bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Foegen effect
Authors: Fögen Zacharias
Published: April 2022

Extensive evidence in the literature supports the mandatory use of facemasks to reduce the infection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the effect of mask use on the disease course remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether mandatory mask use influenced the case fatality rate in Kansas, USA between August 1st and October 15th 2020.

This study applied secondary data on case updates, mask mandates, and demographic status related to Kansas State, USA. A parallelization analysis based on county-level data was conducted on these data. Results were controlled by performing multiple sensitivity analyses and a negative control.

A parallelization analysis based on county-level data showed that in Kansas, counties with mask mandate had significantly higher case fatality rates than counties without mask mandate, with a risk ratio of 1.85 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.51–2.10) for COVID-19-related deaths. Even after adjusting for the number of “protected persons,” that is, the number of persons who were not infected in the mask-mandated group compared to the no-mask group, the risk ratio remained significantly high at 1.52 (95% CI: 1.24–1.72). By analyzing the excess mortality in Kansas, this study determines that over 95% of this effect can solely be attributed to COVID-19.

These findings suggest that mask use might pose a yet unknown threat to the user instead of protecting them, making mask mandates a debatable epidemiologic intervention.

The cause of this trend is explained herein using the “Foegen effect” theory; that is, deep re-inhalation of hypercondensed droplets or pure virions caught in facemasks as droplets can worsen prognosis and might be linked to long-term effects of COVID-19 infection. While the “Foegen effect” is proven in vivo in an animal model, further research is needed to fully understand it.
The Effect of Time Spent With Participants on Program Outcomes
Authors: Ernst Ariane , Granek Barry
Published: April 2022

Purpose of Study:

Little research exists on the correlation between time spent with participants in Critical Time Intervention–modeled programs, such as Coordinated Behavioral Care's (CBC) Pathway Home, and successful completion of the programs. This study explored associations between the total amount of time spent with participants in the initial 3 months of the program and positive program outcomes.

Methodology and Sample:

Data on total time spent with participants in their initial phase of the program were gathered from Pathway Home participants who were enrolled in the program from 2016 to 2019 and then were compared with program outcomes.

Results:

The study found positive correlations between amount of time spent with participants and the attendance of a behavioral health appointment within 1 month of community entry, and positive disenrollment outcomes. This study did not find predictive significance of time spent.

Implications for Case Management Practice:

Time spent with participants is a significant variable to study, yet more research is needed on its relationship to positive outcomes.
National Survey Data to Evaluate Case Management Services
Authors: Swann-Thomsen Hillary E. , Lindsay Ryan , Rourk Seth , Hofacer Rylon , Nguyen Elaine
Published: April 2022

Purpose of Study:

The National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN) is a publicly available resource that can be utilized to evaluate case management services such as care coordination. The authors sought to identify how researchers operationalize care coordination when utilizing this resource.

Primary Practice Setting:

National outpatient survey.

Methodology and Sample:

MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL Complete were searched for studies that utilized the NS-CSHCN and report on outcomes of pediatric care coordination. Data from studies were extracted and results are descriptively reported.

Results:

The authors screened 4,577 citations and included 19 studies reporting on the impact of pediatric care coordination. Care coordination was defined differently and was sometimes captured as part of the medical home definition, or assessed using study-specific questions on coordinated services and satisfaction with communication from the medical team.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
Collective Occupational Trauma, Health Care Quality, and Trauma-Informed Leadership
Authors: Fink-Samnick Ellen
Published: April 2022

Managing stress, burnout, and vicarious trauma is a long-standing issue for the health and behavioral health workforce, including those in case management. Yet, the recent novel coronavirus pandemic has amplified routine burnout to record levels. Practitioners and patients are amid a new dynamic of collective occupational trauma (COT). In this realm, health and behavioral health workers (HBWs) experience the same reality as their patients, families, and support systems; professional boundaries become blurred, leading to heightened levels of emotional vulnerability that can prompt the development of more pervasive psychopathology. This reality has put the Quadruple Aim in peril, with increased workforce turnover, staff shortages, costs, and quality challenges.

Purpose/Objectives:

This article:

Primary Practice Setting(s):

Applicable to all health and behavioral health settings where case management is practiced.

Findings/Conclusions:

Organizational cultures must shift from a “process and roll” mindset to one that is trauma-informed. Implementation of TIC has yielded successful outcomes for the workforce via enhanced patient engagement, treatment adherence, and successful outcomes. In tandem, TIC leadership and supervision models have had promising results and should be more readily utilized; they acknowledge and address workforce trauma while prioritizing staff health, mental health, and wellness. Failure to shift the culture will result in an ongoing exodus of practitioners, leaving insufficient numbers to render safe, cost-effective, efficient, and patient-centered care.

