bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marcas de expressão e repressão: Reflexões sobre a homossexualidade na terceira idade
Authors: Silva Byanca Eugênia Duarte , Gadelha Maria José Nunes , Morais Maria Mabel Nunes de , Carvalho Raiany Augusto , Sousa Samara Pereira de , Cabral Symara Abrantes Albuquerque de Oliveira
Published: October 2018

Sabe-se que a homossexualidade existe desde os primórdios, sendo vivenciada de forma livre. Entretanto, a sociedade atual é composta subjetivamente de muito preconceito, considerando a homossexualidade, uma afronta às normas sociais. Quando a homossexualidade atrela-se ao idoso, o tabu e discriminação intensificam-se, principalmente devido ao julgamento social de que pessoas idosas não sentem atratividade ou não são mais aptas a praticar o sexo. Assim, torna-se importante analisar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos idosos que são homossexuais, problemática essa que gera muita polêmica, preconceito e estereótipos. A homossexualidade no idoso é um assunto pouco estudado, partindo do pressuposto da escassez de referenciais bibliográficos. Portanto, faz-se necessário a realização de mais pesquisas e estratégias, no intuito de ampliar o grau de conhecimento em relação ao tema. Nesse sentido, este estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir de artigos científicos, na expectativa de tentar entender o surgimento dessa problemática, como também, tentar encontrar as explicações relacionadas ao estigma da sexualidade no idoso, tendo em vista, que esta era vista de forma natural na antiguidade. Os resultados confirmaram a existência de um tabu em relação à homossexualidade na terceira idade agregado a dois fatores: a homossexualidade e o envelhecimento. Dois temas carregados de preconceitos advindos de uma sociedade heterossexista. Brand expression and repression: Reflections on homosexuality in old age Abstract: It is known that homosexuality has existed since the early days, and lived freely. However, today's society is made up of a lot of prejudice subjectively considering homosexuality an affront to social norms. When homosexuality harnesses to the elderly, the taboo and discrimination intensify if, mainly due to social judgment that older people do not feel attractive or are no longer able to have sex. Thus, it becomes important to analyze the difficulties faced by older people who are homosexual, this issue that generates much controversy, prejudice and stereotypes. Homosexuality in the elderly is a subject little studied, assuming the lack of bibliographical references. Therefore, it is necessary to further research and strategies in order to increase the level of knowledge on the subject. In this sense, this study it is a bibliographic research, from scientific papers, hoping to try to understand the emergence of this problem, but also try to find the explanations regarding the sexuality of stigma in the elderly, given that this it was seen naturally in antiquity. The results confirmed the existence of a taboo about homosexuality in old age added to two factors: homosexuality and aging. Two themes loaded with prejudices arising from a heterosexist society.
Perspectiva de profissionais de saúde de unidade básica sobre a política nacional de promoção da saúde
Authors: Euclides Kelly Lopes Calderaro , Nascimento Liliane Silva do
Published: October 2018

A promoção de saúde prevê o envolvimento de todos os atores do fazer e ser saúde, de modo a serem protagonistas e partícipes ativos de sua concretização e continuidade no cuidado. A promoção em saúde traz novo olhar que envolve aspectos políticos, sociais, éticos, culturais, espirituais para garantir a saúde de forma universal, equível e integral. A eficaz e eficiente implementação de sua política na atenção primária incide em mudanças de conduta no tratamento dos usuários, através de ações que tendem a alcançar a saúde completa do indivíduo, considerando os determinantes de saúde que compõem este universo. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar quanto a Política Nacional de Promoção de Saúde (PNaPs) é conhecida por profissionais de saúde, bem como compreender o processo de sua implementação. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa realizada em unidade básica de saúde no município de Benevides/Pará, através de análises de conteúdo de entrevistas aos profissionais da unidade. Percebe-se que a implementação da política ocorre de maneira difusa e descentralizada pelos protagonistas e partícipes de execução da mesma. Onde, a identificação do conhecimento acerca da PnaPs está correlacionada ao bom processo de trabalho da equipe na lógica da promoção em saúde destarte a estrutura assistencial. Entende-se que o refazimento de conduta profissional, tomada de decisão gestora alinhada democratização do saber e a capilarização da PnaPs ainda esbarram em muitos desafios a serem superados por todos trabalhadores e fazedores do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Relación entre la lactancia materna exclusiva los primeros seis meses de vida y el desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina en niños y adolescentes de Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Serrano Norma Cecilia , Robles Silva Adriana , Suárez Diana Paola , Gamboa-Delgado Edna Magaly , Quintero-Lesmes Doris Cristina
Published: October 2018

