bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a Sustainable Urban Future: A Comprehensive Review of Urban Heat Island Research Technologies and Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Ghorbany Siavash , Hu Ming , Yao Siyuan , Wang Chaoli
Published: May 2024

The urban heat island (UHI) is a crucial factor in developing sustainable cities and societies. Appropriate data collection, analysis, and prediction are essential first steps in studying the effects of the UHI. This research systematically reviewed the papers related to the UHI that have used on-site data collection in the United States and Canada and the papers related to predicting and analyzing this effect in these regions. To achieve this goal, this study extracted 330 articles from Scopus and Web of Science and, after selecting the papers, reviewed 30 papers in detail from 1998 to 2023. The findings of this paper indicated a methodological shift from traditional sensors and data loggers towards more innovative and customized technologies. Concurrently, this research reveals a growing trend in using machine learning, moving from supportive to direct predictive roles and using techniques like neural networks and Bayesian networks. Despite the maturation of UHI research due to these developments, they also present challenges in technology complexity and data integration. The review emphasizes the need for future research to focus on accessible, accurate technologies. Moreover, interdisciplinary approaches are crucial for addressing UHI challenges in an era of climate change.
Selecting Building Façade Materials by Integrating Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment into Value Engineering
Authors: Naseer Abdullah N. , Al-Gahtani Khalid S. , Altuwaim Ayman A. , Alsanabani Naif M. , Almohsen Abdulmohsen S.
Published: May 2024

Building façades represent one of the most critical elements affecting a city’s quality of life, and they impact the country’s economic income by attracting visitors. However, performance data on façades are limited or incomplete, making it challenging for designers to evaluate their effectiveness in energy efficiency, thermal performance, durability, and other key performance metrics. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for evaluating and prioritizing material selection criteria in building cladding, establishing the relationship with available alternatives, and integrating decision-making processes with Building Information Modeling (BIM) to automate the Value Engineering (VE) concept. The material selection criteria from the literature and international standard manual were identified, and their criteria weight was then evaluated using SWARA (stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis). Additionally, WASPAS (weighted aggregated sum product assessment) was utilized to evaluate the alternative cladding materials based on the defined criteria and their associated quality weight (QW). The life cycle cost (LCC) of the alternatives was computed. The VE was computed and then ranked based on the QW and LCC of the alternatives. The procedure was connected to the BIM model to automate the assessment, specifying the necessary parameters and the BIM computation. A case study of an office building façade was conducted to validate the proposed framework. In this study, the significant criteria were durability, wind load resistance, and thermal insulation. This approach enables executives to evaluate cladding selection, ensuring efficient decision-making processes. The proposed method and its results were subjected to expert testing, and the satisfaction rate exceeded 80%, confirming the framework’s reliability in evaluating alternatives. This paper enhances the understanding of material selection methodologies and provides a valuable contribution to the field of construction management.
3D Printing with Bamboo: An Early-Stage Exploration towards Its Use in the Built Environment
Authors: Wong Jasmine , Aşut Serdar , Brancart Stijn
Published: May 2024

Along with the circular bioeconomy principles, alternative ways of utilizing biomass waste streams are considered viable approaches to reaching sustainability goals. Accordingly, a growing body of literature is exploring new materials utilizing biomass in 3D-printing applications. This article presents early-stage research that initially investigates the usability of bamboo fibers and dust with bio-based binders in 3D printing towards its use in the design and production of the built environments. The research delves into solutions through a material tinkering approach to develop a bio-based composite material that can be used in fused deposition modeling (FDM). It includes mechanical strength analyses of printed specimens to understand the effects of different infill designs on the structural performance of objects printed using bamboo-based composite. Then, it demonstrates a design-to-production workflow that integrates a mechanically informed infill pattern within a self-supporting wall design that can be produced by 3D printing with bamboo. The workflow is presented with a partial demonstrator produced through robotic 3D printing. The article concludes with discussions and recommendations for further research.
Applicability of the International Framework for Eco-Industrial Park in China—Survey and Analysis Based on 17 Case Parks in Jiangxi Province
Authors: Shao Yu , Liu Jingru , Hua Xiuzhi , Kularathne Chinthaka , Shi Lei
Published: May 2024

