bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GÖNÜLLÜLERİN MOTİVASYON VE İŞ TATMİNLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ÖRGÜT KÜLTÜRÜNÜN ARACILIK ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ERDURMAZLI Eser
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmada, kapsamı
İşlevsel Yaklaşım Kuramı tarafından tanımlanmış işlevsel amaç ve beklentiler
esas alınarak, kişileri gönüllü olmaya yönelten motivasyonların iş tatmin
duygusu üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, örgüt kültürüne ait
özelliklerin gönüllü motivasyonu ve iş tatmini arasındaki ilişki üzerinde aracılık
rolünün bulunup bulunmadığı da araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın hipotezleri, çeşitli
alanlarda faaliyetlerini sürdürmekte olan gönüllü kuruluşlarının İstanbul
bölgesindeki farklı şubelerine kayıtlı 385 gönüllü üyesinden elde edilen
veriler kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, “anlayış” ve
“kariyer” motivasyon boyutlarının gönüllülerin iş tatmin seviyelerini anlamlı
ve pozitif yönde yordadığını, ancak örgüt kültürünün herhangi bir aracılık
etkisinin bulunmadığını göstermiştir. Araştırma bulgularının ne anlama geldiği
akademik ve pratik bakış açılarıyla tartışılmıştır.
TÜRK BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE BİREYSEL BANKACILIK UYGULAMALARININ SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR REKABET ÜSTÜNLÜĞÜ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÇAĞLAYAN Berrin , DURMUŞ-ÖZDEMİR Eren
Published: July 2018

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, Türk bankacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bankaların
bireysel bankacılık uygulamaları, rekabet stratejisi ve işletme performansı
arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma soruları
bankaların üst düzey yöneticileri ile derinlemesine yüz yüze görüşmeler ve
destekleyici soru formları yoluyla sorgulanmıştır. Veri seti içerik analizi ile
yorumlanmıştır. Bulgular bankaların performanslarını arttıran rekabet
stratejilerinin sırasıyla fiyat farklılaştırma stratejisi (özel ürün
fiyatlandırma uygulamaları), imaj farklılaştırma stratejisi (pazarlama
yeniliğine yönelik uygulamalar) ve kalite farklılaştırma stratejisi (süreç
yeniliğine yönelik uygulamalar) olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca bulgular kamu
sermayeli bankalar haricindeki diğer bankaların düşük maliyetli operasyonel
faaliyetleri ile performanslarını arttırdığına dair bilgiler de sunmuştur.
Reproductive biology of the ghost crab, Ocypode rotundata Miers, 1882 (Decapoda, Ocypodidae) at Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf
Authors: Naderi Mojtaba , Hosseini Seyed Abbas , Pazooki Jamileh , Hedayati Aliakbar , Zare Parviz , Lastra Mariano
Published: July 2018

This study aimed to investigate some key aspects of the reproductive strategy ofOcypode rotundataMiers, 1882 from southwest beaches of Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf, Iran, by providing information regarding its sex ratio, sexual maturity, spawning period and fecundity. Samples were taken monthly, from February 2015 to January 2016. Size at the onset of morphometric maturity was estimated at 38.57 mm carapace width. The overall sex ratio (males/females) was observed as 1.13 : 1.00. On monthly based analyses, the sex ratio showed no significant differences, although a significant deviation was observed toward males in the larger size classes. According to the gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad maturity and occurrence of ovigerous females, the main breeding season occurs from March to October, with a remarkable peak in June. Fecundity ranged from 24 152 to 10 5287 eggs per individual, with a mean value of 52 389 ± 25 660. The ratio between fecundity and carapace width varied from 632 to 2044 eggs/mm (mean: 1198 ± 472 eggs/mm) and fecundity relative to total mass varied from 771 to 1965 eggs/g (mean: 1336.66 ± 425.43 eggs/g). The reproductive output ranged from 1.04 to 3.78 (mean: 2.35 ± 0.90). The shape of the egg was spherical and it included 6 stages of growth, ranging from fully filled with yolk to fully occupied by the embryo. We concluded that reproduction inO. rotundatais seasonal, and that spawning occurs in an appropriate period to ensure maximum survival of the offspring. The fecundity ofO. rotundatais higher than that of other species of Brachyura, with GSI variations being related to temperature. Overall, the results of this study provide relevant information for the reproduction in general and the breeding seasons ofO. rotundata, whicht can be useful for conservation and management policies aimed at preserving the biodiversity of ghost crabs along the Persian Gulf’s sandy shores.
Morphological and genetic distinction of Armases angustipes and A. miersii (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)
Authors: Marochi Murilo Z. , Masunari Setuko , Schubart Christoph D.
Published: July 2018

