bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impaired cholesterol metabolism in the mouse model of cystic fibrosis. A preliminary study
Authors: Amato Felice , Castaldo Alice , Castaldo Giuseppe , Cernera Gustavo , Corso Gaetano , Ferrari Eleonora , Gelzo Monica , Monzani Romina , Villella Valeria Rachela , Raia Valeria
Published: January 2021

This study aims to investigate cholesterol metabolism in a mouse model with cystic fibrosis (CF) by the comparison of affected homozygous versuswild type(WT) mice. In particular, we evaluated the effects of a diet enriched with cholesterol in both mice groups in comparison with the normal diet. To this purpose, beyond serum and liver cholesterol, we analyzed serum phytosterols as indirect markers of intestinal absorption of cholesterol, liver lathosterol as indirect marker ofde novocholesterol synthesis, liver cholestanol (a catabolite of bile salts synthesis) and the liver mRNA levels ofLDL receptor(LDLR),3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase(HMG-CoAR),acyl CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase 2(ACAT2),cytochrome P450 7A1(CYP7A1) andtumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα). CF mice showed lower intestinal absorption and higher liver synthesis of cholesterol than WT mice. In WT mice, the cholesterol supplementation inhibits the synthesis of liver cholesterol and enhances its catabolism, while in CF mice we did not observe a reduction ofLDLRandHMG-CoARexpression (probably due to an altered feed-back), causing an increase of intracellular cholesterol. In addition, we observed a further increase (5-fold) inTNFαmRNA levels. This preliminary study suggests that in CF mice there is a vicious circle in which the altered synthesis/secretion of bile salts may reduce the digestion/absorption of cholesterol. As a result, the liver increases the biosynthesis of cholesterol that accumulates in the cells, triggering inflammation and further compromising the metabolism of bile salts.
Vállalati döntés egy új információbiztonsági eszköz, a kvantumkulcscsere bevezetéséről (Corporate decision about the installation of a new information security device the quantum key distribution)
Authors: Fülöp Árpád , Virág Péter
Published: January 2021

A szerzők tanulmányukban az információbiztonság egy merőben új, minőségi változást hozó találmányával, a kvantumkulcscserével (QKD-vel – quantum key distribution) foglalkoznak. Céljuk az, hogy az újdonságra mint informatikai biztonsági termékre tekintsenek, és megvizsgálják a bevezetéséről szóló vállalati döntés során felmerülő érveket, ellenérveket. Munkájuk egyaránt műszaki és üzleti szemléletű. Előbb elkülönítik a kvantumkulcscsere hagyományos eljárásokkal szembeni használatának motiváló tényezőit, és megállapítják, milyen körülmények között szükséges a napi működésben alkalmazni. Ezt követően a forgalomban is kapható QKD-termékek tulajdonságait és gyártóit szemügyre véve megfogalmazzák a termék széles körű elterjedésének korlátait. Végül a kvantumkulcscsere-termék bevezetéséről szóló vállalati döntéshozás különböző aspektusait tekintik át. Információbiztonsági és üzleti szempontból összehasonlítják az új, valamint a hagyományosan használt kulcscsereeszközöket. Javaslatot tesznek a védendő információ értékének becslésére, amely a használatbavétel költség-haszon elemzését támaszthatja alá. Ebből levezetve megállapítják, hogy mely szervezetek alkotják a QKD lehetséges célcsoportját. Utolsó lépésként pedig arra keresik a választ, melyik időpont lehet ideális a termék bevezetésére. _____ This study aims to illuminate Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a new invention that has the potential to bring sweeping changes to information security. The authors’ goal is to present QKD as a product in the field of IT security, and to examine several pro and con arguments regarding the installation of this product. Their work demonstrates both the technical and the business perspectives of applying QKD. First they identify motivational factors of using Quantum Key Distribution over traditional methods. Then the authors assess under which circumstances QKD could be necessary to be used in daily business. Furthermore, to evaluate the limitations of its broad spread, they introduce the vendors and explore the properties of their commercially available QKD products. Bearing all this in mind, they come out with numerous factors that can influence corporate decision making regarding the installation of QKD. The authors compare the traditional and the new tools of key distribution from an IT security and business perspective. They also take efforts to estimate the value of the pieces of information to be protected. This could be useful for a subsequent cost–benefit analysis. Their findings try to provide support for determining the target audience of QKD in the IT security market. Finally the authors attempt to find an ideal moment for an organization to invest in Quantum Key Distribution.
A közszolgálati szervezetek értékelési módszereinek osztályozása (Classification of evaluation methods of public sector organizations)
Authors: Takács Erika
Published: January 2021

