bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Medication Use During Pediatric Medical Emergency Team Events and the Role of a Pharmacist-Provided Medication Supply
Authors: Bembea Melania M. , Rapan Parbuoni Kristine A. , Zimmer Karen P. , Veltri Michael A. , Shilkofski Nicole A. , McMillan-Nelson Kristen , Lee Carlton K.K. , Hunt Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVES

To determine the type and frequency of and indications for medications used during pediatric medical emergency team (PMET) events and to describe a PMET pharmacist training model, creation of a standardized “pharmacist PMET supply,” and the pharmacist's role in implementation and ongoing improvement of a PMET.

METHODS

This is a retrospective observational cohort study of 210 PMET events in 172 patients in a tertiary care, academic pediatric hospital, from September 15, 2005, to September 15, 2007. We focused on the types and sources of medications used during PMET events.

RESULTS

The medications most commonly used were lorazepam (11%), neuromuscular blockers (10.5%), atropine (9.5%), epinephrine bolus (9%), and albuterol or levalbuterol (9%). However, 49 distinct medications were used in 53.8% of all PMET events. Of all medications requested during a PMET event, only 40% originated from an institutionally standardized emergency medication box, while an additional 35% were readily available at the patient's bedside as part of the “pharmacist PMET supply.”

CONCLUSIONS

A wide variety of medications are required to care for children who suffer acute in-hospital deterioration. The pharmacist's medication supply and expertise ensured immediate availability of therapies for clinical entities ranging from seizures and anaphylaxis to rapid sequence intubation, regardless of the PMET event location.
Recommendations for Meeting the Pediatric Patient's Need for a Clinical Pharmacist: A Joint Opinion of the Pediatrics Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy and the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group
Authors: Bhatt-Mehta Varsha , Buck Marcia L. , Chung Allison M. , Farrington Elizabeth Anne , Hagemann Tracy M. , Hoff David S. , LaRochelle Joseph M. , Pettit Rebecca S. , Phan Hanna , Potts Amy L. , Smith Katherine P. , Parrish Richard H.
Published: December 2012

Children warrant access to care from clinical pharmacists trained in pediatrics. The American College of Clinical Pharmacy Pediatrics Practice and Research Network (ACCP Pediatrics PRN) released an opinion paper in 2005 with recommendations for improving the quality and quantity of pediatric pharmacy education in colleges of pharmacy, residency programs, and fellowships. While progress has been made in increasing the availability of pediatric residencies, there is still much to be done to meet the direct care needs of pediatric patients. The purpose of this Joint Opinion paper is to outline strategies and recommendations for expanding the quality and capacity of pediatric clinical pharmacy practitioners by 1) elevating the minimum expectations for pharmacists entering practice to provide pediatric care; 2) standardizing pediatric pharmacy education; 3) expanding the current number of pediatric clinical pharmacists; and 4) creating an infrastructure for development of pediatric clinical pharmacists and clinical scientists. These recommendations may be used to provide both a conceptual framework and action items for schools of pharmacy, health care systems, and policymakers to work together to increase the quality and quantity of pediatric training, practice, or research initiatives.
La collection de mammifères du Musée canadien de la nature : 100e anniversaire en 2012
Authors: Khidas Kamal
Published: December 2012

Le Musée canadien de la nature entretient des collections d’envergure nationale et internationale. L’année 2012 marque le centième anniversaire du développement soutenu de sa collection de mammifères. Par ses recherches et ses expéditions entreprises au Canada, le personnel scientifique du musée a collecté 46 % des spécimens de mammifères acquis à ce jour. Par ailleurs, les dons de spécimens faits par des organismes comptent pour 31 % de la collection. Les acquisitions de spécimens les plus nombreuses et l’organisation de l’information ont connu 2 périodes marquantes : de 1920 à 1939, et, surtout, de 1960 à 1985. Comptant maintenant 85 000 spécimens, la collection de mammifères du Musée canadien de la nature constitue une source majeure d’information pour les études sur la biodiversité canadienne et son évolution au cours du dernier siècle.
Le stage de « pratique accompagnée ». Analyse sociocognitive d’un dispositif de formation initiale des enseignants
Authors: Marcel Jean-François , Garcia Audrey
Published: December 2012

Cet article analyse un dispositif de formation initiale des enseignants : le stage de pratique accompagnée. En s’appuyant sur un cadre en deux volets (les théories de l’apprentissage social et une typologie des savoirs professionnels), une étude de cas met au jour les apprentissages professionnels de sept enseignants stagiaires de l’enseignement agricole public français. La démarche d’analyse montre que ce dispositif est propice à la mise en oeuvre d’un apprentissage professionnel spécifique. Elle propose ensuite une modélisation systémique du stage de pratique accompagnée qui l’envisage tour à tour comme un système social, un système d’activités et un système d’apprentissage professionnel.
Automatization, Skill Acquisition, and Practice in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Dekeyser Robert , Criado Raquel
Published: December 2012

In the last few decades, the study of second language acquisition has been dominated by perspectives from linguistics, in particular syntactic theory, psycholinguistics, and socio‐linguistics. Cognitive‐psychological perspectives are increasingly common in the study of the mental lexicon and online processing. Given, however, that second/foreign language proficiency implies a set of skills that enable speakers to comprehend and produce messages quickly and efficiently, cognitive psychology in general and skill acquisition theory in particular are also unquestionably relevant to second language acquisition, assuming that one is interested in what students can do with the language at various stages of learning, and not just what the underlying abstract competence is.
Conversation Analysis and Laughter
Authors: Holt ELizabeth
Published: December 2012

