bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Belief-Rule-Based Intelligent Decision System to Select Hospital Location
Authors: Islam Md. Mahbubul , Mahmud Tanjim , Hossain Mohammad Shahadat
Published: April 2016

The general public’s demand of Bangladesh for safe health is rising promptly with the improvement of the living standard.  However, the allocation of limited and unbalanced medical resources is deteriorating the assurance of safe health of the people. Therefore, the new hospital construction with rational allocation of resources is imminent and significant. The site selection for hospital is one of the crucial policy-related decisions taken by planners and policy makers. The process of hospital site selection is inherently complicated because of this involves many factors to be measured and evaluated. These factors are expressed both in objective and subjective ways where as a hierarchical relationship exists among the factors. In addition, it is difficult to measure qualitative factors in a quantitative way, resulting incompleteness in data and hence, uncertainty. Besides it is essential to address the subject of uncertainty by using apt methodology; otherwise, the decision to choose a suitable site will become inapt. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the application of a novel method named belief rule-based inference methodology-RIMER base intelligent decision system(IDS), which is capable of addressing suitable site for hospital by taking account of large number of criteria, where there exist factors of  both subjective and objective nature.
Design front rake angle of PDC bit based on SolidWorks simulation method
Authors: HAN Xiaoming , LUO Chenxu , HAN Xingyu
Published: April 2016

In order to solve the bit front rake angle parameter selection problem of under different coal rock, it is proposed in polycrystalline diamond compact no core bit as the research object, and established a bit compact two-dimensional stress model of cutting teeth. The result shows that the front rake angle is the factor of cutting force and the drilling efficiency. Application of SolidWorks simulation carries out the finite element simulation analysis respectively to different front rake angle of bit model under the condition of soft rock and hard rock. Form the simulation it concludes that under the condition of soft rock and hard rock, the optimal front rake angle is 10° and 15° respectively. It is obtained that the strength of the bit is largest and the life is longest on the best front rake angle of bit.
Information Security Risk Assessment Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: He Ming Xiang , An Xin
Published: April 2016

Information security risk assessment was an important component of information systems security engineering and the selection of assessment method had a direct impact on the final results of the assessment. But there were too many elements in the process of information security risk assessment. How to find the optimal elements from many elements to simplify the calculation of risk value and provide a strong basis for taking relevant measures, which was a problem needed to be solved. In addition, the reliability of the risk assessment results could not be guaranteed only through a single qualitative or quantitative assessment method. By Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the relative weight of elements related to information security risk could be calculated. Then the optimal indicators, which provided a strong basis for taking relevant measures, could be selected by sorting the weights of elements to reduce the number of indicators. Moreover, Analytic Hierarchy Process, a method of the combination of qualitative and quantitative assessment methods, could overcome the shortcomings of single qualitative or quantitative assessment method.
A iconoclastia da natureza: Ecos do expressionismo na literatura alemã dos anos 80
Authors: Sousa Celeste H. M. Ribeiro de
Published: April 2016

In der expressionistischen Lyrik kann man einen ersten großen Bruch in den Beziehungen zwischen Mensch und Natur beobachten. In expressionistischen Gedichten, wie z.B. in Weltende von Jakob van Hoddis, werden die menschliche Angst und das Mißtrauen vor dem von der industriellen Revolution gebrachten Fortschritt auf eine schockierende Weise, d.h. durch apokalyptische Bilder, ausgedrückt.Diese Thematik der Naturzerstörung wird in den 80er Jahren auf eine emphatische Weise wiederaufgenommen. Es handelt sich jetzt um eine Naturzerstörung durch die moderne, oder besser: post-moderne, Technologie, d.h. um einem zweiten großen Bruch in den Beziehungen zwischen Mensch und Natur. Unter anderen Sarah Kirsch widmet sich der Aufgabe, die beschädigte Welt von heute, d.h. die betonierte Landschaft, die vergifteten Wälder, Flüsse, und die Verschmutzung der Luft, in Gedichten zu gestalten.
Die Frau im Spiegel deutscher Sprichwörter
Authors: Glenk Eva Maria Ferreira
Published: April 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar os provérbios como padrões de pensamento que refletem e reforçam através de seu uso os valores e as normas de uma sociedade. Apresentaremos o tratamento dispensado à mulher nos provérbios de língua alemã, contrapondo-os aos provérbios que tratam do homem, evidenciando a relação entre provérbio e realidade.
O teatro épico de Brecht
Authors: Costa Iná Camargo
Published: April 2016

Dieser Artikel ist eine gekürzte Fassung des Kapitels "Sinta o drama" aus dem gleichnamigen Buch. Er untersucht Brechts Gründe, sein Theater als episch zu bezeichnen, ausgehend von wichtigen Literaturkritikern wie Peter Szondi, Adorno, Lukács und Anatol Rosenfeld sowie Brecht selbst.
À margem do abismo: uma interpretação poetológica de “Zürich, zum Storchen”, de Paul Celan
Authors: Perez Juliana P.
Published: April 2016

