bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH ANATOMI DI JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI, KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI
Authors: Chairad Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Abstract : Analysis of Student Learning Difficulties in Anatomy Courses in theDepartment of Physical Education, Health and Recreation. This study aims toanalyze the learning difficulties of students in Anatomy courses in the Departmentof Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Medan State University. Subjects inthis study were first semester students in the Department of Physical Education,Health and Recreation, Medan State University who were studying taking theAnatomy course. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. Theinstruments used in data collection are diagnostic tests and interviews. The results ofthe analysis of the research obtained were that students had difficulty learningAnatomy courses regarding memorizing the layout and Latin names of all bones inthe human body.Keywords : Learning Difficulties, Anatomy.Abstrak : Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Mahasiswa Pada Mata Kuliah Anatomi DiJurusan Pendidikan Jasmani, Kesehatan dan Rekreasi. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menganalisis kesulitan belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Anatomi diJurusan Pendidikan Jasmani, Kesehatan dan Rekreasi Universitas Negeri Medan.Subjek dalam penelitian ini merupakan mahasiswa semester pertama di JurusanPendidikan Jasmani, Kesehatan dan Rekreasi Universitas Negeri Medan yang tengahbelajarmengambil matakuliah Anatomi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalahpenelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen yang diguanakan dalam pengambilan databerupa tes diagnostik dan wawancara. Hasil analisis penelitian yang diperolehadalah mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan belajar mata kuliah Anatomi dalam halmenghapal tata letak dan nama latin seluruh tulang yang ada di tubuh manusia.Kata Kunci : Kesulitan Belajar, Anatomi.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PKN MELALUI MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE NHT DENGAN MEDIA CD PEMBELAJARAN PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 1 PANYABUNGAN
Authors: Lesnatarida Lesnatarida
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Improving Civics Learning Outcomes Through CooperativeLearning Models NHT Type With Learning CD Media In Class XI Students ofPanyabungan 1 High School. This research aims to find out: (a) how far theunderstanding and mastery of Civics subjects are after the NHT CooperativeLearning model is used with media Learning CD. (b) To reveal the influence ofCooperative Learning models of NHT type with Learning CD media on student PKnlearning outcomes. This study uses action research as many as three rounds. Eachround consists of four stages, namely: design, activity and observation, reflection,and refining. The target of this study is the Class XI students of Panyabungan 1Public High School. Data obtained in the form of formative test results, observationsheets of teaching and learning activities. From the results of the analyst, it wasfound that the first cycle of students was 70.53, students who completed as many as5 of 34 students with 15% classical completeness. Cycle II average students 82.5students completed 22 out of 34 students with 65% classical completeness. AndCycle III average students 84.1, students complete 30 out of 34 students with 88%classical completeness.Keywords : Civics Learning, Cooperative Learning, NHTAbstrak : Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PKn Melalui Model CooperativeLearning Tipe NHT Dengan Media CD Pembelajaran Pada Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Panyabungan. Penelitian ini bertujun untuk mengetahui : (a)seberapa jauh pemahaman dan penguasaan mata pelajaran PKn setelahditerapkannya model Cooperative Learning tipe NHT dengan media CDPembelajaran. (b) Untuk mengungkap pengaruh model Cooperative Learning tipeNHT dengan media CD Pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar PKn siswa. Penelitianini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak tiga putaran. Setiapputaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: rancangan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi,dan refisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1Panyabungan. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes formatif, lembar observasikegiatan belajar mengajar. Dari hasil analis didapatkan siklus I Rata-rata siswa70,53, siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 5 dari 34 siswa dengan ketuntasan klasikal 15%. Siklus II rata-rata siswa 82,5 siswa yang tuntas 22 dari 34 siswa dengan ketuntasanklasikal 65%. Dan Siklus III rata-rata siswa 84,1, siswa tuntas 30 dari 34 siswa dengan ketuntasan klasikal 88%.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran PKn, Cooperative Learning, NHT
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOCIO-ECOLÓGICAS ENTRE A ILHA DE PÁSCOA E A SOCIEDADE ATUAL: BASEADO NO LIVRO “COLAPSO” DE JARED DIAMOND
Authors: Calixto Yago Teodoro Aiub
Published: July 2023

