bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synovial Fluid MicroRNA-210 as a Potential Biomarker for Early Prediction of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Xie Wen , Su Wei , Xia Hualing , Wang Zhanchao , Su Chunxia , Su Bing
Published: July 2019

Early detection and treatment are critical in the management of osteoarthritis (OA). OA is closely associated with angiogenesis and the inhibition of angiogenesis presents a novel therapeutic approach to reduce inflammation and pain in OA. Recent reports suggest that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have great potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis in OA. In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical significance of miR-210 in synovial fluid samples from 10 healthy volunteers and 20 early-stage OA and 20 late-stage OA patients. miR-210 expression was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. VEGF protein levels were examined by ELISA. The results show that miR-210 is significantly upregulated in early-stage OA and late-stage OA patients compared with healthy individuals. Higher levels of VEGF are also found in OA compared with the control. Moreover, miR-210 levels are positively correlated with VEGF levels, suggesting that miR-210 might contribute to OA development through promoting VEGF expression and angiogenesis. In conclusion, upregulation of miR-210 in synovial fluid may occur in the early stage of OA and can be a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of OA.
Effect of Different Doses and Times of FK506 on Different Areas of the Hippocampus in the Rat Model of Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Sharifi Zahra Nadia , Zaferani Arani Hamid , Olya Maedeh , Adin Atashi Hesam , Movassaghi Shabnam
Published: July 2019

Background.Stroke is a major worldwide problem that is leading to a high mortality rate in humans. Ischemia, as the most common type of stroke, is characterized by tissue damage that can occur due to insufficient blood flow to the brain even for a brief duration, leading to the release of inflammatory factors, cytokines, and free radicals. In this study, we investigated the effective dose and injection time of FK506 as an immunophilin ligand for providing a suitable effect on cells of CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.Methods.In this in vivo study, a total of 48 male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups. The ischemia model was induced by the ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. The doses of FK506 (3, 6, and 10 mg/kg) were administered intravenously (IV) at the beginning of reperfusion, followed by repeated injections (10 mg/kg) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after ischemia, respectively. Brains were removed and prepared for Nissl staining and the TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling method.Results.Data showed that global ischemia did not decrease the number of viable pyramidal cells in CA2 and CA3 regions, but significant differences were observed in the number of viable granular cells and apoptotic bodies in the dentate gyrus between the control and ischemia groups. Repeated doses of 6 mg/kg of FK506 at an interval of 48 hours were deemed to be the suitable dose and best time of injection.Conclusions.It seems that FK506 can ameliorate the extent of apoptosis and may be a good candidate for the treatment of ischemia-induced brain damage.
PEGylated Polyethylenimine Derivative-Mediated Local Delivery of the shSmad3 Inhibits Intimal Thickening after Vascular Injury
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Danyang , Wei Xiao , Ma Lin , Sheng Jing , Lu Ping
Published: July 2019

Intimal hyperplasia is a complex process which contributes to several clinical problems such as atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis. Inhibition of Smad3 expression inhibits intimal thickening. Our previous study has modified biscarbamate cross-linked polyethylenimine derivative (PEI-Et) through PEGylation thus obtained polyethylene glycol-graft-polyethylenimine derivative (PEG-Et 1:1), which has lower cytotoxicity and higher gene transfection efficiency compared with PEI-Et. In this study, PEG-Et 1:1 was employed in Smad3 shRNA (shSmad3) delivery for preventing intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. It was observed that PEG-Et 1:1 could condense shSmad3 gene into nanoparticles with particle size of 115–168 nm and zeta potential of 3–6 mV. PEG-Et 1:1 displayed remarkably lower cytotoxicity, higher transfection efficiency, and shRNA silencing efficiency than PEI-Et and PEI 25 kDa in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Moreover, PEG-Et 1:1/shSmad3 polyplex treatment significantly inhibited collagen, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP2 and MMP9 expression, and upregulated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) expression both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, intravascular delivery of shSmad3 with PEG-Et 1:1 polyplex efficiently reduced Smad3 expression and inhibited intimal thickening 14 days after vascular injury. Ultimately, this study indicated that PEG-Et 1:1-mediated local delivery of shSmad3 is a promising strategy for preventing intimal thickening.
Extraction of Features due to Breathing Crack from Vibration Response of Rotated Blades considering Tenon Connection and Shroud Contact
Authors: Yang Faming , Yang Yongmin , Hu Haifeng , Guan Fengjiao , Shen Guoji , Chen Suiyu , Bian Zifang
Published: July 2019

Cracks are common failures of aeroengine rotated blades. Online monitoring of rotated blades through their vibration to identify cracks early in various working conditions is significant for operational safety. Breathing crack is a practical form of early cracks and results in nonlinear vibration response. Tenon connection and shroud contact are common structures in aeroengine rotated blades, which can also lead blades to vibrate nonlinearly and seriously interfere online identification of early cracks. Thus, it is important to extract vibration features due to breathing crack considering these two structures. Firstly, a blade with tenon and shroud is simplified and a lumped parameter model of the bladed disk is built. Then, dry friction and coupling force on a blade are analyzed and dynamics equations of the lumped parameter model are established. Next, the stiffness of the blade trunk with a breathing crack is analyzed. Finally, the vibration response of blade trunks with the occurrence of breathing crack is analyzed in time and frequency domains by numerical simulation. Effective features due to breathing crack for online identification are extracted. 2x components of spectrums can be the criterion to judge whether breathing crack occurs. Besides, by comparing the changes in vibration amplitudes with 1x component peaks of spectrums, the cracked blade trunk can be distinguished. These findings can provide important theoretical guidance for online identification of early cracks in aeroengine rotated blades.
Current Advances in Red Blood Cell Generation Using Stem Cells from Diverse Sources
Authors: Seo Yoojin , Shin Kyung-Hwa , Kim Hyung Hoi , Kim Hyung-Sik
Published: July 2019

