bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPUTATION OF BEARING CAPACITY FACTOR Nq –TERZAGHI AND PRANDTL MECHANISM
Authors: Dewaikar D.M. , Mohapatro B.G. , Sawant V.A. , Chore H.S.
Published: December 2017

The unique values of the bearing capacity factors, Nq are obtained in respect of failure mechanisms suggested by Terzaghi and Prandtl using limit equilibrium approach. In this paper an attempt has been made to present the analysis integrating the Kotter’s equation with Terzaghi’s and Prandtl’s mechanisms using limit equilibrium conditions. The analysis presented here with some modifications in the exiting analyses computes the bearing capacity factor – Nq , the expressions of which are similar to the one given by Terzaghi [10] and Reissner [7] who had extended the pioneering work initiated by Prandtl [6]. The analysis reported here successfully demonstrates the applicability of Kotter’s equation to the solution of limit equilibrium problems involving plane or curved failure surfaces.
ELECTROCHEMICAL MODEL OF Euglena sanguinea Ehrenberg STIMULATED WITH MULTI-LEVEL ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Packamwongsang K. , Noppanakeepong S. , Naranong N. , Phaewbang P. , Pleuksananon P. , Packamwongsang W.
Published: December 2017

This research aimed at studying the property of Euglena Sanguinea Ehrenberg (E. sanguinea) before and after being stimulated by multi-level electromagnetic fields (MLEM). After the stimulation, it was found that physical properties were changed, i.e., cell membrane and components deformed. Main biochemical compositions were changed in accordance with new electrochemical equation which was estimated from FTIR bands. Moreover, the estimated electrical results before and after being stimulated, i.e., impedance and complex relative permittivity of main biochemical compositions from extraction, were then measured, simulated, and compared by means of Cole-Cole plot technique which yielded the statistic correlation 0.89 at 95% confidence level. Semi-circle impedance was related to complex relative permittivity as its value decreased with the increasing frequency. These were the information for designing the new electrical equivalent circuit model of   E. sanguinea with MLEM to explain many phenomena in cell. The relationship between energy from MLEM system and bond energy of main biochemical compositions of E. sanguinea as well as between electromagnetic field behaviors of MLEM system which stimulated to cell and induced voltage transmitted through each biochemical compositions of E. sanguine were also identified.
GENETIC ALGORITHM BASED SOLUTION IN PWM CONVERTER SWITCHING FOR VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER FEEDING AN INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE
Authors: Jegathesan V.
Published: December 2017

This paper presents an efficient and reliable Genetic Algorithm based solution for Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) switching pattern. This method eliminates considerable amount of lower order line voltage harmonics in Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) inverter. Determination of pulse pattern for the elimination of some lower order harmonics of a PWM inverter necessitates solving a system of nonlinear transcendental equations. Genetic Algorithm is used to solve nonlinear transcendental equations for PWM-SHE. Many methods are available to eliminate the higher order harmonics and it can be easily removed. But the greatest challenge is to eliminate the lower order harmonics and this is successfully achieved using Genetic Algorithm without using Dual transformer. Simulations using MATLABTM and Powersim with experimental results are carried out to validate the solution. The experimental results show that the harmonics up to 13th were totally eliminated.
MICROBIAL DIVERSITY IN TRACE WATER OF JET FUEL IN VIETNAM
Authors: Hien Lai Thuy , Hang Pham Thi , Nga Vuong Thi , Hai Hoang , Yamaguchi Nobuyasu , Tani Katsuji
Published: December 2017

Microorganisms in petroleum product, including jet fuel, have been found by some English andAmerican authors since the 20’s of the last century. In 1958, after Bakanaukas isolated many microorganisms in jet fuel JP4, this topic was especially concentrated. Most of microorganisms living in jet fuel are able to degrade hydrocarbon of the fuel to obtain energy and carbon source for their growth. The presence of microorganisms in jet fuel not only brings about the lost of fuel in store process, but also briefly changes the component and structure of jet fuel. Moreover, the products of their metabolism, such as organic acids, alcohols, H2S are corrosive. Hence, they cause many problems for fuel reservoirs and tanks, leak plugging pipelines. Besides, filter system and plugging pipeline can become obstructed because of microorganisms’ biomass. This influences the plane safety. Therefore, many countries in the world consider microorganisms criteria as an important standard to estimate the jet fuel quality. From 1985 to 1990, in our country, Vietnam, there were some science projects about microorganisms in TC1 fuel. At the present, as all country in Asia, Vietnam used to utilize and import hundred tons of jet A1. Tropical climate of Vietnam is the suitable condition for growing of microorganisms. With C8-C18 alkane chains, jet fuel is carbon source for a lot of microorganisms, especially bacteria and fungi, which harmfully affect plane safety. Therefore, we aimed Vietnam airlines company to control the number of microorganisms in jet fuel of all Vietnam airplanes, as well as study on the diversity of microorganisms in trace water in fuel samples, looking for the reason why filter is obstructed to contribute to the jet fuel storing and safety in Vietnam.
SOME RESULTS OF STUDY ON PRESENT SITUATION OF HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE IN HANOI, VIETNAM
Authors: Yen To Thi Hai , Ha Pham Thi Thu , Dong Nguyen The , Tuyen Trinh Van , Kawai Kosuke , Matsui Saburo
Published: December 2017

