bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Femininity, Seriality and Collectivity: Rethinking the Bond Girl
Authors: Luckett Moya
Published: January 2021

Bond Girls are often used to index fifty years of popular assumptions
about feminism and femininity. This chapter considers how the Bond Girl’s
particular position as part of this collective moderates her individuality
and limits her agency even as it imbues her with historical and historiographic
value. I argue that the Bond Girl’s collective identity is allied more
to seriality, with its forward-looking regulation of femininity allied to
replacement, atomization and substitution rather than the more utopian
relational ideals of the female group linked to difference, possibility and
growth. Drawing on selected films, reception and marketing discourse, I
will trace how the Bond Girl’s femininity is caught up in a serial identity
that both flaunts and forecloses agency and possibility.
Market Forces : James Bond, Women of Color, and the Eastern Bazaar
Authors: Palmer Lorrie
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the chase sequences in Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)
and in Skyfall (2012) in order to argue that 007’s varying relationships
with women of color may be seen through the Otherness evoked by the
Eastern bazaar: a site of visuality and mobility as well as a social space
where both hybrid identity and cultural tourism are made visible. The
earlier film (with Pierce Brosnan and Hong Kong action star, Michelle
Yeoh) reflects what Mikhail Bakhtin casts as carnival, where inverted
roles challenge social and cultural norms. In contrast, the later Bond
(with Daniel Craig and a new Moneypenny, Naomie Harris), regresses to
the Orientalist expression of an East-West relationship predicated on the
colonial exercise of power based on exclusion and domination.
Shaken, Not Stirred Britishness: James Bond, Race, and the Transnational Imaginary
Authors: Everett Anna
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines discourses of race and of blackness in the James
Bond film series, starting with post-imperial, Cold War-inflected “Negrophobic”
themes in 1962’s Dr. No; to the post-Civil Rights, Blaxploitation
sampling deployed in 1973’s Live and Let Die; to a black Amazonian,
hypersexual badass vibe on display in 1985’s A View to a Kill; to a new
millennial, color-blind casting sensibility at work in 2012’s Skyfall.
Of particular concern are the Bond films’ racist portrayals of black
womanhood, and their aestheticized violence in depictions of the
spectacularized annihilation of bodies of color. Simultaneously, this
chapter acknowledges that Bond fans routinely derive pleasure from
negotiating the strange spectatorial sublime of James Bond’s troubling
discourses on race and otherness.
Infirmitas Leading to Saintly Life
Authors: Kuuliala Jenni
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the importance of infirmity for the narrations of
the beginning of a saintly candidate’s path to holiness. While traditional
conversion narratives waned in popularity and are next to non-existent
in the canonization processes, infirmity could be underlined in the narratives
regarding other important aspects of the early stages of a saint’s
life. It could mark a moment when the (future) saint made an important
decision that defined his or her saintly life, or influence the holy person’s
lifestyle and choices. In the case of lay female saints, it could be seen and
used as a factor that justified their marital relations or helped to achieve
a celibate marriage.
Patientia and the Borders of Holy Infirmity
Authors: Kuuliala Jenni
Published: January 2021

Saintly patience towards earthly tribulations is one of the key characteristics
of saints’ lives, and it was frequently investigated in canonization
inquests. The tribulations could include, for example, deaths of loved ones
or troubles with earthly rulers. In most canonization inquests the topic of
bodily infirmity, especially the saintly candidate’s patient attitude towards
it, was also investigated. However, the way such patience comes up in
the process varies greatly: it could be used and investigated to highlight
aspects of a saint’s life that the witnesses and the conductors of the hearing
considered important, such as preaching, spiritual raptures, or earthly
duties. Here the saint’s gender and status in society and the geographic
origins of their cult all played major roles.
The Western World as Utopia?
Authors: Minost Martin
Published: January 2021

Chinese middle and upper classes are moving into new neighbourhoods in which the architecture, names, and atmosphere are inspired by Western patterns, a new fashion that is intended to convey an exotic way of life but which has received much criticism from commentators, both Chinese and Western. This paper makes a detailed study of families’ living habits in Thames Town, Songjiang to show that residents are not experiencing an acculturation process, neither are they trying to imitate Western ways of life, they are in fact generating new logics in managing their homes and families, which enables us to better understand their aspirations. By using Foucault’s concept of the heterotopia, the paper also establishes a genealogy of Western postmodern contemporary thought on the concept of utopia.
How Does Space Have Meaning?
Authors: Hälbig Vera Marie
Published: January 2021

This paper uses a geocritical approach (developing Bertrand Westphal’s
work) to interpretatively realize the narrative and social production of the
Korean jimjilbang (찜질방 bathhouse). The multifocality of this approach
represents a methodologically new step in a field of studies which has
been determined by author- and genre-centred approaches to space, and
understands place as space continuously made meaningful (Cresswell
2004). The paper scrutinizes global and local conceptualizations of space,
where narrative and visual representations are analysed to display how
meaning is produced. By attempting to sensitize how cultural meanings
come into being and how particular narratives and performances are
inherent in the creation of spatial experience, it also makes evident that
any approach to space needs to be trans-disciplinary.
Transforming the Self in Contemporary Korean Ki Suryŏn (氣修練)
Authors: Ten Victoria
Published: January 2021

