bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicians' perspectives on gestational diabetes screening during the global COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia
Authors: Meloncelli Nina , Shipton Emma , Doust Jenny , D'Emden Michael , McIntyre Harold David , Callaway Leonie , de Jersey Susan
Published: August 2022

Aim

There is no international consensus for the screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In March 2020, modified screening and diagnostic recommendations were rapidly implemented in Queensland, Australia, in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. How clinicians perceived and used these changes can provide insights to support high‐quality clinical practice and provide lessons for future policy changes. The aim of this study was to understand clinicians' perceptions and use of COVID‐19 changes to GDM screening and diagnostic recommendations.

Methods

Queensland healthcare professionals responsible for diagnosing or caring for women with GDM were recruited for semi‐structured telephone interviews. Data analysis of transcribed interviews used inductive reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Seventeen interviews were conducted with the following participants: six midwives/nurses, three endocrinologists, two general practitioners, two general practitioners/obstetricians, two diabetes educators, one dietitian and one obstetrician. Three themes emerged: communication and implementation, perceptions and value of evidence and diversity in perceptions of GDM screening. Overall, clinicians welcomed the rapid changes during the initial uncertainty of the pandemic, but as COVID‐19 became less of a threat to the Queensland healthcare system, some questioned the underlying evidence base. In areas where GDM was more prevalent, clinicians more frequently worried about missed diagnoses, whereas others who felt that overdiagnosis had occurred in the past continued to support the changes.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the challenges to changing policy when clinicians have diverse (and often strongly held) views.
Factors reducing psychological satisfaction after the Nuss procedure in pediatric patients
Authors: Matsuura Rei , Tazuke Yuko , Ueno Takehisa , Watanabe Miho , Nomura Motonari , Masahata Kazunori , Kamiyama Masafumi , Zenitani Masahiro , Usui Noriaki , Okuyama Hiroomi
Published: August 2022

Purpose

We examined patient satisfaction with postoperative chest appearance after Nuss procedure and analyzed the factors for postoperative low satisfaction.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data of 133 patients who underwent the Nuss procedure from 2000 to 2016. Their medical records, X‐rays, and computed tomography scans were evaluated. Haller index and concave rate were used as objective indices of the deformity. The questionnaires were used to evaluate satisfaction with the chest appearance by a linear scale including five markers (1: dissatisfaction, 5: satisfaction). The patients were divided into two groups: the low satisfaction (score = 1, 2) and the high satisfaction (score = 3–5).

Results

The median age during the Nuss procedure was 7.6 (interquartile range, 5.8–12.8) years. Out of 133, 65 patients replied, and the mean postoperative satisfaction score was 3.8 ± 0.2. Out of the 65 respondents, 16 patients (24.6%) were classified as low satisfaction group. Haller index and concave rate were significantly higher and the previous instances of chest operation history were more frequent in the low satisfaction group than in the high satisfaction group, although there was no significant intergroup difference in terms of the postoperative concave rate.

Conclusions

Severe deformity and previous chest operation history were considered to be factors for low satisfaction.
Clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features in dogs with presumptive large granular lymphocyte leukaemia
Authors: Jaensch SM , Hayward DA , Boyd SP
Published: August 2022

Large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (LGLL) has been described in a range of species but has been most commonly reported in humans and dogs. In both species, this neoplasia exhibits diversity in both phenotype and biological behaviour with phenotype only partially predicting behaviour. There is currently little knowledge of concurrent haematological and serum biochemistry features or concurrent occurrence of distinct neoplasia in canine LGLL cases. This study presents a canine case series and defines haematological parameters, novel serum biochemistry findings and phenotype of the large granular lymphocytes in an Australian case series. Neutrophilia was the most common haematological abnormality, identified in 43% of dogs, and 84% of dogs with biochemistry data available had elevated serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase. Five of the 40 dogs in this study exhibited concurrent neoplasia during the period of the study, demonstrating this is a relatively common clinical outcome in canine LGLL cases. In agreement with previous canine and human studies, the most common LGLL phenotype in dogs is CD3+, CD4− and CD8+. Further work is needed to define the variables predictive of the biological behaviour of LGLL in dogs.
The effect of corporate donation motive attribution on investors' judgments of future earnings prospects: The moderating role of individual moral orientation
Authors: Chen Ye , Yang Naiding
Published: August 2022

We experimentally investigate whether donation motive attribution influences individual investors' judgments of the donating firm's future earnings prospects and whether individual moral orientation, that is, perceived importance of social goodwill (PISG), moderates this effect. We find that investors forecast higher future earnings per share (EPS) when the donation motive is believed to be altruistic or win–win rather than egoistic; the EPS forecasts for altruistic and win–win motives are not different. However, this motive attribution effect holds only for higher‐PISG investors. A further examination finds that when the donation motive is believed to be egoistic and/or when investors have lower PISG, doing good is no better than doing nothing, but no backfire effect occurs. Our findings indicate that the positive effect of corporate donation on investors' judgments is generated only when higher‐PISG investors believe that the donation motive is not purely egoistic; corporate donation will not generate negative effects on investors' judgments even under less favorable conditions.
Experience and maturation: The contribution of co‐occurrence regularities in language to the development of semantic organization
Authors: Savic Olivera , Unger Layla , Sloutsky Vladimir M.
Published: August 2022

