bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluoride release and surface roughness of a new glass ionomer cement: glass carbomer
Authors: LOPES Célia Maria Condeixa de França , GALVAN Jessica , CHIBINSKI Ana Claudia Rodrigues , WAMBIER Denise Stadler
Published: February 2018

Abstract Objective This study analyzed the fluoride release/recharge and surface roughness of glass carbomer compared to other encapsulated glass ionomer cements (GICs). Material and method The GICs tested were Glass Fill® (GC-GCP Dental), Riva Self Cure® (RS-SDI), Riva Light Cure® (RL-SDI), Equia Fil® (EF-GC Europe). The composite resin Luna® (LU-SDI) was used as control. Five samples of each material were prepared and kept in a humidifier for 24 hours (37 °C, 100% relative humidity). Fluoride release was measured in two times: before (T1: days 1, 2, 7, 14) and after topical application of fluoride (T2: days 15, 16, 21 and 28). The surface roughness was also measured in both times (T1: days 1 and 14; T2: days 15 and 28). All samples were submitted to a single topical application of acidulated fluoride phosphate (Fluor Care - FGM). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's post-test (p <0.05) were used in the statistical analysis. Result Equia Fil presented the highest fluoride release in both evaluation periods, with a higher release in T1 (p <0.05). The other materials tested, including glass carbomer presented similar release in both periods (T1 and T2). Regarding surface roughness, no significant differences were observed in the interaction between the material × time factors (T1 and T2) (p=0.966). Conclusion The GICs tested presented fluoride release and recharge ability and showed no surface roughness increase by topical application of fluoride.
Impressões e compreensões sobre uma comunidade rural na Amazônia, Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo Agum , Stoco Sávio Luis , Nava Alessandra Ferreira Dales , Sampaio Sully de Souza , Giatti Leandro Luiz
Published: February 2018

Este artigo expressa – por meio de um ensaio fotográfico em um projeto fotográfico de criação coletivo e interdisciplinar – a busca por captar Rio Pardo, uma comunidade rural amazônica. Metodologicamente, a proposta evitou um roteiro preestabelecido – baseando-se na noção de ensaísmo. Entre outros elementos, o trabalho foi executado, no geral, por fotógrafos de variadas formações acadêmicas, um caminho desafiador na intenção de apresentar a visão dos comunitários e evitar que as imagens fossem tratadas com menor importância em relação às ideias. Na etapa final, disporíamos de um emaranhado instigante de rotas-imagens para pavimentar nossa narrativa em conjunto.
The influence of social disclosure on the relationship between Corporate Financial Performance and Corporate Social Performance*
Authors: Garcia Editinete André da Rocha , Sousa-Filho José Milton de , Boaventura João Maurício Gama
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT This study’s general objective is to investigate the moderating effect of Corporate Social Performance Disclosure (D-CSP) on the relationship between Corporate Social Performance (CSP) and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP). Based on this objective, the study presented a model in which D-CSP acts as a moderator in relation to primary stakeholders (employees, community, and suppliers). D-CSP is a mechanism through which the various social aspects involved in discretionary policies, actions, and activities identified in the management for stakeholders process can be evaluated. A sample of 1,147 companies belonging to 10 different sectors and five continents was used to test the model. Data were collected from the Bloomberg database, totaling 5,735 observations, from 2010 to 2014. The relationship was tested using the multiple linear regression model involving panel data with fixed effects, and the Newey-West robust standard errors correction. Three constructs, D-CSP, CSP, and CFP, were used to perform the tests. As a CSP measure, the CSP of the employee, supplier, and community stakeholders was used. As a D-CSP measure, the CSP disclosure scores available from the database were used, and return on assets (ROA) was used as a CFP measure. The tests carried out indicated the existence of a positive moderating effect of disclosure on the relationship between the CSP of primary stakeholders and CFP. Besides presenting a positive CSP in relation to the primary stakeholders the results enable it to be inferred that these results need to be disclosed, thus contributing to higher corporate financial performance.
Avaliação dos cursos de Fisioterapia nos anos de 2004 a 2013
Authors: Gonçalves Rogério Fabiano , Sandes Aline Araújo Gomes , Nascimento Isadora Yasmim Monteiro , Amaral Auxiliadora Renê de Melo , Araújo Rodrigo Cappato de , Silva Tarcísio Fulgêncio Alves da
Published: February 2018

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho dos cursos de fisioterapia no país quanto aos conceitos obtidos no Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade), no período de 2004 a 2013, verificando o rendimento dos cursos entre as instituições de ensino superior públicas e privadas e a relação das pontuações do exame com o Conceito Preliminar de Curso (CPC). Estudo quantitativo transversal de base documental, realizado com amostra de 103 cursos de fisioterapia que participaram das avaliações do Enade realizadas de 2004 a 2013. A análise constou da avaliação dos conceitos Enade e do CPC por classificações de desempenho ao longo dos anos. Observou-se avanço dos conceitos Enade e CPC na amostra (valor de p<0,05). O percentual de cursos com resultados insuficientes no Exame regrediu de 26,2%, em 2004, para 17,5%, em 2013, e 38,8% das IES obtiveram conceitos superiores ao critério mínimo em 2013, em 2004 esse percentual correspondia a 21,4%. Em todas as edições do Exame as IES públicas apresentaram melhor desempenho do que as instituições privadas. Houve avanço dos cursos de Fisioterapia no Enade e no CPC para o período investigado, com melhor desempenho das instituições públicas em relação às privadas. Porém, a permanência de elevada proporção de resultados insuficientes ou que apenas alcançam o critério mínimo alerta para a importância da discussão da qualidade da formação do bacharel em Fisioterapia no país.
Política de cotas, currículo e a construção identitária de alunos de Medicina de uma universidade pública.
Authors: Wickbold Christiane Curvelo , Siqueira Vera
Published: February 2018

