bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring pest mitigation research and management associated with the global wood packaging supply chain: What and where are the weak links?
Authors: Greenwood Leigh F. , Coyle David R. , Guerrero María E. , Hernández Gustavo , MacQuarrie Chris J. K. , Trejo Oscar , Noseworthy Meghan K.
Published: May 2023

Global trade continues to increase in volume, speed, geographic scope, diversity of goods, and types of conveyances, which has resulted in a parallel increase in both quantity and types of pathways available for plant pests to move via trade. Wood packaging material (WPM) such as dunnage, pallets, crates, and spools, is an integral part of the global supply chain due to its function in containing, protecting, and supporting the movement of traded commodities. The use of untreated solid wood for WPM introduces the risk of wood boring and wood-infesting organisms into the supply chain, while the handling and storage conditions of treated WPM presents risk of post-treatment contamination by surface-adhering or sheltering pests. The wood-boring and -infesting pest risks intrinsic to the solid wood packaging pathway were addressed in the 2002 adoption and 2009 revision of ISPM 15, which was first implemented in 2005–2006 in North America. Although this global initiative has been widely implemented, some pest movement still occurs due to a combination of factors including; fraud, use of untreated material, insufficient- or incomplete- treatment, and post-treatment contamination. Here we examine the forest-to-recycling production and utilization chain for wood packaging material with respect to the dynamics of wood-infesting and contaminating pest incidence within the environments of the international supply chain and provide opportunities for improvements in pest risk reduction. We detail and discuss each step of the chain, the current systems in place, and regulatory environments. We discuss knowledge gaps, research opportunities and recommendations for improvements for each step. This big picture perspective allows for a full system review of where new or improved pest risk management strategies could be explored to improve our current knowledge and regulations.
A systems approach to biosecurity pays off: a case study investigating introduction pathways and interceptions of non-indigenous species at a biosecurity border
Authors: Kachigunda Barbara , Coupland Grey T. , Mengersen Kerrie , Perera Devindri I. , van der Merwe Johann , McKirdy Simon
Published: May 2023

Introduction pathway studies generally describe the diverse routes by which non-indigenous species (NIS) can be introduced but rarely consider multiple introduction pathways occurring simultaneously. In this study, multiple pathways of NIS introduction were investigated during an industrial development on a remote island off the Australian coast. Fifteen introduction pathways were categorized in association with importing locality and the type of cargo they transported. The number and types of detection events for each introduction pathway were recorded during biosecurity inspections, cargo clearances, and surveillance conducted between 2009 and 2015. In total, more than 600,000 biosecurity inspections were completed, with 5,328 border detection events recorded constituting less than 1% of the biosecurity inspections. The border inspection events were classified as animals, plant material, soil, and organic matter, with 60% identified as dead or non-viable and 40% as alive. Of those detections, 2153 were classified as NIS, consisting of 659 identified species. Live NIS detected at the border constituted only 2% of the detections. Cargo vessel and inward-bound passenger numbers peaked during the major construction period and were associated with an increase in the number of live NIS detections. All introduction pathways have complexities, unique structural aspects, and niche areas that supported NIS in surviving the effects of treatment and evading detection during the mandatory compliance inspection. This study highlights that biosecurity incursions can be minimized if a systems approach is adopted to complement traditional and other biosecurity surveillance measures.
Two level deacidification mathematical model for the description of transport of solid alkaline particles and diffusion of ions in a treated acid paper
Authors: Danielik Vladimír , Králik Milan , Ambrová Marta , Jurišová Jana , Jablonský Michal , Vizárová Katarína , Vajová Izabela
Published: May 2023

Industrial progress in papermaking in the early nineteenth century led to the technologies that resulted in more acidic papers, which was caused mainly by the exploitation of alum (KAl(SO4)2) and rosin as sizing agents. The papers prepared by such technologies have degraded more quickly. From the 1930s various deacidification and preservation processes with basic agents have been developed. The most widespread deacidification process is with the aerosol (spray system) consisting of microscale particles MgO and perfluoroheptane (PFH) as a carrier (the so-called Bookkeeper process). The shortcomings of this process are the low dissolution of solid MgO particles and the transport to the interior of acidic paper. We have developed a theoretical two-level model of the Bookkeeper process suitable for prediction of deacidification extent. The model involves both the dissolution/reaction of the solid particles and transport of solvated ions and solid particles inside the bulk of paper. The developed model coincides with the results of the performed deacidification experiment. The model is also in good agreement with the Lucas–Washburn equation, which is usually used for the description of the penetration of a deacidifying agent into the paper.
Trends and hot spots of coastal science in Moroccan Atlantic coast: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Rhomad Hanane , Khalil Karima , Elkalay Khalid
Published: May 2023

Despite the growing focus in coastal conservation practice toward scientific evidence-based decision-making, there remains a need for enhancing knowledge management and its implication in coastal management planning. In this review manuscript, bibliometric analysis in conjunction with network analysis is used to describe qualitatively and quantitatively the progress, trends and hot spots of coastal science in Moroccan Atlantic coast. In total, 4891 publications from 1971 to May 2021 were collected. The performance of publication covering annual outputs, document types, language of publication, mainstream journals, the impact of the research by research area, coastal habitat type and study area were investigated.

