bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing Excellence Approach to Business Performance Model
Authors: Alvarez Jesus Cruz , Perry Carlos Monge
Published: July 2015

Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, total quality management, quality control, and quality function deployment are the fundamental set of tools to enhance productivity in organizations. There is some research that outlines the benefit of each tool into a particular context of firm´s productivity, but not into a broader context of firm´s competitiveness that is achieved thru business performance. The aim of this theoretical research paper is to contribute to this mean and propose a manufacturing excellence approach that links productivity tools into a broader context of business performance.
A STUDY OF THE INVESTMENT BEHAVIOR BASED ON BEHAVIORAL FINANCE
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zheng Xiaosong
Published: July 2015

Behavior finance introduces psychology, sociology and other research methods into the study of investment behavior to explain how investors handle the information and take actions. This paper presents the literatures as theoretical solutions to the market anomalies of the traditional market theories. The behavioral psychology is examined through the study on the questionnaire of Chinese security investors. The results show that the investors are not always adopt rational behaviors as traditional finance theory assumed, but make a lot of irrational decisions based on individual cognitive and prejudices, even institutional investors often show the characteristic of irrational. In the guidance of the behavioral finance theory, the research will be closer to the reality and give more significant insight to the selection of investment strategy and psychology characteristic used to explain market anomalies.
Disclosure of Non-Financial Information Voluntarily in the Annual Report of Financial Institutions: A Study on Listed Banks of Bangladesh
Authors: Arif Hussain Muhammad , Tuhin Mehedi Hasan
Published: July 2015

The aim of this paper is to measure the extent of disclosure of voluntary non-financial information in the annual reports of listed banks in Bangladesh. An effort has also been made to identify the company specific factors responsible for disclosing voluntary non-financial information in addition to mandatory information. An unweighted disclosure index with 48 items has been used to measure the extent of disclosure. The study reveals that most of the listed banks of Bangladesh are making satisfactory level of voluntary disclosure with average score of about 62%. The findings also show that out of three company specific attributes, age and size are significant in explaining the level of voluntary disclosure.
DOES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IMPROVE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CEMAC COUNTRIES?
Authors: ONGO NKOA EMMANUEL BRUNO 
Published: July 2015

The aim of this research work is to assess the influence of FDI on economic growth in the CEMAC region. The ratio of FDIs in the actual GDP of countries of the CEMAC region has recorded a steady annual increase for the past three decades. Moreover, the high variability of FDI, given the various crises and fluctuations in the prices of raw materials invites us to reflect and question the impact of FDI on growth by studying the case of CEMAC countries. The theoretical analysis is based on the neoclassical growth theory and its extensions. After the selection of a model crafted from Imoudu (2012) and Boreinsztein et al. (1998). The results show that FDI have a positive impact on the growth of the sub-region and these are conveyed by human capital.
SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: OPPORTUNITY FOR THAI-RURAL FARMER DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Jiumpanyarach Waripas
Published: July 2015

This paper analyzed an opportunity of rural farmers in north of Thailand by interviewing 124 households which were 59 families from Tumbon-Santa Aumpor- Narnoi Nan province, 23 families from Tumbon-Banlao Aumpor-Mayjai Prayao Province, 22 families from Tumbon-Sritoi Aumpor-Mayjai Prayao Province, and 20 families from Tumbon-Parfak Aumpor-Mayjai Prayao Province during January 2012 – October 2012. Probit model was developed to answer some factors that impacted farm’s income. The results showed that the relationships between both organic and inorganic land and income level are positive. Most of the farmers were willing to change from conventional agricultures to organic agriculture but they did not have enough information and extension from government and private sectors. Comparing benefits and cost between conventional and organic agriculture found that organic agricultures provided better price and farmers will have better quality of live. Systems of knowledge and policies need to be developed and apply for peasants and farmers in north rural area in Thailand.
EXPLORING BRAND PREFERENCES OF SLOVAK CONSUMERS ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES
Authors: Vilčeková Lucia , Sabo Miroslav
Published: July 2015

The paper describes brand buying behavior of Slovak consumers across different demographic features with emphasis on domestic versus foreign brands. First, the introduction to brands and branding is provided, followed by description of purchase decision process and finally, research results are presented. The representative research was conducted in year 2013 on a sample of 1067 Slovak consumers older than 16 years of age. A relationship between age and attitudes toward brands was determined. Young people prefer foreign brands and country of origin is more important for them as for older consumers. The size of a city where people live does not have any influence on their brand preferences. Differences within gender were found, men prefer domestic products and women think foreign brands are more available. Women buy Slovak products because they want to support the economy.
SCHEMES AND LEVELS OF STATE AID TO RAIL INDUSTRY IN EUROPE: EVIDENCES FROM A CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISON
Authors: Arrigo Ugo , Foggia Giacomo Di
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the evolution of both schemes and levels of public support to railway sector in selected European countries. Although prior research sheds some light on this topic, more information is required to clarify national obligations under European railway liberalisation law regarding incentives toward railway undertakings. Focusing on Italy, besides the reduction of capital grants, justified by the completion of the high-speed line Turin-Milan-Naples, this paper finds an increasing support to the service operators and in the meantime a reduction of subsidies aimed at financing network operations. This shift of resources may undermine competition. The findings of this study help to fill the gap in estimating State aid to European  railways.
E-BUSINESS ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION SOLUTIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RELATED COMPANIES
Authors: García-Díez Javier , Mompó Rafael , Redoli Judith , López-Coronado Miguel
Published: July 2015