Social interaction centers on linguistic elements but nonlinguistic aspects are also crucial. One of these is laughter. It might be thought that laughter is not subject to the kinds of patterns that underpin talk; that it is often simply a spontaneous reaction to finding something funny. But research in conversation analysis (CA) has revealed that this is not the case. Laughter is, in fact, highly organized and is the product of the same kind of ordering that provides for all social interaction. Thus, existing research has revealed regularities in its use in terms of where it occurs in turns and within sequences; in the kinds of interactional environments it occupies; and in the tasks it accomplishes. Research on interaction has also thrown light on the relationship between laughter and humor.
Validity in Qualitative Research
Authors: Holliday Adrian
Published: December 2012

Qualitative research is a mainstream social science methodology which looks deeply at instances of social life which are difficult to see with more quantitative surveys and experiments.
Studying the Removal of Co(II) from Aqueous Solution by Using Conducting Polypyrrole
Authors: Pourshaban Zahra , Shabanpour Fatemeh , Eisazadeh Hossein
Published: December 2012

In this study, polypyrrole (PPy) was employed for the removal of Co(II) from aqueous media. The adsorption studies have been carried out to determine the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, and pH on the removal of Co(II) by using PPy as an adsorbent. The optimum conditions of sorption were PPy dose of 2 g in 100 mL of Co(II), contact time of 20 min, and pH 12. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations were subjected to sorption data to estimate sorption capacity. The kinetic data indicated that the adsorption process was controlled by the pseudo–second‐order equation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 2013, 32, 21328; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21328
Active fault isolation of nonlinear process systems
Authors: Du Miao , Mhaskar Prashant
Published: December 2012

This work considers the problem of designing an active fault‐isolation scheme for nonlinear process systems subject to uncertainty. The faults under consideration include bounded actuator faults and process disturbances. The key idea of the proposed method is to exploit the nonlinear way that faults affect the process evolution through supervisory feedback control. To this end, a dedicated fault‐isolation residual and its time‐varying threshold are generated for each fault by treating other faults as disturbances. A fault is isolated when the corresponding residual breaches its threshold. These residuals, however, may not be sensitive to faults in the operating region under nominal operation. To make these residuals sensitive to faults, a switching rule is designed to drive the process states, upon detection of a fault, to move toward an operating point that, for any given fault, results in the reduction of the effect of other faults on the evolution of the same process state. This idea is then generalized to sequentially operate the process at multiple operating points that facilitate isolation of different faults for the case where the residuals are not simultaneously sensitive to faults at a single operating point. The effectiveness of the proposed active fault‐isolation scheme is illustrated using a chemical reactor example and demonstrated through application to a solution copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2435–2453, 2013
Upregulated levels of human β‐defensins in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis after allergen‐specific immunotherapy treatment
Authors: Bogefors Jesper , Kvarnhammar Anne Månsson , Cardell Lars‐Olaf
Published: December 2012

Background

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important actors in the innate immune system. One class of AMPs is the human β‐defensins (HBDs), a group of small peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Expression of HBDs is downregulated in different manifestations of allergic disease. In this study, we examine whether allergen‐specific immunotherapy (ASIT) affects the nasal levels of HBDs in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR).

Methods

Nasal biopsies were examined for the occurrence of HBD1‐3 with real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Nasal lavage (NAL) fluids from healthy individuals, untreated SAR patients and SAR patients before and after ASIT were analyzed for levels of HBD1‐3 using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

Examination of nasal biopsies revealed HBD1‐3 expression at gene level as well as at protein level in all samples tested. HBD1 and HBD3 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were downregulated in SAR patients compared to healthy individuals. All HBDs were found in NAL fluids. SAR patients having completed 3 years of ASIT displayed higher levels of HBD1 and HBD2 than before treatment, whereas levels of HBD3 were unaffected.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates an upregulation of HBD1 and HBD2 in SAR patients after completion of ASIT. This may reflect the importance of an intact innate immune response as part of our defense against infections among allergic individuals.
Filme molekularer Bewegungen und Reaktionen: Einzelmolekültransmissionselektronenmikroskopie in Echtzeit
Authors: Nakamura Eiichi
Published: December 2012

“The truth is, the Science of Nature has been already too long made only a work of the Brain and the Fancy: It is now high time that it should return to the plainness and soundness of Observations on material and obvious things,” das erklärte der stolze Robert Hooke in seinem Bildband von Mikroskop‐ und Teleskopbildern “Micrographia” im Jahre 1665. In der Chemie ist Hookes Äußerung heute noch gültig, wo ein erheblicher Arbeitsanteil notwendigerweise im Gehirn und durch Einbildungskraft stattfindet. Die Einzelmolekül‐Echtzeit‐Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (SMRT‐TEM) als bildgebendes Verfahren mit atomarer Auflösung ermöglicht es uns jetzt, durch einfaches Zusehen mehr über Moleküle zu lernen. Wie bei jedem Traum, der wahr wurde, erforderte die Etablierung der neuen Analysemethode das Überdenken allgemein akzeptierter Meinungen in der Wissenschaft, und bietet nun neue Forschungsmöglichkeiten, die mit konventionellen Methoden nicht verfügbar sind. Mit ihrem Leistungsvermögen, die Bewegungen und Reaktionen einzelner Moleküle und Molekülcluster zu visualisieren, wird sich die SMRT‐TEM zum unverzichtbaren Werkzeug in den Molekularwissenschaften, der Entwicklung von natürlichen und synthetischen Stoffen sowie der wissenschaftlichen Ausbildung entwickeln.
Silber als antibakterielles Agens: Ion, Nanopartikel, Metall
Authors: Chernousova Svitlana , Epple Matthias
Published: December 2012

