bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riparian Vegetation and Digitized Channel Variable Changes After Stream Impoundment
Authors: Martinez Adriana E. , Adeyemo Ayomipo E. , Walther Suzanne C.
Published: October 2017

Following stream impoundment, rivers respond via changes in sediment dynamics, channel morphology, and vegetation distribution. Such changes have occurred along the Provo River, Utah, located within the Intermountain West of the U.S. Jordanelle Dam was built on the Provo River in 1992 after the majority of dam construction in the United States and therefore allows for a large-scale GIS analysis using aerial photographs, available before and after construction. To evaluate the effects of the dam, this study examines reach scale channel changes with respect to vegetation distribution and species richness. Post-impoundment, the authors find that channels downstream of the dam have become more stable, allowing for vegetation colonization, as exhibited in land cover changes from bare soil to grass. This results in greater species richness owing to colonization of a more stable riparian zone, ultimately changing habitat conditions. Identifying and understanding the impacts of the Jordanelle Dam on vegetation is necessary for protection of this valued ecosystem as rapid development continues.
A New Dynamic Cyber Defense Framework
Authors: Chen Jim Q.
Published: October 2017

Current approaches in cyber defense are flawed as they are fortress-based and generally static in nature. They are not flexible in dealing with variations of attacks, especially zero-day attacks. To address this issue, researchers have looked into dynamic cyber defense. However, the available approaches are either only about high-level strategies or only about specific tactics. There is no integrated approach that brings both levels together in a systematic way. This research article intends to address this challenge by proposing a new dynamic cyber defense framework that is systematic and cohesive, and that integrates strategic, operational, and tactical levels. It improves the research in dynamic cyber defense by employing game-changing elements such as a contextual analysis system and an intelligent decision-making system.
Study on an Information System Integration Scheme of Enterprises Based on RFID Technology with SOA
Authors: Wei Ning , Jiang Dao , Si Chunfeng
Published: October 2017

Radio frequency identification(RFID) is high technology, which can rapidly and real-timely acquisition information and accurately deal with information. And it has broad application prospects in retail, logistics, transport and other fields. Service oriented architecture(SOA) is a service-oriented architecture, which is used to design and realize the loose coupling software. For the existing shortcomings of current enterprise information system integration, the RFID technology and SOA are introduced into system integration in order to propose a new enterprise information system integration scheme in this paper. In the proposed system integration scheme, the middleware uses the business documents as the carrier of data exchange among other enterprise application systems, and the data stream technology is used to filter and package RFID data. The rule parsing technology is used to control the business processes. The SOA is used to realize the loose coupling and integration of RFID data event and application system, and deal with the configuration of the components. At the same time, .NET Remoting technology is used to realize the distribution architecture of middleware in order to ensure the deployment flexibility of middleware. The applied cases of a demonstrative application system, blood management and traceability system are used to illustrate its feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed integration scheme. The enterprise information system integration scheme provides an effective solution for system integration between different enterprises or internal enterprises. It can solve the compatibility between different application systems, and takes on the higher service efficiency, less CPU average occupation and better average response time. This study provides a stable and effective solution for information sharing between enterprises, improves the work efficiency and reduces the whole work management capital, and continuously improves the informatization level of the enterprises.
Designing an Information Infrastructure for Policy Integration of Spatial Planning and Flood Risk Management
Authors: Ran Jing , Nedovic-Budic Zorica
Published: October 2017

The policy integration of spatial planning and flood risk management is a promising approach to mitigate flooding. Scholars indicate that the absence of appropriate information base and technological capacity is among the factors impeding this integration. This study found that what needs to be improved is the access to geographic information and geographic technologies by individual policy makers, rather than the ownership of such resources by one organisation as a whole. Based on this finding, we designed the goals and functions for a Spatially Integrated Policy Infrastructure (SIPI) which shares not only geographic information but also models and analysis tools. A prototype of SIPI was also developed as an illustration of the selected functions of this SIPI. The design of SIPI is consistent with other frontier studies and projects in the field of GIS and planning. The development process also provides experience for future studies and development of infrastructures that aim at supporting policy integration.
Clustering-Based Color Image Segmentation Using Local Maxima
Authors: Anbarasan Kalaivani , Chitrakala S.
Published: October 2017

Color image segmentation has contributed significantly to image analysis and retrieval of relevant images. Color image segmentation helps the end user subdivide user input images into unique homogenous regions of similar pixels, based on pixel property. The success of image analysis is largely owing to the reliability of segmentation. The automatic segmentation of a color image into accurate regions without over-segmentation is a tedious task. Our paper focuses on segmenting color images automatically into multiple regions accurately, based on the local maxima of the GLCM texture property, with pixels spatially clustered into identical regions. A novel Clustering-based Image Segmentation using Local Maxima (CBIS-LM) method is presented. Our proposed approach generates reliable, accurate and non-overlapping multiple regions for the given user input image. The segmented regions can be automatically annotated with distinct labels which, in turn, help retrieve relevant images based on image semantics.
An Efficient Kinetic Range Query for One Dimensional Axis Parallel Segments
Authors: Hema T. , Easwarakumar K. S.
Published: October 2017

