bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF SYSTROPUS WIEDEMANN (DIPTERA: BOMBYLIIDAE)
Authors: Yeates D. K. , Hagan C. E.
Published: April 2007

We present a key to the 2 Australian genera of Systropodinae and 2 Australian species of Systropus Wiedemann. The previously unknown male of S. doddi Roberts is described and aspects of its behaviour briefly discussed. The male genitalia of both Australian species are illustrated and compared.
COMPARING INFESTATIONS BY SITONA DISCOIDEUS GYLLENHAL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) ON MEDITERRANEAN AND AUSTRALIAN MEDICAGO SPP. ACCESSIONS (LEGUMINOSAE) IN SOUTHERN FRANCE
Authors: Aeschlimann J. P. , Vitou Janine
Published: April 2007

The hypothesis that Mediterranean accessions of the genus Medicago are less susceptible to attack by the weevil Sitona discoideus than cultivars recently selected in Australia, was tested at a French site, under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The impact of naturally occurring S. discoideus populations on 5 Mediterranean accessions and 5 Australian cultivars was measured over the period 1983–85 using techniques which allowed for all developmental stages of the weevil to be accurately sampled. There was no evidence of preference of S. discoideus for any one Medicago spp. line.
DEVELOPMENT AND MATING BEHAVIOUR OF OECHALIA SCHELLENBERGII (GUÉRIN‐MÉNEVILLE) AND CERMATULUS NASALIS (WESTWOOD) (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)1
Authors: Awan M. S.
Published: April 2007

In laboratory studies the development thresholds of eggs of Oechalia schellenbergii (Guérin‐Méneville) and Crematulus nasalis (Westwood) were found to be above 12.5°C. Survival of eggs of O. schellenbergii was reduced at 15°C compared with temperatures up to 35°C. Egg survival in C. nasalis was significantly less at 15 and 30°C than at 20 or 25°C and nil at 35°C. First‐instar nymphs of both species failed to moult at 15°C indicating a higher development threshold for this stage than for eggs. Survival of nymphs of O. schellenbergii was similar between 20 and 35°C. Survival of nymphs of C. nasalis was similar except at 35°C where it was significantly lower. Reproductive potential of both species was higher between 25 and 30°C with O. schellenbergii better adapted at higher temperatures. Adult longevity of both sexes of both species increased as temperatures decreased.

Males of O. schellenbergii displayed an elaborate courtship and mating behaviour which was absent in C. nasalis.
USE OF PASTURE GROWTH INDICES TO PREDICT SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHORTOICETES TERMINIFERA (WALKER) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Wright D. E. , Hunter D. M. , Symmons P. M.
Published: April 2007

Extremely dry conditions frequently result in the rapid decline of populations of Australian plague locust. Locust survival has been related to pasture growth using a pasture growth index. This index gives a measure of the effect of rainfall on growth of plants in a variety of climatic regimes and plant community types. Using the index on pasture condition, one can forecast the development stage that the locusts will reach without further rain. If rain then occurs, the forecast can be updated. The application and limitations of the relationship between the pasture growth index and locust survival are discussed.
A COMPOSITE INTERCEPTION TRAP FOR SAMPLING ARTHROPODS IN TREE CANOPIES
Authors: Basset Yves
Published: April 2007

A new design of interception trap is presented based on a combination of features of window and Malaise traps. The trap has been developed for study of the canopy faunas of rainforest trees, specifically Argyrodendron actinophyllum. Five such traps have been operated in SE Queensland for a year with catches being removed weekly. Coleoptera, Nematocera, Homoptera and Hymenoptera were the most abundant groups in these samples with the families Sciaridae, Cicadellidae, Scolytidae and Chrysomelidae dominating the collections. The trap appears to sample the arboreal fauna selectively and was used to identify the peak of arthropod abundance during the year.
ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES OF THREE POPULATIONS OF PECTINOPHORA SCUTIGERA (HOLDAWAY) (LEPIDOFTERA: GELECHIIDAE) IN QUEENSLAND
Authors: Hughes J. M. , Zalucki M. P. , Walker P. W.
Published: April 2007

Samples of pinkspotted bollworm Pectinophora scutigera (Holdaway) were collected from a range of different host plants at 3 locations in Queensland. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis was used to determine if there was evidence that more than one species was present. Of 12 genetic loci examined, only 2 were polymorphic and allele frequencies differed very little among samples taken from different host plants or between locations. While the evidence is not conclusive, it suggests that all 3 populations are conspecific.
A PORTABLE LIGHT TRAP FOR CULICOIDES SPP. (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: Hagan C. E. , Graff J. A.
Published: April 2007

The design of a portable light trap for adult Culicoides spp. is given.
REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN GENUS DORATITHYNNUS TUNER (HYMENOPTERA: TIPHIIDAE)
Authors: Brown G. R.
Published: April 2007

The 4 known species of Doratithynnus Turner are redescribed and 7 new species described D. aliceae, D. althoferi, D. koteae, D. medianus, D. nigristernum, D. stewarti and D. victoriae. A key to species is given. Females of D. medianus, D. nigristernum and D. spryi Turner are unknown. Lectotypes are designated for D. doddii (Turner) and D. spryi.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Zalucki M. P.
Published: April 2007

Potentials and Limitations of Ecosystem Analysis. Schultze, E.‐D. and Zwolfer, H. (Eds).
INDIRECT EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE INSEMINATION IN CHIRONOMUS OPPOSITUS WALKER (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Martin Jon , Lee B. T. O.
Published: April 2007

