bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvising Identity, Body, and Race
Authors: Sierschynski Jarek
Published: February 2019

In this autoethnographic narrative, the author examines moments of encountering his fugitive identity shaped by family practices, escape, sociocultural and linguistic migration. Marked as a foreign body in Europe, he (re)constructs his identity as inherently connected to systemic violence and oppression in both Europe and the United States. Responding to Western, White supremacy, anti-Blackness, and the violence of dominant normativity, he considers what it means to negate the meaning of oppressive socioeducational systems, their institutionalized language, settled expectations and practices. Thinking about his own body and the link between visibility and invisibility in racially structured societies, he examines the parallels between his own nondominant identity and those marked by the White gaze. Weaving together reflections on family history and Otherness in Europe with Black American narratives of marked visibility/invisibility, the author meditates on improvisation as a liberatory, counterhegemonic performance of reality. He concludes by returning to this text as a trace of improvisational, experimental, and liberatory thought, a medium with the potential to negate itself, to break itself, to escape itself.
Complications of Volar Locked Plating of Distal Radius Fractures: A Prospective Investigation of Modern Techniques
Authors: Pidgeon Tyler S. , Casey Peter , Baumgartner Rita E. , Ferlauto Harrison , Ruch David S.
Published: February 2019

Although volar locked plating (VLP) of distal radius fractures is common, complications remain a considerable concern for upper extremity specialists using modern techniques. Complications following VLP of DR fractures were recorded prospectively from January 2005 to January 2017. Fractures were characterized using the AO classification, and complications were described by severity. Severe complications required operative treatment and/or resulted in permanent impairment, moderate complications required nonoperative treatment, and mild complications resolved without intervention. The available Current Procedural Terminology data for uncomplicated VLP were used to calculate the complication rate. Statistical analysis compared severe and nonsevere complications. Thirty-seven patients (27 women; 39 radii) experienced complications following VLP of DR fractures, resulting in a complication rate of 13.2%. For those with complications, the mean age was 48.5 ± 13.5 years (range: 19-78 years) and the mean follow-up was 13.7 ± 9.0 months (range: 3-36 months). A majority (28/39: 71.8%) had type C fractures. The most common complications were hardware complication requiring removal (18) and malunion (6). There were only 3 tendon ruptures. There were 25 unplanned returns to the operating room in 24 radii (22 patients). The most common reason was removal of hardware (18). Patients with severe complications more commonly had AO type C fractures and required longer follow-up. Modern VLP of DR fractures has a complication rate of 13.2%. Hardware complication requiring removal was the most notable complication of VLP. Tendon rupture has become rare with modern techniques. AO type C fractures were associated with more severe complications.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Profile Among Australian Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Teenagers
Authors: Grant Ross , Pawlak Roman , Vos Paul , Bilgin Ayse A. , Berg Jade , Pearce Robyn , Morris Margaret
Published: February 2019

Atherosclerosis develops over a long period of time and often begins in childhood. The goal of this study was to make a cross-sectional assessment of the pattern of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Australian vegetarian (n = 49) and nonvegetarian (n = 639) 14- to 17-year-old participants from New South Wales, Australia. Vegetarians had statistically significant lower mean total (4.05 vs 4.4 mmol/L; P < .001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (2.18 vs 2.55 mmol/L; P < .001) and lower incidence of abnormal total and LDL cholesterol (31.1% vs 46.2%, P = .036, having total cholesterol ≥4.4 mmol/L and 13.3% vs 29.6%, P = .021, having LDL cholesterol ≥2.84 mmol/L). Vegetarians had a higher diastolic BP (72.0 vs 69.7 mm Hg; P = .038). No statistically significant difference was found in other risk factors including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = .83), triglycerides ( P = .601), systolic blood pressure ( P = .727), body mass index ( P = .159), plasma glucose ( P = .09), C-reactive protein ( P = .527), or homocysteine ( P = .45). The prevalence rate with 3 or more risk factors was 12.2% among vegetarians and 13.9% among nonvegetarians ( P = .156). The high percentage of abnormal total cholesterol in both diet groups and, in addition, LDL cholesterol in nonvegetarians is a cause of concern and underlines the need for lifestyle change.
Assessing ‘approaches to learning’ in Botswana, Ghana and Kenya
Authors: Rolleston Caine , Schendel Rebecca , Grijalva Espinosa Ana M
Published: February 2019

The concept of ‘approaches to learning’ (Marton, 1976) has long assumed a position of central importance in the analysis of student learning outcomes. However, constructing effective measures of students’ approaches to learning is a complex task, and it is an empirical question whether such measures transfer well across contexts. In this paper, we examine the functioning of a moderately modified version of one of the most commonly used assessment of approaches to learning – the revised two-factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ2F) – in three African contexts (Ghana, Kenya and Botswana). We first present confirmatory factor analysis, which demonstrates that the modified R-SPQ2F functions in these contexts as intended by the developers of the instrument. We then consider the potential utility of the R-SPQ2F in these contexts by examining its relationship with student background characteristics, educational experiences at universities and learning outcomes.
Creating in-between spaces through diasporic and mainstream media consumption: A comparison of four ethnocultural and immigrant communities in Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Ahmed Rukhsana , Veronis Luisa
Published: February 2019