This paper presents some results on the study of Solid waste generated by households (hereinafter referred to as HSW) in Hanoi city. Compositions of the waste generated from three typical communities and their relationship with family life-style of each community were investigated. Differences among compositions of HSW of three resident groups of different incomes, lifestyles were analyzed. Based on the study results, some measures for better management of HSW and maximum reuse and recycle of HSW were proposed. By this way, the amount of HSW transported to landfill could be reduced and stabilization phase of landfill sites could be shortened.
RAPID DETECTION OF -THALASSEMIA MUTATIONS IN THAILAND USING MULTIPLEX ARMS
Authors: Shimbhu D. , Mirasena S. , Sanguansermsri M. , Sanguansermsri T.
Published: December 2017

The number of mutations underlining b-thalassemia generate a wide variety of different clinical phenotypes. An understanding of the genotype is important for medical personnel in order to provide proper counseling to patients and their families. Characterization of these mutations should aid the planning of a prenatal diagnosis program for bthalassemia. The heterogeneity of the mutations makes it difficult and time consuming to identify the mutation in some individuals. We developed a single-tube multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (multiplex ARMS) to identify common ethnic- specific b-thalassemia mutations. Confirmation of multiplex ARMS results was carried out using direct sequencing. Three thousand three hundred twenty two people from Phitsanulok province were screened for the b-thalassemia trait by quantitation of HbA2 with microcolumn chromatography and the genotypes of mutations were characterized using multiplex ARMS and direct sequencing. We found that the deletion at codons 41/42 (-TCTT) was the most frequent (48%), codon 17 (A®T) (30%), -28 (A®G) (6%) and IVS-I-1(G®T) (6%) were the second and third in frequency respectively. A -87 (C®A) mutation (4%), IVS II-654 (C®T) (2%), codons 71/72 (+A) (2%) and codon 35 (C®A) mutations (2%) were also found. These techniques were found to be a valuable tool for analysis of b-thalassemia mutations because they are accurate, simple, and speedy in operation. The application for the diagnosis of severe thalassemia in high-risk pregnancies is promising.
PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS
Authors: Hoa Doan Thai , Man Tran Dinh , Hau Ngo Viet
Published: December 2017

The cost of raw materials continues to be a limiting factor in the production of bio-ethanol from traditional raw materials, such as sugar and starch. At the same time, there are large amount of agricultural residues as well as industrial wastes that are of low or negative value (due to costs of current effluent disposal methods). Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of elephant grass and wood residues for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose has been investigated in this study.    Elephant grass (agricultural residue) and sawdust (Pulp and Paper Industry waste) with a small particulate size were treated using different dilute sulfuric acid concentrations at a temperature  of 140-170°C within 0.5-3 hours. The appropriate pretreatment conditions give the highest yield of soluble saccharides and total reducing sugars.
NEW FINDINGS NOTES OF THE PARASITIC NEMATODES OF TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES IN VIET NAM
Authors: Luc Pham Van , Thanh Nguyen Vu , Spiridonov S.E.
Published: December 2017

First results of the parasitological survey of Vietnamese terrestrial invertebrates performed in 2007 demonstrate extreme diversity of nematodes parasitic in these animals. The most interesting new findings are nematodes of four superfamilies: Drilonematoidea, Thelastomatoidea, Rhabditoidea and Ransomnematoidea. Further progress was achieved in last three years in the studies of Drilonematoidea nematodes – coelomic parasites of earthworms. One new genus and several new species were discovered in large megascolecids collected in Bac Bo (Tam Dao) and Nam Bo (Bidoup - Nui Ba N.P.). Passalidae beetles are colonial coleopterans inhabiting rotten wood in tropical forests throughout tropics, and are known as characteristic hosts of one taxon of parasitic nematodes – family Hystrignathidae. The nematodes of this family were reported for the first time from Viet Nam in 2007. The fauna of parasitic nematodes of terrestrial mollusks is also diverse in Viet Nam. In addition to the new angiostomatids described in 2005 new Angiostoma species with unusual morphology was discovered in Cat Tien National Park. Nematodes of the family Hethidae were discovered in Vietnamese diplopods in 1997 but not identified up to species level. Examination of Heth specimens under light microscope and scanning electron microscope demonstrate prominent morphological differences between three samples from different areas in Viet Nam. Additional studies are needed to reveal the relationships of parasitic nematodes of terrestrial  invertebrates found in Vietnam in 2007 and publish valid descriptions of these new taxa.
SYNTHESIS OF ACETIC ACID FROM ETHANOL BY ELECTROOXIDATION TECHNIQUE USING Ni-Cu-PVC ELECTRODE
Authors: Riyanto Riyanto , Othman Mohamed Rozali , Salimon Jumat
Published: December 2017

A usage of Ni-Cu-PVC electrode for the oxidation of ethanol by electrochemical technique will be reported in this paper. In this work, the effect of electrodes on the yields of acetic acid was determined. Electrode used was made of the mixtures of Ni powder, Cu powder and of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with various percentages. Electrooxidation of 0.20 M ethanol in 0.16 M KOH  (24 mL) were carried out using chrono coulometry (CC) at a potential of 1050 mV for 6 hours with continious stirring. Electrooxdation result obtained was analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The test result shows that the composition of  Ni:Cu:PVC  at 75:20:5 have higher efficiency in the electrooxidation of ethanol to acetic acid.
EFFECT OF INJECTOR OPENING PRESSURE ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION OF LPG - METHYL ESTER OF MAHUA OIL DUAL FUEL ENGINE
Authors: Kapilan N.
Published: December 2017

