bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two‐period information‐sharing and quality decision in a supply chain under static and dynamic wholesale pricing strategies
Authors: Zhao You , Hou Rui , Lin Xiaogang , Lin Qiang
Published: November 2021

We consider a one‐to‐one supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer and study the retailer's two‐period information‐sharing decision problem. We develop a game‐theoretic model wherein the manufacturer produces a product at a certain level of quality to the retailer at a static wholesale price or at dynamic wholesale prices over two periods. The retailer determines whether to share the market demand information with the manufacturer. Conventional wisdom suggests that the retailer prefers not to share the information because of the double marginalization effect. Under the two‐period setting, we show that the retailer may disclose information to the manufacturer voluntarily. Specifically, if the manufacturer adopts the static wholesale pricing strategy, sharing (no) information over two periods is beneficial for the retailer when the quality cost coefficient is low (high). If the manufacturer implements the dynamic wholesale pricing strategy, it is beneficial for the retailer to share information only in the first period when the quality cost coefficient is moderate. When the quality cost coefficient is sufficiently low (high), the retailer prefers to share (no) information for both periods. Our result suggests that the manufacturer always benefits from the information‐sharing, that is, a “win‐win” outcome for the retailer and manufacturer may be achieved under certain conditions, which stands in sharp contrast to the literature on information‐sharing.
Andradite titanium: Preparation, characterization and metallurgical performance
Authors: Li Gang , Chen Dan , You Yang , Ding Chengyi , Pei Guishang , Chen Yun , Qiu Guibao , Lv Xuewei
Published: November 2021

Andradite titanium (Ca3Fe2Si1.58Ti1.42O12, abbreviated as AT), which is a significant mineral phase in the sinter of titanium‐containing iron ore, was prepared via a solid‐state reaction with analytical reagents. The crystal structure, cold strength, and high‐temperature heat capacity were individually characterized, and the metallurgical performance, such as melting and reduction behavior, were measured. AT is a variant of andradite (Ca3Fe2Si3O12) formed by the Ti4+ substitution for Fe3+ in the octahedral sites and Fe3+ substitution for Si4+ in the tetrahedral sites. The compressive strength of AT was approximately 14.21 MPa, and its softening, melting, and flowing temperatures were 1453, 1483, and 1509 K, respectively. According to the differential scanning calorimetry measurements, the melting point was approximately 1502 K. The non‐isothermal reduction results revealed that AT was reduced to Fe, perovskite, and wollastonite in a single step, and the isothermal reduction test indicated that the reduction degree of AT was only 0.67 when reduced at 900°C for 150 min, and the order of reduction performance was Fe2O3 > Fe3O4 > CaO·2Fe2O3 > CaO·Fe2O3 > 2CaO·Fe2O3 > AT. The high‐temperature heat capacity of AT as a function of temperature was also measured and modeled.
The established and the challenger: A direct comparison of current cryoballoon technologies for pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Moser Fabian , Rottner Laura , Moser Julia , Schleberger Ruben , Lemoine Marc , Münkler Paula , Dinshaw Leon , Kirchhof Paulus , Reissmann Bruno , Ouyang Feifan , Rillig Andreas , Metzner Andreas
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Cryoballoon (CB) ablation for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an effective treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Recently, a novel cryoablation system was introduced. The aim of the study was to compare the safety, efficacy and biophysical characteristics of a novel cryoablation system (POLARx™; Boston Scientific) to a commonly used and clinically well characterized system (Arctic Front Advance Pro™, AFA; Medtronic).

Methods and Results

Fifty consecutive patients with symptomatic AF, who underwent CB‐based ablation with the POLARx were compared to 50 consecutive patients treated with the AFA. Acute PVI was achieved in 99.8% (POLARx 99.5%, AFA 100%, p = 1.00). Time to isolation (TTI) was comparable in both groups (POLARx 35 [27, 48] s, AFA 30 [21, 43] s, p = 0.165). The POLARx showed a lower balloon temperature at TTI (POLARx −44 [−50, −36] °C, AFA −31 [−38, −21] °C, p < 0.001) and lower nadir temperature (POLARx −60 [−65, −55] °C, AFA −48 [−54, −45] °C, p < 0.001). Procedure time (POLARx 80 [60, 105] min, AFA 62 [42, 80] min, p < 0.001), fluoroscopy time (POLARx 17 [13, 22] min, AFA 11 [7, 16] min, p < 0.001) and freeze cycles per patient (POLARx 5 [4, 6], AFA 4.5 [4, 5], p = 0.002) were higher in the POLARx group. Two cerebral ischemic events occurred in the POLARx group, two patients in each group had phrenic nerve injury.

