bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical alteration of 238Pu-loaded borosilicate glass under saturated leaching conditions
Authors: Zubekhina Bella Yu. , Shiryaev Andrei A. , Burakov Boris E. , Vlasova Irina E. , Averin Alexey A. , Yapaskurt Vasily O. , Petrov Vladimir G.
Published: June 2019

Highly radioactive 238Pu-doped and non-radioactive samples of borosilicate glass with chemical compositions and synthesis routine similar to SON68 glass were studied under static saturated leaching conditions in distilled water at 90 °C. Dramatic differences in behavior of the radioactive and model glasses were observed. On time scale of 4 months the radioactive glass is fully covered by mechanically unstable alteration layer, possibly consisting of aluminum hydroxides with small fraction of a separate secondary Pu bearing phase. The model glass remains virtually pristine. Addition of Eu3+ into the glass allowed examination of the glass radio- and photoluminescence and to assess changes or REE3+ impurity local environment during self-irradiation and leaching. Photoluminescence spectra suggest more ordered local environment of europium ions in the alteration “gel” than in the bulk glass. Peculiar behavior of the photoluminescence spectra excited at different laser power is observed for the alteration layer and is ascribed to optical bleaching of color centers.
Electron beam flue gas technology for SOx and NOx simultaneous removal: its process and chemistry evolution from power plants to diesel off-gas treatment
Authors: Zwolinska Ewa A. , Sun Yongxia , Chmielewski Andrzej G.
Published: June 2019

Environmental pollution is one of the most important problems in present-day society. Governments and international organizations try to mitigate this problem by enforcing strict laws concerning the emission of certain pollutants. This process is especially rapidly applied concerning air pollution. In the past, the main focus was placed on the regulation of the energy sector and of land-based transportation emissions, as they produce the vast majority of pollutants. Today, the emphasis is shifted toward marine-based transportation, as it is anticipated that after the year 2020, the emission from sea-based sources (with respect to sulfur and nitrogen oxides) will exceed the land-based emission. One of the technologies that have been successfully implemented in industries to decrease the level of air pollution caused by NOx and SOx is electron beam flue gas treatment. This review shows the chemical principles of this method as well as the chemical engineering issues and its development and modifications to suit the changing needs of industries worldwide.
Excitation/inhibition imbalance and impaired neurogenesis in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Lopatina Olga L. , Malinovskaya Natalia A. , Komleva Yulia K. , Gorina Yana V. , Shuvaev Anton N. , Olovyannikova Raisa Y. , Belozor Olga S. , Belova Olga A. , Higashida Haruhiro , Salmina Alla B.
Published: June 2019

The excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance controls the synaptic inputs to prevent the inappropriate responses of neurons to input strength, and is required to restore the initial pattern of network activity. Various neurotransmitters affect synaptic plasticity within neural networks via the modulation of neuronal E/I balance in the developing and adult brain. Less is known about the role of E/I balance in the control of the development of the neural stem and progenitor cells in the course of neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Recent findings suggest that neural stem and progenitor cells appear to be the target for the action of GABA within the neurogenic or oligovascular niches. The same might be true for the role of neuropeptides (i.e. oxytocin) in neurogenic niches. This review covers current understanding of the role of E/I balance in the regulation of neuroplasticity associated with social behavior in normal brain, and in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Further studies are required to decipher the GABA-mediated regulation of postnatal neurogenesis and synaptic integration of newly-born neurons as a potential target for the treatment of brain diseases.
P. Louvre E 7856 C: A Possible Memorandum about Tax Payment from the Eisenlohr Lot
Authors: Heel Koenraad Donker van
Published: June 2019

First publication of P. Louvre E 7856 C, a documentary fragment from the archive of Djekhy & Son (abnormal hieratic and early demotic P. Louvre E 7832-7861, bought together with Ptolemaic demotic P. Louvre E 7862), which shows both abnormal hieratic and early demotic traits. It was most probably written in the reign of Amasis, and may have been a receipt for the payment of the tax of the overseer of the necropolis (HD mr-X#s.t) or – perhaps more likely – a memo about the payment of this (or another) tax.
Garstang Stela E.31 and the Family of Iy at Abydos
Authors: Twiston Davies Huw P. R. , Nielsen Nicky
Published: June 2019

Publication of E.31, a Middle Kingdom stela from cenotaph 321 A’07, discovered by John Garstang at Abydos, currently housed in the Garstang Museum of Archaeology, University of Liverpool. The stela contains information about the family of the Bearer of Soil Iy at Abydos in the late Middle Kingdom, adding to Simpson’s ANOC 19. The archaeological context of the object is explored, and a full translation of E.31 is provided, as well as discussion of a heavily fragmented stela (321d) found in the same context by Garstang.
La3Ni4Al2: a new layered aluminide
Authors: Zaremba Nazar , Schepilov Yurij , Nychyporuk Galyna , Hlukhyy Viktor , Pavlyuk Volodymyr
Published: June 2019

The new ternary compound La3Ni4Al2 has been synthesized and the crystal structure has been studied by X-ray single crystal diffraction. La3Ni4Al2 is the first aluminide, crystallizing in the La3Ni4Ga2-type. The crystal structure of La3Ni4Al2 consists of La-layers and hetero-atomic Ni/Al layers, sequentially alternating along the a axis (pseudo-hexagonal c axis). According to electronic structure calculations using the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method in the atomic-sphere approximation (TB-LMTO-ASA), strong Al–Ni interactions have been established. The coordination polyhedra for the Al atoms are cuboctahedra, whereas the bicapped square prism and bicapped square antiprism are typical for nickel atoms. The lanthanum atoms are enclosed in pseudo Frank–Kasper polyhedra.
What We Really Know About Biosynthesis of Cellulose from Ficus palmate: A Novel Biomass Production
Authors: Alam Sultan , Rehman Noor , Mian Inamullah , Ullah Hidayat
Published: June 2019

