bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical and Economic Analysis of Promoting the Application of ACCC in China
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Wei , Wan Jian Cheng
Published: December 2012

This paper presents that Aluminium Conductor Composite Core (abbreviated as ACCC) is suitable for using in reconstructed overhead line projects, but is not economical for using in new construction projects in China. When ACCC can be used in new overhead line projects, the cut-off point price is twice of the conventional Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced (abbreviated as ACSR) under same section，and further analysis of price components of ACCC is considered that the prices could decrease further. In China, ACCC will have application value for large area popularization.
Study on Key Problems at Power System Black Start
Authors: Guo Pei Ying , Yang Jian Biao , Li Cheng Zhe , Yuan Tian
Published: December 2012

Developing effective black start plans is significant to the rapid restoration from the power system blackout. This paper makes theoretical research in some key concerns of self-excitation, over-voltage, the impact of starting loads on the voltage and frequency, and stability of the initial small system. The paper also presents countermeasures against these problems. This overview should be very useful to utility operators involved in the development of black start plans.
Thermal Analysis of the Ideal Free-Piston Stirling Engine Model
Authors: Yang Peng , Xing Yu Ming
Published: December 2012

Free-piston Stirling engine is considered to be the most novel and revolutionary Stirling configuration. Schmidt analysis is used to describe the physical model of free-piston Stirling engine and to drive the formulation about thermodynamic parameters. The performance of free-piston Stirling engine has been analyzed. Finally it made a comparison between analysis calculation, experimental and numerical results.
Conduction from Longitudinal Fin of Rectangular Profile with Exponential Vary Heat Transfer Coefficient
Authors: Zhang Hua Jun , Sun Kun Feng
Published: December 2012

Fin widely used in industrial practice, and the surface heat transfer coefficient is not constant value. In this paper, through appropriate simplification, the mathematical model in Longitudinal Fin of Rectangular Profile has been established, When the surface heat transfer coefficient along the fin in the exponential changes. The exact solution of fin conduction has been get, and derived efficiency and the corresponding fin heat flux formula. And an example has been given to verify. The solution can be applied to engineering practice, and guided theoretical the heat transfer enhancement in the design of fin.
Optimization Designing of Jaw Crusher Teeth Plate Shape Based on the FEM Method
Authors: Li Shu Jun , Wan Xiao Hang , Dong Zhao Wei , Hou Wei Zhi
Published: December 2012

The quantity of jaw crusher teeth plate consumed in crashing process directly affects the costs. Based the FEM method, the 3-D jaw crusher teeth plate shape model is established in this paper. This paper studies the stress distribution laws with three types of teeth shape. Through contrasting the results of analysis and data of malfunction teeth plate, it is can be drawing that the stress distribution laws, which can be used in optimizating design of teeth plate shape. It extends the using life and improves the crushing efficiency.
A New Skeletal Chemical Kinetic Mechanism of Ethanol Combustion for HCCI Engine Simulation
Authors: Dai Qian , Guan Hua Ye
Published: December 2012

According to the detailed chemical kinetic mechanism of ethanol proposed by the U．S．Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, this paper analyzes the main approach of ethanol oxidation. Based on the detailed chemical kinetics mechanism, a skeletal chemical reaction mechanism is presented by reaction path analysis．Thus a simplified model is constructed, which consists of 26 species and 26 reactions．And then the comparative studies were given between the simplified model and the detailed model．The simulation results show that simplified model and detailed model have good consistency.
Large Power Hydraulic Spring Driver with Integrated Valve and Cylinder Used in High Voltage Switch
Authors: Su Dong Hai , Li Mei Mei , Liu Feng , Liang Quan
Published: December 2012

The new large power hydraulic spring driver used in high voltage switch is integrated with hydraulic valve and cylinder. The hydraulic valve is put into cylinder in the rectified structure so as to change all the axial seal to radial seal. Advanced control principle and main configuration make the new hydraulic spring driver many characteristics such as excellent performances, complete functions, reliable operation, good technics and small cubage. Expecialy, the self-protection ability solves the important tecnnique problem.
Control Strategy and Realization of Dual Fuel Engine with Intake Premixed Methanol on Turbocharging Diesel Engine
Authors: Du Jia Yi , Li Hai Ling , Zhang Deng Pan , Lu Yong Jia
Published: December 2012

Based on Methanol and diesel special combustion mode, a control strategy of methanol/diesel dual fuel engine on turbocharged DI diesel engine was introduced according to different operation conditions. A method of judging engine load by measuring intake manifold pressure was put forward. Bicubic interpolation method was adopted to optimize the control MAP for ensuring the coincidence between look-up table data and actual conditions. The feasibility of the control strategy is verified by bench test. And the results of test show that the economic performance of this dual fuel engine got a considerable improvement.
3D Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Electrically Controlled Injection Device for Gaseous Fuel Engine
Authors: Ge Wen Qing , Chang Si Qin , Liu Liang , Sun Bin Bin
Published: December 2012

