bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notes for a Networked Biography: The P. G. T. Black Collection of Oceanic Things
Authors: Foster Robert J.
Published: September 2012

In 1938, the Buffalo Museum of Science acquired some 62 hundred objects collected between 1886 and 1916 by and for P. G. Black, a branch inspector for Burns, Philp & Company Ltd., the famous Sydney‐based mercantile and shipping firm. Despite the collection's size, breadth, and significance as a product of the colonial encounter in northern Australia and Melanesia, its history is still largely unrecorded. This article begins to trace the social life of the collection by narrating a formative moment in its biography: the period of Burns, Philp's expansion into the southwest Pacific during which Black assembled the collection. It also identifies two other moments: the years after Black's death in 1921 when the overseas purchase of the collection was decried in Australian newspapers and the years after the collection came to Buffalo when objects were loaned for display at American fine arts museums, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York. At these particular biographical moments, objects in the collection were differently construed as native curios and ethnological specimens, national patrimony, and primitive art. This article advances a trend of recent scholarship in anthropology and museology by foregrounding the historical circumstances and social relations that condition the appropriation of objects. [Buffalo Museum of Science, P. G. T. Black Collection, Oceania, Australian Museum, art/artifact, object biography, national patrimony]
Protecting the Wife’s Rights in Marriage as Reflected in Pre‐Nuptials and Marriage Contracts from the Cairo Genizah and Parallel Arabic Sources
Authors: Ashur Amir
Published: September 2012

In the Cairo Genizah we find thousands of documents related to marriage and family life. These serve as unique and rich material for the research of the family life of the Jews of Egypt in the medieval period. It was common among the Genizah people to agree on certain conditions to apply during marriage life. These conditions were inserted and written in the pre‐nuptial agreements. Most conditions are in favour of the women and served mainly to protect them from their husbands’ misbehaviour. In this article I will compare various Jewish marriage documents, found in the Cairo Genizah, with parallel Arabic (Muslim and Coptic) sources. I will concentrate on those agreements that contain stipulations that were explicitly written in order to protect the wife from their husband’s bad behaviour. Both Muslim and Jewish societies had to deal with the same problems concerning the status of women, and we will be able to find out what measures were taken by each society, and their approach toward married life and women’s status.
Fluorescence Quenching by Intercalation of a Pyrene Group Tethered to an N4‐modified Cytosine in Duplex DNA
Authors: Avirah Rekha R. , Schuster Gary B.
Published: September 2012

A series of duplex DNA oligomers was prepared that contain a pyrene chromophore linked by a trimethylene chain (‐(CH2)3‐) to N4 of a cytosine. The pyrene group stabilizes the DNA as evidenced by an increase in melting temperature. The absorption spectrum of the linked pyrene chromophore shows a temperature‐dependent shift and there is also a strong induced circular dichroism spectrum attributed to the pyrene group. The fluorescence of the pyrene chromophore is strongly quenched at room temperature by linkage to the DNA, but it increases above the melting temperature. We attribute these observations to intramolecular intercalation of the pyrene group at a base pair adjacent to its linkage site at cytosine.
Search and Validation of Acidity References in Sensory Evaluation of Pepper
Authors: Torre Paloma , Arana Inés , Ortigosa María , Ibáñez Francisco C.
Published: September 2012

The accreditation of sensory methods for quality control of specific products requires the fulfillment of interlaboratory tests. These tests are one of the requirements to guarantee the technical competence of the laboratories in an independent way. In order to compare the laboratory results, it is convenient to use references in judge training. This investigation shows the efficiency of the references for evaluating the intensity of the acidity during sensory quality control of peppers with protected designation of origin (PDO). Such references are prepared from a vegetable food matrix. Three references have been obtained for the acidity intensity and they have been tested with three sensory panels from different laboratories. The samples used belonged to a PDO. It also compared the use of two response scales in a trained panel. The results show a high correlation between both response scales and it can be considered as a preliminary study of the development of acidity references to be used for improvement of sensory quality control procedures of some type of pepper.

Practical Applications

This study provides the guidelines for development of acid references in a vegetable food. These references are relevant to minimize the variability in sensory evaluation for quality control of protected designation of origin.

The use of a reference standard for intensity is helpful in intercomparison testing studies.
Detection and Identification of Two Phytoplasmas (16SrIII‐B and 16SrXII‐A) From Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Serbia
Authors: Starović Mira , Kuzmanović Slobodan , Gavrilović Veljko , Aleksić Goran , Popović Tatjana , Stojanović Saša , Jošić Dragana
Published: September 2012

Plants of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) exhibiting general stunting, proliferation and phyllody associated with leaf yellowing and reddening were observed in three localities of Central Serbia. Phytoplasma strains belonging to 16SrIII‐B and 16SrXII‐A groups were detected and identified by RFLP and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. Stolbur phytoplasma tuf gene RFLP analysis showed the presence of the TufAY‐b‐type phytoplasma subgroup in 80% of symptomatic samples. This is the first report of 16SrIII‐B and 16SrXII‐A phytoplasma groups affecting alfalfa in Serbia.
Detection and identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ in Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis in Poland
Authors: Kamińska Maria , Berniak Hanna , Kamiński Piotr
Published: September 2012