Among coastal crabs of the family Sesarmidae from the western Atlantic, there have been problems of misidentification and controversial reports of distribution, especially due to the morphological similarity and sympatric occurrence of some species. In order to clarify the morphological distinction between Armases angustipes and Armases miersii we here summarize morphological information of the two species and provide new information on the distribution of A. angustipes. In addition, museum specimens from the Bahamas assigned to A. angustipes were morphologically and genetically re-identified as A. miersii, questioning the occurrence of the former species in this archipelago. In this case, there would be no geographic overlap between the two species, with A. angustipes becoming the southern form, mostly restricted to South America. Further studies on the variability among populations of A. miersii and A. angustipes are needed.
Colloquium 2 Commentary on Halper
Authors: Goldin Owen
Published: July 2018

Edward Halper’s “The Metaphysics of the Syllogism” argues that the ontological ground of valid inference is found in the necessity of the predications that constitute the premises of the sort of syllogism central to Aristotle’s theory: demonstration. I further support his conclusion on the basis of a consideration of the title and structure of Aristotle’s Analytics, as well as some recent analysis of Aristotle’s modal logic. Halper however suggests that the logical form of inference is a result of how the mind sorts out the elements involved in a complex unity. I suggest that it is not primarily the mind that does this work, but language. What the mind does is primarily to be understood as a reflection of what language does, not vice versa.
Colloquium 4 A Man of No Substance: The Philosopher in Plato’s Gorgias
Authors: Ewegen S.Montgomery
Published: July 2018

At the center of Plato’s Gorgias, the shameless and irascible Callicles offers an attack against philosophy (484c and following). During this attack, he describes philosophy as a pastime fit only for the young which, if practiced beyond the bloom of youth, threatens to render those who practice it politically inept and powerless. Moreover, when taken too far, philosophy provokes the city into stripping the philosopher of all of his rights and property, leaving him with no οὐσία at all (486c). Thus, according to Callicles, far from making one powerful within the city, philosophy ultimately renders one impotent and utterly without substance. In what follows I argue that the Socrates of the Gorgias agrees with this characterization of the philosopher as the one who lacks power and οὐσία. However, whereas Callicles sees such a condition as the most worthless and pitiable sort, Socrates sees it as the unique and singular posture from out of which true philosophical thinking, and true political power, are possible. As I will show, through the course of the Gorgias as a whole, Socrates offers a counter-discourse that presents the philosopher as a powerless person lacking οὐσία who is precisely thereby able to undertake a pursuit of the truth and the good. Phrased otherwise: Socrates takes ignorance understood as lack or powerlessness to be the very condition for the possibility of philosophy and true political power, while showing rhetoric understood as the pretense of wisdom to be an obstruction to these.
Person-Centered Therapy as Applied to Work With Transgender and Gender Diverse Clients
Authors: Knutson Douglas , Koch Julie M.
Published: July 2018

Scholars continue to call for research-informed treatment approaches for transgender clients. The existing literature directs therapists to learn about unique issues facing transgender individuals and to provide affirming therapy for transgender clients. We offer a person-centered approach to treatment for transgender individuals that integrates current scholarship with person-centered theory and offers specific interventions for use with transgender clients. These theoretical applications and interventions are offered for both interpersonal and intrapersonal work with clients. Following our analysis, we offer future areas of emphasis for treatment and research.
What do we know about urban sustainability? A research synthesis and nonparametric assessment
Authors: Swann William L , Deslatte Aaron
Published: July 2018

Urban sustainability has become a burgeoning practical and scholarly enterprise over the last two decades. Yet, there have been few attempts to systematically assess what cumulative knowledge this research is generating. We advance our understanding of urban sustainability by synthesising extant empirical findings to gauge progress made towards developing theoretical insight, and then testing a nonparametric predictive model that helps overcome methodological challenges in this literature. Drawing data from two national surveys of US local governments, we find that although organisational capacity appears to be the most important predictor, the broad range of activities grouped under the banner of ‘urban sustainability’ rely on distinct causal mechanisms, and use of composite models and measures of sustainability may hinder theoretical advancement. Implications for future research are discussed.
Perceptions of Attitude Similarity: Effect of Anchored versus Unanchored Positions
Authors: Marks Gary , Miller Norman
Published: July 2018

Undergraduates read anecdotes that described four target persons. The descriptions manipulated targets' level of favorability on each of four evaluative dimensions. When information about a target's standing was provided on dimensions on which subjects' own positions were on the average middling, but not securely anchored in the external environment (common sense, likability), their subsequent perceptions of attitude similarity to the target increased monotonically as a function of the favorability of the initial information about the target. When initial information about the target was provided, instead, on dimensions on which subjects' own positions were securely anchored near the midpoint (educational attainment, annual income), they perceived greatest attitude similarity to that target closest to their own objective position and perceived least similarity to targets who occupied either a more or a less favorable position than self. These findings, and those of a separate questionnaire study, suggest that people do not uniformly attribute culturally desirable positions to themselves or see themselves as most similar to desirable others. Instead, they do so only on dimensions on which their own positions are not securely anchored in external reality.
Migration as a Risky Enterprise: A Diagnostic for Bangladesh
Authors: Das Narayan , de Janvry Alain , Mahmood Sakib , Sadoulet Elisabeth
Published: July 2018

