bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(E)-4-Bromo-5-methoxy-2-{[(2-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol monohydrate
Authors: Atalay Şehriman , Aygün Seda Nur , Meral Seher , Ağar Erbil
Published: December 2017

In the title Schiff base hydrate, C15H14BrNO3·H2O, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 0.9 (2)° and an intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond closes anS(6) ring. In the crystal, Ow—H...O (w = water) hydrogen bonds link the components into centrosymmetric tetramers (two Schiff bases and two water molecules). Weak C—H...Owinteractions consolidate the linking of the molecules within the tetramers. The O atom of the water molecule is disordered over two adjacent sites in a 0.73 (9):0.27 (9) ratio.
(E)-3-[4-(Benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)styryl]-1-methylpyridin-1-ium hexafluoridophosphate
Authors: Xu Hong-Kang , Kong Lin , Li Fei
Published: December 2017

In the cation of the title molecular salt, C21H17N2O+·PF6−, the pyridine ring and benzoxazole ring system are twisted with respect to the central benzene ring at dihedral angles of 23.75 (18) and 5.53 (16)°. In the crystal, the hexafluoridophosphate anion accepts a weak C—H...F hydrogen bond from the cation to form an ion-pair.
Positive demographic effects of nest surveillance campaigns to counter illegal harvest of the Bonelli's eagle in Sicily (Italy)
Authors: Di Vittorio M. , Rannisi G. , Di Trapani E. , Falci A. , Ciaccio A. , Rocco M. , Giacalone G. , Zafarana M. , Grenci S. , La Grua G. , Scuderi A. , Palazzolo F. , Cacopardi S. , Luiselli L. , Merlino S. , Lo Valvo M. , López‐López P.
Published: December 2017

Illegal trade in wildlife has been identified as one of the main challenges to wildlife conservation. In 2010, an illegal trade‐ring trafficking in birds of prey was uncovered in Sicily (southern Italy). This illegal trade targeted the three most endangered species in Italy: Bonelli's eagle Aquila fasciata, Lanner falcon Falco biarmicus and Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus, all of them long‐lived territorial raptors threatened with extinction across their European distribution. Illegal harvest primarily involved young birds and eggs taken from nests. After the discovery of these activities, surveillance camps and camera traps connected to the mobile Global System for Mobile communications network were established in nine Bonelli's eagle breeding sites in which illegal harvest was reported. Surveillance activities resulted in a sharp reduction in illegal harvest that has contributed to the recent increase in population size and number of breeding pairs of Bonelli's eagle in the island. This population represents 95% of the entire Italian population and is catalogued as Critically Endangered in this country. Importantly, our results highlight the impact of illegal harvest on the population dynamics of endangered species as demonstrated by a population viability analysis. This is particularly important in the case of insular species for which demographic recovery due to immigration from other geographic areas is unlikely. Systematic patrols by forestry police authorities, a resolute application of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species legislation via legal punishment, and the requirement of including all live captive specimens used for falconry in an obligatory DNA data bank would contribute to reducing the risk of extinction for small populations of endangered species of birds of prey.
Upper and lower airway remodelling mechanisms in asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: The one airway concept revisited
Authors: Samitas K. , Carter A. , Kariyawasam H. H. , Xanthou G.
Published: December 2017

Allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma often co‐exist. The one airway model proposes that disease mechanisms occurring in the upper airway may mirror lower airway events. Airway remodelling is the term used to describe tissue structural changes that occur in a disease setting and reflect the dynamic process of tissue restructuring during wound repair. Remodelling has been long identified in the lower airways in asthma and is characterized by epithelial shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, basement membrane thickening, subepithelial fibrosis, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia and increased angiogenesis. The concept of upper airway remodelling has only recently been introduced, and data so far are limited and often conflicting, an indication that more detailed studies are needed. Whilst remodelling changes in AR are limited, CRS phenotypes demonstrate epithelial hyperplasia, increased matrix deposition and degradation along with accumulation of plasma proteins. Despite extensive research over the past years, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in airway remodelling remain incompletely defined. This review describes our current rather limited understanding of airway remodelling processes in AR, CRS and asthma and presents mechanisms both shared and distinct between the upper and lower airways. Delineation of shared and disease‐specific pathogenic mechanisms of remodelling between the sinonasal system and the lung may guide the rational design of more effective therapeutic strategies targeting upper and lower airways concomitantly and improving the health of individuals with inflammatory airway diseases.
Identification of patterns of factors preceding severe or life‐threatening asthma exacerbations in a nationwide study
Authors: Tanaka H. , Nakatani E. , Fukutomi Y. , Sekiya K. , Kaneda H. , Iikura M. , Yoshida M. , Takahashi K. , Tomii K. , Nishikawa M. , Kaneko N. , Sugino Y. , Shinkai M. , Ueda T. , Tanikawa Y. , Shirai T. , Hirabayashi M. , Aoki T. , Kato T. , Iizuka K. , Fujii M. , Taniguchi M.
Published: December 2017

Background

Reducing near‐fatal asthma exacerbations is a critical problem in asthma management.