Das Gedicht “Zürich, zum Storchen” von Paul Celan wird oft als Zeugnis der Spannung zwischen ihm und Nelly Sachs gelesen, die vor allem durch die verschiedenen Einstellungen bezüglich der Schoah entstanden ist. Wird aber das Gedicht im Zusammenhang mit dem Zyklus Die Niemandsrose und mit der poetologischen Reflexion gelesen, die Celan zu dieser Zeit beschäftigte, dann geht Celans Gegenposition weit über eine theologische Diskussion hinaus: Sie gilt der Behauptung der menschlichen Präsenz.
Deutsche Fachsprachen: alte und neue Erfahrungen mit dem Begriff ‚Kultur’ in den Geisteswissenschaften und im Bereich Deutsch als Fremdsprache
Authors: Monteiro Maria J. P.
Published: April 2016

Nas áreas de estudos Alemão como Língua Estrangeira e Alemão para Fins Específicos é evidente, nos últimos anos, o uso inflacionário e até, às vezes, impróprio, de conceitos relacionados aos adjetivos cultural e intercultural. Frequentemente, os conceitos são usados de tal forma que apenas servem para fomentar o crescimento, a fixação e a difusão de estereótipos e preconceitos. No semestre de inverno 2006/07 foi oferecido um curso denominado “Fachsprachen und Kultur” (Magisterstudiengang Deutsch als Fremdsprache), no qual deveriam ser estudados os conceitos de cultura usados nas diferentes disciplinas. Aqui são apresentadas as conclusões de alguns participantes sobre o uso do conceito nas suas áreas principais ou secundárias. Os resulta dos mostram que se faz urgente e necessário ocupar-se com os conceitos de cultura que vigoram em nossa disciplina, para que estereótipos não se tornem a base de uma didática do Alemão como Língua Estrangeira.
O mal-estar da Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Krausz Luís S.
Published: April 2016

Em Der Fall Maurizius, romance de Jakob Wassermann de 1928, parcialmente ambientado em 1908, à época da República de We imar, o autor critica o pragmatismo alemão, apoiado numa burocracia de estado que, mesmo de pois do fim do Império, continua a exercer o poder de maneira absoluta. Wass ermann revolta-se contra a má administração da justiça, e contra o caráter perverso daqueles que, tendo  se apoderado do aparelho estatal, arrogam a si mesmos o papel de representantes dos mel hores princípios do humanismo alemão. O pragmatismo, assim, apresenta-se como a falsif icação daqueles valores que supostamente o legitimariam – notadamente, do princípio de Justiça, Gerechtigkeit . A inocência de um adolescente, Etzel von Andergast, filho de um grande promotor, é o que traz à luz este estado de adulteração. Ao mesmo tempo, a figura de Waremme, descendente de judeus provenientes de regiões da Polônia ocupadas pela Prússia desde 1772, é uma figura sinistra, que rompeu com o legado ético de seus antepassados, pretendendo exercer um papel de destaque no movimento nacionalista alemão, para frustrar-se e ocupar posição marginal numa sociedade repleta de desencaminhados e perplexos. Desta forma o autor representa as aporias de uma geração que sente na pele esse exílio da justiça e a crise generalizada de valores.
A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA DA INTEGRAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS CONSTRUTIVAS COMO FERRAMENTA DE PROJETO
Authors: Cândido Luis Henrique Alves , Miritz Suzane , Pureza Jéssica Do Canto
Published: April 2016

Das etapas metodológicas para o desenvolvimento de produtos, a aplicação de práticas construtivas pode ser orientada pela fabricação de modelos, protótipos e maquetes. Diante da evolução das ferramentas de projeto e da necessidade contínua de inovação, cada vez mais se necessita de laboratórios e oficinas que contemplem estruturas tecnológicas de equipamentos e pessoal de apoio. Essa estrutura visa a auxiliar a prática pedagógica orientada pela integração do projeto virtual e sua análise física. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um estudo de caso no qual foi desenvolvido um equipamento utilizado para filtragem de água para consumo humano. Para isso, foi realizada a construção de um modelo estrutural que integrou tecnologias de corte a laser, de impressão 3D e processos manuais de fabricação. O foco dessa prática foi a análise, a reflexão e a validação de princípios e parâmetros projetuais a serem aplicados no projeto final. O resultado da aplicação dessa prática pedagógica, apontam para a relevância da integração de processos tecnológicos com práticas manuais, proporcionando, dessa forma, um fluxo contínuo e dinâmico de aprendizagem orientada para a resolução de problemas funcionais e construtivos.
Explaining Beijing’s Shift from Active to Passive Engagement in Relation to the Arab-Israeli Conflict
Authors: Burton Guy
Published: April 2016

As a ‘rising power’, China is expected to play a greater global role. But current Chinese involvement in the long-running and internationalised Arab-Israeli conflict is limited. How to explain this? What does it suggest about China’s regional and global role? Studying Beijing’s involvement since the 1950s, I note Chinese military assistance to the Palestinians during the 1960s-70s and strong criticism of Israel. But from the 1980s Beijing adopted a more diplomatic approach and endorsed the two-state solution. The change was due to China’s broader regional and international relations. During the Cold War Beijing’s ‘active’ pro-Palestinian stance was associated with being ‘outside’ the superpower-dominated international system. By the end of the Cold War Beijing was ‘inside’ the international system and increasingly integrated into the global economy. Commercial considerations trumped political ones, emphasising diplomacy. This suggests China’s exercise of global power may be more nuanced and less overt than otherwise assumed.
The Gulf Looks East
Authors: Gresh Geoffrey F.
Published: April 2016