Current research attention has been motivated on the successful synthesis of cellulose from biomass waste of Ficus palmate through multistep process i.e. bleaching and alkali treatment to efficiently eradicate impurities, waxy substances like pectin, cutin, waxes, extractives, hemicellulose and lignin from F. palmate. The cellulose obtained was analyzed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The isolated cellulose has high degree of purity and crystallinity (61%) and thermal stability as verified by XRD and TGA, respectively. SEM was used for surface morphology and shape. Highly visible pores with channels were detected on the surface. Moreover it also shows that the free surface from lignin and hemicelluloses due to chemical treatment. This study indicates that the multistep procedure is quite adequate for the extraction of cellulose.
Effect of Hydrothermal Reaction Time on Electrical, Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite
Authors: Majid Farzana , Nazir Amarah , Ata Sadia , Bibi Ismat , Mehmood Hafiz Shahid , Malik Abdul , Ali Adnan , Iqbal Munawar
Published: June 2019

Cobalt ferrite was synthesized by hydrothermal route in order to investigate the effect of hydrothermal reaction time on structural, magnetic and dielectric properties. The synthesized cobalt ferrite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VMS). XRD data analysis confirmed the formation of cubic inverse spinel ferrite for complete time series as the high intensity peak corresponds to cubic normal spinel structure. The ionic radii, cation distribution among tetrahedral and octahedral sites, lattice parameters, X-ray density, bond lengths were also investigated cobalt ferrite prepared at different hydrothermal reaction time. The crystallite size was found to be in the range of 11.79–32.78 nm. Tolerance factor was near unity that also confirms the formation of cubic ferrites. VSM studies revealed the magnetic nature of cobalt ferrite. The coercivity (1076.3Oe) was observed for a sample treated for 11 h. The squareness ratio was 0.56 that is close to 0.5 which shows uniaxial anisotropy in cobalt ferrite. Frequency dependent dielectric properties i.e. dielectric constant, AC conductivity, tangent loss and AC resistivity are calculated with the help of Impedance Analyzer. Intrinsic cation vibration of cubic spinel ferrites are confirmed from FTIR analysis in the range of 400–4000 cm−1. In view of enhanced properties, this technique could possibly be used for the synthesis of cobalt ferrite for different applications.
Particle Strength of Calcareous Sand in Nansha Islands, South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Jia-ming , Duan Mo-dong , Wang Dian-long , Zhang Yufei
Published: June 2019

Single particle strength is the main factor that influences particle breakage. In order to explore particle strength characteristics and the relationship between the strength and size of calcareous sand from the South China Sea, single particle crushing tests were conducted using self-made test equipment. Hundreds of particles (0.72–3.12 mm) divided into three groups of different sizes were used to perform the test. The results show that the strength characteristics of the particles were similar to those of a typical brittle material and were lower than that of quartz sand. Under flat unconfined compression, two types of uniaxial compressive force–displacement curves were defined according to the tests, related to the shape and structure of the calcareous sand particles. Statistical data analysis shows that the calcareous sand particles’ strength is in good agreement with the Weibull distribution. The particle crushing strength decreases as the particle diameter increases. Different shapes of calcareous sand particles show different strength characteristics. In addition, the mineral composition, microstructure, distribution of inner voids and fracture are related to the particle strength of calcareous sand.
On the Use of Kurtosis Control Methods in Shaker Testing for Fatigue Damage
Authors: Steinwolf A. , Cornelis B. , Peeters B. , Van der Auweraer H. , Rivola A. , Troncossi M.
Published: June 2019

Random vibration testing with increased kurtosis introduces high peaks into shaker drive signals to simulate land vehicle vibration more accurately and also to shorten the required test time. Two methods of controlling kurtosis by phase manipulation in the inverse fast Fourier transform were implemented, tested, and compared. The first method generates high-kurtosis excitations with a gradual, smooth pattern of peak heights from low to high, and the second method produces isolated high peaks with intervals of stable background vibration between them. When applying a kurtosis increase for accelerated fatigue damage testing, the kurtosis control method must be able to pass high-kurtosis values from the generated shaker table vibration into the stress response of the unit under test. However, this is not always the case, and only one of the considered methods was capable of doing so. In the article, the fatigue damage spectrum model was used for an evaluation of the time to failure. An experimental study was carried out using operational vibration measured in a car. Shaker testing of cantilever specimens was performed for Gaussian, non-Gaussian, and accelerated non-Gaussian excitations.
Dynamic Recrystallization in Austenitic Stainless Steel during Hot Working with Decreasing Deformation Temperature
Authors: Dolzhenko P. , Tikhonova M. , Sakai T. , Belyakov A. , Kaibyshev R.
Published: June 2019

