bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF AIRLINES ZERO COMMISSION ON THE PERFOMANCE OF TRAVEL AGENTS: A SURVEY OF AIR TRAVEL AGENTS IN NAIROBI CBD
Authors: Stephen Victoria Mwende
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The study was an assessment of the effects of airline zero commission on the performance of travel agents.Methodology: A descriptive survey of air travel agents in Nairobi CBD was taken. A population of 350 travel agents was identified out of which a sample of (35) 10% were randomly selected.Results: Findings indicate that travel agents had been affected by the Zero commission. Their profitability, customer satisfaction, employee morale and internal processes were affected negatively. Findings also indicated that charging fees, cost leadership, differentiation, specializing in geographical areas or becoming niche players for specific leisure products, improvement in customer service and increased marketing and communication , expansion of the product base , strategic partnership and external linkages with other service providers were some of the strategic responses being adopted by travel agents. Findings also indicated that Travel agents have increased investment in financial resources, human resources, knowledgeable and creative workforce, and improvement in brand name, a unifying corporate culture, robust IT infrastructure and corporate governance as an effort to recover from the zero commission problems. The study recommends that the travel agents continue using generic strategies and tailor made strategic responses as this would help them to deal with the problem of zero commission. In addition, the travel agents should also differentiate their products in order to attract more customers. The travel agents also need to continue charging fees and ensure that they deliver good customer service to travellers.Policy recommendation:The study recommends that the travel agents continue using generic strategies and tailor made strategic responses as this would help them to deal with the problem of zero commission. In addition, the travel agents should also differentiate their products in order to attract more customers. The travel agents also need to continue charging fees and ensure that they deliver good customer service to travelers.
RISK MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY IN KENYA: A CASE OF MOTOR INSURANCE COMPANIES
Authors: Okumu Janet Makokha , Wanjira Dr Jane
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The study’s general objective was to establish the effects of risk mitigation strategies on performance of insurance industry in Kenya: a case of motor insurance companies. Specifically, the Project focused on the Risk control, risk avoidance, risk transfer and product mix strategies on performance of the insurance industryMethodology: The research used descriptive survey research designs. The target population of this study was the management and the other employees of all the 18 Motor insurance companies, the sample size of the study was 54.The sampling procedure was both simple random sampling and purposive sampling. Primary data entailed using of questionnaires. Content validity was ensured by asking questions that are relevant and captured the research objectives, reliability was measured with the help of Cronbach’s alpha (α). Descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviation and frequency distribution tables were used to analyze the data. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis to generate qualitative reports which were presented in a continuous prose. Inferential statistics such as regression and correlation analysis were used to establish the effects of risk mitigation strategies on performance of insurance industry in Kenya, a case of motor insurance companies.  Data presentation was done by the use of bar charts and graphs, percentages and frequency tables for ease of understanding and interpretation.Results: The study found out that risk control strategy and performance of regulated motor insurance companies in Kenya are positively and significantly related. The results further indicate that risk avoidance strategy and the performance of regulated motor insurance companies were positively and significantly related.  It was further established that product mix strategy and performance of regulated motor insurance companies were positively and significantly related while risk based audit strategy and performance of regulated motor insurance companies were also positively and significantly relatedConclusion: The study concluded that risk controlling strategy, risk avoidance strategy, risk based audit strategy and product mix Strategy have a positive and significant effect on performance of Motor Insurance Companies. Based on the findings and conclusions that risk controlling, risk avoidance Strategy, risk based audit strategy and product mix strategy has a positive and significant effect on performance of Motor Insurance Companies. Recommendation: the study recommended that motor insurance companies should work toward investing more on risk reduction strategies in order to improve their performance.
Accuracy and Precision in Urban Forestry Tools for Estimating Total Tree Height
Authors: Martin Alexander
Published: November 2022

Background: Urban tree inventories are fundamental to the monitoring and management of urban forests. Various handheld tools and methods exist to conduct tree mensuration, ranging from the simple stick method to laser rangefinders. This study examines the accuracy and precision of the stick method, clinometer, and laser rangefinder, and introduces tree type (i.e., conifer versus broadleaf) comparisons of accuracy and precision. Methods: Measurements were taken from 127 trees comprised of 85 (66.9%) broadleaf and 42 (33.1%) coniferous trees. Trees were distributed across 4 urban land use types: park, golf course, street, and trail system. A drone-mounted measurement tape was used to determine true height. Results: Measured heights ranged from 4.67 m to 25.71 m (x̄ = 13.19 m). Measurements from the stick method yielded statistically similar results to both the rangefinder and clinometer methods. The methods had a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.991 (N = 3). Accuracy was highest for the rangefinder and lowest for the stick method. Precision was greatest between the rangefinder and the clinometer. Root-meansquare error (RMSE) and percent error were highest for the stick method and broadleaf trees for all 3 measurement methods. Conclusions: The findings indicate greater accuracy and precision across all tools when measuring conifers. The rangefinder was similar in accuracy to the clinometer, with notable changes in accuracy when using the stick method.
Bianchi type-V Dark Energy Modified f(R,T) Gravity Model in the Presence of Massive Scalar Field in Lyra Geometry
Authors: Brahma Bishnu Prasad , Dewri Mukunda
Published: November 2022

