bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A machine learning approach to Czech readability
Authors: Williams Peter Jeffrey , Reynolds Robert
Published: February 2024

We present a new corpus of Czech texts labeled for second-language readability, and show results of experiments to train machine-learning classifiers to automatically label new texts according to reading level. We report results comparing the performance of traditional machine-learning models (including Random Forest, XGBoost, Linear Discriminant Analysis, and XGBoost Random Forest) and a neural network (XLM-RoBERTa). The results of our research can be implemented in tools to support learning Czech, a less commonly taught language. We extract 46 linguistic features in various categories for use with traditional machine-learning algorithms. We train models on these features and evaluate their performance with recursive feature elimination to determine how informative each feature is for each model. We then compare those results to those of a transformer trained for the same task on the same corpus. XGBoost achieves the highest accuracy at 0.81, suggesting that these traditional models can still perform as well as, or better, than newer models on this task. Notably, the transformer has the lowest mean F1 at 0.74.¹ ¹ Code available at https://github.com/peterjwms/czech-readability.
Generative AI tools in CALL: what are the options for teachers and language practitioners?
Authors: Bedi Branislav , Rayner Manny , Simonsen Annika
Published: February 2024

We present an exploration of generative artificial intelligence's potential in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), describing recent and expected near-future developments, tools, practical applications, and ethical considerations in the field. We trace different stages of development in CALL and argue that the advent of generative AI has inaugurated a new stage of Intelligent CALL. We consider the possible capabilities and limitations of AI as found in recent studies, compare with our personal, hands-on experience of using generative AI in CALL, and suggest ways to successfully utilise this technology. In particular, we briefly present the C-LARA project, which is a current focus of our activities.
Using Google Translate’s Speech Features for Self-Regulated French Pronunciation Practice
Authors: Papin Kevin , Cardoso Walcir
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the pedagogical use of Google Translate’s Text-To-Speech (TTS) and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) capabilities for improving L2 French students’ pronunciation of orthographic {-ent} endings in French: while {-ent} is silent in verbal constructions (e.g. “(ils) résident” [re.zid] ‘(they) reside’), the same sequence is pronounced [ã] in other forms such as nouns and adjectives (e.g. “(un) résident” [re.zi.dã] ‘(a) resident’). Twenty beginner learners of French completed self-regulated homework activities using Google Translate to listen to (to develop sound awareness and aural perception) and produce phrases (to develop oral production) containing the target {-ent} forms. A pretest, immediate posttest, and delayed posttest measured awareness, perception, and production of {-ent} pronunciation. Results of repeated-measures ANOVA indicate no significant improvement in awareness or perception, but a significant increase in production scores from pretest to each of the two posttests. The findings suggest that integrating Google Translate’s built-in speech technologies into L2 pedagogy can improve the oral production of French grapheme-to-phoneme rules, such as those observed in {-ent} sequences.
Evaluating the effectiveness of Microsoft Transcribe for automating the assessment of pronunciation in language proficiency tests
Authors: Nelson Carey , Cardoso Walcir
Published: February 2024

Improvements in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) have created opportunities for using it as a tool to facilitate second and foreign language (L2) assessment. These technical improvements have not only enabled automation of language proficiency test scoring but also reduced evaluator bias and errors, decreased processing time, and lowered costs for testing organizations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate English as a Second Language (ESL) pronunciation using the ASR feature in the Microsoft 365 product suite, Transcribe (MS-T). The study involved adult ESL learners at a Canadian university that partook in a language proficiency test. We examined the audio recordings of 56 candidates during the pronunciation portion of the test. Building on previous studies that found a strong correlation between scores from Google Voice Typing and human raters, the current study conducted a similar analysis comparing scores derived from MS-T to both human ratings and Google Voice Typing. Our findings indicate that the ASR capabilities of MS-T, similar to Google Voice Typing, can assume an important role in L2 speaking assessment by providing objectivity and reliability to the testing process, expediting scoring, and reducing costs.
The impact of a Telehealth-based Behavioral Lifestyle Program on hypertension control in African American participants: results from the HEALS Med-Tech randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dodani Sunita Dodani , Clarke Amanda , El Moudden Ismail , Gunawardena Tharidu , Bedi Navdhit
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The HEALS Med-Tech program offers a unique blend of lifestyle changes and technology to improve hypertension (HTN) management in African Americans (AAs), a group disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods

A randomized controlled trial compared HEALS Med-Tech against usual care for uncontrolled hypertension in AAs, focusing on diet, medication adherence, and telehealth.

Results

In a study of 61 participants, HEALS Med-Tech significantly reduced systolic blood pressure by 12.95 mm Hg (p = 0.008) and 9.19 mm Hg (p = 0.013) at 3 and 12 months, respectively, demonstrating improved hypertension control.

