bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thickener and beyond: an individualised approach to dysphagia management
Authors: Atkinson Katie , O'Kane Lorna
Published: April 2018

Use of thickener is a widely-known intervention in the management of oropharyngeal dysphagia, aiming to reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia. Thickener can benefit some patients with dysphagia, but does not reduce aspiration pneumonia in all patients and can pose other risks for physical health and psychological well-being. This article draws together current research to explore the benefits and risks of thickener and a range of less well-known interventions, many of which are delivered by nurses. It highlights an individualised approach to dysphagia management and case studies provide a context for management decisions. It concludes that thickener is one of a range of interventions carefully assessed by a speech and language therapist on an individual basis. Nursing observations and interventions are also essential in dysphagia management, with joint working recommended, especially for oral hygiene, fluid intake monitoring and support with feeding. All interventions recommended by speech and language therapists that are delivered by nurses are equally important in providing holistic, individualised treatment for patients with dysphagia.
ICONS II: Identifying Continence OptioNs after Stroke randomised controlled trial
Authors: Thomas Lois , Roffe Christine , Booth Joanne , Chapple Christopher , Watkins Caroline , Roe Brenda , Sutton Christopher , Hollingsworth Bruce , Mateus Céu , Britt David , Panton Cliff , Bennett Kina
Published: April 2018

Lois Thomas, Christine Roffe, Joanne Booth, Christopher Chapple, Caroline Watkins, Brenda Roe, Christopher Sutton, Bruce Hollingsworth, Céu Mateus, David Britt, Cliff Panton and Kina Bennett; for the MRC Continence Programme and R&D Stroke and Incontinence Study
Advanced clinical practice and nurse-led clinics: a time to progress
Authors: Pearce Chris , Breen Beverly
Published: April 2018

This article discusses the evolving role of advanced clinical practitioners in outpatient clinics and investigates required competency and governance and how this translates into patient care. Until recently, there has been little clear guidance in terms of how to cultivate and develop staff to the level of practice required for autonomous management of the patient pathway. This has been variable, dependent on the employing organisation and the enthusiasm for advanced practice at a senior level. The current frameworks and competency documents available are identified and how the competent practitioner can provide safe, effective care. The authors use their own practice within gynaecology as an example.
Acting to prevent male suicide
Authors: Tingle John
Published: April 2018

John Tingle, Associate Professor (Teaching and Scholarship), Nottingham Trent University, discusses the issue of male suicide and actions to deal with the problem
Career development
Authors: Cunningham Maria
Published: April 2018

What does a good career development strategy look like in a school? Maria Cunningham offers her best practice advice
Motivating your students
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: April 2018

How can we motivate the pupils in our classrooms and schools to want to learn? We asked Matt Bromley to tackle this age-old teaching challenge. He offers some reflections, ideas and guidance for teachers
Planning as strategy for improving Black and Latinx student equity: Lessons from nine California community colleges
Authors: Felix Eric R. , Castro Marlon Fernandez
Published: April 2018

In 2014, California policymakers passed the Student Equity Plans (SEP) policy to address disparities in the community college system. The reform effort formalized a campus-wide planning effort that required institutions to examine their data for disparities, develop goals and strategies to mitigate identified inequities, and use new fiscal resources to realize their plans. In recent years, there has been an increase in the enactment of state-level higher education policies, but few, if any, have focused on the notion of equity or explicitly named racial and ethnic groups as policy beneficiaries. This study examines nine student equity plans in the state’s largest community college district. Drawing upon critical policy analysis, we place a focus on understanding if, and how, the planning process was used to address inequities facing Black and Latinx students. Based on our analysis we found several themes on how plans identified and address barriers facing Black and Latinx students. After examining 178 equity activities, we found only 28 promising activities that explicitly targeted Black and Latinx students with culturally relevant, data-driven, evidence-based strategies. These findings have compelling implications for policymakers seeking to develop reform efforts and institutions using policy to address current and historic inequities faced by Black and Latinx students. The use of planning for improvement is commonplace in educational policy, but we find that more training and capacity-building efforts are necessary to use planning as an opportunity to address racial inequity in community college.
Uncertainty evaluation in clinical chemistry, immunoassay, hematology and coagulation analytes using only external quality assessment data
Authors: Qin Yanyan , Zhou Rui , Wang Wei , Yin Hongyi , Yang Yanmin , Yue Yuhong , Tong Qing , Liu Lu , Jin Yali , Shi Yankun , Zhang Shunli , Zhang Jianping , Zhang Rui , Zuo Chang , Jia Tingting , Wang Ning , Wang Qingtao
Published: April 2018

Background:

Measurement uncertainty (MU) is a parameter associated with the result of a measurement that characterizes its dispersion. We report results for estimating MU following the application of a top-down procedure using only proficiency test data to establish uncertainty levels for various analytes.

Methods:

Data were obtained from 142 laboratories participating in the Beijing Center for Clinical Laboratory (BCCL) proficiency testing/external quality assessment (PT/EQA) schemes. The 24-month study included six selected PT shipments to obtain estimates for 50th percentile (median) and 90th percentile MUs and to compare those estimates to usual analytic goals. The number of laboratory participants varied for each trial. The expanded uncertainty (U) was calculated using a cover factor of k=2 for a confidence interval of 95%. All reproducibility, method and laboratory biases came from the PT/EQA data.

