bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИНСЕКТИЦИДНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ АЛКИЛПРОИЗВОДНЫХ 5-(П-АМИНОФЕНИЛ)- 1,3,4-ОКСАДИАЗОЛ-2-ТИОНА
Authors: Turayeva Saida M. , Ismailova Dilnoza S. , Muratova Saida Kh. , Allokulova Sitorabonu B.
Published: October 2021

Цель. Изучение инсектицидной активности производных 1,3,4-оксадиазолов в отношении сокососущих вредителей садовых культур (Aphis pomi) и декоративных растений (Macrosiphum rosae).
Методы и материалы исследования. Материалами для исследований послужили алкилпроизводные 5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазол-2-тиона, формулы которых приведены в тексте статьи, взрослые особи яблоневой тли (Aphis pomi) и розовой тли (Macrosiphum rosae). Методы исследования: первичный скрининг инсектицидной активности изучали методом инкубации в чашках Петри взрослых особей насекомых-вредителей. Насекомых подвергали действию веществ в течение 24 часов.
Результаты. Сокососущий вредитель – тля наносит значительный вред растениям, распространяя различные вирусы, поражающие сельскохозяйственные культуры. Для борьбы с сокососущими вредителями необходимы средства химической защиты растений с малой токсичностью для окружающей среды. По результатам скрининга доказано, что биологическая эффективность веществ 2-гексилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазола (1), 2-октилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазола (3) и 2-нонилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазол (4) составляла 98.0%, 97.0% и 99.5% в отношении особи M. rosae. Под воздействием 2-гексилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазола (1), 2-октилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазола (3) и 2-нонилтио­-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазола (4) в дозе 5.0 мг/мл смертность особейA. pomi достигла 99.0%, 83.0% и 90.0%, соответственно.
Впервые изучена летальная концентрация (LC50) 2-гексилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазола (1), 2-гептилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазола (2), 2-октилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазола (3), 2-нонилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазола (4) при контактном действии с насекомым.
Заключение. Таким образом, поиск и создание инсектицидов низкой токсичности для окружающей среды, предотвращающие возникновение резистентности на основе алкилпроизводных 5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазол-2-тиона в защите растений является актуальным направлениям.
Исследование показало, что 2-гексилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазол (1), 2-октилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазол (3) и 2-нонилтио-5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4 оксадиазол (4) в концентрации 0.5 мг/мл сильно токсичны для особей M. rosae и A. pomi.
Работа по использованию алкилпроизводных 5-(п-Аминофенил)-1,3,4-оксадиазол-2-тионов в качестве сельскохозяйственных средств защиты будут продолжены.
Inventory Accounting As a Key Audit Matter
Authors: Sotnikova Lyudmila
Published: October 2021

The article discusses certain aspects of accounting for inventories, which form the item «Inventories» of the balance sheet, which is part of the accounting (financial) statements of public joint-stock companies, which auditors qualify as a key audit issue during the audit. In the article, the author analyzes the tendencies in the formation of key audit issues from one reporting period to another and discloses the composition of audit procedures used by auditors to identify the reliability of the item «Inventories». Due to the fact that the Federal Accounting Standard «Inventories» (FSBU 5/2019) entered into force on January 1, 2021 for mandatory application, it was expected that the transition period to the beginning of its application would be more broadly reflected in the composition of key audit issues.
Smart kontrakty w prawie umów
Authors: Kowacz Krzysztof , Wielgus Kamil
Published: October 2021

Chapter I of the paper focuses on introducing the reader to terminology relevant to the issues of smart contracts and distributed database (i.e. blockchain). It presents the historical and technical outline of these two technologies. The most important advantages and disadvantages (risks) associated with the use of these instruments in trading are briefly pointed out, and the reasons for the wide interest in the discussed technologies within the contemporary legal science are generally explained.
MEMS–VCSEL design method using a diffraction loss map
Authors: Kurokawa Chikako , Suzuki Yuta , Kitagawa Yuma , Tezuka Shin–ichiro
Published: October 2021

The micro–optical resonator of the microelectromechanical system(MEMS) tunable vertical cavity surface emitting laser(VCSEL), which is a gain–guided laser, consists of two mirrors fabricated on semiconductor chips of different materials. To understand the relationship between the curvature radius of the concave mirror and the diameter of the tunnel junction forming the active region, the diffraction loss map was obtained. The Fox–Li method was used with the integral kernel of the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction to simulate an optical resonator with a large Fresnel number. We derived the guideline for the actual bonding process of the different material chips by simulating with each parameter.
A phylogenomic framework for charting the diversity and evolution of giant viruses
Authors: Aylward Frank O. , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Ha Anh D. , Koonin Eugene V.
Published: October 2021

Large DNA viruses of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota have recently emerged as important members of ecosystems around the globe that challenge traditional views of viral complexity. Numerous members of this phylum that cannot be classified within established families have recently been reported, and there is presently a strong need for a robust phylogenomic and taxonomic framework for these viruses. Here, we report a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of the Nucleocytoviricota, present a set of giant virus orthologous groups (GVOGs) together with a benchmarked reference phylogeny, and delineate a hierarchical taxonomy within this phylum. We show that the majority of Nucleocytoviricota diversity can be partitioned into 6 orders, 32 families, and 344 genera, substantially expanding the number of currently recognized taxonomic ranks for these viruses. We integrate our results within a taxonomy that has been adopted for all viruses to establish a unifying framework for the study of Nucleocytoviricota diversity, evolution, and environmental distribution.
Prevalence, intensity and associated risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infections among schoolchildren around Lake Tana, northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Hailegebriel Tamirat , Nibret Endalkachew , Munshea Abaineh , Ameha Zena
Published: October 2021

Background

Schistosomiasis is one of the widely distributed neglected tropical diseases. It is a serious public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is highly prevalent and widely distributed in Ethiopia due to suitable environmental factors and human activities. The prevalence and infection intensity varied from locality to locality in the country. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni infection and associated risk factors among schoolchildren around Lake Tana.

