bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRADITIONAL METHODS OF PRODUCING NATURAL DYES AND WOOL DYEING AMONG THE INGUSH IN THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES
Authors: Акиева Хава Магомедовна
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются традиционные способы производства природных красителей, раскрываются особенности технологии правильного крашения с применением натуральных ингредиентов. Антропология цвета в культуре ингушей базировалась на двухуровневой основе: с одной стороны, она была связана с естественно-средовыми условиями окружения, с другой - формировалась под влиянием исторической практики и жизнедеятельности народа. Рассматриваются технологические издержки, которые возникают при производстве натуральных красителей в домашних условиях. Отмечается, что к началу ХХ в. на территории Северного Кавказа происходит постепенный переход от применения натуральных красителей к более дешевым и менее трудоемким фабричным аналогам. Автором представлен систематизированный перечень местных красильных растений и деревьев, дается информация о красильных свойствах минералов и технологии их использования в кустарном производстве ингушей в XIX-XX вв. в процессе крашения шерсти. На основе проведенного анализа делается вывод о том, что в современных условиях происходит утрата традиционного опыта производства натуральных красителей и крашения шерсти у ингушей.

The paper discusses traditional methods for the production of natural dyes, the features of the technology of correct dyeing. The anthropology of color in the culture of the Ingush was based on a two-level basis: on the one hand, it was associated with the natural environmental conditions, and on the other hand, it was formed under the influence of historical practice and life. The technological costs that arise in the production of natural dyes at home are considered. The research shows that by the beginning of the twentieth century in the North Caucasus there is a gradual transition from the use of natural dyes to cheaper and less laborious factory analogues. The author presents a systematized list of local dyeing plants and trees, provides information on the dyeing properties of minerals and the technology of their use in the handicraft production of the Ingush in the 19th - 20th centuries in the process of dyeing wool. Based on the analysis, the author concludes that in modern conditions there is a loss of traditional experience in the production of natural dyes and wool dyeing among the Ingush.
DESIGNING THE FUTURE IN EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES OF RUSSIAN YOUTH
Authors: Воденко Константин Викторович , Сусименко Елена Владимировна , Некрасов Евгений Евгеньевич
Published: January 2022

Представленная статья реализует попытку авторов осмыслить на основе деятельностно-активистского подхода конструирование будущего в образовательных стратегиях российской молодежи. На базе концептуального социально-эмпирического анализа авторы статьи приходят к выводу о том, что большинство молодых россиян разделяют позиции адаптивности, актуализма в качестве выбора образовательной стратегии. Это определяется факторами объективного и субъективного характера, где объективизация социальных условий выступает влияющей на субъективный выбор молодежи. Отмечая значимость социальной и территориальной дифференциации, авторы статьи обосновывают положение о конструировании будущего, о формировании образов жизни и набора жизненных целей российской молодежи как возможности ухода от ограниченности прагматического поворота в образовании. В качестве заключительного суждения определяется взаимосвязь между ориентацией на квалифицированную деятельность и конфигурацию ответов на изменения в образовательной системе. Делается вывод о том, что в отечественной социально-гуманитарной науке назрела необходимость осмысления образовательных стратегий российской молодежи как способности российской молодежи конструировать образ будущего с учетом нарастания влияния социальных инноваций.

The presented paper implements the authors' attempt to understand, on the basis of an activist approach, the design of the future in the educational strategies of Russian youth. Based on a conceptual socio-empirical analysis, the authors of the publication conclude that most young Russians share the positions of adaptability, actualism as a choice of educational strategy. This is determined by factors of an objective and subjective nature, where the objectification of social conditions acts as an influence on the subjective choice of youth. Noting the importance of social and territorial differentiation, the authors of the paper substantiate the provision on the design of the future, on the formation of lifestyles and a set of life goals of Russian youth as an opportunity to escape the limited pragmatic turn in education. As a final judgment, the relationship between the orientation to skilled activities and the configuration of responses to changes in the educational system is determined. It is concluded that in domestic social science and humanities there is a need to understand the educational strategies of Russian youth as the ability of Russian youth to design the image of the future, taking into account the growing influence of social innovations.
YOUTH CULTURE IN THE NEW SOCIAL REALITY
Authors: Петрулевич Ирина Анатольевна
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена рассмотрению специфики культуры молодежи в условиях новой социальной реальности, детерминированной последствиями пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции и ускорением темпов изменения социальных процессов. Автором акцентируется внимание на сложностях адаптации социальной системы к новым глобальным вызовам и рискам в условиях неопределенности и на трудностях построения жизненных стратегий молодежью как наиболее незащищенной частью общества. Отмечается выраженная актуальность научного исследования процессов, протекающих в молодежной среде на фоне пандемии, в области переосмысления взаимного влияния культуры и различных социально-демографических групп. Особое внимание уделено анализу отношения молодежи к ценностям и рассмотрению механизмов передачи социального опыта старшего поколения. Автором отмечается роль культуры молодежи в формировании самовыражения и мировоззрения молодого поколения в соответствии с социальными реалиями, отмечаются специфика виртуальных форматов коммуникации и стремление к социальной активности молодежи.

