bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE GLOMERULI‐BOUND ANTI‐RENAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE ACTIVE ANTIBODY AS THE PATHOGENETIC FACTOR OF HUMAN CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Masugi Yozo , Sugisaki Yuichi , Ishizaki Masamichi
Published: December 2008

To clarify the pathogenetic factor of human chronic glomerulone‐phritis (CGN), acidic citric buffer eluates of the renal basement membranes (RBMs) purified from the kidneys obtained at autopsies and corresponding sera of 7 CGN, one Alport's syndrome and 22 other renal or non‐renal disease cases were immunopathologically examined.

The renal eluates from all CGN cases contained certain amount of immunoglobulins especially IgG, the quantities of which roughly paralleled with the morphological activities of glomerular changes. Most renal eluates from CGN cases showed not only in vitro anti‐RBM antibody activity by Boyden's method of passive hemagglutination against the trypsin or collagenase digested and solubilized human RBM, but also in vivo glomerulonephritis producing capacity to rat kidneys with mobilization of complement fraction to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) after intravenous administration to the animal. These findings lead to the postulation that considerable number of human CGN cases might be caused by anti‐RBM active autoantibody, which might have been in some way produced in the bodies and fixed to the RBM especially to the GBM, conducting initiation and progression of CGN course.

As to the antigenic determinant(s) of RBM against anti‐RBM antibody, it was suspected that protein or polypeptide moiety of RBM constituents plays a more important role than polysaccharide moiety of glycoprotein or glycopeptide.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF SO‐CALLED DIFFUSE MYELOMA WITH PYROGLOBULINEMIA
Authors: Watanabe Kishichiro , Konishi Keiko
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 62 year‐old Japanese woman who showed marked hyperglobulinemia and anemia with two kinds of M‐components (IgG(L), Bence‐Jones protein(L)) and pyroglobulin was presented.

There was no tumor formation detectable by repeated roentogeno‐graphic examinations in the skeletal system during the clinical course of one year and two months or on the autopsy table.

Histologically, however, infiltration of plasma cells showing only mild atypia was noted diffusely in the bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes. There was also a considerable infiltration of the same in the liver, kidney, ovary and lung. While, throughout the clinical course, leukemic increase of plasma cells in the peripheral blood was not found. No significant underlying chronic disorders were disclosed.

Fairly rapid down‐hill course, a myeloma pattern of the serology and the pathological findings of this case denoted primarily a neoplastic proliferative disorder of the plasma cell, and thus this was diagnosed as so‐called diffuse myeloma.

A short review was made on the literatures of diffuse myeloma and pyroglobulinemia.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS IN RATS INDUCED BY N‐NITROSO‐METHYL‐UREA
Authors: Ishida Yoichi , Tamura Masaru , Kanda Hiroshi , Okamoto Koichi
Published: December 2008

Histopathological examinations were made on tumors of the nervous system induced in rats of Donryu strain by weekly intravenous injections with N‐nitroso‐methyl‐urea (NMU) or by a single administration of NMU through the mothers. A total of 176 neural and nonneural neoplasms were produced in this study. It was suggested that the fetal nervous system of Donryu rats was also highly susceptible to the oncogenic effects of NMU. Of these tumors produced, those of the peripheral nervous system amounted to 121, comprising 68.7% of the total number of the neoplasm. Microscopically, most of the nerve tumors showed the histology corresponding to that of human neurinomas. Many tumors, however, disclosed more or less anaplaetic cytological appearance. Fifteen gliomas were produced in the brain and spinal cord. Microscopically, they were classified into mixed glioma, oligondendroglioma and anaplaetic astrocytoma. The commonest brain tumors produced in rats from intravenously treated group were periventricular mixed gliomas, while gliomas in rats from transplacentably treated group showed an isomorphic histology with a close resemblance to that of oligodendroglloma.
THE FORMATION OF ENLARGED AND GIANT MITOCHONDRIAIN THE AGING PROCESS OF HUMAN HEPATIC CELLS
Authors: Sato Tsuneko , Tauchi Hisashi
Published: December 2008

Measurement of area, circumference and total length of membrane profile of mitochondria of hepatic cells in 61 human biopsy materials (age range 21 to 81 years) have been ultramicrometrically performed on electron micrographs, supplemented by electroncytochemical examination of cytochrome c oxidase activity in some cases. The mitochondria decreased in number after 60 years of age. The first stage of compensation for the numerical loss of mitochondria was achieved by an increase of cristae in each mitochondrion, followed with a five year lag by an increase in their size. Formation of enlarged and giant mitochondria in aging process following the significant decrease in their number, may be considered to be of similar mechanism to polyploidization of the nucleus, whose division is interfered.
INDUCTION OF METASTASIZING CARCINOMA IN RATS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Harada Yoshio
Published: December 2008

Induction of a spontaneously metastasizing carcinoma in rats was attempted.

