bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare giant ovarian metastasis arising from a small primary lung adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Wang Baofeng , Jia Youjuan , Wang Jiang , Zhang Zhenjiang , Ding Yilin , Lu Hengxiao
Published: September 2023

This intricate case report details an exceptionally rare incidence of ovarian metastasis originating from a primary lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The relative rarity of this metastatic pathway in medical literature indicates significant diagnostic challenges. This patient was initially found to have both the ovarian tumor and lung nodule and they were originally considered independent primary tumors, derived from radiological interpretations and biomarker profiling. Nevertheless, subsequent postoperative histopathological and immunohistochemical staining evaluations identified ovarian tumors as invasive adenocarcinoma metastasized from lung. The lung and ovary tumor both showed marked anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) protein expression by immunohistochemistry. The molecular pathologic genetic testing for lung tumor also revealed ALK rearrangement positive. The complexity of this case underscores the essentiality of maintaining a high degree of diagnostic vigilance, particularly when confronting synchronous tumors. In addition, immunohistochemical staining plays an important role in diagnosing the ovarian neoplasm's metastatic nature and determining the primary site of metastatic adenocarcinoma. For lung cancer with ovary metastasis patients, the adopting an adaptable treatment approach responsive to evolving diagnostic evidence can improve the accuracy of diagnosis and avoid excessive treatment of patients.
Establishment and application of multiplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay for bovine enterovirus, bovine coronavirus, and bovine rotavirus
Authors: Chen Junzhen , Li Dan , Xu Yafang , Li Zeyu , Ma Siqi , Liu Xinyi , Yuan Yuanyuan , Zhang Chengyuan , Fu Qiang , Shi Huijun
Published: September 2023

Bovine enterovirus (BEV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and bovine rotavirus (BRV) are still the major worldwide concerns in the health care of cattle, causing serious economic losses in the livestock industry. It is urgent to establish specific and sensitive methods to detect viruses for the early control of diseases. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has been proposed to effectively detect viral particles, and it does not involve Ct values or standard curves. In this study, we designed specific primers and probes, based on conserved regions of viral genomes, to optimize protocols for a dual ddPCR assay for detecting BCoV and BRV and a multiplex ddPCR assay for BEV, BCoV, and BRV. Sensitivity assays revealed that the lower limit of detection for qPCR was 1,000 copies/μL and for ddPCR for BEV, BCoV, and BRV, 2.7 copies/μL, 1 copy/μL and 2.4 copies/μL, respectively. Studying 82 samples collected from diarrheal calves on a farm, our dual ddPCR method detected BCoV, BRV, and co-infection at rates of 18.29%, 14.63%, and 6.1%, respectively. In contrast, conventional qPCR methods detected BCoV, BRV, and co-infection at rates of 10.98%, 12.2%, and 3.66%, respectively. On the other hand, studying 68 samples from another farm, qPCR detected BCoV, BRV, BEV, and co-infection of BCoV and BEV at rates of 14.49%, 1.45%, 5.80%, and 1.45%, respectively. Our multiplex ddPCR method detected BCoV, BRV, BEV, co-infection of BCoV and BEV, and co-infection of BRV and BEV. at rates of 14.49%, 2.9%, 8.7%, 2.9%, and 1.45%, respectively. Studying 93 samples from another farm, qPCR detected BCoV, BRV, BEV, and co-infection of BCoV and BEV was detected at rates of 5.38%, 1.08%, 18.28%, and 1.08%, respectively. Co-infection of BCoV, BRV, BEV, BCoV, and BEV, and co-infection of BRV and BEV, were detected by multiplex ddPCR methods at rates of 5.38%, 2.15%, 20.45%, 1.08%, and 1.08%, respectively. These results indicated that our optimized dual and multiplex ddPCR methods were more effective than conventional qPCR assays to detect these viral infections.
Economics of East Coast fever: a literature review
Authors: Surve Aditi A. , Hwang Jae Young , Manian Shanthi , Onono Joshua Orungo , Yoder Jonathan
Published: September 2023

East Coast fever (ECF) is a cattle disease caused by a protozoan parasite called Theileria parva (T. parva). Theileria parva is transmitted among cattle by ticks. It is endemic in parts of central, eastern, and southern Africa and imposes an economic burden through illness and death of approximately a half of a billion U.S. dollars annually. This paper reviews existing science on the economics of ECF. We utilize a conceptual model that defines primary categories of economic costs due to ECF and use it to organize a synthesis of the literature on aggregate and micro level direct costs of the disease and the costs and benefits related to various ECF management strategies. We then identify knowledge gaps to motivate for future research.
Response of the Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interaction to Disturbances Induced by the Plasma Discharge
Authors: Vishnyakov Oleg , Polivanov Pavel , Sidorenko Andrey
Published: September 2023