The deformation microstructures and the mechanical properties of an advanced austenitic stainless steel subjected to hot forging with a decrease in deformation temperature from 1,323 to 1,073 K were studied. The deformation microstructures were characterized by the development of dynamic recrystallization (DRX), leading to a decrease in the mean grain size from 11 to 1 μm as temperature decreased. Two DRX mechanisms, i.e., discontinuous and continuous ones, operated concurrently during the hot compressions. Corresponding true flow stress gradually increased approaching a steady-state deformation during each compression. The grain refinement was accompanied by an increase in the dislocation density, resulting in significant strengthening. The yield strength increased from about 600 MPa to almost 1,000 MPa as revealed by tensile tests at room temperature. Both the grain-size strengthening and the dislocation strengthening contributed to the overall strength of the processed steel samples with DRX microstructures.
GRAF-pop: A Fast Distance-Based Method To Infer Subject Ancestry from Multiple Genotype Datasets Without Principal Components Analysis
Authors: Jin Yumi , Schaffer Alejandro A , Feolo Michael , Holmes J Bradley , Kattman Brandi L
Published: June 2019

Inferring subject ancestry using genetic data is an important step in genetic association studies, required for dealing with population stratification. It has become more challenging to infer subject ancestry quickly and accurately since large amounts of genotype data, collected from millions of subjects by thousands of studies using different methods, are accessible to researchers from repositories such as the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Study-reported populations submitted to dbGaP are often not harmonized across studies or may be missing. Widely-used methods for ancestry prediction assume that most markers are genotyped in all subjects, but this assumption is unrealistic if one wants to combine studies that used different genotyping platforms. To provide ancestry inference and visualization across studies, we developed a new method, GRAF-pop, of ancestry prediction that is robust to missing genotypes and allows researchers to visualize predicted population structure in color and in three dimensions. When genotypes are dense, GRAF-pop is comparable in quality and running time to existing ancestry inference methods EIGENSTRAT, FastPCA, and FlashPCA2, all of which rely on principal components analysis (PCA). When genotypes are not dense, GRAF-pop gives much better ancestry predictions than the PCA-based methods. GRAF-pop employs basic geometric and probabilistic methods; the visualized ancestry predictions have a natural geometric interpretation, which is lacking in PCA-based methods. Since February 2018, GRAF-pop has been successfully incorporated into the dbGaP quality control process to identify inconsistencies between study-reported and computationally predicted populations and to provide harmonized population values in all new dbGaP submissions amenable to population prediction, based on marker genotypes. Plots, produced by GRAF-pop, of summary population predictions are available on dbGaP study pages, and the software, is available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/Software.cgi.
HaploBlocker: Creation of Subgroup-Specific Haplotype Blocks and Libraries
Authors: Pook Torsten , Schlather Martin , de los Campos Gustavo , Mayer Manfred , Schoen Chris Carolin , Simianer Henner
Published: June 2019

The concept of haplotype blocks has been shown to be useful in genetics. Fields of application range from the detection of regions under positive selection to statistical methods that make use of dimension reduction...

The concept of haplotype blocks has been shown to be useful in genetics. Fields of application range from the detection of regions under positive selection to statistical methods that make use of dimension reduction. We propose a novel approach (“HaploBlocker”) for defining and inferring haplotype blocks that focuses on linkage instead of the commonly used population-wide measures of linkage disequilibrium. We define a haplotype block as a sequence of genetic markers that has a predefined minimum frequency in the population, and only haplotypes with a similar sequence of markers are considered to carry that block, effectively screening a dataset for group-wise identity-by-descent. From these haplotype blocks, we construct a haplotype library that represents a large proportion of genetic variability with a limited number of blocks. Our method is implemented in the associated R-package HaploBlocker, and provides flexibility not only to optimize the structure of the obtained haplotype library for subsequent analyses, but also to handle datasets of different marker density and genetic diversity. By using haplotype blocks instead of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), local epistatic interactions can be naturally modeled, and the reduced number of parameters enables a wide variety of new methods for further genomic analyses such as genomic prediction and the detection of selection signatures. We illustrate our methodology with a dataset comprising 501 doubled haploid lines in a European maize landrace genotyped at 501,124 SNPs. With the suggested approach, we identified 2991 haplotype blocks with an average length of 2685 SNPs that together represent 94% of the dataset.
Food Network’s food-career frenzy? An examination of students’ motivations to attend culinary school
Authors: Whibbs Ryan , Holmes Mark
Published: June 2019

This research presents the findings of a year long study, undertaken between 2016 and 2017, seeking to understand the degree to which students are influenced to attend culinary school by food medias, social media, and the Food Network. The notion that food medias draw the majority of new cooks to the industry is often present in popular media discourses, although no data exists seeking to understand this relationship. This study reveals that food medias play a secondary or tertiary role in influencing students to register at culinary school, while also showing previously unknown patterns related to culinary students’ intention to persist with culinary careers. Nearly 40 percent of this sample do not intend to remain cooking professionally for greater than five years, and about 30 percent are “keeping other doors open” upon entry into culinary school. Although food celebrity certainly plays a role in awareness about culinary careers, intrinsic career aspirations are the most frequently reported motivation.
A Foodie’s Guide to Capitalism: Understanding the Political Economy of What We Eat by Eric Holt-Giménez
Authors: Sumner Jennifer
Published: June 2019

Book Review.
The role of alcohol in Canadian family food practices: Commensality, identity, and everyday tastes
Authors: Hammer Brent , Vallianatos Helen
Published: June 2019

