bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of land management information system model (SILAHAN) on plot scale, case study in Citaman, Nagreg, West Java
Authors: Ariani R , Rachman A , Dariah A , Yustika R D , Marwanto S
Published: December 2019

Upland has potential uses for agriculture practices in indonesia. However there are some problems to manage, one of them is many existing upland in sloping areas and high risk to erosion and runoff. Indonesian Soil Research Institute developed a recommendation model for the land management information system (SILAHAN) based on the study of criteria for soil conservation indicators with calculation of erosion hazard index and surface runoff. The aim of this study was to validation SILAHAN prediction models from surface runoff aspects on a plot scale as the basis for formulating recommendations for the most complex land management technology. Validation of the prediction results of surface runoff in SILAHAN model is done by comparing surface runoff results of real measurements in field with the results of predicted by SILAHAN with three simulation. The results of statistical tests with r pearson correlation coefficient is 0,31, 0,31, and 0,32, PBias is -90,6, -86,6 and -83,5, and NSE is -0,76, -0,68, and -0,63. The results of the prediction of plot scale surface runoff in the SILAHAN model were not same as the measurements result on the field observations. it is suggested to determine the correction factors and development capabilities of the SILAHAN model to assess the effectiveness of a land management system in reducing the amount of surface runoff.
Mineralogy and micromorphology of soil from gneissic rock in East Luwu, South Sulawesi
Authors: Ahmad A , Lopulisa C , Imran A M , Baja S
Published: December 2019

Different type of rock, climate, and topography will produce specific mineralogical and micromorphological characteristic in soils. There were still a few research related to the influenced of several types of rocks to soil mineralogy and micromorphology, especially from metamorphic rocks. The objective of this research was to examine the characteristics of mineralogical and micromorphological of soil formed from gneissic rock in East Luwu, South Sulawesi. The observation of soil profiles were carried out in four profiles. The mineralogical analysis was carried out by X-ray diffractometer, and micromorphologogical analysis was carried out by using the thin section. Gneissic rock consisted of quartz-gneiss and muscovite-quartz gneiss. Minerals in the soil had mesomorphous alteration stage with class of alteration of 2nd and 3rd that had been altering in 25-75%. The minerals were quartz, goethite, muscovite, gibbsite, hematite, boehmite, and ilmenite. Alteration mineral formed sesquioxide horizon in soil. The high intensity of weathering of gneissic rock was influenced by the high intensity of rainfall, reached 3389mm/year. Nodules as the weathering product dominated in typic soil type. The c/f related distribution was enaulic, related distribution was porphyric and b-fabrics were granostriated and stippled speckeld. High content of oxide mineral with stippled speckeld b-fabric showed the advanced stage of pedogenesis process from the gneissic rock.
Potential of mineral resources as an alternative raw material for K fertilizer
Authors: Hartatik W , Wibowo H , Anda M
Published: December 2019

Indonesia has potential mineral deposits of leucite, phlogopite, biotite, and trachyte which could be explored as an alternative raw material for K fertilizer. The objective of the study was to evaluate K content of various rocks that were potential to be used as an alternative source of K fertilizer. The study of K nutrient solubility from finely ground eight rock types was done using incubation experiment under laboratory conditions. Treatments included control, heating, alkali fussion, heating followed by humic substance addition, heating followed by manure compost, humic and compost without heating. After incubation for 6 months, solubility of potential K (25% HCl extract) and available K (2% citric acid extract) were determined. The results showed that K2O content of various rocks varied from 1.26 to 8.10% with the highest value of 8.10% shown by leucite-bearing rocks of Situbondo followed by 7.06% for leucite Pati, 6.50% for andesite Jepara, 5% for trachyte-andesite Barru, 4.58% for granite Sijunjung, 3.59% for andesite Lebak, 2.73% for liparite Gayo Luwes and 1.26% for schist and dolomite Sanggau. Alkali fusion treatment of leucite Situbondo and Pati increased K availability by 81 and 49%, respectively compared to a control at first month incubation. Humic substances and manure compost treatment did not have significant differences on potential and available K. The implication of the study is only two rocks (Situbondo and Pati) out of eight rocks are promising and potential to be used as an alternative source of K fertilizer.
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in biochar
Authors: Kurnia A , Harsanti E S , Sutriadi M T
Published: December 2019

