bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imagens da política, política das imagens: sobre comunicação, retórica e estética
Authors: Dagatti Mariano
Published: November 2018

Este artigo explora uma dimensão fundamental da política e sua interpenetração com os regimes midiáticos: o da estética política, entendida como gramática do espetáculo do poder. Analisam-se os casos das duas forças políticas argentinas mais importantes do século XXI: Kirchnerismo e Cambiemos, a partir de um corpus de imagens disseminadas em sistemas de mídia de massa e baseadas na Internet. Trata-se de descrever a retórica dominante de seus discursos visuais, os modos de organizar sua encenação, os modos de imaginar a política (eminentemente, a relação da esfera política com a cidadania). Entendemos que o estudo da estética política nos permite lançar luz sobre os aspectos inexplorados da hegemonia discursiva.
Uma Análise do Custo-Aluno em Escolas de uma Rede Municipal de Ensino
Authors: Cardoso Jaqueline Aparecida
Published: November 2018

O conhecimento dos custos educacionais pode auxiliar na gestão pública, principalmente na tomada de decisão sobre alocação e planejamento, além de ser uma importante ferramenta que pode facilitar o controle social dos recursos públicos. Dessa forma, este artigo tem o objetivo de estimar o custo-aluno real de escolas municipais de Curitiba e analisar possíveis disparidades entre os valores praticados. O cálculo é uma estimativa do custo-aluno real e refere-se ao montante destinado ao pagamento dos profissionais de educação. Foi realizado utilizando os microdados da folha de pagamento juntamente com os do Censo Escolar 2013. A análise considerou o total de 379 escolas, assim como divisões por etapa de ensino. Os resultados mostraram que há uma grande diferença no valor do custo-aluno entre as escolas e que as etapas e modalidades poderiam influenciar essa diferença. Ao analisar os custos por arranjo de etapas, foi possível observar que, apesar de a variância entre os valores do custo-aluno ter diminuído, a diferença era mantida, indicando a existência de outros elementos influenciadores para além das etapas da educação.
O Financiamento da Educação na Constituição Federal de 1988 e suas Alterações até Abril de 2018
Authors: Davies Nicholas
Published: November 2018

O texto é uma compilação de disposições sobre financiamento educacional na Constituição Federal de 1988 e suas alterações até abril de 2018. Justifica-se porque muitos educadores não consideram as alterações que ela sofreu desde 1988, sobretudo pelas emendas constitucionais que desvincularam recursos da educação de 1994 a 2010, mesmo não alterando o art. 212 da CF, que define que governos devem aplicar um percentual mínimo dos impostos em educação.
Os reflexos no financiamento do sistema estadual de ensino público da Bahia resultantes da nova política de financiamento da educação básica no Brasil
Authors: Costa Jean Mário Araújo , Cunha Maria Couto , Andrade Cláudia Sá Malbouisson
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo discute as mudanças na política de financiamento da educação básica brasileira pós Constituição Federal de 1988 e seus reflexos no financiamento do sistema estadual de ensino da Bahia, no período de 2009 a 2016. Parte-se dos principais marcos dessa política, tendo como foco os percentuais da receita de impostos aplicados em educação; o montante de recursos aportados e recebidos do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação; e a projeção de complementação desse Fundo para a garantia do Custo Aluno Qualidade Inicial (CAQi). A metodologia do estudo contemplou a análise documental e o levantamento bibliográfico. Os resultados revelaram efeitos significativos e peculiares no financiamento desse sistema, contudo, não evidenciam os meios para uma política de financiamento sustentável e efetiva, no sentido de superação das desigualdades regionais e o alcance de uma educação pública de qualidade.
Governos de Goiás deixaram de aplicar R$ 6,5 bilhões no ensino de 2000 a 2017
Authors: Souza Fábio Araujo de
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo apresenta uma pesquisa acerca da aplicação, controle, acompanhamento social e fiscalização dos recursos públicos da educação da rede estadual de Goiás no período de 2000 até 2017. Utilizou-se a Teoria marxiana por meio dos métodos de investigação e de exposição, recorrendo-se ao materialismo histórico-dialético para analisar o financiamento da educação a partir do seu movimento real, que vai além da sua pseudoconcreticidade, esgotando as suas determinações, para, então, revelar sua real concreticidade. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as mais variadas técnicas de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, dentre elas, a análise crítica dos pareceres e dos relatórios das contas dos governos, elaborados pelo Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Goiás, das legislações pertinentes, da literatura acadêmica, dados acerca do financiamento da educação estadual e banco de dados. Concluiu-se, dentre outras coisas, que os governos praticaram diversos desvios, irregularidade e ilegalidades, que tiveram como efeito a perda de R$ 6,5 bilhões de reais do ensino.
La traducción al español de diccionarios médicos alemanes en el siglo XIX
Authors: Quijada Diez Carmen , Gutiérrez Rodilla Bertha M.
Published: November 2018