Results:

The median U (k=2) ranged from 3.2% (plasma sodium, indirect ion selective electrode) to 32.8% (triglycerides, free glycerol blanking) for clinical chemistry analyte means from participants in the same method group. Immunoassay analyte median U results ranged from 11.3% (CA125 tumor marker, Roche) to 33.8% (prostate-specific antigen [PSA], Abbott). The range for median U was 3.5% (red blood cell [RBC], Abx) to 30.3% (fibrinogen [FBG], other) for hematology and coagulation analytes. The MUs for most analytes satisfied quality requirements.

Conclusions:

The use of PT/EQA data, when available, provides an effective means for estimating uncertainties associated with quantitative measurements. Thus, medical laboratories can calculate their own MUs. Proficiency testing organizers can provide participants with an additional MU estimate using only EQA data, which may be updated at the end of each survey.
Molecular arrangements in crystals of racemic and enantiopure forms of N-carbamoyl-2-phenylbutyramide and 2-phenylbutyramide: differences and similarities
Authors: Krivoshein Arcadius V. , Lindeman Sergey V. , Bentum Samuel , Averkiev Boris B. , Sena Victoria , Timofeeva Tatiana V.
Published: April 2018

As solid drugs may be regarded as “pharmaceutical materials”, molecular pharmaceutics of such drugs is expected to benefit from application of materials science concepts. In this paper, we used a structural chemistry approach to explain the dramatic difference in solubility between two structurally related antiepileptic drugs, N-carbamoyl-2-phenylbutyramide (NC2PBA) and 2-phenylbutyramide (2PBA). Since both of these compounds are chiral, we chromatographically separated the enantiomers and examined them along with the racemic forms. A combination of experimental (single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy) and computational (crystal lattice energy calculations, Hirshfeld surface analysis) techniques was employed to determine the structural differences between these two compounds in the crystalline state. We found that while NC2PBA and 2PBA have similar molecular packing arrangements, the former compound is distinguished by a more extensive network of hydrogen bonds. Thus, the higher density, higher melting point, and lower solubility of crystalline NC2PBA compared to crystalline 2PBA may be largely explained by the differences in hydrogen bonding. We also found that for each of these compounds there are no major differences in molecular packing (and, correspondingly, in crystal lattice energies) between racemic and enantiopure forms.
How Much Does Movement and Location Encoding Impact Prefrontal Cortex Activity? An Algorithmic Decoding Approach in Freely Moving Rats
Authors: Lindsay Adrian J. , Caracheo Barak F. , Grewal Jamie J. S. , Leibovitz Daniel , Seamans Jeremy K.
Published: April 2018

Specialized brain structures encode spatial locations and movements, yet there is growing evidence that this information is also represented in the rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Disambiguating such information from the encoding of other types of task-relevant information has proven challenging. To determine the extent to which movement and location information is relevant to mPFC neurons, tetrodes were used to record neuronal activity while limb positions, poses (i.e., recurring constellations of limb positions), velocity, and spatial locations were simultaneously recorded with two cameras every 200 ms as rats freely roamed in an experimental enclosure. Regression analyses using generalized linear models revealed that more than half of the individual mPFC neurons were significantly responsive to at least one of the factors, and many were responsive to more than one. On the other hand, each factor accounted for only a very small portion of the total spike count variance of any given neuron (<20% and typically <1%). Machine learning methods were used to analyze ensemble activity and revealed that ensembles were usually superior to the sum of the best neurons in encoding movements and spatial locations. Because movement and location encoding by individual neurons was so weak, it may not be such a concern for single-neuron analyses. Yet because these weak signals were so widely distributed across the population, this information was strongly represented at the ensemble level and should be considered in population analyses.
Vocational High School (SMK) Students Accounting Competence Prediction Model by Using Astin I-E-O Model
Authors: Harwati Defi Sri , Yanto Heri
Published: April 2018

This research aims to know the descriptive of input, environment, and outcome; analyze the influence of input to outcome; analyze the influence of environment to outcome; analyze the influence of input to environement; and analyze the role of environment in mediating the influence of input to outcome. Student previous achievement consisting of Mathematics and Indonesian National Exam at Junior High School is the educational input. Student engagement consisting of school engagement and class engagement is the educational environment and student accounting competence is the educational outcome. This research was a quantitative research. Data analysis used descriptive and path analysis technique. The total population and sample consists of 128 students of first class accounting. The results and conclusions in this study indicate that accounting competence is still good, student engagement is good, and student previous achievement is very good. There are influences of mathematics National Exam, Indonesian National Exam, school engagement, and class engagement on student accounting competence; there are influences of Mathematics and the Indonesian National Exam on school engagement and class engagement. School engagement mediates the influence of mathematics National Exam on accounting competence, but it does not mediate the influence of the Indonesian National Exam on accounting competence. Then, class engagement mediates the influences of the mathematics and Indonesian National Exam on accounting competencies.
The Development of Financial Accounting Learning Tools with Gall and Borg Model
Authors: Putri Reni Sovia , Wardoyo Cipto
Published: April 2018