Trata-se de pesquisa objetivando considerações socio-ecológicas entre a Ilha de Páscoa e a sociedade atual, ou seja, visa verificar como o comportamento dos pascoenses influenciou nos desastres ecológico e como a sociedade atual vem perpetuando condutas semelhantes. Em termos introdutórios, o primeiro tópico é sobre a geografia da Ilha de Páscoa. Após, tem-se análises práticas, sendo que a primeira se trata da atividade agrícola e a introdução de ratos, no território pascoense, comparada com a inserção de tilápias na Amazônia. Na segunda análise, é comparado o desmatamento desenfreado da Ilha de Páscoa com a degradação da Mata Atlântica. Também será visto a questão da chegada de uma nova cultura, e seus representante, no bioma local, como foi o caso dos Europeus, trouxeram impactos inacreditáveis a Ilha de Páscoa e aos índios brasileiros. Assim o objetivo perseguido é demonstrar como que a inserção de uma espécie em bioma diverso pode causa impactos socio-biológicos imensuráveis, principalmente no bioma brasileiro, como também análise de episódios históricos, como a chegada dos portugueses ao Brasil. A metodologia abordada é a metodológica-analógica, bem como o procedimento bibliográfico e dialético, contudo reserva-se a eventual utilização de outros métodos e procedimentos para buscar-se um resultado mais fidedigno. Os resultados obtidos são que a inserção de espécie não residente na Ilha de Páscoa levou ao colapso de uma sociedade inteira, e as inserções no bioma brasileiro, bem como o desmatamento, estão ocorrendo de forma irresponsável.
Machine Learning Classification can Significantly Reduce the Cost of Calculating the Hamiltonian Matrix in CI Calculations
Authors: Qu Chen , Houston Paul , Yu Qi , Conte Riccardo , Pandey Priyanka , Nandi Apurba , Bowman Joel
Published: July 2023

Hamiltonian matrices in electronic and nuclear contexts are highly compute-intensive to calculate, mainly due to the cost for the potential matrix. Typically these matrices contain many off-diagonal elements that are orders of magnitude smaller than diagonal elements. We illustrate that here for vibrational H-matrices for H2O, C2H3 (vinyl) and C2H5NO2 (glycine) using full-dimensional ab initio-based potential surfaces. We then show that many of the these small elements can be replaced by zero with small errors of the resulting full set of eigenvalues, depending on the threshold value for this replacement. As a result of this empirical evidence, we investigate three machine learning approaches to predict the zero elements. This is shown to be successful for these H-matrices after training on a small set of calculated elements. For one vinyl and glycine H-matrices, of order 15 552 and 8 828, respectively, training on a percent or so of elements is sufficient to obtain all eigenvalues with a mean absolute error of roughly 2 cm-1.
Hypervalent λ3-Fluoro Iodane Triggered Semipinacol Rearrange-ments: Efficient Synthesis of Quaternary α-Fluoro Ketones
Authors: Zhao Pengyuan , Wang Wanying , Gulder Tanja
Published: July 2023

Hypervalent λ3-fluoro iodanes have emerged as versatile reagents, providing unusual fluorination selectivities under mild reac-tion conditions. Here, we report on adding a semipinacol rearrangement to the fluorination, aryl migration cascade reaction of styrene derivatives. Thus, various cyclopentanones became accessible in up to 96% yield all bearing quaternary C,F-carbon center adjacent to the ketone group. Such fluorinated structural motifs are difficult to build with previously established meth-ods. Preliminary experiments on enantioselective processes validated that asymmetric transformations are likewise feasible.
Policy in the Port Services Industry for Regional Empowerment in Indonesian Maritime Defense
Authors: Hakim Moh Lukman , Hakim Abdul , Mindarti Lely Indah , Hermawan
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the Implementation of the Integrated Service Policy for Port Services to Support the Empowerment of the Maritime Defense Area. The port's function is to support the smoothness, security, and orderliness of the flow of ship, passenger, and ship traffic or goods, sailing safety and security, intra-and/or inter-modal movement places and encouraging the national and regional economy while taking into account regional spatial planning.
 
Theoretical framework: This study discusses several theoretical frameworks which include Policy Implementation, Integrated Port Services, and Empowerment of Maritime Defense Areas. The theory of Public Policy Implementation is used for establishes a communication model and implementation analysis, with a very strong emphasis on what influences the acceptance or rejection of messages across layers of government and the inhibiting and enabling factors.
 
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with research analysis on policy implementation consisting of the content of policy and context of implementation, where existing services involve many interests and port management. Data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive analysis followed four stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation as well as conclusions and verification.
 
Findings: The results of the research are: 1) The performance process of loading and unloading activities at the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya to support the empowerment of the maritime dimension defense area has been going well, 2) Performance results loading and unloading activities at Tanjung Perak Port in Surabaya to support the empowerment of the maritime dimension defense area have been carried out properly and can accommodate all port institutions, 3) There are supporting factors for the implementation of Integrated Service Policy, the existence of regulations that support the implementation of Service policies, 4) There are inhibiting factors, namely the absence of a central decision-making institution, Separate Container locations, Suboptimal Guidance Shipping Channels.
 
Research, practical & social implications: The benefits obtained in this study are obtaining the most appropriate policy model namely The Integrated Port Policy for Excellent Service (IPPSE) and High Technology-Based Port Area Synergy Regulations to improve Service Security and Convenience at the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya to support the maritime dimension defense area.
 