Media provide essential information that can help migrants settle, build local community, and maintain transnational linkages. In this study, we extend the existing literature by undertaking a unique comparative project examining the role of both diasporic and mainstream media – including print (newspapers) and broadcast (TV and radio) – in meeting the information needs of four ethnocultural and immigrant communities in Ottawa, Canada. Our analysis of survey findings shows significant variations across the four communities in their consumption of print and broadcast diasporic and mainstream media based on immigration category, time spent in Canada, and level of official language (English and French) proficiency. Adopting a uses and gratifications theoretical lens, we argue that participants embrace a more holistic approach to media use, which affords them benefits from both kinds of media resources by creating in-between spaces for participation in host societies and transnational communities.
Moving Through the Literature: What Is the Emotion Often Denoted Being Moved?
Authors: Zickfeld Janis H. , Schubert Thomas W. , Seibt Beate , Fiske Alan P.
Published: February 2019

When do people say that they are moved, and does this experience constitute a unique emotion? We review theory and empirical research on being moved across psychology and philosophy. We examine feeling labels, elicitors, valence, bodily sensations, and motivations. We find that the English lexeme being moved typically (but not always) refers to a distinct and potent emotion that results in social bonding; often includes tears, piloerection, chills, or a warm feeling in the chest; and is often described as pleasurable, though sometimes as a mixed emotion. While we conclude that it is a distinct emotion, we also recommend studying it in a more comprehensive emotion framework, instead of using the ambiguous vernacular term being moved as a scientific term.
Shifting the sacred: Rob Bell and the postconservative evangelical turn
Authors: Willey Robin D
Published: February 2019

For sociologist Emile Durkheim, the “sacred” constitutes all those things “set apart and forbidden.” Within Evangelical Christianity, and to a lesser degree Protestantism in general, the sacred has arguably centered on the individual believer and her/his personal relationship with God and scripture. Recently, however, a growing movement within Evangelical Christianity has emphasized the sacred nature of relationships and community, culminating in the mantra “God is love.” This shift has set community above the personal in the hierarchy of sacred Evangelical things, and is reminiscent of earlier progressive forms of Evangelicalism, such as Social Gospel Christianity. Rob Bell, an Evangelical author, pastor, and Oprah Network star, possibly best exemplifies this change and its ramifications, which extend from a postcolonial critique of mission work and evangelism to a move to more inclusive and even Universalist soteriology. Such efforts that have left Bell labeled as a heretic in some Evangelical circles.
Prevalence of carotid artery stenosis in ischaemic heart disease patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Adhikary Dipannita , Ranjan Redoy , Mandal Sabita , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain , Mitra Dipak Kumar , Adhikary Asit Baran
Published: February 2019

Background:

Concurrent carotid artery stenosis and ischaemic heart disease rates are increasing day by day in Bangladesh. Moreover, carotid artery stenosis has been identified as a high-risk factor for postoperative ischaemic cerebral inconvenience following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Methods:

This observational cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate 200 study patients from July 2017 to June 2018. Patients with coronary artery disease scheduled for isolated elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery were included in the study, excluding those with coexisting valvular or congenital heart disease and emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Results:

About two-thirds of the study patients were 50–59 years old, with a mean age of 57.7 ± 3.06 years. Approximately 70% patients were male; the male:female ratio was 2.1:1. Most of the patients (74.5%) were Muslim. The majority of patients (59.0%) were overweight, and severe carotid artery stenosis was significantly higher in obese patients (p ⩽ 0.05). Furthermore, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with moderate to severe carotid artery stenosis (p ⩽ 0.05). Multi-vessel coronary artery disease was significantly associated with the severity of carotid artery stenosis. Bilateral carotid artery stenosis was significantly associated with the severity of carotid artery stenosis (p ⩽ 0.05).

Conclusion:

Routine duplex screening will identify significant carotid artery disease and will subsequently reduce the risk of perioperative stroke in ischaemic heart disease patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau successfully treated with adalimumab: A case report
Authors: Crowley Erika L , Maliyar Khalad , Rodriguez-Bolanos Fabian , O’Toole Ashley , Gooderham Melinda J
Published: February 2019

Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau is a chronic, inflammatory, and relapsing condition that presents as pustules of the fingers and toes, often with nail involvement. This condition is infrequently reported, difficult to treat, and often misdiagnosed. Various anti-psoriatic therapies have been used, but literature is limited to case studies with equivocal results. Biological therapy is revolutionizing the management of many dermatologic conditions and is believed to be a promising option for acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau patients who have failed conventional therapy. We report the 4-year treatment course of a 70-year-old woman with acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau that was initially unsuccessful with conventional treatments but successfully treated with the tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor adalimumab, in combination with alitretinoin and clobetasol propionate. This case adds to the current understanding of acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau and the potential of biological therapy, in our case, adalimumab, for acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau management. Literature should continue growing to ascertain the safety and efficacy of biologic therapy for patients with acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau.
Genetic and immunohistochemical analyses of ciliated muconodular papillary tumors of the lung: A report of five cases
Authors: Kashima Jumpei , Hishima Tsunekazu , Tonooka Akiko , Horiguchi Shin-ichiro , Motoi Toru , Okuma Yusuke , Hosimi Yukio , Horio Hirotoshi
Published: February 2019

