bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-lymphangiogenesis for boosting drug accumulation in tumors
Authors: Wang Chunling , Xu Junchao , Cheng Xiaoyu , Sun Ge , Li Fenfen , Nie Guangjun , Zhang Yinlong
Published: April 2024

The inadequate tumor accumulation of anti-cancer agents is a major shortcoming of current therapeutic drugs and remains an even more significant concern in the clinical prospects for nanomedicines. Various strategies aiming at regulating the intratumoral permeability of therapeutic drugs have been explored in preclinical studies, with a primary focus on vascular regulation and stromal reduction. However, these methods may trigger or facilitate tumor metastasis as a tradeoff. Therefore, there is an urgent need for innovative strategies that boost intratumoral drug accumulation without compromising treatment outcomes. As another important factor affecting drug tumor accumulation besides vasculature and stroma, the impact of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels (LVs) has not been widely considered. In the current research, we verified that anlotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with anti-lymphangiogenesis activity, and SAR131675, a selective VEGFR-3 inhibitor, effectively decreased the density of tumor lymphatic vessels in mouse cancer models, further enhancing drug accumulation in tumor tissue. By combining anlotinib with therapeutic drugs, including doxorubicin (Dox), liposomal doxorubicin (Lip-Dox), and anti-PD-L1 antibody, we observed improved anti-tumor efficacy in comparison with monotherapy regimens. Meanwhile, this strategy significantly reduced tumor metastasis and elicited stronger anti-tumor immune responses. Our work describes a new, clinically transferrable approach to augmenting intratumoral drug accumulation, which shows great potential to address the current, unsatisfactory efficacies of therapeutic drugs without introducing metastatic risk.
DNA glycosylases provide antiviral defence in prokaryotes
Authors: Hossain Amer A. , Pigli Ying Z. , Baca Christian F. , Heissel Søren , Thomas Alexis , Libis Vincent K. , Burian Ján , Chappie Joshua S. , Brady Sean F. , Rice Phoebe A. , Marraffini Luciano A.
Published: April 2024

Bacteria have adapted to phage predation by evolving a vast assortment of defence systems1. Although anti-phage immunity genes can be identified using bioinformatic tools, the discovery of novel systems is restricted to the available prokaryotic sequence data2. Here, to overcome this limitation, we infected Escherichia coli carrying a soil metagenomic DNA library3 with the lytic coliphage T4 to isolate clones carrying protective genes. Following this approach, we identified Brig1, a DNA glycosylase that excises α-glucosyl-hydroxymethylcytosine nucleobases from the bacteriophage T4 genome to generate abasic sites and inhibit viral replication. Brig1 homologues that provide immunity against T-even phages are present in multiple phage defence loci across distinct clades of bacteria. Our study highlights the benefits of screening unsequenced DNA and reveals prokaryotic DNA glycosylases as important players in the bacteria–phage arms race.
The fasciola cinereum of the hippocampal tail as an interventional target in epilepsy
Authors: Jamiolkowski Ryan M. , Nguyen Quynh-Anh , Farrell Jordan S. , McGinn Ryan J. , Hartmann David A. , Nirschl Jeff J. , Sanchez Mateo I. , Buch Vivek P. , Soltesz Ivan
Published: April 2024

Targeted tissue ablation involving the anterior hippocampus is the standard of care for patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. However, a substantial proportion continues to suffer from seizures even after surgery. We identified the fasciola cinereum (FC) neurons of the posterior hippocampal tail as an important seizure node in both mice and humans with epilepsy. Genetically defined FC neurons were highly active during spontaneous seizures in epileptic mice, and closed-loop optogenetic inhibition of these neurons potently reduced seizure duration. Furthermore, we specifically targeted and found the prominent involvement of FC during seizures in a cohort of six patients with epilepsy. In particular, targeted lesioning of the FC in a patient reduced the seizure burden present after ablation of anterior mesial temporal structures. Thus, the FC may be a promising interventional target in epilepsy.
A psycholinguistic study of intergroup bias and its cultural propagation
Authors: Schmidtke Daniel , Kuperman Victor
Published: April 2024