Objectives

To determine patterns of factors preceding asthma exacerbations in a real‐world setting.

Methods

In a nationwide prospective study of 190 patients who had experienced near‐fatal asthma exacerbation, cluster analysis was performed using asthma symptoms over the 2‐week period before admission.

Results

Three distinct clusters of symptoms were defined employing the self‐reporting of a visual analogue scale. Cluster A (42.1%): rapid worsening within 7.4 hours from moderate attack to admission, young to middle‐aged patients with low Body mass index and tendency to depression who had stopped anti‐asthma medications, smoked, and hypersensitive to environmental triggers and furred pets. Cluster B (40.0%): fairly rapid worsening within 48 hours, mostly middle‐aged and older, relatively good inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) or ICS/long‐acting beta‐agonist (LABA) compliance, and low perception of dyspnea. Cluster C (17.9%): slow worsening over 10 days before admission, high perception of dyspnea, smokers, and chronic daily mild‐moderate symptoms. There were no differences in overuse of short‐acting beta‐agonists, baseline asthma severity, or outcomes after admission for patients in these 3 clusters.

Conclusion

To reduce severe or life‐threatening asthma exacerbation, personalized asthma management plans should be considered for each cluster. Improvement of ICS and ICS/LABA compliance and cessation of smoking are important in cluster A. To compensate for low perception of dyspnea, asthma monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate and/or exhaled nitric oxide would be useful for patients in cluster B. Avoidance of environmental triggers, increase usual therapy, or new anti‐type 2 response‐targeted therapies should be considered for cluster C.
Drawing on Museums: Early Visual Fieldnotes by Franz Boas and the Indigenous Recuperation of the Archive
Authors: Glass Aaron
Published: December 2017

In the first decade of his Northwest Coast fieldwork (1886–1897), Franz Boas made and commissioned a series of research drawings of Kwakwaka’wakw (Kwakiutl) objects held by museums in Berlin and elsewhere. Using them as elicitation tools, Boas added primary fieldnotes (in German, English, and Kwak'wala) directly onto them, providing a basis for his earliest publications on anthropological theory and methods as well as Kwakwaka’wakw art, song, and ceremony. Until recently, however, these visual fieldnotes—long relegated to the archive—have been severed from both the museum collections and Boas's foundational ethnographic research. In this essay, I discuss the drawings in the context of current collaborative efforts to document historic ethnographic materials with the Kwakwaka’wakw, who are recuperating such anthropological and archival resources in support of current cultural production and ceremonial revitalization. [ethnographic methods, museums, history of anthropology, Franz Boas, Kwakwaka’wakw]
Perceptions of the dental profession: a comparative analysis through scale development
Authors: Buldur Burak , Armfield Jason M.
Published: December 2017

Dentistry is a science‐based profession that has a close interaction with people and society. However, despite this close interaction, perceptions of the dental profession by both patients and dental professionals have received little research attention. The purpose of this study was to compare the perceptions of dentists, dental students, and patients toward the dental profession through the development and testing of the Dental Profession Perceptions Scale (DPPS). The DPPS contains a total of 17 items measured on a 5‐point Likert response scale. The DPPS showed excellent internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.92) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.93). Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses of the DPPS showed that dentists’, dental students’, and patients’ perceptions of the dental profession could be grouped according to ‘status’, ‘human’, and ‘scientific’ factors. There were no statistically significant differences between participants’ DPPS total or sub‐scale scores according to dental group, gender, or income. The DPPS developed can be used in future studies as a psychometrically sound measuring tool. Further studies should examine the factors that may affect the perceptions of the dental profession in different societies and cultures.
Small‐animal PET imaging analysis with [18F]FHBG in a mouse model of HSV1‐tk gene expression in melanoma
Authors: Lee Onseok , Kim Jaeyoung , Oh Chilhwan
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to establish a small‐animal model for molecular imaging and to acquire basic data on assessing the efficacy of candidate melanoma drugs using small‐animal PET imaging analysis with [18F]FHBG for herpes simplex virus 1‐thymidine kinase (HSV1‐tk) gene expression in a melanoma mouse model. The B16 melanoma cell line was transduced with a recombinant lentiviral vector containing the HSV1‐tk gene and inoculated into the back skin of C57BL/6J mice. [18F]FHBG PET imaging showed better contrast for HSV1‐tk(+) melanomas compared to brain, heart, gall bladder, intestine and kidney than did [18F]FDG PET imaging.
Assessment of Nanosecond Laser Ablation Multi‐Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry for Pb and Sr Isotopic Determination in Archaeological Glass: Mass Bias Correction Strategies and Results for Corning Glass Reference Materials
Authors: Van Ham‐Meert Alicia , Chernonozhkin Stepan M. , Van Malderen Stijn J.M. , Van Acker Thibaut , Vanhaecke Frank , Degryse Patrick
Published: December 2017

