bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-Based Dereverberation for Sound Source Localization with Beamforming
Authors: Zhai Qingbo , Ning Fangli , Hou Hongjie , Wei Juan , Su Zhaojing
Published: October 2023

In this work, an algorithm that combines deep-learning based dereverberation and beamforming is proposed for sound source localization in the reverberant environment. The contribution is combining deep-learning based dereverberation and beamforming together. Through deep learning, the proposed algorithm can directly achieve dereverberation of the cross-spectral matrix of microphone array measurement signals in the reverberant environment, which can overcome the challenge of requiring multiple measurements like average beamforming. In this way, the proposed algorithm can be applied to the reverberant environment that requires efficient sound source localization. At the same time, the network of deep-learning based dereverberation is trained directly using the cross-spectral matrix of signals collected by microphone arrays, which can overcome the challenge of requiring prior knowledge of reflective surfaces like empirical dereverberation beamforming. In this way, the proposed algorithm can be applied to the reverberant environment composed of walls with unknown sound reflection coefficients. Both specular reflections, diffuse reflections, and background noise are considered in the reverberant environment. The cross-spectral matrix of microphone array measurement signals in the reverberant environment is first fed into the U-net for dereverberation and then combined with beamforming for sound source localization. The results in the test set show that the proposed algorithm can eliminate the influence of reverberation on sound source localization. The applicability limitation results of the proposed algorithm show the proposed algorithm’s strong robustness to unseen sound reflection coefficient, unseen SNR, and expandability to some degree for unseen source location. However, the proposed algorithm cannot provide stable and accurate sound source localization results under unseen room geometry. The proposed algorithm has higher spatial resolution and smaller errors than the average beamforming and the empirical dereverberation beamforming.
Isolating the Roles of Religion, Ethnicity, and Political Ideology in Mass Atrocities, 1800–2020
Authors: Eswaran Mukesh
Published: October 2023

Religion, ethnicity, and political ideology all lend themselves to the perpetration of mass atrocities by creating a sense of identity that sets up an Us/Them dichotomy. Atrocities are modelled here as arising from the motive of acquiring territory but augmented by other-regarding preferences that capture the role of identity. My empirical results using data for the period 1800–2020 confirm that all these identity-driven motivators are associated with mass atrocities, with religion being more powerful than ethnicity. Monotheistic religions (with the strong exception of Judaism) are seen to be associated with more mass atrocity deaths than (polytheistic) Hinduism, lending partial credibility to Hume’s (1757/2010) view on the intolerance of monotheism. While democracies are associated with fewer mass atrocities than autocracies, Christian liberal democracies are not. My statistical analysis rejects the popular presumption that Islam is more violent than Christianity. In fact, in the post-World War II (WWII) era, among the major religions Christianity has been associated with the most mass atrocity deaths. The results also show that mass deaths were higher in atrocities that took place in settler colonies, especially in the post-WWII period of decolonisation. Using mass atrocities as the metric of violence, the correlations found in the empirical work of this paper offer many new and surprising findings.
Machine learning class numbers of real quadratic fields
Authors: Amir Malik , He Yang-Hui , Lee Kyu-Hwan , Oliver Thomas , Sultanow Eldar
Published: October 2023

We implement and interpret various supervised learning experiments involving real quadratic fields with class numbers 1, 2 and 3. We quantify the relative difficulties in separating class numbers of matching/different parity from a data-scientific perspective, apply the methodology of feature analysis and principal component analysis, and use symbolic classification to develop machine-learned formulas for class numbers 1, 2 and 3 that apply to our dataset.
Assessment of Commercially Available Hydrogen Supply Chains for Gas-Fired Boilers
Authors: Zhu Runfan , Wang Zhihua , He Yong , Weng Wubin , Zhou Zhijun
Published: October 2023

Hydrogen energy is a clean and efficient secondary energy source, and hydrogen derived from renewable sources is regarded as the key to achieving a low-carbon clean energy supply. Currently, the hydrogen energy supply chain is still in its development stage and requires a comprehensive comparative analysis of various hydrogen production technologies as well as storage and transportation methods to ensure the optimal application route for hydrogen energy. In this study, GaBi 10 software is used to conduct a comparative and evaluative analysis of the potential environmental impact associated with hydrogen energy application. The life cycle assessment encompasses all stages of the hydrogen supply chain, including production, transportation and utilization. The results indicate that hydrogen production from wind power has the lowest global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP) and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). Due to the high energy consumption of the liquefaction process, liquid hydrogen transportation is currently associated with the largest carbon emissions among all modes of hydrogen transport. However, if renewable energy sources are utilized to power hydrogen liquefaction, significant reductions in carbon emissions can be achieved. An evaluation of the carbon footprint associated with the completed hydrogen supply chain indicates that hydrogen produced from renewable sources is cost-effective for use in gas-fired boilers from an environmental perspective.
A striking new XXL-size flat bug from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber: Archemezira nuoyichenae sp. nov. (Heteroptera, Aradidae)
Authors: HEISS ERNST , CHEN HUA-RONG
Published: October 2023

