bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antisolvent diffusion-induced growth, equilibrium behaviours in aqueous solution and optical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Zhou Huawei , Nie Zhonghao , Yin Jie , Sun Yuanwei , Zhuo Hongyan , Wang Daqi , Li Dacheng , Dou Jianmin , Zhang Xianxi , Ma Tingli
Published: September 2015

Antisolvent diffusion-induced growth, equilibrium behaviours in aqueous solution and optical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals.
Copper-catalysed cross-coupling affected by the Smiles rearrangement: a new chapter on diversifying the synthesis of chiral fluorinated 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives
Authors: Alapour Saba , Ramjugernath Deresh , Koorbanally Neil A.
Published: September 2015

Synthesis of novel derivatives of fluorinated benzoxazines was achieved through the Smiles rearrangement. Thegaucheconformation of selected precursors enabled the reaction to occur at room temperature at yields of 90%.
Multi-nanoparticle model simulations of the porosity effect on sintering processes in Ni/YSZ and Ni/ScSZ by the molecular dynamics method
Authors: Xu Jingxiang , Bai Shandan , Higuchi Yuji , Ozawa Nobuki , Sato Kazuhisa , Hashida Toshiyuki , Kubo Momoji
Published: September 2015

The effects of the ceramic type and porosity on the sintering and degradation in Ni/YSZ and Ni/ScSZ anodes are unveiled by a recently developed multi-nanoparticle sintering simulation method based on molecular dynamics simulation.
Instant detection of picric acid vapour by developing layer by layer polymer detectors and an electronic prototype
Authors: Gogoi Bedanta , Paul Niloy , Chowdhury Devasish , Sarma Neelotpal Sen
Published: September 2015

Layer by layer polymer detectors and an electronic prototype were efficiently used in sensing picric acid vapour via impedance measurements.
Calcium and lithium ion production for laser ion source
Authors: Okamura M. , Palm K. , Stifler C. , Steski D. , Ikeda S. , Kumaki M. , Kanesue T.
Published: September 2015

Calcium and lithium ion beams are required by NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory to simulate the effects of cosmic radiation. To identify the difficulties in providing such highly reactive materials as laser targets, both species were experimentally tested. Plate shaped lithium and calcium targets were fabricated to create ablation plasmas with a 6 ns 1064 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser. We found significant oxygen contamination in both the Ca and Li high charge state beams due to the rapid oxidation of the surfaces. A large spot size, low power density laser was used to create low charge state beams without scanning the targets. The low charge state Ca beam did not have any apparent oxygen contamination, showing the potential to clean the target entirely of oxide with a low power beam once in the chamber. The Li target was clearly still oxidizing in the chamber after each low power shot. To measure the rate of oxidation, we shot the low power laser at the target repeatedly at 10 s, 30 s, 60 s, and 120 s interval lengths, showing a linear relation between the interval time and the amount of oxygen in the beam.
Observation and deperturbation of near-dissociation ro-vibrational structure of the Cs2 state u+ (A1Σu+∼b3Π+u) at the asymptote 6S1/2 + 6P1/2
Authors: Liu Wenliang , Xu Rundong , Wu Jizhou , Yang Jinxin , Lukashov Sergey S. , Sovkov Vladimir B. , Dai Xingcan , Ma Jie , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: September 2015

New ro-vibrational structures of cold Cs2 in the 0u+ state near the asymptote 6S1/2 + 6P1/2 are resolved. The variation of the rotational constants shows that the related energy spectra are strongly perturbed. An analysis of new data along with the empirical and theoretical information available from other sources is performed. For this purpose the model of spin-orbit coupling of the Hund’s case (a) states A1Σu+∼b3Πu proposed by Bai et al. [Phys. Rev. A 83, 032514 (2011)] is extrapolated to the dissociation limit, and the parameters of the extrapolation are fitted from the near-dissociation experimental data.
A coherent population trapping Cs vapor cell atomic clock based on push-pull optical pumping
Authors: Abdel Hafiz Moustafa , Boudot Rodolphe
Published: September 2015

This article reports on the characterization of a compact coherent-population-trapping (CPT) Cs vapor cell atomic clock using the push-pull optical pumping technique. This method allows to detect high-contrast CPT resonances on the 0-0 magnetic-field insensitive clock transition. The clock short-term fractional frequency stability is measured to be 3×10−13 τ−1/2 up to 100 s averaging time, in correct agreement with the signal-to-noise ratio limit. These results are among the best performances ever reported for a CPT-based clock. The noise budget is detailed. A preliminary study is reported to evaluate limitations to the clock mid-term frequency stability. The clock performances are found to be presently mainly limited in the mid-term by laser power effects.
Sustained magnetization oscillations in polyaniline-Fe3O4 nanocomposites
Authors: de Araújo A. C. V. , Rodrigues A. R. , de Azevedo W. M. , Machado F. L. A. , Rezende S. M.
Published: September 2015