Resumo Este estudo está fundamentado em noções dos estudos culturais e nos conceitos foucaultianos de saber, poder e normalização, voltado à análise de significados construídos por estudantes de Medicina da UFRJ sobre a política de cotas em suas possíveis relações com o currículo de Medicina e seus desdobramentos em processos identitários. Em pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, caracteriza-se a cultura do curso, problematiza-se o seu currículo para então apresentar a análise dos dados obtidos através de oito entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas com alunos cotistas e não cotistas do mencionado curso. Os resultados evidenciam tensionamentos nos discursos entre o “resguardo” da tradição da UFRJ e da faculdade de Medicina, – o que dificulta transformações na cultura e no currículo do curso – e as novas relações constituídas, propicias à revisão de valores e do currículo, sendo os(as) alunos cotistas significados como atores importantes em tal processo.
Caminos y prácticas evaluativas en la educación especial: experiencias en Brasil y Argentina.
Authors: Martins Morgana de Fátima Agostini , Kaplan Carina Viviana , Sipes Marta Liliana
Published: February 2018

Resumen Los procesos evaluativos que se llevan adelante con la finalidad de definir los soportes y los apoyos pedagógicos a los alumnos con discapacidades han sido tema de diversos estudios en Brasil y Argentina. Los profesores y los maestros, debido a su contacto directo con los alumnos, son los profesionales más indicados para realizar una evaluación diagnóstica de los apoyos pedagógicos necesarios en los casos de dificultades de aprendizaje. En este artículo, se establece un análisis de los procesos evaluativos y de las modalidades de diagnóstico reconocidos y aceptados en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, y en la ciudad de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. La propuesta es recorrer las prácticas evaluativas que se utilizan en esos procesos para la identificación y la derivación de niños con discapacidades a los centros de apoyo escolar o a los servicios de asistencia existentes en cada una de las dos ciudades.
Dados abertos conectados e gestão do conhecimento: estudos de caso cientométricos em uma universidade brasileira
Authors: Rautenberg Sandro , Motyl Sandro Kaue , Burda Alessandra Cassiana , Silvério Anderson , Moura Fabrício Marom de
Published: February 2018

RESUMO Este artigo se baseia na relação de três conceitos: Gestão do Conhecimento, Cientometria e Dados Abertos Conectados. No contexto das universidades, objetiva-se discutir a promoção da Gestão do Conhecimento institucional amparada por Dados Abertos Conectados advindos do domínio da Cientometria. Para tanto, baseando-se nos preceitos da Web Semântica, pontualmente, no processo metodológico Linked Data Lifecycle, duas bases de dados são abertamente mantidas na Web de Dados: a) o histórico do Índice Qualis (2005-2015); e b) um conjunto de registros de publicações em periódicos extraído da Plataforma Lattes. Como resultado, três estudos de caso reais são desenvolvidos, os quais consumem, relacionam e exploram os dados dessas fontes. Mediante os estudos realizados, conclui-se que as práticas relativas aos Dados Abertos Conectados contribuem na formação de bases de conhecimento institucionais, podendo suportar diversos estudos bibliométricos e cientométricos ou as atividades aderentes à Gestão do Conhecimento universidades brasileiras.
Contribuciones de la biblioteca universitaria a la internacionalización del campus: análisis sistemático de la literatura
Authors: Sánchez-Tarragó Nancy , Castellanos-Gallardo Inalvis , Bufrem Leilah Santiago
Published: February 2018

