bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATION OF ACTIVE SENSORS FOR GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE CHAPEL OF THE HOLY SHROUD
Authors: Barba S. , di Filippo A. , Limongiello M. , Messina B.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The digital acquisition of Cultural Heritage is a complex process, highly depending on the nature of the object as well as the purpose of its detection. Even if there are different survey techniques and sensors that allow the generation of realistic 3D models, defined by a good metric quality and a detail consistent with the geometric characteristics of the object, an interesting goal could be to develop a unified treatment of the methodologies. The Chapel of the Holy Shroud, with its intricate articulation, becomes the benchmark to test an integrated protocol between a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and a wearable mobile laser system (WMLS) based on a SLAM approach. In order to quantify the accuracy and precision of the latter solution, several forms of comparison are proposed. For the case study the ZEB-REVO, produced and marketed by GeoSLAM, is tested. Computations of cloud-to-cloud (C2C) absolute distances, comparisons of slices and extractions of planar features are performed, using stationary laser scanner (Faro FocusS S350) as a reference. Finally, the obtained results are reported, allowing us to assert that the quality of the WMLS measurements is compatible with the data provided by the manufacturer, thus making the instrumentation suitable for certain specific applications.
THE FARMHOUSES OF THE ROMAN COUNTRYSIDE: CENSUS AND CATALOG. THE CASE OF THE ESTATE OF FARNESIANA
Authors: Calisi D. , Zappa A.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Rome is one of the cities with the largest green areas in the world, spread in villas and estates, within the municipal territory. But there is also a landscape triangle that radially branches out from the historic center, including a variety of unique situations (archaeological, historical – social, settlement, agriculture ...) in the world: the Caffarella and aqueducts Park. Inside, the Farnesiana estate, Capo di Bove, it's a witness of a widespread degradation process in the Roman countryside, which requires a gradual procedure of knowledge, cataloguing, restoration and re-functioning of the historical heritage. In this regard, the research is part of a larger study project of the Department of Architecture of Roma Tre, concerning farmhouses of the Roman countryside that deal with worrying degradation conditions and which require imminent intervention.
THE CHURCH OF SANT'ANDREA IN BERGAMO: AN INTEGRATED SURVEY FOR KNOWLEDGE AND CONSERVATION
Authors: Cardaci A. , Mirabella-Roberti G. , Azzola P.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The church dedicated to Sant'Andrea (St. Andrew) in Porta Dipinta street in Bergamo city is a treasure that keep inside it a rich heritage of great historical and cultural value, both from the architectural and from the artistic point of view. Lacking of the façade (left unfinished), it is often neglected, despite being on the main road leading to the old town from Sant'Agostino Gate. The approach to an historical building like this requires a multi-disciplinary integration, in order to join the technical competence of engineering sciences to the sensitivity of human and fine arts sciences. For a better understanding of the structural performances of the building, historical research, measurement survey, material and decay condition study have to complement each other.
VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION IN BIM TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITAL INVENTORIES OF HERITAGE
Authors: Agustín L. , Quintilla M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The documentation of the architectural heritage requires the storage of large amounts of information that must be stored and processed in very different formats, since it comes from experts from different areas of knowledge. This heterogeneity of information makes communication difficult among professionals who participate in documentation work, such as restorers, architects, engineers, archaeologists or historians, with the transfer of information being one of the biggest problems to be solved, through the creation of a methodology that favors the diffusion and accessibility to the materials coming from the investigation. The aim of the study is to create a protocol or methodology, to create a graphic database that allows the inventory of the architectural heritage in Aragon. The solution implies the development of a geometric model that allows to include and relate information related to it. The format is a HBIM model capable of incorporating information on a stratified support, with visualization, documentation and management capabilities that allow a complete view of the building to be cataloged, incorporating useful information for its conservation, restoration, protection and dissemination, as well as interoperability between tools and other systems throughout the entire life cycle of the object. In this research, we will work with the virtual platform Petrobim, a tool composed of a database and a viewer, whose purpose is the management and query of information linked to a 3D model, throughout the entire cycle building life.
HERITAGE AT RISK IN BRAZIL: WHAT LESSONS CAN WE LEARN FROM THE REGENERATION OF ROYAL ARSENAL, EAST LONDON?