The authors use an anthropological lens to examine the role of alcoholic beverages and their consumption within everyday food practices of contemporary Canadian families. Anthropology and anthropologists have a long history of interest and fascination in the ceremonial and ritual use of alcohol within a diverse range of societies and cultural groups. The focus has typically been on the positive social and cultural values of these practices. In this exploratory study, the authors draw on data gathered from a cross-Canada project exploring Canadian family food practices. As part of this study, participants were asked to take photographs of images they felt represented their everyday family food practices. The authors examine participants’ discussions of photographs they took containing images of alcoholic beverages. Findings represent three themes which suggest the diverse and changing roles that alcohol may have within a contemporary Canadian context: commensality and the taste experience; everyday tastes; and taste and identity change.
Canadian Food Studies evolves
Authors: Desjardins Ellen , Tourangeau Wesley
Published: June 2019

no abstract
A Bugaci-mintaterület felszíni, felszínközeli üledékeinek geokémiai vizsgálata
Authors: Fügedi Ubul , Kerék Barbara , Kuti László , Halupka Gábor
Published: June 2019

Következtetések és összefoglalás

A majd’ 50 km2-es Bugaci-mintaterületen négy sekélyfúrásos vizsgálati programot végeztünk el. A vizsgálati eredmények közül az 1998–99-es mintázás nyomelem-adatainak eleddig hiányzó értelmezését adjuk közre.

A buckákon futóhomok, a laposokon agyagos–finomkőzetlisztes üledék található; ez utóbbi jelentős része karbonátiszap. Bár a laposok gyakorlatilag lefolyástalanok, a buckák–laposok helyzete nem állandó, így a rájuk jellemző üledékek is keverednek. A laposok alatti talajvízben és a laposok felszínén az időszakos tavakban a bepárlódás miatt megnő az oldott ion (só-) tartalom. A szedimentológiai és nyomelem-vizsgálatok alapján két sajátos környezetet érdemes kiemelni: a mai/archív felszíneket, amelyeken több a durvaszemcsés homok, valamint a semlyékek karbonátos, finomszemcsés üledékeit.

A felszínhez közel — a mészakkumuláció komponensei, azaz a Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, CO32−, SO42−, PO43− (FÜGEDI et al., 2006) kivételével — az eolikus és a tavi üledékekben is minden vizsgált elemből jóval kevesebb van a Magyarországon általában szokásosnál. Ebben az értelemben a Bugaci-mintaterület jól reprezentálja Magyarország középső geokémiai nagytáját. Az ezen a nagytájon másutt megfigyelt törvényszerűségekkel teljes összhangban a karbonátok felhalmozódása közben az üledékekből valamennyi egyéb ion kimosódik: minél jobban oldódik, annál intenzívebben.

A Scheibler-módszerű, illetve áztatásos karbonáttartalmak csak nagyon lazán korrelálnak a Ca és Mg savoldható koncentrációival, mivel a kioldásos elemzéseket erősen befolyásolják egyéb tényezők (más sóásványok, az üledék diagenizáltsága). Az együtt előforduló, kiugróan nagy Cr- és Mo-tartalmakat automatikusan szennyezésnek kell tekinteni.

A tavi mésziszapokban a Ca/Sr arányt biogén folyamatok határozzák meg; ugyanezen iszapok kiugró S-tartalma bepárlódás eredménye. A mészakkumuláció elemcsoportja (Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, CO32−, SO42−, PO43−) kivételével minden vizsgált elemből a Magyarország legnagyobb részén szokásosnál jóval kevesebb fordul elő. A tavi mésziszapok a Sr-tartalmak alapján megbízhatóan elkülöníthetők a mélyebb helyzetben kialakult mészakkumulációs szintektől.

A mintaterület talajai (főleg a homoktalajok) közepesen rézhiányosak és erősen cinkhiányosak.
Bársonyvirágfajok (Tagetes spp.) nehézfém fitoremediációs potenciáljának értékelése laboratóriumi tesztmódszerekkel
Authors: Mónok Dávid , Kardos Levente , Végvári György
Published: June 2019

Összefoglalás

A fitoremediációs eljárások alkalmazása költséghatékony és környezetkímélő megoldást jelent a szennyezett területek helyreállítására. Korábbi kutatások alapján a bársonyvirágok alkalmasak lehetnek nehézfémmel szennyezett területek fitoremediációjára, azonban kevés információval rendelkezünk arról, hogy a fémeknek milyen toxikus hatása van ezekre a növényekre. Kutatásunk során két különböző kísérletet (egy előkísérletet és egy tenyészedény kísérletet) állítottunk be négy kiválasztott nehézfém (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) növényi bioakkumulációjának és toxicitásának vizsgálatára három különböző bársonyvirág fajon.

A csíranövényes előkísérlet alapján a kisvirágú bársonyvirág (Tagetes patula) volt a legkevésbé érzékeny az alkalmazott nehézfémekre, ezért ezt a növényt alkalmaztuk a tenyészedény kísérlet során. A tenyészedény kísérletben a növényeket a magyar jogszabályokban meghatározott talaj nehézfém szennyezettségi határérték 0-, 1-, 2- és 4-szeres dózisainak tettük ki. 120 napos talaj-növény interakció után mértük a növény növekedési paramétereit (hajtáshossz és tömeg, gyökérhossz és tömeg), valamint az esztétikai paramétereit (levelek és virágok száma, virágok átmérője). A növény hajtásának és a teszttalaj nehézfémkoncentrációit HNO3+H2O2 feltárás után atomabszorpciós spektrofotométerrel határoztuk meg.

