bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMING GRADUATE EDUCATION: Developing Leaders for the 21st Century
Authors: Rhee Kenneth S. , Sigler Tracey Honeycutt
Published: November 2020

What would a graduate program look like if its purpose was to create transformational leaders? How and what would we teach? How and what would students learn? How would students work together? What would be the role of the faculty? This paper describes the creation and delivery of a graduate program that develops students as transformational leaders. The paper also outlines the paradigmatic shifts in design principles used in the program to achieve our purpose. The outcome assessment of students’ leadership competencies at the conclusion of the program showed marked improvement. In a final reflection paper, students share the impact the program has had on transforming their lives.
THE RESCUE MISSION OF THE WILD BOARS SOCCER TEAM, THAILAND: A Case Study on Leadership in Emergencies
Authors: Kuri Subrato , Young Carmen , Kaufman Eric , Droste Tyler , Weeks Emily
Published: November 2020

During the summer of 2018, the world was captivated by news about the Wild Boars soccer team, trapped in a cave in Thailand. This paper analyzes instances of leadership in the internationally-coordinated rescue effort. We share a lesson plan to support critical thinking in the roles of different leadership approaches and theories to apply this knowledge in a similar context. We present our methodology for developing this lesson plan and identification of leadership within the case; highlighted approaches include followership, servant leadership, situational leadership, and team-based leadership. We also pose three ethical issues that emerged within rescue operations. Educators can incorporate analysis of emergency response cases in their teaching to public sector officials to learn about various leadership styles that describe their approach. Our paper includes a risk management development plan exercise, incorporating a real-life emergency response incident.
COMPETITION AS LEADERSHIP PEDAGOGY: An Initial Analysis of the Collegiate Leadership Competition
Authors: Rosch David M. , Headrick Jason
Published: November 2020

The Collegiate Leadership Competition (CLC) is a fast-growing tool for post-secondary student leadership development. There, teams practice with a coach for several months, then compete against teams from other institutions to win competitions based on achieving outcomes and demonstrating effective leadership practices (e.g., authentic collaboration, positive conflict management techniques). In this study, 135 students participated in at least one wave of data collection. Initial results suggested that leadership capacity among participants showed a steady increase from initial pre-test through their competition date to a post-test measured months later. Scores among participants who identified as a man or woman did not statistically differ. These findings, though initial, may indicate that placing students in competitive environments can serve as an important tool to support their leadership development.
EVALUATING LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT OF EXECUTIVE PEER NETWORKS USING SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS
Authors: Sarpy Sue Ann Corell , Stachowski Alicia
Published: November 2020

Social Network Analysis has been posited as a useful technique to determine if leadership development programs are an effective intervention in developing social ties and enhancing connectivity among leaders in an organization. Evaluations can examine the extent to which the leadership development programs create and catalyze peer networks. This study used Social Network Analysis to evaluate the development of a peer leadership network and resulting relationships among leaders participating in a leadership development program. Several predictions were made about the development of participants’ task, career, and social networks, generally predicting enhanced “esprit de corps” with their peer leaders over time. Thirty top executives in local public health were selected to participate in a 12-month national leadership development training program. Peer network development was documented at three time points across the programmatic year at 6-month intervals. The results demonstrated that while leaders’ social networks increased over time, friendship networks increased more slowly than did acquaintance networks. The task-related networks involving interactions to solve problems, and career networks for seeking advice and support increased over time, with task-related and advice-related networks stabilizing by the end of the second workshop. Implications for developing peer leadership networks are discussed.

The authors would like to acknowledge the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the National Association for County and City Health Officials and for their support of this research.
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF THE ACADEMIC ADVISOR IN LEADERSHIP EDUCATION
Authors: Spratley Sophie
Published: November 2020

Despite the relevance of academic advising to the college student experience, there is little research to define the role of academic advisors in leadership education. This study uses qualitative case study research to explore the role of the academic advisor in the leadership education process within institutions of higher education. The findings and resulting implications provide context for creating a more holistic approach to leadership education through the maximization of advising relationships. Academic advisors can leverage their knowledge of student development theory, leadership education, and their role in the higher education process to maximize their advising relationships and facilitate student leadership development.
INTENTION/REFLECTION (I/R) PRACTICE TO ENGAGE STUDENT LEADERS
Authors: Fierke Kerry K. , Lepp Gardner A.
Published: November 2020

