bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-thermal fluence threshold for femtosecond pulsed x-ray radiation damage in perovskite complex oxide epitaxial heterostructures
Authors: Lee Hyeon Jun , Ahn Youngjun , Marks Samuel D. , Landahl Eric C. , Lee Jun Young , Kim Tae Yeon , Unithrattil Sanjith , Jo Ji Young , Chun Sae Hwan , Kim Sunam , Park Sang-Yeon , Eom Intae , Adamo Carolina , Schlom Darrell G. , Wen Haidan , Evans Paul G.
Published: December 2019

Intense hard x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser induce irreversible structural damage in a perovskite oxide epitaxial heterostructure when pulse fluences exceed a threshold value. The intensity of x-ray diffraction from a 25-nm thick epitaxial BiFeO3 layer on a SrTiO3 (STO) substrate measured using a series of pulses decreases abruptly with a per-pulse fluence of 2.7 × 106 photons μm−2 at a photon energy of 9.7 keV but remains constant for 1.3 × 106 photons μm−2 or less. The damage resulted in the destruction of the BiFeO3 thin film within the focal spot area and the formation of a deep cavity penetrating into the STO substrate via the removal of tens of nanometers of material per pulse. The damage threshold occurs at a fluence that is insufficient to heat the absorption volume to the melting point. The morphology of the ablated sample is consistent with fracture rather than melting. Together, these results indicate that the damage occurs via a nonthermal process consistent with ultrafast ionization of the absorption volume.
Modulation of THz radiation via enhanced Dirac plasmon-dual phonon interaction
Authors: Lu Junpeng , Liu Hongwei , Yu Yuanfang , Ni Zhenhua , Zhang Xinhai
Published: December 2019

Imaging with terahertz (THz) radiation is a crucial technique that promotes its applications in security inspection, crack detection, biomedical imaging, and so forth. THz modulation is one of the critical factors (others include generation, propagation, and detection) of the THz fast imaging technique. In this work, an efficient THz radiation modulator is realized based on the as-grown Bi2Se3 nanowires. Different from the conventional metamaterials or plasmonic devices, fabrication of subwavelength structures is unnecessary in this manipulation. The modulation is facilitated via synergistic Fano-type interaction of topological surface plasmons with two phonons in Bi2Se3 nanowires. The comprehensive control of the modulation is realized in a direct optical manner. A high modulation depth of 1826% has been demonstrated in this modulator. The realization of such a THz modulator based on an as-grown system indicates the possibility of the modulation extricating from fabrication of complicated postgrowth micro/nanostructures.
Dirac-Fock calculations on molecules in an adaptive multiwavelet basis
Authors: Anderson Joel , Sundahl Bryan , Harrison Robert , Beylkin Gregory
Published: December 2019

We report the first fully numerical approach for relativistic quantum chemical calculations applicable to molecules. The approach uses an adaptive basis of multiwavelet functions to solve the full four-component Dirac-Coulomb equation to a user-specified accuracy. The accuracy of the code is demonstrated by comparison with ground state energy calculations of atoms performed in GRASP, and the applicability to molecules is shown via ground state calculations of some simple molecules, including water analogs up to H2Po. In the case of molecules, comparison is made with Gaussian basis set calculations in DIRAC.
Predicted high-temperature superconductivity in cerium hydrides at high pressures
Authors: Li Bin , Miao Zilong , Ti Lei , Liu Shengli , Chen Jie , Shi Zhixiang , Gregoryanz Eugene
Published: December 2019

A systematic structure search in the Ce-H system under pressure reveals novel stable phases with intriguing electronic properties. Several cerium hydrides, CeH4, CeH9, and CeH10, were found to be dynamically stable. Electron-phonon calculations coupled to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer arguments indicate that they might be high-Tc superconductors. In particular, the maximum Tc values for F4¯3m-CeH9 and Fm3¯m-CeH10 are 142 K and 168 K at 94 GPa. These findings may pave the way for achieving room temperature superconductors in dense hydrogen-rich compounds.
Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopic study of cytochrome c peroxidase activity in deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Osawa Koji , Kossowska Dorota , Park Kwanghee , Kwak Kyungwon , Cho Minhaeng
Published: December 2019