The paper discusses the specifics of youth culture in the new social reality, determined by the consequences of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection and accelerating the pace of change in social processes. The author focuses on the difficulties of adapting the social system to new global challenges and risks in conditions of uncertainty and on the difficulties of building life strategies for young people as the most vulnerable part of society. The publication points to the pronounced relevance of scientific research on the processes taking place in the youth environment against the background of the pandemic in the field of rethinking the mutual influence of culture and various socio-demographic groups. Special attention is paid to the attitude of young people to the values and social experience of the older generation. The author notes the role of youth culture in shaping the self-expression and worldview of the young generation in accordance with social realities, as well as the specifics of virtual communication and the desire for social activity of young people.
SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS: EXPERIENCE IN RESEARCH OF SEMANTIC IDEAS
Authors: Пилипенко Анастасия Эдуардовна , Пантелеев Вадим Геннадьевич
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматривается социальная активность молодежи в контексте смысловых представлений студентов вузов. На основании материалов регионального эмпирического исследования были проанализированы смыслы, которыми наделяется активность и которые имеют высокую значимость в саморегуляции общественно направленной и индивидуализированной активности студентов. Выявлено, что смысл социальной активности в восприятии вузовской молодежи соотносится с приоритетами органов исполнительной власти, занимающихся реализацией молодежной политики; определена зависимость между частотой участия студентов в практиках социальной активности и готовностью воспринимать данную деятельность посредством институционально организованных форм. Определены доминирующие мировоззренческие установки среди вузовской молодежи и описана их связь с мотивацией социальной активности в исследуемой группе. Выявлено противоречие между смысловым представлением о социальной активности и проявляемой деятельностью: образ определяется студентами через доминирование альтруистических ценностей, а в основе реальной активности молодых людей находятся гедонистические и инструментальные ценности.

The article attempts to analyze the social activity of youth in the context of semantic representations of university students. Based on the materials of a regional empirical study, the meanings of activity are analyzed, as well as those meanings that are significant in the self-regulation of socially directed and individualized activity of students. The research shows that the meaning of social activity in the perception of university youth correlates with the priorities of executive authorities involved in the implementation of youth policy; the dependence between the frequency of students' participation in social activity practices and the willingness to perceive this activity through institutionally organized forms is determined. The dominant ideological attitudes among university youth are analyzed and their connection with the motivation of social activity is described. The contradiction between the semantic idea of social activity and the activity manifested is revealed: the students determine this activity basing on the altruistic values, but in practice, hedonistic and instrumental values are at the heart of the activities of young people.
Editorial Foreword
Authors: Miloiu Silviu-Marian , Dragomir Elena
Published: January 2022

Volume 6, issue no. 2 (2014) of Revista Română de Studii Baltice și Nordice / The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies is dedicated to the publication of selected papers of Fifth annual international conference on Baltic and Nordic Studies in Romania: A piece of culture, a culture of peace, re-imaging European communities in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Black Sea regions, which was held in Târgoviște, Romania, between 17-19 August 2014, as part of the project “A piece of culture, a culture of peace” (CoolPeace) and a follow-up to the summer school of Nordic and Baltic Studies. Financed under the measure “inter-institutional cooperation projects” of the EEA grants, the project was designed to strengthen the institutional cooperation at the level of higher education sector between all the partners involved: Valahia University of Târgoviște as the Project Promoter, the University of Agder, the University of Oslo, the Embassy of Lithuania in Romania, Peace Action Training and Research Institute of Romania and the Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies. The Programme Operator of the EEA Scholarship Programme in Romania is ANPCDEFP (the National Agency for Community Programmes in the Field of Education and Vocational Training). The embassies of Finland and Norway in Romania were cultural partners in this endeavour.
The aim of the conference was to investigate various types of potential conventional and non-conventional threats in Europe which could emerge from poverty, exclusion, competition for resources, weak institutions, ideological views, perceptions of the other or lack of knowledge about the other. Our continent also seems under constant (perceived) threats related to terrorism, energy, Russia’s relations with Europe or weapons of mass destructions. Despite many difficulties and constraints, there is justified hope to move from a culture of (perceived) threat to a culture of peace. While politicians stress that one should be prepared to respond to threats and security challenges, and that society should not make the fatal mistake of minimizing the many (potential) dangers that Europe faces today, scientists, artists, historians, linguists etc. argue that peace can and should be preserved through collaboration with the other, through promoting knowledge about the other, through the study of past experiences, through promoting pieces of the other’s culture.
This conference focused on intercultural dialogue and forms of cooperation between state and non-state entities, between intra-cultural entities, between different communities.
Romanian diplomats in the Scandinavian countries (1916-1947)
Authors: Adrian Vițalaru Adrian
Published: January 2022