Blood transfusions hold an indispensable part in the modern healthcare system. Up to date, the blood supply is largely dependent on donations. Unfortunately, collecting the clinical-grade blood products has become a challenging mission due to accelerated population aging, which not only increases the need for blood transfusions but also decreases the number of healthy donors. Moreover, individuals with severe hematological abnormalities or rare blood phenotypes need alternative therapeutic approaches instead of conventional blood transfusion. In these aspects, the concept ofin vitro/ex vivoproduction of blood cells has been emerging and many attempts have been focused on manufacturing mature erythrocytes, so-called red blood cells (RBCs), the most common and important component among the blood derivatives. In this review, we provide a general overview regarding the current strategies for generating RBCs from various stem cell sources including pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as well as circulating blood stem cells and the remaining challenges that must be overcome prior to their practical application.
Targeting Mechanoresponsive Proteins in Pancreatic Cancer: 4-Hydroxyacetophenone Blocks Dissemination and Invasion by Activating MYH14
Authors: Surcel Alexandra , Schiffhauer Eric S. , Thomas Dustin G. , Zhu Qingfeng , DiNapoli Kathleen T. , Herbig Maik , Otto Oliver , West-Foyle Hoku , Jacobi Angela , Kräter Martin , Plak Katarzyna , Guck Jochen , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Iglesias Pablo A. , Anders Robert A. , Robinson Douglas N.
Published: July 2019

Metastasis is complex, involving multiple genetic, epigenetic, biochemical, and physical changes in the cancer cell and its microenvironment. Cells with metastatic potential are often characterized by altered cellular contractility and deformability, lending them the flexibility to disseminate and navigate through different microenvironments. We demonstrate that mechanoresponsiveness is a hallmark of pancreatic cancer cells. Key mechanoresponsive proteins, those that accumulate in response to mechanical stress, specifically nonmuscle myosin IIA (MYH9) and IIC (MYH14), α-actinin 4, and filamin B, were highly expressed in pancreatic cancer as compared with healthy ductal epithelia. Their less responsive sister paralogs—myosin IIB (MYH10), α-actinin 1, and filamin A—had lower expression differential or disappeared with cancer progression. We demonstrate that proteins whose cellular contributions are often overlooked because of their low abundance can have profound impact on cell architecture, behavior, and mechanics. Here, the low abundant protein MYH14 promoted metastatic behavior and could be exploited with 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP), which increased MYH14 assembly, stiffening cells. As a result, 4-HAP decreased dissemination, induced cortical actin belts in spheroids, and slowed retrograde actin flow. 4-HAP also reduced liver metastases in human pancreatic cancer-bearing nude mice. Thus, increasing MYH14 assembly overwhelms the ability of cells to polarize and invade, suggesting targeting the mechanoresponsive proteins of the actin cytoskeleton as a new strategy to improve the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Significance:

This study demonstrates that mechanoresponsive proteins become upregulated with pancreatic cancer progression and that this system of proteins can be pharmacologically targeted to inhibit the metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer cells.
Therapeutic Targeting of Aldolase A Interactions Inhibits Lung Cancer Metastasis and Prolongs Survival
Authors: Chang Yu-Chan , Chiou Jean , Yang Yi-Fang , Su Chia-Yi , Lin Yuan-Feng , Yang Chia-Ning , Lu Pei-Jung , Huang Ming-Shyan , Yang Chih-Jen , Hsiao Michael
Published: July 2019

Cancer metabolic reprogramming promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still being uncovered. In this study, we show that the glycolytic enzyme aldolase A (ALDOA) is a key enzyme involved in lung cancer metabolic reprogramming and metastasis. Overexpression of ALDOA increased migration and invasion of lung cancer cell lines in vitro and formation of metastatic lung cancer foci in vivo. ALDOA promoted metastasis independent of its enzymatic activity. Immunoprecipitation and proteomic analyses revealed γ-actin binds to ALDOA; blocking this interaction using specific peptides decreased metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Screening of clinically available drugs based on the crystal structure of ALDOA identified raltegravir, an antiretroviral agent that targets HIV integrase, as a pharmacologic inhibitor of ALDOA-γ-actin binding that produced antimetastatic and survival benefits in a xenograft model with no significant toxicity. In summary, ALDOA promotes lung cancer metastasis by interacting with γ-actin. Targeting this interaction provides a new therapeutic strategy to treat lung cancer metastasis.

