bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical, Functional and Radiological Outcome of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion by Banana Cage with Bone Graft for the Treatment of High-Grade Lumbar Spondylolisthesis At L5-S1
Authors:   Professor of Spine Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, Islam Anowarul
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To assess the clinical, functional and radiological outcome of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) by Banana cage with bone graft. Material and Methods: This retrospective analytical study was carried out in spine unit of Orthopaedic surgery department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical University, and another private hospital in Dhaka city, Bangladesh from January 2010 to December 2020. We did PLIF by Banana cage with bone graft for High-grade Lumbar Spondylolisthesis at L5-S1. The follow up period ranges from 1 year to 2 years (average 18 months). Within these follow up period we have assessed the patients clinically, functionally and radiologically. All patients were assessed by Visual Analogue Score (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Waddell disability index (WDI), Spino-pelvic parameters, Modified Macnab’s Criteria to find out overall outcome and Hackenberge ctriteria for radiological fusion.
Obstructed inguinal hernia containing ovary with an ovarian cyst: a case report
Authors: Amir Wajahat , Sadaf Zafarullah  , Waheed Mohammad Rehman , Anwar Jamal , Mohammad Sohail Asghar
Published: January 2023

A 27-year-old married woman came to the emergency room (ER) with the chief complaint of severe pain in the abdomen for 3 days, which was more pronounced in the right iliac fossa, along with the complaint of multiple episodes of vomiting for the last 6 hours. She also gave a history of swelling in the right inguinal region for last 9 months with the complaint of mild on and off pain in the swelling. On physical examination, diagnosis of obstructed inguinal hernia was made. Ultrasonography (USG) of abdomen was of no use, as it only commented on hernial defect and not on the contents of the hernial sac. An emergency surgery was planned; marsupialisation of ovarian cyst, repositioning of fallopian tube along with ovary and herniorrhaphy was performed without any difficulty.
Keywords: Ovarian hernia, Inguinal Hernia, Sliding hernia, Fertility.
The effects of seismic operations in UK waters: analysis of Marine Mammal Observer data
Authors: Stone Carolyn , Hall Karen , Mendes Sonia , Tasker Mark
Published: January 2023

Sixteen years of information from observers on board seismic survey vessels in UK and adjacent waters have demonstrated the varied responses of marine mammals to seismic surveys. Most species showed some response to firing with ‘large arrays’ (airgun volume 500 cubic inches or more), but responses were less evident when "small arrays" (less than 500 cubic inches) were active. Several species/species groups responded proactively to the soft start procedure (where the level of firing is increased gradually) indicating that this can be an effective mitigation measure in reducing the risk of physiological damage. Despite the challenge in assigning ecological significance to the varied observed effects, the analyses in this study confirm that marine mammals are sensitive to noise from seismic surveys and therefore mitigation measures should continue to be applied to all seismic operations and such measures should cover all species.
Evaluation of the accuracy of reported noon positions from Soviet whaling factory ships
Authors: Ivashchenko Yulia , Clapham Phillip
Published: January 2023

It has generally been assumed that the noon positions reported to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) by Soviet factory ships were accurate, despite that nation’s extensive falsification of catch records. In this paper, Soviet whaling industry reports are used to investigate this issue. Comparison of available track data from the reports with information submitted to the IWC through the BIWS shows that the officially reported data provide a reasonably accurate idea of general whaling effort, with minor discrepancies attributable to differences in precision or to geo-referencing. However, the Soviet report tracks sometimes include unreported excursions for the purpose of illegal whaling, and these were omitted from the data sent to the IWC.
Modelling whale-vessel encounters: the role of speed in mitigating collisions with humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Authors: Currie J. J. , Stack S. H. , Kaufman G. D.
Published: January 2023

Increasing whale populations and vessel traffic worldwide has led to an increase in reported whale-vessel collisions. This paper reports on factors that affect the rate of whale-vessel collisions in the four-island region of Maui, Hawai’i. More specifically, it aims at quantifying the probability of a whale-vessel collision with varying vessel speeds using encounter distances as a proxy. A change point model was used to identify a speed threshold of 12.5kts (6.4m/s), which showed a significant change in the relationship between speed and mean sighting distance. A 3.4-fold decrease in close encounters with humpback whales was observed when vessels travelled at speeds of 12.5kts (6.4m/s) or less. Furthermore, results indicate that lone adult whales and calves are the most likely to be involved in a collision. A speed limit of 12.5kts (6.4m/s) is warranted in areas and/or during seasons where a high density of whales occurs. This limit aligns with a reduction in lethal vessel strikes with speed from previous studies which found a significant increase in the likelihood of mortality when vessel speed exceeds 12kts.
Dentinal growth layer counts of captive, known-age, mother and daughter belugas (Delphinapterus leucas): confirming two growth layer groups (GLG/2) per year; consequences for recovery and management
Authors: Brodie P. , Haulena M.
Published: January 2023