We provide a quantitative diagnostic of attempts by Bangladeshi workers at migrating to foreign countries and the risks that they face in doing so. We show that migration failures may be as high as one-third of attempts at migrating, with large financial losses for households with an aspiring migrant. Using a duration model, we find that success in migrating is associated with a current higher national migration, larger village migration network, and urban residence. We also find that in spite of the high cost of failure, there are still large expected gains from trying to migrate.
Teacher Proactivity Influencing Student Satisfaction and Loyalty Role of Job Crafting and Work Engagement
Authors: Zahoor Adil
Published: July 2018

Executive Summary

During the recent past, various researchers have argued that educational institutions fall within the domain of service industry ( Joseph & Beatriz, 1997 , Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 8(2), 1–13). Consequently, service marketers have placed unprecedented attention on education sector to explore the marketing aspect of academic institutions. Furthermore, because of intensifying global competition and increasing cost of education, academic institutions are placing additional emphasis on student-related outcomes rather than merely concentrating on the skills and abilities of their graduates.

In this backdrop, this study investigates the hitherto unexplored antecedents of two significant student-related outcomes (student satisfaction and loyalty), that is, proactive personality of teachers. The study also provides a possible explanation of this relationship through the mediating role of job crafting and work engagement. This would help academicians to develop broader insights into the domain of antecedents of positive student experiences.

Dyads of 159 teachers from 20 universities in India were created and responses were collected on job crafting and work engagement (self-ratings) and proactive personality (peer-ratings) using a structured questionnaire. About 608 students were approached from the same universities to collect data regarding their satisfaction and loyalty. The sample universities included both central and state universities. All constructs were measured using previously developed scales. The hypothesized relationships were tested in AMOS 20 using structural equation modeling.

The results evidenced a significant positive influence of teacher proactivity on student satisfaction and their loyalty. Also, job crafting and work engagement are found to significantly and sequentially mediate the relationship between teacher proactivity and student outcomes. Therefore, academic practitioners are required to place additional emphasis on proactivity of the teaching staff so as to result in positive student service experience. It is suggested that the selection and recruitment process of teaching faculty be redesigned to identify proactivity of prospective teachers.
Persuasive Conduct: Alignment and Resistance in Prospecting “Cold” Calls
Authors: Humă Bogdana , Stokoe Elizabeth , Sikveland Rein Ove
Published: July 2018

Social psychology has theorized the cognitive processes underlying persuasion, without considering its interactional infrastructure—the discursive actions through which persuasion is accomplished interactionally. Our article aims to fill this gap, by using discursive psychology and conversation analysis to examine 153 “cold” calls, in which salespeople seek to secure meetings with prospective clients. We identify two sets of communicative practices that comprise persuasive conduct: (1) pre-expanding the meeting request with accounts that secure the prospect’s alignment to this course of action without disclosing its end result and (2) minimizing the imposition of the meeting to reduce the prospect’s opportunities for refusal. We conclude that persuasive conduct consists in managing the recipiency of the meeting requests by promoting alignment and hampering resistance. Overall, this article contributes to the wider discursive psychological project of “respecifying” psychological phenomena such as attitudes, memory, and emotion from the realm of social cognition to the realm of social interaction.
The Refugee Crisis / Internally Displaced Persons and Theological Education
Authors: Idialu Raphael Akhijemen
Published: July 2018

This article considers the current global trend of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and the Refugee Crisis, which have become serious concerns for most nations of the world and for the Church. While not limiting the discussion to the current refugee situation, the article focuses more on the circumstances faced by IDPs in Nigeria and the factors that led to this situation. The article brings a Biblical perspective to the situation, as it also looks at the role that theological education can play in stemming the migration tide. Bibliographic and ethnographic tools used in eliciting data reveal that theological education has a role in critically assessing the IDP situation and finding a way out of it. Also, theological education can be a prophetic voice for the Church and society in condemning the factors that lead to crises, and even in urging and encouraging both the government and the Church to fulfil their responsibilities.
Commitment, interpersonal stigma, and mental health in romantic relationships between transgender women and cisgender male partners
Authors: Gamarel Kristi E. , Sevelius Jae M. , Reisner Sari L. , Coats Cassandra Sutten , Nemoto Tooru , Operario Don
Published: July 2018

