bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platelet Distribution Width and Preeclampsia: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Elkareem Abass Awad-
Published: August 2022

Many research findings have determined the platelet distribution width (PDW) in preeclampsia; no published meta-analysis existed. The aim of this review is to evaluate the reported PDW differences in preeclamptic women compared to healthy pregnant women. A Scopus, Pubmed-NCBI, ScienceDirect-open access and Google scholar Database were searched for a period of Jan 2010 to Apr 2020. OpenMeta Analyst software was used to compute the pooled Meta-logistic regression. A 13 study were included; with a total of 1143 preeclampsia and 1725 normal pregnant women control. The mean (SD) of the PDW level was significantly higher in preeclampsia compared to controls [14.52 (2.61) % vs. 13.0 (2.55) %, P < 0.001]. Seven studies compared the PDW level in the mild with severe preeclampsia. It was significantly higher in severe compared to mild preeclampsia [16.38(2.45) % vs. 14.55 (2.57) %, P < 0.001]. Finding of this meta-analysis suggests that PDW represents a promising biomarker for the detection of patients with preeclampsia.
Endotracheal Reintubation in Post-Operative Cardiac Surgical Patient other than Surgical Bleeding
Authors: Raza Shahana , Anwar Kashif , Noreen Neelam , Shafiq Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Introduction: In recent decades, interventional procedures in cardiac surgery have developed as widely used techniques of treating valvular dysfunctions and coronary artery diseases. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the endotracheal reintubation in post-operative cardiac surgical patient other than surgical bleeding. Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Peshawar institute of cardiology during 2018 to 2019. The data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. The data was collected from those patients who were underwent cardiac bypass surgery in hospital. All demographical data related to age, gender and history of diseases was collected. Results: The data was collected from 122 patients, from these 22 patients were not extubated and none of them survived. The most common indication for surgery was myocardial revascularization (30.6%), followed by valve replacement (22.7%) and thoracic aortic aneurysm repair. Conclusion: It is concluded that reintubation after cardiac surgery is a marker for morbid postoperative period. The reintubation rate in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in our hospital was high.
Pregnancy Outcome in First Trimester Bleed
Authors: Ayub Munazza , Begum Sumera , Zamin Yad , Khan Sajjad , Munir Maryam , . Abeer
Published: August 2022

Background: Bleeding is common during pregnancy and it is quite normal during first trimester. As the first bleed indicates, implantation of fertilized egg in the lining of uterus. It is common complication of almost 16-25% of pregnancies. 20% of the women experience light or spotted bleeding. Half of these pregnancies survive while the rest lead towards miscarriage. The first trimester bleed can be because of different pathological conditions mainly: miscarriage, cervical bleeding, infection and ectopic pregnancy. Methodology: Women with bleeding or pain or both in pregnancy, without any conclusive analysis from December 2020 to December 2021 were presented to Gynecology ward, of DHQ Hospital, Timergara and Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Evaluation was done with history and physical examination counting ultrasonography, pelvic examination, an HCG level and cervical cultures. 60 gravid females with less than 20 weeks of gestational age that presented with substantial per vaginal bleeding were recruited into the study population. Patients were properly counseled and each patient was given informed oral consent before being recruited for the research. Information about these prenatal, obstetric, and puerperal patients was recorded in an organized obstetric data sheet. SPSS version 16.0 was used for analysis of data. The chi-square test was used to evaluate relationships among groups. Results: The mothers mean age in the study and group of control was 24.7 ± 3.2 years and 23.93 ± 3.3 years, correspondingly (P> 0.05). The study group has mean parity of 1.9 ± 1.3 and in the control group 2.1 ± 1.4 (P> 0.05). At the time of presentation; mean gestational age for bleeding in the study group was 12.3 ± 1.68 weeks and for control group, it was 12.4 ± 1.39 weeks (P> 0.05). The comparison in both groups was accomplished but no significant differences in relations of birth history, gestational age and age was noted. Conclusion: The study found that recurrent episodes of bleeding per vaginal in late gestation and bleeding per vaginal in early gestation were related with premature delivery, low birth weight and miscarriage. Keywords: Apgar scores, Abruptio placentae, placenta praevia, low birth weight.
Role of MRI in Detecting Abnormal Placentation in Patients with Strong Ultrasound Concern for Myometrial Invasion
Authors: Afridi Sara Qadir , Orakzai Zubair Janan , Yasmeen Saadia , Rafique Hajra , Kamran Ayesha , Rehman Hafeez Ur
Published: August 2022