We present a kinetic data structure named Kinetic Interval Graph (KI-Graph) for performing efficient range search on moving one dimensional axis-parallel segments. This finds applications in Artificial Intelligence such as robotic motion. The structure requires O(n) storage. The time taken per update when a critical event occurs is O (1) thereby improving responsiveness when compared to the kinetic segment trees, while the overall updates across all segments at a time instance is at most n/2. Also, range query is performed efficiently in θ (k) time, where k segments are reported.
Formal Analysis of Virtual Machine Migration and Identification of Faults
Authors: Majhi Santosh Kumar , Dhal Sunil Kumar
Published: October 2017

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) cloud supports flexible and agile execution of applications by creating virtualized execution environment namely, virtual machines (VMs) with on-demand infrastructural resources. In such environment, VM migration is used as a tool to facilitate system maintenance, load balancing and fault tolerance. The use of VM migration is to establish the portfolio of using dynamic and scalable infrastructure services offered by the service providers. In this paper, we study the VM migration process and investigate the potential faults which can occur during migration. Also, the state changes of a VM throughout its lifetime has been systematically analyzed and modeled as concurrent state machines. The potential faults are presented considering the live migration process of VM and accordingly VM state changes. In addition, a methodology for identifying the migration faults has been presented.
Supporting Communities through Social Government in Co-Creation and Co-Production of Public Services
Authors: Wimmer Maria A. , Scherer Sabrina
Published: October 2017

Governments are facing demands towards more transparency, better connectivity and collaboration among different actors in public service provisioning. Their constituencies demand that public services better reflect citizens' needs and social innovation. Integrating Internet, Web 2.0, social media and new concepts of open government and community governance bear tremendous potentials for engaging citizens and businesses in co-creation and co-production of public services and therewith addressing their high expectations. This paper first reviews existing concepts of co-creation and co-production. Subsequently, the Social Government (SocialGov) concept is introduced, which implements new trends of co-creation and co-production of public services in a collaborative environment. In SocialGov, the actors collaborate on the par with one another and the citizens and businesses take over social and public responsibility in their local communities.
Political Ideology and Municipal Size as Incentives for the Implementation and Governance Models of Web 2.0 in Providing Public Services
Authors: Bolívar Manuel Pedro Rodríguez , Muñoz Laura Alcaide
Published: October 2017

The growing participation in social networking sites is altering the nature of social relations and changing the nature of political and public dialogue. This paper aims to contribute to the current debate on Web 2.0 technologies and their implications for local governance, through the identification of the perceptions of policy makers in local governments on the use of Web 2.0 in providing public services (reasons, advantages and risks) and on the change of the roles that these technologies could provoke in interactions between local governments and their stakeholders (governance models). This paper also analyzes whether the municipal size is a main factor that could influence on the policy makers' perceptions regarding these main topics. Findings suggest that policy makers are willing to implement Web 2.0 technologies in providing public services, but preferably under the Bureaucratic model framework, thus retaining a leading role in this implementation. The municipal size is a factor that could influence on policy makers' perceptions.
Digital Cytology as the Tool for Organization of Cytology Online Quality Assurance Programs
Authors: Kldiashvili Ekaterine , Shakulashvili Nikoloz
Published: October 2017

The article aims at evaluating the use of telecytology and laboratory information management system (LIMS) as tools for the implementation of online cytology quality assurance programs under the conditions of Georgia. Five hundred gynecological cytology cases (benign – 350; atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) – 80; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) – 35; high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) - 35) were randomly selected. The randomization has been done by using the Research Randomizer. Digital images were obtained in all cases at a maximum resolution of 2048x1536 pixels. Then, all 500 cases (medical data and images) were uploaded to the LIMS and were labelled “QA”. Diagnosis of glass slides and digital images were made independently in a double-blind manner by three certified cytologists, commencing with the diagnosis of “QA” cases followed by a diagnosis of glass slides four months later. It was found that the diagnoses of “QA” cases correspond with initial diagnoses.
Electroencephalogram Signal Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease Early Detection
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro Miguel , Freitas Diamantino Rui , Teixeira João Paulo , Alves Dílio , Garrett Carolina
Published: October 2017