Introducción: la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) es un factor protector contra el desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina (RI) como causa del síndrome metabólico.Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la LME los  primeros seis meses de vida y el desarrollo de RI, mediante los índicesHomeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) y Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI).Material y métodos: estudio de cohorte de tipo poblacional; se incluyeron 494 participantes adolescentes, de los cuales se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y factores cardiometabólicos mediante los índices HOMA-IR y QUICKI para determinar el grado de asociación entre la LME y el desarrollo de RI. Los resultados fueron expresados en medianas.Resultados: la prevalencia de LME fue del 42%. Los resultados sugieren un efecto protector de la LME sobre la resistencia a la insulina, de tal manera que por cada mes más de duración de LME, disminuye en 0,32 (p = 0,005) el índice HOMA-IR y aumenta en 0,70 (p = 0,008) el índice QUICKI. Para la circunferencia de cintura, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el índice-cintura talla (ICT) esta relación no fue significativa.Conclusión: los análisis bivariados y multivariados, indican una relación epidemiológicamente significativa que demuestra un efecto protector de la Lactancia Materna Exclusiva sobre el índice HOMA-IR y el QUICKI.
Competitive Running After Total Hip Arthroplasty: The World’s Fastest Total Hip
Authors: Christensen David D. , Nelms Nathaniel J.
Published: October 2018

Case:

We report the case of a young man who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteonecrosis at the age of 20 years, and subsequently competed in collegiate long-distance running. The pinnacle of his career was setting the school record time of 3:47.64 (min:sec) in the 1,500-m “metric mile” run (equivalent to 4:05.09 for the “English” mile). This is the fastest known time for any patient who has undergone THA. Excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes had been maintained at 6 years postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Patients who undergo arthroplasty procedures may be capable of remarkable physical accomplishments, but pursuing such feats is not advised.
Risk Factors for Injuries in Competitive Irish Dancers Enrolled in Dance Schools in Calgary, Canada
Authors: Eustergerling Mercedes , Emery Carolyn
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES: Irish dancing has become a popular activity following international exposure to touring dance companies. Previous studies have reported high injury incidence rates in dancers. The objective of this study was to examine risk factors for injuries in competitive Irish dancers
in Calgary, Canada. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. Competitive dancers over 12 years of age in Calgary, Canada, were eligible to participate. METHODS: A pen-and-paper survey was administered to gather information on demographics, risk factors for injury, and injuries in the past
year. Potential risk factors included age, competitive level, participation in other physical activities, years of participation in Irish dance, and performing a warm-up or cool-down. Incidence proportions (IP) and odds ratios (OR) were estimated. RESULTS: Three of the five accredited dance
schools in Calgary participated and a total of 36 questionnaires were completed. Twenty-six dancers (IP = 72.2%; 95% CI 54.8–85.8%) reported at least one Irish dance-related injury in the past year. There were 60 injuries reported and the majority (57%) were foot or ankle injuries. Elite
level dancers (OR=6.33; CI 1.27–31.57) and dancers over 18 years of age (OR=24.43; CI 2.60–229.56) were at greater risk of injury in the past year than non-elite and younger dancers. CONCLUSIONS: Elite dancers and dancers over 18 years of age are at the greatest risk of injury
in Irish dance in Calgary, Canada.
Musician’s Dystonia is Highly Task Specific: No Strong Evidence for Everyday Fine Motor Deficits in Patients
Authors: Hofmann Aurélie , Grossbach Michael , Baur Volker , Hermsdörfer Joachim , Altenmüller Eckart
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES: 1) To examine the fine motor skills used everyday by patients suffering from musician’s dystonia (MD) in the upper limb in order to verify whether MD is task-specific; and 2) to compare the affected and non-affected hands of MD musicians vs healthy musicians in performance
of these tasks in order to clarify whether dystonic symptoms can be found in the non-affected side of MD patients. BACKGROUND: MD is typically considered to be focal and task specific, but patients often report impairment in everyday life activities. Furthermore, in the course of MD, about
15% of patients complain of dystonic symptoms in other parts of the body. METHODS: Twenty-seven musicians affected by MD and 27 healthy musicians were studied using 1) the Motor Performance Test Series, 2) a kinematic analysis of handwriting, and 3) an assessment of the grip force regulation
while lifting and moving a manipulandum. RESULTS: Patients performed most fine motor tasks without any evidence of a deficit. Exclusively in the handwriting tasks (2), they exhibited fewer frequencies of the written trace and a prolonged overall writing time. CONCLUSION: MD is highly task
specific and does not strongly affect other motor skills. The subtle deficits in handwriting may be explained as a consequence of a general psychological disposition rather than as compensatory mechanisms to avoid the appearance of dystonic symptoms. Furthermore, we did not find signs of multifocal
motor deficits in the unaffected hands of MD patients.
Avulsion Fracture and Myositis Ossificans in a Professional Teenage Dancer: A Case Report
Authors: Tosun Ozgur , Koralp Muhabbet D , Tosun Aliye , Celebi Levent , Bulakbaşi Nail
Published: October 2018

Fractures of the transverse processes in the lumbar vertebrae occur as the result of major forces such as direct blunt trauma, violent lateral flexion-extension forces, avulsion of the psoas muscle, or Malgaigne fractures of the pelvis. Dancers make repeated and forceful hyperextension
and flexions of the spine, which may cause fractures of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. Repeated trauma of muscles in dancers may cause avulsion fractures and myositis ossificans. Herein, we report MRI and CT findings of an avulsion from the right transverse process of the
L2 and L3 vertebrae in a 16-year-old professional teenage dancer, who responded to conservative treatment.
The Gap Between Research and Pedagogy: Continuing the Discussion
Authors: Krasnow Donna
Published: October 2018

