bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral Distress Under Structural Violence: Clinician Experience in Brazil Caring for Low-Income Families of Children with Severe Disabilities
Authors: Sale Ana Carolina Gahyva , Smith-Morris Carolyn
Published: January 2023

Rigorous attention has been paid to moral distress among healthcare professionals, largely in high-income settings. More obscure is the presence and impact of moral distress in contexts of chronic poverty and structural violence. Intercultural ethics research and dialogue can help reveal how the long-term presence of morally distressing conditions might influence the moral experience and agency of healthcare providers. This article discusses mixed-methods research at one nongovernmental social support agency and clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Chronic levels of moral distress and perceptions of moral harm among clinicians in this setting were both violent, following Nancy Scheper-Hughes’ use of that term, and a source of exceptional and innovative care. Rather than glossing over the moral variables of work in such desperate extremes, ethnography in these settings reveals novel skills and strategies for managing moral distress.
Association of race and ethnicity with resource utilisation among children with CHD: an evaluation of the National Health Interview Survey, 2010–2018
Authors: Reddy Kriyana P. , Jones Andrea L. , Naim Maryam Y. , Mercer-Rosa Laura
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Racial and ethnic disparities in resource use among children with CHD remain understudied. We sought to evaluate associations between race, ethnicity, and resource utilisation in children with CHD.

Materials and methods:

Annual data from the National Health Interview Survey were collected for years 2010–2018. Children with self-reported CHD and Non-Hispanic White race, Non-Hispanic Black race, or Hispanic ethnicity were identified. Resource use in the preceding year was identified with four measures: primary place of care visited when sick, receiving well-child checkups, number of emergency department visits, and number of office visits. Cohort characteristics were compared across racial and ethnic groups using Kruskal–Wallis and Fisher’s exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association of race and ethnicity with likelihood of having an emergency department visit.

Results:

We identified 209 children for the primary analysis. Non-Hispanic Black children had significantly more emergency department visits in the prior year, with 11.1% having ≥6 emergency department visits compared to 0.7% and 5.6% of Non-Hispanic White and Hispanic children. Further, 35.2% of Hispanic children primarily received care at clinics/health centres, compared to 17% of Non-Hispanic White children and 11.1% of Non-Hispanic Black children (p = 0.03). On multivariable analysis, Black race was associated with higher odds of emergency department visit compared to White race (odds ratio = 4.19, 95% confidence interval = 1.35 to 13.04, p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

In a nationally comprehensive, contemporary cohort of children with CHD, there were some significant racial and ethnic disparities in resource utilisation. Further work is needed to consider the role of socio-economics and insurance status in perpetuating these disparities.
Domestic Investment Laws and State Capitalism
Authors: Qian Xu
Published: January 2023

State capitalism and the liberal economic order have had an antagonistic relationship. While the international economic law rules have sought to reduce the role of the state in the economy, state-controlled entities have more recently increased in size and importance – both domestically, as well as internationally. In this connection, the article analyses the effects of state capitalism's expansion simultaneously with the domestic investment law of States. The article analyses the underlying principles of state capitalism in an effort to answer the question of whether domestic laws promoting investment – as defined in the special issue – are positive, negative, or neutral to state capitalists. The article further interprets the trends spawned by the propagation of the liberal international economic order as states realize their development targets and envisage to actively contribute to the regulation of international trade and cross-border transactions globally.
Psychiatric Emergencies and Suicide Attempts Before and During COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain
Authors: Irigoyen-Otiñano María , Porras-Segovia Alejandro , Vega-Sánchez Diego de la , Arenas-Pijoan Laura , Agraz-Bota Marc , Torterolo Giovanni , Sánchez-Cazalilla Marta , Fuentes-Casany Deborah , Adrados-Pérez Marina , Puigdevall-Ruestes Margarita
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the mental health of the population. The lockdown period in Spain – from March 14 to June 21, 2020 – was particularly stressful. This study aims to examine the differences in visits to the emergency department for psychiatric reasons before and during the lockdown period in a hospital in the province of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain), which has a catchment area of 431,183 inhabitants. We hope that this study can contribute to the understanding of this difficult period in our recent history and help us to be prepared in case of new social emergencies that may affect the mental health of the general population. Aims: This study aims to examine the differences in ER visits due to psychiatric reasons before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period in a province hospital in Spain. Methods: We compared the n = 1,599 visits to the emergency room and their characteristics before (June 13 to March 13, 2020) and during (March 14 to June 21, 2020) the lockdown period in the province of Lerida, Spain. Data were obtained from the electronic health records. Information collected included sociodemographic variables, reason for consultation, previous diagnosis, and characteristics of suicidal ideation and attempts – including history of previous suicidal behavior, method, days spent in the ER, suicide reattempts at 6-month follow-up. Results: Before lockdown, there were an average of 11.2 psychiatric emergencies per day compared with 9.2 psychiatric emergencies per day during lockdown. Regarding suicidal behavior, before lockdown, there were an average of 0.9 suicide attempts before lockdown compared with 0.7 attempts per day during lockdown. Limitations: Since the data came from the electronic health records, we have relied on the clinical diagnosis made by different psychiatrists. Also, we did not record psychiatric comorbidities, but instead only registered one main Axis I diagnosis and one main Axis II diagnosis. Conclusions: We observed a decrease in the number of visits to the ER in general, as well as a lower frequency of patients with suicidal behavior during the first and only lockdown period in Spain, which occurred during the initial months of the pandemic. This is consistent with previous studies showing a reduction of suicidal behavior during periods of social emergency. However, this decrease could be only temporary, and several authors predict an increase of suicidal behavior in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis. Ensuring access to mental healthcare during periods of crisis is crucial for the population.
Corrosive Influence of Carbon Dioxide on Crack Initiation in Quartz: Comparison With Liquid Water and Vacuum Environments
Authors: Simeski Filip , Ihme Matthias
Published: January 2023

