bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Proposed Implementing Agreement: Options for Coherence and Consistency in the Establishment of Protected Areas beyond National Jurisdiction
Authors: Tladi Dire
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this article is to provide initial thoughts on potential conflicts between the mandates of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (rfmos) and any mechanisms for establishing Marine Protected Areas in the high seas and how these conflicts might be avoided. The article addresses first, whether the fears that may exist concerning the conflicts are, as a matter of international law, real and to the extent that they are real, how an Implementing Agreement (ia) might be shaped to avoid them. As the article is intended to provide only initial thoughts, the range of rfmos and possible conflicts are only illustrative and are not intended to be comprehensive. With the potential conflicts in mind, the article then provides, in the third section, possible approaches that the drafters of the ia could adopt to avoid and/or mitigate these conflicts. Finally, the article offers some concluding remarks.
‘A Hopeful Transmission’: Searching for Citizenship beyond the State
Authors: Kruma Kristine
Published: November 2015

The article discusses the status of eu citizenship which has been proclaimed to be a ‘fundamental status’ in eu law. The hypothesis is that this allows the eu to re-investigate its approach in treating eu citizens who might not availed themselves to explore free movement rights. In this context the application to ‘purely internal situations’ is examined along with invocation of fundamental rights according to Articles 18, 20 and 21 tfeu. Furthermore, the article focuses on instances of cases in which ‘systemic violations of substance of eu citizens rights’ have occurred. In this context the possibilities for the eu to introduce systemic monitoring of fundamental rights is analysed. The approach to eu citizenship is described as an ‘open or evolving concept’. Proposals are made on how the fundamental rights aspect in elaborating eu citizenship concept should be strengthened.
Mahālakṣmī
Authors: Rastelli Marion
Published: November 2015

The paper examines a narrative transmitted in chapter 49 of the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā, a South Indian Pāñcarātra text from the 13th century. This narrative provides an example of how the goddess Lakṣmī and her worship were integrated into Vaiṣṇava traditions.

In the theological sections of the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā, Lakṣmī has a clearly defined role as Viṣṇu’s consort and as the śakti that becomes active in order to create the world for him. In the narrative in chapter 49, however, traces are visible of Mahālakṣmī being conceived as a supreme, independent goddess. An attempt has been made to obscure this through a eulogy (stotra) to the goddess depicting her as mighty but nevertheless subordinate to Viṣṇu, and by the narrative being placed in a set of five individual stories about kings which describe the sudarśanamantra as an effective means in cases of peril.
Capital and Philanthropy
Authors: Clark Morgan , Huang Chien-Chung
Published: November 2015

This paper examines charitable giving from wealthy individuals in both the United States and China. It assesses the motivations of wealthy donors and analyzes the donation trends from the top fifty philanthropists in the last decade in both countries. The data depicts that in both the United States and China, asset size increases more rapidly than donation rates over time. Capitalism offers a possible way to advance social development; however, increasing income inequality may damage the advancement. While substantial philanthropic engagement from wealthy individuals may be an important mechanism to balance capitalism and income inequality, the data indicates that collective sharing of capital continues to have room to further develop.
Seeking Self-Governance: From Grassroots Mobilization to Movement Mobilization
Authors: Luo Jing , Zhang Chao
Published: November 2015

Villagers’ autonomy has been an important focus of Chinese studies on village governance and examining how villagers gain autonomy is critical to the addressing of villages’ problems. Based on the Wukan case, this paper examines why the villagers demanded democratic elections and how they acquire self-governance to run the village together through the efforts to express their collective interests. Focusing on the mobilization path, this paper argues that the process leading to self-governance involves the mobilization of organizational resources such as village elites and organizational structure as well as the “emotional resource” of cohesion, i.e. a sense of identity as part of an organization. Furthermore, self-governance acquired through mobilization only works when there is a proper organizational framework for its operation, otherwise it will become latent again.
Visual-Somatosensory Integration in Older Adults: Links to Sensory Functioning
Authors: Dumas Kristina , Holtzer Roee , Mahoney Jeannette R.
Published: November 2015