This work presents an evaluation of various methods for in situ high‐precision Sr and Pb isotopic determination in archaeological glass (containing 100–500 μg g−1 target element) by nanosecond laser ablation multi‐collector‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ns‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS). A set of four soda‐lime silicate glasses, Corning A–D, mimicking the composition of archaeological glass and produced by the Corning Museum of Glass (Corning, New York, USA), were investigated as candidates for matrix‐matched reference materials for use in the analysis of archaeological glass. Common geological reference materials with known isotopic compositions (USGS basalt glasses BHVO‐2G, GSE‐1G and NKT‐1G, soda‐lime silicate glass NIST SRM 610 and several archaeological glass samples with known Sr isotopic composition) were used to evaluate the ns‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analytical procedures. When available, ns‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS results for the Corning glasses are reported. These were found to be in good agreement with results obtained via pneumatic nebulisation (pn) MC‐ICP‐MS after digestion of the glass matrix and target element isolation. The presence of potential spectral interference from doubly charged rare earth element (REE) ions affecting Sr isotopic determination was investigated by admixing Er and Yb aerosols by means of pneumatic nebulisation into the gas flow from the laser ablation system. It was shown that doubly charged REE ions affect the Sr isotope ratios, but that this could be circumvented by operating the instrument at higher mass resolution. Multiple strategies to correct for instrumental mass discrimination in ns‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS and the effects of relevant interferences were evaluated. Application of common glass reference materials with basaltic matrices for correction of ns‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS isotope data of archaeological glasses results in inaccurate Pb isotope ratios, rendering application of matrix‐matched reference materials indispensable. Correction for instrumental mass discrimination using the exponential law, with the application of Tl as an internal isotopic standard element introduced by pneumatic nebulisation and Corning D as bracketing isotopic calibrator, provided the most accurate results for Pb isotope ratio measurements in archaeological glass. Mass bias correction relying on the power law, combined with intra‐element internal correction, assuming a constant 88Sr/86Sr ratio, yielded the most accurate results for 87Sr/86Sr determination in archaeological glasses
Syndrome of Transient Headache and Neurologic Deficits With Cerebrospinal Fluid Lymphocitosis Should Be Considered in Children Presenting With Acute Confusional State
Authors: Moavero Romina , Papetti Laura , Tarantino Samuela , Battan Barbara , Salfa Irene , Deodati Annalisa , Schiaffini Riccardo , Vigevano Federico , Valeriani Massimiliano
Published: December 2017

Background

Transient headache and neurologic deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is benign and self‐limited, with neurologic deficits including sensory disturbance of one body side, aphasia, nausea/vomiting, weakness, decreased vision, homonymous hemianopsia, photophobia. Acute confusional state can rarely occur. Papilledema and intracranial hypertension have also been described. It is a rare entity mainly affecting adults; however, it has been sporadically described in children and adolescents.

Main findings

In this clinical observational study, we describe a clinical series of three consecutive pediatric patients being diagnosed with HaNDL after presenting with altered consciousness, papilledema, and increased intracranial pressure. They all recovered without relapses.

Conclusion

Presentation during childhood and adolescence is rare; the majority of pediatric cases presented with altered consciousness, which is infrequent in HaNDL. This may suggest that in childhood this symptom might be more common than in adults. All three patients presented with increased intracranial pressure and papilledema, thus suggesting that these aspects should be investigated in all patients presenting with this clinical pattern. Finally, all our patients began to suffer from migraine. This feature, together with the benign course of the disease, could favor the hypothesis of a migrainous pathophysiology of this syndrome, although this remains a speculative.
The “Batman flap”: a novel technique to repair a large central glabellar defect
Authors: Puviani Mario , Curci Marco
Published: December 2017

Background

Given the critical position of central glabella among the frontal, nasal, and supraorbital aesthetic subunits of the face, the reconstruction of large defects in this area represents a surgical challenge.

Methods

We describe a surgical technique based on a modified, curved, A‐T flap to repair a large glabellar defect.

Results

Our modification is useful for large glabellar defects because it enables the distribution of the tension all over the reconstruction sides, avoiding a stressed central area and the subsequent risk of necrosis; functionally, it respects the eyebrows position and since the advancement is parallel to their major axes, it avoids the reduction of the distance between them.