We report experiments with polyaniline-Fe3O4 (PANI-Fe3O4) nanocomposites synthesized under several different conditions. With a reaction carried out at room temperature and assisted by intense ultra-violet (UV) irradiation, we observe sustained oscillations in the magnetization with a period of about 25 min. The oscillations are interpreted as the result of an oscillatory chemical reaction in which part of the Fe+2 ions of magnetite, Fe3O4, are oxidized by the UV irradiation to form Fe+3 so that a fraction of the magnetite content transforms into maghemite, γ-Fe2O3. Then, Fe+3 ions at the nanoparticle surfaces are reduced and transformed back into Fe+2, when acting as an oxidizing agent for polyaniline in the polymerization process. Since maghemite has smaller magnetization than magnetite, the oscillating chemical reaction results in the oscillatory magnetization. The observations are interpreted with the Lotka-Volterra nonlinear coupled equations with parameters that can be adjusted to fit very well the experimental data.
Communication: Spectroscopic observation of the O-bonded T-shaped isomer of the CO-CO2 dimer and two of its intermolecular frequencies
Authors: Sheybani-Deloui S. , Barclay A. J. , Michaelian K. H. , McKellar A. R. W. , Moazzen-Ahmadi N.
Published: September 2015

Infrared spectra in the carbon monoxide CO stretch region (≈2150 cm−1) are assigned to the previously unobserved O-bonded form of the CO2-CO dimer (“isomer 2”), which has a planar T-shaped structure like that of the previously observed C-bonded form (“isomer 1”), but with the CO rotated by 180°. The effective center of mass intermolecular distances are 3.58 Å for isomer 2 as compared to 3.91 Å for isomer 1. In addition to the fundamental band, two combination bands are observed for isomer 2, yielding values for two intermolecular vibrational modes: 14.19 cm−1 for the in-plane CO bend and 22.68 cm−1 for the out-of-plane bend.
Multicolor and near-infrared electroluminescence from the light-emitting devices with rare-earth doped TiO2 films
Authors: Zhu Chen , Lv Chunyan , Gao Zhifei , Wang Canxing , Li Dongsheng , Ma Xiangyang , Yang Deren
Published: September 2015

We report on multicolor and near-infrared electroluminescence (EL) from the devices using rare-earth doped TiO2 (TiO2:RE) films as light-emitting layers, which are ascribed to the impact excitation of RE3+ ions, with the EL onset voltages below 10 V. The devices are in the structure of ITO/TiO2:RE/SiO2/Si, in which the SiO2 layer is ∼10 nm thick and RE includes Eu, Er, Tm, Nd, and so on. With sufficiently high positive voltage applied on the ITO electrode, the conduction electrons in Si can tunnel into the conduction band of SiO2 layer via the trap-assisted tunneling mechanism, gaining the potential energy ∼4 eV higher than the conduction band edge of TiO2. Therefore, as the electrons in the SiO2 layer drift into the TiO2:RE layer, they become hot electrons. Such hot electrons impact-excite the RE3+ ions incorporated into the TiO2 host, leading to the characteristic emissions.
Hospital-based education support for students with chronic health conditions
Authors: Hopkins Liza J.
Published: September 2015

Objective
To examine the evidence for best practice in educational support to hospitalised students and describe the existing supports available across each Australian state and territory.

Methods
A descriptive approach to the diversity of current practice and a review of the published evidence for best practice.

Results
We have constructed a model of best-practice in education support to hospitalised students. We found that education support services in each state met some of the criteria for best practice, but no one state service met all of the criteria.

Conclusions
All Australian states and territories make provision for hospitalised students to continue with their education, however the services in some states are closer to the best-practice model than others.

What is known about the topic?
It is well known that children and young people living with health conditions are at higher risk of educational underachievement and premature disengagement from school than their healthy peers. Although each state and territory across Australia offers some form of educational support to students during periods of hospitalisation, this support differs widely in each jurisdiction in fundamentals such as which students are eligible for support, where the support is delivered, how it is delivered and who coordinates the support. Published evidence in the literature suggests that the elements of good practice in education support have been well identified but, in practice, lack of policy direction can hinder the implementation of coordinated support.

