bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Warming Has Not Affected the Changes in Soil Organic Carbon During the Growing Season in an Alpine Meadow Ecosystem on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Yang Yue , Shi Guoxi , Liu Yongjun , Ma Li , Zhang Zhonghua , Jiang Shengjing , Pan Jianbin , Zhang Qi , Yao Buqing , Zhou Huakun , Feng Huyuan
Published: March 2022

The effects of climate warming and season on soil organic carbon (SOC) have received widespread attention, but how climate warming affects the seasonal changes of SOC remains unclear. Here, we established a gradient warming experiment to investigate plant attributes and soil physicochemical and microbial properties that were potentially associated with changes in SOC at the beginning (May) and end (August) of the growing season in an alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The SOC of August was lower than that of May, and the storage of SOC in August decreased by an average of 18.53 million grams of carbon per hectare. Warming not only failed to alter the content of SOC regardless of the season but also did not affect the change in SOC during the growing season. Among all the variables measured, microbial biomass carbon was highly coupled to the change in SOC. These findings indicate that alpine meadow soil is a source of carbon during the growing season, but climate warming has no significant impact on it. This study highlights that in the regulation of carbon source or pool in alpine meadow ecosystem, more attention should be paid to changes in SOC during the growing season, rather than climate warming.
Structure and Development of Flowers and Inflorescences in Burmannia (Burmanniaceae, Dioscoreales)
Authors: Yudina Sophia V. , Kocyan Alexander , Truong Ba Vuong , Vislobokov Nikolay A. , Lyskov Dmitry F. , Nuraliev Maxim S. , Remizowa Margarita V.
Published: March 2022

Species of the genusBurmanniapossess distinctive and highly elaborated flowers with prominent floral tubes that often bear large longitudinal wings. Complicated floral structure ofBurmanniahampers understanding its floral evolutionary morphology and biology of the genus. In addition, information on structural features believed to be taxonomically important is lacking for some species. Here we provide an investigation of flowers and inflorescences ofBurmanniabased on a comprehensive sampling that included eight species with various lifestyles (autotrophic, partially mycoheterotrophic and mycoheterotrophic). We describe the diversity of inflorescence architecture in the genus: a basic (most likely, ancestral) inflorescence type is a thyrsoid comprising two cincinni, which is transformed into a botryoid in some species via reduction of the lateral cymes to single flowers.Burmannia oblongadiffers from all the other studied species in having an adaxial (vs. transversal) floral prophyll. For the first time, we describe in detail early floral development inBurmannia. We report presence of the inner tepal lobes inB. oblonga, a species with reportedly absent inner tepals; the growth of the inner tepal lobes is arrested after the middle stage of floral development of this species, and therefore they are undetectable in a mature flower. Floral vasculature inBurmanniavaries to reflect the variation of the size of the inner tepal lobes; inB. oblongawith the most reduced inner tepals their vascular supply is completely lost. The gynoecium consists of synascidiate, symplicate, and asymplicate zones. The symplicate zone is secondarily trilocular (except for its distal portion in some of the species) without visible traces of postgenital fusion, which prevented earlier researchers to correctly identify the zones within a definitive ovary. The placentas occupy the entire symplicate zone and a short distal portion of the synascidiate zone. Finally, we revealed an unexpected diversity of stamen-style interactions inBurmannia. In all species studied, the stamens are tightly arranged around the common style to occlude the flower entrance. However, in some species the stamens are free from the common style, whereas in the others the stamen connectives are postgenitally fused with the common style, which results in formation of a gynostegium.
Mapping of Nematode Resistance in Hexaploid Sweetpotato Using a Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Association Study
Authors: Obata Nozomi , Tabuchi Hiroaki , Kurihara Miyu , Yamamoto Eiji , Shirasawa Kenta , Monden Yuki
Published: March 2022

The southern root-knot nematode (SRKN; Meloidogyne incognita) is a typical parasitic nematode that affects sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], causing a significant decrease in crop yield and commercial value. In Japan, the SRKN is classified into 10 races: SP1–SP5, SP6-1, SP6-2, and SP7–SP9, with the dominant race differing according to the cultivation area. Soil insecticides have previously been used to reduce the soil density of SRKNs; however, this practice is both costly and labor intensive. Therefore, the development of SRKN-resistant sweetpotato lines and cultivars is necessary. However, due to the complexity of polyploid inheritance and the highly heterogeneous genomic composition of sweetpotato, genetic information and research for this species are significantly lacking compared to those for other major diploid crop species. In this study, we utilized the recently developed genome-wide association approach, which uses multiple-dose markers to assess autopolyploid species. We performed an association analysis to investigate resistance toward SRKN-SP2, which is the major race in areas with high sweetpotato production in Japan. The segregation ratio of resistant and susceptible lines in the F1 mapping population derived from the resistant “J-Red” and susceptible “Choshu” cultivars was fitted to 1: 3, suggesting that resistance to SP2 may be regulated by two loci present in the simplex. By aligning the double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing reads to the published Ipomoea trifida reference sequence, 46,982 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified (sequencing depth > 200). The association study yielded its highest peak on chromosome 7 (Chr07) and second highest peak on chromosome 3 (Chr03), presenting as a single-dose in both loci. Selective DNA markers were developed to screen for resistant plants using the SNPs identified on Chr03 and Chr07. Our results showed that SRKN-SP2-resistant plants were selected with a probability of approximately 70% when combining the two selective DNA markers. This study serves as a model for the identification of genomic regions that control agricultural traits and the elucidation of their effects, and is expected to greatly advance marker-assisted breeding and association studies in polyploid crop species.
Perspective Taking and Avatar-Self Merging
Authors: Müsseler Jochen , von Salm-Hoogstraeten Sophia , Böffel Christian
Published: March 2022

