bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCREENING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PROBIOTIC PROPERTIES OF LACTOBACILLUS STRAINS
Authors: Jain Neha , Mehata Archana , Bharti Vandana
Published: August 2017

Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to isolate and identify Lactobacillus strains from dairy and cattle dung samples. Potent isolates were selected for screening by antimicrobial activity; selected lactobacilli were further tested for probiotic properties and adhesive attributes.Methods: Lactobacilli were isolated aseptically on specific de man, rogosa and sharpe medium from dairy and cattle dung samples. Isolates were identified by Gram-staining, motility, catalase, endospore, and carbohydrate fermentation tests. Further, the isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion assay, and potent lactobacilli were observed for probiotic properties: Acid and bile salt tolerance, gelatinase activity, and autolytic activity. For analyzing the adhesive attributes, isolates were observed for autoaggregation, coaggregation and microbial adhesion to solvents assay.Results: About 12 Lactobacillus strains among 98 isolates exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity were further selected for identifying their probiotic and adhesive attributes. Among 12 selected isolates, cell-free supernatant (CFS) of buffalo milk BM10 and goat milk GM10 showed excellent antimicrobial activity, 20.34±0.02 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 18.65±0.11 mm against Escherichia coli. Isolates showed survival at pH 2 and 3 and can tolerate 0.2-0.3% bile salt concentrations. The GM5 showed maximum autoaggregation (67.04±0.61%) and minimum coaggregation (11.51±0.50%) showed by GM3. The BM10 exhibited maximum adherent value 64.84±1.41% for n-hexadecane.Conclusion: The two lactobacilli, BM10 and GM10 identified as Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus pentosus on the basis of phenotypic and sugar utilization tests. The CFS of both lactobacilli can be used as antimicrobial agent. Both isolates showed significant results of probiotic and adhesive attributes, therefore, can be evaluated for clinical and therapeutic applications.
TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER: DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: S P Surya Teja , Khandelwal Manisha , V Chitra , N Damodharan
Published: August 2017

Objective: Felodipine, a BCS class II calcium channel blocker, is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. Due to the poor solubility and low bioavailability of the drug, there is a necessity to design an alternative route to achieve a constant plasma concentration of felodipine for its maximum therapeutic utility and can be achieved by transdermal route.Methods: In this study, matrix type transdermal patches were prepared using different combinations of hydrophilic polymer, namely, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydrophobic polymer, namely, ethyl cellulose (EC) by solvent evaporation technique and were subjected for characterization.Results: The Fourier transform infrared studies confirmed the compatibility between drug and polymers. Hydrophilic nature of the polymers greatly influenced physical characteristics and dissolution rate. Equal percentage of PVP and EC yielded patches with good folding endurance. The concentration of plasticizer present in the patches gave them desired folding endurance, and it increased with the presence of hydrophilic polymer. The formulation with highest PVP concentration, F3, exhibited a maximum drug release of 96.23% for 24 hrs. While the formulation with highest EC concentration, F5, exhibited only 74.45% drug release for 24 hrs.Conclusion: From the data, formulation F2 (PVP/EC, 2:1) can be concluded as best formulation due to its desired physical characteristics, good initial drug release, sustained release behavior, and good in vitro permeation. This formulation can be further studied in a clinical scenario.
ECHINOCANDINS VERSUS DATED ANTIFUNGALS IN COMBINATION AGAINST OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOTIC INFECTIONS
Authors: Narwal Mrridula Dangi , Balhara Meenakshi , Chaudhary Renu , Ak Chhillar
Published: August 2017

Scientific and clinical reports globally demonstrated that the opportunistic mycotic infections are at major risk to the human fitness. In past few decades, development of resistance in microbes to existing antifungals, has emphasized on the search of new antimycotic drugs. As a matter of fact "echinocandins" are new categories of broad-spectrum antifungal enlighten a hope in this direction. Echinocandins are bulky lipopeptides that inhibits the production of β-[1,3]-glucan "a major constituent of fungal cell wall" which ultimately leads to the death of fungal pathogens. In vitro as well as in vivo published reports have demonstrated that the echinocandins exhibit fungicidal activity against most Candida spp while fungistatic against Aspergillus spp and exclusively found to be more effective when tested in combination with polyenes/azoles. Present article is an expert views on the recent and historical literature available on the antifungal therapies with accessing their impact on the human health. Emphasis is given on the utility of the echinocandins as potential antifungal agent by discussing recent examples of clinical and laboratory studies including the use of improved proteomics approaches to know a bit more about the interaction of human host and fungal pathogens.
MOLECULAR DOCKING OF ANTIMYCIN A3 ANALOGS AND ITS AROMATIC SEGMENTS AS INHIBITORS OF APOPTOSIS PROTEIN MARKER BCL-XL AND MCL-1
Authors: Arsianti Ade , Fadilah Fadilah , Erlina Linda , Paramita Rafika Indah
Published: August 2017