RESUMEN Los procesos de internacionalización universitaria constituyen respuesta adaptativa a un contexto mundial signado por la globalización, que implica, grosso modo, mayor interrelación política, económica y social entre países y regiones. En este contexto, es válido preguntarse cuál es el papel y las contribuciones de la biblioteca universitaria en los procesos de internacionalización del campus, teniendo en cuenta que, históricamente, su razón de ser ha sido servir de apoyo a la universidad en el desarrollo de sus funciones. Para encontrar respuestas se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada en Ciencia de la información entre el 2005 y el 2015 y un análisis bibliométrico de esa producción científica. Se constató un crecimiento continuo de la investigación publicada, liderada por bibliotecarios de Estados Unidos, China y Canadá, que abordan diferentes aristas del trabajo bibliotecario que apoyan tanto la educación transnacional como la internacionalización ‘en casa’: servicios bibliotecarios para apoyar estudiantes y programas en el exterior, programas de alfabetización informacional, estudios sobre la influencia de las diferencias culturales y lingüísticas en la comunicación y los servicios, desarrollo de colecciones, entre otras. Se identificaron recomendaciones para la práctica bibliotecaria relacionadas con estrategias administrativas, de servicios, infraestructura, formación e investigación.
Row spacing, plant density, sowing and harvest times for sweet sorghum1
Authors: Silva Josefa Maria Francieli da , Dutra Alek Sandro , Camara Felipe Thomaz da , Pinto Antônio Alves , Silva Francisco Edson da
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Along with sugarcane, which is the main crop used for ethanol production, the sweet sorghum is a promising agronomic and industrial alternative for cultivation in water-stress regions. This study aimed at assessing the row spacing (0.70 m, 0.80 m and 0.90 m) and plant density (80,000 plants ha-1; 100,000 plants ha-1; 120,000 plants ha-1; and 140,000 plants ha-1) for the BRS 511 sorghum cultivar, combined with sowing and harvest times. A split-plot experimental design, in complete randomized blocks, with four replications, was used. The analyzed variables were plant height, stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry matter, broth volume and total soluble solids (ºBrix). The results showed isolated effects of plant density on plant height and stem diameter, as well as effects of row spacing on total fresh mass and broth volume. The most efficient productive effect for the sweet sorghum was observed in populations lower than 120,000 plants ha-1 and row spacing inferior to 0.80 m, associated with harvest at 120 days after sowing.
Chemical and bioenergetic characterization of sorghum agronomic groups1
Authors: Pimentel Leonardo Duarte , Batista Vanessa Aparecida Pereira , Barros Angélica Fátima de , Teófilo Reinaldo Francisco , Dias Luiz Antônio dos Santos
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT The global demand and production of primary energy is expected to grow at a rate of 1.4 % per year by 2035. In the same period, the production of renewable energy is expected to grow at a rate of 6.6 % per year, rising from 3 % to 9 % of world primary energy. Therefore, the biofuels supply assumes a strategic role for world energy security. In this context, sorghum is a promising alternative in the bioenergetic sector, due to its agronomic characteristics and adaptability to limiting edaphoclimatic conditions. This study aimed at evaluating the productive potential of three sorghum agronomic groups (biomass, saccharin and forage), as well as chemically characterizing the biomass of these materials. For that, a field experiment was carried out using a randomized block design, where agronomic and chemical characteristics (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash), as well as moisture contents, were evaluated. The biomass sorghum cultivars presented a high yield (about 30 t ha-1 of dry stalk), being, for this reason, more suitable for the generation of solid biofuels, i.e., direct burning. On the other hand, the forage sorghum cultivars presented a lower lignin content in the stalks, in relation to the other cultivars, being indicated for the generation of liquid biofuels. It is also worth mentioning the possibility of producing second-generation bioethanol from saccharin sorghum bagasse. Therefore, sorghum presents different use potentials that may be exploited by the bioenergy sector according to the agronomic group and plant physical part.
Selection of fungi with biocontrol potential against the black spot disease of papaya1
Authors: Vivas Janieli Maganha Silva , Silveira Silvaldo Felipe da , Santos Pedro Henrique Dias dos , Pinho Danilo Batista , Pereira Olinto Liparini
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT The use of fungicides is the main control measure against the black-spot disease of papaya. The biological control is an alternative to that, being the selection of mycoparasitic fungi the first step in programs aiming at this kind of control. This study aimed to obtain and select fungi with potential to the biocontrol of the black spot disease of papaya. For this purpose, 24 isolates were collected from different regions and pathosystems, and then identified morphologically and by the ITS region sequencing. In order to evaluate the mycoparasite potential, two assessments, in a randomized block design, with three replications, were carried out in a shadehouse, being the obtained isolates inoculated on papaya leaves with black spot lesions. The average time for the appearance of mycoparasitism signs and the incidence of mycoparasitized black spot lesions were evaluated. Of the 24 isolates obtained, ten were from Hansfordia pulvinata, two from Lecanicillium lecaniium, two from Simplicillium lanossoniveum, one from Sarocladium implicatum and nine from Acremonium spp. A wide variability, concerning the mycoparasitism on black spot lesions, was observed, especially for the isolates H-611, H-613, H-614 and H-615, which showed the highest colonization averages. The results demonstrate that H. pulvinata has a great potential to be used as a biocontrol agent against Asperisporium caricae.
Physiological quality, initial establishment and yield of wheat according to the seed treatment method1
Authors: Freiberg Joice Aline , Ludwig Marcos Paulo , Decarli Leticia , Girotto Eduardo , Navarini Lucas
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT New technologies are being incorporated to the seed treatment process, such as the use of products on industrial scale. This study aimed at evaluating the seed quality of wheat cultivars, as well as the influence of the seed treatment method on the establishment and yield of this crop. Seeds of the cultivars Jadeite 11, Quartzo and Tec Frontale were treated with the Spectro® fungicide (difenoconazole - 200 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds), Cruiser Opti® insecticide (thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin - 200 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds) and Polifix G4 polymer (100 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds). A completely randomized design, with four replicates, was used. The treatments consisted of industrial treatment, on farm treatment with the same products and control. Germination, first germination count and moisture content tests were carried out immediately after the seed treatment and at 30, 90 and 150 days of storage. Seedling emergence in beds was evaluated at 30, 60 and 120 days of storage. Under a randomized block design, seedling emergence and grain yield were evaluated in the field in two sowing seasons. The conventional or industrial seed treatment methods do not reduce the physiological quality and emergence of high-vigor seeds stored for 150 days, under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. The conventional or industrial seed treatment with diphenoconazole + thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin + polymer does not increase the wheat crop plant stand and grain yield.
Cucurbits powdery mildew race identity and reaction of melon genotypes1
Authors: Rabelo Hudson de Oliveira , Santos Lucas da Silva , Diniz Guilherme Matos Martins , Marin Marcus Vinicius , Braz Leila Trevisan , McCreight James Donald
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Genetic resistance is one of the most suitable strategies to control cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) on melon, incited by Podosphaera xanthii or Golovinomyces orontii. However, many races of these pathogens have been reported worldwide in recent years, what may compromise the effectiveness of this method. Thus, annual surveys of CPM races and the screening of germplasm for new sources of genetic resistance provide a vital support to melon breeding programs. This study aimed at identifying a natural population of CPM race under greenhouse conditions, as well as evaluating the reaction of local and exotic melon germplasm for CPM-resistance. CPM race identity was based on the reaction of eight race differentials: Védrantais, Nantais Oblong, PMR 45, PMR 5, WMR 29, Edisto 47, PI 414723 and PI 124111. Fifty-nine melon genotypes were evaluated, 53 of them being germplasm accessions, and six net melon elite-inbred lines, besides two net melon-type cultivars (Louis and Fantasy). Plants were evaluated using a visual scale for leaf lesions. The causal pathogen was confirmed to be P. xanthii, based on the presence of fibrosin bodies in conidia and the complete resistance response of winter melon (Benincasa hispida). Race 4 was identified for the first time in the São Paulo state, Brazil. Genotypes A19, A30, A32, C67, C384, JAB-3, JAB-7, JAB-9, JAB-11, JAB-18, JAB-20 and Solarking showed to be resistant to the race 4.
Methods for overcoming dormancy in teak diaspores1
Authors: Soares Guilherme Octávio de Sousa , Leite Rubson da Costa , Silva Júnior Gerson Dias da , Reis Amanda da Silva , Soares José Lucas de Sousa , Leite Marcio Rogério Pereira
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Teak has one of the most valuable woods in the world. However, one of the main limitations to produce seedlings of this species is related to its slow and irregular germination. This study aimed to evaluate methods for overcoming dormancy in teak diaspores, as well as their influence on seedling quality. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six treatments and four replications, totaling 24 experimental units. The evaluated treatments were: control; immersion in water for 12 h and sun exposure for 12 h, a process that was repeated three times; mechanical scarification for 5 seconds, using an electric emery; oven treatment at 80 ºC, for 6 h; impact test on diaspores at the heights of 10 cm and 20 cm. The following parameters were evaluated: emergence percentage at 29 days after sowing; percentage of normal seedlings; emergence speed index; emergence relative frequency; seedling fresh and dry weight and seedling length. The use of oven heating at 80 ºC, for 6 h, is the most efficient method to overcome dormancy in teak diaspores. The methods used did not affect the seedlings quality.
Entre lo formal y lo sustantivo: La calidad de la asistencia al parto en el Uruguay
Authors: Alemán Natalia Magnone
Published: February 2018