Conclusions

HEALS Med-Tech demonstrates potential in HTN management for AAs, advocating for culturally tailored, tech-integrated healthcare expansion.
Using Machine Learning to Predict Heart Failure: A Comparative Analysis of Various Classification Algorithms
Authors: Osei Isaac , Adomako Acheampong Baafi
Published: February 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of machine learning algorithms for predicting heart failure, a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Employing a robust dataset of patient records with diverse clinical features, the performance of several widely-used classification algorithms, including K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests (RF), and Gaussian Naive Bayes etc. are systematically evaluated and compared. The methodology encompasses loading the dataset, data pre-processing, feature selection, model training, and validation. The performance of each algorithm is rigorously assessed using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and the area under the ROC curve with Random Forest outperforming the other classification algorithms. The study further investigates the influence of hyper-parameter tuning and cross-validation on model efficacy. Additionally, an interpretative analysis of the models, offering insights into feature importance and the clinical relevance of the prediction outcomes were provided. The findings aim to contribute to the field of medical informatics by identifying the most effective machine learning strategies for heart failure prediction, thereby facilitating early intervention and personalized patient care. This research not only underscores the potential of machine learning in healthcare but also highlights the challenges and considerations in developing reliable predictive models for complex medical conditions.
Derecho a la protección de datos personales y control laboral a través de dispositivos de geolocalización
Authors: Rodríguez-Rico Roldán Victoria
Published: February 2024

En el control de la actividad laboral, se recurre cada vez con más frecuencia a los instrumentos que habilita la innovación tecnológica tan característica de nuestro tiempo. Entre ellos, los sistemas de geolocalización permiten recabar una información exhaustiva y un seguimiento sumamente preciso, pero también plantean problemas de confrontación con los derechos fundamentales de los trabajadores. El presente artículo se centra precisamente en abordar los retos que se advierten desde el enfoque del derecho a la protección de datos personales. El marco normativo será objeto de análisis ineludible, si bien el carácter casuístico del tema, así como las ausencias y silencios en la regulación, justifican que la doctrina judicial sea igualmente considerada.
Desarrollo territorial, sistema de actores e instalación de capacidades. Una interpretación
Authors: Monterrosa Luis Antonio
Published: February 2024

En este artículo se hace una interpretación específica de lo que se entiende por “desarrollo territorial”. Se parte no solo de una específica comprensión de lo que es desarrollo – o debería ser – sino también de posibles interpretaciones del agregado “territorial” al desarrollo. Se concluye que el concepto y realidad del “sistema de actores” es el elemento clave de la comprensión operativa del desarrollo territorial. A partir de ello se extraen consecuencias operativas, éticas y de instalación de capacidades que hagan posible que el “sistema de actores” se convierta en sujeto histórico, es decir autores, actores y agentes de su propio destino.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 78, No. 773, 2023: 57-73.
Improvement of the fertilizer system and trace element composition to increase the stability of flax agrocenoses in the Smolensk region
Authors:   Smolensk state agricultural Academy, Bogdanova Larisa , Prudnikova Anna , Prudnikov Anatoly
Published: February 2024

Long-lived flax refers to crops that are demanding on the level of soil fertility and mineral nutrition conditions. Therefore, in the technologies of cultivation of this crop, the choice of soils according to the indications of acid-base properties and the balanced application of macro- and micro-fertilizers is important. Keywords: FLAX-LONG-LIVED, COMPLEX FERTILIZERS–ECOGUM, ORGANO-MINERAL COMPLEX (OMK), COMPLEX TRACE ELEMENTS-MULTILENE, NUTRIVANT PLUS, FLAX FIBER, SEEDS
Monitoring Kesehatan Warga Desa Sidodadi Ramunia Melalui Pemberdayaan Kader Posyandu Berbasis Cloud Computing
Authors: Sindar Sinaga Anita , Panggabean Erwin , Mulyani Sri
Published: February 2024

Empowering village residents requires support from network infrastructure and devices, software, digital literacy and assistance. Posyandu plays a role in helping the Village Government (Pemdes) improve basic health and social services. Problems that arise are that Posyandu cadres. IT skills need to be trained so that reporting from the field can be directly connected to village reports. The solutions provided through PKM activities are increasing the participation of mothers and toddlers, the elderly in posyandu and increasing the IT skills of Posyandu cadres. Community empowerment activities produce digital applications. during eight months service activity resulted in a health monitoring application system aimed at facilitating monitoring of posyandu activities in Ramunia Village.
Strategic Innovation and Organizational Sustainability in the context of External Changes in Government Plans
Authors: Allui Alawiya , Rawshdeh Zainab
Published: February 2024

