bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of small drizzle droplets in a large cloud chamber using ultrahigh-resolution radar
Authors: Zhu Zeen , Yang Fan , Kollias Pavlos , Shaw Raymond A. , Kostinski Alex B. , Krueger Steve , Lamer Katia , Allwayin Nithin , Oue Mariko
Published: February 2024

Abstract. A large convection–cloud chamber has the potential to produce drizzle-sized droplets, thus offering a new opportunity to investigate aerosol–cloud–drizzle interactions at a fundamental level under controlled environmental conditions. One key measurement requirement is the development of methods to detect the low-concentration drizzle drops in such a large cloud chamber. In particular, remote sensing methods may overcome some limitations of in situ methods. Here, the potential of an ultrahigh-resolution radar to detect the radar return signal of a small drizzle droplet against the cloud droplet background signal is investigated. It is found that using a small sampling volume is critical to drizzle detection in a cloud chamber to allow a drizzle drop in the radar sampling volume to dominate over the background cloud droplet signal. For instance, a radar volume of 1 cubic centimeter (cm3) would enable the detection of drizzle embryos with diameter larger than 40 µm. However, the probability of drizzle sampling also decreases as the sample volume reduces, leading to a longer observation time. Thus, the selection of radar volume should consider both the signal power and the drizzle occurrence probability. Finally, observations from the Pi Convection–Cloud Chamber are used to demonstrate the single-drizzle-particle detection concept using small radar volume. The results presented in this study also suggest new applications of ultrahigh-resolution cloud radar for atmospheric sensing.
Uncertainty of simulated brightness temperature due to sensitivity to atmospheric gas spectroscopic parameters
Authors: Gallucci Donatello , Cimini Domenico , Turner Emma , Fox Stuart , Rosenkranz Philip W. , Tretyakov Mikhail Y. , Mattioli Vinia , Larosa Salvatore , Romano Filomena
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric radiative transfer models are extensively used in Earth observation to simulate radiative processes occurring in the atmosphere and to provide both upwelling and downwelling synthetic brightness temperatures for ground-based, airborne, and satellite radiometric sensors. For a meaningful comparison between simulated and observed radiances, it is crucial to characterise the uncertainty of such models. The purpose of this work is to quantify the uncertainty in radiative transfer models due to uncertainty in the associated spectroscopic parameters, and to compute simulated brightness temperature uncertainties for millimeter- and submillimeter-wave channels of downward-looking satellite radiometric sensors (MWI, ICI, MWS and ATMS) as well as upward looking airborne radiometers (ISMAR and MARSS). The approach adopted here is firstly to study the sensitivity of brightness temperature calculations to each spectroscopic parameter separately, then to identify the dominant parameters and investigate their uncertainty covariance, and finally to compute the total brightness temperature uncertainty due to the full uncertainty covariance matrix for the identified set of relevant spectroscopic parameters. The approach is applied to a recent version of the Millimiter-Wave propagation model, taking into account water vapor, oxygen, and ozone spectroscopic parameters, though it is general and can be applied to any radiative transfer code. A set of 135 spectroscopic parameters were identified as dominant for the uncertainty of simulated brightness temperatures (26 for water vapor, 109 for oxygen, none for ozone). The uncertainty of simulated brightness temperatures is computed for six climatology conditions (ranging from sub-Arctic winter to Tropical) and all instrument channels. Uncertainty is found to be up to few kelvin [K] in the millimeter-wave range, whereas it is considerably lower in the submillimeter-wave range (less than 1 K).
Physics-motivated Cell-octree Adaptive Mesh Refinement in the Vlasiator 5.3 Global Hybrid-Vlasov Code
Authors: Kotipalo Leo , Battarbee Markus , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Palmroth Minna
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Automatically adaptive grid resolution is a common way of improving simulation accuracy while keeping the computational efficiency at a manageable level. In space physics adaptive grid strategies are especially useful as simulation volumes are extreme, while the most accurate physical description is based on electron dynamics and hence requires very small grid cells and time steps. Therefore, many past global simulations encompassing e.g. the near-Earth space have made tradeoffs in terms of the physical description and used laws of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) that require less accurate grid resolutions. Recently, using supercomputers, it has become possible to model the near-Earth space domain with an ion-hybrid scheme going beyond the MHD-based fluid dynamics. These simulations, however, must develop a new adaptive mesh strategy beyond what is used in MHD simulations. We developed an automatically adaptive grid refinement strategy for ion-hybrid Vlasov schemes, and implemented it within the Vlasiator global solar wind – magnetosphere – ionosphere simulation Vlasiator. This method automatically adapts the resolution of the Vlasiator grid using two indices: one formed as a maximum of dimensionless gradients measuring the rate of spatial change in selected variables, and the other derived from the ratio of the current density to the magnetic field density perpendicular to the current. Both these indices can be tuned independently to reach a desired level of refinement and computational load. We test the indices independently and compare the results to a control run using static refinement. The results show that adaptive refinement highlights relevant regions of the simulation domain and keeps the computational effort at a manageable level. We find that the refinement shows some overhead in rate of cells solved per second. This overhead can be large compared to the control run without adaptive refinement, possibly due to resource utilisation, grid complexity and issues in load balancing. These issues lay a development roadmap for future optimisations.
Automated detection of regions with persistently enhanced methane concentrations using Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite data