Resumen Este artículo aborda una de las formas de violencia de género, la violencia en el marco de la asistencia al parto, contrastando los derechos sociales contenidos en la Ley de Salud Reproductiva uruguaya con el escenario donde se desarrolla la asistencia al parto. Para la discusión se tomaron entrevistas a personal de salud obstétrico y mujeres que han transitado por una experiencia de parto, realizadas en el marco de una maestría en sociología concluida y de un doctorado en curso. Como principal resultado aparece una distancia importante entre lo formal y lo sustantivo, siendo la violencia simbólica, expresada fundamentalmente a través de la relación médico-paciente, uno de los obstáculos para que “los derechos sean hechos”. En las conclusiones se exponen propuestas para mejorar el respeto de los derechos de las mujeres en la asistencia al parto, referidos a un cambio de enfoque que resulte en la transformación del modelo de asistencia y de los/as profesionales que asisten.
Desenvolvimento Profissional de Docentes Iniciantes na Educação Especial
Authors: Papi Silmara de Oliveira Gomes
Published: February 2018

Resumo: O desenvolvimento profissional de docentes iniciantes na profissão e na educação especial é pouco compreendido, mesmo sendo ele relevante para a prática docente e sua melhoria. Neste estudo analisam-se os desafios vivenciados por esses professores, tendo em vista compreender seu desenvolvimento profissional. Participaram da pesquisa professores de Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais (SRM) de escolas estaduais. A pesquisa tem abordagem crítico-dialética e enfoque qualitativo. Os resultados indicam fragilidades no desenvolvimento profissional dos iniciantes, que sentem dificuldades relacionadas à prática pedagógica e à burocracia, mesmo tendo formação específica na área. Sentem-se também estranhos à escola e buscam alternativas para suprir as lacunas existentes em relação à prática profissional.
ENSAIO DE LEITURA: INTERSECÇÕES E CORRELAÇÕES NO MUNDO DO TRABALHO E DO CUIDAR (BRASIL/FRANÇA)
Authors: Santos Luiz Antonio de Castro , Faria Lina
Published: February 2018

Resumo O presente ensaio de leitura se insere na linha das avaliações mais densas ou encorpadas dos review essays, composição típica das ciências sociais inglesas e norte-americanas. O foco do ensaio é a obra Gênero e trabalho no Brasil e na França: perspectivas interseccionais, uma coletânea organizada pelas sociólogas Alice Rangel de Paiva Abreu, Helena Hirata e Maria Rosa Lombardi. Procura captar, de modo cuidadoso, o cenário aberto por múltiplos olhares suscitados pelas organizadoras da coletânea. Como foco comum, que dá sentido à diversidade de contribuições, discutem-se os desafios e obstáculos enfrentados por protagonistas, seus movimentos sociais e instituições no mundo da divisão sexual do trabalho e do cuidar. Nossa narrativa procura transmitir a visão geral das complexas relações entre trabalho, cuidado, cidadania, ética, políticas do corpo e políticas sociais mais amplas, no Brasil e na França, abordadas nos capítulos.
YOUTH AND THE NEW CULTURE OF WORK: CONSIDERATIONS DRAWN FROM DIGITAL WORK
Authors: Lima Jacob Carlos , Pires Aline Suelen
Published: February 2018