Contemporary studies are now documenting that strategic innovation is crucial for increased organizational sustainability, however, few studies have been done on the effect of strategic innovation practices and organizational sustainability on the framework of fundamental changes in government development plans or economic diversity. A quantitative exploratory study design and analysis was carried out through a survey of 350 plus Saudi employees to explore and study the correlation of strategic innovation practices on organizational sustainability, during the implementation of the Kingdom of Saudi Vision 2030. Findings of this study indicate that strategic innovation is impressively being practiced in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the 2030 vision. The results also ascertained that strategic innovation practices tested in this study are found to be positively related to organizational sustainability during this phase. The research importantly adds to the organizational sustainability and strategic innovation extant literature by clarifying their relationship in an emerging economy during a government structural plan change. This paper offers a first comprehensive and exhaustive review on the link of strategic innovation and organizational sustainability frameworks in an emerging economy. The paper builds as research on progress, of an empirical study on the synergy between strategic innovative practices and organizational sustainability during an economic diversification process in an emerging economy.
Cerita Rakyat Legenda Raden Ayu Putri Media Buku Untuk Anak-Anak Desa Terung
Authors: Kiswanto Hery , Hakim Ahmad Irfani , Ernawati
Published: February 2024

Perancangan ini memiliki judul Perancangan Buku Illustrasi Cerita Rakyat Legenda Raden Ayu Putri. Tujuan merancang Buku Ilustrasi ini adalah untuk menambah pengetahuan dan menerapkan makna dari cerita rakyat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Permasalahan yang ada di daerah Terung adalah kurangnya pengetahuan anak-anak tentang cerita rakyat. Apalagi dengan zaman sekarang yang sudah modern dan berkembang pesatnya teknologi. Cerita-cerita dari luar negeri pun masuk ke Indonesia. Dalam hal ini dibutuhkan edukasi untuk anak-anak betapa penting dan makna kehidupan yang ada di dalam cerita rakyat tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif yaitu metode pengumpulan data dari observasi di tempat pemakaman Raden Ayu Putri, wawancara dengan juru Kunci makam Raden Ayu Putri yaitu pak Sahuri dan pak Sumaji lalu di sertai studi literatur tambahan untuk membantu dalam pembuatan buku ilustrasi. media yang digunakan adalah buku. Keunggulan dari media buku cerita rakyat ini adalah illustrasi yang menarik untuk anak-anak dan dipilihnya media buku agar meminimalisir penggunaan gadget. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis SWOT, Strength perancangan ini adalah mempunyai ciri khas sendiri dari segi visual. Jenis gambar yang menarik untuk anak-anak. Weakness dari perancangan Buku Illustrasi Cerita Rakyat Legenda Raden Ayu Putri adalah biaya cetak yang dikeluarkan tidak sedikit, Opportunity dari perancangan Buku Illustrasi ini adalah di daerah terung wetan tidak adanya buku Illustrasi Cerita Rakyat khususnya untuk anak-anak, Threat dari perancangan ini adalah kecanduan smartphone yang berlebihan dan pengaruh-pengaruh cerita hero, kartun lainnya dari luar negeri. Hasil dari desain ini adalah mendidik anak-anak untuk dapat mengetahui dan peduli dengan budaya yang ada di sekitar dan di Indonesia.
Forward operator for polarimetric radio occultation measurements
Authors: Hotta Daisuke , Lonitz Katrin , Healy Sean
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) polarimetric radio occultation (PRO) observations sense the presence of hydrometeor particles along the ray path by measuring the difference of excess phases in horizontally and vertically polarised carrier waves. As a first step towards using these observations in data assimilation and model diagnostics, a forward operator for the GNSS-PRO observable ΦDP (polarimetric differential phase shift) has been implemented by extending the existing two-dimensional forward operator for radio occultation bending-angle observations. Evaluation of heavy-precipitation cases showed that the implemented forward operator can simulate the observed ΦDP in synoptic-scale atmospheric river (AR) cases very accurately. For tropical cyclone cases it is more challenging to produce reasonable ΦDP simulations, due to the high sensitivity of ΦDP with respect to displacement of the position of the tropical cyclones. It was also found that snow is the dominant contributor to the simulated ΦDP and that the ability to compute the ray paths in two dimensions is essential to accurately simulate ΦDP.
Iron “ore” nothing: benthic iron fluxes from the oxygen-deficient Santa Barbara Basin enhance phytoplankton productivity in surface waters
Authors: Robinson De'Marcus , Pham Anh L. D. , Yousavich David J. , Janssen Felix , Wenzhöfer Frank , Arrington Eleanor C. , Gosselin Kelsey M. , Sandoval-Belmar Marco , Mar Matthew , Valentine David L. , Bianchi Daniele , Treude Tina
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The trace metal iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient that controls phytoplankton productivity, which subsequently affects organic matter cycling with feedback on the cycling of macronutrients. Along the continental margin of the US West Coast, high benthic Fe release has been documented, in particular from deep anoxic basins in the Southern California Borderland. However, the influence of this Fe release on surface primary production remains poorly understood. In the present study from the Santa Barbara Basin, in situ benthic Fe fluxes were determined along a transect from shallow to deep sites in the basin. Fluxes ranged between 0.23 and 4.9 mmol m−2 d−1, representing some of the highest benthic Fe fluxes reported to date. To investigate the influence of benthic Fe release from the oxygen-deficient deep basin on surface phytoplankton production, we combined benthic flux measurements with numerical simulations using the Regional Ocean Modeling System coupled to the Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling (ROMS-BEC) model. For this purpose, we updated the model Fe flux parameterization to include the new benthic flux measurements from the Santa Barbara Basin. Our simulations suggest that benthic Fe fluxes enhance surface primary production, supporting a positive feedback on benthic Fe release by decreasing oxygen in bottom waters. However, a reduction in phytoplankton Fe limitation by enhanced benthic fluxes near the coast may be partially compensated for by increased nitrogen limitation further offshore, limiting the efficacy of this positive feedback.
Variance estimations in the presence of intermittent interferences and their applications to incoherent scatter radar signal processing
Authors: Zhou Qihou , Li Yanlin , Gong Yun
Published: February 2024