Thereafter, co-word, co-authorship, co-country analysis and cluster analysis were conducted using VOSviewer software. The findings underscore a clear disparity in the research evolution. 52% of the total publications were produced between 2011 and 2021. 80% of them were published as journal articles. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science was the most active journal. Behind Morocco, France and Spain researchers have made the main contributions to this research area. 75% of publications have been limited to the coastlines and lagoons. In contrast, habitats such dayas and oasis have received little attention. Hydrobiology and ecology have being gradually deepened. The analysis also revealed a significant research bias against the south–central coastline, the regions of Moroccan Atlantic that have a high research need. This analysis suggests that future scientific effort on Moroccan Atlantic coastal ecosystems should relieve existing biases by increasing multidisciplinary integrated system research and encouraging inter-regional transfer of research resources to areas of low research effort, with a special emphasis on the critical research ecosystems in the southern coastline. Finally, some key recommendations were raised for strengthening the implementation of knowledge management within the concept of sustainable coastal management.
Factors Affecting the Fire Safety Design of Photovoltaic Installations Under Performance-Based Regulations in Norway
Authors: Olsø Brynhild Garberg , Stølen Reidar , Mikalsen Ragni Fjellgaard , Bunkholt Nora Schjøth , Friquin Kathinka Leikanger , Hjertnes Jostein
Published: May 2023

The impact of Photovoltaic (PV) installations on the fire safety of buildings must be considered in all building projects where such energy systems are established. The holistic fire safety of the building largely depends on how the fire safety of the PV installation is considered by the different actors during the design and construction process. Research has therefore been undertaken to study how performance-based regulations in combination with the lack of national guidelines affect the overall fire safety considerations for PV installations in Norway. Four factors were found to govern to which extent PV installations are emphasised in the fire safety design phase: (1) whether the building was first of its kind as a pioneering building, (2) whether the building was built before or after the publication of the 2018 revision of the norm NEK 400, (3) The level of knowledge and experience of the fire safety consultant, which in turn affects the use of performance-based engineering tools and the level of detailing in the design and construction phases, and (4) The degree of integration in the building. The main goal of the study is to give an insight and a contribution to the development of in-depth knowledge on how fire safety design for PV installations on buildings is handled in Norway, which may also be relevant to other countries with similar performance-based regulations.
Left atrium decompression devices across the spectrum of ejection fraction in heart failure: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Basile Christian , Paolillo Stefania , Gargiulo Paola , Marzano Federica , Dellegrottaglie Santo , Abbate Vincenza , Ambrosio Antonio , Carbone Francesca , Dell’Aversana Simona , Esposito Immacolata , Fierro Maria Francesca , Perrone-Filardi Pasquale
Published: May 2023

Background

In patients affected by heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), pharmacological treatments have been proven to alleviate symptoms and improve prognosis, while no treatment other than sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors have demonstrated significant effects in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Left atrium decompression devices (LADd) have been recently investigated as a new interventional approach in patients with HFpEF.

Objectives

To assess the efficacy of LADd on soft endpoints in HF patients across the spectrum of ejection fraction.

Methods

PubMed and Web of Science were searched without restrictions from inception to 28 May 2022 to identify valuable articles. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The prespecified main outcomes were the change from baseline in 6-min walking distance (6MWD), NYHA class and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Secondary outcomes were reduction in HF hospitalizations, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic parameters.

Results

Eleven studies, with a total of 547 patients, were included. LADd significantly improved 6MWD by 43.95 m (95% CI 29.64–58.26 m), decreased NYHA class by 0.93 (95% CI 1.20–0.67), and improved HRQoL questionnaire by 20.45 points (95% CI 13.77–27.14) with better results for all outcomes in patients with lower EFs.

Conclusion

The present meta-analysis suggests that LADd are favorable in improving 6MWD, NYHA class, and HRQoL in HF across a wide spectrum of ejection fraction, with better outcomes in patients with lower EFs.

Trial registration

CRD42022336077, URL:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=336077.
Fostering an Interdisciplinary Campus Community: Faculty Hiring Committee-Work as Successful Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Authors: Pryor Kim Nelson , Steinberg Laura J.
Published: May 2023

