bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I Need You!” Patients’ Care Dependency Patterns During Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders and Its Association with Symptom Reduction and Wish for Treatment Continuation
Authors: Geurtzen Naline , Karremans Johan C. , Keijsers Ger P. J. , Hutschemaekers Giel J. M.
Published: January 2023

Different views exist regarding the nature of patients’ dependency in psychotherapy (trait versus contextual dependency), and its impact on treatment outcome and duration. Therefore we examined whether patients’ levels of care dependency changed over time during a 9-month treatment period, and whether care dependency was related to symptom reduction and patients’ wish for treatment continuation at the end of the treatment. Participants in this longitudinal study were 113 patients (Mage = 33.6, 78% female) with personality disorders receiving inpatient or daycare group psychotherapy. Both increases and decreases on different aspects of care dependency were found over the course of treatment. Decreases in dependency were related to larger symptom reduction, and higher levels of care dependency, especially patients’ lack of perceived alternative options for the current treatment, were related to patients’ stronger wish to continue their treatment. Changes in care dependency during treatment mainly supports the contextual view on patients’ care dependency, and decreasing levels of dependency may have beneficial treatment effects. However, dependency may also lead to prolonged treatment duration. Clinical implications for therapists are presented.
A theoretical distribution analysis of synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) for imbalanced learning
Authors: Elreedy Dina , Atiya Amir F. , Kamalov Firuz
Published: January 2023

Class imbalance occurs when the class distribution is not equal. Namely, one class is under-represented (minority class), and the other class has significantly more samples in the data (majority class). The class imbalance problem is prevalent in many real world applications. Generally, the under-represented minority class is the class of interest. The synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) method is considered the most prominent method for handling unbalanced data. The SMOTE method generates new synthetic data patterns by performing linear interpolation between minority class samples and their K nearest neighbors. However, the SMOTE generated patterns do not necessarily conform to the original minority class distribution. This paper develops a novel theoretical analysis of the SMOTE method by deriving the probability distribution of the SMOTE generated samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work deriving a mathematical formulation for the SMOTE patterns’ probability distribution. This allows us to compare the density of the generated samples with the true underlying class-conditional density, in order to assess how representative the generated samples are. The derived formula is verified by computing it on a number of densities versus densities computed and estimated empirically.
Where the social meets the biological: new ontologies of biosocial race
Authors: Chellappoo Azita , Baedke Jan
Published: January 2023

In recent years, postgenomic research, and the fields of epigenetics and microbiome science in particular, have described novel ways in which social processes of racialization can become embodied and result in physiological and health-related racial difference. This new conception of biosocial race has important implications for philosophical debates on the ontology of race. We argue that postgenomic research on race exhibits two key biases in the way that racial schemas are deployed. Firstly, although the ‘new biosocial race’ has been characterized as social race entering into biological processes, it is only particular aspects of social race that are taken to cross the biosocial boundary, resulting in a distorted view of the social component of biosocial race. Secondly, racial categories are assumed to be stable across time and space. This assumption is epistemically limiting, as well as indicating a reliance on a fixed racial ontology. However, the causal pathways for the embodiment of social race, and the different possible modes of embodiment, that postgenomic science is uncovering themselves present a challenge for fixed or static racial ontologies. Given these tensions, we argue that the emerging picture of a shifting landscape of entanglement between the social and the biological requires us to increase the complexity of our ontologies of race, or even embrace a deflationary metaphysics of race.
Increased co-expression of stromal HHLA2 and fibroblast activation protein in upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Nishihara Daisaku , Kijima Toshiki , Arai Kyoko , Kamai Takao
Published: January 2023

Background

The human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2; also known as B7 homolog 7 [B7-H7]) regulates immune responses. However, its immunoregulatory role in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remains unclear.

Methods

We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of HHLA2 and fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which is a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts, in UTUC tissues from 85 patients who underwent nephroureterectomy. The associations between the expressions of HHLA2 and FAP and clinicopathological characteristics were investigated.

Results

The increased expression of HHLA2 in tumor cells (t-HHLA2) was associated with a low histological grade, a negative lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and a low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, whereas an increased expression of HHLA2 in stromal cells (s-HHLA2) was associated with a high histological grade. No correlation was observed between the expression of t-HHLA2 and s-HHLA2. FAP was expressed only in the stromal cells (s-FAP). Positive s-FAP expression was significantly associated with increased s-HHLA2 expression, higher histological grade, higher pathological T stage, and positive LVI. Higher t-HHLA2 was associated with longer cancer-specific and progression-free survival. In contrast, positive s-FAP was associated with short progression-free survival.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the progression of UTUC may involve increased co-expression of HHLA2 and FAP in the tumor stroma.
Novel Methods for Imputing Missing Values in Water Level Monitoring Data
Authors: Khampuengson Thakolpat , Wang Wenjia
Published: January 2023