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) prepared by mixing hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor molecules have been found to be of use in several applications. Recently, it was shown that DESs can enhance the peroxidation activity of cytochrome c. Here, to elucidate the effects of DESs on the peroxidase activity of cytochrome c, we carried out linear and nonlinear infrared spectroscopic studies of the CO stretch mode of carbon monoxide cytochrome c (COCytc) in ethylammonium chloride (EAC)/urea DES. The FTIR spectrum of COCytc shows a significant spectral shift upon addition of the DES. The broadening and red-shifting of the CO band are observed in both urea and DES solutions, which are induced by the change of the distal ligands around the heme. Although the FTIR study is sensitive to structural changes in the active site, it does not provide quantitative information about structural dynamics related to the catalytic activity itself. Thus, we carried out two-dimensional IR spectroscopy of the CO mode, which suggests that there is a different conformer that could be related to the enhanced catalytic activity in DES. In particular, the spectral diffusion dynamics of that conformer exhibits quite different behavior. The experimental results lead us to propose a hypothesis that the DES increases the population of the conformer with distal ligand lysines close to the reaction center through the combining effect of urea and EAC, which results in the enhancement of the peroxidase activity of cytochrome c. We anticipate that the present experimental work stimulates future investigations of the effects of DES on biocatalysis.
Liquid-like and rigid-body motions in molecular-dynamics simulations of a crystalline protein
Authors: Wych David C. , Fraser James S. , Mobley David L. , Wall Michael E.
Published: December 2019

To gain insight into crystalline protein dynamics, we performed molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of a periodic 2 × 2 × 2 supercell of staphylococcal nuclease. We used the resulting MD trajectories to simulate X-ray diffraction and to study collective motions. The agreement of simulated X-ray diffraction with the data is comparable to previous MD simulation studies. We studied collective motions by analyzing statistically the covariance of alpha-carbon position displacements. The covariance decreases exponentially with the distance between atoms, which is consistent with a liquidlike motions (LLM) model, in which the protein behaves like a soft material. To gain finer insight into the collective motions, we examined the covariance behavior within a protein molecule (intraprotein) and between different protein molecules (interprotein). The interprotein atom pairs, which dominate the overall statistics, exhibit LLM behavior; however, the intraprotein pairs exhibit behavior that is consistent with a superposition of LLM and rigid-body motions (RBM). Our results indicate that LLM behavior of global dynamics is present in MD simulations of a protein crystal. They also show that RBM behavior is detectable in the simulations but that it is subsumed by the LLM behavior. Finally, the results provide clues about how correlated motions of atom pairs both within and across proteins might manifest in diffraction data. Overall, our findings increase our understanding of the connection between molecular motions and diffraction data and therefore advance efforts to extract information about functionally important motions from crystallography experiments.
New class of polar metals provide polar distortion with low electrical resistivity
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: December 2019

Hexagonal Heusler compounds are more conductive than other known polar metals and could improve non-volatile memory if used as electrodes in ultrathin ferroelectric capacitors.
Stable cerium hydrides are steps in route to room-temperature superconductors
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: December 2019

Investigating the Ce-H system at experimentally attainable pressures reveals stable structures with high superconductivity critical temperatures.
What’s so special about an M-shaped flame?
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: December 2019

When two types of flames go head to head, M-shaped flame dynamics prove more stable than classical conical flames.
Thomson equation points to lower boiling points of hydrocarbon solvents in capillary systems
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: December 2019

Experimental data show boiling point temperatures of heptane and decane decrease as pores approach the smaller sizes of underground rocks housing oil.
Diagnosis of internal carotid artery stenosis in a patient referred to a physiotherapist for dizziness
Authors: Boggs Ryan , Ross Michael , Tall Michael
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSEThe purpose of this report is to describe the diagnostic focus of the clinical decision-making process for a patient referred to a physiotherapist for treatment of persistent dizziness, who was subsequently diagnosed with severe stenosis of the internal carotid arteries.
CASE DESCRIPTIONThe patient was a 79-year-old man who was referred to a physiotherapist by his primary care physician for the treatment of persistent intermittent dizziness. The patient’s dizziness began 6 months prior insidiously; it was worsening over time and now interfered with activities of daily living. The patient denied cervical pain or headaches, numbness or tingling in his extremities, difficulty maintaining balance with walking, unsteadiness, muscle weakness, dysphagia, drop attacks, diplopia or dysarthria. At the physiotherapist’s initial evaluation, cervical range of motion was moderately restricted in all motions and his dizziness was elicited with changes in head position. The patient’s neurological examination was unremarkable. Due to positional complaints of dizziness, a Dix–Hallpike test was used to screen for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, which was positive for symptoms reproduction; however, no nystagmus was noted. The patient also became diaphoretic and exhibited significant discoloration of his face during the test.
OUTCOMESDue to concern over vascular compromise, carotid duplex ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiography were completed and revealed near complete occlusion of the left internal carotid artery at its origin. The patient subsequently underwent a left internal carotid endarterectomy with resolution of symptoms and a return to all activities of daily living.
DISCUSSIONCarotid artery stenosis, although frequently asymptomatic until severe, may manifest as complaints of dizziness that mimic peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Appropriate and prudent screening and referral is necessary if clinical symptoms suggestive of vascular compromise are present.
Knowing me, knowing you: a qualitative study of the effects on patients of doctors’ self-illness disclosures
Authors: Bolger Laura , Hall Katherine Helen , Williamson Martyn
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONVery little is known how patients react to learning about their own doctors’ illnesses. Doctors can be uncertain if and when such disclosures can be helpful, and in what way, to patients. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by providing an in-depth analysis of one group of patients’ experiences with this type of disclosure.
AIMTo understand from patients’ perspectives, the effects on them of doctors disclosing their own illnesses, to provide guidance concerning the uses of this disclosure for general practitioners.
METHODSThis qualitative study was an exploration of 13 patients’ reactions to receiving such information, using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis.
RESULTSThe major themes were the emotional dimensions of illness and patienthood, the doctor–patient relationship and patients’ concerns about disclosures. Disclosures can have profound effects on patients with both negative and positive consequences.
CONCLUSIONWe present suggestions about how to use such disclosures in primary care to minimise potential harms and emphasise potential benefits, based on these patients’ perspectives and the current literature.
Knowledge of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among immigrant Asian gay men living in New Zealand
Authors: Adams Jeffery , Coquilla Rommel , Montayre Jed , Neville Stephen
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONHIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a new bio-medical means of reducing the risk of HIV infection. It’s use by individuals at high risk of HIV acquisition is recommended.
AimsThis study identifies the ways immigrant Asian gay men living in New Zealand talk about and understand issues related to PrEP.
METHODSA qualitative descriptive methodology was used. Individual interviews were conducted with 18 immigrant Asian gay men who were not users of PrEP. Participants were aged 21 – 36 years and one-third had arrived in New Zealand within 3 years of completing the interview. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
RESULTSThree themes evident across the men’s talk in relation to pre-exposure prophylaxis were identified: ‘I’m not sure what PrEP is’; ‘PrEP is not proven’; and ‘PrEP is for others, not me’.
DISCUSSIONPrEP is necessary for working towards the elimination of HIV. To improve uptake among Asian gay men, improved literacy around HIV and pre-exposure prophylaxis is required. This knowledge needs to be improved at both the individual level in primary care services and collectively through health promotion initiatives. These services and health promotion initiatives need to be provided in ways that encourage engagement by Asian gay men.
New aliens in Australia: 18 years of vertebrate interceptions
Authors: Toomes Adam , García-Díaz Pablo , Wittmann Talia A. , Virtue John , Cassey Phillip
Published: December 2019

