bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using a Social Capital Lens to Identify the Mechanisms of Top Management Commitment: A Case Study of a Technology Project
Authors: Amoako-Gyampah Kwasi , Meredith Jack , Loyd Kathy White
Published: July 2018

The implementation of large-scale technology projects is still fraught with failures resulting in tremendous costs to organizations. One of the factors that is widely recognized as critical for achieving technology implementation success (and, for that matter, projects in general) is top management commitment. The actual mechanisms by which top management impacts project success, however, have not received much attention in the project management literature. We use a case study approach here to illustrate how social capital theory provides a useful lens for understanding how top management's actions impact project success and show how project success is strengthened by the enhancement of social capital through top management commitment. We employ causal maps to clarify, illustrate, and visualize the complex interactions between top management commitment and social capital in facilitating project success. This study contributes to the literature and theory on the mechanisms by which top management commitment influences project success by offering propositions for future research.
Virtues and Vices in Project Management Ethics
Authors: Ljungblom Mia , Lennerfors Thomas Taro
Published: July 2018

Project management is omnipresent, yet the research on project management ethics is still lacking. Recent research stresses the importance of developing virtue ethics for project managers. This study contributes to this research by offering an empirical exploration as to whether virtue ethics is used by project managers and project management students, and whether the use of it is fundamentally maximalistic or minimalistic. The study shows that virtue ethics is used by respondents—particularly virtues of courage, fortitude, truthfulness, and moderation, and the avoidance of vices, such as weakness of will and cowardice. It also shows that virtue ethics is invoked both maximalistically and minimalistically.
Corruption as a Source of Government Project Failure in Developing Countries
Authors: Damoah Isaac Sakyi , Akwei Cynthia A. , Amoako Isaac Oduro , Botchie David
Published: July 2018

This study explores how corruption impacts the failure of government projects in developing countries with evidence from the Ghanaian context. This study solicits the perceptions of project management practitioners (14), contractors (6), government officials (clients; 5), and the general public (5) on the subject. The findings indicate that corruption influences government project failure on all the failure criteria that were used for the evaluation. However, corruption influences failure at two different levels: project management and product phase. At the project management level, corruption has direct influence, while at the product phase level, the influence is indirect.
Project Managers’ Competences
Authors: do Vale João Walter Saunders Pacheco , Nunes Breno , de Carvalho Marly Monteiro
Published: July 2018

This article investigates the individual competences of project managers through a methodological approach that combines a systematic literature review and an analysis of employment opportunities. A comparative analysis of project manager’s competences from the literature and the job advertisements was done. The systematic literature review was the first stage of the research and consisted of adopting methods of bibliometrics and content analysis. The second stage included an analysis of project managers’ competences in the selection process. Thus, five Brazilian recruitment websites and the selection of employees were investigated. Through literature review, it was possible to classify and code competences in four categories (contextual, managerial, technical, and behavioral). The analysis of job advertisements allowed us to identify core competence requirements in the job descriptions and to develop a project manager profile expected by Brazilian organizations.
Important Behavioral Skills for is Project Managers: The Judgments of Experienced is Professionals
Authors: Jiang James J. , Klein Gary , Margulis Steve
Published: July 2018

A competent IS project manager is regarded as the most critical factor for project success. Prior research has identified 18 important behavioral skills for IS project managers. This research study had experienced IS professionals evaluate the importance of these 18 behavioral skills to the success of an IS project. The three behavioral skills ranking highest in importance were interviewing, directing, and managing. The lowest-ranking skills of selling, assertiveness, and nonverbal communication were still regarded as somewhat important. Additionally, the rankings were similar for IS professionals who differed in their work experience, application area experience, and project complexity experience. The rankings can be used to guide the initial selection of IS project managers and their behavioral skills training.
Implementing Earned Value Easily and Effectively
Authors: Brandon Daniel M.
Published: July 2018

Earned value is a powerful approach for evaluating true project performance. It also provides a quantitative basis for estimating actual completion time and actual cost at completion. However, the effective use of this technique is rare outside of the U.S. government and its contractors. There are several reasons for this general lack of use. This paper presents the implementation problems and also some methodology and specific techniques to overcome each of these problems, thus providing an effective and relatively easy implementation of earned value.
Project Managers and Functional Managers: A Case Study of Job Satisfaction in a Matrix Organization
Authors: Turner Susan G. , Utley Dawn R. , Westbrook Jerry D.
Published: July 2018

Information regarding job satisfaction within an organization using a matrix structure is limited. This paper provides empirical evidence regarding the difference in job satisfaction between project managers and functional managers in one matrix organization: a government research and development center. Key findings of this research include the identification of the factors that provide job satisfaction for both groups and the significant difference in job satisfaction between the groups. The perceived efficiencies provided by the matrix structure may be negated by the lack of job satisfaction experienced by the functional managers.
Decision-Making over the Project Life Cycle: An Analytical Hierarchy Approach
Authors: Mian Sarfraz A. , Dai Christine Xiaoyi
Published: July 2018

