bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern technologies as a way to solve innovative problems in interior design
Authors:   Altai State Institute of Culture, Zhuk S.A. , Volkova N. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia, Lutsyk M. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia
Published: January 2021

The article examines modern technologies that contribute to the implementation of creative design ideas, based on the analysis of modern lighting technology and energy saving factors. It is hypothesized that the goal of modern design in this article is defined as the creation of new space and values, through the renewal of the human environment. The basis for confirming this hypothesis should be the justification for the use of lighting technology and electronicsin solving conceptual and artistic design problems. The scientific research is based on the methodology for making design decisions and ways to open new ways for the implementation of creative imagination and new conceptual solutions of the designer, on the example of designing the interior of a cafe. The author considers and substantiates such terms as intelligent space, interior as a process, integrated lighting systems, informatization of interior space, new methods of decoration, etc. Examples of analysis of design situations from are given the point of view of functional tasks, classification of requirements when making design decisions is substantiated. Lighting technologies in the interior are viewed as a tool that solves a whole range of tasks that combine aesthetic and technological principles of interior shaping. Modern technology is seen as a designer's tool that should be used to understand the role of design as a conduit of scientific advances and innovative technologies to the consumer environment.
Current state and prospects of fortified food production in Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center for Food Systems named after V.M. Gorbatov», Rebezov M. , Nikitin Ye. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia, Temerbayeva M. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia, Uryumtseva T. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia
Published: January 2021

Main problem: The article examines promising directions in the production of fortified food products in Kazakhstan and Russia. The authors carried out an analytical review of the current state of production of fortified bakery products on the territory of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Anemia has been described as one of the most common consequences of micronutrient deficiencies. The problems associated with anemia lead to serious complications for the health and well-being of people. Lack of folic acid and vitamins in the diet is the cause of cardiovascular disease, maternal and child mortality. Purpose: The article considers the problem of significant deviations in nutrition of almost all groups of the population of Russia and Kazakhstan, regardless of lifestyle, habits or income level, which have an extremely negative effect on the health of the nation: the average life expectancy decreases, the productivity of the working-age population and resistance to diseases decrease. Methods: Based on the studied domestic and foreign technical literature, patent information, an analytical review of the current state and prospects of the production of fortified food products in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out. Results and their significance: The authors have shown that food fortification is the practice of purposefully increasing the content of vitamins and microelements in food to improve the nutritional quality of food and have a positive effect on human health. The authors considered the question of how the problem of micronutrient deficiency, including iron, is currently being effectively solved in many countries by enriching food products of mass consumption with vitamins and minerals.
Peculiarities of psychological training of military servants to actions in extreme situation
Authors: Tulekova G. ,   S. Toraigyrov University, Kudaibergenov S. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia
Published: January 2021

There are many examples of crises and catastrophes in the history of mankind. Almost the entire spectrum of natural disasters is possible in Kazakhstan. In particular, earthquakes, floods, fires in forests and steppes, snowstorms, and others. In all mountain and foothill zones, there is a danger of landslides, the threat of snow drift. In addition, there are situations that have arisen for man-made reasons. These catastrophes are the result of human activity. Such extreme situations require the concentration of all physical and psychological capabilities of a person. This is especially important for military personnel who often operate in extreme or critical conditions. Psychological readiness to solve such situations gives the individual confidence in the correctness of their own actions and, in the end, leads to a successful result. The purpose of this article is to present the results of research in the framework of a master's thesis. The main focus is on the analysis of the features of psychological training of military personnel to act in an extreme situation. The studied problem is revealed by the authors from the point of view of modern approaches to the psychological training of military personnel in a critical situation. The research methods used (analysis, generalization, experiment) allowed us to reveal the depth of the problem relevant to military psychology. The research is based on the results of modern research by Kazakh and foreign scientists. Approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the content of the concept "extreme situation" are considered, and the factors that determine the specifics of psychological training of military personnel to act in a crisis are highlighted. The concept of "psychological readiness of military personnel to work in critical (extreme) situations" is defined. Statistical results of the experiment are presented. The experimental activity carried out in the course of experimental work has a high practical significance, since it was successfully tested through the implementation of the work of the military unit 3176 "K" in Pavlodar and can be used in the psychological training of military personnel. The article is devoted to the actual problem of psychology. The results presented in the article may be useful for military psychologists.
Teaching reading skills in English tothe middle school students (A2 level)
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Khamitova G. , Yermanova B. ,   Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Chemistry and Biology
Published: January 2021