One of variables, which affect the performance and emission of dual fuel engine is injection pressure. Hence in the present work, effect of Injector opening pressure on the performance of the engine was studied.  A four stroke single cylinder engine was modified to work in dual fuel mode. Three injector opening pressures (180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar) were considered for the present work. Methyl ester of mahua oil was used as pilot fuel and LPG was used as primary fuel.    From the test results, it was observed that the injector opening pressure of 200 bar results in higher brake thermal efficiency. The higher injector opening pressure results in better atomization and peneatration of methyl ester of mahua oil. The exhaust emissions such as Smoke, unburnt hydro carbon and carbon monoxide of 200 bar is lower than other pressures.
DIBUTYLTIN(IV) ALKYLCYCLOHEXYLDITHIOCARBAMATES: SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF DIBUTYLTIN(IV) N-METHYL AND N-ETHYLCYCLOHEXYLDITHIOCARBAMATE
Authors: Awang Normah , Baba Ibrahim , Aziz Y. Farina Abd. , Yamin Bohari M.
Published: December 2017

A new series of dibutyltin(IV) alkylcyclohexyldithiocarbamates of the type (C4H9)2Sn[S2CNR(C6H11)]2 (R = CH3, C2H5, i-C3H7) have been successfully synthesized using in-situ method. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and 13C NMR spectroscopy. A single crystal X-ray analysis of dibutyltin(IV) ethylcyclohexyldithiocarbamate, (C4H9)2Sn[S2CN(C2H5)(C6H11)]2 (compound 2) showed that the system of this crystal is triclinic with space group P-1 while dibutyltin(IV) methylcyclohexyldithiocarbamate, (C4H9)2Sn[S2CN(CH3)(C6H11)]2 (compound 1) has monoclinic system and it’s space group is P21/c. In the crystal structure of compound 2, the dithiocarbamate ligands are bidentically chelated to the tin atom with non-equivalent of the Sn-S distances: Sn(1)-S(1) = 2.9255(11) and Sn(1)-S(2) = 2.5419(10); Sn(1)-S(3) = 2.8922(9) and Sn(1)-S(4) = 2.5293(10) Å while in compound 1, the dithiocarbamate ligands were anisobidentically  chelated to the tin atom.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ALGINATE PREPARED FROM BROWN SEAWEEDS IN THUA THIEN-HUE PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Thien Tran Vinh , Kinh Chu Dinh , Hoa Tran Thai , Khieu Dinh Quang
Published: December 2017

The characterization of alginate prepared from brown seaweeds in TT-Hue province of Vietnam was investigated. Composition and the sequential structure of alginate were determined by 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, TOCSY, 1H-1H COSY, and 1H-13C-HSQC spectrum. It is found that alginate with molecular weight around 101 KDa is composed of homopolymeric regions of M and G blocks, interspersed with very small amount of regions of alternating structure of MG block.  This information is essential for application guideline of alginate in TT-Hue province.
CLASSIFICATION AND ZONING OF WATER QUALITY FOR THREE MAIN RIVERS IN BINH TRI THIEN REGION (CENTRAL VIETNAM) BASED ON WATER QUALITY INDEX
Authors: Hop Nguyen Van , To Thuy Chau , Tung Truong Quy
Published: December 2017

Huong, Thach Han and Kien Giang rivers are the important surface water sources in Thua ThienHue, Quang Tri and Quang Binh provinces, respectively (in Central Vietnam). The river water samples were taken monthly (from June 2001 to May 2002 for Kien Giang river and from January to December of 2004 for Thach Han and Huong rivers) at selected sites. The temperature, pH, conductivity (EC), salinity, turbidity (TUR), DO, COD, BOD5, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, total solids (TS), hardness, total dissolved iron, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of water samples were analyzed. Water quality index developed by Bhargava (Bhargava-WQI) was modified and applied to assess water quality of the above mentioned rivers. Based on Bhargava-WQI, the classification and zoning of the rivers for beneficial uses were carried out. The results obtained show that the water quality index can be used as an efficient tool for the water quality management and water pollution control of the rivers.
PRINCIPAL STRESSES IN NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF BAKUN CONCRETE FACED ROCKFILL DAM
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Hilton , Noorzaie Jamaloddin , Al Qbadi Fayda
Published: December 2017