The World's health systems are now facing a global problem known as Alzheimer's disease (AD) that mainly affects the elderly. The goal of this work is to perform a classification methodology skilled with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to improve the discrimination accuracy amongst patients at AD different stages comparatively to the state-of-art. For that, several study features that characterized the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals “slow-down” were extracted and presented to the ANN entries in order to classify the dataset. The classification results achieved in the present work are promising concerning AD early diagnosis and they show that EEG can be a good tool for AD detection (Controls (C) vs AD: accuracy 95%; C vs Mild-cognitive Impairment (MCI): accuracy 77%; MCI vs AD: accuracy 83%; All vs All: accuracy 90%).
Círculo de cultura como intervenção educativa para promoção da saúde de idosos hipertensos / Culture circle in hypertensive elderly health promotion: experience report
Authors: Machado Ana Larissa Gomes , Borges Fernanda Moura , Silva Ana Zaira Da , Jesus Ana Cristina Pereira de , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Vieira Neiva Francenely Cunha
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: relatar a experiência do Círculo de Cultura como intervenção educativa para promoção da saúde de idosos hipertensos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, a partir de vivência educativa com 60 idosos acompanhados na atenção primária à saúde, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2014. Os dados foram coletados e analisados em três etapas: investigação temática, tematização e problematização, conforme o método de Paulo Freire. Resultados: Relataram-se as dinâmicas e os materiais instrucionais utilizados, com destaque para o protagonismo dos idosos em todas as etapas do Círculo de Cultura, os quais refletiram acerca de suas práticas de saúde e participaram ativamente das atividades propostas. Conclusão: A intervenção educativa em tela mostrou-se eficaz na promoção da saúde dos idosos, ao favorecer sua atuação como sujeito das ações instrucionais e ampliar a sua capacidade de decisão acerca do tratamento, devendo ser integrada ao cuidado de idosos hipertensos na atenção primária.
Investigation of Environmental Conditions Using Artificial Polluted Conditions for Selection of Insulator Material
Authors: Nallusamy S. , Saravanakumar M. , Sathis Kumar B.
Published: October 2017

The aim of this research is to find out suitable material for insulator and their flashover performance to withstand the high pollution degree in different environmental conditions. The experimental investigation was carried out on various insulating material like porcelain, glass, and rubber to find out the artificial effluence to examine alternate current flashover potentials. The result shows that the polluted flashover voltage is affected by equivalent salt deposit density and non soluble deposit density, the authorities of which are autonomous of each one on another. The correction formulae of the flashover voltage of various insulators at various salt deposit density and non soluble deposit density levels have pointed out by means of the flashover voltages examination. Also the dissimilarity existing between the flashover voltages of various types of polluted insulators. From this we are able to conclude which insulating material withstands the pollution degree better amongst the above three.
Experimental Investigation and Study the Effect of Hydro Fluoric Acid in Ultrasonic Machining of Polycarbonate Bullet Proof UL-752 and Acrylic Heat Resistant BS-476 Glass
Authors: Singh Kanwal Jit , Singh Ahuja Inderpreet , Kapoor Jatinder
Published: October 2017

The main objective of this experimental work is to study the effect of Hydro Fluoric acid in ultrasonic machining of polycarbonate bullet proof UL-752 and Acrylic Heat resistant BS 476 Glass. In which, mixture of abrasive particle are also used as the input machining parameter. Three types of abrasive; Alumina, Silicon Carbide and Boron Carbide are used for machining. Experiment has been performed with 8mm of high carbon high chromium tool steel (D2), high carbon steel (HCS) and high speed tool steel (HSS) tools. The material removal rate was father enhanced by HF acid. The experimentation date represent the main effect plots for tool wear rate and material removal rate. After analysis, results reveals that Al2O3+SiC+B2C mixed slurry (1:1:1), Hydro Fluoric acid with 1% concentration and High Speed tool Steel material produce the higher material removal affect.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Exchanges for a Desert House Type ADRAR
Authors: Oudrane Abdellatif , Aour Benaoumeur
Published: October 2017

The main objective of this work is to study the thermal exchanges in a habitable enclosure located in a desert region of Algeria (Adrar). This latter is considered as an air volume of parallelepiped shape limited by horizontal and vertical flat walls. The walls are the only capacitive elements of the enclosure. They are thermally coupled by convection and radiation and are the seat of conductive flux. The external facades of the enclosure are the seat of a convective flux with the external air and radiative exchanges with the environment (ground and sky). Openings (cracks, sealing defects, infiltration orifices, renewal orifices, etc.) allow the air to circulate inside the habitable enclosure and between the inside and the outside. Thermal exchanges are studied using the balance equations established at each wall of the enclosure. These equations have been discretized by an implicit finite difference method. The systems of algebraic equations thus obtained have been solved by the Gauss algorithm using the nodal method. The effects of the outdoor ambient temperature, the density of the incident solar flux on the facades and the orientation of the habitable enclosure in the meridian plane on the temperature distributions of the internal walls and the filled air in the enclosure havec been analyzed on the basis of recent climate data measured at the ADRAR Saharan Renewable Energy Research Unit. An analysis of the evolution of the internal ambient temperature as a function of the wind exposure factor of the heated space and of the degree of leaktightness of the doors and windows was also carried out at the end of this work. An acceptable agreement was found between the numerical results and those measured by the radiometric station. Moreover, the results obtained show that the building material used in this region causes undesirable overheating due to its thermal inertia.
A Review of Vertical Farming Technology: A Guide for Implementation of Building Integrated Agriculture in Cities
Authors: Kalantari Fatemeh , Mohd Tahir Osman , Mahmoudi Lahijani Ahmad , Kalantari Shahaboddin
Published: October 2017

