bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inventory of Geological Records in the Carmo Natural Park, São Paulo, Brazil: An Incentive for Geoconservation
Authors: Rodrigues Esther F. , Velázquez Victor F. , Biazoto Fabio
Published: November 2022

With an area of 2,339 km2, the Carmo Natural Park is located in the eastern part of the São Paulo metropolitan region and offers a range of basic services for visitors to enjoy a variety of cultural attractions and outdoor sports activities. From a conservation perspective, the geological units and structures that have been cataloged also have high educational potential. These records reveal tectonic events and/or metamorphic processes that occurred hundreds of millions of years ago and can be used for a variety of academic proposals and different groups of people to develop new cognitive skills and understand the geological processes that have shaped the landscape of the Earth’s surface. A clear understanding of the mechanisms by which geological features were formed will help the general population find effective solutions to the challenges posed by different geological processes that directly affect daily lives. In light of what has been mentioned, and given that the selected geosites bring together lithological units that provide ideal conditions to illustrate and explain a set of geological processes that have occurred at different scales and magnitudes, the integration of these data with other areas of knowledge, in particular with those of land use planning, should allow the implementation of programs to minimize geological risks, environmental protection, and rational use of non-renewable natural resource.
Biomass and Carbon Capture in Trees at Amelia Earhart Park, Miami Dade County, Florida, US
Authors: Perez Antonio Mijail , Maul Dora Pilar , Cendan Luis Alfredo
Published: November 2022

In the context of climate change, scientists strive to look for ways to calculate the constant CO2 emissions as well as carbon sequestration to find solutions to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. In this context, it is important to recognize that trees within urban environments operate as “carbon sinks” that significantly contribute to the effort of reducing carbon in the atmosphere.  During previous studies in biomass and carbon stock determination conducted in the St. Thomas University campus we have found evidence that “urban forests” play an important role in sequestering carbon from the atmosphere and can serve as a foundation for developing biomass recordings within nearby locations, to support the importance of increasing the number of parks and hardwood trees in urban environments that operate as “carbon sinks”. Our project was conducted in the Amelia Earhart Park, in Hialeah, Florida, with the purpose of calculating the amount of Biomass and Carbon Stock produced by the hardwood trees and palm trees in selected areas of the park. Tree perimeters were measured using a tailor’s tape as a first step to determining their biomass. Data transformation and allometric equations were used to determine biomass and carbon stock. The objectives of our project were (1) to determine the average total biomass and carbon stock (expressed in Kg and Mg) in selected locations, 2) compare the biomass and carbon sequestration between hardwood trees and palm trees. The overall biomass was 706,437.95 Kg (706.44 Mg), and overall, Carbon Stock was 332,026 Kg (332.02 Mg. The area sampled constitutes around 25% of the park land area, so if we extrapolate to the whole land area of the park, we could say that the overall biomass would be roughly 2,825,751.80 Kg (2,825.75 Mg), and Carbon Stock ca. 1,328,104 Kg (1,328.10 Mg). In order to calculate the totals, we only used Brown & Iverson equation. In conclusion, total Biomass calculated expressed by area is 33.9 Mg Ha-1, and Carbon Stock is 15.93 Mg Ha-1. This information strongly supports the importance of increasing the number of parks, and hardwood trees in urban environments that operate as “carbon sinks”, and consequently carbon reservoirs. Total Biomass for Hardwood trees was 689,218.93 Kg (689.22 Mg), and Total biomass for Palm Trees was 17,219.02 Kg (17.22 Mg) (Tables 3 to 8). Differences in Biomass between hardwood trees, and palm trees, are very significant (T= 7.67, p< 0.01). Between the palm trees and hardwood, 16 species were identified in different areas of the Amelia Earhart Park. Of the palm trees, Sabal palmetto and Sabal mexicana palm are the most abundant with over 68 trees in total. Of hardwood trees, Casuarina equisetifolia and Quercus virginiana are the most abundant with over 430 trees combined.
Gravity Without Newton’s Gravitational Constant and No Knowledge of the Mass Size
Authors: Haug Espen Gaarder
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we show that the Schwarzschild radius can be extracted easily from any gravitationally-linked phenomena without having knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant or the mass size of the gravitational object. Further, the Schwarzschild radius can be used to predict a long series of gravity phenomena accurately, again without knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant and also without knowledge of the size of the mass, although this may seem surprising at first. Hidden within the Schwarzschild radius are the more fundamental mass of the gravitational object, the Planck length, which we will assert contain the secret essence related to gravity, in addition to the speed of light (the speed of gravity). This seems to support that gravity is quantized, even at the cosmological scale, and this quantization is directly linked to the Planck units. This also supports our view that Newton’s gravitational constant is a universal composite constant of the form G = l2pc3/h , rather than relying on the Planck units as a function of G. This does not mean that Newton’s gravitational constant is not a universal constant, but rather that it is a composite universal constant, which depends on the Planck length, the speed of light, and the Planck constant. This is, to our knowledge, the first paper1 that shows how a long series of major gravity predictions and measurements can be completed without any knowledge of the mass size of the object, or Newton’s gravitational constant. At minimum, we think it provides an interesting new angle for evaluating existing theories of gravitation.
Capacity Building and Empowerment of Communities Through Development of Irrigation Schemes in Kenya
Authors: Wachira Anita W. , Karimi Lilian M. , Kabuti Vincent
Published: November 2022

