bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A detailed research on the structural characteristics of Hoang Sa and Truong Sa archipelagos - East Vietnam Sea based on gravity data analysis
Authors: Dung Nguyen Kim , Thanh Do Duc , Vuong Hoang Van , Cuong Do Huy , Dung Tran Tuan , Dai Nguyen Ba , Duong Tran Tuan
Published: May 2020

The Hoang Sa and Truong Sa archipelagos are the two archipelagos located in the East Vietnam Sea. In the geographic coordinate frame, the Hoang Sa archipelago is located more northward than the Truong Sa. Up to now many publications have discussed in detail structures of these archipelagos in terms of international and domestic scientific journals, the scientific workshop reports, as well as the outcome reports obtained from the research projects of different levels, such as state and ministry level projects. However the block characteristics of the two archipelago regions are still in controversy. By application of the new technique (Curvature Gravity Gradient Tensor - CGGT) for analysis and collection of the related available data, some new information about structural characteristics of the two blocks, such as their spatial distribution, the penetration of their boundaries and fault systems was obtained. According to the results, block characteristic is clearly reflected as a unique structural unit for Hoang Sa archipelago, which occupies a large area restricted mostly by the geographic coordinate frame: 111.2oE–113.2oE and 15.75oN–17.25oN.  Here a large negative Hoang Sa structural block with the density less than 2.67 g/cm3 develops directly on a more negative regional structure. Unlike Hoang Sa block, the Truong Sa archipelago is not presented as a unique block. Its structure is divided into 3 main smaller blocks distributed along different directions. The first north - south structural block consists of a number of islands and sandbars: Dinh Ba, Song Tu Dong island, Song Tu Tay island, Thi Tu island, Ba Binh island, Ca Nham sandbar, Loai Ta island and Son Ca island, Nam Yet island, Truong Sa Lon island, Sinh Ton island, Ba Bau and Binh Nguyen island. The second structural block along the northeast - southwest direction includes the following islands and sandbars: Da Lat, Truong Sa island, Da Tay, Da Dong, Chau Vinh. The remaining Phan Vinh island, Toc Tan sandbar, Nui Le, Ky Van, Tham Hiem sandbar and Kieu Ngua sandbar are distributed in the third structural block. In addition, all the 3 blocks are the negative structures. In terms of geological structural boundaries: The estimated depth of the boundaries (uplifts, subduction zones, or faults,...) on Hoang Sa archipelago only reaches a maximum of 20 km. Meanwhile, that on Truong Sa archipelago is possibly over 20 km.
Potential exploitation reserves of middle - upper Pleistocene aquifer (qp2-3) in Ca Mau province
Authors: Thu Trinh Hoai , Hoang Nguyen Van , Huong Tran Thi Thuy
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the results of evaluating and determining the potential exploitation reserves of groundwater in Ca Mau province. In particular, the study has identified the regional hydrogeological parameters, assessed potential exploitation reserves of groundwater, forecasted water level fluctuations, determined quantities of groundwater supply from the sea and from rainwater according to space and time, and detailedly established input parameters and boundary value for hydrogeological modelling. Calculation results show that the total potential reserves of qp2-3 aquifer is 1,924,111 m3 per day, in which the fresh water is 1,072,145 m3 per day (accounting for 55.7%) and the salt water is 623,067 m3 per day (accounting for 44.3%).
Efficiency of β-glucan utilisation in fish culture
Authors: Hoang Do Huu
Published: May 2020

In the last three decades aquaculture is a rapidly developing sector worldwide and antibiotics are used popularly as growth promoter. Antibiotic use was banned because research proved that antibiotic has caused many effects on environment and human health. Therefore, finding antibiotic alternatives is the first priority. The most prospect products today are probiotic and prebiotic. β-glucan is one of the immunostimulants which showed a variety of benefits to the health of many aquaculture species. In this paper only the results of β-glucan, a kind of prebiotic supplied in aquaculture, were summarized. The major benefit of β-glucan are to boost growth, to reduce mortality, to enhance tolerance or stress resistance to environmental or pathogen challenges. Although the applications of β-glucan are popular worldwide, its use in aquaculture in Vietnam is still limited. This paper provides an important reference for β-glucan utilisation which may help to develop a sustainable aquaculture in Vietnam.
Effect of enriching live feeds with HUFA on growth and survival of clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris (Cuvier, 1830) larvae
Authors: Lam Ho Son , Hue Nguyen Thi Nguyet , An Dinh Truong , Khanh Phan Thi
Published: May 2020