In modern higher education, nurturing successful interdisciplinary collaboration is both an institutional priority and a grand organizational and cultural challenge. Recent scholarship describes the many and varied challenges inherent in the enactment of interdisciplinarity; it also explores how these challenges can be mitigated to spur successful interdisciplinary engagement. While much attention has been focused on interdisciplinary scholarship and pedagogy, might interdisciplinary service collaborations also play a role? This qualitative case study probes a particular type of interdisciplinary collaboration—a cross-disciplinary committee convened to hire interdisciplinary faculty members. Using interview and observational data to uncover the lived experiences of committee members across campus at one U.S.-based R1 institution, this study explores service-work as a potential site of positive experience and successful interdisciplinary collaboration. Illuminated by the Shared Cognitive-Emotional-Interactive (SCEI) platform for interdisciplinary research collaboration by Boix Mansilla et al. (2016), findings reveal myriad positive outcomes tied to faculty’s service participation, probe the multifaceted reasons that faculty choose to participate, and explore how they experience this work. Analysis also uncovers limited cognitive yet significant emotional and interactive markers of and factors that facilitate a successful interdisciplinary collaborative process. Evidence of these markers and factors serves to “reframe” interdisciplinary service as an instance of successful interdisciplinary collaboration, a site of faculty learning and a context that fosters campus connections among faculty. In uncovering these benefits of interdisciplinary collaborative service, this work suggests ways in which it may serve as a missing link to build and strengthen an interdisciplinary campus community.
Predominant Antibody Deficiency and Risk of Microscopic Colitis: a Nationwide Case–Control Study in Sweden
Authors: DiGiacomo Daniel V. , Roelstraete Bjorn , Hammarström Lennart , Farmer Jocelyn R. , Khalili Hamed , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: May 2023

Purpose 

Predominant antibody deficiency (PAD) disorders, including common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), have been linked to increased risk of gastrointestinal infections and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, there are limited data on the relationship between PAD, specifically CVID, and risk of microscopic colitis (MC).

Methods

We performed a nationwide case–control study of Swedish adults with MC diagnosed between 1997 and 2017 (n = 13,651). Data on biopsy-verified MC were retrieved from all of Sweden’s pathology departments through the Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden (ESPRESSO) study. We defined predominant antibody deficiency using International Union of Immunologic Societies (IUIS) phenotypic classification. Individuals with MC were matched to population controls by age, sex, calendar year, and county. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

The prevalence of PAD in MC was 0.4% as compared to 0.05% in controls. After adjustment for potential confounders, this corresponded to an aOR of 7.29 (95%CI 4.64–11.63). The magnitude of the association was higher for CVID (aOR 21.01, 95% 5.48–137.44) compared to other antibody deficiencies (aOR 6.16, 95% CI 3.79–10.14). In exploratory analyses, the association between PAD and MC was particularly strong among males (aOR 31.73, 95% CI 10.82–135.04).

Conclusion

In this population-based study, predominant antibody deficiency was associated with increased risk of MC, particularly among males. Clinicians who encounter these patients should consider a detailed infectious history and screening for antibody deficiency.
Evaluation of the accuracy of oscillometric non-invasive blood pressure measurement at the ankle in children during general anesthesia
Authors: Gamal Reham M , Mostafa Maha , Hasanin Ahmed M , Khedr Suzan Adlan , Abdelgalil Ahmed Salah , Elshal Mamdouh Mahmoud
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of oscillometric blood pressure measurement at the ankle in children using invasive blood pressure as reference standard. This prospective observational study included children undergoing noncardiac surgery. Paired radial invasive and ankle non-invasive blood pressure measurements were obtained. Delta blood pressure was calculated as the difference between two consecutive readings. The primary outcome was the mean bias and agreement between the two methods using the Bland-Altman analysis. The ISO standard was fulfilled if the mean bias between the two methods was ≤ 5 ± 8 mmHg. Other outcomes included the trending ability of ankle blood pressure using the four-quadrant plot and the accuracy of ankle measurement to detect hypotension using area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. We analyzed 683 paired readings from 86 children. The mean bias between the two methods for systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure (SBP, DBP, MAP) was − 7.2 ± 10.7, 4.5 ± 12.8, and − 1.8 ± 8.2 mmHg, respectively. The concordance rate of ankle blood pressure was 72%, 71%, and 77% for delta SBP, DBP and MAP, respectively. The AUC (95% confidence interval) for ankle MAP ability to detect hypotension was 0.91 (0.89–0.93) with negative predictive value of 100% at cut-off value ≤ 70 mmHg, We concluded that in pediatric population undergoing noncardiac surgery, ankle blood pressure was not interchangeable with the corresponding invasive readings with the ankle MAP having the least bias compared to SBP and DBP. An ankle MAP > 70 mmHg can exclude hypotension with negative predictive value of 100%.
Molecular mechanisms of the metal oxide sol-gel process and their application in approaches to thermodynamically challenging complex oxide materials
Authors: Kessler Vadim G. , Seisenbaeva Gulaim A.
Published: May 2023

This review presents a brief overview of recent insights into general reaction pathways in sol-gel synthesis of metal oxides. Metal-based sol-gel precursors display kinetically unhindered reactivity, combining high reaction speed with reversibility on a molecular level. The process producing metal oxide sols can thus be described as nucleation of an oxide phase with growth option efficiently precluded by extremely low solubility. The emerging nuclei are essentially Polyoxometalate (POM) species, with sizes in the colloid range starting from about 2 nm. They are stabilized in solution by colloid forces (charge interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces), defined by the nature and arrangement of species on their surface, which permits them to be denoted as Micelles Templated by Self-Assembly of Ligands (MTSALs). The sol-gel transition occurs on aggregation of particles resulting in percolation. Exploiting this mechanism, it is possible to produce materials with controlled porosity, biocompatibility, and even to access thermodynamically challenging phases that cannot be produced by conventional synthetic techniques.

