bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doença Causada por Filovírus: Uma Atualização
Authors: Marx de Andrade Rafael , Paulos Andreia , Valadas Emília , Laerte Pinto Junior Vitor
Published: November 2024

Os vírus Marburgo e Ébola pertencem à família Filoviridae e são conhecidos por causar doenças zoonóticas emergentes. Estes vírus apresentam alta letalidade e são facilmente transmissíveis de pessoa para pessoa, o que os torna potencialmente capazes de desencadear epidemias, inclusive em regiões não endémicas, sendo também considerados agentes de bioterrorismo. Os morcegos frugívoros são os reservatórios naturais destes filovírus. A transmissão para humanos ocorre através do contacto direto com fluidos corporais ou tecidos de humanos ou animais infetados. A forma mais grave da doença causada por filovírus manifesta-se como hemorragia mucocutânea, frequentemente acompanhada por falência multiorgânica, que é a principal causa de morte. Tradicionalmente, estas doenças são classificadas no grupo das febres hemorrágicas virais, embora este termo esteja a ser abandonado, pois nem sempre há manifestações hemorrágicas ou febre na história clínica dos doentes. Atualmente, não existe um tratamento antiviral específico para a doença causada por filovírus, e a abordagem terapêutica consiste em medidas de suporte. Existem, no entanto, três vacinas licenciadas para o vírus Ébola do Zaire assim como anticorpos monoclonais indicados no tratamento e na profilaxia pós-exposição. Devido à importância em termos de saúde pública e à possibilidade da ocorrência de casos fora de África, esta revisão tem como objetivo aprimorar o conhecimento clínico e a abordagem de casos suspeitos de doença causada por filovírus. A melhoria na vigilância e a preparação para potenciais surtos globais são medidas essenciais paraobter uma resposta eficaz a estas ameaças de saúde pública e para garantir que os profissionais de saúde estão bem informados e preparados para lidar com estas doenças.
Türkiye'de Çevre Dilbilim Uygulamaları
Authors: Tahir Dilek , Şahin Sedat
Published: November 2024

Dilbilimde yapısalcılığın kurucusu olarak kabul edilen Saussure’nin yöntemleri sosyal bilimlerin yanı sıra doğa bilimleri ve fen bilimlerinde de kullanılmıştır. Uygulamalı dilbilimin alt dallarından biri olan çevrebilim kavramını ise ilk defa Ernst Haeckel biyoloji alanında kullanmıştır ve ardından sosyal bilimler alanında yerini almıştır. Einar Haugen ilk kez çevre dilbilim kavramını kullanmış, Alwin Fill ise bu soyut anlayışı geliştirerek ve çevrebilimi temel alarak kavramı çevre ile dil düzlemine aktarmıştır. Çevre dilbilim, bir yandan hayvanların, bitkilerin, su, toprak vb. yaşam kaynaklarının tahribatı ve korunması üzerinde dururken, öte yandan dillerin zarar görüp yok olması konusuna vurgu yapmıştır. Dil, dünyanın her yerinde insan ile birlikte yaşayan bir olgu olduğundan, dilin yanlış kullanımı, unutulması ya da yok olması o dile mensup kişilerin de etkilenmesi anlamına gelebilir. Bu etkileme ve zarar görme sürecini engellemek adına, çevre dilbilim hakkında farkındalık yaratmak önem arz etmektedir. Türkiye’de birçok alanda çevrebilim açısından yapılmış çalışmalar bulunmasına rağmen, okullarda çevre konusu, dolaylı olarak farklı ders kitaplarının içinde ünitelerle sınırlı kalmıştır. Çevre dilbilim ise Türkiye’de arka planda kalmış, pek bilinmeyen bir bilim dalıdır. Dilimizi, kültürümüzü, çevremizi, hayvanları, yaşam kaynaklarımızı korumak, bu konuda farkındalık yaratmak ve daha bilinçli nesiller yetiştirmek adına okullarda çevre dilbilim derslerinin konulması, Türk toplumuna çevre dilbiliminin ve amaçlarının tanıtılması önerilmektedir.
Mapping carbon emission networks in China: insights from province-level spatial differentiation
Authors: Liu Yishuang , Deng Li
Published: November 2024

In the current global economic downturn and energy transition period, how to better coordinate the differences in carbon emission footprints among sub-regions has become an emerging issue. With the Gini decomposition method, social network analysis, and difference-in-differences estimation, this study explores the spatial differentiation of China’s province-level carbon emission footprint from 2000 to 2021. The findings of this study indicate that: (1) The Gini-based carbon emission footprint index shows an overall upward trend, revealing the constantly expanding differences among provinces. By comparison, the crude oil difference between the low-carbon pilot and non-pilot provinces is evident, reaching more than 0.15; (2) The carbon emission footprint spatial correlation network structure shows strong spillover characteristics. Provinces with higher network centrality have better structural holes, maintaining closer relationships with surrounding provinces. Those pilot provinces have a comparative advantage regarding social network position, as they have more effective mutual node connections; and (3) China’s low-carbon pilot policy can effectively reduce carbon emissions, with a certain reduction effect of -17.433 in comparison. Industrial rational transformation and green innovation performance are essential in this emission reduction process. At the crossroads of sustainable development, it will be incredibly beneficial to speed up the green transformation by enhancing the coordinated development of regional characteristics.
A comprehensive review of patient-reported outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Sapmaz Aybuke , Paik Annette , Henry Linda , Younossi Zobair M.
Published: November 2024

