bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traditional Knowledge and Medicinal Importance of African Rosewood (Pterocarpus Erinaceus Poir, Fabaceae) Across Sociolinguistic Groups in Benin
Authors: OUINSAVI Christine , KUIGA Bienvenue Nawan SOUROU , WEDJANGNON Appolinaire , HOUETCHEGNON Towanou , AKIN Yanik , DOSSOU Justin
Published: March 2021

Background

Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. is a spontaneous species from the three ecological zones of Benin. It is multipurpose species integrated to the socio-economic and cultural livelihood of populations, especially in rural areas. This study examined the different uses made of the organs of Pterocarpus erinaceus in Benin in relation to sociolinguistic diversity with a view to highlighting the knowledge of local populations on Pterocarpus erinaceus and the threats to the species.
Methods

A total of 355 respondents, spread over 18 townships in Benin, were interviewed using a questionnaire. About 57 uses shared into 7 categories of use have been identified from the different sociolinguistic and socio-professional groups. Relative citation frequencies (FRC) of each habitat were then calculated for the description of habitat variation according to Ecological zones (EZ). In order to describe the diversification of the categories of uses and the organs / part of the tree, Principal component analyzes are carried out on the matrices comprising relative citation frequencies (FRC) grouping together the socio-demographic factors and the categories of use under the packages FactoMineR and factoextra
Results

This study revelated that the wood of Pterocarpus erinaceus is used (25.43%) in crafts, as charcoal, and service wood, while the leaves are mainly used (23.14%) as fodder and by traditional medecine. Concerning the roots and bark, they are used (27.14%) not only for evil spirits and bewitchment but also in animal medecine in cattle. About 60 diseases and symptoms are cured by the various organs of Pterocarpus erinaceus. These different uses of Pterocarpus erinaceus varied from one sociolinguistic group to another.
Conclusion

The study showed that all organs of Pterocarpus erinaceus are used in various forms of use for various purposes and make it an important species for rural communities. This result suggests the need to define conservation strategies for natural stands of Pterocarpus erinaceus for the sustainable management of the species.
Rainfall thresholds of the debris flows based on various rainfall intensity types in Beijing
Authors: Wang Haizhi , Zeng Qingli , Xu Bing , Zhang Luqing
Published: March 2021

Empirical rainfall thresholds derived from various types of rainfall intensities have widely used in characterizing rainfall conditions that cause debris flows and landslides. However, few works have studied the differences among these various thresholds, due to limited information on the instantaneous intensity triggering debris flows. The detail records of the storms on 21 July, 2012, 20 July, 2016, and 16 July, 2018, together with the occurrence time of debris flows, provide an opportunity to evaluate the thresholds based on various rainfall intensities. Based these data, a new rainfall threshold of debris flows is derived from the instantaneous rainfall intensity in Beijing. At the same time, the thresholds based on average rainfall intensities as used in most previous studies, including the average over the periods from the beginnings of rainfall to the occurrences of the debris flows and over the whole period of the rainstorms, are reconstructed. The result shows that the instantaneous rainfall threshold has a higher ability in separating the rainstorms inducing from those without reducing debris flows than those derived from average intensities, indicating a high accurate of the instantaneous threshold. Our data also indicate that the debris flows in Beijing should be triggered by the concert works of rainfall intensity and cumulative precipitation. Only when enough water to infiltrate, saturate, mobilize the debris sediments, and sufficient high water flows and surges caused by intensive storms to incorporate and retain the mobilized sediments, are satisfied simultaneously do the debris flows occur.
Impact of Surgery on Quality of Life of Ugandan Women With Symptomatic Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kayondo Musa , Kaye Dan Kabonge , Migisha Richard , Tugume Rodgers , Kato Paul Kalyebara , Lugobe Henry Mark , Geissbuehler Verena
Published: March 2021

Background: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a significant public health issue that negatively affects the Quality of Life (QOL) of women in both low- and high-income countries. About 20% of women will undergo surgery for POP over their lifetime. However, there is a paucity of information on the effect of surgery on QOL especially in resource limited settings. We therefore sought to determine the QOL among women with symptomatic POP living in rural southwestern Uganda and the impact of surgery on their quality of life.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study among 120 women with symptomatic POP awaiting surgery at the urogynecology unit of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. The QOL at baseline and at 1 year after surgery in the domains of physical performance, social interaction, emotion state, sexual life, sleep quality, personal hygiene and urinary bladder function was determined using a King’s Quality of Life questionnaire. A paired t- test was used to compare the difference in mean scores at baseline and at 1-year post-surgery. Results: Of the 120 participants that were enrolled at baseline, 117(98%) completed the follow-up at 1 year. The baseline QOL was poor. The domains with the poorest QOL were physical, social, sexual, emotional and sleep quality. The mean QOL scores in all the domains and the overall QOL significantly improved 1 year after surgery (p<0.001). The overall QOL improved by 38.9% after surgery (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The QOL was poor among women with symptomatic POP and surgery improved the QOL in all the domains of life. We recommend that surgery as an option for treatment of symptomatic POP should be scaled up to improve on the QOL of these women.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A protects pancreatic beta cells during endoplasmic reticulum stress while rescuing translation inhibition
Authors: Panzhinskiy Evgeniy , Skovsø Søs , Cen Haoning , Chu Kwan , MacDonald Kate , Soukhatcheva Galina , Dionne Derek , Hallmaier-Wacker Luisa , Wildi Jennifer , Marcil Stephanie , Noursadeghi Nilou , Taghizadeh Farnaz , Verchere C. , Jan Eric , Johnson James
Published: March 2021

