bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Evaporation and Body Thermal Plume on Cough Droplet Dispersion and Exposure Risk for Queuing People
Authors: Li Fengjiao , Jiang Guoyi , Chen Fei , Yuan Weibin
Published: December 2024

The transmission of virus-containing droplets among multiple people in an outdoor environment is seldom evaluated. In this study, an Euler–Lagrange computational fluid dynamics approach was used to investigate the effects of evaporation and the body thermal plume on the dispersion of coughed droplets under various wind conditions, and the infection risk was evaluated for various arrangements of individuals queuing outdoors using virtual manikin models. The evaporation time was longer for larger droplets and in a more humid environment. Transient evaporation strongly affected the motion of droplets ranging in diameter from 60 to 150 μm. The body thermal plume affected airflow and particle dispersion under weak wind conditions, but its effect was negligible at wind speeds greater than 0.8 m/s. Droplets smaller than 100 μm could reach the head of a susceptible person, suggesting a high exposure risk. The exposure fraction and body deposition were highest in an all-male queue sequence and lowest for a male–female–male–female–male queue sequence.
Something Old and Something New—A Pilot Study of Shrinkage and Modern Imaging Devices
Authors: Hearing Josephine V. W. , Horch Raymund E. , Schmid Rafael , Geppert Carol I. , Stumpfe Maximilian C.
Published: December 2024

Shrinkage, a heat-induced process, reorganizes collagen fibers, thereby reducing wound surface area. This technique, commonly applied in surgeries like periareolar mastopexy and skin grafting, is well-established. Despite its widespread use, modern imaging has recently enabled detailed observation of shrinkage’s effects on tissue temperature and oxygenation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of shrinkage on histological level, temperature, and tissue oxygenation. Skin flaps were collected, marked, and subjected to shrinkage in vitro, with wound dimensions recorded before and after shrinkage. Biopsy samples were analyzed histologically. In our clinical set up, Snapshot NIR® and FLIR thermography were used to assess tissue oxygenation and temperature changes before and after shrinkage. Shrinkage significantly reduced wound area by almost 47% ± 8.5%, with a 16.5% ± 6.0% reduction in length and a 36.5% ± 7.7% reduction in width. Tissue temperature rose by an average of 38.3 °C post-shrinkage, reaching approximately 65 °C. A slight decrease in oxygen saturation was observed following shrinkage. Histological analyses reveal collagen fiber denaturation and structural reorganization. Thermal shrinkage is an effective method for reducing wound size and tension, demonstrating potential for facilitating larger full-thickness skin grafts. Although minor decreases in oxygenation were observed, shrinkage may enhance wound healing by reducing tension at wound edges. Further studies are needed to quantify its impact on functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Glucose Among Those with Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Tianyi , Ye Zichen , Lu Qu , Cheng Peixia , Gao Qi
Published: December 2024

Prediabetes, a state between normoglycemia and diabetes, is increasingly affecting population health; thus, it should not be overlooked. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the efficacy of aerobic exercise on blood glucose indicators among those with prediabetes. Five databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL, were searched up to September 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials measuring the effect of aerobic exercise on blood glucose levels among individuals with prediabetes. Data on fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were extracted. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on intervention duration, weekly exercise duration, and volume. In total, 2518 relevant records were initially retrieved, and 16 studies were included in this systematic review, with 14 providing sufficient data for meta-analysis. Compared to the control group, the weighted mean difference (MD) for FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c was −1.33 (95%CI: −1.87, −0.89), −1.00 (95%CI: −1.60, −0.39), and −1.05 (95%CI: −1.49, −0.61), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that pooled effect size for FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c was greater in the subgroup subjected to ≥48 weeks of intervention compared to the subgroup subjected to ≤24 weeks of intervention, although only the difference in FBG was significant (p < 0.05). Weekly exercise longer than 180 min/week led to greater reductions in FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c compared to weekly exercise shorter than 150 min/week, and only differences in 2hPG were not significant (p > 0.05). Total weekly exercise of 1314–1323 MET·min/week led to greater reductions in FBG and HbA1c levels compared to 975–1080 MET·min/week (p > 0.05). Aerobic exercise effectively decreases FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c and controls blood glucose levels. The volume and duration of aerobic exercise are important factors affecting the reduction in blood glucose levels, exhibiting a positive correlation within a specific range. Aerobic exercise can serve as a viable therapeutic approach for reducing the risk of diabetes among individuals with prediabetes.
Donor Lungs’ Procurement Implementation with Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Low-Volume Lung Transplant Center
Authors: Petroncini Matteo , Salvaterra Elena , Valentini Leonardo , Bonucchi Silvia , Daddi Niccolò , Pastore Saverio , Bertoglio Pietro , Solli Piergiorgio , Antonacci Filippo
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) is a technique designed to assess and recondition marginal lungs, potentially expanding the donor pool and improving transplant outcomes (2) Methods: This retrospective study evaluated lung transplantation outcomes after EVLP. Donor lungs were assessed using the Toronto protocol, with data on hemodynamics, gas exchange, and perfusion parameters collected and analyzed. Post-transplant complications and survival rates were also examined. (3) Results: Over five years, 17 EVLP procedures were performed. Despite an improvement in lung function, 47% of donor lungs were rejected after EVLP. EVLP-reconditioned lungs showed comparable survival rates to standard transplants, but complications like sepsis and primary graft dysfunction (PGD) occurred. (4) Conclusions: EVLP shows promise in expanding the donor organ availability and reducing PGD, but nearly half of the lungs assessed were rejected. Further research is necessary to optimize EVLP and address potential complications like lung injury and sepsis.
Wear Behavior Analysis and Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network Prediction of Coefficient of Friction in Al10Cu-B4C Composites
Authors: Kolev Mihail , Drenchev Ludmil , Petkov Veselin , Dimitrova Rositza , Kolev Krasimir , Yanachkov Boris
Published: December 2024

