bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/polyethylene terephthalate blends on dimensional stability, morphological, physical and mechanical properties and after aging at elevated temperature
Authors: Oral Mehmet A , Ersoy Osman G , Serhatli Ersin İ
Published: April 2018

A melt blending method was used to prepare acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer and polyethylene terephthalate blends to develop a new blend which can withstand higher temperatures required especially for automotive or home appliance paint curing processes. Blends were characterized by rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. Dimensional stability at 125°C was used to correlate with injection molded part shrinkage. The melt viscosity–composition curves for acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/polyethylene terephthalate blends exhibited a trend like the rule of mixtures in which adding acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene to polyethylene terephthalate improved the processability. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed different morphologies depending on the composition such as dispersed, co-continuous and phase inverted, which indicated that the binary blends were immiscible and form a two-phase structure. Tensile properties increased with an increase in the polyethylene terephthalate content while the unnotched impact strength reached a maximum at 40 wt.% acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene content. In differential scanning calorimetry analysis, no partial miscibility was observed from the polyethylene terephthalate phase melting temperature shifts as compared to those of the neat component. Also, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene phases acted as nucleating agents due to change in polyethylene terephthalate cold crystallization temperature. In applied post shrinkage measurements by heat aging, we saw that the acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene dimensional stability was improved with added polyethylene terephthalate.
Chemical and behavioral integration of army ant-associated rove beetles – a comparison between specialists and generalists
Authors: von Beeren Christoph , Brückner Adrian , Maruyama Munetoshi , Burke Griffin , Wieschollek Jana , Kronauer Daniel J. C.
Published: April 2018

Host-symbiont interactions are embedded in ecological communities and range from unspecific to highly specific relationships. Army ants and their arthropod guests represent a fascinating example of species-rich host-symbiont associations where host specificity ranges across the entire generalist - specialist continuum. In the present study, we compared the behavioral and chemical integration mechanisms of two extremes of the generalist - specialist continuum: generalist ant-predators in the genusTetradonia(Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Athetini), and specialist ant-mimics in the generaEcitomorphaandEcitophya(Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Ecitocharini). Similar to a previous study ofTetradoniabeetles, we combined DNA barcoding with morphological studies to define species boundaries in ant-mimicking beetles. This approach found four ant-mimicking species at our study site at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. Community sampling ofEcitonarmy ant parasites revealed that ant-mimicking beetles were perfect host specialists, each beetle species being associated with a singleEcitonspecies. These specialists were seamlessly integrated into the host colony, while generalists avoided physical contact to host ants in behavioral assays. Analysis of the ants’ nestmate recognition cues, i.e. cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), showed close similarity in CHC composition and CHC concentration between specialists andEciton burchellii forelihost ants. On the contrary, the chemical profiles of generalists matched host profiles less well, indicating that high accuracy in chemical host resemblance is only accomplished by socially integrated species. Considering the interplay between behavior, morphology, and cuticular chemistry, specialists but not generalists have cracked the ants’ social code with respect to various sensory modalities. Our results support the long-standing idea that the evolution of host-specialization in parasites is a trade-off between the range of potential host species and the level of specialization on any particular host.
The emerging role of the microbiota in the ICU
Authors: Wolff Nora Suzanne , Hugenholtz Floor , Wiersinga Willem Joost
Published: April 2018

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2018. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2018. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Fecal microbiota transplantation against intestinal colonization by extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae: a proof of principle study
Authors: Singh Ramandeep , de Groot Pieter F. , Geerlings Suzanne E. , Hodiamont Caspar J. , Belzer Clara , Berge Ineke J. M. ten , de Vos Willem M. , Bemelman Frederike J. , Nieuwdorp Max
Published: April 2018

Objective

Infections with multidrug-resistant microorganisms are associated with increased hospitalization, medication costs and mortality. Based on our fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experience for Clostridium difficile infection, we treated 15 patients carrying ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-EB) with FMT. Seven patients underwent a second FMT after 4 weeks when ESBL-EB remained, amounting to a total number of 22 transplants. The objective was decolonization of ESBL-EB.

Results

Three out of fifteen (20%) patients were ESBL-negative at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after the first transplant, while six out of 15 (40%) were negative after the second transplant. Comparison of fecal microbiota at baseline and 4 weeks after FMT revealed restoration of microbial diversity after FMT and a microbial shift towards donor composition. Finally, we suggest several possible factors of response to therapy, such as donor-recipient microbiota match and number of FMTs. Therefore, FMT can be an effective treatment in patients carrying ESBL-EB. Response may be determined by microbiota composition and number of FMT procedures.

Trial registration ISRCTN ISRCTN48328635 Registered 11 October 2017, retrospectively registered
Problems recruiting and retaining postnatal women to a pilot randomised controlled trial of a web-delivered weight loss intervention
Authors: Haste Anna , Adamson Ashley J. , McColl Elaine , Araujo-Soares Vera , Bell Ruth
Published: April 2018

Objective

This paper highlights recruitment and retention problems identified during a pilot randomised controlled trial and process evaluation. The pilot trial aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a web-delivered weight loss intervention for postnatal women and associated trial protocol.

