bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEY FACTORS FOR SAFE AND RATIONAL SECURITY OF BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENTS
Authors:   University Union – Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, Serbia, Penjišević Aleksandra , Sančanin Branislav ,   University Union – Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, Serbia
Published: September 2023

The use of human blood for therapeutic purposes requires the continuous construction of safety and quality systems, in order to minimize potential risks during the process of collection, processing, circulation and final use. Safety, security, rationality, and reliability are important prerequisites for the continuous provision of blood products, regardless of their purpose. Health institutions for blood and blood products should have an organized quality system that will be compatible with strategic goals, while at the same time emphasizing the self-sufficiency of a particular community. In this context, it is necessary to establish a stable and applicable mechanism for issuing permits and accreditation by certified institutions, from this field, which would ensure their operation in accordance with current regulations. Modern blood transfusion practice must provide guarantees to voluntary blood donors regarding the security and confidentiality of all data related to the health of each individual. The key factors, on which safe and rational provision of blood and blood products are based, are visible through continuous activities associated with the promotion of voluntary and unpaid blood donation, thus contributing, in a specific way, to raising and maintaining high standards. Medical and other personnel involved in the process of collection, examination, processing, storage and circulation of human blood and blood components should be qualified and should undergo continuous education. The future development of transfusiology will be based on teamwork and interdisciplinary cooperation, as well as continuous monitoring and application of regulations from this field. The implementation of the Type and Screen method, i.e., blood group typing and antibody screening, should become a standard in the rationalization of the need for blood, which ensures a greater number of available blood units, increases self-sufficiency and directly contributes to the preservation of the health of donors and recipients of blood and blood components.
OCCLUSAL SPLINTS, RETAINERS AND THE RELATION BETWEEN THEM – A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors:   Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Shopova Dobromira , Bakova Desislava ,   Department of Health Care Management, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Yordanova Miroslava ,   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Yordanova Svetlana ,   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Published: September 2023

This article reviews different types of occlusal splints and retainers, and current trends of their creation by digital technologies. They were systematically searched by key words, single or combined. The key words were: bruxism, retainer, modification of occlusal splints, modification of retainers, 3D printing, CAD/CAM. It was used peer-reviewed articles published in Google scholar until July 2023. The articles were in English with available at least abstract with clear conclusion part. Paid for the reader articles are not included in the review. In this article are presented main and additional types of occlusal splints, different types of retainers and their modifications, the contact point between splints and retainers and their digital creation.
Enhancement of the environmental bio-economy by investigating a sustainable Cerbera odollam biodiesel at a low heat rejection engine
Authors: Anbazhagan Ramanujam , Naveenchandran Panchacharam
Published: September 2023

It is essential to maintain the environment by preserving the ecological balance of the area and keeping an eye on emission regulations. It's common knowledge that fossil fuels are the backbone of the transportation industry. Over time, the atmospheric concentrations of carbon and nitrogen oxides have risen dramatically due to human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels at excessive rates. Long-term sustainability may be attainable with the implementation of a bio-based, circular economy. Fears of a future fuel shortage and the negative effects on the environment spurred researchers to search for more sustainable energy sources. Renewability, reduced emissions, biodegradability, and better lubricating characteristics are just some of the reasons why biodiesel is becoming increasingly popular as a viable alternative to petroleum diesel. In this research paper, biodiesel extracted from Cerbera odollam seeds was tested for its performance and emission characteristics on a low-heat rejection diesel engine with its piston coated with nano coating. The results were compared with those of a standard diesel engine, BCO25 at coated piston engine enhances break thermal efficiency by over 5.5%, consumes less fuel by 6.4%, reduces CO by 5.9%-10.7%, and reduces UBHC by 4% to 8.5%.
ANALISIS SISTEM DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH PERUMAHAN GRAND PURWOREJO DENGAN SISTEM TOREN KOMUNAL
Authors: Janah Nur , Rahayu Nur
Published: September 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini  untuk mengetahui sistem pendistribusian air bersih pada perumahan Grand Purworejo. Mengetahui volume kebutuhan air penghuni perumahan Grand Purworejo dan ketersediaan air yang disediakan perumahan Grand Purworejo. Mengetahui desain toren komunal pada perumahan Grand Purworejo.Mengetahui kelebihan dan kekurangan sistem distribusi air bersih menggunakan toren komunal.

Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei langsung yang dilaksanakan pada Perumahan Grand Purworejo sebagai sebuah kawasan hunian baru yang berlokasi di Desa Purworejo, Kecamatan Sanan Kulon, Kabupaten Blitar. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah studi kasus di Desa Purworejo, Kabupaten Blitar. Metode yang dipakai adalah deskriptif, yaitu metode yang menjelaskan kondisi obyektif (sebenarnya) pada suatu keadaan yang menjadi objek studi atau objek penelitian.

Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan sistem pengaliran air pada perumahan Grand Purworejo ini dilakukan dengan sistem komunal horizontal. Dimana pemipaannya dibuat memanjang. Air dari sumber disalurkan ke tempat penampungan terlebih dahulu (reservoar), kemudian baru disalurkan ke rumah-rumah warga secara horizontal atau pipa memanjang. Pada perumahan Grand Purworejo total keseluruhan ada 70 unit rumah dengan Kebutuhan air bersih  penduduk perumahan Grand Purworejo yaitu 215 orang terbagi dari balita, anak – anak, dewasa sampai usia lanjut dengan kebutuhab air bersih per hari (Qd)= 34.400 l/hari = 34,40 m3/hariKapasitas penampung tandon utama = 64 m3= 64.000 l dengan waktu pengisian = 34 menit 25 detik. Sehingga kebutuhan air rata – rata penduduk perumahan Grand Purworejo = 10 m3 / jam, dan kapasitas pompa pemindah = 30 m3 / jam. Kelebihan distribusi air bersih menggunakan sistem komunal lebih mudah pengontrolan. Karena hanya menggunakan satu sistem pendistribusian air bersih yaitu menggunakan toren komunal. Kelemahan distribusi air bersih menggunakan sistem komunal sering terjadinya penyumbatan pada pipa akibat kotoran dari toren, seperti lumut. Hal ini terjadi ketika toren beton  tidak dibersihkan secara rutin.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LIMBAH SERBUK BATA MERAH DAN LIMBAH TEMPURUNG KELAPA TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON
Authors: Nurjanah Nurjanah , Nikmatul Hazairin Nikmatul
Published: September 2023

In Blitar City, the use of coconuts from trees to fruit is increasing rapidly, from tree trunks that can be used for wooden horses, to the fruit which can also be used as various kinds of food and crafts. The growth of trade in handicrafts made from coconut shells, waste from craftsmen can also be used as additional material for making concrete because coconut shells contain a lot of chemicals. Not only coconut shell waste can be used in the manufacture of innovative building materials, but also red brick powder obtained from demolition of residential buildings and unused buildings. To prove and determine the effect of the addition of red brick powder and coconut shell waste, therefore the concrete compressive strength test used 24 samples consisting of normal concrete and 3 variations of red brick powder and coconut shell waste ranging from 3%, 6% and 9 %. So the results of normal concrete aged 14 days with a compressive strength of 19.42 MPa, so there is an increase of 20.02 MPa in the 3% mixture. Then there is a decrease in the amount of 16.53 MPa in the 6% mixture, and there is another increase in the mixture of 9%, which is worth 19.06 MPa. And at the age of 28 days the average is the same at the amount of 20.0 MPa and the mixture is 9%. the value of 19.45 MPa.
EVALUASI STABILITAS DINDING PENAHAN TANAH PADA SUNGAI NAMBAAN KECAMATAN NGANTANG KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Suhudi Suhudi , Elviana Apli Vinsensia
Published: September 2023

Bangunan yang didesain untuk menahan tekanan lateral (horizontal) tanah disebut bangunan dinding penahan tanah. Biasanya bangunan dinding penahan dibuat ketika terjadi perubahan dalam elevasi tanah yang melampaui sudut at-rest dalam tanah. Tekanan tanah lateral di belakang dinding penahan tanah tergantung kepada sudut geser dalam tanah (
SUMBERDAYA, CADANGAN, PRODUKSI MINERAL DAN BATUAN PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR TAHUN 2018
Authors: Aryoko Gautama1 Gregorius , Novianto Dandung , Suhardono Agus
Published: September 2023

