bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lung function in school‐aged congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients; a longitudinal evaluation
Authors: Toussaint‐Duyster Leontien C. C. , van der Cammen‐van Zijp Monique H. M. , Spoel Marjolein , Tiddens Harm A. W. M. , Tibboel Dick , Wijnen Rene M. H. , van Rosmalen Joost , IJsselstijn Hanneke
Published: June 2019

Objective

Children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are at risk for pulmonary morbidity. Data on longitudinal evaluation of lung function in CDH are scarce. We hypothesized that CDH patients would have impaired lung function that worsens over time. We evaluated lung function and its determinants at ages 8 and 12 years.

Methods

Dynamic and static lung volumes, and diffusion capacity were measured. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment, the standardized European neonatal treatment protocol, patch repair, duration of ventilation, type of initial mechanical ventilation, and nitric oxide treatment were entered as covariates in linear mixed models with standard deviation score (SDS) lung function parameters (FEV1, FEF
25‐75, and K
CO) as dependent variables.

Results

Seventy‐six children (27 ECMO‐treated) born between 1999 and 2009 performed 113 reliable lung function tests. Severity of airflow obstruction deteriorated significantly from age 8 to 12 years: estimated mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) SDS FEV1 was −0.57 (−0.79 to −0.36) and SDS FEF25‐75 was −0.63 (−0.89 to −0.37), both P < .001. Static lung volumes were within normal range and unchanged over time: estimated mean difference (95% CI) SDS TLC −0.27 (−0.58 to 0.04); P = .085. SDS KCO was below normal at 8 and 12 years and remained stable: −0.06 (−0.22 to 0.35); P = .648. These observations were irrespective of ECMO treatment. FEV1 and FEF25‐75 were negatively associated with duration of ventilation (P < .001). Baseline data were not related with TLC or KCO.

Conclusions

CDH patients should be followed into adulthood as they are at risk for worsening airflow obstruction and decreased diffusion capacity at school age, irrespective of ECMO treatment.
Near Band‐Edge Optical Excitation Leading to Catastrophic Ionization and Electron–Hole Liquid in Room‐Temperature Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Younts Robert , Bataller Alexander , Ardekani Hossein , Yu Yiling , Cao Linyou , Gundogdu Kenan
Published: June 2019

Atomically thin materials exhibit exotic electronic and optical properties. Strong many‐body interactions from the reduced dielectric environment lead to electronic phases that drastically change conductivity and optical response. For example, these many‐body interactions can give rise to the formation of collective states such as Mott metal–insulator transitions, electron–hole liquids and plasmas, and excitonic condensates, which typically occur at cryogenic temperatures and high excitation densities. Herein, it is demonstrated that in monolayer MoS2 at room temperature, a low‐density (1010 cm−2) excitonic gas is formed with continuous wave (CW) below‐gap optical excitation. A slight increase in the excitation fluence triggers a nanosecond phase transition into a dense electron–hole liquid state with three orders of magnitude higher carrier density. This investigation suggests that while the material is in equilibrium with the CW excitation at the threshold fluence, thermomechanical expansion combined with continuous renormalization of the band gap leads to a sudden increase of optical absorption, which initiates runaway exciton ionization and the formation of a high density electron–hole plasma. Such abrupt changes in the excitation density and carrier population can be the basis of unprecedented applications based on 2D materials.
Neohesperidin suppresses IgE‐mediated anaphylactic reactions and mast cell activation via Lyn‐PLC‐Ca2+ pathway
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Hu Shiling , Ma Pengyu , Che Delu , Liu Rui , Zhang Yongjing , Wang Jue , Li Chaomei , Ding Yuanyuan , Fu Jia , An Hongli , Gao Zijun , Zhang Tao
Published: June 2019

Mast cells play an essential role in IgE‐FcεR1‐mediated allergic diseases. Citrus aurantium is a prolific source of flavonoids with various biological activities, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐tumor efficacies. Neohesperidin is a novel flavonoid isolated from the leaves of C. aurantium. In this study, the anti‐allergic and anti‐inflammatory potentials of neohesperidin were investigated along with its molecular mechanism. The anti‐anaphylactic activity of neohesperidin was evaluated through hind paw extravasation study in mice. Calcium imaging was used to assess intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. The levels of cytokines and chemokines were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Western blotting was used to explore the related molecular signaling pathways. Neohesperidin suppressed IgE‐induced mast cell activations, including degranulation and secretion of cytokines and eicosanoids through inhibiting phosphorylation of Lyn kinase. Neohesperidin inhibited the release of histamine and other proinflammatory cytokines through a mast cell‐dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis animal model. Histological studies demonstrated that neohesperidin substantially inhibited IgE‐induced cellular infiltration and attenuated mast cell activation in skin tissue. In conclusion, our study revealed that neohesperidin could inhibit allergic responses in vivo and in vitro, and the molecule may be regarded as a novel agent for preventing mast cell‐immediate and delayed allergic diseases.
Bayesian adaptive lasso for additive hazard regression with current status data
Authors: Wang Chunjie , Li Qun , Song Xinyuan , Dong Xiaogang
Published: June 2019

