bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Direct Resource Requirements of Urban Horticulture in the United Kingdom: A Citizen Science Approach
Authors: Dobson Miriam C. , Warren Philip H. , Edmondson Jill L.
Published: March 2021

Interest in urban food production is growing; recent research has highlighted its potential to increase food security and reduce the environmental impact of food production. However, resource demands of urban horticulture are poorly understood. Here, we use allotment gardens in the United Kingdom to investigate resource demands of urban horticultural production across the country. We conducted a nationwide citizen science project using year-long allotment ‘diaries’ with allotment gardeners (n = 163). We analysed a variety of resources: transportation; time; water use; inputs of compost, manure and topsoil; and inputs of fertilisers, pest control and weed control. We found that, overall, an allotment demands 87 annual visits, travelling 139 km to and from the plot; 7 fertiliser additions; 4 pest control additions; and 2 weed control additions. On average, each kilogram of food produced used 0.4 hours’ labour, 16.9 L of water, 0.2 L of topsoil, 2.2 L of manure, and 1.9 L of compost. As interest in urban horticultural production grows, and policy makers build urban horticultural spaces into future sustainable cities, it is of key importance that this is carried out in a way that minimises resource requirements, and we demonstrate here that avenues exist for the diversion of municipal compostable waste and household-level city food waste for this purpose.
Carbon-Free Energy and Sustainable Environment: The Role of Human Capital and Technological Revolutions in Attaining SDGs
Authors: Shen Hebin , Ali Syed Ahtsham , Alharthi Majed , Shah Ali Shan , Basit Khan Abdul , Abbas Qaiser , ur Rahman Saeed
Published: March 2021

During the time before the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are achieved, the international community has set goals to improve people’s lives worldwide. This is in line with the United Nations’ 2030 ambitions to strengthen and advance human society’s sustainable development. Goal number 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), goal number 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and goal number 13 (Climate Action) are highly correlated to each other. The current study investigates the role of human capital and technological innovation in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) through a carbon-free energy system. A 19-year dataset covering the years 2000−2018 for the G7 economies has been utilized by using the composite index, Multi-criteria decision analysis, and Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) methods. The study’s outcomes indicate that the human capital index and technological innovations contribute positively to SDGs in G7 economies. Both indicators also contribute positively to the carbon-free economy by contributing to carbon-free energy sources. The financial index and energy index results also indicate a positive association with the carbon-free economy in G7 nations. This study suggests policy guidelines for developed as well as for developing economies based on human capital and technological innovation to fulfill the SDGs.
Gender Differences in Knowledge, Use, and Collection of Wild Edible Plants in Three Spanish Areas
Authors: Acosta-Naranjo Rufino , Rodríguez-Franco Ramón , Guzmán-Troncoso Antonio Jesús , Pardo-de-Santayana Manuel , Aceituno-Mata Laura , Gómez-Melara José , Domínguez Pablo , Díaz-Reviriego Isabel , González-Nateras Jessica , Reyes-García Victoria
Published: March 2021

Many ethnobotanical studies have shown differences in the knowledge and practices held by men and women. Using ethnographic fieldwork, a survey, and secondary data from three different areas in Spain, this study shows a geographical pattern in women’s and men’s relations with wild edible plants. In the case studies from Southern Spain, Doñana, and Sierra Morena Extremeña, women gather less wild edible plants than men, while in the Central Spain case study, Sierra Norte de Madrid, the difference is less marked. We explain this difference through the construction and distribution of agrarian spaces, particularly with regards to land tenure type and urban centers size. In the southern cases, large agrarian properties are more prevalent than in Sierra Norte de Madrid, where common lands and small and medium properties predominate. Additionally, in Doñana, big urban agro-towns dominate, whereas in Sierra Norte de Madrid and Sierra Morena Extremeña little towns are the norm. Overall, our study suggests that gendered differences in the use of natural resources are better understood if contextualized in a large socioecological context.
Good Idea But Not Here! A Pilot Study of Swedish Tourism Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Halal Tourism
Authors: Abbasian Saeid
Published: March 2021

The following study is the first Swedish study on Halal tourism in Sweden. The purpose of this exploratory research is to get insight into the perception of Halal tourism in Sweden among representatives of tourism stakeholders. The overall methodology approach in this research is qualitative, consisting of 25 qualitative questionnaires, 21 short letters, four follow-up interviews, and a web observation, and content analysis was employed. The results indicate that there is a low knowledge of Halal tourism in Sweden including Swedish tourism industry. The concept is very challenging, and profits are low. It might result in problem scenarios such as detrimental effects on non-Halal tourism, cultural difficulties and increased risk of xenophobia, anti-Islamism, and tension in the society. There is low interest for Sweden among Muslim tourists as the interest and priority for Halal tourism is rather low from Swedish tourism industry. Despite Halal tourism’s importance internationally, these representatives are rather cautious and doubtful about promotion of Sweden towards this niche. Still, a majority seems to be positive to a lighter version of Muslim-friendly tourism with secular/moderate Muslims as a target group.
Evaluating the Effects of Biochar with Farmyard Manure under Optimal Mineral Fertilizing on Tomato Growth, Soil Organic C and Biochemical Quality in a Low Fertility Soil
Authors: Rehman Iqra , Riaz Muhammad , Ali Sajid , Arif Muhammad Saleem , Ali Shafaqat , Alyemeni Mohammed Nasser , Alsahli Abdulaziz Abdullah
Published: March 2021

