bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The IllustrisTNG simulations: public data release
Authors: Nelson Dylan , Springel Volker , Pillepich Annalisa , Rodriguez-Gomez Vicente , Torrey Paul , Genel Shy , Vogelsberger Mark , Pakmor Ruediger , Marinacci Federico , Weinberger Rainer , Kelley Luke , Lovell Mark , Diemer Benedikt , Hernquist Lars
Published: May 2019

We present the full public release of all data from the TNG100 and TNG300 simulations of the IllustrisTNG project. IllustrisTNG is a suite of large volume, cosmological, gravo-magnetohydrodynamical simulations run with the moving-mesh code Arepo. TNG includes a comprehensive model for galaxy formation physics, and each TNG simulation self-consistently solves for the coupled evolution of dark matter, cosmic gas, luminous stars, and supermassive black holes from early time to the present day, $z=0$
z
=
0
. Each of the flagship runs—TNG50, TNG100, and TNG300—are accompanied by halo/subhalo catalogs, merger trees, lower-resolution and dark-matter only counterparts, all available with 100 snapshots. We discuss scientific and numerical cautions and caveats relevant when using TNG.

The data volume now directly accessible online is ∼750 TB, including 1200 full volume snapshots and ∼80,000 high time-resolution subbox snapshots. This will increase to ∼1.1 PB with the future release of TNG50. Data access and analysis examples are available in IDL, Python, and Matlab. We describe improvements and new functionality in the web-based API, including on-demand visualization and analysis of galaxies and halos, exploratory plotting of scaling relations and other relationships between galactic and halo properties, and a new JupyterLab interface. This provides an online, browser-based, near-native data analysis platform enabling user computation with local access to TNG data, alleviating the need to download large datasets.
Eighteen-year trajectories of depressive symptoms in mothers with a lifetime eating disorder: findings from the ALSPAC cohort
Authors: Chua Yu Wei , Lewis Gemma , Easter Abigail , Lewis Glyn , Solmi Francesca
Published: May 2019

Background

Two longitudinal studies have shown that depressive symptoms in women with eating disorders might improve in the antenatal and early postnatal periods. No study has followed up women beyond 8 months postnatal.

Aims

To investigate long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms in mothers with lifetime self-reported eating disorders.

Method

Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and multilevel growth curves we modelled trajectories of depressive symptoms from the 18th week of pregnancy to 18 years postnatal in women with lifetime self-reported anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or both anorexia and bulimia nervosa. As sensitivity analyses we also investigated these trajectories using quintiles of a continuous measure of body image in pregnancy.

Results

Of the 9276 women in our main sample, 126 (1.4%) reported a lifetime diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, 153 (1.6%) of bulimia nervosa and 60 (0.6%) of both anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Women with lifetime eating disorders had greater depressive symptoms scores than women with no eating disorders, before and after adjustment for confounders (anorexia nervosa: 2.10, 95% CI 1.36–2.83; bulimia nervosa: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.61–2.94, both anorexia and bulimia nervosa: 2.86, 95% CI 1.81–3.90). We also observed a dose–response association between greater body image and eating concerns in pregnancy and more severe trajectories of depressive symptoms, even after adjusting for lifetime eating disorders which also remained independently associated with greater depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Women with eating disorders experience persistently greater depressive symptoms across the life-course. More training for practitioners and midwives on how to recognise eating disorders in pregnancy could help to identify depressive symptoms and reduce the long-term burden of disease resulting from this comorbidity.
Xenotransplantation of Human glioblastoma in Zebrafish larvae: in vivo imaging and proliferation assessment
Authors: Vargas-Patron Luis A. , Agudelo-Dueñas Nathalie , Madrid-Wolff Jorge , Venegas Juan A. , González John M. , Forero-Shelton Manu , Akle Veronica
Published: May 2019

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor. Treatment options include maximal surgical resection and drug-radiotherapy combination. However, patient prognosis remains very poor, prompting the search for new models for drug discovery and testing, especially those that allow assessment of in vivo responses to treatment. Zebrafish xenograft models have an enormous potential to study tumor behavior, proliferation and cellular interactions. Here, an in vivo imaging and proliferation assessment method of human GBM xenograft in zebrafish larvae is introduced. Zebrafish larvae microinjected with fluorescently labeled human GBM cells were screened daily using a stereomicroscope and imaged by light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM); volumetric modeling and composite reconstructions were done in single individuals. Larvae containing tumors were enzymatically dissociated, and proliferation of cancer cells was measured using dye dilution by flow cytometry. GBM micro-tumors formed mainly in the zebrafish yolk sac and perivitelline space following injection in the yolk sac, with an engraftment rate of 73%. Daily image analysis suggested cellular division, as micro-tumors progressively grew with differentiated fluorescence intensity signals. Using dye dilution assay by flow cytometry, at least three GBM cells' division cycles were identified. The combination of LSFM and flow cytometry allows assessment of proliferation and tumor growth of human GBM inside zebrafish, making it a useful model to identify effective anti-proliferative agents in a preclinical setting.
Does magnetic resonance imaging improve soft tissue sarcoma contouring for radiotherapy?
Authors: Vickers Alexander John , Thiruthaneeswaran Niluja , Coyle Catherine , Manoharan Prakash , Wylie James , Kershaw Lucy , Choudhury Ananya , Mcwilliam Alan
Published: May 2019

Objective:

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare, heterogeneous tumour group. Radiotherapy improves local control. CT is used to plan radiotherapy, but has poor soft tissue definition. MRI has superior soft tissue definition. Contour variation amongst oncologists is an important factor in treatment failure. This study is the first to directly compare STS tumour contouring using CT vs MRI.