Hydrological data are collected automatically from remote water level monitoring stations and then transmitted to the national water management centre via telemetry system. However, the data received at the centre can be incomplete or anomalous due to some issues with the instruments such as power and sensor failures. Usually, the detected anomalies or missing data are just simply eliminated from the data, which could lead to inaccurate analysis or even false alarms. Therefore, it is very helpful to identify missing values and correct them as accurate as possible. In this paper, we introduced a new approach - Full Subsequence Matching (FSM), for imputing missing values in telemetry water level data. The FSM firstly identifies a sequence of missing values and replaces them with some constant values to create a dummy complete sequence. Then, searching for the most similar subsequence from the historical data. Finally, the identified subsequence will be adapted to fit the missing part based on their similarity. The imputation accuracy of the FSM was evaluated with telemetry water level data and compared to some well-established methods - Interpolation, k-NN, MissForest, and also a leading deep learning method - the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) technique. Experimental results show that the FSM technique can produce more precise imputations, particularly for those with strong periodic patterns.
Lithium Sorption/Desorption in Some Alkaline Soils: Modeling of the Kinetics Behavior
Authors: Elbana Tamer A. , Osman Mohamed A.
Published: January 2023

Global concern over lithium (Li) in the environment has significantly increased due to its widespread uses. However, the literature review on Li kinetics in alkaline soils is scant. Hence, batch experiments were conducted to quantify and simulate the retention and release of Li in sandy and sandy clay loam alkaline soils. Sorption isotherms were fitted using Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Second-order two site (SOTS) and multi-reaction (MRM) models were applied to simulate sorption/desorption kinetic data. Results revealed the nonlinear behavior of Li sorption isotherms in both studied soils. The maximum sorption capacity (Smax) for the sandy clay loam soil (1268.6 mg kg−1) was three-fold higher than the sandy soil (368.9 mg kg−1) after 7 days of equilibration. The sandy soil and sandy clay loam soils exhibited distinctive kinetic Li sorption/desorption behavior. MRM and SOTS models described Li sorption/desorption kinetic well by considering the reversible and irreversible reactions in alkaline soils. Results indicate that sandy soil exhibits a time-dependent sorption behavior and a restricted desorption kinetic. In contrast, the sandy clay loam exhibited a limited time-dependent Li sorption, while the kinetic behavior was observed during the desorption reaction.

Graphical abstract
Perception of the prognostic impact of physical activity among cancer survivors: a narrative review
Authors: Suzuki Katsuyoshi , Naito Tateaki , Okayama Taro , Yonenaga Yusuke , Kitagawa Midori , Sato Rika , Suzuki Keisuke , Ishii Takeshi , Mitsuhashi Noriko , Uehara Ryusuke , Shimizu Aruu , Nishizawa Tamae , Fuseya Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Little is known about cancer survivors’ perceptions of the prognostic impact of physical activity (PA) and the association between perceptions and PA. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to identify cancer survivors' perceptions of the prognostic impact of PA, perception barriers, and association with PA.

Methods

A literature search was performed via PubMed and Scopus with search terms including “physical activity”, “cancer survivor”, and “perception” in November 2022. Inclusion criteria were studies that investigated cancer survivors’ perceptions of the prognostic impact of PA written in English. Studies were excluded for patients undergoing cancer treatment or advanced cancer patients only.

Results

Our search identified a total of 13,080 articles, and 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. The study sample size ranged from 8 to 1003 participants. Most studies showed that cancer survivors poorly understood the prognostic impact of PA. Perception barriers were cited as a lack of advice from health care professionals (HCPs). Several studies reported a positive association between the perception of the prognostic impact of PA and actual PA.

Conclusions

This narrative review revealed that most reports showed that cancer survivors have a poor perception of the prognostic impact of PA. In addition, the lack of advice from HCPs may also be contributing to the lack of perception among cancer survivors. Therefore, to increase the amount of PA among cancer survivors, it is necessary to improve the perception of the prognostic impact of PA in both cancer survivors and HCPs.
High temporal resolution records of outdoor and indoor airborne microplastics
Authors: Boakes Lucy C. , Patmore Ian R. , Bancone Chiara E. P. , Rose Neil L.
Published: January 2023

There is increasing concern regarding airborne microplastics, but to date, studies have typically used coarse interval sampling (a day or longer) to generate deposition and concentration estimates. In this proof-of-concept study, we used a Burkard volumetric spore trap (intake 10 L min−1; recording airborne particulates onto an adhesive-coated tape moving at 2 mm hr−1) to assess whether this approach has potential to record airborne microplastics at an hourly resolution, thereby providing detailed diurnal patterns. Simultaneous sampling at outdoor and indoor locations at rural and urban sites showed clear daily and weekly patterns in microplastic concentrations which may be related to people and vehicle movement. Indoor residential concentrations of suspected microplastics were the highest (reaching hourly concentrations of 40–50 m−3), whilst rural outdoor concentrations were very low (typically 1–2 m−3 h−1). Whilst the approach shows great potential for high resolution data generation, further development is required for spectroscopic analysis and hence chemical confirmation of visual microplastic identification.
Inkonsistent einseitig
Authors: Maurer Marcus , Jost Pablo , Kruschinski Simon , Haßler Jörg
Published: January 2023

