bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulating Virtual Land Sales in Indonesia's Metaverse
Authors: Safitri Baiq Riska Anggi , Arba Arba , Wagian Diangsa
Published: March 2024

This study explores the legal challenges and implications of virtual land sales through the metaverse in the context of Indonesia's digital era 5.0, focusing on consumer protection and the prevention of digital crimes. The primary aim is to analyze the legal framework governing these transactions and assess their conformity with the principles of valid contracts under Indonesian civil law. Employing a normative research methodology, the study evaluates existing regulations and legal literature to understand the current legal landscape. The findings reveal a lack of specific legislation in Indonesia regarding virtual land transactions in the metaverse, categorizing them under general electronic transactions governed by the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Despite this, these transactions generally meet the legal requirements of a valid contract in Indonesian civil law, such as mutual consent, competency, a specific object, and a lawful cause. However, the study underscores the need for specific regulations to provide legal clarity and enhanced protection for parties involved in virtual land sales, considering the unique and virtual nature of the transaction objects. The research concludes with a call for international collaboration to contribute to the development of a balanced and contemporary global legal framework for metaverse transactions. Highlights: Absence of Specific Legislation: Current Indonesian laws do not specifically address virtual land sales in the metaverse, creating legal ambiguity. Electronic Transaction Classification: Virtual land sales are generally governed by Indonesia's Electronic Information and Transactions Law, aligning them with other electronic transactions. Need for Enhanced Legal Protection: Given the unique nature of virtual transactions, there is a significant need for specific regulations to ensure legal clarity and protect the rights of parties involved. Keywords: Metaverse, Virtual Land Sales, Indonesian Law, Electronic Transactions, Legal Framework
Decriminalization and Technology Integration in Juvenile Justice
Authors: Akbar Rizki , Widiarto Aan Eko
Published: March 2024

This normative juridical research, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches, aims to explore future policy models for the legal protection of children within the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. Acknowledging various challenges in the current system, the study emphasizes the necessity of reforming policies to ensure legal certainty and justice for minors in conflict with the law. The proposed model advocates for a 'pure decriminalization' approach, which involves removing the punishable nature of certain criminal elements committed by juvenile legal subjects. This model is complemented by a protection policy that underscores preventative measures to decrease the involvement of children in the criminal justice system. A significant emphasis is placed on integrating technology into the system to enhance efficiency and security, thereby safeguarding children's rights more effectively. Additionally, the research highlights the need for increased inter-agency and cross-sectoral cooperation within the legal structure (police, prosecutors, and courts) to create a more coordinated and holistic approach in addressing juvenile justice issues. The findings suggest that these strategic efforts can contribute significantly to the improvement of procedural law applications for children, ensuring their human rights are not violated in future legal encounters.Highlights:

Pure Decriminalization Model: Emphasizes removing the punitive aspects for certain juvenile offenses, focusing on rehabilitation over punishment.

Technological Advancements: Integration of technology in the juvenile justice system to enhance efficiency, security, and protection of children's rights.

Enhanced Inter-agency Collaboration: Advocates for improved cooperation between legal entities for a holistic and coordinated approach to juvenile justice issues.

Keywords: Juvenile Justice, Decriminalization, Legal Protection, Technology Integration, Inter-agency Cooperation
Pancasila Legal System: Balancing The Fulfillment Of National Moral Values And Law Enforcement In Indonesia
Authors: Esfandiari Fitria , Widianto Aan Eko
Published: March 2024

This normative research delves into the Pancasila legal system in Indonesia, evaluating its impact on the nation's moral values and the enforcement of law. Pancasila, embodying the core principles of Indonesian society, encompasses values such as divinity, humanity, unity, democracy, and justice. Despite its significance, the study argues that the Pancasila legal system has yet to manifest substantially in the fabric of national life. The research, employing literature review methodology, positions Pancasila as a philosophy guiding law enforcement, urging a reevaluation of legal systems rooted in the wisdom of societal values. The imperative lies in bridging the gap between legal certainty and substantive justice, fostering a legal framework that resonates with the cultural richness of Indonesian society. This research advocates for a critical examination of the legal system, rooted in indigenous wisdom, to better align it with the aspirations of the nation and its people.

Highlights:

Cultural Foundations: The research critically examines the Pancasila legal system, emphasizing its role as a crystallization of Indonesia's cultural values, including divinity, humanity, unity, democracy, and justice.

Guiding Philosophy: Pancasila is positioned as a guiding philosophy for law enforcement, highlighting its potential to shape the ethical foundation and moral compass of legal practitioners in Indonesia.

Call for Reevaluation: The study advocates for a reevaluation of the legal system, urging a return to indigenous wisdom and cultural values to bridge the gap between legal certainty and substantive justice in Indonesian society.