Abnormal placentation has raised the ratio of cesarean cases. In such obstetric complication the placenta lie at the lower segment of the uterus. These abnormal attachments of placenta to uterus and invasion to adjacent organs are the main cause of placenta previa. These are not only raising delivery challenges but also raising the mortality cases. Objective: For evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of MRI to locate placentation abnormalities with high accuracy and sensitivity. This not only helps in preoperative delivery planning but also decreases the ratio of mortality. Study Setting: It was an observational study, conducted at radiology department of Mardan Medical Complex Mardan for the duration of six months from September 2021 to February 2022. Methods: The women suspicion of placentation abnormalities were recommended with MRI. The consecutive 185 pregnant women were included in the study. The results obtained from MRI were compared with the results obtained by C-section. Cesarean section results were considered as standard. The treatment strategy was decided in accordance with the MRI findings. The treatment strategies which opt during the CS were compared with the strategy created on the basis of MRI. Results: 115 women were diagnosed with abnormal placentation. The 70 women out of 185 were diagnosed with placenta previa. The percentage false results were seen in 18 patients. The false negative results of MRI were seen in three patients. After comparison between the findings of MRI and CS the sensitivity, positive predictive values and other parameters were calculated. The sensitivity was 97%, while the positive predictive value was 84%. The other parameters such as specificity were 79% and negative predictive value was 95%. The sensitivity, accuracy, and positive predictive values of the planning strategy created for treatment on the basis of MRI findings were calculated. There was significant correlation between the findings of MRI and CS. Conclusion: For the future planning of treatment strategy for the women suspected of abnormal placentation, MRI is highly suggested diagnostic tool with better efficacy and sensitivity. This imaging modality helps in proper and accurate diagnosis of abnormal placentation. Keywords: Abnormal placentation, obstetric complications, treatment strategy, placenta previa.
Assessment of Serum Levels of Oxidative Stress Markers and Heat Shock Proteins in Myocardial Infraction Patients
Authors: Anwar Sidra , Rehman Awais Ur , Hussain Asma , Abid Abdul Rahman , Saeed Sobia , , Ramzan Hafiza Sobia
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Heat stress proteins also known as shock proteins are the molecular chaperones due to various stimuli response to heat and ischemic injury to the cells. They are important in folding and degradation of other proteins involved in genesis of cardiovascular pathologies. Objectives: The main aim is to upgrade the role of oxidative markers and these stress proteins not only in development but also in evolution related to heart disease. Material and methods: Subjects were selected as diagnosed myocardial infarction in Faisalabad institute of cardiology, Faisalabad Division, Punjab. All subjects were further categorized as risk group and non-risk group on the basis of their risk factors history using ACC/AHC 2017 guided criteria for detection of myocardial infarction included chest pain, ECG finding and cardiac enzymes. Results: Data clearly depicts the demographical and hematological profile i-e complete blood picture of patients with diagnosed myocardial infraction and control subject. Hemoglobin as a highly advanced allosteric protein present in the form of HbA with two α and two β chains while globin chains are synthesized in erythrocytes cytosol. Conclusion: Despite of increasing evidence from the recent data, it is recommended that functions of these heat shock proteins related to guard cells against programmed apoptosis from stressful aspects e.g. infection, mechanical stress, oxidized low density lipoprotein and oxidants are also known as stress proteins. Keywords: Stress Proteins, Atherosclerosis, Apoptosis, Myocardial Infarction, Oxidative Markers
Association between Iron Deficiency Anemia with Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Bashir Farah , Qamar Hefsa , Sardana Sahil , Raza Syed Ali , Bai Meena , Memon Fayaz Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research is to examine the link between helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: Poonch Medical College Rawalakot and Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, North Nazim Abad, Karachi, during from July, 2021 to Dec, 2021. Methods: Eighty-six patients aged 18-55 were presented. All patients gave written informed permission that included age, sex, BMI, education, and citizenship. All study participants had helicobacter pylori. Participants' blood samples were tested for serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity. A urea breath test, stool antigen testing, a fast urease test, or histopathology was used to detect H. pylori. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Results: Majority of the patients 43 (50%) were aged between 31-40, followed by 25 (29.1%) patients of age 18-30 years and 18 (20.9%) were aged 41-55 years. Among 86 cases, 55 (63.9%) had body mass index <25kg/m2 and 31 (36.1%) had body mass index >25kg/m2. Frequency of males was higher 50 (58.1%) as compared to females 36 (41.9%). Stomach pain, nausea, loss of appetite, frequent burping and bloating was the most common symptoms among all cases. The frequency of IDA was found in 38 (44.2%) in which majority of the patients were aged between 35-5 years and females were higher in number among them. Conclusion: In this study, we found that the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was considerably greater among patients with helicobacter pylori infection, and that the majority of adult patients were females. Keywords: Symptoms, Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), Adult Patients, H.pylori infection, Association
Associations of First Void Urine Samples with Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Jaffri Shabnum , Momana Shahzad Bashir , Imran Sajida , Alorini Mohammed , Shabir Nosheena , Albajuri Muhammad Ahmad
Published: August 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether BV can be diagnosed from first-void urine (FVU). Study Design: Cross-sectional/case control study Place and Duration: Conducted at Hameed Latif Hospital Lahore, during from Sep, 2021 to Feb, 2022. Methods: There were 100 women had ages 20-65 years was presented in this study. Once informed written consent was obtained, participants' detailed demographic information was recorded. First void urine was collected from all women. According to Nugent's criteria, BV was indeed diagnosed. All of the qPCRs performed on the FVU and vaginal swabs for the selected vaginal bacteria (Atopobium vaginae, Prevotella spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 2, Eggerthella-like bacterium, "Leptotrichia amnionii," Megasphaera type 1) had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of >85%, All data was examined using SPSS 24.0. Results: In current study, mean age of the women was 28.11±15.68 years and had mean BMI 24.9±7.49 kg/m2. Majority of the females were nulliparous 67 (67%). Most of the females had no genital hair remove among 60 (60%). Among 100 females, 49 (49%) females had bacterial vaginosis, 40 (40%) had normal vaginal flora and 11 (11%) had intermediate flora. Nugent scoring was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of seven assays for BV-associated bacteria in urine (A. vaginae, Prevotella spp., G. vaginalis, BVAB 2, Eggerthella-like bacterium, L. amnionii, and Megasphaera type 1). By qualitative detection, the assays were 80%-100% sensitive but only 8%-80% specific (presence or absence). The area under the curve (AUC) was > or = 91% for all seven bacterial species, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: Our research of ROC curves led us to the conclusion that FVU can be used to accurately diagnose BV. Combining qPCR findings for two bacteria, like Megasphaera type 1 and Prevotella spp., can improve sensitivity or specificity, respectively. Keywords: First Void Urine, BV, PCR, Nugnet scoring. 7-Assays
Evaluation of the Analgesic Efficacy of two Doses of Oral Ibuprofen in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department Complaining of Severe Pain
Authors: Habib Muhammad Saqib , Khalil Saqib , Azeem Abdul , Ahmed Sameer , Ali Amanat , Memon Fayaz Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the relative effectiveness of two different oral dosages of ibuprofen in relieving pain in patients presenting to the emergency department complaining of sudden, severe discomfort. Study Design: Randomized, Double-blind trial Place and Duration: Islamic International Medical College and Trust Islamabad, during from January 2021 to June 2021. Methods: Total 180 patients of both genders with ages 20-75 years had acute pain were presented. After obtaining participants' informed consent, demographic data such as age, sex, BMI, and residence were collected from those who participated. Causes of pain among all cases were also recorded. Single doze 400mg was given to 90 patients in group I and doze of 800mg was given to group II. Visual analogue scale was used for measurement of pain score among both groups. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: There were majority males 112 (62.2%) and 68 (37.8%) females in this study. Among 180 patients, 80 (44.4%) had age 21-30 years, 60 (33.3%) had age 31-40 years and 50 (27.8%) had age >40 years. Majority was from urban areas 105 (58.3%). Most common cause of acute pain was fallen, RTA, sports and knife abuse among all cases. We found no any significant difference in pain score at 2, 4 and 6 hours among both groups and both doses were effective among all cases in reduction of pain with p value <0.005. Post-treatment side effects were dizziness, nausea and diarrhea among both groups but there was also no any significant difference observed. Conclusion: We concluded in this study the oral ibuprofen (400mg, 800mg) was an effective and useful in reduction of pain score among patients admitted to ED because of injury. No any significant difference was observed between efficacy and as well as in side effects. Keywords: Acute Pain, ED, VAS, Ibuprofen, Side Effects
Association of Zinc Concentration in Seminal Plasma and Blood with Several Parameters of Semen in Infertile Males
Authors: Saeedullah Anum , Shah Summeira Jabeen , Hakim Hina , Farid Asma , , Khan Sikandar Ali , Bangash Sudhair Abbas , Naeem Nabiha , Malhi Umar Amin
Published: August 2022

