bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РУСЬ НА КАРТЕ МИРА ИСЛАМСКИХ ГЕОГРАФОВ Х ВЕКА
Authors: Коновалова И.Г.
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена анализу сведений о Руси арабских географов X в. ал-Истахри и Ибн Хаукала, сочинения которых структурно состоят из двух частей картографической и текстовой. В картографическую часть входят круглая карта мира и 20 прямоугольных карт карты Индийского океана, Средиземного и Каспийского морей, а также 17 карт различных провинций Халифата. Текстовая часть составлена как комментарий к картам: во введении, имеющем концептуальный характер, дается обзор системы мировых империй с входящими в них странами и народами мира, а в основной части помещено описание объектов, изображенных на 20 упомянутых картах. Картографическую, концептуальную и описательную части сочинений в историографии принято рассматривать по отдельности, хотя они все характеризуют один и тот же объект, различаясь лишь масштабом и формой изложения. Так, о Руси говорится в различных контекстах: на круглой карте Русь показана как одна из стран мира во введении как часть византийского имперского пространства в основной части сочинения (в разделе, посвященном описанию Каспийского моря) как самостоятельное государство, состоящее их трех областей. Проведенный в статье сравнительный анализ информации арабских географов о Руси вскрывает механизм формирования образа страны и ее позиционирования в системе мировых империй.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of information about Old Rus on the maps and texts of Arab geographers of the 10th century al-Iakhr and Ibn awqal. Their works are structurally composed of two parts cartographic and textual. The cartographic part includes a round world map and twenty rectangular maps maps of the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean and Caspian Seas, as well as seventeen maps of various provinces of the Caliphate. The textual part is composed as a commentary on the maps: the introduction gives a conceptual overview of the world system of empires, states, lands and peoples, followed by a description of the twenty above-mentioned objects drawn on the maps. Three parts of the treatise cartographic, conceptual and descriptive are usually considered separately from each other, despite the fact that they all characterize the same object, only on a different scale and in different ways. Thus, Rus is depicted in various contexts on the round map it appears as one of the countries of the world in the introduction it is conceptualized as a part of the Byzantine imperial space in the main part of the work (in the section describing the Caspian Sea) it is shown as an independent state consisting of three units. The comparative analysis of the information of Arab geographers about Old Rus reveals the mechanism of forming the image of the country and its positioning in the system of world empires.
ПРОСТРАНСТВО И “СЛЕДЫ” РЕНЕССАНСАЕВГЕНИЙ АНАНЬИН И ДЖОВАННИ ПАПИНИ
Authors: Ларокка Д.
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена культурным связям между русским исследователем Ренессанса Евгением Ананьиным (18881965) и итальянским академиком Джованни Папини (18811956). В центре внимания дискуссия о значении Ренессанса. Контакты между ними, вероятно, восходят к началу 1930-х, когда Папини был одним из ведущих интеллектуалов, а в конце 1930-х стал директором Национального Центра Ренессанса во Флоренции. Еще в 1913 г. Ананьин изучал историю Ренессанса в Италии, он опубликовал статьи о Пико делла Мирандола в ведущих итальянских науч-ных журналах и монографию G. Pico della Mirandola. Sincretismo religioso-filosofico. 14631494 (Bari, 1937), которая имела большой резонанс. Его взгляд на Ренессанс отличался от теории Буркхардта (в то время признанной в Италии) и проливал свет на тесную связь между Средневековьем и Возрождением. Судя по нескольким неопубликованным письмам Ананьина и его жены, адресованным Папини, их отношения рано прекратились, и Папини, следуя за Бенедетто Кроче, решительно противостоял любой анти-Буркхардтовской интерпретации Ренессанса.

This article deals with the cultural relationships between the Russian scholar of Renaissance Evgenij Ananin (18881965) and the Italian academic Giovanni Papini (18811956) with a particular attention to the discussion on the significance of the Renaissance. Ananin probably got in contact with Papini during the early 1930s, when the Italian writer was one of the main intellectual figures, becoming in 1937 the director of the National Centre for Renaissance in Florence. Once in Italy (from 1913) Ananin had studied the history of Renaissance with a focus on Pico della Mirandola, publishing articles in the most prominent Italian academic journals and monography G. Pico della Mirandola. Sincretismo religioso-filosofico. 14631494 (Bari, 1937) which had a great resonance. His idea on Renaissance was completely different to the Burckhardt theory (at that time accepted in Italy) and sheds light on the crucial link between Middle Ages and Renaissance. According to some unpublished letters by Ananin and his wife, Ivette, addressed to Papini it is clear that their relationship early ended and that Papini, following Benedetto Croce, strongly opposed to each anti-Burchkardt interpretation on Renaissance.
ПРОСТРАНСТВА СОВЕТСКОГО ВЛИЯНИЯВ ВОСПОМИНАНИЯХ ВЕТЕРАНОВ ЛОКАЛЬНЫХ ВОЙНВ АФРИКЕ (1960–1980-е гг.)
Authors: Григорьева С.В.
Published: December 2024

В статье анализируются рассказы бывших военных специалистов СССР, проходивших службу на Африканском континенте и формировавших т.н. пространства советского влияния в Африке на протяжении 19601980-х гг. Автор характеризует общие закономерности восприятия этих пространств ветеранами локальных войн и специфические особенности их понимания отдельными советскими военнослужащими, выявляет основные географические ориентиры и зоны советского военного присутствия в странах континента в период холодной войны.