Results

General practice database searches revealed low rates of eligible postnatal women per practice. 16 (10%) of the 168 identified women were recruited and randomised, seven to the intervention and nine to the control. 57% (4/7) of the intervention women completed 3 month follow-up measurements in comparison to 56% (5/9) in the control group. By 12 months, retention in the intervention group was 43% (3/7), with 2/7 women active on the website, in comparison to 44% (4/9) of the control group. Interview findings revealed the web as an acceptable method for delivery of the intervention, with the suggestion of an addition of a mobile application. Alternative recruitment strategies, using health visitor appointments, midwifery departments or mother and baby/toddler groups, should be explored. Greater involvement of potential users should enable better recruitment methods to be developed.

Trial registration ISRCTN: ISRCTN48086713, Registered 26 October 2012
When social computing meets soft computing: opportunities and insights
Authors: Hao Fei , Park Doo-Soon , Pei Zheng
Published: April 2018

The characteristics of the massive social media data, diverse mobile sensing devices as well as the highly complex and dynamic user’s social behavioral patterns have led to the generation of huge amounts of high dimension, uncertain, imprecision and noisy data from social networks. Thanks to the emerging soft computing techniques which unlike the conventional hard computing. It is widely used for coping with the tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation. One of the most important and promising applications is social network analysis (SNA) that is the process of investigating social structures and relevant properties through the use of network and graph theories. This paper aims to survey various SNA approaches using soft computing techniques such as fuzzy logic, formal concept analysis, rough sets theory and soft set theory. In addition, the relevant software packages about SNA are clearly summarized.
Multiple drug resistance and biocide resistance in Escherichia coli environmental isolates from hospital and household settings
Authors: Ghanem Bothyna , Haddadin Randa Nayef
Published: April 2018

Background

Antibiotic resistance of environmental Escherichia coli in hospitals could be increased due to extensive use of biocides resulting in serious infections. In this study, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of environmental isolates of E. coli from hospitals and household settings were evaluated and compared. In addition, the association between biocide minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and multiple drug resistance (MDR) was investigated.

Methods

Environmental samples were collected from different homes and hospitals in Amman, Jordan. The isolates were identified phenotypically and by PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility tests and MIC of selected biocides were performed on the isolates. Screening for blaCTX-M group 1 was also performed.

Results

Of 21 E. coli strains isolated, 47.6% were MDR and 67.9% were phenotypically identified as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The occurrence of these ESBL isolates was comparable between household and hospital settings (P > 0.05). The MIC values of the biocides tested against all isolates were well below the in-use concentration of biocides. Moreover, the MICs of biocides were comparable between isolates from households and those from hospitals (P > 0.05). No association was found between MDR and biocide MIC (P > 0.05). Most of ESBL isolates harboured blaCTX-M 1.

Conclusions

The extensive use of biocides in hospitals is not associated with MDR nor does it affect the MIC of biocides against E.coli.
Everybody loves beauty? The moderated effect of body attractiveness among young Koreans
Authors: Baek Eunsoo , Choo Ho Jung
Published: April 2018

Physical attractiveness affects people’s lives in numerous ways. This study examined the effect of a woman’s body attractiveness on favorability perception based on the ‘beauty-is-good’ stereotype in the context of South Korea. Body attractiveness was operationalized using tallness in Study 1 and slimness in Study 2. The two studies tested the effect of a woman’s body attractiveness with the consideration of participants’ gender and the dependence of participants’ self-worth on their appearance. A general linear model with a 2 (target woman’s bodily attractiveness: high vs. low) × 2 (participants’ gender: female vs. male) design and participants’ appearance-contingent self-worth as a continuous predictor was performed. Results of these studies indicated that participants’ gender and appearance-contingent self-worth moderated the positive effect of body attractiveness on favorability perception; specifically, this effect was supported by men with high appearance-contingent self-worth and women with low appearance-contingent self-worth. Interestingly, women with high appearance-contingent self-worth showed opposite effect of body attractiveness on favorability perception in Study 2. These findings extend the effect of the beauty-is-good stereotype to bodily aspects and address the interaction between participants’ gender and appearance-contingent self-worth. Discussions on tallness and slimness are provided.
The effect of thermal insulation pads on heat flux, physical effort and perceived exertion during endurance exercise in cool environments
Authors: Wenger Sebastian , Csapo Robert , Hasler Michael , Gatterer Hannes , Wright Tom , Nachbauer Werner
Published: April 2018