Conclusions

The “Batman flap” enables reconstructing a glabellar defect, with a good aesthetical result and the respect of the relevant aesthetical subunits.
Exosomes from heat‐stressed tumour cells inhibit tumour growth by converting regulatory T cells to Th17 cells via IL‐6
Authors: Guo Danfeng , Chen Yinghu , Wang Shoujie , Yu Lei , Shen Yingying , Zhong Haijun , Yang Yunshan
Published: December 2017

Exosomes derived from heat‐stressed tumour cells (HS‐TEXs), which contain abundant heat shock protein (HSP) 70, strongly induce antitumour immune responses. HSP70‐induced interleukin (IL)‐6 promotes IL‐17 expression and causes rejection of established prostate tumours. However, it remains unclear whether HS‐TEXs exhibit antitumour effects by converting regulatory T cells (Tregs) into T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. In this study, we found that compared with TEXs, HS‐TEXs were more potent in stimulating secretion of IL‐6 from dendritic cells. In vitro, IL‐6 blocked tumour cell‐derived transforming growth factor beta 1‐induced Treg differentiation and promoted Th17 cell differentiation. HS‐TEXs exerted strong antitumour effects, converting Tregs into Th17 cells with high efficiency, a process that was entirely dependent upon IL‐6. Neutralization of IL‐17 completely abolished the antitumour effect of TEXs, but only partially inhibited that of HS‐TEXs. In addition, we found higher levels of IL‐6 and IL‐17 in serum from tumour patients treated with hyperthermia, and an increase in Th17 cells and a decrease in Tregs was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from these patients after hyperthermia. Therefore, our results demonstrate that HS‐TEXs possess a powerful capacity to convert immunosuppressive Tregs into Th17 cells via IL‐6, which contributes to their potent antitumour effect.
Do mental health consumers want to improve their long‐term disease risk behaviours? A survey of over 2000 psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Bartlem Kate , Bailey Jacqueline , Metse Alexandra , Asara Ashley , Wye Paula , Clancy Richard , Wiggers John , Bowman Jenny
Published: December 2017

Policies and clinical guidelines acknowledge the role mental health services have in addressing the physical health of individuals with a mental illness; however, little research has explored interest in reducing health risk behaviours or the acceptability of receiving support to reduce such risks among psychiatric inpatients. This study estimated the prevalence of four long‐term disease risk behaviours (tobacco smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption, inadequate fruit and/or vegetable consumption, and inadequate physical activity); patient interest in reducing these risks; and acceptability of being provided care to do so during a psychiatric inpatient stay. A cross‐sectional survey was undertaken with 2075 inpatients from four inpatient psychiatric facilities in one health district in Australia (October 2012–April 2014). Prevalence of risk behaviours ranged from 50.2% (inadequate physical activity) to 94.8% (inadequate fruit and/or vegetable consumption). The majority of respondents (88.4%) had more than one risk behaviour, and most were seriously considering improving their risk behaviours (47.6% to 65.3%). The majority (80.4%) agreed that it would be acceptable to be provided support and advice to change such behaviours during their psychiatric inpatient stay. Some diagnoses were associated with smoking and hazardous alcohol consumption, interest in reducing alcohol consumption and increasing fruit and/or vegetable consumption, and acceptability of receiving advice and support. The findings reinforce the need and opportunity for psychiatric inpatient facilities to address the long‐term disease risk behaviours of their patients.
Estimates of seasonal influenza‐associated mortality in Bangladesh, 2010‐2012
Authors: Ahmed Makhdum , Aleem Mohammad Abdul , Roguski Katherine , Abedin Jaynal , Islam Ariful , Alam Kazi Faisal , Gurley Emily S. , Rahman Mahmudur , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Homaira Nusrat , Sturm‐Ramirez Katharine , Danielle Iuliano A.
Published: December 2017

Background

Seasonal influenza‐associated mortality estimates help identify the burden of disease and assess the value of public health interventions such as annual influenza immunization. Vital registration is limited in Bangladesh making it difficult to estimate seasonal influenza mortality.

Objectives

Our study aimed to estimate seasonal influenza‐associated mortality rates for 2010‐2012 in Bangladesh.

Methods

We conducted surveillance among hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) for persons aged ≥5 years and severe pneumonia for children <5 years in 11 sites across Bangladesh. We defined the catchment areas of these sites and conducted a community survey in 22 randomly selected unions (administrative units) within the catchment areas to identify respiratory deaths. We multiplied the proportion of influenza‐positive patients at our surveillance sites by the age‐specific number of respiratory deaths identified to estimate seasonal influenza‐associated mortality.

Results

Among 4221 surveillance case‐patients, 553 (13%) were positive for influenza viruses. Concurrently, we identified 1191 persons who died within 2 weeks of developing an acute respiratory illness within the catchment areas of the surveillance hospitals. In 2010‐2011, the estimated influenza‐associated mortality rate was 6 (95% CI 4‐9) per 100 000 for children <5 years and 41 (95% CI 35‐47) per 100 000 for persons >60 years. During 2011‐2012, the estimated influenza‐associated mortality rate was 13 (95% CI 10‐16) per 100 000 among children <5 years and 88 (95% CI 79‐98) per 100 000 among persons aged >60 years.