Nowadays, there is no doubt that information technology (IT) is an essential driving force for the company’s development, unquestionably aiding the same in improving its competitiveness. However, small and medium-sized enterprises have difficulties in deciding on the best strategy to implement the aforementioned technologies. The present article proposes a strategic model based on the gradual implementation of technologies within the companies. The model was put into practice successfully within agro-food companies.
HIERARCHICAL-TYPE STRUCTURES OF THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Kotchetkov Artur
Published: July 2015

The assessment of hierarchical structures has long been under examination by scientists for more than a hundred years.  Hierarchical structures are significantly associated with effective management and bureaucratic decisions making.  A wide range of problems exists on this subject, including the analysis of the most applied management models at the enterprises.  These models describe hierarchical structures, and also permit the reduction in management expenses.  Methodological basis of the real research are classical concepts presented in different branches of the management theory.  The real research is based on methods of the functional and structural analysis, as well as on empirical observation method.Adequate evaluation of hierarchical structures enables an achievement in efficiency of enterprise management.  The importance of the research findings comprises the presented recommendations and in a new approach of  hierarchical structures assessment.  These results can be used by market-related institutes, e.g. insurance companies, banking institutions, auditor companies, etc.
DOES MARKETING RELATE TO FINANCE? – “MARKETING IS FINANCE?” THEORETICAL PERCEPTION
Authors: Fetahu Elvira
Published: July 2015

As market develops and grows continuously and internationalizes, the confusion among companies increases regarding their orientation of the business. They find it each day more difficult to grab new shares in the market, to capture and gain new customers, to hold their clientele, to increase continuously their customers’ satisfaction, to position properly in the market and to face competition, as well as to answer to the spontaneity of the market evolution.  This tells for an increasing role of marketing in the companies’ organization, and of course in their performance and profitability. Even this necessity, the top management and other departments, but especially the finance ones are often debating on the marketing role and its contribution in the overall profit of the company, as marketing is very much oriented and familiar with performance indicators rather than financial results and profit in itself. There are views recently which emphasize that marketing is finance too, as it completes the value chain and realizes indirectly all the company’s targets. To this logic it has become necessary to measure its performance not only using marketing KPI (Key Performance Indicator) but financial metrics too. The study aims to show the reasons why marketing and finance are closely related and why “marketing is finance”. This is a deduction-induction-deduction theoretical review and treatment of the question, based on some facts and arguments both, from the world wide experience, as well as from Albanian reality of business and marketing.
Working Capital Management and the Profitability of Non- Financial Firms Listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE)
Authors: Gachira Walter , Chiwanzwa Washington , Nkomo Dingilizwe Jacob , Chikore Runesu
Published: July 2015

Working capital is essential for the day-to-day operations of a firm. The study examines the impact of working capital management on the profitability of non-financial firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE). Using panel data methodology, the direction and extent of the impact of working capital management on profitability is scrutinised. The regression analysis is based on a panel sample of 39 non-financial firms listed on the ZSE from 2009 to 2013, the period under which the Zimbabwean economy has been operating under the multicurrency system. It was found that there is a positive relationship between debtors’ days and firm’s profitability, a negative relationship between creditors’ days and profitability and a positive relationship between firm’s cash conversion cycle and its profitability. There is some negative relationship between current ratio and profitability, while inventory turnover days and profitability are positively related. Debt to asset ratio as a control variable has a significant negative relationship with firm value and profitability. The results of the study show that for the companies included in the sample, there are mixed effects of the components of working capital on firm performance. Managers can thus create value for shareholders by taking note of the existence of such relationships and take measures that enhance firm profitability.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTION RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Zaidi Uzma
Published: July 2015

The study aimed to implement action research method in educational institution for the sake of positive reforms and to initiate process of progress by using combination of Organizational Psychology and Administration. It is observed that those educational  institutions who do not meet the needs of advanced technology and serve with limited capacity gradually lose their position. The organizational research strategies discussed in this study were applied by author during Feb, 2011-Aug,2012 while performing the duties as Head of the Department at Applied Psychology, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The implementations could be helpful to apply these strategies in similar or other various fields.
IS INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP NECESSITY OR AN OPPORTUNITY IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC? A PANEL STUDY
Authors: Tynaliev Urmatbek
Published: July 2015