In certain concentration PAHs has hazardous effect to the environment particularly human. PAHs have hazardous effect as carcinogen and in long period persistent in the environment. Incomplete burning of biomass in biochar production process can resulted PAHs. In agriculture, biochar functioned as soil conditioner to increase soil fertility. We have to make sure that production of biochar contains low PAHs. Our department was setting some standard methods as reference methods in Indonesia for determination of PAHs, and involved in environment research, which was very important for Indonesia. Since the most of determination of PAHs used special commercial PAHs column that was expensive, our experiment carried out the determination of PAHs in biochar using HPLC and GC/MS with common column for various analyte of C18 for HPLC and (5%-Phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane for GC/MS. Furthermore in this experiment, we were used diode aray detector and fluoresence detector in HPLC. The result showed that both HPLC and GC/MS can be used to determine PAHs only by using common column. Biochar that we produced contain 16 PAHs compound with concentration range from 0.07 to 9.36 μg/g while mean concentration of USEPA PAHs in reference biochar about 0.034 to 1.75 μg/g. Therefore, some PAHs compound were over the limit of USEPA standar in biochar
Carbon dioxide mitigation with tabat system on peatland
Authors: Nurzakiah S , Nurita  , Subagio H
Published: December 2019

Peatland conservation to maintain the natural condition is the best way to resolve carbon dioxide emission problem due to land use change; and to reduce fire in peatland. However, peatland conservation in extensive agricultural peatland is difficult to execute (or accomplish). Peatland can be productive for agriculture with the appropriate technology. Water management is required to regulate groundwater level which is suitable for plants and maintain soil moisture. Tabat is a water management system carried out with the installation of water-gate in the drainage channels to regulate groundwater level. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of tabat system in mitigating CO2 emissions. This research was conducted by survey method and then field sampling on rubber land use. The research carried out in two experimental units in the peatland; 1) the drainage channel is equipped with the water-gate/Tabat (RST), Tabat size adjusted to the channel dimensions, and 2) there are no water-gate on the drainage channel (RNT). The parameters of CO2 fluxes, groundwater levels, and water content were carried out from January to December 2015. The results showed that the water management of Tabat System reduced CO2 emissions by 23.6% and enable to prevent loss in water-holding ability of fibric peat by 13.9%. This indicates that water management Tabat System enable maintain peat moisture and as a CO2 mitigation.
Chili cultivation on tin mined land at Bangka Island: prospects and constraints
Authors: Subiksa IGM. , Suastika IW. , Sutono
Published: December 2019

Chili (Capsicum sp.) is one of most valuable crop in some part of Indonesia due to high price and profitability compared to another crop. However, growing chili needs high capital and special expertize due its growth requirements. All chili cultivar needs good drainage land and good soil nutrients status for their optimum growth. Meanwhile, tin mined land is very degraded land and the tailing dominated by quartz sand. Poor soil physical properties and poor nutrient status cause this land unsuitable for most crops including chili. However, high demand and high price, promises profitable chili cultivation on such land. Advanced technologies in fertilizer and water management have been assessed at Bukit Kijang Village, Bangka Island and showed very promising results for expansion. Amending soil with mixture of manure and biochar increased water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity and hence, increased yield. Although attained yield of chili was 5.7 t ha−1, which is about 23.7 % from the average of agronomic potential yield, the net profit ranged from IDR 51.8 to 92.9 million per year after taking into account the investment for fertigation installation. The main constraints identified included low water holding capacity due to sandy texture. However, this constraints could be solved by drip irrigation technique and fertigation system. Pest and diseases were another contraints that also contributed significantly to decreased chili yield.
Carbon emission and sequestration on tin mined land: A case study in Bangka Belitung Province
Authors: Haryati U , Dariah A
Published: December 2019

The research objective was to study emission rate and carbon sequestration in extin minimg land, with Bangka Belitung Province as the case site. Emission projections are carried out until 2040 based on historical emissions from 2000-2013. The results showed that in the period 2000 - 2013 there was an expansion of the tin mining area in the province covering an area of 22,642 ha, causing a decrease of 19,507,142 t of soil C stock and 10,056,896 t of plant C stock and emissions (sourced from plants only) of 36,908,808 t CO2 eq. There are two scenarios we propose here to reduce emissions: Scenario 1, avoid the opening of primary forest, primary and secondary swamp forests, and reclaim 80% of the tin mined land area by planting perennial crops such as plantation/estate crops or industrial forest. Scenario 2, equals Scenario 1 plus a reduction in the rate of secondary forest clearing for various uses by 50%. Scenario 1 will potentially able to reduce emissions by 8% and carbon sequestration by 8,000,000 t CO2 eq. and scenario 2 reduced emissions by 26.97% with carbon sequestration 32,500,000 t CO2 eq.
Anticipate of Climate Change Impacts In Rainfed Lowland Rice Through Applying Appropriate Technology
Authors: Wihardjaka A , Harsanti E S , Sutriadi M T
Published: December 2019

