bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eutrophication and Fisheries: Separating the Effects of Nitrogen Loads and Hypoxia on the Pelagic-to-Demersal Ratio and other Measures of Landings Composition
Authors: Hondorp Darryl W. , Breitburg Denise L. , Davias Lori A.
Published: October 2010

Building on previous analyses suggesting that the composition of fishery landings reflects the effects of eutrophication on mobile fish and benthos, we examined landings composition in relation to nitrogen loading and the spatial extent of hypoxia in a cross-system comparison of 22 ecosystems. We hypothesized that explicit consideration of both N and hypoxia is important because nutrient enrichment has been shown to have contrasting direct and indirect effects on fisheries. Consistent with this premise, patterns in landings composition differed with respect to N load and the spatial extent of hypoxia. For example, the ratios of pelagic to benthic and demersal biomass in fishery landings (P/D) exhibited a decreasing trend across ecosystems with progressively higher N but were significantly and positively correlated with the spatial extent of hypoxia. The P/D ratios were particularly high in systems with extensive and persistent hypoxia and particularly low in several estuaries where purse seining is prohibited or not used. In analyses that considered all systems, benthic and demersal landings did not decrease at high N as predicted by previous conceptual models, and the negative association with the spatial extent of hypoxia was statistically significant only when the Black Sea was included in the analysis. Landings of pelagic planktivores did not vary with the spatial extent of hypoxia but were positively related to N for all systems combined and for semi-enclosed seas. The trophic and size composition of fishery landings were not related to N or hypoxia, perhaps because landings of large, high-trophic-level species are more influenced by fishery exploitation or practices that mask the effects of water quality. Our results suggest that the response of fisheries to eutrophication differs from prevailing paradigms, which do not clearly distinguish between nutrient and hypoxia effects on fishery landings and do not consider the important influence of fishing practices and regulations on patterns in landings data.
Regional planning and sustainability: Towards integration in the Uk and EU
Authors: Glasson John
Published: October 2010

A key premise of the paper is that the regional level of planning is a particularly appropriate level for the integration of biophysical and socio-economic development issues. The UK, and the European Union (EU) more generally, have witnessed some important developments in regional planning practice over the last decade which have sought to encourage such integration. The paper reviews examples of innovative applications of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Sustainability Appraisal (SA), in relation to EU Structural Funds, the new generation of UK Regional Plans, and UK Multi-Model Transport Corridor studies. It concludes with an appraisal of progress to date towards the goal of a more integrated approach.
Web based knowledge network for planning and development
Authors: Bajic-Brkovic Milica
Published: October 2010

The application of web-based technologies in developing the knowledge network for planning and development is the topic of this paper. Despite the fact that the web phenomenon is relatively new in the profession and not yet entirely explored, there is evidence which suggests that e-services are amongst the most rapidly growing sectors in the profession today. Numerous e-technologies for planning purposes have already been developed, and often fully integrated into the planning practice. This paper explores the state of the art in the field, and discusses the way the e-based alternative could be utilized in everyday planning practice. At the outset, the existing know-how is presented, followed by the assessment of the tools against the principles of a good planning practice. The challenges to the alternative are highlighted in the last section, and debated vis-?-vis the observed benefits. Implications for concrete planning practice are at the heart of the overall discussion.
Introducing strategic environmental assessment in Serbia with special reference to the European Union directive and infrastructure corridors
Authors: Crncevic Tijana
Published: October 2010

In July 2001, the European Union (EU) adopted the Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 27 June 2001 on the Assessment of the Effects of Certain Plans and Programmes on the Environment, known as the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive. The EU countries will have three years, until July 2004, for the integration of the SEA Directive into national laws. The SEA Directive introduces procedural and technical requirements, according to which environmental assessment is compulsory for certain plans and programs but not for policies, except if they are a part of a plan, as well for plans and programs of national defence, civil emergencies, finance and budgets. According to the scope of the SEA Directive, environmental assessment is compulsory for plans and programs for infrastructure corridors ? transport, telecommunication and energy systems. In addition to the overview of the general framework for Strategic Environmental Assessment and the main requirements of the SEA Directive, the current situation in Serbia regarding the present condition of SEA is presented with special reference to the infrastructure corridors. One of the conclusions of this paper is that the main limitation for the implementation of SEA for plans and programs covering infrastructure corridors is the current legal situation. The main law which is supposed to introduce SEA has not been adopted yet, while the scope of the SEA within the new Planning and Construction Act includes SEA only for urban plans and does not cover, among others, plans for infrastructure corridors.
Experience of cumulative effects assessment in the UK
Authors: Piper Jake
Published: October 2010

