bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of fish oils in amelioration of diabetes-induced tissue dam-ages in mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Kamat Shantal Ganapati , Roy Ramballav
Published: August 2021

Prolonged diabetes leads to multi-organ damages due to oxidative stress. Fish oil rich in omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acid is known to reduce the oxidative stress. The present study has been aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of two fish oils extracted from Sardinella longiceps and Rastrelliger kanagurta, in diabetes-induced tissue damages in liver, kidney and heart tissues of mice, Mus musculus. Diabetes was induced by repetitive intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan (100mg/kg BW). The diabetic mice were fed the commercial pellet diet supplemented with 10% laboratory extracted fish oil of S.longiceps and R.kanagurta, for period of one month. Concentra-tion of various parameters viz.,Thiobutaric acid reactive substance, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and reduced glutathione along with activities of Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Gamma glutamyltranspeptidase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Superoxide dismutase and Catalase were monitored in these tissues. Altered level of tissue biochemical composition and enzyme activities due to diabetes-induced damages was nearly brought down to nor-mal levels with the supplementation of 10% fish oil. Histological studies of liver, heart and kidney confirms the protective effect of dietary fish oil from diabetes induced tissue damages. Fish oil from S.longiceps brought maximum changes in concentration of TBARS, Vitamin C and in the activities of AST, LDH and Catalase in diabetic mice in comparison with the fish oil of R.kanagurta. Fish oil from S.longiceps offers better protective effect in diabe-tes induced mice in comparison to R. kanagurta oil.
Evaluation and correlation among T2DM patient with and without micro and macrovascular changes with various biochemical parameters
Authors: Tyagi Poonam
Published: August 2021

Serum insulin level and insulin resistance are the prominent precursors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and HbA1c level correlates favorably with glycemic level. Obesity and dietary macronutrients also apparently play a role in this disease. Hence, insulin resistance, HbA1c, lipid profile and Magnesium level were evaluated in T2DM subjects categorized as having macro and micro-vascular complications and results were compared with controls. 200 sub-jects, grouped as- group I (50 normal healthy controls) ,Group- II (75 patients without any complication) and Group- III (75 patients having micro or macrovascular complications) were selected for this research study. We observed the fasting blood glucose level, serum HbA1c level, serum insulin level, insulin resistance, magnesium level and lipid profile in all group subjects. Significant increase in serum fasting glucose (p<0.001), insulin level (p<0.001) and re-sistance (p<0.001) was observed in both group II and Group III subjects when compared with control group. . HbA1c (%) level were recorded very high in both study group patients (p<0.01 and p<0.001). Serum magnesium level was measured and study group diabetic patients showed hypomagnesemia (p<0.01). Statistically highly significant value of Serum total cholesterol (p<0.001), triglyceride (pË‚ 0.01) and LDL-C (p<0.001) were observed in both group subjects when compared with controls. Whereas statistically signifi-cantly decreases in serum HDLC (p<0.001) level were evaluated. Significant correlation coefficient with determination among diabetic group II and III patients and various biochemical parameters were evaluated. Hypomagnesemia and a higher level of cholesterol and TG values are responsible for macro-vascular changes in T2-DM.
Determination of nutritional and functional principles of the jujube pulp fruit, ecotype Zfisef from northeastern of Algeria
Authors: Zohra Mansour Insaf Fatima , Boufadi Mokhtaria Yasmina , Elkadi Fatima Zohra , Benali Amina ImÃ¨ne , Benali Mohammed
Published: August 2021

The aim of the present work was to valorize the exotic fruit of jujube, Zfisef ecotype, growing in the western region of Algeria and highly appreciated by the population. The various analyzes of primary metabolites showed an interesting nutritional profile. The fruit pulp of jujube had a dry matter content of 81±0.21%. The amount of ash (6.1±0.16%) was high and demonstrated a wealth of minerals. Total sugars represented more than 23.20±1.85% while proteins and lipids represented only 2.88±0.32 SAB equivalent and 0.28±0.03% respectively. Vitamin C from the pulp of the fruit of the jujube tree was 194±4.36 mg/100 g of substrate and appeared significant compared to other varieties of other biotope and to fruit ripening stages. The fruit pulp of jujube (50g) gave an ethanol extract of 3.78±0.31%. The latter allowed us to determine secondary metabolites, in this case the total polyphenols (7.80±0.40 mg EAG/g) flavonoids (25.58±1.96 mg EQ/g) gallic tannins (0.15±0.025 μg EAG/100g) catechin tannins (3.48±0.28 μg ECT/mg) total anthocyanins (4.81±0.44 mg ECy3g/100g) and total carotenoids (5.02±0.19 mg E b-carotene/100g). These biologically active molecules conferred to the product good DPPH antioxidant activity (56.60±3.99% with PFJ extract concentration of 0.25±0.062 mg/ml). Concentration of product required for 50% inhibition was 0.22mg/ml. Iron reduction power of our jujube fruit extract exhibited a good antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid. Also the presence of many phenolic compounds determined by LC-MS/MS with var-ied identities and antioxidant characters generate interest in making this product a functional food.
Exposure to 1800 MHz GSM- like radiofrequency electromagnetic field reduces follicular development and overall fertility of female rats
Authors: Alchalabi Ali S. H. , Aklilu Erkihun , Aziz Abd Rahman , Malek F. , Ronald S. H. , Khan Mohd Azam
Published: August 2021