Methods:

Planning CT and T2 weighted MR images of eight patients with STS were distributed to four oncologists. Gross tumour volume was contoured on both imaging modalities using in-house software. Images were recontoured 6 weeks later. The mean distance to agreement (DTA), standard deviation of the DTA, dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and contour volume were calculated for each oncologist and compared to a median contour volume. Results for CT and MRI were compared using a pairwise Student's t-test.

Results:

When comparing MRI to CT, tumour volumes were significantly smaller, with a difference of 21.4 cm3 across all patients (p = 0.008). There was not a statistically significant difference in the mean distance to agreement or dice similarity coefficient, but the standard deviation of the DTA showed a statistically significant improvement ( p = 0.04). For intraobserver variation, there was no statistically significant improvement using MRI vs CT.

Conclusion:

Oncologists contour smaller tumour volumes using MRI, with reduced interobserver variation. Improving the reliability and consistency of contouring is needed for improved quality assurance.

Advances in knowledge:

With further experience, the use of MRI in STS radiotherapy planning may reduce variation between oncologists and contribute to improved local control and reduced treatment toxicities.
Serum resistin: A possible link between inflammation, hypertension and coronary artery disease
Authors: Niaz Sobia , Latif Javaria , Hussain Shaista
Published: May 2019

Background & Objectives: Inflammation is considered as the main triggering factor in evolution of atherosclerotic pathology of heart and blood vessels. Resistin, an inflammatory cytokine is proved to be a main mediator of initiation and progression of mechanisms leading to atherosclerosis, hypertension and ultimately to coronary artery disease. Our objective was to compare the levels of serum resistin, C-reactive protein and total leucocyte count in subjects of hypertension and coronary artery disease; and to observe the correlation of serum resistin with CRP and TLC in the study participants.

Methods: Eighty selected participants were divided into four equal groups including normal healthy participants, newly diagnosed cases of hypertension, stable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, both with hypertension. The study was conducted in the physiology department of Post Graduate Medical Institute Lahore, during 2013. After consent, history and examination, fasting blood samples of the participants were collected. Serum resistin and C-reactive protein were determined by using standard techniques of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, while total leukocyte count by automated hematology analyzer.

Results: The values of serum resistin, C- reactive protein and total leukocyte count were found significantly raised in patients of hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction with hypertension as compared to normal participants (p<0.001 for all). Significantly positive correlation of resistin was observed with TLC only in hypertensive patients of myocardial infarction (r = 0.459, n = 20, p = 0.042) while in other study groups correlation between resistin and TLC as well as CRP was non-significant.

Conclusion: Serum resistin levels along with CRP and TLC are significantly raised in patients of hypertension and coronary artery disease while resistin levels revealed significantly positive correlation with TLC in hypertensive patients of myocardial infarction.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.274

How to cite this:Niaz S, Latif J, Hussain S. Serum resistin: A possible link between inflammation, hypertension and coronary artery disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):641-646. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.274

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report: Resolution of chronic urticaria following treatment of odontogenic infection
Authors: Tadros Susan , Bahal Sameer , Nagendran Vasantha
Published: May 2019

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a condition characterised by the presence of hives with/without angioedema, that affects individuals on more days than not for 6 weeks or more. The role of infection as a potential trigger for CSU is well described, but the current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine screening for underlying infections.

Main observations: We report a case of severe prolonged chronic spontaneous urticaria in a 19-year-old, that went into rapid remission following the treatment of dental infection.

Conclusions: Clinicians should recognise the potential role that infection can have in causing chronic urticaria. There should be a low threshold to treat infection in such circumstances.
Young people in HIV care in Ukraine: a national survey on characteristics and service provision
Authors: Kyselyova Galyna , Martsynovska Violeta , Volokha Alla , Nizova Nataliya , Malyuta Ruslan , Judd Ali , Thorne Claire , Bailey Heather
Published: May 2019

Background: Ukraine’s perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) young people are ageing into adolescence/young adulthood and, alongside those with horizontally-acquired HIV infections, require transitional and other support services. We aimed to map this population and policies/service provision at specialist HIV centres, to inform future service development.

Methods: A national survey was conducted of 28 HIV/AIDS centres on number, characteristics (age group, HIV acquisition mode) and care setting (paediatric/adult) of 10-24 year olds in HIV care in each of 24 regions in January 2016. Information was collected on policies/service provision at each centre.

