bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The The Use of Fine Art Activity Strategies in Mastering Vocabulary at Al-Hidayah Boarding School Depok West Java
Authors: Alifia Nur
Published: January 2023

Art is a person's creative phenomenon to express themselves in an event. It can be found in music, by hand, in the appearance of drama, or even in vocal sports. In learning, students often find problems that originate within themselves or originate in their environment. The problems that originate within themselves can be a lack of interest in reading, a lack of vocabulary, or a shortage of visual aids that make it easier for them to grasp science. The purpose of this study in al-Hidayah. Boarding School is to learn the arts of fine arts strategy for effectively mastering vocabulary. The methods used in this scientific work are those of quantitative research, data exploration, experimental design, and survey. Experiments were carried out to reinforce the initial hypothesis that with fine arts, vocabulary study was easier to understand. Surveys provide excellent databases for scientific reference. As for the results of this study being a fine art strategy for mastering vocabulary effectively, students can understand the vocabulary learned from teachers, and they can choose their way to select the correct vocabulary in translating, antonyms, word translations, or hyponyms.
PEMBUATAN MESIN PENYEMPROT HAMA KAPASITAS 10 L MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER LISTRIK SOLAR PANEL
Authors: Anderson Sir
Published: January 2023

Hama adalah hewan yang mengganggu atau merusak tanaman sehingga pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada tumbuhan terganggu. Hama bisa merusak tanaman secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Dalam penanganan hama ini petani masih menggunakan alat penyemprot hama manual, adapun alat semprot elektrik, baterainya tidak bertahan lama. Untuk mengurangi masalah dalam penanganan hama ini penulis membuat mesin penyemprot hama kapasitas 10 L menggunakan sumber listrik solar panel.Dalam pembuatan mesin penyemprot ini komponoen – komponen utama mesin ini adalah panel surya 50 wp, SCC 10 A, baterai/aki 20 AH, pompa dc 12 V. Panel surya digunakan untuk sumber listrik dari mesin ini, energi listrik yang dihasilkan akan di simpan di aki dan di control oleh SCC. Energi listrik yang telah di simpan di aki akan digunakan untuk menghidupkan pompa yang berfungsi untuk memompakan air dalam tabung, di aliri ke selang dan stick sprayer untuk melakukan penyemprotan.Dari hasil pengujian didapat data panel surya dengan nilai rata – rata I sebesar 1,25 A, rata – rata V 12,33 Volt. Lama ketahanan baterai adalah 12 jam 56 menit, juah penyemprotan 2 meter dan lama waktu penyemprotan adalah 9 menit 30 detik
ORGANIC WASTE COMPOST PROCESSING USING ARDUINO-BASED AUTOMATED MACHINES
Authors: Sibarani Mario Oktasa , Kartika Kartika
Published: January 2023

Compost is an important organic fertilizer in agriculture. Compost comes from weathering / decomposition of waste such as leaves. In the composting process, it can occur naturally but requires a longer time because during the decomposition process the temperature can change so that the performance of microorganisms that decompose waste decreases. The Arduino-based automatic machine is designed to maintain the temperature during the composting process. There are two types of systems used in composting machines. The first composting machine uses an automatic system that works every 3 hours to stir the waste in the tube while the second machine uses the system to work when the temperature detected by the DS18b20 sensor in the tube increases. In the second engine system the highest temperature is set at 38˚C. If the temperature in the tube increases and exceeds the temperature limit that has been set, the motor will work to stir the waste until the temperature in the tube drops. The results of the compost feasibility test on the first machine obtained a pH value of 5.84; Nitrogen 9.67%; Organic carbon 16.33%; C/N ratio 16.90; while the second machine obtained a pH value of 5.60; 8.60% Nitrogen; 17.89% organic carbon; C/N ratio 20.81
MANAJEMEN PEMELIHARAAN GEDUNG E, G, K DAN V POLITEKNIK NEGERI PADANG
Authors: Partawijaya Yan
Published: January 2023

Building maintenance is a very important to do after a building is completed or used. Maintenance makes of the building longer, safety, strength and appearance. Maintenance can reduce damage to the building, comfort and safety for all building users. Analysis of the maintenance management buildings E, G, K and V Politeknik Negeri Padang for 2023, maintenance schedule for buildings E, G, K and V Politeknik Negeri Padang for structural, architectural and utility components is divided daily, weekly, monthly and yearly intervals. Time periode, daily maintenance includes work on floors, walls, ceilings, doors, windows, frames, clean water installations, security installations, sanitary equipment and electrical installations. Maintenance periode of weekly and monthly intervals includes the work of structures, floors, walls, doors, frames, clean water installations and air conditioning installations. Annual periodic maintenance includes work on structures, walls, ceilings, doors, frames, air conditioning installations, fire protection installations and security installations. The maintenance cost of buildings E, G, K and V Politeknik Negeri Padang Rp. 810,834,743.17 with the cost of structural components of Rp. 84,443.56, architectural components of Rp. 651,660,899.61 and utility components of Rp. 159,089,400.00.

