bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING IN SELECTION OF CITIES PERFORMANCE OF NON SMOKING AREA AND TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENTS, PROMOTIONS AND SPONSORS BAN
Authors: Herdi Tazkiyah , Dores Ardiansyah , Masya Fajar
Published: October 2022

Decision support system is growing and getting a lot of attention from researchers and practitioners to help evaluate and rank several industrial sectors. Previous researches have implemented a decision support system in various industries, such as the clinical industry, human resources, and others. However, evaluation of the measurement of the implementation level does not yet exist in the implementation of the non-smoking area and tobacco advertisements, promotional, and sponsor ban. To control active smokers, regional governments are supported by the central government issuing regional regulations about Non- Smoking Area and Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsoring (TAPS). This paper aims to measure the level of implementation of non-smoking area and tobacco advertisements, promotional, and sponsor ban. This study using the integrated survey simple additive weighting method. Integrated survey simple additive weighting is collecting survey data that is integrated with each region and calculates survey results by looking for weighted sums of rating indicators for each alternative on all attributes.
ACCURACY OPTIMIZATION OF KWH HIGH VOLTAGE CONSUMER TRANSACTIONS WITH SELECTION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT) RATIO IN ACCORDANCE WITH CONTRACTED POWER
Authors: Soewono Soetjipto , Hadi Nanang
Published: October 2022

The greater growth of electricity consumption, especially for high voltage consumers, it is important for PLN to know the effect of the current transformer (CT) error ratio in the accuracy of the kwh of electricity transactions, by researching the error ratio of CT 400/1 and 800/1 R, S, and T phase. When the contracted power of 120 MVA can be used CT class 0.2s ratio 400/1 and 800/1 ratio, when using CT class 0.2s ratio 400/1 then the kwh meter can be set according to the CT ratio that is the ratio 400/1 because CT ratio 400/1 has a negative error ratio at loads below 73.59%, and positive error ratio at loads over 73.59% up to 100% load, and` when using CT class 0.2s ratio 800/1 then the kwh meter can set a CT ratio of 800 / 0.98 because CT ratio 800/1 has a positive error ratio of 0.02% from 1% load to 100% load, so that it does not harm the customer as a positive CT ratio error tolerance . This needs to be done in order to create justice between PLN and high voltage consumers in the calculation of kwh transactions.The greater growth of electricity consumption, especially for high voltage consumers, it is important for PLN to know the effect of the current transformer (CT) error ratio in the accuracy of the kwh of electricity transactions, by researching the error ratio of CT 400/1 and 800/1 R, S, and T phase. When the contracted power of 120 MVA can be used CT class 0.2s ratio 400/1 and 800/1 ratio, when using CT class 0.2s ratio 400/1 then the kwh meter can be set according to the CT ratio that is the ratio 400/1 because CT ratio 400/1 has a negative error ratio at loads below 73.59%, and positive error ratio at loads over 73.59% up to 100% load, and` when using CT class 0.2s ratio 800/1 then the kwh meter can set a CT ratio of 800 / 0.98 because CT ratio 800/1 has a positive error ratio of 0.02% from 1% load to 100% load, so that it does not harm the customer as a positive CT ratio error tolerance . This needs to be done in order to create justice between PLN and high voltage consumers in the calculation of kwh transactions.
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS CONCEPT IN MARKETING OF VILLAGE LEADING PRODUCTS
Authors: Devianto Yudo , Dwiasnati Saruni
Published: October 2022

In preparing to welcome the era of technology 4.0, especially preparing rural communities to be ready to accept the arrival of the era of technology 4.0, how can rural communities utilize the technology for their interests. Especially how rural communities can promote superior products produced by the community in general as well as rural communities in particular by using these technologies. In this research, it will be discussed how the application of E-Business can help marketing superior village products, and based on the mandate of law number 6 of 2014 "About the Village", article 86 "Information Systems for Rural Development and Rural Area Development". The problems faced, among others, are many villages that have not been touched by information technology, many villages that have superior products have not been touched by information technology, the potential, and superior products of the village are not fully promoted so that the potential and village products are not widely known. The purpose of the research is to provide the best solution so that the existing problems can be resolved, of course by utilizing information technology, which is a web-based application, by incorporating the concept of E-Business in the application to be made. The results of this study are the application of B2B and B2G E-Business to support the creation of E-Marketing Applications that can be used as solutions to problems that occur.
DETERMINATION FOR CONSUMER PATTERNS IN BEVERAGE PRODUCT SALES USING THE FREQUENT PATTERN GROWTH ALGORITHM
Authors: Purba Tigor Novanda , Firdaus Diky
Published: October 2022

