bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisão sistematizada das orientações sobre prevenção de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados à Odontologia
Authors: Ferreira Maria Luisa Gomes , Endo Marcos Sergio , Fujimaki Mitsue , Lolli Luiz Fernando , Rocha Najara Barbosa da
Published: June 2018

Introdução: Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho são comuns nos cirurgiões-dentistas. Porém, ainda há uma carência de estudos e discussões acerca desse tema. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco, as formas comuns de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho na área de Odontologia e prevenção. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline e Scielo utilizando os descritores: Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos, Doenças Profissionais e Odontologia. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos sobre prevenção e tratamento de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho na odontologia; trabalhos completos e disponíveis; idioma português ou inglês; todo tipo de estudo e sem restrição quanto ao ano de publicação.  Resultados: A pesquisa resultou 32 artigos. Após leitura dos títulos e resumos foram selecionados 11 artigos para análise na íntegra. Destes, 6 foram excluídos após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, totalizando 4 publicações. Os fatores de risco apontados para o desenvolvimento dos distúrbios osteomusculares foram os movimentos repetitivos, falta de ergonomia, postura inadequada, força excessiva nos procedimentos, repouso insuficiente, pouco condicionamento físico e pressão psicológica. As formas comuns apontadas foram tendinites, tenossinovites, síndrome do túnel do carpo, miosites e bursites. O diagnóstico da doença no Cirurgião-Dentista é realizado pelo estudo da vida profissional, história da doença e exame físico, com tratamento interprofissional. Para prevenção os estudos destacaram o estilo de vida saudável, a prática de esportes, alongamento, controle do estresse, organização e adoção de princípios ergonômicos. Conclusão: Os cirurgiões-dentistas são propensos aos distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho, sendo necessária prevenção destas patologias desde a graduação, pois hábitos deletérios podem ser prolongados para a vida profissional.Descritores: Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos; Doenças Profissionais; Programa de Prevenção de Riscos no Ambiente de Trabalho; Odontologia.
Relationships between economic growth, CO2 emissions, and innovation for nations with the highest patent applications
Authors: Tnani Mahmoud
Published: June 2018

This study aims to provide insight on the nexus between innovation, economic growth and CO2 emissions. In order to achieve this, data on potential factors such as innovation, environmental taxes, research and development (R&D) spending, electricity production, population size, high-technology exports and prices of photovoltaic systems are collected for the sample of the leading innovative countries over the period from 1990 to 2014. Based on a cointegrated panel methodology and a vector error correction model, the long-run, as well as the short-run dynamics of all possible combinations between the variables under study, are estimated. The results reveal that except for China, economic growth is mainly driven by electricity production, population size, CO2 emissions and R&D spending. However, innovation was found to have lesser effect on economic growth. In addition to that, the authors found evidence in favor of CO2 emissions being affected positively by population size and prices of photovoltaic systems and negatively by environmental taxes, high-technology exports, R&D spending and innovation. Moreover, on the contrary to population size, well-being is positively affected by CO2 emission and R&D spending.
Peculiarities of the Ukrainian housing and utility services enterprises activity in the context of defining their development potential
Authors: Pedchenko Nataliia , Kimurzhiy Mariya
Published: June 2018

The aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of housing and utility services enterprises activity as factors of influence on their development potential.
Research methodology. When solving the tasks given in the article, method of hypotheses and statistical research, methods for analyzing socio-economic factors of influence on enterprises’ development potential are used.
Results. The authors proved the fairness of the presented scientific hypotheses as for peculiarities of housing and utility services enterprises in Ukraine, specifically, existence of natural monopoly of housing and utility services enterprises; limitations of the enterprise management functions in the sphere of setting up prices and standards for services; necessity to ensure long-term activities and continuity of production; non-compliance of quality, nomenclature of services, their reliability, economic feasibility of the tariffs, social and environmental labor security with the requirements of European standards for country’s development; presence of the significant accounts receivable, which is caused by time lag between the consumers’ use of services and resources provided and paying for them; dependence of results of enterprises financial activity on the current political and economic situation in the country.
Practical implications of the research results. Taking into account the proved hypotheses, vector directions of housing and utility services enterprises development potential were shaped in the article.
An Update on Potential Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Actions of Snake Venom L-amino Acid Oxidases (LAAOs)
Authors: Paloschi Mauro V. , Pontes Adriana S. , Soares Andreimar M. , Zuliani Juliana P.
Published: June 2018

Background:

LAAOs (EC 1.4.3.2) are found in concentrations that vary according to each
species of snakes; Viperidae, Crotalidae and Elapidae contain 1-9% of this enzyme in their venoms.

Methods:

This review focuses on an update on molecular mechanisms, platelet activities, antimicrobial,
antiprotozoal, induction of apoptosis and inflammatory potential underlying the actions of SVLAAOs.

Results:

Snake venom LAAOs (SV-LAAOs) have become an interesting subject for pharmacological,
structural and molecular studies.