Keywords: Buildings, Maintenance, Time periode, Cost
PENGARUH KARAT TERHADAP KETANGGUHAN MARETIAL BAJA UNTUK JEMBATAN
Authors: Fahimuddin Fauzri , Fahimuddin Fauzri
Published: January 2023

Rust is a major problem in steel bridge construction because it has the potential to affect the integrity of the structure and is also an important consideration for inspection and maintenance programs. This study shows the results of laboratory tests on the effect of rust within 1 to 9 weeks on fracture toughness as one of the important mechanical properties of steel bridge elements. The specimens in this study were made of SM 490 type, steel commonly used for bridge construction. Rustless and rusted specimens were used with varying degrees of exposure after immersion in acid solution to simulate the rate of rust. The effect of rust rate on fracture toughness due to mass loss was studied. The fracture toughness of each specimen was monitored for those specimens with exposure periods of 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 9 weeks to test their effect on toughness. The results of this study showed that there was no significant reduction in the rusting duration of 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 9 weeks of fracture toughness. Rusting and testing activity for the long term is still ongoing and will be continued, as the results of this study greatly help bridge designers and asset managers to better model rust inspection and maintenance plans and assess the structural integrity of steel bridges affected by rust more accurately.
MODIFIKASI MESIN PENGUPAS KULIT KOPI KAPASITAS 241 KG/JAM
Authors: Anderson Sir
Published: January 2023

Processing of coffee skin peelers generally still uses manual or semi-mechanical peelers and to overcome this, a mechanical coffee peeler driven by a gasoline motor is needed. The purpose of modifying this coffee skin peeler machine is to find the perfect tools that have been made previously. This machine modification is expected to help the process of peeling the coffee skin so that it can improve the quality of the coffee. The implementation method for modifying the coffee peeler machine starts with the plan, preparing the construction materials for machines, gasoline motors, gears and chains, peeling rollers, push rollers, iron plates and elbow plates. The next stage is assembling the machine and the engine position. The process ends with testing the tool, data analysis, and concluding the results of the tool. The result of specification this modified coffee peeler machine is capable to peel the coffee skin until 241.2kg/hour. The engine dimensions are 74 mm x 31 mm x 105 mm, using a gasoline motor of 1 hp 2800 rpm, the frame uses an elbow profile of 30 x 30 x 3 mm, the transmission system uses 2 pulleys D = 75 mm and 200 mm connected to a type A v-belt -54.
An Analysis Of Factors Affecting The Financial Distress: The Case Of SOEs In Indonesia
Authors: Mahardini Nikke Yusnita , Bandi
Published: January 2023

The results of company performance can be determined by one of the internal factors of the company, namely the characteristics possessed by the CEO. Echelon theory explains that vision and strategy choices can be influenced by CEO experience and personality which ultimately affect company performance. The motivation for this study is that in Indonesia it is still rare to use a combination of CEO characteristics variables and financial indicators as factors that can affect financial distress in companies. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of CEO characteristics and financial indicators on financial distress in state-owned companies in Indonesia. This study uses state-owned enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as the research population. The research data was tested using Logistic Regression Analysis. The research findings show that CEO age and sales growth have a significant effect on financial distress. While CEO tenure, CEO educational background, and total liabilities to total assets have no significant effect on financial distress.
Машинно-тракторные станции Западно-Сибирского края в 1930-е гг.
Authors: Лапердин В.Б.
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматривается ряд проблем, связанных с развитием сети машинно-тракторных станций на территории Западно-Сибирского края в 1930-е гг. Представлена их количественная и качественная характеристика, показана роль в аграрной политике государства на примере хлебозаготовок. Расширение сети МТС на территории региона происходило неравномерно, без увязки с необходимой инфраструктурой, в частности – машинно-тракторных мастерских. Данная ситуация возникла по причинам лоббирования районными властями своих интересов с целью строительства новых станций, особенно в годы первой пятилетки, а также отсутствия общей концепции развития МТС у планирующих организаций.
О силе и всесилии
Authors: Крюков В.А.
Published: January 2023

Минувший 2022 г. был ознаменован чрезвычайно важной и не до конца (не в полной мере) осознанной всеми нами датой –100-летием со дня образования СССР – Союза Советских Социалистических Республик. Недостаточная осознанность связана не только и не столько с последствиями распада Советского Союза, она во многом касается внутренних механизмов и причин, лежавших в основании принципов функционирования данного государства, которые, в конечном счете, привели к его распаду.
Земельный кодекс РСФСР 1922 г. в контексте решения аграрного вопроса в России
Authors: Ильиных В.А.
Published: January 2023

Анализируются правовой генезис и основные положения Земельного кодекса РСФСР 1922 г. в контексте идейно-политической борьбы по аграрному вопросу. В середине 1900-х – начале 1920-х гг. в России сменилось несколько моделей реформирования сельского хозяйства, каждой из которых соответствовали базовые правовые акты. Основной целью аграрной реформы 1906–1914 гг. были ликвидация общинного землепользования и капитализация аграрного строя (столыпинское аграрное законодательство). В октябре 1917 г. началась реализация эсеровской программы социализации на основе уравнительно-трудового землепользования («Крестьянский наказ», «Закон о социализации»). В 1919 г. большевики осуществили попытку перехода к социалистическим формам организации сельхозпроизводства («Положение о социалистическом землеустройстве»). Сопротивление крестьянства вынудило их отказаться от эксперимента и перейти к нэпу. Идейной основой аграрной политики государства стала неонародническая концепция. Она была воспроизведена в Земельном кодексе, который закрепил общинное землепользование и наметил механизмы его рационализации. На рубеже 1920–1930-х гг. нэп был свернут, а общинное землепользование упразднено.
Как увидеть потенциал инновационной разработки: проблемы оценки проектов ранних стадий
Authors: Обухова Е.А. , Юсупова А.Т.
Published: January 2023

В статье обсуждаются проблемы поддержки высокотехнологичных инновационных проектов ранних стадий жизненного цикла. Российская инновационная экосистема не предоставляет достаточных возможностей для их развития и продвижения. С одной стороны, завышенные требования, предъявляемые к проектам при отборе, приводят к существенному недофинансированию ранних стадий. С другой – венчурные инвесторы вынужденно поддерживают малорискованные, относительно простые проекты. Для анализа и оценки высокотехнологичных стартапов, которые отличает высокий уровень неопределенности, невозможность четкого расчетного обоснования финансовой привлекательности, демонстрации готовых продуктов, нужны специальные инструменты. В качестве такового авторы разработали методику, основанную на анализе опыта предпринимателей, венчурных и традиционных инвесторов, институтов инновационной инфраструктуры. Методика предполагает привлечение широкого круга экспертов, учитывает мотивации, приоритеты, компетенции и возможности актора, оценивающего и отбирающего его проект. Представлен опыт ее применения для оценки конкретного высокотехнологичного стартапа в области складской логистики.
Penerapan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung OJK KR. 4 Jawa Timur
Authors: Nursandah Athallah Prawira Bima , Oetomo Wateno , Beatrix Michella
Published: January 2023

The success of a construction is influenced by the performance of workers. Worker performance is influenced by the environment to the existing occupational safety and health system. The Covid pandemic has had an impact on changing the structure of the construction sector, one of which is on workers. These changes are not easily implemented by construction workers. There are several factors that cause it is not easy to apply such as understanding, ability and attitude. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of occupational health and safety (K3) in the construction project of the OJK KR.4 building, East Java, Surabaya. Data obtained from questionnaires distributed to workers. The data obtained were then analyzed for Validity, Reliability, Normality, and Multiple Linear Regression including the F-Test, Coefficient of Determination, and T-Test. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic and OSH behavior had an effect on the implementation of OSH by 74.4% and the remaining 25. 6% influenced by other things. However, the attitude and behavior of K3 became the most dominant among the two variables studied. So that knowing the most influential variables in the implementation of K3 during a pandemic can inform construction organizations and policy makers about aspects to implement preventive measures aimed at protecting construction workers.
Penilaian Kualitas Pelayanan Jalan Simpang Gajayana-Joyoagung Kota Malang Berdasarkan Pedoman Geometrik Jalan 2021 dan MKJI 1997
Authors: Raharjo Nain Dhaniarti
Published: January 2023

As one of the supporting cities that connects to Batu City, Malang City has several connecting roads that can be alternative to Batu City, which is the Simpang Gajayana road - Joyoagung road, with the function as a secondary collector. Along with the rapid rate of mobility and community growth, many social areas have been developed along this road, so that along this road section becomes crowded with the heavy traffic, and it certainly has an impact on the level of road service. The purpose of this study to determine the value of road service quality along the Simpang Gajayana to Joyoagung road. Assessment carried out is regarding traffic conditions, side barriers, and the geometric condition of the road section, which is based on the 2021 Highway Geometric Guidelines and 1997 Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual. Result of the research shows that the total value of the degree of saturation (DS) on the Simpang Gajayana-Joyo Utomo road is 1,189 and the Joyoutomo-Joyoagung road is 0,61.  So, it means that along the Simpang Gajayana-Joyo Utomo road, the quality of services is in category F value (poor condition), because the value of the degree of saturation is above 1 (DS>1). However, the Joyo Utomo-Joyoagung road, the quality of services is in category C value (moderate condition), because the value of degree saturation is below 1 (DS<1). Result from this study can be used as a consideration and reference for related parties in structuring the function of the road network in that area.
Penilaian Kondisi Permukaan Jalan Menggunakan Aplikasi Roadroid pada Jalan Veteran - Bandung Kota Malang
Authors: Marjono Marjono , Burhamtoro Burhamtoro , Sasongko Rinto
Published: January 2023

Roads are the most important infrastructure in supporting community activities. Damage that occurs to the road surface can cause congestion, inconvenience, and even accidents. One of the roads that was damaged was Veteran Street to Bandung City Malang Street. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the condition of the road surface and determine the appropriate repair efforts. The research was conducted by conducting a direct survey using the Roadroid application. The data obtained is in the form of eIRI, cIRI, vehicle speed, object position, distance from the initial position and temperature. Furthermore, an analysis of Remaining Structural Life and Road Condition Index was carried out. From this analysis can be used to determine the right improvement efforts. The results showed that the road conditions after being repaired by patching were still in poor condition with a percentage of poor road conditions of 65.43%. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out repair efforts by re-coating with a minimum thickness of 40 mm, for the type of LTBA-A material at a cost per ton of Rp. 1,106,723. The results of this study can be used as a reference and reference in efforts to repair roads and can be used as a database for road conditions for city governments.
Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Untuk Peningkatan Pelayanan Terminal Purabaya Berdasarkan PP No. 50 Tahun 2012
Authors: Suharso Akbar Bayu Kresno , Andaryati Andaryati , Saurina Nia
Published: January 2023