In June 2013, Dr. Ralph Manchester wrote an editorial for Medical Problems of Performing Artists examining the following question presented to him in a letter to the editor: Why haven’t we used the scientific method to determine optimal piano technique? The article in this month’s
issue entitled “Exploring active and passive contributors to turnout in dancers and non-dancers” by Sutton-Traina et al. examines various possible contributors to turnout in dancers, and which factors may be the greatest predictors of the dancer’s standing turnout. What stands
out within the reported data is the recognition that professional dancers as a whole do not approach the 180° of turnout that continues to be the icon of the ideal classical dancer. And so I pose the question: Why haven’t we used the scientific method to determine optimal dance technique?
STUDY OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN REAL AND EFFECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS TO PROVIDE CORRECT DATA ON TEMPERATURE FIELD CALCULATIONS AND COMPUTER SIMULATIONS DURING HARDENING OF STEEL
Authors: Kobasko Nikolai
Published: October 2018

The paper analyses contemporary methods and probes for testing liquid media used as a quenchant in heat treating industry. It is shown that lumped-heat-capacity method, often used for testing liquid media, produces big errors during transient nucleate boiling processes due to incorrect calculation condition caused by use effective heat transfer coefficient (HTC). The effective heat transfer coefficients (HTCs), utilized for this purpose, are almost seven times less as compared with real HTCs that results in incorrect calculation the value of Bi. Instead of lumped-heat -capacity method, a general cooling rate equation is proposed for HTC calculation. It is underlined that effective HTCs can be used only for approximate core cooling rate and core cooling time of steel parts calculations. For investigation cooling capacity of liquid quenchants, including initial heat flux densities, HTCs and critical heat flux densities, high developed technique of solving inverse problem should be used based on accurate experimental data generated by testing liquid media with the Liscic/Petrofer probe or other similar technique.
METHOD OF DETERMINING WEIGHTS OF TEMPORAL RULES IN MARKOV LOGIC NETWORK FOR BUILDING KNOWLEDGE BASE IN INFORMATION CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: Levykin Viktor , Chala Oksana
Published: October 2018

The problem of constructing and expanding the temporal knowledge base for the information-control system is considered. This knowledge base is formally represented by the Markov logic network. It is shown that the behavior of the control object of a given class can be reflected in the form of a set of weighted temporal rules. These rules are formed on the basis of identifying links between events that reflect known variants of the behavior of the control object. A method is proposed for calculating the weights of temporal rules in a Markov logic network for a given level of detail of the control object. The level of detail is determined by the context for executing the sequences of control actions and for weighted temporal rules is specified by selecting subsets of the event attributes. The method includes such basic phases: preparation of a subset of temporal rules for a given level of detail; finding the weights of the rules taking into account the a priori probabilities of the event traces. The method creates conditions for supporting management decisions in information management systems at various levels of detail of complex management objects. Decision support is provided by predicting the probability of success in executing a sequence of actions that implement the management function in the current situation. These probabilities are determined using the weights of the temporal rules.
El camino a la libertad. Eugen Fink y el principio de la fenomenología
Authors: Giubilato Giovanni Jan
Published: October 2018

Este artículo pretende mostrar cómo la íntima conexión entre fenomenología y libertad constituye el centro del pensamiento de Eugen Fink, quizás el discípulo de Husserl menos conocido, pero que colaboró con el «maestro de la intuición eidética» en los últimos once años de la vida de este. Una parte medular de la concepción de la libertad en Fink estriba en la radicalización de la reducción trascendental, así como en la idea de un transcensus del mundo como ascensión liberadora hacia un principio absoluto. Recuperar nuestra libertad en la filosofía significa para Fink liberarse del mundo con el objetivo de reencontrar su fuente autónoma: la subjetividad trascendental y sus operaciones constituyentes de sentido. Este movimiento de ascenso y de liberación depende esencialmente del papel que desempeñan la reducción y la epojé fenomenológicas, que posibilitan una transición desde la parcialidad ingenua y cohibida de la actitud natural hacia la imparcialidad libre de la actitud fenomenológica. En este sentido, las siguientes reflexiones pretenden servir como prolegómenos para una teoría más amplia de la reducción en tanto liberación, y para una fenomenología como filosofía de la libertad.
Reseña Zafrani, Avishag. Le défi du nihilisme
Authors: Pineda Canabal Aníbal
Published: October 2018

Reseña Zafrani, Avishag. Le défi du nihilisme, Ernst Bloch et Hans Jonas. París: Hermann, 2014
La novedad del concepto de actualidad para el problema de la presencia real de Cristo en la Eucaristía. Un aporte desde la noología de Xavier Zubiri
Authors: Colomer E. Eugenia
Published: October 2018

