bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The political consequences of polarization: Quasi-experimental evidence from runoff elections
Authors: Ferrer Sergi
Published: April 2022

Polarization among parties has been increasing in many advanced democracies. While literature on the consequences of polarization is burgeoning, these studies typically face two concerns that are of crucial importance: endogeneity and omitted variables. In this paper I contribute to this literature and argue that polarization among candidates can affect the functioning of democracy by fostering voters’ coordination around incumbents thus decreasing turnover. I test the hypotheses by applying a Regression Discontinuity Design to data from legislative and cantonal elections in France. These elections use a two-round system in which the two most voted candidates in the first round automatically qualify for the second round. Following the logic of ‘close race elections’, I compare cases in which the runner-up candidate that barely qualifies for the second round polarizes the election, with cases in which that candidate did not qualify, decreasing the degree of polarization. This strategy allows me to treat polarization as a truly exogenous variable and overcome issues such as those mentioned above. Overall, results show that polarization clearly decreases incumbent turnover by fostering voters' coordination around them. This effect is particularly strong when polarization comes from the presence of candidates from extreme parties in the second round. When that is the case every single incumbent is able to secure reelection. These results have clear implications for our understanding of the political consequences of polarization.
Circular and unified analysis in network neuroscience
Authors: Rubinov Mikail
Published: April 2022

Genuinely new discovery transcends existing knowledge. Despite this, many analyses in systems neuroscience neglect to test new speculative hypotheses against benchmark empirical facts. Some of these analyses inadvertently use circular reasoning to present existing knowledge as new discovery. Here, I discuss that this problem can confound key results and estimate that it has affected more than three thousand studies in network neuroscience over the last decade. I suggest that future studies can reduce this problem by limiting the use of speculative evidence, integrating existing knowledge into benchmark models, and rigorously testing proposed discoveries against these models. I conclude with a summary of practical challenges and recommendations.
Cognitive Control Beyond Single-Item Tasks: Insights from Pupillometry, Gaze, and Behavioral Measures
Authors: Ziaka Laoura , Protopapas Athanassios
Published: April 2022

Cognitive control has been typically examined using single-item tasks. This has implications for the generalizability of theories of control implementation. Previous studies have revealed that different control demands are posed by tasks depending on whether they present stimuli individually (i.e., single-item) or simultaneously in array format (i.e., multi-item). In the present study we tracked within-task performance in single-item and multi-item Stroop tasks using simultaneous pupillometry, gaze, and behavioral response measures, aiming to explore the implications of format differences for cognitive control. The results indicated within-task performance decline in the multi-item version of the Stroop task, accompanied by pupil constriction and dwell time increase, in both the incongruent and the neutral condition. In contrast, no performance decline or dwell time increase was observed in the course of the single-item version of the task. We interpret these findings in terms of capacity constraints on cognitive control, with implications for cognitive control research, and highlight the need for better understanding the cognitive demands of multi-item tasks.
Parsing Heterogeneity in Developmental Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptomatology in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Authors: Brieant Alexis , Ip Ka I , Holt-Gosselin Bailey , Gee Dylan G.
Published: April 2022

Background: Psychopathology demonstrates marked changes within and between individuals across development, especially during the transition from childhood to adolescence. Evidence characterizing the directionality and rate of change across distinct dimensions of psychopathology has been mixed, with different studies indicating increases, decreases, or no change in internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Moreover, much remains unknown about the extent to which trajectories differ across individuals. Methods: Using a large, diverse national sample of youth (9-10 years old at baseline) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® (n = 6,405) we tested trajectories of psychopathology over three years. At each time point, parents reported their child’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results: Results from a latent growth curve model indicated that, on average, externalizing symptoms decreased across the three time points, whereas internalizing symptoms did not significantly change. We then used growth mixture modeling to identify latent subgroups of pre-adolescents with distinct psychopathology trajectories. Results indicated that there were four different internalizing trajectories: a high-stable group, a moderate-decreasing group, a moderate-increasing group, and a low-decreasing group. For externalizing symptoms, there were three trajectories: a high-decreasing group, a moderate-increasing group, and a low-decreasing group. We also used parallel process growth analysis to examine the co-development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and identified five subgroups with distinct patterns of co-development. These subgroups were differentially associated with sex and age. Conclusion: These findings highlight important heterogeneity in the development of psychopathology during pre-adolescence.
A integração da geração fotovoltaica distribuída à matriz elétrica brasileira: uma análise sob a ótica institucional
Authors: PAVANELLI JOAO M M
Published: April 2022

