bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas dan Kadar Air Pada Crude Palm Oil di Laboratorium PT. Bina Pitri Jaya Mill
Authors: Rahmawati Evi , Utami Maisari
Published: June 2023

Analisis kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium PT. Bina Pitri Jaya Palm Oil Mill yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2022. Tujuan dari praktek kerja lapangan ini adalah mengetahui nilai kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air dalam sampel Crude Palm Oil (CPO) di laboratorium PT. Bina Pitri Jaya Mill dan mengetahui nilai kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air dalam sampel CPO di laboratorium PT. Bina Pitri Jaya Mill dibandingkan dengan prosedur operasi standar Perusahaan Anglo-Eastern Plantations. Analisis kadar asam lemak bebas di lakukan dengan metode titrimetri, sedangkan kadar air di lakukan dengan metode thermogravimetri. Nilai kadar asam lemak bebas yang di peroleh sejak tanggal 1 Maret 2022 sampai 7 Maret 2022 secara berturut-turut yaitu 4,31%; 4,32%; 4,28%; 4,33%; 4,19%. Sedangkan nilai kadar air yang diperoleh berturut-turut yaitu 0,12%; 0,16%; 0,13%;0,15%; 0,14%. Hasil analisis kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air tersebut menunjukkan angka di bawah ambang batas baku mutu yaitu maksimum kadar asam lemak bebas dan air di dalam CPO adalah 5% dan 0,25%.
Media, Arts and Humanities sustainability educator toolkit
Authors: Walton Jo Lindsay , Oji Adaora , Eldridge Alice
Published: June 2023

This toolkit is filled with suggestions from colleagues across the University of Sussex’s School of Media, Arts and Humanities, and beyond. It is aimed at supporting educators in building themes, concepts and practices related to sustainability into their teaching. It makes no attempt to be comprehensive or polished. Think of it as a grab-bag of inspirations, provocations, and helpful signposts
Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of FeCo-C Alloy by Exploiting Metamaterial Structure
Authors: Duong Tang Xuan , Tung Do Khanh , Khuyen Bui Xuan , Anh Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Tung Bui Son , Lam Vu Dinh , Chen Liangyao , Zheng Haiyu , Lee YoungPak
Published: June 2023

This study presents a tri-layer broadband metamaterial absorber which operates in the GHz range. The absorber was composed of a polyhedral iron-cobalt alloy/graphite nanosheet material arranged in a flat sheet with two punched-in rings for the top layer, a continuous FR-4 layer at the middle, and a continuous copper layer at the bottom. For the normal incidence of electromagnetic wave, the proposed absorber demonstrated an exceptional broadband absorption in a frequency range of 7.9-14.6 GHz, revealing an absorption exceeding 90%. The absorption magnitude remains to be above 90% in a frequency range of 8-11.1 GHz for transverse-electric-polarized waves at incident angles up to 55°. For both transverse-magnetic- and electric-polarized waves, the absorption exceeds 90% in a frequency range of 9.5-14.6 GHz. The physical mechanism behind the absorption properties is analyzed thoroughly through the electric- and magnetic-field distributions. The obtained results could contribute potentially to the development of microwave applications based on metamaterial absorbers, such as radar-stealth technology, electromagnetic shielding for health safety and reduced electromagnetic interferences for high-performance communications and electronic devices.
The Bisector of the Trochlear Groove as a New Axis for Kinematic Alignment of Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Radio-Graphic Study
Authors: Iacono Francesco , Bonanzinga Tommaso , Di Matteo Berardo , Iacomella Alberto , Delmedico Michelangelo , Gambaro Francesco Manlio , Marcacci Maurilio
Published: June 2023

Background: There is a growing interest in TKA components alignment, especially around the kinematic technique, which aims at reestablishing the alignment of the native knee. However, the practical application of this technique has some limitations; (2) Methods: A series of consecutive full weight-bearing lower limbs radiographs performed in our Hospital without signs of osteoarthritis, post-traumatic deformities, and any previous surgical procedure (e.g. any joint replacement , osteotomy, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction) were included. Several radiological parameters as the bisector line were measured by three members of our orthopedic unit and were then used to assess the inter-observer reliability.; (3) Results: 110 radiographic images belonging to 59 patients (both legs for 51 patients and one leg for 8 patients) were finally included in the present analysis. The bisector of the trochelar groove was perpendicular to the femoral joint line (mean 89.4°).; (4) Conclusions: The main finding of the current study was that the new anatomic landmark investigated, the bisector of the trochlear groove, was perpendicular to the femoral joint line viewed in the AP weight-bearing radiograph of the entire lower limbs of the healthy knee and therefore could potentially simplify the achievement of the kinematic alignment during a TKA procedure.
Enhanced Performances of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with an Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Hole Injection Layer
Authors: Chen Ling , Jiang Donghuai , Du Wenjing , Shang Jifang , Li Dongdong , Liu Shaohui
Published: June 2023