The paper focuses on the investigation of unsteady effects in shock wave/boundary layer interaction. The study was carried out using a flat plate model subjected to a free stream Mach number of 1.43 and a unit Reynolds number (Re1) of 11.5 × 106 1/m. To generate two-dimensional disturbances in the laminar boundary layer upstream of the separation region, a dielectric barrier discharge was employed. The disturbances were generated within the frequency range of 500 to 1700 Hz. The Strouhal numbers based on the length of the separation bubble ranged from 0.04 to 0.13. The measurements were carried out using a hot-wire anemometer. Analysis of the data shows that disturbances in this frequency range mostly decay. The maximum amplitudes of perturbations were observed at frequencies of 1250 Hz and 1700 Hz.
Combustion Characteristics of HTPB-Based Hybrid Rocket Fuels: Using Nickel Oxide as the Polymer Matrix Pyrolysis Catalyst
Authors: Yu Hongsheng , Yu Xiaodong , Gao Hongwei , DeLuca Luigi T. , Zhang Wei , Shen Ruiqi
Published: September 2023

The slow regression rate induced by the high pyrolysis difficulty has limited the application and development of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based fuels in hybrid rocket propulsion. Nickel oxide (NiO) shows the possibility of increasing the regression rate of HTPB-based fuels by catalyzing the pyrolysis process of the polymer matrix in our previous investigation; hence, this paper studies the NiO particles in the thermal decomposition and combustion of HTPB fuel grains. The DSC/TG test shows that NiO can intensely decrease the thermal stability of HTPB, and the catalytic effect of NiO is mainly reflected in the final decomposition stages of polybutadiene components. 5 wt% NiO enhances the regression rate by 19.4% and 13.7% under an oxygen mass flux of 50 kg/m2s and 150 kg/m2s, respectively. Further investigation shows that NiO particles will also cause the reduction of combustion heat and the agglomeration at the regressing surface while catalyzing the pyrolysis process, improving the thermal conductivity, and promoting the radiative heat transfer of the HTPB-based fuels; thus, more NiO additive (5 wt% < [NiO] ≤ 10 wt%) does not lead to a faster regression rate in HTPB-based fuels. This study demonstrates the catalytic effect of NiO on the polymer matrix for HTPB-based fuels, showing the attractive application prospects of this additive in HTPB-containing fuel grains.
The Impact of Consumer Loyalty and Customer Satisfaction in the New Agricultural Value Chain
Authors: Shyu Chin-Shyang , Yen Chun-Chang , Lin Cheng-Sheng
Published: September 2023

Affected by advances in artificial intelligence and awareness of green environmentalism, consumers’ purchasing behavior of fresh agricultural products has been transformed. New agricultural value chains are being created, such as the new retail model. This study used principal component analysis (PCA) to select essential factors of online consumer behavior and adopted multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) to analyze the consumer behavior of Fresh Hema, a new retail format completely reconstructed by Alibaba for offline supermarkets, under different levels of the new retail model. The study adopted an online questionnaire of the consumer behavior of Fresh Hema in 2022. The results show that playfulness and epidemic prevention positively impacted customer satisfaction; convenience benefits and green logistics had the most significant positive impact on customer loyalty.
Automated Mapping of Cropland Boundaries Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Gafurov Artur
Published: September 2023

Accurately identifying the boundaries of agricultural land is critical to the effective management of its resources. This includes the determination of property and land rights, the prevention of non-agricultural activities on agricultural land, and the effective management of natural resources. There are various methods for accurate boundary detection, including traditional measurement methods and remote sensing, and the choice of the best method depends on specific objectives and conditions. This paper proposes the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as an efficient and effective tool for the automatic recognition of agricultural land boundaries. The objective of this research paper is to develop an automated method for the recognition of agricultural land boundaries using deep neural networks and Sentinel 2 multispectral imagery. The Buinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, which is known to be an agricultural region, was chosen for this study because of the importance of the accurate detection of its agricultural land boundaries. Linknet, a deep neural network architecture with skip connections between encoder and decoder, was used for semantic segmentation to extract arable land boundaries, and transfer learning using a pre-trained EfficientNetB3 model was used to improve performance. The Linknet + EfficientNetB3 combination for semantic segmentation achieved an accuracy of 86.3% and an f1 measure of 0.924 on the validation sample. The results showed a high degree of agreement between the predicted field boundaries and the expert-validated boundaries. According to the results, the advantages of the method include its speed, scalability, and ability to detect patterns outside the study area. It is planned to improve the method by using different neural network architectures and prior recognized land use classes.
A Systematic Review of Canine Cystectomy: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes
Authors: Hildebrandt Isabella , Culp William T. N. , Griffin Maureen A.
Published: September 2023

This review provides a summary of the literature encompassing partial and total cystectomy procedures in dogs and subsequent conclusions that can be drawn. Surgical excision as a component of treatment for lower urinary tract neoplasia in dogs may enhance survival time and result in acceptable quality of life, though risk for surgical complications is substantial, particularly following total cystectomy procedures. However, for dogs with urothelial carcinoma, cystectomy is generally not considered curative and disease progression is common. Appropriate case selection and thorough preoperative discussion with owners regarding potential risks and benefits of cystectomy are imperative for successful outcomes.
Identifying Early-Life Behavior to Predict Mothering Ability in Swine Utilizing NUtrack System
Authors: Millburn Savannah , Schmidt Ty , Rohrer Gary A. , Mote Benny
Published: September 2023

