bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Esophageal Diverticulum Associated With a Trichobezoar in a Cat
Authors: Durocher Lawren , Johnson Susan E. , Green Eric
Published: September 2014

A 9-year-old, castrated male, domestic longhaired cat was evaluated for persistent regurgitation over the previous month. The cat had presented 9 months earlier and was diagnosed with esophageal obstruction secondary to a trichobezoar. The trichobezoar had been removed endoscopically, and the cat was subsequently fed a canned prescription diet. The owners noted only infrequent regurgitation over the following 9 months. After signs recurred, contrast radiography with fluoroscopy revealed an esophageal diverticulum at the thoracic inlet, with an ovoid filling defect. Decreased esophageal motility was noted distal to the diverticulum. Esophagoscopy confirmed the presence of a trichobezoar within an esophageal diverticulum. Following removal of the trichobezoar and therapy to prevent trichobezoar formation, the cat did well for 2 months until it died suddenly with signs of hyperventilation and open-mouth breathing.
Treatment of Evans’ Syndrome With Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Leflunomide in a Diabetic Dog
Authors: Bianco Domenico , Hardy Robert M.
Published: September 2014

An 11-year-old, spayed female miniature schnauzer with diabetes mellitus was presumptively diagnosed with Evans’ syndrome (ES). Because of the potential adverse effects of immunosuppressive doses of glucocorticoids in a diabetic dog, a single infusion of human intravenous immunoglobulin and oral leflunomide were used as first-line immunomodulatory therapy, after informed owner consent was received. This treatment resulted in complete remission of the ES, and leflunomide was discontinued after 10 months of therapy. Over a 19-month follow-up, the dog did not relapse and has remained a well-regulated diabetic.
Successful Treatment of a Metacarpal Trophic Ulcer Utilizing a Neurovascular Island Flap
Authors: Danielson Kelson C. , Kent Marc , Cornell Karen
Published: September 2014

A 4-year-old, neutered male, soft coated wheaten terrier mixed-breed dog was presented for evaluation of a nonhealing ulcer of the metacarpal pad of 10 to 12 weeks’ duration. A diagnosis of an ulnar nerve deficit and secondary trophic ulceration was made. The ulcer was repaired using a neurovascular island flap. Postoperatively, a fiberglass clamshell splint was used to protect the healing flap. The flap healed successfully and developed a highly keratinized epithelium much like a normal footpad.
Successful Surgical Treatment of a Suspected Iatrogenic Arytenoid Cartilage Fracture in a Dog
Authors: Doran Ivan , White Robert N.
Published: September 2014

A 3-year-old, intact female golden retriever was presented with a sudden onset of inspiratory obstructive dyspnea following general anesthesia to perform a mastectomy. The cuneiform process of the left arytenoid cartilage was found to be extremely mobile on laryngeal examination. Fracture of the cuneiform process of the left arytenoid cartilage was diagnosed. A combined cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid caudolateralization procedure was performed on the left side, and no further dyspnea was observed during a follow-up period of 7 months. Fracture of the cuneiform process of the arytenoid cartilage has not been previously reported in dogs. The condition may respond favorably to cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid caudolateralization surgery.
Nonsurgical Treatment of Gastroesophageal Intussusception in a Puppy
Authors: McGill S. E. , Lenard Z. M. , See A. M. , Irwin P. J.
Published: September 2014

A 7-week-old, female Siberian husky was presented to Murdoch University Veterinary Hospital with an acute onset of respiratory distress and regurgitation. Thoracic imaging identified an intraluminal esophageal mass with concurrent aspiration pneumonia. Esophagoscopy identified the mass as stomach, and a diagnosis of gastroesophageal intussusception was made. The intussusception was reduced endoscopically, and fixation of the stomach to the abdominal wall was performed using a tube gastropexy. Gastroesophageal intussusception is an uncommon disease in small animals and traditionally has been managed surgically. This case report describes an alternative method of treatment associated with a good outcome in this puppy.
Dacryops (Lacrimal Cyst) in Three Young Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Ota Juri , Pearce Jacqueline W. , Finn Michael J. , Johnson Gayle C. , Giuliano Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2014

This case series constitutes a report of dacryops in multiple Labrador retrievers and the use of smooth-muscle actin immunostaining to confirm the lacrimal duct origins of the cyst wall. Three Labrador retrievers were presented with a history of a slowly enlarging mass adjacent to the left medial canthus. Ultrasonography of the masses revealed they were each spherical, thin-walled cystic structures. Aspiration cytology was performed in two cases revealing mixed inflammation and absence of detectable microorganisms. Dacryocystorhinography of the left nasolacrimal system performed in two cases revealed a normal nasolacrimal system that was closely associated, but not communicating with, the cystic mass in both cases. Surgical excision of all cysts was curative. Histopathology and positive immunohistochemical staining for smooth-muscle actin confirmed a diagnosis of dacryops in all cases.
Lack of Evidence for Perinatal Transmission of Canine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis From a Bitch to Her Offspring
Authors: Plier Michelle L. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Hegarty Barbara C. , Kidd Linda B.
Published: September 2014

