bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing health outcomes for Māori elders through an intergenerational cultural exchange and physical activity programme: a cross-sectional baseline study
Authors: Oetzel John G. , Zhang Yingsha , Nock Sophie , Meha Pare , Huriwaka Huia , Vercoe Maramena , Tahu Tania , Urlich Joanne , Warbrick Rachel , Brown George , Keown Shirley , Rewi Poia , Erueti Bevan , Warbrick Isaac , Jackson Anne-Marie , Perry Tracy , Reddy Rangimahora , Simpson Mary Louisa , Cameron Michael P. , Hokowhitu Brendan
Published: December 2023

Background

The study offers baseline data for a strengths-based approach emphasizing intergenerational cultural knowledge exchange and physical activity developed through a partnership with kaumātua (Māori elders) and kaumātua service providers. The study aims to identify the baseline characteristics, along with correlates of five key outcomes.

Methods

The study design is a cross-sectional survey. A total of 75 kaumātua from six providers completed two physical functioning tests and a survey that included dependent variables based in a holistic model of health: health-related quality of life (HRQOL), self-rated health, spirituality, life satisfaction, and loneliness.

Results

The findings indicate that there was good reliability and moderate scores on most variables. Specific correlates included the following: (a) HRQOL: emotional support (β = 0.31), and frequent interaction with a co-participant (β = 0.25); (b) self-rated health: frequency of moderate exercise (β = 0.32) and sense of purpose (β = 0.27); (c) spirituality: sense of purpose (β = 0.46), not needing additional help with daily tasks (β = 0.28), and level of confidence with cultural practices (β = 0.20); (d) life satisfaction: sense of purpose (β = 0.57), frequency of interaction with a co-participant (β = −0.30), emotional support (β = 0.25), and quality of relationship with a co-participant (β = 0.16); and (e) lower loneliness: emotional support (β = 0.27), enjoyment interacting with a co-participant (β = 0.25), sense of purpose (β = 0.24), not needing additional help with daily tasks (β = 0.28), and frequency of moderate exercise (β = 0.18).

Conclusion

This study provides the baseline scores and correlates of important social and health outcomes for the He Huarahi Tautoko (Avenue of Support) programme, a strengths-based approach for enhancing cultural connection and physical activity.
A case study about the forest fire occurred on 05 July 2021 over Khenchela province, Algeria, using space-borne remote sensing
Authors: Guehaz Riad , Sivakumar Venkataraman
Published: December 2023

In this study, space-borne remote sensing (Landsat-8, MODIS) was employed to evaluate the effects of forest fires occurring on 05 July 2021, over Khenchela province, Algeria. Our objective is to understand the severity of damage caused by the fire and its implications for vegetation and land cover. Utilizing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from MODIS data and Landsat-8 imagery, we report changes in vegetation health and land cover. To identify areas affected by forest fires and evaluate the severity of damage, the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) were calculated. Analysis showed that −1825.11 ha (1.21%) of the total area experienced severe burns, 3843.54 ha (2.54%) moderate to high severity burns, 3927.97 ha (2.59%) moderate to low severity burns and 9864.45 ha (6.51%) low severity burns. The area covered by vegetation decreased from 2014 to 2021, indicating a negative trend in vegetation cover over the study period.
The social and psychological effects of publicly violating a social norm: a field experiment in the Satmar Jewish community
Authors: Malovicki-Yaffe Nechumi , Khan Sana Adnan , Paluck Elizabeth Levy
Published: December 2023

How are ordinary people affected by the experience of stepping out against conventions that are central to their community? We conducted a field experiment in New York City to study Satmar Hasidic women's personal reactions to deviating from their community's high-end clothing norm by wearing an inexpensive plain dress (treatment) vs. carrying a prayer book (normative placebo) for one day. We find that women's experience of deviation from their community norm of high-end dressing was strongly uncomfortable, but was not internalized as new attitudes or self-perceptions. Instead, we find that the experience with deviance mostly affected women's perceptions of their community, in terms of their closeness to the community and to some of its central tenets, and the community norm of high end dressing. In this setting, the experience of individual deviation seems to change perceptions of the context—its norms and our relationship to our community—over perceptions of the self and of deviant action. The results of this study help to map out a theory of community and social change that accounts for individuals' anticipation of deviance and social experiences alone, together, and over time that affect their decisions about whether to participate in change.
Innovative Behavior in Startups: An Empirical Study
Authors: Leal Marisa , Leal Carmem , Silva Rui
Published: December 2023