Four‐week‐old Sprague‐Dawley female rats were thymectomized or/and splenectomized and fed 200 mg (20 mg×10) of 3‐methyicholanthrene from 7 weeks of age. In addition to these treatments, the early‐appearing tumors were excised in order to select by isoimmunity the late‐appearing ones that were less antigenic. The latter were easily transplanted into normal syngeneic female rats with metastasis to remote organs. This metastasizing capacity of the tumor became an inherent character in syngeneic normal rats from generation to generation of transplantation. With one of these tumors (MRMT‐1) many cancer cells were histologically detected in circulating blood 3 days after tumor transplantation and arrested in capillary beds of lungs. The spontaneous metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs was macroscopically found within several weeks after tumor transplantation.
SEQUENTIAL MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF ULCERATION IN THE GLANDULAR STOMACH OF RATS INDUCED BY IODOACETAMIDE
Authors: Shirai Tomoyuki , Takahashi Michihito , Fukushima Shoji , Tatematsu Masae , Hananouchi Motoo , Ito Nobuyuln
Published: December 2008

Two groups of 25 male Wistar rats were given 0.1% iodoacetamide (IAM) with or without 0.4% Tween 60 in their drinking water for 12 weeks. Two or three rats from each group were sacrificed at intervals for sequential morphological observations on ulceration of gastric mucosa. The ulcers invariably developed in the fundic region adjacent to the limiting ridge, and they penetrated the muscle coats and extended to the serosal Mng on continuous treatment with IAM for 9 weeks. The ulcers appeared chronic, but when IAM was discontinued the healing process began rapidly and the mucosa regenerated almost completely within six weeks. Regenerating epithelium on areas of ulcer differentiated progressively, and the renewed mucosa showed pyloric metaplasia.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF METASTASIZING PROTUBERANT DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA
Authors: Ishii Toshiharu , Koide Osamu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of metastatic dermatollbrosarcoma protuberans (DP) together with the results of four sequential biopsies performed during his illness was reported. In this case, the tumor recurred repeatedly for 38 years in spite of intensive treatments. Finally, the tumor metastasized to the bilateral lungs, retroperitoneum and lumbar vertebrae. The direct cause of death was renal stones which may have been related to paraplegia of the lower limbs due to the vertebral metastasis. The metastasis appeared to have started at the time when the tumor showed marked atypism histologically. It was also recognized that there was an obvious difference in atypism between recurrent and metastatic tumors.
LIGHT and ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE BONE MARROW and BLOOD CELLS IN CHRONIC PANMYELOSIS INCLUDING POLYCYTHEMIA VERA and PRIMARY THROMBOCYTHEMIA
Authors: Nagai Kazunori , Kamata Yoshimasa , Kimitra Masamichi , Chiba Yoichi
Published: December 2008

Both bone marrow and peripheral blood were Investigated light and electron microscopically in 3 cases with polycythemia vera, 2 cases with primary thrombocythemia and 1 case with panmyelosis. In 5 cases the peripheral blood showed persistent increase in cells of two or three hematopoietic systems. Giant thrombocytes in the peripheral blood were seen in 3 cases. Erythroblasts, granulocytic young forms, and megakaryocytes were often observed in the blood. Histologic bone marrow examination showed prominent proliferation of all 3 hematopoietic cells in every case. Cytological and electron microscopical examinations of the bone marrow revealed many mitotic figures, morphological abnormalities, and unbalanced nucleocytoplasmic maturation in various hematopoietic cells. These findings suggested that the proliferation of all 3 hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow was not simply reactive in nature, but an idiopathic progressive process. It is considered that these disorders and primary myelosclerosis represent no separate entities and must be unified as “chronic panmyelosis”.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE TUMOURLET OF THE LUNG WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CYTOGENESIS OF PROLIFERATING CELLS
Authors: Torikata Chikao , Kawai Toshiaki , Yakumaru Kazuhiro , Kageyama Keizo
Published: December 2008

Eight foci of tumourlets of the lung and one allied lesion obtained from autopsy cases were histologically examined. The tumourlet of the lung consisted of epithelial cells and was considered to be a benign lesion. Small sized‐lesion, uniformity of proliferating cells with very few mitosis and existence of associated lung lesions were documented as characteristic findings. However, the histopathogenesis of the tumourlet was not fully clarified.

It was found that proliferating cells of tumourlets often show argyro‐philia and contain numerous neurosecretory‐like granules in their cytoplasm. These characteristics are very similar to Kultschitzky‐like cells of the lung.
CONGENITAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY ASSOCIATED WITH MICROPOLYGYRIA ‐ REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: Murakami Toshikazu , Konishi Yumiko , Takamiya Masako , Tsukagoshi Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

This is a report on two autopsy cases of congenital muscular dystrophy assoicated with micropolygyria. The first case was that of an 11‐year‐old boy and the other of a 22‐year‐old male adult. Both cases had similar clinical features, very early onset of disease, diffuse and extensive wasting of skeletal muscles including facial muscles, contracture of joints, hypotonia and mental retardation. In the familial histories of these two cases, the parents of the boy were consanguineous, and a sister of the adult case suffered from muscle weakness and mental retardation. Both of these two cases were clinically diagnosed as congenital cerebromuscular dystrophy (Fukuyama's type). Autopsy revealed marked dystrophy of generalized skeletal muscles and widespread micropolygyria of the brain in both cases. Spinal cords and peripheral nerves were free from any prominent changes. It was concluded that so‐called congenital cerebromuscular dystronphy may be caused by myogenic as well as neurogenic abnormalities during fetal period.
HYPOPHOSPHATASIA ‐ STUDY ON TWO AUTOPSY CASES
Authors: Habada Masaoki , Misugi Kazuaki
Published: December 2008

The autopsy findings of two cases of Infantile hypophosphatasla are described and compared with those of 16 previously reported cases.