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) helps decide cell survival in diabetes. The alternative eukaryotic initiation factor 2A (EIF2A) has been proposed to mediate EIF2S1-independent translation during cellular stress and viral infection, but its role in cells is unknown. EIF2A abundance is high in human and mouse islets relative to other tissues, and both thapsigargin and palmitate significantly increased EIF2A mRNA and EIF2A protein levels in MIN6 cells, mouse islets and human islets. Knockdowns of EIF2A, the related factor EIF2D, or both EIF2A and EIF2D, were not sufficient to cause apoptosis. On the other hand, transient or stable EIF2A over-expression protected MIN6 cells, primary mouse islets, and human islets from ER stress-induced, caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Mechanistically, EIF2A overexpression decreased ERN1 (also known as IRE1) expression in thapsigargin-treated MIN6 cells or human islets. In vivo, cell specific EIF2A viral overexpression reduced ER stress, improved insulin secretion, and abrogated hyperglycemia in Ins2Akita/WT mice. EIF2A overexpression significantly increased expression of genes involved in protein translation and reduced expression of pro-apoptotic genes (e.g. ALDH1A3). Remarkably, the decrease in global protein synthesis during UPR was prevented by EIF2A, despite ER stress-induced EIF2S1 phosphorylation. The protective effects of EIF2A were additive to those of ISRIB, a drug that counteracts the effects of EIF2S1 phosphorylation. Cells overexpressing EIF2A showed higher expression of translation factor EIF2B5, which may contribute to the lack of translational inhibition in these cells. We conclude that EIF2A is a novel target for cell protection and the circumvention of EIF2S1-mediated translational repression.
Qilan Preparation Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by down-regulating microRNA-21 in Human Tca8113 Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Ding Jiamin , Chen Zuoliang , Chen Wanlu , Ma Zhongxiong , Xie Yunde , zhou lin
Published: March 2021

Background: Qilan preparation, a complex Chinese herbal medicine consisting of ingredients extracted from Radix Astragali, Gynostemma Pentaphyllum, Rhizoma Chuanxiong and selenium- rich green tea and known for ‘fortifying the spleen and boosting qi, quickening the blood and transforming stasis, and resolving toxins and relieving pain, is used for the prevention and management of oral diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the antitumor effects of Qilan preparation on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in vitro and to explore its underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: Human Tca8113 tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells were tested. Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were examined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of PTEN and PDCD4 were determined by western blot. Changes in miR-21 levels were quantified using TaqMan stem-loop real-time PCR. After miR-21 was transiently transfected into Tca8113 cells using Lipofectamine®3000, cell proliferation, apoptosis and miR-21 and PDCD4 expression levels were measured.Results: Qilan preparation inhibited Tca8113 cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S-phase, decreasing miR-21 levels and increasing PTEN and PDCD4 expression. MiR-21 overexpression reversed the Qilan preparation-induced suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis while also blocking the increase in PDCD4.Conclusions: Our study revealed, for the first time, the ability of Qilan preparation to suppress TSCC cell growth and elucidated that Qilan preparation elicits its anti-cancer actions via either the miR-21/PDCD4 or PTEN pathway.
Factors contributing to inequality in access to urban health service delivery in low resource setting country
Authors: Islam Mohammad , Kamal Muhammad M
Published: March 2021

Background

Health is considered as constitutional and fundamental right for general people in Bangladesh. Due to poor socio-economic conditions, income disparities, and socio-cultural barriers, many poor people have limited accessibility in health services and also unable to afford quality health care. This study attempts to examine the factors associated with accessibility and affordability of urban health services.
Methods

This is an explanatory research which is being carried out using mixed research approach. Primary data was collected using simple random sampling technique from 150 household’s residents in Sylhet City who have experience in receiving services from the urban public health care centers. This study uses a structured interview schedule including both open ended as well as close ended questions. Moreover, descriptive statistics are used for analyzing field data for understanding accessibility of health services.
Results

This study found that 56% urban poor people have inadequate accessibility of health services as they have different types of financial difficulties including maintaining medical expenditure. The health system prevail discrepancy between mentioned services in citizen charter and availability of services as education and the existence of superstitions significantly impact on access to public health care but religion and age have a little impact in getting health services. Most of the respondents either satisfied (47%) or highly satisfied (29%) with the cordiality of senior consultants, and almost half of the respondents assumed the standard of cabin service is satisfactory (44%) as well as highly satisfactory (2%); however, wealthy and powerful people of the society always get privileges over disadvantaged people paying extra money or social network to get a cabin. Unfortunately, the professionalism of nurses and 4th class employees of public hospitals are not satisfactory. Moreover, there exists a high level of corruption and bureaucratic resistance in public hospitals which hinders equal access of general people to get services. The economic and cultural factors in this research are not highly influential issues for access to health care, but adequate information is one of the challenges for access to health care. Besides, administrative factors in this study have significant influence on the accessibility of health services.
Conclusion