Biochar amendments are widely recognized to improve crop productivity and soil biogeochemical quality, however, their effects on vegetable crops are less studied. This pot study investigated the effects of cotton stick, corncob and rice straw biochars alone and with farmyard manure (FYM) on tomato growth, soil physico–chemical and biological characteristics, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and amount of soil nutrients under recommended mineral fertilizer conditions in a nutrient-depleted alkaline soil. Biochars were applied at 0, 1.5 and 3% (w/w, basis) rates and FYM was added at 0 and 30 t ha−1 rates. Biochars were developed at 450 °C pyrolysis temperature and varied in total organic C, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents. The results showed that biochars, their amounts and FYM significantly improved tomato growth which varied strongly among the biochar types, amounts and FYM. With FYM, the addition of 3% corncob biochar resulted in the highest total chlorophyll contents (9.55 ug g−1), shoot (76.1 cm) and root lengths (44.7 cm), and biomass production. Biochars with and without FYM significantly increased soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The soil basal respiration increased with biochar for all biochars but not consistently after FYM addition. The water-extractable organic C (WEOC) and soil organic C (SOC) contents increased significantly with biochar amount and FYM, with the highest SOC found in the soil that received 3% corncob biochar with FYM. Microbial biomass C (MBC), N (MBN) and P (MBP) were the highest in corncob biochar treated soils followed by cotton stick and rice straw biochars. The addition of 3% biochars along with FYM also showed significant positive effects on soil mineral N, P and K contents. The addition of 3% corncob biochar with and without FYM always resulted in higher soil N, P and K contents at the 3% rate. The results further revealed that the positive effects of biochars on above-ground plant responses were primarily due to the improvements in below-ground soil properties, nutrients’ availability and SOC; however, these effects varied strongly between biochar types. Our study concludes that various biochars can enhance tomato production, soil biochemical quality and SOC in nutrient poor soil under greenhouse conditions. However, we emphasize that these findings need further investigations using long-term studies before adopting biochar for sustainable vegetable production systems.
E-Learning Services to Achieve Sustainable Learning and Academic Performance: An Empirical Study
Authors: Alam Mohammad Mahtab , Ahmad Naim , Naveed Quadri Noorulhasan , Patel Ayyub , Abohashrh Mohammed , Khaleel Mohammed Abdul
Published: March 2021

E-Learning has proven to be the only resort as a replacement of traditional face-to-face learning methods in the current global lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. Academic institutions across the globe have invested heavily into E-Learning and the majority of the courses offered in traditional classroom mode have been converted into E-Learning mode. The success of E-Learning initiatives needs to be ensured to make it a sustainable mode of learning. The objective of the current study is to propose a holistic E-Learning service framework to ensure effective delivery and use of E-Learning Services that contributes to sustainable learning and academic performance. Based on an extensive literature review, a proposed theoretical model has been developed and tested empirically. The model identifies a broad range of success determinants and relates them to different success measures, including learning and academic performance. The proposed model was validated with the response from 397 respondents involved with an E-Learning system in the top five public universities in the southern region of Saudi Arabia through the Partial Least Squares regression technique using SmartPLS software. Five main factors (Learner’s Quality, Instructor’s Quality, Information’s Quality, System’s Quality and Institutional Quality) were identified as a determinant of E-Learning service performance which together explains 48.7% of the variance of perceived usefulness of ELS, 71.2% of the variance of use of the E-Learning system. Perceived usefulness of ELS and use of ELS together explain 70.6% of learning and academic performance of students. Hence the framework will help achieve the sustainable and successful adoption of E-Learning services.
The Idea of Justice in Innovation: Applying Non-Ideal Political Theory to Address Questions of Sustainable Public Policy in Emerging Technologies
Authors: Papaioannou Theo
Published: March 2021

Justice as such is not a new idea. Since the time of Plato and Aristotle, justice has been conceived as a moral and political standard of how people ought to conduct themselves and relate to one another in a fair society and institutions. However, even though principles of justice and related theories have been used to provide guidance to social and political actions, technological innovation remains an area of policy and practice in which justice cannot be easily applied. This is not only due to the complex process of generating new technologies and their unpredictable impact on social relations and institutions but also to perceptions of value neutrality in the innovation process. Such perceptions make public policy difficult to sustain. Nevertheless, innovation is a human action that is guided by both ethical norms and interests and is significant for justice. Emerging technologies create opportunities for promoting justice, but at the same time, they also pose risks to injustice. This paper is of theoretical nature and aims to explain why justice needs to provide the normative direction of innovation systems and related public policy in the 21st century. Through a critical review of the literature, the paper argues that justice as such is a non-ideal standard which is significant for the legitimacy of emerging technologies and related developmental change. The normative direction of innovation systems in the 21st century depends on non-ideal principles of equity, participation, and recognition. These principles embody sustainable public-policy solutions to problems of unequal generation and diffusion of emerging technologies.
Natural Resources in Health Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Pessot Elena , Spoladore Daniele , Zangiacomi Andrea , Sacco Marco
Published: March 2021