Significance:

This study demonstrates the role of aldolase A and its interaction with γ-actin in the metastasis of non–small lung cancer and that blocking this interaction could be an effective cancer treatment.
Inactivation of Proprotein Convertases in T Cells Inhibits PD-1 Expression and Creates a Favorable Immune Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tomé Mercedes , Pappalardo Angela , Soulet Fabienne , López José Javier , Olaizola Jone , Leger Yannick , Dubreuil Marielle , Mouchard Amandine , Fessart Delphine , Delom Frédéric , Pitard Vincent , Bechade Dominique , Fonck Mariane , Rosado Juan Antonio , Ghiringhelli François , Déchanet-Merville Julie , Soubeyran Isabelle , Siegfried Geraldine , Evrard Serge , Khatib Abdel-Majid
Published: July 2019

Proprotein convertases (PC) activate precursor proteins that play crucial roles in various cancers. In this study, we investigated whether PC enzyme activity is required for expression of the checkpoint protein programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in colon cancer. Although altered expression of the PC secretory pathway was observed in human colon cancers, only furin showed highly diffuse expression throughout the tumors. Inhibition of PCs in T cells using the general protein-based inhibitor α1-PDX or the pharmacologic inhibitor Decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone repressed PD-1 and exhausted CTLs via induction of T-cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition, which improved CTL efficacy against microsatellite instable and microsatellite stable colon cancer cells. In vivo, inhibition of PCs enhanced CTL infiltration in colorectal tumors and increased tumor clearance in syngeneic mice compared with immunodeficient mice. Inhibition of PCs repressed PD-1 expression by blocking proteolytic maturation of the Notch precursor, inhibiting calcium/NFAT and NF-κB signaling, and enhancing ERK activation. These findings define a key role for PCs in regulating PD-1 expression and suggest targeting PCs as an adjunct approach to colorectal tumor immunotherapy.

Significance:

Protein convertase enzymatic activity is required for PD-1 expression on T cells, and inhibition of protein convertase improves T-cell targeting of microsatellite instable and stable colorectal cancer.
Characterization and Comparison of GITR Expression in Solid Tumors
Authors: Vence Luis , Bucktrout Samantha L. , Fernandez Curbelo Irina , Blando Jorge , Smith Bevin M. , Mahne Ashley E. , Lin John C. , Park Terrence , Pascua Edward , Sai Tao , Chaparro-Riggers Javier , Subudhi Sumit K. , Scutti Jorge B. , Higa Maria G. , Zhao Hao , Yadav Shalini S. , Maitra Anirban , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Allison James P. , Sharma Padmanee
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

Determine the differential effect of a FcγR-binding, mIgG2a anti-GITR antibody in mouse tumor models, and characterize the tumor microenvironment for the frequency of GITR expression in T-cell subsets from seven different human solid tumors.

Experimental Design: For mouse experiments, wild-type C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with MC38 cells or B16 cells, and BALB/c mice were injected with CT26 cells. Mice were treated with the anti-mouse GITR agonist antibody 21B6, and tumor burden and survival were monitored. GITR expression was evaluated at the single-cell level using flow cytometry (FC). A total of 213 samples were evaluated for GITR expression by IHC, 63 by FC, and 170 by both in seven human solid tumors: advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, head and neck carcinoma, melanoma, and ovarian carcinoma.

Results:

The therapeutic benefit of 21B6 was greatest in CT26 followed by MC38, and was least in the B16 tumor model. The frequency of CD8 T cells and effector CD4 T cells within the immune infiltrate correlated with response to treatment with GITR antibody. Analysis of clinical tumor samples showed that NSCLC, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma had the highest proportions of GITR-expressing cells and highest per-cell density of GITR expression on CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. IHC and FC data showed similar trends with a good correlation between both techniques.

Conclusions:

Human tumor data suggest that NSCLC, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma should be the tumor subtypes prioritized for anti-GITR therapy development.
Antitumor Activity and Tolerability of hu14.18-IL2 with GMCSF and Isotretinoin in Recurrent or Refractory Neuroblastoma: A Children's Oncology Group Phase II Study
Authors: Shusterman Suzanne , Naranjo Arlene , Van Ryn Collin , Hank Jaquelyn A. , Parisi Marguerite T. , Shulkin Barry L. , Servaes Sabah , London Wendy B. , Shimada Hiroyuki , Gan Jacek , Gillies Steven D. , Maris John M. , Park Julie R. , Sondel Paul M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

Combining anti-GD2 (disialoganglioside) mAb with GM-CSF, IL2, and isotretinoin is now FDA-approved for high-risk neuroblastoma minimal residual disease (MRD) therapy. The humanized anti-GD2 antibody conjugated to IL2 (hu14.18-IL2) has clinical activity in neuroblastoma and is more effective in neuroblastoma-bearing mice than antibody and cytokine given separately. We therefore evaluated the safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity of hu14.18-IL2 given with GM-CSF and isotretinoin in a schedule similar to standard MRD therapy.

Patients and Methods:

Hu14.18-IL2 was given at the recommended phase II dose of 12 mg/m2/day on days 4–6 of a 28-day cycle with GM-CSF (250 mg/m2/dose, days 1–2 and 8–14) and isotretinoin (160 mg/m2/day, days 11–25). Tolerability was determined on the basis of the number of unacceptable toxicities observed. Response was evaluated separately for patients with disease measurable by standard radiologic criteria (stratum 1), and for patients with disease evaluable only by I123-metaiodobenzylguanidine (I123-MIBG) scan and/or bone marrow histology (stratum 2).

Results:

Fifty-two patients with recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma were enrolled; 51 were evaluable for toxicity and 45 were evaluable for response. Four patients had unacceptable toxicities, well below the protocol-defined rule for tolerability. Other grade 3 and 4 nonhematologic toxicities were expected and reversible. No responses were seen in stratum 1 (n = 14). In stratum 2 (n = 31), 5 objective responses were confirmed by central review (3 complete, 2 partial).