Cumulative effects assessment (CEA) is a development of environmental impact assessment which attempts to take into account the wider picture of what impacts may affect the environment as a result of either multiple or linear projects, or development plans. CEA is seen as a further valuable tool in promoting sustainable development. The broader canvas upon which the assessment is made leads to a suite of issues such as complexity in methods and assessment of significance, the desirability of co-operation between developers and other parties, new ways of addressing mitigation and monitoring. After outlining the legislative position and the process of CEA, this paper looks at three cases studies in the UK where cumulative assessment has been carried out - the cases concern wind farms, major infrastructure and off-shore developments.
Sustainable urban environmental quality
Authors: Toskovic Dobrivoje
Published: October 2010

MEANING as the essential element of urban quality. The role of the three main factors for the urban quality achievement: PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT and PEOPLE. Next to that, it is important to assume the identity of the local CONTEXT as the essential base for designing and shaping of form development. The problems of the quality achievements in the situation of the permanent changes. In such an environment - the RENEWAL of the towns become the basic strategic orientation requiring - evaluation of the development policy instruments. On the road of changes there are PROBLEMS of a strategic nature which should be, firstly, defined and, then, solved before entering in the process of structuring and arrangement. One of these problems is NEW versus OLD. Transition to a new policy of urbanism relying, first of all, on the private investors and international funds of the local authorities - call for a NEW STRATEGY in urbanism, in the context of the sustainability of environment. The sustainability of quality and the categories of the influencing factors. The sustainability of quality as a twofold process of urban design. The quality of environment as an aesthetic phenomenon. The urban situation and environmental quality: feasibility of changes and effects; the environmental capacity as an indicator and quality determinant. The urban quality and international experience. The evaluation of our urban situation. INSTEAD OF CONCLUSION: A general review on the visions and urban quality policy and planning. Toward an evaluation of urban environmental quality: negative and positive indicators; sustainable communities environmental ruling and urban quality planning.
Elements of spatial data quality as information technology support for sustainable development planning
Authors: Joksic Dusan , Bajat Branislav
Published: October 2010

We are witnessing nowadays that the last decade of the past century, as well as the first years of the present one, have brought technology expansion with respect to spatial data gathering and processing which makes a physical basis for management of spatial development. This has resulted in enlargement of the spatial data market. New technologies, presented in computer applications, have greatly expanded the number of users of these products. The philosophy of spatial data collecting has changed; analogue maps and plans printed on paper have been replaced by digital data bases which enable their presentation in a way that is the best for a particular user. Further, digital spatial data bases provide the possibility of their further upgrading by users. The two aspects, with respect to circumstances mentioned above, are very important in the process of data bases production and distribution. Firstly, the users of these data bases should be the ones who decide which of the available bases could satisfy their requirements, or in other words, what is the data quality level necessary for a certain application. On the other hand, the visualization of digital data bases could often mislead, since review of data bases could present data with better accuracy then the actual one. Thus, certain methods that would point to a quality of the selected data in the process of their analysis should be available to users. Specific, already adopted international standards, or specially developed procedures and methodologies, so called de facto standards, could be used in this data processing, enabling the estimation of these data quality. The development of Open GIS concept requires the adoption of widely accepted standards for spatial data quality. It is recommended that ISO standards should be accepted, firstly TC211 standards which are related to geographic information and geomatics. The realization of projects on ISO standards should be finished by 2006, so, all participants of these data bases should be both familiar with this project and ready to adapt to the given solutions. The basic components defining quality of data bases are explained by this work, and the results of the standardization regarding the procedures and methodology of their quality assessment, obtained so far, are also presented.
Priority environmental investment programme: Development and implementation
Authors: Njegovan Zoran
Published: October 2010

This paper is created to serve as a methodological base and possible work plan for Assistance in Priority Environmental Investment Programme Development and Implementation in the Republic of Serbia. It will contribute to improved mechanisms for selection of priority environmental investments. Also, the paper should outline a scope of work for technical assistance for Republic of Serbia in developing mechanisms for identifying and selecting priority environmental investments. The main feature of the long-term environmental policy in the Republic of Serbia is absence of integrated approach, which goes hand by hand with the international environmental standards, and lack of efficient economic instruments and regulations. It causes an inadequate technology policy and location of the polluters. Besides that there has been a lack of appropriate environmental monitoring system good enough to provide efficient ex-ante and ex-post protection. It has caused a lot of environmental damages so that a completely new approach in the field of environment is expected to be created out of which the Priority Environmental Investment Programme (PEIP) should be a main tool for experience of good environmental governance in the Republic of Serbia as well as in the region of SEE.
The concept and principles of sustainable architectural design for national parks in Serbia
Authors: Milosevic Predrag
Published: October 2010