A matriz brasileira de energia elétrica foi construída historicamente como resultado da confrontação de interesses econômicos, políticos e sociais. Graças a avanços tecnológicos, o setor elétrico brasileiro passa por uma fase de possível inserção de novos modelos, como a geração distribuída de fontes energéticas alternativas, como eólica, biomassa e solar fotovoltaica. Este trabalho oferece uma análise institucional para a compreensão das possibilidades de inserção da geração distribuída fotovoltaica na rede elétrica. Essa análise institucional foi feita através de uma triangulação de técnicas, partindo de revisão bibliográfica de literatura científica, que gerou um modelo analítico para identificar e classificar os principais marcos históricos que direcionaram a estruturação da matriz energética brasileira. Os dados foram confrontados com as entrevistas em profundidade com especialistas do setor elétrico. Os resultados fundamentaram modelos que descrevem a formação histórica de instituições sob os aspectos econômicos, técnicos e normativos. Além disso, os resultados indicam um cenário favorável para investimentos em geração distribuída fotovoltaica até o final da década de 2020, mas também sugerem um possível conflito de equacionamento de custos entre os geradores distribuídos e as concessionárias de distribuição de energia elétrica
Modulatory potential of Tamarindus indica seed coat on oestrogen and progestone secretion in MCF-7 cell lines
Authors: Krishna A Sandesh , Benny Bimitha , Samraj Sujith , John Preethy , Radhakrishnan Uma
Published: April 2022

According to epidemiological research, the consumption of phytoestrogen rich foods has been shown to reduce the development of hormone dependent breast cancer. Phytoestrogens improved the efficacy of ongoing chemotherapy. Recent research indicates that polyphenols found in the tamarind seed coat have anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the modulatory potential of methanolic extract of seed coat of T. indica on oestrogen and progesterone production in MCF-7 cancer cell line. T. indica seeds were procured locally, shade dried and the seed coat was removed and extracted with methanol, followed by concentration of the extract using a rotary vacuum evaporator. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of seed coat extract was performed. The cytotoxicity of T. indica seed coat was assessed in MCF-7 cells using MTT assay and the IC50 was determined. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic compounds, diterpenes, saponins, glycosides and tannins were discovered by qualitative phytochemical analysis. T. indica seed coat decreased cell viability in a dose dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 16 µg/mL. There was dose dependent decrease in oestrogen concentration, whereas the progesterone concentration was found to be increased after 96hrs of treatment with the extract. From the study it could be concluded that methanolic extract of T. indica showed cytotoxicity in vitro against MCF-7 cell lines and it positively modulated progesterone secretion and negatively modulated oestrogen concentration in a time dependent fashion in MCF-7 cell lines. Present in vitro study shows that methanolic extract seed coat of T. indica may have promising role in breast cancer prevention, hence it can be used to develop novel compounds against hormone dependent breast cancer.
Impact of planting dates on Thrips tabaci Lindeman infestation and yield in onion (Allium cepa L.) in central India
Authors: Dwivedi Pradip Kumar , Tripathi Ram Asrey , Mishra Sudhakar Prasad , Tripathi Shikha , Kumar Mukul , Panday Anand Kumar , Pandey Manjul , Tiwari Surendra Kumar
Published: April 2022

The aim of the present research work was to investigate the impact of planting dates on thrips populations in onions was monitored throughout two growing seasons and field experiments were carried out for two years (2013-14 to 2014-15) to determine the Impact of planting dates on Thrips tabaci Lindeman infestation and yield in onion (Allium cepa L.) in central part of India. Plant samples were collected to assess Impact of planting dates on thrips and their abundance. Results showed that the significantly lowest population of onion thrips was recorded on 1st November transplanted onion crop (12.97 thrips/plant), while significantly highest population of onion thrips was recorded on 15th January transplanted onion crop (34.25 thrips/plant). Significantly higher yield was recorded in 1st January transplanted crop (275.83 q/ha), while significantly lowest yield was recorded in 1st November transplanted crop (236.30 q/ha).
Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. on Seed Germination of Chickpea
Authors: Samanta Arabinda
Published: April 2022

The present study has been done to investigate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus globulus on seed germination and rate of radicle growth of Chickpea under laboratory conditions. The study found complete inhibition of seed germination under the treatment of concentrated raw extract (14.28gm/100 ml) and its different dilutions (viz-90%, 70%, 50%, 30% & 10%). Later, a much-diluted raw extract (5.26gm/100ml) was made with its different dilutions as above to study germinations. Later case showed a gradual inhibition in radicle growth with the increasing concentration with a correlation coefficient (r=0.72).
Cooperation and Collaboration for Sustainable Tourism: Key to Recovery and Growth in post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Sthapit Arhan
Published: April 2022

No abstract available.
Ljudsko dostojanstvo i kraj života
Authors: Poslon Luka
Published: April 2022

U radu je na temelju pregleda postojećega pristupa problematici prikazan pristup kraju ljudskoga života koji afirmira ljudsko dostojanstvo, koji pronalazimo u palijativnoj skrbi s ciljem poštovanja prirodnoga tijeka života i podizanjem kvalitete života, uklanjanja boli te svih simptoma bolesti. U radu je ukazano na potencijalne probleme do kojih dolazimo prilikom legalizacije eutanazije.
The model of saving the mental health of the adolescent population in the city of Kirov
Authors: Zlokazova M V , Semakina N V
Published: April 2022

Mental health and mental well-being of the population are the most important prerequisites for a good quality of life. A special position in the healthcare of the Russian Federation is occupied by the protection of the health of the younger generation, therefore, in the implementation of national projects, much attention is paid to the development of infrastructure for providing multiprofessional medical care to children and the prevention of mental and somatic diseases.