Keywords: Pancasila, Legal System, Moral Values, Law Enforcement, Indonesia
Effect of Operating Costs, Sales Volume, Working Capital and Assets Turnover on Net Profit
Authors: Fais Ainun , Dian Imelda
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of operating expenses on net income, sales volume on net income, working capital on net income, asset turnover on net income and operating costs, sales volume, working capital and asset turnover simultaneously affecting the net income of food companies and beverages listed on the IDX for the 2014-2016 period. This research is a type of quantitative research, with the number of samples used, namely 10 food and beverage companies listed on the Stock Exchange for the 2014-2016 period. The analytical tool used is the analysis of multiple linear regression tests, coefficient of determination (R2), t test, F test and classic assumption test using SPSS version 20 for windows. The results of the study show that; 1) operational costs have a significant effect on net income, 2) sales volume has a significant effect on net income, 3) working capital has a significant effect on net income, 4) asset turnover has a significant effect on net income, and operating costs, sales volume, capital work and asset turnover have a significant effect on the net income of the company and beverages on the IDX for the period 2014-2016.
Effect of Managerial Ownership Structure, Leverage, and Firm Size on Accounting Conservatism
Authors: Febrianto Albiansa , Nurasik Nurasik
Published: March 2024

This research was conducted to analyze the effect of Managerial Ownership with Accounting Conservatism at Mining companies listed on BEI period 2014-2016; analyze the effect of Leverage with Accounting Conservatism on Mining companies listed on the IDX for the periode2014-2016; as well as analyzing the effect of Company Size with Accounting Conservatism on Mining companies listed on BEI period 2014-2016; This research is a type of quantitative research, with the overall population of mining companies listed on the Stock Exchange in the 2014-2016 period with a total of 39 companies. Determination of the sample was done by  purposive sampling method and obtained sample of 18 companies. The analytical tool used is classical assumption analysis, multiple linear regression coefficient, determination coefficient, t test and F test using SPSS version 20 for windows. The result of the research shows that managerial ownership variables significantly influence accounting conservatism variables in mining companies listed in BEI period 2014-2016; leverage variables significantly influence the variables of accounting conservatism in mining companies listed on the BEI period 2014-2016; and firm size variables significantly influence the variables of accounting conservatism in mining companies listed on the BEI period 2014-2016.
The impact of palliative care via video telemedicine: A prospective study
Authors: Chida Akihiko , Hamamoto Yasuo , Hirata Kenro , Sato Yasunori , So Eiichiro , Kishimoto Shotaro , Noguchi Satoko , Horie Sara , Saito Yuki , Shimozaki Keitaro , Tsugaru Kai , Togasaki Kazuhiro , Kawasaki Kenta , Hayashi Hideyuki , Kanai Takanori
Published: March 2024

Objectives:Palliative care has been shown to be effective for patients with advanced cancer; however, the best approach to this remains undetermined. We hypothesized that a combination of palliative care via video telemedicine and usual outpatient treatment would improve patients’ quality of life (QOL)and ameliorate depression and prognosis.
Methods: Patients with advanced cancer who received best supportive care were enrolled. Patients who could perform videoconferencing were assigned to the telemedicine (TMD) group and those who could not were assigned to the no telemedicine (no TMD; control) group. The primary endpoint was QOL, which was evaluated using the difference in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) scores between baseline and 1-month follow-up. Secondary endpoints included depression, measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, the Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI), overall survival (OS),and patient satisfaction.
Results:Fifty patients were included in this study (25 in each group). FACT-G decreased by 0.21 and 5.96 points in the TMD and no TMD groups, respectively (p = 0.047). The TMD group maintained better QOL. CES-D increased by 0.92 and 3.50 points in the TMD and no TMD groups, respectively (p = 0.26). Median survival time (MST) was 7.82 (3.30–14.59) and 6.37 (2.33–11.04) months in the TMD and no TMD groups.
Conclusion:Video telemedicine is useful in maintaining the QOL of patients with advanced cancer. It is desirable to further evaluate the effectiveness of palliative care using video telemedicine and evaluate its clinical applications.
Effects of social and economic development on CO2 emission in the countries of the Visegrad group
Authors: Suproń Błażej , Łącka Irena , Śmietański Roman
Published: March 2024