In the current study, the effect of 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation exposure on female rats’ fertility was investigated. The study was conducted on the nine groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats (20 rats/group) with a control group and exposure groups which exposed to EMF 1hr/day and 2hr/day for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. Animals were whole-body exposed using a GSM-like radiofrequency generator at SAR level 0.048 W/Kg. After the last exposure, rats were divided into two subgroups for fertility evaluation, ovari-an follicle count, and oxidative stress assessment. Prolonged cohabitation day until delivery in exposure groups animals compared to control was ob-served. Moreover, a significant decrease in the number of pups per delivery was observed. Ovarian follicle count showed a dramatic decrease in exposure groups throughout the experiment except the number of atretic follicles was significantly increased compared to control groups. FSH level was signifi-cantly reduced within exposure groups. LH level remained constant except in 2hr. /day group for 60 days. Melatonin levels were significantly lower in ex-posure groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity was reduced in most exposure groups. Malondialdehyde levels were raised significantly in most expo-sure groups compared to the control. Our findings conclude that exposure to electromagnetic field's cause female reproductive activity impairment.
Diagnosis of a chronic vaginitis: Characterization of Candida albicans and in vitro antagonistic activities of vaginal Lactobacillus
Authors: Nadia Bechelaghem , Rachid Djibaoui , Mehdi Ettalhi , Abed Arabi
Published: August 2021

Long-term use of antibiotics, in the treatment of vaginal infection can lead to Candida overgrowth. The motive of the present study was real case of a woman with chronic vaginitis. During ten years, the patient was subjected to a treatment with antibiotics such as gentamycin and lincomycin. Following remarks of a gynecologist, the complicated infection showed like yeast vaginitis symptoms. Consequently we isolated the germ from a vaginal swab sample taken from the patient, and then it was identified phenotypically and belonged to Candida albicans. Our study was followed by examination of the effects of pH, temperature and growth media on the morphogenesis of the isolated C. albicans. The results showed that pH 7.4, temperature at 37 °C and glucose free medium were optimal conditions for filamentation. In order to study the antagonistic effect of vaginal lactobacilli against C. albicans, we used 23 Lactobacilli isolated from several healthy women. The results showed that all isolates had an inhibitory effect against C. albicans with a maximal zone of 25.67 ± 0.58 mm obtained by the isolate L17.
Analysis of tolerance indices for germplasm evaluation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) subjected to terminal drought stress
Authors: Mahforojaki Mehdi Savadkohi , Talebi Reza , Pourdad Sayyed Saeid
Published: August 2021

In order to evaluate quantitative drought resistance criteria in some safflower genotypes, fiftheen genotypes were evaluated both under moisture stress and non-stress field environments using a randomized complete block design for each environment. The genotypes showed significant differences in grain yield and other traits. Grain yield under irrigated conditions was adversely correlated with water deficit condition, suggesting that high potential yield under optimal conditions does not necessarily result in improved yield under stress conditions. Genotypes G64, G92 and PI253527 showed lower yield reduction than the average of other genotypes. Surprisingly, most of the genotypes showed more than 30% yield reduction under drought stress. The positive correlation between TOL and irrigated yield (Yp) and the negative correlation between TOL and yield under stress (Ys) suggest that selection based on TOL will result in reduced yield under well-watered conditions. We conclude that GMP and STI are able to discriminate tolerant group of genotypes under both environments. Therefore, genotypes G47, G64, G42 and S411 are superior genotypes for both environments. Genotypes S310 , S149 and Almaneriz are more suitable for non-moisture stress than moisture-stress environment.
Development of a Bioprocess to Reduce Pathogenic Load and Malodor of Human Night Soil
Authors: Lanjekar V B , Deshpande M G , Padmanabhan G , Dnyansagar V Ravindra , Ranade D R , Dhakephalkar P K
Published: August 2021

Managing solid waste, especially fecal matter is a growing challenge worldwide. According to WHO, 2.6 billion people lack access to adequate sanitation. Only 26-50 % of Indian population has access to proper sanitation facilities. The problem of untreated human excrement or night soil is not only restricted to urban development’s or defense camps; even religious gatherings are affected by the lack of sanitation. Religious event such as annual pilgrimage of Pandharpur is one such glaring example. Such defecated matter, if left untreated will cause environmental pollution and serious health hazards, which is evident from the offensive mal odor and associated pathogenic load. In the present investigation, we have described a bioprocess that uses a defined formulation comprising of microorganisms and harmless chemicals. The said bioprocess results in accelerated degradation of organic matter that reduces the environment polluting organic load associated with fecal excreta. The bioprocess also inhibits the health compromising microbial pathogens that are inhibited by various metabolites produced by Lactobacillus component of microbial formulation. The bioprocess also results in the generation of methane gas subsequent to organic matter deg-radation and can be used as a source of fuel. The process also generates or-ganic slurry that can be used as fertilizer/ organic manure. Thus, the present investigation has described a process for treatment of fecal excreta in closed or open environment to inhibit pathogens, mal odor, pollution associated with untreated fecal excreta.
Comparative evaluation of epigeic earthworm species suggests better nutrient mineralization efficiency of vegetable market solid waste by Eisenia fetida
Authors: Meghvansi Mukesh K. , Khan Mohammad Haneef , Gupta Rajeev , Veer Vijay
Published: August 2021

