bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Step Towards Absolute Versions of Metamathematical Results
Authors: Grabmayr Balthasar
Published: November 2023

There is a well-known gap between metamathematical theorems and their philosophical interpretations. Take Tarski’s Theorem. According to its prevalent interpretation, the collection of all arithmetical truths is not arithmetically definable. However, the underlying metamathematical theorem merely establishes the arithmetical undefinability of a set of specific Gödel codes of certain artefactual entities, such as infix strings, which are true in the standard model. That is, as opposed to its philosophical reading, the metamathematical theorem is formulated (and proved) relative to a specific choice of the Gödel numbering and the notation system. A similar observation applies to Gödel’s and Church’s theorems, which are commonly taken to impose severe limitations on what can be proved and computed using the resources of certain formalisms. The philosophical force of these limitative results heavily relies on the belief that these theorems do not depend on contingencies regarding the underlying formalisation choices. The main aim of this paper is to provide metamathematical facts which support this belief. While employing a fixed notation system, I showed in previous work (Review of Symbolic Logic, 2021, 14(1):51–84) how to abstract away from the choice of the Gödel numbering. In the present paper, I extend this work by establishing versions of Tarski’s, Gödel’s and Church’s theorems which are invariant regarding both the notation system and the numbering. This paper thus provides a further step towards absolute versions of metamathematical results which do not rely on contingent formalisation choices.
Natural language inference model for customer advocacy detection in online customer engagement
Authors: Abu-Salih Bilal , Alweshah Mohammed , Alazab Moutaz , Al-Okaily Manaf , Alahmari Muteeb , Al-Habashneh Mohammad , Al-Sharaeh Saleh
Published: November 2023

Online customer advocacy has developed as a distinctive strategic way to improve organisational performance by fostering favourable reciprocal affinitive customer behaviours between the business and its customers. Intelligent systems that can identify online social advocates based on their social interaction and long-standing conversations with the brads are still lacking. This study adds to the burgeoning body of literature in this research area by developing a novel model to identify brand advocates using natural language inference (NLI) and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. In particular, a hybridised deep learning model (BERT-BiLSTM-TextCNN) is proposed and adept at extracting the amount of entailment, contradiction, and neutrality obtained from the advocates' replies to the brands. This offers a new dimension to identify advocates based on the semantic similarities between the brands’ tweets and customers’ replies. The experimental results demonstrate the applicability of integrating the advantages of fine-tuned BERT, TextCNN, and BiLSTM using various evaluation metrics. Further, the proposed model is incorporated in a downstream task to verify and validate its effectiveness in capturing the correlation between brands and their advocates. Our findings contribute to the burgeoning body of literature in this research area and have important implications for identifying and engaging with brand advocates in online customer engagement.
Targeted immunotherapy for glioblastoma involving whole tumor-derived autologous cells in the upfront setting after craniotomy
Authors: Andrews Carrie E. , Zilberberg Jenny , Perez-Olle Raul , Exley Mark A. , Andrews David W.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To date, immunotherapeutic approaches in glioblastoma (GBM) have had limited clinical efficacy as compared to other solid tumors. Here we explore autologous cell treatments that have the potential to circumvent treatment resistance to immunotherapy for GBM.

Methods

We performed literature review and assessed clinical outcomes in phase 1 safety trials as well as phase 2 and 3 autologously-derived vaccines for the treatment of newly-diagnosed GBM. In one recent review of over 3,000 neuro-oncology phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials, most trials were nonblinded (92%), single group (65%), nonrandomized (51%) and almost half were GBM trials. Only 10% involved a biologic and only 2.2% involved a double-blind randomized trial design.

Results

With this comparative literature review we conclude that our autologous cell product is uniquely antigen-inclusive and antigen-agnostic with a promising safety profile as well as unexpected clinical efficacy in our published phase 1b trial. We have since designed a rigorous double-blinded add-on placebo-controlled trial involving our implantable biologic drug device. We conclude that IGV-001 provides a novel immunotherapy platform for historically intransigent ndGBM in this ongoing phase 2b trial (NCT04485949).
Probabilistic mapping of life loss due to dam-break flooding
Authors: Maranzoni Andrea , D’Oria Marco , Rizzo Carmine
Published: November 2023