Graphical Abstract
Inter-Generational Differences in Perinatal Health Behaviours: A Secondary Analysis of the Born in Bradford Cohort, Disentangling Ethnicity and Migration
Authors: Marvin-Dowle Katie , Soltani Hora
Published: May 2023

Objectives

There exists a body of research regarding ethnic differences in perinatal health whereas this is not the case concerning the role of migration status and acculturation in attenuating these differences. This study aims to investigate determinants of health during pregnancy up to one-year postpartum by migration status.

Methods

The study utilises data collected by the Born in Bradford cohort. The focus of analysis was migration status groupings, based on self-reported country of birth of participants and their parents and grandparents. Chi-Square, one-way ANOVA and correlation coefficients examined relationships between variables.

Results

Migrant women were less likely to smoke (native: 34.4%, 1st generation: 2.8%, 2nd generation: 8.6%) or to be obese (native: 25.5%, 1st generation: 17.4%, 2nd generation: 21.3%) compared to native women. Migrants were less physically active at 6 months (Mean (SD) minutes/week: native 265 (245), 1st generation 113 (162), 2nd generation 147 (182)) with larger increases in BMI over time compared to native women. Migrant women were more likely to be suffering psychological distress at baseline and 6 months postpartum and migrant families were more likely to live in areas of high socio-economic deprivation, despite higher levels of educational attainment.

Conclusions for Practice

This study ethnicity and migration identifies some important differences between ethnic groups with different migration histories, therefore indicating that healthcare professionals should consider eliciting full migration histories to improve care. The impact of these differences on perinatal outcomes is a priority for future research.
Automated assessment of pen and paper tests using computer vision
Authors: Jocovic Vladimir , Marinkovic Milan , Stojanovic Sasa , Nikolic Bosko
Published: May 2023

Computer vision is one of the artificial intelligence’s most challenging fields, enabling computers to interpret, analyse and derive meaningful information from the visual world. There are various utilizations of computer vision algorithms, and most of them, from simpler to more complicated, have an object and shape recognition in common. Traditional pen and paper tests are designed in a pre-established format and consist of numerous basic shapes, which designate the important parts of the test itself. With that in mind, many computer vision applications regarding pen and paper tests arise as an opportunity. Massive courses and large schooling organizations mostly conduct their exams in paper format and assess them manually, which imposes a significant burden on the teaching staff. Any kind of automatization that will facilitate the grading process is highly desirable. Hence, an automated answer recognition system in assessment was developed to mitigate the problems above. The system uses images of scanned test pages obtained from the test scanning process and performs the necessary image manipulation steps to increase target recognition accuracy. Further, it manages to identify regions of interest containing multiple-choice questions and contours. Finally, the system verifies obtained results using the knowledge of the whereabouts of the test template regions of interest.
Incidence of clinically relevant psychiatric symptoms during glioblastoma treatment: an exploratory study
Authors: Regli L. K. P. , Huijs S. M. H. , Pasmans R. C. O. S. , Leue C. , Dijkstra J. B. , Eekers D. B. P. , Hovinga K. E. , Anten M. H. M. E. , Hoeben A. , Broen M. P. G.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

In addition to neurological symptoms glioblastoma (GBM) patients can experience psychiatric complaints, which are often hard to recognize and difficult to treat. Research on psychiatric symptoms during glioblastoma treatment is limited, but can have significant impact on quality of life, treatment processes and even survival. The aim of this study is to explore the incidence of clinically relevant psychiatric symptoms, during glioblastoma treatment and active surveillance.

Methods

Medical records of 302 GBM patients were reviewed from diagnostic surgery until discontinuation of treatment or active surveillance. Clinical relevance was defined as psychiatric symptoms that interfered with the oncological treatment and required referral to a psychiatrist. “Referred” versus “non-referred” GBM patients were compared using the Pearson Chi-Square test, Fisher’s Exact Test or Mann Whitney-U test.

Results

Psychiatric symptoms occurred in 11.5% of patients during glioblastoma treatment or active surveillance, most often mood or behavioral symptoms, followed by psychotic symptoms. Referral occurred mainly during concomitant chemoradiation or adjuvant chemotherapy (64.3%). In 28.6% of patients psychiatric symptoms were thought to be attributive to medication. Treatment was discontinued in 17.9% of patients and temporarily interrupted in 3.6%. Possible risk factors included male gender, history of psychiatric disorder, postoperative delirium, non-frontal tumor location, anti-epileptic drug use at baseline and corticosteroid initiation during treatment.

