bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Debriefing
Authors: Morse Kate J. , Fey Mary K. , Forneris Susan Gross
Published: January 2021

Ongoing shifts in the healthcare system require practitioners who possess metacognitive skills to evaluate their decisions and the thinking and rationale guiding those decisions. In an effort to design learning activities that support metacognition in nursing education, undergraduate and graduate faculty, are embracing simulation-based education (SBE) as an effective teaching and learning strategy. SBE includes prebriefing, the simulation scenario, and debriefing, all of which are supported by psychological safety. Prebriefing precedes the entire learning process and is integral to engagement in the simulation and to the effectiveness of the debriefing. Debriefing provides educators with the opportunity to explore and develop those metacognitive skills with learners. In this chapter on evidence-based debriefing, the authors will explore the evidence and theories surrounding best practices in SBE, specifically the prebriefing and debriefing components of the learning experience. The chapter explores the theoretical foundation of SBE and theory-based debriefing; educational best practices of prebriefing as an integral part of an effective debriefing; theory-based debriefing models; research evidence of debriefing outcomes; evaluation of the prebriefing and debriefing process; and finally, provides recommendations on the priorities for further research in debriefing. Within this chapter, the term educator is inclusive of undergraduate, graduate, and professional development nurse educators and reflects the educator role in SBE.
Evaluation of Simulation Outcomes
Authors: Prion Susan , Haerling Katie Anne
Published: January 2021

Simulation has been used in nursing education and training since Florence Nightingale's era. Over the past 20 years, simulation learning experiences (SLEs) have been used with increasing frequently to educate healthcare professionals, develop and increase the expertise of practicing professionals, and gain competency in key interprofessional skills. This chapter provides a brief overview of simulation evaluation history, beginning in the late 1990s, and the initial focus on learner self-report data. Using Kirkpatrick's Levels of Evaluation as an organizing model, four types of SLE evaluation are reviewed as well as suggestions for future research.
State of Simulation Research in Advanced Practice Nursing Education
Authors: Nye Carla
Published: January 2021

Simulation is used in advanced practice nursing education for both formative learning experiences and summative competency testing. However, there has been a lack of cohesive data to support the use of simulation as a replacement for direct patient care hours. This chapter presents an overview of research designs and the leveled Kirkpatrick framework used in simulation research. Research articles evaluating the effect of simulation on advanced practice learners are presented by research design and Kirkpatrick level. There is evidence that simulation has a positive impact on Kirkpatrick Level 1 (Reactions) and Kirkpatrick Level 2 (Changes in Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes). However, there is a tremendous need for evidence that simulation can impact Kirkpatrick Level 3 (Behavior) and Level 4 (Results and Outcomes).
Exploring Relationships Between Technology Use and Time Spent in the Financial Planning Process
Authors: Tharp Derek T. , Lurtz Meghaan , Mielitz Kate , Kitces Michael , Ammerman D. Allen
Published: January 2021

Using a nationwide online survey capturing detailed information on the backgrounds and practices of 654 financial planners, this study examines the associations between the use of technologies by financial planners and self-reported time spent within various stages of the six-step financial planning process. Surprisingly, in many cases, use of technology is associated with an increase rather than a decrease in time spent within various stages of the financial planning process. These results suggest that although technologies may provide efficiencies in completing certain tasks, these efficiencies do not necessarily result in net reductions in time spent within the financial planning process.
Efeito da adoção da Lei Anticorrupção no valor de mercado das companhias brasileiras listadas no Ibovespa
Authors: Ramos Fernando Maciel , Hohn Gabrielle Secchi , Vargas Lucas Antônio
Published: January 2021

Atualmente a corrupção é um assunto muito abordado, bem como as práticas anticorrupção, que estão sendo cada vez mais exigidas no mercado financeiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da adoção da Lei Anticorrupção sobre o valor de mercado das empresas de capital aberto brasileiras listadas no Ibovespa. A amostra foi composta por 229 observações, referentes aos anos de 2014 a 2018. A partir das estimações econométricas realizadas, os resultados evidenciam um efeito positivo da adoção de práticas anticorrupção sobre o valor de mercado das companhias. Dada a problemática da corrupção no cenário brasileiro, esse estudo contribui para informações que incentivem a regulamentação do mercado, organizações e seus stakeholders na adoção e divulgação das práticas anticorrupção.
Regulating Pet Insurance in Indonesia
Authors: Fahamsyah Ermanto , Hariyani Iswi , Rimba Ance
Published: January 2021

Nowadays Indonesia has not had a regulation on pet insurance. Meanwhile, in practice, there already are some pet insurance products. This gap has led to pet insurance policies that are only being based on general contract regulations and principles. One of the general contract principles is the consensual principle which is outlined in Article 1320 paragraph 1 of the Civil Code. The research of this paper is conducted based on pet insurance regulations, principles and norms application. It concludes that pet insurance policies that are being based only on the consensual principle have binding legal force as regulated on Article 1338 of the Civil Code. The conception of pet insurance in Indonesia subsequently should refer to the Ministerial Regulations, such as the Regulation of Minister of Agriculture Number 40/Permentan/SR.230/7/2015 regarding Agriculture Insurance Facility and also other supplementary regulations.