Methods

A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 710 schoolchildren from February to April 2021 in eight selected primary schools around Lake Tana. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic information and potential risk factors of S. mansoni infection. After collecting socio-demographic information, students were requested to bring about 2grams of stool specimens for parasitological examination. The collected stool samples were processed using a single Kato-Katz and Ritchie’s concentration techniques. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and factors with a p-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Results

The overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 34.9% (95% CI: 31.4–38.7) among schoolchildren in the study area. The eggs per gram (EPG) of stool ranged from 24 to 1659 with arithmetic and geometric mean values of 138.1 EPG and 85.1 EPG, respectively. The majority of S. mansoni infections (61.4%) were classified as low infection intensity. Among the different determinant factors being male (AOR = 1.74; 95%CI = 1.233–2.457; P-value = 0.002), bathing habits (AOR = 1.494; 95%CI = 1.013–2.199; P-value = 0.043) and students attending at Qunzela primary school (AOR = 10.545; 95%CI = 3.264–34.067; P-value = 0.001), Alabo primary school (AOR = 3.386; 95%CI = 1.084–10.572; P-value = 0.036) were significantly associated with S. mansoni infection.

Conclusion

This study revealed that more than one-third of schoolchildren were infected by S. mansoni in the study area. The majority of the infections were classified as low infection intensity. Being male, bathing habits and schools in which students attended were independent explanatory factors for S. mansoni infection. Therefore, integrated control strategies are needed to improve the health conditions of schoolchildren in the study area.
Identification of novel proteins and mRNAs differentially bound to the Leishmania Poly(A) Binding Proteins reveals a direct association between PABP1, the RNA-binding protein RBP23 and mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins
Authors: Assis Ludmila A. , Santos Filho Moezio V. C. , da Cruz Silva Joao R. , Bezerra Maria J. R. , de Aquino Irassandra R. P. U. C. , Merlo Kleison C. , Holetz Fabiola B. , Probst Christian M. , Rezende Antonio M. , Papadopoulou Barbara , da Costa Lima Tamara D. C. , de Melo Neto Osvaldo P.
Published: October 2021

Poly(A) Binding Proteins (PABPs) are major eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with multiple roles associated with mRNA stability and translation and characterized mainly from multicellular organisms and yeasts. A variable number of PABP homologues are seen in different organisms however the biological reasons for multiple PABPs are generally not well understood. In the unicellular Leishmania, dependent on post-transcriptional mechanisms for the control of its gene expression, three distinct PABPs are found, with yet undefined functional distinctions. Here, using RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis we show that the Leishmania PABP1 preferentially associates with mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins, while PABP2 and PABP3 bind to an overlapping set of mRNAs distinct to those enriched in PABP1. Immunoprecipitation studies combined to mass-spectrometry analysis identified RBPs differentially associated with PABP1 or PABP2, including RBP23 and DRBD2, respectively, that were investigated further. Both RBP23 and DRBD2 bind directly to the three PABPs in vitro, but reciprocal experiments confirmed preferential co-immunoprecipitation of PABP1, as well as the EIF4E4/EIF4G3 based translation initiation complex, with RBP23. Other RBP23 binding partners also imply a direct role in translation. DRBD2, in contrast, co-immunoprecipitated with PABP2, PABP3 and with RBPs unrelated to translation. Over 90% of the RBP23-bound mRNAs code for ribosomal proteins, mainly absent from the transcripts co-precipitated with DRBD2. These experiments suggest a novel and specific route for translation of the ribosomal protein mRNAs, mediated by RBP23, PABP1 and the associated EIF4E4/EIF4G3 complex. They also highlight the unique roles that different PABP homologues may have in eukaryotic cells associated with mRNA translation.
The secondary messenger ppGpp interferes with cAMP-CRP regulon by promoting CRP acetylation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ro Chunghwan , Cashel Michael , Fernández-Coll Llorenç
Published: October 2021

