bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin Levels in Serum and Ascitic Fluid of Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Chojnacki Cezary , Romanowski Marek , Winczyk Katarzyna , Błasiak Janusz , Chojnacki Jan
Published: December 2012

Cirrhotic patients exhibit disturbed melatonin homeostasis, which may lead to sleep disturbances, but an influence on the hepatic encephalopathy has not been elucidated.Aim. In the present study, the association of melatonin levels in serum and ascitic fluid and ammonia concentration related to the intensity of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) was investigated.Material and Methods. The study included 90 alcoholic patients with hepatic encephalopathy and 30 healthy volunteers (C). Patients were divided in three groups according to 0–4 West-Haven Score: HE1(n=28), HE2(n=30), and HE3(n=32). Melatonin was measured by radioimmune assay.Results. In fasting patients with hepatic encephalopathy we noted higher melatonin serum levels [pg/mL] than in healthy subjects groups: C—11.3 ± 3.9, HE1– 34.3 ± 12.2(P<0.01), HE2—54.8 ± 23.9, and HE3—119.8 ± 96.4(P<0.001). No correlation between melatonin and ammonia levels was found. Melatonin was detected in ascetic fluid in 24 patients of group HE2and 27 patients of group HE2of hepatic encephalopathy.Conclusions. Our results suggest that high blood levels of melatonin in cirrhotic liver patients may account for some of the clinical manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy, for example, daytime sleepiness, fatigue.
Controversies in the Management and Followup of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Beyond the Guidelines
Authors: Ahmadieh Hala , Azar Sami T.
Published: December 2012

Thyroid cancer is among the most common endocrine malignancies. Genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of differentiated thyroid cancer. Both have good prognosis but with frequent recurrences. Cancer staging is an essential prognostic part of cancer management. There are multiple controversies in the management and followup of differentiated thyroid cancer. Debate still exists with regard to the optimal surgical approach but trends toward a more conservative approach, such as lobectomy, are being more favored, especially in papillary thyroid cancer, of tumor sizes less than 4 cm, in the absence of other high-risk suggestive features. Survival of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer was adversely affected by lymph node metastases. Prophylactic central LN dissection did improve accuracy in staging and decrease postop TG level, but it had no effect on small-sized tumors. Conservative approach was more applied with regard to the need and dose of radioiodine given postoperatively. There have been several advancements in the management of radioiodine resistant advanced differentiated thyroid cancers. Appropriate followup is required based on risk stratification of patients postoperatively. Many studies are still ongoing in order to reach the optimal management and followup of differentiated thyroid cancer.
On the Convergence of Absolute Summability for Functions of Bounded Variation in Two Variables
Authors: Mei Ying , Yu Dansheng
Published: December 2012

By adopting some new ideas, we obtain the estimates of an absolute convergence for the functions of the bounded variation in two variables. Our results generalize the related results of Humphreys and Bojanic (1999) and Wang and Yu (2003) from one dimension to two dimensions and can be applied to several summability methods.
On the Performance of the Measure for Diagnosing Multiple High Leverage Collinearity‐Reducing Observations
Authors: Bagheri Arezoo , Midi Habshah
Published: December 2012

There is strong evidence indicating that the existing measures which are designed to detect a single high leverage collinearity‐reducing observation are not effective in the presence of multiple high leverage collinearity‐reducing observations. In this paper, we propose a cutoff point for a newly developed high leverage collinearity‐influential measure and two existing measures (δi and li) to identify high leverage collinearity‐reducing observations, the high leverage points which hide multicollinearity in a data set. It is important to detect these observations as they are responsible for the misleading inferences about the fitting of the regression model. The merit of our proposed measure and cutoff point in detecting high leverage collinearity‐reducing observations is investigated by using engineering data and Monte Carlo simulations.
Complement Activation and Inhibition in Wound Healing
Authors: Cazander Gwendolyn , Jukema Gerrolt N. , Nibbering Peter H.
Published: December 2012

Complement activation is needed to restore tissue injury; however, inappropriate activation of complement, as seen in chronic wounds can cause cell death and enhance inflammation, thus contributing to further injury and impaired wound healing. Therefore, attenuation of complement activation by specific inhibitors is considered as an innovative wound care strategy. Currently, the effects of several complement inhibitors, for example, the C3 inhibitor compstatin and several C1 and C5 inhibitors, are under investigation in patients with complement-mediated diseases. Although (pre)clinical research into the effects of these complement inhibitors on wound healing is limited, available data indicate that reduction of complement activation can improve wound healing. Moreover, medicine may take advantage of safe and effective agents that are produced by various microorganisms, symbionts, for example, medicinal maggots, and plants to attenuate complement activation. To conclude, for the development of new wound care strategies, (pre)clinical studies into the roles of complement and the effects of application of complement inhibitors in wound healing are required.
A Maximum Principle for Controlled Time‐Symmetric Forward‐Backward Doubly Stochastic Differential Equation with Initial‐Terminal Sate Constraints
Authors: Ji Shaolin , Wei Qingmeng , Zhang Xiumin
Published: December 2012

