bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Awareness and Perception of Clear Aligner Orthodontic Treatment Among Students of Hawler Medical University.
Authors:   Department of P.O.P., College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University., Bilal Maryam Fouad , Ali Ahmed Qesim , Ibrahim Layard Khalil
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: The growing emphasis on appearance has led to an increased interest in orthodontic treatment among adults, particularly those who are highly self-conscious about their looks. Clear Aligner Therapy, a nearly invisible and effective method for aligning teeth, represents the latest generation of aesthetic orthodontic treatments. This study aims to assess the awareness and perception of Clear Aligner Therapy among students at Hawler Medical University. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire comprising four sections: demographics, general dental and orthodontic awareness, knowledge of Clear Aligner Therapy and Fixed Orthodontic Therapy, and optional comments and questions. Results: A total of 383 participants, with an average age of 20.54 years, completed the questionnaire. The majority (89.6%) were Kurds and 63.2% females. Among the participants, 68.2% had visited a dentist as needed, 72.3% had family members with malocclusions, 41% had sought orthodontic consultation. Additionally, 86.2% were familiar with Fixed Orthodontic Therapy, 63.2% had heard of Clear Aligners, 30.5% had undergone orthodontic treatment, and 8.5% individuals had received Clear Aligner Therapy. Conclusion: The knowledge level of Hawler Medical University students regarding Clear Aligner Therapy was determined to be moderate. Despite the fact that they possessed a general understanding of its characteristics and application, their involvement in the treatment and its procedures was limited. Previous orthodontic treatments recipients', satisfaction with their smile, overall concern about teeth, previous orthodontic consultation, and knowledge of Fixed Orthodontic Therapy all notably demonstrated significant associations with the awareness of Clear Aligner Therapy. Keywords: Clear Aligner, Orthodontic treatment, Esthetic treatment, Awareness, Perception, Hawler Medical University.
Dopamine D2 Receptor Modulates Exercise Related Effect on Cortical Excitation/Inhibition and Motor Skill Acquisition
Authors: Curtin Dylan , Taylor Eleanor M. , Bellgrove Mark A. , Chong Trevor T-J. , Coxon James P.
Published: March 2024

Exercise is known to benefit motor skill learning in health and neurological disease. Evidence from brain stimulation, genotyping, and Parkinson's disease studies converge to suggest that the dopamine D2 receptor, and shifts in the cortical excitation and inhibition (E:I) balance, are prime candidates for the drivers of exercise-enhanced motor learning. However, causal evidence using experimental pharmacological challenge is lacking. We hypothesized that the modulatory effect of the dopamine D2 receptor on exercise-induced changes in the E:I balance would determine the magnitude of motor skill acquisition. To test this, we measured exercise-induced changes in excitation and inhibition using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in 22 healthy female and male humans, and then had participants learn a novel motor skill—the sequential visual isometric pinch task (SVIPT). We examined the effect of D2 receptor blockade (800 mg sulpiride) on these measures within a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Our key result was that motor skill acquisition was driven by an interaction between the D2 receptor and E:I balance. Specifically, poorer skill learning was related to an attenuated shift in the E:I balance in the sulpiride condition, whereas this interaction was not evident in placebo. Our results demonstrate that exercise-primed motor skill acquisition is causally influenced by D2 receptor activity on motor cortical circuits.
Una descripción sistemática de las ideas principales de Marco Marchioni y su visión de la acción comunitaria
Authors: Vecina-Merchante Carlos
Published: March 2024

Este trabajo presenta una revisión sistemática de la obra de Marco Marchioni. Una figura destacada en el ámbito de la acción social comunitaria, desarrollada durante las últimas décadas en España. El autor aborda la resolución de problemas comunitarios desde procesos participativos y el conocimiento compartido, como base para el diagnóstico comunitario y el trabajo conjunto de tres protagonistas: representantes institucionales, recursos técnicos y ciudadanía. Considera imprescindible una intervención social territorializada que involucre a la comunidad. Si bien, esto no está exento de dificultades y representa uno de los retos sin acabar de resolver para el Trabajo Social, la Educación Social u otras disciplinas de acción directa territorializada. La propuesta por la que aboga el autor destaca la participación, la metodología de la Audición, como estrategia de Investigación Participativa Comunitaria, la planificación conjunta y la evaluación, como elementos clave de su argumentación teórico-metodológica. Aunque se pueda cuestionar la viabilidad práctica de la participación propuesta, su obra contribuye al debate de las políticas sociales y a la consideración de una vía para iniciativas participativas, promoviendo una democracia real e inclusiva.
Habitabilidad doméstica en condiciones de confinamiento
Authors: Navarrete Valencia Luis
Published: March 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las habitabilidades domésticas vividas por jóvenes mexicanos durante la pandemia y el confinamiento por Covid-19, a partir de los usos, adecuaciones, percepciones y significaciones que hicieron de sus casas, con el propósito de acceder a una comprensión más amplia de la realidad social en torno al acontecimiento. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, mediante la técnica de relatos de vida, se recabaron los datos que luego fueron codificados y categorizados para construir la información. Los resultados revelan experiencias de habitabilidad diferenciadas, en algunos casos ambivalentes e incluso contradictorias entre los/as jóvenes. Se concluye que la pandemia y el confinamiento constituyen un fenómeno sociocultural complejo que dista de ser tema superado. Por eso es pertinente repensar la forma en que se produce y reproduce el espacio arquitectónico, como medio para atender las necesidades de habitabilidad doméstica postpandemia, que el mundo demanda y no han sido resueltas.
The Effect of Beating on the Solubility of Pulps in Sodium Iron Tartrate
Authors:   Stazione Sperimentale per la Cellulosa, Carta e Fibre Tessili Vegetali ed Artificiali, Milan, Italy, Borruso D.
Published: March 2024

