bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient-Reported Outcomes After Vestibular Implantation for Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction
Authors: Ayiotis Andrianna I. , Schoo Desi P. , Fernandez Brillet Celia , Lane Kelly E. , Carey John P. , Della Santina Charles C.
Published: February 2024

Importance

Standard-of-care treatment proves inadequate for many patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH). Vestibular implantation is an emerging alternative.

Objective

To examine patient-reported outcomes from prosthetic vestibular stimulation.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The Multichannel Vestibular Implant (MVI) Early Feasibility Study is an ongoing prospective, nonrandomized, single-group, single-center cohort study conducted at Johns Hopkins Hospital that has been active since 2016 in which participants serve as their own controls. The study includes adults with severe or profound adult-onset BVH for at least 1 year and inadequate compensation despite standard-of-care treatment. As of March 2023, 12 candidates completed the eligibility screening process.

Intervention

The MVI system electrically stimulates semicircular canal branches of the vestibular nerve to convey head rotation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Patient-reported outcome instruments assessing dizziness (Dizziness Handicap Inventory [DHI]) and vestibular-related disability (Vestibular Disorders–Activities of Daily Living [VADL]). Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) assessed using the Short Form-36 Utility (SF36U) and Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3), from which quality-adjusted life-years were computed.

Results

Ten individuals (5 female [50%]; mean [SD] age, 58.5 [5.0] years; range, 51-66 years) underwent unilateral implantation. A control group of 10 trial applicants (5 female [50%]; mean [SD] age, 55.1 [8.5] years; range, 42-73 years) completed 6-month follow-up surveys after the initial application. After 0.5 years of continuous MVI use, a pooled mean (95% CI) of within-participant changes showed improvements in dizziness (DHI, −36; 95% CI, −55 to −18), vestibular disability (VADL, −1.7; 95% CI, −2.6 to −0.7), and HRQOL by SF36U (0.12; 95% CI, 0.07-0.17) but not HUI3 (0.02; 95% CI, −0.22 to 0.27). Improvements exceeded minimally important differences in the direction of benefit (exceeding 18, 0.65, and 0.03, respectively, for DHI, VADL, and SF36U). The control group reported no mean change in dizziness (DHI, −4; 95% CI, −10 to 2), vestibular disability (VADL, 0.1; 95% CI, −0.9 to 1.1) or HRQOL per SF36U (0; 95% CI, −0.06 to 0.05) but an increase in HRQOL per HUI3 (0.10; 95% CI, 0.04-0.16). Lifetime HRQOL gain for MVI users was estimated to be 1.7 quality-adjusted life-years (95% CI, 0.6-2.8) using SF36U and 1.4 (95% CI, −1.2 to 4.0) using HUI3.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that vestibular implant recipients report vestibular symptom improvements not reported by a control group. These patient-reported benefits support the use of vestibular implantation as a treatment for bilateral vestibular hypofunction.
Rapid Solid‐State Gas Sensing Realized via Fast K+ Transport Kinetics in Earth Abundant Rock‐Silicates
Authors: Khoshkalam Mohamad , Farzin Yousef Alizad , Sjølin Benjamin Heckscher , Spezzati Chiara , Holtappels Peter , Castelli Ivano E. , Sudireddy Bhaskar Reddy
Published: February 2024

Here we report on the discovery of a novel fast potassium super stoichiometric silicate, with fully earth‐abundant nominal chemical composition of K2+xMg1−x/2SiO4, which exhibits near superionic K+ conductivity, up to 5 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature. Fast K+ conduction is attributed to a high Continuous Symmetry Measure value in K‐polyhedrons, coupled with a low packing ratio of Corner‐Sharing‐framework. This is the first time that such a high conductivity is measured by a rock‐silicate formed only by abundant metal ions. K2+xMg1−x/2SiO4 displays excellent stability under air and humidity, which renders it a very promising candidate for economical fabrication of electrochemical devices such as potentiometric gas sensors. We demonstrated this by fabricating a gas sensor for SO2 detection, as the first demonstration of type III potentiometric gas sensors using K+ conductors. At 500 °C and SO2 concentrations in the range of 0–10 ppm, the sensor exhibited high sensitivities (69–72 mV dec−1), robust signal output (220 mV for 2 ppm of SO2), fast response times (1–6 min), and excellent stability in ambient condition.
Hofmeister Effect‐Assisted Facile One‐Pot Fabrication of Double Network Organohydrogels with Exceptional Multi‐Functions
Authors: Yu Deshuai , Yi Jia , Zhu Shuihong , Tang Yonghua , Huang Yanyan , Lin Da , Lin Youhui
Published: February 2024

Multi‐functional hydrogels have gained attention for their potential as smart materials in diverse applications. However, most established design principles and fabrication methods are considered as convoluted and ineffective. Here, by using a simple one‐pot and efficient method, a novel PAAm/Gelatin/Ammonium sulfate organohydrogel (PGAOH) with exceptional multifunctionality, including anti‐freezing properties, excellent conductivity, remarkable stability, free‐shapeable, sensitivity, elasticity, high transparency, and resistance to drying is developed. In this system, it is surprisingly discovered that in the presence of acrylamide molecules, gelatin can disperse well in high‐concentration salting‐out solutions, significantly shorten the preparation time for the gel, allows for precise control of gel volume. More importantly, acrylamide can form another polyacrylamide network, further enhancing the mechanical properties of the PGAOH. Additionally, the introduction of glycerol notably improved the environmental stability of the PGAOH and effectively enhanced its mechanical properties and transparency. These innovative combinations result in PGAOH possessing exceptional multifunctionality, demonstrated by its successful application in a wireless virtual reality (VR) gaming device.
Recent Development and Future Frontiers of Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Neutral Media and Seawater
Authors: Vo Truong‐Giang , Gao Jiajian , Liu Yan
Published: February 2024