Variable selection is a crucial issue in model building and it has received considerable attention in the literature of survival analysis. However, available approaches in this direction have mainly focused on time‐to‐event data with right censoring. Moreover, a majority of existing variable selection procedures for survival models are developed in a frequentist framework. In this article, we consider additive hazards model in the presence of current status data. We propose a Bayesian adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator procedure to conduct a simultaneous variable selection and parameter estimation. Efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are developed to implement posterior sampling and inference. The empirical performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation studies. An application to a study on the risk factors of heart failure disease for type 2 diabetes patients is presented.
Post‐traumatic stress and psychological health following infidelity in unmarried young adults
Authors: Roos Lydia G. , O'Connor Victoria , Canevello Amy , Bennett Jeanette M.
Published: June 2019

Infidelity is often conceptualized as a traumatic event; however, little research has explored this topic empirically, particularly in unmarried adults. We determined the prevalence of infidelity‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among unmarried adults who experienced a partner's infidelity and whether probable infidelity‐related PTSD was associated with additional psychological health outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and anxiety symptoms). We also investigated whether negative post‐traumatic cognitions mediated the associations between infidelity‐related PTSD symptoms and psychological health. This study included 73 adults (M age = 19.42, SE = 0.19 years) who experienced infidelity within a committed nonmarital relationship within the last 5 years. Controlling for gender, race, and exposure to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders Criterion A traumas, 45.2% of our sample reported symptoms suggesting probable infidelity‐related PTSD. Whether used as continuous or categorical predictor, infidelity‐related PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, although results for perceived stress and anxiety symptoms were mixed. Post‐traumatic cognitions acted as a partial mediator for depressive symptoms and full mediator for perceived stress and anxiety symptoms. This empirical evidence suggests that infidelity may produce PTSD symptoms at a relatively high rate, even in unmarried young adults, and may put individuals at risk for poorer psychological health, partially through post‐traumatic cognitions.
Vehicle‐localization‐based and DSRC‐based autonomous vehicle rear‐end collision avoidance concerning measurement uncertainties
Authors: Chen Maolin , Zhan Xingqun , Tu Jiaxun , Liu Ming
Published: June 2019

Rear‐end collision is one of the most serious accidents for vehicles, some rear end collision avoidance systems have been developed to protect vehicles from rear‐end collisions. Current rear‐end collision avoidance systems mainly utilize vehicle‐relative measurement sensors to acquire information on surrounding vehicles, considering limited detection ranges and impaired performance in bad weathers of these vehicle sensors, currently used collision avoidance systems cannot guarantee vehicle safety in all environments. Vehicle‐localization‐based and intervehicle communication‐based rear‐end collision avoidance approaches can be possible solutions to improve vehicle safety compared with present vehicle sensor‐based collision avoidance systems. Dedicated Short‐Range Communication (DSRC) is introduced to transfer information on surrounding vehicles instead of using vehicle‐relative measurement sensors. Vehicle dynamic model and brake system dynamics are used to generate precise vehicle states that would be used in rear‐end collision avoidance. Required safe distance is used as the safety index when using different vehicle‐localization methods with a predefined safety probability of 99.99%. Monte Carlo simulations are executed to evaluate the influence of measurement uncertainties. Simulation results show that vehicle‐localization‐based and DSRC‐based rear‐end collision avoidance methods can guarantee vehicles free from rear‐end collision and expand the service capabilities of velocity compared with the traditional vehicle radar‐based rear‐end collision avoidance method. Evaluation outcomes encourage us to adopt a more precise absolute vehicle‐localization approach in rear‐end collision avoidance, because required safe distance and safe distance margin can be decreased when using a high‐precision vehicle‐localization method compared with standalone GNSS‐based localization. Some further aspects are discussed in this work that need to be tackled with to make vehicle‐localization‐based and intervehicle communication‐based rear‐end collision avoidance systems into practice, including real‐time brake system dynamics acquirement, benefit of DSRC to curve roads, and so on. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental investigation of energy consumption and model identification of reverse osmosis desalination system fed by hybrid renewable energy source under different operating conditions
Authors: Hossam‐Eldin Ahmed , Abed Kamal , Youssef Karim , Kotb Hossam
Published: June 2019

