bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular ambivalence in a digital age
Authors: Dent Alexander S. , Bell Joshua A. , Kuipers Joel C.
Published: February 2022

This article explores ambivalence to understand the cellular technology use of teenagers, their parents and teachers in Washington, DC. Our interlocutors view phones as crucial for managing school, work, friendship and family — while also providing potentially dangerous ‘distractions’. The intimate possibilities afforded by these cell phones interact in unpredictable ways with the vast and largely unknown networked publics that phones often provide access to. As these tensions play out in teenagers' lives, these ambivalences are an increasingly important framework by which they confront worrisome trends towards greater social and digital inequality, as well as racial divides. As seductive as dystopian and utopian views of technology are, we need to lean into one of the hallmarks of anthropology and do what ethnography does best: seek to understand the lived realities — in this case, of the relationship between technology and ambivalence.
Sacrocolpopexy using autologous rectus fascia: Cohort study of long‐term outcomes and complications
Authors: Wang Rui , Reagan Krista , Boyd Sarah , Tulikangas Paul
Published: February 2022

Objective

To evaluate objective and subjective outcomes of patients who underwent sacrocolpopexy using autologous rectus fascia to provide more data regarding non‐mesh alternatives in pelvic organ prolapse surgery.

Design

Ambispective cohort study with retrospective and prospective data.

Setting

A single academic medical centre.

Population

Women who underwent abdominal sacrocolpopexy using autologous rectus fascia between January 2010 and December 2019.

Methods

Patients were recruited for a follow‐up visit, including completing the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI‐20) and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP‐Q) examination. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected.

Main outcome measures

Composite failure, anatomic failure, symptomatic failure and retreatment.

Results

During the study period, 132 women underwent sacrocolpopexy using autologous rectus fascia. The median follow‐up time was 2.2 years. Survival analysis showed that composite failure was 0.8% (95% CI 0.1%–5.9%) at 12 months, 3.5% (95% CI 1.1%–10.7%) at 2 years, 13.2% (95% CI 7.0%–24.3%) at 3 years and 28.3% (95% CI 17.0%–44.8%) at 5 years. The anatomic failure rate was 0% at 12 months, 1.4% (95% CI 0.2%–9.2%) at 2 years, 3.1% (95% CI 0.8%–12.0%) at 3 years and 6.8% (95% CI 2.0%–22.0%) at 5 years. The symptomatic failure rate was 0% at 12 months, 1.3% (95% CI 0.2%–9.0%) at 2 years, 2.9% (95% CI 0.7%–11.3%) at 3 years and 13.1% (95% CI 5.3%–30.3%) at 5 years. The retreatment rate was 0.8% (95% CI 0.1%–5.9%) at 12 months and 2 years, 9.4% (95% CI 4.2%–20.3%) at 3 years and 13.0% (95% CI 6.0%–27.2%) at 5 years.

Conclusion

Autologous rectus fascia sacrocolpopexy may be considered a safe and effective alternative for patients who wish to avoid synthetic mesh.

Tweetable abstract

Sacrocolpopexy using autologous rectus fascia is a safe and effective alternative to synthetic mesh.
Reducing health inequality in Black, Asian and other minority ethnic pregnant women: impact of first trimester combined screening for placental dysfunction on perinatal mortality
Authors: Liu Becky , Nadeem Usaama , Frick Alexander , Alakaloko Morakinyo , Bhide Amar , Thilaganathan Basky
Published: February 2022

Objective

To assess the impact of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) first trimester screening algorithm for pre‐eclampsia on health disparities in perinatal death among minority ethnic groups.

Design

A retrospective cohort study from July 2016 to December 2020.

Setting

A large London teaching hospital.

Patients and methods

All women who underwent first trimester pre‐eclampsia risk assessment using either the NICE screening checklist or the FMF multimodal approach. Women considered at high‐risk in the FMF cohort were offered 150 mg aspirin before 16 weeks' gestation, serial growth scans and elective birth at 40 weeks.

Main outcome measures

Stillbirth, neonatal death and perinatal death rates stratified by screening method and maternal ethnicity.

Results

In the NICE cohort, the perinatal death rate was significantly higher in non‐white than white women (7.95 versus 2.63/1000 births, OR 3.035, 95% CI 1.551–5.941). Following the introduction of FMF screening, the perinatal death rate in non‐white women fell from 7.95 to 3.22/1000 births (OR 0.403, 95% CI 0.206–0.789), such that it was no longer significantly different from the perinatal mortality rate in white women (3.22 versus 2.55/1000 births, OR 1.261, 95% CI 0.641–2.483).

Conclusions

First trimester combined screening for placental dysfunction is associated with a significant reduction in perinatal death in minority ethnic women. Health disparities in perinatal death among ethnic minority women demand urgent attention from both clinicians and health policy makers. The data of this study suggest that this ethnic health inequality may be avoidable.