Ciliated muconodular papillary tumors are benign lesions located in the peripheral lung field. Recent studies revealed BRAF and epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangement. Five ciliated muconodular papillary tumors were screened for the BRAF V600E and EGFR mutations via polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for the detection of the BRAF V600E and anaplastic lymphoma kinase proteins, as well as other markers including phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase. Three tumors (60%) harbored the BRAF V600E mutation. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed this mutation in all of the tumor cell types. EGFR mutation and immunoactivity of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein were not detected. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase was negative both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the BRAF V600E–positive tumors. Mucin 1, mucin 4, thyroid transcription factor 1, and cytokeratin 7 were positive, and mucin 5AC was partially positive, whereas napsin A and cytokeratin 20 were negative. Ciliated muconodular papillary tumor may originate from the terminal bronchioles, and the status of ERK activation reflects its benign behavior.
British Menopause Society consensus statement: The risks and benefits of HRT before and after a breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Marsden Jo ,   on behalf of the British Menopause Society
Published: February 2019

In women at population risk of breast cancer (i.e. most), short-term exposure to hormone replacement therapy (i.e. up to five years’ use) for symptom relief exceeds its potential harms, including the associated, increased risk of breast cancer diagnosis. Many women and health care professionals, however, consider this to be unacceptably high, although the degree of risk conferred appears equivalent to, or less than that of, other lifestyle risk factors for this condition. In contrast, it is recommended that symptomatic women at high baseline risk due to a family history or a biopsy-confirmed high-risk benign breast condition and those with previous breast cancer should be managed initially with lifestyle changes and non-hormonal alternatives. In a minority, whose symptoms are refractory, hormone replacement therapy and or topical estrogen can be considered but prescription should only take place after a discussion between the patient, her primary health care and breast specialist teams.
A discursive exploration of public perspectives on placebos and their effects
Authors: Hardman Doug I , Geraghty Adam WA , Howick Jeremy , Roberts Nia , Bishop Felicity L
Published: February 2019

There is increasing evidence that placebos could be effective in clinical practice. However, knowledge of public perspectives on placebos is underdeveloped. We conducted a discourse analysis of internet comments on news articles related to placebos, aiming to improve this knowledge for clinicians and researchers. We developed two discursive constructs of the placebo. The dominant construct of the ‘placebo pill’ informs a paradoxical understanding of placebos that closes down treatment. The less-prevalent counter-discursive construct of the ‘treatment process’ frames placebos as potentially viable within modern evidence-based medicine. We discuss the opportunities and challenges of this alternative understanding of placebos.
Effect of different doses of gadolinium contrast agent on clinical outcomes in MS
Authors: Ackermans Nathalie , Taylor Carolyn , Tam Roger , Carruthers Robert , Kolind Shannon , Kang Heejun , Freedman Mark S , Li David KB , Traboulsee Anthony L
Published: February 2019

Objective

The objective of this paper is to evaluate potential dose-dependent adverse effects of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) on MS progression.

Methods

Outcomes from a cohort of 612 secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients, enrolled in a two-year, placebo-controlled (negative) trial assessing the efficacy of MBP8298, were acquired. Patients received one to four (infrequent cohort; IFR) or 5–11 (frequent cohort; FR) GBCA injections between week 4 and week 104. The primary outcome was the change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and time to confirmed EDSS progression. Secondary outcomes included the changes in the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW), 9-Hole-Peg Test (9HPT), and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) from baseline to week 104.

Results

The 512 IFR and 100 FR participants showed no differences in baseline demographics or disease history. The mean change from baseline to week 104 in EDSS was +0.21 (IFR) and +0.13 (FR); MSFC –0.38 (IFR) and –0.14 (FR); T25FW +1.28 (IFR) and +0.55 (FR); 9HPT –0.06 (IFR) and –0.08 (FR); and PASAT +0.22 (IFR) and +0.20 (FR). The FR to IFR progression hazard ratio equaled 0.68 ( p = 0.09). There were no significant differences in any of the outcomes between the two cohorts.