The goal of this research has been to verify the theoretical discussions on the similarities of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) classified opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship across seven regions of Kyrgyz Republic (KR) and its capital, Bishkek city. Individual entrepreneurs with employees (IEWEs) and without employees (IEWOEs) were used as proxy dependent variables for opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship. The independent variables include unemployment rates, poverty rates, microcredit recipients, crime rate and a few others. The study period was from 2002 to 2012. The least squares dummy variable (LSDV) panel data method was employed, using dummies specifically for each region. The findings of this research from a macro perspective did not confirm those similarities. Proxy dependent variables for opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship, IEWEs and IEWOEs, are rarely affected by the same factors.
NETWORK RESEARCH ON INTERNATINALIZATION OF FIRMS FROM THE EMERGING ECONOMIES: LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROPOSITIONS
Authors: Kazlauskaite Ruta , Abramavicius Sarunas , Sarapovas Tadas , Gelbuda Modestas , Venciūtė Dominyka
Published: July 2015

Although interest in internationalization of firms from the emerging economies is growing, research employing network theories has been limited. The article provides a systematic literature review on the internationalization of firms originating from the emerging economies, from a network perspective. The major finding is that, contrary to expectations, social networks do not play such an important role as in the case of developed market firms. To fill this gap and to advance a more nuanced view of the network effects, the paper generates hypothesis highlighting the positive impact of networks on the initiation of internationalization process, and negative impact of social networks on speed, foreign market diversity and internationalization performance.
THE CONTENT OF PROTECTIVE BARRIER OF THE STOMACH IN PATIENTS WITH DUODENAL ULCER ASSOCIATED AND NON-ASSOCIATED WITH H. PYLORI INFECTION
Authors: Yakubov Abdujalol Vahabovich , Pulatova Nargiza Ihsanovna
Published: July 2015

The condition of the protective barrier of the stomach in patients with duodenal ulcer associated and non-associated with H. pylori infection has been studied. The state of gastric mucosal barrier was studied in 72 patients with peptic ulcer disease association with H. pylori and 26 patients without H. pylori by determining the content of insoluble glycoproteins and its fractions in the basal portion of the gastric juice. In a comparative perspective the state of these indicators were studied depending on the association with H. pylori and the severity of the disease.In patients with H. pylori, damages of protective mucus barrier are characterized by the significant shortage of fucose, which is considered to be the main component of the insoluble glycoproteins.  In patients without H. pylori, status of mucosal barrier is characterized by uniform and less significant reduction in the content of fractions of insoluble glycoproteins. In this patients the reduction of insoluble glycoproteins is not dependent on the frequency of exacerbation.The content of fucose in the mucous gel of gastric juice is a diagnostic criterion for determining the frequency of recurrence of the disease in patients with H. pylori infection.
LEVEL OF MARKERS OF NEURODEGENERATION IN PATIENTS WITH OCULAR ISCHEMIC SYNDROME
Authors: Kamilov Halidjan , Kasimova Munirahon , Makhkamova Dilbar
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the content neurospecific markers protein S-100 and neuroenolaza in blood serum and tear fluid of patients with ocular ischemic syndrome.Material and methods. We observed 43 patients aged 57 to 79 years, mean age 67.3 ± 2.7 years. Control group consisted of 11 volunteers  without ophthalmic symptoms. The main group consisted of 32 patients with OIS. The neurospecific proteins S100 and NSE were investigated in blood serum and tear fluid.Results. The study found that in patients of the control group the content of protein were within the normal range: S- 100 in the tear fluid – 0,0662 ± 0,00335 mkg/l, in the blood serum 0,0508 ± 0,00241 mkg/l. In patients of the main group the indicators of protein in the tear fluid were elevated in all patients - 3,12 ± 0,246 mkg/l ( p<0.005). The normal levels in blood serum of marker S-100 was in 30 patients - 0,0589 ± 0,00303 mkg/l, while, in 2 patients protein S-100 were raised and averaged 0,2175±0,00725 mkg/l. It was found that in patients of the control group content of protein NSE in the tear fluid and blood serum were within normal values - 15,86 ± 0,148 Ng/ml, 15,60 ± 0,202 Ng/ml respectively. In the main group the amount of protein NSE tended to increase in the tear fluid in 23 patients and averaged 33,012 ± 3,2626 Ng/ml (p<0.005), a significant decrease the quantity of protein was observed in 9 patients, which amounted to 5,166 ± 0,8301 Ng/ml. At normal levels in the blood serum protein NSE detected in 30 patients and averaged 14,48 ± 0,263 Ng/ml, whereas, in 2 patients there was a significant increase of content of protein NSE and was 27,47 ± 3,068 Ng/ml.Conclusions. Thus, changes in the concentration of S100 and neuroenolaza in the tear fluid in patients with ocular ischemic syndrome allow to identify as marker of nerve cells damage of the eye, contributing to the definition in conjunction with other signs of stage and etiology of the disease.
SURGICAL TACTICS FOR INTESTINAL MALROTATION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Ergashev Nasriddin Shamsiddinovich , Sattarov Jamoliddin Bahronovich
Published: July 2015