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in neutral media is of great importance due to its potential to optimize energy generation and storage application. With the increasing urgency for sustainable and efficient energy solutions, comprehensively understanding and enhancing ORR performance in such media have become crucial. This review aims to shed light on this critical yet challenging area. This review encapsulates the fundamental principle of ORR and the latest breakthrough in the field of electrocatalysts, with a distinct focus on innovative synthesis strategies for creating novel, efficient, and robust electrocatalysts. A succinct evaluation of the strengths, limitations, performance, and reaction mechanism is presented. The essential findings are analyzed and their implications for future research directions. Finally, an outlook on current advances, challenges, and future research recommendations is provided. This review serves as a stepping‐stone toward harnessing the underutilizing energy potential within the extensive aquatic environment.
Self‐Sterilizing Microneedle Sensing Patches for Machine Learning‐Enabled Wound pH Visual Monitoring
Authors: Xiao Jingyu , Zhou Zhongzeng , Zhong Geng , Xu Tailin , Zhang Xueji
Published: February 2024

The skin, as the body's largest organ, is closely linked to an individual's health. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of skin infections can lead to complications such as non‐healing wounds and sepsis. Despite significant, early identification of wound infections and timely treatment of non‐healing wounds remain a challenge that requires continuous management. This work presents a novel strategy that combines smart microneedle sensing to inhibit wound infection and track wound healing status. The microneedle tip based on metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) hydrogel allows rapid self‐sterilization and promotes wound healing. The substrate of the microneedle patch based on pH–sensitive fluorescent reagents, can integrate with a smartphone to visualize images. Furthermore, it can be further reliably evaluated wound pH by applying a machine‐learning algorithm. The multifunctional microneedle sensing patch establishes a strategy that combines therapy and sensing to address delayed wound management, promotes the design and optimization of MOF hydrogels, and contributes a facile way for disease diagnosis and personalized health management.
Memory‐Processing‐Display Integrated Hardware with All‐In‐One Structure for Intelligent Image Processing
Authors: Shan Liuting , Yu Rengjian , Chen Zhenjia , Zhang Xianghong , Gao Changsong , Lian Minrui , Hu Yuanyuan , Guo Tailiang , Chen Huipeng
Published: February 2024

Empowering displays with intelligent functions enables their application in intelligent image processing and intelligent interactive displays, which is the combination of future display and artificial intelligence technologies. However, existing display technologies face significant processing and transmission burdens due to their conventional hardware separation architecture, which separates memory from the processor and display module from the processing module. To address these challenges, a highly integrated memory‐ processing‐display intelligent light‐emitting hardware (MPDIH) capable of information generation, memory, processing, and visualization is proposed. The MPDIH, based on an organic light‐sensitive layer and activated by ultraviolet light irradiation, exhibits unique photoinhibition behavior attributed to the reverse light‐induced electric field formed by the directional arrangement of photo‐generated excitons. This behavior enables dynamic regulation and autonomous learning during the device training process. Leveraging this phenomenon, intelligent image processing is successfully demonstrated, achieving a significant contrast improvement with a maximum enhancement of 261% compared to unprocessed raw signals. Furthermore, the memory‐processing‐display intelligent image processing scheme enables fashion MNIST image recognition using an artificial neural network, and achieves noticeably higher recognition accuracy (>89%) compared to the original fuzzy images (<59%). Consequently, the proposed memory‐processing‐display intelligent light‐emitting hardware holds promise for future applications in integrated photonic systems and interactive artificial intelligence displays.
Mn Single‐Atom Nanozyme Functionalized 3D‐Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds for Enhanced Antibacterial Activity and Bone Regeneration
Authors: Gao Zongyan , Song Zhenyu , Guo Rong , Zhang Meng , Wu Jiamin , Pan Mingzhu , Du Qiuzheng , He Yaping , Wang Xuanzong , Gao Li , Jin Yi , Jing Ziwei , Zheng Jia
Published: February 2024

Infective bone defect is increasingly threatening human health. How to achieve the optimal antibacterial activity and regenerative repair of infective bone defect simultaneously is a huge challenge in clinic. Herein, this work reports a rational integration of Mn single‐atom nanozyme into the 3D‐printed bioceramic scaffolds (Mn/HSAE@BCP scaffolds). The integrated Mn/HSAE@BCP scaffolds can catalyze the conversion of H2O2 to produce hydroxyl radical (•OH) and superoxide anion (O2•−) through cascade reaction. Besides, the prominent thermal conversion efficiency of Mn/HSAE@BCP scaffolds can be utilized for sonodynamic therapy (SDT). The synergetic strategy of chemodynamic therapy (CDT)/SDT enables the sufficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) or Escherichia coli (E. coli). Furthermore, the enhanced antibacterial efficacy of Mn/HSAE@BCP scaffolds is beneficial to upregulate the expression of osteogenesis‐related markers (such as collagen 1(COL1), Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteoprotegerin (OPG)) in vitro and further promote bone regeneration in vivo. The results demonstrate the good potential of Mn/HSAE@BCP scaffolds for the enhanced antibacterial activity and bone regeneration, which provide an effective method for the treatment of clinical infective bone defect.
Reversible Mechanical Contraception and Endometriosis Treatment Using Stimuli‐Responsive Hydrogels
Authors: Anthis Alexandre H.C. , Kilchenmann Samuel , Murdeu Manon , LeValley Paige J. , Wolf Morris , Meyer Charlotte , Cipolato Oscar , Tibbitt Mark W. , Rosendorf Jachym , Liska Vaclav , Rduch Thomas , Herrmann Inge K.
Published: February 2024