Az eredményeink alapján a kisvirágú bársonyvirág képes a Cd és a Zn bioakkumulációjára a hajtásában, mivel 7-18-szor nagyobb koncentrációt mértünk a növény hajtásában, mint a teszttalajban. A Cu szintén akkumulálódott a hajtásban, azonban a növekvő Cu dózisok hatására a felhalmozódás mértéke csökkent. A növényi paraméterek (a Zn-terhelések kivételével) csak a legnagyobb dózisú nehézfém-terhelésekben csökkentek szignifikáns mértékben a kontrollhoz képest. A Zn szignifikánsan csökkentette a hajtáshosszt, a gyökér száraz tömegét, valamint a virágok átmérőjét már 400 mg kg-1 koncentráció esetén is.

Az eredményeink szerint a kisvirágú bársonyvirág alkalmas lehet kadmiummal, rézzel vagy cinkkel szennyezett talajok fitoremediációjára a vizsgált koncentráció-tartományokban. Alkalmazásuk városi területeken (pl. közparkokban, középületek és lakóházak kertjeiben, vagy utak melletti zöldfelületeken) megfelelő lehet, mivel ezek a növények a környezetet is szépítik.
Domborzat hatása a talajnedvesség-forgalomra szőlőültetvényen
Authors: Ujj Emese , Lukácsy György , Molnár Sándor , Horel Ágota , Gelybó Györgyi , Bakacsi Zsófia
Published: June 2019

Összefoglalás

A klímaváltozás hatására várhatóan nem csak a csapadék éves mennyisége, hanem az éven belüli eloszlása is változik, egyidejűleg megváltozhat annak az időszaknak a hossza, amelyben a talajok vízbefogadásra képesek. A talajnedvesség és csapadék idősoros adatok alapján vizsgálhatjuk a változó környezetei feltételek hatását a talajok vízgazdálkodására.

Jelen tanulmányban 2017. június–2018. május közötti időszakban a talajnedvesség-tartalom alakulását vizsgáltuk két eltérő domborzati adottságú szelvényben (teraszon és lejtőn) a tokaji Nagy-hegy déli lejtőjén elhelyezkedő Szarvas-dűlő szőlőültetvényen. Összehasonlítottuk a két mérőhely talajnedvességforgalmát, valamint vizsgáltuk a csapadékesemények hatását.

A teraszon lévő szelvény a csapadék jellemzően 65–99%-át közvetlenül befogadta, míg azonos csapadékeseményekre nézve ez az érték a lejtőn, az intenzívebb felszíni párolgás, valamint a felszíni lefolyás miatt csak 30–80%, szélsőséges esetben ennél is kisebb volt.

Az egyes rétegekben mért nedvesség profilok adataiból következtettünk a beszivárgás dinamikájára, a vízáteresztés mértékére. Azt tapasztaltuk, hogy telített állapotú szelvény esetén a terasz erősen tömődött rétege a vártnál kevésbé akadályozta a nedvesség mélyebb rétegek felé terjedését.

A teraszon lévő szelvény a tömődött rétegek ellenére összességében kedvezőbb vízháztartást biztosított, mint a meredek lejtő. A lejtő kedvezőtlen vízháztartását részben a nyári erőteljes párolgás, részben az egész évben jelentős felszíni lefolyás okozta. A szelvények vízkészletét 120 cm mélységig összegezve megállapítottuk, hogy a terasz teljes vízkészlete a vizsgált időszakban átlagosan több mint 20%-kal meghaladta a lejtőn feltárt szelvényét. Ez a különbség a nyári hónapokban 90–108 mm víztöbbletet jelentett a teraszon, a hasznosítható víz arányában kifejezve 62–88 mm-t. Nyáron, az eltérő száradás miatt augusztus végén volt a legnagyobb a terasz nedvességtöbblete (114 mm-rel), míg a téli–tavaszi időszakban az eltérő intenzitású feltöltődés okozott különbséget (legnagyobb eltérés: 159 mm).

A vízkészletek téli–tavaszi feltöltődése szempontjából más-más időszakra volt érzékeny a két szelvény. A terasz fagymentes időszakban, december végére gyakorlatilag elérte a maximális vízkapacitását, s ezt kisebb ingadozásokkal megtartotta április elejéig, melyet a február–márciusi fagyos időszak sem befolyásolt. A lejtő szelvénye fokozatosan töltődött fel, vízkészlete december közepétől a jellemzően fagyveszélyes január–februári időszakban is növekedett, majd április elejére „tetőzött”, 30 mm-re megközelítve a terasz vízkészletét. A feltöltődés menetében tapasztalt eltérés azt mutatja, hogy a terasz vízkészlete a korai feltöltődés miatt nem érzékeny a jellemzően fagyos február–márciusi időszakra. A lejtő vízkészletének feltöltődése azonban jóval belenyúlik a potenciálisan fagyos időszakba, vízkészletének alakulását a fagyos napok számának változása jobban befolyásolja.
Evolutionary perspectives on human sex differences and their discontents
Authors: Delhez Julien
Published: June 2019

Evolutionary explanations of human behavior have produced many new insights, but also much resistance. This essay examines 2 books on sex differences written with very different approaches. Rosemary Hopcroft's Evolution and Gender argues that men and women can be both equal and different and that average biological differences between the sexes, which are often small, do not threaten the ideal of political equality. In Hopcroft's view, understanding these differences with the help of evolutionary theory is a condition for the realization of equality, not an obstacle. Saini's Inferior depicts an opposition between an ‘old science’, portraying sex differences as immense, and a ‘new science’, with most sex differences being so small that they cannot possibly account for social trends. While Evolution and Gender gives a concise and representative view of current evolutionary research on sex differences, Inferior claims that obsessions pervade entire research areas. Evolution and Gender has a careful tone, while Inferior often emphasizes the allegedly ‘controversial’ nature of studies. The essay ends with reflections on how to best communicate the results of evolutionary psychology to the public.
Potential of Pinus elliottii Engelm. needles as substrate conditioner for the production of “Fepagro C37 reck”Citrus rootstocks”
Authors: Ceccagno Henrique , Souza Vitor Dutra de , Schäfer Gilmar , Avrella Eduarda Demari , Fior Claudimar Sidnei
Published: June 2019