Recently, the application of Vertical Farming into cities has increased. Vertical farming is a cultivating vegetable vertically by new agricultural methods, which combines the design of building and farms all together in a high-rise building inside the cities. This technology needs to be manifest both in the agricultural technique and architectural technology together, however, little has been published on the technology of Vertical Farming. In this study, technology as one of the important factor of Vertical farming is discussed and reviewed by qualitative approach. In the first, identifying existing and future VF projects in Europe, Asia, and America from 2009 to 2016. Then a comprehensive literature reviewed on technologies and techniques that are used in VF projects. The study resources were formed from 62 different source from 2007 to 2016. The technologies offered can be a guide for implementation development and planning for innovative and farming industries of Vertical Farming in cities. In fact, it can act as a basis for evaluating prospective agriculture and architecture together. The integration of food production into the urban areas have been seen as a connection to the city and its residents. It simultaneously helps to reduce poverty, adds to food safety, and increases contextual sustainability and human well-being.
Adaptation of the curriculum for the inclusion of learners with special education needs in selected primary schools in the Fort Beaufort District
Authors: Adewumi Toyin M. , Rembe Symphorosa , Shumba Jenny , Akinyemi Adeola
Published: October 2017

Background: There is need for ‘high-quality’ teachers who are equipped to meet the needs of all learners through provision of education for an inclusive society according to equal opportunities to all.Objective: This paper investigates pockets of good practice in the adaptation of the curriculum for the inclusion of learners with special education needs (SEN) in selected primary schools in the Fort Beaufort District.Method: The study adopted a qualitative research approach and employed a case study design. Eight teachers and 10 principals from 10 selected primary schools, 4 education district officials and 1 provincial official were interviewed. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. Data were collected using document analysis and semi-structured interviews and were analysed thematically.Result: The study established that teachers use methods relating to different teaching strategies, individual work, group work and extra work.Conclusion: It was concluded that there are pockets of good practice of inclusion policy such as the use of different teaching strategies, individual work, group work and extra work for inclusion of learners with SEN in some of the selected primary schools in the poor rural context. The paper recommends adequate training for teachers in curriculum adaptation in order for all teachers to accommodate learners with SEN.
American Christians for and against Parsifal: Debating the Holy Grail Opera in New York
Authors: Hale Frederick
Published: October 2017

The appropriateness of Christian themes in the performing arts has often been debated. Defenders have argued that various media, including drama, can serve as instruments of spiritual edification, while critics have contended that such efforts often eventuate in sacrilege and a vulgarising exploitation of the sacred for commercial and entertainment purposes. A heated debate took place in 1903 when Richard Wagner’s opera Parsifal, which since its première at Bayreuth in 1882 had been hailed as a magnificent representation of redemption and other themes central to Christianity, was staged at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York – its first performance as an opera outside its original venue. Numerous clergymen and lay people in several denominations sought to have the production banned and cautioned fellow Christians against seeing it. Others, generally of a theologically more liberal bent, defended the work. The heated public controversy is placed into historical context and compared with the history of Parsifal in the United Kingdom, where it was widely appreciated without noteworthy opposition.
Adnexal masses in pregnancy: An updated review
Authors: Hakoun Abdullah M , Shaar Iyad AbouAl , Zaza Khaled J , Shaar Hussam Abou-Al , Salloum Mohammad Nour Ali
Published: October 2017

Adnexal masses in pregnancy are not commonly encountered. The majority of these masses are discovered incidentally during routine follow-up. However, some of these masses become symptomatic due to their size, location, and impingement of adjacent structures. Several diagnostic modalities can be utilized for the detection of adnexal masses with different sensitivity and specificity rates. The differential diagnosis of adnexal masses discovered during pregnancy is broad and includes both benign and malignant lesions. The management of such lesions has been a subject of debate for years with no consensus regarding the best management plan. Tumor size, site, and the trimester of mass detection are all crucial in management. In this account, we review adnexal masses discovered in pregnancy, the diagnostic modalities utilized for detecting these lesions, their differential diagnosis, and management strategies.
Minimizing nocebo effect: Pragmatic approach
Authors: Pasha Majed Chamsi , Albar Mohammed Ali , Pasha Hassan Chamsi
Published: October 2017