Aluminum-based metal matrix composites reinforced with B4C are advanced materials recognized for their exceptional combination of lightweight properties, high hardness, and superior wear resistance. These characteristics make them perfectly suited for applications demanding exceptional performance in extreme mechanical and tribological environments. This study investigates the wear behavior, microstructural characteristics, and predictive modeling of Al10Cu-B4C composites fabricated via powder metallurgy with varying B4C contents (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt.%). The addition of B4C microparticles to Al10Cu composites significantly influenced their tribological properties with 2.5 wt.% B4C achieving a 21.74% reduction in the coefficient of friction (COF) and 7.5 wt.% B4C providing a remarkable 65.00% improvement in wear resistance. Microstructural analysis using SEM and EDS was conducted on the unreinforced materials and the reinforced composites both before and after the wear tests. To further analyze and predict the tribological performance, a Gated Recurrent Unit neural network was developed to predict COF values. The need for this model arises from its potential to cost-effectively facilitate the prediction of COF, diminishing the need for extensive experimental testing while being noted for its simplicity and ease of implementation in practical applications. The model achieved excellent accuracy with an R2 of 0.9965 for the test set and 0.9917 for the validation set. Additionally, feature importance analysis using Random Forest models identified reinforcement-related features as the dominant predictors for both COF and mass wear. These findings demonstrate the potential of Al10Cu-B4C composites for emerging industrial applications, where enhanced wear resistance and controlled friction are critical for improving efficiency and durability under rigorous operating conditions. Furthermore, this study highlights the efficacy of neural network models in accurately predicting COF, providing a powerful tool for optimizing the performance of advanced composite materials.
Edge Computing-Based Digital Twin Framework Based on ISO 23247 for Enhancing Data Processing Capabilities
Authors: Kang Min-Su , Lee Dong-Hee , Bajestani Mahdi Sadeqi , Kim Duck Bong , Noh Sang Do
Published: December 2024

Digital Twin (DT) technology has evolved to contextualize real-time interactions between the physical and digital worlds. It has gained increasing attention in various research areas and industries, including the manufacturing, aerospace, and automotive industries, while facing challenges in processing and analyzing large datasets. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an edge computing-based DT (E-DT) framework and elaborates on its functional and informational aspects. The functional aspect is represented using ISO 23247 as the reference architecture, while the informational aspect is elaborated by introducing a data fusion model. Then, an E-DT for Wire+Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is developed, its performance is evaluated, and the benefits of edge computing in enhancing real-time processing and decision-making are verified. In addition, a typical non-edge computing-based DT for WAAM is implemented according to ISO 23237 for comparison. The results show that the proposed E-DT for WAAM achieved reduction in latency through faster data processing, smaller data upload volume, and more consistent data upload speed.
Comparison of Off-the-Shelf Methods and a Hotelling Multidimensional Approximation for Data Drift Detection
Authors: Navarro-Cerdán J. Ramón , Ortiz Castelló Vicent , Millán Escrivá David
Published: December 2024

Data drift can significantly impact the outcome of a model. Early detection of data drift is crucial for ensuring user confidence in predictions. It allows the user to check if a particular model needs retraining using updated data to adapt to the evolving process dynamics. This study compares five different statistical tests, namely four unidimensional and a new multidimensional test (MSPC), to identify data drift in both mean and deviation. While some are designed to detect drift in mean only, like our multidimensional proposal, others respond to changes in both mean and deviation. However, our Hotelling multidimensional method can be trained once and then applied in a single stage to any data stream with several attributes, and it can identify the most relevant variables causing a data drift with one execution, thus avoiding the need for a single univariate test for each attribute. Moreover, our method yields the relative importance of each attribute for drift and allows users to increase or decrease the relative weight of each variable regarding drift detection. It also may be capable of detecting drift due to changes in multivariate interactions. This behavior is especially suitable for real-world scenarios, such as industry, finance, or healthcare environments.
ADeFS: A Deep Forest Regression-Based Model to Enhance the Performance Based on LASSO and Elastic Net
Authors: Farhadi Zari , Feizi-Derakhshi Mohammad-Reza , Khalaf Salman Al-Tameemi Israa , Kim Wonjoon
Published: December 2024