Granulocytic anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease affecting dogs and humans in the United States and other regions of the world. Relatively few cases have been described in pregnant women, and perinatal transmission appears to occur infrequently in humans. Infection in pregnant dogs has not been reported. Diagnosis of infection during pregnancy poses therapeutic challenges, because doxycycline, the treatment of choice, is teratogenic. Also, infection during pregnancy may result in more severe disease. When infection is diagnosed after parturition, knowledge of the risk of perinatal transmission to offspring is important, because prophylactic therapy in neonates is also not without risk. In this report, we describe relatively severe clinical manifestations of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a postpartum bitch and a lack of perinatal transmission to her puppies.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion Associated With Congenital Hydrocephalus in a Dog
Authors: Shiel Robert E. , Pinilla Manuel , Mooney Carmel T.
Published: September 2014

A 13-month-old, male bichon frise was examined for the investigation of intermittent seizures, ataxia, abnormal behavior, polyuria, and polydipsia. At presentation, clinical and neurological examinations were unremarkable with the exception of mild truncal ataxia and a domed skull. Severe hyponatremia and hypoosmolality were identified, and following diagnostic testing a diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) was made. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed changes consistent with severe hydrocephalus. Water restriction resulted in increased serum osmolality and a reduction in severity of clinical signs. The current case report documents SIADH associated with hydrocephalus in a dog. Structural brain disease should be excluded before a diagnosis of idiopathic SIADH is made.
Budd-Chiari-like Syndrome in a Dog Due to Liver Lobe Entrapment Within the Falciform Ligament
Authors: Langs Lisa L.
Published: September 2014

A 13-year-old, spayed female golden retriever was referred for further evaluation of ascites, characterized as a modified transudate, detected after an episode of acute collapse. Prior to referral, the dog was treated for suspected right-sided heart failure and developed ventricular tachycardia. On referral, echocardiography ruled out cardiac causes for the effusion, and following stabilization the dog was taken to surgery for abdominal exploration. Surgery revealed entrapment of the left lateral liver lobe within the falciform ligament. Surgical removal of the entrapped liver lobe and falciform fat resulted in resolution of the Budd-Chiari-like syndrome. No abdominal effusion was seen on follow-up ultrasound examination. This is the first reported case of Budd-Chiari-like syndrome caused by liver lobe entrapment within falciform fat that was successfully corrected with surgery.
Unilateral Hydronephrosis and Partial Ureteral Obstruction by Entrapment in a Granuloma in a Spayed Dog
Authors: Kanazono Shinichi , Aikawa Takeshi , Yoshigae Yuki
Published: September 2014

A 6-year-old, spayed female dog had hydronephrosis and incomplete ureteral occlusion on the left side. An end-to-side ureteral anastomosis was performed. The incomplete ureteral occlusion was determined to be related to an ovarian pedicle granuloma formation and was presumably related to a reaction to the suture material used for ovariohysterectomy (OVH) performed 5 years prior to presentation. Azotemia and hydronephrosis were dramatically improved after surgery, and renal function has been well maintained for 3 years. To the authors’ knowledge, a chronic partial ureteral occlusion associated with an ovarian pedicle granuloma from an OVH has not been reported.
Atlantoaxial Subluxation in Two Dogs With Cervical Block Vertebrae
Authors: Lin Jian-Liang , Coolman Bradley R.
Published: September 2014

Atlantoaxial (AA) subluxation is an uncommon disorder that can cause various degrees of neurological deficits in dogs. Block vertebra is a congenital deformation involving the fusion of two or more vertebrae. This report describes two dogs with cervical block vertebrae from C2 to C5 and C2 to C4, respectively. We hypothesize that the fused cervical vertebrae created a “fulcrum effect” at the AA joint and predisposed these dogs to traumatic AA subluxation.
Transvenous Heartworm Extractionin a Ferret With Caval Syndrome
Authors: Bradbury Christina , Saunders Ashley B. , Heatley J. J. , Gregory Christopher R. , Wilcox Angela L. , Russell Karen E.
Published: September 2014

A 10-month-old ferret was diagnosed with heartworm disease and caval syndrome. Associated clinical signs included weakness and a green-colored urine, identified as biliverdinuria. Despite the animal’s small size, removal of three heartworms via transvenous heartworm extraction was successfully performed. Although at least one female worm remained in the right ventricle, the majority of clinical signs related to the presence of the heartworms resolved. The ferret was subsequently managed medically with corticosteroids and monthly heartworm prevention. This case documents the presence of biliverdinuria associated with caval syndrome and successful transvenous heartworm extraction in a ferret.
Elevated Cardiac Troponin I in a Dog With an Intracranial Meningioma and Evidence of Myocardial Necrosis
Authors: Kent Marc , Reiss Catherine , Blas-Machado Uriel
Published: September 2014

A 10-year-old, spayed female Weimaraner was referred for an acute onset of generalized tremors, seizures, and obtundation. Neurological examination revealed severe obtundation and a right-sided menace response deficit. Neuroanatomical diagnosis was consistent with a left prosencephalic lesion. The serum cardiac troponin I level was high, indicative of acute myocardial necrosis. With magnetic resonance imaging, a mass was observed in the left olfactory bulb and tract, with extensive edema in the white matter of the left cerebrum. The hippocampus was hyperintense on T2-weighted and T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. At necropsy, a meningioma of the left olfactory bulb and ischemic cell change in the neurons of the hippocampus were identified. In the heart, microscopic lesions consistent with myocardial necrosis were observed. This is the first case to document an elevated cardiac troponin I level in a dog with intracranial disease and myocardial necrosis.
Long-Retained Vaginal Foreign Body Causing Chronic Vaginitis in a Bulldog
Authors: Snead Elisabeth C. , Pharr John W. , Ringwood Brendon P. , Beckwith Jennifer
Published: September 2014

