bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of the Sources of Construction Waste
Authors: Fadiya Olusanjo O. , Georgakis Panos , Chinyio Ezekiel
Published: October 2014

The construction industry is traditionally environmentally unfriendly. The environmental impacts of construction waste include soil contamination, water contamination, and deterioration of landscape. Also, construction waste has a negative economic impact by contributing additional cost to construction due to the need to replace wasted materials. However, in order to mitigate waste, construction managers have to explore management options, which include reduction, recycling, and disposal of wastes. Reduction has the highest priority among the waste management options but efficient reduction cannot be achieved without adequate identification of the sources of waste. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present a study that was carried out on the contribution rates of nine identified sources of construction waste. Establishing the contribution rates of different waste sources will enhance knowledge-based decision-making in developing appropriate strategy for mitigating construction waste. Quantitative research method, using survey questionnaire, was adopted in this study to assess the frequency and severity of contribution of the sources of waste. As one of the findings of the study, residual waste such as material off-cuts was identified as the highest contributor to construction waste. This study consequently demonstrated that waste has a significant contribution to the cost of construction.
Structural and Electrical Properties of Li–Ni Nanoferrites Synthesised by Citrate Gel Autocombustion Method
Authors: Aravind G. , Ravinder D. , Nathanial V.
Published: October 2014

An attempt has been made to synthesize nanocrystalline lithium-nickel ferrites with a compositional formula Li0.5−0.5xNixFe2.5−0.5xO4(wherex=0.0to 1.0 with step of 0.2) by a low temperature citrate gel autocombustion method. Single phase cubic structure is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. This result demonstrates that the prepared samples are homogeneous and the sharp peaks reveal that the samples are in good crystalline form. As the Ni concentration is increased, various interesting changes in the values of the structural parameters like lattice parameter, X-ray density, bulk density, and porosity have been observed. The surface morphology of the prepared samples was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DC resistivity measurements were carried out using two-probe method from 200°C to 600°C. The variation oflog⁡(σT)with reciprocal of temperature shows a discontinuity at Curie temperature.log⁡(σT)versus1/Tplot of the pure lithium ferrites is almost linear which indicates the Curie temperature of the pure lithium ferrites was beyond our measured temperature. The dielectric properties of these ferrites have been studied using a LCR meter from the room temperature to 700 K at various frequencies up to 5 MHz, which reveals that all the prepared samples have dielectric transition temperature around 600 K.
Nonhuman Primate Models of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus for Islet Transplantation
Authors: Zhu Haitao , Yu Liang , He Yayi , Wang Bo
Published: October 2014

Islet transplantation is an attractive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM) contribute a lot to the experimental studies of islet transplantation and to evaluations of isolated islet grafts for future clinical applications. Diabetic nonhuman primates (NHPs) represent the suitable models of DMs to better evaluate the effectiveness of islet transplantation, to assess new strategies for controlling blood glucose (BG), relieving immune rejection, or prolonging islet survival, and eventually to translate the preclinical data into tangible clinical practice. This review introduces some NHP models of DM, clarifies why and how the models should be used, and elucidates the usefulness and limitations of the models in islet transplantation.
The Epiphytic FernElaphoglossum luridum(Fée) Christ. (Dryopteridaceae) from Central and South America: Morphological and Physiological Responses to Water Stress
Authors: Minardi Bruno Degaspari , Voytena Ana Paula Lorenzen , Santos Marisa , Randi Áurea Maria
Published: October 2014

Elaphoglossum luridum(Fée) Christ. (Dryopteridaceae) is an epiphytic fern of the Atlantic Forest (Brazil). Anatomical and physiological studies were conducted to understand how this plant responds to water stress. TheE. luridumfrond is coriaceus and succulent, presenting trichomes, relatively thick cuticle, and sinuous cell walls in both abaxial and adaxial epidermis. Three treatments were analyzed: control, water deficit, and abscisic acid (ABA). Physiological studies were conducted through analysis of relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and malate content. No changes in RWC were observed among treatments; however, significant decreases in chlorophyll a content and photosynthetic parameters, including optimal irradiance (Iopt) and maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax), were determined by rapid light curves (RLC). No evidence of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway was observed inE. luridumin response to either water deficit or exogenous application of ABA. On the other hand, malate content decreased in theE. luridumfrond after ABA treatment, seeming to downregulate malate metabolism at night, possibly through tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle regulation.
Influence of Root Rotation on Delamination Fracture Toughness of Composites
Authors: Alfred Franklin V. , Christopher T. , Nageswara Rao B.
Published: October 2014

Large deviations have been observed while analysing composite double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens assuming each cracked half as a simple cantilever beam. This paper examines the effect of rotational spring stiffness(K)on the critical fracture energy(GIC)considering nonzero slope at the crack-tip of the DCB specimen by modelling each cracked half as the spring-hinged cantilever beam. The critical load estimates of DCB specimens fromGICare found to be in good agreement with in-house and existing test results of different composite material systems.
Pediatric Cushing’s Disease and Pituitary Incidentaloma: Is This a Real Challenge?
Authors: Paragliola Rosa Maria , Locantore Pietro , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Corsello Salvatore Maria
Published: October 2014

