bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Textual Representation of Kingship and Authority in the Chandimangal of Mukunda Chakroborty
Authors: Chettry Aniket Tathagata
Published: June 2022

One of the most popular Mangalkavyas of Bengal was the Chandimangal of Mukunda Chakraborty. This article examines the ideas of kingship that were articulated in this text. Mukunda’s fictitious protagonist Kalketu came to represent an ideal king within his narrative. Mukunda’s conception of this ideal king was largely influenced by his personal experiences and aspirations, some of which have been outlined in the first part of this article. The remaining part of this article goes onto claim that the ideal kingship constructed around the figure of Kalketu involved a re-orientation of some of the more conventional norms of kingship; the product being what has been termed by the current author as a ‘pacified kingship’. This pacified kingship ensured that the heroic qualities of valour and martial prowess, so desired as essential in every conception of an ideal king came to be tempered with some of the more ordinary and ‘un-heroic’ qualities within the person of the fictitious Kalketu. This alternative notion of kingship, espoused by Mukunda is also instrumental in exploring some of the varied interactions that went on to constitute the Bengal frontier.
War and the Non-Elite: Towards a People’s History of the Mughal Empire
Authors: Nath Pratyay
Published: June 2022

The historiography of the Mughal Empire has gone through many twists and turns since its inception. Significant shifts in terms of methodologies and arguments notwithstanding, a certain elitism has characterised this body of literature. This is manifested by the tendency of most historians to conceptualise the career of the empire primarily in terms of elite action. This elitism has kept the contributions of non-elite groups to the making of the empire fairly obscured. Problematising this lopsided historical understanding, the present article offers a people’s history of the empire by focusing on the domain of war as a case study. It explores the role of two non-elite groups in Mughal military campaigns. These are the common infantry and the logistical workforce. The article discusses their tactical importance, social basis, modes of recruitment, pay, and organisation. It argues that taking cognizance of the contributions of these groups to the processes of war-making and territorial expansion helps us challenge the view of the Mughal Empire being primarily an elite enterprise. It enables us see the broad-based, inclusive, and collaborative nature of Mughal state-formation and empire-building.
Book review: Irfan Habib and Tarapada Mukherjee, Braj Bhūm in Mughal Times: The State, Peasants and Gosā’ins
Authors: Mukhia Harbans
Published: June 2022

Irfan Habib and Tarapada Mukherjee, Braj Bhūm in Mughal Times: The State, Peasants and Gosā’ins. New Delhi: Primus Books, 2020, pp. xii + 286. ISBN: 978-93-89850-22-2.
Book review: Adriano Prosperi, Crime and Forgiveness: Christianizing Execution in Medieval Europe
Authors: Pennington Ken
Published: June 2022

Adriano Prosperi, Crime and Forgiveness: Christianizing Execution in Medieval Europe. Translated by Jeremy Carden. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020, pp. xiii + 621, ISBN: 9780674240261.
A Hidden Plague: Violence and Public Health in Colonial Guatemala City
Authors: Sellers-García Sylvia
Published: June 2022

How do colonial scribal practices and archival practices shape our understanding of the past? Logbooks from the San Juan de Dios Hospital in colonial Guatemala showcase both the potential and the constraints of scribal interventions. A Hidden Plague examines the logbooks alongside contemporary criminal cases to demonstrate how individual scribes chose to conceal or reveal information in their official writings. This method challenges the contention by past scholarship that epidemic disease was the greatest health threat to women in the city of Guatemala. While epidemics did indeed affect women, reading the logbooks in new ways reveals the presence of a hidden epidemic: domestic violence.
Readjusting unemployment protection in Europe: how crises reshape varieties of labour market regimes
Authors: Ebbinghaus Bernhard , Weishaupt J. Timo
Published: June 2022

The labour movement has long fought for the social protection of unemployed workers as a major social right in capitalist economies across Europe. Employers, on the other hand, have often been reluctant to accept such intervention in the labour market. Hence, scholars explaining differences in the evolution of unemployment benefit systems need to consider the power distribution of labour relations, the context of the welfare state and the variety of capitalism in which they are embedded. This article makes three contributions. First, it offers a heuristic that systematically identifies the analytical affinities between unemployment protection and its institutional context. Second, it offers a succinct overview with a focus on major crises and subsequent adaptations in labour market regimes, ranging from the oil shocks in the 1970s to the Great Recession and the current COVID-19 pandemic. And third, it discusses whether European economies have adjusted their unemployment protection to recent crises and assesses the effects on labour market regimes.
Perioperative Pain Management After Primary Palate Repair: A 3-Surgeon Retrospective Study
Authors: Ganske Ingrid M. , Langa Olivia C. , Cappitelli Alex T. , Nuzzi Laura C. , Staffa Steven J. , DiTullio Nancy , Fullerton Zoe , Alrayashi Walid , Meara John G. , Rogers-Vizena Carolyn R.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Pain management strategies following palatoplasty vary substantially. Despite efforts to reduce narcotic utilization, specific analgesic regimens are typically guided by surgeon preference. Our aim was to define analgesic variables that affect postoperative narcotic use and time to resumption of oral intake.