The paper elaborates the concept of sustainable architectural design that has come to the forefront in the last 20 years, and in the light of the National Park. This concept recognizes that human civilization is an integral part of the natural world and that nature must be preserved and perpetuated if the human community itself is to survive. Sustainable design articulates this idea through developments that exemplify the principles of conservation and encourage the application of those principles in our daily lives. A corollary concept, and one that supports sustainable design, is that of bio-regionalism - the idea that all life is established and maintained on a functional community basis and that all of these distinctive communities (bio-regions) have mutually supporting life systems that are generally self-sustaining. The concept of sustainable design holds that future technologies must function primarily within bioregional patterns and scales. They must maintain biological diversity and environmental integrity contribute to the health of air, water, and soils, incorporate design and construction that reflect bio-regional conditions, and reduce the impacts of human use. Sustainable design, sustainable development, design with nature environmentally sensitive design, holistic resource management - regardless of what it's called, "sustainability," the capability of natural and cultural systems being continued over time, is the key. Sustainable design must use an alternative approach to traditional design and the new design approach must recognize the impacts of every design choice on the natural and cultural resources of the local, regional, and global environments. Sustainable park and recreation development will succeed to the degree that it anticipates and manages human experiences. Interpretation provides the best single tool for shaping experiences and sharing values. By providing an awareness of the environment, values are taught that are necessary for the protection of the environment. Sustainable design will seek to affect not only immediate behaviors but also the long-term beliefs and attitudes of the visitors.
Strategic framework for sustainable development in the period of transition towards market economy: Critical overview of the strategy of long-term development of Serbia
Authors: Hadzic Miroljub , Zekovic Slavka
Published: October 2010

This paper offers a critical analysis of the strategic framework for long-term economic development of Serbia, of the role of strategic development in the success of the transition process, and the consequences of the lack of a development strategy. The strategy of long-term economic development of Serbia, as a programme intended to designate the economic and development policy of the state, is analyzed with the aim of finding an acceptable formulation of development strategy. The authors consider various approaches and propose a strategy for Serbia in the period of transition towards market economy. They also point out that, in the period of transition from a government-planned towards a market economy, strategy should be given greater importance than in periods that do not represent turning points, because of the greater possibility of incorrect policy making, potential conflicts of interest groups, reaching sustainable development, and maximizing prosperity. The authors take into account the advantages and disadvantages of the radical and of the gradualist approach to transition and propose formulating a development strategy that would contain combined elements of plan and market mechanisms. They believe that the process of transition lacks a clear development strategy, and that the quality of the existing development strategy of Serbia until 2010 is such that it cannot be understood as a serious approach to the transition issue. The authors stress the consequences of undergoing transition without a development strategy, that include inappropriate dynamic and sequence of reforms; a lack of coordination between development policy, macroeconomic policy, market reforms, and spatial planning policy; higher costs of transition, insufficient rate of economic growth, etc. They offer proposals for a comprehensive development framework (CDF) and for strategic planning of territorial industrial development.
Residents' view on resettlement issue of Vreoci: Sustainability or phrases
Authors: Petric Jasna
Published: October 2010

Further expansion of Kolubara lignite basin indicates a necessity to limit future territorial encompass and spatial development of the present semi-urban settlement of Vreoci which is located some 50 km to the south from Belgrade. There is a part of Vreoci which has already been expropriated for the purposes of lignite exploitation, yet the possibility to resettle the town as a whole is still to be validated according to appropriate technical documentation and the feasibility study. Having that estimation of the total cost for such a venture so far showed to be unreliable, the Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning professional team was engaged by the Electric Power of Serbia state company in order to prepare and conduct a questionnaire study on conditions for total resettlement of Vreoci. Before the actual fieldwork took place in June-July 2005, citizens of Vreoci were well informed on the questionnaire content and the interviewing period. The questionnaire was thus conducted through face-to-face interviews with one representative per household who could give all relevant information concerning this study. Though the questionnaire covered information on households as well as on their premises (general facts about constructions built on the household lots), this paper is focused on the first type of information and makes an emphasis on residents' opinion regarding viable/ sustainable options for their resettlement.
Implementation of strategic environmental assessment in Serbia: Case of spatial plan of Kolubara lignite basin
Authors: Maricic Tamara
Published: October 2010