Conclusion

The found incidence of 11.5% and the high number of patients discontinuing treatment due to psychiatric symptoms justify more research in this, to date, understudied topic in scientific literature. Further prospective studies are needed to identify risk factors and unravel possible effects on survival.
Do civilian complaints against police get punished?
Authors: DeAngelo Gregory , Gomies Matthew , Romaniuc Rustam
Published: May 2023

Law enforcement institutions are tasked with a complicated undertaking that involves maintaining community safety and, at times, making arrests while exercising care in their interaction with private citizens. Errors may have dramatic consequences for civilians, police and the criminal justice system. Given limited observability of law enforcement agents’ behavior, one way to mitigate the principal-agent problem is to rely on signals from civilians via complaints. At the same time, civilian complaints may result in reputational and financial losses for the criminal justice institutions. This paper empirically investigates one way in which criminal justice institutions respond to civilian complaints. Namely, criminal prosecutors can upcharge a defendant who files a civil complaint against law enforcement. By upcharging, the prosecutor can increase the likelihood that a defendant will accept a plea deal, thus preventing the defendant from seeking monetary damages in civil court (Heck vs. Humphrey, 1994). Using data on citizen complaints and criminal charge outcomes from Cook County (Illinois), we find a strong causal link between a citizen filing a complaint and the total number of charges filed.
Towards an adiposity-related disease framework for the diagnosis and management of obesities
Authors: Perdomo Carolina M. , Avilés-Olmos Icíar , Dicker Dror , Frühbeck Gema
Published: May 2023

Obesity is a complex disease that relapses frequently and associates with multiple complications that comprise a worldwide health priority because of its rising prevalence and association with numerous complications, including metabolic disorders, mechanic pathologies, and cancer, among others. Noteworthy, excess adiposity is accompanied by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and subsequent organ dysfunction. This dysfunctional adipose tissue is initially stored in the visceral depot, overflowing subsequently to produce lipotoxicity in ectopic depots like liver, heart, muscle, and pancreas, among others. People living with obesity need a diagnostic approach that considers an exhaustive pathophysiology and complications assessment. Thus, it is essential to warrant a holistic diagnosis and management that guarantees an adequate health status, and quality of life. The present review summarizes the different complications associated with obesity, at the same time, we aim to fostering a novel framework that enhances a patient-centered approach to obesity management in the precision medicine era.
A pedagogy of freedom as a viable basis for implementing gender equality in Ukraine’s educational institutions
Authors: Rastrygina Alla , Ivanenko Nadiya
Published: May 2023

In the state policies of European Union (EU) member countries, gender issues have become one of the main priorities since the 1990s, and independent Ukraine and Ukrainian non-governmental organisations have also gradually joined this agenda. Over the past three decades, Ukraine has engaged in efforts to restructure its educational institutions and processes on the basis of democratic principles free from any form of discrimination, including gender-related discrimination. These efforts have been promoted through joint projects with UN Women and other international organisations. While gender equality improvement strategies are now reflected in Ukrainian legislation, they are not yet fully implemented on the ground. In the context of presenting their concept of a pedagogy of freedom as a viable basis for the implementation of gender equality in Ukraine’s educational institutions, the authors analyse research literature devoted to addressing freedom and gender equality in educational policies. They conclude that individual learners’ free self-determination, self-development and self-realisation can only be an effective factor in realising gender equality if pedagogical activity and learning spaces are designed to support the development of learners’ full potential.
Literacy: A lever for citizenship?
Authors: Robinson-Pant Anna
Published: May 2023

Within citizenship education, literacy is often promoted in a narrow functional sense of skills for civic engagement or is used synonymously with “knowledge” to refer to an awareness-raising process around rights. Through an analysis of evolving models of citizenship, this article moves beyond literacy for citizenship to consider the ways in which literacy learning can emerge through active citizenship. Drawing on published ethnographic studies of literacy in everyday life to analyse both the symbolic and instrumental meanings of literacy in specific contexts, the author introduces a social practice lens on literacy and citizenship. She explores the pedagogical implications for literacy within citizenship education, particularly in relation to informal learning of “real literacies”, critical digital literacy to distinguish “fake news” and literature as a way of entering someone else’s experiences. UNESCO’s current vision for global citizenship education as nurturing empathy and understanding between peoples implies that literacy providers need to recognise participants as not only consumers, but as co-constructors of texts.
Identifying and managing data quality requirements: a design science study in the field of automated driving
Authors: Pradhan Shameer Kumar , Heyn Hans-Martin , Knauss Eric
Published: May 2023