A vaginal foreign body consisting of a piece of retained calvarium from a macerated fetus was identified and removed using vaginoscopy in a 4-year-old, spayed female bulldog. The dog had a 12-month history of chronic mucopurulent vaginitis. Vaginal foreign bodies, although uncommon, are a differential diagnosis for recurrent mucopurulent or hemorrhagic chronic vaginal discharge. A case of chronic vaginitis caused by a long-retained intravaginal foreign body in a dog is described and compared to four other canine cases reported in the literature.
Arrhythmias and Elevated Troponin I in a Dog With Steroid-Responsive Meningitis-Arteritis
Authors: Snyder Katherine , Saunders Ashley B. , Levine Jonathan M. , Clubb Fred J.
Published: September 2014

A 10-month-old dog was presented with clinical signs of fever, lethargy, inappetence, and cardiac arrhythmias. Computed tomography scan and cerebrospinal fluid analysis supported the diagnosis of steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis. Echocardiography, electrocardiogram, and elevated serum troponin I supported a diagnosis of myocarditis. The arrhythmias resolved during treatment of the primary neurological disease, and they were considered as secondary to the meningitis.
Multiple Follicular Cysts of the Ear Canal in a Dog
Authors: Gatineau Matthieu , Lussier Bertrand , Alexander Kate
Published: September 2014

An 11-year-old, 18-kg, neutered male standard schnauzer was presented for evaluation of recurrent otitis externa with para-aural swelling and fistulation of the right external ear canal of 6 months’ duration. Otoscopic examination was impossible because of the severe stenosis of the ear canal. Right para-aural ultrasound examination and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of a mass-like lesion were performed. Cytology was suggestive of a follicular cyst. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed severe ear canal stenosis with a heterogeneous mass in the horizontal portion of the ear canal and associated otitis media. Total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was chronic otitis externa associated with multiple follicular cysts confined to the ear canal. Surgical treatment proved curative. This is the first report of multiple follicular cysts originating from the ear canal in a dog.
Phenobarbital-Responsive Sialadenosis Associated With an Esophageal Foreign Body in a Dog
Authors: Gilor Chen , Gilor Shir , Graves Thomas K.
Published: September 2014

A 4-year-old Yorkshire terrier was presented for an esophageal foreign body. After removal of the foreign body, clinical signs of gagging, regurgitation, and vomiting continued unabated for >6 weeks. The dog had enlarged submandibular salivary glands that were histologically normal. Treatment with phenobarbital resulted in a rapid and dramatic resolution of clinical signs. After 3 months, the dog was weaned of phenobarbital and was free of any signs of disease 6 months later.
Surgical Resection of a Mature Teratoma on the Head of a Young Cat
Authors: Van Goethem Bart , Bosmans Tim , Chiers Koen
Published: September 2014

A 4-month-old kitten was presented with a large mass over the temporal area involving the base of the left ear. Cytological evaluation of a fine-needle aspirate was not diagnostic. Computed tomography was used to determine tumor extent. Surgical resection was performed, which included parts of the orbital rim, masticatory muscles, the complete ear canal, and the pinna. Reconstruction of the ocular muscles was performed, and the skin defect was reconstructed using a single pedicle advancement flap. Despite unilateral facial paralysis, postoperative clinical function was excellent and aesthetics were good. Histological examination revealed the tumor to be a teratoma. After a follow-up period of 3 years, no signs of recurrence were evident. Extragonadal teratomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis when young animals are presented with a growing mass located outside the abdominal cavity. Surgical excision of a mature teratoma can be considered curative.
Abdominal Ultrasonographic Findings Associated With Feline Infectious Peritonitis: A Retrospective Review of 16 Cases
Authors: Lewis Kristin M. , O’Brien Robert T.
Published: September 2014

The feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a mutated form of the feline enteric coronavirus (FeCV) that can present with a variety of clinical signs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze abdominal ultrasonographic findings associated with cats with confirmed FIPV infection. Sixteen cases were included in the study from a review of medical records at two academic institutions; inclusion was based either on necropsy lesions (n=13) or a combination of histopathological, cytological, and clinicopathological findings highly suggestive of FIPV infection (n=3). The liver was judged to be normal in echogenicity in 11 (69%) cats, diffusely hypoechoic in three cats, focally hyperechoic in one cat, and focally hypoechoic in one cat. Five cats had a hypoechoic subcapsular rim in one (n=3) or both (n=2) kidneys. Free fluid was present in the peritoneal cavity in seven cats and in the retroperitoneal space in one cat. Abdominal lymphadenopathy was noted in nine cats. The spleen was normal in echogenicity in 14 cats and was hypoechoic in two. One cat had bilateral orchitis with loss of normal testicular architecture. Although none of these ultrasonographic findings are specific for FIPV infection, a combination of these findings should increase the index of suspicion for FIPV infection when considered along with appropriate clinical signs.
Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus in a Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Mitchell Elizabeth B. , Hawkins Michelle G. , Gaffney Patricia M. , MacLeod Alexander G.
Published: September 2014