The aims of this study was to evaluate the effect of HUFA-enriched live feed in rearing Nemo fish larvae (Amphiprion ocellaris), 5 treatments were set up (each treatment was repeated in triplicate) with 5 concentrations of HUFA (Super Selco) (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm). After 45 days of culture with HUFA-enriched live feeds of different concentrations, the total length-TL as well as the specific growth rate (SGRL) in body length and survival rate of Nemo fish larvae in the treatments had significant differences (p < 0.05). In the enriched live prey diet of 100 ppm Selco, TL, SGRL and the survival rate of Nemo fish larvae were the highest (10.01 ± 0.150 mm, 7.20 ± 0.099%/day and 82.67 ± 0.881%, respectively). Lowest TL, SGRL and survival rate were obtained in larvae fed with the control diet (8.65 ± 0.051 mm, 6.23 ± 0.041%/day and 68.70 ± 0.881%, respectively). The results of this experiment suggest that the optimal Selco concentration used to enrich live feeds for Nemo fish larvae is 100 ppm, which can improve the production efficiency of Nemo stock.
Past, Present and Future of the Soviet University: Jubilee Histories of Higher Education Institutions in the 1930s – 1980s
Authors: Ilin Andrei
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Jubilee histories of the Soviet and Russian universities (higher education institutions) draw scholars’ attention as tools for the construction of traditions and search for a usable past. Historians scrutinize primary the past of universities as it is depicted in historical texts, but as a rule, these texts also treat the present and future of educational institutions. Exploring narratives that put all three times together, the article examines jubilee texts in their integrity.

Methods and sources. The study is based on both published and unpublished narrative sources on histories of universities that usually are somehow connected with jubilees. Special attention is paid to discursive features of the texts under study. The author employs the method of discourse-analysis, as well as the method of contextualization of the examined written sources within political and social developments of the Soviet era.

Analysis. The 1930s saw a gradual development of the jubilee history genre. While a lot of norms and regulations had not been implemented yet, there were distinctly visible anachronisms and factual errors. The exact place of the revolution and other landmark events had not been determined yet. The new genre gained momentum during and after the thaw period. The history of the universities of that time showed greater attention to historical detail and accuracy. At the same time, a certain model of linear history became well established; past, present, and future were clearly ordered and delineated.

Results. Typical jubilee texts of the 1930s – 1980s had quite a stable structure, albeit they could vary in content. They were efficient and flexible enough for ongoing ideological campaigns. More importantly, these qualities widened the opportunities for the articulation of various visions of the university that didn’t necessarily fully chime with the official ideology although they didn’t explicitly confront it either.
Corruption Control in the Developed World
Authors: Mascio Fabrizio Di , Piattoni Simona
Published: May 2020

Conventionally considered a developmental trait that would tend to disappear with the increase of wealth and the stabilization of democracy, corruption is rampant not just among developing countries and recent democracies, but also in mature democracies and developed countries. This editorial introduces the thematic issue and considers what the contributions tell us about new approaches to corruption control in the developed world. It also outlines avenues for future research in the field of corruption control.
The Effect of Different Type Drying Methods on Chemical Characteristics and Microbiology of Goat Milk Powder Kefir
Authors: Nurwantoro Nurwantoro , Susanti Siti , Rizqiati Heni
Published: May 2020

The research aims to test and compare the chemical characteristics and total Lactic Acid Bacteria or LAB of goat milk powder kefir that was produced from cabinet drying, freeze drying and spray drying. Kefir was made from goat milk since it was found as a good digestibility, no β-lactoglobulin, and high protein. Data analysis was performed with the test analysis of variance with a significance level of 5% followed by Duncan testing if significant result was detected. Analysis of total acid was conducted using titration. Analysis of proteins was conducted using Kjeldahl method. Water content analysis was performed using oven and ash content was analyzed using furnace. Analysis of fat content was conducted using Soxhlet method. Analysis of total LAB and total yeast were done using Total Plate Count (TPC). As results, drying method significantly affected (p<0.05) water content, ash content, and total LAB but there was no significant effect (p<0.05) on the total acid, protein content, fat content, and total yeast. As conclusion, the best treatment of drying method in making goat milk kefir powder was spray drying
A Probabilistic Model of Aquifer Susceptibility to Earthquake-Induced Groundwater-Level Changes
Authors: Weaver Konrad C. , Arnold R. , Holden C. , Townend J. , Cox S. C.
Published: May 2020

A probabilistic model for earthquake-induced persistent groundwater-level response as a function of peak ground velocity (PGV) has been constructed using a catalog of monitoring well observations spanning multiple earthquakes. The regional-scale, multi-site, multi-earthquake investigation addresses the occurrence and absence of hydraulic responses to large earthquakes spanning almost a decade of seismic shaking. Persistent groundwater-level changes, or absences of change, have been quantified in 495 monitoring wells in response to one or more of 11 recent New Zealand earthquakes larger than Mw 5.4 that occurred between 2008 and 2017. A binary logistic regression model with random effects has been applied to the dataset using three predictors: earthquake shaking (PGV), degree of hydrogeological confinement (monitoring well depth), and rock strength (site-average shear-wave velocity). Random effects were included as a partial proxy for variations in monitoring wells’ susceptibilities to earthquake-induced persistent water-level changes. Marginal probabilities have been calculated as a function of PGV and related to modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) levels using a New Zealand-specific MMI–PGV relationship that enables the likelihood of persistent water-level changes to be expressed for MMIs of II–VIII. This study capitalizes on one of the largest catalogs of earthquake hydrological observations compiled worldwide and is the first attempt at incorporating seismic and hydrogeological factors in a common probabilistic description of earthquake-induced groundwater-level changes. This modeling framework provides a more generalizable approach to quantifying responses than alternative metrics based on epicentral distance, magnitude, and seismic energy density. It has potential to enable better comparison of international studies and to inform practitioners making engineering or investment decisions to mitigate risk and increase the resilience of water-supply infrastructure.
The 29 March 2017 Yuzhno-Ozernovskoe Kamchatka Earthquake: Fault Activity in An Extension of the East Kamchatka Fault Zone as Constrained by InSAR Observations
Authors: Vassileva Magdalena S. , Motagh Mahdi , Walter Thomas R. , Wetzel Hans-Ulrich , Senyukov Sergey L.
Published: May 2020