Authors: Vanselow Steffen , Schneising Oliver , Buchwitz Michael , Reuter Maximilian , Bovensmann Heinrich , Boesch Hartmut , Burrows John P.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is an important anthropogenic greenhouse gas and its rising concentration in the atmosphere contributes significantly to global warming. A comparatively small number of highly emitting persistent methane sources is responsible for a large share of global methane emissions. The identification and quantification of these sources, which often show large uncertainties regarding their emissions or locations, is important to support mitigating climate change. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard on the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite, launched in October 2017, provides measurements of the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of atmospheric methane (XCH4) with a daily global coverage and a high spatial resolution of up to km2, enabling the detection and quantification of localized methane sources. We developed a fully automated algorithm to detect regions with persistent methane enhancement and to quantify their emissions using a monthly TROPOMI XCH4 dataset from the years 2018–2021. We detect 217 potential persistent source regions (PPSRs), which account for approximately 20 % of the total bottom-up emissions. By comparing the PPSRs in a spatial analysis with anthropogenic and natural emission databases we conclude that 7.8 % of the detected source regions are dominated by coal, 7.8 % by oil and gas, 30.4 % by other anthropogenic sources like landfills or agriculture, 7.3 % by wetlands and 46.5 % by unknown sources. Many of the identified PPSRs are well-known source regions, like the Permian Basin in the USA, which is a large production area for oil and gas, the Bowen Basin coal mining area in Australia, or the Pantanal wetlands in Brazil. We perform a detailed analysis of the PPSRs with the 10 highest emission estimates, including the Sudd Wetland in South Sudan, an oil and gas dominated area on the west coast in Turkmenistan, and one of the largest coal production areas in the world, the Kuznetsk Basin in Russia. The calculated emission estimates of these source regions are in agreement within the uncertainties with results from other studies, but are in most of the cases higher than the emissions reported by emission databases. We demonstrate that our algorithm is able to automatically detect and quantify persistent localized methane sources of different source type and shape, including larger-scale enhancements such as wetlands or extensive oil and gas production basins.
Detecting the human fingerprint in the summer 2022 western–central European soil drought
Authors: Schumacher Dominik L. , Zachariah Mariam , Otto Friederike , Barnes Clair , Philip Sjoukje , Kew Sarah , Vahlberg Maja , Singh Roop , Heinrich Dorothy , Arrighi Julie , van Aalst Maarten , Hauser Mathias , Hirschi Martin , Bessenbacher Verena , Gudmundsson Lukas , Beaudoing Hiroko K. , Rodell Matthew , Li Sihan , Yang Wenchang , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Harrington Luke J. , Lehner Flavio , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. In the 2022 summer, western–central Europe and several other regions in the northern extratropics experienced substantial soil moisture deficits in the wake of precipitation shortages and elevated temperatures. Much of Europe has not witnessed a more severe soil drought since at least the mid-20th century, raising the question whether this is a manifestation of our warming climate. Here, we employ a well-established statistical approach to attribute the low 2022 summer soil moisture to human-induced climate change using observation-driven soil moisture estimates and climate models. We find that in western–central Europe, a June–August root zone soil moisture drought such as in 2022 is expected to occur once in 20 years in the present climate but would have occurred only about once per century during preindustrial times. The entire northern extratropics show an even stronger global warming imprint with a 20-fold soil drought probability increase or higher, but we note that the underlying uncertainty is large. Reasons are manifold but include the lack of direct soil moisture observations at the required spatiotemporal scales, the limitations of remotely sensed estimates, and the resulting need to simulate soil moisture with land surface models driven by meteorological data. Nevertheless, observation-based products indicate long-term declining summer soil moisture for both regions, and this tendency is likely fueled by regional warming, while no clear trends emerge for precipitation. Finally, our climate model analysis suggests that under 2 ∘C global warming, 2022-like soil drought conditions would become twice as likely for western–central Europe compared to today and would take place nearly every year across the northern extratropics.
Exploring multi-decadal time series of temperature extremes in Australian coastal waters
Authors: Hemming Michael , Roughan Moninya , Schaeffer Amandine
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The intensity and frequency of extreme ocean temperature events, such as marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold spells (MCSs), are expected to change as our oceans warm. Little is known about marine extremes in Australian coastal waters, particularly below the surface. Here we introduce a multi-decadal observational record of extreme ocean temperature events starting in the 1940s and 1950s between the surface and the bottom (50–100 m) at four long-term coastal sites around Australia: the Australian Multi-Decadal Ocean Time Series EXTreme (AMDOT-EXT) data products (https://doi.org/10.26198/wbc7-8h24, Hemming et al., 2024). The data products include indices indicating the timing of extreme warm and cold temperature events, their intensity and the corresponding temperature time series and climatology thresholds. We include MHWs, MCSs and shorter-duration heat spikes and cold spikes. For MHWs and MCSs, which are defined as anomalies above the daily varying 90th and 10th percentiles, respectively, and lasting more than 5 d, we also provide further event information, such as their category and onset and decline rates. The four data products are provided as CF-compliant NetCDF files, and it is our intention that they be updated periodically. It is advised that data users seek the latest data product version. Using these multi-decadal data products, we show the most intense and longest extreme temperature events at these sites, which have occurred below the surface. These data records highlight the value of long-term full water column ocean data for the identification of extreme temperature events below the surface.
Measurements of morphodynamics of a sheltered beach along the Dutch Wadden Sea
Authors: van der Lugt Marlies A. , Bosma Jorn W. , de Schipper Matthieu A. , Price Timothy D. , van Maarseveen Marcel C. G. , van der Gaag Pieter , Ruessink Gerben , Reniers Ad J. H. M. , Aarninkhof Stefan G. J.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. A field campaign was carried out at a sheltered sandy beach with the aim of gaining new insights into the driving processes behind sheltered beach morphodynamics. Detailed measurements of the local hydrodynamics, bed-level changes and sediment composition were collected at a man-made beach on the leeside of the barrier island Texel, bordering the Marsdiep basin that is part of the Dutch Wadden Sea. The dataset consists of (1) current, wave and turbidity measurements from a dense cross-shore array and a 3 km alongshore array; (2) sediment composition data from beach surface samples; (3) high-temporal-resolution RTK-GNSS beach profile measurements; (4) a pre-campaign spatially covering topobathy map; and (5) meteorological data. This paper outlines how these measurements were set up and how the data have been processed, stored and can be accessed. The novelty of this dataset lies in the detailed approach to resolve forcing conditions on a sheltered beach, where morphological evolution is governed by a subtle interplay between tidal and wind-driven currents, waves and bed composition, primarily due to the low-energy (near-threshold) forcing. The data are publicly available at 4TU Centre for Research Data at: https://doi.org/10.4121/19c5676c-9cea-49d0-b7a3-7c627e436541 (Van der Lugt et al., 2023).