The culinary business is now increasingly developing and competition is increasing, so it requires a strategy to market the products to be sold. In the business sector, the results of the implementation of FP-Growth algorithm data mining can help business people find opportunities from consumption trends so that culinary business people can find out what types of products currently have the highest rating in the community so that managers can provide menu recommendations so they can increase sales turnover. The data required is a certain period of transaction data which is analyzed to produce product recommendations by the association rules. The design of this application uses HTML as the base system used in making websites, PHP as a means to develop websites, and SQL as a medium for data storage and processing. The testing process begins with the login process, then determines the support and confidence parameters, and determines the transaction time period. From the conclusion, managers can determine marketing strategies by increasing the stock of raw materials in beverage products that have the highest itemset value. Then the product with the lowest itemset value can provide promos or discounts on the purchase of goods to attract consumer buying interest.
BIOACTIVITY OF CINNAMON ESSENTIAL OIL
Authors: Darji Deep , Sapra Palak , Mankad Archana
Published: October 2022

The interest in using antifungal instead of chemical preservatives in fruits and food products has been increasing in recent years. Regarding essential oils natural and liquid secondary plant metabolites are gaining importance of their use in the protection of foods. Since, they are safe and healthy. Cinnamon bark and leaf oils are selected essential oil. The antifungal activity of essential oil are mostly depend on its chemical constituents present in it which does not allowed the fungal hyphae and mycelium to grow in certain time of period. These oils are mainly used in pharmaceutical in order to preserve certain living entities. The phytochemicals present in this plant are mostly used for antifungal, antibacterial, antihistaminic, antipyretic etc. A review provides an overview of the current literature on cinnamon essential oils mainly antifungal activity, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, anti-mycotoxigenic activity.
A REVIEW: REMOVAL OF HEXAVALENT IONS FROM THE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BY ACTIVATED CARBON AND NANO MATERIAL ADSORBENTS.
Authors: Shah Prapti , Solanki Hitesh
Published: October 2022

Industrial wastewater often contains chromium which has raised concerns towards hexavalent chromium as it is carcinogenic to animals as well as it can also cause genetic material alterations, kidney and liver damage, etc. Hence, there are many remedial methods which have been researched for removal of Cr(VI). Out of all the methods, this article talks more about activated carbon and nano material adsorbents used for the removal of hexavalent chromium. The capacity of various adsorbents are investigated for the removal of Cr(VI). The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, which are in common use for describing sorption equilibrium for wastewater- treatment applications, are discussed. Apart from this, the adsorption dosage and capacity of disparate adsorbents are discussed with their kinetic and thermodynamic study. This review also includes the equilibrium time at which the maximum adsorption is achieved and optimum pH values for the maximum adsorption.
A REVIEW ON WITHANIA SOMNIFERA (L.) DUNAL- AS AN IMPORTANT AYURVEDA PLANT
Authors: Pandya Dhruv , Mankad Archana , Pandya Himanshu
Published: October 2022

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is a well-known and important medicinal plant widely used in several indigenous systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments, viz. asthma, bronchitis, inflammatory diseases, ulcer and stomach problems. Steroidal lactones have been reported as the major phytoconstituents of this species. Different pharmacological experiments in a number of in vitro and in vivo models have convincingly demonstrated the ability of W. somnifera to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, antimicrobial, anti-anxiety, aphrodisiac, immunomodulation, anti- diabetic, anti-ulcer, anticancer, central nervous system depressant and hepatoprotective activities, lending support to the rationale behind several of its traditional uses. The species is also used to treat some neurological disorders like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. The phytochemicals such as withaferin A, withanolide A and withanolide D isolated from this plant are potential bioactive molecules. Due to the remarkable biological activity of W. somnifera and its constituents, it will be appropriate to develop them as a medicine and make them more potent by chemical modifications and biotransformation. This review has covered botany, chemistry and pharmacology of the plant besides its traditional and folkloric uses.
RECENT FLORICULTURE IN INDIA
Authors: Malviya Aditi , Vala Milan , Mankad Archana
Published: October 2022

This report finishes a research of the floriculture sector's recent advancements in India, notably in terms of key cut flower producing states, industry growth, and export potential. The primary focus is on commercially farmed cut and loose flowers. Documentation was carried out throughout the previous two decades. The purpose of this study is to look at the export performance, the composition of exports, the means of transportation for floriculture exports, and the share of floriculture exports. India produces roughly 19 lakh Tonnes of loose flowers and 8.90 lakh Tonnes of cut flowers per year on 3.40 lakh hectares of land, bringing in considerable revenue to the exchequer through domestic & global commerce. India is ranked 18th in the world, with a 0.6 % of the worldwide floriculture trade. Exports grew at a CAGR of 4 % during the previous decade. In 2010-11, India was the greatest exporter to the United States, with US $ 12.72 million, US $ 16.06 million in 2014-15, and US $ 19.49 million in 2019-20. Exports through air are on the rise, rising from 27 % in 2010-11 to 40.21 percent in 2019-20, with a compound annual rate of 0.06 percent.
THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED MICROGREENS
Authors: Brahmakshatriya Freny , Solanki Bhanu , Mankad Archana
Published: October 2022

Microgreens, the edible seedling of vegetables and herbs, received increasing attention nowadays. Microgreens are considered functional food or superfood due to their health-promoting properties. Mustard (Brassica nigra L.) and Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) were selected species for treatment. Five sets of these microgreens were prepared for treatment, two sets of both greens were treated with calcium chloride and the other two with calcium sulphate. Both solutions had different concentrations and one set was under control without any treatment. Calcium solutions were applied for 5 days. After the treatment studied plant growth and development, harvested microgreens were analyzed for biochemical metabolites. As a result, most of the treated microgreens had more physiological growth and increased metabolites than control.
Gnosticismo político. Três teses de Eric Voegelin sobre Joaquim de Fiore
Authors: Rossatto Noeli Dutra
Published: October 2022

