bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and cognitive function impairment among the US older adults: a cross-sectional study based on the NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Zhao Cong , Pu Meng , Wu Chengji , Ding Jiaqi , Guo Jun , Zhang Guangyun
Published: November 2024

Background

Cognitive function impairment (CFI) and the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) were investigated in this study.

Methods

Participants from the 2011–2014 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were chosen to assess cognitive function using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning Test, the Animal Fluency Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Participants scored below the 25% percentile of any of the three tests were defined as having cognitive function impairment. 24-h recalls of diet were collected to calculate CDAI.

Results

2,424 participants were included. The fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model showed an increase of one CDAI unit reduced CFI risk by 5% (95% CI: 0.92 ~ 0.98, p = 0.004). When comparing individuals with the lowest CDAI in the first quartile (<−2.42), the adjusted odds ratio for CDAI and CFI were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.61 ~ 1.06, p = 0.125) in the second quartile, 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51 ~ 0.92, p = 0.012) in the third quartile, and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.43 ~ 0.82, p = 0.002) in the fourth quartile, respectively. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a steady negative linear correlation between CDAI and CFI, with a p-value for non-linearity of 0.122. Subgroup analysis did not reveal any significant interactions based on age, education level, family income, history of diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and depression.

Conclusion

CDAI was inversely associated with CFI in a large representative American population. Further longitudinal studies are needed for causal inference.
Therapeutic potential of flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine in pancreatic cancer treatment
Authors: Wan Qi , Ren Qing , Qiao Shuangying , Lyu Aiping , He Xingwei , Li Fangfei
Published: November 2024

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with rising mortality rates globally. Its diagnosis is often challenging due to its asymptomatic nature in the early stages. Consequently, most patients receive a poor prognosis, with low survival rates within 5 years, as the disease is typically detected at an advanced stage, complicating effective treatment. Flavonoids, especially those derived from traditional Chinese herbal medicines, have attracted considerable attention for their potent anti-PC properties. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of these bioactive compounds, which modulate key biological pathways, making them promising candidates for PC intervention. Their mechanisms of action include the regulation of autophagy, apoptosis, cell growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and oxidative stress, as well as enhancing chemotherapeutic sensitivity, exerting antiangiogenic effects, and potentially boosting immunomodulatory responses. The demonstrated benefits of these natural compounds in cancer management have spurred extensive academic interest. Beyond their role as anti-cancer agents, flavonoids may provide both preventive and therapeutic advantages for PC, resonating with the core principles of traditional Chinese medicine for disease prevention and holistic treatment.
Relationship between serum carotenoids and telomere length in overweight or obese individuals
Authors: Wang Jiang , Xie Fayi , Zhu Wan , Ye Dongmei , Xiao Yi , Shi Mengxia , Zeng Rui , Bian Jiahui , Xu Xiao , Chen Lihuan , Zhu Aizhang , Zhu Ke , Fan Tenghui , Liu Bin , Xiao Liyan , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

Background

Previous researches have demonstrated an association between carotenoids and elongated telomeres. Nonetheless, there is scant scientific evidence examining this relationship in individuals who are overweight or obese, a demographic more predisposed to accelerated aging. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between serum carotenoid concentrations and telomere length within this population group.

Methods

Data were sourced from the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, encompassing 2,353 overweight or obese participants. The levels of α-carotene, β-carotene (both trans and cis isomers), β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and trans-lycopene were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography. Telomere length was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Following adjustment for potential confounders, telomere length exhibited an increase of 1.83 base pairs (bp) per unit elevation in β-carotene levels (β = 1.83; 95% CI: 0.48, 3.18). Within the fully adjusted model, telomere length incremented by 1.7 bp per unit increase in serum β-carotene among overweight individuals (β = 1.7; 95% CI: 0.1, 3.3), and by 2.6 bp per unit increase among obese individuals (β = 2.6; 95% CI: 0.1, 5.0). Furthermore, restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a linear relationship between β-carotene levels and telomere length, whereas a non-linear association was observed between β-cryptoxanthin levels and telomere length.

Conclusion

This investigation indicates that higher serum β-carotene concentrations are linked with extended telomere length in overweight and obese populations in the United States. These findings warrant further validation through prospective studies.
Analysis of the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality in United States adults
Authors: Rong Fen , Mai Yiyi , Shou Lujia , Zhu Xinya , Li Meiyue , Zhu Liuchen , Sun Xiuli , Zhao Xinhua
Published: November 2024

Background

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, often linked with increased risk for multi-systemic diseases. This study aims to investigate the relationship between NAFLD and mortality, particularly all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, among United States adults.

Methods

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were utilized, encompassing 80,312 participants from 2003–2004 to 2017–2018. After exclusions for incomplete data, potential other liver diseases, and significant alcohol consumption, the final analytical cohort included 32,698 participants. The Fatty Liver Index (FLI), a non-invasive diagnostic tool, was used to identify NAFLD. Covariates included demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and biochemical parameters. Survival analysis was conducted using a weighted Cox proportional hazards regression model to quantify the impact of NAFLD on mortality.