Considering the SECI model, which emphasizes a modern conception of knowledge management, the main objective of this study is to understand how the socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization (SECI) dimensions can influence innovative behavior within organizations. The quantitative method was adopted, carrying out a descriptive-correlational study in which 247 individuals participated. For data collection, a questionnaire was used. Their analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results show that of the four dimensions of the SECI model, only three have a positive influence on innovative behavior: externalization, combination, and internalization. This study highlights the importance that the SECI model has in understanding knowledge generated by companies/organizations, in particular, startups. It is possible to state that this model is extremely important to understand innovative behavior in startups, but also issues related to entrepreneurship, thus rendering this study into a guiding reference for companies.
Effects of Selenium Dietary Yeast on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Selenium Deposition in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Liu Jinmei , Wang Zheng , Li Chong , Chen Zhimin , Zheng Aijuan , Chang Wenhuan , Liu Guohua , Cai Huiyi
Published: December 2023

Selenium (Se) yeast, a bioavailable form of selenium, exhibits enhanced bioavailability due to its unique organic matrix and superior metabolic availability compared to the inorganic selenium sources. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Se yeast on the growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity, and Se deposition in broiler chickens. A total of 264 1-day-old male AA broilers (38.7 ± 0.1 g) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with six replicates of 11 chickens per replicate. The broilers were fed a basal diet or a diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg Se yeast. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Although the results showed that Se yeast did not significantly improve the growth performance of broilers, it did significantly decrease the abdominal fat ratio. Additionally, supplementation of Se yeast significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of broilers. The quadratic regression models were used to simulate the relationship between Se content in the feed and Se deposition in broiler tissues. The regression equations were as follows: pectoral muscle, Y = 2.628X − 0.340X2 − 0.592 (R2 = 0.927); leg muscle, Y = 2.317X − 0.272X2 − 0.490 (R2 = 0.937); liver, Y = 3.357X − 0.453X2 − 0.493 (R2 = 0.961); kidney, Y = 4.084X − 0.649X2 + 0.792 (R2 = 0.932). Based on these findings, the Se deposition in broiler tissues can be predicted by the Se content of the additive, which is of great significance for the precise production of Se-enriched functional chicken products.
Hierarchical CaMn2O4/C Network Framework toward Aqueous Zn Ion Hybrid Capacitors as Competitive Cathodes
Authors: Ding Lifen , Gao Qingchao , Yuan Changzhou
Published: December 2023

Manganese-based materials have received more attention as cathodes for aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors (AZIHCs) due to their advantages such as abundant reserves, low cost, and large theoretical capacity. However, manganese-based materials have the disadvantage of poor electrical conductivity. Herein, a solid-phase method was used to synthesize a hierarchical carbon-coated calcium manganate (CaMn2O4/C) network framework as the cathode for AZIHCs. Thanks to the unique structural/componential merits including conductive carbon coating and hierarchical porous architecture, the achieved CaMn2O4/C cathode shows an exceptionally long life of close to 5000 cycles at 2.0 A g−1, with a reversible specific capacity of 195.6 mAh g−1. The assembled CaMn2O4/C-based AZIHCs also display excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention rate of 84.9% after 8000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1, and an energy density of 21.3 Wh kg−1 at an output power density of 180.0 W kg−1.
Biomechanical and Biological Assessment of Polyglycelrolsebacate-Coupled Implant with Shape Memory Effect for Treating Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Park Suzy , Lee Su-Jeong , Park Kwang-Min , Jung Tae-Gon
Published: December 2023

Poly(glycerol sebacate) is a biocompatible elastomer that has gained increasing attention as a potential biomaterial for tissue engineering applications. In particular, PGS is capable of providing shape memory effects and allows for a free form, which can remember the original shape and obtain a temporary shape under melting point and then can recover its original shape at body temperature. Because these properties can easily produce customized shapes, PGS is being coupled with implants to offer improved fixation and maintenance of implants for fractures of osteoporosis bone. Herein, this study fabricated the OP implant with a PGS membrane and investigated the potential of this coupling. Material properties were characterized and compared with various PGS membranes to assess features such as control of curing temperature, curing time, and washing time. Based on the ISO 10993-5 standard, in vitro cell culture studies with C2C12 cells confirmed that the OP implant coupled with PGS membrane showed biocompatibility and biomechanical experiments indicated significantly increased pullout strength and maintenance. It is believed that this multifunctional OP implant will be useful for bone tissue engineering applications.
Vibro-Acoustic Platelet Activation: An Additive Mechanism of Prothrombosis with Applicability to Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Palomares Daniel E. , Tran Phat L. , Jerman Catherine , Momayez Moe , Deymier Pierre , Sheriff Jawaad , Bluestein Danny , Parthasarathy Sairam , Slepian Marvin J.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and loud snoring are conditions with increased cardiovascular risk and notably an association with stroke. Central in stroke are thrombosis and thromboembolism, all related to and initiaing with platelet activation. Platelet activation in OSA has been felt to be driven by biochemical and inflammatory means, including intermittent catecholamine exposure and transient hypoxia. We hypothesized that snore-associated acoustic vibration (SAAV) is an activator of platelets that synergizes with catecholamines and hypoxia to further amplify platelet activation. Methods: Gel-filtered human platelets were exposed to snoring utilizing a designed vibro-acoustic exposure device, varying the time and intensity of exposure and frequency content. Platelet activation was assessed via thrombin generation using the Platelet Activity State assay and scanning electron microscopy. Comparative activation induced by epinephrine and hypoxia were assessed individually as well as additively with SAAV, as well as the inhibitory effect of aspirin. Results: We demonstrate that snore-associated acoustic vibration is an independent activator of platelets, which is dependent upon the dose of exposure, i.e., intensity x time. In snoring, acoustic vibrations associated with low-frequency sound content (200 Hz) are more activating than those associated with high frequencies (900 Hz) (53.05% vs. 22.08%, p = 0.001). Furthermore, SAAV is additive to both catecholamines and hypoxia-mediated activation, inducing synergistic activation. Finally, aspirin, a known inhibitor of platelet activation, has no significant effect in limiting SAAV platelet activation. Conclusion: Snore-associated acoustic vibration is a mechanical means of platelet activation, which may drive prothrombosis and thrombotic risk clinically observed in loud snoring and OSA.
Towards Optimizing Sub-Normothermic Machine Perfusion in Fasciocutaneous Flaps: A Large Animal Study
Authors: Berkane Yanis , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Goudot Guillaume , Shamlou Austin , Filz von Reiterdank Irina , Goutard Marion , Tawa Pierre , Girard Paul , Bertheuil Nicolas , Uygun Basak E. , Randolph Mark A. , Duisit Jérôme , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Uygun Korkut
Published: December 2023