Today, avatars often represent users in digital worlds such as in video games or workplace applications. Avatars embody the user and perform their actions in these artificial environments. As a result, users sometimes develop the feeling that their self merges with their avatar. The user realizes that they are the avatar, but the avatar is also the user—meaning that avatar’s appearance, character, and actions also affect their self. In the present paper, we first introduce the event-coding approach of the self and then argue based on the reviewed literature on human-avatar interaction that a self-controlled avatar can lead to avatar-self merging: the user sets their own goals in the virtual environment, plans and executes the avatar’s actions, and compares the predicted with the actual motion outcomes of the avatar. This makes the user feel body ownership and agency over the avatar’s action. Following the event-coding account, avatar-self merging should not be seen as an all-or-nothing process, but rather as a continuous process to which various factors contribute, including successfully taking the perspective of the avatar. Against this background, we discuss affective, cognitive, and visuo-spatial perspective taking of the avatar. As evidence for avatar-self merging, we present findings showing that when users take the avatar’s perspective, they can show spontaneous behavioral tendencies that run counter to their own.
Defensive Silence, Defensive Voice, Knowledge Hiding, and Counterproductive Work Behavior Through the Lens of Stimulus-Organism-Response
Authors: Qi Fang-Shu , Ramayah T.
Published: March 2022

Rising negative emotions are like “time bombs” that impede productivity in the workplace. The present investigation provides an insight into the effects of defensive silence and defensive voice on counterproductive work behavior through knowledge hiding in the context of knowledge workers in Chinese academic institutions. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to the current samples. The study obtained conjecture the proposed mediating role of knowledge hiding between the negative working attitude and counterproductive work behavior, which is against the organizational norms and performance. The result indicates that the positive relationships exist from defensive silence and defensive voice to counterproductive work behavior, mediated by knowledge hiding. This study links knowledge hiding literature and stimulus-organism-response (SOR) to better explore the academic behavior in a knowledge setting.
Shades of Rage: Applying the Process Model of Emotion Regulation to Managing Anger After Brain Injury
Authors: Witten Jade Abigail , Coetzer Rudi , Turnbull Oliver H.
Published: March 2022

Uncontrollable anger is common following an acquired brain injury (ABI), with impaired emotion regulation (ER) being one of the main contributors. Existing psychological interventions appear moderately effective, though studies typically include limitations such as small sample sizes, issues of long-term efficacy, and standardization of content. While ER has been a popular research field, the study of ER for anger management after ABI is less well investigated, and contains few interventions based on the widely used Process Model of ER. This review surveys the efficacy of ER strategies in individuals with ABI, and proposes a novel research design for future interventions. Recommendations are made about: strategy number and type, shared decision-making, approaches to data analysis, and mode of delivery.
Feminist Approaches to Gender Equity in Perú: The Roles of Conflict, Militancy, and Pluralism in Feminist Activism
Authors: Grabe Shelly
Published: March 2022

For the past several decades, coordinated efforts from within the women’s social movement in Perú have led to groundbreaking legislation surrounding gender equity – for example, the National Gender Equality Policy of 2019 and the Gender Parity Law of 2020. These institutionalized policy changes mark milestones on the path to gender equity, certainly in Perú, but activist efforts that targeted these outcomes can inform women globally. The current study investigated key components of feminist activism by social movement actors themselves through the use of testimonio with nine key leaders in the movement. Using a liberation psychology approach and thematic narrative analysis, the findings suggested three key components of feminist activism: conflict, militant identity, and pluralism that were critical in processes of change. Centering majority world women’s voices contributes to the production of knowledge regarding approaches to gender equity, in particular because much that has been written about feminist action in psychology has been produced among samples of white women in the United States. Implications for understanding how the findings have the potential for global change are discussed.
Associations Between Severity of Depression, Lifestyle Patterns, and Personal Factors Related to Health Behavior: Secondary Data Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aguilar-Latorre Alejandra , Serrano-Ripoll Maria J. , Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Gervilla Elena , Navarro Capilla
Published: March 2022

Background

Depression is a prevalent condition that has a significant impact on psychosocial functioning and quality of life. The onset and persistence of depression have been linked to a variety of biological and psychosocial variables. Many of these variables are associated with specific lifestyle characteristics, such as physical activity, diet, and sleep patterns. Some psychosocial determinants have an impact on people’ health-related behavior change. These include personal factors such as sense of coherence, patient activation, health literacy, self-efficacy, and procrastination. This study aims to analyze the association between the severity of depression, lifestyle patterns, and personal factors related to health behavior. It also aims to analyze whether personal factors moderate the relationship between lifestyles and depression.