To study the flow characteristics of the electrically controlled injection device (abbreviate ECID), 3D static and transient numerical simulation were studied during the injection process of electrically controlled injection device using computational fluid dynamic software FLUENT. Simulation results revealed that the flow of ECID was influenced by the injection valve diameter, valve lift and the pressure difference; gaseous fuel was still left after inlet valve closed; mixing quality of gaseous fuel and air gradually improved along the intake manifold.
Low Pressure Shaft’s Bear Vibration Treatment for a Supercritical Turbine
Authors: Liu Zhanhui , Luo Jianbin , Liu Jing Yu , Lu Yibing , Guo Yu Jie
Published: December 2012

The supercritical turbine, changed low pressure rotor’s blade in site, bear vibration over-proof seriously because of unbalance, reached rated speed after dynamic balance in site. The vibration of low pressure Ⅱshaft’s bear was still over-proof. And the bear vibration phase was anti-phase with the shaft vibration not only anti-phase but also in-phase. It was found that the bear vibration was highly related with the anti-phase component of shaft vibration after running date analysis. And the bear vibration was reduced obviously after the anti-phase component of shaft’s residual unbalanced mass reduced by dynamic balance in site.
The Research and Design of the Expert System of Air Compressor False Diagnosis
Authors: Chen Guang Jian , Jia Jin Ling
Published: December 2012

By the research of expert system design method and rough set theory, an expert system of equipment fault diagnosis has been established. The paper focuses on the description of designs on knowledge database, inference engine and explanation facility of the expert system and taking the air compressor vibration fault diagnosis as an example to analyse and validate. It shows that expert system can improve the system’s performance, improve system’s capacity and efficiency of diagnosis when rough set theory is applied to fault diagnosis.
Resistance Coefficient Research of the Train Air Supply Orifice
Authors: Wang Hai Ying , Li Chun Fang , Hu Song Tao , Song Lin
Published: December 2012

High-speed train air-conditioning systems put forward higher request on the aspect of air uniformity and comfort. The use of orifice which can form a more uniform velocity and temperature field in the car can be widely applied to high-speed train air-conditioning system. The experimental study of the influence of several different factors (such as the opening rate, aperture, orifice plate thickness, etc.) in the research may provide a reference for the design choices of the orifice type.
Analysis of Drive Performance of Servo System for Servo Press
Authors: Lu Wen Qi , Hu Yu Wen , Liu Hu , Shi Wei Min , Hu Xu Dong
Published: December 2012

Based on the constant speed driving mode of servo motor, analysis of capacitor energy storage device’s parameter design was made, and then a group of reasonable capacitor energy storage parameters were given. Based on the parameters, to realize variable speed driving and multi-adaptability of the press, it put emphasis on analysis of the servo driver’s control parameters and the press’s output ability. And important conclusion was also provided. To confirm the accuracy of the conclusion, the special permanent magnet AC servo system was designed and experiment was carried on it. The results prove that the designed capacitor energy storage device can satisfy the power and control request of press stamping. Analysis on control parameters of the servo driver and output ability of the press is reasonable, which provides the reference for the development of servo press’s flexibility.
Stress Analysis of Opening and Offset Nozzle on a Cylinder
Authors: Liu Qing Gang , Yu Xi Qi , Peng Pei Ying , Guo Yan Shu
Published: December 2012

FEA(Finite Element Analysis) has been used in the stress analysis of two geometry sizes of opening and offset nozzle, corresponding standards has been included, and the results show that the strength of the cylinder is fit for safety requirement. The stress analysis also shows that the stress distribution principles are not dependent to the sizes of the opening, but closely to the positions. At the same time the magnitude of stress is relative to the size of the opening and the nozzle. So, stress analysis should be conducted to every offset opening and nozzle to ensure the safety of the cylinder.
The Influence of Gas Source Conversion on Flow and Reliability of Gas Pipe Network
Authors: Zhao Lei , Yu Li Xin
Published: December 2012

Maximal operation pressure, minimal allowed pressure, number of source points have greatest impact on flow and reliability of pipe network. The change of the three design parameters before and after conversion are analyzed. Through the analysis of problems on the artificial gas pipeline network in Changchun City, point out that removing extra loops is the main optimization means. The hydraulic calculations have been made for optimized pipe network, and compares the flow capacity and hydraulic condition of the pipe network before and after conversion.
Flow Characteristic of a New Type of Double-Channel Air Burner in Direct Flow Pulverized Coal Boiler
Authors: Yang Jian Guo , Yu Hai Ming , Fan Li An , Zhao Hong
Published: December 2012

Tangentially-fired burner is widely used in pulverized coal boiler, but its air burner has some shortcomings, including the velocity of exit airflow weaken with the decrease of the opening degree of the air damper, leading to insufficient mixing between air and coal-powder. In view of the existing problems, a new type of double-channel air burner had been designed. Its flow field and adjustment characteristic were studied by using numerical simulation method. The results showed the double-channel air burner had effective flow adjustment characteristic which closely linearity. One of the channels could keep higher exit velocity when the air volume decrease and it could fulfill the demand of air adjustment better while in low NOx combustion or load variation.
Effect of Radial Compliance Mechanism on Rotor System and Bearing Load for Scroll Compressor
Authors: Zhao Man , Li Chao , Yu Shu Rong , Yu Yang
Published: December 2012