Machine perfusion has developed rapidly since its first use in solid organ transplantation. Likewise, reconstructive surgery has kept pace, and ex vivo perfusion appears as a new trend in vascularized composite allotransplants preservation. In autologous reconstruction, fasciocutaneous flaps are now the gold standard due to their low morbidity (muscle sparing) and favorable functional and cosmetic results. However, failures still occasionally arise due to difficulties encountered with the vessels during free flap transfer. The development of machine perfusion procedures would make it possible to temporarily substitute or even avoid microsurgical anastomoses in certain complex cases. We performed oxygenated acellular sub-normothermic perfusions of fasciocutaneous flaps for 24 and 48 h in a porcine model and compared continuous and intermittent perfusion regimens. The monitored metrics included vascular resistance, edema, arteriovenous oxygen gas differentials, and metabolic parameters. A final histological assessment was performed. Porcine flaps which underwent successful oxygenated perfusion showed minimal or no signs of cell necrosis at the end of the perfusion. Intermittent perfusion allowed overall better results to be obtained at 24 h and extended perfusion duration. This work provides a strong foundation for further research and could lead to new and reliable reconstructive techniques.
Early Effects of Alpha-Synuclein Depletion by Pan-Neuronal Inactivation of Encoding Gene on Electroencephalogram Coherence between Different Brain Regions in Mice
Authors: Vorobyov Vasily , Deev Alexander , Morozova Olga , Oganesyan Zoya , Krayushkina Anastasia , Ivanova Tamara , Chaprov Kirill
Published: December 2023

Inactivation of the Snca gene in young mice by chronic injections of tamoxifen (TAM), a selective estrogen receptor modifier, has been shown to decrease the level of alpha-synuclein, a key peptide in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. In young mice, different time courses of the effect were observed in different brain areas, meaning associated disturbances in the intracerebral relations, namely in brain function after TAM-induced synucleinopathy. Methods: We analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence (“functional connectivity”) between the cortex (MC), putamen (Pt), and dopamine-producing brain regions (ventral tegmental area, VTA, and substantia nigra, SN) in two groups of two-month-old male mice. We compared EEG coherences in the conditional knockout Sncaflox/flox mice with those in their genetic background (C57Bl6J) one, two, and three months after chronic (for five days) intraperitoneal injections of TAM or the vehicle (corn oil). The EEG coherences in the TAM-treated group were compared with those in the alpha-synuclein knockout mice. Results: A significant suppression of EEG coherence in the TAM-treated mice versus the vehicle group was observed in all inter-structural relations, with the exception of MC-VTA at one and three months and VTA-SN at two months after the injections. Suppressive changes in EEG coherence were observed in the alpha-synuclein knockout mice as well; the changes were similar to those in TAM-treated mice three months after treatment. Conclusion: our data demonstrate a combined time-dependent suppressive effect induced by TAM on intracerebral EEG coherence.
AST-001 Improves Social Deficits and Restores Dopamine Neuron Activity in a Mouse Model of Autism
Authors: Um Ki Bum , Kwak Soyoung , Cheon Sun-Ha , Kim JuHyun , Hwang Su-Kyeong
Published: December 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behavior, and interests. The core symptoms of ASD are associated with deficits in mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathways that project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). AST-001 is an investigational product currently in a phase 3 clinical trial for treating the core symptoms of ASD, with L-serine as the API (active pharmaceutical ingredient). Because the causes of ASD are extremely heterogeneous, a single genetic ASD model cannot represent all autism models. In this paper, we used the VPA-exposed model, which is more general and widely used than a single genetic model, but this is also one of the animal models of autism. Herein, we conducted experiments to demonstrate the efficacy of AST-001 as L-Serine that alters the regulation of the firing rate in dopamine neurons by inhibiting small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK channels). Through these actions, AST-001 improved sociability and social novelty by rescuing the intrinsic excitabilities of dopamine neurons in VPA-exposed ASD mouse models that showed ASD-related behavioral abnormalities. It is thought that this effect of improving social deficits in VPA-exposed ASD mouse models is due to AST-001 normalizing aberrant SK channel activities that slowed VTA dopamine neuron firing. Overall, these findings suggest that AST-001 may be a potential therapeutic agent for ASD patients, and that its mechanism of action may involve the regulation of dopamine neuron activity and the improvement of social interaction.
Methylation Analysis of Urinary Sample in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Carcinoma: Frequency and Management of Invalid Result
Authors: Pierconti Francesco , Rossi E. D. , Fiorentino V. , Bakacs A. , Carlino A. , Navarra E. , Sacco E. , Totaro A. , Palermo G. , Larocca L. M. , Martini M.
Published: December 2023