The current study was carried out for the purpose of comparative evaluation of vegetable market waste degradation potential of three earthworm species (Eisenia fetida, Perionyx excavatus and Eudrilus eugeniae). The vegetable waste used as substrate in this study was collected from Mission Chariali vegetable market in Tezpur, Assam, India. Non-biodegradable materials such as polythenes, plastic etc. were segregated and organic waste was sun-dried. Cow dung was mixed with the substrate in 1:3 proportion and subjected to vermicomposting with three earthworms species separately. The data on physicochemical properties of the compost bed along with earthworm activity were collected every 10 days interval. The experiment was continued until 70 days. Analysis of the data indicated that E. fetida posed maximal nutrient mineralization and reduction in C:N ratio when compared with the data of day 0 with of day 70. Also, the values of vermicomposting coefficient were maximum for E. fetida. Moreover, the mean individual weight of E. fetida was also maximum during the decomposition period. Although Eu. eugeniae increased in total biomass much more rapidly than E. fetida, nevertheless, the cocoon production rate was greatest (78.67) in case of E. fetida, indicating the differential resource allocation with trade-off between sex alloca-tion and growth by Eu. eugeniae in a non-conducive environment during its life cycle. Overall, the results indicate suitability of E. fetida for vegetable waste degradation.
Effect of sodium metabisulfite on lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities in adult rat stomach and spleen
Authors: Zohra Elkadi Fatima , Yasmina Boufadi Mokhtaria , Samira Meziani , Zohra Sarsar Fatima , Soraya Djebara , Ghislaine Dra Amira , ImÃ¨ne Benali Amina , Zohra Mansour Insaf Fatima , Mohammed Benali
Published: August 2021

Sodium metabisulfite (NaMBS) has been used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in a variety of drugs and foods. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of subchronic ingestion of NaMBS on lipid peroxidation, protein and enzymatic antioxidants in the gastric tissue and splenic Wistar rat. The rats were divided into four groups (n = 06 rats/group) as follows; Control (C), rats treated with 0.25% NaMBS (S0.25%), rats treated with 1% NaMBS (S1%) and rats treated with 4% NaMBS (S4%). NaMBS was administered to animals via drinking water. At the end of the experimental period, Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxi-dase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and thiols were determined. Redox status assess-ment revealed that 1% and 4% NaMBS doses induced gastric and spleen lipid peroxidation in animals compared to the control group. On the other hand, activities of SOD, GPx, CAT and thiols were reduced in the S1% and S4% groups in the stomach and spleen compared to the controls. Slight changes were detected in the GPx and CAT in the stomach of S0.25% group compared to the control group. In conclusion, the subchronic consumption of NaMBS has an adverse effect on the spleen and stomach by inducing oxidative damage leading to an increase in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and alteration of enzyme activity antioxidant.
Coagulase gene polymorphism and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis milk in Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria
Authors: Belmamoun Ahmed Reda , Ammam Abdelkader , Berrabah Imene , Reguig Karima Bereksi
Published: August 2021

The study was conducted to identify and characterize Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk derived from subclinical mastitis in Sidi-Bel-Abbes Algeria. In this paper, we explore the possibility of detection of the coagulase gene (coa), which encodes the coagulase enzyme, by PCR analysis in antibiotic-resistant isolates, with the latex agglutination phenotype and free coagulase.Out of 336 samples of raw milk examined with California mastitis test (CMT) posi-tive; a total of 142 samples were bacteriologically positive with 56.34% Staphylococcus isolates, 21 (26.25%) isolates were confirmed as S.aureus. Nineteen (90.48%) isolates of S.aureus showed free coagulase on the tube agglutination test. Two atypical S.aureus strains (9.52%) were defective for the clumping factor and / or protein A , determined with the Staphytect plus test and the tube coagulase test. The isolates of S.aureus were resistant to penicillin and tetracycline with 76.19%. Two isolates (9.52%) of S.aureus re-sistant to meticillin (MRSA) were detected in this study, with a MIC of ≥4 μg / liter and a cefoxitin screen test with a MIC of ≥8 μg / liter, and 13 (61.9%) isolates were with a multiresistance phenotype. The 21 isolates were sub-jected to PCR amplification of the 3' end of the coa gene, 18 (85.71%) were revealed on a 1% agarose gel with a single band between 547 bp and 875 bp. The use of the PCR genotypic test to identify the profile of the coa gene can be used as an appropriate identification criterion for differentiating coagulases from S.aureus and for understanding their epidemiology.
Effect of carbon, nitrogen and physico-chemical factors on patulin production in Penicillium expansum
Authors: Mansouri Aouatef Mansouri , Elkarbane Miloud , Aziz Mohamed Ben , Mâ€™Barek Hasna Nait , Hafidi Majida , Hajjaj Hassan
Published: August 2021