Abstract ContextAustralia has a high diversity of endemic vertebrate fauna. Yet, transnational human activities continue to increase the rate of transportation, introduction and establishment of new alien vertebrates in Australia, to the detriment of environmental and socioeconomic services. Eradication of invasive vertebrates is often costly and without guarantee of success; therefore, methods for detecting, intercepting and preventing the transport of alien species earlier in the invasion pathway provide substantial benefit. AimTo anticipate emergent threats to Australian biosecurity posed by the transport and introduction of new alien vertebrates over time. MethodsWe collated vertebrate interception data from various mainland Australian State, Territory and Commonwealth government reporting agencies, including data from a previously published study, at both pre-border and post-border stages from 1999 to 2016. Using generalised linear and generalised additive modelling, we predicted trends in interception frequency using predictors such as vertebrate taxa, detection category and alien status. Key resultsInterception frequency increased over time for all vertebrate classes, for pre-border stowaways and for post-border captive and at-large interceptions, with no saturation in the accumulation of new species over time. Five species were responsible for almost half of all incidents, of which red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans), boa constrictors (Boa constrictor) and corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) are prominent in Australia’s illegal alien pet trade. Rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri) are prominent in the legal alien cage-bird trade, which remains poorly regulated. Asian common toads (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) were frequently detected as stowaways, and most stowaway incidents originated from Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, via shipping. Data deficiency for pre-border incidents increased rapidly in 2015 and 2016. ConclusionsAustralia is subject to a persistent and increasing risk of alien vertebrate introductions and incursions over time, owing partly to emergent trends in the alien pet trade as well as increased global trade and tourism. ImplicationsThe future of Australia’s biosecurity remains dependent on stringent border security to prevent the arrival of novel species, but our findings also highlight the importance of ongoing management and control of high-risk species already present, often illegally, within Australia.
Article Commentary: The 2019 Addiction Health Services Research Conference: Insights, Review, and Abstracts
Authors: Garets Mitchell , Archer Shayla , Kitchens Connie , Cochran Gerald , Gordon Adam J.
Published: December 2019

The 2019 Addiction Health Services Research (AHSR) Conference was held from October 16 to 18, 2019 in Park City, Utah. The conference was hosted by the Program for Addiction, Research, Clinical Care, Knowledge, and Advocacy within the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Utah School of Medicine. AHSR is an annual conference to share discoveries, network with colleagues, and learn the most up-to-date research regarding how to identify, assess, and treat persons with addictions. This commentary contains 2019 AHSR specific goals and descriptions of content shared at this year's conference. Descriptions include information regarding pre-conference activities and conference plenaries, mentorship opportunities, and investigator awardees. Commentary also includes acknowledgments of those who assisted in making the 2019 AHSR Conference possible. Additionally, abstracts of the scientific research presented at the conference are included.
Yan Song: How time flies
Authors: O’Donnell Marie Anne
Published: December 2019