RESUMO:  O artigo examina três teses atribuídas por Eric Voegelin (1901-1985) a Joaquim de Fiore (1162-1205), que estão na base da elaboração do chamado gnosticismo político. São elas: a tese do imanentismo histórico ou da redivinização da sociedade, a do fim do cristianismo e a do simbolismo gnóstico da política moderna. Entre os resultados, destacamos que o imanentismo histórico se baseia em uma espécie de maniqueísmo ao afirmar que a providência divina não mais atua no curso da história, do que resulta que o mundo não tem mais sentido e significado. Em segundo lugar, destacamos que o fim do cristianismo, atribuído ao pensamento joaquimita com base na supervalorização do estado espiritual e do Evangelho eterno, apenas se sustenta a partir da aceitação de que a teoria trinitária de Joaquim de Fiore acentua a tríade pessoal em detrimento da unidade. Por fim, destacamos que a simbólica do gnosticismo político também carrega as mesmas distorções projetadas na Filosofia da História do abade, as quais se derivam em grande medida da leitura deficitária do seu pensamento trinitário.
The addition of three different levels of cactus pear (Opuntia ficusindica) to the diet of Holstein cows and its effect on milk production in the dry season
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Rosa Elena , Mendoza-Ortíz José Luis , Martínez- Flores Hector Eduardo , Ortiz-Rodríguez Ruy
Published: October 2022

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of adding three differing levels of Opuntiaficus-indica (OFI) to the diet of Holstein cows in a period of drought and its influence on milkproduction (MP). Six cows with an average of 56.9 days on milk were subjected to areplicated Latin square design (3 x 3). The cows were assigned to two groups, each group(n=3) was fed with three different diets containing 10, 20 and 30 kg cow-1 d-1. The feed wasgiving in alternating cycles of seven-day cactus pear diet and seven-day rest period, in which,there was not cactus pear supplementation. Fresh cactus pear was cut into pieces(approximately 5 x 5 cm) and given to the cows, within seven days after being harvested.Resultant data were analyzed using the least squares methodology: statistical differencesbetween treatments means were performed by the Tukey test. The group, week (group) andcows (group) did not affect the MP (P>0.05); however, treatment did affect the MP(P=0.0042). The diet containing 10 and 20 kg d-1 of cactus pear improved the MP: 12.182 and12.716 kg milk d-1, respectively; both being statistically equal (P>0.05); however, thesemeans were different (P<0.05) when compared to the diet containing 30 kg d-1 of cactus pear,which decreased MP (11.026 kg milk cow-1 d-1). Therefore, diets containing 10 or 20 kg cow-1d-1 were the best choice to maintain herd productivity during the dry season.
Changes in physical and chemical properties of Opuntia dillenii fruits during the growing stages
Authors: Gaballah Amal A. , Embaby Hassan El - Sayed , Hame Yahya S. , El - Samahy Salah K.
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to enlarge the knowledge about the changes in physical andchemical properties of Opuntia dillenii fruits during the growing stages. Significant increaseswere observed in weight of ten fruits, ratio of pulp/peel, seeds percentage, firmness, widthand length. In addition, the levels of total soluble solids, total sugars, reducing sugars,ascorbic acid, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity significantly increased, butthe pH decreased. In addition, the maximum values of the properties were observed at 210DAFB (Days After Full Bloom). The content of betalains significantly increased and themaximum value was 100.47 mg /100 g at 210 DAFB. However, the content of totalchlorophylls significantly decreased and the lowest level was 1.65 mg / L at 210 DAFB. Also,the highest level of (a*) and the lowest level of (b*) were recorded at 210 DAFB. Therefore,the Opuntia dillenii fruits should be harvested at 210 DAFB under the Egyptian conditions.
Genetic diversity of 33 forage cactus pear accessions based on principal component analysis
Authors: Nadaf Saleem K. , Al-Farsi Safa'a M. , Al-Hinai Saleh A. , Al-Hinai Aliya S. , Al-Harthy Abdul Aziz S. , Al-Khamisi Saif A. , Al-Bakri Ahmed N.
Published: October 2022