Rainfed lowland covers about 2.1 million ha in Indonesia that are generally distributed in Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara. Rainfed lowland ecosystems have great potentially to be more productive agriculture to avert possible food shortage. However, productivity of rainfed lowland rice is low due to low soil fertility, lack of water resources and its infrastructure, high weeds infestation, drought stress, and susceptible to climate change. The higher rainfed lowland rice yields can be attained by implementing appropriate crop and soil management technique. Incorporating 5 ton cattle manure per ha into soil significantly increased grain yield of DSR, also improve soil tillage and supply nutrients required by rice plants. The application of composted organic matter, slow release materials, and direct seeded system could reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and water harvesting could be used as adaptation of climate change. During the TPR and the upland crops, the crops often suffer from severe drought, resulting in drastic yield reduction. One of the alternatives to solve drought stress is to collect excess water during the water surplus rainy season in on-farm reservoirs (OFR) and use the water for the dry season crops.
Enhanced seedling germination and growth of sorghum through pre-sowing seed magnetic field treatment
Authors: Nurbaity A , Nuraini A , Agustine E , Solihin M A , Setiawan A , Mbusango A
Published: December 2019

One of the emerging topics in agriculture is application of biophysical method such as the use of magnetic field (MF) to treat seeds for improved plants production. An experiment has been carried out to determine the effect of MF exposure on sorghum seeds and its subsequent growth in soil. The treatments were different strength of MF (control, 1 mT, 6 mT) and exposure duration (5, 10, 15 min). The magnetically treated seeds showed higher seed germination percentage, vigour index, seed germination index, seedling growth, plant growth and chlorophyll content compared to non-magnetically treated seeds. The best duration of MF exposure was 15 minutes, either at MF strength 1 mT or 6 mT. It is suggested that pre-sowing MF treatment has the potential to improve crop productivity through the enhancement of germination, seedling emergence, and growth of plants.
Application ALOS Palsar Mosaic 25 m and legacy data for determine tidal swampland and back swampland
Authors: Cahyana D , Khairullah I , Anwar K , Karolinoerita V , Mawardi  , Sulaeman Y , Tateishi R
Published: December 2019

An up to date swampland spatial data in tropic area such as Indonesia based on remote sensing data is important needed for estimating the recent change, especially for agriculture activities. The big problem to acquire remote sensing data in tropic area is cloud cover in almost entire areas. In this study, a base map of swampland map in South Kalimantan was developed using ALOS Palsar 25 m Mosaic data obtained in 2010 and legacy data. That remote sensing data are adequate to represent the area because was produced by active remote sensing that able to through cloud cover in tropic area. For this purpose, the datasets was segmented by region growing algorithm and then random forest classification method were developed using training data to determine swampland and no swampland area. Afterward the legacy data from prior research that is mathematic equation calculated and applied to determine tidal swampland and back swampland. The visual comparison result showed there are 3 types backscatter combination HH and HV, 30:70; 40:60; and 50:50 that the best combination is 50:50 with overall accuracy 85,25%. Using that combination the area of swampland that suitable for agriculture activities in South Kalimantan is 669,185.37 ha that tidal swampland around 45% and back swampland around 55%.
Growth Response and Yield of Saline Tolerant Rice Varieties to Bio-fertilizer Application at Central Java North Coastal Saline Paddy Field
Authors: Purwanto Suprayogi , Salsabila Jinan
Published: December 2019

Extension of rice production to coastal area of some islands in Indonesia is subjectd to problems that include: high salinity, poor soil fertility and limited number of available saline tolerant varieties. A field experiment was carried out to study the growth response and yield of several saline tolerant rice varieties to bio-fertilizer application at northern coastal area paddy field of Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia. Four rice varieties that consisted of saline tolerant varieties Inpari Unsoed 79 Agritan, Inpari 34 Salin, and Banyuasin, and one saline intolerant variety Ciherang, were grown and treated with foliar application of commercial bio-fertilizers Bio-P60, Herbafarm and Biofarm which are known to contain active microorganisms. These rice varieties and bio-fertilizers were arranged in Randomized Complete Blocked Design with three replicates. Rice crop management were carried out following recommendation of locale rice management practice. The results demonstrated that BioP60 and Biofarm have greater effect on leaf chlorophyll content as compared to Herbafarm. The lowest percentage of empty grains per panicle was found on Biofarm application (19.6%). No significant diference was observed on the effect of bio-fertilizers on other growth variables and yield. Growth performance and yield variation were observed among the four rice varieties when grown on saline paddy field (EC of 0.65 dS/m, 6.7 pH, 5.37 cmol/kg exchangeable-Na). Ciherang and Inpari Unsoed 79 Agritan demonstrated greater grain weight per effective plot and greater grain weight per hectare. No interaction effect between bio-fertilizer application and varieties was observed on all growth variables and yield of the rice.
Analysis of Stomata, Chloroplast, and Chromosome of Local Mandarin Citrus (Citrus reticulata) Plants Grown from Endosperm Culture
Authors: Kosmiatin Mia , Martasari Chaireni , Amelia Kurniawati Frizky , Gandhi Ningrum Prasetia Rinanda , Sari Dewi Prita
Published: December 2019

