bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Brand Awareness "Word Of Mouth" and Perception of Risk on the Buying Intention towards Box Brand GIVI in Surabaya
Authors: Diwangkoro Luhung , Nata Jiwangga Hadi
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to discuss the influence of Brand Awareness, word of mouth, and the perception of the tendency towards GIVI purchase intention in Surabaya. This research is a quantitative research with survey method. Sources of data obtained from questionnaires collected with a Likert scale and the results were analyzed by multiple linear regression methods. The results of the study prove that brand awareness gets 2,050 tcts supported by the significance of 0,044 (p <0,05) Word of mouth gets t count 2,064 supported by the significance of 0,043 (p <0,05) so that word of mouth has a significant effect on purchase intention. The perception of risk gets t count of -3.018 supported by significance of 0.004 (p <0.05) Brand awareness, word of mouth, and risk perceptions have the same significance for purchasing compatibility because the Fcount is 52.255 with a significant value of 0.000 (p <0 05). The R square coefficient is 0.714 then the variation of changes that occur in the dependent variable 71.4% which can be accessed jointly by the independent variable and the remaining 28.6% by other variables outside the three independent variables used in this study.
The Role of Controlling Inflation in the Perspective of Al-Qur'an
Authors: Zakiyah Kuni
Published: June 2019

The phenomenon of inflation that exists is actually not a short-term phenomenon and occurs situationally. However, like in other developing countries, the problem of inflation is more on the issue of long-term inflation that is increasingly complex and increasingly difficult to control. Conventional economic policies are no longer able to solve this problem. According to the perspective of the Qur'an, the source of the emergence of economic turmoil, which is indicated by high inflation, is due to the use of currencies that deviate from the Qur'an. The deviation is nothing but making the currency a commodity in order to make a profit. The advantage is called by the Qur'an in terms of usury, both usury nasi’ah and fadhl. Therefore, if we want to create a more stable economy, with a more controlled inflation rate, then there must be courage to eliminate the source of the main cause.
The Implementation of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) on Sharia Banking in Indonesia
Authors: Rini Nova
Published: June 2019

In 2001, a financial institution in Turkey went bankrupt. The financial institution is "Ihlas Finance House". The cause of the bankruptcy of financial institutions according to Islamic finance economists is as a result of weaknesses in the internal and external mechanisms of corporate governance. The purpose of writing this article is to find out how the implementation of Islamic Corporate Governance in Islamic Banking. The method used in this article to answer the research question is a literature study. The results of this study indicate that Islamic banking financial institutions in Indonesia have not fully implemented Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG). The implementation of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) that has not been fully implemented is sharia compliance (syari'ah compliance). Sharia compliance in Islamic bank financial products. Conclusion of this article: 1. Implementation of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) in Islamic banking is accommodated in the Sharia Banking Law and Bank Indonesia Regulations; 2. Islamic Corporate Government (ICG) can be seen from the establishment of Sharia Supervisory and Sharia Compliance Board in Islamic banking; and 3. Islamic banking in Indonesia does not yet fully implement Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) in sharia compliance for Islamic financial products.
Critical Analysis of a Technology-Based Enterprise: A Case Study of Yahoo!
Authors: Aufa Ahmad Naufal
Published: June 2019

Yahoo’s history might give a valuable lesson about a critical issue in a leading company, which is now considered to no longer have a competitive advantage. This paper aims at analyzing critically the issues of Yahoo’s ruin. The findings suggest that the causes include having no superior product, lack of focus, poor leadership, and no clear vision. Consequently, this issue gave a massive impact on the company’s revenue, net profit, valuation, and even existence. Finally, although this case is about a high-tech company’s issue, this might become sort of evaluation and reflection for any companies, since the causes seem relevant to all company types. This case also can be a learning lesson for professionals, academicians, and students.
The Reinforcement of Certainty Perception on Social Media Advertisement: Dual-Process Theory Perspective
Authors: Azizah Nurul
Published: June 2019

Social media offers a powerful way to promote and engage the consumer. However, there are too many information circulating on social media nowadays. This situation makes the consumers feel uncertain with the validity of information they find on social media. There are more than two million Facebook users globally, meaning that the platform still has big potential as an effective promotion tool. In this study, Social word of mouth (sWOM) theory is seen as a solution to reduce the uncertainty on the social media. Then, the dual-process theory is adapted to build the conceptual framework, which includes several variables including comment involvement, quality of comment, comment trust-ability, as well as uncertainty reduction. Item scales are adopted by the prior study and the questionnaire is composed with a back-translation technique. The collected data is tested using smart-PLS. Then the results are analyzed to observe both theoretical and managerial impact. The findings of the study suggest that all of the proposed variables have significant effect on the uncertainty reduction.
The Role of Customer Engagement in Islamic Banking
Authors: Basya Maziyah Mazza
Published: June 2019

