bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of a viscoelastic damping material using dynamic mechanical analysis
Authors: Holgate Philip , Rasa Alexander
Published: August 2021

Reducing vibration in marine craft can return a wide range of benefits from a reduction in noise output, resulting in increased passenger and crew comfort, to increasing component life. Damping is one method of reducing structural vibration, by which mechanical vibrational energy is dissipated into heat through a viscoelastic material. In order for these materials to be effective, their properties must be well understood. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is one method to determine parameters relating to material behaviour under flexural stress. In this paper it is used to optimise a viscoelastic damping material to fit specific requirements. The product requirements were defined by a specific structural vibration problem with a low temperature operational range of -5 °C to 5 °C (23 °F to 41 °F). Previously, a viscoelastic damping material had been developed for a rail application, with operating temperatures around -20 °C (-4 °F), along with another optimised for standard ambient temperatures. A variety of simple chemical formulations were prepared adjusting the blend ratio of the two different polymers used in these established products. Samples were tested and analysed through the DMA method to determine the optimum damping performance over the required temperature range before the product was applied in a marine application. The optimum blend of the harder and softer polymer at these temperatures was 75:25, resulting in a viscoelastic damping material that is effective at the designated temperature for 16, 25 and 50 Hz. Loss factor peaked at a tan δ of 0.69 at 0 °C for the proposed product compared with 0.55 and 0.66 for the -20 °C (-4 °F) and standard ambient temperature variants respectively. The usefulness of DMA for research and development of products with specific requirements is discussed with reference to this method applied in this project.
Modification of the EEDI for Ro-ro Passenger Ships
Authors: Ancic Ivica , Šestan Ante , Vladimir Nikola
Published: August 2021

In the 3rd IMO GHG study the new data on the ships emissions indicate a clear need for improvements in ship energy efficiency in order to preserve the environment. Although the majority of the pollution originates from the international shipping, the environmental impact of the short-sea shipping, primarily from ro-ro passenger ships, should not be neglected. The pollution originating from these ships is especially pernicious for public health since they operate in and near ports and highly populated areas. The newest amendments to MARPOL Annex VI introduce the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). The EEDI should be a measure of ships energy efficiency, but its application is limited since it may not be applied to ships with diesel-electric or hybrid propulsion systems. Also the EEDI seems not to be feasible for the regulation of energy efficiency for ro-ro passenger ships because their design criteria vary too much. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach to the EEDI definition for ro-ro passenger ships. It introduces the Reference surface as the function of ships capacity and speed instead of the Reference line. It also expands the attained EEDI calculation to different loads trying to give a clearer view of the ships CO2 emission. This modified EEDI would then allow a fair comparison between different ro-ro passenger ships.
Research on Some Issues related to Fatigue Assessment based on Latest IACS Harmonized CSR Amendments
Authors: Jiameng Wu , Shijian Cai , Weifei Wang
Published: August 2021

The IACS Harmonized Common Structural Rules (CSR-H) for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers has been issued on 1st Jan 2014, and will enter into force on 1st July 2015 to supersede the current CSR version (CSR-BC or CSR-OT). The latest amendments to 01 Jan 2014 version of CSR-H give lots of significant modifications on fatigue assessment. The purpose of this study is to introduce the main changes for fatigue requirement in such amendments, and evaluate their rationality based on some detailed FE analysis for some key issues. Meanwhile, the impact on the structural design, especially on the scantlings, will be discussed as well as some proposal. Some typical bulk carriers and oil tankers are investigated.
Data-centric Maintenance and Operational Knowledge and Its Impact on Classification
Authors: Carlucci Domenic P. , Conachey Robert , Hagan John B.
Published: August 2021

The monitoring of machinery condition, performance, and maintenance activities continues to be vital to the effective management of marine assets. Identifying key data, developing a data collection protocol, and analyzing the data are key to effective management. Planning for these activities should rely on risk and reliability techniques. Integrating data collection with the vessel’s or asset’s control and monitoring systems can reduce crew burden and simplify an often complex puzzle of qualifying and analyzing condition and performance data into a standardized process for maintenance planning and decision making related to asset operations. The information gathered from these processes can create a knowledge loop that, when implemented in an enterprise asset management (EAM) strategy, can improve current operational execution and influence the next generation of marine asset designs. Classification societies can apply this information for effective surveys and Rules improvement.
Influence of New International Gas Code on Liquefied Gas Carrier
Authors: Nan Hu , Shan Wu , Weidong Liu , Bing Chen
Published: August 2021

Liquefied Gas Carrier has received much recognition by the IMO, which institutes the International Gas Code, becoming a compelling code now. The International Gas Code has been revised several times after drafted, and this paper introduces a brief reference to the revised International Gas Code proposed to IMO on 6th June 2012 in comparison with the current International Gas Code, reflects the major different aspects listed within each chapter and makes a explain such as the location of gas tank and damage stability etc. in detail. The revised International Gas Code is more strict and safer for Liquefied Gas Carrier than it which is presently into force by comparison. Besides, this paper provides an example on the major revisions in order to analyze the influence on the design of Liquefied Gas Carrier.
Research on Damage Stability of 37,500m³LEG Carrier according to the Revised International Gas Code
Authors: Lu-pin Wang , Wei-dong Liu , Ze-xiang Dong , Li-li Fu
Published: August 2021