Keywords: Pet Insurance, Insurance Law, Insurance Contracts.
Legal Aspects of Artificial Intelligence on Automated Decision-Making in Indonesia
Authors: Olivia Denindah
Published: January 2021

This paper analyzes the importance of Indonesia's comprehensive legal framework on automated decision-making empowered by Artificial Intelligence, comparing it to the European Union, the United States, and China. Specifically, this paper inquires about the status quo of the legal protection of automated decision-making In Indonesia. The analysis highlights profiling in an automated decision-making system with the following discussion about personal data protection. In this context, the European Union's member states set out the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that prohibits automated decision-making to a certain extent. In the United States, the practice of automated decision-making is rather usual. Simultaneously, China takes an exceptional measure instead and develops this automation through a social credit system. The analysis concludes that Indonesia has weak legal protection towards personal data and profiling, which later becomes the basis in facilitating automated decision-making. The provision of automated decision-making and profiling is the absolute bare minimum to Indonesia's Personal Data Protection Bill due to insufficient legal certainty. In the end, it is paramount for lawmakers to consider a comprehensive regulation on automated decision-making by adopting the European Union's GDPR framework.

KEYWORDS: Artificial Intelligence, Automated Decision-Making, Personal Data Protection.
The Reverse Burden of Proof in Indonesia's Money Laundering: A Review
Authors: Jade Adinda Putri , Fajrin Yaris Adhial , Putri Diah Nadia , Nugraha Aisya Sanghra Devi
Published: January 2021

Money laundering has become one of Indonesia's serious criminal offenses. Then, cases related to it should proceed under the specific regulation and procedure. In Indonesia, money laundering is a further crime preceded by predicate offenses. In practice, there are two main problems to apply in money laundering: first, the principles' difference between national and international criminal laws, and second, their norm contradiction. Although the money laundering crime is claimed to be a further crime, it is separated from the preceded crime in prosecution, investigation, and evidence. This study aims to review the juridical contention of the reverse burden of proof in money laundering by considering the existing challenges to apply the norms. This study confirms that there is a juridical problem in the reversal of proof mechanism in money laundering. Therefore, the government should harmonize the existing laws relating to the reverse of the burden of proof in money laundering. It is essential to reform the existing regulations by harmonizing laws related to this case. It considers the existing fragmented criminal provisions set out in the Criminal Code and special laws to indicate serious crimes. This harmonization contributes to restoring the return of the state's losses resulted from this crime. Regulatory reform is inevitable. The government then needs to strengthen diplomatic relations with other countries, especially to enforce national laws through Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) and extradition of money laundering perpetrators.

KEYWORDS: Indonesian Money Laundering, Money Laundering Act, Reverse Burden of Proof.
Gender Analysis in Indonesia's Legislation Regarding Political Laws
Authors: Erlina Erlina , Normadilla Nika
Published: January 2021

This paper examines Indonesia's current legislation on politics, inter alia, Political Parties Law, Election Law, and Parliament Law, by using gender analysis. This paper considers how these laws ensure equitable access, participation, control, and benefits for men and women. Under the justice and gender equality approach, these laws are not optimal, especially under the control and benefit indicators. In this context, Political Parties Law contributes more to the indicator of access, while Electoral Law provides access and participation indicators. At the same time, Parliament Law is expected to contribute the most to the control and benefit indicators. However, it is regrettable that Parliament Law does not comply with these two indicators. Also, the Constitutional Court's interpretation was not followed in a series of legislative revisions of Parliament Law. Therefore, the gender approach in the legislative revision of these three laws should be encouraged to benefit from social life with more just and non-discriminatory. It should also provide equal opportunity for every citizen to gain access, participatory rights, control, and benefits in development. Hence, it is inevitable to the importance of the government commitment in gender mainstreaming in policy, harmonization, and synchronization of laws and regulations.

KEYWORDS: gender justice and equality, political laws, women's representation.
Risk Mitigation of Disease Pandemic in the Indonesian Banking Industry: In Response to COVID-19
Authors: Mentari Nikmah , Putri Uni Tsulasi
Published: January 2021

As an intermediary institution, the banking industry plays a critical function in the economy. Unpredictable conditions such as disease pandemic, exemplified from the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak, result in loss to the banking industry due to the weakening of the national economy. In the future, then, the banking industry requires early preventive action for a similar case through specific risk mitigation towards disease pandemic. This paper aims to discuss the urgency of the risk mitigation towards the pandemic in the banking industry, following the risk mitigation scheme in facing the pandemic with its relevant regulation. This paper shows that the pandemic's responsive risk mitigation has become essential to strengthen the banking’s intermediary function and performance during the pandemic. The existing risk mitigation regulation solely relates to the non-performing loan in normal conditions. In the meantime, disease pandemic like COVID-19 is excluded because it is beyond the normal situation. Its adverse impact has leveraged more significant extent due to emergency conditions. In case of a disease pandemic, the bank can soon take early preventive action before the pandemic strikes within the domestic territory without waiting for central government-specific regulation, but it should. However, it remains practiced under the relevant laws.

