bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pouteria sapota kernel meal on in vitro ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, and protozoa population
Authors: Sánchez-Zárate Adriana , Chay-Canul Alfonso Juventino , Aguilar-Urquizo Edgar , Canul-Solis Jorge , Giácoman-Vallejos German , González-Sánchez Avel , Hernández-Núñez Emanuel , Pérez-Gutiérrez Alfonso , Bautista-Parra San German , Vargas-Bello-Pérez Einar , Piñeiro Vázquez Angel Trinidad
Published: January 2025

This study determined the effect of different levels of mamey kernel meal (MKM) as a substitute for ground corn and soybean meal on in vitro gas production, nutrient degradability, fermentation, and protozoan population. The study was carried out in a randomized block design repeated over time. The treatments consisted of seven levels of mamey kernel meal, namely 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% dry matter (DM), replacing ground corn and soybean meal. The inclusion of MKM had a linear effect on in vitro gas production (P=0.03); the highest production was at 30% inclusion and the lowest at 0%, with 381 and 291 mL g-1, respectively. No differences (P 0.05) were found in gas production, fermentation rate, and lag time between treatments. The maximum volume of gas production (397.43 mL g-1) was at 30%, while the lowest (291.40 mL g-1) was observed at 0% inclusion of MKM. No differences were found in nutrient degradability, protozoan population, and volatile fatty acids (P 0.05). The genera of protozoa that were identified were Entodinium and Holotrich. The different inclusion levels of MKM did not affect the total protozoa population (P 0.05). In conclusion, MKM can be included up to 15% under in vitro conditions without negative effects on fermentative parameters. However, further in vivo studies are needed.
Strategic reviews of greenfield gas projects in Africa: Lessons learned for expanding regional energy infrastructure and security
Authors: Ikiomoworio Nicholas Dienagha  , Fidelis Othuke Onyeke  , Wags Numoipiri Digitemie  , Musa Adekunle Adewoyin
Published: January 2025

Greenfield gas projects hold significant potential to address Africa's growing energy demands and transform regional energy infrastructure. This paper examines the current landscape of these initiatives, highlighting their scale, goals, and alignment with continental strategies for sustainable development. It identifies key challenges, including regulatory complexities, financing constraints, and environmental considerations, while reflecting on critical lessons learned from past projects in terms of strategic planning, stakeholder collaboration, and technological innovation. The study also proposes future pathways for scaling up infrastructure through cross-border collaboration, public-private partnerships, and innovative financing mechanisms. Emphasis is placed on fostering a resilient and secure energy ecosystem, integrating sustainable practices, and addressing socio-political challenges. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for policymakers, stakeholders, and investors to enhance project planning, execution, and long-term impact.
Interchangeable biosimilars: A new era in healthcare system
Authors: G. Ramya Balaprabha  , Sindhu Kondapalli  , Lahari Pochampally  , Tarun Agastya Reddy  , T. Rama Rao.
Published: January 2025

An important development in the area of biologic drugs, interchangeable biosimilars have possible advantages in terms of accessibility and affordability. Like generic medications are handled, these items are described as biosimilars that can be replaced for the reference biologic without the necessity of physician involvement. To earn this interchangeable designation, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set particular criteria for a biosimilar which include proving that it is highly similar to the reference product, producing the same clinical outcome in any patient, and ensuring that switching between the two does not pose greater risks than using the reference product alone. Exchangeability requires robust clinical studies, especially those that evaluate the safety and effectiveness of switching biosimilars and reference counterparts. The "three-switch" concept involves patients switching between the reference medicine and the interchangeable biosimilar numerous times. Despite these strict restrictions, interchangeable biosimilars' reduced prices might improve patient access to key biologics, particularly for chronic disorders like autoimmune diseases and malignancies. However, issues exist regarding provider and patient acceptability of these solutions. Concerns over safety, effectiveness, and the ramifications of switching have contributed to reticence in their acceptance. This is especially obvious in therapeutic areas when patients remain stable on their existing therapy. Regulatory frameworks at both federal and state levels also impact how interchangeable biosimilars are employed in reality, with various legislation altering replacement procedures.
In summary, although interchangeable biosimilars have potential for improving healthcare cost and accessibility, continued efforts are required to resolve concerns around their usage and to speed regulatory procedures to ease their adoption in clinical settings.
Distributed quantum computing models: Study of architectures and models for the distribution of quantum computing tasks across multiple quantum nodes
Authors: Akaash Vishal Hazarika  , Mahak Shah
Published: January 2025