Female sterilization via fallopian tube ligation is a common procedure; However, after the operation, over 10% of women seek re‐fertilization, which is frequently unsuccessful. In addition, there is evidence that fallopian tubes contribute to the spread of endometriotic tissue as they serve as channels for proinflammatory media entering the abdominal cavity via retrograde menstruation. Here, stimuli‐degradable hydrogel implants are presented for the functional, biocompatible, and reversible occlusion of fallopian tubes. The hydrogel implants, designed with customized swelling properties, mechanically occlude fallopian tubes in a high‐performance manner with burst pressures reaching 255–558 mmHg, exceeding normal abdominal pressures (95 mmHg). Their damage‐free removal can be achieved within 30 min using near‐visible UV light or a glutathione solution, employing a method akin to standard fallopian tube perfusion diagnostics. Ultrasound‐guided implant placement is demonstrated using a clinical hysteroscope in a human‐scale uterus model and biocompatibility in a porcine in vivo model. Importantly, the prevention of live sperm as well as endometrial cell passage through blocked fallopian tubes is demonstrated. Overall, a multifunctional system is presented that constitutes a possible means of on‐demand, reversible contraception along with the first‐ever mechanical approach to abdominal endometriosis prevention and treatment.
Achieving Clearance of Drug‐Resistant Bacterial Infection and Rapid Cutaneous Wound Regeneration Using an ROS‐Balancing‐Engineered Heterojunction
Authors: Geng Chong , He Shuai , Yu Sheng , Johnson Hannah M. , Shi Hongxing , Chen Yanbai , Chan Yau Kei , He Wenxuan , Qin Miao , Li Xiao , Deng Yi
Published: February 2024

Intractable infected microenvironments caused by drug‐resistant bacteria stalls the normal course of wound healing. Sono‐piezodynamic therapy (SPT) is harnessed to combat pathogenic bacteria, but the superabundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during SPT inevitably provoke severe inflammatory response, hindering tissue regeneration. Consequently, an intelligent nanocatalytic membrane composed of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and black phosphorus /V2C MXene bio‐heterojunctions (2D2‐bioHJs) is devised. Under ultrasonication, 2D2‐bioHJs effectively eliminate drug‐resistant bacteria by disrupting metabolism and electron transport chain (ETC). When ultrasonication ceases, they enable the elimination of SPT‐generated ROS. The 2D2‐bioHJs act as a “lever” that effectively achieves a balance between ROS generation and annihilation, delivering both antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory properties to the engineered membrane. More importantly, in vivo assays corroborate that the nanocatalytic membranes transform the stalled chronic wound environment into a regenerative one by eradicating the bacterial population, dampening the NF‐κB inflammatory pathway and promoting angiogenesis. As envisaged, this work demonstrates a novel tactic to arm membranes with programmed antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory effects to remedy refractory infected wounds from drug‐fast bacteria.
Growth Control of InP/ZnSe Heterostructured Nanocrystals
Authors: Shin Doyoon , Lee Hak June , Jung Dongju , Chae Jong Ah , Park Jeong Woo , Lim Jaemin , Im Seongbin , Min Sejong , Hwang Euyheon , Lee Doh C. , Park Young‐Shin , Chang Jun Hyuk , Park Kyoungwon , Kim Junki , Park Ji‐Sang , Bae Wan Ki
Published: February 2024

The morphology of heterostructured semiconductor nanocrystals (h‐NCs) dictates the spatial distribution of charge carriers and their recombination dynamics and/or transport, which are the main performance indicators of photonic applications utilizing h‐NCs. The inability to control the morphology of heterovalent III‐V/II‐VI h‐NCs composed of heavy‐metal‐free elements hinders their practical use. As a case study of III‐V/II‐VI h‐NCs, the growth control of ZnSe epilayers on InP NCs is demonstrated here. The anisotropic morphology in InP/ZnSe h‐NCs is attributed to the facet‐dependent energy costs for the growth of ZnSe epilayers on different facets of InP NCs, and effective chemical means for controlling the growth rates of ZnSe on different surface planes are demonstrated. Ultimately, this article capitalizes on the controlled morphology of InP/ZnSe h‐NCs to expand their photophysical characteristics from stable and pure emission to environment‐sensitive one, which will facilitate their use in a variety of photonic applications.
Catalytic Nanodots‐Driven Pyroptosis Suppression in Nucleus Pulposus for Antioxidant Intervention of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Sun Kaiqiang , Yan Chen , Dai Xinyue , Shi Yangyang , Li Fudong , Chen Liang , Sun Jingchuan , Chen Yu , Shi Jiangang
Published: February 2024