The goal of this study was to explore the effect of Irrigations Schemes Development (as rooted in; Vision 2030, Kenya Big Four Agenda, ASTGS and National Irrigation Authority Strategic Plan 2019-2023) on capacity building and empowerment of communities. Specifically, the study sought to access the effect of irrigation scheme development on; Education and Training, Clean Water and Sanitation, Youth Access to Funds, Housing Type, Food Security, Job Diversity, Access to Health Care Services, Changing Demand, Irrigation Orientation and Water Harvest. Descriptive design was used as a road map of the study. A sample size of 395 respondents was drawn from a target population of 35,041 households living around the irrigation scheme in Mara Region, Tharaka-Nithi County-Kenya, subjected to a 95% confidence level. Convenience sampling was adopted to drum up participants. Primary data was collected using interview method. A semi-structured interview guide with Likert scale rating was used as a checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data. Study results indicated that Development of Irrigation Schemes contributed to capacity building and empowerment of Kenyan communities by; facilitating access to clean water and sanitation within homesteads (77%) enabling sufficient food and balanced diet throughout the year (197; 56%). Statistically, the study showed that infrastructure was significantly associated with capacity building (ρ=0.03). In addition, the irrigation scheme improved the lifestyle of the locals through access to health care services and comfortable housing. From the income earned from farming, out of 395, only 105 (30%) and 47 (12%) could afford to educate their families to secondary and tertiary level respectively. According to the study, an acre of irrigated land employees an average of eight people on a full-time basis. The study highlighted challenges in water storage and maintenance which can be addressed by involving Kenyan government agencies, County government agencies, the private sector and other stakeholders in the development and provision of sufficient water storage facilities. From the results finding there is need for comprehensive research within the irrigation scheme through agricultural research and development to address the concerns of the future effects of chemical use on the health of the locals. The study recommends that local authorities renew the engagement of agricultural extension workers.  Additionally, to counter the bargaining power of middlemen, farmer welfare organizational structures should be operationalized.
Analysis of Anthropogenic Pressure in the UFA Pokola Production Series, Sangha, Congo
Authors: Bakouetila Gilles Freddy Mialoundama , Massamba Rostand Loïck , Ngandzo Hippolyte Pepin Ndey , Koubouana Felix , Bitsindou Harley Bittson
Published: November 2022

The phenomenon of anthropization of the production series of the Pokola forest management unit is an acute problem. This study aimed, among other things, to analyze the anthropogenic pressure of local communities and indigenous populations (CLPA) in the production series as well as to suggest prospects for improving this phenomenon. Data collection and analysis favored a qualitative rather than a quantitative approach. It appears from this study that this phenomenon is due to the difficulty of access to agricultural land in the municipality of Pokola, the increased demand for agricultural products, the lack of land subdivision in the municipality of Pokola, etc. Despite knowing the limits of the community development series (62%) and given the demographic and spatial growth of the municipality of Pokola, some CLPAs are forced to carry out their activities in the production series, an area reserved for production. lumber. Illegal occupations concern food crops and cash crops which are the origin of forest clearing, camps and some dwellings. Better management of access to land in the community development series is necessary to mitigate this phenomenon.
The Selection of Dancers Characteristics and Particularities
Authors: Sofron Oana-Alina , Țifrea Corina
Published: November 2022