Az utóbbi évtizedekben egyre gyakrabban merült fel a közszolgálati szervezetek értékelésének igénye, és egyre újabb módszerek jelentek meg, amelyek felvetették ezek rendszerezésének szükségességét mind a gyakorlatban, mind a kutatásokban. A szerző a szakirodalomban fellelhető osztályozási kísérleteknek és az értékelés szakterülete szempontjainak figyelembevételével javaslatot tesz a közszolgálati szervezetek értékelési módszereinek osztályozási keretrendszerére. Az osztályozási szempontok között szerepel az értékelő helyzete, az értékelés szerepe és a megismerés módszere. Az osztályozási keretrendszer tartalmát a szerző példákkal is illusztrálja, amely jelzi a modell gyakorlati alkalmazhatóságát. Ugyanakkor a keretrendszer a kutatások fókuszának és érvényességi körének meghatározásában is segítséget nyújthat. _____ In the last decades the need of the evaluation of public sector organizations has emerged more and more often, and many new methods have shown up that has raised the need of their classification in practice and in research, as well. Based on literature review and the literature of evaluation the author makes a proposal on the classification framework of the evaluation methods of public sector organizations. The dimensions of the classification include the situation of evaluator, the role of evaluation and the approach of knowledge. The author illustrates the content of the framework with examples referring to the applicability of the model in practice. At the same time, the framework is also useful in determining the focus or the scope of research projects.
Speciális kockázatok és kockázatkezelés a kockázatitőke-finanszírozásban (The special risks and risk management of venture capital)
Authors: Becsky-Nagy Patrícia , Fazekas Balázs
Published: January 2021

A tanulmányban a szerzők arra a kérdésre keresik a választ, hogy az aszimmetrikus információk hatására a vállalkozók és a befektetők között kialakuló megbízó-ügynök viszonynak melyek a speciális vetületei a kockázatitőke-finanszírozás vonatkozásában. A szerzők arra a következtetésre jutottak, hogy a hiányos információk, a megbízó-ügynök viszony, illetve az ügyletek speciális jellege miatt fokozottan jelentkező ügynökprobléma kezelésére a kockázatitőke-finanszírozás szereplői speciális kockázatkezelési technikákat alkalmaznak. Ilyenek a magas elvárt hozamok, a szigorú kiválasztási kritériumok, a speciális befektetési vagy szindikátusi szerződések, a befektetést követő monitoring tevékenység, a több lépcsőben történő finanszírozás és a portfólióvállalatok hálózatba szervezése. A speciális kockázati megközelítés következtében a befektetéseket opciós szemlélet is áthatja. _____ This paper focuses on the special aspects of imperfect information in case of venture capital financing including principal-agent relationship between entrepreneurs and investors as well as adverse selection that evolves as a result of information asymmetries. The authors’ finding is that venture capital is able to manage the problems caused by imperfect information via applying divers risk management techniques such as high profit expectations, scrutiny of portfolio-companies, the use of special contracting stipulations and syndicate agreements, the monitoring of investments, multi-staged financing of companies and the integration of portfolio-companies into networks. In addition to the risk management techniques the authors also give the interpretation of the unique attitude of venture capital toward uncertainty and its special real option-like risk valuation approach that makes venture capitalists capable of handling high uncertainty under imperfect information.
COVID-19 Healthcare Worker Screening at Emergency Department, Hospital Wanita & Kanak- Kanak Sabah, Malaysia from May-December 2020
Authors: Abdul Kadir Mohamed Hakimi , Cheah Phee Kheng , Goh Geok Boon
Published: January 2021

Since the beginning of the pandemic we have recorded a total of 3,355 healthcare workers (HCW) screened at Emergency & Trauma Department (ETD) of Sabah Women and Childrens Hospital (HWKSS). This amounted to 8,823 swabs taken for HCWs from a total of 21,367 swabs taken in ETD during the same period. The average swab per HCW was 2.62 swab/person. From the 8,823 swabs taken, 46 HCWs were detected positive for Covid-19.
Caracterização do comportamento da cafeína em meio não saturado a partir do emprego de ensaios de coluna
Authors: Guerrera Antonioni Duarte Lins , Freire Cleuda Custódio , Costa Bruno Cavalcante , Rocha José Vitor Ribeiro
Published: January 2021

Uma forma de verificar a origem de um contaminante às águas subterrâneas é através da presença da cafeína no meio, uma vez que a mesma é um indicador direto de contaminação por efluentes domésticos. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a influência do meio não saturado na percolação deste composto e relacionar sua presença em poços de captação de água subterrânea. Para tal, foi utilizado sedimentos das unidades geológicas aflorantes da Formação Barreiras e dos Depósitos Litorâneos e realizados ensaios de coluna em três diferentes tamanhos (0,5 / 1,0 e 2 metros), onde foi lançada solução de cafeína pré-definida em cada uma delas (para cada tipo de sedimento específico) e coletado em seu final. Os resultados mostram que para a formação Barreiras (caracterizada por possuir intercalações de argila e silte), a cafeína foi retida apenas no primeiro metro de sedimentos, onde percebeu-se que a presença ou ausência de elementos no meio, são fundamentais para influenciar na capacidade de retenção do composto neste tipo de sedimento. Já os Depósitos Litorâneos (sedimentos não consolidados) removeram a cafeína de maneira progressiva, permitindo inferir que para este tipo de formação, a profundidade dos sedimentos é fator predominante na remoção de tal composto. Quando analisado tais resultados com a quantidade de cafeína presente nos poços de águas subterrâneas, constatou-se que, quando não associado a outros tipos de processos, a quantidade de cafeína lançada tanto nos Depósitos litorâneos quanto na Formação Barreiras foi inferior a 350 mg/L e 100 mg/L, respectivamente.
ULAŞTIRMA ALTYAPISI VE İMKÂNLARININ TURİZM İŞLETMELERİNİN PERFORMANSINA OLAN ETKİSİNİN BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: BAYAT Tuğrul , ÖZDEMİR Şuayıp
Published: January 2021

