bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dark cytotoxicity of submicrometer vaterite particles loaded with photosensitizer Fotoditazin and the vaterite-based core – shells structures
Authors: Verkhovskii Roman A. , Nechaeva Olga V. , Guslyakova Olga I. , Svenskaya Yulia I.
Published: October 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the use of photosensitizers together with a light at the wavelength corresponding to its absorption maximum. Photosensitizers are able to generate reactive oxygen species under the visible or infrared light irradiation. They are broadly used for the treatment of cancer and infections due to their physical and chemical properties. Dose-dependent light induced cytotoxicity of photosensitizers shows the strong relation between its concentration in the treatment area and PDT efficiency. With this regard, the development of novel carriers for targeted delivery of photosensitizers is a very prospective research direction, as allows for the enhancement of the local drug concentration in the treatment area and the reduction of the incidental dark toxicity in healthy tissue associated with a classic PDT. Mesoporous vaterite particles are considered as a promising tool for biomedical application due to their biodegradability, high payload ability, as well as to the simplicity and cheapness of their fabrication. The efficiency of vaterite carrier application for a PDT delivery system design has been previously demonstrated. With this regard, the current study was aimed at the evaluation of dark cytotoxicity of the submicron vaterite particles and the vaterite-based core-shells, both loaded with Fotoditazin photosensitizer.
Anticompulsive effects of novel derivatives of coumarin in rats
Authors: Daliev Bakhodir B. , Bychkov Eugenii R. , Myznikov Leonid V. , Lebedev Andrei A. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Until now, the neurotropic effect, in particular the effect on the emotional behavior of oxy-coumarins, has not been adequately studied. There are only few data on their central action. Currently, research is underway on the synthesis of new compounds based on natural oxy-coumarins, which will potentially have a higher biological activity.
AIM: Was to study the central action of new oxycoumarin-based compounds IEM-2886, LVM-99, LVM-S144, in particular, on compulsive behavior in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess the behavior of Wistar rats, the Marble-test and Elevated plus maze methods were used. Oxycoumarin derivatives (IEM-2886, LVM-99, LVM-S144) were injected intraperitoneally at doses of 1, 10 and 25 mg/kg. The effectiveness of the drugs was judged by the number of balls buried in the Marble test and by the duration of staying in the open and closed sleeves of the Elevated plus maze. Results. It was shown that in the Marble test, oxycoumarin-based compounds (IEM-2886, LVM-99, LVM-S144) caused a decrease in the number of buried balls, which shows their anti-compulsive effect. After administration of IEM-2886, LVM-99, LVM-S144 (125 mg / kg) compounds, dose-dependent effects were observed (p 0.05). The elevated plus maze test did not show the anxiolytic effect typical for tranquilizers. Moreover, after the administration of IEM-2886 and LVM-S144 at a dose of 25 mg / kg, an increase in the time spent in the closed sleeve of the maze (p 0.05) was observed, i.e. an anxiogenic effect.
CONCLUSION: Thus, oxy-coumarin-based compounds are selective for the assessment of anticompulsive effects.
Characterizing Conformation Ensembles of Proteins and Peptides by Combining Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors:   , Milorey Bridget , Schweitzer-Stenner Reinhard
Published: October 2021

The once central dogma of protein biophysics stated that protein function is determined by structure. There is now an enormous body of evidence disproving this notion, including the discovery of intrinsically disordered proteins and the existence of multi-functional proteins. In part I of this thesis, random coil models that were once used to predict the structures of unfolded or disordered proteins are contested. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions (IDRs) are often rich with charged amino acid residues. Several lines of experimental and even computational evidence suggest that polypeptides and proteins that carry high net charges tend to adopt extended conformations, and the average end-to-end distance tends to exceed expectations for self-avoiding random coils. Herein, charged arginine (R) residues in glycine (G) capped GRRG and GRRRG are shown to induce nearest neighbor interactions (NNIs) that stabilize extended structures. In a second study of GXXG, GXXXG model peptides, protonated aspartic acid (D) was studied in GDDG and GDDDG. D is known to show a high intrinsic preference for turn-like structures, which may be important sites for early protein folding events. The results presented here indicate that repeating D sequences show strong NNIs in that turn-like structures are stabilized. In part II of this thesis, the binding interaction of the heme protein cytochrome c and liposomes containing the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin is studied for both the reduced and oxidized species of the protein. The reduced protein is not the subject of much literature, so this binding study filled an important gap in knowledge. The protein was found to bind, unfold, and then oxidize on the liposome surface. The binding process for the oxidized species of the protein was studied at slightly acidic pH, where a different binding mechanism from that at neutral pH was probed. The protein unfolding on the liposome surface led to population of a high-spin species, which may have important implications for the protein gaining peroxidase activity and initiating apoptosis (organized cell death).
Variabilidad temporal de la isla de calor urbana de la ciudad de Zaragoza (España)
Authors: Cuadrat José M. , Serrano-Notivoli Roberto , Barrao Samuel , Saz Miguel Ángel , Tejedor Ernesto
Published: October 2021

En este artículo se analiza la intensidad y la variabilidad temporal de la isla de calor urbana (ICU) de la ciudad de Zaragoza (España) y se evalúa la acción del viento como importante factor atmosférico condicionante de la misma. A partir de los datos horarios proporcionados por la red meteorológica urbana de mesoescala de la ciudad, se calculó la diferencia de temperatura entre dos observatorios, uno urbano (Plaza Santa Marta) y otro en las afueras del área urbana (Ciudad Deportiva), en el periodo 2015-2020. Los resultados indican que la temperatura en el centro de la ciudad es, con mucha frecuencia, 1º o 2ºC más elevada que en el entorno, y en ocasiones ha llegado a superar los 8ºC. La ICU es más intensa en verano (promedios horarios de 2,5ºC) que en invierno (promedio de 2,2ºC) y es más intensa durante la noche que durante el día. El valor máximo de la ICU se alcanza en situaciones de calma atmosférica; en cambio, se debilita claramente con vientos de más de 10 km/h y llega prácticamente a desaparecer con velocidades superiores a 50 km/h.
Inter-American Development Bank Quarterly Business Review: First Quarter 2021
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: October 2021

The Quarterly Business Review (QBR) provides an overview of the IDB's performance on sovereign-guaranteed outputs and lending program priorities. The QBR identifies trend deviations from IDB portfolio targets to support Bank management efforts to identify and implement corrective measures. This edition compiles data for the first quarter of 2021.
Looking at the formalization of the meaning from the position of a transdisciplinary approach
Authors:   V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Fayans A.M.
Published: October 2021

The ability to operate with knowledge is based on the use of relevant concepts, their designations and descriptions. The latter, presented in a brief form, are the essence of definitions that adequately reflect the meaning embedded in this knowledge, and its features largely determine further logical constructions. Traditionally, descriptions are built on the basis of concepts related to the signs and connections inherent in the object of attention. The literature offers a description of concepts in the context of the context-semantic paradigm. The article attempts to consider not only the wellknown, but all potentially possible ways of forming an adequate description of the semantic content of concepts, using the version of the transdisciplinary approach proposed at the Institute of Control Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This option involves the identification and systematization of knowledge within the framework of a holistic structure. The procedure for forming a description that reveals the meaning of knowledge is considered as a method for solving the corresponding problem. Logical procedures that establish the origin of concepts and make it possible to indicate their place in a holistic structure, to determine the attainable boundaries of formalization in the formation of the desired descriptions and, consequently, the potential possibilities of realizability of strong artificial intelligence are described.
Formalization of the meaning. Part 2. Space of contexts
Authors:   Fund named after Academician Natalia Bekhtereva, St. Petersburg, Russia, Redozubov A.D.
Published: October 2021

In the first part of the article, it was shown that there is a significant difference between the concepts given through definitions described by sets of features, and those concepts that a person operates and behind which there is an idea of meaning. It has been suggested that this is the key point in differentiating the concept of traditional artificial intelligence and strong artificial intelligence. It was proposed to use related points of view, which can be described by appropriate contexts, to formalize natural concepts. This part of the article provides a formalization of the context as a unique point of view. With the context the original description acquires interpretation, its characteristic feature for this context. The use of previous experience allows us to check the adequacy of the received interpretation. By comparing the concepts used with their contexts, it is possible to obtain a space of contexts that is able to search for potentially possible meanings in the incoming information. The use of the context space allowed us to describe the mechanism for transferring experience from one context to another. Based on the contextual transfer, an explanation of the phenomenon of creativity and a description of its nature are given.
An approach to the automatic linguistic ontology construction to determine the interests of social networks users
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia, Namestnikov A.M. , Pirogova N.D. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia, Filippov A.A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
Published: October 2021

Social networks provide researchers with the opportunity to obtain an array of text data for further analysis within a certain subject area. Each subject area has its own specific professional vocabulary and writing style. When defining the subject area of text material there is a big problem with building dictionaries, thesauri, and ontologies. In this article a linguistic ontology is considered under ontology and which is aimed to determine the subject area of text material. An algorithm for the automatic construction of an ontology based on the Wikidata knowledge graph is presented. The task is to map a set of objects of the Wikidata knowledge graph to a set of entities of a linguistic ontology. The article proposes an algorithm for determining the degree of belonging of the text material to the subject area. Experiments on assessing the time of building an ontology and the applicability of the obtained linguistic ontologies to the problem of determining the degree of belonging of text materials in the subject area have shown: the running time of the algorithm and the number of terms in the formed ontology are directly proportional to the number of analyzed properties and Wikidata objects; the formed linguistic ontology is applicable to the problem of determining the degree of belonging of a text to a subject area.
Ku pełnemu uczestnictwu w Eucharystii w okresie pandemii
Authors: Migut Bogusław
Published: October 2021

Kult chrześcijański jest kultem na wzór Jezusa Chrystusa i w zjednoczeniu z Nim (Rz 12, 1). Dlatego najpełniejszym wyrazem kultu w Kościele jest Eucharystia. W niej uobecnia się sakramentalnie jedyna i raz na zawsze dokonana ofiara Chrystusa, czyli Jego życie w posłuszeństwie i oddaniu się Ojcu, które ma swe spełnienie w śmierci na krzyżu. Uczestnictwo wiernych w Eucharystii polega na naśladownictwie Jezusa w posłuszeństwie Ojcu, czyli na składaniu duchowych ofiar, które Jezus włącza w swą jedyną ofiarę. Uczestnictwo w Eucharystii jako szczególne wyzwanie w okresie pandemii nie tylko ze względu na trudności z fizycznym uczestnictwem, ale też możliwie pełnym uczestnictwem pozasakramentalnym, czyli na odległość. Pierwszym ważnym warunkiem jest pragnienie sakramentalnego uczestnictwa i zjednoczenia z Chrystusem, czyli komunia duchowa. Pomocne w tym są transmisje Mszy przez środki przekazu. Kolejnymi istotnymi warunkami takiego uczestnictwa są towarzyszące mu pragnienie nieustannego nawracania się (ukierunkowanie życia na Boga) oraz zaangażowanie na różnych płaszczyznach w życie Kościoła. Za szczególny filar takiego uczestnictwa pozasakramentalnego należy uznać rozważnie słowa Bożego w formie lectio divina. Wierny ma prawo czytać księgi Pisma św. w dowolnej kolejności. Jednak najbardziej eklezjalną lekturą Biblii jest ta, ukierunkowana na codzienną Eucharystię. Pojedynczy wierny karmi się tym słowem, które danego dnia jest skierowane do całego Kościoła.
Niepokalane Poczęcie Najświętszej Maryi Panny w lex orandi Kościoła w świetle oficjum wotywnego po Soborze Trydenckim
Authors: Pałęcki Waldemar
Published: October 2021

Liturgia jako theologia prima odgrywała ważną rolę w kształtowaniu się świadomości prawd wiary, które stanowiły fundament modlitwy – lex orandi. Ta wzajemna relacja lex credendi–lex orandi znajdowała się u podstaw sformułowania dogmatu o Niepokalanym Poczęciu Najświętszej Maryi Panny w bulli papieża Piusa IX Ineffabilis Deus z 8 grudnia 1854. Wprawdzie to święto było obchodzone raz w roku, ale częstszą możliwość celebrowania tej tajemnicy – nawet cotygodniową – dawało oficjum wotywne, które zostało wprowadzone do Officium Divinum w 1727 r., a po ogłoszeniu dogmatu w 1854 r. ostatecznie zatwierdzono nowe teksty w 1863 r. Oficja wotywne zostały zniesione w 1912 r. Teksty liturgiczne pozwalają we właściwym świetle ukazać tajemnicę Poczęcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w lex orandi Kościoła po Soborze Trydenckim. Podkreślają one ścisły związek pomiędzy Niepokalanym Poczęciem a dziewiczym macierzyństwem Maryi. Od wieków bowiem Maryja została przygotowana przez samego Boga jako czyste mieszkanie dla Jego Syna. Otrzymując ten przywilej od Boga Maryja nie utraciła swojego dziewictwa. Dlatego ważną rolą było ukazanie piękna Maryi na tle misterium grzechu pierworodnego i obietnicy z Protoewangelii z Księgi Rodzaju. Myśl tę w oficjum uwypuklały teksty z Księgi Mądrości, Pieśni nad Pieśniami oraz z tekstów Ojców Kościoła. Wychwalając Maryję Pannę słowami oficjum wotywnego proszono o Jej wstawiennictwo w codziennym życiu, ale również o pomoc w dążeniu do zbawienia. Lektura i medytacja tekstów liturgicznych kształtuje więc właściwe postrzeganie kultu Maryi w tradycji Kościoła Zachodniego.
Taksā d-h.usāyā. Sakramentalny obrzęd pokuty i pojednania w Asyryjskim Kościele Wschodu
Authors: Potoczny Mateusz
Published: October 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaznajomienie czytelnika z teologią sakramentu pokuty i pojednania w Asyryjskim Kościele Wschodu oraz z wykształconą w łonie tej wspólnoty liturgią jego celebracji zwaną „obrzędem pojednania” (taksā d-h.usāyā). Zaprezentowane badania przeprowadzone zostały w oparciu o syryjską tradycję patrystyczną oraz o najważniejsze źródło liturgiczne, jakim w tym wypadku jest obrzęd, którego redakcję przypisuje się katolikosowi Ishā'Yahbowi III (†659). Analiza obejmuje kolejno teologiczny obraz „odzienia chwały”, który tworzy łączność między sakramentem pokuty a chrztem, sens chrześcijańskiego nawrócenia oraz prezentację obrzędu wraz ze zwróceniem uwagi na jego osobliwości. Studium każe spojrzeć na syro-orientalną celebrację sakramentu jako na obrzęd kompleksowy i teologicznie spójny z intuicją innych wspólnot świata chrześcijańskiego. Wspomniane w studium osobliwości obrzędu wskazują na jego oryginalność i w żaden sposób nie deprecjonują jego teologicznej, liturgicznej czy merytorycznej wartości.
Gömülü Betonarme Boruların Analitik ve Sayısal Yöntemler ile Tasarımı
Authors: DEMİRCİ Onur , KILIÇ Havvanur , YAZICI Gökhan
Published: October 2021

Gömülü betonarme borular, kentsel altyapının kritik bileşenleridir. Tasarımlarında, boru özellikleri, boruyu çevreleyen dolgu zemin, yataklama koşulları ve etki eden dış yükler dikkate alınarak ampirik veya sayısal yöntemler kullanılır. Bu çalışmada, uygulamada yaygın olarak kabul gören ampirik ve sayısal analiz yöntemleri dikkate alınarak yapılan tasarım hesaplarındaki farklılıklar geri dolgu malzeme türü, dolgu yüksekliği ve boru çapı değişimi dikkate alınarak parametrik analizler ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, sayısal analizlerde zemin-boru etkileşiminin gerçekçi olarak dikkate alınması nedeniyle hesaplanan gerekli donatı alanlarının geleneksel tasarım yöntemlerinden elde edilen değerlere göre daha düşük olduğunu göstermektedir.
Modelling COVID-19 epidemic and its social consequences
Authors: Pugachova Olena
Published: October 2021

The paper studies different approaches to modelling COVID-19 transmission. It is emphasized that the variety of models proposed for forecasting the dynamics of epidemic and its long-term socio-economic consequences deals with the complexity of the object under investigation. So the multiplicity of models makes it possible to describe different aspects of complex reality. It is also highlighted that agent-based simulation is more suitable for modelling social aspects of the processes (human behaviour, social interactions, collective behaviour, and opinion diffusion) in the situation of deep uncertainty.The computer experiments with the parameters of the model are analysed on the basis of a number of agent-based models in NetLogo, namely epiDEM and ASSOCC. It is demonstrated that the dynamics of COVID-19 has different scenarios, and agent-based modelling is a powerful tool in political decisionmaking, taking into account social complexity that often exhibits unpredictable output of intervention policy. The role of agent-based modelling in social learning is also discussed. It is pointed out that social learning can reduce the impact of unsubstantiated statements and rumors that are not always adequate to the situation. It is also stressed that social learning could influence social behaviour that, in turn, facilitates the development of social patterns that reduces the likelihood of disease spreading. Attention is paid to the idea that involving people into the modelling process is a part of effective anti-epidemic policy because of the sensitivity of the output of political intervention to the behavioural reaction. It has been shown that today the ideas of agent-based modelling are widely used by social scientists worldwide. The aim of this endeavour is not only to overcome the current pandemic and its long-term socioeconomic consequences but also to prepare for new challenges in the future. The paper is also aimed at paying attention to the lack of agent-based models in Ukraine that could help policy-makers in developing practical recommendations and avoiding undesirable scenarios.
Features of using qualitative interviews with injection drug users
Authors: Artykutsa Serhii , Prokhorova Anna
Published: October 2021

This article is dedicated to some features of using qualitative interviews when interviewing injection drug users. The main purpose of this article is to give young researchers and all social scientists some important hints and guidelines that would help them when using qualitative interviews for studying injection drug users.

In the first part of the article authors make a literature review concerning specifics and advantages of using qualitative methods for studying specific groups or categories in sociology. However, there are many qualitative methods besides interview, that can be used for studying these groups (focus-groups, observation, content analysis, etc.), authors focus their attention on qualitative interviews as one of the most universal ones, considering its wide-spread use and advantages.

In the second part of the article authors reveal and stress some major points on every stage of qualitative interview: preparation, literature review, methodology development, respondent recruiting, interviewing and analysis. Some of the major points are the understanding of the social and cultural context in which the studied group lives, always paying attention to the senses and meanings that respondent give to concepts that are important to the research, the importance of trust for the injection drug users due to the illegality of their actions that is crucial on both recruitment and interviewing stage, ethical issues concerning confidentiality and anonymity, etc. Also researches in this area include such components as practical recommendations and the ways or steps that could be taken to solve problems related to research problematic. Despite concentrating on the use of one particular method for studying people who use injection drugs, hints and guidelines given in this article can be applied to a wider list of specific respondent’s categories and can even be useful when choosing similar methods.
DEVELOPMENT OF ARGININE DEIMINASE BASED CONDUCTOMETRIC BIOSENSOR FOR ARGININE DETERMINATION
Authors: Soldatkin O. O. , Kucherenko I. S. , Sayapina O. Ya. , Kucherenko D. Yu. , Marchenko S. V. , Soldatkin A. P. , Dzyadevych S. V.
Published: October 2021

For the first time, a conductometric enzyme biosensor was developed to determine arginine concentrations. The bioselective membrane of the biosensor was formed by immobilization of arginine deiminase on the surface of gold planar transducer using covalent crosslinking of glutaraldehyde with bovine serum albumin. An effect of the solution characteristics (ionic strength, buffer capacity) on the biosensor functioning was studied. The proposed monoenzyme biosensor was shown to have high sensitivity to arginine (minimum limit of detection - 5 μM) and good selectivity towards possible interferents. The linear range of determination was from 10 to 800 μM. The biosensor sensitivity to arginine is 72 μS /μM. The developed biosensor was demonstrated to be promising for the arginine analysis in real samples.
FISHING SPECIALIZATION OF PROTO-SLAVIC ANIMALIST LEXIS IN DIALECT OF UKRAINIAN
Authors: Minyailo R. V.
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the study of dialectal names of fishing realities relating to the names of other realities of industrial and economic activity, which attract attention not only by the similarity of sound form and their predicted proto basis, but also by the external similarity of these objects, motivated, according to our conclusions, archetypal images of animals: bull, horse (mare), goat, etc. (mare), goat (goat), etc. It is also concluded that in Ukrainian dialect exist changes in the sound structure of the names of fishing gear with a prismatic or pyramidal structure of the frame (similar to the body of an ungulate), related to the partial convergence of different etymologies of the All-Slavic era. For the name regel (regel, rugel, rukel, rogel, drigola, etc.), there was a convergence of the following etymons: Proto-Slavic *rog ˃ horn: a) the motivating factor «the frame of a fishing gear with crossed rods, resembling an animal with horns»; b) the motivating factor «formed by connecting two sticks angles in the design of fishing gear» – a horn in the output meaning; c) motivating factor «a wooden stick (horn) split at the end as an important element of the construction of a pyramidal fishing gear with a handle»; Proto-Slavic *drygati – jerk, pull out: a) the motivational factor is «immediate pulling out» the tackle with fish out of the water; b) the motivational factor «shaking, convulsions of the caught fish and hence the shaking of the tackle». The metaphorical transfer based on the image of a horned animal is most clearly traced in the name of the fishing tool regga, which exists in the area of Ukrainian-Belarusian Polissia and in the aspect of Balto-Slavic linguistic contacts is associated with such a reality as horns, and in the Ukrainian dialect continuum is associated with the name of an ox or a bull. A significant number of phonetic and word-forming variants of this word testify to its antiquity. According to our research, the most resistant to changes in the sound structure were the name of the fishing gear prismatic (sometimes pyramidal) shape of the mare ˂ proto-Slavic *kobyla. The durability and stability of this name should be determined in the development of the symbolism of the horse (mare's head) as a compositional element of the decoration of the roof of a house – a well-known structure that occupies an important place in a number of industrial and economic tools of prismatic shape.
MOTIVATIONAL ASPECT OF STUDENT NICKNAMES
Authors: Senyk H. V.
Published: October 2021

Modern studies of informal names are presented from different angles of observation: semantics, motivation, creation and gender peculiarities of this type of onyms. The issue of characters of the sociocultural environment, in which nicknames appear, and its influence on assignment of a name to a member of a certain collective is also being considered more actively in recent years. School and student nicknames are appearing in linguists’ field of view more and more often. The purpose of our investigation is to find out the motivational features of student nicknames. The object of our study is student nicknames. The subject is motivational features of the lexical base, which formed the basis for the creation of this type of onyms. The main task was to reveal the meaning of noted onyms, to determine the reasons for their appearance and to ascertain the features of the student unofficial onomasticon. The nicknames of students of the philological faculty of Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University served as material for the article. Student slang reflects on the peculiarities of creating nicknames. The language of students differs from the language of people of other age groups, and this is what determines the specifics of student naming. Individual nicknames of students are grouped into two categories by origin – nicknames of appellative origin nicknames of anthroponymic origin. Nicknames of anthroponymic origin make up the largest part of discovered names. They are motivated by the official names and surnames of bearers. Names, motivated by the features of bearer’s appearance, establish the largest group of onyms of appellative origin. By structure, such onyms are mostly one-component and expressed by nouns. Among the studied student nicknames, onyms with neutral or ameliorative meaning are predominant.
SYNTAX EXPRESSEMES IN THE POETIC DISCOURSE BY LESIA UKRAINKA: INTENTIONALITY AND AESTHETICS
Authors: Shabat-Savka S. T.
Published: October 2021

The article analyses Lesia Ukrainka’s poetic discourse from the standpoint of syntactic expressemes functioning within it. Expressemes are viewed as figurative-rhetorical constructions that express aesthetic, emotional-evaluative and expressive potential, effectively influence the human cognitive-mental complex, consciousness, spiritual worldview, emotional perception, in contrast to conventional syntactic units. Based on the relevant linguistic methodology, a significant amount of empirical data has been studied, which testifies to the artistic perfection of Lesia Ukrainka’s poetic idiolect. The use of a rich data source enabled systematization of syntactic expressemes and investigation of syntactic means of rhetoric speech, such as rhetorical questions, exclamations, dialogues. It is noted that rhetorical questions, in particular, realize emotionalexpressive statement or objection, creating figurative, semantic-aesthetic effect of communication, accentuate important information, representing a high style speech, and emphasize its sophistication and imagery. Drawing on empirical data the author also outlines functional potential of interrogative and exclamatory statements, focusing on the intentional potential of antiphrasis constructions and repetitions, and study period as a complex figurative-rhetorical construction, characterized by aphorism, dynamic nature and special syntactic structure. In the context of the poetic idiolect, vocative communication and addressing are analysed, which not only verbalize direct appeal but also serve as a source of aesthetic pleasure. Syntactic expressemes as a means of verbalizing the intentions of aesthetics in Lesia Ukrainka’s poetic discourse correspond to the author’s idea, create aesthetics and expressiveness, represent the writer’s linguistic creativity, testifying to the inalienable relevance of her work through the prism of time, history and personalities. The prospect of the research is seen in a more detailed study of the functional capabilities of syntactic expressemes in Lesia Ukrainka’s lyrical-epic discourse.
INTERFAMILY COMMUNICATION OF UKRAINIAN-RUSSIAN BILINGUALS
Authors: Braha I. I.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the article is to model the situation of oral communication of UkrainianRussian bilinguals within a family by its parameters: topic, place, time, participants. For the purpose of the analysis, the descriptive method and the method of discourse analysis are employed. The paper studied audio recordings of oral interfamily communication among Ukrainian-Russian bilinguals and surzhyk speakers from town and village in the Sumy region. By interfamily communicative interaction we understand a type of everyday communication in which members of different families are involved, who are related by blood (provided they live separately), by marriage or by being godparents. Communication within a family circle is predominately cooperative. However, compared to communication within a wider circle of friends it is more prone to conflict; the interlocutors are, therefore, more likely to follow formal rules for polite conversation. Interfamily speech interaction can be both phatic and informative; it manifests itself through oral (dialogues and polylogues) and written (letters, including emails) communication. However, both forms are characterized by non-codified speech. We have identified the main features of communicative behavior of members of different families taking into account such extralinguistic factors as social role, status, age and gender of interlocutors. We have singled out the specific features of interfamily communication in the context of Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism. We have established, in particular, that both the choice of the language means and the code switching are determined by the following: changes in the topic of conversation, its duration, the birthplace of speakers and the region where they live as well as their respective status and role. In their speech behavior, men employ the tactics of assertiveness, seek to conform to the stereotypes of masculinity. Women, especially the older ones, employ the tactics of transferring their life experience and family values and seek to maintain communicative balance. The older generation is more communicatively active than the young. Further research will test the obtained results against a larger body of empirical data.
VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT «JOY» IN THE UKRAINIAN WORLDVIEW:BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF FICTIONAL PROSE
Authors: Olkhovych-Novosadiuk M. M.
Published: October 2021

JOY is considered to be one of the basic human emotions and key concepts in culture. The study of emotional concepts is complex as it combines psychological, cognitive, linguistic and ethnocultural fields. The study of concepts is valuable because it enables us not only to identify the culturally specific worldview of a certain lingual-cultural community and single out its national and cultural peculiarities, but also understand the word as a lexical unit in the context of culture, cognition, and communication. The article is dedicated to the research of the emotional concept JOY, its structure and means of verbalization in the Ukrainian worldview. The research is a part of a more complex study which is being conducted by applying the method of cognitive definition suggested by Jerzy Bartmiński ‒ a famous Polish linguist and ethnologist. The source of the material for the research ‒ the electronic corpus of texts "Mova Info", in particular its subcorpus – fictional prose of the Ukrainian literature from the second half of the XX century to the beginning of the XXI century (300 examples). The research showed that the concept JOY in the Ukrainian linguaculture has the following meanings: Joy is a positive feeling, emotion, psychological state, mood, character trait, and can denote a person who causes joy. Joy has different qualities such as duration, sincerity, reality, expectation, frequency, order, degree of control, intensity, depth and volume. Joy is expressed through facial expressions, physiological, behavioral and vocal reactions. The common reasons for Ukrainians to feel joy are universal concepts and values (life, freedom), faith in God, psychological state (love, desire), people (family, friends), humor, jokes, home, objects and phenomena of nature, seasons, material goods, money, gifts, food, drinks, news, important events in life (marriage, child birth), having sex, celebrations, meeting people, mental activities (thinking, learning), entertaining, having a rest, going for walks, travelling, adventures, achievements, success, victory, discovery.
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТРІЩИНОСТІЙКОСТІ ЗАЛІЗОБЕТОННИХ ШПАЛ З БЕЗПІДКЛАДКОВИМ ПРУЖНИМ РЕЙКОВИМ СКРІПЛЕННЯМ
Authors: Andrii Plugin  , Sergii Miroshnichenko  , Oleh Kalinin  , Lilian Liakhu  , Sergii Hanzhela
Published: October 2021

З метою встановлення впливу різних чинників на пошкодження залізобетонних шпал з проміжними рейковими скріпленнями безпідкладкового типу та підвищення їхньої тріщиностійкості виконано експериментальні дослідження, які включали натурні обстеження та випробування статичними і динамічними навантаженнями. У результаті випробувань шпал статичним навантаженням встановлено вплив відхилення арматурного пакета від проєктного положення і висоти перерізів шпал від проєктних величин на показник їхньої тріщиностійкості. У результаті випробувань шпал динамічними навантаженнями встановлено, що за рахунок підвищення класу бетону ресурс шпал до утворення пошкоджень підвищується. Для шпал з проміжними рейковими скріпленнями безпідкладкового типу рекомендовані заходи щодо зниження пошкоджуваності та підвищення їхнього ресурсу.
RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES QUALITY INDICATOR CHANGING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT MUTUAL INFLUENCE OF FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS AUTOSERVICE SYSTEM
Authors: Liudmyla Tarandushka
Published: October 2021

The analysis of perspective tendencies which connected with changing of autopark structure and designs of vehicles, the newest technologies of diagnosing their technical condition and service, methods of estimation services quality at the existing auto service enterprises, the last EU directives on application of the corresponding technical regulations has shown that innovative approaches to the organization of technical service systems for vehicles, assessing the quality of technological processes of maintaining and restoring the working condition of vehicles and ensuring the efficiency of car service systems should be applied. Therefore, the development of methodology for assessing the quality of technological processes of vehicle recovery at the systems of auto service enterprises, which would take into account a comprehensive approach to future trends in fleet structure and vehicle designs, the latest technologies for diagnosing their technical condition and maintenance, methods of assessing service quality is an urgent problem today.The article is devoted to the study of influence independent parameters describing the morphological structure of auto service system on the quality of technological processes fore restoring the efficiency of vehicles. The independent parameters are: capacity of auto service companies (number of posts), level of personnel availability, production organization form, automobile full weight, energy unite type, automobile age, income level of vehicle’s owners. The analysis is performed using visualization of a nonlinear model of the Sugeno type, developed in the Matlab package. The study is conducted for the following types of auto service companies:maintenance points, car repair shops, service stations, authorized service stations, specialized auto service enterprises, complex auto service enterprises. It is shown that for the studied enterprises of different types technical service the change of values morphological features of the main functional elements allows to increase the level of quality of technological processes of vehicle’s maintenance and restoration from 0,1% to 21,1%.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROCEDURE FOR SEARCHING RATIONAL TIME RESERVES FOR RECOVERY OF TRAIN MOVEMENT OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES
Authors: Prokhorchenko Andrii , Gurin Dmytro , Lahuta Iryna , Sunytska Viktoriia
Published: October 2021

This article improves the procedure for finding rational time reserves for theresumption of trains of different categories depending on the number of detained trains on the basisof the epidemiological SIR-model. A modified epidemiological SIR-model has been implemented forthe experimental railway line, which allows to take into account the interaction of trains of differentpriorities in the train schedule and the possibility of resumption of delayed trains due to the set timereserve. The adjustment of the delay rate transfer coefficients on the real data of train delays at theline has been performed. The solution of the system of differential equations of the SIR-model isproposed to be performed by the numerical Runge-Kutta method of the 4th order. Experimentalstudies of the impact of passenger train delays on the reliability of the regulatory schedule havebeen conducted. Experimental studies of the impact of passenger train delays on the reliability ofthe regulatory schedule have been conducted. The dependences of the number of detained trains ofdifferent categories on the change in the amount of time reserve for the resumption of trains ofdifferent categories are obtained. Rational time reserves for passenger, suburban and freight trainshave been established. These results were expertly assessed and confirm the adequacy of theobtained decisions in the practice of developing a regulatory schedule of trains at JSCUkrzaliznytsia. The application of the proposed approach will automate the complex process offinding rational values of compensation time in the threads of trains of different categories on therailway line and, as a consequence, increase the level of reliability of the regulatory train schedule.
Thermodynamic Property Calculation in Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Multicomponent Mixtures using Highly Accurate Helmholtz Free Energy Equation of State
Authors: Luo T. , Chirkov A.Yu.
Published: October 2021

Thermodynamic properties of multicomponent mixtures in phase equilibrium were studied. The tangent plane criterion was used for stability analysis, and the Gibbs energy minimization was employed for phase equilibrium calculation when the successive substitution didn't converge. Thermodynamic properties of a 12-component natural gas mixture in vapor-liquid equilibrium were calculated with highly accurate Helmholtz free energy equation of state GERG--2008, simplified GERG--2008 and common cubic Peng --- Robinson (PR) equation of state. Results show that in vapor-liquid equilibrium, GERG--2008 has high accuracy and works better than simplified GERG--2008 and PR-equation of state. Simplified GERG--2008 and PR-equation of state both work unsatisfactorily in vapor-liquid equilibrium calculation, especially near the saturation zone. The deviation function in GERG--2008 can significantly affect the accuracy of GERG--2008 when calculating thermodynamic properties of mixtures in vapor-liquid equilibrium
Experimental Studies of Rocket Fuels Oxygen--Hydrogen, Oxygen--Methane Ignition by a Semiconductor Laser
Authors: Rebrov S.G. , Golubev V.A. , Golikov A.N. , Morgunov A.E.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents results of experimental studies aimed at introducing laser ignition of fuel mixtures into aero-space design practice. The source of ignition energy was a semiconductor laser featuring fibre radiation output, operating in a quasi-continuous wave mode. We carried out experiments for oxygen--hydrogen and oxygen--methane fuel types. The purpose of our research was to demonstrate the fundamental possibility of implementing fuel ignition by means of this type of laser, using a rocket engine igniter and a low-thrust rocket engine as examples. Employing semiconductor lasers directly as an ignition source for fuel mixtures in aerospace technology is attractive as it may feasibly reduce the requirements for thermal conditions during operation of the laser ignition system on board a rocket or spacecraft, as well as expand the range of permissible vibration and shock loads. The paper presents experimental results that delineate operating parameter ranges and operation cyclograms for the devices under consideration that ensured stable ignition of oxygen--hydrogen and oxygen--methane fuel mixtures; we also list the required power parameters for a semiconductor laser. The investigation revealed the specifics of using a semiconductor laser-based ignition system, which will be useful in developing laser rocket launching devices, ensuring reliable repeated on-off functionality
‘Jews to Madagascar’: Poland in the face of ethnical problems in the 1930s
Authors: Trębacz Zofia
Published: October 2021

The idea of deporting the Jewish population of Europe was part of a modern anti-Semitism. Poland was no exception in this regard. Under the influence of other countries implementing anti-Jewish laws, also Polish anti-Semitism became more radical. After 1935, such postulates were openly expressed as the policy of the Polish government has changed its character – from state to national. Additionally, due to the global economic crisis the idea began to be taken far more seriously not just in national Catholic circles. The resettlement of Jews was seen as the way to reduce unemployment and to ‘Polonise’ Polish cities, as masses of poor peasants could replaced the Jewish workers as far as trade and craftsmanship were concerned. The authors of immigration plans for European Jews suggested evacuating them most willingly to uncivilised countries – including Madagascar (a French colony) – due to the fact that their lands were either not used at all or only used to an insufficient and inadequate extent. In Poland, the idea was first adopted in 1926 as a solution to the problem of overpopulation in rural areas. However, the conditions on the island did not allow settlement and soon the idea fell through. Yet it came back a decade later as a proposal of deporting exclusively Polish Jews. At the time, the project was taken much more seriously and in 1937 the Polish government commissioned a task force to examine the possibility of settling in Madagascar and to evaluate the island’s potential, in particular its climate and labour conditions. But the reports of the commission members were full of contradictions and the French were showing growing caution on the matter.
Two German-Jewish rescue programmes launched in Great Britain, 1933–1939
Authors: Rosner Anna M.
Published: October 2021

Between 1933 and 1939 many British organisations, as well as individuals, who witnessed the rise of Nazi Germany, the implementation of anti-Jewish laws, and growing anti-Semitism, decided to take action. There were numerous attempts aimed at supporting Jews living in the Third Reich, either by providing them with money or by helping them emigrate. This article describes two largest such programmes, i.e. the Kindertransports, and an unnamed action focused on intellectuals, scientists, and artists. The article first discusses the character of both, and then proceeds to explore the question of the character of the migrations presented, as well as the differences between migration and refuge seeking. It concludes with the issue of post-war mobility of the participants of both programmes.
Bundists and the issue of emigration from Poland after the Second World War
Authors: Rusiniak-Karwat Martyna
Published: October 2021

The main objective of this paper is to present a change in the attitudes among Bundists towards emigration in the post-war Poland. The program of the Jewish Labour Bund throughout its existence was based on three pillars: here-ness (doykayt), family-ness (mishpokhedikayt), and Jewish-ness (Yiddishkayt). After the Second World War some of them lost their significance. Many Jews, including Bundists, saw their future outside Poland. In the article I will show different attitudes of the members of the Bund towards emigration, as well as the reasons behind their choices: either to stay in Poland or to leave the country.
The Jewish Autonomous Region of Birobidzhan in Siberia
Authors: Vitale Alessandro
Published: October 2021

The Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR) of Birobidzhan in Siberia is still alive. The once famous “Siberian Zion”, at the confluence of the Bira and Bidzhan rivers, a stone’s throw away from China and a day from the Pacific Ocean, 9,000 km and six days by train from Moscow, is still a geographical reality. The political class of the Soviet Union decided to create a territory the size of Belgium for a settlement for Jews, choosing a region on the border between China and the Soviet Union. It believed that Soviet Jews needed, like other national minorities, a homeland with a territory. The Soviet regime thus opted to establish an enclave that would become the JAR in 1934. We should note that the creation of the JAR was the first historically fulfilled case of building an officially recognised Jewish national territory since antiquity and well before Israel. Nevertheless, many historians declared this experiment a failure and the history of the Region only tragic. It is interesting to note, however, that the survival of the JAR in post-Soviet Russia has been not only a historical curiosity, a legacy of Soviet national policy, but today – after the collapse of the Soviet Union – it represents a very interesting case study. It is also a topic useful for the analysis and understanding of inter-ethnic relations, cooperation, and coexistence and it is a unique case of geographic resettlement that produced a special case of “local patriotism”, as an example also for different ethnic groups living in the JAR, based on Jewish and Yiddish roots.