PEDOT:PSS (polyethylene dioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate) is a commonly used hole injec-tion layer (HIL) in optoelectronic devices due to its high conductive properties and work function. However, the acidic and hygroscopic nature of PEDOT:PSS can be problematic for device stability over time. To address this issue, in this study, we have demonstrated the potential of an organic-inorganic hybrid HIL, by incorporating solution-processed WOx nanoparticles (WOx NPs) into the PEDOT:PSS mixture. This hybrid solution was found to have a superior hole transport ability and low Ohmic contact resistance, contributing to higher brightness (~62 000 cd m-2) and current efficiency (13.1 cd A-1) in the manufactured quantum-dot based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). In addition, the resulting devices achieved a relative operational lifetime of 7,071 hours, or approxi-mately twice that of traditional QLEDs with PEDOT:PSS HILs. The proposed method is an un-complicated, reliable and low-cost way to achieve long operational lifetimes without sacrificing efficiency in optoelectronic devices.
Eugenics “Technologies” and Freemasonry in the Interwar Transylvania
Authors: Carol Attila
Published: June 2023

This analysis takes into account a significant chapter of the history of elites and eugenics from Transylvania during the interwar period. In his famous „Black Notebook”, Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, one of the most important personalities of the Romanian Great Union generation, wrote some surprising reflections about eugenics, race, and Romanian national superiority. In different ways, his reflections underline an invitation to analyze Romanian elites from the interwar period, as well as their way of thinking and feeling. Vaida's "Black Notebook" can therefore be considered "a torn page" from an important chapter in the history of the Romanian eugenics movement. It also represents an important key for understanding the history of Romanian freemasonry in Transylvania from the first two decades of the 20th century.
Legal Implications of Smart Grid Energy Management on System: Sustainability, Privacy, Security, and Regulatory Challenges
Authors: Wen Yunyun , Xu Dandan , Dehghan Bahram
Published: June 2023

The use of smart grids has enabled a number of planning methods to be developed to optimize energy costs, Peak to Average Ratios (PARs), and consumer satisfaction for load management in industrial, commercial, and domestic sectors. From a technical point of view, achieving optimal outcomes requires Demand Side Management (DSM). In smart grids, utility companies and electric users communicate two-way using digital technology to make a sustainable and economic system. This paper proposes a novel framework within which an Energy Management Controller (EMC) keeps track of each appliance, its operational time, and the costs associated with them. Customers of smart grids are motivated to shift their Off-Peak Hours (OPH) from Peak Hours by presenting incentives in OPH. The metering devices would also save customers costs by preventing load shifting between high- and low-cost periods. In addition, the study proposes the bacterial foraging algorithm and grasshopper optimization algorithm for lessening power price and PAR without compromising user comfort (UC) through appliance planning. The simulation results on a practical test system advocate the high effectiveness and reliable performance of the proposed model.
Determinants of Task Difficulty in Route Following Tasks: An Experimental Study on Human Spatial Navigation
Authors: Bock Otmar , Huang Ju-Yi
Published: June 2023

When following a prescribed route, we need to decide at each intersection which way to proceed. The present work addressed several factors that might influence the difficulty of this decision making process. Participants repeatedly followed a route through a virtual maze with twelve or eighteen intersections, and with two or three choices per intersection. One group performed task S, which promoted decision making by the serial order strategy since all intersections looked alike. Another group performed task SA, which allowed the use of the serial order and the associative cue strategy since unique visual cues were presented at each intersection. We found that in both tasks, participants were more accurate in making decisions on routes with twelve rather than eighteen intersections, and more accurate by a similar amount on routes with two rather than three choices. Reaction time in task SA was reciprocal to accuracy; reaction time in task S was generally lower and route-independent. Accuracy in task SA was similar for participants who experienced smooth transport across intersections and those who experienced abrupt transport, while accuracy in task S was lower for participants who experienced smooth rather than abrupt transport across intersections. We conclude that the number of intersections and the number of choices were equivalent determinants of route following difficulty. We further conclude that optic flow during turns at intersections interfered with anticipatory decision making in task S; hence natural (smooth) transport across intersections did not enhance route following performance.
Tiga Perempuan Perkasa: Kisah Manusia yang Bertindak untuk Kebebasannya dalam Trois Femmes Puissantes Karya Marie NDiaye
Authors: Artanti Yeni
Published: June 2023

Kebebasan merupakan hal yang paradoksal bagi manusia. Secara alamiah manusia terlahir dengan membawa kehendak bebasnya yang terbatasi oleh berbagai macam hal di luar dirinya. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan menginterpretasikan secara kritis proses pengalaman pembebasan diri tokoh Khady Demba dalam novel Trois Femmes Puissantes (2009) karya Marie NDiaye. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa identitas kedirian Khady Demba tidak terlepas dan sekaligus legitimasinya sebagai perempuan Afrika yang terusir namun sekaligus menanggung beban harapan untuk memperbaiki kondisi ekonomi keluarga, masyarakat, dan negaranya. Sosok individu yang sederhana, Khady Demba menjalani kebebasannya dengan mengikatkan diri pada hal-hal lain yang sering kali tidak manusiawi, dalam pencariannya akan ‘rumah’ yang secara tragis mengantarkannya pada kematian. Keterbatasan pengetahuan karena proses individuasinya tidak berjalan dengan baik, Khady Demba merepresentasikan kegelisahan penulis terhadap permasalahan sosial musafir tangguh sekaligus naif dan tragis Afrika menuju tanah impian bernama Eropa / Prancis. Namun, melalui tokoh ini, pembaca dapat becermin bahwa hidup terlalu berharga untuk disia-siakan, makna diri harus disusun sendiri sebelum ajal menjemput.
Dinamika Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Jawa Pesisiran: Kajian Wayang Pesisiran dalam Perspektif Etnolinguistik
Authors: Mulyana Mulyana
Published: June 2023

