bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of Methane at the Ceria/Gas Interface
Authors: Choi Yoonseok , Ha Hyunwoo , Kim Jinwook , Seo Han Gil , Choi Hyuk , Jeong Beomgyun , Yoo JeongDo , Crumlin Ethan J. , Henkelman Graeme , Kim Hyun You , Jung WooChul
Published: August 2024

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) stand out in sustainable energy systems for their unique ability to efficiently utilize hydrocarbon fuels, particularly those from carbon‐neutral sources. CeO2−δ (ceria) based oxides embedded in SOFCs are recognized for their critical role in managing hydrocarbon activation and carbon coking. However, even for the simplest hydrocarbon molecule, CH4, the mechanism of electrochemical oxidation at the ceria/gas interface is not well understood and the capability of ceria to electrochemically oxidize methane remains a topic of debate. This lack of clarity stems from the intricate design of standard metal/oxide composite electrodes and the complex nature of electrode reactions involving multiple chemical and electrochemical steps. This study presents a Sm‐doped ceria thin‐film model cell that selectively monitors CH4 direct‐electro‐oxidation on the ceria surface. Using impedance spectroscopy, operando X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory, it is unveiled that ceria surfaces facilitate C─H bond cleavage and that H2O formation is key in determining the overall reaction rate at the electrode. These insights effectively address the longstanding debate regarding the direct utilization of CH4 in SOFCs. Moreover, these findings pave the way for an optimized electrode design strategy, essential for developing high‐performance, environmentally sustainable fuel cells.
In Situ‐Constructed Multifunctional Composite Anode with Ultralong‐Life Toward Advanced Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Cao Liang , Chu Mingjing , Li Yue , Xu Xin , Qiu Yawen , Dai Yue , Sun Chencheng , Huang Zhi‐Xiong , Wu Xing‐Long , Geng Hongbo
Published: August 2024

Metallic lithium is the most competitive anode material for next‐generation high‐energy batteries. Nevertheless, the extensive volume expansion and uncontrolled Li dendrite growth of lithium metal not only cause potential safety hazards but also lead to low Coulombic efficiency and inferior cycling lifespan for Li metal batteries. Herein, a multifunctional dendrite‐free composite anode (Li/SnS2) is proposed through an in situ melt‐infusion strategy. In this configuration, the 3D cross‐linked porous Li2S/Li22Sn5 framework facilitates the rapid penetration of electrolytes and accommodates the volume expansion during the repeated Li−plating process. Meanwhile, the lithiophilic Li2S phases with a low Li+ transport barrier ensure preferential Li deposition, effectively avoiding uneven electron distribution. Moreover, the Li22Sn5 electron conductors with appropriate Li+ bonding ability guarantee rapid charge transport and mass transfer. Most importantly, the steady multifunctional skeleton with sufficient inner interfaces (Li2S/Li22Sn5) in the whole electrode, not only realizes the redistribution of the localized free electron, contributing to the decomposition of Li clusters, but also induces a planar deposition model, thus restraining the generation of Li dendrites. Consequently, an unprecedented cyclability of over 6 500 h under an ultrahigh areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2 and a current rate of 20 mA cm−2 is achieved for the prepared Li2S/Li22Sn5 composite anode. Moreover, the assembled Li/SnS2||LiFePO4 (LFP) pouch full‐cells also demonstrate remarkable rate capability and a convincing cycling lifespan of more than 2 000 cycles at 2 C.
Evidence of Lone Pair Crafted Emphanisis in the Ruddlesden–Popper Halide Perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2
Authors: Maria Ivy , Acharyya Paribesh , Voneshen David , Dutta Moinak , Ahad Abdul , Etter Martin , Ghosh Tanmoy , Pal Koushik , Biswas Kanishka
Published: August 2024

A hallmark of typical structural transformations is an increase in symmetry upon heating due to entropic favourability. However, local symmetry breaking upon warming is recently evidenced in rare crystalline phases. Termed as emphanisis, the phenomenon implores exploration of fascinating thermodynamic nuances that drive unusual structural evolutions. Here, synchrotron X‐ray total scattering measurements are presented on a Ruddlesden–Popper mixed halide perovskite, Cs2PbI2Cl2, which reveal signatures of emphanisis. The genesis of symmetry lowering upon heating is traced to a lone pair‐driven cooperative local structural distortion composed of thermally actuated Pb off‐centring and static Cl displacement. Mapping the thermal evolution of low‐lying phonon modes with inelastic neutron scattering uncovers instances of mode hardening with picosecond lifetime and an intriguing soft mode at the X‐point of the Brillouin zone—features conducive to ultralow thermal transport. Together, these observations highlight the fundamental and functional implications of chemical design in engendering unconventional phenomena in crystalline materials and associated properties.
Why Biopolymer Microgels with Dynamically Switchable Properties Would be a Great Tool‐Box for the Cultivation of Stem Cells
Authors: Özkale Berna , Lieleg Oliver
Published: August 2024