With development knowledge becomes organized according to semantic links, including early‐developing associative (e.g., juicy–apple) and gradually developing taxonomic links (e.g., apple–pear). Word co‐occurrence regularities may foster these links: Associative links may form from direct co‐occurrence (e.g., juicy–apple), and taxonomic links from shared co‐occurrence (e.g., apple and pear co‐occur with juicy). Four experiments (2017–2020) investigated this possibility with 4‐ to 8‐year‐olds (N = 148, 82 female) and adults (N = 116, 35 female) in a U.S. city with 58.6% White; 29.0% Black, and 5.8% Asian demographics. Results revealed earlier development of the abilities to form direct (ds > 0.536) than the abilities to form shared co‐occurrence‐based links (ds > 1.291). We argue that the asynchronous development of abilities to form co‐occurrence‐based links may explain developmental changes in semantic organization.
Improving recognition among undergraduate and postgraduate trainees of dermatological conditions in skin of colour: a cross-sectional quality improvement project
Authors: Peterknecht Elizabeth , Reid Eliza , Cheung Karmen , Rajasekaran Amirtha
Published: August 2022

It is well-recognized that skin of colour (SOC) is under-represented in undergraduate and postgraduate curricula in the UK. The primary objective of this Quality Improvement Project (QIP) was to improve the confidence of medical students and junior doctors in recognizing dermatological conditions in SOC. We developed two educational interventions to introduce participants to the clinical presentation of dermatological conditions in SOC. A five-point Likert scale measured participants' confidence, and an eight-question assessment quantified differences in knowledge. Results showed that 39% of students and 67% of junior doctors had not received SOC teaching during their undergraduate training. Following the lecture, mean Likert scores for confidence in recognizing conditions in SOC increased in the medical student and junior doctor cohorts by 2.5 and 1.82, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). The mean assessment scores increased by 3.68 and 3.87, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). These results confirm the under-representation of SOC in medical education and highlight the need to diversify the Dermatology undergraduate and postgraduate curricula.
Thromboembolism and bleeding in patients with autoimmune blistering disease
Authors: Sho Yuriko , Sakai Takashi , Matsuda-Hirose Haruna , Yamate Tomoko , Hatano Yutaka
Published: August 2022

The prevention and early detection of venous thromboembolism (VTE), including pulmonary embolism (PE), is essential in daily medical practice. We previously reported the risk of VTE in patients with autoimmune blistering disease (AIBD). We have also experienced multiple cases of pemphigus or pemphigoid that developed severe complications related to abnormal blood coagulation other than VTE. This study summarizes and discusses those cases. Nine patients with AIBD developed thromboembolism and/or bleeding; these included (some patients overlapped) six patients with VTE, including five patients with PE; three patients with severe bleeding; one patient with sudden critical limb ischaemia resulting in thigh amputation; and one patient with cerebral infarction. Although five patients developed PE, only one had apparent respiratory symptoms with PE, and a second developed severe bleeding during the treatment for PE. Clinicians should be aware of the systemic complications related to abnormal blood coagulation when treating patients with AIBD.
Proton pump inhibitors display anti‐tumour potential in glioma
Authors: Li Bihan , Liu Ying , Sun Shilong
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Glioma is one of the most aggressive brain tumours with poor overall survival despite advanced technology in surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation. Progression and recurrence are the hinge causes of low survival. Our aim is to explain the concrete mechanism in the proliferation and progression of tumours based on tumour microenvironment (TME). The main purpose is to illustrate the mechanism of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in affecting acidity, hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and autophagy based on the TME to induce apoptosis and enhance the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy.

Findings

TME is the main medium for tumour growth and progression. Acidity, hypoxia, inflammatory response, autophagy, angiogenesis and so on are the main causes of tumour progress. PPIs, as a common clinical drug to inhibit gastric acid secretion, have the advantages of fast onset, long action time and small adverse reactions. Nowadays, several kinds of literature highlight the potential of PPIs in inhibiting tumour progression. However, long‐term use of PPIs alone also has obvious side effects. Therefore, till now, how to apply PPIs to promote the effect of radio‐chemotherapy and find the concrete dose and concentration of combined use are novel challenges.

Conclusions

PPIs display the potential in enhancing the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy to defend against glioma based on TME. In the clinic, it is also necessary to explore specific concentrations and dosages in synthetic applications.
Patterns and drivers of the global diversity of non‐native macrofungi
Authors: Monteiro Miguel , Reino Luís , Ferreira Maria Teresa , Essl Franz , Schertler Anna , Capinha César
Published: August 2022

Aim

To uncover the biogeography of non‐native macrofungal diversity worldwide, by analysing patterns and drivers of (1) regional variation in species richness, (2) compositional similarity between regional species assemblages and (3) the spatiotemporal trends of first records.

Location

Global.

