bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mastering the puppets: Criteria for pulling the strings in an Alternate Reality Game
Authors: Lynch Ronan , Mallon Bride , Nolan Kieran
Published: May 2013

Alternate Reality Games (ARGs) are a kind of narrative game that use the real world as a platform to allow players and characters to interact via multimedia forms, enabling participants to alter a game’s progression. Boundaries between what is real and what is fictional are disguised,
as characters, controlled by game designers react to player input. Working collaboratively as digital detectives, players collate a fragmented narrative by deciphering codes and clues. Research found that the deliberate blurring of many defining game features creates a complex product. Moreover,
the number of ARG implosions (failures) is high. An empirical study, involving content analysis, examined players’ views on Unforum, the primary ARG discussion board. This analysis extracted evaluation criteria for judging ARGs, a selection of which are outlined in this article. These
criteria should help game creators, or puppetmasters (PMs) create and manage a quality ARG, thus producing greater numbers of successful games.
‘If you obey all the rules, you miss all the fun’: A study on the rules of guilds and clans in online games
Authors: Johansson Magnus
Published: May 2013

How groups create and sustain internal social order is a general topic of interest to researchers in game studies. In this field, most research has looked at social order processes during game play, while little attention has been directed at groups of players such as guilds in massively
multiplayer online games (MMOGs) or clans in first-person shooters (FPS) in between game sessions. Groups are not dissolved between gaming sessions, nor are all rules implicit. This article explores the way groups of players create and sustain order within their groups between games as well
as by using explicit norm declarations. Starting from the most common descriptions of rules in social and behavioural science literature this article analyses the public announcements in group forums of the rules, twenty guilds and ten clans playing either MMOGs or FPS games have published.
Not surprisingly, both genre and player motivation play a large role in the selection and creation of rules for guilds and clans. One of the most common types of behaviour addressed in the guild/clan rules, ‘griefing’, needs a more sophisticated analysis than used in previous game
research. Finally, a list of ‘game commandments’ that summarize the rule sets from both guilds and clans is presented. This article positions user-created rules as implicit rules made explicit and also indicates a need for a thorough investigation of how players make sense of their
social sphere online.
Once more with feeling: Performing the self in the work of Gillian Wearing, Kutluğ Ataman and Phil Collins
Authors: Fowler Catherine
Published: May 2013

This article argues for the recognition of a new trajectory of performance-on-video, using work by Gillian Wearing, Kutluğ Ataman and Phil Collins. In this trajectory the artist has disappeared behind the camera to be replaced by real, ordinary, amateur people. Given the contemporary
proliferation of recordings of ordinary people performing on reality television and on the Internet, this article asks what the act of artists recording ordinary people might now ‘mean’ to us, and, equally, how real people performing in video art might themselves ‘matter’.
Through close analyses of Wearing’s Confess all … Ataman’s Women Who Wear Wigs and Collins’s the world won’t listen we find that a different kind of participatory space is gained on-screen in which artist, performer and eventual gallery visitor are drawn together
through affective connections. Accordingly, the article concludes that in giving attention to this new trajectory of performance-on-video, what we ultimately discover are other ways of thinking about the act of recording that make faith in the subject possible once again.
Busby Berkeley, broken rhythms and dance direction on the stage and screen
Authors: Robbins Allison
Published: May 2013

On the 1920s revue stage, dance director Busby Berkeley created ‘broken’ chorus numbers in which dancers performed rhythms that contradicted the metrical structure of the musical arrangement. This musico-choreographic aesthetic was influential in the filming and editing
of Berkeley’s subsequent Hollywood musical numbers. I demonstrate how his numbers in Whoopee! (1930) retain characteristics from his stage routines and examine how those elements shaped the way he filmed and edited tap choreography in the distinctly cinematic numbers from 42nd Street
(1933) and Gold Diggers of 1935 (1935). Berkeley’s cinematography is notable not just for its innovative camera angles but for continuity editing initiated by movement and music.
Zur Ermittlung des finanziellen Wertes von Medien einer Universitätsbibliothek
Authors: Klauß Henning
Published: May 2013

In Bibliotheken ist die Angabe des Wertes der dort gesammelten Medien oftmals wichtig. Es wird hier ein dafür einsetzbares Verfahren erörtert, das einfach ist und arbeitssparend eingesetzt werden kann. Die Wertermittlung von Medien einer UB nimmt eine Summierung der durch degressive Abschreibung bestimmten Restwerte von Monographien und Zeitschriften vor. Aussonderungen werden an dieser Stelle der Abschreibung subsumiert. – Dieses Verfahren ist zwar an lokalen Gegebenheiten entwickelt, aber tauglich für Verallgemeinerungen; es ist mit Modifizierungen also in anderen Bibliotheken einsetzbar.
Impregnation of poplar wood (Populus euramericana) with methylolurea and sodium silicate sol and induction of in-situ gel polymerization by heating
Authors: Chen Heyu , Lang Qian , Bi Zeng , Miao Xinwei , Li Yu , Pu Junwen
Published: May 2013