Cushing’s disease (CD) is the most common cause of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome in children and adolescents and represents a rare cause of short stature. A 14-year-old boy came to our attention for progressive weight gain and short stature. At examination, height was 140 cm (3rd centile) and weight was 37.7 kg (10th centile). Tanner stage was G2, PH 3, testis 3 mL. Hypothyroidism and growth hormone deficiency were excluded. A marked increase of urinary free cortisol, a nonsuppressible serum cortisol after Liddle 1 test, and an elevated ACTH value confirmed the diagnosis of ACTH dependent Cushing’s syndrome. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left microadenoma and a right focal area of lesser enhancement. Therefore, bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) with CRH stimulation was performed to obtain an accurate preoperative localization of the adenoma: the interpetrosal sinus ACTH gradient indicated lateralization of ACTH secretion to the left side. The patient underwent transsphenoidal surgery with selective microadenomectomy, with an immediate ACTH decline in the postoperative phase. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of corticotrophic pituitary adenoma. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy was instituted. Clinical examination demonstrated a rapid catch-up growth (10th centile), with a normalization of body mass index and an adequate pubertal development.
Human Paraoxonase 1 as a Pharmacologic Agent: Limitations and Perspectives
Authors: Bajaj Priyanka , Tripathy Rajan K. , Aggarwal Geetika , Pande Abhay H.
Published: October 2014

Human PON1 (h-PON1) is a multifaceted enzyme and can hydrolyze (and inactivate) a wide range of substrates. The enzyme shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiatherogenic, ant-diabetic, antimicrobial, and organophosphate (OP)-detoxifying properties. However, there are certain limitations regarding large-scale production and use of h-PON1 as a therapeutic candidate. These include difficulties in producing recombinant h-PON1 (rh-PON1) using microbial expression system, low hydrolytic activity of wild-type h-PON1 towards certain substrates, and low storage stability of the purified enzyme. This review summarizes the work done in our laboratory to address these limitations. Our results show that (a) optimized polynucleotide sequence encoding rh-PON1 can express the protein in an active form inE. coliand can be used to generate variant of the enzyme having enhanced hydrolytic activity, (b)in vitrorefolding of rh-PON1 enzyme can dramatically increase the yield of an active enzyme, (c) common excipients can be used to stabilize purified rh-PON1 enzyme when stored under different storage conditions, and (d) variants of rh-PON1 enzyme impart significant protection against OP-poisoning in human blood (ex vivo) and mouse (in vivo) model of OP-poisoning. The rh-PON1 variants and their process of production discussed here will help to develop h-PON1 as a therapeutic candidate.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Polymer Solar Cells by Modifying Buffer Layer with N,N-Dimethylacetamide
Authors: Yang Shaopeng , Sun Xuefeng , Zhang Ye , Li Guang , Zhao Xiaohui , Li Xiaowei , Fu Guangsheng
Published: October 2014

We modified the PEDOT:PSS anode buffer layer in P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells by spin-coating the solvent N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC). This modification significantly enhanced the efficiency of the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/DMAC/P3HT:PCBM/LiF/Al solar cells. The DMAC-treated device spin-coated at 3000 rpm exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.74%, a 59% improvement over that of an untreated cell. To study the mechanism of improving the conversion efficiency, we characterized many parameters, including the light and darkI-Vcurves, external quantum efficiency, active layer absorption spectrum, transmission spectrum of ITO:PEDOTPSS, PEDOT:PSS surface morphology, and electrical conductivity. Modifying the PEDOT:PSS film increased conductivity, making it more conducive to hole extraction and collection. Our findings suggest that modifying the anode buffer layer can improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusProstatic Abscess in a Liver Transplant Recipient
Authors: Jana Tanima , Machicado Jorge D. , Davogustto Giovanni E. , Pan Jen-Jung
Published: October 2014

Prostatic abscesses are usually related to gram-negative bacilli. However, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) has emerged as a substantial cause of prostatic abscesses in recent years. Herein, we report the case of a 31-year-old man with a history of orthotopic liver transplantation 10 years ago who presented with acute onset dysuria and abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a MRSA prostatic abscess. To our knowledge, this is the first case describing a prostatic abscess in a liver transplant recipient and the first reporting MRSA as the causative organism of a prostatic abscess in a solid organ transplant recipient.
Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating RP-UPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Related Substances of S(−)Amlodipine and S(−)Metoprolol Succinate in Fixed Dose Combination Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Shitole Suresh , Gurjar Mukund , Shah Mahesh , Pimple Srikant , Bal Gobardhan , Patel Rahul
Published: October 2014