A 3-year-old, intact female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) was presented for anorexia and abdominal distention of 24 hours’ duration. Radiographs revealed a severely distended stomach, suggestive of severe gastric dilatation or gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Exploratory surgery was recommended, but the owners elected euthanasia. On necropsy, the guinea pig was found to have GDV. No underlying conditions were identified that could have predisposed this guinea pig to the development of GDV.
Proximal Duodenal Perforation in Three Dogs Following Deracoxib Administration
Authors: Case J. Brad , Fick Jennifer L. , Rooney Matthew B.
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and gross pathological findings, treatment, and outcome in three dogs receiving deracoxib that developed proximal duodenal perforation and subsequent septic peritonitis. Clinical findings were acute vomiting and anorexia following initiation of deracoxib therapy. Deracoxib dosages ranged from 2 to 3 mg/kg per os q 24 hours. In each dog, exploratory laparotomy revealed duodenal perforations approximately 1 cm orad to the major duodenal papilla. Two out of three dogs survived following exploratory laparotomy. Two of three dogs in the present case series received the approved deracoxib dosage. Dogs receiving deracoxib, even at labeled dosages, should be monitored judiciously for signs of gastrointestinal disease.
Chylothorax Treated Via Thoracic Duct Ligation and Omentalization
Authors: Stewart Kayla , Padgett Sheldon
Published: September 2014

Chylothorax is an uncommon, potentially life-threatening disease of dogs and cats. Medical records of 12 animals (five dogs and seven cats) undergoing surgical management of chylothorax from 2001 to 2005 were reviewed. All animals received thoracic duct ligation and thoracic omentalization. In some cases, a combination of subtotal pericardectomy and/or pleural stripping was also employed. All animals survived surgery, and none was lost to follow-up. Median survival time for cats was 209 days (range 2 to 1328 days), and for dogs it was 211 days (range 7 to 991 days). Although postoperative mortality was higher than in other recent studies, no complications could be directly attributed to thoracic omentalization. A controlled, prospective study is needed to compare outcomes of this management method to those of other methods.
Use of Propentofylline in Feline Bronchial Disease: Prospective, Randomized, Positive-Controlled Study
Authors: Stursberg Ulrike , Zenker Isabella , Hecht Silke , Hartmann Katrin , Schulz Bianka S.
Published: September 2014

Propentofylline is a methylxanthine derivative with bronchodilating actions similar to those of theophylline. Nineteen cats with bronchial disease were enrolled in this study. All cats received a low dose of prednisolone; 10 of the cats additionally received propentofylline. Propentofylline-treated cats significantly improved in their auscultation scores, respiratory pattern scores, and radiological bronchial markings score over the observation period, and they coughed less and slept less at the end of the study. No significant changes were noted in the control group. This study provides evidence that a combination therapy with prednisolone and propentofylline in cats with bronchial disease might be superior over monotherapy with prednisolone.
Hemorrhagic Pleural Effusion Secondary to an Unusual Type III Hiatal Hernia in a 4-Year-Old Great Dane
Authors: Gordon Lena C. , Friend Edward J. , Hamilton Michael H.
Published: September 2014

An unusual case of combined axial and paraesophageal (type III) hiatal hernia (HH) in a 4-year-old Great Dane is reported. The main presenting complaint was dyspnea, and no history of trauma was present. A tentative diagnosis of HH with secondary pleural effusion was made based on clinical signs and radiographic findings. Exploratory celiotomy revealed herniation of the gastric cardia, fundus, and body through the esophageal hiatus and an adjacent, distinct defect in the diaphragm. Rupture of the short gastric vessels lead to the formation of a hemorrhagic pleural effusion that impaired ventilation. The esophageal hiatus was surgically reduced in size, and the second defect was closed with nonabsorbable sutures. Esophagopexy and tube gastropexy procedures were also performed. The dog was clinically normal 9 months postoperatively. This type of HH is not currently defined within the traditional classification system and to the authors’ knowledge has not been previously reported.
Diaphragmatic Support of a Thoracic Wall Defect in a Dog
Authors: Hall Angela , Dujowich Mauricio , Merkley David F.
Published: September 2014

A large, caudal thoracic mass was removed along with ribs 11 and 12, resulting in an approximate 16 × 14-cm, caudal thoracic wall defect in a dog. The diaphragmatic musculature was mobilized and used to support the thoracic wall defect. To our knowledge, this method of thoracic wall repair has not been previously reported. This procedure allowed for airtight closure of the thoracic cavity, provided physical support, eliminated the need for muscle flaps or commercially available meshes, and provided a good cosmetic appearance without negatively affecting the dog’s athletic performance.
Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosa Augmentation Urethroplasty and Balloon Dilatation of a Urethral Stricture Secondary to Inadvertent Prostatectomy in a Dog
Authors: Powers Michelle Y. , Campbell Bonnie G. , Weisse Chick
Published: September 2014

A 10-month-old, male German shepherd dog experienced inadvertent prostatectomy during cryptorchidectomy. Cystourethral anastomosis was performed 1 day later. The dog developed stranguria and incontinence. A proximal urethral stricture was diagnosed with a contrast urethrogram 5 weeks later. Urethral augmentation with an onlay graft of porcine small intestinal submucosa was performed. Urinary diversion was accomplished with a urethral catheter followed by a cystostomy tube. The stricture recurred over the next 6 weeks. Three urethral balloon dilatations were performed 3 days apart, with the third attempt resulting in expansion of the stricture. Twenty-two months postdilatation, the dog intermittently urinated with a steady stream and had mild to moderate urinary incontinence.
Aortic Body Tumor in Full-Sibling English Bulldogs
Authors: Shaw Traci Elliott , Harkin Kenneth R. , Nietfeld Jerome , Gardner Jared J.
Published: September 2014