Conclusions:

Hu14.18-IL2 given in combination with GM-CSF and isotretinoin is safe and tolerable. Patients with MIBG and/or bone marrow–only disease had a 16.1% response rate, confirming activity of the combination.
Tyrosine Threonine Kinase Inhibition Eliminates Lung Cancers by Augmenting Apoptosis and Polyploidy
Authors: Zheng Lin , Chen Zibo , Kawakami Masanori , Chen Yulong , Roszik Jason , Mustachio Lisa Maria , Kurie Jonathan M. , Villalobos Pamela , Lu Wei , Behrens Carmen , Mino Barbara , Solis Luisa M. , Silvester Jennifer , Thu Kelsie L. , Cescon David W , Rodriguez-Canales Jaime , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Mak Tak W. , Liu Xi , Dmitrovsky Ethan
Published: July 2019

The spindle assembly checkpoint maintains genomic integrity. A key component is tyrosine threonine kinase (TTK, also known as Mps1). TTK antagonism is hypothesized to cause genomic instability and cell death. Interrogating The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed high TTK expression in lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell cancers versus the normal lung (P < 0.001). This correlated with an unfavorable prognosis in examined lung adenocarcinoma cases (P = 0.007). TTK expression profiles in lung tumors were independently assessed by RNA in situ hybridization. CFI-402257 is a highly selective TTK inhibitor. Its potent antineoplastic effects are reported here against a panel of well-characterized murine and human lung cancer cell lines. Significant antitumorigenic activity followed independent treatments of athymic mice bearing human lung cancer xenografts (6.5 mg/kg, P < 0.05; 8.5 mg/kg, P < 0.01) and immunocompetent mice with syngeneic lung cancers (P < 0.001). CFI-402257 antineoplastic mechanisms were explored. CFI-402257 triggered aneuploidy and apoptotic death of lung cancer cells without changing centrosome number. Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) of vehicle versus CFI-402257–treated lung cancers were examined using more than 300 critical growth-regulatory proteins. RPPA bioinformatic analyses discovered CFI-402257 enhanced MAPK signaling, implicating MAPK antagonism in augmenting TTK inhibitory effects. This was independently confirmed using genetic and pharmacologic repression of MAPK that promoted CFI-402257 anticancer actions. TTK antagonism exerted marked antineoplastic effects against lung cancers and MAPK inhibition cooperated. Future work should determine whether CFI-402257 treatment alone or with a MAPK inhibitor is active in the lung cancer clinic.
Mechanisms of NT5C2-Mediated Thiopurine Resistance in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Moriyama Takaya , Liu Shuguang , Li Jing , Meyer Julia , Zhao Xujie , Yang Wentao , Shao Youming , Heath Richard , Hnízda Aleš , Carroll William L. , Yang Jun J.
Published: July 2019

Relapse remains a formidable challenge for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Recently, recurrent mutations in NT5C2 were identified as a common genomic lesion unique in relapsed ALL and were linked to acquired thiopurine resistance. However, molecular mechanisms by which NT5C2 regulates thiopurine cytotoxicity were incompletely understood. To this end, we sought to comprehensively characterize the biochemical and cellular effects of NT5C2 mutations. Compared with wild-type NT5C2, mutant proteins showed elevated 5′-nucleotidase activity with a stark preference of thiopurine metabolites over endogenous purine nucleotides, suggesting neomorphic effects specific to thiopurine metabolism. Expression of mutant NT5C2 mutations also significantly reduced thiopurine uptake in vitro with concomitant increase in efflux of 6-mercaptopurine (MP) metabolites, plausibly via indirect effects on drug transporter pathways. Finally, intracellular metabolomic profiling revealed significant shifts in nucleotide homeostasis induced by mutant NT5C2 at baseline; MP treatment also resulted in global changes in metabolomic profiles with completely divergent effects in cells with mutant versus wild-type NT5C2. Collectively, our data indicated that NT5C2 mutations alter thiopurine metabolism and cellular disposition, but also influence endogenous nucleotide homeostasis and thiopurine-induced metabolomic response. These complex mechanisms contributed to NT5C2-mediated drug resistance in ALL and pointed to potential opportunities for therapeutic targeting in relapsed ALL.
The Novel Small-Molecule SR18662 Efficiently Inhibits the Growth of Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Kim Julie , Wang Chao , de Sabando Ainara Ruiz , Cole Hannah L. , Huang Timothy J. , Yang Jie , Bannister Thomas D. , Yang Vincent W. , Bialkowska Agnieszka B.
Published: July 2019

Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a member of the SP/KLF family of zinc finger transcription factors, is overexpressed in human colorectal cancer specimens, and this overabundance is associated with aggressive cancer development and progression. We demonstrated that mice haploinsufficient for Klf5 had reduced intestinal tumor burden in the background of germline mutation in Apc, a gatekeeper of intestinal tumorigenesis. Based on a high-throughput screening strategy, we developed ML264, a small-molecule compound that inhibits KLF5, and showed that it inhibits growth of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Through optimization efforts based on the structure of ML264, we have now identified a new lead compound, SR18662. We find that treatment with SR18662 significantly reduces growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells as compared with treatment with vehicle control, ML264, or SR15006 (a less optimized analogue from SAR efforts leading to SR18662). SR18662 showed improved efficacy in reducing the viability of multiple colorectal cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis following SR18662 treatment showed an increase in cells captured in either S or G2–M phases of the cell cycle and a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells, the latter a unique property compared with ML264 or SR15006. SR18662 treatment also reduces the expression of cyclins and components of the MAPK and WNT signaling pathways. Importantly, we observed a significant dose-dependent inhibition of xenograft growth in mice following SR18662 treatment that exceeded the effect of ML264 at equivalent doses. These findings support further development of SR18662 and its analogues for colorectal cancer therapy.
Small mammals of the Estação Ecológica de Bananal, southeastern Atlantic Forest, Brazil, with description of a new species of Brucepattersonius (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae)
Authors: Abreu-Júnior Edson Fiedler de , Percequillo Alexandre Reis
Published: July 2019

The Atlantic Forest harbors an impressive diversity of nonvolant small mammals. Despite having been the target of many ecological and taxonomical studies in the last decades, this group is still poorly known in several aspects – basic information on intrapopulational morphologic variation and proper diagnoses are lacking for many species, even for common taxa. This is related to the fact that large series of specimens from a single locality are extremely rare in scientific collections. A consistent sampling effort was conducted at Estação Ecológica de Bananal, northeastern São Paulo State, throughout seven field expeditions between 2003 and 2011, under the coordination of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, resulting in extensive series of nonvolant small mammals. We studied in detail the external and cranio-dental morphology of this sample (575 specimens), that we assigned to 31 known species besides one new species to science. Most species belong to order Rodentia (26 species) from the families Cricetidae (22 species) and Echimyidae (four species); the remaining (six species) are marsupials from the order Didelphimorphia, family Didelphidae. This is one of the most diverse assemblages ever recorded in this biome, and includes some of the rarest endemic rodents of the Atlantic Forest, such as Abrawayaomys ruschii, Blarinomys breviceps, Drymoreomys albimaculatus, Phaenomys ferrugineus, Phyllomys kerri and Rhagomys rufescens. This outstanding richness can be explained by the extensive sampling effort performed for a long period of time. Also, the capture success of the third expedition (8.25%) is among the highest rates obtained in the Atlantic Forest and the extensive use of pitfall traps was fundamental for trapping this high number of species. Herein, we provide an annotated list of nonvolant small mammals occurring at Estação Ecológica de Bananal, with comprehensive analyses of morphological variation and detailed diagnoses that will allow their proper identification, and will provide a sound basis for a better comprehension of the geographic variation of these taxa across the biome. We also present a formal description for a new species of Brucepattersonius from the mountain ranges along the Paraíba do Sul valley. For five species of sigmodontine rodents, we investigate the levels of ontogenetic and sexual variation, and while the first is accentuate in all analyzed species the second does not contribute significantly to intrapopulation variation.
Edoxaban Versus Warfarin Stratified by Average Blood Pressure in 19 679 Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and a History of Hypertension in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial
Authors: Park Sungha , Bergmark Brian A. , Shi Minggao , Lanz Hans-Joachim , Chung Namsik , Ruff Christian T. , Antman Elliott M. , Braunwald Eugene , Giugliano Robert P.
Published: July 2019

Hypertension is a risk factor for both stroke and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation. Data are sparse regarding the interaction between blood pressure and the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants. In the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial (Effective Anticoagulation With Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 48), 19,679 patients with atrial fibrillation and hypertension were categorized according to average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The primary efficacy and safety end points were the time to the first stroke or systemic embolic event and the time to the first International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis major bleeding event, respectively. Risk was calculated using Cox proportional hazards models based on average SBP and DBP and adjusting for 18 clinical characteristics. The efficacy and safety of a higher dose edoxaban regimen (60/30 mg) versus warfarin were evaluated with stratification by average SBP and DBP. Stroke/systemic embolic event occurred significantly more frequently in patients with elevated average SBP (hazard ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.50–2.70 for SBP ≥150 mm Hg relative to 130–139 mm Hg) or DBP (hazard ratio, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.76–3.16 for DBP ≥90 mm Hg relative to 75–<85 mm Hg). The higher dose edoxaban regimen reduced stroke/systemic embolic event across the full range of SBP (
P
interaction
=0.55) and DBP (
P
interaction
=0.44) compared with warfarin. The higher dose edoxaban regimen reduced the risk of major bleeding events, including intracranial hemorrhage, without modification by average SBP (
P
interaction
=0.29). The relative safety of edoxaban was most pronounced in patients with elevated DBP (
P
interaction
=0.007). The efficacy and safety of edoxaban were consistent across the full range of SBP, while the superior safety of edoxaban was most pronounced among patients with elevated DBP.
Weaponized Interdependence: How Global Economic Networks Shape State
Coercion
Authors: Farrell Henry , Newman Abraham L.
Published: July 2019