Authors: Citron R. S. , Talamini J. P.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. All over the world, historic building in city centres are being demolished to give way to new (and taller) developments. In most cases, there isn’t even any kind of documentation of the historic buildings before its demolition. This is a very usual phenomenon in Brazil, where building conservation is a recent subject and only a few architectural styles are considered heritage. This leaves a great number of buildings under no kind of protection, especially in smaller and non-touristic communities. These buildings are usually located in city centres, where taller (and more profitable) developments are encouraged, which puts heritage in even a higher risk of demolition. When historic city centres are regenerated, it usually results in gentrification, with the old housing being replaced by restaurants and shops for tourists. In the UK, in the other hand, heritage conservation has been discussed for many decades, resulting on a good number of heritage-led regeneration examples to be followed. Investments in the conservation of areas of historical interest have turned them into social, cultural and economic benefits. A big difference between the conservation practice in Brazil and in the UK is that in the last one and specially in London, where the demand for new homes grows every year, heritage buildings are usually converted into residential use. Besides, a much greater number of buildings are considered heritage since it's been agreed that the value of a building or an area should be attributed by the community that created it. During the process of adaptive reuse of the building, a accurate survey os required for the planning application, which helps documenting these buildings for future intervention. This paper analyses the regeneration process of Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, in East London and aims to demonstrate why Britain gets to develop and preserve at the same time while in Brazil we usually can only do one or the other. To get to this result, this paper will point out the main differences between the conservation and planning processes in both countries.
ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE RECOGNITION IN HISTORICAL FILM FOOTAGE USING NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Condorelli F. , Rinaudo F. , Salvadore F. , Tagliaventi S.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Researching historical archives for material suitable for photogrammetry is essential for the documentation and 3D reconstruction of Cultural Heritage, especially when this heritage has been lost or transformed over time. This research presents an innovative workflow which combines the photogrammetric procedure with Machine Learning for the processing of historical film footage. A Neural Network is trained to automatically detect frames in which architectural heritage appears. These frames are subsequently processed using photogrammetry and finally the resulting model is assessed for metric quality. This paper proposes best practises in training and validation on a Cultural Heritage asset. The algorithm was tested through a case study of the Tour Saint Jacques in Paris for which an entirely new dataset was created. The findings are encouraging both in terms of saving human effort and of improvement of the photogrammetric survey pipeline. This new tool can help researchers to better manage and organize historical information.
RESONATION OF THE VITRUVIUS'S MODULAR, SYSTEMATIC APPROACH WITH THE COMPUTATIONAL MINDSET OF THE DIGITAL AGE: 3D MODELING OF THE IONIAN TEMPLES OF AEGEAN TURKEY
Authors: Denker A.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Eight of the greatest Ionic temples of the ancient world were built on or near the Aegean coast of Turkey, from the dipteros of Chersiphron in Ephesos to the pseudo-dipteroi of Hermogenes in Teos and Magnesia. The temples were the epitome of elegance and splendour, difficult to surpass in terms of architectural achievement for a period of four centuries from 6th century to 2nd century BC which spans Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic eras. All of these edifices now lie in ruins. As various empires in the region rose and fell, the temples suffered looting and destruction. Nature also played a part with rivers inundating the temenoses and silting up the archaeological remains, and earthquakes toppling columns and reducing the cellas to rubble. Despite this catacylism, tens of hundreds of years after they were built, these marble buildings still tantalise the human imagination. The objective of this paper is to present a systematic and comprehensive treatise of the logical procedure of the 3D visualisation of these monuments of the ancient cities of classical antiquity. The virtual rediscovery and visual recovery can never replace or remedy the loss of the temples. It can, however, visually awaken the imagination and provide a hypothesised experience of the temples as well as restoring a sense of the architecture and the place.
FROM REALITY TO PARAMETRIC MODELS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSETS FOR HBIM
Authors: Diara F. , Rinaudo F.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The ability of managing big amounts of metric information coming from a LiDAR survey and the ability to reproduce high quality 3D models from them are still vivid problems to solve. Is it possible to create detailed models, geometrically and metrically correct, without using a large amount (often redundant) of metric data, such as massive point clouds? Obviously yes, but there are several ways to create a fitting 3D model for a specific research. A good solution is given by NURBS based algorithms that ensure high details of modelling. However, NURBS models can't be used directly on BIM platforms, because they need to be parametrized. In this sense, a parametric model is based on real measurements but each object could be interpreted and approximated based on objective and subjective (critic) view and also based on LODs (levels of detail or development) concerning a particular analysis. This kind of modelling of Cultural Heritage assets, fundamental for HBIM creation, need to be correctly planned especially for classification and definition of its historical features connected to an informative system, because nowadays information and then the semantic dimension are a necessary key points towards documentation analysis. Established this brief introduction, this schematic work will focus on the analysis of FreeCAD open BIM software and Rhinoceros as NURBS 3D modeller for Cultural Heritage is concerned, and whether and how they could integrate their tools for the purpose of managing dynamic high detailed data for the creation of an HBIM platform.