Purpose. Description of the model of saving the mental health of the adolescent population, implemented in the city of Kirov (model). The presented materials reflect the advantages and novelty of the model organized with the involvement of the resources of related departments for the implementation of psychological education and continuous prevention with a risk group in schools, routing of persons with prenosological have shown the effectiveness of diagnostics using psycho-diagnostic screening to identify RISK GROUPS and PHENOMENOLOGICAL MENTAL STATES for further preventive work and medical and psychological assistance aimed at preventing the development of clinically pronounced MENTAL DISORDERS with impaired social adaptation.

A detailed description of the stages of the model is presented, in which emphasis is placed on preventive work with the risk group in general education schools and medical, psychological and social care for persons with prenosological conditions in pediatric medical institutions, which reduces stigmatizing aspects and increases accessibility.

Step-by-step implementation of measures involving administrative and human resources of departments providing preventive care and medical and psychosocial assistance to adolescents allows you to model and adapt the structure without attracting additional economic costs, which shows the versatility and functionality of the model.
«A lot of quotes, a lot of grief, but little scientific» A few comments on the discussion (questions to the authors of the review and article) «The crisis of natural science and humanitarian approaches in psychiatry»
Authors: Nosachev G N , Nosachev I G
Published: April 2022

The discourse is based on a review (article) by I.M.Zislin on an article by N.G. Neznanov et al. (Review of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology. 2019;1: 8-15). Based on the methodology and philosophy of science, the key words of the review are discussed. The subject of psychiatry as a medical (clinical) science is analyzed — the same for all its sections, taking into account the principle of demarcation. The humanitarian approach is reduced to the humanitarian (axiological, pragmatic) paradigm of psychiatry, in particular, the crisis of psychology. The importance of including spirituality in the biopsychosocial model (BPS model), mainly through psychotherapy, is pointed out.
Neuropsychological diagnosis in the acute period of ischemic stroke
Authors: Tynterova A M , Perepelitsa S A , Skalin Yu E , Reverchuk I V , Tikhonova O A , Grishina AA A A
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study — to establish the severity of cognitive, psychoemotional, motivational and behavioral disorders in patients after acute period of ischemic stroke.

Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Depending on severity of neurological deficit according to the national stroke scale (NIHSS), patients were divided into two groups: group 1 — 30 patients with an NIHSS score of 0 to 8, associated with mild neurological deficit, group 2 — 30 patients with an NIHSS score of 9 to 15, associated with moderate neurological deficits. The study was conducted on the 7th day of treatment and included: assessment of the cognitive status according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale; assessment of the level of distress, depression, anxiety and somatization using the Four Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire; assessment of mental and physical asthenia according to the MFI-20 scale, level of self-control using the Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale and assessment of the personality and the familial unconscious in Szondi’s test. Results. The study established the prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment in patients with moderate neurological deficits. Patients with mild neurological deficits are characterized by a moderate level of somatization, mental and physical asthenia, a low level of self-control in relation to health, low adherence to treatment and poor motivation to recover.

Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the need inclusion of assessment of psychoemotional factors and personal resources of the patient in relation to illness and recovery in early diagnosis of patients with stroke. Along with neurological deficits, it is necessary to assess the cognitive, emotional and motivational levels of the “internal picture of the disease”. This can help determine the patient’s basic compensatory and adaptive capabilities and develop individual rehabilitation strategies.
Psychological adaptation and quality of life of patients who underwent lower limb amputation due to cancer
Authors: Shchelkova O Yu , Iakovleva M V , Usmanova E B , Sushentsov E A , Sofronov D I
Published: April 2022

