bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Anthraquinones from Japanese Knotweed Rhizomes and Their Analyses by High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Glavnik Vesna , Vovk Irena
Published: December 2020

Anthraquinones (yellow dyes) were extracted from Japanese knotweed rhizomes with twelve extraction solvents (water; ethanol(aq) (20%, 40%, 60%, 70% and 80%), ethanol, 70% methanol(aq), methanol, 70% acetone(aq), acetone and dichloromethane). The obtained sample test solutions (STSs) were analyzed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled to densitometry and mass spectrometry (HPTLC–MS/MS) on HPTLC silica gel plates. Identical qualitative densitometric profiles (with anthraquinone aglycones and glycosylated anthraquinones) were obtained for STSs in all the solvents except for the STS in dichloromethane, which enabled the most selective extractions of anthraquinone aglycones emodin and physcion. The highest extraction efficiency, evaluated by comparison of the total peak areas in the densitograms of all STSs scanned at 442 nm, was achieved for 70% acetone(aq). In STS prepared with 70% acetone(aq), the separation of non-glycosylated and glycosylated anthraquinones was achieved with developing solvents toluene–acetone–formic acid (6:6:1, 3:6:1 and 3:3:1 v/v) and dichloromethane–acetone–formic acid (1:1:0.1, v/v). Non-glycosylated anthraquinones were separated only with toluene–acetone–formic acid, among which the best resolution between emodin and physcion gave the ratio 6:6:1 (v/v). This solvent and dichloromethane–acetone–formic acid (1:1:0.1, v/v) enabled the best separation of glycosylated anthraquinones. Four HPTLC-MS/MS methods enabled the identification of emodin and tentative identification of its three glycosylated analogs (emodin-8-O-hexoside, emodin-O-acetyl-hexoside and emodin-O-malonyl-hexoside), while only the HPTLC-MS/MS method with toluene-acetone-formic acid (6:6:1, v/v) enabled the identification of physcion. Changes of the shapes and the absorption maxima (bathochromic shifts) in the absorption spectra after post-chromatographic derivatization provided additional proof for the detection of physcion and rejection of the presence of chrysophanol in STS.
Conductive Polyaniline Doped with Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antistatic Application
Authors: Chen Cheng-Ho , Wang Jing-Mei , Chen Wei-Yu
Published: December 2020

A novel method was conducted to synthesize conductive polyaniline (PANI) doped with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) (PANDB) in xylene by using chemical oxidative polymerization at 25 °C. Meanwhile, the synthesis process was photographed. Results showed as the reaction time was increased, and the color of the product was gradually turned into dark green. The influence of different synthesis time on properties of synthesized PANDB was then examined by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis), a four-point measurement method, and a Field-emittance scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The result indicated that the optimum reaction time was 24 h with conductivity at around 2.03 S/cm. FE-SEM images and the conductivity testing showed that the more needle-like shapes in resulted PANDB, the higher the conductivity. The synthesized PANDB solution was blended with UV curable coating firstly and then coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet. The UV coating/PANDB conductive composite films displayed an impressive translucency along with an adequate flexibility at room temperature. The UV coating/PANDB conductive composite film on PET sheet was flexible, transparent, and with antistatic function.
Establishment of the Predicting Models of the Dyeing Effect in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Based on the Generalized Regression Neural Network and Back Propagation Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Sun Fayu , Li Qingling , Wang Weiqiang , Hu Dedong , Li Shuangchun
Published: December 2020

With the growing demand of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) dyeing, it is important to precisely predict the dyeing effect of supercritical carbon dioxide. In this work, Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) models have been employed to predict the dyeing effect of SC-CO2. These two models have been constructed based on published experimental data and calculated values. A total of 386 experimental data sets were used in the present work. In GRNN and BPNN models, two input parameters, such as temperature, pressure, dye stuff types, carrier types and dyeing time, were selected for the input layer and one variable, K/S value or dye-uptake, was used in the output layer. It was found that the values of mean-relative-error (MRE) for BPNN model and for GRNN model are 3.27–6.54% and 1.68–3.32%, respectively. The results demonstrate that both BPNN and GPNN models can accurately predict the effect of supercritical dyeing but the former is better than the latter.
Hybrid Modification of Unsaturated Polyester Resins to Obtain Hydro- and Icephobic Properties
Authors: Kozera Rafał , Przybyszewski Bartłomiej , Żołyńska Katarzyna , Boczkowska Anna , Sztorch Bogna , Przekop Robert E.
Published: December 2020