Objective: To evaluate the concentration of zinc inthe blood and seminal plasma with semen parameters between fertile and infertile males Methodology: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Hayatabad medical complex, Peshawar. Fifty (50)infertile males, not receiving any treatment and had regularintercourse for 1 yearaged 25-45 years were selected from HMC. They were divided into 35oligospermia and 15 azoospermic. 35 fertile males were nominatedamongthe overallresidents and were taken as the control group after their semen analysis was taken as normozoospermic. According to WHO criteria semen is analyzed. With the help of 5br Serum and seminal plasma zinc were estimated. Result: There was a significant difference found in serum and seminal levels of zinc in normozoospermic, oligospermia (p less than 0.05), and azoospermic (p-value less than 0.05) individuals. The correlation of seminal plasma zinc with sperm counts showed a positive association with the count of sperm and a negative association with motility of sperm in normozoospermic/oligospermia and a negative association of concentration with pH, and volume, WBC in all groups. No association was found with the morphology of sperm. Conclusion: It has been concluded that zinc interfered with fertility by having a considerable impact on many semen parameters. It suggests that measuring seminal plasma zinc could be useful for diagnosing and treating male infertility.
A Tertiary Care Hospital's Observations on the Prevalence and Antibiotic Sensitivity of the Most Common Organisms Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Authors: Ahmad Miraj , Falah Shaikh Fahad , Khurshid Aina , Khan Sehrish , Shamshad Muhammad Faraz , . Shahidullah , Bangash Sudhair Abbas , Khalid Aqsa , Fareed Muhammad Irfan , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of urinary tract infection-causing bacteria and their prevalence among children presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional/ Descriptive study Place and Duration: This study was carried out at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from June, 2021 to May 2022. Methods: Total 112 suspected cases (children) of UTI with ages 6-months to 14 years were presented. After receiving parental agreement, we documented the children's age, gender, residence, and parental education level.It was decided to perform a urine dipstick test to check for nitrites and leucocytes, and then analyze the leucocytes and bacteria under the microscope. Antimicrobial resistance was tested using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique with a panel of antimicrobials.SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among 112 included cases, 58 (51.8%) were males and the rest were 54 (48.2%) female children. Frequency of leucocytes and nitrites by urine dipstick method was 30 (26.8%) and 12 (10%) but under the microscope, number of leucocytes were 15 (13.4%) and bacteria was 9 (8.03%). There were 65 (58.04%) gram positive and majority were females and 47 (41.96%) were gram negative cases. We found E.coli was the most prevalent microorganism found in 46 (70.8%) cases, 5 (7.7%) Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. was 4 (6.2%). We found that microorganism were highly resistant (100%) to antibiotics ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ampicillin and ofloxacin while ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone showed high sensitivity. Conclusion: We observed that E.coli was the most frequent bacteria in UTI urine samples. Antimicrobial resistance in UTI-causing pathogens is worrying. It's crucial to monitor UTI-causing microbes' antibiotic susceptibility trends. Keywords:UTI, E.coli, Klebsiella spp., Resistance, Sensitivity
Correlation Between Increasing DNA Copy Numbers That Encode Cortisol Biosynthesis Enzymes and Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Al-Nafoly Duaa Mohammed , Alshamaa Sarab D. , Alameen Afraa Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Background: The dysfunction in the genes that regulate cortisol production may lead to an increase or overproduction of the hormone and thus affect the functioning of the heart, which may lead to Myocardial infarction. Aim: The aim of our study was to find a correlation between increasing the DNA copy numbers that encode cortisol biosynthesis enzymes and Myocardial infarction disease. Methods: Between the first of January 2021 and the first of July 2021, 120 blood samples from the patients with the acute myocardial infarction (AMI)—60 samples as controls and 60 patients—of both sexes who were admitted to the Unit of the Cardiac Surgery at AL- Salam General Teaching Hospital, the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, and outpatient health centers in Mousul, Nineveh province/Iraq, were taken. The CYP11A, CYP17A, and CYP11B1 genes implicated in cortisol biosynthesis were found in this work using qRT-PCR. Results: The results of this investigation showed a considerable difference between the age groups of AMI patients and healthy control group in means of amplicon copy counts of CYP11A, CYP17A, and CYP11B1 coding genes. The gene coding for the cytochrome CYP17A enzyme was shown to have a significantly higher number of amplicons in all age groups of the patients, but particularly in the second group (46–56 years) in comparison to healthy control group Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated for the first time that there were significant correlation between three steroid hormone biosynthesis genes and Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) disease by utilizing RT-PCR Technique which revealed a significant increase in the amplicon copy numbers of CYP17 ,CYP11A ,CYP11B genes in all patient's age groups compared with healthy control group. Keywords: AMI patients, Cortisol biosynthesis, CYP17A , CYP11A and CYP11B1 genes.
Biotechnology as an Advanced Science
Authors: Al-Mozan Hanaa Daaj Khalaf , Hillo Nassir Abdullah , Aziz Hussam Saadi
Published: August 2022

