bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PKCδ requires p53 for suppression of the transformed phenotype in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Perlett Gianpaolo , Marras Emanuela , Osti Daniela , Felici Lara , Zaro Sabrina , de Eguileor Magda
Published: May 2007

We have previously demonstrated that the delta isoform of Protein Kinase C (PKCδ) acts as a tumor suppressor in HCT116 human colon cancer cells, and that p21waf1/cip1 is an essential downstream effector of PCKδ. Our data suf‐fested that p53 might also be involved in the suppression of the neoplastic phenotype induced by PCKδ. Here we show that homozygous knockout of p53 renders the HCT116 cell line unresponsive to PKCδ overexpression. Whereas reconstitution of p53 along did not modify the morphology and growth properties of HCT116/p53null cells, overexpression of both p53 and PKCδ induced a number of alterations indicating suppression of the transformed phe‐notype. Interestingly, PKCδ was ineffective when overexpressed in HT29 cells, a human colon cancer line charac‐terized by the Arg273His dominant‐negative mutation of p53. Thus, our data indicate that wild‐type p53 is an essen‐tial effector of PKCδ in human colon cancer cells.
Issues in stem cell plasticity
Authors: Filip S. , English D. , Mokrý J.
Published: May 2007

Experimental biology and medicine work with stem cells more than twenty years. The method discovered for in vitro culture of human embryonal stem cells acquired at abortions or from„surplus” embryos left from in vitro fertilization, evoked immediately ideas on the posibility to aim development and differentiation of these cells at regeneration of damaged tissues. Recently, several surprising observations proved that even tissue‐specific (multipotent) stem cells are capable, under suitable conditions of producing a while spectrum of cell types, regardless, whether these tissues are derived from the same germ layer or not. This ability is frequently called stem cell plasticity but other authors also use different names ‐„non‐orthodox differentiation” or„transdifferentiation”. In this paper we wish to raise several important questions and problems related to this theme. Let us remind some of them: Is it possible to force cells of one‐type tissue to lool and act as cells of another tissue? Are these changes netural? Could these trans‐formations be used to treat diseases? What about the bioethic issue? However, the most serious task “still remains to be soloved ‐ how to detect, harvestand culture stem cells for therapy of certain diseases”.
An update of the risk assessment for methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) with focus on rinse‐off products
Authors: Fewings J. , Menné T.
Published: May 2007

Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) has been widely used during the last 20 years for the preservation of aqueous systems in cosmetics, toiletries and in various industrial applications. MCI/MI has a broad spectrum of activity against fungi and bacteria at very low concentrations. The allergic contact potential of MCI/MI has been known for many years. This paper provides a review of pre‐clinical and clinical experimental studies as well as experience from dermatology clinics worldwide. This forms the basis for an update of the risk assessment for the use of MCI/MI in rinse‐off products. The scientific data indicate that the actual sensitization rate observed with a contact allergen is extremely dependent on dose and type of exposure. This review of the data leads to the conclusion that, under normal use conditions, within the current permitted/recommended use concentrations for MCI/MI of up to 15ppm, the risk of primary sensitization from the use of rinse‐off products is negligible, and elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis in MCI/MI‐sensitized individuals rare, after exposure to MCI/MI‐preserved rinse‐off products.
Unclassified endogenous eczema
Authors: Mkenzie‐Wood Andrew R. , Freeman Susanne
Published: May 2007

Patients with intractable eczema are often referred for patch testing to exclude contact dermatitis. If this is excluded, then a diagnosis of endogenous eczema is made. At our clinic, we find a sizeable proportion of these patients do not fit any of the known patterns of endogenous eczema. These patients are given the diagnosis of unclassified endogenous eczema and make up 8% of the patients seen at our Occupational and Contact Dermatitis Clinic. There is little information available on this group of patients, with no mention of this problem in the recent dermatological literature. Since March 1996. we have further investigated these patients, to develop some understanding of this category. 12 of 34 patients reviewed over this period had an elevated IgE level above 100 IU/ml. Thus, despite no past history or family history of eczema, asthma or hayfever, at least 1/3 of these patients are probably suffering from atypical, late onset atopic dermatitis. Patients were later contacted by telephone (average 2 years) to assess the natural history of this condition. In 20 of the 31 patients contacted, their eczema had either improved or resolved. We think that this important category of eczema needs to be recognized and further investigated.
Acetone has anti‐inflammatory effects on experimental contact reactions
Authors: Sjögren Florence , Groth Ove , Anderson Chris
Published: May 2007