Recent earthquakes off the northeastern Kamchatka coast reveal that this region is seismically active, although details of the locations and complexity of the fault system are lacking. The northern part of Kamchatka has poor coverage by permanent seismic stations and ground geodetic instruments. Here, we exploit the Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) technique to characterize the fault geometry and kinematics associated with the 29 March 2017 Mw 6.6 Yuzhno-Ozernovskoe earthquake. The aim is to contribute to identifying the active fault branches and to better understanding the complex tectonic regime in this region using the DInSAR technique, which has never before been applied to the analysis of coseismic offsets in Kamchatka.

We produced coseismic deformation maps using Advanced Land Observation Satellite-2 ascending and descending and Sentinel-1A descending Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) scenes and detected a predominant uplift up to 20 cm and a westward motion of approximately 7 cm near the shoreline. We jointly inverted the three geodetic datasets using elastic half-space fault modeling to retrieve source geometry and fault kinematics. The best-fit solution for the nonlinear inversion suggests a north–west-dipping oblique reverse fault with right-lateral rupture.

The model fault geometry is not only generally consistent with the seismic data but also reveals that a hitherto unknown fault was ruptured. The identified fault structure is interpreted as the northern extension of the east Kamchatka fault zone, implying that the region is more complex than previously thought. Important implications arise for the presence of unknown faults at the edges of subduction zones that can generate earthquakes with magnitudes greater than Mw 6.
A Ground-Motion Prediction Equation for Fennoscandian Nuclear Installations
Authors: Fülöp Ludovic , Jussila Vilho , Aapasuo Riina , Vuorinen Tommi , Mäntyniemi Päivi
Published: May 2020

We propose a ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of nuclear installations in Finland. We collected and archived the acceleration recordings of 77 earthquakes from seismic stations on very hard rock (VHR, i.e., the shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m of the geological profile=2800  m/s according to the definition used in the nuclear industry) in Finland and Sweden since 2006 and computed the corresponding response spectra important for engineering evaluation. We augmented the narrow magnitude range of the local data by a subset of VHR recordings of 33 earthquakes from the Next Generation Attenuation for Central and Eastern North America (CENA) (NGA-East) database, mainly from eastern Canada. We adapted the backbone curves of the G16 equation proposed by Graizer (2016) for CENA. After the calibration, we evaluated the accuracy of the median prediction and the random error. We conclude that the GMPE developed can be used for predicting ground motions in Fennoscandia. Because of compatibility with the original G16 backbone curve and comparisons with the NGA-East GMPEs, we estimate that the formulation proposed is valid on VHR over the range of 2≤moment magnitude≤7.0 and 0≤ rupture distance ≤300  km, the depth range over 1.5–37 km, and frequencies between 1 and 100 Hz. The median of the composite prediction of the GMPE proposed was reasonable. The standard deviation of the prediction error (σ) was over the range of 0.73–0.86, in ln spectral acceleration units, for the relevant spectral frequencies. This is somewhat lower than the G16 σ, indicating lower aleatory variability. The new Fenno-G16 GMPE is applicable over a wider range of magnitudes than the two older GMPEs available in Finland and fits the data better, especially for peak ground acceleration and 25 Hz.
Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus using IADPSG and DIPSI criteria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ruge Trupti C. , Kanchana Nisha
Published: May 2020

Background: Considering the magnitude of adverse pregnancy outcomes related to gestational diabetes, the present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus using the international association of diabetes in pregnancy study groups criteria (IADPSG) and diabetes in pregnancy study group India (DIPSI) criteria to ascertain whether the present practice of diagnosing GDM by the guidelines recommended by DIPSI 21 based on WHO criterion of 2-h PG ≥140 mg/dL can still be followed in this study settings or adopt IADPSG recommendation.Methods: This study was done at Antenatal Clinic, department of obstetrics and gynecology, KLES Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Belgaum from January 2013 to December 2013. A total of 225 pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks gestations were studied. Diagnosis and the prevalence of GDM were assessed by applying both DIPSI and IADPSG criteria.Results: Most of the women (58.11%) were between 22 to 25 years and the mean age was 23.78±3.38 years. Based on the IADPSG criteria, the prevalence of GDM was 19.11% and by applying DIPSI criteria, prevalence of GDM was 16.89%. The difference in diagnostic capability between IADPSG and DIPSI was found to be 2.8% and the kappa statistics showed good strength of agreement between the two tests (p>0.302; Kappa=0.774).Conclusions: It was concluded that, the diagnosis GDM based on DIPSI is as effective as IADPSG criteria. Further, in resource poor countries like India, DIPSI procedure would be used with an advantage of being less costly and without compromising the clinical equipoise.
A comparative study of intramuscular sulfate versus intravenous magnesium injection among eclampsia patients in Eastern, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kauser Uzma , Chaudhari Anjali
Published: May 2020