Ice accumulation is a key and unsolved problem for many composite structures with polymer matrices, e.g., wind turbines and airplanes. One of the solutions to avoid icing is to use anti-icing coatings. In recent years, the influence of hydrophobicity of a surface on its icephobic properties has been studied. This solution is based on the idea that a material with poor wettability maximally reduces the contact time between a cooled drop of water and the surface, consequently prevents the formation of ice, and decreases its adhesion to the surface. In this work, a hybrid modification of a gelcoat based on unsaturated polyester resin with nanosilica and chemical modifiers from the group of triple functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and double organofunctionalized polysiloxanes (generally called multi-functionalized organosilicon compounds (MFSC)) was applied. The work describes how the change of modifier concentration and its structural structure finally influences the ice phobic properties. The modifiers used in their structure groups lowered the free surface energy and crosslinking groups with the applied resin, lowering the phenomena of migration and removing the modifier from the surface layer of gelcoat. The main studies from the icephobicity point of view were the measurements of ice adhesion forces between modified materials and ice. The tests were based on the measurements of the shear strength between the ice layer and the modified surface and were conducted using a tensile machine. Hydrophobic properties of the obtained nanocomposites were determined by measurement of the contact angle and contact angle hysteresis. As the results of the work, it was found that the modification of gelcoat with nanosilica and multi-functionalized silicone compounds results in the improvement of icephobic properties when compared to unmodified gelcoat while no direct influence of wettability properties was found. Ice adhesion decreased by more than 30%.
A Comparative Study of Ethanol Concentration in Costal Cartilage in Relation to Blood and Urine
Authors: Tomsia Marcin , Nowicka Joanna , Skowronek Rafał , Woś Magdalena , Wójcik Joanna , Droździok Kornelia , Zorychta Magdalena , Javan Gulnaz T , Chełmecka Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

Blood is not always available in forensic autopsies, therefore, the search for alternative sampling materials is needed. This study aimed at examining if ethanol can be detected in costal cartilage and to investigate if different forms of costal cartilage can give accurate information about ethanol concentration in the blood or urine of human cadavers (n = 50). Ethanol concentration in samples of unground costal cartilage (UCC), ground costal cartilage (GCC), femoral venous blood, and urine was analyzed using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Due to Polish law, we used two different cut-off points: the blood alcohol concentration >0.2 mg/mL defined as the ‘after use’ condition, and the blood alcohol concentration >0.5 mg/mL defined as the ‘state of insobriety’. Based on the constructed receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, the optimal cut-off point for ethanol content as the ‘after use’ condition was 0.273 mg/g for the UCC method and 0.069 mg/g for the GCC method. Analysis of the Areas under a ROC Curve (AUC) showed that both methods present excellent diagnostic accuracy (AUCUCC = 0.903; AUCGCC = 0.984). We demonstrated that it is possible to detect ethanol in the costal cartilage and showed that ethanol concentrations are determined in GCC samples with greater accuracy.
Deconversion Processes in Adolescence—The Role of Parental and Peer Factors
Authors: Łysiak Małgorzata , Zarzycka Beata , Puchalska-Wasyl Małgorzata
Published: December 2020

The phenomenon of abandonment of faith, which in psychology is referred to as deconversion, is observed today. Deconversion is particularly widespread in young people. In this paper we examine the parents’ religiosity, parents’ care, and social support as potential predictors of deconversion in adolescents. Specifically, we aimed to analyse whether or not parents’ religiousness, individual differences in childrens’ attachment to their parents, and received support from family, friends, and significant others differentiate adolescents in deconversion processes. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of 232 adolescents in a cross-sectional study, which applied three scales. The Adolescent Deconversion Scale, Parental Bonding Instrument, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results showed that adolescents having both caring and religious parents are less prone to abandon faith and to moral criticism than those having caring but not religious parents or those having religious but not caring parents. The low social support group was more likely to abandon faith and moral criticism than moderate or high social support groups. Regression analyses revealed that deconversion in adolescence is negatively predicted by the mother’s care and friends’ support.
Divine Love as the Reason for Creation in Islam—An Exploration of Nursi’s Epistles of Light
Authors: Rouzati Nasrin
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to answer the question “why did God create the world” by examining Bediuzzaman Said Nursi’s magnum opus, the The Epistles of Light (Risale-i Nur), to demonstrate that, from a Nursian perspective, divine love is the raison d’etre for the creation of the world. The first section will investigate the notion of divine love as reflected in the wider Muslim scholarly literature. This will be followed by a discussion on the theology of divine names, with special attention to Nursi’s perspective, illustrating the critical role that this concept plays in Nursian theology particularly as it relates to cosmic creation. The third section will explore the metaphysics of love, the important implications of God’s love in the creation of the world, and its role as the driving force for the dynamism and activities within the structure of the universe. The Qur’anic presentation of love, maḥabba, as well as the significance of the reciprocal nature of love between God and humankind will be explored next. The final section will shed light on the synergy between divine love and the Qur’anic notion of ibtilā, trial and tribulation, to demonstrate its instrumentality in man’s spiritual journey.
Does Birthweight Represent Imprinting for Life? Preliminary Findings from the Level and Timing of Diabetic Hyperglycemia in Utero: Transgenerational Effect on Adult Morbidity (TEAM) Study
Authors: Khoury Jane C. , Altaye Mekibib , Ehrlich Shelley , Summer Suzanne , Ollberding Nicholas J. , Szczesniak Rhonda , Gupta Resmi , Catalano Patrick , Bowers Katherine
Published: December 2020