Severe growth abnormalities, including leaf yellowing, sprout proliferation and flower virescence and phyllody, were found on Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis plants in Poland. The presence of phytoplasma in naturally infected plants was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction assay employing phytoplasma universal P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 primer pairs. The detected phytoplasma was identified using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) of the 16S rRNA gene fragment with AluI, HhaI, MseI and RsaI endonucleases. After enzymatic digestion, all tested samples showed restriction pattern similar to that of ‘Candidatus phytoplasma asteris’. Nested PCR‐amplified products, obtained with primers R16F2n/R16R2, were sequenced. Sequences of the 16S rDNA gene fragment of analysed phytoplasma isolates were nearly identical. They revealed high nucleotide sequence identity (>98%) with corresponding sequences of other phytoplasma isolates from subgroup 16SrI‐B, and they were classified as members of ‘Candidatus phytoplasma asteris’. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of phytoplasma‐associated disease in plants of Chinese cabbage.
CANCELLATION OF ULTRA-VIOLET INFINITIES IN ONE LOOP GRAVITY
Authors: KOREPIN V. E.
Published: September 2012

Quantization of gravity is a formidable challenge for modern theoretical physics. Ultraviolet divergencies are the problem. In 1974 the author used functional integral formalism for the quantization. The background formulation helped to solve the problem in one loop approximation. The author proved that the divergencies cancel on mass shell, because of Einstein's equations of motion.
PERFECTLY BOUNDED CLASSES OF ABELIAN GROUPS
Authors: KEEF PATRICK W.
Published: September 2012

Let [Formula: see text] be the class of abelian p-groups. A non-empty proper subclass [Formula: see text] is bounded if it is closed under subgroups, additively bounded if it is also closed under direct sums and perfectly bounded if it is additively bounded and closed under filtrations. If [Formula: see text], we call the partition of [Formula: see text] given by [Formula: see text] a B/U-pair. We state most of our results not in terms of bounded classes, but rather the corresponding B/U-pairs. Any additively bounded class contains a unique maximal perfectly bounded subclass. The idea of the length of a reduced group is generalized to the notion of the length of an additively bounded class. If λ is an ordinal or the symbol ∞, then there is a natural largest and smallest additively bounded class of length λ, as well as a largest and smallest perfectly bounded class of length λ. If λ ≤ ω, then there is a unique perfectly bounded class of length λ, namely the pλ-bounded groups that are direct sums of cyclics; however, this fails when λ > ω. This parallels results of Dugas, Fay and Shelah (1987) and Keef (1995) on the behavior of classes of abelian p-groups with elements of infinite height. It also simplifies, clarifies and generalizes a result of Cutler, Mader and Megibben (1989) which states that the pω + 1-projectives cannot be characterized using filtrations.
Photochemical Properties of Precipitated Titania Aerosol Produced by Powdering of Crystal Rutile under Ambient Air
Authors: Zakharenko Valery , Filimonov Alexey
Published: September 2012

It is shown that the quantum yields of oxygen photoadsorption and carbon dioxide photodesorption on TiO2 are significantly higher under illumination by quanta with energy from the surface absorption region of TiO2 when it is not produced by the traditional way, but from the rutile crystal. The magnitudes and spectral dependencies of the quantum yield of photoadsorption and photodesorption for TiO2 produced from a monocrystal are determined. A mechanism of a sharp increase of the titania photoadsorption activity in the surface absorption region is proposed.
Treatment patterns in major depressive disorder after an inadequate response to first-line antidepressant treatment
Authors: Garcia-Toro Mauro , Medina Esteban , Galan Jaime L , Gonzalez Miguel A , Maurino Jorge
Published: September 2012

Background

The aim of the study was to determine the most common pharmacological strategies used in the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) after an inadequate response to first-line antidepressant treatment in clinical practice.

Methods

Multicenter, non-interventional study in adult outpatients with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of MDD and inadequate response to first-line antidepressant medication. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent factors associated with the adoption of a specific second-line strategy.

Results

A total of 273 patients were analyzed (mean age: 46.8 years, 67.8% female). Baseline mean Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale total score was 32.1 (95%CI 31.2-32.9). The most common strategies were: switching antidepressant medication (39.6%), augmentation (18.8%), and combination therapy (17.9%). Atypical antipsychotic drugs were the most commonly used agent for augmenting antidepressant effect. The presence of psychotic symptoms and the number of previous major depressive episodes were associated with the adoption of augmenting strategy (OR = 3.2 and 1.2, respectively).