Here, we investigate Bianchi type-V modified f(R,T) gravity cosmological models in Lyra geometry. To acquire the deterministic solution of the field equations with f(R,T) gravity based on Lyra geometry, we consider f(R,T)= f_1 (R)+f_2 (T), R indicates Ricci Scalar, T indicates trace of the energy momentum tensor in Lagrangian matter. Presence of Massive scalar field and Displacement vector of Lyra played an important role. The physical as well as the geometrical nature of the f(R,T) model is also discussed.
HIGHLIGHTS

In this present model of universe, we obtained that the universe starts with zero volume
As in present observational data like CMB, BAO, La Supernona, our model is accelerating
It is observed that the scalar field and kinetic energy both are non singular
CDM is not satisfied in this model of universe

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Associative images in “No story” by O. Henry
Authors: YEGHIAZARYAN GAYANE
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to study the imagery system in “No Story” by
O. Henry and to disclose the existence or absence of associative-image
components in it. In order to achieve this goal the following tasks are put
forward: to analyze the various theories of the concepts "image" and
"imagery", to study linguistic and cultural features of images in “No Story” by
O. Henry, to analyze the image associations presented through a variety of
linguistic and stylistic means.
It can be stated that “image” is a specific, at the same time,
generalized sign of existence, being created by linguistic and stylistic means,
has an aesthetic value and evokes different sensual and mental associations in
the reader’s imagination.
Pemanfaatan Adobe Primiere-Pro sebagai Media Ajar dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Razilu Zila , Samusu Samusu
Published: November 2022

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan Adobe Primiere-Pro sebagai media ajar untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitiani dilaksanakani pada bulani Oktober s/d iDesember 2021 di SMK Negeri 5 Kendari. Jenisi data yang idi pakai dalami penelitian ini adalah eksperimeni yang menggunakanidua kelasiyaitu kelasieksperimen idan kelas kontrol. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji validasi dan uji reabilitas, sementarai tekniki analisis daya menggunakan uji normalitasidata, uji homogenitas dan uji iregresi lineari sederhana. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh hasil uji linearitas menunjukkan bahwa nilai untuk fhitung lebih besar dari nilai ftabel (fhitung > ftabel) dimana nilai Ftabel 4.38 lebih besar dari Fhitung 3.194, dan menunjukkan bahwa model regresi persamaan kedua juga memenuhi syarat linearitas, hal ini juga dipertegas dengan nilai perbandingan antara post test dan pre test kelas eksperimen dimana nilainya yaitu sebelum dilakukan perlakuan 78.52, setelah dilakukan perlakuan maka meningkat menjadi 88.39, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh penerapkan media pembelajaran adobe primiere-pro terhadap hasil belajar siswa, yaitu: penggunaan media ajar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Artinya jika skor penggunaan media ajar meningkat maka hasil belajar siswa kelas XII di SMK Negeri 5 Kendari juga meningkat.
MEDIDAS PREVENTIVAS PARA EVITAR ÚLCERAS POR PRESSÃO NA FACE EM DOENTES SUBMETIDOS A VENTILAÇÃO NÃO INVASIVA, EM CONTEXTO HOSPITALAR
Authors: Pires Marlene , Costa Maria Antónia
Published: November 2022

Enquadramento: Na procura permanente pela excelência do exercício profissional, o Enfermeiro contribui para a máxima eficácia e eficiência na organização dos Cuidados de Enfermagem, tendo como dever manter-se atualizado sobre as várias práticas para que consiga prestar Cuidados de melhor qualidade, maximizando assim os ganhos em saúde. A Ventilação Não Invasiva é um modo ventilatório com recurso a uma máscara na interface doente- ventilador sem necessidade de recurso a via aérea artificial e a sedação, melhorando assim o conforto do doente e diminuindo o tempo de internamento. As Medidas Preventivas são fulcrais para evitar Úlceras por Pressão na face em doentes submetidos a Ventilação Não Invasiva, em contexto hospitalar. Objetivos: Demonstrar o desenvolvimento de competências clínicas do Enfermeiro de cuidados gerais e realizar uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura cujo tema está relacionado com uma problemática associada ao contexto da prática clínica. Metodologia: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura que se recorreu à metodologia PICO. A PICO é um acrônimo para “Population”, quem participa; “Intervention”, o que foi alvo de estudo; “Comparison”, comparação entre duas intervenções, podendo fazer parte do estudo ou não; “Outcome”, quais os resultados esperados. Serve para formulação da questão de investigação. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados CINAHL Complete e MEDLINE Complete através da plataforma EBSCOhost, de forma a identificar estudos publicados até maio de 2021. Foram selecionados 201 estudos de evidência científica. A qualidade metodológica da análise do nível de evidência dos artigos é fulcral e é uma fase indispensável na elaboração da Revisão da Literatura, de forma a identificar o rigor e as características dos estudos. Conclusão: As medidas preventivas devem ser utilizadas uma vez que cientificamente se verifica grande eficácia na utilização das mesmas. A Ventilação Não Invasiva é cada vez mais utilizada na gestão de problemas respiratórios agudos e crónicos, portanto, há uma maior necessidade de deliberar provas baseadas na evidência científica, através de medidas preventivas para aumentar o conforto dos doentes e impedir o desenvolvimento de Úlceras por Pressão na face. Verifica-se que a prevenção é o elemento mais eficaz e estima-se que 95% das úlceras por pressão podem ser impedidas, cabe aos enfermeiros essa responsabilidade.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DOS ÓBITOS POR QUEDAS EM IDOSOS NO BRASIL NOS ANOS DE 2015 A 2019
Authors: Carmo Gyovanna do , Silva Mariana Teixeira da
Published: November 2022