Eco-industrial parks, as complex ecosystems at the regional scale, involve multi-dimensional interactions in terms of management, environment, economy, and society in their development. Given their complexity, it is difficult for a single indicator to comprehensively assess their sustainable development status. To promote sustainability and inclusive development of industrial parks, the World Bank Group published “the International Framework for Eco-Industrial Park” as a green evaluation benchmark. This paper examines the applicability of this framework in Chinese industrial parks, focusing on 17 cases in Jiangxi Province supported by the China-Jiangxi Eco-Industrial Parks Project. This study analyzes the indicator composition of the international EIP framework and compares it with the standardization system of eco-industrial parks in China. Through questionnaire surveys and dialogue interviews, this paper analyzed the compliance, practicality, and necessity of implementing the international EIP framework. Quantitative assessment using the analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model revealed that the framework is well suited to Chinese conditions, scoring over 80, reaching the “applicability level”. This research provides a scientific basis for park management, advocating for international concepts in park development. It also underscores the importance of a comprehensive framework for park construction, intelligent management strategies, and enterprise empowerment, collectively contributing to sustainable park development and enhanced international competitiveness.
Experimental Research on Energy Evolution of Sandstone with Different Moisture Content under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Liu Yonghong , Zhao Fujun , Wu Qiuhong , Fan Baojie , Tang Zhenqi
Published: May 2024

In order to investigate the impact of moisture content on energy evolution, three types of rock samples with varying moisture contents were subjected to uniaxial compression tests. The study aimed to analyze the reasons behind the differences in energy during the deformation process of rocks with different moisture contents. The findings indicate that with increasing moisture content, the peak strength and elastic modulus of the samples decrease. However, the ratio of crack initiation strength σci to peak strength σf shows little effect, primarily because the characteristic strength ratio σci/σf is determined by external loads. The growth rate of elastic energy reaches its maximum value in the early stage of yield, while the proportion of elastic energy reaches its peak value in the later stage of yield. In the deformation and failure process of rocks with varying moisture contents, the increment in elastic performance is smallest in the initial compaction stage for saturated rocks, whereas it is the largest in the yield stage for dry rocks. Additionally, a damage evolution equation based on energy dissipation was established and validated.
Investigating Farmers’ Intentions to Reduce Water Waste through Water-Smart Farming Technologies
Authors: Erokhin Vasilii , Mouloudj Kamel , Bouarar Ahmed Chemseddine , Mouloudj Smail , Gao Tianming
Published: May 2024

The scarcity of water resources, climate change, and water-wasting behavior have contributed to a worsening water crisis in many countries. This has raised concerns among farmers and increased pressure on governments. Digital technologies provide effective solutions to reduce resource waste; therefore, exploring farmers’ willingness to implement water-smart farming technologies to reduce waste, especially in developing countries, requires further analysis. To address this gap, this paper aims to investigate the factors that influence farmers’ intention to minimize water waste in Algeria. The theory of planned behavior was extended with the constructs of perceived usefulness of water-smart farming and knowledge of water waste reduction. Primary data were collected from 202 farmers to test the model. The empirical evidence suggests that attitudes, knowledge about water waste reduction, perceived usefulness, and perceived behavioral control significantly predict farmers’ intention to reduce waste. These factors explained 54.6% of the variation in intention. However, social influence was not found to be a significant antecedent of intentions. This paper’s findings can provide useful insights for various stakeholders on how to encourage farmers to reduce water waste and offer guidance on strategies for achieving sustainability in agriculture.
Quantitative Contributions of Climate and Human Activities to Streamflow and Sediment Load in the Xiliugou Basin of China
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Zhang Zezhong , Wang Zipeng , Lai Hexin , Feng Kai , Qu Jihong , Hao Rong , Liu Yong , Zhang Dequan , Wang Fei
Published: May 2024

Investigating the influence of human activities and climate change on streamflow and sediment load is of great significance for understanding the hydrological cycle, addressing climate change, and ensuring sustainable water resource management. Based on observed data of precipitation, streamflow, and sediment load from 1990 to 2021 in the Xiliugou Basin, trend and abrupt change analyses of streamflow and sediment load were conducted using the coefficient of variation and Bayesian change point detection method. The effects of climate change and human activities on streamflow and sediment load were further examined through the double mass curve method, with a focus on the impact of land use changes on streamflow and sediment load dynamics. The results indicated that: (1) During the study period, there was a consistent decreasing trend in streamflow, sediment load, and precipitation, with respective rates of −77.76 × 104 m3/year, −55.97 × 104 Mt/year, and −0.84 mm/year. The distribution of annual streamflow and sediment load in the basin was uneven, with 61.05% of precipitation occurring during the wet season and the peak sediment discharge month being July, accounting for 58.90% of the total annual sediment load. (2) The variations in streamflow and sediment load in the Xiliugou Basin exhibited distinct stage characteristics, with abrupt changes occurring around 1997. Both streamflow and sediment load showed significant fluctuations from the reference period to the changing period, decreasing by 45.54% and 82.85%, respectively. (3) A positive correlation between precipitation and streamflow was observed in the Xiliugou Basin, with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.62 and 0.49, indicating a stimulating effect of precipitation on streamflow and sediment load. Human activities significantly reduced sediment load in the Xiliugou Basin from 1998 to 2021, contributing to a reduction of 115.08%. (4) An increase in cropland, water, and barren areas would lead to higher streamflow and sediment load, while an increase in grassland, forest, and impervious areas would decrease both streamflow and sediment load.
Sustainable Management in River Valleys, Promoting Water Retention—The Opinion of Residents of South-Eastern Poland
Authors: Kud Krzysztof , Badora Aleksandra , Woźniak Marian
Published: May 2024

