bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17454: The Effect of Catheter Ablation on Coronary Sinus Cycle Length in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Zaatari Ghaith , Bohorquez Jorge , Mitrani Raul , Ng Jason , Ng Justin , Rivner Harold , Velasquez Alex , Lambrakos Litsa , Arora Rishi , Goldberger Jeffrey J
Published: May 2021

Background:
While pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) is successful in approximately 50%, acute termination of PeAF is rarely observed. Prolongation of cycle length (CL) by 10% is often utilized as an indicator of successful catheter ablation (CA).

Objective:
To evaluate coronary sinus (CS) cycle length (CL) before and after CA for PeAF.

Methods:
CA for PeAF was performed in 31 patients (24males, age 63±9 yrs, CHA2DS2-VASc 2.3±1.7, LVEF 49±10%) with PVI, with 4 (13%) also having posterior wall isolation. A multielectrode catheter was placed in the CS and maintained throughout the procedure. CS electrograms were recorded for 10 seconds prior to CA and after completion of CA. No patient reverted to sinus rhythm during CA. CS CL was determined using customized software for activation detection and verified visually, excluding ventricular activation and low quality signals (n=3). The shortest CL among the recording electrodes was used for analysis.

Results:
CS CL pre- and post-CA were 182.4±23.0 and 191.6± 29.9 ms (p= 0.04) with change from baseline of 5.4±12.7%. The figure shows the histogram for change in CS CL from baseline. Only 7/28 (25%) of patients had CS CL prolongation >10%. Of ten patients who were free of AF off anti-arrhythmic drugs at 1 year, CS CL increased 4.0±6.1%; 2/10 had CS CL prolongation >10%. Of 6 patients with recurrent AF, CS CL increased 13.8±20.7%; 4/6 had CS CL prolongation >10%.

Conclusion:
Our data demonstrate that CS CL prolongation >10% is not a useful marker of outcomes in patients undergoing catheter ablation for PeAF. This highlights the need to identify other indicators of acute ablation success.
Abstract 17459: Sex Differences in Hypertension Associated With Tobacco and Electronic Cigarette Use
Authors: Vindhyal Mohinder Reddy , Ablah Elizabeth , Okut Hayrettin , NDUNDA Paul M , Kallail K James , Choi Won
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Hypertension is one of the leading cardiovascular risk factors, with a prevalence of almost 875 million individuals worldwide. Hypertension prevalence is higher among men than women until after menopause. No studies have determined if there is a relationship between hypertension and the use of electronic cigarettes (E-Cig). This study sought to determine the sex differences in hypertension association with tobacco and E-Cigarette use

Methods:
National Health Interview Survey Data from years 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses with Fisher’s Scoring iterative algorithm determined the covariate-adjusted and weighted odds ratios of clinical cardiovascular outcomes (i.e. hypertension) and their potential association with use of tobacco or e-cigarettes by sex after controlling for age and body mass index (BMI).

Results:
A total of 121,705 participants completed the survey and met inclusion criteria of which 66,762 were female users and 54,943 were male users. Female e-cigarette users were 2.23 times more likely (95% CI:1.29 - 3.86, P < 0.05) to report hypertension than those who never used cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Female cigarette smokers were 1.63 times more likely (95% CI: 1.32 – 2.01, P < 0.05), and male cigarette smokers were 1.34 times more likely (95% CI :1.12 -1.60, P < 0.05) to report hypertension than those who never used cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Female and male dual users (of E-Cig and tobacco) had similar odds of 1.40 (95% CI 1.08 -1.83, P < 0.05), and 1.41 (95% CI: 1.13 - 1.77, P < 0.05) to report hypertension than those who never smoked.

Discussion:
The findings from this study suggest that females reporting current e-cigarette use had the highest odds of reporting hypertension, followed by female tobacco smokers. Both male and female dual users had similar risk of hypertension.
Abstract 17469: Comparing the Effect of CRT Implantation on Quality of Life in Older Patients Compared With Younger Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ponnamreddy Praveen , Juggan Saeed , Gilstrap Lauren
Published: May 2021

Background:
CRT had been accepted as standard of care for patients with HFrEF who qualify for the therapy. The pivotal CRT trials enrolled patients significantly younger than the typical HFrEF patients seen in the community. Benefits of CRT in older HFrEF patients is largely unknown. We sought to evaluate the change in quality of life in older patients undergoing CRT in comparison to younger patients.

Hypothesis:
CRT implantation is associated with comparable improvements in quality of life in younger patients (age <70) and older patients (age 70 and above).

Methods:
PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science were queried for comparative effectiveness studies of CRT in older HFrEF patients. We gathered data for Quality of life measurements including improvement in NYHA class, MLHFQ, Six minute walk test. MLHFQ, Six minute walk test data was analyzed qualitatively as data was insufficient to impute Standard deviation for mean change. Changes in NYHA class was analyzed quantitatively. Random effects meta-analysis of improvement in NYHA class and relative risk (RR) is reported along with estimates of heterogeneity

Results:
Seven studies [n=2494 for younger group and n=1035 for older group] were included in changes in NYHA class meta-analysis. Older age group patients had similar improvement in NYHA class compared to younger age group patients. Relative risk 0.99 with 95%CI 0.93-1.06 (figure). Five studies reported Baseline and follow up MLHFQ scores for both the groups. All the five studies reported improvements in MLHFQ in both the groups. Three studies reported change in six minute walk test in meters before and after CRT implantation. All the studies reported improvement in six minute walk test both in younger and older group.