Natural resources are recognized among the key determinants for the improvement of wellness, and thus the development and sustainability of health tourism destinations. This study applied a systematic review to investigate the contributions mapping and analyzing under different perspectives the value of the natural resources of a destination and related activities for health tourism. The main research topics identified from a review of 52 papers include the analysis and exploitation of natural resources in health tourism, the nature-based factors considered in clustering of tourists and their motivations, the development of value offer and marketing, as well as the cultural issues. Research gaps and future directions are summarized in a research agenda laying the foundations for the development of a multidisciplinary research stream focused on nature-based health tourism. Results also represent a key reference for managers and policy makers to identify key issues, areas of intervention and practices for industry development in the health tourism destinations through an effective and sustainable exploitation of natural resources.
Determination of Optimal MR&R Strategy and Inspection Intervals to Support Infrastructure Maintenance Decision Making
Authors: Yang Yingnan , Xie Hongming
Published: March 2021

In the commonly used approach to maintenance scheduling for infrastructure facilities, maintenance decisions are made under the assumptions that inspection frequency is periodical and fixed, and that the true state of a facility is revealed through inspections. This research addresses these limitations by proposing a decision-making approach for determining optimal maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MR&R) strategy and inspection intervals for infrastructure facilities that can explicitly take into account non-periodical inspections as well as previously considered periodical inspections. Four transition probabilities are proposed to represent four different MR&R strategies. Then, an optimization program is suggested to minimize MR&R and inspection costs of a bridge element network over a given time period, while keeping the condition states of the element network above a predetermined level. A case study was applied to illustrate the proposed approach. The results show that the proposal approach can support decision making in situations where non-periodical inspections and MR&R actions are incorporated into the model development. If employed properly, this may allow agencies to maintain their infrastructure more effectively, resulting in cost savings and reducing unnecessary waste of resources.
Developing a GIS-Based Decision Rule for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Site Selection: An Application of the Ordered Weighted Average Procedure
Authors: Haghshenas Elham , Gholamalifard Mehdi , Mahmoudi Nemat , Kutser Tiit
Published: March 2021

Fish consumption is on the increase due to the increase in growth of the global population. Therefore, taking advantage of new methods such as marine aquaculture can be a reliable source for the production of fish in the world. It is necessary to allocate suitable sites from environmental, economic, and social points of view in the decision-making process. In this study, in order to specify suitable areas for marine aquaculture by the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) methodology in the Caspian Sea (Iran), efforts were made to incorporate the concept of risk into the GIS-based analysis. By using the OWA-based method, a model was provided which can generate marine aquaculture maps with various pessimistic or optimistic strategies. Eighteen modeling criteria (14 factors and 4 constraints) were considered to determine the appropriate areas for marine aquaculture. This was done in 6 scenarios using multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and ordered weighted average (OWA) methodologies. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that most of the parameters affecting the marine aquaculture location in the region were as follows: Social-Economic, Water Quality, and Physical–Environmental parameters. In addition, based on Cramer’s V coefficient values for each parameter, bathymetry and distance from the coastline with the most effective and maximum temperature had the least impact on site selection of marine aquaculture. Finally, the final aggregated suitability image (FASI) of weighted linear combination (WLC) scenario was compared with existing sites for cage culture on the southern part of the Caspian Sea and the ROC (Relative Operating Characteristics) value turned out to be equal to 0.69. Although the existing sites (9 farms) were almost compatible with the results of the study, their locations can be transferred to more favorable areas with less risk and the mapping risk level can be controlled and low- or high-risk sites for marine aquaculture could be determined by using the OWA method.
Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin M1 Induce Compromised Intestinal Integrity through Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis
Authors: Gao Yanan , Bao Xiaoyu , Meng Lu , Liu Huimin , Wang Jiaqi , Zheng Nan
Published: March 2021

With the growing diversity and complexity of diet, humans are at risk of simultaneous exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which are well-known contaminants in dairy and other agricultural products worldwide. The intestine represents the first barrier against external contaminants; however, evidence about the combined effect of AFB1 and AFM1 on intestinal integrity is lacking. In vivo, the serum biochemical parameters related to intestinal barrier function, ratio of villus height/crypt depth, and distribution pattern of claudin-1 and zonula occluden-1 were significantly affected in mice exposed to 0.3 mg/kg b.w. AFB1 and 3.0 mg/kg b.w. AFM1. In vitro results on differentiated Caco-2 cells showed that individual and combined AFB1 (0.5 and 4 μg/mL) and AFM1 (0.5 and 4 μg/mL) decreased cell viability and trans-epithelial electrical resistance values as well as increased paracellular permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, AFM1 aggravated AFB1-induced compromised intestinal barrier, as demonstrated by the down-regulation of tight junction proteins and their redistribution, particularly internalization. Adding the inhibitor chlorpromazine illustrated that clathrin-mediated endocytosis partially contributed to the compromised intestinal integrity. Synergistic and additive effects were the predominant interactions, suggesting that these toxins are likely to have negative effects on human health.
Epidemiology and Genomic Analysis of Equine Encephalosis Virus Detected in Horses with Clinical Signs in South Africa, 2010–2017
Authors: Snyman Jumari , Koekemoer Otto , van Schalkwyk Antoinette , Jansen van Vuren Petrus , Snyman Louwtjie , Williams June , Venter Marietjie
Published: March 2021

Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) is a neglected virus endemic to South Africa and is considered to generally result in mild disease in equines. Specimens were analyzed from live horses that presented with undefined neurological, febrile, or respiratory signs, or sudden and unexpected death. Between 2010 and 2017, 111 of 1523 (7.3%) horse samples tested positive for EEV using a nested real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Clinical signs were reported in 106 (7.2%) EEV positive and 1360 negative horses and included pyrexia (77/106, 72.6%), icterus (20/106, 18.9%) and dyspnea (12/106, 11.3%). Neurological signs were inversely associated with EEV infection (OR < 1, p < 0.05) relative to EEV negative cases despite a high percentage of animals presenting with neurological abnormalities (51/106, 48.1%). Seventeen of the EEV positive horses also had coinfections with either West Nile (5/106, 4.7%), Middelburg (4/106, 3.8%) or African Horse sickness virus (8/106, 7.6%). To investigate a possible genetic link between EEV strains causing the observed clinical signs in horses, the full genomes of six isolates were compared to the reference strains. Based on the outer capsid protein (VP2), serotype 1 and 4 were identified as the predominant serotypes with widespread reassortment between the seven different serotypes.
Online Learning of Foreign Language Program in the Intensive Learning Class at the IAIN Padangsidimpuan Language Development Center
Authors: Amin Irsal , Siregar Khoiruddin Manahan , Minda Sri
Published: March 2021

Pandemic learning forcibly moved from face-to-face learning into online learning. It makes teachers and learning transformation students IAIN Language Development Center Padangsidimpuan get a new challenge, they must master the teaching materials and teaching strategies as well as the need to master Technology internet-based learning. This study was carried on to find out how language learning Arabic online and challenges in learning the language at the Center for Language Development IAIN Padangsidimpuan. The research method applied a qualitative descriptive study. Participants were comprised of 178 students and lecturers at IAIN Padangsidimpuan Language Development Center academic year 2019/2020. Research instruments used were questionnaires, and documents from online learning screenshots. Analysis of this study employed the technique of presenting data in a narrative that resulted in the conclusion of the study. The results of this research indicated that the applications used in language teaching at the Center for Development Language were google classroom and WhatsApp. Barriers to learning are inadequate internet networks in a student residence. The biggest challenge of online learning is the lecturer and the students did not concentrate. Moreover, smartphones used in learning provided adverse effects on eye health and lack of interest in language learning. Lack of evaluation of learning and also lack time management that has been specified. A decrease in student achievement on speaking skill due to no reciprocal process orally in the learning process of faculty to students. There is a need for a new strategy at the Center for Language Development IAIN Padangsidimpuan so that learning objectives can be achieved. Lastly, the most important thing is that the preparation of digital facilities and infrastructure in implementing online language learning.
Organic cotton fabric dyed with dyer's oak and barberry dye by microwave
irradiation and conventional methods
Authors: BUYUKAKINCI YESIM BANU , KARADAG RECEP , GUZEL EMINE TORGAN
Published: March 2021

In this work, organic cotton fabrics were dyed using barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.), dyer’s oak (Quercus infectoria
Olivier) and dyer’s oak + barberry (Quercus infectoria Olivier + Berberis vulgaris L.) by microwave irradiation and
conventional dyeing methods. They were used in equal percentages. The dyed fabrics were analyzed by different
analytical and technical methods. Colouring compounds were analyzed in the dyed fabrics, dye extractions (before
dyeing bath and after dyeing bath) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector
(HPLC-DAD). Identified coloring compounds based on the dyestuff analysis were berberine, berberine derivative,
phenolic acid, ellagic acid, ellegic acid derivatives, gallic acid and gallic acid derivative.
Colour characteristics of all the dyed fabrics were measured by CIEL*a*b* spectrophotometer and pH values were
determined by surface-pH meter. Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer
(SEM-EDX) was used for imaging and elemental analysis of the surfaces of the dyed organic cotton fabrics.
The colouristic and colour fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated and compared with each other. No
damage was observed in the fabrics dyed by the microwave and conventional dyeing methods. Almost the same colour
yields were obtained in both dyeings using different processing times.
According to the analyses and test results, microwave irradiation method is very eligible compared to conventional
dyeing methods, considering coloristic properties of dyed fabrics, time saving and the cost effectiveness wise.
Nilai Nasionalisme Dan Anti Radikalisme Dalam Pendidikan Multikultural
Authors: Cipta Prakasih Raga , Firman Firman , Rusdinal Rusdinal
Published: March 2021