The mid-Cretaceous amber deposits in Northern Myanmar yielded to date eleven genera and 14 species of the flat bug family Aradidae. A remarkable large female specimen of a flat bug shares basic characters of the genus Archemezira is supposed to represent a female taxon of this genus and is described and figured herein as Archemezira nuoyichenae sp. nov.
Cretaceous beetles of the Jinju Formation (Coleoptera): Archostemata
Authors: LEE SOO BIN , NAM GI SOO , PARK JONG KYUN , LEE BYONG HO , LI YAN-DA
Published: October 2023

The beetles from the Lower Cretaceous Lagerstätte in South Korea, Jinju Formation, remain largely unstudied. In the present study, the fossils of suborder Archostemata from the Jinju Formation are described and illustrated, including the complete bodies of Asiania pax gen. et sp. nov. and Brochocoleus sacheonensis sp. nov., and the isolated elytra of Brochocoleus cf. punctatus, Omma sp. and Zygadenia cornigera sp. nov.
New additions to the fauna of the superfamily Tephritoidea (Diptera) of Morocco
Authors: HARYM YOUNES EL , KORNEYEV VALERY
Published: October 2023

This work presents new data on six families, 23 genera and 30 species, 11 of which are new to North Africa: Campiglossa bidentis (Robineau-Devosidy, 1830), Carpomya (Goniglossum) wiedemanni (Meigen, 1826), Ceroxys hortulana (Rossi, 1790), Myennis octopunctata (Coquebert, 1798), Palloptera scutellata (Macquart, 1835), Physiphora clausa (Macquart, 1843), Platystoma lugubre (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Seioptera vibrans (Linnaeus, 1758), Tephritis luteipes Merz 1992, Toxoneura muliebris (Harris, 1780), and Urophora hispanica Strobl 1906. Herina gyrans (Loew, 1864), Melieria omissa (Meigen, 1826), and Stearibia nigriceps Meigen, 1826 are recorded for the first time from Morocco. Dorycera punctulata Ackerman, El Harym & Freidberg, new species (Ulidiidae), is described based on specimens from Morocco. The following synonymy is established: Platystoma meridionale Hendel, 1913 = Platystoma idia Séguy, 1934, new synonym. One species of the genus Priscoearomyia is possibly a new species to be described in forthcoming revisions of this genus.
Resolving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in the genus Caligus O.F. Müller, 1785 (Copepoda: Caligidae)
Authors: BOXSHALL GEOFFREY A. , BERNOT JAMES P.
Published: October 2023

Supplementary descriptions are provided for six poorly known species of Caligus, based on a study of type and other material carried out by the late Roger F. Cressey but never published. As part of that study new illustrations were produced by Hillary Boyle Cressey who has kindly made these previously unpublished drawings available to this paper. The present account also contains critical re-assessments of the validity of several other species of Caligus Müller, 1785. It is proposed to recognise that: C. glacialis Gadd, 1910 and C. raniceps Heegaard, 1943 are junior subjective synonyms of the type species C. curtus Müller, 1785 and we consider the published geographical locality given for C. raniceps by Heegaard (1943) to be erroneous; C. guerini Guiart, 1913 is a junior subjective synonym of C. elongatus von Nordmann, 1832; C. mordax Leigh-Sharpe, 1934 is a junior subjective synonym of C. coryphaenae Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861; C. lessonius Risso, 1826 is not a caligid and is probably a junior synonym of the pandarid Demoleus heptapus (Otto, 1821); C. clavatus Kirtisinghe, 1964 is a junior subjective synonym of C. sphyraeni Pillai, 1963; C. rotundigenitalis Yü, 1933 is a junior subjective synonym of C. torpedinis Heller, 1865; C. hyalinae Heegaard, 1966 is a junior subjective synonym of C. chelifer Wilson, 1905; C. biseriodentatus, Shen, 1957 is a junior subjective synonym of C. pauliani Nuñes-Ruivo & Fourmanoir, 1956; and C. cornutus Heegaard, 1962 can be formally treated as a junior subjective synonym of C. lobodes (Wilson, 1911) because the name C. cornutus belongs with the male holotype; the female allotype collected by Heegaard (1962) remains unidentified. We also conclude that C. mebachii Marukawa, 1927 was based on a young male of Euryphorus brachypterus (Gerstaecker, 1853) and a male of Caligus coryphaenae Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 which was mistakenly identified as the female. A lectotype is designated for C. mebachii and this species is treated as a synonym of Euryphorus brachypterus. It is noted that C. hamatus Heegaard, 1955 is conspecific with, and has priority over, C. undulatus Shen & Li, 1959. However, given that C. undulatus is a high profile and well known species, frequently recorded from across the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans, a case has been submitted to the ICZN to grant precedence of C. undulatus over C. hamatus. We reject the transfer of Chalimus tenuis Leidy, 1889 to Caligus by Fowler (1912) on the basis of lack of evidence supporting the transfer, and return it to Chalimus, where it can be treated as a species inquirendum within a genus that is no longer considered as valid. We consider that C. alalongae Krøyer, 1863 and C. gracilis Dana, 1852 are species inquirenda. Caligus truttae is a nomen nudum because Giard (1890) provided no morphological information or illustration associated with the new name.
Demystifying United States’ ‘Iran Myth/s’: How Not, and How to Fix the Tehran Conundrum?
Authors: Dar Arshid Iqbal , Haq Irfan UL
Published: October 2023