Objective: Apoptosis is an important cellular process that causes the death of damaged cells. Its malfunction can lead to cancer development and poor response to conventional chemotherapy. Cellular proteins from the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family are crucial for apoptosis. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. The aim of this work was to design using in silico docking antimycin A3, antimycin analogs, and its aromatic segments as inhibitors of Bcl-xl and Mcl-1.Methods: In silico molecular docking approach has been utilized to find the potential anticancer from antimycin A3 analogs and its aromatic segments. Antimycin A3 analogs and its aromatic segments were modeled into three-dimensional (3D) structures using Marvin Sketch. Based on Protein Data Bank, 3ZLN for Bcl-xl, and 5IEZ for Mcl-1 were selected as apoptosis protein marker from BCL-2 family. Geometry optimization and minimization of energy 3D structure of antimycin A3 analogs and segments (ligands) using the AutoDock software. Docking process and amino acid residue analysis were executed using AutoDock software. The best docking score was shown by the lowest binding energy and also checked with Lipinski rule of five.Results: In silico molecular docking showed antimycin A3 analogs, amide 5 and aromatic segment 14 have the best interaction and activity for Bcl-xl receptor inhibition. Moreover, amide 5 and segment 15 showed the best interaction and activity for Mcl-1 receptor inhibition.Conclusion: Our results clearly demonstrate that amide 5, segment 14, and segment 15 of antimycin A3 analog have a strong inhibitory activity against Bcl-xl and Mcl-1, and should be further developed as a promising candidate for the new anti-apoptosis agents.
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL, CYTOTOXICITY, AND DYEING PROPERTIES OF PRODIGIOSIN PRODUCED BY SERRATIA MARCESCENS STRAIN JAR8
Authors: Chauhan Ritika , Choudhuri Aniket , Abraham Jayanthi
Published: August 2017

Objective: Prodigiosin is a red tripyrrole pigment which is synthesized as a secondary metabolite by biotypes A1, A2, and A6 of Serretia marcescens. This study was aimed to optimize production parameters for prodigiosin pigment produced by S. marcescens strain JAR8 and to determine its antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and dyeing properties.Methods: The effect of various media components, process parameters (temperature, pH, incubation period), and other supplements was investigated, and the maximum production of prodigiosin was found to be at temperature 28°C, pH 7.0, incubation period of 5 day with peptone in the media. Antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and dyeing properties of prodigiosin were studied in depth.Results: The antimicrobial study of prodigiosin revealed that it is a potent inhibitor of Gram-positive bacteria as well as Gram-negative bacteria. The prodigiosin exhibited commendable dose-dependent cytotoxicity effect against human bone cancer cells with the IC50 of 108 μg/ml. Prodigiosin produced by strain JAR8 resisted the action of acid, alkali and detergent when applied to textile cloth.Conclusion: The deep red pigment prodigiosin produced by strain JAR8 is economically effective and can be categorized as microbial natural product for further pharmaceutical applications.
PREVALANCE OF MALE INFERTILITY IN INDIA: STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONES
Authors: Deventhiran Radhakrishnan , Ramanathan Kumaresan , Nandakumar Nagamurugan
Published: August 2017

Objective: Nowadays, there is an increased incidence of infertility in Indian males due to lifestyle changes. Hence, the objective of this study isevaluating the gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH) level in infertile young male in Indian population.Materials and Methods: In total, 56 patients having abnormal semen count and five control patients have been included in the study. All patientswere underwent sperm count and estimation of hormones includes GnRH such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), tri-iodothyronine, thyroxin,prolactin, and testosterone.Results: The sperm concentration of infertile men was significantly lower than control. Sperm motility behaviors rapid, sluggish, and non-motilecharacters were significantly lower than control. Among GnRH, FSH has been significantly higher in infertile group than control group.Conclusion: FSH may be considered as a marker for male infertility.
ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH UNEXPLAINED RECURRENT ABORTIONS
Authors: Asaithambi Anupriya , Gunasekaran Manjula , S Manivelan , Nainar Palaniappan
Published: August 2017

Objective:This study aims to determine the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in pregnant women with bad obstetric history (BOH) against healthy multigravid women in and around Tirunelveli districtMethods: This is a case-control study comprising 60 antenatal women with BOH against 60 multiparous pregnant women with no history of abortions. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected using indirect immunofluorescence with Hep-2 cell substrate, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Among BOH cases 19 (82.6%), 18 (78.26%) were positive by ELISA and indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) method, respectively. Among controls, 4(17.39%) and 5(21.73%) individuals were positive by ELISA and IFAT methods, respectively. Of the 18 positives, homogenous pattern was most common followed by anticentromere pattern, fine speckled and coarse speckled patternConclusion: IFAT is considered to be gold standard in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders, but ELISA appears to be a suitable simple alternative for testing rheumatological disorders.
ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ULVA EXTRACTS FROM VISHAKHAPATNAM COAST
Authors: S Princely , Md Dhanaraju
Published: August 2017