Abstract: Many aspects of surgical treatment of intestinal malrotation in children remain to be debatable. In the opinion of the majority of the specialists, surgical treatment is required after the diagnosis taking into account serious complications of intestinal malrotation.Purpose. The purpose of this research was to conduct an analysis of surgical tactics and operative treatment method for isolated and associated intestinal malrotations in children.Material and methods. We observed 123 children at the age of one day to 15 years with malrotation during the period of 2002 to 2013.Results. We presented the data from observing 123 children at the age of one day to 15 years with various clinical-anatomic forms of intestinal malrotation over from 2002 to 2013. In 62 patients (50.4%), the evidences of the high intestinal obstruction were prevalent, while 61 (49.6%) showed signs of low intestinal obstruction. 116 patients (94,3%) were given operative intervention: radical – 95(81,9%) and palliative – 21 (18,1%). In 56 % of the cases, various simultaneous surgeries were required. There are proposed differential approaches in relation to anatomic form of malrotation and possibility of the fixation of large intestine in the physiological position.Conclusion. The results obtained from the operative treatment are presented. The lethal outcomes could be reduced from 54.7%, among the patients being observed from 2002 to 2010, to 16,7% in patients being operated during 2011 to 2013.
VOLUNTARY SURGICAL CONTRACEPTION OF WOMEN OF LATE REPRODUCTIVE AGE SUFFERING FROM PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE – FEATURES AND BENEFITS
Authors: Nasimova Nigina
Published: July 2015

In recent years there has been a noticeable "rejuvenation" of pelvic organ prolapse. Inconsistency of the pelvic floor muscles, including the omission of sexual organs, is extremely common pathology, observed almost a third of women of reproductive age. The search for effective, convenient methods of contraception for this category of patients is an important problem of modern gynecology.We proposed a method of transvaginal voluntary surgical contraception, produced in conjunction with surgical treatment of descent and prolapse of the vaginal walls. Studied the nearest and long-term results of surgery in 50 women to which, during the surgical treatment of genital prolapse at the same time was performed transvaginal occlusion of the fallopian tubes. Control groups consisted of 30 women to which in the first step before surgical correction of pelvic organ prolapse have been performed minilaparotomy and voluntary surgical sterilization (VSS). Our method consists in penetrating into the abdominal cavity through the anterior vaginal vault, downgrading the fallopian tubes with a hook of Ramathibodi and tubal sterilization by Pomeroy method. Intra - and postoperative complications were not observed. In the late postoperative periods - the effectiveness of the method was 100%. Marked tendency to improve the quality of sexual life tells about the positive impact of elimination of genital prolapse with simultaneous DCA on the quality of life of women.
THE STUDY OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN BONE TISSUE OF ALVEOLAR PROCESS OF JAWS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AFTER IMPLANTATION OF A NEW CONSTRUCTION OF DENTAL IMPLANT FROM TITANIUM BT-1.00 DEVELOPED IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Khabilov Nigman Lukmanovich , Mun Tatyana Olegovna , Usmonov Farkhodjon Komiljonovich , Baybekov Iskander Mukhamedovich
Published: July 2015

The widespread introduction of dental implant in the dental practice will determine progress and the future of prosthetic dentistry. At the same time, like any new direction dental implantation has generated a lot of questions and unsolved problems. On many of these issues and problems can be answered only by using morphological methods. Therefore, after the development of a new construction of the dental implant one of the main issues was the question of its interaction with the jawbone and soft tissues of the oral cavity.We performed the experiment on 24 long snout dogs of both sexes, weighing 30-35 kg, with normal bite, at the age of 20-24 months. Animals were divided into 2 groups, according to samples of screw dental implants used in the experiment: basic group - 12 dogs in which were used samples of the new construction of dental implant “Implant.uz” (Uzbekistan); control group – 12 dogs in which were applied screw dental implant system “Dentium” (South Korea). Terms of derivation of animals from experiments were 1, 3, and 6 months.By using morphological techniques were studied implants “Implant.uz” from medical titanium BT-1.00 brand, their interaction with bone of alveolar ridge. “Implant.uz” did not cause pathological changes in the bone tissue of alveolar ridges of jaws and could be an alternative to known dental implants.
STATE OF MICROBIAL LANDSCAPE OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE STENOSING LARYNGOTRACHEITIS
Authors: Samieva Gulnoza Utkurovna
Published: July 2015