The goals of this study were to (a) examine associations between interpersonal stigma and psychological distress among a sample of transgender women and their cisgender male partners and (b) identify whether commitment moderates the association between interpersonal stigma and psychological distress. To address these aims, 191 couples consisting of transgender women and their cisgender male partners completed a one-time survey. Actor–partner interdependence models were fit to examine stigma, commitment, and their interaction on psychological distress. More frequent experiences of interpersonal stigma were associated with elevated psychological distress for both partners. For transgender women, higher commitment was associated with lower psychological distress. There was a significant interaction effect such that the association between interpersonal stigma and psychological distress was attenuated by greater commitment for transgender women but not for their cisgender male partners. Findings provide preliminary support for associations between interpersonal stigma and mental health of both partners and identify commitment as a potential stress buffer for transgender women.
Influence of socio-demographic factors on mobile phone adoption in rural Bangladesh: Policy implications
Authors: Alam GM Monirul , Alam Khorshed , Mushtaq Shahbaz , Khatun Most Nilufa , Mamun MS Arifeen Khan
Published: July 2018

Access to information and communication technology (ICT) has been considered crucial to alleviate poverty and improve food security of rural households. The mobile phone is an ICT that is widely used by rural households in developing countries. This study examines the determinants of mobile phone adoption using survey data of vulnerable rural households in Bangladesh, a developing country; the study empirically assesses the income hypothesis of mobile phone adoption in particular. Four alternative specifications of the model are developed to test the stability and robustness of the estimates. The study finds rural households have heterogeneous access to ICT such as radio, TV, computer and the Internet except mobile phone. Our estimated Gini coefficient indicates high income inequality among the rural households. The model results suggest that household income positively influences mobile phone adoption. However, the impact is not statistically significant. Other factors such as respondents’ age, education and farm category are statistically significant influences on mobile phone adoption. An increasing use of mobile phones is likely to enhance the sharing of valuable information among rural households for the better management of their livelihoods and improved farming decisions.
Evaluation of Safe Streets Treatment Option to Reduce Recidivism Among Repeat Drunk Driving Offenders
Authors: Freiburger Tina L. , Sheeran Alyssa M.
Published: July 2018

Drinking and driving poses a significant issue in the United States. Repeat offenders are especially problematic as they are responsible for a high proportion of all drunk driving offenses and are more likely to continue in their drinking and driving behaviors. This study examines the effectiveness of the Safe Streets Treatment Options Program (SSTOP) in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, to reduce recidivism among repeat offenders. The results indicate that participants of SSTOP had significantly fewer convictions, fewer subsequent sentences to incarceration, were sentenced to fewer days incarcerated in jail for subsequent offenses, and were less likely to receive another Operating While Intoxicated (OWI) conviction than those in the comparison group. Policy implications and directions for future research also are discussed.
Vision-based guidance for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle autonomous carrier landing
Authors: Zhang Zhouyu , Cao Yunfeng , Ding Meng , Zhuang Likui , Tao Jiang
Published: July 2018

Autonomous carrier landing is regarded as a crucial problem among the flight stages of carrier-based unmanned aerial vehicle. In recent years, vision-based guidance has become a promising solution for unmanned aerial vehicle autonomous carrier landing. In this paper a new vision-based navigation scheme is proposed for unmanned aerial vehicle autonomous carrier landing. The scheme aims at dealing with two core problems: searching the carrier by using the images obtained from the airborne forward-looking camera and estimating the relative position and attitude between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the carrier. In order to solve the first problem, the spectral residual-based saliency analysis method is firstly adopted to obtain the Region of Interest. Then the locality-constraint linear coding-based feature learning method is proposed for feature extraction, and the region of interest containing the carrier is finally recognized by the linear support vector machine. In order to solve the second problem, five feature points are firstly selected on the surface of the carrier. Then, a new carrier-fixed moving reference coordinate system is set up. The six landing parameters including three attitude parameters and three position parameters are finally obtained by using orthogonal iteration. The experiment results verify the superiority and effectiveness of the algorithms proposed in this paper.
Integrated improvement of the elasticity-based mesh deformation method based on robust parameters and mesh quality
Authors: Zhang Bin , Feng Zhiwei , Yang Tao , Xu Boting , Sun Xiaojian
Published: July 2018

Highly robust mesh deformation methods are key techniques for solving unsteady flow field problems with moving or deforming boundaries. Because it is imperative to reduce the remeshing times, these methods are important in engineering applications, especially for complex geometric boundaries and large displacements. We introduce three classical elasticity-based mesh deformation methods and determine the limitations of the two nonlinear classical methods. Two steps were taken to achieve an integrated improvement: first, the robust power parameters a and b and the weighted parameter x are introduced to enhance the robustness of the basic elasticity equation. Second, a mesh quality parameter is implemented to prevent the large distortion of the poor elements and this parameter is added to the elasticity equation as a constraint. To validate the validity of the integrated improvement approach, several test cases of a moving or deforming two-dimensional flat plate are used. Additionally, two simulated engineering examples are used to demonstrate the application of the integrated improvement for practical problems, including the pitching oscillation of a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0012 airfoil and the ONERA M6 wing. The results show that the integrated improvement approach does not only allow for the selection of suitable robust parameters to achieve more robust deformed meshes but also reduces the distortion of the poor elements near the moving boundary, even when the deformation is severe.
Stanley Cobb, the Rockefeller Foundation and the evolution of American psychiatry
Authors: Snodgrass S Robert
Published: July 2018