Conclusions

We identified a substantial burden of influenza‐associated deaths in Bangladesh suggesting that the introduction of prevention and control measures including seasonal vaccination should be considered by local public health decision‐makers.
Reproductive biology of Alitta succinea (Annelida: Nereididae) in a Brazilian tropical lagoon
Authors: Aguiar Thayanne Medeiros , Gomes Santos Cinthya S.
Published: December 2017

Alitta succinea is considered a cosmopolitan species in estuarine and coastal environments. It is also a model organism in marine chemical ecology and is used in ecotoxicological tests and molecular studies. We aimed to study the reproductive biology of the species in Lagoa de Maricá of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. For this purpose, monthly samples were taken from May 2015 to May 2016. The 653 individuals collected (sex ratio 1 male:1.5 female) were measured (width of the 20th chaetiger), sexed, and classified into stages by three criteria: the presence of gametes in the coelom; hypertrophy of the eyes; and modifications of the parapodia. From each identified female, the diameters of 30 randomly chosen oocytes were measured. Sediment samples were taken separately to analyze total organic matter and grain size. Salinity and temperature of the water were measured in situ each month. Our results show that individuals of this species reproduce through epitoky, with four stages of epitoky identified in both males and females. Parapodial modifications were more pronounced in males, in which some features such as the serrated papillae in the dorsal and ventral cirrus were exclusive.
How Predictable are Flu Pandemics?
Authors: Hill Edward , Tildesley Michael , House Thomas
Published: December 2017

There were at least four flu pandemics in the past century, but is it possible to predict how many there might be in the century to come? Edward Hill, Michael Tildesley and Thomas House analyse 300 years of outbreaks in search of clues
Low levels of genetic structuring in King George whiting Sillaginodes punctatus across two geographic regions
Authors: Kent J. , Jenkins G. , Sherman C. D. H.
Published: December 2017

Postlarvae of King George whiting Sillaginodes punctatus, a commercially important fish species in southern Australia, were collected from multiple locations across south and south‐eastern Australia. Genetic analyses using seven microsatellite markers found little evidence of genetic structure suggesting high levels of connectivity between the regions. The results found no evidence of a distinct source spawning population within the south‐eastern range sampled in this study.
Evaluation of swallowing ability using swallowing sounds in maxillectomy patients
Authors: Kamiyanagi A. , Sumita Y. , Ino S. , Chikai M. , Nakane A. , Tohara H. , Minakuchi S. , Seki Y. , Endo H. , Taniguchi H.
Published: December 2017

Maxillectomy for oral tumours often results in debilitating oral hypofunction, which markedly decreases quality of life. Dysphagia, in particular, is one of the most serious problems following maxillectomy. This study used swallowing sounds as a simple evaluation method to evaluate swallowing ability in maxillectomy patients with and without their obturator prosthesis placed. Twenty‐seven maxillectomy patients (15 men, 12 women; mean age 66.0 ± 12.1 years) and 30 healthy controls (14 men, 16 women; mean age 44.9 ± 21.3 years) were recruited for this study. Participants were asked to swallow 4 mL of water, and swallowing sounds were recorded using a throat microphone. Duration of the acoustic signal and duration of peak intensity (DPI) were measured. Duration of peak intensity was significantly longer in maxillectomy patients without their obturator than with it (P < .05) and was significantly longer in maxillectomy patients without their obturator than in healthy controls (P < .025 after Bonferroni correction). With the obturator placed, DPI was significantly longer in maxillectomy patients who had undergone soft palate resection than in those who had not (P < .05). These results suggest swallowing ability in maxillectomy patients could be improved by wearing an obturator prosthesis, particularly during the oral stage. However, it is difficult to improve the oral stage of swallowing in patients who have undergone soft palate resection even with obturator placement.
CD29 is highly expressed on epithelial, myoepithelial, and mesenchymal stromal cells of human salivary glands
Authors: Togarrati PP , Dinglasan N , Desai S , Ryan WR , Muench MO
Published: December 2017

Objective

The phenotype of the cells present in the ductal region of salivary glands has been well characterized. However, it is imperative to identify novel biomarkers that can identify different cell types present in other glandular components for the development of therapeutic strategies and diagnostics of salivary gland disorders and malignancies. Our study aimed at the characterization of the expression and distribution of various cell surface markers, especially with a focus on CD29 in human fetal as well as adult glands.

Materials and methods

Paired human midgestation fetal and adult parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands were collected. Phenotypic expression of various lineage‐specific cell surface markers including CD29 was investigated in freshly collected glands. The findings were further corroborated by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Enriched expression of CD29 was found on acinar and ductal epithelial, mesenchymal stromal, and myoepithelial cells; CD29+ cells co‐expressed epithelial (CD324, CD326, NKCC1, and CD44), mesenchymal (CD73, CD90, vimentin, and CD34), and myoepithelial (α‐SMA) cell‐specific progenitor markers in both fetal as well as adult salivary glands.