Methods

This study is a secondary data analysis (SDA) of baseline data collected at the start of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). A sample of 226 patients with subclinical, mild, or moderate depression from primary healthcare centers in two sites in Spain (Zaragoza and Mallorca) was used, and descriptive, bivariate, multivariate, and moderation analyses were performed. Depression was the primary outcome, measured by Beck II Self-Applied Depression Inventory. Lifestyle variables such as physical exercise, adherence to Mediterranean diet and sleep quality, social support, and personal factors such as self-efficacy, patient activation in their own health, sense of coherence, health literacy, and procrastination were considered secondary outcomes.

Results

Low sense of coherence (β = −0.172; p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (β = 0.179; p = 0.008), low patient activation (β = −0.119; p = 0.019), and sedentarism (more minutes seated per day; β = 0.003; p = 0.025) are predictors of having more depressive symptoms. Moderation analyses were not significant.

Discussion

Lifestyle and personal factors are related to depressive symptomatology. Our findings reveal that sense of coherence, patient’s activation level, sedentarism, and sleep quality are associated with depression. Further research is needed regarding adherence to Mediterranean diet, minutes walking per week and the interrelationship between lifestyles, personal factors, and depression.
Mandatory Check for COPMI in Adult Mental Healthcare Services in the Netherlands—A Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Everts Saskia , van Amelsvoort Therese , Leijdesdorff Sophie
Published: March 2022

Background

Children of parents with a mental disorder and/or addiction (COPMI) are at increased risk of developing a mental disorder. In spite of preventive interventions that can decrease the risk of problem development, COPMI are not automatically offered help. In 2013, a mandatory COPMI check was implemented in the Netherlands, requiring every mental health care professional to check whether their adult patients have children and to assess these children's safety and needs. Earlier research has shown that a gap between these regulations and the actual integration in clinical practice is not uncommon.

Method

In the current study, we evaluated the implementation of the mandatory COPMI check in the Netherlands, using quantitative as well as qualitative data from a large mental healthcare organization in the Netherlands that offers both Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Adult Mental Healthcare.

Results

Files from 14,469 patients were analyzed quantitatively and a sample of 150 files was further analyzed in depth. Findings were refined through 4 focus groups with adult mental healthcare professionals. It was found that while there are examples of the tool leading to interventions for COPMI, the tool is often not used, and when used tends to direct the focus away from COPMI needs and organizing help toward the more narrow and problematic focus on safety and reporting to child abuse authorities.

Conclusion

The potential of the COPMI check is currently not fully realized. Strategies to improve its effectiveness in clinical practice are needed to improve access to interventions for COPMI.
Isolation, Economic Precarity, and Previous Mental Health Issues as Predictors of PTSD Status in Females Living in Fort McMurray During COVID-19
Authors: Pazderka Hannah , Shalaby Reham , Eboreime Ejemai , Mao Wanying , Obuobi-Donkor Gloria , Agyapong Belinda , Oluwasina Folajinmi , Adu Medard Kofi , Owusu Ernest , Sapara Adegboyega , Agyapong Vincent I. O.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic represents an instance of collective trauma across the globe; as such, it is unique to our lifetimes. COVID-19 has made clear systemic disparities in terms of access to healthcare and economic precarity. Our objective was to examine the mental health repercussions of COVID-19 on adult females living in Fort McMurray, Canada in light of their unique circumstances and challenges.

Method

To investigate this issue, we analyzed responses gathered from an anonymous cross-section of online survey questionnaire responses gathered from females living in the Fort McMurray area (n = 159) during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 24–June 2, 2021). This included relevant demographic, mental health history, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as COVID-19 data. Chi-squared analysis was used to determine outcome relevance, and binary logistic regression was employed to generate a model of susceptibility to PTSD.

Results

159 females completed the survey. The prevalence of putative PTSD in our sample was 40.8%. A regression analysis revealed 4 variables with significant, unique contributions to PTSD. These were: a diagnosis of depression; a diagnosis of anxiety; job loss due to COVID-19; and lack of support from family and friends. Specifically, women with a previous diagnosis of either depression or anxiety were ~4–5 times more likely to present with PTSD symptomatology in the wake of COVID-19 (OR = 3.846; 95% CI: 1.13–13.13 for depression; OR = 5.190; 95% CI: 1.42–19.00 for anxiety). Women who reported having lost their jobs as a result of the pandemic were ~5 times more likely to show evidence of probable PTSD (OR = 5.182; 95% CI: 1.08–24.85). Receiving inadequate support from family and friends made the individual approximately four times as likely to develop probable PTSD (OR = 4.258; 95% CI: 1.24–14.65), while controlling for the other variables in the regression model.

Conclusions

Overall, these results support our hypothesis that volatility in factors such as social support, economic stability, and mental health work together to increase the probability of women developing PTSD in response to a collective trauma such as COVID-19.
COVID-19 Mobile Apps in Saudi Arabia: Systematic Identification, Evaluation, and Features Assessment
Authors: Alharbi Nouf Sahal , Alsubki Nada , Altamimi Sara Rasheed , Alonazi Wadi , Fahlevi Mochammad
Published: March 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the greatest global health threat in our century at the moment, and the use of mobile health apps has been one digital healthcare strategy adopted for coping with this outbreak.