Captive mother and daughter belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) of Hudson Bay origin died at the Vancouver Aquarium, in November 2016, aged29.25 and 21.25 years. Aurora, captured at age three and captive since 1990, gave birth to Qila in 1995. Age and histories being known, the focusof this study was on total number of tooth growth layer groups (GLGs) present; one (GLG/1) or two (GLG/2) per year. Teeth from Aurora indicatedtwo growth layers per year (GLG/2) during pre-capture and captivity. Qila deposited GLG/2 throughout her captive life. Clearly an assumption ofGLG/1 over GLG/2 doubles the duration of all life stages, including lifespan and age at attainment of sexual maturity. Arguments for GLG/1 havebeen based on inferences (e.g. from fallout of bomb radio carbon) from adults of unknown age and history, while those for GLG/2 are based on theprojection of direct observations from newborn, known-age young to 21 and 29 year-old adults from captivity. Use of radiocarbon is ingenious butsuch analyses have not been rigorously tested on marine mammals and the sensitivity to necessary correction factors not addressed. The newinformation from this study contradicts the GLG/1 hypothesis in that such an assumption would place Aurora’s birth at the 1958 peak fallout ofbomb radiocarbon (14C) yet she was born 29 years later in 1987, while the birth of her daughter Qila would pre-date the birth of her mother by 13years. This paper re-assesses three studies that assigned GLG/1 based ages to older adults using GLG/2 and concludes that their supposed birthswould also pre-date the realistic births of their own mothers plus as many as two previous generations. Proponents of GLG/1 have overestimatedthe ages of previous calves-at-capture by 200–800%. Given the growth pattern in teeth of these 21 year and 29 year old female belugas, withincreasingly finer dentine GLGs deposited as the pulp tissue diminishes, it is difficult to envisage the GLG/1 tooth structures of those assumed tobe 60–80 years; none are as yet available. An holistic analysis using direct observations and cross-referenced parameters does not substantiateGLG/1which implies a 40% reduction of the intrinsic rate of natural increase; as a consequence, overestimating historical population size as wellas recovery target population and the predicted date of recovery in Cumberland Sound.
Guidelines for genetic data analysis
Authors: S. Waples Robin
Published: January 2023

The IWC Scientific Committee recently adopted guidelines for quality control of DNA data. Once data have been collected, the next step is to analyse the data and make inferences that are useful for addressing practical problems in conservation and management of cetaceans. This is a complex exercise, as numerous analyses are possible and users have a wide range of choices of software programs for implementing the analyses. This paper reviews the underlying issues, illustrates application of different types of genetic data analysis to two complex management problems (involving common minke whales and humpback whales), and concludes with a number of recommendations for best practices in the analysis of population genetic data. An extensive Appendix provides a detailed review and critique of most types of analyses that are used with population genetic data for cetaceans.
Observations of bowhead whales along the Northern Chukotka peninsula 2010–2012 with comparisons to 1994–1996 and 2002–2005
Authors: V. Melnikov Vladimir , Zdor E.
Published: January 2023

This paper contains information on the seasonal distribution of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in coastal waters of Chukotka (northeast Russia) in 2010–2012. Data from shore-based observation posts provides spatial and temporal information about whale distribution and migration in the coastal zones, as well as information about their relative numbers. The spring migration was observed only from Uelen, Russia (66°N, 149°W), near the northwestern entrance to the Bering Strait, and extended from the end of May through the first half of June. Some year-to-year differences in numbers and migration dynamics were observed. During summer, bowhead whales were sighted in the waters of the northern coast of Chukotka Peninsula in July and August. In 2010–2012, single whales and small groups of up to 4–8 whales were observed in the area for days making non-directed movements. Our observations in 2010–2012 demonstrated that many bowhead whales visited Chukotka coast in the autumn (September) before sea ice formation. From past observations, it appears that the autumn migration begins 2–3 weeks earlier on the northwestern coast of the Chukotka Peninsula than in the (northern) entry of the Bering Strait. The autumn migration of bowhead whales began with ice formation and ended with the complete freezing of the waters. Ice conditions appear to drive high variability in timing of the bowhead autumn migration. The northeastern Chukotka coast is one of the most important feeding areas for the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort (BCB) bowhead whale population.
Spatial distribution of cetacean strandings in the Falkland Islands to define monitoring opportunities
Authors: Auge Amelie A. , Otley Hellen , Rendell Nick , F. Frans Veronica
Published: January 2023

The waters around the Falkland Islands are used by many species of cetaceans, including endangered and data deficient species, but little is knownabout their populations. The Falkland Islands cetacean stranding database was transformed in a geo-spatial database using the available descriptionsof the locations as no GPS locations were recorded until 2015. It was then used to analyse the spatial distribution of strandings over a periodspanning the 1880s to 2015. A total of 169 stranding events could be given a location and mapped. Twelve stranding hotspots were identified. Thispaper also reports on the first recorded stranding of false killer-whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)in the Falkland Islands, increasing the total species recorded to 26. Spatially-explicit cetacean stranding databases can provide important data tomonitor cetaceans in the light of environmental changes from climate change or industrial development. In the case of the Falkland Islands (remoteand sparsely inhabited), identification of hotspots could be used to design an aerial monitoring programme to increase chances of detecting strandingevents, organise a rescue or necropsy team to gain samples. The results in this paper should enhance local capacity to conduct research (samplecollection for pollutant analyses, genetic studies, etc.) and monitor impacts of human activities on cetacean populations, including from the historicalbaseline of average numbers and distribution of strandings provided.
Sixteen years later: an updated evaluation of the impacts of chronic human interactions with bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus truncatus) at Panama City, Florida, USA
Authors: R. Powell Jessica , F. Machernis Abigail , K. Mullen Laura , A. Farmer Nicholas , R. Spradlin Trevor
Published: January 2023