Conclusions:
People older than 70 years of age with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who qualify for CRT derive similar benefits with improvement in quality of life compared to patients aged less than 70 years of age.
Abstract 17477: Delay in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Presentation During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York
Authors: Mahmood Eitezaz , Devanabanda Arvind , Singh Avneet , jauhar rajiv
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
The Covid-19 pandemic has been associated with a reduction in STEMI volume in cardiac catheterization centers around the United States; yet a paradoxical increase in cardiovascular death within the same time period.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that reduction in STEMI volume during the COVID-19 pandemic may have been secondary to patient reluctance to present to the hospital.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of patients who presented to the emergency department from March 1st-April 19th, 2020 and March 1st-April 19th, 2019 across Northwell Health. Data on clinical comorbidities, time from symptoms onset, and patient outcomes was abstracted through manual chart review. The primary outcome of our study was time from onset of chest pain to presentation to the emergency room. Patients with COVID-19 were excluded from analysis. Variables were compared using the Chi-square test for categorical variables and the student-t for continuous variables.

Results:
In total 197 patients met our inclusion criteria, with 135 (69%) admitted in 2019 as compared to 62 (31%) presenting during the same time period in during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were no significant differences in the age of our patients and in comorbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients who presented for STEMI during the COVID-19 waited significantly longer from time of onset of symptoms as compared to patients in 2019, (13.5 hours vs. 6.5 hours, p = .05). Patients who presented for STEMI in 2020 were more likely to die during hospitalization, but this did not reach statistical significance (9.7% vs 6.7%, p = .45).

Conclusions:
Reduction in STEMI volume during the COVID-19 pandemic may be related to patient reluctance to present to the hospital. Efforts to reduce the stigma of hospitalizations during the pandemic is important.
Abstract 17496: The Effect of Statin on Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Burden
Authors: Younis Arwa , Aktas Mehmet , Goldenberg Ilan , McNitt Scott , Polonsky Bronislava , Kutyifa Valentina , ROSERO Spencer Z , Huang David T , Shah Abrar , Alexis Jeffrey , Daubert James , Zareba Wojciech
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Statins may reduce risk for ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VTA) in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Ranolazine was shown to increase plasma concentrations of statin.

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of statin on

recurrent

VTA, and to explore the interaction with both Ranolizine and cardiomyopathy (CMP) origin.

Methods:
The Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association between statin treatment and the risk for recurrent VTA among 1012 ICD patients enrolled in the Ranolazine Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Trial (RAID). Interaction-term analysis with ranolazine and ischemic status were performed. Number of events was limited to a maximum of 10 VTA events per patient to avoid any patients having an undue influence on model estimates.

Results:
A total of 740 (73%) RAID patients were treated with statins. Multivariable analysis showed that statin use was associated with an overall 30% reduction in the risk for recurrent VTA (HR=0.70; p<0.001)(Figure). Interaction analysis showed that the benefit of statin use was seen
only
among patients with non-ischemic CMP (HR=0.53 [95%CI 0.41-0.69]; p<0.001), whereas there was no evidence of benefit among patients with ischemic CMP for recurrent VTA (HR=1.03 [95%CI 0.70-1.54] p=0.70), with an interaction p-value of <0.01 for the differential effect of statin use on recurrent VTA by CMP origin. The effect of statin was relatively consistent and did not differ significantly between the ranolazine and placebo arms (Figure). Statin use was not associated with increased adverse events, and ranolazine discontinuation was higher among those who were not treated with statins vs. those who received statin therapy (53% vs 42%, respectively; p<0.01).

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that treatment with statin (regardless if with or without ranolazine) is highly effective in reducing VTA burden in non-ischemic ICD recipients.
Abstract 311: Machine Learning of the Electrocardiogram to Detect Regional Structural Abnormalities of the Heart
Authors: Rogers Albert J , Tooley James , Thakkar Vyom , Torres Jessica , XU JUSTIN , Bhatia Neal K , Tung Jagteshwar , Alhusseini Mahmood , Baykaner Tina , Clifford Gari , Zaharia Matei , Ashley Euan A , Perez Marco V , Narayan Sanjiv M
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Regional dysfunction of cardiac myocardium can result from diverse underlying conditions and cause adverse events even in patients without clinically apparent cardiovascular disease over ejection fraction. Assessment of regional wall motion abnormalities (WMA) currently requires sophisticated imaging that is not feasible for population screening or frequent disease monitoring.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that an AI-enabled ECG model trained on a dataset of qualitative labels could identify and localize wall motion abnormalities with higher accuracy than traditional ECG analysis

Methods:
In a large academic center, a deep convolutional network was developed with raw 12-lead ECGs and associated reports from 82,424 transthoracic echocardiograms (N = 50,960 patients, age 64 ± 17 years, 54.5% male). 80% of the data was used in model development and the remaining 20% was used for testing. ECGs with ventricular pacing and non-finalized echocardiography reports were excluded. Pre-processing included Kors transformation and beat extraction for input size of 3x300 samples (Figure 1A) and output labels were established by NLP of semi-structured echocardiography reports.