This mixed method study explores how a simple educational practice known as Intention/Reflection (I/R) may be applied to student leadership development to facilitate transformational learning. The study included Pharm.D. students within a leadership elective course (n=242) across five years of courses (fall 2014 to fall 2018). Further research was conducted with students participating in two additional leadership courses, spring 2016 (n=24). These students completed a quantitative pre- and post-survey regarding perceptions of the I/R practice. A statistically significant increase was identified in the way students valued the I/R practice in educational settings. Students reported the intention activity helped them focus their learning reflection on specific self-development goals. They also reported the I/R practice helped them identify, solidify, and track their leadership development needs. In addition to course content and leadership skills, students reported that the I/R practice helped them learn about their own strengths, weaknesses, and needs as emerging leaders. The study also includes student perceptions of its utility as a tool in their professional growth. Furthermore, the I/R practice has the potential to provide a large source of information to help educators enhance their learning environments, by capturing student perceptions of the learning environment, and assessing how students are connecting learning activities and course material to their own development. This formative information can be useful as educators develop learning activities, assess developmental gains, and evaluate the effectiveness of their leadership instruction.
SIGNIFICANT LEARNING OF PEER-MENTORS WITHIN A LEADERSHIP LIVING-LEARNING COMMUNITY: A Basic Qualitative Study
Authors: Dunn Allison L. , Moore Lori L.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the learning experienced by second-year undergraduate students serving as peer mentors to first-year students within a leadership-themed living-learning community. A basic qualitative approach was used, with data collected from semi-structured interviews conducted with participants at the beginning and end of their year-term as peer mentors. The interview transcripts were coded using Fink’s (2003) taxonomy of significant learning, where lasting change is a consequence of the learning. Five of the six categories of significant learning were evident, suggesting that the experience of being a peer mentor within a leadership-themed living-learning community creates lasting change within the peer mentors. Additionally, this study reinforces Fink’s (2003) claim of the interactive rather than hierarchical nature of learning.
LEADING BY EAR: Podcasting as an Educational Leadership Tool
Authors: Norsworthy Charlotte , Herndon Keith
Published: November 2020

This innovative practice paper explains how a student-produced podcast is used as an educational tool to showcase leadership and ethics. It illustrates how podcasting provides a unique pedagogical experience for students to engage with leadership themes in a way that is accessible, practical, and relevant. In this example, the podcast episodes become an innovative teaching resource, while the creation of it provides an experiential learning opportunity for the student hosts. In creating the work, students develop essential critical thinking skills, and the students who engage with the podcast are introduced to valuable leadership concepts.
USING DESIGN THINKING AS A STUDENT-CENTERED APPROACH TO ENHANCE AN UNDERGRADUATE LEADERSHIP PROGRAM
Authors: Banter John , Egan John , Hayes Kimberly , Phillips Ben
Published: November 2020

It is widely understood that distinctive leadership programs must engage in assessment, and intentional program improvement practices. Design thinking can serve as one student-centered tool that engages students in the assessment process, while looping feedback into substantive programmatic changes. This paper explores the use of this innovative practice to enhance a co-curricular leadership program at a large university in the Southeastern United States. Practitioners found that design thinking was a useful supplemental assessment tool that led to positive programmatic changes that were focused on students’ needs.
TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERSHIP EDUCATION USING ARTS-BASED STORYTELLING
Authors: Hobson Tess , Benavides Mac , Seay Aliah Mestrovich
Published: November 2020

Arts-based learning is a powerful approach that leadership educators should consider to enrich student learning. By employing an arts-based storytelling pedagogy, leadership educators can engage learners in the power of their lived experiences (Sutherland & Jelinek, 2015). At a large Midwestern research university, leadership educators have utilized an illustrative activity called the Little Buddy as a central pedagogical element to enhance student learning in regards to their cultural identity development and how this emerges in their understanding and practice of leadership. The Little Buddy activity is shaped and supported by literature in intercultural leadership, culturally relevant leadership learning, critical reflexivity, and arts-based narrative; and draws upon the power of storytelling as a pedagogy. Practitioner reflections and recommendations for practice will also be discussed.
DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP CAPACITY USING VISUAL THINKING STRATEGIES
Authors: Kakim Saya , Priest Kerry
Published: November 2020

In this innovative practice paper, we will illustrate how discursive practices of Visual Thinking StrategiesTM (VTS) can foster leadership development capacity of college students. We will show how VTS aligns with constructionist perspectives to post-heroic leadership grounded in discursive approaches to leadership development. This arts-based pedagogy advances leadership development through dialogue and sense-making.
AN ENGAGED SCHOLARSHIP APPROACH TO CREATE AND EVALUATE A LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS
Authors: Franzen Roberta Maldonato
Published: November 2020

Expectations continue to evolve in today’s work environment. An innovative practice between university and industry partners has emerged as a response to these expectations. In this trend, programs prepare college students with essential skills before entering the workforce. One such partnership created a leadership development program for workforce preparation using proven best practices and theories. The 70-20-10 framework, developed by researchers and authors working with the Center for Creative Leadership, blends challenging experiences (70%), coaching/mentoring (20%), and formal training (10%) to strengthen participants’ leadership acumen (Johnson et al., 2018, McCall et al., 1988). Kirkpatrick’s four-level model of training evaluation was adopted to evaluate changes in reaction, learning, behavior, and results. This paper presents an engaged scholarship approach to create and evaluate a leadership development program committed to preparing the next generation.
TEACHING SERVANT LEADERSHIP: Ansar Burney and Child Camel Jockeys
Authors: Dryburgh Martinella
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to provide leadership studies educators with a resource to examine the work of a leader who displays characteristics of servant leadership. The lesson allows students to study a modern servant leader by examining their work on a specific issue and how their efforts resulted in significant change in an area of human rights. Using a YouTube video for this lesson makes this a teaching tool that can be implemented in face-to-face class meetings or online learning environments.
USING IMPROVISATION TO DEVELOP LEADERSHIP FOR A VOLATILE WORLD
Authors: Dufresne Ronald L.
Published: November 2020