DanceSport is part of the category of expressive sports, being in a continuous transformation and evolution, whose regulations are constantly adapting to society and to present times and offering a complex spectacle. For athletes – dancers to assert themselves on the dance floor, during competitions, many more elements and aspects are needed and not just their interest or desire to participate. Several mandatory conditions need to be considered, the first of which is staged selection, thus following the selection criteria of each stage. Given the diversity of forms that selection can take in expression sports (according to certain principles) and at the same time, taking stock of the most used terms in the field, we further set out certain models and classification criteria but also methods and forms of selection.
In order to materialize the aforementioned information and without claiming to be exhaustive, we affirm that the nature of the evidence and its specificity but also, the new ways to learn and improve the process must be considered.
In any sport, the selection is a long process that requires seriousness, perseverance, and exigency from all those who are involved, still, it is recommended to consider both the particularities of the sport and the particularities of each dancer.
Acute Effects of Marathon Running on Lung Function, Lung Mechanics, and Inflammation
Authors: Gibson Alves Thiago G. , Sierra Ana P. R. , Moraes Ferreira Renilson , Brandão-Rangel Maysa A. R. , Silva-Reis Anamei , De Lima Tiago A. , De Oliveira Luis V. F. , Boaventura Maria F. C. , Albertini Regiane , Bachi Andre L. L. , Vieira Rodolfo P.
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the influence of the marathon on lung function, mechanics, and pulmonary inflammation. Twenty-eight male amateur marathon runners (42.1±6.2 years) were evaluated before and immediately after marathon. Pulmonary function and mechanics were assessed using spirometry and impulse oscillometry, respectively, whereas fatigue of the respiratory muscles by manovacuometry and lung inflammation by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Marathon induced a significant reduction in the lung function as compared to baseline values: FVC (4.81±0.72 vs 4.67±0.62, p=0.0095), VC IN (4.81±0.72 vs 4.67±0.62, p=0.009), FEV1 (3.83±0.62 vs 3.72±0.59, p=0.0232), and FEV6 (4.87±0.68 vs 4.57±0.63, p=0.0006), as well as an impairment in the lung mechanics in comparison to baseline values: reduced pulmonary impedance (Z5Hz; 2.96±1.36 vs 2.67±1.11; p=0.0305), reduced resistance of the whole respiratory system (R5Hz; 2.76±1.27 vs 2.5±1.08; p=0.0388) and pulmonary reactance (X5Hz; -1.05±0.55 vs -0.91±0.36; p=0.0101) and of resistance of proximal airways (R5Hz; 1.26±0.73 vs 1.06±0.86; p= 0.0377). In addition, maximal inspiratory (MIP; 94.14±41.88 vs 72.52±25.50; p=0.0023) and expiratory (MEP; 99.31±31.84 vs 91.29±19.94; p=0.0454) pressures, as well as FeNO levels were lower after the marathon than values pre-marathon (p=0.0359). Marathon running causes an acute disturbance in lung function and mechanics and compromises respiratory muscle strength.
The Death of Cryonics: Factors Related to Its Poor Uptake
Authors: Ahmad Ayesha , Dein Simon
Published: November 2022

Cryonics is a technique for freezing dead bodies at very low temperatures in the hope they will be revived at some time in the future when medical technology becomes available. At present, there are no known revival methods; however, the role of innovation in medical practice leads certain individuals to hypothesize that death will be reversible in the future. While cryonics might resonate with certain questionable contemporary Western cultural themes of death denial and neoliberalism its uptake remains minuscule. Several reasons may be pertinent. First cryonics does not fit with existing western cultural views of death and medicine. Second, poor marketing, prohibitive cost, and the lack of involvement with the funerary industry may be significant factors impacting poor intake. Third, the cryonics discourse around ideas of ‘death’ constructs a barrier that prevents ‘outsiders’ from relating to the task of cryonicists.  Fourth, the general public may have a poor understanding of this technology. Finally, there may be religious objections and cultural reductions due to the lack of ritual and thus no possibility of memorializing the dead, which impacts the human appeal of cryonics.
The Effect of Dividend Policy on Stock Prices of LQ-45 Company in the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Kurnia Wella , Subhan Muhammad , Ahmad Defri
Published: November 2022

An investment choice is a dividend policy. Either the company's gains will be given to shareholders as dividends, or they will be maintained as earnings to finance future investments. The dividend payout ratio and dividend yield are the dividend policy indicators utilised in this study. This study seeks to examine the impact of dividend payout ratio (DPR) and dividend yield on the stock prices of LQ-45 businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Multiple linear regression analysis is employed. The results indicated that the dividend payout ratio and dividend yield had no effect on the stock prices of the LQ-45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. According to multiple linear regression analysis results, obtained sig value (0.606) > α (0.05).
Validity of Interactive Learning Media Using Sparkol Videoscribe on Limits of Algebra Functions for Class XI IPS 1 SMAN 12 Padang
Authors: Miranty Novita Sari  , Sefna Rismen  , Lovia Lita
Published: November 2022

The development of IT in the 21st century has become the main complement in every learning activity such as using learning media. Learning media is a tool that can help the learning process so that learning objectives are conveyed. This study aims to produce interactive learning media using Sparkol Videoscribe on valid algebraic function limits. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) research with a four-D (4-D) development model. The subjects in this study were students of class XI IPS 1 SMAN 12 Padang. The data collection technique used a validation sheet. The results of this study are: Validity of interactive learning media using Sparkol Videoscribe which is designed to be very valid with the percentage results obtained 95.99% with a very valid category. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the validity of interactive learning media using Sparkol Videoscribe is valid and feasible to use on the material limit of algebraic functions for class XI IPS 1 SMAN 12 Padang.
Applying the Political Marketing Model to the Far-Right Political Party Kotlebovci – People's Party Our Slovakia
Authors: Šimková Patrícia
Published: November 2022

Researching the political marketing of far-right parties is one of the tools for understanding their behaviour on the political spectrum. The thematic line of the article, focused on the political marketing of far-right political party from the Slovak party system, Kotlebovci – Ľudová strana Naše Slovensko (ĽSNS)/People’s Party Our Slovakia, analysed marketing strategies and marketing tools in the political campaigns of ĽSNS after parliamentary elections 2016 until today. The main objective of the article was to apply Lees-Marshment’s model of political marketing to the People’s party Our Slovakia, and find out the party's ability to change, or adapt their political product, and thus their position on the political spectrum. A modified version of the product-oriented party and the market-oriented party in one model was used to apply the political marketing model. The author analysed the available data and to evaluate them. It used statistical, sociological, and marketing data and findings from research carried out by their own content analysis of political programs and documents. An analysis focused on segmentation, targeting and positioning was used for. By applying of the model of political marketing to the political party, the paper explains the correlation between the setting of a political campaign and the profiling of the political party, in the meaning of monitoring the ability of the political party to change its political product and the ability to change its position on the political spectrum. Additionally, the paper offers too an alternative view of the study of far-right political parties’ behaviour in general.
Development of the Discussions on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems Under Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
Authors: Chrvalová Lujza
Published: November 2022