Results:
ML ECG based models predicted inferior/posterior regional wall motion abnormality with C-statistic of 0.772 (Figure 1B). Physician interpretation of Q-wave ECG pattern was inferior (C-statistic of 0.505). Other segments had similar AUC (apex 0.81, anterior 0.80, lateral 0.75, septal 0.75). Patients with positive ECG screen had +LR 2.70 of having a wall motion abnormality on echocardiography and patients with WMA by echocardiography had decreased survival (LR 0.41, CI: 0.34-0.47, p<0.005) mortality over follow-up of >1500 days (Figure 1C).

Conclusion:
This study is the first to evaluate the presence and location of regional wall motion abnormalities from inexpensive and noninvasive 12-lead ECG. This approach could be applied for widespread ambulatory screening.
First-Phase Ejection Fraction, a Measure of Preclinical Heart Failure, Is Strongly Associated With Increased Mortality in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Gu Haotian , Cirillo Chiara , Nabeebaccus Adam A. , Sun Zhenxing , Fang Lingyun , Xie Yuji , Demir Ozan , Desai Nishita , He Lin , Lü Qing , Nakou Eleni , O’Gallagher Kevin , Tountas Christos , Marvaki Apostolia , Monaghan Mark , Perera Divaka , Pericao Ana , Ryan Matthew , Sinclair Hannah , Stylianidis Vasileios , Victor Kelly , Wang Bin , Wang Jing , Wang Rui , Wu Chun , Yang Yali , Yuan Hongliang , Zhang Danqing , Zhang Yongxing , Faconti Luca , Papachristidis Alexandros , Zhang Li , Carr-White Gerald , Shah Ajay M. , Xie Mingxing , Chowienczyk Phil
Published: May 2021

Presence of heart failure is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of the present study was to examine whether first-phase ejection fraction (EF1), the ejection fraction measured in early systole up to the time of peak aortic velocity, a sensitive measure of preclinical heart failure, is associated with survival in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. A retrospective outcome study was performed in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who underwent echocardiography (n=380) at the West Branch of the Union Hospital, Wuhan, China and in patients admitted to King’s Health Partners in South London, United Kingdom. Association of EF1 with survival was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. EF1 was compared in patients with COVID-19 and in historical controls with similar comorbidities (n=266) who had undergone echocardiography before the COVID-19 pandemic. In patients with COVID-19, EF1 was a strong predictor of survival in each patient group (Wuhan and London). In the combined group, EF1 was a stronger predictor of survival than other clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic characteristics including age, comorbidities, and biochemical markers. A cutoff value of 25% for EF1 gave a hazard ratio of 5.23 ([95% CI, 2.85–9.60];
P
<0.001) unadjusted and 4.83 ([95% CI, 2.35–9.95],
P
<0.001) when adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, hs-cTnI (high-sensitive cardiac troponin), and CRP (C-reactive protein). EF1 was similar in patients with and without COVID-19 (23.2±7.3 versus 22.0±7.6%,
P
=0.092, adjusted for prevalence of risk factors and comorbidities). Impaired EF1 is strongly associated with mortality in COVID-19 and probably reflects preexisting, preclinical heart failure.
Cerebral Microbleeds
Authors: Graff-Radford Jonathan , Lesnick Timothy , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Przybelski Scott A. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Preboske Gregory M. , Mielke Michelle M. , Lowe Val J. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Kremers Walter K. , Jack Clifford R. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Kantarci Kejal
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are represented by small areas of hemosiderin deposition, detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and found in ≈23% of the cognitively normal population over age of 60 years. CMBs predict risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. They correlate with increased cardiovascular mortality. In this article, we sought to determine in a population-based study whether antithrombotic medications correlate with CMBs and, if present, whether the association was direct or mediated by another variable.

Methods:

The study consisted of 1253 participants from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who underwent T2* gradient-recalled echo magnetic resonance imaging. We tested the relationship between antithrombotic medications and CMB presence and location, using multivariable logistic-regression models. Ordinal logistic models tested the relationship between antithrombotics and CMB frequency. Using structural equation models, we assessed the effect of antithrombotic medications on presence/absence of CMBs and count of CMBs in the CMB-positive group, after considering the effects of age, sex, vascular risk factors, amyloid load by positron emission tomography, and apoE.

Results:

Two hundred ninety-five participants (26.3%) had CMBs. Among 678 participants taking only antiplatelet medications, 185 (27.3%) had CMBs. Among 95 participants taking only an anticoagulant, 43 (45.3%) had CMBs. Among 44 participants taking an anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, 21 (48.8%) had CMBs. Anticoagulants correlated with the presence and frequency of CMBs, whereas antiplatelet agents were not. Structural equation models showed that predictors for presence/absence of CMBs included older age at magnetic resonance imaging, male sex, and anticoagulant use. Predictors of CMB count in the CMB-positive group were male sex and amyloid load.