Objective: Antimicrobial drug resistance is the foremost problem faced worldwide with the current antibiotic therapy in treating infectious diseases. Marine algae were considered as a potential source of biologically active compounds with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer activities.Materials and Methods: In the present investigation, the purified fractions of marine algal crude extracts of different solvents such as aqueous, ethyl acetate (EtAc), and ethanol for antioxidant (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay) and antimicrobial activities (agar well diffusion assay) were evaluated.Results: The extracts of EtAc, ethanol, and water showed minimum inhibitory concentration values of 3.125, 6.25, and 12.25 μg/ml, respectively, for tested bacterial pathogens. The active fractions showed very little activity against Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella Typhi, and no activity was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of our screening showed that the EtAc marine algal fractions were active against some Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans. The phytochemical analysis of aqueous, ethanolic, and EtAc extracts of marine algae showed the presence of the various phytochemical constituents such as carbohydrates, phenols, and amino acids. The ethanolic extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity as compared to aqueous and EtAc extracts.Conclusion: This work can be extended further to isolate, characterize, and discover more bioactive metabolites from marine algae, which can be exploited for the production of lead molecules in pharmaceuticals for the treatment of chronic diseases.
ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS AMONG LOCAL POPULATION OF NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Kumar Pradeep , Sharma Rachna , Prakash Satya
Published: August 2017

Objective: In view of marked accentuations in cardiometabolic diseases in developing countries such as India, we aimed to conduct a cross-sectional study analyzing the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in local population of Ghaziabad.Methods: The study is descriptive, random sample survey, and cross-sectional study. The study was carried out at Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad, on 350 participants between the age group 18-70 years. After taking the informed consent, they were included in the study. The variables recorded were clinical history, all risk factors of cardiovascular disease including blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, blood sugar and serum lipid levels, cigarette use, and dietary habit.Result: Our study shows that the high prevalence of multiple risk factors in a general population with as many as 70% of the participants had metabolic syndrome. Among individually studied groups, obesity was the most common followed by dyslipidemia then diabetes and hypertension and the least prevalent was smoking. Females were more commonly affected than males by dyslipidemia and obesity, probably due to physical inactivity coupled with unhealthy diet and lifestyle.Conclusion: There is the higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among the population making the individuals prone to associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection and their predisposition. Therefore, timely detection of cardiometabolic factors and appropriate interventions may be of prime concern.
LOCALLY CARRAGEENAN TESTED FOR ITS FOOD GRADE BY FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION METHOD
Authors: Indriyati Wiwiek , Iskandar Yoppi , Burhanuddin Wildan Fawzi , Mustarcihie Resmi
Published: August 2017

Objective: This study aims to determine whether seagrass lalamakan (Dictyota dichotoma), ades (Gelidium sp.), agar (Gracilaria sp.), and saribuhu (Sargassum sp.) obtained from the Sindangkerta beach, Tasikmalaya, can produce carrageenan food grade according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Food Chemical Codex (FCC), and European Economic Community (EEC).Methods: Seaweed was extracted with distilled water and 0.1N KOH at high temperature (90°C). The extract was tested for its characteristics such as solubility test, test sulfate, gel formation, and its infrared (IR) spectrum.Results: The yield obtained from solvent extraction with distilled water ranged from 21% to 27%, whereas for 0.1N KOH solvent between 10% and 11% by weight. The results of the study indicated that the fiber obtained from both extractions was carrageenan, as shown by the results of the solubility test, the formation of gel and the infrared spectrum showed a sulfate ester, 3,6-anhydrogalactose, galactose-4-sulfate, and 3,6-anhydrogalactose-2- sulfate which was characteristic of carrageenan. IR spectrum confirmed the availability of carrageenan. Results of the sulfate test content in all sample fibers using either distilled water or 0.1N KOH were below 15.0%.Conclusion: These results indicated that the generated carrageenan did not meet food grade standards set by the FAO, FCC, and EEC which was 15- 40%. However, in fact, the carrageenan from the Sindangkerta beach has been produced and marketed in the local market.
AN IN SILICO STUDY OF NARINGENIN-MEDIATED NEUROPROTECTION IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors: Jha Saurabh Kumar , Kumar Pravir
Published: August 2017

Objective: Naringenin is a dietary biomolecule with broad spectrum of activities which protects neurons from various neurotoxic insults and improves cognition and motor function in neurodegenerative diseases. DJ-1 has both, ubiquitin E3 ligase as well as chaperonic activity, and loss of ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of DJ-1 has been found to be associated with familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). Naringenin induced E3 ligase activity of DJ-1 which can have possible clinical relevance in PD.Methods: Various in silico parameters such as phylogenetic analysis, homology modeling, active site prediction, and molecular docking studies using AutoDock 4.2.1 and LIGPLOT1.4.5 were carried out.Results: Three-dimensional structure of DJ-1 was generated and Ramachandran plot was obtained for quality assessment. RAMPAGE displayed 99.5% of residues in the most favored regions. 0% residues in additionally allowed and 0.5% disallowed regions of DJ-1 protein. Further, initial screenings of the molecules were done based on Lipinski’s rule of five. CastP server used to predict the ligand binding site suggests that this protein can be utilized as a potential drug target. Finally, we have found naringenin to be most effective among four biomolecules in modulating DJ-1 based on minimum inhibition constant, Ki, and highest negative free energy of binding with maximum interacting surface area in the course of docking studies.Conclusion: Our study suggests that based on different in silico parameters and molecular docking studies, naringenin can provide a new avenue for PD therapeutics.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY CALCULI
Authors: J Shanmugapriya , Kumar S Sathesh
Published: August 2017