Assessment of flood damage caused by dam failures is typically performed deterministically on the basis of a single preselected scenario, neglecting uncertainties in dam-break parameters, exposure information, and vulnerability model. This paper proposes a probabilistic flood damage model for the estimation of life loss due to dam-break flooding with the aim of overcoming this limitation and performing a more comprehensive and informative evaluation of flood risk. The significant novelty lies in the fact that the model combines uncertainties associated with all three components of risk: hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Uncertainty in flood hazard is introduced by considering a set of dam-break scenarios, each characterized by different breach widths and reservoir levels. Each scenario is linked to a probability, which is assumed conditional on the dam-break event. Uncertainty in exposure is accounted for using dasymetric maps of the population at risk for two socio-economic states (representing business and non-business hours of a typical week), along with associated likelihood. Vulnerability to flooding is described through a well-established empirical hazard-loss function relating the fatality rate of the population at risk to the flood hazard, the flood severity understanding, and the warning time; a confidence band provides quantitative information about the associated uncertainty. The probabilistic damage model was applied to the case study of the hypothetical collapse of Mignano concrete gravity dam (northern Italy). The main outcome is represented by probabilistic flood damage maps, which show the spatial distribution of selected percentiles of a loss-of-life risk index coupled with the corresponding uncertainty bounds.
Comparative study of rainfall measurement by optical disdrometer, tipping-bucket rain gauge, and weighing precipitation gauge
Authors: Ro Yonghun , Chang Ki-Ho , Hwang Hyunjun , Kim Minhoo , Cha Joo-Wan , Lee Chulkyu
Published: November 2023

In this study, the rainfall measurement characteristics of an optical particle size velocity (Parsivel) disdrometer, tipping-bucket rain gauge (TBG), and Pluvio weighing precipitation gauge (WPG) were analyzed and compared. Correlation analysis was performed between the 10-min and 1-h rainfall data observed with the Parsivel, TBG, and Pluvio from 2010 to 2019 at the Cloud Physics Observation Site which is located in northeast area of South Korea (N37.6869, E128.7586). At higher rainfall intensities, the Parsivel observed more rainfall; however, the TBG lost more rainfall during observation. The correlation between the Pluvio and Parsivel data was higher than that between the TBG and Parsivel data. Additionally, the Pluvio showed reduced loss in the rainfall observation than that by the TBG. The correlation between the Pluvio and TBG data was the highest, and the coefficient of determination increased by a maximum of 42.08% for 1-h rainfall compared to that for 10-min rainfall. Therefore, the Pluvio can generate relatively accurate rainfall data for water resource utilization.
Delivering mindset interventions to teachers as an efficient way to leverage the impact of mindset interventions
Authors: Combette Léa Tân , Rotgé Jean-Yves , Darnon Céline , Schmidt Liane
Published: November 2023

Research in social psychology and education proposes that adopting a growth mindset of intelligence is an important mediator for the well-being and performance of students at school. As a consequence, wise interventions have been developed to target student mindsets and change their beliefs about how much their intelligence can grow with training and experience. However, the efficacy of mindset interventions is highly debated, as effect sizes vary widely across studies. Here, we hypothesized that the study environment and, in particular, the teacher’s mindset about intelligence is an important moderator of mindset intervention efficacy. We tested this hypothesis by randomly assigning six middle schools from underprivileged neighborhoods in the Paris area in France to a no intervention condition, a condition with mindset interventions delivered only to the students, and a condition with mindset interventions for teachers and students. The results show that the combined teacher and student mindset intervention condition was the most efficient for increasing the student’s growth mindset. This finding suggests that a short and easy-to-implement mindset intervention for teachers can help students develop a growth mindset.
Fostering knowledge integration through individual competencies: the impacts of perspective taking, reflexivity, analogical reasoning and tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty
Authors: Vogel Olga , Hunecke Marcel
Published: November 2023

The present study examines the influence of individual competencies on knowledge integration in inter- and transdisciplinary work. Perspective taking, reflexivity, analogical reasoning, and tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty were investigated as core competencies for fostering knowledge integration. Additional hypotheses assumed that the positive effects are valid in the scientific and economic contexts and that individual competencies predict knowledge integration at different levels of expertise. To test the hypotheses, 421 participants, comprised of students (N = 165) and individuals working in science (N = 152) and economics (N = 104), answered questionnaires on knowledge integration and competencies of knowledge integration in an online survey. Further questions collected demographic data and inquired about experience and expertise in inter- and transdisciplinary work. The main result was that all postulated competencies positively related to knowledge integration. Analogical reasoning and perspective taking showed the strongest relationships with knowledge integration. Further results show that all competencies are positively related to knowledge integration in the student and expert sample, yet the interrelationships differ between the scientific and economic sample. This investigation into the competencies of knowledge integration contributes to the education of inter- and transdisciplinarians in academia and business practice.
Clinical Outcome Prediction of Early Brain Injury in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: the SHELTER-Score
Authors: Hofmann Björn B. , Donaldson Daniel M. , Neyazi Milad , Abusabha Yousef , Beseoglu Kerim , Hänggi Daniel , Cornelius Jan F. , Fischer Igor , Muhammad Sajjad
Published: November 2023

Background

Despite intensive research on preventing and treating vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), mortality and morbidity rates remain high. Early brain injury (EBI) has emerged as possibly the major significant factor in aSAH pathophysiology, emphasizing the need to investigate EBI-associated clinical events for improved patient management and decision-making. This study aimed to identify early clinical and radiological events within 72 h after aSAH to develop a conclusive predictive EBI score for clinical practice.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included 561 consecutive patients with aSAH admitted to our neurovascular center between 01/2014 and 09/2022. Fourteen potential predictors occurring within the initial 72 h after hemorrhage were analyzed. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 6 months, discretized to three levels (0–2, favorable; 3–5, poor; 6, dead), was used as the outcome variable. Univariate ordinal regression ranked predictors by significance, and forward selection with McFadden’s pseudo-R2 determined the optimal set of predictors for multivariate proportional odds logistic regression. Collinear parameters were excluded, and fivefold cross-validation was used to avoid overfitting.

