bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitotic Acetylation of Microtubules Promotes Centrosomal PLK1 Recruitment and Is Required to Maintain Bipolar Spindle Homeostasis
Authors: Rasamizafy Sylvia Fenosoa , Delsert Claude , Rabeharivelo Gabriel , Cau Julien , Morin Nathalie , van Dijk Juliette
Published: July 2021

Tubulin post-translational modifications regulate microtubule properties and functions. Mitotic spindle microtubules are highly modified. While tubulin detyrosination promotes proper mitotic progression by recruiting specific microtubule-associated proteins motors, tubulin acetylation that occurs on specific microtubule subsets during mitosis is less well understood. Here, we show that siRNA-mediated depletion of the tubulin acetyltransferase ATAT1 in epithelial cells leads to a prolonged prometaphase arrest and the formation of monopolar spindles. This results from collapse of bipolar spindles, as previously described in cells deficient for the mitotic kinase PLK1. ATAT1-depleted mitotic cells have defective recruitment of PLK1 to centrosomes, defects in centrosome maturation and thus microtubule nucleation, as well as labile microtubule-kinetochore attachments. Spindle bipolarity could be restored, in the absence of ATAT1, by stabilizing microtubule plus-ends or by increasing PLK1 activity at centrosomes, demonstrating that the phenotype is not just a consequence of lack of K-fiber stability. We propose that microtubule acetylation of K-fibers is required for a recently evidenced cross talk between centrosomes and kinetochores.
TRIM22. A Multitasking Antiviral Factor
Authors: Pagani Isabel , Poli Guido , Vicenzi Elisa
Published: July 2021

Viral invasion of target cells triggers an immediate intracellular host defense system aimed at preventing further propagation of the virus. Viral genomes or early products of viral replication are sensed by a number of pattern recognition receptors, leading to the synthesis and production of type I interferons (IFNs) that, in turn, activate a cascade of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral functions. Among these, several members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family are antiviral executors. This article will focus, in particular, on TRIM22 as an example of a multitarget antiviral member of the TRIM family. The antiviral activities of TRIM22 against different DNA and RNA viruses, particularly human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and influenza A virus (IAV), will be discussed. TRIM22 restriction of virus replication can involve either direct interaction of TRIM22 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity with viral proteins, or indirect protein–protein interactions resulting in control of viral gene transcription, but also epigenetic effects exerted at the chromatin level.
Alterations in Dendritic Spine Maturation and Neurite Development Mediated by FAM19A1
Authors: Yong Hyo-Jeong , Hwang Jong-Ik , Seong Jae-Young
Published: July 2021

Neurogenesis and functional brain activity require complex associations of inherently programmed secretory elements that are regulated precisely and temporally. Family with sequence similarity 19 A1 (FAM19A1) is a secreted protein primarily expressed in subsets of terminally differentiated neuronal precursor cells and fully mature neurons in specific brain substructures. Several recent studies have demonstrated the importance of FAM19A1 in brain physiology; however, additional information is needed to support its role in neuronal maturation and function. In this study, dendritic spine morphology in Fam19a1-ablated mice and neurite development during in vitro neurogenesis were examined to understand the putative role of FAM19A1 in neural integrity. Adult Fam19a1-deficient mice showed low dendritic spine density and maturity with reduced dendrite complexity compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. To further explore the effect of FAM19A1 on neuronal maturation, the neurite outgrowth pattern in primary neurons was analyzed in vitro with and without FAM19A1. In response to FAM19A1, WT primary neurons showed reduced neurite complexity, whereas Fam19a1-decifient primary neurons exhibited increased neurite arborization, which was reversed by supplementation with recombinant FAM19A1. Together, these findings suggest that FAM19A1 participates in dendritic spine development and neurite arborization.
Progression and Differentiation of Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Is Regulated by PAX7 Transcription Factor—Significance of Tumor Subclones
Authors: Skrzypek Klaudia , Adamek Grażyna , Kot Marta , Badyra Bogna , Majka Marcin
Published: July 2021

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), is the most frequent soft tissue tumor in children that originates from disturbances in differentiation process. Mechanisms leading to the development of RMS are still poorly understood. Therefore, by analysis of two RMS RH30 cell line subclones, one subclone PAX7 negative, while the second one PAX7 positive, and comparison with other RMS cell lines we aimed at identifying new mechanisms crucial for RMS progression. RH30 subclones were characterized by the same STR profile, but different morphology, rate of proliferation, migration activity and chemotactic abilities in vitro, as well as differences in tumor morphology and growth in vivo. Our analysis indicated a different level of expression of adhesion molecules (e.g., from VLA and ICAM families), myogenic microRNAs, such as miR-206 and transcription factors, such as MYOD, MYOG, SIX1, and ID. Silencing of PAX7 transcription factor with siRNA confirmed the crucial role of PAX7 transcription factor in proliferation, differentiation and migration of RMS cells. To conclude, our results suggest that tumor cell lines with the same STR profile can produce subclones that differ in many features and indicate crucial roles of PAX7 and ID proteins in the development of RMS.
A Magnetic Nanocomposite Modifier for Improved Ultrasensitive Detection of Hexavalent Chromium in Water Samples
Authors: Hojnik Nuša , Plohl Olivija , Finšgar Matjaž
Published: July 2021