Patients who face a stressful situation related to cancer and loss of a limb have not been thoroughly studied form a psychological perspective, what limits the possibilities of targeted psychological assistance and social rehabilitation. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the clinical and psychological status, strategies and personal resources for coping with the stress of the disease, as well as the main parameters of the quality of life (QoL) of patients who underwent lower limb amputation due to cancer (group 1, n = 24, men — 62.5%, average age 47.25 ± 3.17), in comparison with patients amputated due to other somatic diseases not accompanied by an actual vital threat (group 2, n = 15, men — 93.3%, average age 59.67 ± 2.27), as well as with normative psychodiagnostic data. Methods of clinical and psychological diagnostics were used, including “Ways of Coping Questionnaire”, “Big V Questionnaire”, “Purpose in Life Test”, EORTC “Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Questionnaire” (QLQ-C30). It was found that functional capability (p<0.01), objective (p<0.001) and subjective (p<0.001) severity of pain syndrome, as well as employment (p=0.05) have the lowest indicators in group 1 compared with group 2; at the same time, the levels of QoL in both groups of patients do not differ and do not correspond the expert assessment, exceeding it; patients rate their cognitive and emotional activity most highly; the lowest, physical and role activity, and financial impact. In the structure of coping of group 1, the strategy “Seeking for social support” predominates; the values of the scales “Distancing” (p=0.05), “Escape–avoidance” (0.1<p<0.05), “Positive reappraisal” (p<0.05) are higher than in group 2, but lower than average normative values. In the personality of patients in group 1, “Conscientiousness” (p=0.01) and “Openness” (0.1<p<0.05) prevail in comparison with patients in group 2, as well as “Extraversion” (0.1<p<0.05), “Conscientiousness” (p<0.001) and “Emotional stability / Neuroticism” (p<0.05) — compared with the mean values of the test. The indicators of the scales “Meaning of life” (p<0.01), “Fullness of life” (p<0.01), “Life satisfaction” (p<0.01) in group 1 are higher than in group 2; patients’ internality is higher than in the control sample of men (0.1<p<0.05) and women (p<0.01). The results obtained can be used in the process of rehabilitation of orthopedic cancer patients.
Looking to the Future of FA: The Product Analysis Forum
Authors: Clark Richard
Published: April 2022

The Product Analysis Forum (PAF), sponsored by the Quality Council of SEMATECH, has been chartered to facilitate the ongoing development of tools and techniques for semiconductor characterization and failure analysis. Drawing on input from industry experts, universities, and national laboratories, the PAF has identified critical needs in three areas: software fault isolation, backside fault isolation, and deprocessing & inspection. This article discusses the current state of deprocessing and inspection technology and provides insights into how some of the future challenges will be addressed.
Bitemporal Blindness in Traumatic Head Injury
Authors: Wahab Nurul Zulaikha , Tai Evelyn , Wan Hitam Wan Hazabbah , Sonny Teo Abdullah Khairy Shamel
Published: April 2022

We report a case of isolated bitemporal hemianopia in traumatic chiasmal syndrome. A 20-year-old male motorcyclist was brought unconscious into the emergency department after an alleged accident involving a horse-drawn vehicle. He was intubated for three days. Computed topography of the brain revealed bifrontal and facial bone fractures, associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage. He underwent frontal bone and facial bone reconstruction. Three weeks later, patient complained of left eye blurred vision. On examination, the visual acuity was 6/7.5 in the right eye and 6/12 in the left eye, with a left relative afferent pupillary defect. Visual field charting showed complete bitemporal hemianopia. Over the next six months, the visual acuity of the left eye worsened to 6/45, while the field defect remained static. Bitemporal hemianopia in traumatic chiasmal syndrome is a rare complication of severe head injury. A history of trauma should always be elucidated in patients with visual field defects.
KONUT FİYATLARI ÜZERİNDE ETKİLİ OLAN SOSYO EKONOMİK UNSURLARIN HEDONİK FİYAT MODELİYLE ARAŞTIRILMASI: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖZEN Kerem
Published: April 2022

Tüketicinin teknolojiye dayalı yatırımları konut fiyatlarında meydana gelen değişimler ile yakından ilgilidir. Aynı zaman da konut piyasasında ne kadar farklılık mevcut ise fiyatlarda meydana gelen etki o kadar farklı olmaktadır. Konut fiyatlarında meydana gelen bu değişimler saf fiyat ve kalite fiyatı olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Her iki yöntemde de ölçümlerinde tekrarlanan satışlar modeli, hedonik fiyat modeli ve hibrit modeller yer almaktadır. Ancak içlerinden en güçlü olan hedonik endeksler yaygın olarak çalışmalarda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hedonik fiyat, konut fiyatlarındaki meydana gelen değişikliklerin etkili bir sonuca varabilmesini açıklamaktadır. Kredi kullanımlarının artması, kredi sorumluluklarından kaynaklanan alacak-borç işlemlerini menkul kıymet kurumunun devralması ve ilgili varlık kaynaklarını tedarik eden menkul kıymetler ile beraber ev fiyatları üzerinde aşırı bir yükseliş meydana getirmiştir. Bu amaçla, çalışmada Türkiye İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflandırması (İBBS) düzey 2 bölgelerinde bulunan konutların satış fiyatları üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesini ve bu etkilerin yönünü belirlemesi amaçlanmaktadır. Düzey 2 sınıflandırmasında yer alan 26 bölgeye ait 2011-2020 dönemi verileri kullanılarak ekonometrik analiz yapılmıştır. Sabit etki modelinden elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre kişi başı gelirde meydana gelen artışlar konut fiyat endeksini pozitif yönde etkilerken işsizlik oranındaki meydana gelen artışlar endeks değeri üzerinde negatif yönde bir etki yaratmıştır. TÜFE ve nüfus değişkenlerinin etkileri açısından istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir sonuca ulaşılamamıştır.
Modern Problems of the Development of Russian Higher Education as a Practice-Oriented Professional Education
Authors: Kiselev Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2022