Conclusion

The switch to another antidepressant agent was the most common second-line therapeutic approach. Psychiatrists chose augmentation based on a worse patients’ clinical profile (number of previous episodes and presence of psychotic symptoms).
Sleepless nights: Contemporary Art and the Culture of Performance
Authors: Diack Heather
Published: September 2012

The unavoidable necessity to sleep acknowledges the built-in limits humans have to the nearly inescapable demands of work and consumer culture. International art events such as Nuit Blanche present a resistance to this mortal ‘sleep’ as a version of participatory art. Though
such events foreclose traditional notions of spectatorship, they nevertheless reinforce spectacle as a systemic challenge to individual subjectivity. Arguably, contemporary art’s increasing sleeplessness and its contradictory implications compel a kind of ‘activation’ that
affirms rather than resists the global market.
Oxygen Liberation from Stabilized Zirconia upon Changing DC Polarization Condition
Authors: Kurita Noriaki , Kobayashi Kenji , Heda Yoshinori , Fukatsu Norihiko
Published: September 2012

The compositional change of stabilized zirconia upon the change of oxygen chemical potential was studied by applying DC-polarization method to a galvanic cell using stabilized zirconia as the electrolyte. The flow of excess charge observed upon the change of the DC-polarization condition was found due to the oxygen liberation from the bulk of the electrolyte. The total amount of liberated oxygen determined by the excess charge was analyzed in terms of the compositional change of the electrolyte due to the change of oxygen chemical potential profile in the electrolyte. The calculated values based on the increase or decrease of the electronic defects could not account for the experimental values. However, the ones based on the reduction of impurity oxides were in good agreement with the experimental values. Considerable amount of oxygen can be released from or absorbed into the zirconia electrolyte by the redox reaction of impurity oxide. It is noteworthy that this phenomenon may cause serious errors to the transport properties of electronic defect determined with the use of the relaxation processes.
Municipal Archaeology Programs and the Creation of Community Amenities
Authors: Appler Douglas R.
Published: September 2012

This paper explores how the municipal archaeology programs found in Alexandria, Virginia; St. Augustine, Florida; and Phoenix, Arizona have played a prominent role in developing unique, place-based amenities that integrate local history with other community needs. These cities are unusual in that they maintain archaeologists on city staff and that those archaeologists have used their positions to develop local environments that are extremely supportive of public engagement with history. Using interviews as well as archival and documentary sources, this paper demonstrates how the public's resulting familiarity with archaeology has allowed the interpretation of local history to take a variety of unexpected forms, including public and private open spaces, urban walking and cycling trails, museums, and public art, among many others.
Improving Delivery of EPSDT Well-Child Care at Acute Visits in an Academic Pediatric Practice
Authors: Patterson Barron L. , Gregg William M. , Biggers Cynthia , Barkin Shari
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Many patients with Medicaid do not receive timely, comprehensive well-child care through the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) program. Missed opportunities for EPSDT well-child check-ups (WCCs) at acute visits contribute to this problem. The authors sought to reduce missed opportunities for WCCs at acute visits for patients overdue for those services.

METHODS:

A quality improvement team developed key drivers and used a people-process-technology framework to devise 3 interventions: (1) an electronic indicator based on novel definitions of EPSDT status (up-to-date, due, overdue, no EPSDT), (2) a standardized scheduling process for acute visits based on EPSDT status, and (3) a dedicated nurse practitioner to provide WCCs at acute visits. Data were collected for 1 year after full implementation.

RESULTS:

At baseline, 10.3 acute visits per month were converted to WCCs. After intervention, 86.7 acute visits per month were converted. Of 13 801 acute visits during the project, 31.2% were not up-to-date. Of those overdue for WCCs, 51.4% (n = 552) were converted to a WCC in addition to the acute visit. Including all patients who were not up-to-date, a total of 1047 acute visits (7.6% of all acute visits) were converted to comprehensive WCCs. Deferring needed WCCs at acute visits resulted in few patients who scheduled or completed future WCC visits.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementation of interventions focused on people-process-technology significantly increased WCCs at acute visits within a feasible and practical model that may be replicated at other academic general pediatrics practices.
Antitrypanosomal Alkaloids from the Marine Bacterium Bacillus pumilus
Authors: Martínez-Luis Sergio , Gómez José Félix , Spadafora Carmenza , Guzmán Héctor M. , Gutiérrez Marcelino
Published: September 2012

Fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of the marine bacterium Bacillus pumilus isolated from the black coral Antipathes sp. led to the isolation of five compounds: cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Pro) (1), 3-hydroxyacetylindole (2), N-acetyl-b-oxotryptamine (3), cyclo-(L-Phe-L-Pro) (4), and 3-formylindole (5). The structures of compounds 1−5 were established by spectroscopic analyses, including HRESITOF-MS and NMR (1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC and COSY). Compounds 2, 3 and 5 caused the inhibition on the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), with IC50 values of 20.6, 19.4 and 26.9 μM, respectively, with moderate cytotoxicity against Vero cells. Compounds 1−5 were found to be inactive when tested against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania donovani, therefore showing selectivity against T. cruzi parasites.
On-line Certification for All: The PINVOX Algorithm
Authors: Canessa E , Fonda C , Zennaro M
Published: September 2012

A protoype algorithm: PINVOX (â??Personal

Identification Number by Voice") for on-line certification is

introduced to guarantee that scholars have followed, i.e.,

listened and watched, a complete recorded lecture with the

option of earning a certificate or diploma of completion

after remotely attending courses. It is based on the injection

of unique, randomly selected and pre-recorded integer

numbers (or single letters or words) within the audio trace

of a video stream at places where silence is automatically

detected. The certificate of completion or â??virtual

attendanceâ? is generated on-the-fly after the successful

identification of the embedded PINVOX code by a video

viewer student.
Social aspects of the declining girl ratios
Authors: Deshpande Varsha
Published: September 2012