Originality/Value: The value of this study stems from its handling of one of the important sectors, namely the Port service industry sector and regional empowerment in Indonesian maritime defense because this sector is considered the most important and effective in the economic development.
Experimental Study of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Confined Porous Media Heated From Side
Authors: Karamallah Abdulhassan A. , Hussain Ihsan Y. , Alwan Dhia-Al-Deen H.
Published: July 2023

Transient three-dimensional natural convection heat transfer due to the influences of heating from one side of an enclosure filled with a saturated porous media, whereas the opposite side is maintained at a constant cold temperature, and the other four sides are adiabatic, were investigated in the present work experimentally. Silica sand was used as a porous media saturated with distilled water filled in a cubic enclosure heated from the side,using six electrical controlled heaters, at constant temperatures of (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100oC). The inverse side cooled at a constant temperature of (24oC) using an aluminum heat exchanger, consisted of 15 channels feeded with constant temperature water. Eighty thermocouples were used to control the heated and cooled sides, and to measure the temperature in the entire enclosure. Experimental results showed that the heat transfer regime was mainly conduction for all Rayleigh numbers with small influence of convection for Ra=42 and greater for Ra=55. This effect increased with the angle of inclination of the enclosure. Numerical and experimental results showed a good agreement. There was a rapid increase in the temperature at the entire media at the early time, reduced gradually until the steady state condition reached. This temperature and heat transfer to and from the porous media, were increased as the Rayleigh number and/or inclination angle increased. The Nusselt number increased directly with the angle of inclination up to o θ = 45 and then decreased. Correlation equations are obtained from the experimental investigation, showed the change of the average and local Nusselt number with time, distance, Rayleigh number, and the inclination angle.
Laminar Free Convection In Horizontal Annulus Filled With Glass Beads And With Annular Fins On The Inner Cylinder
Authors: Saleh Manal Hadi , Katea Ahmed Mohsen
Published: July 2023

An experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer by natural convection and radiation in a two dimensional annulus enclosure filled with porous media (glass beads) between two horizontal concentric cylinders. The outer cylinders are of (100, 82 and70mm) outside diameters and the inner cylinder of 27 mm outside diameter with (or without) annular fins attached to it. Under steady state condition; the inner cylinder surface is maintained at a high temperature by applying a uniform heat flux and the outer cylinder surface at a low temperature inside a freezer. The experiments were carried out for an annulus filled with glass beads at a range of modified Rayleigh number (4.9 ≤ Ra≤ 69), radiation parameter (0<Rd<10), with fin length of (Hf=3, 7 and 11mm), with radius ratios of (Rr=(r1/r2) =0.1405,0.2045, 0.293 and 0.3649 ), number of fins (n=0, 12, 23 and 45). Finite difference method with Boussinesq's approximation is used to solve the continuity, energy and momentum equations. The numerical solution is capable of calculating the streamline, the temperature field, the velocity field, the local and average Nusselt number. A computer program in Mat lab has been built to carry out the numerical solution. The numerical study was done for a range of modified Rayleigh number (4.9 ≤ Ra ≤ 300). Results show that the average Nusselt number is nearly constant for Ra less than 100 and increased with an increase in modified Rayleigh number.Nusselt number hardly affected by glass beads size and insignificant affected by Rd for Ra less than 100. Decreasing Rr cause clearly increase in average Nusselt number and increasing fin length or fin number decrease heat transfer.
Reduction of Sulfur Compounds from Petroleum Fraction Using Oxidation-Adsorption Technique
Authors: Ahmedzeki Nada Sadoon , Ibrahem Ban Jaber
Published: July 2023

Oxidation of sulfur compounds in fuel followed by an adsorption process were studied using two modes of operation, batch mode and continuous mode (fixed bed). In batch experiment oxidation process of kerosene with sulfur content 2360 ppm was achieved to study the effect of amount of hydrogen peroxide(2.5, 4, 6 and 10) ml at different temperature(40, 60 and 70)°C. Also the effect of amount acetic acid was studied  at the optimal conditions of the oxidation step(4ml H2O2 and 60 °C).Besides, the role of acetic acid different temperatures(40, 60, 70) °C and 4ml H2O2, effect of reaction time(5, 30, 60, 120, 300) minutes at temperatures(40,60) °C, 4ml H2O2 and 1 mlHAC)  and effect of reaction temperature were studied.

   The results showed that the  percentage removal of sulfur compounds increases with the increasing amount of  hydrogen peroxide and amount of acetic acid also the percentage removal of sulfur compounds increases by addition acetic acid, reaction time up to 300 minutes and reaction temperature.

   In the fixed bed adsorption process, the oxidized kerosene having sulfur content being reduced to 939.28 ppm, was let to flow through a bed of 10Ni/ -Al2O3. The results showed that a sulfur removal of   95.38 %  was obtained. By this the total sulfur removal of  98.38 %  was obtained from the two consecutive processes. The resultant fuel had only 43.47 ppm. Also a study of the capability of the same bed to desulfurize raw feed of kerosene of 2360 ppm of sulfur compounds was investigated. 43.3% removal of sulfur compounds was achieved which reflects the catalytic properties of the adsorbent which could act as an oxidative adsorptive material. The results showed that by increasing feed flow rate, the breakthrough curve becomes steeper. Also the maximum removal of sulfur compounds was obtained in the case of  bed height 20 cm and flow rate 0.3 l/h.
Extraction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Lube Oil Using Different Co-Solvent
Authors: Shakir Ibtehal k. , Qasim Muslim A.
Published: July 2023