Conclusion:

Although the mechanisms of action of these enzymes are not well understood they are a
subject of a variety of studies, because LAAOs are multifunctional enzymes exhibiting a wide range of
pharmacological effects, including the inhibition or induction of platelet aggregation, hemolysis and
hemorrhage, in addition to the stimulation of apoptosis, the activation of leukocytes and the formation
of edema.

Moreover, SV-LAAOs play an important role in bactericidal, cytotoxic, anti-parasitic, anti-tumor, and
antiviral activities.
Development of Peptide Vaccines in Dengue
Authors: Reginald Kavita , Chan Yanqi , Plebanski Magdalena , Poh Chit Laa
Published: June 2018

Dengue is one of the most important arboviral infections worldwide, infecting up to 390 million people
and causing 25,000 deaths annually. Although a licensed dengue vaccine is available, it is not efficacious against
dengue serotypes that infect people living in South East Asia, where dengue is an endemic disease. Hence, there
is an urgent need to develop an efficient dengue vaccine for this region. Data from different clinical trials indicate
that a successful dengue vaccine must elicit both neutralizing antibodies and cell mediated immunity. This can be
achieved by designing a multi-epitope peptide vaccine comprising B, CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes. As recognition
of T cell epitopes are restricted by human leukocyte antigens (HLA), T cell epitopes which are able to recognize
several major HLAs will be preferentially included in the vaccine design. While peptide vaccines are safe,
biocompatible and cost-effective, it is poorly immunogenic. Strategies to improve its immunogenicity by the use
of long peptides, adjuvants and nanoparticle delivery mechanisms are discussed.
Molecular Chaperones Involved in Protein Recovery from Aggregates are Present in Protozoa Causative of Malaria andLeishmaniasis
Authors: Batista Fernanda A.H. , Dores-Silva Paulo R. , Borges Júlio C.
Published: June 2018

Molecular chaperones have several critical functions in protein metabolism. Among them, some are involved in processes that culminate in the extraction of entangled polypeptides from protein aggregates, releasing unfolded structures prone to be refolded or directed to degradation. This action avoids the effect of toxic aggregates on cells and tissues. Molecular chaperones belonging to the Hsp100 family are widely distributed from unicellular and sessile organisms up to fungi and plants, exerting key functions related to the reduction of the effects caused by different forms of stress. The Hsp100 proteins belong to the AAA+ (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) family and form multichaperone systems with Hsp70 and small Hsp chaperones families. However, Hsp100 are absent in metazoan, where protein disaggregation action is performed by a system involving the Hsp70 family, including Hsp110 and J-protein co-chaperones. Here, the structural and functional aspects of these protein disaggregation systems will be reviewed and discussed in the perspective of the Hsp100 system absent in the metazoan kingdom. This feature focuses on Hsp100 as a hot spot for drug discovery against human infectious diseases such as leishmaniasis and malaria, as Hsp100 is critical for microorganisms. The current data available for Hsp100 in Leishmania spp. and Plasmodium spp. are also reviewed.
A Study on the Synthesis of Risedronic Acid: The Role of an Ionic Liquid Additive
Authors: Nagy Dávid Illés , Grün Alajos , Sinkovicz Júlia , Garadnay Sándor , Greiner István , Keglevich György
Published: June 2018

Background:

The synthesis of high value risedronic acid is not fully resolved, as, for the
time being, the best method based on the preparation from 3-pyridylcarboxylic acid by reaction
with phosphorus trichloride in methanesulfonic acid gives risedronic acid in a good yield, but in an
unpure form.

Methods:

Alternative protocols realizing the synthesis in sulfolane as the solvent and/or in the
presence of suitable IL additive were developed to obtain the target dronic acid in a pure form.

Results & Conclusion:

Using phosphorus trichloride and phosphorous acid in two equivalents
quantities together with 0.6 equivalents of [bmim][BF4] without any solvent, the method afforded
the target dronic acid in a yield of 66% in a pure form.
Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Novel Coumarin-1,2,3-triazole-1,2,4- Oxadiazole Hybrids as Potent Anti-breast Cancer Agents
Authors: Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani Maryam , Fahimi Kiana , Karimpour-Razkenari Elahe , Safavi Maliheh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Saeedi Mina , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh
Published: June 2018

Background:

This work reports design, synthesis, and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel
coumarin-1,2,3-triazole-1,2,4-oxadiazole hybrids against three breast cancer cell lines MCF-7,
MDA-MB-231, and T-47D.

Methods:

Synthetic procedure for the preparation of desired compounds was started from the reaction
of coumarins or with propargyl bromide to give O-propargylated coumarins or 5. Then, click
reaction between the later compounds and 3-aryl-5-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles afforded the
desired products in good yields.

Results:

Among the synthesized compounds, 4-((1-((3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-
yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one (9a) showed the best cytotoxicity
against breast cancer cell lines.

Conclusion:

Compound 9a depicted the most activity toward MDA-MB-231 and T-47D cells while
compounds 8a and 8c were the most potent compounds against MCF-7.
Molecular Dynamics Studies on COX-2 Protein-tyrosine Analogue Complex and Ligand-based Computational Analysis of Halo-substituted Tyrosine Analogues
Authors: Puratchikody Ayarivan , Umamaheswari Appavoo , Irfan Navabshan , Sriram Dharmarajan
Published: June 2018

Background:

The quest for new drug entities and novel structural fragments with
applications in therapeutic areas is always at the core of medicinal chemistry.