Results

The analysis resulted in the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Associated Early Brain Injury Outcome Prediction score (SHELTER-score), comprising seven clinical and radiological events: age (0–4 points), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (0–2.5 points), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (2 points), mydriasis (1–2 points), midline shift (0.5–1 points), early deterioration (1 point), and early ischemic lesion (2 points). McFadden’s pseudo-R2 = 0.339, area under the curve for death or disability 0.899 and 0.877 for death. A SHELTER-score below 5 indicated a favorable outcome (mRS 0–2), 5–6.5 predicted a poor outcome (mRS 3–5), and ≥ 7 correlated with death (mRS 6) at 6 months.

Conclusions

The novel SHELTER-score, incorporating seven clinical and radiological features of EBI, demonstrated strong predictive performance in determining clinical outcomes. This scoring system serves as a valuable tool for neurointensivists to identify patients with poor outcomes and guide treatment decisions, reflecting the great impact of EBI on the overall outcome of patients with aSAH.
The mediating role of response-focused emotion regulation strategies in intimate partner violence across the stages of change
Authors: Puente-Martínez Alicia , Ubillos-Landa Silvia , Rovira Darío Páez
Published: November 2023

Intimate partner violence against women is a pervasive and significant problem around the world that causes victims to suffer grave mental and physical health issues. The Stages of Change or SOC model has been used in recent study to examine the stage of change in female victims as a potential predictor of their readiness to end their relationship. This study's objective was to analyse emotion-focused coping strategies used by female victims to deal with emotions arising from trauma, violence or abuse, according to the SOC model. The sample comprised 200 victims of gender violence who had received formal assistance in Spain. The standardised test was administered in face–to-face interviews. According to the women's SOC, the findings showed differences in the use of emotion-focused coping strategies and indicated that emotion regulation efforts were greater in the early SOC- especially in precontemplation and action—of the continuum towards action. Emotion-focused coping strategies were activated to regulate either positive or negative emotions, again in accordance with participants’ stage of change, with negative affectivity predominating in the early stages (precontemplation and contemplation), and positive affectivity having a greater presence in the later ones (action and maintenance). A series of mediation analyses demonstrated that although negative emotions immobilise female victims in the precontemplation stage, they also facilitate effective coping in the action stage, thereby helping to reduce the emotional impact of violence.
Knowledge Management and Data Analysis Techniques for Data-Driven Financial Companies
Authors: Pisoni Galena , Molnár Bálint , Tarcsi Ádám
Published: November 2023

In today’s fast-paced financial industry, knowledge management and data-driven decision making have become essential for the success of financial technology (FinTech) companies. Big data (BD) is a prevalent phenomenon that can be found across many industries, including finance. Despite its complexity and difficulty to comprehend, big data is a critical component of financial services enterprises and technology architectures. We examine BD from various aspects, considering data science (DS) techniques and methodologies that can be applied during the operation of an enterprise. Our aim is to provide an overview of knowledge management (KM) practices and data analysis (DA) strategies and techniques in the daily operations of financial companies. We address the role of knowledge management, data analytics in a financial institution. The paper demonstrates financial institutions’ enablement for new services resulting from technological advancements.
Employment effects of the minimum wage: evidence from the Spanish 2019 reform
Authors: Gorjón Lucía , Martinez de Lafuente David , Romero Gonzalo
Published: November 2023

We examine the employment effects of the 2019 minimum wage increase in Spain on individual probabilities of losing employment status (extensive margin) and lowering work intensity (intensive margin). To do so, we use variation of workers’ exposure to the reform by comparing monthly employment transitions into unemployment and reductions in number of working hours between employees earning less than the minimum wage (treatment group) and those earning more and that should therefore be unaffected by the reform (control group). We find that the new minimum wage significantly increased the probability of experiencing unemployment (1.7 percentage points) and a reduction in work intensity (0.9 percentage points) for treated workers after one year. Our results suggest substantial heterogeneity by age, prior work intensity, economic sector and geographical region of employees affected by the reform.
The effects of anthropogenic toxins on honey bee learning: Research trends and significance
Authors: DesJardins Nicole S. , Harrison Jon F. , Smith Brian H.
Published: November 2023