Tweetable abstract

Multimodal early pregnancy placental dysfunction screening can lead to a significant reduction in perinatal deaths in non‐white women.
Loss of circRNAs from the crh‐1 gene extends the mean lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Knupp David , Jorgensen Brian G. , Alshareef Hussam Z. , Bhat Jaffar M. , Grubbs Jeremy J. , Miura Pedro , van der Linden Alexander M.
Published: February 2022

Accumulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) during aging occurs on a genome‐wide level for multiple organisms, but its significance is unknown. Generating circRNA loss‐of‐function mutants is difficult because the vast majority of these RNAs are comprised of exons shared with protein‐coding mRNAs. In Caenorhabditis elegans, most circRNAs were previously found to accumulate during aging. Two of the most abundant, age‐accumulating circRNAs are generated from exon 4 of the crh‐1 gene (circ‐crh‐1). Here, we found that the biogenesis of circ‐crh‐1 was regulated by the double‐stranded RNA‐binding protein ADR‐1. We identified Reverse Complementary Match (RCM) sequences in introns flanking circ‐crh‐1. Using CRISPR‐Cas9, we deleted the downstream RCM and found that this completely eliminated expression of the circRNA without affecting linear mRNA expression from the crh‐1 gene. Remarkably, worms lacking circ‐crh‐1 exhibited a significantly longer mean lifespan. Lifespan was partially restored to wild type by expression of circ‐crh‐1 in neural tissues. Widespread transcriptome alterations in circ‐crh‐1 mutants were identified using RNA‐Seq. Moving forward, intronic RCM deletion using CRISPR should be a widely applicable method to identify lifespan‐regulating circRNAs in C. elegans.
Trajectory and course of problematic alcohol use after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Eight‐year follow‐up of the Higashi‐Matsushima cohort study
Authors: Morishima Ryo , Usami Satoshi , Ando Shuntaro , Kiyono Tomoki , Morita Masaya , Fujikawa Shinya , Araki Tsuyoshi , Kasai Kiyoto
Published: February 2022

Background

Problematic alcohol use (PAU) after natural disasters is an unignorable public health issue. However, the long‐term trajectory and course of PAU after an earthquake disaster remain unknown.

Methods

The Higashi‐Matsushima cohort study was conducted between 2012 (time 1) and 2019 (time 8) in areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. In the annual health checks, participants responded to self‐report questionnaires on PAU, traumatic experiences (e.g., house damage), resources (e.g., social support), and other covariates (e.g., gender, psychological distress). The trajectory and course of PAU were estimated by latent growth model and latent class analyses. Risk factors for the long‐term course of PAU were calculated by multinomial logistic regression analysis with multiple imputation. The analytical sample comprised 8929 residents who participated in at least one survey across the eight time points.

Results

The trajectory of PAU showed a sustained trend (slope <0.001). Three potential courses of PAU (No PAU course: 84.3%, Subthreshold PAU course: 12.4%, and Persistent PAU course: 3.4%) were estimated. The long‐term course of PAU, especially the persistent PAU course, was predicted by house damage (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.92), less social support (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.96), gender (male) (OR = 16.86, 95% CI 9.42 to 30.20), and psychological distress (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.20).

Conclusions

Long‐term support is needed after an earthquake disaster, especially for residents who in early phases of the disaster suffer from PAU, males, and those in vulnerable situations resulting from conditions such as severe house damage, low social support, or high psychological distress.
Variables associated with methamphetamine use within the past year and sex differences among patients with methamphetamine use disorder: A cross‐sectional study in Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Taisuke , Kimura Takashi , Tamakoshi Akiko , Matsumoto Toshihiko
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives

Methamphetamine use disorder is the most common reason for psychiatrist visits among illicit drug users in Japan. Although variables associated with methamphetamine use and sex differences have been reported in the United States, Australia, and Asian countries, such studies are rare in Japan. We examined methamphetamine use within the past year among patients receiving treatment by sex and proposed important treatment targets.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study analyzed the Nationwide Mental Hospital Survey on Drug‐related Psychiatric Disorders. We divided 1086 men and 376 women into two groups according to methamphetamine use within the past year and conducted log‐binomial regression analyses by sex to examine the variables associated with methamphetamine use. For methamphetamine users, the source was identified.

Results

Women were more likely to obtain methamphetamine from their friends, acquaintances, family members, or partners than men. Multivariable regression analysis showed that younger age in both sexes and higher educational attainment (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.57) and employment (PR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.05–1.51) were associated with methamphetamine use in men. Age‐adjusted regression analysis showed that the variables associated with methamphetamine use were comorbid alcohol abuse and cannabis abuse in women and benzodiazepine abuse in both sexes.

Conclusion and Scientific Significance

In women, in particular, the surrounding relationships related to methamphetamine might be considered treatment targets. Young and working patients might need more accessible outpatient clinics and treatment programs. Comorbid substance abuse should be assessed and treated.
Telemedicine in urogynaecology during COVID‐19 in Hong Kong: An assessment of Chinese patients’ acceptability using a validated questionnaire
Authors: Chung Carmen Diana , Wong Daniel
Published: February 2022

Aims

There is no urogynaecology teleconsultation services available in Hong Kong’s public health system. This cross‐sectional study aimed to assess Chinese womens’ acceptance of teleconsultations during the COVID‐19 pandemic using the validated Telemedicine Perception Questionnaire (TMPQ).