Poplar wood (Populus euramericana cv. “I-214”) has been impregnated by pulse dipping at 0.7–0.8 MPa for 30 min with a mixture of methylolurea and sodium silicate, and the sol modifier has been cured within the wood micropores by in situ gel polymerization by kiln drying, so that a Si-O-Si framework was formed. The treated wood acquired higher mechanical strength and its hygroscopicity was lowered. It was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction that sodium silicate crystallized within the interfibrillar region of the cell wall. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed that reactions occurred between the wood-OH, Si-OH, and N-CH2-OH from methylolurea to form C-O-Si and C-O-C bonds. As visible by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Si-O-Si framework was embedded in the pretreated wood. Moreover, SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that the modifier formed layers from various thicknesses ranging from a thin layer on the cell walls up to big amounts filling the lumen.
Microstructural characteristics of SiC-B4C reinforced laser alloying composite coatings
Authors: Wei Li
Published: May 2013

A hard SiC-B4C reinforced composite coating was fabricated by laser alloying of SiC-B4C+Al-Sn-Mo-Y2O3 mixed powders on a Ti-3Al-2V alloy. Al-Sn-Mo mixed powders were first used in the laser alloying technique to improve the wear resistance of titanium alloys. Proper selection of the laser alloying process parameters allows us to obtain a composite coating with a metallurgical combination with substrate. Under the action of Mo, fine particles with high microhardness were produced in the coating matrix and also hindered the formation of adhesion patches and deep plowing grooves during the sliding wear process, leading to the improvement of wear resistance of a titanium alloy substrate surface.
Strain Measures for Transfer Function Approaches to Resonant Column Testing
Authors: Ashlock Jeramy C. , Drnevich Vincent P. , Pak Ronald Y. S.
Published: May 2013

This paper presents strain measures to accompany a recently developed transfer function approach for resonant column testing of soils using a free-free apparatus. Although a number of past studies have proposed the use of random excitation or transfer functions in various forms, the new approach is unique in that the transfer function does not involve the current or voltage from the electromagnetic drive system. Consequently, the approach eliminates the need for many device-dependent calibrations and properties, including the torque-current calibration factor, stiffness of the torsional spring connecting the active and passive beams, and mass moments of inertia for the active platen and active beam. A brief review is given of the frequency domain transfer function approach for determining the shear modulus and damping of soil and rock, and a new theoretical formulation is presented for the associated strains in the soil specimen in terms of the measured boundary motion. It is demonstrated that higher modes can possess zero arithmetic average strains; therefore, a root-mean-square strain is proposed and derived as an alternative strain metric that will be non-zero for any frequency at which a specimen is undergoing deformation. Excellent agreement is found between experimental data and the newly derived strain measures. The concepts presented herein are valid for use with harmonic or stepped-sine testing as well as broadband random excitation, whereby strains are obtained for a range of frequencies spanning multiple modes of vibration. The approach provides a rigorous theoretical model that accurately describes the physics of the experiment over a broad frequency range spanning multiple modes. Additionally, the modulus and damping can be arbitrary functions of the frequency parameter without a loss of generality in the theoretical formulation, enabling studies of frequency-dependent modulus and damping.
Comparison of In Situ and Laboratory Shear Wave Velocity Measurements in Compacted Backfill
Authors: Damm J. C. , Lewis M. R. , Stokoe K. H. , Moore D. P.
Published: May 2013

The construction of a new nuclear power plant requires an excavation over 27.4 m (90 ft) deep. The excavation is backfilled with compacted sandy soils. The power plant is embedded about 12.2 m (40 ft) below grade; thus bearing on about 15.2 m (50 ft) of compacted backfill. During licensing and design of the plant, the shear wave velocity profile of the proposed backfill was estimated using results from laboratory testing [combined resonant column and torsional shear (RCTS)] and in situ shear wave velocity measurements. RCTS tests were conducted on representative samples of potential borrow sources. In situ velocity measurements, which included spectral-analysis-of-surface waves (SASW) and cross-hole seismic testing methods, were conducted on a 6.1-m- (20-ft-) thick embedded test pad of the potential borrow. During construction of the production backfill, in situ shear wave velocity measurements, using SASW methods, were taken at four levels during backfill placement, spaced nominally 6.1 to 7.6 m (20 to 25 ft) apart. The fourth and final level of testing was conducted nominally at plant grade. Cross-hole seismic testing through the backfill was also conducted at this level. This paper compares the results of estimated values made during the licensing and design phases of the project, based primarily on laboratory test results, with in situ shear wave velocity measurements made during the actual construction. In particular, SASW results from the first two levels of backfill tested [about 7.6 and 15.2 m (25 and 50 ft) of backfill] are evaluated. Results from the final two test levels of backfill, along with results of cross-hole testing, were not available at this writing. The comparison of laboratory results and in situ testing provides good agreement. The assumptions made to develop the estimated values during the licensing phase are compared to the as-built measurements of shear wave velocity accounting for actual backfill materials and construction practices reflected in the in situ values.
»Eine ungeheuerliche Katastrophe, für die allein Hitler die Verantwortung trägt«. Vertrauliche Berichte des ungarischen Militär- und Luftfahrtattachés in Berlin, Vitéz Sándor Homlok, an den ungarischen königlichen Generalstabschef Ferenc Szombathelyi, 1942/43
Authors: Neitzel Sönke , Mago Laslo , Számvéber Norbert
Published: May 2013