Results: Of 13,286 young people aged 10-24 years registered for HIV care nationally in Ukraine in January 2016, 1,675 were aged 10-18 years. Three-quarters of ≤19 year olds were PHIV, while 72% of 20-24-year-olds had sexually-acquired infection. Five regions accounted for two-thirds of 10-18 year olds in paediatric and 85% of 19-24 year olds in adult services.

In 2015, 97 young people transitioned from paediatric to adult services nationally, typically at 18 years although with flexibility in timing at 17/28 centres. At 27/28 centres, horizontally HIV-infected young people aged <18 years began their HIV care in paediatric services sometimes (5) or always (22). Transition support most commonly consisted of a joint appointment with paediatrician and adult doctor, and support from a psychologist/social worker (both at 24/28 centres).

Only 5/28 centres offered routine HIV care during the evening or weekend, and availability of integrated sexual/reproductive health and harm reduction services was uneven. Of 16/28 centres selectively following-up patients who did not attend for care, 15 targeted patients in paediatric services.

Conclusions: Heterogeneity in the population and in service availability at the main regional/municipal HIV/AIDS centres has implications for potential structural barriers to HIV care, and development of services for this group.
REPR: Rule-Enhanced Penalized Regression
Authors: Eckstein Jonathan , Kagawa Ai , Goldberg Noam
Published: May 2019

This article describes a new rule-enhanced penalized regression procedure for the generalized regression problem of predicting scalar responses from observation vectors in the absence of a preferred functional form. It enhances standard L1-penalized regression by adding dynamically generated rules, that is, new 0-1 covariates, corresponding to multidimensional “box” sets. In contrast to prior approaches to this class of problems, we draw heavily on standard (but non-polynomial-time) mathematical programming techniques, enhanced by parallel computing. We identify and incorporate new rules using a form of classical column generation and solve the resulting pricing subproblem, which is NP-hard, either exactly by a specialized parallel branch-and-bound method or by a greedy heuristic based on Kadane’s algorithm. The resulting rule-enhanced regression method can be computation intensive when we solve the subproblems exactly, but our computational tests suggest that it outperforms prior methods at making accurate and stable predictions from relatively small data samples. Through selective use of our greedy heuristic, we can make our method’s run time generally competitive with some established methods, without sacrificing prediction performance. We call our method’s pricing subproblem rectangular maximum agreement.
Managing Policy Reversals: Consequences for Firm Performance
Authors: Blake Daniel J. , Jandhyala Srividya
Published: May 2019

The recent revival of populism and nationalism across many parts of the world threatens to unravel the market-oriented reforms of the previous era. We examine the impact of the reversal of a previously adopted market-expanding policy on organizational performance. We argue that these policy reversals are contested; affected firms undertake a broad range of political and nonmarket activities to alter the implementation of the policy and buffer themselves from adverse consequences. However, these activities can increase policy uncertainty while making new demands on management, leading to diminished investment and a reallocation of finite managerial resources. The result is that firm performance on operational parameters suffers, including in locations that are not directly affected by the policy reversal. To empirically isolate this effect, we exploit an unexpected policy reversal in the context of telecommunications firms in India. Through an example caselet, we first outline the political and nonmarket activities of one firm affected by the unexpected policy reversal. We then empirically examine the performance of affected and unaffected telecommunication firms using a difference-in-differences approach to provide support for our arguments.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2019.0083 .
British Journal of Nursing Awards 2019: the winners
Authors: Smith Julie
Published: May 2019

Julie Smith introduces interviews with those nurses recognised for their contribution to clinical excellence in gastrointestinal, liver and stoma care
Fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease: understanding research needs through an exploratory narrative review
Authors: Radford Shellie Jean
Published: May 2019

Aims:

To summarise the main findings from research on current understanding of fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods:

A narrative review of relevant literature corresponding to IBD fatigue was conducted.

Results:

IBD fatigue is multidimensional and has a complex aetiology. The subjective nature and the lack of a standardised measure of fatigue add to the challenge of developing suitable and effective management methods. Although IBD fatigue is highlighted as a top-five priority research area by N-ECCO, it remains a complex and relatively unexplored area, especially when considering health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient experience.

Conclusions:

Research on the pathogenesis of IBD-related fatigue, effective measurement and its impact on IBD patients will allow the discovery of predictors of severe fatigue that requires clinical intervention, as well as the development of clear treatment pathways and structured support for IBD patients.
The procurement process
Authors: Rowley Imogen
Published: May 2019

Are your school's procurement processes up-to-scratch and compliant? Imogen Rowley offers a quick checklist to help you evaluate your practices
Curriculum design under a new Ofsted regime
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: May 2019

The new Ofsted inspection framework will see a focus on the breadth of a school's curriculum offer, including its ‘intent’, ‘implementation’ and ‘impact’. In light of these changes, Matt Bromley looks at how schools might plan their curriculum
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2019

Mark Greener rounds up the latest papers and reports relevant to primary care nurses
Ofsted to keep grading system despite criticism
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: May 2019