The revised international gas code requires the damage stability calculation of ballast conditions of the liquefied gas carriers definitely. This paper, aiming at the damage stability calculation in the initial ballast conditions, computed and researched 37,500m³ LEG carrier, which was the world's largest LEG carrier and researched by Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co., Ltd. independently. Through the research and calculations, we concluded the impacts of the revised IGC requirements on the damage stability. By adjusting the loading of ballast water, writers had improved the ballast conditions which did not satisfy the rules of the revised IGC to meet the new basic requirements. This study not only maintains the leading-edge technology of Jiangnan Shipyard in the liquefied gas carrier research and development, but also makes a good technical preparations for follow-up orders in the future.
Development of Computational Methods and Application Procedure for Ship Structural Hydroelasticity and Fatigue Assessment
in Ocean Waves
Authors: Kim Yonghwan , Kim Jung , Kim Yooil , Lee Dong , Jung Byoung
Published: August 2021

This paper introduces the development of a practical procedure and its component elements for the analysis of hull structural hydroelasticity in seaways and the corresponding fatigue assessment. The procedure is an integration of ship motion, structural vibration, stress, and fatigue analyses. For the ship motion and structural vibration analyses, a fully coupled hydroelastic approach is adopted in time domain. The approach is composed of a 3-D Rankine panel method, a 2-D generalized Wagner model, and a 1-D or 3-D finite element method. Then, springing and slamming-whipping are considered in the analysis, and computational results are systematically validated by comparing with experimental results. As a result, a set of high-fidelity procedures for hydroelastic response and fatigue analyses of ship structure is introduced. Finally, the proposed procedures are applied to an ultra large containership.
Calculation and Analysis of Components of Added Resistance of Ships in Waves
Authors: Liang Hong , Chuan Zhu , Ping Miao
Published: August 2021

Ship motions and its hydrodynamic coefficients are solved by three dimensional frequency domain potential theories with a translating and pulsating source distribution method. Furthermore, components of added wave resistance of ships advancing in waves due to the radiation and diffraction waves are obtained respectively. Added wave resistances of Wigley III hull and S175 containership with various forward speeds are carried out and analyzed in frequency domain. The numerical results are validated for the models by comparing them with experimental data. Its percentage of components of the total ship added wave resistance varying with frequency is investigated and discussed. The present method provides a rapid and efficient approach to predict added resistance of different types of ships in waves.
Reducing Cost and Environmental Impacts through Hybrid Power Options
Authors: Lindstad Haakon , Eskeland Gunnar S. , Mørch Hans , Psaraftis Harilaos , Sandaas Inge
Published: August 2021

Power solutions for seagoing vessels have typically been designed to enable operation at maximum economic speeds based on hydrodynamic considerations, and to ensure that vessels have the necessary power to be seaworthy and maneuverable in heavy weather and in high sea states. Historically, fuel costs have been low compared to fixed and other variable costs, but more recently, rising fuel prices and environmental concerns have made it more attractive to reduce fuel consumption through lower steaming speeds. Since speed reduction drastically reduces power requirements, it has become common to operate at 15 to 50% of the installed power in calm to moderate sea conditions. When engines operate at low power, fuel consumption per kWh produced power increases slightly, while the emissions of exhaust gases increase rapidly due to incomplete combustion. This study investigates flexible hybrid power solutions, i.e. power take out (PTO), power take in (PTI) and batteries in combination with internal combustion engines. The focus is on the full operational range from being idle at berth to the peak power needed in critical situations in high sea states. Our results indicate that hybrid solutions are cost-competitive with traditional engine setups. They also reduce the environmental impact, including greenhouse gas emissions and cost effectively satisfies IMO’s energy efficiency requirements (EEDI).
Application of Modeling and Simulation Methodologies to Enhance Non-Combatant Naval Survivability
Authors: Nate Margaret G. , Goodfriend David B.
Published: August 2021

As the role of modern naval non-combatants evolves to include multi-mission ships increasing their exposure to asymmetric threats and as damage can also occur accidentally outside of an intentional weapon impact, the assessment of survivability of non-combatant ships becomes necessary to ensure fleet-wide mission capability. A survivability enhancement case study was performed by modifying and applying traditional combatant survivability methodology to the 145m non-combatant naval training and hospital vessel shown above. Thousands of tests were conducted with each test randomly varying threat parameters and hit locations in order to capture the chaotic nature of random unknowns, thus providing a probabilistically determined assessment of occurrences similar to real world threat events. Structural, Mobility, Damage Control, and Self Defense mission areas with limited inherent survivability are identified and expert recommendations proposed based on analysis of initial damage in addition to “through time” performance results and from expert design review. In cases where design recommendations are not feasible or difficult to implement, then the recommendations made focus in improving operational survivability through crew actions and training.
Energy Efficient Safe Ship Operation (SHOPERA)
Authors: Papanikolaou Apostolos , Zaraphonitis George , Bitner-Gregersen Elzbieta , Shigunov Vladimir , El Moctar Ould , Soares Carlos Guedes , Reddy Devalapalli N. , Sprenger Florian
Published: August 2021