The effects of a topically applied corticosteroid and its acetone vehicle on experimental allergic, toxic and irritant reactions are presented. The corticosteroid budesonide in acetone or acetone alone was applied to reactions immediately after and at different time intervals within the 1st h after provocation. Classical naked eye observation was performed and the dermal cellular infiltrate was differentiated and counted using a previously well‐characterized method. “Treatment”, whether with the steroid in acetone or acetone alone, had anti‐inflammatory effects. For all reaction types, erythema and oedema diminished and a significant decrease in mononuclear cells was seen, when application occurred within the first 5 min after provocation. The effects were most marked for the toxic reaction to croton oil, the steroid and the vehicle being anti‐inflammatory to the same extent. Application up to 60 min after provocation had anti‐inflammatory effects for this reaction type. The mechanisms of acetone's anti‐inflammatory effects are at present unclear. One possible explanation is that intercellular lipid organisation and, by extension, cellular membrane lipid organisation, are altered, influencing membrane receptor function. Possible anti‐inflammatory effects of acetone should be considered in experimental and perhaps even clinical situations. Further investigation of the therapeutic possibilities of the finding seems warranted.
The Romantic Sonnet Revival: Opening the Sonnet's Crypt
Authors: Raymond Mark
Published: May 2007

Discussions of the sonnet tradition often claim that the sonnet is ‘the most popular, enduring, and widely used poetic form in English.’ At first glance, the Romantic period in English seems to bear out these claims fully. Keats and Shelley, Byron, Wordsworth, Coleridge and Blake – the six, standard male authors of the Romantic‐period canon – all wrote sonnets of some type, and undeniably the form achieved extraordinary popularity in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. However, after its Elizabethan heyday, the sonnet in English had languished as a neglected and decidedly unfashionable form. Before the rise of Romanticism, the sonnet form in the 18th century appeared to be dead, a defunct and antiquated genre. Romanticism resurrected the sonnet and in doing so invented our notion of its widespread favor and timeless appeal. The sonnet, even a Shakespeare sonnet, only becomes a preeminent poetic genre in the age of Wordsworth and Keats, who wrote some of the most familiar sonnets in British literature. More accurately, however, we should credit the sonnet's revival to an age of Charlotte Smith, Mary Robinson and Anna Seward; poets, notably women poets, who, lying now at the margins of the male‐dominated Romantic canon, were essentially responsible for engaging and recuperating the moribund sonnet tradition in English. The question is repeatedly asked: Why did Romantic poets choose to revive such an outmoded form? A recent surge in critical attention to the Romantic sonnet, as part of Romanticist criticism's larger project of reclaiming texts and authors (especially women authors) long neglected and excluded by the standard canon, explores how the compact and demanding form of the sonnet could open up a space outside of the dominant literary authority in which poetic voices, excluded by gender or class, could appropriate for themselves the legitimacy of a cultural tradition that had long been closed. In opening the sonnet's 18th‐century crypt, Romanticism translates the abject relics of a dead poetic structure into a revitalized poetic space in which natural, spontaneous sentiment and diction could find expression.
Surgical Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction After Dermal, Pericardial, and Small Intestinal Submucosal Grafting for Peyronie's Disease
Authors: Kovac Jason R. , Brock Gerald B.
Published: May 2007

Introduction

Peyronie's disease, a localized fibrosis of the tunica albuginea surrounding the penile corpora, results in penile curvature and sexual dysfunction. Surgical management involving grafting to straighten the penis is the treatment of choice in conditions unresponsive to conservative therapy where penile length preservation is important.

Aim

To determine surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction after dermal, pericardial, and small intestinal submucosal grafting for Peyronie's disease.

Main Outcome Measures

The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), postoperative self-reports, patient satisfaction, and clinical characteristics were used to measure outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed charts of 36 patients who underwent surgery for Peyronie's disease requiring grafting from 1999 to 2005. Follow-up to subjectively assess outcomes was conducted.

Results

Average patient age at surgery was 55 ± 1 years. Body mass indexes were similar among all groups. Erectile dysfunction risk factors were comparable with 36% reporting hypertension and 22% hypercholesterolemia. Overall patient follow-up time was 673 ± 98 days. Self-reported resolution of penile curvature was noted in 60% of dermal, 100% of Tutoplast, and 76.9% of Stratasis graft recipients. Stratasis patients maintained presurgery length (54%) and rigidity (77%) more so than dermal (30%, 60%) and Tutoplast (23%, 39%) patients. Assessment of erectile dysfunction using the IIEF-5 captured significant improvements in patients receiving Stratasis grafts (preoperative: 10.1 ± 1.1 vs. postoperative: 17 ± 1.6). Overall, 89% of patients reported satisfaction following surgical intervention.

Conclusions

Surgical management of Peyronie's disease results in correction of penile curvatures and high rates of patient satisfaction. Loss of penile length and decreased rigidity occurred to a lesser degree with Stratasis grafts. While detailed informed consent is essential in this patient population, novel materials such as Tutoplast and Stratasis grafts improve outcomes following surgical correction of Peyronie's disease.
Sexual Function After Radical Hysterectomy for Early-Stage Cervical Cancer
Authors: Jongpipan Juntana , Charoenkwan Kittipat
Published: May 2007

Introduction

For early-stage cervical cancer, treatment with radical surgery appears effective with excellent survival. However, the treatment is associated with significant morbidities. Sexual dysfunction is the leading cause of symptom-induced distress after the treatments for early-stage cervical cancer. There has been no study that evaluates the effect of surgical treatments for cervical cancer on sexual function in the Eastern/Asian patients.

Aim

To examine the effect of radical hysterectomy on postoperative sexual function in women with early-stage cervical cancer.