Research investigating multisensory integration (MSI) processes in aging is scarce, but converging evidence for larger behavioral MSI effects in older compared to younger adults exists. The current study employed a three-prong approach to determine whether inherent age-related sensory processing declines were associated with larger (i.e., worse) visual-somatosensory (VS) reaction time (RT) facilitation effects. Non-demented older adults (; mean age = 77 years; 55% female) without any medical or psychiatric conditions were included. Participants were instructed to make speeded foot-pedal responses as soon as they detected visual, somatosensory, or VS stimulation. Visual acuity was assessed using the Snellen test while somatosensory sensitivity was determined using vibration thresholds. The aims of the current study were to: (1) replicate a reliable MSI effect; (2) investigate the effect of unisensory functioning on VS RT facilitation; and (3) determine whether sensory functioning combination groups manifested differential MSI effects. Results revealed a significant VS RT facilitation effect that was influenced by somatosensory sensitivity but not visual acuity. That is, older adults with poor somatosensory sensitivity demonstrated significantly larger MSI effects than those with intact somatosensory sensitivity. Additionally, a significant interaction between stimulus condition and sensory functioning group suggested that the group with poor visual acuity and poor somatosensory functioning demonstrated the largest MSI effect compared to the other groups. In summary, the current study reveals that worse somatosensory functioning is associated with larger MSI effects in older adults. To our knowledge, this is first study to identify potential mechanisms behind increased RT facilitation in aging.
Oxymetazoline Applied Topically to the Nasal Mucosa Decreases Trans-Mucosal Nitrous Oxide Exchange for the Middle Ear
Authors: Teixeira Miriam S. , Alper Cuneyt M. , Martin Brian S. , Helal Narmin , Doyle Brendan M. Cullen , Doyle William J.
Published: November 2015

Objective:

Determine if the middle ear (ME) trans-mucosal nitrous oxide (N2O) gas exchange rate can be pharmacologically modulated by the nasal application of a vasoconstrictor.

Methods:

In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 20 adults received a nasal spray challenge containing either oxymetazoline or saline (placebo). At each session, subjects were fitted with a non-rebreathing mask and breathed room air for 20 minutes, 50% N2O:50% O2 for 20 minutes, and 100% O2 for 10 minutes. Throughout, heart rate, blood pressure (BP), and blood O2 saturation were monitored, and bilateral ME pressure was recorded by tympanometry every minute. The primary outcome measure was the slope of the ME pressure-time function for the experimental period, a direct measure of the transMEM N2O exchange constant. The effects of treatment, session, and period on the measured vital signs and of treatment, session, disease history, and ear on the ME pressure-time slopes were evaluated for statistical significance using repeated measures ANOVAs.

Results:

The analysis documented a significant effect of period on O2 saturation (N2O > room air, P = .03) and of treatment on blood pressure (oxymetazoline > placebo, P < .02) and the ME pressure-time slope (placebo > oxymetazoline, P = .05).

Conclusion:

The exchange rate across the ME mucosa of inert gases can be decreased by topical treatment of the nasal mucosa with oxymetazoline.
A Controlled, Randomized Clinical Study on the Impact of Treatment on Antral Mucociliary Clearance
Authors: Bizaki Argyro J. , Numminen Jura , Taulu Rami , Rautiainen Markus
Published: November 2015

Objectives:

To find out the effect of minimal invasive sinus surgery and balloon sinuplasty on mucociliary clearance and compare different methods of measuring mucociliary clearance.

Methods:

Twenty-nine patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were randomized in 2 operative groups (uncinectomy or balloon sinuplasty). Before and 6 months after the treatment, patients filled out a quality of life questionnaire (Sino Nasal Outcome Test-22 [SNOT-22]), and mucociliary clearance was measured with endoscope and gamma camera after 0.03 ml of saccharine, methylene-blue dye, and human albumin labeled with Tc99m was introduced to the bottom of maxillary sinuses.

Results:

In uncinectomy group, SNOT-22 score decreased, but treatment had no effect on mucociliary clearance. Based on saccharine test, smoking was associated with worse mucociliary clearance (r = 0.618, P < .05). Methylene blue test results associated with saccharine test (r = 0.434, P < .05) and Tc99m-labeled tracer technique (r = 0.261, P = .039) separately.

Conclusion:

Treatment positively affects patients’ quality of life; however, it has no effect on mucociliary clearance. There was a statistically significant correlation between the Tc99m-labeled tracer technique and the methylene blue technique. The saccharine technique was even less accurate, but it can be useful in clinical practice because it is a quick, easy, and safe technique.
Glottic Cancer
Authors: Zeitels Steven M.
Published: November 2015

Objective:

Conventional wisdom is that the overwhelming majority of glottic cancer patients have a smoking history. However, in recent years observations suggested that an increasing number of glottic cancer patients had never been smokers. Therefore, an investigation was done examining the incidence of having a smoking history in a recent cohort of glottic cancer patients.

Method:

Retrospective review of 100 patients with glottic cancer to determine those reporting never having smoked.

Results:

Thirty-one of 100 did not have a smoking history. Clinical observations of those cases revealed that the disease morphology tended to be exophytic, papillary, and very vascular, often resembling recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Remarkably, 2 of 31 were initially treated elsewhere assuming they had RRP and underwent 5 cidofovir injections. Both presented with advanced cancer, and the disease growth markedly accelerated coincident with the injections.