Panama City, Florida is considered a notorious ‘hot spot’ in the southeastern United States for chronic illegal feeding and harassment of bottlenosedolphins. The nature and extent of these interactions was evaluated by Samuels and Bejder (2004); they concluded that food provisioning was thebasis for human interactions with wild dolphins, and that these encounters were likely harmful to dolphins. A follow-up study was conducted in2014 to reassess the current state of human interactions with wild dolphins. The number of conditioned dolphins (n = 21) tripled compared to theprevious study. Both studies found conditioned dolphins engaged in human interaction events during approximately 75% of observable time pointswhen vessels or swimmers were present. In this study, conditioned dolphins spent as much as 81% of their time begging or patrolling and significantlydecreased their distance moved while doing so. Nested multinomial regression analysis revealed conditioned dolphins engaged in resting or foraging(i.e. natural) behaviour were extremely likely to switch to begging or patrolling (i.e. interaction) behaviours when vessels or swimmers were present.Numerous high risk situations were observed for both conditioned dolphins and humans during these interactions. The latest development in illegalfeeding was documented: bait boats feeding dolphins to lure the animals into interactions with tour vessels and swimmers. Our observations indicatethat the problem in Panama City has escalated: dolphins are being actively provisioned, often for long periods of time; the proportion of conditioneddolphins has increased; interacting dolphins and humans are both at increased risk for injury, illness, or death; and conditioned dolphin activitybudgets and movement patterns continue to be negatively impacted by human behaviour. We recommend a more aggressive management strategy,such as targeted and sustained enforcement of existing regulations as well as additional restrictions that prohibit close approaches and in-waterinteractions for Panama City in order to curtail continued harassment of dolphins and reduce the risk of injury for both humans and dolphins.
Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) occurrence off the Galapagos Islands, 1978-1995
Authors: M. Palacios Daniel
Published: January 2023

Twenty-three blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) sightings made in the vicinity of the Galipagos Islands (~00°S, 90°W) between1978-1995 are analysed. Blue whales occurred seasonally in the austral winter/spring months. A significant proportion of the sightings (13co 56.5%) had a tendency to occur on the same day or on consecutive days in a given year. Five (21.7%) of the sightings were of groupsof three or more individuals, Distribution was to the west and southwest of the Galipagos archipelago, where a plume of coo!,Uupwelling-enriched surface water with high planktonic biomass develops during this season. Blue whales were observed feeding on surfaceswarms of the euphuusiid Nyctiphanes simplex in 1993, Defecation was commonly seen, The external appearance of these whales suggeststhey were true blue whales (B.2. interniedia). Much of the evidence from this study suggests a Souther Hemisphere stock feeding westof the Gulipagos during the austral winter/spring months. Alternatively, they may' belong fo a presumed eastern tropical Pacific stack ofblue whales which exploits the productive habitars of the Cost Rica Dome and the Peruvian/Ecuadorian coast.
Trends in harbour porpoise abundance off central California, 1986-95: evidence for interannual changes in distribution?1
Authors: Forney K. A.
Published: January 2023

This paper presents an updated analysis of trends in the abundance of harbour porpoise, Phocvena phocoena, in central and northern California, for the period 1986-95, The most recent survey effort (1995) was comparable to previous years, and regional pattcms of density ‘were similar to those found on past surveys, with densities lowest south of Monterey Bay, intermediate from Monterey Bay to the Russian River and highest off northern California. An analysis of covariance model was constructed to test for a trend in abundance while accounting for tho effects of sea state, cloud cover and ares, The results are qualitatively similar to diose obtained for the 1986-93 time series, but encounter rates were higher in 1995, and the estimated rate of decline over the entire time period changed from 9.4% to 5.9% per year. The decreasing tend is no longer significant at « = 0.10 {p = 0.149). A power analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations revealed that power remains low to detect trends of less than 10% per year. Possible effects of oceanographic conditions, as measured by the September average sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTa), on porpoise abundance are investigated using (wo diferent techniques. Correlation tests indicate an inverse relationship between SSTa and relative porpoise abundance for the eigbl survey years. The corelation is greatest when considcring the change between survey years (decreases in relative abundance and increases in $STa), rather than the individual values of relative abundance and SSTa, An alternate, Poisson-based generalised additive model (GAM) of porpoise sighting rates in relation to area, sea state, cloud cover, year and SSTa indicates a significant, non-linear effect of sea surface temperature on porpoise sighting rates, with no significant year effect once SSTa is included. These results suggest that harbour porpoise may exhibit interannual movement in and out of the study area in relation to changing oceanographic conditions.
Examination of the reliability of catch statistics in the Japanese coastal sperm whale fishery
Authors: Kasuya Toshio
Published: January 2023