Methods:

As part of our efforts to develop novel selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors
containing tyrosine scaffold. The objective of this study was to identify potent COX-2 inhibitors by
dynamic simulation, pharmacophore and 3D-QSAR methodologies. Dynamics simulation was performed
for COX-2/tyrosine derivatives complex to characterise structure validation and binding
stability. Certainly, Arg120 and Tyr355 residue of COX-2 protein formed a constant interaction
with tyrosine inhibitor throughout the dynamic simulation phase. A four-point pharmacophore with
one hydrogen bond acceptor, two hydrophobic and one aromatic ring was developed using the
HypoGen algorithm. The generated, statistically significant pharmacophore model, Hypo 1 with a
correlation coefficient of r2, 0.941, root mean square deviation, 1.15 and total cost value of 96.85.

Results:

The QSAR results exhibited good internal (r2, 0.992) and external predictions (r2pred,
0.814). The results of this study concluded the COX-2 docked complex was stable and interactive
like experimental protein structure. Also, it offered vital chemical features with geometric constraints
responsible for the inhibition of the selective COX-2 enzyme by tyrosine derivatives.

Conclusion:

In principle, this work offers significant structural understandings to design and develop
novel COX-2 inhibitors.
Catalyst Free and Energy Economical Synthesis of Thiazole Derivatives Bearing Azo Imine Linkage with Imidazole as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Panchani Nayan M. , Joshi Hitendra S.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Several strategies have been reported for the synthesis of thiazole derivatives.

Methods:

However, many of these methods suffer from several drawbacks. Several modifications have been made to counter these problems. Here, we have synthesized a new series of 2-(2-((1HImidazol- 4-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl)-4-(4-substitutedphenyl)thiazoles without using the catalyst at room temperature.

Results:

The structures of synthesized compounds have been confirmed by spectral analysis, such as Mass, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. All synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusion:

The thiazole derivatives, with a pharmacologically potent group, discussed in this article may provide valued therapeutic important in the treatment of microbial diseases, especially against bacterial and fungal infections.
Microalgae Cultivation and Industrial Waste: New Biotechnologies for Obtaining Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Vieira Costa Jorge Alberto , Machado Terra Ana Luiza , Cruz Nidria Dias , Gonçalves Igor Severo , Moreira Juliana Botelho , Kuntzler Suelen Goettems , de Morais Michele Greque
Published: June 2018

Industrial effluents containing heavy metals can have harmful effects on organisms and the
ecosystem. Silver is a waste from textile, galvanic and photographic industries, and when released into
the environment, it can harm human health and cause biological modification. Removal of metals, such
as silver, has been traditionally carried out using physicochemical methods that produce a high concentration
of sludge and expend a significant amount of energy. Researchers are seeking innovative technologies
for more efficient removal of silver or for using this heavy metal to obtain new products. The
use of microalgae is a promising alternative to traditional remediation methods because several species
can absorb and assimilate heavy metals. When exposed to toxic substances, microalgae excrete molecules
in the medium that induce the reduction of silver particles to nanoparticles. Biosynthesized silver
nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used in medicine, food packaging, the production of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals,
civil engineering, sensors and water purification. Thus, microalgal biosynthesis of metal
nanoparticles has the capacity to bioremediate metals and subsequently convert them into non-toxic
forms in the cell. In this context, this review addresses the use of microalgal biotechnology for industrial
waste remediation of silver, which includes the simultaneous biosynthesis of AgNPs. We also discuss
the potential applications of these nanoparticles.
Genetic Improvement and Challenges for Cultivation of Microalgae for Biodiesel: A Review
Authors: Bt Md Nasir Nor-Anis N. , Islam A. K. M. Aminul , Anuar Nurina , Yaakob Zahira
Published: June 2018

Microalgae are a viable alternative for biofuel production to replace the world dependency on
fossil fuel. It has a wide range of application for the sustainable production of biomaterials. Microalgae
can convert solar energy into important natural components by utilizing marginal nutrients, wastewater
and exhaust CO2 without sharing expensive crop field. Microalgae also have the potentiality to generate
several promising components such as Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs), organic pigments and
pharmaceutically important hydrocarbons. Cultivation and production of microalgae biomass have multifaceted
challenges due to the requirement of large volume of water for the algae growth, high processing
cost and contamination by pathogens. Genetic improvement and modifications are essential to
construct superior microalgae for manufacturing industries using various methods such as selection of
novel strain, stress tolerance, resistance to pathogens, product development and metabolic pathways and
cellular contents. In addition, technologies related to cultivation, harvesting, extraction and processing
are essential to develop for the growth of novel microalgae strains.
The Effect of Donor Molecular Structure on Power Conversion Efficiency of Small-Molecule-Based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Hui , Ma Yibing , Sun Youyi , Liu Jialei , Liu Yaqing , Zhao Guizhe
Published: June 2018