The nocebo effect, the inverse of the placebo effect, is a well-established phenomenon, yet under-appreciated. It refers to nonpharmacological, harmful, or undesirable effects occurring after active or inactive therapy. The frequency of adverse events can dramatically increase by informing patients about the possible side effects of the treatment, and by negative expectations on the part of the patient. Patients who were told that they might experience sexual side effects after treatment with β-blocker drugs reported these symptoms between three and four times more often than patients in a control group who were not informed about these symptoms. Nocebo effect has been reported in several neurological diseases such as migraine, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and neuropathic pain, and in patients with depression. The investigation of the biological and theoretical underpinning of the nocebo phenomenon is at an early stage, and more research is required. Physicians need to be aware of the influence of nocebo phenomenon and be able to recognize it and minimize its effects.
Morphological assessment of the Zebu Bororo (Wodaabé) cattle of Niger in the West African zebu framework
Authors: Moussa M. Maaouia A. , Issa Moumouni , Traoré Amadou , Grema Moustapha , Hamani Marichatou , Fernández Iván , Soudré Albert , Álvarez Isabel , Sanou Moumouni , Tamboura Hamidou H. , Alhassane Yenikoye , Goyache Félix
Published: October 2017

Abstract. A total of 357 adult cows and 29 sires belonging to the long-horned Niger Zebu Bororo cattle population were assessed for 13 body measurements and 11 qualitative traits. Data were jointly analysed with 311 cows and 64 sires belonging to other four West African zebu cattle populations, sampled in Burkina Faso and Benin, representative of both the short-horned and the long-horned West African zebu groups using multivariate statistical methods. Besides the other long-horned zebu breed analysed (Zebu Mbororo of Burkina Faso), Zebu Bororo cattle tended to have the highest mean values for all body measurements. Mahalanobis distance matrices further informed that pairs involving Zebu Bororo cattle had the higher differentiation of the dataset. However, contour plots constructed using eigenvalues computed via principal component analysis (PCA) illustrated a lack of differentiation among West African zebu cattle populations at the body measurements level. Correspondence analysis carried out on the 11 qualitative traits recorded allowed for ascertaining a clear differentiation between the Zebu Bororo and the other zebu cattle populations analysed which, in turn, did not show a clear differentiation at the qualitative type traits level. In our data, Zebu Bororo cattle had in high frequency qualitative features such as dropped ears, lyre-shaped horns and red-pied coat colour that are not frequently present in the other West African zebu populations analysed. A directional selection due to a rough consensus of the stock-keepers may be hypothesised. Performance of further analyses to assess the degree in which such breeding differences may be related to genetic or production differences are advised.
Exchange of CO2 in Arctic tundra: impacts of meteorological variations and biological disturbance
Authors: López-Blanco Efrén , Lund Magnus , Williams Mathew , Tamstorf Mikkel P. , Westergaard-Nielsen Andreas , Exbrayat Jean-François , Hansen Birger U. , Christensen Torben R.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. An improvement in our process-based understanding of carbon (C) exchange in the Arctic and its climate sensitivity is critically needed for understanding the response of tundra ecosystems to a changing climate. In this context, we analysed the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in West Greenland tundra (64° N) across eight snow-free periods in 8 consecutive years, and characterized the key processes of net ecosystem exchange and its two main modulating components: gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco). Overall, the ecosystem acted as a consistent sink of CO2, accumulating −30 g C m−2 on average (range of −17 to −41 g C m−2) during the years 2008–2015, except 2011 (source of 41 g C m−2), which was associated with a major pest outbreak. The results do not reveal a marked meteorological effect on the net CO2 uptake despite the high interannual variability in the timing of snowmelt and the start and duration of the growing season. The ranges in annual GPP (−182 to −316 g C m−2) and Reco (144 to 279 g C m−2) were  > 5 fold larger than the range in NEE. Gross fluxes were also more variable (coefficients of variation are 3.6 and 4.1 % respectively) than for NEE (0.7 %). GPP and Reco were sensitive to insolation and temperature, and there was a tendency towards larger GPP and Reco during warmer and wetter years. The relative lack of sensitivity of NEE to meteorology was a result of the correlated response of GPP and Reco. During the snow-free season of the anomalous year of 2011, a biological disturbance related to a larvae outbreak reduced GPP more strongly than Reco. With continued warming temperatures and longer growing seasons, tundra systems will increase rates of C cycling. However, shifts in sink strength will likely be triggered by factors such as biological disturbances, events that will challenge our forecasting of C states.
Large but decreasing effect of ozone on the European carbon sink