En el presente trabajo se expone el estudio traductológico preliminar llevado a cabo sobre dos diccionarios médicos alemanes del siglo XIX y traducidos al español al final de la centuria, en un momento en que la traducción científica al castellano se ejercía sobre textos procedentes casi siempre de Francia, lo que los convierte en una fuente de singular valía para el estudio de la recepción de la ciencia en la España decimonónica. Se trata de la obra de Albert Eulenburg Real-Encyclopädie der gesamten Heilkunde: Medizinisch-chirurgisches Handwörterbuch für praktische Ärzte (1880-1883), editado en español bajo el título Diccionario enciclopédico de medicina y cirugía prácticas, «traducido directamente y arreglado para uso de los médicos españoles» por Isidoro de Miguel y Viguri (1885-1891) y del Handbuch der speciellen Pathologie und Therapie de Hugo von Ziemssen (1874-1885), traducido al castellano por Francisco Vallina entre 1887 y 1901 bajo el título Tratado enciclopédico de patología médica y terapéutica. A lo largo del estudio se ha podido comprobar que en la traslación de estos textos al castellano se observan importantes síntesis de contenido, modificaciones para actualizar los conocimientos médicos en el momento inicial de su formulación, ampliación y sustitución del contenido original para adaptarlo al público destinatario e incluso corrección de la información original por errónea o incluso antiespañola. Todo ello se presenta aquí con ejemplos extraídos de las obras analizadas.
Examining cognitive training and executive function in older adults
Authors: Porteous Meggan , Rabipour Sheida , Davidson Patrick
Published: November 2018

Studies have shown that cognitive functions decline with increasing age. As the population of older adults (OA) has grown, interest in cognitive training programs (CTP) has steadily expanded. The present study investigated whether CTP can lead to improvements in the performance of OA on cognitive tasks. Thirty-five adults (OA; 60-87 years) were recruited to complete 25 sessions of a CTP over five weeks, with assessments completed before and after the program. Thirty-two young adults (YA; 17-27 years) were also recruited to complete one assessment for baseline comparison with OA. During assessments, participants were evaluated using tasks of executive function, including the N-back task of working memory and Flanker task of inhibition. The response time (RT) and hit rates of YA and OA on these tasks were examined at baseline, as well as changes in OA pre- and post-training. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated a reduction of pre- and post-training RT for the Flanker task. There was no post-training change in RT on the N-back task. While OA hit rates did not change significantly pre- and post-assessment on the Flanker task, they showed increased hit rates post-training in the N-back task. In both tasks, OA and YA hit rates and RT were significantly different, with YA demonstrating lower RT and hit rate compared to OA. Follow-up studies will determine whether other factors can also lead to improvement. Determining whether CTP can improve cognitive performance in OA can help determine the potential of such approaches to prevent or rehabilitate age-related cognitive decline.
Pattern of burn injury admissions at a teaching hospital of Karnataka, India: a three year retrospective study
Authors: V. R. Krishnamurthy , G. D. Ishwaraprasad , M. Sumana , U. C. Samudyatha
Published: November 2018

Background: The study aims to review current trends in epidemiology, demographics and pattern of burn injury over three year period.Methods: A retrospective study was done using the records of all burn patients admitted from January 2013 to December 2015 at Teaching Hospital, HIMS Hassan. The records were analysed for socio demographic profile, pattern of injuries and outcome.Results: 390 patients were enrolled in the study. Woman patients marginally outnumbered men (52.6% vs. 47.4%). Accidental burns were 92.8%. 84.6% of the patients sustained burns at their home. Flame burn constituted 62.6 % and scald burns 31% of the total burns.Conclusions: Burns is still an issue of concern. Our study highlights the need for a burns data- base to know the reasons and what measures could prevent the occurrence. Number of patients referred is high indicating the need for specialist services at the District level.
Giant jejunal leiomyosarcoma: a rare case
Authors: Srikanth Jakkula , Goud E. Rajesh , Muvva Sri Harsha , Amulya Kanmathareddy
Published: November 2018

Unlike other gastrointestinal neoplasms, small bowel tumours are often rare. Of this, leimyosarcoma of jejnum is extremely uncommon. Most of these patients are asymptomatic however in few cases may present with acute presentation such as intestinal obstruction, bleeding and perforation. A 35 years old female presented to the hospital with complaints of pain and vomiting. On palpation, an irregular 21x18cms lump with variable consistency and irregular borders which was intraabdominal and intraperitoneal. CECT revealed heterogenous, hypoechoic mass extending from epigastric to hypogastric region with probable diagnosis of mesenchymal tumour (probably GIST/LEIOMYOSARCOMA), however exact site of origin couldn’t be traced. Patient underwent exploratory laprotomy, 25x20cms irregular mass arising from jejunum was resected and sent for histopathological examination. HPE and immunohistochemistry revealed grade 3 leiomyosarcoma.
Корпоративная социальная ответственность в контексте социально-экономического развития общества
Authors: Морозов Арсений Аркадьевич
Published: November 2018