This research aims to develop financial accounting learning tools namely; development of lesson plan, handouts, and learning media. The object of this research was the 11th grade students of accounting study program in Muhammadiyah 03 High Vocational School Singosari. The model of learning device development used Gall and Borg model. The stages were 1) Initial Needs Analysis; 2) Initial Product Developing; 3) Validation; 4) Product Revision I; 5) Limited Field Trial; 6) Product Revision II; 7) Field Trial; and 8) Final Product. The result of the research shows that the learning tools on financial accounting subject are valid/proper to be used. It is  proven by the score of material expert judgment that is 82.8%, by the media expert that is 98.6%, by the education expert that is 86%, by the limited field trial (students and teachers ) that are 87.7% and 80.7%, and by Field trials that is 80.2%. In field trials, the development of learning tools can improve student learning outcomes. There are only 3 students who got their grades below the minimum mastery standard.
Dopamine synthesis and dopamine receptor expression are disturbed in recurrent miscarriages
Authors: Gratz Michael J , Stavrou Stavroula , Kuhn Christina , Hofmann Simone , Hermelink Kerstin , Heidegger Helene , Hutter Stefan , Mayr Doris , Mahner Sven , Jeschke Udo , Vattai Aurelia
Published: April 2018

Objectives

l-dopa decarboxylase (DDC) is responsible for the synthesis of dopamine. Dopamine, which binds to the D2-dopamine receptor (D2R), plays an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy. Aim of our study was the analysis of DDC and D2R expression in placentas of spontaneous miscarriages (SMs) and recurrent miscarriages (RMs) in comparison to healthy controls.

Methods

Patients with SM (n = 15) and RM (n = 15) were compared with patients from healthy pregnancies (n = 15) (pregnancy weeks 7–13 each). Placental tissue has been collected from SMs and RMs from the first trimester (Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, LMU Munich) and from abruptions (private practice, Munich). Placental cell lines, BeWo- and JEG-3 cells, were stimulated with the trace amines T0AM and T1AM in vitro.

Results

Levels of DDC and D2R in trophoblasts and the decidua were lower in RMs in comparison to healthy controls. Stimulation of BeWo cells with T1AM significantly reduced DDC mRNA and protein levels. Via double-immunofluorescence, a DDC-positive cell type beneath decidual stromal cells and foetal EVT in the decidua could be detected.

Conclusions

Downregulation of DDC and D2R in trophoblasts of RMs reflects a reduced signal cascade of catecholamines on the foetal side.
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Attenuation at the Yeast DNA Repair Gene, DEF1, Involves Sen1-Dependent and Polyadenylation Site-Dependent Termination
Authors: Whalen Courtney , Tuohy Christine , Tallo Thomas , Kaufman James W , Moore Claire , Kuehner Jason N
Published: April 2018

Termination of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) activity serves a vital cellular role by separating ubiquitous transcription units and influencing RNA fate and function. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pol II termination is carried out by cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPF-CF) and Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 (NNS) complexes, which operate primarily at mRNA and non-coding RNA genes, respectively. Premature Pol II termination (attenuation) contributes to gene regulation, but there is limited knowledge of its prevalence and biological significance. In particular, it is unclear how much crosstalk occurs between CPF-CF and NNS complexes and how Pol II attenuation is modulated during stress adaptation. In this study, we have identified an attenuator in the DEF1 DNA repair gene, which includes a portion of the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) and upstream open reading frame (ORF). Using a plasmid-based reporter gene system, we conducted a genetic screen of 14 termination mutants and their ability to confer Pol II read-through defects. The DEF1 attenuator behaved as a hybrid terminator, relying heavily on CPF-CF and Sen1 but without Nrd1 and Nab3 involvement. Our genetic selection identified 22 cis-acting point mutations that clustered into four regions, including a polyadenylation site efficiency element that genetically interacts with its cognate binding-protein Hrp1. Outside of the reporter gene context, a DEF1 attenuator mutant increased mRNA and protein expression, exacerbating the toxicity of a constitutively active Def1 protein. Overall, our data support a biologically significant role for transcription attenuation in regulating DEF1 expression, which can be modulated during the DNA damage response.
Svetimkūnių iš viršutinės virškinimo trakto dalies endoskopinis šalinimas Respublikinėje Vilniaus universitetinėje ligoninėje: 25 metų patirtis
Authors: Kildušis Edvinas , Grigaliūnas Aurelijus , Žilevičė Laura
Published: April 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]

Nurytas svetimkūnis ar maistas, įstrigę viršutinėje virškinimo trakto dalyje, yra dažna klinikinė situacija skubios pagalbos skyriuose visame pasaulyje. Didžioji dauguma svetimkūnių pereina per virškinimo traktą ir natūraliai pasišalina su išmatomis, tačiau apie 1/5 ligonių prireikia svetimkūnius šalinti. Viršutinėje virškinimo trakto dalyje įstrigęs svetimkūnis yra antra pagal dažnumą (po kraujavimo) skubios endoskopijos priežastis.Atlikto retrospektyvaus aprašomojo tyrimo tikslas yra apžvelgti Respublikinės Vilniaus universitetinės ligoninės (RVUL) gydytojų ketvirčio amžiaus (25 metų) patirtį lanksčiu endoskopu šalinant svetimkūnius iš viršutinio virškinimo trakto. Galima teigti, kad kvalifikuoto specialisto atliekamas endoskopinis svetimkūnių šalinimas naudojant endoskopą su priedais: kilpa, krepšeliu ir žnyplėmis, yra efektyvus ir saugus būdas, lemiantis didelę procedūros sėkmę, ženkliai sumažinantis hospitalizacijos laiką ir chirurgijos (operacinio gydymo) poreikį.
Ašermano sindromas: klinikinis atvejis ir mokslinės literatūros apžvalga
Authors: Bužinskienė Diana , Drąsutienė Gražina , Zdanytė Kristina
Published: April 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]