Objective: The objective of the study is to compare the quality of life (QoL) in both men and women with urinary calculi using SF-12 questionnaire and also to improve by patient education. Patient counseling can scientifically improve the physical and mental component of certain diseases that could be a relief to the patient. Non-pharmacological approaches could be an alternative to the drug therapy.Methods: The present study involves prospective study on QoL in patients with urinary calculi. The methodology involves the collection and documentation of general information of the patient including personal history, family background, clinical findings, investigations, and medical illness associated with urinary calculi. Further, quality is documented using SF-12 questionnaire designed to assess the impact of urinary calculi and their complications.Result: It can be seen that there is an extremely significant (p<0.0001) values were obtained when compared between pre- and post-counseling phases of physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS). Patient’s PCS and MCS improved extremely significant in post-counseling.Conclusion: Patients counseling plays a major role in the management of signs and symptoms among patient with urinary calculi. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of impaired health-related QoL (HRQoL) in stone formers. A new and promising endpoint in the management of urolithiasis is improvement of HRQoL.
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH PARTIAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS CONNECTION AND ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT: A RARE PRESENTATION
Authors: M Alphonsa , R Karthik , Gowda Satish C , Patil Navin , O Balaji , Kotian Rahul
Published: August 2017

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is characterized by heterogeneous clinical expression, unique pathophysiology, and diverse natural history.Coexistence of arterial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is very rare. Since HOCM is a congenital defect,coexistence of other congenital defects should be kept in mind when we treat the patients. Only very few cases of HOCM with coexisting congenitalanomalies have been reported so far in medical literature. Hence, we report a case of HOCM with atrial septal defect and PAPVC in a 49-year-old malepatient.
SENSITIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY OF MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST TOLTERODINE TARTRATE IN BULK DRUG AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: El-sheikh Ragaa , Hassan Wafaa S , Gouda Ayman A , El-gabry Marwa M
Published: August 2017

Objective: Simple, sensitive, and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the assay of tolterodine tartrate (TOL) in bulk drugand pharmaceutical formulations.Methods: The proposed methods are based on oxidation reaction of TOL with a known excess of cerium(IV) ammonium sulfate as an oxidizing agentin acid medium followed by determination of unreacted oxidant by adding a fixed amount of dye, e.g., amaranth (AM), rhodamine 6G (Rh6G), andindigo carmine (IC) followed by measuring the absorbance at 520, 530, and 610 nm, respectively. The effect of experimental conditions was studiedand optimized.Results: The Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 1.0-10, 1.0-12, and 0.5-9.0 μg/mL using AM, Rh6G, and IC dyes, respectively, witha correlation coefficient ≥0.9995. The calculated molar absorptivity values are 1.868×104, 1.008×104, and 1.623×104 L/mol/cm using AM, Rh6G, andIC dyes, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were reported. Intraday and interday accuracy and precision of the methods have beenevaluated. No interference was observed from the additives.Conclusion: The proposed methods were successfully applied to the assay of TOL in tablets preparations, and the results were statistically comparedwith those of the reported method by applying Student’s t-test and F-test. The reliability of the methods was further ascertained by performingrecovery studies using the standard addition method.
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS OF MONOLAYER CERVICAL CANCER CELLS
Authors: Rajan Teena , V Benluvankar , S Vincent
Published: August 2017

Objective: The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of phagocytosis of killed yeast on the induction of apoptosis in monolayer of HeLa cells.Methods: HeLa cell line was incubated with different doses (1000-7.8 μg/ml) of heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 24, 48, and 72 hrs. The cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line during different exposure hours was screened by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Induction of apoptosis was further confirmed by morphological and biochemical examination. Antiproliferative effect of yeast was examined under inverted microscope. Cell morphological changes were analyzed by fluorescent staining with propidium iodide.Results: The results showed that yeast induces cytotoxicity against HeLa cells in concentrations and during prolonged exposure periods. The viability of HeLa cells decreased from 85% to 45% during 72 hrs of treatment with 1000 μg/ml of yeast cells. The inhibitory concentration 50% of heat-killed yeast required to induce 50% inhibition of HeLa cells was 62.5 μg/ml. Apoptotic cells showed signs such as cell enlargement, membrane blebbing, and chromatin condensation. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis showed that S. cerevisiae treated HeLa cells and showed a typical apoptosis pattern of DNA content that reflected sub-G0 phase (corresponding to apoptotic cells).Conclusion: Results from the present work show that the heat-killed yeast has anticancer activity and it includes apoptosis of HeLa cells in vitro.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF VALSALVA MANOEUVER DURING EARLY PREGNANCY IN PATIENTS WITH PAROXYSMS OF ORTHODROMIC ATRIOVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
Authors: Rakhmatullov Fagim Kasymovich , Kuryaeva Alsu Muzafyarovna , Moiseeva Inessa Jakovlevna , Burmistrova Larisa Fedorovna , Dyatlov Nikita Evgen’evich
Published: August 2017