In this article, the specific energy consumption (SEC) and water production cost (Cw) of a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant are investigated experimentally under different working conditions. The plant is fed by a hybrid renewable energy source. The frequency of the high‐pressure pump motor is changed from 35 to 50 Hz using a variable frequency drive. In addition, the feed water temperature and the reject control valve are controlled. This article investigates the effects of SEC, Cw, permeate salt concentration, and plant productivity. The results show that both SEC and Cw are reduced by increasing the frequency up to 45 Hz before rising thereafter. Also, SEC and Cw decrease with increasing feed temperature and reduced reject valve opening. As a result, the optimum values of SEC and Cw are found at 45 Hz and 40 °C with 25% valve opening, representing 4.5  kWh/m3 and 0.55 $/m3, respectively. Then, a model is proposed for the RO plant using the Matlab identification toolbox. The model is validated by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data. Based on the best fit ratio, the model presents good results for verification, which can be used for a process control design. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Korean Housing Market: Its Characteristics and Policy Responses
Authors: Shin Ho Soon , Yi Hyun Chang
Published: June 2019

The Korean housing market has gained strength centering around the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) since 2014, when it started to recover. Against the backdrop of low interest rates, the easing of real estate regulations has pushed up expectations of higher housing prices, which has led to greater demand for housing as an investment. Expectations of housing price rises, coupled with greater incentives for financial institutions to provide home mortgage loans, have caused household debt to grow rapidly. In order to stabilize the housing market in the SMA and contain the rapid household debt buildup, the Korean government has instituted comprehensive and tailored policy responses since the second half of 2017. The government’s sweeping responses cover many different areas, including macroprudential, housing and tax policies. The ranges and intensities of the policies differ by region, by household status (whether it owns houses or has taken out mortgage loans) and by the type of demand (speculative or residential) so as to increase their effectiveness and minimize any negative side effects. Thanks to the government’s policy responses, the rapid buildup of household debt has slowed recently, and the housing market in the SMA is gradually stabilizing.
Exploding House Prices in Urban Housing Markets: Explanations and Policy Solutions for the Netherlands
Authors: Lennartz Christian , Baarsma Barbara , Vrieselaar Nic
Published: June 2019

Strong house price growth is by no means a post-crisis phenomenon but has been at the centre of economic and societal transformations in almost all advanced economies since the 1980s. More recently, however, more expensive and more unaffordable housing has become increasingly concentrated in urban housing markets, suggesting that the underlying causes of house price appreciation have shifted in a different direction. This policy paper illustrates the concrete processes and underlying mechanisms of these developments in the major cities of the Netherlands. Using these findings we then discuss specific housing and planning policies that could make urban housing markets less volatile and more equitable. These policy proposals revolve around three key themes: how to produce more and more affordable housing units; how to better allocate scarce housing resources among residents and across regions; and how to reduce the speculative element in contemporary housing markets.
The Housing Market in Major Dutch Cities
Authors: Nijskens Rob , Lohuis Melanie
Published: June 2019

The Dutch housing market is recovering strongly from the crisis, with considerable regional differences. Major cities such as Amsterdam, The Hague, Utrecht and Rotterdam, are witnessing stronger house price rises than the rest of the Netherlands. Despite signs of overheating in the large urban housing markets, there is no credit-driven bubble in cities as yet. Spiraling house prices in the cities are mainly attributable to scarcity pricing: ongoing migration to the cities is spurring demand for urban housing and supply is failing to keep pace. The result is a shortage of affordable housing, particularly in the non-rent regulated rental sector, putting middle-income earners in a tight spot. Supply in the non-rent regulated sector is growing slowly due to planning restrictions on new-build developments, a lack of planning and construction capacity, and the absence of effective incentives for mainly municipalities. The government should encourage municipalities to increase supply in the non-rent regulated sector, and mortgage interest deductibility should be lowered further to level the playing field between buying and renting.
Some Brief Thoughts on Housing Supply and Policy
Authors: Saiz Albert
Published: June 2019

In this short piece, I make several considerations about the impact of housing supply on housing prices, affordability, and macroeconomic aggregates. I elucidate the key interactions between supply and demand that generate macroeconomic problems and lack of affordability, and emphasize the distinction between short run and long run housing supply. My main conclusions are not new: policymakers should be aware of the Tinbergen rule. We should use multiple tools to address the multiple problems arising from housing markets. By solely focusing on one dimension we may miss big on all objectives. I argue that countercyclical supply-side policies are particularly damaging, and advocate the use of better data-driven mortgage underwriting models that go beyond mark-to-market and try to forecast future equilibrium prices. Finally, I make an argument for a return to ambitious master-planned city building endeavors in our most expensive cities.
Lifshitz scaling, microstate counting from number theory and black hole entropy
Authors: Melnikov Dmitry , Novaes Fábio , Pérez Alfredo , Troncoso Ricardo
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Non-relativistic field theories with anisotropic scale invariance in (1+1)-d are typically characterized by a dispersion relation E ∼ k

