bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low and Mid-rise hybrid CLT Infilled Steel Moment Resisting Frames Displacement Based Design and application advantages
Authors: mirzazadah ainullah , Sabbagh-Yazdi Saeed-Reza
Published: August 2022

Recently, a novel hybrid structure has been developed as an alternative lateral-load resisting system at The University of British Columbia. The hybrid structure includes Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) shear panels as an infill in steel moment-resisting frames (SMRFs). To increase the suitability of the suggested system, first in this paper types of hybridization for timber-steel structures are discussed. In the second step, an iterative design method is expanded and formulated for a hybrid timber-steel structure. The iterative design procedure comprises the following primary modeling variables: the gap between CLT panel and steel frame, bracket spacing, panel thickness and strength, and post-yield stiffness ratio. Later, the design displacement profile is developed by allocating primary relative strength between the CLT wall and frame component. This profile is then applied to acquire the distinctive of an equivalent single degree of freedom (SDOF) system. A mathematical term for the system ductility is formulated based on the proportions of the overturning moment resistance of the CLT wall and SMRF. A determined equivalent viscous damping-ductility relationship is applied to get the energy dissipation of the equivalent SDOF system. In the third study, A new reiterative direct displacement-based design method SMRFs with CLT-infill walls has been expanded and analytically confirmed by designing 3-, 6-, and 9-story hybrid buildings primary shear proportions between the wall and frame are allocated at the start of the design process. The system ductility and equivalent viscous damping are clearly accounted.
Leveraging state-of-the-art engines for large-scale data analysis in High Energy Physics
Authors: Padulano Vincenzo Eduardo , Kabadzhov Ivan Donchev , Saavedra Enric Tejedor , Alonso-Jordá Pedro
Published: August 2022

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has generated a vast amount of information from physics events, reaching peaks of TB of data per day which are then sent to large storage facilities. Traditionally, data processing workflows in the High Energy Physics (HEP) field have leveraged grid computing resources. In this context, users have been responsible for manually parallelising the analysis, sending tasks to computing nodes and aggregating the partial results. Analysis environments in this field have had a common building block in the ROOT software framework. This is the de facto standard tool for storing, processing and visualising HEP data. ROOT offers a modern analysis tool called RDataFrame, which can parallelise computations from a single machine to a distributed cluster while hiding most of the scheduling and result aggregation complexity from users. This is currently done by leveraging Apache Spark as the distributed execution engine, but other alternatives are being explored by HEP research groups. Notably, Dask has rapidly gained popularity thanks to its ability to interface with batch queuing systems, widespread in HEP grid computing facilities. Furthermore, future upgrades of the LHC are expected to bring a dramatic increase in data volumes. This paper presents a novel implementation of the Dask backend for the distributed RDataFrame tool in order to address the aforementioned future trends. The scalability of the tool with both the new backend and the already available Spark backend is demonstrated for the first time on more than two thousand cores, testing a real HEP analysis.
Fabrication of DTC-g-PE-DA@GO@PU chelator for extraction of heavy metals from e-waste
Authors: Jalili Mahrokh , Mokhtari Mehdi , Teimouri Fahimeh , Aali Rahim , Abedi Mohammad , Salmani Mohammad Hosein
Published: August 2022

In this study, mill polyurethane was functionalized for use in the sequential recovery of precious and toxic metals from electronic waste as a solution containing a mixture of metals and elements. For this purpose, graphene oxide (GO), polyethylene imine-dopamine, and dithiocarbamate were used to create functional groups on the outer surface of the Millipolyurethane. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphology and activation of Millipolyurethane sites and to examine the characteristics of the cavities after exposure to acidic solutions during functionalization steps. Raw and functional Millipolyurethane functional groups were evaluated using FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETER (FTIR). The results showed that the cavities in functionalized Millipolyurethane were 100 to 200 μm in size and the changes in the surface to volume ratio were appropriate. Also, the N-H bond was related to the first type of amine in 3297.26 cm-1, and double bond C = N in 1640.5 cm-1 was specified. Due to double bond existence and its activation, this factor can bond with other elements, including metals. Sulfonic bonds (S = O) at 1337 cm-1 indicate the presence of sulfur bases combined with alkyl and aryl, which can bond with OH, which eventually converts to sulfonic acid. Under these conditions, the exchange of metal ions by the sulfonic base is also expected. Given the presence of such bands in the FTIR spectrum obtained from raw PU, it can be concluded that PU functionalization has been performed properly. Metals can bind to existing functional groups that form the solid-metal phase complex (MS), which is very effective in removing it from the aqueous solution, and the process of metal recovery and complex formation with them is maintained to the desired level. Open cavities and high porosity, especially in functionalized PU samples, are well illustrated by electron imagery, which provides a high level of metal recovery.
Comprehensive analysis to long non-coding RNA-mediated high expression of GNG5 correlates with better prognosis and tumor immune infiltration of colon carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Bo , Wang Han , Tang Weizhong
Published: August 2022