The stimulation of crack growth in quartz and siliceous materials by injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) represents a key technology in long‐term carbon storage and in the development of natural gas wells. While this technology is widely used, the molecular impact of CO2 interactions on the solid matrix is only incompletely understood. In this work, we employ reactive molecular dynamics simulations to study how the CO2 fluid environment affects the mechanical properties of pre‐cracked single‐crystal quartz. The thermodynamic conditions of interest are those relevant to subsurface reservoirs. We report how structural properties of quartz—bond length distribution and crack tip shape—evolve upon introduction of a fluid. These properties are directly related to macroscopic quantities of the global stress–strain curves, thus reaffirming the inherent coupling across multiple scales for fluid–solid interactions in the subsurface. We find that CO2 reduces the fracture toughness of quartz by 12.1% compared to that of quartz in vacuum, thereby promoting crack growth and enhancing fluid transport in the subsurface.
Flood Increase and Drought Mitigation Under a Warming Climate in the Southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Shao Xingmin , Zhang Yongqiang , Ma Ning , Zhang Xuanze , Tian Jing , Liu Changming
Published: January 2023

Understanding the runoff response to climate change in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is critical to water resources management since TP is the “Water Tower of Asia” and is sensitive to climate change. However, previous studies have paid more attention to the changes in annual and monthly runoff. Therefore, the changes in the characteristics of floods and droughts are still unknown, particularly in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin (YRB) in the southern TP. Therefore, this study simulates the runoff in four subbasins in the YRB using the GR4J_SNOW model to depict the characteristics (including frequency, severity, peak, and duration) of floods on a daily scale and those of droughts on a monthly scale. It is done in historical (1979–2014) and future (2049–2084) periods under different climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), and then the changes in floods and droughts between the two periods are comprehensively compared. The results indicate that the YRB has experienced marginal streamflow change during the historical period. Under future varying climate change scenarios, however, the YRB might become wetter with increasing frequency, volume, and peak of floods, along with decreasing frequency, severity, and duration of droughts. In the upstream YRB, covered by more snow with a drier climate, the flood and drought characteristics appear to be more sensitive to climate change than in the downstream YRB. This study is helpful for a better understanding of the hydrological process in the TP under climate change and for forming sustainable water resource strategies for the surrounding regions of the TP.
Deep-Sea Pressure Crushes Carbon Cycling
Authors: Cutts Elise
Published: January 2023

The extreme pressure in the deep sea stifles microbes’ appetite for organic carbon. This finding could have important implications for carbon budgets and geoengineering.
Machine learning-driven synthesis of TiZrNbHfTaC5 high-entropy carbide
Authors: Pak Alexander Ya. , Sotskov Vadim , Gumovskaya Arina A. , Vassilyeva Yuliya Z. , Bolatova Zhanar S. , Kvashnina Yulia A. , Mamontov Gennady Ya. , Shapeev Alexander V. , Kvashnin Alexander G.
Published: January 2023

Synthesis of high-entropy carbides (HEC) requires high temperatures that can be provided by electric arc plasma method. However, the formation temperature of a single-phase sample remains unknown. Moreover, under some temperatures multi-phase structures can emerge. In this work, we developed an approach for a controllable synthesis of HEC TiZrNbHfTaC5 based on theoretical and experimental techniques. We used Canonical Monte Carlo (CMC) simulations with the machine learning interatomic potentials to determine the temperature conditions for the formation of single-phase and multi-phase samples. In full agreement with the theory, the single-phase sample, produced with electric arc discharge, was observed at 2000 K. Below 1200 K, the sample decomposed into (Ti-Nb-Ta)C, and a mixture of (Zr-Hf-Ta)C, (Zr-Nb-Hf)C, (Zr-Nb)C, and (Zr-Ta)C. Our results demonstrate the conditions for the formation of HEC and we anticipate that our approach can pave the way towards targeted synthesis of multicomponent materials.
Microbial diversity and proxy species for human impact in Italian karst caves
Authors: Biagioli Federico , Coleine Claudia , Piano Elena , Nicolosi Giuseppe , Poli Anna , Prigione Valeria , Zanellati Andrea , Varese Cristina , Isaia Marco , Selbmann Laura
Published: January 2023