We study the optimal control problem of a controlled time‐symmetric forward‐backward doubly stochastic differential equation with initial‐terminal state constraints. Applying the terminal perturbation method and Ekeland’s variation principle, a necessary condition of the stochastic optimal control, that is, stochastic maximum principle, is derived. Applications to backward doubly stochastic linear‐quadratic control models are investigated.
Variable EBV DNA Load Distributions and Heterogeneous EBV mRNA Expression Patterns in the Circulation of Solid Organ versus Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Greijer A. E. , Stevens S. J. , Verkuijlen S. A. , Juwana H. , Fleig S. C. , Verschuuren E. A. , Hepkema B. G. , Cornelissen J. J. , Brooimans R. A. , Verdonck L. F. , Middeldorp J. M.
Published: December 2012

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) driven post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a heterogeneous and potentially life-threatening condition. Early identification of aberrant EBV activity may prevent progression to B-cell lymphoma. We measured EBV DNA load and RNA profiles in plasma and cellular blood compartments of stem cell transplant (SCT;n=5), solid organ transplant recipients (SOT;n=15), and SOT having chronic elevated EBV-DNA load(n=12). In SCT, EBV DNA was heterogeneously distributed, either in plasma or leukocytes or both. In SOT, EBV DNA load was always cell associated, predominantly in B cells, but occasionally in T cells (CD4 and CD8) or monocytes. All SCT with cell-associated EBV DNA showed BARTs and EBNA1 expression, while LMP1 and LMP2 mRNA was found in 1 and 3 cases, respectively. In SOT, expression of BARTs was detected in all leukocyte samples. LMP2 and EBNA1 mRNA was found in 5/15 and 2/15, respectively, but LMP1 mRNA in only 1, coinciding with severe PTLD and high EBV DNA. Conclusion: EBV DNA is differently distributed between white cells and plasma in SOT versus SCT. EBV RNA profiling in blood is feasible and may have added value for understanding pathogenic virus activity in patients with elevated EBV-DNA.
Traffic Congestion Evaluation and Signal Control Optimization Based on Wireless Sensor Networks: Model and Algorithms
Authors: Zhang Wei , Tan Guozhen , Ding Nan , Wang Guangyuan
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the model and algorithms for traffic flow data monitoring and optimal traffic light control based on wireless sensor networks. Given the scenario that sensor nodes are sparsely deployed along the segments between signalized intersections, an analytical model is built using continuum traffic equation and develops the method to estimate traffic parameter with the scattered sensor data. Based on the traffic data and principle of traffic congestion formation, we introduce the congestion factor which can be used to evaluate the real‐time traffic congestion status along the segment and to predict the subcritical state of traffic jams. The result is expected to support the timing phase optimization of traffic light control for the purpose of avoiding traffic congestion before its formation. We simulate the traffic monitoring based on the Mobile Century dataset and analyze the performance of traffic light control on VISSIM platform when congestion factor is introduced into the signal timing optimization model. The simulation result shows that this method can improve the spatial‐temporal resolution of traffic data monitoring and evaluate traffic congestion status with high precision. It is helpful to remarkably alleviate urban traffic congestion and decrease the average traffic delays and maximum queue length.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy Toxicity and Management for Men Receiving Radiation Therapy
Authors: Johnson Matthew E. , Buyyounouski Mark K.
Published: December 2012

Androgen deprivation therapy is commonly used in combination with radiotherapy as part of the definitive treatment for men with clinically localized and locally advanced prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation has been associated with a wide range of iatrogenic effects impacting a variety of body systems including metabolic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neurocognitive, and sexual. This review aims to provide the radiation oncology community with the knowledge to monitor and manage androgen deprivation therapy toxicity in an effort to provide the highest level of care for patients and to minimize the iatrogenic effects of androgen deprivation as much as possible.
Evaluation of a Reduced Cost Active NDVI Sensor for Crop Nutrient Management
Authors: Crain Jared , Ortiz-Monasterio Ivan , Raun Bill
Published: December 2012

There are methods to increase fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency through optical sensor-based nitrogen application; however, the sensors are expensive and cost prohibitive to farmers in the developing world. This study evaluated a novel, reduced cost, prototype, and optical sensor to determine if it could be used with the same level of accuracy as a commercial sensor. The stability of the prototype sensor (pocket sensor) to maintain an accurate calibration over time, the effect of operator on sensor readings, and sensor performance in maize and wheat were assessed. Evaluation of the sensor performance was conducted in existing wheat and maize trials, as well as turf grass canopies at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.The prototype sensors were highly correlated to the commercial GreenSeeker NDVI sensor in turf grass, wheat, and maize canopies (r2>0.97,r2>0.95, andr2>0.91, resp.). The Pocket Sensors lacked some precision in comparison to the commercial sensor; however, even with the reduced precision, the cost of the sensor and robustness ofNfertilizer algorithms compensate for this apparent weakness. The pocket sensor is a new and viable tool to assess wheat and maize nitrogen status and make nitrogen recommendations based upon the data collected with this sensor.
The Role of Targeted Focal Therapy in the Management of Low-Risk Prostate Cancer: Update on Current Challenges
Authors: Smith Daniel W. , Stoimenova Diliana , Eid Khadijah , Barqawi Al
Published: December 2012