Main problem: The article examines the issues concerning teaching reading skills to the middle school students according to the updated program. Purpose: The article analyses the course book “Excel” for 7th grade students on teaching reading skills. Methods: The criteria of analyzing the course book contain the forms of text presentation, types and situations modeled by the text, compliance with the level of English proficiency, age of students, information content, and accessibility. It also includes assessment of course book texts for the development of reading for general understanding of information (skimming), for identifying details (scanning) and reading with full comprehension, as well as for the different types of tasks for reading. Results and their significance: The texts in the course book correspond to the age characteristics of adolescents, the level of English language proficiency (A2) and are developed according to the standard curriculum.The most popular forms of text presentation are popular science texts and information about public events. The situations in the texts are dominated by educational, most of all the mixed type of text prevailed. There is a balance for the types of tasks developing reading for general understanding and reading for identifying details which leads to the development of functional reading literacy. The types of reading tasks used are quite diverse and contribute the development of communicative skills (pair work, group work, etc.). The misbalance of tasks on developing low order and high order thinking skills can be solved through adding some tasks developing HOTS.
On the question of forms and types of property rights in civil law
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Talipova Zh.
Published: January 2021

The right of ownership, like property itself, occupies one of the main places in public life. Statutory regulation of property relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan existed throughout the entire period of statehood formation. Today, property relations are regulated by the norms of various branches of law. But civil law regulation occupies one of the most important places in the system of regulatory regulation. This article deals with a comprehensive analysis of the main legal concepts, such as property, owner, subject of property rights, as well as forms and types of property, the grounds for the emergence and termination of property rights and ways to protect and protect the absolute right of the owner. A certain thing may belong to several persons as common property. In this case, the right of ownership is distributed among several owners (co-owners). The totality of legal norms on common property forms the institution of common property law. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive analysis of the main legal concepts, such as property, owner and subject of property rights, as well as forms and types of property, the basis for the emergence and termination of property rights and the definition of ways to protect and protect the absolute right of the owner. The means of achieving this goal is the study of the works of Kazakh legal scholars, the study of the analysis of practical materials. The article uses the following methods: comparative-legal, system-structural, formal-logical, as well as the method of system analysis. The legislation of Kazakhstan provides for two subjects of State property that have the right to act on their own behalf: the Republic of Kazakhstan as a whole (in respect of property constituting republican property) and the administrative – territorial unit (in respect of property constituting municipal property). That is, in civil circulation, data are carriers of state property rights. Depending on the tasks performed, the State exercises the powers of the owner on behalf of one of the specified entities. The Republic of Kazakhstan and the administrative-territorial unit are not legal entities. However, unless otherwise provided by legislative acts, they are subject to the rules governing the participation of legal entities in relations regulated by civil law. The state and administrative-territorial unit, as special subjects, have all the rights of subjects of civil legal relations and are limited in legal personality only by the current legislation.
Development of entrepreneurial activity in Pavlodar region: analysis of the state and problems
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Kashuk L. , Kaidarova S. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia, Simonov S. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Soltangazinov A. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia
Published: January 2021

Main problem: Small and medium-sized businesses, as an important component of modern production, largely contributes to maintaining a competitive tone in the economy, creates a natural social support for a social structure organized on the principles of the market, and also forms a new social stratum of entrepreneurs. Since the establishment of independent Kazakhstan, the sphere of entrepreneurship has always been in the center of attention of the state, and the Strategy "Kazakhstan - 2050": the new political course of the established state, comprehensive support of entrepreneurship as the leading force of the national economy has been identified among its priority tasks. At the present stage of development, the system of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan includes a number of institutions and state programs designed to provide comprehensive support to this sector of the economy. Despite the measures taken by the state to support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the development of this area in the regions and the Republic of Kazakhstan, in general, faces a number of serious problems, including those of a systemic nature, which involves researching the state, identifying problems and determining prospects for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. Purpose: to study the state, trends and prospects of development of SMEs in Pavlodar region, to identify and describe the problems of organizing the activities of entrepreneurs in the region. Methods: the state of entrepreneurial activity in the region is analyzed in the context of the main socially significant indicators of its development, the main trends and patterns of development of the SME sphere are identified and the reasons that form them are substantiated. As one of the tools for identifying and substantiating the reasons hindering the development of entrepreneurial activity, the study conducted a survey of entrepreneurs to identify the problems of SMEs in the region. Results and their significance: Based on the results of the study, a range of priority problems of SMEs in the region was determined, an assessment of their correlation with similar problems of the SME sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan was given, and a range of basic expectations of entrepreneurs in the context of government measures to support their development was outlined.
Revealing Short-period Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs in the Galactic Bulge Using the Microlensing Xallarap Effect with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
Authors: Miyazaki Shota , Johnson Samson A. , Sumi Takahiro , Penny Matthew T. , Koshimoto Naoki , Yamawaki Tsubasa
Published: January 2021