In this review, small-molecule donors for application in organic solar cells reported in the last
three years are highlighted. Especially, the effect of donor molecular structure on power conversion efficiency
of organic solar cells is reported in detail. Furthermore, the mechanism is proposed and discussed
for explaining the relationship between structure and power conversion efficiency. These results
and discussions draw some rules for rational donor molecular design, which is very important for further
improving the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells based on the small-molecule donor.
The Progress in the Field Auxiliary Donors and their Application in Novel Organic Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Chromophores
Authors: Gao Wu , Liu Jialei , Kityk Iwan V.
Published: June 2018

Conversion efficiency between electrical and optical signals is very important for the development
of modern information technologies. Due to their advantages in half-wave voltage, bandwidth, cost and integration,
as well as organic electro-optic (EO) parameters, these materials are widely studied and used in microwave
photonic devices. Second order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, as the core of organic EO
materials have an increasing interest in this branch. Auxiliary donors present a new direction for the design and
improvement of organic NLO chromophores. In this short review, the advantages, theoretical calculations and
experimental results of auxiliary donors are reviewed and discussed in detail.
Spectrum of Multimodality Findings in Post-surgical Breast Cancer Imaging
Authors: Ramli Hamid Marlina Tanty , Rahmat Kartini , Hamid Shamsiah Abdul , Kirat Singh Shaleen Kaur , Hooi Tan Gie
Published: June 2018

Background:

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer affecting Malaysian women, accounting for an estimated 30% of all new cancer diagnosed annually. Improvements in breast cancer management have increased the breast cancer survival rate in Malaysia. Clinical and radiological surveillance of the treated breast is vital, as early detection of recurrence improves patient’s survival rate.

Discussion:

As surgery and radiotherapy alter the appearance of the breasts, distinguishing between recurrence and benign post-surgical changes can be challenging radiologically due to overlapping features. Despite this, differentiation between these two entities is usually possible by recognizing characteristic features of post-treatment sequelae and the evolution of the appearance of the conservatively treated breast by comparing interval findings on serial studies.

Conclusion:

This pictorial review aims to describe the typical and unusual features of post-treated breasts in the multimodality imaging workup of an established breast care centre in a teaching hospital in Malaysia.
Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) Approach Based HPTLC Method for Quantification of Fisetin with Superior Recovery in Formulations
Authors: Moolakkadath Thasleem , Aqil Mohd , Imam Syed Sarim , Ahad Abdul , Praveen Arshiya , Sultana Yasmin , Ahmad Sayeed , Mujeeb Mohd.
Published: June 2018

Background:

A stability indicating high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)
method was developed for the evaluation of fisetin (FIS) in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)
and marketed capsule formulation in accordance with the ICH guidelines.

Methods:

The mobile phase combination toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (3: 5.5: 1: 0.5
v/v/v/v) was optimized with the aid of AQbD approach. The absorbance mode at 254 nm was chosen
for densitometric analysis as it gives a compact spot of FIS at Rf value of 0.74.

Results:

The R2 value obtained from the linear regression equation of calibration plots made by taking
the spot in the concentration range of 100-1400 ng/spot was found to be 0.9993. The observed LOD
and LOQ value was found to be 29.8 ng/spot and 98.5 ng/spot, respectively. The exposure of FIS to
various stress conditions revealed the fact that the drug is stable in photochemical and dry heat stress
conditions without any degradation. The drug-exposed to acidic, alkaline and oxidative stress was
found to be degraded into different degradation products with the highest degradation was found in
alkaline stress. All degradation products were observed to be fairly separated from well-resolved parent
peak of FIS.

Conclusion:

The developed HPTLC method have shown well-resolved peaks and also shown good
recovery in the compound FIS as well as FIS formulation.
Factorial Design Optimisation of Solid Phase Extraction for Preconcentration of Parabens in Wastewater Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Muckoya Vallerie A. , Nomngongo Philiswa N. , Ngila Jane C.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Parabens are synthetic esters used extensively as preservatives and/or
bactericides in personal care personal products.

Objective:

Development and validation of a novel robust chemometric assisted analytical technique
with superior analytical performances for the determination of ethylparaben, methylparaben and
propylparaben, using simulated wastewater matrix.

Methods:

An automated Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) method coupled with liquid chromatographymass
spectrometry was applied in this study. A gradient elution programme comprising of 0.1%
formic acid in deionised water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in Methanol (B) was employed on a 100 x
2.1 mm, 3.0 μm a particle size biphenyl column. Two-level (2k) full factorial design coupled with
response surface methodology was used for optimisation and investigation of SPE experimental
variables that had the most significant outcome of the analytical response.

Results:

According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), sample pH and eluent volume were
statistically the most significant parameters. The method developed was validated for accuracy,
precision, Limits of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) and linearity. The LOD and
LOQ established under those optimised conditions varied between 0.04-0.12 μgL−1 and 0.14-0.40 μgL−1
respectively. The use of matrix-matched external calibration provided extraction recoveries between
78-128% with relative standard deviations at 2-11% for two spike levels (10 and 100 μgL-1) in three
different water matrices (simulated wastewater, influent and effluent water).

