bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training loads and practices of competitive organ-recipients at the British and World Transplant Games
Authors: Hames Thomas , Leddington-Wright Sheila , Thake C. Douglas , De Smet Stefan , Price Mike
Published: November 2024

Background

Little information is available regarding the TL and training practices of competitive athletes who are solid-organ recipients. This study characterized TL and practices of competitive organ-recipients at the British and World Transplant Games, 2017.

Methods

Questionnaire data was gathered from 220 participants regarding sporting events and type, frequency, duration and intensity of training sessions undertaken. TL for each training session (session duration × session rating of perceived exertion [RPE]) and total TL were determined.

Results

Overall participants trained 5 ± 3 times per week at an RPE of 5 ± 2 AU for between 60 and 75 min per session (TL ∼1,500–1,875 AU). Most participants (n = 176; 79.7%) reported training three or more times each week. Approximately half (49%) the participants reported undertaking resistance training each week (3 ± 2 sessions per week, RPE of 6 ± 2 AU, 45–60 min per session; TL ∼810–1,080 AU, respectively). Of those participants undertaking resistance training 75% undertook two or more sessions each week. Participants generally undertook most events within a predominant sport with one or two events in a secondary sport. Typical weekly TL for the whole group was 2,762 ± 3,583 AU with considerable variation within and across sports (cycling 4,383 ± 4,005 AU; field athletics 3,671 ± 6,181 AU; court-based sports 2,645 ± 3,308 AU; high physical demand sports [e.g., skiing, triathlon] 2,595 + 2,247 AU; track athletics 2,547 ± 2,664 AU; swimming 2,091 ± 1,070 AU; low physical demand sports [e.g., darts, petanque, walking] 1,182 + 801 AU). Sports-specific TL for predominant and secondary sports was ∼1,500 AU. Resistance training and gym-based aerobic training were the most frequent non-specific training components undertaken. Most competitors (79%) were active in sport prior to transplant.

Conclusion

The wide range of TL and components undertaken by athletes with solid-organ transplants likely reflects the multiple and diverse event participation of competitive organ-recipients as well as the diverse physical fitness profiles and incentives to participate. Optimization of TL both for multiple competitive sports and maintenance of health should be considered for these athletes.
Case Report: Robotic Repair of a Perineal Hernia Following Abdominoperineal Resection
Authors: Brune Madison , Hotop Austin , Silliman William , Bartow Kevin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Perineal hernias, protrusions through the pelvic diaphragm, are a rare complication post-abdominoperineal resection. The shift to extralevator APR techniques could be linked to a potential increase in these hernias. This case series evaluates the surgical management of perineal hernias, focusing on the evolving role of robotic surgery. Given the limited existing research on robotic repairs in this context, it highlights its potential as an innovative approach.

Presentation of Case

In a case series, we report three patients who underwent robotic abdominoperineal resection (APR) for rectal and anal canal carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. The 65-year-old female developed a perineal hernia 7 months post-operatively, the 67-year-old male after 4 years, and the 63-year-old female presented with a recurrent perineal hernia post-APR with gracilis flap reconstruction. All patients underwent successful robotic hernia repairs with mesh placement and demonstrated symptomatic improvement post-operatively.

Discussion

Perineal hernia management lacks a standardized protocol, with methods ranging from open to laparoscopic techniques. A review of recent literature suggests increasing favorability towards laparoscopic and robotic approaches due to their less invasive nature. Our cases demonstrate the advantages of robotic surgery’s precision and improved visualization, supporting its use in perineal hernia repair, although more research is needed to confirm.

Conclusion

Robotic-assisted surgery for perineal hernia repair post-APR shows promise, enhancing the benefits of laparoscopic methods. This series underlines the potential of this approach, though further investigation in larger studies is essential to establish its advantages.
Donor-Specific Antibodies Targeting a Repeated Eplet Mismatch and Outcome After Kidney Retransplantation
Authors: Arches Caroline , Usureau Cédric , Anglicheau Dany , Hertig Alexandre , Jalal-Eddine Arwa , Zaidan Mohamad , Taupin Jean-Luc , Snanoudj Renaud
Published: November 2024

Kidney retransplantations are associated with an increased risk of rejection and reduced graft survival compared to first transplantations, notably due to HLA sensitization. The impact of repeated eplet mismatches on retransplantation outcome has not been investigated. We retrospectively assessed the risk of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) and graft loss associated with preformed DSA targeting Repeated Eplet MisMatches (DREMM) in sensitized patients undergoing kidney retransplantation. We included 45 retransplanted patients with preformed DSA against the second donor. We determined HLA incompatibilities at the eplet levels, and the eplet target of the DSA using HLAMatchmaker®. Repeated mismatches were more frequent at the eplet (87%) than at the antigenic level (22%), but were not associated with the risk of ABMR. The eplet specificity of the DSA revealed that 60% of patients (n = 27) had DREMM. The presence of DREMM was associated with a higher frequency of ABMR (70% versus 28%, P = 0.005) and with a lower death-censored graft survival (log-rank test, P = 0.01). However, in multivariate Cox model, we could not show that DREMM were associated with the risk of ABMR. In conclusion, this study suggests that identifying DREMM may be an interesting clinical tool, however further larger studies are necessary to precise their exact predictive value.
Alterations in Glutathione Redox Homeostasis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cesarini Lucia , Grignaffini Flavia , Alisi Anna , Pastore Anna
Published: November 2024