Modern project management decisions are made in an environment often characterized by complexity, need for flexibility, and inclusion of a decision-maker's subjectivity. Typical project management, private or public, involves making decisions on the allocation of resources, project selection, choice of project managers, bid evaluation, vendor selection, and so forth, in an efficient and timely manner. In this paper, we illustrate how these kinds of decisions can be analyzed via a powerful research-based, multicriteria decision-making technique, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Using AHP, the decision problems are delineated into hierarchies in the form of goals, criteria, and alternatives for pairwise comparisons using Expert Choice® software. The judgments are further synthesized to provide ranking of the alternatives for the best choice.
Reference Ranges and Determinants of Thyroid Function During Early Pregnancy: The SELMA Study
Authors: Derakhshan Arash , Shu Huan , Broeren Maarten A C , de Poortere Ralph A , Wikström Sverre , Peeters Robin P , Demeneix Barbara , Bornehag Carl-Gustaf , Korevaar Tim I M
Published: July 2018

Context

Establishing reference ranges as well as identifying and quantifying the determinants of thyroid function during pregnancy is important for proper clinical interpretation and optimizing research efforts. However, such data are sparse, specifically for triiodothyronine measurements, and most studies do not take into account thyroid antibodies or human chorionic gonadotropin.

Objective

To determine reference ranges and to identify/quantify determinants of TSH, free T4 (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total T4 (TT4), and total triiodothyronine (TT3).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study included 2314 participants of the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy study, a population-based prospective pregnancy cohort of mother-child pairs. Reference ranges were calculated by 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles after excluding thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb)–positive and/or thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb)–positive women.

Intervention

None.

Main Outcome Measures

TSH, FT4, FT3, TT4, and TT3 in prenatal serum.

Results

After exclusion of TPOAb-positive women, reference ranges were as follows: TSH, 0.11 to 3.48 mU/L; FT4, 11.6 to 19.4 pmol/L; FT3, 3.72 to 5.92 pg/mL; TT4, 82.4 to 166.2 pmol/L; and TT3, 1.28 to 2.92 nmol/L. Additional exclusion of TgAb-positive women did not change the reference ranges substantially. Exposure to tobacco smoke, as assessed by questionnaires and serum cotinine, was associated with lower TSH and higher FT3 and TT3. Body mass index (BMI) and gestational age were the main determinants of TSH (only for BMI), FT4, FT3, TT4, and TT3.

Conclusions

We show that the exclusion of TgAb-positive women on top of excluding TPOAb-positive women hardly affects clinical reference ranges. We identified various relevant clinical determinants of TSH, FT4, FT3, TT4, and TT3 that could reflect endocrine-disrupting effects and/or effects on thyroid hormone transport or deiodination.
Cold acclimation conditions constrain plastic responses for resistance to cold and starvation in Drosophila immigrans
Authors: Pathak Ankita , Munjal Ashok , Parkash Ravi
Published: July 2018

In montane Drosophila species, cold-induced plastic changes in energy metabolites are likely developed to cope with cold and starvation stress. Adult Drosophila immigrans reared at 15°C were acclimated at 0°C or 7°C for durations of up to 6 days (fed or unfed conditions). Such flies were tested for plastic changes in resistance to cold or starvation stress as well as for possible accumulation and utilization of four energy metabolites (body lipids, proline, trehalose and glycogen). Adults acclimated at 7°C revealed a greater increase in cold tolerance than flies acclimated at 0°C. Different durations of cold acclimation at 7°C led to increased level of body lipids only in fed flies which were utilized under starvation stress. However, such plastic responses were not observed in the flies acclimated at 0°C, which remained unfed due to chill-coma. These observations suggest a possible role of feeding to improve starvation resistance only in the flies acclimated at 7°C with food. Cold acclimated D. immigrans flies revealed improved cold resistance through a possible reshuffling of trehalose and glycogen; and starvation-induced proline which was utilized under cold stress durations. Finally, greater reduction in mean daily fecundity due to cold or starvation was observed in 0°C acclimated flies as compared to 7°C acclimated flies. Thus, cold acclimation conditions (0°C or 7°C) greatly impact resistance to cold and starvation in D. immigrans.
Stratum recruits Rab8 at Golgi exit sites to regulate the basolateral sorting of Notch and Sanpodo
Authors: Bellec Karen , Gicquel Isabelle , Le Borgne Roland
Published: July 2018

In Drosophila, the sensory organ precursor (SOP or pI cell) divides asymmetrically to give birth to daughter cells, the fates of which are governed by the differential activation of the Notch pathway. Proteolytic activation of Notch induced by ligand is based on the correct polarized sorting and localization of the Notch ligand Delta, the Notch receptor and its trafficking partner Sanpodo (Spdo). Here, we have identified Stratum (Strat), a presumptive guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab GTPases, as a regulator of Notch activation. Loss of Strat causes cell fate transformations associated with an accumulation of Notch, Delta and Spdo in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and an apical accumulation of Spdo. The strat mutant phenotype is rescued by the catalytically active as well as the wild-type form of Rab8, suggesting a chaperone function for Strat rather than that of exchange factor. Strat is required to localize Rab8 at the TGN, and rab8 phenocopies strat. We propose that Strat and Rab8 act at the exit of the Golgi apparatus to regulate the sorting and the polarized distribution of Notch, Delta and Spdo.
Two independent sulfation processes regulate mouth-form plasticity in the nematodePristionchus pacificus
Authors: Namdeo Suryesh , Moreno Eduardo , Rödelsperger Christian , Baskaran Praveen , Witte Hanh , Sommer Ralf J.
Published: July 2018