The cAMP-CRP regulon coordinates transcription regulation of several energy-related genes, the lac operon among them. Lactose, or IPTG, induces the lac operon expression by binding to the LacI repressor, and releasing it from the promoter sequence. At the same time, the expression of the lac operon requires the presence of the CRP-cAMP complex, which promotes the binding of the RNA polymerase to the promoter region. The modified nucleotide cAMP accumulates in the absence of glucose and binds to the CRP protein, but its ability to bind to DNA can be impaired by lysine-acetylation of CRP. Here we add another layer of control, as acetylation of CRP seems to be modified by ppGpp. In cells grown in glycerol minimal media, ppGpp seems to repress the expression of lacZ, where ΔrelA mutants show higher expression of lacZ than in WT. These differences between the WT and ΔrelA strains seem to depend on the levels of acetylated CRP. During the growth in minimal media supplemented with glycerol, ppGpp promotes the acetylation of CRP by the Nε-lysine acetyltransferases YfiQ. Moreover, the expression of the different genes involved in the production and degradation of Acetyl-phosphate (ackA-pta) and the enzymatic acetylation of proteins (yfiQ) are stimulated by the presence of ppGpp, depending on the growth conditions.
Novel regulators of PrPC biosynthesis revealed by genome-wide RNA interference
Authors: Heinzer Daniel , Avar Merve , Pease Daniel Patrick , Dhingra Ashutosh , Yin Jiang-An , Schaper Elke , Doğançay Berre , Emmenegger Marc , Spinelli Anna , Maggi Kevin , Chincisan Andra , Mead Simon , Hornemann Simone , Heutink Peter , Aguzzi Adriano
Published: October 2021

The cellular prion protein PrPC is necessary for prion replication, and its reduction greatly increases life expectancy in animal models of prion infection. Hence the factors controlling the levels of PrPC may represent therapeutic targets against human prion diseases. Here we performed an arrayed whole-transcriptome RNA interference screen to identify modulators of PrPC expression. We cultured human U251-MG glioblastoma cells in the presence of 64’752 unique siRNAs targeting 21’584 annotated human genes, and measured PrPC using a one-pot fluorescence-resonance energy transfer immunoassay in 51’128 individual microplate wells. This screen yielded 743 candidate regulators of PrPC. When downregulated, 563 of these candidates reduced and 180 enhanced PrPC expression. Recursive candidate attrition through multiple secondary screens yielded 54 novel regulators of PrPC, 9 of which were confirmed by CRISPR interference as robust regulators of PrPC biosynthesis and degradation. The phenotypes of 6 of the 9 candidates were inverted in response to transcriptional activation using CRISPRa. The RNA-binding post-transcriptional repressor Pumilio-1 was identified as a potent limiter of PrPC expression through the degradation of PRNP mRNA. Because of its hypothesis-free design, this comprehensive genetic-perturbation screen delivers an unbiased landscape of the genes regulating PrPC levels in cells, most of which were unanticipated, and some of which may be amenable to pharmacological targeting in the context of antiprion therapies.
Key opportunities and challenges for the use of big data in migration research and policy
Authors: Franklinos Lydia H. V. , Parrish Rebecca , Burns Rachel , Caflisch Andrea , Mallick Bishawjit , Rahman Taifur , Routsis Vasileios , López Ana Sebastián , Tatem Andrew J. , Trigwell Robert
Published: October 2021

Migration is one of the defining issues of the 21st century. Better data is required to improve understanding about how and why people are moving, target interventions and support evidence-based migration policy. Big data, defined as large, complex data from diverse sources, is regularly proposed as a solution to help address current gaps in knowledge. The authors participated in a workshop held in London, UK, in July 2019, that brought together experts from the United Nations (UN), humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs), policy and academia to develop a better understanding of how big data could be used for migration research and policy. We identified six key areas regarding the application of big data in migration research and policy: accessing and utilising data; integrating data sources and knowledge; understanding environmental drivers of migration; improving healthcare access for migrant populations; ethical and security concerns around the use of big data; and addressing political narratives. We advocate the need for careful consideration of the challenges faced by the use of big data, as well as increased cross-disciplinary collaborations to advance the use of big data in migration research whilst safeguarding vulnerable migrant communities.
Doing more with less
Authors: Zogaj Fatjon , Cambronero José Pablo , Rinard Martin C. , Cito Jürgen
Published: October 2021

Automated machine learning (AutoML) promises to democratize machine learning by automatically generating machine learning pipelines with little to no user intervention. Typically, a search procedure is used to repeatedly generate and validate candidate pipelines, maximizing a predictive performance metric, subject to a limited execution time budget. While this approach to generating candidates works well for small tabular datasets, the same procedure does not directly scale to larger tabular datasets with 100,000s of observations, often producing fewer candidate pipelines and yielding lower performance, given the same execution time budget. We carry out an extensive empirical evaluation of the impact that downsampling - reducing the number of rows in the input tabular dataset - has on the pipelines produced by a genetic-programming-based AutoML search for classification tasks.
Scaling replicated state machines with compartmentalization
Authors: Whittaker Michael , Ailijiang Ailidani , Charapko Aleksey , Demirbas Murat , Giridharan Neil , Hellerstein Joseph M. , Howard Heidi , Stoica Ion , Szekeres Adriana
Published: October 2021

State machine replication protocols, like MultiPaxos and Raft, are a critical component of many distributed systems and databases. However, these protocols offer relatively low throughput due to several bottlenecked components. Numerous existing protocols fix different bottlenecks in isolation but fall short of a complete solution. When you fix one bottleneck, another arises. In this paper, we introduce compartmentalization, the first comprehensive technique to eliminate state machine replication bottlenecks. Compartmentalization involves decoupling individual bottlenecks into distinct components and scaling these components independently. Compartmentalization has two key strengths. First, compartmentalization leads to strong performance. In this paper, we demonstrate how to compartmentalize MultiPaxos to increase its throughput by 6× on a write-only workload and 16× on a mixed read-write workload. Unlike other approaches, we achieve this performance without the need for specialized hardware. Second, compartmentalization is a technique, not a protocol. Industry practitioners can apply compartmentalization to their protocols incrementally without having to adopt a completely new protocol.
Towards an optimized GROUP by abstraction for large-scale machine learning
Authors: Li Side , Kumar Arun
Published: October 2021