Low molecular weight (LMW) thiols, particularly glutathione, play pathogenic roles in various multiorgan diseases. The liver is central for the production and systemic distribution of LMW thiols; thus, it is particularly susceptible to the imbalance of redox status that may determine increased oxidative stress and trigger the liver damage observed in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) models and humans. Indeed, increased LMW thiols at the cellular and extracellular levels may be associated with the severity of MASLD. Here, we present a systematic literature review of recent studies assessing the levels of LMW thiols in MASLD in in vivo and in vitro models and human subjects. Based on the PRISMA 2020 criteria, a search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus by applying inclusion/exclusion filters. The initial search returned 1012 documents, from which 165 eligible studies were selected, further described, and qualitatively analysed. Of these studies, most focused on animal and cellular models, while a minority used human fluids. The analysis of these studies revealed heterogeneity in the methods of sample processing and measurement of LMW thiol levels, which hinder cut-off values for diagnostic use. Standardisation of the analysis and measure of LMW thiol is necessary to facilitate future studies.
Role of Oxidative Stress in Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Kim Sehwan , Jung Un Ju , Kim Sang Ryong
Published: November 2024

Upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is a principal feature observed in the brains of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In these diseases, oxidative stress can disrupt the blood–brain barrier (BBB). This disruption allows neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and pathogens to enter the brain, leading to increased ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. Collectively, these factors result in protein modification, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and, ultimately, neural cell damage. In this review article, we present the mechanisms by which oxidative damage leads to BBB breakdown in brain diseases. Additionally, we summarize potential therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing oxidative damage that contributes to BBB disruption in neurodegenerative diseases.
Association Between Oxidative Potential of Particulate Matter Collected by Personal Samplers and Systemic Inflammation Among Asthmatic and Non-Asthmatic Adults
Authors: Santibáñez Miguel , Ruiz-Cubillán Juan José , Expósito Andrea , Agüero Juan , García-Rivero Juan Luis , Abascal Beatriz , Amado Carlos Antonio , Ruiz-Azcona Laura , Lopez-Hoyos Marcos , Irure Juan , Robles Yolanda , Berja Ana , Barreiro Esther , Núñez-Robainas Adriana , Cifrián José Manuel , Fernandez-Olmo Ignacio
Published: November 2024

