bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INCTs podem desenvolver missões orientadas por problemas?
Authors: Marenco André
Published: May 2024

Nos últimos 70 anos, o Brasil institucionalizou seu sistema de pesquisa, ciência e tecnologia. Por outro lado, o incremento na produção acadêmica e na formação de pesquisadores científicos converteu-se de modo apenas limitado na geração de conhecimento aplicado e sua contribuição para a inovação tecnológica, social e administrativa A pergunta que guia este trabalho é em que medida os Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) criados pelo CNPq podem cumprir o papel de mission-oriented innovation policies e o que falta para que o façam. Foram analisados os 203 INCTs atualmente ativos, suas áreas de origem, temáticas e procura analisar relações com os 21 Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável. A partir dos achados, foram apontadas indicações para a evolução dos INCTs como instrumentos de produção de inovação científica, tecnológica, social e administrativa para o país.
Quantifying dwell time with location-based augmented reality: Dynamic AOI analysis on mobile eye tracking data with vision transformer
Authors: Mercier Julien , Ertz Olivier , Bocher Erwan
Published: May 2024

Mobile eye tracking captures egocentric vision and is well-suited for naturalistic studies. However, its data is noisy, especially when acquired outdoor with multiple participants over several sessions. Area of interest analysis on moving targets is difficult because A) camera and objects move nonlinearly and may disappear/reappear from the scene; and B) off-the-shelf analysis tools are limited to linearly moving objects. As a result, researchers resort to time-consuming manual annotation, which limits the use of mobile eye tracking in naturalistic studies. We introduce a method based on a fine-tuned Vision Transformer (ViT) model for classifying frames with overlaying gaze markers. After fine-tuning a model on a manually labelled training set made of 1.98% (=7845 frames) of our entire data for three epochs, our model reached 99.34% accuracy as evaluated on hold-out data. We used the method to quantify participants’ dwell time on a tablet during the outdoor user test of a mobile augmented reality application for biodiversity education. We discuss the benefits and limitations of our approach and its potential to be applied to other contexts.
Book Review: Chris Pallant, Beyond Bagpuss: A History of Smallfilms Animation Studio (London: BFI, 2022).
Authors: Evans Thomas
Published: May 2024

Book Review: Chris Pallant, Beyond Bagpuss: A History of Smallfilms Animation Studio (London: BFI, 2022), pp. 288, ISBN: 978-1839022388, pbk. £24.99, hbk. £84.98.
Preoperative echocardiography as a predictor of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in older patients with mild left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Park Eun Ji , Cho Ah-Reum , Kim Hyae-Jin , Lee Hyeon-Jeong , Jeon Soeun , Baik Jiseok , Do Wangseok , Kang Christine , Kang Yerin
Published: May 2024

Background: Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension (SAH) frequently occurs in older patients, many of whom have mild left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, often asymptomatic at rest. This study investigated the association between preoperative echocardiographic measurements and SAH in older patients with mild LV diastolic dysfunction. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using data from electronic medical records. The patients ≥ 65 years old who underwent spinal anesthesia for urologic surgery between January 2016 and December 2017 and whose preoperative echocardiography within 6 months before surgery revealed grade I LV diastolic dysfunction were recruited. SAH was investigated using the anesthesia records. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed.Results: A total of 163 patients were analyzed. SAH and significant SAH developed in 55 (33.7%) patients. The mitral inflow E velocity was an independent risk factor for SAH (odds ratio [OR], 0.886; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.845–0.929; P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for mitral inflow E velocity to predict SAH was 0.819 (95% CI, 0.752–0.875; P < 0.001). If mitral inflow E velocity was ≤ 60 cm/s, SAH was predicted with a sensitivity of 83.6% and specificity of 70.4%. Conclusions: The preoperative mitral inflow E velocity demonstrated the greatest predictability of SAH in older patients with mild LV diastolic dysfunction. This may assist in identifying patients at high risk of SAH and guiding preventive strategies in the future.
Anesthesia and cancer recurrence: a narrative review
Authors: Ahn Hyun Joo
Published: May 2024

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. With the increasingly aging population, the number of emerging cancer cases is expected to increase markedly in the foreseeable future. Surgical resection with adjuvant therapy is the best available option for the potential cure of many solid tumors; thus, approximately 80% of patients with cancer undergo at least one surgical procedure during their disease. Agents used in general anesthesia can modulate cytokine release, transcription factors, and/or oncogenes. This can affect host immunity and the capability of cancer cells to survive and migrate, not only during surgery but for up to several weeks after surgery. However, it remains unknown whether exposure to anesthetic agents affects cancer recurrence or metastasis. This review explores the current literature to explain whether and how the choice of anesthetic and perioperative medication affect cancer surgery outcomes.
DEVELOPMENT OF CLASSIFIERS OF DEVIATIONS FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTS OF THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY AND COMPENSATORY MEASURES
Authors: Fedorin D.A. , Bakhtizin R. N. , Ismagilova S.M. , Sunagatova L.M.
Published: May 2024