Sustainable development is implemented not only at the global level, but primarily in local environments. Shaping the space of river valleys becomes particularly important in the face of climate change and growing water deficit. The article therefore addresses the issue of the social perception of water management in the context of climate change. The aim was to answer the questions: what is the social awareness of water management in the face of climate change, and what sustainable solutions are socially accepted? The research was carried out in the south-eastern part of Poland, in the Podkarpackie and Lublin voivodeships. The diagnostic survey method, an original survey form, and the CAWI technique were used. The study group analyzed the perception of global, negative megatrends, and challenges related to water retention in the context of climate change. The task was to identify respondents’ awareness of new sustainable management methods in river valleys. Due to the fact that the studied area is largely agricultural, differences in the perception of the studied items were sought, depending on the place of residence. It was assumed that inhabitants of rural areas have greater contact with nature, which may change their perception, and differences were looked for depending on the region of residence. Differences in the perceptions of the studied phenomena were also searched for, depending on the respondent’s sex. The calculations show that the place of residence (urban–rural) and the regions (Podkarpackie–Lublin voivodeships) do not differentiate the perceptions of most of the examined items. However, sex primarily affects the perception of global megatrends and the perception of climate change. The results indicate the respondents’ lack of awareness about natural forms of water retention. Respondents expected the implementation of outdated technical forms of flood protection. Expectations focused mainly on flood embankments and large dam reservoirs. There was strong belief among respondents regarding global megatrends and their impacts on social and economic life. A knowledge deficit was identified in relation to sustainable management methods in river valleys that favor water retention.
Climate Change and Cultural Heritage: A Global Mapping of the UNESCO Thematic Indicators in Conjunction with Advanced Technologies for Cultural Sustainability
Authors: Aboulnaga Mohsen , Abouaiana Ahmed , Puma Paola , Elsharkawy Maryam , Farid Mohamed , Gamal Sarah , Lucchi Elena
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the relationship between cultural heritage and climate change, assessing the global implementation of advanced technologies in line with UNESCO’s Thematic Indicators for Cultural Sustainability. Few studies have been conducted on this topic; hence, theoretical background examines the keywords related to cultural heritage preservation, conservation, restoration, climate change mitigation, and adaptation, as well as the intersection of culture and climate change. It also analyses the definitions provided by leading global organizations and explores the use of advanced technologies in protecting cultural heritage. The research methodology is based on an analytical method consisting of a bibliometric assessment and a scientometric assessment. The bibliometric and scientometric analyses map occurrences, frequencies, and intercorrelations of these keywords with UNESCO Thematic Indicators and advanced technology utilization. The findings reveal a predominance of conservation-related Thematic Indicators, suggesting a conservative approach to cultural sustainability, particularly for environmental resilience, wealth, and livelihoods. In terms of advanced technologies, laser scanning and photogrammetry are used for both conservation and restoration purposes, while chromatography and virtual tours are mainly applied to conservation and preservation practices. Otherwise, infrared thermography, X-ray imaging, and online platforms are used, respectively, for heritage preservation, restoration, and conservation. On the other hand, ground-penetrating radar and remote sensing exhibit fewer connections to heritage protection. The mapping of culture and climate change also highlights the importance of conservation in responding to changing climate conditions. Climate adaptation is closely linked to both conservation and preservation efforts, highlighting the critical role of cultural heritage in fostering climate resilience.
Post-Pandemic Exploratory Analysis of the Romanian Public Administration Digitalization Level in Comparison to the Most Digitally Developed States of the European Union
Authors: Pripoaie Rodica , Schin George-Cristian , Matic Andreea-Elena
Published: May 2024

This study aims to carry out a comparative analysis between the level of digitization of the Romanian public administration compared to that existing in the most digitally developed states at the European level. Our study identifies the extent to which Romanian citizens have access to non-bureaucratic and transparent public services that support social inclusion and non-discrimination, compared to European citizens from states with the best digitalization of public services. Also, our research studies the relationship between the level of digitalization quantified by the DESI indicator and the level of income for the states considered in the analysis, as well as the relationship between digitalization and bureaucracy, the corruption index, and the digital skills of citizens. Based on the 486 statistical data collected and centralized on the corruption index (CPI), as well as the values for DESI and GNI per capita, for the period 2017–2022 for the 27 EU member states, we performed a statistical analysis using SPSS 28 regarding the existence of a DESI relationship and level of income (GNI per capita) and/or CPI (Corruption Perceptions Index). Our study is on a current issue, as it addresses the issue of digitalization of public administration, in the new post-pandemic and geostrategic context. It has theoretical applicability, by determining a model that can be used to study the relationship between digitalization and the standard of living and corruption, and also practical application, because it can contribute to the awareness of the government in taking measures and adopting strategies to reduce gaps as compared to the most developed digital states.
The Digital Divide, Wealth, and Inequality: An Examination of Socio-Economic Determinants of Collaborative Environmental Governance in Thailand through Provincial-Level Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Denfanapapol Suwatchai , Setthasuravich Prasongchai , Rattanakul Surapong , Pukdeewut Aphisit , Kato Hironori
Published: May 2024