Women with pre-gestational diabetes have a high rate of large for gestational age (LGA) babies compared to women without diabetes. In particular, there is a high rate of asymmetric LGA defined as ponderal index (PI) > 90th percentile for gestational age. We examined the association of birth weight and PI, with body mass index (BMI) and obesity status in adulthood, in a cohort of offspring of women with pre-gestational diabetes. The women participated in the Diabetes in Pregnancy (DiP) study at the University of Cincinnati from 1978 to 1995. The offspring of these women are the cohort participating in an observational study being conducted at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. Once located, the offspring were invited to come in for a one-day clinic visit to assess anthropometrics, and their metabolic, renal and cardiovascular status. Linear and logistic regression was used to assess the association between birth weight and PI with current BMI. We report on 107 offspring. A statistically significant association was found between offspring current BMI with birth PI (β = 1.89, 95% CI 0.40–3.38), and between offspring current obesity status and birth asymmetric LGA (aOR = 2.44, 95% CI 1.01–5.82). This is consistent with in utero “metabolic programming”.
Responding to Social Distancing in Conducting Stakeholder Workshops in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Tobin Catherine , Mavrommati Georgia , Urban-Rich Juanita
Published: December 2020

In March 2020, COVID-19 disrupted global society. Impacts as a result of COVID-19 were seen in all industries, including higher education research, which was paused in order to accommodate newly imposed restrictions. Social science research, specifically stakeholder engagement research, was one area that was potentially impacted given its need for person-to-person interaction. Here, we describe how we successfully adjusted our stakeholder engagement methodology to accommodate for socially distant requirements. Initially, we planned to host in-person workshops to assess stakeholder perceptions of microplastics impacts on oysters in Boston Harbor and coastal Massachusetts using the deliberative multicriteria evaluation (DMCE) methodology. To transfer these workshops online, we used familiar, open-access platforms, Zoom and GoogleDrive, to enable dialogue among participants and evaluate preferences. While modifications to length (5 to 3 h) and order (participants were asked to watch expert videos before their participation date) of the workshop were necessary, most other elements of the methodology remained the same for the online format. The main element that was lacking was the in-person interactions. However, with video conferencing tools available, this element was not completely lost.
The Relationship between Motivational Climate and Personal Treatment Satisfaction among Young Soccer Players in Norway: The Moderating Role of Supportive Coach-Behaviour
Authors: Haugen Tommy , Riesen Jan F. , Østrem Ketil , Høigaard Rune , Erikstad Martin K.
Published: December 2020

Motivational climate and coach-behaviour seem important to understand sport involvement and participation. However, less is known about the potential interaction between these facets, and how it relates to athlete satisfaction. This study’s purpose is to examine the relationship between the perceived motivational climate, supportive coach-behaviour, and athletes’ personal treatment satisfaction among young soccer players. More specifically, we investigated the moderating effect of supportive coach-behaviour on the relationship between motivational climate and personal treatment satisfaction. Five hundred and thirty-two players (Mean age = 15.4 years, SD = 1.2) attending a Norwegian national soccer tournament participated in the study. Self-completion questionnaires were used to attain data. A linear regression analysis revealed that mastery of climate and supportive coach-behaviour were positively associated with personal treatment satisfaction. A negative association was found between performance climate and personal treatment satisfaction. Further, moderation analyses revealed that supportive coach-behaviour moderated the relationship between performance climate and personal treatment satisfaction. The findings indicate that a performance climate may not be as maladaptive when coaches provide supportive behaviour. The findings highlight the value of a further examination of the interaction between motivational climate and coaching behaviours, and its potential relations to young athlete’s sport experience.
Re-Inventing Water–Ground Relations in Landscape Architecture Projects
Authors: Di Carlo Fabio , Giancotti Alfonso , Reale Luca
Published: December 2020

In recent decades, the relationship between soil and water has been at the center of many landscape architecture projects and, more in general, of urban transformation. With an ever-increasing recurrence, the interventions reflect on the positive effects of this dialectic, to the point of making it the constitutive element, both in terms of morphologies and of the reciprocal conditions of quality and resilience, combining ecosystem effects and cultural values. This paper thus examines some cases where the use of these elements has assumed the role of “raw material” in those design processes where they are called to specifically question the relationship between nature and human settlements. Three case studies, which with different declinations represent turning points and paradigmatic passages in this context, are here analyzed: the Cultuurpark Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam, the Cheong Gye Cheon canal in Seoul, and the Candlestick Park in the San Francisco Bay.
Electrochemical Degradation of Lignin by ROS
Authors: Jiang Haomin , Xue Aiguo , Wang Zhaohui , Xia Ruyue , Wang Lei , Tang Yang , Wan Pingyu , Chen Yongmei
Published: December 2020

Lignin is a unique renewable aromatic resource in nature. In the past decades, researchers have attempted to breakdown the linkage bonds in lignin to provide aromatic platform chemicals that used to come from the petrochemical industry. In recent years, electrochemical lignin degradation under mild conditions has drawn much attention from the scientific community owing to its potential to scale up and its environmental friendliness. Sustainable electrochemical degradation of lignin consumes less energy and usually requires mild conditions, but low degradation efficiency and insufficient product selectivity are still significant challenges. The method for lignin degradation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated through the water oxidation reaction (WOR) at the anode and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode are more attractive for sustainable electrochemical degradation. The present contribution aims to review advancements in electrochemical degradation of lignin in aqueous or non-aqueous supporting electrolytes, focusing on the regulation of ROS in situ generated on the electrode.
Fundamental Symmetries and Spacetime Geometries in Gauge Theories of Gravity—Prospects for Unified Field Theories
Authors: Cabral Francisco , Lobo Francisco S. N. , Rubiera-Garcia Diego
Published: December 2020