Objective

This study aims to identify and explore the mobile applications that are currently being utilized for dealing with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

The applications were selected based on the (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) PRISMA guidelines, then the functionalities were extracted based on the COVID-19 application mind map. Finally, the quality of the apps was assessed using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) for overall quality, satisfaction, engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information.

Results

The search identified six applications that were currently being used for COVID-19 which provided the following functionalities: self-assessment, self-isolation, permit for car mobility, prevention guidelines, COVID-19 lab results, call support, identifying nearby facilities, reporting suspected cases, and booking clinic appointments and the COVID-19 test. The findings showed that while most of these features were provided by multiple apps, on the MARS, the overall scores ranged from 3.26 to 3.69 with the apps scoring lower in the areas of satisfaction and engagement and higher in functionalities.

Conclusion

Further steps are needed to unify all these functions in one health app to enhance the users' experience.
Soil Organisms Have Favorite Forage Plants
Authors: Crotty Felicity V.
Published: March 2022

Cows and sheep eat plants known as forages. Forage plants can include grass, chicory, and clover. Forage plants vary in nutrients and tastiness. These plants can also change the ecosystem belowground for soil animals. Soil animals may move to eat or live beneath different forages. Earthworms mix up the soil and food, improving the soil habitat. Fungi break down dead plants, and organisms that eat fungi speed up this breakdown process, which creates more food for other plants and soil animals. We tested which forage plants soil animals preferred. Large numbers of earthworms were found under white clover. Tiny fungal-feeding worms and springtails (insect-like creatures) were found in greater numbers under clover and chicory. Plant-eating soil animals compete with cows and sheep for food. These plant-eaters were found in larger numbers below ryegrass. Growing plants that increase the numbers of helpful soil animals can lead to healthier soils.
Nursing Practice Based on Evidence-Based Concepts to Prevent Enteral Nutrition Complications for Critically Ill Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Jiao Jia , Chen Yu , Yang Lijian , Li Wei , Zhou Zhiwei , Li Lan , Xiao Yinghong , Zhao Jiasha , Li Linzhi , Xia You
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To explore the practical value of enteral nutrition care guided by evidence-based concepts in preventing enteral nutritional complications in critically ill neurosurgical patients.

Methods

Three hundred critically ill patients from March 2020 to October 2021 from our neurosurgery department were included in the study. Patients were divided into a control group (March to December 2020, n = 150) and a study group (January to October 2021, n = 150) according to the order of their admission. The control group received conventional enteral nutrition care, and the study group received enteral nutrition care based on evidence-based concept guidance. The levels of serum nutritional indicators [hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (ALB), and total protein (TP)], feeding compliance rate, the incidence of complications (gastric retention, bloating, diarrhea, reflux, vomiting, aspiration, stress ulcers, etc.), and prognosis during the observation period were compared between the two groups. The scores of the questionnaire of knowledge, attitude, and practice on nutrition among neurosurgical nurses before and after the implementation of evidence-based care were compared among nursing staff in the study group.

Results

At 1 and 2 weeks after enrollment, Hb, ALB, and TP levels were lower in both groups than before enrollment in the same group (P < 0.05). At 2 weeks after enrollment, Hb, ALB, and TP levels were higher in both groups than at 1 week after enrollment in the same group (P < 0.05). At 1 and 2 weeks after enrollment, Hb, ALB, and TP levels were higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). At 7 days after feeding, the feeding compliance rate was higher in the study group (94.67%) than in the control group (70.00%) (P < 0.05). The total complication rate was lower in the study group (8.00%) than in the control group (16.00%) (P < 0.05). The percentage of good prognosis was higher in the study group (34.00%) than in the control group (23.33%) (P < 0.05). After the implementation of evidence-based care, caregivers in the study group scored higher on nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes, and nutrition practices than those before the implementation (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The implementation of evidence-based nursing interventions in critically ill neurosurgical patients based on evidence-based concepts is of great clinical value in correcting their nutritional status, preventing enteral nutritional complications, improving prognosis, and enhancing the nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nursing staff.
Danish Cattle Farmers' Experience With Fitness for Transport – A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Dahl-Pedersen Kirstin
Published: March 2022

Worldwide, cattle are transported in great numbers for breeding, fattening and slaughter. Within the European Union, the Council Regulation 1/2005 states that all animals must be fit for transport. Yet, the line between fit and unfit is blurred as the regulation allows for animals that are slightly ill or injured to be transported. However, “slightly ill or injured” lack a clear definition leaving room for individual interpretation of fitness for transport with potential negative implications in terms of both animal welfare and legal certainty. The aim of the present study was to gain an understanding of cattle farmers' experience with and doubt about assessment of fitness for transport-a topic that has received limited scientific attention, despite the important role of farmers in maintaining acceptable animal welfare during transport. The results of the study are based on 119 Danish cattle farmers' answers to a questionnaire survey. The majority of respondents felt they possessed the knowledge and skills required for assessment of fitness for transport. However, a considerable large part of the respondents, one third approximately, reported to be in doubt at least sometimes and likewise one third felt a lack of knowledge at least sometimes. In addition, more than half of the respondents reported that they at least sometimes found it difficult to understand the rules to address the disconnect between on-farm and slaughterhouse decisions and fitness for on-farm slaughter. These results indicate that learning materials, assessment tools and training programs could be helpful for a large group of cattle farmers in order to secure animal welfare during transport. The results also underline the need for further research to clarify what constitutes a “fit” vs. “unfit” animal.
Clostridium perfringens Types A and D Involved in Peracute Deaths in Goats Kept in Cholistan Ecosystem During Winter Season
Authors: Hussain Riaz , Guangbin Zhang , Abbas Rao Zahid , Siddique Abu Baker , Mohiuddin Mudassar , Khan Iahtasham , Rehman Tauseef Ur , Khan Ahrar
Published: March 2022