Catch statistics are important for the assessment of whale stocks. The paper reviews earlier questions over the reliability of statistics from. the Japanese land based sperm whale fishery, and presents some new information for the periods 1959-65 and 1983-84, The available data suggest that aspects of post-World War I statistics are unreliable to an unknown extent in terms of total numbers, length and sex ratio. The evel of unreliahility appears to vary by month, year and whaling company. Suggestions for furure work to try to determine the likely levels of unreliability are presented. This is important to enable an accurate assessment of the status of North Pacific sperm whales.
Trends in franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) stranding rates in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil (1979-1998)
Authors: Pinedo M.C. , Polacheck T.
Published: January 2023

For over twenty years incidental takes of the franciscana, Pontoporia blainvillei, in coastal artisanal gillnet fisheries have been documented from strandings in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil (29°20'S to 33°45'S). No direct measures of fishing effort exist for these artisanal gillnet fisheries. However, the fisheries are known to have increased substantially since the early 1980s. Indicative fishing effort in the artisanal bottom gillnet fishery was calculated from the available time series of CPUE from industrial trawl fisheries combined with estimates of the annual catch from the artisanal fisheries. The resulting time series indicates that effort was generally increasing throughout the period. Trends in stranding rates of franciscana were analysed for the 1979-1998 period from systematically collected data as part of a long-term beach monitoring programme for marine mammals. Strandings of franciscana generally occur during spring, from September to December. This is the main period when the artisanal bottom-tending gillnet fisheries are active. However, strandings have occurred in all months, indicating that at least some franciscanas remain in the area year-round. Strandings rates for the spring months were generally high during 1979-81, declined to relatively low levels during 1982-85, increased again until 1987 and subsequently declined, with perhaps some increase again in the most recent years. While clearly recognising the limitations of attempting to infer changes in abundance from strandings data, one of the most likely explanations for declining stranding rates in the face of substantially increasing fishing effort would be a decline in franciscana abundance. As such, the strandings rate trends in conjunction with the effort trends, are a matter of concern and the available information, while limited, suggests that an impact on the southern Brazil population may have occurred.
Limitaciones y factores de éxito del emprendimiento Femenino: una perspectiva costarricense
Authors: Sandoval Álvarez Carlos
Published: January 2023

Profundizamos en las historias de vida de mujeres emprendedoras de renombre para descubrir las motivaciones, limitaciones y factores de éxito del surgimiento del emprendimiento femenino exitoso. Mediante técnicas narrativas, realizamos tres entrevistas en profundidad a muy reconocidas y exitosas mujeres empresarias costarricenses. Nuestros hallazgos proporcionan evidencia empírica que sugiere que las motivaciones de las mujeres empresarias exitosas son universales. Además, las limitaciones de las mujeres emprendedoras muy exitosas son diversas, de las cuales se destacan como limitaciones relevantes, la necesidad de apoyo financiero, a falta de planificación estratégica, la burocracia falta de conocimiento en marketing, la reacción de los competidores. Además, nuestro estudio revela que los factores intangibles, es decir, el capital humano y social, son fundamentales para el crecimiento y consolidación de las empresas creadas y dirigidas por mujeres. Finalmente, nuestros resultados sugieren que las mujeres emprendedoras prefieren medir su éxito empresarial a través de aspectos emocionales y personales en lugar de métricas financieras o de mercado.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Minggu Buddha Se-DKI Jakarta
Authors: Riyadi Riyadi
Published: January 2023

Educational institutions or schools are complex institutions. Teachers are educators who have a direct relationship with their students and therefore play a very large and important role in teaching and learning activities. Therefore, to produce quality students, teachers must have good performance. The performance of Buddhist Sunday School teachers can be declared successful if they have achieved the work target. Factors that can have an impact on the performance of Buddhist teachers include: how to practice organizational culture, teacher discipline when carrying out their duties, and the results achieved by teachers in carrying out their roles.
Perinatal predictors of postpartum depression
Authors: Bonala Jaya Radha Madhavi , Bammidi Jaya Surya , Kirthana Boddu , Yelabilli Naveen Babu , Viriti Uma Sankar
Published: January 2023

Pregnancy is not only a period of immense pleasure for a woman; it is also a time of tremendous stress for her, both psychologically and physically. Even in healthy women, pregnancy can elicit a great deal of anxiety because of the uncertainty that arises with it. Obstetric complications related to pregnancy and deliveries affect the mother physically and mentally and are one of the prediction variables for postpartum depression. Obstetric factors include pregnancy related complications like hyperemesis, preeclampsia, eclampsia, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism,  early labour and contractions, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, placental abnormalities, anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and delivery-related complications, such as challenging and painful labor, caesarean section, instrumental delivery, premature delivery, and complicated postpartum-like excessive bleeding, have been researched as potential risk factors for PPD. For mothers, infant-related issues are often extremely stressful situations. PPD is more likely to occur among mothers of premature infants, mothers of infants with illnesses, disabilities, or distress, challenging temperaments, and mothers who may face stress in childcare and lack childcare competence.
Entre formación y certificación: el caso colombiano
Authors: Clavijo Olmos Sandra Bibiana
Published: January 2023