With the rationale that the oxidative potential of particulate matter (PM-OP) may induce oxidative stress and inflammation, we conducted the ASTHMA-FENOP study in which 44 asthmatic patients and 37 matched controls wore a personal sampler for 24 h, allowing the collection of fine and coarse PM fractions separately, to determine PM-OP by the dithiothreitol (DTT) and ascorbic acid (AA) methods. The levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the IL-6/IL-10 ratio, as indicators of pro- and anti-inflammatory statuses, were determined by calculating the mean differences (MDs), odds ratios (ORs) and p-trends adjusted for sex, age, study level and body mass index. Positive associations for IL-6 levels in the form of adjusted MDs and ORs were obtained for all PM-OP metrics, reaching statistical significance for both OP-DTT and OP-AA in the fine fraction, with adjusted OR = 5.66; 95%CI (1.46 to 21.92) and 3.32; 95%CI (1.07 to 10.35), respectively, along with statistically significant dose–response patterns when restricting to asthma and adjusted also for clinical variables (adjusted p-trend = 0.029 and 0.01). Similar or stronger associations and dose–response patterns were found for the IL-6/IL-10 ratio. In conclusion, our findings on the effect of PM-OP on systemic inflammation support that asthma is a heterogeneous disease at the molecular level, with PM-OP potentially playing an important role.
Synergistic ROS Reduction Through the Co-Inhibition of BRAF and p38 MAPK Ameliorates Senescence
Authors: Kuk Myeong Uk , Kim Duyeol , Lee Yun Haeng , Yoon Jee Hee , Park Ji Ho , Lee Yoo Jin , So Byeong Hyeon , Kim Minseon , Kwon Hyung Wook , Byun Youngjoo , Park Joon Tae
Published: November 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated damage to macromolecules and cellular organelles is one of the major causes of senescence. Therapeutic strategies that lower ROS levels have been proposed as important treatments for senescence, but effective mechanisms for reducing ROS levels have not been discovered. Here, we aimed to find a combination that has a synergistic effect on ROS reduction using senomorphics known to reduce ROS. Combination treatment with BRAF inhibitor SB590885 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 showed a synergistic effect on ROS reduction compared to treatment with either drug alone. The synergistic effect of ROS reduction through this combination led to a synergistic effect that restored mitochondrial function and ameliorated senescence-associated phenotypes. To elucidate the underlying mechanism by which the synergistic effect of the two drugs reverses senescence, we performed RNA sequencing and identified metallothionein 2A (MT2A) as a key gene. MT2A was upregulated in response to combination therapy, and overexpression of MT2A led to a decrease in ROS and subsequent recovery of senescence-associated phenotypes, similar to the effects of combination therapy. Taken together, we found a drug combination that showed synergistic effects on ROS reduction, which contributed to the recovery of senescence-associated phenotypes through MT2A gene regulation. This study opens up a new avenue in aging research by demonstrating that combination therapy with existing senomorphics can enhance the ability to reverse senescence and that similar reversal effects can be achieved through gene regulation regulated by combination therapy.
Antioxidant Capacity, Phenolic Compounds, and Other Constituents of Cold and Hot Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Infusions
Authors: Płatkiewicz Julia , Okołowicz Daniel , Frankowski Robert , Grześkowiak Tomasz , Jeszka-Skowron Magdalena , Zgoła-Grześkowiak Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Yerba mate beverage is prepared from Ilex paraguariensis grown in South America, and its popularity still is increasing. The aim of this study was to show the differences in the content of antioxidant compounds between hot- and cold-prepared mate beverages. The antioxidant capacity of the infusions was tested using the Folin–Ciocalteu, ABTS, and DPPH assays. A comprehensive analysis of different phenolic and other constituents was performed with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The hot-prepared infusions on average contain considerably more active compounds than the cold-prepared infusions, which resulted in greater antioxidant activity of hot-prepared beverages. While the hot-prepared infusions of pure yerba mate contained a similar amount of bioactive compounds as those with different additives, for cold-prepared beverages, greater antioxidant activity was found for samples containing additives. In both conditions, the lowest antioxidant activity was noted for Ilex guayusa, which contained less rutin, caffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids, and theobromine, but more caffeine.
Exploring the Variability in Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Olive Oil By-Products: A Path to Sustainable Valorization
Authors: Paié-Ribeiro Jessica , Baptista Filipa , Gomes Maria José , Teixeira Alfredo , Pinheiro Victor , Outor-Monteiro Divanildo , Barros Ana Novo
Published: November 2024

The olive oil industry generates large volumes of by-products, creating notable environmental and economic concerns. Among these, olive cake (OC)—a primary by-product of olive oil extraction—stands out due to its high content of bioactive compounds and potential for value-added recycling. This study focused on characterizing six OC samples from the Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro regions, collected at different processing times and mills. The samples included two derived from pressing (COC), two from two-phase centrifugation (TPOC; one partially pitted and one dehydrated), and two exhausted OC (EOC) samples. Fundamental analyses assessed total phenols, ortho-diphenols, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and tannin content. Results revealed significant variation (p < 0.05) in phenolic composition, namely ortho-diphenols and flavonoid levels among the samples. EOC 2 exhibited the highest concentrations (19.61, 21.82, and 20.12 mg CAT/g, respectively), while COC 2 had the lowest (5.08, 5.08, and 2.76 mg GA/g, respectively). This correlated with elevated antioxidant activity in EOC 2, as measured by FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays (129.98, 78.00, and 56.65 μmol Trolox/g). In contrast, COC 1 and COC 2 displayed the lowest antioxidant activities (32.61 μmol Trolox/g in FRAP and 17.24 and 18.98 μmol Trolox/g in DPPH). Tannin analysis showed the highest total tannin content in the dehydrated and pitted OC samples (250.31 and 240.89 mg CAT/100 g), with COC 2 showing the lowest (88.17 mg CAT/100 g). Condensed tannin content varied significantly, with EOC 2 presenting the highest level (328.17 mg CAT/100 g) and COC 2 the lowest one (20.56 mg CAT/100 g). Through HPLC-PDA-MS, 22 compounds were identified, with luteolin and verbascoside being particularly prevalent. This in-depth characterization supports the potential valorization of olive by-products, advancing sustainability and promoting a circular economy in the olive oil sector.
Data-Driven and Model-Driven Integration Approach for Optimizing Equipment Safety Investment in Digital Twin Coal Mining Enterprises
Authors: Wang Yunrui , Wang Le , Wang Haoning , Li Rui , Li Wenxuan
Published: November 2024