Pendidikan Multikultural adalah pendekatan pembelajaran yang memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didik untuk merubah pola pikir terhadap makna kesatuan dan persatuan dalam keberagaman sebagai landasan utama sikap cinta tanah air di Indonesia. Pendidikan Multikultural sebagai alat dalam pembelajaran memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didik agar mampu berperan dalam penanaman sikap toleransi dan kerukunan di tengah masyarakat untuk mencapai masyarakat madani yang berperikemanusiaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pentingnya Pendidikan multicultural dicantumkan dalam proses Pendidikan disekolah demi tercapainya masyarakat Indonesia yang madani dan bermoral. Metode penelitian yang fokus pada upaya pendeskripsian objek yang diteliti dengan mengumpulkan informasi yang relevan dan berkaitan dengan inti permasalahan yang dibahas melalui studi pustaka.  Hasil penelitian ini yaitu nilai-nilai karakter nasionalisme dalam pendidikan multicultural dapat disertakan dalam proses belajar mengajar sehari-hari melalui penyertaan nilai-nilai sikap kebangsaan dalam setiap materi ajar pada setiap mata pelajaran. Radikalisme sebagai masalah baru dalam penanaman nilai nasionalisme perlu dipandang sebagai tantangan tersendiri dalam upaya penanaman nilai pluralisme dan kerukunan ditengah masyarakat. Penyertaan program pendidikan multikultur bernilai kebangsaan dapat didasarkan kepada lima dimensi yaitu: (1) penyesuaian konten, (2) proses penyusunan pengetahuan, (3) mereduksi prasangka, (4) kesetaraan pedagogi, serta (5) budaya dan struktur kehidupan sekolah yang membiasakan sikap toleransi.
Model Pembelajaran ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assesment, Satisfaction) Melalui Media Kartu Bergambar dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Pantun
Authors: Margawati Sri
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) Proses pembelajaran menulis pantun menggunakan model pembelajaran ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assesment, Satisfaction) dengan media kartu bergambar pada siswa kelas VII.1 SMP Negeri 5 Depok; (2) Peningkatan keterampilan menulis pantun menggunakan model pembelajaran ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assesment, Satisfaction) dengan media kartu bergambar pada siswa kelas VII.1  SMP Negeri 5  Depok; (3) Perubahan perilaku belajar siswa kelas VII.1 SMP Negeri 5 Depok  dalam mengikuti pembelajaran menulis pantun menggunakan model pembelajaran ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assesment, Satisfaction) dengan media kartu bergambar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Setiap siklus meliputi tahapan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Kumpulkan data melalui pengujian dan non-pengujian. Alat pengumpul data berupa pedoman observasi, jurnal, pedoman wawancara dan lain-lain. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat diketahui bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Evaluation, Satisfaction) dengan media kartu mitra untuk pembelajaran rhyme mengalami peningkatan yang sangat pesat. Hal tersebut terlihat dari rata-rata periode pertama sebesar 78,25. Pada Siklus II rata-rata 85,83 atau meningkat 7,58. Demikian pula dengan perilaku belajar siawa. Perilaku belajar siswa mengalami perubahan ke arah  lebih baik dari sebelumnya.
ANALISIS MELODI LAGU ANEUK YATIM CIPTAAN RAFLY KANDE
Authors: Rozak Abdul
Published: March 2021

Aneuk Yatim is a song created in 1999 by Rafly, has a message and meaning of peace in responding to issues of political upheaval in Aceh, and represents the condition of children in Aceh during the conflict. Through lyrics and melody, Rafly is able to create an atmosphere of sadness that can be felt by the community regarding the conditions and situations during the conflict. The vocals in the song Aneuk Yatim, written by Rafly, have a melodic structure and form consisting of musical ornaments, melodic travel arrangements and scales. This study describes the melody in the song Aneuk Yatim written by Rafly Kande using Western music theory. The purpose of this study is to determine the melody analysis method of pop music in Indonesia in general and regional pop music in particular. The approach taken is a qualitative approach, with descriptive analysis methods, assisted by ethical and emic approaches to facilitate the smoothness of the data search process. The selection of methods and approaches is carried out through documentation, observation, and interviews with participants. The form and structure of the melody in the song Aneuk Yatim, written by Rafly Kande, consists of two parts with a tempo of 60 bpm, each of which is divided into two sentences / periods. The sentences are arranged based on various forms of motifs, each of which has a melody and scale that is repeated in the next period / sentence with a slight change in the melody at the end of the figures (closing phrase). The scale used in this song is the Original Minor and Harmonious Minor, with sequences development techniques, diminished, and augmented. The results of this study are expected to become a reference and reference in the perspective of formal objects and material objects, related to the analysis of the form and structure of the melody, the development of melodic patterns discussed in Western music theory.
Nilai Trombosit dan Hematokrit dalam Manifestasi Perdarahan Pasien Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: Alvinasyrah Alvinasyrah
Published: March 2021