Korean ki suryŏn (氣修練 cultivation of body and mind using ki-life
energy) is becoming more popular internationally. GiCheon (氣天), a
particular type of ki suryŏn, is portrayed here as an alchemical practice
of embodied knowledge. The term ‘technologies of the self’ (from Michel
Foucault) means practices of the self, but here also includes technical
tools, such as videos, DVDs, films, and websites. This paper will show
how the visual iconography of DVDs advertising GiCheon reflect the
values of their creators but also are instrumental for self-cultivation by
subtly programming our ways of living, acting, feeling, and perceiving.
And when the human body is represented on screen, as it is in ki suryŏn
DVDs, then this programming intensifies.
Staging a Revolution
Authors: Wickhamsmith Simon
Published: January 2021

Since the vast majority of Mongolia’s population was illiterate, its
revolution was initially acted out upon the stage. Amateur actors and
revolutionary youth groups came together – the former portraying the
ideological material promoted by the latter – in an attempt to develop
a new understanding of, and approach to, theatrical performance. In
this way, small theater groups spread across the country, performing
ideological education to show, through satire and through historical and
social drama, the misery and inequality of pre-revolutionary Mongolia
and the benefits the revolution had brought. The influence of Soviet
agitprop led to more innovative, amateur productions, while the opening
of a national theater in the late 1920s and the arrival of directors – and
later actors – from the Soviet Union brought credibility to the theatrical
arts and led to professionalized roles for actors, set designers, painters,
singers and musicians.
Landscape Re-Envisioned
Authors: Wickhamsmith Simon
Published: January 2021

One of the more complex developments in the post-revolutionary period
was in the Mongolian people’s understanding of their traditional, intimate
relationship with the landscape. Mongolian nomadic life has always been
linked inextricably with the cycle of the seasons, with the weather, and
with the topographical features, which function as both waymarks and
as ancestral presence. Despite its impulse towards industrialization and
urbanization, Mongolian socialism acknowledged such links, and writers
drew on their own connection with their homeland (nutag) to enhance and
promote the new revolutionary society through a literature that celebrated
the interaction of humans, livestock and the steppe. A competition based
upon the theme of the revolutionary response to ‘homeland’ (nutag)
resulted in a greater interest in this dynamic, as shown in D. Natsagdorj’s
1933 poem ‘My Homeland’ (Minii Nutag).
Leftward Together
Authors: Wickhamsmith Simon
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the social innovations and industrialization that
began to appear in Mongolia towards the end of the 1920s following
Stalin’s accession to power and the implementation of increasingly leftist
policies in the Soviet Union. It considers the establishment of the first
Revolutionary Writers’ Group (Huvisgalt uran zohiolch naryn bülgem)
and the publication in 1929 of the first anthology of Mongolian literature
(Uran ügsiin chuulgan) in which revolutionary ideas were developed and
promoted. The growing pressure on writers to conform to the Mongolian
Party’s relationship to the policies advanced in the Soviet Union meant
that what was published – and hence what was read – began to cleave
more assiduously to this ideology. By presenting new or would-be writers
with advice on how to create socialist literature, the introductory essays
to the Anthology by S. Buyannemeh and Chimid Dungarin indicate how
the Party focused on developing and using Mongolia’s literary talent to
promote its ideology.
Introduction
Authors: Rieder Bernhard
Published: January 2021

The introduction chapter positions algorithmic information ordering as a
central practice and technology in contemporary digital infrastructures, a
set of techniques that serve as ‘levers on reality’ (Goody). While algorithms
used in concrete systems may often be hard to scrutinize, they draw on
widely available software modules and well-documented principles that
make them amendable to humanistic analysis. The chapter introduces
Gilbert Simondon’s mechanology and provides an overview of the structure
and argument of the book.
Relocations: Mapping the non-theatrical field in Scotland
Authors: Vélez-Serna María A.
Published: January 2021

This chapter explains the parameters of the empirical research that
underpins the book’s discussion of non-theatrical exhibition. It does so by
first unpacking the concepts of ‘non-theatrical’, ‘ephemeral’, and ‘pop-up’,
in relation to scholarly and policy use. These overlapping categories define
situations where the cinema configurations and protocols outlined in
Chapter 1 transform spaces. The chapter then lays out the composition of
the fieldwork sample and the methodological approach, which is purposive
and informed by a genealogical sense of multiple histories. Finally, the
chapter points to the four strands of exhibition practice developed in
the rest of the book.
Introduction
Authors: Vélez-Serna María A.
Published: January 2021