The main object of the present paper is to introduce the diplomats sent to represent the Romanian state in Stockholm, Copenhagen, Helsinki and Oslo, as heads of diplomatic missions. Did they have professional or human connections with the Nordic states? Were they moved from one legation in the Scandinavian world to another? In other words, were they specialists in Scandinavian matters? Were the Nordic states a professional attraction /a trampoline in the career of Romanian diplomats or were they quiet diplomatic missions, marginal in importance, less attractive to diplomats? In my attempt to provide an answer to these questions I found that most of those who took turns as head of legation in the Scandinavian countries had not previously been trained at the same missions. Only three ministers had two missions as heads of legation in the region and only two of them had, throughout their career, held positions in missions in the Scandinavian states. In addition to this, the fact that for 10 of the 23 ministers plenipotentiary being appointed as head of legation in the Scandinavian world was their first experience of the kind stands to attention. This proves that the diplomatic missions in Northern Europe can be perceived, in general, as a place to test/promote talented or experienced diplomats with a tortuous career path as envoys extraordinary or ministers plenipotentiary, positions which entailed higher responsibility for their occupants. Aside from these remarks, it must be emphasized that two of the legation holders that succeeded each other throughout more than three decades in the Scandinavian capitals, held, for a brief while, the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs.
When the West is far away: Romanian attempts to withdraw from World War II (1943-1944), Finnish views
Authors: Miloiu Silviu-Marian
Published: January 2022

This article approaches the Romanian foreign policy stakes in the aftermath of the Stalingrad Battle as seen from the perspective of a comrade-in-arms country, Finland, which shared with Romania many of the assumptions, fears and anxieties with regard to the outcome of the war. The article is shaped in Stephen M. Walt’s understanding of balancing and bandwagoning, Romania and Finland choosing Germany over the Soviet Union mainly for the reason that the latter was perceived as the biggest security threat and the former as the only possible deterrent and support. The material focuses on the analysis of Eduard Hjalmar Palin’s diplomatic dispatches from Bucharest. On one hand, they were the main source of information for the Finnish decision-makers with regard to the Romanian international situation and its foreign and domestic policies. On other hand, Palin was an experienced diplomat, with excellent connections in the Romanian society and enjoyed access to confidential information in the governmental circles due to a Romanian-Finnish agreement of summer of 1941. We can see, for instances, cases when Ion and Mihai Antonescu confided to the Finnish envoy Führer Adolf Hitler’s statements which could affect the situation in Finland or help its leaders to take decisions. The article shows how divided Romanian governmental and opposition circles were, not only between but also among themselves. By reading these diplomatic reports, we could also acknowledge the widening split between the views of the two most prominent Romanian governmental leaders, Ion and Mihai Antonescu, thus complementing other sources of information already published. We can also learn about some peace plans of Romanian opposition groups, some of whom are little known from other documentary sources.
Post-War Friendship Between Neighbors: An outline of Soviet-Finnish Music Exchanges from 1944 towards the collapse of the Soviet Union
Authors: Herrala Meri Elisabet
Published: January 2022

In this article, I will analyze the role of music in the process of building peaceful relations between the Soviet Union and the Republic of Finland after the Second World War. The role of music as a weapon of “soft power” was an important alternative in Finnish-Soviet relations in order to enhance understanding between them and to avoid further conflict.
I will analyze how the leading Soviet soloists were often first “tested” in Finland before their further outreach to the West from 1944 to the collapse of the Soviet Union. Because of its position as a neutral country between the East and the West Finland was seen as a safe experimental location in which to evaluate the performers’ loyalties to the Soviet regime. However, violinist Victoria Mullova’s 1983 defection to the West via Finland showed that the Soviet power was not so overpowering any more, even towards its own citizens. The Soviet Union was already heading for a collapse due to political and economic realities. Its diminishing cultural influence on the West undermined its power, and accelerated its demise.
Using primary source materials and newspapers mainly from the Finnish National Archives and Sibelius Museum as well as the former Soviet archives in Moscow, I will examine the ways in which Soviet government cooperated with Finnish non-governmental organizations such as the Finland-Soviet Union Friendship Society, the main coordinating body of Finnish-Soviet relations, Finnish concert firms etc.
Diseño térmico de un economizador de tubos aleteados
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Amaury , Acosta Pérez Noemí , Valero Almanza Greisy I. , Ranero González Elizabeth , Pérez Sánchez Eddy J.
Published: January 2022

Un economizador es un intercambiador de calor de tubos aleteados que permite recuperar parte del calor sensible de los productos de la combustión que emite una caldera, transfiriéndolo al agua de alimentación y aumentando así la eficiencia térmica. En el presente trabajo se efectuó el diseño de un economizador de tubos con aletas helicoidales para efectuar el precalentamiento de un agua de alimentación que se encuentra a una temperatura de 25 ºC, utilizando para ello gases de combustión a 240 ºC como agente de transferencia de calor, los cuales se emiten al quemar Fuel-Oil en una caldera pirotubular. El agua se calentará hasta 73,27 ºC, y tanto el coeficiente global de transferencia de calor como el área de la superficie de transferencia de calor tuvieron valores de 19,947 W/m2.K y 95,146 m2, respectivamente. El economizador diseñado tendrá una longitud de los tubos aleteados de 65,482 m, un número total de tubos de 131, un número de filas transversales de los tubos de 16, una profundidad del conducto del gas de 0,765 m, un número real de tubos de 144 y una longitud actual de los tubos aleteados igual a 72.
Diseño de un proceso industrial para el aprovechamiento continuo de viruta de cuero del proceso de curtido como materia prima en la elaboración de un producto reciclado
Authors: Zúñiga Nuñez M. F. , Velando Mosco A. R. , Villegas Alvarez J. , Aguilar Franco J.A.
Published: January 2022