Methods

We used a database providing 1608 distribution records of 554 non‐native macrofungal species in 167 national and sub‐national regions worldwide. Regression models accounting for regional levels of recording capacity were used to relate spatial variation of non‐native macrofungal richness and of regional compositional similarities to variables representing geographical, socio‐economic and biophysical characteristics of regions. Temporal trends of first records were assessed at the global and continental scales and for distinct ecofunctional groups.

Results

Regions reporting higher diversity of non‐native species occur mainly in Europe, the Americas and Oceania. Regression models showed that regions with greater gross domestic product per capita, areal extent and in the Southern Hemisphere have higher non‐native species richness, while regions with similar mean temperatures and latitudinal position share higher compositional similarities. Numbers of first records of non‐native macrofungi have grown quasi‐exponentially between 1753 and 2018, reflecting not only improved recording capacities but also likely an increasing number of introductions.

Main Conclusions

We find that many regions of the world already harbour a high diversity of non‐native macrofungi, with economic, climatic and introduction pathway‐related factors explaining a relevant portion of the geographical patterns formed by these taxa. Given that socio‐economic activity has increased strongly in recent decades, the global anthropogenic redistribution of macrofungi is likely to intensify further in the near future.
Colorectal cold snare polypectomy: Current standard technique and future perspectives
Authors: Ishibashi Fumiaki , Suzuki Sho , Nagai Mizuki , Mochida Kentaro , Morishita Tetsuo
Published: August 2022

It has been shown that resection of adenomatous colorectal polyps can reduce mortality due to colorectal cancer. In daily clinical practice, simpler and safer methods of colorectal polypectomy have been sought to enable endoscopists to resect all detected lesions. Among these, cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is widely used in clinical practice because of its advantages in shortening procedure time, reducing delayed bleeding risk, and lowering treatment costs, while maintaining a similar complete resection rate for lesions smaller than 10 mm when compared to conventional hot snare polypectomy. This review introduces the findings of previous studies that investigated the efficacy and safety of the CSP procedure for nonpedunculated polyps smaller than 10 mm, and describes technical points to remember when practicing CSP based on the latest evidence, including using a thin wire snare specifically designed for CSP, and observing the surrounding mucosa of the resection site with chromoendoscopy or image‐enhanced endoscopy to ensure that there is no residual lesion. This review also describes the potential of expanding the indication of CSP as a treatment for lesions larger than 10 mm, those with pedunculated morphology, those located near the appendiceal orifice, and for patients under continuous antithrombotic agent therapy. Finally, the perspective on optimal treatments for recurrent lesions after CSP is also discussed, despite the limited related evidence and data.
Did it pay to be a pioneer? Wealth accumulation in a newly settled frontier society
Authors: Cilliers Jeanne , Green Erik , Ross Robert
Published: August 2022

European settler colonies are often thought to have been characterised by a continued expansion of the landed frontier, which impacted the distribution of wealth across their settler populations. Hampered by a lack of data, few studies have been able to study this in depth. How does settlement timing affect wealth and wealth accumulation when frontier expansion is not a smooth, continuous process? Was it the case that pioneers reaped greater economic benefits from locating their farms on superior land, or would they be disadvantaged compared with later arrivals owing to limited infrastructure or greater risk of conflict with indigenous populations? In this paper, we use a unique dataset that allows us to analyse the link between time of arrival and wealth accumulation in a colonial agrarian frontier society: the Graaff‐Reinet district in South Africa's Cape Colony between 1786 and 1850. We find that those who arrived early located their farms in the more climatologically suitable areas of the district and utilised their superior lands to accumulate wealth more quickly than latecomers. However, owing to institutional changes that favoured later British arrivals, we also show that the existence of an early‐arrival premium did not mean persistence in land ownership.
Core phylotypes enhance the resistance of soil microbiome to environmental changes to maintain multifunctionality in agricultural ecosystems
Authors: Jiao Shuo , Qi Jiejun , Jin Chujie , Liu Yu , Wang Yang , Pan Haibo , Chen Shi , Liang Chunling , Peng Ziheng , Chen Beibei , Qian Xun , Wei Gehong
Published: August 2022

Agricultural ecosystems are facing increasing environmental changes. Revealing ecological stability of belowground organisms is key to developing management strategies that maintain agricultural ecosystem services in a changing world. Here, we collected soils from adjacent pairs of maize and rice fields along large spatial scale across Eastern and Southeast China to investigate the importance of core microbiota as a predictor of resistance of soil microbiome (e.g. bacteria, fungi and protist) to climate changes and nutrient fertilization, and their effect on multiple ecosystem functions, representing key services for crop growth and health in agro‐ecosystems. Soil microbiome in maize soils exhibited stronger resistance than that in rice soils, by considering multiple aspects of the resistance index, for example, community, phylogenetic conservation and network complexity. Community resistance of soil microbiome showed a geographic pattern, with higher resistance at lower latitudes, suggesting their stronger resistance in warmer regions. Particularly, we highlighted the role of core phylotypes in enhancing the community resistance of soil microbiome, which was essential for the maintenance of multifunctionality in agricultural ecosystems. Our results represent a significant advance in linking core phylotypes to community resistance and ecosystem functions, and therefore forecasting agro‐ecosystems dynamics in response to ongoing environmental changes. These suggest that core phylotypes should be considered a key factor in enhancing agricultural sustainability and crop productivity under global change scenarios.
The changing faces of the modern state
Authors: Lindvall Johannes , Rogers Katren
Published: August 2022