Background: Hypertensive in pregnancy is the second most common cause of maternal mortality in India. Among the hypertensive disorders that complicate pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia stand out as major causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The majority of deaths due to pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are avoidable through the provision of timely and effective care to the women presenting with these complications. Objectives of this study were to find out the effectiveness of intravascular and intramuscular magnesium sulfate in management of eclampsia. To compare the side effects and complications of intravascular and intramuscular magnesium sulfate in management of eclampsia.Methods: A total 100 patients presenting with eclamptic fits reporting to the center that has been included in the study. The study has been conducted in the labor room of Nehru Chikitsalaya of B. R. D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh for 12 months duration period. Statistical analysis of observations has been done by Chi-square test with p-value <0.05 has been considered in the study.Results: Majority of eclampsia patients belonged to 20-25 years age group (63%) followed by above 30 years of age (22%).  Nearly 16% patients in IM MgSO4 group and 12% patients in IV MgSO4 received recurrence of seizure after starting of treatment (p value >0.5). About 26% patients in IM MgSO4 group and 18% patients in IV MgSO4 group had mild side effects of MgSO4 but no patients in both the group had major side effects of MgSO4.Conclusions: The study concludes that intramuscular injection of MgSO4 is painful and the chances of abscess formation that's why compliance of intramuscular MgSO4 is not very good in compared to intravascular infusion of MgSO4. The chances of Mg toxicity are more MgSO4 regimen because of the dose required in IM MgSO4 regimen is more (44gm) that of IV MgSO4 (28 gm).
Study to compare the effectiveness of intravaginal misoprostol alone with combined use of intravaginal misoprostol and intracervical foley’s catheter for termination of mid trimester pregnancy
Authors: Mahajan Puneeta , Sharma Neeraj , Sharma Parwati
Published: May 2020

Background: The main concern of obstetrician is to provide the most effective and safest regimen for mid trimester termination of pregnancy which combines the shortest expulsion interval with least side effects. The combination of intravaginal misoprostol and intracervical Foley catheter for second trimester pregnancy termination has been described in previous studies with conflicting results. Hence gap exists in literature and not adequate evidence available so this study is undertaken.Methods: A prospective and interventional randomized comparative study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, tertiary care centre, New Delhi. A total 60 pregnant female of 14 to 20 weeks of gestation who were admitted for termination of pregnancy due to any indication included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups (30 patients in each group). Group A (misoprostol and foleys combination group) and Group B (misoprostol group). Quantitative variables were compared with unpaired t-test/Mann-whitney test (when the data sets were not normally distributed) between the two groups and qualitative variables were compared by using chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test.Results: The mean induction to abortion interval was 18.31±1.95 hours in the female where misoprostol and foleys combination was used and 21.90±2.62 hours in the women where misoprostol alone used group. Authors found a significant reduction in induction to expulsion time in misoprostol and foleys combination group as compared to misoprostol alone group for mid-trimester termination of pregnancy. Total required dose of misoprostol use for termination of pregnancy was significantly less (p 0.008) in the women where both misoprostol and foleys was used than misoprostol alone.Conclusions: With the use of intracervical Foley’s catheter, the duration from induction to expulsion of abortus gets shortened and required dose of misoprostol is also reduced without any significant increase of side effects.
Endosalpingiosis with concurrent endometriosis of ovary masquerading as ovarian malignancy
Authors: Shah Amita , Zangmo Rinchen , Jain Kalpana
Published: May 2020

Endosalpingiosis is a rare gynecological disorder of müllerian origin, characterized by the presence of tubal epithelium outside the fallopian tube, which involves structures of the female genital tract, peritoneum, and sub-peritoneal tissues. Endosalpingiosis can be associated with endometriosis or endocervicosis, although it often appears alone. Authors report a case of endosalpingiosis with concurrent endometriosis in a 42-year-old P2L1 patient. The patient presented to us with complaints of heaviness in lower abdomen, a feeling a lump in the lower abdomen and low-grade fever for 15 days. On per abdominal examination, a large solid cystic mass up to 20 weeks size was felt, which was more on the left side. Cervix was normal on speculum examination, the same mass was felt on per vaginal examination, separate from the uterus, the right fornix appeared free. Patient was asked to get a set of investigations done and to review as early as possible. An exploratory laparotomy with peritoneal wash cytology, total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy with supracolic and infracolic omentectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph nodes dissection was done on 18/07/18. Per operatively, there was a large cystic mass occupying the abdominal cavity adhered to the bowel and to posterior wall of the uterus, adhesiolysis followed by staging laparotomy was done.Patient’s postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged on the 5th day of surgery in stable condition. The final histopathology report was suggestive of endosalpingiosis with concurrent endometriosis.
Models of maternity care: a continuity of midwifery care
Authors: Choudhary Suman , Jelly Prasuna , Mahala Prakash
Published: May 2020