A população de pessoas idosas no Brasil vem aumentando gradativamente e com esse aumento a vulnerabilidade se torna mais visível. Os traumatismos por quedas são acidentes evitáveis que vem sendo notificado com frequência e o mesmo devido a suas consequências podem levar a óbito nessa população. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a taxa de mortalidade por quedas em pessoas idosas no Brasil nos anos de 2015 a 2019, traçando seu perfil epidemiológico. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, descritivo e retrospectivo realizado com dados da plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), analisando as variáveis de sexo, faixa etária, etnia, ano, estados brasileiros e o número de óbitos. Foi observado diante da análise espacial que há uma predominância de óbitos por quedas de pessoas idosas, em três estados brasileiros sendo o estado de Roraima (RR), Tocantins (TO) e Espírito Santo (ES), sendo de sua maioria do sexo feminino, Roraima e Tocantins pertencem a região Norte que prevalece os óbitos por quedas de mulheres de etnia parda com 80 anos ou mais. Já Espírito Santo pertence a região Sudeste o qual obtém mais óbitos por quedas de mulheres de etnia branca com 80 anos ou mais. Foi identificado esses estados que possuem altas taxas de óbitos por quedas em pessoas idosas, sendo um instrumento para avaliar as fragilidades ainda encontradas referente a acessibilidade para essa população, política públicas voltadas para qualidade de vida do idoso, a promoção da comunidade amiga do idoso, podendo ser reabordado futuramente questões políticas em relação a qualidade de vida.
CONTABILIDADE 4.0: OS DESAFIOS PARA PROFISSIONAIS CONTÁBEIS
Authors: Camargo Adrian de Jesus Aparecido de , Montani Gabrielle Pessute dos Santos , Prado Edilson Rodrigues do , Marcelino José Antônio
Published: November 2022

Esse artigo buscou expor os impactos da introdução da tecnologia na atuação do profissional contábil, visto que a ascensão dos instrumentos proporcionados por esta culminou na substituição de mão de obra humana pela informatizada em tarefas simplificadas, bem como na necessidade do profissional contábil adaptar seu modo de atuação. Nota-se que, com o advento da inteligência artificial, da possibilidade de unificação de banco de dados empresariais e dos sistemas contábeis integrados, o contabilista vê-se na necessidade de qualificar-se para além da sua área de formação, sendo indispensável adquirir conhecimentos informáticos. Para tanto, fora utilizada a metodologia descritiva a partir da consulta a bibliografias já existentes sobre o tema. A partir da realização da pesquisa, conclui-se que é forçoso o profissional contábil se adaptar às novas métricas da profissão, passando a acompanhar as inovações tecnológicas e empregar instrumentos tecnológicos para sua atuação, além de dispor-se a superar os desafios e mudanças.
QUALIDADE PAISAGÍSTICA DOS ESPAÇOS LIVRES EM AÇAILÂNDIA/MA: ESTUDO DE CASO DA PRAÇA BOA ESPERANÇA
Authors: Silva Gabriel Moraes da , Bezerra Marinna Rafaella de Carvalho Sousa , Cruz Érick Rafael Salvador de Lima da , Cruz Roniery da Silva , Brito Vanessa Andrade
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo tem como finalidade analisar a qualidade paisagística de um espaço livre público no município de Açailândia no Maranhão, a praça da Boa Esperança. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foi a avaliação pós-ocupação para espaços livres (APO), levantamentos cadastrais da área, aplicação de questionários e mapeamentos de leitura técnica da área de estudo. Além disso, foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos sobre os temas paisagem, espaços livres públicos, praças e suas tipologias com o objetivo de contextualizar a importância desses ambientes para a sociedade e a sua função na qualidade paisagística urbana. Após a realização da pesquisa foi possível constatar alguns problemas do ponto de vista técnico e do ponto de vista do usuário que possibilitou uma reflexão sobre o uso da APO para futuras revisões de projetos e reformas de praças públicas.
OS IMPACTOS DA PANDEMIA NA SEGURIDADE SOCIAL DO BRASIL
Authors: Souza Juliana Jesus de , Oliveira Tamar Ramos de
Published: November 2022

