the effect of vertical stress. The influential range of the vertical stress caused by mining in the overlying working face remains within 90 m, whereas the influential range of the stress caused by mining in the underlying working face is relatively large, i.e., it still affects the roadway at distances up to 160 m. The results and discussion presented herein provide significant practical value in terms of understanding the overburden strata activity and its influential range in adjacent mines’ stubble areas, which can be used to guide group mining efforts.
Resilience Assessment for Microgrid with Pre-Position and Reconfiguration of Emergency Distribution Generations under Natural Hazard
Authors: Lei Hongtao , Huang Shengjun , Liu Yajie , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2022

Recently, increasing the number and severity of the natural hazards requires the resilience assessment and enhancement of the power system, especially the microgrid system. The emergency distribution generations have great potential to enhance the resilience of microgrid against blackouts under the emergency environment. This paper investigates the resilience assessment of the microgrid system under natural hazard, where emergency distribution generations are firstly pre-positioned on system nodes and then reconfigured after system damage occurs. A new resilience metric index and an efficient approximation computation method are provided for the resilience assessment of the focused problem. A new pre-position strategy and a new reconfiguration strategy on emergency distribution generations are proposed for the microgrid system emergency restoration under natural hazard. Also, a framework of resilience assessment is provided for problem-solving. The results of extensive experiments on the modified IEEE 30-Bus system and modified IEEE 118-Bus system confirm the effectiveness of the resilience assessment methodology and the superiority of proposed restoration strategies.
Upregulated Circular RNA KIF4A Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion by Regulating MicroRNA-144-3p/EZH2 Axis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yan Honglin , Han Linyu , He Na , Li Rong , He Shuixiang
Published: April 2022

Accumulating evidence has shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve a critical regulatory role in various human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC), and in this study, we aimed to explore the functions of circKIF4A in the progression of GC. Our findings demonstrated that circKIF4A was highly expressed in both GC tissues and cell lines, and high intratumoral circKIF4A expression predicted a poor prognosis in GC patients. In vitro gain- and loss-of-function assays indicated that circKIF4A knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of GC cells, while these malignant behaviors were enhanced by circKIF4A overexpression. Mechanistically, we found that circKIF4A was mainly located in the cytoplasm, could directly interact with microRNA- (miR-) 144-3p, and functions as a miRNA sponge to regulate EZH2 expression in GC cells. miR-144-3p inhibition or EZH2 restoration largely blocked the effects of circKIF4A knockdown on the malignant behaviors of GC cells. This study indicated that circKIF4A can efficiently sponge miR-144-3p to promote the malignant behaviors of GC cells and may provide a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for GC management.