Pregnancy and birth are significant life events for women and their families and midwife supports a woman throughout pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period. So, the demand for services that are family friendly, women focused, safe and accessible is increasing. Evidence has shown that midwifery care is associated with lower cost, higher satisfaction rates among women, and less intervention. Because pregnancy and childbirth involve every part of feelings, physical and practical needs, hopes, religious and spiritual beliefs can all affect pregnancy and birth. So, model of maternity care addresses all these aspects to help give birth safely, naturally and confidently. The aim of this review is how midwives working in different model care constructed their midwifery role in order to maintain a positive work-life balance. Evidence from high income countries found such models to be a cost-efficient way to improve health outcomes, reducing medical interventions and increasing satisfaction with care.
Study on prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in labour
Authors: Goyal Neelam , Pandey Harshita
Published: May 2020

Background: In the developing world Nutritional deficiency anaemia is the commonest finding in pregnant women. Lack of balanced diet, poor socio-economic status, repeated pregnancies and illiteracy are seen associated with Anaemia commonly. Anaemia itself results in maternal morbidities and poor pregnancy outcomes. Neonatal morbidities also have a direct equation with anaemia. It is a study done on pregnant women in labour with the sole objective to estimate the prevalence of anaemia amongst them and associated fetomaternal morbidities.Methods: It is a prospective observational study done on 300 pregnant women presenting in labour from October 2019-Decemebr 2019, in Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun. These women belonged to Dehradun and surrounding hilly areas of Uttarakhand. Their haemoglobin levels (complete blood count) were assessed at the time of admission along with other routine investigations. They were also assessed for associated pre and post-delivery morbidities and mortality.Results: In this study, out of 300 pregnant women presenting in labour from October 2019 to December 2019, in Government Doon Medical College Dehradun, the incidence of anaemia was found to be very high (70%). Severely anaemic patient group was found to have maximum number of fetomaternal complications and blood transfusion requirements.Conclusions: Despite all the maternal welfare programmes being run at National levels, it is being observed that there is a high unacceptable prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women. This increases their morbidity and mortality. It is a huge burden on hospital finances and blood bank for blood transfusions which are preventable. There is need to strengthen our health care system at primary level for pregnant women and teenage girls.
Garlic: an alternative in reducing blood glucose on diabetic patients
Authors: Dafriani Putri , Marlinda Roza , Arman Eliza , Idaman Meldafia
Published: May 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder characterized by an increasing of blood sugar (hyperglycemia). Medication is one of the seven pillars of diabetes managementt. Garlic (Allium sativum), an alternative herb, also has an antidiabetic effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic on the blood sugar level in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with two group post-test design. The participants were DM patients who only take medication without any supplemental herbs. The respondents were divided into two group; intervention group, given antidiabetic drugs and consume garlic 3 pieces of garlic/day for 2 weeks and control group only got antidiabetic drugs. Data were collected by performing blood sugar measurement using glucose-check on all respondents using capillary blood in the fingertips. Second measurement were taken after monitoring the consumption of garlic together with drugs for two weeks. Hypothesis testing used independent T-Test test.Results: The study result found that the average of blood sugar level after administering the treatment is 240 mg/dl in the intervention group, and 284 mg/dl in control group. It can be concluded that the administration of 3 pieces of garlic combining with antidiabetic drugs for 2 weeks has not been able to reduce blood sugar levels into normal limits.Conclusions: This combination found to lowering the blood sugar levels in a significant amount compare to only drugs. The length of the therapy could consider as a significant predictor.
Factors influencing blood donation practices among students of private universities in Thika Town, Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Moore Melvin B. , Gitau Tabither , Kerochi Atei
Published: May 2020

Background: In spite of extensive efforts on blood donation programs conducted worldwide, the availability of adequate blood supply continues to be a demanding challenge in developing countries, including Kenya. This study was conducted with the objective to assess factors influencing voluntary blood donation practices among students of private universities in Thika town, Kiambu County, Kenya.Methods: This cross-sectional study using both qualitative and quantitative methods was conducted at Mount Kenya University and Gretsa University. Multi-stage sampling was used to select 385 students from the two universities. Questionnaire was used in gathering information from students. The Pearson chi-square analysis and p value<0.05 were found statistically significant. Logistic regressions analysis was used to predict factors influencing blood donation.Results: The study found that knowledge and the time respondents received information on blood donation in university were predictive factors influencing blood donation. The study also found that 57.1% of the respondents received information on blood donation from high school. In addition, 60% of the students were identified as having no blood donation history. Respondent major reasons for not donating blood were not asked to donate (44.3%), lack of information (28.5%), and fear of needles (23.2%). Some of the donors identified negative effects of post-blood donation such as dizziness, tiredness, and feeling weak.Conclusions: The study concludes that not asking students to donate and lack of timely information on blood donation were the main reasons for low blood donation practices among students in private universities in Thika Town, Kiambu County, Kenya.
A study on knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning and determinants of fertility among different socio religious groups in a southern city: a cross sectional study
Authors: Bee D. Fathima , Chandrasekharan P. A. , Devi G. Prameela
Published: May 2020