Materials and Methods

One hundred and fifty‐one patients attending our urogynaecology clinic between February and March 2021 were recruited for an in‐person interview. Patients who could not comprehend the questionnaire due to neurological or psychiatric conditions were excluded. TMPQ is a 17‐item, five‐point Likert scale questionnaire developed to assess the acceptability of telemedicine. Scores range from 17 to 85; a higher score reflects a more positive overall perception of telemedicine. Additional questions on demographics, medical history, Internet access and transport arrangements were included.

Results

Mean age was 67.5 ± 11.3 years. Mean TMPQ score was 53.93 ± 8.49. Younger age, higher education, employment, prior telecommunication platform usage, lower travelling costs and interest in telemedicine were associated with a higher TMPQ score (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis found age (β = −0.132, 95% CI (confidence interval): −0.225 to −0.04), interest in telemedicine (β = 10.169, 95% CI: 8.073–12.266) and post‐operative status (β = 4.743, 95% CI: 1.172–8.314) significantly predicted TMPQ score (adjusted R2 = 0.427).

Conclusions

Our study found that the acceptability of telemedicine in Hong Kong was weak and identified patient groups that showed favourable attitudes. Future research directions would be to perform pilot studies to assess any change in perception after using telemedicine so that this service can be provided to patient groups who would benefit most, ensuring effective use of public resources.
The woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) from Ondorkhaan, eastern Mongolia
Authors: Handa Naoto , Izuho Masami , Takahashi Keiichi , Iizuka Fumie , Tsogtbaatar Batmunkh , Gunchinsuren Byambaa , Odosuren Davakhuu , Ishitseren Lochin
Published: February 2022

The Mammoth Faunas, the famous cold‐adapted mammal assemblages, were distributed widely across northern Eurasia and North America during the Late Pleistocene. The now extinct woolly rhinoceros, Coelodonta antiquitatis, was a major component. Abundant fossil remains of this species with radiocarbon dates have been reported through almost all of northern Eurasia, but the fossil rhinoceroses of Mongolia are poorly known. Here, we describe a rhinocerotid skeleton from Ondorkhaan, eastern Mongolia, and compare it with four Late Pleistocene rhinoceros species of northern Eurasia (Elasmotherium sibiricum, Stephanorhinus hemitoechus, Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis and C. antiquitatis), resulting in its identification as a woolly rhinoceros (C. antiquitatis). Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates obtained from two samples (ODK01 and ODK02) of the skeleton essentially agree, 42 160–40 040 cal. a BP and 42 105–39 955 cal. a BP, and the two samples had δ13C values of −19.5‰ and −20.2‰ SMMKW, respectively. This find suggests that the Mammoth Faunas were distributed in eastern Mongolia c. 45–40 ka during the period of climatic amelioration between Heinrich events 5 (H5: 46 000 cal. a BP) and 4 (H4: 39 000 cal. a BP).
On the role of domestic trade flows for estimating the gravity model of trade
Authors: Yotov Yoto V.
Published: February 2022

The gravity equation is the workhorse model of trade. Despite solid theoretical foundations and clear gains from theory‐consistent policy analysis, there are still gaps between gravity theory and empirics. This paper focuses on domestic trade flows, and I argue that there are significant benefits from adhering to theory by estimating gravity equations with domestic (in addition to international) trade flows. I review the related literature and synthesize 15 arguments for using domestic trade flows in gravity estimations. The analysis reveals the need for further theory contributions and new data developments, and points to opportunities for more policy applications.
Deconvolution microscopy: A platform for rapid on‐site evaluation of fine needle aspiration specimens that enables recovery of the sample
Authors: Liao Haihui , Sheridan Todd , Cosar Ediz , Owens Christopher , Zuo Tao , Wang Xiaofei , Akalin Ali , Kandil Dina , Dresser Karen , Fogarty Kevin , Bellve Karl , Baer Christina , Fischer Andrew
Published: February 2022

Context

Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) optimises the performance of cytology, but requires skilled handling, and smearing can make the material unavailable for some ancillary tests. There is a need to facilitate ROSE without sacrificing part of the sample.

Objective

We evaluated the image quality of inexpensive deconvolution fluorescence microscopy for optically sectioning non‐smeared fine needle aspiration (FNA) tissue fragments.

Design

A portion of residual material from 14 FNA samples was stained for 3 min in Hoechst 33342 and Sypro™ Red to label DNA and protein respectively, transferred to an imaging chamber, and imaged at 200× or 400× magnification at 1 micron intervals using a GE DeltaVision inverted fluorescence microscope. A deconvolution algorithm was applied to remove out‐of‐plane signal, and the resulting images were inverted and pseudocoloured to resemble H&E sections. Five cytopathologists blindly diagnosed 2 to 4 representative image stacks per case (total 70 evaluations), and later compared them to conventional epifluorescent images.

Results

Accurate definitive diagnoses were rendered in 45 (64%) of 70 total evaluations; equivocal diagnoses (atypical or suspicious) were made in 21 (30%) of the 70. There were two false positive and two false negative “definite” diagnoses in three cases (4/70; 6%). Cytopathologists preferred deconvolved images compared to raw images (P < 0.01). The imaged fragments were recovered and prepared into a ThinPrep or cell block without discernible alteration.