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among men in the United States, second only to nonmelanomatous skin cancer. Since prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing came into widespread use in the late 1980s, there has been a sharp increase in annual prostate cancer incidence. Cancer-specific mortality, though, is relatively low. The majority of these cancers will not progress to mortal disease, yet most men who are diagnosed opt for treatment as opposed to observation or active surveillance (AS). These men are thus burdened with the morbidities associated with aggressive treatments, commonly incontinence and erectile dysfunction, without receiving a mortality benefit. It is therefore necessary to both continue investigating outcomes associated with AS and to develop less invasive techniques for those who desire treatment but without the significant potential for quality-of-life side effects seen with aggressive modalities. The goals of this paper are to discuss the problems of overdiagnosis and overtreatment since the advent of PSA screening as well as the potential for targeted focal therapy (TFT) to bridge the gap between AS and definitive therapies. Furthermore, patient selection criteria for TFT, costs, side effects, and brachytherapy template-guided three-dimensional mapping biopsies (3DMB) for tumor localization will also be explored.
Effects of Surface Roughness on the Locomotion of a Long-Tailed Lizard,Colobodactylus taunayiAmaral, 1933 (Gymnophthalmidae: Heterodactylini)
Authors: Höfling Elizabeth , Renous Sabine , Curcio Felipe Franco , Eterovic André , Santos Filho Pérsio de Souza
Published: December 2012

We analyzed the locomotor behavior of a long-tailed, forest floor, and leaf litter lizard,Colobodactylus taunayi, a species that retains the generalized GymnophthalmidaeBauplanwhilst presenting the discrete toe reduction associated with theBachia-like pattern of limb reduction. We videotaped individuals moving on four substrates with increasing degrees of roughness: plastic, wooden board, glued sand, and glued gravel. Significantly higher speeds occurred on the last two substrates. As with most other limbed animals, increased speed was significantly correlated with simultaneous increases in both stride length and stride frequency. Independently of the kind of substrate,C. taunayiused rather slow lateral sequence walking trots. In contrast to other ectothermic tetrapods, and especially other Gymnophthalmidae, this species lacked perceptible lateral flexion of either the trunk or the tail to effectuate these slow gaits.
Corrosion of Mechanically Alloyed Nanostructured FeAl Intermetallic Powders
Authors: Torres-Islas A. , Carachure C. , Serna S. , Campillo B. , Rosas G.
Published: December 2012

The corrosion behavior of the Fe40Al60nanostructured intermetallic composition was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) techniques with an innovative electrochemical cell arrangement. The Fe40Al60(% at) intermetallic composition was obtained by mechanical alloying using elemental powders of Fe (99.99%) and Al (99.99%). All electrochemical testing was carried out in Fe40Al60particles that were in water with different pH values. Temperature and test time were also varied. The experimental data was analyzed as an indicator of the monitoring of the particle corrosion current densityicorr. Different oxide types that were formed at surface particle were found. These oxides promote two types of surface corrosion mechanisms: (i) diffusion and (ii) charge transfer mechanisms, which are a function oficorrbehavior of the solution, pH, temperature, and test time. The intermetallic was characterized before and after each test by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the results show that at the surface particles uniform corrosion takes place. These results confirm that it is possible to sense the nanoparticle corrosion behavior by EIS and LPR conventional electrochemical techniques.
Urban Environmental Stress and Behavioral Adaptation in Bhopal City of India
Authors: Rishi Parul , Khuntia Gayatri
Published: December 2012

The study assessed the effect of the urban environmental stress on the subjective well-being of the people in Bhopal city of India. The objectives were to assess the perceived urban environmental stressors and to explore the coping strategies adopted by the people to combat the outcomes of Urban Environmental Stress. Perceived Urban Environmental stressors’ Scale (UES) and Urban Hassle Index were administered. The findings indicated that though people described their city as pleasant, a high level of stress was still perceived and its major reasons were found to be noise, waste accumulation, polluted air with smoke, and unhealthy environment in slums. The outcome of research suggests that the city planners should give equal priority to the natural resources and environment by various pollution management interventions and proper city planning. It is crucial for the well-being of the human beings to lower down the effect of stressors, so that the life in the city can be livable and of good quality. This paper provided guidelines for other metropolitan cities too for developing Environmental Competence and for generating mass awareness about the Urban Environmental Stress and its possible management options to help people develop Environmental Resilience and functional coping.
Analysis of Motivational Elements of Social Games: A Puzzle Match 3-Games Study Case
Authors: Omori Marcel Toshio , Felinto Alan Salvany
Published: December 2012

The main motivational elements of the social network sites and the social network games will be shown according to studies already existent in the literature, highlighting the elements which motivate the players the most to play socialMatch3-type games. Seven games have been analyzed:Diamond Dash,Collapse!Blast,Mystic Ice Blast,Bricks Breaking,Plock,Gem Clix,andBlast!. The results showed that asynchronous time, activities publishing, rewarding system, competition, and social status are the elements which motivate and stimulate the most the players to play.
Existence of Mild Solutions for a Semilinear Integrodifferential Equation with Nonlocal Initial Conditions
Authors: Lizama Carlos , Pozo Juan C.
Published: December 2012