Die Medienberichterstattung über Geflüchtete wird von einem großen Teil der deutschen Bevölkerung als einseitig wahrgenommen. Inhaltsanalysen zeigen allerdings sehr unterschiedliche Befunde: Während einige Studien eine einseitig positive Berichterstattung konstatieren, kommen andere zu dem Ergebnis, die Berichterstattung sei einseitig negativ. Dabei handelt es sich jedoch meist um Querschnittstudien im Zusammenhang mit besonders spektakulären Ereignissen von unterschiedlicher Valenz. Zudem werden oft nur wenige Medien und wenige Indikatoren für Einseitigkeit betrachtet. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht deshalb erstmals die Berichterstattung von sechs deutschen Leitmedien über Geflüchtete in einem Zeitraum von fast sechs Jahren (Mai 2015 bis Dezember 2020) anhand verschiedener Indikatoren für Einseitigkeit. Eine manuelle Inhaltsanalyse von 8185 Medienbeiträgen zeigt, dass insgesamt zwei konfligierende Narrative die Berichterstattung dominierten: Geflüchtete wurden als Menschen in Not charakterisiert, die aus humanitären Gründen aufgenommen werden müssen, und gleichzeitig als Sicherheitsrisiko für die deutsche Bevölkerung beschrieben. Im Zeitverlauf zeigten sich ereignisabhängig erhebliche Schwankungen in Menge und Tendenz der Berichterstattung. Zugleich war aber auch ein Trend zu weniger und negativerer Berichterstattung erkennbar. Ursachen und vermutliche Folgen dieser Berichterstattungsmuster werden im Beitrag diskutiert.
High-Sensitivity Early Detection Biomedical Sensor for Tuberculosis With Low Losses in the Terahertz Regime Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber Technology
Authors: Mohammed Nazmi A. , Khedr Omar E. , El-Rabaie El-Sayed M. , Khalaf Ashraf A. M.
Published: January 2023

Tuberculosis is one of the most contagious and lethal illnesses in the world, according to the World Health Organization. Tuberculosis had the leading mortality rate as a result of a single infection, ranking above HIV/AIDS. Early detection is an essential factor in patient treatment and can improve the survival rate. Detection methods should have high mobility, high accuracy, fast detection, and low losses. This work presents a novel biomedical photonic crystal fiber sensor, which can accurately detect and distinguish between the different types of tuberculosis bacteria. The designed sensor detects these types with high relative sensitivity and negligible losses compared to other photonic crystal fiber-based biomedical sensors. The proposed sensor exhibits a relative sensitivity of 90.6%, an effective area of 4.342×10−8m2, with a negligible confinement loss of 3.13×10−9cm−1, a remarkably low effective material loss of 0.0132cm−1, and a numerical aperture of 0.3462. The proposed sensor is capable of operating in the terahertz regimes over a wide range (1 THz–2.4THz). An abbreviated review of non-optical detection techniques is also presented. An in-depth comparison between this work and recent related photonic crystal fiber-based literature is drawn to validate the efficacy and authenticity of the proposed design.
Design, fabrication, and evaluation of functionally graded triply periodic minimal surface structures fabricated by 3D printing
Authors: Hassan Ibrahim M. , Enab Tawakol A. , Fouda Noha , Eldesouky Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

Cellular structures are a favorite selection for the design of lightweight components and energy absorption applications due to several advantages such as their customizable stiffness and strength. In this investigation, functionally graded (FG) triply periodic minimal surfaces, Schoen-IWP (SIWP), and Schwarz primitive (SPrim) cellular structures were fabricated by masked stereolithography (MSLA) technique using ABS-like gray resin. The sample morphology, deformation behavior, mechanical characteristics, and energy absorption of graded and uniform structures were studied using experimental compression tests. The FG sample structures exhibited layer-by-layer collapse delaying shear failure. On the other hand, uniform samples showed complete diagonal shear failure. The total energy absorption to the densification point was 0.52 MJ/m3 and 0.58 MJ/m3 for graded and uniform SIWP, respectively. Additionally, the absorbed energy of the graded SPrim structure was 0.59 MJ/m3 while the uniform one absorbed 0.27 MJ/m3. The investigations showed that the graded SPrim absorbed more energy with high densification strain during the compression test.
The Experience of ER Nurses in Lebanese Hospitals, During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chaiban Cedric Georges , Maamari Olivia , Issa Sahar T. , Asmar Michèle Kosremelli
Published: January 2023