Conclusions:

Anticoagulant use correlated with presence of CMBs in the general population. Amyloid positron emission tomography correlated with the count of CMBs in the CMB-positive group.
Suppletion in a Three-Way Number System: Evidence from Creek
Authors: Johnson Kimberly
Published: May 2021

Suppletion is central to the debate on the nature of roots: whether roots are characterized by their phonology or are phonologically abstract. Borer (2014) holds that so-called suppletive verbs consist of different phonologically constant roots with overlapping semantics. Harley (2014), however, argues that suppletive verbs instantiate root suppletion: one abstract root with distinct phonological realizations dependent on grammatical environment. This squib presents additional evidence from verbal suppletion in Creek (Muskogean) that supports the view that roots are abstract. Creek suppletive verbs are part of a larger three-way number-marking paradigm and their distribution is dependent on the formal number features of their first argument.
Status Distinctions and Sartorial Difference: Slavery, Sexual Ethics, and the Social Logic of Veiling in Islamic Law
Authors: Anchassi Omar
Published: May 2021

This article explores how jurists articulated the distinction between free and enslaved Muslim women through sartorial norms in the formative and early post-formative periods of Islamic law. Drawing on works of fiqh (positive law), tafsīr (Qurʾān commentary) and ḥadīth (Prophetic and non-Prophetic reports), I posit that this distinction attests to the tensions between “proprietary” and “theocentric” sexual ethics, as noted by Hina Azam. Specifically, I track the variant transmissions of a widely-cited report featuring the Caliph ʿUmar (r. 13–23/634–44), and trace how jurists responded to the free-slave binary in their discussion of “modesty zones” (ʿawrāt) and veiling practices. Based on a detailed examination of fiqh sources to the early fifth Islamic century (with some attention to subsequent material), I argue that Islamic modesty norms are best understood in light of the proprietary/theocentric binary, and that the divergence between juristic expectations of free and enslaved women increased in the post-formative period.
Between Arabic and Persian Traditions
Authors: Hämeen-Anttila Jaakko
Published: May 2021

The article analyses the ways Ḥamīd al-Dīn Balḫī (d. 559/1164) adopted and adapted the technique of earlier Arabic authors, most notably al-Ḥarīrī (d. 516/1122), in his Persian maqāmas. It also emends the traditional dating of his maqāma collection.
“Each Nail a Jail”
Authors: Shmookler Max
Published: May 2021

Kitāb al-Masāmīr or The Book of Nails is a collection of nine maqāmāt written in late 1893 or early 1894 by the Alexandrian litterateur ʿAbdallāh al-Nadīm (d. 1896). It is al-Nadīm’s last work, composed in Istanbul, where the author lived out his final years in exile. Bringing together literary style, political rhetoric, and obscene imagery, al-Nadīm wrote Kitāb al-Masāmīr to defend his former teacher and fellow exile, Ǧamāl al-Dīn al-Afġānī (1838–1897), against the machinations of Abū l-Hudā al-Ṣayyādī (1849–1909), the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II’s most powerful Arab advisor. To do so, al-Nadīm employed key formal features of the maqāma genre to critique the corruption of the Ottoman state in his own time. The contemporaneity of the critique, and the fact that it is expressed through manipulations of literary form, invites a re-evaluation of the common assertion that maqāmāt composed in the modern period are artificial, imitative, and disconnected from contemporary societal concerns. In place of such an approach, this article turns to close readings of key characters, stylistic elements, and narrative scenes to suggest ways to read the manipulation of literary form as an integral aspect of the genre’s deep engagement with its contemporary world.
Notes on the distribution of Anadendrum latifolium (Araceae) in India and its lectotypification

Authors: RASINGAM LADAN , KARTHIGEYAN KALIYAMURTHY
Published: May 2021

Anadendrum latifolium is reported here as new addition to the flora of India from Andaman & Nicobar Islands and a lectotype is designated from the existing type materials.
Redescriptions of ten chigger mite species (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from Vietnam
Authors: ANTONOVSKAIA ANASTASIA A. , STEKOLNIKOV ALEXANDR A.
Published: May 2021

Ten species of chigger mites from the genera Gahrliepia Oudemans, 1912, Walchia Ewing, 1931, Cheladonta Lipovsky, Crossley and Loomis, 1955, Doloisia Oudemans, 1910, Schoutedenichia Jadin and Vercammen-Grandjean, 1954, and Microtrombicula Ewing, 1950, incompletely described by Schluger et al. (1960a, c, 1961, 1963) from rodents in North Vietnam, are redescribed based on type series. Lectotypes and paralectotypes have been designated for all species. A new synonymy has been established: Walchia delicatula (Schluger, Grochovskaja, Ngu, Hoe and Tung, 1960) (= Walchia tianguangshanensis Zhao, 1981 syn. nov.).
Studies on Raspy Crickets: A new Andean Hyperbaenini genus (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Hyperbaeninae)
Authors: CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , ARAUJO-PEÑA ÍO , RUBIANO-GUZMAN MILTON , DÍAZ CARLOS JULIO ARANGO
Published: May 2021