Die bislang unbekannten Briefe des ungarischen Militär- und Luftfahrtattachés in Berlin Sándor Homlok an den ungarischen königlichen Generalstabschef Ferenc Szombathelyi zeigen in neuer Schärfe, wie sehr die Beziehung des Deutschen Reiches mit seinem Verbündeten Ungarn bereits vor der sowjetischen Winteroffensive 1942/43 von Konflikten und tiefem Misstrauen geprägt war. Der Bericht Homloks über sein Treffen mit Joachim Ribbentrop am 21. September 1942 verdeutlicht die Unfähigkeit des deutschen Außenministers, den ungarischen Attaché für sich einzunehmen und auf die Sorgen Budapests zumindest in symbolischer Weise einzugehen.

Homloks Briefe belegen zudem, dass er seiner Regierung ein einigermaßen zutreffendes Bild der operativen Lage auch über jene Fronten zeichnen konnte, an denen keine ungarischen Truppen eingesetzt waren. So war er etwa über den U-Boot-Krieg im Atlantik oder den Luftkrieg über Deutschland gut informiert. Er hatte auch Kenntnis von der massiven Kritik der Generalität an Hitlers Kriegführung und wusste von Plänen, den Diktator nach dem Stalingraddebakel durch eine Änderung der Spitzengliederung der Wehrmacht aus der operativen Kriegführung zu verdrängen. Bemerkenswerterweise erblickte er – reichlich realitätsfern – in dieser Führungskrise ein Vorspiel zu einer Militärdiktatur in Deutschland. Homlok bewertete die Gerüchte aus dem Führerhauptquartier somit vor einem spezifischen ungarischen Referenzrahmen und stieß in seinem Verständnis der inneren Verhältnisse des »Dritten Reiches« an kulturell determinierte Grenzen, die er nicht zu überschreiten vermochte.
Nachrichten aus der Forschung
Authors: Brunner Benedikt , Rees Joachim , Kriemann Hans-Peter , Drescher Veronika , Lenglachner Moritz , Höhn Friederike , du Roi Frédéric , Szelat Sebastian , Wehr Katharina
Published: May 2013

Benedikt Brunner

»Außenpolitik und Öffentlichkeit seit dem 19. Jahrhundert«. Tagung des Zentrums für Medien und Interaktivität Gießen und des Zentrums für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam, 2. bis 4. Februar 2012 in Gießen

Joachim Rees

»Treading the Border. Topographical Drawing, Military Sketching and Visual Espionage in Europe from the 16th to the 20th Century«. Internationales Arbeitsgespräch an der Freien Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften, Kunsthistorisches Institut, 3. Februar 2012 in Berlin

Hans-Peter Kriemann

»Lernorte in der militärgeschichtlichen Lehre«. 34. Dozentenkolloquium des Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamtes, 7. bis 11. Mai 2012 in Dresden

Veronika Drescher und Moritz Lenglachner

»Ich erklär dir den Krieg!« – Anlässe und Ausreden für bewaffnete Konflikte von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, Tagung der Karl-Franzens-Universität, 9. bis 11. Mai 2012 in Graz

Friederike Höhn

Neue Forschungen zum Zweiten Weltkrieg. Workshop des Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamtes, 10. bis 11. Mai 2012 in Potsdam

Frédéric du Roi

»Militär und Geschichtspolitik«. Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises »Politik und Geschichte« in der Deutschen Vereinigung für Politikwissenschaft (DVPW) in Kooperation mit dem Fachbereich Human- und Sozialwissenschaften an der Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr, 31. Mai bis 1. Juni 2012 in Hamburg

Sebastian Szelat und Katharina Wehr

»Militärgeschichtliche Editionen heute: Neue Anforderungen, alte Probleme?« Workshop des Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamtes, 1. bis 2. Juni 2012 in Potsdam
Etiology of Ethnic Differences in Childhood Spirometry
Authors: Strippoli Marie-Pierre Françoise , Kuehni Claudia Elisabeth , Dogaru Cristian Mihai , Spycher Ben Daniel , McNally Teresa , Silverman Michael , Beardsmore Caroline Sarah
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVES:

Age- and height-adjusted spirometric lung function of South Asian children is lower than those of white children. It is unclear whether this is purely genetic, or partly explained by the environment. In this study, we assessed whether cultural factors, socioeconomic status, intrauterine growth, environmental exposures, or a family and personal history of wheeze contribute to explaining the ethnic differences in spirometric lung function.

METHODS:

We studied children aged 9 to 14 years from a population-based cohort, including 1088 white children and 275 UK-born South Asians. Log-transformed spirometric data were analyzed using multiple linear regressions, adjusting for anthropometric factors. Five different additional models adjusted for (1) cultural factors, (2) indicators of socioeconomic status, (3) perinatal data reflecting intrauterine growth, (4) environmental exposures, and (5) personal and family history of wheeze.