What does this paper add?
This paper draws together the different models in place to support students in hospital in each state and territory and identifies the common issues that are faced by hospital education support services, as well as identifying areas where practice differs across settings. It also identifies the elements of good practice from the literature and links the elements of theory and practice to present a model of education support that addresses the needs of students with health conditions in an integrated and child-centred way.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Education support has developed over many decades in a variety of different forms across the states and territories of Australia. This paper brings together for the first time the published evidence for good practice in this area with existing models of practice to identify ways in which both healthcare professionals and education professionals can work together to improve the health, well being and education of children and young people living with health conditions.
Fullerene–Pyrrolidine Biferrocene Donor–Acceptor Triads: Synthesis and Effects of Fullerene[60] on the Electronic Communication of the Two Ferrocene Units in Biferrocene
Authors: Wu Zhenyi , Jiang Mian
Published: September 2015

A novel nanoscale molecule, fullerene[60]-based biferrocene (C60-ph-Fc-Fc), was prepared via covalent grafting of biferrocene onto C60 using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and was fully characterized by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that C60-ph-Fc-Fc undergoes four successive quasi-reversible processes in the potential window of –2.0~0.40 V (versus Fc+/Fc). The biferrocene (moiety) exhibited significant electronic communication between the two ferrocenyl groups both before and after grafting onto C60. Grafting of fullerene led to weakening in the electronic interaction, and the comproportionation constant decreased by nearly five orders of magnitude from 1.56 × 106 for Fc-Fc to 88 for C60-ph-Fc-Fc, indicating that the electronic communication between halves of the biferrocene could be effectively modified by grafting of C60. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility (2–300 K) study showed that there was a strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the ferrocene FeII centres.
Geographic distribution of the short-tailed river stingray (Potamotrygon brachyura): assessing habitat loss and fishing as threats to the world’s largest obligate freshwater elasmobranch
Authors: Lucifora Luis O. , Barbini Santiago A. , Vegh Sabina Llamazares , Scarabotti Pablo A. , Vargas Facundo , Solari Agustín , Mabragaña Ezequiel , Díaz de Astarloa Juan M.
Published: September 2015

Freshwater elasmobranchs are threatened but little is known about them. Potamotrygon brachyura is the world’s largest obligate freshwater elasmobranch. This makes it popular among fishermen and suggests a susceptibility to anthropogenic threats. We collected records of P. brachyura (n=70) from media, fishermen and scientific sampling, to estimate its global geographic distribution (using both generalised additive and MaxLike models). Then, we estimated the species’ exposure to habitat modification and fishing pressure, by applying multinomial ordinal models with threat levels as response and the presence or absence of P. brachyura as an independent variable. Distance to coast, depth, water temperature range, salinity range and mean water temperature were the main determinants of the distribution in the Río de la Plata. This resulted in a narrow coastal distribution. In the Uruguay and Paraná River basins, the probability of occurrence was positively associated with flow accumulation, percentage of open water and submerged vegetation, and lowland ecoregions, and negatively to wetness index and altitude. This limited the distribution to large lowland rivers. Approximately 41% of the range of P. brachyura in the Río de la Plata was subject to high habitat modification. In the Uruguay and Paraná River basins, this percentage reached 7%; however, the overlap with high fishing pressure was 59%. For conservation purposes, P. brachyura may function as an umbrella species.
Cost-effectiveness of a bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination program in Japan
Authors: Connelly Luke B. , Le Ha N. D.
Published: September 2015

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and their widespread adoption have the potential to relieve a large part of the burden of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality, particularly in countries that have low screening rates or, like Japan, lack a cohesive universal screening program. An economic evaluation was conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness of introducing a bivalent HPV vaccination program in Japan from a healthcare perspective. Methods: A Markov model of the natural history of HPV infection that incorporates both vaccination and screening was developed for Japan. The modelled intervention, a bivalent HPV vaccine with a 100% lifetime vaccine efficacy and 80% vaccine coverage, given to a cohort of 12-year-old Japanese girls in conjunction with the current screening program, was compared with screening alone in terms of costs and effectiveness. A discount rate of 5% was applied to both costs and utilities where relevant. Results: Vaccination alongside screening compared with screening alone is associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$20 315 per quality-adjusted-life-year gained if 80% coverage is assumed. The ICER at 5% coverage with the vaccine plus screening, compared with screening alone, is US$1158. Conclusion: The cost-effectiveness results suggest that the addition of a HPV vaccination program to Japan’s cervical cancer screening program is highly likely to prove a cost-effective way to reduce the burden of cervical cancer, precancerous lesions and HPV16/18-related diseases.
Young people from culturally diverse backgrounds and their use of services for sexual and reproductive health needs: a structured scoping review
Authors: Botfield Jessica R. , Newman Christy E. , Zwi Anthony B.
Published: September 2015