The exploration of distributed quantum computing (DQC) represents a significant frontier in quantum information science, aiming to harness the unique properties of quantum mechanics to solve complex computational problems effectively. This paper discusses the diverse architectures and models that facilitate the distribution of quantum computing tasks across multiple quantum nodes, thereby addressing the limitations inherent in single quantum devices. DQC systems exploit the principles of superposition and entanglement to enhance computational capabilities beyond what classical computing systems can achieve.
We examine various DQC architectures, including both quantum-classical hybrid systems and fully quantum distributed systems, highlighting their respective benefits and challenges. Key issues such as coherence, communication overhead, and error correction are discussed in detail, and we analyze specific use cases where DQC demonstrates superior performance relative to classical computing approaches, including optimization problems in logistics and finance, as well as quantum simulations for material science. Furthermore, we identify future research directions aimed at overcoming existing barriers to the practical implementation of DQC systems. By assessing the current landscape and future possibilities of DQC, this paper underscores the transformative potential of distributed quantum computing in various fields, paving the way for realizing more complex quantum algorithms and applications.
Self-adapting real-time data ecosystems with autonomous multi-agent systems
Authors: Sai Kiran Reddy Malikireddy
Published: January 2025

As data ecosystems grow increasingly complex, traditional centralized control systems struggle to manage dynamic, large-scale workloads effectively. This paper introduces an autonomous multi-agent system (MAS) framework that uses reinforcement learning to enable self-adapting real-time data ecosystems. Each agent optimizes specific pipeline components, such as ingestion, transformation, and storage, while collaborating with other agents via a decentralized coordination protocol. Results from deployment in a smart city analytics platform demonstrate enhanced scalability and resilience, achieving a 40% improvement in system uptime and a 35% reduction in latency under dynamic workloads.
Opioids today: From pharmacology to crisis management and emerging solutions
Authors: Bijal Dharmesh Shah  , Ronak Prakashchandra Gandhi  , Darshan Narendra Lalwani  , Pratik Sanjeev Bankhele  , Priyanka Dattatraya Pathak
Published: January 2025

Background: Opioids are a critical component in managing moderate to severe pain, especially in conditions like cancer and post-surgical recovery. However, their use is accompanied by significant risks, including tolerance, dependence, and addiction, which have contributed to a global opioid crisis. The need for safer pain management strategies and regulatory measures has never been more pressing.
Main body: This review provides a comprehensive overview of opioid pharmacology, focusing on the most commonly prescribed opioids and their mechanisms of action. The clinical significance of various routes of administration is examined, highlighting their impact on efficacy and potential for abuse. The ongoing opioid crisis is discussed in detail, tracing its origins to the late 1990s and examining the factors that have exacerbated the problem, including aggressive pharmaceutical marketing and inadequate regulation. Strategies to reduce opioid exposure and prevent new addictions are explored, with a focus on the role of FDA regulatory measures, including updated prescribing guidelines and the development of abuse-deterrent formulations. Recent advancements in opioid research are also highlighted, including the exploration of non-addictive opioids, biased agonism, and targeted drug delivery systems. These innovations offer promise in improving pain management while minimizing the risks associated with opioid use.
Conclusion: The opioid crisis underscores the urgent need for improved pain management practices and safer opioid therapies. Ongoing research and regulatory efforts are critical to addressing these challenges. By integrating recent advancements into clinical practice, we can better balance the need for effective pain relief with the imperative to reduce the risks of addiction and other adverse effects associated with opioid use.
The copyright protection of TV format and reconsideration of the idea/expression dichotomy
Authors:   Korea Copyright Commission, Lim Wonsun
Published: January 2025

The TV format was understood to be difficult to protected by copyright because it was on the border line of idea and expression. Then, with the advent of the Korean Supreme Court decisions that recognized these kinds of works as copyrightable by applying the legal principle of compilation works, there was a perception that the protection issue was settled. However, A format is essentially a plan for producing a TV program and could be an idea as a solution. So, no matter how specifically described or how creative an idea is, its use or implementation may not be protected by copyright The existence of the format can be divided into three categories: TV format, format bible, and TV program. When TV program is produced according to a format’s specific instructions, even if it is an idea, it should be subject to copyright.
I attempted to reclassify ideas into three categories: 1) abstract ideas, 2) methods of producing or performing works or solutions, and 3) scientific discoveries, axioms, or principles. Just as ideas as solutions to technical problems can be protected by patents, ideas as methods for producing or performing works could be protected by copyright.
Gel Formulation from Pineapple Leaf Waste with Propylene Glycol Variations for Burn Wound Healing
Authors: Adi Vinda Afrilia , Darmawan Gitanjali , Azahra Rian Dewi Saputri , Jelita Ferra Delan
Published: January 2025

Despite their potential medicinal properties, pineapple leaves (Ananas comosus L. Merr) are an underutilized agricultural waste. These leaves contain flavonoids, which are known for their ability to aid in wound healing, particularly for burns as a gel. Propylene glycol plays an important role in the formulation of gels due to its ability to enhance the penetration and absorption of active compounds, such as flavonoids from the pineapple leaves. It also helps in maintaining the gel's consistency, ensuring it remains stable and effective for topical applications. in this study, varying concentrations of propylene glycol (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were tested for their efficacy in burn wound healing in Rats. Gel production was prepared by the extraction of pineapple leaf waste and mixed with propylene glycol in varying concentrations (10 -40%) and gel additives. The gel was then applied to burn wound healing in rats. The study involved five groups: four treatment groups receiving gel with propylene glycol concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, and a control group without using gel. Results indicated that the pineapple leaf gel significantly accelerated burn wound healing compared to the control group. Among the formulations, gels with 20% and 30% propylene glycol concentrations demonstrated the most effective and rapid healing properties. These findings highlight the potential of pineapple leaf extract as an economical and sustainable option for topical burn treatment, encouraging further exploration and optimization of its formulation for clinical applications
Wastewater Treatment of Tofu Industry Using Microbial Fuel Cell Method
Authors: Ma'ruf Anwar , Anggraeni Tia
Published: January 2025