Conclusions:

Observations herein provide new insights that glottic cancer may be an evolving disease in which smoking is less exclusive, not unlike HPV-induced pharynx cancer. Similar to RRP, the angiogenic papillary disease morphology is well suited for voice-preserving angiolytic KTP laser treatment. Given the resemblance of some glottic cancers to RRP, great care should be taken when using cidofovir for papillary glottic neoplasms.
Institutional Forces Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility Behavior of the Chinese Food Industry
Authors: Zuo Wei , Schwartz Mark S. , Wu Yuju
Published: November 2015

Food safety problems in China, such as deadly tainted milk, have attracted growing attention from a corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective. To examine the forces that potentially drive CSR behavior within the Chinese food industry, our study is organized as follows. First, a review is conducted on the unique history of CSR in China as well as some of the major Chinese food scandals that have taken place. The primary drivers of CSR in China that have been suggested in the literature are then summarized. Next, new institutional theory perspectives are drawn upon to analyze three forces that potentially affect the behavior of Chinese firms: (a) coercive isomorphism, (b) mimetic processes, and (c) normative pressures. Based on a questionnaire survey of 164 Chinese managers and employees, the CSR behavior of firms operating in the Chinese food industry is found to only be significantly affected by the institutional factor of normative pressures. The study concludes with its limitations as well as the implications of the findings.
Effect of novel UV-curing approach on thermo-mechanical properties of colored epoxy composites in outsized dimensions
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Yang Jinliang , Yang Haitao , Jun Nie , Bongiovanni Roberta
Published: November 2015

In couple of years, epoxy UV curing has emerged as a necessity, yet it has some limitations, e.g. little curing conversion of thick films, especially with colored additives. Thick dimensions do not allow radiation to penetrate into the sample. Moreover, colored additives cover photoinitiators and reduce their efficiency. Therefore, UV-cured epoxy composites survive only in thin layers. Current research has resolved the issue, through a unique “smart approach,” which resolves the problem by separating the initiation step of the reaction (which is true photo-induced reaction) from the propagation (which is not directly dependent on light). This approach completely photo-cures epoxy thick films with colored additives. Superb filler dispersion has been observed, along with strongly interconnected polymeric network. Augmentation in thermo-mechanical properties has been observed through different instrumental techniques.
Human Cultures as Niche Constructions Within the Solar System
Authors: Van de Vliert Evert
Published: November 2015

This commentary seeks to refine Kashima’s timely and topical but too general call for embedding culture within the planetary ecosystem. My starting point is that cultures are to an underestimated extent ongoing niche constructions within the merry-go-round of the Sun’s radiation, the Earth’s rotation around its axis, and the resulting cold and hot seasons. Among the downstream consequences are clear connections between warm-blooded life and culture; between winter cold, summer heat, and culture; and, conversely, between culture and global warming. Cultural inventions of monetary resources have come to influence further culture creation on the foundation of seasonal solar heat. The odds are that climato-economic engineering of culture is just around the corner.
Skin suicide note written in mehndi (henna)
Authors: Behera Chittaranjan , Swain Rajanikanta , Bhardwaj Daya Nand , Millo Tabin
Published: November 2015

Suicide messages on the skin are rare. Until now, in all reported cases, the writing tool used by the victims has been a pen. We report a suicide case by hanging in which the victim had written a note on her palm in mehndi, or henna, at a wedding ceremony three days before the fatal act. The note was discovered at autopsy.
The effect of hemoperfusion on patients with toxic encephalopathy induced by silkworm chrysalis ingestion
Authors: Hu Haixia , Wang Xu , Lv Jiaqi , Sun Jing , Xing Jihong , Liu Xiaoliang
Published: November 2015

This study aims to determine therapeutic effect of hemoperfusion on patients with acute toxic encephalopathy induced by silkworm chrysalis ingestion. Three patients who developed toxic encephalopathy after chrysalis ingestion were analysed. Two patients lost their consciousness, while two patients had typical extrapyramidal tremor symptoms. Further neurological examination revealed various degrees of muscle strength impairment in these patients. All of them received treatments of omeprazole (40 mg/day), furosemide (one dose of 20 mg), vitamin C (2.0 g/day), calcium gluconate (2.0 g/day) and rehydration with glucose and sodium chloride (1500 ml/day). In addition, they received hemoperfusion treatment for 1.5 h. All patients recovered well after hemoperfusion. Two patients with loss of consciousness significantly recovered at 45 min and 65 min after hemoperfusion, respectively. All tremor symptoms were completely resolved in these patients at 30 min, 50 min, and 70 min following treatment, respectively. After the hemoperfusion treatment, encephalopathy symptoms of two patients had completely disappeared. All patients were followed up for one month and did not report any abnormalities. Our study indicates that hemoperfusion could be a useful and efficient treatment strategy for patients with acute encephalopathy after silkworm chrysalis ingestion. Larger clinical trials with longer follow-up are warranted to confirm the clinical benefit of hemoperfusion.
Autologous blood clot embolisation in posttraumatic high-flow priapism
Authors: Akpinar Suha , Yilmaz Güliz
Published: November 2015