Mikrohyperbaenus n. gen. is the first Andean genus for the tribe Hyperbaenini, the other genera such as Hyperbaenus and Dibelona inhabit the low and humid lands of South America. The new genus is distinguished by the structure of the male terminalia and the apex of the labial and maxillary palps, which are unusually naked or without the cuticle, that covers the other body segments. Mikrohyperbaenus n. gen. is a monotypic genus, found in the surroundings of the Zapatoca municipality, Santander, Colombia, a territory inhabited in the past by the Guane indigenous people, for which the new species Mikrohyperbaenus guane n. gen. et n. sp. is dedicated to that particular Pre-columbian indigenous people.
A new species of the genus Mycterodus Spinola (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Issidae) from Iran defining southern boundary of generic distribution
Authors: GNEZDILOV VLADIMIR M.
Published: May 2021

Mycterodus meridionalis sp. n. is described from Kerman Province of southern Iran. This is one of the most southern species of the genus Mycterodus Spinola known from between 29º and 30º of northern latitude.
Two new species of the genus Blattochaeta Reitter, 1910 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini) from Montenegro
Authors: ČEPLÍK DÁVID , LAKOTA JÁN , ČEPLÍK JAROSLAV
Published: May 2021

Two further new species of the tribe Leptodirini Lacordaire, 1854 inhabit the subterranean world of the Southern Dinarides located in the northern and southeastern mountains of Montenegro: Blattochaeta brankojalzici D. Čeplík, Lakota & J. Čeplík, sp. nov., and Blattochaeta peterhlavaci D. Čeplík, Lakota & J. Čeplík, sp. nov. The new species are described, illustrated and dedicated to our dear friends in the field of subterranean biology and entomology. Morphological comparison with available related species, as well as the distribution, including a map for the whole genus Blattochaeta Reitter, 1910, and information on their natural history are given. A catalogue for the whole genus is provided and some taxonomic problems of related species are indicated.
New Mixaderus species from the Mascarene Islands (Coleoptera: Aderidae)
Authors: GOMPEL NICOLAS
Published: May 2021

Following a previous revision of species of the genus Mixaderus Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1996 (Coleoptera: Aderidae) from Madagascar and the Mascarene islands, I describe here six new species from the same genus from La Réunion and Mauritius: Mixaderus reunionensis n. sp.; Mixaderus chassaini n. sp.; Mixaderus lemagneni n. sp.; Mixaderus tamisieri n. sp.; Mixaderus voisini n. sp.; Mixaderus mauritiensis n. sp. I also provide an updated key to the Mixaderus species from the Mascarene archipelago.
The social psychological dynamics of transgender and gender nonconforming identity formation, negotiation, and affirmation
Authors: Hetzel Carole J. , Mann K.
Published: May 2021

This study contributes to trans identity affirmation research by exploring transgender and gender nonconforming (GNC) identity formation, negotiation, and affirmation involving self-verification (recognition by others of one’s gender identity and presentation) and validation (accordant treatment by others) in interpersonal relationships and social interactions. Classic symbolic interactionism and social identity theory, with a focus on the self-verification and identity negotiation processes that lie therein, provide the bases for viewing gender-expansive identity within social and interpersonal negotiations. Eighteen interviews were conducted with transgender and GNC participants. Using a grounded theory approach, four key themes emerged: the importance of personal agency in achieving internal and external identity accord, the value of revealing gender histories in interpersonal relationships, the recognition of extant hurdles in navigating intersectional identities, and the constrictive effects of cisgender privilege and binaried views of gender on the gender-expansive individual. In the discussion we address strategies to enhance gender negotiations, and suggest modifications to current views of gender roles and relationships that recognize the value of transgender and GNC individuals as enablers of change within and between gender groups.
Modeling Arrival Flight Times within the Terminal Airspace
Authors: Alsalous Osama , Hotle Susan
Published: May 2021

Air traffic management efficiency in the descent phase of flights is a key area of interest in aviation research for the United States, Europe, and recently other parts of the world. The efficiency of arrival travel times within the terminal airspace is one of nineteen key performance indicators defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the International Civil Aviation Organization, typically within 100 nmi of arrival airports. This study models the relationship between travel time within the terminal airspace and contributing factors using a multivariate log-linear model to quantify the impact that these factors have on the total travel time within the last 100 nmi. The results were compared with the baseline set of variables that are currently used for benchmarking at the FAA. The analyzed data included flight and weather data from January 1, 2018 to March 31, 2018 for five airports in the United States: Chicago O’Hare International Airport, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International, San Francisco International Airport, John F. Kennedy International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport. The modeling results showed that there is a significant improvement in prediction accuracy of travel times compared with the baseline methodology when additional factors, such as wind, meteorological conditions, demand and capacity, ground delay programs, market distance, time of day, and day of week, are included. Root mean squared error values from out-of-sample testing were used to measure the accuracy of the estimated models.
Understanding How Cumulative Victimization Predicts Future Victimization Risk: Relevance of Cognitive Versus Social Mediation
Authors: Wojciechowski Thomas
Published: May 2021