La teología sacramental ha realizado su reflexión respecto de la presencia real de Cristo en la Eucaristía y la razón formal de ella desde una metafísica de la sustancia. En el presente artículo se presenta, desde la filosofía zubiriana, otra posibilidad conceptual para la reflexión teológica de la Eucaristía. Nuevos conceptos direccionales que apunten en mejor dirección, por una parte, a precisar el punto radical de lo misterioso del misterio y, por otra, la razón formal de la Eucaristía, cual es la co-corporeidad con Cristo, abarcando las dimensiones individual, social e histórica. Xavier Zubiri trató de manera explícita el tema de la Eucaristía en textos de diversa data y en ellos se muestra cómo el concepto de actualidad va ganando terreno y los alcances que este tiene respecto de la razón formal de la Eucaristía: configurar un solo cuerpo, una sola actualidad.
La experiencia de Dios en personas que viven con vih/Sida
Authors: Mafla Terán Nelson , González Bernal Edith
Published: October 2018

Este texto presenta la interpretación de la experiencia de Dios que tiene un grupo de portadores de vih-sida. La pregunta que orientó la indagación fue ¿cómo configuran, una experiencia de Dios, las personas que viven con vih-sida? Cabe aclarar que las personas que aportaron sus experiencias son en su mayoría homosexuales, esta cuestión por sí misma constituye un planteamiento vigente para la teología moral. En este escrito se profundiza en las categorías corporeidad, sexualidad y homosexualidad, como categorías relevantes para enfrentar la vida e interpretar la experiencia de Dios. El método que posibilitó esta indagación fue la Investigación Acción Participativa-iap, en la que investigadores e investigados leyeron su experiencia en medio de la adversidad y encontraron la presencia de un Dios que se manifiesta misericordioso y ajeno a prejuicios humanos.
Reseña León Florido, Francisco y Rodamilans Ramos, Fernando. El problema de la resurrección y la vida futura en el siglo xiv
Authors: Bonilla Morales Jaime Laurence
Published: October 2018

Reseña León Florido, Francisco y Rodamilans Ramos, Fernando. El problema de la resurrección y la vida futura en el siglo xiv. Madrid: Sindéresis, 2016.
Kajian Kriteria Hisab Global Turki dan Usulan Kriteria Baru MABIMS dengan Menggunakan Algoritma Jean Meeus
Authors: Nursodik Nursodik
Published: October 2018

In Indonesia, the issue of the beginning of the month always invites polemic differences in the beginning of the month. Especially those related to fasting, Idul Fitri, and Arafah days. Because, many criteria for determining the beginning of the month. And have the disagreement to unite the calendar in an integrated way. This paper examines global criteria Turkey 2016 and has compared them with the New-MABIMS criteria that use astronomical algorithms Jean Meeus. How suitability of both criteria and Implementation to serve as an integrated Islamic calendar reference. The problems were discussed trough comparative study by testing some parameters on cities in the world. In this paper was presented that frequency of conformity values within 100 years in the New-MABIMS criteria is better than Turkey criteria to be made Unified Islamic calendars references. As for Turkey criteria, there are many cases, if implemented in Indonesia.

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Di Indonesia, persoalan penentuan awal bulan selalu mengundang polemik perbedaan dalam mengawali bulan. Khususnya yang berhubungan penentuan awal puasa, hari raya, dan hari arafah. Salah satu penyebabnya karena banyaknya kriteria penentuan awal bulan dan tidak adanya kesepakatan untuk menyatukan kalender secara terpadu. Artikel ini dimaksud untuk mengkaji kriteria hisab global dan perbandingannya dengan usulan Kriteria Baru MABIMS (KBM) dengan menggunakan algoritma Jean Meeus. Bagaimana kesesuaian kedua kriteria tersebut dan implementasi kedua teori tersebut untuk dijadikan sebagai rujukan kalender Islam terpadu. Permasalahan tersebut dibahas melalui studi komparatif dengan menguji beberapa parameter pada beberapa kota di dunia. Dalam artikel ini menunjukkan frekuensi nilai kesesuaian Kriteria Baru MABIMS selama 100 tahun memiliki potensi lebih baik untuk dijadikan rujukan kalender Islam Terpadu. Adapun untuk kriteria hisab global Turki terdapat banyak kasus jika di­implementasikan di Indonesia.
Investigation of Stress Level Among Dentistry Students, General Dentists, and Pediatric Dental Specialists During Performing Pediatric Dentistry in Kerman, Iran, in 2017
Authors: Farokh-Gisour Elham , Hatamvand Marjan
Published: October 2018

Background & Aim:

Dentists are exposed to stress and tension as they have a close contact with the patients. The increase in stress may affect the dentists’ performance and can be a major threat to the physical and mental health of the patients. Pediatric dentistry requires experience, without which the amateur dentists and students feel lack of self-confidence, and consequently be unable to deal with problematic patients. There is no study investigating stress during pediatric dentistry among the dentistry students as well as general and pediatric dentists in Iran. Regarding the importance ofthis subject, we aimed to evaluate the stress level among the aforementioned three dental service providers during pediatric dentistry.