The increase in the number of acute respiratory infections in children, accompanied by airway obstruction, often leads to the development of stenotic laryngotracheitis. The primary factors are respiratory viruses, and bacterial flora often joining together, changing the type of the disease which is determined by its outcome. Exposure to infectious agents in the body contribute to the development of chronic infectious diseases of the respiratory tract in children, resulting in damages to the ciliary epithelium and weakening of its connection with the basal cells and the basement membrane. This, in turn, facilitates the penetration of allergens and other inflammation stimulants into submucosal tissue.We have studied the state of the microbial landscape of the mucous membranes in the upper respiratory tract in 275 patients with stenosing laryngotracheitis; they are children aged 6 months to 5 years. All patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 122 children with primary stenosing laryngotracheitis (PSLT); group 2 were 153 patients with recurrent stenosing laryngotracheitis (RSLT).  We noted that the most common mucosal lesion of germs in all age groups falls on Staphylococcus aureus. It has been established that the nasopharynx microbial defeat is found twice as often at RSLT than at PSLT. In older children with RSLT, oropharynx was frequently a complex association of pathogens.
STUDY OF MACRO- AND MICROELEMENTS COMPOSITION IN THE BIOLOGICAL MEDIA, CLINICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH CONSEQUENCES OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
Authors: Aliev Mansur , Mamadaliev Abdurakhmon
Published: July 2015

The aim of this research was to investigate the macro- and microelements composition in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the blood serum of patients, with different consequences of TBI before and after complex treatment, with the use of endolumbal and intracystal introduction of ozone and pyracetam in dynamics.Macro- and microelements composition was investigated in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of 83 patients. State of neurological disorders in patients evaluated by the Glasgow Outcome Scale was extended. Thus, positive changes may be noted in the metabolism of macro- and microelements in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients who were treated according to our suggested methods – endolumbal introductions of nootropic ozone mixture and endocystal introductions of ozone.
SPECIFIC MARKER OF NEURODEGENERATION IN OPTIC NEURITIS
Authors: Kamilov Halidjan , Kasimova Munirahon , Khamraeva Gavkhar
Published: July 2015

Early diagnosis of optic neuritis (ON) is essential to prevent or limit the structural damage and permanent loss of visual function. The aim of this study was to estimate prognostic importance of the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in blood serum and lachrymal fluid in optic neuritis. The clinical-diagnostic examination was performed on patients with optic neuritis, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Visually Evoked Potentials (VEP), MR – tractography, as well as analysis of NSE content in blood serum and in lachrymal fluid.Decreased level of NSE in lachrymal fluid in patients with acute stage of optic neuritis and increased level of NSE in patients with optic neuritis at the stage of transition into atrophy of optic nerve disc were detected. Comparative analysis demonstrated relatively high level of NSE in lachrymal fluid at transitional stage to atrophy as compared to acute phase.
ISOLATED PRIMARY HYDATID CYST OF THE PANCREAS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Yuksel Mehmet Eren , Aytac Bulent , Karamercan Ahmet
Published: July 2015

Hydatid disease is caused by tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. E. granulosus forms hydatid cysts in human body, mostly in the liver and the lung. However, isolated primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas is rarely seen. Hereby, we report a 40-year-old Caucasian female with a hydatid cyst in the body of the pancreas. The patient, complaining of vague abdominal pain was examined with abdominal ultrasound. The ultrasound scan of abdomen revealed an exophytic cystic lesion in the body of the pancreas, approximately 7.5x5 cm in size. The defined lesion was thought to be compatible with hydatid cyst stage 4-5. The  surgical team informed the patient about all possible treatment options. The patient was put on albendazole treatment, 400 mg twice daily, for two months. Despite the medical treatment, the patient complained about abdominal pain and discomfort affecting her daily life. Therefore, she decided for surgical intervention. Following the intraoperative application of scolicidal hypertonic 20% NaCl solution, partial cystectomy with capitonnage was performed. The patient did well postoperatively. Isolated primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas is rarely seen, however, it should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, especially in endemic areas.
INDICATORS OF DYNAMICAL PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN WOMEN USING INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Yusupova Umida , Ayupova Farida
Published: July 2015

Birth rate regulation is a major problem of modern medicine. Unfortunately, frequency of artificial abortions is still high not only in developing, but also in developed countries. Abortion results in severe gynecologic and endocrine complications in the woman’s body (Alieva, 2001).Use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) is a most effective method of contraception. A great number of studies in the field of utilization and possible complications of IUDs revealed the occurrence of inflammatory diseases of small pelvis organs (IDSPO).With this in mind, we studied the data obtained from 77 women using copper IUDs in maternity facility №2 of the city of Andizhan (Uzbekistan). Duration of patients’ follow-up ranged 40 days to 6 months. Women did not have contraindications for IUDs according to WHO medical eligibility criteria. Blood was a material for study; it was taken in 40 days, 3 and 6 months following IUD insertion. After insertion of copper IUDs to women, a cytokine cascade was studied in dynamics. The serum content of IL-1, IL-6 and concentration of TNFα was measured in all patients according to the instruction attached to immunoenzymatic analyzer "АТ-858" manufactured in China. The minimum concentration of TNFα reliably identified in this test system made 4 pg/ml.During the study, the women of the test group showed increased proinflammatory cytokines. The further study of vaginal smears confirmed development of bacterial vaginoses in them that suggests a relation of complications due to IUDs with imbalance of the cytokine cascade.Elevated serum concentration of cytokines was revealed in women with IUDs already on the first days of their application.Sharp increase in IL-1 on days 40 and 90 after insertion of IUDs is associated with presence of complications in the form of expulsions and possible development of inflammatory diseases of small pelvis organs.
Greek Language teaching by means of technology
Authors: Koçi Donika , Boboli Aleksandër
Published: July 2015