Song investigates the mechanisms that control stem cell fate in development and disease.
Optimal phase sensitivity by quantum squeezing based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Liu Jun , Yu Ya , Wang Chengyuan , Chen Yun , Wang Jinwen , Chen Haixia , Wei Dong , Gao Hong , Li Fuli
Published: December 2019

A novel scheme for the enhancement of phase sensitivity based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and intensity detection is proposed. With the input of bright entangled twin beams from four wave mixing (FWM), the phase sensitivity can beat shot noise limit (SNL) and approach Heisenberg limit. This scheme is special due to that only one of bright entangled twin beams enters into the MZI and the other one is employed for measurement. In addition, by altering the parametric strength of FWM and the implementation of maximum quantum squeezing, the optimal phase sensitivity can reach sub-SNL. Optical intensity depletion of photon detectors and internal intensity depletion of the MZI are also discussed. The scheme displays that by employing external resources, while one input of the MZI is an vacuum beam, the phase sensitivity still can beat SNL.
Backtracking activation impacts the criticality of excitable networks
Authors: Zhang Renquan , Quan Guoyi , Wang Jiannan , Pei Sen
Published: December 2019

Networks of excitable elements are widely used to model real-world biological and social systems. The dynamic range of an excitable network quantifies the range of stimulus intensities that can be robustly distinguished by the network response, and is maximized at the critical state. In this study, we examine the impacts of backtracking activation on system criticality in excitable networks consisting of both excitatory and inhibitory units. We find that, for dynamics with refractory states that prohibit backtracking activation, the critical state occurs when the largest eigenvalue of the weighted non-backtracking (WNB) matrix for excitatory units,

λ

NB

E

, is close to one, regardless of the strength of inhibition. In contrast, for dynamics without refractory state in which backtracking activation is allowed, the strength of inhibition affects the critical condition through suppression of backtracking activation. As inhibitory strength increases, backtracking activation is gradually suppressed. Accordingly, the system shifts continuously along a continuum between two extreme regimes—from one where the criticality is determined by the largest eigenvalue of the weighted adjacency matrix for excitatory units,

λ

W

E

, to the other where the critical state is reached when

λ

NB

E

is close to one. For systems in between, we find that

λ

NB

E

<
1

and

λ

W

E

>
1

at the critical state. These findings, confirmed by numerical simulations using both random and synthetic neural networks, indicate that backtracking activation impacts the criticality of excitable networks.
Thermodynamic and structural properties of polystyrene/C60 composites: A molecular dynamics study*
Authors: Yang Junsheng , Zhu Ziliang , Huang Duohui , Cao Qilong
Published: December 2019

To tailor properties of polymer composites are very important for their applications. Very small concentrations of nanoparticles can significantly alter their physical characteristics. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the thermodynamic and structural properties of polystyrene/C60 (PS/C60) composites. The calculated densities, glass transition temperatures, and coefficient of thermal expansion of the bulk PS are in agreement with the experimental data available, implying that our calculations are reasonable. We find that the glass transition temperature T
g increases accordingly with an added concentration of C60 for PS/C60 composites. However, the self-diffusion coefficient D decreases with increase of addition of C60. For the volumetric coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of bulk PS and PS/C60 composites, it can be seen that the CTE increases with increasing content of C60 above T
g (rubbery region). However, the CTE decreases with increasing content of C60 below T
g (glassy region).
Optimization of laser focused atomic deposition by channeling*
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Jie , Zhu Li , Deng Xiao , Cheng Xinbin , Li Tongbao
Published: December 2019

Laser focused atomic deposition is a unique and effective way to fabricate highly accurate pitch standards in nanometrology. However, the stability and repeatability of the atom lithography fabrication process remains a challenging problem for massive production. Based on the atom–light interaction theory, channeling is utilized to improve the stability and repeatability. From the comparison of three kinds of atom–light interaction models, the optimal parameters for channeling are obtained based on simulation. According to the experimental observations, the peak to valley height of Cr nano-gratings keeps stable when the cutting proportion changes from 15% to 50%, which means that the channeling shows up under this condition. The channeling proves to be an effective method to optimize the stability and repeatability of laser focused Cr atomic deposition.
Impacts of tillage practices on soil carbon stocks in the US corn-soybean cropping system during 1998 to 2016
Authors: Yu Zhen , Lu Chaoqun , Hennessy David A , Feng Hongli , Tian Hanqin
Published: December 2019