Using of biotechnology has increased in recent times, in turn, the excessive use of molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, embryology, genetics, and microbiology to carry out this technique has also increased, as the sciences on which biotechnology is based. There is no doubt that the application of these sciences must leave fears or negative effects on living organisms and the environment. It should be noted that when the use of modern technologies increased, the emergence of incurable diseases such as cancer and congenital malformations has increased, which calls for caution in using this technology and not using it except in cases of extreme necessity. Keywords: Biotechnology, Gene therapy, Genetically modified food, Medicine
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Azo Ligand Derivative from 4,5-BIS(4-Methoxyphenyl) Imidazol and its Metal Complexes and Biological Activity Study of its PD(II) Complex
Authors: Ali Fatema Jabbar , Radhi Esraa Rasool , Ali Khdeeja Jabbar
Published: August 2022

In the current work, the azo ligand and its Pd (Ⅱ), Cd (Ⅱ), Zn (Ⅱ) and Hg (Ⅱ) complexes were synthesized, characterized and their spectroscopic characteristics were studied. The new ligand was synthesized from the coupling reaction between 4,5-bis(4-methoxy phenyl)imidazole and the diazonium salt of 4-Amino benzoic acid in an alkaline medium at 0-5 ᵒC. the new azo metal complexes were prepared by the reaction between the ligand and metals chlorides. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectral analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometric, molar conductivity, and magnetic sensitivity. The biological activity of the azo ligand and its Pd (Ⅱ) complex was also studied. keywords: Azo compound, 4,5-di (4-methoxy phenyl) imidazole, azo metal complexes
Diagnostic Accuracy of First Trimester Hyperuricemia for Prediction of Subsequent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rehman Aiza , Rehman Sardar Umer , Sarwar Rabia , Ayub Muhammad , Masood Ayesha
Published: August 2022