Intrauterininės sąaugos – tai jungiamojo audinio formavimasis gimdos ertmėje. Šio proceso metu progresuoja endometriumo funkcijos sutrikimas, kuriam būdingi įvairūs klinikiniai simptomai, tokie kaip menstruacinio ciklo sutrikimai (hipomenorėja, dismenorėja ar amenorėja), pasikartojantys savaiminiai nėštumo nutrūkimai, nevaisingumas ir kt. Klinikinė intrauterininių sąaugų raiška yra vadinama Ašermano sindromu.Šio straipsnio tikslas – pristatyti Ašermano sindromo klinikinį atvejį, apžvelgti naujausius mokslinės literatūros šaltinius ir įvertinti problemos aktualumą. Pateikiamas 30 metų amžiaus pacientės klinikinis atvejis. Pacientė planine tvarka kreipėsi į gydytoją akušerį-ginekologą dėl nevaisingumo, kurio trukmė buvo 2 metai. Kitų nusiskundimų pacientė neišsakė, iš anamnezės buvo žinoma, kad moteris negimdžiusi, prieš dvejus metus pacientei buvo atliktas 8 savaičių trukmės nėštumo nutraukimas. Pirminės apžiūros metu, atlikus transvaginalinę (2D) sonoskopiją, gimdos ir gimdos priedų sonoskopinių pakitimų nenustatyta. Intrauterininės sąaugos pacientei diagnozuotos atlikus hidrosonografiją, atliktas papildomas tyrimas – HyFoSy (histerosalpingosonoskopija, angl.Hysterosalpingo Foam Sonography). Pacientei buvo atlikta operacija – histeroskopija, kurios metu pašalintos intrauterininės sąaugos. Pooperacinis laikotarpis buvo sklandus. Praėjus dviem mėnesiams po operacijos pacientei nustatytas nėštumas (pacientė konsultuota gydytojo akušerio-ginekologo). Nėštumo eiga buvo sklandi, cezario pjūvio operacijos metu gimė gyvas, vyriškos lyties naujagimis, pagal Apgar balų skalę įvertintas 9/10 balų.Pagrindinis etiologinis veiksnys, lemiantis intrauterininių sąaugų formavimąsi, yra tiesioginis endometriumo pažeidimas. Pateikiamos keturios intrauterininių sąaugų klasifikacijos sistemos, pagal kurias galima numatyti gydymo taktiką ir komplikacijų riziką bei įvertinti pacientės vaisingumo prognozę. Įtariant Ašermano sindromą, rekomenduojama atlikti sonoskopiją arba hidrosonografiją, histerosalpingosonoskopiją arba histerosalpingografiją ir histeroskopiją. Pagrindiniai gydymo etapai: diagnostinė histeroskopija, histeroskopinis intrauterininių sąaugų suardymas ir profilaktinės priemonės (balioninio kateterio, intrauterininės spiralės įvedimas, hialurono rūgšties gelio ar SprayGelʼio vartojimas), pooperacinė hormonų terapija ir, esant indikacijų, pagalbinis apvaisinimas. Kamieninių ląstelių transplantacija į gimdos ertmę, tikėtina, ateityje taps alternatyva chirurginiam gydymui. Nėštumą po Ašermano sindromo gydymo būtina vertinti kaip didelės rizikos nėštumą.
Gorgias’ Argument does not Include Actual Conditionals
Authors: López - Astorga Miguel
Published: April 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka anglų kalba, santrauka lietuvių kalba]

It can be thought that Gorgias’ argument on the non-existence consists of three sentences, the first one being an asseveration and the other two being conditionals. However, this paper is intended to show that there is no conditional in the argument, and that the second and third sentences only appear to be so. To do that, a methodology drawn from the framework of the mental models theory is used, which seems to lead to the true logical forms of these last sentences as well.
The Frege–Geach Problem, Modus Ponens, and Legal Language
Authors: Ogleznev Vitaly
Published: April 2018

[full article, abstract in English; only abstract in Lithuanian]

This paper proposes a new pragmatic interpretation of the Frege–Geach problem and presents a possible solution using a model of ascriptive legal language. The first section includes the definition of the Frege–Geach problem. In the second section, I analyze the content of Geach’s critical argument against prescriptivism in ethics. I discuss what Geach means by ascriptivism, why he mixes it with prescriptivism, and why a particular article by Herbert Hart became the subject of criticism by Geach. The third section proposes a possible solution to the Frege–Geach problem based on the explication of the assertoric force of ascriptive legal utterances and the performativity of legal language.
Transparency, Photography, and the A-Theory of Time
Authors: Tee Sim-Hui
Published: April 2018

[full article, abstract in English; only abstract in Lithuanian]