Low back pain resulting from intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent global concern; however, its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Single‐cell sequencing analyses revealed the critical involvement of pyroptosis in IVDD. Considering the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the primary instigator of pyroptosis and the lack of an efficient intervention approach, this study developed carbonized Mn‐containing nanodots (MCDs) as ROS‐scavenging catalytic biomaterials to suppress pyroptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells to efficiently alleviate IVDD. Catalytic MCDs have superior efficacy in scavenging intracellular ROS and rescuing homeostasis in the NP microenvironment compared with N‐acetylcysteine, a classical antioxidant. The data validates that pyroptosis plays a vital role in mediating the protective effects of catalytic MCDs against oxidative stress. Systematic in vivo assessments substantiate the effectiveness of MCDs in rescuing a puncture‐induced IVDD rat model, further demonstrating their ability to suppress pyroptosis. This study highlights the potential of antioxidant catalytic nanomedicine as a pyroptosis inhibitor and mechanistically unveils an efficient strategy for the treatment of IVDD.
Synthesis of Vinyl and 1,3‐Dienyl Sulfones Enabled by Photochemical Excitation of Halogen‐Bonding Complexes
Authors: Piedra Helena F. , Valdés Carlos , Plaza Manuel
Published: February 2024

The photochemical catalyst‐free radical‐based synthesis of vinyl and 1,3‐dienyl sulfones is disclosed. Mechanistic investigations support that the transformations rely on a visible‐light‐promoted activation of a halogen‐bonding complex, which is formed between an alkenyl (or 1,3‐dienyl) bromide and a sodium sulfinate salt. The reactions exhibit a wide functional group tolerance (compatible with heteroatoms, electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups), finding application in the structural modification of biologically relevant molecules. Eventually, a continuous flow protocol was developed to upscale these transformations.
Efficacy and safety of daratumumab with ixazomib and dexamethasone in lenalidomide‐exposed patients after one prior line of therapy: Final results of the phase 2 study DARIA
Authors: Terpos Evangelos , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Katodritou Eirini , Hatjiharissi Evdoxia , Malandrakis Panagiotis , Verrou Evgenia , Golfinopoulos Stavros , Migkou Magdalini , Manousou Kyriaki , Delimpasi Sosana , Symeonidis Argiris , Kastritis Efstathios , Dimopoulos Meletios A.
Published: February 2024

The use of lenalidomide in frontline therapy for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) has increased the number of those who become refractory to lenalidomide at second line. In this context, we assessed the efficacy of daratumumab in combination with ixazomib and dexamethasone (Dara‐Ixa‐dex) in the prospective phase 2 study DARIA. Eligible patients had relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) after one prior line with a lenalidomide‐based regimen. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included survival outcomes, safety and changes in biomarkers of bone metabolism. Overall, 50 patients were enrolled (median age 69 years, 56% males). 32 (64%) patients were refractory to lenalidomide, and 17 (34%) had undergone autologous transplant. The ORR was 64% (n = 32); whereas 17 (34%) had a very good partial response or better. The median time to first response was 1.0 month. After a median follow‐up of 23.4 months, the median PFS and OS were 8.1 and 39.2 months, respectively. Furthermore, significant changes in markers of bone metabolism became evident as early as at 6 months on treatment. Regarding safety, 21 (42%) patients had ≥1 grade 3/4 adverse event (AE); the most common was thrombocytopenia (n = 9, 18%). 14 (28%) patients had ≥1 serious AE (SAE), the most common being acute kidney injury and pneumonia (n = 2, each). Four patients died due to infections. In conclusion, second‐line treatment with Dara‐Ixa‐dex in patients with RRMM pre‐treated with a lenalidomide‐based regimen resulted in rapid responses along with a favorable effect on bone metabolism.
PUF60 loss‐of‐function with normal cognition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of Klippel–Feil syndrome
Authors: Bach Michal Yacobi , Miron Sivan Reytan , Kurolap Alina , Feldman Hagit Baris
Published: February 2024

Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS) has a genetically heterogeneous phenotype with six known genes, exhibiting both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns. PUF60 is a nucleic acid‐binding protein, which is involved in a number of nuclear processes, including pre‐mRNA splicing, apoptosis, and transcription regulation. Pathogenic variants in this gene have been described in Verheij syndrome due to either 8q24.3 microdeletion or PUF60 single‐nucleotide variants. PUF60‐associated conditions usually include intellectual disability, among other findings, some overlapping KFS; however, PUF60 is not classically referred to as a KFS gene. Here, we describe a 6‐year‐old female patient with clinically diagnosed KFS and normal cognition, who harbors a heterozygous de novo variant in the PUF60 gene (c.1179del, p.Ile394Serfs*7). This is a novel frameshift variant, which is predicted to result in a premature stop codon. Clinically, our patient demonstrates a pattern of malformations that matches reported cases of PUF60 variants; however, unlike most others, she has no clear learning difficulties. In light of these findings, we propose that PUF60 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of KFS and that normal cognition should not exclude its testing.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation of N‐Aryl‐2‐aminopyridines and Alkynes toward N‐(2‐Pyridyl)indoles
Authors: Guo Wenting , Hu Weiming , Zhang Xinyu , Huang Jiali , Wang Huiyan , Xia Ming , Tao Li
Published: February 2024

A Pd‐catalyzed formal [3+2] oxidative annulation of N‐aryl‐2‐aminopyridines and alkynes through pyridyl group directed C−H activation has been developed. This methodology provides a mild and atom‐economic approach for the efficient synthesis of highly substituted indoles in moderate to good yields, which features with mild reaction conditions, good functional group compatibility, operational simplicity and easy scale‐up.
Vacancies‐regulated Prussian Blue Analogues through Precipitation Conversion for Cathodes in Sodium‐ion Batteries with Energy Densities over 500 Wh/kg
Authors: Liu Jiahe , Wang Yichao , Jiang Ning , Wen Bo , Yang Cheng , Liu Yu
Published: February 2024