Results

The study revealed that NAFLD was significantly associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The hazard ratios (HRs) from the survival analysis consistently indicated a higher risk among participants with NAFLD compared to those without. Subgroup analyses further confirmed the association, with notable exceptions in certain subgroups such as those with high school education and diabetes. Additionally, a nonlinear relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and mortality risk was identified among NAFLD participants.

Conclusion

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is a significant risk factor for all-cause and CVD mortality in US adults. The findings underscore the importance of early detection and intervention for NAFLD to mitigate its impact on public health. Further research is needed to explore the complex interactions between NAFLD, SUA levels, and mortality, particularly in high-risk subgroups.
Detecting and localizing cervical lesions in colposcopic images with deep semantic feature mining
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Ruiyun , Weng Jingjing , Li Huiping , Ying Shi , Zhang Jinghui , Yu Zehao , Peng Chengbin , Zheng Siming
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of employing artificial intelligence models for the detection and localization of cervical lesions by leveraging deep semantic features extracted from colposcopic images.

Methods

The study employed a segmentation-based deep learning architecture, utilizing a deep decoding network to integrate prior features and establish a semantic segmentation model capable of distinguishing normal and pathological changes. A two-stage decision model is proposed for deep semantic feature mining, which combines image segmentation and classification to categorize pathological changes present in the dataset. Furthermore, transfer learning was employed to create a feature extractor tailored to colposcopic imagery. Multi-scale data were bolstered by an attention mechanism to facilitate precise segmentation of lesion areas. The segmentation results were then coherently mapped back onto the original images, ensuring an integrated visualization of the findings.

Results

Experimental findings demonstrated that compared to algorithms solely based on image segmentation or classification, the proposed approach exhibited superior accuracy in distinguishing between normal and lesioned colposcopic images. Furthermore, it successfully implemented a fully automated pixel-based cervical lesion segmentation model, accurately delineating regions of suspicious lesions. The model achieved high sensitivity (96.38%), specificity (95.84%), precision (97.56%), and f1 score (96.96%), respectively. Notably, it accurately estimated lesion areas, providing valuable guidance to assisting physicians in lesion classification and localization judgment.

Conclusion

The proposed approach demonstrates promising capabilities in identifying normal and cervical lesions, particularly excelling in lesion area segmentation. Its accuracy in guiding biopsy site selection and subsequent localization treatment is satisfactory, offering valuable support to healthcare professionals in disease assessment and management.
Bimodal intensity-modulated radiotherapy in combination with carbon ion therapy (C12) of mucosal melanomas - data of the last decade from Heidelberg University Hospital
Authors: Bauer Lukas , Paul Angela , Regnery Sebastian , Deng Maximilian Y. , Ellerbrock Malte , Mielke Thomas , Harrabi Semi B. , Seidensaal Katharina , Held Thomas , Herfarth Klaus , Debus Jürgen , Hassel Jessica C. , Uzun-Lang Kristin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Due to the rarity of mucosal melanomas, few recent studies can be found investigating the success and side effects of therapy for this entity with large numbers of patients. In this retrospective analysis, the efficacy and toxicity of combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and carbon ion therapy (C12) of mucosal melanomas were analyzed to contribute to a better understanding of this rare disease.

Methods

Twenty-two patients were included from 2013 to 2022 in the Department of Radiation Oncology at Heidelberg University Hospital. 19 patients received bimodal radiotherapy consisting of radiotherapy by IMRT and carbon ion therapy (C12). 3 patients received photon only IMRT. In addition to Overall Survival (OS), local control rate (LCR), locoregional control rate (LRCR) and progression-free survival (PFS), early and late toxicity of treatment was analyzed. Bimodal radiotherapy consisted of IMRT of the primary tumor region and cervical lymph nodes in a single dose of 2 Gy up to the dose of 50.0 Gy in the basic schedule after application of a C12 boost of the primary tumor region up to 24 Gy (RBE) in a single dose of 3 Gy (RBE) up to the total dose of 74.0 Gy (RBE) in 5-6 fractions/week. Photon only radiotherapy comprised IMRT up to total doses of 66-70,4 Gy in 5 fractions/week.

Results

After 2 years, overall survival, progression-free survival, local control and locoregional control were 46%, 41%, 77% and 77%, respectively. 4 out of 5 patients with local relapse showed in-field recurrence inside the C12 boost volume. The primary tumor in these patients was always located in the main nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinus. Leading acute toxicity was grade 2 mucositis (12 patients, 55%) followed by grade 1 radiation dermatitis (10 patients, 45%). The cumulative incidence of late grade 3 toxicities was 15%.