Indonesia memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah salah satuya sumberdaya mineral yang dapat  dimanfaatkan oleh negara untuk kepentingan  masyarakat. Pulau jawa bagian timur yang diwakili oleh Provinsi Jawa Timur mempunyai potensi komoditas mineral sejumlah tiga puluh satu mineral. Potensi  sumberdaya mineral suatu daerah dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan neraca sumberdaya  mineral. Pengklasifikasian sumberdaya mineral adalah menjadi empat sumberdaya  hipotetik, sumberdaya  tereka, sumberdaya  terindikasi, dan sumberdaya  terukur. Acuan yang digunakan untuk menghitung neraca sumberdaya mineral suatu daerah adalah  SNI 6728.4:2015. Cadangan diklasifikasikan menjadi dua yaitu cadangan terbukti dan cadangan terkira. Sumberdaya mineral paling besar di Jawa Timur  adalah batu gamping sebesar 4.360.675.461 ton. Cadangan terbesar adalah komoditas Batu Gamping sebesar 2.567.292.867 ton dengan cadangan terkira sebesar 1.794.000.000 ton dan terbukti 773.292.867 ton. Tiga besar komoditas yang paling produktif adalah Sirtu, Andesit dan Batu Gamping. Sisa cadangan tebesar di tahun 2019 sebesar 2.566.060.071 komoditas Batu Gamping. Potensi beberapa komoditas sumberdaya mineral di Provinsi Jawa Timur pada tahun 2018 sangat besar sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan yang bijaksana. Sisa cadangan yang besar beberapa komoditas dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat. Komoditas yang sudah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat merupakan komoditas yang digunakan untuk pembangunan infrastruktur di berbagai daerah. Pengelolaan potensi sumberdaya mineral dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi daerah dan masyarakat berupa pajak mineral dan batuan yang wajib dibayarkan oleh perusahaan
REDESAIN SISTEM DRAINASE DI KAWASAN PASAR LAWANG KECAMATAN LAWANG KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Suhudi Suhudi , Nggae Stefanus
Published: September 2023

Drainase mempunyai pengertian mengalirkan, menguras, membuang, atau mengalihkan air. Secara umum drainase dapat didefinisikan sebagai serangkaian bangunan air yang berfungsi untuk mengurangi atau membuang kelebihan air dari suatu kawasan atau lahan, sehingga lahan dapat difungsikan secara optimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merencanakan ulang jaringan drainase di kawasan Pasar Lawang Kabupaten Malang. Lokasi studi terletak pada Pasar Lawang Kabupaten Malang sebelah Utara dari Jalan Thamrin. Masing masing pasar tersebut memiliki luas secara berurutan seluas 3.500 m2 pasar ini dibangun sejak tahun 1970an dan tercatat ada 173 unit toko, 405 bedak, 729 unit los. Kawasan Pasar Lawang memiliki ketinggian +600 meter dari permukaan air laut dan berjarak +18,5 Km dari pusat Kota Malang. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder, Analisa dan metode pengelolaan data yang digunakan yaitu perhitungan manual sesuai dengan metode rasional untuk menghitung debit hujan rancangan kala ulang 10 tahun dengan nilai XT= 138,424 mm kemudian dilakukan perhitungan Q air dan Q kapasitas dan mendapatkan Q air = 0,2127 m3/det dan Q kapasitas = 0,2309 m3/det  kemudian  dilakukan evaluasi Q kapasitas dikurangi Q air = 0,0182 m3/det selanjutnya dilakukan kontrol debit ∆Q ≤ 10% dan memdapatkan hasil ∆Q = 9% dan rumus mencari tinggi muka air menggunakan h SNI untuk debit saluran. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan didapat dimensi saluran tersier adalah dengan lebar dasar saluran b = 0,30 m dan kedalaman saluran 0,30 m, dengan tinggi jagaan masing – masing saluran adalah 30% dari kedalaman saluran rencana. Penampang melintang saluran berbentuk persegi panjang.
ANALISIS DAYA DUKUNG DAN PENURUNAN TIANG PANCANG MENGGUNAKAN DATA PDA TEST DAN PROGRAM PLAXIS PADA PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG LABORATORIUM DAN KULIAH TERPADU UNIVERSITAS BORNEO TARAKAN
Authors: Hasrullah Hasrullah , Iswandi Syarif , Novianto Dandung
Published: September 2023

The foundation is the structure of the lower part of a building that is directly related to the ground or part of the building that is located below the ground surface which has the function of bearing the load of other parts of the building above it. There are various kinds of dynamic bearing capacity of the pile foundation, one of which is used with dynamic field test results, namely the PDA Test. The purpose of this research is to determine the carrying capacity of piles using PDA Test data then the results of the analysis will be compared with the results of calculations with Plaxis 2D V.8. The results of the calculation of the bearing capacity of the pile using PDA Test data obtained the largest value, namely 103 tons and the results of the carrying capacity using the Bagemann method obtained the value of 149.51 tons. The calculation of the pile settlement in the CAPWAP data is 12.97 mm at the P 113 pile and the calculation result of the maximum settlement of the pile in the Plaxis calculation is 3.50 mm the estimated single pile settlement meets the safe/permitted requirements.
EVALUASI KETERLAMBATAN PROYEK (STUDI KASUS PEKERJAAN TALUD JEMBATAN GUMUYU BINANGUN BLITAR)
Authors: Rekandinata( Rahmad , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Lukmana Hazairin
Published: September 2023

Eksekusi proyek membutuhkan perencanaan atau manajemen proyek. Artinya, disiplin ilmu yang terlibat dalam perencanaan dan pengorganisasian sehingga tujuan proyek dapat dicapai. Manajemen konstruksi adalah proses praktis perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan ilmu pengetahuan dan keahlian yang saling menguntungkan untuk mencapai tujuan yang ditetapkan.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab keterlambatan proyek Jembatan Geyumu Binangan Blitar dan mencari alternative untuk mengatasi keterlambatan pekerjaan konstruksi Jembatan Gemuyu Binangun Blitar. Kuesioner validitas / reliabilitas.

Validitas berasal dari kata relevansi yang artinya ketelitian dan ketepatan suatu alat ukur beserta relevansinya adalah suatu ukuran yang menunjukkan bahwa variable yang diukur sebenarnya adalah variable yang valid. Pernyataan dapat diprediksi atau stabil. Kualitas tes yang solid mengacu pada intensitas, konsistensi, prediktabilitas, dan akurasi efek samping tes penelitian

Penyebab dari keterlambatan proyek pekerjaan Jembatan Gumuyu Binangun Blitar terjadi karena beberapa faktor yaitu kegagalan pemilik dalam mengkoordinasi pekerjaan, mobilisasi sumber daya lambat, kondisi lingkungan tidak sesuai dugaan, pengajuan contoh bahan tidak terjadwal.Ditinjau dari penelitian ini, bagi pemilik/kontraktor yang berwenang hendaknya  lebih memahami jadwal yang telah direncanakan dan lebih tertata atau sering dalam melakukan tool box meeting sehingga dengan harapan dapat berjalan dengan lancar.
Rancang Bangun Alat Bantu Navigasi Tuna Netra Berbasis Arduino Dengan Sensor Ultrasonik
Authors: Purwanto Tohari Galih , Wahid Syamsudin Nur
Published: September 2023

Penyandang tuna netra sampai saat ini masih memiliki kesulitan dalam beraktifitas, utamanya pada hal mobilitas di kehidupan sehari-hari. Diantara penyebabnya yaitu keterbatasan sarana dan fasilitas untuk menunjang mereka dalam melakukan kegiatannya. Fasilitas utama yang selalu digunakan yaitu tongkat tuna netra. Tongkat ini membuat perjalanan para penyandang tuna netra menjadi lebih mudah. Akan tetapi terdapat keterbatasan pada tongkat konvensional, yaitu tidak mampu mendeteksi adanya benda yang tongkat tersebut tidak menjangkaunya. Penelitian ini mengembangkan suatu prototipe alat bantu berjalan untuk tuna netra sehingga keterbatasan pada tongkat konvensional dapat tertutupi. Alat ini dirancang menggunakan mikrokontoler AtMega dalam papan tunggal mini arduino, speaker haeadset, sensor ultrasonic dan pemutar suara. Penelitian ini menghasilkan rancangan alat mampu mengenali keberadaan penghalang pada jarak maksimal 310 cm dengan rentang kesalahan diantara 0.2% - 5%.
PENENTUAN KAPASITAS PENGAMBILAN PT.PSP BERDASARKAN ANALISA NERACA AIR SUB DAS CEMPAGA DAS MENTAYA WS MENTAYA KATINGAN
Authors: Sulistyani Kiki Frida , Irianto Danang Bimo
Published: September 2023