Conclusions

Deconvolution improves image quality of FNA fragments compared to epifluorescence, often allowing definitive diagnosis while enabling the ROSE material to be subsequently triaged.
Spinal cord gray matter atrophy is associated with functional decline in post‐polio syndrome
Authors: Wendebourg Maria Janina , Weigel Matthias , Richter Laura , Gocheva Vanya , Hafner Patricia , Orsini Anna‐Lena , Crepulja Valentina , Schmidt Simone , Huck Antal , Oechtering Johanna , Blatow Maria , Haas Tanja , Granziera Cristina , Kappos Ludwig , Cattin Philippe , Bieri Oliver , Fischer Dirk , Schlaeger Regina
Published: February 2022

Objective

To determine if patients with post‐polio syndrome (PPS) show spinal cord gray matter (SCGM) atrophy and to assess associations between SCGM atrophy, muscle strength and patient‐reported functional decline.

Methods

Twenty patients diagnosed with PPS (March of Dimes criteria) and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC) underwent 3T axial 2D‐rAMIRA magnetic resonance imaging at the intervertebral disc levels C2/C3–C6/C7, T9/T10 and the lumbar enlargement level (Tmax) (0.5 × 0.5 mm2in‐plane resolution). SCGM areas were segmented manually by two independent raters. Muscle strength, self‐reported fatigue, depression and pain measures were assessed.

Results

Post‐polio syndrome patients showed significantly and preferentially reduced SCGM areas at C2/C3 (p = 0.048), C3/C4 (p = 0.001), C4/C5 (p < 0.001), C5/C6 (p = 0.004) andTmax(p = 0.041) compared to HC. SCGM areas were significantly associated with muscle strength in corresponding myotomes even after adjustment for fatigue, pain and depression. SCGM areaTmaxtogether with age and sex explained 68% of ankle dorsiflexion strength variance. No associations were found with age at or time since infection. Patients reporting PPS‐related decline in arm function showed significant cervical SCGM atrophy compared to stable patients adjusted for initial disease severity.

Conclusions

Patients with PPS show significant SCGM atrophy that correlates with muscle strength and is associated with PPS‐related functional decline. Our findings suggest a secondary neurodegenerative process underlying SCGM atrophy in PPS that is not explained by aging or residua of the initial infection alone. Confirmation by longitudinal studies is needed. The described imaging methodology is promising for developing novel imaging surrogates for SCGM diseases.
Breeding for adaptation to climate change: genomic selection for drought response in a white spruce multi‐site polycross test
Authors: Laverdière Jean‐Philippe , Lenz Patrick , Nadeau Simon , Depardieu Claire , Isabel Nathalie , Perron Martin , Beaulieu Jean , Bousquet Jean
Published: February 2022

With climate change, increasingly intense and frequent drought episodes will be affecting water availability for boreal tree species, prompting tree breeders and forest managers to consider adaptation to drought stress as a priority in their reforestation efforts. We used a 19‐year‐old polycross progeny test of the model conifer white spruce (Picea glauca) replicated on two sites affected by distinct drought episodes at different ages to estimate the genetic control and the potential for improvement of drought response in addition to conventional cumulative growth and wood quality traits. Drought response components were measured from dendrochronological signatures matching drought episodes in wood ring increment cores. We found that trees with more vigorous growth during their lifespan resisted better during the current year of a drought episode when the drought had more severe effects. Phenotypic data were also analyzed using genomic prediction (GBLUP) relying on the genomic relationship matrix of multi‐locus gene SNP marker information, and conventional analysis (ABLUP) based on validated pedigree information. The accuracy of predicted breeding values for drought response components was marginally lower than that for conventional traits and comparable between GBLUP and ABLUP. Genetic correlations were generally low and nonsignificant between drought response components and conventional traits, except for resistance which was positively correlated to tree height. Heritability estimates for the components of drought response were slightly lower than for conventional traits, but similar single‐trait genetic gains could be obtained. Multi‐trait genomic selection simulations indicated that it was possible to improve simultaneously for all traits on both sites while sacrificing little on gain in tree height. In a context of rapid climate change, our results suggest that with careful phenotypic assessment, drought response may be considered in multi‐trait improvement of white spruce, with accelerated screening of large numbers of candidates and selection at young age with genomic selection.
International development in Africa: Historiographical themes and new perspectives
Authors: Moskowitz Kara
Published: February 2022

This article explores scholarship on the history of international development in Africa and highlights promising new perspectives. The literature review reveals common themes in writing on the history of development—neocolonialism, knowledge production, and statecraft—but also shows that scholars have given too much power to development paradigms and policies. While the scholarship has demonstrated the rhetorical significance of development and the importance of developmentalist states, historians have paid less attention to institutional cleavages, material outcomes, and the complexity of development intervention on the ground. New work draws on oral histories to center local communities, while also examining national and transnational actors and contexts. Examining how development was executed on the ground, and how local communities experienced and reconfigured development, has the potential to help scholars completely rethink these histories. Recent scholarship demonstrates the long‐term continuities of development; the disjunctures between economic theory and development practice; the particular forms of power and modalities of governance that have emerged in different settings; and the social, political, and material implications for local communities targeted by the international development apparatus.
Synthesis of highly purified and crystallized h‐BN using calcium‐assisted carbothermal reduction nitridation
Authors: Daiki Shota , Ishikawa Toshihiro
Published: February 2022