The United States must now confront a new and emerging dynamic as most Gulf Cooperation Council countries have begun to increasingly diversify their political, economic, and security partnerships to include China. For Gulf Arab monarchies, the choice of security or economic partner is made more complicated by increased domestic and regional instability stemming in part from Iraq, Syria, and Iran. Understanding the shifting economic and political alliances is vitally important for understanding the future of regional security and politics. This article examines Gulf Arab national security—particularly through the case of Saudi Arabia—and how the Gulf monarchies have increasingly bolstered their economic and political partnerships with China in recent years due in part to widespread anti-U.S. sentiment and the threat of domestic upheaval. It looks specifically at how Gulf national security can be shaped by internal versus external threats and what this means for the future of regional security.
Crnjanski’s New Textuality: The Poetic Play Mask (1918)
Authors: Orlić Milan
Published: April 2016

This essay is about the emergence of a new sensibility and a new textuality in Serbian Modernism/postmodernism, constituted by the poetic and prose works of Miloš Crnjanksi amongst other. A survey of earlier, 19th century Serbian prose and drama, demonstrates that the Modernist/postmodern poetics had its antecedents in the works of Jovan Sterija Popović and Đorđe Marković Koder, which demonstrates the continuity of Serbian literature through the all the phases inherent in European (French) literatures of the 19th and 20th century. Crnjanski’s early poetic play Mask is analysed through the sensibility of a new “world malaise” and the poetic principle of “Sumatraism” which make up Crnjanksi’s “Nihilism.” This is decoded as a sensibility close to the Absurd, which has consequences for the structure of Crnjanski’s subsequent works as well as for the development of Yugolsav/Serbian Modernism/postmodernism.
Fin-de-siècle Lyrical Drama and the European Modernist Sensibility on the Eve of World War One
Authors: Vladiv-Glover Slobodanka
Published: April 2016

The paper analyses the relationship of lyrical drama, which emerged as the dominant genre of European Modernism, and opera, representing a paradigm shift in European thought on the eve of World War One. The musical metaphor of love-death, originating in Wagner’s Tristan and Isolde, was adopted widely and transposed into verbal art by the dramatists and prose-writers of Modernism in Eastern and Western Europe. This metaphor or leit-motif is read in the context of the theory of the Freudian death-drive and the emergence of a modern analytic of finitude, which announces a new European cultural paradigm, grounded in identity and difference. A new ‘modern’ sensibility is formed out of these metaphysical elements, which come to expression in the Modernist genre of lyrical drama, in which a synaesthetic relationship is forged between music and the verbal text. A musical motif (love-death) is generalised into desire in the verbal text which it structures through intonation, gesture and the representation of unconscious drives on stage.
A description of eleven new species of Agaricus sections Xanthodermatei and Hondenses collected from Tibet and the surrounding areas
Authors: Zhou Jun-Liang , Su Sheng-Yu , Su Hong-Yan , Wang Bo , Callac Philippe , Guinberteau Jacques , Hyde Kevin D , Zhao Rui-Lin
Published: April 2016

Specimens of Agaricus sections Xanthodermatei and Hondenses were collected in Tibet and the surrounding areas. All specimens were morphologically described and subjected to molecular phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and combined ITS, LSU and tef-1α sequence data using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. Twelve species were identified in this study, eleven of which were new species and one of which was identified in China for the first time. All of the identified species are described and illustrated with photo plates.
Miconia astrocalyx (Melastomataceae, Miconieae): a new species from Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Meirelles Julia , Lima Duane Fernandes , Goldenberg Renato
Published: April 2016

A new species of Miconia from Brazilian Cerrado vegetation is described and illustrated. Miconia astrocalyx belongs to the “Miconia albicans clade”, which is part of Miconia section Miconia subsection Seriatiflorae. This species can be distinguished from the species in this subsection by the stellate yellowish indumentum on the branches and abaxial leaf surface, the large calyx lobes persistent in fruit, petal margins with glandular-stipitate trichomes, and connective appendages ventrally slightly bilobed with a very small dorsal inconspicuous tooth. Additionally, we provide comments about its distribution, habitat, phenology and taxonomic affinities.
The New World Gibbobruchus Pic (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): description of a new species and phylogenetic insights into the evolution of host associations and biogeography
Authors: MANFIO DAIARA , JORGE ISAAC R. , MORSE GEOFFREY E. , RIBEIRO-COSTA CIBELE S.
Published: April 2016

The seed beetle Gibbobruchus tridentatus Manfio, Jorge & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. is described from the Amazon basin in Brazil (Acre) and Ecuador (Napo), and is included in an updated key to the species of Gibbobruchus Pic. This new species and the recently described G. bergamini Manfio & Ribeiro-Costa are incorporated into a phylogenetic reanalysis of the genus and into a comparative analysis of host plant use and biogeography. Species groups previously proposed were supported and the evolutionary history in host plant-use shows Gibbobruchus conserved at tribe level, Cercideae (Caesalpinioideae), with coordination between biogeographic expansion and host genus shifts. Both species, Gibbobruchus tridentatus Manfio, Jorge & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. and G. bergamini, were placed within the group scurra (G. tridentatus (G. scurra (G. cavillator+G. bolivianus+G. bergamini))) and supported by one synapomorphy. Additionally, we update geographic distributions and host plant records. Two hosts, Bauhinia argentinensis Burkart and B. tarapotensis Benth. are recorded for the first time as hosts for the genus and for the subfamily.
First records of the genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae: Corinnidae, Castianeirinae) from Asia, with the description of two new species from India and one new combination
Authors: MURTHAPPA PRASHANTHAKUMARA S. , PRAJAPATI DHRUV A. , SANKARAN PRADEEP M. , SEBASTIAN POTHALIL A.
Published: April 2016