Tillage alters the thermal and wetness conditions in soil, which facilitates soil organic matter oxidation and water transportation, leading to rapid depletion of soil carbon (C). Little is known about tillage intensity change (TIC) and its impacts in the US corn-soybean rotation system over the past two decades. Using time-series tillage maps developed from a private survey and a process-based land ecosystem model, here we examined how tillage intensity has changed across the nation and affected soil organic carbon (SOC) storage from 1998 to 2016. Results derived from the combination of tillage survey data and cropland distribution maps show that total corn-soybean area consistently increased from 62.3 Mha in 1998 to 66.8 Mha in 2008 and to 73.1 Mha in 2016, among which the acreage under no-till system increased from 16.9 Mha in 1998 to 28.9 Mha in 2008, while conservation and conventional tillage decreased by 3.8 and 3.9 Mha, respectively. The extent of no-till practice in corn-soybean lands shrank by 2.6 Mha from 2008 to 2016, while conservation and conventional tillage increased by 2.8 and 6.1 Mha in the same period. Modeling simulations reveal that historical tillage practices led to a soil C loss of 10.3 (spring till only) to 15.2 (tilled in both spring and fall) Tg C yr−1 in the study area from 1998 to 2016. In addition, reduced tillage intensity in corn-soybean cropland contributed to SOC accumulation at 1.0 Tg C yr−1 (1.6 g C m−2 yr−1) from 1998 to 2008, but the SOC gain was offset by SOC reduction at 2.4 Tg C yr−1 (3.4 g C m−2 yr−1) from increased tillage intensity during the period 2008–2016. For both periods, TIC-induced hydrological C loss accounted for 15% of the SOC change, while the rest was attributed to gaseous-C loss.
What is important for achieving 2 °C? UNFCCC and IPCC expert perceptions on obstacles and response options for climate change mitigation
Authors: Kornek Ulrike , Flachsland Christian , Kardish Chris , Levi Sebastian , Edenhofer Ottmar
Published: December 2019

Global mitigation efforts remain insufficient to limit the global temperature increase to well below 2 °C. While a growing academic literature analyzes this problem, perceptions of which obstacles inhibit goal attainment and which responses might be most effective seem to differ widely. This makes prioritization and agreement on the way forward difficult. To inform prioritization in global climate policy and research agendas, we present quantitative data on how 917 experts from the IPCC and the UNFCCC perceive the importance of different obstacles and response options for achieving 2 °C. On average, respondents consider opposition from special interest groups the most important obstacle and technological R&D the most important response. Our survey also finds that the majority of experts perceives a wide range of issues as important, supporting an agenda that is inclusive in terms of coverage. Average importance ratings differ between experts from the Global North and South, suggesting that balanced representation in global fora and regionally differentiated agendas are important. In particular, opposition from special interest groups is a top priority among experts from North America, Europe and Oceania. Investigating the drivers of individual importance ratings, we find little difference between experts from the IPCC and the UNFCCC, while expert’s perceptions correlate with their academic training and their national scientific, regulatory, and financial contexts.
Direct and indirect land-use change caused by large-scale land acquisitions in Cambodia
Authors: Magliocca Nicholas R , Khuc Quy Van , de Bremond Ariane , Ellicott Evan A
Published: December 2019

Large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) have received considerable scholarly attention over the last decade, and progress has been made towards quantifying their direct impacts. There is also a growing recognition of the importance of indirect effects of LSLAs, such as ‘spillover’ or indirect land-use change (iLUC), and the substantial challenges they pose for attribution and quantification. In fact, the relative contributions of direct and indirect LUC associated with LSLAs are unknown. This study aims to address these knowledge gaps using Economic Land Concessions (ELCs) in Cambodia, now the most targeted country for LSLAs in Southeast Asia. We leverage findings on archetypical pathways of direct and indirect LUC in Cambodia, developed through previous mixed-methods synthesis efforts, to quantify remotely sensed forest loss to specific ELCs. During 2000–2016, Cambodia roughly 1611 kha of forest, or 22% of total forest cover. Although ELCs (as of 2016) contained roughly 16% of Cambodia’s forest cover (2000), forest lost within ELC boundaries accounted for nearly 30% (476 kha) of total forest lost by 2016. Furthermore, iLUC contributed an additional 49–174 kha of forest loss (3.0%–10.7% of all forest lost in Cambodia) over the same period. Thus, iLUC contributed to Cambodia’s total forest loss at the rate of 11.4%–40.8% of direct LUC caused by ELCs. Such findings suggest that the total amount of LUC caused by LSLAs may well be underestimated globally. This and related synthesis research efforts can be valuable approaches for better targeting remote sensing analyses to specific locations and time periods needed to disentangle and quantify forest loss due to direct and indirect land change processes.
Expert system for corn plant disease diagnosis with the breadth-first search method
Authors: Sumpala A T , Rasyid R
Published: December 2019