Design

This is a retrospective review from 2015 to 2018.

Patients

Nonsyndromic patients undergoing primary palate repair.

Main Outcomes Measures

Analgesic variables included: local anesthetic, pterygopalatine ganglion nerve block, palatal pack, and postoperative use of ketorolac, dexamethasone, and nursing-controlled analgesia (NCA) opioid dosing. Proxy measures for pain included time to resumption of oral intake and morphine equivalence (mg/kg/h) administered.

Results

Veau phenotypes for the 111 patients included were: I (28%), II (19%), III (33%), IV (16%), and submucous (4%). Age, weight, local anesthetic, and postoperative use of ketorolac, dexamethasone, and palatal pack had no effect on either proxy measure ( P > .05). Postoperative narcotic usage was significantly lower in patients who had an intraoperative suprazygomatic peripheral nerve block and significantly higher when NCA was utilized ( P < .05). Neither variable had a significant impact on time to resumption of oral intake ( P > .05).

Conclusion

Several perioperative analgesic strategies lead to comparable postoperative consumption of narcotic and time to resume oral intake. The authors advise careful consideration of NCA due to the potential for increased narcotic utilization that we found in our institution. Based on our promising findings, further studies are warranted to assess risks, benefits, and costs of performing peripheral nerve blocks at the time of palatoplasty.
Differences in Practice in Alveolar Bone Grafting Among American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association Members
Authors: Zielinski Eric , Santiago Chiara N. , Santiago Gaia S. , Zelko Ian , Hlavin Robert , Choudhary Akriti , Purnell Chad A.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine areas of agreement and disagreement among American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA)members in the clinical practice of alveolar bone grafting (ABG), to guide further research to optimize ABG practices.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted.

The respondents were in an academic, combination, or private practice.

The respondents were either plastic or oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) from various countries.

A de-identified 24-question online survey was distributed to ACPA surgeon members utilizing the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tool.

Data collected included surgeon specialty, use of various alveolar bone graft surgical techniques, as well as protocols.

There was more variability than consensus between specialties with regards to the preoperative workup, timing of surgery, materials used for bone graft, surgical techniques, perioperative management, and postoperative evaluation. There was consensus on grafting during mixed dentition, not staging soft and hard tissue closure, and using iliac crest for primary and secondary grafting. Disagreements involved factors used to time the procedure and type of imaging used to assess viability. Technical differences involved incision type, part of bone grafted, use of minimally invasive technique, and material used for revisions.

Aside from areas of consensus among surgeons on ABG, several areas, including use of bone substitutes in revision grafting, incision and type of iliac crest graft used during initial grafting, and postoperative protocols, had no consensus. These areas should be targets of further research to determine if there truly is an optimal method to perform ABG.

The study was approved by the University of Illinois at Chicago Institutional Review Board. A de-identified 24-question online survey was distributed to surgeon members of the ACPA utilizing the REDCap tool on August 7, 2020. The survey questions consisted of multiple choice and multiple selection questions including an option to select “other” and specify the information in a blank space. Data collected included surgeon specialty, use of various alveolar bone graft surgical techniques, as well as pre and postoperative protocols. The full survey is included in online Supplemental material. Data analysis was performed in SPSS Statistics 27 (IBM Corp.). Descriptive statistics were performed, and chi-square was used to test for significant differences in survey responses between groups.
American Indian and Alaska Native Accessibility to Comprehensive Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment
Authors: Wolfswinkel Erik M. , Howell Anna C. , MacDonald Beau , Wilson John P. , Howell Lori K.
Published: June 2022

American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) have the highest incidence of cleft lip and palate (orofacial clefts [OFCs]) when compared to other ethnic groups. We aim to determine the AI/AN populations’ proximity and accessibility to American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association accredited centers (ACPA centers) for treatment of OFCs. Our hypothesis is an unacceptable proportion of the AI/AN population lacks reasonable accessibility to ACPA centers and comprehensive craniofacial care.

A cross-sectional study of ACPA centers and AI/AN populations were analyzed for possible disparities.

ACPA centers were mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and compared with 2018 census population data and 2017 Tribal Census Tract data to visually display possible disparities. Total annual potential pediatric cleft care need for selected high-density AI/AN populated lands were estimated.

GIS mapping demonstrates geographical isolation of AI/AN populations from ACPA centers. Two states with high AI/AN populated lands (ND, WY) have no ACPA centers. 47.1% of ACPA centers in high AI/AN populated lands have no craniofacial trained surgeons versus 78.9% craniofacial staffed ACPA centers nationally. The potential unmet cleft and craniofacial care need in selected high-density AI/AN populated lands is 1042 children.