Non-ischemic, high-flow priapism is defined as the state of painless and permanent erection of the penis which generally develops by perineal trauma. Selective transarterial embolisation is one of the treatment options. We present an 18-year-old men who had complaints of painless and permanent erection after a blunt perineal trauma. Colour Doppler ultrasound revealed a pseudoaneurysm and fistula at the left cavernosal artery. Hence autologous blood clot injection was performed to embolise the pseudoaneurysm. Due to the recanalization on the postprocedural seventh day, second embolisation was performed. One month after the second procedure, colour Doppler ultrasound revealed a 50% shrink but mild refilling in the pseudoaneurysm, whereas complete thrombus formation was observed on follow-up imaging. His priapism had fully recovered and erectile functions were totally normal at the six months and one year follow up. Autologous blood clot embolisation seems as a safe and successful treatment.
Violence at the Box Office
Authors: Barranco Raymond E. , Rader Nicole E. , Smith Anna
Published: November 2015

The negative effects of violent content in movies have recently been a hot topic among both researchers and the general public. Despite growing concern, violence in movies has persisted over time. Few studies have examined why this pattern continues. To fill this gap in the literature, we examine how Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) movie rating descriptors predict ticket sales of 2,094 movies from 1992 to 2012. We test the validity of three theoretical models: (1) the reflective model, (2) the reactance model, and (3) the market model. We find that violent content is linked neither to violence in the broader U.S. culture (i.e., the reflective model) nor to a psychological reactance by adolescents (i.e., the reactance model). Rather, we find, especially among PG-13 (parents strongly cautioned) movies, that violent content leads to increased ticket sales, suggesting that market demand (i.e., audience preferences) is responsible for continued violent content. We discuss the implications of our findings.
Teleological talk in parent–child conversations in Quechua
Authors: Gelman Susan A. , Mannheim Bruce , Escalante Carmen , Sanchez Tapia Ingrid
Published: November 2015

Southern Peruvian Quechua is an indigenous language spoken primarily in rural communities in the Peruvian Andes. The language includes a syntactic construction, ‘ -paq’, that expresses purpose or function, thus providing an opportunity to trace how parents and children with little formal education express teleological concepts. The authors recorded parent–child dyads ( N = 36; children aged 3–5 years) talking about items in a picture book, and coded uses of - paq (e.g., ‘What is that little [toy] bear for?’ [‘Chay usuchari imapaqtaq?’]. For younger children (3–4 years) and their parents, - paq was infrequent and equivalent across domains. For older children (5-year-olds) and their parents, - paq increased dramatically and differentially by domain (most commonly produced for artifacts, food, and animals). These results provide new evidence that speaks to existing developmental accounts regarding the domain-specificity vs. domain-generality of teleological concepts in development.
Communicative intentions of child-directed speech in three different learning environments: Observations from the Netherlands, and rural and urban Mozambique
Authors: Vogt Paul , Mastin J. Douglas , Schots Diede M. A.
Published: November 2015

This article compares the communicative intentions observed in the speech addressed to children of 1;1 and 1;6 years old from three cultural communities: the Netherlands, rural Mozambique, and urban Mozambique. These communities represent two prototypical learning environments and a third hybrid: Western, urban, middle-class families; non-Western, rural, subsistence-farming families; and non-Western, urban learning environment. The results show that the Dutch CDS contains relatively more utterances with a cognitive intention than the Mozambican CDS. In Mozambique, CDS contains more imperatives, particularly in the rural environment. The CDS from urban Mozambique contains more socioemotional intentions. The findings suggest that these differences can be explained in terms of the different responsibilities and levels of autonomy expected from children of the three learning environments.
Validity and Reliability of GraphClick and DataThief III for Data Extraction
Authors: Flower Andrea , McKenna John William , Upreti Gita
Published: November 2015

Researchers frequently rely on meta-analyses of prior research studies to efficiently evaluate a broad spectrum of results on a particular topic. In the realm of single-subject experimental designs (SSEDs), meta-analyses have a particular cachet: retaining the rigor of single-subject designs with the added robustness of replication to more fully determine the strength of a given approach or intervention. Until recently, researchers wishing to undertake meta-analytic research themselves have had limited options for synthesizing the intervention effects of a collection of studies. Researchers consistently use two software programs, DataThief III and GraphClick, to conduct meta-analytic work using SSEDs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the validity and reliability of the results yielded by each of these programs when evaluating the results of multiple research studies on the Good Behavior Game, a classroom-based intervention that has been in practice since 1969. Study findings suggest that both GraphClick and DataThief III provide valid methods of data extraction. In addition, both programs allow for reliable extraction of data between raters and between software programs. Limitations and directions for future research are explored.
It’s the End of the World and I Feel Fine
Authors: Lifshin Uri , Greenberg Jeff , Weise David , Soenke Melissa
Published: November 2015