“CENTOCHIESE”: A HUNDRED CHURCHES IN ROME. AN ARCHIVAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROJECT
Authors: Fangi G. , Nardinocchi C. , Rubeca G.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Rome is the city where two different cultures have found their greatest architectural achievement, the Latin civilization and the Christian civilization. It is for this reason that in Rome there is the greatest concentration in the world of Roman buildings, monuments and Christian buildings and churches. Rome is the seat of the papacy; say the head of the Christian Church. Every religious order, every Christian nation has created its own headquarters in Rome, the most representative possible, as beautiful, magnificent as possible. The best artists, painters, sculptors, architects, have been called to Rome to create their masterpieces.This study describes the photogrammetric documentation of selected noteworthy churches in Rome. Spherical Photogrammetry is the technique used. The survey is limited to the facades only, being a very significant part of the monument and since no permission is necessary. In certain cases, also the church interior was documented. A total of 170 Churches were surveyed. The statistics that one can derive from such a large number is particularly meaningful. Rome is the ideal place to collect the largest possible number of such cases. This study was motivated by the desire to provide technicians, architects, engineers and students with a technique that is easy to use and accessible and to show the great potential of the used photogrammetric technique. This article is a prelude to a book where all the panoramas obtained will be presented and made available to a larger public. Guidelines and tools to plot the facades will also be made available.
PHYSICAL AND VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION FOR AN INTEGRATED ARCHAEOLOGICAL MODEL: 3D PRINT AND MAQUETTE
Authors: Fregonese L. , Giordani N. , Adami A. , Bachinsky G. , Taffurelli L. , Rosignoli O. , Helder J.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Museums perform various tasks such as collecting, cataloguing and preserving the cultural heritage (CH). In addition, they have an institutional task, which is to disseminate the heritage, discovering the most efficient tools to tell how a monument to the origin could have looked. In this process of knowledge and dissemination, digital technologies play an important role. In fact, they allow building a digital archive in which virtual copies of found objects are available to scholars for more or less in-depth analysis. Digital archives of this type also allow the dissemination of scientific data, constituting, if published, databases accessible everywhere. The role of the digital archive is also to preserve the characteristics of the finds, which are often already deteriorated, without worsening the situation through their continuous manipulation or movement. Of course, the construction of digital copies must be done in the most rigorous way so as to guarantee scholars the truthfulness of the data being analysed, and building procedures as standardized as possible to allow their use even by unskilled personnel. Moreover, museums have the very complex task of communicating the heritage, which envisages two steps: reconstruction and communication. The first phase, reconstruction, is a very complex operation, especially in the archaeological field, where there are few documents and the hypotheses are based on principles of similarity. Since no direct reference is available, the reconstruction takes place through comparison with similar objects from the same period, the same area and with the same function. Communication, then, has the task of disseminating the results and the hypotheses made, with the most appropriate tools. 3D printing allows to build three-dimensional models of reality, and therefore immediately comprehensible, even of complex forms, not always achievable with the traditional tools of modelling tools. This article describes this complex process, and its application to the funerary aediculae monument at the Museo Archeologico di Mantova, on the occasion of the refurbishment of the museum and its exhibits. In this experience, the use of new technologies is being investigated in combination with more traditional methods of representation, the maquette, but not less effective.
NEGRO TOWER: DOCUMENTATION, CONSERVATION, AND RESTORATION
Authors: García-León J. , Collado Espejo P. E. , Jiménez González F. J.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The Negro Tower or Arráez Tower, in El Algar (Cartagena, Spain), dates from 1585. This tower was part of an extensive network of watch and defense towers built along the coastline of Murcia between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It is an inland rural tower, in visual contact with the coastal towers. Its objective was to receive and transfer warnings from onshore towers to protect the population, especially farmers. The tower is protected as a monument but is currently in a dilapidated state of conservation. Therefore, this building has been chosen as the object of an integral study, which can serve as a reliable basis for its correct conservation and restoration. Through historical analysis, light has been shed upon the evolution of the Tower from the social, cultural, and architectural points of view. The graphic documentation has been made using digital photogrammetry and a 3D laser scanner, compatible with classical topography. Based on all this information, an integral project of consolidation and volumetric recomposition of the tower has been proposed. As a result of this research, we intend to contribute to the conservation and recovery of the heritage value of the Tower, as well as the integration of the historic monument in its natural environment.
