bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KEPATUHAN PELAPORAN KEUANGAN, SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL DAN WHISTLEBLOWING SYSTEM TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN FRAUD PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA
Authors: Kivaayatul Akhyaar  , Anissa Hakim Purwantini  , Naufal Afif  , Wahyu Anggit Prasetya
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris mengenai pengaruh kepatuhan pelaporan keuangan, sistem pengendalian internal dan whistleblowing system terhadap pencegahan fraud dalam pengelolaan dana desa di Kecamatan Bansari Temanggung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan survei. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sehingga sampel penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 63 responden yang terdiri dari kepala desa, sekretaris desa, bendahara, kaur perencanaan dan BPD di 13 desa, Kecamatan Bansari Temanggung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan pelaporan keuangan dan whistleblowing system berpengaruh positif terhadap pencegahan fraud dalam pengelolaan dana desa, sementara sistem pengendalian internal tidak berpengaruh terhadap pencegahan fraud dalam pengelolaan dana desa
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN OTOMOTIF DAN KOMPONEN
Authors: Sari Petty Aprilia , Hidayat Imam
Published: March 2022

Return merupakan imbal hasil yang diperoleh dari suatu investasi untuk periode tertentu. Akan sulit mengetahui seberapa banyak return yang didapatkan di masa akan datang. Banyak faktor faktor untuk memprediksi return diantaranya Total Arus Kas, Laba Akuntansi, Ukuran ( size ) Perusahaan. Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh total arus kas, laba akuntansi dan ukuran (size) perusahaan terhadap return saham. Jenis penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yaitu berupa data laporan tahunan keuangan perusahaan otomotif dan komponen pada Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2019. Berdasarkan Teknik purposive sampling diperoleh sampel sebanyak 9 perusahaan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji signifikan simultan (uji-F) dan uji parsial (uji t). Hasil dari penelitian ini arus kas operasi dan laba akuntansi berpengaruh terhadap return saham, Sedangkan ukuran (size)  perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap return saham. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam menambah literature dan memberikan informasi tentang factor factor yang mempengaruhi return saham yang dapat digunakan oleh perusahaan dan investor.
PILIHAN DAN PENGGUNAAN BAHASA WUJUD TOLERANSI WARGA PENDATANG NONETNIS BALI DI DESA BUDUK BADUNG
Authors: Muliana I Nyoman , Subur Made
Published: March 2022

The research is based on multi-ethnic situation having different language background. The problem of the research was designed into four points, they were the choice, the use, the language attitude, and the factors of language choice and use among nonBalinese ethnic migrants at Desa Buduk, Badung. The problems were analysed by applying theories of language choice, language use, language attitudes, and factors of language attitude. The research method applied included survey and observation methods. The result of the research showed that 1) the nonBalinese ethnic migrants at Desa Buduk, Badung chose Balinese Language for communications with Balinese ethnic people; 2) in the communications they mostly used Balinese language fluently with informal variety; 3) they had positive language attitudes to Balinese language; and the factors affecting their language choice and language use were bilingualism, language attitude, housing situation, and social interaction. It proved that the nonBalinese ethnic migrants at Desa Buduk, Badung had tolerance to Balinese ethnic people at Desa Buduk, Badung.
Cacat Kehendak Sebagai Dasar Batalnya Perjanjian
Authors: Widia I Ketut , Budiartha I Nyoman Putu
Published: March 2022

Perselisihan atau konflik merupakan fenomena sosial yang tidak dapat dihindari sama sekali. Tidak ada masyarakat atau individu yang luput dan dapat dibebaskan dari fenomena konflik. Konflik tidak bisa dihindari. Tentang penyebab perselisihan sangat banyak. Ada perselisihan yang dimulai dari masalah cinta, kecemburuan, orang ketiga, anak-anak, hingga perselisihan eskalasi yang melibatkan banyak orang dan masyarakat. Selama ini gugatan perdata hanya didasarkan pada perbuatan melawan hukum dan ingkar janji atau wanprestasi. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menjawab permasalahan terkait pembatalan perjanjian berdasarkan kehendak bebas. Permasalahan yang dimaksud adalah, apakah Cacat Kehendak berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 1321 KUHPerdata dapat dijadikan dasar pembatalan jual beli tanah antara Warinah dan Nurkhofifah di Pengadilan Negeri Banyuwangi. Masalah kedua adalah, apa akibat hukum dari pembatalan jual beli tanah atas dasar kehendak kehendak antara Warinah dan Nurkhofifah di Pengadilan Negeri Banyuwangi. Metode penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif. Teori yang dijadikan pisau analisis masalah adalah teori resolusi konflik dan teori hukum negara kesejahteraan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah, perjanjian transaksi jual beli berdasarkan cacat kehendak dibatalkan oleh Hakim Pengadilan Negeri Banyuwangi dengan Putusan Nomor: 198/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Byw. Akibat hukum batalnya perjanjian jual beli tersebut adalah Warinah selaku pemilik sah atas tanah sengketa kembali sebagai pemilik tanah yang bersangkutan.
Perlindungan Hukum Hak Pemegang Saham Dalam Pembubaran Perusahaan Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 Tentang Perseroan Terbatas (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1618 K/PDT/2016)
Authors: Kurniawan Tengku Agung
Published: March 2022

