bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone Remodeling Around Solid and Porous Interbody Cages in the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Talukdar Rahul Gautam , Saviour Ceby Mullakkara , Tiwarekar Kaustubh , Dhara Santanu , Gupta Sanjay
Published: April 2022

Spinal fusion is an effective surgical treatment for intervertebral disk degeneration. However, the consequences of implantation with interbody cages on load transfer and bone remodeling in the vertebral bodies have scarcely been investigated. Using detailed three-dimensional models of an intact and implanted lumbar spine and the strain energy density based bone remodeling algorithm, this study aimed to investigate the evolutionary changes in distribution of bone density (ρ) around porous and solid interbody cages. Follower load technique and submodeling approach were employed to simulate applied loading conditions on the lumbar spine models. The study determined the relationship between mechanical properties and parametrical characteristics of porous body-centered-cubic (BCC) models, which corroborated well with Gibson-Ashby and exponential regression models. Variations in porosity affected the peri-prosthetic stress distributions and bone remodeling around the cages. In comparison to the solid cage, stresses and strains in the cancellous bone decreased with an increase in cage porosity; whereas the range of motion increased. For the solid cage, increase in bone density of 20–28% was predicted in the L4 inferior and L5 superior regions; whereas the model with 78% porosity exhibited a small 3–5% change in bone density. An overall increase of 9–14% bone density was predicted in the L4 and L5 vertebrae after remodeling for solid interbody cages, which may influence disk degeneration in the adjacent segment. In comparison to the solid cage, an interbody cage with 65-78% porosity could be a viable and promising alternative, provided sufficient mechanical strength is offered.
Effects of Task Constraints on Countermovement Jump Kinematics Following a Short-Term Training
Authors: Emamian Amirhossein , Hashemi Oskouei Alireza , Azreh Rasoul , Carroll Kevin
Published: April 2022

In previous studies, the acute effects of movement constraints on the countermovement jump performance are investigated; however, the longitudinal effects of implementing the constraint in a training regimen are not well studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of motor learning development due to application of task constraint in a training regimen following 6 weeks of training. Forty-five healthy adult males were randomly assigned to a control or one of two experimental constraint training groups (i.e., no arm swing or restricted knee flexion). Pre- and posttraining jump height and kinematic variables of six maximum effort countermovement jumps were compared longitudinally within the groups, and also compared between the groups. The findings of this study indicated that jump height significantly increased in all the groups while in the unrestricted control group it was increased greater than the experimental conditions (21% compared with 12% and 5.5%). However, the applied task constraints significantly improved some of the contributors to jump performance, establishing specific adaptation of kinematic variables to the constraint training. Therefore, constraint training approach could be suggested in case of demanding specific adaptation of kinematic variables of countermovement jump in a training regimen.
Genome evolution of a nonparasitic secondary heterotroph, the diatomNitzschia putrida
Authors: Kamikawa Ryoma , Mochizuki Takako , Sakamoto Mika , Tanizawa Yasuhiro , Nakayama Takuro , Onuma Ryo , Cenci Ugo , Moog Daniel , Speak Samuel , Sarkozi Krisztina , Toseland Andrew , van Oosterhout Cock , Oyama Kaori , Kato Misako , Kume Keitaro , Kayama Motoki , Azuma Tomonori , Ishii Ken-ichiro , Miyashita Hideaki , Henrissat Bernard , Lombard Vincent , Win Joe , Kamoun Sophien , Kashiyama Yuichiro , Mayama Shigeki , Miyagishima Shin-ya , Tanifuji Goro , Mock Thomas , Nakamura Yasukazu
Published: April 2022

Secondary loss of photosynthesis is observed across almost all plastid-bearing branches of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genome-based insights into the transition from a phototroph into a secondary heterotroph have so far only been revealed for parasitic species. Free-living organisms can yield unique insights into the evolutionary consequence of the loss of photosynthesis, as the parasitic lifestyle requires specific adaptations to host environments. Here, we report on the diploid genome of the free-living diatomNitzschia putrida(35 Mbp), a nonphotosynthetic osmotroph whose photosynthetic relatives contribute ca. 40% of net oceanic primary production. Comparative analyses with photosynthetic diatoms and heterotrophic algae with parasitic lifestyle revealed that a combination of gene loss, the accumulation of genes involved in organic carbon degradation, a unique secretome, and the rapid divergence of conserved gene families involved in cell wall and extracellular metabolism appear to have facilitated the lifestyle of a free-living secondary heterotroph.
High-resolution profiling of MHC II peptide presentation capacity reveals SARS-CoV-2 CD4 T cell targets and mechanisms of immune escape
Authors: Obermair Franz-Josef , Renoux Florian , Heer Sebastian , Lee Chloe H. , Cereghetti Nastassja , Loi Marisa , Maestri Giulia , Haldner Yannick , Wuigk Robin , Iosefson Ohad , Patel Pooja , Triebel Katherine , Kopf Manfred , Swain Joanna , Kisielow Jan
Published: April 2022