Histochemical and biochemical tissue analysis for alkaline phosphatase showed a marked decrease in activity in liver, kidney, and bones. However, intestinal alkaline phosphatase possessed normal or slightly elevated activity. Nephrocalcinosis is a frequent complication and its development depends on hypercalcemia and length of survival of the patient. Electron microscopic findings are illustrated, and a mechanism for the development of nephrocalcinosis is proposed. For the first time, marked elevations of parathyroid hormone were detected. This finding, coupled with the extreme difficulty in locating the parathyroid glands in cases of hypophosphatasla, is enigmatic. Areas for future investigation are suggested.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS OF INTRA‐HEPATIC ARTERIES
Authors: Seez Peter , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

Up to date, pathologists have rather ignored the existence of arteriosclerosis of intra‐hepatic arteries. In 1000 necropsies the sections of the liver and other organs have been examined microscopically, and the intimal thickening of intra‐organ arteries of different size has been evaluated and compared with each other. It could be confirmed that sclerosis of intra‐hepatic arteries does exist to almost the same degree as in the intra‐organ arteries of the pancreas and the spleen. In cases of liver cirrhosis, relatively large intra‐hepatic vessels present a more severe extent of arteriosclerosis. Causal relationships are discussed.
ANALYSIS OF CARCINOID GRANULES IN RELATION TO A RECENT CONCEPT OF CARCINOIDS AS ENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS OF THE PRIMITIVE GUT SYSTEM
Authors: Soga Jun , Tazawa Kenji , Sano Muneaki , Kohro Takeo , Morooka Hisashi , Karaki Yoshio , Takahashi Shuichi
Published: December 2008

On twenty carcinoids from various sites of origin, tissues which were formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded for routine histology and three of these also from fresh tissues as control material were ultrastructurally evaluated. In all of these carcinoids primarily diagnosed on the basis of light‐microscopic morphology, specific secretory granules identifiable as those of an endocrine type were demonstrated, thus confirming one aspect of our recent hypothesis that carcinoids were a group of neoplasms originating from endocrine or related cells of several sorts distributed in the primitive gut system. The size, shape and range of density of carcinoid granules in paraffin‐embedded tissues were almost identical to those in conventionally processed tissue from fresh specimens, and valuable, if adequately processed, to confirm the final diagnosis, when fresh tissues were not available. Our present findings suggest as well that even a single carcinoid may be composed of endocrine or endocrine‐like cells of more than two types, although the possibility that they are in different stages of a functional cycle still exists.
EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA (MIXED GERM CELL TUMOR) OF THE OVARY
Authors: Mukada Takeo , Aida Kunio
Published: December 2008

The purpose of this paper Is to report a case of embryonal carcinoma (mixed germ, cell tumor) of the ovary. Clinical data indicated significant levels of both alpha‐fetoprotein and HCG with good correlation to the clinical course. Histologically the tumor showed teratoma, embryonal carcinoma with embryoid bodies and syncytiotrophoblasts, endodermal sinus tumor and dysgerminoma in the order of predominance. Emphasis was focused upon the close relationship of these histologic types to one another. The transitions from one histologic pattern to the other seemed to have occurred by means of duct system which was composed of ducts and their dilated forms commonly seen in teratoma, embryonal carcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor. These facts support, though indirectly, totlpotential cells as a source of germ cell tumor. Subtle questions were given to the notion of endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumor.
FINE STRUCTURAL COMPARISON OF EWINGS SARCOMA WITH NEUROBLASTOMA
Authors: Nakayama Iwao , Tsuda Nobuo , Muta Hiroo , Fujii Hideharu , Tsuji Kouichi , Matsuo Takeshi , Takahara Osamu
Published: December 2008

Two cases of Ewing's sarcoma and two of neuroblastoma, rosette forming and round cell type, were studied electron microscopically and their fine structures were compared. The neoplastic cells of Ewing's sarcoma were characterized by aggregated glycogen particles in the cytoplasm. They had pseudopod‐like cytoplasmic processes having tight junctions, which never contained microtubules or mitochondria. Ewing's sarcoma cells exhibited several stages of cell maturation and some mature cells possessed a large amount of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, large Golgi complexes and numerous phagosomes containing glycogen particles as well as cytoplasmic organelles. The neoplastic cells of neuroblastoma, rosette forming type, were characterized by synaptic junctions and numerous cytoplasmic processes with production of neurites containing microtubules, neurofibrils, mitochondria and a few catecholamine granules. A few cytoplasmic processes containing mitochondria were observed even in the round cell type.
EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS‐LIKE FEATURES INDUCED BY PROLONGED SENSITIZATION WITH FOCAL ANTIGENS
Authors: Koizumi Fumitomo , Kozima Keniti , Shinoda Yoshio , Kitamura Shiro
Published: December 2008

Prolonged sensitization with emulsion of an autologous or isologous subcutaneous abscess of Arthus type induced by injection of hen egg‐white was performed in 34 rabbits which were divided into (high responder and intermediate responder groups (H‐ and M‐groups) according to individual difference of immune responses. The development of a rheumatoid factor‐like substance (RFLS) was demonstrated after 30 experimental days and subsequently observed in 21 out of 33 rabbits. There was no significant difference in the incidence of RFLS between both groups. As to the relation between the development of RFLS and types of focal antigens, the group of the autologous W‐substance showed a higher incidence of RFLS than the N‐substance. Acute and/or chronic synovitis was demonstrated in 13 of 33 rabbits and inflammatory changes were more intensive and extensive in the later period of experiment. Presence of RFLS in the affected synovial tissues, chiefly in the cytoplasm of plasma cells and mononuclear cells, occasionally in a free state was revealed by immunofluorescent study, and depositions positive for IgG and beta 1C were observed in the wall of blood vessels and fibrinous thrombi in the affected synovial tissues.
MYOCARDIAC CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL RENAL FAILURE—A LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY*
Authors: Maeda Naotake
Published: December 2008

The experiments we described in this paper demonstrated that the myocardiac lesions without hypertension could be produced by renal failure in rabbits; after this experimental renal failure, increase in blood urea nitrogen and various functional and morphological changes suggestive of heart lesions appeared.