This article is a brief overview of the problems faced by Indian women since decades of social intolerance that has led to the gulf in the male: female sex ratio in our country.
Re-evaluation of the lifetimes of the major CFCs and CH3CCl3 using atmospheric trends
Authors: Rigby M. , Prinn R. G. , O'Doherty S. , Montzka S. A. , McCulloch A. , Harth C. M. , Mühle J. , Salameh P. K. , Weiss R. F. , Young D. , Simmonds P. G. , Hall B. D. , Dutton G. S. , Nance D. , Mondeel D. J. , Elkins J. W. , Krummel P. B. , Steele L. P. , Fraser P. J.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Since the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer and its amendments came into effect, growth rates of the major ozone depleting substances (ODS), particularly CFC-11, -12 and -113 and CH3CCl3, have declined markedly, paving the way for global stratospheric ozone recovery. Emissions have now fallen to relatively low levels, therefore the rate at which this recovery occurs will depend largely on the atmospheric lifetime of these compounds. The first ODS measurements began in the early 1970s along with the first lifetime estimates calculated by considering their atmospheric trends. We now have global mole fraction records spanning multiple decades, prompting this lifetime re-evaluation. Using surface measurements from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Monitoring Division (NOAA GMD) from 1978 to 2011, we estimated the lifetime of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113 and CH3CCl3 using a multi-species inverse method. The CFC-11 lifetime of 45 yr, currently recommended in the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, lies at the lower uncertainty bound of our estimates which are 524066 yr (1-sigma uncertainty) when AGAGE data were used, and 504066 yr when the NOAA network data were used. Our derived lifetime for CFC-113 is higher than the WMO estimates of 85 yr (10488123 using AGAGE, 10387122 using NOAA). Our estimates of the lifetime of CFC-12 and CH3CCl3 agree well with other recent estimates being 10885137 and 10484135 yr (CFC-12, AGAGE and NOAA, respectively) and 5.24.85.6 and 5.24.85.7 yr (CH3CCl3, AGAGE and NOAA, respectively).
Evaluation of ozone profile and tropospheric ozone retrievals from GEMS and OMI spectra
Authors: Bak J. , Kim J. H. , Liu X. , Chance K. , Kim J.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Korea is planning to launch the GEMS (Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer) instrument into a Geostationary (GEO) platform in 2018 to monitor tropospheric air pollutants on an hourly basis over East Asia. GEMS will measure backscattered UV radiances covering the 300–500 nm wavelength range with a spectral resolution of 0.6 nm. The main objective of this study is to evaluate ozone profiles and stratospheric column ozone amounts retrieved from simulated GEMS measurements. Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Level 1B radiances, which have the spectral range 270–500 nm at spectral resolution of 0.42–0.63 nm, are used to simulate the GEMS radiances. An optimal estimation-based ozone profile algorithm is used to retrieve ozone profiles from simulated GEMS radiances. Firstly, we compare the retrieval characteristics (including averaging kernels, degrees of freedom for signal, and retrieval error) derived from the 270–330 nm (OMI) and 300–330 nm (GEMS) wavelength ranges. This comparison shows that the effect of not using measurements below 300 nm on tropospheric ozone retrievals is insignificant. However, the stratospheric ozone information decreases greatly from OMI to GEMS, by a factor of ∼2. The number of the independent pieces of information available from GEMS measurements is estimated to 3 on average in the stratosphere, with associated retrieval errors of ∼1% in stratospheric column ozone. The difference between OMI and GEMS retrieval characteristics is apparent for retrieving ozone layers above ∼20 km, with a reduction in the sensitivity and an increase in the retrieval errors for GEMS. We further investigate whether GEMS can resolve the stratospheric ozone variation observed from high vertical resolution EOS Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The differences in stratospheric ozone profiles between GEMS and MLS are comparable to those between OMI and MLS above ∼3 hPa (∼40 km) except with slightly larger biases and larger standard deviations by up to 5%. At pressure altitudes above ∼3 hPa, GEMS retrievals show strong influence of a priori and large differences with MLS, which, however, can be sufficiently improved by using better a priori information. The GEMS-MLS differences show negative biases of less than 4% for stratospheric column ozone, with standard deviations of 1–3%, while OMI retrievals show similar agreements with MLS except for 1% smaller biases at mid and high latitudes. Based on the comparisons, we conclude that GEMS will measure tropospheric ozone and stratospheric ozone columns with accuracy comparable to that of OMI and ozone profiles with slightly worse performance than that of OMI below ∼3 hPa.
Modelling holocene carbon accumulation and methane emissions of boreal wetlands – an earth system model approach
Authors: Schuldt R. J. , Brovkin V. , Kleinen T. , Winderlich J.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Since the Last Glacial Maximum, boreal wetlands have accumulated substantial amounts of peat, estimated at 180–621 Pg of carbon. Wetlands have significantly affected the atmospheric greenhouse gas composition in the past and will play a significant role in future changes of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations. In order to investigate those changes with an Earth System Model, biogeochemical processes in boreal wetlands need to be accounted for. Thus, a model of peat accumulation and decay was developed and included in the land surface model JSBACH of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). Here, we present the evaluation of model results from 6000 yr BP to the preindustrial period. Over this period of time, in the model 240 Pg of peat carbon accumulated in the areas north of 40° N. Simulated peat accumulation rates agree well with those reported for boreal wetlands. The model simulates CH4 emissions of 49.3 Tg yr−1 for 6000 yr BP and 51.5 Tg yr−1 for preindustrial times. This is within the range of estimates in the literature, which range from 32 to 112 Tg yr−1 for boreal wetlands. The modeled methane emission for West Siberian Lowlands and Hudson Bay Lowlands agree well with observations. The rising trend of methane emissions over the last 6000 yr is in agreement with measurements of Antarctic and Greenland ice cores.
The potential for material processing in hydrological systems – a novel classification approach
Authors: Oldham C. E. , Farrow D. E. , Peiffer S.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Assessing the potential for transfer or export of biogeochemicals or pollutants from catchments is of primary importance under changing land use and climatic conditions. Over the past decade the connectivity/disconnectivity dynamic of a catchment has been related to its potential to export material, however we continue to use multiple definitions of connectivity, and most have focused strongly on physical (hydrologicaly or hydraulic) connectivity. In this paper we use a dual-lens approach, where the dynamic balance between transport and reaction is constantly in focus, and define ecohydrological connectivity as the ability of matter and organisms to transfer within and between elements of the hydrologic cycle while undergoing biogeochemical transformation. The connectivity/disconnectivity dynamic must take into account the opportunity for a given reaction to occur during transport and/or isolation. Using this definition, we define three distinct regimes: (1) one which is ecohydrologically connected and diffusion dominated; (2) one which is ecohydrologically connected and advection dominated and (3) one which is both hydrologically and ecohydrologically disconnected. Within each regime we use a new non-dimensional number, NE, to compare exposure timescales with reactions timescales. NE is reaction-specific and allows the estimation of relevant spatial scales over which the reactions of interest are taking place. Case studies provide examples of how NE can be used to classify systems according to their sensitivity to shifts in hydrological regime, and gain insight into the biogeochemical processes that are signficant under the specified conditions. Finally, we explore the implications of this dual-lens framework for improved water management, for our understanding of biodiversity, resilience and biogeochemical competitiveness under specified conditions
Synthesis of New Single CFOA-Based VCOs Incorporating the Voltage Summing Property of Analog Multipliers
Authors: Gupta S. S. , Bhaskar D. R. , Senani R.
Published: September 2012