Background: The present study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, the practice of family planning and to study the determinants of fertility in different socio religious population in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 study subjects using a self-administered questionnaire. The data was collected and analyzed with Epi info version 7.Results: Only 144 participants actively participated and given their consent. Majority of them have knowledge about any one method of contraception. An average of both Muslim and Hindu religion have known about the natural contraceptive methods, oral contraceptive pills and IUCD was equal and an average of 11-12% of the participant were aware about side effects of oral contraceptive pills. The objections to contraceptive preventing women from using contraceptives coming from husbands and mother-in-law were strongly agreed/agreed in Hindu and Muslim population almost similar. The religious believes were strongly agreed/agreed in Muslim women than Hindu. Even though most of the participants visited or consulted with health care professionals in health center for family planning and 3/4th of them were using contraception. While comparing the four proximate determinants of fertility, index of contraception had greater impact on fertility than others.Conclusions: The present study highlighted that most of the women have not practised and have less knowledge about modern contraceptive methods. Innovative approaches have to be planned, tested and implemented to ensure their access to information, contraceptive methods and family planning services.
Pre-treatment lost to follow up among presumptive tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care centre, South India
Authors: Ulaganeethi Revathi , Nair Divya , Ramaswamy Gomathi , Choubey Shivangi , Kumar Saka Vinod , Roy Gautam
Published: May 2020

Background: At tertiary care centres, presumptive tuberculosis (TB) patients who come from far off places and are more likely to drop out during diagnosis or before treatment initiation. We aimed to describe the proportion lost during diagnosis or before treatment and also assessed the reasons for the loss to follow up.Methods: We did a hospital based descriptive study, reviewing laboratory register and referral register to assess the status of submission of second sputum and referral letter, respectively, for patients visiting a designated microscopy centre at a teaching hospital. Reasons for lost to follow up were assessed through telephonic interviews.Results: Out of a total 2025 presumptive TB patients, 315 (15.6%, 95% CI 14.0-17.2) did not provide a second sputum sample. ‘Symptoms had reduced or subsided’ (30%), ‘not aware that second sample needs to be given’ (23%) and ‘visited other hospital’ (14%) were the common reasons reported for the same. A total of 270 (13.3%) patients were sputum smear positive; of them 92 (34.1% CI 28.4-40.1) did not collect referral letter. Among those who were referred, 66% were referred within a week. Deaths, ‘busy in routine work’ and treatment at other government hospitals were the common reasons reported for not collecting referral letter.Conclusions:One out of seven patients did not submit a second sputum sample and one third of sputum smear positive TB patients did not collect the referral letter. Follow up mechanisms needs to be strengthened in the national program to reduce this pre-treatment lost to follow up.
ARTISTIC LITERACY IN THE PARADIGMS OF TEACHING FINE ARTS
Authors: Pavlovich Roshchin Sergey , Sergeevna Filippova Lyudmila
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: The article discusses some aspects of the professional development of the artist in the context of changes occurring in the modern domestic system of higher education. The authors conducted research aimed at studying the phenomenon of the artist's personality and related features of students' search for their own trajectory of education.

Methodology: The literature review of works describing the life and work of artists, essays on the history of art has been conducted.

Main Findings: As a result of the study, the criteria for evaluating the level of artistic literacy of students before and after passing elective courses were identified. In the course of the experiment was the evaluation of the creative works of students, performing tests and surveys. Quality indicators have significantly improved as a result of the experiment. The level of motivation of students has increased significantly.

Applications of this study: The main conclusion of the experimental classes was to prove the relevance and importance of studying the basics of artistic literacy for the successful education of an artist of any specialization. The results of this study will serve as a basis for continuing research in this area of art education. The experience described in the article can serve as a prototype for higher school art pedagogy.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Comparison of the results of experimental and control groups showed a significant increase in quality indicators. During the experiment, several points were identified that determine the prospects for further research on the introduction into the educational process of topical issues included in the conditional representation of the structure of the concepts of artistic literacy.
BUILDING A HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BLUEPRINT FOR BANGLADESH: AN EXPLORATIVE INVESTIGATION
Authors: Islam Ariful , Abd Wahab Sazali
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: Bangladesh is blessed with all the possibility to be an imperative heritage destination on global premises, whereas there are a number of obstacles that can obstruct the effective development of the heritage tourism segment in the country. As a result, the present study targets to explore major issues that are critical in the development process of heritage tourism.