Background: Numerous studies showed that methylation analysis represents a newly developed urinary marker based on DNA methylation changes in a panel of genomic biomarkers and it could represent a valid tool in terms of the diagnosis and prediction of high-grade urothelial carcinoma recurrences. One of the limits of the use of this new molecular method during a follow-up is represented by the number of invalid tests in routine practice. Method: A total of 782 patients with a diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive high-grade carcinoma (NMIBC) was studied. The Bladder EpiCheck test (BE) was performed together with cytology in all cases within 1 year after the end of treatment. In 402 patients, the urinary samples were voided urine (UV), while, in 380 cases, the samples were collected after bladder washing (IU). For all the patients with invalid BE results, a second BE test was performed following the instructions for use that indicated the test should be repeated with a new urinary sample in the case of an invalid result. Results: Analyzing the two different groups (UV and IU), we found the invalid BE results seemed to be not related to urinary samples (p = 0.13 Fisher’s exact test), suggesting that the collection method was not relevant in order to reduce the number of invalid tests. Conclusions: In the follow-up for NMIBC, for patients for whom a BE test is planned, a combined approach of cytology and a methylation test is recommended in order to repeat the BE test with an invalid result only in those cases with a cytological diagnosis of atypical urothelial cells (AUC) suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC) and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC).
Prolonged Zaleplon Treatment Increases the Expression of Proteins Involved in GABAergic and Glutamatergic Signaling in the Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Martinovic Jelena , Samardzic Janko , Zaric Kontic Marina , Ivkovic Sanja , Dacic Sanja , Major Tamara , Radosavljevic Milica , Svob Strac Dubravka
Published: December 2023

Zaleplon is a positive allosteric modulator of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor approved for the short-term treatment of insomnia. Previous publications on zaleplon have not addressed the proteins involved in its mechanism of action but have mostly referred to behavioral or pharmacological studies. Since both GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling have been shown to regulate wakefulness and sleep, we examined the effects of prolonged zaleplon treatment (0.625 mg/kg for 5 days) on these systems in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the upregulated components of GABAergic signaling (glutamate decarboxylase, vesicular GABA transporter, GABA, and α1 subunit of the GABAA receptor) were accompanied by increased protein levels in the glutamatergic system (vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunits of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor). Our results, showing that zaleplon enhances GABA neurotransmission in the hippocampus, were not surprising. However, we found that treatment also increased glutamatergic signaling. This could be the result of the downregulation of adenosine A1 receptors, important modulators of the glutamatergic system. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of the zaleplon-induced increase in hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission and the possible involvement of the adenosine system in zaleplon’s mechanism of action.
Drug Responses in Plexiform Neurofibroma Type I (PNF1) Cell Lines Using High-Throughput Data and Combined Effectiveness and Potency
Authors: Zamora Paul O. , Altay Gabriel , Santamaria Ulisses , Dwarshuis Nathan , Donthi Hari , Moon Chang In , Bakalar Dana , Zamora Matthew
Published: December 2023