Electrophoretic analysis of an egg mass collected from a natural population of Chironomus oppositus f. whitei, provided indirect evidence that the female had been inseminated by at least 2 different males. This indicates that the previous assumption based on the banding patterns of the polytene chromosomes, that an egg mass is the result of a single mating (Martin et al. 1980), must be treated with caution. Electrophoretic analysis has therefore been able to answer a question on reproductive biology which it is difficult to answer directly or using polytene cytology. The size of the egg mass suggested that it may have been a seond egg mass laid by that female, further suggesting the possibility that a female may re‐mate after she has laid an egg mass.
THE AUSTRALASIAN SPECIES OF WINTHEMIA ROBINEAU‐DESVOIDY (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) WITH NOTES ON OCEANIAN AND ORIENTAL SPECIES
Authors: Cantrell B. K.
Published: April 2007

The identities of the described Australasian species of Winthemia are clarified by examination of original type material and 2 new species described W. novaguinea and W. queenslandica. Notes on the type material of Oceanian and Oriental species of Winthemia are appended. Males of all species are keyed. W. neowinthemioides (Townsend) is synonymised with W. sumatrana (Townsend) and W. trichopareia (Schiner) is unlikely to be Australian.
STAGE‐SPECIFIC MORTALITY IN TWO FIELD POPULATIONS OF IMMATURE CHRYSOPHTHARTA BIMACULATA (OLIVIER) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: de Little D. W. , Elliott H. J. , Madden J. L. , Bashford R.
Published: April 2007

A population census of the immature stages of 2 widely separated field populations of the Tasmanian eucalyptus leaf beetle, Chrysophtharta bimaculata was conducted to determine the level of mortality occurring in each stage. Analysis of census figures for stage specific mortality showed that the egg stage was the most vulnerable with mortality ranging from 66% to 84%. Total mortality of the immature stages up to fourth instar larvae ranged from 95 to 97%. Similar mortality factors were seen to operate in each of the 2 populations with the greatest single factor being predation by coccinellids. The implications of this level and timing of natural biological control are discussed in relation to control strategies for C. bimaculata.
IMMATURE STAGES OF PROTAETIA FUSCA (HERBST) (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: CETONIINAE) WITH NOTES ON BIOLOGY
Authors: Simpson G. B.
Published: April 2007

The egg, all larval instars and pupa of Protaetia fusca (Herbst), the mottled flower scarab, are described and notes on its biology are presented. The third instar larva is distinguished from those of Eupoecila australasiae (Donovan) and Diaphonia dorsalis Donovan, the only other Australian cetoniines for which larval descriptions are available.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Michaelis Frances B.
Published: April 2007

Tasmanian Plecoptera. Noel Hynes. Special Publication No 8 of the Australian Society for Limnology, c/‐ Griffith University, Nathan, Qld. $10.00 including postage.
RESISTANCE TO GRAIN PROTECTANTS AND PHOSPHINE IN COLEOPTEROUS PESTS OF GRAIN STORED ON FARMS IN NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Herron G. A.
Published: April 2007

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), T. confusum Jacquelin du Val, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), S. granarius (L.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) were collected from farms in grain‐growing areas in southern and northern N.S.W. and bioassayed for resistance to the grain protectants malathion, fenitrothion, bioresmethrin, carbaryl, pirimiphos‐methyl, chlorpyrifos‐methyl and the fumigant phosphine.

Results showed that resistance on farms in N.S.W. is similar to resistance reported elsewhere in Australia's grain handling system during the past decade. The only new resistance of practical significance was detected in O. surinamensis where 50% of populations were resistant to fenitrothion (maximum R.F. 68.4x). Fenitrothion resistance was uncommon or not detected in other species. Pirimiphos‐methyl resistance was detected in 70% of O. surinamensis populations (maximum RF 44.2x) and in 1 population of T. castaneum (maximum RF 3.1x). Resistance to chlorpyrifos‐methyl was detected in 39% of the O. surinamensis populations (maximum RF 8.4x), the only species tested. Low level phosphine resistance was detected in all species (maximum RF 2.2x). Malathion resistance was detected in all species except S. granarius. Resistance to bioresmethrin and carbaryl was not detected in R. dominica, the only species tested.
PSOCOPTERA FROM THE GRAMPIANS AND MT ARAPILES, WESTERN VICTORIA—A BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Endersby N. M. , New T. R. , Thornton I. W. B.
Published: April 2007

Psocoptera collected from a range of vegetation associations at The Grampians and Mt Arapiles, 2 inland highland localities in western Victoria, are listed and discussed. Ten visits during 1988 yielded 32 species of Psocoptera (The Grampians 27, Mt Arapiles 13). The faunas of the 2 areas are compared, and a more extensive comparison is made with earlier surveys of Cape Otway and Wilson's Promontory (Victoria) and some Bass Strait islands (Tasmania) using Correspondence Analysis and several similarity indices. The fauna of Mt Arapiles appears to be particularly distinct in relation to those of the other study areas.
PHYLLOGNATHUS CARNEI SP.N. AND ORYCTODERUS LATITARSIS BOISDUVAL (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE), TWO ADDITIONS TO THE AUSTRALIAN FAUNA
Authors: Allsopp P. G.
Published: April 2007

Phyllognathus carnei sp.n., described from a male from northern Queensland, is the first record of the genus from the Southern Hemisphere. Oryctoderus latitarsis Boisduval is newly recorded from Australia.
LABORATORY STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING SEXUAL MATURATION IN NOMADACRIS GUTTULOSA (WALKER) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Elder R. J.
Published: April 2007