In tree-based algorithms like random forest and deep forest, due to the presence of numerous inefficient trees and forests in the model, the computational load increases and the efficiency decreases. To address this issue, in the present paper, a model called Automatic Deep Forest Shrinkage (ADeFS) is proposed based on shrinkage techniques. The purpose of this model is to reduce the number of trees, enhance the efficiency of the gcforest, and reduce computational load. The proposed model comprises four steps. The first step is multi-grained scanning, which carries out a sliding window strategy to scan the input data and extract the relations between features. The second step is cascade forest, which is structured layer-by-layer with a number of forests consisting of random forest (RF) and completely random forest (CRF) within each layer. In the third step, which is the innovation of this paper, shrinkage techniques such as LASSO and elastic net (EN) are employed to decrease the number of trees in the last layer of the previous step, thereby decreasing the computational load, and improving the gcforest performance. Among several shrinkage techniques, elastic net (EN) provides better performance. Finally, in the last step, the simple average ensemble method is employed to combine the remaining trees. The proposed model is evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation and three real datasets. Findings demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed ADeFS-EN model over both gcforest and RF, as well as the combination of RF with shrinkage techniques.
Agent-Based Intelligent Fuzzy Traffic Signal Control System for Multiple Road Intersection Systems
Authors: Chala Tamrat D. , Kóczy László T.
Published: December 2024

Traffic congestion at a single intersection can propagate and thus affect adjacent intersections as well, potentially resulting in prolonged gridlock across an entire urban area. Despite numerous research efforts aimed at developing intelligent traffic signal control systems, urban areas continue to experience traffic congestion. This paper presents a novel agent-based fuzzy traffic control system for multiple road intersections. The proposed system is designed to operate in a decentralized manner, with each intersection having its own agent (fuzzy controller) functioning concurrently. The intelligent fuzzy controller of the system can recognize emergency vehicles, assess the queue length and waiting time of vehicles, measure the distance of vehicles from intersections, and consider the cumulated waiting times of short vehicle queues. Two distinct types of agent-based intelligent fuzzy traffic control systems were implemented for comparison: one involving collaboration between an agent and its immediate neighboring agent(s) (where one intersection exchanges traffic data with its immediate neighboring intersection(s)), and the other implementing a non-collaborative agent-based intelligent fuzzy traffic control system (where the individual intersection has no direct communication). Following the experimental simulations, the results were compared with those of existing intelligent fuzzy traffic control systems that lack any module to calculate the distance of the vehicles from the intersection. The results demonstrated that the proposed agent-based system of controllers exhibited superior performance compared with the existing fuzzy controllers in terms of indicators such as average waiting time, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions. For instance, the proposed system reduced the average waiting time of vehicles at an intersection by 48.65% compared with the existing three-stage intelligent fuzzy traffic control system. In addition, a comparison was conducted between non-collaborating and collaborating agent-based intelligent fuzzy traffic control systems, where collaboration achieved better results than the non-collaborating system. In the simulation experiments, an interesting new feature emerged: despite any direct communication missing at multiple intersections, green waves evolved with time. This emergent feature suggests that fuzzy controllers have the potential to evolve and adapt to traffic complexity issues in urban environments when operating in an autonomous agent-based mode. This study demonstrates that agent-based fuzzy controllers can effectively communicate with one another to share traffic data and improve the overall system performance.
Novel Framework for Artificial Bubble Image Generation and Boundary Detection Using Superformula Regression and Computer Vision Techniques
Authors: Mikushin Pavel , Martynenko Nickolay , Nizovtseva Irina , Makhaeva Ksenia , Nikishina Margarita , Chernushkin Dmitrii , Lezhnin Sergey , Starodumov Ilya
Published: December 2024

Bubble multiphase systems are crucial in industries such as biotechnology, medicine, oil and gas, and water treatment. Optical data analysis provides critical insights into bubble characteristics, such as the shape and size, complementing physical sensor data. Existing detection techniques rely on classical computer vision algorithms and neural network models. While neural networks achieve a higher accuracy, they require extensive annotated datasets, and classical methods often struggle with complex systems due to their lower accuracy. This study proposes a novel framework to address these limitations. Using Superformula parameter regression, we introduce an advanced border detection method for accurately identifying gas inclusions and complex-shaped objects in multiphase environments. The framework also includes a new approach for generating realistic artificial bubble images based on physical flow conditions, leveraging the Superformula to create extensive, labeled datasets without manual annotation. Tested on real bubble flows in mass transfer equipment, the algorithms enable bubble classification by shape and size, enhance detection accuracy, and reduce development time for neural network solutions. This work provides a robust method for object detection and dataset generation in multiphase systems, paving the way for more precise modeling and analysis.
Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review
Authors: Rahman Zishan , Nazim Ahsan , Mroke Palvi , Ali Khansa , Allam MD Parbej , Mahato Aakash , Maheshwari Mahveer , Cruz Camila Sanchez , Baig Imran , Calderon Martinez Ernesto
Published: December 2024

Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a respiratory disorder characterized by cessation of breathing during sleep, resulting in daytime somnolence and various comorbidities. SAHS encompasses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), caused by upper airway obstruction, and central sleep apnea (CSA), resulting from lack of brainstem signaling for respiration. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the gold standard treatment for SAHS, reducing apnea and hypopnea episodes by providing continuous airflow. CPAP enhances sleep quality and improves overall health by reducing the risk of comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and stroke. CPAP nonadherence leads to health deterioration and occurs due to mask discomfort, unsupportive partners, upper respiratory dryness, and claustrophobia. Technological advancements such as auto-titrating positive airway pressure (APAP) systems, smart fit mask interface systems, and telemonitoring devices offer patients greater comfort and enhance adherence. Future research should focus on new technological developments, such as artificial intelligence, which may detect treatment failure and alert providers to intervene accordingly.
Computationally Effective Modeling of Cold Rolling: Application to Al Alloys
Authors: Bátorfi János György , Sidor Jurij J.
Published: December 2024

An accurate and numerically efficient description of the rolling process is a challenging task since the degree of computational accuracy is directly related to the complexity of the algorithm employed. In the most general case, finite element models (FEM) are used for the simulation of deformation processes; however, these techniques require significant computational time. Analytical approaches, which are suited for one or another deformation process, seem to be a proper alternative to FEM. In this study, the well-established flowline modeling approach (FLM) is extended with the aim of better describing the flow of a rolled material in both surface and subsurface regions. A new flowline function is defined, while the velocity along the particular streamline and strain rate gradients are determined analytically, based on the roll gap geometry. The new model is validated by comparing the velocity components to the ones computed by the finite element model. The distortion of meshes predicted by both FEM and FLM follow the same evolutionary pattern.
The Shear Bond Strength of Porcelain Bonding to Cobalt-Chromium Dental Alloys Before and After Thermal Cycling
Authors: Pruszczyńska Ewa , Kula Zofia , Dąbrowska Katarzyna , Klimek Leszek
Published: December 2024

Metal-ceramic crowns and bridges provide a stable and aesthetic tooth reconstruction. Hot pressing of veneering ceramics to metal substructure minimizes the formation of pores. Within the oral cavity, prosthetic structures are exposed to thermal stress. The study examines the influence of temperature changes on the quality and durability of the metal-ceramic bond using thermocyclic loading. Prior to the ceramic pressing, 40 cylindrical alloy specimens (height: 15 mm, diameter: 7 mm) were treated with abrasive blasting using Al2O3 (250 µm) or SiC (250 µm). They were divided into four groups: two control groups (sandblasted with Al2O3 or SiC) and two groups subjected to thermocyclic simulation. The ceramic-to-metal bond strength was measured with a shear test before and after thermocyclic loading. A statistically significant reduction in the bond strength between the metal substructure and the pressed ceramic was found after thermocyclic exposure. The bond strength decreased by 57% for Al2O3 sandblasted specimens and 36% for those sandblasted with SiC, as against the control group. This indicates that thermocycling weakens the bond between the metal alloy and pressed ceramic. The SiC blasting of the cobalt-chromium alloy results in a higher shear bond strength of the material connection after thermocyclic stimulation than the abrasive blasting with Al2O3.
Cathodic Electrodeposition of Cerium-Based Conversion Coatings Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Formulations for Corrosion Protection of AA7075 Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Petica Aurora , Costovici Stefania , Manea Adrian-Cristian , Cojocaru Anca , Moise Calin Constantin , State Sabrina , Anicai Liana , Enachescu Marius
Published: December 2024