The hitherto Afrotropical corinnid spider genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 is recorded from Asia for the first time. Detailed morphological descriptions and genitalic illustrations of two new species, C. deorsa sp. n. and C. tuma sp. n. from India, are provided. One new combination is proposed: Cambalida flavipes (Gravely, 1931) comb. nov. The occurrence of distal femoral constrictions of III and IV legs of both male and female are recognised as additional somatic features for the genus Cambalida. The current distribution of all the three Indian Cambalida spp. is mapped.
The cane or marine toad, Rhinella marina (Anura, Bufonidae): two genetically and morphologically distinct species
Authors: ACEVEDO ALDEMAR A. , LAMPO MARGARITA , CIPRIANI ROBERTO
Published: April 2016

Rhinella marina is a Neotropical toad that has been introduced widely worldwide. Its toxic effects to frog-eating predators threaten the native and domestic fauna of some regions where it has been introduced. Despite previous studies suggesting two genetically distinct cryptic species within R. marina, one east and one west of the Andes, its taxonomic status remained unresolved due to the absence of morphological complementary evidence. For the first time, data from two mitochondrial genes (ND3 and CR) and 23 morphometric landmarks are combined to evaluate the taxonomic status of this species. Our results support the hypothesis of two separate evolutionary lineages within R. marina and demonstrate that these lineages have significantly diverged in skull shape. We identified two distinct morphotypes, one eastern and one Andean western, with no overlapping morphospaces. The geographic pattern of genetic variation was consistent with a stable structured population with no evidence of recent demographic or geographic expansions. The concordance between the observed geographic patterns in morphometric and genic traits calls for the recognition of two species under R. marina name.
Superior Ultra‐Audiometric Hearing: A New Type of Hearing Loss Which Correlates Highly with Unusually Good Speech in the “Profoundly Deaf”
Authors: Berlin Charles I. , Wexler Kathryn F. , Jerger James F. , Halperin Henry R. , Smith Sharron
Published: April 2016

This paper reports 42 severely‐to‐profoundly deaf subjects, 6 of whom have better hearing in the range of 8 to 14 kHz than below 8 kHz. Data on speech capabilities in these six subjects suggest that this ultra‐audiometric range may contribute to their speech comprehension and control.
Basic Science Approach to Otoplasty for Prominent Ears
Authors: Wright William K.
Published: April 2016

Variations of the conchal setback operation for prominent ears have produced my best long‐term otoplasty results. Additional use of the Mustarde mattress sutures combined with cartilage weakening techniques must be used when the anthelix cartilage is thick and flat or concaved, but they should never be used above the beginning of the inferior crus. Other additional techniques which can be used to supplement or replace the Mustarde sutures are radical postauricular skin excision and closure under tension, incision and suturing to sharpen the inferior crus, and mattress sutures from the periosteum to the fossa triangulars or anterior helix. Methods for correction of lobular protrusion are also discussed.
Consideration of Acoustic Reflex Magnitude (ARM) in Cases of Idiopathic Facial Paralysis
Authors: Ruth Roger A. , Nilo Ernest R. , Mravec Joseph J.
Published: April 2016

Contralaterally elicited acoustic reflex growth functions were obtained from both ears of patients with unilateral idiopathic facial paralysis. Comparison was then made between the normal and impaired reflex arc by means of a simple calculation procedure. The resultant acoustic reflex magnitude (ARM) score was used to evaluate the symmetry of these responses, thereby providing an objective quantification of the functional status of the impaired reflex arc. These measures were found to be highly correlated with both the degree and rate of recovery of the facial motor impairment.
Localization of Collagenase in Chronically Inflamed Guinea Pig Temporal Bone
Authors: Gantz Bruce J. , Abramson Maxwell , Huang Cheng‐Chun
Published: April 2016

Bone destruction, commonly associated with chronic otitis media, requires collagen degradation. Collagenase, a neutral protease, appears to be an essential component in the process of collagen breakdown. Collagenase was Identified within chronically Inflamed and normal guinea pig temporal bones using an Immunohistochemical technique with fluorescein isothyocyanate and peroxidase‐antiperoxidase labels. Localization of the enzyme identifies sites of matrix resorption.