Stanley Cobb founded the Harvard Departments of Neurology (1925) and Psychiatry (1934) with Rockefeller Foundation funding. Cobb was an important transitional figure in both neurology and psychiatry. He and his friend Alan Gregg were the most visible parts of the Rockefeller Foundation psychiatry project, which prepared American psychiatry for the rapid growth of psychiatric research after World War II. Edward Shorter called him the founder of American biological psychiatry, but this misunderstands Cobb and the Hegelian evolution of twentieth-century American psychiatry. I review the major role of the Rockefeller Foundation in the evolution of American academic psychiatry and the disappearance of Cobb’s teaching and that of his mentor Adolf Meyer, a founding father of American academic psychiatry.
Investigation of defects in crystalline silicon solar cells by confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Osayemwenre Gilbert O , Meyer Edson L , Taziwa Raymond
Published: July 2018

Defects in solar cells can be caused during processing or through a benign event like a falling leaf when operating in an outdoor system. Shading caused by such a leaf can result in the cell operating in the reverse direction and ultimately in hotspot formation, which in turn can cause the entire cell to breakdown and essentially become a power dissipator rather than a producer. More often than not, this reverse biasing of the cell will enhance the effect of any inherent defect. In this study, poly-Si cells were reverse biased to enhance the effect of their inherent defect. These defects were then analysed using non-destructive confocal Raman spectroscopy, since this technique allows us to observe small defects in cells/material using the intensity of the transverse optic bands. The intensity of defect-induced Raman band has a direct relationship with the observed morphological defects of the reverse biased cell. The quality of the active layer was also investigated; this includes the chemical composition and the stress level which can be found through the single spectrum bandwidth. The efficiency of solar material depends on the absorption capability of the solar material, while the optical and the electrical properties to a large extent determine the absorption capability of solar cell. However, its structure, defect and stress level can offset the total optical and electronic properties. The present study reveals defect in micro-level and the stress induced in the affected region of the solar cell. Confocal Raman is suitable for characterising stresses in relation to microstructure, defect level as well as the manufacturer-induced defect in the substrate.
Operationalization of the Transition to Comfort Measures Only in the Neurocritical Care Unit: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Lele Abhijit , Cheever Chong , Healey Larry , Hurley Kellie , Kim Louis J. , Creutzfeldt Claire J.
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

Transition to comfort measures only (CMO) is common in the neurocritical care unit, and close communication between interdisciplinary health-care teams is vital to a smooth transition. We developed and implemented a CMO huddle in an effort to reduce inconsistencies during the process of CMO transition.

Methods:

The CMO huddle was a multiphase quality improvement project in a neurocritical care unit of a level-1 trauma and comprehensive stroke center. Interdisciplinary critical care clinicians engaged in a huddle during CMO processes and participated in a pre- and postimplementation survey to examine the impact of CMO huddle on communication, missed opportunities, and improvement in knowledge.

Results:

Since the CMO implementation, a total of 131 patients underwent CMO transitions. After implementation of an interdisciplinary CMO huddle, 64.3% of neurocritical care nurses reported that they felt included and involved in CMO process compared to 28% before implementation ( P = .003); 87.9% of all neurocritical care clinicians reported that they felt comfortable participating in CMO discussions compared to 69.8% before ( P < .001); 57.4% of all neurocritical care clinicians reported that the CMO huddle improved communication among neurocritical care clinicians, 51.9% reported reduction in missed opportunities during CMO process, and 21.7% reported witnessing less-than-ideal CMO process compared to 80% before ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

Implementation of a multidisciplinary huddle in the neuro–intensive care unit before transition to CMO may improve clinician’s experience of the end-of-life process through enhanced nursing inclusion and involvement and organized communication with the neurocritical care team.
One Size Doesn’t Fit All
Authors: Gaub Janne E. , Todak Natalie , White Michael D.
Published: July 2018

Although body-worn cameras (BWCs) have diffused rapidly in law enforcement both in the United States and abroad, questions have emerged regarding the potential utility of BWCs for specialized police units. Given the near-sole focus on patrol during BWC implementation, the role of specialty units in BWC deployment is often overlooked. Further, the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges associated with BWCs may be unique for specialty units compared to patrol, given their differences in mission and operational focus. We explore this issue using qualitative data from 17 focus groups with 72 officers assigned to specialty units in two midsize Western police departments. The findings highlight the importance of carefully considering unit mission when making decisions about BWCs, especially related to policy and procedure.
Construct Validation of the Trauma Symptom Checklist–40 Total and Subscale Scores
Authors: Rizeq Jala , Flora David B. , McCann Doug
Published: July 2018