Using Hausdorff measure of noncompactness and a fixed‐point argument we prove the existence of mild solutions for the semilinear integrodifferential equation subject to nonlocal initial conditions , t ∈ [0,1], u(0) = g(u), where A : D(A)⊆X → X, and for every t ∈ [0,1] the maps B(t) : D(B(t))⊆X → X are linear closed operators defined in a Banach space X. We assume further that D(A)⊆D(B(t)) for every t ∈ [0,1], and the functions f : [0,1] × X → X and g : C([0,1]; X) → X are X‐valued functions which satisfy appropriate conditions.
Expression of Angiotensin II Receptor-1 in Human Articular Chondrocytes
Authors: Kawakami Yuki , Matsuo Kosuke , Murata Minako , Yudoh Kazuo , Nakamura Hiroshi , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Beppu Moroe , Inaba Yutaka , Saito Tomoyuki , Kato Tomohiro , Masuko Kayo
Published: December 2012

Background. Besides its involvement in the cardiovascular system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAS) system has also been suggested to play an important role in inflammation. To explore the role of this system in cartilage damage in arthritis, we investigated the expression of angiotensin II receptors in chondrocytes. Methods. Articular cartilage was obtained from patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and traumatic fractures who were undergoing arthroplasty. Chondrocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro with or without interleukin (IL-1). The expression of angiotensin II receptor types 1 (AT1R) and 2 (AT2R) mRNA by the chondrocytes was analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). AT1R expression in cartilage tissue was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The effect of IL-1 on AT1R/AT2R expression in the chondrocytes was analyzed by quantitative PCR and flow cytometry. Results. Chondrocytes from all patient types expressed AT1R/AT2R mRNA, though considerable variation was found between samples. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed AT1R expression at the protein level. Stimulation with IL-1 enhanced the expression of AT1R/AT2R mRNA in OA and RA chondrocytes. Conclusions. Human articular chondrocytes, at least partially, express angiotensin II receptors, and IL-1 stimulation induced AT1R/AT2R mRNA expression significantly.
Basic Plastic Surgery Skills Training Program on Inanimate Bench Models during Medical Graduation
Authors: Denadai Rafael , Toledo Andréia Padilha , Martinhão Souto Luis Ricardo
Published: December 2012

Due to ethical and medical-legal drawbacks, high costs, and difficulties of accessibility that are inherent to the practice of basic surgical skills on living patients, fresh human cadaver, and live animals, the search for alternative forms of training is needed. In this study, the teaching and learning process of basic surgical skills pertinent to plastic surgery during medical education on different inanimate bench models as a form of alternative and complementary training to the teaching programs already established is proposed.
Thirty-Year Periodicity of Cosmic Rays
Authors: Pérez-Peraza Jorge , Velasco Víctor , Libin Igor Ya. , Yudakhin K. F.
Published: December 2012

Cosmogenic isotopes have frequently been employed as proxies of ancient cosmic ray fluxes. On the basis of periodicities of the10Be time series (using data from both the South and North Poles) and the14C time series (with data from Intercal-98), we offer evidence of the existence of cosmic ray fluctuations with a periodicity of around 30 years. Results were obtained by using the wavelet transformation spectral technique, signal reconstruction by autoregressive spectral analysis (ARMA), and the Lomb-Scargle periodogram method. This 30-year periodicity seems to be significant in nature because several solar and climatic indexes exhibit the same modulation, which may indicate that the 30-year frequency of cosmic rays is probably a modulator agent for terrestrial phenomena, reflecting the control source, namely, solar activity.
The General Iterative Methods for Asymptotically Nonexpansive Semigroups in Banach Spaces
Authors: Wangkeeree Rabian , Preechasilp Pakkapon
Published: December 2012

We introduce the general iterative methods for finding a common fixed point of asymptotically nonexpansive semigroups which is a unique solution of some variational inequalities. We prove the strong convergence theorems of such iterative scheme in a reflexive Banach space which admits a weakly continuous duality mapping. The main result extends various results existing in the current literature.
Laser Therapy of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer in Patient with HIV Infection
Authors: Caputo Bruno Vieira , Noro Filho Gilberto Araujo , dos Santos Camila Correia , Okida Yugo , Giovani Elcio Magdalena
Published: December 2012

The recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is a pathological change found in the oral mucosa, characterized by painful single or multiple ulcers. The etiologic aspect of RAU is not well understood; however it is known that due to lower CD4 cell counts patients had higher prevalence of these oral lesions, and immunosuppressed patients with HIV are predisposed. Patient FC is African descent, 26 years old, male, HIV + CD4 67 cells/mm3, with minor RAU in the upper and lower right side lip, measuring about 4 mm, and major RAU in tongue and the tonsillar pillar measuring 2 cm. The patient was treated with laser therapy with the objective to help reverse the damage and decrease the symptoms. After one week there was remission of the lesions. The laser showed to be an important alternative therapy that promoted analgesic, healing effects and improving the quality of life of patients.
Concentration Dependence of Luminescent Properties for Sr2TiO4:Eu3+ Red Phosphor and Its Charge Compensation
Authors: Lu Zhou , Zhang Le , Wang Lixi , Zhang Qitu
Published: December 2012