RESULTS:

Height- and gender-adjusted forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1) were lower in South Asian than white children (relative difference –11% and –9% respectively, P < .001), but PEF and FEF50 were similar (P ≥ .5). FEV1/FVC was higher in South Asians (1.8%, P < .001). These differences remained largely unchanged in all 5 alternative models.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study confirmed important differences in lung volumes between South Asian and white children. These were not attenuated after adjustment for cultural and socioeconomic factors and intrauterine growth, neither were they explained by differences in environmental exposures nor a personal or family history of wheeze. This suggests that differences in lung function may be mainly genetic in origin. The implication is that ethnicity-specific predicted values remain important specifically for South Asian children.
Providing Care for Children and Adolescents Facing Homelessness and Housing Insecurity
Authors:   COUNCIL ON COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS, Briggs Melissa A. , Granado-Villar Deise C. , Gitterman Benjamin A. , Brown Jeffrey M. , Chilton Lance A. , Cotton William H. , Gambon Thresia B. , Gorski Peter A. , Kraft Colleen A. , Kuo Alice A. , Paz-Soldan Gonzalo J. , Zind Barbara
Published: May 2013

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed October 2016 and February 2022.

Child health and housing security are closely intertwined, and children without homes are more likely to suffer from chronic disease, hunger, and malnutrition than are children with homes. Homeless children and youth often have significant psychosocial development issues, and their education is frequently interrupted. Given the overall effects that homelessness can have on a child’s health and potential, it is important for pediatricians to recognize the factors that lead to homelessness, understand the ways that homelessness and its causes can lead to poor health outcomes, and when possible, help children and families mitigate some of the effects of homelessness. Through practice change, partnership with community resources, awareness, and advocacy, pediatricians can help optimize the health and well-being of children affected by homelessness.
Low Voltage Tunable One Dimensional Photonic Crystal with Large Air Defects
Authors: Yi Yasha , Bermel Peter , Wada Kazumi , Duan Xiaoman , Joannopoulos John D. , Kimerling Lionel C.
Published: May 2013

A one-dimensional Si/SiO2 photonic crystal with a large, tunable air defect cavity is fabricated. Multiple resonant modes are observed within the photonic band gap. The free spectral range (FSR) is large compared to other resonant structures, with more than 100nm bandwidth. Simultaneous low voltage tuning around two telecom wavelengths, 1.55μm and 1.3μm, is realized using electrostatic force. The whole process is at low temperature and can be CMOS compatible. Potential applications include switching, modulation, and wavelength conversion devices, particularly WDM devices.
Impact of Bone Quality and Implant Type on the Primary Stability: An Experimental Study Using Bovine Bone
Authors: Anil Sukumaran , Aldosari Abdullah Alfarraj
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the primary stability and removal torque of bone level and tissue level implants in different bone qualities. Twenty tissue level and bone level implants (3.3 × 10 mm and 4.1 × 10 mm) were used for assessing the stability in type II and type IV bone. Forty bovine rib blocks were used in this study. The primary stability of the implant was measured by the resonance frequency using an Osstel device. The removal torque values (RTV) of the implants was assessed using a digital torque gauge instrument. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) values and the RTV showed a marginally higher stability with bone level implants as compared to tissue level implants. However, these differences were not statistically significant in both type of bone used (P > 0.05). On the other hand, compared to type IV, type II bone showed significant differences in the ISQ (P < 0.01) and RTV (P < 0.001) of bone level and tissue level implants. The study concluded that bone quality is an important factor in establishing primary stability than the implant dimension. Bone level and tissue level implants of same dimensions can be selected based on the esthetic demands since they showed similar mechanical properties.
Effectiveness of Primary Prevention Efforts for Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Whitaker Daniel J. , Murphy Christopher M. , Eckhardt Christopher I. , Hodges Amanda E. , Cowart Melissa
Published: May 2013

This article presents a systematic review of intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention studies. Using electronic databases and standard search methods, 19 studies met inclusion criteria for the review. These studies targeted partner violence victimization and/or perpetration, included a comparison or control group, and measured IPV behavior or outcomes involving knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, or other constructs related to IPV. Fifteen of the studies used randomized designs, and 9 studies were identified that used rigorous methods (randomized designs, measurement of IPV behavior, sufficient follow-up, independent assessors). Four of the 9 studies were school-based studies conducted in middle or high schools. Only 1 of those found an unqualified positive impact on IPV behavior; another found an IPV preventive effect for boys only. Five of the 9 studies were conducted in community settings, including 2 that worked with couples, 2 that provided group-based interventions set in the community, and 1 that worked with parents to promote dating violence prevention with their teenage children. All 5 of the community-based studies reported positive impact on IPV behavior. Although there are some encouraging findings in the literature, gaps remain. No programs have been replicated, and although there would appear to be a great deal of overlap in program content, there is no analysis examining key components of program effectiveness.
The Effectiveness of Intervention Programs for Perpetrators and Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Eckhardt Christopher I. , Murphy Christopher M. , Whitaker Daniel J. , Sprunger Joel , Dykstra Rita , Woodard Kim
Published: May 2013