The situation in the field shows that there is still a high number of work accidents that occur in transportation facilities. It is very unfortunate if the Purabaya Terminal has not fully implemented the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) which will have a positive impact on service quality, operations and performance by making efficient and effective efforts to prevent the risk of work-related accidents and diseases. If this happens, it can improve customer and community relations which aim to increase community satisfaction. This is in line with PP No. 50 of 2012. The purpose of this study was to describe the success rate of OSHM implementation at Purabaya Terminal based on PP no. 50 of 2012 and analyze the inhibiting factors. This research method uses a qualitative method by collecting survey data using a checklist questionnaire instrument and interviewing the entire study population, namely all employees at the Purabaya Terminal. After data collection, an analysis of the achievement level of OSHM implementation at the Purabaya terminal was carried out with a result of 27% of 166 criteria. This figure indicates a low rating of the application. Factors that influence this include the lack of staff in the OSH control section, lack of funds, lack of OSH awareness, and inadequate and uneven facilities. So that by implementing these results, it can be used to continue K3 pre-implementation activities in the form of training, outreach and providing OSH awareness to all employees at Purabaya Terminal.
Koordinasi Sinyal antar Simpang untuk Mengurangi Kemacetan di Jalan P.B. Sudirman Denpasar dengan Menggunakan Software TRANSYT 15
Authors: Indrashwara Decky Cipta , Yasa P. Adi
Published: January 2023

On Jalan P.B Sudirman there are 3 intersections. The conditions of the three intersections are currently uncoordinated, as a result, vehicles that have just passed the Puputan Renon Intersection have to stop waiting for the green phase to return at the FE Unud Intersection and the same thing also happens at the Waturenggong Intersection. As a result, long queues, delays, and the number of stops, especially during peak hours, are unavoidable. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of proper coordination between intersections, to reduce traffic jams at the three intersections. The purpose of this study is to analyze the signal coordination between the three intersections using TRANSYT 15 software. The research was conducted by analyzing primary data and secondary data with MKJI to obtain values of Capacity, Queue Length, Delay, Saturation Degree, and Level of Service for existing conditions, then analyze the existing signal settings for the three intersections using the Time-Distance Diagram method. Signal coordination analysis was performed using TRANSYT 15 and the results from the software were compared with the existing conditions. The result show that the arm Capacity has increased from the existing condition at The Puputan Renon, FE Unud, and Waturenggong Intersections, they were 36.93%, 21.43%, and 70.16%, Degrees of Saturation were decreased to 23%, 29.14%, and 41.53%, and the Number Stop Value were decreased to 94.08%, 73.21%, and 83.74%. From the results of this study, it can be applied to reduce congestion that occurs along P.B. Sudirman Street.
Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Sanitasi Masyarakat Pesisir Laut di Pulau Belakang Padang Menggunakan Communal Septic Tank
Authors: Helen Pakpahan Irlas , Savitri Amanatullah
Published: January 2023

Sanitation issues are important to pay attention to because they have a negative impact on various aspects of life. Development of sanitation facilities and infrastructure really needs efforts related to environmental aspects and public health. The problem that occurs in Kampung Tengah is about the quality of sanitation. The purpose of this research is to analyze sanitation problems that occur in Kampung Tengah village. From these data results will be obtained which will be used to improve and propose solutions for infrastructure development to improve sanitation conditions according to local conditions. Data collection used field observation methods by distributing data questionnaires. Then the data was tested using SPSS software, to ensure the validity and reliability of the data collected. The results showed that the sanitation quality of Kampung Tengah was classified as poor. Residents do not have a septic tank, the environment around the house is dirty and slum due to the absence of high tide. So it is necessary to improve the quality of sanitation by building a septic tank. The communal septic tank is a solution for the residents of Kampung Tengah who have limited land and cannot afford to build their own septic tank. In addition, to adapt to the socio-economic conditions of the residents, biofilter septic tank technology is needed. To meet the needs of the residents of Kampung Tengah, so sanitation can be improved.
A Systematic Literature Review on Curriculum Studies Addressing Social Inequalities
Authors: GÜRSOY İrem Nur , ATİK KARA Derya
Published: January 2023