Good data quality is crucial for any data-driven system’s effective and safe operation. For critical safety systems, the significance of data quality is even higher since incorrect or low-quality data may cause fatal faults. However, there are challenges in identifying and managing data quality. In particular, there is no accepted process to define and continuously test data quality concerning what is necessary for operating the system. This lack is problematic because even safety-critical systems become increasingly dependent on data. Here, we propose a Candidate Framework for Data Quality Assessment and Maintenance (CaFDaQAM) to systematically manage data quality and related requirements based on design science research. The framework is constructed based on an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) case study. The study is based on empirical data from a literature review, focus groups, and design workshops. The proposed framework consists of four components: a Data Quality Workflow, a List of Data Quality Challenges, a List of Data Quality Attributes, and Solution Candidates. Together, the components act as tools for data quality assessment and maintenance. The candidate framework and its components were validated in a focus group.
Measurement of three-dimensional shrinkage deformations and volumes of stabilised soft clay during drying with Structure from Motion photogrammetry
Authors: Li Zhong-Sen , Korkiala-Tanttu Leena , Sołowski Wojciech
Published: May 2023

The paper applies the Structure from Motion photogrammetry technique to measure three-dimensional shrinkage deformations of a cylindrical specimen during drying. A clay–binder mixture was statically compacted, and its shrinkage behaviour was observed for four weeks with a newly established photogrammetric system. The complete surface information including XYZ coordinates and RGB values was then reconstructed and formed into dense point cloud data, with which the volume change and shrinkage deformations are computed. In volume change determination, the reconstructed dense point cloud achieves a fine reproduction of the specimen surface, leading to satisfactory accuracy. The computed volume deviation was within 495.3 mm3 (0.24%) and 4170 mm3 (1.83%) for the dummy cylinder and clay specimen, respectively. Both values are significantly smaller than the volume deviations computed with a classical approach that involves artificially creating markers on the specimen surface. In the computation of shrinkage deformations, the paper proposes a novel method that detects the fast point feature histogram of the point clouds and then matches the detected descriptors, leading to an improvement in three-dimensional deformation determination. The compacted sample shrinks, and the computed axial deformations increase quasi-linearly with height. However, due to the noticeable tilt that occurred during drying, the calculated radial deformations are scattered at the same height and appear misleading. Circumferential deformations and strains are therefore adopted to represent the true material behaviour.
Der Einfluss der Tagespflege auf die kindliche Entwicklung
Authors: Brosch Hanna , Heisig Katharina , Zierow Larissa
Published: May 2023

Diese Studie untersucht den kurzfristigen Einfluss der Tagespflege auf die kindliche Entwicklung im Vergleich zur Betreuung in der Kita. Internationale Studien deuten darauf hin, dass der Besuch einer Tagespflege im Vergleich zur Kita eher negative Auswirkungen auf Kinder hat. Mithilfe der Neugeborenen-Kohorte des NEPS können wir evaluieren, ob dies auch im deutschen Kontext gilt. Wir nutzen zwei verschiedene methodische Ansätze, um den Effekt der Tagespflege zu schätzen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Tagespflege für die Mehrzahl der untersuchten Entwicklungsindikatoren keinen statistisch signifikant schlechteren Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung hat, außer im Bereich der Habituation.
Dietary change and land use change: assessing preventable climate and biodiversity damage due to meat consumption in Germany
Authors: Hentschl Moritz , Michalke Amelie , Pieper Maximilian , Gaugler Tobias , Stoll-Kleemann Susanne
Published: May 2023

Land use change (LUC) is responsible for a large share of the emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) and is a major driver of global biodiversity loss. Although much of the global LUC-related CO2 emissions and biodiversity loss occur in tropical countries, the actual drivers of this LUC can be located in the global North, particularly through the import of large quantities of agricultural commodities. The aim of this study is to quantify and monetize the LUC-related impacts of the consumption of animal-based food products in Germany and subsequently explore the potential benefits of transitioning to diets with lower dependence on animal-based products. We calculate the LUC-related impacts of consumption of animal-based products in Germany through a modeling approach that combines models for land balance, emissions, and physical trade. We determine the LUC-related CO2 emissions of this consumption, as well as the deforested area and associated impacts on biodiversity loss. Following the true cost accounting approach (TCA), the LUC-related impacts are monetized to estimate the external costs of the German consumption of animal-based products. Our results show that the consumption of these products is responsible for the deforestation of 16.4 kha annually in the period between 2013 and 2016. Out of the six analyzed animal-based product groups, the largest shares of deforestation are associated with milk (35%) and pork (33%) consumption. However, beef meat consumption has the highest relative LUC-related CO2 emissions at 0.75 tCO2 per ton. The LUC-related externalities of the German meat-based product consumption incur annually societal costs of EUR 1.1 billion (plus EUR 0.5 billion for biodiversity loss). The results also show that the animal-based products imported in Germany have only slightly higher LUC-related CO2 emissions than those produced within Germany. Overall, there is a great urgency for policy measures and shifts in consumer behavior to ensure that the consumption of animal-based products in Germany does not have unacceptably high negative sustainability impacts.
Investigation of the altered influence of physical stress by the use of ergonomically optimized forging tongs
Authors: Schellenberg David , Kriwall Mareile , Stonis Malte , Behrens Bernd-Arno
Published: May 2023