Enterotoxemia is a severe and peracute disease caused byClostridium perfringens(C. perfringens) rendering high mortality leading to huge economic losses, especially in small ruminants. The bacterium induces peracute death in animals based on the rapid production of different lethal toxins. Mortality occurred three private herds of two breeds, i.e., Makhi Cheeni and Beetal, and one non-descriptive (Teddy) herds reared in the desert area of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. At necropsy, tissue samples for histopathology and intestinal contents for bacterial isolation and culture were collected. Following the standard procedure, tissue slides were prepared. Multiplex PCR was used to identify toxinotypes using specific primers. Morbidity, mortality, and case fatality in Makhi Cheeni, Beetal, and Teddy goats caused by enterotoxemia were 87.58, 75.81, and 76.11%, respectively. Based on toxinotypes in the present outbreaks,C. perfringenstype A (cpα = 20.7%;cpα +cpβ2 = 11.2%) andC. perfringenstype D (cpα +cpβ2 +etx= 47.7%;cpα +etx= 20.7%) were detected. Deaths due toC. perfringenstype D (68.10%) were significantly higher (p< 0.001) compared with deaths byC. perfringenstype A (34.90%). Petechiation of serosal surfaces, hemorrhage of intestines, lungs, and liver were seen. Kidneys were soft, and under the microscope, tubules were studded with erythrocytes. There was stunting and fusion in the intestinal villi. From this study, we concluded that endotoxemia can occur in any season; thus, a proper vaccination schedule must be followed for the protection of small ruminants' health.
In ovo Feeding of L-Leucine Improves Antioxidative Capacity and Spleen Weight and Changes Amino Acid Concentrations in Broilers After Chronic Thermal Stress
Authors: Han Guofeng , Cui Yangyang , Shen Dan , Li Mingyang , Ren Yu , Bungo Takashi , Chowdhury Vishwajit S. , Li Yansen , Li Chunmei
Published: March 2022

L-Leucine (L-Leu) was demonstrated to confer thermotolerance by in ovo feeding in broiler chicks and chickens in our previous studies. However, the L-Leu-mediated roles in recovering from the detrimental effects of heat stress in broilers are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-Leu in ovo feeding on the growth performance, relative weight of organs, serum metabolites and antioxidant parameters, and gene expression profiles in broiler chickens after chronic heat stress. Fertilized broiler eggs (Ross 308) were subjected to in ovo feeding of sterile water (0.5 mL/egg) or L-Leu (69 μmol/0.5 mL/egg) on embryonic day 7. After hatching, the male chicks were separated and used for the current study. All chickens were subjected to thermal stress exposure from 21 to 39 days of age and 1 week of recovery from 40 to 46 days of age. The results showed that in ovo feeding of L-Leu did not affect the body weight gain or relative weight of organs under chronic heat stress; however, the serum glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased and serum malondialdehyde was significantly decreased by L-Leu at 39 days of age. After 1 week of recovery, in ovo feeding of L-Leu significantly improved the relative spleen weight at 46 days of age. Subsequent RNA-seq analysis in the spleen showed that a total of 77 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 62 upregulated DEGs and 15 downregulated DEGs. Aspartic-type endopeptidase and peptidase activities were upregulated after recovery in the L-Leu group. The expression of genes related to B cell homeostatic proliferation and vestibular receptor cell differentiation, morphogenesis and development was downregulated in the L-Leu group. Moreover, the concentrations of serum catalase, total antioxidative capacity, isoleucine and ammonia were significantly decreased by L-Leu in ovo feeding after recovery. These results suggested that L-Leu in ovo feeding promoted the recovery of antioxidative status after chronic heat stress in broiler chickens.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pemegang Saham yang Tidak Menyetor Modal pada Perseroan Terbatas dalam Perspektif Keadilan
Authors: Setiani Rosyida , Intihani Siti Nur
Published: March 2022