Sr2TiO4:Eu3+ phosphors using M+ (M = Li+, Na+, and K+) as charge compensators were prepared by the solid‐state reaction. The powders were investigated by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) to study the phase composition, structure, and luminescent properties. The results showed that Li+ ion was the best charge compensator. The phase was Sr2TiO4 when the doping concentration was small (x ≤ 10.0%). When x reached 15.0%, the phase turned into Sr3Ti3O7 because of the structure damage. The phosphor could be effectively excited by ultraviolet (365, 395 nm) and blue light (465 nm), and thenitemitted intense red light that peaked at around 620 nm (5D0→7F2). In addition, the emission of 700 nm (5D0→7F4) enhanced the red light color purity. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of samples with the higher red emission were between (0.650, 0.344) and (0.635, 0.352). Doped layered titanate Sr2TiO4:Eu3+ is a promising candidate red phosphor for white LEDs which can be suited for both near‐UV LED chip and blue LED chip.
A New Technology for Fast Two-Dimensional Detection of Proton Therapy Beams
Authors: Hollebeek Robert , Newcomer Mitch , Mayers Godwin , Delgado Brian , Shukla Gaurav , Maughan Richard , Dolney Derek
Published: December 2012

The Micromesh Gaseous Structure, or Micromegas, is a technology developed for high count-rate applications in high-energy physics experiments. Tests using a Micromegas
chamber and specially designed amplifiers and readout electronics adapted to the requirements of the proton therapy environment and providing both excellent time and high spatial resolution are presented here. The device was irradiated at the Roberts Proton Therapy Center at the University of Pennsylvania. The system was operated with ionization gains between 10 and 200 and in low and intermediate dose-rate beams, and the digitized signal is found to be reproducible to 0.8%. Spatial resolution is determined to be 1.1 mm (1σ) with a 1 ms time resolution. We resolve the range modulator wheel rotational frequency and the thicknesses of its segments and show that this information can be quickly measured owing to the high time resolution of the system. Systems of this type will be extremely useful in future treatment methods involving beams that change rapidly in time and spatial position. The Micromegas design resolves the high dose rate within a proton Bragg peak, and measurements agree with Geant4 simulations to within 5%.
New Laguerre Filter Approximators to the Grünwald‐Letnikov Fractional Difference
Authors: Stanisławski Rafał
Published: December 2012

This paper presents a series of new results in modeling of the Grünwald‐Letnikov discrete‐time fractional difference by means of discrete‐time Laguerre filers. The introduced Laguerre‐based difference (LD) and combined fractional/Laguerre‐based difference (CFLD) are shown to perfectly approximate its fractional difference original, for fractional order α ∈ (0, 2). This paper is culminated with the presentation of finite (combined) fractional/Laguerre‐based difference (FFLD), whose excellent approximation performance is illustrated in simulation examples.
Study on Parameter Optimization Design of Drum Brake Based on Hybrid Cellular Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Hu , Lu Chao
Published: December 2012

In consideration of the significant role the brake plays in ensuring the fast and safe running of vehicles, and since the present parameter optimization design models of brake are far from the practical application, this paper proposes a multiobjective optimization model of drum brake, aiming at maximizing the braking efficiency and minimizing the volume and temperature rise of drum brake. As the commonly used optimization algorithms are of some deficiency, we present a differential evolution cellular multiobjective genetic algorithm (DECell) by introducing differential evolution strategy into the canonical cellular genetic algorithm for tackling this problem. For DECell, the gained Pareto front could be as close as possible to the exact Pareto front, and also the diversity of nondominated individuals could be better maintained. The experiments on the test functions reveal that DECell is of good performance in solving high‐dimension nonlinear multiobjective problems. And the results of optimizing the new brake model indicate that DECell obviously outperforms the compared popular algorithm NSGA‐II concerning the number of obtained brake design parameter sets, the speed, and stability for finding them.
Unsteady Flow Produced by Oscillations of Eccentric Rotating Disks
Authors: Ersoy H. Volkan
Published: December 2012

While the disks are initially rotating eccentrically, the unsteady flow caused by their oscillations in their own planes and in the opposite directions is studied. The analytical solutions to the problem are obtained for both small and large times, and thus the velocity field is determined for every value of time. The variations of all the parameters on the flow are scrutinized by means of the graphical representations. In particular, the effect of the ratio of the frequency of oscillation to the angular velocity of the disks is analyzed. The dependence of the oscillations in both x‐ and y‐directions on the flow is examined. The influence of the Reynolds number is also investigated.
Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis Induced by Tanshinone IIA on Activated Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Pan Tai-Long , Wang Pei-Wen
Published: December 2012