Environmental and nutritional factors play important roles in regulating production of mycotoxins. Few studies have been reported on the biosynthesis of patulin mycotoxin and the mechanisms that involve its biosynthesis in Penicillium expansum. Here, we investigated the effects of two culture media, pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources and effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio on mycotoxin biosynthesis by P. expansum isolated from Moroccan cereals. It was found that pH and temperature had great influence on patulin production. Results also showed that carbon and nitrogen sources influ-enced patulin biosynthesis significantly in this strain. L-glutamate was optimized as important nitrogen source in synthetic culture medium. Effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio was evaluated which indicated the dependence of patulin production on this ratio. These results will provide useful information to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of patulin biosynthesis, and be helpful in developing effective means for controlling a mycotoxin contam-ination of foods and feeds.
Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LbRE-LSAS and some Bifidobacterium sp against Shigella sonnei
Authors: Chaalel Abdelmalek , Boukezzoula Nawal , Belhocine Mansouria , Tefiani Choukri , Riazi Ali
Published: August 2021

Since their discovery, antibiotics have been one of the most useful tools in the struggle against infectious disease. However, due to their overuse, numerous pathogens developed multiple resistances against antibiotics. Searching and studying antagonistic GRAS (generally recognized as save) bacteria is a promising field to find innovating treatment against infectious diseases. Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium are GRAS bacteria well known for their antagonistic effect on other microorganisms including pathogens such as Shigella sonnei. The antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus rham-nosus LbRE-LSAS strain and four strains of Bifidobacterium genera: longum (Bl431 and Bl432), bifidum (Bb442) and animalis. sbsp lactis (Bb12), was evaluated using two different techniques: Spot On Agar Test (SPAT) and Agar well diffusion test (AWDT) against Shigella sonnei (Ss CECT 457), Micrococcus luteus (M1-CECT241) and five lactic indicator strains: Carnobacterium maltoaromaticum CECT 5805), Lactobacillus plantarum (LbP CECT 748), Pedio-coccus pentosaceus (Pp CECT 4695), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LbA CECT 4529), Lactobacillus sakei (Lbs 673). We noted a maximum diameter of the inhibition zone by SPAT technique with strain the Bb12 (16.67 mm) followed by the strain LbRE-LSAS (16.42 mm). However, the maximum diameter of the inhibition zone using SPAT technique was obtained with the strain Bb12 (11.89 mm) followed by the strain LbRE-LSAS (11.11 mm). The antagonistic activity against Shigella sonnei was also evaluated using the coculture method. The maximum inhibition observed after 24 h of coculture was 6.54 log recorded with the strain LbRE-LSAS. Through these results we can clearly deduce the antagonistic potential of the two strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus LbRE-LSAS and Bifidobacterium longum Bl431, as to prevent or treat any shigellosis caused by Shigella sonnei.
Morphoconstitutional analysis of a series of 166 urinary stones in Western Algeria for a period of two years (2015-2017)
Authors: Fatima Bouzana , Khayra Sbahi , Slimane Kerroumi , Abderahmane Attar , Omar Seghir Madjhouda , Djamel Youcefi Mustafa , Michel Daudon , Brahim Kacem , Ahmed Addou
Published: August 2021

A stone is not only an obstacle, sometimes painful, on the urinary tract justifying an emergency urological gesture to restore their permeability. It is primarily a symptom of crystallogenic pathologies or urinary imbalances of nu-tritional origin whose recurrence is the rule if the cause has not been correctly identified. It is therefore recommended in the patient's interest; analyze the calcul or its fragments to determine its composition and structure, one and / or the other orienting towards the pathology in question. A series of 166 urinary stones were collected nearby the hospitals of western Algeria after urological intervention or spontaneous expulsion and sequential analysis of the nucleus at the surface by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. The male / female ratio was 1.78. The study of the anatomical localization of the stones showed a predominance of the high urinary tract with a rate of 76.9%. 27.3% of the stones were located in the left kidney compared to 25.7% in the right kidney. Analysis of the crystalline composition showed that calcium oxalate was predominant in 65.8% of the calculs and in 58.5% of the nuclei. In all, whewellite was present in 46.9% of cases and weddellite in 18.9%. uric acid anhydrous was the major component of 12.2% of the calculations analyzed. It was present in 23.3% of cases with predominance in subjects over 60 years. Our results show that the lithiasis of the urinary tree in western Algeria tends to evolve in the same direction as that of the industri-alized countries.
Phytochemical characterization and antibacterial activity of Eclipta alba (L.) L. (Asteraceae) against some dental micro flora from Mewar region of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Keer N. R. , Singh J. , Meena K. L.
Published: August 2021

In the current study, phytochemical characterization and antibacterial activi-ty of Eclipta alba (L.) L. leaf extract against some dental micro flora have been investigated. Plant species was collected from Chittorgarh district Mewar region of Rajasthan. Dried leaves were subjected to methanol extrac-tion. Phytochemical investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive components in the methanol extract of E. alba leaves using standard methods. All concentrations of the extract exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus. During the study 100 mg/ml extract showed maximum zone of inhibition 13 mm against E. coli, 12 mm against P. aeruginosa and 14 mm zone of inhibition against B. subtilis, 12 mm zone of inhibition against M. luteus.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Combined and Separated Antioxidant Supplementation of Vitamin C and E on Semen Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Benabbou Amina , Khaled Meghit Boumediene , Alchalabi Ali Saeed
Published: August 2021