Highly purified and crystallized hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) powder is suitable as thermally conductive filler in resins. To obtain h‐BN powder with large particle size, as well as high purity and crystallinity, high‐temperature heat treatment over 1800°C in a N2 gas atmosphere is effective. The carbothermal reduction nitridation (CRN) involves the carbothermic reduction of boric oxide in a N2 gas atmosphere. In CRN using a CaO promoter, h‐BN particles with high crystallinity can be obtained by a simple heat treatment process. CaO prevents the evaporation of boron oxide and aids in h‐BN particle growth at high temperatures. However, CaB6 is formed as byproduct or impurity when CRN using the CaO promoter is performed at temperatures higher than 1800°C. In this study, the relationship between the products and the reaction temperature was clarified via thermodynamic considerations and experimentation. The results clarified the ideal reaction process of CRN using a CaO promoter to obtain highly purified and crystallized h‐BN powder.
Combination of nonlinear optical properties in thermally poled germanotellurite glass‐ceramics
Authors: Lo Nhat Truong , Nguyen Hoai Nam , Dao Ngoc Lam , Hoang Minh Son
Published: February 2022

The existence of optical nonlinear properties in silver‐oxide‐doped and ‐undoped germanotellurite glasses by using thermal poling treatment was demonstrated and compared. The variation of second‐order nonlinear optical characteristics with poling voltage and their stability with time were observed via the macroscopic second harmonic generation measurement. The study also includes the investigation of enhancement of the nonlinear property by thermally poling K[Nb1/3Te2/3]2O4.8 volume‐distributed glass‐ceramic composite in which the role of silver in ceramic component and the modified surface structure layer of the glass component would be further discussed.
Interventions to improve calcium intake through foods in populations with low intake
Authors: Bourassa Megan W. , Abrams Steven A. , Belizán José M. , Boy Erick , Cormick Gabriela , Quijano Carolina Diaz , Gibson Sarah , Gomes Filomena , Hofmeyr G. Justus , Humphrey Jean , Kraemer Klaus , Lividini Keith , Neufeld Lynnette M. , Palacios Cristina , Shlisky Julie , Thankachan Prashanth , Villalpando Salvador , Weaver Connie M.
Published: February 2022

Calcium intake remains inadequate in many low‐ and middle‐income countries, especially in Africa and South Asia, where average intakes can be below 400 mg/day. Given the vital role of calcium in bone health, metabolism, and cell signaling, countries with low calcium intake may want to consider food‐based approaches to improve calcium consumption and bioavailability within their population. This is especially true for those with low calcium intake who would benefit the most, including pregnant women (by reducing the risk of preeclampsia) and children (by reducing calcium‐deficiency rickets). Specifically, some animal‐source foods that are naturally high in bioavailable calcium and plant foods that can contribute to calcium intake could be promoted either through policies or educational materials. Some food processing techniques can improve the calcium content in food or increase calcium bioavailability. Staple‐food fortification with calcium can also be a cost‐effective method to increase intake with minimal behavior change required. Lastly, biofortification is currently being investigated to improve calcium content, either through genetic screening and breeding of high‐calcium varieties or through the application of calcium‐rich fertilizers. These mechanisms can be used alone or in combination based on the local context to improve calcium intake within a population.
Functional analysis of the miR‐145/Fascin1 cascade in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Noguchi Shunsuke , Tanimoto Nanami , Nishida Ruisa , Matsui Asuka
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) often develops in the gingiva and tonsils. The biological behavior of canine oral SCC is similar to that of human head and neck SCC (HNSCC). Inhibiting invasion and metastasis is major importance for the treatment of canine and human HNSCC. In this study, the significance of microRNA (miR)‐145 and Fascin1 (FSCN1) in the invasion of canine oral SCC was explored.

Materials and methods

Canine oral SCC tissues and cell lines were used for miR‐145 and FSCN1 expression analysis via real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Canine oral SCC cell lines were used for in vitro assays.

Results

miR‐145 was downregulated while FSCN1 mRNA was upregulated in canine oral SCC. Immunohistochemistry revealed that FSCN1 was upregulated in SCC when compared to normal mucosa. Transfection of canine SCC cells with miR‐145 or FSCN1 siRNA suppressed cell growth and attenuated cell migration as well as invasion by inhibiting the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, the promoter region of miR‐145 was highly methylated in SCC cell lines and tissues.

Conclusion

The expression profile and functions of miR‐145 in canine oral SCC are similar to those in human HNSCC. Thus, canine oral SCC may represent a valuable preclinical model for human HNSCC.
Do energy consumption and carbon emissions impact economic growth? New insights from India using ARDL approach
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Kaur Jasvinder
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the association among energy consumption, carbon‐dioxide emission, and India's economic growth along with supplemental variables including foreign direct investment, population density, inflation, and agricultural land. An autoregressive distributive lag model is applied over annual time‐series data from 1985 to 2019. Further, the robustness and novelty of the model are confirmed by applying fully modified ordinary‐least‐square, dynamic ordinary‐least‐square, canonical co‐integrating regression, variance decomposition, and impulse response function. The analysis results indicate that a cointegration association exists among variables. In the short run, the profound determinants of economic development are energy consumption, carbon‐dioxide emission, inflation, and agricultural land. In the long run, both inflation and agricultural land significantly negatively influence economic growth while carbon emission drives a positive impact. Interestingly, a one‐way Granger causality runs from economic growth towards energy consumption, carbon emission, and agricultural land. The new research presents a comprehensive understanding of economic growth indicators, aiding policymakers, and advancing existing literature. Consequently, as a recommendation, the policymakers should constitute explicit goals for renewable energy consumption to stimulate sustainable economic growth with carbon emission reduction.
Drought attenuates plant defence against bacterial pathogens by suppressing the expression of CBP60g/SARD1 during combined stress
Authors: Choudhary Aanchal , Senthil‐Kumar Muthappa
Published: February 2022