The 2012 guidelines on the method of calculation of the attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships, MEPC.212(63), as updated by MEPC 245(66) in April 2014, represent a major step forward in implementing energy efficiency regulations for ships through the introduction of the EEDI limits for various types of ships. There are, however, serious concerns regarding the sufficiency of propulsion power and steering devices to maintain maneuverability of ships in adverse conditions, hence regarding the safety of ships, if the EEDI requirements are achieved by simply reducing the installed engine power. This was the rationale for a new EU funded research project with the acronym SHOPERA (2013-2016), aiming at developing suitable methods, tools and guidelines to effectively address the above concerns. The paper discusses the background of the ongoing research in project SHOPERA, presents early and intermediate results of the project and discusses certain fundamental issues regarding the formulation of proper criteria and practical assessment procedure for ship’s maneuverability and safety under adverse conditions.
Simulation of mud erosion in the subsea stratified sand-mud beds
Authors: Yoshida Takero , Fytianos Georgios , Oyama Hiroyuki , Sato Toru
Published: August 2021

Mud erosion in the subsea stratified sand-mud beds is a concern for production of methane gas from methane hydrate. It is expected that eroded mud may lead to well blockage. The goal of our work is to model of mud erosion that damages gas production. To approach this, we have developed a numerical simulation code and mud erosion is investigated to estimate model parameters. The water velocity in pore space is simulated by the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The paper shows the procedure to obtain erosion rate from distribution of shear stress on the mud surface.
Lessons from Emma Maersk Flooding – February 2013
Authors: Maheshwar Chilukuri
Published: August 2021

In February 2013, in the 2005 built 15500 TEU 397m long container ship EMMA MÆRSK a severe leakage occurred in as it was passing southbound through the Suez Canal. The leakage occurred due to mechanical breakdown of a stern thruster causing flooding of the shaft tunnel and filling up the engine room with 14000 m³ of seawater within a span of two hours, submerging the main engine cylinder heads-level equal to the outside water draft of 15.1 m. The cost of repairs and loss of revenue for six months amounted to a few million dollars. This paper highlights some of the lessons learned from this incident.
Effect of IMO’s environmental criterion on the optimum hull girder safety level
Authors: Teixeira Ângelo P. , Guia Joana P. , Soares C. Guedes
Published: August 2021

This study aims at assessing the optimum hull girder safety level of a Suezmax tanker using a cost benefit analysis (CBA), as proposed by the FSA (Formal Safety Assessment) Guidelines. The objective is to establish an optimum safety level for the tanker ship, considering as a risk control option (RCO) the change in deck scantlings and to assess its effect on the reduction of risk (reduction on total expected cost of hull girder failure). This involves the evaluation of the effect of the RCO on the probability of failure of the ship hull girder assessed by means of structural reliability analysis and the assessment of the cost of failure in terms of property damage of the ship, pollution due to spillage of oil and loss of life of the ship’s crew. Due to the recent developments in environmental criteria at the IMO level, special attention is given to the influence of the environmental criterion in the optimum safety level, as such two approaches are followed in the definition of this input variable: a “Cost of Averting a Ton of oil Spilt” (CATS) and a volume dependent approach for the cost per ton of oil spilt agreed and included in the annex 7 of the revised IMO FSA Guidelines.
Improving Ship Fleet Performance Using a Non-Parametric Model
Authors: Fun-sang Maricruz A. , Caprace Jean-David
Published: August 2021

The world merchant fleet has increased in the last decade producing an increase of fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Thus, the concerns of ship-owners to implement alternatives to improve the fleet efficiency are growing. However, shipowners are facing barriers to implement energy efficiency technologies mainly due to reliability, financial and economic constraints as well as complexity of change. Actually several shipowners are using onboard data measurements systems that collect navigation and propulsion information of their ships. Therefore, after being sent via satellite and stored in data warehouse, these data are being made available to assess the performance of their fleets. This paper describes the use of these data to generate models in order to answer to the following questions: What is the ship with least efficiency in my fleet? What is the best strategy to improve the overall efficiency of my fleet? What is the ship that I should sell in priority? What is the influence of this maintenance policy on the performance of my fleet? The application case of this paper is based on one fleet of 13 ships containing 223 trips that gather approximately 6,844 traveling days. After the definition of the key performance indicators (KPIs), a data envelopment analysis (DEA) models is discussed. Then, a multicriterion decision analysis (MCDA) model is compared to the DEA outputs. The results suggest that this new methodology can efficiently provide a multicriteria decision framework to shipowners avoiding engineers’ subjectivity. These findings offer a new way to address efficiency and performance in ship management.
Hybrid Induction Arc Welding: A New Process for Reducing Distortion in Stiffener-to-Panel T-Fillet Welds
Authors: Jones Jerald E. , Rhoades Valerie L. , Holverson Todd , Arner Radford M. , Cuneo Adam N. , Dydo James R. , Fanguy Dennis , Long Craig , Mann Mark D. , Gaffney John H.
Published: August 2021