Abstract. We discuss robust estimations for the variance of normally distributed random variables in the presence of interferences. The robust estimators are based on either ranking or the geometric mean. For the interference models used, estimators based on the geometric mean outperform the rank-based ones both in mitigating the effect of interferences and reducing the statistical error when there is no interference. One reason for this is that estimators using the geometric mean do not suffer from the “heavy tail” phenomenon as the rank-based estimators do. The ratio of the standard deviation over the mean of the power random variable is sensitive to interference. It can thus be used to combine the sample mean with a robust estimator to form a hybrid estimator. We apply the estimators to the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar signals to determine the total power and Doppler velocities in the ionospheric E-region altitudes. Although all the robust estimators selected work well in dealing with light contaminations, the hybrid estimator is most effective in all circumstances. It performs well in suppressing heavy contaminations and is as efficient as the sample mean in reducing the statistical error. Accurate incoherent scatter radar measurements, especially at nighttime and E-region altitudes, can improve studies of ionospheric dynamics and compositions.
(anchored) isochrons in IsoplotR
Authors: Vermeesch Pieter
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Isochrons are usually fitted by 'York regression', which uses a weighted least squares approach that accounts for correlated uncertainties in both variables. Despite its tremendous popularity in modern geochronology, the York algorithm has two important limitations that reduce its utility in several applications. First, it does not provide a satisfactory mechanism to deal with so-called 'errochrons', i.e. datasets that are overdispersed with respect to the analytical uncertainties. Second, York regression is not readily amenable to anchoring, in which either the slope or the intercept of the isochron is fixed based on some external information. Anchored isochrons can be very useful in cases where the data are insufficiently spread out to constrain both the radiogenic and non-radiogenic isotopic composition. This paper addresses both of these issues by extending a maximum likelihood algorithm that was first proposed by Titterington and Halliday (1979, Chemical Geology 26.3-4: 183-195). The new algorithm offers the ability to attribute any excess dispersion to either the inherited component ('model 3a') or to diachronous closure of the isotopic system ('model 3b'). It provides an opportunity to anchor isochrons either to a fixed age, or to a fixed nonradiogenic composition. Last but not least, it allows the user to attach meaningful analytical uncertainty to the anchor. The new method has been implemented in IsoplotR for immediate use in Ar/Ar, Pb/Pb, U/Pb, Th/Pb, Rb/Sr, Sm/Nd, Lu/Hf, Re/Os, K/Ca and U-Th-He geochronology.
Technical note: a new analytical protocol for apatite (U-Th)/He and trace element analysis (incorporating a continuous ramped heating measurement system for the He)
Authors: Derycke Alexis , Cogné Nathan , Bavay Dominique , Vilbert David , Dutruch Lionel , Ternois Sebastien , Ruffet Gilles , Jolivet Marc , Gallagher Kerry
Published: February 2024