Collagenase was found in osteoclasts, osteocytes, mononuclear inflammatory cells, and at resorbing margins. Inflammation increased the intracellular collagenase content of inflammatory bone osteocytes when compared to normal osteocytes using a microspectrofluorometer. It appears that the inflammatory process directly influences bone destruction through the action of mononuclear inflammatory cells and indirectly by stimulating bone cells to increase their proteolytic enzyme production.
The Anatomy of the Subglottic Larynx
Authors: Carter Donald R. , Meyers Arlen D.
Published: April 2016

There is little concensus concerning the boundaries of the subglottic space. To better define the subglottis, 50 head and neck surgeons were asked to define its anatomic limits. In addition, the larynx of each of 50 adult cadavers was removed and four measurements in the anterior subglottis were taken. The results revealed significantly smaller subglottic dimensions for women than for men. In most women, the cricothyroid membrane was situated less than 1 cm from the glottis in the anterior midline.
Arteriolar Sclerosis as a Cause of Presbycusis
Authors: Makishima Kazumi
Published: April 2016

Temporal bones, brains, and kidneys of 40 patients over 50 years of age were studied histopathologically, paying special attention to angiosclerotic changes. The histopathologic findings were correlated with audiometric and manometric records obtained while the patients were alive. A close relation existed among the lumen narrowing of the internal auditory artery, spiral ganglion atrophy, and hearing loss. The angiosclerotic changes of the Willis' circle, encephalomalacia, and hearing loss were also related.
Cochlear Nerve Projections following Organ of Corti Destruction
Authors: Webster Douglas B. , Webster Molly
Published: April 2016

Experimental organ of Corti destruction results in (1) secondary loss of all type I spiral ganglion neurons, (2) development of type III spiral ganglion neurons, (3) degeneration of most cochlear nerve myelinated fibers, and (4) terminal degeneration in the ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei. The first signs of degenerative changes occur by eight days after organ of Corti destruction and degeneration debris remains until 28 weeks after destruction.
Fibrous Xanthoma of the Frontal Sinus
Authors: McDonald Thomas J. , Weiland Louis H.
Published: April 2016

Frontal sinus mucocele was our preoperative diagnosis in a patient who had frontal swelling and downward displacement of the eye. Supporting this were typical roentgenogram changes, a long history of asthma, pansinusitis, and previous multiple‐polypectomy surgery. Frontal sinus exploration revealed a locally eroding lesion.

It was composed of spindled cells and lipid‐laden histiocyctes with a pattern of fibrous xanthoma and was treated conservatively. It should not be confused with true malignancies such as fibrous histiocytoma having a similar histopathologic appearance and requiring more aggressive surgical treatment.
Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
Authors: Stucker Fred J.
Published: April 2016

Lentigo maligna melanoma is a malignant melanoma with a recognizable clinical pattern. It is a slow‐growing, pigmented tumor evolving from a premalignant lesion on the exposed cutaneous surface of an elderly patient. Histologically, it is marked by pleomorphism of melanocytes with evidence of invasion.

A case is presented demonstrating the features of this malignant melanoma with an exceptionally good prognosis. The importance of the clinical and histologic correlation is emphasized to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.
Adult Invasive Subcutaneous Hemangioma
Authors: Calcaterra Thomas C. , Weiss Arthur J.
Published: April 2016

Hemangiomas consist of a spectrum of benign vascular tumors with variable clinical behavior and microscopic morphology, which usually occur in infancy. A rare variant of these tumors is the invasive subcutaneous hemangioma, which shows an aggressive growth pattern by invading subcutaneous structures and recurring after apparent excision. The authors describe an adult patient with a large submandibular invasive hemangioma who was treated by preoperative embolization and surgical excision.
Bronchogenic Cysts: A Case Report
Authors: Strome Marshall
Published: April 2016

The otolaryngologist has a reference frame for congenital stridor that rarely includes diagnosis of a bronchogenic cyst. The life‐threatening potential of this lesion makes consideration and recognition imperative. Representing less than 5% of the mediastinal childhood masses in the infant, respiratory distress most often initiates diagnostic studies leading to identification and extirpation. The case presentation highlights the clinical course.

The diagnostic hallmark of this case was the delayed onset of stridor with subsequent progression. Thereafter, a chest film and barium swallow suggested the diagnosis. In newborns, however, such cysts may not be evident on routine chest films and, nonetheless, cause significant respiratory distress from airway compression.

Surgical extirpation should be affected as soon as possible after the diagnosis is entertained in order to insure against a sudden respiratory death.
Cis‐Platinum Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Jacobs Charlotte , Bertino Joseph R. , Goffinet Don R. , Fee Willard E. , Goode Richard L.
Published: April 2016

Sixteen patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas were treated with cis‐diamminedichloro platinum chemotherapy; seven preoperatively and nine for recurrent disease. Cis‐platinum was given by 24‐hour infusions of 80 mg/m2 every three weeks. There was 50% regression in 38% (6) of the patients; another 38% (6) had 25% to 50% regression. Toxicity was minimal, with vomiting occurring in 75% (12) of the courses, renal toxicity in 6% (2), leukopenia in 13% (4), thrombocytopenia in 9% (3), and anemia in 31% (10). Of the seven patients who had serial audiograms, only one experienced ototoxicity. Cis‐platinum, given by 24‐hour infusion, was effective in reducing tumor bulk in 75% (12) of the patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas, without undue morbidity.
Sources of Error in Interpretation of Caloric Tests
Authors: Becker Gary D.
Published: April 2016