Discussion

The combination of IMRT with carbon ion therapy in the treatment of mucosal melanoma provides promising local control rates with mild acute toxicity despite unfavorable patient preselection. The unfavorable overall survival as well as progression-free survival rates indicate that concomitant systemic therapies should be the subject of future research.
Influence of neuropathological diagnosis on psychooncological distress in neurooncological patients - a retrospective cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Staub-Bartelt Franziska , Obermayr Sarah , Sabel Michael , Rapp Marion
Published: November 2024

Background

Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumours, are classified based on histology and molecular genetics. Glioblastomas (GBM) are highly aggressive and are graded as WHO grade 4, while astrocytoma and oligodendrogliomas fall under WHO grades 2-3 (4). Gliomas affect 6 per 100,000 people, with a higher incidence in men. GBM has the poorest prognosis, whereas grade 2 astrocytoma and oligodendrogliomas show better outcomes. Quality of life (QoL) is now a crucial therapeutic goal alongside survival. Despite the impact of gliomas on QoL, especially given their incurability and progressive neurological deficits, research specifically comparing QoL and psycho-oncological stress in GBM versus grade 2 gliomas (glioma_2) remains limited. This study aims to fill that gap using validated measurement methods.

Methods

This retrospective, single-centre study investigated differences in QoL among neuro-oncological patients using the Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), Distress Thermometer (DT), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and EORTC-QLQ-C30-BN20. Data were collected before chemotherapy or radiotherapy to avoid therapy impact on QoL. Out of 2258 patients screened until June 30, 2022, 639 had glioblastoma or WHO grade 2 gliomas, with 223 meeting inclusion criteria for analysis.

Results

The study included 161 GBM and 62 Glioma_2 patients, with 64% of all patients being male. The mean age was 58.11 years (SD ± 16.186). The DT did not show significant differences between GBM and glioma_2 glioma patients (median GBM:6 vs. 5 in glioma_2, p=0.480). However, the HADS-D indicates that GBM patients experience significantly more depression (median GBM 4.5 vs. 4 in glioma_2, p=0.033), though anxiety levels are similar in both groups (median GBM. 6 vs. 6 in glioma_2, p=0.867). The KPS (median GBM 70 vs. 90 in glioma_2, p<0.001) and specific aspects of the EORTC-QLQ-C30-BN20 questionnaire demonstrate that GBM patients have notably greater physical impairments than glioma_2 patients at diagnosis. Overall, GBM patients report worse quality of life compared to glioma_2 patients (median GBM 50 vs. 67 in glioma_2, p<0.001).

Conclusion

This study showed that distress is present in glioma patients regardless of their histopathological grading, even though GBM patients show higher depression levels and more physical limitations. Targeted anxiety management and early depression screening are essential for all glioma patients. Early QoL screening and making QoL a therapeutic goal benefits patient care and society.
Primary intracranial malignant melanoma in an adolescent girl with NRAS and TP53 mutations: case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Shi Hailiang , Wen Xiaolong , Zhang Kuo , Feng Ge , Wei Jie , Wang Hebo
Published: November 2024

Primary intracranial malignant melanoma(PIMM) is often difficult to treat in patients without a history of skin melanoma or extensive melanin deposition. Due to the rarity of the disease, the current accepted treatment is surgical resection, but the prognosis is still poor. We report a case of PIMM in an adolescent girl with epilepsy as the only symptom and atypical imaging findings. PIMM was confirmed by further pathological and clinical examination. We summarize previous cases to discuss the clinical manifestations, imaging, pathological and genetic characteristics of the disease, aiming to improve the clinician’s understanding of the disease. This case underscores the PIMM as a differential diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment for adolescents with epileptic seizures accompanied by intracranial space-occupying lesions, even in the absence of extensive skin blackening.
Case Report: A rare pediatric case of paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with Castleman disease misdiagnosed as Behçets disease
Authors: Zhang Ranran , Liu Jia , Nie Nana , Wang Dahai , Wu Jie , Zhang Huanyu , Zhang Ruiyun , Gao Shan , Bai Cui , Lin Yi , Zhang Qiuye , Chang Hong
Published: November 2024

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disease known as angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, firstly reported in 1954. It mainly occurs in adults, presenting with a wide range of clinical manifestations, including paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). PNP is a rare and often life-threatening autoimmune disorder characterized by painful blisters and erosions on the skin and mucous membranes. In children, PNP is often linked to Castleman disease, as evidenced in case reports. So far, less than 30 pediatric cases have been reported, with the pathogenesis remaining unclear and treatment approaches varied. Here, we present a pediatric case initially suspected as Behçet's disease due to persistent oral ulcers and conjunctivitis, and undergone a sudden aggravation of clinical features following an allergic reaction. New involvement of skin rashes and imaging findings prompted the final diagnosis as PNP linked to Unicentral Castleman disease (UCD).Through detailing the progression of clinical features and diagnostic work, we aim to arise the awareness of physicians and put emphasize on early recognition and multidisciplinary management, which can improve patient outcomes.
Association between reported ADHD symptom and motor development delay in preschool children
Authors: Cui Zhijun , Li Shijie , Liang Aimin , Huang Hongmei , Ni Xin
Published: November 2024

Objective

To explore whether the motor developmental level is associated with the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms severity reported by parents in preschool children.