In this review, we provide a descriptive and detailed review of intervention programs for intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators and survivor-victims. Given the extensive personal, interpersonal, and societal costs associated with IPV, it is essential that services being offered by the criminal justice, mental health, and medical communities have requisite empirical support to justify their implementation. The review involved a detailed summary of all studies published since 1990 using randomized or quasi-experimental designs that compared an active intervention program to a relevant comparison condition. These studies included 20 studies investigating the effectiveness of “traditional” forms of batterer intervention programs (BIPs) aimed at perpetrators of IPV, 10 studies that investigated the effectiveness of alternative formats of BIPs, 16 studies of brief intervention programs for IPV victim-survivors, and 15 studies of more extended intervention programs for IPV victim-survivors. Interventions for perpetrators showed equivocal results regarding their ability to lower the risk of IPV, and available studies had many methodological flaws. More recent investigations of novel programs with alternative content have shown promising results. Among interventions for victim-survivors of IPV, a range of therapeutic approaches have been shown to produce enhancements in emotional functioning, with the strongest support for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches in reducing negative symptomatic effects of IPV. Supportive advocacy in community settings has been shown to reduce the frequency of revictimization relative to no-treatment controls, although rates of revictimization remain alarmingly high in these studies. Brief interventions for victim-survivors have had more complex and less consistently positive effects. Several studies have found significant increases in safety behaviors, but enhanced use of community resources is often not found. It remains unclear whether brief safety interventions produce longer term reduction in IPV revictimization. Discussion summarizes the general state of knowledge on interventions for IPV perpetrators and victim-survivors and important areas for future research.
Partner Abuse Prevention Education: An Integrative Approach to Program Development and Evaluation
Authors: Murphy Kylie A.
Published: May 2013

Evidence linking emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral factors to partner abuse suggests that relationship education programs targeting these risk factors in youth might minimize harmful outcomes. In this article, it is argued that such programs are important but need to be evaluated for their effect on both the hypothesized risk factors and the critical interactional tendencies of individuals that can feed high-risk relationship dynamics. The dyadic slippery-slope model is proposed as a theoretical framework to guide educators and researchers in developing and evaluating partner abuse prevention education (PAPE) programs for specific groups of young people. The approach described takes a broader view of the aims of PAPE than approaches aimed at reducing particular physical acts. This approach, if adopted, has the potential to produce more constructive findings for advancing PAPE than traditional risk factor and evaluation research is capable of.
Ancient water robotics and Abou-l Iz Al-Jazari
Authors: Şen Zekâi
Published: May 2013

Although water resources have been developed throughout the centuries for the service of different civilizations, at different scales and in different regions, their use in automation has been conceived only recently. Research into the history of water from an automation point of view has led to some unknown or hidden facts. Starting from the ancient Greek period before the prophet Christ and after about the 12th century, many researchers tried to make use of water power for working some simple but effective devices for the service of mankind. Among these are the haulage of water from a lower level to a higher elevation by water wheels in order to irrigate agricultural land. Hero during the Hellenistic period and Vitruvius of the Roman Empire were among the first who tried to make use of water power for use in different human activities, such as water haulage, watermills, water clocks, etc. The highlights of these works were achieved by a 12th century Muslim researcher, Abou-l Iz Al-Jazari, who lived in the southeastern part of modern day Turkey. He reviewed all the previous work from different civilizations and then suggested his own designs and devices for the use of water power in automation of excellent types. He even combined animals and water power through early designs of valves, pistons, cylinders and crank mills, as will be explained in this paper. His works were revealed by German historians and engineers in the first quarter of the 19th century. Later, an English engineer translated his book from Arabic into English, revealing the guidelines for modern automation and robotic designs originating from the 12th century. This paper gives a brief summary of the early workers' devices and Abou-l Iz Al-Jazari's much more developed designs with his original hand-drawn pictures.
The Sacred Almone River of the Appian Way Regional Park in Rome: ancient myths, a ritual link between Rome and Asia Minor and water uses in the modern age
Authors: Tallini M. , Di Leo A. , Rossetti C. , Berardi F.
Published: May 2013

Although the Almone River, which runs for 6 km between the Roman Via Latina and Via Appia, inside the present Appian Way Regional Park, is a short tributary of the Tiber River, it played a crucial role among the cults for protection of the ancient city of Rome: the rite of lavatio (a ritual washing) of the lithic symbol of the Great Mother-Cybele goddess from Pessinus (the present village of Ballihisar, southwest of Ankara, Turkey) in the cold and fast-flowing water of the Almone River. In later times, the Almone River lost its sacrality and its flowing water got a new useful and hydraulic meaning. So it deeply characterised the local area and human settlements, enhancing their artisanal potential, especially in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and in part until the 20th century. The river area has records of water mills and ‘valche’ (from the Longobard word walkan, rolling), i.e. wool-fulling mills. One of the latter (converted into a paper mill in the early 20th century) has been restored and is now used as the headquarters and visitors' centre of the Appian Way Regional Park, of which the Almone is one of the key attractions for its tourist, natural, historical and cultural value.
PTSD Symptoms Mediate the Effect of Attachment on Pain and Somatisation after Whiplash Injury
Authors: Andersen Tonny Elmose , Elklit Ask , Brink Ole
Published: May 2013

Introduction:

The development of persistent pain post-whiplash injury is still an unresolved mystery despite the fact that approximately 50% of individuals reporting whiplash develop persistent pain. There is agreement that high initial pain and PTSD symptoms are indicators of a poor prognosis after whiplash injury. Recently attachment insecurity has been proposed as a vulnerability factor for both pain and PTSD. In order to guide treatment it is important to examine possible mechanisms which may cause persistent pain and medically unexplained symptoms after a whiplash injury.