Pembubaran perseroan terbatas diatur dalam Pasal 142-146 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Dalam hal Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1618 K/Pdt/2016 dimana salah satu syarat permohonan pembubaran Perseroan Terbatas adalah memberitahukan kepada Kantor Pajak bahwa perseroan tersebut telah tidak aktif selama 3 (tiga) tahun atau lebih yang harus dilaksanakan oleh Direksi. Bahwa dalam hal pembubaran perseroan melalui penetapan pengadilan dalam pasal 146 ayat 1 huruf c disebutkan bahwa pengadilan negeri dapat membubarkan perseroan atas permintaan pemegang saham, Direksi atau Dewan Komisaris berdasarkan alasan bahwa perusahaan tidak mungkin untuk melanjutkan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah pertama, bagaimana kepastian hukum bagi pemegang saham, karena tidak adanya kejelasan siapa yang berhak mengajukan permohonan pembubaran perseroan terbatas (studi kasus putusan Mahkamah Agung nomor 1618 k/ pdt/2016, kedua, bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang saham, dalam hal pembubaran perseroan). perseroan khususnya mengenai pihak-pihak yang berhak mengajukan permohonan pembubaran perseroan terbatas (studi kasus putusan Mahkamah Agung nomor 1618 k/pdt/2016). Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu dengan mempelajari kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa untuk benar-benar menjamin kepastian hukum pada tahun Untuk melindungi hak-hak pemegang saham akibat pembubaran suatu perseroan, suatu undang-undang selain harus memenuhi syarat formil juga harus memenuhi syarat lain yaitu jelas dalam rumusannya, baik internal maupun eksternal, penggunaan bahasa yang tepat dan mudah dipahami oleh orang yang membacanya. dia Perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang saham, dalam pembubaran perseroan khususnya mengenai pihak-pihak yang berhak mengajukan permohonan pembubaran perseroan terbatas (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1618 K/Pdt/2016) bahwa kerugian yang diderita pemegang saham sangat besar. kerugian besar yang berimplikasi pada perkembangan sektor keputusan. Keputusan tersebut harus memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada pemegang saham. Hukum dibuat oleh penguasa dan ada perintah yang harus dipatuhi, hakim harus mematuhi peraturan yang telah dibuat oleh penguasa melalui peraturan perundang-undangan yang secara khusus dalam hal ini tunduk pada Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Terbatas. Perusahaan Tanggung Jawab.
Status Hukum dan Hak Waris Bagi Anak Angkat yang Tidak Dimohonkan dengan Penetapan Pengadilan
Authors: Saraswati Ida Ayu Kade Irsyanti Nadya
Published: March 2022

Tujuan perkawinan adalah untuk membentuk keluarga dan meneruskan keturunan. Namun tidak semua keluarga beruntung memiliki anak. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasinya adalah dengan mengadopsi anak. Pengangkatan anak dapat dilakukan berdasarkan hukum nasional atau hukum adat. Pengangkatan anak berdasarkan adat dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 54 Tahun 2007 tidak perlu melalui penetapan pengadilan. Hal ini akan menimbulkan permasalahan terkait hak waris bagi anak angkat yang tidak dimintakan penetapan pengadilan. Di satu sisi, hal ini memberikan kepastian hukum bagi hukum adat karena diakui oleh hukum nasional. Namun di sisi lain tanpa bukti tertulis, jika terjadi sengketa hak waris di pengadilan, kedudukan anak angkat tidak cukup kuat jika tidak ada bukti tertulis.
Perspektif Kebijakan Kontra-Terorisme ASEAN dan Perbedaan Paradigma Penanggulangan Terorisme oleh Negara-Negara Anggota ASEAN
Authors: Pradnyana Hadi
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang perspektif kebijakan kontra-terorisme ASEAN dan paradigma penanggulangan terorisme oleh negara-negara anggota ASEAN. Secara lebih luas mengamati instrumen-instrumen kebijakan kontra-terorisme ASEAN dan respons atau pendekatan negara-negara anggota ASEAN terkait instrumen tersebut. Didasarkan pada ancaman-ancaman terorisme yang masif terjadi di kawasan Asia Tenggara, terutama sejak insiden 9/11 tahun 2001. Deskriptif kualitatif digunakan sebagai metode penelitian, menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur. Penelitian ini pada dasarnya mempertanyakan pandangan atau perspektif ASEAN tentang strategi kontra-terorisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ASEAN mengadopsi pendekatan penegakan hukum dalam menanggulangi terorisme. ASEAN pertama kali mengluarkan instrumen kebijakan kontra-terorisme secara khusus melalui ASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to Counter Terrorism 2001, pasca insiden 9/11. Lalu disusul oleh instrumen-instrumen lain seperti ASEAN-US Joint Declaration for Coorperation to Combat International Terrorism 2002, Joint Declaration on Coorperation to Combat Terrorism 2003, ASEAN Convention on Counter Terrorism (ACCT)  2007, dan deklarasi bersama negara-negara mitra dialog eksternal seperti Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa, India, Australia, Rusia, Jepang, Korea Selatan, Selandia Baru, Pakistan, dan Kanada. Meski demikian, negara-negara anggota ASEAN tidak memiliki kesamaan mutlak dalam paradigma kebijakan kontra-terorisme. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa bebagai instrumen kebijakan kontra-terorisme berhasil dibentuk ASEAN, yang mengedepankan perspektif penegakan hukum. Namun terdapat perbedaan paradigma penanggulangan terorisme oleh negara-negara anggota ASEAN.
Tiazolidin’in Zebra Balığı (Danio rerio) Solungaç ve Karaciğer Dokusunda AChE Enzim Aktivitesi ve Toplam Protein Seviyesi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Kayhan Figen Esin , Esmer Duruel Harika Eylül , Tartar Kızılkaya Şeyma , Kaymak Güllü , Akbulut Cansu , Genç Hayriye , Zengin Mustafa , Yön Ertuğ Nazan Deniz
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, tiazolidin’in (Tiazolidin-4-karboksilik asit (4S)-2- (4-hidroksi-3-metoksifenil) zebra balığı (Danio rerio) solungaç ve karaciğer dokusunda asetilkolinesteraz enzim (AChE) aktivitesi ve total protein (TP) düzeyleri üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Zebra balıkları tiazolidin’in 0,2 ppm, 0,4 ppm ve 0,6 ppm farklı dozlarına 96 saat süreyle maruz bırakılmıştır. AChE enzim aktivitesi karaciğer dokusunda, tiazolidin’in 0,2 ppm, 0,4 ppm ve 0,6 ppm doz gruplarında, kontrol grubuna oranla artmıştır. Solungaç dokusunda ise, tiazolidin’in 0,2 ppm, 0,4 ppm ve 0,6 ppm doz gruplarında, kontrol grubuna oranla AChE enzim aktivitesinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Total protein seviyesi karaciğer dokusunda, tiazolidin’in 0,2 ppm, 0,4 ppm ve 0,6 ppm doz gruplarında, kontrol grubuna oranla azalmıştır. Solungaç dokusunda ise, tiazolidin’in 0,2 ppm, 0,4 ppm ve 0,6 ppm doz gruplarında, kontrol grubuna oranla total protein seviyelerinin önemli sayılabilecek oranda arttığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırmada tiazolidinin zebra balığı solungaç ve karaciğer dokuları üzerinde az da olsa zararlı etkilere neden olabileceği görülmüştür.
Current Status, Management, and Future Prospects of Whiting (Merlangius merlangus) in the Sea of Marmara
Authors: Karadurmuş Uğur
Published: March 2022