Ulaşım, turizm sektörünün kilit unsurlarından bir tanesidir. Ulaşım ve erişimin iyileştirilmesi, turizmin büyümesinin arkasındaki ana itici güç olmaktadır. Turistlerin bir varış noktasına ve varış noktasında taşınmasına ek olarak, ulaşımın kendisi de turistik bir cazibe merkezi olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ulaştırma altyapısının ve imkânlarının konaklama ve yiyecek hizmetleri alt sektöründeki işletmelerin ciroları üzerindeki etkisi ölçülmektedir. Çalışmada Türkiye’deki İstatistikî Bölge Birimleri Sınıflandırması Düzey 2’de yer alan konaklama ve yiyecek hizmetleri faaliyetleri alt sektöründeki işletmelerin (kısaca turizm işletmesi) 2009-2015 yıllarına ait ciroları kullanılmıştır. Ulaştırma altyapısının ve imkânlarının turizm işletmeleri performansı üzerindeki etkisini ölçmek için dinamik panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda bağımlı değişken olarak turizm işletmelerinin cirosu, bağımsız değişkenler olarak karayolu uzunluğu, demiryolu uzunluğu, limanlara uğrayan kruvaziyer gemi sayısı ve uçak iniş-kalkış sayısı analize dâhil edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre kullanılan bağımsız değişkenlerle birlikte turizm işletmelerinin cirosunun bir önceki dönem gecikmeli değerinin de cari dönem işletme cirosu üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bunun yanında turizm işletmelerinin cirosu üzerinde en büyük etkiye sahip değişkenin limana yanaşan kruvaziyer gemi sayısı olduğu, bunu sırası ile demiryolu uzunluğu, karayolu uzunluğu ve uçak iniş-kalkış sayısının takip ettiği görülmüştür.
Confronting recent history: forced mobilization in Serbia during the war in Croatia 1991–1995
Authors: Mladenov Jovanović Srđan
Published: January 2021

However much interest the Yugoslav conflicts of the nineties seem to have sparked within the broader academic community, some relevant topics are still found to be missing or underresearched. The forced mobilization during the Milošević regime that culled men of almost all age in order for them to fight for their country is one of them. With the recently published Untold stories of the victims of the forced mobilization, some new light has been shed on the cullings of the 1990s. This article explores those stories, including recently emerged transcripts from the governmental sessions discussing them, and puts them through a historical lens.
XIX Balcanicum. Granice na Bałkanach i w Europie Środkowej a praktyka życia codziennego, Poznań, 23–24 października 2020
Authors: Sajkowski Wojciech
Published: January 2021

Sprawozdanie z konferencji XIX „Balcanicum” Granice na Bałkanach i w Europie Środkowej a praktyka życia codziennego, Poznań, 23-24 października 2020.
Smilja Marjanović-Dušanić, Sveto i propadljivo: telo u srpskoj hagiografskoj književnosti, Balkanološki institut Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti, Posebna izdanja 135, Izdavačko preduzeće CLIO, Beograd 2017, ss. 434.
Authors: Wróbel Piotr
Published: January 2021

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Slavic activists and socio-political situation in Bosnia at the turn of the 19th century. The Foundations of the contemporary ethnic divisions
Authors: Paszkiewicz Jędrzej
Published: January 2021

The aim of the article is to show the forms and content of public and political activity of the Slavic elites in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the time of Habsburg rule (1878–1914). The research into the press releases and academic publications allows to show the most prominent circles and individuals who aspired to be the representatives of the people, defined in accordance with ethnic and religious divisions. These groups are characterised via an analysis of the correlation between the socio-political circumstances in Bosnia and the external influences (such as ideologies, personal and organisation relations, the impact of the state authorities). The political stances among the most prominent circles are portrayed in the context of the legal and institutional solutions regarding Bosnia, as well as the ethnic and religious policy of the Habsburg administration.
MIGRATION ALS ERINNERUNGSORT? EIN INTERDISZIPLINÄRES THEMA UND SEINE IMPLIKATIONEN FÜR DAS FACH DEUTSCH ALS FREMDSPRACHE
Authors: Janachowska-Budych Marta
Published: January 2021

The following article discusses the potentials of sites of memory of migration as a topic for teaching German as a foreign language, as they do not seem to have been thoroughly and systematically investigated or reflected upon so far. In the first part of the paper, the theoretical frames for combining the topic of migration with the concept of sites of memory are presented. In the second part, examples of ways of working with specific topics and media on sites of memory of migration in German as a foreign language classes are given and their possible potentials for supporting reflective cultural learning are examined.
TEACHING AND LEARNING FRENCH AS A THIRD OR ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT: SELECTED ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE AWARENESS AND ASSESSMENT
Authors: Włosowicz Teresa Maria
Published: January 2021

The article investigates the teaching of French as a third or additional language (De Angelis, 2007) at the beginning level to international students from different language backgrounds and their learning of that language, as perceived by the students themselves, as well as revealed by tests. Special attention is paid to the areas of difficulty perceived by the students, their perception of the similarities and differences between French and their native languages as well as between French and other languages they already know, especially English, and of the teaching strategies, which included cross-linguistic awareness-raising. Assessment of their progress in French is also considered. The study involves a combination of two methods: long-term classroom observation and assessment of 29 students, and a questionnaire filled out by 20 of those students. As the results show, the participants’ awareness of similarities and differences is fairly high, but their attitudes towards awareness-raising, feedback, etc. vary considerably. The tests are both formative and summative (but also providing feedback). However, the feedback was mutual: apart from giving feedback to the students, the author could also modify her teaching according to their problems and wishes concerning the French classes.
Nadmierne korzystanie z urządzeń mobilnych wśród dzieci
Authors: Nowak Joanna
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the excessive use of mobile devices by children and students. The article draws attention to the earlier children’s contact with devices and public applications. The article presents the possible causes of this phenomenon and the resulting threats. The article has a theoretical and research character.
Trudności nauczycieli szkół ogólnodostępnych w ocenianiu uczniów z lekką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną
Authors: Buchnat Marzena
Published: January 2021