Intergroup bias is the tendency for people to inflate positive regard for their in-group and derogate the out-group. Across two online experiments (N = 922) this study revisits the methodological premises of research on language as a window into intergroup bias. Experiment 1 examined (i) whether the valence (positivity) of language production differs when communicating about an in- vs. out-group, and (ii) whether the extent of this bias is influenced by the positivity of input descriptors that were initially presented to participants as examples of how an in-group or out-group characterize themselves. Experiment 2 used the linear diffusion chain method to examine how biases are transmitted through cultural generations. Valence of verbal descriptions were quantified using ratings obtained from a large-scale psycholinguistic database. The findings from Experiment 1 indicated a bias towards employing positive language in describing the in-group (exhibiting in-group favoritism), particularly in cases where the input descriptors were negative. However, there was weak evidence for increased negativity aimed at the out-group (i.e., out-group derogation). The findings from Experiment 2 demonstrated that in-group positivity bias propagated across cultural generations at a higher rate than out-group derogation. The results shed light on the formation and cultural transmission of intergroup bias.
Transcriptomics analysis of long non-coding RNAs in smooth muscle cells from patients with peripheral artery disease and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yundung Yankey , Mohammed Shafeeq , Paneni Francesco , Reutersberg Benedikt , Rössler Fabian , Zimmermann Alexander , Pelisek Jaroslav
Published: April 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and PAD is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). Growing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) significantly contribute to disease development and underlying complications, particularly affecting smooth muscle cells (SMCs). So far, no study has focused on transcriptome analysis of lncRNAs in PAD patients with and without DM. Tissue samples were obtained from our Vascular Biobank. Due to the sample’s heterogeneity, expression analysis of lncRNAs in whole tissue detected only ACTA2-AS1 with a 4.9-fold increase in PAD patients with DM. In contrast, transcriptomics of SMCs revealed 28 lncRNAs significantly differentially expressed between PAD with and without DM (FDR < 0.1). Sixteen lncRNAs were of unknown function, six were described in cancer, one connected with macrophages polarisation, and four were associated with CVDs, mainly with SMC function and phenotypic switch (NEAT1, MIR100HG, HIF1A-AS3, and MRI29B2CHG). The enrichment analysis detected additional lncRNAs H19, CARMN, FTX, and MEG3 linked with DM. Our study revealed several lncRNAs in diabetic PAD patients associated with the physiological function of SMCs. These lncRNAs might serve as potential therapeutic targets to improve the function of SMCs within the diseased tissue and, thus, the clinical outcome.
Enhancing the color gamut of waveguide displays for augmented reality head-mounted displays through spatially modulated diffraction grating
Authors: Lee Jae-Sang , Cho Seong-Hyeon , Choi Woo June , Choi Young-Wan
Published: April 2024

Augmented reality (AR) applications require displays with an extended color gamut to facilitate the presentation of increasingly immersive content. The waveguide (WG) display technology, which is typical AR demonstration method, is a critical constraint on the color gamut of AR systems because of the intrinsic properties of the holographic optical elements (HOEs) used in this technology. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a method of spatially modulated diffractive optics that can expand the color gamut of HOE-based WG displays. This approach involves spatial modulation using sub-pixelized HOEs, which enables the diffraction of red, green, and blue rays along identical directions. The proposed structure considers both the characteristics of the HOE and the wavelength sensitivity of the observer to optimize the color gamut. Consequently, an expanded color gamut was achieved. The results of the theoretical and experimental analyses substantiate the effectiveness and practicality of this method in enhancing the color gamut of HOE-based WG displays. Thus, the proposed method can facilitate the implementation of more immersive AR displays.
Building adjustment capacity to cope with running water in cultured grass carp through flow stimulation conditions
Authors: Xie Qingrong , Wang Li , Yang Shengfa , Yang Wei , Hu Jiang , Li Wenjie , Zhang Xianbing , Chen Ziwei
Published: April 2024

The adaptability of cultured fish to complex flow conditions is crucial for their survival after being released into the wild. Running water in natural environments poses significant challenges for the proliferation and release of cultured fish. This study aimed to investigate the effects of flow stimulation on the adjustment capacity of cultured fish to cope with running water. The target fish were cultured grass carp. An annular flume was used to conduct tests on training and control groups. The results demonstrated an enhancement in the adjustment capacity of cultured fish following appropriate flow stimulation training. (1) The trained fish exhibited a heightened preference for low-velocity areas. (2) The trained fish displayed the ability to select a route characterized by low energy consumption, predominantly following the periphery of the low-velocity area. This suggested that an appropriate flow velocity could improve the sensitivity of training fish to water flow information, and their adjustment capacity to cope with running water improved to a certain extent. A higher adjustment capacity allowed them to process flow rate information rapidly and identify a migration strategy with lower energy consumption. This study provides a useful reference for enhancing the survival rate of grass carp through stock enhancement initiatives and contributes to the sustainability of freshwater ecosystems.
Molecular modelling studies and in vitro enzymatic assays identified A 4-(nitrobenzyl)guanidine derivative as inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro
Authors: de Santiago-Silva Kaio Maciel , Camargo Priscila Goes , Carvalho Constant Larissa Esteves , Costa Stephany da Silva , Frensel Giovanna Barbosa , Allonso Diego , Nakazato Gerson , Lima Camilo Henrique da Silva , Bispo Marcelle de Lima Ferreira
Published: April 2024