Authors: Oliver Rebecca J. , Mercado Lina M. , Sitch Stephen , Simpson David , Medlyn Belinda E. , Lin Yan-Shih , Folberth Gerd A.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The capacity of the terrestrial biosphere to sequester carbon and mitigate climate change is governed by the ability of vegetation to remove emissions of CO2 through photosynthesis. Tropospheric O3, a globally abundant and potent greenhouse gas, is, however, known to damage plants, causing reductions in primary productivity, yet the impact of this gas on European vegetation and the land carbon sink is largely unknown. Despite emission control policies across Europe, background concentrations of tropospheric O3 have risen significantly over the last decades due to hemispheric-scale increases in O3 and its precursors. Therefore, plants are exposed to increasing background concentrations, at levels currently causing chronic damage. We use the JULES land-surface model recalibrated for O3 impacts on European vegetation, with an improved stomatal conductance parameterization, to quantify the impact of tropospheric O3, and its interaction with CO2, on gross primary productivity (GPP) and land carbon storage across Europe. A factorial set of model experiments showed that tropospheric O3 can significantly suppress terrestrial carbon uptake across Europe over the period 1901 to 2050. By 2050, simulated GPP was reduced by 4 to 9 % due to plant ozone damage, however, the combined effects of elevated future CO2 (acting to reduce stomatal opening) and reductions in O3 concentrations resulted in reduced O3 damage in the future, contrary to predictions from earlier studies. Reduced land carbon storage resulted from diminished soil carbon stocks consistent with the reduction in GPP. Regional variations are identified with larger impacts shown for temperate Europe compared to boreal regions. These results highlight that the effects of O3 on plant physiology add to the uncertainty of future trends in the land carbon sink and, as such, this should be incorporated into carbon cycle assessments.
The effect of winding and core support material on the thermal gain dependence of a fluxgate magnetometer sensor
Authors: Miles David M. , Mann Ian R. , Kale Andy , Milling David K. , Narod Barry B. , Bennest John R. , Barona David , Unsworth Martyn J.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Fluxgate magnetometers are an important tool in geophysics and space physics but are typically sensitive to variations in sensor temperature. Changes in instrumental gain with temperature, thermal gain dependence, are thought to be predominantly due to changes in the geometry of the wire coils that sense the magnetic field and/or provide magnetic feedback. Scientific fluxgate magnetometers typically employ some form of temperature compensation and support and constrain wire sense coils with bobbins constructed from materials such as MACOR machinable ceramic (Corning Inc.) which are selected for their ultra-low thermal deformation rather than for robustness, cost, or ease of manufacturing. We present laboratory results comparing the performance of six geometrically and electrically matched fluxgate sensors in which the material used to support the windings and for the base of the sensor is varied. We use a novel, low-cost thermal calibration procedure based on a controlled sinusoidal magnetic source and quantitative spectral analysis to measure the thermal gain dependence of fluxgate magnetometer sensors at the ppm°C−1 level in a typical magnetically noisy university laboratory environment. We compare the thermal gain dependence of sensors built from MACOR, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) engineering plastic (virgin, 30 % glass filled and 30 % carbon filled), and acetal to examine the trade between the thermal properties of the material, the impact on the thermal gain dependence of the fluxgate, and the cost and ease of manufacture. We find that thermal gain dependence of the sensor varies as one half of the material properties of the bobbin supporting the wire sense coils rather than being directly related as has been historically thought. An experimental sensor constructed from 30 % glass-filled PEEK (21.6 ppm°C−1) had a thermal gain dependence within 5 ppm°C−1 of a traditional sensor constructed from MACOR ceramic (8.1 ppm°C−1). If a modest increase in thermal dependence can be tolerated or compensated, then 30 % glass-filled PEEK is a good candidate for future fluxgate sensors as it is more economical, easier to machine, lighter, and more robust than MACOR.
Making cities for people. Moulding urban design around human beings
Authors: Søholt Helle
Published: October 2017

This article is the result of an interview Helle Søholt gave to Luisa Bravo and Mirko Guaralda, Founding Editors of The Journal of Public Space, on June 2, 2017.
Dismantling Purity: Toward a Feminist Curdling of Hawaiian Identity
Authors: Rudow-Abouharb L Brooke
Published: October 2017

This paper explores Hawaiian racial identity formation using María Lugones’s metaphor of curdling as a guiding theme. I aim to show that the accepted definition of “native Hawaiian” is based on a purity model of race that serves to undermine the unity of the Hawaiian Nation. I begin by outlining the pre-contact understanding of Hawaiian identity. This conception of identity was subsequently altered through various political agendas to fit within a Western/European notion of “pure” racial identity. I argue that continuing to use the imposed definition of “native Hawaiian” makes the fragmentation of Hawaiian identity and society difficult to overcome. Additionally, I offer a discussion of the gendered rhetoric of some Hawaiian activists that complicates the effort to regain a precolonial cultural identity that was largely egalitarian. Finally, I suggest that a rejection of racial purity and a rearticulation of Hawaiian identity that recaptures pre-contact, strategic notions of belonging by way of Lugones’s “impure resistance” can set the stage for a more inclusive Hawaiian Nation.
Are Second Person Needs ‘Burdened Virtues’?: Exploring the Risks and Rewards of Caring
Authors: Wolfe Katharine L.
Published: October 2017