A method for quantifying the time of cooling in thermochronometric inversions
Authors: McDannell Kalin T. , Keller C. Brenhin
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Reconstructing geological processes and events from thermochronometric data typically requires the interpretation of time-temperature path ensembles calculated by inverse methods. Commonly, this may be as simple as associating heating or cooling in thermal histories with specific geologic events and indirectly "dating" such events by estimating the time of observed heating or cooling. While visual assessments may suffice in the simplest cases, statistical comparison requires quantitative estimations of the time of cooling. This study presents a straightforward methodology wherein we ascertain the time of peak cooling for the entire cooling signal within a thermal history model. The focus is on the time-temperature paths intersecting the half-maximum cooling isotherm, where the full distribution of interpolated model times at that isotherm provides a quantitative metric for the characteristic "time of cooling". We apply this method to thermochronologic inversions of synthetic and natural examples, demonstrating its practicality and functionality. This systematic approach provides an effective means of quantitatively reporting the peak cooling time from thermal history inversions.
Numerical coupling of aerosol emissions, dry removal, and turbulent mixing in the E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1) – Part 2: A semi-discrete error analysis framework for assessing coupling schemes
Authors: Vogl Christopher J. , Wan Hui , Woodward Carol S. , Bui Quan M.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Part 1 (Wan et al., 2024) of this study discusses the motivation and empirical evaluation of a revision to the aerosol-related numerical process coupling in the atmosphere component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (EAMv1) to address the previously reported issue of strong sensitivity of the simulated dust aerosol lifetime and dry removal rate to the model's vertical resolution. This paper complements that empirical justification of the revised scheme with a mathematical justification leveraging a semi-discrete analysis framework for assessing the splitting error of process coupling methods. The framework distinguishes the error due to numerical splitting from the error due to the time integration method(s) used for each individual process. Such a distinction results in a framework that provides an intuitive understanding of the causes of the splitting error. The application of this framework to the dust life cycle in EAMv1 confirms (i) that the original EAMv1 scheme artificially strengthens the effect of dry removal processes and (ii) that the revised splitting reduces that artificial strengthening. While the error analysis framework is presented in the context of the dust life cycle in EAMv1, the framework can be broadly leveraged to evaluate process coupling schemes, both in other physical problems and for any number of processes. This framework will be particularly powerful when the various process implementations support a variety of time integration approaches. Whereas traditional local truncation error approaches require separate consideration of each combination of time integration methods, this framework enables evaluation of coupling schemes independent of particular time integration approaches for each process while still allowing for the incorporation of these specific time integration errors if so desired. The framework also explains how the splitting error terms result from (i) the integration of individual processes in isolation from other processes and (ii) the choices of input state and time step size for the isolated integration of processes. Such a perspective has the potential for the rapid development of alternative coupling approaches that utilize knowledge both about the desired accuracy and about the computational costs of individual processes.
A new lightning scheme in Canada's Atmospheric Model, CanAM5.1: Implementation, evaluation, and projections of lightning and fire in future climates
Authors: Whaley Cynthia , Etten-Bohm Montana , Schumacher Courtney , Akingunola Ayodeji , Arora Vivek , Cole Jason , Lazare Michael , Plummer David , von Salzen Knut , Winter Barbara
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Lightning is an important atmospheric process for generating reactive nitrogen, resulting in production of tropospheric ozone, as well as igniting wildland fires, which result in potentially large emissions of many pollutants and short-lived climate forcers. Lightning is also expected to change in frequency and location with the changing climate. As such, lightning is an important component of Earth system models. Until now, the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) did not contain an interactive lightning parameterization. The fire parameterization in CanESM5.1 was designed to use prescribed monthly climatological lightning. In this study, we have added a logistical regression lightning model that predicts lightning occurrence interactively based on three environmental variables and their interactions into CanESM5.1’s atmospheric model, CanAM5.1, creating the capacity to interactively model lightning, allowing for future projections under different climate scenarios. The modelled lightning and resulting burned area were evaluated against satellite measurements over the historical period and model biases were found to be acceptable. Modelled lightning was within a factor of two of the measurements and had exceptionally accurate land/ocean ratios. The modified version of CanESM5.1 was used to simulate two future climate scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) to assess how lightning and burned area change in the future. Under the higher emission scenario (SSP5-8.5), CanESM5.1 predicts an increase in northern mid-latitude lightning flashrate of 5 %, but a decrease in tropical lightning of -10 %, resulting in almost no change to the global mean lightning amount by the end-of-the century (2081–2100 vs 2015–2035 average). By century’s end, the change in global total burned area with prescribed climatological lightning was about two times greater than that with interactive lightning (43 % vs 19 % increase, respectively). Conversely, in the northern mid-latitudes the use of interactive lightning resulted in three times more area burned as that with unchanging lightning (36 % vs 13 % increase, respectively). These results show that the future changes to burned area are greatly dependent on a model’s lightning scheme, both spatially and overall.
Seasonal prediction of end-of-dry-season watershed behavior in a highly interconnected alluvial watershed in northern California
Authors: Kouba Claire , Harter Thomas
Published: February 2024