It has long been standard practice to evaluate and assess the usefulness of a papermaking pulp by beating it in a laboratory beater for increasing periods of time and examining the pulp and sheets of paper made from it as the beating process continues. The examination of the pulp can include the inspection under a microscope, fibre fractionation, the Schopper-Riegler evaluation or equivalent, and the water retention value using a standardised centrifuging technique. The examination of the sheets can include any of the physical tests that are of interest for the particular use to which the pulp is to be put. In particular, the rate at which the wetness (in °SR) increases with the beating time is called beatability of the pulp. For example, sulphate pulp is generally more difficult to beat than sulphite pulp, and cotton linters are more difficult still. This method of pulp evaluation is not only very time consuming, but also does not tell the papermaker much about how best to treat his pulp in the stock preparation. There is a need for a simple method to examine an unbeaten pulp and to assess its behaviour in a beating process without actually carrying out the beating. Such a method can be based on the solubility of the pulp in a suitable solvent. The condition for the success of such a method is that it is sensitive to those structural features of the fibre which affect the beating and to the changes which they suffer during this treatment. The structural features of the fibre most sensitive to the beating action whilst contributing to the paper properties, are the elements which influence the swelling phenomena in water. Moreover, they are responsible for the solubilisation of low polymers (hemicelluloses) in NaOH-solutions.
Some Effects of Fibre Form on the Pulp Drainage Resistance
Authors:   Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Technology, University of Trondheim, Norway, Arnevik T. A. , Helle T. ,   Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Technology, University of Trondheim, Norway
Published: March 2024

Today, several important parameters in sheet forming on the paper machine are changing considerably. The twin wire concept is about to become the standard for new installations. Here, the drainage zone is drastically reduced compared to the fourdrinier, with corresponding reduction in drainage time. Besides, there is a general increase in paper machine speed. The drainage elements are changed, reducing the degree of pulsed drainage. Also the papermaking furnish is changing. New fibre raw materials are introduced by a change from mature to juvenile trees on the one hand and the increasing use of tropical hardwoods on the other. This implies a significant change in the fibre compositions of the furnishes. This tendency is enhanced by another technical trend, partly caused by scarce wood supplies, towards pulps of higher yields. The trend is significant both within the conventional chemical pulping processes, and for the development of new processes like the thermomechanical pulping methods. The change in paper forming speed, and in the fibre composition may cause problems for the production process. It therefore seems useful to try to produce new information on the influence of fibre form on the pulp drainage characteristics.
Through-Drying of Textiles and Paper
Authors:   Institut für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik, Universität Karlsruhe, Germany, Schlunder E. U.
Published: March 2024

Special laboratory equipment has been developed to measure drying rates as a function of the product moisture content for Through-Drying of textiles, porous paper and other permeable products. This equipment allows very precise measurements even for very fast drying processes (1 second and less), which are typical in Through-Drying. Experimental results for the drying rate as well as for the permeability (pressure drop) as a function of the product moisture content for various drying conditions for porous paper (tissue) are presented. The analysis of these results reveals, that the drying rate during the ‘constant rate period'(surface evaporation period) can be predicted from standard heat and mass transfer equations only if the pore size distribution is taken into account. For the purpose of extrapolation and scale-up a special overall mass transfer equation has been introduced. For Through-Drying of tissue material, and of textiles, this equation represents the experimental results with fairly good accuracy.
Adhesion Between Fibre Webs and Metal Surfaces During Drying
Authors:   The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Nordman L. , Uggla R. ,   The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Published: March 2024

The dry-creping process is dependent on a balanced adhesion of the paper web to the MG-cylinder at the moment of removal of the web by the doctor blade. The adhesion of the web usually is on a layer of organic origin attached to the metal surface. The physical appearance of the intermediate layer has been studied on production machines and on various model surfaces and its chemical composition analysed. Laboratory techniques have been developed for studies of the peeling of fibrous webs from metal surfaces. Variables associated with the building-up of the intermediate layer and their effect on the peeling resistance have been investigated. Different pulps show widely different adhesion and react to different degrees to drying variables.
Swelling During the Penetration of Aqueous Liquids into Paper
Authors:   University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England, Hoyland R. W.
Published: March 2024