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder characterized by heterozygous germline NF1 gene mutations that predispose patients to developing plexiform neurofibromas, which are benign but often disfiguring tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath induced by loss of heterozygosity at the NF1 locus. These can progress to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). There are no approved drug treatments for adults with NF1-related inoperable plexiform neurofibromas, and only one drug (selumetinib), which is an FDA-approved targeted therapy for the treatment of symptomatic pediatric plexiform neurofibromas, highlighting the need for additional drug screening and development. In high-throughput screening, the effectiveness of drugs against cell lines is often assessed by measuring in vitro potency (AC50) or the area under the curve (AUC). However, the variability of dose–response curves across drugs and cell lines and the frequency of partial effectiveness suggest that these measures alone fail to provide a full picture of overall efficacy. Methods: Using concentration–response data, we combined response effectiveness (EFF) and potency (AC50) into (a) a score characterizing the effect of a compound on a single cell line, S = log[EFF/AC50], and (b) a relative score, ΔS, characterizing the relative difference between a reference (e.g., non-tumor) and test (tumor) cell line. ΔS was applied to data from high-throughput screening (HTS) of a drug panel tested on NF1−/− tumor cells, using immortalized non-tumor NF1+/− cells as a reference. Results: We identified drugs with sensitivity, targeting expected pathways, such as MAPK-ERK and PI3K-AKT, as well as serotonin-related targets, among others. The ΔS technique used here, in tandem with a supplemental ΔS web tool, simplifies HTS analysis and may provide a springboard for further investigations into drug response in NF1-related cancers. The tool may also prove useful for drug development in a variety of other cancers.
Me, Myself, and I: Neural Activity for Self versus Other across Development
Authors: Zanchi Paola , Ledoux Jean-Baptiste , Fornari Eleonora , Denervaud Solange
Published: December 2023

Although adults and children differ in self-vs.-other perception, a developmental perspective on this discriminative ability at the brain level is missing. This study examined neural activation for self-vs.-other in a sample of 39 participants spanning four different age groups, from 4-year-olds to adults. Self-related stimuli elicited higher neural activity within two brain regions related to self-referential thinking, empathy, and social cognition processes. Second, stimuli related to ‘others’ (i.e., unknown peer) elicited activation within nine additional brain regions. These regions are associated with multisensory processing, somatosensory skills, language, complex visual stimuli, self-awareness, empathy, theory of mind, and social recognition. Overall, activation maps were gradually increasing with age. However, patterns of activity were non-linear within the medial cingulate cortex for ‘self’ stimuli and within the left middle temporal gyrus for ‘other’ stimuli in 7–10-year-old participants. In both cases, there were no self-vs.-other differences. It suggests a critical period where the perception of self and others are similarly processed. Furthermore, 11–19-year-old participants showed no differences between others and self within the left inferior orbital gyrus, suggesting less distinction between self and others in social learning. Understanding the neural bases of self-vs.-other discrimination during development can offer valuable insights into how social contexts can influence learning processes during development, such as when to introduce peer-to-peer teaching or group learning.
A 4-Year-Old Boy with an Accidentally Detected Mutation in the RET Proto-Oncogene and Mutation in the Gene Encoding the Ryanodine Receptor1 (RyR1)—Case Report
Authors: Mierzwa Magdalena , Blaska Małgorzata , Hamm Marek , Czarniecka Agnieszka , Krajewska Jolanta , Taczanowska-Niemczuk Anna , Zachurzok Agnieszka
Published: December 2023

Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B (MEN2B) is a rare syndrome with prevalence estimated at approximately 0.2 per 100,000; it is caused by mutation of the RET proto-oncogene. MEN2B is characterized by early-onset medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), ganglioneuromatosis of the aerodigestive tract, marfanoid habitus, ophthalmologic abnormalities, and pheochromocytoma in adulthood. Mutations in the RyR1 gene manifest clinically in congenital myopathies and/or malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. We present a case of a 4-year-old boy with an accidentally detected RET and RyR1 mutations in the course of diagnostic approach of short stature and delayed motor development. Due to a poor and blurred clinical picture of MEN2B syndrome, accompanied by RyR1 mutation symptoms, the diagnostic path was extended. Our patient had no family history of MTC. In the imaging studies of the thyroid gland, no abnormalities were found, whereas the serum level of calcitonin was elevated to 34 pg/mL (N < 5.0). The patient qualified for total thyroidectomy, and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of MTC. The postoperative serum calcitonin level dropped to normal ranges. This case shows how new genetic diagnostic procedures could be crucial in accidentally diagnosing rare endocrine disease with atypical symptoms, giving an opportunity for relatively early intervention.
Self-Assembly and Conformational Change in the Oligomeric Structure of the Ectodomain of the TBEV E Protein Studied via X-ray, Small-Angle X-ray Scattering, and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Konarev Petr V. , Vlaskina Anna V. , Korzhenevskiy Dmitry , Rakitina Tatiana V. , Petrenko Dmitry , Agapova Yulia , Kordonskaya Yulia , Samygina Valeriya R.
Published: December 2023

The determination of the three-dimensional structures of viral proteins is a necessary step both for understanding the mechanisms of virus pathogenicity and for developing methods to combat viral infections. This study aimed to explore the folding and oligomeric state of the major component of the virion surface of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), the ectodomain of the envelope E protein (ectoE), which was expressed in E. coli in a soluble form and purified from inclusion bodies as a mixture of dimeric and monomeric forms. The time-dependent assembly of monomers into dimers was detected using size-exclusion chromatography. An X-ray diffraction study of the ectoE crystals grown at pH 4.5 confirmed the dimeric folding of the recombinant protein typical for ectoE. The ability of ectoE dimers to self-assemble into tetramers was detected via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in combination with molecular dynamics. Such self-assembly occurred at protein concentrations above 4 mg/mL and depended on the pH of the solution. In contrast to stable, specific dimers, we observed that tetramers were stabilized with weak intermolecular contacts and were sensitive to environmental conditions. We discovered the ability of ectoE tetramers to change conformation under crystallization conditions. These results are important for understanding the crystallization process of viral proteins and may be of interest for the development of virus-like particles.
Diversity, Composition and Environmental Relations of Periphytic Rotifer Assemblages in Lentic Freshwater Bodies (Flanders, Lower Belgium)
Authors: Denys Luc , De Smet Willem H.
Published: December 2023