z
and dynamical exponent z > 1. The asymptotic growth of the number of states of these theories can be described by an extension of Cardy formula that depends on z. We show that this result can be recovered by counting the partitions of an integer into z-th powers, as proposed by Hardy and Ramanujan a century ago. This gives a novel duality relationship between the characteristic energy of the dispersion relation with the cylinder radius and the ground state energy. For free bosons with Lifshitz scaling, this relationship is shown to be identically fulfilled by virtue of the reflection property of the Riemann ζ-function. The quantum Benjamin-Ono2 (BO2) integrable system, relevant in the AGT correspondence, is also analyzed. As a holographic realization, we provide a special set of boundary conditions for which the reduced phase space of Einstein gravity with a couple of U (1) fields on AdS3 is described by the BO2 equations. This suggests that the phase space can be quantized in terms of quantum BO2 states. Indeed, in the semiclassical limit, the ground state energy of BO2 coincides with the energy of global AdS3, and the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy for BTZ black holes is recovered from the anisotropic extension of Cardy formula.
Do beliefs differ between frequent and infrequent hand-held and hands-free phone users while driving? A Polish study
Authors: Przepiorka Aneta M. , Blachnio Agata P. , Prat Francesc , Sullman Mark J. M.
Published: June 2019

Aim

Although it is currently legal in Poland to use a hands-free mobile phone while driving, research suggests that it is not significantly safer than using a hand-held mobile phone. The present study used the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to examine the relationships that three types of beliefs (behavioural, normative and control beliefs) have with the frequency of drivers’ hands-free and hand-held mobile phone use.

Subjects and methods

The sample comprised 298 Polish drivers (35% females) aged between 18 and 40 years old (mean age: 21.05 years, standard deviation = 2.38).

Results

Two multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were conducted to investigate the differences between the two groups (hand-held and hands-free) of frequent and infrequent mobile phone users, with regard to their behavioural, normative and control beliefs. Significant differences were found in all of the control beliefs for both hand-held and hands-free mobile phone users. Similar normative differences were identified for both hands-free and hand-held mobile phone use, but while three behavioural beliefs differed significantly for hands-free use, no behavioural beliefs were significant for hand-held mobile phone use. Finally, composite measures of the behavioural and control beliefs were predictive of being a frequent hand-held mobile phone user, but none of the three beliefs were predictive of being a frequent hands-free user.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate potential directions for behavioural change aimed at reducing or preventing the use of mobile phones while driving.
The Effects of Pornography on Unethical Behavior in Business
Authors: Mecham Nathan W. , Lewis-Western Melissa F. , Wood David A.
Published: June 2019

Pornography is no longer an activity confined to a small group of individuals or the privacy of one’s home. Rather, it has permeated modern culture, including the work environment. Given the pervasive nature of pornography, we study how viewing pornography affects unethical behavior at work. Using survey data from a sample that approximates a nationally representative sample in terms of demographics, we find a positive correlation between viewing pornography and intended unethical behavior. We then conduct an experiment to provide causal evidence. The experiment confirms the survey—consuming pornography causes individuals to be less ethical. We find that this relationship is mediated by increased moral disengagement from dehumanization of others due to viewing pornography. Combined, our results suggest that choosing to consume pornography causes individuals to behave less ethically. Because unethical employee behavior has been linked to numerous negative organization outcomes including fraud, collusion, and other self-serving behaviors, our results have implications for most societal organizations.
What’s Wrong with Religious Establishment?
Authors: Miller David
Published: June 2019

Is it possible for a liberal society to have an established church? After outlining the conditions for liberal establishment, I take from David Hume a secular argument in its favour that points to the moderating effect of establishment on religious discourse and practice. I examine the claim that state support for religion violates liberal equality, and argue that, with respect to state-provided public goods generally, what matters is that the whole package should be of roughly equal benefit to each citizen; it is not required that every citizen should value each distinct good. I claim that religious establishment can have valuable effects for both believers and non-believers, and thereby count as a public good. I then examine the charge that establishment always conveys a message of disparagement to those outside the favoured church, making them into second-class citizens, as both Martha Nussbaum and Cécile Laborde have claimed. Understood as a claim about the experience of minority groups, however, it is unsupported by empirical evidence. Understood as an interpretative claim about the meaning of establishment, it fails to distinguish between privileging an institution and privileging the people attached to it. Finally, I point out that religious minorities may favour an established church as a shield against the pervasive secularism of most modern liberal societies.
The prevalence of childhood asthma in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alahmadi Turki S. , Banjari Maysaa A. , Alharbi Adel S.
Published: June 2019