The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) will provide an enormous number of microlensing light curves with much better photometric precision than ongoing ground-based observations. Such light curves will enable us to observe high-order microlensing effects which have been previously difficult to detect. In this paper, we investigate Roman's potential to detect and characterize short-period planets and brown dwarfs (BDs) in source systems using the orbital motion of source stars, the so-called xallarap effect. We analytically estimate the measurement uncertainties of xallarap parameters using Fisher matrix analysis. We show that the Roman Galactic Exoplanet Survey can detect warm Jupiters with masses down to 0.5 M
Jup and orbital periods of 30 days via the xallarap effect. Assuming a planetary frequency function from Cumming et al., we find Roman will detect ∼10 hot and warm Jupiters and ∼30 close-in BDs around microlensed source stars during the microlensing survey. These detections are likely to be accompanied by the measurements of the companion’s masses and orbital elements, which will aid in the study of the physical properties for close-in planet and BD populations in the Galactic bulge.
Far-infrared Polarization Spectrum of the OMC-1 Star-forming Region
Authors: Michail Joseph M. , Ashton Peter C. , Berthoud Marc G. , Chuss David T. , Dowell C. Darren , Guerra Jordan A. , Harper Doyal A. , Novak Giles , Santos Fabio P. , Siah Javad , Sukay Ezra , Taylor Aster , Tram Le Ngoc , Vaillancourt John E. , Wollack Edward J.
Published: January 2021

We analyze the wavelength dependence of the far-infrared polarization fraction toward the OMC-1 star-forming region using observations from HAWC+/SOFIA at 53, 89, 154, and 214 μm. We find that the shape of the far-infrared polarization spectrum is variable across the cloud and that there is evidence of a correlation between the slope of the polarization spectrum and the average line-of-sight temperature. The slope of the polarization spectrum tends to be negative (falling toward longer wavelengths) in cooler regions and positive or flat in warmer regions. This is very similar to what was discovered in ρ Oph A via SOFIA polarimetry at 89 and 154 μm. Like the authors of this earlier work, we argue that the most natural explanation for our falling spectra is line-of-sight superposition of differing grain populations, with polarized emission from the warmer regions and less-polarized emission from the cooler ones. In contrast with the earlier work on ρ Oph A, we do not find a clear correlation of polarization spectrum slope with column density. This suggests that falling spectra are attributable to variations in grain alignment efficiency in a heterogeneous cloud consistent with radiative torques theory. Alternative explanations in which variations in grain alignment efficiency are caused by varying gas density rather than by varying radiation intensity are disfavored.
Data-driven Stellar Models
Authors: Green Gregory M. , Rix Hans-Walter , Tschesche Leon , Finkbeiner Douglas , Zucker Catherine , Schlafly Edward F. , Rybizki Jan , Fouesneau Morgan , Andrae René , Speagle Joshua
Published: January 2021

We developed a data-driven model to map stellar parameters (T
eff,

, and

) accurately and precisely to broadband stellar photometry. This model must, and does, simultaneously constrain the passband-specific dust reddening vector in the Milky Way,
R
. The model uses a neural network to learn the (de-reddened) absolute magnitude in one band and colors across many bands, given stellar parameters from spectroscopic surveys and parallax constraints from Gaia. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we train our model on a data set with spectroscopic parameters from LAMOST, APOGEE, and GALAH, Gaia parallaxes, and optical and near-infrared photometry from Gaia, Pan-STARRS 1, Two Micron All Sky Survey and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. Testing the model on these data sets leads to an excellent fit and a precise—and by construction—accurate prediction of the color–magnitude diagrams in many bands. This flexible approach rigorously links spectroscopic and photometric surveys, and also results in an improved, T
eff-dependent
R
. As such, it provides a simple and accurate method for predicting photometry in stellar evolutionary models. Our model will form a basis to infer stellar properties, distances, and dust extinction from photometric data, which should be of great use in 3D mapping of the Milky Way. Our trained model can be obtained at doi:10.5281/zenodo.3902382.
The Observed Rate of Binary Black Hole Mergers can be Entirely Explained by Globular Clusters
Authors: Rodriguez Carl L. , Kremer Kyle , Chatterjee Sourav , Fragione Giacomo , Loeb Abraham , Rasio Frederic A. , Weatherford Newlin C. , Ye Claire S.
Published: January 2021