Collaborative environmental governance (CEG) is a tripartite process that engages the government, private sector, and general public in decision-making related to environmental challenges, focusing on fostering more sustainable and efficient solutions. Understanding the specific factors influencing the degree of CEG presents a significant challenge, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to identify and assess the socio-economic determinants affecting the degree of CEG in Thailand, a representative developing country. Utilizing robust panel data models, which are well-suited to handle the complex variability of socio-economic factors, we analyzed provincial-level data from 2017 and 2019. Our findings revealed the associations between the degree of CEG and variables such as the internet access divide, economic activities, income inequality, and budget allocations for environmental activities. This research fills critical gaps in our understanding of how these determinants shape collaborative governance efforts, offering novel insights that challenge existing paradigms and providing actionable recommendations for policymakers striving to enhance environmental governance in developing regions.
Examination of the Physical–Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Self-Curing Concrete Using Crushed Ceramic, Volcanic Powder, and Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Etman Hassan M. , Elshikh Mohamed M. Yousry , Kaloop Mosbeh R. , Hu Jong Wan , Abd ELMohsen Ibrahim
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the properties of sustainable self-curing concrete (SSC) by adding volcanic powder (VP), crushed ceramic (CC), and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG). VP and CC are prepared from volcanic ash, as a natural pozzolanic material, and construction waste, respectively. PEG is used as an inner-curing agent. Twenty-six concrete mixtures are prepared using VP at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, CC at 50%, and PEG at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% and tested after 7, 28, and 56 days. Mechanical, workability, and durability characteristics are evaluated using different tests. The bond and cohesion between aggregates and mortar are tested using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the optimum replacement mix for enhancing strengths, by producing C-S-H, of the studied SSC is 10% VP and 1.5% PEG. This improved the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of SSC by 54.5%, 60.7%, and 34.9%, respectively, compared to a reference mix. Adding CC enhances the compressive strength of SSC by 41.6% and 11.5% and decreases chloride penetration by 10% and 9.1% compared to control mixes. PEG improves the mechanical, workability, and durability characteristics of SSC even with the addition of 1%. The obtained results reveal the possibility of using VP and CC in producing SSC.
Enhancing Heat Removal and H2O Retention in Passive Air-Cooled Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells by Altering Flow Field Geometry
Authors: Mohsen Ali M. , Basem Ali
Published: May 2024

This numerical study presents six three-dimensional (3D) cathode flow field designs for a passive air-cooled polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell to enhance heat removal and H2O retention. The data collected are evaluated in terms of water content, average temperature, and current flux density. The proposed cathode flow field designs are a straight baseline channel (Design 1), converging channel (Design 2), diverging channel (Design 3), straight channel with cylindrical pin fins (Design 4), trapezium cross-section channel (Design 5), and semi-circle cross-section channel (Design 6). The lowest cell temperature value of 56.67 °C was obtained for Design 2, while a noticeable water retention improvement of 6.5% was achieved in a semi-circle cathode flow field (Design 5) compared to the baseline channel. However, the current flux density shows a reduction of 0.1% to 1.2%. Nevertheless, those values are relatively small compared to the improvement in the durability of the fuel cell due to heat reduction. Although the modifications to the cathode flow field resulted in only minor improvements, ongoing advancements in fuel cell technology have the potential to make our energy landscape more sustainable. These advancements can help reduce emissions, increase efficiency, integrate renewable energy sources, enhance energy security, and support the transition to a hydrogen-based economy.
Sourcing Sustainability Transition in Small and Medium-Sized Ports of the Baltic Sea Region: A Case of Sustainable Futuring with Living Labs
Authors: Gerlitz Laima , Meyer Christopher , Henesey Lawrence
Published: May 2024