Conclusion

There were no differences in the disability progression measures between the two cohorts, indicating that gadolinium does not result in greater clinical worsening in SPMS after a two-year period.
The Sustained Reduction-by-Half of Home Advantage in the NHL, 1991-1992 to 2000-2001
Authors: Jones Marshall B.
Published: February 2019

In the last decade of the 20th century, home advantage in the National Hockey League (NHL) fell by half, from 60% wins (or higher prior to 1991) to 55% wins, and has remained there until the present. This drop is much the largest and most abrupt of any change in home advantage in elite sports since the end of the Second World War. In addition, it is further complicated by two rule changes at the start of the decade. First, in 1991-1992 the NHL instituted instant video replay. Then the next year, 1992-1993, it imposed the instigator rule, which provided a game misconduct penalty (ejection from the game) for starting a fight and was followed by a prolonged drop in the frequency of fighting. Of the many theories of the home advantage, two are singled out as relevant to the fall in home advantage and possibly helpful in explaining it.
Transcontextual Effects of Racialized Sports Media Framing: Students’ Off the Field Perceptions of Student-Athletes
Authors: Ash Erin , Cranmer Gregory A.
Published: February 2019

This research examines the effects of racial stereotypes embedded within sports media. An experiment was conducted to examine the impact of racialized “brawn” and “brain” frames on perceptions of student-athletes among their potential peers. College student participants ( N = 232) were exposed to one of eight versions of a news article about a college football recruit that manipulated the athlete’s race (White vs. Black) and the frame used to describe him (brawn vs. brain vs. mixed vs. control). Results showed a college admittance essay was evaluated more positively when the author was a Black athlete compared to a White athlete. In addition, the brawn frame elicited lower levels of social attraction and greater athlete stereotype endorsement compared to all other frames. No interaction effects were revealed. These findings suggest that how the media frame student-athletes affects expectations of their academic performance, which has practical implications for interpersonal dynamics between student-athletes and their peers, as well as public perceptions of student-athletes writ large.
A Content Analysis of Update: Applications of Research in Music Education (1989–2017)
Authors: Silvey Brian A. , Sims Wendy L. , Pohlman Gretchen , Regier Bradley J.
Published: February 2019

We analyzed the article types, participants, and topics represented in Update articles published between 1989 and 2017 ( N = 379), beginning when MENC (now NAfME) took over publication of the journal. Quantitative research articles (46.42%) and literature reviews (28.84%) accounted for the largest portion of articles published. The percentage of qualitative research articles published has increased over time, while the percentage of historical articles and essays has decreased. Journal authors investigated a large variety of topics ( N = 68), with teaching methods and techniques (7.14%) and teaching students with exceptionalities (4.51%) representing the most frequent article topics. Authors most frequently recruited public school personnel, special populations, and college/university students as participants. These data provide insights into the article types, participants, and topics of interest in research designed to inform in-service music teachers, provide guidance for authors seeking publication venues, and help students and researchers know where to find various types of articles and topics.
Tackling cycle skipping in full-waveform inversion with intermediate data
Authors: Yao Gang , da Silva Nuno V. , Warner Michael , Wu Di , Yang Chenhao
Published: February 2019

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a promising technique for recovering the earth models for exploration geophysics and global seismology. FWI is generally formulated as the minimization of an objective function, defined as the L2-norm of the data residuals. The nonconvex nature of this objective function is one of the main obstacles for the successful application of FWI. A key manifestation of this nonconvexity is cycle skipping, which happens if the predicted data are more than half a cycle away from the recorded data. We have developed the concept of intermediate data for tackling cycle skipping. This intermediate data set is created to sit between predicted and recorded data, and it is less than half a cycle away from the predicted data. Inverting the intermediate data rather than the cycle-skipped recorded data can then circumvent cycle skipping. We applied this concept to invert cycle-skipped first arrivals. First, we picked up the first breaks of the predicted data and the recorded data. Second, we linearly scaled down the time difference between the two first breaks of each shot into a series of time shifts, the maximum of which was less than half a cycle, for each trace in this shot. Third, we moved the predicted data with the corresponding time shifts to create the intermediate data. Finally, we inverted the intermediate data rather than the recorded data. Because the intermediate data are not cycle-skipped and contain the traveltime information of the recorded data, FWI with intermediate data updates the background velocity model in the correct direction. Thus, it produces a background velocity model accurate enough for carrying out conventional FWI to rebuild the intermediate- and short-wavelength components of the velocity model. Our numerical examples using synthetic data validate the intermediate-data concept for tackling cycle skipping and demonstrate its effectiveness for the application to first arrivals.
An Innovation Theory of Headquarters Value in Multibusiness Firms
Authors: Knott Anne Marie , Turner Scott F.
Published: February 2019

A fundamental question in corporate strategy is how headquarters in multibusiness firms can create value above and beyond the burden of its own overhead. The leading theories from Chandler and Williamson hold that this is possible through resource allocation across businesses. Yet, there are multibusiness firms for whom reallocation opportunities are limited—e.g., chains. Accordingly, we propose, model, and test an alternative theory, one in which headquarters facilitates market-like dynamics between businesses that fuel innovation and growth. Whereas Chandler’s and Williamson’s theories involve the visible hand of managers, ours involves an invisible hand of managers. We construct an interacting agent model of the theory, which yields three propositions relating multibusiness structure to firm growth. We test those propositions in the banking industry and obtain results consistent with the model’s predictions. In particular, knowledge growth increases in the number of units and heterogeneity in their knowledge, and increases then decreases in their geographic distance. Interestingly, once we account for these structural elements, scale and hierarchy both suppress innovation. Thus, neither Williamson’s nor Chandler’s theories hold in our setting (consistent with the argument motivating the need for an additional theory).
Como as escolas fazem as políticas: atuação em escolas secundárias
Authors: De Moura Elton Oliveira , De Souza Honorato Rafael Ferreira , Olímpio de Oliveira Ramon , Da Costa Pereira Maria Zuleide
Published: February 2019