Objective:

The increasing number of COVID-19 cases, as well as the overwhelming workload, constitutes a serious occupational health threat to Emergency Room (ER) nurses working on the frontlines. In Lebanon, where unstable socio-economic conditions reign, the Covid-19 outbreak was added to the plethora of daily challenges faced by healthcare workers. The study’s objective is to explore how Lebanese ER nurses perceived their duty on the frontlines amid the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods:

This study employed a descriptive exploratory qualitative design. 15 Lebanese ER nurses working directly with Covid-19 patients were recruited from 3 university hospitals in Beirut. Interviews were held for data collection until data saturation. Subsequent analysis was done via coding of the transcribed verbatim.

Results:

The findings showed significant gaps related to preparedness, support, and governmental action. Similarly, the frontliners faced serious challenges that increased their stress levels both physically and mentally. Furthermore, some participants were subject to stigma and had to face irresponsible behaviors during triage. Participants emphasized the need to guarantee a safe environment at work, to provide Covid-19 patients with the needed care.

Conclusions:

ER nurses struggled during this pandemic while working on the frontlines. They described their experience as not satisfying, with high levels of stress, danger, and challenges.
-ADIC QUOTIENT SETS: LINEAR RECURRENCE SEQUENCES
Authors: ANTONY DEEPA , BARMAN RUPAM
Published: January 2023

Let$(x_n)_{n\geq 0}$be a linear recurrence of order$k\geq 2$satisfying$x_n=a_1x_{n-1}+a_2x_{n-2}+\cdots +a_kx_{n-k}$for all integers$n\geq k$, where$a_1,\ldots ,a_k,x_0,\ldots , x_{k-1}\in \mathbb {Z},$with$a_k\neq 0$. Sanna [‘The quotient set ofk-generalised Fibonacci numbers is dense in$\mathbb {Q}_p$’,Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.96(1) (2017), 24–29] posed the question of classifying primespfor which the quotient set of$(x_n)_{n\geq 0}$is dense in$\mathbb {Q}_p$. We find a sufficient condition for denseness of the quotient set of thekth-order linear recurrence$(x_n)_{n\geq 0}$satisfying$ x_{n}=a_1x_{n-1}+a_2x_{n-2}+\cdots +a_kx_{n-k}$for all integers$n\geq k$with initial values$x_0=\cdots =x_{k-2}=0,x_{k-1}=1$, where$a_1,\ldots ,a_k\in \mathbb {Z}$and$a_k=1$. We show that, given a primep, there are infinitely many recurrence sequences of order$k\geq 2$whose quotient sets are not dense in$\mathbb {Q}_p$. We also study the quotient sets of linear recurrence sequences with coefficients in certain arithmetic and geometric progressions.
The effects of N-acetylcysteine on ovulation and sex hormones profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shahveghar Asl Zahra , Parastouei Karim , Eskandari Eslam
Published: January 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases characterised by unusual levels of sex hormones and dysfunction of the ovaries. The infertility rate is high among patients with PCOS. Unusual hormonal status can lead to the inability of ovaries to release functional and mature follicles. Clinical trials on the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation on ovulation and sex hormones profile in women with PCOS have been controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the potential effects of NAC supplementation on ovulation and sex hormones profile. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central library international databases were searched till September 2021. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects approach in case of significant between-study heterogeneity. Eighteen studies, including 2185 participants, were included in the present meta-analysis. NAC significantly reduced total testosterone (TT) levels (standardised mean difference (SMD): −0·25 ng/ml; 95 % CI (−0·39, −0·10); ‘P < 0·001’, I2 = 53·9 %, P = 0·034) and increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (SMD: 0·39 mg/ml; 95 % CI (0·07, 0·71); P = 0·01, I2 = 70·9 %, P = 0·002). Oestrogen levels also increased after correcting publication bias. However, no significant effect was observed on the number of follicles, endometrial thickness, progesterone, serum luteinising hormone levels and sex hormone-binding globulin. The results indicated that NAC supplementation decreased TT levels and increased FSH levels. Overall, NAC supplementation might be effective in the improvement of reproductive system function in patients with PCOS.
The Demise of the NYSE and Nasdaq: Market Quality in the Age of Market Fragmentation
Authors: Haslag Peter , Ringgenberg Matthew C.
Published: January 2023

U.S. equity exchanges have experienced a dramatic increase in competition from new entrants, resulting in the fragmentation of trading across venues. While market quality has generally improved over this period, we show most of the improvements have accrued to the largest stocks. We then show this bifurcation in market quality is related to the fragmentation of trading. Theoretically, more exchange competition should reduce trading costs, yet it may also increase adverse selection for liquidity providers, leading to higher spreads. We document evidence of both effects (fragmentation improves market quality for large stocks while small stocks experience relatively worse quality).
Maternal invalidation and child RSA reactivity to frustration interact to predict teacher-reported aggression among at-risk preschoolers
Authors: Byrd Amy L. , Frigoletto Olivia A. , Vine Vera , Vanwoerden Salome , Jennings J. Richard , Zalewski Maureen , Stepp Stephanie D.
Published: January 2023