Managed honey bees are experiencing high rates of colony loss, in part due to widespread exposure to agrochemicals and other environmental toxins. The ability to learn about relevant environmental stimuli is an important skill necessary for foraging and navigation, although it is sometimes impaired in bees that have been exposed to toxins or other stressors. Here, we review the effects of anthropogenic toxins (which we divide into five major classes: insecticides, acaricides, biopesticides, other agrochemicals, and other toxins) on learning performance in European honey bees. We discuss the general trends of these studies, including that neurotoxic insecticides are overwhelmingly the most well-studied, and that most studies focus on acute exposure of individual, adult bees to a single toxin. Protocols for field-relevant exposure vary widely among labs, and we make suggestions to aid in the standardization of future studies. We review the relevance of learning studies for toxicological risk assessment, concluding that they are valuable tools for assessing sublethal behavioral effects of toxins. Their inclusion in risk assessment studies would be an improvement over current procedures, which focus largely on lethality.
On the Western reception of Prince Zhu Zaiyu’s music theory from the eighteenth to the twentieth century
Authors: Peng Bei
Published: November 2023

This article provides a case study of the historical process of the reception of an eminent aspect of pre-modern Chinese music theory in Western scholarship: The music-theoretical works of Zhu Zaiyu 朱载堉 (1536–1611), often considered as the greatest theorist in the history of Chinese music, are discussed in relation to their initial Western reception by Joseph-Marie Amiot, a Jesuit missionary who lived in China during the eighteenth century. It is shown how Amiot’s most important corresponding work, which still remains one of the basic texts for the study of Zhu Zaiyu in the West, initiated the reception of Zhu’s theoretical views in Europe, how it influenced and partly also misinformed the views mostly in German musicology from the late eighteenth century to the 1920s, and how the later and more progressive Anglophone Zhu Zaiyu studies from the 1960s to the 1980s emancipated themselves from this. Critical reflections on the Western history of the reception of Zhu’s thought and especially his understanding of the equal temperament system are included along the way and in the final section.
Self-organization of photoionized plasmas via kinetic instabilities
Authors: Zhang Chaojie , Huang Chen-Kang , Joshi Chan
Published: November 2023

Self-organization in an unmagnetized collisionless plasma (in this paper) refers to formation of transient coherent structures such as collective oscillations (electrostatic waves) or magnetic fields resulting from so-called kinetic effects in the plasma. This topical review provides a comprehensive analysis of the self-organization of strong-field photoionized, non-equilibrium plasmas through kinetic instabilities. The authors propose and demonstrate a novel experimental platform that enables the formation of dense plasmas with known highly anisotropic and non-thermal electron velocity distribution functions on a timescale on the order of an inverse electron plasma frequency. We then show that such plasmas are highly susceptible to a hierarchy of kinetic instabilities, including two-stream, current filamentation and Weibel, that convert a fraction of the electron kinetic energy into electric and/or magnetic energy stored in self-organized structures. The electrostatic waves so produced are measured using a collective light (Thomson) scattering technique with femtosecond resolution as the kinetic instabilities aided by collisions eventually thermalize the plasma electrons. In addition, we describe a novel experimental technique that has made it possible to map the temporal evolution of the wavenumber spectrum of the thermal Weibel instability with picosecond resolution, which leads to the formation of quasi-static coherent magnetic fields with different topologies in photoionized plasmas. Finally, the paper summarizes the important results and discusses future directions on this topic.
All you Need is Trust? Public Perspectives on Consenting to Participate in Genomic Research in the Sri Lankan District of Colombo
Authors: Jayasinghe Krishani , Chamika W. A. S. , Jayaweera Kaushalya , Abhayasinghe Kalpani , Dissanayake Lasith , Sumathipala Athula , Ives Jonathan
Published: November 2023

Engagement with genomic medicine and research has increased globally during the past few decades, including rapid developments in Sri Lanka. Genomic research is carried out in Sri Lanka on a variety of scales and with different aims and perspectives. However, there are concerns about participants' understanding of genomic research, including the validity of informed consent. This article reports a qualitative study aiming to explore the understanding, knowledge, and attitudes of the Sri Lankan public towards genomic medicine and to inform the development of an effective and appropriate process for informed consent in that setting. Purposive sampling was employed. Participants were recruited from a sub-group of the public in Colombo, Sri Lanka who had either consented or refused to donate genetic material for a biobank. Data were collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Conventional content analysis was used. The analysis developed three key themes: a) ‘Scientific literacy’ describes an apparent lack of scientific knowledge that seems to affect a participant’s ability to understand the research, b) ‘Motivation’ describes narratives about why participants chose (not) to take part in the research, despite not understanding it, and c) ‘Trust’ describes how trust served to mitigate the apparent ethical deficit created by not being fully informed. In this article, we argue that informed trust is likely an acceptable basis for consent, particularly in settings where scientific literacy might be low. However, researchers must work to be worthy of that trust and ensure that misconceptions are actively addressed.
AM1172 (a hydrolysis-resistant endocannabinoid analog that inhibits anandamide cellular uptake) reduces the viability of the various melanoma cells, but it exerts significant cytotoxic effects on healthy cells: an in vitro study based on isobolographic analysis
Authors: Marzęda Paweł , Wróblewska-Łuczka Paula , Florek-Łuszczki Magdalena , Góralczyk Agnieszka , Łuszczki Jarogniew J.
Published: November 2023

Background

Despite great advances in our understanding of the impact of cannabinoids on human organism, many of their properties still remain undetermined, including their potential antineoplastic effects. This study was designed to assess the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of AM1172 (a hydrolysis-resistant endocannabinoid analog that inhibits anandamide cellular uptake) administered alone and in combinations with docetaxel (DOCX), paclitaxel (PACX), mitoxantrone (MTX) and cisplatin (CDDP) on various human malignant melanoma A375, FM55P, SK-MEL 28 and FM55M2 cell lines.