The present research was undertaken to assess genetic diversity of 33 forage cactus pearaccessions introduced from different countries for their suitability in the existing fodderproduction system in Arabian Peninsula countries including Oman. These accessions wereevaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications for two consecutive years2014 and 2015 at Agriculture Research Center, Rumais in Oman. The characters cladodegreen and dry matter yields and their related traits plant height (cm), number of cladodes andcladode weight were considered for study. The results of principal component analysis (PCA)indicated that of the total four components, the first two components PC1 and PC2 accountedfor 97.65 and 2.27%, respectively which in combination contributed to 99.92% of the totalvariation among characters studied in fodder cactus pear accessions whereas remaining twocomponents PC3 (0.06%) and PC4 (0.02 %) contributed a meagre 0.08% to the total variation.The first principal component had high positive loading for only green matter yield with thehighest value of 0.993 whereas second principal component had highest loading for plantheight (0.998) in contributing to the diversity. However, PC3 and PC4 were accounted by higherpositive loading in respect of dry matter yield (0.853) and number of cladodes (0.855). Theresults of correlation analysis indicated that of 10 possible correlations from five charactersstudied, seven correlations which were found significant (p<0.05) were also positive in natureof association. The scatter of accessions based on PC1 and PC2 scores resulted in groupingthem into six clusters consisting of accession ranging from 1 to 9. These results could beapplied in either selecting higher green matter yielding accessions from high yielding groups torecommend for either general cultivation or planning and execution of future breeding programfor higher forage productivity in cactus by selecting accessions from different clusters asparents for hybridization.
Morphological characteristics, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of seeds by four wild Opuntia species from North of Mexico
Authors: Núñez-Gastelum José Alberto , González-Fernández Raquel , Hernández-Herrera Arlete , Campas-Baypoli Olga Nydia , Rodríguez-Ramírez Roberto , Lobo-Galo Naun , Valero-Galván José
Published: October 2022

Morphological characteristics and chemical composition of seeds of four species of Opuntiagenus endemic to the Samalayuca Valley were evaluated in this study. Morphology andchemical composition of the four species were clearly different. Seeds of O. polyacanta var.arenaria presented the highest values of area, length and width. However, O. phaeacanthashowed the highest values in palmitoleic acid (1.34 ± 0.12%), stearic acid (5.60 ± 0.47%), oleicacid (19.42 ± 1.04%), alpha linolenic acid (2.42 ± 0.33%), arachidic acid (0.61 ± 0.11%), andeicosenoic acid (1.74 ± 0.36%); but, this species showed the lowest values in linoleic acid(54.35 ± 2.91 %) content. In conclusion, seeds of O. phaeacantha could be an important newsource of health-promoting polyunsaturated fatty acid, and its use in arid and semi-arid regionsshould be encouraged.
Heart-shaped cladodes in commercial cactus pear plantations
Authors: Mendoza-Orozco M. E. , Hernández-Ríos I. , Morales-Flores F. J. , Mena-Covarrubias J. , Ortega-Espinoza J. , Mondragón-Jacobo C. , Méndez-Gallegos S. de J.
Published: October 2022

Because of the diverse uses it has, and the multiple benefits it contributes to, cactus pear(Opuntia spp.) is considered one of the natural resources of greatest socioeconomicimportance in Mexico. Its intensive production in monoculture, associated with a reducedgenetic variability, has resulted in the proliferation of various physiopathies, and the prevalenceof pests and diseases, which reduce its productivity. In diverse cactus pear producing zones inMexico and other countries, a malformation called in this study cladode ‘acorazonamiento’(heart-shaped cladode), which is derived from the shape the cladode takes, has beenobserved; however, the causal agent is unknown at the time. Considering that its occurrencecould cause economic losses to cactus pear producers, this study describes the visualsymptomatology and the incidence and severity of heart-shaped cladode symptoms incommercial cactus pear plantations in the south and southeast of Zacatecas, Mexico. Thesymptomatology was more evident in tender buds of 6 to 20 days of age, and is characterizedby the presence of diverse malformations in the apical or lateral part of the cladodes, as wellas by the appearance of micro-scarring that reduces the vegetative and floral budding in theaffected zone; the damaged tissue presents rupture of the cuticle and epidermis, and thedetachment of cell walls. Three principal malformation symptoms were found, which werenamed in this study as: ‘heart’, ‘bean’ and ‘saw’, according to the cladode physical appearance,with the first one being the most frequent. All the plantations evaluated showed the presenceof malformed cladodes, with values that fluctuated between 12 and 30 %. Cladodes with heartshapesymptomatology may generate buds with similar appearance in a proportion of 2:1asymptomatic:symptomatic cladodes. Likewise, it was observed that the degree of severityranged between 1 to 38% of photosynthetic area reduction, and damaged cladodes may losebetween 50 to 80% of vegetative and floral buds. Derived from this, it is pertinent to perform

studies directed towards characterizing its etiology in order to implement managementstrategies and reduce economical losses.
Comparison of total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial potential among nine cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) cultivars and their by-products
Authors: Dávila-Aviña Jorge , Gallegos-Ruiz Bernardo , García Santos , Heredia Norma
Published: October 2022