AI/AN populations are likely underserved by ACPA centers and by craniofacial fellowship-trained staffed centers. Not addressing OFCs with comprehensive care can lead to worsened outcomes and further marginalization of these children. With future studies, we will be capable of making data-driven, informed decisions to more effectively ensure AI/AN access to comprehensive cleft and craniofacial care.
Comparison of Cleft Lip Nasal Deformities Between Lesser-Form and Incomplete Cleft Lips: Implication for Primary Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Hong Dae Won , Oh Tae-Suk
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study investigated various manifestations of nasal deformities in lesser-form cleft lips, including the minor-form, microform, and mini-microform, by photogrammetric comparison with incomplete cleft lips.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Tertiary university-affiliated hospital.

Participants

A total of 160 patients with unrepaired unilateral incomplete cleft lips ranging from lesser-form to two-thirds way clefts.

Main Outcome Measures

The severity of nasal deformities was assessed by photogrammetric measurements of linear and angular variables. The symmetry ratio between the cleft and non-cleft sides was obtained by measuring various nasal parameters and comparing them among the different labial cleft groups.

Results

The degree of nasal deformities increased with the extent of labial clefts among the 3 labial cleft groups (lesser-form, halfway, and two-thirds way clefts) in terms of alar base width ratio (1.102, 1.197, 1.309; P < .05), nostril width ratio (1.287, 1.387, 1.551; P < .05), and columellar angle (11.5, 14.45, 18.197; P < .05). Each parameter indicated lesser-form, halfway, and two-thirds way clefts, respectively. However, only the lateral lip height ratio (0.942, 0.851, 0.87; P < .05) and nostril width ratio (1.207, 1.35, 1.29; P < .05) significantly differed among the 3 subgroups. Each parameter indicated mini-microform, microform, and minor-form, respectively.

Conclusions

The cleft nasal deformities in lesser-form cleft lip present comparable severities among its subtypes, which implies that the extent of the labial cleft is not correlated with nasal deformities. Each nose in the lesser form cleft should be individually assessed for primary rhinoplasty and requires tailored correction.
Business Goal Difficulty and Socially Irresponsible Executive Behavior: The Mediating Role of Focalism
Authors: Veetikazhi Ramachandran , Kamalanabhan T. J. , Noval Laura J. , Jaiswal Akanksha , Mueller Andreas
Published: June 2022

Executive social irresponsibility has received increasing research attention in recent years, following the consensus for a broader stakeholder approach to managerial decision making. Despite the importance of the subject, there remains insufficient research on contextual factors that mold executives’ orientation toward social responsibility. Through three studies, we demonstrate that difficult business goals can reduce executives’ tendency to consider social responsibility in their decision making. Further, we find that focalism—a cognitive bias based on affective forecasting theory—can mediate positive relationships between business goal difficulty and socially irresponsible executive behavior. Our findings also suggest that, expanding executives’ thought processes beyond the narrow focus of a business goal achievement can be a good strategy in reducing socially irresponsible executive behavior, even in the presence of difficult goals.
From integrative biology to the nerve impulse: Rethinking neural information and semiotics in functional systems perspective
Authors: Kurismaa Andres
Published: June 2022

Received concepts of neural activity, building on the technical concepts of information processing and coding, do not formulate the problems that an organism must formulate in order to cope with its environment. Specifically, this includes the problems of self-maintenance and adaptation, and how such activities are to be monitored and corrected in case of their (anticipated) deviation from viable norms. In this paper, it is shown how the functional systems theory of P. K. Anokhin formulated key notions of adaptive control, self-monitoring, and self-detectable (“system-detectable”) error that directly anticipate current debates on neural information and representation, and allow to reframe these debates in new empirical and theoretical perspectives. In addition to showing this on the basis of early (less known and untranslated) works, we analyze how functional systems pose new questions for current research. Specifically, recent discoveries in integrative and cellular neuroscience regarding the biophysical limits of signal summation in neural cells directly confirm Anokhin’s analysis of the integrative activities of the neuron. These findings may have wide implications, and call for new and biologically more specific models of the integrative and semiotic closure of nervous activity, in line with the systemic closure of the organismic functions in which they participate.
Experiences of Parents of Adult Survivors’ Disclosures of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Sparks Cheryl B. , Stoppa Tara M.
Published: June 2022