To date, the highly adapted cave microbial communities are challenged by the expanding anthropization of these subterranean habitats. Although recent advances in characterizing show-caves microbiome composition and functionality, the anthropic effect on promoting the establishment, or reducing the presence of specific microbial guilds has never been studied in detail. This work aims to investigate the whole microbiome (Fungi, Algae, Bacteria and Archaea) of four Italian show-caves, displaying different environmental and geo-morphological conditions and one recently discovered natural cave to highlight potential human-induced microbial traits alterations. Results indicate how show-caves share common microbial traits in contrast to the natural one; the first are characterized by microorganisms related to outdoor environment and/or capable of exploiting extra inputs of organic matter eventually supplied by tourist flows (i.e.ChaetomiumandPhomafor fungi andPseudomonasfor bacteria). Yet, variation in microalgae assemblage composition was reported in show-caves, probably related to the effect of the artificial lighting. This study provides insights into the potential microbiome cave contamination by human-related bacteria (e.g.LactobacillusandStaphylococcus) and commensal/opportunistic human associated fungi (e.g.Candida) and dermatophytes. This work is critical to untangle caves microbiome towards management and conservation of these fragile ecosystems.
Effective simulations of interacting active droplets
Authors: Kulkarni Ajinkya , Vidal-Henriquez Estefania , Zwicker David
Published: January 2023

Droplets form a cornerstone of the spatiotemporal organization of biomolecules in cells. These droplets are controlled using physical processes like chemical reactions and imposed gradients, which are costly to simulate using traditional approaches, like solving the Cahn–Hilliard equation. To overcome this challenge, we here present an alternative, efficient method. The main idea is to focus on the relevant degrees of freedom, like droplet positions and sizes. We derive dynamical equations for these quantities using approximate analytical solutions obtained from a sharp interface limit and linearized equations in the bulk phases. We verify our method against fully-resolved simulations and show that it can describe interacting droplets under the influence of chemical reactions and external gradients using only a fraction of the computational costs of traditional methods. Our method can be extended to include other processes in the future and will thus serve as a relevant platform for understanding the dynamics of droplets in cells.
Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infesting a backyard chicken farm in Greece
Authors: Sioutas Georgios , Petridou Evanthia , Minoudi Styliani , Papageorgiou Konstantinos V. , Symeonidou Isaia , Giantsis Ioannis A. , Triantafyllidis Alexandros , Papadopoulos Elias
Published: January 2023

The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is arguably the most harmful, ubiquitous haematophagous ectoparasite infesting egg-laying hens. PRM is a vector of various microorganisms, with some being important for food microbiology and public health. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of specific pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp., carried by PRM infesting a chicken farm in Greece. Mites were caught using cardboard traps (Avivet), and 100 unwashed PRM were homogenized and used for microbiological cultures. Microbiological cultures were carried out on general and selective substrates to detect the above-mentioned bacteria. Specifically for Listeria spp., DNA was extracted from bacteria grown in Tryptone Soya Yeast Extract Agar using a commercial kit. The hly gene encoding the Listeriolysin O protein was amplified by PCR. Mites were identified as D. gallinae using morphological keys as well as by COI DNA barcoding. Microbiological cultures and PCR assays were positive for Listeria monocytogenes. No other bacteria were detected. The current study constitutes the first molecular isolation of L. monocytogenes from D. gallinae, confirming that PRM can carry this food-borne pathogen. PRM control measures and hygiene practices should be applied to minimize any possible contamination risk of poultry products with L. monocytogenes and safeguard public health.
Improving the activity and thermostability of PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis through modulating its post-translational glycan modification
Authors: Deng Binyang , Yue Yu , Yang Jun , Yang Mingjun , Xing Qiong , Peng Hang , Wang Fei , Li Ming , Ma Lixin , Zhai Chao
Published: January 2023

The large-scale preparation of Polyehylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolysing enzymes in low-cost is critical for the biodegradation of PET in industry. In the present study, we demonstrate that the post-translational glycosylation ofPichia pastorismakes it a remarkable host for the heterologous expression of PETase fromIdeonella sakaiensis201-F6 (IsPETase). Taking advantage of the abundant N- and O-linked glycosylation sites inIsPETase and the efficient post-translational modification in endoplasmic reticulum,IsPETase is heavily glycosylated during secretory expression withP. pastoris, which improves the specific activity and thermostability of the enzyme dramatically. Moreover, the specific activity ofIsPETase increased further after the bulky N-linked polysaccharide chains were eliminated by Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H). Importantly, the partially deglycosylatedIsPETase still maintained high thermostability because of the remaining mono- and oligo-saccharide residues on the protein molecules. Consequently, the partially deglycosylatedIsPETase was able to be applied at 50 °C and depolymerized raw, untreated PET flakes completely in 2 to 3 days. This platform was also applied for the preparation of a famous variant ofIsPETase, Fast-PETase, and the same result was achieved. Partially deglycosylated Fast-PETase demonstrates elevated efficiency in degrading postconsumer-PET trays under 55 °C than 50 °C, the reported optimal temperature of Fast-PETase. The present study provides a strategy to modulate thermostableIsPETase through glycosylation engineering and paves the way for promoting PET biodegradation from laboratories to factories.
Multivariate chemogenomic screening prioritizes new macrofilaricidal leads
Authors: Wheeler Nicolas J. , Ryan Kaetlyn T. , Gallo Kendra J. , Henthorn Clair R. , Ericksen Spencer S. , Chan John D. , Zamanian Mostafa
Published: January 2023