This research aimed to identify accessions of jeruk keprok Garut plants (Citrus reticulata) grown from endosperm culture with stomata analysis, chloroplasts analysis, and chromosome analysis. This research was conducted at the Plant Breeding Laboratory of Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (ICSFRI), Malang. This research used seven accessions of jeruk keprok Garut (local mandarin citrus) from endosperm culture and mother plant of Garut mandarin. Data analysis was carried out with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) application Application 22.0. The alignment analysis showed that all one accession (GT 224) out of seven accessions of Garut mandarin grown from the endosperm cultures is consistent with the mother plant according to chromosome number observation, stomata number observation, and chloroplast number observation.
Nutrient Concentration and Population of Macrozoobenthos in Ciletuh Bay, Sukabumi District, West Java
Authors: Suhanda Delilla , Yuniarti MS , Nurul Ihsan Yudi , Harahap Syawaludin A.
Published: December 2019

Relationship between nutrient concentration and macrozoobenthos can indicate the level of fertility or pollution in the sea waters. The purpose of this research is to obtain nutrient concentrations in pore water, macrozoobenthos community structures, and the relationship between nutrient concentration and macrozoobenthos in pore water Ciletuh Bay. The research are using survey, purposive sampling and descriptive analysis method. The parameters observed in this research are nutrients including ammonia, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, total N, and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Analysis of population macrozoobenthos was determined by knowing abundance index and dominance index. From the results of the study, it has been found that two types of macrozoobenthos is Donax sp. and Nassarius sp which lived immersed, and its dominance influenced by sand sediment fraction. The higher concentration ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, N-total, and TOC which is 0.028, 0.708, 1.663, 0.075, 3.066 and 1.4 mgL−1. The factor that most influences the presence of macrozoobenthos is the type of sediment and the closest concentration of nutrient is phosphate.
DNA Barcoding for mangrove identification
Authors: Taufan Harisam R. , Sahri Siregar Asrul , Arie Prayogo Norman , Sukardi Purnama , The Hung Nguyen
Published: December 2019

Mangroves are distributed in the transition zone between sea and land, mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. They provide important ecosystem services and are therefore economically valuable. Mangrove species identification using traditional taxonomical methods is often burdened with taxonomic controversies. DNA barcoding provides a useful tool for species identification and phylogenetic reconstruction. rbcL and matK are short and unique DNA sequences, and also provide good identification for magrove. This critical review highlights the development of the use of molecular applications that is DNA Barcoding. We focus on observing the development of the use of DNA barcoding in the world, especially on mangroves. Our observations are limited to the use of rbcl and matk markers in some mangrove species in the world. In conjugation with newer and faster techniques such as high-throughout sequencing, rbcL and matK marker can serve as an effective modern tool in mangrove identification.
Genetic Similarity of Local Mandarin Accessions (Citrus reticulata) Resulted from Endosperm Culture According to ISSR and Microsatelite Markers
Authors: Kosmiatin Mia , Martasari Chaireni , Gandhi Ningrum Prasetia Rinanda , Amelia Kurniawati Frizky , Sari Dewi Prita
Published: December 2019

Citrus is the third most important fruit commodity in Indonesia, especially seedless citrus. One technique to get seedless citrus is by endosperm culture possessing triploidy sets of the chromosome. Plants that have triploidy sets of the chromosome will usually become sterile or seedless plants. This research aimed to 1) compare ratio of the length and width of the leaves between three types of local mandarin (Citrus reticulata) as mother plants and mandarin accessions grown from endosperm cultures, 2) identify mother plant and mandarin accessions from endosperm cultures with Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers and 3) identify mother plant and mandarin accessions from endosperm cultures with Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. The research was conducted at Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (ICSFRI) Batu started from October 2018 until January 2019. The plants used in the study were Garut mandarin and seven accessions grown from endosperm cultures. Identification of plants with morphological markers has several disadvantages due to environmental factors. Identification with molecular markers is needed to complete the morphological information obtained. SSR markers are more suitable to be used in this study compared to ISSR markers because the results are in accordance with the objectives of this study, which is not expected to have high genetic variation. Identification with SSR molecular markers is more suitable because it showed low genetic diversity or no genetic diversity between mother plants and plants endosperm cultures when compared to ISSR markers. The desired change in the plants produced by endosperm cultures is only in ploidy properties.
Identification of the El Niño Effect on Lake Toba’s Water Level Variation
Authors: Irwandi Hendri , Syamsu Rosid M. , Mart Terry
Published: December 2019

Lake Toba is located in the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia which is the largest lake in southeast Asia and is the largest volcanic-type lake in the world. The lake’s countenance level is decreased and this can have a negative impact on utilization of power plants and agricultural irrigation. This study will see whether the water level is decreased due to the influence of El Niño activity. The methods used are statistical and descriptive analysis. The data used is the water level of Lake Toba in period of 1957-2016, precipitation data uses NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) data with a resolution of 0.50° × 0.50° from January 1957 to December 2013 (56 years) to analyze rainfall anomalies. El Niño’s activities have an effect on Lake Toba water level, where the moderate El Niño > 12 months duration resulted in a reduction of 1.5-2 m, while the strong El Niño with a duration of > 10 months resulted in a decline of 2-2.5 m.
PRODUCTION RISK OF PEANUT FARMING IN DRY LANDSECOND PATTERN AFTER CORN WITH BIOCHARON BLITAR DISTRICT, INDONESIA
Authors: Asnah  , Masyhuri  , Handoyo Mulyo Jangkung
Published: December 2019