The imbalance caused by eccentric sleeve radial compliance mechanism rotor system is a main issue in scroll compressor. In this study, the mechanical model of the structure with the eccentric sleeve behind the orbiting scroll is established, the offset level of the main and second balance weight inertia force action line and inertia force action line of the eccentric weight, as well as the effect of this deviation on the second balance and the main and second bearing loads were investigated in terms of working principle, structure and loading. The results show that the structure has great influence on scroll compressor rotor system balance in reducing orbiting radius regulation. It is suggested that the correlated parameters should be optimized in designing radial compliance mechanism structure.
Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Different-Shaped Square Cylinders on Water Flow
Authors: Gu Jie , Wang Xiao Li , Chen Wei , Qin Xin , Ma Dan Qing , Yang Ji Zhong
Published: December 2012

A 3D numerical model was performed to simulate the different cases of the water flow across different-shaped square cylinders. Figures of streamlines and turbulent kinetic energy contour lines in different cases were obtained. Through the comparison of streamlines, the areas of strong turbulent kinetic energy and the strongest turbulent kinetic energy nucleus, the results indicated that,(i) two symmetrical vortexes were formed behind the regular quadrilateral square cylinder and the “⊥”-shaped square cylinder ,respectively, and the former were bigger than the latter .While the flow crossed the “±”-shaped square cylinder without forming vortex.(ii) When water flowed around different-shaped square cylinders, from the regular quadrilateral one, the “⊥”-shaped one to the “±”-shaped one, successively, the strong turbulent kinetic energy distribution area, in which turbulence kinetic energy value was above 18,gradually increased; while the strongest turbulence kinetic energy nucleus, whose value of turbulence kinetic energy was the largest among turbulence kinetic energy nucleuses in the strong turbulent kinetic energy distribution area, moved forward gradually and its area was smaller and smaller.
Study on Hydraulic Characteristic of Aerator with Side-Walls Sudden Enlargement in Free-Flow Spillway Tunnel
Authors: Wang Hai Yun , Yang Qing , Dai Guang Qing , Liu Chao
Published: December 2012

Engineering practices showed side-walls in free-flow discharge tunnels with high speed flows and low pressure tended to be damaged by cavitation, especially behind concave reach. In this paper through experiment an aerator with side-walls sudden enlargement and soleplate vertical dropping was introduced on the concave reach bottom of the Vertical-Bend free-flow spillway tunnel side-walls. By applying this type of aerator, air entrainment increases significantly and un-airflow areas disappear. Experimental observations show that lateral cavity and bottom cavity are linked to each other and the forced aeration forms behind the aerator, which protects sidewalls and soleplates against cavitation damage.
Automobile Air-Conditioner Control System Based on STC12C5A60S2 Single-Chip Microcontroller
Authors: Xiong Shu Sheng , Xie Lian , Zhou Sheng Kai , Ren Xiao Shuai , Xu Jin
Published: December 2012

Recent years, automobile air-conditioner control system is particularly important as the automobile air-conditioner is becoming an important indicator to measure the comfort of a car. This paper introduces the hardware and software design of the system based on STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller.The hardware design part includes the circuits design of motor and fan, and the software design part describes the way to realize the modes conversion function. Experiments show that the automobile air-conditioner system can reach high control accuracy and it's practical.
Thermodynamic Performance of an Actual Thermo-Acoustic Refrigeration Micro-Cycle
Authors: Wang Tuo , Wu Feng , Fei Jin Hua , Liu Ming Fang
Published: December 2012

Thermo-acoustic refrigerator is a new type of engine, which is based on the thermo-acoustic effect. A new model which expresses as an ellipse in pressure-volume diagram is established to investigate the thermodynamic performance of an actual thermo-acoustic refrigeration micro-cycle. The demarcation points of endothermic processes and exothermic processes in the actual micro-cycle are found. The analytic expressions of the dimensionless cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) are deduced. The relationship between the dimensionless cooling load and the COP are investigated by numerical examples. The results show that the dimensionless cooling load is a monotonically increasing function of the COP and the pressure amplitude.
The Energy Consumption Calculation of the Fan Coil Chilled Water System Based on Variable Chilled Water Temperature and Flux
Authors: Wang Gang
Published: December 2012

The article builds up the mathematics model about the fan coil chilled water system energy consumption. By the model, it calculates the energy consumption under the different flux ratio, the result shows that the optimal water parameter is different from the design parameter, it has relation with the chilled water pump head. When the pump head value is larger, adopting the smaller design flux’s parameter; when the pump head value is smaller, adopting the larger design flux’s parameter. So to make the energy consumption minimum, the water parameter should be computered.
Simulation and Analysis on Operating Characteristics of Central Exhaust System in High-Rise Residential
Authors: Li Gang , Wang Yue Ren , Feng Guo Hui , Jiang Ming Zhi , Liu Qian
Published: December 2012