The marketing strategy to be engaged with customer of an Islamic bank must be concerned with its ability to gain a competitive advantage and establish a strong competitive position without neglecting an Islamic business ethic. Customer engagement (CE) in Islamic bank does not take any matter of competing on product and prices, but rather in stressing quality of the services they provide appealing customers conscience. This research attempts to enhance understanding of CE related in its role to increase the quantity and loyalty of Islamic banks customers with the Islamic business ethics point of view. This is a qualitative research that develops customer engagement concept that relevant to be applied in Islamic banking by collecting some of CE theories regarding the CE approach through relationship marketing and analyze them with Islamic business ethic overview. CE in Islamic banking has to be relied with Sharia’s law. The main point of CE in Islamic banking is not only to have a good relationship with the customer and be a brotherhood, but also to reach the Islamic banking purposes.
The Effect of Social Performance to the Profitability of Islamic Banks
Authors: Kholidah Himmatul
Published: June 2019

This study aims to investigate the effect of social performance to the profitability of Islamic banks. The research method used is quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis. The data in this research have four variables: Mudharabah-Musyarakah Financing, Qardh Financing and Zakah as dependent variables and Net income as independent variable. The result shows that only zakah has significantly positive effects on the net income, but Mudharabah-Musyarakah and Qardh Financing have insignificant effects on the net income of Islamic commercial bank. On the other hand, Mudharabah-Musyarakah Financing, Qardh Financing and Zakah simultaneously have significant effects on the net income of Islamic commercial bank.
Instrumentos eletroacústicos de tecla e seu uso na música microtonal
Authors: Neimog Charles Klippel , Ribeiro Felipe De Almeida
Published: June 2019

Neste texto analisamos os instrumentos eletroacústicos de tecla que possibilitaram a execução de estruturas microtonais e afinações alternativas. Além de um levantamento histórico sobre esses instrumentos, também nos interessa saber a relação destes com a composição microtonal. Investigamos também as razões pelas quais esses instrumentos não atingiram um nível de difusão em massa. Concluímos que há uma forte relação entre os instrumentos microtonais com a cultura de percepção sonora, e os problemas não são necessariamente de viabilidade de construção de novos instrumentos. Para tanto, nos baseamos nos estudos de Joel Chadabe, Hugh Davies, Nicole Gagné, Franck Jedrzejewski, Jon Appleton, Ben Kettlewell, Thomas Patteson e Curtis Roads.
Factors that Contribute to Nursing and Medical Students’ Perceptions of the Nurse-Physician Relationship
Authors: Conover Kathryn G. , Behrens Michaela E. , Usenick Emily N. , Abraham Samuel P. , Gillum Deborah R.
Published: June 2019

Background: Biases and preconceptions regarding future working relationships have the potential to impact professional interactions. Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the factors that contribute to nursing and medical students’ perceptions of the nurse-physician relationship. Method: This was a qualitative, phenomenological, explorative study with a descriptive design. Eight nursing students and eight medical students were interviewed for this study and themes were carefully extracted from their responses. A series of open-ended questions were asked that were intended to elicit honest, thoughtful responses regarding how they view the other profession, their relationship, and thoughts on the quality of future professional collaboration. Social identity theory was used as the conceptual framework to guide this study. Themes were then extracted from the interviews. Results: The main themes found were in the areas of attitudes and behaviors. Nursing students had more positive than negative comments about interdisciplinary attitudes, but they had slightly more negative comments regarding interdisciplinary behaviors. Medical students commented far more on interdisciplinary behaviors than on attitudes, with both categories turning out more positive than negative. Specific subthemes included medical students’ concern with sexism against female physicians and their high degree of concern over how interdisciplinary relationships affect the patient. Nursing students believed the relationship would be respectful depending on the unit. However, most of them expressed concern with how negative behaviors impact the patient. Conclusion: Learning standout themes from nursing and medical students’ perceptions of their future working relationships can aid in finding barriers that can be addressed. Future research would be beneficial to discover themes on a larger scale.
Factors Determining the Choice of Vegetarian vs. Meat-Eating Diets
Authors: Maxwell Alexie C. , Smith Arianna M. , Thomas Emily R. , Abraham Samuel P. , Gillum Deborah R.
Published: June 2019

Background: There are various opinions of what eating healthy looks like, and it has become a frequent topic of discussion among young adults. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors determining the choice of vegetarian vs. meat-eating diet. Method: This study was a qualitative phenomenological study with a descriptive design that was conducted at a college in northern Indiana area using one-on-one interviews. The sample size was 16 individuals, 8 who use the vegetarian diet, and 8 who are meat-eaters. Pender’s health promotion model was used to guide this study. Results: There were 9 themes that emerged, of which 5 were vegan/vegetarian and 4 were meat-eaters. The vegetarian and vegan themes were limitation of the diet (1), health effects (2), confusion and stigma about diet (3), reasons for choosing this diet (4), and more conscious of what they eat (5). The meat-eating themes were choices (1), health effects (2), mocking and ridiculing (3), and workout (4). Conclusion: Overall, meat-eaters had more choices in their diet and vegetarians and vegans struggled with limitations. They discussed mocking or stigma about their diets as well as health effects. The need for further studies on this topic is evident from the literature review.
NANO GÜMÜŞ EMPRENYE EDİLMİŞ ÜÇ BOYUTLU KUMAŞLARDA ANTİ-MİKROBİYAL ETKİNLİK
Authors: TAYLAN Gamze , TULPAR Ayşe , DEMİRURAL Alparslan , BAYKARA Tarık
Published: June 2019