Budaya Jawa Pesisiran (BJP) wilayah Pesisir Utara Jawa Tengah terus berdinamika dan tampak pada pertunjukan wayang kulit pesisiran. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan dinamika budaya pesisiran berdasarkan perspektif etnolinguistik. Penelitian dengan metode kualitatif naturalistik ini menggunakan sumber data dialog pertunjukan wayang video yang dimainkan Ki Wiwin Nusantara. Pendalaman latar dan konteks sosial budaya diperoleh melalui survei dari Tegal sampai Rembang. Wawancara dilakukan dengan informan terpilih, yaitu 2 (dua) dalang pesisir wilayah Lasem Rembang, Ki Kartono dan wilayah Pati, Ki Kartubi. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan catatan lapangan, panduan wawancara, dan pembacaan pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) genre wayang pesisiran bersifat variatif (tergambar dari iringan gending, tambahan wayang golek, lakon carangan, dan kelugasan bahasanya), (2) gambaran konteks sosial budaya masyarakat pesisir tecermin melalui diksi lokal dan bahasa Jawa keseharian yang cenderung vulgar dan tidak banyak tingkat tutur sebagai representasi masyarakat pesisir yang secara sosial dan kultural cenderung lugas dan apa adanya.
Interseksionalitas Perempuan dan Laki-Laki Bangsawan dalam “Tula-Tula Mia Wakatobi”
Authors: Saputra Buyung Ade , Qarimah Aryana Nurul
Published: June 2023

Perempuan dan laki-laki yang bergelar bangsawan sebagai kelas sosial tertinggi pada masyarakat pramodern tidak membuat mereka secara pasti memperoleh privilese dan prestise. Setiap individu menduduki posisi yang kemudian menunjukkan jenis perbedaan kekuasaan berdasarkan kategori sosiokultural, khususnya seperti gender. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah praktik yang ditemui perempuan dan laki-laki bangsawan pada cerita rakyat Wakatobi atau “Tula-tula Mia Wakatobi”. Metode interseksi digunakan untuk membongkar ruang-ruang diskriminasi berdasarkan lapisan identitas yang saling berinteraksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan bangsawan adalah pihak yang dirugikan dibanding laki-laki bangsawan. Perempuan bangsawan beridentitas ganda, yaitu sebagai bangsawan serta putri dari ayah dan raja. Dengan demikian formasi identitas menjadi penyebab utama adanya privilese atau “peliyanan“ melalui tindakan diskriminatif yang dialami oleh para tokoh bangsawan.
Mitos Larangan Menikah antara Orang Jawa dengan Orang Sunda dalam Perspektif Masyarakat Modern
Authors: Afnan Dikhorir
Published: June 2023

Fenomena larangan menikah antara orang Sunda dan Jawa merupakan mitos yang berkaitan dengan peristiwa sejarah. Mitos pantangan perkawinan dua suku ini mengakar kuat pada masyarakat tradisional dan memengaruhi kehidupan masyarakat modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi perspektif masyarakat modern dalam menyikapi fenomena mitos larangan menikah antara orang Jawa dengan Sunda. Penelitian kualitatif ini mendeskripsikan fenomena larangan menikah berdasarkan data pustaka yang diperoleh melalui pembacaan lintas sumber. Analisi data dilakukan mulai tahap inventarisasi data, yang diikuti identifikasi, dan klasifikasi. Interpretasi data dilakukan secara kontekstual dan mengaitkan hubungan antardata secera keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat menempatkan mitos sebagai realitas budaya yang diketahui dan dihidupi oleh masyarakat pendukungnya. Mitos larangan menikah antara orang Jawa dengan Sunda mengingatkan peristiwa perang Bubat yang terjadi melalui strategi undangan pernikahan.
Traumatic Hallux Metatarsophalangeal Joint Medial Collateral Ligament Avulsion in a Professional Surfer: Suture Anchor Repair and Suture Tape Augmentation
Authors: Epstein Caroline , Montero Daniel , Haupt Edward
Published: June 2023

Case:

Acute medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears of the great toe metatarsophalangeal joint are rare, leading to sparse literature regarding their management. Suture anchor repair with suture tape augmentation is an effective treatment of thumb ulnar collateral ligament tears, a close analog. This case report presents a 23-year-old professional surfer with an acute hallux MCL avulsion. Management included repair with suture anchor and suture tape augmentation. The patient returned to sport quickly and had no pain or complications at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

In this case of acute MCL tear of the great toe, suture anchor repair with suture tape augmentation facilitated early mobilization, rapid rehabilitation, return to competitive sport, and sustained good outcome.

Level of Evidence:

Level V
Differences in Center of Pressure Displacement and Lower Limb Muscle Activity During Relevé Descending Phase Comparing Flat Shoes and Pointe Shoes
Authors: Tsubaki Yurina , Maeda Noriaki , Suzuki Yuta , Morikawa Masanori , Kuno-Mizumura Mayumi , Urabe Yukio
Published: June 2023