To date, no empirical studies have examined the experiences of parents of adult children disclosing previous childhood sexual abuse (CSA), an often-overlooked population potentially in need of support and clinical care. To explore the experiences of parents of adult-disclosing CSA survivors, we conducted semi-structured interviews with four parents of two adult sons who disclosed a history of having been previously sexually abused in childhood by a common perpetrator. Using a narrative analysis approach, the qualitative data revealed several important themes elucidating parents’ experiences of the disclosures and related emotional and cognitive effects. Findings from this study suggest that parents of adult-disclosing CSA survivors may experience significant psychological impacts, including symptoms of secondary traumatization, and point to the potential need for supportive care for other members of the family system.
Experiences of Licensed Counselors and Other Licensed Mental Health Providers Working with Neurodiverse Adults: An Instrumental Case Study
Authors: Mitran Carrie Leigh
Published: June 2022

In order to enhance access to treatment and outcomes, it is imperative that counselors and therapists be aware of and confident in adapting their techniques in line with the needs of neurodiverse individuals. Specifically, an understanding of the current experience and confidence in working with neurodiverse individuals on the part of licensed counselors is a crucial starting point in the path towards ensuring these individuals receive proper socio-psychological help and appropriate and competent services. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the experiences of licensed counselors and other licensed mental health providers who work with neurodiverse adults. Many neurodiverse individuals never receive therapy due to the lack of trained professionals and limited training in professional counseling and other mental health support services specific to neurodiverse adult relationships. Findings from an instrumental case study to investigate experiential data derived from individual open-ended interviews with licensed counselors and other licensed mental health providers are presented herein.
Development of a Three-Dimensional Measure of the Calling Work Orientation: Assessing Craftsmanship, Kinship, and Serving
Authors: Sawhney Gargi , Britt Thomas W. , Black Kristen J. , Wilson Chloe
Published: June 2022

Although conceptualized as a multidimensional construct, the majority of measures of calling are unidimensional. In order to further expand the operationalization of calling, this study developed and validated a measure of the three dimensions of calling, namely, craftsmanship, kinship, and serving using three separate samples. Using a sample of 85 undergraduate students, the pilot study established content validity for the three dimensions of calling. Study 1 aimed to refine the developed measure while assessing its dimensionality across 379 participants from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Furthermore, Study 2 provided evidence of construct and criterion-related validity, as well as test-retest reliability over a period of 3 months across 301 MTurk participants. Recommendations for future research utilizing the more focused dimensions of calling are discussed.
Midterm Outcomes of Sliding Distal Metatarsal Minimally Invasive Osteotomy to Treat Bunionette Deformity
Authors: Del Vecchio Jorge Javier , Ghioldi Mauricio Esteban , Dealbera Eric Daniel , Chemes Lucas Nicolás , Abdelatif Nasef Mohamed N. , Dalmau-Pastor Miki
Published: June 2022

Background:

Bunionette deformity is described as a painful bony prominence on the lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsal head. The present study prospectively assessed the clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of sliding distal metatarsal minimally invasive osteotomy (S-DMMO) used in a large series of patients with a midterm follow-up period.

Methods:

From December 2015 to December 2018, we evaluated 74 feet (57 patients). Radiologic (4-to-5 intermetatarsal angle, fifth metatarsophalangeal angle, the fifth metatarsal head width, lateral deviation angle, fifth metatarsal length, medial displacement, and elevation), clinician-reported scores (AOFAS score, visual analog scale [VAS]) and patient-reported outcomes measure (Foot and Ankle Ability Measure [FAAM] activities of daily living [ADL], FAAM sports, Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire [MOXFQ], and patient satisfaction survey) were included in the analysis. The time to bone union was also assessed.

Results:

The average 4-to-5 intermetatarsal angle improved from 11.1 degrees preoperatively to 4.5 degrees postoperatively ( P < .001), whereas the average fifth metatarsophalangeal angle improved from 15.7 degrees preoperatively to 4.8 degrees postoperatively ( P < .001). The lateral deviation angle was found to be 2.2 degrees. The fifth metatarsal length decreased from 66.6 to 64.3 mm postoperatively. The average initial medial displacement was 4.67 mm preoperatively and 4.54 mm at final follow-up. The elevation of the fifth metatarsal head was 1.08 mm. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score improved from 54.3 ± 20.86 points preoperatively to 93.4 ± 17.3 ( P < .001). VAS score decreased from 7.9 to 0.7 ( P < .001). Also, FAAM ALD, FAAM Sport, and MOXFQ showed statistically significant differences ( P < .001) between preoperative and postoperative periods. Patients found the procedure excellent in 89.1% of cases, very good in 5.4%, and good in 5.4%. Bone union was obtained at 8.1 weeks.