Background

Aggression is a transdiagnostic indicator of risk and represents one of the most common reasons children are referred for mental health treatment. Theory and research highlight the impact of maternal invalidation on child aggression and suggest that its influence may vary based on differences in child physiological reactivity. Moreover, the interaction between these risk factors may be particularly pronounced among children of mothers with emotion regulation (ER) difficulties. The current study examined the independent and interactive effects of maternal invalidation and child physiological reactivity to frustration on teacher-reported aggression in an at-risk sample of preschool children.

Method

Participants included 77 mothers (Mage = 33.17 years, s.d. = 4.83; 35% racial/ethnic minority) and their children (Mage = 42.48 months; s.d. = 3.78; 56% female; 47% racial/ethnic minority). Groups of mothers with and without clinician-rated ER difficulties reported on maternal invalidation, and child respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was assessed continuously during a frustration task as an indicator of physiological reactivity. Teachers or daycare providers reported on child aggression.

Results

Results demonstrated positive associations between maternal ER difficulties and both maternal invalidation and child RSA reactivity to frustration. As expected, the interaction between maternal invalidation and child RSA reactivity was significant, such that higher maternal invalidation and greater child RSA reactivity to frustration predicted more aggression in a daycare or preschool setting. Importantly, this effect was demonstrated while controlling for demographic covariates and baseline RSA.

Conclusions

Findings are in line with diathesis–stress and biosocial models of risk and point to multiple targets for prevention and early intervention.
Revisiting the traditional conceptualizations of vocabulary knowledge as predictors of dual language learners’ English reading achievement in a new destination state
Authors: Oh Min Hyun , Mancilla-Martinez Jeannette , Hwang Jin Kyoung
Published: January 2023

The unprecedented growth of Spanish-English dual language learners (DLLs) in new destination states (e.g., Georgia, Indiana, South Carolina, Tennessee) calls for better understanding of the relation between their bilingual vocabulary skills and English reading achievement. The current study focused on school-age Spanish-English DLLs (N = 60) in Tennessee and explored how various vocabulary knowledge conceptualizations predict English reading comprehension achievement, controlling for English word reading skills and grade level. Vocabulary knowledge was assessed using monolingual (English-only and Spanish-only) and bilingual (conceptual and total) scoring methods. Results showed that, while DLLs performed below the national mean for English-only and Spanish-only vocabulary, they performed within the average to above-average range for bilingually scored conceptual vocabulary. More uniquely, the expressive vocabulary knowledge emerged as a robust predictor of English reading comprehension above and beyond the influence of English word reading skills. Findings suggest practical and theoretical value of bilingually driven vocabulary assessment approaches. As expected, bilingually scored vocabulary provided a more comprehensive understanding of DLLs’ vocabulary knowledge by accounting for vocabulary knowledge in both Spanish and English, compared to monolingually scored vocabulary. We discuss theoretical and instructional implications, with a focus on asset-driven and scientific assessment understandings for supporting DLLs’ vocabulary and reading achievement in new destination states.
Before Equal Protection: The Fall of Cross-Dressing Bans and the Transgender Legal Movement, 1963–86
Authors: Redburn Kate
Published: January 2023

Scholars are still unsure why American cities passed cross-dressing bans over the closing decades of the nineteenth century. By the 1960s, cities in every region of the United States had cross-dressing regulations, from major metropolitan centers to small cities and towns. They were used to criminalize gender non-conformity in many forms - for feminists, countercultural hippies, cross-dressers (or “transvestites”), and people we would now consider transgender. Starting in the late 1960s, however, criminal defendants began to topple cross-dressing bans.

The story of their success invites a re-assessment of the contemporary LGBT movement’s legal history. This article argues that a trans legal movement developed separately but in tandem with constitutional claims on behalf of gays and lesbians. In some cases, gender outlaws attempted to defend the right to cross-dress without asking courts to understand or adjudicate their gender. These efforts met with mixed success: courts began to recognize their constitutional rights, but litigation also limited which gender outlaws could qualify as trans legal subjects. Examining their legal strategies offers a window into the messy process of translating gender non-conforming experiences and subjectivities into something that courts could understand. Transgender had to be analytically separated from gay and lesbian in life and law before it could be reattached as a distinct minority group.
Reflections on the Workings of General Synod
Authors: Broadbent Pete
Published: January 2023