Methods

Preschool children aged 4–6 years old with the chief complaint of reported inattention or hyperactivity by kindergarten teachers or parents were recruited in this study. All participants were consulted by at least one experienced developmental behavior pediatrician, according to DSM-V diagnostic criteria of ADHD. Their neuromotor developments were assessed by the Children's Neuropsychological and Behavior Scale and recorded as developmental quotient (DQ) score in gross motor, fine motor, and other domains. Regarding the evaluation of ADHD symptoms, parents of the 4-year-old group completed the Conners' Parent Symptom Questionnaire, while parents of the 5-year-old group completed The Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale.

Results

A total of 137 preschool children aged 4–4.9 years (4-year-old group) and 252 were aged 5.0–5.9 years (5-year-old group) were included in the study. Children exhibiting ADHD symptoms were at a much higher risk of fine motor delays compared to gross motor delays, particularly among the younger age group. Correlation analysis and hierarchical regression showed that in the 4-year-old ADHD group, better gross motor development was associated with increased severity of parent-reported ADHD symptoms. In the 5-year-old ADHD group, poorer fine motor development was linked to higher ADHD symptom severity. For children who do not meet ADHD diagnostic criteria, no significant correlations were found between gross or fine motor developmental quotients (DQ) and the severity of ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions

Preschool children exhibiting ADHD symptoms are at a notable high risk of fine motor delays. Motor development in preschool children who meet ADHD diagnostic criteria is related to the severity of their symptoms. It is important to monitor both fine and gross motor development in preschool children with ADHD.
Effects of unilateral and bilateral contrast training on the lower limb sports ability of college basketball players
Authors: Duan Tianyu , He Zongwei , Dai Jing , Xie Lin , Shi Yuer , Chen Lunxin , Song Junyi , Li Guoxing , Zhang Wenfeng
Published: November 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of unilateral (U) and bilateral (B) contrast training on lower limb explosiveness, agility, and balance in college basketball athletes.

Methods: Twenty male college basketball players were randomly assigned to either a unilateral group (U, n = 10) or a bilateral group (B, n = 10). Both groups underwent an 8week strength training program, with sessions held twice a week. The unilateral group performed six Bulgarian split squats and ten reverse lunge jump squats, while the bilateral group performed six barbell rear squats and ten double-leg vertical jumps. To comprehensively assess the training effects, the study utilized one-repetition maximum (1RM), countermovement jump (CMJ), 20m sprint, and single-leg hop tests to evaluate explosive power; the 505 and t-test to assess change-of-direction ability; and the Y-balance test (YBT) to evaluate dynamic balance. Paired sample t-tests were used to evaluate within-group changes, and a 2 (pre- and post-) × 2 (experimental and control groups) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess between-group differences.

Results: Within-group comparisons indicated that both unilateral and bilateral contrast training significantly improved all performance metrics. Between-group comparisons revealed that bilateral training was superior to unilateral training in improvements in 1RM and CMJ (p > 0.05) (growth rate of 1RM: B: 8.4%, U: 5.15%; growth rate of CMJ: B: 15.63%, U: 6.74%). Unilateral training showed greater improvements in the 20m sprint, dominant leg single-leg hop, YBT left, and YBT right (p > 0.05) (growth rate of 20m sprint: B: 5.43%, U: 10.41%; growth rate of advantage foot touch high: B: 4.56%, U: 9.35%; growth rate of YBT left: B: 3.77%, U: 8.53%; growth rate of YBT right: B: 4.72%, U: 13.8%). Unilateral training also significantly outperformed bilateral training in non-dominant leg single-leg hop, t-test, 505 left, and 505 right improvements (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Unilateral contrast training may offer advantages for enhancing change-of-direction ability and explosive power in the non-dominant leg, and it may also provide benefits for improving short-distance sprinting ability, explosive power in the dominant leg, and dynamic balance. In contrast, bilateral contrast training appears to be more effective for enhancing bilateral explosive power and may be more advantageous for increasing maximal strength.
Triple interactions for induced systemic resistance in plants
Authors: Jung Jihye , Ahn Seongho , Kim Do-Hyun , Riu Myoungjoo
Published: November 2024

Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a crucial concept in modern agriculture, explaining plant defense mechanisms primed by rhizosphere stimuli and activated by subsequent infections. Biological factors contributing to ISR generally include plant growth-promoting microbes3 (PGPM). Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their plant growth-promoting characteristics and ISR effect against above-ground pathogens and insect infestations. These phenomena elucidate the bottom-up effects of how beneficial rhizosphere microbes help plants resist above-ground attacks. Conversely, soil microbiome analysis in the rhizosphere of plants infected by above-ground pathogens has shown increased beneficial microbes in the soil, a phenomenon termed 'soil legacy effects'. This represents the top-down effects of above-ground attackers on plants' rhizosphere environments. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that above-ground stimuli not only recruit PGPM in the rhizosphere but also that these PGPM influence plant defense responses against subsequent pathogen infections. This can be seen as a four-step plant defense mechanism involving above-ground attackers, host plants, rhizosphere microbes, and subsequent attacks. This represents an active defense mechanism that overcomes the limitations of sessile plants. This review summarizes plant ISR mechanisms in terms of triple inter-organism interactions and provides molecular evidence for each step.
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus AZ0019 requires functional nifD gene for optimal plant growth promotion in tomato plants
Authors: Pallucchini Michele , Franchini Martina , El-Ballat Enas M. , Narraidoo Nathalie , Pointer-Gleadhill Benjamin , Palframan Matthew J. , Hayes Christopher J. , Dent David , Cocking Edward C. , Perazzolli Michele , Fray Rupert G. , Hill Phil J.
Published: November 2024

Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a nitrogen fixing bacterium able to colonise a wide range of host plants and is marketed as a biofertiliser due to its ability to promote plant growth. This study aims to investigate how biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) competency affects the growth promotion of inoculated tomato plants and to describe the colonisation mechanism of this bacterium in dicot systems. A nitrogen fixation impaired mutant (Gd nifD-) was produced by disrupting the nifD gene, which encodes the nitrogenase Mo-Fe subunit, in order to assess its plant growth promotion (PGP) capability in comparison to G. diazotrophicus wild type strain (Gd WT). Furthermore, tagged strains were employed to monitor the colonisation process through qPCR analyses and fluorescence microscopy. Following a preliminary glass house trial, Gd WT or Gd nifD- were applied to hydroponically grown tomato plants under nitrogen-replete and nitrogen-limiting conditions. Bacteria reisolation data and plant growth parameters including height, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content were assessed 15 days post inoculation (dpi). Gd WT significantly enhanced plant height, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content in both nitrogen conditions, while Gd nifD- showed a reduced PGP effect, particularly in terms of chlorophyll content. Both strains colonised plants at similar levels, suggesting that the growth advantages were linked to BNF capacity rather than colonisation differences. These findings indicate that a functional nifD gene is a fundamental requirement for optimal plant growth promotion by G. diazotrophicus.
Adaptive growth strategies of Quercus dentata to drought and nitrogen enrichment: a physiological and biochemical perspective
Authors: Zhao Zipeng , Xie Bing , Wang Xiaona , Wang Qi , Guo Chang , Zhang Fang , Wang Hongru , Zhang Ruijie , Zhang Chen
Published: November 2024

Nitrogen deposition and drought significantly influence plant growth and soil physicochemical properties. This study investigates the effects of nitrogen deposition and water stress on the growth and physiological responses of Quercus dentata, and how these factors interact to influence the overall productivity. Two-year-old potted seedlings were selected to simulate nitrogen deposition and water stress. Nitrogen was applied at rates of 0 kg·ha-1·year-1 (N0) and 150 kg·ha-1·year-1 (N150). The levels of water stress corresponded to 80% (W80), 50% (W50), and 20% (W20) of soil saturation moisture content. High nitrogen (N150) significantly increased stem elongation and stem diameter by enhancing photosynthetic parameters, including Pn (W80) and Gs (W50), and maintained higher water use efficiency. Under drought conditions, nitrogen enhanced leaf water content, stabilized electrical conductivity, regulated antioxidant enzyme activity, and increased the accumulation of proline. However, under severe drought, nitrogen did not significantly improve biomass, highlighting the critical role of water availability. Additionally, increased nitrogen levels enhanced soil enzyme activity, facilitated the uptake of crucial nutrients like K and Zn. Mantel tests indicated significant correlations between soil enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and leaf Fe content, suggesting that nitrogen deposition altered nutrient uptake strategies in Q. dentata to sustain normal photosynthetic capacity under water stress. This study demonstrates that nitrogen deposition substantially enhances the growth and physiological resilience of Q. dentata under W50 by optimizing photosynthetic efficiency, water use efficiency, and nutrient uptake. However, the efficacy of nitrogen is highly dependent on water availability, highlighting the necessity of integrated nutrient and water management for plant growth.
Neotropical palms: from their conservation to economic potential
Authors: Martins Kauanne Karolline Moreno , Vianna Suelen Alves , Francisconi Ana Flávia , Scaketti Matheus , Konzen Enéas Ricardo , Zucchi Maria Imaculada
Published: November 2024

Palms (Arecaceae) are an important group of plants widely distributed throughout the world. The Arecaceae family comprises a great diversity of species, however, many of them are threatened with extinction due to their unbridled exploitation in search of economically important resources. An overview of palms biology will be presented, with emphasis on genetics and genomic resources of several species, as well as their socioeconomic impact worldwide, highlighting the main advances in recent research. Our discussion also covers the demand for urgent measures toward conservation and preservation of palms since they play key roles in maintaining biodiversity and providing essential ecosystem services. Fundamentally, this article is to raise awareness about the importance of palms and to encourage the protection and conservation of these valuable species.
American views about election fraud in 2024
Authors: Linegar Mitchell , Alvarez R. Michael
Published: November 2024