PT Pelaran Sawit Perkasa (PSP) is located in Bukit Batu Village, Cempaga Hulu District, East Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan. PT PSP needs water for palm oil industry activities and raw water in employee settlements. PT PSP's intake is in the Cempaga watershed. The Cempaga Watershed has an area of 983.83 square kilometers, with the dominant land use of plantations amounting to 76.2% of the total watershed area.  From the results of the FJ Mock analysis, the average discharge data for 15 days is between 30.12 m3/second to 108.36 m3/second. The maintenance discharge was calculated using the Flow Duration Curve method and obtained discharge rates ranging from 4.38 m3/second in the driest season to 56.96 m3/second in the rainy season. Intake Cempaga is planned to serve WTP with a production capacity of 16.7 liters/second or 1 m3/minute with an operational pattern of taking water for 20 hours/day and a collection period of 26 days per month. The results of the water balance at the Cempaga intake are surplus, with values between 0.42 m3/second to 26.21 m3/second.
PENGURANGAN RISIKO PINALTI DENGAN TIME COST TRADE OFF PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI
Authors: Nuciferani Felicia T. , Mohamad F.N. Aulady  , Putut A. Wibowo
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACThe construction industry in Indonesia is developing quite well, making small-scale construction servicebusinesses get a lot of new project opportunities. On the other hand, a new project can make construction servicebusinesses have problems due to their failure to manage existing resources. One of the risks is the delay in projectcompletion time, which results in the threat of penalty by the construction project owner. This study aims to reducethe risk of penalties faced by small-scale construction service businesses using Time cost trade-off (TCTO). TCTOis a method used to increase the productivity of human resources by substitute using several costs. In increasingthe productivity of human resources, this study uses two work systems, namely a four-hour overtime system anda Shift work system. The results of this study found that by using shift work system, it can accelerate the projectcomplementation time by 70 days and reduce the risk of penalties by Rp. 2,525,634,233.ABSTRAKIndustri konstruksi di Indonesia yang berkembang cukup baik, membuat pelaku usaha jasa konstruksi skala kecilmendapatkan banyak peluang proyek baru. Disisi lain proyek baru dapat membuat pelaku usaha jasa konstruksimengalami masalah dikarenakan kegagalan mereka dalam mengelola sumber daya yang ada. Salah satu risikoyang terjadi akibat kegagalan mengelola sumber daya adalah keterlambatan waktu penyelesaian proyek yangberakibat pada ancaman penalti oleh pihak pemilik pengguna jasa konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengurangi risiko penalti yang dihadapi pelaku usaha jasa konstruksi skala kecil dengan cara Timecosttardeoff(TCTO). TCTO adalah sebuah metode yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas produktivitas sumber dayamanusia dengan menggantinya menggunakan sejumlah biaya. Dalam menaikkan produktivitas sumber dayamanusia, penelitian ini menggunakan dua sistem kerja yaitu sistem kerja lembur selama empat jam dan sistemkerja Shift. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa dengan menaikkan produktivitas kerja dengan sistem shiftdapat mempercepat waktu pelaksanaan sampai dengan 70 hari dan mengurangi risiko denda sebesar Rp.2.525.634.233
ANALISIS KEDINAMISAN KELOMPOK PETERNAK DI KECAMATAN TAEBENU KABUPATEN KUPANG NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Manoe Multivira B. , Kapa Maximilian M. J. , Lango Alfetri N. P.
Published: September 2023

This research has been conducted at one livestock farmer groups in Oeletsala Village, Taebenu Sub District, Kupang Regency from June till July 2020. The aims of this research were to know; (1) the characteristics of the Beef Cattle farmers group at Nijbaki Oeletsala village; (2) the dynamism of farmer group in the village; (3) the obstacles’ faced by the members of the members of group in terms of their cattle development effort.

The method used in this research was census method due to the number of population that was group member who were only consists of 25 people so all of them were taken as respondents. The determination of research location was taken purposively (purposive sampling). The result of research showed that; (1) the characteristics of the Beef Cattle farmers group at Nijbaki Oeletsala village, the age from each group member ranged from 40- 55 years. The last formal education that was were dominantly received by farmer was Senior High School stage. And the range of work experience by each member of farmer group was about 20 years old; (2) the dynamism rate of Nijbaki livestock farmer on Oetsala Village, is in the dynamic category with the rate score achievement of 3,98 with maximum percentage of 79,67%; (3)The obstacles’ faced by cattle farmer as group member was dealt with, the irrelevancies of group purpose that was formulated that the purpose made showing the lack of benefit that feet by all goup members, the obstacles from the group solidarity were, lack of meeting frequency time among all members of group, the next obstacles was dealt with the task group function that was the lack of selft awareness of each group members in finishing the determine task, and the last was the obstacle dealt with the group effectiveness in which the program on the work plan was not executed according to work the will of group member because the tasks given haven’t been done perfectly.
TEKNIK PERTANIAN KONSERVASI BERDASARKAN PENGOLAHAN TANPA OLAH TANAH
Authors: Hendrik Ernantje
Published: September 2023

To support sustainable agriculture, technology and practices that have been proven relevant to increase production and environmental sustainability are needed. Conservation agriculture (CA) with three main principles, namely zero tillage (ZT), the use of cover crops and crop rotation has spread throughout the world, but by applying 1 or 2 of the three principles and on a very diverse land area, it has been proven to increase production yields in various places in the world (Fao, 2015a; Hobbs, 2012; FAO, 2014 in Hendrik et al, 2021). ZT with residue retention uses rainfall more efficiently and results in a more robust agronomic system than practices involving conventional tillage CT or ZT with residue removal. while conservation agriculture with zero tillage treatment and no residue retention gives lower yields than conventional farming practices (Verhulst et.al, 2011 in Romero-Perezgrovas, et al 2014). Conservation agriculture according to Derpsch et al, 2016, is based on diversification through crop rotation and cover crops and on fixed application without tillage. The results show that removing residues can reduce yields and reduce returns on ZT economic yields (Derpsch et al ,2014) . Planting without tillage (ZT) which is not combined with ground cover gives poor production performance (Ashburner, 1984 in Derpsch et al, 2014). In areas with low rainfall, the highest yields were obtained from ZT and the use of crop residue retention, in contrast to the conventional system (CT), and the lowest yields were obtained in the absence of  ZT and did not use residues. Similar results were also found in rainfed land, wheat and maize yields were drastically reduced when the residue was removed from the no till system (ZT). This means that the residue produced in many small-scale farms is not only low but also has many competing uses (Magnan et al., 2012; Valbuena et al., 2012; Tittonel et al., 2007). The majority of farmers use crop residues as animal feed (Hendrik, et al, 2021). Or crop residues are only burned in corn fields. For successful farming with conservation farming techniques, at least a combination of no tillage (ZT) and the use of crop residues as ground cover or crop rotation is required.
ANALISIS USAHATANI SAWI CAISIM DI KECAMATAN KUPANG TENGAH KABUPATEN KUPANG
Authors: Manu Ndun Asty Y. , Surayasa Made Tusan , Pellokila Marthen R.
Published: September 2023

Research on Analysisof Caisim Mustard Farming in Kupang Tengah District, Kupang Regency has been carried out with the aim of: 1) Analyzing the revenue and income costs of caisim mustard farming in Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency, 2) analyzing the feasibility of caisim mustard farming cultivated by farmers in Central Kupang District. Kupang Regency The research location was chosen intentionally, namely in Noelbaki Village and Oelpuah Village, Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency. Research respondents were caisim mustard farmers who were randomly assigned as many as 40 people. The data collected were analyzed using Cost and Revenue Analysis, as well as Business Feasibility Analysis (R/C Ratioand BEP)

The results showed that: 1) the average cost, revenue, and income of caisim mustard farming in Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency were: Rp. 1,054,077,-/are/planting, Rp 1.182.330,-/are/planting, and Rp 128,253/are/planting and 2) Caisim mustard farming cultivated by responden tfarmers in Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency isfeasibletodevelop (R /C Ratio 1.1, BEP Productionandprice<production and selling price
DINAMIKA KELOMPOK TANI DI DESA TUNFEU KECAMATAN NEKAMESE KABUPATEN KUPANG
Authors: Jeharum Flavianus , Nikolaus Serman , Nurwiana Ida
Published: September 2023