An investigation was conducted effect of addition co- solvent on solvent extraction process for two types of a lubricating oil fraction (spindle) and (SAE-30) obtained from vacuum distillation unit of lube oil plant of Daura Refinery. In this study two types of co-solvents ( formamide and N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone) were blended with furfural to extract aromatic hydrocarbons which are the undesirable materials in raw lubricating oil, in order to improve the viscosity index, viscosity and yield of produced lubricating oil. The studied operating condition are extraction temperature range from 70 to 110 °C for formamide and 80 to 120 °C for N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone, solvent to oil ratio range from 1:1 to 2:1 (wt./wt.) for furfural with formamide extraction and 1:1 to 3:1 (wt./wt.) for furfural with NMP extraction. The results of the  investigation show that the viscosity index of lubricating oil fraction increases while viscosity and percentage yield of raffinate decreases with increasing extraction temperature, the solvent to oil ratio and co-solvent to furfural ratio. For formamide the best temperature were 90 °C, furfural to co-solvent ratio (60:40) and solvent to lube oil ratio (1.5:1) to get best value of viscosity index 102, viscosity 3.01 cst and 69.23 % yield. While for NMP co-solvent 110 °C extraction temperature, (2:1) solvent to lube oil ratio and (60:40) furfural to co-solvent ratio, to produce lube oil with 96 viscosity index, 9.10 cst viscosity and 68.50 yield.
Corrosion Inhibition of Low Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid Using Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Abdulwahab Majid I. , Ahmed Ayad B. , Yaro Aprael S.
Published: July 2023

The inhibitive power of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) was investigated toward the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.2N H2SO4 solution in the temperature range of 30-60˚C and PVA concentration range of 150-2000 ppm.

   The corrosion rate was measured using both the weight loss and the electrochemical techniques. The weight loss results showed that PVA could serve as a corrosion inhibitor but its inhibition power was found to be low for the corrosion of carbon steel in the acidic media. Electrochemical analysis of the corrosion process of carbon steel in an electrochemical corrosion cell was investigated using 3-Electrode corrosion cell. Polarization technique was used for carbon steel corrosion in 0.2N H2SO4 solutions in presence and absence of the inhibitor investigated. Electrochemical runs were done in the PVA concentrations of 150, 1000, and 2000 ppm and temperatures of 30, 40, 50, and 60˚C.

   It was shown that the inhibition efficiency for PVA decreased with increasing temperature at a given PVA concentration. On the other hand it was shown that at given temperature the inhibition efficiency of PVA was increased with increasing of PVA concentration in the corrosive acid until a PVA concentration of 2000 ppm was reached.

   The Maximum inhibition efficiency reached was about 71 % at 30ºC and 2000 ppm concentration, calculated by the weight loss technique.  It was indicated also that the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.2N H2SO4 is highly activation controlled and inhibition action is occurring at both anodic and cathodic sites on the metal surface.
Determination of the Optimum Conditions for the Production of Gamma Alumina (ɤ-Al2O3) By the Precipitation Method of the Sodium Aluminate Solution
Authors: Al-Bayati Alaa D. Jawad , Al-Taee Habaib A. Majeed , Abdulraheem Ibtehaj Faisal
Published: July 2023

Design of experiments (DOE) was made by Minitab software for the study of three factors used in the precipitation process of the Sodium Aluminate solution prepared from digestion of α-Al2O3  to determine the optimum conditions to a produce Boehmite which is used in production of ɤ-Al2O3 during drying and calcination processes, the factors are; the temperature of the sodium aluminate solution, concentration of HCl acid added for the precipitation and the pH of the solution at which the precipitation was ended. The design of the experiments leads to 18 experiments.

   The results show that the optimum conditions for the precipitation of the sodium aluminate solution which leads to the production of gamma alumina are 6.5 pH, Temperature of solution is 90 C and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) is 21%. While all other conditions lead mainly to other phases of alumina which is mainly epsilon- alumina (ε-Al2O3).
Tenders versus Consignment
Authors: Ganiwalla Shaheed , Ahmed Aabid Abdulmajid , Bangalee Varsha
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the impact of tenders and consignment on the purchase price of pharmaceuticals and the effect of consignment on liquidity. The study explores the feasibility of combining tenders and consignment to accrue the benefits of each.

METHODS: A pre-post observational study design was used to retrospectively collect pharmaceutical purchase prices from the 2019 tenders, the 2020 consignment supplier invoices, and the 2022 tenders-for-consignment. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine statistical significance. Cash flow statements from 2019 and 2020 were used to determine the change in liquidity. The mean purchase price was compared to the Management Sciences for Health International Medical Products Price Guide to determine the price ratio.