The reduction in land due to the transfer of functions from agriculture to non-agriculture, requires stakeholders to intensify the management of dry land and infertile land which was not originally a priority. Therefore, every opportunity for adaptive technology development needs to be utilized as well as possible to encourage increased productivity. This study aims to determine the impact of the use of biochar used in the first cropping maize farming on production and risk of production of the second cropping peanut farming in dry land. The study uses a basic survey method, by determining the location by purposife. The number of samples was 150 people determined by the proportional random sampling method. The data analysis method uses the production function model and the production risk function using the Cobb-Douglass ordinary least square (OLS) method. The results found that the use of biochar in the first cropping maize farming had an impact on the production and risk of the second cropping pattern of peanut production. As a comparison, the factors of production in peanut farming which previously had the effect of reducing production; in the second cropping pattern after maize had an effect on increasing production and reducing production risks include seeds, phosphor fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, pesticide, and labor in the family. Only workers outside the family have the effect of reducing production and increasing risk.
Spatial distribution of soil water content in potato horizontal-ridge profile under various ridge dimensions
Authors: Wijaya Krissandi , Hari Kuncoro Purwoko , Ardiansyah  , Arsil Poppy , Ary ani Hilda
Published: December 2019

Vertical (slopping)-ridge is generally applied to cultivate potato crop in tropical highland area with intensive use of non-organic fertilizer, by which the soil erosion as well as environmental degradation might be significantly accelerated. On the other hand, horizontal (contour)-ridge has been very effective to reduce the soil erosion in potato cropping field, but yet slightly ineffective to support the optimal crop production, due to the waterlogging in the ridge profile. Dimension of the horizontal-ridge is expected to affect water distribution as well as the waterlogged condition, on which a specific study need to be focused, in order to develop an appropriate drainage system on the ridge. This study was aimed to characterize the spatial distribution of soil water in the horizontal-ridge profile under various ridge dimensions. Totally 9-potato-plots of 300 x 300 cm2 with 5% slope were prepared in Serang village, Purbalingga with various dimensions and replications of the horizontal ridges: 30 x 30 x 30 cm3 (G30), 30 x 40 x 30 cm3 (G40), and 30 x 50 x 30 cm3 (G50). Of each plot, the dielectrically (volumetric)-water content of the horizontal-ridge soil within the grid of 80 x 80 cm2 at the depth of 5, 10, and 20 cm were measured every months using EC5 moisture sensors and EM50 data logger, and then averaged. Based on the given grid, the data were plotted in contour pattern and were then analysed using semivariogram (Gstat and GNUplot) to characterize the spatial distribution and variability, respectively. The results showed that the spatial distribution of dielectrically (volumetric)-water contents tended to be inter-correlated within each ridge dimension, and the data were increased with soil depth and ridge dimension increment. Accordingly, the data were spatially-correlated with sill (C, semivariance) ranged from 0.00084-0.00429 cm3 cm−3 and range of influence (a) ranged from 0.624 - 2.809 m, in which the G50 had most representative and stable trend of the spatial variability (C and a values) among others.
THE EFFECT OF CHANGE IN WATER LEVEL ON THE ABUNDANCE OF LIPTINITE AND VITRINITE MACERALS IN UPPER KELESA FORMATION SHALE IN KUBURAN PANJANG, RIAU
Authors: Heri Hermiyanto Zajuli M. , Ramli Taufik
Published: December 2019

Research on changes in water levels to the abundance of liptnite and vitrinite maceral has focused on Kuburan Panjang area of the Sumai sub-Basin, Central Sumatra Basin. The subject of this research is shale rock from the Eocene-Oligocene Kelesa Formation. Series of rocks from bottom to top shows repetition between shale, sandstone and mudstone strata bounded by conglomerates at the top and bottom. The composition of organic material consists of vitrinite ranging from 0.20 - 5.0%, liptinite 0.60 - 4.70%, pyrite 0.20 - 16.00%, carbonate maceral 0.20 - 24.2%, and clay mineral which is the most dominant component, ranging from 71.60 - 98.00%. Based on the results of TOC analysis, the abundant organic material of the Kelesa Formation shale has a TOC value of 1.18% to 7.17% indicating the ability of shale as a source rock is very good. The presence of organic material in the study area shows that there is a cycle of enrichment of organic material from bottom to top. The smaller the ratio of pristane/phytane (anoxic condition, high water level), the smaller the content of liptinite and the higher the content of vitrinite. Otherwise, the greater the ratio (oxic condition, low water level), the higher the content of liptinite and the lower the content of vitrinite. Change in water level during sedimentation has effect on the quality of shale as a source of unconventional hydrocarbon energy in the Kuburan Panjang area.
Analysis of Port Fare Increases On Container Yard Services Using Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Zuhri S , Sentia P D , Lubis N A , Permai S D
Published: December 2019