Materials

In the MTT, LDH, and BrdU assays, the potency and safety of AM1172 when administered alone and in combinations with DOCX, PACX, MTX, and CDDP were determined.

Results

The isobolographic analysis revealed that combinations of AM1172 with PACX, DOCX, MTX, and CDDP exerted additive interactions, except for a combination of AM1172 with PACX in primary melanoma A375 cell line, for which synergy was observed (*p<0.05). Nevertheless, AM1172 when administered alone produced cytotoxic effects on healthy human melanocytes (HEMa-LP) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT), which unfortunately limits its potential therapeutic utility.

Conclusions

AM1172 cannot be used separately as a chemotherapeutic drug, but it can be combined with PACX, DOCX, MTX, and CDDP, offering additive interactions in terms of the anti-proliferative effects in various malignant melanoma cell lines.
Optimization of the regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in pear
Authors: Xue Cheng , Guo Suli , Gu Kaidi , Xing Mingjia , Wu Jun
Published: November 2023

Conventional breeding in pears is inefficient due to a long juvenile phase and self-incompatibility. Genetic transformation offers a promise to expedite the breeding process. However, the frequencies of regeneration and genetic transformation in most Pyrus spp. are relatively low. This study investigated various factors influencing regeneration and genetic transformation using leaves from Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim “Shanli” and P. communis L. “Conference” as explants. The optimum regeneration medium for “Shanli” and “Conference” was NN69 containing 3.0 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.3 mg L−1 indolybutyric acid (IBA) for the former or 1.0 mg L−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for the latter. Sectioning the leaves from 30-day-old plantlets transversely and placing them with their abaxial side facing downward could significantly improve the regeneration ratio in both accessions. Moreover, a two- or four-week culture under the dark was beneficial for the regeneration of “Shanli” and “Conference” respectively. The optimal infection time was 12 and 8 min, while the time of the delayed screening test was two and one day for “Shanli” and “Conference” respectively. Moreover, a coculture of two days was recommended for both accessions. Post-transformation, the optimal concentrations of antibiotics were 16 mg L−1 kanamycin (Kan), 150 mg L−1 timentin (Tim), and 300 mg L−1 cefotaxime (Cef). The optimized regeneration and transformation system can be an effective alternative for either gene function analysis or genetic improvement in pear.
Agrochemical exposure-induced seed microbiome response in barley
Authors: Wang Lan , Fang Hongda , Xue Zhao , De Ji , Guo Xiaofang
Published: November 2023

The seed microbiota has great potential for enhancing agricultural practices and promoting sustainable plant growth. However, excessive and improper application of agrochemicals may have unforeseen effects on the seed microbiota, posing potential risks to crop health and even ecological integrity. Despite this, the impact of agrochemicals on seed microbiota in domesticated crops remains largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to analyze the effects of four common agrochemicals on the seed microbiome of highland barley in Tibet using high-throughput sequencing. Community diversity analysis suggests that the differences in seed microbial groups under different agrochemical treatments are not significant. Interestingly, we found that the key microbial taxa in barley seeds responded distinctly to specific agrochemicals. Lactobacillus spp. were identified as positive biomarkers in response to tebuconazole and lambda-cyhalothrin due to an increase in relative abundance as a probiotic. Conversely, Leuconostoc and Helicobacter were recognized as positive biomarkers upon exposure to pydiflumetofen, attributed to a notable reduction in the abundance of pathogens. Collectively, our findings have revealed the unique responsiveness of seed microbial taxa to agrochemical exposure. Further mechanistic insights into the responsiveness of these microbial biomarkers to agrochemicals may establish a foundational framework for microbiome-targeted verification of agrochemical application, ensuring food safety throughout the cultivation of Tibetan barley.
Functional, eco-friendly, and starch-based nanocarriers with sustained release of carvacrol for persistent control of tomato gray mold
Authors: Shang Wenxuan , Xiong Qiuyu , Xie Zhengang , Cheng Jingli , Yu Bin , Zhang Haonan , Su Yehua , Zhao Jinhao
Published: November 2023