Recently, current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) and analog multiplier-(AM-) based-voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) have been published in the literature which require 2 CFOAs and 2 AMs for linear tuning law between control voltage and frequency of oscillation. In this paper, a family of eight new voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), with linear tuning laws, employing only a single CFOA in conjunction with two analog multipliers (AMs), has been derived through a systematic state-variable methodology. This has been made possible by exploiting the voltage summing property of the multiplier chosen which has never been done in the literature earlier. The workability of the presented VCOs has been verified by experimental results based on AD844 type CFOAs and AD534 type AMs, and the advantages of new circuits over the previously known CFOA-AM-based VCOs have been highlighted.
Water utility leadership and its key role in protecting aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Grigg Neil S.
Published: September 2012

Utilities are in a pivotal position to promote watershed management programs, cooperate in improving instream flows, and bring together various local stakeholders to safeguard aquatic ecosystems for the mutual benefit of all.
Arguments by the Contributors of Research Journal Publication
Authors: Djuwari Djuwari
Published: September 2012

Arguments in academic writing are the most important things. The arguments asserted by the contributors of research journal publication are assumed to be more specific especially before the articles are edited and published. So far, arguments have been used to distinguish the value of the academic writing especially in the conclusion section. This study attempts to reveal how the arguments in academic writing written by the contributors of research journals are expressed. This research employs qualitative methods, in which the subjects are the documents: research articles (RAs) submitted by the contributors of research journal before they were edited and published. The data were collected from the articles submitted to the accredited research journal. There were 15 RAs selected purposively and then analyzed using the three types of modality showing: low commitment, medium commitment, and high commitment. A triangulator as another investigator was also employed for peer debriefing to get trustworthiness. From this analysis, the uniqueness and styles of expressing the arguments in the conclusion sections were explored and described. It was found that most of the contributors or authors use low level of commitments for arguing in their conclusion sections. Keywords - low commitment, medium commitments, and high commitments, modality, RAs.
Kalinga Textile Design Development and Evaluation
Authors: Odiem Marymina P. , Bawer Ma. Cyrila , Bagtang Eduardo T.
Published: September 2012