Since 2013 a debate on lethal autonomous weapon systems has come to the forefront under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW). These weapon systems are still under development, and individual states and non-state actors have different views on their potential deployment in the future, which had a decisive impact on proceedings of the CCW meetings. The aim of the study was to identify the key positive and negative outcomes of individual meetings, issues, on which parties have not yet reached a consensus, and to analyse the development of the CCW membership base in terms of involvement of governmental and non-governmental subjects, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meetings. The study was conducted using a synthesis of data regarding individual CCW meetings of high contracting parties and other entities, which were basis for the qualitative analysis and comparison method. In conclusion, the author described the creation of a platform of experts for lethal autonomous weapon systems, eleven guiding principles and four approaches to defining these weapon systems as the most significant benefits of the CCW debates. In terms of COVID-19 pandemic, the negative impact was identified for developing countries. Based on the findings in the study the author does not expect creation of an international legislative act banning lethal autonomous weapon systems in the short- or medium-term period.
Challenges and Lessons from Novel Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Choijilsuren Gansukh , Bat-Erdene Ariunzaya , Lkhagvasuren Enkhsaikhan
Published: November 2022

No absract  in  English
Current Situation of Anemia Management among Hemodialysis Patients in Mongolia
Authors: Evsanaa Baigalmaa , Bukhbat Suvd , Damdinsuren Khurtsbayar , Dolgorsuren Munkhzul , Buyanjargal Dulguun , Dagvasumberel Munkhbaatar , Gombojav Bayasgalan , Togtokh Ariunaa , Tsogbadrakh Odgerel
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to determine the current practice of anemia management prevalent among hemodialysis patients in Mongolia. Furthermore, we assessed the appropriateness of anemia management by comparing the observed practice to evidence-based clinical guidelines. Methods: A survey was conducted on 132 patients undergoing hemodialysis in State First Hospital, State Third Hospital, ICU Dialysis Center, and Intermed Hospital. All patients who were over 18 years of age with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis were included. Patients were excluded if they had cancer, were receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or undergoing dialysis less than three times per week. Data on anemia parameters, erythropoietin dosing, iron supplementation, in addition to demographic data, were collected. The data were collected over a one year retrospectively from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Patients were assessed according to a pre-specified protocol. Results: Data were collected from 132 patients. The mean Hgb value for those patients was 10.31 ± 1.59 g/dL. Seventy-four patients (56.1%) had mean Hgb values between 9.5 and 11.5 g/dL, the target range recommended by KDIGO guidelines. The mean weekly prescribed dose of erythropoietin was 3825 ± 5054 IU/week (57 ± 72 IU/kg/week). Information on ferritin concentrations was available for 32 (24.2%) patients. The median serum ferritin concentration for those patients was 95.41 ng/mL (IQR=40.83 - 259.27). None of the patients had transferrin saturation (TSAT) values recorded. Conclusion: There is an opportunity to improve anemia management in hemodialysis patients in Mongolia through the evaluation of secondary causes of low response to erythropoietin and better monitoring and management of iron status.
Impact of Hepatitis D Coinfection on the Hepatitis Flare during Chemotherapy for B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Budeebazar Myagmarjav , Enkhbat Anir , Boldbaatar Delgerbat , Batsukh Khishigjargal , Murdoj Altankhuu , Dungubat Erdenetsogt , Yagaanbuyant Dagvadorj , Dashdorj Naranjargal , Duger Davaadorj
Published: November 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the effect of Hepatitis B infection with or without D coinfection on the hepatitis flare associated with chemotherapy for B-Cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Methods: The hepatitis flare related to the chemotherapy for newly diagnosed B-Cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma was studied in HBV mono-infected and HBV and HDV coinfected patients between 2015 and 2018. Results: Nineteen HBsAg positive patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. In the group with the hepatitis flare, 14.3% were anti-HDV negative and 83.3% were anti-HDV positive (p<.006). Also, the hepatitis flare occurred in all patients where HDV-RNA was detected, while it had occurred in 60% of patients where HDV-RNA was not detected. Conclusion: The hepatitis flare related to chemotherapy occurred more frequently in B-Cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients coinfected with HBV and HDV without antiviral prophylaxis, especially when HDV-RNA was detected.
Effect of Musk on Neurons in the Pattern of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gochoo Radnaa , Namsrai Oyuntsetseg , Begzsuren Dagvatseren , Jargalsaikhan Bat-Erdene , Lkhagvasuren Enkhsaikhan , Chimedtseren Chimedragchaa
Published: November 2022