Gravity can be formulated as a gauge theory by combining symmetry principles and geometrical methods in a consistent mathematical framework. The gauge approach to gravity leads directly to non-Euclidean, post-Riemannian spacetime geometries, providing the adequate formalism for metric-affine theories of gravity with curvature, torsion and non-metricity. In this paper, we analyze the structure of gauge theories of gravity and consider the relation between fundamental geometrical objects and symmetry principles as well as different spacetime paradigms. Special attention is given to Poincaré gauge theories of gravity, their field equations and Noether conserved currents, which are the sources of gravity. We then discuss several topics of the gauge approach to gravitational phenomena, namely, quadratic Poincaré gauge models, the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory, the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity, quadratic metric-affine Lagrangians, non-Lorentzian connections, and the breaking of Lorentz invariance in the presence of non-metricity. We also highlight the probing of post-Riemannian geometries with test matter. Finally, we briefly discuss some perspectives regarding the role of both geometrical methods and symmetry principles towards unified field theories and a new spacetime paradigm, motivated from the gauge approach to gravity.
Post-Editorial of the Special Issue “Estate Quantistica Conference—Recent Developments in Gravity, Cosmology, and Mathematical Physics”
Authors: Velten Hermano , Dito Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

This editorial summarizes the contributions presented during the Estate Quantistica 2018 and published in a special issue of Universe [...]
Ginseng Stem-Leaf Saponins in Combination with Selenium Promote the Immune Response in Neonatal Mice with Maternal Antibody
Authors: Wang Yong , Yuan Lijia , Cui Xuemei , Xu Wei , Fang Sijia , Li Zoushuyi , Lu Meiqian , Wu Ye , Ma Xiaodan , Chi Xiaoqing , Hu Songhua
Published: December 2020

Neonates acquire from their mothers maternal antibody (MatAb) which results in poor immune response to vaccination. We previously demonstrated that ginseng stem-leaf saponins in combination with selenium (GSe) had adjuvant effect on the immune response to an attenuated pseudorabies virus (aPrV) vaccine. The present study was to evaluate GSe for its effect on the immune response to aPrV vaccine in neonatal mice with MatAb. Results showed that GSe had adjuvant effect on the immune response to aPrV vaccine in neonates. When GSe was co-administered with aPrV vaccine (aP-GSe), specific gB antibody, Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) responses were significantly increased in association with enhanced protection of vaccinated neonates against the lethal PrV challenge even though MatAb existed when compared to the neonates immunized with aPrV vaccine alone. GSe-enhanced immune response depended on its use in the primary immunization. The mechanisms underlying the adjuvant effect of GSe may be due to more innate immune related pathways activated by GSe. Transcriptome analysis of splenocytes from neonates immunized with aP-GSe, aPrV or saline solution showed that there were 3976 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in aP-GSe group while 5959 DEGs in aPrV group when compared to the control. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis showed that innate immune responses and cytokine productions related terms or pathways were predominantly enriched in aP-GSe group, such as “NOD-like receptor signaling pathway”, “Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity”, “NF-κB signaling pathway”, “cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction”, and “Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation”. Considering the potent adjuvant effect of GSe on aPrV vaccine in neonatal mice with MatAb, it deserves further investigation in piglets.
GspD, The Type II Secretion System Secretin of Leptospira, Protects Hamsters against Lethal Infection with a Virulent L. interrogans Isolate
Authors: Llanos Salinas Samantha Paulina , Castillo Sánchez Luz Olivia , Castañeda Miranda Giselle , Rodríguez Reyes Ernesto Armando , Ordoñez López Liliana , Mena Bañuelos Rodrigo , Alcaraz Sosa Luz Elena , Núñez Carrera María Guadalupe , José Manuel Ramírez Ortega , Carmona Gasca Carlos Alfredo , Matsunaga James , Haake David A. , Candanosa Aranda Irma Eugenia , de la Peña-Moctezuma Alejandro
Published: December 2020

The wide variety of pathogenic Leptospira serovars and the weak protection offered by the available vaccines encourage the search for protective immunogens against leptospirosis. We found that the secretin GspD of the type II secretion system (T2S) of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola was highly conserved amongst pathogenic serovars and was expressed in vivo during infection, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Convalescent sera of hamsters, dogs, and cows showed the presence of IgG antibodies, recognizing a recombinant version of this protein expressed in Escherichia coli (rGspDLC) in Western blot assays. In a pilot vaccination study, a group of eight hamsters was immunized on days zero and 14 with 50 µg of rGspDLC mixed with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA). On day 28 of the study, 1,000 LD50 (Lethal Dose 50%) of a virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola (LOCaS46) were inoculated by an intraoral submucosal route (IOSM). Seventy-five percent protection against disease (p = 0.017573, Fisher’s exact test) and 50% protection against infection were observed in this group of vaccinated hamsters. In contrast, 85% of non-vaccinated hamsters died six to nine days after the challenge. These results suggest the potential usefulness of the T2S secretin GspD of Leptospira as a protective recombinant vaccine against leptospirosis.
Use of Multidimensional Models to Investigate Boundary Shear Stress through Meandering River Channels
Authors: Randle Timothy J.
Published: December 2020