This study analyses the impact of socio-economic development, renewable energy consumption, education expenditure and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emissions in the four Visegrad countries of Central Europe between 1991 and 2021. The Autoregressive-Distributed Lag Bound Testing method was used to test the short- and long-term relationships for each of the dependent variables to verify the hypotheses. The results obtained indicate three bidirectional relationships. For the Czech Republic and Slovakia, changes in carbon emissions can affect changes in the Human Development Index (HDI) and vice versa. Bidirectional causality was also established in the case of Poland between energy consumption from renewable sources and carbon dioxide emissions. Changes in carbon dioxide emissions can affect the country's renewable energy consumption and vice versa. For the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, unidirectional causality was established between the variables indicated. The results of the short-term relationships revealed that in the Visegrad countries there may be an increase in carbon dioxide emissions in the short term with an increase in renewable energy production. Long-term relationships between spending on education and reductions in carbon emissions could only be demonstrated for Slovakia. Toda-Yamamoto tests showed unidirectional causality between foreign direct investment and carbon dioxide emissions for the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In contrast, no significant relationship in the long run between carbon dioxide emissions and foreign direct investment was observed for the countries studied. The findings have interesting policy implications for policy makers in the Visegrad countries.
Bioremediation of Oil Pollution in Caspian Waters
Authors: GAHRAMANOVA Konul , MAMMADOVA Parvin , OSMANOVA Sabiya , MAKHMUDOVA Lala , IBRAGIMOVA Tarana , ALMAMMADOVA Aygun
Published: March 2024

Oil and oil products use the most dangerous water transport pollutants. Every year, a large amount of oil is found in the sea and ocean; this oil floats on the surface of the water in the form of an oil film, dissolves in its thickness and settles to the bottom. The methods of biological cleaning of ecosystems from oil spills, based on the collection of the enzymatic activity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing substances, are currently approaching the most effective and environmentally safe methods. Research has been carried out on the selective selection of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms due to water pollution in the outer zone of Baku Bay. The active forms of hydrocarbon oxidation microorganisms utilizing polluting sea waters have been identified. The physical and chemical characteristics of natural oil from this well were determined, as were the physical and chemical characteristics of the oil samples that were supposed to be degraded under the conditions of a model experiment.
Dyadic effects of illness cognition and psychological distress among young and middle-aged couples with colorectal cancer: The mediating role of dyadic coping
Authors: Sun Qian , Wen Yuee , Qin Shuang , Chen Siyao , Lin Yan , Peng Junsheng
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Young and middle-aged colorectal cancer patients, along with their spouses, face heightened vulnerability to psychological distress. The psychological distress of both patients and their partners may be influenced by illness cognition and dyadic coping. To explore the dyadic interplay of illness cognition, dyadic coping, and psychological distress, we aimed to validate dyadic coping as a mediator between illness cognition and psychological distress.
Methods
We conducted our study with 403 pairs of young and middle-aged patients with colorectal cancer and their partners, recruited from two tertiary hospital between May and September 2023. Participants completed questionnaires measuring illness cognition, dyadic coping and psychological distress.
Results
Our results revealed that both patients and spouses exhibited actor effects and partner effects regarding positive illness cognition/helplessness on dyadic coping. However, dyadic coping only had actor effects on psychological distress. Furthermore, we verified that dyadic coping mediates the link between positive illness cognition/helplessness and psychological distress.
Conclusion
These results offer fresh insights into the relationship of illness cognition, dyadic coping, and psychological distress at both individual and dyadic levels. They underscore the importance of promoting positive illness cognition and reducing helplessness in the context of cancer care. Healthcare providers play a crucial role in easing couples' psychological distress through the promotion of positive illness cognition and the reduction of feelings of helplessness.
Poly(benzimidazole)s containing trifluoromethyl substituents and aryl ether linkages for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications
Authors: Chen Ping-Yen , Chiu Tse-Han , Nefo Tariku , Hung Hsiao-Wei , Chen Jyh-Chien
Published: March 2024

A novel tetraamine, 4,4'-oxy-bis[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,6-benzendiamine] (7), was synthesized through a serious of synthetic steps starting from 4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)chlorobenzene (1). Polybenzimidazole CF3-PBI-OO was prepared from 4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid) (OBA) and tetraamine (7) by using Eaton’s reagent as the solvent. Throughout this process, the temperature and the concentration of the polymer solution should be controlled in order to achieve a high molecular weight. CF3-PBI-OO exhibited a high inherent viscosity of 2.1 dL/g, measured in methanesulfonic acid (MSA) with a concentration of 0.2 g/dL at 35 ℃. The oxidative stability of CF3-PBI-OO is not improved by the incorporation of trifluoromethyl groups due to its higher water uptakes resulting from the aryl ether linkages on the polymer backbone. CF3-PBI-OO also required less time (2.7 h) to achieve a saturated PA uptake (271%), when immersed in a 75% phosphorous acid solution at room temperature. CF3-PBI-OO membrane with a PA uptake of 213% demonstrated the optimal combination of properties. The membrane exhibited a high proton conductivity of 115 mS/cm at 160 ℃. The single fuel cell based on CF3-PBI-OO demonstrated a peak power density of 691 mW/cm2 at 160 ℃. It showed superior performance in comparison to m-PBI and OPBIs when subjected to the same test conditions.
An interactive atlas of genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic biomarkers promotes the potential of proteins to predict complex diseases
Authors: Benson Mikael , Smelik Martin , Li Xinxiu , Loscalzo Joseph , Sysoev Oleg , Mahmud Firoj , Aly Dina Mansour , Zhao Yelin
Published: March 2024