With rapid population growth and accelerating economic development, much of the world’s WATER which requires urgent attention to ensure sustainable use. Nowadays, Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam (CFRD) is preferred among dam consultant due to its advantages. They are designed to withstand all applied loads; namely gravity load due to its massive weight and hydrostatic load due to water thrust from the reservoir. Bakun CFRD, which ranks as the second highest CFRD in the world when completed, is analyzed to its safety due to both loads mentioned earlier by using Finite Element Method. 2-D plane strain finite element analysis of non-linear Duncan-Chang hyperbolic Model which formulated by Duncan and Chang is used to study the structural response of the dam in respect to the deformation and stresses of Main dam of Bakun’s CFRD project. Dead-Birth-Ghost element technique was used to simulate sequences of construction of the dam as well as during reservoir fillings. The comparison of rigid and flexible foundation on the behaviour of the dam was discussed. The maximum and minimum principal stresses are the maximum and minimum possible values of the normal stresses. The maximum principal stress controls brittle fracture. In the finite element modeling the concrete slab on the upstream was represented through six-noded element, while the interface characteristic between dam body and concrete slab was modeled using interface element. The maximum settlement and stresses of the cross section was founded and the distribution of them were discussed and tabulated in form of contours.
AROMATASE INHIBITORY AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM THE VIETNAMESE MEDICINAL PLANT BAN-CHI-LIEN (SCUTELLARIA BARBATA D. DON)
Authors: Thao Do Thi , Huan Le Quang , Hieu Do Khac , Chien Nguyen Quyet , Hung Nguyen Van
Published: December 2017

Aromatase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities were determined for apigenin, luteolin and the new diterpene named scutebarbalactone VN, which were obtained by bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation from the methanol extract of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Banchi-lien (Scutellaria barbata D. Don). In the aromatase inhibition assay, an IC50 value of 3.36 mM was found for scutebarbalactone VN, while IC50  values of 7.2 mM and 7.95 mM were found for the positive controls aminoglutethimide and b-estradiol, respectively. In the cytotoxicity  assays using a panel of human cancer cell lines, scutebarbalactone VN showed promising anticancer activity with IC50  ranging from 2.15 to 8.3 mM compared with those of the positive control ellipticine ranging from 1.0 to 2.1 mM. Apigenin and luteolin were found to be inactive  in both assays.
Some thoughts concerning a strategy for the industrial transformation of a developing country
Authors: Habibie B. J.
Published: December 2017

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Science and technology for development in indonesia
Authors: Muhammadi Muhammadi , Suwarto Lebdo
Published: December 2017

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Status of science and technology in malaysia
Authors: Idrus A Zaharudin
Published: December 2017

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The european communitys scientific and technical strategy with special reference to science and technology for development
Authors: Contzen J. P.
Published: December 2017

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Integrated village energy system
Authors: Cruz Ibarra E.
Published: December 2017

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Potential role o biotechnology in food & health problems of asean countries
Authors: Ismail Ghazally
Published: December 2017

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Energy cost of seed drying
Authors: Jittanit Weerachet , Srzednicki George , Driscoll Robert
Published: December 2017

In this work, the energy costs of drying corn, rice and wheat seeds between 3 drying options were compared. They consisted of 1) two-stage drying by using fluidised bed dryer (FBD) in the 1st stage and in-store dryer (ISD) in the 2nd stage, 2) single-stage drying by fixed bed dryer (FXD) and 3) two-stage drying by using FXD in the 1st  stage and ISD in the 2nd  stage. The drying conditions selected for comparison were proved to be safe for seed viability by the previous studies. The results showed that the drying options 2 and 3 consumed less energy than option 1. However, the benefits from lower energy cost must be weighed against some advantages of using FBD. Furthermore, it appeared that running the burners of FXD and ISD for warming up the ambient air during humid weather condition could shorten drying time significantly with a little higher energy cost.
Statistical Optimization of the Induction of Phytase Production by Arabinose in a recombinant E. coli using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Farouk Abd-El Aziem , Hussin Anis Shobirin Meor , Greiner Ralf , Ismail Shareef Mohideen , Lubis Hamadah Mohd Nur
Published: December 2017

The production of phytase in a recombinant E.coli using the pBAD expression  system was optimized using response surface methodology with full-factorial faced centered central composite design. The ampicilin and arabinose concentration in the cultivation media and the incubation temperature were optimized in order to maximize phytase production using 2 3  central composite experimental design. With this design the number of actual experiment performed could be reduced while allowing eludidation of possible interactions among these factors. The most significant parameter was shown to be the linear and quadratic effect of the incubation temperature.  Optimal conditions for phytase production were determined to be 100 µg/ml ampicilin, 0.2 % arabinose and an incubation temperature of 37ºC. The production of phytase in the recombinant E. coli was scaled up to 100 ml and 1000 ml.
Characteristics of unsupported alumina membrane prepared using sol-gel technique
Authors: Othman, M.R. , Ahmad, A.L. , Mukhtar And H.
Published: December 2017

A laboratory scale alumina membrane was prepared using sol-gel technique. Results from the experiment demonstrate that the addition of PVA is important for viscosity adjustment to determine the appropriate coating time if the membrane is required for coating on the porous support. The effects of varying PVA content and sintering temperature on the characteristics of the sintered membrane are discussed. In this work, a 2 volume % of PVA solution containing 4g of PVA in lOOml of water was discovered to be adequate to achieve appropriate porosity level and avoid cracks in the gel layer. It was also discovered that the sol viscosity essentially increased as the PVA addition was increased. On the contrary, the coating time decreased as PVA content in the sol was increased. Generally, the pore size of the membrane increased with the increase in PVA addition. The density of the membrane increased with increase in sintering temperature. The porosity level however, decreased as the temperature was increased. The pore size became greater and pore size distribution wider at higher sintering temperatures.
Developm ent of carboxymethylcellulose from nata de coco
Authors: Manguiat, Lydia S. , Sabularse, and Veronica C. , Sabularse Dario C. Sabularse
Published: December 2017