The present state of knowledge concerning the transudation of aqueous liquids into paper is reviewed. Theories for the swelling of cellulose and cellulose fibres are examined and related to the swelling of a porous web of paper. A method of measuring, simultaneously, the penetration and resultant swelling of the sheet by aqueous solutions is described. The results of the above measurements for water, water containing a wetting agent, starch solution, cuprammonium hydroxide solution and a glycerine/water mixture are reported. It is shown that the swelling is an integral part of the penetration process. Deviations from the Lucas-Washburn equation are due to the neglect in the penetration equation of the swelling of the sheet. Apparent diffusion coefficients are calculated from the swelling data and it is shown that swelling is controlled by a diffusion mechanism.
Capillarography: A New Surface Probe
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Okagawa A. , Mason S. G. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada
Published: March 2024

Paper is a porous structure containing two broad classes of pore: inter and intra-fibre, and penetration of liquids such as water is determined by the geometries of the two classes. In this brief note we wish to describe a technique and present preliminary results on surface wetting and absorption into single fibres.
The Influence of Matrix Composition and Softening on the Mechanical Behaviour of Cellulosic Fibres
Authors:   Paper Technology Department, Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden, Ehrnrooth E. , Kolseth P. ,   Paper Technology Department, Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden, de Ruvo A. ,   Paper Technology Department, Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
Published: March 2024

Fibres from a bleached kraft pulp grafted with polystyrene by means of radiation initiation were studied. The purpose of grafting was to incorporate a polymer with a defined rheological behaviour, thereby changing the composition of the cell wall. The grafts had a polystyrene content ranging from 6 to 35 per cent by weight. In order to decrease the crystallinity of the cellulose, the fibres were treated with aqueous zinc solutions of 65 and 70 per cent concentration. In addition to decrystallisation effects these treatments caused chemical degradation and dissolution of the cellulose. Mechanical spectroscopy of the grafted fibres revealed an intense interaction between the polystyrene and the carbohydrate macromolecules. Apparently the treatment with zinc chloride causes degradation and structural breakdown of the grafted fibre which results in a less intense interaction between the cellulose and polystyrene phases. The results of creep measurements in water and toluene indicate that the polystyrene can control the properties of the matrix while the amorphous cellulose still governs the stress transfer between the reinforcing microfibrils.
Tensile Modulus of Paper Wet-Stiffened by Crosslinking
Authors:   Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A, Caulfield D. F. , Weatherwax R. C. ,   Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
Published: March 2024

The mechanism of the wet tensile performance of paper is described in terms of the hydrogen bond theory of paper. Distinctions are made between the action of wet strength agents and the stiffening action of crosslinks. Chemical crosslinks improve the wet stiffness of paper by reducing the moisture sensitivity of the cellulose network to the swelling action of water. Below the fibre saturation point, the effect of water in reducing the tensile modulus of crosslinked paper is quantitatively the same as in uncrosslinked paper. Wet stiffening arises only from the reduction in the fibre saturation point that the crosslinks create. The role of crosslinks as load-carrying elements is not important in wet stiffening. Rather, crosslinks function as swelling restraints to the network, so that a larger fraction of the pre-existing hydrogen bonds function to retain a larger fraction of the paper’s dry tensile modulus. In this respect, even crosslinked paper can be considered a hydrogen-bond-dominated solid.
Chitosan, a Mediator for Fibre-Water Interactions in Paper
Authors:   College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Allan G.G. , Fox J.R. ,   College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Crosby G. D. ,   College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Sarkanen K. V. ,   College of Forest Resources, University of Washington
Published: March 2024

The modes of action of the important commercial wet strength additives for paper are explained in terms of the physics and chemistry of the interfibre bonding areas therein. The theoretical principles expounded are then used to provide the experimentally-verified prediction that the naturally-occurring biodegradable aminopolysaccharide, chitosan, can function effectively to mitigate the adverse effect of water in papers.
The Effect of Calendering and Super-Calendering on the Properties of Secondary Fibres
Authors:   Institut für Papierfabrikation, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, Gottsching L. , Sturmer L. ,   Institut für Papierfabrikation, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt
Published: March 2024

In general, only qualitative information is available concerning the mainly negative effect of the various processing stages of papermaking, after-processing and usage, on the recyclability and properties of wastepaper as a raw material for further paper making. However, it is quite unknown to what extent such negative influence is exerted by the various processing stages as, for instance, stock preparation, wet pressing, drying, calendering and supercalendering, printing, corrugating, and so on.
Characterisation of Pulps Manufactured from Waste Paper
Authors:   Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., Graminski E. L.
Published: March 2024