Multiomics analyses have identified multiple potential biomarkers of the incidence and prevalence of complex diseases. However, it is not known which type of biomarker is optimal for clinical purposes. Here, we make a systematic comparison of 90 million genetic variants, 1,453 proteins, and 325 metabolites from 500,000 individuals with complex diseases from the UK Biobank. A machine learning pipeline consisting of data cleaning, data imputation, feature selection, and model training using cross-validation and comparison of the results on holdout test sets showed that proteins were most predictive, followed by metabolites, and genetic variants. Only five proteins per disease resulted in median (min-max) areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for incidence of 0.79 (0.65–0.86) and 0.84 (0.70–0.91) for prevalence. In summary, our work suggests the potential of predicting complex diseases based on a limited number of proteins. We provide an interactive atlas (macd.shinyapps.io/ShinyApp/) to find genomic, proteomic, or metabolomic biomarkers for different complex diseases.
Peripheral blood TCRβ repertoire, IL15, IL2 and soluble ligands for NKG2D activating receptor predict efficacy of ICI in lung cancer
Authors: Sesma Andrea , Pardo Julián , Isla Dolores , Gálvez Eva M. , Gascón-Ruiz Marta , Martínez-Lostao Luis , Moratiel Alba , Paño-Pardo J. Ramón , Quílez Elisa , Torres-Ramón Irene , Yubero Alfonso , Zapata-García María , Domingo María Pilar , Esteban Patricia , Lastra Rodrigo , Ramírez-Labrada Ariel , Pamplona Rebeca Sanz
Published: March 2024

The development of immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the therapeutic paradigm of lung cancer (LC), becoming the standard of treatment for previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without actionable mutations. It has allowed the achievement of durable responses and resulted in significant survival benefits. However, not all patients respond, hence molecular biomarkers are needed to help us predict which patients will respond. With this objective, a prospective observational study was designed, including a cohort of 55 patients with NSCLC who received ICIs. We studied whether biomarkers such as TCRβ and specific cytokines involved in the regulation of T cell activity were related to the immunotherapy response. In the survival analysis, it was found that patients with higher TCRβ clonality, lower TCRβ evenness, higher TCRβ Shannon diversity and lower TCRβ convergence, had higher overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). However, no statistically significant association was observed. Regarding cytokines, those patients with higher levels of IL-2 and IL-15 presented statistically significantly shorter OS and PFS, respectively. In fact, in the multivariable analysis, the high IL-15 level increased the risk of death three times. Although the sample size was small and more studies are needed to confirm it, our study reveals promising markers of response to ICIs.
Investigating and Analyzing the Stress Distribution in Flexible Adherend for Peel-Loaded Adhesive Joints
Authors: Al-Sabur Raheem , Khalaf Hassanein I. , Kubit Andrzej , Święch Łukasz
Published: March 2024

In engineering applications, the significance of the adhesive joint geometry lies in its direct consequence on load distribution, stress concentration, and durability of the bonded structure. In this study, two homogenous rectangular bodies were adhesively joined along a 12.5 mm. The focus of this study is to investigate the distribution of normal stresses in an adhesive joint subjected to peel load. The upper body represents the flexible adherent, and the lower body represents the rigid adherent. Six points on the upper body and three points in the adhesive joint were selected to investigate displacement and strain. The obtained results were valuable and showed changes in displacement gradually reduced from the rigid and flexible adherents to the adhesive joint. Notably, the displacement reached zero at the adhesive joint on point 5, meaning the stiffness of the adhesive layer bonding was effective. On the other hand, the study examined the adhesive layer deformation according to the uniformity of displacements across vertically aligned points. The adhesive layer's consistent response to the applied load at various locations confirmed the uniform deformation properties inside. This study's experimental data gave important insight into the deformation of adhesive joints and how stresses are distributed in them.
Analyzing Temporal Variations in Radon Concentrations: Identifying Trends and Changes
Authors: Ichedef Mutlu , Sapmaz İlayda , Taşköprü Caner
Published: March 2024

Radon is a well-known precursor for geodynamic events such as earthquakes and volcanic tremors. Radon concentration variations in soil gas have been monitored worldwide, and extreme radon values have been identified as radon anomalies associated with geodynamic events. A radon time series contains many noise signals, primarily based on meteorological effects. Therefore, detecting anomalies from values outside the mean plus a few standard deviations or from values outside the average distribution threshold may not always yield good results. Instead of analyzing specific radon anomalies, an alternative method can be used to analyze the trend changes in the radon time series. This study examines locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) to identify changes in the trend of the radon time series. During the two-year period of measurements, two separate groups with radon concentration anomalies and anomaly mechanisms were identified. In the first group, radon increases before the earthquake and decreases after the earthquake, while in the second group it shows the opposite behavior.
Activin signaling pathway specialization during embryonic and skeletal muscle development in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Richman Jasmine , Phelps Michael
Published: March 2024