Main Outcome Measures

The visual analog score on seven aspects of sexual function: overall satisfaction with sexual intercourse, sexual desire, vaginal lubrication, vaginal elasticity, orgasmic satisfaction, patient-perceived partner satisfaction, and associated anxiety.

Methods

Thirty patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy at the Chiang Mai University Hospital were recruited. All of the patients were interviewed by questionnaire on sexual function at preoperative hospital admission and then at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Relevant clinical and pathologic data were also prospectively collected.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 45.3 ± 6 years (range 28–59). Seven (23%) of the patients were postmenopausal. Almost all (97%) had FIGO stage IB1 disease. Fourteen (46.7%) patients had bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and one (3.3%) patient had unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were diagnosed in 83% and 17%, respectively. At 3 and 6 months after operation, 63% and 93% of the patients had sexual intercourse, respectively. Considering the overall sexual satisfaction, the patient-rated visual analog score appeared comparable at preoperative and 6-month postoperative assessment (4.2 ± 2.5 vs. 3.6 ± 2.2, P  > 0.05).

Conclusion

Radical hysterectomy using the current technique has a minimal short-term impact on sexual function. A comparative study with long-term follow-up would provide clearer information on permanent effect of radical hysterectomy on sexual function.
Simultaneous Measurement of Pelvic Floor Muscle Activity and Vaginal Blood Flow: A Pilot Study
Authors: Both Stephanie , Laan Ellen
Published: May 2007

Introduction

Dyspareunia, defined as persistent or recurrent genital pain associated with sexual intercourse, is hypothesized to be related to pelvic floor hyperactivity and to diminished sexual arousal. Empirical research to support these hypotheses is scarce and concentrates mostly on the role of either pelvic floor activity or genital arousal in female dyspareunia. Currently, however, there is no measurement device to assess pelvic floor activity and genital response simultaneously.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of a new device that enables simultaneous measurement of pelvic floor activity and genital response in women.

Main Outcome Measures

Genital arousal measured as vaginal pulse amplitude, and vaginal surface electromyogram (EMG).

Method

Thirty sexually functional women participated. To investigate the accuracy of genital response measurement with the adapted photoplethysmograph, and the sensitivity of the device for involuntary changes in pelvic floor activity, vaginal pulse amplitude and vaginal surface EMG were monitored during exposure to emotional, including erotic, films. In addition, vaginal surface EMG was monitored during instructed pelvic floor contractions.

Results

The genital data obtained during emotional films proved accurate measurement of genital response. EMG values during the emotional films indicated limited sensitivity of the device for small, involuntary changes in pelvic floor activity due to emotional state. The EMG measurements during the instructed pelvic floor contractions proved sensitivity of the new probe to voluntary pelvic floor activity.

Conclusion

It is concluded that following improvement of the sensitivity of the EMG measurement for small, involuntary changes in pelvic floor activity, the device will be a valuable tool in research on superficial dyspareunia.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease-Associated Erectile Dysfunction. Part I: Effects of Risk Factors
Authors: El-Sakka Ahmed , Morsy Ayman , Fagih Bassam
Published: May 2007

Introduction

Recently it has been demonstrated that enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) could improve erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with refractory ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Aim

To assess the effect of risk factors on the efficacy and the satisfaction rate of EECP in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)-associated ED.

Main Outcome Measures

To assess the effect of risk factors on EECP efficacy and satisfaction rate, we compared the pre- and post-EECP responses to erectile function domain, Q3, and Q4 in patients with and without risk factors. Overall satisfaction and global efficacy question (GEQ) were also assessed.

Methods

A total of 44 male consecutive patients with intractable angina caused by coronary insufficiency which cannot be controlled by conventional therapy were enrolled in this study. Patients were screened and followed up for ED using erectile function domain of the International Index for Erectile Function. A thorough sexual, medical, and psychosocial history was taken from all patients.

Results

All patients had severe diffuse triple vessels disease. They all had class III or IV angina. They were receiving the maximal antianginal pharmacotherapy. The mean age ± SD was 57.1 ± 5.6 years. Of the patients, 63.9% were below 60 years, and 86.4% were current or ex-smokers. There were significant differences between pre- and post-EECP regarding erectile function domain, Q3, and Q4. The sociodemographic variables were not significantly different among the studies groups and had not affected the GEQ or overall satisfaction. Overall satisfaction and GEQ were negatively influenced by smoking and presence of more than two risk factors. However, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, myocardial infraction, and obesity have not had such effects.

Conclusion

The efficacy and satisfaction rate of EECP in patients with CAD-associated ED were negatively influenced by presence of risk factors; however, the global efficacy and the overall patients' satisfaction were encouraging.
Journey into the Realm of Requests for Help Presented to Sexual Medicine Specialists: Introducing Male Sexual Distress
Authors: Pescatori Edoardo S. , Giammusso Bruno , Piubello Giorgio , Gentile Vincenzo , Farina Furio Pirozzi
Published: May 2007

Introduction

The recent availability of noninvasive pharmacological remedies for male sexual function triggered an exponential increase in the number of men requesting help in the sexuality area.