Male reproductive functions could be affected at multiple levels due to dia-betes mellitus. Antioxidants vitamins have direct impact on improving male reproductive capacity. Our objective was to assess the efficiency of treat-ment with vitamin C and E in the case of whether diabetes mellitus is the cause of infertility or if infertile men suffer from diabetes by inducing diabe-tes on male Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each: a normoglycemic control. Other four groups were given a single dose of streptozotocin, and divided into: diabetic control, diabetic + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin C, diabetic + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin E, diabetic + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin C + 250 mg/kg/day of vitamin E by gavage during 30 consecutive days. Animals were anesthetized, sacrificed to evaluate body and reproductive organ weights, plasma hormone levels, and semen quality. Compared to normoglycemic animals, diabetic rats showed reduced body weight (211.33 ± 8.70gr) and epididymis (1.35 ± 0.10 gr). The testis weight (3.10 ± 0.14 gr) and sperm count (2.72 ± 4.61 x 106) were maintained. A reduction of LH and testosterone levels (0.10 ± 0.00, and 0.25 ± 0.12) respec-tively. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the final body and epididy-mis weights, hormonal levels, and sperm count among diabetes vitamins treated groups as compared to the normoglycemic and hyperglycemic groups. Diabetes mellitus induces adverse effects on reproductive capacity. Antioxidant vitamins C and E improves sperm quality and increases hormonal levels.
Population structure and genetic diversity using microsatellite markers of four Algerian rabbit populations precludes hybridization with foreign breeds
Authors: K. Boukabene Fouzia , A. Homrani , A. Ammam
Published: August 2021

The genetic characterization of our native rabbit populations is crucial for their development of genetic improvement and conservation programs. In the current study, fifteen microsatellite markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among four Algerian popula-tions of rabbits; White (B), White and grey (G), Black and white (N) and Brown and white (M) in addition to Gabali (EG) and New Zealand White (EN) from Egypt. The microsatellites were INRACCDDV0003, SAT2, SAT3, SAT4, SAT5, SAT7, SAT8, SAT12, SAT13, SOL30, SOL33, SOL44, D3Utr2, D6Utr4 and D7Utr5. 90 animals were studied including 15 rabbits from each population. Results revealed that the average number of alleles per locus was 14.26 and the observed heterozygosity averaged 0.62 and ranging from 0.47 in marker SAT2 to 0.8 in marker, D6Utr4 while the expected heterozygosity averaged 0.72 and ranged from 0.62 in marker SAT2 to 0.77 in marker SOL44. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.85 and ranged from 0.77 at locus D3Utr2 to 0.93 at locus SOL33. Most loci showed deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium with highly significant level. The inbreeding coefficient of the individuals relative to the total population (FIT) was the highest 0.28. The within-population heterozygote deficit (FIS) averaged 0.13. The pairwise variation among the populations (FST) averaged 0.16 and rang-ing from 0.09 for D3Utr2 to 0.27 for SAT2. The highest pairwise Nei’s genetic distance was recorded between G and EG (0.87) and the closest genetic dis-tance for natif population was between M and N (0.33). The smallest pair-wise FST was recorded between G and M (0.059). B, G and M, N populations were clustered together forming admixed mosaic cluster.
Algerian Anacyclus pyrethrum aqueous extract: novel antioxidant and neuroprotectant activity of a chemically profiled aqueous extract
Authors: Yahiaoui Hassiba , Howes Melanie-Jayne , Ohiomakhare Samuel , Mâ€™Hamedi Ahmed , Chazot Paul L
Published: August 2021

Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag has a long tradition of medical use in Algeria. We report for the first time the antioxidant, functional and neuroprotective properties of this plant from Algeria. Differences in biochemical and physiological properties for the aqueous and methanol extracts of A. pyrethrum are reported and related to the main chemical constituents. The A. pyrethrum extracts contained amino acids, caffeoylquinic acids, N-feruloyltyramine and alkaloids, including including N-alkylamides, common in this plant species. Aqueous extracts (0.1 mg/ml) are neuroprotective against H2O2-induced oxidative stress, while methanol extracts (high phenolic content), despite significant antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity, caused dysregulation of calcium signalling in neurons and was not apparently neuroprotective. Such knowledge can provide incentive for the sustainable cultivation of Algerian A. pyrethrum, with the aim of supporting conservation strategies and preserving biodiversity.
Tartrazine induced oxidative damage in mice liver and kidney
Authors: Alioui Latifa , Mehedi Nabila , Youcef Bouhada , Kheroua Omar , Saidi Djamel
Published: August 2021

Tartrazine is an azo dye which is widely used as colorant in foods, drugs and cosmetics.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tartrazine on biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers on Swiss mice. Tartrazine was administered in drinking water at doses of 0%, 0.005% and 0.05% for 90 days. Both doses of tartrazine declined the body weight gain. In contrary, high dose increased glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL, LDL/HDL and CT/HDL, transaminases, total protein (TP), total and direct bilirubin, , urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium levels. However, high dose of tartrazine decreased HDL, chloride, phosphorus and magnesium levels, whereas, tartrazine decreased calcium levels only in female. Both doses of tartrazine declined total antioxidant capacity. Protein carbonyls were in-creased in liver and kidney whith high dose. Liver and kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased in male at low and high doses. However, liver SOD was reduced only in female at high dose. Oral administration of tartrazine affects liver and kidney functions as well as induces oxidative stress in mice. So, tartrazine consumption might be harmful to human health. It is necessary that people should be carefully consumed foods containing tartrazine.
Protective potential of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L. against Dicofol-induced poisoning in rats as established through clinical chemistry, histopathology and 1H-NMR-based metabonomics
Authors: Benourad Fouzia , Kahvecioglu Zehra-Cagla , Youcef-Benkada Mokhtar , Colet Jean-Marie
Published: August 2021