This paper describes the changing nature of the English and Swedish states between 1800 and 2020 from the perspective of ordinary citizens. We identify 13 typical life situations and then describe the types of citizens who interacted with the state, the number and types of public officials with whom they interacted, and where those interactions took place. We distinguish among three typical social groups: the poor, the middle, and the rich. We find, among other things, that the poor became objects of government policy much earlier than other groups, but they also remained in a world of parochial poor relief even as the middle and the rich began to interact with a more functionally differentiated, professional bureaucracy. These findings have important implications for scholarly debates on when the state began to interact directly with the civilian masses and the unevenness of state activities and capacities within countries.
The TIGD5 gene located in 8q24 and frequently amplified in ovarian cancers is a tumor suppressor
Authors: Dai Yuntao , Kawaguchi Tetsuya , Nishio Miki , Otani Junji , Tashiro Hironori , Terai Yoshito , Sasaki Ryohei , Maehama Tomohiko , Suzuki Akira
Published: August 2022

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth most common cancer of female cancer death and leading cause of lethal gynecological cancers. High‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is an aggressive malignancy that is rapidly fatal. Many cases of OC show amplification of the 8q24 chromosomal region, which contains the well‐known oncogene MYC. Although MYC amplification is more frequently observed in OCs than in other tumor types, due to the large size of the 8q24 amplicon, the functions of the vast majority of the genes it contains are still unknown. The TIGD5 gene is located at 8q24.3 and encodes a nuclear protein with a DNA‐binding motif, but its precise role is obscure. We show here that TIGD5 often co‐amplifies with MYC in OCs, and that OC patients with high TIGD5 mRNA expression have a poor prognosis. However, we also found that TIGD5 overexpression in ovarian cancer cell lines unexpectedly suppressed their growth, adhesion, and invasion in vitro, and also reduced tumor growth in xenografted nude mice in vivo. Thus, our work suggests that TIGD5 may in fact operate as a tumor suppressor in OCs rather than as an oncogene.
Circulating extracellular vesicle‐encapsulated microRNA‐557 induces a proinflammatory immune response and serves as a diagnostic or relapse marker in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Abe Kazumichi , Suzuki Rei , Fujita Masashi , Hayashi Manabu , Takahashi Atsushi , Ohira Hiromasa
Published: August 2022

Aim

This study investigated serum microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and the relationship of these molecules with diagnostic and relapse markers.

Methods

Initially, extracellular vesicle‐encapsulated miRNAs (EV‐miRNAs) in serum with altered expression in AIH relative to healthy control (HC) samples were identified using microarray analysis. To validate the microarray results, the expression levels of selected EV‐miRNAs were determined.

Results

Among the 2569 mature miRNAs evaluated in the microarray, EV‐miR‐557 discriminated patients with AIH from healthy controls (HCs). Validation by digital polymerase chain reaction indicated that serum EV‐miR‐557 levels were higher in patients with AIH (7.75 copies/μl) than in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (1.60 copies/μl; p < 0.001), patients with primary biliary cholangitis (2.16 copies/μl; p < 0.005), and HCs (1.86 copies/μl; p < 0.005). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for the probability of AIH using serum EV‐miR‐557 between the AIH and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, AIH and primary biliary cholangitis, and AIH and HC groups were 0.81, 0.78, and 0.79, respectively. In addition, serum EV‐miR‐557 levels >7.69 copies/μl were associated with a significantly higher risk of relapse in patients with AIH (7‐year incidence rate: 11.1 vs. 35.4%, log‐rank test, p < 0.05). Interestingly, gene expression analysis revealed that increased miR‐557 expression following transient transfection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a miR‐557 mimic resulted in enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokine‐related genes such as interleukin‐6, interferon‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor. Moreover, miR‐557 induced significant tumor necrosis factor‐α production (mean: 313.5 vs. 10 642.3 pg/ml, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

EV‐miR‐557 may play an important role as a potential biomarker of AIH and may be a promising therapeutic target for AIH.
Lactoferrin‐derived chimeric peptide (LFch) strongly boosts TGFβ1‐mediated inducible Treg differentiation possibly through downregulating TCR/CD28 signalling
Authors: Jang Young‐Saeng , Yang Seok‐Won , Kim Tae‐Gyu , Song Ha‐Eon , Park Sunhee , Lee Eun Hye , Kang Seung‐Goo , Yoon Sung‐il , Ko Hyun‐Jeong , Lee Geun‐Shik , Park Seok‐Rae , Seo Su Ryeon , Kim Pyeung‐Hyeun
Published: August 2022