Aim

The Italian Society of Andrology explored requests for help, not included in formerly established clinical categories of sexual medicine.

Methods

A central board of 67 andrologists identified new areas of requests for help, instrumental for a web-based questionnaire, forwarded to 912 members of the Italian Society of Andrology. Results were submitted to an independent consensus development panel.

Main Outcome Measures

A questionnaire response rate of 30.8% was considered acceptable according to standard response rates of medical specialist samples.

Results

The Central Board interaction identified two new domains of requests for help: sexual distress and unconventional requests for pro-erectile medications. Web-based questionnaire results suggested that such domains account for 29% and 9% respectively of all requests for help already presented by male patients at sexual medicine clinics. The Independent Consensus Development Panel issued a final consensus document; herewith, the statement defining male sexual distress: A non-transitory condition and/or feeling of inadequacy such as to impair “sexual health” (WHO working definition). Inadequacy can originate both from physiological modifications of male sexual functions, and from diseases, dysfunctions, dysfunctional symptoms and dysmorphisms, both of andrological and non-andrological origin, which do not relate to “erectile dysfunction” (NIH Consensus Development Panel definition), but that might also induce erectile dysfunction. Sexual Distress can lead to a request for help which needs to be acknowledged.

Conclusion

The Italian Society of Andrology identified two new areas of requests for help concerning male sexual issues: sexual distress and unconventional requests for pro-erectile medications. These domains, which do not represent new diseases, nonetheless induce the sufferers to seek help and, accordingly, need to be acknowledged.
Public Religious Sentiment and Personal Piety in the Ancient Near Eastern City of Emar during the Late Bronze Age
Authors: Cohen Yoram
Published: May 2007

The textual finds from the Late Bronze Age city of Emar on the Euphrates River are one of the significant archaeological discoveries in ancient Syria. They provide an almost unparalleled source of information regarding an urban community that preserved the customs and religious beliefs of its semi‐nomadic origins. As part of the Hittite empire, it accepted some of the imperial cultic practices, but on the whole, held on to its traditional rituals and cultic practices. This article surveys the rituals of the city that were concerned with the installation of the city's priestesses and the celebration of the festivals in honour of its major gods. A discussion of personal piety as manifest in the ephemeral documents and the private names of the citizens of the city follows.
CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS RESEARCH: A RESOURCE FOR COUPLE AND FAMILY THERAPISTS
Authors: Hendrick Susan S.
Published: May 2007

This article describes the relatively new field of close relationships research, offering a representative list of topics studied by relationships reseachers. Some of the common interests shared by both close relationships reseachers and couple and family therapists are described, with theshared emphasis on relationships as an anchor for both fields. Some representative love theories are discussed, and Love Styles theory and research are presented in considerable detail. A clinicalcase example indicates how love styles research may be employed to advantage by couple therapists, and the utility of other close relationships theories and measures for therapy is briefly discussed.
THE INTIMATE JUSTICE SCALE: AN INSTRUMENT TO SCREEN FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE AND PHYSICAL VIOLENCE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Jory Brian
Published: May 2007

This article describes development of the Intimate Justice Scale (IJS) and reports on a clinical study of the validity, reliability, and clinical usefulness of the instrument. Rather than measuring specific acts of abuse, the IJS measures ethical dynamics of couple relationships, which areevident in patterns of action and attitude expressed over the course of the relationship. Ethical dynamics appear to correlate with partner abuse. The study suggests that the IJS may reliably identify victims of abuse and may discriminate between minor and severe levels of abuse. The IJS can be completed and scored in less than 10 min and may be useful for screening in mental health, medical, and social service agencies. Clinical guidelines and a case example are presented.
WITNESSING THE EFFECTS OF POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN FAMILIES: MECHANISMS OF INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION AND CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Weingarten Kaethe
Published: May 2007

In this era of globalization, when news about political violence can haunt anyone, anywhere, those whose families have suffered political violence in the past are particularly vulnerable to current distress. Skilled in understanding transgenerational processes, family therapists need to befamiliar with the mechanisms by which children are exposed to the effects of political violence suffered by their elders‐that is, the ways in which they become their witnesses. This article presents a framework for understanding how the trauma of political violence experienced in one generation can “pass” to another that did not directly experienced it, and proposes a model to guide clinical intervention.
TALKING ABOUT RACE USING CRITICAL RACE THEORY: RECENT TRENDS IN THE JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY
Authors: McDowell Teresa , Jeris Laurel
Published: May 2007

This study uses critical race theory as an interpretive lens to critique recent race related articles in the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy (JMFT). Our primary goal is to contribute to and inspire dialogue about the perspectives marriage and family therapists (MFTs) are taking in relationship to race. We situate our exploration within the broader context of continuing professional education. We describe the main themes of critical race theory and use them as the conceptual framework. Analyzing 127 articles, we found that only topics related to couples and divorce occurred more frequently than race and social justice. Within the articles on race, evidence suggests that issues of race and racism are emerging as key informants of MFT practice. We point to areas for consideration in future MFT research and practice.
EVIDENCE‐BASED PRACTICE FOR MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPISTS
Authors: Patterson Jo Ellen , Miller Richard B. , Carnes Stefanie , Wilson Shanna
Published: May 2007