Many scholars have noted the critical skills needed for leaders in the face of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA). These skills include self-awareness, listening, communication, adaptability, critical thinking, and collaboration. Students who are able to develop these skills would be better equipped to lead in settings where the answers—and even the questions—are unknown. This paper details an approach to developing leadership skills to prepare undergraduate leadership students for a VUCA world, through the use of a classroom workshop on improvisational comedy. I have refined this improv workshop over sixteen course iterations spanning the past nine semesters, and students commonly point to the workshop as one of the most challenging and rewarding class sessions of the course. In this paper I review the literature that has informed my approach, explain the learning objectives addressed by the improv workshop, describe the approach I use, share quantitative and qualitative data that illustrate the success of the approach, and share my lessons learned, all in service of supporting colleagues who wish to try this approach.
EXAMINING A CHAIN REACTION OF LIES: Using Chernobyl (Miniseries) to Teach Ethical Leadership
Authors: Cenkci Ada T.
Published: November 2020

Classroom leadership instruction can be monotonous at times, especially for undergraduate students, who may not have extensive experiences to connect course content to “real world” applications. A number of scholars have indicated that popular culture resources can be beneficial in fostering the active engagement of participants during the learning process. This article explains how the 2019 Chernobyl historical drama television miniseries can be used to illustrate ethical theories. In addition, the article offers discussion questions to guide the facilitators in classroom interaction.
ELEVATING LATINA VOICES OF LEADERSHIP: Latina Student Leaders’ Beliefs, Approaches, and Influences to Leadership
Authors: Haber-Curran Paige , Tapia-Fuselier Nicholas
Published: November 2020

There is a recent call for and emergence of leadership research that purposefully centers students’ social identities and lived experiences in order to gain more nuanced understandings of college student leadership development and elevate marginalized voices in the leadership narrative. In this qualitative study, the researchers focused on the leadership approaches of Latina college student leaders at Hispanic Serving Institutions and the influences that shape their approaches to leadership. The findings reveal participants’ unique forms of capital as well as sources of on-campus support that shape and influence their leadership beliefs and styles, including a focus on community, a commitment to making a positive impact, and non-hierarchical approaches to leadership.
LEADING COLLABORATIVE CHANGE IN AN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Kaufman Eric. K. , Mitra Shreya , Anderson James C. , Coartney Jama S. , Cash Carol S.
Published: November 2020

Organizations can effectively apply a variety of strategies for leading and accelerating desired change. As a practical illustration, this article evaluates an organizational change effort within the United States’ Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA), analyzing the restructuring of its worldwide school system through Kotter’s accelerators for leading change. A cornerstone of DoDEA’s effort was the creation of three Centers for Instructional Leadership (CILs), whose mission is to improve student achievement by developing educational leadership and supporting instructional excellence. The development of DoDEA’s CILs presents a valuable case for understanding the leadership necessary for successful organizational change, particularly in light of Kotter’s model.
EXPLORING ALUMNI VALUATION OF AN UNDERGRADUATE LEADERSHIP PROGRAM
Authors: Egan John , McBrayer Juliann Sergi , Tolman Steven , Wells Pamela
Published: November 2020

Limited research exists that assesses the transfer of leadership learning from an undergraduate leadership program into alumni work environments. This study explored alumni’ valuation of an undergraduate leadership program by gaining an understanding of what leadership learning and leadership behaviors transferred into work environments. The participants were alumni that graduated from the same university in the southeastern United States, and while enrolled completed a four-year, co-curricular leadership program. Eight participant alumni engaged in semi-structured interviews as well as completed the Leadership Practices Inventory. The findings indicated that specific leadership learning did effectively transfer to work environments, and program alumni were frequently engaged in the Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership at work to some degree. When developing leadership programs, practitioners may consider incorporating similar programmatic attributes and leadership learning deemed valuable by program alumni.
THE LEADERSHIP LABORATORY: A leadership practice field involving peer mentors in a first-year, project-based class
Authors: Watkins Adam
Published: November 2020

Scholars of leadership education have recently called for more “practice fields” that combine leadership experience with deliberate instruction, reflection, and feedback. The value of experience and reflection toward leadership development is widely espoused; yet, few studies assess best practices for their integration within leadership education. Through an assessment of a curricular-based peer mentor program, this article offers a potential model for a successful leadership practice field. Based on an analysis of student feedback, several features of the program are noted for their correlation with leadership learning and developmental gains.
LEADERSHIP STUDIES IN THE CROSS ROADS
Authors: Francovich Chris
Published: November 2020