Materials & Methods:

This study was conducted on 300 dentistry students, general dentists, and pediatric dental specialists in Kerman, Iran. The data were collected using a questionnaire entailing demographic information and therapeutic practices of pediatric dentistry. After checking the participant’s comments, the data were analyzed usingSPSSversion 16 (IBM, Texas, USA).

Results:

According to the results, the mean age of the participants was 28±5 years. Out of the 300 participants, 113 (37.7%) and 178 (59.3%) cases were male and female, respectively, and 9 (3%) participants did not fill out this part. Furthermore, 108 (36%), 173 (57.7%), 6 (2%), and 10 (3.3%) subjects were general students, general dentists, residents, and pediatric residents, respectively. Anesthesia injection in the mandible for an anxious child and amalgam restoration in the mandible led to the highest and lowest stress levels in the participants, respectively. Furthermore, the mean stress levels were significantly different between the practices performed in the maxilla and mandible (P<0.001). In addition, the females showed a significantly higher level of stress, compared to the males (P<0.001). The specialists had significantly lower stress than the dentistry students and general dentists (P<0.001).

Conclusion:

As the findings indicated, anesthetic injection to a nervous infant was the most stressful practice in pediatric dentistry. The results also showed that the pediatric dental specialists had lower stress level, compared to the students and general dentists.
Variation in the Dispersions of Powder Liquid Ratios in Hand-Mix Glass Ionomers
Authors: Mulder Riaan
Published: October 2018

Background:

The Powder/Liquid Ratio (PLR) influence, and the literature regarding the handling and physical properties of Glass Ionomer restorative materials (GIC) were investigated.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to compare the PLR variability and magnitude in hand-mix GICs, as dispensed for clinical use. From the recorded individual powder and liquid weights, additional comparisons could be made by pairing the various “extreme” outer observations in relation to the manufacturer’s PLR.

Study Design:

The materials assessed were Ketac Universal Hand-mix (KUH), Riva Self Cure Hand-mix (RSCH) and Fuji IX GP Hand-mix (FIXH). Twenty scoops of powder were paired with twenty drops of liquid, as would be the case in the clinical scenario. Statistical analysis was completed with the Kruskal Wallis H test, Intraclass Correlation (ICC) and straight line regressions with One-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey HSD Test (p<0.05 was considered significant).

Results:

The powder and liquid observations indicate a lack of consistency in both the powder and liquid dispersions. The volume remained “one drop” but the weights were much lower than the manufacturer’s recommended drop weight for some observations, due to air in the liquid drop. The Kruskal-Wallis H test indicated significant differences (p=0.0001) between the three materials for the paired PLRs. The One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD Test were used to compare the recommended PLR to the results and the significant differences (p<0.01).

Conclusion:

The recommended manufacturers’ powder and liquid weights were KUH 0.150/0.05g; RSC 0.165/0.035; FIXH 0.18/0.05, respectively. KUH, FIXH and RSCH liquid had powder and liquid dispersions above the manufacturer’s recommendations. FIXH had the most paired PLR observations within the ±10% range followed by KUH. Extreme powder and liquid combinations could occur in the clinical scenario and these combinations were considered.
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Prevalence and Risk Factors Among 7-9 Years Old School Children in Muradnagar, Ghaziabad
Authors: Rai Archana , Singh Avnish , Menon Ipseeta , Singh Jyoti , Rai Vineet , Aswal Gunjan Singh
Published: October 2018

Background:

The aim of this school-based, cross-sectional survey was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of permanent Molar Incisor Hypomineralization among 7-9 years old school children in Muradnagar.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed among 7-9 years old school children in Muradnagar. Estimated sample size was 992 in this study. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used in this study in which schools were the clusters which were selected randomly. The study proforma was divided into 2 parts, first part comprised of demographic status, socio-economic status, questionnaires on risk factors of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation such as prenatal, perinatal and postnal history upto 3 years, feeding pattern, fluoride and other pollutants exposure history, dental history, history of trauma to teeth/face, family history of enamel defects which was asked to the mothers and filled by one examiner in a face to face interview. The second part comprised of recording format of clinical variables assessed by investigator to be recorded by the recording clerk. Molar incisor hypomineralisation were recorded using Modified Developmental Defect of Enamel index developed by Clarkson J.J. and O’ Mullane D.M. in 1989 and dental caries by using Decayed Missing Filled Tooth index (World Health Organization Modification 1997) in which WHO probe was used for examination of dental caries as recommended by WHO in the Oral Health Surveys, Fourth edition; 1997 (Spanish version). Before 1997 modification dental explorer was used for the examination of dental caries. Chi square test, Pearson’s Correlation test, Logistic Regression Analysis and Unpaired t-test were used for analysing the data.

Results:

The overall prevalence rate of Molar incisor hypomineralisation was 21.4% in this study. Age, problems during pregnancy, normal delivery and childhood illness/ infections are the risk factors which have highest strength of association.