In this work, different electrodes were employed for the determination of Cr(VI) by the cathodic square-wave voltammetry (SWV) technique and the square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV) technique in combination with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Using SWV, a comparison of the analytical performance of the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE), ex situ electrodes (antimony-film—SbFE, copper-film—CuFE, and bismuth-film—BiFE), and the GCE modified with a new magnetic nanocomposite (MNC) material was performed. First, the MNC material was synthesized, i.e., MNPs@SiO2@Lys, where MNPs stands for magnetic maghemite nanoparticles, coated with a thin amorphous silica (SiO2) layer, which was additionally functionalized with derived lysine (Lys). The crystal structure of the prepared MNCs was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), while the morphology and nano-size of the MNCs were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where TEM was additionally used to observe the MNP core and silica layer thickness. The presence of functional groups of the MNCs was investigated by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and surface analysis was performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The hydrophilicity of the modified electrodes was also tested by static contact angle measurements. Then, MNPs@SiO2@Lys was applied onto the electrodes and used with the SWV and SWAdSV techniques. All electrodes tested with the SWV technique were effective for Cr(VI) trace determination. On the other hand, the SWAdSV technique was required for ultra-trace determination of Cr(VI). Using the SWAdSV technique, it was shown that a combination of ex situ BiFE with the deposited MNPs@SiO2@Lys resulted in excellent analytical performance (LOQ = 0.1 µg/L, a linear concentration range of 0.2–2.0 µg/L, significantly higher sensitivity compared to the SWV technique, an RSD representing reproducibility of 9.0%, and an average recovery of 98.5%). The applicability of the latter system was also demonstrated for the analysis of a real sample.
Fat Mass Index Associated with Blood Pressure Abnormalities in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hsu Chien-Ning , Lu Pei-Chen , Tain You-Lin
Published: July 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are present early in life in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), consequently cardiovascular morbidity presents in early adulthood. However, risk factors of CVD have been rarely addressed in children with early stage of CKD. This study included 63 children and adolescents aged 8- to 18 years-old with CKD stage G1–G4. Cardiovascular assessments consisted of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), arterial stiffness index, and echocardiography. We also applied dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning to analyze percentage body fat (PBF), lean body mass index (LBMI), fat mass index (FMI), and the android to gynoid fat ratio (A/G ratio). Up to 63.5% of CKD children had abnormal changes in BP detected by ABPM. CKD children with abnormal ABPM were older, had higher numbers of CKD stage G2 to G4, hyperuricemia, obesity, and higher FMI z-score and A/G ratio compared to individuals with normal ABPM (all p < 0.05). Among these factors, only FMI z-score showed an independent association with abnormal ABPM using multivariate logistic regression analysis (p = 0.037). Our data highlight that body fat plays a key role for an abnormal ABPM in CKD children. The assessment of FMI may have clinical utility in discriminating CV risk in children and adolescents with early stages of CKD.
Interactome Analysis of KIN (Kin17) Shows New Functions of This Protein
Authors: Gaspar Vanessa Pinatto , Ramos Anelise Cardoso , Cloutier Philippe , Pattaro Junior José Renato , Duarte Junior Francisco Ferreira , Bouchard Annie , Seixas Flavio Augusto Vicente , Coulombe Benoit , Fernandez Maria Aparecida
Published: July 2021

KIN (Kin17) protein is overexpressed in a number of cancerous cell lines, and is therefore considered a possible cancer biomarker. It is a well-conserved protein across eukaryotes and is ubiquitously expressed in all cell types studied, suggesting an important role in the maintenance of basic cellular function which is yet to be well determined. Early studies on KIN suggested that this nuclear protein plays a role in cellular mechanisms such as DNA replication and/or repair; however, its association with chromatin depends on its methylation state. In order to provide a better understanding of the cellular role of this protein, we investigated its interactome by proximity-dependent biotin identification coupled to mass spectrometry (BioID-MS), used for identification of protein–protein interactions. Our analyses detected interaction with a novel set of proteins and reinforced previous observations linking KIN to factors involved in RNA processing, notably pre-mRNA splicing and ribosome biogenesis. However, little evidence supports that this protein is directly coupled to DNA replication and/or repair processes, as previously suggested. Furthermore, a novel interaction was observed with PRMT7 (protein arginine methyltransferase 7) and we demonstrated that KIN is modified by this enzyme. This interactome analysis indicates that KIN is associated with several cell metabolism functions, and shows for the first time an association with ribosome biogenesis, suggesting that KIN is likely a moonlight protein.
Non-Destructive Subsurface Inspection of Marine and Protective Coatings Using Near- and Mid-Infrared Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Petersen Christian R. , Rajagopalan Narayanan , Markos Christos , Israelsen Niels M. , Rodrigo Peter J. , Woyessa Getinet , Tidemand-Lichtenberg Peter , Pedersen Christian , Weinell Claus E. , Kiil Søren , Bang Ole
Published: July 2021