The global prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes has increased, contributing to an increased worldwide prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Currently, one in three adults is affected by MASLD and/or its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), making this liver disease a significant public health challenge. Along with MASH-related cirrhosis, these conditions are poised to become the leading causes of chronic liver disease and liver transplants in the near future. Given the growing burden of MASLD and MASH, it is crucial to understand their impact from the patients’ perspective. One way to do this is by assessing patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including health-related quality of life (HRQL). HRQL can be assessed using generic instruments like the short form 36 version (SF-36) and the European quality of life-5 dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D), or disease-specific tools such as the chronic liver disease questionnaire for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (CLDQ-NASH). Given the limitations of each instrument, the best approach generally involves using both generic and disease-specific instruments. Evidence indicates that HRQL scores are significantly lower in individuals with MASLD, especially in areas assessing physical activity and the ability to perform daily living tasks. Fatigue and impaired work productivity are also important PROs for those with MASLD/MASH. These decrements in PROs worsen with disease progression but appear to improve with disease regression, including improvements linked to treatment. In this context, measuring PROs enhances the assessment of other patient-centric outcomes and provides insights for the healthcare community to develop interventions that could improve both clinical and humanistic outcomes for individuals living with MASLD/MASH.
PENDEKATAN PEMBANGUNAN DAMPAK RENDAH UNTUK SUMUR RESAPAN DAN ANALISIS BIAYA INVESTASINYA DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN
Authors: Kurnianingsih Oktavia , Deni Delista Putri
Published: November 2024

Flood, economic and environmental problems in the implementation of sustainable drainage systems in developing countries are very complex. The use of infiltration wells as an alternative method to infiltrate groundwater as one of the low-impact developments. Infiltration wells function to accommodate and absorb water into the soil. The high growth of the population led to an increase in development. Development that has an impact on the reduction of catchment areas, this research aims to approach the low-impact development strategy (LID) in urban areas in developing countries. Sustainable drainage development is still limited to the regional budget. Cost analysis was carried out by hydrological modeling for infiltration well planning. Infiltration wells are chosen as sustainable drainage. Infiltration wells can reduce the risk of flooding and drought. Discharge analysis with the Rational Method. The planning of the dimensional infiltration well was calculated using the Sunjoto formula and the basic design using filitration. The infiltration well model is planned with a depth of 1.7 m and a diameter of 1 m. The cost of making an infiltration well is Rp 2,125,500 for one well. This research is expected to help decision-making in sustainable urban water management. Flood and drought mitigation balancers and costs. 
IMPLIKATUR DAN MAKSUD TUTURAN BERBAHASA JAWA DALAM ANTOLOGI CERKAK SIMBAR MENJANGAN KARYA IMPIAN NOPITASARI
Authors: Wardana Sarwo Edi
Published: November 2024

People sometimes do not clearly state what they mean, but instead, use other statements that are certainly understood by their speaking partner. This is an implication. Implications can also be found in the form of Javanese language statements because of the characteristic of Javanese people who tend to be indirect in expressing something. This article aims to discuss the implications and the meanings of Javanese language statements in the anthology of cerkak (cerita cekak)/'short stories' entitled Simbar Menjangan (2022) by Impian Nopitasari. This object was chosen because the speech in it is pragmatically close to everyday life and contains various Javanese speeches against the backdrop of plural Javanese life stories, such as urban and rural life, migration, relations between two cultures, and so on. This article is a descriptive-qualitative study with data collection through the observe-record method and data processing and analysis using the contextual pragmatic matching method. The theory of implication is used to examine the principle of cooperation through four maxim principles developed by Grice (1989), that's quantity maxim, quality maxim, relation maxim, and manner maxim. The results of the study show that (1) there are seven meanings in implications, including allowing, convincing, providing reasons, agreeing (as politeness), inciting gossip, rejecting/avoiding gossip, and opening/inciting conversation; (2) the meanings of implications in the Javanese language statements have their characteristics, i.e. many statements are found that have different meanings or convey meanings or information that are not direct. This is certainly based on Javanese social and cultural aspects, such as habits, politeness, formality, and familiarity. 
JACIII Best Paper and Young Researcher Awards 2024 Congratulations !
Authors:   Editorial Office
Published: November 2024

We are pleased to announce that the JACIII Awards of 2024 have been decided by the JACIII editorial board. This year, the award winning papers were severely and fairly selected among 329 papers published in JACIII Vols.25 (2021) to 27 (2023) and there was no entries that deserved the Best Review Paper award. The award ceremony was held on September 30, 2024 in hybrid style (both on-site and online; venue: Gakushikaikan, Tokyo, Japan), attended by the authors and JACIII editorial board members who took part in the selection process. We congratulate the winners and sincerely wish them success in the future.