Возрастающая в настоящее время популярность социальной ответственности бизнеса во всем цивилизованном мире актуализирует переход России к новым форматам ведения бизнеса, связанным с переосмыслением его социальной роли в развитии общества. В контексте формирования нового баланса сил в социальной политике растет внимание к социальной ответственности работодателей и, следовательно, необходимость ее обоснования и оценки в современных условиях. В России взаимодействие государства и бизнеса, следовательно, и условия для развития корпоративной социальной ответственности (КСО) проходят этап формирования, который пока еще не привел к интеграции КСО и устойчивого развития в сферу публичной политики, как в Европейском Союзе (ЕС). В статье рассматриваются примеры реализации принципов корпоративной социальной ответственности в зарубежных странах и России. Даны рекомендации по повышению социальной ответственности бизнеса для российских реалий.
Пути достижения устойчивого развития регионов Арктической зоны России
Authors: Степусь Ирина Сергеевна
Published: November 2018

В статье проведена системная диагностика проблем кадрового обеспечения экономики регионов Арктической зоны России, являющихся препятствием на пути устойчивого развития этих территорий. Это позволило обосновать ключевые изменения в управлении развитием арктических регионов, в числе которых, помимо общих для всех регионов России, на первый план выходит необходимость сбалансированной информационной политики и своевременного предоставления качественной информации о состоянии и перспективах стратегического развития Арктики, привлекательных возможностях для жизни и профессиональной деятельности человека в Арктике. С использованием лучшего зарубежного опыта предложен методический подход к совершенствованию кадрового обеспечения, включающий создание прозрачной информационной среды экономики Арктической зоны России. Разработанный подход универсален и может быть использован в управлении экономикой других субъектов РФ с учетом точной настройки под региональные особенности социально-экономического развития этих территорий.
Анализ процессов концентрации экономической активности в приграничных регионах Российской Федерации
Authors: Стариков Константин Сергеевич , Пономарева Татьяна Николаевна
Published: November 2018

В статье обоснована актуальность поиска новых подходов к проведению сравнительного анализа центральных и периферийных регионов Российской Федерации. Признается геостратегический характер приграничных регионов, вклад которых в основные социально-экономические показатели страны достаточно высок. В некотором смысле приграничные регионы должны стать «локомотивом» развития национальной экономики в условиях смены приоритетов международного сотрудничества. Авторами адаптирована методика оценки степени концентрации экономической активности к проблемам регионального развития и выполнен сравнительный анализ приграничных и «внутренних» территорий с точки зрения сосредоточения в них ресурсов (численности занятых, основных фондов, инвестиций в основной капитал) и результатов функционирования (ВРП, объема выпуска промышленной продукции, экспорта и импорта). Обосновано, что, региональная дифференциация в большей степени характерна для приграничных территорий, чем для «внутренних».
Статистический обзор и современные проблемы производственного предпринимательства
Authors: Иванова Виктория Олеговна
Published: November 2018

Реализация постиндустриального экономического сценария в России делает необходимым динамичный и прагматичный подход для поощрения производственного предпринимательства в крупном масштабе. В статье систематизирована значимость производственного предпринимательства в экономике страны. Определено влияние объема отгруженных товаров собственного производства и инвестиций в основной капитал путём построения корреляционной матрицы, решения выбранного корреляционного уравнения, оценки и анализа полученных результатов. В заключении обозначена авторская позиция на существующие институциональные ограничения и проблемы, характерные для всего производственного предпринимательства России в целом.
Решение указанных проблем поможет не только в снижении безработицы, но и обеспечит мультипликативный эффект роста новых предприятий в наиболее значимых сферах экономики. Использование новых технологии и улучшение качества продукции на производственных предприятиях являются стратегическими инструментами, способными дать стране ответ на усиление конкуренции, как на внутреннем, так и глобальных рынках.
Indoor Damp Surfaces Harbor Molds with Clinical Significance
Authors: Habibi Azadeh , Safaiefarahani Banafsheh
Published: November 2018