The port company used in this research is the only port where container ship contained in Aceh and has been operating for more than 1 year. The problem with this was the large buildup of containers with long periods of time in the cultivation field that would cause losses. Losses due to the duration of the buildup are influenced by several factors, such as the yard of ratio and the length of time the container is reviewed based on the large number of containers in the container yard. For payment of the first five days of service, the container accumulation fare shall be borne by container owner company as stakeholder of port company. After more than five days, the customer will be charged the container accumulation rate calculated per box without any time consideration. This causes the customers don’t take the goods immediately, therefore it was necessary to do research on the analysis of port fare increase in port company in Aceh using logistic regression model as the basic of decision making. Based on the prediction of logistic regression model using software R3.4.3, there was a loss cost in the container yard, therefore it was necessary to take decision of the application of the port fare increase on container yard service. Based on the results of these predictions, the resulting model was a good model with an accuracy of 74.8%. The factor that affect of the loss cost was the length of time the container in the container yard period II and III.
The reduction of waste on pile production process using value stream analysis tool (VALSAT) method
Authors: Septiani M.F. , Qurtubi  , Helia V.N.
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses about the reduction of waste on the pile production process in PT. XYZ, a company that run its business in the field of engineering, production installation (EPI) of a concrete industry. The methods of data collection are observation and interview. The analysis that will be employed is Value Stream Analysis Tool (VALSAT). Based on the value stream mapping, it is identified that the cycle time data for product’s manufacturing is 5.847 seconds with lead time of 1.380 seconds. Based on the result of observation and interview, it is identified that the biggest waste is resulted from the waste of excessive transportation. The movement process is executed on the same workstation and among workstations. While, the result of process activity mapping indicates that 27,6% of all activities are included in transportation activities. By conducting the mapping using fishbone diagram, later could be identified the factors that influence waste, in which, from human resource perspectives, it is caused by the less-evenly workers distribution at line 2 on pile production, unbalance production process that causes idle time or idled operators, the lack of understanding and workers’ skill on machine utilization as well in handling the problems. In the perspective of method, the issue lies on layout factors and 5S system that runs inappropriately at line two. In terms of machine, it is stressed on the lack of numbers of tools or machines as well as the less upgraded machines. From the perspective of environment, rain definitely could affect the condensation maintaining process and evaporation.
Identify Key Success Factors Using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) : A Case Study in Small and Medium Enterprise in Indonesia
Authors: Kusrini E , Safitri W , Helia V N
Published: December 2019

Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have a very significant role in the economy of the community. The large number of SMEs on the same field causes high competition to survive in market. A lot of literature empirically discuss the success factors of SMEs in Indonesia, but there are still few which carry out further research by structuring a model of interconnectedness between these elements to find out the key factors. This study aims to determine the key factors by classifying and structurally modelling the factors based on the level of the affecting elements of an SME’s success. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), which is an interactive learning process where a set of elements are structured into a comprehensive system model, is used as the approach. ISM helps in determining the sequence and purpose of complex relationships between elements in the system. This research found 24 success factors that divided into 13 levels and categorized into 4 sectors including autonomous, dependent, linkage, and independent sector. The sub-elements or key factors that influence the success of SMEs include (1) motivation and experience, (2) entrepreneurial spirit and leadership, (3) formal education level, and (4) technical guidance.
Professional Skills Requirement of Mechanical Engineers
Authors: Ismail W Omar Ali Saifuddin Wan , Hamzah Noraini , Fatah Ireana Yusra Abdul , Zaharim Azami
Published: December 2019

Professional Skills is the basic requirement that all engineers need to master in the current job market. This study was conducted throughout peninsular Malaysia using the Soft Skills Model introduced by the Ministry of Education (MoE). Among the objectives of this study is the level of requirement of the Soft Skills (SS) element to produce a competitive Mechanical Engineer and identify the most dominant Soft Skills needed in the current job market against Mechanical Engineers. The questionnaire distributed to respondents and data was analysed using XL-STAT 2014 software to obtain Discriminant Analysis (DA) to achieve the objective of the study. The overall percentage for (SS) elements is 91% respectively. This study will be a complementary set for the students of Mechanical Engineering in Malaysia. Mastering the features required by the industry makes it easy for students to put themselves in the real job world.
Simulated annealing algorithm for solving pickup and delivery problem with LIFO, time duration and limited vehicle number
Authors: Andriansyah A , Prasanti N , Sastra H Y
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, the process of delivering goods or documents from one place to another can be done faster by utilizing a courier service. This courier must be able to create a travel route to pick goods and deliver them with a short time. Route creation will be more difficult if there is a time window for each customer and the goods being transported are heavy or dangerous items. In this case, the courier company must implement a last-in-first-out rules. In addition, with the limitation of vehicles number, companies have to minimize the number of underserved customers. This problem called pickup and delivery problem with last-in-first-out, time duration, and limited vehicle number. In this study, to solve the problem, simulated annealing algorithm was used for some dataset. To explore the solution space for the problem, this algorithm will use pair relocation operator. In several experiments, the results show a good solution and short computation time.
The Development of Sustainable Product Design Method for Sustainable and Successful New Products
Authors: Alli H , Rashid M S S Mohd , Sulaiman R , Me R Che , Kamarudin K M
Published: December 2019