Conclusion:

The newly developed method was applied successfully to the analyses of parabens in
wastewater samples at different sampling points of a wastewater treatment plant, revealing
concentrations of up to 3 μgL−1.
The Optimization of HL60-IL6 Assay and its Application in the Pyrogen Detection of Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Wang Mingren , Dong Shanshan , Shao Hong , Wang Can , Chen Gang
Published: June 2018

Background:

The HL60-IL6 assay has been initially established, but the process of the assay
and calculation was not simplified. And there are no reports on whether it can be applied to detect pyrogen
contamination in the monoclonal antibody.

Objective:

The study aimed to improve the HL60/IL-6 assay and detect the pyrogens in the monoclonal
antibody drug by HL60-IL6 assay.

Methods:

The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) was incubated with pyrogen standard
solution, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan and lipoteichoic acid (LTA),or monoclonal antibody
sample solution for 48 hours, and then cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6),secreted from HL-60, were
measured by ELISA. The study further described the standard curves on OD (Optical Density) value of
IL-6 responding to pyrogen stimulation, and determined the content of pyrogen in the monoclonal antibody
production after validation. In addition, the sensitivity of HL60 to three pyrogens was evaluated to
establish one standard curve to determine endotoxin and non-endotoxin level. Then, the credibility of
standard curves was evaluated. After improvement of the assay, 9 monoclonal antibody batches were
assayed for pyrogens in parallel with the Rabbit Pyrogen Test (RPT) and HL60/IL-6 assay.

Results:

It was achieved that the standard curve between OD value of IL-6 and pyrogen concentration
was established. Then, it was found that the sensitivity of HL60 responding to LPS was the weakest, as
a result of which, only LPS standard curve needs to be described in each test for detection of pyrogens.
Besides, to evaluate the credibility of standard curve, the parameters of the standard curve were restricted
and the resulting interpretation was also specified. 3 Bevacizumab batches failed the RPT,
which also showed pyrogenic contamination by the HL60/IL-6 assay.

Conclusion:

HL60-IL6 assay was improved and can be applied to pyrogen detection of monoclonal
antibody.
A study to evaluate the relationship between the occlusal load applied and the size of the markings produced from tooth contact when dental articulating paper and T-scan is interposed alternatively. (Preprint)
Authors: Reddy Sravya , Satheesh Kumar Preeti , Grandhi Vyoma Venkatesh
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

The proposed experimental design was done to determine if a relationship exists between the occlusal load applied and the size of the markings produced from tooth contact when dental articulating paper and T-Scan are interposed alternatively.

OBJECTIVE

Objective of this study was to compare the relationship between contact markings on an articulating paper and T Scan for an applied occlusal load.

METHODS

In this in vitro study, dentulous maxillary and mandibular dies were mounted on a metal jig,articulating paper, and T-Scan sensor were placed alternatively between the casts. Loads simulating occlusal loads began at 25N and incrementally continued upto 450N.The resultant markings (180 marks resulting from articulating paper and 138 marks of T-Scan) were photographed and the marks were analyzed using MOTIC image analysis and sketching. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), student t-test and Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient method.

RESULTS

The size of an articulating paper mark may not be a reliable predictor of the actual load content within the occlusal contact. T-Scan gave more predictable results of actual load content within the occlusal contact.

CONCLUSIONS

Statistically interpretation of the data indicated that with articulating paper, the mark area increased non-linearly with increasing load and there was a false positive result. The characteristics of the paper mark appearance did not describe the amount of occlusal force present on a given tooth. The contact marking obtained using T Scan for an applied occlusal load indicated that the mark area increased with the increase in the load and gave more predictable results of actual load content within the occlusal contact.
Sponsorship Information Reception and Processing: Explicit and Implicit Memory of In-Game Advertising
Authors: Lim Choong Hoon , Hur Youngjin , Mi Song Song
Published: June 2018

Researchers have attempted to identify the impact of sponsors' advertising on spectators at sports events, but it is necessary to understand the dynamic mechanisms of the effect of advertising on signboards at these events. Thus, our primary purpose was to investigate the effects of
emotion on spectators' implicit/explicit memory of sponsors' advertising. Further, we examined how visual attention can mediate the effects of emotion on explicit/implicit memory. We asked 81 undergraduates to watch an edited soccer match while wearing an eye tracker in order to examine their
visual attention. The results showed that their visual attention to sponsor signage significantly varied as a function of both their pleasure and arousal, and visual attention significantly influenced their explicit memory, but not their implicit memory. We also found a full mediating effect
of visual attention between pleasure and explicit memory, and a partial mediating effect of visual attention between arousal and explicit memory. Results are discussed, along with the limitations and scope for future research.
Effects of Social Capital on Collective Action for Community Development
Authors: Kim Hyoung-Yong
Published: June 2018