Abstract This article discusses how the "new culture of work," which is characterized by the entrepreneurial discourse of flexible work and the demand that workers be mobile, adaptable, creative, innovative, autonomous and self-entrepreneurs, among other subjective attributes, holds "young people" as its ideal model. "Generation Y," as presented by business literature and media, embodies all the "qualities" that companies deem to be desirable in a worker whose flexibility is pushed to the limit. Based on research with Information Technology (IT) professionals in the state of São Paulo, we try to demonstrate that the construction of a positive ideal of creative and innovative youth obscures the intense nature of the work with these technologies, defined by "projectification" and instability.
Parâmetros prosódicos de leitura em escolares do segundo ao quinto ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Celeste Letícia Corrêa , Pereira Edlaine Souza , Pereira Naira Rúbia Rodrigues , Alves Luciana Mendonça
Published: February 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar a variação melódica e a velocidade de leitura, comparando-as e verificando se há evolução de acordo com o avanço da escolaridade. Método Foi analisada a leitura de 78 escolares do 2° ao 5° ano do Ensino Fundamental I, por meio do Praat, por meio da análise dos parâmetros de variação melódica (F0) e velocidade de leitura (Duração) e foram realizadas medidas estatísticas (média e desvio padrão) e o teste de student (com nível de significância de 5%). Resultados Foi possível observar que a variação melódica e a velocidade de leitura tendem a aumentar com o desenvolvimento da escolaridade, especialmente para o quinto ano. Conclusão A variação melódica aumenta de acordo com o avanço da escolaridade, assim como a velocidade de leitura, sendo maiores os resultados para o quinto ano. Verificou-se que a análise de leitura do primeiro minuto seria necessária para a análise da velocidade de leitura de textos, não sendo necessária a análise do texto completo.
Tipologia de manejo de ordenha: análise de fatores de risco para a mastite subclínica
Authors: Lange Maichel J. , Zambom Maximiliane A. , Pozza Magali S.S. , Simões Gilberto H. , Fernandes Tatiane , Tinini Rodrigo C.R. , Fornari Josias , Anschau Fernando A.
Published: February 2018

RESUMO: Apesar do volume de leite produzido, a qualidade da matéria-prima é um dos maiores entraves ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e à consolidação da indústria de laticínios no Brasil. Dentre os entraves, toma destaque a contagem de células somáticas do leite, que é o indicador mais usado em programas de controle e prevenção da mastite em todo o mundo. Com objetivo de identificar características no manejo de ordenha e quantificar fatores de risco que elevam a mastite subclínica e seus principais agentes causadores, realizou-se coleta de dados in loco em propriedades leiteiras na região Oeste do Paraná, coletas que consistiam na aplicação de dois questionários guia semi-estruturados, acompanhamento de uma ordenha e coleta de leite de três vacas que apresentassem o teste de CMT positivo. Com a utilização do método estatístico de análise de correspondência múltipla (ACM) chegou-se a um montante de 12 variáveis a serem estudadas e a formação das dimensões 1 e 2 com 28,54% e 21,06% da variância explicada respectivamente. Com a análise de classificação hierárquica ascendente permitiu reduzir o universo inicial de 112 vacas para quatro grupos homogêneos de produção (G1, G2, G3, G4). As características de manejo de ordenha: tipo de ordenha, secagem dos tetos antes da ordenha, tratamento para casos de mastite clínica, higiene das mãos do ordenhador e treinamento dos ordenadores foram identificados como fatores de risco para mastite subclínica com isolamento do agente Staphylococcus coagulase negativo, o qual foi o agente mais prevalente nos isolamentos microbiológicos das amostras de leite com mastite subclínica.
Analysis of lower urinary tract disease of dogs
Authors: Mendóza-López Claudia Iveth , Del-Angel-Caraza Javier , Quijano-Hernández Israel Alejandro , Barbosa-Mireles Marco Antonio
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: Lower urinary tract diseases (LUTD) include different conditions that affect the urinary bladder, urethra and prostate. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of different related diseases, to characterize the population affected, and to determine risk factors in dogs. The clinical cases were diagnosed with LUTD through physical examination, and clinical laboratory and imaging studies. Male dogs had a greater predisposition to present a LUTD. Dogs from 3 months to 18 years with a median of 8 years were affected, and the most affected breeds were Poodle, Labrador, German shepherd, Schnauzer, Cocker Spaniel and Chihuahua. The LUTD presented with the following frequencies: bacterial urinary tract infection 34.02%; micturition disorders 22.68%; urolithiasis 20.61%; prostatic disease 14.43%; traumatic problems 8.24%. Sixty-seven per cent of the cases were specific diseases, such as uncomplicated and complicated bacterial urinary tract infections, urinary retention of neurologic origin and silica urolithiasis.
Avaliação clínica, endoscópica e histopatológica de cães com doença inflamatória intestinal
Authors: Cascon Clarice M. , Mello Marcela F.V. , Leite Juliana S. , Ferreira Ana M.R.
Published: February 2018