The conclusions of many studies on material policy emphasise the need for materials conservation and more efficient utilisation of materials. Recycling of municipal waste is an alternative to solid waste disposal and a means for conserving our natural resources. Although the benefits from recycling are many, there are technological and economic barriers to large scale recycling in the private sector. Unless these uncertainties are removed, increased recycling will occur only when no other alternatives exist.
Summing Up
Authors:   Westvaco, N.Y., U.S.A., Nissan A. H.
Published: March 2024

I believe that the most difficult and complex area in the fibre science of paper-making is precisely the theme of the present conference. This is because the subjects we have addressed owe their existence to the interaction of a trinity of complex entities: (1) water, (2) cellulose, and (3) the structure of fibres and paper.
Closing Remarks
Authors: MacLaurin M. I.
Published: March 2024

In closing this symposium I have three things to say. The first is to thank you all for your contributions, both in public and outside this lecture theatre. The stars who were expected to shine have not disappointed us; the others of less renown have either had their say or listened and learned. Everyone has worked hard and I thank you all. The second is the matter of the subject for the next symposium. It will take place in September 1981, probably in Cambridge. We have not yet agreed upon a form of words for the title, but we are fairly well agreed about what we mean. The idea we have is to discuss how we can use our paper science to decide what properties we require from our raw materials and exactly how they should be processed in order to obtain the specified product. Ladies and Gentlemen. Finally it only remains to wish all of you a safe journey home and to hope to meet you all again at our seventh symposium.
Efficacy and Safety of Intramuscular Injections of Vitamin D3 B.O.N. on Serum Vitamin D Levels in Adults with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Prospective, Single-Center, Open-Label Study
Authors: KWAK David Samuel , SUN Hwa Yeon , YOO Byung Wook
Published: March 2024

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common challenge its consequences are studied to be related to diversity of other health concerns. The efficacy and safety in longevity of vitamin D3 B.O.N. 200,000 IU Intramuscular Injection were examined through investigator-initiated clinical trial.Methods: One-hundred and eight subjects between ages of 19 and 65 who showed vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D<20 ng/mL) were initially injected once and were checked every 3 months for the next 12 months for serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels for the drug’s efficacy, and for other safety observations. The percentage of participants maintaining within the normal serum 25(OH)D range were analyzed. Participants who reduced in the serum level below 30 ng/mL during the regular visits were given additional injections.Results: All the subjects showed similar patterns of statistically significant improvements at all times. The percentage of participants remaining in the normal range was higher in the better compliance group. No serious adverse events or severe adverse reactions occurred.Conclusions: Treatment of the vitamin D-deficient subjects with the injection of 200,000 IU vitamin D3 B.O.N. Intramuscular Injection induced a statistically significant increase in blood vitamin D concentration for 12 months demonstrating the clinical efficacy of the intervention. The higher percentage of the better compliance group being within normal ranges strengthens the evidence of the efficacy. No new adverse events or severe adverse events were associated with the injection, demonstrating its safety. Further studies to facilitate development of appropriate guidelines for interventions using vitamin D3 intramuscular injections will be desirable.
Effect of Counting Error Prevention Training on Operating Room Nurses’ Counting Error Prevention Awareness and Perceptions of Patient Safety
Authors: JANG Myung Jin , HONG Mi Kyung , LEE Mi Jeong , LEE Kyung A , KIM Yang Ok , JEON Jin A , KO Hana
Published: March 2024

Background: This study aimed to identify changes in counting error prevention awareness and patient safety perception through counting error prevention education to operating room nurses. Methods: This was a one-group, pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental study. The participants were operating room nurses. A total of 46 nurses were recruited, and data was collected between October 1 and 31, 2022. Measures used for this study assessed counting error prevention awareness and patient safety perception. The data were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: The counting error prevention awareness of the participants increased significantly from 3.68 to 3.95 points before and after education, respectively (t=-5.07, P<0.001), while patient safety perception significantly increased from 3.95 to 4.20 points before and after training, respectively (t=-2.68, P=0.010).Conclusions: Counting error prevention awareness and patient safety perception of operating room nurses prevent fatal damage to patients with surgeries and lower mortality. The results of this study suggest the necessity of various education methods to reduce medical accidents among surgical patients and to raise patient safety perception for operating room nurses.
Factors Affecting Perceived Stress-Cortisol Responses in Young Adults
Authors: SEO Shinae , KIM Chun-Ja , KANG Hee Sun , SCHLENK Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2024

Background: This study examined the distribution of stress-cortisol responses and risk factors affecting perceived stress and cortisol responses among 187 university students in South Korea.Methods: Perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and health-promoting lifestyle were assessed using structured questionnaires. Blood analyses and anthropometrics were used to determine cortisol and cardiometabolic risks. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors affecting stress-cortisol responses.Results: Four groups of stress-cortisol responses were found, including normal (39.0%), high stress (34.8%), high stress-cortisol (13.9%), and high cortisol group (12.3%). Age, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, depressive symptoms, and physical activity were associated with stress-cortisol responses.Conclusions: Multidimensional interventions are needed to reduce stress levels and promote normal stress-cortisol responses.
Mediating Effect of Loneliness on Anxiety and Smartphone Overdependence among Korean Adolescents: Based on the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Authors: LEE Jaeyoung
Published: March 2024