Near- and mid-infrared optical coherence tomography (OCT) is evaluated as a non-destructive and non-contact reflection imaging modality for inspection of industrial and marine coatings. Near-infrared OCT was used to obtain high-resolution images (~6/2 µm lateral/axial) of hidden subsurface cracks and defects in a resin base coating, which had been exposed to high pressure and high temperature to study coating degradation in hostile environments. Mid-infrared OCT was employed for high-resolution (~15/8.5 µm lateral/axial) subsurface inspection of highly scattering marine coatings, demonstrating monitoring of wet film thickness and particle dispersion during curing of a 210 µm layer of antifouling coating, and detection of substrate corrosion through 369 µm of high-gloss alkyd enamel. Combining high-resolution and fast, non-invasive scanning, OCT is therefore considered a promising tool for studying coating performance and for industrial inspection.
The Investigation of Microstructure, Photocatalysis and Corrosion Resistance of C-Doped Ti–O Films Fabricated by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Deposition with CO2 Gas
Authors: Wu Zhiyu , Zhang Cong , Liu Jiaqi , Wen Feng , Cao Huatang , Pei Yutao
Published: July 2021

By employing carbon dioxide as one source of reaction gases, carbon-doped Ti–O films were fabricated via reactive magnetron sputtering deposition. The chemical bonding configurations and microstructure of the films were analyzed by Raman spectrum and SEM, respectively. The effect of pH on the photocatalytic activities of the films was determined via evaluation of the decolorization rate of methyl orange under alkali, acid and neutrality conditions using UV light irradiation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization tests were employed to determine the anti-corrosion properties. Compared with the C-free Ti–O film, the C-doped Ti–O films exhibit superior corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the results of the photodegradation experiment suggest that the C-doped Ti–O films have excellent photocatalytic activities and, for methyl orange, those with higher carbon content exhibit hyper-photodegradative effect under the alkali condition.
Compositional and Morphological Comparison among Three Coeval Violins Made by Giuseppe Guarneri “del Gesù” in 1734
Authors: Fiocco Giacomo , Gonzalez Sebastian , Invernizzi Claudia , Rovetta Tommaso , Albano Michela , Dondi Piercarlo , Licchelli Maurizio , Antonacci Fabio , Malagodi Marco
Published: July 2021

In the present work, we had the opportunity to study the coating systems of three different coeval violins, namely “Spagnoletti”, “Stauffer”, and “Principe Doria”, made by Giuseppe Guarneri “del Gesù” in 1734. These three violins were non-invasively investigated by reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. These two techniques were combined for the first time with a 3D laser scanner. The analytical campaign enabled the characterization of the materials and their distribution within the stratigraphy, mainly composed of varnish and, when present, of a proteinaceous ground coat. Some restoration materials were also identified, suggesting the application of different maintenance treatments undertaken during their history. The preliminary information about morphological and geometrical differences between the three coeval violins were acquired through the 3D laser scanner in order to observe similarities and differences in the design features among the three violins.
Disorder in ADHD and ASD Post-COVID-19
Authors: Nash Carol
Published: July 2021

A diagnosis of either attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) identifies an individual as unable to attend expectedly and appropriately, particularly in school settings. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, what defined the expected and the appropriate was considerate, close physical contact among people. In understanding that aerosol droplets from vocalization cause the transmission of the COVID-19 virus, what is acceptable contact has now shifted to distancing oneself from people and communicating in a way that eliminates vocal spray. The norms for socialization diametrically changed as a consequence of the pandemic. Yet, there has been no concurrent reassessment of the meaning of “disorder” related to ADHD and ASD within the school setting. A diagnosis of ADHD and/or ASD often brings with it an expectation for special education. Therefore, it is important that changes in social norms be recognized as they define the meaning of “disorder”. Investigated here is in what way each diagnosis demonstrates disorder in response to the imposed COVID-19 restrictions and how this can be anticipated to affect the schooling of those with ADHD and ASD during the pandemic.
Sire Effects on Birth Weight, Gestation Length, and Pre-Weaning Growth of Beef-Cross-Dairy Calves: A Case Study in New Zealand
Authors: Coleman Lucy , Back Penny , Blair Hugh , López-Villalobos Nicolas , Hickson Rebecca
Published: July 2021