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have been widely applied in many fields, especially as cathode materials of sodium‐ion batteries on account of their low cost and open framework for fast ions transport. However, the capacity of reported PBAs has a great distance from its theoretical value. Herein, we proposed that [Fe(CN)6] vacancies are crucial point for the high specific capacity for the first time. The [Fe(CN)6] vacancies may create net electrons and reduce obstacles to ionic transport, which is conducive to rate performance of PBAs by increasing electronic and ionic conductivity to some extent. As a proof of concept, a series of PBAs have been prepared by co‐precipitation method. And then, a novel precipitation conversion method has been designed, by which unique PBAs with a specific quantity of [Fe(CN)6] vacancies was successfully synthesized. Remarkably, the as‐prepared PBAs possessing hierarchical hollow morphology have reached a unprecedent level of high capacity (168 mAh g−1 at 25 mA g−1, close to PBAs’ theoretical capacity 170 mAh g−1), high rate performance (90 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and high energy density (over 500 Wh kg−1).
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by efficient TiO2‐partially reduced graphene oxide composites
Authors: Peng Zhibin , He Zhongyi , Li Lili , Xiong Liping , Fan Min
Published: February 2024

The effect of graphene oxide with different reduction degrees on the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide‐graphene (TiO2‐G) composites has not been systematically studied. In this paper, titanium dioxide‐partially reduced graphene oxide (TiO2‐PRGO) nanocomposites were prepared by a modified one‐step solvent‐thermal method and further reduced with ascorbic acid to obtain TiO2‐PRGO(xh) with a higher degree of reduction (ascorbic acid 80° reduced TiO2‐PRGO x h, x = 1, 2, 3, 4). The composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The transient photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance results show that TiO2‐PRGO has the most outstanding photoelectrochemical properties. Compared with pure TiO2 and other samples, the TiO2‐PRGO nanocomposites exhibited excellent photocatalytic properties, and their photocatalytic efficiencies for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) were up to seven times higher than those of the pure TiO2 nanomaterials, and twice that of TiO2‐PRGO(4h). The photodegradation of methylene blue by the composites decreased as the degree of PRGO reduction increased. The efficient photocatalytic performance of TiO2‐PRGO can be attributed to the high TiO2 loading and good electrical conductivity. Notably, TiO2‐PRGO photocatalysis for 90 min resulted in 100% degradation of MB. Meanwhile, TiO2‐PRGO has good reusability, and the degradation rate of TiO2‐PRGO remained at 95% after four times of degradation in MB solution.
Comparison of the usage of nut shell, walnut shell, and pistachio shell as a reinforcement particle on the mechanical and wear performance of polypropylene
Authors: Şahin Alp Eren , Fidan Sinan , Çetin Beysim , Sınmazçelik Tamer
Published: February 2024

In this study, the usability of nutshell, pistachio, and walnut shell wastes as reinforcement materials in industrial applications and their comparisons with each other was examined. For this purpose, composite samples with a polypropylene (PP) matrix were produced and their mechanical and tribological characterizations were performed. As a result of the tensile tests, both the tensile strength and elastic modulus values of all composite specimens are higher than those of pure PP. On the other hand, the value of elongation at break is lower. The sliding wear resistance increases with increasing reinforcement with walnut and pistachio shell reinforcement, whereas the positive effect becomes negative when the nutshell reinforcement is over 3 wt%. All three types of reinforcement positively affected the scratch resistance. Pistachio shell reinforcement gives the best result. It has been determined that the relative cutting volume value of the samples increases with the reinforcement rate and the wear behavior changes from ductile to brittle. In light of these results, it has been seen that nut, pistachio, and walnut shells could be used as reinforcement materials in industrial applications instead of being waste or fuel.
Effects of styrene–acrylic emulsion on bond performance and interface microstructure of repair mortar of ternary cementitious system
Authors: Shi Chen , Bu Kaiyin , Ma Chenyuan
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the effects of styrene–acrylic emulsion (SAE) as a modifier and interfacial agent on the interfacial bond performance of ordinary Portland cement–aluminate cement–gypsum (PAG) repair mortar. The hydration products and interfacial microstructure are analyzed via x‐ray diffraction (XRD), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that the addition of SAE can effectively enhance the tensile bond strength and flexural bond strength of the PAG repair mortar, and the optimal addition amount of SAE is 10 wt%. The tensile and flexural bond strengths of the PAG repair mortar with SAE interfacial agent at 40% concentration are 1.38 and 1.34 times than those of the mortar without the interfacial agent, respectively. XPS and FTIR analyses reveal that the carboxyl groups in SAE and Ca2+ generated from cement hydration form Ca2+–carboxyl complexes. The SEM and XRD analyses indicate that SAE can alter the distribution and size of crystals at the bond interface and considerably reduce the thickness of the bond interface; however, SAE cannot change the type of hydration products at the bond interface.
Quinazoline‐chalcone hybrids as HDAC/EGFR dual inhibitors: Design, synthesis, mechanistic, and in‐silico studies of potential anticancer activity against multiple myeloma
Authors: Mansour Mostafa A. , AboulMagd Asmaa M. , Abbas Samar H. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed , Abdel‐Rahman Hamdy M.
Published: February 2024