In coal mining companies, investment in equipment safety plays a crucial role in improving equipment safety and ensuring worker safety. To address issues such as subjective and uncertain equipment safety investment methods leading to irrational resource allocation and poor safety and economic outcomes in coal mining enterprises, a data- and model-driven approach based on digital twin technology is proposed for optimizing safety investment and predicting accident losses in coal mine equipment. The effectiveness of the investment optimization plan is validated by predicting accident losses post-implementation, ensuring maximized safety and economic benefits of the investment plan. Finally, using S company’s equipment safety investment as a case study, the proposed method is validated. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimized investment plan reduces accident losses by 11.73% compared to traditional coal mine equipment safety investment schemes. Furthermore, in accident loss prediction, the IPSO-BP model (R2 = 0.99) outperforms traditional PSO-BP (R2 = 0.96) and BP (R2 = 0.93) models, showing higher accuracy and suitability for accident loss prediction.
Online Attentive Kernel-Based Off-Policy Temporal Difference Learning
Authors: Yang Shangdong , Zhang Shuaiqiang , Chen Xingguo
Published: November 2024

Temporal difference (TD) learning is a powerful framework for value function approximation in reinforcement learning. However, standard TD methods often struggle with feature representation and off-policy learning challenges. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, online attentive kernel-based off-policy TD learning, and in combination with well-known algorithms, introduce OAKGTD2, OAKTDC, and OAKETD. This framework uses two-timescale optimization. In the slow-timescale, a sparse representation of state features is learned using an online attentive kernel-based method. In the fast-timescale, auxiliary variables are used to update the value function parameters under the off-policy setting. We theoretically prove the convergence of all three algorithms. Through experiments conducted in several standard reinforcement learning environments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the improved algorithms and compare their performance with existing algorithms. Specifically, from the perspective of cumulative rewards, the proposed algorithm achieves an average improvement of 15% compared to on-policy algorithms and an average improvement of 25% compared to common off-policy algorithms.
Ex Vivo Fusion Confocal Microscopy of Liver Biopsies: Diagnostic Pattern Identification and Correlation with Conventional Microscopy
Authors: Lopez-Prades Sandra , Fuster-Anglada Carla , Millán Rosana , Ferrer-Fàbrega Joana , Bassegoda Octavi , Boix Loreto , Cuatrecasas Miriam , Díaz Alba
Published: November 2024

Ex vivo Fusion Confocal Microscopy (eFuCM) is a promising new technique for real-time histological diagnosis, requiring minimal tissue preparation and avoiding tissue waste. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of eFuCM in identifying key liver biopsy lesions and patterns, and to assess the impact of eFuCM reading experience on diagnostic accuracy. Twenty-three fresh liver biopsies were analyzed using eFuCM to produce H&E-like digital images, which were reviewed by two pathologists and compared with a conventional H&E diagnosis. The liver architecture was clearly visible on the eFuCM images. Pathologist 1, with no prior eFuCM experience, achieved a substantial agreement with the H&E diagnosis (κ = 0.65), while Pathologist 2, with eFuCM experience, reached almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.88). However, lower agreement levels were found in the evaluation of inflammation. Importantly, tissue preparation for eFuCM did not compromise subsequent conventional histological processing. These findings suggest that eFuCM has great potential as a time- and material-saving tool in liver pathology, though its diagnostic accuracy improves with pathologist experience, indicating that there is a learning curve related to its use.
Multi-Time Scale Optimal Dispatch of Distribution Network with Pumped Storage Station Based on Model Predictive Control
Authors: Pan Pengyu , Wang Zhen , Chen Gang , Shi Huabo , Zha Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

As the penetration of renewable energy increases, the distribution grid faces great challenges in integrating large amounts of distributed energy sources and dealing with their output uncertainty. To address this, a multi-time scale optimal dispatch method based on model predictive control is proposed, including a day-ahead stage and an intra-day rolling stage. In the day-ahead stage, to fully utilize the flexibility of variable speed pumped storage hydropower, the generating/pumping phase modulation condition is considered, not just generating or pumping. Day-ahead optimal dispatch is established with the objective of minimizing the operation economy and node voltage deviation of the distribution network. In the intra-day rolling stage, model predictive control with finite time domain rolling optimal dispatch is used to replace the traditional single-time section optimal dispatch, considering the forecast data of wind, photovoltaic (PV), and load within the finite time domain, so that can respond in advance to smooth the generator output. At the same time, the uncertainty problem of the distribution network is solved effectively by rolling optimization and feedback correction of model predictive control. In order to consider the daily operating capacity balance of energy storage in the intra-day stage, the capacity imbalance penalty is added to the intra-day rolling optimization objective function, so that the energy storage capacity tries to track the results of the day-ahead optimization, achieving the long-term development of energy storage. Simulation analysis proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method enhances the generation–load–storage coordinated dispatching ability, effectively improving the distribution network’s capability to respond to fluctuations of renewable energy.
Exploring the Influence of Avian Vocal Presence on Appraisal of Urban Soundscapes
Authors: Suhanek Mia , Petosic Antonio , Djurek Ivan , Slabbekoorn Hans
Published: November 2024