A novel, rapid, accurate, sensitive, precise, and stability-indicating reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method was developed and validated for determination of related substances of S(−)Amlodipine and S(−)Metoprolol Succinate in fixed dose combination tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved with the use of Acquity UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm analytical column at 45°C employing a gradient elution. Mobile phase consisting of mobile phase-A (solution containing 5.0 gm of sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate per liter of water and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 95 : 5) and mobile phase-B (Acetonitrile) was used at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1 with injection volume of 10 μL and the detection was done at 232 nm using UV detector. The retention times of S(−)Metoprolol Succinate and S(−)Amlodipine were found to be 2.8 minutes and 8.1 minutes, respectively. During method validation all the parameters were evaluated as per ICH guidelines, which remained well within acceptable limits. This method can be used for the estimation of related substances of S(−)Amlodipine and S(−)Metoprolol Succinate in fixed dose combination tablet dosage form.
The Relations among Fuzzyt-Filters on Residuated Lattices
Authors: Zhang Huarong , Li Qingguo
Published: October 2014

We give the simple general principle of studying the relations among fuzzyt-filters on residuated lattices. Using the general principle, we can easily determine the relations among fuzzyt-filters on different logical algebras.
Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Red with Codoped Titania
Authors: Thota Susmitha , Tirukkovalluri Siva Rao , Bojja Sreedhar
Published: October 2014

Photocatalysis using semiconductor oxides was being investigated extensively for the degradation of dyes in effluent water. This paper reports our findings on visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of azo dye, methyl red mediated nitrogen and manganese codoped nano-titanium dioxide (N/Mn-TiO2). The codoped samples with varying weight percentages were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by various analytical techniques. The X-ray diffraction data showed that the synthesized samples were in anatase phase with 2θ at 25.3°. UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectral analysis revealed that the presence of dopants in TiO2 caused a significant absorption shift towards visible region and their presence was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectral data. The release of hydroxyl radical (major active species in photocatalytic degradation) by the photocatalyst in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation was quantitatively investigated by the photoluminiscent technique (PL). The effect of various experimental parameters like dopant concentration, pH, catalyst dosage, and initial dye concentrations was investigated and optimum conditions were established. The extent of mineralization of methyl red was studied by chemical oxygen demand (COD) assays and the results showed complete mineralization of the dye.
MMP-1 and Pro-MMP-10 as Potential Urinary Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of FGFR3-Targeted Therapy in Patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: Du Xiangnan , Lin Benjamin C. , Wang Qian-Rena , Li Hao , Ingalla Ellen , Tien Janet , Rooney Isabelle , Ashkenazi Avi , Penuel Elicia , Qing Jing
Published: October 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify noninvasive pharmacodynamic biomarkers of FGFR3-targeted therapies in bladder cancer to facilitate the clinical development of experimental agent targeting FGFR3.

Experimental Design: Potential soluble pharmacodynamic biomarkers of FGFR3 were identified using a combination of transcriptional profiling and biochemical analyses in preclinical models. Two matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), MMP-1 and MMP-10, were selected for further studies in human bladder cancer xenograft models treated with a specific anti-FGFR3 monoclonal antibody, R3Mab. Serum and urinary levels of MMP-1 and MMP-10 were determined in healthy donors and patients with bladder cancer. The modulation of MMP-1 and MMP-10 by R3Mab in patients with bladder cancer was further evaluated in a phase I dose-escalation study.

Results: MMP-1 and MMP-10 mRNA and protein were downmodulated by FGFR3 shRNA and R3Mab in bladder cancer cell lines. FGFR3 signaling promoted the expression and secretion of MMP-1 and pro-MMP-10 in a MEK-dependent fashion. In bladder cancer xenograft models, R3Mab substantially blocked tumor progression and reduced the protein levels of human MMP-1 and pro-MMP-10 in tumor tissues as well as in mouse serum. Furthermore, both MMP-1 and pro-MMP-10 were elevated in the urine of patients with advanced bladder cancer. In a phase I dose-escalation trial, R3Mab administration resulted in an acute reduction of urinary MMP-1 and pro-MMP-10 levels in patients with bladder cancer.

Conclusion: These findings reveal a critical role of FGFR3 in regulating MMP-1 and pro-MMP-10 expression and secretion, and identify urinary MMP-1 and pro-MMP-10 as potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers for R3Mab in patients with bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6324–35. ©2014 AACR.
Regulatory Polymorphisms in Human
DBH
Affect Peripheral Gene Expression and Sympathetic Activity
Authors: Barrie Elizabeth S. , Weinshenker David , Verma Anurag , Pendergrass Sarah A. , Lange Leslie A. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Wilson James G. , Kuivaniemi Helena , Tromp Gerard , Carey David J. , Gerhard Glenn S. , Brilliant Murray H. , Hebbring Scott J. , Cubells Joseph F. , Pinsonneault Julia K. , Norman Greg J. , Sadee Wolfgang
Published: October 2014

Rationale
:

Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine in the central nervous system and peripherally.
DBH
variants are associated with large changes in circulating DBH and implicated in multiple disorders; yet causal relationships and tissue-specific effects remain unresolved.