Carvacrol (Car) is a promising botanical fungicide. However, the volatile and easily oxidizable characterization of Car hinders its practical application. Herein, an eco-friendly, starch-based nanopesticide (Car@ACS) was successfully constructed by encapsulating of Car within acetylated corn starch, enabling sustained release to prolong its efficacy. In vitro release experiments showed that the release of Car from commercial carvacrol soluble concentrate (Car SL) was 98.4% within 4 h, while that of Car@ACS released 36% within 4 h and 79% within 48 h, demonstrating the endowed sustained release property of the starch nanoparticles. Meanwhile, in vitro antimicrobial activity experiments revealed the fungicidal ability of the prepared Car@ACS and carvacrol technical (Car Tech) with the same concentration of active ingredient to be comparable Botrytis cinerea. In the 7-day pot experiment, the efficacy of the Car@ACS group (56.9%) against B. cinerea was significantly greater than that of the Car SL group (33.3%). In addition, the Car@ACS formulation improved the foliar retention of Car compared to Car SL in hydrophilic cucumber and hydrophobic peanut leaves. Finally, biosafety tests indicated that Car@ACS did not significantly affect the germination or growth of tomato seedlings. Therefore, the advantages of long-lasting disease control properties, improved foliar retention and eco-friendliness indicate that Car@ACS has significant potential to facilitate the application of volatile botanical fungicides.
A Semiotics of Muslimness in China
Authors: Bhatt Ibrar
Published: November 2023

This Element examines the semiotics of Sino-Muslim heritage literacy in a way that integrates its Perso-Arabic textual qualities with broader cultural semiotic forms. Using data from images of the linguistic landscape of Sino-Muslim life alongside interviews with Sino-Muslims about their heritage, the author examines how signs of 'Muslimness' are displayed and manipulated in both covert and overt means in different contexts. In so doing the author offers a 'semiotics of Muslimness' in China and considers how forms of language and materiality have the power to inspire meanings and identifications for Sino-Muslims and understanding of their heritage literacy. The author employs theoretical tools from linguistic anthropology and an understanding of semiotic assemblage to demonstrate how signifiers of Chinese Muslimness are invoked to substantiate heritage and Sino-Muslim identity constructions even when its expression must be covert, liminal, and unconventional.
The epidemiology of cephalosporin allergy labels in pediatric primary care
Authors: Joerger Torsten , Taylor Margaret G. , Palazzi Debra L. , Gerber Jeffrey S.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Recent studies have sought to understand the epidemiology and impact of beta-lactam allergy labels on children; however, most of these studies have focused on penicillin allergy labels. Fewer studies assess cephalosporin antibiotic allergy labels in children. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, factors associated with, and impact of cephalosporin allergy labels in children cared for in the primary care setting.

Methods:

Cephalosporin allergy labels were reviewed among children in a dual center, retrospective, birth cohort who were born between 2010 and 2020 and followed in 90 pediatric primary care practices. Antibiotic prescriptions for acute otitis media were compared in children with and without cephalosporin allergies.

Results:

334,465 children comprised the birth cohort and 2,877 (0.9%) were labeled as cephalosporin allergic during the study period at a median age of 1.6 years. Third-generation cephalosporins were the most common class of cephalosporin allergy (83.0%). Cephalosporin allergy labels were more common in children with penicillin allergy labels than those without (5.8% vs. 0.6%). Other factors associated with a cephalosporin allergy label included white race, private insurance, presence of a chronic condition, and increased health care utilization. Children with third-generation cephalosporin allergy labels received more amoxicillin/clavulanate (28.8% vs. 10.2%) and macrolides (10.4% vs. 1.9%) and less amoxicillin (55.8% vs. 70.9%) for treatment of acute otitis media than non-allergic peers p < 0.001.

Conclusions:

One in 100 children is labeled as cephalosporin allergic, and these children receive different antibiotics for the treatment of acute otitis media compared to non-allergic peers.
Are Folks Purists or Pragmatic Encroachers? New Discoveries of Relation between Knowledge and Action from Experimental Philosophy
Authors: Wu Su
Published: November 2023

The relation between knowledge and action has been a lengthy debate in philosophy which traces back to Descartes and Locke. Purism holds that the practical factors related to action are fundamentally independent of the standard of knowledge, while pragmatic encroachment argues that practical considerations about action can impact judgments about knowledge. This traditional debate was put front and center recently by discussions on some knowledge attribution cases and relevant empirical studies. This paper reports three empirical studies based on three pairs of classic knowledge attribution cases on Chinese participants. The results indicate that folk's understanding of knowledge is more compatible with purism and suggest a conversational implicature account of the connection between judgments about knowledge and action.
The impact of mental health literacy intervention on in-service teachers’ knowledge attitude and self-efficacy
Authors: Bichoualne Azziz , Oubibi Mohamed , Rong Yu
Published: November 2023