To determine the effects of thermal insulation pads on clothing surface temperature, physical effort and perceived exertion during endurance exercise in cool environments two different pants (PCOOL, PINSUL) were designed: PCOOL (Insulation: 0.055 clo) was made of a thin base material while PINSUL (Insulation: 0.131 clo) featured additional insulation pads covering ~ 30% of its surface, which were placed over the working leg muscles. Two sets of experiments were performed to compare both pants: Study A was completed in 10 active sportsmen who were instructed to run on a treadmill for 45 min at 60% of their maximal running velocity (vmax) at 7 °C. In study B, 8 endurance athletes completed the run with 70% vmax at 0 °C. Lower and upper body clothing surface temperatures (TLB, TUB), auditory canal temperature, blood lactate, heart rate, subjects´ loss of body mass and perceived exertion were measured. In both studies TLB was found to be lower with PINSUL, reflecting smaller heat loss due to the better thermal insulation. However no significant differences between pants were found for auditory canal temperature, blood lactate, heart rate, subjects´ loss of body mass or perceived exertion. Inserting insulation pads into sports apparel is a practicable approach to limit heat emission from working muscles during endurance exercise in the cold without impairing overall body-heat dissipation. However, under the environmental conditions and exercise intensities tested in this study, the thermal insulation of leg muscles failed to significantly affect parameters reflecting physical effort or perceived exertion.
Is-there a place for vagus nerve stimulation in inflammatory bowel diseases?
Authors: Bonaz Bruno
Published: April 2018

The vagus nerve (VN), the longest nerve of the organism that innervates the gastrointestinal tract, is a mixed nerve composed of 80% of afferent and 20% of efferent fibers. The VN has anti-inflammatory properties, in particular an anti-TNFα effect through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The VN is a key component of the autonomic nervous system, i.e. the parasympathetic nervous system. An imbalance of the autonomic nervous system, as represented by a low vagal tone, is described in many diseases and has a pro-inflammatory role. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract where TNFα is a key cytokine. VN stimulation (VNS), classically used for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy and depression, would be of interest in the treatment of IBD. We have recently reported in a 6 month follow-up pilot study that VNS improves active Crohn’s disease. Preliminary data of another pilot study confirm this interest. Similarly, VNS has recently been reported to improve rheumatoid arthritis, another TNFα mediated disease. Bioelectronic Medicine, as represented by VNS, opens new therapeutic avenues in the treatment of such chronic inflammatory disorders. In the present manuscript, we will focus on the interest of VNS in IBD.
Disorders of the Cauda Equina
Authors: Goodman Brent P.
Published: April 2018

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Conditions that affect the cauda equina are a diverse group of disorders that require timely recognition and management. This article reviews cauda equina anatomy, the diagnostic approach to disorders of the cauda equina, features of cauda equina syndrome, and diskogenic and nondiskogenic disorders of the cauda equina.

RECENT FINDINGS

Establishing clinical criteria for cauda equina syndrome has been a focus of a number of reviews, although the clinician must maintain a low threshold for emergent imaging in cases of suspected cauda equina syndrome because of the suboptimal reliability of various signs and symptoms in identifying this condition clinically. The timing of surgical intervention for compressive causes of cauda equina dysfunction remains a point of contention, although urgent decompression remains standard practice. A recent review that focused on outcomes in patients with cauda equina compression who underwent surgical decompression identified significant residual deficits in patients despite appropriate and timely intervention. Autoimmune conditions targeting the cauda equina have been increasingly recognized, including chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy and chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy.

Disorders that affect the cauda equina require thoughtful and timely clinical examination and diagnostic testing to establish a definitive cause and an appropriate treatment approach.
Neoplastic Myelopathies
Authors: Wu Jing , Ranjan Surabhi
Published: April 2018

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article discusses the diagnosis and management of neoplasms that affect the spinal cord as well as spinal cord disorders that can occur due to cancer treatments.

RECENT FINDINGS

Neoplastic myelopathies are uncommon neurologic disorders but cause significant morbidity when they occur. Primary spinal cord tumors can be classified into intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, or extradural tumors. Diffuse gliomas and ependymal tumors are the most common intramedullary tumors. Diffuse gliomas include the World Health Organization (WHO) grade II and grade III astrocytomas, the grade II and grade III oligodendrogliomas, the grade IV glioblastomas, and newly recognized pediatric diffuse midline gliomas with H3 K27M mutation. The majority of diffuse and anaplastic astrocytomas are IDH-mutant tumors, whereas only 10% of glioblastomas are IDH-mutant. Oligodendrogliomas are typically IDH-mutant and are characterized by the molecular signature of 1p/19q codeletion. Nine distinct molecular subgroups of ependymomas have been identified based on their genetic features and location. NF2 mutations are frequently found in spinal cord ependymomas. Metastatic tumors are the most common tumors of the spine and can be extradural, leptomeningeal, or, rarely, intramedullary. Extradural metastatic spinal cord compression is a neurologic emergency and should be promptly diagnosed as pretreatment neurologic status dictates the posttreatment outcome.

Neoplastic myelopathies encompass many diagnoses ranging from benign and malignant spinal tumors to paraneoplastic syndromes heralding cancers. The knowledge of the clinical features and management of neoplastic myelopathies is essential to practicing neurologists as early diagnosis and treatment can prevent devastating neurologic sequelae.
Myelopathies Due to Structural Cervical and Thoracic Disease
Authors: Stino Amro Maher , LoRusso Samantha J.
Published: April 2018

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

The article discusses the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach to myelopathies occurring as a consequence of structural cervical and thoracic spine disease.