Background
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths, and prognosis is poor and the majority of patients are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease.Increasing evidence suggests GNG5 play key roles in several types of human cancer, The key gating mechanisms in colorectal cancer remails unkown.
Methods
In this study, Pan-cancer analyses have been performed for GNG5’s expressionon and prognosis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data and found that GNG5 might be activated oncogenes in CRC.Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play increasingly appreciated gene-regulatory roles and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contributing to GNG5 overexpression were identified by a combination in silico computational analyses, we determine candidate regulators controlling colon carcinoma survival analysis and correlation analysis.
Results
The SNHG4/DRAIC-let-7c-5p axis was identifiedas the most potential upstream lncRNA-related pathway of GNG5 in CRC.GNG5 level was significantly positively correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration, immune cell biomarkers and immune checkpoint expression.
Conclusions
Our findings elucidated that lncRNAs-mediated downregulation of GNG5 correlated with better prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in colorectal cancer.
Agaricus subrufescens fermented rye affects the development of intestinal microbiota, local intestinal and innate immunity in suckling-to-nursery pigs
Authors: Wen Caifang , Geervliet Mirelle , de Vries Hugo , Fabà Lluís , den Petra J.Roubos-van , Skovgaard Kerstin , Savelkoul Huub F. J. , Schols Henk , Wells Jerry M. , Tijhaar Edwin , Smidt Hauke
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAgaricus subrufescens is considered as one of the most important culinary-medicinal mushrooms around the world. It has been widely suggested to be used for the development of functional food ingredients to promote human health ascribed to the various properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities). In this context, the interest in Agaricus subrufescens based feed ingredients as alternatives for antibiotics has also been fuelled during an era of reduced/banned antibiotics use. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a fermented feed additive -rye overgrown with mycelium (ROM) of Agaricus subrufescens - on pig intestinal microbiota, mucosal gene expression and local and systemic immunity during early life. Piglets received ROM or a tap water placebo (Ctrl) perorally every other day from day 2 after birth until 2 weeks post-weaning. Eight animals per treatment were euthanized and dissected on days 27, 44 and 70.ResultsThe results showed ROM piglets had a lower inter-individual variation of faecal microbiota composition before weaning and a lower relative abundance of proteobacterial genera in jejunum (Undibacterium and Solobacterium) and caecum (Intestinibacter and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG_001) on day 70, as compared to Ctrl piglets. ROM supplementation also influenced gut mucosal gene expression in both ileum and caecum on day 44. In ileum, ROM pigs showed increased expression of TJP1/ZO1 but decreased expression of CLDN3, CLDN5 and MUC2 than Ctrl pigs. Genes involved in TLR signalling (e.g., TICAM2, IRAK4 and LY96) were more expressed but MYD88 and TOLLIP were less expressed in ROM pigs than Ctrl animals. NOS2 and HIF1A involved in redox signalling were either decreased or increased in ROM pigs, respectively. In caecum, differentially expressed genes between two groups were mainly shown as increased expression (e.g., MUC2, PDGFRB, TOLLIP, TNFAIP3 and MYD88) in ROM pigs. Moreover, ROM animals showed higher NK cell activation in blood and enhanced IL-10 production in ex vivo stimulated MLN cells before weaning.ConclusionsCollectively, these results suggest that ROM supplementation in early life modulates gut microbiota and (local) immune system development. Consequently, ROM supplementation may contribute to improving health of pigs during the weaning transition period and reducing antibiotics use.*Caifang Wen and Mirelle Geervliet contributed equally to this work.
Incidence rate and clinical characteristics of acute endophthalmitis following 23- gauge pars plana vitrectomy using recycled single-use equipment
Authors: Hosseini Seyedehmaryam , Daraee Ghazale , Shoeibi Naser , Bakhtiari Elham , Ansariastaneh Mohammadreza , Abrishami Mojtaba , Shariati Mehrdad Motamed
Published: August 2022

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated the incidence and clinical characteristics of post- vitrectomy acute endophthalmitis, while as a developing country for economic reasons we have to use recycled single-use vitrectomy tools. Methods: Data were obtained by reviewing the patient’s medical records who underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPvitx) from September 2011 to March 2017 retrospectively. We excluded patients who had any ocular surgery in the past 6 months, immunocompromised patients, and patients with a pre-operative diagnosis of endophthalmitis. The main outcome was defined as the incidence of acute post-pars plana vitrectomy endophthalmitis.Results: Out of 6474 cases who underwent PPvitx, 12 cases of endophthalmitis (incidence rate of 0.18%) were identified. We found two positive cultures for staphylococcus epidermidis and one positive culture for staphylococcus aureus. Based on the medical records of the patients, nine patients (75%) had diabetes and 1 (8.3%) had hypertension.Conclusion: Reuse of surgical instruments (despite standard sterilization protocols) could be a risk factor for higher rates of endophthalmitis after PPvitx in this study.
TCF-1 regulates NKG2D expression on CD8 T cells during anti-tumor responses
Authors: Harris Rebecca , Mammadli Mahinbanu , Hiner Shannon , Suo Liye , Yang Qi , Sen Jyoti Misra , Karimi Mobin
Published: August 2022