This article explores United States’ Iran policy, especially the current debate over the revival of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) that has gained momentum ever since Joe Biden became the new US president. Despite Biden’s initial desire to restore the nuclear deal, the trajectory so far has been that of a roller-coaster ride. The parties are yet to reach an agreement. While exploring why, this article argues that the United States has been entrapped into an intractable rivalry with Iran. In fact, many neoconservative academic and policymaking Iran hawks falsely portray Tehran as pursuing ‘regional hegemony’ and bringing back the dangerous ‘Persian Empire’ to encourage and favour a harsh policy towards Iran. Besides, the United States allies such as Israel and Saudi Arabia also lured Washington to pursue aggressive policy towards Iran. However, as this article demonstrates these false narratives and myths while hurting the United States’ national interest blinds Washington to possible areas of mutual interest with Iran. The trajectory of JCPOA underscores this. Therefore, it is very crucial to scrutinize the ‘Iran myth/s’ and offer valuable lessons to the United States as to how not, and how to fix the Iran conundrum.
Does Trade Openness Affect Taxation? Evidence from BRICS Countries
Authors: Rahman Md. Mominur , Islam Mohammad Ekramol
Published: October 2023

This study aims to investigate the relationship between trade openness and taxation in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries. This study uses a panel dataset for 2000–2021 and employs various econometric techniques such as the cross-sectional dependence test, unit root test, panel regression selection criteria, robustness checking fully modified ordinary least square and dynamic ordinary least square to validate the research model. The study finds that trade openness positively impacts taxation in BRICS countries. Specifically, the study finds that trade freedom, trade ratio and average trade increase the tax-to-GDP ratio and tax collection. Additionally, the study finds that financial development (FDV), financial openness (FON), GDP per capita (GPR) and political stability (PLS) positively impact taxation, but inflation has a negative effect. The results imply support for comparative advantage theory, suggesting that trade openness can positively impact taxation. The findings also highlight the importance of FDV, FON, GPR and PLS for tax revenue collection. From a managerial perspective, the results suggest that policymakers in BRICS countries should prioritize measures that promote trade openness and economic growth to improve their taxation systems.
Healthcare Expenditure and Human Development Index as Determinants of Environmental Quality: A Panel Study on Selected Asian Countries
Authors: Mannanal Maria Sunil , Rajagopal N.
Published: October 2023

This study explores how healthcare expenditure and human development index impact environmental quality in 26 Asian countries during the period 2000–2018. Both aggregate and disaggregate (public and private) variables of healthcare expenditure are used. The dynamic ordinary least squares and augmented mean group estimation techniques are employed to assess the impact of selected variables on environmental quality captured using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as a proxy. The causality among the variables is tested using the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test. The outcome of the study showed that scaling aggregate healthcare expenditure, disaggregate healthcare expenditure (public and private) and human development index deteriorates environmental quality. The causality tests confirm a bidirectional association between aggregate healthcare expenditure and CO2 emissions, disaggregate healthcare expenditure and CO2 emission and a one-way connection from human development index to CO2 emission. The study finds that the significant positive impact of healthcare expenditure and human development index on CO2 emission is a concern, as rising emissions have adverse effects on the environment, public health and global economy. The study highlights the need for policies to promote sustainable development in a way that balances the needs of healthcare, human development and the environment.
The Mind Body Connection in Dermatologic Conditions: A Literature Review
Authors: Mar Kristie , Rivers Jason K.
Published: October 2023

Psychodermatology pertains to the relationship between the skin and brain. This review aims to summarize the evidence of the mind body connection in four psychophysiological conditions: rosacea, atopic dermatitis (AD), acne vulgaris (AV), and psoriasis. A literature search was conducted using several English language databases. All four conditions share similar psychiatric co-morbidities, including but not limited to anxiety, depression, and suicidality. In rosacea, the upregulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1, Toll like receptor 2, and Th17 cells releases downstream products that are simultaneously implicated in mood disorders. Stress exacerbates AV through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system, which alters functioning of sebocytes and Cutibacterium acnes. In AD and psoriasis, the HPA axis influences Th1, Th2, Th22, and Th1, Th17 immune mediated responses, respectively. This leads to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are also involved in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression. Neurotransmitters implicated in mental illness, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin, may also play a role in the development of AD and psoriasis. The management of cutaneous disease may mitigate psychological distress, and future research may show the corollary to also be true.
A Case of “Spotty” Transient Global Amnesia
Authors: Simón Armando
Published: October 2023