Operating characteristics of variable cross section area of main duct in the main-branch central exhaust system was simulated based on various stories, operation rate and cross section area of main duct by FLUENT. The results show that there are certain obvious induced flow in the lower part of the system when the users in the upper floor work in the central exhaust system,and the internal pressure of main duct appears low- high-low trend in the system from the bottom to the top floor. The maximum pressure position is not in the bottom, but in the middle and lower floor of the system, where is the most disadvantageous floors of the exhaust system. It indicates that 400 mm x 500 mm is the necessary cross section area of main exhaust duct for 10 layers buildings,and 400 mm x 750 mm is the necessary one for 20 layers buildings.
Optimal Capacity-Load-Ratio Research of the Multi-Voltage Distribution Network
Authors: Li Zhen Kun , Liu Da Wei , Wei Chun Feng , Fu Yang
Published: December 2012

The optimal capacity-load-ratio has great significance to the distribution network’s planning. It’s an important technical indicator of Transforming Capacity Adequacy. In this paper, optimal capacity-load-ratio of multi-voltage distribution network is researched. The cost of construction and operation of distribution network is set as the optimization objective and the reserve life of substation is considered as an optimization variable. The impacts of distributed load factor, the safety operation index, the average power factor of transformer and reserve coefficient of load development are all analyzed. In optimization objective, the construction costs, maintenance cost, energy consumption cost, resource consumption cost and residual value are considered respectively. Finally, a local distribution network in the area of East China is taken as the simulation example and the optimal capacity-load-ratio of this distribution network is calculated. The simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the model established in the paper for distribution network planning.
Multiple Bad Data Identification Based on Partition and Partition Re-Combination
Authors: Zang Jia Yi , Li Chang Yun , Zhang Wei , Yu Tian Dong , Li Yan Hong
Published: December 2012

As the existing methods can not effectively identify multiple bad data, this paper presents a method based on grid partition to detect bad data, and then uses partition re-combination method to identify bad data.
IEC 61968 Standard-Based Distribution Systems Integration Solutions and Application Research
Authors: Wu Jun Xing , Zhang Pan , Yu Jian Cheng
Published: December 2012

Based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) technology, following the IEC 61968 standards, This paper presents a program of building Distribution System of Information Exchange Bus (IEB); Study on the integration strategy of the Tianjin Eco Park Distribution Automation System (DAS), Dispatching Automation System, Production Management system and Geographic Information System (GIS) etc.; The information exchange between various systems and the specific processes on outage management application rely on the IEB bus was also presented.
Synthetic Risk Assessment of Catastrophic Event in Power System Based on Uncertainty
Authors: Feng Jing , Xiao Xian Yong , Ma Chao
Published: December 2012

The risk assessment incorporate the severity as well as the possibility of event, however synthetic severity index weight coefficient is setting up subjectively in existing catastrophic event risk assessment. To overcome the uncertainty of the weight setting in conventional synthetic risk assessment, this paper introduces the entropy method to determine the weight objectively. Based on the existing severity measure matrix, the weight coefficient of severity indicator is generated by the entropy weight method combined with fuzzy membership function, furthermore proposing a catastrophic event assessment mathematical model and method based on uncertainty. The simulation of the local power grid proved that the proposed method is with correctness and objectivity, provided with engineering value.
Comparative Research on Power Quality Control Technology in Distribution System
Authors: Lv Jin Bing , Wang Shou Xiang , Liu Yun
Published: December 2012

As the power quality problem has become the world focus, DFACTS devices which are used to improve the power quality problems in distribution system are widely used in power system. Every typical DFACTS equipment were reviewed, including the APF, DSTATCOM, DVR, SSTS and so on, their function and advantages were compared and summarized in this paper. Finally, some test cases were carried out in the PSCAD / EMTDC environment to simulate their effects, and then the future of their development was discussed.
A Review of Islanding Detection Method of Grid-Connected PV Power System
Authors: Zhou Xue Song , Wu Jia Rui , Ma You Jie
Published: December 2012

With the increasing of the capacity of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power system, islanding detection becomes more prominent and significant. At present, islanding detection methods used in grid-connected photovoltaic system can be divided into passive detection methods and active detection methods these two categories, which can also be divided into a variety of methods. This paper shows a comprehensive review of islanding detection methods, classifies the methods of islanding detection, analyzes the principles and characteristics of various islanding detection methods, indicates their appropriate situations, and pointes out the prospect of islanding detection methods. In practical applications, according to the actual situation, selects one or more islanding detection methods can attain better detection effect.
New Method of Measuring the Positive Sequence Parameters of Transmission Lines under Strong Interference Condition
Authors: Hu Zhi Jian , Liu Xue Feng , Yang Juan , Li Chuan Qi
Published: December 2012