Conclusion:

In the present study Molar incisor hypomineralisation was found to affect 2 out of every 10 children examined which was higher than that observed in other studies on Indian children.
ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES OF RURAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS OF MYSURU DISTRICT TOWARD ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING
Authors: M S Srikanth , R Adepu
Published: October 2018

Objective: A prospective interventional study was conducted to evaluate the impact of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP)(of rural community pharmacists toward adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting.Methods: A validated KAP questionnaire was administered on the enrolled community pharmacists in the study. SPSS software package version-19 was used to calculate the influence of educational intervention on KAP scores of the participants. Pre-training KAP scores were compared with the post-training KAP scores.Results: About 49 community pharmacists have participated in the study, 95.91% (n=47) were males, and 4.08% (n=2) were females. The mean±SD age of the participants was 40.93±7.84 years. The mean ± SD score in the knowledge component was significantly increased from 4.87±2.015 to 7.09 ± 0.68 (n=49, p<0.05). After the educational intervention, 77.55% (n=38) of participants could correctly define the ADRs, and 73.46% (n=36) of participants were aware of the consequence of ADRs. About 57.34% of participants disagree with the statement reporting of ADRs incurs the addtional workload with post education intervention. At the end of the study, the participants’ knowledge was significantly increased and participant pharmacists felt responsible toward ADR reporting.Conclusion: Educational interventional program have shown a tremendous change in knowledge and awareness of the respondents towards adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting. It is well understood that there is a need for promoting the pharmacovigilance activities among community pharmacists.
HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS OF BLEPHARIS MADERASPATENSIS (L.) HEYNE EX ROTH
Authors: S Vijayalakshmi , Kg Kripa
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to execute systematic heavy metal assessment of the plant to ensure its safe usage in herbal medicine or as nutraceuticals. Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.)Heyne ex Roth commonly called as Nethiramooli in Tamil is a widely distributed medicinal herb with a long history of traditional usage in the treatment of many ailments.Method: The plant material was collected from Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India, duly authenticated and heavy metal content investigated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.Results: Results indicated that the toxic metal, mercury was not detectable even in traces; other metals such as cadmium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, and lead were found at very low quantities while trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper, and cobalt in fairly significant concentrations.Conclusions: These results thus substantiate the safe usage of this plant and may be used to set new standards for prescribing the dosage of the herbal drugs prepared from it, ensuring a better understanding of the risks associated with its usage.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LORNOXICAM MICROSPONGES USING EUDRAGIT RS 100 AND EUDRAGIT RSPO
Authors: Thireesha Bannaravuri , Prasad Ayya Rajendra , Peter P L Haroled
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of the present study was preparation and evaluation of lornoxicam microsponges to prolong their drug release up to 12 h for effective osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute lumbar-sciatica therapy.Methods: Lornoxicam microsponges were prepared by the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique using different concentrations of polymers such as Eudragit RS 100 and Eudragit RSPO in ethanol and dichloromethane organic solvent mixture. Microsponges were evaluated for their particle size, percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in vitro drug release studies.Results: The percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, average particle size, and in vitro drug release for optimized formulation F12 were found to be 70.23% w/w, 81.34% w/w, 172.72 μm, and 96.64% up to 8 h, respectively. From SEM, it was observed that microsponges were found to be spherical in shape with rough surface texture. The formulation F12 shows zero-order release kinetics with an r2 value of 0.961 and the value of Korsmeyer–Peppas model was found to be 0.792; it follows super case II non-Fickian diffusion. The in vitro drug release studies showed that formulations comprised varying concentrations of Eudragit RSPO in higher proportion exhibited much-retarded drug release as compared to formulations comprised a higher proportion of varying concentrations of Eudragit RS 100.Conclusion: Among all the formulations F12 shows better results, which are released more than 80% of the drug release within 8 h; hence, it is optimized. These developed microsponges are releasing the drug for a longer period, which will be effective for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute lumbar sciatica therapy.
DESIGNING OF COUMARIN DERIVATIVES AS SQUALENE SYNTHASE INHIBITORS
Authors: Mv Firoz , Iyer Vishwanathan Balasubramanya , Gupta N Vishal , Dv Gowda , Bm Gurupadayya , Kp Ajmal , Sivadasu Praveen
Published: October 2018

Objective: The importance of this research work is to design a library of novel coumarin derivatives by docking evaluation of the designed coumarin derivatives as squalene synthase inhibitor.Methods: The three-dimensional structure of designed molecules of squalene synthase inhibitors was collected from Protein Data Bank. The designed molecules were docked onto the enzymes that are squalene synthase inhibitor - 3WCM, 3WCJ, and 3Q2Z protein using SYBYL-X 2.1. Using a standard protocol, the protein was subjected to minimization and protomol generation.Results: By this method, we visualized the possible binding and also estimated the protein interactions with our intended coumarin library, using SYBYL-X 2.1 software. Into the active site of the selected enzymes, all the 20 coumarins were docked and then the docking scores revealed that the compounds possess high affinity toward the selected enzymes.Conclusion: With the help of virtual evaluation, we have elaborated a fast synthetically accessible coumarin-based compounds, and it is an advanced and original scaffold in the area of probable human squalene synthase inhibitors. Some of the developed compounds show better binding property than ligand, and in 3q2Z, the compound 5d shows better binding property than the protein. Furthermore, 6g and 6c have good binding property. In 3 WCM, the compound 6f has better property. In 3 WCJ, the compounds 6g and 6f show better binding property than the protein.
ACRYLAMIDE: A POSSIBLE RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIAC HEALTH
Authors: Singh Taranbir , Kushwah Ajay Singh
Published: October 2018