Implications for Case Management Practice:

The case management workforce comprises professional disciplines across health and behavioral health, employed in every setting. The expanding workforce presence has put them at risk of COT. Leadership strategies must shift to acknowledge workforce exposure to occupational trauma, address mental health and wellness, and address professional self-care. This shift is key to mitigating retention, sustainability, and quality challenges.
Patterns of Inflammatory Cell Infiltration and Expression of STAT6 in the Lungs of Patients With COVID-19: An Autopsy Study
Authors: Cao Weibiao , Birkenbach Mark , Chen Sonja
Published: April 2022

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), lymphocyte infiltration in the lungs and a cytokine storm. In this study we examined inflammatory cell infiltrates and the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 in the lungs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods:

Eighteen COVID-19 autopsy cases, 9 non-COVID cases with DAD, and 11 controls without lung diseases were included. Immunostainings for STAT6, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, and broad-spectrum keratins were performed.

Results:

The average age of COVID-19 patients was 64.4±2.1 years. The disease duration was 7 to 53 days. The number of pneumocytes, macrophages or CD3+ T cells was significantly increased in the lungs of patients with COVID-19. Patients’ age above 67 years, blood troponin levels >0.2 ng/mL, platelet count >100×109/L, lung macrophages >130/high-power field (HPF), CD3+ T cells >145/HPF, CD8+ T cells <30/HPF, and CD8/CD4 ratio <1 were associated with shorter survival duration after onset of symptoms. In addition, STAT6 staining was much stronger in pneumocytes and lymphocytes in the lungs of patients with COVID-19 than non-COVID DAD patients or controls.

Conclusion:

Older age, high blood troponin level and platelet count, more macrophages and fewer CD8+ T cells in the lungs of COVID-19 were associated with poorer outcome. STAT6 expression was increased in pneumocytes and lymphocytes in the lungs of patients with COVID-19, implying a role of STAT6 in cytokine storms.
IPV, PrEP, and Medical Mistrust
Authors: Sharpless Laurel , Kershaw Trace , Hatcher Abigail , Alexander Kamila A. , Katague Marina , Phillips Karlye , Willie Tiara C.
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention method for women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). This study aimed to examine (1) relationships between physical, sexual, and psychological IPV and women's PrEP communication with a health care provider and domestic violence advocate; and (2) how IPV-specific medical mistrust modifies the association between IPV and PrEP communication.

Methods:

Data were from 2 studies conducted in Connecticut and Baltimore, MD on adult women experiencing IPV (N = 272). Logistic regressions examined associations between IPV, PrEP communication, and IPV-specific medical mistrust.

Results:

The average age was 25.7. The most common identity was non-Hispanic black (37.1%), followed by non-Hispanic white (33.8%), Hispanic (20.6%), and non-Hispanic another racial group (8.5%). Higher severity of psychological IPV was associated with more embarrassment to initiate a PrEP discussion with a health care provider (P = 0.009) or domestic violence advocate (P = 0.026). However, women with more severe psychological IPV were more willing to accept a PrEP recommendation from a health care provider (P = 0.033) or domestic violence advocate (P = 0.044). IPV-specific medical mistrust modified the association between physical IPV and willingness to accept a PrEP recommendation by a domestic violence advocate, such that women with physical IPV were significantly less likely to accept a PrEP recommendation by a domestic violence advocate, but only for women with high IPV-specific medical mistrust (P = 0.021).

Conclusions:

PrEP initiation among women experiencing IPV may be strengthened by addressing and dismantling systems that perpetuate IPV-specific medical mistrust and stigma against IPV survivors.
Cognitive and Physiologic Reserve Independently Relate to Superior Neurocognitive Abilities in Adults Aging With HIV
Authors: Saloner Rowan , Lobo Judith D. , Paolillo Emily W. , Campbell Laura M. , Letendre Scott L. , Cherner Mariana , Grant Igor , Heaton Robert K. , Ellis Ronald J. , Moore David J. ,   for the CHARTER Study Group
Published: April 2022

Background:

To investigate joint contributions of cognitive and physiologic reserve to neurocognitive SuperAging in older persons with HIV (PWH).

Methods:

Participants included 396 older PWH (age range: 50–69 years) who completed cross-sectional neuropsychological and neuromedical evaluations. Using published criteria, participants exhibiting global neurocognition within normative expectations of healthy 25-year-olds were classified as SuperAgers (SA; n = 57). Cognitively normal (CN; n = 172) and impaired (n = 167) participants were classified with chronological age-based norms. Cognitive reserve was operationalized with an estimate of premorbid verbal intelligence, and physiologic reserve was operationalized with a cumulative index of 39 general and HIV-specific health variables. Analysis of variance with confirmatory multinomial logistic regression examined linear and quadratic effects of cognitive and physiologic reserve on SA status, adjusting for chronological age, depression, and race/ethnicity.