In this short perspective article, it is asked why – different from their macroscopic bulk counterparts – biopolymer‐based microgels with dynamically switchable mechanical properties are basically non‐existent. The article pinpoints why such dynamic control over the viscoelasticity of microgels would be desirable for the encapsulation of stem cells, how switchable mechanical properties may be achievable in biopolymer‐based microgel systems, and what pitfalls and issues need to be addressed to realize such a complex, engineered microenvironment for cells.
New Synthetic Approaches for the Construction of Enantioenriched Molecules Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Sun Zhou , Liu Jiaxuan , Shi Lin , Yang Ming , Wang Yuan , Han Ya‐Ping , Yao Xiaojun , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: August 2024

Optically active molecule architectures stand as an important class of organic compounds and occupy a key role in academic and industrial communities. Particularly, the molecules bearing quaternary carbon are of vital importance because of its favorable conformation and valuable three‐dimensional molecules, which frequently play a key role in a broad spectrum of functional materials, pharmaceutical relevant natural molecules, and agrochemicals. Over the past few decades, a large number of synthetic strategies for the enantioselective construction of compounds with chiral quaternary carbon centers have been the focus of a number of research initiatives. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art toward the synthesis of enantioenriched molecules bearing quaternary stereocenters are summarized, which could be segmented into four categories: 1) Construction of optically active quaternary carbon centers by addition to prochiral sp2 carbon; 2) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via substitution at non‐chiral tetra‐substituted carbon; 3) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via kinetic resolution; 4) Construction of optically active all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via desymmetrization reactions.
Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Bicyclo[2.1.1]Hexan‐1‐ols via SmI2‐Mediated Reductive Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Wei , Wu Chun‐Fu , Lee Yung‐Chi , Yoo Woo‐Jin
Published: August 2024

The replacement of benzene rings with saturated bioisosteric counterparts is a key priority in drug discovery programs, and disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have been recognized as flexible molecular scaffolds that could act as ortho‐substituted benzene bioisosteres. In this study, we outline the synthesis of a wide range of 2‐substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan‐1‐ols, which have the potential to emulate ortho‐phenolic derivatives, via SmI2‐mediated reductive cyclization reactions. The synthetic utility of this methodology was exemplified by the preparation of several saturated analogs of pharmaceutically relevant compounds.
Ambipolar Nature Accelerates Dual‐Functionality on Ni/Ni3N@NC for Simultaneous Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution in Electrochemical Water Splitting System
Authors: Janani Gnanaprakasam , Surendran Subramani , Moon Dae Jun , Ramesh Poonchi Sivasankaran , Kim Joon Young , Lim Yoongu , Veeramani Krishnan , Mahadik Shivraj , Jesudass Sebastian Cyril , Choi Jinuk , Kim Il Goo , Jung Pildo , Choi Heechae , Kwon Gibum , Jin Kyoungsuk , Kim Jung kyu , Park Yong Il , Heo Jaeyeong , Hong Kootak , Kang Young Soo , Sim Uk
Published: August 2024

Metal nitrides with extraordinary electrochemical characteristics established widespread applications in energy devices. Inspired by the recent research on promising heterostructured catalysts, the preparation of a nitride‐based heterostructure via a facile approach involving a one‐step nitridation process is revisited. An innovative Ni/Ni3N is decorated on nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) and evaluated for its dual‐functionality as a catalyst in the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (EHER) and the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (EOER). In contrast to Ni@NC and pristine NC, Ni/Ni3N@NC with the well‐constructed NC significantly enhanced its catalytic performance toward EHER and EOER in a water electrolyzer. The water electrolyzer consists of Ni/Ni3N@NC as both the anode and cathode achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a remarkably low voltage of 1.52 V. The designed catalyst takes full advantage of its heterostructure and ambipolar behavior leading to the presence of active sites for EOER and EHER, as confirmed by in‐situ Raman analysis. These results provide important guidance on designing an efficient and cost‐effective heterostructured dual‐functional catalyst as well as revealing the mechanism at the interface between the surface of an ambipolar catalyst and electrolyte.
Utilizing Deep Eutectic Solvent in Microemulsion for Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles and their Highly Sensitive Sensing of Antibiotics and Nitroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Mehra Sanjay , Singh Kuldeep , Kumar Arvind
Published: August 2024

Microemulsions (MEs) comprising of cholinium dodecylbenzene sulphonate Cho[DBS], a bio‐based ionic liquid surfactant as an emulsifier, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) as nonpolar phase, and water as a polar component are constructed. Negative value of ∆G estimated from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) plots indicate spontaneous aggregation of Cho[DBS] both in water and HDES. The aggregates of Cho[DBS] in HDES and water show the critical micellar concentration (cmc) of ≈4.26 and ≈2.4 mMm, respectively. Cho[DBS] shows a better emulsifying capacity with a high monophasic region in the ternary phase diagram. MEs are utilized as nanoreactors for the sustainable synthesis of nano‐sized fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (FCNPs) with precise control over size and morphology. FCNPs are characterized using PXRD, Raman, XPS, HR‐TEM, UV–vis, and Fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. FCNPs exhibited remarkable properties viz. adjustable luminescence, good solubility, and biocompatibility. FCNPs are applied for fluorometric sensing of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) and antibiotics through a quenching response originating from the inner filter effect, with a fast response nanomolar detection, and are found highly selective toward TNP (NAC), NFT, and NZF (antibiotics).
Nickel‐Doped Co3O4@CoMoO4 Core–Shell Structures for Low Temperature Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Huai Xinyu , Wang Dengke , Wu Xiang , Sun Lixian
Published: August 2024