Abstract. In undammed watersheds in Mediterranean climates, the timing and abruptness of the transition from the dry season to the wet season have major implications for aquatic ecosystems. Of particular concern in many coastal areas is whether this transition can provide sufficient flows at the right time to allow passage for spawning anadromous fish, which is determined by dry season baseflow rates and the timing of the onset of the rainy season. In (semi-) ephemeral watershed systems, these functional flows also dictate the timing of full reconnection of the stream system. In this study, we propose methods to predict, approximately 5 months in advance, two key hydrologic metrics in the undammed rural Scott River watershed in northern California. The two metrics are intended to characterize (1) the severity of a dry year and (2) the relative timing of the transition from the dry to the wet season. The ability to predict these metrics in advance could support seasonal adaptive management. The first metric is the minimum 30 d dry season baseflow volume, Vmin, which occurs at the end of the dry season (September–October) in this Mediterranean climate. The second metric is the cumulative precipitation, starting 1 September, necessary to bring the watershed to a “full” or “spilling” condition (i.e., initiate the onset of wet season storm- or baseflows) after the end of the dry season, referred to here as Pspill. As potential predictors of these two metrics, we assess maximum snowpack, cumulative precipitation, the timing of the snowpack and precipitation, spring groundwater levels, spring river flows, reference evapotranspiration, and a subset of these metrics from the previous water year. Though many of these predictors are correlated with the two metrics of interest, we find that the best prediction for both metrics is a linear combination of the maximum snowpack water content and total October–April precipitation. These two linear models could reproduce historical values of Vmin and Pspill with an average model error (RMSE) of 1.4 Mm3 per 30 d (19.4 cfs) and 25.4 mm (1 in.), corresponding to 49 % and 37 % of mean observed values, respectively. Although these predictive indices could be used by governance entities to support local water management, careful consideration of baseline conditions used as a basis for prediction is necessary.
The role of applying green innovation on enhancing environmental sustainability in the industrial facilities in Palestine
Authors:   Al-Quds university– Palestine, Mohammad Herzallah Ahmad , Mahmoud Al Qawasmi Afnan ,   Al-Quds university– Palestine, Abd Alwahab Yasmeen Mahmoud ,   Al-Quds university– Palestine
Published: February 2024