A obra resenhada é uma tradução do livro How schools do policy: policy enactments in secondary schools, lançado originalmente em 2012, por Stephen J. Ball, Meg Maguire e Anette Braun, docentes do Instituto de Educação da University College London, que lecionam o componente de Sociologia da Educação e investigam as políticas educacionais. Como as escolas fazem a política propõe para as pesquisas em educação, com ênfase nas políticas educacionais, a erradicação do binário política-prática.
Entrevista com Gaudêncio Frigotto: Nossa tarefa agora é recuperar a ‘Universidade Necessária’, a universidade que tenha o conhecimento como direito universal”
Authors: Nolasco-Silva Leonardo , Adelia Miglievich Ribeiro Adelia
Published: February 2019

Entrevista com Gaudêncio Frigotto: Nossa tarefa agora é recuperar a ‘Universidade Necessária’, a universidade que tenha o conhecimento como direito universal”
Changing work routines to prevent pressure ulcers
Authors: McCoulough Siobhan
Published: February 2019

Pressure ulcer prevention plans are most effective when all care staff are informed and involved. Siobhan McCoulough explains which training should be provided and what organisational changes are required to make prevention more effective.
What the NHS Long-Term Plan means for dementia care
Authors: Palmer Sarah
Published: February 2019

In January, the NHS presented its long-awaited plan to transform care over the next 10 years. Sarah Palmer delves into the key areas addressed in the plan and evaluates what it means for the future of dementia care.
Brauer's theorem and nonnegative matrices with prescribed diagonal entries
Authors: Soto Ricardo , Julio Ana , Collao Macarena
Published: February 2019

The problem of the existence and construction of nonnegative matrices with prescribed eigenvalues and diagonal entries is an important inverse problem, interesting by itself, but also necessary to apply a perturbation result, which has played an important role in the study of certain nonnegative inverse spectral problems. A number of partial results about the problem have been published by several authors, mainly by H. \v{S}migoc. In this paper, the relevance of a Brauer's result, and its implication for the nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem with prescribed diagonal entries is emphasized. As a consequence, given a list of complex numbers of \v{S}migoc type, or a list $\Lambda = \left\{\lambda _{1},\ldots ,\lambda _{n} \right \}$ with $\operatorname{Re}\lambda _{i}\leq 0,$ $\lambda _{1}\geq -\sum\limits_{i=2}^{n}\lambda _{i}$, and $\left\{-\sum\limits_{i=2}^{n}\lambda _{i},\lambda _{2},\ldots ,\lambda _{n} \right\}$ being realizable; and given a list of nonnegative real numbers $% \Gamma = \left\{\gamma _{1},\ldots ,\gamma _{n} \right\}$, the remarkably simple condition $\gamma _{1}+\cdots +\gamma _{n} = \lambda _{1}+\cdots +\lambda _{n}$ is necessary and sufficient for the existence and construction of a realizing matrix with diagonal entries $\Gamma .$ Conditions for more general lists of complex numbers are also given.
Occupational Exposure Risk for Swine Workers in Confined Housing Facilities
Authors: Alvarado Alvin  C. , Predicala Bernardo  Z.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Extended exposure of swine barn workers to noise and airborne contaminants has been reported to be associated with various health problems. In this study, the actual exposure of workers to respirable dust, gases (ammonia and hydrogen sulfide), and noise in swine production operations was monitored in order to determine the contribution of specific activities in the barn to potential adverse health impacts to swine workers. Selected workers in a swine barn facility were outfitted with a personal monitoring system that included a respirable dust sampler, ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas monitors, and a noise dosimeter as they performed their regular duties during their workday. From a total of 50 monitoring days spanning winter and summer months, results showed that the occupational exposure of swine workers to respirable dust, NH3, H2S, and noise while performing their daily assigned tasks was generally below the respective time-weighted average exposure limits for each hazard. However, a number of tasks showed high likelihood for elevated occupational exposure risk. Respirable dust concentrations exceeded the time-weighted average limit of 3 mg m-3 while feeding and weighing pigs. These activities also exceeded the short-term exposure limit (35 ppm) for NH3. Dangerous levels of H2S were generated when draining manure from manure collection pits in the production rooms. Noise levels exceeded the recommended 15 min exposure limit (100 dBA) when weighing and loading pigs for market. The occupational exposure risks for workers to barn contaminants can be reduced through measures that control the generation of contaminants at their source, by removing generated contaminants from the work environment, as well as by outfitting the workers with protective devices that prevent personal exposure to contaminants. Keywords: Ammonia, Barn worker, Dust, Hydrogen sulfide, Noise, Occupational exposure, Risk, Swine.
Discretion as blame avoidance: passing the buck to local authorities in ‘welfare reform’
Authors: Meers Jed
Published: February 2019