Sulfation of biomolecules, like phosphorylation, is one of the most fundamental and ubiquitous biochemical modifications with important functions during detoxification. This process is reversible, involving two enzyme classes: a sulfotransferase, which adds a sulfo group to a substrate; and a sulfatase that removes the sulfo group. However, unlike phosphorylation, the role of sulfation in organismal development is poorly understood. In this study, we find that two independent sulfation events regulate the development of mouth morphology in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus. This nematode has the ability to form two alternative mouth morphologies depending on environmental cues, an example of phenotypic plasticity. We found that, in addition to a previously described sulfatase, a sulfotransferase is involved in regulating the mouth-form dimorphism in P. pacificus. However, it is unlikely that both of these sulfation-associated enzymes act upon the same substrates, as they are expressed in different cell types. Furthermore, animals mutant in genes encoding both enzymes show condition-dependent epistatic interactions. Thus, our study highlights the role of sulfation-associated enzymes in phenotypic plasticity of mouth structures in Pristionchus.
Associação de variáveis ambientais à ocorrência de leptospirose humana na cidade de Natal-RN: uma análise de distribuição espacial
Authors: Teixeira Karen Kaline , Santana Reginaldo Lopes , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro
Published: July 2018

Introdução: a leptospirose humana pode ser considerada um evento sentinela e sua distribuição espacial pode refletir riscos à saúde advinda de condições ambientais e sociais adversas. Objetivo: analisar a associação entre as variáveis ambientais e a leptospirose humana na cidade de Natal-RN. Métodos: por meio das técnicas de Kernel, Cluster e Interpolação no software QGIS 2.12, foi analisada a localização de 123 pontos de alagamento, a área de extensão de 27 feiras livres e 134 casos confirmados de leptospirose humana ocorridos no período de 2007 a 2016 e registrados no SINAN. Resultados: a densidade de Kernel e a técnica de Cluster apontaram que a ocorrência de casos de leptospirose são coincidentes geograficamente com as áreas de inundação e da ocorrência de feiras livres, formando áreas de maior densidade nos bairros de Quintas, Alecrim e Pajuçara. A interpolação mostrou que o predomínio de áreas de associação desses três eventos ocorre geograficamente por uma faixa que se estende por toda a periferia da cidade, próximas a aglomerados subnormais e bairros com menor nível de organização urbana. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem a existência de características ecológicas favoráveis à transmissão da leptospirose em locais de proliferação de roedores sinantrópicos, com destaque para as áreas periféricas da cidade. Essas técnicas se mostraram úteis na obtenção de uma análise global da situação epidemiológica da leptospirose humana, o que viabiliza sua utilização pela vigilância epidemiológica desse agravo.
Importância do uso de protetor solar na prevenção do câncer de pele e análise das informações desses produtos destinados a seus usuários
Authors: Santos Sandra Oliveira , Sobrinho Raimaria Rodrigues , Oliveira Thainara Alves de
Published: July 2018

Introdução: O índice de brasileiros acometidos por câncer de pele  é alto e  ainda cresce, especialmente por o Brasil ser um país de elevada incidência de raios ultravioletas e de população despreocupada com os fatores de prevenção. O uso do protetor solar é essencial para se evitar a exposição aos raios ultravioleta causadores do câncer de pele e do  fotoenvelhecimento. Metodologia: Análise de rótulos dos protetores solares mais comercializados no Brasil. Eles foram divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com idade e indicação, se é para uso no corpo ou na face. Foram apresentados os resultados de FPS, indicação, forma farmacêutica, características do protetor solar, além de efeitos colaterais e adversos Resultados: Analisaram-se dez rótulos de produtos dermocosméticos de uso tópico para proteção solar. Observou-se que há preocupação em relatar a possibilidade de reações alérgicas, bem como a preocupação de classificar quanto ao Fator de Proteção Solar. Houve indicação à prevenção ao fotoenvelhecimento e até aos homens com pele escura e barba. Discussão: A utilização desses protetores solares só será eficaz se eles forem utilizados de forma correta pela população e em consonância com vestuários e acessórios. Os filtros solares possuem vários princípios ativos que, por suas particularidades, variam também no modo de uso. Para evitar o uso inadequado dos protetores solares, é importante que o usuário saiba qual protetor seria o mais eficaz dentro das individualidades. Considerações finais: A promoção à saúde da pele engloba ações que propiciem às pessoas conscientização na escolha do correto protetor solar, a fim de minimizar efeitos deletérios dos raios ultravioletas, especialmente o câncer de pele.
Percepção do enfermeiro da atenção básica acerca do atendimento à gestante soropositiva
Authors: Goulart Carolinne Siqueira , Mariano Vanessa Thomasi , Castilho Wueliton Rodrigo Ferreira , Segura Janice Santana do Nascimento , Mota Wilian Helber
Published: July 2018