A new welding process has been developed which uses a hybrid concept. A portable induction coil is operated ahead of the arc welding torch, and heats the surfaces of the weld to near the melting point. Then the heat generated by the welding arc is primarily used only to melt the welding wire. The process operates at speeds of 2-3 times the speed of conventional arc welding and has the added advantage of substantially reducing weld distortion in butt seam welds. An innovative approach has now been developed to utilize this process for stiffener-to-panel, T-Fillet welds – which is a significant distortion problem requiring costly straightening – so that the distortion in the panel is reduced.
Toward a New Procedure for the Quantitative Risk Assessment of Double Hull Oil Tankers in Collisions
Authors: Mansour Youssef Samy Adly , Ince Serdar Turgut , Kim Yang Seop , Faisal Muhammad , Seo Jung Kwan , Paik Jeom Kee
Published: August 2021

In recent decades, the number of ships increased substantially and it is still expected to continue to increase. Collision risk is one of the most serious accidents that can lead to severe consequences, such as casualty, property damage and environmental pollution. According to the statistics, it is found that the developments in collision avoidance systems and the related regulations have not contributed much to prevent the collision accidents. The aim of the present study is to develop a new methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of double–hull oil tankers. Within the framework of the methodology, a probabilistic approach is introduced to define a relevant set of ship–ship collision scenarios by treating the accidental influencing parameters as random variables. The collision frequency is calculated for each of the selected collision scenarios by considering a double–hull oil tanker collided with different types of striking ships. To predict the resulting collision damage to the struck ship, numerical simulations are conducted for each scenario by performing nonlinear finite element analyses. Based on the calculated risks, exceedance curves are established that can be used to define the collision design loads in association with various design criteria. In addition, to give a more complete picture of the risk assessment, a new method is proposed for assessing the risk of ship’s hull collapse following a collision. The results are formulated in terms of the residual strength index (RSI) and the loading ratio to produce the relationship between residual strength (R) and loading ratio of horizontal bending moment to vertical bending moment (L) and design formulations for predicting the RSI of damaged ship hulls are derived in an empirical manner. As an applied example, a hypothetical Suezmax–class double hull tanker is considered as a struck ship. Collision risks to asset and the environment are assessed. It is considered that the developed methodology can be useful in the early design stage of oil tankers.
Brush Development for Ship Hull Grooming
Authors: Tribou Melissa E. , Swain Geoffrey
Published: August 2021

Ship hull grooming is proposed as an environmentally friendly method of controlling fouling on ship hulls. It is defined as the frequent and gentle cleaning of a coating when the ship is idle to prevent the Establishment of fouling. Prior research by Tribou and Swain has evaluated the effectiveness of different methods and the frequency of grooming on different types of ship hull coatings. It was found that vertical rotating cup style Brushes provided the best method to maintain the coatings in a smooth and fouling free condition. This study investigated brush design and operational parameters in relationship to normal forces imparted by the brushes to the surface. A brush stiffness factor was developed and the independent variables for brush design non-dimensionalized for the normal force. A load cell was used to measure the forces imparted by different brushes and the models were validated using these non-dimensional terms. The knowledge gained by these studies will be used to optimize brush design for the implementation of grooming.
Shaft alignment of large LNG carrier with twin screw propulsion
Authors: Tao Liu
Published: August 2021

Optimized shaft alignment and high-quality construction are important guarantee of safe operation for propulsion system on board. Twin-propulsion system arrangement with certain degree skeg is more and more adopted by large LNG carrier. The global FE model with local refined mesh was used to capture the deflection of the hull structure around the propeller shaft system under different draft and loading conditions. Propeller forces were analyzed by computational fluid dynamic under severe operational conditions. Ship hull deformation and propeller forces were considered during the shaft line alignment calculations. In shaft line alignment calculation, there were five static loading conditions and six dynamic loading conditions. Following an iterative procedure in DNV shaft alignment software, the vertical position of all bearings relative to reference line was obtained in all calculated loading conditions. A stern tube bearing monitoring system was installed to monitor alignment performance in real time.
Model Tests for Safe-Return-to-Port of a Damaged Ship in Waves
Authors: Seo Jeonghwa , Bravo Cristobal Santiago , Rhee Shin Hyung
Published: August 2021

A series of tests using a course-keeping model ship with an autopilot system were carried out in a towing tank for research on Safe-Return-to-Port (SRTP). The autopilot system controls the rudder angle and propeller revolution rate by a feedback system. The variation of the heading angle of the test model with different control parameters was investigated first, to ensure that the test model had sufficient course-keeping maneuverability in severe wave conditions. The wave conditions and propeller revolution rate were selected based on SRTP regulations. Tests were conducted in wave conditions corresponding to sea states 4 to 6. The six-degrees-of-freedom motion response of the test model was measured by a wireless inertial measurement unit and gyro sensors to achieve fully wireless model tests. The advance speed and motion response in various wave conditions were measured and analyzed to investigate the effects of flooding behavior in a damaged condition and of waves on the propulsion and maneuvering performance of the damaged ship model.
Reducing Shipbuilding Touch Labor Costs with Augmented Reality
Authors: Rando Thomas C. , Preston Heidi L. , Rossi Joseph E.
Published: August 2021