Scientists and researchers have been searching for drugs targeting the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, which is crucial for virus replication. This study employed a virtual screening based on molecular docking to identify benzoylguanidines from an in-house chemical library that can inhibit Mpro on the active site and three allosteric sites. Molecular docking was performed on the LaSMMed Chemical Library using 88 benzoylguanidine compounds. Based on their RMSD values and conserved pose, three potential inhibitors (BZG1, BZG2, and BZG3) were selected. These results indicate that BZG1 and BZG3 may bind to the active site, while BZG2 may bind to allosteric sites. Molecular dynamics data suggest that BZG2 selectively targets allosteric site 3. In vitro tests were performed to measure the proteolytic activity of rMpro. The tests showed that BZG2 has uncompetitive inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 77 µM. These findings suggest that benzoylguanidines possess potential as Mpro inhibitors and pave the way towards combating SARS-Cov-2 effectively.
An air door opening and closing time identification and stage division method based on the wind speed data of a single sensor
Authors: Song Ying , Li Shan , Shang Wentian
Published: April 2024

In mines, tunnel ventilation is monitored using wind speed sensors to measure the stability of the mine ventilation system. However, opening and closing the air door will cause violent fluctuations in the monitoring data of the wind speed sensors. When false alarms are triggered, the staff can diagnose only the mine ventilation system based on their experience. A numerical simulation method is adopted to explore the changes in the flow field during the opening and closing of the air door to address this issue. In addition, a method that is based on the wind speed data of a single sensor is proposed to identify the time and divide the stages of air door opening and closing. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can successfully identify the air door opening and closing time and apply stage division when needed.
Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome: a 20-year experience in 466 patients
Authors: Kianersi Farzan , Kianersi Hamidreza , Pourazizi Mohsen , Beni Afsaneh Naderi , Noorshargh Pegah
Published: April 2024

Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome (FUS), also known as Fuchs Heterochromic Iridocyclitis, is a chronic form of uveitis characterized by mild inflammation primarily affecting one eye. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and epidemiological features of FUS in an Iranian population. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 466 patients diagnosed with FUS at an ophthalmology center affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences between 2003 and 2021. The Kimura et al. criteria were used for FUS diagnosis. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, misdiagnosed cases, concurrent diseases, and associated ocular findings were analyzed. The study included 507 eyes of 466 FUS patients, with a mean age of 34.01 ± 11.25 years. Iris atrophy, keratic precipitates, and vitritis were common clinical findings. Heterochromia was an infrequent feature. Initial misdiagnosis occurred in 13 patients, with pars planitis being the most common incorrect diagnosis. Toxoplasmosis and multiple sclerosis were common concurrent diseases. Pediatric FUS cases were noted, possibly attributed to early-onset manifestations. Differences in clinical characteristics were observed when compared to other populations. This study provides insights into the clinical and epidemiological aspects of FUS in an Iranian population. Variations in clinical features, misdiagnosis patterns, and concurrent diseases were noted. Attention to specific clinical parameters can aid in accurate FUS diagnosis. Understanding these differences contributes to a better understanding of FUS presentation and its relationship with other diseases.
Improved data quality and statistical power of trial-level event-related potentials with Bayesian random-shift Gaussian processes
Authors: Pluta Dustin , Hadj-Amar Beniamino , Li Meng , Zhao Yongxiang , Versace Francesco , Vannucci Marina
Published: April 2024

Studies of cognitive processes via electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings often analyze group-level event-related potentials (ERPs) averaged over multiple subjects and trials. This averaging procedure can obscure scientifically relevant variability across subjects and trials, but has been necessary due to the difficulties posed by inference of trial-level ERPs. We introduce the Bayesian Random Phase-Amplitude Gaussian Process (RPAGP) model, for inference of trial-level amplitude, latency, and ERP waveforms. We apply RPAGP to data from a study of ERP responses to emotionally arousing images. The model estimates of trial-specific signals are shown to greatly improve statistical power in detecting significant differences in experimental conditions compared to existing methods. Our results suggest that replacing the observed data with the de-noised RPAGP predictions can potentially improve the sensitivity and accuracy of many of the existing ERP analysis pipelines.
Prognostic implication of 1-year decline in diffusing capacity in newly diagnosed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Lee Hyeonsu , Kim So Yeon , Park Young Sik , Choi Sun Mi , Lee Jong Hyuk , Park Jimyung
Published: April 2024

The progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is assessed through serial monitoring of forced vital capacity (FVC). Currently, data regarding the clinical significance of longitudinal changes in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is lacking. We investigated the prognostic implications of a 1-year decline in DLCO in 319 patients newly diagnosed with IPF at a tertiary hospital between January 2010 and December 2020. Changes in FVC and DLCO over the first year after the initial diagnosis were reviewed; a decline in FVC ≥ 5% and DLCO ≥ 10% predicted were considered significant changes. During the first year after diagnosis, a significant decline in FVC and DLCO was observed in 101 (31.7%) and 64 (20.1%) patients, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that a 1-year decline in FVC ≥ 5% predicted (aHR 2.74, 95% CI 1.88–4.00) and 1-year decline in DLCO ≥ 10% predicted (aHR 2.31, 95% CI 1.47–3.62) were independently associated with a higher risk of subsequent mortality. The prognostic impact of a decline in DLCO remained significant regardless of changes in FVC, presence of emphysema, or radiographic indications of pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, serial monitoring of DLCO should be recommended because it may offer additional prognostic information compared with monitoring of FVC alone.
Investigation of morpho-physiolgical traits and gene expression in barley under nitrogen deficiency
Authors: Hajibarat Zohreh , Saidi Abbas , Ghazvini Habibollah , Hajibarat Zahra
Published: April 2024

Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for plant growth, and its deficiency influences plants at several physiological and gene expression levels. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the most important food grains from the Poaceae family and one of the most important staple food crops. However, the seed yield is limited by a number of stresses, the most important of which is the insufficient use of N. Thus, there is a need to develop N-use effective cultivars. In this study, comparative physiological and molecular analyses were performed using leaf and root tissues from 10 locally grown barley cultivars. The expression levels of nitrate transporters, HvNRT2 genes, were analyzed in the leaf and root tissues of N-deficient (ND) treatments of barley cultivars after 7 and 14 days following ND treatment as compared to the normal condition. Based on the correlation between the traits, root length (RL) had a positive and highly significant correlation with fresh leaf weight (FLW) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) concentration in roots, indicating a direct root and leaf relationship with the plant development under ND. From the physiological aspects, ND enhanced carotenoids, chlorophylls a/b (Chla/b), total chlorophyll (TCH), leaf antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and root antioxidant enzymes (APX and POD) in the Sahra cultivar. The expression levels of HvNRT2.1, HvNRT2.2, and HvNRT2.4 genes were up-regulated under ND conditions. For the morphological traits, ND maintained root dry weight among the cultivars, except for Sahra. Among the studied cultivars, Sahra responded well to ND stress, making it a suitable candidate for barely improvement programs. These findings may help to better understand the mechanism of ND tolerance and thus lead to the development of cultivars with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in barley.
Non-animal models for blood–brain barrier permeability evaluation of drug-like compounds
Authors: Dehnbostel Frederic O. , Dixit Vaibhav A. , Preissner Robert , Banerjee Priyanka
Published: April 2024

Diseases related to the central nervous system (CNS) are major health concerns and have serious social and economic impacts. Developing new drugs for CNS-related disorders presents a major challenge as it actively involves delivering drugs into the CNS. Therefore, it is imperative to develop in silico methodologies to reliably identify potential lead compounds that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and help to thoroughly understand the role of different physicochemical properties fundamental to the BBB permeation of molecules. In this study, we have analysed the chemical space of the CNS drugs and compared it to the non-CNS-approved drugs. Additionally, we have collected a feature selection dataset from Muehlbacher et al. (J Comput Aided Mol Des 25(12):1095–1106, 2011. 10.1007/s10822-011-9478-1) and an in-house dataset. This information was utilised to design a molecular fingerprint that was used to train machine learning (ML) models. The best-performing models reported in this study achieved accuracies of 0.997 and 0.98, sensitivities of 1.0 and 0.992, specificities of 0.971 and 0.962, MCCs of 0.984 and 0.958, and ROC-AUCs of 0.997 and 0.999 on an imbalanced and a balanced dataset, respectively. They demonstrated overall good accuracies and sensitivities in the blind validation dataset. The reported models can be applied for fast and early screening drug-like molecules with BBB potential. Furthermore, the bbbPythoN package can be used by the research community to both produce the BBB-specific molecular fingerprints and employ the models mentioned earlier for BBB-permeability prediction.
Unveiling the promising anticancer activity of palladium(ii)–aryl complexes bearing diphosphine ligands: a structure–activity relationship analysis
Authors: Tonon Giovanni , Mauceri Matteo , Cavarzerani Enrico , Piccolo Rachele , Santo Claudio , Demitri Nicola , Orian Laura , Nogara Pablo A. , Rocha João Batista T. , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Rizzolio Flavio , Visentin Fabiano , Scattolin Thomas
Published: April 2024

Pd–aryl complexes bearing a wide range of disphosphine, aryl and halide ligands were synthesized. Their remarkable in vitro and ex vivo anticancer activity seems to involve DNA as the main biotarget and an intrinsic apoptotic cell death mechanism.
Correction: On the mercuration, palladation, transmetalation and direct auration of a C^N^C pincer ligand
Authors: McEllin Alice Jane , Goult Christopher A. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Lynam Jason M. , Bruce Duncan W.
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘On the mercuration, palladation, transmetalation and direct auration of a C^N^C pincer ligand’ by Alice Jane McEllin et al., Dalton Trans., 2023, 52, 872–876, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2dt04114f.
Green synthesis of oxygenic graphyne with high electrochemical performance from efficient mechanochemical degradation of hazardous decabromodiphenyl ether
Authors: Li Yingjie , Wang Xiaoyu , Qiang Bo , Xu Shenao , Gu Jing , He Xiaojun , Li Chunxi
Published: April 2024

Hazardous decabromodiphenyl ether is efficiently converted into oxygenic graphyne with unique structure and high electrochemical performance via a green mechanochemical reaction with CaC2.
In situ aggregation and early states of gelation of gold nanoparticle dispersions
Authors: Schulz Florian , Jain Avni , Dallari Francesco , Markmann Verena , Lehmkühler Felix
Published: April 2024