Introdução: Gestantes portadoras do vírus HIV devem ser acompanhadas durante todo o pré-natal, pelo enfermeiro, pelo médico-obstetra e pelo infectologista. Objetivo: Descrever a percepção dos enfermeiros que atuam na atenção básica diante do atendimento a uma gestante soropositiva. Método: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa e pesquisa de campo realizado com 14 enfermeiros e dados das notificações do setor de vigilância epidemiológica de Cacoal-RO. Resultados: Atuam, no município, enfermeiros de ambos os sexos, a média de idades foi 31 anos (DP±5,19), referente ao tempo de profissão, a média foi 5 anos (DP±2,64). Foram registrados 10 casos de soropositividade em gestantes no município de Cacoal no período de 2013 a 2017. Quanto ao atendimento à gestante soropositiva 8 (57,14%) nunca realizaram esse atendimento, ainda assim 12 (85,71%) autoavaliaram-se capazes. O sentimento das gestantes, diante da notícia da soropositividade, mais percebido pelos enfermeiros foi nervosismo seguido de choro, 3 (21,43%). Todos os enfermeiros entrevistados afirmaram que o seguimento da gestante soropositiva deve ocorrer concomitantemente à atenção básica e ao serviço ambulatorial especializado. Classificaram-se capazes de orientar quanto aos riscos e à prevenção da Transmissão vertical 85,71% dos profissionais. Conclusão: Inferiu-se que os enfermeiros, seguindo os preceitos, éticos e científicos são capazes de realizar o atendimento às gestantes, bem como realizar orientações quanto aos riscos de transmissão vertical e acerca da terapêutica recomendada; porém, devido ao pouco contato com essa clientela eles se percebem deficientes de capacitações que visem à melhoria da assistência prestada por não se tratar de rotina de trabalho.
Η ΦΥΣΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΘΕΡΜΟΚΡΑΣΙΑ TOY ΗΜΙΟΝΟΥ
Authors: ΜΑΤΘΑΙΑΚΗΣ ΕΜΜΑΝΟΥΗΛ Α.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Factors associated with induced demand for services in Iran’s healthcare system
Authors: Mahmoudi Ghahraman , Roohi Ghanbar , Asadi Mohammad , Rasooly Kalamaki Fatemeh , Abam Samira , Khojamli Mansoor , Abdi Talarposhti Masoomeh
Published: July 2018

Background: One of the most important subjects in health economics and healthcare management is the theory of induced demand; that is, caring for or providing and selling unnecessary services to users of healthcare systems, which is accompanied by the exercising of power by the service providers.

Methods:This study was performed on physicians, nurses, and laboratory and radiology technicians working in Medical Science universities. Random sampling was conducted from five areas: the center, north, west, east and south of Iran. Data were gathered by a questionnaire, with a Cronbach's alpha of >0.7, consisting of nine dimensions on existence of induced demand and its associated factors.

Results:The results showed that overall, 65.2% of the participants agreed with the existence of induced demand.Chi-squared test showed there was no difference in the level of induced demand between the regions of the country, education level and occupation. However, there was a significant difference in terms of gender (P<0.005). The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant relationship between the associated factors and induced demand (P<0.005).

Conclusions:Results showed that induced demand was influenced by factors including service recipients’ awareness, personal benefits of service providers, the extent they cared about health, supervision of insurance companies, industrialization of the health sector, diversity and increased number of trained experts and the quality of methods of training the service providers.  Therefore, policymakers and planners should consider raising awareness of health service recipients, supervising insurance companies, reforming teaching methods, social culture making and changing the beliefs of society.
Understanding the CD8 T-cell response in natural HIV control
Authors: Boppana Sushma , Goepfert Paul
Published: July 2018

HIV-infected individuals who maintain control of virus without antiretroviral therapy (ART) are called HIV controllers. The immune responses of these individuals suppress HIV viral replication to low levels or, in the case of elite controllers, to undetectable levels. Although some research indicates a role for inferior virulence of the infecting viral strain in natural control, perhaps by way of defective Nef protein function, we find that the majority of research in HIV controllers highlights CD8 T cells as the main suppressor of viral replication. The most convincing evidence for this argument lies in the strong correlation between certain HLA-I alleles, especially B*57, and HIV control status, a finding that has been replicated by many groups. However, natural control can also occur in individuals lacking these specific HLA alleles, and our understanding of what constitutes an effective CD8 T-cell response remains an incomplete picture. Recent research has broadened our understanding of natural HIV control by illustrating the interactions between different immune cells, including innate immune effectors and antigen-presenting cells. For many years, the immune responses of the natural HIV controllers have been studied for clues on how to achieve functional cure in the rest of the HIV-infected population. The goal of a future functional cure to HIV is one where HIV-infected individuals’ immune responses are able to suppress virus long-term without requiring ART. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of how HIV controllers’ natural immune responses are able to suppress virus.
Profundizando en la transición entre educación infantil y educación primaria: la perspectiva de familias y profesorado
Authors: Castro Zubizarreta Ana , Ezquerra Muñoz Pilar , Argos González Javier
Published: July 2018