Results:

Univariably, SA exhibited significantly higher cognitive and physiologic reserve compared with CN and cognitively impaired (ds ≥ 0.38, ps < 0.05). Both reserve factors independently predicted SA status in multinomial logistic regression; higher physiologic reserve predicted linear increases in odds of SA, and higher cognitive reserve predicted a quadratic “J-shaped” change in odds of SA compared with CN (ie, odds of SA > CN only above 35th percentile of cognitive reserve).

Conclusions:

Each reserve factor uniquely related to SA status, which supports the construct validity of our SA criteria and suggests cognitive and physiologic reserve reflect nonoverlapping pathways of neuroprotection in HIV. Incorporation of proxy markers of reserve in clinical practice may improve characterization of age-related cognitive risk and resilience among older PWH, even among PWH without overt neurocognitive impairment.
Efficacy of a multiple-component and multifactorial personalized fall prevention program in a mixed population of community-dwelling older adults with stroke, Parkinson’s disease, or frailty compared to usual care: The PRE.C.I.S.A. Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: La Porta Fabio , Lullini Giada , Caselli Serena , Valzania Franco , Mussi Chiara , Tedeschi Claudio , Pioli Giulio , Bondavalli Massimo , Bertolotti Marco , Banchelli Federico , D’Amico Roberto , Vicini Roberto , Puglisi Silvia , Clerici Pierina Viviana , Chiari Lorenzo ,   the PRECISA Group
Published: April 2022

Background

Fall risk in the elderly is a major public health issue due to the injury-related consequences and the risk of associated long-term disability. However, the delivery of preventive interventions in usual clinical practice still represents a challenge.

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of a multiple-component combined with a multifactorial personalized intervention in reducing fall rates in a mixed population of community-dwelling elderly, compared to usual care.

Design

Randomized Controlled Trial (NCT03592420,clinicaltrials.gov). Setting: Outpatients in two Italian centers.

Population

403 community-dwelling elderly at moderate-to-high fall risk, including subjects with Parkinson’s Disease and stroke.

Methods

After the randomization, the described interventions were administered to the intervention group (n=203). The control group (n=200) received usual care and recommendations to minimize fall risk factors. Each participant received a fall diary and was followed by 12 monthly phone calls. The primary endpoint was the number of falls in each group over 12 months. The secondary endpoints were other fall-related indicators recorded at 12 months. Participants’ functioning was assessed at baseline (T1) and 3-month (T3).

Results

690 falls were reported at 12 months, 48.8% in the intervention and 51.2% in the control group, with 1.66 (± 3.5) and 1.77 (± 3.2) mean falls per subject, respectively. Subjects with ≥ 1 fall were 236 (58.6%) and with ≥2 falls 148 (36.7%). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding the number of falls, the falling probability, and the time to the first fall. According to the subgroup analysis, no significant differences were reported. A statistically significant difference was found for the Mini-BESTest (p=0.004) and the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (p=0.006) for the intervention group, with a small effect size (Cohen’s d 0.26 and 0.32, respectively), at T1 and T3 evaluations.

Conclusions

The intervention was ineffective in reducing the number of falls, the falling probability, and the time to the first fall at 12 months in a mixed population of community-dwelling elderly. A significant improvement for two balance indicators was recorded in the intervention group. Future studies are needed to explore different effects of the proposed interventions to reduce falls and consequences.
Neighbouring modifications interfere with the detection of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein at Serine 129: Revisiting the specificity of pS129 antibodies
Authors: Lashuel Hilal A. , Mahul-Mellier Anne-Laure , Novello Salvatore , Hegde Ramanath Narayana , Jasiqi Yllza , Altay Melek Firat , Donzelli Sonia , DeGuire Sean M. , Burai Ritwik , Magalhães Pedro , Chiki Anass , Ricci Jonathan , Boussouf Manel , Sadek Ahmed , Stoops Erik , Iseli Christian , Guex Nicolas
Published: April 2022

Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) within Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites, and other pathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease and synucleinopathies have consistently been shown to accumulate in aggregated and phosphorylated forms of the protein, predominantly at Serine 129 (S129). Antibodies against phosphorylated S129 (pS129) have emerged as the primary tools to investigate, monitor, and quantify aSyn pathology in the brain and peripheral tissues. However, most of the antibodies and immunoassays aimed at detecting pS129-aSyn were developed based on the assumption that neighbouring post-translational modifications (PTMs) either do not co-occur with pS129 or do not influence its detection. Herein, we demonstrate that the co-occurrence of multiple pathology-associated C-terminal PTMs (e.g., phosphorylation at Tyrosine 125 or truncation at residue 133 or 135) differentially influences the detection of pS129-aSyn species by pS129-aSyn antibodies. These observations prompted us to systematically reassess the specificity of the most commonly used pS129 antibodies against monomeric and aggregated forms of pS129-aSyn in mouse brain slices, primary neurons, mammalian cells and seeding models of aSyn pathology formation. We identified two antibodies that are insensitive to pS129 neighbouring PTMs. However, consistent with previous reports, most pS129 antibodies showed cross-reactivity towards other proteins and often detected low and high molecular weight bands in aSyn knock-out samples that could be easily mistaken for monomeric or High Molecular Weight aggregates of aSyn. Our observations suggest that the pS129 antibodies do not capture the biochemical and morphological diversity of aSyn pathology. They also underscore the need for more specific pS129 antibodies, more thorough characterization and validation of existing antibodies, and the use of the appropriate protein standards and controls in future studies.
A neuromodulatory model for determining the effect of emotion-respiration-cognition coupling on the time-to-respond
Authors: Yonekura Shogo , Cueto Julius , Kanazawa Hoshinori , Atsumi Noritoshi , Hirabayashi Satoko , Iwamoto Masami , Kuniyoshi Yasuo
Published: April 2022

Respiration and emotional stimuli modulate cognitive ability and the reaction time to generate bodily movement. To understand mechanisms for emotion-respiration-cognition coupling, first, we considered a schematic feed-forward neural network, in which neurons was biased by respiratory-relevant sensory input and the activation function of a neuron was modulated by a neuromodulator, such as norepinephrine (NE). Furthermore, we assumed that the neural model received a stimulus input and generated a response action upon the activity of the output neuron exceeding a certain threshold. Time-to-respond (TTR) was equivalently modulated by the intensity of the input bias and the neuromodulator strength for small action execution threshold; however, it was dominantly modulated by only the neuromodulator for high threshold. Second, we implemented a comprehensive model comprising a cardio-respiration relevant neuromechanical-gas system, a respiratory central pattern generator (CPG), NE dynamics to modulate neurocognitive dynamics, and a locus coeruleus (LC) circuit, which was the primary nucleus for controlling NE. The LC neurons received pCO2 or synaptic current from an inspiratory neurons, which resulted in shortened TTR by a stimulus input during inhalation. By contrast, upon receiving pulmonary stretch information, the TTR was shortened by a stimulus input during exhalation. In humans, TTR is shortened when a fear-related stimulus is presented during inhalation, and likewise, TTR is weakly-shortened when surprise-related stimulus is presented during exhalation. Hence, we conclude that emotional stimuli in humans may switch the gating strategies of information and the inflow to LC to change the attention or behavior strategy.
A metabolic labeling-based chemoproteomic platform unravels the physiological roles of choline metabolites
Authors: Dixit Aditi , Jose Gregor P. , Shanbhag Chitra , Tagad Nitin , Kalia Jeet
Published: April 2022

Choline is an essential nutrient for mammalian cells. Our understanding of the cellular functions of choline and its metabolites, independent of their roles as choline lipid metabolism intermediates, remains limited. In addition to fundamental cellular physiology, this knowledge has implications for cancer biology because elevated choline metabolite levels are a hallmark of cancer. Here, we establish the mammalian choline metabolite-interacting proteome by utilizing a photocrosslinkable choline probe. To design this probe, we performed metabolic labeling experiments with structurally diverse choline analogs that resulted in the serendipitous discovery of a choline lipid headgroup remodeling mechanism involving sequential dealkylation and methylation steps. We demonstrate that phosphocholine inhibits the binding of one of the proteins identified, the attractive anticancer target, p32, to its endogenous ligands and to the promising p32-targeting anticancer agent, Lyp-1. Our results reveal that choline metabolites play vital roles in cellular physiology by serving as modulators of protein function.
PIEZO1-dependent erythrocyte dehydration as the mechanism for selection of an allele protecting from severe malaria
Authors: Glushakova Svetlana , Bezrukov Ludmila , Waters Hang , Kegawa Yuto , Blank Paul S. , Zimmerberg Joshua
Published: April 2022

PIEZO1 is a cation specific mechanoreceptor channel implicated in red blood cell (RBC) volume homeostasis. Several PIEZO1 gain of function (GoF) variants demonstrate delayed channel inactivation and can cause hereditary xerocytosis (HX), a disease characterized by hemolytic anemia, RBC dehydration, and shape distortion. The milder PIEZO1E756del GoF variant, prevalent in populations of African descent, protects carriers from severe malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and ameliorate disease in a rodent malaria model. To explore the mechanism of this malaria protection, P. falciparum infection of human PIEZO1E756del RBC was analyzed in shear-stressed and static cultures with and without Yoda1, a PIEZO1 agonist. RBC dehydration was a common pathophysiological factor affecting parasite replication in both culture conditions. PIEZO1 channel opening by either Yoda1 or shear stress produced dehydration-dependent cell hemolysis, inhibiting P. falciparum infection. Since the physiological activator of PIEZO1 in circulating RBC is shear stress, we propose that shear stress-induced dehydration, disproportionally affecting RBC of GoF PIEZO1 E756del carriers, makes erythrocytes less habitable for P. falciparum to the point of hemolysis, and thus ameliorates malaria in GoF PIEZO1E756del carriers. More generally, RBC dehydration processes may be a pathway for protection from the severe form of malaria common to several hematological disorders, including sickle cell trait.