A case of transient global amnesia occurring after sexual intercourse is presented with a somewhat unusual symptomatology. Instead of an all-encompassing amnesia, as has usually been reported in the literature, the patient’s amnesia was evident in spots. Therefore, transient global amnesia after sexual relations may go unnoticed in patients if the amnesia is temporary, as is usually the case, and is restricted to a few memories.
Incidence of Prosthetic Valvular Thrombosis in Rheumatic Heart Valve Diseases and Risk Factors for Mortality: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center with Review of Management Options
Authors: Raja R Naveen , Kumar R Sampath , Digala Prathapavarma , S Deep Chandh Raja , Aravazhi R.
Published: October 2023

Background

Prosthetic valve thrombosis bears significant risks of morbidity and mortality. In our study, we explore the risk factors associated with thrombolysis for thrombosis of prosthetic valves of the heart.

Materials and Methods

This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study with 60 patients with valve replacement between 25 and 60 years. Using an organized questionnaire we have obtained data on sociodemographic, behavioral risk factors, and previous history of other medical conditions.

Results and Discussion

The incidence of prosthetic valve thrombosis was 4% ( n = 60). The prevalence of aortic valve thrombosis was found to be 3.4% and mitral valve thrombosis was 5.2%. The mean age group of the study population was 30 ± 10 years. The incidence was highest (31%) in the 30–40 years age group. Aortic valve thrombosis was the most common ( n = 48, 80%). The overall mortality was 38% ( n = 23). The mortality rate due to Aortic valve and Mitral valvar thrombosis was 41.06% ( n = 20) and 20% ( n = 3), respectively. Sub-therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) was noted in 86% ( n = 52) patients and drug non-compliance was 70% ( n = 42). All patients underwent thrombolysis, considering the higher severity of functional class. The risk factors significant for mortality were previous history of valve thrombosis, subtherapeutic INR and aortic valve.

Conclusions

Aoretic valve prosthetic valve thrombosis was the most common and the overall mortality was higher in women. High mortality was observed in the cohort. Previous history of thrombosis and subtherapeutic INR is an important risk factor for mortality.
“75/25” Initiative for Hypertension: Setting Priority for Action
Authors: Sharma Nandita , Singh Mahendra , Bahurupi Yogesh , Garg Suneela , Bera Om Prakash , Aggarwal Pradeep
Published: October 2023

The epidemiological shift and the increase in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been of concern in recent times. Hypertension is the primary cause of 10.8% of all fatalities in India. The rapid increase in cardiovascular diseases, spurred on by poor lifestyle choices, is a serious concern. The increasing burden of chronic diseases is shown by data from the Indian Council of Medical Research, which assigns 61.8% of fatalities in 2016 to NCDs. According to data from the World Health Organization, NCDs account for 63% of fatalities in India, whereas CVDs account for 27% of fatalities. The National Program for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the India Hypertension Control Initiative are the main initiatives being used by India to tackle hypertension and NCDs. Effective management is hampered by low levels of awareness in rural regions, treatment compliance issues, health disparities, and challenges with data collection and monitoring. Government programs and active youth participation are acknowledged as vital components to lower hypertension and pave the road for a healthier future. The Indian government also supports expanding outreach to underserved communities, encouraging better lives, providing telemedicine options, and enhancing data gathering and research for battling hypertension.
Extracting cancer concepts from clinical notes using natural language processing: a systematic review
Authors: Gholipour Maryam , Khajouei Reza , Amiri Parastoo , Hajesmaeel Gohari Sadrieh , Ahmadian Leila
Published: October 2023

Background

Extracting information from free texts using natural language processing (NLP) can save time and reduce the hassle of manually extracting large quantities of data from incredibly complex clinical notes of cancer patients. This study aimed to systematically review studies that used NLP methods to identify cancer concepts from clinical notes automatically.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for English language papers using a combination of the terms concerning “Cancer”, “NLP”, “Coding”, and “Registries” until June 29, 2021. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of papers for inclusion in the review.

Results

Most of the software programs used for concept extraction reported were developed by the researchers (n = 7). Rule-based algorithms were the most frequently used algorithms for developing these programs. In most articles, the criteria of accuracy (n = 14) and sensitivity (n = 12) were used to evaluate the algorithms. In addition, Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) and Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) were the most commonly used terminologies to identify concepts. Most studies focused on breast cancer (n = 4, 19%) and lung cancer (n = 4, 19%).