Cancer immunotherapy relies on improving T cell effector functions against malignancies, but despite the identification of several key transcription factors (TFs), the biological functions of these TFs are not entirely understood. We developed and utilized a novel, clinically relevant murine model to dissect the functional properties of crucial T cell transcription factors during antitumor responses. Our data showed that TCF-1 suppresses surface NKG2D expression on naïve and activated CD8 T cells via key transcriptional factors Eomes and T-bet.Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we uncovered how TCF-1 regulatescritical molecules responsible for peripheral CD8 T cell effector functions. Finally, our unique genetic and molecular approaches proved that TCF-1 also differentially regulates essential kinases. These kinases, including LCK, LAT, ITK, PLC-g1, P65, ERKI/II, and JAK/STATs, are required for peripheral CD8 T cell persistent function during alloimmunity. Overall, our molecular and bioinformatics data demonstrate the mechanism by which TCF-1 modulatedseveral critical aspects of T cell function during CD8 T cell response to cancer.
Evaluation of publication bias for 12 clinical trials of molnupiravir to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in 13,694 patients
Authors: Lawrence Jack , Mirchandani Manya , Hill Andrew
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) acquired the global licensing rights for molnupiravir. MSD allowed Indian manufacturers to produce the drug under voluntary license. Indian companies conducted local clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of molnupiravir.
Methods
Searches of the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI) were conducted to find registered trials of molnupiravir in India. Subsequent investigations were performed to assess which clinical trials had been presented or published.
Results
According to the CTRI, 12 randomised trials of molnupiravir were conducted in India, in 13,694 patients, starting in late May 2021. By July 2022, none of the 12 trials has been published, one was presented at a medical conference, and two were announced in press releases suggesting failure of treatment. Results from three trials were shared with the World Health Organisation. One of these three trials had many unexplained results, with effects of treatment significantly different from the MSD MOVE-OUT trial in a similar population.
Discussion
The lack of results runs counter to established practices and leaves a situation where approximately 90% of the global data on molnupiravir has not been published in any form. Access to patient-level databases is required to investigate risks of bias or medical fraud.
Optimism Persists when Walking in Unpredictable Environments
Authors: Bucklin Mary , Deol Jasjit , Brown Geoffrey , Perreault Eric , Gordon Keith
Published: August 2022

Humans continuously modulate their control strategies during walking based on their ability to anticipate disturbances. However, how people adapt and use motor plans to create stable walking in unpredictable environments is not well understood. Our purpose was to investigate how people adapt motor plans when walking in a novel and unpredictable environment. We evaluated the whole-body center of mass (COM) trajectory of participants as they performed repetitions of a discrete goal-directed walking task during which a laterally-directed force field was applied to the COM. The force field was proportional in magnitude to forward walking velocity and randomly directed towards either the right or left each trial. We hypothesized that people would adapt a control strategy to reduce the COM lateral deviations created by the unpredictable force field. In support of our hypothesis, we found that with practice the magnitude of COM lateral deviation was reduced by 28% (left) and 44% (right). Participants adapted two distinct unilateral strategies that collectively created a bilateral resistance to the unpredictable force field. These strategies included an anticipatory postural adjustment to resist against forces applied to the left, and a more lateral first step to resist against forces applied to the right. In addition, during catch trials when the force field was unexpectedly removed, participants exhibited trajectories similar to baseline trials. These findings were consistent with an impedance control strategy that provides a robust resistance to unpredictable perturbations. However, we also found evidence that participants made predictive adaptations in response to their immediate experience that persisted for three trials. Due to the unpredictable nature of the force field, this predictive strategy would sometimes result in greater lateral deviations when the prediction was incorrect. The presence of these competing control strategies may have long term benefits by allowing the nervous system to identify the best overall control strategy to use in a novel environment.
Heat loads analysis and creation of a uniform model for commercial refrigeration equipment calculation
Authors: Konstantinov Ivan , Khmelniuk Mykhailo , Ostapenko Oleksii , Talibli Ruslan , Yakovleva Olga
Published: August 2022

The global commercial refrigeration equipment market size was valued at USD 33.53 billion in 2020. It is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2 % from 2021 to 2028. Furthermore, factors such as regulatory pressures, shift to lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants, technological breakthroughs, and the ability to cater to the ever-changing consumer behaviors are also anticipated to create promising growth opportunities for the market. Environmental issues related to high GWP refrigerants, including global warming and ozone depletion, are compelling commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturers to seek alternatives. The rising demand for advancements in technologies that can help reduce hazardous gas emissions has led to the market participants increasingly equipping their products with modern and magnetic refrigeration systems. Apart from this, these systems improve the energy efficiency of refrigeration equipment, bringing down the cost of operation.