Activin signaling is essential for proper embryonic, skeletal muscle, and reproductive development. Duplication of the pathway in teleost fish has enabled diversification of gene function across the pathway but how gene duplication influences the function of activin signaling in non-mammalian species is poorly understood. Full characterization of activin receptor signaling pathway expression was performed across embryonic development and during early skeletal muscle growth in rainbow trout (RBT, Oncorhynhus mykiss). Rainbow trout are a model salmonid species that have undergone two additional rounds of whole genome duplication. There was limited expression of activin Ab in RBT embryos despite these genes exhibiting significantly elevated expression in post-hatch skeletal muscle. Divergent expression patterns were also observed for activin receptor type IIB ohnologs. CRISPR targeting of activin Aa2 and activin Ab2 did not identify any developmental or growth phenotypes in edited RBT, however, a high percentage of in-frame alleles were identified in activin Aa2 targeted fish. The research identifies mechanisms of specialization among the duplicated activin ohnologs across embryonic development and during periods of high muscle growth in larval and juvenile fish. The knowledge gained provides critical insights into viable gene-targeting approaches for engineering the activin receptor signaling pathway to improve physiological performance in salmonid species.
Machine-Learning Based Prediction of Generator Runtime: A predictive maintenance solution for a telecommunications site
Authors: Muhammed Mariam , Yinka-Banjo Chika
Published: March 2024

The telecommunications industry has experienced significant growth and trans- formation in recent years, driven by technological advancements and the increasing demand for seamless connectivity. Maintaining the infrastructure that supports them becomes a critical challenge as communication networks expand and become more complex. There is a growing trend towards designing and implementing machine learning-based predictive maintenance solutions for telecommunications infrastructure to address this challenge. This study aims to develop and implement predictive models that can accurately predict the run- time of generators on telecommunication sites. This information is crucial for efficient planning and cost estimation purposes. The research collected data over three months and split it into training and testing datasets, with the training data accounting for 70% and the testing data accounting for 30%. Three models were used for prediction: the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, the log- linear method, and the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model. The models were evaluated, and their fit was calculated. In this paper, a new model was proposed, namely the OLS model with negative clipping, to address the limitations of the OLS model. The results showed that the OLS model with negative clipping pro- vided the best prediction accuracy, with a root mean square error of 0.09. On the other hand, the Vector Autoregression model exhibited the least accuracy, with a root mean square error of 9.3385. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed predictive maintenance solution in accurately predicting generator runtime on telecommunication sites.
Spectrum of Genetic Variants Associated with Maple Syrup Urine Disease in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: A Systematic Review
Authors: Younes Salma , Elkahlout Razan , Kilani Houda , Okashah Sarah , Sharshani Hussain Al , Rezoug Zoulikha , Zayed Hatem , Al-Dewik Nader
Published: March 2024

Background:Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a hereditary metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) enzymatic complex. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has witnessed a significant rise in the prevalence of MSUD due to high rates of consanguinity. Despite numerous genetic association studies, the complex relationships between genotype and phenotype in MSUD remain elusive.Aim:This study aimed to systematically review the variants significantly associated with MSUD in the MENA region.Methods:We systematically searched four literature databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) from inception until December 2023 to gather all reported genetic data pertaining to MSUD in the MENA region. Quality assessment and data extraction were diligently performed by a team of six investigators.Results:A total of 16 studies, involving patients, were included in this systematic review. Among them, 291 patients presented with 105 variants located within genes known to be associated with MSUD. The majority of the identified MSUD variants were found inBCKDHA(38%), followed byBCKDHB(38%),DBT(23%), andPPM1K(1%). Notably, 71% of the captured variants were unique to the MENA region.Conclusion:Our systematic review reveals a distinctive genetic and clinical susceptibility profile of MSUD among individuals from the MENA region. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the specific genetic landscape of MSUD in this population. Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex genotype-phenotype relationships in MSUD in the MENA region.
Measuring the Oxygen Flow Rate and Purity in an Optimal Portable Oxygen Concentrator Performance with an Air Pressure Sensor
Authors: sivalingam vijai , Jayaraj Jayakumar , Paul Subha Hency Jose
Published: March 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease results from a collection of lung illnesses that restrict airflow, causing breathing difficulty. Pulmonary fibrosis result from scarring of the lung tissue that causes difficulty breathing,Emphysema is a lung illness that causes the destruction of the lungs air sacs in the lungs. Oxygen concentrator can assist Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in staying active and enhancing their quality of life. Oxygen concentrators are medical devices that extract from ambient air and deliver it to patients requiring supplemental oxygen therapy. Monitoring and optimizing their performance is crucial for ensuring patient safety and delivery of the correct amount of oxygen. Air pressure sensors play a vital role in this process by providing data on various aspects of the Portable Oxygen concentrator's operation Flow rate, pressure, purity of portable oxygen concentrator. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of employing an oxygen concentrator as a platform to measure airflow with airflow sensors. By incorporating airflow sensors into an oxygen concentrator system, a non-intrusive and cost-effective approach for monitoring airflow in a variety of environments,including medical, environmental, and industrial can be developed. To investigate the feasibility of employing an Arduino Uno microcontroller and an air pressure sensor to monitor the oxygen flow rate and purity in an oxygen concentrator in order to optimize its performance. Portable oxygen concentrators are medical devices that supply extra oxygen to people who have low blood oxygen levels. These devices are smaller and lighter than fixed oxygen concentrators are, making them perfect for those who must be mobile. Portable oxygen concentrators are an extremely useful tool for individual with low blood oxygen levels. They can help people remain active, improve their quality of life, and lessen their need for oxygen tanks. A portable oxygen Concentrator with pressure swing adsorption and HX710B air pressure sensor for health monitoring has been constructed.
Reconfigurable spintronic logic gate utilizing precessional magnetization switching
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Liu Ting , An Hongyu , Chen Shi , Zhao Yuelei , Yang Sheng , Xu Xiaohong , Zhou Cangtao , Zhang Hua , Zhou Yan
Published: March 2024