The ‘outstanding’ to ‘inadequate’ grading system is here to stay despite on-going concerns over reliability and validity of inspectors' judgements
EquineReview
Authors: McGovern Kate
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

this edition of Equine Review considers papers on risk factors for post-operative complications following umbilical resection in foals, use of intrasplenic phenyleprine in nephrosplenic entrapment of the large colon, and clinical outcomes following chemotherapy for lymphomas in equids.
Reducing risk in equine anaesthesia part 1: recognising risk factors and addressing common complications
Authors: Loomes Kate R
Published: May 2019

Performing general anaesthesia in horses carries an inherent risk. Knowledge of the physiological, pharmacological and practical considerations unique to horses is important to be able to minimise this risk and to address complications should they arise. This article discusses the factors known to increase and to reduce anaesthetic risk, and some of the common complications encountered; part 2 will address the physiological considerations of subsets of the equine population; aspects of human and patient safety; the importance of close observation and monitoring; and methods to reduce human error.
Efeito da temperatura na viscosidade aparente de diferentes marcas de requeijão cremoso tradicional e light
Authors: Paiva Ana Raisa , Revillion Jean Philippe Palma , Dias Camila Zimmer , Utpott Michele , Hertz Plinho Franciso
Published: May 2019

O Requeijão cremoso é um dos tipos de queijo fundido mais consumidos no Brasil. Ele faz parte de preparações quentes e frias em todo país. Tendo por base o efeito da temperatura na viscosidade de lácteos, o presente trabalho se propôs a avaliar o comportamento reológico de 4 marcas de Requeijão comercial em suas versões tradicional e light, em 3 diferentes temperaturas: 10, 25 e 50 °C. Também foi investigada a composição centesimal dos mesmos, no intuito de correlacionar o teor de algum macronutriente e as variações na viscosidade aparente. Os resultados indicam que, em geral, os índices de consistência para requeijões tradicionais foi superior aos seus pares light, excetuando-se as amostras B em 25 °C e A e C em 50 °C. O efeito da variação da temperatura também foi observado, sendo que invariavelmente um aumento de temperatura resultou em uma diminuição no índice  para todas as amostras. O efeito da taxa de cisalhamento foi acentuado em taxas altas, permitindo que se observasse uma resistência a deformação maior por parte de amostras tradicionais comparadas a amostras light. Nas condições avaliadas, não foi observada correlação entre semelhanças na composição centesimal e curvas de viscosidade aparente.
Detection of sorbate potassium in Brazilian commercial fermented milks
Authors: Ribeiro Raísa Dantas Xavier , De Araújo Géssica Cordeiro , Monteiro Nathália Brizack , Conte-Junior Carlos Adam , Da Costa Marion Pereira
Published: May 2019

Este estudo teve o objetivo de determinar a presença de ácido sórbico e seus sais em leites fermentados comercializados no Brasil, bem como quantificá-lo quando a amostra foi positiva. Vinte e seis amostras comerciais foram analisadas (n = 3), totalizando 78 amostras. As amostras foram divididas em dois grupos: amostras naturais (5) e com adição de ingredientes não lácteos (21). Um total de 61,53% amostras foram positivas para ácido sórbico e seus sais. Nestes, 3,85% eram de leites fermentados naturais, o que segundo o Codex Alimentarius e a legislação brasileira é caracterizado como fraude. Além disso, todas as amostras estavam fora da concentração máxima de sorbato de potássio de acordo com a legislação brasileira (0,3 g.kg-1) vigente, no entanto, estavam dentro dos parâmetros aceitáveis pelo Codex Alimentarius (1,0 g.kg-1). Podemos concluir que o ácido sórbico e seus sais foram detectados em leite fermentado natural e com ingredientes não lácteos.
Sarcopenia in older patients with osteoarthritis of large joints
Authors: Safonova Yu. A. , Zotkin E. G.
Published: May 2019

Pathological changes of large joints (knee, hip) in osteoarthritis (OA) are accompanied by the development of muscle weakness, decreased proprioception and imbalance.

Objective: assessment of skeletal muscles state in women over 65 years old with OA of large joints and determination of the main factors affecting the risk of sarcopenia.

Subjects and methods. In 159 women with OA (mean age 74±6 years), muscle mass was assessed with the appendicular lean mass index (ALM) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Muscle strength was measured by hand dynamometer, muscle function was determined by the results of a brief set of physical activity tests (short physical performance battery – SPP). The quality of life was analyzed by the EQ-5D questionnaire, pain assessment was carried out using a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results and discussion. Patients with sarcopenia were significantly more likely to have lower rates of ALM index (p<0.001), body mass index (p<0.001) and muscle strength (p<0.01). The incidence of sarcopenia increased with age (p<0.01). Muscle function measures are reduced in women with OA, regardless of the presence of sarcopenia. Falls in the previous 12 months before inclusion in the study in patients with sarcopenia were observed significantly more often than without sarcopenia: in 90 and 24.8% of cases (95% CI 78.2–96.7 and 17.0–34.0, respectively p<0.001). Clinically expressed pain in large joints in patients with and without sarcopenia was found with the same frequency. The average value of the EQ-5D index in women with sarcopenia was significantly less than without sarcopenia (0.48±0.22 and 0.74±0.27 respectively), mainly due to a decrease of the usual daily activities (p<0.01). However, in women over 85 years of age, the quality of life was comparable regardless of the presence or absence of sarcopenia.
Hematological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in the early stage: association with other symptoms of the disease and possible prognostic value
Authors: Petrov A. V. , Beloglazov V. A. , Shadyro D. V. , Gafarova A. R. , Petrov A. A.
Published: May 2019