Sexual maturation (determined by the length of the terminal oocyte or the size of the male accessory gland) of Nomadacris guttulosa was fastest under conditions where photophase was 14 h, relative humidity (RH) exceeded 55–60% and temperature was greater than 32°C. Under a 14 h photophase, 60–80% RH, and a temperature regime of 32°C (16 h) and 38°C (8 h) sexual maturity was attained in a minimum period of 7.1 weeks post fledging. Evidence is presented that early maturation is dependent on a critical photophase of approximately 13 h.
DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF MYTHIMNA CONVECTA (WALKER) AND PERSECTANIA EWINGII (WESTWOOD) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON CEREAL AND GRASS HOSTS
Authors: MCDONALD GARRICK
Published: April 2007

The development rate, survival and pupal weight of the armyworms Mythimna convecta and Persectania ewingii were compared after the larvae were reared on seedling or mature vegetative forms of wheat, oats and barley. No larvae of P. ewingii survived on oat seedlings, and on mature oats survival and growth rates were significantly lower than on other cereals. P. ewingii growth rates were also lower on the seedling form of barley than that of wheat. Immature development rates of M. convecta were unaffected by cereal species, although pupae grown from oats were significantly heavier. M. convecta was also tested on a number of pasture grasses. The species had maximum growth rates on barley grass (Hordeum leporinum), performed well on rye grass (Lolium perenne) (with and without the fungal endophyte Acremonium lolii) and kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), and had significantly slower growth rates on paspalum (Paspalum dilatum) and Mitchell grass (Astrebla pectinata). The possible mechanisms of plant resistance are discussed in relation to the results.
CHILOCORUS CIRCUMDATUS GYLLENHAL NEWLY ESTABLISHED IN AUSTRALIA AND ADDITIONAL RECORDS FOR COCCINELLA UNDECIMPUNCTATA L. (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)
Authors: HOUSTON K. J.
Published: April 2007

Chilocorus circumdatus Gyllenhal is recorded as established in Australia for the first time with Unaspis citri (Comstock) and Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) as new prey records. Additional distributional records are given for Coccinella undecimpunctata.
REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN GENUS ENOGGERA GIRAULT (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE: ASAPHINAE)
Authors: Naumann I. D.
Published: April 2007

The 5 known species of the endemic Australian genus Enoggera Girault are described or redescribed, and illustrated. Enoggera is redescribed. E. nassaui (Girault) and E. reticulata sp.n. parasitise the eggs of paropsine chrysomelids (Coleoptera); between 1985 and 1987 both were introduced to southern Africa as agents for the biocontrol of Trachymela tincticollis (Blackburn), a pest of Eucalyptus trees. The hosts of Enoggera polita Girault, E. sulcata sp.n. and E. tanythrix sp.n. are unknown.
SAMPLING STRATEGIES FOR ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND POPULATIONS OF SACCHARICOCCUS SACCHARI (COCKERELL) (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) ON SUGARCANE
Authors: De Barro P. J.
Published: April 2007

A flotation method using stubble pieces of sugarcane was more efficient in sampling underground sugarcane mealybugs, Saccharicoccus sacchari than were flotation using stools or cores or the dry probe method using stools, cores or single‐stalk stubble pieces. Above‐ground populations were distributed randomly within a stool. Total number of mealybugs per sample could be estimated from the number of adults per sample.
OPSONYSSUS INDICUS FAIN (ACARI: GASTRONYSSIDAE) ON THE EYE OF PTEROPUS SCAPULATUS PETERS (CHIROPTERA: PTEROPODIDAE)
Authors: Bancroft B. J.
Published: April 2007

Opsonyssus indicus is recorded for the first time in Australia from the eye of Pteropus scapulatus.
A NEW SPECIES OF PSILOPSOCUS ENDERLEIN (PSOCOPTERA: PSILOPSOCIDAE) FROM MALAYSIA
Authors: New T. R. , Lee S. S.
Published: April 2007

Psilopsocus malayanus sp.n. is described from West Malaysia, thereby extending the known distribution of the genus to mainland Asia. A key to the 7 species of the family Psilopsocidae is provided.
REVIEW OF THE DOLICHODERINE ANT GENUS IRIDOMYRMEX MAYR WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW GENERA (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Shattuck Steven O.
Published: April 2007

The generic placement of species assigned to the dolichoderine ant genus Iridomyrmex Mayr is reviewed. Three new genera (Ochetellus, Papyrius, Philidris) are described, one genus (Doleromyrma Forel) is removed from synonymy, and two genera (Anonychomyrma Donisthorpe, Linepithema Mayr) are redefined and expanded, resulting in numerous new combinations. Worker‐based characterisations are given for each genus.
CARBAMATE RESISTANCE INHELICOVERPA ARMIGERA(HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Gunning, R. V. , Balfe M. E. , Easton C. S.
Published: April 2007

Helicoverpa armigera larvae were collected from N.S.W. and Queensland from 1983 to 1990 and bioassayed with methomyl and thiodicarb. Methomyl was tested by topical application on 3rd instars. New bioassay techniques for thiodicarb, a stomach poison and methomyl as an ovicide were developed and are described. Baseline susceptibility data for thiodicarb are presented, as is evidence of widespread resistance to methomyl in H. armigera larvae. Resistance to methomyl in a selected strain was estimated as approximately 23 fold, while in field strains, resistance did not exceed 11 fold. Methomyl synergism by piperonyl butoxide and DBF inferred that resistance may be attributable to monooxygenase and esterase detoxification. Resistance was not expressed by the egg stage. These data are discussed with reference to the Australian Helicoverpa resistance management strategy.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Clarke Anthony R.
Published: April 2007

Insects as Predators. T. R. New. The New South Wales University Press:
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Papacek Dan
Published: April 2007

Armored scale insects: their biology, natural enemies and control. World Crop Pests, Volume 4B. D. Rosen (Ed.).
THE RAINFOREST ANT FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN KIMBERLEY REGION OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Andersen Alan N.
Published: April 2007