This article is based on a paper delivered to the Ecclesiastical Law Society's day conference in 2022. It is a reflection on the workings of General Synod from the perspective of an author who has been a member of Synod for around 36 years. The article examines three discrete themes: (i) the problem of authority in the Church of England, (ii) the shortcomings of Synodical government, and (iii) the urgency of mission. It examines these themes by considering, among other things, the Church of England's response to a number of contemporary issues: its response to the COVID-19 pandemic, proposed reform of its governance structures, its ability to respond to issues concerning sexuality and racial justice, and the proposals for reforming the Mission and Pastoral Measure 2011, as set out in GS 2222.
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Prospective Epidemiology Monitoring during the First Five Years of EuReCa Program Implementation in Serbia
Authors: Randjelovic Suzana S. , Nikolovski Srdjan S. , Tijanic Jelena Z. , Obradovic Ivana A. , Fiser Zoran Z. , Lazic Aleksandra D. , Raffay Violetta I.
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Poor outcome is still a challenging concern in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) world-wide and there are large differences between European countries regarding not only incidence rates, but survival rates as well. In 2014, Serbian Resuscitation Council initiated regular data collection on epidemiology of OHCA, according to the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest (EuReCa) study protocol.

Study Objective:

The aim of this study is to analyze the results of the first five-year period after initiation of EuReCa study protocol elements implementation in OHCA epidemiological data collection in Serbia.

Methods:

The observed period in this study is about the data on OHCA, collected within the observed area of 16 municipalities covering 1,604,015 citizens, during the period from October 1, 2014 – December 31, 2019. The study included data on all-cause OHCA in both adult and pediatric patients, according to the EuReCa One study protocol, of which all segments were observed.

Results:

Within the study period, 5,196 OHCA patients were observed with annual incidence of 83.60/100,000. Of all registered events, 43.9% were witnessed. The most common collapse location was patient’s residence (88.7%). Within the group of initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), cardiac etiology was observed in 80.5% of cases and shockable rhythm in 21.7%. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) prior to hospital admission was significantly more frequently achieved and maintained on admission in witnessed cases, cases occurring out of patient’s residence, and in cases with shockable initial rhythm (P <.01).

Conclusion:

The OHCA incidence in Serbia is comparable with the incidence in the majority of European countries, and survival rates are now significantly higher in Utstein events compared to previous results from Serbia. Enrolment of witnessing bystanders in initiating CPR measures remains a concern requiring effort towards understanding of CPR initiation importance and education of general population in administering CPR measures.
The School of Pater: Register, Reception, and the Gay Phase
Authors: Eisenberg Emma Charlotte
Published: January 2023

This essay argues that certain readers used Pater's work on an artistic period (the Renaissance) in order to periodize the phases of their own lives. Specifically, I suggest that they took up his “school of art” as a model for conditional group membership in a homoerotic culture. Throughout his career, Pater wrote about collectives who reinterpret the past—usually the Renaissance or Ancient Greece and Rome—in order to establish common orientations in the present. However, it is his school concept that comes closest to centering a group's self-conception in this mediation. Examining how Pater's reception realized this potential, I will make two claims. My conceptual claim is that a linguistic term, “register,” would strengthen how we study a particular function of group identity: style as a shared persona that can be put on and off in particular contexts. My historical claim is that a kind of Paterian register, in excess of Pater's personal style and occasionally in opposition to his intentions, enabled a particular sexual culture—the gay phase—at Eton and Oxford in subsequent generations.
The minipublic bubble: how the contributions of minipublics are conceived in Belgium (2001–2021)
Authors: Vrydagh Julien
Published: January 2023