This paper describes a collaborative curriculum project integrating 4 leadership programs at three academic levels. What emerged from this effort was a theoretical model understood as a boundary object that allows our diverse perspectives a space within which we can communicate, collaborate, and learn from each other.
Information Integration Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying the Face-to-Face or Online Statistics Test Anxiety Judgments of Engineering Students
Authors: Morales-Martinez Guadalupe Elizabeth , Garcia-Collantes Angel , Hedlefs-Aguilar Maria Isolde , Charles-Cavazos David Jose , Mezquita-Hoyos Yanko Norberto
Published: November 2020

This study examined information integration cognitive mechanisms underlying the test anxiety judgments of 474 engineering students. The experimental design considered the orthogonal combination of three factors (teaching style, exam type, and test mode), resulting in 12 experimental scenarios. During the experiments, participants were provided one scenario at a time and were asked to rate their anticipated anxiety level in the described situation. Subsequent analyses failed to reveal statistically significant differences in the anxiety levels reported by females and males. However, the factor selection and valuation female students adopted to make their anxiety judgments differed from those employed by their male peers. Cluster analysis identified three groups based on the anxiety level (low, medium, and high). The most relevant factor for all clusters was test mode, and only the medium anxiety group considered a second factor (exam type) to make their anxiety judgments, which was integrated through an additive cognitive rule. These findings suggest that participants place a higher weight on the examination context than its type when making their test anxiety judgments. Identifying these cognitive mechanisms underlying test anxiety could help regulate conditions that undermine the students' ability to cope with test anxiety.
Motivation and Learning Strategies: Student Motivation Affects Student Learning Strategies
Authors: Hariri Hasan , Karwan Dedy Hermanto , Haenilah Een Yayah , Rini Riswanti , Suparman Ujang
Published: November 2020

Despite being a popular research subject internationally, self-regulated learning is relatively under-investigated in the Indonesian context. This article examined student learning motivation and its use as an indicator to predict student learning strategies in an Indonesian school context. This article applied quantitative research design, with Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) used to collect the data. This questionnaire was completed by 408 public high secondary students randomly selected from the population in Lampung Province schools, and multiple regression was used to analyze the obtained data. Results show that student motivation and learning strategies were positively and significantly correlated; three predictor variables of student motivation could significantly predict learning strategies; and value components of student motivation best predicted learning strategies. In conclusion, these findings indicate that, when teachers apply learning strategies, such variables as motivation including value, expectancy, and affective components should be strongly considered to be in place. It is hoped finally that the students will be self-regulated learners for their success.
Middle cerebral artery territory infarction in a COVID-19 patient: a case report
Authors: Pinzon Rizaldy , Wijaya Vincent Ongko , Paramitha Dessy
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly invades the respiratory system, yet previous reports have shown unusual manifestations of COVID-19, including cerebrovascular events. However, detailed case reports are still lacking. A 57-year-old male presented with sudden unconsciousness and right side lateralization for 6 hours before hospital admission. His test results were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The head computed tomography (CT) scan showed infarction within the middle cerebral artery region. The scan was repeated 48 hours after admission and showed a massive infarct in the left hemisphere with hemorrhagic transformation. A chest CT showed the appearance of bronchopneumonia with ground-glass opacities in both lungs. The patient's condition was rapidly deteriorating, and he died on the third day after admission. Our findings suggest that ischemic vascular events may simultaneously develop due to the progression of COVID-19. A hypercoagulable state and vascular endothelial dysfunction have been proposed as complications of COVID-19 and are risk factors of thrombotic vascular events.
Direct mapping from diffuse reflectance to chromophore concentrations in multi-fx spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) with a deep residual network (DRN)
Authors: Zhao Yanyu , Deng Yue , Yue Shuhua , Wang Ming , Song Bowen , Fan Yubo
Published: November 2020

Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is an emerging technology that enables label-free, non-contact, and wide-field mapping of tissue chromophore contents, such as oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations. It has been shown that the use of more than two spatial frequencies (multi-fx) can vastly improve measurement accuracy and reduce chromophore estimation uncertainties, but real-time multi-fx SFDI for chromophore monitoring has been limited in practice due to the slow speed of available chromophore inversion algorithms. Existing inversion algorithms have to first convert the multi-fx diffuse reflectance to optical absorptions, and then solve a set of linear equations to estimate chromophore concentrations. In this work, we present a deep learning framework, noted as a deep residual network (DRN), that is able to directly map from diffuse reflectance to chromophore concentrations. The proposed DRN is over 10x faster than the state-of-the-art method for chromophore inversion and enables 25x improvement on the frame rate for in vivo real-time oxygenation mapping. The proposed deep learning model will help enable real-time and highly accurate chromophore monitoring with multi-fx SFDI.
Adaptation to the eye’s chromatic aberration measured with an adaptive optics visual simulator
Authors: Fernandez Enrique J. , Suchkov Nikolai , Artal Pablo
Published: November 2020