What are the opinions of American registered voters about election fraud and types of election fraud as we head into the final stages of the 2024 Presidential election? In this paper we use data from an online national survey of 2,211 U.S. registered voters interviewed between June 26 - July 3, 2024. Respondents were asked how common they thought that ten different types of election fraud might be in the U.S. In our analysis, we show that substantial proportions of U.S. registered voters believe that these types of election fraud are common. Our multivariate analysis shows that partisanship correlates strongly with endorsement of types of election fraud, with Republicans consistently more likely to state that types of election fraud are common, even when we control for a wide variety of other factors. We also find that conspiratorial thinking is strongly correlated with belief in the occurrence of types of election fraud, even when we control for partisanship. Our results reported in this paper provide important data regarding how American registered voters perceive the prevalence of types of election fraud, just months before the 2024 Presidential election.
Anxiety and depression in first-year university students: the role of family and social support
Authors: Estrella-Proaño Andrea , Rivadeneira María F. , Alvarado Jéssica , Murtagh Matías , Guijarro Susana , Alomoto Lidia , Cañarejo Glenda
Published: November 2024

Background

Adolescents and young are one of the population groups with the highest prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide. Few studies address this problem in young university students. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in first-year university students and its association with family functionality and social support.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 847 students from five cities in Ecuador, between 18 and 25 years of age, who were beginning their university career. Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, family functionality with the FF-SIL Test, and social support with the Medical Outcomes Study Scale. The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were also measured. Bivariate and multivariate data analyzes were performed using logistic regression.

Results

The 19.7% of the students presented anxiety, while 24.7% presented depression. Female students, students with poor economic status, and married/in union students had a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression. Family dysfunction and lack of global social support were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety (OR 1.93 95% CI 1.20–3.10; OR 1.99 95% CI 1.19–3.33, respectively) and depression (OR 1.87 95% CI 1.16–3.01; OR 2.2 95% CI 1.35–2.57, respectively), regardless of the student’s economic situation.

Conclusion

Social support and family functionality play an important role in the prevention of anxiety and depression in first-year university students. It is necessary to establish mental health policies and strategies in this underserved population group that strengthen social support and family functionality.
Serial multiple mediating role of coping style and anxiety in the relationship between life events and academic satisfaction in Chinese medical undergraduates
Authors: Yang Jiarun , Song Xuemei , Zhang Jili , Zheng Yunge , Chen Guangyu , Bu Tianyi , Zhou Jiawei , Tong Yuying , Yang Yanjie , Qiao Zhengxue
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Academic satisfaction plays an important role in promoting the future careers of medical undergraduates. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve academic satisfaction by exploring its influencing factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serial multiple mediating role of life events, coping styles, anxiety, and academic satisfaction among Chinese medical students.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, clinical medicine students from a medical university in Heilongjiang Province were surveyed using stratified random cluster sampling procedures. The questionnaires included the Adolescent Life Events Scale, the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire, the Self-rating Anxiety Scale, and the Academic Satisfaction Scale. Pearson’s correlation analysis and bootstrap analysis were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Life events were negatively related to positive coping styles and academic satisfaction and were positively related to anxiety symptoms. Positive coping styles were negatively associated with anxiety symptoms and positively associated with academic satisfaction. Anxiety symptoms were negatively associated with academic satisfaction. The serial multiple mediating role of positive coping style and anxiety in the relationship between life events and academic satisfaction was significant.

Conclusion

The results showed that life events were sequentially associated with decreased positive coping styles and then increased anxiety, which resulted in reduced academic satisfaction among medical students.
Blind supratemporal retrobulbar block in cats: a feasibility cadaveric study and its efficacy in a group of subjects undergoing corneal or intraocular surgery
Authors: Lardone Elena , Crasta Manuela , Ostan Pier Carlo , Gherlinzoni Paola , Landi Alessandra , Franci Paolo
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The supratemporal retrobulbar block (RB) has not been comprehensively described in cats.

Materials and methods

Cadaveric study: a modified supratemporal retrobulbar injection of 0.1 ml/kg of iomeprole and saline (1:3) was executed using a Tuohy needle in recently deceased cats. Cadavers underwent computed tomography before and following injections. Injectate distribution within the intraconal space was evaluated. Extraconal injections were considered a failure. Clinical study: cats undergoing corneal/intraocular surgery were included. After intramuscular premedication with methadone 0.3 mg/kg, dexmedetomidine 3 mcg/kg and alfaxalone 2 mg/kg and induction with intravenous (IV) alfaxalone to effect, isoflurane anesthesia was maintained with a target end-expired fraction of 1.1%. Cats were randomly allocated in the retrobulbar group [RG, receiving a modified supratemporal RB with 0.1 ml/kg of a mixture of 2% lidocaine (5.5 ml) and 0.75% ropivacaine (2 ml)] or control group (CG). When heart rate or mean arterial pressure increased above 20% of the pre-incisional values, fentanyl (1 mcg/kg IV) was administered. Alfaxalone (0.5 mg/kg IV) was injected when anesthesia was deemed too light. After a total of 3 interventions regardless the type of drugs (fentanyl/alfaxalone), a constant rate infusion of fentanyl (5 mcg/kg/h IV) was started. Anesthetist interventions, quality of recovery (blindly assessed using a descriptive score scale), postoperative eye rubbing, complications were studied.