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of musk1 after brain ischemia in rats. Methods: The middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats was established by thread occlusion and reperfusion was performed 90 minutes after ischemia. The reperfusion was performed separately on the first, third, and seventh day of the week after brain ischemia. The ischemia area was detected and the expressions of Arg-1, BCL-2, and lba-1 were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results: The result of immunofluorescence showed that treatment with musk 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for the first, third, and seventh days significantly improved the neurological function and increased the protein expression of Arg-1 and BCL-2 in the ischemic hemisphere of brains in rats. Also, the ischemic area was reduced. Conclusions: The research results confirms that Mongolian Badanga2 musk in 100 mg/kg doses, has functions of protecting neuro cells, supporting neurogenesis against inflammation, improving neuro tissues regeneration, and reducing ischemic areas through increasing brain tissues Arg-1 and BCL-2 protein's expressions, and reducing lba-1 proteins expressions.
Comparative Study on Macroscopic Anatomy of Human Placenta in Term and Post Term Pregnancy
Authors: Erdenebat Saruulsaikhan , Jamsranjav Enkhtsetseg , Odkhuu Erdenezaya , Tsogzolbaatar Enkh-Oyun , Dorjkhuu Amgalanbaatar , Sundui Enebish
Published: November 2022

Objectives: We aimed to compare the macroscopic anatomy of human placenta in term and post-term pregnancy. Methods: This maternity hospital-based comparative study was carried out in Mongolia, in the year 2017-2018. For study purposes, placentae were collected from 1061 women between 17-44 years of age with live birth only. Term: 38 weeks to 40 weeks gestational period, and post-term: beyond 41 weeks gestational period. The macroscopic features of the placentae were measured as a standard protocol that is approved Department of Anatomy, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. Results: A total of rounded shapes was found in 72% of cases and oval in 26.3% cases, irregular shape in 1.7% cases of the three shape groups. The width and the weight of the placenta (t = 7.20, t = 13.27 respectively) were compared between groups term and post-term found to be significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that irrespective of term or post-term placentae, most of the placentae were round in shape. The averages of placental morphometric parameters of both of term or post-term placentae are in the normal limit. This study concludes that as the gestational period increases length, width, thickness, and weight of placenta increases in different.
Effectiveness of Long-Term Rehabilitation Treatment After Stroke
Authors: Shirmen Batchimeg , Oidov Batgerel , Tsegmid Naran , Bayartsogt Batzorig , Guntev Tsagaankhuu , Avirmed Baljinnyam
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability. Therefore, we studied the effects of comprehensive long-term rehabilitation after stroke in improving the quality of life. Methods: Participants were compared in an experimental intervention model, with 120 control subjects, which received conventional short-stay inpatient hospitalization rehab, with 105 study subjects who received comprehensive rehabilitation program using the Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association starting in the hospital and extending for 6 months. The effects of rehabilitation were assessed Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Barthel Index (BI) methods at admission, discharge, and 3 and 6 months after discharge. Results: There was no significant difference in the NIHSS, mRS, BI, and FIM scores between study and control patients at admission (p > 0.05). For the mRS, BI, and FIM scores, there was a significant interaction between treatment and time, indicating that the scores improved more rapidly for patients in the study group than the control group over the six-month study period (p < 0.001). A significant improvement in the scores with time was observed in the study and control groups at each time interval (p < 0.001). However, by 3 months after discharge the mRS, BI, and FIM scores of the study group were significantly better than the control group and the gap widened at 6 months, indicating further improvement. Conclusions: We found that providing prolonged by a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team results in higher functional independence and improvements in daily living activities.
Snell’s Clinical Neuroanatomy
Authors: Dalkhsuren Shine-Od
Published: November 2022

No abstract in English
Facial Soft Tissue Profile Analysis in Mongolian Children
Authors: Purevjav Erdenebulgan , Radnaadorj Altanzul , Ganburged Ganjargal , Mashbat Badamtsetseg , Bazar Amarsaikhan , Moriyama Keiji , Gombojav Bayasgalan
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the specific variables of facial soft tissue changes in Mongolian children using angular and linear measurements. Methods: We studied the lateral cephalograms of 541 subjects (228 male and 313 females) having normal occlusion between the ages of 6 and 15 years. Two orthodontists read all radiographs to determine their cerebral vertebral maturation index (CVMI). The radiographs were digitized and cephalometric measurements were made. Results: The Gl'-Sn-Pg' angle for all participants was 170.2 ± 5.4°. The Nasofrontal Gl’-N’-Tn’ angle was 147.2 ± 7.6° for all participants. It decreased with CVMI stage for girls (p = 0.000). The Nasofacial angle Tn- N'- Pog' angle averaged 20.4 ± 7.7° for all participants. The Nasomental angle N'- Tn-Pog' angle on averaged 144.9 ± 4.3° for all participants. It decreased with the CVMI stage for girls (p = 0.000). The Mentocervical Tn-Pog Me-NTP angle was significantly larger in boys than girls (107.8 ± 8.6° vs. 105.3 ± 7.8°, p = 0.001). The Nasolabial angle Ls-Sn-Col angle averaged 100.8 ± 10.6° for all subjects. It decreased with the CVMI stage for both boys (p = 0.043) and girls (p = 0.021). The distance between the E line and TUL was significantly larger in boys than girls (1.7 ± 2.1 vs. 1.2 ± 2.0 mm, p = 0.004). It also significantly decreased with the CVMI stage for both boys (p = 0.033) and girls (p = 0.000). The space between the E line and TLL averaged 1.9 ± 2.0 mm for all subjects. It did not differ by gender. However, it decreased with the CVMI in both boys (p = 0.022) and girls (p = 0.006). Conclusions: We have provided important results for comparing cephalometric soft-tissue values in Mongolian children in this study. These results provide a valuable guide for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment in our country.
Essential Cell Biology
Authors: Enkhbat Tumenjin
Published: November 2022