Grading children is of great importance in the educational process. It allows children to learn about their abilities thus shaping their self-esteem and also to define themselves in relation to other people, points to resources and areas for work, builds motivation to undertake further activity, which is why it is particularly important for students with mild intellectual disabilities. However, the grading process is very complex and requires teachers’ knowledge and skills in this area. The aim of the research was to determine what dilemmas in grading students with mild intellectual disabilities teachers of mainstream schools have. The results obtained show that the grading this group of students gives teachers many difficulties and it is therefore necessary to make many changes in this area to make evaluation a factor supporting the effectiveness of education of children with mild intellectual disabilities, and thus a factor that optimizes their development.
IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA DE MONITORAMENTO DAS CONDIÇÕES AMBIENTAIS BASEADO EM ARDUINO
Authors: Abreu Eric Freitas de , Tavares Rodrigo Maia , Costa Renato Silveira da , Vinicius Coutinho de Oliveira Vinicius Coutinho de Oliveira Vinicius Coutinho de Oliveira , Carvalho Helio Ricardo , Landim Regis Pinheiro
Published: January 2021

Este artigo trata da construção, programação e implementação de um Sistema de Monitoramento das Condições Ambientais (SMCA) no Laboratório de Metrologia Elétrica Quântica do Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro). O SMCA tem o objetivo de monitorar temperatura e umidade, permitindo apurar se as mesmas estão dentro dos limites adequados para se realizar a calibração de padrões de referência de tensão contínua baseados em diodos Zener. Adicionalmente, o SMCA também está sendo usado para monitorar a pressão atmosférica, o que será usado em estudos sobre a influência da pressão atmosférica em sistemas de padronização de tensão contínua. O SMCA foi programado nas linguagens C/C++ e VBA, proporcionando interação entre microcontrolador (Arduino) e Excel. Desde julho de 2018, o SMCA vem medindo e registrando suas medições que, em análise prévia, se encontram em níveis aceitáveis em comparação a padrões rastreados ao Sistema Internacional de Unidades (S.I.).
IMPACTOS CAUSADOS PELA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM EDIFÍCIO COMERCIAL EM UMA ÁREA EM DEODORO
Authors: Martins Fabiano Battemarco da Silva , Sousa Lorrany De Oliveira , Gonçalves José Roberto Moreira Ribeiro
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os impactos que a implantação de um edifício comercial causaria no bairro de Deodoro (Rio de Janeiro) e adjacências. Foram abordados fatores como: localização e a possibilidade de mobilidade urbana, empregabilidade para a população local, prestação de serviços próximo aos moradores. Como o edifício será acessível, poderá ser aproveitado a reforma da estação ferroviária de Deodoro em consequência das Olimpíadas de 2016, o que possibilitaria também a locomoção e mobilidade de pessoas com necessidades especiais. A análise realizada neste trabalho se deu com base nas transformações e impactos no espaço urbano do bairro de Deodoro e foi baseada em reflexões teóricas desenvolvidas e estudadas no campo da Arquitetura e Urbanismo. O método da avaliação do artigo será através da leitura de artigos referentes ao assunto, estudo das diretrizes e temas determinados pela legislação vigente. O edifício está sendo pensado na rua Sapopemba, com a testada para o viaduto, e de frente para a estação de trem. Concluiu-se que se trata de alternativa viável tanto do ponto de vista social, ambiental e econômico.
PERÍCIA EM FURTO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA EM INSTALAÇÕES RESIDENCIAIS
Authors: Nóbrega Marcelo de Jesus Rodrigues da
Published: January 2021