Background: This study aimed to determine the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between anxiety and smartphone overdependence among Korean adolescents.Methods: This national cross-sectional secondary study used data from the 16th (2020) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The sample comprised 54,948 adolescents in middle and high schools. The mediating effects were analyzed using the procedure of Baron and Kenny and the Sobel test. Results: Anxiety impacted both loneliness and smartphone overdependence (P<0.001). Additionally, loneliness was identified as a factor influencing smartphone overdependence (P<0.001). Loneliness demonstrated a statistically significant mediating effect in the relationship between anxiety and smartphone overdependence (P<0.001).Conclusions: It was concluded that smartphone overdependence increases with the heightened maladaptive emotions of adolescents, such as anxiety and loneliness. These findings confirmed the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between anxiety and smartphone overdependence.
Applications of food extrusion technology
Authors: Sule Stephen , Okafor Gabriel Ifeanyi , Momoh Owoicho Clement , Gbaa Stephen Terpase , Amonyeze Ahunna Onyinyechi
Published: March 2024

This review explores applications of food extrusion technology. Extrusion cooking, a thermal processing method, applies high heat, pressure, and shear forces to uncooked masses, yielding a broad spectrum of food products like snacks, ready-to-eat cereals, confectioneries, weaning foods, crisp bread, dairy products, pasta, meat analogs and extenders. The characteristics and working operations of the extruded as well as materials used in extrusion processing have been highlighted. Raw materials undergo grinding, conditioning, and extrusion, leading to significant changes in starch, proteins, vitamins, lipids, and fibre. The process not only enhances sensory and nutritional aspects but also reduces lipid oxidation, enhances shelf life, reduces production cost and eliminates anti-nutritional factors. Applications span human and animal foods, value-added products from waste, rice bran stabilization, and oil expelling. Recent advancements in extrusion technology include hot melt extrusion, supercritical carbon dioxide extrusion, 3-D printing, and other innovative applications, making extrusion technology a sustainable and versatile method for meeting evolving market demands, contingent upon specialized knowledge.
Structural evolution of the Earth crust of the East European platform: evidence from the Sarmatian plate. 1. Intra-plate tectonic and stages of the evolution of the Earth’s crust
Authors: Bartashchuk Oleksii V.
Published: March 2024

The problems of intra-plate tectonics and geodynamics of the East European plat- form are analyzed. It is shown that the current status and tectonic position of regional structures on its territory changed during the Phanerozoic as a result of radical inversion rearrangements of the earth’s crust structure. The sources of forces and deformations and the influence of the anisotropy of the lithosphere on the evolution of the Earth’s crust based on evidence from the Sarmatia plate are considered. It is assumed that collision stress in the crust of the plate during the epochs of platform activation in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic caused the movements of Arabia and Africa and the spreading of the crust in the North Atlantic ridge. The platform is characterized by stable meridional collision compression, except for Sarmatia, where the stress axis is oriented to the north-northwest. This is related to the initial anisotropy of the plate lithosphere and its modern longitudinal structural differentiation. The stress from the boundaries of the platform was transmitted inward and absorbed in the mobile belts, which determined their overall plate mobility. The structure-forming role of collision belts in the evolution of the Earth’s crust has been clarified based on data from the Dnipro-Donetsk Paleorift Belt. A model of the evolution of the belt is proposed, according to which the rift was laid by splitting of the «cold» continental crust with displacement by the Pull-apart basin mechanism. The «built-in» anisotropy of the lithosphere of the Sarmatian plate and the lack of a direct connection between the modern segmentation of the Precambrian consolidated crust and the relief of the sole of the seismic lithosphere are considered. Due to the overall plate collision, the basin underwent inversion uplift and folding. As a result of the change in the mode of deformation along the extension of the belt, two heterogeneously deformed segments were distinguished in its structure. The western segment contains the relics of the rift, but in the eastern segment, the structure of the Graben is destroyed by cover-folding deformations. The modern longitudinal structural and material differentiation of the Sarmatian lithosphere has been established. The general orientation and phasing of the structural rearrangements of the Earth’s crust of the Precambrian Craton have been determined. It was found that the processes of evolution of the structure of the East European platform were caused by changes in geodynamic conditions and tectonic deformation regimes. Initial geotectonic data were obtained, and a rational methodology was chosen for further geodynamic interpretation. The distribution and nature of the inversion rearrangements of the Earth’s crust on the terrain of Sarmatia were clarified by reconstructing the stress field in the Phanerozoic epochs using indirect methods of Geomechanics analysis of discontinuous and folding deformations.
Mapping of Groundwater Potential Zones in the Kuzhithuraiyar Sub Basin of Kodayar River, Kanniyakumari District, Tamilnadu: Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and GIS
Authors: Athsha Great Raxana R. , Venkateswaran S.
Published: March 2024