AIMS: In classical ballet, dancers may wear flat shoes and pointe shoes. To consider the kinematic changes between flat shoes and pointe shoes to prevent injuries, it is essential to focus on the fundamental ballet movement of standing on pointe. This study aimed to clarify the differences
in the center of pressure (COP) displacement and lower limb muscle activity during the descending phase of a relevé when wearing pointe shoes versus flat shoes. METHODS: Ten amateur ballet dancers volunteered for this study and performed a reléve wearing flat shoes and pointe
shoes. We measured the COP displacement by using a footplate and electromyographies of the tibialis anterior, soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, and peroneus longus muscles during the relevé descending phase. These data were compared using a paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test.
RESULTS: The COP significantly shifted to the lateral side when dancers were wearing pointe shoes compared to wearing flat shoes (p<0.05). The muscle activity of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles was significantly higher by 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively, when ballet dancers were wearing
pointe shoes compared to flat shoes (p<0.05). However, there were no differences in both lateral gastrocnemius and peroneus longus. CONCLUSION: Greater muscle activities in the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles when wearing pointe shoes than when wearing flat shoes were associated with
a larger lateral displacement of the COP. To control the COP displacement during the descending phase of a relevé, the muscle activity of the peroneus longus, which is antagonist of tibialis anterior muscle, and soleus muscles should be increased.
Jalan Terjal Menuju Perguruan Tinggi Responsif Gender: Lesson Learned dari Piloting Program Perencanaan dan Penganggaran Responsif Gender di IAIN Metro
Authors: Wijayati Mufliha , Murdiana Elfa , Hamdani Agus
Published: June 2023

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengalaman IAIN Metro menuju perguruan tinggi responsif gender melalui intervensi kebijakan perencanaan dan penganggaran responsive gender (PPRG). Program ini dilaksanakan selama 3 tahun dari 2016 – 2018. Melalui observasi implementasi program, wawancara, dan pemetaan dokumen, penelitan ini memperlihatkan bahwa keberhasilan pengarusutamaan gender di IAIN Metro didukung oleh potensi personal, terbangunnya sistem yang kuat, pola relasi kuasa, dan budaya masyarakat setempat. Potret perjalanan IAIN Metro sebagai piloting Program Perencanaan dan Penganggaran Responsif Gender memungkinkan untuk diduplikasi di perguruan tinggi lain yang memiliki potensi dan kesamaan karakteristik.
PENGUATAN UMKM MELALUI PELATIHAN LITERASI DIGITAL DI DUSUN BERAN DESA GEMARANG KABUPATEN MADIUN
Authors: Puspitasari Dhika , Benta Dhika Pratama Yotamas
Published: June 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 memnberikan dampak bagi semua sektor kehidupan dimasyarakat. Salah satu sektor yang mengalami dampak dari pandemi ini adalah sektor ekonomi. Pelaku UMKM sebagai bagian terpenting dari sektor ekonomi merasakan dampak nyata. Permasalahan yang dihadapi yaitu semakin menurunnya daya beli dari masyarakat terhadap produk yang ditawarkan. Hal ini memberikan dampak nyata berupa penurunan profit dan tingkat produksi. Keadaan tersebut juga dirasakan oleh pelaku UMKM jamu gendong di Dusun Beran Desa Gemarang Kecamatan Madiun. Para pelaku UMKM jamu gendong tersebut masih melakukan proses pemsaran produk secara tradisional. Berdasarkan permsalahan tersebut, maka dilaksanakanlah pelatihan literasi digital yang dilaksanakan oleh tim pengabdian Universitas PGRI Madiun. Adapun langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini meliputi: observasi lapangan, koordinasi dengan mitra, sosialisasi program, pelaksanaan kegiatan, serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Materi yang disampaikan dalam pelatihan ini yaitu pengenalan umum mengenai literasi digital, pengenalan platform e-commerce, dan langkah-langkah atau strategi yang dapat ditempuh oleh pelaku UMKM jamu gendong dalam pemasaran produk. Kegiatan ini berlangsung secara lancar dan diharapkan dapat menjadi bentuk nyata dalam pemberdaan masyarakat di Dusun Beran Desa Gemarang Kabupaten Madiun.Kata kunci: penguatan UMKM, pemberdayaan masyarakat, literasi digital
Synthetic Fractional Flow Curves Based on Continuous Well Logs Honoring Highly Heterogeneous Properties in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Angle Sáez Franklyn Javier , Galán Toloza José Antonio
Published: June 2023

Perforation intervals selection is an issue in heavy oil reservoirs since low water saturation is not directly related to low water cuts in production, thus, making it necessary to use fractional flow (fw) curves; nevertheless, for highly heterogeneous reservoirs it is useless to average an fw curve by stratigraphic or hydraulic flow units. In this paper we present continuous vertically variable fw curves, each half feet (logs resolution), as a novel approach to honor heterogeneity.

Heterogeneity in the tertiary rocks of Llanos Basin, Colombia, is exhibited by dramatic changes in properties, mainly driven by diagenesis rather than mineralogy; and even when rock types were defined via FZI, there is a wide range of potential clay volume-effective porosity-permeability (VCL-PHIE-K) combinations within a single rock type. Following a series of multiple regressions, we could get unique values of fw, every half feet, for any VCL-PHIE-K combination at a given water saturation (Sw) and then, by simply averaging the fw values over the perforating intervals, it was possible to predict the expected water cut (BSW) during the first production stages. Then, a comparison of fw with BSW, in some random wells, yielded an average estimation difference of ±9 percent points, which validates the methodology and offers a much more reliable alternative to SW curves when predicting oil production. Among other results, since strong aquifers and an active water injection process influence these fields, the estimation of a water saturation before water breakthrough (Sw_BT) curve helped us understand how the highest permeability sands (RT1) were irrupted by high BSW slower compared to lower permeability sands (RT3). Consequently, the Sw cutoff (Sw_CUTOFF), estimated for a maximum fractional flow (fw_MAX) of 95%, showed averaged values between 32% and 45%, depending on rock types (RTs).