Caloric testing plays a prominent role in evaluating the vestibular system. A unilateral reduced vestibular response (RVR) is a common abnormality and is consistent with peripheral vestibular pathology. An erroneous interpretation of RVR may be made due to the following circumstances: laboratory technique, the influence of directional preponderance (DP) on monothermal tests (MT), unilateral hyperactivity, or pseudocaloric (PC) nystagmus. These errors in interpretation may be avoided by (1) repeating any single irrigation that is significantly different from the other three, to rule out laboratory technical error; (2) performing bithermal (BT) testing if any abnormality on monothermal testing exists, to eliminate the effects of directional preponderance; (3) observing that a right/left (R/L) difference is not due to unilateral hyperactivity, by noting absolute slow phase (SP) velocity; and (4) by demonstrating bidirectional sensitivity of the cupula before concluding that residual caloric function exists instead of no function.
Chronic Bacterial Tonsillitis: Fact or Fiction
Authors: Sasaki Clarence T. , Koss Neal
Published: April 2016

Chronic bacterial tonsillitis can be validly supported etiologically by quantitative bacteriologic methods. The following observations are based on a recognition that the mere presence of bacteria is much less significant than the level of bacteria present. The chronically infected adult patient may be characterized by tonsils subclinically harboring greater than 105 bacteria/gm as opposed to the control patient with 103 bacteria/gm. Useful features in predicting high bacterial levels are (1) low number of crypts, (2) presence of nodal hypertrophy, and (3) tonsils small by actual size. Estimated tonsil size, determined preoperatively, shows no statistically significant correlation with either actual size or degree of tonsil sepsis.
Permanent Threshold Shift and Cochlear Hair Cell Loss in the Kanamycin‐Treated Guinea Pig
Authors: Prosen Cynthia A. , Petersen Michael R. , Moody David. B. , Stebbins William C. , Hawkins Joseph E.
Published: April 2016

The differential contribution of the inner hair cells (IHC) and the outer hair cells (OHC) in the mammalian cochlea to hearing sensitivity was assessed in six behaviorally‐trained guinea pigs by comparing audiograms preadministration and postadministration of kanamycin, an antibiotic that predominantly destroys guinea pig OHC while leaving the IHC structurally unchanged. The results support the hypothesis that only the IHC of the cochlea responds to tones approximately 50 to 60 dB above the threshold of the intact cochlea.
Vesiculobullous Lesions of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
Authors: Ossoff Robert H. , Wolff Alan P.
Published: April 2016

Vesiculobullous lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract are among the most frequently occurring disease processes of the oral soft tissues. Pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid, erythema multiforme, and erosive lichen planus are compared and contrasted with each other and with vesiculobullous eruptions of viral origin. Clinical photographs and photomicrographs of these disease processes are presented. Treatment modalities are briefly discussed.
The Ear, Nose, and Throat Devices Classification Panel of the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Naunton Ralph F. , Sauberman Harry R.
Published: April 2016

The passage into law in 1976 of the Medical Device Amendments authorized the FDA to regulate the safety and efficacy of medical devices. The effects of this regulation are contrasted with the mode of entry of medical devices onto the market prior to 1976. The structure and operation of Ear, Nose, and Throat Devices Classification Panel is described briefly. Continued input from otolaryngologists and allied professionals is encouraged.
Nasofrontal Ancle Changes in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Webster Richard C. , Davidson Terence M. , Smith Richard C.
Published: April 2016

In emphasizing changes in the nasal tip, the rhinoplastic surgeon often neglects modifications that should be made in other aspects of the profile. Techniques that advance, retrodisplace, and inferiorly or superiorly displace the nasofrontal angle are discussed, calling attention to this part of the profile. Nasofrontal angle modifications can (1) eliminate certain hazards of tip changing alone, (2) make possible effects that cannot be achieved with tip positioning alone, and (3) make rhinoplasty more predictable in certain cases.
MutSpec: a Galaxy toolbox for streamlined analyses of somatic mutation spectra in human and mouse cancer genomes
Authors: Ardin Maude , Cahais Vincent , Castells Xavier , Bouaoun Liacine , Byrnes Graham , Herceg Zdenko , Zavadil Jiri , Olivier Magali
Published: April 2016

Background

The nature of somatic mutations observed in human tumors at single gene or genome-wide levels can reveal information on past carcinogenic exposures and mutational processes contributing to tumor development. While large amounts of sequencing data are being generated, the associated analysis and interpretation of mutation patterns that may reveal clues about the natural history of cancer present complex and challenging tasks that require advanced bioinformatics skills. To make such analyses accessible to a wider community of researchers with no programming expertise, we have developed within the web-based user-friendly platform Galaxy a first-of-its-kind package called MutSpec.

Results

MutSpec includes a set of tools that perform variant annotation and use advanced statistics for the identification of mutation signatures present in cancer genomes and for comparing the obtained signatures with those published in the COSMIC database and other sources. MutSpec offers an accessible framework for building reproducible analysis pipelines, integrating existing methods and scripts developed in-house with publicly available R packages. MutSpec may be used to analyse data from whole-exome, whole-genome or targeted sequencing experiments performed on human or mouse genomes. Results are provided in various formats including rich graphical outputs. An example is presented to illustrate the package functionalities, the straightforward workflow analysis and the richness of the statistics and publication-grade graphics produced by the tool.