An approach to measure the positive sequence parameters of transmission lines based on harmonic method is introduced. The mathematical model and measurement procedure of the new method are explained in detail. The hardware structure of the measuring system based on GPS is given. The simulation results show that the new method can satisfactorily meet the need of measuring the positive sequence parameters of transmission lines under strong interference condition.
The Application of Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Power System Load Forecasting
Authors: Zhao Yu Hong , Zhao Xue Cheng , Cheng Wei
Published: December 2012

The support vector machine (SVM) has been successfully applied in the short-term load forecasting area, but its learning and generalization ability depends on a proper setting of its parameters. In order to improve forecasting accuracy, aiming at the disadvantages like man-made blindness in the parameters selection of SVM, In this paper, the chaos theory was applied to the PSO (particles swarm optimization) algorithm in order to cope with the problems such as low search speed and local optimization. Finally, we used it to optimize the support vector machines of short-term load forecasting model. Through the analysis of the daily forecasting results, it is shown that the proposed method could reduce modeling error and forecasting error of SVM model effectively and has better performance than general methods.
Study on the Distribution Line Condition Monitoring Method Based on Real-Time Measurement Data
Authors: Liang Jia Wen , Wang Xin Tao , Shi Li , Yang Jia
Published: December 2012

To develop an economic and effective online monitoring method is necessary as the normal running of distribution line is critical to ensure the reliability of power system. And the distribution line state monitoring technology improved steadily nowadays, the monitoring of operating status can be achieved by using online monitoring devices. However, its installation and maintenance cost a lot, it is poor in economy. A new method, in which line resistance was selected as a reference quantity, was proposed in this article. The monitoring of distribution line running status can be realized by analyzing the line resistance value that calculated by real-time measurement data. The method improves the utilization of information system and requires no additional investment costs. And the example verified the validity of the method; it is possible to learn about the operational status timely through analyzing the changes in line resistance value.
The Research of a Fast and Effective Splitting Boundary Serarching Method for Power System
Authors: Han Yu Hang , Li Wen Li , Xu Gang Gang , Bo Ming Ming
Published: December 2012

It is possible to prevent collapse of whole post-fault power system, which is in unstable condition, by determining the splitting boundary to calm down system oscillation. A fast splitting boundary-searching method for power system controlled islanding is presented in this paper. The aim of this method is that the generation load imbalance in each island is as small as possible. The method contains three phases: firstly, domain of each generator is formed according to power flow tracing algorithm; secondly, initial splitting boundary is determined based on generators’ grouping information; thirdly, the final splitting boundary is got based on initial splitting boundary. A program is developed based on the method. Simulations on IEEE 118-bus power system show the proposed method is effective and fast.
Coordinated Optimization and Control Technology between Active and Reactive Power
Authors: Li Ya Ping , Wang Ke , Zeng Dan
Published: December 2012

As the coupling between active and reactive power is enhanced along with the expansion of the grid scale and the AC-DC hybrid operation, voltage stability is not only closely related to reactive power, but also related to active power. By the constraints of generator power circle and its operating limits, the mechanism of interaction between the active and reactive power is clarified. Also, the hierarchy structure of coordinated optimization and control technology between them is established, and an improved AGC control strategy consideration to static voltage stability is proposed. By optimizing the active power output of the AGC unit, the dynamic reactive power reserve capacity of each unit is improved and the system voltage is supported. The strategy is verified through a variety of experiments on the IEEE-39 bus system.
Numerical Simulation of the Last Stage in the Nuclear Half-Speed Turbine
Authors: Wang Sheng Long , Wu Hong Hui , Song Tong Hui
Published: December 2012

Wetness is one of the important parameters of the relationship with the turbine operating efficiency and safety. Wetness is determined by the number of small water droplets in the steam, and the nucleation rate on the formation of small droplets has a direct relationship.The nucleation rate is difficult to through experiments measured. This article through numerical simulation obtained the distribution of the nucleation rate and supercooling degree.
Reservoir Sensitivity Analysis of L Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Zhi Ping
Published: December 2012

L Oilfield construct as a whole for a wide and gentle anticline, the constructor East steep west slow in constructing the eastern part of the main part of the fault development of the western fault is relatively small, types of traps are faulted anticlines. Type of reservoir rock, siltstone and fine sandstone, sandstone and conglomerate, fine-grained sandstone and siltstone; deposition rhythm is rhythm, including a counter-rhythm, uniform rhythm; Cretaceous reservoir deposition mainly delta plain distributaries channel, the deposition of the Jurassic reservoir delta front, subaqueous distributaries channel and mouth bar; cretaceous reservoir average porosity of 19.3%, average permeability of 30 × 10 - 3μm2, in holes, low permeability reservoir sand body has a more serious layer, flat heterogeneity; Jurassic reservoir average porosity 26%, average permeability of 323 × 10-3μm2 to belong to the hole. in permeability reservoir. Water injection to maintain reservoir pressure development, research to determine the reservoir formation pressure to maintain the level of 0.83 times the original pressure, the initial development technology boundaries with more than 1.2 compensates water injection system pressure of 35MPa.
Corrosion Behavior of Zinc under the Combined Layer of Electrolyte
Authors: An Bai Gang , Sun Hai Feng , Li Li Xiang
Published: December 2012