Conclusion

Both systems enable effective isolation of pulmonary veins. The POLARx required longer procedure and fluoroscopy times. Larger, prospective and randomized studies are needed to assess long‐term efficacy and safety of this technology.
A novel model of a biomechanically induced osteoarthritis‐like cartilage for pharmacological in vitro studies
Authors: Sauerland Katrin , Wolf Amela , Schudok Manfred , Steinmeyer Juergen
Published: November 2021

Excessive pressure or overload induces and aggravates osteoarthritic changes in articular cartilage, but the underlying biomechanical forces are largely ignored in existing pharmacological in vitro models that are used to investigate drugs against osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we introduce a novel in vitro model to perform pathophysiological and pharmacological investigations, in which cartilage explants are subjected to intermittent cyclic pressure, and characterize its ability to mimic OA‐like tissue reactivity. Mechanical loading time‐dependently increased the biosynthesis, content and retention of fibronectin (Fn), whereas collagen metabolism remained unchanged. This protocol upregulated the production and release of proteoglycans (PGs). The release of PGs from explants was significantly inhibited by a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of such proteinases in the destruction of the model tissue, similar to what is observed in human OA cartilage. In conclusion, the metabolic alterations in our new biomechanical in vitro model are similar to those of early human OA cartilage, and our pharmacological prevalidation with an MMP‐inhibitor supports its value for further in vitro drug studies.
Fracture strength of teeth with coronal destruction after core build‐up restoration with bulk fill materials
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Rangel de Moura , Reis Érica Gouveia Jorge , Tanomaru‐Filho Mário , Reis José Maurício dos Santos Nunes
Published: November 2021

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the fracture strength and failure modes of different core techniques in teeth with simulated coronal destruction.

Materials and methods

Forty teeth were endodontically prepared and the specimens were divided into four experimental groups (n = 10) according to the core composition: Filtek One Bulk Fill‐FOBF, Filtek Z350 XT‐FZ350 (standard group), Filtek Bulk Fill Flow‐FBFF, and LuxaCore Z‐LCZ. CAD/CAM Monolithic zirconia crowns were obtained and cemented with RelyX U200. After storage in distilled water at 37°C for 48 h, the specimens were subjected to thermal cycling and to compressive strength mechanical tests. Statistical analyses (α = 0.05) were performed by non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn post hoc, and Fisher's exact tests.

Results

No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed among FOBF, FZ350, and FBFF (mean ranks = 20.30, 12.20, and 23.20, respectively). LCZ (mean rank = 26.30) produced results similar to those of FOBF and FBFF (p > 0.05) and higher than those of FZ350 (p = 0.042). The most frequent type of failure was irreparable, regardless of the experimental condition. The lowest percentages of reparable fractures were produced by FOBF group (10%).

Conclusions

The use of bulk fill materials, including the “core‐and‐post” LCZ dual‐cure resin composite, did not impair the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth with coronal destruction.

Clinical significance

Resin composite bulk fill materials that can be used as a core‐and‐post cementation in an only stage are interesting, since they enable clinicians to work with one only material, and avoid several materials interfaces, technical sensitivity, and longer chair‐time due to multistep procedures.
Stress distribution of a novel bundle fiber post with curved roots and oval canals
Authors: Yanık Deniz , Turker Nurullah
Published: November 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the stress distribution of teeth with curved and straight roots with oval and round canals restored with the bundle and conventional post systems.

Material and methods

Six three‐dimensional premolars were modeled with round and oval canals, and curved roots using the software. The bundle post and the round posts were modeled. All post models were placed on the canals. The models were subjected to 200 N oblique loading. The results were evaluated by von Mises stresses.

Results

This study demonstrated that the bundle post showed higher stress values compared to the conventional post. The stresses in the oval canal were higher than those in the round canal. The highest stress values were found in the curved roots. The stress distribution on the curved roots was observed in the middle and apical third of the canal.

Conclusion

The bundle post presented higher stress compared to conventional posts. Besides, a more uniform stress distribution was observed in the bundle groups.

Clinical significance

When a post was required in extremely irregular, wide canals and curved roots, the bundle post was the material of choice. Canal and root morphology influenced stress distribution.
Effectiveness of an adaptive flood management strategy using riparian risk assessment and a tolerability criterion
Authors: Shin Eun Taek , Lee Sangeun , Lee Jongso , Song Chang Geun
Published: November 2021

Owing to climate change, torrential rains and typhoons have become more frequent. However, to cope with this threat, conventional flood management suffers from limitations and difficulties because of the practice of uniform flood prevention measures being applied to all stream sections according to river grade classification. A wide array of measures should be considered to differentiate flood protection targets: adaptive flood management strategy is one such effort. One obstacle, however, to introducing such a measure is lack of clarity over how to divide quantitatively the degree of risk from flooding. In this study, we undertook quantitative risk assessment to determine the risk level in a riparian zone. We compared our results with statistically derived societal risk limits to determine whether the risk level was acceptable within the framework of the tolerance risk limit. We found that the flood risk could be reduced through adaptive flood management.
The Intrauterine Device Experience Among Transgender and Gender‐Diverse Individuals Assigned Female at Birth
Authors: Abern Lauren , Krempasky Chance , Diego Daniela , De Guzman Glendell , Kiely Kristen , Cook Jake , Maguire Karla
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a long‐acting and highly efficacious form of contraception that can also be used for menstrual suppression. Although IUD use is increasing, the type chosen, appeal, and satisfaction among individuals who are transgender and gender diverse and assigned female at birth (TGD‐AFAB) is unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate IUD usage among TGD‐AFAB individuals.