Production of beef-cross-dairy calves from dairy cows increases the value of non-replacement calves born to the dairy herd. The use of beef-breed sires may impact on calf birth weight, gestation length and pre-weaning growth rate of calves, which in turn influences the profitability of the dairy farm. The aim of this case study was to compare the birth weight, gestation length, and pre-weaning growth of progeny born to mixed-aged dairy cows on a single farm which were artificially bred to a selection of Angus and Hereford bulls, typical of those used over dairy herds in New Zealand. The birth weight, gestation length and pre-weaning growth of 980 calves sired by 65 sires were compared. Mean progeny birth weight (range 33.3–41.4 kg), gestation length (range 276.1–288.6 days), age at weaning (range 70.3–88.3 days) and pre-weaning ADG (range 0.63–0.76 kg/d) differed among sires (p < 0.001). There was a negative genetic correlation (−0.31) and positive phenotypic correlation (0.36) between gestation length and birth weight. Age at weaning was negatively correlated with birth weight (genetic: −0.56, phenotypic: −0.57). Bulls used in this study, and other bulls with similar genetic merit for birth weight and gestation length would be suitable for mating mixed-aged dairy cows in New Zealand.
Study of the Effect of Vertical Airfoil Endplates on Diffusers in Vehicle Aerodynamics
Authors: Porcar Laura , Toet Willem , Gamez-Montero Pedro Javier
Published: July 2021

Diffusers and the floor ahead of them create the majority of the downforce a vehicle creates. Outside motorsports, the diffuser is relatively unused, although its interaction with the ground is a consistent field of study owing to the aerodynamic benefits. The diffuser flow behavior is governed by three fluid-mechanical mechanisms: ground interaction, underbody upsweep, and diffuser upsweep. In addition, four different flow regimes appear when varying ride height, the vortices of which have great importance on downforce generation. The present study focuses on the diffuser’s fluid-dynamic characteristics undertaken within an academic framework with the objective of finding and understanding a high level of performance in these elements. Once the functioning of diffusers has been analyzed and understood, a new configuration is proposed: rear vertical airfoil endplates. The aim of the paper is to study the effect in performance of vertical airfoil endplates on diffusers in vehicle aerodynamics in a simplified geometry. The candidate to this geometry is the inversed Ahmed body, a geometry that is used as a model that simulates the flow behavior of car diffusers. Three different diffuser configurations are performed, namely 0° diffuser, 25° diffuser, and in the third case vertically installed rear vertical airfoil endplates are added to the 25° diffuser Ahmed body to change the flow field. These analyses are carried out by using open-source CFD simulation software OpenFOAM. An inlet velocity of 20 m/s is considered, as this is a typical velocity when cornering in motorsport. It is concluded that the 25° diffuser configuration generated more downforce than the 0° diffuser, which makes sense as the aim of adding a diffuser is to increase the amount of downforce produced. In addition, and as a result of the newly proposed configuration, the 25° diffuser Ahmed body with the vertical airfoil endplates emerges in a substantial increase of downforce thanks to the low-pressure zone generated at the back of the body.
Simulation and Characterization of Wind Impacts on sUAS Flight Performance for Crash Scene Reconstruction
Authors: Chu Tianxing , Starek Michael J. , Berryhill Jacob , Quiroga Cesar , Pashaei Mohammad
Published: July 2021

Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUASs) have emerged as promising platforms for the purpose of crash scene reconstruction through structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry. However, auto crashes tend to occur under adverse weather conditions that usually pose increased risks of sUAS operation in the sky. Wind is a typical environmental factor that can cause adverse weather, and sUAS responses to various wind conditions have been understudied in the past. To bridge this gap, commercial and open source sUAS flight simulation software is employed in this study to analyze the impacts of wind speed, direction, and turbulence on the ability of sUAS to track the pre-planned path and endurance of the flight mission. This simulation uses typical flight capabilities of quadcopter sUAS platforms that have been increasingly used for traffic incident management. Incremental increases in wind speed, direction, and turbulence are conducted. Average 3D error, standard deviation, battery use, and flight time are used as statistical metrics to characterize the wind impacts on flight stability and endurance. Both statistical and visual analytics are performed. Simulation results suggest operating the simulated quadcopter type when wind speed is less than 11 m/s under light to moderate turbulence levels for optimal flight performance in crash scene reconstruction missions, measured in terms of positional accuracy, required flight time, and battery use. Major lessons learned for real-world quadcopter sUAS flight design in windy conditions for crash scene mapping are also documented.
Structured H∞ Control for Spacecraft with Flexible Appendages
Authors: Zhang Yuntian , Pang Aiping , Zhu Hui , Feng Huan
Published: July 2021