Conclusions

MutSpec offers an easy-to-use graphical interface embedded in the popular Galaxy platform that can be used by researchers with limited programming or bioinformatics expertise to analyse mutation signatures present in cancer genomes. MutSpec can thus effectively assist in the discovery of complex mutational processes resulting from exogenous and endogenous carcinogenic insults.
gtrellis: an R/Bioconductor package for making genome-level Trellis graphics
Authors: Gu Zuguang , Eils Roland , Schlesner Matthias
Published: April 2016

Background

Trellis graphics are a visualization method that splits data by one or more categorical variables and displays subsets of the data in a grid of panels. Trellis graphics are broadly used in genomic data analysis to compare statistics over different categories in parallel and reveal multivariate relationships. However, current software packages to produce Trellis graphics have not been designed with genomic data in mind and lack some functionality that is required for effective visualization of genomic data.

Results

Here we introduce the gtrellis package which provides an efficient and extensible way to visualize genomic data in a Trellis layout. gtrellis provides highly flexible Trellis layouts which allow efficient arrangement of genomic categories on the plot. It supports multiple-track visualization, which makes it straightforward to visualize several properties of genomic data in parallel to explain complex relationships. In addition, gtrellis provides an extensible framework that allows adding user-defined graphics.

Conclusions

The gtrellis package provides an easy and effective way to visualize genomic data and reveal high dimensional relationships on a genome-wide scale. gtrellis can be flexibly extended and thus can also serve as a base package for highly specific purposes. gtrellis makes it easy to produce novel visualizations, which can lead to the discovery of previously unrecognized patterns in genomic data.
Anisotropy signatures in the Cooper Basin of Australia: Stress versus fractures
Authors: Tyiasning Stephanie , Cooke Dennis
Published: April 2016

Theoretically, vertical fractures and stress can create horizontal transverse isotropy (HTI) anisotropy on 3D seismic data. Determining if seismic HTI anisotropy is caused by stress or fractures can be important for mapping and understanding reservoir quality, especially in unconventional reservoirs. Our study area was the Cooper Basin of Australia. The Cooper Basin is Australia’s largest onshore oil and gas producing basin that consists of shale gas, basin-centered tight gas, and deep coal play. The Cooper Basin has unusually high tectonic stress, with most reservoirs in a strike-slip stress regime, but the deepest reservoirs are interpreted to be currently in a reverse-fault stress regime. The seismic data from the Cooper Basin exhibit HTI anisotropy. Our main objective was to determine if the HTI anisotropy was stress induced or fracture induced. We have compared migration velocity anisotropy and amplitude variation with offset anisotropy extracted from a high-quality 3D survey with a “ground truth” of dipole sonic logs, borehole breakout, and fractures interpreted from image logs. We came to the conclusion that the HTI seismic anisotropy in our study area is likely stress induced.
Triaxial induction logging: New interpretation method for biaxial anisotropic formations — Part 1
Authors: Davydycheva Sofia , Kaminsky Alexandr
Published: April 2016

Due to recent advances in resistivity well logging theory and practice, new triaxial induction tools sensitive to resistivity anisotropy have been developed. We have used the new sensitivities of these tools and developed 1D-3D inversion schemes capable to reveal details of highly laminated shale reservoirs. The ability to simulate responses of the new tools to arbitrary anisotropic 3D media is key to their successful application. We have examined a new fast 1D electromagnetic modeling method to simulate triaxial logging tool responses. The method is used as a forward engine for a new 1D inversion scheme for anisotropic formation parameters. An important new feature of the modeling method is its ability to model new tool responses to biaxial anisotropic medium, whose anisotropy tensor has up to three different principal values. This feature is particularly useful to evaluate anisotropic and fractured formations. We have also developed a universal medium-independent 3D modeling technique that can simulate new-generation tool responses in arbitrary 3D media including fracturing, and we used it as a full 3D inversion engine. Synthetic responses and several 1D-3D inversion results for a practical triaxial induction tool illustrate new features of the resistivity logs and their applications. The new 3D inversion does not require any preprocessing borehole correction, which can introduce significant errors at bed boundaries and in thin laminations. As a result, a higher spatial resolution of the tool can be provided. The new method was used to demonstrate and exploit high sensitivities of triaxial tensor measurement to all three principal values of the conductivity tensor.
Glacial sedimentology interpretation from borehole image log: Example from the Late Ordovician deposits, Murzuq Basin (Libya)
Authors: Moreau Julien , Joubert Jean-Bernard
Published: April 2016

In the Murzuq Basin, the Late Ordovician glaciogenic succession forms a very complex clastic reservoir system. Although the structural setting is simple, the architecture of the stratigraphic succession is particularly intricate, and conventional wireline logs display rather homogeneous signatures. However, when exposed, the glaciogenic sedimentary succession indicates a very large range of depositional environments and clear stratigraphic changes. Based on high-quality processing and interpretation of wireline microresistivity image logs over a single well, our method allows the precise recognition of the internal sedimentary structures and supports the interpretation of the depositional environments within the Late Ordovician succession. During interpretation, it is possible to draw a descriptive sedimentological log, similar to a standard log from cores or outcrops. The image log is interpreted like a regular sedimentary log and compared to an outcrop analog from the nearby outcrop area of Ghat. The success of the well analysis resides in the quality of the borehole image log, permitting the recognition of sandstone grain sizes, textures (facies), and sorting. In addition, crucial information is extracted from the identification of glacial surface and ice-flow orientations, which, combined with the recognition of major transgressive events, allows the recognition and correlation of glacial-type stratigraphy. As in the modern Pleistocene glaciation, stadial/interstadial and glacial/interglacial stages are identified from resistivity imaging of the Libyan Ordovician succession. In addition to the unprecedented potential of correlation between wells within the basin, the sedimentary information extracted from the borehole image log provides important insights on the paleogeographic context of the basin and thus on the exploration potential of the prolific Ordovician-Silurian petroleum system.
Interpretation of fractured zones using seismic attributes — Case study from Teapot Dome, Wyoming, USA
Authors: Schneider Sarah , Eichkitz Christoph Georg , Schreilechner Marcellus Gregor , Davis John C.
Published: April 2016