The analysis of the structure and heat loads of the commercial freezer with monitoring of temperature distribution on the body of heat-insulating fences and in the internal volume during operation of the system is carried out. The heat loads on the body depending on the structure of the freezer are substantiated on the example of the M400S commercial freezer model. The obtained results allow to significantly reduce the time of selection and calculation of the dimensions of a given model range of equipment for product storage, by developing a standard calculation taking into account the climatic class in which the equipment will be used, and taking into account experimental data obtained during the experiment
Heat transfer analysis cabinet-type ERK solar dryer machine for drying agricultural products
Authors: Ruhiat Yayat , Guntara Yudi
Published: August 2022

The Cabinet-type ERK solar dryer is manufactured by a temperature distribution process so that the temperature inside the appliance is well distributed. The cabinet-type ERK solar dryer comprises several components to maintain the water content, including a drying oven, air blower, heat-resistant pipe, hot water pump, thermostat, heat exchanger, and heater. These tools are used to convert heat radiation into conduction or convection so that the dried agricultural products' water content is relatively low. The data needed to show the quality of the tool include temperature on temperature received by the wall (Tw), absorbent plate (Tp) and room temperature (Tr). And as for other supporting data including the environmental air/ ambient temperature (Ta) and solar irradiation (I) for optimal tool usage time.

The experiment results for 5.5 hours, as many as 23 measurements with time interval 15 minutes, obtained a relatively unchanged temperature distribution. During that time, the average temperature received by the wall (Tw) was 41.26 °C, while the middle plate temperature (Tp) was 40.65 °C and room temperature (Tr) was 40.71 °C. Thus, the temperature in the Cabinet-type ERK solar dryer is well distributed. The distribution percentage between wall temperature and plate temperature is 98.52 %, while wall temperature and room temperature are 98.67 %. The result indicates that the Cabinet-type ERK solar dryer is potential as a drying device for agricultural commodities. It is hoped that the Cabinet-type ERK solar dryer will be an alternative to a drying system that can improve the quality of agricultural commodities for farmers in Indonesia
Development of free water knock-out tank by using internal heat exchanger for heavy crude oil
Authors: Ismail Ismail , Mulyanto Ambar Tri , Rahman Reza Abdu
Published: August 2022

Reactivation of an old oil well can be explicitly calculated to maximize crude oil production. The biggest challenge with the activation process is the crude oil content in old wells, which is not feasible to meet the specified minimum standards. In the case of the Bunian oil field, Indonesia, the crude oil produced has high water content. It causes a decrease in the quality of production and also hinders production capacity. The production scheme applied to the Bunian field has a storage tank that functions to reduce water content using the gravity method, but this is less effective. Let’s modify the storage tank into a heat exchanger tank through the engineering design process and labeled it as a free water knockout tank (FWKO). The FWKO is made of a multi-pass tube heat exchanger. The experiments are conducted through three phases’ tests before deciding the final design. From the test, the change in water content is varied with temperature differences of the working fluid and crude oil. The lowest water content is obtained at 0.5 % at final tests. After analyzing the characteristic of each test result, the final design is taken by adjusting the suitable working fluid temperature and pressure. Finally, by using suitable parameters, the average water content of crude oil is decreased up to the minimum requirement (<0.1 %). The design of FWKO is considered simple with an excellent performance and can adapted easily. The FWKO able to process crude oil with water content <20 %, where it suitable for waxy oil well. The working fluid can be processed both in liquid and gas state. Furthermore, the heating source for the working fluid is gained from the gas flare by using thermic heater. Thus, it does not require an extra heating source for the heat exchanger
Theoretical approach for Fe(II/III) and its chlorophyll-related complexes as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Faiz Mohamad Rodhi , Widhiyanuriyawan Denny , Siswanto Eko , Razak Fazira Ilyana Abdul , Wardana I Nyoman Gede
Published: August 2022

Dye is the key to the efficiency of harvesting solar energy in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dye performances such as light absorption, electron injection, and electron regeneration depend on the dye molecule structure. To predict it, one needs to compute the optimized molecule geometry, HOMO level, LUMO level, electron density distribution, energy gaps, and dipole moment in the ground and excited state. Chlorophyll-related chlorin and porphyrin, as well as their κ2O,O’ complexes with Fe(II/III), were investigated with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) computations using the B3LYP method and def2-TZVP basis set. NPA charges also were calculated to know the valence of the metal cations exactly. In general, the calculations show that the metal cations introduced occupied d orbitals with lower oxidation potentials than the chlorophyll ligand orbitals, which are responsible for the emergence of additional absorption bands. The states result in effective band broadening and the redshift of spectrum absorbance that is expected to improve DSSC performance.