Some aspects of vision after correcting the longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of the eye are not yet completely understood. For instance, correcting the LCA notably alters the through focus visual acuity (VA) curve, but it does not improve the best VA obtained for the natural case. In this work, vision with corrected LCA is further investigated by using an adaptive optics visual simulator (AOVS). VA was measured continuously during 20 minutes in 5 subjects under both natural and corrected LCA conditions to explore possible adaptation effects. Low contrast VA as a function of time exhibited a consistent and significant boost of 0.19 in decimal scale after an average time of 10.9 minutes of continuous testing. For high contrast, only one subject showed a similar increase in VA. These results suggest that some LCA neural adaptation may exist, particularly for low contrast. This adaptation impacts the performance of vision under corrected LCA, and possibly prevents measurement for immediate visual benefit. The results have practical implications for the design and visual testing of optical aids, especially those correcting, or altering, the LCA.
Low noise, self-referenced all polarization maintaining Ytterbium fiber laser frequency comb: erratum
Authors: Li Yihan , Kuse Naoya , Rolland Antoine , Stepanenko Yuriy , Radzewicz Czesław , Fermann Martin E.
Published: November 2020

We provide a corrected figure of our previous publication [Opt. Express 25, 18017 (2017)10.1364/OE.25.018017].
One-shot color mapping imaging system of light direction extracted from a surface BRDF
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi
Published: November 2020

The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) describes several features of a material surface. A one-shot imaging system is proposed here to obtain an in-plane color mapping of light direction corresponding to surface BRDF distribution. Measurement of a surface inclination angle distribution and detection of microstructure on material surfaces are shown to be attainable by the proposed imaging system.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF XANTHONE SUM IN TERMS OF MANGIFERIN IN AERIAN ORGANS OF SPECIES OF GENUS HEDYSARUM L. BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: Imachuyeva Dzhavgarat Ruslanovna , Serebryanaya Fatima Kazbekovna , Zilfikarov Ifrat Nazimovich
Published: November 2020

Preparing of the antiviral and antibacterial medicinal plants is a promising task of native pharmacy. In this regard, it is interesting to study species of the genus penny, namely Hedysarum caucasicum M.Bieb., Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall., Hedysarum daghestanicum Rupr. ex. Boiss., the regions of distribution, chemical composition and known pharmacological properties will allow to justify directions of their rational use, as well as creation of new phytopreparations of antiviral action on the basis of medicinal raw materials. During the complex pharmacognostic studies of three species of Hedysarum L. we have developed the method for isolation and quantitative determination of the sum of xanthones in terms of mangiferin by UV spectrophotometry. The technique takes into account the basic physical and chemical properties of xanthones, is characterized by reproducibility, high accuracy, simplicity of implementation, allows to carry out both screening evaluation of various raw objects containing mangiferin derivatives, as well as standardization of the prepared medicinal plant raw material of the penny. The developed methods are tested on the aerian organs of Hedysarum L. species, collected and dried taking into account the rules and requirements of drug raw material procurement. As a result, Hedysarum caucasicum M.Bieb herb (0.624%) was found to be the highest quantitative amount of xanthone sum in terms of mangiferin. The obtained results show the prospect of further research of the aerian part of the Hedysarum caucasicum M.Bieb. as an additional source of mangiferin. The method of quantitative determination of xanthone sum in the list for mangiferin in the above-ground part of Hedysarum caucasicum M.Bieb; Based on the obtained data, it has been found that the proposed technique is highly sensitive, reproducible and usable.
METHODS OF PREPARATIVE ISOLATION OF ISOALANTHOLACTONE AND ALANTHOLACTONE FROM ELE-CAMPANE ROOT
Authors: Semakov Alexey Vladimirovych , Klochkov Sergey Georgiyevich
Published: November 2020