Many applications that use large-scale machine learning (ML) increasingly prefer different models for subgroups (e.g., countries) to improve accuracy, fairness, or other desiderata. We call this emerging popular practice
learning over groups
, analogizing to GROUP BY in SQL, albeit for ML training instead of SQL aggregates. From the systems standpoint, this practice compounds the already data-intensive workload of ML model selection (e.g., hyperparameter tuning). Often, thousands of models may need to be trained, necessitating high-throughput parallel execution. Alas, most ML systems today focus on training one model at a time or at best, parallelizing hyperparameter tuning. This status quo leads to resource wastage, low throughput, and high runtimes. In this work, we take the first step towards enabling and
optimizing
learning over groups from the data systems standpoint for three popular classes of ML: linear models, neural networks, and gradient-boosted decision trees. Analytically and empirically, we compare standard approaches to execute this workload today: task-parallelism and data-parallelism. We find neither is universally dominant. We put forth a novel hybrid approach we call
grouped learning
that avoids redundancy in communications and I/O using a novel form of parallel gradient descent we call Gradient Accumulation Parallelism (GAP). We prototype our ideas into a system we call
Kingpin
built on top of existing ML tools and the flexible massively-parallel runtime Ray. An extensive empirical evaluation on large ML benchmark datasets shows that Kingpin matches or is 4x to 14x faster than state-of-the-art ML systems, including Ray's native execution and PyTorch DDP.
Accelerating approximate aggregation queries with expensive predicates
Authors: Kang Daniel , Guibas John , Bailis Peter , Hashimoto Tatsunori , Sun Yi , Zaharia Matei
Published: October 2021

Researchers and industry analysts are increasingly interested in computing aggregation queries over large, unstructured datasets with selective predicates that are computed using expensive deep neural networks (DNNs). As these DNNs are expensive and because many applications can tolerate approximate answers, analysts are interested in accelerating these queries via approximations. Unfortunately, standard approximate query processing techniques to accelerate such queries are not applicable because they assume the result of the predicates are available ahead of time. Furthermore, recent work using cheap approximations (i.e., proxies) do not support aggregation queries with predicates.

To accelerate aggregation queries with expensive predicates, we develop and analyze a query processing algorithm that leverages proxies (ABAE). ABAE must account for the key challenge that it may sample records that do not satisfy the predicate. To address this challenge, we first use the proxy to group records into strata so that records satisfying the predicate are ideally grouped into few strata. Given these strata, ABAE uses pilot sampling and plugin estimates to sample according to the optimal allocation. We show that ABAE converges at an optimal rate in a novel analysis of stratified sampling with draws that may not satisfy the predicate. We further show that ABAE outperforms on baselines on six real-world datasets, reducing labeling costs by up to 2.3X.
A four-dimensional analysis of partitioned approximate filters
Authors: Schmidt Tobias , Bandle Maximilian , Giceva Jana
Published: October 2021

With today's data deluge, approximate filters are particularly attractive to avoid expensive operations like remote data/disk accesses. Among the many filter variants available, it is non-trivial to find the most suitable one and its optimal configuration for a specific use-case. We provide open-source implementations for the most relevant filters (Bloom, Cuckoo, Morton, and Xor filters) and compare them in four key dimensions: the false-positive rate, space consumption, build, and lookup throughput.

We improve upon existing state-of-the-art implementations with a new optimization, radix partitioning, which boosts the build and lookup throughput for large filters by up to 9x and 5x. Our in-depth evaluation first studies the impact of all available optimizations separately before combining them to determine the optimal filter for specific use-cases. While register-blocked Bloom filters offer the highest throughput, the new Xor filters are best suited when optimizing for small filter sizes or low false-positive rates.
A practical approach to groupjoin and nested aggregates
Authors: Fent Philipp , Neumann Thomas
Published: October 2021

Groupjoins, the combined execution of a join and a subsequent group by, are common in analytical queries, and occur in about 1/8 of the queries in TPC-H and TPC-DS. While they were originally invented to improve performance, efficient parallel execution of groupjoins can be limited by contention, which limits their usefulness in a many-core system. Having an efficient implementation of groupjoins is highly desirable, as groupjoins are not only used to fuse group by and join but are also introduced by the unnesting component of the query optimizer to avoid nested-loops evaluation of aggregates. Furthermore, the query optimizer needs be able to reason over the result of aggregation in order to schedule it correctly. Traditional selectivity and cardinality estimations quickly reach their limits when faced with computed columns from nested aggregates, which leads to poor cost estimations and thus, suboptimal query plans.