The following paper analyzes the Russian system of education. Modern practice in the development of higher professional education shows that today's graduates of Russian universities for the most part are not prepared for real practical work in organizations as professionals. Undoubtedly, the time and changing conditions for the implementation of the activities of Russian universities over the past three decades have changed significantly. However, the training of modern professionals in the new conditions was based not on the domestic experience of universities, but on foreign approaches to two-level higher education – the training of graduates of Russian universities as bachelors and masters. But at the same time, Russian researchers and officials do not have a clear understanding of the difference in the level of professional training of students, both bachelors and masters. And the declared new “competence-based approach”, when it is proposed to form students with rather “vague” competencies, presented in the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education 3++, does not allow employers to see the professionals they need in a modern university graduate. And the fact that the modern West does not recognize the diplomas of graduates of Russian universities indicates that today it is necessary to implement a policy of import substitution in higher education, and, based on domestic experience in training graduates of Russian universities as specialists-engineers, to prepare them for real practical work in Russian organizations.
Categories of Aspect and Mood in Old English
Authors: Selezneva Olga Nikolaevna
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the categories of aspect and mood in the Old English language. The category of aspect’s formation, which performed the primary grammatical function in Old English, must be considered together with temporal oppositions’ development, since Old English forms simultaneously transmitted aspectual information. As for the Old English mood, the optative one with the verbs sculan/willan is of particular interest, because its development went along several directions with the transformation into modern constructions shall/will + infinitive, should/would + infinitive.
Praktiko-orientirovannoe napravlenie v obuchenii stroitel'stvu zheleznykh dorog
Authors: Konnov Vasilii Ivanovich , Domashina Ekaterina Eduardovna , Emelianova Valeriia Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the educational process built with the help of practice-oriented technologies. It brought academic railway disciplines studied by higher education students closer to their future profession. Necessary conditions for purposeful formation of competitiveness of participating students as future specialists were created. Students master the profession of railway engineer not only from textbooks and drawings, but directly including in its simplest forms. The students, participants of this educational process have formed: system thinking; developed skills of teamwork in the mode of discussions to find ways to solve assigned tasks; developed the ability to think independently; increased interest in the profession of a railway engineer. These qualities, necessary for a specialist, were manifested and consolidated by the students who participated in the research work on strengthening the railroad track at 6101 km of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Transformatsiia sotsial'no-ekonomicheskikh sistem v usloviiakh vnedreniia kontseptsii tsifrovogo proizvodstva
Authors: Levitskaia Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2022

The article examines the topic of global changes of soicio-economic systems which result in the process of digitalization. The process of promoting and implementing digital trends in the socio-economic sphere and the global system of open and individualized professional knowledge within the framework of continuing education form a fundamentally new information content. The process of digitalization is inextricably linked with the integration of technologies, process of management in the digital environment, innovative methods and approaches in educational models. Updating the institutional and organizational structures of the management sector forms competencies and knowledge within the framework of the computer-aided design system.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi PPK Sebagai Penyelenggara Kontrak Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah
Authors: Metasari Yelly
Published: April 2022

Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 12 tahun 2021 tentang Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah belum memberikan Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen (PPK) sebagai Penyelenggara Kontrak Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah. Pada prakteknya, Ketentuan Pasal 77 Perpres Nomor 12 Tahun 2021 tidak dilaksanakan, hak pejabat pemerintah untuk mendapatkan perlindungan hukum dalam rangka menghadapi aduan terhadap dugaan adanya kerugian negara belum diatur. Ada 2 (dua) permasalahan yang akan dibahas. Pertama, Apakah Perpres Nomor 12 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah sudah memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada PPK sebagai penyelenggara kontrak pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah? Kedua, Bagaimanakah bentuk tindakan pemerintah dalam rangka memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada PPK sebagai penyelenggara kontrak pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah? Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Bahan-bahan yang dikaji adalah bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Ada 2 (dua) simpulan sebagai hasil penelitian, Pertama, Perpres Nomor 12 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah belum memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada PPK sebagai penyelenggara kontrak pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah, Kedua, Bentuk tindakan pemerintah dalam rangka memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi PPK sebagai penyelenggara kontrak pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah adalah memberikan kesempatan pada PPK untuk dapat menggunakan haknya dalam hal memberikan jawaban dan penjelasan atas terjadinya dugaan kerugian negara. Saran yang dapat dikemukakan dalam penelitian yaitu, Pertama, Perlu dibentuk Undang-Undang tentang Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah yang mengatur secara tegas terkait pemberian perlindungan hukum bagi PPK sebagai penyelenggara kontrak pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah, Kedua, Bentuk perlindungan hukum yang akan diberikan oleh pemerintah kepada PPK sebagai penyelenggara kontrak pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah adalah Pemberian jaminan kerja berupa asuransi hukum kepada pengelola pengadaan khususnya PPK, polis asuransi ini dianggarkan pada setiap paket pengadaan yang akan dilakukan tender.
ASEAN’s “actorness” and “effectiveness” regarding the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rollet Vincent
Published: April 2022

English Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a new significant test for the role of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in regional health governance in Southeast Asia. Assessing ASEAN’s role during the pandemic through the concepts of “actorness” and “effectiveness,” the article argues that while ASEAN displayed all the attributes of actorness during the COVID-19 pandemic when it comes to its effectiveness, the capacity of the regional institution to reach the objectives it committed to has been rather limited. Explaining the reasons for such “effectiveness–expectation gap” and, considering the last policy development in the region related to regional health coordination, the article identifies several conditions for ASEAN to strengthen its capacity to act effectively on regional health cooperation, and to contribute to the strengthening of a regional health response to a possible future epidemic threat.