A MULTIDISCIPLINARY DOCUMENTAL REPRESENTATION METHOD FOR KINETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ART
Authors: Gasparetto F. , Devecchi A. , Baratin L.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The contribution addresses the definition of a new collaborative documental method for designing and managing the different phases of conservation of kinetic-programmed art. Our approach consists of developing a new representative model that includes both mechanical parts and spatial characteristics. The research stems from a specific case-study, Ambiente – Strutturazione a parametri virtuali (1969) by Gabriele Devecchi, permanently displayed at Museo del '900 in Milan since 2010. Starting from the dimensional and technical data, we obtained a graphical model of lamps 2D and 3D. They were enriched by a detailed abacus describing all the elements and by specific maps capturing all the phases of regular and extraordinary maintenance underwent by the environment. The second part was carried out with a report about physical motion. The goal has been representing speed and geometry of the movement inside the space. By merging the first part of the documenting process and the second one we've got a graphic digital model including information about the individual parts of the installation and their mechanical interaction. The third and last step is ongoing and tackles the challenge of using virtual technologies for the description of the whole environment. Thanks to a collaboration between technicians and theoretic scholars, we attempted to match the study of the physical motion and all data about the structural parts with the careful consideration of historical-artistic and perception-related features. The work led to the conclusion that a virtual, immersive reproduction of the environment is not enough for deeply understanding the experience enjoyed by users inside it, because it misses the embodied perception activated by the artwork. For this reason, this study may be considered as a step in a broader research path about documentation of complex environmental, immersive, kinetic works of art.
DOCUMENTING HISTORICAL RESEARCH FOR A COLLECTION INFORMATION MODELLING. A PROPOSAL FOR A DIGITAL ASSET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Giovannini E. C. , Lo Turco M. , Mafrici N.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The paper describes part of the conceptual structure produced within the still ongoing project B.A.C.K. TO T.H.E. F.U.T.U.RE. (BIM Acquisition as Cultural Key TO Transfer Heritage of ancient Egypt For many Uses To many Users REplayed). The aim of the project was to use a semantic web infrastructure to describe archival research and tracking informations related to a hidden museum collection expedition models of Egyptian architecture partially stored in the depots of the Museo Egizio of Turin. The outcome will be an interactive web-presentation portal of high-resolution 3D models enriched by historical and archival set of content, from the digitization procedure applied to collection objects, to the digitization process of related data and information. The development of the collection documentation of the project illustrates how is crucial to declare the semantic description underlying narrative contents. Data about single collection objects were conceptually modelled using generalizable formulas already known by CIDOC-CRM community. The description of provenance of knowledge related to the historical investigation process was modelled using CRMinf extension, exploring the possibility of making beliefs based on the available documentation and validating the results of the assumptions made during the research.
3D INDOOR DOCUMENTATION OF THE WINTER GARDEN IN THE EARTHENWARE MUSEUM AT SARREGUEMINES (FRANCE)
Authors: Girardet V. , Grussenmeyer P. , Reis O. , Kieffer J. , Guillemin S. , Moisan E.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This paper presents the work accomplished in order to digitize and model the Winter Garden of the Earthenware Museum at Sarreguemines (Moselle, France). The objectives were to create a digital archive of this cultural heritage place and to find appropriate ways of promoting it. Topographic, photogrammetric and lasergrammetric methods were used to model the Winter Garden. Different virtual reality tools enabled us to spotlight some of its parts and to offer an immersive visualization. Several challenges had to be taken up during this project. We first had to find out the best processing workflow to model earthenware, which is a highly reflecting material. Image processing was also needed for aesthetic reasons and we finally had to find methods to reduce the size of the models.
A RISK BASED APPROACH TO HERITAGE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Jackson C. , Mofutsanyana L. , Mlungwana N.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The management of heritage resources within the South African context is governed by the National Heritage Resources Act, act 25 of 1999 (NHRA). This legislation calls for an integrated system of heritage management that allows for the good governance of heritage across the three tiers of government. The South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA), as the national body responsible for heritage management, is mandated to compile and maintain an inventory of the national estate. The South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS) was designed to facilitate this mandate as well as provide a management platform through which the three-tiers of governance can be integrated. This vision of integrated management is however predicated on the implementation of the three-tier system of heritage management, a system which to date has not been fully implemented, with financial and human resource constraints being present at all levels. In the absence of the full implementation of this system and the limited resources available to heritage authorities, we argue that a risk based approach to heritage management will allow under resourced heritage authorities in South Africa to prioritise management actions and ensure mitigations are in place for at risk heritage resources. The aim of this paper is to position the inventory of the national estate as the key driver in the production of risk analysis models for an informed approach to heritage management.