Gümüşün
nano boyuta indirilmesi, onun aktivasyonunu arttırarak bakteri, mantar ve
virüsler üzerindeki etkisini daha da arttırmaktadır.  Nano boyutlarda (0-200 nm) gümüşle temas eden
bakteri, virüs veya mantar hücrelerinin metabolizması bozulmakta ve elektriksel
etkileşimle enzimleri etkisiz hale gelerek hücreleri ölmektedir.  Nano gümüş emprenye edilen antibakteriyel
tekstillerde, anti-bakteriyel etki iyonize nano gümüş miktarı ile doğru
orantılıdır. Bu doğrultuda üç boyutlu kumaşlarda daha fazla nano gümüş iyonu
emprenyesi mümkün olmakta ve antibakteriyel etkinlik artmaktadır.  Bu çalışmada, 
nano gümüş emprenye edilmiş üç boyutlu kumaşların antibakteriyel
etkinliği, maya
bakterileri (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
kullanılarak  incelenmiştir. Nano gümüş emprenye edilmiş üç
boyutlu kumaşlarda, ilk 3 dakika içerisinde bakterilerin çoğalmadığı aksine yok
olmaya başladığı görülmüştür. Nano gümüş emprenye edilen üç boyutlu kumaşlarda,
bakteriler kumaş içerisine nüfus etmeden kumaş yüzeyinde etkisiz hale
gelmektedir. 24 saat içerisinde, kumaş yüzeyinde maya bakterileri üreyip
gelişemeden kumaş üzerinde kuru ve ölü bir tabaka oluşturmaktadırlar.
ANTALYA KENT MERKEZİNDE KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜM UYGULAMALARI
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Deniz , BAYRAKTAR Emre Artun
Published: June 2019

Türkiye’de 1950’li yıllarda yaşanan kırsaldan kentlere
yönelik göç hareketi, kentlerde çarpık yapılaşmaya ve altyapı sorunlarının
oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Deprem, su taşkını ve toprak kayması gibi doğa
olayları sonucunda yaşanan can ve mal kayıpları bu sorunlar ile yüzleşilmesini
gerektirmiştir. Nitekim, yakın geçmişte yaşanan 1999 Marmara Depremi, 2009 İstanbul
Ayamama Deresi Taşkını ve 2011 Van Depremi, doğa olaylarının kolayca afetlere
dönüşebileceğini göstermiştir. Nihayetinde, 2012 yılında yürürlüğe giren 6306
sayılı Afet Riski Altındaki Alanların Dönüştürülmesi Hakkında Kanun ile
birlikte afetler öncesinde alınması gereken tedbirler hakkında ciddi adımlar
atılmıştır. Kanunun yürürlüğe girdiği tarihten itibaren tüm Türkiye’de olduğu
gibi Antalya’da da riskli alan ve yapıların tespitinde büyük ilerleme
sağlanmıştır. Kanun kapsamında, Antalya kent merkezi sınırları içerisinde üç
adet riskli alan belirlenmiş ve 7.000 adet dolayında yapı riskli ilan
edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada; Antalya kent merkezinde mevcut yapılaşma gözlemsel
olarak incelenmiş, yapılaşmanın genel karakteristiği değerlendirilmiş ve kent
merkezinde gerçekleştirilen kentsel dönüşüm projeleri örneklenerek dönüşüm
uygulamaları hakkında öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
O COMBATE À EXPLORAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DOS REFUGIADOS: A NECESSIDADE DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PAUTADAS NA DIGNIDADE
Authors: Reymão Ana Elizabeth Neirao , Mello Neto Ridivan
Published: June 2019

O trabalho discute a importância de políticas públicas para a proteção de refugiados no Brasil, dando efetividade aos Direitos Humanos consubstanciados na Constituição Federal de 1988 e no Estatuto dos Refugiados de 1951. A pesquisa é exploratória e qualitativa, baseada em fontes bibliográficas, e argumenta em favor da necessidade de instrumentalização das políticas públicas para a efetivação de Direitos Humanos dos grupos vulneráveis, em especial dos refugiados. Procura-se desconstruir a percepção de que o Brasil é um país aberto aos imigrantes, mostrando-se que o mesmo possui uma legislação tendente à exclusão do estrangeiro e à submissão. Apresenta-se uma análise crítica das políticas públicas no país e conclui-se que as mesmas precisam ser reformuladas para garantir o combate à exploração econômica.
Total Bond Order Density as a Quantum Mechanical Metric for Materials Design: Application to Chalcogenide Crystals
Authors: Hasan Sahib , Baral Khagendra , Ching Wai-Yim
Published: June 2019