Conclusion

CD29 is widely expressed in human salivary glands, and it could serve as a potential biomarker for devising novel cellular therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for salivary gland disorders and malignancies.
Biventricular support with HeartWare ventricular assist device in a pediatric patient
Authors: Deshpande Shriprasad R. , Carroll Mallory M. , Mao Chad , Mahle William T. , Kanter Kirk
Published: December 2017

Use of ventricular assist devices is increasing in the pediatric population. This has included the extended use of adult continuous‐flow devices in the pediatric population. In a minority of cases, biventricular support may be needed. In these situations, biventricular support with continuous‐flow devices can be surgically challenging, and therefore, only few cases have been reported. Here, we present a case of implantation of two HeartWare HVAD devices for biventricular support for a decompensating patient with acute myocarditis as well as present an alternative implantation surgical strategy.
Preservice Secondary Mathematics Teachers' Conceptualizations of Equity: Access and Power as Seen Through Vignette Responses
Authors: Max Brooke
Published: December 2017

Attention to equity in the mathematics education field has been growing in recent years. We have evidence that many novice secondary mathematics teachers do not feel prepared to teach in regards to diverse populations. We need to know more about how secondary preservice mathematics teachers (PSMTs) conceptualize equitable environments. This study investigates 30 secondary PSMTs' proposed responses to two hypothetical vignettes from mathematics department conversations regarding calculator usage and mathematical discourse, respectively, utilizing two of Gutiérrez's four dimensions of equity: Access and Power. Results suggest these PSMTs considered equity, equality, and creating a classroom that invites participation among other factors when thinking of an equitable approach with respect to calculator usage. When considering mathematical discourse, PSMTs cited the need to “model” proper use of mathematical language as well as to allow students to themselves verbalize it. Implications mathematics education and teacher education more broadly are to integrate equity and equality discussions in methods courses and to include strategies to facilitate productive discourse.
A Statewide Implementation of the Critical Features of Professional Development: Impact on Teacher Outcomes
Authors: Johnson Carla C. , Sondergeld Toni , Walton Janet B.
Published: December 2017

This study is focused on a statewide implementation of the core conceptual framework for effective professional development in the United States. and associated impact on teacher quality and attitudes. The framework included content focus, active learning, coherence, duration, and collective participation. There were 252 participants in the study, who were involved in one of the five science or six mathematics programs. Findings indicated a significant impact on teacher quality for all participating programs. Teacher attitudes were positive at the baseline, and remained positive with some improvement at the end of the program. However, teacher perceived preparedness increased significantly across the duration of the program. Discussion of the findings and implications for professional development programs internationally are shared.
Pitfalls in graft survival analysis
Authors: Unterrainer C. , Döhler B. , Süsal C.
Published: December 2017

The reliability of a scientific work depends on the accuracy of the analysis. Scientific publications in the field of kidney transplantation still contain methodical errors that may lead to wrong conclusions and result in severe consequences for the patients. Using the data from the Collaborative Transplant Study, we are presenting in this study six examples of the erroneous usage of statistical methods and show how these mistakes can be avoided.
Alternative Solutions to a Language Design Problem: The Role of Adjectives and Gender Marking in Efficient Communication
Authors: Dye Melody , Milin Petar , Futrell Richard , Ramscar Michael
Published: December 2017

A central goal of typological research is to characterize linguistic features in terms of both their functional role and their fit to social and cognitive systems. One long‐standing puzzle concerns why certain languages employ grammatical gender. In an information theoretic analysis of German noun classification, Dye, Milin, Futrell, and Ramscar (2017) enumerated a number of important processing advantages gender confers. Yet this raises a further puzzle: If gender systems are so beneficial to processing, what does this mean for languages that make do without them? Here, we compare the communicative function of gender marking in German (a deterministic system) to that of prenominal adjectives in English (a probabilistic one), finding that despite their differences, both systems act to efficiently smooth information over discourse, making nouns more equally predictable in context. We examine why evolutionary pressures may favor one system over another and discuss the implications for compositional accounts of meaning and Gricean principles of communication.
A double-difference method for high-resolution acoustic tracking using a deep-water vertical array
Authors: Tenorio-Hallé Ludovic , Thode Aaron M. , Sarkar Jit , Verlinden Christopher , Tippmann Jeffrey , Hodgkiss William S. , Kuperman William A.
Published: December 2017

Ray-tracing is typically used to estimate the depth and range of an acoustic source in refractive deep-water environments by exploiting multipath information on a vertical array. However, mismatched array inclination and uncertain environmental features can produce imprecise trajectories when ray-tracing sequences of individual acoustic events. “Double-difference” methods have previously been developed to determine fine-scale relative locations of earthquakes along a fault [Waldhauser and Ellsworth (2000). Bull. Seismolog. Soc. Am. 90, 1353–1368]. This technique translates differences in travel times between nearby seismic events, recorded at multiple widely separated stations, into precise relative displacements. Here, this method for acoustic multipath measurements on a single vertical array of hydrophones is reformulated. Changes over time in both the elevation angles and the relative arrival times of the multipath are converted into relative changes in source position. This approach is tested on data recorded on a 128-element vertical array deployed in 4 km deep water. The trajectory of a controlled towed acoustic source was accurately reproduced to within a few meters at nearly 50 km range. The positional errors of the double-difference approach for both the towed source and an opportunistically detected sperm whale are an order of magnitude lower than those produced from ray-tracing individual events.
Constant attack on T cell lymphomas
Authors: Griffin Gabriel K.
Published: December 2017