JACIII BEST PAPER AWARD 2024

Yuri Murayama and Ichiro Kobayashi

Toward Question-Answering with Multi-Hop Reasoning and Calculation over Knowledge Using a Neural Network Model with External Memories

JACIII Vol.27 No.3, pp. 481-489, 2023.

JACIII YOUNG RESEARCHER AWARD 2024

Takenori Obo

Human Pose Estimation with Multi-Camera Localization Using Multi-Objective Optimization Based on Topological Structured Learning

JACIII Vol.27 No.4, pp. 543-553, 2023.
JACIII Distinguished Editor & Outstanding Reviewer Awards 2024
Authors:   Editorial Office
Published: November 2024

The JACIII Distinguished Editor and Outstanding Reviewer Awards were established for the purpose to honor editors who have made a significant contribution to the growth of the JACIII in 2018 and to acknowledge reviewers who have made a significant contribution to reviewing in 2023. We express our deepest gratitude for their professional work, which we believe conductive to development of not only the JACIII but also scientific research.
RCT-YOLOv8: A Tuna Detection Model for Distant-Water Fisheries Based on Improved YOLOv8
Authors: Zhou Qingyi ,   Editorial Office, Liu Yuqing
Published: November 2024

With the development of distant-water fisheries, ship fishing and fish catch detection are now vital to modern fishing. Existing manual detection methods are prone to issues such as missed detections and false detections. Deep learning has enabled the deployment of detection models on shipboard devices, offering a new solution. However, many existing models are hindered by large parameters and computational complexity, making them unsuitable for shipboard use due to limited resources and costs onboard ships. To address these challenges, we propose the RCT-YOLOv8 model for tuna catch detection in this paper. Specifically, we adopt YOLOv8 as the base model and replace the network backbone with RepVGG network, which employs re-parameterized convolutions to enhance detection accuracy. Additionally, we incorporate coordinate attention at the end of the backbone to better aggregate channel-wise information. In the neck part, we introduce the contextual transformer (CoT) attention and propose the C2F-CoT model, which combines convolutional neural network with Transformer to capture global features, thereby improving detection accuracy and the effectiveness of feature propagation. We test multiple loss functions and select efficient intersection over union, which is more suitable for our algorithm. Furthermore, to adapt to devices with limited computational resources, we utilize the dependency-graph-based pruning method to compress the network model. Compared to the base network, the pruned model achieves a 9.8% increase in detection accuracy while reducing parameters and computational complexity by 40% and 35.8%, respectively. Compared to various algorithms, the pruned model demonstrates the highest detection accuracy, lowest parameter count, and lowest computational complexity, achieving optimal results at all fronts.
Adding Noise to Super-Resolution Training Set: Method to Denoise Super Resolution for Structure from Motion Preprocessing
Authors: Zhang Kaihang ,   Editorial Office, Nobuhara Hajime , Haris Muhammad
Published: November 2024

The resolution and noise levels of input images directly affect the three-dimensional (3D) structure-from-motion (SfM) reconstruction performance. Conventional super-resolution (SR) methods focus too little on denoising, and latent image noise becomes worse when resolution is improved. This study proposes two SR denoising training algorithms to simultaneously improve resolution and noise: add-noise-before-downsampling and downsample-before-adding-noise. These portable methods preprocess low-resolution training images using real-world noise samples instead of altering the basic neural network. Hence, they concurrently improve resolution while reducing noise for an overall cleaner SfM performance. We applied these methods to the existing SR network: super-resolution convolutional neural network, enhanced deep residual super-resolution, residual channel attention network, and efficient super-resolution transformer, comparing their performances with those of conventional methods. Impressive peak signal-to-noise and structural similarity improvements of 0.12 dB and 0.56 were achieved on the noisy images of Smartphone Image Denoising Dataset, respectively, without altering the network structure. The proposed methods caused a very small loss (<0.01 dB) on clean images. Moreover, using the proposed SR algorithm makes the 3D SfM reconstruction more complete. Upon applying the methods to non-preprocessed and conventionally preprocessed models, the mean projection error was reduced by a maximum of 27% and 4%, respectively, and the number of 3D densified points was improved by 310% and 7%, respectively.
Health Big Data Classification Based on Collaborative Training Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jianwei ,   Editorial Office, Liu Haiyan
Published: November 2024

In semisupervised learning, particularly in dealing with health big data classification problems, optimizing the performance of classifiers has always been a challenge. Accordingly, this study explores an optimization algorithm based on collaborative training to better handle health big data. First, the tri-training and decision tree classification models were selected for comparison. The average classification accuracy of the tri-training classification model was 4.20% higher than that of the decision tree classification model. Subsequently, the standard tri-training classifier was compared with these two classifiers. The classification accuracy of the standard tri-training classifier increased by 3.88% and 4.33%, respectively, compared with the aforementioned two classifiers. Finally, under the condition of 10% labeled samples, the performance of the collaborative training optimization algorithm was verified under three different basis classifiers. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of optimization algorithms based on collaborative training in dealing with health big data classification problems. By improving the performance of the classifier, health big data can be predicted and analyzed more accurately, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of medical decision-making. Meanwhile, the application of this optimization algorithm also provides new research directions for other semisupervised learning problems.
Manual Forearm Palpation in Acute Forearm Compartment Syndrome Is Not Accurate
Authors: Haydar Jouad , Ernstbrunner Lukas , Ackland David C. , Pullen Christopher , Treseder Thomas
Published: November 2024

Background:

Manual compartment palpation is used as a component of the clinical diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome (ACS), particularly in obtunded patients. However, its utility and accuracy in the upper limb are unknown. The purposes of this study were to assess the accuracy of manual compartment palpation of ACS in the forearm in a cadaveric model and to assess the role of clinician experience in this setting.