This research was conducted in Tunfeu Village, Nekamese District, Kupang Regency from March to April 2021 with the aim of knowing: (1) The level of dynamics of farmer groups in Tunfeu Village, Nekamese District, Kupang Regency which was studied from the aspect of group dynamics elements. (2) The relationship between socio-economic factors of farmer groups (age, education level, experience in farming, land area and number of dependents) with the level of dynamics of farmer groups in Tunfeu Village, Nekamese District, Kupang Regency in farming. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach method. Determination of the location is done purposively. The number of respondents selected was 47, which was taken intentionally from 4 farmer groups in Tunfeu Village. The data collected includes primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with respondents based on a list of questions (Quisoners) that had been prepared in advance; Meanwhile, to obtain secondary data, it is done through searching written documents available in the Agencies and literature related to this research. To find out the first purpose, the data were analyzed using Descriptive Statistical Analysis, namely Group Dynamics Analysis with a Likert Scale approach, while to find out the second purpose the data was analyzed using Spearman's Ladder Correlation. The results of the study are: 1) The dynamics of farmer groups in Tunfeu Village, Nekamese District, Kupang Regency is classified as "Dynam ic" with an average score of 3,39 or (51%). Elements of group pressure and developing and fostering groups that contributed the least amounted to 54%, 57%. 2) Socio-economic factors, namely showing that socio-economic factors such as while age and number of family dependents (tCounttTable=1,677) has a real/significant relationship with the dynamics of farmer groups in Tunfeu Village, Nekamese District Kupang Regency.
Analisis Sentiment Twitter Berbasis Grid Search Algorithm (GSA) Dengan Metode Support Vector Machine (SVM)
Authors: Wirasasmita Dedi , Anisa Efi
Published: September 2023

Twitter is a social networking service that has undergone tremendous growth and is gaining worldwide popularity at an accelerated rate. Twitter allows for the expression of unbiased thoughts on a variety of issues and can assist businesses in providing public feedback on well-known brands and items. Twitter is having trouble with good and negative answers. Researchers evaluated English-language tweets to determine the proportion of positive and negative replies to popular companies and items. This study will explore Twitter sentiment analysis utilizing the Grid Search Algorithm (GSA) and the support vector machine (SVM) technique. GSA is utilized by the feature selection model to optimize the classification procedure. In this work, training data and testing data are required to do sentiment analysis. Sanders Twitter 0.2 utilizes a dataset consisting of tweets retrieved from Twitter using the search terms @apple, #google, #microsoft, and #twitter. The collected dataset was manually annotated and included 654 negatives, 570 positives, 2503 neutrals, and 1786 irrelevant entries. Data are loaded, tokenized, weighted, preprocessed, filtered, and classified to conduct a sentiment analysis. The application's sentiment analysis achieved a degree of accuracy of up to 79% based on testing. The ratio of neutral and bad tweets on data sandboxes tends to be greater than the percentage of positive tweets, hence optimization rather than accuracy is obtained.
Aerodynamic Performance Improvement on NACA 4415 Airfoil by Using Cavity
Authors: Julian James , Iskandar Waridho , Wahyuni Fitri , Toding Bunga Nely
Published: September 2023

This study uses a numerical method to analyze the cavity's use on the airfoil's trailing edge and the aerodynamic effects it generates. The type of airfoil used is NACA 4415. The variations in the Reynolds number examined in this study are 2×105 and 3×105. The governing equation is the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes paired with the k-ε turbulence model. This study concludes that the cavity can increase Cl in the airfoil but cannot delay the stall. The increase in Cd is also a negative effect of using a cavity in the airfoil. The cavity can increase Cl by increasing the pressure on the lower side near the trailing edge. Meanwhile, the cavity increases Cd because it creates a separation of the fluid flow, forming a vortex when viewed in a streamlined form of fluid flow.
The The Effect of Micro Geometry with Various Forms as Passive Flow Control in NACA 4415
Authors: Julian James , Anggara Rizki Aldi , Wahyuni Fitri , Bunga Nely Toding
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the effect of variations in the micro geometry with various forms as passive flow control devices on the aerodynamic capability of the airfoil. Micro-cylinder, micro-slat, and micro-cube are installed close to the leading edge of the NACA 4415 airfoil as a micro geometric variation of passive flow control devices with a predetermined diameter of 3% c located at coordinates x= 0% c and y= 8 %c of the leading edge of the airfoil. The Reynolds number used in this study is Re =  with AoA variations from 0°-30°. This study's results show a decrease in Cl of 12% with a micro-cylinder, 26% with a micro-slat, and 28% with a micro-cube. In addition, the Cd produced by using the variation of the device micro geometry has increased significantly. Thus, the final result is a lift-to-drag ratio of more petite than the without micro. In the streamlined contour shown when the airfoil is at a high angle of attack, the use of micro geometric variations of passive flow control devices can have an effect that causes reduced recirculation that occurs in the airfoil. However, the impact of these devices is not optimal, resulting in a reduction in the aerodynamic capability of the NACA 4415 airfoil.
ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻧﻐﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻏﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ
Authors: ﺩ. ﺣﺳﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﻘﻭﺏ
Published: September 2023

ﻨظ ار ﻟﻛون اﻻﻏﻨﻴﺔ- اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤوﺴﻴﻘﻴﺔ اﻻﻗدم واﻻﻛﺜر ﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ٬ اﺘﺨذت رﻛﻴزة أﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ

 

ﻻﻛﺴﺎب اﻟطﺎﻟـب ﺨﺒـرة اﻟﺘﻌـرف ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻤـﺎت وﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼـﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤوﺴـﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺴـﻤوﻋﺔ. وذﻟـك

 

ﺠـزءا ﻤـن اﻟﺨﺒـ ارت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻴﻛﺘﺴـﺒﻬﺎ اﻟطﺎﻟـب ٬ ﺘطﺒﻴﻘﻴـﺎ ٬ ﻓـﻲ ﻤـﺎدة ﺘرﺒﻴـﺔ اﻟﺴـﻤﻊ ﻓـﻲ ﻗﺴـم اﻟﻔﻨـون

 

اﻟﻤوﺴﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺒﻛﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﻔﻨـون اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠـﺔ. وﻏﺎﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ رﺒـط اﻟﺘطﺒﻴـق ﺒﺎﻟﻨظرﻴـﺔ ٬ ﻻﺒـد ﻤـن اﻟﺘوﻗـف ﻋﻨـد

 

ﻨظﺎﻤﻴـﻪ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺤﻴﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻻﻏﻨﻴـﺔ ٬ ﻟﻴﺘﺴـﻨﻰ اﻟﻛﺸـف ﻋـن ﺒﻌـض ﻗواﻋـد اﻟﺘﻨﻐـﻴم اﻟﻤﻘـﺎﻤﻲ

 

اﻟﻤﺘﻛوﻨـﺔ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺴـﺘوى ﺒﻨﻴﺘﻬـﺎ اﻻﺒﺘداﺌﻴـﺔ ٬ ﻟﻌﻠﻬـﺎ ﺘﻘـدم ﻤﻔﻬوﻤـﺎ ﻨظرﻴـﺎ اﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺎ ٬ اذ طﺎﻟﻤـﺎ

 

اﻛﺘﺴـب ﻤﺒـدا اﻟﻠﺤﻨﻴـﺔ اﺴـﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴـرة ﻓـﻲ اﻻﻏﻨﻴـﺔ ٬ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀـﻰ ﺘطـور ﻨﻤطﻬـﺎ اﻟﻌـﺎطﻔﻲ اﻟـذي

 

اﻨﺠـب اﺸـﻛﺎﻻ ﻤوﺴـﻌﺔ ﻤـن اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺎت ٬ ﺤﻴـث ﻴﺠـري ٬ ﻓـﻲ اﻻﻏﻠﺒﻴـﺔ اﻟﺴـﺎﺤﻘﺔ ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ٬ اﻟﺘﺎﻛﻴـد ﻋﻠـﻰ

 

اﻟﻘـ ارر اﻻﺴﺎﺴـﻲ. وﺒﻨـﺎءا ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤوﻗـﻊ اﻟﻘـ ارر ٬ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﻠـك اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺎت ٬ ﻴﻤﻛـن اﻻﺸـﺎرة اﻟـﻰ ﻤﺒـداﻴن

 

اﺴﺎﺴﻴن ﻓﻲ ﺘﻛوﻴﻨﻪ- ﺜﻼث ﻤ ارﺤـﻝ ﺒـﺎﻻوﻝ: ﻗـ ارر- ﻻاﺴـﺘﻘ ارر- ﻗـ ارر - ٬ وﻤـرﺤﻠﺘﻴن ﺒﺎﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ:

 

ﻻ اﺴﺘﻘ ارر- ﻗـ ارر . وﻴﻘﺼـد ﺒـﺎﻟﻘ ارر- اﻟﻤرﺤﻠـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘـﻊ ﺒﺎﺴـﺎس ﺼـﻠب ﻗـﺎﺌم ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤرﻛـز

 

اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻤﻲ. اﻤﺎ اﻟﻼﺴﺘﻘ ارر ﻓﻐﻴر ﻤﺤـدد ﻤـن ﻨﺎﺤﻴـﺔ اﻟﻤﻘـﺎم وطﺒﻘﺘـﻪ ٬ ﻻن ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺘﻛوﻴﻨـﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻐﻴﻤـﻲ

ﻻﺘﺘﺴم ﺒطﺎﺒﻊ دﻗﻴق اﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ.
ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻁﻠﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩﻳﺔ
Authors: ﺩ. ﺣﻳﺩﺭ ﻛﺭﻳﻡ ﺳﻛﺭ
Published: September 2023

ﻴﻌد اﻹﻨﺴﺎن ﻛﺎﺌﻨﺎً اﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎً ﻴﻤﻴﻝ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻴش وﺴط ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺔ ﻓﻬـو ﺴـوف ﻴﺸـﻌر

ﺒﺎﻷﻤن واﻻﺴﺘﻘ ارر واﻟطﻤﺄﻨﻴﻨﺔ وﺘﺸﺒﻊ ﺤﺎﺠﺘﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻻﻨﺘﻤﺎء وﻴﺠد اﻹﻨﺴﺎن ذاﺘـﻪ ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ ﻫـذا

اﻻﻨﺘﻤـﺎء ﻓﻬﻨـﺎك اﻟﻛﺜﻴـر ﻤـن اﻟﺴـﻠوﻛﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘـﻨم ﻋـن طﺒﻴﻌـﺔ اﻹﻨﺴـﺎن اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ وﻤـن ﻫـذﻩ

اﻟﺴــﻠوﻛﺎت اﻟﺘﻌــﺎون واﻹﻴﺜــﺎر واﻟﺘﻛﺎﻓــﻝ اﻻﺠﺘﻤــﺎﻋﻲ وﻋــﺎدة ﻤــﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﻴــز اﻟﻌﻼﻗــﺎت اﻹﻨﺴــﺎﻨﻴﺔ

 

ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻤﺎﺴك اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ وﻛذﻟك ﻴﻛون ﻫﻨﺎك ﺘﺠﺎذﺒﺎً اﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﺒﻴن اﻷﻓ ارد.

وﻤــن ﺨــﻼﻝ ﻫــذﻩ اﻟﻌﻼﻗــﺎت ﻴﻛﺘﺴــب اﻟﻔــرد ﻤﺨﺘﻠــف اﻟﻤﻌــﺎﻴﻴر اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴــﺔ واﻟﺨﻠﻘﻴــﺔ

واﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﻤـﺔ وﻴـﺘﻌﻠم ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ أن ﻴﺴـﻠك ﺒطرﻴﻘـﺔ اﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﺘواﻓـق ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋـﺔ

وﻴرﺘﻀـﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ. إذ ﻴﺘﺤـوﻝ اﻟﻔـرد ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ ﻫـذا اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤـﻝ ﻤـن طﻔـﻝ ﻴﻌﺘﻤـد ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏﻴـرﻩ

ﻤﺘﻤرﻛز ﺤوﻝ ذاﺘﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻬدف ﻓـﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺘـﻪ إﻻ إﻟـﻰ إﺸـﺒﺎع ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺘـﻪ اﻟﻔﺴـﻴوﻟوﺠﻴﺔ إﻟـﻰ ﻓـرد ﻨﺎﻀـﺞ

ﻴدرك ﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﺴؤوﻟﻴﺔ اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ٬ وﻛﻴف ﻴﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ وﻴﻌرف ﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻔردﻴﺔ واﻻﺴﺘﻘﻼﻝ وﻴﺴﻠك

ﻤﻌﺘﻤـداً ﻋﻠـﻰ ذاﺘـﻪ ٬ وﻴﺴـﺘطﻴﻊ أن ﻴﻀـﺒط اﻨﻔﻌﺎﻻﺘـﻪ ٬ وﻴـﺘﺤﻛم ﻓـﻲ إﺸـﺒﺎع ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺘـﻪ ﺒﻤـﺎ ﻴﺘﻔـق

واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴر اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﻴدرك ﻗﻴم اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ وﻴﻠﺘزم ﺒﻬﺎ. وﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘطﻴﻊ أن ﻴﻘﻴم ﻫذا اﻟﺘﻌﻠق

 

ﻓﺈن ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺒﺄﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺘﺘﺄﺜر ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎً ﻓﻴﻨﺴﺤب ﺒﻌﻴداً ﻋﻨﻬم وﻴﻌﻴش ﻓﻲ وﺤدة وﻋزﻟﺔ.

وﺘﻤﺜﻝ اﻟﻌزﻟﺔ اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ Social Isolation ﻤظﻬ اًر ﻤن ﻤظﺎﻫر اﻟﺴﻠوك اﻹﻨﺴـﺎﻨﻲ

ﻟـﻪ ﺘـﺄﺜﻴ ارت ﺨطﻴـرة ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ اﻟﻔـرد وﻋﻼﻗﺘـﻪ ﺒـﺎﻵﺨرﻴن ٬ إذ ﻴﺸـﻴر إﻟـﻰ ﻋـدم ﻗدرﺘـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ

اﻻﻨﺨ ارط ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ أو ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤواﺼﻠﺔ اﻻﻨﺨ ارط ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ٬ وﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘوﻗﻌـﻪ أو ﺘﻤرﻛـزﻩ

ﺤـوﻝ ذاﺘـﻪ ٬ ﻓﻘـد ﺘﻨﻔﺼـﻝ ذاﺘـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟـﺔ ﻋـن ذوات اﻵﺨـرﻴن ﻤﻤـﺎ ﻴـدﻝ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋـدم ﻛﻔﺎﻴـﺔ

ﺠﺎذﺒﻴﺔ ﺸﺒﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔرد ﻤن ﺤﻴث ﻋدم اﻻرﺘﺒﺎط ﺒﻴن أﻋﻀﺎﺌﻬﺎ أو اﻻﻏﺘ ارب

ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬم ﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺎب اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻛﺎﻤﻠﺔ اﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺎً. وﻗـد ﻴرﺠـﻊ ذﻟـك إﻟـﻰ اﻟﺘﻘـدم اﻟﺴـرﻴﻊ اﻟـذي

ﺸـﻬدﺘﻪ اﻟﺤﻴـﺎة ﻓـﻲ اﻵوﻨـﺔ اﻷﺨﻴـرة وﻫـو ﻤـﺎ ﺴـﺎﻫم إﻟـﻰ ﺤـد ﻛﺒﻴـر ﻓـﻲ اﻨﺘﺸـﺎر اﻟﻘﻠـق واﻻﻛﺘﺌـﺎب

ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋن ﺘﺒدد اﻟﻛﺜﻴر ﻤن اﻟﻘﻴم وﺘﺒدﻟﻬﺎ واﻀط ارب اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﺸﻌور ﺒﻌـدم اﻷﻤـن

 

اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ (ﻤﺤﻤد ٬٢٠٠٠ ٬ ص .(١٩٣

وﺘﺒـرز ﻤﺸـﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺤــث اﻟﺤـﺎﻟﻲ ﻤــن طﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ﺤﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﻤرﺤﻠــﺔ اﻟد ارﺴـﻴﺔ (اﻹﻋدادﻴــﺔ)

ﺤﻴث ﻴﻛون ﻫﻨﺎ اﻟطﺎﻟب ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﻠق وﺘوﺘر ﻛوﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻤرﺤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺤدد ﻓﻲ ﻀـوﺌﻬﺎ ﻤﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ

اﻷﻛـﺎدﻴﻤﻲ ﻓـﻲ دﺨوﻟـﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ أم ﻻ. وﻟﻬـذا ﻴﺼـﺒﺢ اﻟطﺎﻟـب ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﺎﻟـﺔ ﻤـن اﻻﺒﺘﻌـﺎد ﻋـن

اﻵﺨـرﻴن وﺨﺎﺼـﺔ طﻴﻠـﺔ ﻓﺘـرة اﻻﻤﺘﺤﺎﻨـﺎت ﻷﻨـﻪ ﻴﺤـﺎوﻝ أن ﻴﺤﻘـق أﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺴـﺘوى ﻤﻤﻛـن ﻤـن

اﻟﻨﺠــﺎح. وﻤــن ﺨــﻼﻝ ﻤــﺎ ﻻﺤظــﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﺤــث أﺜﻨــﺎء زﻴﺎ ارﺘــﻪ إﻟــﻰ اﻟﻤــدارس ﻓــﻲ ﻓﺘــرة اﻟﺘطﺒﻴــق