I applied a multilevel and multidimensional approach to assess the effects of social capital on collective action. Using data from a national survey on social capital in the United States, I tested the effects of individual-level social networks (bonding, bridging, and linking), community-level
social trust, and cross-level interaction on residents' collective actions toward community development. Results from the hierarchical generalized linear model generally supported the network dynamic model, showing that social networks are critical to the underprivileged who lack resource
mobilization opportunities. Specifically, the bridging and linking qualities of social networks produced a strong influence on collective action more than any other variable. However, the effect of community-level social trust was small and did not explain the extent to which individual-level
social networks exerted influence on collective action.
Para la génesis de Gurka (un frío como el agua, seco), de Vicente Zito Lema: periodismo y dramaturgia liminalizados por la Antropología Teatral Poética
Authors: Dubatti Ricardo Adrián
Published: June 2018

En el teatro argentino de postdictadura abundan las representaciones de la Guerra de Malvinas, enfrentamiento con el Reino Unido que tuvo lugar del 2 de abril al 14 de junio de 1982. En dicho corpus sobresale Gurka (un frío como el agua, seco), de Vicente Zito Lema, estrenada en noviembre de 1988 y vuelta a representar en numerosas ocasiones. Desde la crítica genética y la poética comparada se estudian la relación entre el texto dramático y su antecedente periodístico, “Las Malvinas en el hospicio. ‘Un frío como el agua, seco’”, publicado en abril del mismo año, y la deliberada conexión liminal entre entrevista, teatro y “Antropología Teatral Poética” propuesta por Zito Lema.
Un barrio de color: el diseño de un museo al aire libre mediante trencadís en El Nejayote
Authors: Díaz Fernández Adris , Ledesma Gómez Rodrigo Daniel
Published: June 2018

El artículo hace referencia a las bondades de la técnica del trencadís y el esfuerzo del colectivo Caminando en Mi Barrio por enaltecer el barrio El Nejayote en el centro de Monterrey, México. Puntualmente, se analiza el proceso de intervención comprendido entre el 2014-2017, además se indaga su incidencia y consecuencias a partir de entrevistas en profundidad y grupos de enfoque con vecinos, artistas y voluntarios. El estudio pone una vez más en evidencia que las prácticas de arte en comunidad y las prácticas colaborativas contribuyen a lograr la cohesión en las comunidades, mejoran el entorno público, fortalecen la identidad, generan espacios participativos y dan empoderamiento para beneficio tanto de los vecinos como de los transeúntes. Un museo al aire libre con 15 “tapetes de trencadís” con esquemas de artistas y diseñadores es el producto del esfuerzo comunitario, cuyo diseño se ha convertido en el mediador de un cambio tan necesario para el espacio público, dejando a un lado el olvido y el abandono de la zona, donde el Nejayote es hoy un barrio de color.
Construcción dialógica ciencia/arte. Estética del alea desde el enfoque de la complejidad
Authors: Barbosa Araceli
Published: June 2018

A partir del enfoque de la complejidad del filósofo francés Edgar Morin, se plantea una reflexión acerca del imperativo epistemológico de construcción del paradigma dialógico del pensamiento creativo ciencia/arte. Conforme a esta propuesta, las dimensiones científica y artística devienen campos de conocimientos convergentes, rechazándose la noción dominante del paradigma unidisciplinario que las ha escindido, para dar paso a la generación del pensamiento transdisciplinario concomitante a la dialógica del conocimiento. A partir de lo anterior, se sostiene que, mediante la racionalidad creativa de la unidualidad ciencia/arte, se gestan inéditas poéticas artísticas que adquieren la estética del alea, como en el caso del bioarte.
Emerging Issues: Pharmaceuticals and Patents in Developing Countries
Authors: Possas Cristina
Published: June 2018

This article analyses the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) debateon pharmaceuticals, an issue introduced by TRIPS, a World TradeOrganization(WTO) Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual PropertyRights which included pharmaceuticals as subject to patents, equivalent toany other product in the market. Available research results indicate that patentinglife saving products, such as antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, is controversial, since itcreates a temporary monopoly and restricts circulation of knowledge, delayinginnovation and leading to a significant increase in the prices of drugs. In Brazil,in 1996, the country immediately complied to this international agreement andimplemented a National Industrial Property Law in many aspects more restrictivethan TRIPS, with detrimental impacts on the national pharmaceutical enterprises.Contrasting with the Brazilian IPR option, China and India adopteda different strategy and waited for a decade to build their national capacity forresearch and development for pharmaceuticals and ARV drugs, before decidingto comply to TRIPS. We discuss the consequences of these three different policyoptions, examining the implications of the premature compliance of Brazil toTRIPS and anticipating its possible impacts on the successful country’s policyof free and universal access to ARV.
Políticas Pork Barrel: Um estudo sobre o caso português do PIDDAC
Authors: Mourao Paulo Reis , Cunha Eurico José A.
Published: June 2018