Un proceso productivo fue diseñado para el aprovechamiento continuo de viruta de cuero del proceso de curtido para ser utilizado como materia prima para elaborar un producto reciclado (cuero reconstituido). Su objetivo es reutilizar de forma sostenible el residuo de viruta de cuero del proceso de curtido sin generar nuevos residuos sólidos, ya que los potenciales residuos sólidos generados podrán ser nuevamente utilizados en el proceso productivo diseñado. Este proceso está dividido en tres unidades, la primera de acondicionamiento de la materia prima que proporciona las características a la viruta de cuero para ser procesada; la segunda de mezclado y moldeado que mezcla viruta de cuero, agua, resina y; la tercera de prensado y secado que proporciona las propiedades físicas y mecánica para la plancha desarrollada. Esta propuesta permite obtener un proceso ecoamigable ya que va a permitir el uso de viruta de cuero como materia prima elaborar cuero reconstituido; así mismo identificar y definir los parámetros de operación, así como las composiciones respectivas de viruta, agua y resina para la formación de la plancha. Los resultados preliminares evidencian el uso potencial de la viruta de cuero como materia prima para cuero reconstituido sin generar impactos negativos en el ambiente.
Cambio de uso de suelo y vegetación asociado a la carencia de servicios públicos y políticas públicas en Atoyatempan, Puebla
Authors: Juárez Ruanova Luis I. , Linares Fleites Gladys , Sandoval Solis María L. , Cigarroa Alonso Karla M.
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar los cambios de uso de suelo en el municipio de Atoyatempan ocurridos en el período de 1993 a 2014, por medio de matrices de transición y cadenas de Márkov, estableciendo su permanencia o transición hacia otro uso de suelo, utilizando como base los mapas de uso de suelo y vegetación del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). También se precisan las regiones con presencia o no, de servicios públicos, por medio de las áreas de influencia para determinar la falta de servicios públicos, y su relación con la carencia de políticas públicas a través de un análisis bivariado, tomando como base la encuesta por conveniencia realizada a los pobladores. Los resultados muestran la transición de vegetación natural y la agricultura de temporal hacia el pastizal inducido y la agricultura de riego por las actividades de la ganadería. También se precisan las zonas con la falta de servicios públicos y su relación con carencia de políticas públicas, que permitirá desarrollar soluciones más eficientes para detener el deterioro del ambiente y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pobladores.
Calidad microbiológica y fisicoquímica del agua en cuatro lagos cráter del estado Puebla, México
Authors: Cruz-Aviña Juan Ricardo , Núñez-García Laura G. , Cabrera Rubén , Díaz-Larrea Jhoana , Castañeda-Roldan Elsa I.
Published: January 2022

Se realizó la calidad microbiológica del agua (CMA) de cuatro lagos cráter, Alchichica (ALCHI), Atexcac (ATx), La Preciosa (LPr) y Quechulac (QUE), de manera mensual durante un año. Se utilizaron protocolos para estimar coliformes totales (CT), coliformes fecales (CF), enterococos (ENT), E. coli, (E.coli +Rodococcus) y Clostridium perfringers. Se detectó a E. coli. en QUE, el más contaminado, seguido por ALCHI y LPr. El pH, OD y temperatura no variaron en el estudio. La salinidad fluctuó de 0 a 10.0 mgL-1. Utilizando la asociación con Rodococcus se estableció que ATx, LPr y ALCHI presentaron contaminación derivada del ganado, mientras QUE presentó contaminación fecal de origen humano. E. coli no subsiste en los Axalapascos, por lo que es alóctono al sistema y oportunista por las descargas fecales del ganado circundante debido a malas prácticas agropecuarias. Los niveles de contaminación microbiológica en los lagos cráter, superan la normatividad vigente para uso humano, agropecuario, de turismo.
Classification of difference-iterative algorithms
Authors: Nikolaevna Bulatnikova Inga , Nikolaevna Gershunina Natalja
Published: January 2022

This article presents a general classification of difference-iterative algorithms (DIA) which are increasingly being used in microprocessor control systems for industrial, scientific, and technical objects. The classification is based on taking into account the features of the DIA structures (the method of organizing convergence, the order of generating the next increments of iterated quantities, cascading and interaction of several DIA, etc.). The objective of the presented DIA classification is to give microprocessor algorithmic software developers an orientation when choosing known algorithms and prospects when developing new DIA for a specific purpose.
Nucleation under the impact of pulsed laser radiation
Authors: Maksimovsky Sergey Nikoloaevich , Stavtsev Aleksey Urievich
Published: January 2022