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which pregnant females develop. GDM causes significant and often potentially maternal and fetal complications. Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Recent literature suggests a bidirectional causal relationship between hyperuricemia and insulin resistance. So we conducted this study. Objective: To find diagnostic accuracy of first trimester hyperuricemia for prediction of subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus confirmed on oral glucose tolerance test. Methods: This was a Cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology CMH Lahore during time duration 25-4-2017 to 24-10-2017. All females met inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Blood samples in first trimester were collected for analysis of serum uric acid. Then after 26-28 weeks of gestation, OGTT was done and presence of GDM was recorded. All the data was collected on proforma. SPSS version 22 was used for data entry and analysis. A 2 x 2 table was generated find the diagnostic accuracy of hyperuricemia taking OGTT as gold standard. Results: The mean age of females was 26.70±5.21years. The mean height, weight and BMI of females were 1.62±0.07m, 61.07±8.54kg and 23.32±3.72kg/m2. The mean gestational age of females was 9.96±.37weeks at time of enrolment in the study. The mean uric acid level at time of presentation was 4.43±3.61mg/dl. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of hyperuricemia for prediction of GDM were 91.1% and 95.7%. The PPV and NPV of hyperuricemia were 86.8% and 97.2%. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 94.5%. Conclusion: Thus the accuracy of hyperuricemia was high and it is now accepted as reliable marker for prediction of GDM in later pregnancy. Keywords: Diagnostic accuracy, first trimester, hyperuricemia, gestational diabetes mellitus, oral glucose tolerance test, uric acid
Anxiety of Caregivers in Telerehabilitation Sessions During Covid 19
Authors: Mohammad Aysha Saghir , Yaqoob Saba , Rehman Atia Ur , Khan Muhammad Azzam , Malik Jamshaid Haider , Bari Sehrish , Yousaf Ruhamah , Ahmed Muhammad , Chugtai Arslan Saleem
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Pandemics affect people in a defeatist manner and become stressful for people with relatives which need specific forms of care and attention. The study was conducted to find out if anxiety prevails among caretakers during the Covid-19 Pandemic as according to the literature review caregivers experience burden and fears related to their care-recipients and telerehabilitation. Material and Methods: The study used cross sectional survey and quantitative research.50 care-givers participated in the research where they filled online questionnaires inspired and derived from care-giver burden scale and beck anxiety inventory. Anxiety was clearly evident as most of the care-givers agreed to have feelings of nervousness 19 (38%), feeling anxious 18 (36%), feeling distressed 22 (44%), complaints about emotional burden 23 (43%) and 23 (46%) constant immersion in duties towards care-recipients. Results: SPSS tables depict the analyzed results and their interpretation. The results show 36%of the care-givers agreed that they face anxiety when a situation gets out of control, 44% were distressed about not getting enough help from healthcare team and other family and friends, 55% are apprehensive about their present condition and 46% are emotionally challenged and constantly immersed in duties owing to their family members. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression as a result of caregiving burden is common among care-givers and needs to be addressed as soon as possible. This makes it essential that health professionals pay heed and attention to develop interventions for care-givers and provide them with pertinent knowledge. Keywords: anxiety, care burden, caregiver, covid 19, pandemic, telerehabilitation
Assessment of Quality of Life in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Using who QOL Bref
Authors: Ahmed Adeel , Muneeb Muhammad , Niazi Attaullah Khan , Umer Kanza Sana , Chatha Zanib Javed , Rasheed Sana
Published: August 2022

Study Objective: The objective of my study is assess the quality of life in coronary artery disease patients using WHO QoL BREF and to identify the different variables and factors which are affecting the quality of life in CAD patients in our population in general and the economic progress of the country in particular. Material & Methods: The study design will be cross-sectional and purposive sampling technique will be used. The study population will be the patients presenting in cardiology OPD of Shalamar hospital & Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore. Inclusion criteria will be the patients of both sexes above 30 years and exclusion criteria will be the patients with ailments other than coronary artery diseases. Results: A total of 611 CAD patients includes in for the research. 305 from Public & 306 from private hospital. Mean age was 56 years out of which 377 (61.7%) were male patients and 234 (38.3%) were females. Out of 611 patients that were included in the study 19 (3.1%) rated their quality of life very poor; 265 (43.4%) poor; 200 (32.7%) neither poor nor good & 127 (20.8%) good. Conclusion: The study showed life’s quality and general wellbeing, with the majority of patients having a "poor" life’s quality . The relationship among quality of life and patients' perceptions of health and age was statistically significant.
Comparison of Different Techniques for the Diagnosis of Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection in Females at Reproductive Age
Authors: Nasir Muntaha A. H. , S.R Al-Idreesi , Al-Masoudi Wasfi A.
Published: August 2022