The paper analyzes the problem of ensuring safety at various stages of the life cycle of main pipelines and steel vertical tanks in cases of deviations from the requirements of current design standards. To effectively solve this problem, independent and easily modifiable classifiers of deviations from the requirements of regulatory documents, as well as measures aimed at compensating for these deviations, have been developed. The faceted method was chosen as the classification method, which allows us to divide a large object of study into smaller characteristics independent of each other, which facilitates the decision-making process and allows us to take into account many aspects.The resulting classifiers are a tool for systematization of information obtained during the analysis and development of special technical conditions necessary to ensure the safety of main pipelines and steel vertical tanks. Due to their ability to be easily modified, they can be adapted to specific objects and conditions, which makes them a versatile and flexible tool for developing and making engineering decisions.An important aspect of the work is the practical testing of the developed classifiers by applying them to a real object of the oil and gas industry. This stage of testing demonstrated the high efficiency and practical applicability of the proposed classifiers, which indicates their potential aimed at improving the safety of oil and gas transportation and storage facilities, as well as products of their processing.In addition, the systematization of information on deviations from the requirements of regulatory documents and ways to compensate for them allows not only to increase the level of safety during the construction, reconstruction and operation of pipelines and reservoirs, but also to reduce the consequences of possible emergencies.The results obtained represent an important step in the development of an approach to ensuring the safety of main pipelines and steel vertical tanks, and also have both practical and scientific value, and can be recommended for use by specialists in the field of design, technosphere safety and the development of special technical conditions.
THE ROLE OF ATOMIC SCATTERING FACTORS IN DETERMINING THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE BAZHENOV SUITE'S ROCKS
Authors: Malinin A.V. , Sitdikov V.D. , Sitdikova A.V. , Mironov I.V. , Makatrov A.K.
Published: May 2024

For the first time, it was demonstrated, that the use of standard atomic-structural parameters of minerals in X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine the phase composition in the Bazhenov suite's core is incorrect and most often leads to inaccurate information when calculating their quantitative ratio. In particular, by decomposing the XRD — based quantitative data on the mineral composition of the core of the Bazhenov suite into the main rock-forming oxides and further comparing them with reliable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) data, an unsatisfactory convergence between them was established. At the same time, significant differences in the results of XRD and XRF have been shown in terms of oxides of silicon, sodium, magnesium, potassium, and iron, both at large and small mass fractions. It has been found that even with perfect XRD, achieved by optimizing the standard mineral structure parameters (lattice period, crystallite size, crystal lattice microdistortion, absorption coefficient, crystallographic texture, background) and achieving a very high degree of convergence (more than 95%) of experimental and theoretical diffractograms, the differences between oxide forms are still significant. It is shown, that the results of XRD of Bazhenov suite are questioned due to detected inconsistencies in oxide forms. Using the analysis of multiple factors and data from diffractograms of many samples, it has been established that the identified differences are primarily caused by the use of incorrect initial atomic-structure parameters of minerals in modeling. It is shown that rock minerals in the Bazhenov suite are primarily characterized by significant changes in the values of atomic scattering factors and significant displacements of atomic positions in the nodes of the crystal lattice, caused by the action of the high pressures and temperatures in the formation. For the first time, the XRD algorithm that has been developed, is presented and implemented in Bazhenov suite rocks, with consideration of the state of atoms in the analyzed mineral. Furthermore, it was found that the authors XRD approach enables the identification and quantification of the Bazhenov suite minerals with a relatively low content, which are challenging to identify during traditional XRD.
SUBSTANTIATION OF METHOD FOR LEVELING INJECTIVITY PROFILE UNDER CONDITIONS OF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS OF FIELD NAMED AFTER R. TREBSA
Authors: Vakhrushev S.A. , Mochalkin D.S. , Abdullin V.M. , Ziganshin T.G. , Lysenkov D.E.
Published: May 2024