Another requirement that has to be possessed is the ability of electron regeneration, electron injection, and dipole moment. The Fe(II) complex has fulfilled these requirements, but not the Fe(III) complex due to having a low electron injection capability. However, this work has shown that Fe(III) complex exhibits a non-innocence ligand. It results in trivalent to divalent state change, in the appearance of a ligand radical cation, an extra hole, and a broader absorption spectrum. It also can affect its other electronic properties, such as electron injection capability. Thus, it can be considered an attractive candidate for the sensitizer in DSSCs
The impact of initial public offering (IPO) attributes, firm-level characteristics and ownership on Malaysian IPO firms’ earnings management
Authors:   Department of Banking and Finance, School of Accountancy and Finance, Waziri Umar Federal Polytechnic, Birnin–Kebbi, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Kalgo Sani Hussaini , Nahar Hairul Suhaimi ,   Department of Accounting, College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University, 123, Al Khoud, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, Noordin Bany Ariffin Amin ,   School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: August 2022

The paper investigates Malaysian Initial Public Offering (IPO) firms’ financial reporting behaviour from the specific perspective of their earnings management (EM) practices covering both real (REM) and accrual (AEM) techniques. It further examines the impact of unique IPO attributes, firm level characteristics and ownership structure on both EM practices contemporaneously. Using the established and commonly used EM models to measure both AEM and REM for IPO firms from 2002 to 2013, the results indicate that IPO firms engage in both EM strategies around the corporate event. It also shows that such strategies are not just opportunistically motivated but attributable to several unique IPO attributes, firm level characteristics and ownership variables. The paper adds to the existing body of knowledge on IPO in the specific emerging country context of Malaysia which evidence from prior studies are observably scant.
Are Korea individual investors irrational in initial public offering (IPO) market? An explanation from the winner’s curse perspective
Authors:   School of Business, Seowon University, 377-3, Mooshimseo ro, Seowon gu, Cheongju 28674, South Korea, Min Jae Hoon
Published: August 2022

Individual investors are often regarded as irrational sentiment investors whose investment behaviour is affected by psychological factors. This study measures the actual investment return of individual investors who participated in initial price offering (IPO) stock investment in the Korean market from the short-term and long-term perspective and investigates the relationship with IPO characteristics that affect the investment sentiment of individual investors. Even though the underpricing of IPO stocks on the first day of listing on average reached 31% over the past 13 years, individual investors in the Korean stock market earned very little actual return on IPO stock investment. The market-adjusted return on IPO stock investment on the first day was about −0.5%, and even if they held IPO stocks for one year after listing, it was only 3.4%. The so-called winner’s curse, in which individual investors are allocated relatively many overvalued stocks appears to be present in the Korean IPO market. The allocation of IPO stocks by individual investors depends on several factors that reflect individual investors’ sentiment, such as past performance of previous IPOs, past industrial returns, institutional investors’ investment intent, offering size, an upward revision of the offer price, and issuing firm’s financial soundness. It was found that the higher the individual allocation rate, the lower the short-term investment return on the first trading day, confirming the winner’s curse risk of individual investors. However, in the long run, a reversal of returns was observed, in which the long-term returns of IPO stocks with high individual allocation rates rose. In order to mitigate the winner’s curse risk, it is desirable to reform IPO pricing mechanisms and allocation rules in a way that reduces the asymmetry of information between institutional and individual investors and reflects the subscription demand of individual investors.
Valuation effect of corporate name change in Chinese technology stocks
Authors:   School of Economics and Management, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia, Hui Li , Tan Yeng May ,   School of Economics and Management, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: August 2022

Each year, hundreds of firms change names in China. A corporate name change is an expensive proposition. Hence, one may wonder whether investors truly reward such corporate actions. This study examines the short-term valuation effect of corporate name changes for China technology stocks. We classify the nature of name changes into the concept vs. non-concept related name changes and strategic vs. cosmetic name changes. In addition to the nature of name change, we also examine the effect of market sentiment on the name change of technology companies’ values. Our findings reveal that firms with concept-related name changes and strategic name changes generate significantly positive cumulative abnormal returns on the announcement date. However, the same outcome cannot be achieved in the pre- and post-event periods. Our results further show that investors of Chinese tech stocks are not influenced by their sentiment, suggesting that investors are bounded rational in China.
Emerging Contaminants in Sediments as Markers of Anthropogenic Inputs in Santos Estuarine System: Analytical Method and Occurrence Data
Authors: Chaves Marisa , Barbosa Sergiane , Primel Ednei , Castro Ítalo
Published: August 2022

The occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in the aquatic systems under influence of urban areas have been considered as an environmental marker of anthropogenic contamination. In this study 10 ECs were investigated in sediment samples from Santos Bay using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method with determination by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method showed acceptable accuracy (51-116%) and precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 9), limits of quantification in ng g-1 levels and matrix effect lower than 29%. Environmental occurrence of benzophenone-3, caffeine, ketoconazole and triclocarban was detected in two campaigns (2015 and 2019), with concentrations ranging from < 1 to 470 ng g-1. Caffeine and triclocarban were the most abundant target chemicals occurring in up to 71 and 100% of the sample point, respectively. The results indicated that ECs in sediment samples came from diffused sources as the discharge of treated and untreated sewage in the estuary.
Flood inundation mapping under climate change scenarios in the Boyo watershed of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Edamo Muluneh Legesse , Ukumo Tigistu Yisihak , Lohani Tarun Kumar , Mirani Kinfe Bereda , Ayele Mesfin Amaru
Published: August 2022

This research aims to map flood inundated areas under changing climate in the Boyo watershed of Southern Ethiopia. A semi-distributed physically based Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) were used to simulate the flood events and maps, respectively, for climate scenarios. The bias-corrected data of four climate models were used for the baseline (1976–2005), mid-term (2041–2070) and long-term (2071–2100) cycles under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The 50- and 100-year return period flood events were generated from the baseline and future period streamflow data. The HEC-RAS model was used to simulate the inundation areas and depths from the flood events. The result exhibited that the average annual rainfall and maximum and minimum temperatures of the catchment will increase in the future with an increase in annual runoff. The severity of annual floods would increase in the future under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Approximately, 193 ha of the study may be flooded with flood events having a return period of 100 years under the RCP8.5 scenario in the long-term period, which is an extreme case. The result is a benchmark to reduce the flood risk and management of floodplains in this watershed.
Quantifying the significance of basin parameters and hydro-climatic factors to water and sediment yields across spatio-temporal scales in mountainous river Basin, Sikkim
Authors: Lepcha Pema Tshering , Pandey Pankaj Kumar , Pandey Vanita
Published: August 2022

The precise identification of basin characteristics and climate factors that plays a significant role in determining water and sediment yield is of paramount importance. However, due to the enormous complexity associated with the hydrologic cycle, it is usually challenging to extricate the influence of individual parameters on the combined water and sediment yield responses. To accomplish this, a combined hydrological modelling and statistical approach was adopted in this study. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was adopted to simulate different components of the watershed and the results were utilized in Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs) to analyze the contribution of different parameters to water and sediment yield at spatio-temporal and seasonal scales in the upstream Teesta River basin. The outcomes of the analysis showed that precipitation and baseflow play a crucial role in regulating the water yield at all spatio-temporal scales. On the other hand, precipitation alone has a key role in determining the sediment yield, especially at the daily (49.30%) and monthly (21.14%) temporal scales. The relative contribution of the remaining parameters at a yearly temporal scale, and small and intermediate spatial scales showed relatively close results with an exception at the large basin scale (precipitation alone by 35.88%). The average contribution of actual evapotranspiration was found to be less on both water and sediment yield prediction in all spatio-temporal scales considered. The analysis also revealed that the precipitation, baseflow, and minimum temperature play a key role in regulating the water and sediment yield in both monsoon and non-monsoon seasons, whereas the contribution of maximum temperature and snowmelt was found less during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. The outcomes of this study may assist policymakers and water managers in rational water management goals as well as in coping with soil degradation issues.
Remote sensing-based techniques for water management in small-scale farms in arid climate
Authors: Elsayed Hamdy , Ibrahim Huda , Farag Hanan , Sobeih Mohamed F.
Published: August 2022

Accurate estimation of actual evapotranspiration () is a critical component in improving agricultural water management and water use efficiency. Remote sensing (RS) techniques provide a promising inexpensive tool for reliable crop water consumption estimations compared to conventional field measurements. Having agricultural land fragmentation and mixed cropping systems in the Nile River Delta, traditional methods of estimating are seemingly challenging. The present study aims to improve agricultural water management at the meso scale using RS-based techniques. Four RS-based methods were employed to estimate in mixed cropping farms at the Nile River Delta. The adopted methods include: (i) the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), (ii) the Simplified Surface Energy Balance algorithm (SSEB), (iii) Earth Engine Evapotranspiration Flux (EEFLUX) product, and (iv) the crop coefficient () method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed a significant difference between the employed RS-based techniques. During the winter season 2018–2019, the estimated varied from 331.33 mm/season to 389.34 mm/season, with an average of 358.76 mm/season. The irrigation efficiency was estimated to be about 55–63%, with an average of 59.55%. The study developed an algorithm to schedule the operation hours of irrigation pumps in the study area based on actual water requirements and pump capacity. The study highlights the relevance of RS methods and the importance of the equitable distribution of water in small farms to enhance water management.
Is building up substrate during anaerobic feeding necessary for granulation?
Authors: Tsertou Eirini , Caluwé Michel , Goossens Koen , Dobbeleers Thomas , Dockx Lennert , Poelmans Sven , Suazo Karina Seguel , Dries Jan
Published: August 2022