The paper presents a new approach towards forming Ce-based nanostructures using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as new green solvents and large-scale media for the chemical and electrochemical synthesis of advanced functional surfaces and nanomaterials. Some experimental results regarding the cathodic electrodeposition of cerium-based conversion coatings onto AA7075 aluminum alloys involving different DES-based formulations are discussed. Electrolytes containing Ce(NO3)3·6H2O dissolved in choline chloride-glycerine and choline chloride-urea (1:2 molar ratio) eutectic mixtures with additions of H2O2 have been proposed and investigated. The influence of the operating parameters, including the applied current density, process duration and temperature on the quality of the formed Ce-containing conversion layers was studied. Adherent and uniform Ce-based conversion layers containing 0.3–5 wt.%. Ce have been obtained onto Al alloy substrates. Higher values of the applied current density and longer process durations led to higher Ce content when a choline chloride-urea eutectic mixture was used. Several accelerated corrosion tests were performed to evaluate the corrosion performance, respectively: (i) continuous immersion in 0.5 M NaCl for 720 h with intermediary visual examinations, recording of (ii) potentiodynamic polarization curves and of (iii) impedance spectra at open circuit potential in 0.5 M NaCl, as well as (iv) salt mist test for 240 h. The influence of an additional post-treatment step consisting in the electrochemical deposition of a hydrophobic Ce-based layer involving ethanolic solutions of stearic acid and cerium nitrate is also considered. Different corrosion performances are discussed, taking into account the used DES-based systems and electrodeposition parameters.
Restoration of Properties of Heat-Resistant Steel After Long-Term Operation in Steam Pipeline Bends of TPP by Heat Treatment
Authors: Krechkovska Halyna , Tsybailo Ivan , Dzioba Ihor , Student Oleksandra , Pała Robert
Published: December 2024

To improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of heat-resistant 12Kh1MF steel after long-term operation in the stretched bend zone of the main steam pipeline of a thermal power plant, restorative heat treatment (RHT) was proposed. The RHT mode consisted of two normalization stages (from temperatures of 1100 and 960 °C, respectively) followed by tempering at a temperature of 740 °C. The RHT mode, regulated for steel in the initial state, was applied only after its normalization from a significantly higher temperature (1100 °C). It was shown that the proportion of fine grains in the steel structure increased to 55% over the entire pipe wall thickness after using RHT. At the same time, the proportion of large grains in the restored steel decreased significantly (to 10%), while in exploited steel, their proportion reached almost 50%. The proposed RHT mode increased the hardness, strength, plasticity, and resistance to brittle fracture of the restored steel relative to the corresponding characteristics of the operated steel. The maximum positive effect of the RHT was obtained during impact testing. The fractographic features of the exploited and restored steel were studied on fractures of samples tested by tension. The main fractographic feature of the operated steel was nanosized particles at the bottom of large dimples. These tiny particles were considered to be fragments of large carbides formed due to their final decohesion from the matrix during tensile testing. However, such nanosized particles were not found on the samples’ fracture surfaces in the steel after restorative heat treatment. In addition, the ductile dimples on the fractures of the restored steel were more prominent, which indicated high energy costs for their formation. Thus, all the obtained research results suggest the possibility of using the proposed RHT mode to extend the service life of long-operated critical elements of a thermal power plant’s steam pipelines.
Fatigue Behaviour of Mechanical Joints: A Review
Authors: Basak Animesh Kumar , Bajwa Dharamvir Singh , Pramanik Alokesh
Published: December 2024

Mechanical joints, regardless of materials, are useful when joining multiple components, though there are certain limits when applying them in engineering applications such as fatigue loading. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive review of the trend of fatigue properties of common non-thermal mechanical connections such as adhesive, bolted, clinched and riveted joints. Towards that, a narrative approach was taken. In modern engineering applications, most of the joints contain both metallic and non-metallic components. The relevant experimental studies have proven many factors that can affect each type of joint and how they can be implemented in real-time appliances. For instance, the fatigue behaviour of adhesive joints is affected by the bond length, thickness and the use of different materials. Increasing the bond length can enhance its fatigue resistance up to a certain length, whilst increasing the thickness of laminate or adhesive decreases the fatigue life unless the surface roughness increases. On the other hand, different laminate materials can affect the fatigue performance depending on their mechanical properties. These findings will allow readers to have an overall concept of the fatigue behaviour of mechanical joints and the influence of various internal and external parameters on that.
Establishment of an Improved Elman Neural Network Model for Predicting the Corrosion Rate of 3C Steel in Marine Environment and Analysis of the Factors Affecting Model Accuracy
Authors: Jin Wenbo , Chen Zhuo , Liu Wanying , Quan Qing , Ren Zongxiao
Published: December 2024

3C steel is a kind of steel commonly used in marine engineering, which will suffer different degrees of corrosion in the marine environment. In the marine environment, there is a complex nonlinear relationship between the corrosion rate and seawater environmental parameters. Based on the experimental data of corrosion rates of 3C steel in different seawater environments, an improved Elman neural network model was established by using the whale optimization algorithm. The corrosion rates of 3C steel in different seawater environments were predicted, and the influences of the number of hidden layer nodes, the population sizes, and the number of iterations on the prediction results of the improved model were analyzed. The results show that the prediction results of the improved Elman neural network model are in good agreement with the experimental results; the average relative error and the root mean square error are 1.0564% and 0.195, respectively. With the increase in the number of hidden layer nodes and the population sizes, the average relative errors of the predicted results decrease first and then increase. With the increase in the number of iterations, the average relative errors of the predicted results decrease first, then increase, and finally decrease. The improved Elman neural network model has the advantage of high prediction accuracy and can be applied to the prediction of the corrosion rate of 3C steel in the marine environment.
Exploring Disparities in Gill Physiological Responses to NaHCO3-Induced Habitat Stress in Triploid and Diploid Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus): A Comprehensive Investigation Through Multi-Omics and Biochemical Analyses
Authors: Han Shicheng , Han Lin , Yuan Fangying , Liu Wenzhi , Wang Jing , Jin Xiaofeng , Sun Yanchun
Published: December 2024