Liberals claim that globalization has led to fragmentation and decentralized networks of power relations. This does not explain how states increasingly “weaponize interdependence” by leveraging global networks of informational and financial exchange for strategic advantage. The theoretical literature on network topography shows how standard models predict that many networks grow asymmetrically so that some nodes are far more connected than others. This model nicely describes several key global economic networks, centering on the United States and a few other states. Highly asymmetric networks allow states with (1) effective jurisdiction over the central economic nodes and (2) appropriate domestic institutions and norms to weaponize these structural advantages for coercive ends. In particular, two mechanisms can be identified. First, states can employ the “panopticon effect” to gather strategically valuable information. Second, they can employ the “chokepoint effect” to deny network access to adversaries. Tests of the plausibility of these arguments across two extended case studies that provide variation both in the extent of U.S. jurisdiction and in the presence of domestic institutions—the SWIFT financial messaging system and the internet—confirm the framework's expectations. A better understanding of the policy implications of the use and potential overuse of these tools, as well as the response strategies of targeted states, will recast scholarly debates on the relationship between economic globalization and state coercion.
New species discovered from old collections, the case of Hedysarum wangii sp. nov. (Fabaceae, Hedysareae)
Authors: LIU PEI-LIANG , CHEN XUE-LIN , LU YUAN , CHANG ZHAO-YANG , YUE MING
Published: July 2019

Hedysarum wangii sp. nov. (Fabaceae) is described and illustrated based on historical collections, field observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis. The new species is similar to H. minjanense and H. lehmannianum, but can be diagnosed by details of its leaves, flowers and fruit. Phylogenetic trees based on nuclear ETS, ITS and plastid psbA-trnH, trnL-F, trnS-G and petN-psbM sequences indicated that H. wangii is a member of sect. Stracheya, and is closely related to H. minjanense. A key to species in sect. Stracheya is provided. Initiated by a specimen collected in the year 1937, the discovery of H. wangii highlights the importance of historical herbarium collections in our understanding of species diversity.
Reinstatement of Lepidochromonas Kristiansen (Lepidochromonadaceae fam. nov., Chrysophyceae)
Authors: KAPUSTIN DMITRY A. , GUIRY MICHAEL D.
Published: July 2019

The chrysophycean genus Lepidochromonas Kristiansen was established to accommodate a single species, Ochromonas diademifera E. Takah. characterized by cells covered by both plate-like scales and crown-shaped scales. Subsequently Lepidochromonas has been synonymized with Paraphysomonas De Saedeleer. Currently, the genus Paraphysomonas is restricted to the species with nail-like spine scales and species with basket-like scales have been removed to a newly described genus Clathromonas Scoble & Caval.-Sm. referred to the monotypic family Clathromonadidae Scoble & Caval.-Sm. Although both Clathromonas and Clathromonadidae are valid under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature they are illegitimate names according to the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants. Here we reinstate the genus Lepidochromonas as it has priority over Clathromonas, and we propose 30 new nomenclatural combinations. The formal description of a new family Lepidochromonadaceae fam. nov. is also provided.
Stachytarpheta grandiflora, a new species of Verbenaceae from the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: CARDOSO PEDRO HENRIQUE , NETO LUIZ MENINI , SALIMENA FÁTIMA REGINA GONÇALVES
Published: July 2019

Stachytarpheta grandiflora, an endemic species to campos rupestres of the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, west of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by pubescent branches, leaves with acute apex, petiole 0.5–1 cm long, bracts 0.7–1 cm long, with caudate apex, calyx 1.5–1.6 cm long, pubescent, 2-toothed and corolla 2.3–3 cm long, dark blue. It belongs to the informal group “Sellowiana”. We provide a detailed diagnosis, a morphological comparison with the most similar species, a key for the informal group where the new species belongs, a distribution map, conservation status and illustrations.
Morphological variation and systematics of Dipsas catesbyi (Sentzen, 1796) and Dipsas pavonina Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Dipsadinae)
Authors: DE LIMA ANA CAROLINE , DA COSTA PRUDENTE ANA LÚCIA
Published: July 2019

The genus Dipsas includes approximately 32 species, distributed from Mexico to South America (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru). High variability in color pattern and scalation has made it difficult to define limits among Dipsas species and to interpret patterns of geographic variation. We analyzed 14 meristic and 18 morphometric characters of 483 specimens of D. catesbyi and 129 specimens of D. pavonina, as well as their color pattern, coloration, hemipenis, cephalic glands and geographic distribution. We describe variation in meristic and morphometric characters and incorporate new characters into revised diagnoses. The results indicate a greater morphological similarity between D. catesbyi and species of Sibynomorphus than with the other species of Dipsas. More morphological studies should be done to evaluate current phylogenetic proposals for relationships within the tribe Dipsadini.
A review of the carbonaria-subgroup of Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Fanniidae), with descriptions of two new species from China
Authors: WANG MING-FU , ZHANG DONG , ZHENG SHUANG , ZHANG CHUN-TIAN
Published: July 2019

The Fannia carbonaria-subgroup belongs to the Fannia carbonaria-group Chillcott, 1961. The world fauna of this subgroup is reviewed, the diagnostic features of the subgroup are redefined, and a key to the males of the known species is given. Two new species from China are described: F. dorsovittata Wang sp. nov. and F. subfuscitibia Wang sp. nov.. To facilitate comparisons of the species, Fannia corvina (Verrall), Fannia imperatoria Nishida and Fannia xiaoi Fan are redescribed. Geographic distributions of the species of the subgroup are updated. The systematic position and distribution patterns of the F. carbonaria-subgroup are discussed.
Lysianopsis adelae, new species of amphipod (Gammaridea: Lysianassidae) from the Veracruz Coral Reef System, SW Gulf of Mexico
Authors: WINFIELD IGNACIO , ORTIZ MANUEL
Published: July 2019