Pesticides, organochlorines, analogues and derivatives of DDT, those are all terms often associated with health risks, intoxications, nephropathies and other hepatotoxicities. These are phytosanitary products that interfere with the internal metabolism of sensitive organs, such as the kidney or the liver, which orchestrate the metabolism and elimina on of xenobiotics. In this study, a group of Wistar rats was intraperitoneally exposed to Dicofol, a pesticide analogue of DDT. A second group received preven ve injec ons of a diluted thyme essen al oil solu on for four days before exposure to Dicofol. The evaluation of the toxic effects possibly induced by Dicofol in the two experimental groups was carried out using a mul disciplinary approach in- cluding clinical chemistry, histopathology and 1H-NMR-based metabonomics. Histopathological examina on showed pulmonary in amma on and kidney damage in the group exposed to Dicofol. The metabonomic study revealed metabolic disturbances in the liver and kidney. The protective role of the essential oil of thyme was clearly demonstrated from the metabonomic profiles and was confirmed by histological examina on of organs.
Pimpinella anisum essentiel oil enhances spatial learning performance of rats exposed to Hgcl2 during the developmental period
Authors: Wafaa Arabi , Khaled Kahloula , E.H. Adli Djallal , Kaddour Ziani , Miloud Slimani
Published: August 2021

The essential oil of Pimpinella anisum has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases. This study was aimed to test, in vivo, effect of exposition to mercury chloride (100mg/L) in wistar rats during the gestation and lactation period. On the other hand, treatment of pups with essential oil of P. anisum (0.25 ml/kg) for 21 days. The behavioural patterms evaluated was spatial memory ( Morris water maze) and the determination of mercury concentration in blood and brain. The data were analysed by two way analyses of variance (ANOVAs). When a significant difference was found, the Student Newman Keuls post hoc test was conducted. The results of the present study demonstrated that exposure to mercury in developmental period induced, significantly decrease of the learning performance (p < 0.01; p < 0.05) compared to control rats. Thus, the concentration of mercury in the intoxicated group is high in the blood and brain. However, the administration of P. anisum essential oil resulted into an improvement of learning perfor-mance (p< 0.01; p< 0.05) and reduction of mercury blood and brain mercury. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that mercury exposure during the developmental period induces learning disabilities and remains trapped in blood and brain. This could be improved by the treatment with Pimpinella anisum essential oil.
Alterations in the biochemical parameters and the spermatic function generated by obesity in rats
Authors: Abbes Zahira , A. Demmouche , N. Menadi , H. Mai A. , R. Bahri M. , Z. Morsli , S. Bouazza , D. Ferrag , H. Bekhedda , C. Khalloua Z. , K. Demmouche , M. Zouba , B. Sebti
Published: August 2021

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a hyperlipidic diet set before puberty in male Wistar rats’ gonadal weights and testicular func-tions. Males rats were used for the study, they were randomly distributed into 2 groups: Control Group (CG: standard diet (normolipidemic) and the second: Intervention Group (IG: hyperlipidemic diet), after 7 days of experi-mentation, 3 rats were sacrificed per week, blood samples were collected and level of HDL, LDL and triglyceride were analyzed. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in testicular weight in the control group was observed compared with the hyperlipidic diet group, triglyceride levels showed a consistent change over the weeks of the study, HDL levels showed a consistent change during the 5 weeks of the study, Photomicraphie of the testicles of Wistar rats in the hyperlipid diet group for the first week showed Sertoli cell hyper-plasia ,during the second week microscopic examination showed significant testicular hypertrophy the microscopic examination during the fifth week showed hyperplasia of the seminal vesicle characterized by an increase in the number of glandular epithelial cells. The proliferating epithelium may form papillary structures with supporting stroma and with extension into the glandular lumen and total absence of sperm cells. Obesity is associated with many metabolic abnormalities. It has been found that these metabolic ab-normalities induce disorders of spermatogenesis. Our results show that the hyperlipidic diet affects the gonads significantly with hypertrophic testes, the presence of hyperplastic seminiferous tubes, as well as a fine basement membrane.
Growth of lactic ferments and sensory quality of a functional fermented milk based on pulp and seeds of Citrullus colocynthis
Authors: Djebara Soraya , Zohra Mansour Insaf Fatima , Elkadi Fatima Zohra , Sarsar Fatima Zohra , Benali Amina Imene , Djabara Faiza , Dra Amira Ghislaine , Zairi Mohamed , Menadi Noureddine , Meziani Samira , Demmouche Abbassia , Benali Mohammed
Published: August 2021