In traditional von Neumann computing architecture, the efficiency of the system is often hindered by the data transmission bottleneck between the processor and memory. A prevalent approach to mitigate this limitation is the use of non-volatile memory for in-memory computing, with spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) being a leading area of research. In our study, we numerically demonstrate that a precise combination of damping-like and field-like spin-orbit torques can facilitate precessional magnetization switching. This mechanism enables the binary memristivity of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) through the modulation of the amplitude and width of input current pulses. Building on this foundation, we have developed a scheme for a reconfigurable spintronic logic gate capable of directly implementing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, and XOR. This work is anticipated to leverage the sub-nanosecond dynamics of SOT-MRAM cells, potentially catalyzing further experimental developments in spintronic devices for in-memory computing.
Comparative Clinical Assessment and Risk Stratification of COVID-19 and Influenza Infections in Adults and Children: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zaki Hany , Elgassim Mohamed , Shaban Eman , Ahmed Amina , Ameen Amin Wafer , Abdurabu Mohammed , Basharat Kaleem , Shaban Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Background and objective
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease that rapidly spread over the world, prompting to it to be declared a global pandemic. Since the illness exhibits similar symptoms as influenza, it can be challenging to tell the two diseases apart, especially during the influenza season. Therefore, it was necessary to carry out a comparative study to assess the clinical risks and outcomes of COVID-19 and influenza.
Methods
The search for relevant articles was carried out through the database search method and a manual search which involved going through the reference lists of articles related to the topic for additional studies. The Quality appraisal was carried out using the Newcastle Ottawa tool, while data analysis was done using the Review Manager Software (RevMan 5.4.1).
Results
The meta-analysis results show that COVID-19 patients had similar lengths of hospital stay (SMD: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.60 to 0.11; p = 0.17). However, COVID-19 patients had significantly higher mortality rates (RR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.37; p < 0.0001), in-hospital complications (RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.65; p < 0.00001), intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.61; p < 0.00001), length of ICU stay (SMD: -0.45; 95% CI: -0.83 to 0.06; p = 0.02), and mechanical ventilation use (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.46; p < 0.00001).
Conclusion
The findings suggest that COVID-19 is more severe than influenza. Therefore, “flu-like” symptoms should not be dismissed without a clear diagnosis, especially during the winter seasons when influenza is more common.
The relationship between home-school cooperation and parenting self-efficacy : the Mediating Role of parental psychological flexibility and the Moderating Role of work-family conflict
Authors: Lei Tianyang , Li Shuchao , Du Simiao , Xiang Silin , Yuan Xiaojiao
Published: March 2024