Three-dimensional hydraulics were simulated through a wide range of synthetically generated meandering river channels to determine how channel curvature and width would correlate with the maximum boundary shear stress. Multidimensional models were applied, similar to a computational flume to simulate a wide range of 72 meandering channels, developed from sine-generated curves. Cannel sinuosity ranged from 1.1 to 3.0 and included five consecutive meander bends. Longitudinal slopes of the various channels spanned four orders of magnitude, while bankfull discharges spanned three orders of magnitude. Using results from one-half of the simulation sets, an empirical correlation was found to predict the maximum boundary shear stress as a function of dimensionless ratios of channel curvature and width. The remaining simulation sets were used for verification. Multidimensional models were used to simulate channel hydraulics to efficiently investigate a wide range of channel sinuosity, width/depth ratios, bankfull discharges, and valley slopes. When simulating such a wide range of channel conditions, multidimensional models offer a more efficiency method of generating consistent datasets than either field studies or physical modeling. This paper demonstrates how multidimensional models can be used to identify important hydraulic relationships that are otherwise difficult to determine.
SOCIAL DEMAND FOR A TEACHER-INNOVATOR
Authors: Syladiy Ivan
Published: December 2020

One of the necessary condition for the implementation of the concepts of democratization and humanization of education is the scientific and creative ability of teacher to self-development and selfimprovement. In this context, we note that according to experts, the following global phenomena significantly grow the need to increase the scientific capacity of the pedagogical process: informatization, digitalization, internationalization, virtualization of education, etc., where the teacherinnovator can introduce his own scientifically based opinion in the relevant scientific discourse, to develop and propose a new pedagogical technology or model of organization of managerial or educational work for implementation.
Estimating point prevalence of COVID-19 in Qatar’s primary care registered population: an RT-PCR drive-through study protocol
Authors: Syed Mohamed Ahmed , Al Nuaimi Ahmed Sameer , A/Qotba Hamda Abdulla , Al Mujjali Hanan , Abdulmalik Mariam Ali , Al Abdulla Samya Ahmad , Aladab Aisha Hussain , Kutty Kiran Govindan , Hamed Ehab Said
Published: December 2020

Background

The first COVID-19 cases in Qatar were reported on 29 February 2020. As the epidemic progresses, essential epidemiological information is needed to facilitate monitoring of COVID-19 in the population and plan the pandemic response in Qatar.

Aim

The primary aim of this cross-sectional study is to estimate the point prevalence of COVID-19 in Qatar’s primary care registered population.

Design & setting

A cross-sectional study design will be utilised. One publicly funded health centre from each of three geographical regions in Qatar will be identified as a study location and set up to facilitate a drive-through for the study.

Method

Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) is publicly funded and the largest primary care provider in Qatar. The study will include randomly selected individuals from the full list of PHCC's registered population on its electronic medical records system. The sample selection will be done using a proportional to size sampling technique stratified by age, sex, and nationality representative of the overall PHCC-registered population. Considering the total population registered in PHCC, a sample of 2080 is proposed. A questionnaire will be administered to collect sociodemographic information, and nasal and throat swab samples will be taken. Data will be analysed to report overall symptomatic and asymptomatic point prevalence of COVID-19.

Conclusion

This study, with the help of a randomly selected representative sample from Qatar’s primary care registered population, will provide results that can be applied to the entire population. This study design will closely represent a real-world scenario of the outbreak and is likely to provide important data to guide COVID-19 pandemic planning and response in Qatar.
Поняття, розвиток, етимологія жаргону кримінального та його місце в субкультурному просторі (історико-правовий аспект)
Authors: Шкуратенко О.
Published: December 2020

У статті розглянуто окремі питання такого соціокультурного явища, як кримінальний жаргон та визначено його сутності. Досліджено витоки та основні напрями розповсюдження комунікативного атрибута кримінальної субкультури – жаргону кримінального, або ж діалекту кримінального середовища. Також порушено проблему негативного впливу жаргону кримінального в суспільстві, де він поширюється протягом досить тривалого історичного періоду поспіль.
Соціальна компетентність як основа концепту «права людини»
Authors: Подорожна Т. , Котуха О.
Published: December 2020

У статті розглянуто концепт «права людини» з точки зору соціології права. Зазначено, що однією з центральних проблем теорії прав людини, а також формування особистості, є необхідність володіння так званою соціальною компетентністю. Її визначення зводиться до такого: соціальна компетентність являє собою певні – соціально значущі – знання і навички, якими володіє людина, соціальні та професійні групи, населення загалом; вони відображають соціальні явища і процеси; люди отримують їх впродовж особистого й суспільного життя, а також під час професійної діяльності. Значення цього поняття визначається наявними соціальними умовами – загальними, пов’язаними з характером суспільних відносин, соціальною структурою, загальною культурою, ступенем освіченості, релігійності населення; і специфічними, які пов’язані з розвиненістю демократичних інститутів суспільства, забезпеченістю прав і свобод громадян, враховуючи свободу слова і думок, отримання і передачі інформації, совісті тощо. Зроблено висновок, що права і свободи людини постають у вигляді важливої риси будь-якого типу цивілізації, який розкриває становище особистості в суспільстві, правові й моральні умови її існування та розвитку. Вони завжди пов’язані із задоволенням інтересів в особистому, політичному, економічному, соціальному та культурному житті і повинні відповідати реальним можливостям соціуму.
Notas sobre a superexploração da força de trabalho no Brasil no século XXI
Authors: Silva Anderson , Oliveira Ednéia Alves de
Published: December 2020