Abstract. This study details the procedures developed between 2021 and 2023 at the Géosciences Rennes lab (GeOHeLiS plateform, Rennes University, France) for obtaining precise (U–Th)/He thermochronological data on apatite. The methodology involves crystal selection, measuring helium (4He) content by heating crystals, and analyzing them using noble gas mass spectrometry. Additionally, determining U, Th, and Sm contents is achieved through crystal dissolution and subsequent solution analysis with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (QQQ-MS). Emphasis is placed on a new approach to quadrupole 4He sensitivity calibration based on Durango apatite, ensuring a precision of ~3.9 % in 4He content determination. The study also highlights the development of a "ramped heating – direct analysis" protocol used to screen apatite diffusion behaviour. In addition, a new quantification protocol for major and trace elements measured in apatite is presented, employing a standard concentration range approach rather than the isotopic spiking technique commonly used for (U-Th)/He studies.
Towards the definition of a solar forcing dataset for CMIP7
Authors: Funke Bernd , Dudok de Wit Thierry , Ermolli Ilaria , Haberreiter Margit , Kinnison Doug , Marsh Daniel , Nesse Hilde , Seppälä Annika , Sinnhuber Miriam , Usoskin Ilya
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The solar forcing prepared for Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) has been used extensively in climate model experiments and has been tested in various intercomparison studies. Recently, an International Space Science Institute (ISSI) working group has been established to revisit the solar forcing recommendations, based on the lessons learned from CMIP6, and to assess new datasets that have become available, in order to define a road map for building a revised and extended historical solar forcing dataset for the upcoming Phase 7 of CMIP. This paper identifies the possible improvements required and outlines a strategy to address them in the planned new solar forcing dataset. Proposed major changes include the adoption of the new Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS-1) solar reference spectrum for solar spectral irradiance and an improved description of top-of-the-atmosphere energetic electron fluxes, as well as their reconstruction back to 1850 by means of geomagnetic proxy data. In addition, there is an urgent need to consider the proposed updates in the ozone forcing dataset in order to ensure a self-consistent solar forcing in coupled models without interactive chemistry. Regarding future solar forcing, we propose consideration of stochastic ensemble forcing scenarios, ideally in concert with other natural forcings, in order to allow for realistic projections of natural forcing uncertainties.
jsmetrics v0.2.0: a Python package for metrics and algorithms used to identify or characterise atmospheric jet streams
Authors: Keel Tom , Brierley Chris , Edwards Tamsin
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The underlying dynamics controlling jet streams are complex, but it is expected that they will have an observable response to changes in the larger climatic system. A growing divergence in regional surface warming trends across the planet, which has been both observed and projected since the start of the 20th century, has likely altered the thermodynamic relationships responsible for jet stream formation and control. Despite this, the exact movements and trends in the changes to the jet streams generally remain unclear and without consensus in the literature. The latest IPCC report highlighted that trends both within and between a variety of observational and modelling studies were inconsistent (Gulev et al., 2021; Lee et al., 2021). Trends in jet streams were associated with low to medium confidence, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. However, what is often overlooked in evaluating these trends is the confused message in the literature around how to first identify, and then characterise, the jet streams themselves. We classify the methods for characterising jet streams in the literature into three broad strategies: statistics that isolate individual values from the wind speed profile (jet statistics), methods for quantifying the sinuosity of the upper air (waviness metrics), and algorithms that identify a mask related to the coordinates of fast-flowing wind throughout the horizontal and/or vertical plane (jet core algorithms). While each approach can capture particular characteristics and changes, they are subject to the spatial and temporal specifications of their definition. There is therefore value in using them in combination to assess parametric and structural uncertainty and to carry out sensitivity analyses. Here, we describe jsmetrics version 0.2.0, a new open-source Python 3 module with standardised versions of 17 metrics that have been used for jet stream characterisation. We demonstrate the application of this library with two case studies derived from ERA5 climate reanalysis data.
The implementation of dust mineralogy in COSMO5.05-MUSCAT
Authors: Gómez Maqueo Anaya Sofía , Althausen Dietrich , Faust Matthias , Baars Holger , Heinold Bernd , Hofer Julian , Tegen Ina , Ansmann Albert , Engelmann Ronny , Skupin Annett , Heese Birgit , Schepanski Kerstin
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Mineral dust aerosols are composed of a complex assemblage of various minerals depending on the region in which they originated. Given the different mineral composition of desert dust aerosols, different physicochemical properties and therefore varying climate effects are expected. Despite the known regional variations in mineral composition, chemical transport models typically assume that mineral dust aerosols have uniform composition. This study adds, for the first time, mineralogical information to the mineral dust emission scheme used in the chemical transport model COSMO–MUSCAT. We provide a detailed description of the implementation of the mineralogical database, GMINER (Nickovic et al., 2012), together with a specific set of physical parameterizations in the model's mineral dust emission module, which led to a general improvement of the model performance when comparing the simulated mineral dust aerosols with measurements over the Sahara region for January–February 2022. The simulated mineral dust aerosol vertical distribution is tested by a comparison with aerosol lidar measurements from the lidar system PollyXT, located at Cape Verde. For a lofted mineral dust aerosol layer on 2 February at 05:00 UTC the lidar retrievals yield a dust mass concentration peak of 156 µg m−3, while the model calculates the mineral dust peak at 136 µg m−3. The results highlight the possibility of using the model with resolved mineral dust composition for interpretation of the lidar measurements since a higher absorption in the UV–Vis wavelengths is correlated with particles having a higher hematite content. Additionally, the comparison with in situ mineralogical measurements of dust aerosol particles shows that more of them are needed for model evaluation.