We recently reported that lactoferrin (LF) induces Foxp3+ Treg differentiation through binding to TGFβ receptor III (TβRIII), and this activity was further enhanced by TGFβ1. Generally, a low T‐cell receptor (TCR) signal strength is favourable for Foxp3+ Treg differentiation. In the present study, we explored the effect of lactoferrin chimera (LFch, containing lactoferricin [aa 17–30] and lactoferrampin [aa 265–284]), along with TGFβ1 on Foxp3+ Treg differentiation. LFch alone did not induce Foxp3 expression, yet LFch dramatically enhanced TGFβ1‐induced Foxp3 expression. LFch had little effect on the phosphorylation of Smad3, a canonical transcriptional factor of TGFβ1. Instead, LFch attenuated the phosphorylation of S6 (a target of mTOR), IκB and PI3K. These activities of LFch were completely abrogated by pretreatment of LFch with soluble TGFβ1 receptor III (sTβRIII). Consistent with this, the activity of LFch on TGFβ1‐induced Foxp3 expression was also abrogated by treatment with sTβRIII. Finally, the TGFβ1/LFch‐induced T cell population substantially suppressed the proliferation of responder CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that LFch robustly enhances TGFβ1‐induced Foxp3+ Treg differentiation by diminishing TCR/CD28 signal intensity.
Relation between anxiety disorders in adolescent mothers and dental fear in children
Authors: Costa Vanessa Polina Pereira , Goettems Marília Leão , Quevedo Luciana , Armfield Jason , Pinheiro Ricardo Tavares , Demarco Flávio Fernando
Published: August 2022

Background

Maternal anxiety disorders can cause adverse consequences in child's health, cognitive development, and behavior.

Aim

To investigate the association of maternal anxiety disorders with the occurrence of dental fear in children aged 24–36 months.

Design

This cross‐sectional study is part of a cohort of adolescent mothers and their children (n = 527) in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Anxiety disorders in mothers were assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (DSM‐IV), whereas the Dental Anxiety Question was used to assess children's dental fear. Clinical oral examinations were performed on the cohort. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association of maternal anxiety disorders with maternal perception of dental fear in children (p < .05).

Results

The prevalence of dental fear in children was 21.7% (n = 114), and maternal age, agoraphobia, social phobia, and maternal caries experience (p < .05) were associated with the presence of dental fear. After adjusted analysis, children of mothers presenting with agoraphobia (Prevalence ratios [PR] = 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–2.32) and social phobia (PR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.06–2.71) had higher prevalence of dental fear than children whose mothers did not have any of these conditions.

Conclusions

In this population of young mothers, agoraphobia and social phobia were associated with children's dental fear. Detection of and treatment for maternal mental disorders may aid in the prevention of dental fear and its oral health‐related consequences.
Pronounced antibody elevation after SARS‐CoV‐2 BNT162b2 mRNA booster vaccination in nursing home residents
Authors: Chong Yong , Goto Takeyuki , Tani Naoki , Yonekawa Akiko , Ikematsu Hideyuki , Shimono Nobuyuki , Tanaka Yosuke , Akashi Koichi
Published: August 2022

Background

Infection control during COVID‐19 outbreaks in nursing facilities is a critical public health issue. Antibody responses before and after the third (booster) dose of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in nursing home residents have not been fully characterized.

Methods

This study included 117 individuals: 54 nursing home residents (mean age, 83.8 years; 39 SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive and 15 previously infected) and 63 healthcare workers (mean age, 45.8 years; 32 SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive and 31 previously infected). Anti‐spike (receptor‐binding domain [RBD]) and anti‐nucleocapsid antibody responses to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination and their related factors were evaluated using pre‐ (shortly and 6 months after the second dose) and post‐booster vaccination samples.

Results

The median anti‐spike (RBD) IgG level in SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive residents 6 months after the second dose was the lowest among the four groups, with a decreasing rate of over 90%. The median rate of increase before and after the third dose in SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive residents was significantly higher than that in SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive healthcare workers (64.1‐ vs. 37.0‐fold, P = 0.003), with the highest level among the groups. The IgG ratio of SARS‐CoV‐2‐naive residents to healthcare workers after the second and third doses changed from one‐fifth (20%) to one‐half (50%). The rate of increase after the third dose in previously infected individuals was three‐ to fourfold, regardless of residents or healthcare workers.

Conclusions

Advanced aged nursing home residents, poor responders in the initial SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine series, could obtain sufficient antibody responses with the additional booster dose, despite more than 6 months after the second.
Solid‐state NMR investigation of fast sodium ion‐conducting glass–ceramics: The system Na3+3x−yRE1−xPySi3−yO9 (RE = Sc, Y)
Authors: d'Anciães Almeida Silva Igor , Rodrigues Ana Candida M. , Eckert Hellmut
Published: August 2022