Currently, most of the product designers have insufficient source in integrating the potential meanings when they are developing a new product. Also, it has become extremely challenging in verifying the variables of a product that could lead towards sustainable and successful products in the market. The development of a new product is not only to cater to the users’ satisfactions, but additionally, it should attract more users. In this paper, the Sustainable Product Design Method (SPDM) is introduced as a process to identify and verify the variables of the users’ emotional responses and perceived product quality, and element of sustainability in the early stage of the design process. The SPDM is a design guideline attempt to establish the sustainable product requirements (SPR) towards the sustainable and successful products. To prove the practicability of this method, one of the successful products was chosen as a case study. It has been found that the method built is valuable in facilitating the product designers in the early stage of product design and development process. The validation signified from this process is not only contributed towards product sustainability but also increase on its success in the market.
UniSZA as the National Centre of Design for Disability in Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Marzuki , Ahmad Muhammad Sophist , Abdullah Imran , Omar Mohd Hisham , Ariff Ahmad Fairuz , Yusoff Sheikh Ahmad Tajuddin Sh.
Published: December 2019

This paper explains the initial steps of establishing the national centre of design for disabled people in Malaysia. As we all know, there is still no evidence of the existence of a creative centre for industrial product design in the country, especially for this special group. Through the initiative from the School of Industrial Design located in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), we take a commitment to channel societal significances through designing, developing and producing innovative product design for various categories of disabilities in this country, such as physically disability, mentally disability, vision impair, learning disability, speech disability and others. It will be done entirely in a centre known as National Centre of Design for Disability (CDD), which highlights the standards and quality of design, where the outcomes meet the satisfaction of the end users through its function, ergonomics, safety, comfort and aesthetics for them to not ashamed to join their routine activities in the open public environment. The CDD improves to enhance the existing equipment alongside providing advice and assistance for the state-of-the-art research outcomes.
Preliminary analysis of hybrid laminate composite for aircraft radome application
Authors: Haris M.Y. , Fernández-López A. , Aris K. D. Mohd , Muzafar Z. , Zuhudi N.Z.M. , Laila D. , Nurhafiza K.
Published: December 2019

The preliminary analysis of laminate composite was conducted to analyse the optimal number of layers for aircraft radome application. In this work, the ESAComp software was used for preliminary analysis to predict the displacement during the flight operation. The ESAComp is a finite element software used for preliminary and conceptual design for composite layers. Flax fibre, glass fibre and epoxy resin were applied as the hybrid composite laminate design. The laminate construction consists of flax as the center laminate and sandwiched between glass fibre. Both fibres have the same weave pattern which is twill 2/2 and 200 gsm. The material properties for each materials were obtained from technical data sheet and used as input value for ESAComp. This software was used to analyse a single ply engineering constant by conducting fibre/matrix micromechanics analysis. The value of engineering constant of single ply for each material is then used for laminate analysis. It has range from 4,6 and 8 layers with 20%, 30% and 40% of fibre content on a flat panel with the size of 300 mm x 300 mm. The panel were fixed on each edges and under aerodynamic pressure load plus safety factor of two. Based on the result of analysis, minimum layer required is at least 6 layers if acceptance displacement is 0.1 mm. Therefore, experimental works on 6 layers hybrid laminate will be carried out to determine other requirement for aircraft radome application.
Characterization of Banana peels waste adsorbent for preliminary study of methylene blue removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Zamri M Z A , Yahya N Y , Ramli R S , Ngadi N , Widia M
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution using adsorbent produced from Banana peels waste (BPW). Banana peels waste adsorbent (BPWA) was prepared via carbonization in laboratory muffle furnace for 1 h. A preliminary study was performed on the adsorption reaction by varying the initial concentration of MB, adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and temperature of the aqueous solution. Under the best conditions obtained, the maximum percentage removal of MB is approximately 99 %. The potential of BPWA as dyeing wastewater adsorbent was proven by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). From the results, the synthesized adsorbent shown a good percentage removal of MB. In addition, the optimum conditions for the adsorption study are 1 g of adsorbent in the 1 g L−1 of MB initial concentration, for 1 h at pH 8 in 65 °C. This study reveals potential of BPW in removal of MB dyes from aqueous solution however, further studies are required to establish the applicability of the synthesized adsorbent for the treatment of wastewater from textile industry.
Fabrication and characterization of ZrW2O8-Cf/E51 negative thermal expansion composite
Authors: Ju Luyan , Zhang Jianbing , Ma Yuqin , Xia Shengyong , Wei Wenlan , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2019