Objective: to assess the relationship between hematological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the early stage of the disease and development of other syndromes and symptoms of the disease, as well as the nature and severity of internal organs damage during the subsequent five-year period.

Subjects and methods. The analysis of data of examination of 89 patients with SLE during the five-year period was carried out. The frequency of clinical manifestations of SLE, the level of antinuclear and antiphospholipid antibodies, SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI) depending on the presence of hematological manifestations of SLE in the onset of the disease including leukopenia (LP), thrombocytopenia (TP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AGA) were studied.

Results and discussion. In the onset of SLE LP was observed in 21.3%, TP – in 26.9%, AGA – in 8.9% of patients. The presence of LP was associated with an increase of antibodies to SSA frequency, and TP – with more frequent detection of antibodies to Ro-52, cardiolipin and β-2-glycoprotein (p<0.05). Patients with TP in the onset of SLE compared with patients without hematological manifestations, had an increase (p<0.05) of the cumulative incidence of nephritis (83.3 and 42.9%), central nervous system lesions (70.8 and 26.5%), vasculitis (45.8 and 10.2%) and Libman-Sachs endocarditis (20.8 and 6.1%, respectively), which was accompanied by an increase of SDI values (median was 2.09 [2, 1.82; 2.21] and 1.12 [0.81; 1.32], p<0.05). In patients with LP, the cumulative incidence of pneumonitis and Sjogren's syndrome was increased in the onset of SLE compared with patients without hematological manifestations (15.8 vs 6.1% and 15.7 vs 2.0%, respectively, p<0.05).

Conclusion. Presence of TP in the onset of SLE is a predictor of kidneys, central nervous system, peripheral vessels and heart valves damage during the next 5 years.
The relationship between the efficacy of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis and the achieved level of its polyglutamates in erythrocytes (pilot study)
Authors: Gridneva G. I. , Muravyev Yu. V. , Demidova N. V. , Aronova E. S. , Pivanova A. V. , Borisova M. A. , Glukhova S. I. , Starkova A. S. , Savushkina N. M. , Krasnenko S. O. , Nurbaeva K. S. , Baimeeva N. V. , Tyurin I. A. , Lila A. M.
Published: May 2019

Therapeutic control of the methotrexate (MT) polyglutamates (MTPG) level in erythrocytes can be an objective marker of the effective dose of MT prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Objective: to assess the relationship between the level of MTPG in red blood cells and efficacy of the MT dose used by RA patients.

Subjects and methods. The study included 60 patients with RA (44 women and 16 men over 18 years) who met the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) 2010 and received MT ≥20 mg/week subcutaneously for ≥12 weeks. The patients were divided into two groups of comparable age, sex, alcohol intake, number of smokers, body mass index (BMI), depending on the presence (group 1; n=30) or absence (group 2; n=30) of the effect of MT, according to the EULAR efficacy criteria (DAS28). The concentration of MTPG (total MTPG and metabolites of MTPG 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) was determined in erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.

Results and discussion. It was found that the levels of total MTPG and MTPG1, 2, 3, 5 in erythrocytes did not differ in groups of responders and nonresponders, and the dose of MT was comparable in both groups. At the same time, the level of MTPG4 in the first group was significantly higher (26.4±6.1 nmol/l; p=0.023) than in the second one (22.1±6.8 nmol/l). Analysis of the ROC curve showed that the values of MTPG4 <22.5 nmol/l corresponded to the absence of effect of MT. The area under the curve was 0.672 (95% confidence interval 0.536–0.808 (p=0.022), sensitivity 77%, specificity 53.3%.

Conclusion. For effective treatment of patients with RA MT dose should provide MTPG4 level in red blood cells ≥22.5 nmol/l.
Chronic pain and central sensitization in immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, the possibility of using targeted disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
Authors: Karateev A. E. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: May 2019