KEYWORDS: Risk Mitigation, Disease Pandemic, COVID-19, Banking Industry, Indonesia.
Model Kontrak Kerjasama Pengelolaan Bidang Infrastruktur Pelabuhan
Authors: Ramadhan Alfyan Wahyu
Published: January 2021

Sektor Pelabuhan merupakan salah satu cabang produksi yang penting bagi negara dan menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak, oleh karena itu penguasaannya dimiliki oleh negara. Namun, keberadaan pelabuhan yang menjadi sebagai salah satu fokus pembangunan Indonesia saat ini menuntut pemerintah untuk lebih cepat dalam proses perealisasiannya. Tuntutan pembangunan dalam waktu yang cepat sejalan dengan besarnya biaya yang diperlukan, hal tersbut berbanding terbalik dengan terbatasnya anggaran yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah. Oleh karena hal tersebutlah, dirasa perlu untuk membuka peluang keikutsertaan pihak swasta dalam melakukaan pengusahaan di sektor ini, tentu dengan pengaturan yang rinci terkait mekanisme dan ruang lingkup keikutsertaan mereka. Dengan adanya kerjasama tersebut pulalah menimbulkan berbagai potensi sengketa, dan tidak jarang dampak dari sengketa tersebut menimbulkan kerugian tidak hanya bagi salah satu pihak yang terlibat dalam suatu perjanjian, namun juga masyarakat, karena objek dari perjanjian tersebut juga merupakan bagian dari fasilitas umum.
Jaminan Hak Asasi Manusia Narapidana Dalam Pembinaan Narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan
Authors: Prastina R. Fajar Putra
Published: January 2021

Hak-hak warga binaan sebagai warga negara Indonesia yang hilang kemerdekaanya karena melakukan tindak pidana, haruslah dilakukan sesuai dengan hak asasi manusia. Pada praktiknya masih banyak belum terpenuhinya hak-hak warga binaan pemasyarakatan. Apakah ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan telah sesuai dengan jaminan hak asasi manusia, apakah impelementasi pembinaan narapidana didalam lembaga pemasyarakatan telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Metode penelitian ini mengggunakan tipe penelitian hukum empiris dan normatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengaturan tentang sistem pemasyarakatan sebagai bagian dari integrated criminal justice system sudah cukup mengatur tentang pembinaan narapidana didalam lembaga pemasyarakatan bersepektif penghormatan hak asasi manusia narapidana. Impelementasi hak asasi manusia narapidana dalam pembinaan narapidana lembaga pemasyarakatan yang dijamin Undang-Undang belum sepenuhnya dipenuhi oleh pemerintah dalam hal ini Dirjen Pemasyarakatan Kementrian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia.
Upaya Hukum yang Dapat Dimohonkan Terhadap Putusan Perkara Pidana yang Ne Bis In Idem
Authors: Rizqi Khodijah Puteri Miftahul
Published: January 2021

Ketentuan ne bis in idem dalam hukum Pidana Indonesia diatur dalam Pasal 76 KUHP tentang hapusnya kewenangan menuntut dan menjalankan pidana. Apabila syarat-syarat berlakunya ne bis in idem ditemukan di dalam pemeriksaan perkara pidana, maka putusan tersebut menjadi bermuatan dakwaan gugur karena alasan ne bis in idem. Terhadap putusan ne bis in idem tersebut pihak yang keberatan dapat mengajukan suatu upaya hukum. Akan tetapi, pengajuan permohonan upaya hukum haruslah dimohonkan pada upaya hukum yang tepat. Untuk mengetahui upaya hukum apa yang tepat dimohonkan terhadap putusan ne bis in idem perlu diketahui bentuk dari putusan ne bis in idem tersebut. Apakah putusan ne bis in idem merupakan putusan bebas karena terdakwa menjadi tidak lagi terbebani oleh dakwaan, ataukah merupakan putusan bentuk yang lain. Dengan mengetahui bentuk dari putusan ne bis in idem maka akan diketahui upaya hukum apa yang paling tepat untuk dimohonkan.
Implementasi Teknik Pembelian Terselubung dan Penyerahan di Bawah Pengawasan Penyidikan Dalam Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Narkotika
Authors: Bimoaji Radytya Bagus
Published: January 2021