Objective
:

To characterize regulatory variants in
DBH
, effect on mRNA expression, and role in modulating sympathetic tone and disease risk.

Methods and Results
:

Analysis of DBH mRNA in human tissues confirmed high expression in the locus coeruleus and adrenal gland, but also in sympathetically innervated organs (liver>lung>heart). Allele-specific mRNA assays revealed pronounced allelic expression differences in the liver (2- to 11-fold) attributable to promoter rs1611115 and exon 2 rs1108580, but only small differences in locus coeruleus and adrenals. These alleles were also associated with significantly reduced mRNA expression in liver and lung. Although DBH protein is expressed in other sympathetically innervated organs, mRNA levels were too low for analysis. In mice, hepatic Dbh mRNA levels correlated with cardiovascular risk phenotypes. The minor alleles of rs1611115 and rs1108580 were associated with sympathetic phenotypes, including angina pectoris. Testing combined effects of these variants suggested protection against myocardial infarction in 3 separate clinical cohorts.

Conclusions
:

We demonstrate profound effects of
DBH
variants on expression in 2 sympathetically innervated organs, liver and lung, but not in adrenals and brain. Preliminary results demonstrate an association of these variants with clinical phenotypes responsive to peripheral sympathetic tone. We hypothesize that in addition to endocrine effects via circulating DBH and norepinephrine, the variants act in sympathetically innervated target organs.
The Roadblock of Contested Recognition: Identity-Based Justice Claims as an Obstacle to Peace Negotiations in Afghanistan
Authors: Bell Arvid
Published: October 2014

Resistance to negotiation and the continuation of violence dictate the course of events in the Afghanistan conflict. However, several studies have thoroughly explored the interests of the main parties to the conflict and a settlement that respects their key demands is possible. The current military situation resembles a “hurting stalemate,” which according to rationalist assumptions should compel the parties to move toward negotiations. This article argues that the main obstacle to negotiation is an underlying and unaddressed conflict of recognition between the United States, the Afghan government, and the Taliban. While each party believes it is driven by justice claims, they perceive their opponents to be driven by a hostile strategy informed by incompatible interests. Relying on the Cultural Theory of International Relations, this article explores the parties’ motives in the conflict, focusing on the need to strive for esteem and honor. It suggests that the reciprocal acknowledgement of legitimate identity-related justice claims could remove a key obstacle to formal negotiation.
Two-to-Tango in Migration Diplomacy: Negotiating Readmission Agreement between the eu and Turkey
Authors: İçduygu Ahmet , Aksel Damla B.
Published: October 2014

Identified as effective and rapid mechanisms against irregular migration by the European Union, Readmission Agreements (ras) have become one of the major topics in current migration literature. Despite the extensity of the current literature on requesting states, the literature focusing on the requested states remains sparse. Considering that ‘it takes two to tango’ to agree on, to sign, and to implement the ras, it is very crucial to frame the positions of the requested states in the negotiation process of ras. This paper examines the tortuous negotiation process of the ra between the eu and Turkey over the last decade, by primarily focusing on the question of how Turkey, as a non-eu state, has viewed and experienced this process of negotiation.
Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the rose colored Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
Authors: PENZ CARLA M. , ALEXANDER LAURA G. , DEVRIES PHILIP J.
Published: October 2014

This study provides updated species definitions for five rose-colored Cithaerias butterflies, starting with a historical overview of their taxonomy. Given their mostly transparent wings, genitalia morphology yielded the most reliable characters for species definition and identification. Genitalic divergence is more pronounced when multiple species occur in sympatry than between parapatric taxa. Cithaerias aurorina is granted full species status, C. cliftoni is reinstated as a full species, and one new combination is proposed, i.e. C. aurora tambopata. Two new synonyms are proposed, Callitaera phantoma and Callitaera aura = Cithaerias aurora.
Response of a Simulated Hurricane to Misalignment Forcing Compared to the Predictions of a Simple Theory
Authors: Schecter David A.
Published: October 2014

This paper compares the tilt dynamics of a mature tropical cyclone simulated with a conventional cloud model to reduced modeling results and theoretical predictions. The primary experiment involves a tropical cyclone of hurricane strength on the f plane exposed to a finite period of idealized misalignment forcing. A complementary experiment shows how the vortex responds to the same forcing when moisture and symmetric secondary circulation (SSC) are removed from the initial condition. It is found that the applied forcing excites a much stronger tilt mode in the dry nonconvective vortex than in the moist convective hurricane. The evolution of tilt in both experiments agrees reasonably well with a simple linear response theory that neglects the SSC and assumes moisture merely reduces static stability in the vortex core. An additional experiment with suspended cloud water but no substantial SSC supports the theoretical notion that reduction of static stability is sufficient to inhibit the excitation of a tilt mode. However, there is some discrepancy between theory and details of asymmetric convection in the eyewall region of the simulated hurricane. Moreover, a final experiment without moisture but with an artificially maintained secondary circulation suggests that the SSC has a nonnegligible role in reducing tilt. Diagnosis of the primary hurricane simulation further illustrates how the SSC has discernible influence over misalignment at least in the eyewall. Sensitivity of tilt dynamics to the azimuthally averaged vortex structure is briefly addressed.
The Changing Relationship between Interannual Variations of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Northern Tropical Atlantic SST
Authors: Chen Shangfeng , Wu Renguang , Chen Wen
Published: October 2014