Development of direct acting macrofilaricides for the treatment of human filariases is hampered by limitations in screening throughput imposed by the parasite life cycle. In vitro adult screens typically assess single phenotypes without prior enrichment for chemicals with antifilarial potential. We developed a multivariate screen that identified dozens of compounds with submicromolar macrofilaricidal activity, achieving a hit rate of >50% by leveraging abundantly accessible microfilariae. Adult assays were multiplexed to thoroughly characterize compound activity across relevant parasite fitness traits, including neuromuscular control, fecundity, metabolism, and viability. Seventeen compounds from a diverse chemogenomic library elicited strong effects on at least one adult trait, with differential potency against microfilariae and adults. Our screen identified five compounds with high potency against adults but low potency or slow-acting microfilaricidal effects, at least one of which acts through a novel mechanism. We show that the use of microfilariae in a primary screen outperforms model nematode developmental assays and virtual screening of protein structures inferred with deep learning. These data provide new leads for drug development, and the high-content and multiplex assays set a new foundation for antifilarial discovery.
Comparative site-specific N-glycoproteome analysis reveals aberrant N-glycosylation and gives insights into mannose-6-phosphate pathway in cancer
Authors: Chen Minyong , Assis Diego M. , Benet Matthieu , McClung Colleen M. , Gordon Elizabeth A. , Ghose Shourjo , Dupard Steven J. , Willetts Matthew , Taron Christopher H. , Samuelson James C.
Published: January 2023

N-glycosylation is implicated in cancers and aberrant N-glycosylation is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Here, we mapped and compared the site-specific N-glycoproteomes of colon cancer HCT116 cells and isogenic non-tumorigenic DNMT1/3b double knockout (DKO1) cells using Fbs1-GYR N-glycopeptide enrichment technology and trapped ion mobility spectrometry. Many significant changes in site-specific N-glycosylation were revealed, providing a molecular basis for further elucidation of the role of N-glycosylation in protein function. HCT116 cells display hypersialylation especially in cell surface membrane proteins. Both HCT116 and DKO1 show an abundance of paucimannose and 80% of paucimannose-rich proteins are annotated to reside in exosomes. The most striking N-glycosylation alteration was the degree of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) modification. N-glycoproteomic analyses revealed that HCT116 displays hyper-M6P modification, which was orthogonally validated by M6P immunodetection. Significant observed differences in N-glycosylation patterns of the major M6P receptor, CI-MPR in HCT116 and DKO1 may contribute to the hyper-M6P phenotype of HCT116 cells. This comparative site-specific N-glycoproteome analysis provides a pool of potential N-glycosylation-related cancer biomarkers, but also gives insights into the M6P pathway in cancer.
The role of transient plasma photonic structures in plasma-based amplifiers
Authors: Vieux Grégory , Cipiccia Silvia , Welsh Gregor H. , Yoffe Samuel R. , Gärtner Felix , Tooley Matthew P. , Ersfeld Bernhard , Brunetti Enrico , Eliasson Bengt , Picken Craig , McKendrick Graeme , Hur MinSup , Dias João M. , Kühl Thomas , Lehmann Götz , Jaroszynski Dino A.
Published: January 2023

High power lasers have become useful scientific tools, but their large size is determined by their low damage-threshold optical media. A more robust and compact medium for amplifying and manipulating intense laser pulses is plasma. Here we demonstrate, experimentally and through simulations, that few-millijoule, ultra-short seed pulses interacting with 3.5-J counter-propagating pump pulses in plasma, stimulate back-scattering of nearly 100 mJ pump energy with high intrinsic efficiency, when detuned from Raman resonance. This is due to scattering off a plasma Bragg grating formed by ballistically evolving ions. Electrons are bunched by the ponderomotive force of the beat-wave, which produces space-charge fields that impart phase correlated momenta to ions. They inertially evolve into a volume Bragg grating that backscatters a segment of the pump pulse. This, ultra-compact, two-step, inertial bunching mechanism can be used to manipulate and compress intense laser pulses. We also observe stimulated Compton (kinetic) and Raman backscattering.
Energy partitioning of pharmaceutical co-crystal structures
Authors: Dittrich Birger , Connor Lauren E. , Werthmueller Dominic , Sykes Nicole , Udvarhelyi Anikó
Published: January 2023