The present research points to an alternative concern against the mainstream research of future ports’ development by taking a transdisciplinary approach of a Living Lab (LL) concept for a better sustainability and innovation record in Small and Medium-Sized Ports (SMSPs). Deploying qualitative research for the examination of this new phenomenon of aggregating LLs into SMSPs, this research builds upon stakeholder workshops, in-depth interviews, and designed port pilots as case studies dedicated to innovation and sustainability transition in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) at the turn of 2030. Given its rich and significant empirical foundation, the present research substantially contributes to sustainability orientation and transitions in ports. The key original elements of this study are fourfold: (1) the research provides a theoretical and practical LL framework enabling innovation and sustainability to be grasped in ports in times of technological, social, and political disruption; (2) this research increases the minimal number of existing previous efforts studying SMSPs in the transitional discourse; (3) the paper addresses not only hard technological innovation concerns but also aspects of social acceptance and the role of social interactions; (4) the research goes beyond geographical boundaries of a single port, thus providing a joint and collaborative approach towards sustainability rather than an individual perception on sustainability transition, existing networks, and clusters.
Green Human Resource Management and Employee Retention in the Hotel Industry of UAE: The Mediating Effect of Green Innovation
Authors: Hassanein Fida , Daouk Amira , Yassine Diala , Bou Zakhem Najib , Elsayed Ranim , Saleh Ahmad
Published: May 2024

The concept of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) is regarded as a major turning point in managing human capital among firms. Sustainable practices, ecofriendly initiatives, and adequate management of employees (i.e., recruitment, training, performance, rewards, and involvement) are fundamental aspects of GHRM, which enable improvements in the performance of firms and enhanced competitiveness among their rivals. In this regard, the current study takes a quantitative approach towards analyzing GHRM practices and their effects on employee retention among hotels in the UAE. Furthermore, the indirect effect of green innovation is analyzed as a potential mediating variable that can better explain the GHRM–employee retention relationship. A total of 207 employees from five 5-star hotels were selected as participants to provide information regarding the factors under examination in this research. The collected data were analyzed using Smart-PLS v.3 and a partial least squares–structural equation modeling technique, which is a fitting technique for causal models. The perspective of employees on the outcome of GHRM initiatives and their willingness to remain in their firms can greatly contribute to the current understanding of GHRM and its effectiveness on employee retention in the context of the hotel industry of the UAE, and thus, aid practitioners and scholars alike.
Bibliometric Analysis of Intelligent Systems for Early Anomaly Detection in Oil and Gas Contracts: Exploring Recent Progress and Challenges
Authors: Cardona Luis F. , Guzmán-Luna Jaime A. , Restrepo-Carmona Jaime A.
Published: May 2024

The oil and gas industries are crucial to global economies, influencing geopolitics, driving technological advancements, employing millions, and impacting financial markets. The complexity and the volume of data generated by these industries demonstrate the need for efficient information management, where effective contract audits play a key role in ensuring market stability, transparency, fair revenue distribution, corruption mitigation, and enhancing industry integrity to attract investors. This study employs bibliometric analysis to explore the application of machine learning (ML) in detecting anomalous contracts within the oil and gas industry. This analysis identifies key research and challenges, laying the groundwork for further computational ML advancements. The PRISMA guidelines identify ML’s role from 2018 to 2023, including post-COVID-19. Principal component analysis (PCA) evaluates the bibliometric contributions of different countries and institutions. China, Indonesia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, the University of Antwerp Operations Research Group, and the University of Pittsburgh emerge as significant contributors. These findings underscore ML’s pivotal role in fraud detection, risk mitigation, and cost savings, concluding that anomalous contract detection remains open to newer ML techniques and ongoing research.
Ecophysiology of Soursop Seedlings Irrigated with Fish Farming Effluent under NPK Doses
Authors: da Silva Sá Francisco Vanies , Torres Salvador Barros , Oliveira Francisca das Chagas de , Santos Antônio Sávio dos , Souza Antônia Adailha Torres , Pereira Kleane Targino Oliveira , Peixoto Tayd Dayvison Custódio , de Andrade Silva Luderlândio , Moreira Rômulo Carantino Lucena , Paiva Emanoela Pereira de , Almeida Hermes Alves de , Melo Alberto Soares de , Ferreira Neto Miguel , Fernandes Pedro Dantas , Dias Nildo da Silva
Published: May 2024

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is a tropical fruit grown in the semi-arid region of Brazil, where problems of quantitative and qualitative scarcity of water for irrigation are frequent. Using alternative water sources, such as fish farming effluents, can increase water availability; however, it presents risks due to its high salinity levels. We aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation with saline fish farming effluent and NPK doses on soursop seedlings’ ecophysiology. We conducted a greenhouse experiment using a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 5 factorial scheme. The factors consisted of two irrigation water sources (local supply water with 0.5 dS m−1 and fish farming effluent with 3.5 dS m−1) and five doses of NPK (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of the fertilizer recommendation of 100:300:150 mg dm−3 of N:P2O5:K2O for soil). The soursop seedlings showed the best growth results for plant height, stem diameter, and shoot dry mass when irrigated with low-salinity water at 95% of the recommended NPK dose. However, under saline stress, the soursop seedlings showed optimal growth when fertilized with 69% of NPK dose. We recommend the following NPK fertilization for soursop seedlings: 95:285:143 mg dm−3 of N:P2O5:K2O for those irrigated with low-salinity water and 69:207:104 mg dm−3 for those irrigated with fish farm effluent. Irrigating with fish farm effluent can be a practical option for soursop seedlings as it can help save fertilizers and promote environmental sustainability.
Supernova Neutrinos: Flavour Conversion Mechanisms and New Physics Scenarios
Authors: Sen Manibrata
Published: May 2024