El trabajo pretende conocer la perspectiva mantenida por familias y profesorado en relación con diferentes elementos del proceso de transición entre Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria: su importancia o trascendencia, los cambios que se producen y los desafíos a los que se enfrentan los pequeños, así como los mecanismos y actuaciones implementados por los centros para favorecerlo. 460 familias y profesores participaron en el estudio cumplimentando un cuestionario. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la existencia de una brecha importante de pensamiento entre familias y profesorado en torno a la importancia y la trascendencia concedida a las transiciones que se viven en la primera infancia, a pesar de encontrar también otros aspectos convergentes. Teniendo en cuenta dichos hallazgos se anima a la generación de programas de transición educativa adaptados a las necesidades y demandas de cada centro escolar, que favorezcan la participación de todas las personas implicadas en este importante proceso.
Investigating English for Specific Purposes Tourism Management Textbooks. Evidence from Iranian ESP Needs Analysis
Authors: EGHDAMI Mahmoud , MOINZAHEH Ahamd , BARATI Hossein
Published: July 2018

The current study was an attempt to investigate whether the current textbooks applied in English for Tourism Management courses complied with the standards of such texts in the world-leading universities. In addition, it explored the instructors’ and students’ needs in relation to the quality of the texts. To this end, 5 instructors and 61 students of Tourism Management from four universities were selected. Two questionnaires were administered among the participants in the study. The obtained data were analysed through descriptive and content analysis. The findings revealed that current texts were in line with the standards of the world-leading universities. Concerning the second question, the instructors’ and students’ needs were clarified and discussed. Suggestions for further research were also reported.
Key Brain Network Nodes Show Differential Cognitive Relevance and Developmental Trajectories during Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Kolskår Knut K. , Alnæs Dag , Kaufmann Tobias , Richard Geneviève , Sanders Anne-Marthe , Ulrichsen Kristine M. , Moberget Torgeir , Andreassen Ole A. , Nordvik Jan E. , Westlye Lars T.
Published: July 2018

Human adolescence is a period of rapid changes in cognition and goal-directed behavior, and it constitutes a major transitional phase towards adulthood. One of the mechanisms suggested to underlie the protracted maturation of functional brain networks, is the increased network integration and segregation enhancing neural efficiency. Importantly, the increasing coordinated network interplay throughout development is mediated through functional hubs, which are highly connected brain areas suggested to be pivotal nodes for the regulation of neural activity. To elucidate brain hub development during childhood and adolescence, we estimated voxel-wise eigenvector centrality (EC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from two different psychological contexts (resting state and a working memory task), in a large cross-sectional sample (n= 754) spanning the age from 8 to 22 years, and decomposed the maps using independent component analysis (ICA). Our results reveal significant age-related centrality differences in cingulo-opercular, visual, and sensorimotor network nodes during both rest and task performance, suggesting that common neurodevelopmental processes manifest across different mental states. Supporting the functional significance of these developmental patterns, the centrality of the cingulo-opercular node was positively associated with task performance. These findings provide evidence for protracted maturation of hub properties in specific nodes of the brain connectome during the course of childhood and adolescence and suggest that cingulo-opercular centrality is a key factor supporting neurocognitive development.
Energy Use Intensities for Asset Rating of Hellenic Non-Residential Buildings
Authors: Kalliopi G. Droutsa  , Constantinos A. Balaras  , Elena G. Dascalaki  , Simon Kontoyiannidis  , Athanassios A. Argiriou
Published: July 2018