In nature, plants are frequently exposed to drought and bacterial pathogens simultaneously. However, information on how the drought and defence pathways interact and orchestrate global transcriptional regulation is limited. Here, we show that moderate drought stress enhances the susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Using transcriptome meta‐analysis, we found that drought and bacterial stress antagonistically modulate a large set of genes predominantly involved in salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling networks. We identified that the levels of SA and ABA are dynamically regulated during the course of stress. Importantly, under combined stress, drought through the ABA pathway downregulates the induction of Calmodulin‐binding Protein 60 g (CBP60g) and Systemic Acquired Resistance Deficient 1 (SARD1), two transcription factors crucial for SA production upon bacterial infection. We also identified an important role of NPR1‐LIKE PROTEIN 3 and 4 (NPR3/4) transcriptional repressors in the drought‐mediated negative regulation of CBP60g/SARD1 expression. Using a genetic approach, we show that CBP60g/SARD1 expression is the key determinant of plant defence against bacterial pathogens under combined stress. Thus, these transcription factors act as critical nodes for the crosstalk between drought and bacterial stress signalling under combined stress in plants.
Peritoneal dialysis for term neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Akbalık Kara Mehtap , Pınarbaşı Ayşe Seda , Çelik Muhittin
Published: February 2022

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the indications, complications, and outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in term neonates from a state hospital.

Methods

The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of 67 newborn term infants who underwent PD within the first 4 weeks of life between June 2014 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Twenty‐five patients (37.3%) were male, 42 (63.7%) were female. The mean gestational age was 38.3 ± 0.8 (range: 37–40) weeks and mean birthweight 3,100 ± 504.9 g (range: 1,800–5,000 g). The mean age of patients at the start of dialysis was 7.97 ± 8.34 days (range:1–44 days) and the mean duration for dialysis was 3 ± 5.42 days (range 1–40 days). The majority of patients who underwent PD had inborn error of metabolism (59.7%). The most common complication was dialysate leakage. Thirty‐three neonates (49.2%) died during PD process because of underlying disease, 17 patients (25.4%) were referred to other centers, and 17 patients (25.4%) were discharged. There were seven acute kidney injury patients associated with hypernatremic dehydration. There were statistically significant differences between non‐survivors and survivors in terms of dialysis duration, birthweight, weight at admission, requirements for mechanical ventilation, and inotrop agent, and also the renal angina index.

Conclusions

In our region, hypernatremic dehydration is still a one of the major cause for acute kidney injury (AKI) in newborns. In state hospitals, pediatric specialists must be present in neonatal intensive care units in order not to refer unstable patients to other centers and to provide high‐quality patient care.
Theorizing social change
Authors: Zheng Robin
Published: February 2022

In this article I argue that social change deserves to be recognized as an area of philosophical study in its own right. I provide a non‐exhaustive overview of existing philosophical work that addresses the problem of social change, alongside a preliminary framework elucidating some key concepts and distinctions for conceptualizing transformative social change. More specifically, I sketch out two broadly opposed approaches to social change — “liberal” versus radical — in order to excavate some assumptions underlying extant philosophical literatures (and popular thinking) about change. I then briefly outline some other fundamental problems common to all processes of social change.
Photodynamic Therapy‐Induced Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression in Tumor‐Draining Lymph Nodes Regulates B‐Cell Expression of Interleukin 17 and Neutrophil Infiltration
Authors: Falk‐Mahapatra Riddhi , Gollnick Sandra O.
Published: February 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective anticancer modality approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Antitumor immunity can be augmented during PDT by inducing sterile inflammation in an acute manner, and this process is characterized by interleukin 17 (IL‐17)‐mediated neutrophil infiltration to tumor‐draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). However, the inflammatory factors that influence IL‐17 expression in TDLNs are poorly understood. Prior studies have linked the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)‐driven prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway to IL‐17 expression. Here, we report that an immune‐activating PDT regimen (imPDT) induces COX2/PGE2 expression in TDLNs, whereby IL‐17 expression is facilitated without corresponding effects on the expression of RORγt, the transcriptional driver of the canonical IL‐17 pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition with NS398, a COX2 inhibitor, was utilized to demonstrate that imPDT‐induced COX2 regulates RORγt‐independent expression of IL‐17 by B cells and neutrophil entry into TDLNs. Depletion of B cells prior to imPDT significantly reduced neutrophil entry into TDLNs following treatment, and diminishes the efficacy of imPDT, which is dependent upon antitumor immunity. These findings are suggestive of a novel role for B cells in the augmentation of antitumor immunity by imPDT.
NTRK gene fusions are detected in both secretory and non‐secretory breast cancers
Authors: Maund Sophia L. , Sokol Ethan S. , Ang Houle Armande , Ross Jeffrey S. , Wilson Timothy R.
Published: February 2022