Dengue merupakan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue. Demam berdarah dengue merupakan bentuk yang lebih berat dari demam dengue dengan manifestasi klinis berupa manifestasi perdarahan, hepatomegali, dan kegagalan sirkulasi. Penurunan jumlah trombosit dan peningkatan nilai hematokrit menjadi dua tanda yang selalu muncul pada demam berdarah dengue. Tujuan literature review ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh nilai trombosit dan hematokrit terhadap timbulnya manifestasi perdarahan pada pasien demam berdarah dengue yang merupakan salah satu tanda beratnya infeksi yang terjadi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode literature review yang didapatkan dari buku dan berbagai jurnal nasional maupun internasional yang diterbitkan dari tahun 2008 hingga tahun 2019 dan berasal dari 3 buku dan 7 artikel yang dapat diakses melalui Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci trombositopenia, hematokrit, demam berdarah dengue, dan manifestasi perdarahan. Berbagai penelitian yang telah dilakukan disimpulkan bahwa nilai trombosit dapat mempengaruhi manifestasi perdarahan pada pasien demam berdarah dengue sedangkan nilai hematokrit tidak berpengaruh terhadap manifestasi perdarahan.
IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA FLAVANOID DAUN SEMBUNG (Blumea balsamifera L.)
Authors: Ruhardi Ahmad , Handoyo Sahumena Muhamad
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of flavonoids contained in the sembung leaf methanol extract. To identify the flavonoid content, Spectrophotometry UV-Vis method. Further, the analysis of methanol extract flavonoid in sembung leaves was carried out at a wavelength of 382 nm with successive absorbance values of 0.094; 0.090; 0.084. The total content of flavonoids in the sample was calculated by calibrating the absorbance value of the example with a standard linear equation of quercetin, y = 0.060 x -0.016 with a correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.997, and; the average total flavonoid content in the methanol extract of the leaves was 0.175%.
A Qualitative Assessment of a Full-Service Network Airline Sustainable Energy Management: The Case of Finnair PLC
Authors: Baxter Glenn , Srisaeng Panarat , Wild Graham
Published: March 2021

Airlines are extremely energy intensive. Around the world airlines are increasingly focusing on the environmentally sustainable energy management. Using a qualitative longitudinal case study research approach, this study examines Finnair’s sustainable energy management over the period 2010 to 2019. The airline’s major energy source is jet fuel used for the operation of the airline’s aircraft fleet and the electricity which is used to power its facilities located at Helsinki Airport. The study found that Finnair’s annual jet fuel consumption has grown throughout the study due to the airline’s route network and aircraft fleet expansion. The fuel required for ground vehicles has risen reflecting greater operational requirements due to the company’s expansion. The annual consumption of electricity and electricity for heating has displayed a general downward trend during the study period. The annual electricity per passenger has also decreased despite the large growth in passenger numbers. Finnair has increased its use of renewable energy sources for its flight and ground operations. A key energy saving strategy has been the acquisition and operation of a modern state-of-the-art, fuel efficient aircraft fleet.
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN BORANG AKREDITASI SD YPK SOTA
Authors: Fredy Fredy , Ilham Mohamad , Purwanty Ratna , Rahayu Dewi Puji
Published: March 2021

SD YPK Sota, located in the village of Sota, on the RI-PNG border, has long ended its accreditation period. The last accreditation was in 2012 with a C rating. In fact, the eight components of the national education standard have been implemented by partner schools but the documents and activity reports are not well-administered. The results of interviews with partner school principals obtained the same problem, namely the low value of each SNP component referring to the accreditation instrument. Training programs and assistance for the preparation of accreditation forms by the community service team are the solutions offered to help partner school problems. The stages of this community service program include: 1) the training stage, 2) the assistance stage for the preparation of accreditation forms, 3) the assistance stage for the fulfillment of accreditation physical documents, 4) the evaluation stage. The training in the form of providing material on the role of accreditation for the fulfillment of SNP, accreditation tools and accreditation assessment instruments was able to provide understanding to the form drafting team about the importance of school accreditation as a form of school / madrasah accountability to the public and an understanding of the procedures for drafting forms referring to Permendikbud No. 2. In 2017, the focus of the form preparation team is to fulfill every element of the assessment in the assessment instrument. Training in the fulfillment of physical documents and supporting documents provides understanding and skills to the form drafting team in preparing physical documents and supporting documents in accordance with the technical instructions and fulfillment lists that have been made previously. Training through tutorials on how to fill in accreditation forms online provides understanding and skills to the form drafting team on how to use the Sispena-S/M application (School/Madrasah Accreditation Assessment System).
Introducción. La Teoría literaria, hoy: hacia la porosidad de las fronteras
Authors: Sánchez Ungidos Guillermo
Published: March 2021

Introducción al dossier monográfico
La identidad como problema en las "Españas" de Manuel Vilas
Authors: Benson Ken , Cruz Suárez Juan Carlos
Published: March 2021

Es el propio Manuel Vilas quien en una entrevista publicada poco después de la aparición de su obra España nos hace ver que uno de los problemas de fondo que surgen de la lectura de esta obra es el de la identidad. Esta novela irónica, poliédrica y fragmentada se convierte en un claro ejercicio literario e intelectual destinado, entre otras cosas, a explorar los límites de una identidad social y cultural compleja. Esa complejidad se sostiene sobre múltiples variantes, todas parte a su vez de la manera en la que se ha construido el espacio sociocultural de la España surgida después de la Transición, y por tanto, como hija de esta. España –la novela– es un claro ejemplo de la manera en la que los discursos literarios generan, a través de la elección de una forma concreta, una suerte de écfrasis –de proceso intermedial– a través de la cual divisamos las distintas caras de ese mismo proceso de construcción sociocultural, es decir, la misma manera en la que se genera una visión de España como modelo de país y de cultura.
Induktive Sensorlösungen für die Sicherheit von Maschinen
Authors: Wirth Thomas
Published: March 2021