Methods:

Reproducible, sustained elevation of intracompartmental pressure was established in 8 fresh upper-limb cadaveric specimens. The 3 forearm compartments (volar, dorsal, and mobile wad) were randomized to pressures of 20 and 40 mm Hg (negative controls) and 60 and 80 mm Hg (ACS). This was achieved by using fluid infusion and a pressure monitoring system. Orthopaedic clinicians with varying experience (residents, registrars, and consultants) used palpation to assess forearm compartments with known intracompartmental pressures. The examiners were blinded to the compartment pressures and the other examiners’ responses. After the examination, the following 3 questions were answered: (1) Was compartment syndrome present? (2) In which compartment(s) was the pressure elevated? (3) What would be the next management step (fasciotomy or observation)?

Results:

Manual palpation of compartment pressure had an overall sensitivity of 70%, a specificity of 56%, a positive predictive value of 24%, a negative predictive value of 90%, and a likelihood ratio (LR) of 20.3 (p < 0.001). The sensitivity was similar in detecting ACS in the volar and dorsal compartments (70% and 69%, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of combined volar and dorsal compartment palpation were 81% and 64% (LR, 16.6; p < 0.001) when performed by residents, 72% and 46% (LR, 4.2; p = 0.040) when performed by registrars, and 58% and 63% (LR, 3.6; p = 0.057) when performed by consultants. All of the compartments that were deemed positive for ACS were recommended for fasciotomy.

Conclusions:

In our study, manual palpation of compartment pressure had a low accuracy in the diagnosis of ACS of the forearm and was not improved by clinician experience.

Clinical Relevance:

We recommend against the use of manual palpation of compartment pressure in the diagnosis of forearm ACS in an obtunded patient.
A Novel Preoperative Scoring System to Accurately Predict Cord-Level Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Data Loss During Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Lee Nathan J. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Arvind Varun , Shi Ted , Dionne Alexandra C. , Nnake Chidebelum , Yeary Mitchell , Fields Michael , Simhon Matt , Ferraro Anastasia , Cooney Matthew , Lewerenz Erik , Reyes Justin L. , Roth Steven G. , Hung Chun Wai , Scheer Justin K. , Zervos Thomas , Thuet Earl D. , Lombardi Joseph M. , Sardar Zeeshan M. , Lehman Ronald A. , Roye Benjamin D. , Vitale Michael G. , Hassan Fthimnir M.
Published: November 2024

Background:

An accurate knowledge of a patient’s risk of cord-level intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) data loss is important for an informed decision-making process prior to deformity correction, but no prediction tool currently exists.

Methods:

A total of 1,106 patients with spinal deformity and 205 perioperative variables were included. A stepwise machine-learning (ML) approach using random forest (RF) analysis and multivariable logistic regression was performed. Patients were randomly allocated to training (75% of patients) and testing (25% of patients) groups. Feature score weights were derived by rounding up the regression coefficients from the multivariable logistic regression model. Variables in the final scoring calculator were automatically selected through the ML process to optimize predictive performance.

Results:

Eight features were included in the scoring system: sagittal deformity angular ratio (sDAR) of ≥15 (score = 2), type-3 spinal cord shape (score = 2), conus level below L2 (score = 2), cervical upper instrumented vertebra (score = 2), preoperative upright largest thoracic Cobb angle of ≥75° (score = 2), preoperative lower-extremity motor deficit (score = 2), preoperative upright largest thoracic kyphosis of ≥80° (score = 1), and total deformity angular ratio (tDAR) of ≥25 (score = 1). Higher cumulative scores were associated with increased rates of cord-level IONM data loss: patients with a cumulative score of ≤2 had a cord-level IONM data loss rate of 0.9%, whereas those with a score of ≥7 had a loss rate of 86%. When evaluated in the testing group, the scoring system achieved an accuracy of 93%, a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 94%, and an AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 0.898.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to provide an ML-derived preoperative scoring system that predicts cord-level IONM data loss during pediatric and adult spinal deformity surgery with >90% accuracy.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Studi komparatif: analisis perhitungan biaya produksi berbasis tekno-ekonomi dalam alternatif metode pembuatan telur asin
Authors: Kastaman Roni , Syahmurman Faizal
Published: November 2024