It is significant to explore the electrode materials for supercapacitors with high storage energy and long cycling stability. Herein, nanoporous Ni‐Co3O4@CoMoO4 composite is fabricated with excellent electrochemical performance. The as‐prepared sample delivers a specific capacity of 1212 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and superior cycle performance (91.7% after 10 000 times charging and discharging). Several asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) are assembled using the synthesized products as cathode. They achieve an energy density of 102 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 2770 W kg−1. In addition, the devices present outstanding mechanical stability after multiple bending, demonstrating their potential application in the field of portable energy storage devices.
Local Charge Modulation Induced the Formation of High‐Valent Nickel Sites for Enhanced Urea Electrolysis
Authors: Tang Jiachen , Li Zijian , Jang Haeseong , Gu Xiumin , Sun Chaoyue , Kim Min Gyu , Hou Liqiang , Liu Xien
Published: August 2024

Ni‐based electrocatalysts are considered to be significantly promising candidates for electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR). However, their UOR activity and stability are severely enslaved by the inevitable Ni group self‐oxidation phenomenon. In this study, the glassy state NiFe LDH with uniform Cu dopant (Cu‐NiFe LDH) by a simple sol–gel strategy is successfully synthesized. When served as the UOR catalyst, Cu‐NiFe LDH required a 123 mV lower potential for UOR at both 10 and 100 mA cm−2 in comparison with the conventional anodic OER. It can also operate steadily for more than 300 h at 10 mA cm−2. The in‐depth investigation reveals that Cu incorporation can optimize the local electronic structure of Ni species to induce high‐valent Ni sites. The high‐valent Ni sites would act as the active center during the proposed energetically favorable UOR route, which directly reacts on the high‐valent Ni sites without self‐oxidation inducing the formation of NiOOH species, resulting in a boosted electrocatalytic UOR activity and stability.
Accelerated mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] improvement for salt tolerance: Photosynthetic traits and selection indices
Authors: Singh Jogendra , Singh Vijayata , KT Ravi Kiran , Kumar Ashwani , Khan Mudasser Ahmad , Khatik Champa Lal , Jakhar Mohan Lal , Sheera Ashish , Meena Prabhu Dayal , Yadava Devendra Kumar , Sharma Parbodh Chander
Published: August 2024

Photosynthetic traits can sense and signal abiotic stress at early growth stages of mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]. The integration stress responses with multiple selection indices can select the fittest/tolerant genotypes. With this goal, a set of 210 diverse mustard genotypes were phenotyped under control and salt‐stress (electrical conductivity = 12 dS m−1). Significant dynamic response of the plant to salt stress with reduction for all morpho‐physiological traits and genotype × treatment interaction was observed under salinity. A higher accumulation of Na+ was recorded in the roots, followed by shoots. A close correspondence between phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation under control and salt stress conditions results in high heritability (h2) in broad sense. A significant negative association between shoot and root Na+ content and rate of photosynthesis also indicated that Na+ was significantly restricted in the root. This was not found to be efficient because considerable Na+ buildup was observed in the shoot. Multiple trait‐based indices, such as membership function value of salinity tolerance, classical Smith–Hazel index, factor analysis ideotype–best linear unbiased prediction index, and multi‐trait genotype‐ideotype distance index, deduced CS 2009‐159, CS 2009‐420, CS 2009‐124, and Swarn Jyoti (RH‐9801) are promising for identifying salt‐tolerant genotypes that can serve as donors for the development of salt‐tolerant cultivars.
A Nitroreductase‐Activatable Metabolic Reporter for Covalent Labeling of Pathological Hypoxic Cells in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Wang Zhimin , Lau Jun Wei , Liu Songhan , Ren Ziheng , Gong Zhiyuan , Liu Xiaogang , Xing Bengang
Published: August 2024

Aberrant hypoxic stress will initiate a cascade of pathological consequence observed prominently in tumorigenesis. Understanding of hypoxia's role in tumorigenesis is highly essential for developing effective therapeutics, which necessitates reliable tools to specifically distinguish hypoxic tumor cells (or tissues) and correlate their dynamics with the status of disease in complex living settings for precise theranostics. So far, disparate hypoxia‐responsive probe molecules and prodrugs were designed via chemical or enzymatic reactions, yet their capability in real‐time reporting pathogenesis development is often compromised due to unrestricted diffusion and less selectivity towards the environmental responsiveness. Herein we present an oxygen‐insensitive nitroreductase (NTR)‐activatable glycan metabolic reporter (pNB‐ManNAz) capable of covalently labeling hypoxic tumor cells and tissues. Under pathophysiological hypoxic environments, the caged non‐metabolizable precursor pNB‐ManNAz exhibited unique responsiveness to cellular NTR, culminating in structural self‐immolation and the resultant ManNAz could incorporate onto cell surface glycoproteins, thereby facilitating fluorescence labeling via bioorthogonal chemistry. This NTR‐responsive metabolic reporter demonstrated broad applicability for multicellular hypoxia labeling, particularly in the dynamic monitoring of orthotopic tumorigenesis and targeted tumor phototherapy in vivo. We anticipate that this approach holds promise for investigating hypoxia‐related pathological progression, offering valuable insights for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Thienyltriazine Triamides: Thickness Insensitive Interlayer Materials Featuring Fine‐Tuned Optoelectronic and Aggregation Characters for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Wenxu , Wen Junjie , Yu Haicheng , Zhan Xin , Wang Yuxing , Zhang Lei , Fan Yanhui , You Zuhao , Liu Yao
Published: August 2024