Automation has yielded significant savings in the processes of ship design and engineering, and fabrication and manufacturing. However, there remains one area of the shipbuilding life cycle that has seen very little benefit from automation: the processes of installation and outfitting. The installation/outfitting phase of ship construction even today relies on the skill of a human mechanic. Installation work is non-repetitive and typically involves human judgment. Of the substantial number of installation/outfitting person-hours expended per ship about 10 to 15% of that time is spent in the process of locating: putting a component in its correct location within the ship. In shipbuilding, as with Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC), location on the ship means location with respect to a global (or ship’s) coordinate system. This requirement drives the location cost because conforming locations are to the virtual ship’s coordinate system. Thus, locations are based on milestones of the ship coordinate system, which may be remote from the location of the component to be installed. Setting up such reference locations is a time-consuming operation. This paper describes an application of Augmented Reality (AR), the ARmetage system, that is designed to streamline the installation/outfitting process.
Weld Management: Leveraging 3D Models and Visualization
Authors: Waldie Mark , David Patrick
Published: August 2021

Managing welding from engineering through to production and inspection and beyond is usually a disconnected, inefficient, laborious, unintuitive and error-prone process. The solution is to immerse this process within a 3D product data model environment with underlying software that is associative and that has on open architecture. This enables automatic change management, interactivity with other software applications, and data rich, intuitive visualizations of complex information. Building on work that was introduced to USA shipbuilders via the NSRP Second Tier Shipyard Design Enhancement projects II and III, SSI has developed a solution using its enhanced ShipConstructor WeldManagement application.
A 3D Linear Viscoelastic Parametric Structural Study of Bend Stiffeners Considering Temperature
Authors: Rojas Luis C. , Vaz Murilo A.
Published: August 2021

Bend stiffener are conical structures used in flexible riser systems in order to ensure smooth stiffness transition between riser and floating units, preventing excessive curvatures and protecting from failure. Made in polyurethane, the vast majority of analysis of bend stiffener-riser systems generally assume the material behavior as linear elastic or hyperelastic; time dependence, creep or stress relaxation are not considered. This work presents a parametric structural study of bend stiffeners, considering linear elastic and linear viscoelastic behavior using fourth order Prony series considering the temperature dependence on relaxation times. Different subroutines in FORTRAN based in UMAT -ABAQUS methodology are developed in order to calculate the mechanical response of bend stiffeners (deflection and curvature), assuming homogeneity, symmetry and isotropy. Case studies using solid finite elements made for different geometrical and material models and finally were compared with other works from different authors.
“Memórias invisíveis”: a produção de um documentário sobre o Abrigo Municipal de Alienados Oscar Schneider
Authors: Pasqualotto Mariana Zabot , Zanella Andrea V.
Published: August 2021

Este artigo traz alguns sentidos produzidos na experiência de pesquisa e de produção de um documentário a respeito das memórias do território onde se fundou o Abrigo Municipal de Alienados Oscar Schneider (1923-1942), primeira instituição psiquiátrica de Joinville/SC. A edificação do Abrigo de Alienados foi realizada, na segunda década do século XX, aos fundos do território de um cemitério e distante do contato com o centro urbano. Após seu fechamento, sua estrutura física foi utilizada como Presídio Político (1942-1945) e, mais tarde, como moradia de famílias de policiais militares (1950-1970), até ser demolida, por volta de 1970, para fins de ampliação do cemitério. Neste artigo, narra-se a elaboração do roteiro e o processo de gravação do documentário “Memórias Invisíveis”, constituído por entrevistas com testemunhas da existência do casarão e intervenções estético-artísticas (performances e projeções de imagens) operadas no território atual onde existiu a edificação, a saber, o cemitério municipal. O artigo traz como resultados reflexões sobre a relação ética para com os vestígios das vidas que tiveram passagem na instituição psiquiátrica e aponta também para a importância política de estratégias de tensionamento de memórias invisibilizadas ligadas à história da loucura.
Palavras-chave: História da loucura; loucura; memória; Abrigo Municipal de Alienados Oscar Schneider.
Ensuring the Safety of Hospitalized Oncology Patients During a Pandemic
Authors: Mastrangelo, MSN, AGACNP-BC Meghan , Muir, MSHS, PA-C Sara , Marturano, MBE, MSN, RN Erin
Published: August 2021