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a system for generating electrical energy by utilizing the interaction of bacteria with substrate. MFC generates electricity by oxidizing organic matter with the help of microbes. In this study, the substrate is tofu wastewater and cow rumen bacteria. The MFC used is a dual chamber equipped with a TiO2 clay ceramic membrane. This study aimed to determine the production of electrical energy from tofu liquid waste substrate using MFC technology with the addition of nutrients in the form of urea and bacteria from the cow's rumen. The variation of the ratio of tofu liquid waste used is 20%. 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. While the variations in the concentration of urea used were 1 - 5 grams. The results show that the greater the variation in the ratio of tofu liquid waste, the greater the energy potential. The highest average electric power is 381 volts from the 100% tofu liquid waste ratio. In addition, the greater the urea concentration the more it produces a large energy potential. The highest average electric power is 421 volts from 5 grams of urea concentration. The TiO2 clay ceramic membrane in the MFC system was able to reduce the TSS and TDS values ​​of tofu liquid waste. The highest percentage decrease for TSS is 37% and for TDS is 25% at the variation of the ratio of tofu liquid waste 100%.
Waste to Energy Project-Based Learning: Evaluasi Relevansi Program dan Kesiapan Sumber Daya dalam Pembelajaran Fisika Lingkungan
Authors: Hermansyah Hermansyah , Nahadi Nahadi , Sriyati Siti , Kaniawati Ida
Published: January 2025

Waste management and the need for renewable energy are global issues that require innovative solutions, including in education. Project-Based Learning is an effective approach to connecting theory and practice, providing students with learning experiences that are relevant to modern environmental challenges. This study evaluates the relevance of the Waste to Energy Project-Based Learning program and the readiness of resources to support project-based learning in Environmental Physics courses at a private university with a CIPP model that is limited to context evaluation and input evaluation. With a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis, then analyzed thematically and descriptively with Excel. The results of the study indicate that this program is relevant to the needs of education in the field of environmental physics and is supported by adequate lecturer competence. However, there are challenges in the form of student readiness, limited facilities, and funding. Recommendations include providing introductory materials, strengthening facilities, and collaboration with external partners. In conclusion, this program has the potential to be further developed as an innovative and sustainable project-based learning model, with further studies needed to evaluate its impact in various institutions
Uji Kelayakan: E-Modul Praktikum Intersktif Berbasis PBL untuk Meningkatkan Critical Thinking
Authors: Varentine Haresda , Rosa Sinensis Arini , Effendi Effendi
Published: January 2025

The changes of the 4.0 revolution era explicitly impact educational patterns, particularly in learning outcomes that emphasize the achievement of 4Cs skills. (critical thinking, communication, collaboration, creativity). The need for suitable teaching materials is a fundamental aspect of implementing better learning. This research was conducted to develop an interactive practical E-module based on PBL for uniformly accelerated motion (GLBB) that is suitable for fostering Critical Thinking. The method used to test the feasibility of the products produced in this research is through justice expert assessments to obtain feedback and evaluations from experts in content, media, and language regarding the research product. The feasibility of the practical E-module, based on justice expert evaluations from content, language, and media, has holistic Aiken indices of 0.873, 0.729, and 0.781, respectively. This can mean that the product meets the criteria of being very valid and valid. The results of the requirements on the research product can undergo feasibility and effectiveness testing
Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Desa Tanjung Medan Melalui Penguatan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Bumdes) Syariah Kembang Setanjung
Authors: Anton Budi Pranata  , Makmur
Published: January 2025