Spacecraft with large flexible appendages are characterized by multiple system modes. They suffer from inherent low-frequency disturbances in the operating environment that consequently result in considerable interference in the operational performance of the system. It is required that the control design ensures the system’s high pointing precision, and it is also necessary to suppress low-frequency resonant interference as well as take into account multiple performance criteria such as attitude stability and bandwidth constraints. Aiming at the comprehensive control problem of this kind of flexible spacecraft, we propose a control strategy using a structured H-infinity controller with low complexity that was designed to meet the multiple performance requirements, so as to reduce the project cost and implementation difficulty. According to the specific resonant mode of the system, the design strategy of adding an internal mode controller, a trap filter, and a series PID controller to the structured controller is proposed, so as to achieve the comprehensive control goals through cooperative control of multiple control modules. A spacecraft with flexible appendages (solar array) is presented as an illustrative example in which a weighted function was designed for each performance requirement of the system (namely robustness, stability, bandwidth limit, etc.), and a structured comprehensive performance matrix with multiple performance weights and decoupled outputs was constructed. A structured H-infinity controller meeting the comprehensive performance requirements is given, which provides a structured integrated control method with low complexity for large flexible systems that is convenient for engineering practice, and provides a theoretical basis and reference examples for structured H-infinity control. The simulation results show that the proposed controller gives better control performance compared with the traditional H-infinity one, and can successfully suppress the vibration of large flexible appendages at 0.12 Hz and 0.66 Hz.
BeiDou Short-Message Satellite Resource Allocation Algorithm Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Xia Kaiwen , Feng Jing , Yan Chao , Duan Chaofan
Published: July 2021

The comprehensively completed BDS-3 short-message communication system, known as the short-message satellite communication system (SMSCS), will be widely used in traditional blind communication areas in the future. However, short-message processing resources for short-message satellites are relatively scarce. To improve the resource utilization of satellite systems and ensure the service quality of the short-message terminal is adequate, it is necessary to allocate and schedule short-message satellite processing resources in a multi-satellite coverage area. In order to solve the above problems, a short-message satellite resource allocation algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL-SRA) is proposed. First of all, using the characteristics of the SMSCS, a multi-objective joint optimization satellite resource allocation model is established to reduce short-message terminal path transmission loss, and achieve satellite load balancing and an adequate quality of service. Then, the number of input data dimensions is reduced using the region division strategy and a feature extraction network. The continuous spatial state is parameterized with a deep reinforcement learning algorithm based on the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) framework. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the transmission loss of the short-message terminal path, improve the quality of service, and increase the resource utilization efficiency of the short-message satellite system while ensuring an appropriate satellite load balance.
Relationship between Age and Value of Information for a Noisy Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Process
Authors: Wang Zijing , Badiu Mihai-Alin , Coon Justin P.
Published: July 2021

The age of information (AoI) has been widely used to quantify the information freshness in real-time status update systems. As the AoI is independent of the inherent property of the source data and the context, we introduce a mutual information-based value of information (VoI) framework for hidden Markov models. In this paper, we investigate the VoI and its relationship to the AoI for a noisy Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process. We explore the effects of correlation and noise on their relationship, and find logarithmic, exponential and linear dependencies between the two in three different regimes. This gives the formal justification for the selection of non-linear AoI functions previously reported in other works. Moreover, we study the statistical properties of the VoI in the example of a queue model, deriving its distribution functions and moments. The lower and upper bounds of the average VoI are also analysed, which can be used for the design and optimisation of freshness-aware networks. Numerical results are presented and further show that, compared with the traditional linear age and some basic non-linear age functions, the proposed VoI framework is more general and suitable for various contexts.
Wildlife Value Orientations and Demographics in Greece
Authors: Liordos Vasilios , Kontsiotis Vasileios J. , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Telidis Stylianos , Triantafyllidis Archimidis
Published: July 2021

Value orientations can predict attitudes and possibly behaviors. Wildlife value orientations (WVOs) are useful constructs for predicting differences in attitudes among segments of the public towards issues in the wildlife domain. We carried out face-to-face interviews with a representative sample of the Greek population (n = 2392) to investigate two basic WVOs, domination and mutualism and the four WVO types that result from their combination: traditionalist (high domination, low mutualism), mutualist (high mutualism, low domination), distanced (low mutualism, low domination) and pluralist (high mutualism, high domination), and how they relate to sociodemographics. Based on basic WVOs, the Greek population was predominantly mutualism-oriented. The analysis of WVO types also revealed that mutualists were the most abundant (41.0%) followed by the distanced (31.1%). Traditionalists (17.9%) and pluralists (10.0%) occupied smaller proportions of the population. Younger individuals were more mutualist-oriented, while older individuals (>35 years old) were more traditionalist and distanced-oriented. Females were more mutualist than males, the latter being more traditionalist. Those with higher education were more mutualist and less traditionalist and distanced than those with lower education. Pet owners were more mutualist and less distanced than non-pet owners. WVO types did not vary with current residence. The produced knowledge would inform about differences in WVOs among segments of the public and would be therefore useful for implementing successful wildlife conservation and management plans.
Design and Analysis of a Novel High-Gain DC-DC Boost Converter with Low Component Count
Authors: Rafiq Usman , Murtaza Ali Faisal , Sher Hadeed A. , Gandini Dario
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a novel high-gain DC-DC boost converter with reduced component count is proposed. The converter that is proposed in this paper provides high DC voltage gain, while keeping the overall component count significantly lower in comparison to some similar high voltage gain DC-DC converters presented recently. The proposed converter uses only one power switch, two inductors, two capacitors, and three didoes to achieve high-voltage gain, without a significant compromise on the efficiency. In addition, the proposed design uses small passive component sizes compared to other similar designs of the same power rating. Due to the reduced component count, and hence the small physical size, the proposed converter will find applications in several practical domains, ranging from industrial control embedded systems to the DC transmission bus bars in fully electrical vehicles and renewable energy distribution grids. A 250 Watts prototype of this newly proposed DC-DC boost converter was implemented and simulated using the PSIM simulation tool. The promising simulation results proved the reliable performance of the proposed DC-DC boost converter design.
Anion Coordination Improves High-Temperature Performance and Stability of NaPF6-Based Electrolytes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Tyler J. Landon , Sacci Robert L. , Nanda Jagjit
Published: July 2021