The article shows theoretical calculations of nucleation in nonequilibrium conditions under the impact of high-power laser radiation, and their experimental confirmation. The phase transition during homogeneous nucleation without seed in the gas phase has long been studied by various scientists in the developed countries of the world. Several nucleation theories have been developed, however, they are difficult or impossible to apply to fast-flowing crystallization processes occurring at high pressures and temperatures that take place when using high-power laser radiation in the gas phase. In this article, an extended model of nucleation in the gas phase is developed using traditional thermodynamic concepts, as well as the influence of the process conditions on the equilibrium concentration and the formed particle size within the range from 100 nm to 1 micron is predicted. The article describes experiments on growing structures on plastic substrates containing inside optical inhomogeneities in the form of diffraction gratings. The calculation of the sublimation evaporation pressures of aluminum is conducted depending on different laser radiation power densities. The authors obtained images of nascent structures by electron microscopy and demonstrated the possibility of observing the nucleation phases in situ by changing the power of laser radiation of the sample.
Do we need to decolonise bereavement studies?
Authors: Hamilton Sukhbinder , Golding Berenice , Ribbens McCarthy Jane
Published: January 2022

At this re-launch of the journal Bereavement, we explore the question, ‘Do we need to decolonise bereavement studies?’ We do not offer definitive answers, but rather seek to open up conversations. We briefly explore some of the main debates and explanations of what ‘decolonising’ means. In its broader understandings, this entails questions about the nature of the knowledge that underpins claims to ‘expertise’, since knowledge inevitably reflects the socio-historic position and biography of those who produce it. This raises uncomfortable issues about the ‘universality’ of that knowledge, and how to understand what is shared between human beings, including how to understand experiences of pain and suffering. In addressing the nature of, ‘bereavement studies’, we first consider complexities of language and translation, before observing the heavy domination of the ‘psy’ disciplines in affluent minority worlds, oriented towards individualised, medicalised and interventionist perspectives. We indicate work that seeks to challenge these limitations, including the decolonising of psychiatry itself. We argue the need for such decolonising work to go beyond cross-cultural work originating in affluent minority worlds, beyond interdisciplinarity, and beyond crucial work on equality, diversity and inclusivity. Bereavement, as a field of study and a set of practices, needs to take account of the legacies of complex colonial histories of exploitation and harm that continue to shape the world in general, and in particular, the aftermath of death in the continuing lives of the living. We conclude with some implications for ‘bereavement’ practice, from a UK perspective.
Water consumption of cotton in the semi arid tracts of India
Authors: SENGUPTA S. , DAS H. P. , KALE A. A.
Published: January 2022

In the present study, evapotranspiration and other agrometeorological data for three different locations, viz., Akola. Bellary and Kovilpatti have been utilized to understand consumptive use and related aspects of cotton. Ratios of evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration (ET/PET) and evapotranspiration to total shortwave radiation (ET/Rs) increase gradually as the vegetative cover develops and shows year to year variation at same location. The energy summation indices have been worked out for all the three stations which indicate that the total yields are more dependent on consumptive water use by crop rather than energy summation indices.. The water use efficiency (WUE) of cotton crop also reveals wide variations in time and space.
Atmospheric boundary layer during northeast monsoon over Tamilnadu and neighbourhood - A study using TOVS data
Authors: SURESH R. , SANKARAN P. V. , RENGARAJAN S.
Published: January 2022

Thermodynamic structure of atmospheric boundary layer during October - December covering southwest and northeast monsoon activities over interior Tamilnadu (ITN), coastal Tamilnadu (CTN) and adjoining Bay of Bengal (BOB) has been studied using  TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) data of 1996-98. Heights of neutral stratified mixed layer, cloud layer and planetary boundary layer (PBL) have been estimated through available standard pressure level data. Highest PBL occurs during active northeast monsoon. Cloud layer thickness during weak northeast monsoon over interior Tamilnadu  is significantly higher than that over coastal Tamilnadu and  also over Bay of Bengal. Convective stability (instability)  of the atmosphere in 850-700 hPa layer is associated with weak / withdrawal (active) phase of northeast monsoon. One of  the plausible reasons for  subdued rainfall activity during weak northeast monsoon over interior Tamilnadu could be convective instability  seen over this region in 850-700 hPa layer. But the same is absent in CTN and BOB where no rainfall activity exists during weak monsoon phase. Virtual temperature lapse rate in 850-700 hPa layer exceeding (less than) 6oK/km is associated with active (weak) phase of northeast monsoon over the interior, coastal Tamilnadu and Bay of Bengal.
Comparison of evapotranspiration models
Authors: MALL R. K. , GUPTA B. R. D.
Published: January 2022