This paper argues that central governments can avoid blame for cuts to social security by giving local authorities discretionary powers. When making reductions to entitlements, conferring discretion avoids delineating who is affected, allowing for conflicts in policy formation to be deliberately fudged, decisions to be shielded from the gaze of the public and the courts, and responsibility for the impact of budget reductions to be externalised. Using three ‘welfare reforms’ in the UK as examples – the Council Tax Reduction Scheme, Discretionary Housing Payments, and local welfare assistance schemes – four ‘blame avoidance’ functions of conferring discretion are proposed.
Patrimoine en fête: Evénementiel et développement culturel dans les zones de montagnes. Illustration par la fête du bijou d’Ath-Yenni en Algérie
Authors: Berbar Mouloud , Aknine Souidi Dr. Rosa
Published: February 2019

L’objet de notre article est d’analyser l’apport de l’événementiel sur la valorisation du patrimoine culturel immatériel dans les zones en difficultés.Pour ce faire, nous mettrons en relation la notion de l’événementiel avec celle des zones de montagnes. Ces dernières se caractérisent par des ressourcesmatérielles et immatérielles qui façonnent les activités des populations locales et conditionnent la réussite des manifestations culturelles de valorisationspatrimoniales dans ces régions. A travers le cas de la fête du bijou d’Ath-Yenni nous tenterons de caractériser l’apport de l’événementiel dans le renforcement de la spécificité du bijou traditionnel et dans l’impulsion d’un développement culturel local.
Quels Impacts des Festivites sur la durabilite du Patrimoine Archeologique: cas de la Qal’a des Benni Hammad em Algerie
Authors: Hynda Boutabba , Mohamed Mili , Samir-Djemoui Boutabba , Abderazak Mesaad
Published: February 2019

De par sa position stratégique au carrefour de l’Afrique et de la Méditerranée, l’Algérie, située au centre du Maghreb, a vu de nombreuses civilisations sesuccéder sur son territoire. Chacune d’elle a laissé un héritage patrimonial ayant une portée mémorielle et symbolique. Classée en 1980, la Qal’a ou citadelle des Benni Hammad est le plus important site archéologique de la dynastie sanhadjienne des Hammadides, née de la scission territoriale du royaume ziride héritier de l’empire fatimide au Maghreb. Situé dans la localité de Béchara, l’une des plus pauvres de la région du Hodna, Ce site archéologique a été choisi comme un levier du développement local, et ce, par l’entremise de sa valorisation et le renforcement de son attractivité touristique. Cependant, le concept de préservation qui est attaché à la définition du patrimoine mondial de l’humanité fait mauvais ménage avec les pratiques actuelles du tourisme qui sont basées sur la notion de flux de personnes. Si le tourisme festif commence à donner un souffle économique et social à la localité de Béchara, le comportement touristique envers les éléments archéologiques de la citadelle Hamadide se fait dans un rythme et des parcours qui ne sont pas forcément positifs pour le site. Le présent papier tente de mettre en exergue les différents impacts de «la fête du printemps» sur le patrimoine de la Qal’a.
Local community’s perspective on the current state and management of “Sendang Kalimah Toyyibah” Spring
Authors: Wiryani Erry , Murningsih Murningsih
Published: February 2019

“Sendang Kalimah Toyyibah” is important spring with socio cultural value. However, the increasing activity might cause ecological changes which may affect the sustainability. This research aimed to study the condition of “Sendang Kalimah Toyyibah” based on local society’s perspective to analyze the correlation of the condition toward the management policies, and to formulate the management strategy for sustainable management of the spring. The research was conducted from April to May 2018, through field observation. The research instrument used was questionnaire with three level of likert scale measurement. Data analysis was conducted by descriptive and statistical analysis with correlation and crosstabulation. The result showed that most of the respondents agreed that the spring has changed in the last 5 years. The local factor related to the change of the spring is the development of facilities. However, the change of the spring was not followed by the change of ecological condition, such as reduced debit, decreased water quality and decreased forest coverage. The current management of “Sendang Kalimah Toyyibah” was limitation of exploitation. However, currently there is no replantation effort or development of preservation area even though some respondents suggested that some plants species is no loger found in the spring ecosystem. Suggested management plan included plantation of the spring surrounding to increase plants density and diversity.
Plant diversity based on pollen and spores morphology from sediment lake of Kedung Ombo Purwodadi
Authors: Puspitasari Retno , Suedy Sri Widodo Agung , Haryanti Sri
Published: February 2019

Kedung Ombo Lake was an artificial lake that has formed since 26 years ago. Environmental has changed from the terrestrial environment into the aquatic environment, because of that the diversity of flora around the Lake Kedung Ombo was changed. The diversity of flora can be learned through the morphology of pollen and spores. Aimed of this study was to determine the diversity of plants based on the morphology pollen and spores that found in the Lake Kedung Ombo sediment. Sampling took by coring clay soil sediment in depth of 1 m, located near the outlet of Lake Kedung Ombo. Data were analyzed by making the morphology of pollen and spores description. The result showed that morphology of pollen and spores are found in the Lake Kedung Ombo sediment has a variety of shapes and sizes. The plant's diversity obtained are 25 taxa plants that were categorized into 3 taxa of arboreal pollen (AP), 9 taxa of non-arboreal pollen (NAP) and 13 taxa of spores. The dominance of taxa NAP is Celtis sp. (45,12%), this suggested that shrubs or not plant trees were more developed in Lake Kedung Ombo environment. The study concluded that the value of diversity index categorized as low and the value of similarity index categorized as high, it means that plant diversity was quite similar and there is no significant changes of diversity with their presence were quite stable.
Germany’s Stance on the EU Treaty Reform in the Years 2005–2009
Authors: Węc Janusz Józef
Published: February 2019