Two new series of quinazoline‐chalcone hybrids were designed, synthesized as histone deacetylase (HDAC)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dual inhibitors, and screened in vitro against the NCI 60 human cancer cell line panel. The most potent derivative, compound 5e bearing a 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl chalcone moiety, showed the most effective growth inhibition value against the panel of NCI 60 human cancer cell lines. Thus, it was selected for further investigation for NCI 5 log doses. Interestingly, this trimethoxy‐substituted analog inhibited the proliferation of Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)‐8226 cells by 96%, at 10 µM with IC50 = 9.09 ± 0.34 µM and selectivity index = 7.19 against normal blood cells. To confirm the selectivity of this compound, it was evaluated against a panel of tyrosine kinase enzymes. Mechanistically, it successfully and selectively inhibited HDAC6, HDAC8, and EGFR with IC50 = 0.41 ± 0.015, 0.61 ± 0.027, and 0.09 ± 0.004 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the selected derivative induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by raising the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and activating caspases 3, 7, and 9. Also, the flow cytometry analysis of RPMI‐8226 cells showed that the trimethoxy‐substituted analog produced cell cycle arrest in the G1 and S phases at 55.82%. Finally, an in silico study was performed to explore the binding interaction of the most active compound within the zinc‐containing binding site of HDAC6 and HDAC8.
Determination of omeprazole via fluorescence‐quenching methodology; application to content uniformity testing
Authors: Elmansi Heba , Orbano Asya , Mashkour Maram , Shamiya Heba Abo , Belal Fathalla
Published: February 2024

A new, proven, economical spectrofluorimetric approach has been used to determine the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole (OMP). This innovative technique is based on the ability of OMP to quench the native fluorescence of the mercurochrome dye in an acidic (pH 3.6) solution. Because it was discovered that quenching is proportional to the drug concentration, this dye was used as a sensor for OMP detection. The fluorescence intensity was measured at 518/540 nm, and its linear response ranged from 0.2–10.0 μg/mL with a linear coefficient of 0.9999. The computation yielded a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.20 μg/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.07 μg/mL. Every circumstance and element impacting the reaction product was examined in detail. Pharmacopeial standards carried out the validation. The approved method investigated several commercial preparations and formulations, and the results were favorably compared with those provided by a reference method. According to United States Pharmacopeia (USP) rules, content consistency for two distinct formulations was evaluated.
Anatomy of the chimera: Environmental, Social, and Governance ratings beyond the myth
Authors: Lucarelli Caterina , Severini Sabrina
Published: February 2024

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings were developed to account for the multidimensional nature of the sustainability of firms. Research on ESG ratings suggests that working towards sustainability means engaging in a utopian effort, as in the chimera myth. We developed a conceptual framework of corporate activities that guides a systematic literature review based on 79 papers. Our analysis confirms that ESG ratings remain a black box, explored mainly from a purely monetary perspective and with contradictions on value created for companies and collective well‐being. Therefore, we deduce that research is still “chasing a chimera,” being this incomplete knowledge due to divergences in (1) theories, (2) regulations, (3) geographic and (4) corporate culture, (5) constructs/metrics, and (6) corporate attitude towards disclosure. Consequently, we identify research gaps and avenues for future research to foster corporations' responsible behaviours and socially responsible investing.
RGD peptide in cancer targeting: Benefits, challenges, solutions, and possible integrin–RGD interactions
Authors: Javid Hossein , Oryani Mahsa Akbari , Rezagholinejad Nastaran , Esparham Ali , Tajaldini Mahboubeh , Karimi‐Shahri Mehdi
Published: February 2024

RGD peptide can be found in cell adhesion and signaling proteins, such as fibronectin, vitronectin, and fibrinogen. RGD peptides' principal function is to facilitate cell adhesion by interacting with integrin receptors on the cell surface. They have been intensively researched for use in biotechnology and medicine, including incorporation into biomaterials, conjugation to medicinal molecules or nanoparticles, and labeling with imaging agents. RGD peptides can be utilized to specifically target cancer cells and the tumor vasculature by engaging with these integrins, improving drug delivery efficiency and minimizing adverse effects on healthy tissues. RGD‐functionalized drug carriers are a viable option for cancer therapy as this focused approach has demonstrated promise in the future. Writing a review on the RGD peptide can significantly influence how drugs are developed in the future by improving our understanding of the peptide, finding knowledge gaps, fostering innovation, and making drug design easier.
Assessment of salivary cadmium levels and breast density in the Marin Women's Study
Authors: George Michaela F. , Paff Shayne , Rojo Jenyse , Powell Mark , Benz Christopher , Pope Karl , Kerlikowske Karla , Shepard John , Willis Matthew , Ereman Rochelle , Prebil LeeAnn
Published: February 2024

Background

We aimed to determine if salivary cadmium (Cd) levels had any association with breast density, hoping to establish a less invasive cost‐effective method of stratifying Cd burden as an environmental breast cancer risk factor.

Methods

Salivary Cd levels were quantified from the Marin Women's Study, a Marin County, California population composite. Volumetric compositional breast density (BDsxa) data were measured by single x‐ray absorptiometry techniques. Digital screening mammography was performed by the San Francisco Mammography Registry. Radiologists reviewed mammograms and assigned a Breast Imaging‐Reporting and Data System score. Early morning salivary Cd samples were assayed. Association analyses were then performed.