Materials design for processing and application requires fundamental understanding of their properties based interatomic interaction. The use of the novel concept of total bond order density (TBOD) as a single quantum mechanical metric to characterize the internal cohesion of a crystal and correlate with the calculated physical properties is particularly appealing. This requires detailed first-principles calculation of the electronic structure, interatomic bonding and related properties. In this article, we use this new concept and apply it to chalcogenide crystals based on data obtained from 25 crystals: Ag2S, Ag2Se, Ag2Te, As2S3, As2Se3, As2Te3, As4Se4, Cu2S, Cu2Se, Cu2Te, Cu4GeS4, Cu2SnS3, Cu2SnSe3, GeS2, GeSe2, Ge4Se9, Sb2S3, Sb2Se3, Sb2Te3, SnS, SnSe, CdSe, CdTe, ZnSe, and ZnTe. Together with the calculated optical and mechanical properties, we demonstrate the efficacy of using this novel approach for materials design that could facilitate the exploration and development of new chalcogenide crystals and glasses. Moreover, the TBOD and its partial components (PBOD) could be the key descriptors in machine learning protocol for broader scale design when a large database is available.
A Retrospective Interventional Cohort Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Sandostatin LAR(octreotide) for Treatment of Recurrent and/or Refractory Meningiomas
Authors: Bota Daniela Annenelie , Hrachova Maya , Fu Beverly D. , Kong Xiao–Tang , Cadena Gilbert , Hsu Frank P.K. , Billimek John , Dandekar Manisha
Published: June 2019

Background

Meningiomas are the most common adult primary intracranial tumors in the United States. Despite, high recurrence rate of atypical and malignant subtypes, there is no approved drug indicated specifically for meningioma. Majority of meningiomas exhibit high density (70%) of somatostatin receptors subtypes, and somatostatin analogs have been under close investigation as a potential treatment option for management of progressive or recurrent meningiomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of Sandostatin LAR (octreotide) in patients with progressive and/or recurrent meningioma.

Methods

A total of 44 patients ≥ 18 years old were included in retrospective chart review. They were diagnosed with meningioma and underwent therapy with Sandostatin LAR (octreotide) from 01/01/10 until 06/01/17 at the University of California, Irvine. Six months progression free survival (PFS6) was defined as a primary endpoint, and the overall survival (OS) was a secondary endpoint along with safety and toxicity.

Results

The PFS6 months for all tumor grades was 80.6%. The OS for 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years for all WHO grades was 94.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-1.00), 88.4% (95% CI: 0.78-0.99), and 67.2% (95% CI: 0.36-0.99) respectively. Median TTP for WHO grade I, II and III was 3.1, 2.40, and 0.20 years respectively. Sandostatin LAR (octreotide) was well tolerated.

Conclusions

This is the largest reported retrospective analysis of meningioma patients treated with Sandostatin LAR (octreotide) and suggests that this treatment has minimal to no adverse events and could prolong overall survival and progression free survival.
Prevalence and seasonal variation of human Plasmodium infection in Punjab Province, Pakistan
Authors: Qureshi Naveeda Akhtar , Fatima Huma - , Afzal Muhammad , Khattak Aamir Ali , Nawaz Muhammad Ali
Published: June 2019

Background: Malaria is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Pakistan is considered as a moderate malaria-endemic country but still, 177 million individuals are at risk of malaria. Roughly 60% of Pakistan’s population, live in malaria-endemic regions. The present study is based upon the survey of various health care centers in ten cities of Northern and Southern Punjab to find out the malarial infection patterns in 2015. The diagnosis, seasonal variations, age and gender-wise distribution of Plasmodium spp. circulating in the study area were also included in the objectives.
Methods: The malaria-suspected patients ‘16075’ were enrolled for malaria diagnosis using microscopy, out of which 925 were malaria positive which were processed for molecular analysis using nested PCR. The 18S rRNA genes of Plasmodium species were amplified, sequenced, blast and phylogenetic tree was constructed based on sequences using online integrated tool MEGA7.
Results: The 364 cases recruited from Northern Punjab with highest incidence in Rawalpindi (25.5%) and lowest in Chakwal (15.9%). From Southern Punjab561 cases were observed Rajanpur (21.4%) maximum and lowest from Multan and Rahim Yar Khan (18%). The slide positivity rate, annual parasite incidence, and annual blood examination rates were 5.7 per 1000 population, 0.1% and 0.2% respectively. The only P. vivax (66.7%), P. falciparum (23.7%) and mixed infection by these two species (9.6%) were diagnosed. The same trend (P. vivax>P. falciparum > mixed infection) in species identification and prevalence was confirmed from molecular analysis. However, the prevalence of malaria was higher in Southern Punjab (5.5%) as compared to the Northern Punjab (4.0%). The overall prevalence of treatment-seeking patients in all recruited cities of Punjab was 4.9%. The age-group of 1-20 and males among genders were more affected by malaria. The comparison of different seasons showed that the malaria infection was at a peak in Summer and post-monsoon.
Conclusion: The prevalence of malaria was high in the flood infected rural areas of Southern Punjab, Summer and post monsoon The low age grouped persons and males were more affected by malaria
Comparison of Postoperative Pain between Patients who underwent Primary and Repeated Caesarean Section: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Duan Guangyou , Yang Guiying , Peng Jing , Duan Zhenxin , Li Jie , Tang Xianglong , Li Hong
Published: June 2019