Actual evapotranspiration of wheat crop during different year from 1978-79 to 1992-93 was measured daily in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh using lysimeter. In this study three evapotranspiration computing models namely Doorenbos and Pruitt, Thornthwaite and Soil Plant Atmosphere Water (SPAW) have been used. Comparisons of these three methods show that the SPAW model is better than the other two methods for evapotraspiration estimation. In the present study the MBE (Mean-Bias-Error), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and t-statistic have also been obtained for better evaluations of a model performance.
A study of agrometeorological parameters for the Kharif maize at Anand (Gujarat)
Authors: THORAT P. G.
Published: January 2022

A study was conducted on the behaviour of evaporation, evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration in different phenological phases, during the years 1989, 1990 and 1991 for Kharif Maize crop at Anand (Gujarat).  It has been noticed that evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration attained maximum values in grain phase.  In harvesting phase relative evapotranspiration and crop coefficient had lowest values.  The seasonal crop coefficient was obtained 0.84. An attempt has been made in this paper to develop the regression models to estimate potential evapotranspiration and relative evapotranspiration.
Impact of ERS-2 Scatterometer wind data on Global Analysis-Forecast system
Authors: GUPTA M.  DAS , RIZVI S. R. H. , MITRA A. K.
Published: January 2022

The near surface scatterometer wind data from the European remote sensing satellite ERS-2 of European space agency(ESA) became available at NCMRWF on real time basis since February 1997. An attempt has been made to assimilate this data in the global data assimilation system(GDAS) operational at NCMRWF after proper quality control to study its impact on the analysis as well as on medium range weather forecast over the tropics. For this purpose the GDAS was run for 15 days (27 May to 10 June 1998). The impact has been examined through circulation characteristics and various objective scores. The study revealed that with proper quality control the scatterometer wind data can be assimilated in real time basis, resulting in an overall improvement in performance of the analysis-forecast system.
Short range SW monsoon rainfall forecasting over India using neural networks
Authors: JAIN PANKAJ , KUMAR ASHOK , MAINI PARVINDER , SINGH S. V.
Published: January 2022

Feedforward Neural Networks are used for daily precipitation forecast using several test stations all over India. The six year European Centre of Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) data is used with the training set consisting of the four year data from 1985-1988 and validation set consisting of the data from 1989-1990. Neural networks are used to develop a concurrent relationship between precipitation and other atmospheric variables. No attempt is made to select optimal variables for this study and the inputs are chosen to be same as the ones obtained earlier at National Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) in developing a linear regression model. Neural networks are found to yield results which are atleast as good as linear regression and in several cases yield 10 - 20 % improvement. This is encouraging since the variable selection has so far been optimized for linear regression.
Comparative studies on energy balance components and their inter relations on soybean crop and bare soil in kharif season at Pune situated in semi-arid tract
Authors: SAMUI R. P. , MONDAL S. S. , DHOTRE A. K.
Published: January 2022

Comparative studies of radiation balance components at different growth stages on soybean crop and bare soil were made at Central Agrometeorological  Observatory  (CAgMO), Pune.  Continuous measurements of net, reflected and global solar radiations were made over cropped field as well as over bare soil all throughout the growth phases in kharif season of 1995.  Net and reflected radiations and albedo over canopy were higher by 7, 26 and 25 per cent respectively than bare soil.  The net short wave (absorbed) radiation and net long wave (out-going) radiation evaluated over the canopy  were less than those over bare soil by 5 and 20 per cent respectively.

               

The mean daily net, reflected, net short wave and net long wave (out-going)  radiation were 9.86, 3.86, 15.35 and 5.49 MJm-2 respectively and the albedo was 20 per cent over soybean canopy whereas for bare soil they were 9.23, 3.07, 16.15 and 6.91 MJm-2  and 16 per cent respectively.  The mean daily global  solar radiation during the crop growing  season was 19.20 MJm-2. The highest albedo (26 per cent) of the crop recorded in the 10th  week after sowing  (WAS) was in correspondence to maximum LAI (5.9) observed at pod formation stage.
Water management in wheat using non-traditional techniques
Authors: ATTRI S. D. , KAUSHIK ANUBHA , RATHORE L. S. , LAL B.
Published: January 2022

Water is one of the most limiting resources for agricultural production. Due to uneven distribution of rainfall, supplemental irrigation is often required to produce sustainable yield level. Timing and frequency of irrigation is one of the most important tactical decisions, which a farmer has to make to maximize profit from limited water availability. Computer based dynamic simulation models have the capability to assess management options under different environments to help in decision making. In this study, CRESS-Wheat Model  V-3.5 has been utilized to quantify the optimum utilization of limited water for popular wheat genotypes of NW India for operational use in Agrometeorological Advisory services with routinely measured weather parameters.
Quasi-biennial and quasi-triennial oscillations in the growth rates of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12
Authors: KANE R. P.
Published: January 2022