A demanda crescente de processos judiciais que envolvem furtos de energia elétrica, em especial em instalações residenciais, gera, na mesma proporção, laudos periciais e pareceres técnicos. O principal objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as principias referências que devem ser utilizadas na elaboração de um laudo pericial para casos de furto de energia em residências, e ainda relacionar os aspectos técnicos da área de engenharia elétrica as ferramentas computacionais disponíveis. Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura que envolve a consulta principalmente a legislação aplicável, Resolução ANEEL 414/2010 e Lei Federal nº 13.105, além de obras clássicas da engenharia e perícia judicial, como CREDER (2008), FIKER (2011), maia (2019) e SERTÃ JUNIOR (2019). Concluiu-se que há grande importância sobre o conhecimento teórico, aliando, porém, a prática metodológica que deve ser obrigatoriamente seguida, sob pena de não homologação ou impugnação do laudo pericial.
UM ESTUDO SOBRE O SISTEMA CONSTRUTIVO SUSTENTÁVEL DE GESSO ACARTONADO: DRYWALL
Authors: Américo Suzana Vieira , Moreira Ribeiro Gonçalves José Roberto , Barbosa Manoella Soares , Bispo Everton Rangel
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo sobre o sistema construtivo sustentável drywall, cujo é uma alternativa para a fase de vedação verticais e acústica de ambientes, veio para implementar com novas tecnologias na construção prática, onde possui raízes no gesso natural e aditivos. O drywall é caracterizado como um sistema de arquitetura que permite ser elaborado de forma limpa, por utilizar pouca água e sem uso de outros materiais, ou seja, é uma construção seca. O Sistema é muito utilizado no exterior, porém vem crescendo a cada dia no Brasil. Além disso, tem boa resistência e podem adaptar portas, janelas, entre outros. Todavia, alguns cuidados adicionais devem ser tomados, como por exemplo: o dimensionamento tem que estar adequado ao pé-direito da edificação, a espessura das placas condicionada a mesma questão e também às cargas a que o sistema que estará submetido (instalação de bancadas de pedra, móveis, etc.). Por meio de pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, este artigo apresenta a origem, as vantagens e desvantagens, o projeto detalhado, o impacto econômico e ambiental do sistema drywall. Também apresenta alguns exemplos de melhores locais a serem aplicados o sistema de drywall, e por fim, mostrar um comparativo entre outra forma de vedação de um espaço, como blocos de alvenaria, mostrando os benefícios e os impactos, além da abordagem dos custos desses sistemas
Ferroptosis Resistance in Cancer: An Emerging Crisis of New Hope
Authors: Xu Daiyun , Lü Yonghui , Li Yongxiao , Li Shengbin , Wang Zhe , Wang Junqing
Published: January 2021

Ferroptosis, a new mode of nonapoptotic cell death, is increasingly recognized as a new hope in overcoming resistance to chemotherapy in cancer. Both canonical and noncanonical pathways can trigger ferroptosis execution via an iron-dependent lethal lipid peroxidation manner. However, growing evidence has shown that some cancer cells can survive ferroptotic stress through metabolic remodeling as regards iron metabolism, anti-oxidative systems, and lipid metabolism. In addition to the well-known roles of the XC−/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 (XC–/GSH/GPX4) axis in blocking ferroptosis, several recently identified pathways, including the Mevalonate-ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (MVA-FSP1) axis, the GTP cyclohydrolase 1-Tetrahydrobiopterin (GCH1-BH4) axis, the peroxisome-ether-phospholipid axis, the acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3-monounsaturated fatty acids (ACSL3-MUFA) axis, and the Liver kinase B1-AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1-AMPK) axis, can negatively regulate susceptibility to ferroptosis. Prominin-2, a newly identified ferroptosis-modulating protein, also drives cancer cells to escape from ferroptosis induction. These findings collectively led to major challenges and opportunities in the development of novel therapies that target the ferroptosis resistance of cancer cells.

Significance

Ferroptosis is a lethal consequence of accumulated lipid peroxidation catalyzed by ferrous iron and oxygen. This unique cell death process appears to involve many diseases, such as neurodegeneration, ischemia/reperfusion injury, kidney disease, and a druggable target in therapy-resistant cancers. There is great expectation of being able to exploit ferroptosis for the treatment of as yet incurable diseases. However, the state of ferroptosis susceptibility is linked to various regulation pathways. This perspective aims to integrate the current understanding of signaling mechanisms for ferroptotic defenses and facilitates movement toward novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
Victimogenic Stress Factors of Socialization in a Variety of Settlement
Authors:   Моscow Pedagogical State University, Mudrik Аnatolii Viktorovich
Published: January 2021

The issue of stress factors and their detailed comparative description in a variety of settlement is first explored in this publication. The relevance of the stated problem is determined by the lack of research in the socio-humanitarian branches of knowledge, in social pedagogy and its important component, socio-pedagogical victimology, which studies the problems of victims of adverse socialization environment. The article describes stress factors in terms of socio-pedagogical perspective. Identified factors are grouped into several clusters: – climatic – a large amount of periods of extreme weather, etc.; – natural calamities and technological disasters; – environmental – nvironmental pollution, etc.; – architectural and planning – dysfunctional zoning, monotonous buildings, etc.; – demographic – catastrophies ( deportations, genocide, etc.); generational crisis (depopulation, gender imbalance, etc.); – socioeconomic – at the macro and micro levels; – sociocultural – depressive or asocial environment, etc.; – socio-psychological – caused by the environment of residence, monotonous buildings, lack of places for leisure activities, settlement community, etc.
Organization of Training of Future Teachers, Aimed at Forming their Culture of Translatuon of Universal Learning Activities
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Dulatova Zainep Asanalievna , Kovyrshina Anna Ivanovna ,   Irkutsk State University, Lapshina Elena Sergeevna ,   Irkutsk State University, Shtykov Nikolay Nikolaevich ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: January 2021