Pemberdayaan BUMDes dalam hal ini mencakup proses pemberdayaan potensi-potensi pembangunan yang ada di desa yang bersumber “dari, oleh, dan untuk masyarakat” atau dengan kata lain dilaksanakan secara partisipatif mampu melaksanakan pembangunan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan rakyat secara optimal. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah seberapa besar pengaruh pemberdayaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) Syariah Kembang Setanjung terhadap peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat Desa Tanjung Medan?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara tidak terstruktur dengan pengelola BUMDes Kembang Setanjung Desa Tanjung Medan, obervasi lapangan, dan studi literatur dengan menggunakan jurnal, buku, dan website resmi terkait.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa 1) pengembangan diri individu masyarakat, berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan wawancara informal tidak terstruktur yang kami lakukan, bahwa motivasi masyarakat untuk terbuka dan pengembangan diri masih memerlukan dorongan dan trigger motivasi. Hal ini terlihat dari minat belajar dan pembangunan potensi diri yang masih kurang. 2) Adapun bidang usaha kemandirian ekonomi yang bisa dikembangkan dan dikelola adalah membangun BUMDes yang mengimplementasikan prinsip-prinsip Good Corperate Governent. Selain itu ruang lingkup yang bisa dijadikan tujuan besar ke depannya bagi program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah di bidang pendidkan dan pelatihan, serta pembentukan jiwa dan karakter Kewirausahaan masyarakat. 3) Pengelola BUMDes termotivasi dan memiliki komitmen untuk mengikuti program berkelanjutan yang telah dirancang untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa.
Apresentação do dossiê "Desafios da educação profissional: tecnologias digitais, gestão e avaliação, multilinguagens e a IA"
Authors: Prados Rosália Maria Netto
Published: January 2025

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Ensino superior tecnológico e o trabalho docente: tecnologias digitais e multiletramentos
Authors: Almeida Luciana dos Santos , Prados Rosalia Maria Netto , Silva Junior Carlos Alberto da
Published: January 2025

As mudanças socioculturais e tecnológicas têm influenciado grandemente a área da educação. Tais evoluções, exigem que os professores adaptem suas práticas para acompanhar essas transformações e alcançar seus objetivos pedagógicos. No Ensino Superior Tecnológico, além da consideração relacionada às renovações tecnológicas há de se considerar as exigências do mercado de trabalho na formação profissional. Objetiva-se com este artigo, apresentar o conceito de multiletramentos, identificá-los dentro do Ensino Superior Tecnológico e suas contribuições para a prática pedagógica dos docentes. A metodologia desta pesquisa é de abordagem qualitativa, a partir de levantamento do estado da arte sobre multiletramentos e da aplicação de questionários e entrevistas a docentes do ensino superior tecnológico.
Comunicação e educação profissional tecnológica: estudos contemporâneos
Authors: Garcia Wilton
Published: January 2025

Este texto contextualiza o campo da comunicação e a educação profissional tecnológica, sobretudo no Brasil, ao observar a noção de contemporâneo. Disso surge uma pergunta: como a formação docente pode evidenciar o saber (conhecimento) e o fazer (prática) que ampliam o contexto contemporâneo da educação a partir das tecnologias emergentes? São fatores crítico-reflexivos que impactam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem atualmente. Baseado em estudos contemporâneos, o formato ensaio como método estrategicamente observa, descreve e discute uma abordagem qualitativa. Como resultado, (re)formulações estratégicas na educação atual (re)equacionam produções de conhecimento, subjetividade e informação.
Tratamiento coadyuvante de distemper canino con apitoxina natural
Authors: Molina-Molina E. J. , Molina-Cuasapaz E. G. , Lascano Armas P. J. , Mera-Viera E. H.
Published: January 2025

El distemper canino (DC, moquillo canino) es la enfermedad vírica más difundida en el mundo, altamente contagiosa y letal de los caninos; no existe tratamiento, sólo tratamiento de soporte con antibióticos que van dirigidos a la prevención de infecciones bacterianas secundarias. Para el control de DC se recomienda la inmunización por vacuna. En consecuencia; esta investigación, se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto inmunomodulador de la apitoxina natural, mediante picadura de abejas (Apis mellifera) como coadyuvante al tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Una vez realizada la anamnesis, exploración clínica y física de los pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad, se utilizó el test para distemper y confirmación por serología. La aplicación de apitoxina, se realizó cada 24 y 48 horas por tres días, y la investigación se llevó bajo el método experimental completamente al azar, con un nivel de confianza de 95%. La titulación de Inmunoglobulina G (IgG) e Inmunoglobulina M (IgM) se determinó con el método de inmunoturbidimetría. Las variables como edad, sexo, peso (pequeños < 8 kg, grandes > 8 kg), vacuna antimoquillo y etapa de la enfermedad no tuvieron influencia en el nivel de las inmunoglobulinas; en cambio, en el análisis de ANOVA los resultados reflejaron un incremento significativo de IgG a los 21 días luego de la aplicación de apitoxina cada 48 horas, lo que nos lleva a sugerir esta alternativa como terapia coadyuvante para mejorar la respuesta inmune en el tratamiento de soporte para DC.
Analisis Dampak Religiusitas, Kesadaran Halal, Sertifikasi Halal, dan Komposisi Pangan terhadap Minat Beli Makanan Halal
Authors: Nizar Nizar Muhammad , Ratnasari Ririn Tri , Usman Indrianawati
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi dampak dari religiusitas, kesadaran halal, sertifikasi halal, dan komposisi bahan makanan terhadap niat beli produk. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebar melalui goggle form. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 205 responden dengan menggunakan purpose sampling, dengan sasaran masyarakat Indonesia yang sudah dewasa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa religiusitas, kesadaran halal, sertifikasi halal, dan komposisi bahan makanan berpengaruh positif signifikan pada niat beli produk makanan halal. hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat religiusitas dan kesadaran seseorang maka semakin besar kemungkinan mereka akan membeli produk makanan halal. selain itu sertifikasi halal juga menjadi indikator penting dalam menentukan minat beli produk, karena sertifikat halal memberikan jaminan bahwa produk tersebut sudah memenuhi standar halal yang ditetapkan. Faktor lain adalah komposisi makanan yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap niat pembelian, ketersediaan bahan dan komposisi yang halal pada produk akan meningkatkan nilai beli konsumen.
Formulasi Bakso Nabati Tepung Kacang Merah dan Jamur Tiram Putih terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Sensoris
Authors: Herawati Netti , Gultom Priscila Manuella , Riftyan Emma
Published: January 2025