Background: The presences of differences in post-operative pain are unclear between the primipara who underwent a primary cesarean section and multipara who underwent first repeat cesarean section. The study aimed to explore the possible difference in postoperative pain between primipara and multipara.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out, and only women who underwent cesarean deliveries under spinal anesthesia were included. Postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed for all subjects with 0.2 mg/kg hydromorphone and 4 mg/kg flurbiprofen, and the pump was programmed as 2.0 mL/h background infusion, and loading dose of 1 mL with a lockout period of 15 min. Postoperative incision and visceral pain intensity were evaluated using visual analogue scale, and inadequate analgesia was defined as visual analogue scale ≥40 during the postoperative 48 hours. Additionally, the patients’ pain statuses on postoperative week 1 and week 4 were also assessed during follow-up via telephone.
Results: From January to May 2017, a total of 168 patients (67 primipara and 101 multipara) were included. The relative risk for multipara to experience inadequate analgesia on incision pain was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.25 to 0.74) compared to primipara. In patients under 30 years old, inadequate analgesia on visceral pain in the multipara was higher than that on the primipara (RR, 3.56 [1.05 to 12.04], P=0.025). There was no significant difference in the combined incidence of inadequate analgesia in both types of pain between the multipara and primipara (33.7%vs.40.2%, P=0.381). No difference was found in PCIA consumption between two groups. (111.1 ± 36.0mL vs. 110.9 ± 37.3mL, P=0.979) Additionally, a significantly higher incidence of pain at 4 weeks after the surgery was noted in the primipara compared to the multipara (62.2%vs.37.7%, P=0.011).
Conclusions: Multipara who underwent first repeat cesarean section have lower risk to experience inadequate analgesia on incision pain during the first 48 hours after surgery compared to primipara. While multipara under 30 years may be more prone to experiencing postoperative inadequate analgesia on visceral pain.
Creating a Conference Poster with High-Resolution Network Figures
Authors: Pfeffer Jürgen
Published: June 2019

Creating a poster with high-resolution network images can be a challenging task. In this article, the process of exporting a network figure from a network analysis tool, importing it in a vector graphics tool, and preparing the poster for print is discussed. The steps include critical strategies for producing print-quality figures that also apply to the preparation of network figures for journal publication. We discuss different file formats and argue that the favorite tool for creating conference posters – Microsoft PowerPoint – is not suitable for posters that include network figures. Instead, we suggest the use of Inkscape, a free and open-source tool, or a comparable vector graphics tool to prepare your posters. The goal of this article is to provide a tutorial-like description of the critical steps for creating a conference poster with high-resolution network figures.
Ike Net: Email and Friendship Evolution
Authors: McCulloh Ian
Published: June 2019

Network evolution is an important problem for social scientists, management consultants, and social network scholars. Unfortunately, few empirical data sets exist that have sufficient data to fully explore evolution dynamics. Increasingly, more and more online data sets are used in lieu of offline, face-to-face data. The veracities of these findings are questionable, however, because there are few studies exploring the similarity of online-offline dynamics. The IkeNet project investigated online and offline network evolution. Empirical data was collected on a group of 22 mid-career military officers going through a one-year graduate program. Data collection included email communication collected from the Exchange server, as well as self-reported friendship, and time spent together, over a course of 20 weeks. Numerous attribute data on the individual actors was collected from their military personnel files. The data allows network scholars to conduct research into the dynamics of network evolution and allows educators a real-world example data set for use in classroom instruction.
Winter Wheat Phenology Simulations Improve when Adding Responses to Water Stress
Authors: McMaster Gregory S. , Edmunds Debora A. , Marquez Roger , Haley Scott , Buchleiter Gerald , Byrne Patrick , Green Timothy R. , Erskine Rob , Lighthart Nathan , Kipka Holm , Fox Fred , Wagner Larry , Tatarko John , Moragues Marc , Ascough Jim
Published: June 2019

Phenology is critical in simulating crop production and hydrology and must be sufficiently robust to respond to varying environments, soils, and management practices. Phenological algorithms typically focus on the air temperature response function and rarely quantify the phenological responses to varying water deficits, particularly for versions of the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model (EPIC)‐based plant growth component used in many agroecosystem models. Three EPIC‐based plant growth components (Soil Water Assessment Tool [SWAT], Wind Erosion Prediction System [WEPS], and the Unified Plant Growth Model [UPGM]) have been incorporated into the spatially distributed Agricultural Ecosystems Services model [AgES], and only the UPGM includes a phenological response to varying water deficits. These three plant components were used to evaluate the phenological responses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to varying water deficits and whether having a water stress factor in UPGM improves the simulation of phenology. A 3‐yr irrigation study and a 4‐yr study across a rainfed landscape were used in the evaluation. Only the UPGM simulated all five of the developmental stagesmeasured. The UPGM was the only component that simulated a phenological response to variable water deficits, resulting in better prediction of phenology. For example, the RMSE (days) and relative error (RE, days) decreased and index of agreement (d) increased in predicting maturity from SWAT (RMSE = 18.4; RE = 9.2; d = 0.34) to WEPS (RMSE = 6.2; RE = 1.0, d = 0.63) to the UPGM (RMSE = 6.1; RE = 0.1; d = 0.70). Incorporating phenological responses to varying water deficits improves the accuracy and robustness of predicting phenology, which is particularly important in spatially distributed agroecosystem models.

Core Ideas

Phenology is critical in accurately simulating crop production and hydrology.

The AgES watershed model evaluated three EPIC‐based plant growth components.

Only UPGM was able to simulate phenological responses to varying water deficits.