Weaving is one of the major economic activities among women in the province of Kalinga, Philippines. The study developed and evaluated the Kalinga weave designs. The researchers conceptualized modified weave designs. The weave designs were taught to 15 weavers through five day training. Specifically, the project upgrades the weaving skills and techniques of weavers in terms of designs, color combination, and workmanship. The results showed that the making of bags, men’s attires, ladies suits, accessories, and for accents. Fifteen woven items produced different designs. The woven products were mixed with some of the existing designs and evaluated. Results of the evaluation revealed that in terms of color combination, design, workmanship, and best utilization of the products, the assessment of the evaluators did not significantly differ. The modified cloth designs can compete with the traditional designs in terms of color combinations, designs and workmanship.   Keywords - weave design development, evaluation, improvement
Clinical Instructors’ Related Learning Experience Needs in Training, Development and Empowerment
Authors: Lim Estrellita N. , Amparado Mauro Allan P.
Published: September 2012

This study assessed the Related Learning Experience (RLE) needs in terms of training, development and empowerment of the clinical instructors of the of the College of Nursing, University of Cebu-Banilad, Cebu City for SY 2010-2011. Findings of this study served as bases for a proposed action plan. This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design using a 50-item researcher-made questionnaire and purposive sampling procedure. It included 157 employed clinical instructors from Level 1 to Level 4 placements and midwifery/health aide instructors. Statistical treatments used in the data analysis were simple percentage, weighted mean, hypothetical mean range and the chi-square test of independence. Results revealed that the dominant RLE training needs were CPR, IV insertion, NGT insertion, colostomy care training, physical assessment skills, assisting in abdominal paracentesis and endoscopy procedures. The dominant development needs were research skills, continuing education, counseling, cultivating values and leadership skills. The extent of RLE needs in terms of training and development were needed while empowerment was most needed. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between the clinical instructors’ profile and their empowerment needs. The researchers strongly recommend the implementation of the proposed action plan. Keywords - needs, training, development, empowerment, clinical instructors, related learning experience,
Optimized ionic liquids for toluene absorption
Authors: Bedia Jorge , Ruiz Elia , de Riva Juan , Ferro Victor R. , Palomar Jose , Rodriguez Juan Jose
Published: September 2012

Conductor‐like‐screening model for real solvents (COSMO‐RS) method was used to analyze the solute‐solvent interactions and to screen Henry's law constant of toluene over 272 ionic liquids (ILs), to select high‐capacity absorbents. Thermogravimetric experiments were carried out to evaluate the toluene absorption by selected ILs at different temperatures and atmospheric pressure. Experimental equilibrium data were found in good agreement with COSMO‐RS predictions. Complete desorption of toluene by N2 stripping was achieved, indicating an easy regeneration. The kinetic curves were described by a phenomenological diffusion model, obtaining effective diffusivities in reasonable concordance with those calculated by Wilke–Chang correlation. The separation process with selected ILs was modeled by Aspen Plus and a comparison with organic absorbents was carried out. Equilibrium‐ and rate‐based simulations were used to analyze the importance of thermodynamics and kinetics in toluene absorption by ILs. Current computational‐experimental research allowed selecting a set of suitable ILs for toluene absorption. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1648–1656, 2013
Disease‐specific databases: Why we need them and some recommendations from the Human Variome Project Meeting, May 28, 2011
Authors: Howard Heather J. , Beaudet Arthur , Gil‐da‐Silva Lopes Vera , Lyne Mike , Suthers Graeme , Van den Akker Peter , Wertheim‐Tysarowska Katarzyna , Willems Patrick , Macrae Finlay
Published: September 2012

The need for Locus‐Specific Databases, with disease‐specific experts and curators, is an essential ingredient in a process to enable the benefits of the advances in sequencing and mutational analysis to be realized across the genome. Next generation sequencing provides both astounding opportunities and challenges, especially for genetic counsellors. An approach coordinated at a genome wide, international level, supported by well‐organized disease‐specific respected organizations is a model most likely to be successful, but committed resourceful professionals working in local poorly resourced environments can make valuable contributions that can grow. Bioinformatic tools to sift and integrate multiple domains of information are being developed, and play a major part in meeting the challenges. Regulation of providers, including a requirement for them to submit mutational information to central databases, also should assist to reach the goals needed to realize the opportunities. There is also a need to agree on governance of Locus‐Specific Databases (LSDBs) at an international level, and for adequate international funding to support this need, to ensure humanity reaps the benefits of the current molecular genetic revolution. The Human Variome Project offers this, working also with the other major initiatives with similar objectives. This report concludes with Recommendations for the Human Variome Project stemming from the presentations and discussions at the meeting. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Death rates in the U.S. due to Krabbe disease and related leukodystrophy and lysosomal storage diseases
Authors: Barczykowski Amy L. , Foss Alexander H. , Duffner Patricia K. , Yan Li , Carter Randy L.
Published: September 2012