Background and Purposes: Fungal contamination in damp places in buildings has become an increasing problem worldwide. Dampness facilitates the growth of fungi, which can cause adverse effects not only on the buildings but also on their occupants. The aim of this study was to identify indoor mold species in the buildings of Kerman province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 110 samples were obtained from surfaces of damp indoor areas in buildings randomly selected in Kerman province. The identification of fungal species was based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the isolates, such as colony morphology, hyphae, conidia, and conidiophores, as well as molecular sequence data.
Results: Based on the results, a total of 218 fungal isolates were obtained. Apart from frequently isolated fungi, such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium, 13 species, including Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium halotolerans, Engyodontium album, Collariella bostrychodes, Stachybotrys xigazenensis, Ramularia eucalypti, Fusarium merismoides, Fusarium solani, Ochroconis musae, Mucor racemosus, Acremonium zonatum, and Acremonium persicinum were identified, and the selected species were described. Among these 13 species, Cladosporium was the most common species (43%) in indoor surfaces, followed by Ochroconis musae (10.8%) and Engyodontium album (7.4%). To the best of our knowledge, Stachybotrys xigazenensis was reported in the present study for the first time in Iran. In addition, E. album and O. musae were isolated for the first time from indoor surfaces in Iran.
Conclusion: According to the results, the level of overall fungal richness across indoor surfaces was high. Some of the isolated taxa were clinically significant. It was concluded that the damp residential surfaces were potentially passive collectors of clinically significant molds.
Inhibitory Effect of Vitamin C on Aspergillus parasiticus Growth and Aflatoxin Gene Expression
Authors: Akbari Dana Maryam , Rezaie Sasan , Kordbacheh Parivash , Daei Ghazvini Roshanak , Moazeni Maryam , Nazemi Ladan
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objective: Aflatoxin is known as one of the most important mycotoxins that threatens of human life. The toxin is produced by Aspergillus species which are common cause of contamination of agricultural products. For this reason, the use of organic compounds has always been considered in order to inhibit the growth of fungi and production of toxin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C on the growth rate of fungi and the level of aflR gene expression (gene responsible for aflatoxin production).
Material and method: At first, Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC15517 was cultured in SDA medium containing vitamin C with concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.1 mg / ml at 28 ° C for 72 hours. Then, the amount of aflatoxin produced in the presence of vitamin C was measured by HPLC method. Finally, by extracting the DNA of cultured samples, the aflR gene expression level was evaluated by real-time PCR at different concentrations of vitamin C.
Result: The results showed that the deformation of mycelium was started in medium with 50 mg / ml of vitamin C and only fungal spores were observed at higher concentrations. The results of measurement of toxin showed that the level of total aflatoxin and the subset of B 1, B 2, G 1 and G 2 were 5.9, 1.9, 0.2, 3.5 and 0.3 ppm in the presence of vitamin, respectively. While without the presence of vitamin C, these values were 207.5, 73.6, 4.5, 123.4, 6 ppm, respectively. Measuring the expression level of aflR genes, showed that at a concentration of 25 mg / ml of vitamin C, the level of gene expression is down 68%, and at the concentration of 50 mg / ml, the level of gene expression is decreased up to 81%.
Conclusion: This study showed that vitamin C, as a human-compatible compound, could be considered as a good way to keep agricultural products from fungal aflatoxin.
Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by multidrug-resistant Candida albicans in a patient with myelodysplasia syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kermani Firoozeh , Shokohi Tahereh , Abastabar Mahdi , Davoodi Lotfollah , Ziabakhsh Tabari Shervin , Jalalian Rozita , Mehdipour Shirin , Mirzakhani Roghayeh
Published: November 2018

Background and Purpose: Candida endocarditis is an infrequent disease with a high mortality rate, which commonly occurs in immunosuppressed patients with cardiac valve replacement. We reported a 70-year-old woman diagnosed with Candida prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). This study also involved a review of all published cases of Candida PVE from 1970.
Case report: Herein, we reported a 70-year-old woman with the history of severe mitral stenosis and myelodysplasia syndrome. She underwent mitral valve replacement for two times. The blood cultures were positive, and phenotypic identification of the isolates at the species level was performed based on microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. In the second prosthetic valve replacement, huge fungal white and creamy vegetation was observed which was identified as Candida albicans based on the conventional and molecular methods. Despite the administration of antifungal treatments, the patient passed away probably due to the multidrug-resistant Candida PVE.
Conclusion: As PVE is a late consequence of prosthetic valve replacement, extended follow-up visits, early diagnosis, repeating valve replacement surgeries, and timely selective antifungal treatments are warranted.
Glabridin triggers over-expression of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) gene in Candida albicans
Authors: Moazeni Maryam , Taghi Hedayati Mohammad , Nabili Mojtaba
Published: November 2018

Background and Purpose: Candida albicans is a prevalent human fungal pathogen that can cause a wide spectrum of diseases, from superficial mucosal infections to systemic disorders, in patients with impaired immunity. Glabridin is a pyranoisoflavan originally extracted from root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Glabridin can also mediate apoptosis in yeast cells by changing the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-like proteases, and DNA cleavage. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of glabridin in C. albicans.
Materials and Methods: Candida albicans ATCC14053 was applied as the standard strain. Total RNA was extracted from the isolate under glabridin-treated and untreated conditions. To evaluate the alternations in the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) gene expression, real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time -PCR) was performed, and the obtained data were analyzed using REST software.
Results: Expression of the AIF gene was represented as the ratio of expression relative to the reference gene. According to the REST® output, the expression of the AIF gene increased significantly (P<0.05) under the glabridin-treated condition.
Conclusion: Our results suggested that glabridin may induce apoptosis through the caspase-independent route and might be considered as an anti-Candida agent.
Invasive candidiasis and candidemia in pediatric and neonatal patients: A review of current guidelines
Authors: Vasileiou Eleni , Apsemidou Athanasia , Vyzantiadis Timoleon-Achilleas , Tragiannidis Athanasios
Published: November 2018

Several international and national guidelines have been proposed for the treatment and prevention of invasive candidiasis/candidemia (IC/C) in both neonatal and pediatric patients. This article is a review of the current guidelines, recommendations, and expert panel consensus of a number of associations and conferences on the prevention and management of IC and candidemia in both pediatric and neonatal patients. The investigated resources included the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the European Conference on Infection in Leukaemia, the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, the German Speaking Mycological Society/Paul-Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy, as well as the Canadian, Middle Eastern, and Australian guidelines. Echinocandins and liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) are the first-line agents in the treatment of IC and candidemia both for immunocompetent and immunocompromised pediatric patients. The recommendations suggested to keep patients under sterile conditions for at least 14 days after blood cultures as the prompt initiation of antifungal treatment. Guidelines addressing the neonates recommended to use L-AmB, deoxycholate AmB (D-AmB), and fluconazole based on three main principles of no previous exposure to azoles, the prompt initiation of antifungal treatment, and control of predisposing underlying conditions. Despite minor differences among the investigated guidelines, general treatment recommendations suggest the prompt initiation of antifungal treatment and control of all predisposing underlying conditions.
Efficacy of Camellia sinensis extract against Candida species in patients with denture stomatitis
Authors: Ghorbani Anahita , Sadrzadeh Ashena , Habibi Emran , Dadgar Kosar , Akbari Jafar , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Bakhshi Hossein , Ahangarkani Fatemeh , Vaezi Afsane
Published: November 2018