Periphytic rotifer assemblages from lentic habitats are understudied. To improve knowledge on the principal environmental determinants of their structure and composition, we examined summer periphyton from 184 freshwater bodies from a taxonomic and multi-trait-based perspective. Only the latter allowed consideration of all bdelloids. Alpha diversity decreased with electrolyte and aluminium concentration but increased with macrophyte richness, pointing at salinization, metal toxicity and loss of structural niche heterogeneity as potential threats for rotifer diversity. Replacement was the prominent component of beta diversity, with acidified sites showing the highest local contributions. Variation partitioning indicated that local conditions explained variation in species composition best, but general setting (soil type, land cover, connectivity) and spatial context were also not insignificant. Redundancy analysis related species composition more particularly to gradients of pH and trophic status, whereas the representation of functional groups was structured mainly by phytoplankton productivity. Mirroring shifts observed in the plankton, high phytoplankton productivity associated with larger size and more detritibacterivory. Dominance of collectors constrained variation in guild ratios, underlining the need for more refined functional approaches. To aid the use of periphytic rotifers in regional water quality assessment, we identified indicators and community thresholds for pH and trophic variables and determined optima and tolerances for individual taxa.
Liquidity and Business Cycles—With Occasional Disruptions
Authors: Semmler Willi , Rosario Gabriel R. Padró , Koçkesen Levent
Published: December 2023

Some financial disruptions that started in California, U.S., in March 2023, resulting in the closure of several medium-size U.S. banks, shed new light on the role of liquidity in business cycle dynamics. In the normal path of the business cycle, liquidity and output mutually interact. Small shocks generally lead to mean reversion through market forces, as a low degree of liquidity dissipation does not significantly disrupt the economic dynamics. However, larger shocks and greater liquidity dissipation arising from runs on financial institutions and contagion effects can trigger tipping points, financial disruptions, and economic downturns. The latter poses severe challenges for Central Banks, which during normal times, usually maintain a hands-off approach with soft regulation and monitoring, allowing the market to operate. However, in severe times of liquidity dissipation, they must swiftly restore liquidity flows and rebuild trust in stability to avoid further disruptions and meltdowns. In this paper, we present a nonlinear model of the liquidity–macro interaction and econometrically explore those types of dynamic features with data from the U.S. economy. Guided by a theoretical model, we use nonlinear econometric methods of a Smooth Transition Regression type to study those features, which provide and suggest further regulation and monitoring guidelines and institutional enforcement of rules.
Investigating Transfer Motivation Profiles, Their Antecedents and Transfer of Training
Authors: de Jong Bastian , Jansen in de Wal Joost , Cornelissen Frank , Peetsma Thea
Published: December 2023

Despite investments of companies in employee trainings, transfer of training remains low. One component influencing transfer is transfer motivation. Recent insights have shown that different components of transfer motivation possibly independently influence transfer of training. It is therefore possible that transfer motivation profiles can be distinguished. However, it is unclear whether such motivational profiles exist. In this study, we investigated motivational profiles, how these profiles differ in antecedents influencing transfer motivation and how these profiles differ in transfer intention and transfer of training. This study does so by using the unified model of task-specific motivation (UMTM). Data were collected among 1317 participants who filled in a questionnaire representing the UMTM components directly after the training and indicated transfer after six weeks. Outcomes showed that four transfer motivation profiles could be distinguished, labeled: ‘very optimistic’, ‘moderately optimistic’, ‘personal value’ and ‘conscious’. Moreover, profiles scoring higher on motivational components scored higher on antecedents of transfer motivation, transfer intention and transfer of training. These outcomes suggest that trainings and work circumstances need to be tailored differently toward different trainees to raise their transfer motivation and transfer of training.
High-Accuracy Simulation of Rayleigh Waves Using Fractional Viscoelastic Wave Equation
Authors: Wang Yinfeng , Lu Jilong , Shi Ying , Wang Ning , Han Liguo
Published: December 2023