This research aims to reveal trends on social inequality in curriculum studies based on the studies carried out between 2014-2019 in the international literature. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was carried out. Some criteria have been specified for the systematic literature review to determine the journals and articles to be analyzed within the research purpose and questions. In line with the determined criteria, the Scopus database was searched, and 262 curriculum studies reached as a result of the scanning were examined within the scope of addressing social inequalities. A detailed analysis was carried out on 63 studies included in terms of the target audience, the design, which inequality and curriculum dimension the studies focused on, and their purposes. The remaining data were coded on the text document through descriptive and interpretive codes. As a result of the research, it was found that social inequalities started to be handled from different perspectives and multidimensionally. Also, studies were carried out to reflect the current events, and the curriculum dimension mainly focused on the learning-teaching process and content. However, the number of applied studies was higher than theoretical ones. Moreover, the studies were carried out to demonstrate that the inequalities were legitimized and reproduced. These studies were carried out with students, teachers and documents as a data source by using the case study design in general.
Mind Map Technique in Physical Education: Development of Cognitive and Psychomotor Skills
Authors: TEMİZ Ceren Nur , SİVRİKAYA Ahmet Haktan
Published: January 2023

The study aimed to measure the success of teaching the subject of volleyball in the physical education course with the mind map. The study employed a quasi-experimental pre-posttest design with an experimental and a control group. The study was completed with a total of 66 students 33 students allocated to the experimental and 33 students to the control group. A pre-test was administered to the experimental and the control groups in order to explore students’ cognitive and psycho-motor skill levels of the relevant subjects before teaching volleyball subject.The experimental group was trained using the mind map with 40min courses a week for 9 weeks. Meantime, the control group was trained using conventional teaching methods. At the end of 9 weeks period, tests were again administered to groups. To collect data, a Volleyball Skill Test and a Psychomotor Observation Form were used. The post-tests results showed that levels of cognitive domain and overhead pass and bump pass were higher on behalf of the experimental group. In the comparisons of the cognitive and psychomotor skill levels of the two groups, a statistically significant difference was found in favor of the experimental group in the cognitive and psychomotor domains.
Experiment ended
Authors: Hong Fei
Published: January 2023

Re-Carbonizing the Sea: A Costly and Ethical Challenge
Re-Carbonizing the Sea: The Cost and Ethics of Ocean Carbon Research
Authors: Han YouAI
Published: January 2023

Re-Carbonizing the Sea The Cost and Ethics of Ocean Carbon Research
Inovasi Briket arang dan arang aktiv dari limbah tongkol jagung
Authors: Wiyono Viernanda Reza Wahyu
Published: January 2023

Mengolah limbah tongkol jagung yang semula tidak bermanfaat dan sering di buang, menjadi briket arang yang sangat bermanfaat dan berguna
Certainly uncertainty: Communicating uncertainty in science museums
Authors: Altenmüller Marlene Sophie , Stark Johannes , Schlegl Sonja , Englhardt Kerstin , Dengl Petra , Henning Wiebke , Bloemer Julia , Gollwitzer Mario
Published: January 2023

Science museums face the challenge of communicating the inherent uncertainties of science without risking the public’s trust and interest in science. Here, we investigated potential museum visitors’ (N = 466) reception and support for such uncertainty communication by combining an experimental and survey approach as well as quantitative and qualitative data. First, we experimentally manipulated whether historic consensus uncertainty was communicated (a) not at all, (b) incidentally, or (c) explicitly. Uncertainty neither affected visitors’ trust nor interest in the presented information, in a hypothetical exhibition, or in science in general, or their attitudes towards current scientific debates. Second, we asked participants directly about their opinion towards uncertainty communication in science museums, revealing overwhelmingly positive attitudes and 12 times as many statements in support of (vs. against) communicating uncertainty in science exhibitions. These findings suggest that potential museum visitors’ do not only tolerate but actively support uncertainty communication in science museums.
Experiment ended
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: January 2023

The Path to Indigenous-Led Ocean Conservation: The Cost and Ethics of Science
Effects of age on neural reinstatement during memory retrieval
Authors: Rugg Michael D , Srokova Sabina
Published: January 2023

Here, we review studies examining the effects of age on neural reinstatement – retrieval-related reactivation of the patterns of neural activity which were elicited when the remembered event was first experienced. Although the findings are mixed, the balance of the evidence suggests that age-related reductions in reinstatement are largely attributable to reductions in the selectivity with which later remembered events were neurally represented as they were encoded. The implications of these findings for the understanding of age-related memory decline are discussed, as are other findings indicating that reinstatement is accompanied by a representational transformation of the encoded information.
AS-BEAST: Using machine learning to create an adaptable, scalable, and interpretable behavioral model
Authors: Shoshan Vered , Hazan Tamir , Plonsky Ori
Published: January 2023

In this study, we introduce Adaptable Scalable BEAST (AS-BEAST), an interpretable model of human decision making under uncertainty, that fuses the foundational principles of BEAST, a behavioral model grounded in psychological theory, with the capabilities of machine learning techniques. Our strategy involves mathematically formalizing BEAST as a differentiable function and representing it in a computational graph. This approach facilitates the learning of model parameters using automatic differentiation and gradient descent. AS-BEAST scales to larger datasets and adapts to new data more efficiently, while preserving the psychological interpretability of the original model. Evaluation of AS-BEAST on the largest publicly accessible dataset of human choice under uncertainty shows that it predicts choice at state-of-the-art levels, similar to those of non-interpretable deep neural networks and better than several benchmarks, including the original BEAST model. Importantly, AS-BEAST provides interpretable explanations for choice behavior, leading to the extraction of novel psychological insights from the data. This research demonstrates the potential of machine learning techniques to enhance the scalability and adaptability of models rooted in psychological theory, without compromising their interpretability or insight generation capabilities.
Empowerment Of Nature: Processing Plastic Waste Into Vehicle Fuel
Authors: Huda Muhamad Nurul
Published: January 2023