Asthma is considered one of the most important health issues worldwide. However, few epidemiological studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess the prevalence of asthma among children, and their results are highly variable. Thus, in this study, we investigated the prevalence of childhood asthma in Saudi Arabia. Previous studies of the prevalence of childhood asthma in Saudi Arabia were reviewed and 12 were included in this review. These studies were conducted at various locations in Saudi Arabia between 1986 and 2017. The prevalence of children asthma in Saudi Arabia varies among different regions throughout the country. The highest prevalence was reported in Alhofuf (33.7%) and the lowest in Abha (9%). However, various surveying methods were used and different age groups were assessed. This review highlights the need to conduct a national-level study using a single validated tool to assess the prevalence of childhood asthma in Saudi Arabia in order to calculate the burden of asthma and determine the targeted allocation of resources and manpower.
A Flexible Multi-Functional Touch Panel for Multi-Dimensional Sensing in Interactive Displays
Authors: Gao Shuo , Nathan Arokia
Published: June 2019

Touch screen panels (TSPs) have become an integral part of modern-day lifestyle. To enhance user experience, attributes such as form-factor flexibility, multi-dimensional sensing, low power consumption and low cost have become highly desirable. This Element addresses the design of multi-functional TSPs with integrated concurrent capture of ubiquitous capacitive touch signals and force information. It compares and contrasts interactive technologies and presents design considerations for multi-dimensional touch screens with high detection sensitivity, accuracy and resolution.
Food at Home and away from Home: Commodity Composition, Nutrition Differences, and Differences in Consumers
Authors: Binkley James K. , Liu Yuhang
Published: June 2019

Food away from home (FAFH) accounts for over 40 percent of food spending. We use NHANES survey data to examine resulting effects on commodity sectors, and find that production/consumption of beef, chicken, potatoes, cheese, and lettuce have increased the most due to FAFH, while fluid milk and all fruits have declined. Such changes have reduced overall nutrition, and nutrition within commodity categories is generally lower in restaurants than at home. FAFH consumers tend to have less healthy home diets than have nonconsumers, suggesting that observed low FAFH nutrition may be partly because restaurant diners select less healthy foods regardless of source.
The Meaning and Usages of Medieval Territory
Authors: Iogna-Prat Dominique
Published: June 2019

Based on Florian Mazel’s bookL’évêque et le territoire. L’invention médiévale de l’espace (ve–xiiiesiècle), this article seeks to revisit the spatial turn that has marked medieval studies in France over the last thirty years. Historians ofdominiumin the feudal period draw on the phenomena ofincastellamentoorinecclesiamentoto suggest a territorial anchoring of populations around the “poles” or “cells” of domination represented by the castle, the church, the cemetery, and the parish. Mazel, however, offers a reflection on another scale. He sees territory as a space for the expression of political sovereignty, with the Church and its establishment of a new form of spatiality—the diocese—preceding the state as an institution realized via a territorial construction. Through its focus on the diocese, this analysis concentrates on a scale which makes sense within a general hierarchical dynamic of ecclesial spatialization, from top to bottom, from local to universal. But it also and above all enables an interrogation of how the territorial practices of the medieval Church made possible the transition to space in the modern, homogeneous and isotropic, sense.
The Church, the City, and Modernity
Authors: Mazel Florian
Published: June 2019

Dominique Iogna-Prat’s latest book, Cité de Dieu, cité des hommes. L’Église et l’architecture de la société, 1200–1500, follows on both intellectually and chronologically from La Maison Dieu. Une histoire monumentale de l’Église au Moyen Âge (v. 800–v. 1200). It presents an essay on the emergence of the town as a symbolic and political figure of society (the “city of man”) between 1200 and 1700, and on the effects of this development on the Church, which had held this function before 1200. This feeds into an ambitious reflection on the origins of modernity, seeking to move beyond the impasse of political philosophy—too quick to ignore the medieval centuries and the Scholastic moment—and to relativize the effacement of the institutional Church from the Renaissance on. In so doing, it rejects the binary opposition between the Church and the state, proposes a new periodization of the “transition to modernity,” and underlines the importance of spatial issues (mainly in terms of representation). This last element inscribes the book in the current of French historiography that for more than a decade has sought to reintroduce the question of space at the heart of social and political history. Iogna-Prat’s stimulating demonstration nevertheless raises some questions, notably relating to the effects of the Protestant Reformation, the increasing power of states, and the process of “secularization.” Above all, it raises the issue of how a logic of the polarization of space was articulated with one of territorialization in the practices of government and the structuring of society—two logics that were promoted by the ecclesial institution even before states themselves.
The Archaeology of Construction: A New Approach to Roman Architecture
Authors: Dessales Hélène
Published: June 2019