A novel class of thienyltriazine triamides (TTTAs) was facile synthesized and firstly used as cathode interlayers (CILs) for organic solar cells (OSCs). By utilizing different aromatic arms and pendant polar groups, their optoelectronic properties and aggregation behaviors were effectively modulated. The combination of thienyltriazine (TT) core, naphthylamide arm and imidazole pendant group endows TT−N−M with suitable energy levels, intensified work function tunability, higher conductivity, and well‐balanced crystallinity and film‐forming ability, boosting both the performance and stability of OSCs significantly. Remarkably, the solar cell efficiency remains stable at around 90 % of the optimal efficiency even as the interlayer thickness varied from 5 to 95 nm, demonstrating its insensitivity to thickness. Moreover, TT−N−M exhibits compatibility with various active layer systems, achieving a maximum efficiency of 19.60 % for single‐junction solar cell. Its exceptional tolerance to thickness fluctuations and performance establishes a new benchmark for multi‐armed CIL‐based OSCs, also positioning them among the most high‐performing CIL materials documented thus far. This work not only broadens the scope of CIL materials for OSCs but also offers deep insights into design strategies and structure‐properties relationships, being beneficial for the future development of more efficient CIL materials for organic optoelectronic applications.
Beyond Single‐Cycle Autonomous Molecular Machines: Light‐Powered Shuttling in a Multi‐Cycle Reaction Network
Authors: Yang Zhiyao , Wang Xirui , Penocchio Emanuele , Ragazzon Giulio , Chen Xinnan , Lu Shuai , Zhou Yidan , Fu Kuirong , Liu Zejiang , Cai Yimin , Yu Xiujun , Li Xiaopeng , Li Xiaowei , Feng Wen , Yuan Lihua
Published: August 2024

Biomolecular machines autonomously convert energy into functions, driving systems away from thermodynamic equilibrium. This energy conversion is achieved by leveraging complex, kinetically asymmetric chemical reaction networks that are challenging to characterize precisely. In contrast, all known synthetic molecular systems in which kinetic asymmetry has been quantified are well described by simple single‐cycle networks. Here, we report on a unique light‐driven [2]rotaxane that enables the autonomous operation of a synthetic molecular machine with a multi‐cycle chemical reaction network. Unlike all prior systems, the present one exploits a photoactive macrocycle, which features a different photoreactivity depending on the binding sites at which it resides. Furthermore, E to Z isomerization reverses the relative affinity of the macrocycle for two binding sites on the axle, resulting in a multi‐cycle network. Building on the most recent theoretical advancements, this work quantifies kinetic asymmetry in a multi‐cycle network for the first time. Our findings represent the simplest rotaxane capable of autonomous shuttling developed so far and offer a general strategy to generate and quantify kinetic asymmetry beyond single‐cycle systems.
Envisaging a thriving future: The integration of positive psychology into brief psychotherapy and family therapy practice
Authors: Lakeman Richard
Published: August 2024

This paper delves into the pragmatic integration of positive psychology, particularly Seligman's PERMA model, and brief psychotherapy to foster a vision of a thriving future for clients. Despite the entrenched tribalism within psychotherapy that often resists the incorporation of new techniques, a deliberate and flexible approach to integration, rooted in congruence with theoretical frameworks, can overcome these barriers. Positive psychology dovetails neatly with the goals of family therapy by highlighting strengths and resilience. The PERMA model—encompassing Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning and Accomplishment—captures the essence of a flourishing life. While primarily applied in non‐clinical settings, its potential to enhance wellbeing and mitigate depressive symptoms is becoming evident. In the clinical realm, PERMA can pivot conversations towards solutions, especially within the high‐pressure context of acute mental health care. By guiding clients through an exploration of activities aligned with the PERMA domains, therapists can facilitate a rapid transition from problem‐saturated narratives to ones imbued with hope and possibility. This method not only strengthens the therapeutic alliance but also clarifies roles and responsibilities, fostering a sense of agency and optimism in clients. Employing the PERMA model in therapy promotes future‐focused dialogue and goal setting, empowering clients to envision and work towards their preferred futures. This paper presents a practical means of externalising a person's PERMA profile by representing it on the outline of the person's hand. By externalising these discussions and concentrating on tangible goals, therapists can support clients in achieving meaningful change and enhancing their overall wellbeing. Integrating positive psychology into brief psychotherapy thus holds significant promise for helping clients envision and realise a thriving future.
Effect of polybutadiene grafted methyl methacrylate copolymer on the mechanical performance of PC/ABS composites
Authors: Zuo Yansheng , Tang Qianyi , Liu Mengen , Liu Baijun , Zhang Mingyao
Published: August 2024