Spanish Abstract:
El COVID-19 representa una nueva e importante prueba para el papel de la ASEAN en la gobernanza sanitaria regional. Al evaluar su papel durante la pandemia a través de los conceptos de “actuación” y “eficacia”, el artículo sostiene que, si bien la ASEAN mostró todos los atributos de actoría durante la pandemia, en lo que respecta a su eficacia, su capacidad para alcanzar los objetivos a los que se comprometió ha sido limitada. Explicando las razones de esa “brecha entre eficacia y expectativas” y considerando el último desarrollo de políticas de coordinación sanitaria regional, el artículo identificó varios prerrequisitos como ineludibles en su búsqueda por reforzar la eficacia para garantizar la cooperación sanitaria regional en el Sudeste Asiático y mejorar la respuesta regional ante una próxima amenaza sanitaria.

French Abstract:
La pandémie de COVID-19 représente un test significatif pour apprécier le rôle de l’Association des nations de l’Asie du Sud-Est (ASEAN) au sein de la gouvernance sanitaire régionale en Asie du Sud-Est. En évaluant le rôle de l’ASEAN pendant cette pandémie à travers les concepts d’actorness (capacité à agir) et d’effectiveness (efficacité), cet article montre que si l’ASEAN a exprimé sa capacité à agir pendant cette crise sanitaire, son efficacité, i.e son aptitude à atteindre les objectifs qu’elle s’est fixés, a été plutôt limitée. Les raisons d’un tel écart entre efficacité et attentes (effectiveness-expectations gap) sont expliquées dans l’article qui identifie plusieurs conditions pour que l’ASEAN contribue efficacement au renforcement d’une réponse sanitaire régionale indispensable face à une éventuelle prochaine menace épidémique.
Doctos y legos
Authors: Pacheco Soriano Ana Laura , Dor Ariane , Ramos Muñoz Dora Elia
Published: April 2022

English Abstract:
Our objective is to describe how a group of scientists (doctos) and people of the coast of Chiapas (legos) perceive the Sterile Insect Technique and to analyze how knowledge is socially constructed around it. During 2017 and 2018, with qualitative techniques, we analyzed the social dialogue in the discourses of interactions during workshops, meetings with different age groups, meeting with municipal and local authorities between two ejidos inhabitants, public services people, students and technicians of a biofactory. We describe a bricolage where common references help bring different ontologies, but legos and doctos face a future in which mosquitoes and nature impose challenges that only together they can solve. Here, we document the Sterile Insect Technique sociocultural complexity, and we propose cultural translation exercises for the integral management of mosquito vectors of diseases.

Spanish Abstract:
El presente trabajo describe la manera en la que un grupo de científicos (doctos) y pobladores (legos) de la costa de Chiapas, México perciben la Técnica del Insecto Estéril (TIE). A partir de una metodología cualitativa, analizamos la construcción social del conocimiento sobre la TIE a través del tiempo. En 2017 y 2018 realizamos en dos ejidos rurales, el análisis del registro de talleres y pláticas entre científicos, diferentes grupos de la sociedad, personal de instituciones de salud, y técnicos de una Biofábrica en Tapachula, Chiapas. A partir de un diálogo social describimos las referencias comunes que acercan las ontologías de doctos y legos. Ambos grupos se enfrentan a los mosquitos y la naturaleza, un reto que solo juntos podrán resolver. Documentamos la complejidad sociocultural de la TIE y proponemos ejercicios de traducción cultural para proyectos que busquen incidir en enfermedades zoonóticas.

French Abstract:
Notre objectif a été de décrire la façon dont un groupe de scientifiques (érudits) et d’habitants (laïcs) de la côte du Chiapas (Mexique) perçoivent la Technique de l’insecte stérile (TIS) et d’analyser comment ces connaissances sont socialement construites. Au cours des années 2017 et 2018, nous avons étudié, au moyen de techniques qualitatives, le dialogue social en enregistrant les interactions entre érudits et laïcs durant des ateliers et des discussions avec les autorités locales et municipales impliquant différents groupes d’âge, dans deux villages (ejidos) près de Tapachula (Etat du Chiapas). Nous décrivons un bricolage dans lequel des références communes aident à rapprocher différentes ontologies, mais les érudits et les laïcs sont confrontés à un avenir dans lequel les moustiques et la nature leur imposent des défi s qu’ils ne peuvent résoudre qu’ensemble. Nous contribuons à documenter la complexité socioculturelle de la TIS et proposons des exercices de traduction culturelle pour des projets qui cherchent à influencer les zoonoses.
Atoyac de Álvarez, Guerrero
Authors: Madrid Morales Esther
Published: April 2022

