bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary data from the local registry of periprosthetic hip infection at the National Ilizarov Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopaedics
Authors: Burtsev Alexander V. , Tryapichnikov Aleksandr S. , Ermakov Artem M. , Silant’eva Tamara A. , Rozhkov Nikita I. , Dyatlova Irina M.
Published: May 2024

Background. Obtaining accurate data on the epidemiology of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip in the Russian Federation is a challenging task, which is associated with the peculiarities of statistical registration of complications and the lack of approved routing schemes.
The aim of the study — to provide the results of primary analysis of the data from the local registry of hip periprosthetic infection, which reflects all the treatment cases from 01.01.2020 to 31.12.2020.
Methods. Since 2021, the Center has been working on retrospective input of the data on patients PJI of the hip treated at the clinic into the electronic version of the registry. The information was collected by studying archived medical records and a medical information system, by examining patients in the outpatient clinic, and by interviewing patients via mobile phone and e-mail. During the period, we treated 449 patients with hip periprosthetic infection. The mean patients’ age was 55.6±12.6 years (Ме — 57; 95% CI: 54.4-56.8). Male patients accounted for 61.6% (n = 277).
Results. We were able to evaluate the treatment results in 84% (n = 377) of patients. The mean follow-up period was 5.92±2.55 years (Me — 6; 95% CI: 2.39-2.73). In more than 90% (n = 407) of cases, the infection was classified as chronic (more than 3 weeks of manifestation). At the admission 76,8% (n = 345) of patients had a fistula communicating with the joint cavity. The percentage of lethal outcomes due to sepsis was 1,7% (8/449); recurrences of hip PJI was observed in 6.2% (28/ 449) of cases. Resolution of infection has been achieved in 67% (300/449) of cases.
Conclusions. The primary analysis of the data from the local registry of hip periprosthetic infection of the national Ilizarov Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics showed that the average age of patients with hip PJI in our country is significantly lower than in the known national registries. At the same time, the infectious agents were similar: Gram-positive microorganisms accounted for more than 55%. The analysis of the registry data shows a significant decrease in the PJI recurrence rate over the last 5 years.
The pedagogical support system for students working at school
Authors: Tumasheva O. V. , Shashkina M. B.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The acute shortage of young teachers currently observed in Russia is of particular interest to students who have already started working in the education field during their studies. The search for ways to support and prevent potential difficulties for such students is the subject of discussion. Aim. The aim of the study is to explore potential strategies to assist students from pedagogical universities who are working in schools while mastering the basic professional educational programme. Methodology and research methods were based on systemic, activity-based, and personality-oriented approaches. Theoretical (analysis and author’s interpretation of psychological and pedagogical literature on the problem of accompanying higher education students, systematisation, and generalisation of scientific research results) and empirical (questionnaires, interviews, analysis and interpretation of results, pedagogical modelling) methods were used. Results and scientific novelty. The study presents a proven pedagogical system that considers the full cycle of support aimed at identifying the challenges faced by working students, determining the main directions of targeted support, implementing it, and fostering the development of students in educational and professional activities. The content and format of the subjects’ activities at each stage of support are described: preparation, correction, enrichment, reflection. The dyads “student-teacher” and “young teacher-teacher-mentor” are combined to address the shared goal of offering comprehensive support. Practical significance. The developed model of support for students at a pedagogical university who are working at schools can be implemented in the training of future teachers at the university and in the educational institutions where the students are employed.
Assessment of students’ critical thinking maturity in the process of teaching philosophy
Authors: Pavlovskij A. I. , Pavlovskaya O. V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Developing critical thinking is one of the primary objectives of modern education. From the authors’ perspective, both the method and the content of the discipline, especially philosophy, have historically evolved through dialogue within the intellectual tradition of the era, which is valuable for fostering critical thinking. Aim. The study aimed to develop and test a methodology for assessing the role of philosophy in shaping critical thinking, considering its expertise, knowledge, and skills. Methodology and research methods. The development of critical thinking was assessed during the analysis of the philosophical text. Prior to the test, it is worth noting that the authors conducted an expert assessment of the text, which later served as a reference assessment, and developed a grading scale. Gradually, examples of typical student errors were added to the scale, facilitating further assessment. Results. Nearly all students were able to summarise the provided text by the end of the course, although with varying degrees of distortion. At the beginning of the course, approximately one-tenth of the students were unable to do it, indicating that the understanding and interpretation of a text was beyond their ability. The absence of dynamics in all three skills indicates that a student has not developed a critical thinking mindset if their results are low. Among the students, the weak and average ones exhibit the most significant overall improvement (16–20% of the class enhance their performance across all criteria). The test revealed tender points in the student’s critical thinking development: a feeble argument assessment skill and a poor understanding of the voice behind the text. Scientific novelty. The proposed assessment methodology enables the connection of texts to assess the development of critical thinking with philosophical objectivity. Practical significance. This work provides a convenient tool for monitoring critical thinking skills in each student. Measuring critical thinking skills through students’ written works may help track individual accomplishments of the learners and indicate areas of growth in the course taught.
21. YÜZYILDA TÜRKİYE'NİN KÜRESEL ENERJİ JEOPOLİTİĞİ: VERİMLİLİK ANALİZİ VE POLİTİKA ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: Telli Resul , Kanuşağı İlhan
Published: May 2024