Five studies tested the effects that soul beliefs have on reactions to end-of-the-world scenarios. In Studies 1 and 2, participants who firmly believe in an immortal soul showed less resistance to an article predicting the end of humanity than those without such belief. However, in Studies 3 to 5, thoughts of symbolic immortality made soul believers more resistant to scientific evidence predicting the end of humanity. These results suggest that belief in an immortal soul provides psychological protection against the threat of humanity’s demise that does not hold for symbolic immortality beliefs.
Encompassing Stability and Novelty in Organization Studies: An Events-based Approach
Authors: Hussenot Anthony , Missonier Stéphanie
Published: November 2015

The stability versus novelty relationship remains a conundrum in organization studies, partly owing to conventional views of time and temporality. In this article, we address organization as a stability-novelty intertwinement through the lens of organizational events. The advantage of an events-based approach is that stability and novelty are expressed as parts of the same acts, and not different acts, which tends to be the assumption among mainstream theories of organization change. The events-based approach developed for this article shows how the organization may be defined as a structure of past and anticipated events, defined and redefined on an ongoing basis. From a case study of the development of a competency management tool in a bank, we show how the intertwinement between stability and novelty is articulated through events throughout the project and how every event is both an act of stability and an act of change.
Regime legitimation, elite cohesion and the durability of autocratic regime types
Authors: Kailitz Steffen , Stockemer Daniel
Published: November 2015

We present a theory that addresses the question of why autocracies with a regime legitimation which ties the destiny of the members of the ruling elite, namely the nobility or ideocratic elite, to the survival of the autocracy, namely (ruling) monarchies and communist ideocracies, are more durable than other kinds of autocracies. Using logistic regression analysis and event history analysis on a dataset on autocratic regimes in the period 1946 to 2009, we are able to show that ruling monarchies and communist ideocracies are indeed the most durable autocratic regime types.
Primary pulmonary monophasic synovial sarcoma: Evading diagnosis
Authors: Taylor Marcus , Srinivasan Lakshmi , Abid Qamar
Published: November 2015

Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma is a very rare tumor, thus there is no consensus as to the most appropriate management. A 78-year-old man presented with nonspecific symptoms of weight loss and shortness of breath. Imaging confirmed a large right-sided mass and accompanying pleural effusion. Strong 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was found on positron-emission tomography. The preoperative work-up and intraoperative frozen section were inconclusive. Immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis of primary pulmonary monophasic synovial sarcoma.
The political economy of urban climate adaptation and development planning in Surat, India
Authors: Chu Eric
Published: November 2015

This paper argues for a political economic approach to understanding climate change adaptation and development planning in an urban context. Based on field research conducted in Surat, India, across a period of two years, I illustrate how climate adaptation is rooted in preexisting and contextually specific urban political relationships that can be traced through the city's developmental history. Through assessing Surat's experience with recent industrialization, episodes of natural disasters, to more recent engagement with the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network, I highlight how adaptation planning, as well as how adaptation is integrated into urban development planning, occurs through processes of prioritizing adaptation against development needs and implementing options that are cocreated among public and civic actors. This case empirically shows how adaptation is mainstreamed into urban development planning, illustrates the trade-offs associated with how different urban actors plan and implement adaptation in the context of rapid industrialization, and assesses how internationally funded adaptation programs are operationalized in the context of local social and political realities.
A perfect storm: climate change, the power grid, and regulatory regime change after network failure
Authors: Short John Rennie
Published: November 2015

This case study explores electric grid failure in the aftermath of a major storm. The thick description of the event highlights broader issues of climate change, the changing regulatory regime of electricity provision, and urban network vulnerability. The reaction to the storm forced a shift in the regulatory regime from one that stressed cost reductions and return on investment to one that also encompassed issues of grid resiliency and service reliability.
Relevance and utility of European Union research, technological development and innovation policies for a smart growth
Authors: Capello Roberta , Lenzi Camilla
Published: November 2015

Assessment exercises of research, technological development and innovation measures within the cohesion policy framework do not provide up to now consistent results. Our impression is that the lack of consistency depends on the fact that assessment exercises are developed with no reference to the regional context in which research, technological development and innovation funds are spent. The present paper tries to overcome this gap by providing an assessment of the relevance and utility of research, technological development and innovation which takes into consideration alternative regional innovation contexts. Results indicate that research, technological development and innovation funds are in general relevant to increase innovation. However, our findings warn on the utility of research, technological development and innovation initiatives for socio-economic growth in regions lacking internal scientific research and technological activities. Interesting policy suggestions emerge which go in line with what has been conceptualized in the debate about the regional innovation smart specialization strategy.
Creative capital accumulation and the advancement of India's creative economy
Authors: Batabyal Amitrajeet A , Beladi Hamid
Published: November 2015