The purpose of this article is to integrate science into clinical practice by introducing marriage and family therapists to the ideas of evidence‐based practice (EBP). Evidence‐based practice, which originated in the medical field, refers to the process of using research to make clinical decisions that best meet the needs of each client. Included in the description is a brief history ofEBPs and ideas about learning EBPs. Suggestions are also made about the use EBPs in MFT training programs, and resources are provided to enable clinicians to use EBPs in clinical practice.
AFFECTION AND CONFLICT IN MARITAL AND PARENT‐CHILD RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Fauchier Angèle , Margolin Gayla
Published: May 2007

In this study, we examined affection and conflict in marital and parent‐child relationships, as reported by mothers, fathers, and 9‐ and 10‐year‐old children in a community sample of 87 families. Affection and conflict were inversely related within relationships, with mixed findings acrossrelationships. Most reports showed an association between marital and parent‐child conflict as well as between marital and parent‐child affection. According to fathers, however; the association between marital affection and father‐child affection is moderated by marital conflict. Clinical implications of the associations between positive and negative dimensions of family interaction and ofthe links between marital and parent‐child relations are discussed.
PARTNERING WITH COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS: ENGAGING RURAL AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES IN BASIC RESEARCH AND THE STRONG AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES PREVENTIVE INTERVENTION PROGRAM
Authors: Murry Velma McBride , Brody Gene H.
Published: May 2007

The Center for Family Research has implemented the first family‐community preventive intervention program designed specifically for rural African American families and youths. Basic information garnered during a decade of research in rural African American communities formed the theoretical and empirical foundations for the program, which focuses on delaying the onset of sexual activity and discouraging substance use among youths. The Center's researchers have formulated future directions for engaging rural families in basic research and preventive intervention programs.
A PROGRAM OF RESEARCH WITH HISPANIC AND AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES: THREE DECADES OF INTERVENTION DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING INFLUENCED BY THE CHANGING CULTURAL CONTEXT OF MIAMI
Authors: Muir Joan A. , Schwartz Seth J. , Szapocznik José
Published: May 2007

In this article we summarize work with poor, inner‐city Hispanic and African American families conducted at the University of Miami Center for Family Studies. We elucidate ways inwhich this research program has paralleled the treatment development paradigm and has been responsive to changes in local demographics. Specific cultural issues peraining to Hispanis and African Americans are discussed in light of treatment development and implementation. Future directions and challenges for working with poor, inner‐city minority families are addressed.
MOVING BEYOND THE BLAME GAME: TOWARD A DISCURSIVE APPROACH TO NEGOTIATING CONFLICT WITHIN COUPLE RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Sinclair Stacey L. , Monk Gerald
Published: May 2007

The concept of discourse is an important tool in negotiating conflict and facilitating conversations within therapy. This article offers a useful framework for negotiating conflict in a couple relationship by highlighting the manner in which individual's expectations are mutually emergent from particular discursive positions. Specific discursive practices and approaches that make more visible the cultural production of conflicts are presented via a case illustration. These practices provide more freedom to couples in relationships to explore conflicts with less totalizing descriptions of the other as blameworthy. In addition, a discursive analysis of conflict invites therapists to be more intentional, reflexive, and socially responsible in their work.
SOLUTION‐FOCUSED PREMARITAL COUNSELING: HELPING COUPLES BUILD A VISION FOR THEIR MARRIAGE
Authors: Murray Christine E. , Murray Thomas L.
Published: May 2007

This article outlines a solution‐focused approach to premarital counseling. Solution‐focused premarital counseling is a strength‐based approach that focuses on a couple's resources to develop a shared vision for the marriage. Background information about premarital counseling and solution‐focused therapy provide the framework for the development of intervention strategies that are grounded in the solution‐focused approach. Solution‐oriented interventions include solution‐oriented questions, providing feedback, and the Couple's Resource Map, an original intervention that is described in this article.
DO GENERAL TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR ASIAN AMERICAN FAMILIES HAVE APPLICATIONS TO SPECIFIC ETHNIC GROUPS? THE CASE OF CULTURALLY‐COMPETENT THERAPY WITH KOREAN AMERICANS
Authors: Kim Elena Young‐Kyong , Bean Roy A. , Harper James M.
Published: May 2007

To serve Korean American families effectively, marriage and family therapists need to develop a level of cultural competence. This context analysis of the relevant treatment literature was conducted to discover the most common expert recommendations for family therapy with Asian Americans and to examine their application to Korean Americans. Eleven specific guidelines were generated: Assess support systems, assess immigration history, establish professional credibility, provide role induction, facilitate “saving face,” accept somatic complaints, be present/problem focused, be directive, respect family structure, be nonconfrontational, and provide positive reframes. Empirical support (clinical and nonclinical research) and conceptual support for each guidelines are discussed, and conclusions are reached regarding culturally competent therapy with Korean American families.
CULTURALLY SENSITIVE ADAPTATION OF PREPARE WITH JAPANESE PREMARITAL COUPLES
Authors: Asai Shuji G. , Olsno David H.
Published: May 2007