Türkiye 21. yy’ da başta Ortadoğu ülkeleri olmak üzere, Orta Asya, Kafkaslar ve Afrika ülkeleri ile oldukça dikkat çekici ilişkiler geliştirmiştir. Bu çalışma Türkiye, AB ülkeleri, Ortadoğu ülkeleri ve Türk devletlerinde enerji sektörünün toplam faktör verimlilik analizini yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Analiz kapsamında 36 ülke için veriler Malmquist İndeksi (MI) ile analiz edilmiştir. MI hesaplamalarında teknik etkinlik değişim (TED) değerinde 7, teknolojik değişim (TD) değerinde 30, toplam faktör verimlilik endeksi (TFVE) değerinde ise toplamda 22 ülke “1” skorunun üzerinde hesaplanmıştır. TFVD>1 olan ülkeler Danimarka, Kıbrıs, Yunanistan, Malta, İtalya, İrlanda, Lüksemburg, Fransa, Hollanda, Almanya, Türkiye, Estonya, Litvanya, Polonya, Katar, Slovakya, Çekya, Belçika, Portekiz, Hırvatistan, Suudi Arabistan ve Azerbaycan’dır. Çalışma, Türkiye’nin enerji sektöründe etkin üretim çizgisini yukarı taşıdığını ve TED skoruna göre enerji sektöründe yönetsel kapasitesini artıracak ve kaynak israfını önleyecek politikalar geliştirmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca TED’de Yunanistan ve TD’de Danimarka en yüksek skor elde etmişlerdir. Çalışma sonucuna göre TFVE azalan ülkeler sıralanarak bu ülkeler için politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir.
Predicting Thrombotic Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Using Bleeding Time: Look at the Platelet
Authors: Greenwald Maria , Ball JoAnn , Garcia Denise
Published: May 2024

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is associated with an elevated risk of thrombosis, which contributes to increased major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in individuals with RA aged over 50, as compared to the general population. This increased thrombotic risk is thought to be due to systemic inflammation leading to platelet dysfunction. Additionally, certain RA treatments have been associated with an increased risk of clot formation. We proposed the hypothesis that a shortened bleeding time measurement could serve as an identifying marker for individuals at risk of clotting events. The bleeding time assesses platelet function. Aspirin can reverse the short bleeding time and may prevent the incidence of thrombosis. Methods: Sequential RA patients over age 50 (n=246) at one center had bleeding time testing at the initial visit and 2 weeks after beginning a medication known to affect coagulation. These were estrogen, rofecoxib, celecoxib, naproxen, ibuprofen, aspirin, tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, filgotinib, and anti-coagulants. Results: The RA control group had a bleeding time of 3.7 + 0.4 minutes. This is a shorter bleeding time than expected in the normal population, where bleeding time is 4 to 7 minutes. The RA patients who developed MACE or thrombotic events had shorter bleeding time at 2.3 + 0.4 minutes, significantly shorter than the RA control group, p<0.001. A shorter bleeding time was demonstrated with COX-2 agents, rofecoxib and celecoxib at less than 2.5 minutes, and JAK agents had short bleeding time from 1.5 to 2.3 minutes, all significantly lower than the control p<0.002. Adding daily 81 mg low dose aspirin to JAK reversed the bleeding time to the control values. A bleeding time measured at less than 3 minutes was associated with higher incident rates of thrombotic events and MACE. Conclusion: These findings suggest that bleeding time less than 3 minutes may serve as a clinically relevant marker for assessing thrombotic risk in RA patients. Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to validate and expand upon these observations, potentially paving the way for the incorporation of bleeding time testing into the clinical management of RA patients to optimize thrombotic risk assessment and preventive strategies.
Expansion of the 340B Program’s Child Sites and Health Disparities Among Medicare Beneficiaries with Asthma
Authors: Tripp Amanda , Marrufo Grecia , Kornfield Thomas , Morley Melissa , Yeh Abra , Nichols Donald
Published: May 2024