The article analyzes the space of soviet influence in Africa in the 1960s-1980s, relevant for former soviet military specialists, discussed and reflected by them on the pages of their memories. The author characterizes the general patterns of perception of these spaces by veterans of local wars and the specific features of their understanding by individual soviet soldiers, identifies the main geographical landmarks and areas of the soviet military presence in the continent during the Сold war.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ РАБОТ Ш. НОГМОВА И ХАН-ГИРЕЯВ ИЗУЧЕНИИ ЛОКАЛЬНОЙ ИСТОРИИ АДЫГОВ
Authors: Харитонов Е.М. , Кошокова С.Я. , Салчинкина А.Р.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются работы адыгских просветителей первой половины XIXв. Ш.Ногмов в Истории адыхейского народа опирался на фольклорные источники кабардинские сказания и предания, и освещал вопросы этногенеза адыгов, религиозной идентичности, социальной структуры кабардинского общества. Хан-Гирей в Записках о Черкесии исследовал происхождение адыгских племен, их этнонимы, особенности общественного строя, хозяйственной и духовной культуры. Авторы провели сравнительный анализ работ просветителей между собой и с текстами ученых, путешественников и представителей российской администрации на Кавказе.

The authors consider works by Sh.B. Nogmov and Khan-Giray the Adyghe educators of the first half of the 19th c. The History of Adyghe People and Sketches on Cherkessia, respectively, in terms of their historiographical significance for the development of Russian Caucasology. The article shows that Nogmov relied on the folklore sources, Kabardian tales and legends in particular, and covered issues of the ethnogenesis of Adyghe people, religious affiliation, social structure and organization of Kabardian society. Khan-Giray has tried to use different types of sources: spoken, folklore, toponymic, linguistic but above all historiographical ones. He not only researched the origin of Adyghe tribes and their ethnonyms, the features of socio-political system and social differences, but also the specific nature of economic, spiritual and moral culture of the Adyghe people. The article also demonstrates the comparative analysis of the texts of the Adyghe educators among themselves as well as with the studies of scientists, travelers and representatives of the Russian administration in the Caucasus that existed at the time.
КРЕСТЬЯНСКИЙ ВОПРОС В РОССИИ (1766–1861)
Authors: Чернов С.Л.
Published: December 2024

Пересматривая типичные историографические оценки дореформенной сословной политики самодержавия, автор исследует два взаимосвязанных комплекса тем: 1)происхождение, содержание, характер, технологии решения и место крестьянского вопроса в структуре социально-экономических и политических процессов 2)пред-посылки, причины, задачи и последствия реформы 1861 г., разработка ее философской и технологической сторон. Автор полагает необходимым отделить реформу от предыдущих попыток решения крестьянского вопроса, формулирует концепцию двух реформ и приглашает к дискуссии по проблемам социальной политики самодержавия XVIII первой половины XIX века и генезиса капитализма.

The article deals with a peasants issue as one of the key aspects of the Russian class system genesis (17661861). The authors analysis envisages two linked topics in complex: 1) origin, contents, character, decision-making technologies and place of the peasant issue in overall structure of socio-economic and political processes back then 2) background, reasons, targets and consequences of the peasant reform in 1861, in particular, development of its philosophical and technological components. Authors reconsider pre-reform class autocratic policy typical of historiography, including but not limited to reform characteristic in 1861. Namely, supreme power has initiated the peasant issue led by purely political goals, therefore being artificial. Authors believe it necessary to distinguish 1861 reform from previous attempts to resolve this issue by defining the concept of two reforms. Authors opinions invite discussions on problematics of social policy and capitalistic genesis in the XVIIIth and the first half of the XIX centuries.
ОПЫТ ПРОФЕССОРА ДЮЛЫ СВАКА (к выходу в свет книги: Дюла СВАК. Опыт микроисториографии)
Authors: Болдин В.А. , Ширинянц А.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье, посвященной творчеству всемирно известного историка-русиста, основателя и руководителя Центра русистики Будапештского университета имени Лоранда Этвеша, почетного доктора Российской академии наук, профессора Дюлы Свака, очередная книга которого Опыт микроисториографии вышла в 2019 г. в московском издательстве Аквилон , предпринята попытка охарактеризовать опыт профессора Дюлы Свака как ученого-интеллигента, осознающего важность своей роли в обществе и потому проявляющего исследовательскую смелость при выборе тем и постановке научных вопросов, строящего своеобразные культурные мосты не только между различными историческими школами, но и нашими странами.