Conclusion

The use of NLP for extracting the concepts and symptoms of cancer has increased in recent years. The rule-based algorithms are well-liked algorithms by developers. Due to these algorithms' high accuracy and sensitivity in identifying and extracting cancer concepts, we suggested that future studies use these algorithms to extract the concepts of other diseases as well.
Effectiveness of chlorhexidine gels and chips in Periodontitis Patients after Scaling and Root Planing: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Annisa Zahratul Umami , Sulijaya Benso , Tadjoedin Ette Soraya Shahnaz , Hutomo Dimas Ilham , Masulili Sri Lelyati C.
Published: October 2023

Periodontal pockets are characteristic of periodontitis. Scaling and root planing is the gold standard for periodontitis treatment. Additional local antimicrobials are recommended in patients with a probing depth of ≥ 5 mm. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of chlorhexidine compared to other local antimicrobials in periodontitis. Searches were conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed on studies that met inclusion criteria after risk of bias assessment. Meta-analysis between chlorhexidine chips and other antimicrobials showed a mean difference in probing depth after one month of 0.58 mm (p < 0.00001) whereas after three months the mean difference in probing depth was 0.50 mm (p = 0.001), index plaque 0.01 (p = 0.94) and gingival index − 0.11 mm (p = 0.02). Between chlorhexidine gel and other antimicrobials showed a mean difference in probing depth of 0.40 mm (p = 0.30), plaque index of 0.20 mm (p = 0.0008) and gingival index of -0.04 mm (p = 0.83) after one month. Chlorhexidine chips were more effective on the gingival index than other antimicrobials after three months. The other antimicrobials were more effective than chlorhexidine chips on probing depth after one and three months, and than chlorhexidine gels on plaque index after one month.
Volumetric evaluation of effects of platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor on early bone healing after endodontic microsurgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: You Jae-Seek , Jung Gyeo-Woon , Oh Ji-Su , Moon Seong-Yong , Lee Won-Pyo , Jo Hyoung-Hoon
Published: October 2023

Background

This randomized controlled clinical trial compared the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) on early bone healing after endodontic microsurgery.

Methods

Eighteen patients with an isolated periapical lesion < 10 mm in the maxillary anterior region were randomly assigned to three groups: control, PRF, or CGF. Endodontic microsurgery was performed and PRF or CGF membranes were placed over the bone defects in the experimental groups. The volume of the bone defect at postoperative one week, three months, and six months was evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography and Mimics software. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and post-hoc Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction.

Results

At the three-month follow-up, the PRF and CGF groups showed significantly greater bone healing compared with the control group (p > 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the PRF and CGF groups. At the six-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the groups.

Conclusions

These results suggested that PRF and CGF promote early bone healing after endodontic microsurgery.
New biomaterials for modern dentistry
Authors: Heboyan Artak , Bennardo Francesco
Published: October 2023

Whilst the appropriate assessment criteria for dental biomaterials is debated, there has been an increasing interest in the use of dental biomaterials for oral rehabilitation. Consequently, a variety of new biomaterials have been introduced in dentistry. To address this issue, BMC Oral Health has launched a Collection on “New biomaterials for modern dentistry”.
The oral health-related quality of life for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Khawer Mohammad Saad , Da Silva Keith
Published: October 2023

Background

The oral health status of an individual can dramatically influence quality of life. Most individuals in Canada report having good oral health, however, this is not true for individuals with developmental disabilities such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The purpose of this study is to compare the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of individuals with FASD and the general population in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Additionally, it aims to suggest ways to improve the oral health status and OHRQoL of these individuals.

Methods

For this cross-sectional study, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) survey was used to assess the impact that oral health related problems can have on an individual’s quality life. This study used a cross-sectional cohort study design with a survey methodology. The sample population compromised of 154 individuals with FASD along with a separate control group of 154 otherwise healthy adults.

Results

The results of the study showed that most of the individuals in the FASD group experienced pain in the past month. In both groups, cost was most frequently cited as a barrier to accessing care. The majority of individuals in the control group experienced a low impact across all OHIP-14 domains except for physical disabilities. However, in the FASD group, most individuals experienced higher impact scores in some of the categories including functional limitation, psychological discomfort, psychological disability and handicap.

Conclusion

The findings clearly demonstrate that there is a discernible effect on an individual’s quality of life if they have poor oral health. In conclusion, further research is required to determine the most effective methods to improve the OHRQoL of individuals with disabilities.
Spatial–temporal vector abundance and malaria transmission dynamics in Nchelenge and Lake Mweru islands, a region with a high burden of malaria in northern Zambia
Authors: Muleba Mbanga , Mbata Keith J. , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Norris Douglas E.
Published: October 2023

Background

Over a decade of vector control by indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) distribution on the mainland, and only LLINs on islands had a minimal impact on disease burden in Nchelenge district, northern Zambia. Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae are vectors known only from the mainland. Understanding vector bionomics in the district is necessary for planning and targeting effective vector control. This study aimed to provide information on abundance, seasonality, and Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infectivity of malaria vectors in Nchelenge, including islands.

Methods

Mosquitoes were collected in 192 CDC indoor light traps set in 56 households between January 2015 and January 2016. Morphological and molecular species identifications and P. falciparum circumsporoites by ELISA were performed. Mosquito counts and relative abundances from the islands and mainland were compared, and household factors associated with vector counts were determined.