Trichomoniasis is a sexual transmitted disease that affects human fertility, abortion, low birth weight, in women, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of different techniques for diagnosing of trichomoniasis in women. A case control study was carried out 230 women their age from (20-60 years) that divided into two groups (155 as patient groups and 75 as control groups without any symptoms of infection) through the period between November 2020 and July 2021 in Basra Maternity Hospital.The detection rate of T. vaginalis infection was 10 (38.5%), 17 (65.4%), 18 (69.2%), 21 (80.8%) and 25 (96.2%) using wet mount, Giemsa stain, AO, culture and in pouch system, respectively. The infection indicates that the highest frequency of positive samples 10 (13.2 %), 18(14.2%) ,21(15.8%) in young women aged 20-30 years, in rural areas and in women with primary education, respectively. The highest rate of infection with T. vaginalis was detected by in pouch system in this study offers a useful rapid screening tool and provides an excellent alternative for definitive laboratory diagnosis of T. vaginalis, thus reducing spread and transmission of the infection as well as minimizing the complication sequels. Keywords: Trichomonas vaginalis, Acridine orange, Diamond modified culture, in pouch TV.
Effects of Oxytocin on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure During Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Knawal Faryal , Hassan Tahreem , Abbas Muhammad Umar , Fakhr Fakhra , Niazi Attaullah Khan
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Noninvasive blood pressure and heart rate have typically been used to assess maternal haemodynamic changes after Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. To avoid a postpartum haemorrhage in women who have Caesarean Sections, oxytocin is the first-line uterotonic treatment (PPH). Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of oxytocin on hemodynamic parameters like as heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) after caesarean surgery. Material and Methods: This study included 121 pregnant women aged 18 to 36 years old with an ASA grade I physical status and a term pregnancy (37 weeks or more) that underwent an elective caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia. The study design of this research was Cross-sectional. This research lasted six months (January 2021 to June 2021). This study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Operation theatre of Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Hemodynamic parameters were measured non-invasively and compared the results before given the drug (oxytocin) considers as a baseline, then immediately after given the drug, after 1 minute and after 5 minutes of drug given. Results: The effects of oxytocin on hemodynamic parameters in C section patients under spinal anaesthesia were studied by the researcher. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of oxytocin on hemodynamic parameters from baseline to after 5 mints of therapy. A total sample size of 121 women received oxytocin and their blood pressure and heart rate were monitored at after the dose given, after 1 mint and then after 5minutes. The patients included in present study were from mainly two age groups: one age group was 18-26 years and other age group was 27-36 years. The frequency and percentages of different age group as 71 (58.7 %) patients were from age group of 18-26 years and 50 (41.3%) patients were from 27-36 years. The mean HR at baseline, after given the dose, at after 1and 5 minutes was (88.66±8.816), (92.14±9.678), (109.74±18.01) and (95.90±8.646) respectively; however difference was statistically significant. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) at baseline was (112.82±12.08) and changed after given the dose, at 1 and 5 minutes as (112.72±11.17), (101.98±12.98), (111.89±12.55) respectively. Also the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at baseline was 68.04±11.57 and decreased after given the drug andat1minutes to 67.74±12.31 and 58.95±9.291 respectively but returned to 67.26±9.295 at 5 minutes. To summarise, the differences in hemodynamic measures from baseline to 5 minutes after oxytocin delivery were statistically significant (p value; 0.05). Keywords: Spinal anaesthesia, Blood Pressure, Heart rate, Cardiac output, Cesarean section, Oxytocin, Haemodynamics, Uterus, Mean Arterial Pressure.
Frequency and Risk Factors of Anxiety and Depression among Pregnant Women in Abbottabad, Pakistan: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Irum Saadia , Khan Adeel Ahmed , Rabbani Unaib , Lodhi Fahad Saqib , Elsous Aymen
Published: August 2022

Objective: We determined the frequency and risk factors of anxiety and depression in pregnant patients at an Abbottabad tertiary care hospital district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: Using the validated Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 200 pregnant women from April to August 2019 at Ayub Teaching Hospital, a tertiary care hospital (HADS). Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for independent factors related with anxiety and depression were calculated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Around 70% of the pregnant women were classified as anxious, while 57.5% were depressed. About half of the pregnant women had both depression and anxiety. Multivariate regression analysis showed that combined pregnant women were more likely to experience anxiety and despair belonging to Urdu ethnicity, having low level of education, household income of greater than 30 thousand PKR, husband’s higher level of managerial and professional position, and in 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are prevalent throughout pregnancy, according to our research. We suggest that interventions should be designed and implemented through mental health integration at all level of health care by taking into account the associated risk factors can lessen prenatal depression and anxiety among expecting mothers. Keywords: Anxiety, depression, risk factors, pregnant women, Pakistan.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Healthcare Providers about Covid-19 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Irum Saadia , Lodhi Fahad Saqib , Khan Adeel Ahmed , Rabbani Unaib , Laraib Ayesha , Khan Najeeb Ullah
Published: August 2022