At the moment, the issue of reducing water cut during the development of carbonate fractured reservoirs is relevant. In the work, the object of the study is the carbonate deep reservoirs of the R. Trebs field. According to the field development analysis, there are production wells with sharp unpredictable breakthrough of injected water.In order to increase the coverage of pay zones by waterflooding, it is necessary to use methods aimed at limiting the filtration of injected water into water-flooded intervals.High formation temperature and mineralization of formation water are complicating factors in the selection of the injection profile alignment (runway) technology.Taking into account the criteria specified in the work, potential candidates for testing the technology were selected for the runway.The article analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing runway methods used when exposed to injection wells. The criteria for the applicability of various technologies based on the use of: polymer/gel compositions, emulsion compositions, including reverse emulsions, injection of aqueous salt solutions, silicate, thermotropic and complex reagents are highlighted. Technologies and compositions based on water-soluble polymers that form viscoelastic compositions when crosslinkers of various nature are added are recognized as the most promising for the conditions of the fractured reservoir of the Trebs field.Particular attention is paid to laboratory experiments aimed at studying the physical and chemical properties of crosslinked polymer systems, conducting filtration experiments, determining the applicability of the technology for the geological and physical conditions of the study object.According to the results of physicochemical experiments, such parameters as the time of dissolution of reagents, compatibility with formation water, time and temperature of gelling were determined. Based on the shear test, rheological parameters of the investigated polymer systems are determined. Testing was carried out to determine the conditions under which the crosslinked polymer composition breaks down.Filtration experiments were carried out on linear and volumetric models of the formation using core material from the Trebs field to determine the reagent with the highest colmating abilities calculated from the residual resistance factor.
Shipping Company on the Lake Baikal: From the First Idea to the Implementation of the Plan
Authors: Raspopina Alena
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the formation of steamship communication on the lake. Baikal. Based on a corpus of sources from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive and the Russian Navy Archive, the process of establishing a shipping company on Lake Baikal is studied in detail. An attempt is made to trace the relationship between the dissolution of the Irkutsk Admiralty and the granting of the privilege to open steamship routes along the Siberian rivers to the richest Siberian gold miner N.F. Myasnikov, whose petition, although it was far from the first, but given the confluence of circumstances, turned out to be submitted very timely. Proposals about the possibility of starting voyages through Baikal on steamships were received repeatedly back in the 1820s. and, although they were expressed by naval officers who were serving on Lake Baikal at that time and who saw the advantages of using steam ships, all their ideas were recognized by the state as premature. First of all, this was due to the costs that the state would have to bear if a decision was made on the need to organize steamship routes through Baikal. Request from N.F. Myas­nikova’s proposal to grant the privilege of steamship communication on the Siberian rivers received considerable sympathy in the highest echelons of power, and a positive decision was made on it very quickly. Archival material containing correspondence between the Main Directorate of Eastern Siberia and the Main Directorate of Communications and Public Buildings made it possible to trace how the process of implementing N.F. Myasnikov’s plan went, what difficulties the entrepreneur had to face during the construction of steamships and the opening of permanent steamship routes across Baikal. Only the presence of solid capital could allow the first owners of shipping companies to carry out their plans without going bankrupt, given that the income from the shipping company, as a rule, did not significantly exceed the costs of its maintenance.
Some Aspects of the Preliminary Investigation Conducted by an Investigative Team in Russian Criminal Proceedings: Through the Prism of an Expert Opinion
Authors: Lubyagin Mihail
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the results of a survey of 476 subjects of criminal procedure work, including 169 investigators and 307 prosecutors, which was carried out in different regions of the Russian Federation (the Altai Republic, the Sakha (Yakut) Republic, the Buryat Republic, Transbaikal, Primorsky, Kamchatka, Irkutsk Regions, and others). The survey was devoted to the assessment of the quality and effectiveness of criminal proceedings conducted by an investigative team, as well as the suggestions on the improvement of normative and organizational foundations for the preliminary investigations conducted by a team. The question of the composition of the investigative team at the current stage is considered: thus, it is determined that clauses of Part 2, Art. 163 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation need improvement. This need is explained by the fact that if the work of the investigative team requires the participation of, for example, a forensic investigator, or employees from the inquiry body, etc., these people join the investigative team. At the same time, the article presents the results of a survey of investigators and prosecutors regarding the assessment of the quality of preliminary investigation conducted by an investigative team in Russian criminal proceedings. The opinions of the subjects of criminal procedure activities are used to identify key advantages of the collegial (group, team) mode of the preliminary investigation, and to determine the most urgent problems in the law enforcement work during the preliminary investigation of a criminal case conducted by an investigation team. Besides, the author takes into account the positions of both the representatives of the criminal procedure and criminalistic doctrines on the one hand, and investigators and prosecutors, on the other, and then develops and offers his own concept of improving the criminal procedure regulation of the procedure of preliminary investigation conducted by an investigative team.
International Treaties as Sources of Criminal Law Prescriptions in Chapter 34 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tarbagaev Alexey , Lushchaeva Maria
Published: May 2024