Why write about film experiences in the context of pervasive crisis? Is the
discussion about the death of cinema simply an attachment to a bad object?
This chapter invites the reader to see non-theatrical and extramural forms
of film exhibition as an experiment in embracing contingency, and a
hopeful way to disinvest from hegemonic formations. Contextualizing
the research project in relation to precarity and the neoliberal usurpation
of the commons, the introduction opens up some of the key debates that
will be expanded upon through the case studies in the book.
Yesterday’s Heroes?
Authors: Punt Jeremy
Published: January 2021

Jeremy Punt argues that the canonisation of South Africa’s anti-Apartheid
heroes is an important component in the construction of a narrative of
a country emerging from a violent, divisive past informed by racialist
engineering and deliberate processes of exclusion and othering. The icon
of the struggle against Apartheid and the one who most often springs to
mind is, of course, Nelson Mandela, around whom quite a hero if not a
martyr cult was erected. Heroes’ discourse plays an important role in
structuring memories about South Africa’s past and negotiating identities
in the present. Notwithstanding the ambiguities, the role of anti-Apartheid
heroes and their veneration are important in underscoring new group
values, restoring human dignity and self-esteem while at the same time
articulating identity and acknowledging leadership and achievement. But
the commemoration of heroes is also time and place bound and therefore
susceptible to constant critique and adjustments as evident from recent
events in South Africa.
The Martyrdom of the Seven Sleepers in Transformation
Authors: Poorthuis Marcel
Published: January 2021

Marcel Poorthuis discusses the radical re-interpretation of the story
about seven boys who fall asleep for several centuries in a cave during
the persecution by Emperor Decius. They refused to burn incense before
‘idols made by hands’ and fled into a cave, where God took their spirits and
brought them to heaven. The story has been associated with martyrdom
and has pre-Christian forerunners but it was transmitted in a Syriac-
Christian version by Jacob of Serugh (451-521 CE). The Qur’ān recycles
this story, but its thrust is wholly different. Ironically, the story in Sura 18
has been transformed into an anti-Christian polemic. This story in turn
has been re-created in the novel My Father’s Notebook (Spijkerschrift)
by the Iranian-Dutch writer Kader Abdollah (translated in English as
My Father’s Notebook, 2006). The story symbolises the future return of
happiness and beauty for the people, persecuted both under the Shah
and under Khomeini.
The BBC’s Children in Need Telethon: The Currencies of Compassion
Authors: Lury Karen
Published: January 2021

This chapter illustrates how the BBC’s Children in Need telethon is
informed and legitimated by different currency models as part of its
aesthetic strategy. It demonstrates how these televisual currencies may
be directly aligned with other kinds of medical currency models emerging
within the economy of the UK’s National Health Service. Through close
textual analysis of the programme and a related analysis of medical
currency models proposed and piloted in relation to the NHS, it is argued
that the ‘aestheticization’ of currency models provided by the programme
reflects an ideological shift in the representation of medical care on
public service television, in line with the ideology of neoliberalism and
the incremental colonization of ‘financialization’ into all aspects of
contemporary society.
‘Before Education, Good Food, and Health’ : World Citizenship and Biopolitics in UNESCO’s Post-War Literacy Films
Authors: Druick Zoë
Published: January 2021

Following its establishment in 1945, UNESCO worked to promote the aims of the UN through a range of educational mechanisms. This chapter considers the textual operations of the agency’s film work in support of fundamental education, literacy and health in the late 1940s and early 1950s, arguing that some of the agency’s structural and ideological contradictions are available for reading therein. Considering The Task Ahead, Mondsee Seminar, World Without End, Books for All, and the Healthy Village Project in relation to the UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and UNESCO’s Statements on Race (1950, 1951), the essay explores the ways in which UNESCO filmmakers illustrated the technobiological and often racialized operationalization of the UN’s universal humanist aims.
Hussain Haniff and the Place of the Auteur in Popular Malay Cinema
Authors: Driskell Jonathan
Published: January 2021

This chapter re-examines ideas of authorship in the Malay cinema through a case study of one of its most prestigious filmmakers, Hussain Haniff. It considers the formation of Hussain’s reputation by reviewing the changing critical attitudes to his work and discusses his films as instances of personal and political expression, but also as contributions to a popular entertainment industry. Hussain offered timely explorations of tradition, modernity and gender, and used the period’s generic conventions and stars to shape his unique visions. By positioning Hussain within the broader world of film entertainment, this chapter contributes to a more historically grounded perspective on the role played by film directors during the golden age of Malay cinema.
Women’s Diets and Standards of Beauty
Authors: Vaughan Theresa A.
Published: January 2021

Looking beyond gynaecological issues, how did standards of beauty
affect dietary recommendations, what women ate, and how they presented
themselves? Obesity, while viewed differently than it is today,
was considered a factor in women’s fertility. It was also related the sin
of gluttony and other sins which demonstrated a lack of self-mastery
of bodily appetites. Examining conduct literature is one way to gain
access to cultural expectations of the female body. Religious concerns
about self-presentation could also manifest in what has been called “holy
anorexia.” The anthropology of the body suggest that what women eat
and how they look are deeply embedded social constructs which reveal
culture attitudes towards gender difference, women, and power.
Post-Cinematic Unframing
Authors: Åkervall Lisa
Published: January 2021