In this paper, we present techniques to efficiently estimate, plan, and execute groupjoins and nested aggregates. We propose two novel techniques,
aggregate estimates
to predict the result distribution of aggregates, and
parallel groupjoin execution
for a scalable execution of groupjoins. The resulting system has significantly better estimates and a contention-free evaluation of groupjoins, which can speed up some TPC-H queries up to a factor of 2.
Phoebe
Authors: Zhu Yiwen , Interlandi Matteo , Roy Abhishek , Das Krishnadhan , Patel Hiren , Bag Malay , Sharma Hitesh , Jindal Alekh
Published: October 2021

Easy-to-use programming interfaces paired with cloud-scale processing engines have enabled big data system users to author arbitrarily complex analytical jobs over massive volumes of data. However, as the complexity and scale of analytical jobs increase, they encounter a number of unforeseen problems, hotspots with large intermediate data on temporary storage, longer job recovery time after failures, and worse query optimizer estimates being examples of issues that we are facing at Microsoft.

To address these issues, we propose Phoebe, an efficient learning-based checkpoint optimizer. Given a set of constraints and an objective function at compile-time, Phoebe is able to determine the decomposition of job plans, and the optimal set of checkpoints to preserve their outputs to durable global storage. Phoebe consists of three machine learning predictors and one optimization module. For each stage of a job, Phoebe makes accurate predictions for: (1) the execution time, (2) the output size, and (3) the start/end time taking into account the inter-stage dependencies. Using these predictions, we formulate checkpoint optimization as an integer programming problem and propose a scalable heuristic algorithm that meets the latency requirement of the production environment.

We demonstrate the effectiveness of Phoebe in production workloads, and show that we can free the temporary storage on hotspots by more than 70% and restart failed jobs 68% faster on average with minimum performance impact. Phoebe also illustrates that adding multiple sets of checkpoints is not cost-efficient, which dramatically reduces the complexity of the optimization.
Hopf-type theorem for self-shrinkers
Authors: Alencar Hilário , Silva Neto Gregório , Zhou Detang
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we prove that a two-dimensional self-shrinker, homeomorphic to the sphere, immersed in the three-dimensional Euclidean space

ℝ
3

{{\mathbb{R}}^{3}}

is a round sphere, provided its mean curvature and the norm of the its position vector have an upper bound in terms of the norm of its traceless second fundamental form. The example constructed by Drugan justifies that the hypothesis on the second fundamental form is necessary. We can also prove the same kind of rigidity results for surfaces with parallel weighted mean curvature vector in

ℝ
n

{{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}

with radial weight. These results are applications of a new generalization of Cauchy’s Theorem in complex analysis which concludes that a complex function is identically zero or its zeroes are isolated if it satisfies some weak holomorphy.
The Good Governance Quandary: The Elusive Search for Role Models
Authors: Trebilcock Michael
Published: October 2021

A substantial consensus has emerged in development circles that the reason why some countries are rich and others poor is largely a reflection of the quality of their institutions – political, bureaucratic, and legal – and that countries with seriously dysfunctional institutions cannot expect to pursue a successful long-term trajectory of economic and social development. Many studies support this consensus, but institutional reform efforts for developed countries have resulted in mixed to weak results; many of these efforts have failed, for example, to establish a robust rule of law to protect the rights of citizens, publicly accountable political regimes, a meritocratic, noncorrupt, and efficient bureaucracy, and an independent media. Reportedly up to 60% of donor-assisted reforms have yielded no measurable increase in government effectiveness. It is inferred from this disappointing result that institutional transplants are often ineffective, and the path dependence, caused by accretions of the particularities of given countries’ histories, cultures, politics, ethnic and religious make-up, and geography leaves each country, for the most part, “to write its own history”.
¿Qué son y dónde se sitúan los Estudios Feministas de Seguridad?
Authors: Sjoberg Laura , Silva Sánchez Victoria
Published: October 2021

Esta obra echa la mirada hacia el pasado y hacia el futuro en relación con lo que fue, es y podría ser el trabajo feminista en seguridad, mediante la combinación de un enfoque de sociología histórica con una visión prospectiva del futuro de este campo de estudio. El texto comienza con una reflexión, como cimiento de la discusión, sobre los estudios feministas de seguridad (EFS) antes de la existencia misma de la disciplina. A continuación, discute diferentes ideas sobre lo que los EFS son. Posteriormente, presta atención a las corrientes divergentes dentro los EFS, así como a las omisiones y críticas. Más que buscar reconciliar estas distintas consideraciones, se pregunta por los aspectos que puede tomarse de las mismas para abordar futuros potenciales de los EFS, y su contribución a los feminismos y/o a los estudios de seguridad.
Forgotten Memoirs About F. M. Dostoevsky in the Collection of A. G. Dostoevskaya
Authors: Fokin Pavel
Published: October 2021