Objective: Healthcare providers (HCPs) are at the forefront and are at risk of being exposed to suspected cases of COVID-19. The objective of our study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices of HCPs about COVID-19 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online among HCPs that included physicians, dentists, pharmacists, nurses and technicians in KPK province. The validated questionnaire (Cronbach alpha= 0.61 & 0.69 respectively for knowledge & practice sections) related to COVID-19 including socio-demographics was asked. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Result: Out of 480 HCPs, 83.8% (n=402) were physicians & dentist, while 12.5% (n= 60) were pharmacist, nurses and technicians. We found that 86% of the HCPs had adequate knowledge. Most common reason for being worried about COVID-19 was risk to members of family and friends (98%), followed by dangers of disease itself (93%). Fear of infection and carrying it home was as high as 93% and 97% respectively. Around 75% of the HCPs had adequate score about practices. Conclusion: HCPs in Pakistan has good knowledge and attitude related to COVID-19. However, one-fourth of the HCPs did not report good practices, which is alarming. There is a need to reinforce knowledge and monitor practices of HCPs regarding standard infection control practice. Keywords: COVID-19; Healthcare providers; Knowledge; Attitudes; Practices; Pakistan
Validation of Pedsql™ Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Module (Acute Version 3.0), in Young Children (Age 5-7)
Authors: Ali Anas , Javed Muhammad Asif , Shahzad Hamza , Shahid Abdul Majid , Saqib Shamoos , Malik Ayesha
Published: August 2022

Objective: The goal of this project was to accurately translate the “PedsQLTM 3.0 DMD” Module into Urdu and to assess its validity in health-related quality of life in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)” children age 5 to 7 years reported by their parents. Method: The study was conducted with the parents/caregivers of DMD children in Rising Sun Institute, PSRD, Hope,Gosha e Shifa, Special gems, Ghazali Foundation Rawalpindi and DHQ hospital Jhang. Study was cross cultural validation including 56 primary care givers. First of all questionnaire of primary care giver was translated in Urdu by using forward translation, the second step was reconciliation of items; in this the best Urdu translation was selected. Backward translation was completed in the third phase, and a review was conducted to evaluate the full forward-backward procedure in order to produce a final forward translation. Validity & Reliabity were measured. To determine in the internal consistency Cronbach’s Alpha was used Test-Retest reliability was checked. Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio were measured through 5 experts. To analyze the collected data SPSS 26 was used. Results: The results showed that in both genders from age 5 to 7 years DMD affects the quality of life of child as reported by parents. The value of Cronbach's alpha was 0.913.After factor analysis KMO was 0.793 and because the p value was less than 0.05, the test was significant. Conclusion: Urdu version of “PedsQLTM Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Acute Version 3.0(age 5-7) Parent report for young children” is a stable and consistent instrument for assessing quality of life measures of the DMD children and can be applied in Urdu speaking population throughout the world. Keywords: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, “PedsQL™ 3.0 DMD Module”, Urdu translation, validity, quality of life.
Edible biofilms and coatings; its characterization and advanced industrial applications
Authors: Walait Manam , Mir Huda Rehman , Anees Kinza
Published: August 2022

Edible films and coatings are layers of edible biopolymers (proteins, lipids and polysaccharides) that can be used as an alternate for plastic packaging materials, because plastic packaging is causing environmental pollution and it can deteriorate human health when come in contact with the food product. Along with their environment friendly nature they can carry anti-oxidants, anti-microbials, anti-browning agents, neutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, colorants, flavors and desired additives to the food product which can prolong their shelf life and increase the aesthetic properties of the food product. Edible films are generated separately by solvent casting and extrusion while edible coating is applied on the food product by spraying or dipping. The conjugation of these edible biopolymers with the nanotechnology (nanoencapsulation, nanofibers and nanoliposomes) can initiate a controlled and targeted release of the additives added in the film or coating. In this review article several novel biopolymers for edible films and coatings have been discussed along with their applications in fruits and vegetable, meat and poultry and dairy industry.
Variations in the Piperine content in three varieties of Pepper and mapping its anti-inflammatory potential by molecular docking
Authors: Hussain Julfequar , Sali Veeresh , Vasanthi Hannah
Published: August 2022

Pepper known as the king of spices is one of the most widely used spice in the world, and it has its fair share of medicinal properties as well. It has been used in traditional medicine for many centuries owing to its medicinal properties apart from its flavour and pungent taste. Piperine is the most important bioactive compound present in different Piper species. Differences among the three Piper species common in South India viz. Piper nigrum, Piper longum, and Piper cubeba were evaluated by estimating the various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols in them. Further, the quantity of piperine in these three Piper species were determined using HPLC analysis. The piperine content in Piper nigrum, Piper longum, and Piper cubeba were found to be 235.05 μg/mL, 268.50 μg/mL, and 8.56 μg/mL respectively. Since inflammation is the major pathology involved in most of the disease conditions and since pepper is traditionally used in managing respiratory inflammation, we ventured to identify its anti-inflammatory potential. Herein, the anti-inflammatory properties of piperine were checked by in silico docking analysis of piperine with inflammatory proteins. The interaction of piperine with NF-κB, COX-2, COX-1, and TNF-α, as evidenced by the binding scores reveals that piperine interacts with them and modulates inflammation. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies are warranted to scientifically validate the traditional claims.
Effect of feeding red sorghum supplemented with graded levels of synthetic methionine on carcass characteristics, haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens
Authors: Olusiyi, J. A.  , Ebule, K.  , Adi, Z. A.  , Yusuf, H. B.  , Bako, M. I.  , Omotoso, P. E.
Published: August 2022