Inclusion of technology in the process of second language acquisition has always been a priority for teachers and students. This article reviews the current trends in using technology based on language instructions in Greek language teaching educational settings. Although it has been demonstrated that the use of technology as an instructional medium provides unique learning qualities, it has not been entirely embraced by Greek language teachers and professors in Albania. Furthermore, recent advancements of internet services provide remarkable possibilities for supporting a variety of learning activities in Greek language classrooms. Yet, classroom practice in using technology has not gone too far beyond simple viewing and listening to video content for eliciting discussion among Greek language students. This paper particularly highlights the role of technology in the process of improving student skills.
THE SOCIO-POLITICAL LEXICON IN THE POETRY OF THE ALBANIAN WRITER DRITËRO AGOLLI
Authors: Kamberi Sashenka
Published: July 2015

Dritëro Agolli is one of the best-known poets of contemporary Albanian literature. He is a prolific writer despite the fact that he began writing in early youth. His early verse collections in late 50s introduced him to the public as a gifted writer together with I. Kadare. In addition to being a writer, he has been one of the most active members in the socio-political life of the country, identifying himself as a writer affiliated with a political party who put his talent to good use when it came to ideological issues. He strongly believed in “the communist ideal” on which he had pinned his dreams about himself and his country.In this article we will talk about the lexicon he uses in his creations which feature party content. Since it is impossible to analyze his whole work we will concentrate on two such typical works written in different political periods, the poem “Mother Albania” (1974) and the volume “The Belated Pilgrim” (1993). Our aim is not merely to highlight the socio-political lexicon he uses, but also through analyses to show its function in his poetry and the mastery of the poet to transform it into a source of expression. Despite the penumbras that have accompanied the writer’s high standing and his poetry, he remains one of the poets who, despite his political commitments, elevated Albanian poetry to new heights.
Use of a copolymer dressing on superficial and partial-thickness burns in a paediatric population
Authors: Everett M. , Massand S. , Davis W. , Burkey B. , Glat P.M.
Published: July 2015

Objective:

Despite extensive research into the treatment of partial-thickness burns, to date there has not been the emergence of a preeminent modality. This pilot study, the first such study to be performed in a burn unit in the US, was designed to evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of the application of copolymer dressing (Suprathel; PolyMedics Innovations Corporation, Stuttgart, Germany) for both superficial and deeper partial-thickness burns.

Method:

The copolymer dressing was used as a primary wound dressing to treat superficial and deep partial-thickness burns (average 5% total body surface area) in paediatric patients. Burns were debrided within 24 hours, at bedside, in the burn unit or in the operating room. The copolymer dressing was then applied directly to the wound and covered with a non-adherent second layer and an absorptive outer dressing. After discharge, patients were seen every 5–7 days until healed. Parameters evaluated included average hospital length of stay, average number of intravenous doses of narcotics administered, pain score at first follow-up visit, average time to complete re epithelialisation, incidence of burn wound infection, and patient/parent satisfaction on a 4-point scale. We also evaluated our experience with the dressing. Data were evaluated retrospectively under an Investigational Review Board approved protocol.

Results:

Of the 17 patients assessed the average hospital length of stay was 1.4 days during which the average number of intravenous narcotic doses administered before copolymer dressing application was 1.5 and after was 0.1 doses. At the first follow-up visit, average pain score was 1.2 on a 10-point scale and the average time to re epithelialisation was 9.5 days. There was no incidence of burn wound infection. Patient/parent satisfaction was average of 3.66 on a 4-point scale. The staff had found that the self-adherence and elasticity of the dressing made it easy to apply and stay adherent, especially in areas of difficult contour. There were no readmissions for further debridement or skin grafting.

Conclusion:

Our experience shows that patients may be discharged shortly after the application of the copolymer dressing, with manageable pain scores and ease of use as determined by the caretakers high satisfaction. This new, fully synthetic copolymer dressing is easy to apply, does not require any additional antimicrobial coverage and may be used to successfully manage deeper partial-thickness burns, donor sites or burns in areas of contour, where many other dressings might not be considered or be appropriate.