We conclusively found that this methodology can help avoid undesirable high BSW, since we can first diagnose if the water is about to irrupt by using an Sw_BT curve, then we can dodge water saturated intervals above a variable Sw_CUTOFF (instead of using a constant 50% cutoff), and finally we can predict, with more than a 90% of accuracy, the BSW to manage at surface by using fw curves, rather than simple Sw curves.
Electro-Acoustic Solvent-Based Method for Enhancing Heavy Oil Recovery
Authors: Khasi Saeid , Kantzas Apostolos
Published: June 2023

A novel multi-physics approach is proposed to enhance performance of solvent extraction methods in heavy oil reservoirs by utilizing the enhanced mixing and spreading during acoustic excitation. In the modeling, the macroscopic flow equation is coupled to the conservative form of the advection-dispersion model while it is linked with an external time harmonic body load in a poroelastic domain. Linking the latter elements of the modeling is fully coupled and both impacts of the pressure load on the rock stress as well as the induced pore pressure by the rock strain are considered. Numerical simulation results are obtained by solving coupled macroscopic equations using the finite element method for a quarter five-spot source-sink geometry. Based on the numerical solutions, normalized concentration profiles of the displacing fluid as well as plots of resident and effluent concentrations are obtained for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Simulation results of the recovery enhancements are compared to conventional solvent-based methods of enhanced heavy oil recovery in terms of energy trade-off. Acoustically assisted solvent flooding reduces the required volume of injected solvent through enhancing dispersive mixing. The acoustic excitation at a relative amplitude of 200, which is applicable to field scale applications, can result in an additional 12 % enhancement in displacing an in-place fluid via an assisted solvent extraction process as compared to the equivalent silent displacement. Such enhancement happens both before and after breakthrough. Higher amplitudes and frequencies and wave propagations transverse to the flow direction increase the enhancement. Combining acoustic stimulations and electromagnetic (EM) heating may further enhance the recovery. The required equations to incorporate EM heating are provided as well. In the proposed multi-physics approach, both the required amounts of solvent and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be reduced. Electricity usage by the elements of excitations will be the key contributors in reducing GHG emissions’ footprints of heavy oil extraction. The simulation results of the developed model can provide an estimation of input parameters in economic analysis such as the cumulative delivered energy to oil ratio that is an essential component in calculating GHG emissions.
Reducing Environmental Footprint of Borehole Seismic Acquisition by Using DAS on Hybrid Logging Cable
Authors: Duque Helman , Briceño Alexander López , Perez Alexander Duarte , Villasmil Jose , Useche Manuel , Martinez Alejandro , Ruge Susy Mercado , Ordoñez Andrea , Sanchez Diego , Marin Dilan
Published: June 2023

Borehole seismic data from vertical seismic profiles (VSP) provide valuable information in different stages of reservoir evaluation. Land VSPs are generally acquired using a wireline-specific run involving a logging unit, a downhole geophone-based tool, and vibrator truck operating 10 hours to 1 day for typical zero-offset VSP surveys (ZOVSP). Nowadays, novel technologies, such as fiber optic cable, allow geoscientists to get VSP measurements while reducing logging times to minutes and reducing the environmental footprint of the operation.

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and electric hybrid logging cable allow borehole seismic information to be efficiently obtained over the entire well in a fraction of the time required by conventional methods. The land ZOVSP surveys discussed in this work were acquired while conveying various logging tools with a hybrid optical heptacable by Ecopetrol S.A. in Colombia onshore. In many of these jobs, data acquisition is carried out in areas close to communities, houses, or infrastructure that may be impacted by closing roads or by vibrations emitted by the seismic source. Also, high levels of noise for long periods could distress nearby inhabitants.

The reduction of carbon footprint is a direct benefit when using this technology. Less operating time can reduce CO2 emissions over 90% in a VSP acquisition. ZOVSPs with conventional geophone technology were estimated to take in average 17 hours in wells with the profiles considered here. In contrast, with DAS on hybrid logging cable, this operation takes 1.5 hours, which immediately translates into a lower carbon emission footprint equating to an estimated 95% CO2 reduction per job.
Another Look at Bovallius, Onshore Southern Basin Trinidad
Authors: Bishop M. , Moonan X. , Lalla W. , Anderson L.
Published: June 2023