The propagation of Rayleigh waves is usually accompanied by dispersion, which becomes more complex with inherent attenuation. The accurate simulation of Rayleigh waves in attenuation media is crucial for understanding wave mechanisms, layer thickness identification, and parameter inversion. Although the vacuum formalism or stress image method (SIM) combined with the generalized standard linear solid (GSLS) is widely used to implement the numerical simulation of Rayleigh waves in attenuation media, this type of method still has its limitations. First, the GSLS model cannot split the velocity dispersion and amplitude attenuation term, thus limiting its application in the Q-compensated reverse time migration/full waveform inversion. In addition, GSLS-model-based wave equation is usually numerically solved using staggered-grid finite-difference (SGFD) method, which may result in the numerical dispersion due to the harsh stability condition and poses complexity and computational burden. To overcome these issues, we propose a high-accuracy Rayleigh-waves simulation scheme that involves the integration of the fractional viscoelastic wave equation and vacuum formalism. The proposed scheme not only decouples the amplitude attenuation and velocity dispersion but also significantly suppresses the numerical dispersion of Rayleigh waves under the same grid sizes. We first use a homogeneous elastic model to demonstrate the accuracy in comparison with the analytical solutions, and the correctness for a viscoelastic half-space model is verified by comparing the phase velocities with the dispersive images generated by the phase shift transformation. We then simulate several two-dimensional synthetic models to analyze the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method uses twice as many spatial step sizes and takes 0.6 times that of the GSLS method (solved by the SGFD method) when achieved at 95% accuracy.
Evaluating the Efficacy of a Thermoresponsive Hydrogel for Delivering Anti-Collagen Antibodies to Reduce Posttraumatic Scarring in Orthopedic Tissues
Authors: Steplewski Andrzej , Fertala Jolanta , Cheng Lan , Wang Mark L. , Rivlin Michael , Beredjiklian Pedro , Fertala Andrzej
Published: December 2023

Excessive posttraumatic scarring in orthopedic tissues, such as joint capsules, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and peripheral nerves, presents a significant medical problem, resulting in pain, restricted joint mobility, and impaired musculoskeletal function. Current treatments for excessive scarring are often ineffective and require the surgical removal of fibrotic tissue, which can aggravate the problem. The primary component of orthopedic scars is collagen I-rich fibrils. Our research team has developed a monoclonal anti-collagen antibody (ACA) that alleviates posttraumatic scarring by inhibiting collagen fibril formation. We previously established the safety and efficacy of ACA in a rabbit-based arthrofibrosis model. In this study, we evaluate the utility of a well-characterized thermoresponsive hydrogel (THG) as a delivery vehicle for ACA to injury sites. Crucial components of the hydrogel included N-isopropylacrylamide, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and hyaluronic acid. Our investigation focused on in vitro ACA release kinetics, stability, and activity. Additionally, we examined the antigen-binding characteristics of ACA post-release from the THG in an in vivo context. Our preliminary findings suggest that the THG construct exhibits promise as a delivery platform for antibody-based therapeutics to reduce excessive scarring in orthopedic tissues.
Hyperspectral Facies Analysis as a Lithological Interpretation Tool for Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Rogers Russell , Pracht Markus
Published: December 2023

In a pilot study, hyperspectral image analysis was applied to four boreholes from the North Midlands Block in Ireland. The selected holes are extremely well characterised lithologically and have a detailed micropalaeontology accurately constraining stratigraphic positions. Hyperspectral facies were defined using features extracted from the hyperspectral data and compared with existing litho- and biostratigraphic logs and samples. These were able to distinguish changes in the lithologies of the cores and were useful for defining unbiased lithological contacts and for regional correlations.
Adolescent Toothbrushing and Its Association with Sociodemographic Factors—Time Trends from 1994 to 2018 in Twenty Countries
Authors: Zaborskis Apolinaras , Kavaliauskienė Aistė , Levi Sharon , Tesler Riki , Dimitrova Elitsa
Published: December 2023

Regular toothbrushing is the primary self-care method to prevent the most common dental diseases and is considered an important public health indicator. This retrospective observational study aimed to examine cross-national time trends in adolescent toothbrushing behaviour and its association with sociodemographic factors between 1994 and 2018. We studied data from 20 countries that conducted seven surveys of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 years responded to questions on their toothbrushing frequency, family affluence and structure. Altogether, reports of 691,559 students were analysed using descriptive statistics and binominal logistic regression. The findings showed an overall positive trend in the prevalence of more-than-once-a-day toothbrushing frequency during the entire study period mainly due to a noticeable increase from 1994 to 2010 (except Denmark and Sweden); this trend continued significantly thereafter in 12 of 20 countries. Across all countries, girls and adolescents from more affluent families were more likely to brush their teeth regularly. These relationships remained unchanged throughout the study period, whereas the age-related difference in toothbrushing prevalence decreased noticeably, and the negative relationship between toothbrushing and living in a non-intact family became evident. While the prevalence of regular toothbrushing among adolescents has increased in recent decades, it is still far behind the recommended level of twice-daily brushing for everyone across all countries. The promotion of toothbrushing needs to start at an early age, with a special focus on boys and adolescents from low-affluence and non-intact families.
Correction: Abraham et al. Epidemiology and Long-Term Outcomes in Thoracic Transplantation. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2023, 10, 397
Authors: Abraham Abey , Singh Manila , Abraham Matthew , Ahuja Sanchit
Published: December 2023