A core-collapse supernova (SN) releases almost all of its energy in the form of neutrinos, which provide a unique opportunity to probe the working machinery of an SN. These sites are prone to neutrino–neutrino refractive effects, which can lead to fascinating collective flavour oscillations among neutrinos. This causes rapid neutrino flavour conversions deep inside the SN even for suppressed mixing angles, with intriguing consequences for the explosion mechanism as well as nucleosynthesis. We review the physics of collective oscillations of neutrinos—both slow and fast—along with the well-known resonant flavour conversion effects and discuss the current state-of-the-art of the field. Furthermore, we discuss how neutrinos from an SN can be used to probe novel particle physics properties, extreme values of which are otherwise inaccessible in laboratories.
Characterization and Seasonal Dynamics of Tick Populations in Dairy Cattle Production Systems of Northwestern Colombian Amazon
Authors: Zapata Cesar A. , Morea Edna G. O. , Mora-Motta Dúber A. , Ojeda Diana M. M. , Quiceno-Mayo Esther J. , Toro Diego A. , Ortiz-Morea Fausto A.
Published: May 2024

Cattle ticks are a significant health concern in tropical livestock production due to their hematophagous behavior and potential as vectors for human and animal pathogens. In this study, we investigated the tick population present in dairy cattle production, calves, and grazing areas of livestock systems in the northwestern Colombian Amazon. Identification was based on taxonomic keys and molecular markers. Phylogenetic relationships were established using mitochondrial COX1 and 16S genes. Population structure analysis was performed considering age, racial type (B. indicus vs. B. taurus), and the influence of environmental factors and the geomorphological landscape on tick population dynamics. Our findings revealed the presence of a single tick species, with a unique haplotype identified for each mitochondrial gene assessed. Phylogenetic analysis classified the found species within Clade A of the Rhipicephalus microplus complex. Ticks were more prevalent during periods of low rainfall and high temperature, and B. taurus cows exhibited the highest tick abundance. Thus, these results provide insights into the population characteristics and distribution of the tick species present in dairy cattle production systems in the northwestern part of the Colombian Amazon. This information is fundamental for developing targeted strategies based on seasonal variation and host characteristics to mitigate tick infestation severity in the region.
Comparative Impact of Hydroxychloride and Organic Sources of Manganese, Zinc, and Copper in Rearing Diets on Pullet Growth, Tibia Traits, Egg Production, and Eggshell Quality in Lohmann Brown Birds up to 50 Weeks of Age
Authors: Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki Reza , Alfonso-Carrillo Clara , Garcia-Ruiz Ana Isabel
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: This study assessed the efficacy of hydroxychloride sources of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) compared with organic sources in the rearing diets of Lohmann brown pullets, focusing on pullet performance, tibia quality, egg production, and eggshell quality. (2) Methods: A total of 120 birds (six replications and 10 birds each) received diets with Mn, Zn, and Cu from organic or hydroxychloride sources during the rearing phase. After the onset of lay, birds were fed diets containing oxide/sulfate sources up to 50 weeks of age. (3) Results: no significant differences were observed in growth performance and tibia quality during the rearing phase (p > 0.05). From 18 to 24 weeks of age, no carryover effect on egg production performance was observed. However, from 25–50 weeks, pullets fed hydroxychloride sources showed lower feed intake and egg mass compared to the organic group (p < 0.05), whereas egg production and eggshell quality remained similar between groups (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential of hydroxychloride sources in rearing diets without compromising overall growth in the pullet phase and feed efficiency in the laying cycle.
Modelling Approach for Assessment of Groundwater Potential of the Moghra Aquifer, Egypt, for Extensive Rural Development
Authors: Shalby Ahmed , Zeidan Bakenaz A. , Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna , Negm Abdelazim M. , Armanuos Asaad M.
Published: May 2024