Key points

PIEZO1E756del activation in African American donor RBC provokes dehydration-dependent cell hemolysis, impairing P. falciparum replication.

RBC dehydration could be a malaria ameliorating factor in several known RBC hematological disorders, including sickle cell trait.
Raising and Maintaining Xenopus tropicalis from Tadpole to Adult
Authors: Lane Maura , Slocum Michael , Khokha Mustafa K.
Published: April 2022

Xenopus tropicalis is a powerful model organism for cell and developmental biology research. Recently, precise gene-editing methods such as CRISPR–Cas9 have allowed facile creation of mutants. The ability to raise and maintain lines of wild-type and mutant animals through all life stages is thus critical for researchers using this model organism. The long fertile life (>8–10 yr) and relatively hardy nature of X. tropicalis makes this a straightforward process. Environmental parameters such as water temperature, pH, and conductivity often vary slightly among husbandry protocols. However, the stability of these variables is essential for rearing success. This protocol describes conditions to optimally raise and maintain X. tropicalis from embryos to adulthood.
Impact of the radius of double pancake windings on the electromagnetic behavior of high temperature superconducting transformer
Authors: Attar Hamed , Moradnouri Ahmad , Mirghaforian Reza , Hekmati Arsalan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

It has constantly been important to investigate the distribution of magnetic fields in high temperature superconducting (HTS) transformers because the high magnetic field applied to the HTS tapes reduces the critical current and increases the ac losses. The purpose of this study is investigation of the impact of the radius of double pancake windings on the electromagnetic behavior of HTS transformer. In this paper, by changing the radius of the windings in a step-by-step manner in two modes, the electromagnetic behaviors in double pancakes (DPs) of a single-phase HTS transformer have been investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper a 15.4 kVA single-phase HTS transformer has been designed and simulated using the finite element method, using COMSOL multiphysics software. The effect of changing the radius of the low-voltage (LV) and high-voltage (HV) windings on the electromagnetic parameters such as distribution of circulating currents and magnetic field in the LV DP windings has been investigated.

Findings

According to the results, by increasing the radius of the LV winding, the electromagnetic behavior of the highest and lowest DPs becomes highly undesirable, while in other DPs, it becomes desirable. The same thing happens by increasing the radius of the LV and HV windings, but with much less intensity. Therefore, according to Ce, the most optimal case is when the two windings (HV and LV) are close to each other and to the core, and if the radius needs to be increased, it is better to increase the radius of both windings.

Originality/value

For the first time, the impact of the radius of DP windings on the electromagnetic behavior of HTS transformer has been investigated.
Entrepreneurship education effectiveness: does personality matter?
Authors: Tsaknis Panagiotis A. , Sahinidis Alexandros G. , Vassiliou Evangelos E.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the personality traits that are responsible for changes in entrepreneurial intention levels following an entrepreneurship education course.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a questionnaire-based survey employing a pretest-posttest group design. The first questionnaire was completed at the beginning of a university-level entrepreneurship course and a repeat one at the end of a semesterly course. A total of 315 university students from a Business School faculty of Business Administration participated voluntarily in the survey and completed both questionnaires.

Findings

Our findings indicate that specific personality traits (namely, Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Risk Aversion) can cause statistically significant changes in entrepreneurial intention levels upon the completion of the entrepreneurship course.

Research limitations/implications

It would be interesting to examine more characteristics of the sample such as gender, age, prior working experience, and parent’s employment type, among other variables. The results of this study should also be compared across ethnic groups, before drawing more generalizable conclusions. Additionally, with regard to personality, we tried to explain only changes in entrepreneurial intention, whereas many studies proposed an approach combining variables, such as the triad of elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Perceived behavioral control, Social Norms and Personal attitude toward entrepreneurship).

Practical implications

The findings of this study can be useful to public and private organizations, employees, policy makers, teachers, students, and governments in designing tailor-made entrepreneurship programs and to identify the individuals, who could benefit from entrepreneurship education.