Early indicator traits for swine reproduction and longevity support economical selection decision-making. Activity is a key variable impacting a sow’s herd life and productivity. Early-life activities could contribute to farrowing traits including gestation length (GL), number born alive (NBA), and number weaned (NW). Beginning at 20 weeks of age, 480 gilts were video recorded for 7 consecutive days and processed using the NUtrack system. Activity traits included angle rotated (radians), average speed (m/s), distance traveled (m), time spent eating (s), lying lateral (s), lying sternal (s), standing (s), and sitting (s). Final daily activity values were averaged across the period under cameras. Parity one data were collected for all gilts considered. Data were analyzed using linear regression models (R version 4.0.2). GL was significantly impacted by angle rotated (p = 0.03), average speed (p = 0.07), distance traveled (p = 0.05), time spent lying lateral (p = 0.003), and lying sternal (0.02). NBA was significantly impacted by time spent lying lateral (p = 0.01), lying sternal (p = 0.07), and time spent sitting (p = 0.08). NW was significantly impacted by time spent eating (p = 0.09), time spent lying lateral (p = 0.04), and time spent sitting (p = 0.007). This analysis suggests early-life gilt activities are associated with sow productivity traits of importance. Further examination of the link between behaviors compiled utilizing NUtrack and reproductive traits is necessitated to further isolate behavioral differences for potential use in selection decisions.
Urban Human–Coyote Conflicts: Assessing Friendliness as an Indicator of Coexistence
Authors: Whitley Cameron T. , Bowers Melanie M. , Grantz Harriett
Published: September 2023

Human–coyote sightings and interactions are becoming more frequent in urban areas across North and Central America. While many species have lost territory, the coyote range has expanded. Relatively recently, ecologists have coalesced around the idea that coexistence is the most promising avenue to reduce human–coyote conflict in urban areas. Despite this, calls for the eradication of coyotes continue. We apply and extend the theory of survival of the friendliest to evaluate how the media is framing coyotes and management strategies and what the implications of this framing might be. Through a content analysis of newspaper articles from three different urban areas in the US (Los Angeles, CA; Seattle, WA; and Boston, MA), from 2000 to 2022, we find that friendly language is used to promote coexistence, while unfriendly language (threat, hostile, unfriendly, and danger) is used to justify eradication. We also find considerable variation in the type of coverage and consistency with scientific consensus across cities, likely reflecting the cities’ varied histories and cultural understandings of the species. Given the media’s influence on the public’s views of coyotes and their support for management strategies, these findings suggest that the media plays a central role in shaping coyote–human relationships and management strategies.
Replacing Fertilizer with Dried Distillers’ Grains in Stocker Cattle Systems on Southern Great Plains Old World Bluestem, USA
Authors: Wallis Brody D. , Gunter Phillip A. , Horn Gerald W. , Reuter Ryan , Arnall Brian , Warren Jason , Lancaster Sarah R. , Lancaster Phillip A.
Published: September 2023

The objective was to examine the effects of dried distillers’ grains supplementation and fertilization strategies on the cattle performance and resource use efficiency of stocker cattle grazing on Plains Old World bluestem. Over 4 consecutive years, heifers and steers (average n = 239) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) low input, low stocking density, and no fertilizer or distillers grains supplementation (LOW); (2) high stocking density and no fertilizer with distillers grains supplementation (DDGS); (3) high stocking density and 90 kg of nitrogen/ha with no distillers grains supplementation (NFERT); (4) high stocking density, 90 kg of nitrogen/ha, and 39 kg of phosphorus/ha with no distillers grains supplementation (NPFERT). Cattle grazed in the pastures from mid-May to mid-September each year, except for 2011, when the experiment ended in July due to lack of forage. Data were analyzed using a linear model with fixed effects of treatment, year, and treatment × year (R software). Nitrogen use efficiency (retained/inputs) was affected by a treatment × year interaction, where LOW had the greatest efficiency in all years and DDGS was greater than NFERT and NPFERT in all years except 2012, with NFERT and NPFERT being not different in all years. The estimated total carbon equivalent emissions were greater for DDGS, NFERT, and NPFERT than LOW, but the carbon footprint (kg CO2eq/kg weight gain) was lesser for LOW and DDGS, which were not different, than NFERT and NPFERT, which were also not different. Replacing nitrogen fertilizer with dried distiller’s grains improved the cattle performance and the efficiency of resource use, and could be a viable economic alternative to traditional systems.
Polyclonal Multidrug ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Emergence of Susceptible Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae ST23 Isolates in Mozambique
Authors: Sumbana José João , Santona Antonella , Abdelmalek Nader , Fiamma Maura , Deligios Massimo , Manjate Alice , Sacarlal Jahit , Rubino Salvatore , Paglietti Bianca
Published: September 2023