Irren ist sicher menschlich, aber auch Maschinen sind nicht vor Fehlfunktionen gefeit, sei es aufgrund von defekten Komponenten, altersschwachen Bauteilen oder steuerungsseitigen Fehlern. Spezielle Sicherheitstechnik hat die Aufgabe, sowohl Menschen als auch Maschinen vor Schäden jeglicher Art zu bewahren und die Auflagen der Maschinenrichtlinie zu erfüllen. Mit seinen neuen induktiven Sicherheitssensoren leistet Pepperl+Fuchs einen hervorragenden Beitrag dazu, Anlagenbetreibern das Leben zu erleichtern. Aufbau, Konzept und das induktive Wirkprinzip der neuen Sensoren sorgen für hohe Zuverlässigkeit und erlauben beispielsweise Prüfintervalle von zwei Monaten statt täglicher Überprüfungen.
Clinchen unter Strom
Authors: Matzke Marcus
Published: March 2021

Das Clinchen ist als hocheffiziente Verbindungstechnik schon lange bewährt. Ein Vorteil der druckknopfähnlichen unlösbaren Fügeverbindung wird im Zuge der Elektrifizierung des Automobils zunehmend zum Tragen kommen: die im Vergleich zu anderen Fügeverfahren überragende elektrische Leitfähigkeit. Doch einige Bedingungen müssen erfüllt sein, damit das Clinchen optimal bei elektrischen Baugruppen eingesetzt werden kann.
Gegenmaßnahmen bei Leckageauftritt von Radialwellendichtringen im instationären Betrieb/Leakage Prevention for Radial Shaft Seals Used in Instationary Conditions
Authors: Thielen Stefan , Aghdasi Amirhossein , Sauer Bernd
Published: March 2021

Inhalt Anwendungen mit hochdynamischen Rotations- bewegungen, hohen Wellenbeschleunigungen und Dreh- richtungswechseln – z. B. bei Roboterpositioniersystemen – nehmen verstärkt zu. Das Verhalten von Radialwellendicht- ringen (RWDR) unter solchen instationären Bedingungen ist aktuell noch nicht ausreichend erforscht und verstanden. So kommt es in der Praxis bei solchen Anwendungen regelmäßig zu Leckage, die besonders bei der Verarbeitung von Lebensmitteln sehr kritisch ist. Daher wurden am Lehrstuhl für Maschinenelemente und Getriebetechnik (MEGT) der TU Kaiserslautern die Ursachen für den Leckageauftritt bei instationärem Betrieb untersucht und es wurden eine Reihe praktischer Gegenmaßnahmen zur Leckagevermeidung erarbeitet.
Lichtleitende Polymerfasern
Authors: Kallweit Jan , Pätzel Mark , Gries Thomas
Published: March 2021

Die lichttechnische Auslegung nimmt in der heutigen Zeit einen entscheidenden Anteil für Design und Konstruktion in Massenmärkten ein. Durch lichtleitende Fasern kommt der Textiltechnik dabei eine entscheidende Bedeutung in diesem Bereich zu.
Lithium-Ionen-Batterien mithilfe von Transportsystemen montieren
Authors: Klingauf Wolfgang
Published: March 2021

Das Gewicht einbaufertiger Batterien für E-Stapler kann bis zu drei Tonnen betragen. Um deren Montage mitarbeiterfreundlich und wirtschaftlich zu gestalten, setzt BMZ (Batterien Montage Zentrum) auf spezielle Transportsysteme. Durch ihre bodennahe Installation sowie die Kombination von Transportwagen, Werkstück- und Materialträger erfüllen diese die Anforderungen des Batterieherstellers bestens.
Fundraising for Government: Unpacking the Structure and Relationship of Government-Supporting Nonprofit Partnerships
Authors: Fernandez Kandyce
Published: March 2021

Government-supporting nonprofits (GSNs) are 501(c)(3) organizations established in connection with a government agency to fundraise and support their mission. To date, little is known about the structural and substantive relationships that occur in this exclusive partnership. Applying the GSN model to public education in Florida, this study looks at data collected from 18 local education foundations (LEFs) and their school district partners. Interviews suggest that different structural models influence the relationships between the two organizations along the following dimensions: attention, successive engagement, resource infusion, and organizational identity. Even though LEFs exist to support their school district, they also aim to establish a separate identity to be able to fundraise and carry out a more community-based role. Through this research, a framework is proposed for studying the structural and partnership dimensions of government-supporting nonprofits. We conclude with a discussion on future research and relevant considerations for government agencies with a supporting nonprofit.
Pain Improvement After Healing Touch and Massage in Breast Cancer: an Observational Retrospective Study
Authors: Gentile, PhD Danielle , Boselli, MS Danielle , Yaguda, MSN,RN Susan , Greiner, PhD, PA-C Rebecca , Bailey-Dorton, MD, MSPH Chasse
Published: March 2021