This paper documents the ant species collected during a survey of 16 rainforest patches in the northern Kimberley region in the seasonal tropics, and compares this fauna with those of other regions in Australia. A total of 138 species from 36 genera were collected, with the richest genera being Monomorium (18 species), Pheidole (16), Polyrhachis (15), Iridomyrmex (12), Paratrechina (9), Camponotus (8) and Meranoplus (6). The most frequently recorded species were Oecophylla smaragdina, Monomorium sp., Tetramorium (“Triglypothrix”) ?lanuginosum, Paratrechina “minutula”, Polyrhachis “inconspicua” and Tapinoma sp. About half of the species collected have Torresian affinities, which, based on data from the Kakadu region, is far higher than in the surrounding savanna. Some of these Torresian species represent specialist rainforest taxa (notably tree‐nesting Oecophylla, Crematogaster and Polyrhachis spp. and some cryptic ponerines and myrmicines) that are of considerable biogeographical significance, but most belong to taxa that are widespread in sclerophyll habitats in northwestern Australia. None of the many tropical genera previously only known in Australia from Queensland rainforests were recorded. A further 41% of the total species belong to taxa that are widely distributed throughout Australia. The Kimberley rainforest fauna therefore consists primarily of unspecialised taxa, presumably derived from surrounding habitats.
DIEL FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF HELICOVERPA PUNCTIGERA (WALLENGREN) ADULTS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Coombs M.
Published: April 2007

Diurnal levels of feeding by Helicoverpa punctigera adults were quantified in relation to numbers of moths feeding during the first 4 h after sunset. Feeding occurred throughout daylight hours. Numbers of feeding moths were greatest at sunset. On nights when temperatures fell below 10 °C, moths were not observed to feed. Stepwise multiple regression identified both temperature and light, and the interaction between these two factors as significantly influencing the numbers of moths feeding. Numbers of moths feeding during the middle of the day were negatively correlated with air temperature at sunset of the previous evening.
EVIDENCE THAT DROSOPHILA MYCETOPHAGA MALLOCH (DIPTERA: DROSOPHILIDAE) IS NOT A TRUE “LEKKING” SPECIES
Authors: Hoffmann A. A. , Blows M. W.
Published: April 2007

Drosophila mycetophaga has previously been reported to form male aggregations, constituting leks, on the underside of bracket fungi. Collections of flies from bracket fungi confirm male aggregations on white areas of bracket fungi but also show female aggregations around exudates from the fungi. Immature D. mycetophaga have been identified in these exudates. Because the exudate on some fungi is used as a breeding resource by females, male aggregations on these specimens are, by definition, not leks.
FIELD EVALUATION OF A SYNTHETIC PHEROMONE FORMEROPHYAS DIVULSANA(WALKER) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Bishop A. L. , Spohr L. J. , McKenzie H. J. , Vickers R. A. , Whittle C. P. , Bellas T. E.
Published: April 2007

Experiments were undertaken in lucerne crops with a synthetic pheromone of the lucerne leafroller Merophyas divulsana to ascertain appropriate trapping procedures. Robust delta‐type traps were used. In tests at 15, 30 or 50 cm from the ground, most male moths were caught at 30 cm. The proportion of male moths caught at each height was unaffected by changes in crop height and male population density for most of a regrowth cycle. Optimum catches were made with 0.015 mg of total pheromone blend/lure. Baits with 0.15 mg of pheromone/lure remained effective for up to 22 weeks. Maximum catches during a 24‐h period were made in the first hour after sunset. A standardised procedure for pheromone trapping of M. divulsana is proposed.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF HELEINI FROM TASMANIA (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)
Authors: Matthews E. G. , Lawrence J. F.
Published: April 2007

Leaus tasmanicus gen. et sp. n. is described from western Tasmania. Its possible relationship to either the Heleini or the Cyphaleini is discussed, with the conclusion that the new genus may be closest to the heleine genus Lepispilus Westwood.
DAILY ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF ADULT CREONTIADES DILUTUS (STÅL) AND CAMPYLOMMA LIEBKNECHTI (GIRAULT) (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) IN EARLY‐FLOWERING COTTON
Authors: Bodnaruk K. P.
Published: April 2007

Daily activity patterns were obtained for the mirids Creontiades dilutus and Campylomma liebknechti sampled from flowering cotton in the Lockyer Valley of southeastern Queensland. Two activity peaks occurred for both species, one during mid‐morning and a second in the late‐afternoon, the latter being the time of greatest activity. The commercial implications of this pattern are discussed.
REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN CAMPYLOMMA REUTER (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE: PHYLINAE)
Authors: Malipatil M. B.
Published: April 2007

All Australian species of Campylomma were re‐examined with emphasis on male genitalia. C. liebknechti (Girault) is resurrected for the Australian material previously identified as C. livida Reuter, a species restricted to the Oriental Region. Ragmus pulcher Girault, R. argenteus Girault and Rhinacloa queenslandana Ghauri are synonymised with C. liebknechti. C. austrina sp.n., C. kununurraensis sp.n. and C. fusciantennata sp.n. are described from northern Australia. A key to Australian species of Campylomma is given.
ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF TWO STRAINS OF APHELINUS VARIPES (FOERSTER) (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE)
Authors: Strong Kathleen L.
Published: April 2007

Cellulose acetate horizontal gel electrophoresis of two strains of the aphid parasitoid Aphelinus varipes was used to determine if mating incompatibilities between the strains was diagnostic of genetic differentiation. Resolution of seven presumptive enzyme loci revealed only one individual variant, providing no evidence that the two strains are not conspecific.
INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MYZUS PERSICAE (SULZER) (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Herron G. A. , Gibson T. S. , Horwood M. A.
Published: April 2007