Abstract The production of citrus seedlings in protected environment requires a large amount of substrate, which must have adequate physical and chemical characteristics. The use of acidic conditioners, such as Pinus needles mixed with alkaline substrates, allows the cultivation of seedlings with better quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of the “Fepagro C37 Reck” rootstock grown in different alkaline commercial substrate mixtures (Humosolo ES®) with Pinus elliottii needles. The experiment was carried out by testing alkaline substrate mixed with 5-month old of decomposition Pinus needles in situ decomposition and two granulometry sizes, 3.5 and 8.0 mm. The mixtures were performed in proportions between the needles with the Humosolo, (v / v) 0%; 25%; 50%; 75% and 100%. Expanded cellular polystyrene trays were used to accommodate the mixtures and seeding of the rootstock. Physical and chemical evaluateons of the mixtures were carried out, as well as the development of the seedlings. The use of Pinus needles acidified the substrate Humosolo ES®, reduced its electrical conductivity and increased the percentage of porous space of the mixtures and reduced water retention. The treatments containing 25 and 50% of the Pinus needles mixture, regardless of the granulometry, provide greater development of rootstock plants “Fepagro C37 Reck”.
Rootstock-scion interaction:5. Effect on the evolution of Cabernet Sauvignon grape ripening
Authors: Miele Alberto , Rizzon Luiz Antenor
Published: June 2019

Abstract The rootstock effect on grapevine yield components, grape must and wine composition and wine sensory characteristics were evaluated in previous studies. This experiment carried out over five years had the objective to determine the effect of the rootstock on the evolution of variables related to sugar and acidity contents of the juice during grape ripening. The treatments consisted of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine grafted on rootstocks such as Rupestris du Lot, 101- 14 Mgt, 3309 C, 420A Mgt, 5BB K, 161-49 C, SO4, Solferino, 1103 P, 99 R, 110 R, Gravesac, Fercal, Dogridge and Isabel. The berries were sampled during the grape ripening period, on nine dates during the summer of each year. Taken to the laboratory, they were hand crushed and the juice was centrifuged to separate the solid and liquid phase, where the supernatant was then used for physicochemical analyses. The data were submitted to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and polynomial regression analysis. The main results show that, at grape maturity, the PCA discriminated mainly the juices of CS/101-14 Mgt, CS/SO4 and CS/Gravesac, which had high density, total soluble solids, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and pH, and CS/Dogridge and CS/Fercal, which had high titratable acidity. The density, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio increased as grape ripened, but the titratable acidity decreased. However, the increase or decrease rates were lower at the end of the grape ripening cycle according to the variable, and the total soluble solids having the highest increase (116.3%) and the titratable acidity the highest decrease (68.3%).
Iniquidades do ambiente construído relacionado à atividade física no entorno de escolas públicas de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Santos Diego Spinoza dos , Hino Adriano Akira Ferreira , Höfelmann Doroteia Aparecida
Published: June 2019

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a associação entre as características do ambiente relacionado à atividade física com a renda em áreas de entorno escolar em Curitiba, Paraná. Foram auditados 888 segmentos de rua com um instrumento de observação sistemática em três seções (Rotas, Segmentos e Cruzamentos) no raio de 500 metros ao redor de 30 escolas públicas. O escore total foi a soma das seções. Dados de renda do entorno escolar foram obtidos do Censo Demográfico de 2010, e a distância linear de cada escola até o centro da cidade foi calculada. Modelos multiníveis (nível um segmento e nível dois escola) foram aplicados na análise, com estimativas de médias ponderadas e correlações intraclasse (ICC). Na análise bruta, a maior variabilidade entre as escolas foi observada na seção Segmentos (ICC = 0,41), e a menor, na seção Rotas (ICC = 0,19). Os segmentos de rua localizados no entorno de escolas do primeiro tercil de renda alcançaram uma média ajustada de 15,6 (IC95%: 13,0-18,3) no escore total, quase metade daqueles de renda maior, que atingiram 30,7 (IC95%: 28,0-33,5) pontos, com diferença significativa entre os tercis (p < 0,001). O escore das áreas mais centrais foi 30,1 (IC95%: 26,9-33,4), significativamente maior (p < 0,001) se comparado àquelas mais periféricas em que a pontuação foi 16,3 (IC95%: 12,8-19,8). As características do ambiente avaliadas nas seções Rotas e Segmentos, além do escore total, mostraram-se associadas com a menor renda. Ambiente de pior qualidade em áreas de menor renda é uma das iniquidades que precisa ser enfrentada nas metrópoles brasileiras e que pode contribuir para a melhoria da saúde das pessoas.
New patient-reported outcome measure to assess perceived barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence: the PEDIA scale
Authors: Almeida-Brasil Celline Cardoso , Nascimento Elizabeth do , Silveira Micheline Rosa , Bonolo Palmira de Fátima , Ceccato Maria das Graças Braga
Published: June 2019