Background: Under the 340B Drug Pricing Program, drug manufacturers are required to provide discounts to participating safety-net providers including hospitals serving a disproportionate share (DSH) of low-income patients. The program has experienced substantial growth in participating DSH providers due in part to growth in 340B DSH child sites, which are outpatient sites included on the DSH hospitals’ cost report. However, child sites are not required to be easily accessible to vulnerable patients. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether the 340B program’s expansion of child sites was associated with fewer health disparities for asthma-related care. Research Design: We conducted a retrospective analysis of Medicare beneficiaries treated for moderate to severe asthma at 340B DSH hospitals with and without child sites. Measures: We evaluated five drug treatment measures and five adverse outcome measures related to asthma occurring within the first 12 months of the diagnosis date. Results: For Medicare beneficiaries treated for asthma at 340B hospitals with and without child sites, we identified risk-adjusted disparities in drug treatments and adverse health outcomes based on race/ethnicity, dual eligibility status, and socioeconomic status. Statistically significant disparities across the ten outcomes were more likely to occur within 340B hospitals with child sites than 340Bhospitals without child sites. Differences in the magnitudes of the disparities varied by vulnerable subgroup. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the growth in 340B child sites have not universally expanded access to higher quality care for vulnerable patients, and as such policy changes may be needed.
Ketogenic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease and other memory impairments: History, rationale, and 288 caregiver case reports
Authors: Newport Mary
Published: May 2024

Glucose hypometabolism predates Alzheimer’s disease symptoms by at least one to two decades. Ketones are an alternative fuel to glucose and are taken up normally in affected regions of the Alzheimer’s brain and could address certain pathologies that are common in the aging brain and exaggerated in Alzheimer’s disease including insulin resistance, a brain-energy deficit, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Ketones have also been shown to reduce formation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in animal models. Experts have estimated that at least 30 percent of Alzheimer’s and other dementias could be avoided by adopting a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and correcting other modifiable lifestyle risk factors. Mild to moderate ketosis can be achieved through consumption of a healthy whole food low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet, ketogenic oils containing medium-chain triglycerides, or exogenous ketone supplements as well as intermittent or overnight fasting, and moderately vigorous aerobic exercise. An analysis was performed of 288 anecdotal reports about people with Alzheimer’s, other dementias, Parkinson’s disease with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and other diagnosed or subjective memory impairments consuming coconut oil and/or medium-chain triglyceride oil. Improvement was reported by 89.2 percent, no improvement by 7.3 percent, and no improvement but stabilization for at least 3 months by 2.4 percent. One or more improvements were reported in the areas of memory/cognition (65.3%), social/behavior/ mood/personality (32.6%), speech/language/conversation (33%), resumption of self-care/other activities (24.7%), physical symptoms (18.4%), sleep (3.5%), appetite (2.4%), vision (1.4%), and improvement that was otherwise unspecified (8%). Certain fatty acids found in medium-chain triglyceride oil and coconut oil are ketogenic but also have other important biological effects which, along with polyphenols and other bioactive substances in virgin coconut oil, could explain these results. Adopting a personalized ketogenic lifestyle plan using one or more ketogenic strategies could address certain pathological processes that occur in the aging brain while potentially improving symptoms in people with Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, this approach could possibly prevent or delay the onset of cognitive impairment during aging, though larger long-term studies would be needed to confirm this.
Scleral contact lens for severe keratoconus with corneal hydrops: A case report
Authors: Sah Manoj
Published: May 2024

We describe a case of fitting a scleral contact lens for keratoconus management. A 37-year-old female has came for the keratoconus management opinion. She was using glasses for the last 20 years. She was presented with bilateral severe keratoconus with corneal hydrops, and it show high myopic. A standardized eye examination was thoroughly done in the hospital visual acuity, corneal oculyzer and slit lamp examination with IOP measurement. . The best spectacle corrected visual acuity was Right eye 6/60 with pinhole no improvement with the correction of -13.75/-2.00 x 35 and Left eye having best spectacle corrected visual acuity of counting finger- finger counting with pinhole no improvement with the correction of -14.00 dsph. Optimal fitting characteristics were found in terms of vault, centration and landing and coverage the final parameter that we selected base curve, diameter, power and sag value RE 7.34, 16.40 mm, -15.25/-1.00 X 40, 5.41; LE 6.75, 16.40, -19.25/-1.50 X 110, 5.68 respectively. With over refraction of this power visual acuity was 6/6p and 6/9 in right eye and left eye respectively. In this case we were fit the patient with miniscleral lens which are more comfortable, and the visual acuity was also improved and in the follow up of 3 months no ocular adverse effects were seen. This case report shows that in this patient a Maxim Scleral Lens could be fitted successfully for keratoconus management, providing good visual quality.
90th Anniversary of Higher Historical Education in the Arkhangelsk North: the Period of Formation (1932—1940)
Authors: Zaretskaya Oksana
Published: May 2024