Background: Owing to the progressive rise in saline waters globally, resulting in detrimental impacts on freshwater aquaculture, the underlying molecular distinctions governing the response to alkaline stress between diploid and triploid crucian carp remain unknown. Methods: This investigation explores the effects of 20 and 60 mmol NaHCO3 stress over 30 days on the gills of diploid and triploid crucian carp, employing histological, biochemical, and multi-omic analyses. Results: Findings reveal structural damage to gill lamellas in the examined tissue. Diploid crucian carp exhibit heightened activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), alongside lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels compared to triploid counterparts. Metabolomic investigations suggest alterations in purine metabolism, lipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and aminoglycan and nucleotide sugar metabolism following NaHCO3 exposure. Transcriptomic data indicate differential expression of genes associated with nitrogen metabolism, complement and coagulation cascades, IL-17 signaling pathways, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Conclusions: Overall, NaHCO3-induced stress leads to significant gill tissue damage, accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production causing oxidative stress and disruptions in lipid metabolism in crucian carp. Furthermore, an inflammatory response in gill cells triggers an immune response. Diploid crucian carp exhibit superior antioxidant and immune capacities compared to triploid counterparts, while also displaying reduced inflammatory responses in vivo. Notably, diploid carp efficiently excrete excess BUN through purine metabolism, mitigating protein metabolism and amino acid imbalances caused by BUN accumulation. This enables them to allocate less energy for coping with external environmental stress, redirecting surplus energy toward growth and development. The above results indicate that diploid organisms can better adapt to saline–alkaline environments. Overall, this study provides novel perspectives into species selection of crucian carp of different ploidy in saline–alkaline waters.
Influences of Infrared Dye Content and Laser Energy Density on Laser Propulsion Performance of ADN-Based Liquid Propellants
Authors: Wu Lizhi , Cao Jinle , Zhang Jingyuan , Zeng Jingwei , Pan Yue
Published: December 2024

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is a new green oxidant, which is a kind of high-energy ionic liquid and has been widely used in the field of liquid propulsion. When it is used in laser plasma propulsion, its poor absorption coefficient significantly limits its application. To address the issue, this paper investigates the effects of the content of the infrared dye and the laser energy density on the laser propulsion performance of an ADN-based liquid propellant. The performance of the liquid propellant was tested by the light absorption performance test system and the micro-impulse test system. The results show that the addition of infrared dye can significantly improve the light absorption performance of the liquid matrix. As the content of the infrared (IR) dyes increases from 0.3 wt.% to 0.6 wt.%, the absorption coefficient of the ADN-based liquid propellant increases from 248.84 cm−1 to 463.85 cm−1, and the absorption depth decreases from 40.20 μm to 21.56 μm. At a laser energy density of 21.60 J·cm−1, when the IR dye content increases from 0.3 wt.% to 0.6 wt.%, the specific impulse increases from 26.43 s to 54.43 s and the ablation efficiency increases from 4.32% to 18.21%. Significantly luminous plasma appears in the ablation plume at higher laser energy densities, accompanied by higher-velocity plasma shock waves. Compared to the factor of the infrared dye content, the laser energy density contributes more to the ablation efficiency, especially when the increase in laser energy density promotes the full release of chemical energy from the liquid propellant, which, in turn, also enhances the impulse, impulse coupling coefficient, and the plasma detonation velocity. The results provide an important reference for the design of an energy-containing liquid propellant.
Genetic Background and Phenotypic Aspects of Light-Induced Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Isosphaeraceae Planctomycetes
Authors: Ivanova Anastasia A. , Oshkin Igor Y. , Ashikhmin Aleksandr A. , Danilova Olga V. , Dedysh Svetlana N.
Published: December 2024