The relationship between interannual variations of boreal winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and northern tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST) experienced obvious interdecadal changes during 1870–2012. Similar interdecadal changes are observed in the amplitude of NTA SST anomalies. The mean NTA SST change may be a plausible reason for several changes in the NAO–NTA SST connection. Under a higher mean NTA SST, NTA SST anomalies induce larger wind anomalies over the North Atlantic that produce a tripole SST anomaly pattern and amplify NTA SST anomalies. Comparison of the evolution of anomalies between 1970–86 and 1996–2012 unravels changing roles of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and extratropical atmospheric disturbances in the formation of NTA SST anomalies. During 1970–86, ENSO events play a key role in initiating NTA SST anomalies in the preceding spring through atmospheric circulation changes. With the decay of ENSO, SST anomalies in the midlatitude North Atlantic weaken in the following summer, whereas NTA SST anomalies are maintained up to winter. This leads to a weak NAO–NTA SST connection in winter. During 1996–2012, the preceding spring atmospheric circulation disturbances over the midlatitude North Atlantic play a dominant role in the genesis of a North Atlantic horseshoe (NAH)-like SST anomaly pattern in the following summer and fall. This NAH-like SST anomaly pattern contributes to the development of the NAO in late fall and early winter. The atmospheric circulation anomaly, in turn, is conducive to the maintenance of NTA SST anomalies to winter via changing surface latent heat flux and shortwave radiation. This leads to a close NAO–NTA SST connection in winter.
Child-Friendly, Active, Healthy Neighborhoods
Authors: Islam Mohammed Zakiul , Moore Robin , Cosco Nilda
Published: October 2014

Relationships between neighborhood built environment characteristics and children’s average time outdoors on weekdays were investigated in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 22 built environment variables, 8 socio-demographic variables, and 1 perceptual variable were tested for their relationship to children’s ( N = 109) self-reported average time outdoors on weekdays, measured in minutes. Built environment variables were measured using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based urban form variables and systematic, direct observation. Analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. Results ( p < .01) suggest that additional minutes of children’s average time outdoors on weekdays are associated with availability of adjacent space (23 min), male child (23 min), dead-end instead of through street in front of residence (15 min), perception of neighborhood safety by parents (10 min), one story lower in level of residence floor (3 min), and 1,000 m2 less of total building footprint area within the neighborhood (1 min).
Parenteral Soy Oil and Fish Oil Emulsions
Authors: Josephson Jessica , Turner Justine M. , Field Catherine J. , Wizzard Pamela R. , Nation Patrick N. , Sergi Consolato , Ball Ronald O. , Pencharz Paul B. , Wales Paul W.
Published: October 2014

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN)–associated liver disease (PNALD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for neonates dependent on PN. Total fat emulsion dose and composition, particularly the large amount of ω‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plant oils, have been proposed as risk factors for PNALD. We hypothesized restriction of the dose of emulsion would prevent PNALD, regardless of the composition, but growth could be compromised. Methods: Using a neonatal piglet model, we compared conventional soy oil emulsion (Intralipid), dosed high (SO10, n = 8: 10 g/kg/d) and low (SO5, n = 6: 5 g/kg/d), with fish oil (Omegaven), dosed low (FO5, n = 8: 5 g/kg/d). Piglets were given isonitrogenous PN for 14 days. The normal range for all parameters was determined by measurement in equivalent aged sow‐reared piglets. Results: Bile flow was lower with high‐dose Intralipid, outside the normal range, while higher for the other groups (SO10, 5.4 µg/g; SO5, 8.6 µg/g; FO5, 13.4 µg/g; P = .010; normal range, 6.5–12.2 µg/g). Total body weight was low in all treatment groups (SO10, 4.4 kg; SO5, 4.5 kg; FO5, 5.0 kg; P = .038; normal range, 5.2–7.3 kg). Brain weight was not different between groups (SO10, 40.3 g; SO5, 36.0 g; FO5, 36.6 g; P = .122; normal range, 41.8–51.4 g). Corrected for body weight, brain weight was lowest in the fish oil group (SO10, 9.3 g/kg; SO5, 8.0 g/kg; FO5, 7.3 g/kg; P < .001; normal range, 5.9–9.0 g/kg). Conclusion: Low‐dose fat emulsions reduce the risk of developing PNALD. Further investigation of the risk to brain development in neonates exposed to dose restriction, particularly with fish oil, is required.
Preclinical Toxicity of AZD7969
Authors: Hall A. P. , Escott K. J. , Sanganee H. , Hickling K. C.
Published: October 2014