Peredaran narkotika semakin meningkat dari waktu ke waktu. Narkotika dianggap suatu kejahatan yang serius dalam penanganannya. Mengingat narkotika adalah kejahatan yang serius, diperlukan ketentuan yang mengatur teknik khusus guna penyelesaian kasus narkotika secara adil, cepat dan efisien. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut dirumuskan permasalahan mengenai dasar pertimbangan diaturnya teknik pembelian terselubung dan penyerahan di bawah pengawasan dan implikasi dari penggunaan teknik pembelian terselubung dan penyerahan di bawah pengawasan. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tesebut digunakan pendekatan masalah perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach). Dengan pendekatan permasalahan tersebut diperoleh jawaban bahwa pertimbangan hukum ditetapkannya teknik pembelian terselubung dan penyerahan di bawah pengawasan adalah untuk mempermudah penyidikan dan penuntutan terhadap orang-orang yang terlibat dalam kasus tindak pidana narkotika. Mengingat narkotika termasuk dalam suatu kejahatan yang serius dan terbilang cukup sulit pengungkapannya, Maka penggunaan teknik pembelian terselubung dan penyerahan di bawah pengawasan dapat menjadi dasar pertimbangan dalam penyidikan kasus tindak pidana. Dampak dari penggunaan teknik penyidikan pembelian terselubung dan penyerahan di bawah pengawasan muncul dampak yuridis dan dampak sosial. Dampak yuridis dari kedua teknik ini adalah kepastian hukum dari kedua teknik ini sah dilakukan oleh penyidik. Namun, dampak sosial dalam penggunaan kedua teknik ini yaitu muncul kekhawatiran penyalahgunaan kewenangan penyidik dan hak-hak tersangka narkotika berpotensi untuk dilanggar, sehingga peran masyrakat sesuai apa yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Narkotika dapat terlaksana dan tercipta pelaksanaan penyelesaian narkotika secara cepat dan adil.
Indikasi Perjanjian Tertutup Pada Android Mobile Aplication Distribution Agreement
Authors: Imamudiin Soffan Fajar
Published: January 2021

Perkembangan teknologi telah membawa peradaban manusia ke era revolusi industri. Era tersebut memunculkan pola bisnis yang dinamis dan berusaha menerobos hukum yang ada, termasuk pada aspek hukum persaingan usaha. Google sebagai perusahaan teknologi raksasa asal Amerika, telah melakukan ekspansi bisnis ke seluruh negara di dunia. Lewat Android Mobile Aplication Distribution Agreement (MADA), Google telah mensyaratkan ketentuan pemuatan berbagai aplikasi buatannya ke dalam ponsel pintar, bersamaan dengan pembelian Android oleh produsen ponsel pintar tersebut. Ketentuan perjanjian tersebut ternyata memberikan dampak bagi iklim persaingan aplikasi di Indonesia, dan memberikan kerugian bagi banyak pihak, sehingga berpotensi melanggar hukum persaingan usaha. Penelitian ini akan mencoba menelaah perjanjian tersebut dalam aspek hukum persaingan usaha, terutama lewat pasal 15 ayat (2) UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, dan Peraturan KPPU Nomor 15 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pedoman Pasal 15 Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis legal research dan menggunakan pendekatan statute approach, conceptual approach, dan case study.
Seeing and Overcoming the Complexities of Intersectionality
Authors: Thomas Cate , MacMillan Colleen , McKinnon Merryn , Torabi Hayley , Osmond Megan , Swavley Ellen , Armer Tamzen , Doyle Kimberley
Published: January 2021

. 1) Background: Intersectionality contests that individuals have multiple characteristics in their identity that cannot be siloed or deemed exclusive to each other. Understanding and utilising an intersectional lens in organisations can increase inclusion of individuals and organisational performance. An educational package known as the Intersectionality Walk (IW) was developed by the authors, piloted, and evaluated in order to break down the commonly held descriptors of diversity silos that fragments inclusion, and to understand how various identity characteristics compound disadvantage. The paper outlines the need to transition from siloed views of diversity to a more intrinsic view of identity to achieve inclusivity. 2) Methods: The IW was developed and trialled with a series of work-based scenarios and realistic multifaceted personas. Data collection occurred pre- and post- IW utilising a mixed methods approach. Responses to Likert scale surveys and open-ended questions were captured and analysed via inductive and ground theory perspectives. 3) Results: An improved awareness and understanding of individual knowledge, reflectivity and positionality relating to intersectionality and intersectional approaches was reported on completion of the IW. Further, responses reported how and why organisations can approach and improve inclusivity via using intersectional approaches. 4) Conclusions: The IW as an educational package has a positive impact and is a key linkage for all employers to build an inclusive culture and to harness the talent of all employees. Further research will occur to measure the implemented change in organisations following the IW.
Documentation and Architectural Interpretation of the Panishail Temple Complex, Maulvibazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Kawshik , Arefin Shamsul , Dey Gourpada
Published: January 2021

This article represents survey data of historical and architectural documentation of Sri Radha Binod Ashrama locally known as the Panishail temple. Temple architecture is a common feature of traditional religious architecture practice in Bangladesh. This article is a historical and architectural investigation of a less known and mixed type of Hindu temple style in the Bengal region. The Panishail temple complex has a collection of structures that include tomb, temples, and residences aged between fifty to two hundred years. Over the ages, these heritage buildings have displayed a unique architectural style of ancient Bengal and still serving as a living sacred landscape heritage. However, like most of the ancient monuments of Bangladesh, Panishail structures inside this complex stand against the threat of decay and anthropogenic destruction with no effort to conserve them. There is a need for immediate action of research, exploration and preservation to save this historic landmark. This research aims to investigate historic and physical features of the temple complex through a systematic survey and documentation effort. This research will lay a foundation for future conservation intervention on this site. Moreover, this work will significantly contribute to historic temple architecture study in Bangladesh.
Lignins Isolated via Catalyst-free Organosolv Pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara: A Comparative Study
Authors: Schulze Margit , Bergs Michel , Monakhova Yulia , Diehl Bernd , Konow Christopher , Völkering Goerg , Pude Ralf
Published: January 2021