No abstract in English
Effect of Antischemin Preparations on Hypoxia
Authors: Sodovjamts Oyuntsetseg , Miegombo Ambaga , Bandi Sarantsetseg , Ser-Od Khishigjargal
Published: November 2022

Objectives: We have aimed to determine the anti-hypoxic action of antischemin, an active anti-inflammatory drug that protects brain cells from damage and death during cerebral hemorrhage and hypoxia. Methods: We have studied antischemin made from Astragalus membraneceus roots, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots, and Gingko Biloba leaves denizen in Mongolia and compared its protective effect against hypoxia compared to each of its constituents alone 6 groups of 8 mice. Normobaric hypoxia resistance as well as tissue hypoxia resistance was determined. Results: For antischemin preparation 100 mg/kg, the tolerance of normobaric hypoxia was 42 minutes or 47.2% higher in the treatment group (p < 0.001), and the latent period of hypoxia was increased by 22.7% (p < 0.05). The period of hypoxia increased 32% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Antischemin has been shown to make tissue more resistant to hypoxia and and have more anti-hypoxic activity than its constituents alone.
Ultrasound-Guided Unilateral Posterior TAP Block for Lower Abdominal Surgery in Children
Authors: Boldbaatar Odgerel , Lundeg Ganbold , Orgoi Sergelen
Published: November 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in children. Methods: Children between 3-18 years of age on whom lower abdominal surgeries were preformed are included in this random control trial (RCT). The parents signed a written consent form. Patients were randomized into control and study groups. Every group was divided into subgroups either with or without inflammation. Results: There were no differences between the two studied groups regarding demographic and clinical characteristics. Hemodynamics were more stable in the study group than in the control group. After induction, BP decreased in all groups and increased after surgical incision except for the transversus abdominis plane elective (TAP + Elec) group. An elevated white blood cell count was used as the mean indicator of inflammation. The opioid usage during the operation was significantly different in the subgroups (p = 0.000). The relationship between WBC and opioid usage was weak, positive, and statistically significant. Postoperative pain and pain medication requirements were lower in the TAP block group. Conclusion: Transversus abdominis plane block under ultrasound guidance is easy, safe, reliable, and adequate for analgesia in children. This method can decrease surgical and postoperative pain and analgesic requirements.
CBCT Evaluation of Cortical Bone Thickness for Orthodontic Mini-Screw
Authors: Rashsuren Oyuntugs , Batmunkh Erdenebulgan , Bold Juramt , Sundui Enebish , Zolzaya Sunjidmaa , Batbayar Enkh-Orchlon , Ganburged Ganjargal
Published: November 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to assess mandibular and maxillary cortical bone thickness using a cone beam computer tomogram (CBCT) image to determine the safe zone to insert mini-screws. Methods: In this three factorial design study, we included 100 subjects divided into age group 1 (age 16-44 yrs.) and age group 2 (age 26-42 yrs.) that had taken a CBCT in the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University Medical Sciences (MNUMS) from 2014-2021 We used CBCT images in the 100 subjects that were obtained with DENTRI (HDXWILL, Seoul, Korea) using OnDemand3D software for linear measurements. Results: The maxillary cortical bone thickness was heavier in the male gender at the premolar region level of 5 mm in age group I. Maximum maxillary cortical bone thickness as measured 7 mm from the Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) between the 1st premolar and 2nd premolar was 0.99 mm, and the mandibular cortical bone thickness as measured 7 mm from the CEJ between the 1st molar and 2nd molar was 2.11 mm. Conclusion: This suggests that the maxillar and mandibular molar teeth cortical bone thickness on the buccal side of 7mm from the CEJ is considered to be the safest position to implant mini screws in cortical bone.
Case of Somatoform Disorder Due to COVID-19 Induced Trauma
Authors: Enkhbaatar Munkh , Guntev Tsagaankhuu , Davaasuren Oyunsuren , Altankhuyag Mongoljin , Regzedmaa Enkhtuvshin , Ravjir Oyungerel , Lhagvajav Munkhtuya , Galdan Narantuya , Davaa Naranzul , Zuunnast Khishigsuren
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to mental health problems, such as phobia, anxiety, insomnia, and depression. We report the case of somatoform disorder due to psychological trauma associated with COVID-19 disease. Method: Diagnosis was based on mental state examination and the patho-psychological testing. Results: A 70 years old female presented many somatic complaints. She had 12 visits to a specialist during more than 4 months, 4 hospital admissions, and was involved in many tests and treatments, but with no beneficial results. On mental state examination and patho-psychological testing were found anxiety, depression, and somatization. Conclusion: On the basis of clinical features, the patient was hospitalized and effectively treated with a combination of antidepressant, anxiolytics, psychotropics, and psychotherapy.
Study on Preparation Technology and Safety Evaluation of Hataagqi-19 Hydrogel Patch
Authors: Aruhan  , Dorjsuren Byambasuren , Song Xiaoling , Chimedtseren Chimedragchaa , Li Minhui , Damba Tsend-Ayush
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The study objective of the present study was to screen the dosage of matrix material and clarify the safety evaluation of Hataagqi-19 hydrogel patch. Methods: Single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to screen, and the best matrix ratio was screened out with peel strength, peel ability, viscosity, spread ability, uniformity, as evaluation indicators. Long term toxicity test was carried out in SD rats in order to test general conditions such as: body weight, food intake, electrocardiogram, blood, urine, and biochemical indicators, organ coefficients and histopathological changes. Moreover, skin allergic reaction tests were done to observe the allergic responce. Results: The ratio of the gel patch matrix is NP-700: aluminum glycolate: glycerol: carbomer = 6: 0.35: 35: 0.40; the ratio of azone and propylene glycol is 1: 1, and the total penetration enhancer dosage is 5%. Hataagqi-19 preparation had no obvious long-term toxicity or skin allergies. Conclusions: The Hataagqi-19 hydrogel patch prepared with the best ratio and transdermal agent showed good performance and safety. Furthermore, we did not observed toxic side effects, and the preparation process is feasible and reliable.
Hepatitis C Associated B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Impact of Combination Direct-Acting Antivirals and Chemotherapy
Authors: Budeebazar Myagmarjav , Boldbaatar Delgerbat , Batsukh Khishigjargal , Dungubat Erdenetsogt , Yagaanbuyant Dagvadorj , Dashdorj Naranjargal , Duger Davaadorj
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have successfully eradicated chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Since chronic HCV is known to have an increased risk of developing B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), successful HCV treatment may have virologic, hepatic, and oncologic benefits for B-NHL. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the efficacy of DAAs combined with chemotherapy in B-NHL patients with chronic HCV in Mongolia. Methods: This case-control study included newly diagnosed B-NHL patients with chronic HCV who received DAAs before chemotherapy (with DAAs group). The other is comprised of controls who have been treated by chemotherapy without DAAs. Patients who received courses of DAAs were monitored by the virological and hepatic responses. Results: Eleven patients received DAAs and none of them developed chemotherapy-associated hepatitis flare. Of the DAAs group, during DAAs treatment, 90.9% were clinically stable. In all cases of DAAs in combination with chemotherapy, the Sustained Viral Response (SVR)12 and 24 were 100%. However, 47.4% of those who received DAAs after chemotherapy developed hepatitis flare during chemotherapy. Patients with hepatitis flare had higher serum level of ALT before chemotherapy (15.7 U/L vs. 40.2 U/L; p = 0.014) than those without. Conclusion: DAAs administration results in a significant clinical benefit to B-NHL patients with chronic HCV.
Molecular Biology of The Cell
Authors: Bold Juramt
Published: November 2022