A new species of amphipod of the genus Lysianopsis from the Veracruz Coral Reef System, SW Gulf of Mexico is described. Lysianopsis adelae n. sp., was collected in the sediments at the base of the sponge Aplysina fistularis at a depth of 10 m. The differences among L. alba, L. hummelincki, and L. ozona, recorded from Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea are pointed out and they are compared with the new species.
The West Indian Peridinetini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae)
Authors: PRENA JENS
Published: July 2019

Two genera and nine species of Peridinetini are recognised in the West Indies; four of the species are newly described. Peridinetus Schönherr is represented in the Greater Antilles by P. concentricus (Olivier), P. decipiens Prena sp. n., P. fuscosignum Prena sp. n., P. poeyi Jacquelin du Val stat. res., P. roeselii (Boheman) and P. sexguttatus (Fabricius) comb. n. and Palliolatrix Prena in the Lesser Antilles by P. insignis (Chevrolat), P. lateropicta Prena sp. n. and P. silacea Prena sp. n. Ephimerus Schönherr is synonymised with Peridinetus (syn. n.). The overlooked synonymy of Peridinetus signatus Rosenschöld with P. concentricus is reinstated. Habitus images, distribution maps and a key for identification are provided.
A new species of Japalura (Reptilia: Agamidae) from northeast India with a discussion of the similar species Japalura sagittifera Smith, 1940 and Japalura planidorsata Jerdon, 1870
Authors: MAHONY STEPHEN
Published: July 2019

A new species of the agamid genus Japalura is described, based on three specimens from Mizoram, northeast India. Japalura otai sp. nov. is most similar to J. planidorsata and J. sagittifera and can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: adult size (SVL male 46.4 mm, female 52.2–58.7 mm), tail length/SVL ratio 160.5–187.5%, 10–11 supralabials, 9–12 infralabials, 45–47 middorsal scales, 17–20 lamellae under finger IV, 20–22 lamellae under toe IV, tympanum concealed, axillary fold present, nuchal crest, gular fold and gular pouch absent, enlarged keeled dorsal scales present, body shape subquadrangular in cross section. Japalura sagittifera is here redescribed, a lectotype and a paralectotype designated and photographs of the type specimens made available for the first time. All known localities for these three species are provided. The status of the genus Oriotiaris which was recently revalidated is discussed in detail and again synonymized within Japalura. The currently recognised polyphyletic Japalura is discussed in relation to morphological characteristics.
Hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) inhabiting the intertidal and shallow subtidal region of Red Sea coast of Egypt
Authors: EL-WAKEIL KHALEID F. ABD , AHMED ELHAM S. , OBUID-ALLAH AHMAD H. , EL-SHIMY NASSER A.
Published: July 2019

The present work surveys hermit crab species inhabiting the intertidal and shallow subtidal region in the Red Sea coast of Egypt, and presents an identification key for surveyed hermit crabs. Twelve hermit crab species were recorded from the 29 sites along the Red Sea coast of Egypt. These species belong to three families (Coenobitidae, Paguridae and Diogenidae) and seven genera. The dominant species in this survey were Clibanarius signatus and Calcinus latens. The less dominant species in this survey were Diogenes pallescens, D. costatus, D. lagopodes and Clibanarius carnifex and rarer species were Dardanus woodmasoni, Diogenes tirmiziae, Coenobita scaevola, Clibanarius longitarsus, Cestopagurus coutieri and Pagurus cavicarpus. Identification key for the recorded hermit crabs species is provided.
A review of the Bembidion (Odontium) aenulum subgroup (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with description of a new species
Authors: MADDISON DAVID R. , ARNOLD A. ELIZABETH
Published: July 2019

The Bembidion aenulum subgroup of the subgenus Odontium is reviewed. This subgroup, widespread in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, previously has been considered to consist of only one species, Bembidion aenulum Hayward. However, morphological studies coupled with analyses of 28S ribosomal RNA, cytochrome oxidase I, CAD, and wingless genes reveal that eastern members of this group belong to a new species herein named Bembidion paraenulum new species. This species ranges from New Hampshire in the northeast, through Virginia and North Carolina, south to Florida and west to Mississippi. Both species are described and illustrated.
A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Key to genera of the subfamily Proceratiinae
Authors: YOSHIMURA MASASHI , FISHER BRIAN L.
Published: July 2019

Male-based keys to the ant genera of Proceratiinae in the Malagasy region (Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Comoros, and Seychelles) are presented. All three extant genera known from the Malagasy region, Discothyrea, Probolomyrmex, and Proceratium, and an undescribed taxon, PRm01 from Seychelles, are included. Diagnoses and remarks on the subfamily Proceratiinae and its four genera, and a character table for these genera, are given. The males of all genera are illustrated.
Two new species of the genus Amemboides Polhemus & Andersen, 1984, stat. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) from Vietnam
Authors: TRAN A. D. , POLHEMUS J. T.
Published: July 2019

Amemboides Polhemus & Andersen, 1984, stat. nov., is herein recognised as separate genus from Amemboa Esaki, 1925. This paper describes two new species of Amemboides from Vietnam: Amemboides falcatus and Amemboides gladiolus. Amemboides sexualis (Polhemus & Andersen, 1984) is recorded from Vietnam for the first time.
A beautiful new species of Hyalonthophagus Palestrini & Giacone, 1988 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), from the Northern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: DESCHODT CHRISTIAN M. , DAVIS ADRIAN L.V. , SOLE CATHERINE L.
Published: July 2019