The results promote more robust simulation of phenology in varying environments.
Costa, Hipólito José. Diário da Minha Viagem a Filadélfia, 1798-1799. Ed. Alcino Pedrosa. Lisboa: Imprensa de Ciências Sociais, 2007.
Authors: Monteiro Pedro Meira
Published: June 2019

Em sua “Introdução” aos diários escritos por Hipólito José da Costa durante sua viagem aos Estados Unidos no fim do século XVIII, Alcino Pedrosa lembra que, por carregar o “estigma” de “mero relato de viagem” (28), o texto fora empurrado por mais de cem anos para a seção de manuscritos da Biblioteca Pública de Évora, até que Alceu Amoroso Lima o descobrisse e publicasse em 1955.
Moutinho, Isabel. The Colonial Wars in Contemporary Portuguese Fiction. Woodbridge, UK: Tamesis, 2008.
Authors: Rothwell Phillip
Published: June 2019

Moutinho’s work combines such an original approach to the subject with such rigorous and thoughtful referencing of secondary criticism that I cannot envision teaching or writing about any of these works again without drawing heavily on her contribution. Indeed, the book is structured perfectly so that readers can focus on only the particular close reading in which they are interested on any occasion, while following a logical, narrative flow that entices them to begin at the beginning and read right through to the end. Its usefulness, particularly in the anglophone university setting, is both as the first monograph in English to tackle the subject, and also because of the meticulous way in which Moutinho explains cultural references and intertextual allusions, revealing an immense erudition in Comparative Literature.
Simon, Robert. Understanding the Portuguese Poet Joaquim Pessoa, 1942-2007: A Study in Iberian Cultural Hybridity. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2008.
Authors: Ladeira António
Published: June 2019

In his book, Simon proceeds from several ambitious— although legitimate—premises. He claims that since the 1970s postmodernism has been one of the most defining (and unchanging) traits of the lyrical tradition of Portugal and Spain and, most interestingly, that both during the Portuguese and the Spanish dictatorships these postmodern characteristics constituted deconstructive and self-referential symptoms of subversive intentions behind apparently esoteric writings.
Wasserman, Bonnie S. Cinema for Portuguese Conversation. Newburyport, MA: Focus Publishing, 2009.
Authors: Silva Gláucia V.
Published: June 2019

Cinema for Portuguese Conversation, written in Brazilian Portuguese, presents a series of activities which lead to discussion and analysis (if somewhat superficial) of each movie. The textbook is designed for intermediate and advanced students, as explained in the introduction. It presents a total of 14 movies grouped into five different sections that reflect themes such as urban violence, political transition, and the sertão.
Important factors for the entrepreneurship in Central Europe
Authors: Dvorský Ján , Petráková Zora , Çera Gentjan , Folvarčna Andrea
Published: June 2019

The aim of this article is to define and quantify the significant factors (social environment, access to the financial resources and macroeconomic environment), which determine the perception of the entrepreneurial propensity of students for starting a new business in the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Poland in academic year 2016/2017. Empirical research was realized through questionnaire on the basis of 1,352 students (more than 1%level of significance) of the economic universities in the last year of their study in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Poland. The statistical hypotheses were verified using multiple linear regression modelling. The results showed that the entrepreneurial propensity of students in all countries is mostly affected by the social environment. Czech students gave the social environment higher impact on the entrepreneurial propensity for starting a new business than Polish and Slovak students. The results indicate that access to the financial resources is also important for the entrepreneurial propensity of students in the Czech Republic. As for Polish and Slovak students, the access to the financial resources is not a significant factor to the entrepreneurial propensity in their countries. The results having been processed are the basic information for the academic community, public sector, ministry of education in the country, and other organizations whose effort is to help the students to start a new business in her/his country.
Increasing Economic Interdependence between China and ASEAN and Its Implications
Authors: Ting Wai
Published: June 2019

This paper aims to study the problems and issues of China's relations with ASEAN, which has achieved the establishment of ASEAN Economic Community by 2015. Taking into consideration the institutional framework constituted by the multiple agreements signed between China and ASEAN, how will the development of China-ASEAN relations be influenced by increasing economic interdependence between the two? What will be the difficulties ahead in enhancing trade and investments? Does promoting economic cooperation lead to more mutual trust in the political-strategic arena? China's recent policy in developing "one belt, one road", and Chinese relations to the US-led Trans-Pacific Partnership and their implications to ASEAN will also be examined in this paper.
ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) in Conflict Prevention: The Role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)
Authors: Indrawan Jerry
Published: June 2019

In the end of 2015, ASEAN Community will be fully implemented in Southeast Asia. The community will bring ASEAN countries to the next stage of cooperation in order to bring prosperity to the region. However, several obstacles still have to be faced by ASEAN. Territorial dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia, Thailand and Cambodia concerning Preah Temple, Malaysia with The Phillipines over Sabah, etc are some of the problems. Other problems related to South China Sea, even involving five ASEAN members on dispute. Although it is clear that member of ASEAN countries agree to settle their problems according to ASEAN mechanism as the most respective organization in the region, on several occasions they prefer to take it bilaterally or bring it to the Hague. The assumption of non-interference principle as the organization conflict solving mechanism does not apply accordingly. As such, we have to find other ways. Peace can only be achieved through closer relations between ASEAN countries. Closer relation creates better understanding between people within those countries. If “high level” (G to G) conflict resolution does not work, we have to turn to the people. Closer relations among its people will be a “grass root’ power to force the government to end their dispute. This paper will examine how ASEAN Socio-Culture Community (ASCC), alongside CSO’s within them, will work in creating closer relations among ASEAN countries, in order to solve disputes in the region.Key words: ASEAN Community, ASEAN Socio-Culture Community, Dispute, Civil Society Organizations (CSO).
The Shift and Continuity of Japanese Defense Policy: Revolutionary Enough?
Authors: Santoso Ria Putri , Perwita Anak Agung Banyu
Published: June 2019