For a successful granulation process in activated sludge systems, the stimulation of slow growing organisms such as glycogen accumulating microorganisms (GAOs) is a key factor. Here we show that the introduction of an anaerobic feast followed by an aerobic famine phase successfully transforms bulking sludge, caused by the abundance of genus Kouleothrix, to a hybrid floccular-granular sludge. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated for 228 days treating the same industrial wastewater derived from the cleaning of trucks transporting liquid food (the cargo consists of approximately 70% chocolate and 30% beer). By respectively applying a fast and slow feeding in two parallel SBRs, different degrees of substrate build-up were achieved in the two reactors during the feast phase. The F/M ratio over the feeding time was 1.41 ± 0.48 and 0.57 ± 0.16 kg COD·(kg VSS*d)−1 for the fast-fed and the slow-fed SBR respectively. Our results demonstrate that substrate build-up during the anaerobic selection step is not necessary to obtain well-settling granular-like sludge.
Transiciones educativas en la infancia: concepciones de docentes en Chile y Colombia
Authors:   Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Soto Muñoz María Eugenia , Zapata Ospina Beatriz ,   Tecnológico de Antioquia, Institución Universitaria
Published: August 2022

En este artículo se inicia con un breve análisis documental de la normativa y política vigente sobre Transición Educativa en los países en estudio, para dar paso al análisis de las opiniones que tienen docentes de educación preescolar y primaria sobre este proceso, con el propósito comprender sus concepciones, respecto a la transición de los estudiantes desde la educación preescolar a la educación básica. Su naturaleza cualitativa y metodología descriptiva e interpretativa, develó significados y sentidos de los docentes, así como los aspectos culturales y sociales que determinan el proceso, para establecer similitudes y diferencias en el cómo se están abordando las transiciones entre dos países sudamericanos y de esta forma aportar al fortalecimiento de las políticas educativas a nivel latinoamericano. Los hallazgos muestran que las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes y la forma como organizan e implementan el proceso, sumado a las características sociales y estructurales de la escuela, dificultan la implementación de la transición exitosa y armoniosa de un nivel a otro
Posibilidades de transformación de las prácticas educativas en una escuela municipal chilena: etnografiando un proceso de cambio de dirección
Authors:   Colegio Alta Cumbre, Los Andes, Chile, Gacitúa Soto Bárbara , Melo-Letelier Giselle ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar. Chile, Godoy Echiburú Gerado ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar. Chile, Manghi Haquin Dominique ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar. Chile
Published: August 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación etnográfica es analizar las prácticas educativas que emergen del cambio de dirección en una comunidad de una escuela municipal chilena. Las escuelas experimentan un proceso de co-construcción en torno a su tipificación, a cómo se entiende o se representa esta como institución, impactando en las prácticas sociales, tanto en las reglas generales, en las subjetividades y en el conocimiento práctico o modo de hacer las cosas. En particular, las escuelas públicas chilenas se encuentran tensionadas entre políticas contradictorias. Desde una perspectiva que indaga en la manera en que cada comunidad educativa interpreta la Ley de Inclusión, se desarrollaron dos periodos de trabajos de campo (2017 y 2018) en la misma comunidad educativa evaluada por la Agencia de Calidad como insuficiente, en los cuales se observaron transformaciones a partir de un nuevo equipo directivo que asume el 2018. Este estudio se posiciona desde una educación situada, social y antropológica para describir las prácticas educativas a través de una etnografía, produciendo datos a partir de notas de campo y entrevistas. Entre los resultados destacamos que las relaciones entre estudiantes y adultos, y entre adultos cambian a partir de las modificaciones materiales y la reasignación de roles explícitos e implícitos. Finalmente, la transformación de las prácticas educativas implica tensionar el saber hacer las cosas y revelar para qué transformamos la escuela a partir de la consideración de todas y todos los miembros de la misma
Las prácticas de dirección en la escuela primaria: Un estudio de casos múltiples
Authors:   Secretaría de Educación Pública de Hidalgo, Pachuca., Martínez Cruz Efrén , Moreno Olivos Tiburcio ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
Published: August 2022

El presente texto tiene como objetivo reflexionar acerca de las prácticas directivas en la escuela primaria mexicana que se desarrollan en el marco de una dinámica global que influye en ellas, de tal manera que las conforma y caracteriza, según se hace evidente, en la investigación cualitativa de corte etnográfico realizada mediante la modalidad de estudio de casos, con 13 directores de educación primaria en 2012. A través de un proceso inductivo se construyeron categorías empíricas, que dieron origen a un texto interpretativo que describe y analiza algunas de las prácticas de dirección. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes se encuentra que el directivo “aprende a hacer” en la práctica y, en ella también “aprende a ser”, toda vez que generalmente arriba al cargo por diversas circunstancias, sin la formación específica para desempeñarse profesionalmente en el puesto, lo cual limita considerablemente las posibilidades de mejora de la educación primaria.
Method of teaching physical education classes in secondary school in the Diguillin province, Ñuble region, Chile.
Authors:   Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile, Olate Yesenia , Rivas Arellano Ignacio ,   Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile, Gazmuri Cancino Gonzalo ,   Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile, Villegas Nuñez Carlos ,   Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile, Reyes Rodríguez Alixon ,   Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile, Gómez-Álvarez Nicolás ,   Universidad Adventista de Chile,  AFSYE,  Chillan, Chile
Published: August 2022