Results

A total of 5888 anophelines were collected during the study. Of these, 5,704 were female Anopheles funestus sensu lato (s.l.) and 248 female An. gambiae s.l. The highest proportion of An. funestus (n = 4090) was from Chisenga Island and An. gambiae (n = 174) was from Kilwa Island. The highest estimated counts per trap for An. funestus s.l. were from Chisenga island, (89.9, p < 0.001) and from the dry season (78.6, p < 001). For An. gambiae the highest counts per trap were from Kilwa island (3.1, p < 0.001) and the rainy season (2.5, p = 0.007). The highest estimated annual entomological inoculation rate was from Chisenga Island with 91.62 ib/p/y followed by Kilwa Island with 29.77 ib/p/yr, and then Mainland with 19.97 ib/p/yr.

Conclusions

There was varied species abundance and malaria transmission risk across sites and seasons. The risk of malaria transmission was perennial and higher on the islands. The minimal impact of vector control efforts on the mainland was evident, but limited overall. Vector control intervention coverage with effective tools needs to be extended to the islands to effectively control malaria transmission in Nchelenge district.
Clinical versus radiological method for adjusting rotational alignment during femoral shaft fractures intramedullary nailing and the malrotation impact on the functional outcomes: early results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Abbas Ibrahim Mostafa , Khalifa Ahmed A. , Abubeih Hossam , Mohamedean Aly , Farouk Osama
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The primary objective of the current study is to assess which is better for obtaining the proper femoral rotation during IMN of femoral fractures, the radiological or clinical method. The secondary objectives were to document malrotation's incidence and its effect on the hip and knee functional outcomes.

Methods

Thirty-three patients with unilateral femoral shaft fractures were treated using intramedullary nails (IMN) on a usual radiolucent operative table. Intraoperative rotation adjustment was performed using a radiological method (relying on the contralateral lesser trochanter profile) in 16 patients (group A), while in 17 patients, a clinical method was used (group B). Postoperative assessment of malrotation was performed using a CT scan, and 15 degrees was the cutoff value where below is an acceptable rotation (group I) and above is true malrotation (group II). Functional assessment was performed using the Harris hip score (HHS), the Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (TLKSS), and the Neer score.

Results

The patients' mean age was 30.7 ± 9.3 years; 81.8% were males, and the left side was injured in 63.6% of patients. After a mean follow up of 18.2 ± 6.9 months, all fractures were united, and the overall mean amount of rotational difference between the fractured and the contralateral side was 14.7° ± 6.0 (3–29.4), 84.8% were in external rotation. No difference in the mean rotational deformity in group A compared to group B. Measurements were 13.9 ± 6.7 and 15.7 ± 5.5, respectively (p = 0.47). Seventeen (51.5%) patients in group I with a mean deformity of 9.8 ± 3.4 (3–14.7), while group II consisted of 16 (48.5%) patients with a mean deformity of 19.6 ± 3.7 (15.3–29.4). There was no difference in the functional scores between group I and group II; HHS was 89.4 ± 7.4 versus 87.7 ± 8.9 (p = 0.54), TLKSS was 84.6 ± 9.6 versus 80.4 ± 13.9 (p = 0.32), and Neer score was 87.9 ± 9.5 versus 83 ± 12.5 (p = 0.21) for group I and group II, respectively.

Conclusion

There was no difference in malrotation incidence after unilateral femoral fractures IMN with either an intraoperative clinical or radiological method for rotational adjustment; furthermore, malrotation did not affect the functional outcomes.
Can prophylactic HPV vaccination reduce the recurrence of cervical lesions after surgery? Review and prospect
Authors: Han Ling , Zhang Bingyi
Published: October 2023

Women with HSIL typically undergo conization/LEEP to remove cervical lesions, but the risk of HSIL lesions returning after surgical treatment remains higher than in the general population. HPV vaccination is essential to prevent cervical cancer. However, the effect of prophylactic HPV vaccination on reducing the risk of recurrent cervical lesions after surgical treatment remains unclear. This review aims to analyze and summarize the latest literature on the role of prophylactic HPV vaccine in reducing the recurrence of cervical lesions after surgery in patients with HSIL, and to review and update the history, efficacy, effectiveness and safety of HPV vaccine, focusing on the current status of global HPV vaccine implementation and obstacles.
The Influence of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis on Postoperative Outcomes After Major Liver Resection of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: van Keulen Anne-Marleen , Olthof Pim B. , Buettner Stefan , Bednarsch Jan , Verheij Joanne , Erdmann Joris I. , Nooijen Lynn E. , Porte Robert J. , Minnee Robert C. , Murad Sarwa Darwish , Neumann Ulf P. , Heij Lara , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Doukas Michail
Published: October 2023

Background

Surgical resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) is associated with high operative risks. Impaired liver regeneration in patients with pre-existing liver disease may contribute to posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and postoperative mortality. This study aimed to determine the incidence of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and their association with PHLF and 90-day postoperative mortality in pCCA patients.

Methods

Patients who underwent a major liver resection for pCCA were included in the study between 2000 and 2021 from three tertiary referral hospitals. Histopathologic assessment of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis was performed. The primary outcomes were PHLF and 90-day mortality.