Background.
parenting self-efficacy has become a prevalent issue among Chinese parents, and home-school cooperation can to some extent enhance parents' parenting capabilities, aiding them in adopting positive parenting methods. However, there has been limited research on the underlying mechanisms of this interaction.
Aims.
This cross-sectional study aims to examine the process through which home-school cooperation enhances parenting self-efficacy among Chinese parents, with the goal of revealing practical pathways for effectively improving parenting self-efficacy.
Sample.
The participants in this study were parents of students from two primary and secondary schools in Shandong, China (n = 1328).
Methods.
We evaluated parents’ home-school cooperation, parenting self-efficacy, parental psychological flexibility, and work-family conflict.
Results.
The results indicate that (1) home-school cooperation significantly and positively predicts parenting self-efficacy; (2) parental psychological flexibility acts as a mediator between home-school cooperation and parenting self-efficacy; (3) work-family conflict moderates the relationship between home-school cooperation and parental psychological flexibility, as well as the relationship between parental psychological flexibility and parenting self-efficacy.
Conclusions.
These findings suggest the existence of a pathway from home-school cooperation to parental psychological flexibility, which subsequently influences parenting self-efficacy. This pathway is dependent on the level of work-family conflict.
An improved simulation of temperature field in Laser–low current
Authors: Xu Shixiang , Sun Zhenbang , Han Yongquan , Sun Haotian , Xing Yucheng , Zhang Shiquan
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to achieve efficient and precise connection of thin steel sheets for vehicles by analyzing the thermal process of Laser-MAG hybrid high-speed welding lap of thin galvanized steel sheets. A high-speed camera combined with an NI AD data acquisition system were used, and the transition behavior and electrical signals of low-current MAG and Laser-MAG hybrid welding were examined. The thin sheet MAG welding droplet transition method mainly comprised short-circuit transfer. During the short-circuit phase, the voltage decreased and the current increased sharply, forming a short-circuit liquid column. When current increased to a certain level, the liquid bridge burst, the droplets carried heat and kinetic energy to the weld pool, the arc voltage returned to a no-load state, and the arc was re-ignited. In the arcing phase, the current first decreased steeply and then slowly, while the voltage decreased slowly and smoothly. According to the different heat source characteristics of the arc combustion and short-circuit stages during short-circuit transition, a new MAG heat source for low-current short-circuit transition was developed. This study employed a double-ellipse heat source with different powers for the arc combustion stage as well as a uniform body heat source that considered the thermal and kinetic energies of the melt droplets for the short-circuit stage. The thermal input of low current MAG welding was described by double-ellipse and uniform body heat source periodic loading. Moreover, the laser exerted an attraction and compression influence over the arc during the hybrid welding, which promoted the droplet transfer. Therefore, based on the novel MAG heat source, a hybrid Laser-MAG heat source in the short-circuit transition mode was developed. The laser beam heat source was described using a three-dimensional column heat source, the arc attraction and compression by the laser were considered indirectly through distribution parameter tuning for the double-ellipse model, and the laser-promoted transition effects of the droplets were described through the cycle frequency alterations of a double ellipsoid and homogeneous heat source. this heat source model was used to determine the MAG welding and hybrid welding temperature fields. Using hybrid Laser-MAG welding, a weld with a high depth-to-width ratio and complete penetration was obtained. The weld geometry and weld pool length were determined through welding tests, and the test results coincided with the fusion line trend and shape of the weld obtained by simulation, proving the rationality of the developed heat source model.
Comparison of upper body posture, shoulder range of motion of volleyball players with and without scapular dyskinesia
Authors: Pashaie Fazel , Roshani Sajad , Mahmoudi Hamed
Published: March 2024

Background
Repetitive movement patterns and continuous use of the upper limb in volleyball cause scapular movement disorders. The aim of the present study was to compare upper body posture, shoulder range of motion of volleyball players with and without scapular dyskinesia.
Methods
50 volleyball players (25 volleyball players with scapular dyskinesia and 25 healthy volleyball players) were selected in a targeted manner from volleyball clubs in Urmia city. Head and shoulder posture were evaluated using photography. The thoracic spine was assessed by a flexible ruler; internal and external rotation of the shoulder using a goniometer. In order to compare the means of the two groups, independent t-test was used.
Results
The results showed a significant difference in forward head (P = 0.047), forward shoulder (P = 0.007) and thoracic spine posture (P = 0.037), and shoulder external rotation (P = 0.001) between healthy volleyball players and volleyball players with scapular dyskinesia. However, there was no significant difference in internal rotation of the shoulder (P = 0.148) between the two groups.
Conclusion
shoulder girdle posture of volleyball players with scapular dyskinesia seems to be poorer than that of volleyball players without scapular dyskinesia. Players with scapular dyskinesia had limited external rotation range compared to the healthy group. This issue may be affected by the position of the shoulder, which itself can be caused by a poor posture.
Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity is Closely Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fang Wendong , zhang Jie , Wang Lu
Published: March 2024

Skeletal muscle is of great importance for human activity and quality of life, as its loss contributes greatly to immobilization, especially for aged individuals. An increased dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins may be beneficial for muscle loss because of aging. However, the quantitative relationship between total antioxidation capacity (TAC) of antioxidant vitamins and muscle mass is undetermined. 4009 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed with demographic, lifestyle and dietary intake adjustment factors. The dose saturation effect was also determined by a saturation effect analysis. Subgroup analysis were performed forage and sex. In the fully adjusted model, per unit increase of dietary TAC was associated with an increase of 0.018 g/kg appendicular lean mass (95% CI: 0.007–0.029), 0.014 g/kg trunk lean mass (95% CI: 0.004–0.024) and 0.035 g/kg total lean mass (95% CI: 0.014–0.055). TAC was associated with an decrease of 0.004 kg/kg total percent fat (95% CI: -0.006–-0.002), 0.005 kg/kg trunk percent fat (95% CI: -0.007–-0.002) and 0.003 kg/m2 BMI (95% CI: -0.006–-0.001) at the same time. Subgroup analysis indicated that women and adults <50 years may experience the most significant association between TAC and skeletal muscle mass. We revealed a positive correlation between TAC and lean body mass, a negative association between TAC and body fat and BMI. Saturation values were found among people aged 40–59. Age and sex mediate these associations.
Clothing color effect as a target of the smallest scale climate change adaptation
Authors: Ichinose Toshiaki , Pan Yi , Yoshida Yukiko
Published: March 2024