General logical universal learning activities (analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.) are traditionally considered as basic actions that underlie human thinking. It is generally accepted that already in elementary school, general logical cognitive actions are formed at a sufficient level to understand the diversity of their structure, forms of application in various situations. At the same time, it is assumed that their further development should occur automatically when mastering the content of subject training. However, this opinion is not confirmed either by educational practice or by the results of the final state certification. We also note that the elementary nature of general logical actions causes a tendency to describe them superficially in pedagogical studies devoted to the formation of logical ULA, which prevents the solution of this problem. The methodological basis of the research is the application of the basic components of the system-activity and competence-based approaches in the organization of teaching students of the pedagogical specialty. The general aim of the article was to develop a theoretical concept of training future teachers, aimed at forming a culture of translation of general logical ULA Results. The article proposes an approach to the formation of a culture of translation of general logical methods of cognitive activity among future mathematics teachers, based on the concept of funding the corresponding logical actions. In conclusion, the expediency of using this approach in teaching bachelors of pedagogical education in various specialties is noted.
A Resilience and Innovative Personal Potential of Students
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Kapustina Valeriia Anatolievna , Zubareva Nadezhda Sergeevna ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Bykova Eugenia Sergeevna ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Matyushina Marina Aleksandrovna ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University
Published: January 2021

Aim and problem. The article is devoted to the problem of the correlation between the resilience and the innovative personal potential on the example of a student sample. The authors describe resilience as a dynamic system of individual psychological qualities, life meanings and personal relations, which determine the specifics of its response to changing conditions. Methodology. An empirical study was carried out on a sample of students of the Novosibirsk State Technical University (N = 164) using the psychological tests of a resilience by M. Ungar and A. V. Makhnach, test of an innovative personal potential by Yu. A. Vlasenko, V. K. Kalin, test of a self-esteem of an innovative traits by N. M. Lebedeva, A. N. Tatarko. Results of research. Correlation analysis using Spearman’s Rs criterion showed the correlation between the integral indicator of an innovative personal potential with the general level of a resilience, relational resilience (test ARM), self-efficacy, coping and adaptation (A. V. Makhnach’s test), as well as the presence of many correlations between a resilience and innovative qualities. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found that the innovative personal potential of university students depends on the general level of a resilience and coping and adaptation skills, and the self-perception of innovativeness depends on the general level of a resilience. In a conclusion authors confirm the correlation between the resilience and the innovative personal potential of students.
The system of additional education in an urban settlement of the Russian Federation as a factor of human development: institutional conditions and methodological mechanisms
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk regional Institute of advanced training and professional retraining of educational workers, Averkov Mikhail Sergeevich , Glukhov Pavel Pavlovich ,   Federal Institute for educational development of the Russian presidential Academy of national economy and public administration, Popov Aleksander Anatolievich ,   Federal Institute for educational development of the Russian presidential Academy of national economy and public administration
Published: January 2021

Problem and relevance. The urban system of additional education can objectively be a key factor in the formation of human potential among students of a particular city. But to do this, it is necessary to define specific didactic forms and management models that organize educational activities in the logic of increasing human capital. The purpose of the article: to determine the content-didactic and management tools, in which the sphere of additional education in a modern Russian city will become a factor in the development of human capital and potential. Methodology: application of the key provisions of the cultural and historical approach (L. S. Vygotsky, B. D. Elkonin) and the system–based approach (G. P. Shchedrovitsky, P. G. Shchedrovitsky, Yu. V. Gromyko) to the construction of a model of additional city education as a tool for the development of human capital and potential. Research result: – the mechanisms of influence of the general socio-cultural system of the city on the sphere of additional education are determined; – identified those components of the urban socio-cultural environment that are formed by the sphere of additional education; – content-didactic and managerial tools are described, due to which the urban sphere of additional education becomes a tool for the development of human potential. Conclusion: in order for the urban system of additional education to become a factor of human capital and potential development, it is necessary to use students ‘ solution of open educational tasks in an open situation and forms of independent construction of life strategies as content–didactic tools. As management tools, it is necessary to implement systems of multi–position network interaction of participants in the educational process, competitive selection of educational programs, events and platforms for the development of relevant pedagogical competencies among participants in the educational process.
Pathophysiology of NASH in endocrine diseases
Authors: Gariani Karim , Jornayvaz François R
Published: January 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the industrialized world. NAFLD encompasses a whole spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. The latter can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, NASH is the most rapidly increasing indication for liver transplantation in western countries and therefore represents a global health issue. The pathophysiology of NASH is complex and includes multiple parallel hits. NASH is notably characterized by steatosis as well as evidence of hepatocyte injury and inflammation, with or without fibrosis. NASH is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes and conditions associated with insulin resistance. Moreover, NASH may also be found in many other endocrine diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothyroidism, male hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency or glucocorticoid excess, for example. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of NASH associated with different endocrinopathies.
Clinical phenotypes of primary hyperparathyroidism in hospitalized patients who underwent parathyroidectomy
Authors: Yanevskaya Liubov G , Karonova Tatiana , Sleptsov Ilya V , Boriskova Marina Evgenevna , Bakhtiyarova Aluza Ramilevna , Chernikov Roman A , Pogosian Karina Aleksandrovna , Andreeva Alena Timurovna , Lebedev Denis Andreevich , Grineva Elena Nikolaevna , Bilezikian John P
Published: January 2021

Objective

The aim of our study was to investigate the distribution of the PHPT clinical manifestations and biochemical features in patients who underwent parathyroidectomy.

Materials and methods

Medical records of 449 patients from three Medical Centers (Saint-Petersburg, Russia), hospitalized during a period from 2011 to 2018, were reviewed. History and anthropometric data, laboratory results (iPTH, total and iCa, phosphorus, ALP, 24-h urinary calcium, 25(OH)D) and imaging data (ultrasonography, scintigraphy, CT/MRI scan, DXA) were analyzed.