No abstract in English
Morphometric Evaluation of Bony Nasolacrimal Canal in Mongolians with Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Purevdorj Bayasgalan , Dugarsuren Uranchimeg , Tuvaan Bulgan , Lkhagvasuren Bayarmagnai
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To compare the morphometric differences of the bony nasolacrimal canal in unilateral primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) patients between PANDO and non-PANDO sides and the control group in the Mongolian population. Methods: A hospital-based, retrospective case-control design was used for this study. A total of 584 participants were grouped into PANDO patients and the control group. Morphometry of the bony nasolacrimal canal was measured by CT scan. Results: The bony nasolacrimal canal’s minimum transverse diameter was 3.67 ± 1.96 mm on the PANDO side, 3.98 ± 2.01 mm on the non - PANDO side and 4.03 ± 1.12 mm for the control group (p > 0.05). The distal bony nasolacrimal canal transverse diameter was 4.39 ± 1.21 mm for the PANDO side, 4.33 ± 1.32 mm on the non-PANDO side and 5.11 ± 1.25 mm for the control groups (p < 0.05). The bony nasolacrimal canal entrance transverse diameter was 4.36 ± 1.59 mm on the PANDO side, 4.43 ± 1.83 mm on the non-PANDO side and 4.69 ± 1.61 mm in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Narrower bony nasolacrimal canal morphology may cause a tendency for PANDO development. We identified a narrow distal bony nasolacrimal transverse diameter for both the PANDO and non-PANDO sides of unilateral PANDO patients compared with the control group.
Case of International Meningitis?
Authors: Ciancone Domenico
Published: November 2022