Representing a new disciplinary orientation, the archaeology of construction is defined as the study of all material traces furnishing information about the design, the construction, and the organization of a building. It thus offers a way of broadening our approach to Roman architecture, until now considered mainly from the perspective of monumental and decorative typologies. This article aims to set out its various specificities and potential contributions. While the archaeology of construction has clear methodological links with the archaeology of standing structures, notably through the vertical stratigraphy of elevations, it is distinguished by its scale of study, which covers the entirety of the worksite and seeks to restitute its context of production and its dynamics. Seven elements are considered, illustrated by recent archaeological research: the initial project, the preparation of the site, the setting up of infrastructure, the production of materials, their transformation, their implementation in the construction, and finally the finishing and decorative operations. The data collected make it possible to combine an archaeology of technology with socioeconomic history, considering the building process in all its interactions with Roman society as a system of production and trade.
Describing the dynamic translational science landscape through Core Voucher utilization
Authors: Liclican Elvira L. , Filler Scott G. , Kaye Jonathan , Denny Christopher T.
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Core facilities play crucial roles in carrying out the academic research mission by making available to researchers advanced technologies, facilities, or expertise that are unfeasible for most investigators to obtain on their own. To facilitate translational science through support of core services, the University of California, Los Angeles Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UCLA CTSI) created a Core Voucher program. The underlying premise is that by actively promoting interplay between researchers and core facilities, a dynamic feedback loop could be established that could enhance both groups, the productivity of the former and the relevance of the latter. Our primary goal was to give translational investigators what they need to pursue their immediate projects at hand.

Methods:

To implement this system across four noncontiguous campuses, open-source web-accessible software applications were created that were scalable and could efficiently administer investigator submissions and subsequent reviews in a multicampus fashion.

Results:

In the past five years, we have processed over 1400 applications submitted by over 750 individual faculty members across both clinical and nonclinical departments. In total, 1926 core requests were made in conjunction with 1467 submitted proposals. The top 10 most popular cores accounted for 50% of all requests, and the top half of the most popular cores accounted for 90% of all requests.

Conclusion:

Tracking investigator demand provides a unique window into what are the high- and low-priority core services that best support translational research.
Improved mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia with the involvement of antimicrobial stewardship team and infectious disease consultation
Authors: Sherbuk Jacqueline E. , McManus Dayna , Topal Jeffrey E. , Malinis Maricar
Published: June 2019

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the value of the antimicrobial stewardship team (AST) combined with infectious diseases consultation (IDC) on management and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in a tertiary-care academic center. Involvement of AST or IDC was associated with reduced mortality of SAB.
Receptivity of supersonic boundary layers over smooth and wavy surfaces to impinging slow acoustic waves
Authors: Hernández Carlos G. , Wu Xuesong
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we investigate the receptivity of a supersonic boundary layer to impinging acoustic waves. Unlike previous studies of acoustic receptivity, where the sound waves have phase speeds comparable with or larger than the free-stream velocity $U_{\infty }$, the acoustic waves here have much slower ($O(R^{-1/8}U_{\infty })$) phase velocity, and their characteristic wavelength and frequency are of $O(R^{-3/8}L)$ and $O(R^{1/4}U_{\infty }/L)$ respectively, compatible with the triple-deck structure, where $L$ is the distance to the leading edge and $R$ the Reynolds number based on $L$ and $U_{\infty }$. A significant feature of a sound wave on the triple-deck scale is that an $O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}_{s})$ perturbation in the free stream generates much stronger ($O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}_{s}R^{1/8})$) velocity fluctuations in the boundary layer. Two receptivity mechanisms are considered. The first is new, involving the interaction of two such acoustic waves and operating in a boundary layer over a smooth wall. The second involves the interaction between an acoustic wave and the steady perturbation induced by a wavy wall. The sound–sound, or sound–roughness, interactions generate a forcing in resonance with a neutral Tollmien–Schlichting (T–S) wave. The latter is thus excited near the lower branch of the neutral curve, and subsequently undergoes exponential amplification. The excitation through sound–sound interaction may offer a possible explanation for the appearance of instability modes downstream of their neutral locations as was observed in a supersonic boundary layer over a smooth wall. The triple-deck formalism is adopted to describe impingement and reflection of the acoustic waves, and ensuing receptivity, allowing the coupling coefficient to be calculated. The two receptivity processes with the acoustic waves on the triple-deck scale are much more effective compared with those involving usual sound waves, with the coupling coefficient being greater by a factor of $O(R^{1/4})$ and $O(R^{1/8})$ in the sound–sound and sound–roughness interactions, respectively. A parametric study for both the reflection and coupling coefficients is conducted for representative T–S waves, to assess the influence of the streamwise and spanwise wavenumbers, and the phase speed (or frequency) of the acoustic wave.
Work environment and work-to-family conflict: examining the mediating role of heavy work investment
Authors: Babic Audrey , Stinglhamber Florence , Barbier Marie , Hansez Isabelle
Published: June 2019