Since the activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is the predominant event in the progression of liver fibrosis, selective clearance of HSC should be a potential strategy in therapy.Salvia miltiorrhizaroots ethanol extract (SMEE) remarkably ameliorates liver fibrogenesis in DMN-administrated rat model. Next, tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), the major compound of SMEE, significantly inhibited rat HSC viability and led to cell apoptosis. Proteome tools elucidated that increased prohibitin is involved in cell cycle arrest under Tan IIA is the treatment while knockdown of prohibitin could attenuate Tan IIA-induced apoptosis. In addition, Tan IIA mediated translocation of C-Raf which interacted with prohibitin activating MAPK and inhibiting AKT signaling in HSC. MAPK antagonist suppressed ERK phosphorylation which was necessary for Tan IIA-induced expression of Bax and cytochrome c. PD98059 also abolished Tan IIA-modulated cleavage of PARP. Our findings suggested that Tan IIA could contribute to apoptosis of HSC by promoting ERK-Bax-caspase pathways through C-Raf/prohibitin complex.
Heat Diffusion in Klinker Facade: The Study Case of a Gio Ponti Building
Authors: Ludwig N. , Rosina E. , Caglio S. , Gargano M. , Redaelli V.
Published: December 2012

The researchers focus on the IRT procedure of heat diffusion in ceramic finishing materials of contemporary architecture. The aim of the research is the development of a method for the thermal characterization of clinkers, a very common ceramic finishing material of buildings. The first experimental phase was performed in laboratory on clinkers of different shapes, thickness, colors, and glazing surface. The researchers determined two characteristic parameters related to thickness and thermal conductivity, by the interpolation of the heating curve in function of time with an analytical curve (resulted from a particular solution of Fourier’s equation). This curve allows to obtain a parameter characteristic of the material of the specimens under investigation. At present time, the researchers have been studying the correlation between this parameter and the damage level in the specimens; they will be testing the model on real-scale study cases in the second experimental phase.
RAS in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia and Eclampsia
Authors: Rodriguez M. , Moreno J. , Hasbun J.
Published: December 2012

Preeclampsia is a common disease of pregnancy characterized by the presence of hypertension and commitment of many organs, including the brain, secondary to generalized endothelial dysfunction. Its etiology is not known precisely, but it involved several factors, highlighting the renin angiotensin system (RAS), which would have an important role in the origin of multisystem involvement. This paper reviews the evidence supporting the involvement of RAS in triggering the disease, in addition to the components of this system that would be involved and how it eventually produces brain engagement.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Nontranslated Sequence Variant of the Human Intestinal Di-/Tripeptide Transporter, hPEPT1
Authors: Søndergaard Helle Bach , Nielsen Carsten Uhd , Brodin Birger
Published: December 2012

The human H+-coupled di-/tripeptide transporter (hPEPT1) mediates intestinal absorption of dietary di- and tripeptides, as well as several peptidomimetic drug compounds. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of the hPEPT1 variant hPEPT1-RF in hPEPT1 regulation. However, the proposed hPEPT1-RF mRNA sequence could not be detected in Caco-2 cells or in human intestinal samples. Instead, a new sequence variant, hPEPT1-RFI, was found, which is almost identical to the proposed hPEPT1-RF, except for two nucleotide insertions and one deletion that resulted in a changed open reading frame as compared to hPEPT1-RF. In vitro translation analysis showed that hPEPT1-RFI was not translated. In conclusion, the existence of hPEPT1-RF could not be confirmed; furthermore, the identified sequence variant, hPEPT1-RFI, does not appear to be translated and is therefore unlikely to have a regulatory effect on hPEPT1 transport activity.
Improving Interactions between a Power-Assist Robot System and Its Human User in Horizontal Transfer of Objects Using a Novel Adaptive Control Method
Authors: Rahman S. M. Mizanoor , Ikeura Ryojun
Published: December 2012

Power assist systems are usually used for rehabilitation, healthcare, and so forth.This paper puts emphasis on the use of power assist systems for object transfer and thus brings a novelty in the power-assist applications. However, the interactions between the systems and the human users are usually not satisfactory because human features are not included in the control design. In this paper, we present the development of a 1-DOF power assist system for horizontal transfer of objects. We included human features such as weight perception in the system dynamics and control. We then simulated the system using MATLAB/Simulink for transferring objects with it and (i) determined the optimum maneuverability conditions for object transfer, (ii) determined psychophysical relationships between actual and perceived weights, and (iii) analyzed load forces and motion features. We then used the findings to design a novel adaptive control scheme to improve the interactions between the user and the system. We implemented the novel control (simulated the system again using the novel control), the subjects evaluated the system, and the results showed that the novel control reduced the excessive load forces and accelerations and thus improved the human-system interactions in terms of maneuverability, safety, and so forth. Finally, we proposed to use the findings to develop power assist systems for manipulating heavy objects in industries that may improve interactions between the systems and the users.
Simulations of Muon Flux in Slanic Salt Mine
Authors: Bektasoglu Mehmet , Arslan Halil , Stanca Denis
Published: December 2012

Geant4 simulation package was used to simulate muon fluxes at different locations, the floor of UNIREA mine and two levels of CANTACUZINO mine, of Slanic Prahova site in Romania. This site is specially important since it is one of the seven sites in Europe that are under consideration of housing large detector components of Large Apparatus studying Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics (LAGUNA) project. Simulations were performed for vertical muons and for muons with a zenith angleθ≤60°. Primary muon flux and energies at ground level were obtained from previous measurements. Results of the simulations are in general agreement with previous simulations made using MUSIC simulation program and with the measurements made using a mobile detector.
Quorum Systems towards an Asynchronous Communication in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Romaszko Sylwia , Mähönen Petri
Published: December 2012