Despite the relevance of Richard Florida's ideas about the role of creative capital in promoting the creative economy of developing nations like India, there is no theoretical research on these topics in the extant literature. Therefore, we focus on an arbitrary region in a developing country like India and then analyze the creative capital accumulation decision faced by workers in this region who aspire to membership in the so-called creative class. Specifically, we compute the present discounted value of a worker's lifetime earnings as a function of the primitives of the problem. Next, we solve for the level of education that maximizes the lifetime earnings function. Finally, we describe how this optimal level of education is affected by changes in the lifespan of workers, the interest rate, and by the growth rate of the wage function.
Forestry administrator framings of responses to socioeconomic disturbance: Examples from northern regions in Canada, Sweden, and Finland
Authors: Bullock Ryan CL , Keskitalo E. Carina H. , Vuojala-Magga Terhi , Ambjörnsson Emmeline Laszlo
Published: November 2015

As the global forest sector endures rapid crises and more gradually evolving social, political, and environmental influences, little attention has been paid to how forest administrators view changing sectoral conditions and response measures. We analyze policy frames mobilized by 27 senior actors within major private and state-owned companies, and government agencies in northern forest regions of Canada, Sweden, and Finland. Results show that four intervening theme areas are engaged by forest administrators to frame sectoral changes and responses, namely, the role of international markets; timber pricing and supply; the role of the state; and environmental policies. However, perceived regional differences in the level of impact of the international market changes, public versus private wood supply dependence, and satisfaction with forestry institutions lead actors to frame problems and solutions differently. While forest policy discourse is relatively consistent across these regions, responses are specified to regional contexts.
Settler colonialism, George Grey and the politics of ethnography
Authors: Lester Alan
Published: November 2015

This article suggests that the spaces of British settler colonialism and metropolitan science were interconnected, underexamined, grounds upon which both ethnography and colonial governance developed. Focusing on the governmental and ethnographic activities of Sir George Grey during the mid-19th century it argues that the origins of ethnography and the specifically humanitarian governance of spaces invaded by settlers were co-constituted. Although anthropologists have long recognised the complicity of ethnography in modern colonialism, the relationship runs far deeper and extends far more broadly, than has been appreciated in even the most incisive critiques. That relationship was also located in violent settler colonial spaces that have been relatively neglected in the anthropological historiography. The article concludes that Grey's governmental practices, and his representations of them, established the terms upon which cultural genocide, with its logic of elimination, could be posited as a humane alternative to racial extermination. It shows that Grey's promotion of amalgamation, articulated as a preferably cultural and social extinction over a physical one, went on to influence the highest levels of colonial administration. On behalf of the British Empire as a whole, Grey thus helped to reconcile settler colonialism with humanitarian governance.
Restorative justice in cases of sexual violence
Authors: Marsh Francesca , Wager Nadia M.
Published: November 2015

This study aimed to fill a gap in the debate regarding the application of restorative justice (RJ) conferencing to sexual offences. This gap is currently characterized by absence of views expressed by survivors of sexual violence (Wager, 2013). The debate has largely occurred in an ‘empirical vacuum’ (McGlynn et al., 2012) and without the necessary consultation. This study consisted of a web-based survey of 121 community members, 40 of whom identified themselves as survivors of sexual violence. The findings indicate that both survivors and non-survivors of sexual violence express positive attitudes towards the use of restorative justice in these cases.
Young people, peer-to-peer grooming and sexual offending
Authors: Ashurst Libby , McAlinden Anne-Marie
Published: November 2015

There is ample evidence that young people are using social media in grooming and bullying to abuse and exploit others sexually with enough frequency to make those behaviours important concerns for both society and care providers. This article provides a critical overview of the conceptual and theoretical foundations for ‘grooming’ among peers and use of social media within harmful sexual behaviour. It introduces a model for intervention based on the literature on memory bundles, thinking and problem solving and highlights how the suggested model may be applied in practice.
Making meaning of significant events in past relationships
Authors: Frost David M. , Rubin Jennifer D. , Darcangelo Nicole
Published: November 2015

Romantic relationship dissolution is among the most stressful events that a person can experience. However, variability exists in the experience of a breakup and its impact on mental health. This study employed a mixed methods approach to understand how newly single people make meaning of significant events in their previous relationships through narrative and the resulting implications for their mental health. Participants were 146 men and women who became single during the course of a 4-wave longitudinal study of relationships and well-being. When asked to write narratives of the most significant event in their prior relationships, participants most frequently wrote about turning points, low points, and decision events. Narratives were not exclusively focused on the breakup itself. Narrative content was predictive of an adaptive resolution of significant events in prior relationships—via positive affective tone of narrative endings—which was in turn predictive of depression in the year after breaking up with a partner. Findings suggest that how people make meaning of events in prior relationships through narrative explain important individual differences in mental health in singlehood. Implications for relationship science, as well as counseling and clinical interventions, are discussed.
Attachment and maternal sensitivity in middle childhood
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Vazquez Lauren , Rasmussen Hannah F. , Teachanarong Lisa , Smiley Patricia
Published: November 2015