Alantolactone and isoalantolactone accumulate in large quantities in elecampane (Inula helenium L.) roots, however, their isolation in individual states is difficult due to the same chromatographic mobility. This work presents various working methods for producing alantolactone and isoalantolactone as individual substances from elecampane root in multigram quantities. Although alantolactone and isoalantolactone can be isolated simultaneously when separated on silica gel with impregnated silver nitrate, it is more practical to obtain alantolactone or isoalantolactone from the extract of elecampane roots separately. Pure isoalantolactone can be isolated by repeated crystallization from 75% aqueous methanol. Another, faster, method of producing isoalantolactone is to react a mixture of elecampane lactones with dimethylamine or morpholine. Isoalantolactone in the form of an adduct with an amine is readily separated by crystallization and then regenerated through the preparation of a quaternary ammonium salt. Alantolactone is conveniently produced in large quantities through the oxidation of isoalantolactone in a mixture of selenium dioxide to more polar lactones, which are separated chromatographically. Hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide or potassium periodate can be used as co-oxidizing agents.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ALCOHOL EXTRACTS OF PARTICLES OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L. DECORA-TIVE NEON MARK BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS-SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Pervova Marina Gennad'yevna , Burgart Artem Andreyevich , Samorukova Mariya Andreyevna , Shatunova Tat'yana Viktorovna , Semenovykh Marina Vadimovna , Burgart Yanina Valer'yevna , Saloutin Viktor Ivanovich
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the component composition of alcoholic extracts of particles of Calendula officinalis L. decorative Neon mark: stalks, roots, leaves, flowers, etc., by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. As a result of the study, more than 30 biologically active compounds (BAС) were identified that belong to different classes of organic compounds (including sesquiterpens, hydrocarbons, fatty acids and their ethyl esters, phytosterols). Their relative quantitative assessment was calculated by the method of internal normalization. It was found that the mass yield of extractable substances depends on the part of the plant used: the maximum (about 10%) from the petals and flowers, the minimum (less than 1%) from the roots. It has been established that the detected BAC is contained in all parts of the plant, but their content varies greatly: the most enriched are petals and flowers, the least - the stems, leaves, roots. Vitamin E is found only in flowers, flower petals and calyxes. The presence of a large number of phytosteros in Calendula officinalis L. is of interest for further pharmacognostic studies of this plant.
THE SORPTION CAPACITY OF MOSSES AND LICHENS OF ZAURALIE IN RELATION TO LEAD IONS
Authors: Mostalygina Lidiya Vital'yevna , Elizarova Svetlana Nikolayevna , Kostin Aleksandr Vadimovich
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study is mosses and lichens of the Kurgan region for use as sorbents of heavy metals.

The sorption of lead ions (II) is studied on the native and mechanochemically activated samples of true moss (Pleurozium schreberi), white moss (Sphagnum fuscum), lichen genus cladonia: cladoniaforest (Cladonia sylvatica) and cladonia horned (Cladonia cornuta), growing in the ecologically clean districts of Zauralie.

The concentration of lead ions in model solutions has been measured ionometrically (ion-selective electrode – XC-Pb-001). The specific surface area of natural sorbents has been determined using the classical dynamic method of low-temperature adsorption of inert gases (Sorbi®-MS device).

Sorption isotherms have been obtained. The sorption kinetics has been studied. Equilibration time varies from 30 to 45 min. It is shown that the maximum sorption of lead ions (is) on white moss (a=0.25 mmol/g). The mathematical treatment of sorption isotherms has been fulfilled, actual values of empirical constants of Freundlich’s and Langmuir’s equations and correlation coefficients have been calculated. Langmuir’s model is most suitable to describe the sorption processes.

All the used sorbents are macroporous. The mechanochemical activation of moss and lichen with solid sodium hydrogen carbonate leads to an increase in the sorption of lead ions (II) by 2–3 times, which is an indirect confirmation of the ion-exchange mechanism of sorption.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EUPHORBIA TRIODONTA PLANT POLYPHENOLS BY CHROMATO-MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Ziyavitdinov Zhamollitdin Fazlitdinovich , Abdulla Rahima , Oshchepkova Yuliya Igorevna , Abdulladzhanova Nodira Gulyamzhanovna , Salikhov Shavkat Ismailovich
Published: November 2020

The aim of this work is to study the composition of polyphenols contained in plants of Euphorbia triodontus Prokh., growing throughout the Republic of Uzbekistan, in particular the Ferghana Valley region, using a high-performance liquid chromatograph with a diode-matrix detector (HPLC-DAD) and a tandem chromato-mass spectrometer (HPLC – Q-TOF-MS/MS).

The roots of the plant Euphorbia triodontus Prokh., growing on the territory of Uzbekistan, collected in the period after flowering, studied the polyphenolic composition. For the first time from this type of Euphorbia, the method of stepwise hydrophobic chromatography was used to isolate polyphenolic fractions. By HPLC, as a result of semi-preparative chromatography, 6 individual compounds were isolated from the fraction eluted with a 20% methanol solution in the amount of: E-20-1 – 7 mg, E-20-2 – 22 mg, E-20-3 – 14.2 mg, E-20-4 – 41 mg, E-20-5 – 11.4 mg and E-20-6 – 32 mg. As a result of mass spectrometric analyzes, it was established that the polyphenols isolated in an individual state consist of gallic acid and glucose linked by an ester bond: O-galloyl-β-D-glucose. The structure of individual compounds was determined: E-20-1 – 1-O-meta-trigalloyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(4-O-β-D)-1-O-meta-trigalloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-2 – 1-O-meta-trihalloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-3 – 1-O-meta-tetragalloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-4 – 1-O-meta-trigalloyl-4-O-haloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-5 – 2,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and E-20-6 – 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose.
IMPROVING THE METHOD OF QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF CAROTENOIDS IN THE RAW MATERIAL “ROSEHIP FRUIT”
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Sharova Ol'ga Vladimirovna , Afanaseva Polina Valeriyevna
Published: November 2020