Abstract: This study sought to develop and evaluate a new patient-reported outcome measure to assess perceived barriers to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. The Perceived Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence (PEDIA) scale was developed based on individual interviews with patients. After pilot testing and assessing the evidence based on content analysis, the scale’s revisions resulted in a 40-item version. The PEDIA was applied to 415 HIV-infected adults receiving ART for a maximum of 180 days, recruited from three healthcare facilities of reference in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The analyses included exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, item response theory, temporal stability, and predictive test-criterion relationship. The scale’s final version contains 18 items distributed in three dimensions, as follows: cognitive and routine problems (4 items); medication and health concerns (6 items); and patient’s fears and feelings (8 items). The results of McDonald’s omega and temporal stability demonstrate that the PEDIA is internally consistent and yields stable scores over time. The assessment of the information’s functions suggested that the three dimensions were informative for assessing a broad range of latent traits. Evidence concerning the test-criterion relationship confirmed that the PEDIA was able to predict non-adherence three months later. Our findings suggest that the PEDIA is a psychometrically adequate tool for evaluating perceived barriers in adult patients initiating ART. It could be used in both research and clinical practice for the early detection of patients at risk of non-adherence and for the identification of potentially modifiable barriers.
Institutional change and accountability: procedural ecology and defiance of the Brazilian case
Authors: Filgueiras Fernando , Aranha Ana Luiza
Published: June 2019

Abstract This article analyzes the process of institutional change, focusing on endogenous, exogenous and systemic processes. Scholars usually analyze institutional change considering endogenous and exogenous explanatory factors to talk about the direction and outcomes of the changes. In addition to these two factors, this paper proposes a third one. This paper proposes that the process of institutional change should be understood in terms of systemic variables and should take into account the interactions between institutions as a relevant factor in explaining the veto or promotion of institutional change. Based on qualitative evidence gathered from interviews with key accountability actors in Brazil, the paper discusses the incremental changes that occurred in the Brazilian accountability institutions. We demonstrate that, despite these incremental changes, the final result in terms of institutional change was not a broader systemic change with greater cooperation and coordination of control activities between accountability institutions. Accountability processes are understood as part of a dynamic system, under which competition and cooperation are part of the action repertoire of accountability actors and used differently depending on the situation.
Lideranças políticas no Brasil: da Teologia da Libertação ao Neofundamentalismo
Authors: Ortunes Leandro , Martinho Silvana , Chaia Vera
Published: June 2019

Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar um perfil de lideranças políticas que começaram suas trajetórias influenciadas pela Teologia da Libertação (corrente teológica que vinculava a atuação dos cristãos, principalmente católicos, a uma opção preferencial pelos pobres). Dentre estas destacamos: Chico Alencar (PSOL); Paulo Teixeira (PT); e João Pedro Stédile (MST). Também analisaremos o perfil de algumas lideranças que estão conectadas ao neofundamentalismo (movimento formado, principalmente, por evangélicos que atua na defesa de valores da moral cristã fundamentalista) e que representam, atualmente, um segmento expressivo na vida política brasileira. Dentre eles, podemos citar: João Campos (PRB), que é líder da Frente Parlamentar Evangélica e Marco Feliciano (PSC). Análise comparativa na formação das lideranças políticas é fundamental para podermos acompanhar as alterações que estão ocorrendo na composição destas correntes políticas e religiosas no Congresso Nacional.
Beneficial Effects of Ethyl-Cyanoacrylate Coating Against Candida Albicans Biofilm Formation
Authors: Távora Flora Freitas Fernandes , Chocano Ana Paula Chappuis , Oliveira Denise Gusmão de , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo , Almeida Ricardo Sergio , Neppelenbroek Karin Hermana , Porto Vinícius Carvalho
Published: June 2019

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify whether modifications made in a hard chairside reline resin by an ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive, ECA (Super Bonder®, Loctite, Itapevi, SP, Brazil) would be able to inhibit or reduce Candida albicans biofilm formation on its surface, comparing to a commercial surface sealant (BisCover®, Bisco, Schaumburg, USA). Reline resin specimens were fabricated and randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8): CG (control group), no surface treatment; ECA1, ECA coating on the surface before sterilization; ECA2, ECA coating after sterilization; ECA3, ECA incorporated in the resin bulk; DPE1, BisCover® coating before sterilization; DPE2, BisCover® coating after sterilization. Specimens were inoculated with C. albicans SC5314 (1x107 cells/mL) and incubated for 24 h. Then, the biofilm were stained with LIVE/DEAD® BaclightTM L7007 Kit and analyzed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The images were evaluated by bioImageL® v.2.0 software and total biovolume (µm3), viable cells (%), and covered area (%) were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p<0.05). Results showed that ECA-coated groups presented better results, reducing C. albicans biofilm formation. Acquired images revealed that these groups (ECA1 and ECA2) presented a reduced number of cells, mostly in yeast form (less pathogenic), while the other groups presented higher number of cells, mostly in hyphae form (more pathogenic). Based on these findings, a beneficial effect of Super Bonder® coating reline resins surface could be demonstrated, suggesting a promising way to prevent fungal biofilm formation on dentures.
Effects of Calcium Hypochlorite and Octenidine Hydrochloride on L929 And Human Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Coaguila-Llerena Hernán , Rodrigues Elisandra Márcia , Tanomaru-Filho Mário , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Faria Gisele
Published: June 2019