Work-related illnesses and the resulting employee absences can have a major impact on productivity and competitiveness, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises. Particularly in the forging industry, the manual handling of forged parts leads to high physical stress and thus to frequent illnesses of the musculoskeletal system, especially of the hand-arm system. One possibility to counteract this circumstance is the use of ergonomic forging tongs. In the study presented here, the influence of ergonomic forging tongs on the physical stress of forging employees was investigated by simulation and experiment and compared to conventional forging tongs. Within the simulation and the experimental investigation, forging parts and forging tongs were varied. In the simulation, an ergonomics assessment of the forging situation could be evaluated using the Ergonomic Assessment Worksheet. In the experimental study, gripping force measurements and calorie measurements were used to determine the impact of handling the forging tongs on the forging employees. The results show that the use of the new ergonomically optimized forging tongs can lead to a significant physical relief for the forging employees. The knowledge gained from the ergonomically developed concepts can also be transferred in other industries.
Evaluation of Fasting and Probiotics in Reducing Postweaning Stress in Rabbits: Study of their Effects on Biochemical and Gene expression Patterns
Authors: Abou-Hashim Fatma , Khalifa Walaa H. , Shalaby Mohamed B. , Kassem Salwa M. , Khalil Wagdy K. B.
Published: May 2023

Postweaning stress in mammalian in vivo models leads to significant oxidative stress in the body as well as inducing hormonal disturbance. In this study, we assessed progressive alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which at high levels can show oxidative stress, in addition to oxidative damage to the DNA structure of rabbits. Different groups of rabbits were fasted for 48 h per week for 3 weeks, fed a commercial diet with probiotics added (200 mg of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis), and fasted while being treated with probiotics. The results showed that weaning induced a significant elevation in oxidative stress markers, such as the ROS-related genes malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) and flavin-containing monooxygenase 2 (FMO2), DNA damage, and hormonal disturbance. However, probiotic treatment resulted in significant decreases in the levels of malondialdehyde, cortisol, and triiodothyronine (T3); DNA damage; and apoptosis, as well as changes in the expression of ROS-related genes. On the other hand, supplementation with probiotics reduced these postweaning stress signs in fasted animal models by elevating the genes encoding catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as increasing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione–s-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, and thyroxin (T4) levels. The results suggest that supplementation with probiotics accompanied by a fasting program could decrease oxidative stress, ROS genes, and genomic DNA damage and improve the hormonal status that is induced by postweaning stress in mammalian in vivo models.
Schulabsentismus im Zeichen gesellschaftlicher Strukturen
Authors: Richter Martina , Schweitzer Helmuth , Wittfeld Meike
Published: May 2023

Wenn Kinder und Jugendliche in Deutschland die Schule nicht besuchen, werden die Gründe hierfür häufig individuell bei ihnen selbst und/oder ihren Eltern gesucht. Mit dem vorliegenden Schwerpunkt soll der Blick geweitet werden, und es soll gezeigt werden, dass es gerade auch die strukturellen Zusammenhänge sind, die Schulabsentismus als Phänomen im Kontext gesellschaftlicher Verhältnisse hervorbringen. Erst diese Sichtweise kann zeigen, wie Kinder, Jugendliche und ihre Eltern, aber auch Lehrer_innen und sozialpädagogische Fachkräfte in diese Strukturen eingewoben und welche Handlungsalternativen für die Beteiligten möglich sind.
Application of Anaerobic Co-digestion of Brewery by-Products for Biomethane and Bioenergy Production in a Biorefinery Concept
Authors: Sganzerla William Gustavo , Tena Miriam , Sillero Leonor , Magrini Flaviane Eva , Sophiatti Igor Vinicius Machado , Gaio Juliano , Paesi Suelen , Forster-Carneiro Tânia , Solera Rosario , Perez Montserrat
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of brewery by-products for biomethane and bioenergy recovery, focusing on operational performance evaluation, kinetic analysis, microbial metataxonomic, and metabolic function prediction. The biochemical methane potential was conducted under mesophilic (35 °C) and methanogenic conditions (pH 7.5) by mixing brewery wastewater and sludge from the brewery wastewater treatment plant (1:1, v/v), following the addition (2.5 – 12.5 %, w/v) of brewer’s spent grains (BSG). The results demonstrate that the highest methane yield (88.02 mL CH4/g TVS) was obtained with 12.5 % BSG, which was 20.66-fold higher than the control reactor operated with wastewater and sludge (4.26 mL CH4/g TVS). The bioenergy recovery from biomethane could generate electricity (0.348 kWh/kg TVS) and heat (1556 MJ/kg TVS), avoiding greenhouse gas emissions (0.114 kg CO2-eq/kg TVS). The microbial community dynamics revealed a predominance of Halobacterota, Chloroflexi, and Euryarchaeota phylum. The genera Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium, and the Anaerolineaceae family predominated in the AcoD process. The metabolic function prediction showed the presence of genes (K01895, K00193, K00625, and K00925) associated with the direct activation of acetate in the acetoclastic pathway and methane production. Finally, the data obtained provide a perspective on using brewery by-products for bioenergy production in a biorefinery concept, reducing the environmental impacts and contributing to the circular bioeconomy transition of the beer industry.