This work present the results from an in-depth analysis of data from about 120,000 energy performance certificates in order to gain a better understanding of the energy use and carbon emissions of non-residential (NR) buildings in Greece. The analysis is performed for all different building uses, construction periods and Hellenic climate zones. This is a first step for generating new knowledge about the NR building stock in Greece and deriving compatible energy asset metrics that can be used for assessing NR buildings independent from their operation and occupancy. The mean (median in parenthesis) primary energy use intensity is 539.5 (442.6) kWh/m2 and emissions reach 170.0 (141.4) kgCO2/m2. The derived energy baselines reveal that indoor sports halls/swimming pools are the most energy intensive facilities, while schools have the lowest energy use, due to their operational patterns. Lighting is the most energy consuming service, followed by cooling, space heating and a very low domestic hot water use.
SELECTION OF THE COMPLEX OF ENZYME PREPARATIONS FOR THE HYDROLYSIS OF GRAIN CONSTITUENTS DURING THE FERMENTATION OF THE WORT OF HIGH CONCENTRATION
Authors: Mudrak T. , Kuts A. , Kovalchuk S. , Kyrylenko R. , Bondar N.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, an optimal complex is selected of enzyme preparations for hydrolysis of the components of grain raw materials during fermentation of high concentration wort. When selecting enzyme systems, their effect on the technical and chemical parameters of the fermented wash during the fermentation of wort is investigated. For the research, maize grain with a starch content of 69.0 % was used. Fermentation was carried out with 18–30% of dry matters (DM) in the wort, using the osmophilic yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO-16.The recommended concentration of the enzyme preparation Amylex 4 T (the source of the α-amylase enzyme) – 0.4–0.6 units of α-amylase ability/g of starch – is optimal for the concentration 18–27% of DS in the wort. For 30 % of DS, it is practical to use 0.6 units of α-amylase ability/g of starch. With the use of the enzyme preparation Diazyme TGA (the source of the enzyme glucoamylase), the value is 7.5 units of glucoamylase ability/g of starch, alcohol accumulation in fermented washes was 10.51, 13.35, 15.78% vol., according to the wort concentrations 18, 27, 30 %, respectively. It has been established that with the application of the cytolytic enzyme Laminex 750, the concentrations of dissolved carbohydrates and non-dissolved starch have a tendency to decrease. In the samples where the proteolytic enzyme preparation Alphalase AFP was added at a concentration of 0.05 units of proteolytic ability/g of raw materials, there was an increase in the accumulation of yeast cells by 6.5% compared with the reference sample. The recommended concentration of Deltazyme VR XL (the source of β-glucanase and xylanase) is 0.05 units β-glucose/g of raw materials. The addition of a cytolytic and proteolytic enzyme preparation in combination with β-glucanase and xylanase contributed to an increase in the accumulation of ethanol in the washes by 1.7 % compared with the reference sample, and to an almost 33 % decrease in the concentration of dissolved carbohydrates and non-dissolved starch. On the basis of experimental studies, it has been found that using a complex of enzyme preparations – amylolytic (Amylex 4T), saccharifying (Diazyme TGA), proteolytic (Alphalase AFP), cytolytic (Laminex 750), and complex AF β-glucanase and xylanase (Deltazyme VR XL), in various combinations of their concentrations, – contributed to the intensification of the fermentation process of the wort and increased accumulation of the target product, ethanol, by 0.8–1.4 %, depending on the wort concentration. The highest amount of ethanol accumulated at the maximum dosage of additional enzyme preparations.
DETERMINING TARTRATE IONS IN THE SAMPLES OF MINERAL TABLE WATERS BY THE DECAY OF MOLECULAR LUMINESCENCE OF RUTIN IN COMPLEX WITH YTTRIUM (III)
Authors: Malinka E. , Beltyukova S. , Boychenko V.
Published: July 2018

The yttrium (III)-rutin (Rut) complex in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) is suggested as a luminescent sensor to determine tartrate ions (Tart). It has been experimentally established that tartrate ions reduce the luminescence intensity (Ilum) of the Y(III)-Rut complex in the presence of BSA and Tart. The spectral and luminescent properties of the Y(III)-Rut complex in the presence of BSA have been studied. The peak of the luminescence spectrum of the Y(III)-Rut complex in the presence of BSA is at λ=570 nm. In the presence of potassium tartrate, Ilum of the Y(III)-Rut complex decreases, and the maximum luminescence shifts to the longwave region of the spectrum (λ=590 nm). It is known that the luminescence decay can be caused by various processes, including reactions in the excited state, energy transfer, formation of complexes, and collisional decay. It can be assumed that the decay effect of the Y(III)-Rut complex is due to the complexation reaction of Y(III) with Tart, that leads to the destruction of the Y(III)-Rut complex. The luminescence decay of the Y(III)-Rut complex in the presence of BSA by means of Tart follows the Stern-Volmer relationship. The Stern-Volmer constant K is 1230 l/mol. The method of luminescent determination of tartrate ions in mineral table waters has been developed. It is based on using the decay of rutin’s molecular luminescence in the Y(III)-rutin complex in the presence of BSA. The linear calibration plot for tartrate ions has been obtained over the range of Tart concentrations of 0.02 to 0.20 mg/ml. The limit of determining potassium tartrate is 0.01 mg/ml. The technique has an advantage over the existing ones due to the absence of toxic reagents, and short-time analysis. Besides, it allows rapid screening of samples of mineral table water.
DETERMINING HEAVY METALS IN MUSHROOM SAMPLES BY STRIPPING VOLT-AMMETRY
Authors: Kupchyk O.
Published: July 2018