Este artículo presenta un estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico con el objetivo de indagar si los clientes de servicios de traducción en Colombia consideran el perfil del traductor al solicitar sus servicios. Enfocamos por tanto este estudio en el análisis de factores como formación profesional del traductor y certificación y en la manera como impactan en la demanda de los servicios de traducción. Utilizamos una encuesta como instrumento de recolección de información, aplicada de forma aleatoria a 88 clientes de traducción en Colombia, seleccionados al azar, bajo el criterio único de haber solicitado servicios de traducción. A partir de los resultados evidenciamos que un porcentaje significativo de los documentos que solicitan los clientes, corresponden a documentos oficiales, razón por la cual solicitan los servicios de un traductor oficial. Sin embargo, también encontramos que desconocen la diferencia entre traductor profesional y traductor certificado como oficial. Finalmente, sugerimos la creación de otras certificaciones de traducción de especialidad en Colombia, como la del traductor oficial, con el fin de ofrecer servicios de traducción profesional en diferentes lenguajes de especialidad. A su vez, sugerimos considerar la formación en Traducción como requisitos previos a la certificación de traductor oficial, haciendo que este sea realmente un traductor profesional.
“Foi lá para o pé de jaca”: Apropriação da memória social pelas crianças negras rurais
Authors: Corsino Pérez Beatriz , Thuns Biazzi Amanda
Published: January 2023

A transmissão intergeracional exerce um papel importante nas comunidades negras rurais para a manutenção das memórias sociais, dos saberes e das tradições que caracterizam suas relações com o território étnico-racial. Este artigo busca analisar as narrativas dos moradores mais velhos da comunidade de Cafuringa, no município de Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ, Brasil, assim como os diálogos intergeracionais e o papel das crianças na preservação da memória social. Para tal fim, discutimos os resultados de uma atividade de extensão, na qual foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove moradores da comunidade, assim como oficinas com cerca de trinta crianças e jovens. Notamos que diversas lendas foram contadas pelos mais velhos, que têm ligação com as tradições afro-brasileiras presentes na história da comunidade. Já as crianças demonstraram apropriação e atualização destas narrativas pelas conversas entre si, brincadeiras e desenhos. Observamos, a partir disto, a relação específica que a comunidade estabelece com seu território, os conflitos entre os valores do presente com as lembranças do passado, e o papel ativo que as crianças exercem para a manutenção da memória social.
Miradas, conflictos y convergencias sobre bienestar rural: Un estudio cualitativo en una comunidad de Valparaíso
Authors: Monreal-Álvarez Ma. Verónica , Valenzuela-Levi Felipe , Muñoz-Hernández Catalina , Cordeu-Lobos Camila
Published: January 2023

Los criterios e indicadores que definen la ruralidad son actualmente objeto de un amplio debate que pone de manifiesto las insuficiencias de la dicotomía urbano-rural. Fenómenos como la globalización, la migración y la reorientación económica productiva que se observa en los territorios rurales hacia sectores distintos al agrícola son de alto interés para las ciencias sociales. Con el fin de aportar elementos de reflexión en el diseño de políticas públicas de desarrollo rural, este estudio cualitativo busca comprender la relación entre la visión de los habitantes de las comunidades rurales y aquella de los responsables y ejecutores de políticas con influencia en el territorio y en el sector en esa misma localidad. La experiencia con la ruralidad, la relación con la naturaleza, el apoyo social y las perspectivas de la organización comunitaria en el territorio aparecen como ejes analíticos para la identificación de las diferencias entre los actores sociales involucrados respecto a las necesidades relacionadas con el bienestar social y ambiental. Los procesos psicológicos comunitarios son una característica de la dinámica social de las comunidades rurales, erigiéndose como un espacio crítico de diálogo entre el territorio y las políticas públicas.
El daño voluntariamente causado: una propuesta de reforma del artículo 76 de la Ley del contrato de seguro
Authors: Yzquierdo Tolsada Mariano
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el 1.er Premio «Estudios Financieros» 2022 en la modalidad de Derecho Civil y Mercantil.
La ley entiende, desde 2001, que «no se considerarán hechos de la circulación los derivados de la utilización del vehículo a motor como instrumento de la comisión de delitos dolosos contra las personas y los bienes». Después de décadas de jurisprudencia contradictoria, el legislador puso orden: si alguien toma un automóvil como arma homicida y, sustituyendo por él la navaja o el veneno, mata o lesiona intencionadamente a alguien, el siniestro no está cubierto por el seguro.
Pero la Sala 2.ª del Tribunal Supremo trata de encontrar argumentos para aplicar la regla al mínimo número de supuestos posible. Y sucede que en otros seguros de responsabilidad civil distintos de los de automóviles (y, señaladamente, los SRC profesionales), las espadas siguen en alto. A la espera de la aprobación de una nueva Ley de contrato de seguro es urgente que se modifique el artículo 76 en la misma línea en la que se modificó en 2001 el régimen del seguro de automóviles, a fin de que se comprenda que el derecho a repetir del asegurado lo que pagó por el hecho doloso de este no significa que, pronunciada una sentencia condenatoria y admitido en ella el dolo del asegurado, ello comporte la condena del asegurador. Antes bien, debe tratarse de un derecho de este a recuperar lo que pagó ignorando que el hecho había sido doloso. Solo así será cierto que el dolo no es asegurable en España, como no lo es en Alemania ni en Francia ni en Italia.
Populisme Islam dan Politik
Authors: Azra Azumardi
Published: January 2023