Patients with hematologic malignancies present a unique set of circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic; they are at increased risk of complications and death from COVID-19 infection, but the treatment of their cancer cannot be delayed. This article highlights some of the practice changes made by an inpatient hematology/oncology advanced practice provider team at a large academic institution in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at both a hospital-wide and service level. Practice changes have included restructuring the rounding process, imposing visitor restrictions, adjusting blood transfusion parameters, and implementing creative communication approaches to keep patients and families informed while practicing medicine under stringent new guidelines. Low COVID-19 infection rates at this particular hospital demonstrate that, while these changes were difficult, they were successful in preventing transmission of COVID-19 and keeping both patients and providers safe.
Early and Midtreatment Mortality in Palliative Radiotherapy: Emphasizing Patient Selection in High-Quality End-of-Life Care
Authors: Ning Matthew S. , Das Prajnan , Rosenthal David I. , Dabaja Bouthaina S. , Liao Zhongxing , Chang Joe Y. , Gomez Daniel R. , Klopp Ann H. , Gunn G. Brandon , Allen Pamela K. , Nitsch Paige L. , Natter Rachel B. , Briere Tina M. , Herman Joseph M. , Wells Rebecca , Koong Albert C. , McAleer Mary Frances
Published: August 2021

Background: Palliative radiotherapy (RT) is effective, but some patients die during treatment or too soon afterward to experience benefit. This study investigates end-of-life RT patterns to inform shared decision-making and facilitate treatment consistent with palliative goals. Materials and Methods: All patients who died ≤6 months after initiating palliative RT at an academic cancer center between 2015 and 2018 were identified. Associations with time-to-death, early mortality (≤30 days), and midtreatment mortality were analyzed. Results: In total, 1,620 patients died ≤6 months from palliative RT initiation, including 574 (34%) deaths at ≤30 days and 222 (14%) midtreatment. Median survival was 43 days from RT start (95% CI, 41–45) and varied by site (P<.001), ranging from 36 (head and neck) to 53 days (dermal/soft tissue). On multivariable analysis, earlier time-to-death was associated with osseous (hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; P<.001) and head and neck (HR, 1.45; P<.001) sites, multiple RT courses ≤6 months (HR, 1.65; P<.001), and multisite treatments (HR, 1.40; P=.008), whereas stereotactic technique (HR, 0.77; P<.001) and more recent treatment year (HR, 0.82; P<.001) were associated with longer survival. No difference in time to death was noted among patients prescribed conventional RT in 1 to 10 versus >10 fractions (median, 40 vs 47 days; P=.272), although the latter entailed longer courses. The 30-day mortality group included 335 (58%) inpatients, who were 27% more likely to die midtreatment (P=.031). On multivariable analysis, midtreatment mortality among these inpatients was associated with thoracic (odds ratio [OR], 2.95; P=.002) and central nervous system (CNS; OR, 2.44; P=.002) indications, >5-fraction courses (OR, 3.27; P<.001), and performance status of 3 to 4 (OR, 1.63; P=.050). Conversely, palliative/supportive care consultation was associated with decreased midtreatment mortality (OR, 0.60; P=.045). Conclusions: Earlier referrals and hypofractionated courses (≤5–10 treatments) should be routinely considered for palliative RT indications, given the short life expectancies of patients at this stage in their disease course. Providers should exercise caution for emergent thoracic and CNS indications among inpatients with poor prognoses due to high midtreatment mortality.
A Budget Impact Analysis of the VENTANA PD-L1 SP142 Immunohistochemistry Assay Versus the Dako PD-L1 IHC 22C3 Assay in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Atezolizumab in Combination With Nab-Paclitaxel
Authors: Scatena Cristian , Ravasio Roberto , Raimondo Paola , Giuliano Mario
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the budget impact determined by the adoption of two different diagnostic strategies, SP142 assay or 22C3 assay, in the identification (in terms of PD-L1 status) of patients with mTNBC eligible for treatment with atezolizumab in combination with nab-paclitaxel.METHODS: The budget impact analysis (BIA) was conducted using a budget impact model (BIM) considering the Italian National Health Service’s (iNHS) perspective. The analysis assessed only the direct medical cost (tissue biopsy, PD-L1 assay, specialist visit, pharmacological treatment with atezolizumab in combination with nab-paclitaxel) of patients with PD-L1 positive mTNBC, and management of the adverse events associated with the pharmacological treatment administered. The BIM also considered the clinical benefits (progression free survival, PFS) resulting from the drug therapy administered on the basis of the results of the post-hoc analysis of the IMpassion130 clinical trial. The BIA was conducted over a 1-year time horizon. The median cost per patient in the progression-free state was also calculated. The costs were calculated using the net ex-factory prices (cancer drugs) and regional or national tariffs (tissue biopsy, PD-L1 assay, specialist visit and adverse events management). A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the base case result.RESULTS: The SP142 assay diagnostic pathway would result in a reduction of the iNHS expenditure of approximately 5.6 million euros (-12%). Almost all of the reduction in iNHS expenditure would be determined by the lower number of patients treated (SP142: 689 patients vs 22C3: 786 patients) with immunotherapy (-€ 5,530,871). Compared with 22C3 assay, the SP142 assay shows a cost per PFS month reduction of € 736 (€ 7,010 vs € 7,746).CONCLUSIONS: The use of the SP142 assay proved to be cost-effective compared to the 22C3 assay; the SP142 assay can support the choice of the most appropriate cancer drug, maximizing the effectiveness and minimizing the waste of healthcare resources.
Evaluación del programa Caixaproinfancia de refuerzo educativo y acompañamiento escolar
Authors: Longás-Mayayo Jordi , Cañete-Massé Cristina , Cussó-Parcerisas Irene , De-Querol-Duran Roser , Guàrdia-Olmos Joan
Published: August 2021