Although considered as an important tool for environmental evaluation of plans and programmes, inclusion of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in Serbian legislation was inevitable as a part of the accession process to the European Union. The first part of this paper will focus on presentation of the SEA system in Serbia and its implication as the result of current geopolitical and environmental trends. Taking into consideration the economic importance of the mining regions, but also the damage to the surrounding environment, in the second part of this paper the authors will try to review the significance of SEA implementation in spatial planning of Kolubara lignite basin.
Chasing the limelight: Belgrade and Istanbul in the global competition
Authors: Stupar Aleksandra , Hamamcioglu Cenk
Published: October 2010

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare main changes of contemporary Belgrade and Istanbul - two urban nodes at the crossroads of different and multileveled flows. Following the same pattern of global activation, inevitable competition and networking, these cities are trying to synchronize their multidimensional background, establish new patterns of global behavior and adjust them to the dynamism of modern life. Consequently, their historical role has been modified, urban tissue has been developed, recreated and regenerated, and the output of this process represents an attractive testimony of their global initiation. Revealing the ambiguous nature of strong economic forces as well as a new fusion of urban cultures, Belgrade and Istanbul are structuring the globalized image with the new key-elements. However, their true potential and the real efficiency of this process should be re-evaluated - the changed physiognomy of the city could improve its position in the global hierarchy and facilitate its integration into the global community, but, sometimes, local limitations are too complex and too strong to be ignored.
Complex history as a source of planning problems: Old Belgrade fairground
Authors: Vukotic-Lazar Marta , Djokic Jasmina
Published: October 2010

The Old Belgrade Fairground complex is the large area in the center of Belgrade that is completely isolated from other parts of Belgrade: it is one of the most devastated city areas, populated by poor inhabitants, often by those from the marginal groups, burdened with tragic history and it represents one of hardest problems for planners to solve. It is situated on the left bank of the Sava River between two bridges and downtown New Belgrade. Opposite to it, the Sava Amphitheatre slopes down the Belgrade Ridge towards the river. The complex was built in the thirties of the 20th century across the River Sava in the area that was an unpopulated swamp - Belgrade was situated on the right Sava bank. It was meant to be modern extension of oriental city, which could represent the western tendencies of the young state (Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and its capital. Modern and monumental complex of exhibition and commercial pavilions was built, and started its life with national and international fairs and exhibitions. World War 2 changed its destiny: German occupation forces transformed the complex into the concentration camp, where thousands of people were tortured and killed. After the war, new republican government, both communist and antifascist, had double frustration regarding this space: it?s tragic (during the War) and "capitalist" (before the War) past, so complex that was absolutely ignored in the period of the postwar renewal, and the result is described at the beginning of this text. This paper discusses the possibility to conciliate historical roles of the complex, and to realize it?s potentials in the modern world. Facts of the complex?s history are presented in the first part of the paper. Further on, these facts are analyzed in the context of contemporary city development of Belgrade in particular but globally, too.. Finally, some guidelines for crossing the gap between this area and the rest of the city are presented in the third part of the paper.
Barcelona: Towards a new urban planning approach
Authors: Acebillo Josep
Published: October 2010

nema
Development of new economic poles in metropolitan areas: Belgrade example
Authors: Zekovic Slavka , Spasic Nenad , Maricic Tamara
Published: October 2010

nema
An evaluation of the self-help housing scheme in Botswana, case of Gaborone city
Authors: Ikgopoleng Horatio , Cavric Branko
Published: October 2010

Botswana like other developing countries faces a problem of acute shortage of housing, particularly for low-income urban families. The current housing problems are the outcomes of the economic, demographic and social changes which the country has experienced since independence in 1966. In particular the urbanization process which surfaced in the early 1980?s. The government has sought to cope with the problem of low-income urban housing by establishing a Self-Help Housing (SHHA) program in the main urban centers. The evaluation findings reveal that, on the whole, the impact of the SHHA approach on the improvement of low-income urban housing has been unsuccessful. The major problems of the scheme are lack of serviced land and inadequate finances for plot development. This has been exacerbated by the high urban development standards which are out of the reach of low-income urban families. The evaluation study also reveals that, there are some indications of non low-income urban households living in SHHA areas. The available evidence reveals that the number of those people in SHHA areas is not as big as has been speculated by most people in the country. However this paper calls for more investigation in this issue and a need for more tight measures to control this illicit practice. The major conclusions are that housing policies in Botswana are not supportive of the general housing conditions in low-income urban areas. Therefore there is a need for urban planners and policy makers of Botswana to take more positive action towards the improvement of low-income urban areas. This would require pragmatic policies geared towards the improvement of those areas. .
The analytic hierarchy process as a support for decision making
Authors: Filipovic Milanka
Published: October 2010