Mental health literacy (MHL) is an essential component in the process of de-stigmatization, promoting mental health, and supporting people struggling with mental illness. Today, as the number of people suffering from mental illnesses is nearly 450 million people worldwide, the importance of having a teacher-training program that incorporates MHL in its curriculum has become paramount. This study is a quasi-experimental pre–post research that uses the MHL program as an intervention. The sample included 36 (n = 36) high school in-service teachers from 11 schools. The participants took an online training program for 6 weeks. The evaluations were used before and after the training to assess their mental health knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. The data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test. The findings revealed a significant level of improvement in relation to the teachers’ MHL knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy after the training. The study findings reveal the effectiveness of MHL training in improving in-service teachers’ knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in relation to mental health. The study’s limitations and future study recommendations are discussed.
Developing knowledge-based psychotherapeutic competencies in non-specialist providers: A pre-post study with a nested randomised controlled trial of a coach-supported versus self-guided digital training course for a problem-solving psychological intervention in India
Authors: Mathur Sonal , Weiss Helen A. , Neuman Melissa , Leurent Baptiste , Field Andy P. , Shetty Tejaswi , J. James E. , Nair Pooja , Mathews Rhea , Malik Kanika , Michelson Daniel , Patel Vikram
Published: November 2023

We evaluated a digital learning programme for non-specialists to develop knowledge-based competencies in a problem-solving intervention for adolescents to examine the overall impact of training on knowledge-based competencies among learners; and to compare the effects of two training conditions (self-guided digital training with or without coaching) in a nested parallel, two-arm, individually randomised controlled trial. Eligible participants were 18 or older; fluent in Hindi or English; able to access digital training; and had no prior experience of delivering structured psychotherapies. 277 participants were enrolled from 31 March 2022 to 19 June 2022 of which 230 (83%) completed the study. There was a significant increase in competency score from pre-training (Mean = 7.01, SD = 3.29) to post-training (Mean = 8.88, SD = 3.80), 6 weeks after the pre-training assessment. Knowledge competency scores showed larger increase among participants randomised to the coaching arm (AMD = 1.09, 95% CI 0.26–1.92, p = 0.01) with an effect size (d) of 0.33 (95% CI 0.08–0.58). More participants completed training in the coaching arm (n = 96, 69.6%) compared to the self-guided training arm (n = 56, 40.3%). In conclusion, a coach-supported remote digital training intervention is associated with enhanced participation by learners and increased psychotherapeutic knowledge competencies.
Digital generation of super-Gaussian perfect vortex beams via wavefront shaping with globally adaptive feedback
Authors: Ma Rui , Luo Ke Hai , He Jing Song , Zhang Wei Li , Fan Dian Yuan , Gomes Anderson S. L. , Liu Jun
Published: November 2023

High-intensity vortex beams with tunable topological charges and low coherence are highly demanded in applications such as inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and optical communication. However, traditional optical vortices featuring nonuniform intensity distributions are dramatically restricted in application scenarios that require a high-intensity vortex beam owing to their ineffective amplification resulting from the intensity-dependent nonlinear effect. Here, a low-coherence perfect vortex beam (PVB) with a topological charge as high as 140 is realized based on the super-pixel wavefront-shaping technique. More importantly, a globally adaptive feedback algorithm (GAFA) is proposed to efficiently suppress the original intensity fluctuation and achieve a flat-top PVB with dramatically reduced beam speckle contrast. The GAFA-based flat-top PVB generation method can pave the way for high-intensity vortex beam generation, which is crucial for potential applications in ICF, laser processing, optical communication and optical trapping.
Analysis of mid-spatial frequency wavefront distortions from a liquid-cooled flash-lamp pumped Nd:phosphate laser amplifier
Authors: Dalbies Pierre-Marie , Cavaro Sandy , Bordenave Edouard , Blanchot Nathalie , Moreau Julien G. , Neauport Jérôme
Published: November 2023

Mid-spatial frequency wavefront deformation can be deleterious for the operation of high-energy laser systems. When fluid cooled high-repetition-rate amplifiers are used, the coolant flow is likely to induce such detrimental mid-spatial frequency wavefront deformations. Here, we describe the design and performance of a 90 mm × 90 mm aperture, liquid-cooled Nd:phosphate split-slab laser amplifier pumped by flash-lamps. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of wavefront aberration and gain at repetition rates down to 1 shot per minute. The results show that this single cooled split-slab system exhibits low wavefront distortions in the medium to large period range, compatible with a focus on target, and despite the use of liquid coolant traversed by both pump and amplified wavelengths. This makes it a potential candidate for applications in large high-energy laser facilities.
Animacy effects in the English genitive alternation: comparing native speakers and EFL learner judgments with corpus data
Authors: Dubois Tanguy , Grafmiller Jason , Paquot Magali , Szmrecsanyi Benedikt
Published: November 2023

Recent years have seen a heightened interest in the interface between language use and cognition in language learners. In this study, we investigate this interface further by conducting a rating task experiment on the intuitions of 25 native speakers and 101 low–intermediate to advanced learners of English as a Foreign Language regarding the acceptability of the genitive variants (the beauty of nature/nature’s beauty) in different contexts. These ratings were then compared against existing corpus-based statistical models that predict which variant is most likely in spoken language use with two mixed-effects linear regression models. The first model focused on the animacy of the possessor in particular, which has been found to have a different effect on native speakers and EFL learners in language use, whereas the second model tested how the ratings relate to the predictions as a whole. Results show that there is a larger discrepancy between language use and intuitions of low-proficiency learners compared to native speakers, which is partially because animate, collective, and inanimate possessors affect the intuitions and the language use of learners differently.
Making Sense, Making Choices: How Civilians Choose Survival Strategies during Violence
Authors: MILLIFF AIDAN
Published: November 2023