Globally, antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella spp. cause healthcare-associated infections with high mortality rates, and the rise of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) poses a significant threat to human health linked to community-acquired infections and increasing non-susceptibility. We investigated the phenotypic and genetic features of 36 Klebsiella isolates recovered from invasive infections at Hospital Central of Maputo in Mozambique during one year. The majority of the isolates displayed multidrug resistance (MDR) (29/36) to cephalosporins, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole but retained susceptibility to amikacin, carbapenems, and colistin. Most isolates were ESBLs-producing (28/36), predominantly carrying the blaCTX-M-15 and other beta-lactamase genes (blaSHV, blaTEM-1, and blaOXA-1). Among the 16 genomes sequenced, multiple resistance genes from different antibiotic classes were identified, with blaCTX-M-15, mostly in the ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-15-orf477 genetic environment, co-existing with blaTEM-1 and aac(3)-IIa in five isolates. Our results highlight the presence of polyclonal MDR ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae from eight sequence types (ST), mostly harbouring distinct yersiniabactin within the conjugative integrative element (ICE). Further, we identified susceptible hvKp ST23, O1-K1-type isolates carrying yersiniabactin (ybt1/ICEKp10), colibactin, salmochelin, aerobactin, and hypermucoid locus (rmpADC), associated with severe infections in humans. These findings are worrying and underline the importance of implementing surveillance strategies to avoid the risk of the emergence of the most threatening MDR hvKp.
Antioxidant, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Anti-Skin Pathogenic Bacterial Activities and Phytochemical Compositions of Corn Silk Extracts, and Stability of Corn Silk Facial Cream Product
Authors: Yucharoen Raenu , Srisuksomwong Pawalee , Julsrigival Jakaphun , Mungmai Lapatrada , Kaewkod Thida , Tragoolpua Yingmanee
Published: September 2023

Zea mays L. Poaceae stigma (corn silk, CS) is a byproduct of agricultural waste and is used as a traditional herb in many countries. CS is rich in chemical compounds known to benefit human health and is also a remedy for infectious diseases and has anti-proliferative effects on human cancer cell lines. In the present study, CS extract has been evaluated for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-tyrosinase activities and its phytochemical composition. The higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in the ethanolic extract of corn silk (CSA), at 28.27 ± 0.86 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 4.71 ± 0.79 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant content of CSA was found at 5.22 ± 0.87 and 13.20 ± 0.42 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract using DPPH and reducing power assays. Furthermore, the ethanolic extract of corn silk showed tyrosinase inhibition with an IC50 value of 12.45 µg/mL. The bacterial growth inhibition of CSA was tested using agar disc diffusion and broth dilution assays against Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It was found that CSA inhibited C. acnes and S. epidermidis with an inhibition zone of 11.7 ± 1.2 and 9.3 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. Moreover, the CSA showed MIC/MBC of 15.625 mg/mL against C. acnes. The following phytochemical compounds were detected in CSA: cardiac glycosides; n-hexadecanoic acid; hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; oleic acid; and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester. After the corn silk cream product was formulated, the product demonstrated stability without phase separation. This research is beneficial for promoting effective ways to use agricultural waste while utilizing the antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and antibacterial activities of corn silk. Moreover, the use of technology and innovation to obtain high-value CS extract will benefit the development of commercial cosmetic products by providing safe, natural, and quality ingredients to the consumer.
Antioxidant Use after Diagnosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): A Systematic Review of Application during Radiotherapy and in Second Primary Cancer Prevention
Authors: Meliante Piero Giuseppe , Petrella Carla , Fiore Marco , Minni Antonio , Barbato Christian
Published: September 2023

Approximately 5–20% of HNSCC patients experience second primary cancers within the first 5 years of treatment, contributing to high mortality rates. Epidemiological evidence has linked a low dietary intake of antioxidants to an increased risk of cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma, prompting research into their potential in neoplasm chemoprevention. Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for HNSCC, and a diet rich in antioxidants offers protective effects against head and neck cancer. Paradoxically, smokers, who are at the highest risk, tend to consume fewer antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables. This has led to the hypothesis that integrating antioxidants into the diet could play a role in both primary and secondary prevention for at-risk individuals. Furthermore, some HNSCC patients use antioxidant supplements during chemotherapy or radiotherapy to manage side effects, but their impact on cancer outcomes remains uncertain. This systematic review explores the evidence for the potential use of antioxidants in preventing second primary cancers in HNSCC patients. In conclusion, none of the antioxidants tested so far (α-tocopherol, β-carotene, JP, Isotretinoin, interferon α-2a, vitamin E, retinyl palmitate, N-acetylcysteine) was effective in preventing second primary tumors in HNSCC patients, and they could only be used in reducing the side effects of radiotherapy. Further research is needed to better understand the interplay between antioxidants and cancer outcomes in this context.
Exploring the Potential of Olive Flounder Processing By-Products as a Source of Functional Ingredients for Muscle Enhancement
Authors: Hyun Jimin , Kang Sang-In , Lee Sang-Woon , Amarasiri R. P. G. S. K. , Nagahawatta D. P. , Roh Yujin , Wang Lei , Ryu Bomi , Jeon You-Jin
Published: September 2023