Die antibakterielle Wirkung von Silber wird in zahlreichen Haushalts‐ und Medizinprodukten genutzt. Dabei kommen außer Beschichtungen aus metallischem Silber auch Silbersalze und zunehmend auch Silber‐Nanopartikel zum Einsatz. Der Stand der Forschung zur Wirkung von Silber auf Bakterien, Zellen und höhere Organismen wird zusammengefasst. Es zeigt sich, dass das therapeutische Fenster für Silber kleiner ist, als oft angenommen wird. Gleichwohl sind die Risiken durch die Verwendung von Silber für Menschen und Umwelt als begrenzt einzuschätzen.
Fabrication of carbon‐core/TiO2‐sheath nanofibers from poly (vinyl alcohol)/TiO2 nanofibers by iodine‐vapor treatment and carbonization: effect of carbonization temperature
Authors: Nagamine Shinsuke , Tanaka Asumi , Ishimaru Shingo , Ohshima Masahiro
Published: December 2012

Carbon‐core/TiO2‐sheath nanofibers have been fabricated by iodine‐vapor treatment and carbonization of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/TiO2 composite nanofibers that were prepared by sol‐gel coating of TiO2 on the electrospun PVA nanofibers. The carbon/TiO2 nanofibers had diameters of a few hundred nanometers and sheaths of tens of nanometers. The effects of carbonization temperature on the structures and the electrical conductivity of nanofibers were investigated in the temperature range from 773 to 1073 K. The crystal structure of TiO2 sheath was anatase at low carbonization temperatures. The sample carbonized at 1073 K contained a small portion of rutile phase coexisting with anatase. The formation of carbon core with low degree of graphitization was confirmed for the sample carbonized over 873 K. The electrical conductivity was drastically improved by 6 orders of magnitude by increasing the carbonization temperature from 773 to 1073 K. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology and gas‐permeation analyses for poly(ether sulfone)/poly(vinyl alcohol) electrolyte composite membranes in the facilitated transport process
Authors: Esmaeili M. , Madaeni S. S. , Barzin J.
Published: December 2012

In this article, we describe the preparation procedure of poly(ether sulfone)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite membranes based on film casting and evaporation methods. The morphology and operation of these membranes in the ethylene/ethane separation process were investigated. AgNO3 and AgBF4 salts were applied in the PVA active layer as carrier agent providers. Salt addition to PVA solution weakened the hydroxyl bond potency and fortified the position of carrier agent in the active layer structure. Scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry revealed that the distribution fluctuation of carrier agents in the active layer increased with increasing salt concentration. The glass‐transition and α‐relaxation temperatures of the salt‐containing membranes were lower than those of salt‐free membranes. In addition, the polymeric structure of the salt‐containing membranes showed crystallinity during the heating process at temperatures higher than 160°C. Atomic force microscopy indicated that the surface roughness of composite membranes with smoother sublayers was greater than that of other membranes. The mechanical strength of membranes containing silver nitrate salt was higher than that of the salt‐free membranes. Permeation tests demonstrated an increase in the gas permeation and membrane selectivity after salt incorporation. A performance improvement in the facilitated transport mechanism was associated with increasing salt concentration. However, a higher operational pressure had an inverse impact on it. The saturation of active sites with ethylene molecules at higher pressures and the low plasticity of the created complexes in the membrane structure decreased the performance of the facilitated transport mechanism. The addition of AgBF4 salt, with a lower lattice energy compared to AgNO3, increased the real performance of the membranes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Processing and characterization of injection moldable polymer–particle composites applicable in brazing processes
Authors: Kirchberg Stefan , Holländer Ulrich , Möhwald Kai , Ziegmann Gerhard , Bach Friedrich‐Wilhelm
Published: December 2012

A novel method has been developed to process highly filled polymer–particle composites to test samples as braze metal preforms. Polypropylene (PP), low‐density polyethylene (LD‐PE) and high‐density polyethylene (HD‐PE) were used as polymer matrices. Two types of nickel‐based braze metal microparticles (Ni 102 and EXP 152) were compounded to the polymer matrices at filler contents up to 65 vol %. With enhancing filler content, torque at kneading rotors, and injection molding parameter were significantly affected by increasing viscosity. Injection molded composites show well‐distributed spherical microparticles and particle–particle interactions. Polymers decompose residue‐free at temperatures above 550°C, even for their composites. Adding particles reduces polymer crystallinity, whereas defined cooling at 5°C/min significantly increases the crystallinity and melt peak temperature of polymers compared to undefined cooling prior injection molding. Storage modulus of polymers increases significantly by adding filler particles. LD‐PE + 65 vol % EXP 152 show the most suitable composite performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Role of poly(lactic acid) in the phase transition of poly(vinylidene fluoride) under uniaxial stretching
Authors: Xie Qi , Ke Kai , Jiang Wen‐Rou , Yang Wei , Liu Zheng‐Ying , Xie Bang‐Hu , Yang Ming‐Bo
Published: December 2012