Energy partitioning of pharmaceutical cocrystals by molecule-pair interaction and ONIOM energies identifies the driving force of their formation, leading to in silico conformational sampling for predicting API-cocrystal combinations for experiment.
The pressure and temperature evolution of the Ca3V2O8 crystal structure using powder X-ray diffraction
Authors: Sánchez-Martín Josu , Errandonea Daniel , Rahimi Mosafer Houri Sadat , Paszkowicz Wojciech , Minikayev Roman , Turnbull Robin , Berkowski Marek , Ibáñez-Insa Jordi , Popescu Catalin , Fitch Andrew , Rodríguez-Hernández Plácida , Muñoz Alfonso
Published: January 2023

The independently measured pressure and temperature evolution of Ca3V2O8 is characterized by X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations. A pressure-induced phase transition is discovered and the crystal structure for the HP phase reported.
Neural networks for a quick access to a digital twin of scanning physical property measurements
Authors: Terashima Kensei , Baptista de Castro Pedro , Esparza Echevarria Miren Garbiñe , Matsumoto Ryo , Yamamoto Takafumi D. , Saito Akiko T. , Takeya Hiroyuki , Takano Yoshihiko
Published: January 2023

A simple and fast construction of neural networks is shown to be useful for augmenting physical-property experimental data.
Feasibility of high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry for vanadium determination
Authors: Kowalewska Zofia , Abad Carlos , Okruss Michael , Recknagel Sebastian
Published: January 2023

This work aimed to evaluate high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS MAS), traditionally used to determine non-metals, for the determination of a new element, metal, vanadium.
Improved out-of-plane thermal conductivity of boron nitride nanosheet-filled polyamide 6/polyethylene terephthalate composites by a rapid solidification method
Authors: Xu Qingchong , Chen Zhenxing , Li Xinxin , Hu Jiaxin , Liao Yanling , Liu Yongfeng , Li Long , Wei Shiyang , Li Ziwei
Published: January 2023

The randomly orientated m-BNNS could make the thermal conductivity of composite film as high as 3.28 W (m−1 K−1) at filler loading 55 wt%, which is 64% higher than that of directly hot-pressed film. The NEMD simulations also provide some explanations.
Suitable commercial catalysts for the synthesis of oxymethylene dimethyl ethers
Authors: Mantei Franz , Kopp Sebastian , Holfelder Anna , Flad Elisa , Kloeters Daniela , Kraume Matthias , Salem Ouda
Published: January 2023

The commercial catalysts Amberlyst 15 and 46 show high activities and selectivities for the OME synthesis with very low side product formations. However, the synthesis products of all investigated catalysts need to be neutralized before distillation.
Climate change and population aging may impact the benefits of improved air quality on cardiovascular mortality in Guangzhou: epidemiological evidence and policy implications
Authors: Wu Chenguang , Dong Hang , Ou Jiajun , Li Dan , Song Yuanyuan , Luo Chunliang , Yu Zixun , Liang Boheng , Yu Yingxin , Qin Pengzhe , Qi Zenghua , Cai Zongwei
Published: January 2023

Dynamic changes in the contribution of air pollution, meteorological conditions and aging to cardiovascular mortality.
Enhancing low electronic conductivity materials in all active material electrodes through multicomponent architecture
Authors: Cai Chen , Koenig Gary M.
Published: January 2023

Percolated electroactive material as electronically conductive network enables the high energy electroactive material with low intrinsic electronic conductivity at extremely high loading over 100 mg cm−2.
OGLE-2018-BLG-0584 and KMT-2018-BLG-2119: Two microlensing events with two lens masses and two source stars
Authors: Han Cheongho , Udalski Andrzej , Jung Youn Kil , Kim Doeon , Yang Hongjing , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shvartzvald Yossi , Shin In-Gu , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Kim Chun-Hwey , Kim Woong-Tae , Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz
Published: January 2023

Aims. We conducted a systematic investigation of the microlensing data collected during the previous observation seasons for the purpose of re-analyzing anomalous lensing events with no suggested plausible models.

Methods. We found that two anomalous lensing events, OGLE-2018-BLG-0584 and KMT-2018-BLG-2119, cannot be explained with the usual models based on either a binary-lens single-source (2L1S) or a single-lens binary-source (1L2S) interpretation. We tested the feasibility of explaining the light curves of the events with more sophisticated models by adding either an extra lens (3L1S model) or a source (2L2S model) component to the 2L1S lens system configuration.