Hyalonthophagus Palestrini & Giacone, 1988, from Afrotropical savanna, is raised to generic status having been originally described as a subgenus within the genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802. Hyalonthophagus pulcher Deschodt & Davis, new species is described from the Northern Cape, South Africa. Maps are provided to show (1) the locally-restricted distribution pattern of the new species isolated from adjoining savanna in warm, dry Karoo climate to the south of the Orange River, and, (2) the disjunct distribution pattern in relation to those of three other southern African species centred in savanna to the northeast beyond areas with unsuitable climatic or ecological conditions. An assessment of the conservation status for Hyalonthophagus pulcher Deschodt & Davis, new species is also provided.
The Notched-frons Katydids of Taiwan (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Copiphorini): redescriptions and keys for identification
Authors: SRI-IN CHALIDA , YANG JENG-TZE
Published: July 2019

The tribe Copiphorini is one of four tribes in the subfamily Conocephalinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). It is easily distinguished from other Tettigoniids by the markedly slanting head shape and the notched frons. This study revises the tribe in Taiwan. The specimens, which were examined for this study, were collected in Taiwan from October 1962 to May 2008 and deposited in the Museum of National Chung Hsing University and National Museum of Natural Science. There are five genera and six species distributed in Taiwan such as Euconocephalus nasutus (Thunberg, 1815), Euconocephalus pallidus (Redtenbacher, 1891), Pseudorhynchus gigas Redtenbacher, 1891, Pyrgocorypha formosana Matsumura & Shiraki 1908, Ruspolia lineosa (Walker, 1869), and Xestophrys horvathi Bolivar, 1905. These are redescribed and a key is provided to the genera and species from Taiwan. Notes are given on the habitats and distribution of the species.
Two new species of the genus Phytocoris (Hemiptera: Miridae), with a revised identification key to species of the subgenus Compsocerocoris found in Iran
Authors: ZAMANI MOZHGAN , HOSSEINI REZA
Published: July 2019

Two new species, Phytocoris (Compsocerocoris) amardus sp. nov. and Phytocoris (Compsocerocoris) hyrcaniaensis sp. nov. are described from Guilan province, Iran. Description, diagnoses, male color habitus image and illustrations of male genitalia are presented for each taxon to aid in unequivocal identification. A revised taxonomic key to the species of subgenus Compsocerocoris Reuter known in Iran is also provided. The type specimens were deposited in the insect collection of the University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Differences in Response of Terrestrial Water Storage Components to Precipitation over 168 Global River Basins
Authors: Zhang Yafeng , He Bin , Guo Lanlan , Liu Daochen
Published: July 2019

A time lag exists between precipitation P falling and being converted into terrestrial water. The responses of terrestrial water storage (TWS) and its individual components to P over the global scale, which are vital for understanding the interactions and mechanisms between climatic variables and hydrological components, are not well constrained. In this study, relying on land surface models, we isolate five component storage anomalies from TWS anomalies (TWSA) derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission (GRACE): canopy water storage anomalies (CWSA), surface water storage anomalies (SWSA), snow water equivalent anomalies (SWEA), soil moisture storage anomalies (SMSA), and groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA). The responses of TWSA and of the individual components of TWSA to P are then evaluated over 168 global basins. The lag between TWSA and P is quantified by calculating the correlation coefficients between GRACE-based TWSA and P for different time lags, then identifying the lag (measured in months) corresponding to the maximum correlation coefficient. A multivariate regression model is used to explore the relationship between climatic and basin characteristics and the lag between TWSA and P. Results show that the spatial distribution of TWSA trend presents a similar global pattern to that of P for the period January 2004–December 2013. TWSA is positively related to P over basins but with lags of variable duration. The lags are shorter in the low- and midlatitude basins (1–2 months) than those in the high-latitude basins (6–9 months). The spatial patterns of the maximum correlations and the corresponding lags between individual components of the TWSA and P are consistent with those of the GRACE-based analysis, except for SWEA (3–8 months) and CWSA (0 months). The lags between GWSA, SMSA, and SWSA to P can be arranged as GWSA > SMSA ≥ SWSA. Regression analysis results show that the lags between TWSA and P are related to the mean temperature, mean precipitation, mean latitude, mean longitude, mean elevation, and mean slope.
Retrospective Consecration Beyond the Mainstream: The Creation of a Progressive Rock Canon
Authors: Dowd Timothy J. , Ryan Trent , Schmutz Vaughn , Parris Dionne , Bledsoe Ashlee , Semenza Dan
Published: July 2019

Based on a sample of 28,360 albums identified by an online community devoted to progressive rock, this article examines factors that shape the retrospective consecration of music that operates beyond the mainstream. Drawing on previous work on fields of cultural production, genre trajectories, and creative careers, the article produces findings that both replicate and innovate. As in previous research, critical acclaim greatly enhances the likelihood of consecration; however, it is not mainstream critics but underground critics whose opinions are most influential and most consistent with popular appeal among the progressive rock audience. Likewise, although performers from the “first wave” of progressive rock and from the United Kingdom have an advantage in getting consecrated, a more recent wave of performers in the online era see higher odds of consecration and there is neither a significant advantage for U.S.-based performers nor a significant disadvantage for performers from the margins. Findings suggest that the relationship between different types of legitimation varies across fields and that in progressive rock—a field with a high degree of aesthetic solidarity—some sources of acclaim often thought of as being in competition are actually compatible.