In this paper, six different acoustic environments with different loudness and sharpness levels were reproduced to two groups of listeners—control and experimental. The difference between the groups was achieved by adding different melodious singing bird sounds to the original recording of a children’s park. Therefore, the recording of the children’s park represents the recording listened to by the control group, while the experimental groups listened to the recordings of a children’s park mixed with different types of bird species. The questionnaire used in this research relies on the semantic differential method implemented by defining bipolar adjective pairs, which are selected in a way that they can significantly describe an auditory and emotional human response to a certain soundscape recording. In analyzing the results, psychological research methodology was used to determine the statistical significance of obtained human feedback, which enabled us to evaluate different acoustic environments appropriately. The calculation and correlation between the objective acoustic parameters (loudness, sharpness, roughness, and fluctuation strength) and subjective questionnaire parameters were carried out. The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of different singing bird species, which are typical for Eastern Europe in terms of human appraisal and overall well-being, especially for participants residing in urban areas where the decline of biodiversity is already present. The results of this type of study could serve as a guideline for restoring and recovering biodiversity in urban areas across Europe; furthermore, it could benefit residents’ mood and overall health.
Evaluation of Human Action Based on Feature-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping
Authors: Yan Mingdie , Liu Xia , Li Zhaoyang , Guo Naiyu
Published: November 2024

Action evaluation can automatically detect abnormal actions by evaluating the quality of human actions in specific postures, which is widely used in the field of rehabilitation medicine. This paper proposes an intelligent rehabilitation action evaluation system to evaluate the quality of patients’ actions during rehabilitation training, which helps medical professionals to more effectively monitor and guide the process, thus improving rehabilitation effects. Firstly, we collected human skeletal key-point data based on a depth camera and processed these data with gap filling and filtering; then, the effective data segments were segmented from the whole action dataset, angle and distance features were extracted, and the feature matrix was obtained; then, we used the Euclidean Barycenter Dynamic Time Warping–Barycenter Averaging algorithm to produce action templates; finally, we proposed a Feature-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping algorithm to calculate the similarity between the detected action and the template action and established an action achievement score mechanism to evaluate the rehabilitation action. The experimental results show that compared with the action evaluation method based on feature-matrix DTW, the proposed method significantly improves the similarity between healthy people and patients, and the similarity improvement for patients is more significant. Based on similarity scores, the difference between the actions of healthy people and patients and the template actions is more than 80%, which shows that the method can evaluate action quality in people with different health conditions and effectively reduce error in action evaluation. The confidence level of the action achievement score mechanism reaches 99%, which meets the actual application requirements.
Optimizing Ventilation Systems in Barcelona Schools: An AHP-Based Assessment for Improved Indoor Air Quality and Comfort
Authors: López-Carreño Rubén-Daniel , Pujadas Pablo , Pardo-Bosch Francesc
Published: November 2024

The success of educational institutions is fundamentally intertwined with the well-being and academic progress of their students. In this context, indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort play a critical role in creating conducive learning environments that support both health and academic performance. This work evaluates six ventilation systems and strategies for enhancing IAQ and thermal comfort, which prevail in educational buildings in the Spanish region of Catalonia. To do so, a multi-criteria analysis is performed based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, considering economic, social, and environmental aspects. Ventilation systems are pairwise compared in terms of six criteria: initial and maintenance cost, classroom air quality, students’ thermal comfort in summer and winter, and energy consumption. Subsequently, weighted combinations of these criteria are established to rank the ventilation systems under five case scenarios. The results indicate that natural ventilation systems, particularly those with atriums and courtyards (N-AAC), offer a balanced solution, achieving satisfactory IAQ and thermal comfort while being more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable in certain contexts. The variation in the best solution across different scenarios demonstrates that the optimal choice is highly context-dependent, influenced by factors such as budget, climate, and infrastructure. This research provides a valuable foundation and methodology for decision-makers in educational institutions, supporting the selection of ventilation systems that maximize sustainability while enhancing students’ comfort and fostering learning environments.
Small-Size Algorithms for Quaternion Discrete Fourier Transform
Authors: Cariow Aleksandr , Majorkowska-Mech Dorota
Published: November 2024