The effect of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) on the crystalline phase transition of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) from α‐ to β‐phase under uniaxial stretching for immiscible PVDF/ PLA blends was investigated. The typical sea‐island structure in the blends was found to facilitate the necking of PVDF and the transition from α‐ to β‐phase due to the local stress distribution during stretching. The crystalline phase transition of PVDF in the blends is temperature‐dependent and is affected by the content of PLA. The highest content of β‐phase, F(β), was achieved in the samples stretched at 60°C, while the effect of PLA content on the crystalline phase transition of PVDF is more complex. F(β) increases slightly when the sample with a PLA content no more than 15 wt % is stretched at 60, 80, and 100°C, and decreases sharply for the sample containing 20 wt % PLA; in addition, the sample containing 10 wt % PLA exhibits the highest F(β) no matter what the stretching temperature is. The mechanism of the crystalline phase transition of PVDF during the stretching is interpreted from energy barrier of the transition from α‐ to β‐phase and the morphological structures in the blends. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The use of underwater high‐voltage discharges to improve the efficiency of Jatropha curcasL. biodiesel production
Authors: Maroušek Josef , Itoh Shigeru , Higa Osamu , Kondo Yoshikazu , Ueno Masami , Suwa Ryuichi , Komiya Yasuaki , Tominaga Jun , Kawamitsu Yoshinobu
Published: December 2012

Underwater high‐voltage discharges (3.5 kV) resulting in 4.9 kJ shock waves (50–60 MPa) were studied at the laboratory scale as a Jatropha curcas L. seed disintegration method. Grinding and macerating in an excess of methanol (3.5:1) was advantageous because methanol acts both as a liquid carrier for the pressure shock waves and as a solvent that increases the efficiency of oil extraction while remaining usable for esterification. The influence of the number of shock waves and the intensity of methanol maceration on the heat values of the pressed cake are stated in detail. Soxhlet extraction demonstrated that a greater than 94% oil extraction was achieved. The increased disintegration of vacuoles rich in oil was documented by surface area analysis, mineralization kinetics analysis, and electron microscopy. The working volumes were small, and the proportion of energy inadequate compared to the yields released; however, much can be improved by upgrading the process.
Biochemical characterization of two recombinant ferredoxin reductases from Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2
Authors: Teimoori Afsaneh , Ahmadian Shahin , Madadkar‐Sobhani Armin
Published: December 2012

Alcanivorax borkumensis strain SK2 is a cosmopolitan oil‐degrading oligotrophic marine γ‐proteobacterium that exclusively uses petroleum hydrocarbons as sources of carbon and energy. Its ubiquity and unusual physiology suggest its global importance in the removal of hydrocarbons from polluted marine systems. The genome of A. borkumensis SK2 was recently sequenced. Two ferredoxin–nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) reductase genes (ABO_0145 and ABO_0203) have been annotated for this bacterium. In the present study, the expression, purification, and kinetic properties of these two genes were explored by constructing the prokaryotic expression vectors (pET21a) for the first time. Isopropyl β‐d‐thiogalactoside (0.5 mM) was used for induction of exponentially growing cells (30 °C, overnight). Most of the proteins were expressed in inclusion body. Partial purification of recombinant enzymes was performed by ion‐exchange chromatography on a DEAE‐sepharose column using only one linear gradient of sodium chloride ranging between 0 and 500 mM. The recombinant enzymes displayed reductase activity, which was optimal at pH 6.0 and 45 °C. Ferredoxin–NADPH reductases exhibited several outstanding properties that made them excellent model proteins to address broad biological questions. This study serves as the basis for further investigations of the biotechnological potential of these enzymes.
Toward reduction in animal sacrifice for drugs: Molecular modeling of Macaca fascicularis P450 2C20 for virtual screening of Homo sapiens P450 2C8 substrates
Authors: Rua Francesco , Di Nardo Giovanna , Sadeghi Sheila J. , Gilardi Gianfranco
Published: December 2012

Macaca fascicularis P450 2C20 shares 92% identity with human cytochrome P450 2C8, which is involved in the metabolism of more than 8% of all prescribed drugs. To date, only paclitaxel and amodiaquine, two substrate markers of the human P450 2C8, have been experimentally confirmed as M. fascicularis P450 2C20 drugs. To bridge the lack of information on the ligands recognized by M. fascicularis P450 2C20, in this study, a three‐dimensional homology model of this enzyme was generated on the basis of the available crystal structure of the human homologue P450 2C8 using YASARA. The results indicated that 90.0%, 9.0%, 0.5%, and 0.5% of the residues of the P450 2C20 model were located in the most favorable, allowed, generously allowed, and disallowed regions, respectively. The root‐mean‐square deviation of the C‐alpha superposition of the M. fascicularis P450 2C20 model with the Homo sapiens P450 2C8 was 0.074 Å, indicating a very high similarity of the two structures. Subsequently, the 2C20 model was used for in silico screening of 58 known P450 2C8 substrates and 62 inhibitors. These were also docked in the active site of the crystal structure of the human P450 2C8. The affinity of each compound for the active site of both cytochromes proved to be very similar, meaning that the few key residues that are mutated in the active site of the M. fascicularis P450 do not prevent the P450 2C20 from recognizing the same substrates as the human P450 2C8.
KCl:Dy phosphor for thermoluminescence dosimetry of ionizing radiation
Authors: Bhujbal P M , Dhoble S J
Published: December 2012