Strains of Myzus persicae, collected from the Goulburn Valley, Victoria, and the Bathurst‐Orange region, N.S.W., during 1988–89 and 89–90 were screened for resistance to demeton‐S‐methyl, pirimicarb, methamidophos and methomyl. Bioassay was used to determine levels of resistance to each chemical. Electrophoresis was used to determine the frequency of individual aphids with enhanced levels of the resistance conferring E4 carboxylesterase, which was assumed to be the resistance mechanism. Demeton‐S‐methyl resistance (RF range 14.8–40.0 x) and pirimicarb resistance (RF range 7.5–20.2 x) were detected in all strains tested by bioassay. Low level methamidophos resistance was detected (RF range 2.9–4.2 x) in three of the seven strains tested. However, methomyl resistance was not detected in any strain. Electrophoretic examination of the resistant strains showed only one strain contained susceptible individuals. Most strains consisted predominantly of the highly resistant variant (R2) and some strains may contain the extremely resistant variant (R3).
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Jennings John T.
Published: April 2007

Introductory Entomology for Australian Students. T. R. New.
LARVAE OF AUSTRALIAN SYNLESTIDAE (ODONATA: ZYGOPTERA)
Authors: Theischinger, G. , Watson J. A. L. , Rowe R. J.
Published: April 2007

The information available on the larvae of Australian Synlestidae is summarised. The larvae of Episynlestes albicauda (Tillyard), E. cristatus Watson and Moulds, E. intermedius Theischinger and Watson, Synlestes selysi Tillyard, S. tropicus Tillyard and the three subspecies of S. weyersii Selys (S. w. weyersii, S. w. nigrescens Tillyard and S. w. tillyardi Fraser) are described, and further details are given of the larva of Chorismagrion risi Morton. The final instar larvae of Australian Synlestidae are keyed.
PARASITISM OFCHORTOICETES TERMINIFERA(WALKER) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) EGGS BYSCELIO PARVICORNISDODD (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE)
Authors: Baker G. L. , Pigott R. G.
Published: April 2007

Chortoicetes terminifera is recorded for the first time as a host of Scelio parvicornis. Mean levels of parasitism ranged from 7.2‐20% of host egg pods. S. parvicornis overwinters as first‐instar larvae in diapause host eggs. Incubation experiments indicate that a facultative diapause, induced by low temperature occurred at the late first‐instar larval stage in 36.3% of the population.
EFFECTS OF ANT ATTENDANCE ON REPRODUCTION AND SURVIVAL OFEURMELOIDES PUNCTATA(SIGNORET) ANDEURYMELA DISTINCTASIGNORET (HEMIPTERA: EURYMELIDAE) ON EUCALYPTS
Authors: Rozario S. A. , Farrow R. A. , Gullan P. J.
Published: April 2007

An association between ants and two eurymelid leafhoppers, Eurymeloides punctata and Eurymela distincta, was studied from December 1986 to June 1988 in a plantation of Eucalyptus viminalis in southeastern N.S.W. All populations of E. punctata and E. distincta were attended by ants of an Iridomyrmex species. Successful oviposition and survival of resulting eggs and nymphs, especially early instars, of both eurymelid species were reduced if ants were excluded. In the first field season (Dec. 1986‐July 1987) only two out of six second‐generation populations of E. punctata persisted after exclusion of ants, and in the second field season (Nov. 1987‐June 1988) only one out of six first‐generation populations persisted. Fewer data were available for E. distincta, but a similar trend was apparent. Some trees also supported large populations of scale insects (Eriococcus spp.) and on these trees ants tended scale insects rather than eurymelids.
A NEW SPECIES OFLESTRICOTHYNNUSTURNER WITH NOTES ON MISCOUPLING IN THYNNINAE (HYMENOPTERA: TIPHIIDAE)
Authors: Brown G. R.
Published: April 2007

Lestricothynnus campbelli sp.n. is described and interspecific miscoupling involving this species, and other Thynninae is discussed.
TRISSODON HOWDENORUMANDT. BIDENTATUSSPP. N. FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA WITH FURTHER RECORDS OF OTHERTRISSODONSPP. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE)
Authors: Allsopp P. G.
Published: April 2007

Two new species are described from Western Australia: Trissodon howdenorum from males taken near Geraldton; and T. bidentatus from a male taken in the Tutanning Nature Reserve near Pingelly. Further records are given for T. australasiae (Hope), T. laevigatus (Burmeister), T. tibialis Carne, T. subopacus Arrow, T. curtus (Burmeister), T. glaber Arrow, and T. nasutus (Blackburn).
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION OFNEZARA VIRIDULA(L.) (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Authors: And L. R. I. Velasco* , Walter G. H.
Published: April 2007

The influence of temperature on egg production by Nezara viridula adults and on the survival and development of nymphs was examined as a possible reason for the relatively low abundance of eggs and nymphs during mid‐summer in southeastern Queensland. High temperatures (27/37 °C) in laboratory studies adversely affected nymphal survival and adult reproduction compared with lower temperatures (10/20 °C and 20/30°C). Nymphal survival to the adult stage was lower under the high temperature regime and none of the resulting adults survived long enough to mate and reproduce. In general, nymphal survival and development and the reproductive ability of adults was similar at the two lower temperature regimes. Since the middle regime approximates summer field temperatures, we conclude that low numbers of N. viridula nymphs during mid‐summer cannot be explained by temperature alone.
THE EFFECT OF WATERING REGIME ON IMMATURE STAGES OFCEROPLASTES DESTRUCTORNEWSTEAD (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE)
Authors: Milne Wendy M.
Published: April 2007