The general objective of this work was to open perspectives for the use of health effect plants in industrial, domestic or artisan food formulas. This work involves incorporating Citrullus colocynthis at different rates into the milk and designing a yoghurt functional food. For this purpose, the chemical composition and the antioxidant capacity of the pulp and seeds of C. colo- cynthis were determined. Biochemical analyzes showed the importance of sugars (11.31 ± 1.08%) of fat (18.90 ± 0.78%) and proteins (13.58 ± 0.52%) in the seeds compared to the pulp. The polyphenols and avonoids of the methanolic and ethanolic seed extracts were quan ta vely greater than in the pupa. However, the an radical ac vi es were doses dependent and less important in the seeds than in the pulp. The pH values obtained indicate a more pronounced acidi ca on in the milk supplemented with seed powder (PGCco). The enumera on of lactic ferments Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus on milk medium supplemented with PGCco showed, contrary to the medium containing the pulp powder (PPCco), growth greater than that of the control from T4h (P <0.05). The sensory anal- ysis of yogurt-type fermented milk using classi ca on and triangular tests showed that the bi erness of the PGCco-based product was no ceable from 0.5g / 100ml while that of the PPCco product at 0.2g / 100ml. The associa- on probio c-an oxidants was compa ble and argues in favor of the design of a functional food with healing properties.
Comparative study of two lactases by K-Lolac enzymatic method in skimmed milk
Authors: Benbouziane Bouasria , Bentahar Mohamed-ChÃ©rif , Takarly Hayet , Benakriche Ben Mehel
Published: August 2021

Lactose absorption at the level of the small intestine depends on its hydrolysis by β-galactosidase. The activity of this enzyme, which gets to the peak at the beginning and halflife, decreases progressively after weaning. This activity loss (hypolactasie) is a physiological phenomenon observed in 70 to 75% of the world’s population. Hypolactasy is transmited according to an autosomal recessive mode to an incomplete penetrance and is linked to polymorphosis located in the promoter region of the gene coding the lactase. A solution is proposed regarding ingestion of dairy dislactosed products or products with unduly low lactose rates. In this study, two different enzymes were used, a β-galactosidase of Bifidobacterium [β-gal Bb] source and another β-galactosidase of Kluyveromyces lactis [β-gal Kl] source with different concentrations on lactose degradation in a preparation based on skimmed milk at 4° C during 18h with a 39 g/l lactose rate. Determining hydrolysis rate in lactose was achieved with an enzymatic method using a Megazyme K-lolac kit. The results demonstrated that β-gal Kl (Maxilat) in a 100 µl/L dose gives an optimal performance as compared to β-gal Bb (Nola fit) in residual lactose concentrations 1.85 g/L and 2.78 g/L respectively. However, in a dose that was superior to 1500 and 2000, the β-gal Bb was significantly more performing than β-gal Kl. To sum up, the enzymatic method used to define the residual lactose rate, the kit KLolac, gives very reliable results with a low threshold (LOD 1.62 mg/L).
Comparative study of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oil and methanolic extract of cultivated sage from Mascara region (North West of Algeria) indicates a strong antioxidant activities and an important antibacterial action wi
Authors: Nair Samira , Djendara Ali Cerif , Saim Halima , Mouffokes Rafika
Published: August 2021

The plant world is an excellent source of active principles, which confers its important activity. In Algeria, a large number of aromatic and medicinal plants grow spontaneously, common sage (Salvia officinalis) is a popular culinary and medicinal herb. These natural products and their active principles are sources for new drug discovery and treatment of diseases. To this end, the interest of this work is the valorization of a medicinal plant (Salvia officinalis) growing spontaneously in the region of Mascara by the study of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the methanolic extracts and also essential oils of sage. The essential oil was isolated from aerial part of S. officinalis by hydrodistillation. The results obtained showed that the species studied (S. officinalis) was very rich in volatile substances with a yield of the order of1.19%. The antioxidant activity showed a good efficiency of the methanolicextract with respect to the essential oil with IC50s of 0.778 mg / ml and27.929 mg / ml respectively. In general, the essential oil of S. officinalis hasan interesting antibacterial power against all studied germs. These resultsare promising and provide scientific validation of the massive use of this species.
Evaluation of leaf extracts from Algerian Argania spinosa. L. Skeels. (Sapotaceae) trees: Total phenol content, protein content, and Antibacterial activities against six against clinical phytopathogenic bacteria
Authors: Fadila Cherifi , Meriem Kaid Harche
Published: August 2021

Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels. (Argan) is tropical species, this plant is known bythese therapeutic and medecinal uses. For this purpose, we test antibacterial potential of leaf extracts of three Algerian population of Argan trees andwe evaluate the geographical distribution and solvent extraction effect onthe antibacterial activities. In first, Levels of total phenol content, total protein content of leaf extracts were determined by UV-spectrophotometer,secondary, The agar well diffusion method were used to determine enzymeactivities of proteins, antibacterial effect and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts. The amounts of the phenol and protein concentrations in tested extracts were in ranged respectively between (118.83-147.17mg/mL) of Gallic acid equivalents (mg/mL) ) and (31.33-40.55mg/mL)of BSA (mg/mL), the crude fresh extract and crude protein extract showperoxidase activities, while protease activities were not found in ours extracts. Microbiological tests showed a high antibacterial potential of methanol extracts against tested bacteria ,Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) wasmost sensitive to methanol extracts (IZD: 17mm to 23.5),in opposite, aqueous extracts show weak antibacterial activities. Crude protein extracts hadnot antibacterial effects while crude fresh extracts were efficiency againstbacterial growth, biochemical enzyme tests revealed that crude extracts ofthe leaves show peroxidase activity wish may to increase antibacterial activities of crude extracts. The high activities of leaf Argan extracts were detected in Oran samples (littoral area) followed by Tindouf samples (arid area),this result confirmed positive relationships between geographical distribution of samples and their antibacterial activities.
Evaluation of resistance of rice genotypes (derived from the cross between HKR-127 and IRBB-60) against bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Mehta Kirti , Baliyan Nikita , Meena Rahul Kumar , Yashveer Shikha
Published: August 2021