The 12-monthly running means of CFC-11 and CFC-12 were examined for 1977-1992. As observed by earlier workers, during 1977-1988, there was a rapid, almost linear increase of these compounds, ~70% in the northern and ~77% in the southern hemisphere. From 1988 up to 1992, growth rates were slower, more so for CFC-11 in the northern hemisphere. Superposed on this pattern were QBO, QTO (Quasi-Biennial and Quasi-Triennial Oscillations). A spectral analysis of the various series indicated the following. The 50 hPa low latitude zonal wind had one prominent QBO peak at 2.58 years and much smaller peaks at 2.00 (QBO) and 5.1 years. The Southern oscillation index represented by (T-D), Tahiti minus Darwin atmospheric pressure, had a prominent peak at 4.1 years and a smaller peak at 2.31 years. CFC-11 had only one significant peak at 3.7 years in the southern hemisphere, roughly similar to the 4.1 year (T-D) peak. CFC-12 had prominent QBO (2.16-2.33 years) in both the hemispheres and a QTO (3.6 years) in the southern hemisphere. For individual locations, CFC-11 showed barely significant QBO in the range (1.95-3.07 years), while CFC 12 showed strong QBO in the range (1.86-2.38 years). The difference in the spectral characteristics of CFC-11 and CFC 12 time series is attributed to differences in their lifetimes (44 and 180 years), source emission rates and transport processes.
Observations of daytime surface energy balance in cloudy tropical conditions at Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: JEGEDE O. O.
Published: January 2022

Daytime energy balance at the surface in cloudy tropical conditions for Ile-Ife; Nigeria (7°33'N, 4°34'E) is investigated based on a series of micrometeorological measurements performed in October/November of 1998. For the humid environment that it is (mixing ratio, 17 -25 g / kg), magnitudes of the latent heat flux were much larger than the values for the sensible heat. Of the morning hours the average value for the Bowen ratio obtained was 0.36, while for the afternoons it was 0.74. As the soil surface became dried up in the afternoons, magnitudes of both sensible heat and ground heat fluxes were found to be comparable.

 

Fluctuations in the magnitudes of the terms of the surface energy balance correlated well to the cloud amount, degree of soil wetness, air temperature and humidity. But of all these factors, the variation in the amount of cloudiness appeared most dominant.
DMSP-SSM/I retrieval of proper surface winds during monsoon depression
Authors: MAHAJAN P. N.
Published: January 2022

Recently developed various global microwave algorithms for DMSP-SSM/I satellite data are used for the estimation of surface winds over the Indian ocean.  Sea surface wind speeds from these algorithms are compared with sea surface wind speeds reported by coincidental Minicoy island (lowest height 2 m a.s.l.) station over the Arabian sea.  A statistical comparison of these algorithms is made in terms of rms error, correlation coefficient, bias and standard deviation. Algorithm of Petty showed best results in the comparison.  On the basis of this algorithm a notable characteristic feature such as acquiring of large area of strong surface winds (12-15 ms-1) to the south of dipping of monsoon trough in head Bay and then encircling of these winds during further development of low and depression (22-27 July 1992) is observed. This complete life cycle monitoring assessment of monsoon depression in respect of surface winds based on DMSP-SSM/I satellite data encourages to utilise our IRS-P4 (Oceansat-1) satellite data at different frequencies to emerge more details of various weather systems over the Indian region.
Seasonal variations, trend in the tropopause height/temperature over Indian stations and its modulations by SST anomalies of east Pacific Ocean
Authors: SRIVASTAVA A.  K. , RAY K.  C. SINHA , KULKARNI RUTA
Published: January 2022

Global warming due to increase in the Green House Gases is now well known. There are  several studies, also, suggesting discernible changes over the years in respect of meteorological parameters like, rainfall events, frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones/hurricanes, maximum/minimum temperature, SST of oceans etc, on regional as well as global scale.  The present study besides finding out seasonal variations in tropopause height and temperature across each 5° latitude over India based on a longer data set, has demarcated the locations where significant trend in respect of temperature and height was observed over Indian region on annual scale besides investigating the possible causes of this trend.  The study has also confirmed significant linear associationship between tropopause temperature/height over Indian stations and SST anomalies of east Pacific Ocean with SST  leading by one year.
Water use pattern and related agrometeorological indices of rabi & kharif sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at Deccan plateau
Authors: SENGUPTA S. , DAS H. P. , KALE A. A.
Published: January 2022

The agrometeorological  data pertinent to estimation of water use and related agrometeorological indices of  KBSH - II (1988 to 1991) and MORDEN varieties of sunflower (1992 and 1993) cultivated both in rabi and kharif seasons, were used to understand the comparative water use pattern and agrometeorological indices for getting an idea about the crop condition at Bangalore. The study revealed that mean weekly water use was higher in almost all the years during the kharif season than during the rabi season except in  1990 and the consumptive water use increased with development of the vegetative cover of the crop reaching a peak value in the vegetative growth stage. The ARI (agroclimatic rainfall index) and cumulative YMI (yield moisture index) were always higher during the kharif season than correspondingly those during the rabi season and showed yearly and  seasonal variability in different growth stages which was due to the moisture stress condition of the soil as well as prevailing weather conditions of the atmosphere. In case of AI (aridity index), high values were observed at early and late crop growth stages during the kharif season which showed that the crop experienced less aridity between vegetative to seed formation  stage. The water use efficiency (WUE) of the crop also revealed wide variation due to variety and season.
Assimilative capacity of the atmosphere at Gorakhpur with respect to air pollution
Authors: NANDANKAR P. K.
Published: January 2022