SnowPappus v1.0, a blowing-snow model for large-scale applications of the Crocus snow scheme
Authors: Baron Matthieu , Haddjeri Ange , Lafaysse Matthieu , Le Toumelin Louis , Vionnet Vincent , Fructus Mathieu
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Wind-induced snow transport has a strong influence on snow spatial variability, especially at spatial scales between 1 and 500 m in alpine environments. Thus, the evolution of operational snow modelling systems towards 100–500 m resolutions requires representing this process at these resolutions over large domains and entire snow seasons. We developed SnowPappus, a parsimonious blowing-snow model coupled to the state-of-the-art Crocus snow model able to cope with these requirements. SnowPappus simulates blowing-snow occurrence, horizontal transport flux and sublimation rate at each grid cell as a function of 2D atmospheric forcing and snow surface properties. Then, it computes a mass balance using an upwind scheme to provide eroded or accumulated snow amounts to Crocus. Parameterizations used to represent the different processes are described in detail and discussed against existing literature. A point-scale evaluation of blowing-snow fluxes was conducted, mainly at the Col du Lac Blanc observatory in the French Alps. Evaluations showed that SnowPappus performs as well as the currently operational scheme SYTRON in terms of blowing-snow occurrence detection, while the latter does not give access to spatialized information. Evaluation of the simulated suspension fluxes highlighted a strong sensitivity to the suspended particle's terminal fall speed. Proper calibrations allow the model to reproduce the correct order of magnitude of the mass flux in the suspension layer. Numerical performances of gridded simulations of Crocus coupled with SnowPappus were assessed, showing the feasibility of using it for operational snow forecast at the scale of the entire French Alps.
NERF-DRIVEN ALGORITHMS APPLIED ON 360 IMAGES FOR 3D MODELLING OF HERITAGE ASSET IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Condorelli F. , Luigini A.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. This study aims to fill a gap in existing research by focusing on the application of Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) algorithms to cultural heritage case studies using equirectangular image data captured with 360° cameras. The main objective is to evaluate and compare the performance of various NeRF algorithms applied to equirectangular images, shedding light on their suitability for cultural heritage preservation. the experiments were carried out on the case study of the library of the seminar in Brixen (Italy). By evaluating the effectiveness of NeRF in combination with conventional photogrammetric methods, the research highlights NeRF's competence in capturing complex details and addressing the challenges encountered in fast and expeditious 3D reconstruction of heritage. The positive results manifest in precise reconstructions, affirming the potential of NeRF in promoting the accuracy and fidelity of 3D models. Despite the computational demands, the study supports further exploration of NeRF-based algorithms, highlighting advantages and some limitations.
AN EFFECTIVE APPROACH FOR POINT CLOUD DENOISING IN INTEGRATED SURVEYS
Authors: di Filippo A. , Antinozzi S. , Limongiello M. , Messina B.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Outliers and noise in point cloud data are unavoidable due to intrinsic and/or extrinsic survey factors. Significant errors may result from false geometry produced by a collection of anomalies, compounded by sparse structure, irregular densities, and lack of geometric cohesion typical of point clouds nature. Thus, filtering techniques on raw data are required to produce accurate point clouds suitable for further processing. This objective is pursued in the following study through a comparative analysis between two registered clouds, one obtained from TLS, used as reference dataset and the other – to be filtered – from SLAM system. Four steps make up the workflow: analysing the comparison models’ geometric attributes, specifically surface density and roughness; constructing statistical tolerance limits for the TLS cloud’s roughness distribution; cleaning the SLAM cloud; assessing the filtering outcomes. Our efforts to effectively remove and mitigate noise, while preserving the original detail features of the object surface, have been driven by the detailed articulation of point cloud denoising approaches that have been introduced in recent years. However, in this wide context, our goal is not to provide a review or to explore the details of the various methods; rather, we want to offer a simple yet efficient method for obtaining an integrated model with a uniform noise level. This can be especially useful when the data from the survey will later be used in source-based modelling.
METHODS, DATA AND TOOLS FOR FACILITATING A 3D CULTURAL HERITAGE SPACE
Authors: Farella E. M. , Rigon S. , Remondino F. , Stan A. , Ioannidis G. , Münster S. , Medici M. , Maietti F. , Sánchez A.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. In recent years, the cultural heritage (CH) sector has experienced a rapid evolution due to the introduction of increasingly powerful digital technologies and ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) solutions. As for many other domains, digital data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Extended Reality (XR) are opening up extraordinary opportunities for expanding heritage knowledge capabilities while boosting the research on innovative solutions for its valorisation and preservation. Being aware of the fundamental and strategic role of CH in the history and identity of the European countries, the European Commission has assumed a central role in fuelling the policy debate and putting together stakeholders to take a step forward in CH digitization and use, primarily through initiatives, programs, and recommendations. Within this framework, the ongoing European 5DCulture project (https://www.5dculture.eu/) has been funded to enrich the offer of 3D CH digital assets in the common European Data Space for Cultural Heritage by creating high-quality 3D contents and to foster their re-use in several sectors, from tourism to education. Through 8 re-use scenarios around historic buildings and cityscapes, archaeology, and fashion, the project aims to deliver a set of digital tools and increase the capacity of CH institutions to more effectively re-use their 3D digital assets.