According to theory, maternal sensitivity should be associated with attachment security in middle childhood. We measure two aspects of maternal sensitivity— affective understanding, a component of parental mentalization, and affective synchrony, a component of parental empathy. We tested our hypotheses within a diverse sample of school-aged children (48.6% female, Mage = 10.27, SDage = 1.09) and their mothers ( N = 112 dyads) at baseline and after a standardized laboratory-based stressor in which children worked on unsolvable puzzles while their mothers watched. Results revealed no significant associations at baseline, but lower maternal attachment avoidance and greater child attachment security were associated with greater affective understanding and greater affective synchrony after the stressor task.
Adult attachment style and caregiver attitudes after raising a virtual child
Authors: Symons Douglas K. , Adams Stephanie , Smith Kathleen H.
Published: November 2015

Avoidance in adults is related to many negative aspects of caregiving and parenting. This was examined in a simulated parenting experience of 145 students who raised a virtual child from birth to age 19 using the website MyVirtualChild©. Avoidance and anxiety within adult relationships were assessed using the Experiences in Close Relationships–Relationship Structures questionnaire before and after this experience, and caregiver attitudes of positive feelings, perceptions of the child’s security, and willingness to serve as an attachment figure were assessed after the experience. As predicted, avoidance and anxiety were negatively related to caregiver attitudes, with avoidance accounting for these relations. These results support the negative impact of avoidance on caregiver attitudes, even when the child is raised in Cyberspace.
Moral narratives of state policy: Urban development in Meicun, China
Authors: Cheung Chi Pui
Published: November 2015

Ordinary people do not necessarily judge policy in the same way as does the state. They are less concerned with efficient implementation, cost-effectiveness or instrumentality and more with the moral implications of policy. This article takes a fresh look at the rational perceptions of the policy world. In the Chinese polity, there is a popular idiom: ‘policies come from above and countermeasures come from below’. Ordinary people use this idiom to criticize local bureaucrats for failing to implement policies and instead pursuing their own interests. Such criticisms assume that policy formulation is a strategic or rational activity. Although this view certainly contains an element of truth, it depicts policy formulation and implementation as a purely instrumental act. Similarly, the anthropology of policy has tended to focus much of its attention on the use of neoliberal policies as a tool of governmentality. The aim of this article is to show that policies are part of everyday moral narratives. Drawing on a concept of ‘policy imaginaries’, this article seeks to explore how Chinese farmers make ethical judgments about state policies. To illustrate my point, I provide an ethnographic analysis of urban change in a Chinese village, Meicun. In this rural area, state policies are often described in ethical rather than technical terms.
In the shadows of the Maoist revolution: On the role of the ‘People’s War’ in facilitating the occupation of symbolic space in Western Nepal
Authors: Hoffmann Michael Peter
Published: November 2015

This article highlights the contribution of the Nepalese Maoist Movement in the dynamics of claiming symbolic space by formerly bonded labourers (freed Kamaiya) during the Nepalese Maoist revolution. In Nepal, the appropriation of symbolic space by marginalized groups throughout the revolutionary period remains in the shadows of the grand event of the Maoist revolution. Focusing on an urban municipality in Kailali district, in the far-western lowlands of Nepal, the article examines how the changing balances of power brought about by the revolutionary Maoist Movement allowed a group of formerly bonded labourers to squat and claim the land of a public airport. The article then addresses the question of whether and how the act of urban capture has benefitted the formerly bonded labourers, and what sorts of community politics emerged in the squatter camps where they settled. It is argued that the changes brought about by the revolutionary context improved the conditions that the formerly debt-bonded labourers encounter at workplaces but also led to the formation of a new political elite within the squatters community. The article contributes to an understanding of the complexities of political mobilization in revolutionary Nepal and the resulting consequences.
Severed in neoliberal South Korea: Cho˘ngdŭnilt’o˘ and the dis/assembly of industrial bodies
Authors: Kwon Jong Bum
Published: November 2015