A proof-of-principle study generates CAR-T cells against T cell lymphoma by selectively targeting the T cell receptor β-chain constant region 1.
Antimicrobial prescribing behaviour in dogs and cats by Belgian veterinarians
Authors: Van Cleven Alexia , Sarrazin Steven , de Rooster Hilde , Paepe Dominique , Van der Meeren Sofie , Dewulf Jeroen
Published: December 2017

The objective of this study is to survey general prescribing behaviour by Belgian companion animal veterinarians and to assess agreement of these practices with current treatment guidelines. Therefore an online survey was administered with five realistic and frequently occurring first‐line cases to primary‐care veterinary practitioners. For each case a predefined pattern of questions were asked about whether or not they would prescribe antimicrobials, if they would prescribe a non‐antimicrobial treatment and if they would perform additional diagnostic steps. The responses were compared with recommendations in national guidelines and recent literature. The overall most prescribed antimicrobials were potentiated amoxicillin (43.0 per cent), fluoroquinolones (14.7 per cent), third‐generation and fourth‐generation cephalosporins (10.9 per cent) and tetracyclines (10.9 per cent). Only 48.3 per cent of the veterinarians complied with the guidelines in nearly all of the clinical scenarios (ie, prescribing antimicrobials when indicated, not prescribing antimicrobials when it is not indicated). Moreover, when prescribing highest priority critically important antimicrobials, susceptibility testing on bacterial cultures was performed in only 12.4 per cent of the prescriptions. The results showed that the prescribing behaviour of antimicrobial compounds by primary‐care veterinary practitioners in dogs and cats is often not in agreement with national guidelines. Focus in improvement of this prescribing behaviour should be on performing the appropriate diagnostic steps and decreasing the use of highest priority critically important antimicrobials.
My week
Authors: Beesley Scarlett
Published: December 2017

Scarlett Beesley is a ward veterinary nurse at Lumbry Park Veterinary Specialists in Alton, Hampshire. Here, she describes a recent week.
Flexible pavement damage during spring thaw: A field study using the falling weight deflectometer
Authors: Bilodeau Jean-Pascal , Doré Guy
Published: December 2017

Spring thaw creates critical performance conditions for pavement networks. The increase of water content in the pavement environment is significant during spring thaw. Combined with poor drainage conditions, material condition variations are triggering factors that accentuate the effect of heavy vehicle loading on pavement response and damage. Two experimental pavement sections were monitored in 2014 and 2015 for temperature and deflections. The section with the lowest structural capacity was found to be more sensitive to thaw weakening. Fatigue damage calculated for this section was found to be 31% higher than the section with the highest structural capacity. Moreover, it was shown that a load reduction in the range of 20% can decrease the total yearly damage by about 7 to 10% for the considered test sections. In general, fatigue damage was found to increase from spring onset to the warmest conditions of the yearly cycle, in July.
Assessment of the Value of Air Quality Improvement in Tehran
Authors: Hadian Mohamad , Razimoghadam Mahya , Abutorabi Ali
Published: December 2017

Air pollution in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, has led to poor air quality, with consequences for the health of residents. This study uses a contingent valuation method to estimate the willingness to pay of Tehran’s residents for air quality improvement. Open-ended and stochastic payment card approaches were used to determine the willingness to pay of the sample. The mean individual willingness to pay for a specified air quality improvement was approximately US $6.40 per month, and the variance of the willingness to pay was approximately U.S. $4, as estimated using the SPC approach. Open-ended questions revealed that the mean individual willingness to pay was approximately U.S. $4 per month. Significant positive effects of income, use of public transportation, marriage, job and health status on the mean willingness to pay were observed. Although most respondents believed that air quality improvement is the government’s responsibility, they are willing to bear the cost as a supplement to achieve better air quality.
Geometry and Dynamics for Markov Chain Monte Carlo
Authors: Barp Alessandro , Briol François-Xavier , Kennedy Anthony D. , Girolami Mark
Published: December 2017