Objective: The aim is to study electrophysiological (EPh) indicators of the heart in pregnant women in the first trimester with orthodrome paroxysms of reciprocal atrioventricular tachycardia during the Valsalva test, after a single dose of propafenone and a combination of Valsalva test with propafenone.Methods: Clinical survey, assessment of medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG) in 12 leads, Holter ECG monitoring, echocardiography, expert ultrasound examination of the fetus, transesophageal EPh study of the heart, the blood test for electrolytes (potassium, sodium), thyroid hormones (T3, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone) were included in this study. We examined 28 women during an early gestation.Results: We found that the Valsalva manoeuver, Propanorm, and the combination of the Valsalva manoeuver and Propanorm produced an antiarrhythmic effect through the anterograde and retrograde conduction in reentry.Discussion: The study is the first to reveal that the Valsalva manoeuver influences retrograde conduction in reentry in pregnant patients.Conclusion: We proved that it is necessary to use the Valsalva manoeuver to stop paroxysms of orthodromic atrioventricular tachycardia (POAVRT) in the first trimester of pregnancy. If the manoeuver is ineffective, it is advisable to use Propanorm or combination of Propanorm with Valsalva manoeuver.
INFLUENCE OF TOTAL NECK LENGTH AND ANTEROPOSTERIOR DIAMETER OF THE HEAD ON TOTAL HEAD EXCURSION - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Baroor Vrindha , Raj Gayathri , Raj Michael , Lamba Dheeraj
Published: August 2017

Objective: It is estimated that a third of all adults will experience neck pain throughout the course of 1 year, and 70% is the approximate lifetime prevalence. Neck pain is most commonly reported musculoskeletal pain site in population surveys and primary care. Neck pain can be periodic and can vary in disability. It is important that health-care professionals provide straightforward, clear advice on supervision at an early stage. The purpose of the study was to find variation of total neck length and anteroposterior (AP) diameter of head on total head excursion (THE) which would result in high-risk factor.Methods: 600 individuals both males and females 8-60 years of age were assigned according to inclusion criteria into three groups and measurement was done through metric ruler scale. Neck length was measured using digital vernier caliper, and AP diameter of the head was measured using spreading caliper.Results: ANOVA and independent t-test show no significant difference between neck length and AP diameter of head on THE. However, Pearson sig 2-tailed shows a positive correlation with neck length and AP diameter of head on THE.Conclusion: The findings of the present study states as AP diameter of head decreases, there is decrease in neck length and decrease in retraction and increase in protraction or if there is increase in AP diameter and increase in neck length, there is increase in retraction and decrease in protraction.
BOTH ORAL PASSIFLORA INCARNATA AND OXAZEPAM CAN REDUCE PRE-OPERATIVE ANXIETY IN AMBULATORY SURGERY PATIENTS: A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Azimaraghi Omid , Yousefshahi Fardin , Khatavi Fatimah , Zamani Mohammad Mahdi , Movafegh Ali
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Pre-operative anxiety control without increased post-operative psychomotor dysfunction is an anesthesia concern especially in ambulatory surgery; so, the development of a strong anxiolytic with minimal psychomotor impairment for premedication is desirable. In this study, it was hypothesized that Passiflora incarnata decreases pre-operative anxiety (PAN) similar to oxazepam.Methods: In this double-blinded placebo controlled study, 128 patients were randomized into Passiflora group (n=68) who received oral P. incarnata and oxazepam group (n=60) who received oxazepam (10 mg) as premedication, 90 minutes before surgery. A numerical rating scale (NRS) was used for each patient to assess anxiety before, and 90 minutes following premedication. Psychomotor function was assessed with the trigger dot test (TDT) and the digit-symbol substitution test at arrival in the operating room, and 90 minutes after tracheal extubation.Results: The 90th minutes NRS anxiety scores were significantly lower in the Passiflora group compared with oxazepam group (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in psychological variables, in groups, in the postanesthesia care unit.Conclusion: In outpatient surgery, administration of oral P. incarnata as a premedication reduces PAN with similar psychomotor function impairment compared with pre-operative oral oxazepam.
BRINE SHRIMP TERATOGENIC SCREENING TEST ON SOME SELECTED PLANTS
Authors: Lestari Meti Widiya , Fidrianny Irda , Yusuf Ayda T , Soemardji Andreanus A
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aims of this research were to analyze teratogenic properties on some selected plants which often used for woman’s health were pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) pericarp, coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds, liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) leaves, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare M.) seeds, and kaempferia (Kaempferia galanga L.) rhizomes using brine shrimp teratogenic screening test (BSTST) method.Methods: Artemia cysts were hatched into first stage nauplii then taken and put into seawater medium which contain test substance and kept alive until the second stage, third stage, and fourth stage and then observed number of deaths, morphological abnormalities, body length, and retarded of development for each stage.Results: Hatchability of cysts in fennel seeds compared extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml, coriander seeds extract 1 mg/ml, pomegranate rinds extract 6 mg/ml, and liman leaves extracts 6, 3, and 1.5 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). Survival nauplii in fennel seeds extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml and liman leaves extracts 6 and 3 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). The morphological abnormalities were exposed on coriander seeds extract 1 mg/ml, liman leaves extract 6 mg/ml, and pomegranate rinds extract 3 mg/ml. Nauplii with retarded development were presented on fennel seeds extracts 1 and 0.5 mg/ml, coriander seeds extracts 1 and 0.25 mg/ml, pomegranate rinds extracts 6, 3, and 1.5 mg/ml, and liman leaves extracts 3 and 1.5 mg/ml. Nauplii body length on plants extract showed no significantly difference compared to control.Conclusion: Based on BSTST, fennel seed and pomegranate rind extracts had no teratogenic effect, kaempferia rhizomes act as larvicide its analog in mamalia as embryo lethal, while coriander seeds and liman leaves extracts potentially had teratogenic properties.
HAIR GROWTH ACTIVITY AND SAFETY TEST OF ETHOSOMAL GEL ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF NOTHOPANAX LEAVES (NOTHOPANAX SCUTELLARIUM MERR.)
Authors: Jufri Mahdi , Amelia Lili , Munim Abdul
Published: August 2017