Nata de coco was used as raw material for the preparation of food-grade carboxymethylcellulose referred to as carboxymethyl-nata (CMN). The effect of various conditions in the carboxymethylation of nata cellulose was determined. The concentration of NaOH, mercerisation time, shredding time during mercerisation and etherification, and the concentration of monochloroacetic acid significantly affected the following physico-chemical properties of CMN, namely, degree of substitution (DS), viscosity, degree of polymerisation (DP), and solubility. The best processing conditions were: the use of 40% NaOH, 60 mins mercerisation time, 60 mins shredding time during mercerisation and etherification, and J.35g/mL ClCH COOH. CMN with desirable properties wasproduced using these conditions.
Membrane cleaning using electric pulse in dead end ultrafiltration of proteinaceous solution
Authors: Ahmad' A.L. , Azid And I.A.
Published: December 2017

Dead end ultrafiltration of Bovine Serum Albumine (BSA) using a polymeric membrane has been studied. Membrane fouling for such fine biological product due to the formation of filter cake and adsorption of the proteinaceous solution is the major bottleneck for such separation process. The application of electric pulses has shown an effective means in cleaning the membrane and reducing the fouling rate for dead-end ultrafiltration of BSA. The flux is significantly increased by both electrophoretic motion of solutes away from the membrane surface and electro-osmosis occurring in the filter cake. An automated experimental rig equipped with data acquisition system has been developed to test the effectiveness and performance of such membrane cleaning. The improvement of flux becomes more pronounced with increasing electric field strength. The effects of other processing variables such as pulse interval, pulse duration, ionic strength of the electrolyte, pH of the solution and solution concentration were studied on this membrane cleaning technique. Data are analysed for its average flux, average cake concentration, average percentage of cake and water recovery for every cleaning condition. It is found out that the chemical and physical properties of the solution (pH and ionic strength of the electrolyte) have a great effect on this membrane cleaning method. Protein solution at pH 8 and 0.0 lM ionic strength of the electrolyte gave the best membrane cleaning performance. Shorter pulse interval and with relatively 10 seconds pulse duration are the optimum conditions on application of pulse to remove the filter cake from the membrane.
Optical ph sensing material prepared from doped sol-gel film for use in acid-base titration
Authors: Ahmad Musa , Tan T.W.
Published: December 2017

An optical pH sensing material has been prepared in this study by using sol-gel technique. Bromothymol blue, bromophenol blue and thymol blue were chosen in this study as acidbase indicators for strong acid-strong base, strong acid-weak base and weak acid-strong base titration, respectively. The results show that these indicators could be successfully entrapped inside the sol-gel film and still maintain its chemical behaviour as in solution. The entrapped acid-base indicators respond well to any pH changes and could be used to determine the end-point of the acid-base titration.
The mechanical properties of fly ash concrete prepared and cured at high temperatures
Authors: Munaf D.R. , Besari M.S. , IqbaP M.M. , Kadir And I.
Published: December 2017

Results of an experimental investigation on the effect of fly ash content, water cement (w/c) ratio of concrete prepared and cured at temperatures of ambience, 40°C and 60°C are presented in this paper. The mechanical properties investigated here include its workability, its behaviour under compression and splitting tension. Microscopic investigations were also carried out using SEM micrographic images to gain understanding of concrete at its microstructural level.The results indicate that high temperature increases early compressive strengths of concrete, but has decreasing effects on the strengths at later ages. The use of fly ash in concretes cast and cured at elevated temperatures improves the physical and mechanical properties of fresh as well as those of hardened concrete.Various mathematical models describing the properties of such concretes are considered at the end of this paper. The strength properties of high temperature fly ash concrete were best represented by a simple exponential function of time, while its stress-strain relationship could be best described by an exponential function of strain of a more complicated form.
Processing of Cu-Cr alloy for combined high strength and high conductivity
Authors: Olofinjana and A.O , Tan A. and K. S.
Published: December 2017

High strength and high conductivity (HSHC) are two intrinsic properties difficult to combine in metallic alloy design because; almost all strengthening mechanisms also lead to reduced conductivity. Precipitation hardening by nano-sized precipitates had proven to be the most adequate way to achieve the optimum combination of strength and conductivity in copper based alloys. However, established precipitation strengthened Cu- alloys are limited to very dilute concentration of solutes thereby limiting the volume proportion hardening precipitates. In this work, we report the investigation of the reprocessing of higher Cr concentration Cu- based alloys via rapid solidification. It is found that the rapid solidification in the as-cast ribbon imposed combined solution extension and ultra-refinement of Cr rich phases. X-ray diffraction evidences suggest that the solid solution extension was up to 6wt%Cr. Lattice parameters determined confirmed the many folds extension of solid solution of Cr in Cu. Thermal aging studies of the cast ribbons indicated that peak aging treatments occurred in about twenty minutes. Peak aged hardness ranged from about 200 to well over 300Hv. The maximum peak aged hardness of 380Hv was obtained for alloy containing 6wt.%Cr but with conductivity of about 50%IACS. The best combined strength/conductivity was obtained for 4wt.%Cr alloy with hardness of 350HV and conductivity of 80% IACS. The high strengths observed are attributed to the increased volume proportion of semi-coherent Cr rich nano-sized precipitates that evolved from the supersaturated solid solution of Cu-Cr that was achieved from the high cooling rates imposed by the ribbon casting process. The rapid overaging of the high Cr concentration Cu-Cr alloy is still a cause for concern in optimising the process for reaching peak HSHC properties. It is still important to investigate a microstructural design to slow or severely restrict the overaging process. The optimum HSHC property reported here is a rare combination of high strength (>350Hv ~ 900MPa) and conductivity (50 – 80% IACS) found in metallic alloys.
Influence of Temperature on the Performance of Photovoltaic Polycrystalline Silicon Module in the Bruneian Climate
Authors: Malik, A.  Q. , Ming, Lim Chee , Sheng, Tan Kha , Blundell And M.
Published: December 2017