RESULTS: The dataset included 65 products listed by proprietary name. Quantitative analysis of the purchase price obtained through tenders in 2019 and consignment in 2020 shows that the price increased by a median of 4.78% [IQR = -5.66% - 12.71%] (p=0.48). However, when tenders-for-consignment was introduced, the price was reduced by a median of -7.71% [IQR = -11.72% - 1.935%] (p=0.65). Consignment resulted in a direct cash savings of KES 4,427,266.10 in one year. The median price ratio was 4.4319 [IQR = 0.8496-12.6193].

CONCLUSION: Inventory consignment offers substantial savings through reduced capital expenditure. However, eliminating competition results in higher purchase prices that can harm the affordability of medicines. Comparatively, tenders provide the best prices because of competition between suppliers. Combining both results in substantial savings for the institution without negatively impacting the cost of medicines.
Effect of the Feed Substrate Concentration on the Dynamic Performance of the Bioethanol Fermentation Process Using Zymomonas mobiliz
Authors: Mustafa Ibrahim Hassan , Fgaier Hedia , Elkamel Ali , Lohi Ali , Ibrahim Gamal , Elnashaie Said Salah Eldin Hamed
Published: July 2023

In this work, a structured verified nonlinear mathematical model for a single continuous fermenter of bioethanol production using Zymomonas mobiliz is developed to investigate the effect of the feed substrate concentration, which is taken as the main bifurcation parameter for performing a bifurcation analysis. The chaotic, oscillatory, and steady-state behaviors of the fermentation system are investigated. It is found that the system is dominated by oscillatory behavior in the medium gravity (MG) region (80.76 < C-so < 213.6), while it is dominated by stable steady state outside this range; however, at high C-so and low dilution rate, the chaotic behavior dominates the system. It is found that the fermentation system accomplishes the maximum averages of substrate conversion and bioethanol yield in the range of 80.76 < C-so < 97 g/L. These results are in agreement with the experimental results in the literature.
Membrane fouling remediation in ultrafiltration of latex contaminated wastewater
Authors: Abdelrasoul Amira , Doan Huu , Lohi Ali
Published: July 2023

The current study aimed to remediate membrane fouling by latex effluent by altering membrane surface charge or ionic strength of the effluent. Hydrophilic polysulfone and Ultrafilic flat membranes, with molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 60,000 and 100,000, respectively, and hydrophobic polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (PVDF; MWCO 100,000) were used under a constant flow rate and in cross-flow mode for ultrafiltration of latex effluent. The effect of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) on the ionic strength of the effluent and the zeta potential of latex particles was investigated. LAS was also used to improve the anti-fouling properties of the membrane surface. The ionic strength of latex effluent was increased by raising its pH from 7 to 12, resulting in an increase of the zeta potential negativity of the latex particles from -26.61 to -42.66 mV. LAS was found to be an ineffective pretreatment for limiting the fouling propensity of latex effluent using hydrophilic membranes even at high concentration and long treatment times. It was concluded that LAS-treated membrane surface is much more favorable than pH changed feed pretreatment. The total mass of fouling decreased by 44.00 and 29.60%, when PVDF membrane surface was treated with LAS at a concentration of 1 x 10(-4) g/L, and latex effluent at pH 11 was used, respectively.
Implementasi Program Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai di Kecamatan Warudoyong Kota Sukabumi
Authors: Yuniarti Ratu , Mulyadi Andi , Sampurna Rizki Hegia
Published: July 2023

Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai merupakan sebuah program kebijakan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah dengan tujuan untuk membantu masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan program Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai yang ada di Kecamatan Warudoyong Kota Sukabumi. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan informan yang terdiri dari 5 orang yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi serta proses validasi data dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwasanya implementasi program BPNT di Kecamatan Warudoyong Kota Sukabumi dinilai dari empat indikator ketepatan berdasarkan teori Richard Matland sudah berjalan cukup baik, karena program kebijakan tersebut sudah bisa membantu masyarakat sesuai dengan tujuan program, selain itu dalam pelaksanaannya para aktor pelaksana sudah melakukan tugas dan perannya sesuai dengan Pedoman Umum BPNT, target kebijakan yaitu KPM telah memenuhi syarat dan kriteria penerima bantuan non tunai, kemudian hubungan antara para pelaksana kebijakan dengan masyarakat berjalan dengan baik melalui sosialisasi dan edukasi terkait program kebijakan.
Adaptation and validation of the social skills scale for intercultural primary school pupils
Authors: Aranda-Vega Eva María , Ortiz-Marcos José Manuel , Tomé-Fernández María
Published: July 2023