Nopal cacti (Opuntia spp.) are important natural resources in semi-arid zones throughout theworld, where their fruits and stems are used as forage or human food depending on the varietyand ripeness of the cladode. Members of the genus Opuntia show variable phytochemicalcomposition as well as a high capacity for adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. Onepart of the process to prepare and use of “nopalitos” for human consumption includes removalof modified leaves or thorns, which is approximately 20% of the fresh weight of cladodes isconsidered as a by-product (production residue). The objective of this study was to evaluatethe phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial potential of cladodesand cladode by-products from nine nopal cultivars. Young cladodes (<1 month, nopalitos) andtheir corresponding by-products were washed, dried, and macerated in ethanol. Ethanolextracts were isolated by evaporation and resuspended in water. Total phenols and flavonoidswere quantified, and antioxidant capacity was assessed by spectroscopic assays [troloxequivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and percent inhibition of diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH)radicals]. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts against Vibrio cholerae and Clostridiumperfringens were determined by the well diffusion method and calculation of minimalbactericidal concentration (MBC) by agar plate assay. All extracts tested showed antioxidantand antibacterial activities. Extracts of cladodes and their corresponding by-products showedsimilar MBCs for C. perfringens (around 15 mg ml-1) and V. cholerae (4.0 mg ml-1). However,extracts of cladode by-products showed higher antioxidant capacity than those of cladodesaccording to both DPPH and TEAC assays. Higher concentrations of phenols and flavonoidswere also found in the extracts of by-products (ranging from 91.23 to 853.78 mg gallic acidequivalents per gram dry weight and from 17.10 to 39.42 mg quercetin equivalents per gramdry weight, respectively). This study demonstrates that nopal cactus species exhibit higherantioxidant activity and contents of both phenols and flavonoids in cladode by-products thanthat in their corresponding cladodes. Our data indicate that discarded cladode by-products maybe are a potentially valuable resource for nutraceutical and drug development.
Modeling the impacts of climate change and cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) invasion on the future distribution of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Abrha Haftu , Birhane Emiru , Zenebe Amanuel , Hagos Haftom , Girma Atkilt , Aynekulu Ermias , Alemie Arya
Published: October 2022

This study investigated that the effects of cochineal invasion and climate change on cactuspear distribution. Rainfall and temperature were projected to near, mid, and end-century withemission scenarios (RCP4.5 and 8.5) using R-programing language. Average temperature willbe increased by 1.7, 2.3, and 2.6°C in RCP 4.5 and 2, 2.8, and 4°C in RCP 8.5 at 2010-2039,2040-2069, and 2070-2099, respectively, and there will be temporal and spatial rainfallvariation. The cactus pear distribution will be reduced by 13, 0.51, and 27% during mid-centuryof RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5, and RCP8.5 of end-century, consistently. But, it will be increased by0.8% at the end-century of RCP4.5. The impact of climate change in future cactus peardistribution is insignificant. In addition, the probability of cochineal invasion will be increased byabout 72, 74, 62, and 94% by mid and end-century of RCP4.5 and 8.5, respectively. This hasa significant impact on future cactus pear distribution. The combined effect of climate changeand cochineal invasion will affect 72, 78, 63, and 85% of cactus pear distribution by mid andend-century of RCP4.5 and 8.5, respectively. It has a significant impact on future cactus peardistribution. Therefore, the study recommends well-designed management strategies to ensurecactus pear survival.
Fruit attributes depend on cladode length and width in Opuntia ficus-indica variety ‘Rojo Pelón’ in Zacatecas, Mexico
Authors: Valdez-Cepeda Ricardo David , López-García Raúl , Mata-González Ricardo , Márquez-Madrid Miguel , Blanco-Macías Fidel
Published: October 2022

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller is an important crop in Mexico and around the world. Thisspecies grows in a wide range of environmental conditions. This implies a great variabilityin fruit yield and fruit ripening. The aims of this three-year study were: i) to compare O.ficus-indica fruit and cladode size attributes among years by means of the Tukey test, andii) to estimate O. ficus-indica fruit attributes dependence on length or width of 1-year oldfruiting cladode measures for the ‘Rojo Pelón’ variety through the boundary-line approach.Data from 169 terminal 1-year old fruiting cladodes and their 1,281 fruits were collectedduring 2012, 2013, and 2014 from an experimental orchard in Zacatecas, Mexico. Theboundary-line approach was used to identify the dependence of number of fruits, mean fruitweight or load per cladode on 1-year fruiting cladode’s length or width. Influence of rainfallwas identified increasing the fruit weight per cladode, but not the number of fruits. Fruitingoccurred when cladodes have at least 16 cm length and 11 cm width. Cladodes with ? 18.5cm to ? 50 cm of length are linked to the vertex (X= 37.7 cm, Y= 154.1 g) and cladodes with? 12 cm to ? 25 cm of width are linked to the vertex (X=17.5 cm, Y= 156.8 g). Pruning basedon these cladode sizes may reduce variability of fruit yield and increase the probability ofhaving 105.7 g (or more) of mean fruit weight per cladode leaving eight fruits or more withan acceptable commercial size.
Nutritive value of cactus pear silages for finishing lambs
Authors: Miranda-Romero L.A. , Vazquez-Mendoza P. , Burgueño-Ferreira J.A. , Aranda- Osorio G.
Published: October 2022