The Trauma Symptom Checklist–40 (TSC-40) is commonly used in clinical research to index history of childhood maltreatment and assess complex trauma symptomatology in adults. Yet the dimensional structure of this measure has not been examined. We examined the factor structure of the TSC-40 in a sample of 706 undergraduate students, measurement invariance of the TSC-40 across groups with or without a history of abuse-related and multiple trauma, and the association between the TSC-40 and other trauma indices. A higher order model of complex trauma symptomatology was optimal. The higher order model also demonstrated strong measurement invariance across participants with or without abuse-related and multiple trauma histories. The current findings support the dimensional structure of the TSC-40, as well as extending and revising its subscale composition. This study provided support for using the TSC-40 to measure trauma symptoms across groups exposed to different and multiple types of trauma and provided further evidence for the construct of complex trauma symptomatology.
Application of the 2015 proposed NIOSH vapor containment performance protocol for closed system transfer devices used during pharmacy compounding and administration of hazardous drugs
Authors: Forshay Charlotte M , Streeter Shawn O , Salch Stephanie A , Eckel Stephen F
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) released a proposed protocol in 2015 to evaluate the vapor containment abilities of closed system transfer device technologies in order to provide meaningful comparisons between products. This study assessed the vapor containment ability of closed system transfer devices when following the methodology as outlined by the 2015 NIOSH proposed protocol.

Methods

This study evaluated six closed system transfer device brands following the draft NIOSH vapor containment protocol. The testing evaluated each closed system transfer device brand during both compounding (Task 1) and administration (Task 2). Five pre-specified steps for each task were repeated for a total of four manipulations per device. The Thermo Scientific™ MIRAN SapphIRe XL Infrared Analyzer was used to detect isopropyl alcohol vapor levels after each step.

Results

For Task 1, two closed system transfer device products (PhaSeal™ and Equashield®) adequately contained the isopropyl alcohol vapor and passed the predefined testing criteria. The same two products, plus one additional product (ChemoLock™), contained the vapor for Task 2 manipulations. Based on the results of this study, only two out of the six closed system transfer device brands passed testing criteria for both tasks, functioning as truly closed systems.

Conclusion

To improve employee safety in chemotherapy preparation, closed system transfer devices that demonstrate no leakage should be the preferred choices of healthcare systems. In this study, PhaSeal™ and Equashield® proved to be adequately closed in both Task 1 and Task 2, while ChemoLock™ proved to be closed in Task 2 but not in Task 1. All other products failed both tasks when measuring for isopropyl alcohol vapor release.
Ciprofloxacin vs. levofloxacin for prophylaxis in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Rambaran Kerry Anne , Seifert Charles F
Published: July 2018

Background

Infection is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing myleosuppressive therapy with the risk of infection being heightened during the neutropenic phase. Fluoroquinolones are most often utilized as prophylaxis, specifically levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin; however, there is increasing resistance among these agents. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin when used prophylactically in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.

Study design

A retrospective cohort study conducted at a 443-bed tertiary teaching county hospital from 1 January 2005 to 31 September 2016.

Methods

Patients aged 18–89 who were admitted and received levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were evaluated.

Results

The patient population (N = 151) was predominantly male (93 vs. 58) and the median (IQR) age was 57 (20.1) years. There were 108 patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation compared to 43 undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Significantly fewer patients who received levofloxacin (11/43, 25.6%) developed neutropenic fever compared to patients who received ciprofloxacin (61/108, 56.5%, p = 0.0006). Also there were significantly more positive blood cultures in the ciprofloxacin group (36/108, 33.3%) compared to the levofloxacin group (4/43, 9.3%); the majority of which were Gram-positive organisms (p = 0.0025).

Conclusion

Prophylaxis with levofloxacin was associated with a lower incidence of febrile neutropenia and bacteremia when compared to ciprofloxacin in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.
Spray coating application for the development of nanocoated antimicrobial low-density polyethylene films to increase the shelf life of chicken breast fillets
Authors: Azlin-Hasim Shafrina , Cruz-Romero Malco C , Morris Michael A , Cummins Enda , Kerry Joseph P
Published: July 2018