The aggregation and onset of gelation of PEGylated gold nanoparticles dispersed in a glycerol–water mixture is studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.
Influence of mineral and hormonal composition of growing medium on fruit crops and grapes explants development in vitro
Authors: Batukaev M.S. , Batukaev Abuzar A.
Published: April 2024

The influence of the mineral and hormonal composition of the growing medium on the development of explants of fruit crops and grapes in vitro has been studied. As a result of the studies, it has been found that phytohormones have a positive effect on the regeneration of explants in vitro. When using standard compositions of nutrient media not adding auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, shoot regeneration is reduced, and growth and development are inhibited. The data on the studied media for explants cultivation obtained during the research showed that agarized growing media MS are optimal for microclonal propagation in vitro. Especially this refers to their modifications with a content of 1.0 mg/l 6-BAP at the first planting; a combination of 1.0 mg/l 6-BAP with 1.0 mg/l GK3 during transplantation; 0.5 mg/L IAA at the second transplant. The study of the effect of growth regulators BAP and kinetin combinations on the reproduction factor and the average length of various explants shoots has showed that at the micropropagation stage it is advisable to use BAP and kinetin together at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l each, which ensures the maximum reproduction factor.
Bio-waste – collection, separation, generated products for second use
Authors: Hesse K. , Rögener F. , Kürten M.
Published: April 2024

In Germany, the recorded quantities of bio-waste have grown continuously after the introduction of a separate organic waste bin. Residual biomass is not a waste – it is a raw material, which forms the basis for various marketable products, such as compost, biogas/biofuels, or biomass coke. This article highlights possible process ways according to the state of the art from bio-waste collection until the generation of products for second use. In addition, possible trends for the development of the bio-waste industry are shown.
Assessment of the effect of adjusted river flow on crops
Authors: Ibragimov I.A. , Inomov D.I. , Idiyev I.I. , Mukhammadov Sh.Sh. , Abduvohitov S.S.
Published: April 2024

In the article causes of various anthropogenic factors in the occurrence of adverse events at hydraulic structures on the banks of the river in the Khorezm region of the Amudarya and in the coastal areas of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and agricultural lands in the coastal areas were studied. Brief recommendations were given to improve the situation in the coastal areas of the Amudarya. The article also analyzes data on adjusted river flow and groundwater table changes.
Current problems of water intake from Amudarya without rest and measures to improve them
Authors: Jamolov F.N. , Berdiev Sh. , Ergashev X. , Idiev I. , Abdiyev T.
Published: April 2024

In this article, the Karakum canal, which receives water from the middle part of the Amudarya, the anterior trunk canal, the problems in the areas of dam-free water intake into the Amu-Bukhаrа machine channels: that is, the processes in the river basin, the washing of the shores, the flow movements were studied in field and laboratory conditions. On the basis of the results obtained, recommendations were developed for the areas of water intake without rest.
The effect of deep softeners on irrigation, salt washing and cotton yield on soils with heavy mechanical composition
Authors: Juraev A.K. , Khamidov M.Kh. , Juraev U.A. , Atamuradov B.N. , Murodov O.U. , Rustamova K.B. , Najmiddinov M.M.
Published: April 2024

In the article, studies were conducted on the economy of saline soils quality saline washing and irrigation water by deepening of medium coarse soils with a mechanical content of melioration, plaster, salinity in the conditions of Bukhara region. In experiments, basically, there were three ways to soften the field: plowing in the first experiments at 35 cm, plowing in the second experiment at 60 cm, and plowing in the third experiments at a depth of 80 cm. During the experiments, in the first variant of the studies, the norm of salt washing was set to 6480 cbm/ha, in the second variant to 5210 cbm/ha and in the third variant to 5010 cbm/ha. First of the studies in irrigation of Bukhara 102 varieties, that is, in the control variant to 5821 cbm/ha, in the second variant to 5284 cbm/ha and in the third variant to 5100 cbm/ha. Watered 5 times during the season. At the same time, high quality cotton was harvested due to the increase in cotton yield to 0.39 t/ha in the variant 2 and 0.129 t/ha in the variant 3 compared to the control, and the land reclamation situation improved. the amount of chlorine ion in the active layer is 0.003 in the variant 2 compared to the control. The amount of dry residue decreased by 0.058% in the variant 2 and the amount of dry residue by 0.063% in the variant 3.
Usage of irrigation elements by means of water-efficient technology in irrigating intensive apple gardens through soil and dynamics of seeping moisture
Authors: Karimov G.H. , Juraev F.U.
Published: April 2024

The article analyzed one of the most effective methods in intensive garden irrigation, irrigation technology parameters as well as the dynamics of the movement of moisture. We have presented some results of subsurface irrigation concerning moisture dynamics in soil. The element to the horizon relatively installed inclined corner, it is installed in the scheme of the topsoil active layer wetting capillary and earthward motion. During the research, we studied both the movement and height of the wetting contour over time H, the radius of the width L, and the curve area of the irrigation norm W m3/ha were relatively chosen.
Lysozyme, anti-lysozyme, hemolytic and adhesive activity in serration cultures isolated from dairy products
Authors: Gairabekov R.Kh. , Molochaevа L.G. , Mirzoeva N.M.
Published: April 2024

Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education “Chechen state University. Isolation of pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria from surrounding environment, food products, animals and humans requires establishing their potential pathogenic potential. In this work, the authors have studied 109 cultures of bacteria belonging to the species Serratia marcescens of which: 61 museum cultures, 29 cultures isolated from small ruminants and environmental objects, 19 cultures isolated from dairy products produced on private farmsteads in the Chechen Republic for the presence of lysozyme, antilysozyme, hemolytic and adhesive activity in them.
Volume and hydrodynamic characteristics of the product layer
Authors: Nuriddinov Kh. , Khasanov I.S. , Kuchkorov Zh.Zh. , Nuriddinov O.Kh.
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with the determination and study of the drying rate. The authors believe that it is necessary to present the curves for changing the mass of the product and time, to take into account the possible ranges of changes in the parameters of the coolant. In addition, the paper discusses the actual speeds of airflow around the product, the required drying modes will become known owing to the knowledge of the features of the drying process. In this regard, the authors of the paper consider the volumetric and hydrodynamic characteristics of the product layer. The purpose of the study was to determine the area of the free section in the layer of products, the speed of air movement, the pressure loss in the layer. The results of computational and experimental studies have shown the possibility of determining the true speed of drying of various products.
Processing of household solid waste for heat treatment
Authors: Shatalov V.A. , Shatalov A.V. , Mikhailichenko S.A. , Shavirskaya D.S.
Published: April 2024

The production of alternative fuels is a promising direction in the development of energy. Nowadays, in science the technology of heat treatment of various materials, including household solid waste is used. In order to obtain an alternative type of fuel from waste, the technology of heat treatment of raw materials without access to oxygen – thermolysis is used. Under the influence of low temperatures (400–500ºС) and without access to oxygen, the material decomposes into several components: water, gas, fuel oil and dark heating oil. To ensure the correct operation of such a line, it is required to supply finely divided raw materials to form the required plug in the loading zone from raw materials. Moreover, raw material should not be homogeneous. It is known that a mixture of rubber and paper gives cleaner results during heat treatment. To ensure proper operation and obtain the desired mixed raw materials, a rotary centrifugal unit with a complex dynamic effect on the material was developed. Calculations and studies showed that such a grinder design is capable of qualitatively grinding raw materials and mixing it in the right proportions. Small dimensions and a design solution in the form of a single rotor with several mechanisms of action on the material allow reducing energy consumption for grinding. The practical value of the paper is in the creation of an improved design of a rotary centrifugal unit on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies. It increases the productivity and quality of the resulting mixture. The results of the study can be used in the industry of waste processing plants.
Recycling of soya (Glycine max) vegetable waste to obtain a carbon-containing sorption material
Authors: Vasilenko T.A. , Aleynikova N.A. , Maltseva A.K. , Kurzenev I.R.
Published: April 2024

The analysis of research literature indicates that certain innovations are required in managing vegetable carbon-containing waste. A method of obtaining a new sorption material from vegetable waste of soyaGlycine max(leaves, stalks, pod shucks), carbonized at the temperature from 200 to 400 °С in the anaerobic environment in an airtight steel container for 1 hour, is suggested. The criteria for evaluating the quality of a thermally activated sorption material were presented with the following parameters: bulk density; mass yield and volume yield of the sorption material; combustion loss degree. The elemental analysis has demonstrated that with the increase in the treatment temperature the increase of the carbon content from 58 % (Т = 200 °С) to 65.6 % (Т = 400 °С) is registered; and the oxygen content is reduced from 37 to 24 %. The heat-treated samples were researched by means of a scanning electron microscope. The porosity type of all the obtained sorption materials is a macroporous body with a pore radius of over 100–200 nm. The general view of the carbon-containing materials has the following morphological characteristics: bulges on the outer surface, and the channel structure of macropores, typical of carbonized materials. The amount of functional groups was determined by the Boehm method. With increase in the treatment temperature, the amount of carboxyl groups on the surface of carbon-containing materials is increased, while the amount of lactone groups is decreased, which is due to the burning-off of organic matter. The sorption capacity for methylene blue dye (from 35.0 to 81.85 mg/g) was determined during heat treatment in the mentioned temperature range.
Agricultural waste as a source of biologically active substances
Authors: Zhmyrko T.G. , Novikova T.K. , Stikhova A.M.
Published: April 2024