Chronic pain is one of the main manifestations of immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which determines the severity of suffering, reduced quality of life and disability of patients. Unfortunately, the use of synthetic and biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs does not always provide sufficient control of pain in IIRD, even when it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in inflammatory activity. The reason for this is the complex mechanism of chronic pain. It includes not onlystimulation of pain receptors caused by damage of the elements of the musculoskeletal system, but also a change in the perception of pain associated with the phenomenon of central sensitization (CS). CS is characterized by a significant and persistent increase in the sensitivity of nociceptive neurons to pain and nonpain stimuli. One of the main theories of the CS development consider this phenomenon as an inflammatory reaction of the neuronenvironmentthe activation of astrocytes and microglial cells, local hyperproduction of cytokines, inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic factors. Factors contributing to the development of CS in IIRD are obesity, depression and anxiety, damage of the somatosensory system, insufficient relief of pain in the onset of the disease. Clinical manifestations of CS in IIRD is hyperalgesia, allodinia, «expanded pain» and secondary fibromyalgia. An important role in the development of chronic pain and CS plays the intracellular inflammatory pathway JAK-STAT. Therefore, JAK inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, used in RA and PsA, can also be considered as an effective means of controlling chronic pain in these diseases.
XXI century: changes in the Erice Declaration on drug safety
Authors: Muravyev Yu. V. , Muravyeva L. A.
Published: May 2019

The article presents the provisions of the Erice Declaration on the safety of medicines and discusses the need for their transformation into the XXI century.
Las funciones de las ideas de la razón pura
Authors: Debernardi Cárcamo Italo Angelo
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo tiene por propósito analizar las funciones de las ideas de la razón pura, centrándose en el tratamiento que recibe esta temática en el Apéndice que cierra la Dialéctica trascendental de la Crítica de la razón pura. En particular, se aborda la función sistematizadora de las ideas y el problema del uso hipotético o regulativo de las mismas, así como el vínculo entre ambas funciones. Se mostrará cómo la búsqueda de la unidad sistemática por parte de la razón posibilita el uso coherente del entendimiento, y cómo las ideas, a modo de focus imaginarius, orientan al entendimiento y ensanchan el conocimiento y el ámbito de la experiencia dada desde fuera del campo del conocimiento empírico posible.
Sujeto y mundo. Premisas ontológicas del concepto kantiano de autonomía de la razón
Authors: Blanco Brotons Francisco
Published: May 2019

En este artículo nos preguntamos por la ontología del ser racional finito presupuesta en los planteamientos normativos kantianos y por la dinámica histórica de «realización» a la que da lugar. En ningún caso se trata con ello de atribuir a Kant una derivación del deber ser a partir del ser. Nos preguntamos por el ser del deber-ser. Si aceptamos denominar «ontología fundamental» a aquella indagación universal del sentido del ser que arraiga en la problematización del ser del sujeto, mi hipótesis es que en el factum de la conciencia del deber-ser, como ratio cognoscendi de la libertad, alienta una ontología fundamental más allá del idealismo trascendental. En el discurso de Kant la apertura de este problema tiene lugar con la Crítica del Juicio y hace emerger como pieza clave de este nivel de inteligibilidad el concepto de mundo.
El problema del comienzo en el «Sistema del idealismo trascendental»
Authors: Veleva Mariya
Published: May 2019

El descubrimiento del carácter poietico del principio del Idealismo trascendental motiva a Schelling a denominar el arte como órganon del Sistema de 1800 y a la vez se convierte en el motivo de algunas modificaciones radicales tanto de la metafísica como de la estética moderna. Schelling intenta deducir todos los comienzos relativos (condicionados) a partir de un solo comienzo, de un principio absoluto (incondicionado) cuya esencia es poiesis. La filosofía del arte no sólo está relacionada con el principio absoluto, sino también con el fin del Sistema, con la definición de la filosofía (más bien con su auto-de-fin-ición). Si el Sistema tiene un fin, si «acaba» en una obra de arte, no significa que lo infinito se agote, que se extinga en lo finito. Absolutum significa lo completo, lo acabado (das Vollendete) en el sentido de algo perfecto. El sistema acaba, sin «acabar», sin desgastarse, simplemente con auto-definirse, y a la vez autoconfirmarse como intelectivo y productivo, como Idealrealismo.
Religión, absoluto y filosofía en los fragmentos hegelianos de Frankfurt sobre la religión
Authors: Montecinos Fabio Sergio
Published: May 2019

A través de una reconstrucción sistemática de la concepción de unificación religiosa concebida por Hegel durante su estancia en Frankfurt, se busca poner de relieve tanto los aspectos peculiares y diferenciadores de ésta, como los elementos que anticipan el rumbo que adquirirá el pensamiento hegeliano desde Jena. La reconstrucción procede en tres pasos: tematización de la vida inmediata, de la reflexión y de su acción sobre la vida; caracterización de la religión como una elevación por sobre la finitud y acceso a la vida infinita en cuanto espíritu; determinación de la función crítico-negativa de la filosofía, subordinada a la religión. Se concluye estableciendo que, en estos textos tempranos, Hegel llega a una estructura sistemática central para su pensamiento ulterior, a saber, la estructura vida-conocer-espíritu. Además se ofrece una consideración relativa al potencial liberador que para Hegel tienen tanto la religión como la filosofía, dado que ambas escapan a una forma específica de racionalidad hegemónica en la cultura.
Schopenhauer y la tragedia: el valor de la compasión
Authors: Ávila Remedios
Published: May 2019