واﻹﺸـ ارف ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟطﻠﺒـﺔ وﻤـﺎ ﺴـﻤﻌﻪ ﻤـن إدا ارت اﻟﻤـدارس ﻤـن ﻤﻼﺤظـﺎت ﺤـوﻝ طﻠﺒـﺘﻬم ﻛـون

ﻗﺴم ﻤـن اﻟطﻠﺒـﺔ ﻟـدﻴﻬم ﺤـﺎﻻت ﻴﺒﺘﻌـدون ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻋـن اﻵﺨـرﻴن. ﻟـذا ﻓـﺈن اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺤﺎوﻟـت
ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﺣﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭ
Authors: ﺩ. ﺻﻼﺡ ﻻﺯﻡ
Published: September 2023

ﺒـدأ اﻟﻨﺤـت اﻟﻌ ارﻗـﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼـر ﺒـﺎﻟظﻬور ﺒﻌـد اﻷرﺒﻌﻴﻨـﺎت ﻤـن اﻟﻘـرن اﻟﻤﺎﻀـﻲ ٬ وﻤـن

اﻟﻤﻌروف إن ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻤرﺤﻠـﺔ اﻤﺘـﺎزت ﺒﺘﻐﻴـ ارت اﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ وﻓﻨﻴـﺔ ﻛﺜﻴـرة أﺜـرت ﺒﺼـورة ﻤﺒﺎﺸـرة ﻓـﻲ

ﻤﺴــﺘوى اﻟﻨﺘــﺎج اﻟﻨﺤﺘــﻲ ٬ ﻤــن ﺤﻴــث اﻟﻤﺴــﺘوى واﻷﺴــﻠوب إذ ﻟــم ﺘﻌــد اﻟﻤــﺎدة واﻟﺸــﻛﻝ ﻀــﻤن

اﻟﻤﻔﻬـوم اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴـدي. ﺒـﻝ أﺼـﺒﺤت ﺼـﻔﺔ ﻤـن ﺼـﻔﺎت اﻟواﻗـﻊ اﻟﻤﺘطـور اﻟ ازﺨـر ﺒـﺎﻟﻤواد اﻟﺠدﻴـدة

واﻟﻐرﻴﺒـﺔ ﺠﺎرﻓـﺔ اﻟﻨﺤـت ﻋـن ﻤﺴـﺎرﻩ اﻟﻛﻼﺴـﻴﻛﻲ ﺒﻤﺴـﺎ ارت ﺠدﻴـدة وﻤﺜﻴـرة ﺸـﻛﻠﻴﺎً وﻏرﻴﺒـﺔ ﻓﻛرﻴـﺎ ٬ً

ﻤﻛوﻨـﺔ ﻋﻼﻗـﺎت (ﺸـﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺎدﻴـﺔ) اﻋﺘﻤـدت ﺒﺎﻷﺴـﺎس ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺨﺒـرة اﻟﻔﻨـﺎن ﻓـﻲ إﺒـداع أﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﻓﻨﻴـﺔ

ﻤﻌﺒرة ﻋن ﺘﺠرﺒﺘﻪ اﻟذاﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤواءﻤـﺔ ﺒـﻴن ﻫـذﻴن اﻟﻌﻨﺼـرﻴن ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﻬـﻴﻤن ﻓـﻲ إﺨـ ارج اﻟﻨﺘـﺎج

 

اﻟﻨﺤﺘﻲ .

أﺼﺒﺤت ﻟﻠﻔﻨﺎن اﻟﻌ ارﻗﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼر ﺨﺼوﺼﻴﺔ ﺤﺎﻀرة ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴـر اﻟﻔﻨـﻲ ٬ إﻨـﻪ ﻴﺤﻤـﻝ

روح اﻟﻌﺼـر اﻟـذي ﻴﻌﻴﺸـﻪ ﻓﻀـﻼً ﻋـن اﻟﺘطـور اﻟﺘﻘﻨـﻲ اﻟـذي ﻴواﻛﺒـﻪ ﻤـن دون أن ﻴﻔﻘـد ﺠـذورﻩ

اﻟﻔﻨﻴـﺔ اﻷﺼـﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺘـدة ﻋﺒـر آﻻف اﻟﺴـﻨﻴن ٬ أي إن اﻟﻤوازﻨـﺔ ﺒـﻴن اﻟﻤـوروث اﻟﺤﻀـﺎري وروح

اﻟﻌﺼـر اﻟﺤـﺎﻟﻲ ﺒـرزت ﺒﺼـورة ﺠﻠﻴـﺔ ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ ﻗدرﺘـﻪ ﻓـﻲ اﻹﺒـداع واﻟﺘﺤـوﻝ ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ ﻓﻬﻤـﻪ

ﻟﻤﺸﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة واﻟﺸﻛﻝ وﺘﺤﻘﻴـق اﻟﺘﺠـﺎﻨس اﻟﻔﻌﻠـﻲ ٕواذاﺒﺘﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻟـب اﻟﺘﺸـﻛﻴﻠﻲ ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺘﻐﻴـ ارت

ﺒدأت ﺘﺄﺨذ ﻤﻛﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺤـت اﻟﻌ ارﻗـﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼـر ﺒﻌـد ﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻘـد اﻟ ارﺒـﻊ ﻤـن اﻟﻘـرن اﻟﻤﺎﻀـﻲ

إذ ﺒدا ﺘوﺠـﻪ اﻟﻔﻨـﺎن ﻴﻨﺼـب ﻓـﻲ اﺴـﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻛـﻝ اﻹﻤﻛﺎﻨﻴـﺎت اﻟﻤﺎدﻴـﺔ ﻤﺴـﺘﻔﻴداً ﻤـن ﻋـﺎﻤﻠﻲ اﻟﻨـدرة

واﻟﺘﻨـوع ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌﻤـﻝ اﻟﻨﺤﺘـﻲ ٬ ﻓﻀـﻼً ﻋـن دور اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ وﻤـﺎ ﺘﺴـﻬم ﺒـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺒﻨـﺎء اﻟﻔﻨـﻲ ٬

ﻤﺴـﺘﻌﻴﻨﺎً ﺒﻤـواد ﻤﺤﻠﻴـﺔ وأﺨـرى ﻤﺴـﺘوردة إن أﻤﻛـن اﻟﻘـوﻝ ﻓﺎﺘﺤـﺎً ﺒـذﻟك اﻟﻤﺠـﺎﻝ ﻟـدﺨوﻝ ﻋﺼـر

ﺠدﻴـد ﻤﻠـﺊ ﺒﺎﻹﺜـﺎرة واﻟﻤﺘﻌـﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻤرﺘﻛـ اًز ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻘـدرة ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤواءﻤـﺔ ﺒـﻴن ﻋﻨﺼـري اﻟﻤـﺎدة

 

واﻟﺸﻛﻝ .

ﻨﻔﻬم ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻘدم إن ﻓرض ﺸروط ﺸﻛﻝ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎدة ﻤﺎ وﻓـرض ﺸـروط ﻤـﺎدة ﻤـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ

ﺸـﻛﻝ ﻤـﺎ أﺼـﺒﺢ ﻤﻤﻛﻨـﺎً (ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـرﻏم ﻤـن اﻟﺘﻔـﺎوت ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻬـﺎ ارت اﻟﻔردﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻨـﺎن) ﺒﺴـﺒب ﻛﻔـﺎءة

اﻟﻔﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ إﻗﺴﺎر اﻟﻤواد وﺼﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒودﻗﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻟب اﻟﻨﺤﺘﻲ ٬ ﻓﻀﻼً ﻋن ط ارﺌق ﻤوﺠودة ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ

ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤواد واﻟﺘﻼﻋب ﻓﻲ ﺨواﺼﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﻛﻠﻴﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺗﺣﺻﻳﻝ ﻁﻠﺑﺔ ﻗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻳﺎﺿﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺗﺣﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻭﺍﺩﺍﻟﺗﺧﺻﺻﻳﻪ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ. ﺩ. ﻣﻧﻰ ﻁﻪ ﺃﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺩﺭﻱ  , ﻡ.ﻡ. ﻏﺎﻟﺏ ﺧﺯﻋﻝ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﻣﺷﻛﻭﺭ
Published: September 2023

ﻟﻠﺘرﺒﻴــﺔ دور ﻤﻬــم ﻓــﻲ ﺘوﺜﻴــق اﻟﺼــﻠﺔ ﺒــﻴن اﻟﻨﺎﺸــﺊ واﻟﺒﻴﺌــﺔ ٕواﻋﺎﻨﺘــﻪ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟﻨﻤــو ﻓــﻲ اﻻﺘﺠــﺎﻩ