NTRK fusions represent a new biomarker‐defined population that can be treated with TRK inhibitors. Although rare, NTRK fusions are detected across a wide range of solid tumors. Previous reports suggest that NTRK fusions are limited to the secretory subtype of breast cancer. Here we examined NTRK fusions in a large real world next‐generation sequencing (NGS) dataset and confirmed secretory versus non‐secretory status using H&E images. Of 23 NTRK fusion‐positive cases, 11 were classified as secretory, 11 as non‐secretory, and one as mixed status. The secretory subtype trended younger, was predominantly estrogen receptor (ER)–, had lower tumor mutational burden, and exhibited lower levels of genomic loss of heterozygosity. The non‐secretory subtype was enriched for TP53 mutations. The secretory subtype was enriched for ETV6‐NTRK3 fusions in 7 of 11 cases, and the non‐secretory subtype had NTRK1 fusions in 7 of 11 cases, each with a different fusion partner. Our data suggests NTRK fusions are present in both secretory and non‐secretory subtypes, and that comprehensive genomic profiling should be considered across all clinically advanced breast cancers to identify patients that could receive benefit from TRK inhibitors.
Surgical site infection‐inflammation in dogs draped with a single‐layer Kraton elastic seal extremity drape for stifle surgery
Authors: Morgera Alison E. , Hoelzler Michael G. , Scavelli Thomas D. , Hackett Amy L.
Published: February 2022

Objective

To compare the incidence of surgical site infection‐inflammation in dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery of the stifle after draping with a single‐layer Kraton elastic seal patient drape or conventional double‐layer drapes.

Study design

Prospective clinical trial.

Sample population

A total of 789 dogs.

Methods

Dogs were assigned to one of two groups: (1) conventional draping with 4‐corner drapes and an overlying patient drape (n = 390) or (2) a Kraton seal extremity patient drape without 4‐corner drapes (n = 399). All dogs were evaluated for surgical site infection‐inflammation by 21 days and 6 months postoperatively.

Results

The distribution of surgical procedures did not differ between draping techniques and included tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA,n = 480), tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO,n = 10), extracapsular lateral suture (ECLS,n = 130), medial patellar luxation repair (MPL,n = 63), lateral patellar luxation repair (LPL,n = 1), ECLS/MPL (n = 68), TTA/MPL (n = 12), TTA with joint capsule biopsy (n = 1), and stifle arthroscopy combined with TTA or TPLO (n = 24). Duration of follow up was 180 days (range 3‐180 days) for clinical examinations and 182 days (range 2‐182 days) for phone communications.

Infection‐inflammation was documented in 9 dogs after double‐layer draping and 11 dogs after single‐layer draping at 21 days postoperatively and in 12 dogs after double‐layer draping and 7 dogs after single‐layer draping at 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

No difference in postoperative infection‐inflammation was detected between canine stifle surgeries draped with a single‐layer Kraton extremity patient drape or double‐layer drapes.

Clinical significance

The single‐layer Kraton extremity patient drape is a viable alternative to conventional double‐layer draping in canine stifle surgery.
Best practice guidance and reporting items for the development of scoping review protocols
Authors: Peters Micah D.J. , Godfrey Christina , McInerney Patricia , Khalil Hanan , Larsen Palle , Marnie Casey , Pollock Danielle , Tricco Andrea C. , Munn Zachary
Published: February 2022

Objective:

The purpose of this article is to clearly describe how to develop a robust and detailed scoping review protocol, which is the first stage of the scoping review process. This paper provides detailed guidance and a checklist for prospective authors to ensure that their protocols adequately inform both the conduct of the ensuing review and their readership.

Introduction:

Scoping reviews are a common approach to evidence synthesis for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers across a variety of fields. Scoping reviews are not concerned with making analytical comparisons based on pooling results data from multiple primary sources of evidence, but rather on collating and describing the evidence and presenting the summation in a clearly illustrated format. Methods for undertaking and reporting scoping reviews continue to be refined. Some prospective reviewers may be uncertain how to plan, structure, and report scoping review protocols, as there is little or no specific guidance for scoping review protocols yet available.

Methods:

This guidance was developed by members of the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group based on previous experience and expertise in developing scoping review and evidence synthesis methodologies, protocols, and reviews, as well as through experiences working with and guiding authors to develop scoping review protocols. Elements of a comprehensive scoping review protocol are outlined and explained in detail.