Results

Three hundred ninety-four patients were included in the final analysis. Median age was 60 years with 94.2% being women. Symptomatic disease was evident in 222 (56.4%) patients, asymptomatic in 172 (43.6%). Skeletal involvement was more common for women, while frequency of other manifestations did not differ in both genders. There was no difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in age. Serum iPTH level was higher in symptomatic patients (202.9 and 181.0 pg/mL, P = 0.022). Serum 25(OH)D level was estimated in few patients and negatively correlated with PTH (r = ¯0.294, P = 0.005), iCa (r = ¯0.268, P = 0.010) and total Ca (r = ¯0.284, P = 0.014) levels. Manifestations of CVD were observed in 67.7% of cases and affected equally both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (70.7 and 63.4%, P = 0.076). Both age and BMI were higher in patients with CVD, whether or not they were symptomatic (62 and 53 years, P < 0.0001; 30.4 vs 26.0 kg/m2, P < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions

This experience illustrates that symptomatic phenotype is still the most common form of PHPT.
Obesity and endocrine-disrupting chemicals
Authors: Amato Angelica Amorim , Wheeler Hailey Brit , Blumberg Bruce
Published: January 2021

Obesity is now a worldwide pandemic. The usual explanation given for the prevalence of obesity is that it results from consumption of a calorie dense diet coupled with physical inactivity. However, this model inadequately explains rising obesity in adults and in children over the past few decades, indicating that other factors must be important contributors. An endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) is an exogenous chemical, or mixture that interferes with any aspect of hormone action. EDCs have become pervasive in our environment, allowing humans to be exposed daily through ingestion, inhalation, and direct dermal contact. Exposure to EDCs has been causally linked with obesity in model organisms and associated with obesity occurrence in humans. Obesogens promote adipogenesis and obesity, in vivo, by a variety of mechanisms. The environmental obesogen model holds that exposure to obesogens elicits a predisposition to obesity and that such exposures may be an important yet overlooked factor in the obesity pandemic. Effects produced by EDCs and obesogen exposure may be passed to subsequent, unexposed generations. This “generational toxicology” is not currently factored into risk assessment by regulators but may be another important factor in the obesity pandemic as well as in the worldwide increases in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases that plague populations everywhere. This review addresses the current evidence on how obesogens affect body mass, discusses long-known chemicals that have been more recently identified as obesogens, and how the accumulated knowledge can help identify EDCs hazards.
Clinical data and basal gonadotropins in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls
Authors: Durá-Travé Teodoro , Gallinas-Victoriano Fidel , Malumbres-Chacon María , Ahmed-Mohamed Lotfi , -Guindulain María Jesús Chueca , Berrade-Zubiri Sara
Published: January 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to analyze whether some auxological characteristics or a single basal gonadotropin measurement will be sufficient to distinguish the prepubertal from pubertal status.

Methods

Auxologycal characteristics were recorded and serum LH and FSH were measured by immunochemiluminescence assays before and after GnRH stimulation test in a sample of 241 Caucasian girls with breast budding between 6- and 8-years old. Peak LH levels higher than 5 IU/L were considered a pubertal response. Area under the curve, cut-off points, sensitivity, and specificity for auxologycal variables and basal gonadotropins levels were determined by receiver operating curves.

Results

There were no significant differences in age at onset, weight, height, BMI and height velocity between both groups. Bone age was significantly higher in pubertal girls (P < 0.05), although with limited discriminatory capacity. The sensitivity and specificity for the basal LH levels were 89 and 82%, respectively, for a cut off point of 0.1 IU/L. All girls in the pubertal group had a basal LH higher than 1.0 IU/L (positive predictive value of 100%). There was a wide overlap of basal FSH and LH/FSH ratio between prepubertal and pubertal girls.

Conclusions

Auxologycal characteristics should not be used only in the differential diagnosis between prepubertal from pubertal status in 6- to 8-year-old girls. We found a high specificity of a single basal LH sample and it would be useful for establishing the diagnosis of puberty in this age group, reducing the need for GnRH stimulation testing.
Norepinephrine exposure restrains endometrial decidualization during early pregnancy
Authors: Wang Jiju , Tang Yunhui , Wang Songcun , Cui Liyuan , Li Dajin , Du Meirong
Published: January 2021

Previous studies have focused on the role of norepinephrine on arrhythmias, generalized anxiety disorder, and cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of norepinephrine on endometrial decidualization. Artificial decidualization and norepinephrine-treated mice were established in vivo. In vitro, human endometrial stromal cells were treated with MPA and cAMP to induce decidualization. Decidual markers and important signaling molecules during decidualization were detected using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. RNA sequencing was performed to determine related signaling pathways. Exposure to excess norepinephrine significantly restricted the induced expression of decidualized markers Dtprp, BMP2, WNT4, and Hand2 in mice. In vitro, 10 µM norepinephrine markedly downregulated the expressions of prolactin, IGFBP1, and PLZF, which are the specifical markers of decidual stromal cells during decidualization. The gene set enrichment analysis showed a significant enrichment in neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions of norepinephrine treatment group. The α1b-adrenergic receptor expression was upregulated by norepinephrine. Interestingly, norepinephrine did not inhibit the expression of IGFBP1 in endometrial stromal cells after silencing α1b-adrenergic receptor, while significantly suppressed the induced decidualization with overexpression of α1b-adrenergic receptor. When α1b-adrenergic receptor was activated, endometrial p-PKC was significantly increased under post-treatment with norepinephrine in vivo and in vitro. In addition, norepinephrine treatment inhibited embryo and fetal development using a normal pregnancy model. Therefore, norepinephrine exposure inhibited endometrial decidualization through the activation of the PKC signaling pathway by upregulating α1b-adrenergic receptor. Our study could explain some female reproductive problems due to stress and provide some novel strategies for this disorder.
Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik: Ein Überblick
Authors: Müller Christian
Published: January 2021