Equal access to health services from public providers are prime need and right for every resident in Sylhet city. Reform in health system management and service provision are useful for promoting accessibility in health services. Therefore, expansion of health coverage, introduction to health insurance scheme, empowerment of urban poor, and ensuring efficient and accountable health service management in public hospital must be ensured for getting adequate health services.
COMSOL Multiphysics® Modelling of Oxygen Diffusion Through a Cellulose Nanofibril Conduit Employed for Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Towne Julia , Carter Nicklaus , Neivandt David
Published: March 2021

Background

Peripheral nerve injury can cause significant impairment, and the current methods for facilitating repair, particularly over distances greater than approximately 1mm, are not entirely effective. Allografts, autografts, and synthetic conduits are three of the most common surgical interventions for peripheral nerve repair, however each has limitations including poor biocompatibility, adverse immune responses, and the need for successive surgeries. A potential new method for promoting peripheral nerve repair that addresses the shortcomings of current interventions is a biocompatible cellulose nanofibril (CNF) conduit that degrades in-vivo over time. Preliminary testing in multiple animal models has yielded positive results, but more information is needed regarding how the CNF conduit facilitates nutrient and gas flow.
Results

The current work employs 3D modelling and analysis via COMSOL Multiphysics® to determine how the CNF conduit facilitates oxygen movement both radially through the conduit walls and axially along the length of the conduit. Various CNF wall permeabilities, conduit lengths, and nerve-to-conduit diameter ratios have been examined; all of which were shown to have an impact on the resultant oxygen profile within the conduit. When the walls of the CNF conduit were modeled to have significant oxygen permeability, oxygen diffusion across the conduit was shown to dominate relative to axial diffusion of oxygen along the length of the conduit, which was otherwise the controlling diffusion mechanism.
Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that there is a complex relationship between axial and radial diffusion as the properties of the conduit such as length, diameter, and permeability are altered and when investigating various locations within the model. At low wall permeabilities the axial diffusion is dominant for all configurations, while for higher wall permeabilities the radial diffusion became dominant for smaller diameters. The length of the conduit did not alter the mechanism of diffusion, but rather had an inverse relationship with the magnitude of the overall concentration profile. As such the modeling results may be employed to predict and control the amount and distribution of oxygenation throughout the conduit, and hence to guide experimental conduit design.
Neoadjuvant Weekly Paclitaxel and Carboplatin with Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in HER2-positive Breast Cancer: A Brown University Oncology Research Group (BrUOG) Study
Authors: Lopresti Mary Lorraine , Bian Jessica J , Sakr Bachir Joseph , Strenger Rochelle S , Legare Robert Duffy , Fenton Mary Anne , Witherby Sabrina M , Dizon Donald S , Pandya Sonali V , Stuckey Ashley R , Edmondson David A , Gass Jennifer S , Emmick Christine M , Graves Theresa A , Cutitar Marlene , Olszewski Adam J , Sikov William M
Published: March 2021

Purpose: In HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2+BC), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with dual HER2-targeted therapy achieves high pathologic complete response (pCR) rates. Anthracycline-free NACT regimens avoid toxicities associated with anthracyclines, but every 3-week TCHP also has substantial side effects. We hypothesized that a weekly regimen might have equivalent efficacy with less toxicity; we also investigated whether poorly responding patients would benefit from switching to AC. Methods:Patients with clinical stage II-III HER2+BC received weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC2 with every 3-week trastuzumab and pertuzumab (wPCbTP), with the option of splitting the pertuzumab loading dose. After 12 weeks, responding patients continued wPCbTP for another 6 weeks, while non-responders switched to AC. Dose modifications and post-op therapy were at investigator discretion. Results:In 30 evaluable patients, the pCR rate was 77% (95% CI 58-90%); 12/14 (86%) in ER-negative and 11/16 (69%) in ER-positive. Only two patients transitioned to AC for non-response, of which one achieved pCR. There were no episodes of febrile neutropenia or grade >3 peripheral neuropathy, though several patients who continued wPCbTP stopped before week 18. Split-dose pertuzumab was associated with less grade >2 diarrhea (40%) than the standard loading dose (60%). Conclusions:pCR rates with our regimen were as high as reported with TCHP with fewer grade >3 toxicities, though diarrhea remains a concern. Too few patients had a suboptimal response to adequately test switching to AC. The wPCbTP regimen should be considered an alternative to TCHP as neoadjuvant therapy for HER2+BC.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02789657
LC circuit mediated sympathetic cooling of a proton via image currents
Authors: Bohman Matthew , Grunhofer Valentin , Smorra Christian , Wiesinger Markus , Will Christian , Borchert Matthias , Devlin Jack , Erlewein Stefan , Fleck Markus , Gavranovic Steffen , Harrington James , Latacz Barbara , Mooser Andreas , Popper Daniel , Wursten Elise , Blaum Klaus , Matsuda Yasuyuki , Ospelkaus Christian , Quint Wolfgang , Walz Jochen , Ulmer Stefan
Published: March 2021