The main structural changes in the heart were cellular edema with dilatation of the sarcotubular system, destructive changes of the mitochondria and contractile elements, and coagulative degeneration. These myocardiac lesions are induced by renal failure, and are probably caused by electrolyte imbalance, metabolic disorder, and/or hemodynamic abnormality rather than by hypertensive or toxic factors.
MALIGNANT HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA OF THE HEART WITH HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Saito Kiyoko , Takeuchi Yoshimi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 30‐year‐old house wife with malignant hemangioendothelioma of the heart was reported. This case was also accompanied by marked anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukoerythremoid reaction and hypofibrinogenemia. The spread of tumor was so wide that only the alimentary tract and the skin were free from metastases of the tumor. Many of the metastatic foci showed marked hemopoiesis intra tumori. A short discussion was made on the hematological abnormalities associated with vascular tumors.
PARTICIPATION OF BLOOD BORN CELLS IN RAT MASUGI NEPHRITIS
Authors: Morita Takashi , Kihara Itaru , Oite Takashi , Yamamoto Tadashi
Published: December 2008

Participation of blood born cells in rat Masugi nephritis was investigated with ultrastructural demonstration of peroxidase, in addition to conventional light and electron microscopies. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes appear immediately and transiently after injection of nephrotoxic serum. Hypercellularity in the early stage of the disease is consisted mainly of monocytemacrophage. Proteinuria and infiltration of few monocytes are persistent through the course up to 124 days and focal sclerosis with hyaline material appears in the later stage.
EFFECT OF REPEATED BLOODLETTING ON THE INCIDENCE OF 2,7‐FAA‐INDUCED RAT LEUKEMIA
Authors: Takayama Shojiro , Fujiwara Mutsunori
Published: December 2008

The oral administration of N,N′‐2,7‐fuorenylenebisacetamlde (2,7‐FAA) induced leukemia, especially mature granulocytic leukemia, in rats. 2,7‐FAA was administered to the rats of the Wlstar strain and a small amount of bloodletting was repeated for a long period. The incidence of leukemia and mature granulocytic leukemia became elevated by bloodletting. The induction of mature granulocytic leukemia might be increased by the promotion of granulopoiesis which had been supressed by 2,7‐FAA.
ZONATION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Wakabayashi Takashi , Asano Masahisa , Kurono Chieko , Kishimoto Hidemasa
Published: December 2008

Isolation procedures for mitochondria from the zona glomerulosa of the bovine adrenal cortex are described in comparison to those isolated from the zona fasciculo‐reticularis. The cristal membranes of mitochondria in the zona glomerulosa in situ are tubular or tubulo‐vesicular, whereas those of mitochondria in the zona fasciculo‐reticularis in situ are vesicular. When mitochondria are isolated from the former zone, they Invariably showed a condensed configuration regardless of isolation media, whereas those isolated from the latter zone in a ST medium showed an orthodox configuration. When Ca2+ was added to mitochondria isolated from either zone in an STE medium in the condensed configuration, transition from the condensed to the orthodox configuration took place; the cristel membrane of mitochondria from the zona glomerulosa became tubular or tubulo‐vesicular and those of mitochondria from the zona fasciculo‐reticularis became vesicular. Purity of mitochondria thus obtained from the zona glomerulosa was examined by electron microscope and marker enzymes. Coupling efficiency of mitochondria was found to be remarkably affected by temperature during the isolation procedures and a choice of substrates.
ZONATION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX II. EFFECT OF BSA ON COUPLING EFFICIENCY OF MITOCHONDRIA ISOLATED FROM THE ZONA GLOMERULOSA OF THE BOVINE ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Wakabayashi Takashi , Asano Masahisa , Kurono Chieko , Ozawa Takayuki , Kishimoto Hidemasa
Published: December 2008

Effect of bovine serum albumin on coupling efficiency of mitochondria Isolated from the zona glomerulosa of the bovine adrenal cortex in various media was examined polarographically and electron microscopically. Albumin restored the coupling efficiency of mitochondria isolated from the zona glomerulosa regardless of isolation media when succinate or malate was oxidizable substrate. Respiratory controls greater than 5 were obtained. Albumin, however, had no effect when glutamate, β‐hydroxybutylate and pyruvate were the oxidizable substrates. The conditions have been found under which mitochondria of the zona glomerulosa stay In the orthodox configuration and yet coupled.
ZONATION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Wakabayashi Takashi , Asano Masahisa , Kubono Chieko , Ozawa Takayuki , Kishimoto Hidemasa
Published: December 2008

A microsomal fraction was obtained from the zona glomerulosa of the bovine adrenal cortex. Glucose‐6‐phosphatase activity of the fraction was found to be much lower than that of the liver. Contents of RNA and phospholipids, besides electron microscopic findings, of the fraction also Indicate that it is rich In smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Distribution of cytochrome P‐450 in the zona glomerulosa was studied using various fractions including the microsomal fraction described above. The amount of cytochrome P‐450 in mitochondria and that in microsomes were determined to be 0.73 and 0.32 nmoles/mg protein, respectively. The GO‐difference spectrum was affected not only by the concentration of added deoxycholate but also by the Incubation time after addition. Approximately 40‐50% of cytochrome P‐450 in the samples were converted to cytochrome P‐420 within 20‐30 seconds of incubation with deoxycholate.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURES OF MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA OF BONE
Authors: Inada Osamu , Yumoto Tokichi , Furuse Kiyoo , Tanaka Toshio
Published: December 2008