Conclusion:

Knowledge users of evidence syntheses rely on clear and transparent reporting to understand and use the results of published work to drive evidence-based improvements within health care and beyond. It is hoped that readers will be able to use this guidance when developing protocols to assist them in planning future scoping reviews and to carry them out with a high degree of transparency.
La concentración del mercado de la auditoría en Perú
Authors: Gómez Gerardo , Sandoval Imán Jesús Enrique , Poma Heber
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la concentración del mercado de auditoría en Perú en el período 2014-2019. Se construyó una data con los honorarios pagados por las empresas auditadas que fueron obtenidos del Reporte sobre el cumplimiento del Código de Buen Gobierno Corporativo de las empresas que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima. La muestra la constituyen 638 empresas de diferentes sectores económicos de Perú. Utilizando indicadores de concentración de mercado, segmentación por sectores económicos y segmentación por tamaño de la empresa auditada es posible mostrar que el mercado de auditoría está altamente concentrado y dominado por las big four, que existen barreras de entrada para que las pequeñas sociedades de auditoría puedan brindar sus servicios a las empresas auditadas de mayor tamaño, que las sociedades de auditoría que dominan el mercado están especializadas por sectores de la economía peruana. Se comprueba también que se han especializado por tamaño de la empresa auditada y que las firmas de auditoría son eficientes en costos para poder atender de manera permanente a los diferentes segmentos de empresas auditadas.
POBLACIÓN SENEGALESA EN LA SEVILLA TURÍSTICA. Venta ambulante e inmigración en la vieja y en la nueva normalidad
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla, Moreno Maestro Susana
Published: February 2022

Los resultados que presentamos forman parte de la investigación, todavía en curso, "Desarrollo urbano e impactos socio-espaciales del sector turístico en grandes ciudades andaluzas" (proyecto i+d+i PAIDI-FEDER). ¿Son los puestos y mercadillos de la ciudad una mercancía más que ofertar al turista o, por el contrario, su mantenimiento es un indicador de la permanencia de una población diversa, entre la que se encuentra la población migrante de origen senegalés? ¿Es posible la diversidad de los usos locales? Para atender a esta cuestión hemos analizado el tratamiento dado al comercio ambulante por parte del consistorio municipal de Sevilla, cuyo diseño de ciudad está marcado por la hiperespecialización de la economía en el turismo. A su vez, para el análisis de la situación de los propios comerciantes ambulantes, nos hemos centrado en la población senegalesa de la ciudad, incorporando en nuestro análisis el parón sufrido por la actividad como consecuencia del covid 19. Tomar como unidad de observación a un colectivo migrante nos ha permitido, además, introducir en el análisis, por un lado, la relación turismo e inmigración y, por otro, la relación entre la percepción (y el tratamiento) de la actividad y la población que la práctica.
Kinesiology Therapeutic Taping Does Not Reduce Swelling Caused by an Acute Ankle Sprain: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Gabriel Emily H. , Sibert Nicole C. , Powden Cameron J.
Published: February 2022

Clinical Scenario: A common rehabilitation goal after an acute lateral ankle sprain is the management of swelling. Traditionally, ice, elevation, and compression are used to manage swelling to create an optimal healing environment. It has been proposed that alternative interventions, such as kinesiology therapeutic (KT) tape, could be used to reduce swelling following acute ankle injury. Clinical Question: Is the application of KT tape an effective modality to address swelling after acute lateral ankle sprains? Summary of Key Findings: A systematic search was completed to identify articles that examined the impact of KT tape on swelling after an acute ankle sprain. A total of 206 articles were retrieved. Three articles were identified that compared KT tape with other interventions in the management of swelling due to acute ankle sprain. All 3 included studies had high critical appraisal scores using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Clinical Bottom Line: The current evidence suggests that KT tape may have comparable effects on swelling to elastic bandages when both were used in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, when compared with a sham intervention or when used in combination with acupuncture, the use of KT tape had no effects on swelling. Together, these findings indicate that KT tape has limited to no clinical utility to reduce swelling following an acute lateral ankle sprain. Strength of Recommendation: Based on the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy, the clinical bottom line is based on grade B evidence.
Carcinomas build barriers
Authors: Baek Amy E.
Published: February 2022

Carcinomas evade T cells by building a self-protective, filamentous coating.
Infection or a third dose of mRNA vaccine elicits neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Charmetant Xavier , Espi Maxime , Benotmane Ilies , Barateau Véronique , Heibel Francoise , Buron Fanny , Gautier-Vargas Gabriela , Delafosse Marion , Perrin Peggy , Koenig Alice , Cognard Noëlle , Levi Charlène , Gallais Floriane , Manière Louis , Rossolillo Paola , Soulier Eric , Pierre Florian , Ovize Anne , Morelon Emmanuel , Defrance Thierry , Fafi-Kremer Samira , Caillard Sophie , Thaunat Olivier
Published: February 2022

Transplant recipients, who receive therapeutic immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection, are characterized by high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related mortality and defective response to vaccines. We observed that previous infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but not the standard two-dose regimen of vaccination, provided protection against symptomatic COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients. We therefore compared the cellular and humoral immune responses of these two groups of patients. Neutralizing anti–receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were identified as the primary correlate of protection for transplant recipients. Analysis of virus-specific B and T cell responses suggested that the generation of neutralizing anti-RBD IgG may have depended on cognate T-B cell interactions that took place in germinal center, potentially acting as a limiting checkpoint. High-dose mycophenolate mofetil, an immunosuppressive drug, was associated with fewer antigen-specific B and T follicular helper (T
FH
) cells after vaccination; this was not observed in patients recently infected with SARS-CoV-2. Last, we observed that, in two independent prospective cohorts, administration of a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine restored neutralizing titers of anti-RBD IgG in about 40% of individuals who had not previously responded to two doses of vaccine. Together, these findings suggest that a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine improves the RBD-specific responses of transplant patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs.