bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accidental ingestion of a dental object during a periodontal surgical procedure on an IV sedated patient: Case management
Authors: Dastouri Ebrahim , Heck Teresa Y. , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Foreign‐body aspiration (FBA) and ingestion (FBI) are rare but serious events that occur in dental offices throughout the world every year. Such events can have significant medical, legal, and financial consequences for both the dental clinician and the patient. By presenting this case study, we aim to highlight the proper management and possible sequelae of such an event.

Methods and Results

A 72‐year‐old woman underwent a dental procedure with intravenous sedation. In the process of dental treatment, a dental bur was accidentally ingested. The patient was promptly referred to an urgent care clinic, where serial abdominal radiographs were taken over several days to track the course of the bur through the digestive system. The bur was successfully removed without complication.

Conclusion

Prompt management and referral of dental FBA and FBI cases, followed by successful object retrieval, lead to uncomplicated resolution of the event.

Key points

Why is this case new information?

This case presents the proper management of the FBA and FBI, particularly for IV sedated patients who require immediate action to mitigate and prevent serious complications.

What are the keys to the successful management of this case and how can the risk of FBA and FBI be mitigated?

The use of throat packs or rubber dams helps prevent foreign body aspiration and ingestion.

Attaching floss to appliances and objects when appliances are used intraorally. (Specifically, to implant guide pins and implant screwdrivers.)

Thorough isolation of the oropharynx from the mouth using a barrier, such as a gauze pad or rubber dam, during bracket placement, orthodontic appliance adjustment, and screwing or cementing of implant crowns

Short and extra short implants should be connected by ligature to the implant handpiece.

What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Lack of a throat pack

Failure to confirm connection of bur to handpiece

Patient's anatomy (redundant colon) preventing natural expulsion of the bur
Where have all the candidates gone?
Authors: Miles David
Published: September 2022

The pandemic brought many challenges to college and universities.
Identification of key taste components in two aromatic rice varieties by widely targeted metabolomics in China
Authors: Zhao Luyao , Duan Xiaoliang , Hou Can , Liu Hongbin , Sun Hui
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

Due to the lack of comprehensive evaluation of all metabolites in rice, the metabolic reasons for taste differences are unclear. Here, two local varieties Wuyoudao 4 (WYD) (rich‐sweet flavor) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ) (delicate‐sweet flavor) were selected for ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry based widely targeted metabolomic analysis.

Findings

WYD and NJ were clearly separated by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis, and 231 metabolites were different between the cultivars, including 35 amino acids and derivatives, 14 saccharides and alcohols, and 12 organic acids. Among them, glucose, fructose, arabitol, and xylitol, contributed mainly to the rich‐sweet flavor of WYD rice. Leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, isocitric acid, and malic acid were the dominant compounds in NJ rice, and therefore, contributed primarily to the delicate‐sweet flavor.

Conclusions

Vital compounds of rich‐sweet for WYD, and delicate‐sweet for NJ were clear. The differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the glucosinolate biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, and 2‐oxocarboxylic acid metabolism pathways.

Significance and Novelty

This study would provide fundamental insights into the taste formation compounds and mechanism of aromatic rice.
The effect of cold plasma pretreatment on GABA, γ‐oryzanol, phytic acid, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity in brown rice during germination
Authors: Li Ren , Li Zhi‐Jiang , Wu Na‐Na , Tan Bin
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

Germination pretreatment is an effective way to improve the nutritional quality and sensory quality of germinated brown rice (GBR). Cold plasma pretreatment (CPP) has been demonstrated to improve the physicochemical properties of GBR. The effects of CPP on reducing phytic acid and improving nutrient composition in GBR have not been evaluated, and there are few studies on the changes of phytic acid and phytase, especially the changes of the forms and compositions of γ‐oryzanol, phenolics, and flavonoids in GBR with CPP. Therefore, this study evaluated the changes of phytase, phytic acid, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), γ‐oryzanol, flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant activity in GBR with or without CPP.

Findings

The phytic acid content in CPP‐treated GBR for germination of 72 h was lower (7.60 mg/g, dry basis weight [DW]) than that in untreated GBR (9.01 mg/g DW). At the same germination time, the phytase activity and GABA, total γ‐oryzanol contents in CPP‐treated GBR were higher than those in untreated GBR. However, total flavonoids and phenolics levels, flavonoid compositions and phenolic acids contents, and T‐AOC and DPPH antioxidant capacity in CPP‐treated GBR were lower than those of untreated GBR.

Conclusions

These results indicated that CPP for brown rice was an effective method for decreasing the phytic acid and enhancing GABA and γ‐oryzanol in GBR compared with non‐CPP of brown rice for germination.

Significance and novelty

CPP is beneficial to reduce phytic acid and improve the GABA and γ‐oryzanol contents of GBR, which provides a theoretical basis for producing functional and nutritious GBR foods.
Changes in body composition in relation to estimated glomerular filtration rate and physical activity in predialysis chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bhat Prathiksha R. , Urooj Asna , Nalloor Srinivas
Published: September 2022

Background

Early body composition changes, associated with physical inactivity and disease advancement are devastating for patient‐related outcomes in predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), thus warranting a detailed analysis of body composition beyond conventional measures.

Methods

The study included 40 subjects diagnosed with CKD; recruited between January to May 2021. Body composition was measured using the multifrequency analyzer, InBody 770. International Physical Activity Questionnaire‐Short Form was used to assess physical activity. Suitable statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0.

Results

The mean age of the subjects was 58.68 ± 12.24 years. Sarcopenic obesity was prevalent in 62.5% of the subjects. Body mass index under identified obesity by 15% compared to percent body fat, especially in subjects with low muscle mass. The decline in a unit of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) significantly correlated with a decrease in weight (p = 0.02), body fat mass (p = 0.05), visceral fat area (p = 0.05), and phase angle (p = 0.01) with marginal changes in waist–hip ratio and extracellular water/total body water. The effect of physical activity on skeletal muscle mass was homogeneous between low and moderate levels, but significantly different from high activity level.

Conclusion

Changes in fat and fluid compartment were associated with eGFR decline, whereas higher physical activity positively affected body composition.
Ultrathin Cage‐based Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets as Precursor for Pyrolysis‐Free Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Yan Yi , Qin Hongmei , Ding De , Yang Pengfei , Hou Qiankun , Basset Jean‐marie , Chen Yin
Published: September 2022

Ultrathin covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets are very appealing 2D materials, but the mass production of ultrathin COF nanosheets remains a great challenge. Here, by using cage‐like bicyclocalix[2]arene[2]triazines tri‐aldehyde (BCTAL) as the building block, 2D COF Cage‐COF‐1 was estimated to have a very weak interaction between adjacent layers (around 1/50 compared to that of graphite). As a result, 1.2 nm thick trilayer COF nanosheets were facilely exfoliated from the pristine COFs with large lateral size and high thickness homogeneity. The Cage‐COF‐1 nanosheet is featured by imine linkage, but it is catalytic inactive in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). After post‐metalation with Co2+ under ambient conditions, remarkable catalysis activity and stability was observed for Cage‐COF‐1‐Ns/Co, which has lower overpotential (330 mV) and Tafel slope (56 mV/dec) in catalytic OER compared to many other Co catalysts. This work has confirmed that weakening the interlaminar interaction is an effective strategy for the production of ultra‐thin COFs nanosheets. Due to the fully exposed and accessible imine linkage, catalysis active metal site can be controllably produced via post‐synthesis from nanosheets under very mild conditions.
Detection of unique delete attack in wireless sensor network using gradient thresholding‐long short‐term memory algorithm
Authors: Tamil Selvi Seruvan , Visalakshi Pandikkannu
Published: September 2022

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is widely used in many fields, including agriculture, military, healthcare, monitoring, and surveillance. WSN application increases day by day due to growth in embedded and internet technologies. However, data security in WSN is challenging, and different types of attacks are increasing. Traditional intrusion detection methods analyze and identify attacks such as Denial of Service, anomaly detection, wormhole, sybil, and blackhole. Traditional methods never addressed the application layer's novel attack, such as the delete attack. Unique DELETE attack (DA) forms in the application layer and targets web servers and applications. Since unique DA use uniform resource locator requests, distinguishing them from legitimate traffic becomes difficult. The unique DA classify as unique (or) single, multiple, and repeated unique DELETE attacks; for detecting the unique DA types, gradient thresholding‐long short‐term memory (GT‐LSTM) algorithm is proposed using packet per second and traffic rate data in WSN nodes. GT‐LSTM algorithm detects unique DA through different thresholding at the training option layer in LSTM. Different gradient thresholding values in LSTM reduce the exploding gradients which fail to detect the unique DA nodes. Gradient thresholding in LSTM layers lies 1 to 3 for detecting unique DELETE attack nodes. The proposed method reduces detection time, improves accuracy, and identifies the hidden node that performs a unique DA in WSN. The unique DELETE Attack identification and performance through the proposed GT‐LSTM is analyzed in the NS2 simulation environment and the test bed of WSN. Forms the experimental and simulation results, GT‐LSTM performs better than fuzzy, KNN, and linear regression‐based intruder detection systems. The proposed algorithm achieves 99% accuracy in detecting the DELETE attack nodes in WSN.
Accurate identification of cell doublet profiles: Comparison of light scattering with fluorescence measurement techniques
Authors: Rico Laura G. , Bardina Jorge , Bistué‐Rovira Àngel , Salvia Roser , Ward Mike D. , Bradford Jolene A. , Petriz Jordi
Published: September 2022

Doublet discrimination is usually based on pulse analysis of light scatter parameters. A combination of two pulse parameters (Area, A; Height, H; or Width, W) can be used to discriminate a pulse originated in a single cell from a pulse originated from cells stuck together. Fluorescence signals can be also used to discriminate aggregates, being essential to identify cells in the G2/M phase from doublets in the G0/G1 phase in cell cycle/DNA applications. The most used method combines FSC‐A versus FSC‐H, whereas other strategies combine FSC‐H versus FSC‐W, SSC‐H versus SSC‐A and SSC‐H versus SSC‐W. However, when studying activated or proliferating cells, scatter discrimination can be difficult. In this study, we have compared the use of light scattering with fluorescence measurement techniques for successful doublet discrimination for single cells. Effective use of FSC and SSC height, area and width are commonly used to eliminate aggregates. However, fluorescence‐based methods using viable DNA stains provide a good compromise between performance and accurate manual gating methods, especially for highly concentrated cell products and pathological specimens. Viable DNA dyes, such as Vybrant™ DyeCycle™ Violet stain or Hoechst 33342, can be used to detect nucleated cells in blood and in bone marrow, or to discriminate cell aggregates and debris based on no‐lyse no‐wash assays, where scatter degradation is a dominant component of the measured data, which increases with event rate.
Shade tolerance as a key trait in invasion success of submerged macrophyte Cabomba caroliniana over Myriophyllum spicatum
Authors: Koleszár Gergő , Lukács Balázs András , Nagy Péter Tamás , Szabó Sándor
Published: September 2022

The synergy between climate change, eutrophication, and biological invasion is threatening for native submerged plants in many ways. The response of submerged plants to these changes is a key factor that determines the outcome of biological invasion. In order to explain the invasion successes, we investigated the combined effects of climate change and eutrophication‐related environmental factors (temperature, light, and nutrients) on the trait responses of a native (Myriophyllum spicatum) and an alien (Cabomba caroliniana) submerged species. In a factorial design, we cultivated the two species in aquaria containing low (0.5 mg N L−1, 0.05 mg P L−1) and high (2 mg N L−1, 0.2 mg P L−1) nutrient concentrations, incubated at four light intensities (average 25, 67, 230, and 295 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR photon flux density) under two temperature levels (21.5 and 27.5 ± 0.5°C). We used four invasion‐related functional traits (relative growth rate (RGR), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and nitrogen to carbon ratio (N:C molar ratio)) to measure the environmental response of the species. We calculated plasticity indexes to express the trait differences between species. Cabomba caroliniana showed significantly higher RGR and SLA than M. spicatum especially under low light intensity indicating that Cabomba is much more shade tolerant. Elevated temperature resulted in higher SLA and reduced LDMC for C. caroliniana indicating that Cabomba may have higher invasion success. Myriophyllum showed higher LDMC than C. caroliniana. Chemical analyses of the plant tissue revealed that although M. spicatum showed significantly higher N:C molar ratio, nonetheless, the daily nitrogen uptake of C. caroliniana was more than three times faster than that of M. spicatum. Results supported the idea that due to its higher shade tolerance and nitrogen uptake capacity, Cabomba likely has greater invasion success with increasing temperature combined with low light levels.
Nonadaptive molecular evolution of plastome during the speciation of Actaea purpurea and its relatives
Authors: Zhang Dan‐Qing , Ren Yi , Zhang Jian‐Qiang
Published: September 2022

We have seen an explosive increase of plant plastid genome (plastome) sequences in the last decade, and the view that sequence variation in plastomes is maintained by the mutation‐drift balance has been challenged by new evidence. Although comparative genomic and population‐level studies provided us with evidence for positive evolution of plastid genes at both the macro‐ and micro‐evolution levels, less studies have systematically investigated how plastomes have evolved during the speciation process. We here sequenced 13 plastomes of Actaea purpurea (P.K. Hsiao) J. Compton, and its closest relatives, and conducted a systematic survey of positive selection in their plastid genes using the McDonald‐Kreitman test and codon‐based methods using maximum likelihood to estimate the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (ω) across a phylogeny. We found that during the speciation of A. purpurea and its relatives, all plastid genes evolved neutrally or were under purifying selection. Genome size, gene order, and number were highly conserved. Comparing to A. purpurea, plastomes of Actaea japonica and Actaea biternata had low genetic diversity, consistent with previous studies. Our work not only sheds important light on the evolutionary history of A. purpurea and its kin, but also on the evolution of plastomes during plant speciation.
Discrete element models for understanding the biomechanics of fossorial animals
Authors: Gong Hao , Adajar Joash B. , Tessier Léa , Li Shuai , Guzman Leno , Chen Ying , Qi Long
Published: September 2022

The morphological features of fossorial animals have continuously evolved in response to the demands of survival. However, existing methods for animal burrowing mechanics are not capable of addressing the large deformation of substrate. The discrete element method (DEM) is able to overcome this limitation. In this study, we used DEM to develop a general model to simulate the motion of an animal body part and its interaction with the substrate. The DEM also allowed us to easily change the forms of animal body parts to examine how those different forms affected the biomechanical functions. These capabilities of the DEM were presented through a case study of modeling the burrowing process of North American Badger. In the case study, the dynamics (forces, work, and soil displacements) of burrowing were predicted for different forms of badger claw and manus, using the model. Results showed that when extra digits are added to a manus, the work required for a badger to dig increases considerably, while the mass of soil dug only increases gradually. According to the proposed efficiency index (ratio of the amount of soil dug to the work required), the modern manus with 5 digits has indeed biomechanical advantage for their fossorial lifestyle, and the current claw curvature (25.3 mm in radius) is indeed optimal. The DEM is able to predict biomechanical relationships between functions and forms for any fossorial animals. Results can provide biomechanical evidences for explaining how the selective pressures for functions influence the morphological evolution in fossorial animals.
Sex‐specific associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and galectin‐3 in the general population
Authors: Haid Magdalena E. , Zylla Stephanie , Paulista Markus Marcello Ricardo , Friedrich Nele , Ewert Ralf , Gläser Sven , Felix Stephan B. , Dörr Marcus , Bahls Martin
Published: September 2022

Aims

Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with greater mortality and morbidity. Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) is a prognostic biomarker for fibrosis and heart failure. Gal‐3 is also associated with a greater risk for cardiovascular mortality. Whether CRF is related with Gal‐3 is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the sex‐specific associations of CRF and Gal‐3 levels in the general population.

Methods

Gal‐3 concentrations were determined using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay in the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐TREND‐0). Sex‐stratified linear regression models adjusted for age, current smoking status, and renal function were used. Individuals with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%, previous myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, chronic lung disease, severe renal disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/mm2), a history of cancer, and extreme values for Gal‐3 (<1st percentile; >99th percentile) were excluded.

Results

A total of n = 1515 participants with a median age of 49 (IQR: 39–60 years, 48% males) were included. In men, a 1 L/min greater VO2peak was significantly related to 0.50 ng/mL (95% CI −0.8068 to −0.1938, P < 0.01) less Gal‐3. In males, a 1 mL/min/kg higher VO2peak adjusted for body weight was associated with −0.0286 ng/mL (95% CI −0.0052 to −0.0005, P = 0.02) less Gal‐3. When VO2peak was adjusted for lean mass 1 mL/kg/min more was correlated with a −0.0022 ng/mL (95% CI −0.0043 to ‐0.0007, P = 0.04) less Gal‐3. In women, VO2peak (β −0.2046 95% CI −0.6541 to 0.2449, P = 0.37) and VO2peak adjusted for lean mass (β −0.0019 95% CI −0.0421 to –0.0050, P = 0.12) were not related with Gal‐3, whereas a 1 mL/min/kg higher VO2peak adjusted for body weight was significantly associated with a −0.0064 ng/mL lower Gal‐3 (95% CI −0.0092 to ‐0.0035, P < 0.01). There were no differences between pre‐menopausal and post‐menopausal women.

Conclusions

VO2peak was associated with Gal‐3 only in men, but VO2peak adjusted for body weight in women and men. Our results suggest that the adverse consequences of low CRF may be mediated by Gal‐3. Further research is needed to understand the sex‐specific association between CRF and Gal‐3 and whether they are clinically relevant.
Bichromophoric BODIPY and Biotin Tagged Terpyridyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes for Cellular Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Paul Subhadeep , Sahoo Subhadarsini , Sahoo Somarupa , Jayabaskaran Chelliah , Chakravarty Akhil R.
Published: September 2022

A perceived drawback of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl photosensitizers for phototherapeutic applications is their inadequate absorption in the visible region. Ru(II) dyads attached to light‐harvesting organic chromophores are studied to address this issue. Biotin‐appended compounds having one chromophore, namely BODIPY (boron‐dipyrromethene) (1) and Ru(II)‐(tpy)2 (2), or a dyad system containing BODIPY linked to Ru(II)‐(tpy)2 via a diphenylacetylene linker (3) were prepared and studied as photodetection agent and photosensitizes for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) applications. The bichromophoric 3 with a strong absorption profile (ϵ≈71000 M−1 cm−1 at λmax=503 nm) and high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ=0.63 in DMSO) was studied for PDT activity. This complex produced a superoxide anion radical via type‐I and singlet oxygen via type‐II photosensitization processes on light exposure, as evidenced from DNA photo‐cleavage experiments and in vitro DCFDA assay using reactive oxygen species scavengers/quenchers. Dyad 3 displayed an apoptotic photo‐cytotoxic effect against HeLa and H1299 cancer cells with a photocytotoxicity index (PI) value of >625 in HeLa cells with a PDT efficacy much superior to those of its monochromophoric analogs 1 and 2. The intrinsic emission of complex 3, utilized for cellular imaging, showed selectivity towards lysosomes. Finally, the remarkable potential of complex 3 was evidenced using a clinically relevant 3D multicellular tumor spheroid model.
Double Addition of Propargylzinc Reagents to Acylcyanohydrins and Cyanocarbonates
Authors: Liu Meng , Dwadnia Nejib , Chevalier Tony , Hemon‐Ribaud Annie , Pearson‐Long Morwenna S. M. , Boeda Fabien , Bertus Philippe
Published: September 2022

An efficient and mild synthetic methodology of double addition of propargylzinc reagents onto acylcyanohydrins and cyanocarbonates has been developed. After optimization of reaction conditions, dipropargylic α,α‐disubstituted hydroxyamides and N‐Boc‐protected amino alcohols have been straightforwardly prepared in good yields. The valorization of the so‐obtained compounds was undertaken by cobalt‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions to provide functionalized pyridine derivatives.
Prediction on Discharging Properties of Nickel–Manganese Materials for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries via Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Yang Shijie , Hu Songhua , Zhao Jianfeng , Cui Hongwei , Wang Yongfei , Zhao Shuai , Lan Chunfeng , Dong Zhurong
Published: September 2022

Understanding the cyclic discharge feature of oxide cathodes, such as sodium‐based nickel–manganese (NMMn), determines the future applications of sodium‐ion batteries. Machine learning methods, including gradient‐boosting models and random forest (RF) machine, are applied to an experimental dataset of these NMMn materials. Herein, gradient‐boosting models achieve a better performance than RF machine in predicting the discharge properties of these materials. The results indicate that the dopant content ratio, sodium content, and nickel content play important roles in the initial discharge capacities (IC) and 50th cycle end discharge capacities (EC) of these materials. NMMn cathodes with a specific sodium content (0.75 < x < 1.25), a dopant content (x < 0.2), and a nickel content (x < 0.4) are more likely to possess high ICs and ECs. Unlike the cathode for lithium‐ion batteries, herein, nickel content in NMMn affects more on 50th cycle EC. These results offer new guidelines to design high‐performance cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries.
Anion‐cation double‐substitution endows iron sulfide with remarkably enhanced specific capacity and rate performance as anode for supercapacitors
Authors: Yao Yiwei , Wang Jinsong , Ban Xiaohan , Chen Chi , Wang Qian , Zhu Kai , Ye Ke , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue , Yan Jun
Published: September 2022

Metal sulfides have shown great potential as the anodes of the asymmetric supercapacitors ascribed to their superior theoretical specific capacitance. However, their specific capacitance and rate performances are still far from the expectation due to the intrinsic poor electronic conductivity and sluggish kinetics. Herein, we employ the anion and cation double‐substitution strategy to prepare iron sulfide nanoparticles on graphene composite (denoted as NiFeSP/G) to improve the electronic conductivity of FeS2. The NiFeSP/G composite exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performances with a high specific capacity of 765 C g−1 (765 F g−1) at 5 A g−1 and a remarkable rate capability of 65% at 100 A g−1. Moreover, an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated with the NiFeSP/G as anode and NiCo‐LDH/graphene as cathode presents an impressively high energy density up to 109 Wh kg−1 at 1591 W kg−1 and cycling performance (89% of the initial capacity retained after 8000 cycles).

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Micro‐interfacial polymerization of porous PEDOT for printable electronic devices
Authors: Cheng Wanke , Liu Yongzhuang , Tong Zhihan , Zhu Ying , Cao Kaiyue , Chen Wenshuai , Zhao Dawei , Yu Haipeng
Published: September 2022

Poly (3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is an electrically conductive polymer that shows various promising applications in flexible electronics. However, previous studies have mostly focused on enhancing the conductivity, while ignoring the design and development of porous PEDOT materials. Herein, we report a novel and sustainable strategy of utilizing a deep eutectic solvent of ferric chloride hexahydrate/acetamide to guide the interface‐controlled polymerization of PEDOT at room temperature. The obtained PEDOT material has its unique features of high porosity of 70.61%, high specific surface area of >58 m2/g, and ideal electrical conductivity of 6500 S/m, resulting in a wide voltage window of up to 1.2 V. Notably, this porous PEDOT can be easily formulated into printable electronic ink with controllable rheological properties, process ability, and recyclability, exhibiting the outstanding energy storage behavior in wearable electronics. This study reports an effective, green approach for the development of porous PEDOT materials and printable flexible devices.

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Multi‐hazard typhoon and earthquake collapse fragility models for transmission towers: An active learning reliability approach using gradient boosting classifiers
Authors: Jeddi Ashkan B. , Shafieezadeh Abdollah , Hur Jieun , Ha Jeong‐Gon , Hahm Daegi , Kim Min‐Kyu
Published: September 2022

Natural hazards such as earthquakes and typhoons pose a considerable threat to the power transmission grid. In regions prone to both hazards, the overhead transmission infrastructure may experience multi‐hazard effects where two consecutive hazards can occur within an interval shorter than the time that would be needed to repair the system for damages occurred in the first event. This consequently increases the susceptibility to damage during the subsequent hazard. In this context, this paper presents the first set of multi‐hazard fragility models for typhoons and earthquakes. The computational cost of numerical simulations for multi‐hazard analyses is high due to the complex nonlinear behavior of transmission towers, numerous sources of material and geometric uncertainty, and the multifaceted effects of multi‐hazard events. To tackle this challenge, we introduce a novel active learning approach for the probabilistic classification of physics‐based collapse data. An initial pool of labeled collapse data is generated by performing a limited number of nonlinear time history analyses on random realizations of a high‐fidelity finite element model of a common double circuit tower. A machine learning‐based extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classification model is trained via the query by committee (QBC) for the task of predicting the probability of belonging to the class of collapse (i.e., probability of collapse). Active learning is established by leveraging the disagreement information between the learners and the query points are sequentially labeled and added to the initial pool of collapse/survival data. Using this approach, multi‐hazard typhoon and earthquake collapse fragility surfaces of transmission towers in different directions and sequences of hazards are developed. Results point to the significance of multi‐hazard effects on the fragility of transmission structures. They also reveal the efficacy of the introduced active learning approach in reducing the computational complexity of multi‐hazard fragility assessments. The fragility models developed in this study constitute a key step toward multi‐hazard resilience assessment and optimal management of the power transmission grid.
Feruloyl oligosaccharides, isolated from bacterial fermented wheat bran, exhibit antioxidant effects in IPEC‐J2 cells and zebrafish model
Authors: Chen Qiuyan , Zhang Jia , Wang Yuan , Wang Ruifang , Hao Xiran , Wang Ruxin , Zheng Yue , An Xiaoping , Qi Jingwei
Published: September 2022

Feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOs) were produced by solid‐state fermentation of wheat bran using Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its antioxidant activity was investigated using IPEC‐J2 cells and zebrafish embryo model. Preliminary structure analysis revealed that FOs has an average molecular weight of 11.81 kDa and consists of mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose. The obtained FOs possess superior reducing power and DPPH and hydroxyl free radical scavenging activities. In IPEC‐J2 cells, antioxidant enzymes activities and GSH level were significantly increased, while MDA level was reduced by FOs. Further studies showed that FOs achieved the aforementioned effects by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. In zebrafish embryo, FOs effectively suppressed ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and cell death by increasing SOD and GSH‐Px activities. Our findings suggested that FOs from solid‐state fermented wheat bran with mixed bacteria can be used as an antioxidant food additive or drugs.
Assessment of slope stability on logged forest‐hill slopes using ground‐penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Hruška Jiří , Kuda František , Holík Ladislav , Vranová Valerie
Published: September 2022

The use of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) geophysical methods are considered a useful tool for assessing forest soil slope instabilities. These techniques provide a detailed survey regarding changes because of logging operations in an area, where the combination of soil, water, and rock conditions predisposes to the development of slope instabilities. In the current study, such geophysical survey techniques were applied at two localities, Bukovinka and Zemanův žleb near Křtiny (Southern Moravia, Czech Republic), during three sessions over 1 year. The selected survey sites were on different terrains but the same subsurface (sediments of Lower Marine Carboniferous). The condition for their selection was the absence of other major external influences apart from wood harvesting. The GPR and ERT measurements were carried out along the same lines, and changes in the geophysical profiles over time were observed. The results demonstrate the processes that lead to visible changes on both localities in the results of measurements. Both methods showed shifts in some soil properties configuration, separating partial rock masses or even incipient soil/rock movement. The ERT also detected a significant expansion of wet areas inside both studied rock masses, which may be because of the development of new channels for infiltration of rainwater. Considering that the only major external factor that could change the slopes drainage properties was the wood harvesting, it is reasonable to conclude that the observed changes are associated with the logging operations.
Development of the remote 100 ml water swallow test versus clinical assessment in patients with head and neck cancer: Do they agree?
Authors: Watson Laura‐Jayne , Woodman Sarah H. , Ganderton Deborah , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Pringle Shirley , Patterson Joanne M.
Published: September 2022

Background

The 100 ml water swallow test (WST) is a validated swallow assessment used in head and neck cancer (HNC). We aimed to determine the level of agreement when completing the 100 ml WST via clinician‐graded video‐testing or patient self‐testing compared to standard face‐to‐face assessment (FTF).

Methods

Convenience sampling from four UK centers. Inclusion criteria: patients with HNC treated with any modality prior to, or within 5 years of treatment. Participants were recruited to complete the 100 ml WST by video‐testing or self‐testing and compared with FTF.

Results

Sixty‐three patients were recruited; 1 was unable to perform the task; 30 in video‐testing; and 32 in self‐testing. There was no difference in swallow capacity (p = 0.424) and volume (p = 0.363) for the video‐testing or the self‐testing swallow capacity (p = 0.777) and volume (p = 0.445).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that video‐testing and self‐testing are reliable methods of completing the 100 ml WST for this sample of patients with HNC.
Analysis of the accuracy of computer‐assistedDCIAflap mandibular reconstruction applying a novel approach based on geometric morphometrics
Authors: Steybe David , Poxleitner Philipp , Metzger Marc C. , Schmelzeisen Rainer , Russe Maximilian F. , Fuessinger Marc Anton , Brandenburg Leonard S. , Voss Pit J. , Schlager Stefan
Published: September 2022

Background

This study evaluated the accuracy of computer‐assisted surgery (CAS)–drivenDCIA(deep circumflex iliac artery) flap mandibular reconstruction by traditional morphometric methods and geometric morphometric methods (GMM).

Methods

Reconstruction accuracy was evaluated by measuring distances and angles between bilateral anatomical landmarks. Additionally, the average length of displacements vectors between landmarks was computed to evaluate factors assumed to influence reconstruction accuracy. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to unveil main modes of dislocation.

Results

High reconstruction accuracy could be demonstrated for a sample consisting of 26 patients. The effect of the number of segments and length of defect on reconstruction accuracy were close to the commonly used significance threshold (p = 0.062/0.060). PCA demonstrated displacement to result mainly from sagittal and transversal shifts.

Conclusions

CAS is a viable approach to achieve high accuracy in mandibular reconstruction and GMM can facilitate the evaluation of factors influencing reconstruction accuracy and unveil main modes of dislocation in this context.
Production, characterization, and photocatalytic properties of Eu:Y2O3 nanopowders
Authors: Unal Fatma , Alp Emre , Kazmanli Kursat
Published: September 2022

Eu:Y2O3 nanophosphors (NPs) with different Eu concentrations (3, 5, and 7 at%) were successfully synthesized via the sol–gel method. All synthesized powders had a cubic bixbyite‐type crystal structure with space group Ia‐3. It was observed they had agglomerated sphere‐like morphologies. In addition, a neck formation between the particles, which was the result of the sintering effect at the increasing calcination temperature, was also observed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed that the Eu dopant entered into the Y2O3 host. The XPS peak positions shifted to relatively higher binding energy values with increasing dopant concentration and calcination temperature. Increasing Eu dopant concentration in the host structure also increased the 3+ valence ions. The band gap values of the NPs varied between 4.30 and 4.54 eV. The powders doped with 5 at% Eu was active as photocatalysts and the powders that were synthesized at 800°C exhibited highly photocatalytic activity.
An exploration of unsolved missing persons cases suspected of a criminal outcome: A forensic victimology approach
Authors: Chopin Julien , Beauregard Eric , Baroche Christophe , Piridjani Miganouch , Sabot Magalie , Fortin Francis
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore cases of missing persons suspected of being criminal. Specifically, this research aims to empirically describe the circumstances surrounding criminal disappearances and examine whether there are different subcategories within these cases using a victimological framework. The data used in this study come from an operational police database. The sample includes 155 unsolved missing person cases whose thorough investigation by the police concluded that a criminal motive remained the most likely hypothesis. These cases occurred on the entire territory of metropolitan France and overseas. Multidimensional scale analysis was used to explore the context of disappearance according to missing person characteristics, lifestyle, everyday activities, and situational exposure at the time of the disappearance. Results show that the distribution of variables in a two‐dimensional space reveals four distinct different categories related to lifestyle and situational exposure: riskier lifestyle, riskier situation, safer situation, and safer lifestyle. This study is the first to empirically explore unsolved missing person cases suspected of a criminal outcome. Moreover, the framework used in this study demonstrates the importance of victimology in an investigative context.
Assessment of carnitine excretion and its ratio to plasma free carnitine as a biomarker for primary carnitine deficiency in newborns
Authors: Crefcoeur Loek L. , Heiner‐Fokkema M. Rebecca , Maase Rose E. , Visser Gepke , de Sain‐van der Velden Monique G. M.
Published: September 2022

In the Netherlands, newborns are referred by the newborn screening (NBS) Program when a low free carnitine (C0) concentration (<5 μmol/l) is detected in their NBS dried blood spot. This leads to ~85% false positive referrals who all need an invasive, expensive and lengthy evaluation. We investigated whether a ratio of urine C0 / plasma C0 (RatioU:P) can improve the follow‐up protocol for primary carnitine deficiency (PCD). A retrospective study was performed in all Dutch metabolic centres, using samples from newborns and mothers referred by NBS due to low C0 concentration. Samples were included when C0 excretion and plasma C0 concentration were sampled on the same day. RatioU:P was calculated as (urine C0 [μmol/mmol creatinine])/(plasma C0 [μmol/l]). Data were available for 59 patients with genetically confirmed PCD and 68 individuals without PCD. The RatioU:P in PCD patients was significantly higher (p value < 0.001) than in those without PCD, median [IQR], respectively: 3.4 [1.2–9.5], 0.4 [0.3–0.8], area under the curve (AUC) 0.837. Classified for age (up to 1 month) and without carnitine suppletion (PCD; N = 12, Non‐PCD; N = 40), medians were 6.20 [4.4–8.8] and 0.37 [0.24–0.56], respectively. The AUC for RatioU:P was 0.996 with a cut‐off required for 100% sensitivity at 1.7 (yielding one false positive case). RatioU:P accurately discriminates between positive and false positive newborn referrals for PCD by NBS. RatioU:P is less effective as a discriminative tool for PCD in adults and for individuals that receive carnitine suppletion.
Temperature sensitive analytical analysis of gate‐stack dual metal nanowire field‐effect transistor (4H‐SiC)
Authors: Neeraj  , Sharma Shobha , Goel Anubha , Rewari Sonam , Gupta Radhey Shyam
Published: September 2022

This article presents an analytical study and effect of temperature (T = 100, 200, 300, 400 K) on various parameters of gate‐stack dual metal nanowire field‐effect transistor (gate‐stack DM NW) FET (4H‐SiC) and gate‐stack dual metal nanowire field‐effect transistor (gate‐stack DM NW FET) (Si). The parabolic approximation is used to solve the 2D Poisson's equation for surface potential, electric field, drain current (Ids), transconductance (gm), output conductance (gd), and analog performance is evaluated. Electron concentration, electron velocity, drain induced barrier lowering, DIBL, and noise figure (NF) have also been investigated for a fair comparison and shows that 4H‐SiC based gate‐stack DM NW FET device is more insensitive to temperature changes than the silicon‐based gate‐stack DM NW FET. Furthermore, gate‐stack DM NW FET (4H‐SiC) has better electrical performance with temperature variation than gate‐stack DM NW FET (Si). The simulations have been carried out using the ATLAS 3D device simulator. Analytical results are in close agreement with the simulated results.
Rural‐urban survival disparities for patients with surgically treated lung cancer
Authors: Logan Charles D. , Feinglass Joe , Halverson Amy L. , Lung Kalvin , Kim Samuel , Bharat Ankit , Odell David D.
Published: September 2022

Background

Nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common diagnosis among patients living in rural areas and small towns who face unique challenges accessing care. We examined differences in survival for surgically treated rural and small‐town patients compared to those from urban and metropolitan areas.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was used to identify surgically treated NSCLC patients from 2004 to 2016. Patients from rural/small‐town counties were compared to urban/metro counties. Differences in patient clinical, sociodemographic, hospital, and travel characteristics were described. Survival differences were examined with Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

The study included 366 373 surgically treated NSCLC patients with 12.4% (n = 45 304) categorized as rural/small‐town. Rural/small‐town patients traveled farther for treatment and were from areas characterized by lower income and education(all p < 0.001). Survival probabilities for rural/small‐town patients were worse at 1 year (85% vs. 87%), 5 years (48% vs. 54%), and 10 years (26% vs. 31%) (p < 0.001). Travel distance >100 miles (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.16, vs. <25 miles) and living in a rural/small‐town county (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07) were associated with increased risk for death.

Conclusions

Rural and small‐town patients with surgically treated NSCLC had worse survival outcomes compared to urban and metropolitan patients.
Regional control after precision lymph node dissection for clinically evident melanoma metastasis
Authors: Lynch Kevin T. , Hu Yinin , Farrow Norma E. , Song Yun , Meneveau Max O. , Kwak Minyoung , Lowe Michael C. , Bartlett Edmund K. , Beasley Georgia M. , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Slingluff Craig L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Completion lymph node dissection (CLND) for microscopic lymph node metastases has been replaced by observation; however, CLND is standard for clinically detectable nodal metastases (cLN). CLND has high morbidity, which may be reduced by excision of only the cLN (precision lymph node dissection [PLND]). We hypothesized that same‐basin recurrence risk would be low after PLND.

Methods

Retrospective review at four tertiary care hospitals identified patients who underwent PLND. The primary outcome was 3‐year cumulative incidence of isolated same‐basin recurrence.

Results

Twenty‐one patients underwent PLND for cLN without synchronous distant metastases. Reasons for forgoing CLND included patient preference (n = 11), comorbidities (n = 5), imaging indeterminate for distant metastases (n = 2), partial response to checkpoint blockade (n = 1), or not reported (n = 2). A median of 2 nodes (range: 1–6) were resected at PLND, and 68% contained melanoma. Recurrence was observed in 33% overall. Only 1 patient (5%) developed an isolated same‐basin recurrence. Cumulative incidences at 3 years were 5.0%, 17.3%, and 49.7% for isolated same‐basin recurrence, any same‐basin recurrence, and any recurrence, respectively. Complications from PLND were reported in 1 patient (5%).

Conclusions

These pilot data suggest that PLND may provide adequate regional disease control with less morbidity than CLND. These data justify prospective evaluation of PLND in select patients.
Hydrolysis of polyhydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid‐glycerophosphocholines by Group IIA, V, and X secretory phospholipases A2
Authors: Kuksis Arnis , Pruzanski Waldemar
Published: September 2022

It is widely accepted that unesterified polyunsaturated ω‐6 and ω‐3 fatty acids (PUFA) are converted through various lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450 enzymes to a range of oxygenated derivatives (oxylipins), among which the polyhydroxides of unesterified PUFA have recently been recognized as cell signaling molecules with anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving properties, known as specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs). This study investigates the mono‐, di‐, and trihydroxy 16:0/PUFA‐GPCs, and the corresponding 16:0/SPM‐GPC, in plasma lipoproteins. We describe the isolation and identification of mono‐, di‐, and trihydroxy AA, EPA, and DHA‐GPC in plasma LDL, HDL, HDL3, and acute phase HDL using normal phase LC/ESI‐MS, as previously reported. The lipoproteins contained variable amounts of the polyhydroxy‐PUFA‐GPC (0–10 nmol/mg protein), likely the product of lipid peroxidation and the action of various lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 enzymes on both free fatty acids and the parent GPCs. Polyhydroxy‐PUFA‐GPC was hydrolyzed to variable extent (20%–80%) by the different secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s), with Group IIA sPLA2 showing the lowest and Group X sPLA2 the highest activity. Surprisingly, the trihydroxy‐16:0/PUFA‐GPC of APHDL was largely absent, while large amounts of unidentified material had migrated in the free fatty acid elution area. The free fatty acid mass spectra were consistent with that anticipated for branched chain polyhydroxy fatty acids. There was general agreement between the masses determined by LC/ESI‐MS for the polyhydroxy PUFA‐GPC and the masses calculated for the GPC equivalents of resolvins, protectins, and maresins using the fatty acid structures reported in the literature.
Sulfate biosensor for environmental applications
Authors: Marzocchi Ugo , Revsbech Niels Peter
Published: September 2022

Sulfate is present in all freshwater and marine environments and is reduced to toxic and corrosive hydrogen sulfide by anaerobic bacteria. By measuring depth profiles of sulfate in sediments, it is possible to obtain estimates of sulfate reduction rates (SRRs). A whole‐cell microscale biosensor for sulfate was constructed by placing a mixture of sulfate‐reducing and aerobic bacteria in front of a hydrogen sulfide microsensor. The bacteria were supplied with electron donors from a reservoir behind the bacterial biomass. The aerobic bacteria ensured anaerobic conditions in deeper parts of the 150‐μm‐thick bacterial layer, so that the sulfate reducers could be active. A typical tip diameter of a sulfate biosensor is 50 μm. The calibration curve was close to linear in the 0–2 mM range, with a detection limit of about 10 μM. The 90% response time varied between 90 and 220 s, slowest response at low concentrations. Oxygen and ferrous iron at environmental concentrations gave no interference, but there was a 6% signal difference between stirred and stagnant liquid medium. The sensitivity of the biosensor could be modulated by applying a charge between sensor interior and an external electrode. The lifetime is usually a few weeks. The biosensor was used to measure sulfate profiles in a freshwater sediment.