O voto é o objectivo principal para o político que ambiciona sereleito ou manter o posto que ocupa e as politicas de “Pork Barrel” são umasdas formas de obtenção de popularidade e influenciar o voto. Neste estudo,vou fazer uma análise empírica sobre a forma como são distribuídas as verbasdo PIDDAC e comprovar se o mesmo pode estar a ser utilizado para finseleitoralistas em Portugal. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as suspeitas demanipulação eleitoralistas são sustentadas. Distritos com maior percentagemde eleitores recebem mais verbas do PIDDAC, assim como, os distritos quetêm mais municípios governados por Presidentes de Câmara do partido doexecutivo, tendem a receber mais verbas do PIDDAC.
A governança da cadeia global de valor na indústria automobilística: um estudo de caso
Authors: Torres Ricardo Lobato , Cario Silvio Antõnio Ferraz
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso da governança da Renault do Brasil sobre seus fornecedores a jusante e a montante na cadeia de valor. Baseado na abordagem das cadeias globais de valor, o objetivo do trabalho é identificar os instrumentos de governança utilizados pela Renault e verificar se sua estratégia é coincidente com as tendências mundiais. A escolha do caso da Renault justifica-se por representar uma das companhias estrangeiras que ingressaram no país por causa do Regime Automotivo Brasileiro de 1995, e exemplifica a reorganização e modernização da estrutura industrial do setor automotivo.
Polanyi e Granovetter a partir do Olhar de Lukács
Authors: Araujo Paulo Henrique Furtado de
Published: June 2018

O artigo examina criticamente as contribuições de Polanyi e Granovetter sobre as noções de enraizamento e inserção do indivíduo em redes sociais a partir da construção proposta por Lukács em “Para uma Ontologia do Ser Social”. Propõe-se a repensar e apontar pistas para uma explicação, adequada ao pensamento marxiano, das necessárias articulações entre as tomadas de decisão realizadas no aqui e agora, no cotidiano do mundo dos homens, e as legalidades e tendências mais gerais produzidas por elas e sentidas na totalidade do ser social.
Índices de Confiança, suas influências e impactos
Authors: Oliveira Fernando Nascimento de , Carneiro Catarina
Published: June 2018

Nesse artigo, analisamos que fatores macroeconômicos afetam os indicadores de confiança do consumo e como (se) esses indicadores estão correlacionados com o consumo agregado. Para tanto, selecionamos diversos indicadores de confiança do consumidor, baseados em diferentes metodologias e fornecidos por diferentes instituições. No que diz respeito à relação dos indicadores de confiança com o consumo agregado, vimos que o Índice de Confiança do Consumidor da Fecomércio de São Paulo (ICC_FECOM), o indicador de Intenção de Consumo das Famílias que recebem mais de 10 salários mínimos (ICF_MAIS10SM), o Índice de Confiança do Comércio (ICOM) e o Índice de Expectativas do Comércio (IE_COM) estão correlacionados com o consumo agregado. No que diz respeito aos fatores macroeconômicos que determinam os indicadores de confiança, observamos que o saldo das operações de crédito do sistema financeiro em relação ao PIB foi o fator mais relevante.
O impacto da Desaposentação nas contas da Previdência Social
Authors: Marques Rosa Maria , Londucci Silmara
Published: June 2018

O instituto da Desaposentação surgiu em razão da obrigatoriedade da contribuição dos inativos, cumulado com a extinção do pecúlio, quando se vislumbrou a possibilidade – somente via judicial, – de requerer a renúncia à aposentadoria e solicitar uma nova aposentadoria, contabilizando-se ao valor recebido às contribuições do período contribuído após o júbilo. Hoje se acumulam demandas judiciais nesse sentido. Esse instituto tem recebido oposição de alguns que dizem que sua implantação prejudica financeiramente a Previdência Social. A partir de estudos de casos, este artigo demonstra que isso não é verdadeiro para todos os aposentados ativos, especialmente para aqueles que contribuem pelo teto ao Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS).
O Sistema de Contas Nacionais: evolução histórica e implantação no Brasil
Authors: Neto João Hallak , Forte Christina Maia
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho descreve como se deu a evolução do Sistema de Contas Nacionais (SCN), desde sua origem até a consolidação e disseminação de sua metodologia. São apresentadas como foram fundamentadas as bases do SCN, a incorporação dos principais conteúdos – em grande parte mantidos até hoje – e os aprimoramentos que levaram o sistema à sua formação teórica atualmente recomendada por um conjunto de organismos multilaterais e adotada por um grande número de países. O histórico da implantação do SCN brasileiro, que tem origem em meados do século passado e sua evolução até a recente revisão da nova série de referência 2010 também são considerados neste artigo.
Determinantes da contribuição Previdenciária dos Trabalhadores Autônomos no Brasil
Authors: Ramalho Edimar Emiliano Soares , De Souza Elvanio Costa , Cirino Jader Fernandes
Published: June 2018

Diferentemente de outros trabalhadores como os empregados com carteira de trabalho assinada e os funcionários públicos, os autônomos têm a liberdade de contribuir ou não para a previdência social no Brasil. Se escolhem contribuir, a previdência social funciona como uma espécie de seguro que os protege contra a redução da renda causada pela perda de capacidade laboral em decorrência de doença, acidente, velhice etc. Este estudo procurou analisar como as características socioeconômicas e demográficas dos trabalhadores autônomos afetam sua escolha de contribuir ou não para a previdência social. Para isso, utilizaram-se o modelo logit e os dados da PNAD de 2013. Os resultados mostraram que os profissionais liberais apresentam maior probabilidade de contribuir para a previdência que os demais autônomos. A idade e a escolaridade têm grande efeito sobre a probabilidade de o autônomo contribuir para a previdência. O nível de rendimento mensal também é um importante determinante da contribuição previdenciária, principalmente para aqueles que não são profissionais liberais. Residir na região Norte afeta negativa e fortemente as chances de os autônomos contribuírem para a previdência. Além disso, trabalhar no setor educação, saúde e serviços sociais aumenta consideravelmente as chances de os profissionais liberais serem segurados da previdência.
Determinantes Socioeconômicos do Suicídio: um estudo para os municípios do Brasil e do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Fraga Wagner Santana de , Massuquetti Angélica , Godoy Marcia Regina
Published: June 2018