Results

Cd was quantifiable in over 90% of saliva samples (mean = 55.7 pg/L, SD = 29). Women with higher saliva Cd levels had a non‐significant odds ratio of 1.34 with BI‐RAD scores (3 or 4) (95% CI 0.75–2.39, p = 0.329). Cd levels were higher in current smokers (mean = 61.4 pg/L, SD = 34.8) than former smokers or non‐smokers. These results were non‐significant. Pilot data revealed that higher age and higher BMI were associated with higher BI‐RAD scores (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Salivary Cd is a viable quantification source in large epidemiologic studies. Association analyses between Cd levels and breast density may provide additional information for breast cancer risk assessment, risk reduction plans, and future research directions. Further work is needed to demonstrate a more robust testing protocol before the extent of its usefulness can be established.
The exo‐microRNA (miRNA) signaling pathways in pathogenesis and treatment of stroke diseases: Emphasize on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
Authors: Farahmand Yalda , Nabiuni Mohsen , Vafaei Mastanabad Mahsa , Sheibani Mehrnaz , Mahmood Bashar Shaker , Obayes Ali Mohammed , Asadi Fatemeh , Davallou Rosa
Published: February 2024

A major factor in long‐term impairment is stroke. Patients with persistent stroke and severe functional disabilities have few therapy choices. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may contribute to the regulation of the pathophysiologic processes of ischemic stroke as shown by altered expression of lncRNAs and microRNA (miRNAs) in blood samples of acute ischemic stroke patients. On the other hand, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) increase neurogenesis, and angiogenesis, dampen neuroinflammation, and boost brain plasticity to improve functional recovery in experimental stroke models. MSCs can be procured from various sources such as the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and peripheral blood. Under the proper circumstances, MSCs can differentiate into a variety of mature cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Accordingly, the capability of MSCs to exert neuroprotection and also neurogenesis has recently attracted more attention. Nowadays, lncRNAs and miRNAs derived from MSCs have opened new avenues to alleviate stroke symptoms. Accordingly, in this review article, we examined various studies concerning the lncRNAs and miRNAs' role in stroke pathogenesis and delivered an overview of the therapeutic role of MSC‐derived miRNAs and lncRNAs in stroke conditions.
Endoscopic view of the vertebra during laser balloon ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sasaki Shun , Shibuya Yuki , Minamiguchi Hitoshi , Sakio Takashige , Hamanaka Yuma , Kanda Takashi , Ichibori Yasuhiro , Makino Nobuhiko , Hirayama Atsushi , Higuchi Yoshiharu
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Left atrial posterior wall on the vertebra is often difficult to obtain stable tissue contact with ablation‐catheter. Laser balloon ablation is effective because the compression from the vertebra can be visualized through endoscopy.

When performing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with radiofrequency, left atrial posterior wall on the vertebra is often difficult to obtain stable tissue contact with ablation‐catheter because of the movement of the ablation point. Laser balloon ablation is effective for the achievement of durable PVI in cases with such anatomical characteristics because the compression from the vertebra can be visualized through endoscopy.
MnFeNi‐Based Composite as a Case Study of a Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst under Dynamically Changing Electrode Potentials
Authors: Morales Dulce M. , Kazakova Mariya A. , Medina Danea , Villalobos Javier , Schuck Götz , Risch Marcel , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: February 2024

High‐performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential components in energy conversion and storage technologies. Yet, their poor reversibility hinders their applicability. A highly active ORR/OER catalyst, consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes‐supported MnFeNiOx nanoparticles, was subjected to sequences of chronoamperometric steps alternating between the ORR, the OER and highly cathodic potentials (Ec). Rotating ring disk electrode methods revealed that applying Ec leads to a small increase in the current and peroxide species yield during the ORR while enhancing substantially the OER. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy showed irreversible changes in the chemical state of MnFeNiOx correlating with its catalytic properties. The complexity of changes that a composite catalyst may undergo under varying potentials, the importance of monitoring product formation, and the convenience of using dynamic electrochemical sequences for the assessment of catalyst reversibility, as well as for the activation and/or restoration of their catalytic properties, are highlighted.
Interpenetrating network‐reinforced gel polymer electrolyte for ultra‐stable lithium−iodine batteries
Authors: Jiang Ying , Huang Peng , Tong Minman , Qi Bingxin , Sun Tao , Xian Zhongyun , Yan Wen , Lai Chao
Published: February 2024

Li−I2 batteries have attracted much interest due to their high capacity, exceptional rate performance, and low cost. Even so, the problems of unstable Li anode/electrolyte interface and severe polyiodide shuttle in Li−I2 batteries need to be tackled. Herein, the interfacial reactions on the Li anode and I2 cathode have been effectively optimized by employing a well‐designed gel polymer electrolyte strengthened by cross‐linked Ti–O/Si–O (GPETS). The interpenetrating network‐reinforced GPETS with high ionic conductivity (1.88 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25°C) and high mechanical strength endows uniform Li deposition/stripping over 1800 h (at 1.0 mA cm−2, with a plating capacity of 3.0 mAh cm−2). Moreover, the GPETS abundant in surface hydroxyls is capable of capturing soluble polyiodides at the interface and accelerating their conversion kinetics, thus synergistically mitigating the shuttle effect. Benefiting from these properties, the use of GPETS results in a high capacity of 207 mAh g−1 (1 C) and an ultra‐low fading rate of 0.013% per cycle over 2000 cycles (5 C). The current study provides new insights into advanced electrolytes for Li−I2 batteries.
Facilitating prelithiation of silicon carbon anode by localized high‐concentration electrolyte for high‐rate and long‐cycle lithium storage
Authors: Zhang Yuanxing , Wu Borong , Bi Jiaying , Zhang Xinyu , Mu Daobin , Zhang Xin‐Yu , Zhang Ling , Xiao Yao , Wu Feng
Published: February 2024