Electrolyte stability can be improved by incorporating complexing agents that bind key decomposition intermediates and slow down decomposition. We show that hexamethyl-phosphoramide (HMPA) extends both the thermal stability threshold of sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) in dimethoxyethane (DME) electrolyte and the cycle life of double-layer capacitors. HMPA forms a stable complex with PF5, an intermediate in PF6 anion thermal degradation. Unbound, this intermediate leads to autocatalytic degradation of the electrolyte solution. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic cycling measurements show large changes in the cell without the presence of HMPA at higher temperatures (≥60 °C). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) on the liquid and gas phase of the electrolyte shows without HMPA the formation of measurable amounts of PF5 and HF. The complimentary results of these measurements proved the usefulness of using Lewis bases such as HMPA to inhibit the degradation of the electrolyte solution at elevated temperatures and potentially lead to improve cycle life of a nonaqueous capacitor. The results showed a large increase in capacitance retention during cycling (72% retention after 750,000 cycles). The results also provide evidence of major decomposition processes (0% capacitance retention after 100,000 cycles) that take place at higher temperatures without the additive of a thermal stability additive such as HMPA.
Minimizing the Computational Effort to Optimize Solar Concentrators with the Open-Source Tools SunPATH and Tonatiuh++
Authors: Blanco Manuel J. , Grigoriev Victor , Milidonis Kypros , Tsouloupas George , Larrañeta Miguel , Silva Manuel
Published: July 2021

Integrals that are of interest in the analysis, design, and optimization of concentrating solar thermal systems (CST), such as the annual optical efficiency of the light collection and concentration (LCC) subsystem, can be accurately computed or estimated in two distinct ways: on the time domain and on the spatial domain. This article explores these two ways, using a case study that is highly representative of the commercial CST systems being deployed worldwide. In the time domain, the computation of these integrals are explored using 1-min, 10-min, and 1-h solar DNI input data and using The Cyprus Institute (CyI)’s High-Performance Computing (HPC) system and an open-source ray tracer, Tonatiuh++, being actively developed at CyI. In the spatial domain, the computation of these integrals is explored using SunPATH, another open-source software tool being actively developed at CyI, in tandem with Tonatiuh++. The comparison between the time and spatial domain approach clearly indicate that the spatial domain approach using SunPATH is dramatically more computationally efficient than the time domain approach. According to the results obtained, at least for the case study analyzed in this article, to compute the annual energy delivered by the LCC subsystem with a relative error less than 0.1%, it is enough to provide SunPATH with 1-h DNI data as input, request from SunPATH the sun position and weights of just 30 points in the celestial sphere, and run Tonatiuh++ to simulate these 30 points using 15 million rays per run. As the test case is highly representative, it is expected that this approach will yield similar results for most CST systems of interest.
Numerical Study on Strength and Failure Behavior of Rock with Composite Defects under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Xia Zhiguo , Li Peng , Liu Hongning
Published: July 2021

The cracks and holes in underground engineering are the critical factors that cause the instability of the surrounding rock. It is helpful to control the stability of surrounding rock to study the samples with combined defects of cracks and holes. In this study, PFC 2D is used to analyze the numerical models. Seven combined models of single circular hole and double cracks with different angles are established, and the fracture angle varies from 0° to 90° with an interval of 15°. First, uniaxial compression experiments and numerical simulations are carried out in the 0° defect combination model, and the microscopic parameters of PFC 2D are determined. Then, the numerical simulations of seven defect models under uniaxial compression are carried out, and the crack development law and acoustic emission characteristics of different defect combination models are studied. The failure modes, mechanical behavior, and stress states are studied. The displacement vector distributions of different defect combination models are analyzed; it is found that there are three main types of macro cracks in the defect combination samples. The results show that the combined defects reduce the strength of the model. Meanwhile, the distributions of the stress and displacement are changed by the cracks with different angles in the defective models.
Medium- and High-Tech Export and Renewable Energy Consumption: Non-Linear Evidence from the ASEAN Countries
Authors: Dinh Cong Khai , Ngo Quang Thanh , Nguyen Trung Thanh
Published: July 2021