Methods

TGD‐AFAB individuals who had an IUD for a minimum of 6 months at the time of completing the survey or had one in the past completed an anonymous online survey. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results

One hundred and five TGD‐AFAB individuals completed the survey. Among participants who were sexually active, 88% reported they were in a relationship in which it was possible to get pregnant. There were 85 individuals who currently had an IUD: 62 (73%) chose a 52‐mg levonorgestrel (LNG) IUD, 5 (6%) chose a lower‐dose LNG IUD, 17 (20%) chose the copper IUD, and one chose an IUD unavailable in the United States. Menstrual suppression was the primary reason for choosing a 52‐mg LNG IUD (58%). Most individuals who opted for a copper IUD did so to avoid hormonal contraception (71%). Participants reported experiencing IUD side effects; however, few desired removal. Among the 36 respondents who had an IUD in the past, the most frequent reasons for removal were expiration of the device (LNG IUDs) and undesired side effects (copper IUD). Approximately half of participants who had an IUD removed had it replaced with another IUD.

Discussion

Pregnancy can occur among TGD‐AFAB individuals even if they are on testosterone and amenorrheic. IUDs are well tolerated in this population, with few current users desiring removal for unwanted side effects. Clinicians should counsel TGD‐AFAB individuals about the contraceptive and noncontraceptive benefits of IUDs and expected side effects.
Investigating predictors of self‐care behavior among homebound older adults: The role of self‐efficacy, eHealth literacy, and perceived social support
Authors: Wong Arkers Kwan Ching , Bayuo Jonathan , Wong Frances Kam Yuet
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the predictors of self‐care behavior among homebound older adults using the Health Empowerment theory as a framework.

Design

This was a cross‐sectional, predictive correlational study.

Methods

Sixty‐eight participants were randomly selected from five Hong Kong community centers from May 21, 2020 through July 20, 2020. Self‐care behaviors were assessed using the Chinese version of Partners in Health. Self‐efficacy, eHealth literacy, and perceived social support were assessed as potential predictors of self‐care behaviors. A multiple linear regression analysis was adopted to examine the predictive effects.

Results

The age of the sample ranged from 61 to 85 years (mean = 71.7, SD = 6.0). Participants who reported having sufficient or more than sufficient financial resources had better self‐care behaviors than those who claimed to have insufficient financial resources (F = 5.08, p = 0.009). Statistically significant correlations were found between the participants’ eHealth literacy (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), perceived social support (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), and self‐care behaviors. eHealth literacy (β = 0.13, p = 0.007) and perceived social support (β = 0.13, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of self‐care behaviors. Collectively, the three variables accounted for 41% of the variances in self‐care behaviors.

Conclusions

The findings in this study suggest that eHealth literacy and perceived social support are two key factors that predicted the self‐care behaviors of this vulnerable population.

Clinical relevance

In this technological era, the use of eHealth, together with enhanced social support, can lead to better self‐care among older adults, particularly those who are homebound.
Treatment protocols and efficacy of combined laser with medical treatment modalities in vitiligo
Authors: Mohammadi Saman , Amiri Rezvan , Khalili Maryam , Iranmanesh Behzad , Aflatoonian Mahin
Published: November 2021

Backgrounds

Nowadays, lasers are used for treatment of vitiligo in difficult‐to‐treat areas and refractory lesions. Combination of lasers with other medical modalities can provide higher efficacy, faster response rate, and higher compliance of patients to treatment.

Aim

In this article, we reviewed articles regarding safety, efficacy, and treatment protocols of combined laser with other medical modalities.

Methods

We searched articles with relevant key words in Google scholar and PubMed. Inclusion criteria were articles in English language since January 2000 until March 2021that evaluate combination of laser with other topical or systemic medical treatments.

Results

A total of 42 articles evaluated efficacy of lasers [excimer, carbon dioxide (CO2), erbium‐doped yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG), and non‐ablative resurfacing laser] combined with topical or systemic medical treatment modalities. Effective response rate (more than 50% improvement) varied between 7.7% and 92%. Initial repigmentation observed between 4 and 13 weeks after beginning of treatment.

Conclusion

Combination of laser with medical modalities leads to more rapid repigmentation, superior efficacy, and better compliance of patients with localized non‐segmental type of vitiligo compared to monotherapy. Combination of excimer laser with topical therapy might be suggested for recalcitrant vitiligo lesions in face and neck. Combination of fractional ablative resurfacing lasers with topical therapy, especially 5‐flurouracil, can be recommended particularly in recalcitrant acral and bony prominent areas. Further studies are required to achieve conclusive evidence in order to define the best stage of vitiligo for laser therapy and most effective combined treatment regimen.
Treating hypothyroidism is not always easy: When to treat subclinical hypothyroidism, TSH goals in the elderly, and alternatives to levothyroxine monotherapy
Authors: Ross Douglas S.
Published: November 2021