Atoyac de Álvarez es un municipio ubicado en la región Costa Grande de Guerrero, México, y forma parte de la subcuenca hidrológica Número 19Af conocida como cuenca del río Atoyac. En la localidad del Ticuí, separada de la cabecera municipal por el cauce principal del río Atoyac, se encuentran vestigios de una interesante e imponente fábrica de hilados y tejidos que comenzó su producción en 1905 y representó un importante ícono económico para toda la región Costa Grande. Esta fábrica fue construida a las orillas del río con el objetivo de utilizar la corriente natural del mismo, en las turbinas hidroeléctricas empleadas en la manufactura de hilos y telas. En décadas anteriores, los traslados entre El Ticuí y Atoyac requerían el empleo de canoas. Hoy en día, ambas localidades se comunican por un puente peatonal y vehicular de concreto. Sobre el puente se puede apreciar a simple vista, tanto los vestigios de la fábrica de hilados y tejidos, como descargas municipales y particulares hacia el río, aunadas a la basura que tiran muchas de las personas que transitan por la zona.
Incidence of Viral Hepatitis in Military Personnel Performing External Missions
Authors:   Medical Analysis Laboratory, Constanta Military Emergency Hospital, Romania, STOICA VADUVA Izabela Oana , DUMITRU Magdalena Irina ,   Adult Clinic II, Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Constanta, Romania
Published: April 2022

Soldiers on missions are at risk of contracting major infectious diseases. Some of the most common food or water-borne diseases include diarrhea (bacterial and protozoan), hepatitis A, and typhoid fever, all of which pose serious threats to communities. The studied group consists of 102 people who performed missions in the theater of operations in Mali between December 2020 and September 2021. The tests were performed in the medical analysis laboratory of the Military Emergency Hospital. The group consists of male with an average age of 35-45 years. Analyzes were performed in the fields of microbiology, virology and biochemistry. negative on departure and return only one person was positive, Ac anti HCV remained the same (97 negative people and 5 positive), Ac anti HAV were present in all military personnel returned from the mission, only one soldier returned with Ag Hbe positive (those in which Ag Bhs was also positive), Ac anti Hbs positive in all military. Following the analyzes performed, we came to the conclusion that the protection measures taken in the theaters of operations are effective, as there is no contamination on the studied group with endemic germs of the area.
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Genetic Mechanisms - Focus on Vitamin D Receptor and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphisms
Authors:   „Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, COCOLOS Andra-Maria , POIANA Catalina ,   „Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: April 2022

Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine cancer representing 1-1.5% of all cancers. Approximately 90% of these are differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) with a favorable prognosis and cure rate. DTC has recently witnessed an increase in incidence with a relatively stable mortality rate, mostly due to intensive screening. Despite being considered indolent and the 10-year survival rate being above 90%, local or distant recurrence can be observed in up to 20% of cases. Mutations in BRAF, RET, RAS, NTRK1, PAX8-PPARG are commonly found in DTC but studies show that genetic alterations with apparently no correlation to DTC might improve or aggravate prognosis. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms is consider to be one of these factors, due to the fact that it exerts immunological and antineoplastic functions throught its antiproliferative and prodifferentiating actions. FokI gene polymorphism has been associated with later stage and negative prognosis in different studies. Also, polymorphisms of genes involved in folate metabolism (MTHFR, MTR, RFC1) may be incriminated in carcinogenesis, folate being an extremely important factor in DNA synthesis. Studies suggest that through correction and avoidance of incriminated neoplastic agents, thyroid cancer incidence, evolution and prognosis might improve significantly. For this to be possible we need to be aware of the molecular pathways these environmental factors use to exert their carcinogenic effects.
Preservation of language function by mapping the arcuate fasciculus using intraoperative corticocortical evoked potential under general anesthesia in glioma surgery
Authors: Kim Kyung Min , Kim Sung-Min , Kang Ho , Ji So Young , Dho Yun-Sik , Choi Young-Doo , Kwak Gil Ho , Kim Bo Eun , Oh Hyongmin , Park Hee-Pyoung , Kang Koung Mi , Choi Seung Hong , Kwon Young Nam , Lee Soon-Tae , Seo Han Gil , Park Chul-Kee
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

Intraoperative language mapping under general anesthesia is imperative for brain tumor surgery because awake surgery is not always feasible. Monitoring corticocortical evoked potential (CCEP) is known to be a useful method for tracking neuronal connectivity and localizing functional areas. The authors evaluated the clinical benefit of intraoperative CCEP monitoring for language function preservation in patients undergoing glioma surgery.