The authors examine how Russian legislation can be brought in accord with Russia’s international obligations that are used in practice by the lawmakers in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: implementation and overt or covert reference. They analyze the examples of implementation and references in Champer 34 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the specifics of adding articles and the used legislative formulations. The authors present examples of a different scope of criminalizing an action at the domestic and the international levels. Besides, they highlight the problem of sometimes a considerable time gap between the ratification of an international treaty and its implementation in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and note that ratified but unimplemented international treaties are only a part of the Russian legal system, however, they are not sources of Russian criminal law. The research revealed that implementation is sometimes non-linear: several international treaties can be implemented into one Article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation or, vice versa, one Article of the Code can determine liability for violating several international treaties. A special part of the work is devoted to studying the list of international agreements referred to in Art. 353–356, 360 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The analysis allowed the authors to conclude in which cases non-self-executing international treaties are the source of criminal law prescriptions. They also mention a new type of a blanket disposition introduced in 2014, which refers not to a normative act from a different sector, but to a court act (Art. 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The authors conclude that in this case the Nuremberg Tribunal's decision will be a source of Russian criminal law. In conclusion the authors outline the most urgent problems at the legislative level that require scientific and practical solutions.
Socio-Economic Development of Tibet in the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006–2010). Part 9
Authors: Selishchev Aleksander
Published: May 2024

The 11th Five-year Plan of the People's Republic of China was an important stage in the socio-economic development of both the whole of China and the TAR in its composition. The plan set an annual GDP growth rate of 7.5 %, which actually exceeded 10 %. Tibet, on the other hand, was developing at a rate of more than 12 % per year. During the five-year plan, Tibet experienced many serious trials: a series of powerful earthquakes that claimed thousands of lives. In 2008, when China was preparing to host the Olympic Games in Beijing in August, Western intelligence agencies provoked an uprising in Lhasa on March 18. The leaders of France (in 2008) and the United States (in 2010) distinguished themselves by provocations against China, meeting with the Dalai Lama, despite the vigorous objections of the Chinese authorities. Nevertheless, Britain officially recognized Tibet for the first time as an autonomous region within the PRC. Significant achievements have been made in the development of transport in the region and especially aviation. Tibet remained one of the twelve least developed western regions of the People's Republic of China, but its economy continued to develop dynamically. The authority of Tibet in the world community has significantly increased, one of the manifestations of this was the great success of Tibet at the world Exhibition in Shanghai in 2010.
Problems and Methods of Estimation of Parameters of Mathematical Models
Authors: Kazazaeva Anna
Published: May 2024

The technology of step-by-step modeling of the functioning of quasi-stationary systems is described. One of the methodological problems in the implementation of this technology is the choice of a method for estimating the parameters of the model at different stages of its formation based on the sometimes contradictory, inaccurate, multi-time data available. To estimate the parameters of dependencies, various methods can be used, including least modules, least squares, minimizing the maximum deviation of the discrepancies between the estimates of the parameters used in the dependency model and the available source data. In relation to the problem of estimating the parameters of linearized dependencies, the results of a comparative analysis of these and other methods of parameter estimation are considered. An example of estimating the mortality parameters of a large and small golomyanka is considered on the basis of approximation by a truncated exponential law of the distribution of the age of fish from catches.
Database-driven protein solubilization v1
Authors: Brown Caroline , Ghosh Snehasish , Gupta Kallol
Published: May 2024

This is a protocol for using the extraction database found at www.polymerscreen.yale.edu for optimal extraction of membrane proteins into native nanodiscs.
LC-MS of Native Nanodiscs v1
Authors: Brown Caroline , Ghosh Snehasish , Gupta Kallol
Published: May 2024

This protocol provides a step-by-step guide for conducting LC-MS analysis of native nanodiscs extracted from biological membranes.
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en pacientes adultos mayores de los centros gerontológicos del Cantón Pedro Moncayo, Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Zurita-Herrera Jose David , Farfan-Mera Karina Patricia ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Hermosa-Gallardo Dayana Nicole ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Oña-Toapanta Ingrid Antonella ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Niama-Bonifaz Esteban Javier ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador
Published: May 2024

Introducción: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal (CVRSB) en adultos mayores que acudieron a los centros gerontológicos del Cantón Pedro Moncayo. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico en una muestra por conveniencia de 61 adultos mayores que asisten a tres Centros Gerontológicos ubicados en el Cantón Pedro Moncayo en Ecuador, quienes firmaron el consentimiento informado y cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Se tomaron consideraciones especiales para participantes de 87 a 100 años, proporcionando asistencia durante la encuesta por personal capacitado. Los datos se recopilaron mediante 2 secciones: la primera con datos de edad, sexo, y uso de prótesis, y la segunda sección el cuestionario (OHIP-Sp) que consta de 49 ítems con 7 secciones. Se empleó el programa estadístico SPSSv.26 para analizar los datos. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas en la CVRSB según el OHIP-Sp de acuerdo con factores sociodemográficos. Los adultos mayores entre 76 a 85 años, sexo masculino y aquellos sin prótesis tuvieron un promedio más alto, respectivamente. La incapacidad física obtuvo la puntuación más alta (13,95 ± 3,90), indicando una baja CVRSB, mientras que la incapacidad social tuvo la puntuación más baja (4,67 ± 2,83), relacionada con una mejor CVRSB. Conclusión: de acuerdo con los resultados del OHIP-Sp se logró evidenciar que este grupo de adultos mayores experimentó deficiencia en la CVRSB, siendo el sexo masculino el más afectado en las distintas dimensiones.
Reseña del proceso de valoración documental en Colombia (1989 a 2019)
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, García-Morales Camio , Pulgarín-Gallego Marta Cecilia ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Ramírez-Chica Carolina ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Sáenz-Giraldo Andrés ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: May 2024