Rice crop is susceptible to various bacterial diseases and one such commonly known disease is Bacterial Blight (BB) caused by the pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Rice variety HKR-127 is widely accepted by rice farmers, users and buyers in Haryana (India) owing to its high agricultural produce, medium lanky grains, and outstanding cooking characteristics, however, HKR-127 exhibits less endurance to BB. The aim of the study conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University was to investigate the genetic potential of BC3F2 and BC3F3 pyramided rice genotypes (cross HKR-127 x IRBB -60) having resistance genes (Xa21, xa13, and xa5). These genotypes were tested for virulence against BB under artificial conditions using Clip method of artificial inoculation. On average, five leaves per plant were inoculated and visually scored after 14 days. Disease reaction rating was done on a 0-9 scale of the standard evaluation system (SES) for rice. Rice genotypes with all the three genes exhibited relatively low mean lesion length compared to single or double combinations thus establishing higher resistance of threegene genotypes to BB. The lines obtained in our study can be used as genetic resources for BB resistance in breeding programs that will be paving the way for an environmentally-friendly means to achieve a better disease management. Moreover, the success will facilitate future efforts to transfer combinations of BB resistance genes into other preferred rice cultivars.
Contact Toxicity and Repellency Evaluation of Rosmarinus eriocalyx Leaves Essential Oil (Lamiaceae) Against Adults Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera/Beetle) and Anti-Free Radical DPPH Activity
Authors: Salah Dine Reguig Mâ€™hamed dit , Abdelrahamene Labani , Mohamed Terres , Tahar Mellal
Published: August 2021

Chemical control using synthetic products against pests of stored foods converted with restrictions such as the toxicity of living things and ecological risks. Today the world opinion is oriented towards a new fight against pests, among the alternative strategy, the use of natural insecticides of plant origin. This work aims to evaluate the insecticide effect of essential oils of Rosmarinus eriocalyx leaves against a wheat pest stored Sitophilus granarius and the evaluation of their antioxidant activity in vitro. The insecticide activity of essential oils of this plant was assessed by the filter paper contact test method and the repulsion test by the method of preference and determination of lethal doses DL50 and DL90, and the percentage of repulsion, measurement of anti-radical activity by trapping free radical DPPH and determining EC50. With regard to the chemical composition of the volatile oils of R. eriocalyx, 1.8-cineol (48.47%), camphor (17.04%), 'pinene' (7.58%), 'pinene' (6.99%) were the main compounds, the results showed that the essential oil of the R.eriocalyx leaves has a very high rate of repulsion PR= 96.25% at the dose of 20 µl/ml after 120 minutes of exposure, the mortality rates of the wheat weevil in the toxicity tests have increased with increased doses and over time. lethal doses for the dose 20 µl/ml has 50% DL50 = 0.306 µl/cm2 and 90% DL90 = 2.513 µl/cm2 for 72 hours of exposure, , in the test system DPPH one determines the trapping activity of radical free of essential oil 23.794% ± 2.908% EC50 = 8.585 ± 2,608 mg/ml. The activity of synthetic antioxidants of gallic acid, quercetin and ascorbic acid were also determined in parallel experiments as positive control. The essential oils of R.eriocalyx leaves can be used as a natural alternative to synthetic insecticides to control pests of stored foodstuffs.
Phytochemical characterization, in-vitro antioxidant and an bacterial activities of somes extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur. from Bechar, Algeria
Authors: Khaldi Achraf , Moussaoui Abdellah , Meddah Boumedien
Published: August 2021

The extracts of plants have raised benefit as sources of natural products. They have been examined for their potential uses as alternative solution for the treatment of many infectious diseases. To this end, the present study examines the phytochemical screening, an oxidant and an bacterial properties of crude aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur. seeds growing spontaneously in the Wilaya of Bechar. Phytochemical invesyigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive components in the extracts of plant . The total phenol content and avonoids were also determined for all extracts. The an oxidant ac vi es were es mated by DPPH scavenging method compared to the ascorbic acid an oxidant. The methanolic extract showed a good scavenging ac vity comparable to ascorbic acid, with an IC50 value of 0.10±0.14 mg/l. An bacterial activity was tested against seven pathogenic strains by using Disc diffusion method and agar dilution method. Among the extracts tested, methanolic extract showed significant an bacterial activity against bacteria with MIC between 0.95 to 6.02 mg/ml. These results are promising and provide scientific that this species can be used as good an oxidant and an bacterial agents.