METHODS

Between January 2019 and June 2021, the authors performed a total of 29 consecutive glioma surgeries using CCEP monitoring under general anesthesia because of a risk of speech impairment; these were analyzed. Language area mapping was implemented by the anterior language area to posterior language area CCEP method for arcuate fasciculus mapping, and tumor resection was performed while avoiding the localized language areas. Language function before and after surgery was evaluated by the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT).

RESULTS

Intraoperative CCEP was successfully monitored in 25 patients (86.2%), and a valid signal was undetectable in the other 4 patients. Language function evaluation was possible before and after surgery in a total of 20 patients. Overall, the preservation rate of language function was 65.0%, and the deterioration rate was 35.0% after tumor resection with CCEP monitoring. Among those 8 patients with preoperative COWAT scores ≥ 18, 5 patients (62.5%) successfully preserved their language function, with COWAT scores > 18 after tumor resection. Among the 12 patients with preoperative deteriorated language function (COWAT score < 18), 8 patients (66.7%) showed improvement or preserved language function after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Intraoperative CCEP monitoring of the arcuate fasciculus is an acceptable technology for the preservation of language function under general anesthesia in glioma surgery in patients in whom awake surgery is not feasible.
Evaluating the predictive value of comorbidity indices in pituitary surgery: a mixed-effects modeling study using the Nationwide Readmissions Database
Authors: Shahrestani Shane , Brown Nolan J. , Nasrollahi Tasha S. , Strickland Ben A. , Bakhsheshian Joshua , Ruzevick Jacob J. , Bove Ilaria , Lee Ariel , Emeh Ugochi A. , Carmichael John D. , Zada Gabriel
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

Although pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common intracranial tumors, literature evaluating the utility of comorbidity indices for predicting postoperative complications in patients undergoing pituitary surgery remains limited, thereby hindering the development of complex models that aim to identify high-risk patient populations. We utilized comparative modeling strategies to evaluate the predictive validity of various comorbidity indices and combinations thereof in predicting key pituitary surgery outcomes.

METHODS

The Nationwide Readmissions Database was used to identify patients who underwent pituitary tumor operations (n = 19,653) in 2016–2017. Patient frailty was assessed using the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG) System. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) were calculated for each patient. Five sets of generalized linear mixed-effects models were developed, using as the primary predictors 1) frailty, 2) CCI, 3) ECI, 4) frailty + CCI, or 5) frailty + ECI. Complications of interest investigated included inpatient mortality, nonroutine discharge (e.g., to locations other than home), length of stay (LOS) within the top quartile (Q1), cost within Q1, and 1-year readmission rates.

RESULTS

Postoperative mortality occurred in 73 patients (0.4%), 1-year readmission was reported in 2994 patients (15.2%), and nonroutine discharge occurred in 2176 patients (11.1%). The mean adjusted all-payer cost for the procedure was USD $25,553.85 ± $26,518.91 (Q1 $28,261.20), and the mean LOS was 4.8 ± 7.4 days (Q1 5.0 days). The model using frailty + ECI as the primary predictor consistently outperformed other models, with statistically significant p values as determined by comparing areas under the curve (AUCs) for most complications. For prediction of mortality, however, the frailty + ECI model (AUC 0.831) was not better than the ECI model alone (AUC 0.831; p = 0.95). For prediction of readmission, the frailty + ECI model (AUC 0.617) was not better than the frailty model alone (AUC 0.606; p = 0.10) or the frailty + CCI model (AUC 0.610; p = 0.29).

CONCLUSIONS

This investigation is to the authors’ knowledge the first to implement mixed-effects modeling to study the utility of common comorbidity indices in a large, nationwide cohort of patients undergoing pituitary surgery. Knowledge gained from these models may help neurosurgeons identify high-risk patients who require additional clinical attention or resource utilization prior to surgical planning.
Resection of disseminated recurrent myxopapillary ependymoma with more than 4-year follow-up: operative nuance for prolonged prone position. Illustrative case
Authors: Johnson Reid A. , Cramer Samuel W. , Dusenbery Kathryn , Samadani Uzma
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Symptomatic disseminated myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) in a young person presents a daunting challenge because the risks of prolonged prone positioning and spinal cord injury may outweigh the likelihood of attaining the benefit of gross total resection.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors reported the case of a 15-year-old girl with five discrete recurrent spinal cord ependymomas. The patient received a 25-hour surgical procedure for gross total resection of the tumors and fusion over an approximately 33-hour period. She experienced complete resolution of all preoperative neurological symptoms and subsequently received adjuvant radiation therapy. At 52 months after surgery, she was still experiencing neurologically intact, progression-free survival. This case illustrated one of the most extensive recurrent tumor resections for MPE with prolonged disease-free survival reported to date. It may also represent the longest prone position spinal case reported and was notable for a lack of any of the complications commonly associated with the prolonged prone position.

LESSONS

The authors discussed the complexity of surgical decision-making in a symptomatic patient with multiple disseminated metastases, technical considerations for resection of intradural and intramedullary spinal cord tumors, and considerations for avoiding complications during prolonged positioning necessary for spinal surgery.