Vegetable meatballs are products made from vegetable protein but similar to the properties of real meat. The purpose of this study was to obtain selected formulation of vegetable meatballs from red bean flour and oyster mushrooms to chemical and sensory qualities according to SNI 3818−2014 concerning combination meat balls. The researched method used a complete randomized design (RAL) with four treatments and four repetition so that 16 experimental units were obtained. The results showed that the ratio of red bean flour and oyster mushrooms had a significant influence on moisture content, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber, as well as on descriptive and hedonic sensory assessments such as color, aroma, taste, elasticity, and overall acceptance. Based on this study, the selected treatment was KJ2 treatment and has met SNI 3818−2014. KJ2 treatment has a water content of 58.07%, ash content of 1.88%, fat content of 0.49%, protein content of 8.67%, crude fiber content of 3.41%. Panelist liked the overall sensory assessment of KJ2, which had a slightly brown color, smell of red bean flour and white oyster mushrooms, tasted red bean flour and white oyster mushrooms, and chewy.
A comprehensive review on application of machine intelligence in additive manufacturing
Authors: Ethiraj N , Sivabalan T , Sofia J , Harika Dommaraju , Nikolova M.p
Published: January 2025

Additive manufacturing (AM), one of the emerging disruptive technologies, is gaining popularity not only in rapid prototyping but also in manufacturing of complex shapes and dimensions. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by computer systems to perform complex tasks such as learning, reasoning, decision making and problem solving. Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence which enables AI to imitate human learning process by using data and algorithms. The concept of machine intelligence which helps the advanced computing technologies to interact with the environment and highlights the intersection of AI and ML. The aim of this review article is to provide comprehensive information about the application of AI and ML in various additive manufacturing processes for different activities in order to improve the performance of the operation. Also, it describes the application of other advanced technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Digital Twins (DT) and Block Chain Technology to augment the additive manufacturing in producing quality products. Further, the article explains the various challenges that are encountered and the certain areas need to be addressed in future for the enhancement of quality product production by the application
Optimizing Abrasive Water Jet Parameters for Enhanced Interactivity in Metal-Stacked Hybrid Fiber Laminates
Authors: K Gnanasekaran , M Rajesh , V Hariram
Published: January 2025

High strength and shock-absorbing hybrid Fibre Laminate (HFL) machining is required to get the required geometric shape and size and to test the functioning under various impact protection circumstances. The compression molding process was adopted to fabricate the HFL. Skin titanium metal and alternately interlaced durable jute and high strength Kevlar fiber. A Central Composite Design (CCD)-Response Surface Technique (RST) was used to conduct the experiments with varying abrasive water jet parameters like WP-water pressure, TS-traverse speed, SOD-stand-off distance, and AQ-abrasive quantity. The desirability optimization technique adopted to minimize the surface roughness (Ra) and kerf angle (KA). An experimental examination shows that when water jet pressure was raised to its maximum value, the Ra and KA considerably reduced by 28.69% and 8.25%, respectively. Similar to how the Ra and KR significantly reduced by an extent of 7.4% and 3.5% when the abrasive quantity was increased to its higher value. However, when SOD and TS increased, a reversal impact on Ra and KA was seen. According to surface topology study, the brittle fracture occurs with micro-chipping, and for the kevlar fiber, bulk machining.
Real Time Intrusion Detection In Edge Computing Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Singh Abhay
Published: January 2025