Conclusion:

The most important finding of the present study is that S-DMMO showed improvement in function and pain associated with a high satisfaction rate. Also, we found substantial capacity to correct deformities and a low incidence of complications.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Perioperative Impact of Early Limited Surgical Intervention to Treat Pilon Fractures
Authors: Hreha Jeremy , Metrione Michael D. , Reilly Mark C. , Sirkin Michael S. , Adams Mark R.
Published: June 2022

Background:

The operative treatment of pilon fractures is classically treated with a staged protocol with ankle spanning external fixator, followed by definitive open reduction and internal fixation in order to decrease risk of soft tissue complications and infection. However, treatment of pilon fractures with patrial tibial fixation in addition to ankle spanning external fixation at the time of index procedure may facilitate final fixation while avoiding complications that were associated with acute definitive fixation.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort series of 113 patients treated for pilon fractures from September 2012 to November 2018 at a single level 1 trauma center. Charts were reviewed to compare patients who underwent traditional management with a staged protocol and those who had a limited tibial reduction and fixation (LTRF) during the index procedure. The main outcome measurement was time to definitive fixation.

Results:

Twenty-six percent of patients (29 of 113) had limited tibial reduction and fixation (LTRF) during index surgery. Mean time between index procedure and definitive ORIF was 4.75 days less for LTRF cohort compared to standard stage cohort (10.86 ± 7.44 vs. 15.61 ± 8.59 days, P = .009). The index procedure took on average 51 minutes longer in the LTRF cohort ( P < .001), yet definitive procedure operative time was decreased by an average of 98 minutes ( P < .001), and overall (index plus definitive) operative duration was shortened by an average of 50 minutes ( P = .044). There was no difference in rate of infection between LTRF (3.1%) and traditional treatment (2.5%) ( P = .86) or reduction quality ( P = .270). There were no nonunions in either treatment group.

Conclusion:

Patients who had LTRF had quicker time to definitive ORIF and decreased operative time for definitive ORIF. There was no difference in infection rate, reduction quality, or nonunion rate between groups.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, Retrospective Cohort Study.
Preoperative Risk Factors for Primary Metatarsophalangeal Arthroplasty Revision to MTP Arthrodesis for Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Althoff Alyssa D. , Ramamurti Pradip , Vennitti Corinne , Kamalapathy Pramod , Park Joseph S. , Werner Brian C. , Cooper Minton T.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Revision or conversion to arthrodesis following metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthroplasty are salvage procedures to manage complications of MTP joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to use a national administrative database to characterize nationwide trends of patients undergoing hallux MTP arthrodesis vs arthroplasty for hallux rigidus. Additionally, the authors sought to evaluate demographic trends and evaluate influence of patient-related risk factors in those undergoing MTP arthroplasty revision to arthrodesis.

Methods:

Patients who underwent MTP arthroplasty for diagnosis of hallux rigidus from 2010 to 2019 were identified in the Mariner subset of the PearlDiver database. Patients were included if they had undergone MTP arthroplasty for the diagnosis of hallux rigidus. Notably, the database lacks resolution about critical features of the arthroplasty design and materials. The revision cohort encompassed patients who underwent subsequent ipsilateral MTP arthrodesis or arthroplasty within 2 years of index arthroplasty procedure. Demographic characteristics and medical comorbidities were examined as potential patient-related risk factors for arthroplasty revision or revision to fusion. Univariate analyses were performed to analyze differences in patient demographics, comorbidities, and risk factors. A multivariate regression analysis was subsequently conducted to control for confounding variables.

Results:

2750 patients underwent primary MTP arthroplasty for diagnosis of hallux rigidus. Of these, 44 (1.6%) underwent revision arthroplasty and 188 patients (6.8%) were revised to arthrodesis within the first 2 years after the index procedure. Multivariate regression analysis indicates that obesity (odds ratio [OR] 1.48, 95% CI 1.05-2.09), depression (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.15-2.20), and steroid use (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.30-6.65) were associated with a statistically significant increase in revision to arthrodesis from primary arthroplasty.

Conclusion:

Revision arthrodesis following primary MTP arthroplasty for hallux rigidus within 2 years was found to be a relatively common occurrence in this national insurance database study. Risk factors for revision arthroplasty to arthrodesis within 2 years of primary arthroplasty include obesity, depression, and steroid use.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case-control study.
Internal Validation of a Risk Scoring System for Venous Thromboembolism After Total hip or Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Akamine Akihiko , Takahira Naonobu , Kuroiwa Masayuki , Tomizawa Atsushi , Atsuda Koichiro
Published: June 2022

We developed a computerized clinical decision support system (CCDSS) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment. We aimed to demonstrate its relevance and evaluate associations between risk level and VTE incidence in patients undergoing total hip/knee arthroplasty. In this case-control study, VTE was confirmed using ultrasonography/computed tomography angiography in 1098 adults at a tertiary care hospital over five years (2013-2018). Postoperative VTE incidence was classified into three risk levels (moderate, high, and highest). The overall VTE incidence was 11.7%, which increased with a risk level of 0%, 5.8%, and 12.8% in moderate-risk, high-risk, and highest-risk patients, respectively. Highest-risk patients were significantly more likely to develop VTE than high-risk patients (odds ratio [OR] 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-5.5; p = 0.01). VTE development was more likely in patients with risk scores ≥4 relative to those with risk scores of 2–3 (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2-2.7; p = 0.003) and −1 to 1 (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.6-7.7; p < 0.001). This study indicates that risk level and VTE incidence are associated; our scoring system appears useful for patients undergoing total hip/knee arthroplasty.
Relational and Aesthetic Accountability: Considerations of a Research-Based Playwright
Authors: Gray Julia
Published: June 2022