Objective: The aims of this study were to know the hair growth activity from the ethosomal gel of ethyl acetate fraction compared to the nonethosomal gel of ethyl acetate fraction, as well as its ability to penetrate into the skin and its safety from ethosomal gel testing.Methods: The hair growth activity was measured by three parameters: Hair length, hair thickness, and hair weight.Results: The results obtained are shown that the ethosomal gel with concentration 1% has better hair growth activity rather than the ethosomal gel with concentration 0.5% and the nonethosomal gel but it has similarity to the positive control (minoxidil gel with concentration 2%). In vitro penetration test using Franz diffusion cells shown that the ethosomal gel with concentration 1% has cumulative penetration of quercetin higher than nonethosomal gel, which value was 3.3175±0.02 μgcm−2 for the ethosomal gel with concentration 1%; and 2.7663±0.19 μgcm-2 for the nonethosomal gel with flux values for the ethosomal gel with concentration 1% and the nonethosomal gel, respectively, are 0.4147±0.01 μgcm−2h−1 and 0.3458±0.02 μgcm−2h−1.Conclusion: As for the safety test using hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET- CAM) safety test) have shown that both concentrations 0.5% and 1% of the ethosomal gel can generate mild irritation for topical application.
INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF TREATMENT-RELATED SIDE EFFECTS FOR PATIENTS RECEIVING PLATINUM THERAPY IN AN OUTPATIENT ONCOLOGY CLINIC
Authors: P Indhumathi , Priya E Shanmuga
Published: August 2017

Objective: Platinum agents (PAs) are the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, aiming to induce tumor cell death by cytotoxicity. This leads to have high potential for toxicity and adverse effects. The main objectives of this study were to describe the incidence of side effects caused by platinum therapy and to conclude the management of treatment-related side effects for patients receiving platinum therapy.Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out over a period of 9 months. Laboratory reports of 100 cancer patients were recorded. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 and GraphPad Prism. A p<0.05 (95% confidence interval) was considered significantly throughout the study.Results: Among 100 patients 55% were male and 45% were female. A total of 70% (n=70) patients who received platinum compounds as chemotherapy regimen, among them 97.14% (n=68) patients appears to have anemia. Among the occurrence of adverse drug reactions, the incidence of anemia was found to be significant (n=68, 97.14%). Statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of anemia between PAs and non- PAs treated group (p=0.0001).Conclusion: Among PAs cisplatin-induced anemia and nephrotoxicity appears to be high in this study. There is a need to improve the management of anemia induced by PAs. Since anemia is preventable, this study emphasizes the need to improve the management of anemia induced by PAs.
PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MELOTHRIA MADERASPATANA: A REVIEW
Authors: Paramasivam Indhumathi , Sinsinwar Simran , Muthuraman Meenakshi Sundaram
Published: August 2017

A medicinal plant plays a vital role in traditional systems. It is necessary to study the pharmacology activity of individual plants for treating diseases. Melothria maderaspatana Linn belongs to the family of cucurbitaceae, mostly present in South India and it shows biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, larvicidal, antiulcerogenic, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory and antihepatotoxic for treating various diseases which are discussed in this review paper.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CALLISTEMON CITRINUS FOR ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY IN ALBINO MICE
Authors: Pendyala Vijetha , Thaakur Santhrani
Published: August 2017

Objective: The present study was carried out to find out the antidepressant activity of different fractions of stems and leaves of Callistemon citrinus(CC). The efficacy of the fractions was compared with the standard reference drug imipramine.Methods: All the studies were conducted according to the ethical guidelines of CPCSEA. Healthy adult albino mice weighing 20-30 g were used asexperimental animals. The leaves of CC were extracted with alcohol and fractionated with chloroform and petroleum ether. All the fractions weresubjected for preliminary phytochemical screening, using various qualitative tests. In the present investigation, tail suspension test (TST) and forcedswim test (FST) are selected as animal models for evaluation of antidepressant activity in albino mice.Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of CC has revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, and flavonoids in a hydroalcoholicfraction. Chloroform fraction showed positive results toward flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and steroids. Alcoholic and chloroform extract(100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.) of CC administered orally for 14 successive days had decreased the immobility periods significantly in a dose-dependentmanner in both TST and FST, showing significant antidepressant-like activity. The activities of the extracts were found to be comparable to imipraminein both FST and TST.Conclusions: Although a number of synthetic drugs are being used as a standard treatment for clinically depressed patient, they have adverseeffects that can compromise the therapeutic treatment. In the traditional systems of medicine, many plants and formulations have been used to treatdepression for thousands of years. The results of the study indicate that CC can be used as an antidepressant herb.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF RHIZOMES OF NUPHAR LUTEUM
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Mukhtar Hayat M
Published: August 2017