The influence of working temperature for a polysilicon module has been investigated in Brunei Darussalam for a period of two years. The rise in temperature produces thermal agitation which not only increases the dark current but also enhances the losses of free carriers in a polycrystalline module. The efficiency and the output power decreases with an increase in the working temperature. A maximum decline in the output power of 97% has been measured under a dominated diffused radiation environment. The temperature coefficients have been obtained and equations are developed to evaluate the change in the rating of module at any working temperature with reference to their values at STC.
FUSION DECISION FOR A BIMODAL BIOMETRIC VERIFICATION SYSTEM USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND ITS VARIATIONS
Authors: Teoh A. , Samad S.A. , Hussain A.
Published: December 2017

This paw presents fusion detection technique comparisons based on support vector machine and its variations for a bimodal biometric verification system that makes use of face images and speech utterances. The system is essentially constructed by a face expert, a speech expert and a fusion decision module. Each individual expert has been optimized to operate in automatic mode and designed for security access application. Fusion decision schemes considered are linear, weighted Support Vector Machine (SVM) and linear SVM with quadratic transformation. The conditions tested include the balanced and unbalanced conditions between the two experts in order to obtain the optimum fusion module from  these techniques best suited to the target application.
MITIGATING CO EMISSIONS FROM THE POWER SECTOR: LEAST-COST ANALYSIS OF POLICY OPTIONS IN THAILAND
Authors: Limmeechokchai Bundit , Tanatvan Somporn , Shrestha Ram M.
Published: December 2017

Traditionally, the method used in the electricity generation expansion planning has concentrated only on the supply-side options to identify the sequence of generation additions meet the forecasted demand at a minimum cost. Electricity generation expansion planning with both supply- and demand-side options, commonly known as integrated resource planning are also being used in some developed countries. With growing environmental concerns, especially the emission of air-pollutants from the power generation, demand-side management and clean and efficient generation technology options in the power sector development are getting increasing attention. In this paper, we compare the traditional planning approach with integrated resource planning. We also analyze the implications of CO2 reduction targets for the power sector development in the framework of supply side planning by including clean supply-side technologies as candidate plants. During the planning horizon, generation capacity of 365 MW and a cumulative electricity generation or 61,681 GWh would be avoided through the use of efficient demand-side technologies compared to the business-as-usual (BAU) case. When the clean supply-side options considered in the least-cost planning process, three units of 100-MW biomass-based plants are selected. The long run average cost of generation is found to increase by 0.32, 0.65 and 1.61% at the level of CO2 emission reduction target of 5, 10, and 20%, respectively.
STEADY STATE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE STACK COLD PLATE WITH HEAT LOSSES
Authors: Quadir G. A. , Bell Shiao Lin , Seetharamu K. N. , Hassan A. Y.
Published: December 2017

Steady state analysis of a single stack cold plate used for the cooling of electronic components is carried out using the finite element method. The present methodology takes into account the heat losses from the top and bottom surfaces of the stack. In addition dimensionless parameters are used in the analysis. The analysis is divided into two parts: a single unit cell analysis and the analysis of the assembly of several unit cells. The results from the present analysis of a single unit cell for single stack cold plate without heat losses compare well with those available in the literature. The analyses of the assembly of unit cells with heat losses from the top and bottom surface of the stack show that the single unit cell can be considered to be the representative of the stacks only when there are no heat losses.
THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY MEASUREMENT OF SOLID USING PYROELECTRIC SENSOR
Authors: Azmi B. Z. , Ling Y. T. , Hashim M. , Yunus W. M. M. , Moksin M. M.
Published: December 2017

The recently developed pyroelectric spectroscopic technique has been used to measure the thermal diffusivity of solids. The method has been applied to conductors and insulator where by the thermal wave is measured at various lateral distances on the sample between laser illuminated line and pyroelectric sensor position. The thermal diffusivity is obtained from the gradient of the plot of thermal wave signal versus the lateral distance. A good agreement to the previously reported thermal diffusivity value has been obtained for aluminium, copper and spray paint that is 0.809 cm2s-1, 1.128 3cm2s-1 and 1.547 x 10-3 cm2s-1 respectively.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF ZSM-5 ZEOLITE LOADED WITH TRANSITION METALS FOR THE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NOX
Authors: Saaid I.M. , Mohamed A.R. , Bhatia S. Bhatia
Published: December 2017