In this study, we attempted to achieve a culturally snesitive adaptation of the PREmarital Personal And Relationship Evaluation (PREPARE) Inventory with Japanese premarital couples (n = 849). A translation, back‐translation, and construct modification process was initiated by a group of U.S. and Japanese researchers to ensue a culturally sensitive and applicable adaptation of PREPARE. Alpha reliability analyses revaled good internal cosistency among Japanese PREPARE scales. A Japanes premarital couple typology was developed using cluster analyses. Several unique features of the Japanese premarital types are identified and discussed. Suggestions are provided for contiued enhancement in adaptation process of PREPARE with Japanese premarital couple.
PREDICTORS OF ATTACHMENT STYLES OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE: AN ATTACHMENT THEORY MODEL FOR WORKING WITH FAMILIES
Authors: McWey Lenore M.
Published: May 2007

The purpose of this study was to examinen the attachment styles of children in foster care and to use this information to inform clinical practive (N = 110). When examining the relationship between attachment style and child characteristics, no significant differences were found. A structural equation model hypothesizing the relation of individual characteristics, losses, and family contact to avoidant attachment was then tested. Reslults provided tentative support for the hypothesized model. Implications for therapists include being attentive to attachment injuries, and working to create safe therapeutic environments when working with families involved in the foster care system.
THE RESTRUCTURING OF FAMILY SCHEMAS:A COGNITIVE–BEHAVIOR PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Dattilio Frank M.
Published: May 2007

Cognitive–behavior therapists define schemas as cognitive structures that organize thought and perception. Schemas are also viewed as having an integral influence on emotion and behavior. In this article, I examine the role of schema in family conflict and the specific interventions used in restructuring them during the course of family therapy. Further discussion highlights the concepts of attributions, assumptions, and family standards, and the role they play in schemas, as well as the overall family dynamics. Finally, a series of steps are suggested for facilitating the process of schema analysis and thought restructuring during the process of family therapy.
OBSERVATIONAL CODING OF RELATIONSHIP‐SCHEMATIC PROCESSING
Authors: Sullivan Laura J. , Baucom Donald H.
Published: May 2007

In this article, we introduce the construct Relationship‐Schematic Processing (RSP), which is defined as the degree to which individuals process information in terms of their romantic relationship. We also present an observational coding system that was developed to assess the behavioral manifestations of RSP. The coding system was applied to videotaped problem‐solving interactions completed by 55 maritally distressed couples. Findings indicated that wives engaged in more frequent and higher quality RSP than husbands did. Husbands reported greater relationship satisfaction when wives engaged in more frequent and higher quality RSP; wives reported greater satisfaction when husbands engaged in higher quality relationship processing. In addition, we assessed convergent validity with other measures of marital functioning.
INTEGRATING RESEARCH AND CLINICAL TRAINING IN MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPY TRAINING PROGRAMS
Authors: Hodgson Jennifer L. , Johnson Lee N. , Ketring Scott A. , Wampler Richard S. , Lamson Angela L.
Published: May 2007

The future of the profession and practice of marriage and family therapy (MFT) rests with those who promote the integration of research and clinical practice. The Boulder scientist–practitioner model is useful in conceptualizing MFT training, but it is not the perfect solution. Four MFT programs (two master's and two doctoral) are featured in this article for their work in integrating research and practice. Helpful strategies presented include: Encouraging students to question the therapy process; integrating research in the curriculum and supervision; discussing the positives and negatives of empirically supported treatments; focusing on change; and developing creative classroom experiences to use within the scientist–practitioner model.
INITIAL LEVELS OF DIFFERENTIATION AND REDUCTION IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS FOR CLIENTS IN MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPY
Authors: Bartle‐Haring Suzanne , Glade Aaron C. , Vira Rohini
Published: May 2007

Using Bowen Family Systems Theory as a theoretical underpinning, in this study, we investigated the hypothesis that clients with higher levels of differentiation would improve more quickly in therapy than clients with lower levels of differentiation. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to analyze the data over nine sessions of therapy in a sample from an on‐campus training clinic. The results suggest that there was variation in the initial levels of psychological symptoms and that differentiation was a significant predictor of this variance. The results also suggest that although psychological symptoms decreased over the nine sessions of therapy, there was very little variance in this change. These results are discussed in relation to Bowen Theory. The difficulties of doing this type of research and the lessons learned from this project are also discussed.
TEXTUAL REPRESENTATION OF DIVERSITY IN COAMFTE ACCREDITED DOCTORAL PROGRAMS
Authors: Lawless John J. , Brooks Stephanie , Julye Stacey
Published: May 2007