Olive flounder (OF) is a widely aqua-cultivated and recognized socioeconomic resource in Korea. However, more than 50% of by-products are generated when processing one OF, and there is no proper way to utilize them. With rising awareness and interest in eco-friendly bio-materialization recycling, this research investigates the potential of enzymatic hydrolysis of OF by-products (OFB) to produce functional ingredients. Various enzymatic hydrolysates of OFB (OFBEs) were generated using 11 commercial enzymes. Among them, Prozyme 2000P-assisted OFBE (OFBP) exhibited the highest protein content and yield, as well as low molecularization. The muscle regenerative potential of OFBEs was evaluated using C2C12 myoblasts, revealing that OFBP positively regulated myoblast differentiation. In an in vitro Dex-induced myotube atrophy model, OFBP protected against muscle atrophy and restored myotube differentiation and Dex-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, zebrafish treated with OFBEs showed improved locomotor activity and body weight, with OFBP exhibiting outstanding restoration in the Dex-induced muscle atrophy zebrafish in vivo model. In conclusion, OFBEs, particularly OFBP, produce hydrolysates with enhanced physiological usability and muscle regenerative potential. Further research on its industrial application and mechanistic insights is needed to realize its potential as a high-quality protein food ingredient derived from OF processing by-products.
Nanoencapsulation of Anthocyanins from Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata f. rubra) through Coacervation of Whey Protein Isolate and Apple High Methoxyl Pectin
Authors: Fierri Ilaria , De Marchi Laura , Chignola Roberto , Rossin Giacomo , Bellumori Maria , Perbellini Anna , Mancini Ines , Romeo Alessandro , Ischia Gloria , Saorin Asia , Mainente Federica , Zoccatelli Gianni
Published: September 2023

Encapsulation is a valuable strategy to protect and deliver anthocyanins (ACNs), phenolic compounds with outstanding antioxidant capacity but limited stability. In this study, coacervation was used to encapsulate an ACN-rich red cabbage extract (RCE). Two agri-food by-product polymers, whey protein isolate (WPI) and apple high-methoxyl pectin (HMP), were blended at pH 4.0 in a specific ratio to induce the formation of nanoparticles (NPs). The process optimisation yielded a monodispersed population (PDI < 0.200) of negatively charged (−17 mV) NPs with an average diameter of 380 nm. RCE concentration influenced size, charge, and antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner. NPs were also sensitive to pH increases from 4 to 7, showing a progressive breakdown. The encapsulation efficiency was 30%, with the retention of ACNs within the polymeric matrix being influenced by their chemical structure: diacylated and/or C3-triglucoside forms were more efficiently encapsulated than monoacylated C3-diglucosides. In conclusion, we report a promising, simple, and sustainable method to produce monodispersed NPs for ACN encapsulation and delivery. Evidence of differential binding of ACNs to NPs, dependent on specific acylation/glycosylation patterns, indicates that care must be taken in the choice of the appropriate NP formulation for the encapsulation of phenolic compounds.
Sensitivity Analysis of Regression-Based Trend Estimates to Input Errors in Spatial Downscaling of Coarse Resolution Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Kwak Geun-Ho , Hong Sungwook , Park No-Wook
Published: September 2023

This paper compared the predictive performance of different regression models for trend component estimation in the spatial downscaling of coarse resolution satellite data using area-to-point regression kriging in the context of the sensitivity to input data errors. Three regression models, linear regression, random forest, and support vector regression, were applied to trend component estimation. An experiment on downscaling synthetic Landsat data with different noise levels demonstrated that a regression model with higher explanatory power and residual correction led to the highest predictive performance only when the input coarse resolution data were assumed to be error-free. Through an experiment on spatial downscaling of coarse resolution monthly Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 soil moisture products with significant errors, we found that the higher explanatory power of regression models did not always lead to better predictive performance. The residual correction and normalization of trend components also degraded the predictive performance. Using trend components as a final downscaling result showed the best performance in both experiments as the input errors increased. As the predictive performance of spatial downscaling results is susceptible to input errors, the findings of this study should be considered to evaluate downscaling results and develop advanced spatial downscaling methods.
The Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Effect on Drying Kinetics and Chosen Quality Aspects of Freeze-Dried Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) and Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Larvae
Authors: Bogusz Radosław , Pobiega Katarzyna , Rybak Katarzyna , Wiktor Artur , Parniakov Oleksii , Smetana Sergiy , Nowacka Małgorzata
Published: September 2023