Research-based Theater (RbT) is shaped by both the form of theater, as an embodied, gestural, spatial, imaginative multi-dimensional art form, and traditions of research surrounding knowledge production, specifically qualitative research. When ethical tensions and questions arise in RbT they are often framed as a dichotomy, such as the ways aesthetic or artistic interests of creating a compelling piece of theater for audiences contrast with responsibilities to research. By drawing on the frame of an aesthetic of relationality, and an example from my work as an RbT playwright from the project Cracked: new light on dementia, I consider the ways both theater and research might be more clearly aligned. This includes how relational and aesthetic accountabilities can offer an important foundation for considering how RbT might be rooted in caring practices and might influence theater-making and the traditions of scientific research more broadly.
How Local Contexts Matter for Local Immigrant Policies
Authors: Khan-Welsh Heather , Reese Laura A. , Reese Teagan J.
Published: June 2022

There is a dearth of studies comparing the relative explanatory power of several major theories related to policy support for immigrants specifically in the context of local policies (as opposed to those at the state and national levels) and related to immigrant settlement and attraction (as opposed to welfare or legal benefits). By testing alternate explanations of local immigration policy, the analysis contributes to the development of theory related to policymaking in this area. Based on a national survey of municipalities across the US there is little evidence that racial threat theory limits local immigrant supportive policies. However, the policy determinants differ by the type of immigrant attraction and support policy examined.
Pentosan polysulfate for the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Hatch Rachel V , Freyer Craig W , Carulli Alison , Luger Selina M , Martin Mary E , McCurdy Shannon R , Porter David L , Loren Alison W
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Hemorrhagic cystitis can commonly occur following an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant and treatment options are currently limited. Pentosan polysulfate, a heparin-like, sulfated polysaccharide, is used to relieve bladder pain and discomfort associated with interstitial cystitis. Initial reports in patients with hemorrhagic cystitis demonstrate that pentosan polysulfate may hasten hemorrhagic cystitis resolution and control symptoms.

Methods and results

This report includes a retrospective case series of six patients who received pentosan polysulfate for the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis following an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. Pentosan polysulfate was initiated at a median of 4.5 days (range: 3–18) following hemorrhagic cystitis onset and continued for a median duration of 17.5 days (range: 7–64). Four patients were tested for BK virus and all were found to have BK viremia and viruria around the time of pentosan polysulfate initiation. The median number of red blood cell transfusions seemed to decrease in the patients initiated on pentosan polysulfate. All patients received a multi-agent treatment regimen, which included pentosan polysulfate, and half the patients had symptom resolution. The median time to symptom resolution from pentosan polysulfate initiation was 9 days (range: 7–10).

Conclusion

Pentosan polysulfate was well-tolerated and seemed to assist with symptom resolution. Future studies are needed to confirm the impact of pentosan polysulfate on the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis.
The Psychology of Personalization in Digital Environments: From Motivation to Well-Being – A Theoretical Integration
Authors: Hutmacher Fabian , Appel Markus
Published: June 2022

The personalization of digital environments is becoming ubiquitous due to the rise of AI-based algorithms and recommender systems. Arguably, this technological development has far-reaching consequences for individuals and societies alike. In this article, we propose a psychological model of the effects of personalization in digital environments, which connects personalization with motivational tendencies, psychological needs, and well-being. Based on the model, we review studies from three areas of application—news feeds and websites, music streaming, and online dating—to explain both the positive and the negative effects of personalization on individuals. We conclude that personalization can lead to desirable outcomes such as reducing choice overload. However, personalized digital environments without transparency and without the option for users to play an active role in the personalization process potentially pose a danger to human well-being. Design recommendations as well as avenues for future research that follow from these conclusions are being discussed.
Selecting repertoire for music teaching: Findings from Norwegian schools of music and arts
Authors: Nielsen Siw Graabræk , Jordhus-Lier Anne , Karlsen Sidsel
Published: June 2022