Five cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma originating in the femur and tibia, sometimes with local recurrences, are reported. Histological and clinical characteristics of this lesion were similar to those in soft tissues with the same disease. The present histiocytomas were observed by electron microscopy and shown to consist of 5 types of neoplastic cells which were regarded as undifferentiated cells, histiocyte‐like cells, which were predominating, flbroblast‐like cells, multinucleated giant cells and xanthomatous cells. These findings led us to confirm the existence of malignant fibrous histiocytoma originating in bone as well as in soft tissues.
CYSTIC GOITER WITH SQUAMOUS‐CELL METAPLASIA–CASE REPORT AND COMMENT ON ORIGIN OF SQUAMOUS‐CELL CYST–
Authors: Ohashi Hirofumi , Sato Akio , Tanabe Yusuke , Shimokawa Kuniyasu , Ojima Akitsugu
Published: December 2008

A 53‐year‐old woman with a left unilocular cystic goiter of the size of a small orange was reported. Approximately four‐tenths of the inner surface was lined with several layered squamous epithelium with few follicles remaining. A gradual metaplastic transition from the follicular epithelium to the flattened cuboidal and to the squamous epithelium was observed. The ultimo‐branchial body has been understood to be a possible origin of an entirely squamous cell cyst of the thyroid, three of which have been reported. The difference between the ultimo‐branchial and metaplastic origins will be discussed, and a new designation‐primary (ultimo‐branchial) and secondary (metaplastic) squamous‐cell cyst will be proposed.
NATURE OF JUVENILE POLYPS IN THE LARGE INTESTINE
Authors: Kozuka Sadao
Published: December 2008

Forty‐five juvenile polyps were found among approximately 390 mucosal polyps of the large Intestine. Various degrees of epithelial pseudostratlflca‐tion were found among juvenile polyps and the larger‐sized polyps of both juvenile type and adult one fended to have a more advanced degree of epithelial pseudostratincation. The glands of both juvenile polyps and adult ones revealed a closely resembled or almost identical pattern of size‐distribution‐pattern of the glandular size in both normal mucosae and hyperplastic mucosae of long‐standing ulcerative colitis. Transition of juvenile polyps into adult ones was suggested by the cases with increase in numbers of glands and their orifices to the surface of the polyp and there were some polyps showing an intermediate form between juvenile polyps and adult ones. On the basis of histologic characteristics and age incidence of the patients, it may be said that a juvenile polyp is an immature variant of an adult polyp. ACTA PATH.
SECONDARY LIPIDOSIS IN LEUKEMIA
Authors: Miyasaki Kichihei , Murao Shinichi
Published: December 2008

Foam cells in the spleen, bone marrow, liver and lymph nodes were examined on the 73 reliably recorded and sampled leukemia autopsy cases encountered at Kobe University from 1958 to 1972. Although the substances stored in the foam cells were biochemically unknown, the foam cells In leukemia could be morphologically classified into two types: The one was identified with the Gaucher type, but the other was not identified with the sea‐blue type and might be considered as to be the transitional type described in another report. Foam cells could be found in the spleen of 6 out of 12 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia, one out of 2 cases of chronic lymphatic leukemia, one out of 7 cases of leukemic lymphosarcoma, one out of 9 cases of acute lymphatic leukemia, and none in 3 cases of monocytic leukemia. In acute myeloid leukemia, the incidence of foam cells in the spleen was 47.5% in 40 cases, and acquired lipidoses were more frequently seen in cases under 19 years of age, in male cases, in cases with an enlarged spleen over 400 g, and in cases of over 4 months’duration.
HISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS WITH HIGH SALT SOLUTION
Authors: Hirano Tom
Published: December 2008

The response of the adrenal cortex In weanling Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR, OKAMOTO and AOKI) and Wistar‐Kyoto Rats (WKR) when given 1% NaCl In drinking water was studied histochemically and electron microscopically. The development of hypertension was accelerated in SHR given 1% NaCl in drinking water. The thickness of the zona glomerulosa In WKR receiving 1% NaCl in drinking water remarkably diminished following the course of experiment and lipid droplets In the zona glomerulosa decreased gradually. The zona glomerulosa cells revealed shrinkage of the cells and a decreased number of mitochondrial crlstae were observed at three weeks of experiment. The remaining tubular crlstae of mitochondria possessed a milled outline. Golgi apparatus became small and fragmental. Membrane ‐bounded dense bodies were prominent in the peripheral portion of the cell and around Golgl apparatus. In SHR given 1% NaCl in drinking water, the width of the zona glomerulosa less diminished. A marked decrease in number and size of lipid droplets was seen. However, there was no distinct alteration of cytoplasmic organelles. These morphological changes were discussed from the standpoint of functional state In the zona glomerulosa with relation to the development of hypertension in SHR.
LATENT VAGINAL CHORIOCARCINOMA IN A POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMAN
Authors: Sonobe Hiroshi , Taguchi Kohji , Ogawa Katuo , Yoshioka Tamotsu
Published: December 2008