Esse artigo buscou discutir os impactos causados pela pandemia do covid-19 e as grandes consequências para a sociedade brasileira. Essas consequências geraram tomadas de medidas definitivas por parte do governo, com o intuito de evitar e desacelerar a contaminação das populações. Tais medidas, modificaram as formas de relacionamento e convivência entre as pessoas, principalmente, no que tange a seguridade social, pois, com os impactos, houve a busca incessante da necessidade da prestação efetiva dos serviços de proteção social por parte do Estado, fazendo valer os direitos fundamentais constitucionalmente previstos. Por isso, o conjunto de políticas públicas estruturadas no combate a pandemia, diante as decisões antes nunca tomadas, buscam evitar o conflito entre os direitos sociais e o colapso da saúde, previdência e assistência, por ter como finalidade o respeito à dignidade da pessoa humana. Desse modo, construiu-se então a seguinte indagação: “          De que forma a pandemia do covid-19 causou impactos na Seguridade Social do Brasil? ”. Para tanto, justifica-se que a Seguridade Social tem o relevante papel de proteger e propor o bem-estar de todo indivíduo, sempre que se encontrar em situação de contingências sociais. Por tanto, deve a seguridade social atender a todos que estejam impedidos de manter o sustento próprio ou de sua família. Para isso, tem o presente trabalho o objetivo geral discutir os impactos causados no âmbito da seguridade social diante a pandemia do covid-19. O método de abordagem foi o dedutivo, através de um procedimento estruturalista que permitiu buscar informações acerca do problema, obtendo-se as conclusões adequadas quanto as medidas tomadas para manter a segurança social e diminuir os riscos no âmbito do pilar da seguridade, tendo em vista que, as necessidades individuais e coletivas estão em constante mudança, logo é essencial se planejar para que haja uma execução rápida e eficaz sem colocar em risco a economia do pais no enfrentamento de crises.
Characteristics of particulate-bound n-alkanes indicating sources of PM2.5 in Beijing, China
Authors: Yang Jiyuan , Lei Guoyang , Liu Chang , Wu Yutong , Hu Kai , Zhu Jinfeng , Bao Junsong , Lin Weili , Jin Jun
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The characteristics of n-alkanes and the contributions of various sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere in Beijing were investigated. PM2.5 samples were collected at Minzu University of China between November 2020 and October 2021, and n-alkanes in the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A positive matrix factorization analysis model and source indices (the main carbon peaks, carbon preference indices, and plant wax contribution ratios) were used to identify the sources of n-alkanes, determine the contributions of different sources, and explain the differences. The n-alkane concentrations were 4.51–153 ng/m, (mean 32.7 ng/m3), and the particulate-bound n-alkane and PM2.5 concentrations varied in parallel. There were marked seasonal and diurnal differences in the n-alkane concentrations (p<0.01). The n-alkane concentrations in the different seasons decreased in the order winter>spring>summer>fall. The mean concentration of each homolog was higher at night than in the day in all seasons. Particulate-bound n-alkanes were supplied by common anthropogenic and biogenic sources, and fossil fuel combustion was the dominant contributor. The positive matrix factorization model results indicated five sources of n-alkanes in PM2.5, which were coal combustion, diesel vehicle emissions, gasoline vehicle emissions, higher plants, and dust. Vehicle emissions were the main sources of n-alkanes, contributing 57.6 %. The sources of PM2.5 can be indicated by n-alkanes (i.e., using n-alkanes as organic tracers). Air quality in Beijing needs to be improved. Vehicle exhausts strongly affect PM2.5 pollution. Controlling vehicle exhaust emissions is key to controlling n-alkane and PM2.5 pollution in Beijing.
Change in Antarctic Ice Shelf Area from 2009 to 2019
Authors: Andreasen Julia R. , Hogg Anna E. , Selley Heather L.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Antarctic Ice Shelves provide buttressing support to the ice sheet, stabilising the flow of grounded ice and its contribution to global sea levels. Over the past 50-years satellite observations have shown ice shelves collapse, thin and retreat, however, there are few measurements of the Antarctic wide change in ice shelf area. Here, we use MODIS satellite data to measure the change in ice shelf calving front position and area on 34 ice shelves in Antarctica, from 2009 to 2019. Over the last decade, a reduction in area on the Antarctic Peninsula (6,692.5 km2) and West Antarctica (5,563.1 km2), has been outweighed by area growth in East Antarctica (3,532.1 km2) and the large Ross and Ronne-Filchner Ice Shelves (14,027.9 km2). The largest retreat was observed on Larsen-C Ice Shelf where 5,916.6 km2 of ice was lost during an individual calving event in 2017, and the largest area increase was observed on Ronne Ice Shelf in East Antarctica, where gradual advance over the past decade (535.3 km2/yr) led to a 5,888.6 km2 area gain from 2009–2019. Overall, the Antarctic Ice Shelf area has grown by 5,304.5 km2 since 2009, with 18 ice shelves retreating and 16 larger shelves growing in area. Our observations show that Antarctic Ice Shelves gained 660.6 Gt of ice mass over the decade whereas the steady state approach would estimate substantial ice loss over the same period, demonstrating the importance of using time-variable calving flux observations to measure change.
Estimating the uncertainty of sea-ice area and sea-ice extent from satellite retrievals
Authors: Wernecke Andreas , Notz Dirk , Kern Stefan , Lavergne Thomas
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The net Arctic sea-ice area (SIA) can be estimated from the sea-ice concentration (SIC) by passive microwave measurements from satellites. To be a truly useful metric, for example of the sensitivity of the Arctic sea-ice cover to global warming, we need, however, reliable estimates of its uncertainty. Here we retrieve this uncertainty by taking into account the spatial and temporal error correlations  of the underlying local sea ice concentration products. We find that the observational uncertainties of both sea-ice area and sea-ice extent (SIE) in 2015 are about 300 000 km2 for daily and weekly estimates and 160 000 km2 for monthly estimates. This daily uncertainty corresponds to about seven percent of the 2015 sea-ice minimum and is about half of the spread in estimated sea-ice area from different passive microwave SIC products. This shows that random SIC errors play a role in SIA uncertainties comparable to inter-SIC-product biases. We further show that the September SIA, which is traditionally the month with least Arctic sea ice, has declined by 105 000 km2 a-1 ± 9 000 km2 a-1 for the period from 2002 to 2017. This is the first estimate of a SIA trend with an explicit representation of temporal error correlations.
Pandemic Restrictions in 2020 highlight the significance of non-road NOx sources in central London
Authors: Cliff Samuel J. , Drysdale Will , Lee James D. , Helfter Carole , Nemitz Eiko , Metzger Stefan , Barlow Janet F.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Fluxes of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured using eddy covariance at the BT Tower in central London during the coronavirus pandemic. Comparing fluxes to those measured in 2017 prior to the pandemic restrictions and the introduction of the Ultra-Low Emissions Zone (ULEZ) highlighted a 75 % reduction in NOx emissions between the two periods but only a 20 % reduction in CO2 emissions and a 32 % reduction in traffic load. Use of a footprint model and the London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (LAEI) identified transport and heat and power generation to be the two dominant sources of NOx and CO2 but with significantly different relative contributions for each species. Application of external constraints on NOx and CO2 emissions allowed the reductions in the different sources to be untangled identifying that transport NOx emissions had reduced by > 75 % since 2017. This was attributed in part to the success of air quality policy in central London, but crucially due to the substantial reduction in congestion that resulted from pandemic reduced mobility. Spatial mapping of the fluxes suggests that central London was dominated by point source heat and power generation emissions during the period of reduced mobility. This will have important implications on future air quality policy for NO2 which until now, has been primarily focused on the emissions from diesel exhausts.
Building-scale flood loss estimation through vulnerability pattern characterization: application to an urban flood in Milan, Italy
Authors: Taramelli Andrea , Righini Margherita , Valentini Emiliana , Alfieri Lorenzo , Gatti Ignacio , Gabellani Simone
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The vulnerability of flood-prone areas is determined by
the susceptibility of the exposed assets to the hazard. It is a crucial
component in risk assessment studies, both for climate change adaptation and
disaster risk reduction. In this study, we analyse patterns of vulnerability
for the residential sector in a frequently hit urban area of Milan, Italy.
The conceptual foundation for a quantitative assessment of the structural
dimensions of vulnerability is based on the modified
source–pathway–receptor–consequence model. This conceptual model is used to
improve the parameterization of the flood risk analysis, describing (i) hazard scenario definitions performed by hydraulic modelling based on past
event data (source estimation) and morphological features and land-use
evaluation (pathway estimation) and (ii) the exposure and vulnerability
assessment which consists of recognizing elements potentially at risk
(receptor estimation) and event losses (consequence estimation). We
characterized flood hazard intensity on the basis of variability in water
depth during a recent event and spatial exposure also as a function of a
building's surroundings and buildings' intrinsic characteristics as a
determinant vulnerability indicator of the elements at risk. In this sense
the use of a geographic scale sufficient to depict spatial differences in
vulnerability allowed us to identify structural vulnerability patterns to
inform depth–damage curves and calculate potential losses from mesoscale
(land-use level) to microscale (building level). Results produces accurate
estimates of the flood characteristics, with mean error in flood depth
estimation in the range 0.2–0.3 m and provide a basis to obtain
site-specific damage curves and damage mapping. Findings show that the
nature of flood pathways varies spatially, is influenced by landscape
characteristics and alters vulnerability spatial distribution and hazard
propagation. At the mesoscale, the “continuous urban fabric” Urban Atlas
2018 land-use class with the occurrence of at least 80 % of soil sealing
shows higher absolute damage values. At microscale, evidence demonstrated
that even events with moderate magnitude in terms of flood depth in a
complex urbanized area may cause more damage than one would expect.
Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Slyne Basin
Authors: O'Sullivan Conor M. , Childs Conrad J. , Saqab Muhammad M. , Walsh John J. , Shannon Patrick M.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The Slyne Basin, located offshore NW Ireland, is a narrow and elongated basin
composed of a series of interconnected grabens and half-grabens, separated
by transfer zones coincident with deep crustal structures formed during the
Silurian- to Devonian-aged Caledonian Orogeny. The basin is the product of a
complex, polyphase structural evolution stretching from the Permian to the
Miocene. Initially, relatively low-strain rifting occurred in the Late
Permian and again in the latest Triassic to Middle Jurassic, followed by a
third phase of high-strain rifting during the Late Jurassic. These
extensional events were punctuated by periods of tectonic quiescence during
the Early Triassic and Middle Jurassic. Late Jurassic strain was primarily
accommodated by several kilometres of slip on the basin-bounding faults,
which formed through the breaching of relay ramps between left-stepping
fault segments developed during earlier Permian and Early–Middle Jurassic rift
phases. Following the cessation of rifting at the end of the Jurassic, the
area experienced kilometre-scale uplift and erosion during the Early
Cretaceous and a second, less severe phase of denudation during the
Palaeocene. These post-rift events formed distinct regional post-rift
unconformities and resulted in a reduced post-rift sedimentary section. The
structural evolution of the Slyne Basin was influenced by pre-existing
Caledonian structures at a high angle to the basinal trend. The basin
illustrates a rarely documented style of fault reactivation in which
basin-bounding faults are oblique to the earlier structural trend, but the
initial fault segments are parallel to this trend. The result is a reversal
of the sense of stepping of the initial fault segments generally associated
with basement control on basin-bounding faults.
تہذیبوں کے تصادم کا نظریہ فکرِاسلامی کی روشنی میں
Authors: Dr. Fareed Ud Din Tariq
Published: November 2022