Agro-industrial waste at all stages of agricultural production, processing and consumption increases annually and reaches an enormous level. Agricultural waste is often rich in valuable biologically active substances, therefore, it is important to consider methods of its efficientprocessing. Waste recycling is required to reduce the negative impact on the environment, minimize waste and increase the efficiency of the use of raw materials. The paper presents the results of chemical analysis of phytogenic waste: potato and carrot tops. Potato and carrot top wastes are considered the agricultural waste. The sown areas of these crops are huge. All this was the reason for choosing the aboveground part of potatoes and carrots as objects of study in order to obtain a sufficient amount of biologically active substances. Lipids were extracted from potato and carrottops by hexane extraction, washed, and the unsaponifiable substancesweresplit by column chromatography on silica gel. The fraction composition was determined by physicochemical methods. The results of the experimental study showed that potato and carrot tops contain a significant amount of biologically active components, among which triterpene compounds present a particular interest. Triterpene compounds have properties that can help to fight against oncology and viral diseases: prevent inflammation, inhibit the active division of cells and the growth of pathogenic neoplasms, activate programmed cell death, which makes it possible to recommend the aboveground part of potatoes and carrots as a cheap source of biologically active substances for the pharmaceutical and perfumery industry.
Extraction of biologically active substances from grape processing waste
Authors: Zhmyrko T.G. , Novikova T.K. , Stikhova A.M.
Published: April 2024

For sustainable management of natural resources and effective integrated use of the raw materials, it is necessary to introduce into production innovative developments for the effective extraction of valuable substances from production waste. Waste recycling is crucial to reduce the negative impact on the environment, minimize waste and increase the efficiency of using raw materials. The paper addresses the problem of environmental pollution by grape processing waste. The results of chemical analysis of CO2 and alcohol extracts from grape processing waste, including grape pomace, are presented. For the study, samples of carbon dioxide extract from white and red grape pomace were isolated. In carbon dioxide extracts, indicators of oxidative spoilage, mass fraction of unsaponifiable substances and fatty acid composition were determined. It is shown that for the most efficient extraction of biologically active substances from grape pomace, a two-stage extraction should be carried out: CO2 extraction and extraction with an alcohol solution. The experimental results indicate that the secondary extraction from grape pomace and its individual components with liquefied carbon dioxide results in the formation of easily decomposable waste and extraction of a lipid fraction containing valuable substances that can be used in the food and cosmetic industries. The results obtained show that the use of a 70% alcohol solution is technologically substantiated for obtaining extracts from grape pomace with a highest content of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins.
Development of ecosystem principles for optimising differentiated land use management
Authors: Dyachenko Vladimir , Turkin Vladimir , Matasova Irina
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of the analysis of the main trends in the ecological and geochemical transformation of the environment of Southern Russia. The research on revealing the regularities of migration and distribution of elements in soils of landscapes testifies to the necessity of changing the basis of management. This includes introduction of ecosystem principles of management of nature use and environmental quality, timely adjustment of economic mechanisms and resource cycles. The methodology of the ecosystem ecological rationing of chemical elements in soils for optimisation of differentiated land use management has been developed. The system of measures to ensure environmental safety in the region is proposed. It includes identification of pollution and assessment of sources of environmental hazards, maintenance of environmental passports of land plots, measures to protect the environment in the process of economic activity, measures to prevent and eliminate natural and man-made emergencies associated with environmental pollution.
Container plant potential of thuja occidentalis for the introduction of explants into in vitro culture during growth attenuation
Authors: Kuzmina T.I. , Pavlova E.Yu. , Gurieva A.
Published: April 2024

An audit of the results of the introduction of thuja occidentalis explants under in vitro conditions without sterilisation showed that the investigated mother conifers under the conditions of the Gelendzhik district were significantly infected. It was assumed that the plants were infected under in vivo conditions, i.e. in the mother plant. In the second half of 2023, in the conditions of the Gelendzhik district, the authors set the task to study the features of container maintenance of Thuja occidentalis (Thuja occidentalis) varieties “Columna”, “Smaragd” during the fading of growth processes, i.e. in the autumn period.
Biotesting in the assessment of vineyard soil toxicity
Authors: Modina Marina , Heckert Eugene , Shkoda Valentin , Kuznetsova Julia
Published: April 2024