This study aims to examine the role of applying green innovation in enhancing environmental sustainability in industrial facilities in Palestine. To do so, researchers have used an analytical descriptive methodology that suites the reality of this study, by designing a two parts questionnaire. The first one includes: The reality of applying green innovation to industrial facilities through (Green Product, Green processes, and Green Management). The second one includes: Enhancing environmental sustainability in industrial facilities. The study was conducted on senior management of 207 Palestinian industrial facilities, using a non-probability sampling with a final result of (137) respondents. The study has found that the overall degree of applying green innovation as well as the overall degree of environmental sustainability in industrial facilities in Palestine was high. Moreover, it has showed a significant relation between areas of green innovation combined and enhancing environmental sustainability in these facilities. Furthermore, it showed an impact of applying green innovation including (Green Product, Green processes, and Green Management) on enhancing environmental sustainability, even though, there were some differences in the evaluation of sample study individuals in the areas of green innovation and environmental sustainability according to the sector variable. For example, these differences were in favor of people working in the furniture industry sector over those working in the food industry sector.
Classification Of Electronic Crimes According To The Nature Of The Right Assaulted (A Comparative Study Between The Palestinian And Emirati Legislations)
Authors:   Alistiqlal University, Palestine, Badousi Mohammad
Published: February 2024

This research investigates the issue of the different classifications of electronic crimes, and the importance of classifying them in the criminal law, with a focus on the specificity and the importance of the right assaulted in classifying them, as well as the importance of classifying them according to this criterion at all stages of the legal process to Combatting phenomenon of electronic crime. In this study we also investigates, the approach of Palestinian and Emirati legislators in classifying and regulating the provisions electronic crimes and Communications Crimes & information technology, pursuant to Decree-Law No. 10 of 2018, and Federal Law Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 on combating phenomenon of electronic crime. At the end of the study, the researcher reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, One of the most important of conclusions is that The classification of electronic crimes based on the criterion of the right assaulted constitutes a vital issue in confronting these crimes, just as the Palestinian legislator did not follow a specific approach in his classification of electronic crimes and their substantive and procedural provisions, as the UAE legislator did in organizing and classifying crimes according to a clear approach. One of the most important recommendations is the necessity of the legislator the need for the Palestinian legislator to make amendments to the electronic crimes Law, classify these crimes, and separate the substantive and procedural provisions within this law, as well as amend the texts of Articles (21, 28, 48) of this law.
Enhancing Maternal Outcome Prediction Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Women of Childbearing Age
Authors: Obinna Nwokoro Chukwudi , Inyang Udoinyang G. , Eyoh Imo J. , Umoh U. A. , Augustine Duke Onyeabochukwu , Nwokoro Kelechi C. , Opara Peace I. , Obinachi Chinmanma , Kingsley Joseph U.
Published: February 2024

Our research has identified a significant shift in the utilization of machine learning models for prediction and decision-making. Rather than solely relying on these models, there is now a growing focus on their explainability and interpretability. Data for this study were acquired between 2019 and 2022 in the Nigerian Coastal Plain, encompassing information from two thousand patients collected at secondary and tertiary healthcare centers, comprising fifteen distinct features. Our team utilized the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) method to achieve this goal, adhering to the principle of fair play from game theory, giving every maternal attribute used in our work equal consideration. With an RF model and explainable AI techniques, we aimed to predict maternal outcomes and provide comprehensive insights into the most important features of mothers within the bearing age group. We summarized the study’s findings in terms of demography, laboratory results, physical examination, and mode of delivery. Our analysis revealed that mothers of an older age are more likely to experience a caesarean section or have a child with Down syndrome. However, we also found that the SHAP method, along with other XAI methods such as LIME and CIU, can play a vital role in improving satisfaction, time, and understanding. This approach can greatly improve medical decision-making, benefiting both mothers and their children. Our confidence in these findings is high, and we believe they will have a noteworthy impact on the field of parental health.
Measuring Lessons Learned from Durham Region’s Community Hub Model During COVID-19: A Support Solution for Individuals Experiencing Homelessness and Other At-Risk Populations
Authors: Peters Volletta , Martignetti Lucas , Shamaa Hala , Sun Winnie
Published: February 2024