Deliberative minipublics—participatory processes combining civic lottery with structured deliberation—are increasingly presented as a solution to address a series of problems. Whereas political theory has been prolific in conceiving their contributions, it remains unclear how the people organizing minipublics in practice view their purposes, and how these conceptions align with the theory. This paper conducts a thematic analysis of the reports of all the minipublics convened in Belgium between 2001 and 2021 (n= 51) to map whether and how justifications coincide with the theory. The analysis reveals an important gap: minipublics are in practice predominantly presented as contributions to policymaking, while more deliberative functions remain peripheral. Some common practical purposes also remain under-theorized, in particular their capacity to bridge the gap between citizens and politics. This desynchronization, combined with a plethora of desired outcomes associated with minipublics, indicates the creation of a minipublic bubble which inflates their capacity to solve problems.
Association between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer
Authors: Hong Seung-Hee , Myung Seung-Kwon
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Background: Previous observational epidemiological studies such as case-control studies and cohort studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the associations between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer. Materials and methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE in August 2021 using keywords related to seafood intake and thyroid cancer. A pooled odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results: We included 17 observational studies with 13 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies, which included 4,309 thyroid cancer patients among 599,161 participants. In the random effects model meta-analysis of all 17 studies, we found that there was no significant association between seafood intake (highest vs. lowest intake) and the risk of thyroid cancer (OR or RR, 1.01; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.19; I2=51.4%). Although the associations were not statistically significant, subgroup meta-analyses by study design showed opposite findings: seafood intake decreased the risk of thyroid cancer in case-control studies (OR or RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.19; I2=60.6%; n=13) but increased in cohort studies (OR or RR, 1.14; 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.35; I2=0.0%; n=4). Conclusion: The current meta-analysis of observational epidemiological studies found that that overall, there was no significant association between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer. However, given that cohort studies give us a higher level of evidence than case-control studies, further prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm the association between them.
Angina pectoris und die Bedeutung der koronaren Mikrozirkulation in der Praxis
Authors: Stehli Julia , Candreva Alessandro , Stähli Barbara E.
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung. Die koronare Mikrozirkulationsstörung weist insbesondere bei Frauen ab dem fünfzigsten Lebensjahr eine hohe Prävalenz auf und führt sowohl zu pektanginösen Symptomen wie auch zu einer erhöhten Rate kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse. Durch die auch heutzutage noch bestehende Unterdiagnostizierung haben viele Patientinnen und Patienten einen langen Leidensweg hinter sich. Mit einer invasiven Koronarangiografie, die sowohl eine Messung der koronaren Flussreserve wie auch eine Acetylcholin-Provokationstestung beinhaltet, kann die Diagnose einer koronaren Mikrozirkulationsstörung gestellt werden. Dies ist einerseits für das Wohl der Patientinnen und Patienten wichtig, ermöglicht andererseits aber auch eine gezielte Therapie. Diese besteht aus Lebensstilveränderungen, einer optimalen Kontrolle kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren sowie spezifischen anti-anginösen Medikamenten. Die aktuelle Forschung versucht, pathophysiologische Mechanismen besser zu verstehen und verbesserte oder alternative diagnostische Verfahren und neue Therapiekonzepte zu entwickeln.
Machine Learning Developments and Applications in Solid‐Earth Geosciences: Fad or Future?
Authors: Li Yunyue Elita , O’Malley Daniel , Beroza Greg , Curtis Andrew , Johnson Paul
Published: January 2023

After decades of low but continuing activity, applications of machine learning (ML) in solid Earth geoscience have exploded in popularity. This special collection provides a snapshot of those applications, which range from data processing to inversion and interpretation, for which ML appears particularly well suited. Inevitably, there are variations in the degree to which these methods have been developed. We hope that the progress seen in some areas will inspire efforts in others. Challenges remain, including the formidable task of how geoscience can keep pace with developments in ML while ensuring the scientific rigor that our field depends on, but with improvements in sensor technology and accelerating rates of data accumulation, the methods of ML seem poised to play an important role for the foreseeable future.
Signaling pathways in brain tumors and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Li Shenglan , Wang Can , Chen Jinyi , Lan Yanjie , Zhang Weichunbai , Kang Zhuang , Zheng Yi , Zhang Rong , Yu Jianyu , Li Wenbin
Published: January 2023

Brain tumors, although rare, contribute to distinct mortality and morbidity at all ages. Although there are few therapeutic options for brain tumors, enhanced biological understanding and unexampled innovations in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have considerably improved patients’ prognoses. Nonetheless, the reduced response rates and unavoidable drug resistance of currently available treatment approaches have become a barrier to further improvement in brain tumor (glioma, meningioma, CNS germ cell tumors, and CNS lymphoma) treatment. Previous literature data revealed that several different signaling pathways are dysregulated in brain tumor. Importantly, a better understanding of targeting signaling pathways that influences malignant behavior of brain tumor cells might open the way for the development of novel targeted therapies. Thus, there is an urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of these brain tumors, which might result in greater progress in therapeutic approaches. This paper began with a brief description of the epidemiology, incidence, risk factors, as well as survival of brain tumors. Next, the major signaling pathways underlying these brain tumors’ pathogenesis and current progress in therapies, including clinical trials, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and system therapies, have been systemically reviewed and discussed. Finally, future perspective and challenges of development of novel therapeutic strategies in brain tumor were emphasized.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals changes in glioma-associated macrophage polarization and cellular states of malignant gliomas with high AQP4 expression
Authors: Wang Ran , Peng Lu , Xiao Yong , Zhou Qi , Wang Zhen , Tang Lei , Xiao Hong , Yang Kun , Liu Hongyi , Li Li
Published: January 2023