By constructing a novel electrochemical cell, the corrosion behavior of pure zinc under the combined layer of 3 wt% sodium chloride electrolyte consisting of an open layer connected with a confined one was studied. The results show that a galvanic corrosion cell is formed once the zinc being covered by the combined layer of electrolyte, where the zinc under the open layer (named as open-Zn) plays as the cathode but the zinc under the confined layer (named as confined-Zn) as the anode, therefore the latter presents the higher corrosion rate. Furthermore, because ions transfer between the open layer and confined layer become difficult, the hydrolysis of excessive zinc ions in the confined electrolyte results the acidification of electrolyte and thus also accelerates the corrosion of confined-Zn. The critical thickness for corrosion of zinc under the combined layer is 105 μm where corrosion rate for both of the open-Zn and confined-Zn reach the maximum.
Experimental Study on the Al2O3 Absorption Rate of RH Refining Slag
Authors: Zhang Cai Jun , Wang Jing , Zhu Li Guang
Published: December 2012

The effect of different composition of refining slag on absorption rate of Al2O3 has been tested by experimental method in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaF2-FeO-MnO-P2O5 refining slag. The result shows: under specified condition, CaO/Al2O3 between 1.4 and 1.7, the slag has higher absorption rate of Al2O3,The absorption rate of Al2O3 raised with the increase of the content of CaF2 when the content of CaF2 less than 8%; the absorption rate of Al2O3 increased with the increase of the CaO/SiO2 when the CaO/SiO2 less than 3.5; the maximum absorption rate of Al2O3 is 0.0226 g•cm-2•min-1 when CaO/SiO2=3.48, MI=0.124.
Remanufacturing Research on Recycling Products of Machinery and Equipment Base on ERM
Authors: Yin Ying
Published: December 2012

In the product design process，according to the environmentally responsible manufacturing principle to carry out remanufacturing engineering design，to achieve the purpose of reducing the amount of raw materials, energy conservation and protect the environment, remanufacture is a systemic engineering to consider the product life cycle, which can prolong the life of the product, optimize product design, achieve minimum cost of product life-cycle and maximum efficiency and minimum environmental pollution ultimately.
Analysis of HDR Power Generation Technology
Authors: Guo Yong Cun , Cheng Gang , Hu Kun , Wang Peng Yu
Published: December 2012

As human overexploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels such as mining resources, the global environment has been severely polluted and damaged, which also poses a threat to human's health. So it is full of demands for renewable and clean energy sources. At present R & D of new energy is also increasing emphasised around the world. HDR as a renewable clean geothermal resources, with large reserves, widely distributed, heat, environmentally friendly development, through the heat exchange technology for power generation, which has a strong potential value.To actively develop new energy and promote the application of HDR power generation technology,we start from the basic characteristics of the HDR, and explore the basic principles of HDR power generation, the key technologies and the development of economic conditions. Meanwhile combined with the geographical characteristics of the environment in China, from the perspective of integration of subject resources,finally we constructively put forward a three-stage strategy for HDR power generation development plan.
Impacts of Tourism Development in Ban had Rin Community at Koh Phangan Island, Thailand: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective
Authors: Phongphanich Nara , Mao Guan Guay , Yen Tsair Bor
Published: December 2012

This paper documents the problems and impacts of the tourism development in Ban Had Rin Community at Koh Phangan Island. The study focuses on sustainable tourism including the environment, socio-culture and economic aspects. This study investigates the qualitative data from the second-hand materials as the Thailand government’s publication, research papers and website on tourism involved in the phase one, and the first-hand materials as the field survey to assess the impacts of tourism on the community in the phase two. In conclusion, the study suggests that if tourism development will be successful, Ban Had Rin Community should be planned and managed in a sustainable manner.
Study on Present Situation of Eco-City Construction in the Perspective of Ecological Civilization
Authors: Liu Ke Bin , Li Hai Bo , Li Ying Hua , Wang Xin
Published: December 2012

The construction of eco-city is meant to harmonize the social, economical and natural development, with high-efficiency use of the material, energy and information. Eco-city is the inevitable choice of a city development in future. It is very important to explore the eco-city construction in the context of ecological civilization. In the background of ecological civilization, the relationship between ecological civilization and eco-city construction is explored. Furthermore, the importance of eco-city construction has been discussed. Finally, the eco-city theories and practical experiences abroad are summarized and some opinions and advices on eco-city construction in Shenyang, China are given.
Analytic Network Process with Variable Weights for Evaluating Power Plants
Authors: Sun Yong He , Duan Wan Chun , Ji Jing
Published: December 2012