Declaration of interest:

None declared
Cybersocial Connectedness: A Survey of Perceived Benefits and Disadvantages of Social Media Use
Authors: Belangee Susan , Bluvshtein Marina , Haugen Daniel
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this article is to review the results of a 2014 survey of students, faculty, staff, alumni, and friends of the Adler Graduate School in Richfield, Minnesota. The survey aimed to explore the use of social media and other virtual connectors in Adlerian higher education and professional development, as well as in maintaining general social ties in our society. A total of 170 individuals responded to the 19-item questionnaire. Most respondents were students at the Adler Graduate School, and almost 70 percent reported living in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. Results of the survey are discussed along with implications for educators and other concerned professionals.
Ethical Implications of Trends in Technology
Authors: Klaus Courtney L. , Hartshorne Timothy S.
Published: July 2015

Technological advancements are ubiquitous in society and clearly have implications for the provision of mental health services. But with any innovation comes ethical concerns, and the use of technology raises questions about confidentiality, professional boundaries, and competence. This article addresses ethical concerns with the use of email, texting, telephone, videoconferencing, and social media.
The Impact of Social Media on Personal and Professional Lives: An Adlerian Perspective
Authors: Fleck Jesse , Johnson-Migalski Leigh
Published: July 2015

A Pew Research Internet Project report indicates that 73% of adults online use some kind of social networking site (Duggan & Smith, 2013). Given this widespread “social” behavior, Adlerian mental health providers should comprehend the positive and negative impact of social media use. This article defines and applies holism, teleology, striving, and phenomenology to interpret current research on social media use. Social interest and community feeling guide the analysis of the positive versus the negative impact of this now-common human practice. Social media use can educate and reduce isolation of clients demonstrating its practicality and pragmatism. Clinicians’ and clients’ lack of awareness and knowledge of the impact of social media use on their relationships connotes a risk. Solutions are provided to help maintain and deepen the therapeutic relationships. Interpretations of specific social media behavior are offered through an Adlerian lens of striving and phenomenology to underscore the need to look at motivation and context while understanding someone’s behavior.
Serious Reading, Internet, and the Development of Social Interest
Authors: Buelow Ruth K. Dahle , Hansen Andrea , Hoffman Mary Kay
Published: July 2015

This forum provides three responses to Rosenwald’s (2014) article on changes in the ability of students to read complex material as a result of excessive online screen time. The contributors to the column are faculty (Dahle Buelow) and students (Hansen and Hoffman) from the Adler Graduate School in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The first response offers an introduction to the topic and a balanced perspective, the second offers a reflection on personal growth and choice making, and the third offers a view of time past, the power of creativity, and choice. All three responses embrace the notion of family connectedness as the foundation for building social interest.
From Netthinking to Networking to Netfeeling: Using Social Media to Help People in Job Transitions
Authors: Bluvshtein Marina , Kruzic Melody , Massaglia Victor
Published: July 2015

The relational nature of humans and the importance of human society as a stage for human actions and emotions are some of the core assumptions of Individual Psychology. The quality of one’s ties to community is tested constantly, especially during transitions. This article explores the phenomenon of job transition in a context of general life transitions and the role of social media in maintaining one’s ties to community and one’s fulfillment of an Adlerian task of work. This article also investigates modern social media’s ability to strengthen one’s sense of a “net” and, ideally, to create a “netfeeling,” or Gemeinschaftsgefühl .
Adlerian Counseling in a Virtual World: Some Implications of Internet Practice for the Development of Gemeinschaftsgefühl
Authors: Close Richard E.
Published: July 2015

Technology-based distance counseling is rapidly becoming an integral part of how counselors deliver services. While the ethical challenges of defining and regulating this new form of practice are already under rapid consideration, for Adlerians an additional fundamental question arises: Can all the dimensions of Gemeinschaftsgefühl be developed in our clients in the virtual world of the Internet? To engage this critical question this article briefly identifies some of the major ethical challenges of Internet counseling and proposes a third new dimension of Gemeinschaftsgefühl and its significance for Internet counseling in order to raise fundamental questions to frame future discussions among Adlerian clinicians.
The Debate Goes Digital
Authors: Macpherson Leah , Gamble Lawna , Saxner Robert , Ross Jonah
Published: July 2015

In a contemporary response to Katz and Nikelly’s (1983) article “The Impact of Television on Social Interest: An Adlerian Analysis,” four Adlerian students reexamine the article’s themes from a modern perspective, more than three decades later. Exploring quintessential Adlerian themes like embeddedness, inferiority, and belonging, the authors contemplate how television (and now social media) continues to shape both individuals and generations.
New Problems in Today’s Technological Era: An Adlerian Case Example
Authors: Bloom Zachary D. , Taylor Dalena Dillman
Published: July 2015