The first part of this text deals with a convention site selection as one of the most lucrative areas in the tourism industry. The second part gives a further description of a method for decision making - the analytic hierarchy process. The basic characteristics: hierarchy constructions and pair wise comparison on the given level of the hierarchy are allured. The third part offers an example of application. This example is solved using the Super - Decision software, which is developed as a computer support for the analytic hierarchy process. This indicates that the AHP approach is a useful tool to help support a decision of convention site selection. .
Legislative and policy in energy efficient designing and renewable energy sources: Application in Serbia
Authors: Pucar Mila , Nenkovic-Riznic Marina
Published: October 2010

This paper analyses political and legislative frames in the field of energy efficient building and renewable energy sources in planning and implementation in Serbia. ?Development strategy until 2015.? is reviewed in concise portrait. This strategy maps a way for the application of energy services of much higher quality than ones offered at a present day. It reviews relevant laws concerning the subject, as well as institutions, programs and their implementation. Basic principles of energy policy in Serbia and their achievement are also given by that strategy. Serbia's energy policies are designed to allow new legislative, structural, organizational, institutional, and economic frames and visions of unification of Serbian energetics into regional and Pan-European integrations. One of the key factors is the inclusion of sustainable development and energy efficient design concerned policies. Application of these, almost completely neglected, energy sources, for which there is high potential in Serbia, would allow preservation of primary energy sources and local environment. This potential hasn't seen significant research, and therefore, neither the technical improvement. Apart from that, one of the goals of wider application of renewable energy sources is lowering the poverty level. This helps avoiding the already used ?dirty development? method. .
Urban form and planning in the information age: Lessons from literature
Authors: Maeng Da-Mi , Nedovic-Budic Zorica
Published: October 2010

This paper focuses on the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICT) and urban form, and on urban planning response to spatial and economic consequences of ICT. It starts with literature-based review of how urban environments in the United States change with technological advances and explanations of the relationship between ICT and urban form. The paper also includes a discussion of the manner in which ICT impact is handled by urban planning. The literature review points to insufficient attention to the dynamics between ICT and urban planning and increasing gap between physical and economic development implications of ICT. It is the role of urban planners to balance the consideration of the physical and economic aspects against the prospects and opportunities offered by ICT. .
Evaluation of the current urban land system in Serbia
Authors: Zekovic Slavka
Published: October 2010

A preliminary evaluation of the current urban land system is presented in the article together with the instruments of land policy in Serbia. It is concluded that due to the limitations of the current regulation it will be impossible in the future to apply market principles in the urban land policy (supply and demand of land, land capitalization, investment efficiency, et al.). Based on the estimation that the urban land system and land policy are key factors of competitiveness between regions and towns in Serbia, it is necessary to initiate changes in this field. A comparative analysis of the elements of the current urban land system in Serbia has been carried out in relation to two market systems: (a) with dominant private ownership of urban land (neoliberal approach) and (b) with dominant public ownership of urban land (Scandinavian approach) whose findings can be a basis for further study of the new system in Serbia. .
Some measures for soil regulation in Belgrade peri-urban zone
Authors: Miljkovic-Zivanovic Jelena
Published: October 2010

The development of controlled and planned construction of peri-urban areas in Belgrade and Serbia did not exist in the last decades. Depending on different factors, urban area of Belgrade sprawles on fertile agricultural soil, often causing the accelerated or progressive changes in agricultural soil use. Evidently, that kind of city development is not sustainable from the viewpoint of natural resources protection (agricultural soil protection in the first place), nor from the viewpoint of entire environment protection. This paper analyses functional and environmental measures for agricultural soil use regulation in Belgrade region. Also, paper looks into the issues of concern for substantiation of means for soil regulation and protection in Serbia, especially in Belgrade, through analysis world's and domestic soil regulatives and new EU guidelines regarding sustainable soil use and urban development. The attention is drawn to protect agricultural hinterland of Belgrade region by basic planning arrangements. .
Livable human communities: A sustainability narrative
Authors: Cotner Douglas
Published: October 2010

This paper will explore the subject of ?Livable Human Communities? as the
product of ?Sustainable Development?, which is rooted in the ?Science of
Sustainability?. Public policy to facilitate Livable Human Communities will
also be examined, with recommendations proffered, which are science based,
within the context of a sustainable development paradigm, which is reliant
upon the ?Ecological Footprint? and ?A Unified Field Theory of Adapted
Space?, for policy formation purposes.
Self-replicating systems in spatial form generation: The concept of cellular automata
Authors: Petrusevski Ljiljana , Devetakovic Mirjana , Mitrovic Bojan
Published: October 2010