Aim:

The present study examines attachment insecurity and PTSD symptoms as possible vulnerability factors in relation to high levels of pain and somatisation after sub-acute whiplash injury.

Methods:

Data were collected from 327 patients (women = 204) referred consecutively to the emergency unit after acute whiplash injury. Within 1-month post injury, patients answered a questionnaire regarding attachment insecurity, pain, somatisation, and PTSD symptoms. Multiple mediation analyses were performed to assess whether the PTSD symptom clusters mediated the association between attachment insecurity, pain, and somatisation.

Results:

A total of 15% fulfilled the DSM-IV symptom cluster criteria for a possible PTSD diagnosis and 11.6% fulfilled the criteria for somatisation. PTSD increased the likelihood of belonging to the moderate-severe pain group three-fold. In relation to somatisation the likelihood of belonging to the group was almost increased four-fold. The PTSD symptom clusters of avoidance and hyperarousal mediated the association between the attachment dimensions, pain, and somatisation.

Conclusion:

Acknowledging that PTSD is part of the aetiology involved in explaining persistent symptoms after whiplash, may help sufferers to gain early and more suited treatment, which in turn may prevent the condition from becoming chronic.
Toward an Understanding of Tropical Cyclone Formation with a Nonhydrostatic, Mesoscale-Convection-Resolving Model§
Authors: Yamasaki Masanori
Published: May 2013

This paper describes results from numerical experiments which have been made toward a better understanding
of tropical cyclone formation. This study uses a nonhydrostatic version of the author’s mesoscale-convection-resolving
model that was developed in the 1980s to improve paramerization schemes of moist convection. In this study the
horizontal grid size is taken to be 20 km in an area of 6,000 km x 3,000 km, and a non-uniform coarse grid is used in two
areas to its north and south.

Results from two numerical experiments are presented; one (case 1) without any environmental flow, and the other (case
2) with an easterly flow without low-level vertical shear. Three circular buoyancy perturbations are placed in the west-east
direction at the initial time. Convection is initiated in the imposed latently unstable (positive CAPE) area. In both cases, a
vortex with a pressure low is formed, and two band-shaped convective systems are formed to the north and the south of
the vortex center. The vortex and two convective systems are oriented in the westsouthwest – eastnortheast direction, and
their horizontal scales are nearly 2,000 km.

In case 1, the band-shaped convective system on the southern side is stronger, and winds are stronger just to its south. In
contrast, in case 2, the northern convective system is stronger, and winds are stronger just to its north. Therefore, the
distributions of the equivalent potential temperature in the boundary layer and latent instability (positive buoyancy of the
rising air) are also quite different between cases 1 and 2. The TC formation processes in these different cases are
discussed, with an emphasis on the importance of examining the time change of latent instability field.
Immobilization of chemically modified horse radish peroxidase within activated alginate beads
Authors: Spasojevic Dragica , Prokopijevic Milos , Prodanovic Olivera , Pirtea Marilen , Radotic Ksenija , Prodanovic Radivoje
Published: May 2013

Immobilization of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) within alginate beads was
improved by chemical modification of the enzyme and polysaccharide chains.
HRP and alginate were oxidized by periodate and subsequently modified with
ethylenediamine. Highest specific activity of 0.43 U/ml of gel and 81 % of
bound enzyme activity was obtained using aminated HRP and alginate oxidized
by periodate. Immobilized enzyme retained 75 % of original activity after 2
days of incubation in 80 % (v/v) dioxane and had increased activity at basic
pH values compared to native enzyme. During repeated use in batch reactor for
pyrogallol oxidation immobilized peroxidase retained 75 % of original
activity.
Comparative study of a small size wind generation system efficiency for battery charging
Authors: Mayouf Messaoud , Abdessemed Rachid
Published: May 2013

This paper presents an energetic comparison between two control strategies of
a small size wind generation system for battery charging. The output voltage
of the direct drive PMSG is connected to the battery through a switch mode
rectifier. A DC-DC boost converter is used to regulate the battery bank
current in order to achieve maximum power from the wind. A maximum
powertracking algorithm calculates the current command that corresponds to
maximum power output of the turbine. The DC-DC converter uses this current to
calculate the duty cycle witch is necessary to control the pulse width
modulated (PWM) active switching device (IGPT). The system overview and
modeling are presented including characteristics of wind turbine, generator,
batteries, power converter, control system, and supervisory system. A
simulation of the system is performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
The Czech Republic in FP7: Low participation with high collaborative excellence
Authors: Albrecht Vladimír
Published: May 2013