اﻟﻤرﻏـوب ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻓﺎﻟﻤدرﺴـﺔ ﺒوﺼـﻔﻬﺎ ﻤؤﺴﺴـﻪ اﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﻪ ﺘﻌﻤـﻝ ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘرﺒوﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ

 

ﺘﺤﻘﻴق وﺘطوﻴر اﻷﻫداف اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴرﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﻤﻌﻴن. :١١) ص (٥

 

وﻷﻫﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﻤﻨـﺎﻫﺞ اﻟد ارﺴـﻴﺔ ﺒوﺼـﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺼـ ار" أﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺎ" ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘرﺒوﻴـﺔ ووﺴـﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘرﺒﻴـﺔ

 

وﻤﺤﺘواﻫــﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴــق أﻫــداﻓﻬﺎ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻨﻤــو اﻟﺸــﺎﻤﻝ ﻟﻠﻤــﺘﻌﻠم وﺒﻨــﺎء ﺴــﻠوﻛﻪ وﺘﻌدﻴﻠــﻪ وﻓﻘــﺎ ﻟﻔﻠﺴــﻔﺔ

 

اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ وأﻫداﻓﻪ ٬ ﻛﺎن ﻻﺒد ﻷي ﻨظﺎم ﺘرﺒوي ﻤن أن ﻴﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﺎ" د ارﺴﻴﺎ" . وﻟﻛﻲ ﺘﺘم ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ

 

ﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻨـﺎﻫﺞ وﺘطوﻴرﻫـﺎ ﺒﺸـﻛﻝ ﻋﻠﻤـﻲ ﺴـﻠﻴم ﻻﺒـد أن ﺘرﺘﻛـز ﻋﻠـﻰ أﺴـس ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺔ رﺼـﻴﻨﺔ ٬ وﻤـن

 

ﺨـﻼﻝ أدوات ﺘﺘﺼـف ﺒﺎﻟﺼـدق واﻟﻤوﻀـوﻋﻴﺔ ٬ ﻓﺎﻟﻛﺘـﺎب اﻟﻤدرﺴـﻲ ﻟـﻴس ﻤﺠـرد وﺴـﻴﻠﻪ ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﻪ

 

ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘدرﻴس ﺒﻝ اﻨﻪ اﻟﺘدرﻴس ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻫو اﻟدرس ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻪ وﻛﻝ ﻤـﺎ ﻴﺴـﺘﻌﺎن ﺒـﻪ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘـدرﻴس أﻨﻤـﺎ

 

ﻫﻲ أﺸﻴﺎء ﺘﺎﺒﻌﻪ ﻟﻠﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻤدرﺴﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﻼﻤﻴذ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻬم ﻓﻬـو اﺼـﻝ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘرﺒوﻴـﺔ

 

وﻟــﻴس ﻤﺠــرد ﻤﻌــﻴن ﻋﻠﻴﻬــﺎ وﺨﺼوﺼــﺎ" ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻤرﺤﻠــﺔ اﻻﺒﺘداﺌﻴــﺔ ﻟﻛــون اﻷﺴــﺎس ﻟﻠﻤدرﺴــﺔ

 

اﻻﺒﺘداﺌﻴﺔ ﻫو ﺘزوﻴد ﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷطﻔﺎﻝ اﺒﺘداء " ﻤن إﻛﻤﺎﻟﻬم اﻟﺴﺎدﺴﺔ ﻤـن اﻟﻌﻤـر ﺒﺎﻟﺘرﺒﻴـﺔ واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓـﺔ

 

اﻟﻀرورﺘﻴن ﻟﺠﻌﻠﻬم ﻤواطﻨﻴن ﺼـﺎﻟﺤﻴن ﺴـﻠﻴﻤﻲ اﻟﺠﺴـم واﻟﻌﻘـﻝ واﻟﺨﻠـق ﻴؤﻤﻨـون ﺒـﺎﷲ وﻴـدرﻛون

 

رﺴــﺎﻟﺘﻬم آﻟوطﻨﻴـــﺔ واﻻﻨﺴـــﺎﻨﻴﻪ ٬ وﻴﺨﻠﺼـــون ﻟـــوطﻨﻬم ٬ وﻴﻬـــدف إﻟـــﻰ اﻛﺘﺸـــﺎف اﺴـــﺘﻌداداﺘﻬم

 

وﻤواﻫﺒﻬم ﻟﺘوﺠﻴﻬﻬم اﻟﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺎﺴب ﻫذﻩ اﻻﺴـﺘﻌدادات واﻟﻤواﻫـب وﻴﻛﻔـﻝ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺘﻬـﺎ واﻻﻨﺘﻔـﺎع ﺒﻬـﺎ

 

ﻓـﻲ ﺤﻴـﺎﺘﻬم اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴـﺔ واﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴـﺔ ٬ ﻓﺘﺴـﻌﻰ اﻟﻤﻨـﺎﻫﺞ اﻟد ارﺴـﻴﺔ إﻟـﻰ ﺘزوﻴـد اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤـﻴن

 

ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺒ ارت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺴـﻬم ﻓـﻲ ﻨﻤـو ﻨﺸـﺎطﻬم وﺘﻛـوﻴن اﻟﻤﻔـﺎﻫﻴم ﻟـدﻴﻬم وﺘﻨﻤﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ٬ ﻓـﺈذا ﻛﺎﻨـت أﺤـدى

 

اﻟوظﺎﺌف اﻻﺴﺎﺴﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﺘرﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻨﻘﻝ اﻟﺨﺒ ارت واﻟﻤﻌﺎرف اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘوﺼﻠت إﻟﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺸرﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤـر

 

اﻟﻌﺼور إﻟﻰ اﻷﺠﻴﺎﻝ اﻟﺤﺎﻀرة ﻓﺎن اﻟﻤرﺒﻴن ﻗد اﻫﺘﻤـوا ﺒﺘزوﻴـد اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤـﻴن ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻔـﺎﻫﻴم اﻻﺴﺎﺴـﻴﻪ

 

اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘوﺼﻝ ﺘﻠك اﻟﺨﺒ ارت ﻤن ﺒﻴن ذﻟك اﻟﻛم اﻟﻬﺎﺌﻝ ﻤن اﻟﻤﻌـﺎرف واﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت ٬ ﻓﻀـﻼ ﻋـن
ﺍﻟﻔﻧﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻛﻭﻳﺗﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻳﻘﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩﻱ
Authors: ﻣﻬﻳﻣﻥ ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﺯﺭﺍﻭﻱ
Published: September 2023

طﻠب ﻤﻨﻲ اﻟدﻛﺘور اﻟﻔﺎﻀﻝ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﺤﻤد اﻟﻔﻬداوي رﺌﻴس ﻗﺴـم اﻟﻔﻨـون اﻟﻤوﺴـﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ

اﻟﻔﻨـون اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠـﺔ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺒﻐـداد أن أﺸـﺎرك ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤـؤﺘﻤر اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ اﻟﺜـﺎﻤن ﻟﻠﻛﻠﻴـﺔ ٬ وﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـرﻏم

ﻤـن ﻗﺼـر اﻟﻔﺘـرة اﻟزﻤﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓﻘـد ﻟﻤﻠﻤـت أﻓﻛـﺎري واﺨﺘـرت اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒـﺔ ﻋـن اﺤـد اﻟﻔﻨـﺎﻨﻴن اﻟﻌـ ارﻗﻴﻴن

اﻟﻤﻨﺴـﻴﻴن اﻟـذي ﻗـدم ﻟﻠﺘـ ارث اﻟﻤوﺴـﻴﻘﻲ واﻟﻐﻨـﺎﺌﻲ اﻟﺒﻐـدادي اﻟﺸـﻲء اﻟﻛﺜﻴـر ٬ وﻫـو اﻟﻔﻨـﺎن ﺼـﺎﻟﺢ

اﻟﻛـوﻴﺘﻲ ٕواﺒـ ارز دورﻩ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤوﺴـﻴﻘﻰ واﻟﻐﻨـﺎء اﻟﺒﻐـدادي ٬ وآﻤـﻝ أن أﻛـون ﻗـد وﻓﻘـت ﻓـﻲ اﺨﺘﻴـﺎر

 

ﻫذا اﻟﻤوﻀوع.