As a low-input crop, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages that, in addition to agricultural applications, permits its exploitation for energy, fuel, and material production. Depending on the Miscanthus genotype, season, and harvest time as well as plant component (leaf versus stem), correlations between structure and properties of the corresponding isolated lignins differ. Here, a comparative study is presented between lignins isolated from M. x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara using a catalyst-free organosolv pulping process. The lignins from different plant constituents are also compared regarding their similarities and differences regarding monolignol ratio and important linkages. Results showed that the plant genotype has the weakest influence on monolignol content and interunit linkages. In contrast, structural differences are more significant among lignins of different harvest time and/or season. Analyses were performed using fast and simple methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data was assigned to four different linkages (A: b-O-4 linkage, B: phenylcoumaran, C: resinol, D: b-unsaturated ester). In conclusion, A content is particularly high in leaf-derived lignins at just under 70 % and significantly lower in stem and mixture lignins at around 60 % and almost 65 %. The second most common linkage pattern is D in all isolated lignins, the proportion of which is also strongly dependent on the crop portion. Both stem and mixture lignins, have a relatively high share of approximately 20 % or more (maximum is M. sinensis Sin2 with over 30 %). In the leaf-derived lignins, the proportions are significantly lower on averageStem samples should be chosen highest possible lignin content is desired, specifically from the M. x giganteus genotype which revealed lignin contents up to 27 %.
Overview of the French Operational Network for In Situ Observation of PM Chemical Composition and Sources in Urban Environments (CARA Program)
Authors: Favez Olivier , Weber Samuël , Petit Jean-Eudes , Alleman Laurent Y. , Albinet Alexandre , Riffault Véronique , Chazeau Benjamin , Amodeo Tanguy , Salameh Dalia , Zhang Yunjiang , Srivastava Deepchandra , Samaké Abdoulaye , Aujay Robin , Papin Arnaud , Bonnaire Nicolas , Boullanger Carole , Chatain Mélodie , Chevrier Florie , Detournay Anaïs , Dominik-Sègue Marta , Falhun Raphaële , Garbin Céline , Ghersi Véronique , Grignion Guillaume , Levigoureux Gilles , Pontet Sabrina , Rangognio Jérôme , Zhang Shouwen , Besombes Jean-Luc , Conil Sébastien , Uzu Gaelle , Savarino Joël , Marchand Nicolas , Gros Valérie , Marchand Caroline , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Leoz-Garziandia Eva
Published: January 2021

The CARA program has been developed since 2008 by the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA) and the regional monitoring networks to gain a better knowledge at the national level on the particulate matter (PM) chemistry and its diverse origins in urban environments. It results of strong collaborations with international-level academic partners, allowing to bring state-of-the-art, straightforward and robust results and methodologies within operational air quality stakeholders (and subsequently, decision makers). Here, we illustrate some of the main outputs obtained over the last decade thanks to this program, regarding methodological aspects (both in terms of measurement techniques and data treatment procedures) as well as acquired knowledge on the predominant PM sources. Offline and online methods are used following well-suited quality assurance and quality control procedures, notably including inter-laboratory comparison exercises. Source apportionment studies are conducted using various receptor modeling approaches. Overall, the results presented herewith underline the major influences of residential wood burning (during the cold period) and road transport emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust ones, all along the year), as well as substantial contributions of mineral dust and primary biogenic particles (mostly during the warm period). Long-range transport phenomena, e.g., advection of secondary inorganic aerosols from the European continental sector and of Saharan dust into the French West Indies, are also discussed in this paper. Finally, we briefly address the use of stable isotope measurements (δ15N) and of various organic molecular markers for a better understanding of the origins of ammonium and of the different organic aerosol fractions, respectively.
Multi-pathogen Infections and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Damborsky Jiri , Vigasova Dana , Nemergut Michal , Liskova Barbora
Published: January 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease associated with the overproduction and accumulation of amyloid-β peptide and hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins in the brain. Despite extensive research on the amyloid-based mechanism of AD pathogenesis, the underlying cause of AD remains poorly understood. No disease-modifying therapies currently exist, and numerous clinical trials have failed to demonstrate any benefits. The recent discovery that the amyloid-β peptide has antimicrobial activities supports the possibility of an infectious aetiology of AD and suggests that amyloid-β plaque formation might be induced by infection. AD patients have a weakened blood-brain barrier and immune system and are thus at elevated risk of microbial infections. Such infections can cause chronic neuroinflammation, production of the antimicrobial amyloid-β peptide, and neurodegeneration. Various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites have been associated with AD. Most research in this area has focused on individual pathogens, with herpesviruses and periodontal bacteria being most frequently implicated. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential role of multi-pathogen infections in AD. Recognition of the potential coexistence of multiple pathogens and biofilms in AD's aetiology may stimulate the development of novel approaches to its diagnosis and treatment. Multiple diagnostic tests could be applied simultaneously to detect major pathogens, followed by anti-microbial treatment using antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-biofilm agents.
Social Systems: Structure, Development and Application of the Fibonacci Sequence
Authors: Brazhnikov Pavel
Published: January 2021