The current status of whiting (Merlangius merlangus Linnaeus, 1758) populations in the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) was evaluated by estimating growth and mortality rates in this study. The overall sex ratio (M:F) was calculated as 1:1.36. b value of LWR computed as 2.8904 for both sex groups, and M. merlangus showed a negative allometric growth type by Pauly's t-test result. The age of individuals in the population ranged from I to VI. The growth parameters were estimated as L∞ = 35.74 cm, k = 0.124 yr-1, and t0 = -1.338 years for all individuals. Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) rates were calculated as 1.35 yr-1, 0.34 yr-1, and 1.01 yr-1, respectively. The Phi-prime growth index (φ′) and exploitation rate (E) of the population were calculated as 2.20 and 0.75 yr-1. According to the results, it is obvious that the whiting stocks in the Marmara Sea are currently used at a high capacity (E = 0.75 yr-1). The impact of over-fishing can have increasingly detrimental effects on the overall population size of this population. Fisheries management practices in the Marmara Sea should be regulated by taking into account the ecosystem change, fishing fleet, and unreported catch data. In addition, temporal or spatial fishing bans can be applied by increasing the selectivity of fishing gear.
Moral and Legal Basis for Initiating a Criminal Case on the Fact of Deliberate Bankruptcy of an Organization
Authors:   Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Alekseeva E.E.
Published: March 2022

Features of the moral content of the provisions regulating the initiation of criminal proceedings for crimes in the field of entrepreneurial and other economic activities are considered. Peculiarities of the initiation of criminal cases on the facts of intentional bankruptcy of organizations are analyzed.
Aktivitas Ramuan Herbal sebagai Antagonis Reseptor H1, Relaksan Otot Polos dan Penghambat Degranulasi Sel Mast sebagai Antiasmatik
Authors: Ratnawati Galuh , Damayanti Kiki , Nugroho Agung Endro
Published: March 2022

Asthma is still become a major health problem worldwide, affected all ages from pediatrics to

adults. The severity of the disease vary from mild to severe and leads to the risk of death. The

uses of medicinal plants as antiasthmatic have often been conducted by the local community.