Results. We find that a 2L2S interpretation explains the light curves of both events well and that for each event there are a pair of solutions resulting from the close and wide degeneracy. For the event OGLE-2018-BLG-0584, the source is a binary composed of two K-type stars and the lens is a binary composed of two M dwarfs. For KMT-2018-BLG-2119, the source is a binary composed of two dwarfs of G and K spectral types and the lens is a binary composed of a low-mass M dwarf and a brown dwarf.
A direct-hybrid CFD/CAA method based on lattice Boltzmann and acoustic perturbation equations
Authors: Gondrum Miro , Satcunanathan Sutharsan , Niemöller Ansgar , Meinke Matthias , Schröder Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

The accuracy of two direct coupled two-step CFD/CAA methods is discussed. For the flow field either a finite-volume (FV) method for the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations or a lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is coupled to a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for the solution of the acoustic perturbation equations. The coupling takes advantage of a joint Cartesian mesh allowing for the exchange of the acoustic sources without MPI communication. An immersed boundary treatment of the acoustic scattering from solid bodies by a novel solid wall formulation is implemented and validated in the DG method. Results for the case of a spinning vortex pair and the low Reynolds number unsteady flow around a circular cylinder show that a solution with comparable accuracy is obtained for the two direct-hybrid methods when using identical mesh resolution.
Collection Activities in the Field of Use of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Ensuring Biological Safety of the Russian Federation
Authors: Soltanovna Yakhita
Published: January 2023

This review reflects the current state of collection activities related to the use of pathogenic microorganisms. A modern regulatory framework regulating key aspects and regulating collection activities, which is a critical step in microbial collection development, is presented. A number of key tasks facing state collections and solutions to ensure biosafety and sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the population of the Russian Federation have been defined. Directions for improving the state collection of pathogenic microorganisms are formulated.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in the Regulation of T-Helpers Type 17
Authors: Uzhviyuk Sofia , Timganova Valeria , Bochkova Maria , Khramtsov Pavel , Zamorina Svetlana
Published: January 2023

Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a key pregnancy hormone that regulates steroidogenesis and has immunomodulatory activity. We studied the effects of native and recombinant hCG on the differentiation, proliferation, and production of IL-17 and IFN-ɣ by T-helper cells induced into the phenotype of T-helper type 17 (Th17) in vitro. We found that hCG had no significant effects on the level of Th17 cells, as assessed by RORɣτ expression, and the proliferation of these cells (Ki-67+). In addition, no effects of hCG on the production of IL-17 and IFN-ɣ by T-helpers induced in the Th17 phenotype were found. At the same time, recombinant hCG (100 IU/mL) increased the number of non-Th17 T-helpers (RORγt-Ki-67+). Thus, hCG did not modulate Th17 cells in our experimental model.
Evaluation of Melanoidin Contribution to Colour Characteristics of Brewing Products
Authors: Gribkova Irina , Eliseev Mikhail , Kosareva Olga , Zakharov Maxim , Zakharova Varvara
Published: January 2023

The article focuses on the issue of melanoidin quantification and its influence on the color characteristics of brewing products. It is shown that the reaction conditions (100±2)°C, the processing time of 2 hours and a certain list of sugars and amino acids typical for brewing products are adequate to obtain linear dependencies for estimating the beer melanoidin content at 300 and 420 nm. The data on the total content of melanoidins in light beer in the range of 3.83-51.4 mg/dm3, and in dark beer – 6.82-145.94 mg/dm3 at the specified wavelengths are given. The authors found that the dependence between the color and the total beer melanoidin content is characterized by a correlation coefficient R = 0.624, which indicates the influence of other organic compounds of beer on the color intensity.
Remineralization of Demineralized Bone Matrixes with Preserved Fibrillary Structure as a Promising Approach to Obtain Highly Effective Osteoplastic Materials
Authors: Minaichev Vladislav , Smirnova Polina , Senotov Anatoliy , Teterina Anastasia , Fadeeva Irina
Published: January 2023

The development of highly effective osteoplastic materials capable of providing bone tissue regeneration still remains an urgent and unresolved problem. In the presented work, an approach is proposed for the creation of biomimetic materials by the deposition of amorphous calcium phosphates on the surface of a xenogenic bone demineralized matrix under physiological conditions. Adsorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed the efficiency of deposition of amorphous calcium phosphates on the trabeculae surface. The additional inclusion of the calcium-binding protein albumin was found to increase the efficiency of CPC adsorption on the trabeculae surface during DBM remineralization in vitro. In the model of heterotopic implantation for 7 weeks the osteoinductive properties of the obtained material were demonstrated, expressed in intrabecular mineralization of bone trabeculae, neovascularization and pronounced synthetic activity of osteoblasts (synthesis and structurization of neocollagen directly on the implanted material). The data obtained in the course of this work will be used to create new highly effective osteoplastic materials.
Elastin Barrier Membranes for Guided Tissue Regeneration Technologies
Authors: Zvyagina Alyona , Menukhov Vladislav , Krasnova Olga , Minaychev Vladislav , Fadeeva Irina
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the prospects for the use of new elastin barrier membranes manufactured using adapted technologies for the selective isolation of the elastin component from the extracellular xenogenic matrix of the pericardium ligamentous apparatus: (1) by high-temperature extraction under pressure; (2) cyanogen bromide method. A commercial material, Geistlich Bio–Gide® membrane (BG), was used as a control comparison group. It is shown that the materials of group (1) have a high degree of biocompatibility, exceeding the indicators of the control group BG. Based on the results of an study in a model of subcutaneous heterotopic implantation in rats, it was shown that elastin BM has a chemoattractant effect on the mesenchymal recipient cells and, unlike the control, is able to integrate to a high degree into the surrounding recipient tissues. At the same time, the materials of group (1) had a pronounced proangiogenic effect. Thus, it has been shown that elastin BM groups (1) have a medium-term barrier function and are able to induce full-fledged cellular repopulation and local neoangiogenesis, which can be useful in clinical practice, primarily in GTR technologies (with gingival flap augmentation) or when used together with other BM as an angiogenesis inducer to ensure formation of the vascular bed in GBR technologies of bone tissue.
Halophilic Bacteria as a Promising Basis of Biopreparations for Improving the Growth of Autochthonous Strains-Destructors in Salinization Conditions
Authors: Anan’ina Lyudmila Nikolaevna , Plotnikova Elena Genrikhovna
Published: January 2023