The majority of patients with hypothyroidism feel better when levothyroxine treatment restores thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations to normal. Increasingly, a significant minority of patients remain symptomatic and are dissatisfied with their treatment. Overzealous treatment of symptomatic patients with subclinical hypothyroidism may contribute to dissatisfaction among hypothyroidism patients, as potential hypothyroid symptoms in patients with minimal hypothyroidism rarely respond to treatment. Thyroid hormone prescriptions have increased by 30% in the United States in the last decade. The diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism should be confirmed by repeat thyroid function tests ideally obtained at least 2 months later, as 62% of elevated TSH levels may revert to normal spontaneously. Generally, treatment is not necessary unless the TSH exceeds 7.0–10 mIU/L. In double‐blinded randomized controlled trials, treatment does not improve symptoms or cognitive function if the TSH is less than 10 mIU/L. While cardiovascular events may be reduced in patients under age 65 with subclinical hypothyroidism who are treated with levothyroxine, treatment may be harmful in elderly patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. TSH goals are age dependent, with a 97.5 percentile (upper limit of normal) of 3.6 mIU/L for patients under age 40, and 7.5 mIU/L for patients over age 80. In some hypothyroid patients who are dissatisfied with treatment, especially those with a polymorphism in type 2 deiodinase, combined treatment with levothyroxine and liothyronine may be preferred.
Conditional quantile analysis for realized GARCH models
Authors: Kim Donggyu , Oh Minseog , Wang Yazhen
Published: November 2021

This article introduces a novel quantile approach to harness the high‐frequency information and improve the daily conditional quantile estimation. Specifically, we model the conditional standard deviation as a realized generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model and employ conditional standard deviation, realized volatility, realized quantile, and absolute overnight return as innovations in the proposed dynamic quantile models. We devise a two‐step estimation procedure to estimate the conditional quantile parameters. The first step applies a quasi‐maximum likelihood estimation procedure, with the realized volatility as a proxy for the volatility proxy, to estimate the conditional standard deviation parameters. The second step utilizes a quantile regression estimation procedure with the estimated conditional standard deviation in the first step. Asymptotic theory is established for the proposed estimation methods, and a simulation study is conducted to check their finite‐sample performance. Finally, we apply the proposed methodology to calculate the value at risk of 20 individual assets and compare its performance with existing competitors.
Factors determining bryophyte species richness and community composition on insular siliceous erratic boulders in calcareous landscapes
Authors: Hepenstrick Daniel , Bergamini Ariel , Webster Clare , Ginzler Christian , Holderegger Rolf
Published: November 2021

Aim

Pleistocene erratic boulders are rocks that were relocated by glaciers during the Ice Ages. When their geology differs from the geology of the landscape that surrounds them, erratic boulders form habitat islands for regionally rare, edaphically specialised, rock‐dwelling cryptogams (bryophytes, ferns and lichens). Such boulders constitute terrestrial model systems for exploring island biogeographic predictions and the effect of environmental variables on species diversity and community composition, which we studied in order to provide basic knowledge of the ecology, with relevance for the conservation, of these unusual island systems.

Location

Siliceous erratic boulders in the calcareous Swiss Plateau and Jura Mountains.

Methods

For 160 erratic boulders we recorded all bryophyte species and a diverse set of environmental variables. For all species and for specialist species (acidophile rock‐dwellers) separately, we analysed species–area relationships and nestedness, and explored relationships between environmental variables, species diversity and community composition.

Results

We found 138 bryophyte species, 19 of which were specialists of erratic boulders. A steeper species–area curve for boulder specialists than for total species richness underlined the island properties of boulders for specialist species. Large boulders were more likely to harbour numerous boulder specialists and communities on small boulders were nested within the communities present on large boulders. However, at the landscape level small boulders contributed more specialist species than a few large boulders of the same surface area. Erratic boulders near settlements were less likely to harbour boulder specialists. Boulders in open land harboured different and more specialist species than boulders in forests.

Conclusions

Large undisturbed erratic boulders in open land harbour rare bryophyte communities with a large number of specialist species. Conservation should thus prioritise this type of boulders. Furthermore, conserving large boulders is logistically easier, and they may function as flagships for small boulders that also contribute to the biodiversity within landscapes.
A hybrid metaheuristic method for optimization of active tuned mass dampers
Authors: Kayabekir Aylin Ece , Nigdeli Sinan Melih , Bekdaş Gebrail
Published: November 2021

A metaheuristic‐based tuning methodology for the optimization of active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) is presented. The methodology considers both physical parameters of ATMDs and controller parameters of the control algorithm. The employed control algorithm is a proportional–integral–derivative type controller. ATMDs are used in structures in the reduction of structural responses resulted from earthquakes. The proposed methodologies must be feasible for real practices in construction, so consider all physical factors such as stroke capacity, limitation of the active control force, the time delay of the generated control signal, and a time‐saving one. A novel hybrid metaheuristic algorithm that combines the specific advantages of four metaheuristics (harmony search, flower pollination algorithm, teaching‐learning‐based optimization and Jaya algorithm) is proposed for the optimization process. The results of the process showed that ATMDs are more effective for high values strike limitations, compared to TMDs. The feasibility and effectiveness of the optimum control method are also demonstrated on a full‐size 76‐story structure.
Evidence for distinct isotopic compositions of sap and tissue water in tree stems: consequences for plant water source identification
Authors: Barbeta Adrià , Burlett Régis , Martín‐Gómez Paula , Fréjaville Bastien , Devert Nicolas , Wingate Lisa , Domec Jean‐Christophe , Ogée Jérôme
Published: November 2021

The long‐standing hypothesis that the isotopic composition of plant stem water reflects that of source water is being challenged by studies reporting bulk water from woody stems with an isotopic composition that cannot be attributed to any potential water source. The mechanism behind such source–stem water isotopic offsets is still poorly understood.