Sexual and reproductive health needs are global health, development and human rights priorities, essential to the wellbeing of individuals, couples and families. Despite widespread recognition of this, young people, including those from culturally diverse backgrounds in wealthy nations such as Australia, remain largely hidden to, and underserved by, sexual and reproductive healthcare services. A scoping review was undertaken to describe the range of research on sexual and reproductive health among culturally diverse young people in Australia, in order to identify gaps in the literature. This comprised a systematic literature search and key informant consultations, followed by descriptive thematic analysis of the included literature. One hundred and twenty papers were deemed eligible for inclusion, and findings are presented as three separate analyses. The first provides an overview of four dimensions identified in the literature: (i) cultural diversity; (ii) the resettlement experiences of migrant communities; (iii) the sexual and reproductive health needs of these communities; and (iv) the practices of health services in this field. The second explores what is known from the literature about culturally diverse young people’s needs for, use of, and engagement with services for sexual and reproductive health, while the third identifies two knowledge gaps: (1) the perspectives of culturally diverse young people regarding sexual and reproductive health and health care; and (2) the engagement of culturally diverse young people with sexual and reproductive health services. New directions for a research agenda on sexual and reproductive health care for culturally diverse young people in Australia are proposed, based on the identified knowledge gaps.
Shared reading at kindergarten
Authors: Gosen Myrte N. , Berenst Jan , de Glopper Kees
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a single case-study of a longitudinal shared reading programme that took place in Dutch kindergartens with first language speakers of 4 to 6 years old. As will be shown, children participate both in a traditional instructional structure and in a participation framework characterised by a more or less free discussion. These structures establish an optimal learning environment both together and in relationship to each other. Our case study demonstrates how the teacher and the pupils participate in these successive frameworks and how this supports the construction of conceptual knowledge. It will be shown that participation during shared reading of picture books at kindergarten is directly linked to interactional learning opportunities.
Formality strategies in Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Chappell Whitney
Published: September 2015

Nicaraguan Spanish is characterized by the reduction of coda /s/ to glottal frication, elision, and glottal constriction, but the latter variant has never been explored in depth. The present study fills this void by analyzing the word-final, intervocalic /s/ environment in sociolinguistic interviews, reading tasks, and image identification tasks conducted with 36 Nicaraguans with the goal of detailing the social patterning of glottal constriction. I find that glottal constriction patterns like sibilance, a hyperarticulated variant, and a statistical analysis reveals two distinct hyperarticulation strategies in formal tasks based on age and education. Given their differing responses to formality, I propose that more educated and younger speakers with more exposure to prescriptive norms apply sibilance, a global hyperarticulation strategy, to signal their education and power on an international scale, while less educated and older speakers utilize glottal constriction to construct an identity associated with regional articulateness.
ATP8B1-mediated spatial organization of Cdc42 signaling maintains singularity during enterocyte polarization
Authors: Bruurs Lucas J.M. , Donker Lisa , Zwakenberg Susan , Zwartkruis Fried J. , Begthel Harry , Knisely A.S. , Posthuma George , van de Graaf Stan F.J. , Paulusma Coen C. , Bos Johannes L.
Published: September 2015

During yeast cell polarization localization of the small GTPase, cell division control protein 42 homologue (Cdc42) is clustered to ensure the formation of a single bud. Here we show that the disease-associated flippase ATPase class I type 8b member 1 (ATP8B1) enables Cdc42 clustering during enterocyte polarization. Loss of this regulation results in increased apical membrane size with scattered apical recycling endosomes and permits the formation of more than one apical domain, resembling the singularity defect observed in yeast. Mechanistically, we show that to become apically clustered, Cdc42 requires the interaction between its polybasic region and negatively charged membrane lipids provided by ATP8B1. Disturbing this interaction, either by ATP8B1 depletion or by introduction of a Cdc42 mutant defective in lipid binding, increases Cdc42 mobility and results in apical membrane enlargement. Re-establishing Cdc42 clustering, by tethering it to the apical membrane or lowering its diffusion, restores normal apical membrane size in ATP8B1-depleted cells. We therefore conclude that singularity regulation by Cdc42 is conserved between yeast and human and that this regulation is required to maintain healthy tissue architecture.
Nihal Altan-Bonnet: Tracking viruses that hijack membranes
Authors: Powell Kendall
Published: September 2015

Altan-Bonnet explores where membrane traffic meets health.
Diffusion of myosin light chain kinase on actin: A mechanism to enhance myosin phosphorylation rates in smooth muscle
Authors: Hong Feng , Brizendine Richard K. , Carter Michael S. , Alcala Diego B. , Brown Avery E. , Chattin Amy M. , Haldeman Brian D. , Walsh Michael P. , Facemyer Kevin C. , Baker Josh E. , Cremo Christine R.
Published: September 2015