The 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic severely limited the availability of community resources within the Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario, Canada. It disrupted the lives of persons experiencing homelessness and other vulnerable populations. To address the gaps in resources, community stakeholders developed two pilot community hubs to respond to the unmet health, housing, and support needs of those impacted. This research utilized a mixed-methods research design to determine the effectiveness of the community hubs in responding to the unmet needs of patrons utilizing the services and the scalability of the community hub model as a viable regional service approach. Surveys were administered in person with seventy-five community hub patrons. Fifteen direct service staff completed self-administered online surveys. Interviews were conducted with five community hub managerial staff and two subject-matter experts who collaborated with one of the community hubs. Results from the study showed that the needs of patrons were deep and entrenched and required a progressive, co-located, integrated health and social service response model. Staff described the services as critical and lifesaving for the patrons. The descriptive statistical analysis revealed that 93% of patrons indicated that services offered by the community hubs met their needs. The main challenge for the community hubs was the lack of core funding. Implications of this study include establishing a regional, evidence-informed, integrated system of care that addresses the healthcare, social service, and housing needs of populations experiencing homelessness.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON DETERIORATION OF HISTORIC BRICKS FROM SELECTED MUGHAL MONUMENTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan., Khan Muhammad Tehmash , . Shakirullah ,   Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
Published: February 2024

Over the years, buildings made of bricks and other porous materials suffer physical and chemical damage while exposed to weathering. Deterioration then occurs due to various intrinsic and extrinsic factors and urban environmental damage is very extensive, altering material’s form. The Mughal monuments in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan are exposed to similar environmental threats and is an experimental ground of inadequate conservation due to which these historic structures are rapidly and irreversibly decaying. This work is based on the study and analysis of various brick samples from selected monuments. Many of its elements and features are vanishing with time as observed at various locations. It is therefore necessary to develop a conservation strategy for these monuments by characterizing the materials, identifying the environmental impacts, and evaluating/developing the conservation scenarios for the preservation of this irreplaceable heritage asset. Keywords: Heritage; Historical buildings; Bricks; Physical, chemical, and biological weathering.
EXCLUSION OF NATIVES: A POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SHADOW OF THE CRESCENT MOON
Authors:   University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan., Khan Waheed Ahmad , Zeeshan Muhammad ,   Department of Linguistics, University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Ali Khizar ,   Department of English, Bacha Khan University Charsada Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Published: February 2024

The present article explores ambiguous status of Pashtun characters in Fatima Bhutto’s novel The Shadow of the Crescent Moon. It highlights pitfalls of nationalism which due to racial composition divides the nation into upper and lower classes. Difference between the elite and dominated classes is sustained with the help of economic and political inequalities. Sectarian violence is also a factor which adds to the miseries of the lower class. It results in exteriorization of the interiors which means that cultural identity of the dominated ethnic group is questioned and shown as deviant. Their status becomes ambiguous as they are natives of the state but are not treated as respectable citizens. Views of Etienne Balibar (1991) about exclusion of the natives are relevant to the issue under study. The study is qualitative which is based on interpretive analysis of selected passages from the novel. The article is significant in highlighting issues of sectarian violence and impact of racism on nationalism which leads to division of the same community into elite and dominated groups. The dominated group is pushed into an ambiguous status and suffers due to cultural identity and sectarianism. Keywords: Nationalism, Pashtuns, Racism, Exclusion, Sectarianism.
Molecular Docking of Fisetin as a Multi-target drug in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: R Malathi , Dsouza Vailina , Puja Puja , R Rithika , P Sneha
Published: February 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is a slow deadly form of dementia occurring in almost 70% of the older generation. Throughout the world, there are approximately 47 million people affected. Countries that are mostly affected by Alzheimer’s disease with the highest are Turkey and Lebanon by 57% and 56% respectively. The lowest rates include India, Cambodia, Georgia, and Singapore. This includes symptoms such as disorientation, mood swings, behavioral issues, etc. ultimately leading to death. The primitive appearance of the alpha-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the different regions of the brain leads to the cause of AD progression. In this present study, Fisetin which is a plant flavonoid having neurotropic and neuroprotective properties is docked with the drug targets of Alzheimer’s disease. The study was focused on analysing the molecular interaction of Fisetin with potential drug targets of Alzheimer’s disease. The docking was performed using AutoDock 4.2. The minimum binding energy studies explain the efficiency of the ligand binding with the therapeutic target proteins. Proteins play a significant role in Alzheimer’s disease as it is responsible for various functions which also are the major attributes of Alzheimer's disease namely amyloid-β production, tau phosphorylation, synaptic function, neurogenesis, and memory which all are influenced by dysregulation of this enzyme. Four proteins were selected based on the action and function they play in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease namely FYN tyrosine kinase, Beta Secretase (BACE 1), Gamma secretase, and Glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3-β). The minimum binding energy scores for the following 3D molecular structures were FYN tyrosine kinase = -8.2 kcal/mol, BACE1= -10.67kcal/mol, Gamma secretase = - 10.03kcal/mol, GSK3 Beta = -10.47kcal/mol; No. of hydrogen bonds: 12, 10, 10 and 21 respectively. From the 4 potential Alzheimer’s drug targets, Glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3-β) and Beta Secretase, had the best interaction with Fisetin with the lowest binding energy. Along with this Fisetin was analyzed for its molecular properties, drug-likeness, biological activity, and toxicity using the Way2drug bio tool.
Tuna Ethanol Extract reduces CRP and Edema in Animal Models of Adjuvant Arthritis
Authors: Handajani Fitri , Sukmana Judya
Published: February 2024