This article presents description of social structures such as, for example, states, in the context of their consideration as systems. Moreover, it seeks to develop K. Marx’s model in terms of systematic approach, as well as to justify the application of the Fibonacci sequence to systems in general and, in particular, to social systems. The description covers a wide range of issues, ranging from the assertion of the basic principle of living systems as patterns in resources flows to description of functions of various aspects of states and their economics in terms of objective needs of such structures. In addition, this article justifies synergetic effect based on proposed model, and the way this effect is applied to state systems. Moreover, it includes the description of main changes of socio-economic formations throughout the history as a natural development of social systems, including possible modern stages. The fundamental tool of this description is description of essence of the mechanism of property rights and its formation options. The differences of two extreme directions of such development are also described on the basis of the objective factor of resource provision. Special attention is given to the concept of surplus value as a feature of social production systems.
Effectiveness Regarding Hantavirus Detection in Rodent Tissue Samples and Urine
Authors: Madai Mónika , Horváth Győző , Herczeg Róbert , Somogyi Balázs , Zana Brigitta , Földes Fanni , Kemenesi Gábor , Kurucz Kornélia , Papp Henrietta , Zeghbib Safia , Jakab Ferenc
Published: January 2021

The natural hosts regarding Orthohantaviruses are rodents, soricomorphs and bats, and it is well known they may cause serious or even fatal diseases among humans worldwide. The virus is persistent among animals and it is shed via urine, saliva and feces, throughout the entirety of their lives. We aim to identify the effectiveness regarding hantavirus detection from rodent tissue samples and urine originating from naturally infected rodents. Initially, animals were trapped at five distinct locations throughout the Transdanubian region in Hungary. Lung, liver, kidney and urine samples were obtained from 163 perished animals. All organs and urine were tested using nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR). Furthermore, sera were examined for IgG antibodies against DOBV and PUUV viruses by Western Blot assay. IgG antibodies against hantaviruses and/or nucleic acid were detected in 25 (15.3%) cases. Among Apodemus, Myodes, and Microtus rodent species, DOBV, PUUV, TULV were all clearly identified. The virus nucleic acid was detected most effectively from the kidney (100%), while only 55% of screened lung tissues were positive. Interestingly, only 3 out of 20 rodent urine samples were positive regarding nRT-PCR. Moreover, five rodents were seropositive without detectable virus nucleic acid from any of the tested organs.
Intensification of Biokinetics of Enzymes using Ultrasound Assisted Methods: A Critical Review
Authors: Khan Altab , Beg Mohd Riyaz , Waghmare Pramod
Published: January 2021

The use of low-intensity ultrasound has gotten surprising consideration over the last decade as a method for enhancing the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Ultrasounds have the potential to significantly influence the activity of the enzymatic processes, provided that the energy input is not too high to inactivate the enzyme. By providing the variation in parameters, various physical and chemical effects can be attained that can enhance the enzymatic reaction. Ultrasonic reactors are known for their application in bioprocesses. However, the potential of their applications is still limited broadly due to the lack of proper information about their operational and performance parameters. In this review, the detailed information about ultrasonic reactors is provided by defining the different types of reactors, number and position of ultrasonic transducers. Also, it includes the mechanism of intensification and influence of ultrasonic parameters (intensity, duty cycle and frequency) and enzymatic factors (enzyme concentration, temperature and pH) on the catalytic activity of enzyme during ultrasound treatment.
Can miRNA Indicate Risk of Illness After Continuous Exposure to M. tuberculosis?
Authors: Silva Cleonardo Augusto , Ribeiro-dos-Santos Arthur , Gonçalves Wanderson Gonçalves , Pinto Pablo , Pantoja Rafael Pompeu , Vinasco-Sandoval Tatiana , Ribeiro-dos-Santos André , Hutz Mara Helena , Vidal Amanda , Araújo Gilderlanio Santana , Ribeiro-dos-Santos Ândrea , Santos Sidney
Published: January 2021

Molecular studies regarding regulatory elements such as small ncRNAs and their mechanisms are poorly understood in infectious diseases. Tuberculosis is one of the oldest infectious diseases of humanity, and it is still a challenge to prevent and treat it. The control of the infection as well as its diagnosis are still complex, and treatments used are linked to several side effects. This study aimed to investigate miRNA’s expression profile to identify possible biomarkers for tuberculosis. We applied NGS techniques to investigate miRNA’s global expression profile from blood samples of infected patients with tuberculosis, their respective healthy physicians, and external healthy individuals as controls. Samples from 22 individuals run through a differential expression, target genes, gene set enrichment, and miRNA-gene network analysis. We observed 153 altered miRNAs, among which, only three DEmiRNAs (hsa-let-7g-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p and hsa-miR-4732-5p) were found between the investigated patients and their respective physicians. These DEmiRNAs are suggested to play an important role in granuloma regulation and their immune physiopathology. Our results propose that miRNAs may be involved in immune modulation, regulating the repertoire of genes expressed in the immune system’s cells. Our findings encourage the application of miRNAs as potential biomarkers for tuberculosis.
Sialoliths: A Retrospective Radiological Study
Authors: Aoun Georges , El-Outa Abbass , Nasseh Ibrahim
Published: January 2021