RECENT FINDINGS

The exact pathophysiologic basis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy remains somewhat elusive. Diffusion-tensor imaging has emerged as a useful imaging modality that correlates more closely with clinical severity than standard MRI. Baseline disease severity, symptom duration, age, presence of impaired gait, and smoking status are significant factors related to surgical outcomes.

Advances in neuroimaging and the development of evidence-based algorithmic approaches to surgical intervention will likely further improve the outcomes of patients with spinal cord dysfunction from structural cervical and thoracic disease.
Metabolic and Toxic Myelopathies
Authors: Schwendimann Robert N.
Published: April 2018

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Myelopathy may occur as a consequence of various metabolic and toxic conditions. This article provides an update on the clinical presentations, diagnostic evaluations, and management of metabolic and toxic myelopathies.

RECENT FINDINGS

Myelopathy and myeloneuropathy due to vitamin B12deficiency is increasing in prevalence partly because of an aging population. Early recognition of the clinical symptoms and rapid initiation of treatment is essential. Copper deficiency is now also recognized as causing a similar clinical picture as vitamin B12deficiency. Conditions leading to copper deficiency include bariatric surgery and excessive zinc intake. Unusual conditions such as lathyrism and konzo are relevant to all neurologists because of emigration from less well-developed countries. Myelopathy can also occur from substance abuse (eg, heroin and nitrous oxide), and early diagnosis could lead to improved patient outcomes. The spinal cord may also be injured in decompression illness that occurs in sport divers and individuals who work in pressurized atmospheres.

Knowledge and recognition of the various metabolic and toxic causes of myelopathy is important for the practicing neurologist, as timely diagnosis and rapid initiation of therapy is essential to improve the chances for recovery.
Infectious Myelopathies
Authors: Grill Marie F.
Published: April 2018

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article reviews bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens associated with myelopathy. Infectious myelopathies may be due to direct infection or parainfectious autoimmune-mediated mechanisms; this article focuses primarily on the former.

RECENT FINDINGS

Some microorganisms exhibit neurotropism for the spinal cord (eg, enteroviruses such as poliovirus and flaviviruses such as West Nile virus), while others are more protean in neurologic manifestations (eg, herpesviruses such as varicella-zoster virus), and others are only rarely reported to cause myelopathy (eg, certain fungal and parasitic infections). Individuals who are immunocompromised are at increased risk of disseminated infection to the central nervous system. Within the last few years, an enterovirus D68 outbreak has been associated with cases of acute flaccid paralysis in children, and emerging Zika virus infection has been concurrent with cases of acute flaccid paralysis due to Guillain-Barré syndrome, although cases of myelitis have also been reported. Associated pathogens differ by geographic distribution, with myelopathies related toBorrelia burgdorferi(Lyme disease) and West Nile virus more commonly seen in the United States and parasitic infections encountered more often in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Characteristic CSF and MRI patterns have been identified with many of these infections.

A myriad of pathogens are associated with infectious myelopathies. Host factors, geographic distribution, clinical features, CSF profiles, and MRI findings can assist in formulating the differential diagnosis and ultimately guide management.
Juvenile hormone reveals mosaic developmental programs in the metamorphosing optic lobe ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Riddiford Lynn M. , Truman James W. , Nern Aljoscha
Published: April 2018

The development of the adult optic lobe (OL) of Drosophila melanogaster is directed by a wave of ingrowth of the photoreceptors over a two day period at the outset of metamorphosis which is accompanied by the appearance of the pupal-specific transcription factor Broad-Z3 (Br-Z3) and expression of early drivers in OL neurons. During this time, there are pulses of ecdysteroids that time the metamorphic events. At the outset, the transient appearance of juvenile hormone (JH) prevents precocious development of the OL caused by the ecdysteroid peak that initiates pupariation, but the artificial maintenance of JH after this time misdirects subsequent development. Axon ingrowth, Br-Z3 appearance and the expression of early drivers were unaffected, but aspects of later development such as the dendritic expansion of the lamina monopolar neurons and the expression of late drivers were suppressed. This effect of the exogenous JH mimic (JHM) pyriproxifen is lost by 24 hr after pupariation. Part of this effect of JHM is due to its suppression of the appearance of ecdysone receptor EcR-B1 that occurs after pupation and during early adult development.
Adenylyl cyclase A mRNA localized at the back of cells is actively translated in live chemotaxing Dictyostelium
Authors: Wang Weiye , Chen Song , Das Satarupa , Losert Wolfgang , Parent Carole A.
Published: April 2018