Rheumatic arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease caused by an autoimmune process. Tuna contains many nutrients that act as antioxidants and anti-inflammatories in the form of vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. This study aims to determine the effect of Tuna fish extract on inflammation in the legs of animal models of adjuvant arthritis. Twenty-four male Rattus norvegicus which were partitioned into P1 groups of no treatment rats, P2 groups of adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats, were nduced with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), P3 groups are rats with adjuvant arthritis who were given Thunnus obesus fish ethanol extricate orally for seven consecutive days from the primary day of the emergence of symptoms of AA, and given with the dosage of 12 grams/kg of body weight, beginning on the 22nd day. At the last day of the study, the CRP and swelling feet joints of all groups of rats were measured (on day 29). Tuna ethanol extracts significantly decrease the mean volume of edema (p = 0.034) and CRP levels (p=0.022) in adjuvant arthritis rats. The content of active ingredients in Tuna has been shown to inhibit the inflammatory process through the inhibition of cox-2, resulting in a reduction of the volume of animal leg joint edema and CRP levels in adjuvant arthritis trials. Administration of Tuna fish extract at a dose of 12g/kg BW can reduce leg edema of adjuvant arthritis experimental animals and serum CRP levels of adjuvant arthritis experimental animals.
Phytochemical characterisation, antioxidant and anti-microbial efficacy of allspice Pimenta dioica
Authors: Nagalakshmi K. , Angeline R  Monica , Prasath G. Sriram
Published: February 2024

Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr (also known as Pimenta Officinalis) belongs to the family Myrtaceae is globally as valuable spices. This is commonly known as allspice, Jamaica pepper and Pimento. This spice possesses the characteristic flavor and aroma of clove, nutmeg, cinnamon and black pepper, all combined in this one spice, hence named allspice. Allspice is used for treating indigestion which might be due to the abundance of the common polyphenol Eugenol , known to stimulate digestive enzymes. The present study was aimed in analysing the bioactive compounds present in P.diocia. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy of P.diocia was determined. GC-MS Pattern of the ethanolic extract confirms the presence of eugenol a potent bioactive compound and qualitative analysis revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents. The ethanolic extract of plant proved to have anti-microbial effect on disease causing microbes such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Bacillus anthracis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae with MIC of 5mg of the ethanolic extract which may be due to the different phytocontituents in the plant extract and partly due to eugenol a potent anti-microbial compound. The results of the present study indicate that Pimenta dioica is a good source of bioactive compounds and possess antibacterial activity which might be due to presence of eugenol.
Effect of Teneligliptin in comparison with Voglibose as an add on therapy in reducing microvascular complications in type II Diabetes Mellitus patients – A Prospective randomized control trial
Authors: Sivasankari V. , Manivannan E.
Published: February 2024

Background: The strict glycaemic control postpones all the microvascular and macrovascular complications. In type 2 diabetes the initiation of metformin is the cornerstone in reducing blood sugar. The next option is either insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents. The DPP-4 inhibitors like gliptins have the advantages of less incidence of hypoglycaemia, good safety profile and can be combined to any oral hypoglycaemics. The meta-analysis showed that teneligliptin has less adverse profile in number of Japanese and Korean studies. It was proved that the fasting glucose and postprandial glucose substantially reduced with a potential benefit of reducing cholesterol, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The advantage of using this drug as is does not worsen the hepatic and renal status. Voglibose an α-glycosidase inhibitors delay the glucose absorption from GIT hence effective in reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study was designed to compare the efficacy of teneligliptin and voglibose as an add on therapy on patients with uncontrolled blood sugar in addition to metformin 500mg BD and glimepiride 2 mg OD. Totally 80 patients were included between the age groups of 40 to 70 years. Patients were divided into two groups 40 patients each, group A were given teneligliptin and group B patients were given voglibose for a period of 6 months. At the end of 3rd month and 6th month investigations were done for FBS, PPBS and HbA1c.Statisticalmethods: Data were tabulated and results were analysed by using Analysis of Variance. AP value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: At the end ofsix months group II showed significant reduction in fasting blood sugar and post-prandial blood sugar level. A significant reduction in FBS, PPBS, HbA1c is seen in both the groups, where teneligliptin has a favourable glucose reduction along with voglibose. Conclusions: Our study concludes that teneligliptin is better than voglibose as the 2nd line add on therapy to sulphonylureas, metformin or insulin.
Estrategias de descortesía en la sátira política clandestina de la Edad Moderna
Authors: Tabernero Cristina
Published: February 2024