The present study was conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine the activities of herbs

containing of sembung leaves (Blumea balsamifera L.), kemukus seeds (Piper cubeba L.), teki

rhizome (Cyperus rotundus L.), and patikan kebo herbs (Euphorbia hirta L.) with certain ratio

as an antiasthmatic. The in vitro test was carried out on isolated smooth muscle cells of guinea

pig. Histamine was used to stimulate the contraction of smooth muscle cells of guinea pig

trachea. The in vivo test was carried out using guinea pigs which sensitized with ovalbumin

and administered with the herbs formula. The trachea of guinea pigs were prepared for

histopathological examination and stained on toluidine blue. The result revealed that the

antiasthmatic herbs of 1, 2, and 3 showed activities as H1 receptor antagonists. The

antiasthmatic herbs of 1, 2, and 3 were able to relax the smooth muscle of guinea pig’s trachea

that was experiencing contraction, but in lower level compared to theophylline. The

antiasthmatic herbs formula in this study did not have the activity to inhibit mast cell

degranulation.
Uji In Vitro Beberapa Kombinasi Antibiotik Antipseudomonas terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa yang Resisten terhadap Karbapenem
Authors: Prasetyo Dimas Seto , Herna Herna , Mursinah Mursinah , Ibrahim Fera , Bela Budiman
Published: March 2022

Lower respiratory tract, sepsis, or urinary tract infection caused by the multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common in the hospital, especially in the ICU wards. The treatment against this bacteria requires combination of antibiotics with different mechanism of actions. In this study, several combinations of antibiotics were evaluated in vitro against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from the ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The combination of antibiotics tested were ceftazidime-amikacin, ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin-amikacin. Checkerboard assay to the combination of antibiotics was conducted to assess the in vitro synergistic activity. A total of 22 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected, 16 of them were resistant to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, as well as carbapenem. The result revealed that the combination of ceftazidime and amikacin showed promising synergistic activity. Conversely, no synergitic activities were shown by the combination of ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin and ciprofloxacin-amikacin. The combination of ceftazidime-amikacin may has potential effect againsts carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in vitro.
Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia untuk Kebugaran: Analisis Data Riset Tumbuhan Obat dan Jamu Tahun 2012, 2015, dan 2017
Authors: Kristiana Lusi , Paramita Astridya , Maryani Herti , Andarwati Pramita
Published: March 2022

Compounding plants into health ingredients is a promotive-preventive-based health culture, which was identified in the Research on Medicinal Plants and Herbs (Ristoja). The regeneration of traditional healers who mastered herbal formulation is not going well, documentation must be carried out for better knowledge transfer process. This study documented the traditional use of plants to preserve health and fatigue, using data from Ristoja 2012, 2015 and 2017, obtained from the National Institute of Health Research and Development (Indonesian Ministry of Health), data were analyzed descriptively. The data inventory includes grouping of species-family, plant parts, method, frequency, and duration of use, cultivation/non-cultivation, origin, and method of obtaining plants. The results show that the ingredients to preserve health and relieve fatigue have a large diversification, namely 33 families and 60 species. The most widely used are from families Zingiberaceae and Myrtaceae; species Z. officinale, C. domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, P. guajava, S. aromaticum, and S. Polyantum; parts of plant leaves (71,7%) and roots (38,3%;, originally from yards, forests, and fields/gardens; mostly consumed once/day (76,7%). Plants that have been used as ingredients to preserve health and relieve fatigue have several mechanism of action, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, glycemic control, blood pressure control, and others.
Assessment of nutritional and microbial quality of Jamun-Bael blended fruit cheese during storage
Authors:   Division of Food Science and Technology, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu-180 009, India, Yadav G. , Sood M. ,   Division of Food Science and Technology, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu-180 009, India, Bandral J.D. ,   Division of Food Science and Technology, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu-180 009, India, Gupta N. ,   Division of Food Science and Technology, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu-180 009, India, Sharma S. ,   Seed Multiplication Farm, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu-180 009, India
Published: March 2022

Aim: To standardize appropriate blends of jamun and bael for developing fruit cheese and its nutritional and microbial analysis during 90 days of storage. Methodology: Fruit cheese was prepared by blending jamun and bael fruit in different ratios of pulp in each treatment. The blended product was monitored regularly for 90 days of storage period at ambient conditions at an interval of 30 days. The data obtained was analysed statistically using Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) at 5 % level of significance. Results: With the advancement of storage period moisture content, crude protein, ash and crude fat decreased from 16.94 to 15.90 %, 2.15 to1.72%, 0.63 to 0.52 % and 5.98 to 5.54 %, respectively. Available carbohydrates and browning showed increasing trend from 74.30 to 76.35 % and 0.483 to 0.610 (OD), respectively, during storage with highest mean available carbohydrate of 76.25 % in treatment containing 100 % jamun. Interpretation: Jamun and bael fruits can be blended to formulate fruit cheese with improved nutritional quality viz., crude protein, ash and minerals. The microbiological characteristics of prepared fruit cheese were within safe limits. The blended fruit cheese can be stored at room temperature for more than 90 days without much loss in nutritional and eating quality.
On some English Translations of the Epigraphic Complex “N.A. Nekrasov’s Poetry” (Notes from Underground)
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergeeva Valentina S.
Published: March 2022

This article deals with problems concerning literature translation. It concerns the translation of a poetic fragment introducing the second part of Notes from Underground. A certain number of English translations are examined here that were created between 1913 and 2014; the main points of the examination are their fidelity to the Russian original (its strophic and rhythmic structure, artistic and stylistic features) and to the form given to the poetic extract by Dostoevsky (fragmentariness, attribution) and also the accompanying commentary, if present. This is another difficulty for the translator, because for the English-speaking readers the epigraph “from N.A. Nekrasov’s poetry” is a fragment from a poem totally unknown for them and not previously loaded, in their opinion, by any allusions. We can trace a certain tendency — from a poem written by a translator himself/ herself and rendering rather spirit than letter of the original, to the best of a translator’s belief, to the variants allowing the readers come close to the original text. It is stated that the commentary, on the one side, promotes an understanding of a work created in a different era and culture, but, on the other side, it can interfere with the perception by trivializing the meaning and accomplishing the text interpretation instead of a reader.
The Reception of Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground within the Catalan Culture
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kharitonova Natalia Yu.
Published: March 2022