Originality/value

The studies examining the role personality traits play in entrepreneurship education effectiveness, regarding entrepreneurial intention, are scant. This research is making an attempt to add to the knowledge gap existing to date on this issue.
Exaptive innovation in constraint-based environments: lessons from COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Sedita Silvia Rita , Blasi Silvia , Ganzaroli Andrea
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper explores how exaptive innovation process might be considered a useful innovation model in constraint-based environments. Through an in-depth case study, it illustrates clearly the antecedents of exaptation processes, which are particularly relevant in rapidly changing environments requiring new solutions under time and resource constraints.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopt a single case study approach that is particularly suitable in case of an inductive research design, which is required because of the novelty of the topic. The research is inspired by the use of the snorkeling mask EASYBREATH, commercialized by the giant Decathlon, as a medical device, a respirator to treat patients affected by coronavirus in Italy. The authors organized the evidence according to a novel taxonomy grounded in the literature.

Findings

The case study stimulates reflections on the existence of some antecedents to the exaptive innovation process in constraint-based environments: (1) the availability of specific actors in the innovation process; (2) the creation of platforms of interaction between people with different competences, nurtured by collective bottom-up financing systems; (3) the role of the community of makers, in particular, and of the 4th industrial revolution, in general, for creating enabling technologies; (4) multidisciplinary individual background of key actors in the innovation process is crucial to ensure the exaptive path to be in place.

Research limitations/implications

This work has some limitations, due to the choice of limiting the analysis to a single case, nevertheless, it offers a first glance on a new technological trajectory available in constraint-based environments.

Originality/value

The case study results underline the importance of new digital collaboration platforms as knowledge multipliers, and illuminate on the potential of the fourth manufacturing revolution, which, through new technologies, creates opportunities for distributed forms of innovation that cross long distances.
How visual attention to social media cues impacts visit intention and liking expectation for restaurants
Authors: Simonetti Aline , Bigne Enrique
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how social media (TripAdvisor) content influences restaurant visit intentions and liking expectations, how online review valence affect the viewing behavior of the social media page and which social media elements capture the initial attention of the consumer.

Findings

The pictures posted by firms and opinions posted by users attracted consumers’ attention. However, in the negative valence condition, participants needed to expand upon the content by reading additional (and more detailed) online reviews with specific cues, revisited the content more often and more closely fixated on specific online ratings. Moreover, the picture of the restaurant was the first area seen (reflecting a bottom-up process) and the third-party ad tended to be viewed last (reflecting selective attention).

Research limitations/implications

All social media elements are seen but only some affect decisions, with negatively (vs positively) valenced reviews requiring consideration of an extra element. Of relevance to managers, this study stresses the importance of the pictorial element and the influence of user-generated content on the attention and judgment of consumers.

Originality/value

This study suggests that, to form an opinion, viewers devote more cognitive effort and attention when evaluating restaurants with negatively (vs positively) valenced reviews. However, viewing patterns appear unaffected by review valence. It also demonstrates how consumers pay attention to different social media elements.
Motivations for engaging in PPP power projects in Ghana: comparison of the public and private sectors
Authors: Kukah Augustine Senanu Komla , Badu Edward , Owusu-Manu De-Graft , Edwards David John
Published: April 2022

Purpose

In the past few years, the public–private partnership (PPP) model has become increasingly popular in the infrastructure projects of developing countries, especially in the power sector. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the motivations for engaging in PPP power projects in Ghana by comparing the public and private sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

Questionnaires were used to elicit responses from respondents using a two-round Delphi survey. Mean score ranking was used to rank the motivation factors, while reliability analysis was conducted using Cronbach alpha coefficient, and level of agreement was tested using Kendall’s concordance. One-sample t-test assessed the relative significance of these motivation factors.

Findings

For the public sector, the topmost motivations were achieving improved value for money; access to additional capital; increased certainty of projects; greater efficiency of project delivery services; and improved ability to deliver new infrastructure. For the private sector, the topmost motivations were obtaining of investment support; improvement in private sector’s international image; synergy with public sector; sharing of risks; and gaining of profits.

Practical implications

The findings of this study will lead to increased knowledge on the motivation factors for the public and private sectors engaging in PPP power projects in Ghana.

Originality/value

The output of this research contributes to the checklist of motivation factors for engaging in PPP power projects and contributes to the development of PPP practice.
Reframing positive leadership within the context of Australian not-for-profit organisations
Authors: Muchiri Michael K. , Gamage Ancy , Samad Ataus
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to integrate the extant literature on the impact of positive leadership on organisational outcomes within the Australian not-for-profit (NFP) organisations, identifies existing gaps in the literature and proposes a framework capturing feasible pathways for future research on positive leadership in NFP organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a systematic review of the existing literature on positive leadership and external/environmental factors and organisational values as applied to Australian NFP organisations mainly based on journal articles.

Findings

This paper proposes a plausible conceptual framework postulating how Australian NFP organisations could attain superior performance outcomes when there is a perfect alignment between positive forms of leadership, external/environmental factors and organisational values. We explain the conceptual framework through testable research propositions explaining interrelationships between positive leadership, external/environmental factors, organisational values and organisational performance.