The Bovallius field, located in the southeastern part of Trinidad is bordered to the west by the Balata East block and to the south by the Ortoire block. The field spans approximately 942 acres with six wells drilled in the block to date, the first well being drilled in 1954. Regionally the Bovallius field occurs on trend with a WSW plunging, SE verging thrusted anticlinal system. The major tectonic features within the Bovallius field consists of the eastern extension of the Balata anticline which is truncated by several NE-SW trending thrust faults, several NW-SE trending normal faults and bordered to the east by the NE-S/SW Cedar Grove fault. Previous evaluations done on the Bovallius field resulted in little prospectivity for the block. Recent discovery wells within the Ortoire Block, created renewed interest over the Bovallius field. It is known from analogous fields that there are three structural limbs which occur in the Herrera formation: Overthrust, Intermediate and Sub-thrust. Field wide mapping indicated that most of the wells within the Bovallius field penetrated three thrust sheets within the Overthrust limb only. As such the undrilled Intermediate and Sub-thrust limbs present an exploration opportunity within the field. Sand maps constructed on the producing reservoirs show that these sands trend in a NE-SW direction with the thickest accumulations occurring sub-parallel to the axis of the anticline. Similarly, as seen in the Penal/Barrackpore and Cascadura fields, within the Bovallius field the anticlinal system plunges to the SW with NW-SE trending normal faults dissecting the anticlinal feature. The most prospective areas tend to be in the eastern crestal structurally up-dip parts of these fault blocks. This updated model resulted in three outstep prospects. Field development in the southern part of the Bovallius block was heavily influenced by Balata East wells, BE-6, and BE-19. These wells are located on the southern flank of the Balata anticline and encountered the Herrera sands wet. At the time it was believed that as the majority of the Bovallius block lies downdip of these wet wells, the Herrera sands would also be wet over this acreage. However, on examination of some of the surrounding wells in the area, this assumption has been relooked. There is a thrust fault running in a NE-SW direction, south of the wet Balata wells which allow for hydrocarbon accumulation within the OL-4/Royston area. This makes the southern part of the Bovallius block prospective for the Herrera sands.
Comparison of Riser Gas Unloading in Water and SBM: Full-Scale Experiments
Authors: Kunju Mahendra R , Almeida Mauricio
Published: June 2023

The potential for a gas-in-riser situation to become uncontrollable by the rapid displacement of mud out of the riser is extremely high if the riser-top is left open. The unloading can be catastrophic in synthetic-based mud (SBM) or oil-based mud (OBM) when the gas remains dissolved and undetected till pressure reduction causes sudden desorption of dissolved gas closer to the surface. This work demonstrates, investigates, and provides insights into the riser gas unloading phenomena with the help of full-scale gas migration experiments.

A 5200 ft deep vertical test well (9 5/8" x 2 7/8" casing/drill-pipe) at LSU instrumented with 4 down-hole PT gauges was used for the tests. Tests were carried out in water, and SBM. Each test started by injecting a fixed volume of nitrogen gas (5 to 15 bbl) at a low (0.3 bbl/min) or high flow rate (4 bbl/min) from the bottom of the annulus while keeping the annulus open. After the influx, the annulus was either closed at the surface to study the effects of gas migration under shut-in conditions or left open to study the effects of gas migration under open-top annulus conditions.

The rate of pit-gain reduced during the low-void-fraction gas tests in water, and SBM-filled-annulus when gas influx stopped (closing of subsea BOP). However, for the high-void-fraction test in SBM, the pit-gain stopped once influx stopped and remained negative from 6.5 minutes to 35.5 minutes due to a reduction in mud level caused by the dissolution of gas in SBM. The pit gain later resumed and continued to increase. Keeping the annulus open resulted in a rapid exponential increase in pit-gain as the gas-front neared the surface requiring an immediate shut-in of the annulus to avoid unsafe rapid discharge. The final estimated outflow rate based on cumulative pit-gain (Coriolis) was 160gpm for the high-void-fraction test in SBM. Pressure, and differential pressure data from pairs of gauges were used to make real-time decisions during the tests and to estimate the location and migration velocities of gas-front and tail. The model developed for analysis and comparison of test results in water is used here to explain the behavior of gas migration under open-top conditions.

A thorough investigation with the help of gauge data and pit gain has explicated our understanding of gas migration behavior and its effect on the dynamics of gas-liquid equilibrium from influx to impending unloading situation. The interesting results from the tests are extremely useful in explaining the dangers of using open-top annulus on rigs.
Association between body mass index and age of disease onset with clinical outcomes in paediatric Crohn's Disease (CD): a UK nation-wide analyses using the NIHR-IBD Bioresource
Authors: Aljilani Bayan , Tsintzas Kostas , Siervo Mario , Moran Gordon W
Published: June 2023

Background:
The relationship between adiposity and disease outcomes has never been investigated in paediatric Crohn’s disease (CD).
Aim:
To investigate the relationship between a) body mass index (BMI) and clinical disease outcomes (hospitalisation, surgery, disease behaviour, biologic use and comorbidities) and b) the association between age of disease onset with clinical outcomes.
Design:
Outcomes were examined retrospectively in CD patients diagnosed at age <17 years. Data was obtained from the National Institute for Health Research IBD-UK BioResource. Subjects were categorised into normal BMI (<25kg/m2) and high BMI (≥25 kg/m2). Age at disease diagnosis was categorised into pre-puberty/early puberty (<11 years), puberty (11-14 years) and post-puberty (15-17 years). Spearman rank correlation was used to test the associations between continuous variables and chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables.
Results:
848 participants with CD were included, 51.8% males and a median age at diagnosis was 14 years. The median BMI measured at consent was 22.6 kg/m2. Most of the participants (N= 605) had a BMI<25 kg/m2 with 243 (28%) participants having a BMI³25 kg/m2. Those with high BMI were linked to a greater frequency of comorbidities (1 type of comorbidities: BMI³25= 20.6%; P=0.05 and ≥2 types of comorbidities: BMI³25= 8.6%; P=0.05, respectively). BMI and age at diagnosis showed a correlation with corticosteroid use (ρ=-0.09, P=0.01 and ρ=0.08, P=0.03, respectively). An early diagnosis (<11 years) was associated with complicated disease behaviour (p=0.01) and hospitalisation (P<0.001).
Conclusions:
A higher BMI and an earlier age of disease are associated with worse CD outcomes.
Freedom From Infection (FFI): A paradigm shift towards evidence-based decision-making for malaria elimination.
Authors: Nelli Luca , Surendra Henry , Byrne Isabel , Ahmad Riris , Arisanti Risalia , Lesmanawati Dyah , Elyazar Iqbal , Dumont Elin , Drakeley Chris , Wu Lindsey , Matthiopoulos Jason , Stresman Gillian
Published: June 2023