ﻤــن وﺠﻬــﺔ ﻨظــر اﻟﺒﺎﺤــث ﻴﻌــد اﻟﻔﻨــﺎن ﺼــﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻛــوﻴﺘﻲ ﻤــن رواد اﻟﻤوﺴــﻴﻘﻴﻴن واﻟﻤﻠﺤﻨــﻴن

اﻟﻌـ ارﻗﻴﻴن اﻟﺒـﺎرزﻴن اﻟـذي ﺘـرك ﺒﺼـﻤﺎﺘﻪ اﻟﻔﻨﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺴـﻴرة اﻟﺤرﻛـﺔ اﻟﻔﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌ ارﻗﻴـﺔ ﻤﻨـذ أواﺌـﻝ

اﻟﻘرن اﻟﻌﺸرﻴن وﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎم ١٩٥١ م إذ ﺘﺸﺘت أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ وﻛﺎدت أن ﺘﻨدﺜر ﻟﻬذا ﻓﺈن ﻫذا اﻟﺒﺤث

 

ﻫو ﻤﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﺠﺎدة ﻟد ارﺴﺔ ﺤﻴﺎة ﻫذا اﻟﻔﻨﺎن اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻲ وﻨﺘﺎﺠﻪ.

ﻴﺘﻛـون اﻟﺒﺤـث ﻤـن أرﺒﻌـﺔ ﻓﺼـوﻝ ٬ ﺘﻨـﺎوﻝ اﻟﺒﺎﺤـث ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻔﺼـﻝ اﻷوﻝ ﻤﻨـﻪ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺒﺤـث

واﻟد ارﺴﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ٬ أﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺼﻝ اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻘد ﺘﻨﺎوﻝ اﻟﺒﺎﺤث ﺤﻴﺎة ﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻛوﻴﺘﻲ وﻓﻨﻪ ٬ وﻓﻲ

اﻟﻔﺼﻝ اﻟﺜﺎﻟث ﻤن اﻟﺒﺤـث ﻓﻘـد ﺘﻨـﺎوﻝ اﻟﺒﺎﺤـث اﻟﻔﻨـﺎن ﺼـﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻛـوﻴﺘﻲ وأﺜـرﻩ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺤرﻛـﺔ اﻟﻔﻨﻴـﺔ

اﻟﻌ ارﻗﻴﺔ. وأﺨﻴ ار أﺨﺘﺘم اﻟﺒﺎﺤث اﻟﻔﺼﻝ اﻟ ارﺒﻊ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎت واﻟﺘوﺼﻴﺎت ﻓﻀﻼً ﻋـن اﻟﻤﺼـﺎدر

واﻟﻤ ارﺠـﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ اﻋﺘﻤـد ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﺤـث وﻤﻠﺤـق واﺤـد اﻗﺘﺒﺴـﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﺤـث ﻟﻀـرورﺘﻪ ﻤـن

اﻟﺠـزء اﻟﺜـﺎﻤن ﻟﻛﺘـﺎب (ﺘـﺎرﻴﺦ اﻟـو از ارت اﻟﻌ ارﻗﻴـﺔ) ﻟﻠﻤـؤرخ اﻟﻌ ارﻗـﻲ اﻟﻤرﺤـوم اﻟﺴـﻴد ﻋﺒـد اﻟـر ازق

 

اﻟﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ طﺒﻌﺘﻪ اﻟﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻤوﺴﻌﺔ واﻟﻤزﻴدة ﻤن إﺼدا ارت دار اﻟﺸؤون اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ.

وﻴﺄﻤــﻝ اﻟﺒﺎﺤــث ﻤــن اﻟﻤﺸــﺎرﻛﻴن اﻷﻓﺎﻀــﻝ ﻓــﻲ ﻫــذا اﻟﻤــؤﺘﻤر إﺒــداء آ ارﺌﻬــم وﻤﻼﺤظــﺎﺘﻬم

 

واﻗﺘ ارﺤـﺎﺘﻬم ﺤـوﻝ ﻤوﻀـوع اﻟﺒﺤـث ﺨدﻤـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﻴرة اﻟﻔﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻋ ارﻗﻨـﺎ اﻟﻌزﻴـز وﻤـن اﷲ اﻟﻌزﻴـز

اﻟﻘدﻴر ﻨﺴﺘﻤد اﻟﻌزم واﻟﺘوﻓﻴق.
Phenolic compounds inhibit viability and infectivity of the grapevine pathogens Diplodia seriata, Eutypa lata, Fomitiporia mediterranea, and Neofusicoccum parvum
Authors: ŠTŮSKOVÁ Kateřina , MONDELLO Vincenzo , HAKALOVÁ Eliška , TEKIELSKA Dorota , FONTAINE Florence , EICHMEIER Aleš
Published: September 2023

Many fungal pathogens are associated with grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), which cause important yield and economic losses in grape production. There are no effective control methods against GTDs once plants are infected, so research is aimed at preventive measures to avoid infections in nurseries and vineyards. Inhibitory activities of the phenolic compounds eugenol, epigallocatechin–3–O–gallate (EGCG) and thymol against the GTD fungi Diplodia seriata, Eutypa lata, Fomitiporia mediterranea and Neofusicoccum parvum were assessed in vitro, and in planta as grapevine pruning wound treatments. Greatest inhibition of pathogen mycelium growth was observed with eugenol (fungistatic at 1,500 µg mL–1, fungicidal at 2,500 µg mL–1). No inhibitory activity against GTD fungi was observed with EGCG. Minimum concentrations with in vitro inhibitory effects on D. seriata and N. parvum spore germination were 360 µg mL–1 for thymol and 750 µg mL–1 for eugenol. In the grapevine wound protection tests, thymol was effective against N. parvum at 360 µg mL–1, but eugenol was not.
Penyuluhan Kesehatan untuk Tumbuh Kembang Bayi dan Balita di RT 6 Ranai Kabupaten Natuna
Authors: Faesal Andita , Nurlan Nurlan , Fitriadi Imam , Suadi Tajudin
Published: September 2023

The organization of this community service activity aims to increase the understanding and knowledge of mothers who have infants and toddlers about the growth and development of infants and toddlers so that mothers are expected to be able to recognize the early signs of disturbances in the growth and development of infants and toddlers. The community service method used is lecture, discussion and question and answer as well as direct examination which includes measurement of height and weight. The material provided includes nutrition in infants and toddlers, importance of immunization for infants and toddlers and signs of impaired growth and development of infants and toddlers. The results obtained in this activity were that all participants stated that this activity was very useful because it increased their knowledge and could recognize signs of impaired growth and development in their children.
Pelatihan Penulisan Karya Tulis Ilmiah untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesional Guru
Authors: Fuad Ramli , Gita Yuda , Sukri Akhmad , Adia Muhamad
Published: September 2023

The Community Service Program (PKM) which is carried out aims to increase the willingness of teachers to write scientific papers, improve the ability of teachers to write scientific papers, and improve the ability to search references in various sources. The implementation of PKM is preceded by providing information to the principal about the training activities to be carried out, giving invitations to teachers who will be training participants, carrying out training, and making reports on the results of the implementation of activities. The materials presented during the training were: 1) The urgency of writing scientific papers to improve the career and knowledge of educators; 2) Strategies for writing scientific papers in proceedings and journals; 3) Various scientific journals; and 4) Systematics of proceedings and journal articles. Participants also get guidance on writing scientific papers in tutorial activities and practice writing scientific papers. The training participants were 23 elementary school teachers in Sumber Manjing Wetan District. After the training, the results obtained are: 1) an increase in the willingness of teachers to write scientific papers; 2) an increase in the ability of teachers to write scientific papers; 3) an increase in the ability to search references in various sources; and 4) participants know about various scientific journals at PGRI University. Kanjuruhan Malang which can be used to publish their scientific works.
Peningkatan Persepsi Gizi pada Remaja dalam Upaya Pencegahan Kejadian Anemia
Authors: Permata Reni , Untari Untari
Published: September 2023

Anemia is a medical condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin is less than normal. Normal hemoglobin levels are generally different in men and women. For men anemia is usually defined as a hemoglobin level  of  less  than  13.5  grams/100  ml. Anemia is a common blood disorder that occurs when the level of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the body becomes too low. This can cause health problems, because red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to body tissues. Anemia can cause various complications including fatigue and stress on the body's organs. Anemia occurs due to lack of iron and folic acid in the body. Women who suffer from anemia will have an impact on pregnancy and have the potential to give birth to babies with low birth weight. Besides that, Anemia can result in the death of both mother and baby during childbirth. This community service aims to provide knowledge about the importance of consuming a variety of foods that contain iron. The implementation procedure is carried out by counseling youth about the importance of nutrition in preventing anemia, so that the problem of anemia in Indonesia can be resolved. The solution to the problem is to teach teenagers about the importance of knowing balanced nutrition and the importance of consuming iron, so it is hoped that adolescents do not experience anemia. The expected achievement target is that teenagers understand and know how to prevent the nutritional problem of anemia.