En este artículo se presenta el proceso de gestación, consolidación y transformación de la valoración documental en Colombia, con base en la revisión de normatividad archivística. Está organizado en cuatro etapas; la primera plantea los antecedentes del proceso relacionados con el interés del Gobierno en el patrimonio documental como fuente de identidad nacional; la segunda se ocupa de la gestación del proceso y la creación de sus instrumentos archivísticos; la tercera responde a la consolidación como producto de la modificación de los procedimientos e instrumentos con la Ley General de Archivos como marco; y la cuarta se centra en la transformación del proceso producto del impacto de las TIC en la producción de documentos de archivo. Este recorrido permite identificar la relación entre el proceso de valoración y los intereses de la sociedad, evidenciar problemáticas procedimentales en su aplicación, reconocer el crecimiento disciplinar a lo largo del tiempo y resaltar la importancia de estudiar el proceso de forma continua.
Regression and Neural Network Analysis of the System of Cardiorespiratory Synchronism Parameters to Predict the Minimum Limit of the Synchronization Range
Authors:   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063, Russian Federation, Rudenko O. V. , Shkirya T. V. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063, Russian Federation
Published: May 2024

In order to improve the existing step-by-step principle of determining the limits of the range of cardiorespiratory synchronization (CRS) and the regulatory and adaptive capabilities of the human body, a regression analysis of measurements of the CRS parameters system was carried out. Statistical prediction of the minimum limit of the synchronization range in the CRS method was performed using linear, nonlinear multiple regression models, as well as neural network regression. The following parameters were used as the basis for predicting the minimum limit of the synchronization range: initial heart rate, initial respiratory rate, age and gender. The variable initial heart rate contributed the most to all regression models. A comparative analysis of the quality indicators of all models showed that the prediction of the minimum limit of the synchronization range can be carried out both by linear multiple regression and using neural network regression implemented by means of a 3-4-1 multilayer perceptrons. However, having already had a NN-regression forecast of maximum limit of the synchronization range, as well as a NN-classification of the level of regulatory-adaptive status, the use of NN-regression will be proposed as the main forecasting method for its implementation in the software of the CRS measurement system.
Changes in clinical guidelines for the treatment of colorectal cancer in 2024
Authors: Gordeev S. S. , Fedyanin M. Yu. , Chernykh M. V. , Rubakov Ye. G. , Karachun A. M. , Nevolskikh A. A. , Tryakin A. A. , Mamedli Z. Z.
Published: May 2024

Aim. The ensuring that changes to clinical guidelines can be discussed more widely before they are formally introduced into clinical practice.

Materials and methods. A brief review of the literature and rationale for each proposed major change in the treatment section is presented. The refusal to carry out preoperative radiation therapy for cancer of the upper ampullary rectum, the narrowing of indications for preoperative radiation therapy for cancer of the mid-ampullary rectum, as well as the expansion of indications for total non-adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with damage to the circular resection margin are discussed. Changes to the drug treatment section are discussed.

Results. This article presents planned changes to clinical guidelines for the treatment of non-metastatic colorectal cancer in 2024. The most significant alterations concerned neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer and adjuvant treatment of colon cancer. A new algorithm was proposed for choosing rectal cancer neoadjuvant therapy, considering individual treatment decisions.

Conclusion. A consensus was achieved concerning the necessity to expand indications for neoadjuvant rectal cancer chemotherapy, but only in patients with good functional status. The most benefit can be achieved in patients, for whom complete clinical response is the aim of the treatment and in patients with positive circumferential resection margin.
Clinical, epidemiological and genetic features of colorectal cancer
Authors: Kukanova A. M. , Bekisheva A. T. , Makishev A. K.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The incidence of colorectal cancer for 2020 was 1931590 cases, which is 10 % of all new cases of incidence, and mortality from colorectal cancer ranks 2nd among cancer deaths, it is 935 173 cases (9.4 %) according to Globocan 2020. According to statistics of the Kazakh Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology for 2019–2020 сolorectal cancer ranks 3rd in the structure of oncopathology, both in terms of morbidity and mortality. The occurrence of colorectal cancer is associated with an interaction that occurs at several levels between hereditary, environmental and individual factors. Understanding the molecular basis is important because it can identify factors that initiate development, maintain progression, and determine response or resistance to anticancer agents.