Glasses and glass–ceramics of composition Na3+3x−yRE1−xPySi3−yO9 were synthesized using RE = Sc and Y, x = 0.4, and y = 0.0 and 0.3 to obtain multiple‐phase glass–ceramics containing the highly conducting Na5RESi4O12 (N5) phase. In addition, the two model compounds Na5ScSi4O12 and Na5InSi4O12 were synthesized. Samples were characterized at two distinct annealing stages using X‐ray powder diffraction, electrical conductivity measurements, and multinuclear solid‐state magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The N5 phase is dominantly formed for Sc‐containing glass–ceramics (both with y = 0.0 and 0.3) at crystallization temperatures above 900°C. For the other glass–ceramics, the crystallized phases were dominantly Na3RESi2O7 (N3), RE = Sc and Y, and Na9YSi6O18 (N9) phases. 29Si MAS‐NMR peak assignments were done with the aid of 29Si{45Sc} rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance (REAPDOR) experiments. 29Si and 23Na MAS‐NMR spectra reveal complex phase compositions and local environment distributions, which could be largely assigned based on known semiempirical chemical shift correlations with average Si–O and Na–O bond distances. 31P MAS and 31P{45Sc} REAPDOR NMR results suggest the presence of orthophosphate groups, arguing against the literature model of isostructural substitution of silicon by phosphorus in the N5 phase.
Dynamics of the fermentation quality and microbiotsa in Ephedra sinica treated native grass silage
Authors: Du Shuai , You Sihan , Jiang Xiaowei , Li Yuyu , Jia Yushan
Published: August 2022

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ephedra sinica on physicochemical characteristics and bacterial community of ensiled native grass by multiple physicochemical analyses combined with high-throughput sequencing.

Methods and Results

Treatments were a control treatment with no additive (CON), E. sinica was added at 1% (CEa1), 3% (CEa2), and 5% of the fresh materials (CEa3). Compared to the CON group, the dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrate contents were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the CEa1 group. Compared to the CON group, the pH was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in E. sinica treated silages, and a higher lactic acid content was observed in E. sinica treated silages. At the genus level, the abundance of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Weissella were the predominant member in the CON, CEa1, CEa2, and CEa3 groups, respectively. The abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the CEa1 group and Pediococcus was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the CEa2 group. According to the 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional profiles, the inoculation of E. sinica accelerated the carbohydrate metabolism.

Conclusions

In summary, the addition of E. sinica could improve the silage quality of native grass by regulating the bacterial community, and the addition of a 1% percentage of fresh materials exhibited the potential possibility of responding to get high-quality native grass silages.

Significance and Impact of the Study

The utilization of herbal additives on fermentation quality combined with 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional analyses will contribute to the direction of future research in improving silage quality.
Does attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder increase the risk of minor blunt head trauma in children?
Authors: Pakyurek Murat , Badawy Mohamed , Ugalde Irma T. , Ishimine Paul , Chaudhari Pradip P. , McCarten‐Gibbs Kevan , Nobari Ozra , Kuppermann Nathan , Holmes James F.
Published: August 2022

Problem

It is unclear if attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of head trauma in children.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study of children with minor blunt head trauma. Guardians were queried, and medical records were reviewed as to whether the patient had previously been diagnosed with ADHD. Enrolled patients were categorized based on their mechanism of injury, with a comparison of those with motor vehicle collision (MVC) versus non‐MVC mechanisms.

Findings

A total of 3410 (84%) enrolled children had ADHD status available, and 274 (8.0%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 7.1, 9.0%) had been diagnosed with ADHD. The mean age was 9.2 ± 3.5 years and 64% were males. Rates of ADHD for specific mechanisms of injury were: assaults: 23/131 (17.6%; 95% CI 11.5, 25.2%), automobile versus pedestrian 23/173 (13.3%; 95% CI: 8.6, 19.3%), bicycle crashes 26/148 (17.6%; 95% CI: 11.8, 24.7%), falls 107/1651 (6.5%; 95% 5.3, 7.8%), object struck head 31/421 (7.4%; 5.1, 10.3%), motorized vehicle crashes (e.g., motorcycle, motor scooter) 11/148 (7.4%; 3.8, 12.9%), and MVCs 46/704 (6.5%; 95% CI: 4.8, 8.6%).

Conclusion

Children with ADHD appear to be at increased risk of head trauma from certain mechanisms of injury including assaults, auto versus pedestrian, and bicycle crashes but are not at an increased risk for falls.
Which factors affect internalized stigmatization in adolescents with mental disorders?
Authors: Dikeç Gül , Bilaç Öznur , Kardelen Cansın , Sapmaz Şermin Yalın , Kandemir Hasan
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the factors affecting internalized stigmatization of adolescents with mental disorders.

Method

The study data were collected in a university hospital between August 1, 2020 and July 30, 2021 (n = 123), using a Personal information form and the Internalized Stigmatization of Mental Illness‐Adolescent Form (ISMI‐AF).

Results

Gender and the number of hospitalizations were determined to be independent variables with explanatory power in the ISMI‐AF, and in the model created with these variables, it was determined that these variables explained 18% of the change in the total points of the ISMI‐AF.