The article devoted to the work of an outstanding Hungarian scientist, world-famous specialist in Russias history, founder and director of the Center for Russian Studies at the Etvs Lornd University (ELTE), honorary doctor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Gyula Szvk (born in 1953), whose new book Experience of Microhistoriography was published by Aquilo Publishing House (Moscow, 2019). In the article authors make an attempt to characterize the experience of Professor Gyula Szvk as an intellectual scientist who is aware of the importance of his role in society and therefore shows a researcher courage in choosing topics and posing scientific questions. Szvk occupies a balanced Anti-Russophobic position and builds unique cultural bridges not only between different historical approaches, but also between our countries.
«ИСТОРИЮ МОЖНО ВОССОЗДАТЬ ЛИШЬ… ПЕРЕЖИВ ЕЕ В СЕБЕ Размышления над книгой А. В. Гордона «Историки железного века»
Authors: Корзун В.П.
Published: December 2024

Речь идет о новой книге известного историка А.В. Гордона Историки железного века . Книга состоит из девяти очерков, посвященных Г.С. Фридлянду, Я.В. Старосельскому, Я.М. Захеру, Б.Ф. Поршневу, Е.В. Тарле, А.З. Манфреду, В.М. Далину, В.С. Алексееву-Попову, С.Л. Сытину, А.В. Адо. Через призму научных биографий создается общая картина советского историознания Французской революции. Вре-цензии отмечается: 1) новаторство автора в создании особого историографического жанра, предметом его исследования является не только научная деятельность, но и жизненный мир его героев, укорененность их деятельности в повседневном бытии, жесткой социальной реальности 2)особое внимание к революционной традиции, обеспечивающей внутреннее единство историографического процесса 3)проблема-тизация фигуры самого автора-исследователя и биографа.

This article is devoted to reflection on a new book by the famous historian of the Great French Revolution A.V.Gordon Historians of the Iron Age. The book consists of nine essays dedicated G.S. Friedland, I.V. Staroselskomu, Ya.M. Zaheru, B.F. Porshnevu, E.V.Tarle, A.Z.Manfred, V.M.Dalin, V.S.Alekseev-Popov, S.L.Sytin, A.V.Ado. Gordon created a picture general picture of the Soviet historical studies of the French bourgeois revolution analyzed scientific biographies of this historians. The review notes, firstly, the authors innovation in creating a special historiographic genre. A.V. Gordon works in the space of the historiographic frontier, the subject of his research is not only scientific activities, but also the life world of his characters, rootedness of their activities in everyday life, harsh social reality. Secondly, the author of present paper marks of special attention to the revolutionary tradition that ensures the internal unity of the historiographic process. And finally, the problematization of the figure of the author-researcher and biographer himself is another feature of this book mentioned in the review.
Dignidade e Bem Estar: A Importância do Lazer, Saúde Mental e Higiene para Pessoas em Situação de Rua
Authors: Santana Shayna Aguiar , Melo Bruna Duarte , Lima Gabriela Flores , Moreno Guilherme Andrade Soares , Souza João Carlos da Silva , De Souza Varges João Victor , Oliveira Jorge Meira , Pinheiro ⁠Luiza Botelho , Melo Maria Júlia Oliveira Ferraz De , Abreu Raoní  Fraga , Lima Artur Almeida , Ferreira Juliana Barros
Published: December 2024

O projeto “Dignidade e Bem-Estar: A Importância do Lazer, Saúde Mental e Higiene para Pessoas em Situação de Rua” foi realizado em uma Associação Comunitária, localizada em Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. A iniciativa visou promover saúde, inclusão social e conscientização sobre higiene pessoal para pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade. As atividades incluíram oficinas de plantio, jogos e teatro educativo, além da distribuição de kits de higiene, proporcionando momentos de lazer e autocuidado. Métodos participativos, como dinâmicas práticas, foram utilizadas para atender às necessidades do público-alvo. O projeto destacou-se pelo engajamento do público, pela conscientização sobre higiene e pelo fortalecimento da autoestima e saúde mental dos participantes. A utilização de materiais recicláveis reforçou a sustentabilidade, enquanto os acadêmicos envolvidos desenvolveram habilidades como empatia e comunicação, essenciais para a formação humanizada. Apesar de desafios logísticos e na manutenção do interesse, a iniciativa gerou impacto positivo na comunidade, promovendo saúde e solidariedade.
O Papel da Epigenética na Periodontite: da Patobiologia às Novas Terapias
Authors: Picone Fernanda Cristina Silva , Leite Anne Carolina e
Published: December 2024

O estudo investigou o papel dos mecanismos epigenéticos, como a metilação do DNA, modificações nas histonas e a regulação por microRNAs, na patobiologia da periodontite. A pesquisa baseou-se em uma revisão de literatura conduzida na base de dados PubMed, abrangendo trabalhos publicados ao longo das últimas duas décadas, que analisaram conceitos clássicos e inovadores sobre como fatores ambientais e comportamentais, como tabagismo e dieta, podem alterar processos epigenéticos, impactando a resposta inflamatória e imunológica do hospedeiro e contribuindo para a progressão da doença. O referencial teórico destaca a interação entre epigenética, disbiose e destruição tecidual, ampliando a compreensão da fisiopatologia da periodontite. Os resultados indicam que mudanças epigenéticas não apenas intensificam a inflamação e a destruição tecidual, mas também abrem novas perspectivas para o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas inovadoras baseadas na epigenética para o controle e prevenção da doença. Conclui-se que uma abordagem integrativa, que considere fatores epigenéticos e ambientais, é crucial para o avanço no manejo da periodontite.
Letramento em Saúde Bucal entre Idosos: Uma Revisão Narrativa
Authors: Oliveira Fabíola Belkiss Santos de , Silva Sérgio Luis Boaventura da , Oliveira Michelle Pimenta , Diogo AnaTereza Silva e , Sales Marinilza Soares Mota , Santos Júlia Maria Moreira , Andrade Maurício Alves de , Assunção Élida Lúcia Ferreira
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho avaliou a importância do letramento em saúde bucal (LSB) entre os idosos. Populações idosas enfrentam muitas barreiras para receber cuidados odontológicos. Exemplos dessas barreiras incluem baixos níveis de educação, baixos níveis de renda, falta de plano odontológico, estado de saúde precário e a crença de que não precisam de cuidados odontológicos. O LSB é uma preocupação crítica diretamente relacionada ao incentivo pessoal, à compreensão relacionada à saúde bucal (SB) e à capacidade de usar evidências de SB para tomar uma decisão razoável sobre promoção, prevenção e utilização de cuidados de SB. Além disso, o LSB é usado para avaliar a capacidade das pessoas de adquirir, processar e entender informações essenciais sobre SB, incluindo os recursos necessários para realizar os cuidados de SB apropriados. Problemas de SB entre idosos são importantes problemas de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. Cuidados precários com a SB entre idosos são vistos no alto nível de perda de dentes, cáries dentárias e prevalência de doenças periodontais, que têm grande impacto na qualidade de vida e levam ao aumento de despesas odontológicas e médicas. O comportamento de SB entre idosos é uma questão importante dentro da saúde pública. Muitos aspectos devem ser considerados ao avaliar a saúde dos idosos, incluindo comportamentos de saúde, conhecimento de saúde e outros fatores relacionados. Além disso, o LSB, a autoeficácia e o apoio social têm um impacto significativo nos comportamentos de SB dos idosos.
Evaluation of Different Methods for Obtaining Odontometry: Radiography, Digital Radiography and Electronic Apex Locator
Authors: Noronha Thiago Pompeu , Garrido Ângela Delfina
Published: December 2024

Endodontic treatment, popularly known as root canal treatment, is a procedure that aims to eliminate infections inside the tooth and save teeth that would otherwise need to be extracted. Endodontics treats the internal part of the tooth, which includes the pulp. As it is an interdependent treatment, all its stages are interconnected and are essential for proper filling. Odontometry is a very important phase of endodontic therapy responsible for determining the length of the tooth. Many methods have been used in an attempt to clinically determine, with maximum precision, the length of the root canals. Several studies have already studied the different methods for obtaining odontometry, however, there is a lack of studies simultaneously comparing the three methods of determining odontometry (conventional, digital and electronic). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the accuracy of three methods: conventional radiography with the Spectro 70 KVp and 8 mA X-ray device (Dabi Atlante, Brazil) and E-Speed ​​film (Kodak) at an exposure time of 0.2 seconds, digital radiography with CDR – computerized dental radiography (Schick Technologies Inc., NY, USA) and electronic odontometry with the Bingo 1020 apex locator (Forum). The results were analyzed by the chi-square test with Yates correction and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The method that obtained the best index was the electronic one, followed by the conventional and digital ones, presenting respectively the concordances of 55%, IC95% (31.5 - 76.9), 40%, IC95% (19.1 - 63.9) and 25%, IC95% (8.7 - 49.1) in comparison with the control group, with a statistically significant difference at the 5% level. The variations existing in the methods used indicate that the electronic apex locator was the one that presented the best concordance, being the most reliable, in relation to the control group. Funding Agency: CNPq
A Eficácia da Vacina do HPV no Brasil
Authors: Costa Barbara Machado da , Assumpção Jessica dos Santos de , Fonseca Luiza Helena Gomes , Mendonça Ana Carolina da Fonseca
Published: December 2024