Smooth muscle myosin (SMM) light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylates SMM, thereby activating the ATPase activity required for muscle contraction. The abundance of active MLCK, which is tightly associated with the contractile apparatus, is low relative to that of SMM. SMM phosphorylation is rapid despite the low ratio of MLCK to SMM, raising the question of how one MLCK rapidly phosphorylates many SMM molecules. We used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to monitor single molecules of streptavidin-coated quantum dot–labeled MLCK interacting with purified actin, actin bundles, and stress fibers of smooth muscle cells. Surprisingly, MLCK and the N-terminal 75 residues of MLCK (N75) moved on actin bundles and stress fibers of smooth muscle cell cytoskeletons by a random one-dimensional (1-D) diffusion mechanism. Although diffusion of proteins along microtubules and oligonucleotides has been observed previously, this is the first characterization to our knowledge of a protein diffusing in a sustained manner along actin. By measuring the frequency of motion, we found that MLCK motion is permitted only if acto–myosin and MLCK–myosin interactions are weak. From these data, diffusion coefficients, and other kinetic and geometric considerations relating to the contractile apparatus, we suggest that 1-D diffusion of MLCK along actin (a) ensures that diffusion is not rate limiting for phosphorylation, (b) allows MLCK to locate to areas in which myosin is not yet phosphorylated, and (c) allows MLCK to avoid getting “stuck” on myosins that have already been phosphorylated. Diffusion of MLCK along actin filaments may be an important mechanism for enhancing the rate of SMM phosphorylation in smooth muscle.
JBASE: Joint Bayesian Analysis of Subphenotypes and Epistasis
Authors: Colak Recep , Kim TaeHyung , Kazan Hilal , Oh Yoomi , Cruz Miguel , Valladares-Salgado Adan , Peralta Jesus , Escobedo Jorge , Parra Esteban J. , Kim Philip M. , Goldenberg Anna
Published: September 2015

Motivation: Rapid advances in genotyping and genome-wide association studies have enabled the discovery of many new genotype–phenotype associations at the resolution of individual markers. However, these associations explain only a small proportion of theoretically estimated heritability of most diseases. In this work, we propose an integrative mixture model called JBASE: joint Bayesian analysis of subphenotypes and epistasis. JBASE explores two major reasons of missing heritability: interactions between genetic variants, a phenomenon known as epistasis and phenotypic heterogeneity, addressed via subphenotyping.

Results: Our extensive simulations in a wide range of scenarios repeatedly demonstrate that JBASE can identify true underlying subphenotypes, including their associated variants and their interactions, with high precision. In the presence of phenotypic heterogeneity, JBASE has higher Power and lower Type 1 Error than five state-of-the-art approaches. We applied our method to a sample of individuals from Mexico with Type 2 diabetes and discovered two novel epistatic modules, including two loci each, that define two subphenotypes characterized by differences in body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. We successfully replicated these subphenotypes and epistatic modules in an independent dataset from Mexico genotyped with a different platform.

Availability and implementation: JBASE is implemented in C++, supported on Linux and is available at http://www.cs.toronto.edu/∼goldenberg/JBASE/jbase.tar.gz. The genotype data underlying this study are available upon approval by the ethics review board of the Medical Centre Siglo XXI. Please contact Dr Miguel Cruz at mcruzl@yahoo.com for assistance with the application.

Contact:  anna.goldenberg@utoronto.ca

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Identification of coupling DNA motif pairs on long-range chromatin interactions in human K562 cells
Authors: Wong Ka-Chun , Li Yue , Peng Chengbin
Published: September 2015

Motivation: The protein–DNA interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs, also known as DNA motifs) are critical activities in gene transcription. The identification of the DNA motifs is a vital task for downstream analysis. Unfortunately, the long-range coupling information between different DNA motifs is still lacking. To fill the void, as the first-of-its-kind study, we have identified the coupling DNA motif pairs on long-range chromatin interactions in human.

Results: The coupling DNA motif pairs exhibit substantially higher DNase accessibility than the background sequences. Half of the DNA motifs involved are matched to the existing motif databases, although nearly all of them are enriched with at least one gene ontology term. Their motif instances are also found statistically enriched on the promoter and enhancer regions. Especially, we introduce a novel measurement called motif pairing multiplicity which is defined as the number of motifs that are paired with a given motif on chromatin interactions. Interestingly, we observe that motif pairing multiplicity is linked to several characteristics such as regulatory region type, motif sequence degeneracy, DNase accessibility and pairing genomic distance. Taken into account together, we believe the coupling DNA motif pairs identified in this study can shed lights on the gene transcription mechanism under long-range chromatin interactions.

Availability and implementation: The identified motif pair data is compressed and available in the supplementary materials associated with this manuscript.