The content of the article reveals the history of the origin and formation of historical education in the Arkhangelsk North in the 30s of the 20th century. The authors systematically presented the main stages of this process on the archival material introduced into scientific circulation for the first time: from the first attempt to create a higher pedagogical educational institution in Arkhangelsk, through the work of the evening department of the Vologda Pedagogical Institute, to the creation of an independent full-fledged pedagogical institute with three departments (day, evening and correspondence). Against the background of the development of the pedagogical university, the ways of formation of the teaching and student staff of the historical department, which appeared from the first day of the institute's existence, are shown. The most important problems of academic work, the creation and transformation of the Department of History, its first issues and the social life of the pre-war years are revealed.
Minimising the Damage: Louis Barthou as the Head of the French Delegation in Genoa
Authors: Magadeev Iskander
Published: May 2024

The article aims to explore the contents, pecularities and the results of Louis Barthou’s, French minister of justice, activities in Genoa as the head of French delegation at the international conference. The author bases his research on the French diplomatic documents and on the diary of General Edmond Buat, the chief of French army General staff. The latter source gives a revealing picture of the reactions of the authorities in Paris on Barthou’s diplomacy. Te detailed study of Barthou as the head of the French delegation seeks to add new details to our general understanding the Genoa conference’s history, and to reveal, how the important international decision-making was linked to the “human factor”, how the human beings interpreted and re-interpreted the “national interests” and left their mark on the process. This problematics seems to be applicable to the current international relations as well. Author concludes that Barthou couldn’t radically transform the basic aims of France in Genoa, as they were formulated by the president of the French Council of ministers and the French foreign minister Raymond Poincaré before the conference. In the same time, acting as the head of the French delegation, he contributed significantly to the process and mechanics of their realisation. Barthou softened the consequences of Poincaré’s harsh measures, though the French leadership didn’t expect something beneficial from this international meeting, initiated by the British Prime Minister David Lloy George. Thus, if to estimate the Barthou’s mission as minimising the damage of the Genoa conference to France, he was rather successful in it.
Directors of the Bodies of Higher Directorate of the Cossack Troops of the Russian Empire (Second Half of 19th — Early 20th Centuries)
Authors: Volvenko Aleksey
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the main milestones in the life of the chiefs of the bodies of higher directorate of the Cossack troops of the Russian Empire second half 19th — early 20th centuries With the help of a comparative technique, biographical material was grouped according to the following criterions: origin and education, chronological data, participation in hostilities, bureaucratic experience before taking office and acquaintance with the Cossacks as a future object of government, lefted scientific and literary heritage. Based on the analysis of the presented material, the article makes an assumption that the main goal of the higher control of the Cossack troops was mainly to account  and control for the Cossack troops, to create conditions for their functioning and mobilization readiness. The military component in the activities of the higher Cossack officials in relation to the Cossack troops was present, but it seems that it was based on the opinion about the natural ability of the Cossacks to military affairs and was not a priority.
The Diocese of Smolensk in 12th — 14th Centuries: Sources of the Income of the Diocese
Authors: Boyarinov Vladislav
Published: May 2024

The well-being of the diocese directly depended on the financial capabilities of the prince, his relationship with the local ruler, the number of christianized population in this territory, the presence of large cathedrals and monasteries subject to the bishopric. These considerations are important, because in Russia, unlike the Byzantine and Western European realities, an original system of relations between the supreme power and the church has developed, which has also affected economic relations. The main sources of the maintenance of the bishopric were tithes received from princely incomes, court and trade duties, special fees (pogorod'e and pochest'e), the availability of movable and immovable property, funds from parishes, payment for making demands, contributions of rich people in the form of books, icons, utensils. In this article, using the example of the Diocese of Smolensk, we will consider the evolution of the sources of the diocese's maintenance during the 12th — 14th centuries, revealing both general patterns and the uniqueness of the position of the bishopric among other Russian bishops of the Middle Ages.
Mission of Baron Joseph Maria von Neuhaus in Russia in 1742—1746 and the Organisational Problems of Diplomatic Service in the Middle of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Petrova Maria
Published: May 2024

The article, based on unpublished materials from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, reconstructs the details of the stay in St. Petersburg and Moscow of Minister Plenipotentiary of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII Baron Joseph Maria von Neuhaus, who came to prevent Empress Elizabeth Petrovna from entering the War of the Austrian Succession on the side of Austria. Neuhaus’ mission was accompanied by a number of difficulties, the main one was to obtain permission from the Russian court to present his credentials. The absence of Elizabeth Petrovna’s imperial title in the letter of credence deprived Neuhaus of the opportunity to be accredited at the Russian court for a year and four months, and consequently of his public status, that made any negotiations impossible. The article also analyses the organizational and financial problems of diplomatic and courier service in wartime, and the peculiarities of etiquette formulas in official correspondence between Russia and the Holy Roman Empire.
The Communist Movement in Modern Uruguay: Strategies, Ideology, Challenges
Authors: Andreev Anton
Published: May 2024