Background and Purpose: Denture stomatitis is a chronic inflammation disease of the oral mucosa, which is specified by erythematous lesions mainly in the upper palate. Nystatin as a polyene, a class of antifungal agents, is one of the effective drugs to treat denture stomatitis. Considering the expansion of utilizing herbal drugs to cure many kinds of diseases, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Camellia sinensis (green tea), which has the most chemical and influence similarity with nystatin, against denture stomatitis.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 22 patients with a positive mycological evidence for denture stomatitis caused by Candida species. The study population was divided into two groups, namely green tea and nystatin, receiving green tea mouthwash 0.5% and nystatin suspension 100,000 U/ml, respectively. The lesion size and number of yeast colonies were measured before and after the treatment.
Results: According to the results, both groups showed reduced lesion size, clinical improvement, and significant reduction of Candida colony count in both group of patients were showedafter the therapeutic. Based on the results of polymerase chain reaction, Candida albicans was the most common species isolated from denture stomatitis. There was no significant difference between the two study groups in terms of Candida species distribution (P=0.700).
Conclusion: Green tea demonstrated a comparable anti-Candida activity with regard to nystatin; therefore, it could be recommended as an alternative treatment.
Evaluation of Ficolin-3 (FCN3) 1637delC (rs28357092) Frameshift Mutation in Iranian Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Pishkhan Dibazar Shaghayegh , Zavaran Hosseini Ahmad , Yari Fatemeh , Fateh Shirin , Reza Deyhim Mohammad
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims: Ficolins are proteins that bind to carbohydrates, act as opsonins and play an important role in innate immunity. Polymorphism in ficolin-3 gene (FCN3) can lead to complement deficiency and increase the risk of some disorders such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of FCN3 + 1637delC as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in this gene in healthy and diabetic subjects of Iran.
Materials and Methods: Blood was taken from 36 diabetics and 37 healthy subjects who had referred to the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Blood sugar was analyzed using a calorimetric method. After DNA extraction using salting out method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out and the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was accomplished using ApaI restriction enzyme. Consequently, the resulted fragments were evaluated using electrophoresis on 2% L-agarose gel.
Results: Evaluation of the results indicated that the heterozygote form of SNP FCN3 + 1637delC was seen in three samples (8.1%) of the studied healthy subjects and in two samples (5.6%) of the diabetic individuals. Besides, the homozygous form of the mutation was not seen in the studied healthy and diabetic subjects.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed that FCN3 variant of SNP FCN3 + 1637delC was not considered as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Iranian subjects.
LB Broth-lyophilized Rabbit Anti-sheep Cell Haemolysin as a Simple Culture Medium for Cultivation of Leishmania Major Promastigotes
Authors: Nasiri Vahid , Jameie Farnoosh , Paykari Habibollah
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims: The protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of the various clinical diseases. Different methods of cultivation of Leishmanian parasites are available. In the present work, the efficacy of the LB broth with rabbit Lyophilized anti-Sheep RBC Haemolysin was evaluated in cultivation of promastigotes of Leishmania major.
Material and Methods: conventional LB broth medium was prepared and autoclaved for 15 min at 121 °C and then lyophilized Rabbit anti-Sheep Cell Haemolysin was added at the 1-10% final concentrations. The efficacy of medium was evaluated by assessing the growth ability and replication pattern of the promastigotes of Leishmania major.
Results: medium with 1-10% lyophilized Rabbit Haemolysin supported the growth of the parasites and can be used for cultivation of Leishmanian parasites with acceptable In vivo infectivity for research purpose.
Conclusions: The ability of the parasites to survive and proliferating in the presence of lyophilized Rabbit Haemolysin indicating that this material a good nutritional source. This study opens a new way to make low- cost medium that could be used in cultivation of Leishmanian parasites.
Distribution and Characterization of Dominant Serovars of Listeria Monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Spontaneous Human Abortion in Tehran
Authors: Rezaei Maryam , Kazemi pour Nadia , Vandyousefi Jalil , Rokhbakhsh zamin Farokh , Irajian Gholamreza
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims: Assessment of the extend role of dominant serotyprs of Listeria monocytogenes in spontaneous abortions, using isolation methods and PCR(Polymerase Change Reaction) analysis for the presence of dominant serotypes such as 1/2a, 4b.
Materials and Methods: A total of 258 samples comprising placental bits, vaginal swabs and blood were collected from out of 123 patients with spontaneous abortion. Listeria monocytogenes was identified and confirmed by culture, biochemical, serological tests, API system, CAMP (Christie, Atkins, Munch and Petersen), hemolysis on sheep blood agar. PI-PLC (Phosphatidyl Inositol specific Phospholipase C) assay, followed by Multiplex PCR to detection of serotypes 1/2a and 4b.
Result: Out of 258 samples, 28 isolates of Listeria monocytogenes were identified   by different methods. All of the isolates were confirmed by PCR. Our search indicated that from 123 patients, 28 of isolated (46.6%)  Listeria monocytogenes strains, 14(50%) belonged to serovar 1/2a, 10(35%) to serovar 4b and 4(14.2%) to other serovars respectively.
Conclusions: Based on our study, serovars 1/2a and 4b play a key role in human spontaneous abortion. Data analysis also showed that these serovars (1/2a, 4b) are dominant serovars as causative agents of the spontaneous abortion in pregnant women.
Characteristics and Prevalence of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) in Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Malihe , Ali Khaza'i Hossein
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims: The prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) among diabetic patients is less recognized and underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of LADA in type 2 diabetic patients and to compare the characteristics of these two groups in Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran.
Materials and Methods: Totally, 198 male and 277 female patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are aged between 35 -70 years were selected and the glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) assessment was used for the diagnosis of LADA in them. GADA in their sera was measured by commercial anti-GAD enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In addition, blood pressure, sera C-peptide and cholesterol levels was measured and compared in the mentioned two groups. Demographic data including age, gender, age at diagnosis, family history of diabetes, Body mass index (BMI) and need for insulin therapy were collected from subjects and data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Of 475 patients, 53 ones (11.2%) were GADA positive. Significant difference was found between GADA positive and GADA negative patients in terms of mean age, C-peptide levels, cholesterol levels and need for insulin therapy to control the disease. As for gender, family history of diabetes, BMI value and hypertension there was no significant correlation between these two groups.
Conclusion: The prevalence of LADA in diabetic patients was 11.2%. Presence of GAD antibodies in diabetic patients is related to reduced levels of C-peptide, increased cholesterol levels and the need for insulin during the follow-up.
The correlation between red cell distribution width, autoimmunity and nail involvement in alopecia areata
Authors: Gürel Gülhan
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
Alopecia areata is a widespread autoimmune
disease that targets hair follicles, and is characterized by nonscarring
patches of hair loss. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a routinely analyzed
parameter during complete blood count, and indicates variations in diameters of
red blood cells. Elevated RDW levels are associated with high level of
inflammation and oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the
correlation between RDW levels, autoimmunity, and nail involvement in alopecia
areata. Methods: Medical records of 170 patients who were admitted to
our dermatology clinic between May 2016 and May 2017 were retrospectively
evaluated. A total of 170 patients with alopecia areata diagnosis were
evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 24.61 ± 12.62 years
(3-59 years). Sixty patients (35.3%) were female, and 110 patients (64.7%) were
male. Twenty-seven patients (15.9%) had nail involvement, and 24 patients
(14.1%) had a history of an autoimmune disease. RDW levels were significantly
higher in patients with nail involvement and history of an autoimmune disease.