El siguiente trabajo estudia las emociones trágicas (miedo y compasión) en Schopenhauer y se ocupa especialmente de la compasión, reivindicando el valor positivo de esta última. En primer lugar, se refiere a la teoría de la tragedia de Aristóteles con el fin de clarificar la posición de Schopenhauer. En segundo lugar, intenta mostrar que la compasión posee en este autor una triple vertiente o función: estética, ética y ontológica. Finalmente, se examina una serie de cuestiones que dan idea de la novedad y originalidad de la reflexión filosófica de Schopenhauer con especial mención de la función educativa del arte.
Examination of Fabric Chemical Treatment Uniformity using a Mid-IR Focal Plane Array Detector
Authors: Cintron Michael Santiago , Von Hoven Terri , Fontenot Krystal , Hron Rebecca , Hinchliffe Doug J.
Published: May 2019

A macro sampling chamber equipped with mid-infrared (IR) focal plane array (FPA) detector was used to examine chemical treatments of cotton fabrics. Conventional IR methods typically examine individual points in a sample, while the FPA detector provides spatially resolved spectra that can corroborate chemical treatment and its distribution on the cotton fabric. Characterizations of three distinct treatments are presented: non-durable treatments of N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), an active ingredient in commercially available insect repellents, a phosphazine-based fire retardant, and fabric treated with deuterated water. All chemical treatments examined in this study exhibited distinct vibrational bands that could be used as markers of the fabric treatments. Our results suggest that the mid-IR FPA detector can be used to characterize fabric treatment uniformity and provide qualitative confirmation of fabric chemical treatment.
The Influence of Drying Temperature and Moisture of Corn Seeds Planted on Their Damage
Authors: Bajus Peter , Mraz Miroslav , Rigo Ivan , Findura Pavol , Fürstenzeller Adam , Kielbasa Pawel , Malaga-Tobola Urszula
Published: May 2019

Evaluation of harvest and postharvest treatment quality of the grains is affected by usage of appropriate equipment and technology. The grain damage depends on its physical and mechanical features. The corn planting has significant representation in European conditions, mainly for food industry purposes. In the work, we were focused on observing of the drying temperature’s impact on the micro-damage of the seeds. The solution of the issue described in the work is closely related to the preparation and solution of the education project KEGA 039SPU-4/2017, and a scientific research project VEGA 1/0718/17 „Study about the effect of technological parameters of the surface coating in agricultural and forestry techniques for qualitative parameters, safety and environmental acceptability“.
Research Resoults of Grain Shredder by Using Multiplied Method of Evaluation
Authors: Savinykh Petr A. , Isupov Alexey Yu. , Palichyn Andrey , Ivanov Ilaya I. , Romaniuk Wacław , Borek Kinga
Published: May 2019

Currently in Russia and other countries in family farms there is a demand for lowering cost of animal production. Main direction to achieve new terchnological solutions characterized by low energy constumption and high efficiency with maintaining high quality of product (mineral). For example, lately in animal production are acquired concentrates with low unity costs. Realising targets releated with lowering costs of forage production with usage comminution and crease of grain. Previously conducted own researches and literature analises shows, that currently used solutions are characterized by big errors made by construction of the devices, and technology effect of obtained product (grain). The paper presents the criteria for optimalization of technical indicators of shredding devices affecting the quality of the product.
Prediction of Pre-Compression Stress of Soil with Uniaxial Test
Authors: Śnieg Kinga , Błażejczak Dariusz
Published: May 2019

The paper presents a concept of determination of pre-compression stress. It assumes that the stress value is close to the unit pressure value which is indispensable to increase the initial degree of soil compaction. Thus, an attempt was made to develop an empirical model for predicting the value of stress at which the initial compaction of a soil sample increases by a determined value. Samples with the so-called intact structure (NS) and soil material in the form of loose mass were collected from subsoil, and they were used to form model samples. Both types of samples were uniaxially compressed. For the study, data on moisture and dry bulk density of model samples were used, as well as determined ratios (conversion factors) that present relations between the results of compaction of model samples and samples with the intact structure. It was reported that the pressure necessary for the increase of the initial compaction of the model samples with the value of +0.05 or +0.10 g∙cm−3 were higher than the formation pressure respectively by 1.03-1.11 and 1.42-1.93 times. It was proved that for determination of the pre-compression stress of the NS samples models of linear regression for prediction the pressure needed to increase the initial compaction of the model sample by the value of +0.05 g∙cm−3, combined with a coefficient calculated for the present state of the soil properties, can be applied.
Shaping Teat Suction Forces of Liners with Varied Structure of Rubber Core
Authors: Wiercioch Marian , Luberański Adam , Lejman Krzysztof , Fugol Małgorzata , Prask Hubert
Published: May 2019