Background: Healing Touch (HT) and Oncology Massage (OM) are nonpharmacologic pain interventions, yet a comparative effectiveness study has not been conducted for pain in breast cancer. Purpose: This breast cancer subgroup analysis compared the effectiveness of HT vs. OM on pain. Setting: The research occurred at an outpatient setting at an academic hybrid, multi-site, community-based cancer institute and Department of Supportive Oncology across four regional locations. Participants: Breast cancer outpatients along the cancer continuum who experienced routine clinical, nonexperimentally manipulated HT or OM. Research Design: The study was an observational, retrospective, comparative effectiveness post hoc subanalysis of a larger dataset. Patients reporting pain < 2 were excluded. Pre- and posttherapy pain scores and differences were calculated. Logistic regression modeled posttherapy pain by modality, adjusting for pretherapy pain. The proportions experiencing ? 2-point (clinically significant) pain reduction were compared with chi-square tests. Intervention: The study focused on the first session of either HT or OM. Main Outcome Measures: Pre- and posttherapy pain (range: 0 = no pain to 10 = worst possible pain). Results: A total of 407 patients reported pre- and posttherapy pain scores, comprised of 233 (57.3%) who received HT and 174 (42.8%) who received OM. Pretherapy mean pain was higher in HT (M=5.1, ± 2.3) than OM (M=4.3, ± 2.1) (p < .001); posttherapy mean pain remained higher in HT (M=2.7, ± 2.2) than OM (M=1.9, ± 1.7) (p < .001). Mean difference in pain reduction was 2.4 for both HT and OM. Both HT (p < .001) and OM (p < .001) were associated
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR EVALUATION OF ARCTIC SOIL DEGRADATION AND ITS POTENTIAL TO REMEDIATION
Authors: Smirnova Tatiana S. , Mazlova Elena A. , Kulikova Olga A. , Ostrovkin Ilya M. , Gonopolsky Adam M. , Cheloznova Kristina V.
Published: March 2021

In recent years, significant efforts have been made to accelerate the economic development of the Arctic zone, leading to intense environmental pollution of this region, accompanied by the significant impact of accumulated environmental damage in the region. The solution to these problems is difficult due to the remoteness of these areas and severe climatic conditions. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the potential for restoration of arctic soils. For this purpose, various indicators are used, including biological ones. In the analyzed arctic soil samples, high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (up to 47,000 mg/kg) and chloride-ions (0.10–0.14 wt %) were established. Microbioassay demonstrated a presence of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms: Penicillium, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas oleovorans. A low enzymatic activity and specific Arctic climate point out a low self-restoration ability of the soil, demonstrated the need for its remediation. The microbioassay with microbial strains identification and soil remediation methods suitable for the Arctic zone were recommended.
Possible Evidence of Hydrogen Emission in the First-overtone and Multimode RR Lyrae Variables
Authors: Duan 段 Xiao-Wei 晓苇 , Chen 陈 Xiao-Dian 孝钿 , Deng 邓 Li-Cai 李才 , Yang 杨 Fan 帆 , Liu 刘 Chao 超 , Bhardwaj Anupam , Zhang 张 Hua-Wei 华伟
Published: March 2021

The nature of shock waves in nonfundamental mode RR Lyrae stars remains a mystery because of limited spectroscopic observations. We apply a pattern recognition algorithm on spectroscopic data from SDSS and LAMOST and report the first evidence of hydrogen emission in first-overtone (RRc) and multimode (RRd) RR Lyrae stars showing the “first apparition,” which is the most prominent observational characteristic of shock in RR Lyrae variables. We find 10 RRc stars in SDSS, 10 RRc stars in LAMOST, and 3 RRd stars in LAMOST that show blueshifted Balmer emissions. The emission features possibly indicate the existence of shock waves. We calculate the radial velocities of the emission lines, which are related to the physical conditions occurring in the radiative zone of shock waves. Using photometric observations from ZTF, we present a detailed light-curve analysis for the frequency components in one of our RRd stars with hydrogen emission, RRdl3, for possible modulations. With the enormous volume of upcoming spectral observations of variable stars, our study raises the possibility of connecting the unexplained Blazhko effect to shock waves in nonfundamental mode RR Lyrae stars.
Construction of Explicit Symplectic Integrators in General Relativity. II. Reissner–Nordström Black Holes
Authors: Wang Ying , Sun Wei , Liu Fuyao , Wu Xin
Published: March 2021

In a previous paper, second- and fourth-order explicit symplectic integrators were designed for a Hamiltonian of the Schwarzschild black hole. Following this work, we continue to trace the possibility of construction of explicit symplectic integrators for a Hamiltonian of charged particles moving around a Reissner–Nordström black hole with an external magnetic field. Such explicit symplectic methods are still available when the Hamiltonian is separated into five independently integrable parts with analytical solutions as explicit functions of proper time. Numerical tests show that the proposed algorithms share desirable properties in their long-term stability, precision, and efficiency for appropriate choices of step size. For the applicability of one of the new algorithms, the effects of black hole’s charge, the Coulomb part of the electromagnetic potential and the magnetic parameter on the dynamical behavior are surveyed. Under some circumstances, the extent of chaos becomes strong with an increase of the magnetic parameter from a global phase-space structure. No variation of the black hole’s charge other than the Coulomb part affects the regular and chaotic dynamics of the particles’ orbits. A positive Coulomb part more easily induces chaos than a negative one.