The paper examines the history of reception of Dostoevsky and his Notes from Underground in Catalonia. For decades, the context of the Christian faith or religion is one of those within which Dostoevsky is discussed or his works are referred to. The problem of translation is another thematic issue, because since the mid-1920s Dostoevsky is being translated into Catalan. The figure of Dostoevsky — of the “ingenious epileptic” — turns into a generality in the literary criticism’s debate. The writer becomes a key to understanding the political and cultural life in the USSR and in Russia. The first translations of Notes from Underground into Catalan appeared recently, in 2002 and 2004. In the context of political events in Catalonia, they were especially in demand, despite that various translations of Notes into Spanish have been available during years. The critics consider the novel to be up-to-date, and regard it as a key to understanding the contemporary human being, whereas the publishers are interested to reprint it again and again.
Notes from Underground in F. Nietzsche’s Reception
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ebanoidze Igor A.
Published: March 2022

The article illuminates the topic “Dostoevsky and Nietzsche” with the help of a critical analysis of philological works and an appeal to the facts, the philological foundation that we have for the very formulation of the question of reception, namely Friedrich Nietzsche’s statements about Dostoevsky, publications that he read judging on these sayings. The article proves that this foundation is largely based on F. Nietzsche’s reception of Notes from Underground.
Psychology of the Underground: Nietzsche, Dostoevsky and the Issue of Nihilism
Authors:   University of Louvain Belgium ISP, De Corte Pieter
Published: March 2022

It is in the winter of 1886–1887, in a Nice bookshop, that Friedrich Nietzsche discovered the first French edition of Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground, translated as L’esprit souterrain by Ilia Halpérine-Kaminsky and the French poet Charles Morice. It was through this hazardous encounter that Nietzsche first came under the spell of Dostoevsky, “the only psychologist,” he writes, “from which I had anything to learn”. This insistence on the psychological insights of the Russian writer is indeed a fundamental element of Nietzsche’s reading of Dostoevsky, which is very much fixated on the Dostoevskian figure of the “underground man”, but also on the nihilistic figures encountered in The Demons and on the rough Siberian convicts living in the House of the Dead. Nietzsche’s “psychology of the underground”, and his reflections on the nature of European nihilism, could thus have been influenced, during the last two years of his conscious life, by his reading of Dostoevsky. While doing justice to this influence, we will however try to highlight the deep differences which lead these two acute observers of contemporary nihilism to defend, in response to the malaise of the underground man, fundamentally different attitudes: “Dionysos against the Crucified…”.
Le Souterrain, le Sous-sol, la Clandestinite: Guises of the Underground in the 20th Century
Authors: Dimitrieva Liana A.
Published: March 2022

The article offers an overview of the articles in the collection La clandestinite: Etudes sur la pensee russe (“The Underground: Studies in Russian Thought”, 2017), which is based on an expanded understanding of the underground, which cannot be reduced to a single, exhaustive definition. The author of the article summarizes the articles considering various interpretations of the “Russian underground”, focusing on those of them where the image of the “underground” is associated with Notes from Underground by F.M. Dostoevsky.
Notes from Underground by F.M. Dostoevsky in 20th century English criticism
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Markova Ekaterina A. ,   RUDN University
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the issue of the critical reception of F.M. Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground in the XXth century. Some letters, as well as books on philosophy and literary criticism by such writers as D.H. Lawrence, J.M. Murry, C. Wilson and I. Murdoch are analysed. The reviews by the given authors correspond to two waves of interest in Dostoevsky — the first one took place at the turn of the XXth century followed by the second one in the middle of the century. The writers name the key characteristics of the Underground Man: vanity, egoism, self-division, desire for suffering and inability to act. Some critics of Dostoevsky’s Notes see the Underground Man as а recurrent image and note his relevance to the ideas of existentialism, especially the one about inability to apprehend truth in a rational way.
Notes from Underground by F.M. Dostoevsky as a Relevant Text in the English and Irish Literature of the 20th Century
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Markova Ekaterina A. ,   RUDN University
Published: March 2022

The influence of F.M. Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground on the English and Irish literature of the XXth century has been mainly connected with existentialism. The interaction of ‘self ’ and ‘the other’, the unique character of one’s being, inability to find the truth objectively — all these themes of Dostoevsky’s novella are relevant for D.H. Lawrence, G. Orwell, J. Fowles, I. Murdoch, S. Beckett and other modern writers. The article shows how particular literary texts of these authors react to Dostoevsky’s novella. Original interpretations of this writing are associated with certain genres and movements (dystopia for Orwell, confessional novel for Fowles and Murdoch, absurdist fiction for Beckett), as well as individual styles of certain authors (Lawrence).
Notes from Underground and the Image of the Underground Man in the Oeuvre of Bret Easton Ellis
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Borodacheva Anastasia V.
Published: March 2022