The quintessence of the theory of "The Clash of Civilizations" presented by American political expert Samuel P. Huntington in his book ‘The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order’ is that the cause of wars and disputes in the world, after the end of the cold war between the United States and Russia, will not be various ideologies but the main reasons behind discord and strife will be cultural and religious identities of people. Far-sighted persons know that before Huntington many western thinkers have also expressed similar views. Western concept of ‘The Clash of Civilizations’ is such a reality that existed centuries before P. Huntington’s book and is there even today. The early signs of this civilizational clash are present in the establishment of European colonization and in the history of crusades. Professor Huntington explains that the clash between Islam and western civilization has become inevitable. Clearly stating the hidden agenda of establishing global western supremacy, he has expressed his apprehension that Islam can upset the current global power balance. Therefore, he has proposed to the western leadership that it should adopt such exploitative strategies against other civilizations so that it only can remain the dominant civilization in the world. It is for this reason that the west is continuously following an aggressive policy against other civilizations. Being mindful of the Islamic way of thinking, a research-based analytical review of this concept of civilizational clash has been taken in this paper. In the light of Islamic teachings and Muslim thought, it has been made clear that Islam rejects the concept of the clash of civilizations rather it teaches civilizational coexistence and holding dialogue. This is the concept through which peace and security can prevail in the world.