The self-replicating systems introduced theoretically by von Neumann, are
widely examined in biology, computing, geometry, engineering sciences etc. In
this study the authors are focused on the concept of cellular automata (CA)
and its possible application in processes of spatial form generation. The
study has been realized with participation of 60 senior architecture
students, creating various spatial forms by using the CA concept, within the
series of elective courses titled Generic Explorations. The experimental
activity is supported by the software Fun3D, i.e. its CA module, which has
been created at the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture, to
support generative processes in the field of architecture. After introducing
a general idea of the self-replicating systems, the authors explain the major
principles of CA, particularly the issues of layered 2D automata, discussing
possible approaches to spatial form creation. The study examines CA based on
a cubic cell, evolving to a rectangular cuboid where width/height/length
ratio can differ, as well as the gap between cells and some of the visual
features, like color, transparency, texture etc. Creators of various spatial
forms can set a pattern of initial cells, and define a rule for a
self-reproduction of a single cell. Combinations of multiple CA systems have
been introduced, as an entirely original approach to the problem of form
generation in general. A variety of approaches to the generation of spatial
form, resulted from the experimental activity, indicate a significant
potential of the CA concept application in many areas of spatial design. The
authors suggest a range of interpretations of a resulted generic form, such
as architectural, urban, product design, exhibition systems etc.
Possibilities for transformation of the urban land management in Serbia
Authors: Zekovic Slavka
Published: October 2010

The paper presents possibilities for establishment of a new market-based
concept of the urban land management in Serbia in the period of transition.
Urban land system and land policy are very important factors for
competitiveness of cities in Serbia and initiating changes in this field is a
necessity. The article discusses an option for privatization of urban public
land and possible establishment and inclusion of leasehold land. Some open
questions concerning the choice of the urban land system concept are
considered, the possibility of urban land privatization and possibility for
the establishment of leasehold of urban public land in Serbia. The paper
concludes that there is a lack of political will to fairly solve problems of
urban land reforms under the new market conditions. Some current research
options suggested a reform based on privatization of public urban land, but
there was no research on other options (leasehold for the majority of public
land).
Problems of spatial-functional organization of Juzno Pomoravlje region’s network of settlements
Authors: Krunic Nikola , Tosic Dragutin , Milijic Sasa
Published: October 2010

During the elaboration of the Regional spatial plan of the municipalities of
Juzno Pomoravlje (Region Juzno Pomoravlje) a special attention was paid to
its network of settlements. Demographical and functional determinants of this
network were analyzed based on the relevant theoretical-methodological
concepts and qualitative-quantitative indicators. Settlement network of Juzno
Pomoravlje was considered as a subsystem of the Republic of Serbia?s
settlements? system. Correlation and causality between processes of spatial
and socio-economic migration of population and functional transformation of
settlements have been highlighted, which caused differentiation of the
Region?s municipalities to: urban cores - peri-urban rings - suburban more or
less urbanized villages and rural surroundings. Models of decentralized
concentration and micro-developing nuclei are proposed as instruments for
decentralization of the Region or its municipalities. Based on the level of
spatial-functional integration of settlements, regional as well as municipal
and micro-functional - micro-regional structures have been identified. This
paper gives conceptual and strategic proposals of spatial-functional
organization of Juzno Pomoravlje, which are based on settlements?
determinants. Authors suggest that functional premises define determinants
for the Regional spatial plan and steer the sectoral and strategic decisions.
Potentials and limitations of spatial and demographic development in Kosovo-Metohija lignite basin
Authors: Spasic Nenad , Petovar Ksenija , Jokic Vesna
Published: October 2010