RESUMO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar macro e microscopicamente a mucosa gastrintestinal de cães domiciliados, que apresentaram sinais gastrintestinais crônicos, por meio de exame endoscópico e da avaliação histopatológica. Os sinais clínicos, a macro e a microscopia das mucosas gástrica e duodenal foram correlacionados. Foram avaliados 20 cães de diferentes raças, sendo 7 machos e 13 fêmeas, com idade variando entre 1,7 a 15,8 anos, que apresentavam cronicidade dos sinais característicos da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal (DII). O estudo foi prospectivo e transversal, realizado em cães atendidos no Hospital Universitário de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense (HUVET - UFF) e em clínicas privadas do município do Rio de Janeiro. Amostras de mucosa gastroduodenal foram obtidas por meio de biópsia endoscópica e foram processadas por técnica histológica de rotina e coradas por Hematoxilina-Eosina e Giemsa. As amostras foram submetidas à análise histopatológica para pesquisa de bactérias espiraladas sugestivas de Helicobacter spp. O teste rápido da urease também foi realizado. Os sinais clínicos, e os achados macro e microscópicos foram confrontados e correlacionados. Neste estudo, foi possível estabelecer correlação positiva entre a perda de peso e a presença de enantema no antro, no corpo e no duodeno além de correlação entre alteração do apetite, a presença de infiltrado inflamatório gástrico e a positividade no teste da urease. Este estudo demonstrou a importância da observação de alguns sinais clínicos como a perda de peso e alterações do apetite no curso da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal. Desta forma, enfatiza-se que cães que apresentem tais sinais clínicos devem ter a Doença Inflamatória Intestinal incluída no grupo de diagnósticos diferenciais evitando, com isso, negligenciar uma enfermidade que, cada vez mais, acomete animais de pequeno porte.
Anatomy description of cervical region and hyoid apparatus in living giant anteaters Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Borges Naida C. , Nardotto João R.B. , Oliveira Raquel S.L. , Rüncos Larissa H.E. , Ribeiro Rejane G. , Bogoevich Andria M.
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: The giant anteater has specific anatomical adaptations resulting from its ant and termite feeding habits. The unique arrangement of its hyoid apparatus is essential for the ingestion of food. However, its description in the literature is based on fragments and fossils, making it difficult to determine existing anatomical details in live animals. Imaging techniques, which enable the topographical anatomy of animals to be examined noninvasively, provide essential information for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The aim of this study is to describe the bone contours in the hyoid apparatus of the giant anteater by means of radiographic and tomographic images. Giant anteaters of varying ages from the Wild Animal Screening Center (CETAS-GO) were used, seven for X-ray exams and two adults for CT exams. The hyoid elements in all the animals were evaluated using the two imaging techniques, and were visualized in the cervical region of C2 to C6, which comprises three paired bones (stylohyoid, epihyoid, ceratohyoid) and one unpaired bone (basihyoid). The presence of air in the oropharynx enabled the assessment of soft tissue structures in this region, such as the epiglottis and the soft palate. CT axial sections are of limited usefulness for evaluating the hyoid bones, but enable assessments of the basihyoid bone and its characteristic V-shape. Thus, to analyze the hyoid region in anteaters based on radiographic and tomographic images, one must keep in mind that the stylohyoid, epihyoid and ceratohyoid bones are situated ventrally to the C2 to C5 vertebrae and that the basihyoid at the level of C5-C6 demarcates the transition between the nasopharynx and the trachea. The nasopharynx and oropharynx extend from C1 to C5, and the trachea begins at the level of C6.
An effective stress framework for estimating penetration resistance accounting for changes in soil strength from maintained load, remoulding and reconsolidation
Authors: Zhou Z. , White D. J. , O'Loughlin C. D.
Published: February 2018

Some offshore foundations are subjected to intermittent episodes of remoulding and reconsolidation during installation and operational processes. The maintained and cyclic loads, and subsequent reconsolidation processes, cause changes in the geotechnical capacity, particularly in soft clays. This changing capacity affects the in-service behaviour, including changes to the safety margin, the extraction resistance, the stiffness and structural fatigue rates and also the overall system reliability. This paper provides a new analysis framework to capture these effects, based on estimation of the changing soil strength. The framework is developed using critical state concepts in the effective stress domain, and by discretising the soil domain as a one-dimensional column of soil elements. This framework is designed as the simplest basis on which to capture spatially varying changes in strength due to maintained and cyclic loads, and the associated remoulding and reconsolidation processes. The framework can be used to interpret cyclic penetrometer tests, as well as foundation behaviour. This provides a basis for the approach to be used in design, by scaling directly from penetrometer tests to foundation behaviour. Centrifuge tests are used to illustrate the performance of this approach. The penetration resistance during cyclic T-bar penetrometer tests and spudcan footing installation with periods of maintained loading and consolidation is accurately captured. The framework therefore provides a basis to predict the significant changes in penetration resistance caused by changing soil strength, and can bridge between in situ penetrometer tests and design assessments of soil–structure interaction.
Thermal processing contaminants in foodstuffs and potential strategies of control
Authors: Studer A. , Blank I. , H Stadler R.
Published: February 2018