The Framework Programmes for research and technological development (FPs) are very important instruments fostering the growth of the European Union’s potential needed to achieve breakthrough solutions to urgent and difficult problems that are unlikely to be properly tackled at the level of individual national research and development systems. The FPs mainly support projects with considerable “European added value” that stem from transnational collaboration in research, development, and innovation (R&D&I). However, attempts to measure the collaboration [1, 8] are still rather rare and usually based on analysing project results. This article deals with a simple index [2, 3], which might be interpreted as representing the value of “collaborative potential” of EU member countries. Namely, for each given country the index quantifies the ability of its teams to collaborate in transnational consortia with teams from the most prestigious European scientific institutions. Since the “standard” indicators used in FP assessment characterize the participation of member countries in FP7 rather than quantitatively analyse their collaboration [4, 1], the proposed index should complement the usual studies focused on analysing per country participation in FP7. This article confirms the low participation of Czech (CZ) teams in FP7, which was discussed in many previous studies. However, we want to argue that the participating CZ teams collaborate with teams from premier European institutions more intensively than teams from many other member countries.
The Formation of the Genre System on Norwegian Broadcast Radio
Authors: Vagle Wenche
Published: May 2013

This article deals with the formation and first development of the radio genre system in Norway in the interwar years (1925-1940). It is shown that the programmes of the 1920s were mostly imperfect reproductions of existent cultural forms. Yet, a beginning modernization of the genre repertoire took place in the 1930s. Whereas the rudimentary genre repertoire of the 1920s was built up through a plain copying from other domains in society, the latter half of the 1930s saw the introduction of a more advanced genre-generating process whereby new genres were formed through a mixing of two or more existing norms. This article also identifies a number of developmental trends that had their slow start in the 1920s and would mark the evolution of Norwegian radio’s registers and genres ever since.
The loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid diagnosis of Babesia canis canis infections in dogs
Authors: Adaszek Ł. , Jankowska M. , Kalinowski M. , Banach T. , Wułupek D. , Winiarczyk S.
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study was to use a rapid and easy DNA-based test, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), for diagnosis of Babesia canis canis infections in dogs. 10 DNA samples of 18S RNA-A and 10 DNA samples of 18S RNA-B of B. canis canis were used in the study. LAMP method could successfully detect DNA in all examined samples down to 0.1 pg dilution. Obtained results suggest that this method has high specificity and sensitivity and can be applied in analytical laboratories in diagnosis of canine babesiosis.
History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites
Authors: Renzetti Giacomo
Published: May 2013

An annotated guide to navigate the intricate history of the attempts to measure the Lense-Thirring orbital precessions with artificial satellites is offered to the reader.
The hydrogen atom confined in both Debye screening potential and impenetrable spherical box
Authors: Kang Shuai , Yang You-Chang , He Juan , Xiong Fei-Qiao , Xu Ning
Published: May 2013

The ground state energy, some low-lying excited state energies and oscillator strengths for a hydrogen atom confined in both a Debye screening potential and finite impenetrable spherical box have been calculated. These have been calculated using a linear variational method based on B-spline basis functions. The results have been compared with those of other authors. The evaluated energies and oscillator strengths with respect to different plasma screening parameters with a certain confinement radii are discussed.
An expansion formula for fractional derivatives of variable order
Authors: Atanackovic Teodor , Janev Marko , Pilipovic Stevan , Zorica Dusan
Published: May 2013

In this work we extend our previous results and derive an expansion formula for fractional derivatives of variable order. The formula is used to determine fractional derivatives of variable order of two elementary functions. Also we propose a constitutive equation describing a solidifying material and determine the corresponding stress relaxation function.
Fatal bupivacaine overdose through intrathecally positioned epidural catheter
Authors: Davies Forsman Lina , Öström Mats , Svanström Mikael , Eriksson Anders
Published: May 2013

We describe a fatality due to an intrathecally positioned epidural catheter and an infusion rate of bupivacaine set 10 times higher than planned. The undetected misplacement, despite safety routines, is discussed along with the toxicological findings and new information on the intrathecal distribution of bupivacaine. From a clinical point of view, the human factor, in combination with an indistinct decimal point on the pump, was considered as the reason for the unfortunate overdose. In continuous epidural infusion of local anesthetics, the importance of guidelines and informed staff in managing complications of epidural lumbar infusion as well as careful monitoring of the vital functions is essential. Guidelines are also vital during the procedure of insertion of epidural catheters. When using combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia, we believe that an epidural catheter should be inserted, and its position tested, prior to spinal anesthesia. The case also illustrates the need of innovative investigation techniques to confirm the suspicion of unusual manifestations of inadvertent drug effects. Segmental analysis, together with analyses in a control case, enabled us to elucidate the high and varying tissue concentrations in the central nervous system.
Chemical Properties of Zwitterionic Imidazolium Alkanecarboxylates Studied in Gas-Phase by Electrospray Ionization – Collision-Induced Dissociation / Cviterjonu Tipa Imidazolija Alkānkarboksilātu Ķīmiskās Īpašības Gāzes Fāzē, Kas Pētītas Ar Elektroizsmidzināšanas Jonizāciju – Sadursmju Inducēto Disociāciju
Authors: Podjava A. , Mekss P. , Zicmanis A. , Krasnov S.
Published: May 2013