Antimicrobial coated films were produced by an innovative method that allowed surface modification of commercial low-density polyethylene films so that well-defined antimicrobial surfaces could be prepared. A Pluronic™ surfactant and a polystyrene-polyethylene oxide block copolymer were employed to develop modified materials. The Pluronic™ surfactant provided a more readily functionalised film surface, while block copolymer provided a reactive interface which was important in providing a route to silver nanoparticles that were well adhered to the surface. Antimicrobial films containing silver were manufactured using a spray coater and the amount of silver used for coating purposes varied by the concentration of the silver precursor (silver nitrate) or the number of silver coatings applied. Potential antimicrobial activity of manufactured silver-coated low-density polyethylene films was tested against Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus and microflora isolated from raw chicken. The microbiological and physicochemical quality of chicken breast fillets wrapped with silver-coated low-density polyethylene films followed by vacuum skin packaging was also assessed during storage. Antimicrobial activity of developed silver-coated low-density polyethylene films was dependent ( p < 0.05) upon the concentrations of silver precursor and the number of silver coatings used. Better antimicrobial activity against P. fluorescens, S. aureus and chicken microflora was observed when the concentration of silver precursor was 3% and the spray coating deposition of silver was repeated four times. Use of silver-coated low-density polyethylene films extended ( p < 0.05) shelf life of chicken breast fillets and enhanced ( p < 0.05) oxidative stability compared to control films. Results indicated that silver-coated low-density polyethylene films could potentially be used as antimicrobial packaging for food applications.
Efficacy and safety of ozanimod in multiple sclerosis: Dose-blinded extension of a randomized phase II study
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey A , Comi Giancarlo , Arnold Douglas L , Bar-Or Amit , Selmaj Krzysztof W , Steinman Lawrence , Havrdová Eva K , Cree Bruce AC , Montalbán Xavier , Hartung Hans-Peter , Huang Vivian , Frohna Paul , Skolnick Brett E , Kappos Ludwig ,   for the RADIANCE Trial Investigators
Published: July 2018

Background:

Ozanimod, an oral immunomodulator, selectively targets sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1 and 5.

Objective:

Evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ozanimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Methods:

In the RADIANCE Part A phase II study (NCT01628393), participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis were randomized (1:1:1) to once-daily ozanimod hydrochloride (0.5 or 1 mg) or placebo. After 24 weeks, participants could enter a 2-year, dose-blinded extension. Ozanimod-treated participants continued their assigned dose; placebo participants were re-randomized (1:1) to ozanimod hydrochloride 0.5 or 1 mg (equivalent to ozanimod 0.46 and 0.92 mg).

Results:

A total of 223 (89.6%) of the 249 participants completed the blinded extension. At 2 years of the extension, the percentage of participants who were gadolinium-enhancing lesion-free ranged from 86.5% to 94.6%. Unadjusted annualized relapse rate during the blinded extension (week 24—end of treatment) was 0.32 for ozanimod hydrochloride 0.5 mg → ozanimod hydrochloride 0.5 mg, 0.18 for ozanimod hydrochloride 1 mg → ozanimod hydrochloride 1 mg, 0.30 for placebo → ozanimod hydrochloride 0.5 mg, and 0.18 for placebo → ozanimod hydrochloride 1 mg. No second-degree or higher atrioventricular block or serious opportunistic infection was reported.

Conclusion:

Ozanimod demonstrated sustained efficacy in participants continuing treatment up to 2 years and reached similar efficacy in participants who switched from placebo; no unexpected safety signals emerged.
Application of the 2017 McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis in Korean patients with clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Hyun Jae-Won , Kim Woojun , Huh So-Young , Park Min Su , Ahn Suk-Won , Cho Joong-Yang , Kim Byung-Jo , Lee Sang-Hyun , Kim Su-Hyun , Kim Ho Jin
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

To evaluate the validity of the revised 2017 McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with the 2010 McDonald criteria to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).

Methods:

A total of 163 patients from seven referral hospitals in Korea, who experienced a first clinical event suggestive of MS between 2006 and 2017, were enrolled. Patients were stratified into two groups according to outcome at the last visit: CDMS converters who experienced a second clinical event and non-converters.

Results:

Of the 163 patients with a mean follow-up of 63 months, 60% converted to CDMS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were, respectively, 88.8%, 43.1%, 70.2%, 71.8% and 70.6% for the 2017 McDonald criteria and 53.1%, 69.2%, 72.2%, 49.5% and 59.5% for the 2010 McDonald criteria. After exclusion of 82 patients who received disease-modifying agents before the second attack, the specificity of the 2017 and 2010 McDonald criteria increased to 85.0% and 95.0%, but sensitivity decreased to 83.6% and 47.5%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The 2017 McDonald criteria afforded higher sensitivity and accuracy but lower specificity compared with the 2010 McDonald criteria for prediction of conversion to CDMS in Korean CIS patients.
Scopic regimes and the visual turn in International Relations: Seeing world politics through the drone
Authors: Grayson Kyle , Mawdsley Jocelyn
Published: July 2018