What becomes of the frame in an era of post-cinema? This chapter explores
that question and possible answers as suggested by two exemplary
post-cinematic moving-image works, Camille Henrot’s single-channel
video installation Grosse Fatigue (2013) and Kevin B. Lee’s video essay
Transformers: The Premake (2014). The proliferation of frames in these
works enacts an itinerary of the aesthetic strategy I call ‘post-cinematic
unframing’ that particularly comes to the fore when framing is explicitly
thematised – as it is, for example, when pop-up bubbles are superimposed
on a scene to display characters’ text messaging, or by superimposing,
stacking, juxtaposing, and collaging images.
Entangled Maps
Authors: Vannieuwenhuyze Bram
Published: January 2021

This chapter offers a close ‘reading’ of two story maps from the early modern
Low Countries, a bird’s-eye perspective on the Ypres siege of 1383 engraved by
Guillaume du Tielt about 1610, and a map of Northern Flanders, presumably made
by Mathias Quad in 1604. Both are sophisticated multimedia products in which
different layers of information are inextricably intertwined. The documents
ask for a thorough analysis of their content as a whole. By considering them as
‘entangled products’, instead of simple by-products of official cartography, the
chapter argues that the maps themselves were also part of a chain of objects, and
that their production and consumption must be considered in broader contexts.
A School Atlas as a History Machine: The Bosatlas Online
Authors: Ormeling Ferjan
Published: January 2021

In principle, a school atlas presents the status quo at a given moment, but when
it is regarded as a serial work regularly updated, and when, thanks to digital
technologies, the same maps in consecutive atlas editions can be compared one
to another, then movement over time is visualized. With a customized tool, one
may pick one particular map in the nth edition of the atlas and then compare it
to the same map in the previous or the next edition on a shared screen, to find
out what changes occurred within a specific time frame. Examples of possible
applications at different scales show that each map type (because of the kind
of symbols used) and each scale level have their own types of stories unfolding.
River Roads
Authors: Walters Holly
Published: January 2021

Shaligram pilgrimage is both a macrocosm of Shaligram practice and a
microcosm of life itself. Mobility is, however, at the core of all aspects of
veneration. Shaligram pilgrimage then offers a glimpse into the methods
by which people come to identify with certain places, regardless of whether
or not they live in those places or have ever visited them before. It also
offers insight into how marginalization, militarization, and economic
challenges in Mustang have had significant effects on both Shaligram
practices throughout South Asia and the world. Furthermore, due to the
plurality of sacred spaces in physical locations, such as happens through
the dham, Shaligrams become capable of being both from a place and
carrying that place with them.
The data epic : Visualization practices for narrating life and death at a distance
Authors: Gray Jonathan
Published: January 2021

This chapter proposes the notion of the ‘data epic’, which is examined
through two works of ‘cinematic data visualization’: The Fallen of World
War II and The Shadow Peace: The Nuclear Threat. These pieces mobilize an
aesthetics of distance to narrate life and death at scale, in past and possible
global conflicts. While previous studies of quantification emphasize the
function of distance in relation to aspirations of objectivity, this chapter
explores other narrative and affective capacities of distance in the context
of ‘public data culture’. The data epic can thus enrich understanding of
how data are rendered meaningful for various publics, as well as the
entanglement of data aesthetics and data politics involved in visualization
practices for picturing collective life.
‘Billions and the Retrogression of Knowledge’?
Authors: Horat Esther
Published: January 2021

While Vietnam’s Đổi mới policy, officially introduced three decades ago, had the clear-cut aim of restructuring the economic sector, its impact on morality was not as readily palpable. The standing of merchants in Vietnam has been, and continues to be, particularly ambiguous, as they were able to quickly seize the benefits of Đổi mới, albeit without embodying the state’s ideas of modernity. Using Sheri Lynn Gibbings (2016) framework of ‘citizenship as ethic’, the chapter takes a close look at the traders’ performance of moral identities as a way of dealing with the paradoxical economic and political situation they find themselves in.
The Gender and Morality of Money in the Indian Transnational Family
Authors: Singh Supriya
Published: January 2021

This chapter is focused on changing gender dynamics in inheritance and remittance practices and their effect on the morality of money in the family across five decades of migration from India to Australia. Inheritance and remittances are no longer wholly male. Drawing on two large-scale qualitative studies of nearly 200 Indians from over 100 families, who have migrated to Australia, the chapter shows that ‘the good daughter’, together with the ‘good son’, is changing the moral discourse around money in the patrilineal Indian family. At the same time, male control and ownership of household money is no longer accepted without question in some migrant Indian families.
Christianity as the Sixth Aspirational ‘C’
Authors: Gomes Catherine , Tan Jonathan
Published: January 2021