Using a novel technique to extract selectively sap water from xylem conduits, we show that, in cut stems and potted plants, the isotopic composition of sap water reflects that of irrigation water, demonstrating unambiguously that no isotopic fractionation occurs during root water uptake or sap water extraction. By contrast, water in nonconductive xylem tissues is always depleted in deuterium compared with sap water, irrespective of wood anatomy.

Previous studies have shown that isotopic heterogeneity also exists in soils at the pore scale in which water adsorbed onto soil particles is more depleted in deuterium than unbound water. Data collected at a riparian forest indicated that sap water matches best unbound soil water from depth below −70 cm, while bulk stem and soil water differ markedly.

We conclude that source–stem isotopic offsets can be explained by micrometre‐scale heterogeneity in the isotope ratios of water within woody stems and soil micro‐pores.
Spatial dispersion analysis of LGE‐CMR for prediction of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Aronis Konstantinos N. , Okada David R. , Xie Eric , Daimee Usama A. , Prakosa Adityo , Gilotra Nisha A. , Wu Katherine C. , Trayanova Natalia , Chrispin Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Background

Patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) are at increased risk of life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Current approaches to risk stratification have limited predictive value.

Objectives

To assess the utility of spatial dispersion analysis of late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE‐CMR), as a quantitative measure of myocardial tissue heterogeneity, in risk stratifying patients with CS for VA and death.

Methods

Sixty two patients with CS underwent LGE‐CMR. LGE images were segmented and dispersion maps of the left and right ventricles were generated as follows. Based on signal intensity (SI), each pixel was categorized as abnormal (SI ≥3SD above the mean), intermediate (SI 1–3 SD above the mean) or normal (SI <1SD above the mean); and each pixel was then assigned a value of 0 to 8 based on the number of adjacent pixels of a different category. Average dispersion score was calculated for each patient. The primary endpoint was VA during follow up. The composite of VA or death was assessed as a secondary endpoint.

Results

During 4.7 ± 3.5 years of follow up, six patients had VA, and five without documented VA died. Average dispersion score was significantly higher in patients with VA versus those without (0.87 ± 0.08 vs. 0.71 ± 0.16; p = .002) and in patients with events versus those without (0.83 ± 0.08 vs. 0.70 ± 0.16; p = .003). Patients at higher tertiles of dispersion score had a higher incidence of VA (p = .03) and the composite of VA or death (p = .01).

Conclusions

Increased substrate heterogeneity, quantified by spatial dispersion analysis of LGE‐CMR, may be helpful in risk‐stratifying patients with CS for adverse events, including life‐threatening arrhythmias.
Error traps in pediatric one‐lung ventilation
Authors: Lazar Alina , Chatterjee Debnath , Templeton Thomas Wesley
Published: November 2021

With the advent of thoracoscopic surgery, the benefits of lung isolation in children have been increasingly recognized. However, because of the small airway dimensions, equipment limitations in size and maneuverability, and limited respiratory reserve, one‐lung ventilation in children remains challenging. This article highlights some of the most common error traps in the management of pediatric lung isolation and focuses on practical solutions for their management. The error traps discussed are as follows: (1) the failure to take into consideration relevant aspects of tracheobronchial anatomy when selecting the size of the lung isolation device, (2) failure to execute correct placement of the device chosen for lung isolation, (3) failure to maintain lung isolation related to surgical manipulation and isolation device movement, (4) failure to select appropriate ventilator strategies during one‐lung ventilation, and (5) failure to appropriately manage and treat hypoxemia in the setting of one‐lung ventilation.
Should I GROW or should I SLOW: A meta‐analysis of fast‐growing tree‐species grown in cadmium perturbed environment
Authors: Župunski Milan , Arsenov Danijela , Borišev Milan , Nikolić Nataša , Pajević Slobodanka
Published: November 2021

Variations in soil chemical composition may lead to disturbances in plant growth and survival. Which strategies of biomass allocation fast‐growing species acquire to overcome the disturbances in the rhizosphere remains an open research challenge. We conducted a series of greenhouse pot experiments to collect enough experimental evidence to elucidate the answer. A tiered analytical approach was applied to collected data to fingerprint both the intraspecies and interspecies differences. We investigated the biomass allocation patterns in Robinia pseudoacacia L., Populus × euramericana, Populus deltoides, Salix alba, Salix matsudana Koidz., and Salix viminalis L. (18 fast‐growing genotypes in total) under cadmium‐free and cadmium‐perturbed soil conditions. Further, we explored the intraspecific and interspecific differences between tested plants and looked for different strategies employed under perturbed conditions. We show that fast‐growing species tend to strengthen their roots toward the Cd triggered perturbances in the rhizosphere and allocate more biomass to that plant organ/part. Intraspecies analyses pointed to differences in resource use efficiency and acquisition strategy based on specific leaf area, pointing toward P. deltoides genotypes PE19/66 and PD3, and S. alba B44 as strong, fast‐growing oriented genotypes. Others exhibited more or less a conservative resource use and acquisition strategy under perturbed conditions. Our study highlights the intraspecies and interspecies specificity of fast‐growing species to Cd occurrence in the rhizosphere. Association of growth traits and Cd‐related traits tested with structural equation model highlighted the shoots bioconcentration index as a proxy‐trait which directly interplay with the functional traits performance and modify the biomass shift.
Integrative signaling of hydrogen peroxide and gibberellin on Zn‐mediated alleviation of thermodormancy in sorghum seeds
Authors: Gomes Marcelo Pedrosa , Bicalho Elisa Monteze , Garcia Queila Souza
Published: November 2021