Aim: Sialoliths are salivary gland calcifications that mainly affect submandibular and parotid glands. They are detected incidentally on dental panoramic radiographs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sialoliths in a Lebanese sample and evaluate the site, gender and age distribution of such findings. Methods: In this retrospective study, 500 digital panoramic radiographs, belonging to 219 males and 281 females aged 18-88 years, were examined to identify sialoliths seen as radiopacities in the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands regions. Findings were analyzed statistically using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Descriptive statistics were presented and Chi-square tests and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to assess relationships between sialoliths and gender, age and site. Statistical significance was set at p=0.05. Results: In our sample of 500 radiographs, sialoliths were identified in 15 (3%). Submandibular sialoliths were the most common (1.8%) followed by parotid sialoliths (1.2%); no sublingual sialoliths were detected. Females were slightly more affected by submandibular sialoliths while males had higher prevalence of parotid sialoliths. No significant age or gender predilections were detected. Conclusion: Identifying sialoliths on panoramic radiographs by dental professionals is essential to avoid possibility of confusion with other soft tissue calcifications very common in the head and neck regions.
Time And Mode Of Epidemic Hcv-2 Subtypes Dispersal In Europe: Phylodynamics Of Hcv-2c In Italy And Albania
Authors: Ebranati Erika , Mancon Alessandro , Airoldi Martina , Renica Silvia , Shkjezi Renata , Dragusha Pranvera , Della Ventura Carla , Ciccaglione Anna Rita , Ciccozzi Massimo , Bino Silvia , Tanzi Elisabetta , Micheli Valeria , Riva Elisabetta , Galli Massimo , Zehender Gianguglielmo
Published: January 2021

Newly characterising 245 Italian and Albanian HCV-2 NS5B sequences collected between 2001 and 2016 was used to reconstruct the origin and dispersion pathways of HCV-2c. The tree of a subset of these sequences aligned with 247 publicly available sequences was reconstructed in spatio-temporal scale using the Bayesian approach, and the effective replication number (Re) was estimated using the birth-death model. Our findings show that HCV-2c was the most prevalent subtype in Italy and Albania, and that GT2 originated in Guinea Bissau in the XVI century and spread to Europe in the XX century. The HCV-2c subtype had two internal nodes respectively dating back to the 1930s and 1950s having as most probable locations Ghana and Italy, respectively. Phylodynamic analysis revealed an exponential increase in the effective number of infections and Re in both Italy between the 1950s and 1980s, and Albania between the 1990s and the early 2000s. It seems very likely that HCV-2c reached Italy from Africa at the time of the second Italian colonisation (1936-1941), but did not reach Albania until the period of dramatic migration to Italy in the 1990s.
Palliative Care Needs among Patients with Advanced Illnesses in Bhutan
Authors: Laabar Tara Devi , Saunders Christobel , Auret Kirsten , Johnson Claire E
Published: January 2021

Background Palliative care improves the quality of lives of patients and families affected by life-limiting illnesses through the prevention and relief of suffering. While palliative care is well established in developed countries, it is inadequate or non-existent in most developing countries. Palliative care is an emerging concept in Bhutan, a tiny Himalayan Kingdom. A small community palliative care service is available in the national referral hospital with three dedicated inpatient palliative care beds. This study explored the needs for palliative care among patients diagnosed with advanced illnesses and is a component of a larger project aimed to inform a suitable palliative care model for the country.Methods This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A survey, using a structured questionnaire including the EORTC QLQ-C30, was carried out among patients with advanced illness in hospitals, primary care units and communities across the country. Purposeful and snowball sampling strategies were used to recruit study participants.Results Seventy (76%), out of 93 eligible patients, agreed to participate in the survey. Participants reported low to moderate scores on physical, role, emotional, cognitive and social functioning, a moderate score for the global health/ quality of life scale and moderately high (worse) scores in symptoms including fatigue, pain, insomnia, loss of appetite and the financial impact from the disease.Conclusions The symptom burden experienced by patients affected by terminal and advanced illnesses demonstrates the need for palliative care in Bhutan. These findings will help inform the development of a public health-focused palliative care model, modified to the Bhutanese context, as recommended by the World Health Organization.
“Irgendwie bin ich immer am Schreiben”.
Authors: Perrin Daniel
Published: January 2021