Gas-phase chemical properties of several (1-methylimidazol-3-io)-alkane-1-carboxylates (alkane=ethane, propane and butane) have been investigated in this study. These substances are synthesized using classical transformations and analyzed in positive ionization mode using collision-induced dissociation (0-50 eV). These experiments were carried out in both deuterated and undeuterated solvent media. The data obtained in this study show, that carboxylate group weakly influences fragmentation of zwitterionic imidazolium carboxylates in positive electrospray mode. On the other hand, these compounds exert a tendency to form various adducts with sodium and potassium ions and to participate in hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the gas phase.
Characteristics and Properties of Soda Lignin Obtained from Aspen Wood By-Products
Authors: Livča S. , Verovkins A. , Shulga G. , Neiberte B. , Vitolina S.
Published: May 2013

In the work, soda lignin was obtained under laboratory alkaline delignification conditions from aspen sawdust. The chemical composition and the surface-active properties of this lignin in aqueous solutions were studied. The high indices of Klason lignin and the content of methoxyl groups indicated the insignificant presence of non-lignin admixtures, including lignocarbohydrate complexes, in the purified lignin. It was shown that aspen lignin was a surface active substance, the surface activity of which at the water-air interface grew with falling the solution рН values. Simultaneously, with decreasing рН, the particle sizes of aspen lignin in the aqueous solutions increased, but zeta potential of the lignin particles had the tendency to decrease.
Solving Environmental Problems with Latvian Clay-Based Sorbents
Authors: Lakevičs V. , Brovkina J. , Stepanova V. , Dušenkova I. , Ozoliņš J. , Šuļga G. , Bērziņa-Cimdiņa L.
Published: May 2013

Currently there is an increasing interest in application of natural clay minerals in production of various products, including sorbents for waste water treatment. For practical application of clay as a sorbent, it is significant not only to establish its properties, but also to be able to modify them. Only during the last twenty years, an increasing effort has been directed to systematic studies of clay sorption properties. A special attention has been devoted to improvement of clay sorption properties, which could allow to scientifically develop various sorbents for collection of oil products, such as oil spills from water surface, water processing and cleaning of waste waters from heavy metal ions, organic and inorganic admixtures, etc.

In this study, surface properties of Latvian Triassic (Vadakste deposit) smectite-containing clay samples were examined, in order to develop cheap, clay-based sorbents of high quality. Using sedimentation method, the granulometric composition of natural clay samples was determined. Surface morphology of the obtained samples was studied by using scanning electron microscopy. Sorption properties of natural Vadakste deposit clay samples were modified by thermal treatment, as well as by adding a natural modifier based on hemicellulose and lignin (HLS). This type of clay modification has almost never been used in practice. Optimal thermal treatment conditions and HLS modification conditions were determined for the natural clay samples. It was found that water absorption decreased with increasing the thermal treatment temperature from 300 to 500 and 800 °C, however silicone oil and rapeseed oil absorption doubled at the same time. After adding HLS to clays within the range of 0.053% to 0.13%, both water and oil absorption doubled. The ability of natural and modified clay samples to adsorb copper and zinc ions from the corresponding salt solutions was investigated. The obtained results proved that the developed clay-based sorbent granules can be used for removal of copper and zinc ions from waste water, for collection of oil and oily substances; and as a cheap, environmentally safe pet litter.
Collective self-reliance: A portrait of a Yugoslav development strategy
Authors: Pierzyńska Justyna
Published: May 2013

Collective self-reliance is an interesting, nowadays forgotten development
strategy that was popular between the 1950s and 1970s, particularly
among the newly independent states of the “Third World”. It was widely
discussed in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s by Yugoslav researchers,
among others. This paper aims to examine Yugoslav ideas on collective
self-reliance from a historical perspective on the basis of original works
from the time. It presents a brief history of the idea and its resonance in the
non-aligned world, contemporary criticism, as well as political, economic
and spatial dimensions of the strategy and the means by which it aims
to achieve the goal of an economically independent, sovereign “Third
World region”. A summary of basic contrasts between two interpretations
of collective self-reliance is given to illustrate the specifics of the Yugoslav
approach. This developed strategy serves as a theoretical impulse to
reintroduce the ideas of south-south cooperation to the development
discourse.
On infinitesimal conformal transformations with respect to the Cheeger-Gromoll metric
Authors: Gezer Aydin , Bilen Lokman
Published: May 2013

The present paper deals with the classification of infinitesimal fibre-preserving conformal transformations on the tangent bundle, equipped with the Cheeger-Gromoll metric
Tubular Surfaces Around Timelike Biharmonic Curves in Lorentzian Heisenberg Group Heis3
Authors: Körpinar Talat , Turhan Essin
Published: May 2013

In this paper, we describe a new method for constructing a tubular surface surrounding a timelike biharmonic curve in the Lorentzian Heisenberg group Heis3. Firstly, we characterize timelike biharmonic curves in terms of their curvature and torsion. Also, by using timelike biharmonic curves, we give explicit parametrizations of tubular surfaces in the Lorentzian Heisenberg group Heis3.