In the 140 years that have passed since the death of F. M. Dostoevsky, almost all of his contemporaries’ memoirs about the writer have been published (in separate books and collections). To date, we can assume that the main corpus of Dostoevsky’s contemporaries’ accounts of him is publicly available. However, this does not mean that it is completely exhausted. A review of newspaper clippings collected by A. G. Dostoevskaya allowed us to identify several notes that were previously unaccounted for and missed by the publishers. For the most part, these are small fragments included by their authors in articles on other topics, nevertheless, they are also of interest to the biographers of F. M. Dostoevsky. The article publishes and comments on the memoirs of A. A. Sokolov, S. Atava, Vogue, V. G. Avseenko, V. F. Putsykovich. They are related to the final years of Dostoevsky's life, capturing distinct features of his everyday behavior, specific phrases and statements. Of interest is the story related by V. G. Avseenko about Dostoevsky's attitude to the political events in Europe, as well as Dostoevsky's commentary on his “The Grand Inquisitor,” was recorded by V. F. Putskovich after a meeting in Berlin in 1879.
Floristic composition and potential invasiveness of alien herbaceous plant in Western Mexico
Authors: Pérez-Postigo Isabel , Vibrans Heike , Bendix Jörg , Cuevas-Guzmán Ramón
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Numbers of alien plant species are rising around the globe, but not all of them become invasive. Whereas introductions have been documented for several decades in some regions of the world, knowledge on alien species in Western Mexico is limited. Here, we study roadside vegetation along an elevational gradient, which includes a protected area. Objective: We analysed the floristic composition of herbaceous alien species, their distribution patterns, and their relationship with various environmental factors. A relative importance value index (IVI) identified the most important and, therefore, probably invasive taxa. Methods: During 2017 and 2018, roadside vegetation was documented with 4-6 transects every 300 altitudinal meters, from 0 to 2 100 m, for a total of 37 transects. Each transect consisted of five 1 m² plots. All herbaceous species were registered and alien taxa identified. A cluster analysis distinguished grouping of species based on elevation. The potentially invasive species were identified by their IVI, based on the sum of relative frequency and density values. The influence of environmental variables was analysed with a canonical correspondence analysis. Results: Most alien species were grasses; other families were represented by one or two species. The species were grouped into three main clusters. The first group included rare species, the second consisted of species restricted to higher altitudes, and the third group were tropical taxa with a distribution from sea level to medium altitudes. The most important potentially invasive species were: Urochloa maxima, Melinis repens, Eragrostis ciliaris and Cynodon dactylon, all African grasses introduced for grazing. The IVI of the species was related to tree cover, leaf litter depth and surface stone cover for some species and, for others, to soil compaction, distance to major roads and elevation. Conclusions: The alien ruderal species clustered according to the general climate (temperate vs. tropical). Grasses of African origin are of highest concern as invasive species. Although most introductions are related to human disturbance, each species becomes dominant under certain environmental conditions. Thus, management programs must be specifically adjusted to each individual invasive alien.
On the Negativity of the Walsh–Kaczmarz–Riesz Logarithmic Kernels
Authors: Gát György , Lucskai Gábor
Published: October 2021

The main aim of this paper is to prove that the nonnegativity of the Riesz’s logarithmic kernels with respect to the Walsh– Kaczmarz system fails to hold.
Biodiversity of commercially important finfish species caught by mid-water and bottom trawls from two different coasts of Arabian Sea: Threats and conservation strategies
Authors: Ul-Hassan H. , Mahboob S. , Masood Z. , Riaz M. N. , Rizwan S. , Al-Misned F. , Abdel-Aziz M.F.A. , Al-Ghanim K. A. , Gabol K. , Chatta A.M. , Khan N.A. , Saeed  , Waqar M.
Published: October 2021