Cumulative victimization represents the summation of victimization experiences across multiple contexts, with greater accumulation generally predicting greater dysfunction than less accumulation of exposures. Past research has indicated that cumulative victimization predicts increased risk for future revictimization also. The dual systems model may help to understand this relationship. This framework comprises constructs of sensation-seeking and impulse control in developmental context. Deviant peer association may provide a social factor that helps to understand this relationship. Victimization has been found to influence all of these constructs identified here. It is predicted that increased accumulation of victimization experiences may drive variation in these constructs that results in elevated risk for revictimization. This study sought to test the theory that each of these three constructs independently mediated the cumulative victimization–revictimization relationship. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. This sample was comprised of 1,354 juvenile offenders followed for 7 years after a recent adjudication prior to baseline measurements. The first three waves of data were used in analyses. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to test for the relationships of interest. A bootstrapping process of computing standard errors was carried out to determine significance of mediation effects. Results indicated that increased cumulative victimization scores at baseline predicted increased probability of experiencing victimization at Wave 3. This relationship was attenuated by about 15% when all mediators were added to the model and the relationship remained significant. Further analyses indicated that the specific indirect effect running through deviant peer association was significant, as was the total indirect effect. Findings indicate that increases in cumulative victimization may result in increased affiliation with deviant peers that further increases their future victimization risk. Service providers for survivors of violence should focus on screening of social relationships of those they provide care for in order to assess safety concerns.
Friendly moods
Authors: Milian Claudia
Published: May 2021

This exploration is a journeying toward ethical encounters with others in unfamiliar locales. It attends to friendship, close association with non-relatives, and a nexus of themes that arise amidst the COVID-19 global health crisis: quarantine life, networks of belonging and human connections, and new forms of research and productivity. The piece’s ruminative thinking draws on what the author discovers at a personal level in Madrid, Spain, pursuing a knowledge of what is to be gained—produced—by not moving, but from dwelling indoors. Not a travelogue underpinned by tourist optimism, this postcard essay is a travel story of a philosophy of life through friendship and a caring commitment to strangers. This approach allows for coping through and understanding the most important problem of our time, the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ecofeminist Theology: Intersectional Justice and Plumwood’s Philosophical Animism
Authors: Carfore Kimberly
Published: May 2021

The multi-faceted ecological crisis—combining problems of ecology, society, and religion—is tied to the ideologies implicit in Western thinking. In this essay, I outline an ecofeminist theology which addresses how the current ecological crisis we face—including but not limited to, climate change, mass species extinction, ocean acidification, the rise in wildfires and superstorms, glacial melt, pollution—are tied to problematic and incorrect ideologies. To do this, I utilize Val Plumwood’s robust ecofeminist philosophy to revealing harmful dualisms implicit in all forms of oppression. I critique transcendental monotheism for extracting life, God, and agency from the natural world. If God exists over and above the Earth, and this God is omnipotent, omnipresent, and omniscient, this justifies the problematic lagged response to our urgent ecological crisis. In short, my ecofeminist theology (1) affirms intersectionality. It considers racial injustice and systemic racism are intertwined with the ecological crises. We cannot address our ecological crisis without also addressing racial injustice. (2) It critiques a transcendental monotheistic God as this reinforces irresponsible and apathetic responses to our multi-faceted ecological crisis. And (3) it affirms Plumwood’s “philosophical animism” as a way to retrieve nature in the active voice. By retrieving nature in the active voice, we retrieve a sense of groundedness in place through relationships with non-humans. Her “philosophical animism” affirms agency in the natural world without culturally appropriating Indigenous cultures. It is a way for Westerners to enter into dialogical relationship with the natural world. It is both political—affirming the rights of Black, Indigenous, and other people of color—and it is personal—engaging in a practice of the wild (Gary Snyder).
Varying Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 and Functional/Dysfunctional Coping Strategies: A Mixed-Method Approach
Authors: Rishi Parul , Acharya Suchitra , Das Sushovan , Sood Anushka
Published: May 2021

The current focus on the transmission of COVID-19 infection all over the world may probably distract public attention from psychosocial consequences of the outbreak in the affected individuals and in the general population. However, there is limited empirical information about its psychological impact on the people of diverse regions and nationalities. Hence, the study aims to understand the psychological impacts of COVID-19 and associated pandemic distress on the demographically diverse Indian population and the ways people are adopting to cope with them. A total of 261 respondents aged 18−73 years, representing more than 17 states of India, filled an electronic survey questionnaire. Survey research methodology following the mixed-method approach adopting both qualitative and quantitative methodologies was adopted. Results of the first phase of the study indicated significant psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on respondents during the first three weeks of lockdown, especially the pandemic anxiety and social isolation. Physical health, fitness, self-care, family connect, learning of the new skill sets and self-growth opportunity were found to be some of the functional ways to cope with pandemic in this phase, whereas passive acceptance was expressed as a dysfunctional strategy to cope with pandemic coupled with negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, frustration and irritability for others. However, phase two of the study with 20% of respondents in the sixth week of lockdown revealed the exhaustion of the learning phase, limited efforts for self-growth and increasing anxiety and frustration. A great proportion of respondents expressed fear of losing global business scenario and its direct or indirect impact on them. A need for consistent and dedicated mental health care was recommended.
Inclusiveness and the Progress of Indian States: Evidence from Inclusive Development Index Between 2011 and 2018
Authors: Aggarwal Suresh Chand
Published: May 2021