Walton’s thesis of transparency of photographs has spurred much dispute among critics. One of the popular objections is spatial agnosticism, an argument that concerns the inertia of egocentric spatial information vis-a-vis a photograph. In this paper, I argue that spatial agnosticism fails. Spatial agnostics claim, for a wrong reason, that a photographic image cannot carry egocentric spatial information. I argue that it is the disjuncture of the photographic world in which the depicted object situated from the space in which the viewer of the photograph resides that renders the photograph spatially agnostic. It is the timeless photographic world rather than the photographic object that renders egocentric spatial information inert. With this new formulation of spatial agnosticism, I propose that spatial agnosticism needs to be coupled with the temporal dimension (the A-theory of time) in the efforts to refute the thesis of transparency of photographs.
Effectiveness of neural mobilization and ultrasound therapy on pain severity in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Alam Mehboob , Khan Muhammad , Ahmed Syed Imran , Ali Syed Shahzad
Published: April 2018

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of neural mobilization and ultrasound therapy on pain severity in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 48 CTS patients at the Physiotherapy Department IPM&R, DUHS between 23rd January 2017 and 22nd July 2017. The CTS patients were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups by simple randomization method. Group 1 received neural mobilisation; Group 2 received ultrasound therapy with a predetermined intensity. A total of 12 sessions were given over a period of 4 weeks. Pre and post intervention data were collected from both groups on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure pain. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Comparisons between post test results of both groups were done by using paired sample t-test with a p-value < 0.05 considered as significant.

Results: It was found that the 79% (19 cases) and 21% (5 cases) in Group 1 (Neural Mobilization), who prior to the treatment had faced moderate and severe pain, respectively, all experienced successful treatment. Indeed, after treatment 100% (24) of the cases only experienced mild pain, indicating successful treatment. For Group 2 (Ultrasound Therapy), 54% (13) and 46% (11) of cases were with moderate and severe pain before treatment; after administering the treatment 20% (5 cases) had mild pain and 80% (19 cases) had moderate pain.

Conclusion: Neural mobilization for median nerve is more beneficial than ultrasound therapy in reducing pain intensity and functional limitations due to CTS.
Interpretation of Do Not Attempt Resuscitation Orders for Children Requiring Anesthesia and Surgery
Authors: Fallat Mary E. , Hardy Courtney ,   SECTION ON SURGERY,   SECTION ON ANESTHESIOLOGY AND PAIN MEDICINE,   COMMITTEE ON BIOETHICS, Meyers Rebecka L. , Besner Gail Ellen , Davidoff Andrew , Heiss Kurt F. , Agarwal Rita , Tobias Joseph , Brown Raeford Eugene , Guzzetta Nina A. , Honkanen Anita , Landrigan-Ossar Mary , Katz Aviva L. , Laventhal Naomi Tricot , Macauley Robert C. , Moon Margaret Rusha , Okun Alexander L. , Opel Douglas J. , Statter Mindy B.
Published: April 2018

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed November 2024.

This clinical report addresses the topic of pre-existing do not attempt resuscitation or limited resuscitation orders for children and adolescents undergoing anesthesia and surgery. Pertinent considerations for the clinician include the rights of children, decision-making by parents or legally approved representatives, the process of informed consent, and the roles of surgeon and anesthesiologist. A process of re-evaluation of the do not attempt resuscitation orders, called “required reconsideration,” should be incorporated into the process of informed consent for surgery and anesthesia, distinguishing between goal-directed and procedure-directed approaches. The child’s individual needs are best served by allowing the parent or legally approved representative and involved clinicians to consider whether full resuscitation, limitations based on procedures, or limitations based on goals is most appropriate.
Conhecimento, atitude e prática da equipe de saúde sobre melasma na gravidez
Authors: Belletti Mutt Urasaki Maristela
Published: April 2018