A 50‐year‐old Japanese female with choriocarcinoma showed three unusual features: the primary tumor developed in the vagina ectopically without uterine lesion; the first symptoms of atypical vaginal bleeding and coughing occurred 23 years after the last pregnancy; and the tumor appeared during postmenopause. The possible mechanisms for the ectopic location and latency are discussed.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF TYPE II GLYCOGENOSIS
Authors: Asukata Ichiro , Aizawa Shigeo , Kosakai Mamoru , Kirino Yuji , Ishikawa Eisei
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of Type II glycogenosis was reported with detailed description of ultrastructural findings. In addition to two typical patterns of glycogen deposition, membrane‐bound lysosomal glycogen and membrane‐free cytoplasmic glycogen, we observed numerous vacuolar structures in liver cells and a large deposition of homogeneous materials between fragmented myocardial fibrils. These findings were briefly discussed in this manuscript.
A STUDY ON MALLORY BODIES
Authors: Okamura Kazuhiro
Published: December 2008

Mallory bodies (MBs) were isolated from the livers of 8 alcoholic patients and a malignant hepatoma occurring in a non‐alcoholic patient. MBs were isolated in large quantity and high purity. The isolates were devoid of liver cell organelles except in the case of malignant hepatoma where dense and membranous material resembling nuclear substances and endoplasmic reticulum were found. The "nuclear" material had continuity with MBs. Electron microscopic examination suggested the presence of a dense body and very fine filaments within in situ and isolated MBs in addition to the tubular structure of so‐called MB fibers. Amino acid analysis indicated that the major component of MBs is a protein which does not contain unusual amino acids or any particular amino acid in a large quantity to characterize this protein. The isolated fractions were solubilized in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride by sonication or in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with 2 mercapto‐ethanol and 8 M urea. The solubilized MB protein produced 3 peaks by Sephadex G 100 chromatography and at least five intense protein bands by SDS polyacryl‐amide gel electrophoresis. Serum sample and the fractions from control livers contained several protein bands which were similar to the major components of isolated MB protein. These morphological and biochemical findings suggest that MBs are not homogeneous protein, but they are probably complexes of various proteins and that some components of MBs are present in normal hepatocytes.
3H‐THYMIDINE LABELED MAST CELLS IN MICE TREATED WITH 20‐METHYLCHOLANTHRENE: PROLIFERATION OF PRECURSOR CELLS, THEIR TRANSFORMATION INTO MAST CELLS AND MIGRATION OF THE LATTER
Authors: Takeoka Osamu , Ashihara Tsukasa , Tada Narashi
Published: December 2008

In an attempt to clarify the kinetics of Increase of mast cells, autoradiographic studies were performed on the mice which received a painting of 20‐methylcholanthrene on the skin. In the first experiment, mice received 20‐methylcholanthrene painting on their back for two, four and eight weeks. A fourty‐eight hours’cumulative labeling with 3H‐thymidine was performed directly before sacrifice. No labeled mast cells were found in the painted skin, despite a marked increase of mast cells in number. In the second experiment, mice received 20‐methylcholanthrene painting for thirty‐one days. A twenty‐four hours’cumulative labeling was performed three, five, seven, fourteen, twenty‐one and thirty‐one days before sacrifice. A high labeling index of mast cells, up to 61.29%, was obtained in each group. When the time lapse between the time of cumulative labeling and the sacrifice is long, the labeling index is higher In the subcutaneous tissue, and when the time lapse is short, the labeling index is higher in the subepidermal tissue. From these results it was concluded that; 1) An increase of mast cells is due predominantly to the proliferation of precursor cells and their transformation into mast cells. 2) The proliferation of precursor cells occurs mainly in the subepidermal layer of the skin. 3) After the transformation, mast cells may migrate into the deeper layer of the skin.
THE ROLE OF COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RABBIT MASUGI NEPHRITIS
Authors: Watanabe Teruo , Tanaka Kenzo
Published: December 2008

The role of coagulation and fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of rabbit Masugi nephritis was studied. Fibrinolytic activity of urine decreased rapidly to the minimum values at the peak of the disease. Histologic observations showed a severe proliferative glomerulonephritis. Immunofluorescent studies revealed localization of rabbit gamma globulin along the glomerular basement membrane in a typical linear pattern. Fibrin was positive in glomeruli not only within fibrinoid deposits, but also often diffusely In the places where no obvious fibrin was detected in histologic sections. Bright strands of fibrin was present between the cells forming a crescent. Electron microscopy indicated accumulation of fibrinoid materials beneath the endothelium. The basement membrane was damaged by the deposition of fibrinoid and followed by massive escape of intracaplllary contents into the Bowman's space. Abundant fibrin and fibrinoid were seen in newly formed “monocytlceplthelial” crescents. Todd's fibrinolysis autography revealed diminished fibrinolytic activity in the severely affected glomeruli. Treatment with heparin prevented crescent formation and glomerular disorganization, while treatment with t‐AMGHA Increased fibrin and fibrinoid deposition and aggravated the glomerular injuries. It was concluded that the coagulation‐fibrinolysis system could play an Important role in the course of rabbit Masugi nephritis.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE “NON‐PATHOLOGIC” HUMAN PITUITARY GLAND
Authors: Uei* Yoshio , Kanzaki** Masaki
Published: December 2008