The initial research carried out for the purpose of elaborating the Spatial
Plan for Kosovo-Metohija Lignite Basin indicated the need to address numerous
conflicts and opposing interests in the area concerned. This required the
Plan to focus on harmonizing the economic, social and spatial aspects of
developing a mining-energy-industrial system (hereinafter MEIS) and its
surroundings, devising the new ways for the protection of local population
interests and use of novel approaches in dealing with the environmental
consequences of lignite exploitation and processing. The area wherein
Kosovo-Metohija lignite deposits are found is replete with diverse
conflicting interests, including insufficient and uneven development,
extremely large overall and especially agrarian population density (among the
highest in Europe), unemployment and a sizable portion of the grey economy,
low level and quality of services of public interest, ethnic conflicts and
polarization, etc. The environmental effects of MEIS activities in a
situation of this kind were revealed by the early stages of research in all
segments of economic, social and spatial development, along with a high
degree of environmental degradation. The main conflict in the Plan area is
the one between mining and agriculture, i.e. open pit lignite mining and
high-fertility soil covering lignite deposits. The conflict is additionally
aggravated by the remarkable density of agricultural population on this
territory and high selling prices of the land. Therefore, a substantial part
of the Plan?s propositions was related to the conditions of settlement and
infrastructure relocation, population resettlement and measures to relieve
the tensions and prevent the outbreak of potential conflicts in implementing
the Plan. The Spatial Plan is conceived as a complex and comprehensive
document defining the framework, basic principles, starting points and
measures tackling the numerous development conflicts, spatial, social and
ecological limitations, including the relevant analytical and data bases
deriving from field research and surveys. Despite the fact that under the UN
SC Resolution 1244, the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija has been
under the jurisdiction of the United Nations since June 1999, we believe that
the Draft of the Spatial Plan and the research work done for its purpose are
still valid, since to this date there have been no attempts to start the
formation of new open pits in Kosovo lignite basin.
Government’s involvement in regional policy and development in the state of Ohio, USA
Authors: Sehic Andrea
Published: October 2010

Brownfield redevelopment has been playing a leading role in urban development
in the state of Ohio for some time now. Being one of the most industrialized
states in the US, Ohio has been struggling for a long time with numerous
consequences of businesses that were shutting down, moving out of Ohio, or
restructuring. The State officials have been addressing and taking care of
these issues very carefully, and with a lot of concern and attention.
Furthermore, the officials have been cooperating on all levels of government,
which created a very positive and encouraging environment for successful
redevelopment projects. The State has been focusing on comparative advantages
of regions, and assisting where the demand is. The State has also been
encouraging regional development by providing programs especially designed
for ones in need, or valuing projects that propose a regional
component/strategy. With establishing public-private partnerships between
applicants and the government as the fund provider, a very important way of
cooperation is established, and maintained, throughout the funding process.
With the evident burden that brown fields impose on all participants in the
process of redevelopment, it is sometimes difficult to see the overall
benefit of such actions. The crucial role of government?s support has proved
to be the key to successful implementation of brown field projects. Enabling
continuous flow of funds, establishing intergovernmental relations, along
with enabling public-private partnerships, and tightly linking the
participants in the process of redevelopment resulted in successfully
completed projects, which brought new life and brighter perspective to
communities that haven?t been able to struggle through this complex process
on their own.
Improvement of energy performances of existing buildings by application of solar thermal systems
Authors: Krstic-Furundzic Aleksandra , Kosoric Vesna
Published: October 2010

Improvement of energy performances of the existing buildings in the suburban
settlement Konjarnik in Belgrade, by the application of solar thermal systems
is the topic presented in this paper. Hypothetical models of building
improvements are created to allow the benefits of applying solar thermal
collectors to residential buildings in Belgrade climate conditions to be
estimated. This case study presents different design variants of solar
thermal collectors integrated into a multifamily building envelope. The
following aspects of solar thermal systems integration are analyzed in the
paper: energy, architectural, ecological and economic. The results show that
in Belgrade climatic conditions significant energy savings and reduction of
CO2 emissions can be obtained with the application of solar thermal
collectors.
The influence of protected natural and cultural heritage on land management/market: The case of Slovenian natural protected areas
Authors: Lisec Anka , Drobne Samo
Published: October 2010

This article is focused on finding problems in land use domain in the areas
of protected natural and cultural heritage. In the paper, the influence of
special regulation in the natural and cultural protected areas on land
management is presented. The paper gives an overview on history of cultural
heritage and nature protection initiatives in Slovenia and provides a review
on basic EU and international initiatives, conventions in this field. For the
case of Slovenian rural land market, it highlights the problem of complex
institutional regulations relating to land management in the protected areas,
which affect mostly local people. Here, the impact of the protected regimes,
the case of pre-emption right, on land management and consequently spatial
development in local communities is stressed, which is an important topic in
particular in less developed regions since restriction of land use often
means more complex, costly and time lasting procedures in land management and
less opportunities as the consequence.
Urbs et orbis: (Re)charting the center, (re)positioning the limits
Authors: Stupar Aleksandra
Published: October 2010