Abstract: In every day life, people generate a lot of garbage
DINAMIKA FILSAFAT HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: KARIM IKHWANUL
Published: January 2023

Filsafat hukum digambarkan sebagai suatu disiplin modern yang memiliki tugas untuk menganalisis konsep-konsep perskriptif yang berkaitan dengan yurisprudensi.Filsafat Hukum dalam Bahasa Indonesia merupakan terjemahan dari istilah Philosophy of Law atau Rechts Filosofie. filsafat, yakni filsafat tingkah laku atau etika yang mempelajari hakikat hukum. Dengan perkataan lain, filsafat hukum adalah ilmu yang mempelajari hukum secara filosofis. Objek filsafat hukum adalah hukum dan objek tersebut dikaji secara mendalam sampai kepada inti atau dasarnya yang disebut dengan hakikat.Filsafat Hukum juga merupakan bagian dari ilmu-ilmu hukum. Masalah yang dibahas dalam lingkup filsafat hukum, meliputi: Masalah hakikat dari hukum; Masalah tujuan hukum; Mengapa orang menaati hukum; Masalah mengapa negara dapat menghukum; dan Masalah hubungan hukum dengan kekuasaan.
Outcome adjudication in randomised trials in leading medical journals: Protocol for a methodological review
Authors: Godolphin Peter John , Diakou Lee Aymar Ndounga
Published: January 2023

Adjudication of outcomes is common in randomised trials. The aim of this process is to reduce random error in outcome assessment, and if local outcomes assessors are not blind to treatment assignment, to additionally reduce systematic error. In the last decade, many studies have begun to investigate the benefit of outcome adjudication in many clinical areas, including cardiovascular research, cancer studies and also across all general medical fields. Recommendations have been provided that suggest that adjudication of outcomes is more important when local outcome assessors are not masked to treatment allocation, where the adjudication process can assist in controlling systematic error (or limit detection bias). However, it is not clear whether adjudication is still prevalent in trials in which outcome assessors are appropriately masked to treatment allocation, and if so, what the rationale is for adjudicating outcomes in such studies. The aim of this methodological review is to assess recently published randomised trials in leading medical journals to evaluate: (1) the proportion of trials that adjudicate their primary outcome; (2) the characteristics of these trials, including the blinding status of the local outcome assessors; (3) the types of outcomes that are adjudicated; (4) the adjudication process that is implemented in these trials; and (5) the rationale for trials to include outcome adjudication in their studies.
MEMAHAMI PERSOALAN HUKUM MELALUI FILSAFAT HUKUM
Authors: AMIRAH
Published: January 2023

Perkembangan pemikiran berkaitan dengan filsafat terus menjadi perhatian Perkembangan pemikiran berkaitan dengan filsafat terus menjadi perhatian Perkembangan pemikiran berkaitan dengan filsafat terus menjadi perhatian kaum intelektual lintas bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Penegakan hukum dan keadilan harus menggunakan jalur pemikiran yang tepat dengan alat bukti dan barang bukti untuk merealisasikan keadilan hukum dan isi hukum harus ditentukan oleh keyakinan etis, adil tidaknya suatu perkara. Persoalan hukum menjadi nyata jika para perangkat hukum melaksanakan dengan baik serta memenuhi, menepati aturan yang telah dibakukan sehingga tidak terjadi penyelewengan aturan dan hukum yang telah dilakukan secara sistematis, artinya menggunakan kodifikasi dan unifikasi hukum demi terwujudnya kepastian hukum dan keadilan hukum. Dengan demikian, kajian mengenai pemahaman persoalan hukum melalui filsafat hukum akan diketahui dengan pisau analisa filsafat hukum sangat diperlukan sebagai usaha ilmiah untuk mengatahui secara hakiki tentang fungsi hukum, baik fungsinya dalam bernegara, berbangsa, dan bermasyarakat.
Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 and postoperative outcomes
Authors: Kotze Alwyn , McInerney Ciarán
Published: January 2023