We have used poststack seismic attributes to describe the fracture network of the naturally fractured Tensleep Formation at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, USA. The attributes include coherence, coherence based on spectral decomposed seismic data, attributes based on curvature, and textural attributes based on the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Results were compared with image log interpretations of four wells. Seismic attribute analysis allowed determination of strikes and dips as well as the intensity of fractures. The GLCM-based attributes proved especially valuable for building a discrete fracture network.
Provisional Tic Disorder: What to tell parents when their child first starts ticcing
Authors: Black Kevin J , Black Elizabeth Rose , Greene Deanna J. , Schlaggar Bradley L.
Published: April 2016

The child with recent onset of tics is a common patient in a pediatrics or child neurology practice. If the child’s first tic was less than a year in the past, the diagnosis is usually Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD). Published reviews by experts reveal substantial consensus on prognosis in this situation: the tics will almost always disappear in a few months, having remained mild while they lasted. Surprisingly, however, the sparse existing data may not support these opinions.

PTD may have just as much importance for science as for clinical care. It provides an opportunity to prospectively observe the spontaneous remission of tics. Such prospective studies may aid identification of genes or biomarkers specifically associated with remission rather than onset of tics. A better understanding of tic remission may also suggest novel treatment strategies for Tourette syndrome, or may lead to secondary prevention of tic disorders.

This review summarizes the limited existing data on the epidemiology, phenomenology, and outcome of PTD, highlights areas in which prospective study is sorely needed, and proposes that tic disorders may completely remit much less often than is generally believed.
Continuous Time Contests with Private Information
Authors: Seel Christian , Strack Philipp
Published: April 2016

This paper introduces a class of contest models in which each player decides when to stop a privately observed Brownian motion with drift and incurs costs depending on his stopping time. The player who stops his process at the highest value wins a prize. We prove existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium outcome and derive the equilibrium distribution in closed form. As the variance tends to zero, the equilibrium outcome converges to the symmetric equilibrium of an all-pay auction. For two players and constant costs, each player’s equilibrium profit decreases if the drift increases, the variance decreases, or the costs decrease.
Cellular Automaton Model with Dynamical 2D Speed-Gap Relation
Authors: Tian Junfang , Jia Bin , Ma Shoufeng , Zhu Chenqiang , Jiang Rui , Ding YaoXian
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes an improved cellular automaton traffic flow model based on the brake light model, taking into account that the desired time gap of vehicles is larger than one second. Although the hypothetical steady state of vehicles in the deterministic limit corresponds to a unique relationship between speeds and gaps in the proposed model, the traffic states of vehicles dynamically span a two-dimensional region in the plane of speed versus gap, due to the various randomizations. We show that our model reproduces (i) the free flow, synchronized flow, wide moving jams, as well as transitions among the three phases; (ii) the evolution features of disturbances and the spatiotemporal patterns in a car-following platoon; (iii) the empirical time series of traffic speed obtained from Next Generation Simulation data. Furthermore, the basic feature of time headway distribution is also qualitatively reproduced. Therefore, we argue that a model has the potential to reproduce the empirical and experimental features of traffic flow, provided that the traffic states can dynamically span a 2D speed-gap region.
Shakespeare: 400 years on
Authors: Lee-Potter Emma
Published: April 2016

A range of events and initiatives are being run to help schools mark the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's death. Emma Lee-Potter takes a look
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Shah T , Abu-Sanad O , Marsh H
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Paratesticular lesions are common, and one subgroup is paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. The latter is a relatively uncommon (but aggressive) tumour that affects children and adolescents predominantly. Ultrasound is the first-line investigation, but can be inconclusive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide useful information, but its role in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma is not clear.

Case History

We report a 17-year-old male who presented with a one-month history of a rapidly enlarging, non-tender, lump in the right testicle. Urgent ultrasound of the scrotum revealed a heterogenous paratesticular mass that was hypervascular and showed calcification in the right inguinal area. MRI of the pelvis showed a solid, enhancing lesion of dimension located superior to the upper pole of the right testes and a slightly heterogeneous T2 signal, but was homogenous post-contrast. The patient underwent right radical orchidectomy, and histology results were assessed. He received chemotherapy and is being followed up.

Conclusions

Improvements in imaging in addition to early surgical intervention and chemotherapy treatment are crucial to improve survival chances against rhabdomyosarcoma. Ultrasound findings for benign diseases may mimic those seen in rhabdomyosarcoma. In such cases of diagnostic uncertainty, our surgical team suggest MRI to reduce the risk of a delayed diagnosis and time to treatment.