Nearly half of the currently described planctomycetes display pink, red, or orange pigmentation. Until recently, however, carotenoid biosynthesis in these bacteria remained largely unexplored. We examined the carotenogenesis and its genetic background in a novel planctomycete of the family Isosphaeraceae, Singulisphaera sp. Ch08. This bacterium changed its color from white to pink when exposed to light during cultivation. Major components of the pigment extract from strain Ch08 were derivatives of the C30 carotenoid 4,4′-diapolycopene. The genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of strain Ch08, a non-pigmented planctomycete Singulisphaera acidiphila MOB10T, and all described Isosphaeraceae members with determined genome sequences were analyzed. The biosynthesis of C30 carotenoids via squalene, as evidenced by the presence of hpnCDE and crtNPQO gene clusters, was encoded in genomes of all pigmented Singulisphaera, Aquisphaera, and Paludisphaera species. Non-pigmented Singulisphaera acidiphila MOB10T and Tautonia sociabilis GM2012T lacked full sets of genes required for carotenoid biosynthesis. Isosphaera pallida IS1BT and pigmented Tautonia species possessed crtB and crtI genes, enabling production of C40 carotenoids, but the key genes associated with C30 carotenoid biosynthesis were absent. Notably, some Isosphaeraceae genomes, including that of Singulisphaera sp. Ch08, harbor the putative carH gene, which is involved in B12-dependent photoregulation of carotenogenesis.
Accelerated Storage Testing of Vacuum-Dried Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR 1338 for Feed
Authors: Muenaram Apichet , Innawong Bhundit , Sultan Imrana Niaz , Khan Muhammad Waseem , Ghilzai Hamza , Tareen Afrasiab Khan , Parakulsuksatid Pramuk
Published: December 2024

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used to produce various food products, adding flavor, texture, and health benefits. The bacteria are commonly grown on expensive nutrients like glucose, sucrose, and yeast extracts, which makes them commercially unappealing. In the current study, Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR 1338 culture was studied using spent cell yeast as a nitrogen source and molasses as a carbon source. The drying process used to create starter cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR 1338 was vacuum drying. After vacuum drying, this bacterium had a survival rate of 8.08 log CFU/g. The dried strain survived for four months at 37 °C. With wasted cells at 0.5%, molasses concentration at 11% at 2.14 109 CFU/mL at 22 h, precise growth rate at 0.39 h−1, and yield cell mass at 1.67 1011 CFU/g sugar, yeast produced the maximum cell mass. The lower viability of the tested strain was induced by a higher temperature during this prolonged storage. Meanwhile, dehydrated starter culture was subjected to accelerated storage testing at 50, 60, and 70 °C. To determine the vacuum-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR 1338′s long-term storage viability, a temperature-dependent prophecy model was created. Molasses and spent cell yeast serve as promising carbon and nitrogen sources when optimized conditions are employed. The study also suggests that vacuum drying is a promising method for producing dried cells suitable for non-refrigerated storage conditions.
Effect of Phosphate Starvation on Gene Expression in Komagataella phaffii Cells
Authors: Ishtuganova Valeria V. , Sidorin Anton V. , Makeeva Anastasiya S. , Padkina Marina V. , Rumyantsev Andrey M.
Published: December 2024

Phosphorus is a key nutrient for all organisms. The study of phosphate metabolism and its regulation is important for understanding the evolutionary processes of regulatory systems in eukaryotic cells. The methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii is an efficient producer organism, and it is actively used in biotechnological production. The high practical importance of K. phaffii has stimulated active research to find new tools to work with this yeast and optimize its cultivation conditions. In this work, we observed the effect of phosphate starvation on gene expression in K. phaffii at the transcriptome level. Phosphate starvation had a significant effect on general cell metabolism. K. phaffii cells demonstrated a response to this macronutrient deficiency through an altered gene expression of carbon and amino acid metabolism. We observed the activation of phosphate and polyphosphate metabolism gene expression. In this case, there was a suppression of ribosome biogenesis genes and genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation and translation processes.
The Impact of Lactobacillus reuteri on Oral and Systemic Health: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Research
Authors: Liu Zihui , Cao Qing , Wang Wenqing , Wang Bowen , Yang Yilun , Xian Cory J. , Li Tiejun , Zhai Yuankun
Published: December 2024

Oral diseases, particularly dental caries and periodontal disease, pose significant global health challenges. The imbalance of the oral microbiota plays a key role in the occurrence of these diseases, prompting researchers to seek new strategies to restore oral ecological balance. Lactobacillus reuteri is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium that exists in various body parts of humans, including the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, skin, and so on. This species has a potentially positive impact on oral health and plays an important role in maintaining systemic health. Recent studies have explored the application of Lactobacillus reuteri in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, and its impact on systemic health has also been preliminarily revealed. The current review summarizes the role of Lactobacillus reuteri in oral health and systemic health and outlines its potential applications in the future. Lactobacillus reuteri has shown promising prospects in treating non-communicable biofilm-dependent oral diseases, but its mechanism of action and efficacy still need further research. In addition, Lactobacillus reuteri has also displayed some potential benefits in promoting overall health. Future research should focus on revealing the specific pathways of action of Lactobacillus reuteri, screening for the most beneficial strains, determining the most effective drug delivery strategies, developing oral and systemic health products based on Lactobacillus reuteri, and ensuring their safety in clinical applications.
Extreme Element Enrichment by the Interaction of Supercritical Fluids from the Mantle with Crustal Rocks
Authors: Thomas Rainer , Rericha Adolf
Published: December 2024