Modern Uruguay remains a country in which the left-wing forces have high public support. Despite the results of the 2019 elections, the left-wing coalition “Broad Front” continues to be one of the main players in the political and economic life of the country. The Communist Party of Uruguay has been a member of the “Broad Front” since its foundation and has a significant impact on the formation of the program, tactics and strategy of the coalition. At the same time, in recent years, new political groups have appeared in Uruguay that share communist (marxist, trotskyist, leninist, etc.) ideas. The purpose of this article is to show the features of the modern communist movement in Uruguay. Based on media materials, party documents, author makes conclusions about the evolution of the communist movement in Uruguay in recent years, its problems and prospects in the context of the actual internal and foreign policy.
The Chilean-Cuban Institute of Culture: a Case of Cultural Diplomacy in the Government of Jorge Alessandri (1959—1964)
Authors: Pеrez Ricardo Haristoy
Published: May 2024

The field of international cultural relations studies has proven to be one of the most fruitful for new approaches to political history and international relations in general. Making use of various primary sources from the Cuban State, as well as many other printed secondary productions, this article is a first general approximation of the circumstances that Chilean-Cuban relations acquired during the first five years of the 1960s. Based on an intense past relationship of collaboration between both countries, especially between their artistic and intellectual establishments, the activity carried out in Chile by the Chilean-Cuban Institute of Culture, was not only a kind of continuity of that tradition, but also, to the At the same time, the opening to a new experience in an extremely critical regional political context due to the place that Cuba occupied in the Inter-American Cold War. After the exposition of background numbers that marked the importance and diffusion of the Cuban Revolution in our environment, the article concludes with the role of this cultural device, opening to new explorations on the subject and the role that the radicalized Latin American intelligentsia played in the 1960s.
The 1969 Strike in Curacao (“Trinta di Mei”): a Riot in Paradise
Authors: Dobronravin Nikolay
Published: May 2024

The article examines the events of 1969 in Curacao, known as “Trinta di Mei” (“30th May”). “Thirtieth of May”. In the 20th century strikes repeatedly occurred on this “paradise island,” which escalated into mass unrest, accompanied by acts of violence. Among them, a special place is occupied by the “Trinta di Mei” in Willemstad, the capital of Curacao and all the Netherlands Antilles, in late May — early June 1969. A brief overview of these events and their assessment in the media and scholarly literature is presented. Close attention is paid to terminology, as well as the interpretation of “Trinta di Mei” in the Soviet media and a small number of scholarly publications. The possible reasons for the lack of an official reaction of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to the social conflict in Curacao are also discussed.
Chronology of Russian Church Council’s Work in the 16th Century
Authors: Usachev Andrey
Published: May 2024

The paper reveals the history of the main body of the Russian Church governance in the 16th century — the Church Council. The author makes an attempt to reconstruct the chronology of its meetings. It is essential to answer the question if the Council was the real body of the church governance or not. In the historiography sometimes it is regarded as not important body because of the few Council’ decrees have remained (the decrees of 1503, 1566, 1572, 1580 etc.). The author of the paper has broadened the historical sources’ base for the study of this church-administrative phenomenon. The research is based on the decrees, the chronicles, the acts, the records of income and expenses, the books of donations, the diplomatic documents, appointment lists, the colophons and the records on the church art’s artefacts, the data of epigraphy, documents on the appointment and resignation of Russian bishops and others. The main concern of the Council was the appointment of new bishops. That’s why the main attention of the article is paid to time when the bishops were appointed, when they left their dioceses or died. The result of the research is represented in the list of 84 cases of the Council’s work which took place or probably took place in the 16th century. It was established that it usually took place in late autumn — at the beginning of winter and finished its work at the end of winter — in the first half of spring. The continuance of meetings lasted from several weeks to several months. It was connected, on the one hand, with establishing of sleigh-road, on the other hand, with the desire of bishops to take part in Easter service in their dioceses (from the 22th of March till the 25th of April). It was found out that the chronology of the Council’s work influenced the political events (forgiveness of boyars, the coronation of Ivan IV, negotiations with the foreign ambassadors, the departure of the sovereign for Aleksandrovskaya sloboda in 1564 etc.). Because all the Councils without exception took place in Moscow the author presupposes that the division of the country into oprichnina and zemshchina didn’t influence the functioning of Council and the tzar was sure of the church elite’s loyalty even in the period of intensive repressions.
Modern Scientific, Technological, and Innovation Policy of Japan: An International Vector on the Example of Russia and ASEAN Countries
Authors: Mishchenko Yana
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the formation and development of Japan's technological policy since the second half of the 20th century. The article shows that initially, the factor of international relations played an important role in Japanese technological policy, since for several decades it was entirely based on the strategy of foreign borrowing. At the same time, Japan carefully studied and often improved technologies borrowed from the USA and Western European countries, developing its own R&D base. Gradually, the country was able to build its own progressive scientific and technical potential and begin technological exports. International cooperation, but no longer in the form of imports but in the form of technology exports, continues to play a crucial role in Japan's innovation policy and diplomacy. As an example, some parameters of Japan's modern technological cooperation with the ASEAN states and Russia are considered. The study shows that, unlike some ASEAN countries, Russia has not been and is not a recipient of technical assistance from Japan within the framework of state official development assistance programs. In addition, the volume of Japanese technological exports to Russia is small and does not meet the interests of the Russian Federation in this aspect. The most successfully developing ASEAN countries receive significant volumes of technological exports from Japan in value terms, but they themselves, except Singapore, do not occupy a niche as technology suppliers to Japan.
“Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod” of Architect A. P. Udalenkov: the Study of Russian National Architecture in the Context of the Science Policy of the Period of Late Stalinism
Authors: Lyubeznikov Oleg
Published: May 2024