Sustaining economic growth while reducing dependence on fossil fuels remains a challenge for our world to fight against climate change and therefore finding a way to promote economic growth and increase renewable energy use is needed. This paper uses a 22-year panel dataset (1994–2015) of 9 countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations provided by the World Bank World Development Indicators to examine the impact of medium- and high-tech export on renewable energy use. We employ a fixed-effects regression model with the Driscoll–Kraay nonparametric covariance matrix estimator to account for sectoral and temporal dependence. We also control for inflation, employment, population growth, and gross domestic product per capita in our estimations. Our results demonstrate a U-shaped association between medium- and high-tech export and renewable energy consumption of these economies. The results propose that enhancing medium- and high-tech export could be a feasible solution for promoting renewable energy consumption.
The Physical Optimum as an Ideal Reference Value for Balancing Thermodynamic Processes Integrating the Exergetic Evaluation by the Example of Heat Supply
Authors: Volta Dirk , Weber Samanta A.
Published: July 2021

This paper contains the basic definition and application of the physical optimum as a method for process evaluation and optimization. By means of the exemplary balance of a wood pellet-fired boiler, the conventional efficiency is compared to the PhO. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the possibility of applying the thermodynamic state variable exergy as a physical reference property of a system within the PhO method. To explain the approach, the heat generation in the wood pellet-fired boiler is compared to the supply from a heat pump, which itself is connected to a power plant. Furthermore, the process-independent PhO is explained in order to illustrate the limitations of feasible optimization. Additionally, possible research topics such as the integration of dynamic behavior in the method are approached. As a conclusion, the differences between the methods outline the advantage of the PhO in the optimization process.
Wideband Modeling of DC-DC Buck Converter with GaN Transistors
Authors: Musznicki Piotr , Derkacz Pawel B. , Chrzan Piotr J.
Published: July 2021

The general wideband modeling method of the power converter is presented on the example of DC-DC buck converter with GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT). The models of all basic and parasitic components are briefly described. The two methods of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) layout parameter extraction are presented. The results of simulation in Saber@Sketch simulation software and measurements are compared. Next, the model of the converter is reduced to obtain one lumped inductance of the input filter PCB for the analytical prediction of transistor turn-off ringing frequency and overvoltage. The practical use of the model is presented for sizing optimal capacitance of snubber.
Development of Empirical Correlation of Two-Phase Pressure Drop in Moisture Separator Based on Separated Flow Model
Authors: Kim Woo-Shik , Lee Jae-Bong , Kim Ki-Hwan
Published: July 2021

Pressure drop across the moisture separator installed in the steam generator of a nuclear power plant affects the power generation efficiency, and so accurate pressure drop prediction is important in generator design. In this study, an empirical correlation is proposed for predicting the two-phase pressure drop through a moisture separator. To ensure the applicability of the correlation, a series of two-phase air-water experiments were performed, and the results of the present test and of the benchmark test of high-pressure steam-water were used in developing the correlation. Based on the experimental results, quality, dimensionless superficial velocity, density ratio of the working fluid, and the geometrical factor were considered to be important parameters. The two-phase pressure drop multiplier was expressed in terms of these parameters. The empirical correlation was found to predict the experimental results within a reasonable range.
Using an Analytical Hierarchy Process to Analyze the Development of the Green Energy Industry
Authors: Chiu Wen-Hsiang , Lin Wen-Cheng , Chen Chun-Nan , Chen Nien-Ping
Published: July 2021

With global climate change and resource scarcity becoming increasingly serious issues, the green energy economy is transforming on a global scale. There are an increasing number of large-scale green energy development projects. However, these are often beset with risks; thus, this study conducted an analysis of the renewable energy risks in Taiwan using the analytical hierarchy process technique. Accordingly, a comprehensive study focusing into the current energy situation and potential development is needed. Renewable energy status and the availability by its main types, including, wind, solar, thermal, and biomass energies, were critically reviewed and discussed in this study. The findings of this study include the top 10 key operating risks recognized by specific green energy companies, as well as an assessment of which risks have been addressed and which have caused losses.
Zero Carbon Building Practices in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Bui Thao Thi Phuong , Wilkinson Suzanne , Domingo Niluka , MacGregor Casimir
Published: July 2021

In the light of climate change, the drive for zero carbon buildings is known as one response to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Within New Zealand, research on climate change mitigation and environmental impacts of buildings has received renewed attention. However, there has been no detailed investigation of zero carbon building practices. This paper undertakes an exploratory study through the use of semi-structured interviews with government representatives and construction industry experts to examine how the New Zealand construction industry plans and implements zero carbon buildings. The results show that New Zealand’s construction industry is in the early stage of transiting to a net-zero carbon built environment. Key actions to date are focused on devising a way for the industry to develop and deliver zero carbon building projects. Central and local governments play a leading role in driving zero carbon initiatives. Leading construction firms intend to maximise the carbon reduction in building projects by developing a roadmap to achieve the carbon target by 2050 and rethinking the way of designing and constructing buildings. The research results provide an insight into the initial practices and policy implications for the uptake of zero carbon buildings in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Multi-Inverter Linear Motor Based Vehicle Propulsion System for a Small Cargo Transportation
Authors: Michalczuk Marek , Nikoniuk Marcin , Radziszewski Paweł
Published: July 2021