The use of the Internet is growing at a staggering pace. One significant use of the Internet is for potential students and the parents of potential students to explore educational possibilities. Along these lines potential marriage and family therapy students may have many questions that include a program's commitment to cultural diversity. This study utilized qualitative content analysis methodology in combination with critical race theory to examine how Commission On Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE) accredited doctoral programs represented cultural text on their World Wide Web pages. Findings indicate that many COAMFTE‐accredited doctoral programs re‐present programmatic information about diversity that appear to be incongruent with cultural sensitivity. These apparent incongruities are highlighted by the codification, inconsistent, and isolated use of cultural text. In addition, cultural text related to social justice was absent. Implications and suggestions are discussed.
PANNING FOR GOLD: A CLINICIAN's GUIDE TO USING RESEARCH
Authors: Williams Lee M. , Patterson Jo Ellen , Miller Richard B.
Published: May 2007

The gap between research and clinical practice is one of the key challenges facing family therapy. Clinicians often fail to incorporate research findings into their practice because they do not know how to search, evaluate, or apply research to their clinical work. The purpose of this article is to help clinicians become better consumers of research. This article explores the potential value of research to clinicians, as well as negative beliefs that clinicians may have about research. The article also describes how clinicians can use research to inform their clinical work, as well as potential challenges that can be encountered.
MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPIST INTERNs' EXPERIENCES OF GROWTH
Authors: Paris Eleni , Linville Deanna , Rosen Karen
Published: May 2007

Few studies have investigated therapist interns' growth experiences, both personal and professional, and the interplay between them. This qualitative study explored the reciprocal process of growth during clinical training: the personal life experiences that affect professional growth and the professional/clinical experiences that affect personal growth. Thirteen marriage and family therapist interns, using Internet discussion formats, identified numerous personal, clinical, and professional growth experiences. Implications of this study, illustrating the recursive and interactive flow between therapists' personal and professional growth, are presented.

Helping is about human growth, personal responsibility, learning, and skills. All these things do make a difference to the helpee and to the helper; they make a difference to all people! (Carkhuff & Berenson, 1977, p. 237)
PRACTICING AS A POSTMODERN SUPERVISOR
Authors: Ungar Michael
Published: May 2007

In this article, aspects of postmodern supervision are explored that highlight the blurring of boundaries that occurs between the multiple roles performed by supervisors. An approach to supervision is detailed that shows how a supervisor who navigates between roles can assist supervisees in constructing identities congruent with the stories they tell about themselves as successful therapists. Six of the many possible roles that supervisors play are illustrated through dialogue taken from a group supervision session. In the last part of this article, concepts that inform a postmodern approach to supervision, borrowed from the literature on narrative and constructionist therapy, are discussed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPISTS AND COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE APPROACHES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Becvar Dorothy S. , Caldwell Karen L. , Winek Jon L.
Published: May 2007

In this article, we delineate the qualitative phase of a mixed‐method research study focused on understanding the relationship between Clinical Members of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) and complementary alternative medicine (CAM). Based on an analysis of the data derived from telephone interviews with 54 respondents, we describe four themes: definitional issues, depth of awareness of CAM, fit with MFT, and ethical considerations. Our discussion focuses on the findings of this phase, considerations from the quantitative phase, and ref lections on the research study as a whole. While acknowledging the limitations of the study, we conclude that the growing awareness of and involvement with CAM approaches and practitioners among MFTs suggest a need for further education for both professionals and clients. We also note the importance of additional research support for the use of CAM practices.
REVIEWS
Authors: Nixon Debra , Carolan Marsha T. , George Sally St. , Wulff Dan
Published: May 2007

Anderson, S., & Middleton, V. (2005). Explorations in privilege, oppression, and diversity.

Catherall, D. R., (Ed.). (2004). Handbook of stress, trauma and the family.

Sprenkle, D. H., & Piercy, F. P. (Eds.). (2005). Research methods in family therapy
PREDICTORS OF SUBSTANCE USE AND FAMILY THERAPY OUTCOME AMONG PHYSICALLY AND SEXUALLY ABUSED RUNAWAY ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Slesnick Natasha , Bartle‐Haring Suzanne , Gangamma Rashmi
Published: May 2007

There is a dearth of research that examines the impact of family systems therapy on problems among sexually and/or physically abused youth. Given this void, differential outcome and predictors of substance use change were evaluated for abused, as compared with nonabused, runaway adolescents who were randomly assigned to family therapy or treatment as usual. Abused adolescents reported lower family cohesion at baseline, although both abused and nonabused adolescents showed similar substance use reductions. Utilizing hierarchical linear modeling, we found that substance use changed with change in cohesion over time. These findings link change in family functioning to change in adolescent substance use, supporting family systems theory. Findings suggest that a potent target of intervention involves focus on increasing positive communication interactions.
PARTNER AGGRESSION SEVERITY AS A RISK MARKER FOR MALE AND FEMALE VIOLENCE RECIDIVISM
Authors: Woodin Erica M. , O'Leary K. Daniel
Published: May 2007

Pretreatment aggression severity was examined as a risk marker for recidivism in the treatment of partner aggression. Intact married couples experiencing husband‐to‐wife partner aggression were recruited from the community and participated in either conjoint group treatment or gender‐specific group treatment. Elevated levels of husband and wife physical aggression and wife psychological aggression before treatment predicted the continuation and severity of physical aggression by both spouses during treatment and in the following year, with no significant differences across treatment formats. These results indicate that high levels of psychological and physical aggression signify a poor prognosis for both conjoint and gender‐specific group treatment programs, suggesting the need for interventions of greater intensity, duration, and/or focus for individuals highest in psychological and physical aggression.
SEXUAL ADDICTION AND MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPY: FACILITATING INDIVIDUAL AND RELATIONSHIP HEALING THROUGH COUPLE THERAPY
Authors: Bird Mark H.
Published: May 2007