Singapore is one of the richest countries in the world, whose citizens have an insatiable appetite for economic mobility. Many Singaporeans have become highly attracted to emerging Christian groups which marry basic Christian beliefs, such as the worship of Christ, with wealth accumulation. Known as megachurches, these groups preach a liturgy known as ‘prosperity gospel’ which equates wealth with worship. Though digital ethnography and content analysis of webpages and social media platforms, this chapter investigates two prominent megachurches in Singapore and their founding pastors: New Creation Church with Pastor Joseph Prince and City Harvest Church with Pastor Kong Hee. The results of such analyses reveal that wealth and material accumulation have become the foundations of Singaporean Christianity.
Cash, Women, and the Nation
Authors: Huijsmans Roy
Published: January 2021

Banknotes constitute a productive lens for exploring some of the frictions and shifts in moralities brought about by rapid change characterizing the post-socialist condition in Southeast Asia. This chapter discusses how cash-related moralities emerge from the loose relation between national currencies and national territory, through the moral tales of the banknotes’ iconography, and its contested role in the politico-economic project of post-socialism. Drawing on articles and commentaries published in the English language and government censored newspaper, Vientiane Times, the chapter explores two moral tales surrounding the Lao currency kip. These cases shed light on the importance of morality in the infrastructure of intimacy that money constitutes and its contested, gendered, nature in times of rapid change.
Body and belief in Timor-Leste
Authors: Rose Michael
Published: January 2021

This chapter is based around the story of a young man from Oecussi
called Jake Lasi. Born in a village where stones are sometimes sacred,
his choice to later study geology raises a range of compelling ontological
tensions. For he and his friends maintaining their connection to the land
and the social networks embedded in it can be a matter of life or death.
This chapter explores how meto spiritual and economic realities travel
with highlanders who seek an urban life as somatic experiences of terror,
sickness and death that question the nature of what it is we mean by the
term ‘belief’.
Stones, saints and the ‘Sacred Family’
Authors: Rose Michael
Published: January 2021

While sick in Oecussi I also reached out to Oecussi’s most famous Catholic
‘healer’, a man named Natar Nail Benu, known to all as Maun (Brother)
Dan. Gently tolerant of (maybe even a little bemused by) my sinful
nature, Maun Dan proved a sympathetic and patient friend, and took
me under his wing, allowing me to spend time with him at his home
and travel with him as he visited the many who called him in distress.
In this chapter I explore how Maun Dan and his ‘Sacred Family’ move
between meto and kase perspectives as they work to alleviate physical
and emotional suffering in Oecussi in ways the central government is
not able to facilitate.
The Campaign for Nuclear Power in Japan before and after 2011
Authors: Weiss Tobias
Published: January 2021

In the chapter I analyse the emergence of a countermovement in reaction
to the rise of the movement against nuclear power in Japan since the 1970s.
I trace the emergence of the countermovement in historical perspective,
and analyse the organizational and social basis, the mobilization
processes, the framing, and political influence of the groups involved. I
then analyse the political impact of the Fukushima 2011 nuclear accident
on the movement. I show how the countermovement was able survive a
period of intense contestation preserving its resource basis and retaining
significant influence on the policymaking process due to support from
parts of the national bureaucracy and conservative politicians.
Buddhism and Chinese Culture
Authors: Pacey Scott
Published: January 2021

The Buddhists covered in this volume also presented their tradition as compatible with Chinese culture, contrasting it with Christianity. This chapter focuses on the well-known Buddhist Yinshun, who argued that biblical belief conflicted with Chinese cultural values, and introduces Gong Tianmin, a Christian, whose academic study of Buddhism aimed at showing it to be historically derived. Gong’s approach is contrasted with Yinshun’s, who, within his own scheme of Buddhist history, took core beliefs to be fundamentally “true”. The chapter will show that the Buddhist writers, covered here, displayed a preoccupation with Western values such as freedom, democracy and egalitarianism, but also with defining these as Chinese—and hence, as Buddhist.
Buddhism and Modernity
Authors: Pacey Scott
Published: January 2021

The academic research of the Catholic priest Du Erwei generated strong responses from Buddhists. Du claimed that Buddhism was descended from earlier lunar religion—and thus, implicitly, that it embodied a “primitive” stage of religious thought. As an anthropologist and scholar affiliated with National Taiwan University, Du drew from voluminous academic sources, meaning that his theory demanded a rigorous Buddhist response. This chapter discusses Yinshun’s writings from the period, which aimed at showing how fundamental Buddhist beliefs transcended history and that Christianity itself was, as Du Erwei had claimed about Buddhism, historically-derived. Modern historiographical forms thus increasingly paralleled the appeal to values, showing their importance for identity formation and as a standard for religious “truth”.
Sermons Among Mountains
Authors: Pacey Scott
Published: January 2021

The figures covered in this volume were Buddhist elites—they were associated with major monastic institutions, publishing ventures, or the BAROC. This chapter discusses a range of Buddhist groups emerging in the 1960s, or thereafter, that cited an influence from Christianity, but which did not contribute to the discussion covered here. It also covers the transition to more positive forms of dialogue, which were paralleled by the decline of KMT power, the complexification of Taiwanese identity, and the slowed growth of Christianity. At the same time, the Christian influence on later groups is clear, pointing to the complex relationship Buddhism had with Christianity in Taiwan.
Presence of Augustine of Hippo in Isidore of Seville : Some Provisional Remarks
Authors: Elfassi Jacques
Published: January 2021