The fruits of wild rose (Fructus Rosae) have been widely used in both traditional and officinal medicine for the long time. The pharmacological effect of the Rosehip medicine is related to the content of such biologically active compounds as: water-soluble (ascorbic acid) and fat-soluble (carotenoids) vitamins, as well as flavonoids (astragalin, isoquercitrin, tiliroside). Such medicine as Holosas, Carotolin and Rosehip syrup are obtained from the fruits of this plant. In addition, wild rose fruits are part of the various fees from which patients could prepare water infusions at home themselves.
Regulatory documentation provides for the analysis of Rosehip raw materials three parameters: the content of ascorbic acid, the total carotenoids and flavonoids. The quantitative content of the total carotenoids in the fruits of the rosehip is regulated for the production of rosehip oil and Carotolin. However, in our opinion, the method of quantitative determination of the total carotenoids, described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition, is too complicated and contains an unreasonably entered coefficient in the formula, leading to an overestimation of the analysis results in 10 times.
We have developed the methodic of quantitative determination of the total carotenoids in Rosehip, that include single extraction of raw materials with hexane at room temperature and periodic mixing in the ratio of «raw material : extract» 1 : 30. Investigated solution there was obtained by diluting the hexane extract in the ratio of 2:25 and measured the optical density at wavelength 450 nm. Adjustments have been made to the formula for the calculating of the total carotenoids relating to the removal of the coefficient 10 unjustifiably entered into the pharmacopoeial methodic. It was determined that the content of the total carotenoids calculated on ß-carotene varied from 10.15 to 74.5 mg%. The metrological characteristics of the methodic indicate that the error of a single determination of the total carotenoids in the rosehip fruits with a 95% confidence level is ± 3.57%. Based on the results of the studies, a new test quality indicators “content of the total carotenoids at least 30 mg%” was substantiated instead of 300 mg%.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF COMPLEXOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CAL-CIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN MEDICINAL PLANT MATERIALS (ON THE GRASS PERSICARIA MACULOSA GRAY.)
Authors: Chistyakova Anna Sergeyevna , Gudkova Alevtina Alekseyevna , Trineeva Ol'ga Valer'yevna , Sorokina Alla Anatol'yevna , Vasil’eva Sof'ya Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the study of the mineral composition of plant objects is undoubted. In plant organisms, macro and micronutrients are present in an easily digestible form. The macroelements most accumulated in plants include calcium and magnesium, whose sources are members of the family Polygonaceae Juss, in particular the genus Persicaria Mill. The aim of the work was to develop a technique for quantitative complexometric determination of calcium and magnesium in plant raw materials after the burning procedure and its validation.

As a result, optimal conditions for the quantitative determination of calcium and magnesium in plant objects were experimentally selected using the example of Persicaria maculosa Gray. mountaineer grass using complexometric titration after ashing and calcination. For the determination of calcium, the optimum pH value is 11–12, the acidic indicator is dark blue – chromium, the optimum pH for magnesium is 8–9, the indicator is pyrocatechol violet. The calcium content in the plant varies from 0.12% to 0.58%, the amount of magnesium is about 0.02%. The relative error of the mean determination with a 95% probability was no more than 1.60% and no more than 1.84% when determining calcium and magnesium, respectively. Studies have shown the validity of the developed methodology for indicators of authenticity, precision (convergence, reproducibility), specificity, linearity.
FLAVONOIDS FROM THE BUDS OF THE HORSE CHESTNUT (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.)
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Belov Pavel Viktorovich
Published: November 2020

The buds of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hippocastanaceae family) is a new promising species of medicinal plant raw material. The prospect of studying the buds of this plant is due to the content of flavonoids in them, which have a wide range of pharmacological effects. Flavonoids are interesting for their capillary-strengthening action, which allows them to be used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. This fact is consistent with the practice of using drugs from other organs of horse chestnut (seeds, leaves) as venotonic and angioprotective drugs. In addition, flavonoids are also characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
The actuality of the study of horse chestnut buds as a new type of medicinal plant material is also supported by the need to develop of the new effective and safe drugs based on the raw materials of this plant.
The aim of this study was to determine the flavonoid composition of the buds of Aesulus hippocastanum. In the course of the work from the buds of horse chestnut by the method of column chromatography on silica gel L 100/160 was for the first time there were isolated and characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry the flavonoid compounds rhamnocitrin (7-O-methylkaempferol), and accompanying 7,4′-dimethylkaempferol. The dominant and diagnostic significant flavonoid for the horse chestnut buds is rhamnocitrin. The results indicate the prospects for further study of the buds of the horse chestnut as a new type of medicinal plant raw materials.
COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ONION ANGULAR (ALLIUM ANGULOSUM L.), GROWING IN THE BAIKAL REGION
Authors: Bazhenova Bayana Anatol'yevna , Yegorova Raisa Alexandrovna , Zabaluyeva Yulia Yurievna , Burkhanova Anastasia Galimzyanovna
Published: November 2020