The ultrastructure of “non‐pathologic” human pituitary gland obtained from eight cases at autopsy, who received no hormonal therapy and who revealed no significant changes in the pituitary and its target organs, was investigated in an attempt to identify human adenohypophyseal cells by comparing their secretory granules with those of experimental animals. Besides the follicular cell, Ave different granulated cell types were distinguished The Type I cell contained abundant, dense secretory granules (350–500 mμ across). The Type II cell was characterized by dense granules, which were the largest in size (500–700 mμ across) and the most irregular in shape. Granules of the Type III cell were less characteristic (200–300 m/t) across). The Type IV cell contained dense granules, which were the smallest in size (100–150 mμ across) and were characteristically arranged along the plasma membrane. The Type V cell was characterized by the presence of small, haloed granules (100–200 mμ across). The cells of these five types could presumably be the somatotroph, lactotroph, gonadotroph, thyrotroph and corticotroph, respectively.
ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS OF DIFFUSE PULMONARY FIBROSIS OF RATS EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED BY IONIZING IRRADIATION
Authors: Aiba Motohiko
Published: December 2008

The right lungs of Sprague‐Dauley rats were irradiated with single doses of 1000 r, 2000 r or 3000 r to Induce radiation pneumonitis and diffuse fibrosis, and the alkaline and acid phosphatase (Al‐Pase, Ac‐Pase) activities of the lungs were observed histochemically. Only the lungs irradiated with 3000 r steadily exhibited sequential changes leading to radiation pneumonitis and subsequent diffuse fibrosis, whereas the lungs irradiated with 2000 r developed only some degree of radiation pneumonitis. Alveolar capillary endothelia in the lesion of pulmonary fibrosis exhibited an intense activity of Al‐Pase, while the endothelia in all the other experimental conditions did not show this activity. Alveolar macrophages increased their sizes and the activity of Ac‐Pase after the irradiation. In the later stages, large foamy macrophages with thin diffuse deposits of the reaction products became predominant. These macrophages never exhibited Al‐Pase activity. Type II alveolar epithelial cells showed an intense Al‐Pase activity on their microvilli, and their Ac‐Pase activity was negligible in non‐irradiated lungs. Bizarre cells, appearing at the stage of radiation pneumonitis, showed an intense Al‐Pase activity on their cell membranes and a weak and diffuse Ac‐Pase activity in their cytoplasms. Septal cells achieved the Al‐Pase activity 3 or 4 weeks after the irradiation when mast cells were not yet seen in the alveolar septa.
MESENCHYMAL HAMARTOMA OF THE LIVER – AN AUTOPSY CASE WITH SERIAL SECTIONS AND SOME COMMENTS ON ITS PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Okeda Riki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver was reported and from the macroscoplcal observation and serial sections of the tumor the following findings were found: (1) macroscopically the tumor is supplied by only one large triad, (2) in the tumor hepatic lobular structure is fundamentally preserved and proliferated bile ducts with surrounding fibrosis and many bile thrombi are mainly elongated and dilated Hering's canals, (3) the cysts connect with dilated interlobular bile ducts, (4) there are two portions, where connection of bile ducts is incomplete, that Is, from Hering's canals to interlobular bile ducts and from interlobular ducts to large ducts in the large triad of (1), (5) almost all portal veins in the large triad of (2) are stenosed or obliterated by loose intimal fibrosis. From these findings it is considered that intrahepatic bile duct obstruction resulting in regional biliary cirrhosis is the fundamental process of this disease, and in addition the role of hemodynamic disturbance was discussed.
MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ACTIVE LIVER CIRRHOSIS BOTH INVOLVED BY HBs ANTIGEN
Authors: Moriyama Masaki , Fukuda Yuh , Ishizaki Masamichi , Sugisaki Yuichi , Masugi Yozo
Published: December 2008

This is a case report of a 35‐year‐old female who showed a relatively short clinical course of severe liver cirrhosis and proteinuria. On light microscopical studies of autopsy material, besides active postnecrotic type liver cirrhosis, typical membranous glomerulonephritis was found. Immunofluorescent study disclosed not only clustered HBsAg (hepatitis type B surface antigen) in occasional hepatic cells but also beaded granular type deposition of HBsAg, IgG, IgM, IgA and complement Gs along renal glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Electron microscopical study disclosed multiple particulated material in occasional inclusion bodies of hepatic cells and in subepithelial and subendothelial dense deposits along the GBM. Enzymatic immunoelectron microscopical study confirmed these particles especially along the GBM being HBsAg themselves. It was concluded that HBsAg‐Ab (antibody) complex was the pathogenetic factor responsible for the glomerular change of this particular case. Although HBsAg and Ab were examined to be negative in serum throughout the patient's clinical course, the possibility of the presence of circulating HBsAg‐Ab complex in serum was discussed.
MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS PROGRESSIVA WITH PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA AND POLYCYSTIC OVARY
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Ishikawa Shinobu , Akanuma Naoya , Tsunoda Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

A report was made on an autopsy case of myositis ossificans progressiva in a girl who died at the age of 8 years and 11 months. The first symptom appeared as right wryneck ten days after birth. Parathyroid hyperplasia and polycystic ovary with high level of serum parathyroid hormone, FSH and LH were confirmed at autopsy. Parathyroid hyperactivity might be a secondary response to the continuous stimulation by increased peripheral consumption of calcium ions due to relentlessly progressive ossification in fibrous connective tissue.
CELLS CONTAINING LANGERHANS CELL GRANULES IN HUMAN LYMPH NODES OF “ATYPICAL HYPERPLASIA” WITH FATAL OUTCOME and LEUKEMIC RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS
Authors: Shamoto Mikihiro , Hoshino** Munemitsu , Suchi*** Taizan
Published: December 2008