Conclusion: RDW can be used as a simple, cheap, and readily available
marker of inflammation in patients with alopecia areata.
Wrongs known as right in thyroid scintigraphy and uptake study
Authors: Gül Serdar Savaş
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
Thyroid scintigraphy using 99mTc-pertechnetate is commonly used to study function and
structure of thyroid gland. Pin-hole
collimator is generally preferred in thyroid scintigraphy and uptake
studies. The purpose
of the present study was to determine
actual radiopharmaceutical uptake value in an
experimental 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy and uptake
model.

Methods: Thyroid hyperactive and hypoactive nodule models were created using 4 mCi (148 MBq) 99mTc-pertechnetate.
In
the experimental model, 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm
diameter pin-hole collimators, and 5 cm, 7 cm and 10 cm object-to-pinhole
distances were investigated.

Results: In thyroid
hyperactive nodule model, despite the same activity value, uptake at 7 cm object-to-pinhole distance was higher compared to 10 cm distance (122%
and 103%, respectively). In the patient with Graves’ disease, despite the same
activity value, uptake at 5 cm object-to-pinhole distance was higher compared
to 10 cm distance (8% and 4%, respectively). In thyroid hypoactive nodule
model, 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm diameters pin-hole collimators were imaged at 5 cm,
10 cm and 15 cm object-to-pinhole distances. The resolution differences between the images were
evaluated.

Conclusion: It
was determined that imaging using 10 cm object-to-pinhole
distanceand 4 mm
diameter pin-hole collimator was best in terms of image resolution and optimum 99mTc-pertechnetate
uptake level.
The results of surgical treatment in patients with liver alveococcosis in a hepato-pancreato-biliary center (a 10-years’ experience)
Authors: Kiselev N. M. , Gorokhov G. G. , Belskiy V. A. , Bobrov N. A. , Mukhanzaev Sh. Kh. , Zagainov V. E.
Published: November 2018

Background: Aggressive course of liver alveococcosis makes it possible to designate it as a “parasitic liver cancer”. The main treatment method for the disease is surgery. The parasitic mass is resected according to R0 principles, with concomitant plastic surgery of the major vessels and bile ducts to increase resectability.