The thermoluminescence (TL) characterizations of γ‐irradiated KCl:Dy phosphor for radiation dosimetry are reported. All phosphors were synthesized via a wet chemical route. Minimum fading of TL intensity is recorded in the prepared material. TL in samples containing different concentrations of Dy impurity was studied at different γ‐irradiation doses. Peak TL intensities varied sublinearly with γ‐ray dose in all samples, but were linear between 0.08 to 0.75 kGy for the KCl:Dy (0.1 mol%) sample. This material may be useful for dosimetry within this range of γ‐ray dose. TL peak height was found to be dependant on the concentration (0.05–0.5 mol%) of added Dy in the host. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of pressure‐assisted thermal annealing on the optical properties of ZnO thin films
Authors: Berger Danielle , Kubaski Evaldo Toniolo , Sequinel Thiago , da Silva Renata Martins , Tebcherani Sergio Mazurek , Varela José Arana
Published: December 2012

ZnO thin films were prepared by the polymeric precursor method. The films were deposited on silicon substrates using the spin‐coating technique, and were annealed at 330 °C for 32 h under pressure‐assisted thermal annealing and under ambient pressure. Their structural and optical properties were characterized, and the phases formed were identified by X‐ray diffraction. No secondary phase was detected. The ZnO thin films were also characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence and ultraviolet emission intensity measurements. The effect of pressure on these thin films modifies the active defects that cause the recombination of deep level states located inside the band gap that emit yellow–green (575 nm) and orange (645 nm) photoluminescence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential sites of compression of tibial nerve branches in foot: A cadaveric and imaging study
Authors: Ghosh Sanjib Kumar , Raheja Shashi , Tuli Anita
Published: December 2012

Hypertrophy of abductor hallucis muscle is one of the reported causes of compression of tibial nerve branches in foot, resulting in tarsal tunnel syndrome. In this study, we dissected the foot (including the sole) of 120 lower limbs in 60 human cadavers (45 males and 15 females), aged between 45 and 70 years to analyze the possible impact of abductor hallucis muscle in compression neuropathy of tibial nerve branches. We identified five areas in foot, where tibial nerve branches could be compressed by abductor hallucis. Our findings regarding three of these areas were substantiated by clinical evidence from ultrasonography of ankle and sole region, conducted in the affected foot of 120 patients (82 males and 38 females), aged between 42 and 75 years, who were referred for evaluation of pain and/or swelling in medial side of ankle joint with or without associated heel and/or sole pain. We also assessed whether estimation of parameters for the muscle size could identify patients at risk of having nerve compression due to abductor hallucis muscle hypertrophy. The interclass correlation coefficient for dorso‐planter thickness of abductor hallucis muscle was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.63–0.92) and that of medio‐lateral width was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.62–0.88) in the imaging study, suggesting both are reliable parameters of the muscle size. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed, if ultrasonographic estimation of dorso‐plantar thickness is >12.8 mm and medio‐lateral width > 30.66 mm in patients with symptoms of nerve compression in foot, abductor hallucis muscle hypertrophy associated compression neuropathy may be suspected. Clin. Anat. 26:768–779, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aldehyde‐Assisted Hydrogen Transfer during the Formation of Hydride–Iridafurans from Alkynes and Aldehydes
Authors: Posadas Cristina M. , Rendón Nuria , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Hernández Yohar A. , Álvarez Eleuterio , Paneque Margarita , Poveda Manuel L.
Published: December 2012

The bis(ethylene) IrI complex [TpIr(C2H4)2] (1; Tp=hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) reacts with two equivalents of aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of one equivalent of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) with ultimate formation of hydride iridafurans of the formula [TpIr(H){C(R1)C(R2)C(R3)O}] (R1=R2=CO2Me; R3=alkyl, aryl; 3). Several intermediates have been observed in the course of the reaction. It is proposed that the key step of metallacycle formation is a CC coupling process in the undetected IrI species [TpIr{η1‐O‐R3C(O)H}(DMAD)] (A) to give the trigonal‐bipyramidal 16 e− IrIII intermediates [TpIr{C(CO2Me)C(CO2Me)C(R3)(H)O}] (C), which have been trapped by NCMe to afford the adducts 11 (R3=Ar). If a second aldehyde acts as the trapping reagent for these species, this ligand acts as a shuttle in transfering a hydrogen atom from the γ‐ to the α‐carbon atom of the iridacycle through the formation of an alkoxide group. Methyl propiolate (MP) can be used instead of DMAD to regioselectively afford the related iridafurans. These reactions have also been studied by DFT calculations.
Topology Switching in [32]Heptaphyrins Controlled by Solvent, Protonation, and meso Substituents
Authors: Alonso Mercedes , Geerlings Paul , De Proft Frank
Published: December 2012

The switching of topology between “figure‐eight”, Möbius, and untwisted conformations in [32]heptaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1.1) has been investigated by using density functional theory calculations. Such a change is achieved by variation of one internal dihedral angle and, if properly controlled, can provide access to molecular switches with unique optical and magnetic properties. In this work, we have explored different conformational control methods, such as solvent, protonation and meso substituents. Despite its antiaromatic character, most of the [32]heptaphyrins (R=H, CH3, CF3, Ph, C6F5) adopt a figure‐eight conformation in the neutral state, owing to their more‐effective hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The aromatic Möbius topology is only preferred with dichlorophenyl groups, which minimize the steric hindrance that arises from the bulky chlorine atoms. The conformational equilibrium is sensitive to the solvent, so polar solvents, such as DMSO, further stabilize the Möbius conformation. Protonation induces a conformational change into the Möbius topology, irrespective of the meso‐aryl groups. In the triprotonated species, the conformational switch is blocked and a non‐twisted conformer becomes much more stable than the figure‐eight conformation. We have shown that the relative energies of the protonated [32]heptaphyrins are dominated by aromaticity. Importantly, this topology switching induces a dramatic change in the magnetic properties and reactivity of the macrocycles, as revealed by several energetic, magnetic, structural, and reactivity indices of aromaticity.
A Heterobimetallic Approach To Stabilize the Elusive Disulfur Radical Trianion (“Subsulfide”) ${{\rm S}{{{{\bullet}}3- \hfill \atop 2\hfill}}}$
Authors: Yao Shenglai , Hrobárik Peter , Meier Florian , Rudolph Robert , Bill Eckhard , Irran Elisabeth , Kaupp Martin , Driess Matthias
Published: December 2012