Salted eggs are a popular product, but their fragile nature requires preservation methods. One such method is salting. The production process involves direct costs (raw materials and labor) and indirect costs. Minimizing production costs is crucial for maximizing profit and shaping the company's strategy.This study aims to compares the method of curing salted eggs using red bricks and ash with salting eggs using reverse osmosis technology. Reverse osmosis method is an innovative approach in salted egg production that replaces the traditional salting method. In this method, eggs are not soaked in a salt solution but processed using high-pressure equipment to remove water from the eggs and introduce salt into them. This allows for a reduction in the time required for the salted egg production process. The result showed that the Total cost of production per one product cycle with the reverse osmosis method has a lower cost than conventional methods of IDR.257.88. The red brick method has a total cost of IDR.993,401, and the method of ash rub was the highest, with a total cost of IDR.1.017.701.Therefore, the reverse osmosis method becomes the best salting method in a cost-efficient way and has better performance.
Formulasi ekstrak fraksi etanol kulit biji kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai antioksidan alami pada sabun padat
Authors: Nurvabilla Resha , Putri Selly Harnesa , Widyasanti Asri
Published: November 2024

A cocoa bean shell is a waste from cocoa bean processing that contains active compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and tannins, where these compounds are antioxidant compounds that can be utilized as natural antioxidants in soap. This study aimed to determine the formulation by adding cocoa bean shell extract that produces solid soap with the highest antioxidant activity according to SNI 3532:2021. The Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method was used in this study with concentration treatments, which were F0 = 0% (w/v), F1 = 1% (w/v), F2 = 2% (w/v), F3 = 3% (w/v), F4 = 4% (w/v), F5 = 5% (w/v), and F6 = 6% (w/v), on moisture content, acidity (pH), organoleptic, irritation, and antioxidant activity of solid soap. The results showed that cocoa bean shell extract had an IC50 value of 68.12 ppm. The moisture content value of solid soap was in the range of 14.21-23.11%, pH 8.88-9.05, antioxidant activity of 43.33-61.46%, and non-irritating. Thus, the solid soap formulation with the highest antioxidant activity and according to SNI 3532:2021 was solid soap with the addition of 5% extract (F5).
Gestión del talento humano y el desempeño laboral en asesores comerciales de la compañía Sales Group SAC, distrito de Miraflores (Lima- Perú), 2022
Authors:   , Grecio Pirca Teofila Ana , Coarita Cunurana Marilu Dina
Published: November 2024

La Gestión del Talento humano, en el mundo actual, ayuda a la organización a tener un colaborador con competencias y habilidades, en ese sentido, el estudio analizó GTH y su relación con el desempeño laboral en asesores comerciales de la compañía Sales Group SAC, de Lima. Con enfoque cuantitativo de tipo aplicada con diseño no experimental y de nivel correlacional. La población objeto de estudio fueron 52 consultores seleccionadas. Del análisis estadístico se concluyó que existe relación mediante la prueba de Spearman (0.559) con un sig=0.000<0.05, demostrándose que existe relación moderada. Por lo tanto, se evidenció la asociación positiva entre GTH y el DL en la empresa, de manera moderada.
Factores que se relacionan en la satisfacción laboral del usuario interno en el servicio de emergencia de una clínica privada de la ciudad de Arequipa - 2022
Authors:   , Echevarría Villanueva Jorge Antonio , Portugal Mendiguri Rossana Fabiola
Published: November 2024

Objetivos: Identificar los factores que se relacionan en la Satisfacción Laboral (SL) del usuario interno en el servicio de emergencia de una clínica privada de la ciudad de Arequipa – 2022. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal con muestreo censal a 47 trabajadores del servicio de emergencia de la clínica privada, a los cuales se aplicó una ficha sociodemográfica y laboral, un cuestionario de Factores Motivacionales de Herzberg y un cuestionario SL-SPC. Resultados: Se evidencia que los usuarios internos se encuentran en mayor proporción en edades de más de 45 años, son de sexo femenino y nivel de estudio técnico, con el ingreso económico entre S/.3500 – S/.4500, y con niveles altos de motivación intrínseca y extrínseca, los cuales tienen una tendencia a tener niveles altos de satisfacción laboral. Conclusiones: Los factores sociodemográficos que influyen en la SL son: la edad, sexo, estado civil y nivel de estudio. Así mismo, solo el factor de ingreso económico incide en la SL. También, la motivación extrínseca está relacionadas con la satisfacción laboral. Así mismo, la situación laboral, años de servicio y motivación extrínseca no tienen relación con la SL de los usuarios internos del servicio de emergencia de la clínica privada.
Household contact antigen-specific TNF and IL-2 T-cell responses and impact of index case Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosolization and HIV Co-infection
Authors: Njagi Lilian N. , Nduba Videlis , Murithi Wilfred Bundi , Mwongera Zipporah , Cook Kennadi , Mecha Jerphason , Chacha Robi , Fennelly Kevin P. , Horne David J. , Hawn Thomas R.
Published: November 2024

Exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) culminates in heterogeneous outcomes, including variation in Mtb antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) T-cell responses. IFN-γ-independent cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL-2), offer potential diagnostic improvements and insights into pathogenesis. We hypothesized that ESAT6/CFP10 TNF and IL-2 responses improve Mtb infection detection among exposed household contacts (HHCs) and are associated with index case Mtb aerosolization (i.e., cough aerosol culture positive for Mtb growth, CAC+]) and HIV co-infection. We enrolled individuals with PTB and their HHCs in a longitudinal study in Nairobi, Kenya. We measured TNF and IL-2 in HHCs from QuantiFERON-TB Plus TB1 tube supernatants. An additional 9.2% (25) HHCs beyond the 58.6% (129) with an IFN-γ response demonstrated an antigen-specific increase in IL-2 and TNF. HHCs of CAC + participants were more likely to have positive IL-2 (84.6% vs. 53.8%, p = 0.02) and IFN-γ (88.0% vs. 54.9%, p = 0.01), but not TNF responses, compared to CAC-negative individuals. While HIV co-infection in the index was negatively associated with IFN-γ responses in HHCs (35.7% vs. 62.3%, p = 0.03), IL-2 and TNF responses did not differ. Antigen-specific ESAT6/CFP10 IL-2 and TNF may increase rates of Mtb infection detection and provide insights into Mtb transmission and pathogenesis.
Soil Quality Assessment in Agricultural Lands of an Industrializing Region of India
Authors: Kanagaraj Avinash , kaliappan Sathiya Bama , S Thenmozhi , A Bharani , R Kumaraperumal , S Pazhanivelan , PC Prabhu
Published: November 2024

Soil degradation due to industrialization is a growing global concern, emphasizing the importance of evaluating soil quality near industrial zones to ensure food security, environmental sustainability, and public health. This study compares soil quality across five industrial sites, including foundries, electroplating, paper mills, textile mills, and quarries and cement industries in Coimbatore district. Soil samples were collected by purposive sampling approach from nearby agricultural fields using a 500 m2 grid. Soil quality was assessed by including all soil parameters as soil quality indicators by using principal component analysis and correlation studies with minimum data set followed by linear scoring and weighted additive method. Soil quality is ranked as follows: based on soil quality index: Reference soils (0.752) > Foundry industrial sites (0.591) > Quarry and cement industrial sites (0.554) > Paper mill sites (0.552) > Textile and dyeing industrial sites (0.500) > Electroplating industrial sites (0.482). The findings reveal that industrial activities significantly compromise soil quality in adjacent agricultural areas, with varying levels of impact.
Predictive Model for HBsAg Clearance Rate in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Pegylated Interferon α-2b for 48 Weeks
Authors: TAN Zhili , KONG Nan , ZHANG Qiran , GAO Xiaohong , SHANG Jia , GENG Jiawei , YOU Ruirui , WANG Tao , GUO Ying , WU Xiaoping , ZHANG Wenhong , QU Lihong , ZHANG Fengdi
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major global health concern. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance in CHB patients treated with pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFNα-2b) for 48 weeks and to establish a predictive model.
Methods: This analysis is based on the "OASIS" project, a prospective real-world multicenter study in China. We included CHB patients who completed 48 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2b treatment. Patients were randomly assigned to a training set and a validation set in a ratio of approximately 4:1 by spss 26.0, and were divided into clearance and non-clearance groups based on HBsAg status at 48 weeks. Clinical data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, employing chi-square tests for categorical data and Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables. Significant factors (p<0.05) were incorporated into a binary logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of HBsAg clearance. The predictive model's performance was evaluated using ROC curve analysis.
Results: We included 868 subjects, divided into the clearance group (187 cases) and the non-clearance group (681 cases). They were randomly assigned to a training set (702 cases) and a validation set (166 cases). Key predictors included female gender (OR=1.879), lower baseline HBsAg levels (OR=0.371), and cirrhosis (OR=0.438). The final predictive model was:
Logit(P) = 0.92 + Gender (Female) * 0.66 - HBsAg (log) * 0.96 - Cirrhosis * 0.88. ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.80 for the training set and 0.82 for the validation set, indicating good predictive performance.
Conclusion: Gender, baseline HBsAg levels, and cirrhosis are significant predictors of HBsAg clearance in CHB patients after 48 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2b therapy. The developed predictive model demonstrates high accuracy and potential clinical utility.
Ultrasonic combined with barium titanate coating for 3D printing porous titanium alloy (Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn) Scaffold Promotes Bone Properties study
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Yunfei , Tian Yongzheng , Liu Dengke , Sun Ruilong , Liu Ruitang , Zhou Yigui , Zhan Longwen , Bo Fan , Gao Qiuming
Published: November 2024