Background: Assessing elimination of malaria locally requires a surveillance system with high sensitivity and specificity to detect its presence without ambiguity. Currently, the absence of locally acquired cases for three consecutive years is used as confirmation of elimination. However, relying on routine health data to prove the absence of infection presents challenges, as even one missed case can lead to incorrect inferences and potential resurgence. Overcoming this challenge requires innovative approaches to model the coupled processes of malaria transmission and its clinical observation.
Methods: We propose a novel statistical framework based on a state-space model to probabilistically demonstrate the absence of malaria, using routinely collected health system data (which is extensive but inherently imperfect). By simultaneously modelling the transmission dynamics within the population and the probability of detection, our approach was designed to provide a robust estimate of the surveillance system's sensitivity and the corresponding probability of local elimination (PFree).
Findings: Our study reveals a critical limitation of the traditional criterion for declaring malaria freedom, highlighting its inherent bias and potential for misinterpreting ongoing transmission. Importantly, our research demonstrates the high sensitivity of this approach to observation biases, where even a single missed infection can lead to erroneous conclusions. We show that the traditional criterion can fail to identify ongoing transmission, even in the absence of reported cases.
Interpretation: Our approach represents a significant advancement in programmatic decision-making and malaria interventions. This methodological advancement has far-reaching implications, not only for malaria control but also for infectious disease control in general. By enhancing surveillance systems and optimizing resource allocation, our approach creates opportunities to address the limitations of traditional criteria for declaring disease freedom. Our findings emphasize the urgent need to reassess existing methods to accurately confirm malaria elimination, and the importance of incorporating comprehensive modelling techniques to improve the design and implementation of surveillance systems, ultimately leading to more effective strategies for infectious disease control. The scalability and feasibility of our integrative modelling approach further support its potential to revolutionize surveillance systems and enhance public health outcomes.
Funding: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education.
Investigation of Work Coordinate System Setting in Ultra-Precision Machining Using Electrical Breakdown for Non-Conductive Materials
Authors: Lowery Zach , Maeng Sangjin , Min Sangkee
Published: June 2023

The ultra-precision machine tool industry has been consistently improving to the point where machine tools with extreme thermal controls, vibration damping, and command resolutions of 0.1 nm are commercially available. As little research focus has been given to developing peripheral technologies, currently available work coordinate system setting methods are a bottleneck on the achievable accuracy of ultra-precision machine tools. One of the work coordinate system setting methods uses electrical breakdown. The electrical phenomenon occurs when a sufficiently large voltage difference is applied between two conductors. This phenomenon has been observed to have a linear relationship between the breakdown voltage and gap length at short gap lengths. Electrical breakdown is a capable work coordinate system setting with an accuracy of 100s nm. However, this method is limited to electrically conductive cutting tools and workpiece materials. This study proposes a work coordinate system setting method for ultra-precision machining based on electrical breakdown for non-conductive materials. In this study, a conductive thin film coating is applied to polycrystalline diamond cutting tools to facilitate electrical breakdown work coordinate system setting. With similar motivation, a modification method was tested to enable electrical breakdown work coordinate system setting on non-conductive workpiece materials. The modification method used a 50 nm thick platinum coating on the workpiece. This study also introduces a method for automatic work coordinate system setting using electrical breakdown and sensors built into the machine tool.
Spectrum-Effect Relationship and Component Knock-Out or Knock-In in Total Flavones of Abelmoschus manihot
Authors: Wu Xiulan , Wang Fujiang , Ge Haitao
Published: June 2023

Background Diabetic kidney disease(DKD) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. The total flavones of Abelmoschus Manihot (TFA) has been widely used in China to reduce podocyte injury in DKD, however, not each flavone monomer can play the same effect. In a specific disease or pharmacological model, there may also be a group of chemical components with clear composition and content ratio that can play the same role as Abelmoschus Manihot extract.
Methods The composition of the seven flavone monomers was investigated by spectrum-effect relationship and component knock-out and knock-in methods. We used HPLC to establish the chemical fingerprints, and assayed the protective effect and anti-inflammatory activity of podocytes in vitro. The protein expression level of synaptopodin and nephrin were measured by immunofluorescence staining, and the release of inflammatory factors of TNF-α and IL-1β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Partial least squares method and multi-objective optimization were used to examine the spectrum-effect relationships. Then, we also determined the expression of TRPC6 in podocytes by RT-qPCR and western blot.
Results When the compatibility proportion of rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, hibifolin, myricetin, quercetin-3'-o-glucoside, and quercetin was 0, 1.2, 0.88, 0.88, 0.48, 2.08, 0.4, the protein expression of synaptopodin and nephrin may be equivalent to TFA. And when the compatibility proportionof 7 active components was 0, 2.08, 1.74, 1.50, 0.12, 0.54, 0.1, which decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α. Further, we found that B (hibifolin/hyperoside), C (hyperoside/quercetin-3'-o-glucoside), and E (isoquercetin/quercetin-3'-o-glucoside) have significant effects on synaptopodin, nephrin, and TNF- α, IL-1β. Collectively, our data indicated that TFA could ameliorate cytoskeleton rearrangement and inflammatory injury in podocytes under hign glucose conditions, and the proportion of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, hibifolin and quercetin-3'-o-glucoside had the similar efficacy, they may be the main active components of TFA. What’s more, the best combination of hyperoside, isoquercetin, hibifolin and quercetin-3'-o-glucoside decreased the expression of TRPC6.
Conclusion The combination of hyperoside, isoquercetin, hibifolin, and quercetin-3'-o-glucoside in TFA was optimized by spectral efficiency relationship, and flavone monomer combination may play a protective role in podocyte cytoskeleton through TRPC6 pathway.
Enhancement of Conventional Solar Still Productivity by Modifying with The Tilted Wick at Different Angles and Black Painted Basin: An experimental & Economic Approach
Authors: Negi Akashdeep , Ranakoti Lalit , Verma Rajesh , Shukla Jayanti , kabeel abd elnaby
Published: June 2023