A unique heterobimetallic disulfur monoradical, complex2, with a diamond‐shaped {NiS2Pt} core has been synthesized by two‐electron reduction of a supersulfido‐(nacnac)nickel(II) complex (nacnac=β‐diketiminato) with [Pt(Ph3P)2(η2‐C2H4)] as a platinum(0) source and isolated in 82 % yield. Strikingly, the results of DFT calculations in accordance with spectroscopic (EPR, paramagnetic NMR) and structural features of the complex revealed that the bonding situation of the S2ligand is between the elusive “half‐bonded” S2radical trianion (${{\rm S}{{{{\bullet}}3- \hfill \atop 2\hfill}}}$) and two separated S2−ligands. Accordingly, the NiIIcenter is partially oxidized, whereas the PtIIsite is redox innocent. The complex can be reversibly oxidized to the corresponding Ni,Pt‐disulfido monocation, compound3, with a SS single bond, and reacts readily with O2to form the corresponding superoxonickel(II) and disulfidoplatinum(II) (4) complexes. These compounds have been isolated in crystalline form and fully characterized, including IR and multi‐nuclear NMR spectroscopy as well as ESI mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of compounds2–4have been confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography.
ChemInform Abstract: B+13: A Photodriven Molecular Wankel Engine.
Authors: Zhang Jin , Sergeeva Alina P. , Sparta Manuel , Alexandrova Anastassia N.
Published: December 2012

Based on DFT and Born—Oppenheimer molecular dynamics calculations a model molecular Wankel motor, the dual‐ring structure B13+, driven by circularly polarized IR radiation near 3 THz is proposed as a potential building block for nanomachines.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure of Layered Ferroelectric High‐k Titanate Pr2Ti2O7.
Authors: Atuchin V. V. , Gavrilova T. A. , Grivel J.‐C. , Kesler V. G. , Troitskaia I. B.
Published: December 2012

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Pr6O11 and TiO2 (1100 °C, 300 h) and characterized by XRD and SEM.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetocaloric Effect of Gd64Co26Al9Y1 Metallic Glass.
Authors: Kastil Jiri , Kamarad Jiri , Javorsky Pavel
Published: December 2012

The title glass with very good magnetocaloric properties is prepared by rapid quenching of a melt of the elements using the splat cooling technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Non‐Polar Complexes Exhibiting Significant Piezoelectric Properties: Solvothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structures of MO5V(tren)·H2O (M: Mo and W; tren = Tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine).
Authors: Rasmussen M. , Naether C. , Bismayer U. , Bensch W.
Published: December 2012

The isostructural compounds (III) and (V) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth and Characterization of New‐Type Lead Tungstate Single Crystal.
Authors: Wang Hong , Chen Hao‐Hong , Borrmann Horst , Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Zhao Jing‐Tai
Published: December 2012

Yellow Pb3WO6 crystals are hydrothermally prepared from PbO and WO3 using aqueous NaOH solution as a mineralizer (autoclave, 300 °C, 600—800 bar).
ChemInform Abstract: [Ru2Bi14Br4](AlCl4)4 by Mobilization and Reorganization of Complex Clusters in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Groh Matthias F. , Isaeva Anna , Ruck Michael
Published: December 2012

Two polymorphs of the new title compound are synthesized from Bi24Ru3Br20 in the ionic liquid [bmim]Cl/AlCl3 (140 °C, 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketimines Using Well‐Defined Iron(II)‐Based Precatalysts Containing a PNNP Ligand.
Authors: Mikhailine Alexandre A. , Maishan Mazharul I. , Morris Robert H.
Published: December 2012

N‐Phosphinoylketimines are reduced by iPrOH to the corresponding amines with 95—99% enantioselectivity at low catalyst loading of iron(II)‐complex FER.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Substituted β‐Lactones.
Authors: Cohen Daniel T. , Eichman Chad C. , Phillips Eric M. , Zarefsky Emily R. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: December 2012

In the presence of chiral triazolium catalyst IOX, β‐keto ester enals such as (I) and (IX) undergo the title reaction to give highly enantioenriched β‐lactones or cyclopentenes, correspondingly, depending on the aryl moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: General Entry to Asymmetric One‐Pot [N + 2 + n] Cyclization for the Synthesis of Three‐ to Seven‐Membered Azacycloalkanes.
Authors: Harada Shingo , Sakai Takeo , Takasu Kiyosei , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Yamamoto Yasutomo , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: December 2012

Addition of the amines (II) to vinylic esters followed by reaction with dihaloalkanes or ethylene sulfate and desilylation allows a diastereoselective and highly enantioselective method to prepare three‐ to seven‐membered azacycloalkanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaromatization Protocol for Synthesis of Polysubstituted Phenol Derivatives: Method Development and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Spencer William T. III , Frontier Alison J.
Published: December 2012