Objective: to study health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and practices on melasma (skin discoloration) in pregnancy.Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2012 to March 2013 in two distinct stages, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. 61 health professionals from five basic health-care units on the east side of São Paulo who attend to pregnant women participated in the first phase, answering a questionnaire with open-ended and closed-ended questions. Nine of these professionals were also interviewed. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using a descriptive statistical method and the interviews were subjected to a the thematic content analysis.Results: the average number of wrong answers to questions about the causes, prevention and treatment of melasma was greater than 50%. 52.4% of the respondents thought that skin blemishes do not affect the quality of life of the patients and regarded the condition as a simple problem. Skin care during pregnancy was thought to be of minor importance. Most of them do not deal with this subject in consultations with the patients.Conclusion: the staffs’ knowledge of melasma and its psychosocial consequences proved to be poor, with little concern about this problem, primarily because of the low morbidity rate. The teams should be trained about the importance of this condition.
Estrategia educativa no ensino de anatomia humana aplicada à enfermagem
Authors: Oliveira Raissa Cláudia Eufrázio de , Tinôco Jéssica Dantas de Sá Tinôco , Delgado Millena Freire , Isadora Isadora Costa Andriola , Cícera Cícera Maria Braz da Silva , Ana Luisa Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho Lira
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de una estrategia educativa en la enseñanza de la anatomía humana aplicada a la enfermería.Método: estudio descriptivo del tipo pre y post teste. La muestra está formada por alumnos del primer semestre de enfermería de una universidad del noreste de Brasil, durante el 2014. La estrategia educativa se compone de conferencias dialogadas con el uso de casos clínicos.Resultados: fueron abordados los siguientes contenidos: miología y aplicaciones intramusculares; sistema nervioso y reflejos; sistema cardiovascular, venopunción y presión arterial; sistema genitourinario, examen ginecológico y sondaje vesical. Se verificó evolución cuantitativa post-test en todas las clases de la estrategia educativa.Conclusión: la estrategia educativa se consideró positiva, medida por el número de respuestas correctas en el post-test y asociaciones estadísticas significantes. También se destaca la contribución de esta estrategia al proceso de formación crítica y reflexiva de los futuros enfermeros.
Avaliação do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil na consulta de enfermagem
Authors: Munhoz Gaiva Maria Aparecida , Coutinho Monteschio Caroline , Souza Moreira Mayrene , Marques Salge Ana
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: Analizar la evaluación del crecimiento y desarrollo infantil en la consulta de enfermería.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Los participantes del estudio fueron cuatro enfermeros que realizaban la consulta de enfermería a los niños de manera programática en unidades de salud de familia en Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. La recolección de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante la observación participante de 21 consultas de enfermería entre enero y febrero de 2012. Los datos se analizaron con la técnica de análisis de contenido.Resultados: A partir del análisis de los datos, surgieron las siguientes dos categorías: Evaluación del crecimiento infantil en la consulta de enfermería y Evaluación del desarrollo infantil en la consulta de enfermería. Los enfermeros evaluaron el crecimiento infantil en todas las consultas, utilizando las curvas contenidas en la libreta personal de registro médico del niño. Sin embargo, el desarrollo infantil sólo fue evaluado parcialmente en la mayoría de las consultas observadas.Conclusión: Entre los aspectos más significativos de las consultas de enfermería se destacan la evaluación del crecimiento y desarrollo en todas ellas; y el uso de la libreta personal de registro médico del niño como instrumento de orientación para las madres y como estrategia de seguimiento del crecimiento y desarrollo infantil.
Conceito de família em estudantes de graduação em enfermagem através do Photovoice
Authors: Fernandes Carla Sílvia , Ferreira Fátima , Marques Goreti
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: el presente estudio describe la utilización de Fotovoz para profundizar el concepto de familia en estudiantes de enfermería.Metodología: es un estudio de investigación acción participativa, en el que participaron 33 estudiantes de enfermería. La recolección de datos utilizó Fotovoz para definir el concepto de familia, las sesiones fueron grabadas y transcritas. Para el análisis se recurrió a la triangulación de datos con las fotografías con el software Atlas-ti versión 8.0. Resultados: cuatro temas principales surgieron de las fotografías y de las grabaciones: Concepto de familia en la perspectiva del estudiante, Mi familia, Funciones de la Familia, Lo que veo en esta fotografía.Conclusión: el estudio contribuyó a la divulgación del Fotovoz, una herramienta aún poco utilizada en estudios de enfermería. Adicionalmente, promovió la importancia de la familia en el cuidado en enfermería, por medio de la conceptualización de lo que es familia.
Representações de puérperas sobre o cuidado recebido no trabalho de parto e parto
Authors: Melo Laura Pinto Torres de , Pereira Ana Maria Martins , Rodrigues Dafne Paiva , Dantas Sibele Lima da Costa , Ferreira Ana Lídia De Araújo , Fontenele Fernanda Maria Carvalho , Alexandre Francisca Thays dos Santos , Fialho Ana Virginia de Melo
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: describir las representaciones sociales de puérperas sobre el cuidado recibido durante el trabajo de parto y parto.Metodología: se trata de un estudio descriptivo basado en la Teoría del Núcleo Central, desarrollado con 119 madres, en un hospital público de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio del Test de Asociación de Palabras, que contenía como estímulos inductores: cuidado, trabajo de parto, parto, cuidado en el trabajo de parto y en el parto, siendo transcritos y analizados por el software Evoc.Resultados: a partir del análisis estructural, los vocablos dolor, felicidad y orientación presentaron mayor frecuencia como elemento central de los respectivos términos inductores.Conclusión: por medio de los resultados obtenidos, es posible afirmar que el momento del trabajo de parto y el parto es crucial para que el enfermero planee y ejecute una adecuada asistencia durante el proceso de parto con el fin de reducir el impacto de las representaciones negativas en relación con ese proceso.
Morte de neonatos: percepção da equipe multiprofissional à luz da complexidade
Authors: Subutzki Larissa Spies , Backes Dirce Stein , Lomba Maria de Lurdes
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: conocer la percepción del equipo multiprofesional de unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal sobre el proceso de morir y muerte de neonatos.Método: investigación cualitativa, de enfoque exploratorio-descriptivo, realizada a partir de tres grupos focales con 35 profesionales del equipo multiprofesional de unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal de una institución hospitalaria ubicada en la región noroeste del departamento de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), decodificados con base en el análisis de contenido.Resultados: los datos determinaron cuatro categorías temáticas: Muerte: interrupción del orden natural; Muerte: proceso complejo para el que no se tienen respuestas; Muerte: el despertar a un nuevo estado de vida y Muerte: convivencia entre lo tangible y lo intangible.Conclusión: se concluyó que la muerte aún es comprendida como fenómeno fragmentado y disociado del proceso de la vida humana, aunque se haya evidenciado la expectativa, de parte de los profesionales, de querer hablar, reflexionar y ampliar su comprensión teórico-práctica.
Physicochemical characteristics of seeds from wild and cultivated castor bean plants (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Mosquera Jose Daniel , Vasco-Leal Jose Fernando , Hernandez-Rios Ismael , Mendez-Gallegos Santiago De Jesus , Perea-Flores Maria De Jesus , Peña-Aguilar Juan Manuel , Rodriguez-Garcia Mario Enrique
Published: April 2018

The castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an oilseed plant whose main features are its drought resistance, and its adaptation to eroded, polluted, and low fertility soils. Its oil has a great demand in the industrial sector and it has recently attracted considerable interest for its use in the production of biodiesel and jet fuel. In this study, morphological, physical and chemical characterizations were performed to ascertain the quality of wild (VQ-1) and under cultivation (VQ-7) oil castor seeds. The results showed that there are differences in the morphological and physicochemical characteristics regarding oil content (44,95 vs 33,84%), ash (3,20 vs 2,42%), and 100-seed-weight (45,87 vs 54,23g); similar behavior was recorded when characterizing the oil: kinematic viscosity (269,67 vs 266,44mm2 /s), density (0,9389 vs 0,9465g/cm3 ), and acidity index (0,9918 vs 0,5440mg KOH/g) for VQ-1 and VQ-7, respectively. Growing conditions to which castor plants were subjected may influence both the final quality of seeds and chemical properties of the oil.
A continuous time model for a short-term multiproduct batch process scheduling
Authors: Díaz Ramírez Jenny , Huertas Jose Ignacio , Huertas Jose Ignacio
Published: April 2018

In the chemical industry it is common to find production systems characterized by having a single stage or a previously identified bottleneck stage, with non-identical parallel stations and with configuration or preparation costs depending on the production sequence. This paper proposes a mixed integer production scheduling model that seeks to identify lot size and product sequencing with the objective of maximizing profit. In addition, it considers multiple typical industry conditions, such as penalties for noncompliance and out of service periods of units (or stations) for preventive maintenance activities.The model was validated with real data from a chemical company and a 12% reduction in the total cost of production and a 19% increase in the estimated profit. In addition, we applied the model to 155 instances generated using Monte Carlo simulation, based on historical data from the same company, to analyze its performance.
Besin intoksikasyonu şüphesiyle başvuran üç Kırım Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi: Olgu sunumu
Authors: Alay Handan , Çelik Neslihan
Published: April 2018

Kırım-Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi (KKKA), viral hemorajik ateş sendromları arasında yer alan zoonoz karakterli, insanlarda mortaliteye neden olabilen bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. İnsanlara virusun bulaşması; enfekte kenelerin ısırması yada viremik hayvanlara ait kan ve dokulara temas ile bulaşmaktadır. Akut olarak ortaya çıkan; yaygın vücut ağrısı, ateş, bulantı, kusma, karın ağrısı, ishal, ekimoz ve kanama semptomları, AST, ALT ve LDH yüksekliği, trombositopeni ve lökopeni laboratuar bulguları ile seyreder. Bu yazıda gastrointestinal sistem semptomları ön planda olan, kliniğimize besin intoksikasyonu ön tanısıyla yatırılan aynı aileden üç KKKA olgusu sunulmaktadır.
Corporate sustainability reporting: Scrutinising the requirements of comparability, transparency and reflection of sustainability performance
Authors: Zsóka Ágnes , Vajkai Éva
Published: April 2018

Companies of different size and sector regularly publish sustainability reports in order to record and disseminate their activities aimed at contributing to sustainable development and to refl ect their corporate social responsibility. From the various existing suggestions for such reports, the principles and guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative are most widely used – at least among large companies. The very detailed guidelines and indicator system aim at supporting companies to provide relevant, balanced, comparable, accurate, timely, clear and reliable information on corporate activities and performance, while focusing on sustainability-context and stakeholder inclusiveness in their “non-financial” reporting. However, based on research into the content and quality of non-financial reporting, it is difficult to clearly conclude just how comparable and transparent the reports are, as well as to decide whether they truly refl ect the sustainability performance of the reporting companies. The paper provides a literature review and a qualitative analysis on the reporting practice of 37 large companies.
Complex case management to support disadvantaged jobseekers in Hungary
Authors: Pirisi Károly , SZalay-KOmka Norbert , Erdélyi Tea
Published: April 2018

The paper presents a project based on the complex case management model aimed at improving the labour market position of permanently unemployed clients. The aim of the case management is to improve the employee skills and capabilities of the clients in order to assist them in getting a job on the open labor market. The model builds on fast, action-oriented interventions, and the principle of the voluntary participation of clients. The process is time-limited, which the goal of reaching certain developmental objectives during a defined time period. We present a case study as an example of this model.
Biografar os grandes homens para trazê-los à História de uma nova forma: Plutarco e [as interseções de] um mesmo gênero
Authors: Lopes da Costa Lorena
Published: April 2018

Neste artigo são discutidos, a partir de algumas passagens de Vidas, de Plutarco, os gêneros biografia e história com vistas a refletir se, na perspectiva de Plutarco, eles constituiriam gêneros distintos ou um mesmo gênero que se localizaria, assim, na História da Historiografia. Para tanto, faz-se uma genealogia da biografia a partir dos elementos da tradição grega que permanecem em Plutarco e toma-se, ainda, para estudo de caso, uma passagem específica da Vida de Alexandre. Mediante esse percurso, visa-se propor que a maior contribuição de Plutarco não teria sido propriamente estabelecer fronteiras fixas entre história e biografia, mas, na verdade, apresentar os grandes nomes da história de uma nova forma, revelando também suas passagens menos gloriosas e até anedóticas, tirando-lhes, por vezes, a armadura de herói para dar-lhes a roupagem de homens, de carne e osso, às vezes virtuosos, às vezes vis e às vezes ambíguos.
Models to optimise bioengineering of banana wastes to animal feeds and fertilisers
Authors: Nannyonga Stella , Fryer Peter , Robbins Phillip
Published: April 2018