Freeze drying is employed as one of the most effective preservation techniques, allowing dried material to be obtained characterized by high-quality properties. However, it also stands out as being one of the most energy-intensive methods and, consequently, expensive processes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine how the application of pulsed electric field (PEF) at 5 and 20 kJ/kg impacts the drying kinetics and the final quality of freeze-dried insects, including chemical composition, physical properties, and microbiological quality. For PEF-treated samples, a comparable content of protein (35.7–37.4 for H. illucens, 45.4–48.0 for T. molitor) to the untreated sample (35.8 for H. illucens and 48.0 for T. molitor) was noted. There were no significant distinctions found in the rehydration and hygroscopic characteristics across most tested samples. However, microtomography of freeze-dried H. illucens and T. molitor larvae unveils notable alterations in their internal structures influenced by both their species and the pre-treatment applied. The PEF-treated and freeze-dried H. illucens larvae exhibited a notably darker color (34.7–34.9) compared to the untreated sample (42.1), while a relatively consistent lightness for T. molitor larvae was observed. The performed study outlines that PEF treatment did not enhance the freeze-drying process of insect biomass and did not exhibit suitable microbiological quality for food purposes. Only fungi exhibited greater susceptibility to the effects of PEF treatment in comparison to bacteria, resulting in a reduction of 1.9 to 2.6 log cycles. Furthermore, PEF treatment did not negatively affect valuable compounds such as protein or fat.
Exploration of Vegetation Change Trend in the Greater Khingan Mountains Area of China Based on EEMD Method
Authors: Fan Wenrui , Zhou Hongmin , Wang Changjing , Zhang Guodong , Ma Wu , Wang Qian
Published: September 2023

Vegetation, especially forest ecosystems, plays an important role in the global energy flow and material cycle. The vegetation index (VI) is an important index reflecting the dynamic change in vegetation and directly reflects the response of ecosystem to global climate change. The Greater Khingan Mountains Forest region is located in the northeast of China. It is the largest primeval forest region in China, which is well preserved and less affected by human activities. It is of great significance to study the driving mechanism of forest vegetation change for future ecological prediction and management. In this study, GIMMS NDVI data were used to explore the characteristics of nonlinear temporal and spatial variation of NDVI in the Greater Khingan Mountains and its relationship with climatic factors. Firstly, the EEMD method was used to analyze the characteristics of vegetation change in the study area from 1982 to 2015. Secondly, the relationship between vegetation change and climate was discussed by using precipitation and temperature data. The results showed that the following: (1) from 1982 to 2015, the interannual change in vegetation in the Greater Khingan Mountains presented a trend of slow fluctuation and gradual decrease (SLOPE = −0.1645/10,000, p < 0.01). (2) The spatial distribution of vegetation change had obvious geographical differences, and in the central region, the overall distribution characteristics had an obvious browning trend, and in the northwest and southeast, the distribution characteristics had a green trend. (3) The correlation analysis results of vegetation change and climate factors showed that NDVI change was significantly positively correlated with temperature and precipitation; additionally, NDVI change was more correlated with temperature with a range of 0.8–1 than precipitation. (4) The results of vegetation attribution analysis in four typical areas of the study area showed that the following: the coniferous forest area has good cold tolerance and drought tolerance, the correlation between vegetation change and climate factors (temperature, precipitation) was not the strongest, which was 0.537 and 0.828, respectively. The ecological transition area and the broad-leaved forest area, which was located at the edge of the study area, have relatively fragile ecosystems, showed a strong correlation with precipitation, and the correlation coefficients reached 0.670 and 0.632, respectively. The surface water resources provide favorable conditions for the growth of vegetation, it showed a weak correlation with precipitation, and the correlation coefficient was 0.5349.
Evaluation and Projection of Climate Change in the Second Songhua River Basin Using CMIP6 Model Simulations
Authors: Xiao Heng , Zhuo Yue , Sun Hong , Pang Kaiwen , An Zhijia
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the Global Climate Model (GCM) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in historical simulations of temperature and precipitation. The goal is to select the best performing GCMs for future projection of temperature and precipitation in the Second Songhua River Basin under multiple shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Interannual variability skill (IVS) and Taylor diagrams are used to evaluate the spatiotemporal performance of GCMs against temperature and precipitation data published by the China Meteorological Science Commons during 1956–2016. In addition, five relatively independent models are selected to simulate the temperature and precipitation for 2021–2050 using Hierarchical Clustering. The selected models are CMCC-ESM2, EC-Earth3-Veg-LR, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC-ES2L, and MPI-ESM1-2-HR. The projected results find that SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios show an increasing trend of future annual mean temperature and precipitation. However, for annual precipitation, there is a mixed state of increase and decrease among different models on the seasonal scale. In general, future temperature and precipitation changes still show a trend of growth and uneven distribution in the Second Songhua River Basin, which may be further accelerated by human activities.
Trace Elements Concentrations in Urban Air in Helsinki, Finland during a 44-Year Period
Authors: Ioannidou Eleftheria , Papagiannis Stefanos , Manousakas Manousos Ioannis , Betsou Chrysoula , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Paatero Jussi , Papadopoulou Lambrini , Ioannidou Alexandra
Published: September 2023