A liner is the only part of the milking unit which has a direct contact with a cow’s teat. It ensures a correct circulation of body liquids in a teat with its suitable massage and creates conditions for a teat to open and milk to flow out and maintains a milking cup on a teat. The result of the last task is generation of a suction force that sucks a teat into a liner. During milking, when a cup is placed on a teat, counter forces are generated that try to remove a liner from a teat and forces that cause that a teat moves up to a liner producing a phenomenon of “a climbing cup”. Forces that tend to separate a teat from a liner depend on the mass of a milking cup set and the value of the friction force. A counter force that tends to suck a teat into a liner is proportional to the level of negative pressure in a liner and the surface of cross-section of a teat that is subjected to negative pressure. We should also assume that also the structure of a liner will influence this force. The paper presents results of the laboratory tests on the impact of the shape of the cross-section of a rubber core and construction solutions of liners on the vacuum force of a liner when a teat is sucked into a teat chamber. Eight liners, popular in milking machines used in our country were used in the tests. Various penetrations of a teat (50, 62, 75 and 100 mm), working pressure (25-55 kPa) and a working stage of the milking cup were additional variables. In order to determine whether and what is the degree of the impact of variability sources on shaping the suction forces of a liner, a static processing of results was carried out using a multi-variance analysis. It was proved that at the significance level of α=0.05, the source of variability assumed in the experiment in the form of the liner shape, negative pressure and penetration affected the analysed sizes, i.e. Average values of suction forces in the suction phase (Fws) and massage phase (Fwm). The investigation of the impact of the rubber core part on the determined values of the suction force in the function of variable negative pressure proved that at teat penetration of 50 and 62 mm (the most popular lengths of teats in milked cows), the lowest suction force was observed in case of a liner with a triangular cross-section, slightly bigger with a square cross-section and the highest suction force is generated by round and oval liners.
The Dystopian Near-Future in Contemporary British Drama
Authors: Reid Trish
Published: May 2019

This paper addresses the theme of fear and anxiety in contemporary drama and performance through a consideration of the trope of the dystopian near-future as it has re-occurred in a significant number of recent British plays. It takes as its starting point the contention that the prevalence and persistence of this motif makes it worthy of investigation. The plays under discussion do not re-inscribe socio-political problems, or the status quo, by pretending to be objective records of the real world. Instead they create alternative fictional near-future worlds, exploratory dystopias that deliberately perform anxiety-inducing and estranging critical interrogations of current cultural and political concerns. Drawing on the work of Raymond Williams this essay seeks to show that the critical and emotional insights offered by these play-worlds are made possible only through the process of our pondering their strangeness. Each example stages its own particular disruption of theatrical realism and in so doing engages critically both with the British realist theatrical tradition, and also with the wider cultural discourses about ‘truth’ and ‘reality’ that haunt our contemporary neoliberal moment and the emotions these discourses produce.
Time and Metaphysics: Kant and McTaggart on the Reality of Time
Authors: Rukgaber Matthew
Published: May 2019

The paper examines Kant’s theory of time in light of McTaggart’s argument that time is unreal. First, it presents McTaggart’s theory of time and his argument that a contradiction inevitably emerges in time’s analysis, leading either to an infinite regress of times or the denial that time is real. The paper then shows that Kant rejects the absolute notion of time, the idea that there are eternal coordinates that are experienced by us as being in time. It argues against subjectivist or psychological interpretations of Kant’s theory of time. The main argument is that Kant’s notion of a priori intuition, rather than being the flow of mental states in consciousness, is the subject’s self-intuition as being temporally present, and, moreover, that the present acts as a temporal metric, specifying a first-person perspective in the world and designating a temporal simple.
Die monoklinen Seltenerdmetall(III)-Chlorid-Oxidoarsenate(III) mit der Zusammensetzung SE
5Cl3[AsO3]4 (SE=La–Nd, Sm)
Authors: Goerigk Felix C. , Schander Svetlana , Hamida Makram Ben , Kang Dong-Hee , Ledderboge Florian , Wickleder Mathias S. , Schleid Thomas
Published: May 2019

The rare earth metal(III) chloride oxidoarsenates(III) with the composition RE
5Cl3[AsO3]4 (RE = La–Nd, Sm) could be synthesized via solid-state methods through the reaction of arsenic sesquioxide (As2O3) with the corresponding rare earth metal compounds (La2O3, CeO2 + metallic Ce, Pr6O11, Nd2O3 or metallic Sm) using several chloride-containing fluxing agents in evacuated silica glass ampoules. The compounds build up non-isotypic crystal structures in the monoclinic space groups C2/c for RE = La–Pr, and P2/c for RE = Nd and Sm. All rare earth metal(III) cations exhibit coordination numbers of eight. While (RE1)3+ and (RE2)3+ are only surrounded by oxygen atoms in the form of distorted square antiprisms or prisms, (RE3)3+ is coordinated square antiprismatically by four oxygen atoms and four chloride anions. Although the coordination polyhedra in both structures differ only marginally, their connection patterns show more pronounced differences. This regards especially the (RE)3+ cations and results from different site symmetries of the (Cl1)− anions. All As3+ lone-pair cations are coordinated by three oxygen atoms to form ψ1-tetrahedral [AsO3]3− complex anions with their non-binding (lone) electron pairs pointing into empty channels along [010].