CLASSIFICATION OF OIL PAINTING USING MACHINE LEARNING WITH
VISUALIZED DEPTH INFORMATION
Authors: Kim J. , Jun J. Y. , Hong M. , Shim H. , Ahn J.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In the past few decades, a number of scholars studied painting classification based on image processing or computer vision technologies. Further, as the machine learning technology rapidly developed, painting classification using machine learning has been carried out. However, due to the lack of information about brushstrokes in the photograph, typical models cannot use more precise information of the painters painting style. We hypothesized that the visualized depth information of brushstroke is effective to improve the accuracy of the machine learning model for painting classification. This study proposes a new data utilization approach in machine learning with Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) images, which maximizes the visualization of a three-dimensional shape of brushstrokes. Certain artist’s unique brushstrokes can be revealed in RTI images, which are difficult to obtain with regular photographs. If these new types of images are applied as data to train in with the machine learning model, classification would be conducted including not only the shape of the color but also the depth information. We used the Convolution Neural Network (CNN), a model optimized for image classification, using the VGG-16, ResNet-50, and DenseNet-121 architectures. We conducted a two-stage experiment using the works of two Korean artists. In the first experiment, we obtained a key part of the painting from RTI data and photographic data. In the second experiment on the second artists work, a larger quantity of data are acquired, and the whole part of the artwork was captured. The result showed that RTI-trained model brought higher accuracy than Non-RTI trained model. In this paper, we propose a method which uses machine learning and RTI technology to analyze and classify paintings more precisely to verify our hypothesis.
POINT CLOUD SEGMENTATION AND FILTERING
TO VERIFY THE GEOMETRIC GENESIS OF SIMPLE AND COMPOSED VAULTS
Authors: Lanzara E. , Samper A. , Herrera B.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This research work proposes a methodology to statistically determine the geometric configuration of a masonry cross vault. Within Cultural Heritage it is possible to find architectural elements with absent or scarce historical sources about design approach or construction techniques. The cross vault case study belongs to a partially destroyed vaulted system distributed along the aisles of ancient Assunta’s Cathedral which is part of the Aragonese Castle on Ischia island, near Naples (Italy). Using photogrammetrical data acquisition, standard geometric analysis, numerical processes, computing and statistics this paper shows a method to objectively determine the geometric shape which best fits one of the existing Cathedral vault according to critical interpretation about stylistic and cultural contents linked to specific geographical and temporal contexts. This paper provides explanations, methods and objective calculation algorithms to find the best-fitting shape for a generic given point cloud and it is aimed at demonstrating the complementarity between descriptive geometry and algorithmic mathematical approaches. The final product of this multidisciplinary workflow is a 3D model deriving from the comparison between an ideal automatic model built thanks to the translation of traditional geometric rules in visual scripting language and an automatic model deriving from the mathematical analysis of survey data, curves and surface, of the architectural element. This experimentation generates 3D models to perform in-depth multidisciplinary tests and AR and VR applications to promote the communication of destroyed or inaccessible cultural heritage.
ARTALIVE: AN ANDROID APPLICATION FOR AUGMENTED REALITY WITHOUT MARKERS, BASED ON ANAMORPHIC IMAGES
Authors: Alvaro-Tordesillas A. , Crespo-Aller S. , Barba S.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The project that we present develops a mobile application (ArtAlive®) for the generation of augmented reality experiences on museum sculptural objects. The novelty of our application is that we eliminate the markers that other applications need to run. We do this turning the sculptures into their own markers, based on the recognition of anamorphic images of these sculptures: two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects. So we eliminate the intermediate elements of the process making the experience easier. The aim is to transform the experience of visiting a museum into a more interactive and intuitive experience. The possibility of accessing the information contained in the augmented reality experiences linked specifically to each work, from the comfort of the smartphone, gives the process greater accessibility and flexibility. The recognition of the objects is developed with Vuforia, an augmented reality software development kit (SDK) for mobile devices. ArtAlive® has been registered in the Spanish Intellectual Property Registry, and a possible business model has been defined in a very basic way.