Corn is one of the most important carbohydrate-producing food plants in the world, besides wheat and rice. But farmers often experience crop failures caused by disease attacks on corn plants. Some diseases that interfere with the productivity of maize plants are downy mildew, leaf spot disease, leaf rust disease, dwarf virus disease, midrib rot, stem rot and swollen burns. If the disease in corn plants is not known quickly, then the handling will be too late so that the plant will not develop, stop producing even the corn plants can die. This can lead to reduced yields and also cause crop failure. To overcome this problem, an expert system application for diagnosing maize diseases was made by adopting expert knowledge into the system using the breadth first search method that provides information about plant diseases and can diagnose symptoms of plant diseases, especially corn plants, while providing a solution to overcome them, which can later be used to reduce or reduce the risk of damage plant.
The role of low-density lipoprotein diluents to spermatozoa motility on limousine liquid semen during storage at 5°C
Authors: Hastuti  , Junaedi
Published: December 2019

The length of the spermatozoa storage process can experience a decrease in quality, so it is not feasible to be disseminated. This study aimed to reduce the declining rate of quality of bovine spermatozoa during storage at 5°C after the addition of egg yolk and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) on diluent medium. The study design used a Completely Randomized Design with a factorial pattern (4 x 5) with replications 3 times, where factor A is an LDL thinner (Al: 20% whole egg yolk (control); A2: 7%; A3: A %; A4: 9%) factor B is the length of storage (B1: first day; B2: second day; B3: third day; B4: fourth day; B4: fifth day). The results showed that the spermatozoa motility of Limousine bovine with low-density lipoprotein diluents had high motility compared to spermatozoa diluted with egg yolk diluents during storage at 5°C, the treatment of low-density lipoprotein can reduce the rate of spermatozoa decreased during storage compared to 20% egg yolk. The best LDL concentration is 8% during storage. The conclusion of this study shows that the administration of LDL could minimize the rate of deterioration in the quality of Limousine bovine spermatozoa during storage compared to egg yolk.
Seepage on landfill dam model: a laboratory study of the development of soil density variation
Authors: Nurnawaty  , Farida
Published: December 2019

Water losses due to seepage through the body of the dam is something problems that often occur in planning a dam. The purpose of this research to knows the phenomenon of the seepage flow on the soil through the dam body or under the body of landfill dam. The research methods used the Test Laboratory simulations of homogeny Dams model using with three of the soil density (58.20%, 68.27%, and 76.33%) and with the application of the three theories of seepage in dam body (Dupuit, Schaffernak, Cassagrande). The results of this research indicate seepage flow far that the more the long time it takes to perk, the higher the discharge and the father the distance small then the seepage discharge of seepage, and the higher the density of the ground than the lower depths of the seepage
Biochemical tests and identification of potential indigenous bacteria from nickel post-mining land in Pomalaa
Authors: Syahri Y F , Baharuddin  , Fachruddin  , Yani A.
Published: December 2019

The main problem in the nickel post-mining land in Pomalaa is the toxicity of nickel and chromium. The results of the analysis of soil samples showed that nickel levels reached 11103.74 mg/kg, and chromium reached 4030.17 mg/kg. The toxicity of nickel and chromium can cause the degradation of soil fertility. Bacteria are biological agents that are environmentally friendly, which can be used to reduce heavy metal toxicity and increase soil fertility on post-mining land. This study aims to examine biochemically six indigenous bacteria resistant to 10 ppm NiCl2 and four indigenous bacteria resistant to 10 ppm CrCl2 and identification. Based on the results of biochemical tests known indigenous bacteria from the genus Bacillus sp. is gram-positive bacteria that do not have the catalase enzyme, do not have the ability to use carbohydrates and produce endospores in their life cycle while indigenous bacteria from the genus Clostridium sp. is a gram-positive bacteria which in part has the enzyme catalase, all of which have the ability to use carbohydrates and only some of them produce endospores.
An Environmental Development Study: The Effect of Vegetation to Reduce Runoff
Authors: Rakhim A. , Nurnawaty
Published: December 2019

Water absorption on land is influenced by several factors, namely, soil conditions and vegetation of land cover. The denser the condition of the soil surface, the infiltration rate will be smaller, and runoff will increase. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of plant roots and grass as an alternative to reduce inundation or runoff due to rain. Research on embankment soil samples in the laboratory was carried out using mini elephant grass and the roots of red shoots. Through testing of the Rainfall Simulator, the results of the tests found that the runoff without cover reached 25456.79 ml, while runoff with tree cover was 19665.10 ml. As if the tree root material can reduce 22.75% of the inundation/runoff that occurs in soil samples. Whereas in soil samples with grass cover can reduce as much as 19.35%. From this study, it was concluded that the roots of red shoots used in testing could be an alternative to land cover vegetation to minimize surface runoff.
The development of small and medium enterprises in North Kolaka Regency
Authors: Djabbar I , Baso S
Published: December 2019