Adolescents’ Internet use, when done properly, can be viewed as a healthy, appropriate way to facilitate social interest. However, without guidance, the Internet can create a variety of problems for adolescents and their families. The authors of this article contend that extreme stances regarding adolescent Internet use can negatively affect adolescent development. The authors present a case study in which Adlerian therapy was used to facilitate developmentally appropriate Internet use in a family that originally banned adolescents from using the Internet at home.
Generation Z: Technology and Social Interest
Authors: Turner Anthony
Published: July 2015

The article explores Generation Z, its special relationship with technology and social media, and its values, as well as how this generation may form and practice social interest. The author shares recommendations for parents, teachers, and clinicians.
Europe and Azerbaijan: The End of Shame
Authors: Knaus Gerald
Published: July 2015

The autocratic regime of President Ilham Aliyev in Azerbaijan has managed to steal the soul of Europe’s most important human rights institution, the Council of Europe. This article reveals Azerbaijan’s hidden agenda to neutralize the “naming and shaming” strategy of the international human-rights movement, build influence through “caviar diplomacy,” and unleash a wave of repression against human-rights defenders. For the Council of Europe, whose function is to defend the European Convention of Human Rights, to align itself with a regime jailing humanrights activists is unprecedented and deeply disturbing. As the space for human-rights organizations to operate is shrinking in many parts of the world today, the capture of the Council of Europe sends a warning to all supporters of human rights, and not only in Europe.
Comment on Møller: The Importance of Equality
Authors: Fukuyama Francis
Published: July 2015

According to Jørgen Møller, democracy was not a latecomer on the European scene; it emerged in parallel with rule of law in a way that makes European development very different from that of Russia or China, but also from the vast majority of contemporary developing countries. Yet the crucial ingredient that permitted the evolution of medieval estates into the modern institutions of representative democracy was the spread of the idea of human equality in the seventeenth century.
Authoritarianism Goes Global: Countering Democratic Norms
Authors: Cooley Alexander
Published: July 2015

Abstract: Over the past decade, the international backlash against liberal democracy has grown and gathered momentum. Authoritarians have experimented with and refined a number of new tools, practices, and institutions that are meant to shield their regimes from external criticism and to erode the norms that inform and underlie the liberal international political order. These global political changes and systemic shifts have produced new counternorms that privilege state security, civilizational diversity, and traditional values over liberal democracy. The effects of these changes are most visible in the narrower political space that nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are facing, the shifting purposes that regional organizations are embracing, and the rising influence of non-Western powers as international patrons.
Structural Conditions and Democratization
Authors: Pop-Eleches Grigore , Robertson Graeme B.
Published: July 2015

We analyze patterns in three structural factors widely associated with democratization prospects—income, ethnic fragmentation and state quality. We find that while the profile of both fully democratic and closed autocratic regimes has improved since the 1980s, hybrid regimes have deteriorated. Moreover, the impact of structural conditions varies by regime type: multiple structural weaknesses push hybrids and democracies in an authoritarian direction but undermine the consolidation of authoritarian regimes. By contrast, favorable structural conditions facilitate democratization in hybrid regimes but undermine it in autocracies. Overall, these patterns suggest a new wave of successful democratization is unlikely in the medium term.
Authoritarianism Goes Global: Cyberspace Under Siege
Authors: Deibert Ron
Published: July 2015

Abstract: Far from being made obsolete by the Internet, authoritarian regimes are now actively shaping cyberspace to their own strategic advantage. This article argues that cyberspace authoritarianism has evolved over at least three generations of information controls. Moreover, authoritarians have developed an arsenal that extends from technical measures, laws, policies, and regulations, to more covert and offensive techniques, such as targeted malware attacks and campaigns to coopt social media. The article outlines the driving forces behind resurgent authoritarianism in cyberspace and questions what can be done to counter the tightening grip of authoritarians on cyberspace.
Authoritarian Successor Parties
Authors: Loxton James
Published: July 2015

Authoritarian successor parties, or parties that emerge from authoritarian regimes but that operate after a transition to democracy, have become prominent actors in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America since the third wave. What explains their prevalence? What are their effects on democracy? This article argues that such parties often benefit from authoritarian inheritance : they may inherit valuable resources from former dictatorships that, paradoxically, help them to thrive under democracy. Despite their undemocratic origins, the article argues that their effects on democracy are not entirely negative, but double-edged .
Authoritarianism Goes Global: Election Monitoring Vs. Disinformation
Authors: Merloe Patrick
Published: July 2015

Abstract: This article confronts the battle for control of the electoral narrative in autocratic states. Autocrats subvert popular will by denying political rights and covering up their transgressions by negating transparency and sowing confusion with disinformation from state media, governmentsponsored groups, and favorable international voices. Credible citizen election monitors and international observers are organizing around ethical principles and effective methodologies to ensure they accurately characterize elections and counter disinformation with impartial analysis. Advancing democratic norms for open electoral data, exercise of political rights and solidarity for these human rights defenders will help tip the scales in favor of credible elections.