Aim. To describe the main genetic mutations and their impact on treatment prognosis, diagnosis and course of colorectal cancer.

Materials and methods. A systematic literature review of scientific databases Cochrane, PubMEd, MedLine, Elsevier was carried out. For the main search, the main search terms are formulated: colorectal cancer, mutations in colorectal cancer, molecular genetic studies in colorectal cancer, mutation of the KRAS gene. Also, a time range was set no later than 5 years, i. e. all articles published from 2017 to the current year.

Results. The main molecular changes in colorectal cancer are Chromosome instability, microsatellite instability, and abnormal DNA methylation. Suppressor genes, such as Ras, EGFR (Erb-B1), Erb-B2, TGF-alpha, and TGF-beta 1, are also of great importance.

Conclusion. Research that contributes to the understanding of the molecular basis of colorectal cancer helps in the early diagnosis of familial cancer, treatment prognosis and a personalized approach to patient treatment.
A review of small bowel orthotopic bladder plasty techniques after radical cystectomy
Authors: Islamоv K. R. , Gataullin B. I. , Nasrullaev M. M. , Islamov R. G. , Gataullin I. G.
Published: May 2024

In the Russian Federation, the prevalence of bladder cancer is increasing from year to year. Currently, the problem of urine drainage after radical cystectomy is urgent. The most optimal medical, social and psychological rehabilitation in such patients is provided by orthotopic plastic surgery of the bladder. At the same time, it is necessary to use the terminal sections of the ileum. The article presents overview data on the key points of the creation of the neobladder, historical information on the development of techniques for creating a urinary reservoir, various methods of creating neocystis from the ileum. Data on the advantages and disadvantages of certain techniques are presented.
Comparison of short-term outcomes of D2 and D3 lymph nodes dissection for colon cancer
Authors: Balaban V. V. , Mutyk M. G. , Bondarenko N. V. , Zolotukhin S. E. , Sovpel O. V. , Sovpel I. V. , Klochkov M. M. , Zykov D. S. , Rublevskyi I. V. , Tulina I. A. , Nekoval V. M. , Barkhatov S. I. , Vasilyev A. E. , Tsarkov P. V.
Published: May 2024

Background. D3 lymph node dissection remains controversial in colon cancer surgery.

Aim. To compare the short-term of D2 and D3 lymph nodes dissection for colon cancer.

Materials and methods. Design of the study – prospective randomize controlled study. Inclusion criteria: age over 18 years, colon adenocarcinoma cT3–4n0–2m0, patient consent to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria: distant metastases diagnosed preoperatively, cTis–T2, cT4b (pancreas, stomach, small intestine, ureter, bladder, kidney), emergent cases (limited to tumor perforation, acute bowel obstruction), history of previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, synchronous or metachronous cancer, pregnancy or breastfeeding, refusal to participate in the study. withdrawal criteria were exploratory laparotomy/laparoscopy or other reasons for refusing resection.

Results. A total of 436 patients were included in the study no differences were found in the clinical characteristics of groups D2 and D3. In the D2 lymph node dissection group the incidence of unintentional vascular injuries was in 7 (3.2 %) patients, in the D3 lymph node dissection group – in 15 (6.9 %) patients (p = 0.12). The operating time increased by 30 minutes in D3 lymph node dissection group (p p = 0.42). Hartmann’s procedure was performed in 2 (0.9 %) patients in the D2 lymph node dissection group. Complications IIIb were recorded in 5 (2.3 %) and 9 (4.1 %) patients in lymph node dissection groups D2 and D3, respectively (p = 0.42). Anastomotic leakage was not observed in the D2 lymph node dissection group; in the D3 lymph node dissection group, it was diagnosed in 3 (1.4 %) patients (p = 0.25). postoperative multiple-organ failure (Iv) or mortality (v) were not observed. grade 3 quality of the specimen was observed in 160 (73.4 %) patients in the D2 lymph node dissection group, 163 (74.8 %) in the D3 lymph node dissection group (p = 0.79). The median number of lymph node harvested was 11 more in the D3 lymph node dissection group (p < 0.001). Apical lymph nodes were positive in 5 (2.3 %) patients in the D3 lymph node dissection group. There was no difference between the groups in R0 resection margin.