Industrial cultivation of mushrooms in Ukraine in recent years has been developing at a rather high pace. A promising consumer of Ukrainian mushrooms may be the European Union market. But mushrooms are not delivered there in significant volumes due to quite high requirements for the product quality. From the biosphere, heavy metals can enter the mushrooms and make them potentially dangerous for people. The content of heavy metals: zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper in edible mushrooms (ceps, chanterelles, butter mushrooms, saffron milk-caps, and champignons) has been studied by using the stripping voltammetry method after the destruction of the matrix of mushroom samples. Sample preparation was done by the method of “wet” mineralisation with oxidising mixtures of various compositions using inorganic acids (nitrate, chloride, sulfate), and an oxidiser – hydrogen peroxide. Besides, dry ashing was used. As a result of the experiment, it has been found that the most effective method of extracting the ions of heavy metals and ensuring the accuracy of the analysis is sample preparation using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The concentrations of the metals under analysis are calculated on the dry basis (mg/kg). The concentrations found for bioelements that are contained in enzymes in living organisms (zinc, copper, and toxic elements – lead and cadmium), are within the range of 51.3–72.9; 3.0–10.3; 0.2–1.32, and 0.06–0.33 mg/kg, respectively. Thus, by arranging the samples of the mushrooms under study in ascending order by the specified total content of heavy metals, we obtain the following series: ceps – butter mushrooms – chanterelles – saffron milk caps – champignons. Besides, the relative error of analysis has been calculated, and the replicability of the selected research method has been estimated. Thus, the method of stripping voltammetry can be applied in quantitative determination of heavy metals in mushroom samples.
Źródła finansowania rozwoju przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Piszczek Marzena
Published: July 2018

Ensuring funding is among the most important areas of management because it promotes development. It requires efficiency in day-to-day management of available resources, but also the ability to raise external financing at the lowest cost. Significant barriers to financing local government tasks prompt the need for alternative sources of investment financing in the form of loans or the issuing of securities. Changes have a significant impact on the financial situation of local governments, and thus a direct impact on funding opportunities for development. The subject matter of this article is the analysis of sources of financing development by local government. The research covers the years 2012–2016.
You, Me, or Us: Balancing Individuals’ and Societies’ Moral Needs and Desires in Autonomous Systems
Authors: Blass Joseph A.
Published: July 2018

Autonomous systems are increasingly taking actions with moral consequences. While certain universal norms may be built into such systems, other areas should be personalizable to the end user. This essay motivates this problem, explores the ways such systems are already making decisions with moral ramifications, and proposes a path forward.
On Inextensible Flows Developable Surfaces Associated Focal Curve According to Ribbon Frame
Authors: YENEROĞLU Mustafa
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we investigate inextensible flows of
focal curves in Euclidean 3-space associated to developable surfaces to ribbon frame. We
present some new generalizations for torsion and curvature of focal curves in associated to developable surfaces. Finally, in case of
having a flow of developable surface is inextensible we prove that this
surface is not minimal.
An Analysis of the Regulatory Environment Governing Hearsay Electronic Evidence in South Africa: Suggestions for Reform – Part Two
Authors: Swales Lee
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this two-part article is to examine the regulatory environment governing hearsay electronic evidence in South Africa with a view to suggesting law reform in the light of the most recent proposals put forward by the South African Law Reform Commission.

Part one considered the definition of data messages in the context of hearsay electronic evidence and concluded that amendment is required (as suggested by the South African Law Reform Commission). Further, part one sought to answer two additional queries posed in Discussion Paper 131 Review of the Law of Evidence in relation to electronic hearsay, ultimately finding that a data message can constitute hearsay within the meaning of the applicable legislation; further, that South African law must distinguish between data messages produced substantially by a computer or mechanical process and those that rely substantially on the credibility of a person.

Part two of this article will review the statutory exceptions to the hearsay rules applicable to electronic evidence, including the controversial section 15(4) of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002. Further, part two will analyse the situation in selected foreign jurisdictions where hearsay electronic evidence has had more time to mature and develop (United Kingdom, Canada and United States) with a view to incorporating suggestions that South Africa can implement.

Finally, this article will conclude by providing suggestions for law reform in the context of the recommendations put forward by the South African Law Reform Commission, and will suggest that that there must be law reform in at least the following areas: the definition of data messages; the definition of the term document in the statutes applicable to the hearsay exceptions; a distinction between types of electronic evidence insofar as computer-generated evidence with human intervention, and without human intervention is concerned; and more cohesion and alignment with the statutory hearsay exceptions.
Estudio técnico del uso de energía solar y biogás en vehículos eléctricos en Ilhabela-Brasil
Authors: Pereira Micena Raul , Llerena P. Omar R. , De Queiróz Lamas Wendell , Silveira José Luz
Published: July 2018