Watering regime did not significantly affect the survival of immature stages of Ceroplastes destructor, but it did affect rate of development. Rate of development was also influenced by host plant species. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 35 °C apparently caused high mortality of immature stages on leaves, regardless of water regime.
ESTABLISHMENT AND SPREAD OFVESPULA GERMANICA(F.) (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) IN NEW SOUTH WALES AND THE INFLUENCE OF RAINFALL ON ITS ABUNDANCE
Authors: Horwood, M. A. , Toffolon R. B. , Brown G. R.
Published: April 2007

Establishment of European wasp, Vespula germanica, in N.S.W. was confirmed in 1978 when 17 nests were destroyed in the Sydney Metropolitan Area (SMA). The number of nests recorded in subsequent years remained low (< 18) until 1982–83, when 74 nests were found. During 1983–84 and 1984–85, the number of nests continued to increase, approximately doubling each year. High nest numbers were recorded throughout the State for the remainder of the monitoring period and peaked at 802 in 1987–88. The area of the SMA infested by V. germanica increased sigmoidally. After increasing rapidly during 1983–84 and 1984–85, the area infested stabilised at approximately 1,400 km2. Nest abundance in the SMA was correlated with annual rainfall (r = 0.776; p < 0.01). It is possible that a shortage of available fresh water is an important factor limiting the spread of V. germanica in the SMA.
A METHOD FOR DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN INSTARS OFSACCHARICOCCUS SACCHARI(COCKERELL) (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)
Authors: Rae D. J.
Published: April 2007

Body width, body length and number of antennal segments allow good discrimination between teneral individuals of the instars of S. sacchari.
DESCRIPTION OF THECONSTRICTASPECIES‐GROUP OF THE GENUSCHALCOLAMPRABLANCHARD (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CHRYSOMELINAE)
Authors: Reid C. A. M.
Published: April 2007

Theconstrictaspecies‐group in the genusChalcolampraBlanchard is defined. The group comprisesC. constricta(Erichson),C. fulvomontissp.n.,C. multinodasp.n.,C. pustulataBaly,C. rufinodaLea andC. walgalusp.n., all of which are described. Lectotypes are designated forC. constrictaandC. pustulata.The species‐group is confined to south‐eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: James David G.
Published: April 2007

Biological control and integrated crop protection: towards environmentally safer agriculture. J. C. van Lenteren, A. K. Minks and O. M. B. de Ponti (Eds).
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT, LONGEVITY AND FECUNDITY OFNALA LIVIDIPES(DUFOUR) (DERMAPTERA: LABIDURIDAE)
Authors: Simpson G. B.
Published: April 2007

The influence of temperature on the development and survival of Nala lividipes was determined for eggs at constant temperatures, and for nymphs at constant and fluctuating temperatures. Adult longevity and fecundity were also assessed at constant temperatures. Eggs failed to hatch at 15 and 18°C. Survival was low at 20, 32.5 and 35 °C, but was relatively constant, at a mean of 64.3%, for temperatures between 22 and 30°C. Survival of nymphs was maximal at 29 °C. Linear models adequately described the development rates of eggs and nymphs reared at the constant temperatures. The nymph model was an unsuitable descriptor of development of nymphs under fluctuating temperatures, and a new linear model was required. The sex ratio at any temperature did not differ significantly from 1:1. Oviposition did not occur at 20 °C; it increased to a maximum at 30.5 °C before declining. There were insignificant differences in longevity between males and mated or virgin females. Longevity was inversely related to temperature. Population increases are possible between 22 and 32.5°C, with a doubling time of 1.9 weeks at 30°C.
Influence of Temperature on Copula Duration and Mating Propensity in Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: COOK DAVID F.
Published: April 2007

There was a logarithmic decline in copula duration with increasing temperature in adult L. cuprina. Copula duration varied from 26 min at 17°C to 7 min at 41°C. Temperature had no effect on the time from pairing to the first mating attempt. the frequency of mating attempts by males increased with rising temperatures between 15–30°C, but declined at >30°C. the time from pairing to the start of mating was quickest at 25 °C, declining with increasing temperatures. the optimal temperature for mating was between 25–30 °C, when frequency of mating attempts and the proportion of flies mating were highest, whilst time from pairing to both the first mating attempt and the start of mating were lowest. the temperature threshold for mating was around 16°C.
A Pump System for Collecting Mosquito Larvae from Shallow Ground Pools (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: WELLS P. J. , CLOONAN M. J. , RUSSELL R. C.
Published: April 2007

Using a simple pump and sieve arrangement, large numbers of mosquito larvae were collected from ground pool habitats in a brackish marsh. In excess of 12,000 Aedes vigilax (Skuse) larvae were collected in a 36‐h period using this method.
Mosquito Collections and a Virus Isolation from Lake Nuga Nuga, Central Queensland (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: FANNING I. D. , KAY B. H.
Published: April 2007

During April‐June 1977 mosquito collections were made at Lake Nuga Nuga, south of Rolleston. A total of 37 male and 533 female mosquitoes were collected using human bait or as resting adults. 99% were either Anopheles annulipes s.l. or Aedes vittiger. the female mosquitoes were processed for virus isolation and Parkers Farm virus was isolated from a pool of Ae vittiger.
Two New Insects from Portulaca oleracea L. in Australia
Authors: McFADYEN RACHEL E. CRUTTWELL
Published: April 2007

The portulaca leaf‐mining weevil Hypurus bertrandi (Perris) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), previously known only from Europe, California and Hawaii, is reported from eastern Australia and possibly the Philippines. A stem‐boring fly Liriomyza caulophaga (Kleinschmidt) is also reported from portulaca in eastern Australia.
Evidence for an Alarm Pheromone in Ropalidia romandi (Le Guillou) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: KOJIMA J.
Published: April 2007