Augustine of Hippo is the most quoted author by Isidore of Seville. Isidore uses Augustine in all his works, without exception, and he knows at least 53 of Augustine’s works. However, Augustine’s presence in Isidore has rarely been studied, probably because scholars were discouraged by the extent of the task. It was only in 2013 that J.C. Martín published two general surveys on the subject, but in spite of their richness they are very brief (four pages each). In this chapter, I outline some lines of research: I give some details about the works of Augustine known to Isidore and I examine some unexpected ways in which the Sevillian used the works of his predecessor.
Adam Easton and the Great Schism
Authors: Zutshi Patrick
Published: January 2021

Adam Easton, a monk of Norwich cathedral priory and a doctor of theology
of Oxford University, accompanied Simon Langham to the papal Curia in
1369 after Langham had been elevated to the cardinalate. Easton remained
at the Curia and in 1378 witnessed the turbulent election of Urban VI
in Rome, which led to the Great Schism of the western Church. In 1379
Easton’s testimony concerning the circumstances of this election was
solicited twice. Following his promotion to the cardinalate by Urban in
1381, Easton became involved in a conspiracy involving five other cardinals
against the pope. He was the only cardinal to survive and to be reinstated.
These two episodes form the main subjects of the chapter. An appendix
prints Easton’s first testimony along with marginal comments deriving
from adherents of Urban’s rival as pope, Clement VII of Avignon, that seek
to undermine it. The text illustrates the nature of contemporary debate
concerning the validity of the election of Urban VI and the legitimacy of
the respective claimants to the papacy.
Between Tradition and Innovation : the sepulchral monument of Adam Easton at S. Cecilia in Trastevere
Authors: Bolgia Claudia
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the original setting, appearance and authorship
of the sepulchral monument of Cardinal Adam Easton, which survives in
considerably reduced form in the church of S. Cecilia in Trastevere, Rome.
A re-examination of both visual and written sources, including a muchdebated
drawing of the tomb in an already partially altered form, leads to
new hypotheses about the original location, appearance and significance
of the monument within the sacred topography of the church. Renewed
visual and technical analysis will shed new light on the commission and
its artists. Parallels are also drawn with the tomb of Cardinal Philippe
d’Alençon in S. Maria in Trastevere in order to think about ‘portraiture’
in late-Trecento Rome. The reconstructed original tomb, alongside the
extant effigy, bier and laudatory inscription, are then used to offer further
insights into the life of Easton, his supporters and his desire for perpetual
remembrance.
Compounding the Lyric Essay Film : Towards a Theory of Poetic Counter-Narrative
Authors: Rascaroli Laura
Published: January 2021

Both artists and critics refer more and more to a diverse range of contemporary films as lyric or poetic essays. Lyricism is indeed acquiring increasing relevance as one of the key modes adopted by an artistic practice that is spreading fast throughout the globe. Yet, the lyric essay is still substantially undertheorized. This chapter aims to refine the theoretical and analytical tools that are at our disposal to think about the lyric essay film, and to expand our understanding of how lyricism is used by film-makers to create audiovisual spaces for thought. In doing so, it draws on a specific case study, the cinema of contemporary Italian film-maker Pietro Marcello, whose experimental essayistic work is elegiac and political all at once.
‘Every love story is a ghost story’ : The Spectral Network of Laurie Anderson’s Heart of a Dog (2015)
Authors: Williams Deane
Published: January 2021

While it has been described as ‘a paean to a canine friend’ and ‘a meditation
on love and loss’, Laurie Anderson’s Heart of a Dog (2016) can also
be understood as a network of ghost stories. Drawing on Anderson’s
idiosyncratic multimedia technique (foregrounding technology) and
conceptualizing of the future, this chapter explores the ways in which the
figures of 9/11, Lou Reed, David Foster Wallace, Gordon Matta-Clark, and
the Bardo course through Heart of a Dog. Exploring the implications of the
juxtaposition of these themes and Anderson’s oeuvre, Williams positions
the film in relation to a confluence of network theory and hauntology as
a particular rendering of 21st-century subjectivity.
The Shudder of a Cinephiliac Idea? Videographic Film Studies Practice as Material Thinking
Authors: Grant Catherine
Published: January 2021

This chapter carefully considers the practice of the audio-video essayist,
reflecting on the topics of subjectivity, textuality, and technology. Grant
is a film scholar who, in the last ten years, has begun to produce, write
about, and publish creative-critical digital-video essays on film and media
studies subjects, essays that use footage from the films studied, as well as
other moving image/sounds from existing media. Her chapter examines
the critical and theoretical threads that surround the audiovisual essay
as it belongs to the tradition of the essay film and as it belongs to the
broader realm of creative practice. She also thinks through some of the
spectatorial implications of her online practice as research.
Tilting the Axis of Global Play: From East/West to South/North
Authors: Schleiner Anne-Marie
Published: January 2021