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir istilah ‘populisme Islam’ mulai menjadi wacana akademik di kalangan para ahli. Istilah itu digunakan untuk melihat fenomena politik Islam sejak terjadinya sejumlah aksi massa kalangan Muslim Indonesia pada akhir 2016, awal 2017, dan akhir 2018 yang semula terkait dengan Pilkada DKI Jakarta kemudianbelakangan dihubungkan dengan Pilpres 2019.

Penulis makalah ini sering mendapat pertanyaan tentang ‘populismeIslam’ Indonesia baik dari audiens dalam negeri maupun luarnegeri. Pertanyaan itu sering mengandung nada bahwa ‘populisme Islam’ tidak hanya akan menguasai politik, tapi juga arsitektur Islam Indonesia.
Формування кoн’юнктури свiтoвoго ринку меду: сучасний стан і перспективи для українських експортерів
Authors: Dankevych Vitalii , Dankevych Yevgen , Pyvovar Petro
Published: January 2023

Мета. Метою статті є вивчення специфіки експорту та імпорту меду в умовах лібералізації світової торгівлі. Методологія / методика / підхід. Теоретико-методичною основою дослідження є діалектичний метод пізнання економічних процесів, фундаментальні положення сучасної економічної теорії, законодавчі акти України, наукові праці вітчизняних і зарубіжних учених щодо економіки аграрного ринку в цілому та ринку продукції бджільництва зокрема. Для досягнення поставленої мети й вирішення завдань у науковому дослідженні використовували різноманітні методи: абстрактно-логічний – під час вивчення теоретичних основ та формування висновків щодо розвитку ринку продукції бджільництва, статистичний – для дослідження динаміки розвитку світового та вітчизняного ринку продукції бджільництва, порівняльний – під час вивчення економічних явищ шляхом зіставлення фактичних даних за окремі роки, розрахунково-конструктивний, графічний – для наочного зображення тенденцій і змін економічних явищ, експертних оцінок – для вивчення впливу якісних факторів на функціонування ринку продукції бджільництва, кореляційно-регресійного аналізу та економічного моделювання – для створення моделі ринку меду й здійснення прогнозу щодо дальшого його розвитку. Результати. Розглянуто сучасний стан і тенденції розвитку кон’юнктури на світовому ринку меду. Визначено внутрішні та зовнішні фактори, що впливають на конкурентоспроможність вітчизняної продукції. Виокремлено основних гравців на світовому ринку меду. Визначено основні фактори, що впливають на обсяг експорту меду з України. Оригінальність / наукова новизна. Досліджено стан галузі бджільництва в контексті виробництва меду, наявності бджолиних колоній та їх продуктивності в різних організаційно-правових формах господарювання. Окреслено експортний потенціал галузі бджільництва України на світовому ринку. Практична цінність / значущість. Оцінено конкурентні позиції вітчизняної галузі бджільництва порівняно із основними країнами-конкурентами. Установлено частку українського меду в загальному експорті основних країн партнерів. Побудовано кореляційну карту факторів, що впливають на ефективність експорту вітчизняного меду.
Darolutamide (Nubeqa)
Authors: CADTH
Published: January 2023

CADTH recommends that Nubeqa should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) if certain conditions are met.

Nubeqa should only be covered to treat patients with mCSPC who are eligible for chemotherapy and are in relatively good health (i.e., have good performance status). Patients should not have received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for metastatic disease for more than 6 months, completed ADT for nonmetastatic disease within the past year, or received other prior systemic therapies for mCSPC.