In an Australian swarm‐founding polistine, Ropalidia romandi, exposure of squashed venom sacs of workers outside the nest reduced the threshold for attack. This treatment induced recruitment of several workers to the outer surface of the envelope, while a physical stimulus given to the nest caused a sudden emergence of a large number of workers from the nest. Visual cues induced attack; black objects were preferentially attacked by the wasps while white ones were rarely attacked.
Selective Soil Organic Matter Consumption by Larvae of Adoryphorus couloni (Burmeister) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Mcquillan P. B. , WEBB W. R.
Published: April 2007

Analysis of the gut contents of third‐instar larvae of the redheaded pasture cockchafer Adoryphorus couloni indicates that they feed preferentially on organic matter in soil under perennial ryegrass pastures, rather than simply consuming the bulk soil indiscriminantly. Larvae sequester carbonaceous material at 2–4 times its concentration in the external soil environment. This was confirmed by confining larvae in artificial soils with various proportions of organic matter, with the degree of assimilation depending on the size of the food particles. Better management of the organic matter in the root zone of pastures may hold a key to the management of this pest.
Foregut Morphology of Locusta migratoria (L.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: HOCHULI D. F. , ROBERTS B. , SANSON G. D.
Published: April 2007

The role of the foregut of adult Locusta migratoria in feeding was evaluated using light and scanning electron microscopy. the intima of the foregut possesses many spines, different regions of the foregut bearing spines with different morphologies. Crop and proventricular spines with multiple prongs were observed. Wear was observed on spines from month‐old locusts, revealing that considerable mechanical interaction with plant material occurs within the gut. Morphological evidence does not support a grinding or crushing function for the spines of the foregut. the foregut spines are most likely used to regulate the passage of food through the foregut.
Development and Survival of Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera: Culicidae) in Relation to Temperature and Salinity
Authors: MOTTRAM P. , Kay B. H. , Fanning I. D.
Published: April 2007

The effect of water temperature and salinity on the development and survival of immature Culex sitiens were studied in the laboratory and at Pimpama Weir, 60 km S Brisbane. the optimum temperature for Cx sitiens survival and development was 30 °C, the threshold for development was 11.94 ± 1.5 °C, and the thermal constant of 188.68 ± 13.33 degree‐days. Survival of the immatures was highest at a salinity of 6–8 ppK and lowest at 20 ppK. Although the newly hatched Cx sitiens were killed at 25 ppK the older stages could tolerate higher concentrations if the increase was gradual. In the field, a high daily increase of salinity combined with fluctuating water temperatures, contributed to very low survival of the immatures. As a result, it is suggested that chemical control of breeding sites is unnecessary if the salinity is 20 ppK or over.
Three New Species of Hypoaspis Canestrini (Acarina: Laelapidae) Associated with Large Australian Cockroaches
Authors: STRONG K. L. , HALLIDAY R. B.
Published: April 2007

Hypoaspis blattae sp.n., H. ruggi sp.n., and H. rosei sp.n. are described from Australia. They are associated with large burrowing cockroaches (Blaberidae). H. blattae is associated with many different species of hosts, while H. ruggi is associated only with Macropanesthia rhinoceros Saussure. H. rosei is associated with Geoscapheus dilatatus Saussure and possibly G. robustus Tepper.
Behavioural Responses of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to Olfactory Stimuli: Evaluation of an Olfactometer
Authors: URECH R. , GREEN P. E. , FRANKE F. , MULDER J. C. , ROBERTS C.
Published: April 2007

Evaluation of a choice‐type olfactometer for the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, is described. Responses of L. cuprina in the olfactometer, on a given day, were reproducible, and suitable for reliably testing attractants. However, the response of the sheep blowflies to liver odour varied significantly between days and between chambers of the olfactometer. No response differences were detected between virgin and gravid, nor between male and female flies. Short CO2 immobilisation of the flies (5 min or less) did not change their response to odours in the olfactometer.
A New Genus and Four New Species of Mutillidae Associated withBrachyponera luteaMayr (Formicidae) in Western Australia (Hymenoptera)
Authors: BROTHERS DENIS J.
Published: April 2007

Ponerotillagen.n. is described for four species of Mutillidae from Western Australia,P. incarinatasp.n.,P. lissantyxsp.n.,P. clarkisp.n. andP. lamelligerasp.n., all known from females only. the first three species have all been collected in the vicinity of Perth, in nests of or in association withBrachyponera luteaMayr. Peculiar features of the morphology indicate a hypogaeic habit.
Overwintering of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales
Authors: BISHOP A. L. , McKENZIE H. J.
Published: April 2007

In a study of the overwintering ability of Culicoides spp, at the southern limits of the distribution of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer, it was found that C. brevitarsis numbers declined linearly with temperature during winter but were independent of rainfall. Regression equations were used to calculate lower thresholds for C. brevitarsis activity/presence. These thresholds were similar for three different collection methods. Results obtained from light trap data for four other Culicoides spp showed that their relationship with temperature allowed their recovery after winter. Under suitable conditions, oviposition by C. brevitarsis continued into winter and immature stages survived for 1 to 2 months (mainly as pupae/pre‐pupae) in cattle dung, its breeding habitat. Survival of C. brevitarsis was affected by the time spent at temperatures below the estimated thresholds. Reinfestations from coastal regions further north could be responsible for the reappearance of C. brevitarsis in years when they fail to survive in the central coastal region of NSW. Conversely, the other Culicoides spp. recorded appeared capable of maintaining viable populations.
Book Review
Authors: JAMES DAVID G.
Published: April 2007