The paper examines the concept of finiteness and its implications on urban
space focusing on the relation between urban(ized) environment, social
context and spatiotemporal perception. Furthermore, it analyzes and evaluates
various roles which the notion of the center and the limit has had through
history - representing an inseparable part of traditional city planning or
being completely transformed in order to transmit and express contemporary
identity. Considered as a residue of a particular mythical narrative and a
distinctive feature of the first philosophical speculations, this concept was
rooted in primordial technical matrices of archaic and classical cities, but
its latest manifestation has distorted previous models. Consequently, the
original significance has been manipulated - shaping a new urban geography as
a post-modern, multi-scale setting for our future life.
Tracing the determinants of economic cross-border interaction in the European Union
Authors: Kallioras Dimitris , Topaloglou Lefteris , Venieris Stefanos
Published: October 2010

The abolition of the artificial impediments of cross-border interaction
inside the European Union, has released dynamics that have influenced
significantly the economic space at the frontiers. In contrast, at the
European Union external borders, the constraints concerning cross-border
interaction with third countries have become more tangible in the sphere of
reality. Under this framework, a new mix of opportunities and the threats
seems to come forth together with a new political, social and economic map
that redefines the notion of vicinity. In the present article, the study of
the 'border effect' in Europe is attempted through the investigation of the
basic determinants of the spatial dynamics of cross-border interaction. The
findings of the article contribute to the better understanding of the 'border
effect' with significant implications for both theory and policy.
Influences of gentrification on identity shift of an urban fragment: A case study
Authors: Neducin Dejana , Caric Olga , Kubet Vladimir
Published: October 2010

This paper discusses the process of gentrification, researched through a
perspective of its positive and negative aspects. It underlines the
importance of reasonable proportioning, sensible structuring and long-term
planning of transformation of urban spaces, which contributes to an upgrade
of living conditions and qualitative advancement of social consciousness and
development of needs of the local inhabitants, regardless of their
socio-economic profile. Despite not perceiving gentrification as an a priori
negative process, influences of alterations of urban tissue carried out
through radical and narrowly interpreted modifications of their character may
cause undesired changes in the perception and use of the space and were
analyzed as well. A case study of the gentrification of Grbavica, an urban
fragment in Novi Sad, Serbia, is presented. The goal of this research was to
critically valorize the over-all transformation of the aforementioned
fragment, taking into account architectural, urban, social, cultural,
economic and other facets.
Opioid-receptor gene expression and localization in cancer cells
Authors: Gach Katarzyna , Szemraj Janusz , Stasikowska-Kanicka Olga , Danilewicz Marian , Janecka Anna
Published: October 2010

This study examined the presence and cellular localization of three types of opioid receptors (MOR, DOR and KOR) in five human cancer cell lines: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HT-29, MGH-U1 and SH-SY5Y. Expression levels of opioid receptors were measured quantitatively using real-time PCR, and the localizations of the receptors in the cells were determined by immunocytochemistry. All three types of opioid receptors were present in each of the five cell lines examined. However, three of the cell lines (MCF-7, HT-29 and SH-SY5Y) showed significantly higher levels of MOR mRNA and protein than the other two types of receptors (DOR and KOR). Immunocytochemistry revealed that MOR, DOR and KOR receptors were predominantly present on the surface of cell membranes, although these receptors were also occasionally present in the cell cytoplasm.
Examining Employee Satisfaction by Means of the Importance-Performance and the Servqual Scales
Authors: Markowicz Iwona
Published: October 2010

Examining Employee Satisfaction by Means of the Importance-Performance and the Servqual Scales

Satisfaction of workers employed in a Local Government Units (LGU) has the influence on the image of the office as an organisational unit that provides services to the public. There is a relation between the employee and the customer satisfaction. The aim of the article is to present the application of the importance-performance and the SERVQUAL scales in the evaluation of the employee satisfaction. Presented research results are a part of the project carried out in the West Pomeranian province.
Determination of Impact of Propensities by Means of Residuals of Econometric Models for Spatial Data
Authors: Doszyń Mariusz
Published: October 2010

Determination of Impact of Propensities by Means of Residuals of Econometric Models for Spatial Data

It is important to be aware that economic occurrences depend also on subjective (psychological and sociological) factors. In many cases these causes could be identified with propensities. Propensities could be understood as a generalized psychological and sociological causes that make probabilities of certain events higher in given objective circumstances. In the article proposition of determining impact of propensities on economic phenomena by means of residuals of econometric models for spatial data was discussed. Econometric consequences of omitting subjective factors (propensities) while analyzing socio-economic regularities were presented. Such kind of residuals as OLS, predictive, studentized, recursive and BLUS residuals were described. Econometric properties of mentioned residuals were also pointed out. In the empirical example all types of residuals were used to analyze impact of propensity to consume in chosen European countries in 2006.