Since the first signal in 2015, the gravitational-wave detections of merging binary black holes (BBHs) by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations (LVC) have completely transformed our understanding of the lives and deaths of compact object binaries, and have motivated an enormous amount of theoretical work on the astrophysical origin of these objects. We show that the phenomenological fit to the redshift-dependent merger rate of BBHs from Abbott et al. is consistent with a purely dynamical origin for these objects, and that the current merger rate of BBHs from the LVC could be explained entirely with globular clusters alone. While this does not prove that globular clusters are the dominant formation channel, we emphasize that many formation scenarios could contribute a significant fraction of the current LVC rate, and that any analysis that assumes a single (or dominant) mechanism for producing BBH mergers is implicitly using a specious astrophysical prior.
The Influence of Antibiotics Usage on Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacter Colonization among Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Suranadi Wayan , Fatmawati Dwi , Ryalino Christopher , Hartawan I Gusti Agung Gede Utara , Yanto Ferdi
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Enterobacteriaceae has increased throughout the world and is a major cause of treatment failure in intensive care unit (ICU). ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae exhibit resistance to cephalosporins which is one of the most commonly used and effective group of antibiotics.
AIM: The goal of this study was to identify the variables that influence the colonization of Enterobacteriaceae in patients treated at ICU.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study involving randomized 70 patients was conducted at ICU of Sanglah General Hospital from October 2018 to March 2019. Specimens were obtained from rectal swabs on admission to and discharged from ICU. Initial bivariate analysis was conducted using Pearson’s Chi-square and considered significant if p <0.05. Adjusted relative risk ratio (RR) was used to estimate the influence of the variables to ESBL colonization.
RESULTS: Respiratory system dysfunction (p = 0.012, RR = 2.828) and antibiotic prescription before ICU admission (p < 0.001) influence ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae colonization on patient who was admitted to ICU. On discharged from ICU, ESBL colonization was associated to respiratory system dysfunction (p = 0.008, RR = 1.987), third-generation cephalosporin usage (p = 0.009, RR = 2.909), cefoperazone prescription (p < 0.001, RR = 8.471), ceftriaxone prescription (p = 0.007, RR = 6.316), and antibiotics usage duration ≥3 days (p < 0.001, RR = 7.071). The logistic regression results on influence of antibiotics usage and respiratory system dysfunction to ESBL colonization rate shows that both variables are independent risk factor to EBLS colonization both on admitted to and discharged from ICU.
CONCLUSION: The antibiotics usage and respiratory system dysfunction are independent risk factors to EBLS colonization in ICU patients.
An agricultural practice as a direct threat to the snake-eyed skink Ablepharus kitaibelii (Bibron & Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1833) in central Greece
Authors: Christopoulos Apostolos , Pafilis Panayiotis
Published: January 2021

Terrestrial reptiles are threatened by numerous anthropogenic activities, including agriculture. Many agricultural methods and techniques affect the herpetofauna located in the oldest known tree crops in the Mediterranean Basin, olive trees. For the first time, we present a case of unintentional capture (and killing) of 12 snake-eyed skinks Ablepharus kitaibelii (Bibron & Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1833) on an insect control sticky trap in an olive grove in central Greece.
Invasive plant benefits a native plant through plant-soil feedback but remains the superior competitor
Authors: Buerdsell Sherri L. , Milligan Brook G. , Lehnhoff Erik A.
Published: January 2021

Plant soil feedback (PSF) occurs when a plant modifies soil biotic properties and those changes in turn influence plant growth, survival or reproduction. These feedback effects are not well understood as mechanisms for invasive plant species. Eragrostis lehmanniana is an invasive species that has extensively colonized the southwest US. To address how PSFs may affect E. lehmanniana invasion and native Bouteloua gracilis growth, soil inoculant from four sites of known invasion age at the Appleton-Whittell Audubon Research Ranch in Sonoita, AZ were used in a PSF greenhouse study, incorporating a replacement series design. The purpose of this research was to evaluate PSF conspecific and heterospecific effects and competition outcomes between the invasive E. lehmanniana and a native forage grass, Bouteloua gracilis. Eragrostis lehmannianaPSFs were beneficial to B. gracilis if developed in previously invaded soil. Plant-soil feedback contributed to competitive suppression of B. gracilis only in the highest ratio of E. lehmanniana to B. gracilis. Plant-soil feedback did not provide an advantage to E. lehmanniana in competitive interactions with B. gracilis at low competition levels but were advantageous to E. lehmanniana at the highest competition ratio, indicating a possible density-dependent effect. Despite being beneficial to B. gracilis under many conditions, E. lehmanniana was the superior competitor.
Invasive ants reduce nesting success of an endangered Hawaiian yellow-faced bee, Hylaeus anthracinus
Authors: Plentovich Sheldon , Graham Jason R. , Haines William P. , King Cynthia B. A.
Published: January 2021