 

Keywords: Clash of Civilizations, Huntington, Islamic Thoughts, Western Supremacy, Peaceful Coexistence.

 

*  اسسٹنٹ پروفیسر، شعبہ اسلامیات، آزاد جموں و کشمیر یونی ورسٹی، مظفر آباد
Introduction to Muslim Postcolonialism: A Distinct Discipline on the Significant Level of General Postcolonialism
Authors: Yousaf Farkhanda , Ahmad Humaira
Published: November 2022

Universally, Postcolonial literature initiates certain disciplines and numerous subject matters which were dared to speak before. In recent times observe the change in behaviors and approaches towards multiplicity, spiritual beliefs, and literature. Postcolonial literature also experiences the same fate in the form of its Postcolonial waves. In Postcolonial works, Muslim literati show their presence in every form of literature that the world has ever been observed. The reason behind such intelligentsia’s existence is that Muslims exist all around the world as Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world.  In this way, Muslim Postcolonialism under the umbrella of General Postcolonialism is projected to highlight the Muslim issues and concerns. Muslim Post-colonialists are the founders of twentieth-century Modern Post-colonialism, that extends to twenty-first century;  the immense literature shows distinctive existence within the body of World Literature generally and General Postcolonial, particularly. Muslim Postcolonialism attempt to show the positive face of Islam to prove that Muslims are not terrorists, rather the victims of terrorism.
مولانا عبيد اللہ سندھیؒ کے تفسيری منہج کا تجزياتی مطالعہ
Authors: Kaleem Shabana , Junaid Akbar Dr. Junaid Akbar
Published: November 2022

Maulānā Obaid Ullāh Sindhī has rendered valuable services in the interpretation of the Holy Qur’ān. In the light of his knowledge and experience, he imparted Qur’ānic lessons to his students which are diligently compiled by his students. Maulana Obaid Ullāh Sindhī introduced a new style in the field of exegesis, Unlike other interpretations, Molānā Sindhī’s interpretations discussed the political, economic, social, and revolutionary movement for social development and survival of human rights, His exegesis also argued with the books of Shāh Waliullāh, sayings of philosophers, teachings of other heavenly religions and their religious literature and with the exegesis of other interpreters. Maulānā Obaid Ullāh Sindhā's interpretations are mostly based on the axis of collectivism and revolution. He mostly explained these ideologies in his interpretations. That’s why Molānā Obaid Ullāh Sindhī’s style of interpretation is very different from the traditional style of interpretation.
Keywords: Methods in the Interpretation of Qur’an, Style of Maulana Sindhi, Exegesis of Qur’an and its Principles in the sub-continent
03. Theories of Urdu Literary History
Authors: Khan Khalid Ali
Published: November 2022

Literary history of any nation is influenced by its literary tendencies, linguistic attitudes and thoughts, because literature is born of political, social, moral, religious, historical, linguistic, civilization and culture. Literary texts also help in the ideological formation of literary history.  Literary criticism has played a pivotal role in interpreting, understanding and determining the status of literary texts. Thus, the theoretical construction of literature in literature has been the function of literary criticism.  The theories of Urdu literary history that have been created have been taken in the light of the intellectual and ideological views of literary historians and the researcher and critical analysis and commentaries of critics.  At the same time, new concepts have emerged. Under these modern concepts, literature is not just a field study, but a literary creation and the social sciences of the creator's era, including political, socio-economic, cultural, psychological, moral and religious sciences and arts.  An interpretation of these collections of histories based on the interactions of thoughts, feelings and emotions that take place in human life under the influence of Contains behavioral studies. Urdu literary history has different views in its footsteps, various theories and ideas about literary history have been expressed.
06. Elements of Resistance in Meer Beebagr Rind’s Poetry
Authors: Dr. Rahim Bakhsh Mehr Abdul Raziq (Raziq Raj),
Published: November 2022