Treatment of dienynyl ethers like (I), (III), (V), (VII), (IX), and (XI) with Triton B results in facile and efficient formation of polysubstituted phenol derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Conversion of CF3‐Containing Propargylic Alcohol Derivatives via the Corresponding Allenes.
Authors: Yamazaki Takashi , Watanabe Yohsuke , Yoshida Nao , Kawasaki‐Takasuka Tomoko
Published: December 2012

Novel synthetic transformations of the title compounds are successfully carried out by using commercially available and low cost common bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Oxidation of Aldehydes to Acids by TBHP Using Environmentally‐Friendly MnO4‐1‐Exchanged Mg‐Al Hydrotalcite Catalyst.
Authors: Choudhary Vasant R. , Dumbre Deepa K. , Narkhede Vijay S.
Published: December 2012

A MnO4‐‐exchanged Mg‐Al hydrotalcite catalyst shows high activity in the oxidation of different aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to their corresponding acids.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Preparation Method of Ni—Sn Alloy Catalysts Supported on Aluminum Hydroxide: Application to Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Rodiansono Rodiansono , Hara Takayoshi , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Shimazu Shogo
Published: December 2012

A novel method is applied to the preparation of Ni‐Sn alloy catalysts which are utilized for chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Mediated N‐Arylation with Arylboronic Acids: An Avenue to Chan—Lam Coupling.
Authors: Raghuvanshi Dushyant Singh , Gupta Amit Kumar , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: December 2012

NiCl2·6H2O efficiently promotes the condensation of a number of amines and amides with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of β‐Alkyl N‐Aryl Aza Baylis—Hillman Adducts via Nitroso‐Ene Reaction.
Authors: Murru Siva , Gallo August A. , Srivastava Radhey S.
Published: December 2012

A simple, new, and efficient method to prepare title compounds such as (III) and (V) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver/ThioClickFerrophos‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition and Cycloaddition of Glycine Imino Ester with Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Imae Kazumi , Konno Takashi , Ogata Kenichi , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi
Published: December 2012

Treatment of the methyl imino ester (I) with nitrostyrenes in the presence of AgOAc, NEt3, and the chiral ferrocene (FER) results in selective formation of anti‐adducts of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Ethylene Glycol: A Powerful Catalyst‐Free Medium for C—C Bond‐Forming Reactions.
Authors: Liu Yun‐Lin , Zeng Xing‐Ping , Zhou Jian
Published: December 2012

The use of ethylene glycol as a neutral catalyst‐free medium allows the effective activation of both electrophilic and nucleophilic reaction partners through hydrogen bonding and Lewis base interactions, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild, Efficient, and Selective Deprotection of tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) Ethers Using Dicationic Ionic Liquid as a Catalyst.
Authors: Jadhav Arvind H. , Kim Hern
Published: December 2012

The method is selective for desilylation even in the presence of other sensitive protection groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Solid‐Supported Palladium(0) Nano/Microparticles Promoted C—O, C—S, and C—N Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Bandna Bandna , Guha Nitul Ranjan , Shil Arun K. , Sharma Dharminder , Das Pralay
Published: December 2012

Various nitro‐substituted aryl halides, mainly the chloro derivatives, and 1‐bromonaphthalene (XI) can be successfully subjected to the nucleophilic substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of (E)‐3‐[2‐(Arylmethylene)‐1‐(arylsulfonyl)hydrazino]‐2‐propenoates via the Reaction of Arylsulfonyl Hydrazones and Alkyl Propiolates in the Presence of Triphenylphosphine.
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Abolghasem
Published: December 2012

The highly functionalized title compounds are formed as exclusive (E)‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Carbene‐Catalyzed Redox‐Esterification Reaction of α‐Halo‐α,β‐unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Bo , Zhou Xiao‐Lei , Du Guang‐Fen , Liu Zhi‐Yong , Dai Bin
Published: December 2012

The NHC‐catalyzed redox‐esterification of α‐halo‐α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes provides unsaturated esters with high yields and excellent trans selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Mild Displacement of Nitrite Ions in Electron‐Deficient Nitroarenes by Alkyl or Aryl Thiols in the Presence of Magnesium Methoxide as a Solid Base Catalyst.
Authors: Naeimi Hossein , Moradian Mohsen
Published: December 2012

The process is highly efficient in the case of substrates (I) and only one ‐NO2 group is substituted in (If).
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of Diarylboronic Acids and Anhydrides with Arylhalides Catalyzed by a Phosphite/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Co‐Supported Palladium Catalyst System.
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Ke Haihua , Chen Yao , Guan Changwei , Zou Gang
Published: December 2012

It provides a highly efficient approach to a wide range of unsymmetrical biaryls including Sartan biphenyl (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Epoxides with ortho‐Lithioanisoles Catalyzed by BF3·OEt2.
Authors: Ertuerk Erkan , Tezeren Mustafa A. , Atalar Taner , Tilki Tahir
Published: December 2012

A one‐pot protocol for the preparation of o‐2‐hydroxyanisoles in high yields and regioselectivities is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Additions of α‐Nitrocyclohexanone to Aryl Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by Natural Amino Acid‐Derived Bifunctional Thioureas.
Authors: Joerres Manuel , Schiffers Ingo , Atodiresei Iuliana , Bolm Carsten
Published: December 2012

A series of new thiourea catalysts of type THU (19 examples) is prepared from natural amino acids and applied in the reaction with nitroalkene (IId).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling Between Two Azoles.
Authors: Qin Xurong , Feng Boya , Dong Jiaxing , Li Xiaoyu , Xue Ying , Lan Jingbo , You Jingsong
Published: December 2012