Acrylamide (ACR) is an important industrial chemical agent also a food contaminant formed when food rich in carbohydrates is processed at high temperatures (120°C) such as cooking, frying, roasting, toasting, and baking. It happens when amino acid asparagine reacts with sugars, especially glucose and fructose as a result of the Maillard reaction. Its potential to cause damage to humans and animals makes it a cause for concern. After its outbreak in 2002, extensive study has been going on to prevent its formation in food. Neurological effects are by far well established for ACR along with systemic toxic effects. Diet contributes to the high proportion of ACR intake on daily basis; other exposure media are occupational, environmental, and smoking. A number of studies justifying ACR cardiotoxicity, its clear mechanism and its relevance to humans are less, but some research papers suggest the possibility of cardiotoxicity or developmental cardiotoxicity. In this review, ACR cardiac toxic effects and mechanism pathway have been discussed along with mitigation strategies.
SYNTHESIS, MOLECULAR DOCKING AND ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL N-4 PIPERIDINYL DERIVATIVES OF SPARFLOXACIN
Authors: Kumar Hemanth K Sudheer , H Parameshwar
Published: October 2018

Objective: The present study envisage a series of sparfloxacin derivatives were synthesized (Q1-Q10) with added derivatives such as aminomethyl benzenesulfenyl, methyl (methylamino)benzenesulfenyl, amino methyl benzoyl chloride, nitromethyl benzoyl chloride, dimethyl phenylamino, methoxymethyl phenylamino, dimethyl oxopyrazol, methyl dioxopyrrolidine, methyl oxopyrrolidine, and N-Boc amino methyl methylpyrrolidine through N-Piperzinyl linkage.Methods: All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared,1H nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis technique, screened for docking stimulation to find out binding modes of synthesized derivatives with 3FV5 and 3IMW, and evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity.Results: From this study, it was found that the compound Q5 showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and compound Q4 showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) in comparison with standard drugs (ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin). The zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations studies performed to synthesized compounds. The correlation between experimental data (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and docking score suggests that penetration for docking simulation is good to mild in reproducing experimental orientation of these synthesized compounds.Conclusion: The analogs of sparfloxacin are suggested to be potent inhibitors with sufficient scope for further exploration.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ESOMEPRAZOLE FAST DISSOLVING BUCCAL FILMS
Authors: T Balakrishna , S Vidyadhara , Tegk Murthy , A Ramu , Rlc Sasidhar
Published: October 2018

Objective: The present study deals with the formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving buccal films for effective treatment option in the gastroesophageal reflux disease.Methods: Esomeprazole fast dissolving buccal films are a convenient formulation of which can be taken with or without water. In the present investigation, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as film-forming agents and polyethylene glycol 400 is taken as plasticizer. Solvent evaporation method was used for the preparation of fast dissolving buccal films.Results: The films were prepared and evaluated for film thickness, folding endurance, dispersion test, drug content, and dissolution. The in vitro dissolution studies were carried out using simulated salivary fluid (pH 6.8 phosphate buffer).Conclusion: Among all the formulations, Formulation E7 was released up to 99.6% of the drug from the film within 5 min of time which exhibits faster absorption and also shows desirable characteristics of the film. The drug-excipient interaction studies WERE carried out by Fourier-transform infrared studies, differential scanning calorimetry analysis-X-diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopic studies and the results revealed that there were no major interactions between the drugs and excipients used for the preparation of films.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CUMIN (CUMINUM CYMINUM L.) SEED EXTRACT ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, TOXICITY, AND HEMATOLOGY ON HYPERLIPIDEMIC RABBITS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Chouhan Harshlata , Purohit Ashok
Published: October 2018

Objective: The present study is related with the assessment of anti-atherosclerotic efficacy of 70% EtOH extract of cumin seed in diet-induced hyperlipidemic rabbits.Methods: Rabbits were rendered hyperlipidemic by oral administration of cholesterol for 15 days. Then, the animals were treated with 70% EtOH (ethanolic extract) of cumin seed extract for 45 days (Group III). Another set of animals was treated with atorvastatin, the standard drug for 45 days. At the end of experimental period, the serum biochemical, hematological, and histological analysis of thoracic aorta was done.Results: The cumin seed extract showed contain hypolipidemic effect by reducing plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides level. While toxicological studies suggest no adverse effect on renal and liver function tests, hematological parameters were also observed in a normal range. Histological analysis showed that cholesterol administration caused a narrowing of the aortal lumen while treatment with 70% EtOH and atorvastatin decreased the plaque size and restored the luminal size of the aorta to normal.Conclusion: The present study suggests that commonly used culinary spice cumin seed possesses hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effect with a positive effect on serum biochemistry, histology, and hematology.
STABILITY-INDICATING METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CABOZANTINIB IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS BY ULTRA-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Ashok Gorja , Mondal Sumanta
Published: October 2018