The quaternion discrete Fourier transform (QDFT) is a powerful tool in modern digital signal processing, even though until recently this transformation seemed exotic. In recent years, quite a lot of publications have appeared devoted to effective ways to calculate this transformation. In particular, in one of our previous publications, we presented an economical algorithm for calculating one-dimensional QDFT and showed that this algorithm has the lowest computational complexity among all known algorithms of this type. This generalized algorithm is suitable for computing the QDFT of any sequence in which the number of elements is a power of two. However, as it turned out, there are additional possibilities that make it possible to further reduce the computational complexity of the developed algorithm for each specific N. In this article, we provide some examples of the synthesis of such algorithms for short-length input sequences (samples of signals). In particular, algorithms for N ∊ {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} are presented. A parallel implementation of the proposed algorithm allows for saving more than half of the number of required multipliers in each case compared with the parallel implementation of the naive methods of calculation.
Less Is More: Influence of Cross-Linking Agent Concentration on PFOS Adsorption in Chitosan
Authors: Wittwer Philipp , Roesch Philipp , Vogel Christian , Simon Fabian , Gehrenkemper Lennart , Feldmann Ines , Simon Franz-Georg
Published: November 2024

As a result of the continuous use of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), e.g., in aviation firefighting foams, contamination with PFAS has been found in soil, groundwater, and surface water around thousands of industrial and military installations. Due to their harmful (environmental) potential, further dispersion in the environment needs to be stopped, which can be achieved by appropriate absorption materials. In this work, the influence of the cross-linking agent epichlorohydrin (ECH) concentration on the perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) adsorption capacity of chitosan gel was investigated. It was found that higher ECH concentration during the cross-linking step decreases the PFOS adsorption capacity of the cross-linked chitosan gel from 0% to 4% ECH solution by about 15%. Using a concentration of 1%, ECH resulted still in an acid-stable material, and a maximum PFOS loading capacity of 4.04 mmol/g was obtained, one of the highest described in the literature. Furthermore, we used a rapid small-scale column test to compare the PFOS adsorption capacity of chitosan and activated carbon, each in both milled and unmilled form. Unmilled chitosan showed the highest PFOS adsorption capacity considering adsorption material dry masses (>0.9 and <0.4 mmol/g for both types of chitosan and activated carbon, respectively). Milled activated carbon proved to be the better adsorption material, considering the fixed volume of the adsorber (>99.9% PFOS adsorbed). Overall, the cross-linking agent concentration in chitosan is a crucial factor influencing its PFOS absorption potential. Our results feature cross-linked chitosan as an effective economic and ecologic alternative for PFOS adsorption in aqueous solutions.
Systematic Review of Exposure Studies to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields: Spot Measurements and Mixed Methodologies
Authors: Ramirez-Vazquez Raquel , Escobar Isabel , Arribas Enrique , Vandenbosch Guy A. E.
Published: November 2024

This work presents a review and evaluation of studies measuring exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF). The review meets the basic quality criteria and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines after the eligibility criteria of the PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcome) methodology and the instrument Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Español (CASPe). A total of 86 papers published between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2023 are included: 61 studies with spot measurements and 25 studies with mixed methodologies (spot measurements, personal measurements with volunteers or with a trained researcher and prediction models) are highlighted. Forty-three percent of the studies use Spectrum Analyzers in the spot measurements, mainly the Narda SRM–3006, followed by the Narda SRM-3000, highlighting the introduction and use of Sensors for this kind of study. The minimum mean value was measured in Palestine at 0.0600 µW/m2, and the maximum mean value was measured in Norway at 200,000 µW/m2. The RF-EMF exposure levels measured in the different microenvironments are minimal and far from the maximum levels established by the ICNIRP guidelines.
Impact Mechanisms of Different Ecological Forest Restoration Modes on Soil Microbial Diversity and Community Structure in Loess Hilly Areas
Authors: Chen Gang , Cai Jinjun , Li Weiqian , Liu Yitong , Wu Yan , Wang Tongtong
Published: November 2024

The Loess Plateau, with a fragile ecological environment, is one of the most serious water- and soil-eroded regions in the world, which has been improved by large-scale projects involving returning farmland to forest and grassland. This work is mainly aimed at exploring a more reasonable and efficient ecological forest restoration mode and revealing synergistic restoration mechanisms. This study sampled typical Loess Plateau areas and designed the restoration modes for pure forests of Armeniaca sibirica L. (AR), Amygdalus davidiana (Carrière) de Vos ex Henry. (AM), Medicago sativa L. (MS), and mixed forests of apricot–peach–alfalfa (AR&AM&MS), using abandoned land (AL) as a control treatment. The effects of these modes on the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of various soils were investigated in detail. Moreover, the soil microbial diversity and community structure, functional gene diversity, and differences in the restoration modes were deeply analyzed by meta-genomic sequencing technology, and the inherent driving correlation and mechanisms among these indicators were discussed. The results showed that the soil water content and porosity of the AR, AM, and AR&AM&MS treatments increased significantly, while the bulk density decreased significantly, compared with AL. Moreover, the total carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, and available potassium contents of the AR&AM&MS restoration mode increased significantly. Compared to CK, there was no significant change in the catalase content of pure forest and mixed forest; however, the contents of urease, phosphatase, sucrase, B-glycanase, and N-acetylglucosaminidase in the restoration mode of the mixed forest all increased significantly. The species diversity index of the restoration modes is similar, and the dominant bacteria in soil microorganisms include Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes. The mixed forest restoration mode had the highest microbial abundance. The functional gene diversity of the different restoration modes was also similar, including kegg genes, eggNOG genes, and carbohydrate enzymes. The functional genes of the mixed forest restoration mode were the most abundant, and their restoration mechanism was related to the coupling effect of soil–forest grass. After evaluation, the restoration mode of mixed forest was superior to that of pure forest or pure grass. This is attributed to the fact that the mode can improve soil structure, retain soil moisture, enhance soil enzyme activity, optimize soil microbial community structure, and improve microbial diversity and functional gene activity. This provides key data for the restoration of fragile ecological areas, and the promotion of sustainable management of forests and grass in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau.
Ventricular Fibrillation Prediction and Detection: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Techniques
Authors: Fira Monica , Costin Hariton-Nicolae , Goraș Liviu
Published: November 2024