In 1997, Norway became the first country to make statutory provision for schools of music and arts requiring every municipality to run such a school. Based on an explicit vision of “schools of music and arts for everyone,” the aim is to provide music education for all children, regardless of social and economic background. Despite their statutory status, there are no official documents regulating the teaching content. The schools have an advisory curriculum framework, but as this framework barely mentions musical genres, teachers are free to choose content and modes of instruction. In this article, we address the following research questions: What kinds of music are used as teaching content in the schools of music and arts? Who, and what, decide which music is used? We report the findings from a survey of music teachers ( N = 151) working in schools of music and arts that were selected using a quota sampling strategy. The survey questionnaire comprised both structured and open-ended questions. We found that while the teaching content encompasses a wide range of musical genres and styles, various styles of popular music predominate. Moreover, the teachers’ own choice of music was altogether the most prominent option, along with other categories involving teacher-led decisions. Our findings also suggest that the teachers’ own preferences and taste in music had a certain impact on the content used. However, the students’ and teachers’ influence on the teaching content seems to vary with the musical style/genre being taught. Students’ preferences were emphasized to a higher degree when teaching popular music, while the teachers decided what music to play more often when teaching art music/classical music. The findings are discussed against Kallio’s ideas of the school censorship frame, and the authors argue that the wider cultural-musical heritage seems to be a strong force when making decisions about teaching content.
Challenging anti-Western historical myths in populist discourse: re-visiting Ottoman Empire–Europe interaction during the 19th century
Authors: Aydın-Düzgit Senem , Rumelili Bahar , Topal Alp Eren
Published: June 2022

In this article, we conceptualize and demonstrate how historical International Relations (IR) can be employed to critically engage with the populist uses of history at present. In this endeavour, we focus on myths as analytical nodal points. We revisit the rich interdisciplinary literature on myths to conceptually connect historical research that unsettles myths with political critiques of myths in terms of their naturalizing effects at present. We also expand the critical agenda of historical IR research into targeting the prevalent historical myths of Self and Other that are employed to promote antagonism in contemporary politics. We illustrate the potential that historical IR research holds in illuminating and debunking the contemporary populist uses of history through the case of the relations between Europe and the Ottoman Empire and its relationship with present-day anti-Western populism in Turkey. Via the notion of myth, we combine a critical discourse analysis of the ample historical references in Erdoğan’s populist discourse with original historical analysis of the varied interactions between the Ottoman Empire and European states in the period invoked in those references. In doing so, we shed light on the relatively neglected Tanzimat (1839–1877) period in Euro-Ottoman history by drawing on pioneering secondary literature as well as our own analysis of primary sources. We demonstrate how the developments of this period debunk the myths of ‘Eternal Antagonism’ and ‘Europe the Protagonist’ and how they can inform less antagonistic Self/Other relations that are conducive to a more cosmopolitan co-existence in contemporary Turkey–Europe relations.
Growth mindset in young people awaiting treatment in a paediatric mental health service: A mixed methods pilot of a digital single-session intervention
Authors: Ching Brian CF , Bennett Sophie D , Morant Nicola , Heyman Isobel , Schleider Jessica L , Fifield Kate , Allen Sophie , Shafran Roz
Published: June 2022

Background

Wait times are significant in child mental health services but may offer opportunity to promote growth mindsets in young people with physical and mental health needs. A digital growth mindset single-session intervention is effective in young people, but its use in paediatric settings has not been examined. This mixed methods pilot aimed to assess the intervention’s feasibility, acceptability, and impact in this population.

Method

Patients aged 8–18 on waiting lists in a paediatric hospital’s specialist mental health service were offered the intervention remotely. Treatment completion and retention rates, symptoms of depression and anxiety, perceived control, and personality mindset were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-ups. Semi-structured interviews to explore the intervention’s acceptability were conducted post-treatment.

Results

Twenty-five patients completed the intervention and 17 patients and three carers/parents were interviewed. Outcomes showed small to large improvements across time-points. Most patients reported finding the intervention enjoyable, accessible, and instilled a hope for change. They valued elements of the intervention but made suggestions for improvement.

Conclusions

The digital growth mindset single-session intervention is feasible, acceptable, and potentially beneficial for young people with physical and mental health needs on waiting lists. Further research is warranted to examine its effectiveness and mechanism of change.
The effects of age and experience with input in the acquisition of clitic climbing in heritage and L2 Spanish
Authors: Martín Gómez Antonio
Published: June 2022

Aims and objectives:

This study examines the role of age of first exposure and experience with input in the syntax of English–Spanish bilinguals. More specifically, I examine the production of clitic climbing constructions in Spanish (e.g., lo quiero ver “[I] want to see it” [Kayne; Rizzi]).

Design/methodology:

I compare two experimental groups of heritage speakers of Spanish ( n = 16) and L2 Spanish learners ( n = 17) from the United States (matched in proficiency) against a group of native Spanish speakers from Mexico ( n = 20). A sentence completion task was employed to elicit proclitic sentences across four verbal conditions: two in which clitic climbing is possible but with a higher or lower probability of occurrence, and two in which proclitic placement is agrammatical.

Data and analysis:

Results show a strong tendency to avoid clitic climbing constructions across all testing conditions. Two logistic regression analyses report no differences across all groups, who only favored the proclisis in highly grammaticalized verbs; proficiency among the experimental groups was a predictor in the production of these sentences.