In facing the challenges of the global economy, one of the economic pillars that survives in the midst of changing flows is Small and Medium Enterprises. With a variety of regional potentials owned by North Kolaka, it is expected that the existing Small and Medium Enterprises can develop by maximizing the potential that exists in North Kolaka Regency. This study aims to analyze and describe the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in North Kolaka Regency. The research approach used was qualitative.This reseacrh is action research or known as participatory action research (PAR). The results of the study show that the development of small and medium enterprises in the district of North Kolaka still relie heavily on access provided by the local government through the services of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises including access to capital, market provision and increased human resource capabilities.
Implementations of policy for the development of partnership pattern plant (PLASMA) by plantation companies in Barito East District Central Kalimantan
Authors: Kristiana T , Jarias S , Oktavina
Published: December 2019

Both of Law No.39 of 2014 and Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 98 of 2013 are reinforced by the Central Kalimantan Provincial Regulation Number 5 of 2011 concerning Management of Sustainable Plantation Businesses. Based on these three rules, researchers are interested in researching the implementation of plantation development policies in partnership patterns by plantation companies in Barito Regency East, Central Kalimantan. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, the source of information is that the East Barito Regency government, in this case, is the Office of Plantation, Head of Plantation Companies as many as 14 companies in East Barito Regency. In-depth interviews do data collection. The results of the study were analyzed; triangulation was carried out to obtain accurate data. The results showed that the implementation of the Legal and Regulatory Policy which requires community involvement in the development of a partnership (plasma) scheme in East Barito District, has not been fully implemented in accordance with the provisions.
Computational models of seismic effects taking into account the extent of the seismological information completeness
Authors: Abakov A D , Zainulabidova H R , Omarov H M , Gasanov R G
Published: December 2019

Approaches to the models formation of seismic effects are proposed, taking into account the uncertainty and incompleteness extent of the initial seismological information. Earthquake-prone territories are divided into three types. The 1st degree uncertainty areas include territories where seismic effect parameters can be specified in the form of probabilistic distributions, the 2nd degree uncertainty areas include territories where effects parameters can be predicted at certain intervals. The 3rd uncertainty degree includes territories where all seismological information is expressed in terms of the intensities and repetitions given in the maps of the general seismic zoning of the Russian Federation territories (GSZ-93). The computational effects with varying extent of the seismological information uncertainty and the corresponding risk functions are determined.
Formation of thermal-insulating building envelopes of dome constructions for the far north regions
Authors: Ovsyannikov S I , Suska A A , Shevchenko S. A.
Published: December 2019

The Far North territories development is carried out in most cases by the rotation-based work, with frequent deployment. Therefore, special conditions are imposed on the shift workers constructions. In particular, high insulating properties, resistance to wind and snow loads, multiple assembly and disassembly possibility, compactness in the traveling condition are presented to them. These requirements correspond to the dome prefabricated constructions. To calculate the thermal-insulating properties of building envelopes, climatic conditions were adopted for the city of Verkhoyansk, as the coldest settlement. The main task for such buildings is to provide the required thermal insolation with the minimum sizes of the building envelope. For this purpose, the prefabricated elements structure of dome-shaped constructions consisting of a timber frame shaped like a triangle 200 mm thick, filled with polyisocyanurate foam, a closed air space on both sides of the prefabricated elements, an OSB inner panel covered with thermal-insulating paint, an outer slab of cement-bonded particleboard, covered with bitumen tile was developed. Moisture protection of thermal-insulating materials is provided from the inside with aluminum foil, and from the external with wind-moisture-proof membrane. In the research process it was found that the thermal resistance of the building envelope without applying thermal insulating paint is R = 6,7 m2 K/W that is not enough for Verkhoyansk conditions. The treatment with liquid thermal-insulating paint increased the thermal resistance to R = 7,94 m2 K/W that exceeds the standard values.
Assessment of the impact of new construction on additional fallout of the foundations of operating buildings in constrained city conditions
Authors: Polishchuk A I , Mezhakov A S
Published: December 2019

The long-running building on clay soils with a life span of more than 25 years foundations sediments are considered. In the immediate vicinity of the building under consideration, the new neighboring building construction was completed at a distance of 6 m in light. The foundations of the long-used building are tape from monolithic reinforced concrete, and the new neighboring building in the monolithic reinforced concrete slab form. Both buildings foundations are arranged at the same mark. The foundation soils are represented by two engineering-geological elements: from the surface - soft plastic loam (EGE-1) 10 m thick, then - semi-solid clay (EGE-2) more than 12 m thick. The foundations bearing layer is soft plastic loam (EGE-1). The calculation revealed the long-term operated building strip foundation additional precipitations from pressure on the foundation transmitted by the new neighboring building. To reduce the additional sediment foundations considered options for the dividing wall structural solutions (different bending stiffness EI) between buildings. The buildings foundations sediment numerical calculations and their increments are made in the Midas GTS NX software package; given the results assessment.
The parameters for a retaining wall interaction mathematical model with a reservoir in the ground conditions determination in the krasnodar territory
Authors: Bolgov I V , Shmidt O A , Klikun N A
Published: December 2019