The author examines the influence of Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground and the image of the Underground Man in the oeuvre of the contemporary American writer Bret Easton Ellis. The most detailed study of the reception of the “underground man” in the novel American Psycho was published in 1991. The author examines the implementation of the typological features of the Underground Man and their transformation in the main character of the novel — the maniac-murderer Patrick Bateman. It is concluded that F.M. Dostoevsky and the type of Underground man are extremely important in the oeuvre of B.E. Ellis, whose artistic worlds are similar to the characters inhabiting them — “underground” people living in a world of consumption without meaning and purpose.
Dramaturgical Transpositions of Notes from Underground in France: Plays by Henri-Rene Lenormand, Georges Bataille et Georges Neveux
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Galtsova Elena D. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: March 2022

The article examines three plays written by famous figures of French culture: theatrical performance Underground Spirit (“L’Esprit souterrain”) by H.-R. Lenormand (1912), a play for radio (“la dramatique”) by G. Bataille and M.-L. Bataille (1946) and the play Roulette and Underground (“La Roulette et le Souterrain”) by G. Neveux (1967). In the case of Lenormand’s play, which served as the world’s first theatrical production of Notes from Underground, we deal with a transposition adapted to a particular theater genre. Bataille writes a work based on his own creativity. The story serves as a pretext for the theatrical experiments of the avant-garde playwright by Neveux, who creates a synthesis of Notes from the Underground, The Gambler and the Letters of F.M. Dostoevsky.
Notes from Underground on the Italian stage
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Golubtsova Anastasia V.
Published: March 2022

The article studies theatrical interpretations of Notes from Underground in Italy. It analyzes performances inspired by Dostoevsky’s novel and draws a conclusion that the popularity of the novel has been constantly rising in the last decades. However, as the novel becomes more popular, its interpretations get simpler and narrower: the prevailing “psychoanalytical” approach significantly distorts the original text, limiting it to an analysis of an individual neurosis and thus causing it to lose its universal meaning.
The Image of the Underground Man in the Film The House that Jack built by Lars von Trier
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Borodacheva Anastasia V.
Published: March 2022

The author examines the influence of Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground on the last film by Lars von Trier, The House That Jack Built, released in 2018. The importance of A. Tarkovsky as one of the sources of interest in Russian culture and Dostoevsky is noted. The subject of research is the Underground Man and his transformation in the movie The House That Jack Built. The focus is on the following aspects: illness, loneliness, underground, idea, bookish thinking. Each of the aspects is examined in detail and the similarities and differences, as well as their reasons, are analyzed.
Territorial Art, Design & Architecture
Authors: Sergio Montero Bravo
Published: March 2022

This collaborative and cross-sectoral project addresses places, environments and spaces beyond mere functional urban endeavors. The project explores possibilities that become visible when public space is viewed from perspectives beyond the urban norm. The aim is to restore lost rural relations and to search for ways to leave the anthropocentric narrative. In the past, densification of cities has been considered synonymous with sustainable development, creativity and innovation. However, a one-sided urban focus leads to disarmament of rural habitats, and dissociation from human interdependence with non-human nature. Today, adaptation to global warming is dependent on the survival of the rural. Therefore, this artistic research project is primarily informed by activities in rural environments together with species and ecologies other than human and urban. The goal is to investigate how art, design and architectural interventions can foster oppositional narratives to anthropocentricity. What I present in this exposition are my most recent collaborations and a journey of professional metamorphosis to reach this goal. The result is a series of ongoing projects and processes that demonstrate how I explore places of communality, togetherness and mutual beneficial interdependency between species.
We Would Strike!: Beyond Representation in a Post-Industrial Town.
Authors: Arturo Delgado Pereira
Published: March 2022

On 30 July 1984, 11 mercury miners locked down in the mines of Almadén (Ciudad Real, southern Spain) to protest against their precarious economic and social conditions. 650 metres deep inside the oldest and most productive mercury mines in world history, the miners endured the dark and contaminated galleries for 11 days and nights until their claims were addressed. As an emigrated local filmmaker, I come back to post-industrial Almadén in 2019 to make a documentary film about the mining strike. The premise is to find young locals willing to live inside the now-closed mines for 11 whole days in homage to the older miners and to recreate the experience of 1984, 35 years later. Apart from engaging our collective mining past, performing the form and duration of a previous workers strike, Encierro proposes the underground as a living and symbolic space to foster a series of conversations, encounters, and social and political propositions to reimagine Almadén, which rose from a mine shaft more than 2000 years ago, as ‘something else besides’ a mining town.

This exposition explores the potential of documentary film fieldwork to take on a different relationship to normal life that the same or similar events would have as ‘untransformed reality’ – a strike versus the reenactment of a strike – and its potential for activism and social transformation. I will also explore the use of the conditional tense in documentary; a speculative and hypothetical approach to reality sensitive to the ‘potentially’ real, the ‘possible’, and the ‘what if’ as modes of documentation. What happens when the forms of ‘documentary’ and ‘reenactment’ are exceeded, and act upon the world rather than only represent it?
Very-Long-Chain Unsaturated Sphingolipids Mediate Oleate-Induced Rat β-Cell Proliferation
Authors: Castell Anne-Laure , Vivoli Alexis , Tippetts Trevor S. , Frayne Isabelle Robillard , Angeles Zuraya Elisa , Moullé Valentine S. , Campbell Scott A. , Ruiz Matthieu , Ghislain Julien , Des Rosiers Christine , Holland William L. , Summers Scott A. , Poitout Vincent
Published: March 2022