Cu(O‐Ac)2 in combination with Ag2CO3/Py efficiently promotes the cross‐coupling between two different azoles to produce a number of unsymmetrical biazoles in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling of Indoles with Ethyl 2‐(Disubstituted Amino)acetates: An Approach to Achieve Indolylglycine Derivatives.
Authors: Xu Zhanwei , Yu Xiaoqiang , Feng Xiujuan , Bao Ming
Published: December 2012

It provides a new and efficient method to prepare indolylglycine derivatives and related compounds such as (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Amination and N‐Arylation‐Based Domino Reactions Providing Rapid Three‐Component Strategies to Fused Pyrroles with Different Substituted Patterns.
Authors: Jiang Bo , Li Ying , Tu Man‐Su , Wang Shu‐Liang , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Li Guigen
Published: December 2012

AcOH‐mediated treatment of the enaminones (I) and (V) with arylglyoxal monohydrate and aromatic amines allows a new and efficient access to 7‐aminated dihydroindolones of type (IV) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Sulfenylation of 3‐Aryloxindoles.
Authors: Han Zhiqiang , Chen Wenchao , Dong Sheng , Yang Caiyun , Liu Hongjun , Pan Yuanhuang , Yan Lin , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: December 2012

Both enantiomers of 3‐benzylthio‐ or 3‐alkylthiolindoles are prepared with equally high enantioselectivities using the pseudoenantiomeric pair of cinchona alkaloids (DHQD)2‐PHAL and (DHQ)2‐PHAL as catalysts and N‐(sulfanyl)succinimides as sulfenylating agents.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 1,3‐Thiazole‐4‐sulfonyl Chlorides.
Authors: Demydchuk Bogdan A. , Kondratyuk Kostyantyn M. , Korniyenko Andrey N. , Brovarets Vladimir S. , Vasylyshyn Roman Y. , Tolmachev Andrey , Lukin Oleg
Published: December 2012

A simple and straightforward preparation of hitherto unavailable thiazole‐4‐sulfonyl chlorides (VIII) (8 examples), promising building blocks for medicinal chemistry, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Allenes with Indole‐2‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis of Indolo[2,3‐c]pyrane‐1‐ones via Ar—I Reactivity or C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Suresh R. Rama , Swamy K. C. Kumara
Published: December 2012

It provides new routes to indolo[2,3‐c]pyranones.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward the Synthesis of γ‐Pyrone‐Containing Natural Products: Diastereoselective Aldol‐Type Reaction of a γ‐Pyrone.
Authors: Takemura Takuma , Hayakawa Ichiro , Fukasawa Emi , Sengoku Tetsuya , Kigoshi Hideo
Published: December 2012

The diastereoselective aldol‐type reaction and the Mukaiyama aldol‐type reaction of γ‐pyrones are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Aldehydes to Oxocarbenium Ions: A Dual Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Chromenes.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Volla Chandra M. R. , Atodiresei Iuliana
Published: December 2012

A combined metal‐ and organocatalyzed reaction of chromene acetals with aldehydes is presented affording 2‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)chromenes with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Amino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine Derivatives by Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of Tertiary Enamides to in situ Generated Imines.
Authors: Tong Shuo , Yang Xu , Wang De‐Xian , Zhao Liang , Zhu Jieping , Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: December 2012

A new, general, and mild method for the synthesis of substituted aminotetrahydropyridines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Organocatalytic Povarov Reaction with 2‐Hydroxystyrenes.
Authors: Shi Feng , Xing Gui‐Juan , Tao Zhong‐Lin , Luo Shi‐Wei , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: December 2012

Treatment of 2‐hydroxystyrenes with anilines and aldehydes in the presence of the chiral phosphoric acid (POS) allows an efficient and highly stereoselective access to cis‐substituted tetrahydroquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Nitrogen‐Fused Tetrahydroquinolines via a Domino Reaction.
Authors: Gigant Nicolas , Gillaizeau Isabelle
Published: December 2012

A range of cyclic or acyclic enamides react with benzyl azides under acidic conditions to give tri‐, tetra‐, and pentacyclic fused tetrahydroquinoline derivatives bearing the two newly generated tertiary carbon centers with cis relationship.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Practical Synthesis of 6‐Chloro‐2‐(chloromethyl)‐thiazolo[5,4‐b]pyridine.
Authors: Ding Zi‐Chun , Ma Xiang , Zhou Weicheng
Published: December 2012

A high‐yielding and practical synthesis of the title thiazolopyridine (VII), an advanced intermediate for the synthesis of the antibacterial agent PC190723, is given.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Oxo‐γ‐Butyrolactam, N‐Containing Pronucleophile in Organocatalytic One‐Pot Assembly of Butyrolactam‐Fused Indoloquinolizidines.
Authors: Zhu Hai‐Liang , Ling Jun‐Bing , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: December 2012

A convenient and stereoselective method to prepare title indoloquinolizidines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted 5‐Aminopyrimidine‐2(1H)‐thiones from Vinyl Azides and Thiourea.
Authors: Shao Zhanying , Pan Qinhai , Chen Jun , Yu Yongping , Zhang Guolin
Published: December 2012

The title reaction proceeds under mild conditions and needs no additional additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Benzylic C—H Amidation with Benzyl Alcohols in Water: A Strategy to Construct Quinazolinones.
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Ino Yukari , Suzuki Hideharu , Yokoyama Yuusaku
Published: December 2012

Pd‐catalyzed treatment of o‐aminobenzamides with benzyl alcohols provides a new method to prepare various quinazolinones.