Hawaii has a single group of native bees belonging to the genus Hylaeus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) and known collectively as Hawaiian yellow-faced bees. The majority of the 63 species have experienced significant declines in range and population. In 2016, seven species received federal protection under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Competitors and predators, such as invasive bees, wasps and ants, are thought to be important drivers of range reductions and population declines, especially at lower elevations where more non-native species occur. We evaluated the effects of invasive ants on nesting Hylaeus anthracinus using artificial nest blocks that allowed us to track nest construction and development. The blocks were placed in pairs at 22 points encompassing three sites on the north and east sides of Oahu. One block in each pair was treated with a sticky barrier to prevent access by ants, while the other block remained untreated. From December 2015 to December 2016, we monitored 961 individual nests in the blocks. Seventy percent of nests in control blocks were invaded by ants. Nests in treated blocks were more likely to produce at least one adult than nests in untreated blocks (38% vs. 14%, respectively). In untreated blocks, ants were the most common cause of nest mortality followed by lack of development, displacement (primarily by the competitor Pachodynerus nasidens) and presumed pathogens. The invasive ant, Ochetellus glaber was the only observed nest predator, although the big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala was also present. Hylaeus anthracinus inhabits coastal strand habitat which occurs in a narrow band just above the high tide line. Nests at one site were destroyed due to a high wave event, highlighting this species’ vulnerability to sea level rise. Additionally, no adult bees or nests were observed at the points where yellow crazy ants, Anoplolepis gracilipes were established. An increased understanding of the factors limiting Hawaii’s yellow-faced bees will provide information for future conservation efforts that may include landscape-scale ant control, habitat restoration and translocations.
Dans les coulisses d’une agence matrimoniale (Paris, 1842-1847)
Authors: Gaillard Claire-Lise
Published: January 2021

Sous la monarchie de Juillet, l’agence matrimoniale De Foy connaît une importante prospérité. L’étude de trois de ses registres, retrouvés aux Archives de Paris met en lumière de nouvelles pratiques d’intermédiation marchandes. Au bureau de l’agent matrimonial, de jeunes hommes pressés de s’intégrer par le mariage à la société parisienne monnayent un accès aux jeunes filles de bonnes familles, ignorantes de toute l’affaire, en passant par un complexe réseau d’informateurs et intermédiaires. Tout en présentant le fonctionnement de ce commerce d’appariement opaque, l’article interroge à nouveaux frais l’histoire du choix du conjoint au début du xix e siècle. Dans une capitale en proie aux transformations urbaines et sociales, où la bourgeoisie consolide les frontières de la sphère privée, l’agence matrimoniale endosse en rôle social crucial : assurer la mobilité sociale par le mariage de celles et ceux qui s’adressent à elle.
Theory of constraints case study in the make to order environment
Authors: Orue Aitor , Lizarralde Aitor , Amorrortu Itxaso , Apaolaza Unai
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The theory of constraints (TOC) drum-buffer-rope methodology is appropriate when managing a production plant in complex environments, such as make-to-order (MTO) scenarios. However, some difficulties have been detected in implementing this methodology in such changing environments. This case study analyses a MTO company to identify the key factors that influence the execution of the third step of TOC. It also aims to evaluate in more depth the research started by Lizarralde et al. (2020) and compare the results with the existing literature.Design/methodology/approach: The case study approach is selected as a research methodology because of the need to investigate a current phenomenon in a real environment.Findings: In the case study analysed, the protective capacity of non-bottleneck resources is found to the key factor when subordinating the MTO system to a bottleneck (BN). Furthermore, it coincides with one of the two key factors defined by the literature, namely protective capacity and protective inventory.Originality/value: The three key contributions of this study focus on the MTO environment as follows. The first is about identifying the key factors in subordinating the system to the BN (step 3, TOC) according to the existing literature which have been identified through a systematic literature review. The second focuses on identifying the key factors in subordinating the system to the BN through a case study. Finally, the last contribution compares the results obtained in the case study with those obtained in the literature review.
Holography: Gravity = Quantum Physics?
Authors: KIM, Keun-Young , AHN Yongjun , JEONG Hyun-Sik
Published: January 2021

Holography in high-energy theory means a duality between gravity and quantum physics. A popular catchphrase is “gravity = quantum physics”. In this duality, the spacetime dimension of gravity theory is higher than the dimension of quantum theory, so the duality is dubbed “holography”. In this article, we explain, in chronological order, the basic concepts of holography and its various applications to quantum chromodynamics, condensed matter physics, and quantum information.
The Effect of Size on Postrelease Survival of Head-Started Mojave Desert Tortoises
Authors: McGovern Pearson A. , Buhlmann Kurt A. , Todd Brian D. , Moore Clinton T. , Peaden J. Mark , Hepinstall-Cymerman Jeffrey , Daly Jacob A. , Tuberville Tracey D.
Published: January 2021