This essay contributes to the ethics of vulnerability and to the tradition of feminist care ethics by introducing the notion of second-person needs. Employing the work of Annette Baier, who argues that we are all ‘second persons’ insofar as personhood arises through a childhood in the care of others, it draws attention to the needs that are illuminated when we approach ourselves and others as second persons, and makes a case for the moral import of second-person needs. In drawing from and critically responding to Lisa Tessman’s concept of ‘burdened virtues,’ it also adds to a growing field of ethical work on moral damage. In particular, this paper reminds readers of the benefits of the virtue of sensitivity and attention to other’s suffering, without ignoring the toll that it can extract.
Basis Sector in the Economic Structure of Badung Regency, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Antara Made - , Suryawardhani I.G.A. Oka , Lodi Dwi Utami Ni Made
Published: October 2017

Badung is one of the tourism development centers in Bali with prominent tourism destinations are Kuta, Jimbaran and Nusa Dua. The development of tourism in Badung regency is rapidly causing inequality of regional development between north and south and the imbalance of development between economic sectors. So it is necessary to analyze the basis sectors in accordance with the potential of north and central region. The purpose of this study is to analyze the basis sectors in the economic structure of Badung Regency and to track the causative factors the change of the role of agriculture sub-sector using Shift Share analysis method. This study uses secondary data in the form of data of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) 2011-2016, like GRDP and Badung and Bali, and Growth rate GRDP. Data collection methods used was documentation method and data analyze using Static Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), and Shift Share. The results of analysis showed that the basis sectors in economic structure of Badung Regency is water supply, waste, and recycling sector, construction sector, transportation and warehousing sector, and accommodation and feeding supply sector. The agricultural sub-sector has three sub-sub-sectors that are able to become the basis sub-subsector in the future are food crop sub-sub-sectors, horticultural crops sub-subsector, and fishery sub-sector. Two factors causing the change of agriculture, forestry and fishery sub-sector positions in the economic structure of Badung Regency, namely economic structure and location factor.
Leydig cell tumor of the testis presenting with gynaecomastia due to hyperprolactinemia after orchiectomy
Authors: Rivera Yordanka Pina , Rwegerera Godfrey Mutashambara , Chowdhury Wahhab , Chobanga Kudra Jumanne , Milan Alexei Ortiz
Published: October 2017

Leydig cell tumors (LCT) are rare and represent 1% to 3% of all tumors of the testis. LCTs can either be benign or malignant with clinical presentation varying from testicular mass associated with endocrinal manifestations to metastatic lesions in case of malignant tumors. We describe a 25-year-old man who presented with an isolated painless mass of the left testes which was confirmed by ultrasonography. An orchiectomy was subsequently performed and the histopathological analysis revealed a leydig cell tumor. Three months after surgery, the patient presented with bilateral gynaecomastia; estradiol, testosterone and gonadotropin levels as well as tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin ( β-HCG) were within normal ranges but prolactin was high in two different measurements. No evidence of tumor recurrence or metastases was found and different underlying causes of hyperprolactinemia including use of drugs, pituitary adenoma, hypothyroidism and renal failure were ruled out. After 6 month of treatment with Cabergoline the prolactin level and breast size were remarkably reduced. Patients with benign LCT have a favourable prognosis but in order to rule out tumor recurrence or a persistent effect of their hormonal disorder, follow-up should include regular hormonal and imaging studies.
Seed vigor and germination of facheiro plants (Pilosocereus catingicola (Gurke) Byles & Rowley Subsp. Salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi (Cactaceae) at different temperatures
Authors: Medeiros Robson Luis Silva de , Souza Vênia Camelo de , Azerêdo Gilvaneide Alves de , Barbosa Neto Miguel Avelino , Barbosa Alex Da Silva , Oliveira Ivan Sergio da Silva
Published: October 2017