The commercialization of silicon‐based anodes is affected by their low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and capacity decay, which are attributed to the formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. Herein, a feasible and cost‐effective prelithiation method under a localized high‐concentration electrolyte system (LHCE) for the silicon–silica/graphite (Si–SiO2/C@G) anode is designed for stabilizing the SEI layer and enhancing the ICE. The thin SiO2/C layers with –NH2 groups covered on nano‐Si surfaces are demonstrated to be beneficial to the prelithiation process by density functional theory calculations and electrochemical performance. The SEI formed under LHCE is proven to be rich in ionic conductivity, inorganic substances, and flexible organic products. Thus, faster Li+ transportation across the SEI further enhances the prelithiation effect and the rate performance of Si–SiO2/C@G anodes. LHCE also leads to uniform decomposition and high stability of the SEI with abundant organic components. As a result, the prepared anode shows a high reversible specific capacity of 937.5 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at a current density of 1 C. NCM 811‖Li‐SSG‐LHCE full cell achieves a high‐capacity retention of 126.15 mAh g−1 at 1 C over 750 cycles with 84.82% ICE, indicating the great value of this strategy for Si‐based anodes in large‐scale applications.
Comparison of outcomes for Hispanic and non‐Hispanic patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database
Authors: Guram Kripa , Huang Jiaming , Mouchati Christian , Abdallah Nour , Jani Chinmay , Navani Vishal , Xie Wanling , El Zarif Talal , Adib Elio , Gebrael Georges , Agarwal Neeraj , Li Haoran , Labaki Chris , Labban Muhieddine , Ruiz Morales Jose Manuel , Choueiri Toni K. , Chin Heng Daniel Yick , Mittal Abhenil , Hansen Aaron R. , Rose Brent S. , McKay Rana R.
Published: February 2024

Background

Existing data on the impact of Hispanic ethnicity on outcomes for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is mixed. The authors investigated outcomes of Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White (NHW) patients with advanced RCC receiving systemic therapy at large academic cancer centers using the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database (IMDC).

Methods

Eligible patients included non‐Black Hispanic and NHW patients with locally advanced or metastatic RCC initiating systemic therapy. Overall survival (OS) and time to first‐line treatment failure (TTF) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The effect of ethnicity on OS and TTF were estimated by Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs).

Results

A total of 1563 patients (181 Hispanic and 1382 NHW) (mostly males [73.8%] with clear cell RCC [81.5%] treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor [TKI] monotherapy [69.9%]) were included. IMDC risk groups were similar between groups. Hispanic patients were younger at initial diagnosis (median 57 vs. 59 years, p = .015) and less likely to have greater than one metastatic site (60.8% vs. 76.8%, p < .001) or bone metastases (23.8% vs. 33.4%, p = .009). Median OS and TTF was 38.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.1–59.2) versus 35.7 months (95% CI, 31.9–39.2) and 7.8 months (95% CI, 6.2–9.0) versus 7.5 months (95% CI, 6.9–8.1), respectively, in Hispanic versus NHW patients. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, no statistically significant differences were observed in OS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% CI, 0.86–1.31, p = .56) or TTF (adjusted HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.89–1.26, p = .50).

Conclusions

The authors did not observe statistically significant differences in OS or TTF between Hispanic and NHW patients with advanced RCC. Receiving treatment at tertiary cancer centers may mitigate observed disparities in cancer outcomes.
Effect of π–π Interactions on Morphology of Nonplanar Binary Halogen‐Bonded Cocrystals
Authors: Zheng Yuqi , Qu Zhao , Wu Yichao , Wang Zilong , Tang Zhenxun , Wen Tao , Ji Zhuoyu
Published: February 2024

The application of organic crystal in different photoelectric device has different demand on the crystal structure and morphology, while the self‐assembly of different materials into crystals with a desired morphology remains a challenge. Herein, using three binary halogen‐bonded cocrystals involving a nonplanar halogen accepter molecule tetra(4‐pyridyl)‐tetrathiafulvalene (TTF(py)4), co‐crystallized with halogen donor aryl iodides C6F6‐xIx (x = 2,3, 1,3,5‐trifluoro‐2,4,6‐triiodobenzene (IFB), meta‐1,3‐diiodotetrafluorobenzene (mdIFB) or para‐1,3‐diiodotetrafluorobenzene (pdIFB)), are reported. TTF(py)4‐IFB cocrystals are formed primarily via N···I halogen bonds and F···H hydrogen bonds, while TTF(py)4‐mdIFB cocrystals and TTF(py)4‐pdIFB cocrystals are formed primarily via π–π Interactions, N···I halogen bonds and F···H hydrogen bonds, homogeneous π–π interactions are dominant in TTF(py)4‐mdIFB, while heterogeneous π–π interactions are dominant in TTF(py)4‐pdIFB. Through predicted morphology based on the attachment energy (Eatt) theory, especially π–π interaction, the influence of intermolecular interactions on crystal morphology is analyzed. The study demonstrates that the π–π interaction plays an important role in regulating the crystal structure and morphology, the work provides a deeper understanding of π–π interactions in nonplanar binary halogen‐bonded cocrystals.