The present study aims at seasonal and diurnal pollution potential at Gorakhpur in east Uttar Pradesh. To assess the pollution potential, meteorological data for five year period (1982-86) of Gorakhpur have been analyzed for four seasons viz; winter (December-February), summer (March-May), monsoon (June-September) and post monsoon (October-November). Season wise wind roses, stability, stability wind roses have been prepared and season wise diurnal variation of mixing height and ventilation coefficient have also been worked out. It is found that Gorakhpur has a better diffusion capacity in summer and poor in post monsoon followed by winter. Afternoon hours are better for vertical mixing. The winds are predominantly from southwest to west in all seasons except in monsoon when it blows from northeast to east. Based on this study, an appropriate location for industrialization has been suggested.
Variation of Vp/Vs ratios for granitic layers and weekly average number of earthquakes in NE India
Authors: GHOSH UDAYAN
Published: January 2022

Vp/Vs ratios for the granitic layers in Shillong Plateau and the partially overlapping Tezpur seismic area, have been calculated from Wadati diagrams drawn on the basis of seismic phase data.

 

From Shillong plateau the average of 23 readings for some months of 1979 for Vp/Vs is found to be 1.71.

 

For Tezpur area the average of 29 readings of Vp/Vs for 1991-92 is found to be 1.73, but for 1995-96, the average Vp/Vs from 49 readings is found to be 1.68. The overall average from 78 readings for this area is 1.70. The low Vp/Vs for 1995-97 seems to be precursory.

 

For the granitic layer, taking Vp = 5.92 kms/s and Vp/Vs = 1.70. We get Vs=3.48 km/s for NE India.

 

Values of Vp/Vs ratios and number of shocks per day are plotted against time and are shown to undergo sudden lowering before many M³4.2 earthquakes. Vp/Vs is generally lowered below 1.60 in such cases.

 

In Shillong plateau the number of shocks per day for 1979 is found to be three times the number in the adjoining Tezpur area, for 1991-97.
An Analysis of Tourist's Behavioural Intention in the Digital Era: Using a Modified Model of the Reasoned Action Theory
Authors: Benslimane Amine , Semaoune Khalissa
Published: January 2022

Destination management organisations currently operate in an environment where online media greatly influences travellers' decision-making. In this digital environment, electronic word of mouth (eWOM) is considered an important source of information affecting tourist's behaviour and destination image formation. Destination image is also recognised as major element influencing holiday destination choice, intention to revisit a destination and the willingness to recommend it to others. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) in turn, offers a relevant conceptual framework to analyse tourists’ behaviour. This paper aims to (1) incorporate eWOM and destination image as exogenous variables into the TRA model, then evaluate the ability of this extension to predict tourists’ behavioural intention (2) examine both eWOM and destination image impact on intention to visit an emerging destination (3) inspect eWOM role in destination image formation (4) evaluate the ability of the TRA’s core constructs (i.e., attitude and subjective norms) to predict intention. A quantitative approach based on structural equation modelling conducted this study in order to test the extended model, by analysing data collected from 234 potential foreign tourists, selected using a convenience sampling method. Results revealed that the extended model had a good predictive ability for tourists’ intentions to visit an emerging destination. Besides, attitude, subjective norms and destination image were significant predictors of visit intention, and eWOM significantly influenced the image. The study outcomes may help to develop a more efficient and successful tourism marketing strategy.
Direito canônico e processo penal: colaboração processual na busca pela verdade
Authors: Gabriel Bittencourt de Aguiar  , Gilberto Callado de Oliveira
Published: January 2022

Este artigo objetiva demonstrar a possibilidade real de colaboração processual entre o estado laico e os Tribunais Eclesiásticos. Como objetivos específicos tem-se mitigar alguns pontos desconhecidos, aproximando as possibilidades práticas e teóricas acerca de complementação e colaboração processual. Como resultados da pesquisa notou-se que mesmo diante de evidentes singularidades, é possível a colaboração entre as duas instituições, cujo livre convencimento para julgar suas lides com base nas provas licitamente obtidas na instrução processual, tanto na esfera processual penal quanto na esfera eclesial são regidas por um mesmo objetivo, visando o princípio da busca pela verdade real.

 

This article aims to demonstrate the real possibility of procedural collaboration between the secular state and the Ecclesiastical Courts. As specific objectives, some unknown points have been mitigated, approaching practical and theoretical possibilities about complementation and procedural collaboration. As a result of the research, it was noted that even in the face of obvious singularities, collaboration between the two institutions is possible, whose free conviction to judge their disputes based on the evidence lawfully obtained in the procedural instruction, both in the criminal procedural sphere and in the ecclesial sphere. governed by the same objective, aiming at the principle of the search for the real truth.