Over the past decades, researchers from academia, industry, and National authorities and enforcement laboratories, have gained increasing insight in understanding the presence, formation and potential risk to public health posed by the compounds formed during the domestic cooking and heat-processing of different foods. Compounds already intensively studied are the heterocyclic aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and chloropropanols. Concrete measures have been introduced by the food industry to control certain contaminants, exemplified by the introduction of enzymatic hydrolysis of plant proteins or over-neutralization to reduce concentrations of chloropropanols in savoury flavours. The recent discovery of acrylamide in cooked foods has raised much concern, and sparked intensive scientific studies into the occurrence, analysis, exposure, mechanisms of formation, possible measures of control, and toxicology of the compound. However, since acrylamide formation is directly linked to the desired Maillard reaction that generates important flavour and aroma compounds – as well as chemicals with potentially beneficial health effects – any measures taken must assess the impact on overall quality and consumer acceptance of the food product. In addition, mitigation must be devised in such a way as not to increase the risks for other possibly more severe short and medium to long-term health risks. In this context, understanding the impact of changes in processing on the safety of foods will be of paramount importance. In May 2004 the US FDA published findings of trace levels of furan in different foods, corroborating older data and raising some concerns, albeit without reference to any health risks. Particularly canned and jarred foods that are subject to thermal treatment are apparently affected, as the volatile furan is essentially “trapped” in the food container. Analogous to the acrylamide concern, there is a paucity of knowledge in all scientific domains, i.e. exposure, methods of analysis, mechanisms of formation, toxicology. Finally, a concern that needs to be addressed is the lack of knowledge about the effects of final preparation in food service and domestic situations on the formation of processing contaminants. In essence, consumers should follow sound dietary and health advice by choosing diets based on balance, variety and moderation.
S-Substituted cysteine derivatives in production of flavour and colour
Authors: Velíšek J. , Kubec R.
Published: February 2018

A brief review of our continuous investigations on S-substituted cysteine derivatives is presented herein. It comprises a summary on nonenzymatic (thermal) decomposition of these amino acids as well as on their role in the formation of blue and pink pigments during processing of garlic and onion, respectively. The emphasis is put on four most common derivatives, namely S-methyl-, S-allyl-, S-1-propenyl- and S-propylcysteine sulfoxides (methiin, alliin, isoalliin and propiin, respectively). Our results demonstrate that these sulfur-containing amino acids are the key primary precursors in the formation of both flavour and colour of alliaceous plants.
Antioxidation capacity of Maillard systems with carbonyl products of sugar fragmentation
Authors: Cejpek K. , Jarolímová L. , Velíšek J.
Published: February 2018

A role of reactive C2-C5 α-dicarbonyl and α-hydroxycarbonyl products of sugar fragmentation in the development of antioxidative activity (AOA) was investigated after heating in 0.5M binary aqueous mixtures with amino acids. Several kinetic and activity parameters related to the development of reducing power in the systems with different carbonyl fragments as well as glucose were evaluated and compared. The formation of electrochemically active compounds was correlated with colour development. To assess the antioxidation effects more properly, several different methods were used for AOA evaluation of the systems tested in addition to the HPLC-ECD method. Tests with scavenging of radicals or assays evaluating oxidation in different media (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, emulsions) were employed. Biacetyl was found as by far the most powerful precursor of reducing activity among the fragments tested. The major products possessing reducing power were isolated and characterized revealing dihydroxy dimethylbenzene structures. Based on the comparison of the same concentrations of BHA and a parent carbonyl compound, AOA found by different methods in the most powerful systems is fully comparable with BHA efficiency.
Synthesis of (Z,Z)-octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid
Authors: Kellersmann C. , Francke W. , Steinhart H.
Published: February 2018

(Z,Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid was synthesised by coupling (Z)-1-bromohept-1-ene with protected undec-10-yne-1-ol. Stereoselective hydrogenation of the triple bond of the obtained enyne-system followed by deprotection yielded (Z,ZZ)-octadeca-10,12-dienol. The latter can be easily oxidized to the corresponding acid.
Influence of phenolic compounds on sensory parameters of tea infusions
Authors: Košulič P. , Pokorný J. , Panovská Z.
Published: February 2018

A set of 9 black teas and 10 green teas were analyzed. Sensory parameters of tea infusions were correlated with the content of total polyphenols (determined after Folin and Ciocalteu) and sensory parameters (determined after ISO standards). Total polyphenols affect both the astringency and the bitterness of green tea and black tea infusions. The relations are mainly semilogarithmic, but very close to linear. Sucrose decreased the astringency by 30–40%, and the bitterness was suppressed still more.
Peroxyl radical scavenging activity of soluble high molecular weight fraction from coffee brews
Authors: Delgado-Andrade C. , J Morales F.
Published: February 2018

Roasting process of coffee beans affects the final composition of coffee brew. While the presence of some of its antioxidant compounds (phenolic acids) decrease throughout the treatment, melanoidins are formed during the thermal process. Recent research into nutritional, physiological and functional properties of melanoidins has suggested that they have antioxidant activity. Instant coffees produced from roasted coffee beans were obtained from a company coffee in three different roasting degrees: light (CTn 110), medium (CTn 85) and dark (CTn 60). Melanoidins of high molecular weight (> 10 000 Da) were obtained from each coffee, as well as pure melanoidins by incubation in 2M ClNa and ultrafiltration. CGA contained in extractes of different melanoidins (1 mg/ml) was measured by HPLC. Peroxyl radical scavenging activity of melanoidins and pure melanoidins were tested using a procedure to inhibite the peroxidation of linoleic acid. Antioxidant efficiency (AE50, ml/min/mg) was calculated as the slope of the time of inhibition at 50% (min) against concentration (mg/ml). No significant differences were found between melanoidins and pure melanoidins in the different roasting degrees. Peroxyl radical scavenging activity of melanoidins from coffee brew is mainly due to the chelated compounds by ionic binds.
Guaiacol formation in apple juice, effect of selected additives on Alicyclobacillus growth
Authors: Fabíková I. , Voldřich M. , Ševčík R. , Hönigová P. , Čeřovský M.
Published: February 2018