Fatty acid (FA) signaling contributes to β-cell mass expansion in response to nutrient excess, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the presence of elevated glucose, FA metabolism is shifted toward synthesis of complex lipids, including sphingolipids. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sphingolipids are involved in the β-cell proliferative response to FA. Isolated rat islets were exposed to FA and 16.7 mmol/L glucose for 48–72 h, and the contribution of the de novo sphingolipid synthesis pathway was tested using the serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor myriocin, the sphingosine kinase (SphK) inhibitor SKI II, or knockdown of SphK, fatty acid elongase 1 (ELOVL1) and acyl-CoA–binding protein (ACBP). Rats were infused with glucose and the lipid emulsion ClinOleic and received SKI II by gavage. β-Cell proliferation was assessed by immunochemistry or flow cytometry. Sphingolipids were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Among the FAs tested, only oleate increased β-cell proliferation. Myriocin, SKI II, and SphK knockdown all decreased oleate-induced β-cell proliferation. Oleate exposure did not increase the total amount of sphingolipids but led to a specific rise in 24:1 species. Knockdown of ACBP or ELOVL1 inhibited oleate-induced β-cell proliferation. We conclude that unsaturated very-long-chain sphingolipids produced from the available C24:1 acyl-CoA pool mediate oleate-induced β-cell proliferation in rats.
Blood Neuroexosomal Mitochondrial Proteins Predict Alzheimer Disease in Diabetes
Authors: Chi Haiyan , Yao Ran , Sun Chao , Leng Bing , Shen Tengqun , Wang Tong , Zhang Shukun , Li Mengfan , Yang Yachao , Sun Hairong , Li Zhenguang , Zhang Jinbiao
Published: March 2022

There is accumulating evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the contribution of diabetes to Alzheimer disease (AD) progression. Neuronal mitochondrial proteins are found in plasma neuronal-derived exosomes (NDEs) at levels that reflect those in brain neurons. Here, we tested the performance of mitochondrial proteins in plasma NDEs to predict cognitive decline and brain injury in participants with diabetes. The study participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) included 41 cognitively normal control subjects, 97 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (68 individuals with stable MCI; 29 individuals with progressive MCI), and 36 patients with AD dementia. Plasma neuroexosomal proteins were measured by ELISA kits. Spearman correlation was used to test associations between plasma neuroexosomal mitochondrial proteins and other core biomarkers of AD. Diagnostic accuracy for progressive MCI and AD was obtained for mitochondrial proteins using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. The associations of mitochondrial proteins with the conversion from MCI to AD were assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Plasma levels of neuroexosomal NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3 (NDUFS3) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B (SDHB) were significantly lower in patients with T2DM with AD dementia and progressive MCI than in cognitively normal subjects (P < 0.001 for both groups). We also found that plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB levels were lower in progressive MCI subjects than in stable MCI subjects. Both plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB offer diagnostic utility for AD. Low plasma neuroexosomal SDHB levels significantly predicted conversion from MCI to AD. In addition, low mitochondrial protein levels were associated with the rate of hippocampal and gray matter atrophy and reduced AD signature cortical thickness in progressive MCI over the follow-up period. These data suggest that both plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB are already increased at the early clinical stage of AD, and indicate the promise of plasma neuroexosomal mitochondrial proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the earliest symptomatic stage of AD in participants with diabetes.
Metabolome-Defined Obesity and the Risk of Future Type 2 Diabetes and Mortality
Authors: Ottosson Filip , Smith Einar , Ericson Ulrika , Brunkwall Louise , Orho-Melander Marju , Di Somma Salvatore , Antonini Paola , Nilsson Peter M. , Fernandez Céline , Melander Olle
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Obesity is a key risk factor for type 2 diabetes; however, up to 20% of patients are normal weight. Our aim was to identify metabolite patterns reproducibly predictive of BMI and subsequently to test whether lean individuals who carry an obese metabolome are at hidden high risk of obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Levels of 108 metabolites were measured in plasma samples of 7,663 individuals from two Swedish and one Italian population-based cohort. Ridge regression was used to predict BMI using the metabolites. Individuals with a predicted BMI either >5 kg/m2 higher (overestimated) or lower (underestimated) than their actual BMI were characterized as outliers and further investigated for obesity-related risk factors and future risk of type 2 diabetes and mortality.

RESULTS

The metabolome could predict BMI in all cohorts (r2 = 0.48, 0.26, and 0.19). The overestimated group had a BMI similar to individuals correctly predicted as normal weight, had a similar waist circumference, were not more likely to change weight over time, but had a two times higher risk of future type 2 diabetes and an 80% increased risk of all-cause mortality. These associations remained after adjustments for obesity-related risk factors and lifestyle parameters.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that lean individuals with an obesity-related metabolome have an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality compared with lean individuals with a healthy metabolome. Metabolomics may be used to identify hidden high-risk individuals to initiate lifestyle and pharmacological interventions.
GLP-1RAs for Ischemic Stroke Prevention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Without Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Yang Yi-Sun , Chen Hsin-Hung , Huang Chien-Ning , Hsu Chung Y. , Hu Kai-Chieh , Kao Chia-Hung
Published: March 2022

Objectives: We assessed the effect of GLP-1RAs on ischemic stroke
prevention in the Asian population with type 2 diabetes (T2D) without
established cardiovascular disease.