Efficient cooling of trapped charged particles is essential in many fundamental physics experiments, for high-precision metrology, and for quantum technology. Until now, ion-ion coupling for sympathetic cooling or quantum state control has been limited to ion species with accessible optical transitions or has required close-range Coulomb interactions. To overcome this limitation and further develop scalable quantum control techniques, there has been a sustained desire to extend laser-cooling techniques to particles in macroscopically separated traps, opening quantum control techniques to previously inaccessible particles such as highly charged ions, molecular ions, and antimatter particles. Here, we demonstrate sympathetic cooling of a single proton by laser cooled Be+ ions stored in a spatially separated Penning trap. The two traps are connected by a superconducting LC circuit that enables energy exchange over a distance of 9 cm. We simultaneously demonstrate the cooling of a resonant mode of a macroscopic LC circuit with laser-cooled ions and sympathetic cooling of an individually trapped proton, reaching temperatures far below the environment temperature. Importantly, as this technique does not rely on the direct Coulomb interaction but rather on image-current interactions, it can be easily applied to an experiment with antiprotons, facilitating improved precision in matter-antimatter comparisons and dark matter searches.
Safety profiles of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus: A literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mukai Junichi , Kanno Shinya , Kubota Rie
Published: March 2021

We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis of safety profiles of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The electronic databases MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Ichushi-web were searched for studies from their inception through to August 2019 and there was no language restriction. Trials were included in the analysis if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (1) comparing the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors with a placebo in Japanese patients with DM ≤ 18 years, and (2) reporting HbA1c and at least one adverse event. We calculated risk ratios with 95%CI and used a random-effects model. Twenty-two out of the 765 RCTs retrieved were ultimately included in the present review, and only one RCT included patients with type 1 DM. The durations of RCTs ranged between 4 and 24 weeks. In comparisons with a placebo, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with similar risks of hypoglycemia, urinary tract infection, genital infection, hypovolemia, and fracture. The outcomes of treatments with SGLT2 inhibitors among Japanese patients with DM suggest favorable safety profiles. However, further evidence from studies with a longer duration, involving more diverse populations, or including individual SGLT2 inhibitors is needed to resolve the limitations of the present study.
Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Patients with Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type I: A Multicenter Study in Turkey
Authors: Yaz Ismail , Ozbek Begum , Bildik Hacer Neslihan , Tan Cagman , Halacli Sevil Oskay , Aytekin Elif Soyak , Esenboga Saliha , Cekic Sukru , Kilic Sebnem Sara , Keskin Ozlem , Leeuwen Karin van , Roos Dirk , Cagdas Deniz , Tezcan Ilhan
Published: March 2021

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I is rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by mutations in the ITGB2 gene encoding CD18. We present clinical and immunological features of 15 patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I). Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed with either a primary immunodeficiency gene panel comprising 266 genes or a small LAD-panel consisting of five genes for genetic analysis. To measure the expression level of integrins on the leukocyte surface, flow cytometry analysis was performed. The median age of the patients at diagnosis was 3 (1-48) months. Eleven (73%) of the 15 patients had LAD-I diagnosis in their first 6 months, and fourteen (93%) patients had consanguineous parents. Delayed separation of the umbilical cord was present in 80% (n=12) of the patients in our cohort, whereas omphalitis was observed in 53% (n=8) of the patients. Leukocytosis with neutrophil predominance was observed in 73% (n=11) patients. Nine distinct variants in the ITGB2 gene in 13 of the 15 patients with LAD-I were characterized, of which two (c.305_306delAA and c.779_786dup) are novel homozygous mutations of ITGB2 . Four unrelated patients from Syria had a novel c.305_306delAA mutation that might be a founder effect for patients of Syrian origin. Four (27%) patients underwent HSCT. Two of them died because of HSCT complications, and the other two are alive and well. Early differential diagnosis of the patients is critical in the management of the disease and genetic evaluation provides a basis for family studies and genetic counseling.
Immunomodulation therapy for primary prevention of urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injury during primary rehabilitation: protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial (UROVAXOM-Pilot)
Authors: Krebs Joerg , Stoyanov Jivko , Wöllner Jens , Valido Ezra , Pannek Jürgen
Published: March 2021

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in individuals with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) following spinal cord injury (SCI). They are not only a great burden for affected individuals, but also cause considerable health costs. Furthermore, recurrent antibiotic treatments of UTIs contribute to the growing problem of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial compounds. Even though there is a multitude of different measures to prevent UTIs in individuals with NLUTD, no clear evidence exists for any of these. Oral immunomodulation therapy with UTI-relevant Escherichia coli antigens may be a promising preventative measure with a good safety profile in individuals with NLUTD. However, currently available data are sparse.Methods: This is a randomized, quasi-blinded, placebo-controlled, mono-centric pilot trial investigating the feasibility of a main trial regarding the effects of a lyophilized lysate of E. coli strains for oral application (Uro-Vaxom®, OM Pharma SA, Meyrin, Switzerland). There will be two parallel groups of 12 participants each. Individuals with acute SCI (duration SCI ≤56 days) from 18 to 70 years of age admitted for primary rehabilitation will be eligible. Blood and urine samples will be taken prior to intervention start, at the end of the intervention and 3 months after intervention termination. The trial intervention will last 90 days. The participants will not be informed regarding the treatment allocation (quasi-blinded). The nursing staff will prepare the daily dose of the allocated treatment from the original packaging. The trial personnel and the biostatistician will be blinded. Feasibility (e.g. recruitment rate, patient attrition), clinical (e.g. number of symptomatic UTIs) and laboratory parameters (e.g. urinary culture, urinary proteo- and microbiome, blood cell counts) as well as adverse events will be collected. Discussion: Effective and efficient measures for the prevention of UTIs in individuals with NLUTD are urgently needed. If the conclusion of this pilot is positive regarding feasibility, the effects of oral immunomodulation therapy with E. coli antigens will be investigated in a larger, sufficiently powered, multi-center trial.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04049994. Registered 8 August 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04049994
Technischer Fortschritt vs. Editorischer Rückschritt
Authors: Jenks Stuart , Kapfenberger Diana , Link Christina
Published: March 2021