Conclusion. D3 lymph node dissection is safe in terms of short-term outcomes in the treatment of colon cancer.
Diagnosis and treatment of retrorectal cystic hamartoma: clinical case
Authors: Zvezda S. A. , Dimitriadi D. G. , Tamrazov P. I. , Simonov A. V. , Frank E. M. , Fedorov N. M. , Komarova L. N.
Published: May 2024

Background. Retrorectal tumors are a rare group of tumors that can be benign or malignant in origin; in most cases, they are asymptomatic. They mainly arise in the presacral space, which is limited by Waldeyer’s fascia posteriorly, the rectal fascia proper anteriorly, the ureters and lateral ligaments of the rectum laterally, the levator ani muscles and coccyx inferiorly, and the transition of the pelvic peritoneum between the second and third sacral segments superiorly. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for diagnosis and surgical planning. Most retrorectal tumors require surgical treatment without preoperative biopsy. Here, we present a case of a retrorectal cystic hamartoma that was treated with surgery.

Clinical case. Patient N., 45 years old, presented with suspected pelvic malformation. The patient reported experiencing pain in the sacrum area since May 2023, with no history of trauma. She sought medical help at a local polyclinic, where an ultrasound of the pelvic organs revealed a pelvic mass. The patient was then referred to an oncologist at the Multidisciplinary Clinical Medical Center “Medical City”. Physical examination showed no specific features, except upon rectal examination, where a non-displaced tumor measuring up to 2 cm was palpated along the posterior rectal wall. MRI of the pelvic organs confirmed the presence of a mass behind the lower ampullary rectum. Surgical treatment was subsequently performed, and the diagnosis of teratoma was confirmed through morphological and immunohistochemical studies.

Conclusion. Early comprehensive diagnostics and an experienced surgical team are key factors for successful treatment of patients with retrorectal tumors.
A Content Analysis of Technology Enhanced Learning in Mathematics Education Studies Between 2017 And 2022
Authors: Karlinger Panna , Erbaş Çağdaş
Published: May 2024

This review critically examines the evolving interface of technology-enhanced learning (TEL) within the realm of mathematics education between 2017 and 2022. Drawing on a detailed content analysis of 23 seminal papers sourced from the Web of Science, the study seeks to unravel patterns across various dimensions, including geographical distribution, journal prominence, sample characteristics, employed technologies, and foundational learning theories. The overarching objective remains anchored in discerning prevailing themes and trends that could illuminate future research trajectories and enhance pedagogical design in mathematics. The outcomes underscore dynamic shifts in technological adoption, with certain technologies finding more resonance in mathematical education for varied learner groups. Additionally, the review throws light on the prevalent learning theories guiding these studies, hinting at the pedagogical underpinnings steering this academic discourse. Intended for academics, policymakers, and educators, this study not only maps the current terrain of TEL in mathematics but also delineates the contours for impending explorations, emphasising the need for more inclusive and exhaustive reviews in the future.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TYPE OF ATTACHMENT AND THE STRONG CHARACTER TRAITS OF YOUNG UKRAINIAN WOMEN
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, VLASOVA Olena , KOVALENKO Vladyslavа ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Background. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the type of attachment and strong personality traits of young women. Strong personality traits are able to describe a person's internal characteristics, and also help predict his successful behavior (M. Seligman). The study also used the classification of types of attachment by J. Bowlby and M. Ainsworth: 1) reliable or safe; 2) avoidant; 3) anxious-ambivalent; 4) disorganized (timid). Methods. 122 women aged from 17 to 23 years, took part in the empirical study. The methods were used the "Test for determining the quality of attachment" (MAQ), a screening modification of the Seligman and Peterson test "Definition of strengths (values) and virtues" (adapted by G. Lapteva, O. I. Vlasova), correlation analysis (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient). Results. The relationship between the strong personality traits of young women and their types of attachment is statistically substantiated. A direct correlation was found between the safe type of attachment and kindness, as well as inverse correlations between the anxious-ambivalent type and the ability to make judgments, optimism and persistence; avoidant type and inquisitiveness, inability to communicate; disorganized type and lack of optimism. Сonclusion. Thus, respondents with a reliable type of attachment have statistically expressed strong traits, on the other hand, according to another study by the authors, they are also not inclined to use psychological defenses in difficult life situations. Young women with unreliable attachment styles don't pronounced strong traits. Instead, such persons are characterized by various psychological defenses as tools for organizing their mental activity in stressful and traumatic life situations.
Connecting Sound to Data: Sonification Workshop Methods With Expert and Non-Expert Participants
Authors: Pauletto Sandra
Published: May 2024

Sonification and sonic interaction design aim to create meaningful displays and digital interactions using data and information from the most disparate fields (astronomy, finance, health, and security, for example) as the basis of the design. To date, there are no standards and conventions on how to meaningfully link data to sound; therefore, designers develop these connections on a case-by-case basis. Participatory workshops that target end users and domain experts are a way for sound designers to find meaningful connections between data and sounds at the start of the design process so that final outcomes are more likely to be effective and accepted by users. In this paper, the authors present and discuss the participatory workshop methods they have developed within the Sound for Energy project. In particular, they will highlight the aspects that can be easily transferable to other target domains. With this, the authors contribute to the effort of making sonification and sonic interaction design a more viable and accepted alternative to traditional, usually visual, displays.
Toward an Auditory Virtual Observatory
Authors: García Riber Adrián , Serradilla Francisco
Published: May 2024