Abstract This study was conducted to estimate the diversity and the occurrence of commercially important finfish species collected by twenty fish sampling site of Sindh and Baluchistan coasts of the Arabian Sea in Pakistan from January to December 2019. Additionally, physicochemical characteristics of seawater were analyzed from these selected sites and found to be within suitable ranges required for fish growth and survive. A total of 81287 fish individuals were collected and identified as 49 species belonging to 26 families in our study. The most diversified family was Sparidae (13 species) followed by Carangidae and Lutjanidae (4 species), Mullidae, Serranidae, Ariidae (3 species), and Sciaenidae (2 species). The remaining 20 families were represented by only one species. The values of Shannon diversity index calculated for the four selected habitats revealed that high fish diversity was reported at Sonmiani Coast (H'=1.81), while less at Ormara Coast (H'=0.23). Likewise, Evenness index (E) was high at Sonmiani Coast (E=0.50) and less fish diversity was reported at Ormara Coast (E=0.06). Reducing risks to threatened marine species in coastal habitats also requires conservation actions at multiple scales. Thus, it was concluded that our study could be valuable in providing the more information’s regarding to the diversity of finfish species and their occurrence along the Pakistan Coast. Further, to better understand the effects, regular monitoring and conservation measures should be taken to mitigate the influence of anthropogenic activities and protect finfish diversity from further decline
Stoichioproteomics study of differentially expressed proteins and pathways in head and neck cancer
Authors: Lan Y. , Liang Y. , Xiao X. , Shi Y. , Zhu M. , Meng C. , Yang S. , Khan M. T. , Zhang Y. J.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Hypoxia is a prominent feature of head and neck cancer. However, the oxygen element characteristics of proteins and how they adapt to hypoxia microenvironments of head and neck cancer are still unknown. Human genome sequences and proteins expressed data of head and neck cancer were retrieved from pathology atlas of Human Protein Atlas project. Then compared the oxygen and carbon element contents between proteomes of head and neck cancer and normal oral mucosa-squamous epithelial cells, genome locations, pathways, and functional dissection associated with head and neck cancer were also studied. A total of 902 differentially expressed proteins were observed where the average oxygen content is higher than that of the lowly expressed proteins in head and neck cancer proteins. Further, the average oxygen content of the up regulated proteins was 2.54% higher than other. None of their coding genes were distributed on the Y chromosome. The up regulated proteins were enriched in endocytosis, apoptosis and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. The increased oxygen contents of the highly expressed and the up regulated proteins might be caused by frequent activity of cytoskeleton and adapted to the rapid growth and fast division of the head and neck cancer cells. The oxygen usage bias and key proteins may help us to understand the mechanisms behind head and neck cancer in targeted therapy, which lays a foundation for the application of stoichioproteomics in targeted therapy and provides promise for potential treatments for head and neck cancer.
Simulação de polimedicação e percepções sobre farmacoterapia em estudantes de universidade no Ceará: estudo-piloto
Authors: Bezerra Yuri M. , Pereira Isabelle de Sousa , Sarubbi Rafael D. , Viana Júnior Antônio Brazil , Quidute Ana Rosa P.
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Given the high prevalence of polypharmacy patients, it is paramount that they be handled with an effective therapeutic alliance and with safe and feasible treatments. Empathy towards the patient is essential, and the lack of prescriber experience may hamper such bond. Objectives: This study simulates a polypharmacy regimen among medical students, aiming to promote reflections about the daily challenges faced by patients. Methods: It is a prospective study in a single, non-blind group. The participants were medical students and residents from our institution, all of whom followed a 7-day placebo prescription. They answered questionnaires on their perceptions of medication adherence and concordance before and after the simulation. Results: twenty-eight volunteers participated, 27 of which (96.4%) forgot to take at least one pill during the experiment. Among the lower undergraduates, 28.57% interrupted at least one medication. As for the higher undergraduates and residents, this happened with 71.43% of them. There were more adherence failures than predicted by the participants themselves. In realistic dosages, levothyroxine, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and metformin were the drugs reported to be the most difficult. 96% of the volunteers strongly agreed that doctor and patient’s agreement regarding the treatment correlates with good adherence. Conclusion: Understanding the factors that affect adherence and how to handle them is essential for a doctor, as well as a good bond with the patient. The teaching of these abilities is very necessary. Further studies are needed to reach more undergraduate students and to highlight the relevance of simulations in the medical education setting.
Suporte ético-emocional à profissionais de enfermagem frente à pandemia de COVID-19: relato de experiência
Authors: Amaral Gabriela Gonçalves , Silva Lívia Silveira , Oliveira Jarbas Vieira de , Machado Noelle Melo , Teixeira Juliana Silveira , Passos Hozana Reis
Published: October 2021

Resumo Objetivo Descrever a experiência de planejamento, execução e avaliação de um serviço de suporte ético-emocional para profissionais de enfermagem frente à pandemia de COVID-19. Método Relato de experiência no âmbito da Comissão de Suporte Ético-Emocional do Conselho Regional de Minas Gerais, Brasil, desenvolvido entre os meses de abril e dezembro de 2020 e operacionalizado através de ligações telefônicas e mensagens via aplicativo de comunicação. Resultados Foram atendidos 241 profissionais. Foram revelados e declarados sentimentos, emoções, vivências e problemas oriundos do cotidiano de trabalho da enfermagem diante do contexto pandêmico. Tais problemas reforçam a eminência, a urgência e o valor que o suporte teve para a vida, trabalho e saúde dos profissionais atendidos, configurando-se como uma estratégia de saúde e de intervenção indispensável à promoção, prevenção, segurança e proteção da saúde mental frente à pandemia. Os atendimentos culminaram na redução de sentimentos negativos; na percepção aumentada (identificação de potenciais ameaças e contextos de “gatilhos”); na valorização pessoal; no autoconhecimento e autocuidado. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática O suporte fez-se inovador para área da saúde e da enfermagem ao constituir-se como uma estratégia multidisciplinar promotora, aconselhadora e facilitadora do cuidado em tempos de COVID-19. Encoraja-se a manutenção desta estratégia após a pandemia.
Laboratory evaluation of dynamic shear response of sand – geomembrane interface
Authors: Samanta M. , Bhowmik R. , Khanderi H.
Published: October 2021

The seismic stability of geosynthetic structures incorporating soil-geomembrane interfaces depends largely on their response to dynamic loads caused by earthquakes or traffic. The present study investigates the dynamic shearing response of sand-smooth geomembrane interface through fixed block-type shake table tests. The influence of dynamic loading parameters, like sliding velocity, loading frequency, normal stress, displacement amplitude and the number of cycles, and relative density of sand on the shearing behavior of the sand-geomembrane interface, are examined. Results show that the peak cyclic shear stress is significantly influenced by normal stress, shear displacement amplitude, loading cycles, and relative density of sand. The dynamic coefficient of friction of the sand-geomembrane interface displays an increasing trend with an increase in loading frequency, shear displacement amplitude, and relative density of sand but decreases for the rest of the considered parameters. The shape of the hysteresis loops is dependent on the normal stress and displacement amplitude. The dynamic coefficients of friction are also compared with the corresponding values under static conditions. The results from the present study emphasize the importance of considering the design basis value of the dynamic coefficient of friction for each parameter during the design stage of geosynthetic structures involving sand and geomembrane.
Prefacio
Authors:   UNISINOS-Brasil, Maldonado Efendy , León Castro Edizon ,   Universidad Amawtay Wasi
Published: October 2021