Leukodystrophies (LD) and lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) have generated increased interest recently as targets for newborn screening programs. Accurate epidemiological benchmarks are needed in the U.S. Age‐specific mortality rates were estimated for Krabbe disease (KD) and nine related disorders. U.S. mortality records with E75.2 cause of death code during 1999–2004 were collected from 11 open record states. All E75.2 deaths in the United States were distributed into specific disease type based on proportions observed in these states. Yearly population sizes were obtained from the CDC and averaged. Mortality rates (per million individuals per year) by age group for the specific diseases were (for <5 or ≥5 years): Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher (0.037/0.033); sudanophilic leukodystrophy (SLD) (0.037/0.004); Canavan (0.037/0.011), Alexander (0.147/0.022); Krabbe (0.994/0.007); metachromatic leukodystrophy (0.331/0.135); Fabry (0.000/0.124); Gaucher (0.221/0.073); Niemann–Pick (NP) (0.442/0.088); multiple sulfatase (0.000/0.004). This is the first report of mortality rates for the LD/LSD diseases in the U.S. Approximated birth prevalence rate for the early infantile Krabbe phenotype (onset 0–6 months) was based on the <5 year old mortality rate of one early infantile case per 244,000 births, which matches the 1 in 250,000 observed in the NYS newborn screening program as of 2011. It should be noted however that the NYS calculation refers only to the early infantile phenotype and does not include the majority of babies identified in the program with low GALC and two mutations who have remained clinically normal. It is presumed that most, if not all, will develop later onset forms of the disease, but this is by no means certain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decomposition of 2‐chlorophenol, 4‐chlorophenol and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol by catalytic oxidation over cobalt and nickel impregnated SBA‐15
Authors: Mayani Suranjana V. , Mayani Vishal J. , Kim Sang Wook
Published: September 2012

This work describes the use of Co(II) and Ni(II) impregnated SBA‐15 as catalysts for the oxidative degradation of a few persistent chlorinated phenols in an aqueous medium: 2‐chlorophenol (2‐CP), 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (2,4,6‐TCP). The catalysts were characterised in terms of their crystallographic features, surface topography, functional groups, thermal stability, etc. The oxidation reactions were carried out using the reaction time, concentration of chlorophenol, amount of catalyst and pH of the reaction mixture as the process variables with or without hydrogen peroxide as the chemical oxidising agent. The conversion achieved with Co/SBA‐15 for 2‐CP, 4‐CP and 2,4,6‐TCP was respectively 84.7%, 78.4% and 64.8% with H2O2 and 86.3%, 80.2% and 70.3% in the absence of H2O2. The conversion with Ni/SBA‐15 also at 353 K for 2‐CP, 4‐CP and 2,4,6‐TCP was, respectively, 82.3%, 81.9% and 64.0% at 5 h with H2O2 and 89.5%, 82.9% and 65.6% without H2O2. The reactions followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. The leachability study indicated that the catalysts release very little Co and Ni to water. Therefore, the possibility of water contamination through metal leaching was almost negligible. Oxidative degradation was confirmed by measuring the total organic carbon. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
A population‐based study of metastatic colorectal cancer in individuals aged ≥80 years
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Jain Kunal , Beeke Carol , Price Timothy J. , Townsend Amanda R. , Padbury Rob , Roder David , Young Graeme P. , Richards Alison , Karapetis Christos S.
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND.

Life expectancy is increasing, and more patients are presenting with cancer at an advanced age (≥80 years). Optimal management for this group of patients has not been well defined.

METHODS.

The South Australian Clinical Registry for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) collects data on all patients diagnosed since February 2006 in South Australia. The authors examined cancer characteristics, treatments administered, and outcomes for patients aged ≥80 years compared with patients aged <80 years.

RESULTS

Data from 2314 patients were evaluable, and 29.2% of these patients were aged ≥80 years. The majority had moderately differentiated tumors. Poorly differentiated tumors were reported in fewer patients aged ≥80 years (20.1% vs 26.1%; P < .005). Overall, 28.1% of patients aged ≥80 years received chemotherapy, and 74.2% received single‐agent fluoropyrimidines as first‐line treatment. By comparison, 68.2% of patients aged <80 years received chemotherapy, 74.3% received combination chemotherapy, and 25.7% received single‐agent fluoropyrimidine as first‐line treatment. No treatment was received by 38.2% of patients aged ≥80 years compared with 11.4% of those aged <80 years. Participation in clinical trials was lower in patients aged ≥80 years (2% vs 13%). The median survival was worse for patients aged ≥80 years (8.2 months vs 19.2 months; P < .001), and the median survival of patients who received chemotherapy was 19.0 months for those aged ≥80 years and 22.3 months for those aged <80 years (P = .139). Patients who did not receive treatment had a poor median survival regardless of age (2.6 months for patients aged ≥80 years vs 2.7 months for patients aged <80 years).

CONCLUSIONS.

Patients aged ≥80 years were less likely to receive intervention for their metastatic colorectal cancer and had poorer survival. The survival of selected patients aged ≥80 years who received chemotherapy was similar to the survival of those aged <80 years despite the receipt of single‐agent therapy. Patients aged ≥80 years with metastatic colorectal cancer are less likely to receive intervention for their disease and have poorer survival. Survival for selected patients aged ≥80 years who receive chemotherapy is similar to the survival of patients aged <80 years despite the receipt of single‐agent therapy. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Links between psychopathological symptoms and disordered eating behaviors in overweight/obese youths
Authors: Pauli‐Pott Ursula , Becker Katja , Albayrak Özgür , Hebebrand Johannes , Pott Wilfried
Published: September 2012

Objective:

Among overweight and obese youths, rates of depression, anxiety disorders, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are elevated. We analyze whether these emotional and behavioral problems are associated with specifically disordered eating pattern.