DOCUMENTATION, ANALYSIS AND REPRESENTATION OF MODERNIST
HERITAGE THROUGH BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING
Authors: Maietti F. , Zattini A.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The paper is focused on research activities on documentation, analysis and representation of Modernist Heritage in Latin America. The research is part of a broad project developed by the Department of Architecture of the University of Ferrara following the main aim of documentation for knowledge, enhancement and preservation of cultural heritage. In addition to several on site projects developed in cooperation with local institutions, mainly in Brazil, and based on historical analysis, documentation, survey, modelling and diagnostic assessment, the research has then opened up to an in-depth study of Modernist architecture. The field of investigation has been extended to Latin America, through the analysis of the main architectures of the iconic figures of Modernism, in order to collect a database of models as support for different research avenues. The methodological process is based on the “survey of the project”, an analysis of documentation as the starting point for the representation in BIM environment from which to extract conventional representations and different levels of interpretation.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF 3D POINT CLOUD
Authors: Malinverni E. S. , Pierdicca R. , Paolanti M. , Martini M. , Morbidoni C. , Matrone F. , Lingua A.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Cultural Heritage is a testimony of past human activity, and, as such, its objects exhibit great variety in their nature, size and complexity; from small artefacts and museum items to cultural landscapes, from historical building and ancient monuments to city centers and archaeological sites. Cultural Heritage around the globe suffers from wars, natural disasters and human negligence. The importance of digital documentation is well recognized and there is an increasing pressure to document our heritage both nationally and internationally. For this reason, the three-dimensional scanning and modeling of sites and artifacts of cultural heritage have remarkably increased in recent years. The semantic segmentation of point clouds is an essential step of the entire pipeline; in fact, it allows to decompose complex architectures in single elements, which are then enriched with meaningful information within Building Information Modelling software. Notwithstanding, this step is very time consuming and completely entrusted on the manual work of domain experts, far from being automatized. This work describes a method to label and cluster automatically a point cloud based on a supervised Deep Learning approach, using a state-of-the-art Neural Network called PointNet++. Despite other methods are known, we have choose PointNet++ as it reached significant results for classifying and segmenting 3D point clouds. PointNet++ has been tested and improved, by training the network with annotated point clouds coming from a real survey and to evaluate how performance changes according to the input training data. It can result of great interest for the research community dealing with the point cloud semantic segmentation, since it makes public a labelled dataset of CH elements for further tests.
AUTOMATING PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR THE 3D DIGITISATION OF SMALL ARTEFACT COLLECTIONS
Authors: Marshall M. E. , Johnson A. A. , Summerskill S. J. , Baird Q. , Esteban E.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The 3D digitisation of precious or delicate cultural heritage artefacts via photogrammetry is highly important for historical preservation purposes. Doing so can help mitigate against events such as natural disasters, war, and tourism damage, whilst enabling access to 3D data for researchers around the globe. While the digitisation of such artefacts offer many significant societal and academic benefits, the process in which data is captured is resource intensive and often results in inaccurate outcomes. This paper presents a novel small object scanner which automates the photogrammetry image acquisition process for the highly detailed and efficient 3D digitisation of cultural heritage artefacts across large museum collections.
ARCHITECTURE RECOGNITION BY MEANS OF CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Andrianaivo L. N. , D'Autilia R. , Palma V.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The use of mobile computing technologies can change the experience of visiting cultural sites by making vast digital heritage collections accessible on site. The spread of machine learning technologies on mobile devices is encouraging the interaction of artificial intelligence with the shape of the built environment. However, while some research already applies deep learning image recognition in an urban context, the literature on how to develop effective neural networks to detect architectural features is still limited, as well as the availability of architecture-related datasets. This work presents the steps and results of the prototype development of a mobile app to perform monument recognition using convolutional neural networks. The tool allows users to interact with the physical space and access a digital archive of texts, models, images and other data.
DIGITAL CULTURAL HERITAGE MEETS DIGITAL HUMANITIES
Authors: Münster S. , Apollonio F. I. , Bell P. , Kuroczynski P. , Di Lenardo I. , Rinaudo F. , Tamborrino R.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Digital Cultural Heritage and Digital Humanities are, historically seen, in focus of different communities as well as approaching different research topics and - from an organizational point of view - departments. However, are they that different? The idea of this joint article involving digital humanists and heritage researchers is to examine communities, concepts and research applications as well as shared challenges. Beyond a collection of problem-centred essays this is intended to initiate a fruitful discussion about commonalities and differences between both scholarly fields as well as to assess to which extent they are two sides of the same medal.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR QUICK SURVEY IN EMERGENCY CONDITIONS:
THE CASE OF VILLA GALVAGNINA
Authors: Nannei V.M. , Fassi F. , Mirabella Roberti G.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Photogrammetry is a survey method that provides good quality results also by using basic photographic equipment and user-friendly, low-cost software. The advantages of the image-based modelling techniques compared with the traditional topographic tools are very significant in emergencies, when the time for the survey is limited and many buildings are involved, as usually happens in case of relevant seismic events. The goal of this study is to verify the quality of the models obtained from quick digital images acquisition, carried out under non-optimal lighting condition and no accessibility of the building. As case of study was chosen the main front of Villa Galvagnina in Moglia, a Renaissance hunting palace badly damaged by the earthquake of May 20, 2012. The modelling was performed using two different software, Agisoft Metashape and 3DFlow Zephyr. This paper presents a comparison between the results obtained using different datasets; the workflow, the difficulties encountered during the survey and the data processing methods are fully described and discussed.
UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF DOCUMENTATION DETAIL ON DIAGNOSTICS
OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Napolitano R. K. , Hess M. , Glisic B.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Before reinforcements or new construction are added to historic structures, it is important to understand how the existing damage could have arisen. Often to do this, documentation methods such as laser scanning and photogrammetry are used to capture the existing conditions and physics-based models are used to simulate the response of a facsimile structure to various responses. Something that varies quite a bit though is the level of detail used to capture the existing conditions as well as the level of detail used to represent the structure during physics-based modelling. This paper aims to understand the effects of documentation detail on diagnostics of historic structures. To do this, two masonry structures were documented with laser scanners, photographs, and thermal images. For each case study, three-dimensional models of varying fidelity were generated based on the results of simulation. The response of these models to loading conditions was then calculated using a physics-based modelling technique called finite-distinct element modelling. The results for each case study are compared to understand the impacts of geometry on diagnostics; discussion about future tools to augment current practices is included.
STORING AN OVERSIZED MUSEU DE LISBOA TEXTILE BANNER COLLECTION
Authors: A. P. Nunes
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In 1947 Lisbon held the "Cortejo Histórico de Lisboa", a parade belonging to the “VII Centenary of the Reconquest of Lisbon to the Moors” celebrations. For the accomplishment of this parade, hundreds of scenic objects and accessories were created and three thousand extras and actors participated. Museu de Lisboa has in its collection a significant set of these objects, with highlight to the seventeen-banner collection. These banners that since 1947 were kept in different warehouses, were transferred in 2008 to the Museu de Lisboa Central Storage Unit textile room. The large dimensions of these objects were the main preventive conservation issue the Museum had to solve, regarding the way of storing the collection. In 2018 the Museum designed a project for the vertical storage of these banners. Due to its enormous size (being the biggest 315 cm height and 212 cm width) it was impossible for the museum to store these objects in flat format. The alternative was designed and executed using Tycore® boards as backing panel, hinged with acid-free buffered paper sheets and then glued together into one large piece with the same size as each banner. The banners with textile strip extensions were mounted onto the panels and stored vertically on metallic grids used for the storage of the Museum painting art collection. Treatments such as dust cleaning, tear consolidation and stain removal were carried out to stabilize the banners prior to the mounting on the boards. This paper describes some of the steps of this eight-month project, involving six people.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY AS A PARTICIPATORY RECOVERY TOOL AFTER DISASTERS: A GROUNDED FRAMEWORK FOR FUTURE GUIDELINES
Authors: Pezzica C. , Piemonte A. , Bleil de Souza C. , Cutini V.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This paper identifies the application domain, context of use, processes and goals of low-cost street-level photogrammetry after urban disasters. The proposal seeks a synergy between top-down and bottom-up initiatives carried out by different actors during the humanitarian response phase in data scarce contexts. By focusing on the self-organisation capacities of local people, this paper suggests using collaborative photogrammetry to empower communities hit by disasters and foster their active participation in recovery and reconstruction planning. It shows that this task may prove technically challenging depending on the specifics of the collected imagery and develops a grounded framework to produce user-centred image acquisition guidelines and fit-for-purpose photogrammetric reconstruction workflows, useful in future post-disaster scenarios. To this end, it presents an in-depth analysis of a collaborative photographic mapping initiative undergone by a group of citizen-scientists after the 2016 Central Italy earthquake, followed by the explorative processing of some sample datasets. Specifically, the paper firstly presents a visual ethnographic study of the photographic material uploaded by participants from September 2016 to November 2018 in the two Italian municipalities of Arquata del Tronto and Norcia. Secondly, it illustrates from a technical point of view issues concerning the processing of crowdsourced data (e.g. image filtering, selection, quality, semantic content and 3D model scaling) and discusses the viability of using it to enrich the pool of geo-information available to stakeholders and decision-makers. Final considerations are discussed as part of a grounded framework for future guidelines tailored to multiple goals and data processing scenarios.
DIGITAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN CUENCA
- ECUADOR
Authors: Preti P. , Tituana K. , Carvallo J. , Heras V.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In the city of Cuenca in the south of Ecuador, analogous documentation techniques continue to be the unique registration mechanism for built heritage. The heritage characteristics of modern architecture in Cuenca are not well known, therefore the documentation activities are still based on paper fiches that gather basic data, without the possibility to update or monitor those records. In addition, this type of heritage, is underestimated, not disseminated and devalued by public institutions, owners and by local citizens, who do not find heritage attributes in these buildings. Consequently, this research used technological documentation techniques and tools for the identification, conservation and safeguarding of modern heritage in the city of Cuenca, aiming to raise awareness about modern heritage. With the evaluation of the existing records, this research aspires to validate the digital documentation tools for modern architecture as a first step to its recognition and valorization. Thus, scanner laser, photogrammetry and rectified photography, were used and compared to verify the adaptability of the documentation fields content to modern architecture and the opportunities that the results grants to promote its preservation and management over time.