Results

In the cadaveric study 8 eyes were included (success rate = 87%). The contrast agent spread was scored “moderate-to-large” or “large” in 85.7% of cases and a median 360° (180–360) distribution around the optic nerve was reported. In the clinical study 12 cats were included (6 in RG, 6 in CG). The median time to perform the RB was 35 s (20–50). Only the controls required anesthetist interventions [total amount of 6 (p = 0.0276): fentanyl (3/6) and alfaxalone (2/6)]. The RG had a significantly better recovery score (p = 0.0012) than CG. Only controls showed eye rubbing (3/6).

Conclusions

The modified supratemporal RB is an achievable and rapidly performed technique. In this study it reduced intraoperative drug administration and improved recovery quality in cats undergoing corneal or intraocular surgery.
The Design and Experimentation of a Wing-Shaped Stubble-Breaking Device for Maize Stubbles
Authors: Liu Xuanting , Qi Hongyan , Wang Shuo , Xu Zihe , Gao Peng , Fu Daping , Ma Yunhai
Published: November 2024

To achieve high-quality no-till seeding, a wing-shaped stubble-breaking device with excellent stubble-breaking performance was designed for maize stubble. A model of maize stubble was developed based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and verified through soil bin tests. The DEM model was used to optimize the design parameters of the device and to investigate the interaction between the blades and the maize stubble during the stubble-breaking process. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the device. The results indicated that the DEM model was accurate; when the optimal design parameters of the wing-shaped stubble-breaking device were a 37° slide cutting angle, 31° pitching angle, and 50 mm wing width, the average torque was 41.26 N·m, the soil breakage rate was 85.68%, and the soil backfill rate was 71.65%; the wing-shaped stubble-breaking device could separate the inside and outside of the strip tillage area and cut maize stubbles and soil blocks twice, thus having excellent stubble-breaking performance. This study provided an effective and feasible method for designing stubble-breaking devices and studying the interaction between blades, soil, and roots, which improved soil tillage theory and was beneficial in promoting conservation tillage technology.
Genome-Wide Identification and Exogenous Hormone and Stress Response Expression Analysis of the GARP Gene Family in Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Cai Lijun , Guo Zhenhua , Ding Junjie , Gai Zhijia , Liu Jingqi , Meng Qingying , Yang Xu , Zhang Na , Wang Qingsheng
Published: November 2024

The GARP transcription factor family is integral to the regulation of plant growth, development, hormone signaling pathways, circadian rhythms, and responses to both biotic and abiotic stressors. Despite its recognized importance, a comprehensive characterization of the GARP gene family in Glycine max remains unexplored. In this study, we identified 126 GmGARP genes across the 16 chromosomes of G. max and elucidated their diverse physicochemical properties. Phylogenetic classification grouped the GmGARP genes into eight distinct subfamilies, based on conserved motifs and gene structures, suggesting functional and evolutionary conservation within these clusters. The discovery of 56 segmentally duplicated gene pairs highlights gene duplication as a key driver of family expansion. Promoter analysis revealed various cis-regulatory elements, while expression profiling demonstrated that GmGARP genes possess significant tissue specificity. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis indicated that GmGARP genes are highly responsive to exogenous hormones, such as ABA, MeJA, and GA, as well as to abiotic stresses, including cold, salt, and drought conditions. Notably, GmGARP120 and GmGARP98 contain specific cis-elements linked to hormone responses, with their interaction verified through yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. Additionally, 11,195 potential target genes were predicted, underscoring the regulatory potential of the GmGARP transcription factors. These findings provide significant insights into the GmGARP gene family, laying a strong foundation for future studies on its role in G. max development and adaptive responses to environmental stressors.
Sulfur Induces As Tolerance in Barley Plants
Authors: Gil-Díaz Mar , Alonso Juan , Mancho Carolina , García-Gonzalo Pilar , Lobo M. Carmen
Published: November 2024