Disinfectant or card-board off-flavour formation was observed in the batch of pasteurised reconstituted apple juice. Aroma profile of products was analysed using SPME and GC/MS, guaiacol was detected in the apple juice sample as well as apple concentrate. Sporulating bacteria Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, which are able to growth in acidic conditions were isolated and identified as the cause of the off flavour formation. The possibilities of flavour formation inhibition using various additives were evaluated. The inhibitory effect of nisin, sulphur dioxide, benzoic acid and EDTA was followed. The best way of prevention is the sufficient washing and disinfection of apples prior the processing e.g. using chlorine dioxide. But when the treatment is insufficient and contaminated apples are to be processed the tested additives can prolong the lag phase and increase product stability. The inhibitory effect of the tested additives decreased in the order: benzoic acid, EDTA, nisin and sulphur dioxide.
Comparison of two methods for acrylamide determination and dietary intake of acrylamide from potato crisps in Slovakia
Authors: Ciesarová Z. , Balasová V. , Kiss E. , Kolek E. , Šimko P. , Kováč M.
Published: February 2018

Two GC/MS methods for acrylamide determination in potato crisps were used. By the method without derivatisation the presence of acrylamide was confirmed. The quantities of acrylamide were compared by the bromination method with 13C3-acrylamide and D3-acrylamide as internal standards. A suitable agreement between the results obtained from two independent laboratories was achieved; the difference was less than 5%. Using average level of acrylamide in crisps 986.5 μg/kg and mean consumption data on potato crisps in Slovakia it was calculated that consumers are exposed to 8.5 μg acrylamide daily from its which means 0.12 μg/kg body weight/day. This amount contributes to 20–40% of daily acrylamide intake from food.
Changes of free fatty acids during ripening of Niva cheese
Authors: Vítová E. , Zemanová J. , Bezděková Š. , Babák L. , Loupancová B. , Březina P.
Published: February 2018

Changes in the concentrations of free fatty acids in Niva cheese were monitored over the ripening period. Fatty acids were analyzed as methyl esters using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Identification has been carried out by comparison of the retention times with those of standard substances. Methanol esterification method using potassium hydroxide catalysis was used for preparing the sample of the fatty acids. The method is simple in respect to instrumentation and chemicals. It can be applied directly to the cheese matrix, which significantly decreases the time for sample preparation. There were total of 30 fatty acids identified in the cheese. Capric, myristic, palmitic, stearic and oleic acids represented the largest proportion of acid content and the most significant changes during ripening.
Monitoring of oligopeptides from blue-veined cheese during ripening
Authors: Zemanová J. , Vítová E. , Hadra L. , Fišera M.
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study is an isolation of oligopeptides from blue-veined cheese during different stages of ripening and sugests a method which allows their determination, especially electrophoresis. Extraction by water was used to isolate nitrogen compounds and the obtained extract was further fractionated and recleaned. First, high-molecular peptides and proteins were precipitated by methanol, second, the methanol-soluble fraction was further fractionated by gel permeation chromatography. The fractions obtained by this procedures were then analysed using capillary electrophoresis. The obtained results indicate that this procedure, may be applicable for isolation of oligopeptides from cheese allowing also determination of the individual peptides. This is necessary in particular for monitoring of formation and origin of bitter peptides in cheese, which cannegativelly influence the final flavour of cheese.
Application of NIR analysis to verify cocoa powder authenticity
Authors: Trilčová A. , Čopíková J. , A Coimbra M. , Barros A. , Egert L. , Synytsya A. , Křístková H.
Published: February 2018

At the present time the use of reliable control methods to ensure the labeled quality of food is task for organizations that have to limit or eliminate the falsification. The presentation describes the results of common analytical methods, NIR spectrometry and FT-IR spectrometry applied to cocoa powder. The two spectrometric techniques are statistically processed that allows discrimination of authentic and fraudulent cocoa powder samples.
Effect of gamma-irradiation on microbial decontamination and organoleptic quality of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Authors: Sádecká J. , Kolek E. , Salková Z. , Petríková J. , Kováč M.
Published: February 2018

The influence of ionizing radiation treatment with different doses (5 kGy, 10 kGy and 30 kGy) of γ-rays on the microbial decontamination of powdered black pepper was investigated. It was found out that a dose of 5 kGy is sufficient to achieve a total viable count of microbial contamination. Subsequently the effect of γ-irradiation dose on the possible changes in composition of the black pepper essential oil and simultaneous potential alterations in its organoleptic quality (flavour) were studied. No significant changes in the volatile oil compounds content were observed with the radiation doses of 5 kGy and 10 kGy. Ionizing dose of 30 kGy resulted in triple increase of caryophyllene oxide concentration in compare with an untreated sample. The olfactometric analysis showed non-significant changes in flavour.