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre a relação da superexploração da força de trabalho no Brasil através de dados fornecidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), pelo Sistema de Contas Nacionais (SCN) e pelo Instituto Latino-Americano de Estudos Socioeconômicos (ILAESE). Entendemos que a categoria superexploração do trabalho analisada por Marini nos anos de 1970  nos permite constatar que, nas primeiras décadas do século XXI, explica a relação trabalhista no país e os fundamentos da acumulação capitalista em curso, seja pela via do arrocho salarial e também pelo aumento dos impostos sobre a classe trabalhadora.
Formulation of Two-Stage Problem of Structural-Parametric Synthesis of Adaptive Electronic Document Management System
Authors: Obukhov Artem , Krasnyanskiy Mikhail , Dedov Denis
Published: December 2020

The paper scrutinizers the options of optimization and adaption to the individual characteristics of users of Electronic Document Management Systems (EDMS). The problem solution requires further development of the necessary methods, models and criteria. Therefore, the article considers the problem of the structural-parametric synthesis of adaptive EDMS. On the basis of previously conducted research in this area, a new architecture of EDMS is developed, within which a mathematical model of adaptive EDMS is proposed. It includes the main components of the information system, as well as a set of estimates for a number of indicators: total discounted costs, productivity, software quality and, above all, adaptability to the requirements of the user. Using this mathematical model, a two-stage task of structural-parametric synthesis of an adaptive EDMS was set, at the first stage of which the system is synthesized according to the criterion of economic efficiency, and at the second stage the process happens according to its adaptation to each user. The scientific novelty of the proposed approach consists in dividing the optimization task into two stages such as the formalization of the criteria for adaptive EDMS and development of a new architecture and mathematical model of adaptive EDMS. The results can be used to solve problems of design, modernization and adaptation of various information systems
The Impact of CKD on Perioperative Risk and Mortality after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Carvalho Silveira Flavia , Martin William P. , Maranga Gabrielle , le Roux Carel W. , Ren-Fielding Christine J.
Published: December 2020

Background

Twenty percent of patients with CKD in the United States have a body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2. Bariatric surgery reduces progression of CKD to ESKD, but the risk of perioperative complications remains a concern.

Methods

The 24-month data spanning 2017–2018 were obtained from the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) database and analyzed. Surgical complications were assessed on the basis of the length of hospital stay, mortality, reoperation, readmission, surgical site infection (SSI), and worsening of kidney function during the first 30 days after surgery.

Results

The 277,948 patients who had primary bariatric procedures were 44±11.9 (mean ± SD) years old, 79.6% were women, and 71.2% were White. Mean BMI was 45.7±7.6 kg/m2. Compared with patients with an eGFR≥90 ml/min per BSA, those with stage 5 CKD/ESKD were 1.91 times more likely to be readmitted within 30 days of a bariatric procedure (95% CI, 1.37 to 2.67; P<0.001). Similarly, length of hospital stay beyond 2 days was 2.05-fold (95% CI, 1.64 to 2.56; P<0.001) higher and risk of deep incisional SSI was 6.92-fold (95% CI, 1.62 to 29.52; P=0.009) higher for those with stage 5 CKD/ESKD. Risk of early postoperative mortality increased with declining preoperative eGFR, such that patients with stage 3b CKD were 3.27 (95% CI, 1.82 to 5.89; P<0.001) times more likely to die compared with those with normal kidney function. However, absolute mortality rates remained relatively low at 0.53% in those with stage 3b CKD. Furthermore, absolute mortality rates were <0.5% in those with stages 4 and 5 CKD, and these advanced CKD stages were not independently associated with an increased risk of early postoperative mortality.

Conclusions

Increased severity of kidney disease was associated with increased complications after bariatric surgery. However, even for the population with advanced CKD, the absolute rates of postoperative complications were low. The mounting evidence for bariatric surgery as a renoprotective intervention in people with and without established kidney disease suggests that bariatric surgery should be considered a safe and effective option for patients with CKD.
Actualización: Fisiopatología, Diagnóstico y Manejo de la Hipercalcemia Maligna
Authors: Hernández Pereira Adrián Francisco , Quíros Chacón María José
Published: December 2020