This paper reviews quorum systems (QS) from
the perspective of cognitive radio networks. Quorum systems
were originally developed for and widely used in the scope
of operating systems. Recently, quorum systems have been also
started to be applied to wireless communications. The objective
of this paper is threefold. First, the paper provides survey and
guidance on the use of quorum systems. Second,
it shows that QS properties provide an interesting alternative
towards an asynchronous communication in cognitive radio ad
hoc networks (CRANs). Due to properties of quorum systems it is
possible to establish CRANs without employing a common control
channel (CCC), perfect synchronization, or central controller
architecture. QS properties can be efficiently utilized to handle
the rendezvous (RDV) problem in CRANs. New RDV protocols
must be designed in such a way that there is a guarantee that
all nodes meet periodically within reasonable periods of time.
Since pseudorandom solutions do not provide this guarantee,
systematic approaches are needed such as QSs. Third, we also
propose a novel distributed RDV protocol, MtQS‐DSrdv, which
is based on mirror torus QS and difference set concepts. The
proposed protocol guarantees RDVs on all available channels
while CR nodes have the same channel set.
Asymptotic Behavior of Bifurcation Curve for Sine‐Gordon‐Type Differential Equation
Authors: Shibata Tetsutaro
Published: December 2012

We consider the nonlinear eigenvalue problems for the equation −u″(t) + sin u(t) = λu(t), u(t) > 0, t ∈ I = :(0, 1), u(0) = u(1) = 0, where λ > 0 is a parameter. It is known that for a given ξ > 0, there exists a unique solution pair with . We establish the precise asymptotic formulas for bifurcation curve λ(ξ) as ξ → ∞ and ξ → 0 to see how the oscillation property of sin u has effect on the behavior of λ(ξ). We also establish the precise asymptotic formula for bifurcation curve λ(α)   to show the difference between λ(ξ) and λ(α).
Vitamin D Receptor, Retinoid X Receptor, Ki-67, Survivin, and Ezrin Expression in Canine Osteosarcoma
Authors: Davies John , Heeb Heather , Garimella Rama , Templeton Kimberly , Pinson David , Tawfik Ossama
Published: December 2012

Canine osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant bone tumor. Prognosis is primarily determined by clinical parameters. Vitamin D has been postulated as a novel therapeutic option for many malignancies. Upon activation, vitamin D receptors (VDRs) combine with retinoid receptor (RXR) forming a heterodimer initiating a cascade of events. Vitamin D's antineoplastic activity and its mechanism of action in OS remain to be clearly established. Expression of VDR, RXR, Ki-67, survivin, and ezrin was studied in 33 archived, canine OS specimens. VDR, RXR, survivin, and ezrin were expressed in the majority of cases. There was no statistically significant difference in VDR expression in relationship with tumor grade, type, or locations or animal breed, age, and/or sex. No significant association (p=0.316) between tumor grade and Ki-67 expression was found; in particular, no difference in Ki-67 expression between grades 2 and 3 OSs was found, while a negative correlation was noted between Ki-67 and VDR expression (ρ=−0.466), a positive correlation between survivin and RXR expression was found (p=0.374). A significant relationship exists between VDR and RXR expression in OSs and proliferative/apoptosis markers. These results establish a foundation for elucidating mechanisms by which vitamin D induces antineoplastic activity in OS.
Applying a Goal Programming Model to Support the Selection of Artifacts in a Testing Process
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Andreia , Rodrigues de Almeida Júnior Fernando , Pinheiro Placido Rogerio
Published: December 2012

This paper proposes the definition of a goal programming model for the selection of artifacts to be developed during a testing process, so that the set of selected artifacts is more viable to the reality of micro and small enterprises. This model was based on the IEEE Standard 829, which establishes a set of artifacts that must be generated throughout the test activities. Several factors can influence the definition of this set of artifacts. Therefore, in order to consider such factors, we developed a multicriteria model that helps in determining the priority of artifacts according to the reality of micro and small enterprises.
Open SystemC Simulator with Support for Power Gating Design
Authors: Silveira George Sobral , Brito Alisson V. , Oliveira Helder F. de A. , Melcher Elmar U. K.
Published: December 2012

Power gating is one of the most efficient power consumption reduction techniques. However, when applied in several different parts of a complex design, functional verification becomes a challenge. Lately, the verification process of this technique has been executed in a Register-Transfer Level (RTL) abstraction, based on the Common Power Format (CPF) and the Unified Power Format (UPF). The purpose of this paper is to present an OSCI SystemC simulator with support to the power gating design. This simulator is an alternative to assist the functional verification accomplishment of systems modeled in RTL. The possibility of controlling the retention and isolation of power gated functional block (PGFB) is presented in this work, turning the simulations more stable and accurate. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the new features of that simulator.
Biophysical Characteristics of Meridians and Acupoints: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Juan , Wang Qing , Liang Huiling , Dong Haoxu , Li Yan , Ng Ernest Hung Yu , Wu Xiaoke
Published: December 2012