Captive-rearing conservation programs focus primarily on maximizing postrelease survival. Survival increases with size in a variety of taxa, often leading to the use of enhanced size as a means to minimize postrelease losses. Head-starting is a specific captive-rearing approach used to accelerate growth in captivity prior to release in the wild. We explored the effect of size at release, among other potential factors, on postrelease survival in head-started Mojave desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii. Juvenile tortoises were reared for different durations of captivity (2–7 y) and under varying husbandry protocols, resulting in a wide range of juvenile sizes (68–145 mm midline carapace length) at release. We released all animals (n = 78) in the Mojave National Preserve, California, United States, on 25 September 2018. Release size and surface activity were the only significant predictors of fate during the first year postrelease. Larger sized head-starts had higher predicted survival rates when compared with smaller individuals. This trend was also observed in animals of the same age but reared under different protocols, suggesting that accelerating the growth of head-started tortoises may increase efficiency of head-starting programs without decreasing postrelease success. Excluding five missing animals, released head-starts had 82.2% survival in their first year postrelease (September 2018–September 2019), with all mortalities resulting from predation. No animals with >90-mm midline carapace length were predated by ravens. Our findings suggest the utility of head-starting may be substantially improved by incorporating indoor rearing to accelerate growth. Target release size for head-started chelonians will vary among head-start programs based on release site conditions and project-specific constraints.
Detectability and Abundance of Snowy Plovers at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma
Authors: Heath-Acre Kristen M. , Conway Warren C. , Boal Clint W. , Collins Daniel P. , Hensley Glen , Johnson William P. , Schmidt Paige M.
Published: January 2021

In the past two decades, Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge has been increasingly recognized as important habitat for both breeding and migratory shorebirds. North American snowy plovers Charadrius nivosus in particular rely on the nearly 5,000-ha salt flat at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, which thousands use as breeding and stopover habitat. Elsewhere on the Southern Great Plains, decadal declines up to 75% within snowy plover subpopulations have been documented and attributed to vegetation encroachment, increased rates of nest predation, and decreased availability of fresh surface water. Despite many attempts to estimate this species' abundance across the continent, to date, no known attempt at distance sampling of snowy plovers has occurred. To address this paucity of data, we assessed feasibility of distance sampling methods to accurately estimate snowy plover abundance and detectability. Distance sampling surveys (2017–2018) indicated high detection probability (P = 0.80) and the population abundance estimate across the salt flat extrapolated to 3,307 individuals. The distance-sampling population abundance estimate is lower than population abundance estimates determined by two previous studies within the past decade but far greater than 2,105 estimated for a study in 2006. Overall, distance sampling snowy plovers at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge proved to be an effective addition to pre-established survey protocols but further investigation is needed to compare accuracy and precision of methods used in this study, annual surveys conducted by Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, and other potential snowy plover surveys.
Language learning as the agency for a social purpose: examples from the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Zourou Katerina
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus pandemic is a reality affecting human activity worldwide, including language education. This paper addresses practices and possibilities for L2 learning and use occurring informally, particularly those taking place in bottom-up, community-driven digital actions of citizens in the fight against the pandemic. Since January 2020, many technology-mediated social participation (TMSP) forms (Preece & Shneiderman, 2009) were launched locally and globally, where citizens contribute voluntarily to actions that serve a social purpose in crises. Four TMSP types are analysed through the examples of cases drawn from the pandemic: a) massively multiplayer online games, b) emergency response expert hackathons, c) digital activism in grassroots communities and d) citizen science. The paper builds on sociocultural understandings of the language learner as a social actor and an active citizen meaningfully engaged in collective action during the pandemic to identify current practices and future possibilities at the crossroads of language learning and agency for a social purpose in crises. Despite the scarcity of practices so far, the paper offers a tentative mapping of the TMSP features that depict their potential for L2 learning and use and open up research perspectives in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL).
Les déterminants socioéconomiques et géographiques de l’achat en ligne au Maroc
Authors: Oukarfi Samira , Bercheq Abir
Published: January 2021

Cet article propose une étude empirique des déterminants socioéconomiques et géographiques de l’adoption d’Internet et de l’achat en ligne au Maroc. Nous avons administré un questionnaire auprès de 2 254 individus localisés dans trois villes marocaines diamétralement opposées du point de vue des conditions socioéconomiques. Nous justifions ce choix méthodologique par la volonté de déceler de potentielles divergences de comportement envers ce nouveau mode d’achat selon les conditions économiques locales et selon le profil socioéconomique des individus. Nous avons estimé huit modèles économétriques avec comme variables endogènes la décision individuelle d’adopter Internet et d’acheter sur Internet. Nos résultats corroborent ceux obtenus dans d’autres contextes. La localisation ne semble pas influencer la décision de se connecter à Internet. En revanche, la probabilité d’acheter en ligne augmente pour les personnes habitant dans la petite et la grande ville relativement à la ville de dimension moyenne.Classification JEL : L81, L86, D18, D12, C25.
Detection of Tumor From Brain MRI Images Using Supervised and Unsupervised Methods
Authors: S. Kannan , S. Anusuya
Published: January 2021