Objective: This study provides the detailed summary of pharmacognostical characters of rhizomes to give clear standards for the identification ofdrug.Methods: Important details such as macroscopy, microscopy (transverse section [TS] and powder microscopy) along with physico-chemicalparameters (such as loss on drying, ash values, and extractive values), and quantitative studies (i.e foreign matter, length and width of xylem vesselsand calcium oxalate crystals, and diameter of starch grains) were performed by standard procedure.Results: The findings of macroscopic studies revealed that the rhizomes were internally creamish to light brown and dark brown externally withlongitudinal wrinkles. TS and powder microscopy of rhizomes showed the presence of fragments of cork, cellulosic parenchyma; scalariform typexylem vessels, fragments of ligneous parenchyma, lignified astrosclereids, and small ovoid, and rounded starch grains. The mean length and meanwidth of xylem vessels and calcium oxalate crystals were found to be 406 μm (micrometer) and 60.2 μm and 63.36 μm and 48.96 μm. Whereas meandiameter of starch grains was 34.56 μ. Physicochemical standards quantified were foreign organic matter (0.2%), total ash (12.3%), acid insolubleash (6.3%), water soluble ash (3%), loss on drying (12.5%), alcohol-soluble extractive value (32.6%), and water soluble extractive value (27.6%).Conclusion: As various pharmacognostical and physico-chemical parameters have pivotal roles in authentication, identification and establishmentsof quality parameters of the plant. This study was conducted for this purpose.
MYXEDEMA MADNESS: AN INTRIGUING CASE OF DEPRESSION IN HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Patil Navin , Rao Karthik , Naaz Humeera , Ommurugan Balaji , Baiju Gayathri , Naik Ananda , Sira Hargun Singh
Published: August 2017

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome due to deficiency of thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone is responsible for maintaining the brain hemostasis and helps in central nervous system global development. There have been studies on the association of psychiatric illness with thyroid deficiency and strikingly found to be presenting feature of hypothyroidism in many patients. Literature evidence also says that underlying hypothyroidism may lead to failure of psychiatric treatment. Hence, we report a case of hypertensive patient on medications started with antidepressants and antipsychotics after being diagnosed of depression but was found to be resistant to psychiatric medications and later successfully treated with levothyroxine for underlying hypothyroidism with myxedema.
G-QUADRUPLEX LIGANDS AS STABILIZER TARGETING TELOMERASE ENZYME AS ANTI CANCER AGENTS
Authors: Cn Hemalatha , M Vijey Aanandhi , M Vijey Aanandhi
Published: August 2017

The human telomere stabilization with G-Quadruplex DNA tends to induce apoptosis. The molecular target of telomere cascade with a rigid molecular may show efficacious to treat cancer. The study of intercalation to human telomeric DNA with proposed ligand can be evaluated by the help of biophysical studies and biological studies. G-Quadruplex is one of the key epigenetic episodes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, generally found in the telomeric end region, immunoglobulin switch recombination and the lagging strand of the DNA. These chemotherapeutic advances are not enough to maintain a life expectancy of cancer affected patients. A number of G-Quadruplex ligands such as acridine, perylene, and anthraquinones have been synthesized reported and evaluated them for the inhibitor activity. Therefore, translational research can pave the novel prospect to treat cancer in a fundamental way. In that connection, basic research showed G-Quadruplex phenomenon of DNA, which is having a great impact in this chemotherapy.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND KINESITHERAPY TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL TORTICOLLIS MUSCULAR
Authors: Durguti Zheralldin , Murtezani Ardiana , Gara Eqrem , Durguti Teuta
Published: August 2017

Objective: Torticollis is a deformity characterized by the lateral flexion of the head to the arm on the side of the localization of deformity and its rotation on the opposite side. The aim of this paper is to identify the clinical characteristics that have an impact on the progression of the congenital muscular cramping, as well as to show the role of kinesitherapy in the treatment of torticollis.Methods: The research was conducted in the “Therapy” - Physical Therapy Clinic in Pristina, in the 2-year period since February 2014 until 2016. The total number of infants diagnosed with torticollis is 160, ranging from 0 to 9 months. At the beginning of the research, the examinations of all infants were performed, all the necessary tests, measurements, and motor functions. Afterward, they were rehabilitated for 3 consecutive weeks with 5 sessions per week, a total of 15 sessions for each. After the rehabilitation was completed, over again, the same tests were made as it was done in the beginning. Questionnaires were completed on the first and last visit for all infants.Results: In the first visit of the infants’ examination, there was no significant difference between the groups (Chi-test=0.96, p=0.1), whereas in the second examination, after 15 rehabilitation sessions, there was a significant difference in improvement of all the treated groups with kinesiotherapy. Significant result was achieved in mobility where at the beginning of the treatment, there was a very large limitation of neck mobility (different mean = −31.0±10.0.95% CI: 33.7-−28.2, p<0.001). A small limitation of mobility remained only among some third-degree infants in the 6-9 month age group because of the time appearance for physical treatment was delayed (different mean = −27.8±12.6, 95%, CI: 31.2-−24.4, p<0.001).Conclusion: From the results of our research on kinesiotherapy with infant toddlers with torticollis, we conclude that kinesitherapy has a primary and very successful effect on the treatment of babies with muscular torticollis.
THE CURRENT SCREENING TECHNOLOGIES OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Asmara Holifa Saheera , Haque Mainul
Published: August 2017