Groundwater plays a very important role for all living beings. It is decisive to have a scientific understanding of groundwater management since, with careful use and replenishment, groundwater may help solve issues. The distribution of groundwater tables, slope, land-form, drainage pattern, lithology, topography, geological structure, fracturing density, opening and connectivity of fractures, secondary porosity, and landuse landcover all affect the occurrence and efficiency of groundwater in an aquifer system. An essential tool for assessing, tracking and protecting groundwater resources is the integration of geospatial techniques such as Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System for the identification of groundwater potential zones. This study aims to find the groundwater potential zones using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and managing the resources by creating different thematic layers such as rainfall, geology, geomorphology, drainage density, soil, slope, lineament and landuse landcover (LULC) of the Kuzhithuraiyar sub basin of the Kodayar river in Tamilnadu using the application of geospatial technologies. The thematic maps for all the thematic layers have been prepared using tools such as Interpolation, contour lines, Classification in ArcGIS 10.8. Theme weight and class rank were assigned to different thematic layers in weighed overlay analysis. The results were validated through field work and groundwater potential map was created. The groundwater potential zonation mapping was done by the overlay analysis in ArcGIS 10.8 software. The obtained map was classified into four categories namely very high groundwater potential zone, high groundwater potential zone, medium groundwater potential zone and low groundwater potential zone. The North Eastern part of the basin is considered as low groundwater potential zone while the Southern portion has high groundwater potentiality. The low groundwater potential zone covers an area of 10.58 sq.km and high groundwater potential zone covers an area of about 388.37sq.km.This study will be helpful for useful groundwater management for different tenacities.
The society of friends of radio and its role in radio and radio broadcasting in Ukraine in the early 30s of the twentieth century
Authors: Nahorniak Maiia
Published: March 2024

This article deals with the activities of such a cultural and educational public organization of Ukraine as the Radio Friends Society. Attention is drawn to the fact that the society was surprisingly successful in reaching a wide audience of Soviet people through radio broadcasting, thus ensuring the fulfillment of one of the tasks of the regime of the USSR and the USSR — the education of a new type of person with a Marxist-Bolshevik worldview. The purpose of the study is to determine the main directions of activity of the Society of Friends of Radio and, on this basis, to outline the ways in which it played an important role in issues related to the organization of radio broadcasting and radio broadcasting in Ukraine in the early 1930s of the 20th century. Among such directions is the deployment of organizational and mass work around radio broadcasting, namely: organization of radio listeners' gatherings, assistance in the organization of high-quality broadcasts, their collective listening and discussion, participation in the organization of local and grassroots broadcasting. Regarding the ways of organizing radio broadcasting and radio broadcasting, the author defined the following: the use of permanent purposeful and systematic political pressure and strict control over all aspects of the activities of the Society of Friends of Radio; constant emphasis on the shortcomings of the work, even the smallest ones, drawing people's attention to it; constant expansion of members of the radio community from different categories of the population, including conscripts, students of technical schools, and high school students; transferring the solution of the material and technical support of radio broadcasting to the shoulders of the radio community; etc.
Induced color charges in magnetized quark-gluon plasma at LHC experiment energies
Authors: Skalozub V. , Hamolskyi I.
Published: March 2024

In quark-gluon plasma (QGP), at high temperature the spontaneous generation of colormagnetic fields, H3(T), H8(T) ≠ 0, and usual magnetic field H(T) ≠ 0 is realized. Also, the classical field –A0(T) condensate directly related to the Polyakov loop – is spontaneously created. The common generation of both within the two loop effective potential was investigated recently for SU(2) gluodynamics. The values of the field strengths and the mechanism of the magnetic fields stabilization due to A0(T) have been discovered.In the present paper, we continue these investigations to detect new effects of QGP. We generalize the SU(2) consideration to the case of full quantum chromodynamics. Then we calculate the induced color charge Q3 ind at the background magnetic field generated at LHC experiment energies and the condensate A30(T). The field A80(T) and the charge Q8ind are zero in the used approximation.We conclude that magnetic fields essentially influence the Q3 compared to the zero field case. The indextension to other type magnetic fields is given and a number of possible effects of this charge are briefly discussed.
Linear resistance limiting the current of intergranular barriers in varistor ceramics
Authors: Ivon А. I.
Published: March 2024

Method for measuring the linear resistivity ρlin, which affects the volt-ampere characteristic (VAC) nonlinearity of varistor materials in a high current region is proposed. For ZnO based varistor ceramics the dependence of ρlin on amplitude density Jmax of current pulse is studied in the range 5 A cm-2 – 4600 A cm-2. At Jmax < 200 A cm-2 a sharp decrease of ρlin with increasing Jmax takes place. This behavior indicates a non-uniform distribution of high current over the cross section of ceramics sample. At Jmax > 1000 A cm-2 ρlin does not depend on Jmax and has a value of 0.49 – 0.50 Ohm cm corresponding to the volume resistivity ρg of ZnO grains. The decrease in nonlinearity of VAC at high currents is due to the formation of conductive paths of electric current between the electrodes of a sample. Along such paths, all intergranular double Schottky barriers are in a reversible electrical breakdown mode, probably due to impact ionization. The current in these paths is limited by small linear volume resistance of the grains. A spread of grain sizes is the reason for existence of current paths with different numbers of contacts between grains and therefore with different breakdown voltages. At voltage increases, the sequential formation of parallel-connected conductive paths occurs. This explains the inhomogeneous distribution of high current over the cross section of a sample at Jmax < 200 A cm-2. At Jmax > 1000 A cm-2 almost all current paths in a sample are switched on and the value of ρlin limiting the barriers current is close to the volume resistivity ρg of grains.
ЧИСЛОВЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КОНЦЕНТРАЦІЇ НАПРУЖЕНЬ У ТОНКОСТІННІЙ КУСКОВО-ОДНОРІДНІЙ ЦИЛІНДРИЧНІЙ ОБОЛОНЦІ З КРУГОВИМ ОТВОРОМ
Authors: Гарт Е.Л. , Халіпов І.О
Published: March 2024

Досліджено напружено-деформований стан тонкостінної кусково-однорідної циліндричної оболонки з одним круговим отвором за різної ширини центральної вставки з іншого матеріалу. На основі проведеного скінченноелементного аналізу визначено вплив геометричних параметрів і механічних характеристик матеріалу вставки на напружено-деформований стан оболонки в місцях локальних концентраторів напружень. Подано рекомендації щодо зниження концентрації напружень
АНТИПЛОСКА ДЕФОРМАЦІЯ БРУСА КВАДРАТНОГО ПОПЕРЕЧНОГО ПЕРЕРІЗУ, ПОСЛАБЛЕНОГО КРУГОВИМ ОТВОРОМ
Authors: Панін К.В.
Published: March 2024

Розглянуто задачу про визначення напружено-деформованого стану пружно-пластичного бруса квадратного поперечного перерізу з круговим отвором в умовах антиплоскої деформації. Запропоновано числовий алгоритм розв'язання задачі, заснований на застосуванні методу скінченних елементів і диференціально-нелінійного варіанту теорії пластичності, що враховує мікродеформації (Новожилова, Кадашевіча, Чернякова), а також його модифікацію для випадків активного навантаження. При різних схемах навантаження побудовані зони пластичності в перерізі бруса. Досліджено вплив історії навантаження на конфігурацію зон пластичності в околі кругового отвору
Archaeology Out of Ice
Authors: Phillips Amy
Published: March 2024

Archaeology Out of Ice (AOOI) is a traveling exhibit currently installed at the Yellowstone Gateway Museum in Livingston, Montana. AOOI was created by Craig M. Lee (Montana State University), Gregory Pederson (US Geological Survey), Dave McWethy (Montana State University), Shane Doyle (Native Nexus), and Nathan Chellman (Desert Research Institute).
Towards Automated and Optimal IIoT Design
Authors: Ebraheem Ali , Ivanov Ilya
Published: March 2024

In today’s world, the Internet of Things has become an integral part of our lives. The increasing number of intelligent devices and their pervasiveness has made it challenging for developers and system architects to plan and implement systems of Internet of Things and Industrial Internet of Things effectively. The primary objective of this work is to automate the design process of Industrial Internet of Things systems while optimizing the quality of service parameters, battery life, and cost. To achieve this goal, a general four-layer fog-computing model based on mathematical sets, constraints, and objective functions is introduced. This model takes into consideration the various parameters that affect the performance of the system, such as network latency, bandwidth, and power consumption. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II is employed to find Pareto optimal solutions, while the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution is used to identify compromise solutions on the Pareto front. The optimal solutions generated by this approach represent servers, communication links, and gateways whose information is stored in a database. These resources are chosen based on their ability to enhance the overall performance of the system. The proposed strategy follows a three-stage approach to minimize the dimensionality and reduce dependencies while exploring the search space. Additionally, the convergence of optimization algorithms is improved by using a biased initial population that exploits existing knowledge about how the solution should look. The algorithms used to generate this initial biased population are described in detail. To illustrate the effectiveness of this automated design strategy, an example of its application is presented.
Petunidin-3-glucoside supplementation causes sex-specific effects on the lifespan and motor function in \(\textit{Drosophila melanogaster}\)
Authors: Bernardo Maria Clarissa S. , Delos Santos Christianna Ella P. , Mabalot Mark Edrex R. , Nas John Sylvester B.
Published: March 2024