Dictyostelium discoideum cells transport adenylyl cyclase A (ACA)-containing vesicles to the back of polarized cells to relay exogenous cAMP signals during chemotaxis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments showed that ACA mRNA is also asymmetrically distributed at the back of polarized cells. By using the MS2 bacteriophage system, we now visualize the distribution of ACA mRNA in live chemotaxing cells. We found that the ACA mRNA localization is not dependent on the translation of the protein product and requires multiple cis-acting elements within the ACA-coding sequence. We show that ACA mRNA is associated with actively translating ribosomes and is transported along microtubules towards the back of cells. By monitoring the recovery of ACA–YFP after photobleaching, we observed that local translation of ACA–YFP occurs at the back of cells. These data represent a novel functional role for localized translation in the relay of chemotactic signals during chemotaxis.
Silicon Pillar Structure Assisted Three Dimensional Carbon Nanotube Assembly: Fabrications and Rational Surface Modifications
Authors: Chen Rui , Kang Jihoon , Kang Minsung , Lee Haedong , Lee Haiwon
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we review the recent research progress on Si pillar assisted hierarchical three dimensional (3D) carbon nanotube structures focusing mainly on the rational modification of the 3D network of single-walled carbon nanotube (3DNC) structures and its potential applications. Compared with conventional carbon nanotube (CNT) based microstructures which have been studied by other researchers, the 3DNC attract more attention because of its unique hierarchical structure which is comprised of interconnected CNTs between Si pillars. Functionalization of CNTs without destroying the hierarchical 3D structure of 3DNC is always a challenge. Physical and chemical vapor depositions, electrochemical depositions, polymer coating, and capillary force induced self-assembly have been applied for the surface modification of 3DNC. Those modified 3DNC structures have been applied to various research areas, like signal enhancement, microfluidic chips, energy storage, catalysis, and sensors, because of their unique hierarchical 3D structures. We also introduce some synthetic works on the capillary force induced wall-shaped CNT structures on pillar substrates.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among the children aged 18-36 months in a rural community of Bangladesh: A cross sectional study
Authors: Akhter Shaheen , Hussain A.H.M Enayet , Shefa Jannatara , Kundu Gopen Kumar , Rahman Fazlur , Biswas Animesh
Published: April 2018

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of complex neurodevelopment disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior and difficulties with social communication and interaction. In Bangladesh, autism in children is a significant burden of disease. Early identification of ASD could improve quality of life. The study has explored at the prevalence of ASD among rural community children aged between 18-36 months.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the 5286 children aged between 18-36 months in a rural community. Household level data was collected using screening tool MCHAT. Primarily screening positive 66 children were invited for final diagnosis in a health camp. Diagnosis was made by different staging started from primary screening, followed by validation using MCHAT and flash card. Final diagnosis was made by the paediatric neurologists, child clinical psychologists and development therapist using diagnostic tools (DSM-IV & ADOS).

Results: 04 children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prevalence of the ASD in rural community was found 0.75/1000 children. Among the four ASD cases three were boys and one was girl and age range was between 20- 30 months. Whereas, the highest prevalence rate found was for the cerebral palsy which was 5.6/1000 children and Developmental delay (2.6/1000) was the next to that.

Conclusions: Age specific autism (18-36 months) in children is found higher in rural community of Bangladesh. In order to get more comprehensive information on autism in other age groups of children in rural community, further study is required. Early detection in rural community could help the policy makers to decentralization of health services among the ASD children in rural community.
Cytoglobin, neuroglobin, and acetylcholinesterase activity in rat brain as adaptation responses to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: Masengi Angelina Stevany Regina , Farhan Fanny Septiani , Mulyawan Wawan , Sadikin Mohamad , Mudjihartini Ninik , Jusman Sri Widia A.
Published: April 2018

Background: Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia is suggested to possess a protective effect toward the hypoxic condition. The aim of this study is to analyze the expression of cytoglobin (Cygb), neuroglobin (Ngb) and the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain tissue as adaptive responses to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia.

Methods: Twenty-five adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 5 groups: 1) The control group (normoxia); 2) group exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH); 3) group exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) on day-1 and re-exposed on day-8 (intermittent hypobaric hypoxia once or IHH1x); 4) group that is exposed to HH on day-1, re-exposed to HH on day-8 and day-15 (intermittent hypobaric hypoxia two times or IHH2x); 5) group exposed to HH on day-1, re-exposed to HH on day-8, day-15 and day-22 (intermittent hypobaric hypoxia 3x or IHH3x). Homogenized brain tissue was then measured and analyzed for Cygb and Ngb protein expression, and also AChE specific activity.

Results: Cytoglobin and Ngb were decreased in the acute induction and increased significantly along with the increasing frequency of the IHH induction. There were significant differences in Cygb expression between IHH2x and IHH3x groups compared to normoxia group, and between IHH1x, IHH2x and IHH3x compared to AHH group. There were significant differences in Ngb expression between IHH2x and IHH3x groups compared to normoxia group and between IHH2x and IHH3x groups compared to AHH group. The specific activity of AChE was increased significantly since the first induction of AHH, but then decreased in IHH3x. There were significant differences in the specific activity of AChE between IHH2x and IHH3x groups compared to normoxia and between IHH2x and IHH3x groups compared to IHH1x groups.