Technischer Fortschritt vs. Editorischer Rückschritt. Eine falsche Alternative.
Stadt-Raum und Sozialstruktur
Authors: Igel Karsten
Published: March 2021

Stadt-Raum und Sozialstruktur. Überlegungen zu Quellen, Methoden und Problemen an den Beispielen Greifswald und Osnabrück.
nautische Karte der Danziger Bucht aus dem Jahre 1596 von Walter Clemens
Authors: Czerner Marian
Published: March 2021

Eine nautische Karte der Danziger Bucht aus dem Jahre 1596 von Walter Clemens
Stellung Bocholts und Coesfelds in der Hanse
Authors: Schipmann Johannes Ludwig
Published: March 2021

Die Stellung Bocholts und Coesfelds in der Hanse  (1550-1621)
neue Institutionenökonomik als Herausforderung an die Hanseforschung
Authors: Selzer Stephan , Ewert Ulf Christian
Published: March 2021

Die neue Institutionenökonomik als Herausforderung an die Hanseforschung
Zwischen öffentlichem Mandat und informeller Macht
Authors: Fahlbusch Friedrich Bernward
Published: March 2021

Zwischen öffentlichem Mandat und informeller Macht. Die hansische Führungsgruppe.
Danziger Pfundzollbuch von 1409 und 1411
Authors: Jenks Stuart
Published: March 2021

Danziger Pfundzollbuch von 1409 und 1411. Anleitung zur digitalen Edition in einer neuen Reihe.
Riga im polnisch-litauischen Staat (1581-1621)
Authors: Ziemlewska Anna
Published: March 2021

Riga im polnisch-litauischen Staat (1581-1621)
Europäische Union, Globalisierung und Hanse
Authors: Hammel-Kiesow Rolf
Published: March 2021

Europäische Union, Globalisierung und Hanse. Überlegungen zur aktuellen Vereinnahmung eines historischen Phänomens.
Über das Archiv des Hansischen Geschichtsvereins
Authors: Graßmann Antjekathrin
Published: March 2021

Über das Archiv des Hansischen Geschichtsvereins
Finanzierung des hansischen Handels im Spätmittelalter am Beispiel von Preussen
Authors: Jenks Stuart
Published: March 2021

Die Finanzierung des hansischen Handels im Spätmittelalter am Beispiel von Preussen
Reichs- und Hansetage - eine vergleichende Betrachtung
Authors: Deeters Joachim
Published: March 2021

Joachim Deeters - Reichs- und Hansetage - eine vergleichende Betrachtung
Neue Entwicklungen mit altem Material.
Authors: Frandsen Karl-Erik
Published: March 2021

Karl-Erik Frandsen - Neue Entwicklungen mit altem Material. Die Öresund-Zollisten und die Möglichkeiten moderner Technik: Das STR-online-Projekt.
persönlichen Handelsrechnungen des preußischen Kaufmanns Johannes Plige (1391-1399)
Authors: Franzke Cordula
Published: March 2021

Cordula Franzke - Die persönlichen Handelsrechnungen des preußischen Kaufmanns Johannes Plige (1391-1399)
Von der Hanse zur Hanseatischen Gemeinschaft.
Authors: Ressel Magnus
Published: March 2021

Magnus Ressel - Von der Hanse zur Hanseatischen Gemeinschaft. Die Entstehung der Konsulatsgemeinschaft von Bremen, Hamburg und Lübeck
Paul Johansen (1901-1965), Hanse- und Osteuropahistoriker.
Authors: Weczerka Hugo
Published: March 2021

Hugo Weczerka - Paul Johansen (1901-1965), Hanse- und Osteuropahistoriker. Bemerkungen zu einer neuen Publikation
Hanse.
Authors: Jahnke Carsten
Published: March 2021

Carsten Jahnke - Die Hanse. Überlegungen zur Entwicklung des Hansebegriffes und der Hanse als Institution resp. Organisation
spätmittelalterliche Barchenthandel vom Heiligen Römischen Reich nach Dänemark
Authors: Baur Kilian
Published: March 2021

Kilian Baur - Der spätmittelalterliche Barchenthandel vom Heiligen Römischen Reich nach Dänemark.
Deutsche Kaufmannsgilden auf Bornholm 1327-1525
Authors: Mühlig Lena
Published: March 2021

Lena Mühlig - Deutsche Kaufmannsgilden auf Bornholm 1327-1525
zeitgenössische Perzeption des Niedergangs der Hansekontore in den 'Hanseatica' (1674) des Danziger Syndikus Wenzel Mittendorp
Authors: Ressel Magnus
Published: March 2021