Brain tumor discovery and its segmentation from the magnetic resonance images (MRI) is a difficult task that has convoluted structures that make it hard to section the tumor with MR cerebrum images, different tissues, white issue, gray issue, and cerebrospinal liquid. A mechanized grouping for brain tumor location and division helps the patients for legitimate treatment. Additionally, the method improves the analysis and decreases the indicative time. In the separation of cerebrum tumor, MRI images would focus on the size, shape, area, and surface of MRI images. In this chapter, the authors have focused various supervised and unsupervised clustering techniques for identifying brain tumor and separating it using convolutional neural network (CNN), k-means clustering, fuzzy c-means grouping, and so on.
Segmentation of Spine Tumour Using K-Means and Active Contour and Feature Extraction Using GLCM
Authors: M. Malathi , Kesavan Sujatha , K. Praveen
Published: January 2021

MRI imaging technique is used to detect spine tumours. After getting the spine image through MRI scans calculation of area, size, and position of the spine tumour are important to give treatment for the patient. The earlier the tumour portion of the spine is detected using manual labeling. This is a challenging task for the radiologist, and also it is a time-consuming process. Manual labeling of the tumour is a tiring, tedious process for the radiologist. Accurate detection of tumour is important for the doctor because by knowing the position and the stage of the tumour, the doctor can decide the type of treatment for the patient. Next, important consideration in the detection of a tumour is earlier diagnosis of a tumour; this will improve the lifetime of the patient. Hence, a method which helps to segment the tumour region automatically is proposed. Most of the research work uses clustering techniques for segmentation. The research work used k-means clustering and active contour segmentation to find the tumour portion.
A Comprehensive Study of Cyber Security Attacks, Classification, and Countermeasures in the Internet of Things
Authors: Haque Md Alimul , Haque Shameemul , Kumar Kailash , Singh Narendra Kumar
Published: January 2021

The role of the internet of things (IoT) and cyberspace in a digital society is well recognized, and they have become tremendously popular due to certain features like the ability to ease the operational process of businesses and instant communication. Recent developments in the fields of wireless communication networks like 4G, 5G, and 6G with IoT applications have greatly benefited human welfare. Still, the rapid growth of various IoT applications focuses on automating different tasks and are trying to empower the inanimate physical objects to act without any human intervention. It has also contributed to unethical practices by hackers who use new tools and techniques to penetrate more complex or well-controlled environments and produce increased damage and even remain under the cover. The main objective of this chapter is to improve understanding of the challenges to secure future digital infrastructure while it is still evolving. In this context, a detailed review of the security-related issues, challenges, threats, and countermeasures in the IoT applications is presented.
Privacy Preserving Approaches for Online Social Network Data Publishing
Authors: Macwan Kamalkumar , Patel Sankita
Published: January 2021

Recently, the social network platforms have gained the attention of people worldwide. People post, share, and update their views freely on such platforms. The huge data contained on social networks are utilized for various purposes like research, market analysis, product popularity, prediction, etc. Although it provides so much useful information, it raises the issue regarding user privacy. This chapter discusses the various privacy preservation methods applied to the original social network dataset to preserve privacy against attacks. The two areas for privacy preservation approaches addressed in this chapter are anonymization in social network data publication and differential privacy in node degree publishing.
The Importance of Information Systems and Technologies (ITS) in the Supply Chain
Authors: Sousa Sofia
Published: January 2021

Fast and accurate information is essential so that managers can analyze and structure their decisions, ensuring the good performance of logistics processes. Thus, in a constantly evolving world, it is increasingly important for the organization to keep up with consumer needs, adapting and investing in information systems and technologies (ITS) that appear on the market. Within the supply chain, warehouses and their management are often seen only as an inevitable cost for the organization, ending up being left aside when it comes to high investment implementations and changes. However, currently they have proven to be a relevant component that, if well managed and with the appropriate technology, can eliminate costs for the organization while also providing profits, allowing to maintain a perfect balance between demand and supply.
Information Security as Digital Economy Critical Success Factor
Authors: Correia Ricardo de Sousa
Published: January 2021