The proliferation of edge computing has introduced new opportunities for optimizing latency-sensitive and bandwidth-intensive applications by processing data closer to its source. In addition, this paradigm shift also brings forth unique security challenges, particularly in the realm of intrusion detection. In edge computing environments, where data is processed at the network edge closer to the data source, real-time intrusion detection is crucial to safeguard the security of the system. The attackers are also exploiting the edge network with rapid extension. Conversely, conventional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) cannot detect the latest types of attack patterns in high-speed real-time networks due to their complex behavior and low processing capability. This study introduces a novel approach for developing an effective IDS model to resolve such things in a real-time network and explores the design and implementation of a real-time intrusion detection system (IDS) tailored for edge computing environments. The proposed model is found to be methodical and reliable, and it employs a supervised Machine Learning (ML) technique. The objective is to precisely recognize and categorize harmful intrusions or malignant activities within the network in real-time. A self created dataset which utilizes both malevolent and benign PCAPs (Packet Capture files) in this research study. To determine the usefulness of the IDS model, the random forests, decision trees, extra trees, and K-nearest neighbors were used as classification techniques. The evolution of the proposed IDS model has been evaluated and it exhibhits excellent performance based on several factors such as adaptability and scalability. The model also reveals higher accuracy, detection rate, F-measure, precision, recall, and lower FPR.
Sustaining Health Intervention Programmes in Ghana: The Role of ‘the Community’ in Community-Based Health Planning and Services. A Mixed Study
Authors: Nartey Aaron Kwasi , Manful Esmeranda , Dapaah Jonathan Mensah
Published: January 2025

The Community-based Health Planning and Services(CHPS) is an initiative to improve access to quality healthcare and family planning services for rural Ghana. Its management has been decentralized from the sub-district level to the community level. Although several studies have been conducted on the CHPS, little attention has been focused on its management. Therefore, this research sought to examine the management of CHPS by the Community Health Management Committees(CHMC) at the Atwima Ngwabiagya North district, Ashanti Region,Ghana.
Descriptive cross-sectional survey was adopted. Mixed method was used. Using systematic and simple random sampling, 384 respondents were assessed. Further, a total of five Focus Group Discussions and eight In-depth interviews were conducted. Stata was used to analyze the quantitative data whilst the qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis.
Communities had no strategy in place to ensure the acquisition of trained staff but have ever requested for nurses from Ghana Health Service(GHS). Also, the CHPS do not always have the required logistics. About 41% indicated that, community members provide support to the CHPS. Interest of the CHMC in the CHPS is dying out gradually due to the continuous demand for its maintenance by the GHS. Again, 52% of community members were involved in decision making.
Decentralization of the management of health services at the community level is not as effective as envisaged; failure can be attributed to both central government and the communities. Suggestions to become more effective include reserving a percentage of the internally generated funds for its management and community sensitization.
Nutritional Support to Enhance Immune Response against COVID-19: A Narrative Review of the Immune-Boosting Potential of Micronutrients.
Authors: Ouedraogo Louis sylvain peng-wendé , Sodjehoun Apeti , Ouedraogo Dieu Donné
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the crucial role of robust immunity in combating infectious diseases. While traditional approaches prioritize pathogen eradication, bolstering host immunity offers a complementary strategy.
Objective: This narrative review examines the immune-enhancing potential of micronutrients, particularly vitamins C and D, zinc, and selenium, in the context of viral infections, focusing on COVID-19.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases, including studies published in English and French, with no date restrictions, to identify relevant research on the impact of micronutrient supplementation on immune function.
Results: Vitamins C and D, zinc, and selenium play vital roles in supporting both innate and adaptive immunity. For instance, Vitamin D supplementation (250,000-500,000 IU) significantly reduced hospital stays in deficient, critically ill patients (18-25 days vs 36 days). Zinc supplementation in infants reduced acute lower respiratory tract infection duration, and doses exceeding 75 mg/day shortened common cold duration by 42%. Selenium deficiency was linked to poorer COVID-19 recovery rates in a Chinese study.
Conclusion: Although further research is needed to establish definitive treatment protocols, optimizing micronutrient status through supplementation and dietary interventions presents a promising avenue to enhance host immunity against COVID-19 and future pandemics. A proactive, individualized approach incorporating micronutrient optimization and comprehensive nutritional care can contribute significantly to individual and public health resilience against infectious threats.
Parametric Study on the Behavior of Coupled Shear Walls with High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams: Influence of Key Design Parameters
Authors: Abdelhafeez Mostafa
Published: January 2025

Coupling beams significantly influence the performance of coupled shear wall systems under lateral forces. To ensure adequate behavior under lateral load-induced deformations and stresses, coupling beams are typically reinforced with complex reinforcement configurations, such as diagonal bars and confinement reinforcement. However, these reinforcement schemes can complicate construction. In slender coupling beams with an aspect ratio of approximately 3.0, the shallow angle of the diagonal reinforcement (less than 20 degrees) relative to the beam's longitudinal axis raises questions about the effectiveness of this reinforcement. This study investigates the impact of utilizing tensile strain-hardening high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) in coupling beams. A nonlinear static analysis using the Applied Element Method was conducted to assess the behavior of coupling beams with HPFRC. The analysis was validated using previously tested specimens. A parametric study was performed, considering factors such as the material type (HPFRC vs. regular concrete), the longitudinal reinforcement ratio in coupling beams, the incorporation of HPFRC within the coupled walls, the presence of diagonal reinforcement with or without confining stirrups, the coupling beam's aspect ratio, and the fiber ratio. The results indicated that the use of HPFRC enhances the beam's capacity and provides superior energy dissipation compared to traditional reinforced concrete.
Don't let MI be misunderstood: Measurement invariance is more than a statistical assumption
Authors: Sterner Philipp , Pargent Florian , Rudnev Maksim , Goretzko David
Published: January 2025