Increasing global temperatures could result in decreasing crop production by decreasing seed germination in the field due to thermodormancy acquisition. Certain metals appear to modulate seed thermodormancy, although the exact mechanisms of that effect have not yet been elucidated. We report here the effects of Zn on the thermodormancy of sorghum seeds. Seeds treated with 0 or 200 mg Zn L−1 were germinated at optimal (30°C) and supra‐optimal (40°C) temperatures and their germinability and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. The integrative effects of Zn, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and H2O2 on the physiology of seed thermodormancy were examined. The supra‐optimal germination temperature (40°C) induced seed thermodormancy, which was, however, alleviated by treatment with 200 mg Zn L−1. Thermodormancy acquired at supra‐optimal temperatures in sorghum seeds must reflect de novo synthesis and accumulation of ABA. Although Zn treatment did not prevent ABA accumulation, it increased the activities of mitochondrial ETC enzymes and decreased the antioxidant enzymes' activity, leading to the accumulation of H2O2. By increasing mitochondria activity and H2O2 production, Zn may induce GA synthesis and alleviate thermodormancy in sorghum seeds. The pretreatment of sorghum seeds with Zn may therefore improve seed germination and assure increased crop performance under normal (30°C) or rising (up to 40°C) temperatures.
Poverty and vulnerability in Mozambique: An analysis of dynamics and correlates in light of the Covid‐19 crisis using synthetic panels
Authors: Salvucci Vincenzo , Tarp Finn
Published: November 2021

This study aims at providing new insights into poverty, vulnerability, and their correlates in Mozambique, applying synthetic panels techniques and expanding on earlier analyses. Our results suggest that there is a high degree of poverty immobility, especially in rural areas in the northern and central regions and for low‐educated people. Even nonpoor households are at a high risk to vulnerability, and this risk does not differ much for households in urban/rural areas or in different regions or with different education levels. We also observe that a large portion of the population remains in or out of poverty over the entire year, with a higher percentage of individuals moving into poverty between the dry and the rainy seasons and a nonnegligible proportion of vulnerable people not managing to revert to nonpoverty in the subsequent dry season. Overall, these findings are highly relevant for designing anti‐poverty policies and strategies, as they provide information on intra‐year shocks and on some of the characteristics related to upward and downward mobility over longer time spans, also with regard to the recent Covid‐19 and other recent shocks suffered by the country.
Factor intensity reversals redux: Feenstra is right!
Authors: Kiyota Kozo , Kurokawa Yoshinori
Published: November 2021

Two‐ or more‐factor general equilibrium models commonly assume no factor intensity reversals (FIRs): a good that is relatively capital intensive compared with other goods within a country/region is also relatively capital intensive within another country/region. This assumption is so important that its breakdown results in the collapse of several well‐known theorems, such as the Heckscher–Ohlin theorem and the Stolper–Samuelson theorem. Seeing a recent observation, however, Feenstra (2015, Advanced international trade: Theory and evidence (2nd ed.), Princeton University Press) argues that FIRs are quite realistic. Our nonparametric test finds that recent regional‐level data support his view. At the two‐digit industry level, the degree of FIRs among regions is higher than those found in previous studies, which is accompanied by wide differences in relative factor prices among regions. The degree has also increased over the last two decades. FIRs are even stronger at the disaggregated four‐digit industry level and, though not many, exist at the two‐aggregated‐industry level as well. At all the three levels, FIRs do not disappear even when we take into account other factors such as human capital and land. Thus, considering a model without restrictions on FIRs might be a possible direction of research.
Dental management of a pediatric patient with Kohlschutter‐Tonz syndrome: A case report
Authors: Kulkarni Roopali , Caster Jacqueline M. , Robin Alec , Hajishengallis Evlambia , Stoopler Eric T. , Tanaka Takako I.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Kohlschutter‐Tonz syndrome (KTS) is a rare, genetic condition, which typically manifests as a triad of symptoms: 1) amelogenesis imperfecta, 2) infantile onset epilepsy, and 3) intellectual disability. The condition poses dental treatment challenges given the manifestation of amelogenesis imperfecta. Additional considerations are needed to medically manage these patients who present with epilepsy and intellectual disability.

Case Report

Our patient presented with multiple restorative needs, was treated under general anesthesia, and maintained good oral outcomes with close follow‐up.