‘Tilting the Axis of Global Play’ presents an historical review of East vs.
West tensions between the United States and Japan, drawing past game
studies literature. I posit that an East/West framework, although rightly
recognizing national and regional cultural differences in the emergence
of the game industry, has limits that a South/North perspective better
addresses transnationally. Like other industries, the game industry leverages
globalization to exploit Southern labor in the fabrication of game
consoles and other game hardware. And predominant Northern cultural
paradigms are disseminated globally in the fictional scenarios of highly
produced Triple A games. Despite this disequilibrium, I make the case
that in the global South, players and other gaming culture participants
contribute meaningfully to transnational gaming culture.
Noisy Places, Noisy People
Authors: Ferzacca Steve
Published: January 2021

Making noise in a basement corner of an ageing mall in Singapore affords
a small community of musicians, family and friends a gathering place to
meet, eat, drink, smoke and jam loud amplified music. The Doghouse is a
‘device of saturation’, a way of making sense of self and others: it exists so
that this sonic community can exact possibilities and creative potential
within the limits of official use of public space. Bodily scales are realized
in cosmopolitan spaces where local and global interrogations in dialogue,
in space, and among things, make trouble and meaning. And so some noisy
people have, for now, found a playground where their urban dreams and
aspirations are imagined and realized.
Conviviality in Clementi
Authors: Leong Goh Wei
Published: January 2021

There exists in us a desire for creative expression and for autonomous
intercourse that material comforts cannot replace or satisfy. This desire
for convivial interactions, Ivan Illich persuades us, cannot be satisfied by
mere industrial productivity. Inspired by Lisa Peattie’s stylized description
of community as pointing to the human need for roots and conviviality
as pointing to the human need to flower, I set off in search of roots and
flowering in my neighbourhood – Clementi, Singapore. In this endeavour,
I analyse how Clementi’s roots – physical characteristics of shared spaces,
community norms, and public characters – have enabled its flowering:
the bubbling of social energy in small, sometimes dissenting ways, the
ebb and flow of sociable pleasure, and the development of social capital.
Mediating Community in Bukit Brown
Authors: Pang Natalie , Khiun Liew Kai
Published: January 2021

This chapter seeks to illustrate the authors’ initiative of deploying mobile
communication technologies through the ‘iBBC’ app to locate and reference
tombstones of prominent historical personalities in Singapore’s Bukit
Brown Cemetery. The densely vegetated, 80-year-old former Chinese
municipal cemetery filled with more than a hundred thousand graves has
been largely neglected, and the traditional Chinese inscriptions written on
many of the tombstones are inscrutable to many contemporary visitors.
As part of the process of digital interventions, iBBC helps visitors obtain
encyclopedic information immediately on-site by using Augmented Reality
(AR) to recognize selected tomb monuments. Such interventions are
critical in sensitizing the public to the cemetery’s cultural heritage.
The Invisible Electorate
Authors: Ching Emily Chua Hui
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the opposition campaigns during Singapore’s 2015
General Elections, to suggest that elections in this one party-dominant
state can fruitfully be thought of as a site of contestation between what
Lefebvre calls ‘lived’ and ‘abstract’ space. While the ruling People’s Action
Party (PAP) seeks to situate the country’s elections in the abstract space
of calculative reasoning, which it administers and dominates, I argue
that the opposition campaigns conjure a parallel terrain of lived space, in
which the alienating and inhuman logic of the PAP’s mode of governance
can be – if only momentarily – subverted and denied.
THE RISK FACTORS OF TODDLERS’ STUNTING EVENTS WITHIN THE WORKING AREA OF COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTRE IN KELURAHAN KAPUAS KANAN HULU, SUNGAI DURIAN, SINTANG REGENCY
Authors: Juliansyah Elvi
Published: January 2021

Chronic stunting or malnutrition refers to the form of growth failure. The short and the very short size of one’s body indicate nutritional status based on the body length index by age (PB / U) or the body height index by age (TB / U) which is synonymous to the terms stunted (short) and severely stunted (very short). There were 45 toddlers who suffered stunting in Kelurahan Kapuas Kanan Hulu Sintang Regency in 2018.. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of stunting in children under five in Kapuas Kanan Hulu Kelurahan, Sintang District. It was a quantitative study with a case control approach. The population in this study were 438 toddler mothers with a sample of 44 toddler mothers. The data were collected through a questionnaire-based interview. The present research found out that statistically there was a relationship between stunting events and the knowledge (p = 0.010), the attitude (p = 0.010), the practice (p = 0.019), the education (p = 0.019), the work (p = 0.009), and the family income (p = 0.049). It is recommended that the District Health Office and Sungai Durian Community Health Centre intervene with health promotion programs to increase knowledge, improve attitudes, and practices (actions) and work together with related institutions to improve family income.