The authors observed surface temperatures of polo shirts of the same material and design but different colors. The shirts were placed in unshaded and well-ventilated outdoor, open spaces on sunny summer days. The maximum difference between dark green or black and white was more than 15°C during calm, fine weather and was greatest when the solar radiation was strong. If the transmission of solar radiation energy through a shirt is ignored to calculate the absorption by the shirt, the absorption of solar radiation accounted for 24% of the temperature difference among colors, and if considered, we concluded that an absorption difference of 34% led to a temperature difference of 15℃. When we compared the brightness of the colors, we found that the albedo of both the visible and NIR bands explained why the red and green colors were so different with respect to the surface temperatures we observed. The reflection in the NIR bands was also an important determinant of the surface temperature. An additional experiment using masks showed that the temperature difference between white and black was almost eliminated at a wind speed of ~5 m/s. The color of clothing is therefore a target for small-scale adaptation to climate change.
Detection of Pipeline Leaks using BiopiezoelectricEnergy Harvesting Sensors via RecurrenceQuantification and Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Rounak Aasifa , Banerjee Shreyan , Joseph George Vathakkattil , Okosun Favour , Guerin Sarah , Pakrashi Vikram
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a study on water pipeline leak detection using organic glycineenergy harvesting sensors. The analysis involves examining open circuit voltageswith recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), complexity measures, and neuromorphiccomputing techniques. Time-dependent un-thresholded recurrence plotsreveal nonlinear characteristics in bio-piezoelectric sensed signatures, providinginsights into leak intensities, flow rates, and sensor locations over short and longtime scales. RQA measures successfully distinguish between leak states, withincreased flow rates resulting in notable changes. The results indicate that glycinesensors outperform PVDF sensors in accurate leak detection. The methodologyis adapted to a neuromorphic framework, estimating leak occurrence and sizeclassification. The spiking neural network-based model shows the superiority ofbio-piezoelectric sensors for structural health monitoring within a neuromorphicframework, compared to PVDF sensors.
Enhancing Intrusion Detection in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks: Comparative Study of Behavioral IDSs
Authors: Jelleli Taher M. , Alimi Adel M.
Published: March 2024

With an emphasis on behavioral intrusion detection systems [BIDSs], this study investigates the field of intrusion detection in mobile ad hoc networks [MANETs]. Because they are dynamic and decentralized, MANETs are vulnerable to a range of security risks, such as infiltration attempts. In this situation, conventional intrusion detection techniques show their shortcomings, opening the door for BIDS research. We provide a thorough comparison study of several intrusion detection system [IDS] methods, such as behavioral analysis, rule-based detection, machine learning-based detection, statistical anomaly detection, and environmental-based detection. These techniques are assessed in a dynamic network setting that considers the increasing volume of data and sporadic changes in sensor characteristics. The simulation becomes more realistic with the addition of behavior scores, which complicate the intrusion detection procedure Among the evaluation criteria are detection rates, which provide information about how well each IDS strategy performs in dynamic MANETs. The results contribute to the ongoing effort to improve security in MANETs by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the various intrusion detection approaches.
pH-Sensitive Swelling Behavior and Drug Release Kinetics of Chitosan-Modified Cs/HEMA Hydrogels
Authors: Mahdi Hadeel Salih , Alshrefi Saif M.
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the pH-sensitive swelling behavior and drug release kinetics of Chitosan-modified Cs/HEMA hydrogels. The influence of cross-linking agents, hydrophilicity, and crosslinking density on the swelling behavior and stability of the hydrogel membranes is examined. The Donnan swelling equilibrium is employed to explain the expansion of the hydrogels, which is controlled by the osmotic pressure gradient between the interior and exterior of the hydrogel. The hydrogels exhibit pH responsiveness, with maximum swelling at low pH levels and minimized swelling at high pH levels. Additionally, temperature is found to affect the swelling behavior, with higher temperatures resulting in increased swelling ratios. The release rate of the drug (5-ASA) is observed to be influenced by both pH and temperature, with higher release rates at pH 8 and elevated temperatures. Moreover, the impact of Chitosan concentration on drug release kinetics is investigated, revealing a significant effect. These findings contribute to the understanding of the behavior of Chitosan-modified Cs/HEMA hydrogels and provide valuable insights for the development of pH-responsive and temperature-responsive drug delivery systems.