Langerhans cell granules could be found in atypical histiocytes in lymph nodes of three patients with “atypical hyperplasia” with fatal outcome and one patient with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. These atypical histiocytes might be derived from immature mesenchymal cells in lymph nodes and the Langerhans cell granules might be induced in these cells by a particular condition. Only one of the Langerhans cell granules seemingly associated with the plasma membrane could be observed in these atypical histiocytes and all of the granules were seen within the cytoplasm. Quite a number of Langerhans cell granules were located near the Golgi apparatus. Several atypical granules very similar to the Langerhans cell granules could also be observed in these atypical histiocytes. These Langerhans cell granules were assumed to be directly derived from the Golgi apparatus and/or derived from the atypical granules which were secreted from the Golgi apparatus. The relationship between the Langerhans cell granules and the microtubules must also be considered, because Langerhans cell granules were found near the centrioles and microtubules.
AN INHIBITORY EFFECT OF SALIVARY GLAND EXTIRPATION ON THE INDUCTION OF MAMMARY TUMORS IN RATS BY N, N'‐2,7‐FLUORENYLENEBISACETAMIDE
Authors: Hirano Takahiro , Morris Harold P. , Jackson Charity M. , Lewis Jean W.
Published: December 2008

N,N'2‐2,7‐Fluorenylenebisacetamide (2,7‐FAA) was administered orally to 34 female, strain AXC/I rats. Nineteen were pretreated with the extirpation of the salivary glands. The remaining 15 rats received no surgical treatment. Six of these 15 unoperated rats developed mammary carcinomas and seven developed tumors at other sites, whereas none of 19 operated rats had mammary tumors but 8 rats had tumors at other sites. No tumor developed in 4 operated control rats that were on normal diet. The results demonstrate that pretreatment with extirpation of the salivary glands inhibited mammary tumor induction in rats by 2,7‐FAA although it did not inhibit induction of other type tumors. The mechanism by which induction of mammary tumors was inhibited is not clear. Ovarian atrophy and hepatic necrosis were observed in both operated and unoperated rats ingesting 2,7‐FAA but did not seem to affect carcinogenesis by the carcinogen. Lower body weight was observed in operated rats but it is not considered to be the major cause of a complete inhibition of mammary tumor induction.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON AMYLOIDOSIS – THE FINE STRUCTURE OF AMYLOID‐LADEN LIVER AS REVEALED BY FREEZE‐ETCHING
Authors: Ishihara Tokuhiro , Uchino Fumiya , Takahashi Mutsuo
Published: December 2008

Amyloid in freeze‐etened specimen of liver of mice receiving subcutaneous in sodium caseinate was studied morphologically. The convex surface and cross surface of amyloid nodule were noted. The three dimentional structure of the amyloid fibrils which showed felt‐like structure, globular profiles among amyloid fibrils and amyloid bundles were clearly visible. Amyloid bundles enveloped by the cytoplasmic membrane of the Kupffer cell projected from the deeply concave surface of the cytoplasmic membrane into the Disse's space and showed the appearance of stone‐column‐like structure. The amyloid bundles projecting from the invaginated cytoplasmic membrane were closely in contact with the cytoplasmic membrane and deeply rooted in the cytoplasm of the Kupffer cell.
GAMMA HEAVY CHAIN DISEASE; REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE WITH A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURES
Authors: Inoue Tohru , Kimula Yuji , Tanaka Yasukazu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy report of a 76 years old Japanese male, who had suffered from gamma‐HCD, was presented. This Is the fifth case of gamma‐HCD In Japan and this communication is the first autopsy report made on gamma‐HCD in our country. The primary pathological alteration of this disorder is a neoplastic proliferation of atypical lympho‐plasmacytes extending throughout the entire hematopoietic and parenchymatous organs. Pathological characteristics of our case were compared with the same disorders reported in the world literatures.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF LIPOSARCOMA WITH GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMOID REACTION
Authors: Matsumoto* Masao , Yazawa* Yoshiro , Kanzaki** Mitsuya
Published: December 2008

A 57‐year‐old female with a large retroperitoneal tumor was atutopsied. She showed through the entire course of illness marked leukocytosis with the appearance of immature marrow cells, and this finding was hematologically interpreted as granulocytic leukemoid reaction. An intermittent pyrexia was also seen without infective etiology. The histologic diagnosis of the tumor was liposarcoma of the pleomorphic type. The tumor showed extensive necrosis, but no metastatic invasion was found. So‐called leukemoid reaction appears sometimes together with malignant neoplasms. The majority of these tumors show widespread bone marrow metastases, and without bone marrow invasion they only rarely induce this reaction. Besides it is not common for leukemoid reaction to be evoked by the development of malignant mesenchymal tumors except for malignant lymphomas. The pathophysiologic process of the present case is thought to be a rare occurrence.
HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE NUMERICAL CHANGE OF PLASMA CELLS IN REGIONAL LYMPH NODES OF THE CARCINOMATOUS STOMACH
Authors: Nakatto Kikuo
Published: December 2008

The relationship between metastatic lesions and the degree of appearance of plasma cells In regional lymph nodes affected by carcinoma of the stomach was observed In this study. At the initial stage of metastasis to a lymph node, numerous plasma cells were found In the lymphatic parenchyma adjacent to the metastatic lesion. As the metastatic lesions Increased, the number of plasma cells decreased. Few plasma cells appeared in the intact lymph node distant from the primary lesion of carcinoma. It Is suspected that this phenomenon may be tentatively explicable from the antigen‐antibody reaction at the Initial stage of metastasis in a lymph node.