Aim: To assess the potential of surgical treatment in patients with advanced liver alveococcosis using transplantation techniques.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed in- and outpatient medical files of 62 subjects with confirmed liver alveococcosis, who had been treated in the Volga District Medical Centre (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) from 2008 to 2018. Thirty two (32) patients had advanced liver alveococcosis with involvement of afferent and efferent vasculature and biliary tract. Surgical procedures were used in 50/62 patients (or 4.2% of the total number of liver resections performed during this time interval, n = 1197). Complications occurred in 46% (23 / 50) of the cases. Twenty nine (29, or 58%) patients had been operated before (mostly cytoreductive resections and/or explorative laparotomies). Distant lung metastases were found in 2 (4%) patients.

Results: Fifty (50) patients had curative surgical procedures: liver resections in 45, deceased donor orthotopic liver transplantations in 5. Most common were extensive liver resections (more than 4 segments). Resection and reconstruction of the main vessels were necessary in 50% (25 cases) of the patients, including v. cava inferior in 25 cases and the portal vein in 24 cases. In 31 patients, resection and reconstruction of extra-hepatic bile ducts was performed, and in 17 (33%) patients resections of the neighboring organs, such as diaphragm, lung, right adrenal, duodenum, stomach, and colon. In 4 cases, resections were performed ex situ ex vivo, followed by auto-transplantation, including 2 cases with reverse auto-transplantation of the left lateral sector to the right. The incidence of liver failure events grade A  and B (by International Study Group of Liver Surgery, ISGLS) did not exceed 10% (4 patients). Complications were seen in 25 cases, including Clavien – Dindo Grade II in 5, Grade IIIb in 13, Grade IVb in 2, and Grade V in 5. The number of bile leakage events (ISGLS) class B was 6 and class C 10. All patients underwent obligatory adjuvant anti-parasitic therapy.

Conclusion: At present, surgical treatment of liver alveococcosis remains a method of choice, that requires that the hepato-pancreato-biliary center would have in place a well-developed transplantation program, adequate equipment and well-trained surgical and anesthetic teams.
Construct Validity and Reliability of the Questionnaire on the Quality of Physician–Patient Interaction in Adults With Hypertension
Authors: Hickman Ronald L. , Clochesy John M. , Hetland Breanna , Alaamri Marym
Published: November 2018

Background and Purpose: There are limited reliable and valid measures of the patient– provider interaction among adults with hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to describe the construct validity and reliability of the Questionnaire on the Quality of Physician–Patient Interaction (QQPPI), in community-dwelling adults with hypertension. Methods: A convenience sample of 109 participants with hypertension was recruited and administered the QQPPI at baseline and 8 weeks later. Results: The exploratory factor analysis established a 12-item, 2-factor structure for the QQPPI was valid in this sample. The modified QQPPI proved to have sufficient internal consistency and test– retest reliability. Conclusions: The modified QQPPI is a valid and reliable measure of the provider–patient interaction, a construct posited to impact self-management, in adults with hypertension.
La Educación femenina y propuestas coeducativas (siglos XIX/XX): la Iglesia Católica como mediadora educacional
Authors: Soares Almeida Jane , Regina Boschetti Vania
Published: November 2018

La coeducación de los sexos, largamente discutida desde finales del siglo XIX en los países europeos, ha tenido poca repercusión en Brasil. Bajo la oposición de la Iglesia Católica, la defendieron los protestantes misioneros aportados aquí a partir de 1870. Tras consolidarse en los países  católicos, la  religión fue  determinante  para las  rutas educacionales, con sólidas bases en los principios de la Iglesia. Portugal y España fueron fieles representantes de ese escenario, donde se observa la estrecha relación entre educación y catolicismo. En cuanto a la coeducación, revestida en algunos segmentos por los principios libertarios, fue limitada por el conservadorismo en vigor hasta el siglo XX.
Innovation Management in Contemporary Organizations
Authors: GEZER YUSUF
Published: November 2018

Adopting innovation and aligning with the modern day technology has always been a key to success for mankind. Throughout the course of this project it has been a great learning experience for me and I came across interesting findings and evidences that were the last thing I could have expected. This research has opened for me new gates of experiences and knowledge of other in areas like Managing the innovation process, different kinds of innovation and their implications for businesses, how to form strategic management for innovation, how researchers developed business model innovation and how technology has been influential in shaping innovative strategies. Worth mentioning finding of the research were the theories of “perceived compatibility” by Volberda and the technology accepting model, perfectly aligning itself with the human psychology. How customers would behave with a new idea and an innovative concept and to what extent and with what ease would they be willing to go for the innovation and help in making the idea a success. This is of core importance for all entrepreneurs as all they do and their achievement lies at the hands of the end users and as long as they are satisfied the innovative.
Emperyalizm, Propaganda ve Basın İlişkisi: II. Abdülhamid Döneminden Örnekler
Authors: GÜNEŞ Mehmet
Published: November 2018