A 10-year-old, neutered male English bulldog died acutely from respiratory distress after a short history of progressive dyspnea. Less than 2 months later, a spayed female full sibling of that dog died suddenly during a nail trim. An aortic body tumor was the cause of death in both dogs based on postmortem and histological examinations. A pheochromocytoma was also diagnosed in the neutered male. Neither dog had a history of brachycephalic airway syndrome, and the implication for a genetic predisposition toward the development of paraganglioma is discussed. This is the first case report of aortic body tumors in sibling dogs, although the condition may not be an uncommon phenomenon.
Comparison of the Carbon Dioxide Laser and the Radiofrequency Unit for Feline Onychectomies
Authors: Burns Sara M. , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Rawlings Clarence A. , Cornell Karen K. , Radlinsky MaryAnn G. , Mauck Jeffrey W.
Published: September 2014

This study compared the collateral tissue damage and incisional bridging with granulation tissue via histopathological examination following feline onychectomy performed by radiofrequency (RF) and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. Two cats were euthanized, and their digits were harvested for histopathological evaluation on days 1, 3, and 7 post-onychectomy. Each digit was evaluated for total lesion width, total necrosis width, and degree of edema, hemorrhage, and inflammation. This study found few significant differences in collateral tissue damage between RF and CO2 laser, but more incisional bridging by granulation tissue was noted with RF for feline onychectomies. These results indicate that RF for feline onychectomy is a reasonable alternative to CO2 laser in regard to collateral tissue damage and bridging of the incision by granulation tissue. In addition, RF is not accompanied by the strict safety considerations and initial expense of acquisition of a CO2 laser.
Uhl’s Anomaly in a Domestic Shorthair Cat
Authors: Quintavalla Cecilia , Bossolini Elena , Rubini Giuseppe , Tursi Massimiliano
Published: September 2014

A 2-year-old, neutered male, domestic shorthair cat was presented for investigation of dyspnea and episodic weakness. Clinical and ultrasonographic features were consistent with right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Pathological findings documented Uhl’s anomaly. Although rare, Uhl’s anomaly should be a differential diagnosis for cats with right-sided congestive heart failure. In particular, Uhl’s anomaly could be misdiagnosed as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy due to the similarity of clinical and echocardiographic findings.
Concurrent renal adenocarcinoma and polycythemia in a dog
Authors: Crow SE , Allen DP , Murphy CJ , Culbertson R
Published: September 2014

Concurrent renal adenocarcinoma and polycythemia were diagnosed in a 19-month-old, female Rhodesian ridgeback. An unusually early presentation for this neoplasm, it is the second reported case of renal adenocarcinoma in a dog less than two years of age. Concurrent renal adenocarcinoma and polycythemia have been reported previously in four older dogs. In the dog of this report, clinical signs included brick-red mucous membranes, lethargy, a periodic systolic heart murmur, and engorged retinal vessels. A large retroperitoneal mass and pulmonary metastatic nodules were present at the time of diagnosis. Red blood cell count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin concentration were greatly increased (12,940,000 red blood cells/microliter; 73.2%; and 26.6 g/dl, respectively). Histopathological diagnosis was renal adenocarcinoma. Polycythemia was the result of excessive erythropoietin production by the neoplasm.
Adverse side effects of oral antibacterial therapy in dogs and cats: an epidemiologic study of pet owners' observations
Authors: Kunkle GA , Sundlof S , Keisling K
Published: September 2014

This epidemiologic study surveyed pet owners for observations of adverse reactions to oral antibacterials which were prescribed to outpatients at a university teaching hospital. Multiple questions were asked of all clients whose dog or cat was treated during the 18-month study. The questionnaire was designed prospectively to define those reactions that clearly seemed to be medication related. In this study, owners noted a significant number of adverse side effects with erythromycin stearate administration to dogs. Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine was used most often in dogs but did not result in a substantial number of adverse reactions.
Evaluation of the ICAGEN-Target canine ovulation timing diagnostic test in detecting canine plasma progesterone concentrations
Authors: Manothaiudom K , Johnston SD , Hegstad RL , Hardy SK
Published: September 2014

Accuracy of the ICAGEN-Targeta progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit to measure plasma progesterone was compared to that of radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 166 canine samples. Overall agreement of ICAGEN-Target ELISA and RIA was 85% (141/166). Agreement of ELISA and RIA at high (5 ng/ml or greater), medium (greater than 1 ng/ml, less than 5 ng/ml), and low (0 to 1 ng/ml) plasma progesterone concentrations was 96% (72/75), 73% (19/26), and 77% (50/65), respectively. Use of whole blood resulted in unreliable progesterone concentration results by ELISA when compared to plasma progesterone concentrations measured by RIA (n = 140). Use of this ELISA test kit to determine canine ovulation date should start within three to four days after onset of proestrus and continue every other day until the first detection of medium concentrations (greater than 1 ng/ml, less than 5 ng/ml). Daily plasma testing during the time of transition from medium to high (5 ng/ml or greater) concentrations was essential for determining ovulation date. The second or third day after the first appearance of high plasma progesterone concentrations using this kit should be the day of breeding for optimal reproductive performance.
Primary rib tumors in 54 dogs
Authors: Pirkey-Ehrhart N , Withrow SJ , Straw RC , Ehrhart EJ , Page RL , Hottinger HL , Hahn KA , Morrison WB , Albrecht MR , Hedlund CS , et al.
Published: September 2014