Groundwater-dependent cultivation is imperative to meet the ever-increasing food demands in Egypt. To explore the Moghra aquifer’s potential, where a large-scale rural community is being established, a finite element groundwater flow (i.e., FEFLOW®) model was invoked. The developed model was calibrated against the observed water levels. GRACE-based groundwater storage was incorporated into the tuning procedure of the developed model. Eight abstraction rates from 1000 wells, changing from 800 to 1500 m3/day/well, were simulated for a 100-year test period. The maximum resulting drawdown values, respectively, ranged from 59 to 112 m equating to about 20–40% of the aquifer’s saturated thickness. The implications of the climate change from gradual sea level rise and an increase in crop consumptive water use were investigated. Extending seawater invasion into the aquifer caused a slight increase in the piezometric levels within a narrow strip along the seaside. Applying a chronologically increasing withdrawal rate to meet the projected increment in crop water requirements raised the maximum resulting drawdown by about 7.5%. The sustainable exploitation regime was defined as a time-increasing withdrawal rate adequate to reclaim 85,715 acres (34,688 ha). The recommended development scheme is compatible with the withdrawal rationing rule, aiming to maintain that the resulting drawdown does not exceed one meter a year.
Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole in Secondary Wastewater Based on Persulfate Activated by Citric-Acid-Complexed Ferrous Ion under Sunlight
Authors: Chen Xinyang , Zhu Yan , Zhou Yuhao , Tang Guoxin , Han Jiangang , Li Wei
Published: May 2024

The narrow pH application range and lower utilization of ferrous ions (Fe(II)) restrict the application of Fe(II)/persulfate (PS) technology. In this paper, simulated sunlight and citric acid (Cit) as a chelator were introduced in an Fe(II)/PS system to overcome the drawbacks and enhance the degradation of typical antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in secondary wastewater. The degradation kinetics, mechanism, and influence factors of SMX in a sunlight/Fe(II)/Cit/PS system and a sunlight/Fe(II)/Cit system as a comparable system were investigated. The removal efficiency of SMX can reach 71.15% and 85.25% in the sunlight/Fe(II)/Cit system and sunlight/Fe(II)/Cit/PS system with 0.1 mM Fe(II), 0.6 mM Cit, and 1 mM PS. The increase of Fe(II) concentration in both systems proved that sunlight promoted the regeneration of Fe(II) from the ferric ion chelates. However, the Fe(II) concentration decreased after 30 min in the sunlight/Fe(II)/Cit/PS system because of the decomposition of Cit. Radical quencher experiments indicated that SO4·−, ·OH, and O2·− contributed 2.48%, 88.43%, and 6.91% to the removal of SMX, respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra also proved the formation of ·OH and O2·−. The degradation of SMX was proposed to proceed via isomerization, cleavage of S–N bond, and hydroxylation. Overall, the sunlight/Fe(II)/Cit/PS process can be used as an advanced treatment technology for antibiotics in municipal wastewater.
Reuse of Treated Slaughterhouse Wastewater from Immediate One-Step Lime Precipitation and Atmospheric Carbonation to Produce Aromatic Plants in Hydroponics
Authors: Madeira Luís , Ribau Teixeira Margarida , Nunes Sérgio , Almeida Adelaide , Carvalho Fátima
Published: May 2024

The transition from the linear economy paradigm to the circular economy in industrial wastewater treatment is on the global agenda. The search for new simple, eco-innovative and low-cost processes for treating industrial wastewater, which can also be used by small- and medium-sized industries, has been a constant challenge to ensure environmental sustainability in all types of industries. The present work aimed to evaluate the suitability of the treated slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) obtained by the integrated process composed of immediate one-step lime precipitation (IOSLM) and atmospheric carbonation (AC) for the production of aromatic plants by hydroponics. Results showed a significant increase in plant height of 177 and 147% and root length of 64 and 37% for Pennyroyal and Chocolate Peppermint plants, respectively, after 26 days. No signs of toxicity or symptoms of micronutrient deficiency were detected in aromatic plants.
Microplastic Transportation in a Typical Drinking Water Supply: From Raw Water to Household Water
Authors: Sun Xiangying , Zhu Yunjie , An Lihui , Liu Yan , Zhuang Yin , Wang Yubang , Sun Mingdong , Xu Qiujin
Published: May 2024