Contact:  kc.w@cityu.edu.hk

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Variable responses of temperate calcified and fleshy macroalgae to elevated pCO2 and warming
Authors: Kram S. L. , Price N. N. , Donham E. M. , Johnson M. D. , Kelly E. L. A. , Hamilton S. L. , Smith J. E.
Published: September 2015

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions simultaneously increase ocean temperatures and reduce ocean surface pH, a process termed ocean acidification (OA). OA is expected to negatively affect the growth and physiology of many calcified organisms, but the response of non-calcified (fleshy) organisms is less well understood. Rising temperatures and pCO2 can enhance photosynthetic rates (within tolerance limits). Therefore, warming may interact with OA to alter biological responses of macroalgae in complicated ways. Beyond thresholds of physiological tolerance, however, rising temperatures could further exacerbate negative responses to OA. Many studies have investigated the effects of OA or warming independently of each other, but few studies have quantified the interactive effects of OA and warming on marine organisms. We conducted four short-term independent factorial CO2 enrichment and warming experiments on six common species of calcified and fleshy macroalgae from southern California to investigate the independent and interactive effects of CO2 and warming on growth, carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activity, pigment concentrations, and photosynthetic efficiency. There was no effect of elevated pCO2 on CA activity, pigment concentration, and photosynthetic efficiency in the macroalgal species studies. However, we found that calcareous algae suffered reduced growth rates under high pCO2 conditions alone, although the magnitude of the effect varied by species. Fleshy algae had mixed responses of growth rates to high pCO2, indicating that the effects of pCO2 enrichment are inconsistent across species. The combined effects of elevated pCO2 and warming had a significantly negative impact on growth for both fleshy and calcareous algae; calcareous algae experienced five times more weight loss than specimens in ambient control conditions and fleshy growth was reduced by 76%. Our results demonstrate the need to study the interactive effects of multiple stressors associated with global change on marine communities.
Radio relics tracing the projected mass distribution in CIZA J2242.8+5301
Authors: Okabe Nobuhiro , Akamatsu Hiroki , Kakuwa Jun , Fujita Yutaka , Zhang Yuying , Tanaka Masayuki , Umetsu Keiichi
Published: September 2015

We present a weak-lensing analysis for a merging galaxy cluster, CIZA J2242.8+5301, which hosts double radio relics, using three-band Subaru/Suprime-Cam imaging (Br′z′). Since the lifetime of dark matter halos colliding into clusters is longer than that of X-ray emitting gas halos, weak-lensing analysis is a powerful method to constrain merger dynamics. Two-dimensional shear fitting using a clean background catalog suggests that the cluster undergoes a merger with a mass ratio of about 2 : 1. The main halo is located around the gas core in the southern region, while no concentrated gas core is associated with the northern sub-halo. We find that the projected cluster mass distribution resulting from an unequal-mass merger is in excellent agreement with the curved shapes of the two radio relics and the overall X-ray morphology, except for the lack of the northern gas core. The lack of a prominent radio halo enables us to constrain an upper limit of the fractional energy of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence of $(\delta B/B)^2<\mathcal {O}(10^{-6})$ at a resonant wavenumber, by finding a balance between the acceleration time and the time after the core passage or the cooling time, with an assumption of resonant acceleration by a second-order Fermi process.
Organizational responses to accountability requirements
Authors: Gray Carolyn Steele , Berta Whitney , Deber Raisa , Lum Janet
Published: September 2015

Background:

In health care, accountability is being championed as a promising approach to meeting the dual imperatives of improving care quality while managing constrained budgets.

Purposes:

Few studies focus on public sector organizations' responsiveness to government imperatives for accountability. We applied and adapted a theory of organizational responsiveness to community care agencies operating in Ontario, Canada, asking the question: What is the array of realized organizational responses to government-imposed accountability requirements among community agencies that receive public funds to provide home and community care?

Methodology/Approach:

A sequential complementary mixed methods approach was used. It gathered data through a survey of 114 home and community care organizations in Ontario and interviews with 20 key informants representing 13 home and community care agencies and four government agencies. It generated findings using a parallel mixed analysis technique.

Findings:

In addition to responses predicted by the theory, we found that organizations engage in active, as well as passive, forms of compliance; we refer to this response as internal modification in which internal policies, practices, and/or procedures are changed to meet accountability requirements. We also found that environmental factors, such as the presence of an association representing organizational interests, can influence bargaining tactics.

Practice Implications:

Our study helps us to better understand the range of likely responses to accountability requirements and is a first step toward encouraging the development of accountability frameworks that favor positive outcomes for organizations and those holding them to account. Tailoring agreements to organizational environments, aligning perceived compliance with behaviors that encourage improved performance, and allowing for flexibility in accountability arrangements are suggested strategies to support beneficial outcomes.
Persistent Pneumonia
Authors: Ruttan Timothy , Vezzetti Robert , Scalo Jordan
Published: September 2015