In recent decades there has been an increase in literature regarding sexual addiction as well as a growing number of clients presenting in therapy with problems related to their sexual behaviors (including internet sexual addiction). This article (a) presents a synthesis of the research on the impact of sexual addiction on the addict, the partner, and the couple; (b) outlines the process of healing for each based on the research synthesis; and (c) discusses the role of marriage and family therapy in facilitating both individual and relationship healing from sexual addiction. Implications for future research in sexual addiction, generally, and in marriage and family therapy, specifically, are presented.
REVIEWS
Authors: Habben Christopher M. , Greenlee Doug , Blume Thomas , Mineo Janet , Miller John K.
Published: May 2007

Spring, J. A. (2004). How can I forgive you: The courage to forgive, the freedom not to.

Germer, C. K., Siegel, R., & Fulton, P. (Ed.). (2005). Mindfulness and psychotherapy.

Atkinson, B. J. (2005). Emotional intelligence in couples therapy: Advances from neurobiology and the science of intimate relationships.

Guterman, J. T. (2006). Mastering the art of solution‐focused counseling.

Harris, S., Ivey, D., & Bean, R. (2005). A practice that works: Strategies to complement your stand alone therapy practice.
FLUORIDES IN COMMUNITY PROGRAMS; RESULTS FROM A FLUORIDE GEL APPLIED TOPICALLY*
Authors: Szwejda Louis F. , Tossy Chester V. , Below Dorothy M.
Published: May 2007

This investigation did not demonstrate the usefulness of an attractive commercial preparation.
A LOOK AT DENTAL TREATMENT FOR THE CHRONICALLY ILL AND AGED*
Authors: Henry Joseph L. , Sheldon Marvin P.
Published: May 2007

Adequate care for the oral health of the aged and chronically ill population appears to be largely a matter of professional attitude.
CONTINUING ROLE OF THE INDIANA STATE DENTAL ASSOCIATION IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF DENTAL PROGRAMS IN STATE INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Mercer Victor H. , Gish Charles W.
Published: May 2007

The knotty problem of improved institutional dental services appears to have been solved in Indiana.
THE PERIODONTAL CONDITION OF INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN; IMPROVEMENT THROUGH ORAL HYGIENE*
Authors: Goyings Edward D. , Riekse Dick M.
Published: May 2007

If time and expense can be managed, the periodontal condition of mongoloid children can be improved.
SOME CHANGES REQUIRED TO INCREASE THE PUBLIC'S UTILIZATION OF PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY*
Authors: Kegeles S. Stephen
Published: May 2007

If you want to get your inherited beliefs questioned, you are dared to read this paper.
DENTAL RADIOGRAPHS FOR THE HOMEBOUND
Authors: Waldman H. Barry
Published: May 2007

Fims exposed and radiographs developed in a home no longer are impossibilities in Cleveland.
THE INTRAPROFESSIONAL IMAGE OF DENTISTRY*
Authors: Counsell Lee A.
Published: May 2007

Those, who are interested in the guiding philosophy of the profession, will get excited about Dr. Counsell's analysis of its professional image.
REASONS FOR DISCREPANCIES IN REPORTS OF THE AMOUNT OF FLUORIDE PRESENT IN A SOURCE OF WATER*
Authors: Douglas Bruce L. , Greene Howard J.
Published: May 2007

Perhaps one should ask “When are PPM truly PPM?”
A DENTAL MISSION IN TAIWAN*
Authors: Bagramian Robert A.
Published: May 2007

The story of this mission to Taiwan by a public health dentist makes stimulating reading.
THE PROBLEMS OF ORAL HEALTH IN LATIN AMERICA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DENTAL EDUCATION*
Authors: S. Raymond Pauly
Published: May 2007

The Latin American countries have been learning about dental auxiliaries.
INTERACTION OF DENTAL STUDENTS WITH THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS PROVIDED BY PREVENTIVE AND COMMUNITY DENTISTRY; REALISM AND REASONABLENESS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION*
Authors: Petterson Elof O. , Shea Nancy
Published: May 2007

Dr. Petterson presents herewith the second paper in his study of the teaching of preventive and community dentistry in the United States.
BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DISADVANTAGED ADULT PATIENTS
Authors: Legler Donald W. , Mayhall Clyde W. , Bradley Edwin L.
Published: May 2007

Dr. Legler and his group have planned and carried out an excellent investigation to determine those persons in a low socioeconomic population who will be susceptible to the teaching of preventive methods in dental care.
THE UTILIZATION OF MOUTH‐PROTECTORS BY FRESHMAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Godwin William C. , Bagramian Robert A. , Robinson Emerson
Published: May 2007

The writers of this report question the conclusion that oral injuries now have been eliminated for players on football teams.