This research examined the relationships between work environment (i.e., workload and development opportunities), heavy work investment (i.e., work engagement and workaholism) and work-to-family conflict (WFC) over time. A three-wave longitudinal study was conducted among 464 employees from a Belgian public administration. Workload and opportunities for development at Time 1 were found to be respectively negatively and positively associated with work engagement at Time 2, which in turn was negatively associated with WFC at Time 3. Only workload at Time 1 was positively associated with workaholism at Time 2 which, in turn, was positively associated with WFC at Time 3. In the interests of both organizational effectiveness and employees’ well-being, it is important to identify the work-related variables that influence perceptions of WFC. Moreover, in order to manage human resources effectively in companies, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which the work environment influences WFC.
Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon in an Ephemeral Fresh Water Stream in Southern Arizona
Authors: Jull A J Timothy , Burr George S , Leonard Alexander G , Fitzgerald Jamie , Cheng Li , Cruz Richard , Biddulph Dana
Published: June 2019

We report on an initial long-term study of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC) from Sabino Creek, located in Sabino Canyon, Pima County, Arizona. The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in dissolved radiocarbon (14C) with time and to understand the processes contributing to these variations. Our results span the period 2009–2016 and show a mixing trend between dissolved inorganic and organic carbon modern end-members with an older component. This study provides preliminary information for more detailed research on recycling of organic components in this stream system.
London 1600–1800: communities of natural knowledge and artificial practice
Authors: BENNETT JIM , HIGGITT REBEKAH
Published: June 2019

This essay introduces a special issue of the BJHS on communities of natural knowledge and artificial practice in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century London. In seeking to understand the rise of a learned and technical culture within a growing and changing city, our approach has been inclusive in terms of the activities, people and places we consider worth exploring but shaped by a sense of the importance of collective activity, training, storage of information and identity. London's knowledge culture was formed by the public, pragmatic and commercial spaces of the city rather than by the academy or the court. In this introduction, we outline the types of group and institution within our view and acknowledge the many locations that might be explored further. Above all, we introduce a particular vision of London's potential as a city of knowledge and practice, arising from its commercial and mercantile activity and fostered within its range of corporations, institutions and associations. This was recognized and promoted by contemporary authors, including natural and experimental philosophers, practical mathematicians, artisans and others, who sought to establish a place for and recognition of their individual and collective skills and knowledge within the metropolis.
JORDAN BIMODULES OVER THE SUPERALGEBRA M1|1
Authors: MARTÍNEZ CONSUELO , SHESTAKOV IVAN
Published: June 2019

Let F be a field of characteristic different of 2 and let M1|1(F)(+) denote the Jordan superalgebra of 2 × 2 matrices over the field F. The aim of this paper is to classify irreducible (unital and one-sided) Jordan bimodules over the Jordan superalgebra M1|1(F)(+).
Effectiveness of a Robot-Mediated Strategy While Counteracting Multidirectional Slippages
Authors: Aprigliano F. , Monaco V. , Tropea P. , Martelli D. , Vitiello N. , Micera S.
Published: June 2019

This study investigates the effectiveness of a robot-mediated strategy aimed at promoting balance recovery after multidirectional slippages. Six older adults were asked to manage anteroposterior and mediolateral slippages while donning an active pelvis orthosis (APO). The APO was set up either to assist volunteers during balance loss or to be transparent. The margin of stability, in sagittal and frontal planes, was the main metric to assess the effectiveness of balance recovery. Results showed that the assistive strategy is effective at promoting balance recovery in the sagittal plane, for both perturbing paradigms; however, it is not effective at controlling stability in the frontal plane.
Computational fluid dynamics simulations as a complementary study for transcatheter endovascular stent implantation for re-coarctation of the aorta associated with minimal pressure drop: an aneurysmal ductal ampulla with aortic isthmus narrowing
Authors: Guillot Martin , Ascuitto Robert , Ross-Ascuitto Nancy , Mallula Kiran , Siwik Ernest
Published: June 2019

Background:

Transcatheter stent implantation has been employed to treat re-coarctation of the aorta in adolescents and young adults. The aim of this work is to use computational fluid dynamics to characterise haemodynamics associated with re-coarctation involving an aneurysmal ductal ampulla and aortic isthmus narrowing, which created minimal pressure drop, and to incorporate computational fluid dynamics’s findings into decision-making concerning catheter-directed treatment.

Methods:

Computational fluid dynamics permits numerically solving the Navier–Stokes equations governing pulsatile flow in the aorta, based on patient-specific data. We determined flow-velocity fields, wall shear stresses, oscillatory shear indices, and particle stream traces, which cannot be ascertained from catheterisation data or magnetic resonance imaging.

Results:

Computational fluid dynamics showed that, as flow entered the isthmus, it separated from the aortic wall, and created vortices leading to re-circulating low-velocity flow that induced low and multidirectional wall shear stress, which could sustain platelet-mediated thrombus formation in the ampulla. In contrast, as flow exited the isthmus, it created a jet leading to high-velocity flow that induced high and unidirectional wall shear stress, which could eventually undermine the wall of the descending aorta.