ZrW2O8-Cf/E51 composite with a negative Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) was fabricated by a method combining mechanical stirring with ultrasonic vibration, then microstructures and properties of the composites were analyzed and summarized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), DIL 402 C thermal expansion tester and electronic universal testing machine. The results showed that particles distribution defects and impregnation defects of carbon fibers would occur when the process parameters were not controlled properly. Long curing time and good fluidity of resin were beneficial for resin impregnating carbon fibers and bubbles overflow. However, for the ZrW2O8-Cf/E51 composites studied in this paper, long curing time and low viscosity could cause particle settling and accumulation. The experimental results confirmed that the CTE (about −0.52 × 10−6/°C) and tensile strength (about 440 MPa) of E51 resin were improved with the addition of carbon fibers and ZrW2O8 particles.
Photocatalytic performance of ZnO carbon composites for the degradation of methyl orange dye
Authors: Borade Prashant A , Suroshe Jagruti S , Bogale Kashinath , Garje Shivram S , Jejurikar Suhas M
Published: December 2019

High yield, low cost, environmentally friendly chemical bath synthesis process is used to produce submicron structures of ZnO and ZnO-carbon composites. Synthesis of ZnO rod structures (submicron sized) were confirmed using SEM images. To synthesis ZnO-carbon composites, well characterized carbon spheres produced using aerosol assisted CVD technique was used. Use of carbon spheres as a seed during synthesis of ZnO is observed to produce multipod structures of ZnO on to the surface of carbon spheres; the growth is explained by proposing suitable model. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra recorded for ZnO and ZnO-carbon composites synthesized show a systematic disappearance of a band-edge emission (sharp peak present at ∼380 nm observed for pure ZnO) with increased number of carbon spheres. Competent photo-catalytic activity of synthesized composite is confirmed by studying photo degradation investigation performed using a model dye molecule i.e. methyl orange. The work reveals possibility to use synthesized composites as a nontoxic and biocompatible catalyst for fragmentation of a methyl orange dye molecule. Photo-degradation mechanism of a methyl orange dye is proposed herewith considering the role of carbon spheres and ZnO in presence of UV photon.
Springback comparison between DP600 and DP800 steel grades
Authors: Almeida Christyane Oliveira Leão , Lima Luís Henrique Lopes , dos Santos Pereira Marcelo
Published: December 2019

A comparative study of the springback effect, otherwise known as elastic return, on Dual Phase DP600 and DP800 steel sheets is reported herein, which have been widely used in the automotive industry due to having good mechanical properties, such as high strength and ductility if compared to conventional steels. For such a purpose, it is proposed to analyze whether anisotropy and varying forming parameters interfere with the springback effect or not. The parameters selected to compare DP600 with DP800 dual phase steels were descending speed of 4 mm min−1 along the vertical axis of sheets until reaching internal bending angle of 30 degrees during bending tests at two rolling angles (0 and 90 degrees), thus forming a U-shaped steel sheet. In addition to bending tests, tensile tensting and Vickers microhardness tests have been performed at three rolling angles (0, 45 and 90 degrees). It was concluded that punching rate, internal bending angle, observation time and rolling angle exert an influence on the springback effect. Thereby, there is an important contribution to areas that require quality in formability, such as vehicle structure, which must have high impact strength and energy absorption. Steel sheets with increasingly smaller thicknesses are able to reduce density, product cost and greenhouse gases emissions from automobiles.
Emergency Arbitration: Mere Innovation or Vast Improvement
Authors: Alnaber Rania
Published: December 2019

Effectiveness of emergency arbitration is a disputable question, which was touched by several commentators since it was first introduced in 2006. Concerns have been raised in relation to the enforceability of emergency reliefs under the New York Convention and the risk of concurrent jurisdiction between emergency arbitrators and national courts in granting interim measures prior to the constitution of the arbitral tribunal. A more specific concern is related to the suitability of introducing this mechanism, to investment arbitration. This article argues that adopting an international instrument for enforcing emergency reliefs will be the best solution. As for investment arbitration, emergency arbitrators are no less important in this type of arbitration than in commercial arbitration. However, certain features of emergency arbitration shall be tailored to meet the distinct nature of investment cases. Although certain amendments are needed to enhance the effectiveness of this relatively new mechanism, the future of emergency arbitrator is still optimistic. Therefore, to avoid any duplication of fora, courts are expected to respect emergency arbitrator's jurisdiction and only intervene when the latter is not capable of granting a relief.