Catalytic activity measurement were carried out on catalysts formulated from ZSM-5 zeolite separately loaded with transition metals (Cu, Co, Ni, Fe) for the removal of NOx in simulated diesel exhaust conditions. Various factors were investigated to compare the performance of these catalysts including catalyst preparation method, Si/Al ratio of the parent zeolite support, and durability in the exhaust stream containing water vapor or SO2. In many experimental conditions except in the presence of water vapor or SO2, Cu-ZSM5 remained the most active catalyst with 100% NOX conversion at around 350°C. C0-ZSM5 and Ni-ZSM5 could also achieve complete NOx conversion but at a much higher temperature of around 450°C. Fe-ZSM5 catalyst was the least active catalyst probably due to the formation of iron oxide particle, which accelerated formation of carbon monoxide.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGAL INVASION ON THE CABBAGE-HEART CATERPILLAR CROCIDOLOMIA BINOTALIS ZELLER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Hashim N. , Ibrahim Y.B. , Tan Y.H.
Published: December 2017

The infection on Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller by the entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wise) Brown and Smith, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill, and Metarhizium anisopliae var. majus (Metsch.) Sorokin was studied histopathologically using electron microscopy. Conidia which landed on the cuticle germinated within four to six hours. In the case of B. basiana, shortly after landing, an appresorium was formed that attached itself fast onto the cuticle at the point of fungal entry. The infected larva then entered the moribund state 12 to 24 hours after inoculation. Death of the larva followed 24 to 48 hours later. By then the body cavity as well as the trachea were clogged with mycelia, and compacted masses conidiophores producing white conidia were found all over the larval cadaver one to two days later. P. fumosoroseus sporulated more abundantly on the surface of the cadaver compared to B. bassiana or M. anisopliae.
Effect of Substrate Feeding Concentration on Initial Biofilm Development in Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor
Authors: Suraraksa B. , Nopharatana A. , Chaiprasert P. , Bhumiratana S. , Tanticharoen M.
Published: December 2017

To elucidate the effect of substrate concentration on biofilm development, glucose concentrations of 500 and 1,000 mg/L were used.  At an early stage, biofilm development at both concentrations was not significantly different (P=0.621).  After removing suspended biomass at 24 operational hours, the biofilm development at high substrate concentration was higher than at lower concentration.  At 72 operational hours, the amounts of attached biomass at low and high glucose feeding were 9.04±1.17 and 28.58±2.72 g VSS/m2, respectively.  The activities of acidogens, acetogens, and methanogens at the low glucose concentration were 0.334, 0.016 and 0.003 g COD/g VSS/h, and those at the high glucose concentration were 0.145, 0.003 and 0.001 g COD/g VSS/h, respectively.  Moreover, the ratio of methanogenic activity at low glucose concentration was higher than at high glucose concentration.  The glucose utilization at low and high feeding concentrations was 33% and 27%, respectively.  These results indicated that rapid biofilm development by using high substrate concentration would be less beneficial if unbalance of methanogenic ratio was found in biofilm.
Genetic Diversity of Introduced (Pomacea canaliculata) and Native (PILA) Apple Snails in Thailand Revealed by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis
Authors: Thaewnon-ngiw B. , Klinbunga S. , Phanwichien K. , Sangduen N. , Lauhachinda N. , Menasveta P.
Published: December 2017

Genetic diversity of the introduced golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) and four native apple snails; Pila ampullacea (Linneaus, 1758), P. angelica (Annandale, 1920), P. pesmei (Morelet, 1889) and P. polita (Deshayes, 1830) in Thailand were studied by RAPD analysis. Two hundred and two polymorphic fragments (180-1500 bp in length) were generated across overall investigated samples (N = 254) using three informative primers (OPA07, OPB10 and UBC122). The percentages of polymorphic bands were 98.86%, 94.56%, 90.91%, 96.94% and 95.51% for Pomacea canaliculata, P. ampullacea, P. angelica, P. pesmei and P. polita, respectively. This indicated high genetic polymorphism of these taxa. A neighbor-joining tree between pairs of geographic samples within Pomacea canaliculata suggested a lack of phylogeography in this species. Moreover, candidate species-specific RAPD markers (pKUSCARPILA-F/R) found in Pomacea canaliculata (340 bp, OPB10), P. ampullcea (640 bp, OPA07), P. angelica (380 bp, UBC122) and Pila snails (430 bp, OPA07) were cloned and sequenced. Locus-specific primers were designed and tested against the target and nontarget species. A 259 bp SCAR marker was found in 95.0% of Pila apple snails (N = 163) but not in Pomacea canaliculata (N = 30). Therefore, this SCAR marker could be used in coupling with a Pomacea canaliculata-specific RAPD marker to unambiguously differentiate the introduced and native apple snails in Thailand.
Entropy Learning in Neural Network
Authors: Ng Geok See , Shi D. , Wahab A. , Singh H.
Published: December 2017

In this paper, entropy term is used in the learning phase of a neural network.  As learning progresses, more hidden nodes get into saturation.  The early creation of such hidden nodes may impair generalisation.  Hence entropy approach is proposed to dampen the early creation of such nodes.  The entropy learning also helps to increase the importance of relevant nodes while dampening the less important nodes.  At the end of learning, the less important nodes can then be eliminated to reduce the memory requirements of the neural network.
DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF LADDER WAVE DIGITAL FILTERS WITH TUNABLE PARAMETERS
Authors: Samad S.A.
Published: December 2017