A nine (9) weeks feeding trial was conducted on three hundred (300) day old unsexed Anak broiler chicks were raised on deep litter to determine their carcass characteristics, haematology and serum biochemistry when fed five (5) dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) synthetic methionine. Birds were divided into five treatments of 60 birds each and three replicates of 20 birds per replicate. At the end of the 8th weeks, six birds were randomly selected from each treatment, two per replicate. The birds were slaughtered for liveweight and various organs weight were determined. For the carcass, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in all parameters evaluated. Live, plucked and carcass weights plus dressing percentage increased with increased levels of methionine inclusion. So also, haematologial indices were not significantly (P>0.05) difference in all parameters measured. Same also, is the serum biochemical that wss not significantly (P>0.05) difference. Therefore, it can be concluded that red sorghum can be used to replace maize upto 100% in the diets of broilers without detrimental effects on carcass and haematological indices.
Menopoz Semptomlarının Yönetiminde Fitoterapi: Kanıt Temelli Uygulamalar Ne Söylüyor?
Authors: BAKAN DEMİREL Özlem , ÖZ Tuğba , CAN GÜRKAN Özlem
Published: August 2022

Kadın yaşamında önemli bir yere sahip olan menopoz dönemi, kadınların yaşam kalitesini bozarak tedavi olmalarını gerektiren semptomlara neden olmaktadır. Bazı kadınlar, semptomların yönetiminde medikal tedavileri yan etkileri nedeniyle kullanmak istememektedir. Medikal tedavilerden daha güvenilir ve doğal gördükleri için fitoterapi (bitkisel tedaviler) gibi geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tedavi uygulamalarını seçmekte ve son yıllarda bu yöntemlere ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Menopoz semptomlarının yönetiminde fitoterapi kullanımıyla ilgili hemşirelerin bilgi sahibi olmaları ve kadınlara doğru bir şekilde danışmanlık vermeleri sağlık açısından oldukça önemlidir. Derlemede, kadınların menopoz semptomlarının yönetiminde sıklıkla başvurdukları fitoterapi yöntemleriyle ilgili çalışmaların kanıt düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
HPV E CÂNCER DO COLO DO ÚTERO: UM ESTUDO DO ENTENDIMENTO DE MULHERES EM FORMAÇÃO MILITAR NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: Fernandes Paiva Moura Ana Paula , Câmara de Oliveira Hilderline
Published: August 2022

No Brasil, o câncer do colo do útero é o terceiro mais comum entre as mulheres brasileiras, de modo que sua prevenção é uma questão fundamental. Uma forma de preveni-lo é fazer a realização periódica do exame preventivo, que possibilita a descoberta de alterações celulares que podem evoluir do HPV para o câncer. Considerando tal contexto, o presente estudo questiona: qual o nível de conhecimento das mulheres em formação militar a respeito de doenças ginecológicas causadas pelo HPV? Partindo desse questionamento, como escopo geral, buscou-se identificar o nível de conhecimento das mulheres em formação militar acerca de doenças ginecológicas causadas pelo HPV. Para tanto, foram utilizados como recursos metodológicos um levantamento survey, estudo de caso, de abordagem quantitativa. Os achados da pesquisa evidenciaram que a maioria das participantes, 60,2%, são solteiras e 24,5% são casadas; com 14.8% em união estável. Além disso, 96,4% afirmaram já terem ouvido falar de HPV. 93,9% são sexualmente ativas e 91,8% já tiveram o diagnóstico de HPV. Diante desses dados, conclui-se que é necessário elaborar um plano de intervenção voltado à saúde da mulher militar que procure atualizá-las em relação aos conhecimentos sobre HPV, a fim de promover a prevenção, o diagnóstico e o tratamento precoce do câncer do colo de útero.
Clinical and radiological comparison of a dynamic implant valve vs a hydraulic maxillary sinus lift augmentation technique with simultaneous implant insertion
Authors: Baiomy Abdel Aziz Baiomy Abdullah , El-Sayed Amany Khalifa , Gawish Abeer , Elsayed Shadia A.
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to compare between dynamic implant valve (DIVA) and the crestal ballooning techniques in elevating the maxillary sinus membrane (MSM) in conjunction with simultaneous implantation. Patients and methods: 20-patient prospective clinical cohort study. Ages ranged from 42 to 53 years, and had atrophic edentulous maxillae in the posterior region. To determine maxillary sinus status, patients were investigated utilizing intraoral clinical photographs and CBCT series.  Closed Sinus Lifting done and compared between DIVA and ballooning techniques on patients who were randomly separated into two equal groups. The predicted research variables were intraoperative primary stability and level of sinus membrane lift. The main outcome factors were secondary implant Osseointegration stability (ISQ) and the amount of bone height gain. Results: Before surgery, the DIVA and Balloon groups had mean bone heights of 5.8 ± 0.67mm and 6.8 ± 0.86mm , which increased significantly to 12.8± 0.53 and 10.8± 0.67 after 6 months postoperatively. ISQ for DIVA and Balloon groups were 39.0± 2.16 and 40.0±2.16 preoperatively, respectively, and increased to 71.7±1.60 and 70.4±1.27 nine months postoperatively which was significantly higher at 3 months in DIVA group.