The Decay of the Hanseatic Kontors in the „Hanseatica“ (1674)of the Danzig Syndic Wenzel MittendorpIn the second half of the seventeenth Century, no one could dispute the decay of the Hanse. Yet the ultimate dissolution of this once famous and powerful alliance of cities and towns was not inevitable. Influential politicians in the principal Hanse towns and cities endeavored valiantly throughout the seventeenth Century to keep the league’s members together. One of these pro-Hanse politicians was the Danzig Syndic Wenzel Mittendorp, a Senator who had been active in the city for the better part of the first half of the seventeenth Century. Around mid-century he wrote a manuscript of roughly 1000 pages, the „Hanseatica“ (,Hanseatic affairs'), intended as a monument to his decades of service as a Hanse politician and containing his principal thoughts, ideas and arguments on and for the league. The manuscript is a unique source for historians since it gives us a detailed view on the perception of the forces of decay in the league. Moreover, since it is principally a historical account of the league, the manuscript can be judged to have been one of the first scholarly attempts to provide a coherent narrative of the league and thus to instill a sense of tradition into its readers. Regarding matters from the perspective of midseventeenth Century Danzig, Mittendorp looked mostly at the Kontors and identified their tribulations as the root of the crisis of the Hanse. Originally based on the economic success of the Kontors, the league was now decaying parallel to their decline. Mittendorp’s contribution was addressed to his fellow politicians in Danzig, in whom he wanted to inculcate a conviction of the value of continuing active membership in the Hanse; regardless of the problems of the Kontors. Tradition and advantages beyond the mere commercial constituted his principal arguments in favor of Danzig’s continuing membership in the Hanse. Notwithstanding his ultimate failure to achieve this goal, Mittendorp’s arguments give us an illuminating insight into the self-perception of the Hanse at one of its formerly principal centers at a time when the fundamental questions on the continuation or dissolution of the league forced its adherents to bring their most compelling arguments to the fore. The result was the „Hanseatica“, a unique source for any historian interested in the political mindset of Hanse politicians in the decades preceding the end of the league.
Archivalien zu den Hansekontoren im Archiv der Hansestadt Wismar
Authors: Jörn Nils
Published: March 2021

The projected Calendar of Hanseatic Sources from the WendishQuarterThe article presenls a project, now in its inception, which aims to calendar archival material in Lübeck, Hamburg, Lüneburg, Wismar, Rostock, Stralsund and Greifswald dating from the period 1531 to 1668. It follows the example of the calendars of the sources in the archives of Cologne (1896/1903), Danzig (1913) and Braunschweig (forthcoming) in the same period and will close the gap, making the material for the fourth, Wendish quarter of the Hanse readily available. The article shows how wide-ranged the material in Wismar town archive is and makes proposals about how to structure the project and organise the material from the Wendish archives in a data base.
Anmerkungen zum Schiffbau der Hansezeit
Authors: Lehmann Eike , Hoheisel Wolf-Dieter
Published: March 2021

Remarks on Shipbuilding in the Hanseatic PeriodAs naval architects especially interested in the history of shipbuilding during the Hanseatic period, we feel compelled to highlight some disturbing aspects of the scholarly discussions of shipping among Hanseatic historians. In particular, we note a number of definitions and findings that simply cannot be squared with the physical and technical principles which modern naval architecture has discovered. Of course, we all agree that Hanseatic shipbuilding was a rough-and-ready affair, in which trial and error led to an intuitive understanding of the physical principles involved, even if these were not articulated. Blissfully unaware of maritime engineering, Hanseatic historians have, however, advanced arguments which, viewed in the light of the current state of knowledge in shipbuilding science, are unconvincing.

For instance, concepts such as wales or bends and other structural terms, e.g. deck beams and watertight decks, are described without any clear explanation of their function. Moreover, the definitions of deadweight tonnage, freeboard, calculation of displacement, and the dependency of ship safety on freeboard are inadequate. In short, there is a crying need for cross-polination between Hanseatic historians and naval architects, since a linkage between the archival material and the scientific principles of maritime engineering cannot be but fruitful.
Bremen, Harderwijk und die Zuiderzee
Authors: Hofmeister Adolf E.
Published: March 2021

Bremen, Harderwijk and the ZuiderzeeThe Harderwijk peace treaty of 8 May 1446, negotiated by envoys of the duchy of Burgundy and the Hanse town Bremen and ratified by duke Philip the Good of Burgundy on 8 July 1446, brought to an end a war which had lasted for four years, during which Bremen had waged war on the Burgundian territories of Holland, Zealand, Flanders and Brabant in order to gain compensation for ships and goods which had been captured (mainly by privateers) in the conflict between Holland and the Wendish towns (1438– 41). During the latter conflict, neutral ships were been seized if they were suspected to be carrying Dutch or Flemish goods – a practice which also affected skippers and merchants from Kampen, Harderwijk and Deventer. Therefore Kampen repeatedly took the initiative to midwife an agreement between Bremen and Holland. At first, this failed to produce an acceptable result because Flanders could not be included. In the end, however, the negotiations in Harderwijk in April and May 1446 succeeded in bringing the war to an end. Bremen and Stade obtained financial compensation, to be funded by the towns of Holland and Zealand. Evidence of direct connections between Bremen and the Zuiderzee towns begins in the 14th century and concerns quarrels with citizens of Kampen and Deventer or the naturalization of immigrants from the Zuiderzee towns in Bremen. Beginning in the 12th and 13th centuries, vessels from Holland, Utrecht and Flanders on the one hand and from Bremen and Stade on the other used the shipping route via Vecht, Almere (later Zuiderzee) and Vlie for traffic and trade. From the 13th century, merchants from Bremen and from the Zuiderzee are found side by side in Norway and Scania trading in fish. In the 15th century, merchants of Kampen bought grain in Bremen, whereas merchants of Bremen purchased cloth in Deventer. Furthermore, Kampen, Deventer and Zwolle mediated in Bremen’s quarrels with merchants from Osnabrück and Cologne, with the town of Groningen and especially with Antwerpen. In the 16th century, the political and economic situation of the Zuiderzee towns changed radically, as they were first incorporated into the state of emperor Charles V, and then joined the Republic of the United Netherlands. At the same time, Bremen’s trade shifted to West Friesland and Amsterdam. Thus the intermediary position of the Zuiderzee Hanse towns – poised between Bremen and Holland – came to an end.
Zuiderzeestädte in der Hanse
Authors: Wubs-Mrozewicz Justyna
Published: March 2021