Celem badawczym pracy jest rekonstrukcja wpływu Niemiec na reformę ustrojową Unii Europejskiej dokonaną w traktacie lizbońskim z 13 grudnia 2007 r. Autor formułuje hipotezę badawczą, że traktat lizboński znacząco wzmocnił pozycję Niemiec w Unii. Ograniczenie prawa weta państw członkowskich oraz radykalne wzmocnienie metody wspólnotowej w Unii dokonane w tym traktacie zamiast jeszcze bardziej związać Niemcy z UE, stworzyły potencjalne przesłanki nawet do ich dominacji w Unii.
Robust learning in the foreign exchange market
Authors: Djeutem Edouard , Nguimkeu Pierre
Published: February 2019

This paper studies risk premia in the foreign exchange market when investors entertain multiple models for consumption growth. Investors confront two sources of uncertainty: (1) individual models might be misspecified, and (2) it is not known which of these potentially misspecified models is the best approximation to the actual data-generating process. Following Hansen and Sargent (Hansen, L. P., and T. J. Sargent. 2010. “Fragile Beliefs and the Price of Uncertainty.” Quantitative Economics 1 (1): 129–162.), agents formulate “robust” portfolio policies. These policies are implemented by applying two risk-sensitivity operators. One is forward-looking, and pessimistically distorts the state dynamics of each individual model. The other is backward-looking, and pessimistically distorts the probability weights assigned to each model. A robust learner assigns higher weights to worst-case models that yield lower continuation values. The magnitude of this distortion evolves over time in response to realized consumption growth. It is shown that robust learning not only explains unconditional risk premia in the foreign exchange market, it can also explain the dynamics of risk premia. In particular, an empirically plausible concern for model misspecification and model uncertainty generates a stochastic discount factor that uniformly satisfies the spectral Hansen-Jagannathan bound of Otrok et al. (Otrok, C., B. Ravikumar, and C. H. Whiteman. 2007. “A Generalized Volatility Bound for Dynamic Economies.” Journal of Monetary Economics 54 (8): 2269–2290.).
Approximation by modified Jain–Baskakov operators
Authors: Mishra Vishnu Narayan , Sharma Preeti , Birou Marius Mihai
Published: February 2019

In the present paper, we discuss the approximation properties of Jain–Baskakov operators with parameter c. The paper deals with the modified forms of the Baskakov basis functions. Some direct results are established, which include the asymptotic formula, error estimation in terms of the modulus of continuity and weighted approximation. Also, we construct the King modification of these operators, which preserves the test functions

e
0

{e_{0}}

and

e
1

{e_{1}}

. It is shown that these King type operators provide a better approximation order than some Baskakov–Durrmeyer operators for continuous functions defined on some closed intervals.
Regulation and related mechanism of GSN mRNA level by hnRNPK in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Liu Xiao-hui , Ma Jie , Feng Jun-xia , Feng Yuan , Zhang Yun-fang , Liu Lang-xia
Published: February 2019

Gelsolin (GSN) is an actin filament-capping protein that plays a key role in cell migration. Here we show that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) regulates GSN expression level by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of GSN mRNA in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) H1299 cells which are highly metastatic and express high level of GSN. We found that hnRNPK overexpression increased the mRNA and protein level of GSN, whereas hnRNPK knockdown by siRNA decreased the mRNA and protein level of GSN in both H1299 and A549 cells, indicating a positive role of hnRNPK in the regulation of GSN expression. Furthermore, hnRNPK knockdown affected the migration ability of H1299 and A549 cells which could be rescued by ectopic expression of GSN in those cells. Conversely, GSN knockdown in hnRNPK-overexpressing cells could abort the stimulatory effect of hnRNPK on the cell migration. These results suggest that hnRNPK function in the regulation of cell migration is GSN-dependent. Taken together, these data unveiled a new mechanism of regulation of the GSN expression by hnRNPK and provides new clues for the discovery of new anti-metastatic therapy.
Robust Investment for Demand Response in a Distribution Network considering Wind Power and Load Demand Uncertainties
Authors: Yu Yi , Zhao Jian , Xu Zhao , Li Jiayong , Wen Xishan
Published: February 2019