A vacina contra o HPV está disponível pelo SUS desde 2014 e é fundamental na prevenção da infecção pelo vírus e de cânceres associados a ele. No Brasil, utiliza-se a vacina quadrivalente, mas a adesão permanece baixa, o que dificulta a ampliação da cobertura vacinal. Este estudo realizou uma revisão de literatura sobre a eficácia da vacina no Brasil, com base em artigos publicados entre 2014 e 2024, dos quais 20 foram selecionados. O objetivo foi avaliar as faixas etárias indicadas para a vacinação, as formas de uso e os tipos de vacina disponíveis no país, além de identificar os fatores que contribuem para a baixa adesão, como a influência de grupos antivacina, a incompletude do esquema vacinal e a disseminação de fake news. Constatou-se que a vacina é eficaz em todas as faixas etárias, sendo mais duradoura quando administrada antes da exposição ao vírus. A vacinação preventiva mostrou-se mais eficaz do que a terapêutica, e as três vacinas disponíveis no Brasil são eficazes contra o HPV.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RARE SUBMANDIBULAR SIALOLITH OF EXUBERANT DIMENSIONS
Authors: Miranda Pereira Marianna , Goncalves da Silva Karen , Frota de Castro Mariana , Francine Fagundes Marques Daniely , Barbosa Oliveira Nathanael , de Medeiros Franca Yasmin , Souto Lima Mariana , Costa de Moura Luiz Felipe , Gomes de Lucena Tiago , Luiz Schneider De Lima Gabriel , Gaspar Prates Luana , Vitor Dias Andrade Joao , Jarlison Morais Oliveira Bezerra Jesse , Karolyne Grando Silveira Anna
Published: December 2024

Sialolithiasis is characterized by the formation of stones that obstruct the salivary ducts, leading to inflammation, infection, and reduced salivary flow. Etiopathogenesis is currently unknown, but evidence suggests an interaction with the chemical composition of saliva, specifically due to the combination of various electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphates. The stones are generally unilateral, with a higher prevalence in the submandibular gland. Clinical and radiographic exams are essential for diagnosis, with CT and MRI serving as auxiliary methods in cases where stones are not visible in conventional X-rays. Treatment varies depending on the size and location of the stone, ranging from conservative measures like salivary stimulation and compresses to surgical interventions. The aim of this study was to report a rare case of an extensive sialolith with a minimally invasive approach. A female patient sought the maxillofacial surgery service reporting swelling in the floor of the mouth region and difficulty chewing. During the physical examination, hardening of anatomical structures on the right side was identified. Complementary exams, such as occlusal radiography, revealed a symmetric radiopaque area of 35.8 mm, confirming the presence of a remarkably large salivary stone in the duct of the submandibular gland. The treatment of choice was the excision of the sialolith, where tissue synthesis was performed by anatomical planes. In the postoperative period, complete restoration of salivary function and relief of initial symptoms were observed. Therefore, large stones significantly affect salivary flow and gland function, justifying surgical removal as the most appropriate treatment. The surgical technique used in this case, besides being minimally invasive, proved effective in removing the sialolith and preserving the glands structures, resulting in satisfactory recovery and the complete restoration of the patients salivary function.
A REVIEW OF WIND ENERGY IN INDIA - A PANACEA FOR GREENHOUSE GASES
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi., Juneja Poonam
Published: December 2024

Electrical power demand is ever increasing in India due to rapid development in various sectors. Use of fossil fuels to meet this demand adds to the problem by not only polluting the environment by increasing the emission of green-house gases but also depleting the nonrenewable sources of fossil fuels from the earth. It is therefore important that we focus our attention towards renewable sources of energy. Wind energy is one of the promising sources of clean and green energy which can prove to be reliable and help in meeting the energy demands. There are some challenges and limitations of wind energy. The requirement of a large area for installation of windmills, cost of installation and maintenance are some of the factors which need optimal planning. This paper explores the potential of wind energy in India, the challenges in shifting our dependency from non-renewable to a renewable source and government policies to promote wind energy in India.
Combating Child Pornography: International Legal Regulation and Experience of Ukraine and Foreign Countries
Authors: Iemelianenko Volodymyr , Dmytruk Mariana
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that child pornography is a serious threat to the safety and well-being of children, and combating it requires a comprehensive approach at the national level and international cooperation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyse international legal regulation in the field of combating child pornography, the experience of Ukraine and such foreign countries as France, Japan, India, the United Kingdom and Canada. The objectives are to identify the main regulatory provisions, mechanisms and approaches aimed at preventing and combating child pornography. The study was conducted using a number of scientific methods, including dialectical, formal and logical, analysis, comparison and generalisation methods. The authors draw attention to the concept of child pornography. It is determined what actions are considered to be the crime of child pornography and are criminalized. The recommendations and obligations of countries that have ratified these acts are analyzed. The article analyses the issues of criminalization of child pornography offenses in the legislation of the respective countries, criminal liability measures, establishment of national organizations and structures to combat it, etc. It was concluded that the maximum term of imprisonment an offender can receive in Canada and Great Britain, and one of the smallest – in Japan and India. The article also disproves the hypothesis that approaches to combating child pornography are identical in individual countries with different legal systems. The authors draw attention to the problem of determining the status of graphic materials and works of artificial intelligence that contain signs of child pornography. The authors also raise the issue of criminal legal assessment of viewing child pornography, including live broadcasts. It is stated that no country is immune to this form of child sexual exploitation. Attention is drawn to international cooperation, which is key to sharing best practices, resources and information between countries. It is argued that national governments, law enforcement agencies and civil society need to work together in a concerted effort to ensure the protection of children in the world. This is important, among other things, to combat the avoidance of responsibility by criminals.
Financial sanction as a generic and specific construction
Authors: Bibyk Oleg
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the analysis of the problems of responsibility for the consequences of the circulation of public funds and the grounds for the application of fines. If the trend of using these means in civil-law regulation is absolutely clear and stable, then certain contradictions are connected with the application of fines in the regime of economic-law regulation. The purpose of the article is to evaluate tax control measures that reflect the specifics of the application of financial sanctions depending on the specifics of industry regulation. Achieving the set goal is based on identifying the basic principles of clarifying the legal nature of the financial sanction and detailing the specifics of its application depending on the subject area of ​​individual industries. Elucidation of the nature of a certain complex structure - "administrative-economic fine" - is of particular importance. The latter has become very widely used in the regulation of relations in the sphere of circulation of financial resources. The research uses a broad approach to the analysis of methods of scientific knowledge. The system method is implemented in the assessment of the grounds for the existence of a single system of financial sanctions regardless of the specifics of a separate industry. A similar system consists of variants of fines that are applied in criminal, administrative, financial, civil, economic law. A corresponding continuation of the system method is the method of comparative analysis. Applying it in the work, attention is focused on common features that express the nature of the fine and the specifics of its application depending on the specifics of the subject regulation of each industry. The reconciliation of the grounds for calculation and the nature of fines depending on the industry regulation is studied. Variants of harmonizing the legislation regulating the occurrence of adverse consequences in the form of the application of a fine during the consideration of disputes with the participation of a subject of authority are considered. It is emphasized that there are no grounds for determining adverse consequences for the payer based on the complex design of inter-branch regulation, namely the application of the design of "administrative-economic fine". The level and availability of scientific studies related to the generalization of the procedure for calculating fines in the regime of private and public regulation, as well as the state of judicial practice in resolving similar disputes, were analyzed. On the basis of the conducted research, conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made regarding the application of financial sanctions both within certain industries and at the border of public and private regulation.
Human Rights and jus contra bellum
Authors: Trujillo Isabel
Published: December 2024