Penelitian mengenai perlindungan hukum terhadap Pemegang Saham yang tidak menyetorkan modal pada Perseroan Terbatas dalam perspektif keadilan bertujuan untuk mengetahui kedudukan hukum Pemegang Saham yang tidak setor modal pada Perseroan Terbatas dalam perspektif keadilan. Metode yang digunakan ialah yuridis normatif, yaitu mengkaji data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier. Hasil penelitian adalah kewajiban Pemegang saham diatur dalam Pasal 33-34 UUPT, yaitu : Pemegang saham harus menyetor penuh atas modal yang dtempatkan pada Perseroan, penyetoran modal dibuktikan dengan bukti penyetoran yang sah antara lain bukti setoran ke dalam rekening bank atas nama Perseroan, data dari laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit oleh akuntan, atau neraca Perseroan yang ditandatangani oleh Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris. Pemegang saham yang tidak setor modal tidak dapat menjalankan hak-haknya sebagai pemegang saham, karena tidak dapat membuktikan adanya penyetoran saham pada perseroan. Upaya hukum dilakukan dengan : 1) mengajukan RUPSLB melalui Penetapan Pengadilan, 2) Mengajukan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum kepada Perseroan, 3) Melapor ke pihak kepolisian atas dugaan tindak pidana penggelapan deviden. Dari Putusan Pengadilan, Majelis Hakim menyatakan bahwa pemegang saham yang tidak menyetorkan modal, maka hak-haknya ditunda sampai dengan yang bersangkutan menyetorkan sahamnya ke dalam rekening perusahaan, Pertimbangan hukum   Majelis Hakim Pengadilan, apabila persyaratan kepemilikan saham telah ditetapkan dalam Anggaran Dasar dan ternyata  persyaratan itu “tidak dipenuhi”. Pihak yang memperoleh kepemilikan saham tersebut, tidak dapat menjalankan  hak selaku pemegang saham; antara lain  hak untuk dicatat dalam daftar pemegang saham (selanjutnya DPS), hak untuk menghadiri  dan mengeluarkan suara dalam RUPS atau hak untuk menerima dividen  yang dibagikan. Dan saham tersebut tidak diperhitungkan dalam kourum  yang harus dicapai  sesuai dengan  ketentuan  undang-undang  ini  dan   Anggaran Dasar”. Perlindungan hukum tetap diberikan kepada pemegang saham yang belum setor modal yaitu dinyatakan sah sebagai pemegang saham, namun untuk hak-hak sebagai pemegang saham belum dapat diberikan. Hal mana sesuai asas keadilan.
40 anos de Anistia entre o esquecimento e o negacionismo
Authors: História PET
Published: March 2022

Em virtude da efeméride dos 40 anos da Lei da Anistia numa conjuntura de crescimento do negacionismo referente ao período traumático e conflituoso da Ditadura iniciada com o Golpe de 1964, o grupo PET-História da Unifesp se propôs a produzir um guia de fontes hemerográficas sobre o tema. A Lei da Anistia, conforme sancionada, contribuiu para o silenciamento em torno das torturas e dos demais crimes cometidos pelo Estado. Silenciamento significativo para a construção do imaginário social sobre o período, sobretudo pelas narrativas elaboradas nos jornais da época, que são as fontes desse trabalho. Fragmentos das intensas disputas envolvidas no processo de tramitação e sanção da lei podem ser percebidos nas páginas dos periódicos. Sendo assim, o guia pretende reunir fontes que permitam a compreensão das disputas, narrativas e interesses que moldaram o processo histórico, visando instrumentalizar educadores e educandos, bem como ensejar discussões em sala de aula que possibilitem a análise crítica e, consequentemente, o enfrentamento dessas memórias.
De um saber seguro de si a insegurança do saber
Authors: Bezerra Fonseca Yan
Published: March 2022

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre os historiadores e a historiografia nas sociedades informacionais contemporâneas. Confrontados por uma realidade na qual somos rodeados por um persistente redemoinho semiótico caótico, a historiografia disciplinar e seus principais interlocutores, os historiadores, são afetados por uma profunda crise epistêmica. A História “útil para a vida”, tal qual descrita pelo pensamento nietzschiano , um saber dotado da capacidade de fornecer aos homens o substrato de suas ações no mundo ao qual pertencem, parece evanescer cada vez mais em meio a um cenário de negações, negacionismo, apropriações toscas e desafios à pretensa autoridade daqueles que a ela dedicam sua vida e suas penas. Nesse movimento, os historiadores, autoproclamados “guardiões da musa Clio”, parecem se voltar com maior intensidade a questões ligadas aos usos públicos e, portanto, políticos, que sofrem os passados por eles escritos. É em observação a esse panorama que surge a série de inquietações motivadoras deste artigo.
Entre o gado degenerado e o bife infectado:
Authors: Capozzi Rebeca , Tibilletti de Lara Jorge
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo entender a repercussão da encefalopatia espongiforme bovina (EEB), popularmente conhecida como “doença da vaca louca”, no Jornal do Brasil, entre os anos de 1990 e 1996. Analisaremos a emergência da doença na Europa, seus impactos econômicos, científicos e culturais, e a circulação da temática no Brasil. Faremos uma discussão, tendo como base empírica o tema da EEB, sobre as relações entre história das doenças e história ambiental. Algumas hipóteses também serão levantadas a respeito da mudança da posição econômica do Brasil no mercado global da carne após a epidemia.
Dor como espetáculo: os maus ares na crise sanitária
Authors: Torres Gwan
Published: March 2022