Transdisciplinary research is research not only on, but also for and, most of all, with practitioners. In the research framework of transdisciplinarity, scholars and practitioners collaborate throughout research projects with the aim of mutual learning. This paper shows the value transdisciplinarity can add to media linguistics. It does so by investigating the digital literacy shift in journalism: the change, in the last two decades, from the predominance of a writing mode that we have termed focused writing to a mode we have called writing-by-the-way. Large corpora of writing process data have been generated and analyzed with the multimethod approach of progression analysis in order to combine analytical depth with breadth. On the object level of doing writing in journalism, results show that the general trend towards writing-by-the-way opens up new niches for focused writing. On a meta level of doing research, findings explain under what conditions transdisciplinarity allows for deeper insights into the medialinguistic object of investigation.
Tree stands of Scots pine and Norway spruce state assessment using hemispherical photography by Fish-eye lens and subsequent analysis of the digital images
Authors: Алексеев А.С. , Чернов И.М. , Никифорчин И.В. , Иванова Е.А.
Published: January 2021

На примере чистых и смешанных древостоев хвойных пород с преобладанием сосны обыкновенной и ели европейской было проведено поисковое исследование возможностей определения состояния древостоев на основе цифровой полусферической съемки полога леса снизу вверх объективом типа «Рыбий глаз» и последующей обработки полученных изображений. Исследования были проведены на 25 пробных площадях, заложенных по европейской методике мониторинга состояния лесов ICP-Forest с регулярным их размещением по территории. На пробных площадях традиционным наземным методом были визуально определены такие показатели состояния древостоев как средние дефолиация верхней 1/3 части кроны деревьев, дефолиация всей кроны деревьев и класс повреждения древостоев. На этих же пробных площадях были получены снимки древесного полога объективом для полусферической съемки «Рыбий глаз», которые были обработаны с помощью программы открытого доступа Gap Light Analyzer. Методами регрессионного и дисперсионного анализа были установлены статистически достоверные связи между показателями состояния древостоев и их индексом листовой поверхности, полученным при обработке цифровых изображений. Показатели состояния древостоев и их индекс листовой поверхности связаны обратной зависимостью с коэффициентами детерминации от 79,8 до 87,4%. Полученные результаты позволяют в принципе разработать измерительную методику оценки состояния древостоев, обладающую свойствами объективности, технологичности, экономичности и точности. Основной целью такой методики является удаление из оценок состояния древостоев субъективного подхода, свойственного всем визуальным определениям.

On the example of pure and mixed stands of coniferous species with a predominance of Scots pine and Norway spruce, a search study was conducted to determine the state of stands based on digital hemispherical shooting of the forest canopy from bottom to top with a Fish-eye lens and subsequent processing of the images obtained. The research was carried out on 25 test areas laid down according to the European method of monitoring the state of forests ICP-Forests. On the test areas land-based method to identify indicators of the status of the forest as the average defoliationof upper 1/3 part of the trees, defoliation of all trees and the class of damage of forest stands. At the same test areas, images of the tree canopy were obtained with a Fish-eye hemispherical lens, which were processed using the Gap Light Analyzer open access program. Using regression and variance analysis methods, statistically significant relationships were established between indicators of the state of stands and their leaf area index with determination coefficient from 79,8 to 87,4%. The results obtained allow us to develop a methodology for assessing the state of stands, which are usually determined visually with a high degree of subjectivity, by measuring.
Field Performance of ‘Hamlin’ Orange Trees Grown on Various Rootstocks in Huanglongbing-endemic Conditions
Authors: Kunwar Sudip , Grosser Jude , Gmitter Fred G. , Castle William S. , Albrecht Ute
Published: January 2021

Most of the commercially important citrus scion cultivars are susceptible to Huanglongbing (HLB), which is the most devastating disease the citrus industry has ever faced. Because the rootstock can influence the performance of the scion in various ways, including disease and pest tolerance, use of superior rootstocks can assist citrus growers with minimizing the negative effects of HLB. The objective of this study was to assess rootstock effects on the horticultural performance and early production potential of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees in commercial field settings under HLB-endemic conditions. Two field trials were conducted in different locations in Central and Southeast Florida. The trials were established in 2015 and included 32 diverse diploid and tetraploid rootstock cultivars and advanced selections. One trial was performed in Highlands County, FL, on a poorly drained flatwoods-type site. Another trial was performed in Polk County, FL, on a well-drained sandy Central Florida Ridge site. Horticultural traits including tree height, canopy volume, trunk diameter, canopy health, leaf nutrient content, yield, and fruit quality were assessed during the 2018–19 and 2019–20 production years. Significant differences were found among trees on different rootstocks for most of the measured traits, particularly tree vigor and productivity, but rootstock effects also varied by location. Rootstocks that induced large tree sizes, such as the diploid mandarin × trifoliate orange hybrids ‘X-639’, ‘C-54’, ‘C-57’, and ‘C-146’, also induced higher yield, but with lower yield efficiency. Most of the tetraploid rootstocks significantly reduced tree size, among which ‘Changsha+Benton’, ‘Green-3’, ‘Amb+Czo’, ‘UFR-3’, and ‘UFR-5’ induced high yield efficiency. Therefore, these rootstocks have the potential to be used in high-density plantings. However, trees on some of these small size-inducing rootstocks had a higher mortality rate and were more vulnerable to tropical force winds. This study provides important information for the selection of rootstocks with the greatest production potential in an HLB-endemic environment, especially during the early years of production.