Natural Enemies of Vegetable Insect Pests. Michael P. Hoffmann and Anne C. Frodsham
A Comparison of Proteases Produced by Larvae of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann), L. sericata (Meigen), Calliphora augur (F.) and C. stygia (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: CONSTABLE S. A.
Published: April 2007

Proteases produced by larvae of four blowfly species (Lucilia cuprina, L. sericata, Calliphora augur and C. stygia were compared using isoelectric focusing gels and zymogram overlays. For each of the substrates, little or no variation in zymogram pattern occurred between preparations from the same blowfly species. Interspecific differences were found: the protease patterns produced by the two Lucilia species were closer than those of the two calliphorids. A number of proteases common to all four species were identified.
Boongurrus rivulus, a New Genus and Species of Water Beetle (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Bidessini) from Northern Queensland, Australia
Authors: LARSON D. J.
Published: April 2007

Boongurrus rivulus gen. et sp.n. is described from tropical Queensland. Boongurrus is related to Liodessus Guignot, but is characterised by elongate shape, dense punctation and short apical segment of the paramere. B. rivulus is a predacious water beetle occurring in sand and gravel in headwater streams and springs in open eucalypt woodlands.
Revision of Vitellus Stål and Avicenna Distant in Australia (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: GROSS G. F. , McDONALD F. J. D.
Published: April 2007

Four known species of Vitellus and one of Avicenna have been redescribed. the following new synonyms are proposed: V. taurus Distant 1910 =V. antemna Breddin 1900; V. bovillus Distant 1910 =V. forficuloides Walker 1867; Morna cucospila Walker 1867 and Cuspicona splendidula Distant 1910 =Cimex aggressor F. 1775 and Cuspicona recurvicornis Breddin 1900 =C. auricornis Walker 1867. the latter has been moved to Avicenna as has Morna aggressor. Two new species are described, V. simpsoni and V. warreni. A key to species is given.
Dimorphic Minor Soldiers in Schedorhinotermes breinli (Hill) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: MILLER L. R.
Published: April 2007

A series of Schedorhinotermes breinli from the Kimberley region in Western Australia contained minor soldiers of two forms. the size and morphology of the large form suggest that it is derived from a larval stage close to the size of the smallest workers.
Efficacy of Insecticides against Stethopachys formosa Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Pest of Orchids in Eastern Australia
Authors: GOUGH N. , MONTGOMERY B. L.
Published: April 2007

Experiments were carried out to determine the efficacy of insecticides for control of the orchid beetle Stethopachys formosa Baly on the orange crucifix orchid Epidendrum×obrienianum as plant host. Bendiocarb 0.4 g L−1, carbaryl 1.0 g L−1, methidathion 0.5 g L−1, and methiocarb 1.5 g L−1, were the most effective spray treatments, rapidly killing adults, Dimethoate 0.3 g L−1 and maldison 0.5 g L−1 were less effective, whilst diazinon 1.32 g L−1, fluvalinate 0.96 g L−1, pyrethrum 0.78 g L−1 and trichlorfon 1.25 g L−1 were ineffective. Bendiocarb, carbaryl, diazinon, fluvalinate and methidathion applied to eggs all prevented maturation of larvae. Carbaryl 1 g L−1 effectively controlled field infestations.
Behavioural ecology of tropical cave cockroaches: preliminary field studies with evolutionary implications
Authors: WEINSTEIN PHILIP
Published: April 2007

Tropical troglobites are unlikely to have evolved from troglophiles isolated by climatic extremes, because the latter were not subjected to the severe temperatures that their temperate counterparts endured during the Pleistocene. If pre‐adapted forms enter tropical caves directly and undergo adaptive shifts, it is possible that they do so in search of a moist substrate. the present study is the first field test of this hypothesis. the preference of the tropical troglophile Paratemnopteryx sp. (Blattodea: Blattellidae) for moist leaves compared with dry leaves was studied in a tropical cave. the relative attractiveness of leaves in leaf litter traps was compared at a range of different relative humidities in the cave. the relative attractiveness of wet leaves was found to increase as the cave atmosphere became progressively drier towards the cave entrance. I suggest that some tropical troglophiles seek the wet leaf litter available in caves, and that they may remain in deep caves which provide this resource without climatic isolation events keeping them there. This finding lends empirical support to the idea that many species from the great variety of tropical organisms invade caves, resulting in what has recently been shown to be a tropical cave fauna relatively rich in troglobites.
Acalolepta vastator (Newman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Infesting Grapevines in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales 1. Distribution and Dispersion
Authors: GOODWIN S. , PETTIT M. A. , SPOHR L. J.
Published: April 2007

An outbreak of fig longicorn, Acalolepta vastator, currently causing economic damage to grapevines in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales is reviewed. Annual surveys showed populations infesting up to 70% of vines in some vineyards with mean annual percentage of vines infested within the outbreak ranging from 35.6–46.4% between 1988–1990. In 1991 the population fell to 7.7% of vines infested and further declined to 5.8% in 1992. We postulate that a newly introduced control strategy was the main contributing factor. Dispersion of A. vastator occurred up to 150 m in a single year by flight and by walking, with the latter the preferred option as a means of dispersal in this habitat. Dispersal was along vine rows rather than randomly, in the vineyards. A. vastator showed no preference for particular vine varieties or site aspect, although significantly greater numbers were recorded in steeply sloped sites than in level sites.
A New Species of Urabunana Distant and New Locality Records for U. marshalli Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Northern New South Wales
Authors: COOMBS M.
Published: April 2007

Urabunana wollomombii sp.n. from northern New South Wales is described and figured. New records are provided for U. marshalli from the Armidale region, extending the known distribution of this species eastward to montane localities.