Resumen

La hipercalcemia maligna es una complicación metabólica común de algunos tumores en estadios avanzados y se define por un valor de calcio sérico mayor a 10.5 mg/dl. Se encuentra principalmente en pacientes con cáncer de mama, pulmón, carcinoma renal, carcinoma de células escamosas de cualquier órgano y neoplasias sanguíneas, sin embargo; puede estar presente en  casi cualquier tipo de cáncer. La hipercalcemia maligna humoral es el principal mecanismo fisiopatológico de la hipercalcemia maligna, no obstante también puede asociarse a metástasis osteolíticas y con menos frecuencia a producción ectópica de calcitriol y hormona paratiroidea. La hipercalcemia maligna se clasifica en leve con valores de calcio sérico entre 10.5-11.9 mg/dl, moderada de 12-13.9 mg/dl y severa > a 14 mg/dl; la hipercalcemia leve suele ser asintomática mientras que en la formas moderada  y severa se asocian con una presentación clínica variada que van desde síntomas gastrointestinales, neurológicos hasta aquellos asociados con hipovolemia. Respecto al tratamiento este se debe enfocar en la fisiología del trastorno y se recomienda la hidratación agresiva, el uso de medicamentos como calcitonina, bifosfonatos o denosumab y en aquellos casos necesarios diuréticos, glucocorticoides y diálisis. El pronóstico de los pacientes con hipercalcemia maligna es pobre y se asocia con altas tasas de mortalidad.
Manejo del insomnio en el adulto
Authors: Valverde Jiménez Andrina , Agüero Sánchez Ana Catalina , Salazar Mayorga Juliana
Published: December 2020

El insomnio es un trastorno del inicio o mantenimiento del sueño; se clasifica según el tiempo de evolución, según si se asocia a otra patología y según su severidad. El diagnóstico es principalmente clínico, y no amerita de estudios complementarios como exámenes de laboratorio y gabinete. El tratamiento no farmacológico incluye la terapia de comportamiento cognitivo, las medidas de higiene del sueño, control de estímulos, y técnicas de relajación; mientras que el tratamiento farmacológico debe ser individualizado para cada paciente, y podría involucrar el uso benzodiacepinas, compuestos Z, antagonistas de melatonina o antidepresivos tricíclicos. Existe un gran impacto en la calidad de vida y salud física-mental en los pacientes que sufren de insomnio.
Promoción de la salud: una mirada crítica a sus antecedentes y al rol de los profesionales de salud
Authors: Flórez López María Eugenia
Published: December 2020

Introducción: Abordar el tema de Promoción de la salud y particularmente sus antecedentes, es un asunto de permanente vigencia, dada su importancia a la luz de las políticas internacionales de salud pública planteadas desde el siglo XX. Para que la Promoción de la Salud se siga fortaleciendo, se requiere de la creación de condiciones favorables a la salud en lo cual los profesionales de la salud juegan un rol trascendental, que pasa por su formación académica, continuando con su desempeño profesional y participación ciudadana.

Objetivo: Presentar una revisión crítica de los antecedentes de la promoción de la salud y del rol de los profesionales de la salud en su desarrollo.

Método: Se realizó una revisión de artículos, libros y documentos oficiales de organismos internacionales de salud, publicados en español y en inglés. Se usaron en español e inglés, los términos “promoción de la salud”, “personal de salud” y “salud pública”. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron PubMed, SciELO y Science Direct.

Conclusiones: Los hallazgos muestran cómo la Promoción de la salud ha estado enmarcada en críticas y debates desde su origen, lo que demuestra su importancia y vigencia en el tiempo; los profesionales de la salud como actores principales en la promoción de la salud, deben recibir desde su formación las bases necesarias para su aplicación profesional y personal.
Book Review: "From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime The Making of Mass Incarceration in America"
Authors: Fegley Tate
Published: December 2020

The great extent of federal involvement in local criminal justice matters was not established overnight, but over the course of several decades. This is the primary subject of Elizabeth Hinton’s book, From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America, wherein she catalogs the vast increases in federal spending on grants to state and local governments for policing and prison initiatives that occurred during the presidential administrations of John F. Kennedy to Ronald Reagan. Chapter after chapter simply describe the activities of the federal government in influencing local law enforcement and the expansion of prisons over the relevant time period. But the lack of any overarching argument leaves the reader feeling as though he is just reading a long series of facts.
Book Review: "Escaping Paternalism"
Authors: Gordon David
Published: December 2020

In Escaping Paternalism, Mario J. Rizzo and Glen Whitman offer a response to Thaler and Sunstein’s argument for government interference with people's choices. Though the book is dense and difficult, it is far and away the best discussion of behavioral economics. The authors do not claim to have proved that behavioral economists err in asserting that people choose irrationally. Their claim is that irrationality has not been proven to exist. In other words, we in fact know much less about the prevalence of irrational choice than some behavioral economists think we do.
Pelaksanaan Mitigasi Bencana Kebakaran Pada Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran Kabupaten Buton
Authors: Asiri La
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Pelaksanaan Mitigasi Bencana Kebakaran Pada Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran Kabupaten Buton. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui serangkain wawancar dan observasi terhadap pihak yang relevan dengan kajian penelitian, yang kemudian data dianalisis melalui metode interaktif yang lazim dalam penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses-proses mitigasi bencana dapat digambarkan sebagai berikut; 1) Kesiapsiagaan sudah berjalan dengan baik, hanya saja saran dan prasarana pendukung terbatas; 2) Pelaksanaan mitigasi bencana berjalan baik, hal ini didukung dengan adanya peta rawan bencana serta partisipasi masyarakat sadar dan tanggap bencana; 3) Tanggap darurat bencana yang dilaksanakan oleh Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran belum maksimal; sedangkan tahap 4) Rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi pasca bencana merupakan kewenangan dari instansi lain, dalam hal ini Dinas Sosial dan Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah.
Los trabajadores argentinos de la comunicación y la cultura
Authors:   , Baranchuk Mariana
Published: December 2020