ACCURACY RESEARCH OF THE EFFECT OF LOCAL SURFACE MODELING METHODS ON THE GENERATION OF 3D MODELS OF HISTORICAL OBJECTS WITH ROCK-BASED BUILDING STRUCTURES USING OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE
Authors: Majid Z. , Zainuddin K. , Mohd Ariff M. F. , Aspuri A. , Mohd Salleh M. F. , Ariffin A. , Maulani A. J.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The paper describes the effect of the local surface modelling methods known as plane, quadric and triangulation on the generation of the 3D mesh models of the historical objects with rock-based building structures using Cloudcompare, an open-source software for point cloud data processing. The methodology begins with data collection of the 3D test objects using terrestrial laser scanning technology, the pre-processing of the point cloud data, the point cloud subsampling process, the process of generating of the local surface modelling data, the process of generating the 3D mesh models and finally, the analysis, which involves the 3D surface deviation analysis between the generated 3D mesh models. The overall results shows that there are no significant differences between the 3D mesh models that was generated from all the three local surface modelling methods. The histogram analysis shows that the plane and the quadric local surface modelling methods is the best methods to be used in the research where the 3D test object to be modelled contains curvy surfaces without sharp edges and corners.
AR EXPLORATION OF THE PERSPECTIVE/ARCHITECTURAL SPACE PAINTED BY PERUGINO
Authors: Menconero S.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The perspective study of one of the panels from the cycle of San Bernardino attributed to Perugino has revealed a contracted space in depth, represented three-dimensionally by the objective model. In contrast, the ideal model eliminates the contraction and maintains the proportions dictated by the architectural interpretation. The contribution presents an advancement in the perspective study aimed at developing an augmented reality (AR) application. It is designed to be experienced at the museum housing the artwork, serving as an in-depth exploration that explains to visitors the nature of the perspective space and the architectural space represented. The case study of the painting by Perugino becomes an opportunity to define and experiment with a workflow aimed at creating AR applications focused on the visualisation of architectural models derived from the perspective restitution of pictorial works. The description of the adopted method focuses on the following aspects: the use of the pictorial image as an AR marker and the relationship between the perspective picture plane and the 3D model; the optimisation of 3D models for AR visualisation purposes; the issue of the landscape; scene lighting; and the user interface for multilayer interaction.
DEEP-IMAGE-MATCHING: A TOOLBOX FOR MULTIVIEW IMAGE MATCHING OF COMPLEX SCENARIOS
Authors: Morelli L. , Ioli F. , Maiwald F. , Mazzacca G. , Menna F. , Remondino F.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Finding corresponding points between images is a fundamental step in photogrammetry and computer vision tasks. Traditionally, image matching has relied on hand-crafted algorithms such as SIFT or ORB. However, these algorithms face challenges when dealing with multi-temporal images, varying radiometry and contents as well as significant viewpoint differences. Recently, the computer vision community has proposed several deep learning-based approaches that are trained for challenging illumination and wide viewing angle scenarios. However, they suffer from certain limitations, such as rotations, and they are not applicable to high resolution images due to computational constraints. In addition, they are not widely used by the photogrammetric community due to limited integration with standard photogrammetric software packages. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces Deep-Image-Matching, an open-source toolbox designed to match images using different matching strategies, ranging from traditional hand-crafted to deep-learning methods (https://github.com/3DOM-FBK/deep-image-matching). The toolbox accommodates high-resolution datasets, e.g. data acquired with full-frame or aerial sensors, and addresses known rotation-related problems of the learned features. The toolbox provides image correspondences outcomes that are directly compatible with commercial and open-source software packages, such as COLMAP and openMVG, for a bundle adjustment. The paper includes also a series of cultural heritage case studies that present challenging conditions where traditional hand-crafted approaches typically fail.
COMPARISON OF STATE-OF-THE-ART MULTI-VIEW STEREO SOLUTIONS FOR CLOSE RANGE HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Murtiyoso A. , Markiewicz J. , Karwel A. K. , Grussenmeyer P. , Kot P.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. In recent years novel 3D reconstruction methods have been developed to improve the conventional image-based point cloud generation techniques. These novel methods generally attempt to address various challenges encountered in conventional methods, namely, the reconstruction of reflective surfaces and the amount of processing time required, both of which are major bottlenecks in heritage documentation and especially those related to large and complex objects. In this paper, we identified three types of 3D image-based reconstruction techniques and tested their usage on heritage datasets, namely (1) conventional multi-view stereo (MVS), (2) learning-based MVS, and (3) neural radiance fields (NeRF). The aim of this study is to determine the capabilities of these methods in reconstruction of three different heritage-related datasets with different challenges. Our results show that conventional MVS is nowadays a reliable solution for 3D reconstruction, in many instances recording good results relative to the reference terrestrial laser scans (TLS) when properly deployed. When applied to a challenging highly reflective scene, conventional MVS fared well using the PatchMatch algorithm (reaching an object completeness rate of 99.05%), while NeRF’s best performance was 99.98%. However, NeRF suffered from noisy data, some of which may stem from its radiance field-to-point cloud conversion method. The results show that there is great potential in using specific methods for specific cases, and research in combining them may yield interesting results in the future.