BackgroundSurgical decision making after SARS-CoV-2 infection is influenced by the presence of comorbidity, infection severity, and whether the surgical problem is time-sensitive. Contemporary surgical policy to delay surgery is informed by heterogenous guidance. We aimed to evaluate surgical provision during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess real-world practice and whether deferral remains necessary.MethodsUsing the OpenSAFELY platform, we adapted the COVIDSurg protocol for a service evaluation of surgical procedures that took place within the English NHS from 17 March 2018 to 17 March 2022. We evaluated whether hospitals within the English NHS adhered to guidance not to operate on patients with seven weeks of an indication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additional outcomes were postoperative all-cause mortality (30-day, 6-month), and complications (pulmonary, cardiac, cerebrovascular). The exposure was the interval between the most-recent indication of SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent surgery.FindingsIn any 6-month window, less than 3% of surgical procedures were conducted within seven weeks of an indication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mortality for surgery conducted within two weeks of a positive test in the pandemic-with-vaccine era was 1·1%, declining to 0·3% by four weeks. Compared to the COVIDSurg study cohort, outcomes for patient in the English NHS cohort were better during the COVIDSurg data collection period and the pandemic-no-vaccine era.InterpretationClinicians within the English NHS followed national guidance by operating on very few patients within seven weeks of a positive indication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Surgical patients’ overall risk following an indication of SARS-CoV-2 infection was and is lower than previously thought.FundingSalaries were funded by National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Yorkshire and Humber Patient Safety Translational Research Centre. Data assets were funded by UK Research and Innovation. The OpenSAFELY Platform is supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, NIHR, and Health Data Research UK.
FILSAFAT HUKUM DESIGN STANDAR KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT HUKUM
Authors: Rozi Nofrival
Published: January 2023

Fungsi hukum sebagai sarana untuk mewujudkan keadilan sosial, kenyataanya dalam kehidupan masyarakat, telah terjadi pergeseran dalam tatanan nilai dan atau budaya, pengabaian atas nilai kejujuran, semakin menipisnya budaya malu, juga hilangnya kepercayaan terhadap hukum dan penegak hukum, kepatuhan terhadap hukum merosot tajam sehingga terjadi disfungsi hukum.
A unified theory of mindsponge
Authors: Bonn Uni
Published: January 2023

URI: http://www.degruyter.com/doi/10.2478/9788367405157-008
Women learn paternal characteristics used in mate choice during two sensitive periods: in early childhood and in adolescence
Authors: Štěrbová Zuzana , Tureček Petr , Havlicek Jan , Valentova Jaroslava Varella
Published: January 2023

People tend to choose romantic partners who resemble their opposite-sex parents. What remains unclear is when in ontogeny are these mate preferences formed. We have investigated the timing of possible sensitive period(s) of learning paternal characteristics by comparing similarities between fathers and romantic partners in heterosexual women who started cohabiting with nonbiological fathers at different ages between birth and 15 years (N = 250) and women who cohabited with their biological fathers up to 15 years of age (N = 1,613). All women indicated mate choice-relevant demographic, physical, and personality characteristics of their biological or nonbiological father and partner. The probability of a sensitive period was estimated using year-long windows. Sensitive periods for learning paternal characteristics were detected in 16 out of 21 characteristics. Characteristics clustered into those with sensitive period in early childhood (age 1–5 years), and even more so, during a sensitive period in adolescence (9–15 years). For demographic characteristics, the sensitive period was 12–15 years of age, for physical characteristics 9–13 years of age, and for personality characteristics, we found no clear age pattern. Although the timing of a sensitive period is not the same for all characteristics, our results for the first time suggest that women learn paternal characteristics which are later used in mate choice during two time windows and mostly during adolescence, thus later than previously expected.
People Prioritize Personal Fulfillment Over Morality in the Context of Self-Improvement
Authors: Sun Jessie , Berman Jonathan Zev
Published: January 2023

Most people are interested in improving themselves, but they are much less interested in becoming more moral. Why don’t people want to be more moral, and why do people prioritize improving certain aspects of themselves over others? Here, we examine two possible explanations. First, we examine whether people seek to change the traits they believe will have the most widespread positive impacts on their personality (the Personality-Enabling Hypothesis; Study 1). Second, we examine whether people seek to change the traits that will have the greatest positive impact on their well-being (the Personal Fulfillment Hypothesis; Studies 1–2). Across two preregistered studies (Ns = 252/303), we find greater evidence for the latter than the former. Over and above the desire to address perceived trait deficiencies, people primarily seek to improve the traits that they believe would particularly help them achieve their goals and increase their happiness. Moral improvements were not seen as particularly effective at doing either, and were therefore deprioritized. Finally, whereas the tendency to deprioritize moral improvements was highly generalizable across participants, beliefs about consequences for different dimensions of personal fulfillment more strongly predicted change goals to the extent that people explicitly valued these dimensions. These results point to the centrality of well-being for understanding why people want to improve themselves, clarify the perceived tradeoffs between well-being and morality, and highlight the importance of individual differences in people’s motivations for personality change.
The relationship between face-based first impressions and perceptions of purity and compared to other moral violations
Authors: McCulloch Kate , Steele Yoshi , Gheorghiu Ana Ioana
Published: January 2023

Morality is a trait which is perceived and prioritized in face-perception; however, immorality is not homogenous with two common categories being purity (e.g., cannibalism and incest) and autonomy violations (e.g., theft and corruption). The current research establishes whether both purity and autonomy violations are associated with low facial morality as well as exploring whether they are also associated with other distinct facial traits. Participants were asked to rate unfamiliar faces on either one social trait (competence, capability, likeability, friendliness, honesty, trustworthiness, dominance, or masculinity) or their likelihood to commit a purity or autonomy violation. Likelihood to commit all moral violations was predicted by lower facial morality. Additionally, all purity violations were associated with male gender and, most often, low dominance while autonomy violations and the purity violation of cannibalism were associated with high dominance. Within these categories, stealing was associated with lower competence, eating a pet dog was associated with older age, and both corruption and incest were associated with white ethnicity. This suggests low facial morality is consistently associated with perceived likelihood to commit immoral actions. However, data also suggests a distinction both between and within autonomy and purity categories in other facial traits associated with these acts.
Morphemes as letter chunks: Linguistic information enhances the learning of visual regularities
Authors: Lelonkiewicz Jaroslaw Roman , Ktori Maria , Crepaldi Davide
Published: January 2023