Conclusions: We conclude that IHH, especially IHH3x, seems to induce the protective adaptive response in the rat brain tissue through the changes of these three parameters.
СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ КАК УПРАВЛЯЕМЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС
Authors: Konyaeva Elena Alexandrovna , Tsyplakova Svetlana Anatolyevna , Gritsenko Natalia Evgenievna
Published: April 2018

В процессе исследования авторами определено, что под социальным проектированием понимается процесс развития социальных объектов, процессов и социальные качеств, а также отношений с учетом различных противоречий, многовариантности развития, отсутствие возможности описания объектов социального характера определенными терминами любой социальной теории, субъективные факторы формирования социального ожидания, прогноза, использования разных критериев оценки зрелости развития социального объекта. Рассмотрение социальных процессов направлено на внесение изменений в социальную среду человека. Выявлено, что социальное проектирование выделяет группу условий, позволяющих конструировать социальное будущее: учет альтернативных стратегий развития систем и процессов, учет внутренних социальных ресурсов, учет системы «внешних» вызовов для выбора наиболее значимого варианта развития, учет возможности реализации одних и тех же целей разными средствами.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ У ШКОЛЬНИКОВ ЗДОРОВОГО ОБРАЗА ЖИЗНИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ
Authors: Pronyushkina Tatyana Gennadevna , Ukolova Olga Nikolaevna
Published: April 2018

Обучение здоровому образу жизни должно происходить как в рамках существующих образовательных программ, при условии выделения в каждой дисциплине ценностного, познавательного, нормативного и деятельностного компонентов здоровьесберегающего содержания, так и на специальных уроках здоровья и во внеурочное время.Разработанная теоретическая модель, с учётом изученных научно-теоретических основ здорового образа жизни детей, будет способствовать успешной работе специалистов. Временные этапы использования данной модели не ограничены.Цель. Изучение особенностей и обеспечение условий формирования установки на здоровый образ жизни у школьников в условиях образовательного учреждения.Метод или методология проведения работы. Изучение литературы по данной проблеме, анализ, беседа, тестирование, обобщение и интерпретация данных, моделирование социальных процессов.Результаты. Одним из вариантов обучения и воспитания здоровому образу жизни у школьников в условиях образовательного учреждения является внедрение специальных междисциплинарных модульных программ.Область применения результатов. Материалы, основные положения и выводы исследования могут быть использованы в практике работы современного образовательного учреждения.
CRIME E GLOBALIZAÇÃO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE CRIMES TRANSNACIONAIS E A COOPERAÇÃO JURÍDICA INTERNACIONAL NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: Galícia Caique Ribeiro
Published: April 2018

O presente trabalho apresenta algumas considerações sobre a manifestação do fenômeno da globalização e suas interferências na dinâmica de uma nova forma de criminalidade, denominada transnacional. Nesse panorama, superada essa primeira etapa, expõe os principais contornos conceituais acerca da cooperação jurídica internacional em matéria penal, pois é a ferramenta processual útil para cumprir o propósito da persecução penal tanto permitindo a colheita de dados para acusação como assegurando os direitos fundamentais do acusado. Desta forma, o objetivo principal foi apresentar os standards conceituais dos institutos mencionados, permitindo o desenvolvimento de novas pautas de pesquisa científica para o tema. Metodologicamente o trabalho foi orientado a partir da análise bibliográfica desde uma visão complexa e transdisciplinar.
NEOINSTRUMENTALISMO DO PROCESSO? - EXPANSÃO DOS MÉTODOS ATÍPICOS DE RESOLUÇÕES DE CONFLITOS
Authors: Cambi Eduardo , De Lima Corrales Eluane
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo pretende examinar os diversos meios alternativos de resolução de conflitos à luz do Neoconstitucionalismo e do Neoprocessualismo. A problemática reside no questionamento: como o Neoconstitucionalismo e o Neoprocessualismo contribuíram para o maior acesso à justiça e à maior efetividade na resolução de conflitos? A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir do método de abordagem qualitativo, com método de procedimento bibliográfico. Foram analisados aspectos históricos e as principais características do Neoconstitucionalismo e Neoprocessualismo, bem como suas influências sobre os meios alternativos de resoluções de conflitos. Em seguida, são estudadas a mediação, conciliação, arbitragem, justiça restaurativa e as constelações sistêmicas.
ARGUMENTACIÓN JURÍDICA SISTÉMICA INTERDISCIPLINARIA: UNA NUEVA MANERA DE FUNDAMENTAR DE MODO CONTUNDENTE Y EFICAZ
Authors: Manrique Jorge Isaac Torres
Published: April 2018

El artículo discute la argumentación jurídica sistémica interdisciplinaria. Proponemos elevar a la argumentación jurídica a un nivel completo e integral. Esto es, dotar de una suerte de herramienta que facilite y asegure un análisis y fundamentación total, completa, en procura de alcanzar una debida como esperada administración de justicia, en justicia propiamente dicha
Is practice placement capacity helping the NHS to recruit healthcare professionals?
Authors: Hellawell Michael , Graham Claire , O'Brien Caroline
Published: April 2018