Research design and Methods: This
retrospective cohort study examined data obtained from the
Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for the period from 1998
to 2018. The follow-up ended upon the occurrence of hospitalization
for ischemic stroke. The median follow-up period was 3 years. The effect of GLP-1RA exposure time on
the development of hospitalization for ischemic stroke was assessed.

Results: The GLP-1RA and non-GLP-1RA user groups both
included 6,534 patients. Approximately 53% of the
patients were women, and the mean age was 49 ± 12 years. The
overall risk of ischemic stroke hospitalization for GLP-1RA users was not
significantly lower than that for GLP-1RA nonusers (adjusted HR 0.69 [95% CI
0.47- 1.00], p = 0.0506), but GLP-1RA
users with more than a 251-day supply during the study period had a
significantly lower risk of ischemic stroke hospitalization than GLP-1RA
nonusers (adjusted HR 0.28 [95% CI 0.11-0.71]). Higher cumulative dose of GLP-1 RAs
(> 1784 mg) was associated with significantly lower risk
of ischemic stroke hospitalization. The subgroup analyses defined by various baseline
features did not reveal significant differences in the observed effect of GLP-1RAs.

Conclusion: Longer use and higher dose of GLP-1
RAs was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization for ischemic stroke
among Asian patients with T2D who did not have established
atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, but who did have dyslipidemia
or hypertension.
Metabolome-Defined Obesity and the Risk of Future Type 2 Diabetes and Mortality
Authors: Ottosson Filip , Smith Einar , Ericson Ulrika , Brunkwall Louise , Orho-Melander Marju , Somma Salvatore Di , Antonini Paola , Nilsson Peter M , Fernandez Céline , Melander Olle
Published: March 2022

Objective

Obesity is a key risk factor for type 2 diabetes,
however, up to 20% of patients are normal weight. Our aim was to identify
metabolite patterns reproducibly predictive of BMI, and subsequently to test if
lean individuals who carry an obese metabolome are at hidden high risk of
obesity related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes.

Research
Design and Methods

Levels of 108 metabolites were measured in plasma
samples of 7663 individuals from two Swedish and one Italian population-based
cohort. Ridge regression was used to predict BMI using the metabolites.
Individuals with a predicted BMI either more than 5 kg/m2 higher (overestimated)
or lower (underestimated) than their actual BMI were characterized as outliers
and further investigated for obesity related risk factors and future risk of type
2 diabetes and mortality.

Results

The metabolome could predict BMI in all cohorts (r2
= 0.48, 0.26 and 0.19). The overestimated group had a BMI similar to individuals
correctly predicted as normal weight, similar waist circumference, were not
more likely to change weight over time but had a two times higher risk of future type 2 diabetes and an 80 % increased
risk of all-cause mortality. These associations remained after adjustments for
obesity-related risk factors and lifestyle parameters.

Conclusions

We found that lean individuals with an
obesity-related metabolome, have an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and all-cause
mortality compared to lean individuals with a healthy metabolome. Metabolomics
may be used to identify hidden high-risk individuals, to initiate lifestyle and
pharmacological interventions.
COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Caregivers of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Stress and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Ismail Heba M. , Hand Breanne L. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Oyetoro Rebecca , Soni Priya Y. , Adams Janey , Westen Sarah , Driscoll Kimberly A. , Albanese-O’Neill Anastasia
Published: March 2022

Background. Little is known about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic’s psychological effects on caregivers of children with type 1
diabetes.

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the experience of caregivers
of youth with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods. A 49-item questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale
and open-response questions was distributed via email and type1 diabetes–related
social media platforms from 4 May to 2 June 2 2020. Quantitative data were
analyzed using SPSS v.25 statistical software. Descriptive statistics
were used. Relationships were compared using Pearson correlation.
Qualitative data were coded and categorized.

Results. A total of 272 caregivers participated (mean ± SD respondent
age 42.1 ± 7.8 years; 94.5% females; 81.3% with college degree or higher; 52.6%
with annual income >$99,000; 80.1% with private insurance). The mean ± SD age
of caregivers’ children with type 1 diabetes was 11.0 ± 4.1 years, and their mean
± SD diabetes duration was 4.2 ± 3.5 years. Participants reported being
diagnosed with or knowing someone with COVID-19 (24.6%), increased stress
(71.9%), job loss (10.3%), and financial difficulty (26.8%) as a result of the
pandemic. General self-efficacy scores were high (mean ± SD 16.2 ± 2.6, range 8–20)
and significantly correlated with COVID-19–related self-efficacy (mean ± SD 12.6
± 2.1; R = 0.394, P <0.001) and type 1 diabetes
self-efficacy during COVID-19 (mean ± SD 17.1 ± 2.5; R = 0.421, P <0.001).

Conclusion. Despite reporting high overall self-efficacy, caregivers of children
with type 1 diabetes reported greater overall stress and challenges during the
pandemic. Health care providers should be prepared to provide families with
specific social and mental health support.