Petunidin-3-glucoside (P3G), an anthocyanin prevalent in vegetables, fruits, and wine, possesses noteworthy antioxidant properties attributed to its capacity to scavenge free radicals. This property has sparked interest in the potential for anthocyanins to confer benefits on longevity and age-related motor dysfunctions. In this study, the impact of petunidin-3-glucoside (P3G) on the lifespan and motor function in Drosophila melanogaster was examined, both in the presence and absence of neurotoxic substances, such as glyphosate or ethanol. Varying concentrations of P3G were incorporated into the flies' diet immediately after hatching. Subsequently, distinct sets of flies were subjected to diverse conditions, including a stress-free environment, ethanol exposure, and glyphosate exposure. The survival rate of the flies was monitored daily, and their motor function was assessed using a negative geotaxis assay on days 1, 5, 10, and 15 post-eclosion. Only male flies exhibited an extended lifespan under normal and ethanol-exposed conditions. While P3G did not induce significant alterations in overall motor function for male and female flies across various conditions, intriguing variations were observed at different time points. In female flies, low concentrations of P3G seemed to exacerbate motor function decline during mid to late adulthood, particularly in the presence of glyphosate. Conversely, middle P3G concentration improved motor function in male flies during early to mid-adulthood, a trend consistent regardless of neurotoxic exposures. Taken together, the findings underscore the potential sex-specific effects of P3G on both lifespan and motor function, with observed benefits predominantly applicable to male flies. Nonetheless, while suggestive, a more in-depth investigation is imperative to comprehensively determine whether the advantageous impact of P3G on motor function is exclusive to the early to mid-adult stage. As such, this study presents a foundation that warrants further investigation.
Effect of graphite filler on the physiochemical properties of graphite reinforced thermoset rooflite – unsaturated polyester resin composites
Authors: Karunakaran M. , Subban Ravi , Thangamani A. , Thangavel Chinnaswamy Vijayakumar
Published: March 2024

It is well known that many polymers are insulators with poor mechanical properties, which limit their use in fuel cell applications. Physicochemical properties of the polymers can be improved by adding conductive fillers. Carbon-based materials like graphite, which provides excellent mechanical strength and thermal conductivity to the polymer matrices, is of special interest because of its abundance, low cost and light weight when compared to other carbon allotropes. In the present work we describe the physicochemical properties of rooflite unsaturated polyester resin/graphite composites. Rooflite resin and three of its composites containing 1%, 3% and 5% of graphite by weight (C-2, C-3, and C-4, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR spectral data. XRD showed two peaks at 2q = 27.37°and 55.40° with d spacing value of 3.2559 nm and 1.6571 nm, respectively, indicating the change in degree of crystallinity of the composite. The calculated crystallinity for the resin is 7.3%, and for C-2, C-3 and C-4 its values are 12.1%, 14.3%, 17.1%, respectively, evidencing the interactions between the graphite and polymer matrix. The composites showed fractured surfaces and porous rough structure with randomly distributed vascularized cavities. Agglomeration occurs, when the concentration of graphite increases. The glass transition temperature for the pure resin is 65.9 °C and increases when the resin is filled with graphite. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the composites showed no marked difference between Tmax and Tfinal, and LOI values of C-3 and C-4 are above 21%, making them self-extinguishable materials that could be used for making bipolar plates. The chemical resistance investigation against water, NaCl, NaOH, acetic acid, and toluene showed more resistance to acid than alkali solutions. These rooflite resin/graphite composites could be further studied to explore the possibility of making bipolar plates, which are an essential component of fuel cells.
Empires and Ethnic Communities in Russian History
Authors: Antoshin Alexey
Published: March 2024

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The Chinese Diaspora of the Russian Far East: History, Modernity, and Prospects
Authors: Jinhui Wang
Published: March 2024

This article presents the results of the process of sporadic formation of the Chinese diaspora in the Russian Far East, revealing the most controversial elements of this process. They are the difficulty of defining the meaning of the concept of “Chinese diaspora” and the date of the origin of the diaspora in the Russian Far East; also, the discussion about the size of the Chinese population in the Far East at the boundaries of the eighteenth and nineteenth and twentieth-twenty- first centuries. The author conducts a cluster analysis of the regions of the Russian Far East regarding the functioning of the Chinese diaspora there using data on the area of the Russian Far East regions, population, GRP per capita, and the number of murders per 100,000 people. Each of these indicators characterises the key areas of development of the regions of the Russian Far East. Based on the results of cluster tree construction, the identification of three groups of subregions of the Far East and map zoning of the region, it is revealed that the geographical proximity of these sub-regions to the Chinese territory has a much stronger influence on the formation of the Chinese diaspora than the economic factor. Yakutia, which accounts for 42 percent of the Chinese diaspora in the Far East, can be singled out separately.