The Zuiderzee towns and the Hanse: information exchange, conflicts and conflict resolution.This article uses the Zuiderzee region, and in particular Deventer, as a case study, to put forward two theses. First of all, that the exchange of information was a vital component of conflict resolution – and more broadly, of conflict management – within the Hanse. The analysis shows that the concepts of ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’, which have been recurrent in the discussions on the position of the Zuiderzee towns in the Hanse, were very relative. Wherever a conflict occurred which needed to be dealt with, information circles emerged as well, as the production and circulation of copies of letters and documents shows. The second thesis is that the exchange of information on conflict within the Hanse was embedded in a style of communication which was unique in the European context, and at the same time difficult to grasp because it was quite implicit and utterly self-evident to contemporaries. This leaps to the eye if we study the ramifications of a change of political context for Hanseatic towns like Deventer, which became part of the Habsburg Netherlands in 1528. A property conflict in the 1540s concerning a ship captured by Scotsmen, which was later bought by Deventer burghers, illustrates this. Rather than shaping their arguments to mesh with the new political conditions, they argued their case along the lines in which conflicts, and their resolution, had been handled and communicated in the Hanse.
Lübecker Ratsurteile.
Authors: Groth Carsten
Published: March 2021

The edition of the “Lübecker Ratsurteile” (verdicts by the council of Lübeck) by Wilhelm Ebel (1908 – 1980), a legal historian primarily active in Göttingen, is still considered to be a standard work. This article assesses and critiques this common assessment. In view of the assumptions of its editor – and in particular his activities as a member of the SS-Ahnenerbe, a Nazi organization charged with ‘scientifically’ investigating (and maintaining) Arian racial purity – the edition might be flawed.Ebel assumed that the verdicts embodied Lübeck law (“Lübisches Recht”) and that one could reconstruct Lübeck Law by analysing the “Ratsurteile”. Recent work shows that Lübeck law had a number of other sources as well, so that Ebel’s assumption seems questionable. Moreover, Ebel did not edit all the extant verdicts but rather selected particular ones which he deemed 'essential, substantial and intuitively iomprehensible’. It is unknown which verdicts he left out, much less why. In short, we simply do not know whether Ebel’s reconceptions biased (consciously or unconsciously) his selection of sources for publication and therefore skewed all subsequent research based on his edition. Furthermore, it is probable that he was only able to gain access to the sources (which had been removed for safe-keeping during  the war) because he was officially tasked with this project by the SS- Ahnenerbe. Ebel was not above hinting that his work might prove to be politically useful to his Nazi masters. Again, we do not know whether this influenced the selection of the verdicts which Ebel deemed worthy to be included in his edition of the “Lübecker Ratsurteile”.
LCA
Authors: Cordes Albrecht , Huang Angela , Link Christina
Published: March 2021

LCA. Die Edition der 'Particulars of Account' der Londoner Zollakten in ihrem Wert für die Hanse- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte
Ad referendum
Authors: Rettig Dorothea
Published: March 2021

The history of parliaments is not limited to their deliberations and acts. It must also embrace their procedure. Despite all differences, the Diet was the Hanse’s parliament. One of its salient procedures was ad referendum, by which the representatives of one or more towns declared themselves unable to say yea or nay to a particular proposal before consulting their town council. A number of scholars have viewed ad referendum as a means of delaying (and thus frustrating) a resolution which was unpalatable to them (commonly for selfish and parochial reasons), thus elevating ad referendum to the slightly disreputable status of a filibuster in the United States Senate, but with the difference that it was, in the end, disastrous for the Hanse. However, scholars have yet to reach a consensus on the precise meaning and significance of ad referendum. This paper analyzes ad referendum between the Peace of Stralsund (1370) and the beginning of the Thirteen Years’ War (1453) with particular regard to the Prussian Hanseatic towns. Four issues are addressed. 1) How was ad referendum designated in the sources? 2) What topics galvanized town representatives to employ ad referendum? 3) Were these matters in fact subsequently debated by the Prussian assemblies of towns and estates? 4) Does the analysis of two selected Diets (Lübeck 1383, Lüneburg 1412) and the corresponding Prussian assemblies shed more light on the procedure? The paper concludes that ad referendum allowed town representatives provisionally to approve a common resolution, but combine that with an appeal for understanding that one was unable to pass a resolution which affected the rights of third parties without consulting them and obtaining their approval. The interpretation of ad referendum by some scholars, namely that it was consciously employed to torpedo unpalatable resolutions and ultimately paralyzed the Diet, can therefore be ruled out of court.
Nachruf auf Hans-Jürgen Vogtherr
Authors: Graßmann Antjekathrin
Published: March 2021