Large-segment bone defect is very challenging in clinic. At present, the scheme of repairing bone defect with 3D printed porous titanium alloy has attracted more and more attention. However, the piezoelectric effect of human bone can stimulate bone formation, while porous titanium alloys lack electrical activity, which hinders their further application. Therefore, in this study, the porous titanium alloy with low elastic modulus (Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn) was used as the mechanical support material, and then the porous titanium alloy was surface-modified with piezoelectric ceramics (BaTiO3), and bionic manufacturing was carried out from the perspective of bioelectric physiology, so as to prepare the artificial bone material with low elastic modulus (Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn) with bioelectric activity. Firstly, Micro-CT, mechanical testing machine, water contact angle measuring instrument, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the two kinds of stents before and after barium titanate coating. Then the in vitro and in vivo experiments were divided into four groups: porous titanium alloy group (pTi), porous titanium alloy + barium titanate coating group (pTi/BaTiO3), porous titanium alloy + ultrasound group (pTi/LIPUS) and porous titanium alloy + barium titanate coating + ultrasound group (pTi/BaTiO3/LIPUS). The results showed that the ability of adhesion, proliferation and gene expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the scaffold surface in pTi/BaTiO3/LIPUS group was significantly higher than that in pTi group, pTi/BaTiO3 group and pTi/LIPUS group. In addition, compared with other groups, the scaffold in pTi/BaTiO3/LIPUS group significantly enhanced osteogenesis and osseointegration at 6 and 12 weeks after being implanted into large radial bone defect in rabbits. Therefore, pTi/BaTiO3/LIPUS has become a promising method to promote bone regeneration in large bone defects in clinical application.
COVID-19 infection and later risk of sickness absence by socioeconomic status: a cohort study
Authors: Joensuu Matti , Kausto Johanna , Airaksinen Jaakko , Oksanen Tuula , Vahtera Jussi , Kivimäki Mika , Ervasti Jenni
Published: November 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic was a significant health risk and resulted in increased sickness absence during the pandemic. This study examines whether a history of COVID-19 infection is associated with a higher risk of subsequent sickness absence.
Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 32,124 public sector employees responded to a survey on COVID-19 infection and lifestyle factors in 2020 and were linked to sickness absence records before (2019) and after (2021–2022) the survey. Study outcome was annual sickness absence defined as the total number of sickness absence days and the number of short sickness absence spells (< 10 days) and long sickness absence spells (10–365 days). We used negative binomial regression adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, health behaviors in 2020 and sickness absence in 2019. We examined differences in sickness absence between socioeconomic statuses (SES), measured by occupational titles from employers’ records.
Results
A self-reported COVID-19 infection in 2020 was associated with higher subsequent risk of sickness absence in 2021: Adjusted relative risk (RR) compared to those not reporting COVID-19 RR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.37 for sickness absence days, 1.29, 1.20–1.39 for short sickness absence spells and 1.20, 1.05–1.37 for long spells. The association was strongest in employees with intermediate SES: 1.48, 1.20–1.77 days, 1.44, 1.27–1.63 short spells, and 1.32, 1.05–1.66 long spells. For employees with low and high SES, an association was observed only for short spells.
Conclusions
Employees who reported contracting COVID-19 infection had higher rates of sickness absence in the next year. This excess risk was most consistently observed in employees with intermediate socioeconomic status (e.g. office workers, registered nurses, and social workers).
TriSpectraKAN: A novel approach for COPD Detection via Lung Sound Analysis
Authors: Roy Abhinav , Gyanchandani Bhavesh , Oza Aditya , Singh Anurag
Published: November 2024

This study aims to create an automated, accessible, andcost-effective diagnostic tool for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD). Traditional diagnostic methods are expensive, time-consuming,and require specialized equipment. The proposed TriSpectraKAN modelleverages audio-based lung sound features to improve early diagnosis.TriSpectraKAN is a hybrid model combining spectral features and theKolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) to analyze lung sounds using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), chromagram, and Mel spectro-grams. Each sub-model focuses on a different audio feature, capturingunique sonic signatures. These features are merged through a hybridnetwork for comprehensive analysis. The model, trained on a COPDdataset, was deployed on a Raspberry Pi for real-time use. TriSpec-traKAN achieved 93% accuracy, an F1 score of 0.98, precision of 0.97,and recall of 0.98. This multimodal approach captured a broad rangeof lung sound features, improving diagnosis accuracy compared to tra-ditional methods. The integration of multiple audio features in TriSpec-traKAN enhances COPD diagnosis, demonstrating the potential of AIand machine learning to transform respiratory disease diagnosis throughaccessible tools.
Intratracheal instillation of respiratory syncytial virus is superior to intranasal inoculation as a model method in mice and can induce infiltration of important immune cells
Authors: Lin Yinglin , Xiao Yao , Peng Bin , Xie Mengyuan , Mai Zesen , Lin Mingzhen , Miao Shanshan , Yang Xinru , Li Wei , Wang Yi , Liu Zhaoyu , Yao Wenxia
Published: November 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a substantial global disease burden, particularly in children and older adults. Despite the availability of three vaccines and two prophylactic monoclonal antibodies, there remains an urgent unmet need for effective RSV treatments. Appropriate experimental animal models and modeling methods are essential to study the pathogenesis of RSV and develop therapeutic and preventive agents. In this study, we introduced intratracheal instillation (ITS) method into mice model of RSV infection and compared it with the conventional intranasal inoculation (INO) method; data showed that ITS method resulted in more efficient viral replication and more severe pathological changes than INO method. Then RNA-seq technology was used to sequence the lung tissues of RSV infected mice with ITS method, and further immunoinfiltration analysis based on transcriptomic profile demonstrated that the ITS approach can lead to the infiltration of multiple innate and adaptive immune cells. It is concluded that intratracheal instillation of RSV is superior to intranasal inoculation as a model method in mice and can induce infiltration of important immune cells. Collectively, our study offers novel insights into the rational design of future in vivo infection methods with RSV, as well as providing a foundation for the investigation of the immune pathogenesis of RSV.
Improving bearing fault diagnosis method based on the fusion of time- frequency diagram and a novel vision transformer
Authors: Wang Jingyuan , Zhao Yuan , Wang Wenyan , Wu Ziheng
Published: November 2024