Primary pulmonary tumors are rare in pediatrics. When they are encountered, they are usually carcinoid tumors or mucoepidermoid carcinomas. We present a patient who presented to both his primary care physician and the pediatric emergency department with recurrent bouts of wheezing and pneumonia, none of which ever completely resolved despite appropriate treatment. The patient had multiple chest films, which demonstrated the persistence of what appeared to be a right-sided infiltrate/atelectasis. Ultimately, the patient underwent a diagnostic workup that included a computed tomography scan and bronchoscopy. These studies revealed the presence of a bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The patient was successfully treated with photoablation of the lesion through the involvement of multiple subspecialists, including pediatric pulmonology, pediatric surgery, pediatric otolaryngology, and pediatric oncology. We discuss the incidence and epidemiology of pediatric bronchial tumors in general and mucoepidermoid carcinoma in particular as well as diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis. Emergency physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for alternate diagnoses in patients whose disease fails to respond to traditionally accepted therapy.
An Assessment of Newly Identified Barriers to and Enablers for Prehospital Pediatric Pain Management
Authors: Whitley Daniel E. , Li Timmy , Jones Courtney M.C. , Cushman Jeremy T. , Williams David M. , Shah Manish N.
Published: September 2015

Objectives

The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the prevalence of newly identified barriers and enablers to prehospital narcotic analgesic administration in a sample of paramedics and determine whether these barriers and enablers differ between new and experienced paramedics.

Methods

We surveyed a convenience sample of paramedics from urban, suburban, and rural practice settings in an emergency medical services system. Descriptive statistics were calculated to describe responses, and differences between new (≤5 years) and experienced (>5 years) providers were assessed.

Results

There were 127 surveys analyzed; 67% of our sample was experienced and 86% considered treating pain important. Notable barriers for analgesic administration include causing more pain from intravenous catheter insertion, parental influences, difficulty assessing pain, and worry about allergic reactions. Notable enablers include belief that analgesic administration is important, education to administer analgesics, and support from agency leadership. There were statistically significant differences between new and experienced providers in the distribution of responses for survey items regarding how the importance of treating pain in children was learned, overall comfort with pediatric patients, receiving negative responses from superiors about giving pediatric patients analgesics, and usefulness of the Broselow tape for dosing fentanyl for children. Other barriers and enablers were not significantly different between new and experienced providers.

Conclusions

Top barriers to prehospital pediatric analgesic administration are related to skills and knowledge deficits, whereas enablers include support from agency leadership and personal views on analgesics. This information can be used to guide interventions to improve the management of pain in children.
Pelvic Fracture Urethral Injuries in Children
Authors: Meltzer James A. , Reddy Srinivas H. , Blumfield Einat , Alvayay Carolina , Blumberg Stephen M.
Published: September 2015

Pelvic fracture urethral injuries are uncommon injuries that are frequently overlooked in the emergency department. We present a case of a 2-year-old girl whose urethral trauma was initially missed and potentially worsened by the placement of a urinary catheter. The clinical and diagnostic features of these rare injuries are discussed along with the controversies surrounding urinary catheter placement and retrograde urethrography.
Leukemoid Reaction in a Pediatric Patient With Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Gonzalez Laura K. , Malhotra Sonali , Levine Marla , Jacobson-Dickman Elka
Published: September 2015

Herein, we report a case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and a leukemoid reaction. Although this association has been described in a few adult patients, pediatric cases have not been reported. A leukemoid reaction is commonly defined as an elevation in the white blood cell count greater than 50,000/μL in response to severe illness or stress other than hematologic malignancy; it is considered to be mediated by various hormones, cytokines, and factors that are released in response to inciting triggers, such as acidosis. As highlighted in our report, distinguishing a benign leukemoid reaction from a hematologic malignancy and even tumor lysis syndrome, particularly in a setting of diabetic ketoacidosis, is crucial to ensuring safe and efficacious therapeutic interventions.
Optimal support strategy for mechanical systems under contract realm
Authors: Asjad Mohammad , Kulkarni Makarand S , Gandhi O P
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) start providing support to products that helped them in sustaining their business worldwide. The customers are entering into contracts with the OEM, to get the required level of performance but at minimum possible cost. It required the work distribution between OEM/service provider and the client, and may formalize through contract. The contract structure depends upon the number of player involved (customer, OEM and third party) and the support activity. The different contract alternatives can be formulated and the best one may be selected on the basis of minimum Life cycle cost. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– In this work, mathematical models are developed; which are implemented on a real life problem. The developed models are optimized in context to preventive maintenance schedule.

Findings

– In this research, important issues are listed; research steps and mathematical models are presented. The problem has been identified from the literature perspective for mechanical systems. A methodology for formulating and selecting the optimal contract structure is also proposed. The model has been implemented on a real life problem, in which the OEMs provide support to their make installed at Compressed Natural Gas workstation in National Capital Region, India.

Originality/value

– The research results of this paper will contribute both academic and empirical value.
An upscale theory of thermal-mechanical coupling particle simulation for non-isothermal problems in two-dimensional quasi-static system
Authors: Xia Ming
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present an upscale theory of the thermal-mechanical coupling particle simulation for non-isothermal problems in two-dimensional quasi-static system, under which a small length-scale particle model can exactly reproduce the same mechanical and thermal results with that of a large length-scale one.