Practice placements are a fundamental aspect of preparing students for working in the NHS and will influence where, and in what specialities, students work. Additionally, NHS leaders now consider the issue of recruitment and retention of NHS staff to be as serious as concerns over funding. NHS Providers have outlined the issues although there appears to be little, or no, consideration in terms of plans required for the most immediate future workforce. It is hypothesised that there is link between student healthcare placement capacity and workforce gaps. The policy of increasing training places and of funding practice placements may have a positive effect on practice placement provision and if so contribute to increasing the NHS workforce, but without further detail this impact remains unknown. Along with most aspects of service delivery, planning practice placements using the best available evidence will ensure that the impact on service delivery is minimised while maximising the experience for the next generation of NHS employees.
IMCAS 2018: the global aesthetics community assembles in the City of Light
Authors: Barton Cheryl
Published: April 2018

Despite dramatic scenes of flooding in France's capital city, thousands of delegates made their way to IMCAS 2018 at Palais des Congrès de Paris to learn about the latest treatments and techniques from a vast array of experts. Following her time at this congress, Cheryl Barton put pen to paper to share both the highlights from the event and some top tips for those who will be attending in 2019
Advice on managing another practitioner's patient in a non-emergency
Authors: Senior Yvonne
Published: April 2018

As the number of aesthetic treatments continues to rise, the ability of aesthetic practitioners to deliver safe and successful outcomes has been seen to vary. This has resulted in patients seeking a second opinion from another practitioner, prompting them to question whether they should become involved in their care. Yvonne Senior covers key points to consider when reflecting on this complex issue
Building psychological resilience in the paramedic
Authors: Hayes Catherine
Published: April 2018

Paramedics face the need to be critically introspective, reflective and reflexive every working day. Their work involves not only the functional need to clinically assess, diagnose and manage critically ill and injured members of the public, but also a situated responsiveness to the scenes of severe trauma and death. Few other professions demand such an acute degree of personal and professional resilience; an underpinning education is therefore pivotal to facilitate the development of this resilience to equip and ensure an effective healthcare workforce. For all paramedics, the need to facilitate deconstruction of their experience and meaning-making from constituent aspects of paramedic practice, culture and context is a central element of their capacity for resilience, as well as their psychological ability to recognise and apply coping strategies in their everyday roles. This affective domain learning has been embedded across academic curricula and traditionally taught via methods such as role play, inquiry-based learning, and simulation. The current article presents gamification as another potential methodology for inclusion in undergraduate curricula that can provide the future workforce with transferable skills of reflection and reflexivity in situational responsiveness. LEGO®Serious Play®and narrative storytelling are used to illustrate this discussion; a technique that originates from business and leadership teaching and learning methodologies, but the origins of which lie in the philosophy of social constructionism. An adaptation of Gilbert's Multi-Modal Compassionate Mind Training is used to illustrate how LEGO®Serious Play®might facilitate the construction of affective domain learning for resilience in paramedic practice.
Same work, different oppression: Stigma and its consequences for male and transgender sex workers in Portugal
Authors: Oliveira Alexandra
Published: April 2018

The main social and institutional approaches to prostitution in Portugal conceptualize it as involving female sex workers and male clients and as a form of victimization. This view evidences gender stereotypes, is disempowering, denies rights and stigmatizes sex workers. However, in the case of men, transgender or homosexual in commercial sex, the oppressive mechanisms can multiply and be reinforced due to the stigma associated with being in the wrong body or gay. Thus, to be a man, a transgender or a homosexual prostitute can indicate a double or triple stigma, which stresses gender violence. In this article, based on empirical data, we discuss these issues with reference to the context and reality of sex work in Portugal.
Prevention of gender violence and working against LGBT prejudices: The intersection between collective action and institutional dynamics
Authors: Rosa Fernando André , Magalhães Maria José , Rodríguez-Castro Yolanda , Lopez Rita
Published: April 2018

This study compares two public campaigns against LGBT prejudices: ‘Dislike Homophobic Bullying’, by CIG, the Portuguese governmental mechanism for citizenship and gender equality; and the performative action ‘Exorcise the Pathologization’, included in the Portuguese branch of the international campaign Stop Trans Pathologization 2012. Using critical discourse analysis (CDA) and visual analysis (VA), we conclude that gender violence is a cross-cultural and structural problem embracing a wide range of forms of violence against women and LGBT people in Portugal. It is grounded in a dominant culture where gender is socially constructed as polarized, complemented by the performativity of discourse, the intersectional and institutional power relations underlying social practices. We demonstrate how public campaigns against homophobia and transphobia can contribute to de-naturalizing the gender divide and gender regime, and thus to changing the cultural ground of gender violence. However, without deconstructing gender, they are at risk of reproducing gender hierarchies.
Sumario
Authors: El taco en la brea El taco en la brea
Published: April 2018

Sumario
Handling von Offsetting-Verträgen – ein MPDL-Werkstattbericht
Authors: Schlachter Michael , Sikora Adriana
Published: April 2018