The paper provides an analysis of a transportation system with a long stator linear drive. The presented analysis for an in-house transportation system may be easily scaled into large transportation systems like maglev and hyperloop. It investigates the impact of the division of the stator into shorter parts which are sequentially supplied. Then it compares the concept of single-inverter and multi-inverter drive systems. The presented research includes the analysis of drive system power parameters. The drive system characteristics depending on the length of the active part of the linear motor are presented for each configuration, followed by a description of differences in the required inverter power and the obtained average thrust force. The paper proposes a new arrangement of the multi-inverter drive system incorporating multi-level inverters, which allows decreasing voltage oscillations in the DC circuit of drive inverters. The operation of the transportation system is presented in a simulation study. The paper is concluded with the verification of the concept in an experimental study in a 50 m test track.
Research on the General Algorithm and Benefit of Real-Time Positioning Advertising System—Based on the Use of 5G Base Station Data
Authors: Cheng Wei-Min , Wang Sheng-Ming
Published: July 2021

Due to the limitations of mobile phone positioning technology in the past, it is difficult for an advertising system to obtain users’ locations. Although there are many advertising delivery ideas in the market, time and location-based advertising delivery system have not been able to meet the delivery needs of advertisers. This study investigates various time and location-based advertising needs in the market and finds a universal data processing model that can quickly organize user positioning data from telecom base stations into screening information. It helps us to find specific audiences and to deliver advertisements to target audiences quickly. This study evaluated various advertising scenarios’ effectiveness and explained why there is a performance gap usually between five to ten times worse compared to the past. This study discusses the problems encountered when implementing the advertising system and how to improve them. This study also examines advertising interaction methods based on 5G features, business cooperation and profit splitting with telecom operators, and more diversified data application orientations and possibilities such as market surveys, urban traffic, security issues, and epidemic prevention. The future challenge is to develop footprint tracking technologies based on 5G and provide smart cities with lives-protecting or cost-saving solutions.
Cooked Black Turtle Beans Ameliorate Insulin Resistance and Restore Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice on High-Fat Diets
Authors: Tan Yuqing , Tam Christina C. , Meng Shi , Zhang Yan , Alves Priscila , Yokoyama Wallace
Published: July 2021

Colored common beans are associated with health promoting and chronic disease prevention effects. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat (HF) diets supplemented with cooked black turtle beans (HFB) to prevent obesity related insulin resistance. Mice on both HF and HFB were obese compared to mice fed a low-fat (LF) diet. Plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride concentrations of mice fed HFB diet were 28% and 36.6% lower than those on HF diet. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index of mice fed HFB diet was 87% lower than that of mice fed HF diet. Diabetes related biomarkers, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), leptin, glucagon, and inflammatory cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5, 10 and 12, IFN-g and TNF-α were significantly affected by HFB diet. Pparα, Cyp7a1 and Fasn were down-regulated by HFB diet while LDL-R, Srebp-2, Adipoq and Slc2a4 were up-regulated by HFB diet. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) was also decreased 64.1% by HFB diet compared to HF diet. The results indicated that cooked black turtle bean consumption could ameliorate insulin resistance and lower plasma LDL in mice fed HF diet through glucose signaling pathway and JNK/c-Jun pathway. Meanwhile, cooked black turtle bean consumption restored the gut microbiome.
Ultrasonication of Thawed Huyou Juice: Effects on Cloud Stability, Physicochemical Properties and Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Zhou Xinyue , Wang Wenjun , Ma Xiaobin , Xu Enbo , Liu Donghong
Published: July 2021

In order to remove the flocculent precipitation in Huyou juice after frozen storage and thawing process, the thawed juice was ultrasonically treated with different power (45–360 W) and time (10–60 min) in ice bath (~0 °C), and its sedimentation behavior during storage was observed. After optimization, the cloud stability of juice could be improved by ultrasonic treatment with ultrasonic power of 360 W or more for at least 30 min, which could be stable during 7 days of storage at 4 °C. Under this optimal condition (360 W, 30 min), the effects of ultrasound on the physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of thawed Huyou juice during storage were investigated. The results showed that with smaller particle size and lower polymer dispersity index, ultrasonic treatment did not significantly change the color, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and bioactive compounds including flavonoids and other phenolics. In addition, all properties of samples were at the same level during storage. Thus, ultrasound was applicable since it can improve the cloud stability of Huyou juice with minimal impact on its physicochemical properties and nutritional quality compared to the untreated one.