Methodology: The study has organised 25 semi-structured interview procedures for data collection. The respondents are judgementally selected on the basis of their frequent tourism activities.

Findings: The analysis has revealed some critical issues related to governance, institutional requirements, integration, and resource allocation.

Application: The findings of the study can possibly help the authority to formulate a suitable strategy regarding the development of heritage tourism in Bangladesh. The outcomes of the study also serve a direction on how better tourist experience can be configured in the country's heritage destinations.

Novelty/Originality of the study: The explorative nature of the investigation has the benefit of accumulating useful and insightful info about heritage tourism issues in Bangladesh comparing to what can obtain through quantitative testings. It is also one of the few attempts to identify and categorise the valuable heritage tourism products inside Bangladesh.
Revisión de temas. 2. Toxoplasmosis y gestación
Authors: Wiesner Jaime
Published: May 2020

El presente escrito sólo quiere destacar el gigantesco riesgo que un embarazo aparentemente normal presenta, ya que este puede concluir en una toxoplasmosis congénita; un recién nacido muerto o vivo, pero deficiente mental, ciego, deforme o incapacitado para el resto de sus días.
Criterios para el diagnóstico tratamiento de la toxoplasmosis
Authors: Duarte Contreras Alberto , Duarte Barreto Clara Inés
Published: May 2020

Se hace un repaso sobre lo que es la infección toxoplásmica, el comportamiento del toxoplasma en el organismo y los mecanismos de defensa. Se estudia la manera de diagnosticar la toxoplasmosis congénita. Se dan conclusiones.
Estudio 50 casos de colpotomía anterior para ligadura tubaria
Authors: Zúñiga Jorge E.
Published: May 2020

Se presenta un estudio de 50 pacientes con ligadura de trompas transvaginal por el método de la colpotomía anterior, usando la técnica de Madneler.Este sistema quirúrgico ha sido muy utilizado, como método definitivo para hacer planificación familiar, especialmente en la India.En los 50 casos, realizados en el servicio de ginecología del Hospital Universitario de Cali, Colombia S.A. se hace notar la gran aceptabilidad del método por las pacientes; la técnica operatoria es sencilla, rápida, con instrumental común y corriente; la recuperación rápida en el post-operatorio, la estancia mínima hospitalaria; la seguridad del 99% de los casos, con la única condición de cirujano hábil y con experiencia en cirugía-vaginal.La técnica para esterilización femenina por ligadura de trompas se remonta a los principios del siglo XIX.Consiste en una incisión a través de la vagina, en lugar del abdomen, la cual resulta especialmente eficaz en la esterilización tubaria.Recientemente, este método ha sido utilizado especialmente en la India (1,2, 3,4).El procedimiento es bastante sencillo; la paciente recibe anestesia regional (Epi- dural-Peridural ó Raquídea) y neurolepto-analqesia (entre nosotros). La mayoría de las pacientes pueden salir del hospital el mismo día o el día siguiente de la intervención.La morbilidad y las complicaciones mayores son mínimas.Ultimamente un grupo de expertos reunidos en Bombay en 1973, se pronunció en favor de la colpotomía, afirmando que produce menos dolor post operatorio y "no despierta el mismo temor que una intervención que exija una incisión abdominal" (5).
Enfermedad trofoblástica
Authors: Zuñiga C. Jorge E.
Published: May 2020

En 248 casos de enfermedad trofoblástica en el Hospital Universitario de Cali-Col. S.A., se da una incidencia de 1 caso por 4.348 embarazos.La mayoría de las pacientes son de nivel socio-económico bajo.Se encontraron 218 molas, 12 corioadenomas y 18 coriocarcionomas.El mayor número de casos estuvo entre los 20-30 años.El síntoma predominante fue la hemorragia genital (91%). En 99 radiografías de tórax se encontraron metástasis en 13 casos (13%).El tratamiento fue basado en la evacuación de la Mola, histerectomía y quimioterapia (METHOTREXATE).Sólo 56 casos tuvieron control más de un año. Se logró evidenciar 4 muertes en este grupo de pacientes.
Curva de regresión normal de B-HCG en pacientes con neoplasias trofoblásticas gestacionales
Authors: Aragón S. Miguel Eduardo , Velasco Chiriboga Alvaro
Published: May 2020

Se estudiaron 44 pacientes con Enfermedad Trofoblastica Gestacional en las cuales se siguió la evolución posterior a la evacuación uterina y se encontró que 32 pacientes (72.74%), hicieron remisión espontánea de la enfermedad después de la evacuación uterina.Se elaboró una curva de Regresión de los títulos de B—HCG después de la evacuación de la Mola y se comparó con la Curva de P. Morrow sin encontrar diferencia notoria.Los niveles de B-HCG se hacen normales 8 semanas después de la evacuación.No se encontró diferencia estadística en la declinación de B—HCG con los diferentes métodos de evacuación.No se encuentra diferencia en el pronóstico de las pacientes según el grado histopatológico de la mola, haciendo la salvedad en las Molas grado III, en que no fue posible comparar por existir un número muy reducido de pacientes.Se recomienda con exclusividad y especial preferencia, el uso de la dosificación de la B-HCG, para el control de las Neoplasias Trofoblasticas Gestacionales, seleccionando dos esquemas de seguimiento y control.
Mortalidad materna Hospital Materno Infantil 1983-1984
Authors: García Ojeda Guillermo , Ñañez V. Heliodoro
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo muestra los resultados obtenidos del estudio de los casos de mortalidad materna ocurridos en el Hospital Materno Infantil de Bogotá (antes denominado Instituto Materno Infantil I.M.I.), durante el período comprendido entre el 1o. de enero de 1983 y el 31 de diciembre de 1984.
Cesárea extraperitoneal
Authors: Castaño Molano Luis Fernando
Published: May 2020