The article is concerned with the history of participation of architect A.P. Udalenkov in the post-war restoration of Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod in the light of scientific policy of late Stalin-Period. The author tries to analyze why the figure of the architect was excluded from the science narrative about post-war restoration in Novgorod. Udalenkov sympathized with the ideas of a special school of architect-researchers convinced of the originality of Russian national architecture. He organized architectural and archaeological survey of the Novgorod cathedral and came to the conclusion about the primacy of the architecture of the building in relation to the forms of European medieval churches. The architect was the scientific director of the Special Design and Restoration Studio in Novgorod and offered in reports and the professional architectural journal, the interpretation of the Saint Sophia Cathedral as an original monument, which was not imitation of Western European or Byzantine, Eastern models. His opinion did not receive support among the professional architectural community. The article dedicated to the created by A. P. Udalenkov the image of Saint Sophia Cathedral, actualizes the question of the correlation between the Russian national heritage and Soviet international culture in the context of the science policy of the period of Late Stalinism.
“Science Policy” and “Policy for Science” in the Second Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Zanin Sergey
Published: May 2024

The article discusses various aspects of the formation of science policy and shows the difference between “science policy” and “policy for science”. If the first includes the procedure for making a “political decision” by the subjects of the political process, then the second during the second half of the twentieth century. aimed at incorporating science into politics. It was found that science is a complex object of a “political decision”, since, on the one hand, by its nature, in the process of creating scientific knowledge, it is “loaded with decisions”, and on the other hand, “scientific practices” within the scientific community are not exclusive, but inclusive. Science is integrated into social processes, therefore, in the second half of the 20th century not only power relations in society are characterized by “pluralism”, but the decisions themselves in “scientific policy” are made, so to speak, “polycentrically”, not being the exclusive prerogative of the state or political authorities. The second part of the article examines various aspects of “politics for science” in the era of “neoliberal” and “neoconservative” governments in power in a number of foreign countries. During the neoliberal era of the 1960s and 1970s belief in the perfection of scientific instruments in modeling processes in nature and in society in order to ensure “general welfare” determined the vector of “policy for science”. However, this instruments itselfs turned out to be far from perfection. Starting with a call to “liberate private initiative”, optimize public spending on science, and “attract funding” from the business, the neoconservatives came to the “privatization of science” and to setting purely applied tasks for it, abandoning the previous “global policy for science”. The politics of neo-conservative governments eventually led to the devaluation of the “policy for science” and “policy for science” as such disappeared as it was replaced by “metrics management”. Taking into account the involvement of science in the political, social and cultural processes of modern society, it is proposed to return both “politics for science” and “scientific policy”, making it a full-fledged subject of making a “political decision”.
Sacral Time in the Political Discourse of the Roman Republic
Authors: Smorchkov Andrey
Published: May 2024