We show that supercritical fluids or melts are verifiable by critical high-temperature and high-pressure minerals like diamond, lonsdaleite, and others in crustal rocks as foreign minerals. In combination with the pseudo-binary solvus curves (temperature versus water content of silicate melts) with the Lorentzian distribution of some ore-forming elements, which are untypical for hydrothermal forming processes, we have solid proof for the interaction of mantle fluids and crustal rocks (granites). In this contribution, we restrict ourselves to a small number of critical observations, in particular on cassiterite polytypes.
Diagenetic Fluids and Multiphase Dolomitizations of Lower Paleozoic Carbonate Reservoirs, Offshore Bohai Bay Basin, Northern China
Authors: Zhou Xuewei , Cao Haiyang , Luo Jian , Chen Anqing , Wang Zeji , Hou Mingcai
Published: December 2024

Dolomitization is a critical diagenetic alteration that impacts the formation of carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs. In the offshore Bohai Bay Basin, the Lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs in buried hill traps, and the basement highs unconformably overlain by younger rock units, are emerging as a prospective target and predominantly occur in dolomite layers. Meanwhile, the formation mechanisms of the dolomite are not clear, which affects the understanding of the occurrence of deep dolomite reservoirs and hinders oil and gas exploration. Based on comprehensive observations of the thin sections of the carbonate samples, the dolomite types were meticulously categorized into micritic dolostone, fine-crystalline dolostone, and saddle dolomite. Then, carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotope and trace elements were examined to elucidate the dolomitization fluids and propose diagenetic models for the three kinds of dolomite formation. The mineralogical and geochemical evidence reveals that there were two kinds of dolomitization fluids, including penecontemporaneous seawater, and hydrothermal fluid. The diagenetic fluid of the micritic dolostone and fine-crystalline dolostone both involved penecontemporaneous seawater, but fine-crystalline dolostone is also affected by later burial dolomitization processes. The saddle dolomite, filling in pre-existing fractures or dissolution pore cavities, is attributed to a hydrothermal fluid associated with magmatic activities. Notably, the extensive layered fine-crystalline dolostone was the predominant reservoir rock. The initial mechanism for its formation involves penecontemporaneous seepage reflux dolomitization, which is superimposed by later burial dolomitization. The burial dolomitization enhanced porosity, subsequently facilitating the formation of a fracture-related dissolution pore cavity system, and partly filled by saddle dolomite during the Cenozoic hydrothermal events. The findings highlight that the layered fine-crystalline dolostone that underwent multiphase dolomitization is the most potential target for hydrocarbon exploration.
Structural and Mechanical Properties of Dickite and Nacrite Minerals: A Computational Study
Authors: Benazzouz Brahim Khalil , Nguyen Minh Phi , Hoang Hai , Phuoc Nguyen Van , Alapati Suresh , Jeong Kwang-Il
Published: December 2024

The structural and mechanical properties of dickite and nacrite are important in numerous scientific and industrial applications, but currently lacking in experimental data. To address this issue, numerical methods have been employed to quantify these properties. First, the interaction potential parameters for dickite and nacrite were determined using a relaxed fitting approach. Then, the properties were calculated with energy minimization. The results revealed that the interaction potential parameters and properties exhibit polytypic-specific dependence. When compared to available experimental and simulation data at zero pressure, such as lattice parameters, elastic constants, bulk modulus, and shear modulus, the calculated results are in good agreement, confirming the reliability of the numerical methods. In addition, properties challenging to determine experimentally, such as transverse and longitudinal wave velocities, dielectric properties, and piezoelectric constants, were also investigated, offering valuable contributions to the understanding of these kaolin polytypes.
The Impact of Carbon on Electronic Structure of N-Doped ZnO Films: Scanning Photoelectron Microscopy Study and DFT Calculations
Authors: Guziewicz Elzbieta , Mishra Sushma , Amati Matteo , Gregoratti Luca , Volnianska Oksana
Published: December 2024

A Scanning Photoelectron Microscopy (SPEM) experiment has been applied to ZnO:N films deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) under O-rich conditions and post-growth annealed in oxygen at 800 °C. State-of-the-Art spatial resolution (130 nm) allows for probing the electronic structure of single column of growth. The samples were cleaved under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions to open atomically clean cross-sectional areas for SPEM experiment. It has been shown that different columns reveal considerably different shape of the valence band (VB) photoemission spectra and that some of them are shifted towards the bandgap. The shift of the VB maximum, which is associated with hybridization with acceptor states, was found to be correlated with carbon content measured as a relative intensity of the C1s and Zn3d core levels. Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) supplemented by +U correction was applied to both Zn3d and O2p orbitals for calculation of the VZn migration properties by the Nudged Elastic Band (NEB) method. The results suggest that interstitial -CHx groups facilitate the formation of acceptor complexes due to additional lattice perturbation.