How do ordinary people choose survival strategies during intense, surprising political violence? Why do some flee violence, while others fight back, adapt, or hide? Individual decision-making during violence has vast political consequences, but remains poorly understood. I develop a decision-making theory focused on individual appraisals of how controllable and predictable violent environments are. I apply my theory, situational appraisal theory, to explain the choices of Indian Sikhs during the 1980s–1990s Punjab crisis and 1984 anti-Sikh pogroms. In original interviews plus qualitative and machine learning analysis of 509 oral histories, I show that control and predictability appraisals influence strategy selection. People who perceive “low” control over threats often avoid threats rather than approach them. People who perceive “low” predictability in threat evolution prefer more-disruptive strategies over moderate, risk-monitoring options. Appraisals explain behavior variation even after accounting for individual demographics and conflict characteristics, and also account for survival strategy changes over time.
From “Chinese Colonist” to “Yellow Peril”: Capitalist Racialization in the British Empire
Authors: INCE ONUR ULAS
Published: November 2023

The literature on “racial capitalism” exhibits a tension between the term’s evocative power and its conceptual imprecision. This article navigates this tension by developing the mid-level concept of “capitalist racialization,” which specifies the role of capitalist abstractions in the construction of racial hierarchies. I elaborate this notion around the racialization of Chinese migration in nineteenth-century Southeast Asia. I focalize the figure of the “Chinese colonist” as an index of the capitalist standards by which British observers ordered colonial populations in their reflections on imperial political economy. I argue that the racial stereotype of “the Chinese” as commercial, industrious, and “colonizing” people emerged from the subsumption of colonial land and labor under capital. Their “colonizing” capacity rendered Chinese migrants simultaneously an economic asset to the British Empire and a potential threat to the white world order. “Capitalist racialization” therefore highlights new inroads into the entwined histories of capitalism, racism, and empire.
Tomato and lemon extracts synergistically improve cognitive function by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in aged mice
Authors: Yoon Kyeong-No , Cui Yidan , Quan Qing-Ling , Lee Dong Hun , Oh Jang-Hee , Chung Jin Ho
Published: November 2023

Brain ageing, the primary risk factor for cognitive impairment, occurs because of the accumulation of age-related neuropathologies. Identifying effective nutrients that increase cognitive function may help maintain brain health. Tomatoes and lemons have various bioactive functions and exert protective effects against oxidative stress, ageing and cancer. Moreover, they have been shown to enhance cognitive function. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of tomato and lemon ethanolic extracts (TEE and LEE, respectively) and their possible synergistic effects on the enhancement of cognitive function and neurogenesis in aged mice. The molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of TEE and LEE were investigated. For the in vivo experiment, TEE, LEE or their mixture was orally administered to 12-month-old mice for 9 weeks. A single administration of either TEE or LEE improved cognitive function and neurogenesis in aged mice to some extent, as determined using the novel object recognition test and doublecortin immunohistochemical staining, respectively. However, a significant enhancement of cognitive function and neurogenesis in aged mice was observed after the administration of the TEE + LEE mixture, which had a synergistic effect. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 2B, postsynaptic density protein 95, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation also synergistically increased after the administration of the mixture compared with those in the individual treatments. In conclusion, compared with their separate treatments, treatment with the TEE + LEE mixture synergistically improved the cognitive function, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in aged mice via the BDNF/TrkB/ERK signalling pathway.
Threshold graphs maximise homomorphism densities
Authors: Blekherman Grigoriy , Patel Shyamal
Published: November 2023

Given a fixed graph
$H$
and a constant
$c \in [0,1]$
, we can ask what graphs
$G$
with edge density
$c$
asymptotically maximise the homomorphism density of
$H$
in
$G$
. For all
$H$
for which this problem has been solved, the maximum is always asymptotically attained on one of two kinds of graphs: the quasi-star or the quasi-clique. We show that for any
$H$
the maximising
$G$
is asymptotically a threshold graph, while the quasi-clique and the quasi-star are the simplest threshold graphs, having only two parts. This result gives us a unified framework to derive a number of results on graph homomorphism maximisation, some of which were also found quite recently and independently using several different approaches. We show that there exist graphs
$H$
and densities
$c$
such that the optimising graph
$G$
is neither the quasi-star nor the quasi-clique (Day and Sarkar, SIAM J. Discrete Math. 35(1), 294–306, 2021). We also show that for
$c$
large enough all graphs
$H$
maximise on the quasi-clique (Gerbner et al., J. Graph Theory 96(1), 34–43, 2021), and for any
$c \in [0,1]$
the density of
$K_{1,2}$
is always maximised on either the quasi-star or the quasi-clique (Ahlswede and Katona, Acta Math. Hung. 32(1–2), 97–120, 1978). Finally, we extend our results to uniform hypergraphs.