Keywords: Stunting, Risk Factors, and Toddler.
Authors: Marwati Marwati , Salampe Mirnawati , Burhan Asril , Megawati Megawati , Khairuddin Khairuddin , Naneng A.Adi Al Ma’aridj , Oktaviani Nova
Published: January 2021

Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional yang banyak tersebar diseluruh Indonesia khususnya berasal Toraja, yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan antikanker dengan adanya kandungan senyawa fenolik dan flavanoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat flavonoid total serta aktivitas antioksidan dan toksisitas ekstrak daun karamunting. Simplisia daun karamunting diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, pengujian aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan microplet reader dan diuji toksisitasnya dengan metode BSLT. Hasi penelitian fenolik total 3,496% , Perolehan aktivitas antioksidan  nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol daun karamunting sebesar 24,451 bpj dan Perolehan uji toksisitas nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol daun karamunting sebesar 31,80 bpj terhadap larva udang. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, ekstrak etanol daun karamunting masuk dalam kategori antivitas sangat kuat dengan range <50 % dan dinilai  memiliki sifat toksisitas katogori sangant kuat.
UJI POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN BENALU BATU (BEGONIA SP) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DALAM DARAH DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI PANKREAS TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)
Authors: Tandi Joni , Paerunan Dela Erni , Nurifa Nurifa , Kenta Yunlis Silintowe , Mulyani Sri
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the potential for glucose levels in the blood of ethanol extracts of the begonias (Begonia Sp.), the effect of the extract on the pancreatic histopathology of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which was induced by streptozotocin, and the effective dose begonias’ extract leaves on the histopathological descriptions of pancreatic male white rats. This study was an experimental laboratory where the research group consisted of group I (the control group) as a normal control was given a standard feed, group II (negative control) was given a 0.5% Na CMC suspension, group III (positive control) was orally given glibenclamide and experimental groups IV, V, and VI (doses 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW). Were given ethanol extract of begonias leaves. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the begonias (Begonia Sp.) contained secondary metabolite compounds, namely flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, and tannins. Ethanol extract of begonias leaves at adose of 50 mg/kg BW was an affective dose in reducing blood glucoselevels by an avarage of 101,8 mg/dL) and a dose of 50 mg/kg BW can affect the histopathological picture of the pancreas in STZ induuced rats with an average damage value of 2 from a maximum of 4.
Reflective Apprenticeship for Teaching and Learning Mathematical Proof
Authors: Reinholz Daniel L.
Published: January 2021

This article explores teacher learning in a graduate-level analysis course for teachers. Drawing from the frameworks of extreme apprenticeship and Peer-Assisted Reflection (PAR), the course created authentic learning experiences for the teachers that served as models that they could use in their own classrooms. This paper describes how the teachers developed across the four dimensions of extreme apprenticeship. While this paper is grounded in mathematics, the extreme apprenticeship and PAR frameworks are cross-disciplinary, and thus there are implications for teaching and learning in all of the STEM disciplines.
Beyond the Leaky Pipeline: Developmental Pathways that Lead College Students to Join or Return to STEM Majors
Authors: Wu Jue , Uttal David
Published: January 2021

STEM education researchers often invoke the “Leaky Pipeline” metaphor (National Research Council, 1986) when explaining why so many students do not persist in STEM. This metaphor envisions the supply of potential workers as a pipeline.  Students “drip out” (leave STEM) of the pipeline from preschool through college. However, this metaphor does not adequately reflect the fluidity and multi-directionality of students’ decisions about their college majors.  For example, some students join STEM after leaving another (non-STEM) major, and others add STEM as a second major. Increasing the number of students who join STEM could contribute substantially to addressing the STEM shortage. We used the term STEM joiners to refer to these students. We conducted a qualitative study of 22 college STEM joiners to explore the developmental trajectories and motivations of these STEM joiners. Data was collected through semi-structured clinical interviews with each individual and was analyzed by an iterative, grounded coding processes to derive themes and categories. We found that the decision to join STEM after declaring another major was often motivated by a desire to return to original interests in STEM. Early college STEM courses, supportive STEM environments, and mentoring experiences were critical in students’ joining decisions. The results suggest ways in which STEM joining could be increased, which could lead to an increase in the number of STEM majors.
Excessive Mentoring? An Apprenticeship Model on a Robotics Team
Authors: Dolenc Nathan R. , Tai Robert , Williams Douglas
Published: January 2021

Participation on a robotics team affords students the opportunity to learn science and engineering skills in a competition-based environment. Mentors on these robotics teams play important roles in helping students acquire these skills. This study used an apprenticeship learning theory to examine how mentors on one high school robotics team contributed to students attaining the knowledge associated with designing and building a robot for competition. How active of a role did mentors play on their competition-based robotics team? How did mentors and students together handle the challenges they faced? The mentor-student interactions detailed in the research revealed an apprenticeship model where mentors played leadership roles reluctant to move beyond modeling tasks to students. The mentors’ roles bring into question if they were granting their students the full opportunities to develop skills associated with working on a robot. Despite these developmental concerns, the students on the team gradually took up simple tasks working side-by-side mentors, saw expert engineers model professional habits, and expressed being inspired while contributing to a winning team.