Research limitations/implications

The review focused on two positive forms of leadership (i.e. transformational and servant) and could benefit by including other closely related leadership styles and behaviours (like authentic and ethical leadership). In addition to the positivist paradigm and quantitative approach adopted by this paper, interpretative and critical paradigms and related qualitative approaches may also lend themselves well to exposing pertinent issues and relationships that have not been imagined before in the under-researched NFP sector.

Practical implications

Leaders within NFP organisations need to understand when and how to align positive forms of leadership, external/environmental factors and organisational values to maximise limited resources available to Australian NFP organisations.

Originality/value

This systematic review adds to the limited literature exploring the impact of positive forms of leadership within Australian NFP organisations. The proposed framework offers unique insights into the relationships between positive forms of leadership, external/environmental factors, organisational values and organisational performance.
Investor personality as a predictor of investment intention – mediating role of overconfidence bias and financial literacy
Authors: Jain Riidhi , Sharma Dipasha , Behl Abhishek , Tiwari Aviral Kumar
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of personality traits (PTs) of individual investors on their investment intention (II). Further, to study the mediating role of overconfidence (OC) bias and financial literacy (FL) on the relationship between PTs and II.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study uses the quantitative approach for the data collection from the sample of 327 Indian investors investing in the stock market. The questionnaire was divided into segments to assess the investor’s PTs, OC, FL and II. The PT has been measured using the Big Five Personality Traits. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the reliability and validity of the constructs. The hypothesis was tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Findings of the study show that the PTs of an individual investor are associated with FL and II but insignificant with OC bias. Further, the FL and OC bias have a positive and significant influence on II. In addition, the mediation analysis showed that FL partly mediates the relationship between PTs and II.

Practical implications

The present study is helpful for financial companies, government, personal finance advisors and individual investors; they can keep in mind the behavior-related traits that can influence the investment decisions and design the portfolio accordingly. The policy-makers can implement programs on FL to enhance investment decisions in India.

Originality/value

This paper is unique that covers the mediating role of psychological bias, i.e. OC bias and FL, between the PTs and II of an Indian investor.
Orchestrating in the entrepreneurial ecosystem – orchestrator roles and role-specific capabilities in the regional health technology ecosystem
Authors: Tabas Abdollah Mohammadparast , Nätti Satu , Komulainen Hanna
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to define orchestrator roles and related orchestration capabilities in the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) to understand how companies (especially small and medium-sized enterprises and startups) could benefit from the surrounding ecosystem to develop their business.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative case study of the regional ecosystem built around health technology is researched to get an in-depth understanding of the orchestration roles taken by actors in the ecosystem and, likewise, related bundles of orchestrator role-specific capabilities.

Findings

Altogether, eight roles and related orchestration capabilities are defined. First, “opinion leaders,” “business facilitators” and “regulation informants” provide resources for participants. Second, “relationship promoters,” “coordinators” and “commanders” create prerequisites for collaboration. Finally, “integrators” and “complementors” help to create concrete offerings. The roles taken can be simultaneous, and they are in constant change as positions and resources of actors change.

Research limitations/implications

Theoretically, this study contributes to the existing EE and orchestration capability research by studying orchestrator roles and related capabilities in the context of an entrepreneurial health tech ecosystem, a phenomenon that has not received sufficient research attention yet.

Practical implications

Managers will be able to use the lessons learned from this study in understanding, using and developing their capabilities, positions and activities in the network. For policymakers, understanding EE reality and dynamics is useful when developing policies for regional growth, likewise in constructing and developing industrial ecosystems to support entrepreneurship in the region.

Originality/value

The study provides novel in-depth knowledge of orchestration in regional, EEs. It complements the currently dominating conceptual research and brings a micro-level perspective that has mostly been lacking in EE studies.
Nonlinear effects of mobility on COVID-19 in the US: targeted lockdowns based on income and poverty
Authors: Yilmazkuday Hakan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper investigates nonlinearities in the relationship between mobility and COVID-19 cases or deaths based on demographic or socioeconomic characteristics, with a special focus on income and poverty.

Design/methodology/approach

The formal analysis is achieved by using county-level daily data from the US, where a difference-in-difference design is employed. Nonlinearities in the relationship between mobility and COVID-19 cases or deaths are investigated by regressing weekly percentage changes in COVID-19 cases or deaths on mobility measures, where county fixed effects and daily fixed effects are controlled for. The main innovation is achieved by distinguishing between the coefficients in front of mobility measures across US counties based on their demographic or socioeconomic characteristics.

Findings

The results suggest that the positive effects of mobility on COVID-19 cases increase with poverty, per capita income, commuting time or population, whereas they decrease with health insurance or grandparents responsible for grandchildren.