Measurement invariance (MI) is often treated as a statistical prerequisite for meaningful comparisons of constructs across groups or time points. However, this perspective overlooks the substantive implications (a lack of) MI can have for psychological theories of constructs. In this paper, we frame MI as a causal concept with theoretical significance. We present a causal framework based on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that allows researchers to reason about potential causes of non-invariance and include them in their modeling strategy. We argue that non-invariance should not be seen as prohibitive for further exploration and analyses but as an opportunity to generate new insights about constructs and their measurement. That is, under non-invariance, data need a different treatment than simply comparing constructs between groups and causal reasoning can guide researchers in this regard. We demonstrate the causal framework through an application to the study of acquiescent response style. We further discuss an extension of the causal framework to longitudinal designs. When investigating the invariance of measurements over time, the framework can help to take into account expected or desired non-invariance; for example, when constructs evolve over time or certain interventions might change measurement models. By presenting MI as a substantive finding with theoretical implications, we aim to bridge the gap between methodological rigor and applied research reality.
How karma harms and helps generosity towards those in need
Authors: White Cindel , Willard Aiyana Koka
Published: January 2025

Three preregistered cross-cultural studies (N=6049 across India, Singapore, and the United States) tested how belief in karma shapes victim blaming and helping. Study 1 found that belief in karmic causality positively predicts a variety of system-justifying beliefs that legitimate social inequalities, but experimental reminders of karma also encouraged generosity towards others experiencing financial hardship. Studies 2-3 tested whether karma framing had different effects on generosity towards different recipients, who varied in their level of need and reason for need. Thinking about karma changed the importance of recipient characteristics, with need being less predictive and external attributions more predictive of giving when thinking about karma. Overall, experimental reminders of karma only reliably increased generosity towards recipients whose financial need was no fault of their own, showing that karmic beliefs draw attention to the reasons for people’s bad fortune, and evoke responses to misfortune that are sensitive to naturalistic explanations.
An Assessment on The Effect of Immigrant Entrepreneurship on Local Economic Development in South Africa: A Literature Analysis
Authors: Malatji Thabiso , Makgamatha Mpho Gift
Published: January 2025

Migration is an important phenomenon primarily driven by powerful economies and labor market forces. The movement of people across country borders, especially from less developed to more prosperous countries, has a substantial impact in several dimensions. People worldwide have been migrating across continents for food, shelter, safety, and jobs. Today, people are still on the move for the same reasons, and new reasons are arising: they want to be in countries with economic growth and democracy. Moreover, the most important reason for migration is to make money and send remittances to their home countries. The study seeks to assess the effect of immigrants on local economic growth in South Africa. This qualitative study relied much on online secondary data from different search engines. More money is going out of the country than the money coming into the country. The article intends to contribute to the existing body of knowledge and inform local government so that the businesses owned by immigrants can contribute to regional economic growth. Findings from this study revealed that most self-employed immigrants are not banking their money; they send money home to their own countries, hurting South Africa's economy.
Technology as a Pedagogical Strategy in South African Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Masenya Malesela Jim , Maloa Mmakgosi Precilla
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges of employing Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and its impacts on all sectors of society, including the education sector. Transfer of knowledge, which is one of the foundations of learning, is among the most fundamental social achievements of human beings. The concept of moving the traditional classroom of desks, notebooks, pencils, and blackboard to an online forum of computers, software, and the internet intimidates many teachers who are accustomed to the face-to-face interaction of the traditional classroom. Education is viewed as one of the key mechanisms of achieving social transformation. Although educational challenges demand multi-pronged approaches, which may include both traditional teaching approaches and innovative non-digital instructional designs, it is the role of educational technology that is the focus of this paper. South African higher education has considerable strengths. In several areas of learning and teaching, its institutions offer academic programs that produce high-quality graduates with knowledge, competencies, and skills to practice occupations and professions anywhere in the world. It is in this educational context that new opportunities for educational technology have arisen. The paper argues that online education provides an environment where all and often marginalized voices can be heard and also contribute to higher participation of students as well as collaborative learning. The paper concludes that educational technology has a key role to play in South African higher education as one of the strategies for addressing teaching and learning concerns.
Kajian Geospasial Pemetaan Bidang Tanah Terdaftar Pada Program Pendaftaran Tanah Kota Lengkap di Kecamatan Selaparang, Kota Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Setiawan Akemat Rio , Hartono Rudi , Putra Dewa Putu Asmara , Damayanti Astrid
Published: January 2025

Land registration is a government requirement to ensure legal clarity, protect the rights of landowners, and understand the land's identity. Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) as a national strategic program aims to build and maintain the quality of land plot data. To map a land plot, it is necessary to check its position to overcome existing gaps and overlaps. This research aims to evaluate the quality of spatial data on land plots in Selaparang District with a focus on identifying gap and overlap problems. The process of mapping land plots generates a distribution map, aiming to establish ownership of properly landed land plots. This research uses a spatial approach that can provide accurate and comprehensive mapping of land plots using a Geographic Information System. The results demonstrate that the number of registered lands in each sub-district identifies land plots that have undergone repair and are free from gaps and overlaps. This can support efficient development and land management programs and help the city of Mataram become a complete one. Analysis and improvement of land data is important to ensure data accuracy and integrity, reduce land conflicts, and improve land governance and better development planning.
 