When the technology, sustainment and economic are evaluated by applying traditional analytic hierarchy process (TAHP), there are two drawbacks at least. First, many interaction mechanisms among evaluation criteria cannot be recognized for assuming the independence of elements within a level as in a hierarchy. Second, the way of paired comparisons used in TAHP tortures every evaluation expert during constructing lots of pared comparison matrices under the situation of the concept of relative importance weight being fuzzy so far. To overcome the above drawbacks, a new approach of analytic network process (ANP) with variable weights (VWs) is proposed to evaluate the complex issue of selecting the proper power plant. Finally, the mechanism of VWs and disadvantages of the new approach are also given in this paper.
A Comparison Study of Industrial Structure Transformation Capacity of Resource-Based Cities in China West
Authors: She Yan Shuang , Li Meng Gang , Sha Jing Hua
Published: December 2012

The sustainable development of resource-based cities is a hot issue in China. This paper will focus on the industrial structure of sustainable development. There is close relationship between regional economic development and industrial structure transformation Capacity. Comparison research of cities’ regional industrial structure capacity will help to understand variation status and potential of regional industrial structures. With principal components analysis, this paper based on the regional industrial structure comparison theory, analyzed industrial structure transformation Capacity of 20 resource-based cities in China west. It will provide references for promoting optimization and upgrading of regional industrial structure, making regional industrial development strategy, improving environmental conditions, and enhancing local economic development.
A Novel Indicator for Assessing the Spatial Sustainability of Cities in Developing Countries - A Case Study of Xi’an City
Authors: Ding Xiao Hui , Zhang Shuo Xin , Zhong Wei Zhou , Jiang Yu
Published: December 2012

The geographical dimension of urbanization is of major importance in depicting the influences of urbanization on the development of a city, since complex social-ecological systems interact in a multitude of ways at many spatial scales across time. This research introduced an indicator for assessing the spatial sustainability of a city from the perspective of landscape ecology, to provide a reasonable way for quantifying the spatial dynamic of the urban area of a city and how close the pattern of urban expansion close to a ‘compact’ way. A case study has been done in Xi’an. With the application of remote sensing technology, landscape ecology and other necessary software, the spacial sustainability of Xi’an from 1988 to 2010 were calculated, the rapid urbanization in Xi’an has significantly promoted the spatial sustainability of city from 1988 to 2000 and 2006 to 2010, whereas exerted negative effects on the spatial sustainability of the city from 2000 to 2006.
Productive Performance Analysis in Taiwan Energy Companies: Application of DEA Malmquist Index
Authors: Liu Wen Bin , Wongchai Anupong , Yotimart Darunee , Peng Ke Chung
Published: December 2012

Taiwan has actively promoted the strategy of energy efficiency for all companies and organizations. The government has set a target of energy efficiency of 33% by 2025. This research applied DEA malmquist index to assess technical efficiency, and to reveal trends of productivity change in Taiwan energy companies. The DEA malmquist index is a distinguished research method using to measures productivity change over time period. The proposed method can be decomposed into two components, technical change and technological change. A panel data was collected from Taiwan Stock Exchange Market recorded 2008-2011. The research was illustrated with financial data of selected companies, and their productivity was carefully analyzed. The empirical results showed that the technical efficiency of five energy companies performed efficiently with the highest score of 1.000. An average technical efficiency score was pretty high with 0.938. Moreover, trend in productivity change regressed due lack of technological improvement.
Analysis of the Relevancy between Energy Consumption and Environmental Pollution Based on Grey Theory
Authors: Lu Si Xi , Zhou Qing Zhong , Fan Rong
Published: December 2012

In order to analyze the relationship between energy consumption and environmental pollution, grey theory has been applied. By making use of the correlative statistic data, inherent grey relevancy between energy consumption and environmental pollution of China has been discussed as an example, and different impact degrees that various energies consumption have on environmental quality of China has been ascertained by calculating the grey relevancy degree. The results show that fuel oil, coal, coal oil, crude oil and gasoline are the energy varieties that have great impact on environmental quality, while natural gas has less impact on environmental quality. In the end, energy consumption development strategies that can improve environmental quality have been put forward to offer scientific gist for adjusting energy consumption structure, improving environmental quality and actualizing sustainable development between energy consumption and environment.
Analysis on Sedimentary Environment of Bauxite in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen Area, Northern Guizhou
Authors: Cui Tao , Jiao Yang Quan , Wang Xiao Mei
Published: December 2012

The sedimentary environment of bauxite in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen Area has been debated for a long time. Through research on the element B, the sedimentary characteristics of bauxite, the distribution of four different natural types of bauxite and reference paleogeographic data we concluded that bauxite in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen Area was a typical sedimentary deposit, with a provenance mainly from south-west. Bauxite was formed in an anoxic bay, which was partly closed and open to north. The sedimentary environment shifted between lacustrine and bay environments, accompanying frequent transgression and regression cycles.
Research on Protection and Reuse of Industrial Heritage and Environment in Shenyang
Authors: Wang Xiao Yu , Lan Xin Ying , Zheng Xin Lu
Published: December 2012