The paper considers four binary oppositions, which together give a description of the archaic stratum of the Romans’ perception of time: mythological and historical time; sacral and profane; favorable and unfavorable; cyclical and linear. Having religious content, these pairs had a direct relation to political power and its functioning, which is the object of this study. Of particular importance was the division of time into favorable/unfavorable, which was directly related to the most important prerogative of magistrate power — the right to auspicia. It is noted that the political power had wide pow ers to influence the sacral time, subordinating it to the interests of society, because it had a special responsibility for the fulfillment of the duty to the gods. And in this possibility lies one of the remarkable paradoxes of Roman religious thinking, where sincere faith was combined with a significant share of rational pragmatism. Perhaps this behavior was related to the sense of a clear boundary between the world of the gods and the world of men, which was characteristic of the Roman worldview, from which followed a negative attitude to the violation of this boundary on both sides. The influence of the “Roman myth”, which presented Roman successes as the embodiment of the original plan of the gods, the realization of which, accordingly, presupposed close interaction between gods and humans, cannot be ruled out.
The Policy of Acculturation of the Indigenous Peoples of the Southeastern and Northwestern Outskirts of the Russian Empire: a Comparative Analysis
Authors: Belyaev Denis
Published: May 2024

One of the most controversial issues in Russian history is the question of the territorial growth of our state. For a long time there were two mutually exclusive approaches in historical science. The first is that the annexation of new territories was the result, for the most part, of their conquests. The second — the entry of “colonies” into the empire was generally peaceful in nature and the driving force behind this process was economic development. The article analyzes the processes of acculturation that took place on two frontiers of the Russian state: in the European North and in Central Asia. The methodological basis of the study is the concept of acculturation. The main results of the study are the comparison of these processes on the example of a comparison of two regions. It is noted that, despite the significant difference in the period of interaction between different cultures in these regions, there are a number of similarities in the processes of acculturation. Also, positive results of acculturation were revealed.
On the Problems of Theoretical Understanding of the Term “Fake News”
Authors: Pozdnyakov Evgeny
Published: May 2024

The paper examines the history of the formation of the term “fake news”. The main problems that scientists faced when trying to explain this phenomenon are explored. Attempts are made to classify “fake news” based on the features inherent in this phenomenon. An attempt was also made to highlight the main features of “national” approaches to describing fakes (Russian, Chinese and Western approaches). Explanations are given why “national” schools developed in this way, and a brief description of each of them is given. With the help of an extensive historical description, an attempt is made to give our own definition of “political fake news”.
The Role of “Cultural Turns” in the Study of the History of Religion and Church History
Authors: Davydov Ivan
Published: May 2024

The relevance of this study is grounded in the need to regularly revise and update the methodological tools of the humanities, including those of history. The object of the philosophical and methodological analysis undertaken by the author is the so-called “cultural” turns in the humanities of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The object of the philosophical and methodological analysis undertaken by the author is the so-called “cultural” turns in the humanities of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, and the subject is their significance for the improvement of historical methodology applied to the study of the history of religion and the Christian Church. The aim of the study is to explicate the “cultural turns” that are most heuristically relevant for the history of religion and the Church, and thus the following objectives have been set and accomplished: 1) to briefly review the history of the emergence of “cultural turns”, drawing on the achievements of international scholars (Doris Bachmann-Medick, Clifford J. Girtz, James Clifford, Jörg Doering, Tristan Thielmann, Henri Lefebvre, William John T. Mitchell, Victor Turner, Edward Said, Max Imdahl, Natalija Potapova); 2) to explore the directions of evolution of historical scholarship in the paradigmatic perspective of philosophy of science (taking into account the theoretical works of Giorgio Agamben, Michel Foucault, Marina Rumyantseva and Lorina Repina); 3) to compare the chronological framework and methodological “reference points” of the five currently coexisting and competing paradigms and at least ten “cultural turns” in the field of the humanities, which is the novelty of the study undertaken. Major conclusions: The “modernist” (non-classical) paradigm of the mid-twentieth century corresponds to the “start” of the performative and iconic turns, but the most fruitful was the time of the post-non-classical paradigm (1960s — 1980s), within the chronological framework of which a range of epistemological “turns” (such as interpretive, reflective, postcolonial, translational and spatial) emerged. The neo-historical turn marked the beginning of the neoclassical paradigm, while the pragmatic, “theatrical” and “corporeal” ones marked the beginning of the post-post-non-classical paradigm. The latest post-neoclassical turn may entail a return of interest in religion (“religious studies turn”). The neo-historical turn marked the beginning of the neoclassical paradigm, while the pragmatic, “theatrical” and “body” turn marked the beginning of the post-post-non-classical paradigm. The latest post-neoclassical turn may entail a return of interest in religion (“religious studies turn”).
The Policy of Acculturation by Means of Education in the Russian Empire in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries: Conceptualization and Specific Historical Approach
Authors: Tropov Igor
Published: May 2024