In an increasingly complex and competitive world, information is a valuable asset and a difference maker. It contributes to better government through supporting efficient business, assisting decision-making, mitigating risks, and adding economic value. This case study reviews Portuguese military information security requirements and its potential application on business company's crucial information protection. It's a military security policy, procedures, and measures approach to commercial environment. It's defined a security checklist to be applied by companies which want to achieve success. The explosive growth of information and communication technologies and their global dissemination and penetration have been a special impact on commercial activities, making them an attractive target to competitors and other agents. Cybersecurity is an organization's top priority. It's necessary to build an increasingly effective security policy in order to protect critical information. Keeping safe business competitive information advantages will be the key to success.
Artificial Intelligence a Driver for Digital Transformation
Authors: José Sousa Maria , Osório de Barros Gabriel , Tavares Nuno
Published: January 2021

Artificial intelligence is reconfiguring the economy and redefining the product and service market. It is a disruptive technology that leads to the creation of multiple more efficient activities, new business models, and industrial processes. The literature stresses that AI should be used in all aspects of the personal lives of organisations and individuals, and such complexities are still largely unstudied. The aim of this study is to highlight AI's innovations and applications to the organisation's digital transformation.
Digital Transformation of the Real Estate Segment With Big Data and Marketing Analytics
Authors: Barbosa Luciano de A. , Oliveira Sérgio Ricardo Goes , Rocha Jr. Joao , Marques Emanuele , Maravilhas Sérgio
Published: January 2021

In this chapter, the birth of a Brazilian start-up is analyzed against the background of the digital transformation of the real estate segment. First, the authors describe the economic importance of the sector and its operation. Then they present the platform that makes use of advanced techniques in the areas of artificial intelligence, visualization, management, and data processing. This platform helps to capture wealth and amount of data in real-time, demonstrating the revolutionary potential of the era of big data and consumer analytics. The text explores the changes that the platform imposes on the traditional real estate model while detailing how the decision-making process in this sector is impacted.
The Digital Transformation in a Distribution Editorial Center
Authors: Carujo Sofia
Published: January 2021

Digital transformation is a current challenge for all companies; it cannot be seen as a trend but as a necessity. Normally, when we hear about digital transformation, we associate it with a technological integration in the processes. But its scope is more comprehensive, as it implies a dematerialization of all resources and processes, a redesign of the material processes hitherto practiced that requires a structural transformation of the company with direct repercussions on its culture. We can even talk about digital literacy. The impact of this transformation in companies can be comparable to the impact of the industrial revolution, which will bring companies greater competitiveness; however, not all of them are qualified for this process because, in addition to financial capacity, there must be capable human capital.
Aphid diversity in two food legume crops: fava bean and pea in Naciria region, and first record of Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner, 1897) in Algeria
Authors: Bouabida N. , Benoufella-Kitous K. , Ait Amar S. , Medjdoub-Bensaad F.
Published: January 2021

Beans and peas are very important legumes because of their importance in human food and their high protein contents, as well as their role in the supply of atmospheric nitrogen to the soil. However, these crops are subject to various pest outbreaks, reducing their yield. The purpose of this study is to carry out an exhaustive inventory of aphids present on bean (Faba bean and Seville variety) and pea crops (Merveille De Kelvedone and Utrillo variety) in the region of Naciria (Boumerdes), in order to evaluate the diversity and abundance of aphids present in these crops. Sampling of aphid populations has been done using two trapping techniques: Barber pitfall trap and yellow traps. The results obtained express a richness of 48 aphid species, with one Melanaphis sacchari species identified for the first time in Algeria. 28 species are inventoried in the pea crop of Utrillo variety, 27 species on the Merveille de Kelvedone variety, 21 species in the bean crop of Seville variety (Vicia faba major) and 20 species on the faba bean (Vicia faba minor).
Evaluation of light-traps with coloured glue-boards for sampling and control of the house fly Musca domestica L.
Authors: Colacci M. , Spina G. , Boccamazzo M. , Sciarretta A. , Trematerra P.
Published: January 2021

Results regarding the combination of light-traps and coloured glue-boards for the trap and control of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), are reported. Monitoring was performed using as basic structure PRO 80S UV fluorescent fly traps in a confinement swine farm in the south of Italy. During the trials, neon traps with a combination of glue-boards (yellow vs black and yellow vs white) and neon vs LED traps with yellow glue-boards were evaluated. Results indicated that yellow and black glue-boards were equally attractive to flies, with no significant differences. Light-traps captured significantly more flies when a white glue-board was used rather than a yellow panel. The neon lamp attracted significantly more flies than the LED lamp. According to our results, light-traps with white panels have potential to be employed in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for monitoring and controlling house flies in livestock farms and in food processing, reducing risks in dissemination of pathogens which have the potential to affect humans or animals.