Findings/conclusions:

A different time of onset of first exposure to the second language and a different experience with linguistic input (heritage language acquisition vs L2 acquisition) do not appear to affect the production of complex proclitic sentences in Spanish.

Originality:

Previous studies have employed a few selected periphrastic conditions to elicit clitic climbing constructions among English–Spanish bilinguals. This study further expands the range of verbal matrices employed in the four testing conditions and uses a more controlled testing environment.

Significance:

This study adds adult bilingual data to the ongoing debate on whether an early exposure to the second language results in advantages in the morphosyntactic domain.
How organizational leadership and boundary spanners drive the transformation process of a local news media organization
Authors: Keij Lotte , van Kranenburg Hans
Published: June 2022

Local news media organizations should not only focus on restructuring, but also on revitalization to maintain their vital function in local communities. Although organizational leaders do understand the need for a transformation, they do not always succeed in making the organizational transformation. Drawing on the literature of boundary spanning in combination with the organizational literature on leadership, this study aims to understand how organizational leaders can foster the organizational transformation. This study examines to what extent organizational leaders can empower and facilitate boundary spanners to overcome the institutional boundaries in the transformation process of a local news media organization. Evidence comes from in-dept interviews with journalists, non-journalists and managers from a regional news media organization in transformation in the Netherlands. Our findings show that the effectiveness of boundary spanners depends on how organizational leaders set organizational goals and organize the reward system. Furthermore, nominated boundary spanners with a coaching logic are more effective than spanners with an authoritarian logic to transform a hierarchical organization into an agile network organization. Another finding is that the introduced scrum methodology to improve organizational agility and innovativeness only works effectively with diverse teams.
A systematic and critical review of restaurants’ business performance: Future directions for theory and practice
Authors: Elkhwesky Zakaria , Castañeda-García José-Alberto , Abuelhassan Abuelhassan Elshazly , Tag-Eldeen Ashraf
Published: June 2022

In contrast to prior reviews, this study provides a review of research contexts, research designs, and theories used in restaurants’ business performance research. It also identifies measures and antecedents of restaurants’ business performance. Additionally, this systematic review highlights gaps for future research on restaurants’ business performance. A total of 148 articles were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database (1997 till February 2021) and then 33 articles were identified as eligible for the final analysis. Based on reviewing findings, this article proposes some intriguing research questions and contributes actionable results for practice. This research ends with a framework that draws the findings concurrently to apprise future theoretical and empirical advances in the area.
Minding the gap: Attempts at community archaeology and local counter-narratives at an archaeological site in Turkey
Authors: Baltalı Tırpan Sevil
Published: June 2022

Community archaeologies should emerge from an awareness of the ways in which archaeological praxis is embedded with multiple pasts, subjectivities, materialities, and national and transnational histories. This longitudinal archaeological ethnography explores the lived experiences, perceptions of the past, and relationship to archaeology and archaeologists amongst villagers residing near the Kerkenes site in Turkey after attempts by the project to develop heritage awareness, a sustainable local economy, and collaborative management of the site within the community. However well-intentioned, considerable challenges to closing the gap in understanding between archaeologists and locals can arise when the efforts of archaeologists become entangled in larger socio-political frameworks beyond their control. Villagers have experienced being dehumanized as Muslim migrant workers in Europe and were Islamic-based nationalist supporters of the conservative Erdoğan regime. The archaeologists’ heritage-making practices inadvertently triggered symbolic associations of the project with the colonial endeavor. Locals produced counter-narratives about the site as a decolonizing response.
A progressive decomposing and double screening strategy of VMD for weak fault extraction of hoisting machinery
Authors: Li Yang , Zou Lei , Lee Chi-Guhn , Xu Feiyun
Published: June 2022

To alleviate the difficulty of extracting weak fault features of hoisting machinery, a progressive decomposing and double screening strategy of variational mode decomposition (VMD) is presented in this paper. Firstly, the feasibility and effectiveness of extracting fault modes using progressive decomposition strategy is validated through numerical simulation, and it solves the problem of determining the mode number [Formula: see text] in traditional VMD. Secondly, a new index named energy fluctuation factor (EFF) is proposed. Specifically, EFF is more effective in detecting the signal periodicity compared with the kurtosis and the Shannon entropy (SE), and it is used to optimize the balance parameter [Formula: see text] of VMD. Thirdly, the criterion of double screening based on the kurtosis and the EFF is given to accurately localize and reconstruct the fault modes, and then Hilbert transform is utilized to demodulate the reconstructed mode. Finally, the numerical simulation and experimental and practical engineering applications verify that the proposed method can accurately extract the modes of weak fault and well solve the problem of determining the key parameters (i.e., [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ) of VMD. Furthermore, the superiority of the proposed method is validated by comparing with other fault diagnosis methods.