The review article is aimed at solving a major scientific problem — conducting a comprehensive analysis of modern scientific approaches to the study of the policy of acculturation by means of education, carried out by the Russian Empire in relation to various regions of the country, including in relation to the southeastern frontier, namely nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples of Central Asian and Ural-Volga macroregions of the country in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. The accumulated experience of scientific research on the history of acculturation by means of education in the post-reform Russian Empire makes it possible to pose this problem, and the need to determine further promising directions for scientific research into the policy of acculturation makes the topic of this scientific article relevant. The main results of the study are to clarify the main approaches to the study of the policy of acculturation of “foreigners” of the Russian Empire by means of education, generalize the most significant scientific experience in understanding the policy of acculturation in the post-reform decades, as well as identify the most promising issues for further study related to the problems of acculturation of nomadic and semi-nomadic subjects of the Russian Empire through the means of education.
Reflection of Late Imperial Discussions on Education of “Foreigners” in The Practice of National Construction of Soviet Russia (1918—1925, on the Example of the Orenburg Region)
Authors: Lyubichankovskiy Sergey
Published: May 2024

The author traces the continuity between the projects of integration of “foreigners” into the imperial space by means of an education system without the rigid conditions of linguistic and cultural homogenization of Muslims, dating back to the late imperial period, and the first decrees of the Soviet authorities on the “free national development” of representatives of all ethnicities and nationalities of the Soviet Republic. This right was realized especially visibly in the construction of a new system of education. The work shows the steps of the People's Commissariat of the Kazakh Autonomous Republic (KASSR) to create a unified labor school, to train teaching staff, including for Kazakh schools, to organize the publication of new textbooks and manuals on the history of the Kyrgyz Republic in both Russian and Kazakh languages.
The Evolution of the Concept of “Patriotism” in Historical Retrospect: Cultural and Philosophical Analysis
Authors: Stichinscky Maxim
Published: May 2024

The article examines the features and stages of the formation of the concept of “patriotism” in the history of Russia. The study analyzes the initial period of the formation of a sense of belonging to the key value elements of the ancient Russian worldview; the stage of formation of the concept of “our state”, reflecting a change in attitude to it at the level of identity; the period of the appearance of the first patriots and “patriotism” in Russian history of the time of Peter I; reflection on the patriotic formula “Orthodoxy — Autocracy — Nationality” by S. S. Uvarova; the pre- and post-revolutionary period in the history of Russia; the Great Patriotic War and its impact on patriotic sentiments in society; the decline of the USSR and the period of ideological turbulence in Russia in the 1990s; as well as the modern stage, which marked the paramount importance of patriotism as a national idea. Having traced the history of the formation of the concept and value content of patriotism in Russia from the ancient Russian period to the present day, despite the change in the form of expression of this feeling, it has a single nature in its content. Just as children and grandchildren differ from their parents, but have a common blood relationship, so the various stages of the formation of patriotic feelings have a single basis. As a result of the cultural and philosophical analysis, the genetic link between identity and patriotism is emphasized. Love for the “father's house”, the father's land, the city, the shrine, the state, the country, the people, as well as a sense of responsibility for the preservation of these values and a willingness to sacrifice for them, constitute the ideological core of patriotism. Separately, the work notes the complexity of the artificial formation or upbringing of patriotic feeling, since the key factors of its occurrence are: a sense of care on the part of the structure uniting people of a particular historical period, joint events, connection with the history of this community, a sense of pride in “their own”, as well as the presence of a connection with a specific location, a sense of the boundaries of “one's own”, “our”.
Science Diplomacy from Pierre-Bruno Ruffini’s Point of View: the Concept and its Essence
Authors: Okuneva Olga
Published: May 2024

The paper deals with the way that Pierre-Bruno Ruffini uses to conceptualize the science diplomacy in his books and articles since 2015. Pierre-Bruno Ruffini is a practitioner who has been directly involved in the implementing his country's foreign policy for a long time; at the same time, he is a prominent researcher that contributes to theoretical framing and mainstreamification of science diplomacy, its basic notions and key questions. P.-B. Ruffini’s articles of the last ten years make evident the evolution in this area even if the relate vocabulary emerged only recently. The paper shows the way P.-B. Ruffini completes the mainstream approach to science diplomacy (including the well-known typology “diplomacy for science”, “science for diplomacy”, and “science in diplomacy”) and considers such factors as national interests and the rationale of competition. The paper emphasizes the distinction that P.-B. Ruffini makes between science diplomacy and international scientific cooperation. At the same time the paper discusses the possibilities and eventual limits to the use of all these instruments in such traditional areas as the history of international relations, history of diplomacy, history of science. The specificity of every historical period makes relevant the danger of introducing modern meanings into the practices of the past. However, the due respect and the right estimation of these risks can turn the idea of science diplomacy such as P.-B. Ruffini conceptualizes it into the starting point for an interdisciplinary dialog and the integration point for various studies in history (from the traditional reconstitution of the bilateral relations and the case studies of some emblematic projects to the research based on documents of a personal nature and the witness’ memoirs).