Diabetes is commonly observed as a complexity and alteration of metabolic pathways through the oxidative stress and inflammations. It is a chronic condition, which has shown adverse effects and damages mechanisms. A broad study involving latest technologies has been conducted to view the alteration of gene expressions in order to understand the underlying of diabetes complications, a high rank of mortal disease worldwide, which demands a high cost of treatments and medications. Current technology has engaged with the method of gene expression detection, which is available in the laboratory settings, includes microarray system, real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and next gene sequencing (NGS). The output from gene expressions studies contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism, promising a better possible gene target therapy and preventions.
PHEDRA: using real-world data to analyze treatment patterns and ibrutinib effectiveness in hematological malignancies
Authors: Garside Jamie , Healy Nollaig , Besson Hervé , Hermans Ruben , MacDougall Finlay , Lestelle Damien , Diels Joris , Iraqi Wafae
Published: August 2017

Aim:
PHEDRA (Platform for Haematology in EMEA: Data for Real World Analysis) is a unique, noninterventional project based on secondary data collection from real-world (RW) patient-level (health record) databases to understand treatment patterns in hematological malignancies. It compares ibrutinib's effectiveness with alternative treatments using RW data (RWD) and randomized clinical trials data.
Materials & methods:
RWD are cleaned, validated, harmonized into a Common Data Model, and analyzed statistically alongside randomized clinical trial data. Treatment outcomes include overall and progression-free survival.
Results:
To date, RWD (four databases) are available for 2840 patients in three indications, collected between 1990 and 2017.
Conclusion:
PHEDRA is an innovative approach to generate evidence to inform optimal treatment decisions in RW settings.
La educación religiosa en Costa Rica: la intersección de lo político y lo eclesial
Authors: Méndez José Mario
Published: August 2017

Este artigo explora a confluência de interesses políticos e eclesiásticos na educação religiosa costarricense. O mapa religioso atual de Costa Rica, caracterizado pela presença de diversidade de tradições espirituais exige outra educação religiosa com outro tipo de confluências: uma educação orientada ao reconhecimento da diversidade de crenças e a construção de uma cultura de paz.
Das prateleiras às mãos.
Authors: Silva Rovilson José da , Bortolin Sueli
Published: August 2017

Das prateleiras às mãos.
Los derechos humanos en el sistema juridico de Rusia: tradición y modernización (análisis comparativo)
Authors: Abrámova Marianna
Published: August 2017

El presente trabajo aborda el tema de los derechos humanos en Rusia. Se estudian primeramente aspectos históricos del derecho constitucional de ese país, donde la primera carta magna en la historia fue la Constitución socialista de 1918. Luego se enfocan las tradiciones constitucionales soviéticas, cuando los derechos socioeconómicos predominaban sobre los derechos políticos. Para el estudio se recurre a la Constitución vigente rusa de 1993, en la que por primera vez en la historia de ese país hay novedades de derechos personales y políticos. Eso se puede valorar como la modernización de la concepción de derechos humanos en Rusia. Pero los desafíos económicos y sociales del periodo actual legislativo estipulan una actitud más flexible, que podría combinar los derechos socioeconómicos con los derechos políticos y personales para poder garantizar la estabilidad del Estado ruso.
Flexibilidad y desigualdad en Chile: el derecho social en un contexto neoliberal
Authors: Arellano O. Pablo , Gamonal C. Sergio
Published: August 2017

En este trabajo se analizan las tensiones que cruzan tanto al derecho del trabajo como al derecho de la seguridad social en el Chile posdictadura. El sistema neoliberal se ha mantenido en democracia, aunque se han hecho numerosas enmiendas al marco legal, lo que conlleva que si bien el PIB per cápita supera los 22,000 dólares, la mayoría absoluta de los chilenos sobreviven bajo precarias condiciones de trabajo y de seguridad social.
El derecho comparado en la jurisdicción constitucional brasileña
Authors: Bastide Horbach Carlos
Published: August 2017

En el presente trabajo se analizará el uso que el Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileño hace del derecho comparado. El texto resume los principales debates teóricos sobre el método comparativo y su aplicación en la jurisdicción constitucional, a fin de valorar si los ministros del tribunal utilizan de forma correcta o no las fuentes extranjeras, en particular, en las sentencias relativas a la investigación con células madre embrionarias y la unión civil entre personas del mismo sexo.
A cultura política do fascismo: Benito Mussolini e Carl Schmitt
Authors: Bueno Roberto
Published: August 2017

Este artigo focaliza a formação da cultura fascista e totalitária no século XX a partir da análise do texto de Benitto Mussolini, La doctrina del fascismo, e como ideias centrais do fascismo reverberaram em Carl Schmitt, particularmente em seu Staat, Bewegung, Volk. A identificação das origens conceituais do fascismo deve permitir a melhor compreensão de suas linhas formas de aparição moderna e as vias de seu ataque ao Estado democrático de direito contemporâneo.