Solar still is the emerging technique to distilled water at places where there is a huge scarcity of drinking water. The current investigation deals with the productivity enhancement of distilled yield of conventional solar still (CSS) to obtain decontaminated fresh water. Experiments were conducted by modifying CSS for five different cases viz: (a). Conventional solar still without the wick, (b). Conventional solar still with the tilted wick at 15˚, 30˚, and 45˚ (c). Black painted basin conventional solar still (BPBCSS) with the tilted wick at 30˚. All experiments were performed on the month of March for approximate same climatic condition. From the preliminary investigation, the flow rate of basin water on the wick was kept fixat 0.2g/m2.secin such a way that the wick remained completely wet. The overall daily productivity of the caseswas found to be 3.802kg/m2, 3.925kg/m2, 4.25kg/m2,4.102kg/m2, and 4.372 kg/m2 for CSS without the wick, CSS with the tilted wick at 15˚, CSS with the tilted wick at 30˚, CSS with the tilted wick at 45˚, and BPBCSS with the tilted wick at 30˚ respectively. For BPCSS, the cost of the obtained yield distillate was found to be ₹1.38 per Liter, making it more affordable than CSS.
Validation of Health Education Quality Scale and a Primary Investigation in general practitioners of Zhejiang, China
Authors: Chen Mingmin , Ren Jingjing , Liu Ying , Wu Yuepeng , Duan Ruoshu , Sun Yujing
Published: June 2023

Background
Health education is one of the crucial part of general practitioners’ (GPs’) responsibility. There are few instruments for measurements of health education quality. This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to measure the health education quality.
Methods
The questionnaire is a 6-item scale developed in a multi-level process following a literature review and consultations with specialists. The scale was applied in a sample of N = 152 general practitioners (GPs) in Zhejiang, eastern China. Items and properties were analyzed by determining item reliability as well as performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the instruments dimensionality. The association of health education quality with respondents’ characteristics and attitudes were analyzed by analogue non-parametric test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to clarify the factors related to the quality of health education.
Results
The HEQ scale demonstrated good internal consistency(α = 0.945). CFA verified a 5-factor structure of the scale. The mean score of the health education quality of participants is 102.78/150. There were significant differences in health education quality and health education attitude between GPs in different level of public healthcare institutions (P<0.05). The score of GPs in healthcare stations (94.58/150) was lower than others. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant association between each items and the final HEQ score, and the HEQ score was also significant associated with self-cognition of health education sufficiency(ρ = 0.556,P<0.05), health education skill༈ρ = 0.551,P<0.05).
Conclusion
The HEQ is a valid scale to assess the extent of the health education quality of GPs, and the health education quality of GPs in Zhejiang province is relatively good. GPs’ health education quality is related to their attitudes toward patient health education. Specific measures should be taken to further improve the health education quality of GPs.
Looking under the lamp-post: quantifying the performance of contact tracing in the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Bayly Henry , Stoddard Madison , Egeren Debra Van , Murray Eleanor J , Raifman Julia , Chakravarty Arijit , White Laura F.
Published: June 2023

Contact tracing forms a crucial part of the public-health toolbox in mitigating and understanding emergent pathogens and nascent disease outbreaks. Contact tracing in the United States was conducted during the pre-Omicron phase of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This tracing relied on voluntary reporting and responses, often using rapid antigen tests (with a high false negative rate) due to lack of accessibility to PCR tests. These limitations, combined with SARS-CoV-2’s propensity for asymptomatic transmission, raise the question “how reliable was contact tracing for COVID-19 in the United States”? We answered this question using a Markov model to examine the efficiency with which transmission could be detected based on the design and response rates of contact tracing studies in the United States. Our results suggest that contact tracing protocols in the U.S. are unlikely to have identified more than 1.65% (95% uncertainty interval: 1.62%-1.68%) of transmission events with PCR testing and 0.88% (95% uncertainty interval 0.86%-0.89%) with rapid antigen testing. When considering an optimal scenario, based on compliance rates in East Asia with PCR testing, this increases to 62.7% (95% uncertainty interval: 62.6%-62.8%). These findings highlight the limitations in interpretability for studies of SARS-CoV-2 disease spread based on U.S. contact tracing and underscore the vulnerability of the population to future disease outbreaks, for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.