Objective: The proposed study aimed to develop a stability-indicating ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for the estimation of cabozantinib in pharmaceutical dosage form and validate the method in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.Methods: The optimized conditions for the developed UPLC method are Acquity UPLC Hibar C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μ) column maintained at 30°C with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 55:45% v/v on isocratic mode at flow rate of 0.3 mL/ min. The sample was detected at 244 nm.Results: The retention time for cabozantinib was deemed 1.3 min. The developed method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, ruggedness, robustness, and solution stability. The method obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 20 μg/mL and 120 μg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9997. Forced degradation studies were conducted by exposing the drug solution to numerous stress conditions such as acidic, basic, peroxide, neutral, photolytic, and thermal conditions. The net degradation was considered within the limits, indicating that drug is stable in stressed conditions.Conclusion: The developed method for the estimation of cabozantinib can be utilized for the routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
DEVELOPMENT OF DRYING PROTOCOL FOR WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ROOTS
Authors: S Soni , Chawra Himmat Singh , Rk Sharma , R Garg
Published: October 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to develop a drying protocol for Withania somnifera roots (during the year 2009–2010 under the National Medicinal Plants Board project, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy-Scientific Institute of Research Organization, Mandsaur [M.P.]).Methods: The roots of Withania were harvested and cut into different sizes (2–4 inches) and subjected into sun drying, shade drying, and hot air oven drying in temperature ranging from 40°C to 60°C. The temperature for sun drying ranging from 32°C to 42°C during daytime, and in night hours, the samples were kept in plastic covers to prevent reabsorption of moisture. In shade drying, the pieces of roots were kept in shade (proper air flowing place) at normal climatic temperature. Moreover, in hot air oven drying method/mechanical drying method, the pieces of roots were kept at 50°C, 55°C, and 60°C, respectively. The samples were weighed, and the moisture content of the samples was taken at regular intervals until the standard moisture content of the dried roots was obtained that is mentioned in literature (10–5%).Result: The result revealed that hot air oven drying of roots took the lowest time (12 h), while sun drying method took 24 h for drying. The alkaloid content, namely, Withanolide A was significantly influenced by different methods of drying. The highest alkaloid content (0.010%) was observed in sun drying and hot air oven drying with 0.021.abc% as compared to shade drying with 0.009% Withanolide A.Conclusion: It may be concluded that sun drying and hot air oven drying are suitable methods for drying W. somnifera roots.
COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF SALIVARY TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN PERIODONTAL HEALTH AND CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS - A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Raghavendra U , Rao Anupama , D'suoza Jyothi , Pai Vinita Ramanath , Nair Sindhu , Kumar Vijaya , Kalal Bhuvanesh Sukhlal
Published: October 2018

Objective: Gram-negative bacteria provoke polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) to release reactive oxygen species in chronic periodontitis (CP). Inability to maintain a balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant levels makes patients more susceptible to periodontal disease. The present study aims to estimate and compare salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in subjects with clinically healthy periodontium and patients with CP.Methods: After fulfilling the selection criteria, a total of 20 subjects (10 with clinically healthy periodontium and 10 with CP) were subjected to unstimulated salivary sample collection for biochemical estimation of TAOC by spectrophotometric assay using Kovacevic method. Analysis of data was done with unpaired student t-test, using SPSS version 22 statistical program.Results: Salivary TAOC was significantly higher in subjects with clinically healthy periodontium compared to CP patients. It was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: This study indicated increased levels of salivary TAOC in patients with CP compared to clinically healthy periodontium. Alteration in defensive antioxidant status could be a risk factor in the progression of periodontal disease.
Spectrophotometric flow injection method for the determination of Bendiocarb insecticide in water samples using chromogenic reagent 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
Authors: Alamri Malik H Alaloosh , Abed Sadeem Subhi , Ali Abdul Kareem Jawad
Published: October 2018

Objective: Bendiocarb (BEN) is an acutely toxic carbamate insecticide which is used in public places and agriculture. The present study describes a new, sensitive, and accurate flow injection analysis method for the determination of BEN in its pesticide formulations and water samples.Methods: The developed method is based on an alkaline hydrolysis of BEN in NaOH, and the resultant product was coupled with 2,4-dinitrophenylhdrazin in the presence of sodium periodate to form red-colored product which measured at 515 nm.Results: Under the optimum conditions established (sample volume 150 μL, flow rate 2 mL/min, with 75 cm reaction coil length) for spectrophotometric determination of Bendiocarb. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 1–150 μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.738 μg/mL, with average recovery of 100.737 and relative standard deviation % of 1.331%.Conclusion: The established method was successfully applied for the determination of BEN in pesticide formulation and real spiked water sample.