We have previously shown that readers use co-occurrence statistics to learn about the presence and position of affix-like chunks in strings of pseudo-letters (Lelonkiewicz, Ktori & Crepaldi, 2020). These findings were taken as evidence that visual statistical learning might be implicated in morphological processing during visual word recognition. The present study seeks to specify this claim by (a) establishing the visual, language-agnostic nature of the underlying learning mechanism and (b) examining it in the presence of higher-order linguistic information. In Experiments 1a and 1b, readers were familiarized with strings of abstract shapes that involved affix-like chunks of frequently co-occurring shapes. We found that readers were sensitive to the presence and position of chunks. Further experiments revealed that presence and position effects were stronger when readers were exposed to letter strings which allowed access to orthographic and phonological representations (Experiments 2a and 2b), and were enhanced by access to semantics (Experiment 3). Our study demonstrates that the learning of visual regularities supports chunk identification both in purely visual and language-like materials, and that the availability of linguistic information enhances this learning. [NOTE: In citations, please refer to: Lelonkiewicz, J. R., Ktori, M., & Crepaldi, D. (in press). Morphemes as letter chunks: Linguistic information enhances the learning of visual regularities. Journal of Memory and language.]
Oblique biases: An instance of domain- and modality-general spatial representation
Authors: Yousif Sami Ryan , McDougle Samuel D
Published: January 2023

A variety of phenomena related to the oblique regions of space have been observed across modality (e.g., in vision and in action) and across domain (e.g., for properties like orientation and location). For instance, the classic ‘oblique effect’ describes a deficit in visual acuity for oriented lines in the oblique regions of space, and classic ‘prototype effects’ describe a bias to mis-localize objects towards the oblique regions of space. While there has been speculation that some ‘oblique-related effects’ share a common mechanism, many of these effects are explained in very different terms. The oblique effect itself is often understood as arising from coding asymmetries in orientation-selective neurons in the brain, whereas prototype effects have been described as arising from categorical biases in higher-level cognition. But is it mere coincidence that there are so many distinct effects linked to the oblique regions of space? Here, we explore the possibility that most, if not all, known ‘oblique-related effects’ may stem from a single, underlying spatial representation. In two first experiments, we show that individuals show stable oblique biases across domain and across modality, and we explore how both biases may have a common cause. Then, in a final experiment, we show that this perspective correctly predicts behavior in a novel spatial judgment task. Thus, we argue that a single (distorted) spatial representation may be the root cause of dozens of known phenomena.
Ultra-high field imaging of the amygdala – A review
Authors: Kirstein Cedric Fabian , Güntürkün Onur , Ocklenburg Sebastian
Published: January 2023

The amygdala is an evolutionarily conserved core structure in emotion processing and one of the key regions of interest in affective neuroscience. Results of neuroimaging studies focusing on the amygdala are, however, often heterogeneous since it is composed of functionally and neuroanatomically distinct subnuclei. Fortunately, ultra-high-field imaging offers several advances for amygdala research, most importantly more accurate representation of functional and structural properties of subnuclei and their connectivity. Most clinical studies using ultra-high-field imaging focused on major depression, suggesting either overall rightward amygdala atrophy or distinct bilateral patterns of subnuclear atrophy and hypertrophy. Other pathologies are only sparsely covered. Connectivity analyses identified widespread networks for learning and memory, stimulus processing, cognition, and social processes. They provide evidence for distinct roles of the central, basal, and basolateral nucleus, and the extended amygdala in fear and emotion processing. Amid largely sparse and ambiguous evidence, we propose theoretical and methodological considerations that will guide ultra-high-field imaging in comprehensive investigations to help disentangle the ambiguity of the amygdala’s function, structure, connectivity, and clinical relevance.
STATISTIK SOSIAL- Pengujian Hipotesis Dengan Aplikasi SPSS
Authors: Intyaswati Drina
Published: January 2023

Buku ini membahas mengenai beberapa jenis analisis pengujian hipotesis dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS. Melakukan perhitungan secara manual terhadap data yang berupa angka banyak dihindari para mahasiswa, terutama di kalangan mahasiswa jurusan ilmu sosial. Buku ini dilengkapi dengan beberapa contoh kasus yang dapat menjadi obyek penelitian dalam ilmu sosial. Dengan membaca buku ini diharapkan mahasiswa dapat melakukan analisis pengujian hipotesis dengan alat bantu aplikasi SPSS. Selanjutnya diharapkan buku ini dapat menambah antusias mahasiswa untuk belajar Statistik, karena membuat mahasiswa dapat melakukan analisis tanpa harus melakukan proses perhitungan secara manual.