Offsetting-Verträge sind ein konkretes Instrument der Open-Access-Transformation. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Einblick in die Arbeit mit den bestehenden Offsetting-Verträgen der Max Planck Digital Library. Von der Identifikation berechtigter Artikel bis zu Reporting und Rechnungsbearbeitung werden alle Prozesse, Arbeitsabläufe, Herausforderungen und Probleme, die bei der praktischen Umsetzung dieser neuartigen Pilot-Vereinbarungen entstehen, dargestellt und die Notwendigkeit einer Automatisierung der Prozesse wird aufgezeigt.
On-chip photonic microsystem for optical signal processing based on silicon and silicon nitride platforms
Authors: Li Yu , Li Jiachen , Yu Hongchen , Yu Hai , Chen Hongwei , Yang Sigang , Chen Minghua
Published: April 2018

The explosive growth of data centers, cloud computing and various smart devices is limited by the current state of microelectronics, both in terms of speed and heat generation. Benefiting from the large bandwidth, promising low power consumption and passive calculation capability, experts believe that the integrated photonics-based signal processing and transmission technologies can break the bottleneck of microelectronics technology. In recent years, integrated photonics has become increasingly reliable and access to the advanced fabrication process has been offered by various foundries. In this paper, we review our recent works on the integrated optical signal processing system. We study three different kinds of on-chip signal processors and use these devices to build microsystems for the fields of microwave photonics, optical communications and spectrum sensing. The microwave photonics front receiver was demonstrated with a signal processing range of a full-band (L-band to W-band). A fully integrated microwave photonics transceiver without the on-chip laser was realized on silicon photonics covering the signal frequency of up 10 GHz. An all-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) de-multiplier was also demonstrated and used for an OFDM communication system with the rate of 64 Gbps. Finally, we show our work on the monolithic integrated spectrometer with a high resolution of about 20 pm at the central wavelength of 1550 nm. These proposed on-chip signal processing systems potential applications in the fields of radar, 5G wireless communication, wearable devices and optical access networks.
Der Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde (FID GEO):
Authors: Achterberg Inke , Bertelmann Roland , Elger Kirsten , Hübner Andreas , Pfurr Norbert , Schüler Mechthild
Published: April 2018

Der Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde (FID GEO), betrieben durch die Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SUB) Göttingen und die Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein am GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) Potsdam, entwickelt diverse Angebote in den Bereichen E-Publizieren, Forschungsdaten und Digitalisierung. Auf der Homepage www.fidgeo.de sind die Services zusammengestellt. Auf dem Publikationsserver des FID GEO, GEO-LEOe-docs, werden Inhalte dauerhaft frei zugänglich angeboten. Für die Publikation von Forschungsdaten über den FID GEO steht das Repositorium GFZ Data Services zur Verfügung. FID GEO kooperiert eng mit den geowissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften.
Targeted Advertising on Competing Platforms
Authors: Gong Qiang , Pan Siqi , Yang Huanxing
Published: April 2018

This paper studies targeted advertising in two-sided markets. Two platforms, with different targeting abilities, compete for single-homing consumers, while advertising firms are multi-homing. Ads overall impose negative externalities on consumers. When the targeting ability of the advantaged platform increases, (i) the advantaged platform will have more advertising firms, attract more consumers, and become more profitable, but its ad price and total volume of ads could either increase or decrease; (ii) the disadvantaged platform will have fewer advertising firms, attract fewer consumers, have fewer ads in total, increase its ad price, and become less profitable; (iii) all consumers will be better off. Finally, we compare social incentives and equilibrium incentives in investing in targeting ability, and find that underinvestment is most likely to occur.
Combustion Characteristics and Laminar Flame Speed of Premixed Ethanol-Air Mixtures with Laser-Induced Spark Ignition
Authors: Xu Cangsu , Zhong Anhao , Wang Chongming , Jiang Chaozhao , Li Xiaolu , Zhou Kangquan , Huang Yuqi
Published: April 2018

Laser-induced spark-ignition (LISI) has an advanced ignition technique with a few benefits over spark ignition. In this study, flame morphology, laminar flame characteristics and combustion characteristics of premixed anhydrous ethanol and air mixtures were investigated using LISI generated by a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser (wavelength: 1064 nm). Experiments were conducted in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) at the initial condition of T0=358 K and P0=0.1 MPa, respectively, and with equivalence ratios (ɸ) of 0.6-1.6. Flame images were recorded by using the high-speed Schlieren photography technique, and the in-vessel pressure was recorded using a piezoelectric pressure transducer. Tests were also carried out with spark ignition, and the results were used as a reference. It has been found that the laminar flame speed of ethanol-air mixtures with LISI was comparable with those of spark ignition, proving that ignition methods have no influence on laminar flame speed which is an inherent characteristic of a fuel-air mixture. The peak laminar burning velocities for LISI and spark ignition with nonlinear extrapolation methods were approximately 50 cm/s at ɸ=1.1. However, LISI was able to ignite leaner mixtures than spark ignition. The maximum pressure rise rate of LISI was consistently higher than that of spark ignition at all tested ɸ, although the maximum pressure was similar for LISI and spark ignition. The initial combustion duration and main combustion duration reached the minimum at ɸ=1.1.