Nubeqa should only be reimbursed if used in combination with docetaxel and ADT and should not be given with other anticancer drugs. It should be prescribed by an oncologist with expertise in the management of prostate cancer, and the price of Nubeqa should be reduced.
Evolution and chemical characteristics of organic aerosols during wintertime PM2.5 episodes in Shanghai, China: Insights gained from online measurements of organic molecular markers
Authors: Zhu Shuhui , Zhou Min , Qiao Liping , Huang Dan Dan , Wang Qiongqiong , Wang Shan , Gao Yaqin , Jing Shengao , Wang Qian , Wang Hongli , Chen Changhong , Huang Cheng , Yu Jian Zhen
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) is a significant part of urban fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and a lack of detailed knowledge of their sources has increasingly hindered the improvement of air quality in China in recent years as significant reductions have been achieved in inorganic ion constituents. In this study, a wide range of organic molecular markers in PM2.5 were monitored with a bihourly time resolution using a Thermal desorption Aerosol Gas chromatograph system (TAG) in urban Shanghai in winter 2019. The molecular marker data have provided a unique source tracking ability in characterizing the evolution of organic aerosols during nine wintertime episodic events. Episodes primarily influenced by local air masses were characterized with higher proportions and mass increments of secondary OA. Rapid elevation in both absolute mass concentration and relative proportion was observed for primary and secondary OA markers indicative of vehicle emissions (e.g., alkanes, hopanes, and 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid), as well as cooking activities (e.g., saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and C9 acids). In comparison, episodes under significant influences of transported air mass were typically associated with a predominant PM2.5 contribution from secondary inorganic aerosols and enhanced OA contribution from biomass burning activities. The latter was evident from the tracer data (e.g., levoglucosan, aromatic polycarboxylic acids, and nitro-aromatic compounds). Secondary OA markers associated with later generation products of hydrocarbon oxidation process, such as C3–5 dicarboxylic acids, were the most deficient during local episodes while notably enhanced during the episodes under influence of transported air masses, reflecting different extent and pathways of atmospheric aging processing. The ability of distinguishing the variations of OA evolution during different types of episodes demonstrates the value of online organic molecular measurements to episodic analysis. The results indicate that control of local urban sources such as vehicular and cooking emissions would lessen severity of local episodes while regional control of precursors for secondary inorganic aerosols and biomass burning activities would reduce PM2.5 episodes under synoptic conditions conducive for regional transport.
Potential mapping method for the steady-state magnetosheath model
Authors: Narita Yasuhito , Toepfer Simon , Schmid Daniel
Published: January 2023