Understanding peptide presentation by specific MHC alleles is fundamental for controlling physiological functions of T cells and harnessing them for therapeutic use. However, commonly used in silico predictions and mass spectroscopy have their limitations in precision, sensitivity, and throughput, particularly for MHC class II. Here, we present MEDi, a novel mammalian epitope display that allows an unbiased, affordable, high-resolution mapping of MHC peptide presentation capacity. Our platform provides a detailed picture by testing every antigen-derived peptide and is scalable to all the MHC II alleles. Given the urgent need to understand immune evasion for formulating effective responses to threats such as SARS-CoV-2, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the presentability of all SARS-CoV-2 peptides in the context of several HLA class II alleles. We show that several mutations arising in viral strains expanding globally resulted in reduced peptide presentability by multiple HLA class II alleles, while some increased it, suggesting alteration of MHC II presentation landscapes as a possible immune escape mechanism.
N-terminal signal peptides facilitate the engineering of PVC complex as a potent protein delivery system
Authors: Jiang Feng , Shen Jiawei , Cheng Jiaxuan , Wang Xia , Yang Jianguo , Li Ningning , Gao Ning , Jin Qi
Published: April 2022

Extracellular contractile injection systems (eCISs) are widespread bacterial nanomachines that resemble T4 phage tail. As a typical eCIS,
Photorhabdus
virulence cassette (PVC) was proposed to inject toxins into eukaryotic cells by puncturing the cell membrane from outside. This makes it an ideal tool for protein delivery in biomedical research. However, how to manipulate this nanocomplex as a molecular syringe is still undetermined. Here, we identify that one group of N-terminal signal peptide (SP) sequences are crucial for the effector loading into the inner tube of PVC complex. By application of genetic operation, cryo–electron microscopy, in vitro translocation assays, and animal experiments, we show that, under the guidance of the SP, numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins can be loaded into PVC to exert their functions across cell membranes. We therefore might customize PVC as a potent protein delivery nanosyringe for biotherapy by selecting cargo proteins in a broad spectrum, regardless of their species, sizes, and charges.
A NAC domain mutation (E83Q) unlocks the pathogenicity of human alpha-synuclein and recapitulates its pathological diversity
Authors: Kumar Senthil T. , Mahul-Mellier Anne-Laure , Hegde Ramanath Narayana , Rivière Gwladys , Moons Rani , Ibáñez de Opakua Alain , Magalhães Pedro , Rostami Iman , Donzelli Sonia , Sobott Frank , Zweckstetter Markus , Lashuel Hilal A.
Published: April 2022

The alpha-synuclein mutation E83Q, the first in the NAC domain of the protein, was recently identified in a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies. We investigated the effects of this mutation on the aggregation of aSyn monomers and the structure, morphology, dynamic, and seeding activity of the aSyn fibrils in neurons. We found that it markedly accelerates aSyn fibrillization and results in the formation of fibrils with distinct structural and dynamic properties. In cells, this mutation is associated with higher levels of aSyn, accumulation of pS129, and increased toxicity. In a neuronal seeding model of Lewy body (LB) formation, the E83Q mutation significantly enhances the internalization of fibrils into neurons, induces higher seeding activity, and results in the formation of diverse aSyn pathologies, including the formation of LB-like inclusions that recapitulate the immunohistochemical and morphological features of brainstem LBs observed in brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Metal-metal interactions in correlated single-atom catalysts
Authors: Shan Jieqiong , Ye Chao , Jiang Yunling , Jaroniec Mietek , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: April 2022

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) include a promising family of electrocatalysts with unique geometric structures. Beyond conventional ones with fully isolated metal sites, an emerging class of catalysts with the adjacent metal single atoms exhibiting intersite metal-metal interactions appear in recent years and can be denoted as correlated SACs (C-SACs). This type of catalysts provides more opportunities to achieve substantial structural modification and performance enhancement toward a wider range of electrocatalytic applications. On the basis of a clear identification of metal-metal interactions, this review critically examines the recent research progress in C-SACs. It shows that the control of metal-metal interactions enables regulation of atomic structure, local coordination, and electronic properties of metal single atoms, which facilitate the modulation of electrocatalytic behavior of C-SACs. Last, we outline directions for future work in the design and development of C-SACs, which is indispensable for creating high-performing new SAC architectures.
Cancer cells use self-inflicted DNA breaks to evade growth limits imposed by genotoxic stress
Authors: Larsen Brian D. , Benada Jan , Yung Philip Yuk Kwong , Bell Ryan A. V. , Pappas George , Urban Vaclav , Ahlskog Johanna K. , Kuo Tia T. , Janscak Pavel , Megeney Lynn A. , Elsässer Simon J. , Bartek Jiri , Sørensen Claus S.
Published: April 2022

Genotoxic therapy such as radiation serves as a frontline cancer treatment, yet acquired resistance that leads to tumor reoccurrence is frequent. We found that cancer cells maintain viability during irradiation by reversibly increasing genome-wide DNA breaks, thereby limiting premature mitotic progression. We identify caspase-activated DNase (CAD) as the nuclease inflicting these de novo DNA lesions at defined loci, which are in proximity to chromatin-modifying CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) sites. CAD nuclease activity is governed through phosphorylation by DNA damage response kinases, independent of caspase activity. In turn, loss of CAD activity impairs cell fate decisions, rendering cancer cells vulnerable to radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Our observations highlight a cancer-selective survival adaptation, whereby tumor cells deploy regulated DNA breaks to delimit the detrimental effects of therapy-evoked DNA damage.
Why do animals want what they like?
Authors: Garcia Jair E. , Dyer Adrian G.
Published: April 2022

As in mammals, honey bee motivation for wanting rewards is modulated by dopamine
Math professor’s trial next test of China Initiative
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: April 2022

Mingqing Xiao is fighting U.S. charges that he failed to disclose ties to Chinese institutions
Potent TRIM21 and complement-dependent intracellular antiviral immunity requires the IgG3 hinge
Authors: Foss Stian , Jonsson Alexandra , Bottermann Maria , Watkinson Ruth , Lode Heidrun E. , McAdam Martin B. , Michaelsen Terje E. , Sandlie Inger , James Leo C. , Andersen Jan Terje
Published: April 2022

Humans have four IgG antibody subclasses that selectively or differentially engage immune effector molecules to protect against infections. Although IgG1 has been studied in detail and is the subclass of most approved antibody therapeutics, increasing evidence indicates that IgG3 is associated with enhanced protection against pathogens. Here, we report that IgG3 has superior capacity to mediate intracellular antiviral immunity compared with the other subclasses due to its uniquely extended and flexible hinge region, which facilitates improved recruitment of the cytosolic Fc receptor TRIM21, independently of Fc binding affinity. TRIM21 may also synergize with complement C1/C4-mediated lysosomal degradation via capsid inactivation. We demonstrate that this process is potentiated by IgG3 in a hinge-dependent manner. Our findings reveal differences in how the four IgG subclasses mediate intracellular immunity, knowledge that may guide IgG subclass selection and engineering of antiviral antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy.
Succinate dehydrogenase/complex II is critical for metabolic and epigenetic regulation of T cell proliferation and inflammation
Authors: Chen Xuyong , Sunkel Benjamin , Wang Meng , Kang Siwen , Wang Tingting , Gnanaprakasam J. N. Rashida , Liu Lingling , Cassel Teresa A. , Scott David A. , Muñoz-Cabello Ana M. , Lopez-Barneo Jose , Yang Jun , Lane Andrew N. , Xin Gang , Stanton Benjamin Z. , Fan Teresa W.-M. , Wang Ruoning
Published: April 2022

Effective T cell–mediated immune responses require the proper allocation of metabolic resources to sustain growth, proliferation, and cytokine production. Epigenetic control of the genome also governs T cell transcriptome and T cell lineage commitment and maintenance. Cellular metabolic programs interact with epigenetic regulation by providing substrates for covalent modifications of chromatin. By using complementary genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic approaches, we revealed that tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux fueled biosynthetic processes while controlling the ratio of succinate/α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to modulate the activities of dioxygenases that are critical for driving T cell inflammation. In contrast to cancer cells, where succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)/complex II inactivation drives cell transformation and growth, SDH/complex II deficiency in T cells caused proliferation and survival defects when the TCA cycle was truncated, blocking carbon flux to support nucleoside biosynthesis. Replenishing the intracellular nucleoside pool partially relieved the dependence of T cells on SDH/complex II for proliferation and survival. SDH deficiency induced a proinflammatory gene signature in T cells and promoted T helper 1 and T helper 17 lineage differentiation. An increasing succinate/α-KG ratio in SDH-deficient T cells promoted inflammation by changing the pattern of the transcriptional and chromatin accessibility signatures and consequentially increasing the expression of the transcription factor, PR domain zinc finger protein 1. Collectively, our studies revealed a role of SDH/complex II in allocating carbon resources for anabolic processes and epigenetic regulation in T cell proliferation and inflammation.
Cold agglutinin disease secondary to severe SARS-CoV-2 treated with eculizumab
Authors: Dawudi Yachar , Federici Laura , Debus Jérôme , Zucman Noémie
Published: April 2022

Impaired immune response with uncontrolled inflammation and various immunological disorders have been reported during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we report a case of cold agglutinin disease occurring during a severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a French intensive care unit. A patient was presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure and haemolytic anaemia. Direct antiglobulin test was positive with a cold agglutinin titre of 1/512. No other cause than COVID-19 explained the occurrence of cold agglutinin disease; however, causality could not be formally established. Persistent anaemia despite transfusion therapy and the short-term life-threatening, prompted the infusion of a monoclonal anti-C5 antibody (eculizumab). Eculizumab therapy quasi-fully resolved haemolysis within a few days, but ultimately the patient died from his severe COVID-19 infection. Data regarding the specific treatment of cold agglutinin disease during COVID-19 are rare. Although additional studies are warranted, eculizumab may be considered in critical situations.
Case of extensive cerebrospinal fluid leak postlumbar puncture in a paediatric patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Vikram Vemula Naga , Roy Chowdhury Sudipta
Published: April 2022

Lumbar punctures are frequently used in the diagnostic evaluation of central nervous system diseases such as infections, administration of medications such as chemotherapy and for reduction in intracranial pressure in cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak through a dural tear can result in temporary side effects such as headache (postlumbar puncture headache) and backache. Rarely, more severe side effects may occur with neurological deficits if there is an extensive CSF collection or epidural haematoma. However, the majority of these lesions can be managed conservatively.
Diagnosing a nocturnal eating disorder in an average-weight man
Authors: Arcaz Arthur , White Natalie , Mekonnen Asefa Jejaw
Published: April 2022

A middle-aged man of average weight presented to the sleep medicine clinic for multiple episodes of nocturnal eating during night-time awakenings for the past several months. His symptoms were more characteristic of night eating syndrome rather than sleep-related eating disorder because of his recollection of the eating episodes and intake of edible substances during these episodes. He was treated with a low dose of sertraline with an initial improvement of symptoms followed by a relapse that was controlled with an increased dose. A year after initiation of therapy, his symptoms have resolved.
Complete transection of the sciatic nerve following closed femoral fracture
Authors: Johnston Emma , McGarry Kevin , Martin Serena , Lewis Harry
Published: April 2022

Complete transection of the sciatic nerve following femoral fracture is extremely rare. In the setting of closed injury it has only been reported in two other cases. Here we present a teenage motorcyclist who sustained a closed left, mid-femoral fracture following a road traffic collision with complete transection of the sciatic nerve. Despite being a closed injury, the obvious limb deformity of the patient and extreme pain prompted immediate nerve block during the primary survey making formal neurological assessment difficult. This case highlights the possibility of complete major nerve transection in closed injuries, and the importance of careful clinical examination alongside repeat imaging.
Secondary open-angle glaucoma following YAG-laser vitreolysis
Authors: de Vries Ewout , Faraj Chenar , Gerbrandy Feike , Hulsman Caroline
Published: April 2022

We report a case of a man in his 50s who developed open-angle glaucoma following neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) laser vitreolysis. Despite attempts to control the pressure with topical medication and selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), surgical intervention using a Baerveldt glaucoma valve (BGV) was needed after which the intraocular pressure was controlled successfully. This rare but serious complication highlights the fact that in certain cases long-term monitoring of intraocular pressure is necessary following laser vitreolysis.
Emergent option in complicated acute type B aortic dissection
Authors: Nakabayashi Keisuke , Shimizu Toshikazu , Takahashi Ken , Ando Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

Man in his 30s was diagnosed with type B acute aortic dissection with malperfusion syndrome. Emergent endovascular therapy assisted by intravascular ultrasound was performed due to the unavailability of the neighbourhood cardiovascular surgeons and stored stent grafts. Stenting at the dissected superior mesenteric artery resolved the malperfusion syndrome. Acute aortic dissection complicated by malperfusion syndrome warrants rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Endovascular therapy could be the most promptly accessible and effective strategy in certain situations. Intravascular ultrasound is also crucial for proper wiring and stenting.
HypermucoviscousKlebsiella pneumoniaeinvasive syndrome in a patient with diabetes without liver abscess
Authors: Valente-Acosta Benjamin , Vigil-Escalera-Bejarano Maria , Ochoa-Ramirez Carlos Alberto , Hoyo-Ulloa Irma
Published: April 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniaeis part of the human gastrointestinal microbiota. It is also a well-known cause of community and nosocomial infections, involving mainly the lung and urinary tract. An invasive syndrome with liver abscess due to a new hypervirulent strain ofK. pneumoniaewas recently described. Several cases have been reported, mainly in Asia. Here, we show a case of a patient with an extrahepatic involvement affecting the lung and prostate.
Is the risk of cardiovascular disease in women with pre-eclampsia modified by very low or very high offspring birth weight? A nationwide cohort study in Norway
Authors: Riise Hilde Kristin Refvik , Igland Jannicke , Sulo Gerhard , Iversen Marjolein Memelink , Graue Marit , Eskild Anne , Tell Grethe Seppola , Daltveit Anne Kjersti
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To examine whether the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with pre-eclampsia is modified by very low or very high offspring birth weight. Further, we studied whether diabetes in pregnancy modified this risk.

Design

Nationwide cohort study.

Setting

Norwegian population registries.

Participants

618 644 women who gave birth to their first child during 1980–2009.

Methods

The women were followed from delivery until the development of CVD or censoring, by linkage of the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway project, and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry.

Primary outcome measure: CVD.

Results

Compared with normotensive women with normal offspring birth weight, women with pre-eclampsia had increased risk of CVD (HR 2.16; 95% CI 2.05 to 2.26). The CVD risk was even higher when pre-eclampsia was accompanied with a large for gestational age offspring (LGA, z-score >2.0) (HR 2.57; 95% CI 2.08 to 3.18). Women with pre-eclampsia and a small for gestational age offspring (SGA, z-score <−2.0) had an HR of 1.54 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.93) compared with normotensive women with normal offspring birth weight.

Also, women with diabetes had increased CVD risk, but no additional risk associated with an LGA or SGA offspring.

Conclusions

Women with pre-eclampsia and an LGA offspring had higher risk of CVD than pre-eclamptic women with a normal weight (z-score −2.0 to 2.0) or SGA offspring. These findings suggest that factors causing pre-eclampsia and an LGA offspring are also linked to development of CVD.
Clinical, radiological and molecular studies in 24 individuals with Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia and Smith-McCort dysplasia from India
Authors: Varshney Kruti , Narayanachar Sanjeeva Ghanti , Girisha Katta M , Bhavani Gandham SriLakshmi , Narayanan Dhanyalakshmi , Phadke Shubha , Nampoothiri Sheela , Udupi Gautham Arunachal , Raghupathy Palany , Nair Mohandas , Geetha Thenral S , Bhat Meenakshi
Published: April 2022

Background

Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia (DMC) and Smith-McCort dysplasia (SMC types 1 and 2) are rare spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias with identical radiological findings. The presence of intellectual disability in DMC and normal intellect in SMC differentiates the two. DMC and SMC1 are allelic and caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants inDYM. SMC2 is caused by variations inRAB33B. BothDYMandRAB33Bare important in intravesicular transport and function in the Golgi apparatus.

Methods

Detailed clinical phenotyping and skeletal radiography followed by molecular testing were performed in all affected individuals. Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to confirmDYMandRAB33Bvariants. Sanger sequencing of familial variants was done in all parents.

Results

24 affected individuals from seven centres are described. 18 had DMC and 6 had SMC2. Parental consanguinity was present in 15 of 19 (79%). Height <3 SD and gait abnormalities were seen in 20 and 14 individuals, respectively. The characteristic radiological findings of lacy iliac crests and double-humped vertebral bodies were seen in 96% and 88% of the affected. Radiological findings became attenuated with age. 23 individuals harboured biallelic variants in eitherDYMorRAB33B. Fourteen different variants were identified, out of which 10 were novel. The most frequently occurring variants in this group were c.719 C>A (3), c.1488_1489del (2), c.1484dup (2) and c.1563+2T>C (2) in DYM and c.400C>T (2) and c.186del (2) inRAB33B. The majority of these have not been reported previously.

Conclusion

This large cohort from India contributes to the increasing knowledge of clinical and molecular findings in these rare ‘Golgipathies’.
Fast simulation of a high granularity calorimeter by generative adversarial networks
Authors: Khattak Gul Rukh , Vallecorsa Sofia , Carminati Federico , Khan Gul Muhammad
Published: April 2022

We present the 3DGAN for the simulation of a future high granularity calorimeter output as three-dimensional images. We prove the efficacy of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for generating scientific data while retaining a high level of accuracy for diverse metrics across a large range of input variables. We demonstrate a successful application of the transfer learning concept: we train the network to simulate showers for electrons from a reduced range of primary energies, we then train further for a five times larger range (the model could not train for the larger range directly). The same concept is extended to generate showers for other particles depositing most of their energies in electromagnetic interactions (photons and neutral pions). In addition, the generation of charged pion showers is also explored, a more accurate effort would require additional data from other detectors not included in the scope of the current work. Our further contribution is a demonstration of using GAN-generated data for a practical application. We train a third-party network using GAN-generated data and prove that the response is similar to a network trained with data from the Monte Carlo simulation. The showers generated by GAN present accuracy within $$10\%$$

10
%

of Monte Carlo for a diverse range of physics features, with three orders of magnitude speedup. The speedup for both the training and inference can be further enhanced by distributed training.
Dark energy and accelerating cosmological evolution from osculating Barthel–Kropina geometry
Authors: Hama Rattanasak , Harko Tiberiu , Sabau Sorin V.
Published: April 2022

Finsler geometry is an important extension of Riemann geometry, in which each point of the spacetime manifold is associated with an arbitrary internal variable. Two interesting Finsler geometries with many physical applications are the Randers and Kropina type geometries. A subclass of Finsler geometries is represented by the osculating Finsler spaces, in which the internal variable is a function of the base manifold coordinates only. In an osculating Finsler geometry, we introduce the Barthel connection, with the remarkable property that it is the Levi–Civita connection of a Riemannian metric. In the present work we consider the gravitational and cosmological implications of a Barthel–Kropina type geometry. We assume that in this geometry the Ricci type curvatures are related to the matter energy–momentum tensor by the standard Einstein equations. The generalized Friedmann equations in the Barthel–Kropina geometry are obtained by considering that the background Riemannian metric is of Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker type. The matter energy balance equation is also derived. The cosmological properties of the model are investigated in detail, and it is shown that the model admits a de Sitter type solution and that an effective dark energy component can also be generated. Several cosmological solutions are also obtained by numerically integrating the generalized Friedmann equations. A comparison of two specific classes of models with the observational data and with the standard $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model is also performed, and it is found that the Barthel–Kropina type models give a satisfactory description of the observations.
Shock waves in relativistic anisotropic hydrodynamics
Authors: Kovalenko Aleksandr , Leonidov Andrei
Published: April 2022

Shock wave solutions in anisotropic relativistic hydrodynamics are analysed. A new phenomenon of anisotropy-related angular deflection of the incident flow by the shock wave front is described. Patterns of velocity and momentum transformation by the shock wave front are described.
Complexity of periodic sequences of large-scale rotating machinery system coupled by multi-fault
Authors: Xu Lu , Chu Yan-Dong , Yang Qiong , Li Xian-Feng , Leung Andrew Y. T.
Published: April 2022

Taking the steam turbine cracked rotor system coupling multi-fault as an example, this paper reports systematic numerical experiments exploring two-parameter periodic complexification cascades. Specifically, we report high-resolution phase diagrams predicting and describing how the periodic sequences unfold over a quite extended range of parameter planes. Surprisingly, such diagrams reveal that the distribution of periodic sequences either agrees well with the characteristics of “eye” of chaos, or is characterized by the derived Farey sum tree and the bidirectional symmetrical Stern–Brocot sum tree. These cascades show that the frequent occurrence of transient multi-period motion is a generic feature for the large rotating machinery system with multi-fault. And the paper obtains a cluster of sequences of the Farey sum tree and the Stern–Brocot sum tree specially suitable for the large nonlinear and nonautonomous systems, which can provide a powerful reference for failure prediction and parameter matching.
Strain effects on the behavior of intrinsic point defects within the GaN/AlN interface
Authors: Yang Yuming , Zhang Xuemei , Liu Jun , Zhang Chuanguo , Li Yonggang , Zeng Zhi , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: April 2022

Defect behaviors in GaN-based compounds studied by using density functional theory have exhibited widely practical applications for optoelectronic devices. Ga is usually used to solubilize in AlN to release the lattice mismatch and the interface strain. In this study, we investigate the formation energies and diffusion barriers of intrinsic point defects within the GaN/AlN interface. The intrinsic defect with the lowest formation energy is positively charged N vacancy, and negatively charged Ga vacancy is the defect with second lower formation energy. Compared with the case in bulk GaN, the GaN/AlN interface promotes the generation of Ga vacancy and inhibits the generation of N vacancy. Meanwhile, the defect diffusion barrier of N vacancy within the GaN/AlN interface is higher than that in the bulk GaN. The hydrostatic compressive/ tensile strain significantly promotes the generation of these two vacancy defects, while biaxial tensile strain and the biaxial compressive strain slightly promote and inhibit the generation of these two vacancy defects, respectively. These interface and strain effects provide the significant information in understanding the electrical properties of GaN-based devices, especially under the extreme conditions. Our work therefore not only elucidates defect behaviors under different strains in GaN/AlN interface, but also paves the way for understanding and designing promising electronic devices with interface engineering.
Optimal Strategies for A Dual-Channel Farming Supply Chain with Horizontal Competition and Cooperation
Authors: Peng Hongjun , Sun Wenting , Pang Tao
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we consider a dual-channel farming supply chain with two farmers and one distributor, where agriculture products produced by farmers have different quality levels. Farmers sell high-quality products to supermarkets and normal-quality products to small retail markets, respectively. Three scenarios are investigated: decentralized selling through the distributor to supermarkets (the DD mode); centralized selling through the distributor to supermarkets (the CD mode); centralized selling directly to supermarkets (the CS mode). Under the CS mode, farmers need to bear some extra sale cost such as inventory and transportation cost. We derive farmers’ optimal strategies of production effort and quality investment. It turns out that as farming scale expands, farmers’ production effort decreases, while quality investment increases. Moreover, two farmers’ quality investments are the highest under the CS mode and the least under the DD mode. black Further analysis indicates that farmers’ total profits are generally the highest under the CS mode, but farmers obtain the highest profits under the CD mode if farmers’ extra sale cost under the CS mode exceeds a certain level. Therefore, to improve farmers’ welfare and agriculture products’ quality simultaneously, the CS mode may be the best choice in most cases, and it leads to a “win–win” situation for farmers and consumers.
Inflationary magnetogenesis with a self-consistent coupling function
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Le-Yao
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we discuss the inflationary magnetogenesis scenario, in which the coupling function is introduced to break the conformal invariance of electromagnetic action. Unlike in conventional models, we deduce the Maxwell’s equations under the perturbed Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric. We found that the self-consistency of the action depends on the form of the coupling function when the scalar mode perturbations have been considered. Therefore, this self-consistency can be seen as a restriction on the coupling function. In this paper, we give the restrictive equation for coupling function then obtain the specific form of the coupling function in a simple model. We found that the coupling function depends on the potential of the inflaton and thus is model-dependent. We obtain the power spectrum of electric field and magnetic field in large-field inflation model. We also found that the coupling function is an increasing function of time during slow-roll era as most of inflationary magnetogenesis models, it will lead to strong coupling problem. This issue is discussed qualitatively by introducing a correction function during the preheating.
Analysis of the bottom-charm baryon states with QCD sum rules
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang , Xin Qi
Published: April 2022

In this work, we explore the ground state mass spectrum of the bottom-charm baryon states in the framework of the QCD sum rules in a comprehensive way. In calculations, we distinguish the contributions of the positive-parity and negative-parity baryon states unambiguously, and investigate the energy scale dependence of the QCD sum rules in detail and observe that the acceptable energy scales are [Formula: see text], while the best energy scale is [Formula: see text]. The predictions can be confronted to the experimental data in the future and shed light on the QCD low energy dynamics.
Design of low-voltage low-power rail-to-rail operational amplifier
Authors: Ren Mingyuan , Qin Mengying , Dong Changchun , Zheng Guoxu , Cao Nan
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a low-voltage and low-voltage power rail-to-rail operational amplifier is designed based on the research progress of low-voltage and low-voltage power rail-to-rail operational amplifier. Based on the level shift technology, the problem of limited common mode input range caused by constant threshold voltage under low voltage is effectively solved. Based on the SMIC 0.18 [Formula: see text]m complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, the operational amplifier has a slew rate of 9.3 V/[Formula: see text]s and an establishment time of 0.41 [Formula: see text]s. The power consumption of the operational amplifier is 0.52 mW. The effective area of the layout is about [Formula: see text]m2.
Learning-Based Health Prediction Method for Airborne DME Receiver with Signal Processing Techniques in 6G Networks
Authors: Zhong Yuhao , Yang Guocheng , Xu Hua , Qin Xue , Chen Dajiang
Published: April 2022

Accurate aircraft positioning is the key to construct a reliable network topology when aircrafts are used to assist 6G cellular networks in ground communications. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) has been widely used in aircraft positioning with the help of multiple ground-based radar stations. In this paper, a learning-based health prediction method for airborne DME receiver is proposed by using signal processing techniques to achieve quantitative health status assessment and failure degradation trend prediction, when the DME is used to measure the distance between ground-based radar stations and airborne DME. First, a quantitative airborne DME device receiving channel health evaluation model is established, which takes the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) attenuation value and the collected distance between the ground beacon station and the airborne DME receiver with DME device as input, to calculate the receiving channel AGC attenuation value deviation and gain loss. The model can be used to build the mapping relationship between the receiver channel gain loss and the DME function range, and further establish the calculation model of the receiving channel’s health index. Second, a multi-model fusion fault prediction framework based on the Deep Belief Network (DBN) techniques is proposed. In this framework, the problem of insufficient generalization and robustness of the traditional DBN model is solved by introducing the Dropout mechanism into the DBN structure, and an improved weighted voting method is utilized as a model fusion algorithm to eliminate the deviation of prediction results caused by environmental load differences and improve the accuracy of fault prediction. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted to show the feasibility of the proposed method, and the results show that the proposed method has a good performance.
Design of a High Performance 1 Kb SRAM Array Using Proposed Soft Error Hardened 12T SRAM Cell
Authors: Manoj Kumar R. , Sridevi P. V.
Published: April 2022

The shrinking of technology node and supply voltage has a profound effect on various design metrics of the SRAM cell. Available SRAM designs in the literature suffer from half-select issue, increased write delay, leakage power, read power, and lower critical charge. Considering the above concerns, a new P12T SRAM cell was proposed incorporating the cross-point selection to remove half-select issue, adding the inverter between the storage nodes to enhance critical charge, High-[Formula: see text] transistors in read path to reduce the read power and leakage power. The critical charge of P12T SRAM cell is 9.13% and 15.21% higher than the 8T and 10T SRAM cells, respectively, at 0.9[Formula: see text]V [Formula: see text]. P12T SRAM cell has 41.61% and 21.4% decrease in read power than 8T and AS10T SRAM cells, respectively, at SS corner for 0.9[Formula: see text]V [Formula: see text]. In P12T SRAM cell, write 1 PDP at worst case corner SS is [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] lower than 8T, AS8T, AS10T, 10T, and 12T SRAM cells, respectively, at 0.9[Formula: see text]V [Formula: see text]. Monte Carlo simulation has been done to study variability and half-select issue. 1[Formula: see text]Kb bit interleaving SRAM array is designed using P12T SRAM cell and 12T SRAM cell. 1[Formula: see text]Kb SRAM array using P12T SRAM cell has superior write PDP than 12T SRAM cell. Postlayout simulation has been carried out on all the SRAM cells to estimate different metrics in 45[Formula: see text]nm technology using the Cadence Virtuoso.
Complexity-Reduced Parallel Time-Interleaved Delta–Sigma Modulator for Transmitter Applications
Authors: Majd Nasser Erfani , Fani Rezvan
Published: April 2022

High sampling frequency requirement in delta–sigma modulator (DSM) is one of the limiting factors toward its employment in high-frequency application, such as software-defined radio (SDR) transmitters. In this paper, a complexity-reduced parallel time-interleaved DSM is proposed to reduce the clock speed requirement of DSM transmitters. The complexity of the proposed parallel time-interleaved DSM is reduced by input delay blocks and input downsampler blocks in comparison to conventional time-interleaved DSMs. Simulation results show that the clock speed requirement of DSM transmitter is reduced four times by using the proposed four-branch complexity-reduced time-interleaved DSM, while signal quality is maintained.
Heuristic Analysis of Multiplierless Desensitized Half-Band Decimation Filter for Wireless Applications
Authors: Abinaya A. , Maheswari M.
Published: April 2022

This paper elucidates the half-band FIR filter, which plays an important role when applying decimation by a factor of two. When the down-conversion is applied in sampling rate, this digital filter is frequently employed in conjunction with down-samplers. Despite the fact that numerous approaches have been proposed for designing half-band FIR filters, this paper proposes an utterly unique method for designing and implementing multiplierless half-band FIR filters, which minimizes the coefficient sensitivity and also reduces hardware complexity of the conventional half-band FIR filter. The proposed desensitized and further desensitized multiplierless half-band FIR filters are analyzed with four high-speed parallel prefix adders in Xilinx Vivado development tool and built on Kintex 7 FPGA for exploring power consumption, number of LUTs and delay. The proposed half-band structure is compared with the classical half-band architecture with respect to power consumption, path delay and number of LUTs. Based on the attained results on Kintex 7 FPGA, the proposed low-sensitivity filter structure outperforms with a 41.09% reduction in the number of LUTs, a 11.91% reduction in delay and a 38.35% reduction in power consumption in contrast to the existing desensitized half-band filter. Subsequently, the proposed further desensitized filter provides a 4.87% reduction in stopband ripple than the desensitized structure and an 8.84% reduction than the existing half-band decimation filter.
Freeness of Schützenberger groups of primitive substitutions
Authors: Goulet-Ouellet Herman
Published: April 2022

Our main goal is to study the freeness of Schützenberger groups defined by primitive substitutions. Our findings include a simple freeness test for these groups, which is applied to exhibit a primitive invertible substitution with corresponding non-free Schützenberger group. This constitutes a counterexample to a result of Almeida dating back to 2005. We also give some early results concerning relative freeness of Schützenberger groups, a question which remains largely unexplored.
Global generalized solutions for a two-species chemotaxis system with tensor-valued sensitivity and logistic source
Authors: Wen Qiang , Liu Bin
Published: April 2022

This paper is devoted to investigating a two-species chemotaxis system with tensor-valued sensitivity and logistic source. It is mainly concerned with the global existence of generalized solutions. More precisely, when the logistic-type is weaker than the usual quadratic case, we prove, for any sufficiently smooth initial data, the associated no-flux/no-flux/no-flux problem possesses at least one globally defined solution in an appropriate generalized sense. In addition, we also underline that the similar results have been established for the corresponding system with constant sensitivity in a well-known result if the degradation is quadratic. Our results show that logistic source can rule out blow-up for such kind of models. On the other hand, due to the introduction of tensor value sensitivity, we neither need to impose any smallness assumption on the initial data here, nor require any restriction on the spatial dimension which generalizes and improves the partial of the result in the literature.
The minimum number of coloring of knots
Authors: Han Youfa , Zhou Boxin
Published: April 2022

This paper mainly studies the minimum number of colorings for all non-trivially 19-colored diagrams of any 19-colorable knot K. By using some special Reidemeister move, we successfully eliminated 13 colors from 19 colors. It can be seen that for any 19-colorable knot K, at least six colors are enough to color K, that is, the minimum number of 19-colorable knot is six.
Active Flutter Suppression of a Two-Dimensional Wing Using Linear Quadratic Gaussian Optimal Control
Authors: Darabseh T. T. , Tarabulsi A. M. , Mourad A.-H. I.
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to utilize the modern control theory in designing an active flutter suppression controller for a two-dimensional wing with a flap. In this study, the wing’s pitch–plunge linear aeroelastic response, in addition to the control flap motion, was modeled using Lagrange’s energy method, and Theodorsen’s classic unsteady aerodynamic theory. The derived mathematical model was represented in state-space so the modern control techniques can be implemented. The open-loop system was analyzed, and the flutter speed for a selected experimental-wing model was calculated. For model verification purposes, the open-loop simulation results were compared to an experimental study from the literature. Next, a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) compensator with integral action was designed and tuned using MATLAB®simulation environment to reach the best possible performance at a selected speed in the flutter region, where the results have proven excellent performance for this kind of controller in flutter suppression, as the stable flight region has successfully been extended by 29%.
Vibro-Acoustic Behavior of Rubber Filled Composite Sandwich Panel
Authors: Wang Xianzhong , Xia Yu , Yu Min , Zhang Hao
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the vibro-acoustic behavior of composite sandwich panels with different cellular sandwich cores. In these designs, two face sheets are made of carbon/ glass hybrid fiber bonded to the hexagonal honeycombs or chiral structure, and the filler is thermoplastic vulcanized rubber. Numerical simulation and model experiments are performed to obtain the vibration and sound radiation of composite sandwich panels with and without rubber. It is found that numerical results including vibration acceleration and sound pressure agree well with the corresponding experimental results. The analysis shows that the rubber filler is able to effectively reduce the vibro-acoustic response of composite sandwich panels. The effect of cellular sandwich core parameters on the vibration and sound radiation of composite sandwich panels is also discussed, which proves that the chiral structure can present superior dynamic properties.
Integral closures, primary hyperideals and hypervaluation hyperideals of Kranser hyperrings
Authors: Nikmehr M. J. , Nikandish R. , Yassine A.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the notions of integral closure of hyperrings and hyperideals in a Krasner hyperring [Formula: see text] are defined and some basics properties of them are studied. We define also the notion of hypervaluation hyperideals and then a relations between hypervaluations, integral closure of hyperideals and primary hyperideals are studied. In fact it is shown that the integral closure of a hyperideal is determined by the hypervaluation Krasner hyperrings.