Glioma is the most common primary central nervous system tumor in adults. Aquaporin-4, as a water channel protein encoded by AQP4 in the brain, is reported to alter its aggregation status to affect plasma membrane dynamics and provide the potential for metastasis of tumor cells and components of the tumor microenvironment. We performed single-cell RNA transcriptome sequencing of 53059 cells from 13 malignant glioma samples and spotted that the expression of AQP4 differed between samples. The same result was observed in the TCGA glioma database, showing poor overall survival and poor response to chemotherapy in AQP4 overexpressed populations. Concomitant with the overexpression of AQP4, genes related to the immune system were also over-expressed, such as CD74, HES1, CALD1, and HEBP2, indicating AQP4 may relate to immune factors of tumor progression. We also found that tumor-associated macrophages tended to polarize toward M2 macrophages in the high AQP4 group. In glioblastoma samples, we examined cell status differences and identified that cell status differs according to AQP4 expression levels. Briefly, our study revealed substantial heterogeneity within malignant gliomas with different AQP4 expression levels, indicating the intricate connection between tumor cells and the tumor immune environment.
TRAF6 regulates the abundance of RIPK1 and inhibits the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL necroptosis signaling pathway and affects the progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Lin Penghang , Lin Chunlin , He Ruofan , Chen Hui , Teng Zuhong , Yao Hengxin , Liu Songyi , Hoffman Robert M. , Ye Jianxin , Zhu Guangwei
Published: January 2023

Colorectal cancer cannot be completely cured at present, and it is still an important clinical medical problem. TRAF6 is highly expressed in many malignant tumors. However, the role of TRAF6 in colorectal cancer is still controversial, mainly because the specific regulatory mechanism of colorectal cancer is still unclear, and the death mode of colorectal cancer cells has not been elucidated. The recent study found that TRAF6 inhibits necroptosis in colorectal cancer cells via the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway. The RIPK1 inhibitor Necrostain-1 inhibits colorectal cancer cell necroptosis via the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway. TRAF6 directly interacts with RIPK1 through the polyubiquitination of Lys48-linked RIPK1 and reduces the levels of RIPK1 protein in colorectal cancer cells, leading to necroptosis, thus promoting the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. The recent study demonstrated that TRAF6 promotes colorectal cell progression by inhibiting the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL necroptosis signaling pathway, which may provide a new therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
Participant perspective on the recall-by-genotype research approach: a mixed-method embedded study with participants of the CHRIS study
Authors: Biasiotto Roberta , Kösters Maria , Tschigg Katharina , Pramstaller Peter P. , Brüggemann Norbert , Borsche Max , Klein Christine , Hicks Andrew A. , Mascalzoni Deborah
Published: January 2023

Recall-by-genotype (RbG) research recruits participants previously involved in genetic research based on their genotype. RbG enables the further study of a particular variant of interest, but in recalling participants, it risks disclosing potentially unwanted or distressing genetic information. Any RbG strategy must therefore be done in a manner that addresses the potential ethical and social issues. As part of an RbG pilot on the penetrance of Parkinson’s disease variants, we conducted an empirical mixed-method study with 51 participants of the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study to understand participant views on RbG research approach. Participants were disclosed the disease under investigation but not the individual variant carrier status. Results showed that participants filtered the information received through personal experience and enacted mechanisms to address the concerns raised by invitation by resorting to personal resources and the support provided by experts. While the non-disclosure of the Parkin variant carrier status was deemed acceptable, disclosing the disease under study was important for participants. Participant preferences for disclosure of the disease under investigation and the carrier status varied according to how the knowledge of individual carrier status was perceived to impact the participant’s life. This study provided insights into participant response to the RbG research approach, which are relevant for RbG policy development. A suitable communication strategy and granular options addressing preferences for invitation in the original informed consent are critical for an ethically informed RbG policy.
Status of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and home blood pressure monitoring for the diagnosis and management of hypertension in the US: an up-to-date review
Authors: Cepeda Maria , Pham Patrick , Shimbo Daichi
Published: January 2023

The diagnosis and management of hypertension has been based on the measurement of blood pressure (BP) in the office setting. However, data have demonstrated that BP may substantially differ when measured in the office than when measured outside the office setting. Higher out-of-office BP is associated with increased cardiovascular risk independent of office BP. Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and home BP monitoring (HBPM) are validated approaches for out-of-office BP measurement. In the 2015 and 2021 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) reports on screening for hypertension, ABPM was recommended as the reference standard for out-of-office BP monitoring and for confirming an initial diagnosis of hypertension. This recommendation was based on data from more published studies of ABPM vs. HBPM on the predictive value of out-of-office BP independent of office BP. Therefore, HBPM was recommended as an alternative approach when ABPM was not available or well tolerated. The 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) BP guideline recommended ABPM as the preferred initial approach for detecting white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension among adults not taking antihypertensive medication. In contrast, HBPM was recommended as the preferred initial approach for detecting the white-coat effect and masked uncontrolled hypertension among adults taking antihypertensive medication. The current review provides an overview of ABPM and HBPM in the US, including best practices, BP thresholds that should be used for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, barriers to widespread use of such monitoring, US guideline recommendations for ABPM and HBPM, and data supporting HBPM over ABPM.