In recent decades, large migratory movements have been taking place, which has turned Spain into a culturally diverse country. For this reason, the present research focuses on social skills, which are considered of utmost importance in different educational contexts. To this end, the aim was to adapt and validate a scale to diagnose social skills in young people aged 6 to 12 years (M = 9.65 years; SD = 1.395). Of these, 460 (60.4%) were boys and 301 (39.60%) girls. For this purpose, a methodology is followed that involves the judgement of experts in the field, followed by an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and then a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The sample chosen for the study is made up of 1564 young people, Primary School students from different Andalusian localities that constitute border cities in the south of Spain, and which have a great cultural, ethnic and religious diversity that is reflected in their classrooms. The items of the scale were obtained from relevant questionnaires on the subject under study, initially containing 33 items and 6 underlying constructs. After validation of the AFE (n = 761), the structure is verified and the model is corroborated by CFA (n = 803) with structural equations (RMSEA = 0.04; CFI = 0.77; TLI = 0.73). Finally, the reliability and internal consistency of the instrument is examined, obtaining values above 0.6 for all dimensions. As a result, a new scale composed of 33 items and 5 dimensions is obtained, with psychometric properties that give it validity and reliability. In conclusion, we present a useful resource for teachers that allows them to diagnose the social skills of Primary School students in schools characterised by their great cultural diversity and among the peer group.
Construction of a circRNA– lincRNA–lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA ceRNA regulatory network identifies genes and pathways linked to goat fertility
Authors: Ghafouri Farzad , Sadeghi Mostafa , Bahrami Abolfazl , Naserkheil Masoumeh , Dehghanian Reyhan Vahid , Javanmard Arash , Miraei-Ashtiani Seyed Reza , Ghahremani Soheila , Barkema Herman W. , Abdollahi-Arpanahi Rostam , Kastelic John P.
Published: July 2023

Background: There is growing interest in the genetic improvement of fertility traits in female goats. With high-throughput genotyping, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful tool for measuring gene expression profiles. The primary objective was to investigate comparative transcriptome profiling of granulosa cells (GCs) of high- and low-fertility goats, using scRNA-seq.

Methods: Thirty samples from Ji’ning Gray goats (n = 15 for high fertility and n = 15 for low fertility) were retrieved from publicly available scRNA-seq data. Functional enrichment analysis and a literature mining approach were applied to explore modules and hub genes related to fertility. Then, interactions between types of RNAs identified were predicted, and the ceRNA regulatory network was constructed by integrating these interactions with other gene regulatory networks (GRNs).

Results and discussion: Comparative transcriptomics-related analyses identified 150 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high- and low-fertility groups, based on the fold change (≥5 and ≤−5) and false discovery rate (FDR <0.05). Among these genes, 80 were upregulated and 70 were downregulated. In addition, 81 mRNAs, 58 circRNAs, 8 lincRNAs, 19 lncRNAs, and 55 miRNAs were identified by literature mining. Furthermore, we identified 18 hub genes (SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, TIMP1, ERBB2, BMP15, TGFB1, MAPK3, CTNNB1, BMPR2, AMHR2, TGFBR2, BMP4, ESR1, BMPR1B, AR, and TGFB2) involved in goat fertility. Identified biological networks and modules were mainly associated with ovary signature pathways. In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis identified regulating pluripotency of stem cells, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, ovarian steroidogenesis, oocyte meiosis, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, parathyroid and growth hormone synthesis, cortisol synthesis and secretion, and signaling pathways for prolactin, TGF-beta, Hippo, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and FoxO. Functional annotation of identified DEGs implicated important biological pathways. These findings provided insights into the genetic basis of fertility in female goats and are an impetus to elucidate molecular ceRNA regulatory networks and functions of DEGs underlying ovarian follicular development.
A comprehensive analysis of biomarkers associated with synovitis and chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritis
Authors: Yang Ling , Yu Xueyuan , Liu Meng , Cao Yang
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease with high morbidity and disability rates whose molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study sought to identify OA markers associated with synovitis and cartilage apoptosis by bioinformatics analysis.

Methods

A total of five gene-expression profiles were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We combined the GEO with the GeneCards database and performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analyses; then, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to identify the characteristic genes, and a predictive risk score was established. We used the uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) method to identify subtypes of OA patients, while the CytoHubba algorithm and GOSemSim R package were used to screen out hub genes. Next, an immunological assessment was performed using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and CIBERSORTx.

Results

A total of 56OA-related differential genes were selected, and 10 characteristic genes were identified by the LASSO algorithm. OA samples were classified into cluster 1 and cluster 2 subtypes byUMAP, and the clustering results showed that the characteristic genes were significantly different between these groups. MYOC, CYP4B1, P2RY14, ADIPOQ, PLIN1, MFAP5, and LYVE1 were highly expressed in cluster 2, and ANKHLRC15, CEMIP, GPR88, CSN1S1, TAC1, and SPP1 were highly expressed in cluster 1. Protein–protein interaction network analysis showed that MMP9, COL1A, and IGF1 were high nodes, and the differential genes affected the IL-17 pathway and tumor necrosis factor pathway. The GOSemSim R package showed that ADIPOQ, COL1A, and SPP1 are closely related to the function of 31 hub genes. In addition, it was determined that mmp9 and Fos interact with multiple transcription factors, and the ssGSEA and CIBERSORTx algorithms revealed significant differences in immune infiltration between the two OA subtypes. Finally, a qPCR experiment was performed to explore the important genes in rat cartilage and synovium tissues; the qPCR results showed that COL1A and IL-17A were both highly expressed in synovitis tissues and cartilage tissues of OA rats, which is consistent with the predicted results.