The practice of protecting human rights, initiated after the second world war with the purpose of avoiding wars for future generations, has evolved with some ambiguities to the point that the initial opposition between the protection of rights and war, seems reversed. Human rights have become elements of a jus ad bellum, jus in bello, and jus ex bello, instead of elements of a jus contra bellum. This evolution ought to be considered a failure of the original project. It is to be attributed to the resistance of the States to change in accordance to their own propositions, as well as to the survival of the vocabulary and the logic of natural rights that are not human rights. The logic of human rights and the logic of war are still incompatible.
Moral and Legal Discourse of War in the Conditions of Russian Aggression against Ukraine
Authors: Yermolenko Anatoliy
Published: December 2024

The content of this article is a study of the moral and legal aspects of the philosophical discourse of Russian aggression against Ukraine as a subject of practical philosophy, in particular the philosophy of law. The concept of discourse is applied in the paradigm of argumentative dialogue of communicative philosophy. The study shows the affinity of the modern socio-political regime of Russia with german national socialism, notes the postmodern nature of the ideological support of its legitimacy, when various ideological means are used to preserve power: eurasianism, orthodoxy, nazism, fascism, communism, a mixture of archaic worldviews and practices. Associated with postmodernism, the situation of post-truth and post-morality leads to the moral-ethical and  legal degradation of Russian society. The aggressive ideology and policy of Russian imperialism has its moral and psychological justification in the resentment associated with Russia’s permanent lag in the modernization of economic and socio-political institutions. Resentment is compensated by hybris, which forms the socio-psychological foundation of “Russian world” – the ideology of Russia’s aggressive imperialist policy. The text also updates the controversy with Jürgen Habermas, in particular, criticizes his concept of negotiations, which actually ignores the legitimate interests of Ukraine. Emphasizing the limitations of the appeal to negotiations and the necessity of resistance to the Russian aggressors, the illegitimacy of denying the heuristic possibilities of the communicative paradigm in modern practical philosophy, in particular the ethics of discourse, is noted. Conclusion: by defending their country, Ukrainians are defending the freedom of Europe and universal values, therefore Ukraine must not only “not lose in this war,” Ukraine must win.
A Manifestly Unjust (but Also a Manifestly Just) War
Authors: Papageorgiou Konstantinos
Published: December 2024

The paper assesses the legality and justice of the war in Ukraine. It examines only to dismiss the arguments of Russia for the invasion and argues for the right of Ukraine to defend itself against Russian aggression both on the basis of International Law and Just War Theory. A just cause can be invoked by Ukraine, but not by Russia. The claims forwarded by Russian officials about the deeper causes of the war were obviously a pretext. But is the resistance of the Ukrainians proportional? Ukraine’s defensive war is manifestly legitimate also because there was no peaceful alternative option if it was to repulse Russia’s illegal attack. Ukraine is in principle entitled to do whatever is necessary in order to repel the Russian armies and liberate its territories. It may not be forced to accept a compromise peace deal, as some have suggested, even if such a course would be in its own interest or in the interest of the West or the whole world. No one is entitled to force a country that is defending itself to come to terms for the sake of peace – although it has as a sovereign country the right to opt for peace at any stage of the war if it believes it is in its interest. A further difficult moral question concerns the stance of the West and of the European countries, which reasonably harbour feelings of solidarity for Ukraine. This stance entails some risk and comes at a high cost due to the sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union on Russia. The internal political consequences of the sanctions and the issue of energy security pose significant challenges, especially for the West and it is a parameter that must certainly be taken into account, but is not the primary concern. The morally significant issue is whether liberal polities have a moral-political obligation to display solidarity towards Ukraine. The answer is yes, since democratic states respecting freedom and the rule of law have not only the negative duty of not undermining the independence and sovereignty of other states, but also the positive duty of supporting states that are trying to defend and consolidate their freedom, by, for example, offering military assistance or imposing sanctions. It is their duty to pursue the development of relations of independence and equality of freedom between states.
European values and constitutional justice
Authors: Maksymov Sergiy
Published: December 2024