The large ecosystem of observations generated by major space telescope missions can be remotely analyzed using interoperable virtual observatory technologies. In this context of astronomical big data analysis, sonification has the potential of adding a complementary dimension to visualization, enhancing the accessibility of the archives, and offering an alternative strategy to be used when overlapping issues are found in purely graphical representations. This article presents a collection of sonification and musification prototypes that explore the case studies of the MILES and STELIB stellar libraries from the Spanish Virtual Observatory and the Kepler and TESS light curve databases from the Space Telescope Science Institute archive. Using automation and deep learning algorithms, it offers a “palette” of resources that could be used in future developments oriented toward an auditory virtual observatory proposal. The work includes a user study with quantitative and qualitative feedback from specialized and nonspecialized users analyzing the use of sine waves and musical instrument mappings for revealing overlapped lines in galaxy transmission spectra, confirming the need for training and prior knowledge for the correct interpretation of accurate sonifications, and providing potential guidelines to inspire future designs of widely accepted auditory representations for outreach purposes.
A Natural Sonification Mapping for Handwriting
Authors: Gross-Vogt Katharina , Rachdi Noah , Frank Matthias
Published: May 2024

The sonification of handwriting has been shown effective in various learning tasks. In this paper, the authors investigate the sound design used for handwriting interaction based on a simple and cost-efficient prototype. The authentic interaction sound is compared with physically informed sonification designs that employ either natural or inverted mapping. In an experiment, participants copied text and drawings. The authors found simple measures of the structure-borne audio signal that showed how participants were affected in their movements, but only when drawing. In contrast, participants rated the sound features differently only for writing. The authentic interaction sound generally scored best, followed by a natural sonification mapping.
Algorithmic Bias and Non-Discrimination in Argentina
Authors: Farinella F.
Published: May 2024

One of the major research problems related to artificial intelligence (AI) models at present is algorithmic bias. When an automated system “makes a decision” based on its training data, it can reveal biases similar to those inherent in the humans who provided the training data. Much of the data used to train the models comes from vector representations of words obtained from text corpuses, which can transmit stereotypes and social prejudices. AI system design focused on optimising processes and improving prediction accuracy ignores the need for new standards for compensating the negative impact of AI on the most vulnerable categories of peoples. An improved understanding of the relationship between algorithms, bias, and non-discrimination not only precedes any eventual solution, but also helps us to recognize how discrimination is created, maintained, and disseminated in the AI era, as well as how it could be projected into the future using various neurotechnologies. The opacity of the algorithmic decision-making process should be replaced by transparency in AI processes and models. The present work aims to reconcile the use of AI with algorithmic decision processes that respect the basic human rights of the individual, especially the principles of non-discrimination and positive discrimination. The Argentine legislation serves as the legal basis of this work.
The Protection of Human Genetic Information in the EU: Ethical, Constitutional and Criminal Law Aspects
Authors: Trikoz E. N. , Gulyaeva E. E.
Published: May 2024

The European Union has achieved a significant milestone through the widespread implementation of genomic and postgenomic technologies in diverse fields including personalized and regenerative medicine, immunology, nutrition practices, sports medicine, and the wellness industry. This article revolves around the practical application of genomics and EU bioethics, with a specific emphasis on investigating the cutting-edge legal methodologies referred to as Lex Genetica and Legal Biotech. The European Union market for genomic research is presently experiencing significant and swift expansion, coupled with ongoing progress and effective integration of genetic technologies. Consequently, there exists a pressing necessity to strengthen legal protections and guarantees, specifically concerning the privacy of human genomic information, within the domain of EU criminal legislation. Within the framework of Horizon Europe, a funding program dedicated to research and innovation, the European Union (EU) prioritizes three pillars, with one specifically focused on tackling global challenges and augmenting the competitiveness of European industries. The “health” cluster within this pillar underscores the significance of advancing healthcare technologies, reducing health hazards, protecting communities, and fostering the welfare of individuals. Genomic research harbors immense possibilities in achieving these aims and has emerged as one of the most pioneering and groundbreaking fields in recent years. This paper aims to complement prior publications by offering an updated analysis of selected topics since 2018. The urgency of legal regulations for all the accompanying processes becomes evident within the global roll-out of postgenomic technologies and the pan-European tendency to move from fundamental exploratory research to the practical application of omics technologies in the EU (the study of genome, proteome, and metabolome). Numerous jurisdictions in the EU provide for gene-related offenses, including cloning, modifying the human germ line, and dispersing GMOs without appropriate authorizations. However, the specific offenses vary in the EU countries to a large degree.