Fifty-four dogs with primary tumors of the rib were evaluated. Thirty-four dogs had osteosarcomas, 15 dogs had chondrosarcomas, three dogs had hemangiosarcomas, and two dogs had fibrosarcomas. Forty-nine dogs had en bloc excision. Within the osteosarcoma group, nine animals received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. These animals had significantly longer median disease-free intervals (225 days) and median survival times (240 days) than dogs with osteosarcoma treated by surgery alone (median disease-free interval, 60 days; median survival, 90 days). Chondrosarcoma had a better prognosis (median disease-free interval, 1,080 days; median survival, 1,080 days) than osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, or fibrosarcoma of the rib. Age, weight, sex, number of ribs resected, tumor volume, and total cisplatin dose did not influence survival nor disease-free interval.
Evaluation of pulse oximeter probes and probe placement in healthy dogs
Authors: Huss BT , Anderson MA , Branson KR , Wagner-Mann CC , Mann FA
Published: September 2014

Placement of two different pulse oximeter probes, a finger (f) probe and a multisite (s) probe, was evaluated in six healthy, anesthetized beagles. Concurrent arterial blood gas values were compared to determine the most consistent (repeatable) and accurate (compared to calculated hemoglobin saturations) pulse oximeter probe and probe placement sites for subsequent use in awake dogs. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation was determined from arterial blood gas analysis (SaO2) and by pulse oximetry (SpO2) at full hemoglobin saturation (mean, 99.5% SaO2) and at moderate desaturation (mean, 92.9% SaO2). Each probe was evaluated with three independent readings at seven different body sites (Achilles, ear, flank, lip, tail, toe, and tongue). Values for SpO2 obtained with the s probe demonstrated a significant correlation with SaO2 values (p = 0.014, R = 0.712) compared to the SpO2 values obtained with the f probe (p = 0.108). The best probe placement sites for the clip-on probes in this study were on the lip and tongue using the s probe; however, the ear, tail, and toe may be acceptable sites in awake dogs using a probe which maintains good contact across these vascular beds.
Lumbosacral transitional vertebra and thoracic limb malformations in a Chihuahua puppy
Authors: Schultz VA , Watson AG
Published: September 2014

A three-month-old, male Chihuahua puppy with congenital absence of the distal 40% of the right thoracic limb was examined. The limb ended as a short, rounded, skin-covered stump. Radiography revealed a 40% shortened humerus tapered to a blunt end without its distal extremity. Dissection of the left thoracic limb identified luxation of the elbow joint and absence of the fourth digital pad. Alizarin-red staining and clearing demonstrated syndactylous fourth and fifth digits in the left thoracic limb and an anomalous eighth lumbar vertebra. This additional vertebra was unilaterally sacralized and constituted a lumbosacral transitional vertebra.
A simplified method for stabilization of flail chest injuries in small animals
Authors: McAnulty JF
Published: September 2014

Two dogs and one cat with flail chest injuries were treated by a new technique of external thoracic wall stabilization using a single circumcostal suture for each affected rib and a splint device. Application of the splint device was quick and required minimal manipulation of the patient. Stabilization of the flail chest resulted in improved respiration in each animal. The splint device was left in place in two of the animals as the sole means of rib fixation. No evidence of infection or other adverse effects were noted with this technique.
Sacral fractures in dogs: a review of 32 cases
Authors: Kuntz CA , Waldron D , Martin RA , Shires PK , Moon M , Shell L
Published: September 2014

Sacral fractures have not been described well in dogs. The records of 32 dogs diagnosed with sacral fractures were evaluated for neurologic deficits at presentation and discharge. Follow-up was in the form of telephone survey or physical examination at recheck. A score was assigned for each dog at presentation, discharge, and follow-up (0 for normal, 1 for minor deficits, and 2 for major deficits). Fractures located lateral to the sacral foramina were called abaxial, and those medial to the sacral foramina were called axial. Axial fractures had significantly more severe deficits at presentation (p = 0.00017) and discharge (p = 0.03063), but not at follow-up. Neurologic status did not improve significantly during hospitalization in either fracture group, but had improved significantly at follow-up.
Subcutaneous administration of desoxycorticosterone pivalate for the treatment of canine hypoadrenocorticism
Authors: McCabe MD , Feldman EC , Lynn RC , Kass PH
Published: September 2014

Twelve dogs with hypoadrenocorticism were treated with subcutaneous desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP). Eight of these dogs were recently diagnosed and had not yet been treated. Four dogs previously had been diagnosed and treated (three with intramuscular DOCP, one with oral fludrocortisone acetate). History, physical examination, serum electrolytes, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were evaluated. Desoxycorticosterone pivalate (2.2 mg/kg body weight) was administered every 25 days. On day 0, recently diagnosed dogs had a median serum sodium concentration of 131.5 mEq/L, median serum potassium concentration of 6.6 mEq/L, and median BUN of 41.5 mg/dl. All subsequent median serum electrolyte and BUN concentrations were normal. All previously treated dogs had normal blood values which were maintained throughout the study.
Hemobartonella felis infection with atypical hematological abnormalities
Authors: VanSteenhouse JL , Taboada J , Dorfman MI
Published: September 2014