In this article, we argue that the lack of attention paid to the scopic regimes of modernity in the ‘visual turn’ literature misses a key aspect of how visuality produces and shapes the international as both a site — and sight — of politics. In making the case that systemised ways of seeing are central to world politics, we contend that the scopic regimes of modernity help us to understand how it becomes possible for particular representational practices and outputs to resonate within broader discourses as authoritative, truthful, and/or emotively powerful. To do so, we draw from ongoing controversies over targeted killing via drones. We argue that disagreements over the legality and governance of drone warfare are more than disputes over legal statutes and legitimate techniques for the application of kinetic force; they also encompass disagreements over how we see, who we see, what we see, and what counts as being seen. Thus, by demonstrating the importance of scopic regimes, we provide evidence of the value of engaging with how the visual produces the political in International Relations. Moreover, we argue for International Relations to engage with scopic regimes from beyond Western traditions in order to decolonise the ‘visual turn’.
From legal to normative: A combined social representations and sociocognitive approach to diagnosing cultural change triggered by new environmental laws
Authors: Bertoldo Raquel , Castro Paula
Published: July 2018

Inconsistency between the expressed support for resource-conservation ideas and behaviours has emphasized the need to develop a better understanding of the psychosocial processes through which formal laws (reified universe) also become informal norms (consensual universe). Experimental paradigms of the sociocognitive approach to social norms are able to assess if cultural change fostered by the legal/reified universe has been incorporated by society to the level of influencing, and being expected, in interpersonal communications. This article proposes to combine elements from the social representations theory and the sociocognitive approach to social norms in a diagnose proposal for cultural change (appropriation and consensualization dimensions). Through a self-presentation paradigm, results of Study 1 show that conservation beliefs and behaviours are indeed used in interpersonal contexts in order to be well-seen; yet, this informal valorization is context-dependent. In Study 2, a hetero-evaluation paradigm was used. Results show that conservation beliefs are socially valued and crucial for people to be positively seen (appropriation). However, the expression of conservation behaviours is not required (consensualization). Overall, these results show that conservation beliefs and behaviours have become informal norms in Portugal. Still, this valorization is not yet homogeneous; it partially tolerates belief–behaviour inconsistency, a typical dynamic of emancipated representations.
Learning to lead: a review and synthesis of literature examining health care managers' use of knowledge
Authors: Tate Kaitlyn , Hewko Sarah , McLane Patrick , Baxter Pamela , Perry Karyn , Armijo-Olivo Susan , Estabrooks Carole , Gordon Deb , Cummings Greta
Published: July 2018

Background

Scholarship cites health care managers (HCMs) as not using research evidence in their management practice. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to enhance HCMs use of research evidence in practice.

Methods

We carried out a systematic review and focus groups to validate the review findings. We searched 10 electronic databases for studies reporting on interventions for HCMs to enhance research utilization in their practice. Qualitative studies were analysed using Hoon’s approach to meta-synthesis.

Results

Seven, primarily qualitative, studies of varying quality (reported in 11 articles) met our inclusion criteria. Interventions to enhance research use by HCMs included: informal and formal training, computer-based application, executive-level knowledge translation activities and residency programmes. Studies did not report efficacy of interventions or impacts of increasing managers’ use of research on staff or patient outcomes. Meta-synthesis yielded four contextual factors influencing the perceived effectiveness of interventions to enhance research use by HCMs: organizational culture, competing priorities, time as a resource and capacity building. Included studies differed in how they defined research and demonstrated varying understandings of research among HCMs, limiting the generalizability of work in this field.

Conclusions

Healthcare managers are increasingly called upon to make evidence-based decisions in practice, but the small number of studies and diverse strategies employed hinder our ability to identify any intervention to increase use of evidence as superior. Future studies in this area should clearly articulate the definition of research evidence they base their decisions on. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42014006256)
Intelligent real-time monitoring of Computer Numerical Control tool wear based on a fractional-order chaotic self-synchronization system
Authors: Chen Cha’o-Kuang , Li Yu-Chung
Published: July 2018

Tool wear and damage are unavoidable in machines which operate for long periods. The main objective of this study was the prediction and understanding of tool wear ahead of time. To achieve this a real-time monitoring system was needed which incidentally also improves product yield and efficiency. Traditionally, tool wear and working life have been estimated by past experience. To monitor the state of the tool, we used a method employing fractional-order chaotic self-synchronization system matched with extension theory to analyze, extract, and measure tool vibration signals. The fractional-order Chen–Lee chaotic system was used to detect differences in micro vibrations, resulting from different degrees of tool wear, and these were introduced into the master and slave systems. The extreme changes produced by micro differences in the chaotic system, and matter element module design based on the extension theory, were used to accurately determine tool status. Chaos theory, wavelet packet analysis, and Fast Fourier transform were then used to compare the results. This method can reduce the number of sensors and the time required for real-time monitoring of expected life compared to previous determination methods where temperature and current diagnostics must be included.