La obra Pensamiento crítico en comunicación: Realizaciones transdisciplinares y transmetodológicas mattelartianas coordinada por los profesores Alberto Efendy Maldonado Gómez de la Torre. y Edizon León Castro, ve la luz luego de un exhaustivo trabajo investigativo y editorial en el que se compila trece investigaciones que apoyan el fortalecimiento de la Cátedra Mattelart de CIESPAL. Es además el cuarto libro que se edita dentro de la Cátedra y que desde el Centro Internacional de Estudios Superiores de Comunicación para América Latina – CIESPAL, se lo difunde de forma libre, con el afán de contribuir a divulgar las propuestas teóricas mattelarianas y su aporte a la corriente crítica latinoamericana.
Epistemología histórica en comunicación: la vertiente Mattelart
Authors:   UNISINOS-Brasil, Maldonado Efendy
Published: October 2021

La constitución del campo de las ciencias de la comunicación en América Latina tiene como protagonistas estratégicos a Armand y Michèle Mattelart; pareja de pensadores e investigadores, de origen europeo, que asumieron el desafío radical de la desconstrucción intelectual, existencial, política y estructural, al transformarse y alfabetizarse como seres latinoamericanos, y al adoptar Nuestra América como biosfera crucial de su existencia y de su producción investigativa. Ese proceso histórico, político y científico, configuró desde inicios de la década de 1960 un compromiso ético y una competencia de conocimientos emblemáticos. Simultáneamente, y, lo que del punto de vista epistemológico es todavía más importante, la inmersión latinoamericana de la pareja Mattelart los llevó a confrontar, mezclar, deconstruir, reformular y aprender de los conocimientos y de las sabidurías indo-afro-mestizas-americanas; de hecho, se nutrieron como pocos de las sabidurías diversas de los pueblos del continente.
Pistas semióticas en Mattelart: reflexión crítica del lugar de enunciación hacia una Semiótica del Sur
Authors:   UNEARTE-UNESR, Padilla-Fernández Noel
Published: October 2021

En el pensamiento crítico de la comunicación de Armand Mattelart encontramos claves necesarias para problematizaciones discursivas interpeladoras del poder. Desde la tangibilidad semiótica reveladora de la intención discursiva de la industria cultural, hasta las reflexiones sobre el poder de los mass medias y control tecnológico del complejo comunicacional, político militar de los Estados Unidos y sus aliados del Atlántico Norte; son premisas centrales para las luchas por librar en territorios simbólicos y epistémicos. En el presente artículo se expone una disertación sobre problematizaciones discursivas que dialoga con el pensamiento de Mattelart, en particular con el libro producido junto Ariel Dorfman, Para Leer al Pato Donald. Comunicación de masas y colonialismo, desde donde surgen posibilidades semióticas problematizadoras del poder y relaciones de dominación, que como carga civilizatoria moderna, se encuentran en los discursos, la producción de sentido, las formas nombrar y relacionarnos. Tal reflexión es fundamental para la comprensión del lugar de enunciación como lugar ontoepistémico, punto focal para la proyección de una Semiótica del Sur.
A supressão da voz feminina nos estudos comunicativo-midiáticos da América Latina. A ideia introdutória de ‘mães’ fundadoras do Pensamento Comunicacional
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Gobbi Maria Cristina
Published: October 2021

Com uma cultura diversificada, uma geografia variada e um extenso território, a América Latina reúne 20 países com histórias que “corrieron paralelas y estuvieron unidas por semejanzas, pero también estuvieron marcadas por diferencias políticas, sociales e culturales” (Cano & Barrancos, 2006, p. 547)
Contra el imperialismo mediático: discurso y representaciones etnomediáticas del Movimiento de los Pueblos Indígenas
Authors:   UFRR, Santi Vilso Junior , Araújo Bryan Chrystian ,   UFRR
Published: October 2021

Desde la divulgación de los datos del censo de 2010 realizado por el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE), Roraima, una Unidad Federativa situada en el extremo norte de Brasil, ha sido reconocida como el estado con el mayor número proporcional de residentes indígenas en el país – alrededor del 11,0% de la población. En ese momento el número de habitantes del estado ascendía a 450.479 personas. De ellos, 55.922 personas se declararon indígenas, 28.763 hombres (51,4%) y 27.159 mujeres (48,6%).
A reconfiguração da sociedade na era da desinformação: reflexões a partir da vertente crítica de Armand e Michèle Mattelart
Authors:   Unipampa, Conceição dos Santos Larissa , Bonito Marco ,   Unipampa, Foletto Rafael ,   UFSM
Published: October 2021

O capítulo visa refletir sobre a problemática da (des)informação na atualidade a partir da perspectiva crítica da comunicação, de Armand e Michèle Mattelart. De maneira específica, busca-se analisar as transformações da sociedade, neste início do século XXI, a partir do lugar central ocupado pela informação. Para este fim, realiza-se uma investigação teórica e reflexiva, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, cuja abordagem comunicacional é de natureza crítica. Como contribuições, problematiza-se o fenômeno da desordem informacional vigente, apontando as possibilidades e limitações na reconfiguração da sociedade da informação para a sociedade desinformada.