As a historically famous city, Shenyang boasts of a wealth of industrial heritage which, however, is suffering destructions. Based on the introduction to the general situation and the characteristics of the industrial heritage and environment in Shenyang, this paper proposes the specific measures and approaches to protecting and reusing industrial heritage and environment with a view to intensifying the efforts in protection. The specific measures and approaches includes two fields: Protection and conservation(overall protection and conservation, partial protection and conservation, and components retention); and Reuse and re-creation(an industrial museum to be built in Shenyang, a gallery of industrial culture to be built, factory building with large span to be rebuilt into store, supermarket, gym or theater，some normal factory buildings to be rebuilt into apartment , hotel or office buildings，and the structure with special form can be transformed into amusement facilities in park and city landmarks).
Research on Diagenetic Facies of Low Permeability Reservoir: A Case Study of the Yanchang Formation in Longdong Area, Ordos Basin
Authors: Fu Jing , Wu Sheng He
Published: December 2012

Based on data of cast thin section, cathode luminescence and scanning electron microscope, the present paper comprehensively investigated the types and quantitative intensity of reservoir diagenesis of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong area of Ordos Basin, distinguished the types of diagenetic facies from the aspect of quantitative index. The intensity calculation and classification of compaction, cementation and dissolution indicates that the Yanchang Formation of Longdong area experienced strong compaction including medium to strong compaction and extremely strong compaction locally for the high contents of matrix. There is great difference in cementation intensity which presents mainly in weak cementation with local medium to strong cementation. Dissolution is strong in study area mainly in medium to strong. The reservoir could be divided into eight types of diagenetic facies, including medium compaction with strong dissolution face, medium compaction with medium dissolution face, medium compaction with medium cementation and medium dissolution face, strong compaction with strong dissolution face, strong compaction with medium dissolution face, medium compaction with strong cementation face, strong compaction with strong cementation face and extremely strong compaction face. The reservoir quality of different diagenetic facies has a significant difference.
A Formalism Knowledge and Research Framework for the Field of Microclimate and Urban Form Studies
Authors: Hu You Pei
Published: December 2012

There is a close connection between urban forms and microclimates. Shaping an urban form with good climate performance is meaningful for sustainable development. However, there is a professional gap between the field of microclimate and urban form studies and the urban form design practice, which impedes the transformation of research achievements from the former to the latter and has an impact on the orientation of the research issues. This paper adopts a perspective of design-oriented formalism to construct a knowledge and research framework for the field. On the one hand, it presents the researches and knowledge in this field in a form that is easy to be understood by designers; on the other hand, it intends to reveal the design-oriented research path and issues.
Synergistic CO2 and Air Pollution Reduction Based on Multi-Objective Programming
Authors: Chang Wen Tao , Wen Juan , Bao Jing Ling , Li Ran
Published: December 2012

With increasing frequency of hazards caused by global climate change, the importance of regulating carbon dioxide emission and coping with climate change has been recognized by the entire society. This paper utilized an Energy Flow Diagram to incorporate the energy supplies, conversion and final consumption for analyses. A multi-objective programming model was established to reduce the economic investment on the reduction of air pollution and carbon emission, and applied in a case study of Tianjin, one of the economic hubs of North China. This study can be potentially useful for making decisions on the synergistic CO2and air pollution reduction and solving conflicts between economic development and environmental protection in China.
Model Research of CO2 Emissions Characteristics of China’s Industrial Sectors
Authors: Ning Ya Dong , Ding Tao , Zhang Chun Bo
Published: December 2012

This paper calculated CO2emissions of China’s three industries, industry, construction, light industry, heavy industry and industrial trades on the basis of the statistical data from 1990 to 2010.The factors, influencing the CO2emissions change of industrial sectors, were decomposed into economy factor, structure factor, efficiency factor and emission factor through the complete decomposition model. And then the effect of these factors over years was quantitatively analyzed. The analysis results showed that, firstly, China’s industrial sectors’ CO2emissions were mainly from the secondary industry whose emissions were from industry mostly. And further, the industry’s CO2emissions were mostly from heavy industry, mainly the six major trades. Secondly, economy factor contributed to the CO2emissions increase. Structure factor and emission factor acted insignificant roles in CO2emissions reduction. And China’s CO2emissions reduction relied mainly on efficiency factor during the inspection period. And finally, changing the mode of economic growth is an effective way to slow down the rapid growth of China’s CO2emissions. Both structure factor and efficiency factor have fine effect to CO2emissions reduction, and the structure factor gets even more obvious.
Analysis on the Influence Factors of CO2 Emission in France - Based on LMDI Approach
Authors: Wang Shuo
Published: December 2012

This article uses Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Method (LMDI) to analyze influence factors of emission in France during last 50 years, including energy use, GDP, carbon density, energy structure and population. Energy structure problem is proposed at the end of the article.