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the nutritive value and the fermentationcharacteristics of cactus pear silages and diets including them for growing lambs. There weretwo cactus pear silage types: one made from cladodes and the other combining cladodes andcactus pear fruit. Similarly, it was calculated the gas potential emission index (GPEI; dL lamb-1day-1). The four diets: control (with not silage, NSD), including corn silage (CSD), or cladodecactus pear silage (CCSD), or cladode-fruit cactus pear silage (CFSD) were iso-nitrogenous(15% CP) and iso-energetic (2.7 Mcal of ME kg-1 of dry matter) fulfilling the requirements forfinishing lambs. Eight commercial cross lambs (23±3.0 kg liveweight) were used, under a 4 x 4replicated Latin Square design. The results indicated that the CCSD and CFSD had 3% more(P<0.05) dry matter (DM) content than the CSD, but the later had more (P<0.05) protein (80 gkg-1) and greater digestibility (60%) than the CCSD and CFSD (50 g kg-1 and 50%). The dietswith CCSD and CFSD had more (P<0.05) crude protein (160 g kg-1) than the control and CSD(150 g kg-1 DM). The in vitro digestibility of the control diet was greater (P<0.05) than the otherdiets, although the DM voluntary intake, apparent digestibility, and the acid detergent fiber(ADF) were not different (P>0.05). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was greater (P<0.05) indiets including silages in comparison to the control diet. Lambs fed with control or CCSD dietshad a gas potential production of 350 and 370 L lamb-1 d-1, in comparison to 200 and 210 Llamb-1 d-1 from CSD and CFSD diets. It is concluded that the nutritive and in vitro fermentativequalities of the CCS and CFS were similar to CS, thus, their inclusion in diets for finishing lambscan be considered as a feeding alternative, and more importantly, CFS could mitigate theemission of greenhouse gases.
Cladode area and weight of Nopalea cochenillifera clones as a function of morphometric characteristics
Authors: Vieira Leite Mauricio Luiz de Mello , Rodrigues de Lucena Leandro Ricardo , Melo de Oliveira Antônio Dennys , Chagas de Lima Costa Álefe Chagas de Lima Costa , Queiroz dos Anjos Fredson Luan , Masterson de Farias Igor , Laamon Pinto Simões Vicente José , Rodrigues de Almeida Mirna Clarissa
Published: October 2022

The study aims estimate the cladode area and weight of Little Sweet and Giant Sweet clone based on its linear dimensions by method non-destructively. The experiment was realized in randomized blocks with five replicates using Little and Giant Sweet clones of Nopalea cochenillifera. To determine the length, width, thickness, area and weight of cladodes were used a random sample of 1018 cladodes. Cladode area and weight were estimated through of the cladode morphometric characteristics using regression models. Power model was most adequate to explain cladode area of clones and regardless N. cochenillifera clones. Power model was most adequate to explain cladodes weight of Little Sweet clone and regardless N. cochenillifera clones, while that gamma model was most adequate to explain cladode weight of Giant Sweet clone. Cladode area and weight of N. cochenillifera can be explain as a function of morphometric characteristics with larger explanation power.
Exploring the attitudes of consumers towards a sustainable cactus-based paint (Opuntia spp)
Authors: Reyes-Ulloa Deidad Jazareth , Camarena-Gómez Dena María , Salgado-Beltrán Lizbeth
Published: October 2022

Sustainable products are alternatives to conventional products that encompass consumer needs, environmental protection, and health. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of consumers towards a sustainable product of cactus (Opuntia spp) based paint for a possible commercialization. The research consisted of several stages, among them are: 1) Preparation of the product; 2) Design of the measuring instrument and 3) Testing of the product. For stage 2, 212 surveys were applied, where besides knowledge and perception questions, valid scales in the literature of Domain Specific Innovativeness (DSI) and Health Consciousness (HCS) were considered. Stage 3 was performed with 32 people. With the information gathered, descriptive and bi-variant analyses were conducted. The findings showed that sociodemographic characteristics such as age, income, and marital status may influence consumer attitudes toward an innovative product such as cactus-based paint. Similarly, awareness, involvement, and health valuation positively influence consumer choices, which are key elements in consumer motivation when buying a sustainable product such as the cactus-based paint. Once the consumer was in direct contact with the product and after the corresponding correlated tests, the most valuable attributes among the participants were: hypoallergenic (4.66), sustainable (4.63) and color range (4.63). Overall, the results show that there is an interest from consumers to products that reduce environmental impact and take health into account. However, it is necessary to deliver to the consumer detailed product information for better acceptance and market success.
Identification of some Opuntia spp. from two Algerian regions and ultrasound-assisted extraction of their phenolic compounds
Authors: Mahdeb Amokrane , Adjeroud-Abdellatif Nawel , Mazari Azzedine , Portillo Liberato , Ait Abdelouhab Kamelia , Ait Maamer Dounia , Madani Khodir
Published: October 2022