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Limitations of Human Rights in the Conditions of War and Peace: The Constitutional Aspect
Authors: Birmontiene Toma
Published: December 2024

This article examines the guarantees of the independence of the judiciary formulated in the doctrine of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania, particularly, in the Ruling of 15 April 2022. The independence of the judiciary is an important guarantee of the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances, which can be understood as encompassing both the independence of the court as a judicial institution and the independence of the judge.
It is argued that the termination of judicial mandate is a process initiated and, to a certain extent, carried out by political institutions. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that the Judicial Council, in accordance with the requirements of due process, remains independent when approving or disapproving the opinion of the President of the Republic at the time of initiation of the removal of a judge from office. The role of the Judicial Council, as the guarantor of the independence of the judiciary, has become even more significant in the matter of dismissal of judges since the Constitutional Court extensively developed the constitutional doctrine on the Judicial Council and vested significant powers to this self-governing body of judges that is likely to protect judges from possible future populist political pressures in cases of their removal from office.
The grounds provided for in Article 115 of the Constitution of Lithuania, i.e., conduct discrediting the judicial office, may also coincide with the constitutional grounds for impeachment, but unfortunately, the Constitutional Court has not formulated clear criteria for distinguishing between such constitutional grounds for termination of judicial mandate. Hence, the article concludes that the removal of a judge through impeachment becomes an alternative, more theoretical option for the dismissal of a judge, leaving the initiative of the impeachment process to the Parliament discretion despite the rich constitutional doctrine of impeachment that has been developed concerning the constitutional responsibilities of the President of the Republic and members of the Parliament.
Two times two temperaments of legal scholarship and the question of commodificationEugenio
Authors: Somek Alexander
Published: December 2024

The article offers a brief account of the continental European (viz., German) and the US American approach to legal education and scholarship. It then explores in which respect legal academics active in these cultures are vulnerable to the lure of commodification, that is, incentives to produce legal expertise for clients. After concluding that these incentives may well be stronger in countries where legal academics consider themselves badly paid and where scholarly traditions are weak, the article explores how commodification can adversely affect the culture of ‘legal science’ as a whole and even work to the detriment of clients.
Justice, Community and Freedom: XXX World Congress on the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy
Authors: Maksymov Sergiy
Published: December 2024

The article is dedicated to the review of the XXX World Congress of the International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy (IVR), which took place in the summer of 2022 in Bucharest, Romania. The overall theme of the Congress, “Justice, Community, and Freedom,” raises fundamental questions about the correlation between two fundamental values of modernity – justice and freedom – mediated by the community, within which the realization of both justice and freedom is possible.The author focuses the discussion on the plenary reports of the Congress participants, who examined the relationship between justice, community, and freedom from various perspectives. The plenary speakers addressed such topics as realism in political and legal philosophy, the civilized right of nations, the administration of justice and the fight against severe human rights violations, human rights judges; gender, law, and equal freedom; rhetoric as philosophy; the war in Ukraine and philosophy of law; paradoxes of existence; structural racial injustice in the context of Rawls' theory; human rights theory and practice for the Anthropocene; reflexive inclusivity and the prospects of cultural confrontation; privacy, critical definitions, and racial justice, as well as many other current issues in contemporary philosophy of law.
Public services at Motaain State cross border post
Authors: Larantika A. A. Ayu Dewi , Noerasto Toto , Yudhiantara I Made , Putri Ni Luh Sephia Adnyani , Tilman Felix
Published: December 2024