Results

Of the 401 included patients, steatosis was absent in 334 patients (83.3%), mild in 58 patients (14.5%) and moderate to severe in 9 patients (2.2%). There was no fibrosis in 92 patients (23.1%), periportal fibrosis in 150 patients (37.6%), septal fibrosis in 123 patients (30.8%), and biliary cirrhosis in 34 patients (8.5%). Steatosis (≥ 5%) was not associated with PHLF (odds ratio [OR] 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–2.68) or 90-day mortality (OR 1.22; 95% CI 0.62–2.39). Neither was fibrosis (i.e., periportal, septal, or biliary cirrhosis) associated with PHLF (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.41–1.41) or 90-day mortality (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.33–1.06). The independent risk factors for PHLF were preoperative cholangitis (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1. 36–4.17) and future liver remnant smaller than 40% (OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.31–4.38). The independent risk factors for 90-day mortality were age of 65 years or older (OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.36–4.23) and preoperative cholangitis (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.30–3.87).

Conclusion

In this study, no association could be demonstrated between hepatic steatosis or fibrosis and postoperative outcomes after resection of pCCA.
Features of Quantitative Analysis of Projects from the Standpoint of Modern Decision-Making Theory
Authors: Vlasov D. , Sinchukov Aleksandr
Published: October 2023

Improving the quality of project analysis requires the involvement of mod-ern achievements in the field of quantitative methods and mathematical modeling, in particular in the field of game theory and decision theory. The article presents a critical understanding of the horizons of the established theory, traditionally used in the practice of project analysis, and a description of techniques that contribute to improving the quality of project anal-ysis. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of taking into account the subjective perceptions of the investor, which complicate the classical scheme of choice and decision-making in various information conditions. A set of criteria for the analysis of projects has been constructed, which has features of relative simplicity and universality, and consists of nine positive criteria that have received a meaningful interpretation. The set of criteria is open for expansion by adding special criteria specific to the subject areas of the analyzed projects. The presented approaches to making a decision on choosing a project in the conditions of multi-criteria optimization allow us to use the achievements of modern economics as a science of human behavior in the real practice of analyzing projects.
The effects of satisfaction with major, and dental hygiene professionalism on career preparation behavior of dental hygiene students
Authors: Han Ji-Hyoung , Kim Min-Young
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This study was attempted in order to understand about the satisfaction with major and the dental hygiene professionalism in dental hygiene students and to grasp the factors affecting the career preparation behavior. Methods: The research subjects included 264 juniors and seniors who are attending dental hygiene department across Korea (three locations in Gyeonggi province, one locations in Daejeon, four locations in Jeolla province, and one locations in Daegu). Data were collected using the online questionnaire between March 6 to April 7, 2023. The chosen data analysis method included descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression. Results: The following average scores were obtained from those surveyed: 3.25 points concerning career preparation behavior, 3.83 points concerning the respondent’s satisfaction with their major, and 3.45 points concerning dental hygiene professionalism. As for a difference in career preparation behavior according to general characteristics, a meaningful difference was shown in terms of gender, motivation for entering the field, and first desired employment. Aspects of career preparation behavior, satisfaction with one’s major, and dental hygiene professionalism showed a significant correlation and were confirmed to explain the prediction of 29.1% of the variation in the regression model. Conclusions: For the sake of having an integrated understanding about career preparation behavior among dental hygiene students, there is a need to conduct repeated research on diverse variables and to inquire into a causal relationships between such variables.
A study on prospective dental hygiene students awareness of child abuse and attitudes towards mandatory reporting
Authors: Kim Seon-Yeong
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To confirm the awareness of child abuse and attitudes toward mandatory reporting among dental hygiene students in the Gwangju and Jeonnam regions. Methods: The level of awareness of child abuse according to general characteristics, attitudes toward reporting obligation, and awareness of the mandatory reporting system were analyzed using t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis, and correlation was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Awareness of child abuse was 3.76, 3.68, 3.67, and 3.18 points for neglect, sexual abuse, physical, and emotional abuse, respectively. The attitude toward reporting obligation were 3.60 and 2.62 points for positive and negative reporting attitudes, respectively. Regarding awareness of child abuse, a significant positive correlation was observed between positive reporting attitude (r=0.326, p<0.01) and awareness of mandatory reporting system (r=0.272, p<0.01). Conclusions: To increase the reporting rate among dental hygienists, awareness should be improved starting from the undergraduate level, perceptions of prospective dental hygienists should be reflected in the development and direction of educational programs, and it is necessary to increase accessibility to educational opportunities and continuously seek institutional and policy measures.
Breaking the chains: Advancements in antiviral strategies to combat Nipah virus infections
Authors: Orosco Fredmoore L.
Published: October 2023