Polybutadiene grafted methyl methacrylate copolymer (PBL‐g‐MMA, MB) with core‐shell structure was prepared by emulsion polymerization. Without adding compatibilizers, PC/ABS composites were blended with polycarbonate (PC) and SAN. The effects of methacrylate butadiene (MB) on mechanical properties, flow properties, and thermal properties of PC/ABS composites were investigated. The results show that the addition of MB has obvious toughening effect on PC/ABS, effectively improving the mechanical properties and melt flow rate (MFR) of PC/ABS composites, and hence significantly improving the processability of PC/ABS composites. When the amount of MB is 12 phr, the notched impact strength of PC/ABS blend can reach up to 430 J/m. This is several times more than pure PC resin. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis results show that the compatibility of PC/ABS and the impact strength of PC/ABS blend are improved with the increase of MB dosage. With the increase of MB content, the softening temperature of Vicat first decreased and then increased. It increased with the increase of PC content.
Inception of vented water trees in high voltage XLPE cable insulation: Effect of inorganic contaminations inside the semiconductive material
Authors: Hårberg Sofie B. , Wenner Sigurd , Hvidsten Sverre , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann
Published: August 2024

Wet‐design AC subsea power cables are currently rated up to a maximum voltage of 72.5 kV. These high voltage (HV) cables are cost‐effective alternatives to subsea cables kept dry by a protective lead sheath and exhibit superior properties for dynamic applications. However, several vented water trees, degradation phenomena reducing the cable lifetime, are observed in a HV XLPE insulated cable subjected to wet aging in the laboratory. The water trees initiate from a smooth and clean XLPE insulation/semiconductive screen interface. In this paper, we show that voids in the range 15–150 μm are observed in the conductor screen, 50–320 μm from the water tree inception sites. Degradation of the semiconductive material is observed, in the form of porous regions that connect the voids to the water tree inception sites. NaCl impurities are detected on the void surfaces and in the porous regions. These features are proposed to be the pre‐requisites for the formation of the vented water trees observed in this type of cable. The mechanism responsible for the formation of the void and porous regions in the semiconductive cable screen is discussed based on the observations.
Optimizing the injection molding process for thermally and electrically conductive, carbon fiber and carbon nanotube‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) hybrid composites with enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Virág Ábris Dávid , Tóth Csenge , Mészáros László , Juhász Zsolt , Bezerédi Ádám , Petrény Roland
Published: August 2024

We produced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix carbon fiber and carbon nanotube‐reinforced hybrid composites with enhanced thermal conductivity (0.48–0.59 W/mK) and electrical conductivity (0.35–0.97 S/cm). The conductive fillers greatly decreased the toughness, which was compensated with oligomeric lactic acid (OLA). Since fillers and plasticizers greatly alter the flow and thermal properties of the material as well, it was necessary to optimize several parameters of the injection molding process that were predetermined based on theoretical considerations. Based on oscillatory shear rheometry, we explored the rheological behavior of the materials in a wide temperature and shear rate range for the optimum injection molding temperatures, injection volume rates. We showed that by adding 15 wt% OLA as a plasticizer to the composites, the optimal processing temperature decreased by 45–135°C. This remarkable change illustrates the need for rheological studies of PLA compounds. The injection molded hybrid composites containing 5% oligomeric lactic had a tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and work of fracture higher by 41%, 10%, and 150%, respectively, compared to samples without OLA.
The thermal conductivity of 3D network reinforced polypropylene matrix composites was constructed by the pickering‐like emulsion method
Authors: Zheng Zhoukai , Bai Yang , Wang Chenyu , Hu Shengfei , Zhang Rong , Liu Qingting , Fu Xudong
Published: August 2024

Polypropylene (PP) has the advantages of corrosion resistance, easy processing, and low dielectric loss, but its low thermal conductivity limits the application of its composites in fields such as electronic packaging. To solve this problem, in this work, composite microspheres with the segregated structure were prepared by coating boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) on the PP surface by Pickering‐like emulsion method, and BNNSs@PP composites with three‐dimensional thermal conductivity network were obtained after molding. Due to the high thermal conductivity of BNNSs and the formation of perfect thermal conduction pathways, the thermal conductivity of the composites reached 1.71 W m−1 K−1 when the content of BNNSs was 10.1 wt%, which was a 713% increase in thermal conductivity for that of pure PP. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the composites were ensured. This method provides a simple and effective technique to improve the thermal conductivity of PP‐based thermally conductive composites, which has a wide application potential in electronic packaging.
Effect of thermal pre‐compressing on ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of PEO‐based solid‐state electrolytes
Authors: Sun Hao , Yang Qinghua , Kong Detao , Li Yanrui , He Yaolong , Zhang NengHui , Hu Hongjiu
Published: August 2024