The atmospheric concentrations of seventeen elements were measured in air filters at the Finnish Meteorological Institute station in Helsinki, Finland, during a period of 44 years (1962–2005). The mean annual concentrations were calculated and are presented from the lowest values to the highest ones Cr < Ni < Ti < Br < V < Mn < Cu < Zn < Cl < Al < Fe < K < Ca < Na < Pb < Si < S. Most of the elements (Fe, Si, Ti, K, Ca, Zn, Br, Pb, V, Ni, S, Cr, Na, Al, and Cl) present higher values during spring and winter season, while in summer the elements (Ti, Ca, S, and Na) are found in higher concentrationsdue to the weather conditions across seasons and the sources and emissions of air pollutants. There is a strong correlation between the elements (V-Ni, Si-Pb, Fe-Ca, V-Cr, Si-K, K-Ca, Fe-Ti, K-Na, Si-Ca, and V-S), indicating their common source. The identification of the sources of trace elements was performed based on positive matrix factorization analysis, using SoFi software. Four Suspended Particulate Matter (PM) sources were identified: road dust (due to usage of leaded fuel), heavy oil combustion/secondary sulfates, traffic emissions, and natural dust (soil). For the total of 44 years studied, significant decreases in concentrations were observed for all elements, most of which were over 50%: Na (−74%), Al (−86%), Si (−88%), S (−82%), K (−82%), Ca (−89%), Ti (−80%), V (−89%), Cr (−82%), Mn (−77%), Fe (−77%), Ni (−61%), Zn (−72%), and Pb (−95%). In general, a significant decline has been observed in the majority of the elemental concentrations since the end of the 1970s, underlying the effectiveness of different environmental policies that have been applied during the last few decades.
A Novel Dual-Function Redox Modulator Relieves Oxidative Stress and Anti-Angiogenic Response in Placental Villus Explant Exposed to Hypoxia—Relevance for Preeclampsia Therapy
Authors: Pintye Diana , Sziva Réka E. , Mastyugin Maxim , Young Brett C. , Jacas Sonako , Török Marianna , Salahuddin Saira , Jagtap Prakash , Southan Garry J. , Zsengellér Zsuzsanna K.
Published: September 2023

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe, life-threatening complication during pregnancy (~5–7%), and no causative treatment is available. Early aberrant spiral artery remodeling is associated with placental stress and the release of oxygen radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the placenta. This precedes the production of anti-angiogenic factors, which ultimately leads to endothelial and trophoblast damage and the key features of PE. We tested whether a novel dual-function redox modulator—AKT-1005—can effectively reduce placental oxidative stress and alleviate PE symptoms in vitro. Method: Isolated human villous explants were exposed to hypoxia and assessed to determine whether improving cell-redox function with AKT-1005 diminished ROS production, mitochondrial stress, production of the transcription factor HIF1A, and downstream anti-angiogenic responses (i.e., sFLT1, sEng production). MitoTEMPO was used as a reference antioxidant. Results: In our villous explant assays, pretreatment with AKT-1005 reduced mitochondrial-derived ROS production, reduced HIF-1A, sFLT1, and sEng protein expression, while increasing VEGF in hypoxia-exposed villous trophoblast cells, with better efficiency than MitoTEMPO. In addition, AKT-1005 improved mitochondrial electron chain enzyme activity in the stressed explant culture. Conclusions: The redox modulator AKT-1005 has the potential to intervene with oxidative stress and can be efficacious for PE therapy. Future studies are underway to assess the in vivo efficacy of HMP.
Signaling Roleplay between Ion Channels during Mammalian Sperm Capacitation
Authors: Benko Filip , Urminská Dana , Ďuračka Michal , Tvrdá Eva
Published: September 2023

In order to accomplish their primary goal, mammalian spermatozoa must undergo a series of physiological, biochemical, and functional changes crucial for the acquisition of fertilization ability. Spermatozoa are highly polarized cells, which must swiftly respond to ionic changes on their passage through the female reproductive tract, and which are necessary for male gametes to acquire their functional competence. This review summarizes the current knowledge about specific ion channels and transporters located in the mammalian sperm plasma membrane, which are intricately involved in the initiation of changes within the ionic milieu of the sperm cell, leading to variations in the sperm membrane potential, membrane depolarization and hyperpolarization, changes in sperm motility and capacitation to further lead to the acrosome reaction and sperm–egg fusion. We also discuss the functionality of selected ion channels in male reproductive health and/or disease since these may become promising targets for clinical management of infertility in the future.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles–Bacillus sp. MKUST-01 Exopolysaccharide (SeNPs–EPS) Conjugate for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ramachandran Thirumalaivasan , Manoharan Devaprakash , Natesan Sivakumar , Rajaram Shyam Kumar , Karuppiah Ponmurugan , Shaik Mohammed Rafi , Khan Mujeeb , Shaik Baji
Published: September 2023