We used computational fluid dynamics to study re-coarctation involving an aneurysmal ductal ampulla and aortic isthmus narrowing. Despite minimal pressure drop, computational fluid dynamics identified flow patterns that would place the patient at risk for: thromboembolic events, rupture of the ampulla, and impaired descending aortic wall integrity. Thus, catheter-directed stenting was undertaken and proved successful. Computational fluid dynamics yielded important information, not only about the case presented, but about the complementary role it can serve in the management of patients with complex aortic arch obstruction.
Gaskell's Food Plots and the Biopolitics of the Industrial Novel
Authors: Lee Michael Parrish
Published: June 2019

This essay uses Elizabeth Gaskell's industrial novelsMary Barton(1848) andNorth and South(1955) to chart an intersection between biopolitics, food studies, and questions of novelistic form. First, the essay develops the argument that with the emergence of population as a key cultural concern, the Victorian novel became a biopolitical form structured by an interplay between the marriage plot and what I call the “food plot.” Following Thomas Malthus's uneasy connections between reproduction and the food supply, the nineteenth-century British novel was animated by a biopolitical tension between sexuality and appetite that took the shape of an uneven relationship between the dominant marriage plot and the subordinate food plot. However, the essay goes on to argue that Gaskell's industrial fiction reworks this dynamic to expose its limits and elisions. Through its commitment to representing working-class hunger, Gaskell's industrial fiction reshapes the relationship between the food plot and the marriage plot, giving appetite a central place in Victorian narrative but also drawing attention to the problematic ways in which marriage plots push appetite to the margins. My main test case is Gaskell's first novel,Mary Barton, which deploys in order to scrutinize and finally destabilize the novelistic framework that subordinates appetite to sexuality.
Reforming “Petty Politics!”: George Eliot and the Politicization of the Local State
Authors: Martel Michael
Published: June 2019

Situating George Eliot within mid-Victorian debates over central versus local government, this article contests the widespread presupposition that Eliot rejected official politics in favor of cultural mediation. Specifically, I argue that inMiddlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life(1871–72), Eliot seeks to kindle a desire for local political institutions and to promote, in J. S. Mill's words, “the capacities moral, intellectual, and active required for working” them. Using the representative protocols of the local press, Eliot portrays Middlemarch's public health institutions as both opaque and transparent. While the public health work of Tertius Lydgate is essential to the novel's bildung plots and the town's cholera response, it is only represented obliquely through narrative paralipsis. In contrast, Eliot stages local council debates theatrically in scenes whose typography mimics the local press's treatment of council meetings. Eliot then supplements these protocols with the realist novel's networked form, which compels readers to supply characterological depth to the elided labors of Lydgate and the dramatic representations of council meetings. In thus depicting local representative government, Eliot prompts a desire for local political institutions and trains her readers in the cognitive skills needed to participate within them.
From Unconscious Inference to the Beholder’s Share: Predictive Perception and Human Experience
Authors: Seth Anil K.
Published: June 2019

Science and art have long recognized that perceptual experience depends on the involvement of the experiencer. In art history, this idea is captured by Ernst Gombrich’s ‘beholder’s share’. In neuroscience, it traces to Helmholtz’s concept of ‘perception as inference’, which is enjoying renewed prominence in the guise of ‘prediction error minimization’ (PEM) or the ‘Bayesian brain’. The shared idea is that our perceptual experience – whether of the world, of ourselves, or of an artwork – depends on the active ‘top-down’ interpretation of sensory input. Perception becomes a generative act, in which perceptual, cognitive, affective, and sociocultural expectations conspire to shape the brain’s ‘best guess’ of the causes of sensory signals. In this article, I explore the parallels between the Bayesian brain and the beholders’ share, illustrated, somewhat informally, with examples from Impressionist, Expressionist, and Cubist art. By connecting phenomenological insights from these traditions with the cognitive neuroscience of predictive perception, I outline a reciprocal relationship in which art reveals phenomenological targets for neurocognitive accounts of subjectivity, while the concepts of predictive perception may in turn help make mechanistic sense of the beholder’s share. This is not standard neuroaesthetics – the attempt to discover the brain basis of aesthetic experience – nor is it any kind of neuro-fangled ‘theory of art’. It is instead an examination of one way in which art and brain science can be equal partners in revealing deep truths about human experience.
The effect of retirement taxation rules on the value of guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefits
Authors: Ulm Eric R.
Published: June 2019

We examine the value of guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit (GLWB) options embedded in variable annuities in two different tax regimes. The New Zealand (NZ) system taxes investment income when it is earned, whereas the system in the United States defers taxes on annuity investment income until it is paid out. We examine the effects of these tax differences on the charges collected by the issuer as well as on the value of the contract to the policyholder. We find that the issuer’s charges are typically lower (higher) in the NZ tax regime when the expected fund earnings are low (high) or the fund volatility is high (low). On the other hand, the value to the policyholder is always lower in the NZ tax regime due to the earlier tax payments.We also find that the value of the GLWB in the NZ tax regime is nearly always below the value of an ordinary payout annuity with the same tax rules.