El proceso integral de educación involucra diversas formas didácticas y metodológicas que son implementadas por los profesores, buscando con ellas mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de todos los estudiantes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue registrar las metodologías identificadas por los docentes y estudiantes en la clase de Educación Física, pertenecientes a establecimientos educacionales de la Provincia de Diguillín. Se diseñó una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, diseño no experimental, transeccional con una muestra no probabilística de estudiantes y profesores de enseñanza media (310 estudiantes y 12 profesores), quienes completaron un cuestionario sobre las metodologías utilizadas en clases de Educación Física que incluía metodología directiva y nueve metodologías activas, en cada metodología se presentaron 5 acciones educativas las cuales podían ser calificadas con una escala de likert (1-5) para identificar el grado de desacuerdo/acuerdo. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes identificaron las metodologías “Ambiente de Aprendizaje” y “Metodología Directiva” como las más empleadas, por otra parte, las metodologías más utilizadas por los docentes son “Ambientes de Aprendizaje” y “Método de caso”, los resultados además relevaron que un porcentaje mayor de estudiantes identificaban una amplia utilización de metodologías directivas”. Los docentes y estudiantes consideran que se utilizan metodologías activas en la clase de educación física, sin embargo, encontramos que los estudiantes identifican más características de las metodologías directivas en comparación a los docentes, lo que podría indicar una etapa de transición a la incorporación de metodologías de enseñanza activas.
Las búsquedas de información como contenido de la Educación Mediática
Authors:   CONICET– IICE/UBA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Saez Virginia
Published: August 2022

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la Educación Mediática y su relación con la forma que adopta el conocimiento en Argentina. El objetivo del estudio es analizar las operaciones de búsqueda y selección de la información en los procesos de construcción de conocimiento en las clases del área Ciencias Sociales. En el plano metodológico, se llevó a cabo un estudio de corte cualitativo. Se ha realizado un extenso trabajo de campo en dos escuelas secundarias enclava-das en zonas urbanas periféricas de Buenos Aires. Se trabajó con fuentes primarias: 20 entrevistas en profundidad a docentes, 20 entrevistas a estudiantes y 20 observaciones de clase del área de ciencias sociales, durante el 2019. Entre los resultados se identifica Internet como fuente privilegiada para las búsquedas de información, a pesar del deficiente piso tecnológico y períodos de falta de acceso a Internet dentro del edificio escolar, y se observa el uso de la enciclopedia libre Wikipedia. Por su parte, tras el análisis de las actividades de selección de información identificamos dos prácticas vinculadas a la dinámica de los medios digitales: la falta de verificación de la información buscada y la confusión de noticias reales con noticias falsas. Se concluye que el profesorado pone en cuestión el uso instrumental de medios y despliegan estrategias que combinan soluciones técnicas, que se centran en la formación de estrategias para buscar y seleccionar información con fuentes confiables, con soluciones a largo plazo que se proponen la formación de una mirada reflexiva
MiR-30a-5p Promotes Vein Graft Restenosis by Inhibiting Cell
Autophagy through Targeting ATG5
Authors: Cai Xinyong , Zhang Ping , Yang Yong , Wang Yunxia , Zhu Hongmin , Li Bin , Zeng Hong , Hong Lang , Shao Liang
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of miR-30a-5p in
restenosis of rats following vein grafting and the underlying mechanism.

Methods:

Vein graft rat models were established and perfused with miR-30a-5p antagomir
and si-ATG5 to probe the regulation of miR-30a-5p/ATG5 on intimal hyperplasia.
Human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells (HSVSMCs) were obtained from the great
saphenous veins of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and subjected to
assays for autophagy, proliferation, and migration after gain and loss of function of
miR-30a-5p and/or ATG5. The binding of miR-30a-5p and ATG5 was confirmed by RIP
and dual-luciferase reporter assays.

Results:

MiR-30a-5p expression gradually increased, ATG5 expression gradually decreased,
and the intima was increasingly thickened during restenosis of grafted veins.
Knockdown of miR-30a-5p in rats repressed the restenosis of vein grafts, while a deficiency
of ATG5 reversed the effect of miR-30a-5p inhibition. Upregulation of
miR-30a-5p enhanced the proliferation and migration of HSVSMCs and inhibited the autophagy,
while downregulation of miR-30a-5p or overexpression of ATG5 showed opposite
effects. ATG5 is a target gene of miR-30a-5p.

Conclusion:

MiR-30a-5p exacerbates vein graft restenosis by repressing ATG5 expression
and inhibiting autophagy.