O objetivo do estudo é identificar os determinantes socioeconômicos do suicídio nos municípios do Brasil e do Rio Grande do Sul. Os métodos empregados foram Regressão de Poisson, Binomial Negativa e Quantílica para Dados de Contagem. Os resultados revelaram que a pobreza contribuiu para o número de mortes nos municípios e houve uma relação inversa entre a taxa de desemprego e os suicídios. O nível de dependência agropecuária também afetou o número de casos no Brasil e no estado. Por fim, cor/raça branca e indígena estão entre os principais determinantes das mortes por suicídio nos municípios brasileiros.
Uma análise das principais causas da queda recente na desigualdade de renda brasileira
Authors: Barros Ricardo , De Carvalho Mirela , Franco Samuel , Mendonça Rosane
Published: June 2018

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Pattern, Management, and Outcome of Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Karki Naresh , Singh Vijay , Verma Vinod Kumar
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Poisoning is a significant global public health problem. The appropriate management of poisoning at emergency needs accurate assessment and immediate treatment. The immense chance for better outcomes occurs with early diagnosis and treatment. This study was conducted to assess pattern, management, and outcome of poisoning in tertiary care hospital.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in which records of patients with a diagnosis of poisoning over a period of four years were reviewed.

Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the study. A majority (63%) of them were females. Most (67.4%) were managed by general or supportive measure only. Gastric lavage was done in 60% of total patients while 52.9% patients received activated charcoal. Pralidoxime and atropine was received by 51.1% of patients treated with specific antidote. All the antidotes were administered through intravenous route. Regarding outcome, 89.9% were completely recovered. Suicidal poisoning was significantly higher in married as compared to unmarried patients (p = 0.029). Similarly, there was a significant relationship between occupation of the patients and manner of poisoning (p = 0.003). Outcome of treatment had a significant association with the manner of poisoning (p < 0.001). Further analysis revealed that the patients who expired in the hospital were more likely to ingest poison accidentally.

Conclusion: Suicidal poisoning is common and females are more susceptible. Insecticide and rodenticide are the commonly ingested poisons. Treatment outcome of poisoning cases is generally favorable.
Review of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and its Implications for Death Investigation
Authors: Middleton Owen L. , Bornemann Michel A. Cramer
Published: June 2018

Obstructive sleep apnea is a prevalent disease which if left untreated can negatively impact many physiologic systems, most notably the cardiovascular system, resulting in chronic dysfunction, and even has the potential to present as sudden unexpected death. This review details prevalence of the disease, the physiologic mechanisms which account for its sequelae, clinical diagnosis in the living, treatment options, and morbidity and mortality. Additionally, specific discussion focuses on death investigation where obstructive sleep apnea may have contributed to the death of an individual and implications for death certification.
A Review of Newly Developed Firearms that can Fire Multiple Ammunition Types
Authors: Poulos Christopher K.
Published: June 2018

Firearms have been able to fire multiple calibers and gauges of ammunition for years by means of multiple barrels, switching barrels, switching revolver cylinders, and in some cases firing a limited number of similar ammunition types through a single barrel and cylinder combination. Recently, however, several firearms have been made that can fire a wide variety of relatively dissimilar cartridges without multiple barrels or modifications to the firearm. The most prominent examples of these firearms include the Taurus Judge, the Smith & Wesson 460XVR, and the Smith & Wesson Governor. An awareness of the ability of certain types of firearms to fire multiple ammunition types can benefit a forensic pathologist's ability to interpret gunshot wounds.
Pathologic Findings in Fatal and Nonfatal Asthma
Authors: Wright Joanne L. , Churg Andrew M.
Published: June 2018

Asthma is a common disease in the population and fatal asthma cases are not rare. Patients with fatal asthma not infrequently die outside of hospitals and become forensic cases. The pathologic features of asthma are very variable, but fatal asthma is always characterized by extensive mucous plugs in the airways and lungs that tend to remain inflated when the chest is opened. Other microscopic features that may be seen in asthma include increased amounts of airway smooth muscle, marked thickening of airway basement membranes, goblet cell hyperplasia, and various patterns of airway inflammation including eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Absent a history, a presumptive diagnosis of fatal asthma can be made in a patient whose lungs are hyperinflated and demonstrate numerous mucous plugs in the large airways, and this is usually accompanied by a markedly thickened basement membrane in the large airways on microscopic examination, but the possibility that the fatal asthma attack was precipitated by exogeneous factors such as drugs, fumes, or irritants should be borne in mind.