Unido al deseo materno de obtener un recién nacido en óptimas condiciones, se ha incrementado el esfuerzo por mejorar el control in útero del bienestar fetal, ya sea por medio del monitoreo, ultrasonido o estudio del líquido amniótico, con lo cual se han aumentado las indicaciones y por lo tanto el número de cesáreas como medio eficaz para reducir la morbimortalidad materno-fetal.
Evaluación del manejo del embarazo post-término
Authors: Páez Guillermo , Galindo Mario A.
Published: May 2020

El embarazo post-término se ha asociado a una insuficiencia utero placentaria progresiva, resultando en hipoxia fetal, oligoamnios, meconio antiguo, bajo peso y en extremo muerte fetal. El riesgo e incremento de la mortalidad y morbilidad neonatal comienza después de las 42 semanas de gestación. Se estudiaron 100 pacientes con embarazos post-término. Se evaluan las pruebas de seguimiento tales como monitoría de no stress y stress, ecografía y estriol plasmático, Se encontró el 4% de recién nacidos con síndrome de post-madurez, 2% con hipoxia leve intraparto. Con base en los resultados se propone esquema de manejo de los pacientes post-término.
Celestial objects periphrastic naming and synonym correlation
Authors: Du Chunyang
Published: May 2020

We consider the ability of language to express identical content by periphrastic means that reflects in the periphrase and synonym ratio. We prove that in the narrow sense periphrastic names cannot be considered as a simple synonymous replacement of the word-nominee, since the meaning of the periphrase is not identical with the meaning of the word-nominee. Periphrasis is more voluminous, wider in its content due to the presence of certain structural components or the presence of associative features. These features focus attention of the linguistic personality and allow allocating a specific descriptive feature in the periphrasis image. In a broad sense periphrases and synonyms are considered as stylistic synonyms. Meanwhile in language there are non-stylistic periphrases for celestial object. Opportunity of duplicate use of the words “moon” and “month” shows semantic opposition. As exemplified in the names of celestial bodies there is tendency of periphrasis and synonym, but not the rules. According to the narrow and broad understanding of periphrasis and synonyms, which relies on the representative function of language, it is necessary to take into account the cognitive factors that determine the relationship between the nominating word (periphrasisable concept) and the periphrasing concept.
Natural and Organic Cosmetics: Definition and Concepts
Authors: Barros Cleber , Barros Rosana Bevenuto Guilhen
Published: May 2020

The market of natural and organic cosmetics has been growing in last decades. The increase in interest in this type of product is a consequence of the concern that consumers have been presenting in relation to the environment and health. In addition to the appreciation the use of sustainable ingredients in cosmetic formulations, the consumers are also concerned about pollution caused by the use of plastics, which leads industries to reinvent themselves and rethink about the composition of packaging. The factor that most drives the purchase of natural and organic cosmetics is the fact that the consumer, in addition to contributing to the preservation of the environment, is also using a sustainable product. The growing demand for natural and organic cosmetics results in a concern of the brands with the organic issue, with the decreased use of animal derived ingredients and with the updating the parameters required for certification of a cosmetic as natural or organic. Due to the few studies available in this area, the importance of clarifying the definitions and concepts of natural and organic cosmetics is evident, in order to contribute with accurate information for the cosmetic sector.
Combating COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: A Memorandum from Developing Country
Authors: Moin Abu Tayab , Sakib Mohammad Najmul , Araf Yusha , Sarkar Bishajit , Ullah Md. Asad
Published: May 2020

This paper is purposed to delineate the current situation around Bangladesh as well as impacts of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) around the country and how the people over here are encountering this threatening pandemic. COVID-19 is an international epidemic that has got rapid wide-spread throughout different countries of the world to date. After its first outbreak in China different continents started to make sense and get aware against COVID-19 though, due to its special strategy of transmission several countries have been quite deteriorated preventing it. All the countries are moving at their best forward to find out any solution so that whole world could get rid of this horrifying situation as soon as possible. The authors here have reported an overview of how the outbreak of COVID-19 had put its commence in Bangladesh and to date how people over here have been tracing the way to tackle this havoc. Also, the changes that have brought around due to the crisis have offered us some fertile lessons that are enunciated here by the authors. To conclude, special considerations are anticipated to be highlighted pertaining COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh.