bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic and educational factors played roles in the development of regional vision impairment in Shandong province, China
Authors: Han Lizhen , Jia Jinzhu , Wang Lu
Published: August 2021

We analyze regional factors and spatial distribution of children's vision impairment in Shandong province, to explore the spatial changes brought by time and their influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of childhood vision impairment. This study covers five complete cross-sectional surveys from 2013 to 2017, involving about 29.24 million students. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis methods were used to analyze spatial features. The associated factors were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. The vision impairment prevalence showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from 2013 to 2017, with slight changes. In terms of regional spatial differences, Weihai and Yantai have the highest VI rates in all years, and there was a large-scale spatial aggregation phenomenon. The southern low-value clusters, however, showed a trend of weakening from year to year. Further exploration revealed that economic factors and number of full-time teachers were verified as risk factors for regional vision impairment levels. The slight rebound of the prevalence of vision impairment and the high rate in the eastern and northern regions of Shandong province need more attention. It is suggested that relevant departments should focus on the influence of regional economic and educational factors when formulating relevant strategies.
Genome-wide comparative analyses of GATA transcription factors among seven Populus genomes
Authors: Kim Mangi , Xi Hong , Park Suhyeon , Yun Yunho , Park Jongsun
Published: August 2021

GATA transcription factors (TFs) are widespread eukaryotic regulators whose DNA-binding domain is a class IV zinc finger motif (CX2CX17–20CX2C) followed by a basic region. We identified 262 GATA genes (389 GATA TFs) from seven Populus genomes using the pipeline of GATA-TFDB. Alternative splicing forms of Populus GATA genes exhibit dynamics of GATA gene structures including partial or full loss of GATA domain and additional domains. Subfamily III of Populus GATA genes display lack CCT and/or TIFY domains. 21 Populus GATA gene clusters (PCs) were defined in the phylogenetic tree of GATA domains, suggesting the possibility of subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization. Expression analysis of Populus GATA genes identified the five PCs displaying tissue-specific expression, providing the clues of their biological functions. Amino acid patterns of Populus GATA motifs display well conserved manner of Populus GATA genes. The five Populus GATA genes were predicted as membrane-bound GATA TFs. Biased chromosomal distributions of GATA genes of three Populus species. Our comparative analysis approaches of the Populus GATA genes will be a cornerstone to understand various plant TF characteristics including evolutionary insights.
Rapid target validation in a Cas9-inducible hiPSC derived kidney model
Authors: Shamshirgaran Yasaman , Jonebring Anna , Svensson Anna , Leefa Isabelle , Bohlooly-Y Mohammad , Firth Mike , Woollard Kevin J. , Hofherr Alexis , Rogers Ian M. , Hicks Ryan
Published: August 2021

Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), genome editing technologies and 3D organoid model systems highlight opportunities to develop new in vitro human disease models to serve drug discovery programs. An ideal disease model would accurately recapitulate the relevant disease phenotype and provide a scalable platform for drug and genetic screening studies. Kidney organoids offer a high cellular complexity that may provide greater insights than conventional single-cell type cell culture models. However, genetic manipulation of the kidney organoids requires prior generation of genetically modified clonal lines, which is a time and labor consuming procedure. Here, we present a methodology for direct differentiation of the CRISPR-targeted cell pools, using a doxycycline-inducible Cas9 expressing hiPSC line for high efficiency editing to eliminate the laborious clonal line generation steps. We demonstrate the versatile use of genetically engineered kidney organoids by targeting the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) genes: PKD1 and PKD2. Direct differentiation of the respective knockout pool populations into kidney organoids resulted in the formation of cyst-like structures in the tubular compartment. Our findings demonstrated that we can achieve > 80% editing efficiency in the iPSC pool population which resulted in a reliable 3D organoid model of ADPKD. The described methodology may provide a platform for rapid target validation in the context of disease modeling.
Perchlorate salts confer psychrophilic characteristics in α-chymotrypsin
Authors: Gault Stewart , Jaworek Michel W. , Winter Roland , Cockell Charles S.
Published: August 2021

Studies of salt effects on enzyme activity have typically been conducted at standard temperatures and pressures, thus missing effects which only become apparent under non-standard conditions. Here we show that perchlorate salts, which are found pervasively on Mars, increase the activity of α-chymotrypsin at low temperatures. The low temperature activation is facilitated by a reduced enthalpy of activation owing to the destabilising effects of perchlorate salts. By destabilising α-chymotrypsin, the perchlorate salts also cause an increasingly negative entropy of activation, which drives the reduction of enzyme activity at higher temperatures. We have also shown that α-chymotrypsin activity appears to exhibit an altered pressure response at low temperatures while also maintaining stability at high pressures and sub-zero temperatures. As the effects of perchlorate salts on the thermodynamics of α-chymotrypsin’s activity closely resemble those of psychrophilic adaptations, it suggests that the presence of chaotropic molecules may be beneficial to life operating in low temperature environments.
Long-term outcomes of “open iridectomy” for secondary anterior chamber epithelial iris cysts
Authors: Lan Jie , Liu Ting , Huang Yusen , Pan Xiaojing , Wei Yufen , Xie Pingzhong , Kong Qianqian , Guo Xiang , Xie Lixin
Published: August 2021

Epithelial cysts run a high risk of recurrence and conversion to sheet-like ingrowth after surgical intervention. In this retrospective study, we introduced a modified iridectomy for treatment of secondary epithelial iris cysts (EICs) in the anterior chamber. Twenty-nine patients (29 eyes) aged 2–61 years received “open iridectomy” for EICs between April 1995 and July 2019. After viscodissection, most of the cyst wall was cut using a 20-gauge aspiration cutter via a 2.5-mm clear corneal incision. The residue closely adhering to the iris stroma was remained to avoid photophobia and diplopia. At 3 months, best corrected visual acuity was ≥ 20/100 in 55.5% (15/27, except two pediatric patients with poor cooperation) of patients. Among the eight patients suffering partial corneal edema preoperatively, six patients received surgery treatment at 3–6.5 months, and the cornea in the other two patients became transparent after medication. In a mean follow-up of 47.4 months, recurrence occurred in 3 patients at 7, 37, and 118 months, respectively. The percentage of treatment success was 96%, 87%, and 65% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. “Open iridectomy” was effective for EICs, with a minimal invasion, less damage to the corneal endothelium, and a low recurrence rate.
Paleotemperature record of the Middle Devonian Kačák Episode
Authors: Suttner Thomas J. , Kido Erika , Joachimski Michael M. , Vodrážková Stanislava , Pondrelli Monica , Corradini Carlo , Corriga Maria G. , Simonetto Luca , Kubajko Michal
Published: August 2021

The Middle Devonian Epoch, ~ 393–383 million years ago, is known for a peak in diversity and highest latitudinal distribution of coral and stromatoporoid reefs. About 388 million years ago, during the late Eifelian and earliest Givetian, climax conditions were interrupted by the polyphased Kačák Episode, a short-lived period of marine dys-/anoxia associated with climate warming that lasted less than 500 kyr. Reconstruction of the seawater temperature contributes to a better understanding of the climate conditions marine biota were exposed to during the event interval. To date, conodont apatite-based paleotemperatures across the Eifelian–Givetian boundary interval have been published from Belarus, France, Germany and North America (10–36° S paleolatitude). Here we provide new δ18Oapatite data from the Carnic Alps (Austria, Italy) and the Prague Synform (Czech Republic). For better approximation of the paleotemperature record across the Kačák Episode, a latitude-dependent correction for Middle Devonian seawater δ18O is applied. Because δ18Oapatite data from shallow marine sections are influenced by regional salinity variations, calculated mean sea surface temperatures (SST) are restricted to more open marine settings (22–34° S paleolatitude). Water temperatures reach ~ 34 °C in the Prague Synform and ~ 33 °C in the Carnic Alps and suggest that SSTs of the southern hemisphere low latitudes were ~ 6 °C higher than previously assumed for this time interval.
COVID-related psychological distress fully mediates the association from social impact to sleep disturbance among patients with chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Li Dian-Jeng , Chou Li-Shiu , Chou Frank Huang-Chih , Hsu Su-Ting , Hsieh Kuan-Ying , Wu Hui-Ching , Kao Wei-Tsung , Lin Guei-Ging , Chen Wei-Jen , Huang Joh-Jong
Published: August 2021

The aims of the current study were to identify factors associated with sleep disturbance and Coronavirus disease-19 related psychological distress (CPD), and to develop a conceptual model to verify the mediating effect of CPD on the association between social impact and sleep disturbance. This study recruited patients with schizophrenia. Factors associated with the level of sleep disturbance and CPD were identified using univariate linear regression, and further selected into a stepwise multivariate linear regression model. Using structural equation modeling, a mediation model was developed to test the mediating effect of CPD on the association between social impact and sleep disturbance. After estimating with the stepwise and bootstrap regression, higher levels of CPD were associated with higher levels of social anxiety and subjects without a regular diet. Sleep disturbance was associated with a higher level of social anxiety, a history of psychological trauma, chronic disease, and those who did not smoke. The final model confirmed the mediating effects of CPD; whereas, the direct effect from social impact to sleep disturbance did not reach statistical significance. The current study manifests the crucial role of CPD on the association between social impact and sleep disturbance, and timely intervention for CPD is warranted.
Global potential distribution prediction of Xanthium italicum based on Maxent model
Authors: Zhang Yang , Tang Jieshi , Ren Gang , Zhao Kaixin , Wang Xianfang
Published: August 2021

Alien invasive plants pose a threat to global biodiversity and the cost of control continues to rise. Early detection and prediction of potential risk areas are essential to minimize ecological and socio-economic costs. In this study, the Maxent model was used to predict current and future climatic conditions to estimate the potential global distribution of the invasive plantXanthium italicum. The model consists of 366 occurrence records (10 repeats, 75% for calibration and 25% for verification) and 10 climate prediction variables. According to the model forecast, the distribution ofX. italicumwas expected to shrink in future climate scenarios with human intervention, which may be mainly caused by the rise in global average annual temperature. The ROC curve showed that the AUC values of the training set and the test set are 0.965 and 0.906, respectively, indicating that the prediction result of this model was excellent. The contribution rates of annual mean temperature, monthly mean diurnal temperature range, standard deviation of temperature seasonal change and annual average precipitation to the geographical distribution ofX. italicumwere 65.3%, 11.2%, 9.0%, and 7.7%, respectively, and the total contribution rate was 93.2%. These four variables are the dominant environmental factors affecting the potential distribution ofX. italicum, and the influence of temperature is greater than that of precipitation. Through our study on the potential distribution prediction ofX. italicumunder the future climatic conditions, it has contribution for all countries to strengthen its monitoring, prevention and control, including early warning.
Impact of land use/land cover changes on water quality and human health in district Peshawar Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Waqas , Iqbal Javed , Nasir Muhammad Jamal , Ahmad Burhan , Khan Muhammad Tasleem , Khan Shahid Nawaz , Adnan Syed
Published: August 2021

The quality and quantity of groundwater resources are affected by landuse/landcover (LULC) dynamics, particularly the increasing urbanization coupled with high household wastewater discharge and decreasing open lands. This study evaluates temporal changes of groundwater quality for 2012 and 2019, its relation to Landuse/landcover, and its impact on Peshawar's residents (study area), Pakistan. A total of 105 and 112 groundwater samples were collected from tube wells in 2012 and 2019. Samples were then analyzed for seven standard water quality parameters (i.e., pH, electric conductivity (EC), turbidity, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and nitrate). Patient data for waterborne diseases were also collected for the years 2012 and 2019 to relate the impact of groundwater quality on human health. Landsat satellite images were classified for the years 2012 and 2019 to observe landuse/landcover dynamics concerning groundwater quality. Results manifested a decrease in groundwater quality for the year 2019 compared to 2012 and were more highlighted in highly populated areas. The nitrate concentration level was found high in the vicinity of agricultural areas due to the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers and pesticides, and thus the methemoglobinemia patients ratio increased by 14% (48–62% for the year 2012 and 2019, respectively). Besides, Urinary Tract Infections, Peptic Ulcer, and Dental Caries diseases increased due to the high calcium and magnesium concentration. The overall results indicate that anthropogenic activities were the main driver of Spatio-temporal variability in groundwater quality of the study area. The study could help district health administration understand groundwater quality trends, make appropriate site-specific policies, and formulate future health regulations.
Circulating syndecan-1 is reduced in pregnancies with poor fetal growth and its secretion regulated by matrix metalloproteinases and the mitochondria
Authors: Garcha Damanpreet , Walker Susan P. , MacDonald Teresa M. , Hyett Jon , Jellins Jessica , Myers Jenny , Illanes Sebastian E. , Nien Jhy K. , Schepeler Manuel , Keenan Emerson , Whigham Carole-Anne , Cannon Ping , Murray Elizabeth , Nguyen Tuong-Vi , Kandel Manju , Masci Joshua , Murphy Ciara , Cruickshank Tess , Pritchard Natasha , Hannan Natalie J. , Brownfoot Fiona , Roddy Mitchell Alexandra , Middleton Anna , Pell Gabrielle , Wong Georgia P. , Tong Stephen , Kaitu’u-Lino Tu’uhevaha J.
Published: August 2021

Fetal growth restriction is a leading cause of stillbirth that often remains undetected during pregnancy. Identifying novel biomarkers may improve detection of pregnancies at risk. This study aimed to assess syndecan-1 as a biomarker for small for gestational age (SGA) or fetal growth restricted (FGR) pregnancies and determine its molecular regulation. Circulating maternal syndecan-1 was measured in several cohorts; a large prospective cohort collected around 36 weeks’ gestation (n = 1206), a case control study from the Manchester Antenatal Vascular service (285 women sampled at 24–34 weeks’ gestation); two prospective cohorts collected on the day of delivery (36 + 3–41 + 3 weeks’ gestation, n = 562 and n = 405 respectively) and a cohort who delivered for preterm FGR (< 34 weeks). Circulating syndecan-1 was consistently reduced in women destined to deliver growth restricted infants and those delivering for preterm disease. Syndecan-1 secretion was reduced by hypoxia, and its loss impaired proliferation. Matrix metalloproteinases and mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors significantly reduced syndecan-1 secretion, an effect that was rescued by coadministration of succinate, a mitochondrial electron transport chain activator. In conclusion, circulating syndecan-1 is reduced among cases of term and preterm growth restriction and has potential for inclusion in multi-marker algorithms to improve detection of poorly grown fetuses.
Cell survival and DNA damage repair are promoted in the human blood thanatotranscriptome shortly after death
Authors: Antiga Laura G. , Sibbens Lode , Abakkouy Yasmina , Decorte Ronny , Van Den Bogaert Wouter , Van de Voorde Wim , Bekaert Bram
Published: August 2021

RNA analysis of post-mortem tissues, or thanatotranscriptomics, has become a topic of interest in forensic science due to the essential information it can provide in forensic investigations. Several studies have previously investigated the effect of death on gene transcription, but it has never been conducted with samples of the same individual. For the first time, a longitudinal mRNA expression analysis study was performed with post-mortem human blood samples from individuals with a known time of death. The results reveal that, after death, two clearly differentiated groups of up- and down-regulated genes can be detected. Pathway analysis suggests active processes that promote cell survival and DNA damage repair, rather than passive degradation, are the source of early post-mortem changes of gene expression in blood. In addition, a generalized linear model with an elastic net restriction predicted post-mortem interval with a root mean square error of 4.75 h. In conclusion, we demonstrate that post-mortem gene expression data can be used as biomarkers to estimate the post-mortem interval though further validation using independent sample sets is required before use in forensic casework.
Indoor and outdoor noise changes due to the COVID-19 lockdown and their effects on individuals’ expectations and preferences
Authors: Caniato Marco , Bettarello Federica , Gasparella Andrea
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly modified our urban territories. One of the most strongly affected parameters was outdoor noise, caused by traffic and human activity in general, all of which were forced to stop during the spring of 2020. This caused an indubitable noise reduction both inside and outside the home. This study investigates how people reacted to this new unexpected, unwanted and unpredictable situation. Using field measurements, it was possible to demonstrate how the outdoor sound pressure level clearly decreased. Furthermore, by means of an international survey, it was discovered that people had positive reaction to the lower noise level. This preference was generally not related to home typology or location in the city, but rather to a generalized wish to live in a quieter urban environment.
Urine metabolic phenotyping in children with nocturnal enuresis and comorbid neurobehavioral disorders
Authors: Yu Mei-Ching , Wang Ta-Min , Chiou Yee-Hsuan , Yu Meng-Kung , Lin Chiao-Fan , Chiu Chih-Yung
Published: August 2021

Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common problem among 10% school-aged children. The etiologies underlying childhood NE is complex and not fully understood nowadays. Nevertheless, increasing evidence suggests a potential link between neurobehavioral disorders and enuresis in children. In this study, we aimed to explore novel metabolomic insights into the pathophysiology of NE and also, its association with pediatric psychiatric problems. Urine collected from 41 bedwetting children and 27 healthy control children was analyzed by using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy from August 2017 to December 2018. At regular follow-up, there were 14 children with refractory NE having a diagnosis of attention deficient hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or anxiety. Eventually, we identified eight significantly differential urinary metabolites and particularly increased urinary excretion of betaine, creatine and guanidinoacetate linked to glycine, serine and threonine metabolism were associated with a comorbidity of neurobehavioral disorders in refractory bedwetting children. Notably, based on physiological functions of betaine acting as a renal osmolyte and methyl group donor, we speculated its potential role in modulation of renal and/or central circadian clock systems, becoming a useful urinary metabolic marker in diagnosis of treatment-resistant NE in children affected by these two disorders.
Safety and humoral responses to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 previously infected and naive populations
Authors: Efrati Shai , Catalogna Merav , Abu Hamad Ramzia , Hadanny Amir , Bar-Chaim Adina , Benveniste-Levkovitz Patricia , Levtzion-korach Osnat
Published: August 2021

Since COVID-19 risk of reinfection is of great concern, the safety and efficacy of the mRNA-based vaccines in previously infected populations should be assessed. We studied 78 individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-19, who received a single dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, and 1:2 ratio matched infection-naïve cohort who received two injections. The evaluation procedure included symptom monitoring, and serological tests. Among the post-infected population, the median IgG-S response after the first vaccine dose was 3.35 AU, compared to 2.38 AU after the second vaccine injection in the infection naive group. A strong correlation was demonstrated between IgG-S level before vaccination, and the corresponding responses after a single vaccine dose (r = 0.8, p < 0.001) in the post infected population. Short-term severe symptoms that required medical attention were found in 6.8% among the post-infected individuals, while none were found in the infection naïve population. Our data suggest that a single vaccine dose is sufficient to induce an intense immune response in post-infected population regardless of seropositivity. Although some short-term safety issues were observed compared to the infection naïve population, a single dose regimen can be considered safe in post-infected populations.
Prevalence characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women receiving physical examinations in the Shangcheng District, Hangzhou city, China
Authors: Wang Lu , Yu Chunfeng , Ni Xiaoling , Wang Fang , Wen Caihe , Jin Mei , Chen Juanjuan , Zhang Kunming , Wang Jiahao
Published: August 2021

This paper aimed to investigate the characteristics of female HPV infection in the Shangcheng District, Hangzhou city, China. The retrospective study was designed to analyze the HPV prevalence rate of 22,382 women receiving physical examinations from 2016 to 2020 in the Shangcheng District of Hangzhou city in China. A commercial kit was designed to detect the HPV genotypes. Trends were examined for age-specific groups (≤ 30 years, 31–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years,  ≥ 65 years). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the correlation of age classification in high risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection. 22.41% (5015/22,382) of samples were HPV positive, 91.28% (4578/5015) of HPV positive women were infected by HR-HPV. The most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes were 16, 52, 18, 58, 56, and 51. The trend of HPV prevalence showed the significant differences in age-specific groups (χ2 = 164.70, P < 0.001). Moreover, the areas under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.712 in 55–64 years group which showed a strong contribution of age classification for HR-HPV infection. This study provided baseline data on the prevalence characteristics of HPV infection and the critical age group of HR-HPV prevalence rate was 55–64 y among the samples receiving physical examinations.
Delayed neutralizing antibody response in the acute phase correlates with severe progression of COVID-19
Authors: Kawasuji Hitoshi , Morinaga Yoshitomo , Tani Hideki , Kimura Miyuki , Yamada Hiroshi , Yoshida Yoshihiro , Takegoshi Yusuke , Kaneda Makito , Murai Yushi , Kimoto Kou , Ueno Akitoshi , Miyajima Yuki , Kawago Koyomi , Fukui Yasutaka , Sakamaki Ippei , Yamamoto Yoshihiro
Published: August 2021

Adaptive immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dynamics remain largely unknown. The neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are helpful for understanding the pathology. Using SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus, serum sample neutralization values in symptomatic COVID-19 patients were measured using the chemiluminescence reduction neutralization test (CRNT). At least two sequential serum samples collected during hospitalization were analyzed to assess NAbs neutralizing activity dynamics at different time points. Of the 11 patients, four (36.4%), six (54.5%), and one (9.1%) had moderate, severe, and critical disease, respectively. Fifty percent neutralization (N50%-CRNT) was observed upon admission in 90.9% (10/11); all patients acquired neutralizing activity 2–12 days after onset. In patients with moderate disease, neutralization was observed at earliest within two days after symptom onset. In patients with severe-to-critical disease, neutralization activity increased, plateauing 9–16 days after onset. Neutralization activity on admission was significantly higher in patients with moderate disease than in patients with severe-to-critical disease (relative % of infectivity, 6.4% vs. 41.1%; P = .011). Neutralization activity on admission inversely correlated with disease severity. The rapid NAb response may play a crucial role in preventing the progression of COVID-19.
Fabrication of attapulgite/magnetic aminated chitosan composite as efficient and reusable adsorbent for Cr (VI) ions
Authors: Eltaweil Abdelazeem S. , El-Monaem Eman M. Abd , Mohy-Eldin Mohamed S. , Omer Ahmed M.
Published: August 2021

An efficient composite was constructed based on aminated chitosan (NH2Cs), attapulgite (ATP) clay and magnetic Fe3O4 for adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) ions. The as-fabricated ATP@Fe3O4-NH2Cs composite was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Zeta potential (ZP), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). A significant improve in the adsorption profile was established at pH 2 in the order of ATP@Fe3O4-NH2Cs(1:3) > ATP@Fe3O4-NH2Cs(1:1) > ATP@Fe3O4-NH2Cs(3:1) > Fe3O4-NH2Cs > ATP. The maximum removal (%) of Cr(VI) exceeded 94% within a short equilibrium time of 60 min. The adsorption process obeyed the pseudo 2nd order and followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 294.12 mg/g. In addition, thermodynamics studies elucidated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, randomness and endothermic process. Interestingly, the developed adsorbent retained respectable adsorption properties with acceptable removal efficiency exceeded 58% after ten sequential cycles of reuse. Besides, the results hypothesize that the adsorption process occurs via electrostatic interactions, reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and ion-exchanging. These findings substantiate that the ATP@Fe3O4-NH2Cs composite could be effectively applied as a reusable adsorbent for removing of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions.
Research on the stability evaluation method of anchored slopes based on group decision making and matter element analysis
Authors: Xia Peng , Ying Chunye
Published: August 2021

This research is focused on the evaluation method of anchored slope stability, and an accurate evaluation method with a simple operation is proposed. Group decision theory and the analytic hierarchy process are used to determine the weight of each evaluation element, the correlation degree of each indicator is determined based on matter element analysis theory, and inverse hierarchical calculations are performed based on the obtained weight value and correlation degree to finally obtain the criteria layer correlation degree used for stability evaluation. The results show the following: (1) the evaluation method better integrates the effects of multiple factors on the stability of the anchored slope, and the evaluation results are accurate and consistent with the actual situation of the project; (2) the evaluation method can make full use of the experience of the expert group and effectively avoid the evaluation error caused by the subjective deviation of a single expert; (3) the group decision theory-entropy model was introduced to realize the quantitative evaluation of the reliability of expert scoring and effectively improve the efficiency of expert discussion; and (4) the evaluation result is intuitive, and the correlation degree obtained can not only reflect the stability grade of the anchored slope but also reflect the "distance" between the anchored slope and other stability grades.
Multivariable modelling of factors associated with criminal convictions among people experiencing homelessness and serious mental illness: a multi-year study
Authors: Parpouchi Milad , Moniruzzaman Akm , Buxton Jane A. , Somers Julian M.
Published: August 2021

People experiencing homelessness and serious mental illness exhibit high rates of criminal justice system involvement. Researchers have debated the causes of such involvement among people experiencing serious mental illness, including what services to prioritize. Some, for example, have emphasized mental illness while others have emphasized poverty. We examined factors associated with criminal convictions among people experiencing homelessness and serious mental illness recruited to the Vancouver At Home study. Participants were recruited between October 2009 and June 2011. Comprehensive administrative data were examined over the five-year period preceding study baseline to identify risk and protective factors associated with criminal convictions among participants (n = 425). Eight variables were independently associated with criminal convictions, some of which included drug dependence (RR = 1.53; P = 0.009), psychiatric hospitalization (RR = 1.44; P = 0.030), an irregular frequency of social assistance payments (compared to regular payments; 1.75; P < 0.001), and prior conviction (RR = 3.56; P < 0.001). Collectively, findings of the present study implicate poverty, social marginalization, crises involving mental illness, and the need for long-term recovery-oriented services that address these conditions to reduce criminal convictions among people experiencing homelessness and serious mental illness.
Nonideal resistive and synaptic characteristics in Ag/ZnO/TiN device for neuromorphic system
Authors: Park Jongmin , Ryu Hojeong , Kim Sungjun
Published: August 2021

Ideal resistive switching in resistive random-access memory (RRAM) should be ensured for synaptic devices in neuromorphic systems. We used an Ag/ZnO/TiN RRAM structure to investigate the effects of nonideal resistive switching, such as an unstable high-resistance state (HRS), negative set (N-set), and temporal disconnection, during the set process and the conductance saturation feature for synaptic applications. The device shows an I–V curve based on the positive set in the bipolar resistive switching mode. In 1000 endurance tests, we investigated the changes in the HRS, which displays large fluctuations compared with the stable low-resistance state, and the negative effect on the performance of the device resulting from such an instability. The impact of the N-set, which originates from the negative voltage on the top electrode, was studied through the process of intentional N-set through the repetition of 10 ON/OFF cycles. The Ag/ZnO/TiN device showed saturation characteristics in conductance modulation according to the magnitude of the applied pulse. Therefore, potentiation or depression was performed via consecutive pulses with diverse amplitudes. We also studied the spontaneous conductance decay in the saturation feature required to emulate short-term plasticity.
Possible correlation between increased serum free carnitine levels and increased skeletal muscle mass following HCV eradication by direct acting antivirals
Authors: Tokuchi Yoshimasa , Suda Goki , Kimura Megumi , Maehara Osamu , Kitagataya Takashi , Kubo Akinori , Yoshida Sonoe , Fu Qingjie , Yang Zijian , Hosoda Shunichi , Ohara Masatsugu , Yamada Ren , Suzuki Kazuharu , Kawagishi Naoki , Nakai Masato , Sho Takuya , Natsuizaka Mitsuteru , Morikawa Kenichi , Ogawa Koji , Ohnishi Shunsuke , Sakamoto Naoya
Published: August 2021

We aimed to evaluate factors associated with changes in skeletal muscle mass in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Consecutive HCV-infected patients after treatment with DAA were recruited into the study. Patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR); and had complete clinical information, preserved serum samples at baseline and SVR48, and skeletal muscle mass evaluations based on the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) on computed tomography at baseline and ≥ 12 months were included. Altogether, 70.7% of patients (41/58) showed increased PMI after DAA therapy, and mean relative PMI was significantly higher after DAA therapy than at baseline. There were no significant associations between baseline clinical factors routinely examined in clinical practice and increased PMI. Among factors reported to be associated with skeletal muscle loss in patients with chronic liver disease, serum zinc levels and total and free carnitine levels increased significantly after DAA therapy and only changes in serum free carnitine levels were significantly associated with an increased PMI (r = 0305, P = 0.020). In conclusion, increased skeletal muscle mass after successful HCV eradication by DAAs was significantly associated with increased serum-free carnitine levels. l-carnitine supplementation may be beneficial in patients with low skeletal muscle mass after DAA.
Continuous and automated slug flow nanoextraction for rapid partition coefficient measurement
Authors: Payne Emory M. , Wells Shane S. , Kennedy Robert T.
Published: August 2021

We report a system for log Kow value determination using an autosampler coupled to a microfluidic device with UV detection.
Quantitative detection of crystal violet using a surface-enhanced Raman scattering based on a flower-like HAp/Ag nanocomposite
Authors: Lin Yamin , Zheng Mengmeng , Zhao Xin , Liu Dan , Gao Jiamin , Gong Wei , Xie Shusen , Gao Siqi , Yu Yun , Lin Juqiang
Published: August 2021

We proposed a simple one-pot sol-thermal strategy to prepare highly sensitive and reproducible SERS substrate, building a convenient SERS platform to detect pollutants in wastewater.
Design and evaluation of IKK-activated GSK3β inhibitory peptide as an inflammation-responsive anti-colitic therapeutic
Authors: Hong Sungchae , Ju Sanghyun , Yoo Jin-Wook , Ha Nam-Chul , Jung Yunjin
Published: August 2021

Colon-targeted cell-permeable IKK-activated GSK3β inhibitory peptide (CTP-IAGIP in a colon-targeted capsule) is an inflammation-responsive anti-colitic therapeutics.
Reductive coupling of CO with magnesium anthracene complexes: formation of magnesium enediolates
Authors: Yuvaraj K. , Jones Cameron
Published: August 2021

The carbonylation of magnesium anthracene complexes under ambient conditions, and in the absence of catalysts, leads to the reductive coupling of CO, and the formation of unusual magnesium enediolate complexes (see picture, Ar = bulky aryl).
Mechanistic insight into the roles of anions and cations in the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) catalyzed by ionic liquids
Authors: Ju Zhaoyang , Zhou Lei , Lu Xingmei , Li Yao , Yao Xiaoqian , Cheng Shenyu , Chen Gangwei , Ge Chengsheng
Published: August 2021

The effects of anions and cations in ILs on the degradation of PET have been studied, and a mechanism has been proposed using DFT calculations and experiments.
Vacancy-triggered and dopant-assisted NO electrocatalytic reduction over MoS2
Authors: Tursun Mamutjan , Wu Chao
Published: August 2021

Vacancies and transition metal dopants in TMDs can electrocatalytically convert NO to harmless or useful products.
Photoelectron photofragment coincidence spectroscopy of aromatic carboxylates: benzoate and p-coumarate
Authors: Gibbard J. A. , Castracane E. , Krylov A. I. , Continetti R. E.
Published: August 2021

Photoelectron–photofragment coincidence spectroscopy is used to investigate the photodetachment and decarboxylation of benzoate and p-coumarate via dissociative photodetachment and photodissociation.
Ultrafast vibrational wave packet dynamics of the aqueous tyrosyl radical anion induced by photodetachment
Authors: Bin Mohd Yusof Muhammad Shafiq , Lim Yong Liang , Loh Zhi-Heng
Published: August 2021

Ultrafast vibrational wave packet dynamics of the tyrosyl radical anion provide insight into sub-picosecond structural rearrangements induced by ionizing radiation.
Recent developments in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides: phase transition and applications of the (quasi-)metallic phases
Authors: Yin Xinmao , Tang Chi Sin , Zheng Yue , Gao Jing , Wu Jing , Zhang Hua , Chhowalla Manish , Chen Wei , Wee Andrew T. S.
Published: August 2021

This review outlines the semiconducting-(quasi)metallic phase transition of 2D-TMDs and discusses current developments in the application of this unique phase. Challenges and future developmental trends of TMD-based systems are also highlighted.
Review and comparison of layer transfer methods for two-dimensional materials for emerging applications
Authors: Schranghamer Thomas F. , Sharma Madan , Singh Rajendra , Das Saptarshi
Published: August 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer immense potential for scientific breakthroughs and technological innovations.
Evanescent wave interactions with nanoparticles on optical fiber modulate side emission of germicidal ultraviolet light
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Lanzarini-Lopes Mariana , Westerhoff Emma , Long Xiangxing , Rho Hojung , Bi Yuqiang , Ling Li , Westerhoff Paul
Published: August 2021

Silica nanoparticle coating on quartz optical fiber facilitates side-emission of germicidal ultraviolet light (UV-C), which shows promise for disinfection of contaminated air, water, and surfaces.
Emerging investigator series: chemical transformation of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles in simulated human tear fluids: influence of biocoronae
Authors: Li Lingxiangyu , Khan Ashfeen Ubaid , Zhang Xiang , Qian Xiaoting , Wang Yawei
Published: August 2021

The chemical stability of Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs in simulated tear fluid was highly affected by proteins, which would further influence their antibacterial efficacies.
A review on the bioavailability, bio-efficacies and novel delivery systems for piperine
Authors: Zhang Weiyun , Zheng Qianwang , Song Mingyue , Xiao Jie , Cao Yong , Huang Qingrong , Ho Chi-Tang , Lu Muwen
Published: August 2021

The bioavailability, bio-efficacies and novel delivery systems for piperine were reviewed.
Assessment of the environmental sustainability of solvent-less fatty acid ketonization to bio-based ketones for wax emulsion applications
Authors: Boekaerts Bert , Vandeputte Margot , Navaré Kranti , Van Aelst Joost , Van Acker Karel , Cocquyt Jan , Van Caneyt Chris , Van Puyvelde Peter , Sels Bert F.
Published: August 2021

Ketonization of fatty acids with TiO2 catalyst as a valorisation strategy to produce bio-based ketones for hydrophobization wax applications.
The vascular niche in next generation microphysiological systems
Authors: Ewald Makena L. , Chen Yu-Hsi , Lee Abraham P. , Hughes Christopher C. W.
Published: August 2021

To successfully generate vascularized microphysiological systems, researchers must balance several engineering strategies to generate organotypic phenotypes including endothelial cell sourcing, extracellular matrix components and shear control.
Self-assembly of colloidal particles into amorphous photonic crystals
Authors: Hu‡ Yang , Zhang‡ Yuqi , Yang Dongpeng , Ma Dekun , Huang Shaoming
Published: August 2021

This review focuses on the introduction, fabrication, and applications of amorphous photonic crystals.
Modulating β-arrestin 2 recruitment at the δ- and μ-opioid receptors using peptidomimetic ligands
Authors: Sharma Krishna K. , Cassell Robert J. , Meqbil Yazan J. , Su Hongyu , Blaine Arryn T. , Cummins Benjamin R. , Mores Kendall L. , Johnson David K. , van Rijn Richard M. , Altman Ryan A.
Published: August 2021

C-Terminal modification of Leu-enkephalin analogs reduces β-arrestin signaling at the μ- and δ-opioid receptors. Such modifications will enable evaluation of novel signaling profiles for chronic pain management.
Harnessing selectivity in chemical sensing via supramolecular interactions: from functionalization of nanomaterials to device applications
Authors: Furlan de Oliveira Rafael , Montes-García Verónica , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo
Published: August 2021

We review the design and fabrication of selective chemical sensors based on low-dimensional materials functionalized with (supra)molecular receptors, from the choice of the analyte of interest to its final device integration.
Silver-catalyzed tandem 5- and 6-endo-cyclizationsviaconcomitant yne-ol-imine activation: selective entry to 2-aryldihydrofuroquinolines
Authors: Karmakar Swastik , Das Prasanta , Kundu Sandip
Published: August 2021

Ag(i)-catalyzed domino imination-intramolecular bi-heterocyclization-aromatization cascade has been developed to construct 2-aryldihydrofuroquinolines from aldehyde and unprotected 4-(2-aminophenyl)but-3-yn-1-olviatandem 5-endo-digand 6-endo-trigcyclization.
Oleophobic composite films based on multi-layer graphitic scaffolding
Authors: McLaren Rachel L. , da Costa Rosenildo C. , Laycock Christian J. , Morgan David J. , Warwick Michael E. A. , Owen Gareth R.
Published: August 2021

Free-standing films based on a plasma-exfoliated multi-layer graphitic material composite comprising polyelectrolyte and fluorosurfactant. Such materials show oleophobic/hydrophilic properties and application within oil–water separations.
Unexpected spontaneous dynamic oxygen migration on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhu Guangdong , Huang Zhijing , Zhao Liang , Tu Yusong
Published: August 2021

We reveal an unexpected spontaneously dynamic oxygen migration on carbon nanotubes, which is attributed to low reaction barriers for the C-O bond breaking/reforming reactions or the proton transfer between the neighboring epoxy and hydroxyl groups.
Fe3O4 nanoplates anchored on Ti3C2Tx MXene with enhanced pseudocapacitive and electrocatalytic properties
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wang Zhuo , Chen Wenxiao , Yuan Ruiwen , Zhan Ke , Zhu Min , Yang Junhe , Zhao Bin
Published: August 2021

Fe3O4 nanosheets were anchored on Ti3C2Tx surfaces by an in situ growth method. Outstanding properties of the Ti3C2Tx–Fe3O4 composite were ascribed to the unique structure and more exposure of active sites.
Synthesis of zwitterionic chimeric polymersomes for efficient protein loading and intracellular delivery
Authors: Zhao Bingbing , Yan Yuting , Zhang Junmei , Chen Enping , Wang Ke , Zhao Changshun , Zhong Yinan , Huang Dechun , Cui Zhiqin , Deng Dawei , Gu Congying , Chen Wei
Published: August 2021

Design and synthesis of degradable chimeric polymersomes based on zwitterionic PAC(DMA)-PCL-PMDMSA triblock copolymers for high protein loading and intracellular delivery.
Gradient valence-distributed vanadium oxygen hydrate hybrid induces high performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Mingshan , Zhong Jialun , Wang Xu , Huang Xuezhen , Yang Zhenliang , Chen Junchen , Guo Bingshu , Ma Zhiyuan , Li Xing
Published: August 2021

Gradient vanadium reduced VOH nanowires achieve a high Zn2+ storage performance by enhancing the polyvalent V valence transformation efficiency.
3D Porous Nb2C MXene/reduced graphene oxide aerogel coupled with NiFe alloy nanoparticles for wearable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Lei Hang , Yang Shangjing , Lei Runquan , Zhong Qing , Wan Qixiang , Li Zhibin , Ma Liang , Tan Shaozao , Wang Zilong , Mai Wenjie
Published: August 2021

The synthesis process of NiFe/MG and a flexible/liquid ZAB based on this catalyst.
Photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen using titanium oxide: insights into the mechanism and preferential attack of radicals
Authors: Miranda Maicon Oliveira , Cabral Cavalcanti Wesley Eulálio , Barbosa Felipe Fernandes , Antonio de Sousa José , Ivan da Silva Francisco , Pergher Sibele B. C. , Braga Tiago Pinheiro
Published: August 2021

The degradation of ibuprofen undergoes a series of elementary reactions, generating different radicals which attack preferentially in the region of the ibuprofen with high electron density.
Ultralong NiSe nanowire anchored on graphene nanosheets for enhanced electrocatalytic performance of triiodide reduction
Authors: Yang Fengxia , Mu Meirui , Zhang Keqiang
Published: August 2021

Like their higher-dimensional counterparts, nanowire structures possess desirable features for electrocatalysis applications.
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of nanoplastics interacting with a hydrophobic environment in aqueous solution
Authors: Dettmann Lorenz F. , Kühn Oliver , Ahmed Ashour A.
Published: August 2021

The binding mechanisms of nanoplastics (NPs) to carbon nanotubes as hydrophobic environmental systems have been explored by coarse-grained MD simulations. The results could be closely connected to fate of NPs in soil and water treatment technologies.
Zn2+ removal from the aqueous environment using a polydopamine/hydroxyapatite/Fe3O4 magnetic composite under ultrasonic waves
Authors: Foroutan Rauf , Peighambardoust Seyed Jamaleddin , Hemmati Saeed , Ahmadi Amir , Falletta Ermelinda , Ramavandi Bahman , Bianchi Claudia L.
Published: August 2021

A magnetically recoverable polydopamine (PDA)-modified hydroxyapatite (HAp)/Fe3O4 magnetic composite (HAp/Fe3O4/PDA) was synthesized to exploit its adsorption capacity to remove Zn2+ from aqueous solution and the structural properties were examined.
A process of leaching recovery for cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries by citric acid and salicylic acid
Authors: Xu Meiling , Kang Shumei , Jiang Feng , Yan Xinyong , Zhu Zhongbo , Zhao Qingping , Teng Yingxue , Wang Yu
Published: August 2021

A new mixed organic acid of citric acid and salicylic acid is proposed to recover valuable Co and Li ions from spent LIBs. Under the optimum leaching conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Co and Li ions can reach 99.5% and 97%.
Surface chiroselective assembly of enantiopure crystalline porous films containing bichiral building blocks
Authors: Chen Hao , Gu Zhi-Gang , Zhang Jian
Published: August 2021

Bichiral building block based enantiopure CPM films containing metal–organic cages (MOCs) and metal complexes are chiroselectively assembled on the substrate surface by a layer-by-layer method.
Correction: Mass spectrometric detection of fleeting neutral intermediates generated in electrochemical reactions
Authors: Liu Jilin , Yu Kai , Zhang Hong , He Jing , Jiang Jie , Luo Hai
Published: August 2021

Correction for ‘Mass spectrometric detection of fleeting neutral intermediates generated in electrochemical reactions’ by Jilin Liu et al., Chem. Sci., 2021, 12, 9494–9499, DOI: 10.1039/D1SC01385H.
External abiotic glucose fuel cells
Authors: Antolini Ermete
Published: August 2021

The excellent performance of glucose-fed liquid catalyst fuel cells compared to glucose-fed solid catalyst fuel cells.
Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution using hybrid electrodes based on single-walled carbon nanohorns and cobalt(ii) polypyridine complexes
Authors: Benazzi Elisabetta , Begato Federico , Niorettini Alessandro , Destro Lorenza , Wurst Klaus , Licini Giulia , Agnoli Stefano , Zonta Cristiano , Natali Mirco
Published: August 2021

An unprecedented combination of porous SWCNHs with tetradentate polypyridine cobalt(ii) complexes bearing pyrene groups has been realized to produce a hybrid cathode active for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water at neutral pH.