Several species of endemic Cactaceae are found in northeastern Brazil, which are important plants to the local fauna and flora; nevertheless, there are only a few studies assessing the germination of this plant genus. Understanding the germination of species native to the Caatinga is essential to subsidize conservation actions for such ecosystem. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of three localities and different temperatures on the vigor and germination of facheiro seeds. The experiment was conducted by evaluating seed vigor and germination in three distinct areas (Arara, Bananeiras, and Boa Vista) at different temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 20-30 ºC). Quantitative data were submitted to polynomial regression analysis at 5% significance with four replicates of 50 seeds. In Arara, germination rates at 20 and 25 ºC reached 96% and, at 30 ºC, 86%. The temperatures of 25 and 30 ºC presented the best germination speed index. For the three studied areas, the highest germination rates were recorded at a constant temperature of 25 ºC and at the alternating temperature (20-30 ºC). Yet the highest germination speed was reached at 30 ºC. Based on its sexual propagation, the taxon in question is able to survive in environments with temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 ºC, as seen in the studied habitats.
Seed treatment for management of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean
Authors: Almeida Adriely Alves de , Abe Vinicius Hicaro Frederico , Gonçalves Ricardo Marcelo , Balbi-Peña Maria Isabel , Santiago Débora Cristina
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the active ingredient abamectin, either in isolation or in combination with fungicides and insecticides formulated for the industrial seed treatment, on the population of Meloidogyne javanica, tested under greenhouse and in vitro conditions. In both tests, the combination of the following treatments was assessed: abamectin; thiamethoxam; fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. Water was used as control for the in vitro assay, whereas under greenhouse conditions, controls were inoculated and not inoculated with M. javanica. The tests were conducted in a completely randomized design with six (in vitro) and ten (greenhouse) replicates. For in vitro studies the effect on hatching, motility, and mortality of juveniles of M. javanica was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, the soybean ‘BRS 133’ seeds were treated, and at 15, 30, and 60 days after inoculation (DAI) with M. javanica, plant measurements were recorded. The penetration of second stage juveniles (J2) was also evaluated at 15 DAI. At 30 DAI, galls, egg masses, nematodes/g of root, and final population were evaluated. At 60 DAI, the final population of nematodes in the roots was quantified. The treatments containing abamectin were the most effective in diminishing the hatching of juveniles. All treatments had an effect on nematode motility when compared to the control, and in the treatment containing only abamectin, total juvenile mortality was observed. In greenhouse conditions, at 15 DAI, the treated soybean plants had the highest root mass and shoot length, differing statistically from the inoculated control. All treatments reduced the number of nematodes per gram of root, differing from the control. At 30 DAI, treatment efficiency was observed in reducing the final population of M. javanica, particularly the treatments using abamectin, and abamectin + thiamethoxam + fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. However, at 60 DAI, the effect of the treatments on the population of M. javanica did not persist.
Ultrasonic pulse technique for evaluation of mechanical damage in processed coffee beans
Authors: Silva Mariana De Oliveira e , Gomes Francisco Carlos , Rosa Stella Dellyzete Veiga Franco da
Published: October 2017

The knowledge of the physical characteristics of the coffee bean allows the transition from the conventional storage model in bags to the silo storage, and as an indirect measure of the improvement and conservation of the quality of the stored grain. The elastic modulus allows comparisons on the strength of material. The variations of this occur due to its chemical composition, microstructures and material defects, being able to be used as indicator of the physical integrity of the grain. The ultrasonic pulse technique is an alternative to obtain the elastic modulus in a simple and non-destructive way. In this context, it was proposed the development of a non-destructive methodology that will perform the quality evaluation by determining the elastic modulus of the coffee beans. For this purpose, a reference silo was constructed, reproducing the storage conditions, and the elastic modulus values were determined. The values obtained by the Stress Wave Timer apparatus are between 2.54 and 4.23 MPa, with a maximum load of 8.32 kN, and a calculated vertical pressure of 1,526 kPa. To evaluate the impact of the storage conditions and the loads applied during the non-destructive test, laboratory tests applied in seeds were performed, and the tetrazolium test was the only one able to differentiate the samples. It was concluded that Stress Wave Timer was able to determine the elastic modulus values for the coffee bean mass and could be used as an indicative of the quality.
Goniometric study of young and adult Saanen goats
Authors: Santos Jomel Francisco dos , Lima Ueliton Assis de , Barbosa Amara Maria De Sousa , Maciel Thiago Arcoverde , Firmino Everton Diogo De Farias , Franco Matheus Castro , Duarte-Neto Paulo José , Oliveira Daniela
Published: October 2017

Using the goniometric method, it is possible to take measures of extension, flexion, abduction, and adduction of a synovial joint. The aim of this study was to use goniometry to compare flexion and extension of fore and hind limbs of Saanen goats at different ages. Flexion and extension angles of the shoulder, elbow, and carpus joints, as well as of the thigh, stifle, and tarsus joints, were measured using a standard goniometer on 10 six-month-old goats and on 15 three-year-old goats. The range of motion was reduced in all joints of the adult animals compared to that of the younger animals, but the difference was statistically significant only for the shoulder, elbow, stifle, and tarsus. It was noted that the greater muscle volume of adult animals influenced the flexion capacity of limbs (statistically verified for all joints), whereas young animals reached a more complete flexion with smaller angles than in adults. Therefore, we have shown that age affects goniometric measurements of synovial joints in Saanen goats. Such data may be useful in evaluation of joints in other goats.