In the published work [...]
Drosophila as a Model to Understand Second Heart Field Development
Authors: Bileckyj Cayleen , Blotz Brenna , Cripps Richard M.
Published: December 2023

The genetic model system Drosophila has contributed fundamentally to our understanding of mammalian heart specification, development, and congenital heart disease. The relatively simple Drosophila heart is a linear muscular tube that is specified and develops in the embryo and persists throughout the life of the animal. It functions at all stages to circulate hemolymph within the open circulatory system of the body. During Drosophila metamorphosis, the cardiac tube is remodeled, and a new layer of muscle fibers spreads over the ventral surface of the heart to form the ventral longitudinal muscles. The formation of these fibers depends critically upon genes known to be necessary for mammalian second heart field (SHF) formation. Here, we review the prior contributions of the Drosophila system to the understanding of heart development and disease, discuss the importance of the SHF to mammalian heart development and disease, and then discuss how the ventral longitudinal adult cardiac muscles can serve as a novel model for understanding SHF development and disease.
A Formation Control and Obstacle Avoidance Method for Multiple Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Authors: Liu Guanqun , Wen Naifeng , Long Feifei , Zhang Rubo
Published: December 2023

This study introduces a method for formation control and obstacle avoidance for multiple unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) by combining an artificial potential field with the virtual structure method. The approach involves a leader–follower formation structure, where the leader autonomously avoids collisions using an artificial potential field based on the target’s position as a reference. It also determines the ideal position of each follower in the formation based on its own position, heading angle, and the formation structure. To effectively avoid obstacles and maintain formation, the follower selects the position of the target or its ideal position as a reference during movement, depending on whether it is being repelled by obstacles. Additionally, this paper modifies the attractive force model of the traditional artificial potential field method to restrict the maximum magnitude of the attractive force when encountering repulsive forces, thus expediting departure from obstacle areas. The dynamic characteristics of USVs are taken into account by constraining the maximum linear speed and angular speed. Formation stability is ensured by maintaining a constant speed for the leader, while the linear speed of the follower varies based on the distance to the reference object during movement. Simulation experiments demonstrated that this method can effectively avoid obstacles and maintain formation.
Private Placement of China-Listed Real Estate Firms: A Conceptual Idea
Authors: Ning Yuping , Jalil Rohaya Binti Abdul
Published: December 2023

This article conducts a review of the literature on private placement and analyzes the risks facing China’s real estate companies. It argues that, within the framework of China’s hybrid economic model, private placement can serve as a market-oriented financing mechanism and risk mitigation strategy beyond the traditional banking system. The article focuses on the characteristics of private placement, prevalent hypotheses, and influencing factors. It also traces the evolution of financialization in the global real estate industry, outlines the development model of China’s real estate sector, and discusses the challenges and risks it encounters. Private placement offers various advantages, including reducing corporate leverage, strengthening working capital, and addressing information asymmetry issues. However, existing research in this field is still insufficient. Therefore, future research can provide a more robust theoretical foundation and guidance for policymakers, investors, and businesses.
Adaptation of Gap Predictions in Filler-Gap Dependency Processing during Reading
Authors: Atkinson Emily , Omaki Akira
Published: December 2023

Syntactic adaptation effects have been demonstrated for an expanding list of structure types, but the mechanism underlying this effect is still being explored. In the current work on filler-gap dependency processing, we examined whether exposing participants to a less common gap location—prepositional object (PO) gaps—altered their gap predictions, and whether these effects would transfer across tasks when this input was presented in a quasi-naturalistic way (i.e., by reading stories). In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that comprehenders dampened their direct object (DO) gap predictions following exposure to PO gaps. However, Experiments 2A and 2B suggest that these adaptation effects did not transfer when the quasi-naturalistic exposure phase was presented as a separate task (Experiment 2A) and when they also needed to generalize from a syntactic to a semantic measure of direct object gap predictions (i.e., filled gap vs. plausibility mismatch sentences; Experiment 2B). Overall, these experiments add filler-gap dependency processing, as well as the gap predictions associated with it, to the growing list of structures demonstrating adaptation effects, while also suggesting that this effect may be specific to a singular experimental task environment.
Mathematical Investigation of 1D Discontinuity Waves in Dilute Granular Gases
Authors: Barbera Elvira , Pollino Annamaria
Published: December 2023

The propagation of acceleration waves in dilute granular gases was investigated. Acceleration waves propagating in elastic gases, mixtures, and other materials are widely studied in the literature, but not in granular gases. A thirteen-moment theory for granular gas was considered in the framework of Grad’s theory. The spatially homogeneous solutions were determined, and the hyperbolicity of the model is discussed. The propagation of acceleration waves in a non-constant state was investigated; the amplitude of the fastest mode was derived, and the critical time was evaluated. The acceleration wave propagation velocity in inelastic gases was shown to be lower than in elastic gases.