Abstract. We present the potential mapping method which is a model of steady-state flow velocity and magnetic field in the empirical magnetosheath domain. The method makes use of a coordinate transformation from the empirical magnetosheath domain into the parabolic magnetosheath domain, and evaluate a set of the shell variable and the connector variable to utilize the solution of Laplace equation obtained for the parabolic magnetosheath domain. Our model uses two invariants of transformation: the zenith angle in the magnetosheath and the ratio of the distance to the magnetopause to the thickness of magnetosheath along the magnetopause-normal direction. The plasma flow and magnetic field can be determined as a function of the upstream condition (flow velocity or magnetic field) in a wider range of zenith angle. The potential mapping method is computationally inexpensive by using the analytic expression as much as possible, is applicable to the planetary magnetosheath domains.
A global compilation of diatom silica oxygen isotope records from lake sediment – trends, and implications for climate reconstruction
Authors: Meister Philip , Alexandre Anne , Bailey Hannah , Barker Philip , Biskaborn Boris K. , Broadman Ellie , Cartier Rosine , Chapligin Bernhard , Couapel Martine , Dean Jonathan R. , Diekmann Bernhard , Harding Poppy , Henderson Andrew C. G. , Hernandez Armand , Herzschuh Ulrike , Kostrova Svetlana S. , Lacey Jack , Leng Melanie J. , Lücke Andreas , Mackay Anson W. , Magyari Eniko Katalin , Narancic Biljana , Porchier Cécile , Rosqvist Gunhild , Shemesh Aldo , Sonzogni Corinne , Swann George E. A. , Sylvestre Florence , Meyer Hanno
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Oxygen isotopes in biogenic silica (δ18OBSi) from lake sediments allow for quantitative reconstruction of past hydroclimate and proxy–model comparison in terrestrial environments. The signals of individual records have been attributed to different factors, such as air temperature (Tair), atmospheric circulation patterns, hydrological changes and lake evaporation. While every lake will have its own set of drivers of d18O, here we explore the extent to which regional or even global signals emerge from a series of palaeoenvironmental records. For this purpose, we have identified and compiled 71 down–core records published to date and complemented these datasets with additional lake basin parameters (e.g. lake water residence time and catchment size) to best characterize the signal properties. Records feature widely different temporal coverage and resolution ranging from decadal–scale records covering the last 150 years to records with multi–millennial scale resolution spanning glacial–interglacial cycles. Best coverage in number of records (N = 37) and datapoints (N = 2112) is available for northern hemispheric (NH) extra–tropic regions throughout the Holocene (corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage 1; MIS 1). To address the different variabilities and temporal offsets, records were brought to a common temporal resolution by binning and subsequently filtered for hydrologically open lakes with lake water residence times < 100 yrs. For mid– to high–latitude (> 45° N) lakes, we find common δ18OBSi patterns during both the Holocene and the Common Era and maxima and minima corresponding to known climate episodes such as the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), Neoglacial Cooling, Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). These patterns are in line with long–term Tair changes supported by previously published climate reconstructions from other archives as well as Holocene summer insolation changes. In conclusion, oxygen isotope records from NH extratopic lake sediments feature a common climate signal at centennial (for CE) and millennial (for Holocene) time scales despite stemming from different lakes in different geographic locations and constitute a valuable proxy for past climate reconstructions.
Earthworm-invaded boreal forest soils harbour distinct microbial communities
Authors: Lejoly Justine , Quideau Sylvie , Laganière Jérôme , Karst Justine , Martineau Christine , Swallow Mathew , Norris Charlotte , Samad Abdul
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Earthworm invasion in North American forests has the potential to greatly impact soil microbial communities by altering soil physicochemical properties, including structure, pH, nutrient availability, and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. While most research on the topic has been carried out in northern temperate forests, little is known on the impact of invasive earthworms on soil microbial communities in the boreal forest, a region characterized by a slower decay of organic matter (OM). Earthworm activities can increase OM mineralization, altering nutrient cycling and biological activity in a biome where low carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) availability is typically limiting microbial and plant growth. Here, we characterized and compared microbial communities of earthworm-invaded and non-invaded soils in previously described sites across three major soil types found in the Canadian boreal forest using a space-for-time approach. Microbial communities of forest floors and surface mineral soils were characterized using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA gene, for bacteria and archaea, and ITS2 region for fungi. In forest floors, the effects of earthworm invasion were minor. In mineral soil horizons, earthworm invasion was associated with higher fungal biomass and greater relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Oligotrophic bacteria (Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi) were less abundant in invaded mineral soils, where Gram(+) : Gram(−) ratios were also lower, while the opposite was observed for the copiotrophic Bacteroidota. Additionally, earthworm-invaded mineral soils harboured higher fungal and bacterial species diversity and richness. Considering the important role of soil microbial communities for ecosystem functioning, such earthworm-induced shifts in their community composition are likely to impact nutrient cycling, as well as vegetation development and forest productivity at a large scale as the invasion progresses in these boreal systems.
The land–atmosphere feedback observatory: a new observational approach for characterizing land–atmosphere feedback
Authors: Späth Florian , Rajtschan Verena , Weber Tobias K. D. , Morandage Shehan , Lange Diego , Abbas Syed Saqlain , Behrendt Andreas , Ingwersen Joachim , Streck Thilo , Wulfmeyer Volker
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Important topics in land–atmosphere (L–A) feedback research are water and energy balances and heterogeneities of fluxes at the land surface and in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). To target these questions, the Land–Atmosphere Feedback Observatory (LAFO) has been installed in southwestern Germany. The instrumentation allows comprehensive and high-resolution measurements from the bedrock to the lower free troposphere. Grouped into three components, atmosphere, soil and land surface, and vegetation, the LAFO observation strategy aims for simultaneous measurements in all three compartments. For this purpose the LAFO sensor synergy contains lidar systems to measure the atmospheric key variables of humidity, temperature and wind. At the land surface, eddy covariance stations are operated to record the energy distribution of radiation, sensible, latent and ground heat fluxes. Together with a water and temperature sensor network, the soil water content and temperature are monitored in the agricultural investigation area. As for vegetation, crop height, leaf area index and phenological growth stage values are registered. The observations in LAFO are organized into operational measurements and
intensive observation periods (IOPs). Operational measurements aim for long
time series datasets to investigate statistics, and we present as an example the correlation between mixing layer height and surface fluxes. The potential of IOPs is demonstrated with a 24 h case study using dynamic and thermodynamic profiles with lidar and a surface layer observation that uses the scanning differential absorption lidar to relate atmospheric humidity patterns to soil water structures. Both IOPs and long-term observations will provide new insight into exchange
processes and their statistics for improving the representation of L–A feedbacks in climate and numerical weather prediction models. The lidar component in particular will support the investigation of coupling to the
atmosphere.
Dynamic Meteorology-Induced Emissions Coupler (MetEmis) development in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ): CMAQ-MetEmis
Authors: Baek Bok H. , Coats Carlie , Ma Siqi , Wang Chi-Tsan , Xing Jia , Tong Daniel , Kim Soontae , Woo Jung-Hun
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The main focus of this study is to develop a dynamic-coupling “inline” air quality modeling system for the meteorology-induced emissions with simulated meteorological data. To improve the spatiotemporal representations and accuracy of onroad vehicle emissions, which are largely senstivie to local meteorology, we developed the “inline” coupler module called “MetEmis” for Meteorology-Induced Emission sources within the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) version 5.3.2 modeling system. It can dynamically estimate meteorology-induced hourly gridded emissions within the CMAQ modeling system using modeled meteorology. The CMAQ air quality modeling system is applied over the continental U.S. for two months (January and July 2019) for two emissions scenarios: a) current “offline” based onroad vehicle emissions, and b) “inline” CMAQ-MetEmis onroad vehicle emissions. Overall, the “MetEmis” coupler allows us to dynamically simulate onroad vehicle emissions from the MOVES onroad emission model for CMAQ with a better spatio-temporal representation compared to the “offline” scenario based on static temporal profiles. With an instance interpolation calculation approach, the new “inline” approach significantly enhances the computational efficiency and accuracy of estimating mobile source emissions, compared to the existing “offline” approach that yields almost identical hourly emission estimation. The domain total of daily VOC emissions from the “inline” scenario shows the largest impacts from the local meteorology, which is approximately 10 % lower than the ones from the “offline” scenario. Especially, the major difference of VOC estimates was shown over the California region. These local meteorology impacts on onroad vehicle emissions via CMAQ-MetEmis revealed an improvement in hourly NO2, daily maximum ozone, and daily average PM2.5 patterns with a higher agreement and correlation with daily ground observations.