O artigo mostra a descrição das epidemias no Estado de Pernambuco retiradas das obras do médico sanitarista Octavio de Freitas entre os anos de 1900 a 1930, bem como conversa com a obra do filósofo Foucault, O Nascimento da Clínica, no que se refere a relação de poder aplicada à figura médica em tempos epidêmicos. Ainda assim, este estudo serve como reflexão para o tempo presente, haja vista a crise sanitária mundial causada pelo Covid-19.
É do mar que se avista a cidade:
Authors: Cruz dos Anjos Bianca
Published: March 2022

A articulação entre médicos e Estado, vigente no século XIX, propiciou os cuidados com a saúde e higiene pública, bem como a preocupação de “embelezar” e “civilizar” as cidades. Alinhados a esse quadro social, os avanços da medicina permitiram a descoberta sobre o uso dos banhos de mar no combate a diversos males. Esse recurso terapêutico é amplamente difundido na Europa, chegando até o Brasil e as principais metrópoles do país, como Recife. As transformações ocorridas nessa época envolviam uma noção de dualidade,  isto  é, o confronto  entre  o  “velho”  e  “novo”,  as  visões  sobre  si  e  sobre  os  outros  através  do  ritmo acelerado  do  tempo  e  das  modificações  nos  espaços  de  convivência. Apoiado nos livros e nos jornais, o trabalho pretende perscrutar a importância do o uso dos banhos salgados para fins terapêuticos, ressaltando também que contato com o ambiente praieiro é relativamente curto na história da sociedade  brasileira,  sobretudo  para  a  história do Recife, além de propor uma análise histórico-social da implantação do discurso higienista, advindos do processo de modernização, como fator atuante para a compreensão das relações e percepções sobre a praia e os banhos de mar.
papel de Beethoven no pensamento estético-musical decorrente da relação Nietzsche-Wagner
Authors: Rosa Silva Micael
Published: March 2022

Nenhum filósofo pensou a música de forma tão intensa e profusa como Nietzsche. Interpretar as diferentes formas de manifestação musical na história, assim como desvendar os seus significados mais secretos, foi a estratégia encontrada para avaliar os movimentos da cultura ocidental. Nesta empreita, o contato com as obras de Beethoven e Richard Wagner foram decisivos. Não há exagero em afirmar que toda filosofia nietzschiana é marcada pela presença de Wagner, primeiro na forma de uma forte influência, depois como objeto de severa crítica. Entretanto, para uma ampla compreensão dos frutos filosóficos decorrentes da relação Nietzsche-Wagner é fundamental situar o papel que Beethoven nela desempenha. Pensando nisso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar diferentes abordagens de Nietzsche sobre a música beethoveniana, destacando que tais abordagens seguem as mesmas acepções feitas sobre a obra de Wagner.
O novo tema da “Eroica” de Beethoven e o sublime musical em Adorno
Authors: Socha Eduardo
Published: March 2022

Em seu conhecido ensaio sobre a música instrumental de Beethoven, E.T.A. Hoffmann definia os contornos de uma metafísica romântica que identificava na forma sinfônica do compositor a irrupção musical do sublime. Para Hoffmann, “a música instrumental de Beethoven inaugura o reino do descomunal (Ungeheuern) (...) emprega todos os meios do terror, do medo, do espanto, da dor, e desperta a nostalgia infinita (unendliche Sehnsucht) que é a essência do romantismo”. Com efeito, o autor foi um dos primeiros a defender, no início do século 19, a ideia romântica de “música absoluta”, dissociada de funções e textos. Ao associar o sinfonismo de Beethoven ao sublime, afastando-o assim do ideal kantiano do belo (este mais vinculado ao classicismo de Haydn e Mozart), a crítica de Hoffmann repercutiu de modo significativo na tradição musicológica posterior. Neste artigo, pretende-se indicar essa influência na interpretação de Adorno do primeiro movimento da Terceira sinfonia, a Eroica (em particular, a inserção de um novo material temático na seção de desenvolvimento) em sua relação com o sublime. Com isso, espera-se mostrar a produtividade dos escritos musicais de Adorno para a concepção do sublime, fundamental para Teoria estética. Por fim, será encaminhada uma breve discussão sobre as implicações políticas da reflexão adorniana sobre o sinfonismo de Beethoven.
Isolation and Identification of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria and Diagnostics of Pulmonary Mycobacteriosis in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Суркова Л.К. , Залуцкая О.М. , Скрягина Е.М. , Николенко Е.Н. , Яцкевич Н.В. , Стринович А.Л. , Шаламовский В.В.
Published: March 2022

Нетуберкулезные микобактерии (НТМ) широко распространены в окружающей среде и могут вызвать патологию, называемую микобактериозом.Заболевания органов дыхания, вызываемые НТМ, характеризуются сходными с туберкулезом клинико-рентгенологическими проявлениями и требуют отличного от туберкулеза лечения, которое основано на применении комбинации антибактериальных препаратов широкого спектра действия и противотуберкулезных лекарственных средств.Лечение микобактериозов требует точной видовой идентификации НТМ и определения лекарственной чувствительности к антибактериальным препаратам.В статье представлены данные микробиологического мониторинга распространения и видового разнообразия НТМ в Республике Беларусь за периоды 2014–2017 гг. и 2018–2019 гг. Среди выделенных культур НТМ преобладали медленнорастущие (86,0% и 89,28% в 2014–2017 гг. и 2018–2019 гг. соответственно). Наиболее распространенными видами НТМ за указанные периоды остаются M. avium (40,96% и 45,46% соответственно) и M. avium complex (50,29% и 56,87% соответственно). За последние годы возросла частота выделения таких видов НТМ, какM. gordonae, M. xenopi, M. kansasii, увеличилась частота выделения смешанных культур, в том числе культур комплекса M. tuberculosis и НТМ. Молекулярная диагностика с использованием GenoType Mycobacterium CM характеризуется достаточно высокой дискриминирующей способностью видовой идентификации НТМ (81,55%).