Method:

Participants in the study were 128 overweight and obese children/adolescents (BMI: m = 29.3, s = 4.5; BMI‐SDS: m = 2.5, s = 0.4) between 8 and 15 years. Structured psychiatric assessments were conducted adopting a multimethod, multiinformant approach.

Results:

Children/adolescents with ODD symptoms showed increased eating in response to external cues and binge eating. ADHD symptoms were not associated with disordered eating behaviors. Children/adolescents with symptoms of depression and anxiety showed emotional and binge eating. In particular, overweight girls with symptoms of depression showed restrained eating.

Discussion:

Our results point to specific eating problems in overweight/obese children with ODD and depression/anxiety symptoms. The findings could help to tailor interventions to optimally meet the specific needs of overweight children with emotional and behavioral problems. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Immobilized Catalysts for Hydroformylation Reactions: A Versatile Tool for Aldehyde Synthesis
Authors: Neves Ângela C. B. , Calvete Mário J. F. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. , Pereira Mariette M.
Published: September 2012

Olefin hydroformylation is a widely used process, both on large scales and in fine chemistry, with catalyst reuse still being one of the main objectives. In recent years, developments in the immobilization of catalysts on solid supports that enable their recovery and reuse when applied in catalytic hydroformylations of aromatic and aliphatic olefins have resulted in a boost in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. This review presents the most relevant results reported over the last five years with regard to the development and use of supported catalysts in mesoporous materials, hydrotalcite, carbon materials, and nanoparticles for catalytic hydroformylation of olefins. A critical analysis of the results, especially in the context of reusability and leaching issues, is presented.
DNA‐PKcs‐dependent NHEJ pathway supports the progression of topoisomerase II poison‐induced chromosome aberrant cells
Authors: Elguero Maria Eugenia , de Campos‐Nebel Marcelo , González‐Cid Marcela
Published: September 2012

The role of DNA double strand break (DSB) repair pathways, non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ), and homologous recombination (HR) was evaluated to prevent the chromosome instability induced by the topoisomerase II (Top2) poisons, idarubicin, and etoposide in Chinese hamster cell lines. XR‐C1 (DNA‐PKcs deficient) and V‐C8 (BRCA2 deficient) showed higher sensitivity to increased concentrations of Top2 poisons compared with their normal counterparts, CHO9 and V79. Both proficient and deficient cells exhibited a marked DSB induction in all phases of the cell cycle. Additionally, deficient cells showed persistent DNA damage 24 hr post‐treatment. Chromosomal aberrations increased in the first mitosis following Top2 poison‐treatments in G1 or G2 in proficient and deficient cells. CHO9 and V79 demonstrated chromosome and chromatid exchanges following treatments in G1 and G2 phases, respectively. Deficient cells showed high frequencies of chromatid exchanges following treatments in G1 and G2. Simultaneously, we analyzed the micronuclei (MN) induction in interphase cells after treatments in G1, S, or G2 of the previous cell cycle. Both Top2 poisons induced an important increase in MN in CHO9, V79, and V‐C8 cells. XR‐C1 exhibited an increased MN frequency when cells were treated in G1 phase but not in S or G2. This MN reduction was due to a cell accumulation at G2/M and death in G2‐treated cells. Our data suggest that NHEJ and HR operate differentially throughout the cell cycle to protect from Top2 poison‐induced chromosome instability, and that DNA‐PKcs‐dependent NHEJ pathway allows the survival of chromosome damaged cells during S/G2 to the next interphase. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bcl‐xL protein: Predictor of complete tumor response in patients with oral cancer treated with curative radiotherapy
Authors: Mallick Sanchita , Agarwal Jaiprakash , Kannan Sadhana , Pawar Sagar , Kane Shubhada , Teni Tanuja
Published: September 2012

Background

We earlier observed altered expression of p53 and Bcl‐xL in oral cancer cell lines/tissues and wanted to evaluate these proteins for prediction of radiotherapy response and outcome.

Methods

Thirty‐nine paraffin‐embedded, pretreatment oral cancer biopsies were analyzed for protein expression using immunohistochemistry and correlated with tumor response to radiotherapy and disease‐free survival (DFS).

Result

High p53 (p = .040) was observed in female versus male patients. Increased p53 intensity (p = .063) was observed in tobacco habitués (chewers ± smokers) versus patients with no habits. In univariate analysis, nodal positivity (p = .044) and favorable/complete tumor response (p = .002) exhibited a significant correlation with DFS, whereas tumor response emerged as an independent predictor of DFS in multivariate analysis. Significantly high Bcl‐xL (p = .048) was observed in the unfavorable versus favorable responders.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that Bcl‐xL expression along with clinical parameters may be useful for identifying patients with oral cancer likely to draw maximum benefit from curative radiotherapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1448–1453, 2013