The security environment in East Asia has continuously evolved, particularly, China’s maritime expansion and DPRK’s provocative behavior. Japan, with its military being limited by its Peace Constitution, has been steadily shifting its defense policy to respond to its strategic environment for the past three of its Prime Ministers: Naoto Kan, Yoshihiko Noda, and Shinzo Abe. Historical enmities, military capability, as well as territorial disputes have increased the threats of Japan’s neighbors to Tokyo’s national security. Since 2010, Japan has established a National Defense Program Guideline (NDPG), shifted its defense strategy from the Basic Defence Force (kibanteki boei ryoko) to Dynamic Defense Force (doeki boei ryoko), revised its Three Principles on Arms Exports, created the National Security Council (NSC), the National Security Strategy (NSS), and the Medium Term Defense Program (MDTP), and revised its article 9 of its Peace Constitution. While the NSC, NSS, MDTP, and article 9 are under the Abe administration, the claim that the steps Abe have undertaken to be revolutionary is in fact, a continuity from his predecessors despite coming from opposing political backgrounds. Despite of several significant changes in its defense policy, Japan still abides to its Constitution and its military is still limited.
ASEAN’s Role in Shaping Nuclear Security Future in the Region
Authors: Anggitta Mutti
Published: June 2019

The objective of this essay is to discuss the potential future of nuclear security in Southeast Asia by examining the roles of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in establishing and maintaining regional cooperation on nuclear security. This essay will first outline nuclear renaissance and security challenges in the region. It will then discuss the steps that have been taken and could be taken by ASEAN to lead the region to a safer nuclear security future.
The Rohingya Muslim in the Land of Pagoda
Authors: Winarni Leni
Published: June 2019

Regarding Southeast Asia as a multi-ethnics region, this paper attempts to examine about why Buddhist Community turns into religious violence against Rohingyas in the State of Rakhine (formerly known as Arakan). Through understanding the triggers of conflicts, this paper applies historical perspective to analyze why ethnic-religious conflict occur nowadays between Buddhist and Rohingya in Myanmar. This paper also discusses how the influence of history has constructed the government’s policy under military regime to exclude Rohingya. However, the ethno-religious conflict is either an indication of a weak state or failure state in managing diversity.Key words: Ethnic-
Sub-National Government and the Problem of Unequal Development in ASEAN Economic Integration: Case of Indonesia
Authors: Suman Agus , Killian Pantri Muthriana Erza , Pinatih Ni Komang Desy Arya
Published: June 2019

Economic integration, as a prevalent phenomenon in contemporary international relations, brings with it several problems including in the practice of development. Krapohl & Fink (2013) argue that regional integration can follow three different developmental paths which are intra-regional interdependence, extra-regional dependence and intra-regional asymmetries and hence regional integration can actually reinforce current situations rather than changing it. With regards to this, ASEAN is following the second path, creating a reliance on external actors and thus requiring member states to be highly competitive in the global level. However, this strategy ignores an important element, the intra-national development gap, since ASEAN is mostly focused in overcoming the intra-regional gap. This paper therefore seeks to elaborate the problem of increasing intra-national development gap due to regional integration by using Indonesia as a case study. The findings show that regional integration in Indonesia can actually widen the national development gap due to three main reasons. First, ASEAN integration is highly top-down in nature, thus limiting the role of Indonesia’s sub-national governments (SNGs) and private actors in the process; second, differing capacity of Indonesia’s sub-national governments to engage in IR provides higher opportunities for some while creating hindrances for others and lastly, the high transactional cost of intra-national economic activities in Indonesia causes the benefits of economic integration to be highly concentrated in one area. Therefore, there needs to be a larger role for SNGs in regional integration particularly in the most underpriviliged area of Indonesia.
Higher Education Integration in ASEAN: ASEAN University Network Case
Authors: Rezasyah Teuku , Konety Neneng , Rifawan Affabile , Wardhana Wahyu
Published: June 2019

Higher education has an important role in the region’s economic growth, with talents and   ideas developing in the process. ASEAN University Network (AUN) is the institution that facilitates cooperation among ASEAN universities and beyond. This research attempts to describe the role of AUN in enhancing regional integration in the higher education sector in ASEAN. This research uses qualitative method to get depth information and the bigger picture in the governance of AUN’s role and mechanism in regional integration of higher education system. The results of this research showed that AUN helped enhancing regional cooperation.
The Higher Education Dimension in East Asian Regionalism: A Two-tier Analysis of International Co-authorship Patterns in the ASEAN Plus Three
Authors: Gill Oliver
Published: June 2019