Much attention has been paid to cacti for their distinctive characteristics. The nopal Opuntia ficus-indica and related species are found in arid and semi-arid regions around the world. O. ficus-indica shows considerable variability in response to environmental conditions through variation of areola and spine attributes, among other traits. Therefore, the present study sought to morphologically identify some cactus pear plants in two areas of Algeria (Bejaia and Souk-Ahras) in order to evaluate the cactus pears by optimizing the extraction conditions of the phenolic compounds of the cladode, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of these compounds, to measure the total flavonoid content, and to compare the yields among three Opuntia spp. (O. ficus-indica, O. megacantha and O. amyclae) from the sites within the study regions. These three Opuntia spp. were subjected to extraction of polyphenols using a conventional method, and an ecofriendly process using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique. Once the extractions was completed, the total phenolic content and flavonoids of the extracts were characterized. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the total phenolic compounds (TPC) was determined. The UAE was better than conventional extraction for the recovery of TPC. The use of a solvent mixture (50% water/ethanol, v/v) improved the TPC extraction efficiency. These results show that UAE was a useful tool for the extraction of phytochemicals from cactus pear cladodes. Other factors and conditions that influence the optimization of TPC extraction should also be studied, such as pH, ultrasound frequency as well as ecological factors that could possibly influence extraction efficiency.
Genetic relations among Moroccan Opuntia genotypes with different degrees of resistance to Dactylopius opuntiae
Authors: Akroud Hayat , El-Bouhssini Mustapha , Bouharroud Rachid , Udupa Sripada , Henkrar Fatima , Boujghagh Mohamed , Koussa Tayeb , Sbaghi Mohamed
Published: October 2022

Genetic diversity and relationship among a set of 18 cactus pear genotypes, with different degrees of resistance to cochineal scale insect (Dactylopius opuntiae), was estimated using eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The genotypes used belong to four Opuntia species (O. engelmanii, O. ficus indica, O. robusta, and o. dillenii). The analysis revealed a total number of 56 alleles (Mean = 7) and an average genetic diversity index of 0.76 with genetic distances ranging from 0.00 to 1.00 at eight microsatellite loci in 18 Moroccan cactus pear genotypes. All microsatellites used were found to be highly informative, with mean polymorphic information content (PIC) estimated at 0.72. Genetic relationship estimated using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method and the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), showed that the 18 genotypes were successfully assigned to four clusters, separated according to their taxonomy distribution and their levels of resistance to D. opuntiae. The results of this study demonstrated that the Moroccan cactus pear genotypes evaluated are highly divergent and that these genotypes will be useful for future crossing programs to improve the genetic diversity in Opuntia for resistance to D. opuntiae.
Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae), an emerging global threat for Opuntia spp: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Méndez-Gallegos Santiago de Jesús , Bravo-Vinaja Ángel
Published: October 2022

Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) is a worldwide successful biological control agent for some invasive Opuntia Mill. (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae) species, and a primary pest where this species is commercially cultivated, which has renewed its scientific interest. Therefore, this research characterized regularities of the scientific production and identified emerging research trends on D. opuntiae, using one-dimensional and multidimensional bibliometric indicators. The search and retrieve of metadata from nine scientific publications databases (Biological Abstracts, Cab abstracts, Crossref, Google Academic, Dimensions, Microsoft Academic Search, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, and Zoological Record) was condensed into a 193 documents collection, spanning from 1848 to 2021 using the Zotero® bibliographic reference manager. Publish or Perish® and Excel® were used to generate one-dimensional indicators and VOSviewer® for multi-dimensional indicators. Eighty percent of the publications on D. opuntiae were registered in the last 20 years, which denotes the specie´s recently acquired importance. The addressed topics in the two assessed periods showed drastic changes, since, while in the first period (1848-2000) these were directed, particularly, to its applications as a biological control agent for various Opuntia species; during the next period (2001-2021), they focused on generating strategies for its eradication and control. A high number of non-peer-reviewed publications were not included in our studies, such as serials, books, theses, and conference proceedings. Despite the recent interest in D. opuntiae and the growing number of scientific documents, no previous publications were found that address this issue. Finally, the research allowed for the identification of emerging research trends and showed their locations and who makes up the clusters or research groups, and the addressed topics, which could facilitate collaboration networks establishment and contribute to the scientific development of D. opuntiae.
Preparation and characterization of a biodegradable film from cactus Nopalea sp.
Authors: Brito Fred Augusto Lourêdo de , Araújo Yara Panta de , Marcelino Ariel Sharon de Araújo Nogueira , Ferreira Natanael Lucena , Fonseca Kelem Silva , Brito Andréa Monteiro Santana Silva , Silva Thieres George Freire da , Simões Adriano do Nascimento
Published: October 2022

The increasing use of natural biodegradable polymers is a consequence of the concern of society with sustainability. Mucilage of forage cactus of the genus Nopalea is an attractive polymer matrix for the composition of edible films. Most studies on biodegradable films are carried out with the genus Opuntia. This makes Nopalea an important source of interest in the investigation of film formation. The objective was to study the formulation of films and evaluation of physical, optical, and mechanical characteristics of clones of Nopalea and Opuntia, through the addition of water and glycerol. The mucilage was extracted from cladodes of Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck: clones IPA Sertânia (IPA) and Miúda (MIU); and, from Opuntia stricta [Haw.] Haw., clone Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM). The powdered mucilage was hydrated and vacuum filtered, followed by the formulation of the films, without glycerol (just water) and with the addition of glycerol at 15%, 25%, and 14% for IPA, MIU, and OEM clones, respectively. The yield of powdered mucilage was higher for Nopalea. Optical tests with the films revealed that the addition of glycerol generated slightly yellow films (positive b* values), with less transparency than the control films, regardless of the clone and higher L* value in IPA clone films. Moisture content and thickness were increased when glycerol was added. All films, with and without glycerol, showed high water solubility. The microstructure revealed that the films with glycerol presented more compact, smooth, and linear surfaces, forming a homogeneous network. The FTIR spectra revealed that the glycerol films showed the same profile as the control samples, but with higher absorption intensities in some bands. The results found in the present work evidence the potential of the genus Nopalea to produce biodegradable films, as already widely known for the genus Opuntia.
Size and harvest time of cladodes modulate the composition and physicochemical stability of prickly pear cactus mucilage
Authors: Costa de-Souza Lady Daiane , Silva-Fonseca Kelem , Silva-Brrito Andréa , Panta-de Araújo Yara , Do Nascimento-Souza Jheizon Feitoza , Pierre-de Andrada Lucas Vínicius , N. Simões Adriano
Published: October 2022