Discussion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report which documents comprehensive dental management of a pediatric patient with KTS.
Opioid use as a proximal risk factor for suicidal behavior in young adults
Authors: Marengo Laura , Douaihy Antoine , Zhong Yongqi , Krancevich Katie , Brummit Bradley , Sakolsky Dara , Deal Meredith , Zelazny Jamie , Goodfriend Eli , Saul Melissa , Murata Stephen , Thoma Brian , Mansour Hader , Tew Jamie , Ahmed Nadeem , Marsland Anna , Brent David , Melhem Nadine M.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

There is a concomitant rise in suicide rates with the prevalence of opioids involved in overdose deaths, especially among adolescents and young adults. However, there are limited studies on whether opioid use prospectively predicts suicidal behavior in youth.

Methods

Our sample included 183 psychiatric patients (18–30 years) admitted for a suicide attempt (SA), have current suicidal ideation (SI), and psychiatric controls without ideation or attempt (PC). Suicidal behavior was assessed using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. We also recruited a healthy control group (HC; n = 40). Patients and controls were followed over a year. ANOVA, regression, and cox regression were used.

Results

Suicide attempt (β = 0.87, CI [0.1–1.6], p = 0.02) and SI [(β = 0.75, CI [0.03–1.5], p = 0.04) were significantly more likely than HCs to have used opioids in the past year at baseline. Opioid use was associated with increased anxiety symptoms (β = 0.75, CI [0.001–1.5], p = 0.05), PTSD symptoms (β = 3.90, CI [1.1–6.7], p = 0.01), and aggression (β = 0.02, CI [0.01–0.04], p = 0.02). Opioid use in the month prior to hospitalization predicted SA at 6 months (OR = 1.87, CI [1.06–3.31], p = 0.032).

Conclusions

Opioid use is a proximal predictor for SA. These findings may help clinicians better identify patients at risk for suicidal behavior, allowing for more personalized treatment approaches.
Molecular phylogeny of Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) constructed using genome skimming
Authors: Magnussen Trude , Johnsen Arild , Kjærandsen Jostein , Struck Torsten H. , Søli Geir E. E.
Published: November 2021

In this study, we use low‐coverage shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA, commonly referred to as genome skimming, to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the fungus gnat genus Allodia Winnertz (Mycetophilidae, Mycetophilinae, Exechiini). Nineteen specimens, representing 16 in‐group and three outgroup taxa, were successfully sequenced and molecular markers of both mitochondrial and nuclear origin were retrieved. The phylogenetic analyses of 13 protein‐coding mitochondrial genes, two ribosomal mitochondrial genes and the nuclear ribosomal 18S and 28S strongly support the monophyly of its two subgenera Allodia s.s. and Brachycampta. Complete mitochondrial genomes of 15 species were assembled, which enables further comparisons with the mitochondrial genomes of other Diptera. Overall, the methodology used in this study proved successful and promising for other dipteran groups. In addition to the phylogenetic reconstruction, the morphological characters previously used to separate the two subgenera were evaluated and re‐examined. Together with the composite structure of the male genitalia, we consider details of the scutal bristles appropriate for separating the two groups. Based on the achieved results, we reinstate Brachycampta stat. rev. as a separate genus.
Thermal regime and slab dehydration beneath the Izu‐Bonin arc: Implications for fast and slow subduction earthquakes
Authors: Zhu Weiling , Ji Yingfeng , Qu Rui , Xie Chaodi , Yoshioka Shoichi , Zeng Deng
Published: November 2021

The transition from cold forearc to hot arc is considered fundamental to subduction dynamics. However, the range and depth of the cold nose changing significantly along the strike are difficult to constrain. By incorporating the three‐dimensional high‐resolution slab topography and MORVEL plate motion field to constrain thermomechanical modelling, we estimate the subduction thermal state and petrological dehydration in Izu‐Bonin. The multilayered hydrothermal regime gradually transitions from cold to less cold forearc, associated with a large‐scale subduction dewatering process varying along the strike. The dehydration embrittlement resulting from eclogitization and harzburgitization influences the occurrence of fast to slow earthquakes on megathrusts. Impressively, the cold nose is constrained to a depth of 60 km between the arc and Moho‐depth plate interface. The lowered temperature and delay of rock harzburgitization in the cold center of the subducted plate at depth contribute to the occurrence of deep earthquakes below the hot backarc interface.
A Repeated Commuting Driving Cycle Dataset With Application to Short-Term Vehicle Velocity Forecasting
Authors: Liu Yuanzhi , Zhang Jie
Published: November 2021

Vehicle velocity forecasting plays a critical role in operation scheduling of varying systems and devices for a passenger vehicle. The forecasted information serves as an indispensable prerequisite for vehicle energy management via predictive control algorithms or vehicle ecosystem control Co-design. This paper first generates a repeated urban driving cycle dataset at a fixed route in the Dallas area, aiming to simulate a daily commuting route and serves as a base for further energy management study. To explore the dynamic properties, these driving cycles are piecewise divided into cycle segments via intersection/stop identification. A vehicle velocity forecasting model pool is then developed for each segment, including the hidden Markov chain model, long short-term memory network, artificial neural network, support vector regression, and similarity methods. To further improve the forecasting performance, higher-level algorithms like localized model selection, ensemble approaches, and a combination of them are investigated and compared. Results show that (i) the segment-based forecast improves the forecasting accuracy by up to 20.1%, compared to the whole cycle-based forecast, and (ii) the hybrid localized model framework that combines dynamic model selection and an ensemble approach could further improve the accuracy by 9.7%. Moreover, the potential of leveraging the stopping location at an intersection to estimate the waiting time is also evaluated in this study.
Application of Dynamic Mode Decomposition to Study Temporal Flow Behavior in a Saccular Aneurysm
Authors: Yu Paulo , Durgesh Vibhav
Published: November 2021