Graphical abstract
Norm Estimates for the $$\bar{\partial }$$-Equation on a Non-reduced Space
Authors: Andersson Mats , Lärkäng Richard
Published: May 2023

We study norm-estimates for the $$\bar{\partial }$$

∂

¯

-equation on non-reduced analytic spaces. Our main result is that on a non-reduced analytic space, which is Cohen–Macaulay and whose underlying reduced space is smooth, the $$\bar{\partial }$$

∂

¯

-equation for (0, 1)-forms can be solved with $$L^p$$

L
p

-estimates.
Integrable Generators of Lie Algebras of Vector Fields on $$\textrm{SL}_2(\mathbb {C})$$ and on $$xy = z^2$$
Authors: Andrist Rafael B.
Published: May 2023

For the special linear group $$\textrm{SL}_2(\mathbb {C})$$

SL
2

(
C
)

and for the singular quadratic Danielewski surface $$x y = z^2$$

x
y
=

z
2

we give explicitly a finite number of complete polynomial vector fields that generate the Lie algebra of all polynomial vector fields on them. Moreover, we give three unipotent one-parameter subgroups that generate a subgroup of algebraic automorphisms acting infinitely transitively on $$x y = z^2$$

x
y
=

z
2

.
Impact of Tank Restoration Programme (Mission Kakatiya) on Groundwater Regime, Telangana State, India: A Case Study from Stressed Hard Rock Aquifers
Authors: Madhnure Pandith , Jyothi Kumar P. , Ramesh M. , Lavanya B. , Sultana Hafsa
Published: May 2023

In 2015, to enhance the development of agriculture-based income of small and marginal farmers through sustainable irrigation sources, restoration of 27,472 tanks on massive scale was initiated by the Government of Telangana with people’s participation. Ground water department monitored water levels and water quality of 172 wells identified from 9 overstressed watersheds in the state and studied the impact of tank restoration on groundwater regime for 6 years. Well hydrographs of monitoring wells reflect a rising trend of 0.80 m/year to 2.87 m/ year in different watersheds with an average of 1.27 m/year. The trends have demonstrated an 19% more rise (average) in the influence zone as compared to the wells in non-influence zone. A significant improvement in groundwater quality in the influence zone was observed as the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3-) decreased in the range of 5.8 to 91.1 mg/l/year (average, 7.7 mg/l/year); 1.4 to 33.1 mg/l/year (average, 5.3 mg/l/year) and 0.9 to 16.9 mg/l/year (average, 3.6 mg/l/year) respectively, while the bicarbonate ( HCO3-) showed significant increasing trend ranging from 1.3 to 47.2 mg/l/year (average, 16.6 mg/l/year). HCO3-/ Cl- ratios suggest more freshening of groundwater in tank influence zones than in non-influence zones. The tank restoration programme increased groundwater storage and thus provided an increase in land and agricultural productivity. It is recommended to bring policy initiatives for taking up such massive tank restoration programmes in similar geo-environments by involving people at the village level, to sustain the long-term positive impact and to address the water requirements of people all over the country.
Diurnal and Seasonal Variation in Morphology and Elemental Composition of Particulate Matters
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Bharti Sushil Kumar , Kumar Narendra
Published: May 2023

In the present study, diurnal and seasonal variations of atmospheric particulate matters (PMs) were estimated in urban and rural areas of Lucknow. The monitoring of PM10 and PM2.5 was conducted at Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (BBAU) and Mohanlalganj, Lucknow, during the winter (WNTR) and summer (SMR). The PM10 levels during the day* and night** time were found to be in the range of 192-256 (223 ± 23)*, 244-306 (268 ± 25)** and 171-193 (182 ± 7)*, 199-240 (214 ± 15)**, while PM2.5 was 117-151 (131 ± 12)*, 113-153 (135 ± 14)**, and 94-116 (107 ± 10)*, 108-125 (118 ± 6)** μg/m3 at the BBAU and Mohanlalganj locations, respectively. During night-time (NT), the mass concentration of PM10-2.5 pollutants were found to be higher than day-time (DT) at both locations. The levels of PM10-2.5 were higher during WNTR than SMR season at each location probably due to prevailing meteorological conditions. The levels of atmospheric PMs at the BBAU location were higher than at the Mohanlalganj site. The morphology and elemental compositions (ECs) of particulates revealed rod, spherical and irregular shape particles having biogenic, carbonaceous, aluminosilicates and variable components. The morphological features (MFs) of PM10-25 pollutants exhibited distinct variation during DT and NT. Both times (DT and NT) carbonaceous particles were found at BBAU, whereas calcium-rich/asbestos/cement particles were present during DT and fly ash was abundant in NT at Mohanlalganj. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of PM10-2.5 revealed the presence of inorganics (silica, silicate, sulphate and particulate water) and organics (aliphatic/carbonyl carbons) functional groups which are geogenic and anthropogenic in origin.