The main parameters affecting the interaction of the retaining wall with the reservoir foundation on the slope are considered. A reservoir park sites geomorphological structure classification in the Krasnodar Territory is proposed. The separation is made on the plain, coastal and mountainous areas, depending on the relief incidence angles. It was also found that, in most cases, the large reservoirs’ natural foundations base in the Krasnodar Territory is loam and clay consistency from solid to refractory. The obtained data were used to assess the staging impact of work on the “retaining wall - tank” system construction in the territory of the Afipsky refinery tank farm. The evaluation was carried out on a mathematical model using the finite element method in the Midas GTS 2012 software package. To model the base foundation, the program the Mohr – Coulomb model was used. The components in the construction sequence “slope trimming - retaining wall device - reservoir foundation building” have alternately changed in the model. In this case, the device structures sequence almost does not affect the tank bottom deflection.
Stress concentration in the structural elements of wind generators
Authors: Maistrenko A V
Published: December 2019

A three-dimensional finite element calculation of the stress-strain state for a complex-shaped metal structure has been considered. Modeling the loading process accuracy is determined. The stress fields of wind generators blade elements at the stage of their manufacture were calculated, which made it possible to identify stress concentration areas and negative reasons leading to them in the technological process of manufacturing these structures.
Impact of the city transport noise on the territory close to the streets’ intersection
Authors: Tarasova O G , Taratuta V D
Published: December 2019

The city of Krasnodar has a complex structure of highways. The noise generated by transport significantly exceeds the standard values. Territories located at the crossroads of streets have not been studied thoroughly. The process of spreading sound from sources at the intersections of roads is more complex. The development of additional recommendations for noise reduction for such areas is required. The results obtained are of practical interest for areas with similar placement conditions with respect to highways. Our research and developed recommendations for reducing traffic noise in residential and public buildings can be widely applied in design practice. The experimental studies in real conditions on the characteristic territory of the city of Krasnodar using current regulatory documents were performed. The research is executed experimentally with carrying out the measurements in the territory and theoretically settlement way. The good convergence of results confirms their reliability. Impact of noise in the territory of directly adjacent to the intersection, is slightly higher than values for the sites at rectilinear roads. It is established that noise pollution at a facade of the designed house does not conform to requirements of sanitary standards. The required noise reduction in rooms taking into account their appointment is established. Practical recommendations about noise reduction in inhabited and office rooms are developed. The proposed solutions will allow providing additional protection of rooms against transport noise.
The stress-strain state simulation of slopes with dynamic loads
Authors: Panasiuk L , Turina V
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the dynamic processes simulation in landslide slopes during dynamic effects. Dynamic effects can be caused by pulsed, including shock loads. Also, the movement of vehicles along the slope is considered. The solution is based on the general massive load movement dynamic problem formulation = on a massive basis. Discretization over the spatial domain is obtained in the finite element method (FEM) form. The equations solution is performed by the continuation method with respect to the time parameter. Direct methods of the integrating dynamics problems are used. Considering the high dimensionality of the problem in the spatial formulation, to construct a numerical solution, we use the previously obtained explicit absolutely stable direct integration schemes. The methods used can be considered as explicit, absolutely stable schemes for the direct integration of a dynamic problem with a variable mass in time. Recommendations for evaluating the numerical solution accuracy are given.
On the software package for predicting residual deformations in the pavement design
Authors: Panasiuk L N , Matua V P
Published: December 2019

The paper describes in greater detail the software package, simulating the residual deformations long-term accumulation process in the road structure under the moving transport load action. The complex is based on a refined model for calculating and designing non-rigid pavements. The residual deformations accumulation problem in the road construction elements and the prominences development is considered in spatial formulation and the full motion system of equations is used. This allows to determine not only the road structures elements points final displacements magnitude in a state of equilibrium, but also to investigate the irreversible movements accumulation evolution in time.
Experience of Using Crushed-stone Reinforcing Elements in Various Ground Conditions
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan A Z , Sergeev S A , Ermoshina L Yu
Published: December 2019

Stone columns are one of the widely used methods for improving weak foundation soils, since this method is not only cost-effective, but also ecologically safe, since natural materials (stone, gravel etc.) are used as stone column aggregate. Stone columns increase the bearing capacity of the foundation soils, reduce settling and help to accelerate the consolidation process. This paper presents the results of field research of crushed-stone reinforcing elements and soil between them by the plate test method and the static sounding method.
The long piles interaction with the surrounding and underlying soils, taking into account the linear and nonlinear rheological properties
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan Z G , Luzin I
Published: December 2019

The article presents the long incompressible pile with a two-layer base interaction problem formulation and solution, taking into account the underlying soil visco-plastic properties by the analytical method. A significant change in the stress-strain state at the base of an incompressible pile when stress changes around the pile side surface is shown. It is shown that in such conditions, the stress under the pile bottom varies significantly over time, which can lead to the pile bearing capacity loss in the long run.