Design/methodology/approach

– The objective is achieved by extending the upscale theory of particle simulation for two-dimensional quasi-static problems from an isothermal system to a non-isothermal one.

Findings

– Five similarity criteria, namely geometric, material (mechanical and thermal) properties, gravity acceleration, (mechanical and thermal) time steps, thermal initial and boundary conditions (Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions), under which a small-length-scale particle model can exactly reproduce both the mechanical and thermal behavior with that of a large length-scale model for non-isothermal problems in a two-dimensional quasi-static system are proposed. Furthermore, to test the proposed upscale theory, two typical examples subjected to different thermal boundary conditions are simulated using two particle models of different length scale.

Originality/value

– The paper provides some important theoretical guidances to modeling thermal-mechanical coupled problems at both the engineering length scale (i.e. the meter scale) and the geological length scale (i.e. the kilometer scale) using the particle simulation method directly. The related simulation results from two typical examples of significantly different length scales (i.e. a meter scale and a kilometer scale) have demonstrated the usefulness and correctness of the proposed upscale theory for simulating non-isothermal problems in two-dimensional quasi-static system.
Analytical target cascading using ensemble of surrogates for engineering design problems
Authors: Jiang Zheng , Qiu Haobo , Zhao Ming , Zhang Shizhan , Gao Liang
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– In multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO), if the relationships between design variables and some output parameters, which are important performance constraints, are complex implicit problems, plenty of time should be spent on computationally expensive simulations to identify whether the implicit constraints are satisfied with the given design variables during the optimization iteration process. The purpose of this paper is to propose an ensemble of surrogates-based analytical target cascading (ESATC) method to tackle such MDO engineering design problems with reduced computational cost and high optimization accuracy.

Design/methodology/approach

– Different surrogate models are constructed based on the sample point sets obtained by Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method. Then, according to the error metric of each surrogate model, the repeated ensemble of surrogates is constructed to approximate the implicit objective functions and constraints. Under the framework of analytical target cascading (ATC), the MDO problem is decomposed into several optimization subproblems and the function of analysis module of each subproblem is simulated by repeated ensemble of surrogates, working together to find the optimum solution.

Findings

– The proposed method shows better modeling accuracy and robustness than other individual surrogate model-based ATC method. A numerical benchmark problem and an industrial case study of the structural design of a super heavy vertical lathe machine tool are utilized to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

Originality/value

– This paper integrates a repeated ensemble method with ATC strategy to construct the ESATC framework which is an effective method to solve MDO problems with implicit constraints and black-box objectives.
An heir for a business at Kurniawan security: a mere baton passing?
Authors: Kheng Yeoh Khar , June Sethela , Mohamed Shaik Dawood Raja
Published: September 2015

Subject area

Family business

Study level/applicability

This case study is relevant for undergraduate and post-graduate degrees, specifically in the field of entrepreneurship. This case can be applied in the family business and entrepreneurship module.

Case overview

This case highlights the issue of succession planning in a family business. It describes the problem faced by the founder of a security service company, Kurniawan Security Services Sdn Bhd., in handing over his business to his sons. The case depicts the occurrence of conflicts as one of the common problems in running a family business which, in the end, may affect the perpetuity of the business concerns.

Expected learning outcomes

Upon completion of the case analysis, students should be able to explain the concept of entrepreneurship in the context of a family business, discuss the issue of succession planning commonly associated with running a family business, analyse critically the nature of conflicts that may occur in a family business and suggest how the problem(s) can be attempted to be solved from within the business management perspectives.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Enabling practitioners working with young people who self-harm
Authors: Foster Celeste , Birch Lynsey , Allen Shelly , Rayner Gillian
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to outline a UK-based interdisciplinary workforce development project that had the aim of improving service delivery for children and young people who self-harm or are feeling suicidal.

Design/methodology/approach

– This innovative practice-higher-education partnership utilised an iterative consultation process to establish the local workforce need and then facilitated the systematic synthesis and presentation of evidence-based clinical guidelines in a practical format, for staff working directly with young people who self-harm in non-mental health settings.

Findings

– The development, content and structure of this contextualised resource is presented, along with emerging outcomes and learning from the team. It is anticipated that this may also be a useful strategy and resource for other teams in other areas and is intended to provide a template that can be adapted by other localities to meet the specific needs of their own workforce.

Practical implications

– The paper demonstrates how higher education-practice partnerships can make clinical guidelines and research evidence in a field often thought of as highly specialist, accessible to all staff. It also shows a process of liaison and enhanced understanding across universal/specialist mental health service thresholds.

Originality/value

– This paper demonstrates how collaborative partnerships can work to bridge the gap between evidence-based guidelines and their implementation in practice, through innovative multi-agency initiatives.