Bearings are indispensable components in mechanical equipment, it is crucial to realize accurate and reliable fault diagnosis of bearings. Traditional bearing fault diagnosis methods suffer from insufficient feature extraction and poor robustness. Consequently, this paper presents an improving bearing fault diagnosis method based on the fusion of time-frequency diagram and a novel vision transformer. On the one hand, the method adopts continuous wavelet transform to map the time-domain feature relationship of vibration onto the time-frequency domain. On the other hand, the method designs a novel vision transformer for bearing fault diagnosis model which can effectively improve the fault diagnosis performance and reduce the computational complexity on the basis of retaining the advantage of local feature extraction and dealing with long-range feature dependencies. In this paper, a new multi-head attention module called SRWA is designed to be utilized on the novel vision transformer model. Experiments are conducted to assess and analyze the performance of the proposed models using the bearing datasets: Case Western Reserve University data set and Harbin Institute of Technology inter-shaft bearing fault diagnosis data set. The experimental results demonstrate that the classification performance of the novel model put forward in this paper surpasses the state-of-the-art bearing fault diagnosis models on different datasets, even under variable operating conditions and noise conditions.
Predicting solitary pulmonary lesions in breast cancer patients using 18Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Xue Yangyang , Hou Weishu , He Yanhui , Xu Alei , Li Xiaohu
Published: November 2024

Background
Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) remain difficult to diagnose for clinical therapeutic purposes in patients with a history of breast cancer. This study try to investigate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) combined with clinicopathological predictors for the differential diagnosis of SPNs in breast cancer patients.
Methods
One hundred and twenty breast cancer patients with newly detected SPNs were enrolled in the study and divided into a primary lung cancer (PLC) group and a breast cancer metastasis (BCM) group. The clinicopathological characteristics as well as metabolic and morphological characteristics on 18F-FDG-PET/CT images of 120 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The differences of clinicopathological and 18F-FDG-PET/CT characteristics between the two groups were analyzed, and multivariate analyses for the diagnosis of SPNs were performed.
Results
Clinicopathological terms of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA15-3 levels exhibited significant differences between PLC and BCM groups (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively). Metabolic characteristics of 18F-FDG-PET/CT images included FDG uptake, SUVmax of SPNs, hilar and/or mediastinal lymph node metastasis, SUVmax of hilar and/or mediastinal lymph node, and extrapulmonary metastasis showed significant differences between PLC and BCM groups (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P = 0.01, P = 0.032 and P = 0.023, respectively). The lobulation sign, spicule sign, and pleural indentation sign were identified as statistically different morphological features of PLC in CT images (all P < 0.001). Among these, the SUVmax of SPNs, lobulation sign, and pleural indentation sign were valuable predictive factors for accurate diagnosis of SPNs in breast cancer patients.
Conclusions
18F-FDG-PET/CT combined with clinicopathological characteristics are valuable for the diagnosis of SPNs in breast cancer patients.
Enhancing Prehospital Decision-Making: Exploring User Needs and Design Considerations for Clinical Decision Support Systems
Authors: Bai Enze , Zhang Zhan , Xu Yincao , Luo Xiao , Adelgais Kathleen
Published: November 2024

Background
In prehospital emergency care, providers face significant challenges in making informed decisions due to factors such as limited cognitive support, high-stress environments, and lack of experience with certain patient conditions. Effective Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) have great potential to alleviate these challenges. However, such systems have not yet been widely adopted in real-world practice and have found to cause workflow disruptions and usability issues. Therefore, it is critical to investigate how to design CDSS that meet the needs of prehospital providers while accounting for the unique characteristics of prehospital workflows.
Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 prehospital providers recruited from four emergency medical services (EMS) agencies in an urban area in the northeastern U.S. The interviews focused on the decision-making challenges faced by prehospital providers, their technological needs for decision support, and key considerations for the design and implementation of a CDSS that can seamlessly integrate into prehospital care workflows. The data were analyzed using content analysis to identify common themes.
Results
Our qualitative study identified several challenges in prehospital decision-making, including limited access to diagnostic tools, insufficient experience with certain critical patient conditions, and a lack of cognitive support. Participants highlighted several desired features to make CDSS more effective in the dynamic, hands-busy, and cognitively demanding prehospital context, such as automatic prompts for possible patient conditions and treatment options, alerts for critical patient safety events, AI-powered medication identification, and easy retrieval of protocols and guidelines using voice commands. Key considerations for successful CDSS adoption included prioritizing alerts to reduce alert fatigue and workflow disruptions, facilitating real-time data collection and documentation to enable decision generation, and ensuring trust and accountability while preventing over-reliance when using CDSS.
Conclusion
This study provides empirical insights into the challenges prehospital providers face and offers design recommendations for developing CDSS solutions that align with prehospital workflows.