Nachruf auf Hans-Jürgen Vogtherr 1931-2018
Philosophical Consultancy or Coaching for Leaders?
Authors: Hațegan Vasile
Published: March 2021

Rad pruža odgovor na pitanje postavljeno naslovom, počinjući od revizije nekih karakterističnih sastavnica pojavnosti filozofijskih savjetnika u poslovanju i organizacijskom okruženju, ali i u treniranju kao usluzi za vođe, te se predstavljaju posebnosti svake. Izvodi se komparativna analiza između treniranja i filozofijskog savjetovanja radi motrenja sličnosti i razlike između dviju primjena koje uspješno mogu djelovati na području građenja efikasnog vodstva u području poslovanja. Pojam filozofijskog vodstva predstavljen je kao ishod primjene filozofije u području poslovanja. Implicitno vodi do lansiranja suradnje između dviju praksi, što se može materijalizirati tvorbom zajedničke usluge za vodstvo, ali i preuzimanjem nekih specifičnih alata iz filozofije, sada implementiranih u praksi u području organizacije i poslovanja.
Marcus Aurelius and the Community of Philosophical Life
Authors: Mesaroș Claudiu Marius
Published: March 2021

U radu se usmjeravam na povijesnu pozadinu suvremene filozofijske prakse ističući određene aspekte filozofijskog obrazovanja Marka Aurelija, naročito dnevne rutine upražnjavane tijekom njegova ranog djetinjstva, koje su mu prenijeli njegovi učitelji. Argumentirat ću u korist ideje da postoje određene prakse koje se mogu strukturirati kao dio života filozofijske zajednice. Moja se analiza zasniva na Hadotovoj interpretaciji filozofijskog ideala Marka Aurelija, vezanog za figure poput Katona mlađeg, Rogacijana i Aula Gelija, kako bi se naglasila ideja da je Aurelijeva posvećenost filozofiji bila rezultat dugotrajnog procesa sudjelovanja u duhovnim aktivnostima predloženima od strane njegovih učitelja, kojima je odao počast u prvoj knjizi svojih Meditacija. Idejom se predlaže da je pod utjecajem Epikteta svaki od učitelja poticao na oprimjerivanje karakteristične vrline u dnevnim vježbama tijekom Aurelijevih formativnih godina, kao počast helenskoj koncepciji filozofije kao »brige o duši«. Stoga, bez da se radi o historiografskom istraživanju, rad nastoji ponuditi izvor suvremenom filozofijskom praktičaru, o prirodi filozofijskog savjetovanja, nudeći povijesne izvore za suvremenu filozofijsku praksu, te oblik uvoda u filozofijsko savjetovanje za nepraktičare, time ilustrirajući stoičko filozofijsko savjetovanje na djelu.
Neutrino experiments probe hadrophilic light dark matter
Authors: Ema Yohei , Sala Filippo , Sato Ryosuke
Published: March 2021

We use Super-K data to place new strong limits on interactions of sub-GeV Dark Matter (DM) with nuclei, that rely on the DM flux inevitably induced by cosmic-ray upscatterings.
We derive analogous sensitivities at Hyper-K and DUNE and compare them with others, e.g. at JUNO.
Using simplified models, we find that our proposal tests genuinely new parameter space, allowed both by theoretical consistency and by other direct detection experiments, cosmology, meson decays and our recast of monojet.
Our results
thus
motivate and shape a new physics case for any large volume detector sensitive to nuclear recoils.
Estadística descriptiva y probabilidad
Authors: Gaviria Peña Carlos , Márquez Fernández Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2021

"Si se considera un conjunto de objetos de interés y de dichos objetos se considera, por ejemplo, un escorzo medible, se espera que en todos ellos la medida asociada sea diferente objeto a objeto. Si bien la población de estudio es el conjunto formado por todos los objetos de interés, se puede asumir de manera teórica que la población está conformada solo por el escorzo. La estadística es la ciencia que se encarga de modelar las poblaciones así pensadas, es decir, la estadística explica la manera en la cual se comporta un escorzo particular sobre un conjunto de objetos de interés. Por otra parte, cuando de manera empírica se toma un conjunto particular de objetos de la población teórica y se estudia en dicho conjunto el escorzo de interés, se obtiene un conjunto de medidas o un conjunto de datos, las cuales pueden explicar la población teórica. De esta manera, la estadística se ocupa de explicar los objetos en términos de sus escorzos mediante un subconjunto de una población de interés, es decir, la estadística se encarga de relacionar el mundo teórico y práctico mediante modelos que permiten explicar algunos escorzos. Con el estudio de este libro se logra adquirir las bases teóricas necesarias para comprender conceptos de estadística que permiten establecer relaciones entre el mundo teórico y práctico. Además, cuando se está leyendo este texto se aprende a leer y escribir problemas de naturaleza estadística. De esta manera, además de construir las bases teóricas de la inferencia estadística, este texto permite fortalecer otro tipo de competencias tales como la lectura y la escritura, así como el apropiamiento de procedimientos que son útiles en la práctica."