Originality/value

Important policy implications follow regarding where mobility restrictions would work better to fight against COVID-19 through targeted lockdowns.
Women admitted to forensic psychiatry in Flanders (Belgium): who are they?
Authors: De Varé Jan , de Vogel Vivienne , de Decker An , Tremmery Sabine , Uzieblo Kasia , Cappon Leen
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Despite the rising number of females in forensic psychiatry, research about their characteristics remains limited and is currently lacking in Belgium. Optimizing knowledge about the characteristics of these women will lead to a better understanding of this specific group. Therefore, the aim of the study was to gain insight into the characteristics of female forensic psychiatric patients in Flanders, Belgium.

Design/methodology/approach

A case file study was carried out in the forensic psychiatric hospital Sint-Jan-Baptist in Zelzate, Belgium. The files of female patients admitted in the period 2006–2017 were analysed (N = 82) based on a checklist including sociodemographic, mental health care and offence-related characteristics as well as historical risk factors.

Findings

The study revealed that female patients have been confronted with a large number of adverse experiences during both childhood and adulthood, were frequently diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and usually had an extensive mental health treatment history with many drop-outs. The majority of the female patients had committed violent offences towards relatives.

Practical implications

These findings are similar to those of other jurisdictions and highlight the importance of a gender-responsive treatment. This kind of treatment should include trauma-informed care, gender-sensitive risk-assessment and adapted versions of dialectical behavioural therapy and schema-focussed therapy. Additionally, treatment should focus on breaking the intergenerational transmission of violence and mental health problems by targeting parenting skills.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that scientifically scrutinized the detailed characteristics of female forensic psychiatric patients in Flanders, Belgium. Recommendations for gender-responsive treatment and directions for future research are discussed.
Autoantibodies in COVID‐19 correlate with antiviral humoral responses and distinct immune signatures
Authors: Taeschler Patrick , Cervia Carlo , Zurbuchen Yves , Hasler Sara , Pou Christian , Tan Ziyang , Adamo Sarah , Raeber Miro E. , Bächli Esther , Rudiger Alain , Stüssi‐Helbling Melina , Huber Lars C. , Brodin Petter , Nilsson Jakob , Probst‐Müller Elsbeth , Boyman Onur
Published: April 2022

Background

Several autoimmune features occur during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), with possible implications for disease course, immunity, and autoimmune pathology. In this study, we longitudinally screened for clinically relevant systemic autoantibodies to assess their prevalence, temporal trajectory, and association with immunity, comorbidities, and severity of COVID‐19.

Methods

We performed highly sensitive indirect immunofluorescence assays to detect antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), along with serum proteomics and virome‐wide serological profiling in a multicentric cohort of 175 COVID‐19 patients followed up to 1 year after infection, eleven vaccinated individuals, and 41 unexposed controls.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, similar prevalence and patterns of ANA were present in patients during acute COVID‐19 and recovery. However, the paired analysis revealed a subgroup of patients with transient presence of certain ANA patterns during acute COVID‐19. Furthermore, patients with severe COVID‐19 exhibited a high prevalence of ANCA during acute disease. These autoantibodies were quantitatively associated with higher SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody titers in COVID‐19 patients and in vaccinated individuals, thus linking autoantibody production to increased antigen‐specific humoral responses. Notably, the qualitative breadth of antibodies cross‐reactive with other coronaviruses was comparable in ANA‐positive and ANA‐negative individuals during acute COVID‐19. In autoantibody‐positive patients, multiparametric characterization demonstrated an inflammatory signature during acute COVID‐19 and alterations of the B‐cell compartment after recovery.

Conclusion

Highly sensitive indirect immunofluorescence assays revealed transient autoantibody production during acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, while the presence of autoantibodies in COVID‐19 patients correlated with increased antiviral humoral immune responses and inflammatory immune signatures.
Letter: serum growth differentiation factor 15 predicts hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence after hepatitis C virus elimination—authors' reply
Authors: Myojin Yuta , Hikita Hayato , Tahata Yuki , Doi Akira , Kato Seiya , Sasaki Yoichi , Shirai Kumiko , Sakane Sadatsugu , Yamada Ryoko , Kodama Takahiro , Hagiwara Hideki , Imai Yasuharu , Hiramatsu Naoki , Tamura Shinji , Yamamoto Keiji , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Hijioka Taizo , Fukui Hiroyuki , Doi Yoshinori , Yamada Yukinori , Yakushijin Takayuki , Mita Eiji , Sakamori Ryotaro , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Myojin.et al’s paper. To view this article, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16691 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16834
Letter: inflammatory bowel disease services during the Covid‐19 pandemic ‐ authors' reply
Authors: Deputy Mohammed , Hart Ailsa , Faiz Omar
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Deputy et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16800 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16841