Microplastics in drinking water have attracted increasing global concerns due to their potential adverse impacts on human health. However, there needs to be more knowledge of the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in drinking water systems from water sources to household tap water. Herein, laser direct infrared spectroscopy is used to investigate the occurrence of microplastics in a typical drinking water plant with different water sources. Microplastic information is further used to understand microplastic fates during drinking water supply, including microplastic abundance, size, shape, and polymer type. Overall, the microplastic abundance in treated water ranges from 12.00 to 25.33 particles/L, higher than those in raw water (RW; 2.33–17.33 particles/L) and household water (HW; 8.00–19.67 particles/L), which shows that microplastics are not removed from RW. The main polymers in these microplastics are polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene. At the same time, the main microplastic shapes are fragments and fibers. Small-sized microplastics of 20–100 μm account for up to 76.74% and 79.30% of microplastics during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Additionally, more microplastics are detected in RW from rivers than those from reservoirs and lakes, and the microplastic abundance in the wet season is higher than that in the dry season. As expected, the potential ecological risk of microplastics in all waters is the I level, which is the lowest level. Most importantly, the annual microplastic intake of an adult via drinking water is 5063–18,301 microplastics, less than that reported in previous studies. These results provide valuable data on the fates of microplastics in drinking water supply systems from water sources to HW and promote authorities to update the treatment technologies for drinking water in the future to remove microplastics efficiently.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality through Hydrochemistry Using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Water Quality Index (WQI) in Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey
Authors: Arıman Sema , Soydan-Oksal Nazire Göksu , Beden Neslihan , Ahmadzai Hayatullah
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and spatial distribution of groundwater in the Kızılırmak Delta of Turkey and to evaluate the suitability of groundwater in the Kızılırmak Delta for drinking water use through a Water Quality Index (WQI) assessment. Eleven water parameters, including nitrate (NO3−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3−), sulfate (SO42−), hardness (measured as CaCO3), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were analyzed to determine the water quality of each groundwater sample. The WQI was determined using the weighted arithmetic index method and the method specified by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). The spatial distribution of the result for all observation wells was plotted. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was generated utilizing the analytical data from eleven selected samples. As a result of the study, according to the calculated WQI values, the water in most of the wells was not suitable for drinking purposes. The minimum Ca2+ concentration in the study area was 108,817 mg/L, and the maximum was 692,382 mg/L, which showed that the samples in all wells exceeded the WHO limit. The same situation is valid for Mg2+, and the values vary between 100.383 and 5183.026 mg/L. From the spatial distribution of the water quality parameters it has been understood that the eastern part of the region is more suitable than the western part for drinking purposes. The results from correlation analysis showed the strongest positive correlation between Mg2+ and Na+ and Na+ and EC as 0.989. The present study shows that the groundwater of the delta, which has deteriorating water quality, should be treated before it is used for drinking water and protected from contamination hazards.
How Scale Influences the Resilience of Urban Water Systems: A Literature Review of Trade-Offs and Recommendations
Authors: Arnaud Nicole , Poch Manel , Popartan Lucia Alexandra , Corominas Lluis , Verdaguer Marta
Published: May 2024

Climate change severely affects urban water systems (UWSs). Infrastructure historically designed for milder conditions cannot manage growing water demands and extreme events. To obtain a resilient water sector, adaptation and mitigation strategies must address rising water challenges while striving for net-zero emissions. Researchers have noted that extreme decentralization is positively associated with closing cycles while reducing transport costs. However, part of the scientific community defends centralized schemes due to economies of scale. The objective of this systematic review is to understand the trade-offs associated with the adoption of different scales at UWSs design and how this impacts system resilience. This process includes identifying different scale trade-offs and unique environmental aspects that influence the optimal scale suitability. A clear distinction was made in terms of scale concept and classification, considering different design levels. That is, considering the UWS at the city level and water management units (WMUs) at the local level. Similarly, a classification of different scales for each level, covering all water streams—supply, wastewater, and stormwater—was introduced. We defined the key environmental aspects that influence the optimal scale and location suitability: ten at the city-catchment level and eleven at the site-neighbourhood level. Scale impacts three major UWSs functionalities that have repercussions on urban resilience: net energy, net water, and ecosystem services (ES).
Geochemical Assessment of Heavy Metal Distribution in Bug River Sediments, Poland: The Impacts of Urbanization and Agricultural Practices
Authors: Skorbiłowicz Elżbieta , Ofman Piotr , Skorbiłowicz Mirosław , Sidoruk Marcin , Tarasiuk Urszula
Published: May 2024

Heavy metals play a crucial role in the environment due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation ability, which can lead to severe ecological and health risks. This study aimed to investigate the impact of urbanization and agricultural practices on the heavy metal content in the sediments of the Bug River catchment. To this end, 96 surface sediment samples were collected from various points in the Bug River catchment, including from urban, agricultural, and forested areas. The samples for laboratory analysis were collected in July 2018, 2019, and 2020 in the Polish part of the Bug River watershed. Heavy metal (Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Cd) concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI) were used to assess the degree of sediment contamination. The results indicate higher concentrations of heavy metals in urban sediments, where cadmium concentrations reached up to 2.5 mg/kg, compared to agricultural and forested areas, where concentrations were significantly lower. The average Igeo value for cadmium was 0.24 in agricultural areas and 0.15 in urban areas, suggesting the predominance of anthropogenic influences over natural sources. The highest PLI values were found in urban areas, reaching a maximum of 0.33, indicating higher pollution levels. Statistical analysis revealed that urban emissions and agricultural activities significantly influenced the presence of these metals in the Bug River sediments. This study’s conclusions emphasize that effective river water quality management requires continuous monitoring and an understanding of anthropogenic and natural pollution sources. The results contribute to a better understanding the interactions between human activities and water quality, crucial for planning protection and remediation strategies. Additionally, this study provides critical insights into optimizing pollution management strategies and developing remediation methods, serving local and regional policymakers in planning protective actions.