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are exogenous microbial metabolites generated predominantly during the development of bacteria. They have several biological potentials, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer actions. Polysaccharide-coated nanoparticles have high biological activity and are used in treatments and diagnostics. In this research, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are synthesized and conjugated with bacterial (Bacillus sp. MKUST-01) exopolysaccharide (EPS). Initially, the creation of SeNPs conjugates was verified through UV–Vis spectral examination, which exhibited a prominent peak at 264 nm. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis further substantiated the existence of crystalline Se, as evidenced by a robust reflection at 29.78°. Another reflection observed at 23.76° indicated the presence of carbon originating from the EPS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the EPS capped with SeNPs displayed characteristic peaks at 3425 cm−1, 2926 cm−1, 1639 cm−1, and 1411 cm−1, corresponding to the presence of O-H, C-H, C=O, and COO–groups. The SeNPs themselves were found to possess elongated rod-shaped structures with lengths ranging from 250 to 550 nm and a diameter of less than 70 nm, as confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. In contrast to the SeNPs, the SeNPs–EPS conjugates showed no hemolytic activity. The overall antioxidant activity of SeNPs–EPS conjugates outperformed 20% higher than SeNPs and EPS. Additionally, experimental observations involving gnotobiotic Artemia nauplii experiments were also recorded, such as the supplementation of EPS and SeNPs–EPS conjugates corresponding to enhanced growth and increased survival rates compared to Artemia nauplii fed with SeNPs and a microalgal diet.
Minimal Clinically Important Differences in EQ-5D-5L Index and VAS after a Respiratory Muscle Training Program in Individuals Experiencing Long-Term Post-COVID-19 Symptoms
Authors: del Corral Tamara , Fabero-Garrido Raúl , Plaza-Manzano Gustavo , Navarro-Santana Marcos José , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , López-de-Uralde-Villanueva Ibai
Published: September 2023

The primary aim of this study was to determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the EuroQol-5D questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) index and visual analogic scale (VAS) in individuals experiencing long-term post-COVID-19 symptoms. In addition, it was pretended to determine which variable discriminates better and to compare changes between individuals classified by the MCID. Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial involving 42 individuals who underwent an 8-week intervention in a respiratory muscle training program. Results: A change of at least 0.262 and 7.5 for the EQ-5D-5L index and VAS represented the MCID, respectively. Only the EQ-5D-5L VAS showed acceptable discrimination between individuals who were classified as “improved” and those classified as “stable/not improved” (area under the curve = 0.78), although with a low Youden index (Youden index, 0.39; sensitivity, 46.2%; specificity, 93.1%). Those individuals who exceeded the established MCID for EQ-5D-5L VAS had significantly greater improvements in inspiratory muscle function, exercise tolerance, and peripheral muscle strength compared to participants classified as “stable/not improved”. Conclusions: Only the EQ-5D-5L VAS, especially when MCID was exceeded, showed an acceptable discriminative ability to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention in individuals with long-term post-COVID-19 symptoms.
Dynamic System Stability Modeling Approach with Sparrow-Inspired Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Xia Tianqi , Zhang Mingming , Wang Shaohong
Published: September 2023

Aiming at the accurate prediction of the inception of instability in a compressor, a dynamic system stability model is proposed based on a sparrow-inspired meta-heuristic optimization algorithm in this article. To achieve this goal, a spatial mode is employed for flow field feature extraction and modeling object acquisition. The nonlinear characteristic presented in the system is addressed using fuzzy entropy as the identification strategy to provide a basis for instability determination. Using Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) optimization, a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is achieved for the performance prediction of system status. A Logistic SSA solution is first established to seek the optimal parameters of the RBFNN to enhance prediction accuracy and stability. On the basis of the RBFNN-LSSA hybrid model, the stall inception is detected about 35.8 revolutions in advance using fuzzy entropy identification. To further improve the multi-step network model, a Tent SSA is introduced to promote the accuracy and robustness of the model. A wider range of potential solutions within the TSSA are explored by incorporating the Tent mapping function. The TSSA-based optimization method proves a suitable adaptation for complex nonlinear dynamic modeling. And this method demonstrates superior performance, achieving 42 revolutions of advance warning with multi-step prediction. This RBFNN-TSSA model represents a novel and promising approach to the application of system modeling. These findings contribute to enhancing the abnormal warning capability of dynamic systems in compressors.
The Synergy Zone: Connecting the Mind, Brain, and Heart for the Ideal Classroom Learning Environment
Authors: Zadina Janet N.
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a new perspective on implementing neuroeducation in the classroom. The pandemic exacerbated the mental health issues of faculty and students, creating a mental health crisis that impairs learning. It is important to get our students back in “the zone”, both cognitively and emotionally, by creating an ideal learning environment for capturing our students and keeping them—the Synergy Zone. Research that examines the classroom environment often focuses on the foreground—instructors’ organizational and instructional aspects and content. However, the emotional climate of the classroom affects student well-being. This emotional climate would ideally exhibit the brain states of engagement, attention, connection, and enjoyment by addressing the mind, brain, and heart. This ideal learning environment would be achieved by combining proposed practices derived from three areas of research: flow theory, brain synchronization, and positive emotion with heart engagement. Each of these enhances the desired brain states in a way that the whole is greater than the sum of the individual parts. I call this the Synergy Zone. A limitation of this proposed model is that implementation of some aspects may be challenging, and professional development resources might be needed. This essay presenting this perspective provides the relevant scientific research and the educational implications of implementation.