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) are widespread in the environment and can cause a pathology called mycobacteriosis.Respiratory diseases caused by NTM are characterized by clinical and X-ray manifestations similar to tuberculosis and require treatment different from tuberculosis which is based on the use of a combination of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs and anti-tuberculous drugs.The treatment of mycobacteriosis requires accurate identification of NTM species and determination of drug sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.The article presents the data of microbiological monitoring of the distribution and species diversity of NTMs in the Republic of Belarus for the periods of 2014–2017 and 2018–2019. The prevalence of slowly growing NTMs was established (86.0 and 89.28%, respectively). M. avium (40.96 and 45.46%, respectively) and M. avium complex (50.29 and 56.87%, respectively) remain the most common for these periods. In recent years, the frequency of isolation of M. gordonae, M. xenopi, M. kansasii has increased as well as isolation of increased excretion of mixed cultures including cultures oftuberculosis complex and NTM. Molecular diagnostics using GenoType Mycobacterium CM is characterized by a fairly high discriminatory ability of the species identification of NTMs (81.55%).
PENGEMBANGAN PANDUAN PRAKTIKUM BERDASARKAN PENELITIAN PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DOSIS RAGI DALAM PEMBUATAN TAPE BERAS KETAN HITAM (Oryza sativa glutinosa) TERHADAP KANDUNGAN KADAR GLUKOSA DAN pH
Authors: Vlorensius Vlorensius , Imaniar Uli , Karliandi Karliandi , Nasir Nasir
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dosis ragi paling ideal dalam pembuatan tape ketan hitam dan mengembangan panduan praktikum berdasarkan hasil penelitian. Penelitian menggunakan model pengembangan Borg Gall dengan mengadaptasi sampai pada tahap ketiga. Hasil yang didapat menyatakan bahwa dosis ragi 2gr merupakan dosis paling optimal berdasarkan kadar glokusa dan pH. Hasil validasi ahli materi dan media pada panduan praktikum yang dikembangkan menunjukan hasil yang valid.Kata Kunci:  Panduan Praktikum, Tape, Glukosa, pH
PROFIL KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS CALON GURU BIOLOGI DI UNIVERSITAS BORNEO TARAKAN
Authors: Adhani Aidil , Basnawati Basnawati , Zulfadli Zulfadli , Ariesta Clara Maria , Siska Mia , Suhaya Suhaya , Ramadhan Tricirisna Prakash
Published: March 2022

PISA defines the definition of scientific literacy as the ability to use scientific knowledge, identify problems, and draw conclusions based on evidence, in order to understand and make decisions about nature and the changes that occur in nature as a result of human activities (Rustaman, 2006; New South Wales Department of Education and Communities, 2011; Gormally et al., 2012). Students as prospective biology teachers must have good scientific literacy. This scientific literacy must be possessed by prospective biology teacher students for better learning for future generations. This study aims to determine the profile of understanding the scientific literacy of prospective biology teachers at the University of Borneo Tarakan. The research method used is descriptive with a quantitative descriptive approach, because the research conducted describes the scientific literacy profile of prospective biology teachers at Borneo Tarakan University. The sampling technique used is random sampling. Descriptive research is a research that describes according to the facts that exist about a natural thing (Sukmadinata, 2011). Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the percentage of good scores contained in the indicators identifies scientific opinions that are valid 70%, and effective literature searches 74.4%. There is enough percentage on the indicator to understand and interpret basic statistics with a value of 54.4%. And indicators 3, 5, 6, and aim are classified as very less. The average score of scientific literacy for all indicators is 49.71% with a very poor category. Keywords:  profile, science literacy, teacher candidate, biology.
HUBUNGAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X LINTAS MINAT PADA MATA PELAJARAN BIOLOGI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI (MAN) TARAKAN
Authors: Leila Leila , Adhani Aidil , Vlorensius Vlorensius
Published: March 2022

This research was intended to measure the relationship between students’ interest in Biology subject to students’ learning outcomes at class X cross-interest students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Tarakan. The design of the research was a survey with descriptive correlational quantitative data. This research population was 184 students of class X, cross-interest students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Tarakan, and the research sample was 70 students. The sample was determined using the nonprobability sampling technique from purposive sampling. Overall data were obtained based on scores from students’ interest questionnaires and multiple choice questions, then analyzed by Pearson Product Moment Correlation Test and Linear Regression Test. There was no relationship between students’ interest in Biology learning outcomes with a significance value of 0.407. Keywords:  Interest, Cross-Interests, Biology Learning Outcomes