Pendaftaran tanah merupakan keharusan pemerintah untuk menjamin kejelasan hukum dan melindungi hak pemilik tanah, serta memahami identitas tanah. Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) sebagai program strategis nasional bertujuan membangun dan menjaga kualitas data bidang tanah. Untuk memetakan bidang tanah, perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan posisi guna mengatasi gap dan overlap yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas data spasial bidang tanah di Kecamatan Selaparang dengan fokus pada identifikasi masalah gap dan overlap. Pemetaan bidang tanah menghasilkan peta sebaran bidang tanah yang bertujuan guna mewujudkan kepemilikan bidang tanah yang terlandingkan dengan tepat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan spasial yang dapat memberikan pemetaan yang akurat dan menyeluruh mengenai bidang tanah menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bidang tanah yang telah diperbaiki dan bebas dari gap dan overlap dapat diidentifikasi jumlah tanah terdaftar di masing-masing kelurahan. Hal tersebut dapat mendukung program pembangunan dan pengelolaan tanah secara efisien serta membantu Kota Mataram menjadi Kota Lengkap. Analisis dan perbaikan data pertanahan ini penting guna memastikan akurasi dan integritas data, mengurangi konflik pertanahan, dan meningkatkan tata kelola lahan serta perencanaan pembangunan yang lebih baik.
Pelindungan Lahan Pertanian: Studi Komparatif Sistem Administrasi Pertanahan di Indonesia dan India
Authors: Aina Destriananda Safa
Published: January 2025

Land is a vital element in food production, but its area continues to shrink due to land conversion and degradation. This research aims to analyze the comparative land administration in Indonesia and India, which is a world food producing country, using four land administration indicators, namely ownership, use, value and land registration. The research method is juridical-normative with a regulatory, comparative, and conceptual approach. In terms of land ownership, India has regulations that limit agricultural land ownership to farmers only, which has not been adopted in Indonesia. In terms of use, the second country prohibits the conversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes and imposes sanctions for violations. In this case, India offers a fairer scheme to protect farmers compared to India. However, in terms of land registration, Indonesia is superior because land certificates are considered strong evidence and provide legal certainty of ownership. While in India, the land registration system is still assumptive because it is not based on definitive documents such as land certificates.
 
Tanah adalah elemen vital dalam produksi pangan, namun luasnya terus menyusut akibat alih fungsi dan degradasi lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan administrasi pertanahan di Indonesia dan India yang merupakan negara penghasil pangan dunia dengan menggunakan empat indikator administrasi pertanahan, yaitu kepemilikan, penggunaan, nilai, dan pendaftaran tanah. Metode penelitian adalah yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, perbandingan, serta konseptual. Dalam aspek kepemilikan lahan, India memiliki regulasi yang membatasi kepemilikan tanah pertanian hanya bagi petani, yang belum diadopsi di Indonesia. Dari segi penggunaan, kedua negara melarang konversi lahan pertanian untuk tujuan non-pertanian dan menetapkan sanksi atas pelanggaran. Dalam hal kompensasi, India menawarkan skema yang lebih adil untuk melindungi petani dibandingkan dengan Indonesia. Namun, dalam hal pendaftaran tanah, Indonesia lebih unggul karena sertifikat tanah dianggap sebagai bukti yang kuat dan memberikan kepastian hukum atas kepemilikan. Sedangkan di India, sistem pendaftaran tanah masih bersifat asumtif karena tidak didasarkan pada dokumen definitif seperti sertifikat tanah.
The search for the basic components of matter, from the glass bell to the gold sheet
Authors: Calderón J. P. , Sánchez A. , Porta A. V. , Orozco Susana
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo mostramos como el estudio de las descargas eléctricas a través de los gases condujo al descubrimiento de los constituyentes de la materia. Presentamos una revisión de experimentos fundamentales para el descubrimiento de los bloques que constituyen todos los materiales. La narración comienza con los experimentos de Lavoisier, quien al realizar reacciones químicas en ambientes controlados dentro de campanas de vidrio logró destacar la importancia de las medidas precisas y conocer algunos conceptos fundamentales involucrados en las reacciones químicas. Nuestra presentación de los descubrimientos no es histórica; sino que es un relato de las hipótesis que motivaron los experimentos, algunos detalles específicos de los mismos, una discusión de los conceptos involucrados y la forma en la que sus resultados contribuyeron a la modificación de las ideas establecidas. Concluimos con las ideas de Rutherford sobre la estructura de los átomos y sus experimentos con partículas alfa y láminas de oro.