This review offers a detailed examination of modern ECG signal processing techniques employed in the prediction and detection of ventricular fibrillation (VF). It contains a thorough analysis of recent advancements in the field, exploring the strengths, limitations, and real-world applications of these techniques. By evaluating the current state of research, the review seeks to identify the most effective approaches and highlight key areas where further investigation is needed, ultimately guiding future research efforts toward improving VF prediction and detection. Overall, AI has shown significant potential in a range of VF-related tasks. However, real-world implementation encounters several challenges, including difficulties in accurately interpreting ECG signals, the variability in individual physiological responses, and the infrequency of ventricular fibrillation events. Additionally, there are issues related to the critical timing required for detecting VF, the presence of similar arrhythmias, the need for adaptation to new ECG devices, energy consumption concerns, and the complex process of obtaining regulatory and legislative approvals for integrating software components into medical equipment. We consider that the present work might be useful in approaching the above challenges.
Human Identification Based on Electroencephalogram Analysis When Entering a Password Phrase on a Keyboard
Authors: Sulavko Alexey , Samotuga Alexander
Published: November 2024

The paper proposes a method for identifying a person based on EEG parameters recorded during the process of entering user password phrases on the keyboard. The method is presented in two versions: for a two-channel EEG (frontal leads only) and a six-channel EEG. A database of EEGs of 95 subjects was formed, who entered a password phrase on the keyboard, including states in an altered psychophysiological state (sleepy and tired). During the experiment, the subjects’ EEG data were recorded. The experiment on collecting data in each state was conducted on different days. The signals were segmented in such a way that the time of entering the password phrase corresponded to the time used during the EEG to identify the subject. The EEG signals are processed using two autoencoders trained on EEG data (on spectrograms of the original signals and their autocorrelation functions). The encoder is used to extract signal features. After identifying the features, identification is performed using the Bayesian classifier. The achieved error level was 0.8% for six-channel EEGs and 1.3% for two-channel EEGs. The advantages of the proposed identification method are that the subject does not need to be put into a state of rest, and no additional stimulation is required.
Comparison of Chondrocyte Behaviors Between Silk Microfibers and Polycaprolactone Microfibers in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications
Authors: Jin Guang-Zhen
Published: November 2024

Silk and polycaprolactone (PCL), derived from natural and synthetic sources, respectively, are suture materials commonly used in surgery. Beyond their application in sutures, they are also compelling subjects in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This study evaluated the effects of degummed silk microfibers compared to electrospun PCL microfibers of a similar diameter on chondrocyte behavior. The two types of microfibers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), real-time PCR, Western blotting, and DMMB analysis. The results demonstrated that the silk microfibers exhibited a higher proliferative cell rate over time compared to the PCL microfibers. Additionally, the expression of chondrogenic phenotypes was significantly upregulated, while the marker for hypertrophic chondrocytes—type X collagen—was downregulated in cell-laden silk microfibers compared to cell-laden PCL microfibers. These findings suggest that natural degummed silk microfibers may be a viable option for repairing damaged cartilage in the future of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering.
Liquid Metal-Based Dual-Response Pressure Sensor for Dual-Modality Sensing and Robotic Object Recognition
Authors: Bai Yanru , Wang Zhi , Zhang Yizhuo , Guo Rui , Li Xisheng
Published: November 2024