The AUN and ASEAN+3 UNet have both sought to promote the development of a distinct higher education research community within Southeast Asia and East Asia, respectively. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, it aims to assess the success of these organisations in delivering against this aim, reviewed against inter-regional comparators. Secondly, the paper undertakes an assessment of which countries (if any) might be predominant in driving this agenda forward, at the intra-regional level. In both levels of the investigation, a statistical analysis of changes in international co-authorship patterns across time is utilised as the means of assessing the question at hand. In accordance with the paper’s core hypotheses, the findings indicate broad fulfilment of the AUN and ASEAN+3 UNet’s objectives, although it seems that efforts directed at building an East Asian research community have been comparatively more successful than those directed specifically at Southeast Asia. It is also found that, in a relative sense, South Korea is acting as a principal locus for higher educational regionalisation. The paper concludes by considering the implications of the analysis for East Asian higher education regionalism, with the contention being that the establishment of the aforementioned research communities provides a robust basis for the development of more formal integrative measures.
Environmental Studies of English School: Case Study of Forest Fires in Indonesia and Transboundary Haze in Southeast Asia
Authors: Yani Yanyan Mochamad , Robertua Verdinand
Published: June 2019

Despite of its advantages in social dimension, English School still has limited articles on environmental issues. Many global ecological crisis has been dealt with constructivism and green theory because the failure of English Scholars to adopt new norms such as climate responsibility, sustainable development and environmental justice. This article would like to highlight the synthesis of the normative tensions and the regional studies within the environmental studies of English School using the case study of Indonesia ratification to ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. Pluralism and solidarism will be the conceptual instruments in criticizing the blindness of environmental analysis in the English School communities and also constructing the environmental-friendly English School theory. There are two main conclusions in this article. Firstly, Indonesia ratification of ASEAN Agreement of Transboundary Haze Pollution, the emergence of domestic environmental legislation and the adoption of environmental responsibility marked the end of pluralist hegemony in environmental studies. Secondly, Indonesia ratification of AATHP is one of the foundations of regional environmental governance in Southeast Asia.
Night Market from H. Lefebvre’s Space as Practiced: The Case of Davao City, Philippines
Authors: Pavo Raymundo Restor
Published: June 2019

This paper explores the Roxas Night Market in Davao City as practiced space. Guided by Lefebvre’s (1991) notion of space, the night market is a result of actual and evolving activities of vendors as they subsist in the area for their livelihood, interpret and apply the rules set by the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Davao, and manage their spaces as response to emerging experiences such as the three-month rule of the LGU, and bomb blast in 2016. Given that vendors try to maximize their lot and capitalize on their experiences as survivors of bombing incident, they have demonstrated ways of extending their stay in the night market and invoked their new-found identity as symbols of resilience. Such actuations, in turn, reveal the vendors’ creativity and capacity to rise above the rules of the LGU, and the bombing incident. When gleaned from the perspective of Foucault’s power as discipline and transcendence (1977), the way vendors convert the night market into an arena of practice also underscores their agency to conversely discipline the LGU by demanding that the city administration should do its task in securing the area and provide alternative spaces for the increasing number of vendors in the City.
The Unbreakable Relations Between Indonesia-Vietnam Post “Sink the Vessels” Policy: A Complex Systems Approach
Authors: Kantaprawira Rusadi , Bainus Arry , Kusumawardhana Indra
Published: June 2019

The vibrant bilateral relations between Indonesia-Vietnam has been tested by the Sink the Vessels policy, a robust measure executed by Indonesia to tackle rampant illegal fishing that encroach Indonesian waters. The policy has caused in the demolition of, among else, Vietnamese fishing vessels; and has also led to near-clash and incidents at sea. Despite these, both countries bilateral relations were far from hostile condition, and uphold their neighbourly relations to manage the illegal fishing problem. How Could Indonesia’s foreign policy action did not further exacerbate Indonesia-Vietnam relations post “Sink the Vessels” policy? To tackle our question, this article probes to describe the complex systems that interwoven Indonesia and Vietnam during the rising tension. We argue that the complex systems encapsulated Indonesia – Vietnam relations post “Sink the Vessels” policy consist of symbol system, interest system, and role system that maintain their friendly bilateral relations, even in the turbulence ocean. This article exposes that Indonesia-Vietnam responds to tackle the problem stems primarily from the linkage between the three systems to escape the security dilemma.
The Dynamics of Paradiplomacy Practices in the “Frontier” Areas in Indonesia
Authors: Surwandono Surwandono
Published: June 2019

In the last few decades, the practice of paradiplomacy in Indonesia has increased across the country. The paradiplomacy policy was commonly conducted by local governments in Indonesia since the collapse of the centralized-New Order regime followed by political reformation in various sectors. Decentralization is the main issue that demand local government to be more active and to manage the region properly. The opportunity to boost international partners is very open under the new norm that pave the way to the practice of paradiplomacy including in the frontier areas in Indonesia. This research focuses on the thwo important areas in the frontier Indonesia namely, Riau Island, West Kalimantan and Maluku. Nevertheless, in fact, the so-called “ceremonial” paradiplomacy blatantly practiced amid of the tighten and very bureaucratic barrier including obstacles on the budget implementation. This is qualitative research with discourse analysis which so important to understand paradiplomacy practices notably in the frontier areas in Indonesia that in some extent are vulnerable to the separatism issues in the central government in Jakarta.