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based solid polymer electrolytes are regarded as promising electrolyte materials because of their safety and flexibility. However, low ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and poor mechanical properties have been a hindrance to its development. In this work, we thermally compressed the PEO‐based electrolytes and explored the ionic conductivity, mechanical performance, free volume, and thermal properties of the electrolyte under different thermal pre‐compressing strains (TPC‐strains). The results show that TPC‐strain can significantly improve the ionic conductivity, in‐plane strength, stiffness, and cell specific capacity as well as the mechanical integrity of solid polymer electrolytes within the battery environment. However, it also results in a reduction in the modulus and stiffness of the SPEs in the through‐plane. In particular, applying a TPC‐strain of 10%–20% to the SPEs by thermal compressing may be a suitable option, which can increase the ionic conductivity of the through‐plane to a factor of 3.4 compared with the uncompressed electrolyte, and increase the in‐plane strength by up to 141%, resulting in better mechanical integrity during charging/discharging processes. At the same time, the compression modulus can be maintained at 80% or higher.
Preparation and performance evaluation of heat resistant and salt resistant anionic fluid loss reducer for water‐based drilling fluid
Authors: Wang Meirong , Lin Ling , Luo Pingya , Pu Di , Zhang Xinmin , Li Zheng , Ao Hongdan
Published: August 2024

In this investigation, a new micro‐crosslinked anionic polymer resistant to elevated temperature and high salinity, PKDASN, was synthesized using 3‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane (KMB703), N, N‐Dimethylacrylamide (DMAM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), N‐vinyl caprolactam (NVCL), and sodium (4‐vinyl phenyl)methanesulfonate (SVM) employing free radical polymerization in a water‐based solution. The structure of PKDASN was analyzed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while its microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the pyrolysis temperature of PKDASN was above 294°C. Adding KMB703 enables the polymer to form a dense and stable spatial network. This intensified polymer network could interact with bentonite via intermolecular force and Coulomb force and form a dual grid structure, which presents impressive stability and control of filtration in saltwater. This is mainly achieved through creating a “silane coupling layer” on the particle surface by KMB703, which facilitates the crosslinking and aggregation of the polymer, thereby reinforcing the polymer's framework. This implies that under high‐temperature conditions of 230°C, 3 wt% PKDASN can improve the filtration effectiveness of drilling fluids and exhibit resistance to 15 wt% NaCl contamination. American Petroleum Institute filtration(FLAPI) and High temperature and high pressure filtration(FLHTHP) values were 4.6 and 23.0 mL, respectively. Therefore, this investigation provides a novel approach to utilizing the designated silane agent for the advancement of filtration loss additives in drilling fluids resistant to elevated temperature and high salinity.
Homogeneous Catalysis in N‐Formylation/N‐Methylation Utilizing Carbon Dioxide as the C1 Source
Authors: Dutta Indranil , Gholap Sandeep Suryabhan , Rahman Mohammad Misbahur , Tan Davin , Zhang Lili , Dighe Shashikant U. , Huang Kuo‐Wei
Published: August 2024

The growing emphasis on sustainable chemistry has driven research into utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2) as a nontoxic, abundant, and cost‐effective C1 building block. CO2 offers a promising avenue for direct conversion into valuable chemicals ranging from fuels to pharmaceuticals. This review focuses on the utilization of CO2 for reductive N‐formylation/N‐methylation reactions of various amines, providing advantages over conventional methods involving toxic CO and other methylating reagents. The approach employs readily available reductants such as silane, borane reagents, and hydrogen (H2). The discussion encompasses recent developments in transition metal and organocatalyst systems for these reactions, highlighting mechanistic interpretations and factors influencing product selectivity.
Direct Determination of POSS Cage Structure in a Self‐Assembled Ionic Bridged Silsesquioxane by Using the Total Pair Distribution Function G(r) and Density Functional Theory
Authors: Schneid Andressa C. , de Lima João C. , Ferreira Fabio F. , Gonçalves Paulo F. B. , Arenas Leliz T. , de Menezes Eliana W. , Costa Tania M. H. , Buchner Silvio , Benvenutti Edilson V.
Published: August 2024

In the present study, both short‐range and long‐range structural features of an ionic bridged silsesquioxane, specifically one containing the 1,4‐diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride group (ISSQ), were elucidated. This ionic silsesquioxane was synthesized via direct polycondensation of a bridged organosilane precursor, without any additional functionalization step. Si−O−Si cage structures typical of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) were identified. The average interatomic distances of the POSS cages, including the open T8 cage and the T12 cage for the ISSQ, as well as the T8 cage for a commercially available pendant POSS were determined. It is the first report of the interatomic distance determination of POSS cage; achieved by using total pair distribution function G(r) values obtained through high‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray diffraction combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The application of DFT was crucial for accurately assigning X‐ray peaks and verifying structural details. Furthermore, the analysis of X‐ray diffraction peaks and the examination of crystalline domains via transmission electron microscopy enabled the proposal of a hexagonal arrangement of Si−O−Si cages over long ranges within the ionic bridged silsesquioxane. This proposed arrangement highlights a distinctive structural organization that could impact the material's properties and applications.
Anmerkungen zur Baukonstruktion der klassischen Moderne anlässlich der Gründung der Gemeinnützigen Heimstätten AG (GEHAG) vor 100 Jahren
Authors: Adam Steffen
Published: August 2024

Anlässlich des 100. Jahrestages der Gründung der GEHAG am 14. April 1924 luden der Architekten‐ und Ingenieurverein zu Berlin‐Brandenburg e. V. (AIV) und das August Bebel Institut (ABI) im April 2024 zu einer Tagung am historischen Ort, dem Berliner Gewerkschaftshaus ein. Hier wurde den Nachfolgern der Auftraggeber für das Neue Bauen – Wohnungsbaugenossenschaften, Gewerkschaften, Kommunale Wohnungswirtschaft, Konsum, AOK u. a. vorgestellt, worin der Fortschritt des Neuen Bauens für die'Versorgung der Bevölkerung eines Groß‐Berlin mit Wohnraum‘ bestand.
The Effect of Mud Cracking on the Performance of Thick Li‐Ion Electrodes
Authors: Dawson Will J. , Morrison Andrew R. T. , Iacoviello Francesco , Boyce Adam M. , Giri Gargi , Li Juntao , Miller Thomas S. , Shearing Paul
Published: August 2024

Electrode‐level fracture, or mud cracking, occurs during the drying process of Li‐ion electrodes and is known to be particularly prevalent in thick electrodes. Whilst these cracks are generally viewed as an obstruction to the production of thicker, more energy dense electrodes, cracks are similar in structure to directional pore channels which have been proposed as a means of improving ion transport to produce thicker electrodes more capable of performing at higher rates. However, existing literature has not thoroughly investigated the influence of cracking on the performance of electrodes. Here we analyse the 3D structure of thick cracked electrodes for the first time, using X‐ray computed tomography. We show that mud cracking enhances the performance of Li‐ion electrodes at discharge rates above 1 C and evaluate the implications on ion transport of different crack geometries by analysis of Euclidian distance maps.
Metal Coordination Compounds for Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Gao Jiayi , Xia Lixing , Ou Miaoning , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: August 2024

Along with the continuous optimization of the energy structure, more and more electricity come from intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have the advantage that energy and power can be regulated independently, so they are widely used in large‐scale energy storage. Redox active materials are the important components of RFBs, which determine the performance of the battery and the cost of energy storage. Some metal coordination compounds (MCCs) and their derivatives have been considered redox active materials that can replace metal‐based redox flow batteries due to their properties such as tunability, high abundance and sustainability. MCCs can provide higher energy density because they are highly soluble both in the initial state and in any charged state during the battery cycling process. MCCs have also attracted a lot of attention from researchers because of their high economic value, low toxicity, and wide availability. This review provides an overview of the recent development of soluble metal coordination compounds, such as Ferrocene, and concludes with an in‐depth discussion of the prospects of metal coordination compounds for application in organic redox flow batteries.
Exploring LGBTQ+ teacher professional identity through the power threat meaning framework
Authors: Brett Adam , Bodfield Kalum , Culshaw Aisling , Johnson Ben
Published: August 2024

In addition to the mounting stresses associated with teaching in the UK resulting from decades of neoliberal reform (Ball, 2021), lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) teachers experience a range of challenges to their professional identity from institutions that perpetuate the gender binary and hegemonic heteronormativity. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of how these teachers can be better supported to thrive in education settings. To begin to address this, this pilot study employs the Power, Threat, Meaning Framework (PTMF) with five LGBTQ+ teachers. The main findings from this study are that teachers experience power as a form of self‐surveillance and policing but also positively, as a tool to reclaim space for positive representation. Threats came principally from media and parents and impacted participants’ sense of inclusion/exclusion in practice. Finally, participants made meaning of their experience through channelling their LGBTQ+ activism into EDI leadership roles, reclaiming space as a role model and using visual tokens to prompt ‘micro‐moments’ of connection. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the PTMF for future research to support LGBTQ+ teachers in practice and that the rigid nature of the framework may benefit from a more holistic approach to data analysis.
Biosynthesis of copper nanoclusters for fluorescence detection of bilirubin in biofluids
Authors: Molatrati Kousalya , Borse Shraddha , Ghosh Subhadeep , Jha Sanjay , Murthy Z. V. P. , Kailasa Suresh Kumar , Park Tae Jung
Published: August 2024

Copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) have shown significant attention in sensing of molecular and ionic species. In this work, a single‐step biosynthetic approach was introduced for the preparation of fluorescent Cu NCs using Holarrhena pubescens (H. pubescens) leaves extract as a template. The synthesized H. pubescens–Cu NCs act as a nanomolecular probe for the detection of bilirubin in biofluids. The synthesized H. pubescens–Cu NCs displayed highest fluorescence intensity at 454 nm, when excited at 330 nm. Importantly, selective detection of bilirubin was obtained by introducing H. pubescens–Cu NCs as a simple molecular probe. The interaction of bilirubin and H. pubescens–Cu NCs resulted in a remarkable decrease in the emission peak intensity. The developed H. pubescens–Cu NCs‐based bilirubin molecular probe has a wide linear range of 0.5–20.00 μM with the limit of detection of 30.54 nM for bilirubin. The promising application of H. pubescens–Cu NCs‐based molecular probe was assessed by assaying bilirubin in spiked biofluids.
Luminescence performance and antioxidant properties of selenium carbon dots prepared from selenium‐hyperaccumulating plants
Authors: Cui Jingwen , Yang Yuwei , Zhang Yashuai , Yang Xu , Liu Yu , Tan Jianfeng , Wu Shaowei , Liu Zhuo
Published: August 2024