The data on contamination of vineyard soil with heavy metals, pesticides, macro- and microelements in the system were reviewed. Biological methods allow establishing the degree of general pollution and general toxicity of environmental objects for living organisms and expediency of their further detailed analysis by chemical, physico-chemical and physical methods. Biochemically active substances, as a rule, in large concentrations are highly toxic for living organisms (Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, etc.). The factors causing soil contamination are presented, the application of biotesting for different soil contamination is analysed. The results of the impact of soil pollution on the environment are described. In connection with the ever-increasing technogenic load, the solution of the most important problem of vineyard soil contamination and increase of ecological safety of the grape-growing products obtained afterwards require a complex approach, which is urgent.
Study of the effectiveness of combined electrophysical influence on tomato seeds
Authors: Yudaev I.V. , Stepanchuk G.V. , Gulyaev P.V. , Daus Yu.V. , Protasova N.A.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the combined pre-sowing treatment of the tomato seed material of a tomato variety “Malva”, which consisted of exposure to visible radiation in the range from 460 to 625 nm and an alternating magnetic field with induction from 6.5 to 65 mTl. Experimental studies were conducted at all stages of plant development: from pre-sowing seed treatment to the final products (tomatoes). As a result of the experimental studies, we revealed that the best results obtained about the dry matter content in tomato seedlings and about the yield on the root of the final products (tomatoes) are achieved at presowing seed treatment with two influencing factors. The first is optical radiation with a wavelength of 460 nm and treatment time of 60 s. The second is magnetic field with an induction of 39 mTl and treatment time of 30 s. After such combined treatment, the seeds were cured for 120 hours before sowing. As a result, we experimentally recorded that the dry matter content in tomato seedlings increased by 25.41%, and the tomato yield increased by 38.00%, compared to the control variant. This allows us to speak about such seed treatment before sowing as an effective agro-technological method, which can be recommended for use in vegetable growing.
Pre-sowing stimulation of cereal seeds in high voltage electric field
Authors: Yudaev Igor V. , Daus Yulia V. , Eviev Valery A. , Soumyanova Elena V. , Goldvarg Tatiana B.
Published: April 2024

The main challenge of modern land management is the need to increase the yield of cultivated crops, while maintaining quality, minimising total energy inputs into cultivation and minimising the negative impact on the environment. This is quite possible if we have healthy seeds characterised, first of all, by improved sowing qualities. In order to realise the mentioned approaches, it is possible to use seed preparation for sowing, using for this purpose various electrophysical effects, including treatment of seed material in the electric field of high voltage. The purpose of the presented article is to analyse the results obtained to study the process of treatment of cereal seeds before sowing in the electric field of constant and alternating high voltage, as well as the electric field of pulsed high-voltage discharges. A universal experimental laboratory setup was assembled for the research. According to the results of the experiments, there was a clear dependence of the speed and friendliness of germination of winter triticale and barley seeds on the effects of electrical nature on them. Efficiency of such influences is also shown in plant protection against various pests, so against bread fleas and meromysa it is treatment in the electric field of alternating high voltage with duration of 120 s, as well as against Swedish fly, but with duration of treatment of 60 s; against wheat thrips – in the electric field of constant high voltage with duration of 60 s. Besides optimisation of phytosanitary condition of crops, the stimulating effect of high voltage electric field on yield structure of cereal crops (winter barley and triticale) was revealed, as productivity increases, bushiness and more dense productive stalks are formed. Electrostimulation has a positive effect on such hard-to-regulate parameter as ear fineness – the total number of grains in the ear increases by 13.8…31.0%; the weight of 1000 grains slightly increases – by 3.0…6.2%; grain yield to total weight increases by 40.3…57.8%; positive effect on all elements of yield structure is traced.
Assessment of protective forest plantations on gray forest and sod-podzolic soils of the Predkamye region of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Mukhametshina Aigul , Musin Haris , Mirsiyapov Nail , Usmanov Salavat , Khalilov Ildar
Published: April 2024

Protective forest plantations increase soil fertility and fulfil an important role of soil protection from erosion. Much attention is paid to protective afforestation in the Republic of Tatarstan. In the region, in 2022, protective forest plantations were established on the area of 1801 hectares, of which ravine-beam forests make up 1763 hectares, including 645 hectares with terracing and 38 hectares of field protection strips. Protective forest plantations were created in Aznakaevsky municipal district on the area of 600 ha and in settlements of 114 ha of “compensatory” reforestation and afforestation. The article presents the results of the survey of existing protective forest plantations in the Predkamya zone of the Republic of Tatarstan on sod-podzolic and grey forest soils. The area is characterised by strong washing away, erosion and gully formation, where the area of washed away soils is 66%, erosion-hazardous lands amount to 15.5%. A sanitary condition of plantations, productivity and carbon deposition were assessed. According to silvicultural and taxation indicators, the average age of the surveyed stands is 48 years; the completeness ranges from 0.5 to 0.9, bonitet ranges from I to II. In terms of the sanitary condition, trees of the 1st and 2nd categories predominate; in some areas forest management measures are required. Under the canopy of the plantations, there is a natural regeneration of petiole oak, which is an indigenous species of the Pre-Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. On all surveyed sample areas, the largest amount of carbon stock is concentrated on PP7, PP8 and PP19: 786.96, 833.7 and 828.09 tonnes, respectively. These are mixed stands of pine and birch.
Study of growth of anti-erosion forest plantations on steep slopes of Arskiy district of RT
Authors: Singatullin Irek , Yatmanova Nadezhda , Petrova Guzel , Chernov Vasily
Published: April 2024

The growth of anti-erosion forest plantations with pine, larch, birch and spruce on steep slopes of the Arsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan, 20 and 15 years old, was studied at two sites. It has been established that on both studied sites stable protective high-productive phytocenoses are formed, fulfilling the ecological function of oxygen generation and carbon storage. Pine has the best growth on both sites, birch is slightly inferior to it, larch, as an introduced species, is slightly behind in growth. The best conditions for growth of tree species are in the middle part of the slope.