Motaain National Border Post (PLBN) is a border post between the Republic of Indonesia (RI) and the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (RDTL) which plays an important and strategic role in providing immigration, customs, quarantine, and security services for border crossers between the two countries. As a gateway for entry and exit from Indonesia to RDTL and vice versa, PLBN Motaain must be able to provide maximum service by the achievement targets, namely fast, efficient, and friendly public services. The results of qualitative research using observation, interview, and documentation data collection techniques, show that public service governance from an organizational structure approach, service processes, and collaboration between existing agencies, has several problems which are challenges in public service governance at PLBN Motaain. These challenges include limited human resources, limited budget, facilities, and logistics, illegal levies, and limited coordination between agencies. This condition must be addressed immediately to be able to provide effective, efficient, and friendly public services.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL AJAR KURIKULUM MERDEKA PADA MATERI SISTEM PENGEREMAN PROGRAM KEAHLIAN TEKNIK OTOMOTIF
Authors: Mulyanto Tri , Suhartanta Suhartanta
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan format kurikulum merdeka pada materi sistem pengereman di Jurusan Teknik Otomotif  kelas XI SMK Negeri 2 Pengasih. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development (RD) yang mengacu model pengembangan 4-D (four-D) dari Thiangrajaan. Model penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu define (pendefinisian), design (perancangan), develop (pengmebangan), dan disseminate (penyebaran). Subyek penelitian ini terdiri dari ahli pembelajaran, ahli materi, dan 33 peserta didik kelas XI Teknik Otomotif di SMK Negeri 2 Pengasih. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan angket yaitu angket penilaian ahli pembelajaran dan ahli materi untuk mengukur kelayakan modul ajar dan angket respon peserta didik untuk mengukur kepraktisan modul ajar. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perangkat pembelajaran berupa modul ajar sistem pengereman yang dilengkapi dengan buku ajar, LKPD/jobsheet, dan Media powerpoint. Hasil Penilaian oleh ahli pembelajaran tingkat kelayakan perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan diperoleh skor 81,65% dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Kelayakan menurut ahli materi memperoleh persentase skor 84,5% dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Berdasarkan hasil angket respon peserta didik diperoleh skor persentase sebesar 79,5% dengan kategori “baik”.
ANALISIS GANGGUAN DAN KERUSAKAN SISTEM REM SEPEDA MOTOR SERTA PENANGANANNYA
Authors: Anitasari Mike Elly , Widiyatmoko Widiyatmoko
Published: December 2024

Brakes are one of the important components on a motorbike that supports riding comfort and safety. The aim of this research is to analyze disturbances and damage to motorbike brake systems and their handling. The research method used is direct observation of the research object, namely the brake system unit on a motorbike and literacy studies. The research was carried out from February to June. Data collection was carried out using observation techniques on brake system objects. The data obtained is then analyzed and drawn conclusions and then presented in a description of the research results. The results of the research show that disturbances and damage to the brake system include:      1) Poor brake performance and not functioning well;   2) Vibration and/or sound when braking; 3) No prisoners or failures; and 4) The brake lever or pedal does not return to normal. Handling or solutions to brake system problems and damage include light maintenance, up to replacing worn or damaged brake system components Keywords: Damage, Brake System
Website Go-Ramp: Rancang Bangun Sistem Ramp Check Transportasi Berbasis Web Dengan Integrasi Terpusat
Authors: Putri Anisa , Haidar M. Faris , W.W Oktafadion W.W , Syifa F.P.S Adinda , Ahmad F Zufar , Roviurrahman Habib , Tsani M. Rifqi
Published: December 2024

Ramp check is a process used to ensure that vehicles used for public transportation meet safety requirements. The ramp check procedure has developed from a manual technique to a digital system thanks to advances in technology, and can now be done through a platform called ramp check online or Go Ramp . By utilizing information technology, this approach makes vehicle inspections more transparent, accurate and efficient. Go Ramp enables fast and real-time verification of vehicle technical specifications, validates administrative documents, and assesses the driver's physical well-being. Time efficiency, data quality, process transparency, ease of access for vehicle owners, and centralized monitoring by relevant authorities are some of the main advantages of this system. Online ramp inspection is expected to improve traffic safety, reduce accident rates, and ensure that all cars on the road comply with established safety regulations. Go Ramp is a pioneer in modernizing transportation management and improving road safety in the digital era by implementing digital technology in ramp checks. Keywords: Ramp check, Go Ramp, Digital
PENERAPAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (PERENCANAAN DAN PELAKSANAAN) TERHADAP SISWA SMK GONDANG WONOPRINGGO
Authors: Rifa’i Muhammad Arifian , Budiman Febrian Arif , Sumbodo Wirawan , Setiadi Rizki
Published: December 2024

This study aims to describe the achievement of the K3 management system of class X11 TKR4 students with the dimensions of planning and implementation. The research was conducted in the TKR workshop of SMK Gondang Wonopringgo. The data collection technique used questionnaires, interviews, and documentation, the results were analyzed by categorizing each sub-indicator achievement and describing each sub-indicator. The results of the study obtained a planning achievement level of 49.15% in the poor category and the achievement of the implementation indicator of 52.8% so that it was categorized in the good enough category. The achievement of planning indicators includes sub-indicators of hazard identification with an achievement of 60% so that it falls into the category of good enough and sub-indicators of goals and programs with an achievement of 38.3% so that it falls into the category of not good enough. The achievement of implementation indicators includes sub-indicators of resources and responsibilities of 71.7%, communication and participation with students 42.2%, reporting and recording work accidents 45%, documentation of K3 letters 21.7%, purchasing goods and services 71.7%, work environment 75%, maintenance and repair of facilities 66.7%, health monitoring 82.2%, supervision 56.7%, first aid 35.8%, disaster emergency preparedness 13.3%.