Discussion

In the future, common therapeutic targets might be found forsimultaneous remissions of both phenotypes of OA.
Serum sodium levels associate with recovery of kidney function in immune checkpoint inhibitor nephrotoxicity
Authors: Tampe Désirée , Baier Eva , Hakroush Samy , Tampe Björn
Published: July 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are novel drugs targeting programmed cell death protein 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or its receptor (PD-1). Enhancing the immune system has also been associated with a wide range of immune-related adverse events (irAE). Among them, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a rare but deleterious irAE in the kidney. However, determinants of recovery and long-term kidney function after ICI withdrawal and steroid therapy thereafter remain elusive. Therefore, we here aimed to identify parameters associated with recovery of kidney function in this previous established cohort of AIN in the context of ICI therapy.

Methods

We here monitored kidney function over a mean follow-up time of 812 days in comparison with clinical, histopathological and laboratory parameters associated with recovery of kidney function after AIN related to ICI nephrotoxicity.

Results

Abundance of intrarenal PD-L1/PD-1 did not correlate with recovery of kidney function. Furthermore, cumulative steroid dose that was initiated for treatment of AIN related to ICI nephrotoxicity was also not associated with improvement of kidney function. Finally, chronic lesions in the kidney including glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) did not correlate with eGFR change during the follow-up time. However, we here identified that lower levels of serum sodium at time of kidney biopsy were the strongest independent predictor of renal recovery in ICI-related nephrotoxicity.

Conclusion

Because low serum sodium levels associated with better improvement of kidney function, these observations might contribute to novel approaches to enhance recovery after AIN related to ICI nephrotoxicity.
Relation between sleep disorders and post-stroke cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Xia Xiaoshuang , Zhang Ting , Zhang Chao , Liu Ran , Yang Yun , Liu Shuling , Li Xin , Yue Wei
Published: July 2023

Objective

To investigate the effects of sleep disorders on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and other factors affecting post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Methods

A total of 1,542 first-ever stroke inpatients in department of neurology of Tianjin Huanhu Hospital from 2015.6.1 to 2016.12.31. We recorded the personal history of patients. The MMSE (mini-mental state examination), MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), HAMD (Hamilton Depression Scale), BI (Barthel index), mRS (Modified Rankin Scale), PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), Berlin questionnaire, nocturnal TST (total sleep time) were assessed before discharge. All patients were followed up at 3 months, 6 months, and 4 years (2019–2020) after stroke. During follow-up, the above scales should be evaluated again to assess the sleep status and cognitive function of patients at that time.

Results

Nocturnal TST (>8 h) (OR 3.540, 95% CI 1.692–7.406, P = 0.001) was a risk factor for cognitive impairment 3 months after stroke. Nocturnal TST (<7 h) (OR 6.504, 95% CI 3.404–12.427, P < 0.001) was a risk factor for cognitive impairment 6 months after stroke. Low sleep quality (OR 2.079, 95% CI 1.177–3.672, P = 0.012), sleepiness (OR 3.988, 95% CI 1.804–8.818, P = 0.001), nocturnal TST (<7 h) (OR 11.334, 95% CI 6.365–20.183, P < 0.001), nocturnal TST (>8 h) (OR 4.096, 95% CI 1.682–9.975, P = 0.002) were risk factors for cognitive impairment 4 years after stroke. The prevalence of cognitive impairment with TIA were 79.3% at admission, 68.1% at 3-months follow-up, 62.1% at 6-months follow-up and 52.2% at 4-year follow-up.

Conclusion

Long or short nocturnal TST (<7 h or >8 h) was a risk factor for cognitive impairment after stroke (3 months, 6 months and 4 years). Poor sleep quality and sleepiness were shown to be risk factors for cognitive impairment at 4-year follow-up. Cognitive impairment was very common in patients with TIA.
Zika virus E protein modulates functions of human brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes: implications on blood-brain barrier properties
Authors: Kaur Guneet , Pant Pallavi , Bhagat Reshma , Seth Pankaj
Published: July 2023