Conclusions

It could be recommended that psychosocial programs are developed with the aim of decreasing internalized stigmatization and increasing the psychological resilience of adolescents.
Extraction and properties of glutinous rice bran protein obtained by the mild alkaline extraction for the bran combined with enzymatic treatment for the residues
Authors: Gao Kuan , He Shudong , Li Qiuyang , Chen Haoshuang , Sun Hanju , Miao Xinya
Published: August 2022

The mild alkali extraction combined with the enzymatic hydrolysis was explored to extract protein from glutinous rice bran in the study, and the function properties of the proteins were investigated. The mild alkali extraction of pH 5.0 and temperature 50°C was carried out firstly for the water‐soluble protein extraction from the bran at the solid–liquid ratio of 1:10 (w/v) for 3.0 h, and the complex enzyme of cellulase and papain (7:3, w/w) were subsequently added to hydrolyze the residue for a better protein yield. After a mild proteolysis treatment under the conditions of enzyme addition 5.0%, pH 6.0, temperature 55°C and time 4.5 h, the final 90.2 ± 0.22% protein yield was obtained. It was interesting that the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the IC50 0.71 mg/ml was significantly improved, meanwhile, based on the combined extraction strategy, the protein solubility, emulsifying, and foaming properties were significantly enhanced in a wide range of pH environments. These results demonstrated that the mild alkali extraction combined with the enzymatic hydrolysis could be used in the glutinous rice bran protein extraction with high yield and good functionality, and the extracted protein could be potentially applied in food industry as nutraceutical ingredient or as the functional ingredient in the commercialized food products.

Novelty impact statement

Although the glutinous rice bran has an abundance of protein content, the protein has not been well extracted yet to be utilized in the food industry. Therefore, the proper procedure needs to be explored for glutinous rice bran protein extraction. The mild alkali combined with the enzymatic hydrolysis was firstly applied in the study, and the protein yield of glutinous rice bran protein was notably improved, furthermore, the antioxidant and function properties of glutinous rice bran protein also have been significantly increased because of the mild extraction and proteolysis.
Rare Disasters, Financial Development, and Sovereign Debt
Authors: REBELO SERGIO , WANG NENG , YANG JINQIANG
Published: August 2022

We propose a model of sovereign debt in which countries vary in their level of financial development, defined as the extent to which they can issue debt denominated in domestic currency in international capital markets. We show that low levels of financial development generate the “debt intolerance” phenomenon that plagues emerging markets: it reduces overall debt capacity, increases credit spreads, and limits the country's ability to smooth consumption.
Influence of testing environment on consumer liking of doenjang stew
Authors: Hwang Jisun , Kim Mina K.
Published: August 2022

Central location test (CLT) is a more widely employed method for testing consumer acceptance in comparison to home usage test (HUT). In this study, the influence of the testing environment on the consumer liking of doenjang stew was determined. Consumer acceptance testing of doenjang stew was conducted four times, with one CLT and three HUTs. For HUTs, samples were served in different containers: 50 ml of premade doenjang stew in a plastic 95‐ml disposable cup, representing CLT conducted at home; 200 ml (one serving size) of premade doenjang stew in a 500‐ml plastic disposable bowl, representing restaurant “take out,” corresponded to the CLT condition performed at home; and doenjang stew meal kit including doenjang paste, vegetables, broth, and cooking recipe, representing meal‐kit consumption scenario. Differences in product liking were observed according to the testing environment (p < .05). In case of appearance‐related attributes (no tasting involved), consumers rated higher liking scores to doenjang stew evaluated under a meal‐kit HUT situation (p < .05). When tasting was involved, consumers rated higher scores to stew samples under the CLT condition (p < .05). The salinity of doenjang stew was the same under all of the product testing environments, while the salty taste liking was rated the highest under the CLT situation (p < .05). Results of this study suggested that the testing environment affects the consumer acceptance testing results.

Practical Applications

This study reported that differences in liking attributes under different testing environments, in that the highest overall liking score was rated under CLT condition, while HUT presented as “meal‐kit” received highest appearance‐related liking scores. Based on the results, this study suggests the consumer acceptance testing of doenjang stew using the CLT rather than the HUT considering the time and economics. This study provided an appropriate method to test the consumer liking of doenjang stew‐type food products, which can be utilized in future consumer‐related research.
Effect of calcifediol supplementation on renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system mediators in dogs with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Miller Matthew , Quimby Jessica , Langston Catherine , Ames Marisa , Parker Valerie J.
Published: August 2022

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to low serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites. Thus, hypovitaminosis D associated with CKD might contribute to disease progression via increased concentration of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) mediators.

Objectives

To evaluate whether supplementation with calcifediol affects equilibrium concentrations of selected mediators of the RAAS. We hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation will decrease concentration of circulating RAAS mediators in dogs with CKD.

Animals

Six client‐owned adult dogs with IRIS Stage 2 and 3 CKD.

Methods

Prospective study. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D), 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25[OH]2D), RAAS mediators (angiotensin I/II/III/IV/1‐5/1‐7, and aldosterone), and surrogate angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity (calculated by the ratio of angiotensin II to angiotensin I) were evaluated at baseline, after 3 months of calcifediol supplementation, and 2 months after discontinuing administration of supplement.