Heteroatom doping has become an important method to enhance the performance of traditional carbon dots in modern times. Selenium (Se) is a nonmetallic trace element with excellent redox properties and is therefore essential for health. Previous studies have mainly used pure chemicals as selenium sources to prepare selenium‐doped carbon dots (Se‐CDs), but the precursor pure chemicals have the disadvantages of being expensive, difficult to obtain, toxic, and having low fluorescence yields of the synthesised Se‐CDs. Fortunately, our team achieved successful synthesis of selenium carbon dots, exhibiting excellent luminescence and biocompatibility through a one‐step hydrothermal method using selenium‐enriched natural plant Cardamine, as an alternative to selenium chemicals. This approach aims to address the limitations and high costs associated with Se‐CDs precursors. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and cellular antioxidant tests have confirmed the protective ability of Se‐CDs against oxidative damage induced by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). A new concept and method for synthesizing selenium carbon dots on the basis of biomass, a rationale for the antioxidant effects on human health, and a wide range of development and application possibilities were offered in this work.
Relationship Between Cryoprotectant Potential and Protein Hydration in Aqueous Zwitterionic Solutions
Authors: Takekiyo Takahiro , Yamada Shuto , Hirata Tetsuya , Ishizaki Takeru , Kuroda Kosuke , Yoshimura Yukihiro
Published: August 2024

The cryoprotectant potential of 3‐(1‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl)imidazol‐3‐io)butane‐1‐carboxylate (OE2imC3C) for proteins necessitates assessment to elucidate its relationship with protein hydration. To reveal this relationship, we assessed the protein stability (pre‐freezing and post‐thawing) and melting behavior in dilute aqueous protein–OE2imC3C solutions containing varying mole fractions (x) of OE2imC3C (x = 0, 7.7 × 10−3, and 1.7 × 10−2) using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and near‐UV circular dichroism (near‐UV CD) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Following freezing/thawing using a deep freezer, protein stability in aqueous OE2imC3C solutions (x = 1.7 × 10−2) preserved the folded state owing to the protein–OE2imC3C interaction, whereas stability at x = 7.7 × 10−3 was reduced. These results indicate that the protein cryoprotectant potential in aqueous OE2imC3C solutions at x = 1.7 × 10−2 is higher than that at x = 7.7 × 10−3, owing to the preferential binding of OE2imC3C with proteins.
Assessment of the anticancer potential of certain phenolic and flavonoid components in ginger capsules using colorectal cancer cell lines coupled with quantitative analysis
Authors: Al Azzam Khaldun M. , Al‐Areer Nadeen Waleed , Al Omari Rima H. , Al‐Deeb Ibrahim , Bounoua Nadia , Negim El‐Sayed , Al‐Samydai Ali , Aboalroub Adam A. , Said Rana
Published: August 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of malignant tumor death. The development of novel, more effective drugs is desperately needed to treat CRC. Zingiber officinale is believed to possess anticancer properties due to its flavonoids and phenols. Using Soxhlet (SOXT) and maceration (MACR) techniques, the present study aimed to evaluate the amounts of quercetin, gallic acid, rutin, naringin, and caffeic acid in ginger capsules of Z. officinale. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ultraviolet was used for separation and quantitation. In vitro toxicity evaluation of ginger capsules on the CRC cell line HT‐29 was also conducted to assess the anticancer activity of the supplement. The cell line HT‐29 (HTB‐38) colorectal adenocarcinoma was utilized for the antiproliferative effect of 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide. Ginger herbal supplement extract at dosages of 200 and 100 μg had strong cytotoxic effects (IC50 < 50 μg/mL) on HT‐29 CRC cells via MACR. This extract is comparable to the SOXT extract, which has an IC50 of less than 50 μg/mL. The anticancer effect of ginger herbal supplement formulations against CRC lines was investigated, and the results obtained from both the MACR and SOXT extraction procedures were noteworthy. The quercetin content was the highest of all the extracts according to the HPLC data.
Targeting the epigenome with advanced delivery strategies for epigenetic modulators
Authors: Guha Sonia , Jagadeesan Yogeswaran , Pandey Murali Monohar , Mittal Anupama , Chitkara Deepak
Published: August 2024

Epigenetics mechanisms play a significant role in human diseases by altering DNA methylation status, chromatin structure, and/or modifying histone proteins. By modulating the epigenetic status, the expression of genes can be regulated without any change in the DNA sequence itself. Epigenetic drugs exhibit promising therapeutic efficacy against several epigenetically originated diseases including several cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and so forth. Currently, a considerable amount of research is focused on discovering new drug molecules to combat the existing research gap in epigenetic drug therapy. A novel and efficient delivery system can be established as a promising approach to overcome the drawbacks associated with the current epigenetic modulators. Therefore, formulating the existing epigenetic drugs with distinct encapsulation strategies in nanocarriers, including solid lipid nanoparticles, nanogels, bio‐engineered nanocarriers, liposomes, surface modified nanoparticles, and polymer–drug conjugates have been examined for therapeutic efficacy. Nonetheless, several epigenetic modulators are untouched for their therapeutic potential through different delivery strategies. This review provides a comprehensive up to date discussion on the research findings of various epigenetics mechanism, epigenetic modulators, and delivery strategies utilized to improve their therapeutic outcome. Furthermore, this review also highlights the recently emerged CRISPR tool for epigenome editing.