This paper proposes a method for the synthesis of ladder wave digital filters (WDFs) directly from the digital domain. This method avoids the need for the synthesis of analog reference filters conventionally required in WDF design. This direct method allows for the determination of the WDF coefficients from the digital domain transfer function. This is similar to conventional infinite impulse response (IIR) filter coefficient determination but the WDF will give a more efficient realization. Due to the WDFs power complementary properties, a first-order ladder WDF can simultaneously realize both lowpass and highpass responses using the same structure, while a second-order WDF can realize both the bandpass and bandstop responses simultaneously. By appropriately choosing the WDF adaptor configuration and structure, tunable parameters can be determined from the digital domain transfer function that controls the 3dB cut-off frequency of the lowpass and highpass filters, and the centre frequency and 3-dB bandwidth of the bandpass and bandstop filters. This results in the WDFs requiring a minimum number of multipliers for realization.
Religious Radicalism , Jihad, And Terrorism
Authors: Edyar Busman
Published: December 2017

After the terrorist attacked on the twin towers of Word Trade Center, USA, 9 September 2001, the issue of religious radicalism became a serious international concern. Terrorists suspected of carrying certain religious symbols have put religion as the accused party to be responsible. Of course the action did not stand alone. Various variable lighter, should also mentioned why the attitude or behavior of a religious people to be radical and very likely to cause terror. The following study attempts to uncover the background of radicalism in the name of religion appears on the surface. Certainly internal and external factors must be put forward.
Theoretical, Pedagogical, and Practical Views of Genre Based Instruction
Authors: Morganna Ruly
Published: December 2017

This paper is written under the purpose of exploring in details about one of popular language teaching methods namely Genre based Instruction (GBI). GBI as how it is today is very famous to be applied for teaching writing where the same case occurs in Indonesia in that GBI is implemented into the English classroom for teaching English writing. GBI is uniquely powerful in its substance since it not only focuses on the process of writing itself, but also stresses on the quality of writing work. This teaching method makes students learn a language as how it is used in a particular social setting because that is the obvious phenomenon that happens when people use a language. Therefore, this teaching method underlies its essence on teaching language meaningfully based on the social staging. In this paper, there are several elements which are discussed regarding GBI. They encompass its theories including linguistic principles and learning principles, both pedagogical and practical views in the classroom, and a brief practical view about GBI in Indonesia.
Konsep Screening Saham Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Fielnanda Refky
Published: December 2017

Tulisan ini membuktikan kelemahan pemikiran Alhabshi, Khatkhatay dan Nisar, dan Donia dan Marzban, yang menyatakan bahwa pada kondisi sekarang ini saham dalam proses screening sepenuhnya murni syariah dan terbebas dari spekulasi sangat langkah dan hampir mustahil bisa diterapkan. Argumen mereka bahwa sebagian besar negara memiliki lembaga keuangan konvensional. Disamping itu, screening untuk saham syariah menghambat investor untuk berinvestasi. Dalam konteks fuqaha>’, ada sebagian yang mengharamkan praktik jual beli saham. Sebagaimana diungkapkan oleh Taqi> al-Di>n al-Nabha>ni> dan Yusuf al-Sabatin mengungkapkan bahwa transaksi saham dianggap batal secara hukum, karena dalam masalah transaksi saham tidak tepat menggunakan analisis mas}lah}ah mursalah. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah Fatwa DSN-MUI No: 40/DSN-MUI/X/2003 tentang Pasar Modal dan Pedoman Umum Penerapan Prinsip Syariah di Bidang Pasar Modal, Peraturan Bapepam-LK Nomor: KEP-181/BL/2009 ditindaklanjuti dengan Peraturan Nomor: KEP-208/BL/2012. Sementara cara membacanya, semua data yang diperoleh disusun secara sistematis dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis (Shar‘i), sosiologis, dan ekonomi. Kemudian data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis).Temuan tulisan ini memperkuat pemikiran Gholamreza Zandi, Seif El-Din I Taj, Zamir Iqbal, dan Sami al-Suwailem, menurut mereka bahwa di setiap negara pasar modal sangat penting sebagai salah satu penggerak perekonomian suatu negara. Oleh karena itu, sistem pasar ekuitas harus diawasi dengan baik, dengan melakukan screening terhadap emiten yang melanggar dari aturan hukum Islam. Dalam konteks para fuqaha>’, temuan tulisan ini juga memperkuat pemikiran S{a>lih} ibn Muh}ammad ibn Sulayma>n al-S{ult}a>n dan Ah}mad ibn Muh}ammad al-Khali>l sepakat bahwa saham dalam Islam adalah bagian dari investasi. Oleh karena itu, untuk menghindar pelanggaran dari prinsip syariah, maka dilakukan screening terhadap saham syariah.
Urgensi Profesionalisme Guru di Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nasution Hamni Fadlilah
Published: December 2017

The low quality of education in Indonesia can also be known from the Human Development Report, which states that the Human Development Index for 2004 Indonesia position is ranked 111th out of 177 countries surveyed. Teachers play an important role in the progress of education quality. Professional teachers are teachers who are able to master and control changes with science and technology insights. Professional teachers are teachers who are able to run the competencies they have. Four components of the competency standards that teachers must possess are: Personality competence, Pedagogic competence, Professional competence and social competence. The development of professionalism of elementary school teachers can also be pursued through a system called educational supervision, certification, with a professional teacher coaching system (SPP-Teacher) and learning tasks. The coaching program is useful to improve the quality of teachers so that a positive impact on the success of education