Microbial growth models are usually employed to describe the growth kinetics of microorganisms under optimised operational conditions. Much time and resources are involved in running central composite or Box–Behnken full factorial designs of the experiment (DoEs) before the optimum conditions are attained. In this study, a Taguchi model (two-level) was used for DoEs and kinetic parameters derived from the mathematical models were used for process optimisation. This resulted in running less ‘robust’ anaerobic digestion experiments for the varying selected parameters – that is, pH and temperature. Chapman–Richards model results were considered to represent experimental data and were compared with the kinetic parameters derived from the Bergter, Andrews and Contois models. Also, a pure population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saf-instant) was used, unlike in many studies where mixed populations are employed for anaerobic digestion. From the model results, a pH of 4·6–5·6 and a temperature of 25–30°C were considered optimum for S. cerevisiae anaerobic growth on banana waste. Chemical characterisation of the digested banana wastes under optimised conditions indicated an increase in proteins and lipids by 7 and 5%, respectively, and an approximately 8% mineral content increase was also noted. The waste could also be used as a nutrient-rich fertiliser and chicken feed supplement.
A psycholinguistic approach towards anthropological urban theories
Authors: Vernoos Omid
Published: April 2018

Human analogising has been addressed by philosophers, architects and urbanists, ever since Ancient Greece for portraying the physical arrangement of the city. Such analogising, through the development of life sciences, has been broadened and the city began to be metaphorically conceived as a living organism. In this process, ‘organic metaphors’ have played a fundamental role as cognitive devices for transferring human concepts to urban theories. Literature about anthropological urban theories shows a limited understanding of human analogising in urbanism and lacks for a critical debate on this phenomenon. In that regard, the author argues that the influence of human analogising on the development of anthropological urban theories should be analysed through the lens of the science of metaphor. To this purpose, two anthropological urban theories, on the one hand, and the necessary theoretical principles of metaphors, on the other, will be discussed. This paper demonstrates the potential usefulness of a human analogising, based on the psycholinguistic aspects of metaphors, in the field of urbanism. Additionally, it illustrates the key benefits, limits and a particular mechanism of comparing ‘the city’ to ‘the human body’ and suggests, accordingly, necessary requirements for architects and urbanists to take primary steps towards a human analogising.
Glikojen Depoları , Egzersiz Antrenmanı ve Diyet Etkileşimi
Authors: Bulut Süleyman , Turnagöl Hüsrev
Published: April 2018

Bireylerin diyetlerinin değiştirilmesinin iskelet kası yakıt kullanımına etkisi uzun süredir yoğun ilgi çekmekte olup bu konuda çok sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda, besin-egzersiz etkileşiminin ve buna bağlı olarak glikojen depolarının hücre içi sinyal yollarını nasıl etkilediğini anlamaya yönelik artan bir çaba bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme kapsamında, glikojen depoları boş durumda iken yapılan egzersizin hücresel metabolik etkileri ve oluşan adaptasyon evreleri tartışılacaktır. Düşük glikojen depoları ile antrenman yapmanın submaksimal egzersizlerde yağ oksidasyonu ile ilgili hücresel sinyal yollarını etkilediği bilinmekle beraber bunun egzersiz performansını nasıl etkileyeceği tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Sağlık ve sportif performansın düşük glikojen depoları ile yapılan egzersizden sağlayacağı faydaların belirlenebilmesi için daha fazla araştırmaya gerek duyulmaktadır. Bunun yanında, sporcu ve antrenörlerin antrenman periyotlaması içerisinde düşük glikojen depoları ile antrenmanın avantaj ve dezavantajlarını iyi değerlendirmeleri gerekmektedir.
Graphic-motor adaptation to computer distortions between coordinates of the visual and motor fields
Authors: Tereschenko T.V. , Sokolov P.B. , Goncharov O.A.
Published: April 2018

The article presents. The paper is devoted to perceptual-motor coordination and adaptation in the conditions of computer distortion between the coordinates of motor and visual fields. We studied experimentally changes and relationship between the speed and accuracy of motor execution at different angular displacements of the computer mouse movement, adaptation to the changed conditions of the cursor movement perception, gender differences in speed and quality of the graphic-motor task. The experiment was carried out in a computer version. It is used nine conditions of angular displacements (from 0° to 180°). 25 subjects participated in the experiment: 12 women and 13 men aged 17-25 years. According to the results, speed and accuracy of the graphic-motor task are decreasing with increasing angular displacement (p<0,001). We identified three groups of angular displacement according to the degree of accuracy and adaptation. The largest range of values and errors is observed at the angular displacement in 135°. At small angular displacements (less 75°) the increase of execution time leads to accuracy improvement, but at the angles more than 90° it leads to accuracy decline. Gender differences were at the level of statistical trend (p=0,087) — men performed tasks faster and more accurately than women, but adaptation to the changed conditions was almost equal