La Tesis “Los trabajadores argentinos de la Comunicación y la Cultura. Organización, historia y regulaciones” describe las estrategias que los trabajadores de la comunicación y la cultura se han dado a través de la historia para estructurar sus organizaciones representativas a fin de preservar derechos adquiridos; avanzar en la conquista de derechos postergados y vislumbrar la necesidad de defender nuevos derechos a partir de los modos con los que el devenir de la técnica y la evolución del capital afectaron al sector. En ese sentido, las estrategias puestas en marcha, son tan diversas, como las situaciones que deben enfrentar: desde la negociación en el marco de los convenios colectivos de trabajo a la acción gremial directa; desde propiciar marcos regulatorios específicos y legislación acorde a llevar adelante actividades intersindicales puntuales o crear organizaciones permanentes de diversa índole. El estudio agrupa a los colectivos que representan a los siguientes trabajadores de la comunicación y la cultura: actores, artistas de variedades, autores/guionistas, canillitas, directores audiovisuales, gráficos, locutores, músicos, técnicos de cine, técnicos de la TV, técnicos de la radio, trabajadores de la publicidad y trabajadores de prensa. El recorte de actividades se centró en aquellos trabajadores de la comunicación y la cultura en la que alguna de sus organizaciones representativas conforma o ha conformado la Confederación de los Trabajadores de los Medios de Comunicación Social (COSITMECOS). Asimismo, alguno de estos colectivos se han dado, antes o después de su organización sindical, sociedades gestoras que protegen sus derechos de propiedad intelectual. Las problemáticas que aquejan a los trabajadores de la comunicación y la cultura y a sus organizaciones adquieren la condición de “interés público” dado que no involucran sólo a los sujetos directamente afectados, sino que incluyen a la sociedad en su conjunto pudiendo menoscabar la propia calidad democrática (incluido el derecho al goce de los bienes culturales). Es en función de lo antedicho que el análisis de dichas problemáticas aparece como imperioso para las ciencias sociales; para los estudios en comunicación; para las organizaciones de los trabajadores de la comunicación y la cultura y para los responsables de legislar en la materia.
JEBAKAN HIDUP DI DALAM LINGKARAN KEHIDUPAN MANUSIA SEJAK LAHIR HINGGA DEWASA
Authors: Koo Helma Kinaya Putri
Published: December 2020

Tidak banyak dari kita yang menyadari bahwa sebenarnya setiap individu memiliki jebakan yang menempel dalam diri mereka. Kebanyakan dari itu belum sepenuhnya menghilang atau bahkan belum bisa diobati. Terkadang banyak dari kita tidak menyadari adanya jebakan hidup yang mengekang hidup kita. Jeffrey Young, Ph.D and Janet Klosko, Ph.D, (2013) menjelaskan konsep life trap atau jebakan kehidupan. Di dalam buku tersebut jebakan kehidupan digambarkan sebagai pola hidup negatif yang terjadi berulang-ulang sehingga menghambat kita mencapai apa yang kita inginkan [1]. Life Traps yang paling sering dialami oleh setiap individu dikelompokkan menjadi 11 macam, yaitu : Abandonment, Mistrust Abuse, Emotional Deprivation, Social Exclusion, Dependece, Vulnerability, Defectiveness, Failure, Subjugation, Unrelenting Standart, Entitlement [2]. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jebakan hidup di dalam lingkaran kehidupan manusia sejak lahir hingga dewasa agar setiap individu lebih mengerti dimana posisinya dan apa jebakan yang masih mengekangnya dengan harapan ke depannya setiap individu bisa lebih mengerti bagaimana cara menghadapi jebakan hidup tersebut dan menemukan jalan keluar terbaik demi mencapai kesejahteraan hidup [2]. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan, mindset, pola asuh, dan karakteristik kepribadian mempengaruhi munculnya jebakan hidup dari setiap individu.
Productivity of apple tree of idared variety under different fertilization in repeatedly cultivated plantations
Authors: Kopylko P.G. , Yakovenko R.V.
Published: December 2020

The results of the long-term studies of yield formation and fruit quality of Idared apple variety on seed and vegetative M4 wilding for re-cultivation on mineral nutrition, created by long-term application of various fertilizer systems on dark gray podzolic soil in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine have been considered. Throughout the growing period of the first and second generation of apple trees in the experimental garden organic (40 t/ha of cattle manure) and mineral fertilizer (N120R120K120) and their combination (20 t/ha of manure + N60R60K60) have bben used.
Organic fertilizer had the most positive effect on the formation of soil fertility (humus and mobile nutrients, soil reaction, soil biological activity) and, accordingly, increased the yield of trees on seed wilding - by 27.7% and on wilding M4 - by 24.4% compared with the yield in the control version without fertilizer and, respectively, by 11.0 and 10.4% compared with the variant of mineral fertilizer. The level of yield capacity of organic and mineral fertilizer was intermediate. In the same pattern, the quality of apples improved a bit: size, yield of the highest and first commodity varieties, the content of dry soluble substances, sugars and organic acids.
Key words: apple tree, fertilizer, wilding, yield, fruit quality.