Markov chain Monte Carlo methods have revolutionized mathematical computation and enabled statistical inference within many previously intractable models. In this context, Hamiltonian dynamics have been proposed as an efficient way of building chains that can explore probability densities efficiently. The method emerges from physics and geometry, and these links have been extensively studied over the past thirty years. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive introduction to the geometric tools used in Hamiltonian Monte Carlo at a level accessible to statisticians, machine learners, and other users of the methodology with only a basic understanding of Monte Carlo methods. This will be complemented with some discussion of the most recent advances in the field, which we believe will become increasingly relevant to scientists.
MiRNAs Mediate GDNF-Induced Proliferation and Migration of Glioma Cells
Authors: Zhang Bao-Le , Dong Fu-Lu , Guo Ting-Wen , Gu Xiao-He , Huang Lin-Yan , Gao Dian-Shuai
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is an important factor promoting invasive glioma growth. This study was performed to reveal a unique mechanism of glioma cell proliferation and migration. Methods: Human U251 glioma cells were used to screen the optimal GDNF concentration and treatment time to stimulate proliferation and migration. MicroRNA (MiRNA) expression profiles were detected by microarray and confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by miRWalk, and those targeted by multiple miRNAs were screened with Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. A regulatory miRNA network was constructed using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Target gene expression of differentially expressed miRNAs was examined by real-time PCR or mRNA microarray. Results: The results show that 50 ng/mL GDNF for 24 h significantly promotes U251 glioma cell proliferation and migration (P < 0.05). Seven miRNAs (hsa-miR-194-5p, hsa-miR-152-3p, hsa-miR-205-5p, hsa-miR-629-5p, hsa-miR-3609, hsa-miR-183-5p, and hsa-miR-487b-3p) were significantly up-regulated after GDNF treatment (P < 0.05). These miRNAs are primarily involved in signal transduction, cell adhesion and cell cycle through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, focal adhesion and glioma signal pathways. Five of these miRNAs (hsa-miR-194-5p, hsa-miR-152-3p, hsa-miR-205-5p, hsa-miR-183-5p, and hsa-miR-487b-3p) co-regulate TP53 and Akt. mRNA expression levels of four genes co-targeted by two or more up-regulated miRNAs were significantly decreased after GDNF treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: GDNF treatment of U251 glioma cells significantly increased the expression of seven miRNAs involved in cell adhesion and the cell cycle.
Johann Makle: Arzt und Übersetzer des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Maier Emma Louise
Published: December 2017

17th century scholar Johann Makle has long been neglected by research. A New Hanau residing doctor of medicine, Makle not only edited the collected works of Johann Rudolph Glauber, but also translated several writings from Italian and French into German as well as from German into French. A biographical sketch followed by the outline of his translation work contributes to the picture of an Early Modern man of letters. The appended bibliography documents the work of a translator actively engaged in building up an Early Modern (literary) European network.
Dilemmas of Civil Tribunals in Formulating Their Positions toward Religious Tribunals
Authors: Sandberg Haya , Sandberg Haim
Published: December 2017

The paper addresses the dilemmas of civil-secular tribunals when formulating a position toward decisions of religious tribunals with regard to the custody of children. The paper examines the approach of the Israeli Supreme Court toward rulings of Sharia and rabbinical courts, comparing them with similar tensions in the US, Canada, and the UK. Civil courts appear to be entirely committed to civil, non-religious law. Religious tribunals, however, although committed to act in accordance with the fundamental principles of state civil law, are also obligated to act in accordance with religious law. The paper argues that the extent of the above tension is much more limited than it appears at first glance. There is an attempt to reconcile the need to protect women and children on one hand with freedom of religion, multiculturalism, and the rights of ethnic minorities and immigrants, on the other.
A new Setacheres (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Asterocheridae) associated with Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti) (Porifera) from Brazil
Authors: BORGES CAMILA C. , NEVES ELIZABETH G. , JOHNSSON RODRIGO
Published: December 2017

Recent surveys of the copepod fauna associated with the sponge Ircinia felix (Porifera, Dictyoceratida) in Brazil resulted in the discovery of a new siphonostomatoid species belonging to a recently erected genus of Asterocheridae. Setacheres portobarrensis sp. nov. possesses a 21-segmented antennule, with 3 free distal segments, after the aesthetasc. The third exopodal segment of leg 3 shows a distal seta instead of a spine as in some other congeners. The new species shows several unique features on the third endopodal segment of the antenna, the mandibular stylet, the inner lobe of the maxillule, and setules and spinules located in specific regions of legs 1 to 4. Setacheres portobarrensis sp. nov. follows the same distributional pattern as its congeners, and this is the first record of a siphonostomatoid copepod associated with Ircinia felix.
A Unique Safety Signal: Social-Support Figures Enhance Rather Than Protect From Fear Extinction
Authors: Hornstein Erica A. , Haltom Kate E. B. , Shirole Kanika , Eisenberger Naomi I.
Published: December 2017

Following treatment of fear-related disorders, return of fear remains a common occurrence. Currently, the presence of safety signals during treatment procedures is considered harmful, yet recent findings have demonstrated that certain safety signals (social-support figures) lead to enhanced fear extinction and thus might reduce return of fear. Here, we tested the effect of social-support-figure (vs. stranger) images on fear extinction outcomes. We found that, for conditional fear stimuli paired with social-support-figure images during extinction, return of fear was inhibited both immediately after extinction and during a fear reinstatement test 24 hr later; however, return of fear occurred for conditional stimuli paired with images of strangers. These findings suggest that social-support stimuli have unique safety-signaling properties that might enhance fear extinction and improve treatment outcomes for individuals with fear-related disorders.