AZD7969 is a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β), which is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase that negatively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Treatment of rats and dogs with AZD7969 for periods of up to 4 weeks resulted in a number of changes, the most significant of which was a dose-dependent, and treatment-related, increase in proliferation in a number of tissues that was thought to arise from derepression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the stem cell compartment. Phenotypically, this resulted in hyperplasia that either maintained normal tissue architecture in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, and adrenals or effaced normal tissue architecture within the bones, incisor teeth, and femorotibial joint. In addition to these changes, we noted a treatment-related increase in iron loading in the liver and proximal small intestines. This off-target effect was robust, potent, and occurred in both dogs and rats suggesting that AZD7969 might be a useful tool compound to study iron storage disorders in the laboratory.
Out-of-the-box
Authors: James Roger
Published: October 2014

Fifty years have elapsed since my primary education began with the 3 Rs – Reading, wRiting and aRithmetic. Since then there have been significant technological advances in writing and arithmetic with the mass introduction of the word processor and calculator. For reading, however, the technology and method remains the same. In the absence of a recognized model for our world, I have drawn on the popular science literature and my own calculations to propose a tariff of 10,000 hours or 2000 books as the investment to acquire a new mastery. If these estimates are correct, the challenge for the information professional is how to optimize this investment.
The power of ‘know’ and ‘no’ in effective customer service delivery
Authors: Carter Denise
Published: October 2014

The author discusses customer service delivery by information teams, describing the issues of working as an internal-facing team within an organization and how that compares with customer service models for external-facing teams such as sales and marketing. The author describes customer relationship management and customer experience management techniques used by externally facing sales and marketing teams and examines whether these models can be usefully applied to information teams to add value to their operations and improve their visibility within the organization.
A New Way of Doing Time on the Outside
Authors: Kras Kimberly R. , Pleggenkuhle Breanne , Huebner Beth M.
Published: October 2014

Although housing has been highlighted as a key element of successful reentry experiences, little research has considered the perspectives of sex offenders living in transitional housing upon release from prison. This topic is important given the increasing legal restrictions faced by this offender population. The current study utilizes qualitative data to explore the pathways from prison to transitional housing, the experience of residing in these facilities, and how transitional housing is perceived to affect the overall reentry experience. In general, results suggest that sex offenders reside in the facility because of lack of access to a suitable home, and report a need for service provisions. However, most view their experiences in the transitional facility (TF) as contrary to the rehabilitative ideal, and some indicate that this type of programming has collateral consequences for reentry. The proliferation of sex offender restriction laws has only exacerbated the challenges faced by sex offenders living in the TF.
Impact of Technology Foresight on the Policy-making Process in Iran
Authors: Hassanzadeh Alireza , Namdarian Leila , Elahi Sha’Ban , Majidpour Mehdi
Published: October 2014

Technology foresight as a policy intelligence tool, can offer vital inputs for policy-making in various domains. The relationship between foresight and policy-making has been presented in the literature by the policy-related functions of foresight, but the literature reflects a theoretical gap with the systematic evaluation of the impact of foresight on policy-making. So this study tries to bridge the existing gap by development an evaluation model. The data collection tool is a questionnaire and in order to test the proposed model; a sample of fifteen experts is included. In this article a case study is conducted to implement the confirmed model in the real word and Partial Least Squares (PLSs) path analysis is used to advance our understanding of the relationships and the structure of the proposed model. The results confirm the proposed dimensions of the model and provide insight for those who are concerned with this topic.
A Perception Study on Community Response to Media Technologies for Cyclone Warning and Disaster Communication in South India
Authors: Kuppuswamy Sunitha
Published: October 2014

Coastal disasters such as cyclone and tsunami are known for their destructive nature worldwide. Such disasters in the last few years have resulted in severe loss of lives and destruction to properties. Timely cyclone warning and communication of mitigation measures are considered to play a vital role in disaster risk reduction. Both broadcast and narrowcast media are been used in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu state for disaster communications. This study intends to find the effectiveness of such media in communicating disaster warning and preparedness information and to study the community response to such media using survey methodology. The findings indicate that age and educational background of the community affects the disaster knowledge; media access and media effectiveness has a positive effect on community response. The results are discussed and a conclusion is drawn.
ICT Policies and their Role in Governance: The Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Sadik
Published: October 2014

Though the race toward introducing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in government machinery experienced a bumpy ride in its initial years, Bangladesh has taken a firm stance in favour of ICT since late 1996. During the last one and a half decades, Bangladesh has attained some major achievements in the ICT sector along with the adoption of the vision of establishing full-fledged ICT-driven governance, that is, Digital Bangladesh. However, Bangladesh’s performance in the global e-government index is not a satisfying one. This is to say that it shows a gap between initiatives and reality. This paper, therefore, explores the aptness of ICT frameworks comprised with legal, institutional and infrastructural components in establishing ICT-driven governance in Bangladesh. The arcticle is a study of the impact of the frameworks on sampled e-governance initiatives along with challenges. This artcile concludes that the ICT endeavours require more close supervision and effective coordination across the agencies to establish full-fledged ICT-driven governance in Bangladesh.
Games Unplugged! Dolanan Anak, Traditional Javanese Children’s Singing Games in the 21st-Century General Music Classroom
Authors: Wang Jui-Ching
Published: October 2014