Two cases of clinical feline hemobartonellosis with dramatic hematological changes are reported. One cat succumbed to an acute, severe hemolytic anemia accompanied by markedly increased numbers of nucleated erythrocytes. The second cat presented with a remarkably elevated leukocyte count and responded well to treatment with tetracycline. In both instances, the initial hematological data was very unusual for feline hemobartonellosis. These cases further exemplify the greatly variable and sometimes misleading hematological changes seen with Hemobartonella felis infection.
Symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy in dogs: a retrospective analysis of 18 cases (1989-1993)
Authors: Scott DW , Rousselle S , WHJr Miller
Published: September 2014

A unique, symmetrical onychodystrophy is described in 18 dogs. A rather sudden onset of onychomadesis is followed by chronic onychodystrophy affecting all claws. Pain and lameness are recognized in half of the patients, but the dogs are healthy otherwise. Histopathologically, this disorder is characterized by hydropic and lichenoid interface dermatitis. Nine dogs were treated with a commercial, fatty-acid supplement and had good-to-excellent responses. Due to the clinicopathological characteristics of this disorder, the authors propose the name "symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy."
Microphakia associated with lens luxation in the cat
Authors: Molleda JM , Martin E , Ginel PJ , Novales M , Moreno P , Lopez R
Published: September 2014

Congenital defects of the lens are rare in the cat. In this report, two unrelated Siamese kittens, a four-month-old male and a six-month-old female, with microphakia are presented. Abnormally small lenses were associated with elongation and rupture of the ciliary processes, leading to lens subluxations and subsequent anterior luxations. To the authors' knowledge, this condition has been reported only once previously.
Traumatic hemoperitoneum in 28 cases: a retrospective review
Authors: Mongil CM , Drobatz KJ , Hendricks JC
Published: September 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate and describe presenting clinical signs, course, management, and outcome of small animal patients that suffered severe traumatic hemoperitoneum. The medical records of 28 blunt trauma patients diagnosed as having hemoperitoneum and requiring the transfusion of blood products for stabilization were analyzed. The survival rate was 16/28 (57%). Six patients died from natural causes, and six patients were euthanized. Euthanized patients were not considered for the analysis of outcome. The survival rates for six animals that had surgical intervention and 16 animals that were treated medically were 67% and 75%, respectively. Statistically, larger animals had a better prognosis (p less than 0.05, unpaired t-test) for survival. Presenting clinical signs, packed cell volume (PCV), peripheral pulse rate, effusion PCV, site of intra-abdominal hemorrhage, and age were not found to correlate statistically with survival nor with the decision to perform an abdominal exploratory.
Canine distemper infection in pet dogs: I. Surveillance in Indiana during a suspected outbreak
Authors: Johnson R , Glickman LT , Emerick TJ , Patronek GJ
Published: September 2014

A mail survey of 613 private veterinary practices in Indiana was conducted to determine the prevalence of canine distemper infection in Indiana during 1991 and 1992 and to compare the prevalence in three geographic regions. Of the practices that were contacted, 223 (37%) responded. Canine distemper had been diagnosed by 150 (67%) of the 223 practices. The period prevalence increased significantly from 11.1 to 16.9 cases per 10,000 dog visits. Surveillance of private veterinary practices may be useful to confirm suspected outbreaks of diseases in companion animals.
Hypoadrenocorticism in a family of leonbergers
Authors: Smallwood LJ , Barsanti JA
Published: September 2014

Hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed in four related leonbergers. Two of the four dogs also had low-resting serum thyroxine (T4) levels and signs consistent with hypothyroidism. The familial association of the affected dogs and the presence of coexisting thyroid dysfunction are similar to what is seen in human type II polyglandular autoimmune syndrome.
Prognostic factors in dogs with osteosarcomas of the flat or irregular bones
Authors: Hammer AS , Weeren FR , Weisbrode SE , Padgett SL
Published: September 2014

The medical records of 45 dogs with histopathologically confirmed osteosarcomas arising from flat or irregular bones were reviewed. Thirty-five percent of the dogs eventually developed metastases. Telangectatic tumors and tumors arising from the rib and scapula had the highest prevalence of metastases. Survival times were short, with an overall median survival time of 120 days. Anatomic site, body weight, and completeness of surgical excision were found to be prognostic factors. Dogs with mandibular osteosarcomas in this study had shorter survival times than those times recently reported. 21 Local recurrence was the most common cause of death or euthanasia in this population of dogs.
Perineal herniorrhaphy: perioperative data from 100 dogs
Authors: Hosgood G , Hedlund CS , Pechman RD , Dean PW
Published: September 2014

One hundred dogs (83 intact males, 15 castrated males, and two intact females) underwent 110 perineal herniorrhaphy procedures. Mixed-breed dogs (n = 32), miniature poodles (n = 14), Boston terriers (n = 11), and Pekingese (n = 9) were represented most frequently. Perineal swelling (n = 48) and a perineal defect on rectal palpation (n = 31) were common clinical signs. Twenty dogs had urinary bladder retroflexion and were significantly more likely to have elevated serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and neutrophilic leukocytosis. Only five of 43 dogs evaluated radiographically had prostatomegaly. Of 30 dogs receiving oral barium, all had rectal deviation. The most frequent complications during the hospitalization period were incisional (n = 35), followed by rectal prolapse (n = 9), tenesmus (n = 8), and depression (n = 8). Fifty-six of 70 dogs with follow-up had no complications.
Complications of indwelling, silastic central venous access catheters in dogs and cats
Authors: Blaiset MA , Couto CG , Evans KL , Smeak DD
Published: September 2014