The article presents data on the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the organs of onion angular (Allium angulosum L.), growing in the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia. Allium angulosum L. has in its composition biologically active compounds, including those with antioxidant properties, which indicates a high potential and prospects for the use of this plant for food purposes. The aim of the work was to assess the chemical composition and total content of antioxidants in dried samples of leaves and stems of onion angular (Allium angulosum L.), growing in different conditions of the Baikal region. The study of carbon and nitrogen in different plant organs revealed that the carbon content is higher in stems, nitrogen in the leaves in all samples of onion angular, grown in different conditions. It is noted that in the organs of Allium angulosum L., growing on typical cold black earth, the content of the studied elements is higher in comparison with their content in other experimental samples. It was revealed that the stems and leaves of angular onions accumulate in their composition trace elements K, Na, Li, Mg, Ca. The study of the total content of antioxidants indicated that leaf extracts have in their composition more antioxidants than stems, regardless of the place of growth. The high content of antioxidants in Allium angulosum L. provides inhibition of oxidative processes in the storage of pork fat, which introduced crushed dried leaves of Allium angulosum L.
INFLUENCE OF EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY ON THE CONTENT OF PHENOLS, FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIOXI-DANT ACTIVITY FOR HIPS (ROSA L.), OAK BARK (QUERCUS ROBUR L.), ROOT RHENA (RHEUM OFFICINALE), GINSENG ROOT (PANAX L.), KIDNEY BIRCH (BETULA L.)
Authors: Makarova Nadezhda Viktorovna , Ignatova Dinara Fanisovna , Eremeeva Наталья Борисовна
Published: November 2020

Plant materials have huge untapped potential in Russia. It has potential antioxidant properties, contains a large number of biologically active substances. As a result of a comparative study of the content of phenols, flavonoids, anti-radical ability according to the method with 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent, restoring forces according to FRAP method with 2,4,6-tri (2-pyridyl)-1,3 reagent, 5-triazine in extracts obtained by three different extraction technologies (maceration 37 °C for 2 hours, microwave irradiation 800 W 1 min, ultrasonic treatment 37 °C, 37 kHz 90 min) from plant materials: rosehips (Rosa L.), oak bark (Quercus robur L.), rhubarb root (Rheum officinale), ginseng root (Panax L.), birch buds (Betula L.) on the advantage in the level of the studied indicators for the technology of extracts using innovative effects – ultrasonic irradiation. Extracts of plant materials are potential sources of antioxidant substances and can be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic industry and as components of food systems. A general trend is observed, which was observed in the study of various indicators: concentrated extracts, in which phenolic compounds and flavonoids are preserved after concentration (rhubarb root extract and birch bud extract), exhibit the best antiradical activity and restoring power; then, as with their destruction, other indicators fall.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF CAROTENOIDS IN THE FRUITS OF CHINESE LYCIUM CHINENSE MILL.
Authors: Kurdyukov Yevgeniy Yevgen'yevich , Semenova Yelena Fedorovna , Moiseyeva Inessa Yakovlevna , Gavrilova Natal'ya Aleksandrovna , Ponomareva Tat'yana Andreyevna
Published: November 2020

The objects of the study were Mature dried fruits of Chinese birch (Lycium chinense Mill., this. Solanaceae (Solanaceae)). Four samples were examined: No. 1 (Gifts of Pamir, Russia), No. 2 (Gullin Tianhe Pharmaceutical, China), No. 3 (A. J. Alliance, Russia), No. 4 (Globaltorg, Russia). The purpose of this work is to determine the amount of carotenoids in the fruits of Chinese by spectrophotometry.

The quantitative determination of the amount of carotenoids in the raw material of Chinese Dereza was carried out. Thin-layer chromatography was used to confirm the presence of carotenoids in the fruits of Dereza. The expediency of using the spectrophotometric method for the detection and quantitative determination of carotenoids in extracts from the fruits of Chinese birch is substantiated. The electron spectra of hexane, acetone and acetone-hexane solutions in the wavelength range 400–500 nm have a maximum optical density at 450±2 nm, characteristic of β-carotene. The optimal conditions of extraction of carotenoids from the raw materials of this plant (extractant – hexane; ratio "raw material–extractant" – 1 : 5; extraction time – 90 minutes; the degree of grinding of raw materials – 0.5 mm). It was determined that the error of a single determination of the content of carotenoids in the fruits of Chinese Dereza with a confidence probability of 95% is ±3,49%. It was revealed that the content of carotenoids in the raw material of Chinese Dereza varies in the range of 33–39 mg%.