19.
yüzyılın modern Batı dünyası, kolonyalizm siyasetini farklı bir düzleme
taşımış; ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel etkisini diğer ülkelere yaymış; basın ve
yayın organları aracılığıyla kendi gerçeklerini diğer toplumlara mutlak
doğrular olarak göstermiş ve kolonilerdeki halkları kendi siyasi ve sosyal
argümanlarına uyarlamıştır. Bu emperyalist ve kapitalist yapılanma, aynı
siyaseti Osmanlı Devleti üzerinde de yürütmüş; Osmanlı toplumu içerisinde
taraftar bulma aşamasında yayın organlarını propaganda araçları olarak
kullanmıştır. II. Abdülhamid döneminde bu proje devam etmiştir. Sultan, idari
uygulamalarının yanı sıra şahsıyla ilgili ithamlara maruz kalmıştır. Buna
mukabil o, kendi propaganda araçlarını devreye koymuş, ideal sultan portresini
hayata geçirmek için basın, yayın ve istihbaratı harekete geçirmiştir. Yabancı
ülkelerdeki sefirleri istihbarat şefi gibi kullanmış ve yabancı yayınları
kontrol etmeye çalışmıştır. Bu makalede emperyalist ve kapitalist dünya sistemi
içerisinde yaşamaya çalışan bir devlet ile muhalif hareketlere karşı mücadele
eden sultan hakkında örnekler verilmektedir. Abdülhamid’in sağlık durumunu
haber yaparak devletin istikrarını bozma politikası ve bu politikaya karşı
sultanın mücadele yöntemi üzerinde örnekler ve yorumlar sunulmaktadır.
Las violencias machistas en las trayectorias vitales de mujeres migrantes
Authors: Moriana Mateo Gabriela
Published: November 2018

Esta aproximación presenta parte de los resultados de un trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado en distintos centros de protección de mujeres de la Comunidad Valenciana. Su objetivo es conocer los tipos de violencia que han sufrido las mujeres migrantes institucionalizadas desde su perspectiva y punto de vista. La metodología utilizada es de índole cualitativa. Así, a través de la observación participante, documentos personales, informes sociales y, sobre todo, entrevistas en profundidad e informales, se han elaborado 15 historias de vida, 6 de ellas de mujeres migrantes. Respecto a los resultados, en las trayectorias vitales de las mujeres migrantes institucionalizadas subyace que han sufrido distintos tipos de violencia en su familia de origen cuando eran menores y de género e institucional siendo menores y mayores de edad. Una de las principales conclusiones es que lo que las convierte en vulnerables a las violencias machistas es la pobreza y la exclusión social.
Barataria: el saber de los comunes
Authors: Fernández Ramos José Carlos
Published: November 2018

El famoso episodio de El Quijote que recoge el paso de Sancho Panza por el gobierno de la Ínsula de Barataria nos ofrece la posibilidad y el pretexto idóneo para sumergirnos en dos cuestiones cardinales cuyo esclarecimiento nos permitirá lograr una comprensión de mayor alcance y profundidad del clásico cervantino y de la sociedad estamental en que se contextualiza la narración. La primera, sería la inopinada y sorprendente irrupción del médico Pedro Recio a la vera del gobernador manchego, en consonancia con el nuevo estatus que los profesionales de la medicina habían escalado, hasta situarse en puestos aledaños del poder en España. La segunda, destinada a percibir la estratificación social que nos explica y ubica en el contexto social adecuado para comprender tanto las palabras como las obras del gobernador manchego en su efímera regencia de la ínsula.
conceptualización de la sociedad actual: aportaciones y limitaciones
Authors: Alemán Ramos Pedro Francisco , García García Adolfo
Published: November 2018

Unos de los hechos característicos en las ciencias humanas y sociales a partir de la primera mitad del siglo XX es el esfuerzo por conceptualizar la sociedad actual. Tras la distinción entre sociedad moderna y postmoderna se esconde un proceso de definición de las condiciones contemporáneas. Un momento de ‘crisis’ que se manifiesta en diferentes ámbitos, como ‘el fin de las ideologías’ en el pensamiento político. El presente artículo expone, analiza y compara los epítetos más destacados de la sociedad actual, no de forma exhaustiva, donde se propone una clasificación según se conciba la sociedad por sus causas, sus consecuencias o por la sobredimensión de algunas de sus características. Ante esta visión fragmentada de la sociedad, será preciso afrontar el hecho social de forma más compleja, por lo que se deberá incluir las aportaciones de la teoría crítica, del concepto de sociedad reflexiva.
Migración y síndrome de Ulises: ser nadie en tierra de nadie
Authors: Reig Botella Adela del Milagro , Clemente Díaz Miguel , Sangiao Bastida Inmaculada
Published: November 2018

Nos enfrentamos en la actualidad a la peor crisis de refugiados desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Se trata de un proceso constante, que se incrementará en el futuro y se enmarca en los diferentes movimientos migratorios que desde hace décadas estamos viviendo debido no solo a conflictos bélicos, sino a motivos económicos, políticos y climáticos. Este trabajo trata de analizar los riesgos psicosociales a los que se enfrenta la población migrante en situaciones extremas focalizando el análisis en el síndrome de Ulises: síndrome del inmigrante con estrés crónico y múltiple. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de incorporar este análisis a los programas de acogida e integración social y laboral, puesto que la forma en la que recibimos y protegemos a la población migrante marcará la diferencia entre su inserción o su inadaptación.