Actualmente, los sistemas híbridos de generación de energía se han mostrado como una excelente oportunidad para la generación de electricidad. En este trabajo se presenta el estudio de uno de estos sistemas considerando dos fuentes de energía disponibles (solar -- biogás) en la isla Ilhabela en el estado de San Pablo -- Brasil, con miras a dotar de energía a vehículos eléctricos. Este estudio se basa primeramente en el cálculo de la demanda de energía de los vehículos eléctricos en esta isla. Luego se determina la capacidad de producción de biogás en Ilhabela. Posteriormente se efectúa un análisis energético de la planta con una microturbina a biogás para conocer la energía producida y la demanda de biogás. Como último paso, se calcula la cantidad de energía necesaria a ser generada con la planta fotovoltaica. Los resultados muestran que, considerando un índice de inserción de mercado del 4 de los vehículos eléctricos, la demanda energética media es de 46 327 kWh/mes. Por otro lado, la capacidad de producción de biogás en la isla es dos veces mayor a la necesaria para generar 16 200 kWh/mes. Finalmente, la planta fotovoltaica producirá 30 127 kWh/mes.
Sistema de acceso usando una tarjeta RFiD y verificación de rostro
Authors: Vega Luna José Ignacio , Sánchez-Rangel Francisco Javier , Salgado-Guzmán Gerardo , Lagos-Acosta Mario Alberto
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un prototipo de sistema de acceso a un centro de datos usando como identificación una tarjeta de radio frecuencia o RFiD y verificación del rostro del usuario. El sistema se compone de tres módulos de entrada y un módulo central. El objetivo fue diseñar un sistema para transmitir, desde cada módulo de entrada al módulo central, el identificador único universal de la tarjeta RFiD o UUID y la imagen del rostro del usuario para consultar en una base de datos MySQL y en un directorio de fotografías si el usuario puede acceder al área correspondiente del módulo de entrada. Cada módulo de entrada consta de una tarjeta Raspberry Pi 3 B+, un lector de tarjetas RFiD, una cámara de video y una pantalla de cristal líquido o LCD. El módulo central se compone de los mismos elementos que los módulos de entrada y cuenta con una pantalla táctil usada en la interfaz de usuario en lugar de una pantalla LCD. La comunicación entre los nodos es wifi, logrando una precisión del 99,2 % en la verificación del rostro y un tiempo de respuesta de 180 ms usando 310 fotografías entrenadas.
COLLECTIVE IDENTITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: THIN AND THICK IDENTITIES IN MOVEON.ORG AND THE TEA PARTY MOVEMENT*
Authors: Rohlinger Deana A. , Bunnage Leslie A.
Published: July 2018

We argue that social scientists need to adopt a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between Internet Communication Technologies (ICTs) and collective identity. Here, we identify four factors that interact and make collective identity “thick” or “thin”— an organization's structure of communication, the breadth of its mobilization efforts, its goals (which may or may not include collective identity), and supporters' interest in cultivating a political community. Drawing on interviews with and participant observation data on supporters in MoveOn.org and the Florida Tea Party Movement (FTPM), we find that MoveOn, which focuses on curating donors, cultivates a thin collective identity and the FTPM, which initially focused on mobilizing citizens across political lines, nurtures a thick collective identity. In our analysis, we illustrate how the four factors interact and outline the consequences of collective identity over time. We conclude the paper with a call for additional research on collective identity.
Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract from Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir. shoots in the model of acute hepatitis induced by acetaminophen in rats
Authors: Kakorin P.A. , Babenkova I.V. , Teselkin Y.O. , Ramenskaya G.V. , Demura T.A. , Kukes V.G.
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study was to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of an aqueous extract of Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir. Acute experimental hepatitis was induced by acetaminophen administration of 1000 mg/kg. Studies were conducted in white Wistar rats. The aqueous extract of C. jubata demonstrated the hepatoprotective effect, comparable to that of the reference preparation “Carcil”. This was manifested by the normalization of biochemical blood parameters (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, total bilirubin) and antioxidant activity of liver homogenates, determined by the method based on oxidation of luminol induced by 2,2¢-azo-bis-2-amidinopropane. Normalization of morphofunctional indices was also shown in a histological study of liver of rats that received aqueous extract from C. jubata.
The challenge of marking relative clauses in Turkish Sign Language
Authors: KUBUS Okan , NUHBALAOGLU Derya
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to show to what degree relativization
strategies in Turkish Sign Language (TİD) are influenced by discourse functions
of relative clauses, extending Kubus’ study (Kubus,
2016). In his
study, Kubus describes various relativization strategies (i.e. internally
headed, externally headed and free relatives) and identifies non-manual (i.e.
squint, brow raise or slight-headshake) and occasionally additional manual
relativizers (i.e. clause initial/final index (ix),
ayni ‘same’ or different
combinations of them). We outline possible reasons for the presence of these
competing relative markers and discuss whether the above-mentioned non-manuals
should be analyzed as prosodic/pragmatic or syntactic markers. We suggest that
the nature of relative clauses in TİD can best be understood at the level of
discourse.
The Scientific Comparison between Web-Based Site and Web-Builder (Open Source) Project: Functionalities, Usability, Design and Security
Authors: Aladdin Aso Mohammed , M. Rahman Chnoor , Abdulkarim Mzhda S.
Published: July 2018

In developing web sites there are some rules that developers should depend on in order to create a site suitable to the users’ needs and also to make them as comfort as possible when they surf it. Before creating any website or operating any application, it is important for developers to address the functionality, design, usability and security of the work according to the demands.  Every developer has his/her own way to develop a website, some prefer to use website builders and while others prefer to what they have primarily formed in their mind

What they have primarily formed in their mind preferred software and programming languages. Therefore, this paper will compare the web based sites and open source projects in terms of functionality, usability, design and security in order to help academic staffs or business organization for choosing the best way for developing an academic or e-commerce web site.