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess cytotoxicity and cell migration of calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] and octenidine hydrochloride - OCT (Octenisept®, Schülke & Mayr, Norderstedt, Germany) in L929 and human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. The cells were exposed to different doses of different solutions: 2.5% and 5% Ca(OCl)2, 0.1% OCT, 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX for 10 min. Cell viability was assessed by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, and cell migration was determined by wound-healing assay. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). The MTT and NR assays revealed that 0.1% OCT was less cytotoxic in hPDL cells (p<0.05), followed by 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between 2.5% NaOCl and 5% Ca(OCl)2 (p>0.05), but these solutions showed greater cytotoxicity than the others. The result was the same for L929 cells, except that there was no significant difference between 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 (p>0.05). Wound-healing assay in L929 and hPDL cells showed that cell migration of 0.1% OCT, 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 groups was higher than 5% Ca(OCl)2 and 2.5% NaOCl groups at 24 h (p<0.05). In conclusion, 0.1% OCT had lower cytotoxicity in tested cell lines than CHX, Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl. Cell migration was higher for 0.1% OCT, 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2. Therefore, in terms of cytotoxicity, OCT and Ca(OCl)2 have the potential to be used as root canal irrigants.
Treatment of Resorbed Mandibles with Titanium Plate and Immediate Implant-Supported Prosthesis - Case Series
Authors: Fabris Vinicius , Reginato Vagner Flavio , Smaniotto Carolina , Bacchi Atais , Consani Rafael Leonardo Xediek
Published: June 2019

Abstract Severely resorbed mandibles with only cortical bone remaining can fracture during or after implant placement. This case series presents a technique to reduce the risk or the consequences of mandibular fracture. Seven patients with only cortical mandibular bone remaining were treated with the fixation of a titanium plate in the frontal surface previously to implant placement, during the same surgical procedure. Immediate complete-arch implant supported prosthesis were installed. Patient’s systemic and local conditions that could influence implant survival were registered previously to surgery and during the follow up period. Biological and biomechanical complications were recorded. The condition of peri-implant tissues was evaluated. The follow-ups ranged from 12 to 84 months. Twenty-nine implants were placed and no implant failure or other biological complication was observed. The peri-implant tissue evaluation demonstrated most implants was surrounded by keratinized tissue (89.5%). No marginal recession (implant platform cervical to gingival margin) was observed. Probing depth was normal, ranging from 0 to 3 mm. Low scores of plaque index or bleeding on probing were recorded. Biomechanical complications evolved loosening of 4 prosthetic screws and 1 fractured. The use of a titanium plate for the fixation of severely resorbed mandibles with only cortical bone remaining was a safe treatment procedure, avoiding biological and major biomechanical complications in the treatment with immediate complete-arch implant-supported prosthesis.
Effect of EDTA and QMIX Ultrasonic Activation on the Reduction of Microorganisms and Endotoxins in Ex Vivo Human Root Canals
Authors: Matos Felipe de Souza , Khoury Rayana Duarte , Carvalho Cláudio Antonio Talge , Martinho Frederico Canato , Bresciani Eduardo , Valera Marcia Carneiro
Published: June 2019

Abstract The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of QMiX and 17% EDTA associated to passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) or manual agitation (MA) on the reduction of E. faecalis, E. coli and LPS from root canals. Forty single rooted human teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=10), according to the final irrigation protocol: EDTA+MA, QMiX+MA, EDTA+PUI, QMiX+PUI. Sample collections were obtained from the root canal content immediately before preparation (baseline-S1), after instrumentation (S2), after final irrigation protocol (S3) and 7 days after instrumentation and final irrigation (S4). The antimicrobial effectivity and on endotoxin content were analyzed by culture procedure (CFU/mL) and LAL assay (EU/mL), respectively. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman test (α=5%). QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI reduced 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis bacteria and also prevented E. faecalisregrowth at S4. EDTA significantly reduced E. coli, but it was not effective in reducing E. faecalis. All protocols reduced EU/mL when compared to S1, however at S4 there was a significant reduction of EU/mL only in the QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI groups in relation to S3 and S2, respectively. Final irrigation with QMiX associated with MA or PUI had superior antibacterial efficacy compared to EDTA, eliminating 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis strains. In addition, QMiX+PUI reduced 97.61% of the initial content of LPS.
Prostaglandin E2 Induces Expression of Mineralization Genes by Undifferentiated Dental Pulp Cells
Authors: Lorencetti-Silva Francine , Pereira Priscilla Aparecida Tartari , Meirelles Alyne Fávero Galvão , Faccioli Lúcia Helena , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia
Published: June 2019

Abstract Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator usually released during inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the potential of soluble or microsphere-loaded PGE2 on inducing differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. PGE2-loaded microspheres (MS) were prepared using an oil-in-water emulsion solvent extraction-evaporation process and were characterized. Mouse dental pulp stem cells (OD-21) were stimulated with soluble or PGE2-loaded MS (0.01 and 0.1 µM). Cell viability was determined by MTT colorimetric assay. Ibsp, Bmp2 and Runx2 expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after 3, 6, and 24 h. The results showed that the soluble PGE2 reduced dental pulp stem cells viability after 24 h of stimulation whereas PGE2-loaded MS did not. Soluble PGE2 up-regulated Ibsp and Bmp2 at 3 h, differently from PGE2-loaded MS. On the other hand, PGE2-MS induced Bmp2 and Runx2 at 6 h and Ibsp at 24 h. In conclusion, our in vitro results show that PGE2, soluble or loaded in MS are not cytotoxic and modulateIbsp,Bmp2, andRunx2gene expression in cultured OD-21 cells.