This article examines the progress of the Indian states in inclusiveness between 2011 and 2018, based on the “Inclusive Development Index” (IDI), which includes many important aspects of the economy and people. The study has followed the broad guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development—OECD (2008) to construct IDI, and it is based on two pillars of growth—the process and the outcome. The index includes 26 sub-pillars represented by 104 indicators. The weights of the indicators are obtained separately for 2011 and 2018 by applying the principal component analysis at the indicator level, and then a simple average has been computed at the sub-pillar and pillar levels to obtain the composite IDI for the 19 major Indian states. The composite IDI shows that in 2018, while the most inclusive states are Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Kerala, the least inclusive are the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh (UP), Madhya Pradesh (MP), Assam, Jharkhand and Bihar. The performance of the states, however, varies among pillars, sub-pillars and indicators in both 2011 and 2018. The study may help the states to identify their spheres of “low” performance and learn from their “front-runner” peers, so as to take the necessary policy initiatives.
I am Worried: Do the PSWQ and PSWQ-A Display Measurement Invariance Across Four Racial Groups?
Authors: Cares Samuel R. , Younce Johanna A. , Mangen Katie H. , Winder Jessica R. , Fergus Thomas A. , Wu Kevin D.
Published: May 2021

The issue of race within the context of psychological assessment is important, but often overlooked. Many self-report measures of psychopathology have been developed and validated using primarily White samples. Research regarding the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and race has produced mixed results, which in turn may present challenges when comparing scores across racial groups. The current article sought to investigate the measurement invariance of the PSWQ and PSWQ-A (an abbreviated version) across four racial groups (White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic) in a sample of 2,489 undergraduate students. Confirmatory factor analysis of a one-factor structure illustrated poor fit across all racial groups for the full-length PSWQ. Two-factor and one-factor with method effects models of the full-length PSWQ each improved on the previous model fit, although the one-factor method effects model was limited by nonsalient factor loadings. Additionally, a separate confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit for the PSWQ-A. Further analysis of the PSWQ-A suggested measurement invariance across all racial groups, as well as configural, metric, and scalar invariance. These findings advance the literature on the relationship between worry and race, suggesting that direct comparisons on the PSWQ-A between racial groups is appropriate.
Transcultural and familial factors in bilingualism and language transmission: A qualitative study of maternal representations of French-Maghrebi Arabic bilingual children
Authors: Guessoum Sélim Benjamin , Rezzoug Dalila , Touhami Fatima , Bennabi-Bensekhar Malika , Taieb Olivier , Baubet Thierry , Moro Marie Rose
Published: May 2021

This qualitative exploratory study examined transcultural and familial factors involved in bilingualism and minority language transmission among French and Arabic-speaking children. Participants included 30 children aged 4 to 6 years, born in France, and their bilingual French-Maghrebi Arabic-speaking parents. Children’s bilingual language profiles were assessed with the ELAL Scale for Maghrebi Arabic (minority language) and the Neel Scale for French (majority language). Mothers participated in qualitative interviews about cultural and language practices and representations. Interview contents were compared with the children’s language profiles. Results indicated that parents closely associated the transmission of the Arabic language with their cultural heritage transmission. The parents of fluent bilinguals had a strong desire to transmit the minority language. Mothers of minority language dominant bilingual children reported little perception of change in their lives since migration. Half of the mothers of majority language dominant bilingual children reported relationship or emotional difficulties with their children. Four minority language transmission types were identified: direct parent-child transmission; indirect transmission through private classes; indirect transmission through visits to family in the parents' native countries; and alternative transmission by another family member. Direct parent-child transmission was most frequent among the fluent bilinguals. Families' processes of hybridity were related to language transmission and bilingual development of children. Parental cultural affiliations to native country were related to minority language transmission. Perception of change since migration and affiliation to host country may also play a role in harmonious bilingual development. Moreover, the quality of family relationships can affect minority language transmission.
Evaluating Measures of Intimate Partner Violence Using Consensus-Based Standards of Validity
Authors: Alexander Erin F. , Backes Bethany L. , Johnson Matthew D.
Published: May 2021