MULTI-MODAL/MULTI-RESOLUTION 3D DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING FOR A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF THE HISTORICAL CITY OF SIENA (ITALY)
Authors: Pansini R. , Guzel S. , Morelli G. , Barsuglia F. , Penno G. , Catanzariti G. , Merico A. , Carpentiero M. G. , Camporeale S. , Campana S.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The paper presents the acquisition and data processing approach for the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and laser scanner surveys carried out within the SOS project (the acronym comes from ‘SOtto Siena’, in English ‘Beneath Siena’). SOS is a program aimed to overcome some of the problems and limitations currently present in the study of cities with long-term continuity of life, responding in particular to the need for a better understanding of the city’s ancient fabric and hence to improvements in its conservation by: GPR city survey full coverage (of all the public spaces, streets, squares, courtyards, gardens, etc.), GIS data entry of the historical-archaeological and geoarchaeological knowledge and the development of a 3D Archaeological WEBGIS.The paper discusses the procedure for the creation of a 3D viewer within an already active WEBGIS platform, specifically created for the visualisation and management of archaeological data. The GPR data, once acquired, were exported in 3D in the form of point clouds and subjected to a procedure of cleaning and filtering from noise, so as to eliminate geometries not referable to anomalies and therefore to the presence of buried structures or cavities, and then transformed into mesh to meet the needs of the subsequent process of semantic enrichment. The GPR survey of the underground was flanked by laser scanning of some of the most significant structures in the historic centre (e.g. the cathedral). All 3D geometries were then inserted into the new visualiser via a pipeline using open-source tools and libraries.
FAST AND SMART 3D MODELLING: AN ALGORITHMIC TOOL BASED ON CHURCH TYPOLOGY
Authors: Scandurra S. , Capone M. , Palomba D.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Increasingly advanced technological development and the broad possibilities introduced by computer graphics and parametric-semantic modelling force us to reflect on the concept of smart models, especially in relation to the purposes for which the models themselves are created, directing research towards in-depth studies linked to the type of information that the model is intended to convey. This research shows the results obtained in the development and experimentation of a generative modelling algorithm dedicated to the rapid and semi-automatic modelling of churches. The work stems from the need to elaborate a useful tool to prepare, in a short time, an intelligent database - graphic and informative - rapidly visualisable, dedicated to the management of churches in post-earthquake emergency conditions.The main objective is to make efficient the processes of data management and visualisation based on the seismic damage assessment sheets [D.P.C.M. 23 February 2006 (G.U. 7.3.2006, no. 55)] through procedures capable of expanding the information patrimony and, at the same time, optimising documentation and intervention times, costs and resource management (Chevrier, et al., 2009). The procedure for realising the parametric model is based on the concept of shape grammar. It allows different types of churches to be generated from the modification of basic shapes prepared according to the concept of a macro-element. It makes it possible to generate different types of churches from the modification of basic shapes prepared according to the macro-element concept (Lanzara, et al., 2021). The algorithm was tested by applying it to several case studies to evaluate its effectiveness and future implementations.
GIS-LIKE ENVIRONMENTS AND HBIM INTEGRATION FOR ANCIENT VILLAGES MANAGEMENT AND DISSEMINATION
Authors: Barrile V. , Genovese E.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Over the past two decades, we have witnessed significant progress in the digitization of artistic and cultural heritage, which was initially aimed at conservation and analysis but has since expanded its scope to emphasize the dissemination and knowledge of artworks and sites of historical, archaeological, and architectural interest. For ancient villages management and dissemination, there are numerous existing tools, among these Building Information Model (BIM), Geographic Information System (GIS), virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality apps and online platforms. These design and analysis systems have, however, interoperability and integration problems. In attempt to solve these problems, in this context, the research activity involves the creation of a 3D model, and HBIM of Precacore complex starting from the points cloud obtained by images acquired by DJI mini 3 pro. The procedure for importing the 3D HBIM model in a GIS environment using Autodesk Infraworks software will be described, followed by the creation of the Virtual/Augmented/Mixed reality app using the Unity 3D platform and Microsoft Hololens for the purpose of attempting to solve the problems relating the different data format deriving from the use of the commercial software from a virtual point of view. Finally, the methodology for the creation of a hybrid and experimental system will be proposed that, by exploiting the Cesium ion platform, allows the possible (although not complete) effective integration of the multi-scale information contained in both software used for the modeling HBIM and GIS.