Objective: In the following clinical case we focused on the differential diagnosis in case of fever and neurological symptoms after a trip to the tropics. Methods: The diagnosis was made through clinical and laboratory tests. Results: A healthy 25-year-old woman comes to her family doctor with a fever that appeared 3 days after returning from a trip to Brazil that sends her to hospital for suspected meningitis. Serologies reveal a positivity for Dengue (Dengue IgG rapid test negativ, Dengue IgM rapid test positiv, Dengue rapid test NS1 Antigen positiv). Conclusion: Treatment of Dengue is in most cases symptomatic. Cases of severe dengue are rare. The vaccine is recommended for people aged 9 to 45 who have already been infected with dengue in the past and who live in areas where Dengue is endemic.
RENCANA PELAJARAN (LEER PLAN) 1947 DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK DI BIDANG PENDIDIKAN PASCA KEMERDEKAAN 1945 “ 1950
Authors: Nasution Abd Haris
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan pendidikan di Indonesia pada masa awal kemerdekaan sebelum berlakunya Rencana Pelajaran 1947, bagaimana proses terbentuknya Rencana Pelajaran 1947 dan bagaimana implementasi Rencana Pelajaran 1947 sebagai kebijakan publik dibidang pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan Metode Heuristik. Untuk memperoleh data, peneliti melakukan studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan menganalisis literatur-literatur yang berkenaan dengan sejarah Pendidikan di Indonesia Era awal Kemerdekaan, serta studi arsip (archieve study) yaitu dengan mengumpulkan arsip-arsip tentang kebijakan pemerintah dibidang pendidikan tahun 1945-1950 dan Leer Plan 1947 di Gedung Arsip Nasional dan Pusat Kurikulum Nasional. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain; bahwa setiap kebijakan di bidang pendidikan yang diimplementasikan pada masa awal kemerdekaan tujuannya antara lain untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai Nasionalisme dan Patriotisme. Penanaman nilai-nilai tersebut dianggap urgent mengingat Indonesia pada saat itu merupakan bangsa yang baru merdeka, sehingga melalui pendidikan diharapkan mampu membangkitkan martabat bangsa Indonesia yang sebelumnya terjajah.
The Orthophotomap of Lublin 1944: from Luftwaffe photographs to map application – idea, methods, contemporary challenges of processing and publishing archival aerial photographs
Authors: Kuna Jakub
Published: November 2022

The origins of aerial photography can be traced back to the second half of the 19th century, and periods of World Wars contributed to the development of techniques for developing and disseminating aerial photographs for military purposes. In the literature, we find descriptions of the Polish Military Geographical Institute’s (WIG) use of aerial photography to update topographic maps of nearly 40% of the country’s area at the time. Unfortunately, the fate of the pre-war collection of photographs is difficult to establish. Given this, the aerial photographs from the period of the Second World War (German and Allied) constitute the oldest possible complete and consistent photographic documentation of Poland. The series of German prints (373-GXPRINTS) collected at the National Archives and Records Administration in College Park (NARA, USA) are maintained according to the most liberal policy on access and further use. At the same time, the organisation of the NARA archive and the extent to which the collection has been digitised (over one million images) leave a deficiency, and searching for images requires knowledge, methods and experience.

In 2020–2021, the Department of Geomatics and Cartography of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University implemented the project Development of the Ortophotomap of Lublin 1939–1945 (NCN, Miniatura 4.0. No. 2020/04/X/HS4/00382). The result of the project is a dedicated web portal https://ortolub.umcs.pl, consisting of a digital repository of aerial images, a map application and standardised GIS raster data services. The author believes this is a unique source base, with unprecedented detail. The publication of the project results under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0 licence is intended to foster the widest possible use of wartime aerial images in scientific research and popularisation activities.

The process of developing a historical orthophotomap, as presented in the article, is universal and can be repeated on any set of aerial photographs. At the same time, development work is needed to automate the operations as fully as possible. In conclusion, current challenges and prospects for the development of historical orthophotomaps of national coverage are indicated.
Is Home Advantage Diminished When Competing Without Spectators? Evidence From the Israeli Football and Basketball Leagues
Authors: Levental Orr , Hazut Tomer , Tenebaum Gershon
Published: November 2022

Sports spectators are one of the factors that affect home advantage. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic created unique conditions under which most of the leagues in the world played matches without crowds for over six months. This situation facilitated an analytical comparison of two different periods: before and during the coronavirus pandemic. The current study sought to examine home advantage in the Israeli sport domain in general, and specifically the impact of the absence of a crowd. The study consisted of 4,030 matches played in Israel’s top football and basketball leagues, of which 3,589 took place with crowds from August 2015 to March 2020, while the others were held without spectators from May 2020 to February 2021. Descriptive and analyses of variance procedures indicated a home advantage independent of crowd size, density, geographic region, league level, and type of sport. However, higher-quality teams demonstrated a higher home advantage ratio for the goals conceded. The findings of the study indicate that in the Israeli context, the crowd plays less of a role in home advantage than other potential factors.