As an integral part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), acupuncture is a convenient and effective therapy with fewer adverse effects. Recently, researches on meridian essence have become core issues of modern TCM. Numerous experiments have demonstrated the objective existence of meridians by different technologies since 1950s, such as biophysics, biochemistry, and molecular biology. In this paper, we review biophysical studies on electric, acoustic, thermal, optical, magnetic, isotopic, and myoelectric aspects of meridians and acupoints. These studies suggest that meridians/acupoints have biophysical characteristics which are different from nonacupuncture points. Owing to the limitations of previous studies, future research using high-throughput technologies such as omics and multicenter randomized controlled trials should be performed to explore the acupuncture’s mechanisms of action and demonstration of efficacy.
Design for the Damping of a Railway Collector Based on the Application of Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Bocciolone M. , Carnevale M. , Collina A. , Lecis N. , Lo Conte A. , Previtali B. , Biffi C. A. , Bassani P. , Tuissi A.
Published: December 2012

A new design of a Cu based SMA/GFRP lateral horn of a railway collector is proposed. Synergistic contribution of the performance parameters associated with the SMA, including specific damping, specific stiffness, and volume fraction, as well as those associated with the host composite such as flexural rigidity, SMA through-the-thickness location, and SMA-host interfacial strength, is taken into account. The aim is to increase the structural damping of the first flexural mode of the horn without significantly changing its flexural stiffness and weight. The focus of this work also applies to manufacturability and the cost effectiveness of the component for future industrial production.
The Treg/Th17 Imbalance in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome
Authors: Ye Jin , Liu Hui , Zhang Gehua , Li Peng , Wang Zhiyuan , Huang Shaotong , Yang Qintai , Li Yuan
Published: December 2012

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic inflammatory disease regulated by T lymphocytes. Our purpose is to assess the pattern of Th17 cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood of patients with OSAS. Fourty-four OSAS men and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Twenty-three patients were classified into mild to moderate group and 21 cases were classified into severe group according to the severity of OSAS. We detected the frequencies of Th17 and Treg and related serum cytokines secretion and expressions of key transcription factors. OSAS patients revealed significant increase in peripheral Th17 number, Th17-related cytokines (IL-17 and IL-6), and RORγt mRNA levels. They also presented a significant decrease in Treg number, Treg-related cytokines (TGF-β1), and Foxp3 mRNA levels as compared with normal persons. As a result, the Th17/Treg ratios were markedly more upregulated in OSAS patients than those in control group. Furthermore, the Th17/Treg ratio was positively related to the severity of OSAS and serum levels of C-reactive protein. The development of OSAS may be associated with peripheral Th17/Treg imbalance and characterized by a proinflammatory cytokine microenvironment. These results opened an alternative explanation for the substantial activation of immune cells in OSAS and the development of related complications.
Study on Vehicle Track Model in Road Curved Section Based on Vehicle Dynamic Characteristics
Authors: Yuan-Yuan Ren , Hong-Wei Zhao , Xian-Sheng Li , Xue-Lian Zheng
Published: December 2012

Plenty of experiments and data analysis of vehicle track type in road curved section show that the deviation and the crossing characteristics of vehicle track paths are directly related to the driving stability and security. In this connection, the concept of driving trajectory in curved section was proposed, six track types were classified and defined, and furthermore their characteristic features were determined. Most importantly, considering curve geometry and vehicle dynamic characteristics, each trajectory model was established, respectively, and the optimum driving trajectory models were finally determined based on the crucial factors of vehicle yaw rate, which was also the most important factor that impacts vehicle’s handling stability. Through it all, MATLAB was used to simulate and verify the correctness of models. Finally, this paper comes to the conclusion that normal trajectory and cutting trajectory are the optimum driving trajectories.
The Role of Ultrasound and Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Subcutaneous Esophageal Bypass in a Dysphagic Patient
Authors: Vetere Simone , Mennini Maria Luisa , Pironi Daniele , Brighi Manuela , Pontone Stefano
Published: December 2012

Several conditions require subcutaneous colon bypass surgery in the esophageal diseases treatment. Esophageal reconstructions are high risk procedures because of their morbidity and mortality rate. Cervical anastomotic strictures, colon transplant redundancy, recurrent dysphagia, intestinal obstruction, regurgitation, and aspiration are the most frequent late complications. The patient assessment should be performed with noninvasive methods in order to prevent long-term complications. We report the use of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) for evaluating a dysphagic patient, after subcutaneous esophageal bypass. A thorax and upper abdomen contrast media CT study with volume rendering reconstruction was performed in order to evaluate late post operative complications. In addition a US examination, performed after CT scan, was used for the assessment of the colonic wall and its vascularization. The subcutaneous esophageal bypass allowed for an effective ultrasound evaluation with no additional discomfort for the patient. ultrasonography has been shown effective in the esophageal bypass follow up, when subcutaneous colon bypass surgery was performed. The ultrasonography evaluation, also thanks to a Doppler flowmetry, allowed completing the patient assessment without additional invasive procedures or contrast. Thus it may be performed as a first level evaluation or in the follow up of subcutaneous esophageal bypass patients.