Mir Beebagar Rind is known as one of the pioneers of resistance and protest in classical Balochi poetry. He actively participated in many battles during the Thirty Years' War, fought between Rind and Lashars in the fifteenth century. His poetry is a comprehensive account of the wars and battles he fought gallantly. Apart from themes and motifs of resistance and protest, Beebagr's poetry is also tinged with hues and shades of love and romance. This article primarily discusses various elements of resistance and protest of Mir Beebagr's poetry.
Comparative Study of Allama Iqbal’s Urdu and Persian Composition of ode
Authors: Khan Khattak Dr. Satar
Published: November 2022

Allama Muhammad Iqbal started his poetry from Urdu ode or amatory verses. But very soon he started his poetry in Persian. Iqbal realized that the skirt of Urdu language is very narrow for his ideas and thoughts. He recognized that Urdu is a young inexperienced language. Urdu is spoken, written and reading in a limited part of the subcontinent. On the other hand person is an old and experienced language of the world and is spoken, written and reading in a vast part of the Muslim world. Persian language keeps the most valuable assets of poetry and prose. The Persians odes of Allama Iqbal are found in Piyam-e-mashriq and Zaboor-e-Ajam.  Some Urdu odes of Iqbal are found in Bang-e-Dara and Zarb-e-kaleem, but the most important odes are found in his famous book of Urdu poetry named as Bal-e-jibreel. This collection of poems by Allama Iqbal is very important, because what is clearly stated in his Persian odes, is what is indicated in Bal-e-Jibreel.  The first part of Bal-e-Jibreel consists of ghazals. Essentially, these ghazals portray the same meaning that the Persian ghazals imply. However, the experimental writing of these ghazals, the sheer talent employed in this book are as climactic in terms of poetry.
Mídia e medicalização do corpo e da saúde em mulheres praticantes de exercícios físicos em academia
Authors: Gustavo Flausino Vieira André , Saliba Manske George
Published: November 2022

Neste estudo tivemos como objetivo compreender como mídias sociais influenciam a medicalização do corpo de mulheres praticantes de exercícios físicos em uma academia de Itajaí/SC. As participantes da pesquisa foram organizadas em dois grupos, sendo um de 18 a 30 anos e outro de 31 a 45 anos, posteriormente por identidades geracionais. Utilizamos uma abordagem qualitativa e para coleta de dados entrevistas coletivas com perguntas abertas, tendo análise temática como técnica de análise dos dados. Observamos que as mídias digitais, principalmente as redes sociais, influenciam a medicalização do corpo feminino através de mecanismos próprios, variando suas ações e produções de acordo com as categorias geracionais aqui elencadas.
Guía para formar cuidadores familiares del programa "Trabajando juntos en colaboración"
Authors: Peñarrieta de Córdova María Isabel , Quintero Valle Luz María , León Hernández Rodrigo César , Velásquez Salinas María Elena , Gutiérrez Gómez Tranquilina , Velásquez Domínguez Francisca , Díaz Rentería María Guadalupe , Flores Barrios Carina , Solís Solís Virginia , Flores Barrios Florabel , De la Cruz Palomo Azela Angélica , Cruz Quevedo Juana Edith , Lema Morales Julia María Eugenia , Montalvo Luna Mery Soledad , Piñones Martínez María del Socorro
Published: November 2022

Por primera vez, en el contexto latinoamericano, esta obra presenta el resultado de años de trabajo de investigación con participación de personas en condiciones crónicas o con algún nivel de dependencia, así como del cuidador familiar que está a su cargo la mayor parte del tiempo, la investigación se realizó en tres países de Latinoamérica: México, Perú y Colombia. Los resultados de esta investigación han permitido aprender e identificar necesidades de los cuidadores familiares y de las personas con cronicidad, las cuales pueden ser abordadas de manera adecuada a través de programas educativos. Es así como se elaboró, implementó y evalúo el programa “Trabajando juntos en colaboración” para ser aplicado por profesionales de la salud. En esta Guía para formar cuidadores del programa “Trabajando juntos en colaboración” encontrará diferentes técnicas de cuidado en casa que podrá trasmitir a los cuidadores familiares de manera fácil y ágil sobre cómo movilizar a su familiar, cuidar la alimentación en casa y cómo satisfacer la necesidad de higiene. Encontrará, asimismo, aspectos de utilidad; por ejemplo, cómo lograr que un cuidador familiar pueda manejar conductas difíciles, o cómo identificar redes sociales en el entorno del cuidador(a).
Animal Immanence
Authors: Amberson Deborah
Published: November 2022

Review of Felice Cimatti and Carlo Salzani, eds., Animality in Contemporary Italian Philosophy (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020)
Cynematographic Doubling
Authors: László Borbála
Published: November 2022