Due to the increasing penetration of wind power into the distribution network, preserving system security and reliability becomes a significant challenge for the system operator. In the smart grid environment, the demand side is required to take more responsibilities to accommodate the uncertainty of wind power generations, known as demand response (DR). To enable this feature in the utility grid, system-wide costs, which include metering, communication and load control system upgrade cost and incentive cost for customers, should be considered in assessing cost-effectiveness. This paper proposes a novel optimization model for demand response facility (DRF) investment to determine the DR sizing and siting. Robust optimization is adopted to maintain overall economic benefit and distribution network operation security. The problem is formulated as a bi-level mixed-integer program. A column-and-constraint generation algorithm (C&CG) combined with outer-approximation (OA) linearization method is employed to solve this problem. Numerical tests on a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network illustrate the effectiveness and validation of the proposed model.
Differences in the task-supported negotiations of younger and older EFL children: From repair into prevention
Authors: Hidalgo Maria Angeles
Published: February 2019

The benefits of task-supported interaction are especially noticeable when negotiation of meaning (NoM) occurs. Despite the large amount of research on interaction, children’s ability to collaborate and to understand their partners’ needs remains under-researched. This capacity has been questioned, and has been claimed to develop with age. From an interactionist perspective, we have analysed the oral interactions of 80 Spanish young learners (YLs) of English as a foreign language (EFL) from two age groups (8–9 and 10–11), when performing a collaborative task. Specifically, we have examined the nature of NoM and the strategies YLs use. Significant differences between the groups were identified: whereas younger children negotiate mostly to repair communication breakdowns, older YLs show a greater concern about their interlocutor’s needs. As in previous research addressing this population, focus on form strategies are rare. This study sheds light on our understanding of how young EFL learners negotiate in task-supported interactions.
The Corporate Life Cycle and the Cost of Equity
Authors: Bravo Sergio
Published: February 2019

A widely used methodology for estimating the beta of companies with the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) uses comparable firms based only on industry or sector classifications (Bancel, F., and U. R. Mittoo. 2014. “The Gap between the Theory and Practice of Corporate Valuation: Survey of European Experts.” Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 26, no. 4 (Fall): 106–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jacf.12095, 112; KPMG. 2017. “Cost of Capital Study 2017: Diverging Markets, Converging Business Models.” Accessed September 28, 2018. https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/ch/pdf/cost-of-capital-study-2017-en.pdf, 37). We hypothesize that even within industries, there is a significant relationship between the cost of equity and the life cycle of a firm. We argue that these variables are correlated because different life-cycle stages exhibit different degrees of systematic risk. Therefore, as the firm moves along its life cycle, its unlevered beta decreases. We define the stages of the firm life cycle based on a modification of the theoretical typology of (Miller, D., and P. Friesen. 1984. “A Longitudinal Study of the Corporate Life-Cycle.” Management Sciences 30 (10): 1161–83. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2631384, 1162–3) and then classify a sample of listed companies into these stages using (Dickinson, V. 2011. “Cash Flow Patterns as a Proxy for Firm Life-Cycle.” The Accounting Review 86 (6): 1969–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-10130) cash flow statements methodology. We construct value-weighted portfolios that are formed based on our life-cycle stages classification, adapting the procedure of (Fama, E., and K. R. French. 1993. “Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds.” Journal of Financial Economics 33 (1): 3–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(93)90023-5). Finally, we compare the betas (levered and unlevered) of these portfolios to determine whether there are statistically significant differences. Our results show clear evidence of a relationship between betas and the corporate life cycle and that this relationship is robust to both changes in the period of analysis and omitted variables bias (when controlling with the four-factor model of (Carhart, M. M. 1997. “On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance.” The Journal of Finance 52 (1): 57–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb03808.x). We believe our results show an important shortcoming in a widely used methodology among practitioners for estimating the CAPM.
Attainability of Maximum Work and the Reversible Efficiency of Minimally Nonlinear Irreversible Heat Engines
Authors: Ponmurugan M.
Published: February 2019

We use the general formulation of irreversible thermodynamics and study the minimally nonlinear irreversible model of heat engines operating between a time-varying hot heat source of finite size and a cold heat reservoir of infinite size. We find the criterion under which the optimized efficiency obtained by this minimally nonlinear irreversible heat engine can reach the reversible efficiency under the tight coupling condition: a condition of no heat leakage between the system and the reservoirs. We assume the rate of heat transfer from the hot to the cold heat reservoir obeys Fourier’s law and discuss physical conditions under which one can obtain the reversible efficiency in a finite time with finite power. We also calculate the efficiency at maximum power for the minimally nonlinear irreversible heat engine under the nontight coupling condition.
High-Quality Optical Frequency Comb Generation-Based on Polarization Modulator with RF Frequency Multiplication Circuit and Intensity Modulator
Authors: Lv Xiuping , Li Dan
Published: February 2019

A new approach to generate high-quality optical frequency comb (OFC) with good flatness, high bandwidth, and tunable frequency spacing is proposed. The OFC generator includes a polarization modulator and an intensity modulator (IMS), and the polarization modulator is modulated by a radio frequency multiplication circuit. The theoretical analysis model of the proposed scheme is established. The experiment stimulation results show that 35-line OFC with tunable frequency spacing and spectrum flatness of 0.3 dB and side-mode suppression ratio of 15.53 dB is gotten easily by adjusting the amplitude and frequency of the RF and the direct current bias voltage of the modulators. The stimulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical model.