The use of sulfur (S) in polluted soils can reduce metal(loid) toxicity and enhance phytoremediation effectiveness. Here we studied the response of barley plants to As in soil amended with sulfate or elemental sulfur throughout the growing cycle. A greenhouse experiment was carried out using 4-L pots filled with clay-loam soil spiked with 60 mg kg−1 As (Na2HAsO4·7H2O). Two chemical forms of sulfur (elemental sulfur (S0) or sulfate (CaSO4·2H2O)) were applied at a dose of 1 and 3 Mg ha−1, respectively, and two previously seeded barley plants were transplanted in each pot, using eight pots per treatment. At the end of the growing cycle, the biomass, nutrients, and metal(loid) content, as well as several physiological and biochemical parameters of the plants were analyzed. Moreover, the effect of the treatments on soil characteristics was also evaluated, including soil pore water. The treatment with sulfur promoted the growth of barley plants through their vegetative cycle, enhancing photosynthesis, although biomass did not significantly increase. Both sources of S promoted the accumulation of As in the root, thereby limiting its translocation to the aerial part of the plant, sulfate being more effective (an increase of 300%) than elemental S (an increase of 82%). The addition of S decreased soil pH. Furthermore, both treatments, but particularly sulfate, increased soluble sulfate and stimulated soil biological properties. In conclusion, the application of sulfate to As-polluted soil can enhance As phytostabilization by barley plants while simultaneously improving the biological properties of the soil.
Development and Evaluation of a Laser System for Autonomous Weeding Robots
Authors: Czymmek Vitali , Völckner Jost , Hussmann Stephan
Published: November 2024

Manual weed control is becoming increasingly costly, necessitating the development of alternative methods. This work investigates the feasibility of using laser technology for autonomous weed regulation. We developed a system utilizing a laser scanner to target and eliminate weeds, which was first tested using a pilot laser for accuracy and performance. Subsequently, the system was upgraded with a high-power fiber laser. Experimental results demonstrated a high weed destruction accuracy with real-time capabilities. The system achieved efficient weed control with minimal environmental impact, providing a potential alternative for sustainable agriculture.
Fecal Carriage and Risk Factors Associated with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-/AmpC-/Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli in Dogs from Italy
Authors: Facchin Alessia , Ratti Gabriele , Filipe Joel , Penati Martina , Gazzonis Alessia L. , Masiero Greta , Dall’Ara Paola , Alborali Giovanni L. , Lauzi Stefania
Published: November 2024

MDR bacteria are an emerging global threat to public health, and the role of dogs in the rise of antimicrobial resistance is under investigation. This study investigated the fecal shedding of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-, AmpC- and carbapenemase (CP)-producing Escherichia coli and associated risk factors in dogs admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Lodi, University of Milan, or other veterinary clinics and kennels in Northen Italy. Feces collected in 2020–2022 were microbiologically and molecularly analyzed. ESBL-/AmpC-/CP-producing E. coli was detected in 14/100 (14%) dogs. Eleven (11%), five (5%) and one (1%) dogs carried ESBL-, AmpC- and CP-producing E. coli phenotypes, respectively, supported by the PCR detection of blaCTX-M and/or blaTEM in ESBL-producing E. coli; blaCMY-2 and the presence of putative low-level AmpC production in AmpC-producing E. coli; and blaOXA-48 in CP-producing E. coli. Different combinations of resistance genes and genetic features were observed. Multidrug resistance was observed in 13/14 (92.9%) E. coli isolates. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that ESBL-/AmpC-/CP-producing E. coli fecal shedding tended to be associated with antibiotic treatment (p = 0.058; OR = 3.87). The detection of ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli, along with the presence of a carbapenemase-resistant E. coli isolate from domestic dogs, although still limited, emphasizes the need for antimicrobial stewardship and specific surveillance programs, particularly for CP-producing bacteria in companion animals.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Structural Analysis, and Evaluation of Anti-Tumor, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Halogenoaminopyrazoles Derivatives
Authors: Zalaru Christina , Dumitrascu Florea , Draghici Constantin , Ferbinteanu Marilena , Tarcomnicu Isabela , Marinescu Maria , Moldovan Zenovia , Nitulescu George Mihai , Tatia Rodica , Popa Marcela
Published: November 2024

New haloaminopyrazole derivatives differing in the number of pyrazole nuclei 4a–f and 5a–e, respectively, were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, UV-Vis, and elemental analysis. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction method was used to describe compounds 4a and 5d. When tested on normal NCTC fibroblasts in vitro, the newly synthesized derivatives were shown to be non-cytotoxic at a dosage of 25 μg/mL. Two compounds 4a and 5d showed a high degree of biocompatibility. From the two series of compounds tested on HEp-2 human cervical carcinoma cells, compound 5d showed a more pronounced antiproliferative effect. Gram-positive strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212, Gram-negative strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, and strains of Escherichia coli ATCC25922 were used to test the newly synthesized compounds antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Among the studied pyrazole compounds, 2 compounds 4a and 5a with fluorine content on the phenyl ring and 4 compounds 4b, 4e, 4f, and 5b with chlorine content on the phenyl ring were noted, which proved to be the most active compared with the two reference drugs, metronidazole and nitrofurantoin. The six compounds showed a broad spectrum of action against all four tested bacterial strains, the most active being compound 4b, with a chlorine atom in the “4” position of the phenyl nucleus and a MIC of 460 μg/mL. Compounds 4a and 5a showed the best antibiofilm activity against the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, with an MBIC of 230 μg/mL.