The assessment of intimate partner violence (IPV) by mental health, medical, and criminal justice practitioners occurs routinely. The validity of the assessment instrument they use impacts practitioners’ ability to judge ongoing risk, establish the type of IPV occurring, protect potential victims, and intervene effectively. Yet, there is no known compendium of existing assessment measures. The purpose of this article is threefold: (1) to present a systematic review of measures used to identify or predict IPV, (2) to determine which of these measures have psychometric evidence to support their use, and (3) to determine whether any existing measure is capable of differentiating between situational couple violence and intimate terrorism. A systematic search was conducted using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Studies on the reliability or validity of specific measures of IPV were included, regardless of format, length, discipline, or type of IPV assessed. A total of 222 studies, on the psychometric properties of 87 unique measures, met our a priori criteria and were included in the review. We described the reliability and validity of the 87 measures. We rated the measures based on the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments–revised criteria and other established validity criteria, which allowed us to generate a list of recommended measures. We also discussed measures designed to differentiate IPV types. We conclude by describing the strengths and weaknesses of existing measures and by suggesting new avenues for researchers to enhance the assessment of IPV.
To Stop the Seizure, You Must Become the Seizure: Closed-Loop Stimulation Phase Locked to Seizure Waves Disrupts Kindled Seizures While Open-Loop Stimulation Fails
Authors: Christenson Wick Zoé , Shuman Tristan
Published: May 2021

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High-Grade Stenosis of a Traumatic Brachiocephalic Pseudoaneurysm and the Change in Cerebral Blood Flow Assessed With Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound
Authors: Nguyen Winnie , Albanese Tammy , Tran Vanessa , Moore Anne , Sekhar Laligam
Published: May 2021

This is a case report of a 35-year-old female pedestrian struck by a semi-truck. computed tomographic angiography (CTA) revealed a pseudoaneurysm at the proximal brachiocephalic artery measuring 1.8 cm in cranio-caudal length and 1.2 × 0.6 cm transverse. Just distal to the pseudoaneurysm, there was severe luminal narrowing caused by either a dissection flap or mural thrombus. Due to profound left-sided weakness, transcranial Doppler ultrasound was performed which demonstrated “hesitant” waveforms in the right middle cerebral and right vertebral arteries secondary to proximal obstruction. Hesitant waveforms display mid-systolic velocity deceleration and may also be referred to as the “bunny” waveform. Emboli monitoring of the right middle cerebral and basilar arteries were positive for active embolization
Plasma Proteins As Biodosimetric Markers of Low-Dose Radiation in Mice
Authors: Ge Changhui , Liang Yanjie , Zhang Yaocang , Su Fei , Chen Lu , Ma Feiyue , Ding Kexin , Zhu Jie , Zheng Xiaofei , Fu Hanjiang
Published: May 2021

Long-term exposures to low-dose radiation (LDR) may trigger several specific biological responses, including dysregulation of the immune and inflammatory systems. Here, we examined whether biodosimetry of LDR can be used to protect tissues from radiation or assess cancer risk. Mice were subjected to gamma-irradiation with repeated or single-dose LDR, and then the organ indices, peripheral hemogram, and blood biochemistry were analyzed. An antibody array was applied followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the utility of multiple plasma proteins as biomarkers of repeated LDR in a murine model. LDR induced inapparent symptoms but slight variations in peripheral blood cell counts and alterations in blood biochemical indicator levels. Specific plasma proteins in the LDR groups were altered in response to a higher dose of irradiation at the same time points or a single-dose equivalent to the same total dose. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-12p40, P-selectin, and serum amyloid A1 were associated with the LDR dose and thus may be useful as dosimetric predictors of LDR in mice. Estimating the levels of certain plasma proteins may yield promising biodosimetry parameters to accurately identify individuals exposed to LDR, facilitating risk assessment of long-term LDR exposure in individuals.
The Fragility of Statistical Significance in Cartilage Restoration of the Knee: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Parisien Robert L. , Constant Michael , Saltzman Bryan M. , Popkin Charles A. , Ahmad Christopher S. , Li Xinning , Trofa David P.
Published: May 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to utilize fragility analysis to assess the robustness of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the management of articular cartilage defects of the knee. We hypothesize that the cartilage restorative literature will be fragile with the reversal of only a few outcome events required to change statistical significance.

Design

RCTs from 11 orthopedic journals indexed on PubMed from 2000 to 2020 reporting dichotomous outcome measures relating to the management of articular cartilage defects of the knee were included. The Fragility Index (FI) for each outcome was calculated through the iterative reversal of a single outcome event until significance was reversed. The Fragility Quotient (FQ) was calculated by dividing each FI by study sample size. Additional statistical analysis was performed to provide median FI and FQ across subgroups.

Results

Nineteen RCTs containing 60 dichotomous outcomes were included for analysis. The FI and FQ of all outcomes was 4 (IQR 2-7) and 0.067 (IQR 0.034-0.096), respectively. The average number of patients lost to follow-up (LTF) was 3.9 patients with 15.8% of the included studies reporting LTF greater than or equal to 4, the FI of all included outcomes.

Conclusions

The orthopedic literature evaluating articular cartilage defects of the knee is fragile as the reversal of relatively few outcome events may alter the significance of statistical findings. We therefore recommend comprehensive fragility analysis and triple reporting of the P value, FI, and FQ to aid in the interpretation and contextualization of clinical findings reported in the cartilage restoration literature.