El fracaso escolar afecta especialmente a alumnos en situación de pobreza. Existen diversos programas de educación compensatoria que buscan favorecer el éxito escolar en estos entornos. En este estudio evaluamos el refuerzo educativo del programa [nombre omitido para el proceso de revisión] y los resultados de éxito escolar de adolescentes en situación de pobreza participantes en [nombre omitido para el proceso de revisión] en el curso 2016-17. 
Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial considerando las variables de rendimiento escolar y sociodemográficas de 2301 jóvenes de 16 a 18 años. Se ha evidenciado que 2 de cada 3 jóvenes tienen dificultades importantes en sus trayectorias escolares. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre la valoración de las entidades y el rendimiento académico. La promoción al finalizar la ESO alcanzó el 68,2% de los jóvenes que han cursado 4º de ESO y el 70,9% de los que han participado del Refuerzo Educativo. El menor número de abandonos en los participantes del Refuerzo Educativo indicó el efecto del acompañamiento personalizado.
Intervención educativa en centros de justicia juvenil. Una aproximación a sus discursos y prácticas
Authors: Venceslao Pueyo Marta , Marí Ytarte Rosa Mª
Published: August 2021

En el presente artículo se presenta un estudio sobre el modelo educativo de los Centros de Justicia Juvenil en España, realizado entre los años 2017 y 2018 a partir de los resultados previos obtenidos en el marco de una investigación anterior más amplia sobre la profesionalización de los educadores sociales. El trabajo se centra en el análisis de las categorías conceptuales y las medidas educativas que se realizan en centros de internamiento para jóvenes. Los elementos metodológicos principales fueron, por un lado, el análisis de los documentos de producción oficial (protocolos y manuales de intervención) y, por otro, técnicas de carácter etnográfico como la observación directa en los centros y las entrevistas en profundidad a los educadores. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la conceptualización de la categoría “menor infractor” viene acompañada de una serie de atributos desfavorables –inscritos en el campo científico, jurídico, político y mediático– que construyen una cierta imagen estereotipada de los jóvenes. Estos esquemas de percepción orientan un modelo de intervención que pone el acento en las supuestas deficiencias del sujeto. Las conclusiones refirieron que dichas “marcas” funcionan, tanto en los programas como en la práctica, a modo de “etiquetas” que dificultan la posibilidad de orientar una acción educativa abierta a nuevos recorridos sociales para estos jóvenes.
Los intelectuales y la cuestión de la cultura popular: interpretaciones e iniciativas durante la Unidad Popular
Authors: Ayo Schmiedecke Natália
Published: July 2021

En este artículo examino las diferentes formas en que los intelectuales chilenos interpretaron el objetivo de crear una “nueva cultura” de carácter “popular” en el contexto de la Unidad Popular (1970-1973). Con este fin, propongo cuatro categorías de análisis: producción cultural “sobre el pueblo”, “para el pueblo”, “con el pueblo” y “del pueblo”. A través de ejemplos de discursos y obras que se realizaron en diferentes campos, destaco la transversalidad de las problemáticas del debate y la producción cultural de la época. A diferencia de los autores que enfatizan las limitaciones proporcionadas por la ausencia de una línea conductora de la política cultural, sostengo que la presencia simultánea de referentes diversos estimuló el debate y permitió el desarrollo paralelo de múltiples iniciativas en el campo de la cultura. Al trabajar con esta problemática, busco contribuir a superar la tendencia a abordar la política cultural en la Unidad Popular con el sesgo del fracaso o la insuficiencia; llamar la atención sobre lo limitante que resulta reducir la política cultural a la acción gubernamental; y proporcionar elementos para relativizar la noción de actitudes cerradas e internamente coherentes en el interior de la izquierda chilena.
El movimiento de la Nueva Canción chilena: cultura y contrahegemonía
Authors: McSherry J. Patrice
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza el movimiento de la Nueva Canción chilena (NCCh) como un componente integral de un poderoso movimiento contrahegemónico, que se formó en los mediados de los años 1960 y fue clave en la elección del presidente Salvador Allende en 1970. Las canciones de la NCCh no solo denunciaron las injusticias sino que articularon los sueños y esperanzas de multitudes de chilenos por un futuro de justicia social y dignidad. Simultáneamente los músicos eran comunicadores sociales, historiadores, profesores, organizadores e intérpretes de las aspiraciones populares. Presentaban conciertos en los salones sindicales del norte y sur de Chile, así como en cientos de asambleas estudiantiles y reuniones de campesinos en el campo. Utilizo los conceptos de Antonio Gramsci, particularmente sus ideas sobre la hegemonía y el rol de los intelectuales orgánicos, para evaluar el significado de la NCCh. Interpreto el rol de sus músicos como intelectuales orgánicos porque dieron voz a los sin voz, visibilizaron sus luchas e hicieron parecer posible y alcanzable una nueva sociedad de justicia social.
PROMISING TECHNOLOGIES OF INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURE
Authors: Voronin Boris Aleksandrovich , Voronina Yana Viktorovna
Published: August 2021