The present article contends that cinematic canines do not rupture representation even when they seem to slip out of character; rather, they reveal an immanent phenomenological dimension of fiction films. The main premise is that even such a crystallized representational form as classical narrative cinema, which treats the domestic dog as a sentimental icon, offers at least three layers to account for: 1) a visual layer that constructs the dog as a cute image; 2) an epistemological layer that carries the meanings we attach to it; and 3) a phenomenological, or “creaturely” layer that the cinematic medium will never be able to represent but will continue to present as long as it employs real-life dogs. Dogs thus create moments of what I call “cynematographic doubling”, when their phenomenal presence completes the diegesis with a documentary dimension, and moves the audience to emotions which are difficult to define. While focusing on the first two layers alone would reinforce an anthropocentric approach, according to which dogs in the fiction film project human notions, sentiments and intentions, the phenomenological, or “creaturely” layer calls for a relational approach according to which the cinematic portrayal of dogs is co-created by flesh-and-blood canines. Through an interpretations of selected Hollywood films, the article highlights moments that reveal the extent to which the film is indebted to the star dogs’ creaturely agency and affect.
Re-Animalizing Animal Farm
Authors: Drew John
Published: November 2022

Interpretations of George Orwell’s Animal Farm have been almost exclusively focused on anthropocentric allegory in the text and what I call the anthropo-allegorical interpretive frame. Given Animal Farm’s iconic and enduring status in English classrooms, I unpack this process, particularly how it is informed and perpetuated by the persistence of human exceptionalism rooted in the humanist literary tradition, and hegemonic approaches to education. I employ Derridean deconstruction to critique the humanist and educational legacies that inform the largely homogenized and de-animalized interpretation and pedagogical applications of Animal Farm. Then I argue for a new, hybridized reading — and teaching — that moves beyond the anthropocentric and toward a more-than-human interpretive and pedagogical orientation that speaks to the oppressions and challenges confronting multiple species, including, but not confined, to our own.
Learning to See Mice
Authors: Meijer Eva
Published: November 2022

This essay describes the author’s experiences in living with laboratory mice, and investigates how these can function as a starting point for building new relations with mice. Laboratory mice are not often studied to learn more about laboratory mice. They are seen as replaceable, and only useful to learn more about humans. This essay challenges this by drawing attention to their ways of being, their individuality, sense of community, practices of care, and ways of creating meaning. The first part of the text mainly exists of stories about their lives, to give an impression of what kind of beings they are. It then turns to how these relate to existing views of mice, and the political dimensions of mice-human relations. The interactions with the mice can be seen as dialogues that can disrupt existing deliberations about, through human interventions in the public debate, and that can show us something about how we can work towards multispecies communities. The aim of the essay is not to provide a full account of what it means to be a mouse, or to live with mice justly. In order to explore that, society would need to change. This text can only offer the first steps in thinking and living differently. In addition to the text, photographs are used to emphasize the mice’s personalities and agency.
Animals’ Point of View
Authors: Krebber André
Published: November 2022

Review of: Chiara Mengozzi, ed. Outside the Anthropological Machine: Crossing the Human–Animal Divide and Other Exit Strategies. Perspectives on the Non-Human in Literature and Culture. London: Routledge, 2021. vii + 283 pp., 23 b/w ill. £104.00 (hb); £29.59 (pb, eB)
الأسس النبوية في بناء العقلية الرشيدة دراسة حديثية تحليلية
Authors: Mdyan Jamal Al-Saleh
Published: November 2022

This article aims to explore the Prophetic principles of developing sound rationality. The sunnah of the Prophet contains numerous pearls of wisdom. The human mind is a primary tool to understand lived reality with all its fluctuations and complexities. Moreover, it is the first door to understanding the revealed texts. The Prophet’s sunnah provides many principles and rules that can be adopted to inculcate sound rationality in the personality of a Muslim. If one understands these Prophetic principles correctly and follows them properly, they will lead one to succeed in life with distinction, leadership, and brilliance. Islam is not against reason nor does it prohibit its use. This article aims at deriving the principles of developing sound rationality from the Prophetic sunnah and explaining them with examples.
الصنْعة الحديثيَّة عند الخطيب الشربيني في تفسيره "السّراج المنير"
Authors: الدخري عبدالعظيم خليل عبدالرحمن
Published: November 2022

This study explains the significance of Prophetic traditions for other Islamic sciences. It chooses al-Khaṭīb al-Sharbīnī (d. 1570/977)’s Qur’ānic commentary al-Sirāj al-Munīr as a model to assess his interpretations based on his inferences from the Prophetic traditions. The article argues that al-Khaṭīb al-Sharbīnī had a profound knowledge of the primary sources of Prophetic traditions, especially the six canonical books because he quoted numerous authentic Propetic traditions especially those recorded in the two most authentic books of the Prophetic traditions i.e., Ṣaḥīḥ of al-Bukhārī and Ṣaḥīḥ of Muslim. He also critically examined many of the weak and fabricated Prophetic traditions, which were cited by other exegetes such as al-Baghawī and al-Zamakhsharī in Ma‘ālim al-Tanzīl and al-Kashshāf respectively. This contributed to the exegetic value of al-Khaṭīb al-Sharbīnī’s exegesis al-Sirāj al-Munīr. In addition to this, his exegesis contains discussions and explanations of the difficult words of Prophetic traditions. The article adopted inductive and historical approaches.