Aneurysms are abnormal expansion of weakened blood vessels which can cause mortality or long-term disability upon rupture. Several studies have shown that inflow conditions spatially and temporally influence aneurysm flow behavior. The objective of this investigation is to identify impact of inflow conditions on spatio-temporal flow behavior in an aneurysm using dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). For this purpose, low-frame rate velocity field measurements are performed in an idealized aneurysm model using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The inflow conditions are precisely controlled using a ViVitro SuperPump system where nondimensional fluid parameters such as peak Reynolds number (Rep) and Womersely number (α) are varied from 50–270 and 2–5, respectively. The results show the ability of DMD to identify the spatial flow structures and their frequency content. Furthermore, DMD captured the impact of inflow conditions, and change in mode shapes, amplitudes, frequency, and growth rate information is observed. The DMD low-order flow reconstruction also showed the complex interplay of flow features for each inflow scenario. Furthermore, the low-order reconstruction results provided a mathematical description of the flow behavior in the aneurysm which captured the vortex formation, evolution, and convection in detail. These results indicated that the vortical structure behavior varied with the change in α while its strength and presence of secondary structures are influenced by the change in Rep.
Examining the Dynamic Nature of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk Factors in Women’s Collegiate Soccer
Authors: D’Argenio Elena M. , Eckard Timothy G. , Frank Barnett S. , Prentice William E. , Padua Darin A.
Published: November 2021

Context:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a common and devastating injury in women’s soccer. Several risk factors for ACL injury have been identified, but have not yet been examined as potentially dynamic risk factors, which may change throughout a collegiate soccer season.Design:Prospective cohort study.Methods:Nine common clinical screening assessments for ACL injury risk, consisting of range of motion, movement quality, and power, were assessed in 29 Division I collegiate women’s soccer players. Preseason and midseason values were compared for significant differences. Change scores for each risk factor were also correlated with cumulative training loads during the first 10 weeks of a competitive soccer season.Results:Hip external rotation range of motion and power had statistically significant and meaningful differences at midseason compared with preseason, indicating they are dynamic risk factors. There were no significant associations between the observed risk factor changes and cumulative training load.Conclusions:Hip external rotation range of motion and power are dynamic risk factors for ACL injury in women’s collegiate soccer athletes. Serial screening of these risk factors may elucidate stronger associations with injury risk and improve prognostic accuracy of screening tools.
Adhesion G protein–coupled receptor Gpr126/Adgrg6 is essential for placental development
Authors: Torregrosa-Carrión Rebeca , Piñeiro-Sabarís Rebeca , Siguero-Álvarez Marcos , Grego-Bessa Joaquím , Luna-Zurita Luis , Fernandes Vitor Samuel , MacGrogan Donal , Stainier Didier Y. R. , de la Pompa José Luis
Published: November 2021

Mouse and zebrafish genetic experiments demonstrate GPR126 requirement for placentation and dispensability for heart development.
TRAF6 prevents fatal inflammation by homeostatic suppression of MALT1 protease
Authors: O’Neill Thomas J. , Seeholzer Thomas , Gewies Andreas , Gehring Torben , Giesert Florian , Hamp Isabel , Graß Carina , Schmidt Henrik , Kriegsmann Katharina , Tofaute Marie J. , Demski Katrin , Poth Tanja , Rosenbaum Marc , Schnalzger Theresa , Ruland Jürgen , Göttlicher Martin , Kriegsmann Mark , Naumann Ronald , Heissmeyer Vigo , Plettenburg Oliver , Wurst Wolfgang , Krappmann Daniel
Published: November 2021

TRAF6 maintains immune homeostasis by preventing deregulated activation of the MALT1 paracaspase in T cells.
Supplemental Material: The protoliths of central Himalayan eclogites
Authors: Zhang Guibin , al. et
Published: November 2021

Tables S1–S7, Figures S1 and S2.
Adjuvant radiotherapy in a case of atypical meningioma after gross total resection: an unresolved issue
Authors: Bhaskaran Abhijith , Sethi Pooja , Muthulingesh Kumar , Ananthakrishnan Ramesh
Published: November 2021

We present a case of a 48-year-old man diagnosed with parasagittal atypical meningioma (AM) involving biparietal bones with intracranial and extracranial extension up to galea aponeurotica of the scalp. The patient underwent Simpson’s grade 2 resection (GTR (gross total tumour resection) with coagulation of dural attachment). Currently, in AMs, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy is controversial after GTR. Here, through this case, we have discussed in detail issues related to tumour origin, that is, primary versus secondary extradural meningioma and controversial topics regarding the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in the management of AMs. We have presented our radiation treatment strategy addressing the high-risk zones related to tumour extension in this case.