On the basis of political satire as a political discourse with three recipients (multidestination) and as a discourteous verbal act, this article examines which are the most relevant discourteous mechanisms or strategies used in a corpus of seventeenth-century clandestine satirical poetry in order to accomplish the purpose of dismantling the political system at the time.
Venidas y vueltas de la Virgen de los Remedios: entre lo serio y lo jocoso
Authors: Krutitskaya Anastasia
Published: February 2024

The celebration of the transfer of the image of the Virgin of Los Remedios from her sanctuary in Naucalpan to the Metropolitan Cathedral in Mexico City was described in a series of versified accounts, from which at least eight different printed pamphlets written by different authors, dated 1653–1685, are known, as well as a poetic programme from 1621. This article analyses their rhetorical construction, and their style, which is sometimes serious, and sometimes jocose, situating them, moreover, in the discourse used by the chroniclers and historians of this time, in order to observe how verbal aesthetics around a particular phenomenon is being transformed from 1616 to 1685.
Cakupan Pelayanan Vaksinasi Covid-19 Dosis Ke-3 Pada Lansia Di Puskesmas Karangdoro Semarang Timur
Authors: Koten Siprianus Hide , Ratih Kumala Dewi
Published: February 2024

It is known that the national vaccination coverage for dose 1 is 93.56%, dose 2 is 74.63%, and dose 3 is 29.24%. From this data it is known that the implementation of booster vaccines is still very low, especially in the elderly which is only 33% or around 7,196,711 elderly people who have just received booster vaccination. This study aims to determine the coverage of the 3rd dose of Covid-19 vaccination for the elderly at the Karangdoro Community Health Center, East Semarang. This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. The population is 3,425 elderly people aged 60 years and over who live in the Karangdoro Community Health Center. The sample in this study used the Slovin formula with probability sampling technique. The sample size obtained in this study was 150 elderly respondents. The results of the research are that there is no significant relationship between the variable history of comorbid diseases and the utilization of the 3rd dose of Covid-19 vaccination services for the elderly at the Karangdoro Community Health Center with a p-value = 0.579 and there is a significant relationship on the knowledge variable with a p-value = 0.579. 0.003, a perception variable with a p-value = 0.001 regarding the utilization of the 3rd dose of Covid-19 vaccination services for the elderly at the Karangdoro Community Health Center, East Semarang. The government is advised to increase the education and confidence of the elderly regarding the 3rd dose of Covid-19 vaccination by providing information about the 3rd dose of the Covid-19 vaccine that is easily accessible in the environment.
Tuberculoma mimicking lung cancer: A diagnostic dilemma resolved by therapeutic trial
Authors: Xhen Khor Zhong , Syamimi Mohd Isa , Yuen Lee Sze
Published: February 2024

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Fine-Tuning Should Make Us More Confident that Other Universes Exist
Authors: Saad Bradford
Published: February 2024

This paper defends the view that discovering that our universe is fine-tuned should make us more confident that other universes exist. My defense exploits a distinction between ideal and non-ideal evidential support. I use that distinction in concert with a simple model to disarm the most influential objection—the this-universe objection—to the view that fine-tuning supports the existence of other universes. However, the simple model fails to capture some important features of our epistemic situation with respect to fine-tuning. To capture these features, I introduce a more sophisticated model. I then use the more sophisticated model to show that, even once those complicating factors are taken into account, fine-tuning should boost our confidence in the existence of other universes.
The Anti-Conceptual Engineering Argument and the Problem of Implementation
Authors: Koch Steffen
Published: February 2024

Conceptual engineering concerns the assessment and improvement of our concepts. But how can proposals to engineer concepts be implemented in the real world? This is known as the implementation challenge to conceptual engineering. In this paper, I am concerned with the meta-philosophical implications of the implementation challenge. Specifically, must we overcome the implementation challenge prior to undertaking conceptual engineering? Some critics have recently answered this question affirmatively. I intend to show that they are mistaken. I argue as follows. First, successful implementation is not an integral part of conceptual engineering. Second, the idea that the value of conceptual engineering relies on successful implementation is in tension with widespread assumptions about normative theorizing.
On Translating the Sensitivity Condition to the Possible Worlds Idiom in Different Ways
Authors: Zhao Bin
Published: February 2024

The sensitivity account of knowledge is a modal epistemology, according to which S knows that p only if S's belief in p is sensitive in the sense that S would not believe that p if p were false. There are different ways to state the sensitivity condition by means of a possible worlds heuristic. The sensitivity account is thus rendered into different versions. This paper examines cases of knowledge and cases of luckily true beliefs (e.g., the Gettier cases) and argues that no version of the sensitivity account accommodates all cases. Therefore, the account is unsuccessful as an account of knowledge.