Characterized by their high sensitivity and flexible deformation, flexible pressure sensors have been extensively applied in various fields such as wearable electronics, health monitoring, soft robotics, and human–computer interaction. In this research, we developed a dual-response pressure sensor (DRPS) designed to identify object materials. By integrating the operating principles of capacitive and resistive sensors and employing microstructured dielectric layers, we enhanced the sensitivity and detection range of the pressure sensor. Additionally, this research introduced an innovative, simple, and cost-effective method for preparing flexible pressure sensors. Following a comprehensive performance evaluation, the DRPS exhibited high sensitivity, a broad detection range, and robust stability. Finally, utilizing a mechanical claw equipped with an intelligent perception data collection system, we effectively distinguished various materials, further corroborating the practicality of DRPS in intelligent perception applications.
The Role of Protein Kinase C During the Differentiation of Stem and Precursor Cells into Tissue Cells
Authors: Pieles Oliver , Morsczeck Christian
Published: November 2024

Protein kinase C (PKC) plays an essential role during many biological processes including development from early embryonic stages until the terminal differentiation of specialized cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the involvement of PKC in molecular processes during the differentiation of stem/precursor cells into tissue cells with a particular focus on osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic and neuronal differentiation by using a comprehensive approach. Interestingly, studies examining the overall role of PKC, or one of its three isoform groups (classical, novel and atypical PKCs), often showed controversial results. A discrete observation of distinct isoforms demonstrated that the impact on differentiation differs highly between the isoforms, and that during a certain process, the influence of only some isoforms is crucial, while others are less important. In particular, PKCβ inhibits, and PKCδ strongly supports osteogenesis, whereas it is the other way around for adipogenesis. PKCε is another isoform that overwhelmingly supports adipogenic differentiation. In addition, PKCα plays an important role in chondrogenesis, while neuronal differentiation has been positively associated with numerous isoforms including classical, novel and atypical PKCs. In a cellular context, various upstream mediators, like the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways, endogenously control PKC activity and thus, their activity interferes with the influence of PKC on differentiation. Downstream of PKC, several proteins and pathways build the molecular bridge between the enzyme and the control of differentiation, of which only a few have been well characterized so far. In this context, PKC also cooperates with other kinases like Akt or protein kinase A (PKA). Furthermore, PKC is capable of directly phosphorylating transcription factors with pivotal function for a certain developmental process. Ultimately, profound knowledge about the role of distinct PKC isoforms and the involved signaling pathways during differentiation constitutes a promising tool to improve the use of stem cells in regenerative therapies by precisely manipulating the activity of PKC or downstream effectors.
Observed Shyness-Related Behavioral Responses to a Self-Presentation Speech Task: A Study Comparing Chinese and Canadian Children
Authors: Kong Xiaoxue , MacGowan Taigan L. , Wang Shumin , Li Yan , Schmidt Louis A.
Published: November 2024

Past research suggests that expressions of shyness are associated with several distinct behaviors that may differ between Eastern and Western cultures. However, this evidence has largely been derived from subjective ratings, such self-, teacher-, and parent-report measures. In this study, we examined between-country differences on measures of directly observed shyness-related behaviors during a speech task in children. Participants were 74 Chinese (Mage = 4.76 years old, SDage = 0.62 years old; 77.0% male) and 189 Canadian (Mage = 4.80 years old, SDage = 0.82 years old; 48.1% male) children aged 4–6 years. As predicted, the results reveal that Chinese children exhibit a higher frequency of gaze aversion and lower total time speaking compared to Canadian children. Additionally, significant interactions between country and gender were found for fidgeting and smiling behaviors, indicating that cultural expectations and norms influence how boys and girls express some shyness-related behaviors in social situations. These preliminary findings extend prior cross-cultural research on shyness-related behaviors indexed using subjective report measures to directly observed measures, highlighting the importance of cultural context in shaping children’s responses to social evaluation.
Self-Compassion and Psychological Flourishing Among College Students: The Mediating Role of Hope and the Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation
Authors: Liu Chunying , Lin Pingting , Xiong Zhiheng
Published: November 2024

College students face pressure from various aspects such as academics, employment, and interpersonal relationships, and their mental health is receiving increasing attention. This study used a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design to recruit 842 college students to explore the relationship between self-compassion and psychological flourishing and the underlying psychological mechanisms. With gender added as a control variable, the results showed the following: (1) self-compassion had a positive predictive effect on psychological flourishing in college students; (2) hope partially mediated the predictive effect of self-compassion on psychological flourishing in college students; (3) the first half path of the mediation model was moderated by emotion regulation. In conclusion, this study revealed the underlying mechanisms of the association between self-compassion and psychological flourishing. The mechanisms of increasing college students’ psychological flourishing are the positive impact of hope on the relationship of self-compassion and psychological flourishing, and emotional regulation enhancing the impact of hope. These findings not only enrich the theoretical framework of the relationship between self-compassion and psychological flourishing but also provide practical guidance for future applications of mindfulness and compassion skills to promote physical and mental health. Future research could further explore the effectiveness of self-compassion interventions in different populations, and how cultivating mindfulness and compassion skills can increase individuals’ levels of self-compassion, thereby promoting mental health and overall well-being.