Results

All serum vitamin D metabolite concentrations increased significantly by month 3 (P < .001): 25(OH)D (median 250 ng/mL; range, 204‐310), compared to baseline (median 43.2 ng/mL; range, 33.8‐58.3 ng/mL); 1,25(OH)2D (median 66.1 pg/mL; range, 57.3‐88.1 pg/mL) compared to baseline (median 35.2 pg/mL; range, 29.3‐56.7 pg/mL); 24,25(OH)2D (median 68.4 ng/mL; range, 22.1‐142.0 ng/mL) compared to baseline (median 14.4 ng/mL; range, 9.0‐21.3 ng/mL). Calculated ACE activity was significantly lower at month 3 (median 0.5; range, 0.4‐1.0) compared to baseline (median 0.7; range, 0.6‐1.3; P = .01). There were no significant differences in any of the evaluated RAAS variables at any other time‐point.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Short‐term calcifediol supplementation in this small group of CKD dogs appeared to decrease ACE activity.
Relevance of DNA preservation for future botany and ecology
Authors: González‐Toral Claudia , Cires Eduardo
Published: August 2022

The use of molecular methods in plant systematics and taxonomy has increased during the last decades; however, the accessibility of curated genetic samples and their metadata is a bottleneck for DNA‐based genetic studies in botany. Plant biodiversity DNA banks and DNA‐friendly collections could be critical suppliers of curated genetic material for researchers in the current context of plant biodiversity loss. Here, we aimed to understand the potential of plant DNA banks and DNA‐friendly collections to enhance the growth and openness of scientific knowledge. The preservation of genetic material should become part of a natural collection's process for the generation of extended specimens enabling the preservation of both the phenotype and genotype and contributing to the generation of data networks which cross‐fertilize other fields. These curated collections are advantageous in endangered species research, detecting processes related to extinction, giving a genetic dimension to IUCN assessments or completing the Leipzig Catalogue of Vascular Plants. Therefore, DNA collections are fundamental in producing FAIR data, responsible research and innovation (RRI) and meeting the goals of international conservation programmes. The completion of natural collections is important for current research efforts and furthermore vital to support future research in an era of ongoing plant biodiversity loss.
Genetic patterns in Montipora capitata across an environmental mosaic in Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i
Authors: Caruso Carlo , Rocha de Souza Mariana , Ruiz‐Jones Lupita , Conetta Dennis , Hancock Joshua , Hobbs Callum , Hobbs Caroline , Kahkejian Valerie , Kitchen Rebecca , Marin Christian , Monismith Stephen , Madin Joshua , Gates Ruth , Drury Crawford
Published: August 2022

Spatial genetic structure (SGS) is important to a population's ability to adapt to environmental change. For species that reproduce both sexually and asexually, the relative contribution of each reproductive mode has important ecological and evolutionary implications because asexual reproduction can have a strong effect on SGS. Reef‐building corals reproduce sexually, but many species also propagate asexually under certain conditions. To understand SGS and the relative importance of reproductive mode across environmental gradients, we evaluated genetic relatedness in almost 600 colonies of Montipora capitata across 30 environmentally characterized sites in Kāneʻohe Bay, Oʻahu, Hawaii, using low‐depth restriction digest‐associated sequencing. Clonal colonies were relatively rare overall but influenced SGS. Clones were located significantly closer to one another spatially than average colonies and were more frequent on sites where wave energy was relatively high, suggesting a strong role of mechanical breakage in their formation. Excluding clones, we found no evidence of isolation by distance within sites or across the bay. Several environmental characteristics were significant predictors of the underlying genetic variation (including degree heating weeks, time spent above 30°C, depth, sedimentation rate and wave height); however, they only explained 5% of this genetic variation. Our results show that asexual fragmentation contributes to the ecology of branching corals at local scales and that genetic diversity is maintained despite strong environmental gradients in a highly impacted ecosystem, suggesting potential for broad adaptation or acclimatization in this population.
Becoming urban: How city life shapes the social structure and genetics of ants
Authors: Janda Milan
Published: August 2022

Cities and urban environments can do peculiar things to biodiversity that shares them with us. How cities affect their invited and uninvited inhabitants has become an increasingly important question. More than half of the world's population dwells in urban areas, and these environments will keep expanding considerably. Understanding how this relatively recent, rapid, and pervasive form of landscape modification influences the ecology and evolution of organisms that cannot escape, or may benefit from it, is an emerging field of biology. Although we are aware of how some birds, mammals or plants respond to urban environments, less is known about insects and invertebrates in general. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Blumenfeld et al. (2022) bring new remarkable insights into how a common ant species adjusts to urban settings across the United States by changing its social structure and behaviour. Using a large‐scale molecular, chemical and behavioural dataset, they document how the odorous house ant Tapinoma sessile differs in its colony organisation and dispersal strategy between rural and urban habitats. In each of the study regions and continent‐wide, rural and urban colonies are genetically and chemically differentiated, suggesting that urban settings act as potent agents of selection and isolation. The novelty and importance of this study are that it documents multiple independent transitions toward the same social organisation and the apparent effect of habitat on the life history of a eusocial insect species.