The objective was to carry out a physicochemical characterization of the mucilage obtained from different sizes of cladodes harvested at different times. Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck cladodes were collected in two sizes (100 to 230 and 240 to 300 mm), at two different times (6 am and 8 pm), and processed for mucilage extraction. This was dried in an oven, and then hydrated and kept at 5 °C for 12 days. The mucilage yield after harvest was quantified, in addition to the characterization of the main bands in the infrared region. In the mucilage, the following physicochemical analyzes were performed: K+ and Na+ content, electrical conductivity, titratable acidity, pH, total phenolic compounds, vitamin C, total soluble solids, total soluble carbohydrates, total soluble proteins after harvest (day 0), and to the 12 days of storage at 5 ºC. Correlation between the variables was determined through principal component analysis (PCA). The highest mucilage yield was obtained in cladodes harvested at 6 am, regardless of size. The 6 am harvest showed higher acidity and protein content and lower concentrations of soluble solids, EC, Na+, K+, vitamin C, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. In conservation, the mucilage of the cladodes with sizes between 100 and 230 mm and the harvest at 6 am showed greater stability. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a tendency of formed groups between different sizes, harvest times, and conservation days, indicating that different conditions for obtaining the cladodes result in differences in the composition and stability of the mucilage. Thus, the results show that, in addition to the climatic conditions, as proposed by other authors, the harvest time and the size of the cladode modulate the physicochemical and important ion composition and stability, which can change the technological and industrial applications of mucilage.
Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on regional organic substrates in Agave salmiana production in Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico
Authors: Morales-Maldonado Emilio Raymundo , Gutiérrez-Rojas Mónica , Holguín-Peña Ramón Jaime , Ruiz-Juárez Daniel , Vega-Chávez Jorge Luis , Reyes-Godoy Ana Cristina
Published: October 2022

Mexico has 159 species of Agave spp. In the agri-food industry stand out are Agave tequilana, A. angustifolia, and A. salmiana. A limitation to producing maguey seedlings is the low availability of organic substrates that favor plant adaptation in the field. The objective was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) found in substrates in response to vegetative and root growth of A. salmiana in agricultural areas of Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico. The treatment consisted of earthworm humus (EH) and leaf compost (LC) substrates with materials from the region with different percentages of EH (100, 75, 50%), LC (5, 10%), and sand (20, 40%). The treatments were applied with 14 random replications in two phases in seeds and 40-day-seedlings. The variables evaluated were NPK amount and pH in substrates. The physiological variables measured were plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, root length, and volume. Significant differences (P?0.05) were observed in seedling physiology due to the effect of the treatment. The best agronomic responses (plant growth and root length/weight) of Agave seedlings were T5 (75% earthworm humus + 20% sand + 5% leaf-soil) and T6 (50% earthworm humus + 40% sand + 10% leaf-soil); in both treatments, the NPK percentages were different from the control (Haplic Phaeozem soil) group. The final concentration of NPK in T6 was N = 0.04%, P = 398.13 mg Kg-1 and K = 11.88 meq 100g-1. The results infer that NPK availability in soil and progressive acidification (initial pH = 8.6, final pH = 7.4) of the substrate can favorably influence the plant response. The interactions between NPK availability in the substrate and their use for a better response in maguey seedling adaptability open up new lines of research on the productive systems in the region of Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico.
El “Ideal” de la ciencia procesal penal en España y proceso penal con jurado
Authors: Lorca Navarrete Antonio María
Published: October 2022

Históricamente, en la tramitación del proceso penal español se ha adoptado un modelo acusatorio formal con una fase de investigación, a cargo del juez instructor en el que existe un fuerte componente inquisitivo. No obstante y tras un siglo de vigencia de la ley de enjuiciamiento criminal de 1882, las expresivas palabras del “Ministro infrascrito” MANUEL ALONSO MARTÍNEZ han imprimido carácter en la procesalística procesal penal española, en abogados y jueces educados históricamente en la operatividad de la técnica procesal penal proclamada en la exposición de motivos de la ley de enjuiciamiento criminal de 1882 aunque existen ya sectores, de esa misma procesalística procesal penal, que comienzan a cuestionarla. Aunque no demasiados.