In some cases, pollution of ecosystems with persistent toxic organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is accompanied by salinization, which significantly inhibits the degradation of these compounds by autochthonous communities of microorganisms. Therefore, new methods of reclamation of such polluted territories are being sought and developed. One of the approaches can be the introduction of bacteria that stimulate the physiological activity of autochthonous destructors. In the course of the conducted study, the moderately halophilic strain Halomonas sp. SMB31 was identified as the most competitive for the intermediates of the destruction of naphthalene (model compound PAH), and its effect on the growth of the halotolerant destructor strain Rhodococcus sp. SMB38 has been evaluated during the degradation of naphthalene under conditions of high salinity (7% NaCl). It is shown that the joint cultivation of Rhodococcus sp. SMB38 and Halomonas sp. SMB31 led to a significant reduction in the duration of the period of adaptation to environmental conditions and an increase in the specific growth rate of the destructor strain. Thus, the obtained results showed the prospects of the studied moderately halophilic strain Halomonas sp. SMB31 for use as a biological preparation for the purpose of activating the physiological processes of autochthonous microorganisms-destructors under conditions of salinization of the environment.
An improved algorithm on unbounded parallel-batching scheduling to minimize maximum cost and makespan
Authors: He Cheng , Wu Jing , Xu Jinglei , Wang Junling
Published: January 2023

This paper studies the bicriteria problem of scheduling n jobs on a parallel-batching machine to minimize maximum cost and makespan simultaneously. A parallel-batching machine is a machine that can handle up to b jobs in a batch. The jobs in a batch start and complete respectively at the same time and the processing time of a batch is equal to the largest processing time of jobs in the batch. We consider the unbounded case. For the above bicriteria scheduling problem, we present an O(n3)-time algorithm, which improved the best known O(n4)-time algorithm, and the time complexity is the same as the special case in which maximum cost is maximum lateness. Meanwhile, our algorithm can also solve the single-criterion unbounded parallel-batching scheduling problem to minimize maximum cost in O(n3) time, which improved the best known O(n4)-time algorithm.
Marketing Strategies of Huangshan Hotel Homestay Industry in the Post-Epidemic Period
Authors: Li Ziyi
Published: January 2023

In an increasingly competitive business environment, marketing strategy plays a very important role, providing the basis for marketing plans and indicating future courses of action. A systematic marketing strategy includes the organization’s goals, policies, and actions to conduct business effectively. With the passage of time and the improvement of the transportation system, the tourism B&B industry in Huangshan City has made great progress and has played a vital role in enhancing the image of tourism in Huangshan. Tourism is one of the fastest growing and oldest industries; the marketing of available hotel services is critical at all levels and destinations. The new crown epidemic in recent years will also promote the role of innovative ideas that help to enhance the hospitality industry is developed and effective decision making strategies are followed and implemented by the industry in general and prominent hotel groups in particular to attract potential travelers. This paper highlights the challenges faced by the Huangshan hotel B&B industry in the post-epidemic period in terms of hardware facilities and services and future strategies to address these challenges through literature analysis and a study of the current situation of small and medium-sized hotels and B&Bs in Huangshan. It also proposes measures to improve operational efficiency to make this prestigious industry practical and feasible.
Investigation of the post-05 adolescents’ families’ attitudes toward fertility——A case study of Changshu
Authors: Xie Junze
Published: January 2023

Under the influence of social, economic, cultural, and other factors in the new era, young people, who are responsible for the country’s future, have different attitudes toward fertility from those of their predecessors. It is of great practical significance to study their attitudes toward fertility. Based on the analysis of the questionnaire survey on post-05 adolescents’ families in Changshu City, this paper indicates:

The family income has a certain degree of influence on the number of children, but there is no positive correlation;

post-05 adolescents are more inclined to have brothers or sisters who have the same biological genders as they do;

Compared with their parents, who have low reproduction willingness, adolescents’ reproductive willingness gradually increases.

Based on these conclusions, the following policy suggestions are put forward:

More opportunities should be created for practitioners to accompany their families.

Schools should avoid transmitting extreme gender normative education.