The records of 35 dogs and two cats with Broviac-Cookea catheters implanted during a one-year period at The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (OSU-VTH) were reviewed for complications. In 36 patients, the catheters were used for daily anesthesia associated with cobalt radiotherapy, and in one dog the catheter was used for parenteral hyperalimentation. The catheters were in place for a mean of 16.7 days. Complications occurred in five patients and included infection or sepsis (n = 3), local abscess formation (n = 1), and local induration (n = 1); all the complications resolved with appropriate therapy. Broviac-Cooke catheters should be considered for use in dogs and cats requiring frequent blood sampling, repeated intravenous access, or in those for which routine venous access is difficult or impossible. The complication rate is minimal (13%) and is similar to that reported in studies of humans with indwelling, silastic catheters.
Estrous length, pregnancy rate, gestation and parturition lengths, litter size, and juvenile mortality in the domestic cat
Authors: Root MV , Johnston SD , Olson PN
Published: September 2014

Reproductive performance in a feline research colony of 14 queens is reported. Average estrous length in 38 cycles was 5.8 +/- 3.3 days, with a range of two to 19 days. Estrous length in 23 bred cycles was not shorter (p greater than 0.05) than in 15 nonbred cycles, suggesting that induction of ovulation does not decrease estrous length. Pregnancy rate in 23 bred cycles was 73.9%. Gestation length averaged 66.9 +/- 2.9 days with a range of 62 to 71 days (n = 15). Average parturition length was 16.1 +/- 14.3 hours (n = 7), with a range of four to 42 hours. Litter size ranged from one to five kittens, with an average of 3.7 kittens per litter (n = 15). Percent mortality by eight weeks of age was 29.1%, with 4.7% stillbirths.
Gallbladder mucocele causing biliary obstruction in two dogs: ultrasonographic, scintigraphic, and pathological findings
Authors: Newell SM , Selcer BA , Mahaffey MB , Gray ML , Jameson PH , Cornelius LM , Downs MO
Published: September 2014

Two dogs were found to have intraluminal gallbladder masses which caused partial or complete extrahepatic biliary obstruction. On histological examination, the gallbladder masses were confirmed to be mucoceles. Gallbladder mucoceles are rare in humans and previously have been described only after gallbladder rupture in two dogs. In the dogs of this report, the biliary obstruction was relieved by cholecystectomy. Each dog also had histological evidence of chronic liver disease with intrahepatic cholestasis. The clinical diagnosis of biliary obstruction was based on scintigraphic and sonographic findings which will be discussed and compared with other hepatobiliary diseases.
Evaluation of closed-suction drainage for treating auricular hematomas
Authors: Swaim SF , Bradley DM
Published: September 2014

The principal and dynamics of closed-suction wound drainage lend themselves to use on auricular hematomas. This type of drainage was evaluated in the treatment of 10 auricular hematomas on nine animals. Seven animal owners rated the results of the procedure as "good," and two rated them as "fair." The two rating the procedure as having "fair" results owned dogs with allergic dermatitis, and the auricular hematomas recurred. In both dogs, auricular hematomas again recurred after other means of treatment were used. If the pocket for the vacuum tube is not secure and the animal is quite active, or if it molests the bandage, or both, it is possible for the tube to break or the needle to come off of the tubing.
The diagnostic value of pericardial fluid pH determination
Authors: Edwards NJ
Published: September 2014

A total of 51 dogs in two different protocols each had their pericardial fluid tested for pH value. The pH values were compared with the primary diagnoses to determine if pH value is an effective discriminator between benign and neoplastic causes of pericardial effusion (PE). A high correlation appears to exist.
Myocardial infarction complicating management of congestive heart failure in a dog
Authors: DeFrancesco TC , Atkins CE , Keene BW
Published: September 2014

A 7.5-kg, 10-year-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog was evaluated for sudden onset of weakness, tachypnea, and an irregular cardiac rhythm. Congestive heart failure secondary to mitral valve regurgitation had been diagnosed six weeks earlier. The dog was stable on furosemide, enalapril, and hydralazine. Complex ventricular tachycardia, altered QRS conformation of sinus complexes, echocardiographic evidence of a hypokinetic left-ventricular free wall, and elevated creatine kinase suggested a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Despite antiarrhythmic therapy, the dog developed ventricular fibrillation and died 36 hours after admission. Postmortem examination confirmed the myocardial infarction. Although a rare diagnosis in the veterinary patient, myocardial infarction must be considered in the differential diagnosis for sudden onset of weakness, tachypnea, and ventricular tachycardia.
Dorsal laminectomy in the treatment of cervical intervertebral disk disease in small dogs: a retrospective study of 30 cases
Authors: Gill PJ , Lippincott CL , Anderson SM
Published: September 2014

Dorsal laminectomy was used to treat 30 dogs with cervical intervertebral disk disease. A variety of breeds were represented, and all animals weighted 15 kg or less. Myelography was utilized to locate each solitary disk herniation. All 30 cases progressed to complete recovery which indicates that dorsal laminectomy may be performed with success in small dogs with intervertebral disk disease.