Unemployment hurts. Based on fieldwork with laid-off Daewoo autoworkers in South Korea in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis (1997–2001), a tumultuous transitional period from the developmental state to post-Fordist neoliberal economy, I explore their experience and interpretation of bodily pain and suffering. The term they used is severed which while idiomatic, suggests actual corporeal violence. Pivoting around the analysis of cho˘ngdŭn ilt’o˘, which roughly translates as workplace of attachment, I argue that their laboring bodies were an assemblage of Korea’s authoritarian Fordist, developmental regime. They had experienced their bodies and factory (including the assembly line and other human and nonhuman bodies) as mutually permeable: their bodies incorporated the factory while the assembly line, machines, and tools absorbed their sweat, scent, and toil. With the advent of post-Fordist, neoliberal regime of accumulation, they were deemed redundant and laid off. Severed from the factory, they were consequently cut off from a vital part of themselves. My analysis challenges conventional understandings of industrial labor as mere employment (a formal exchange of labor power for a wage) and source of suffering and alienation. Rather, factory work was a form of occupation, a fully embodied habitation and process of self and bodily reproduction. When workers’ bodies are understood to be assemblages of the Fordist factory, we may then appreciate that their bodily pains index what may be understood as bodily dispossession, structural violence related to the disassembly of their body-selves in neoliberal Korea.
Shifting regional dynamics of global value chains: Implications for economic and social upgrading in African horticulture
Authors: Barrientos Stephanie , Knorringa Peter , Evers Barbara , Visser Margareet , Opondo Maggie
Published: November 2015

Global value chain and global production network analyses have largely focused on dominance of Northern retailers over suppliers in the global South. The expansion of retailers within the global South sourcing from and supplying consumer end-markets within their own geographic regions is reconfiguring value chain dynamics. This paper draws on GVC and GPN approaches and the concepts of multi-polar governance to analyse changing dynamics of global and regional retail supply networks. Drawing on a case study of supermarket expansion within South and East Africa, it analyses how ‘waves of diffusion’ by global and regional supermarkets provide new opportunities for ‘strategic diversification’ by some horticultural producers and workers. It examines the implications for economic and social upgrading and downgrading, finding mixed outcomes. Strategic diversification provides opportunities for economic and social upgrading by more capable suppliers and skilled workers, but economic downgrading pressures persist and some are excluded from both global and regional value chains.
In the shadow of benchmarks. Normative and ontological issues in the governance of land
Authors: Silva-Castañeda Laura
Published: November 2015

The last decade witnessed the flourishing of monitoring systems that produce new metrics to diagnose and benchmark land governance at country level. One of the most influential initiatives is the Land Governance Assessment Framework, a diagnostic tool developed by the World Bank to evaluate land policies, monitor progress and point towards global best practices. Although presented as a neutral tool, the Land Governance Assessment Framework dispositif has the effect of distributing light and shadow on the complex and multifaceted politics of land. This article aims at conducting a close analysis of the Land Governance Assessment Framework standard in order to explore how it defines ontologies and norms. These two levels are successively explored by asking two questions: ‘what is land?’ and ‘land for which people?’. Thus, the analysis shows that, although the World Bank discourse has evolved towards the recognition of ‘a continuum of rights’ and multiple forms of proof of ownership, the main focus of the Land Governance Assessment Framework is to make land a productive and investible resource. In the process, it relegates to the shadow social movements’ normative claims and alternative land ontologies that this article proposes to untangle relying on the French school of pragmatic sociology.
The work of networks: Embedding firms, transport, and the state in the Russian Arctic oil and gas sector
Authors: Stephenson Scott R , Agnew John A
Published: November 2015

The “network” has gained widespread acceptance within economic geography as a metaphor for economic interaction. Consistent with a global production network (GPN) approach, extractive industries are deeply embedded in political structures, physical infrastructure, and environmental conditions. We advocate for a GPN framework that emphasizes the co-operation of multiple, differentiated networks at each stage of a production network. Furthermore, the physical geography of sub-national spaces as well as trans-national spaces linking resources with destination markets imposes critical constraints on the structure and operation of oil and natural-gas extraction. We attempt to move beyond notions of a singular network encompassing all aspects of production by contextualizing extractive activities within the geopolitical economy of Arctic Russia. Our aim is twofold: to develop a more carefully articulated conception of networks based on the different economic principles and political regulation at work within different types of networks, and to show how the Russian Arctic oil and gas sector can only be adequately understood with such a nuanced approach. The Arctic case illustrates well the complex entanglement of the state and political actors in networks of firms and specialized transport systems. We first deconstruct the network concept to establish the economic principles, actors, and spaces that comprise the extractive production network, and then examine the extractive hydrocarbon networks active in Arctic Russia through this analytical lens.
The changing geography of voting Conservative in Great Britain: Is it all to do with inequality?
Authors: Johnston Ron , Pattie Charles
Published: November 2015

In a series of publications, Dorling has argued that there is a strong correlation between levels of inequality in Great Britain and the spatial concentration of Conservative party support at general elections. His interpretation of this relationship is questioned; the interpretation is inconsistent with the data and fails to take account of Britain’s changing party system and electoral geography.