NEW REALITIES FOR CANADA’S PARLIAMENT:
A WORKFLOW FOR PREPARING HERITAGE BIM FOR GAME ENGINES AND VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Pybus C. , Graham K. , Doherty J. , Arellano N. , Fai S.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. With a growing interest in the use of virtual reality (VR) for dissemination of cultural heritage sites, the question of how to leverage existing documentation as content for virtual experiences becomes a potentially valuable opportunity. Notably, as sites are increasingly documented with building information modelling (BIM) for the purposes of conservation, there is potential to give these models a second life as content for public education and promotion. However, although software exist for viewing BIM in VR headsets, they are inadequate for complex models typical of heritage buildings, and lack functionality for integrating custom didactic content and storytelling. To make BIM performative in VR and allow for custom content, a workflow was developed to translate BIM into game engine scenes — which optimizes geometry following performance guidelines of VR while maintaining the high visual fidelity of the BIM. As a case study, six heritage spaces of the Centre Block of the Canadian Parliament which had been previously documented and modelled by CIMS were prepared for Unity3D, enabling their later use in a storytelling experience.
MANAGEMENT PROCESSES RECONSTRUCTION OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS
SUPPORTED BY SMART TECHNOLOGY – A CASE STUDY OF FUZHOU CITY
Authors: Qu W. , Li M. J. , Zhang X. Q. , Wang Z.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This research is based on the projects that Fuzhou has carried out and in developing, regarding to historical building survey, registration, documentation, publication, construction, and daily management business. It integrates smart technologies such as geographic information technology and visualization technology to develop a historical building conservation management database and Fuzhou historical building conservation planning management system. The construction of Fuzhou historical building conservation planning management system, promoted the reconstruction of historical building management processes, achieved efficient and advanced administrative management, achieved scientific and intelligent conservation of historical buildings, and improved the conservation and management of Fuzhou historical buildings in the field of technology level.
COMPREHENSIVE DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION AND PRELIMINARY STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT OF SATUNSAT: A UNIQUE MAYA ARCHITECTURAL LABYRINTH AT OXKINTOK, YUCATAN, MEXICO
Authors: Rissolo D. , Hess M. R. , Huchim Herrera J. , Lo E. , Petrovic V. , Amador F. E. , Kuester F.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Located in the Puuc region of Yucatan, Mexico, the Labyrinth of Oxkintok, also known as Satunsat, is one of the most enigmatic ancient structures in the northern Maya lowlands. Inside this otherwise unremarkable terraced building platform is a series of interconnected vaulted passageways and horizontal ducts that spans three levels. In 2016, we conducted a comprehensive digital documentation of the exterior and interior surfaces and spaces of Satunsat via terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry. The result is a fused, geometrically accurate, full coverage model with exceptional color and texture fidelity. These data enabled a preliminary structural health assessment and evaluation of the varied masonry techniques employed in the construction of Satunsat and can inform future studies related to the structure’s function and meaning.
ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF VIEWS UNDER THE CONSIDERATIONS OF
HISTORICAL URBAN LANDSCAPE (HUL). CASE STUDY CUENCA, ECUADOR
Authors: Rodas C. , Vintimilla S. , Astudillo S.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The cities have developed over time responding to various urban dynamics, in this process have been configured representative images, product of the synergy created between the natural elements of the environment and those built by the communities. The analysis of visuals, materializes a landscape value, not evidenced at the time of planning and design projects for cities with value surroundings; you can take as an example those good practices that other countries have implemented to assess, preserve and protect views such as English Heritage (2011), London View Management Framework (2012) or View Protection Guidelines of the city of Vancouver (2011). The methodological analyzes the view in two stages: the first one strategic points of observation and view basins are identified and described as element integrators – what is seen, and through citizen participation accepts or does not accept the evaluation criteria; in the second, the view is evaluated through the relationship between quality and incidence, giving it an assessment of how fragile it is. The application of the methodology in the area known as El Ejido in the city of Cuenca – Ecuador, has resulted in a total of twentyeight visuals considered relevant. Nine of them, have been analyzed completely, evidencing that there is a view quality very High / High; nevertheless, they are affected by urban actions that generate that the incidence is High and therefore the fragility and vulnerability is greater.