Neurotropic viruses can cross the otherwise dynamically regulated blood-brain barrier (BBB) and affect the brain cells. Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped neurotropic Flavivirus known to cause severe neurological complications, such as encephalitis and fetal microcephaly. In the present study, we employed human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) and astrocytes derived from human progenitors to establish a physiologically relevant BBB model. We used this model to investigate the effects of ZIKV envelope (E) protein on properties of cells comprising the BBB. E protein is the principal viral protein involved in interaction with host cell surface receptors, facilitating the viral entry. Our findings show that the presence of ZIKV E protein leads to activation of both hBMECs and astrocytes. In hBMECs, we observed a decrease in the expression of crucial endothelial junction proteins such as ZO-1, Occludin and VE-Cadherin, which are vital in establishment and maintenance of the BBB. Consequently, the ZIKV E protein induced changes in BBB integrity and permeability. We also found upregulation of genes involved in leukocyte recruitment along with increased proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines upon exposure to E protein. Additionally, the E protein also led to astrogliosis, evident from the elevated expression of GFAP and Vimentin. Both cell types comprising the BBB exhibited inflammatory response upon exposure to E protein which may influence viral access into the central nervous system (CNS) and subsequent infection of other CNS cells. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the transient changes that occur at the site of BBB upon ZIKV infection.
A narrative review of psychiatric features of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome as conceptualized in the 20th century
Authors: Iverson Grant L. , Kissinger-Knox Alicia , Huebschmann Nathan A. , Castellani Rudolph J. , Gardner Andrew J.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Some ultra-high exposure boxers from the 20th century suffered from neurological problems characterized by slurred speech, personality changes (e.g., childishness or aggressiveness), and frank gait and coordination problems, with some noted to have progressive Parkinsonian-like signs. Varying degrees of cognitive impairment were also described, with some experiencing moderate to severe dementia. The onset of the neurological problems often began while they were young men and still actively fighting. More recently, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) has been proposed to be present in athletes who have a history of contact (e.g., soccer) and collision sport participation (e.g., American-style football). The characterization of TES has incorporated a much broader description than the neurological problems described in boxers from the 20th century. Some have considered TES to include depression, suicidality, anxiety, and substance abuse.

Purpose

We carefully re-examined the published clinical literature of boxing cases from the 20th century to determine whether there is evidence to support conceptualizing psychiatric problems as being diagnostic clinical features of TES.

Methods

We reviewed clinical descriptions from 155 current and former boxers described in 21 articles published between 1928 and 1999.

Results

More than one third of cases (34.8%) had a psychiatric, neuropsychiatric, or neurobehavioral problem described in their case histories. However, only 6.5% of the cases were described as primarily psychiatric or neuropsychiatric in nature. The percentages documented as having specific psychiatric problems were as follows: depression = 11.0%, suicidality = 0.6%, anxiety = 3.9%, anger control problems = 20.0%, paranoia/suspiciousness = 11.6%, and personality change = 25.2%.

Discussion

We conclude that depression, suicidality (i.e., suicidal ideation, intent, or planning), and anxiety were not considered to be clinical features of TES during the 20th century. The present review supports the decision of the consensus group to remove mood and anxiety disorders, and suicidality, from the new 2021 consensus core diagnostic criteria for TES. More research is needed to determine if anger dyscontrol is a core feature of TES with a clear clinicopathological association. The present findings, combined with a recently published large clinicopathological association study, suggest that mood and anxiety disorders are not characteristic of TES and they are not associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change.
Convolutional neural network based on photoplethysmography signals for sleep apnea syndrome detection
Authors: Jiang Xinge , Ren YongLian , Wu Hua , Li Yanxiu , Liu Feifei
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The current method of monitoring sleep disorders is complex, time-consuming, and uncomfortable, although it can provide scientifc guidance to ensure worldwide sleep quality. This study aims to seek a comfortable and convenient method for identifying sleep apnea syndrome.

Methods

In this work, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network model was established. To classify this condition, the model was trained with the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals of 20 healthy people and 39 sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) patients, and the influence of noise on the model was tested by anti-interference experiments.

Results and Discussion

The results showed that the accuracy of the model for SAS classifcation exceeds 90%, and it has some antiinterference ability. This paper provides a SAS detection method based on PPG signals, which is helpful for portable wearable detection.
A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of L-carnitine L-tartrate to modulate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Badaro Roberto , Barbosa Josiane Dantas Viana , de Araujo Neto Cesar Augusto , Machado Bruna Aparecida Souza , Soares Milena Botelho Pereira , de Senna Valter , Taddeo Marcelo , de Araújo Lila Teixeira , Durkee Shane , Donninger Raymond , Judge Kevin , Saiyed Zainulabedin
Published: July 2023

Introduction

L-carnitine (LC) has been associated with inflammatory mediator reduction and with downregulating the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, which is the target of SARS-CoV-2 attachment.

Methods

This pilot phase 2 randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial contained two cohorts. Cohort 1 comprised 101 individuals with negative RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results who cohabitated with an individual diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cohort 2 comprised 122 individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results who were asymptomatic or had mild COVID-19 pneumonia symptoms. Participants in each cohort were randomized 1:1 to receive either 2 g elemental oral LC supplementation or placebo daily for 21 days. Primary endpoints included adverse events, SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence in Cohort 1, and disease progressions in Cohort 2. Secondary endpoints included between-group laboratory profile comparisons and Cohort 2 ACE1/ACE2 plasma levels. Disease progression was compared between the Cohort 2 groups using chest computed tomography.

Results

In Cohort 1, two SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in each group. The common adverse events included headache, dyspnea, and tiredness. In Cohort 2, platelet counts were elevated, and fibrinogen levels reduced in the LC group compared with those of the placebo group.

Conclusion

Our study showed that LC was well-tolerated and suggests it modulates coagulation pathways. Furthermore, chest computed tomography images of the Cohort 2 LC group showed significant lung lesion improvement, suggesting that LC may slow COVID-19 progression.