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus that has caused several outbreaks with high fatality rates in humans and animals, thus, requiring a “One Health” approach. No specific treatment or vaccine is available for NiV infection, making the development of effective antiviral agents against this virus a critical research priority. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to identify and develop antiviral agents targeting the various stages of NiV pathogenesis. This review comprehensively discusses current research on antiviral agents against NiV. The promising results obtained with several compounds, including repurposed drugs, nucleoside analogs, phytochemicals, and multi-target inhibitors, are also highlighted. Developing effective antiviral agents against NiV remains a major challenge; however, recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of NiV pathogenesis and identifying potential targets for antiviral agents have provided hope for the future. Further research is required to identify and optimize antiviral agents with broad-spectrum activity against NiV and other related viruses.
One Health and research with freshwater fish: A systematic review
Authors: Miranda Julia Fernanda de Camargo Teles , Rodrigues Karla Fernanda Sanches , Carvalho Beatriz Regina Rodrigues , de Arruda José Rodrigo , de Souza Valéria , Smith Welber Senteio
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim: The concept of One Health, which aims to establish the association between human, animal, and environmental health, is dedicated to finding solutions to challenges such as the spread of zoonotic diseases. This study focuses on the conservation of freshwater fish and underscores the need for multi-and transdisciplinary approaches that emphasize the objective established by the concept.

Materials and Methods: In this context, this study conducted a systematic review, employing criteria for article selection and exclusion, where publications spanning from 1990 to 2022 were analyzed using the electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde.

Results: Using the keywords “One Health,” “fish,” and “freshwater,” a comprehensive collection of 2392 articles was identified. However, after a meticulous evaluation, only 12 articles fully satisfied the review criteria. These selected articles, published between 2015 and 2022, were primarily concentrated in Asia and Africa. Notably, the focal points of these articles addressed antimicrobial resistance, parasites, and heavy metals, which are challenges associated with consuming contaminated fish.

Conclusion: Thus, the One Health approach is the most efficient method for managing environmental risks. By harnessing the collaborative efforts of diverse professionals and experts in the fields of environmental, human, and animal health, this approach serves as a robust framework for addressing challenges involving the triad of human, animal, and environmental spheres.

Keywords: animal health, antimicrobial resistance, heavy metals, human health, parasites.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches in Breast Cancer Survival Prediction Using Clinical Data
Authors: Kalafi E. Y. , Nor N. A. M. , Taib N. A. , Ganggayah M. D. , Town C. , Dhillon Sarinder Kaur
Published: October 2023

Breast cancer survival prediction can have an extreme effect on selection of best treatment protocols. Many approaches such as statistical or machine learning models have been employed to predict the survival prospects of patients, but newer algorithms such as deep learning can be tested with the aim of improving the models and prediction accuracy. In this study, we used machine learning and deep learning approaches to predict breast cancer survival in 4,902 patient records from the University of Malaya Medical Centre Breast Cancer Registry. The results indicated that the multilayer perceptron (MLP), random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT) classifiers could predict survivorship, respectively, with 88.2 %, 83.3 % and 82.5 % accuracy in the tested samples. Support vector machine (SVM) came out to be lower with 80.5 %. In this study, tumour size turned out to be the most important feature for breast cancer survivability prediction. Both deep learning and machine learning methods produce desirable prediction accuracy, but other factors such as parameter configurations and data transformations affect the accuracy of the predictive model.
Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors: an Evaluation of Novel Biomarkers in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Zakiyanov Oskar , Chocová Z. , Hrušková Z. , Hladinová Z. , Kalousová Marta , Malíčková K. , Bednářová V. , Vachek J. , Wurmová P. , Kříha V. , Zima T. , Tesař V.
Published: October 2023

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) may play an important role in both inflammation with subsequent fibrosis and in repair and healing in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). We evaluated the circulating levels of MMPs, including pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), and TIMPs in patients with AAV. PAPP-A, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and selected parameters were measured in 100 AAV patients (36 patients with active disease and 64 patients in remission) and 34 healthy subjects. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and PAPP-A in AAV were all found to be different to those of the controls. The MMP-7 and PAPP-A concentrations were increased in active disease in comparison to the controls (MMP-7: 13 ±.7 vs. 2 ± 0.6 ng/ml, PAPP-A: 14 ± 18 vs. 6.8 ± 2.6 ng/ml, both P < 0.005). The MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels were increased in remission when compared to the controls (MMP-2: 242 ± 50 ng/ml vs. 212 ± 26 ng /ml, TIMP-2: 82 ± 14 ng/ml vs. 68 ± 93 ng/ml) and to the active AAV (MMP-2: 242 ± 50 vs. 219 ± 54 ng/ml, TIMP-2: 82 ± 14 ng/ml vs. 73 ± 15 ng/ml, all P < 0.005). MMP-3, MMP-7, TIMP-1, and PAPP-A correlated with serum creatinine. The serum levels of MMPs, TIMPs and PAPP-A are all altered in AAV. MMP-2, MMP-7 and TIMP-2 appear to be promising markers in distinguishing active AAV from remission. MMP-3, MMP-7, TIMP-1, and PAPP-A are associated with kidney function in AAV. Further studies are needed to delineate the exact roles of circulating MMPs, TIMPs and PAPP-A in patients with AAV.