The personnel-to-be for agricultural enterprises mostly live in rural areas. Therefore, it is important to create conditions for the intellectual development of young people in rural schools, which is the subject of the study in this article. Digitalization, creating conditions for the development of "smart agriculture", undoubtedly affects the progress in agricultural relations, but the main emphasis should be placed on the human resource of agriculture. Now it is necessary to develop a system of personnel retraining, to organize the labor discipline of rural residents in small forms of management, to find alternative forms for the production activities of the rural population. Promising technologies of "intelligent" agriculture will ensure effective environmentally safe pest control, will contribute to the restoration and preservation of useful properties of soils and groundwater, and with the help of these technologies, compliance with the certification requirements of organic agriculture will be constantly monitored. hus, the main goal of the personnel policy in the field of agriculture is the timely selection of highly qualified personnel, the development of human capital, the increase in human production efficiency through informatization and modernization of production in each individual agricultural enterprise.Setting Strategic integration is necessary to give the integrity of the overall organizational strategy to develop a personnel strategy. The overall goal of this process is to ensure the intellectualization of human capital and the transition to digital agriculture.
Deep learning detects cardiotoxicity in a high-content screen with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Grafton Francis , Ho Jaclyn , Ranjbarvaziri Sara , Farshidfar Farshad , Budan Anastasiia , Steltzer Stephanie , Maddah Mahnaz , Loewke Kevin E , Green Kristina , Patel Snahel , Hoey Tim , Mandegar Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2021

Drug-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity are major causes of drug attrition. To decrease late-stage drug attrition, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries need to establish biologically relevant models that use phenotypic screening to detect drug-induced toxicity in vitro. In this study, we sought to rapidly detect patterns of cardiotoxicity using high-content image analysis with deep learning and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). We screened a library of 1280 bioactive compounds and identified those with potential cardiotoxic liabilities in iPSC-CMs using a single-parameter score based on deep learning. Compounds demonstrating cardiotoxicity in iPSC-CMs included DNA intercalators, ion channel blockers, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclin-dependent kinase, and multi-kinase inhibitors. We also screened a diverse library of molecules with unknown targets and identified chemical frameworks that show cardiotoxic signal in iPSC-CMs. By using this screening approach during target discovery and lead optimization, we can de-risk early-stage drug discovery. We show that the broad applicability of combining deep learning with iPSC technology is an effective way to interrogate cellular phenotypes and identify drugs that may protect against diseased phenotypes and deleterious mutations.
Natural variation in the consequences of gene overexpression and its implications for evolutionary trajectories
Authors: Robinson DeElegant , Place Michael , Hose James , Jochem Adam , Gasch Audrey P
Published: August 2021

Copy number variation through gene or chromosome amplification provides a route for rapid phenotypic variation and supports the long-term evolution of gene functions. Although the evolutionary importance of copy-number variation is known, little is understood about how genetic background influences its tolerance. Here, we measured fitness costs of over 4000 overexpressed genes in 15Saccharomyces cerevisiaestrains representing different lineages, to explore natural variation in tolerating gene overexpression (OE). Strain-specific effects dominated the fitness costs of gene OE. We report global differences in the consequences of gene OE, independent of the amplified gene, as well as gene-specific effects that were dependent on the genetic background. Natural variation in the response to gene OE could be explained by several models, including strain-specific physiological differences, resource limitations, and regulatory sensitivities. This work provides new insight on how genetic background influences tolerance to gene amplification and the evolutionary trajectories accessible to different backgrounds.
Self-Learning Network-based segmentation for real-time brain M.R. images through HARIS
Authors: Naga Srinivasu Parvathaneni , Balas Valentina Emilia
Published: August 2021

In recent years in medical imaging technology, the advancement for medical diagnosis, the initial assessment of the ailment, and the abnormality have become challenging for radiologists. Magnetic resonance imaging is one such predominant technology used extensively for the initial evaluation of ailments. The primary goal is to mechanizean approach that can accurately assess the damaged region of the human brain throughan automated segmentation process that requires minimal training and can learn by itself from the previous experimental outcomes. It is computationally more efficient than other supervised learning strategies such as CNN deep learning models. As a result, the process of investigation and statistical analysis of the abnormality would be made much more comfortable and convenient. The proposed approach’s performance seems to be much better compared to its counterparts, with an accuracy of 77% with minimal training of the model. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed training model is evaluated through various performance evaluation metrics like sensitivity, specificity, the Jaccard Similarity Index, and the Matthews correlation coefficient, where the proposed model is productive with minimal training.