Educated in a digital world, millennial children lack social interaction and actual hands-on activities involving tactile and kinesthetic training. To counteract this educational trend, traditional singing games that allow children to explore and make sense of their world physically can be valuable. This article introduces the traditional Javanese children’s singing games, dolanan anak, and their function in developing children’s cognitive and social skills. Children learn to follow rules and commands; acquire general information about themselves, their family, and their natural environment; and internalize sociocultural values, such as collaboration. The article also highlights the culturally specific musical characteristics of the songs, tembang dolanan anak, for example, the traditional Indonesian gamelan principles, such as tuning systems and the concept of stratified polyphony. In addition, it presents teaching strategies and ideas modified for music teachers to incorporate dolanan anak into their curriculum to meet the national standards and the goal of globalized education.
Seven- to nine-year-old children’s own assessment of health-related quality of life is important in preventing overweight and obesity
Authors: Brødsgaard Anne , Wagner Lis , Peitersen Birgit , Sørensen Thorkild IA , Poulsen Ingrid
Published: October 2014

The aim was to study how, and to what degree, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), as assessed by children and their mothers, was related to overweight and obesity among children aged seven to nine years. Mother–child pairs of 149 non-overweight, 95 overweight and 16 obese children participated. We assessed HRQOL by the children’s self-report and parent proxy report module of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. We found that non-overweight children scored HRQOL slightly higher than overweight ones but significantly higher than did obese children. The same pattern was seen for the mothers’ proxy HRQOL score and mothers in general scored higher than the children did. The results indicate that mothers in general were not sufficiently aware of how overweight and obesity affect their children’s HRQOL. The psychosocial dimension of HRQOL was the most important aspect for the children. Thus, there is a need for information of mothers/parents about the impact of overweight and obesity on children’s HRQOL. Such intervention by health professionals may among other interventions help to prevent and reduce overweight and obesity among children and thus help to increase the children’s HRQOL throughout their lives.
Qualitative Evaluation of GoGirlGo! Insights From Staff on Using a Curriculum Within After-School Programs to Improve Physical Activity
Authors: Dinkel Danae M. , Huberty Jennifer , Beets Michael W.
Published: October 2014

Background. After-school programs (ASPs) are a promising opportunity for increasing girls’ physical activity (PA). Few curricula are targeted specifically for the needs of girls, and the effectiveness of most of these curricula is unknown. One curriculum that is specifically designed to facilitate PA in girls in the ASP setting but has not been formally evaluated is GoGirlGo! (GGG). The purpose of the qualitative assessment was to explore staff’s overall satisfaction with GGG and to identify best practices for implementation. Method. A qualitative case study consisting of semistructured interviews with staff (n = 21) was conducted. Data were analyzed using the process of immersion/crystallization. Results. A majority of participants reported being satisfied with GGG. Best practices for implementation included having site directors schedule time and space for GGG and adapting GGG to fit the needs of the girls. Suggested improvements included increasing the intensity of the PA offered, adding visuals (e.g., videos), and providing interactive staff training. Discussion. This qualitative exploration of GGG provided several suggested modifications for GGG. These modifications may strengthen GGG and other girl-focused ASP programs to improve girls’ ability to obtain recommended levels of PA in ASPs.
Conducting Community Health Needs Assessments in Rural Communities
Authors: Becker Karin L.
Published: October 2014

The Affordable Care Act of 2010 requires all nonprofit hospitals in the United States to conduct a Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) at least every 3 years. With this law in its infancy, the best practice to conduct an assessment that complies with the law is unknown. Research designs vary across states and agencies, and little is known about the reliability or representativeness of results. The rural community group model (RCGM) is a newly developed model designed for conducting assessments in rural communities. Key components of the model are disseminating surveys, conducting key informant interviews, facilitating focus groups, and integrating secondary data of county-level health behaviors and outcomes. It has been used to conduct CHNAs on more than half the critical access hospitals in North Dakota (58%). Given this large sample size, which used the same methodology, this article provides an evaluation of the model focusing on lessons learned and challenges encountered in the conduct of CHNAs. Particular strategies for assessment planners are warding off group think, monitoring against bias creep in data collection, and integrating multiple data sources to inform decision making. The model is recommended for replication in rural settings to provide meaningful feedback that allows a hospital to match long-term planning with community needs.
Can We Automate Compliance to Collision Avoidance Resolution Advisories?
Authors: Pritchett Amy R.
Published: October 2014

The Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) was designed to prevent mid-air collisions by portraying a time-critical “resolution advisory” (RA) to the pilot. Complying with a TCAS RA is generally considered the safest course of action and takes priority over all other forms of air traffic management; however, pilot compliance with TCAS RAs is surprisingly low. One proposed solution is an ‘Auto-RA’ function which couples the autoflight system to TCAS such that, when the autopilot is engaged, it automatically executes any corrective RAs. This paper describes a study in an integrated flight deck / air traffic control simulator examining how pilots interact with TCAS with and without an ‘Auto-RA’ function. A prior study found that pilots allowed the autoflight system to fly the RA maneuver in 83% of the runs, but the situations where the pilots disconnected the Auto-RA function generally involved scenarios where pilots received confusing guidance from the RA, and conflicting instructions from air traffic control. Further, once clear of the conflict, pilots appeared to have trouble remembering which autoflight modes they had had engaged before the RA, and air traffic instructions requiring particular speed or altitude targets that were effectively erased by the Auto-RA function. Thus, this study particularly focused on particularly problematic traffic encounters, and on situations where the Auto-RA might disrupt pilots from meeting a specified air traffic restriction.
Identifying Emerging Human Factors Risks in North American Airline Operations
Authors: Yan Jingru , Histon Jonathan
Published: October 2014

In order to provide insight into the emerging human factors risks in North American commercial aviation operations, this paper identifies the major aircrew human errors in recent airline operation accidents and incidents. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) was used to categorize 267 accident and incident final reports, obtained from National Transportation Safety Board and Transportation Safety Board of Canada investigation report databases from 2006 to 2010. The results show that Unsafe Acts and Preconditions of Unsafe Acts are still the most prominent human factors risks, whereas trend analysis for 10 major HFACS categories shows that the violation increases compared to previous study. The study also finds that Crew Resource Management is still one of the prominent causal factors and that there is a growing demand for training. The study will support safety departments developing corresponding risk mitigation methods to improve aviation safety.
Visualizing Human Factors and Ergonomics Publications
Authors: Lee John D.
Published: October 2014

Objective: This paper explores the strengths and limits of word clouds and word networks in visualizing the field of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE). Background: Large volumes of textual data present unique analysis and visualization challenges. Visualization techniques for these and other types of data must balance the need to make graphics engaging, accessible, and informative. Method: The analysis considers 11,911 abstracts from two decades of papers published in 11 HFE journals. A common graphical representation of text data—word clouds—is compared with word networks. Results: Word clouds and word networks both reveal key terms of HFE, but word networks provide additional information regarding the sematic structure of the field. Restyling what has become known as the “mullet of the internet” could make a valuable contribution to analyzing textual data. Conclusion: Like other visualization techniques, word networks offer more insight, but with the cost of being less accessible than the simpler word clouds. Application: Word networks offer a promising alternative to word clouds in providing a more complete view of textual data than is possible with word clouds.
Role of an Anthropomorphic Agent in Environmental Decision Making
Authors: Liechty Molly , Madhavan Poornima
Published: October 2014

Computer agents can significantly impact the manner in which people perceive information and make choices. This study examined the effectiveness of an anthropomorphized computer agent (a Polar Bear) versus a simple text box at two levels of reliability on participants’ receptiveness to information about climate change and subsequent environmentally friendly behavior. Participants ( N=110) answered questions about climate change while receiving the assistance of one of four computer agents comprising either an anthropomorphic agent (Polar Bear) or text box at 90% or 60% reliability. Results revealed that dependence on the anthropomorphic Polar Bear agent did not significantly differ from dependence on information conveyed via the Text Box agent; however, accuracy on the environmental quiz was greater for participants assisted by the Polar Bear agent under 90% reliability but lower than those assisted by the Text Box under 60% reliability. This study demonstrates that in some contexts the decision aiding advantages of anthropomorphic characters are selective and may be dependent largely on the agent’s demonstrated reliability at helping users reach their end goal.
Effects of Cognitive Biases on Distributed Team Decision Making
Authors: Mancuso Vincent F. , Finomore Victor S. , Rahill Katherine M. , Blair Elizabeth A. , Funke Gregory J.
Published: October 2014

Over the last several years, teams that collaborate across geographic, temporal and cultural boundaries are becoming common in the modern workplace. While these “distributed teams” provide organizations with numerous benefits from an operational and cost standpoint, there are still numerous challenges associated with them. One such issue that has yet to be explored is how well-known cognitive biases may impact distributed decision making. In this paper, we present an initial exploration of confirmation bias and its propagation in distributed team collaborations. Using the ELICIT task environment, we manipulated the order of information provided to teams. Our hypothesis was that serial order would influence the significance teams placed on information, such that they would overweigh incorrect information presented early in the task, thus inducing a team cognitive bias. Our results conformed to that hypothesis, i.e., when incorrect information was presented early, teams appeared to apply greater focus on that information in subsequent discussions, and they reported incorrect answers more often, suggesting the influence of a confirmation bias in their deliberations. These results highlight the need for continued research on team cognition and team cognitive biases, particularly in complex, distributed environments.