People should advocate the sustainability of adolescents’ positive attitudes toward childbearing under the inclusive and diverse concept of fertility.
Transcription Factor ELK3 Promotes Stemness and Oxaliplatin
Resistance of Glioma Cells by Regulating RNASEH2A
Authors: Mei Yimin , Chen Duoning , He Shike , Ye Jinping , Luo Ming , Wu Qiangjun , Huang Yuan
Published: January 2023

Oxaliplatin is a member of the platinum group that is often used to treat glioma,
a common type of malignant brain tumor, though it does not come with desirable
and notable effects. This study attempted to investigate how ELK3 impacts the
oxaliplatin resistance of glioma cells and its molecular mechanism.
Bioinformatics analysis was employed to screen mRNAs with differential
expression in glioma cells and predict the possible regulator downstream. We
used qRT-PCR to detect the expression of ELK3 and RNASEH2A. Dual-luciferase and
ChIP assays were adopted to reassure the regulatory relationship between the
two. We also evaluated cell viability and sphere formation efficiency through
CCK-8 and sphere formation assay and calculated the IC50 value by using CCK-8
assay. The expression of stemness-related proteins (ALDH1 and Nanog) was
assessed through western blot. Glioma cells and tissues presented a
significantly high expression of ELK3, the knock-down of which would reduce the
cell viability, stemness and oxaliplatin resistance dramatically. Bioinformatics
analysis predicted RNASEH2A to be the downstream regulator of ELK3. RNASEH2A was
remarkably upregulated in glioma tissue and cells. The results from dual
luciferase assay and ChIP experiment verified the binding relationship between
RNASEH2A promoter region and ELK3. Then through rescue experiments, we confirmed
that overexpression of RNASEH2A could compensate for the inhibition of glioma
cell progression resulting from the knock-down of ELK3. ELK3 could promote
stemness and oxaliplatin resistance of glioma cells by upregulating RNASEH2A,
indicating that targeting ELK3/RNASEH2A axis may be a possible solution
to overcome oxaliplatin resistance of glioma cells.
Redefining clock time using quantum light clocks
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: January 2023

Building a clock model that embraces quantum mechanics and relativity
Numerical investigation of how gap size influences tip leakage vortex cavitation inception using a Eulerian–Lagrangian method
Authors: Wang Xincheng , Bai Xiaorui , Cheng Huaiyu , Ji Bin , Peng Xiaoxing
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the effect of gap size on the inception of tip leakage vortex cavitation (TLVC) with a hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian model. Good agreement is achieved between the simulation results and experimental data for velocity distributions around the TLV, bubble motion, and its size oscillations. It is found that the minimum pressure criterion is not accurate enough for the prediction of TLVC inception due to the significant effect of pressure fluctuation and increased concentration of nuclei in the TLV core region. The pressure fluctuation in the TLV core is noted to be a non-negligible factor, while the corresponding effect on nuclei dynamics in the TLV core is still unclear. To deal with this problem, the inducement of this excited turbulence is further analyzed and discussed in detail, which shows a close relationship with the TLV instability raised by the vortical interaction between TLV and tip-separation vortex/induced vortex. Our work provides an insight into the mechanism of TLVC inception through the flow characteristics in the TLV core region, which is helpful for controlling TLVC inception in engineering designs.
Effects of the heat source on the steady-state transport in gradient-driven global gyrokinetic simulations
Authors: Chen Yang , Cheng Junyi , Parker Scott E.
Published: January 2023

Heat sources are routinely used in gradient-driven global gyrokinetic simulations to prevent profile relaxation and ensure steady-state turbulence and transport. To have any predictive capability, gradient-driven simulations need to be insensitive to the particular choice of a source. Several forms of the heat source are investigated using gyrokinetic δf particle-in-cell simulations. The ion heat flux is found to be sensitive to the source strength when the source rate is below a fraction (∼1/10) of the linear growth rate.
Shear thinning of non-Brownian suspensions and its variation at different ambient conditions
Authors: Lin Yuan , Lin Peiwen , Wang Ying , Chen Jiawang , He Zhiguo , Pähtz Thomas , Phan-Thien Nhan
Published: January 2023

Immiscible contaminants are commonly involved in naturally occurring suspensions. The resulting variations in their flow behavior have rarely been evaluated. Here, we investigate the variation in the viscosity of an oil-based two-phase suspension over a period of 2 years, which is exposed to the ambient air at the production stage. We find that the absolute humidity of air, which strongly varies with seasons, causes exchanges of water droplets with the suspension, substantially altering its shear-thinning behavior. Only in winter, when the humidity is low, is the latter close to that of the ideal two-phase suspensions. Our measurements suggest that when the surface roughness of the suspended solid particles is sufficiently low, immersed droplets remain in a free state, effectively increasing repulsion between particles, weakening shear thinning. In contrast, when the roughness is sufficiently high, immersed droplets become trapped on the particle surfaces, inducing an attractive particle interaction via water bridging, enhancing shear thinning.