Die Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik betrachtet das Verhältnis von Wirtschaft und Moral. Sie umfasst ethische Analysen des wirtschaftlichen Handelns von Subjekten und Unternehmen wie (mikro-) ökonomische Analysen des moralischen Verhaltens von Menschen. Der Beitrag beschreibt das Grundproblem der Moral spieltheoretisch und fragt, wie es nach unterschiedlichen ethischen Ansätzen zu lösen ist. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung von Moral in der Wirtschaftsordnung und der Unternehmensführung aufgezeigt.
Nicht-reaktive Messungen in der Managementforschung
Authors: Brunzel Johannes , Schmidt Johannes , von der Oelsnitz Dietrich
Published: January 2021

Der Beitrag analysiert die Charakteristika sog. nicht-reaktiver Messungen, die sich zunehmend in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften, insbesondere in der Managementforschung, durchsetzen. Diese Methode hat das Potenzial, grundlegende Probleme, wie z. B. ein schwieriger Zugang zu Probanden oder die offensichtliche soziale Erwünschtheit von Antworten, im Zeitalter großer Datenmengen zu mindern. Dabei zeigt der Beitrag eine Auswahl an aktuellen Beispielen aus der akademischen Managementliteratur.
Hybride Geschäftsmodelle von Social Enterprises im Spannungsfeld zwischen Lehre und Praxis
Authors: Freiburg Markus , Gehra Wolfgang
Published: January 2021

Am Markt entwickelte, hybride Geschäftsmodelle von Sozialunternehmen helfen in hohem Maße, die strategische Finanzierungslücke (sog. Tal des Todes) in einer frühen Wachstumsphase durch Ausschöpfen eines breiten Spektrums von Anschlussfinanzierungsmöglichkeiten zu überwinden. Im Vergleich zu den dokumentierten Praxiserfahrungen eines Finanzintermediärs scheinen diese Erkenntnisse bisher in den Lehrmedien für Social Entrepreneurship nur unterrepräsentiert zu sein.
Innerbetriebliche Leistungsverrechnung in der öffentlichen Verwaltung
Authors: Peters Malte L. , Schneider Jörg
Published: January 2021

Hilfskostenstellen erbringen regelmäßig Leistungen füreinander und für Hauptkostenstellen. Kostenstellen, die Leistungen empfangen, werden die Kosten für diese Leistungen belastet. Um die Belastung verursachungsgerecht vornehmen zu können, werden Verrechnungspreise für die Leistungen berechnet. Bei wechselseitiger Leistungsverflechtung empfiehlt sich zur Ermittlung der Verrechnungspreise das Aufstellen und Lösen eines linearen Gleichungssystems. Die Verrechnungspreisermittlung für Leistungen von Kostenstellen im Geschäftsbereich eines fiktiven Ministeriums ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Fallstudie. Die Fallbeschreibung und die Aufgaben zu den hier vorgestellten Lösungen finden sich in Teil 1 in der WiSt-Ausgabe 10/2020.
From Corporate Social Responsibility to Market Demand: The Role of Brand Management
Authors: Mehrafshan Nima , Permann Alexander , Heitmann Mark , Materne Maxine
Published: January 2021

Brand managers increasingly appeal to altruistic consumer motives by emphasizing corporate social responsibility (CSR) in marketing communication. However, little empirical evidence describes how CSR converts into market demand. This study investigates the dimensions of CSR that conspire with dimensions of brand equity to drive brand performance, by combining firm-level data on CSR, customer-based brand equity, market demand, and covariates covering 256 companies over a 15-year period. The findings show that internal CSR concerns relate negatively to brand associations as well as brand performance. Moreover, the demand effect of CSR can be fully explained by brand equity, underscoring the relevance of branding for CSR management. In particular, brand esteem and familiarity mediate the link between ethicality and market outcomes. Specifically, coping with CSR concerns appears to be important. In our data, perceived brand differentiation is unaffected by low responsibility, but ethical concerns undermine customers’ quality expectations and brand identification, suggesting managing CSR crisis has better prospects when the associated brand equity dimensions are addressed.
Physiolytics als Bestandteil des betrieblichen Gesundheits- und Stressmanagements
Authors: Mettler Tobias
Published: January 2021

Der Einsatz tragbarer Computersysteme gepaart mit Anwendungen der künstlichen Intelligenz oder des maschinellen Lernens (engl. Physiolytics) bietet dem betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagement neue Möglichkeiten. Gerade in Zeiten von kontinuierlich ansteigenden arbeitsbedingten psychischen Erkrankungen sind Organisationen gefordert etwas zu tun. Die Einführung von Physiolytics erfordert jedoch eine gewisse Sensibilität und die Überwindung organisatorischer Hürden. Sind diese einmal gemeistert, kann eine systematische Reflexion, Analyse und Thematisierung von arbeitsbezogenen Gesundheitsproblemen erfolgen.