bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ekstrak Lemak Gracilaria verrucosa sebagai Antibakteri Shigella dysentriae dan Escherichia coli
Authors: Panjaitan Riong Seulina , Simanjuntak Yulia Verawati , Sumantri Sumantri
Published: June 2020

Makroalga merupakan salah satu sumber daya hayati yang melimpah di perairan Indonesia. Genus Gracilaria merupakan salah satu makroalga merah yang diketahui memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Genus ini memiliki ciri thallus agak padat dan keras untuk melekat pada substrat.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri lipid/lemak dari Gracilaria verrucosa. Ekstraksi lipid/lemak dilakukan dengan metode Folch yang dimodifikasi menggunakan teknik Soxhlet dengan perbandingan pelarut metanol : kloroform 1:2 (v/v). Identifikasi profil asam lemak menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Uji aktivitas antibakteri berdasarkan metode disc-diffusion dan penentuan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) menggunakan 5 konsentrasi berbeda yaitu, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100% (v/v). Bakteri uji yang digunakan adalah Shigella dysentriae dan Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan lipid keseluruhan yang diperoleh sebesar 3,45% (v/v) dengan komposisi fasa kloroform sebesar 1,15% (v/v) dan fasa metanol sebesar 2,30% (v/v). Hasil identifikasi GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa lipid fasa metanol mengandung asam palmitat dan asam oleat. Sedangkan lipid fasa kloroform mengandung asam miristat, asam palmitoleat, asam stearat, asam arakidonat, asam palmitat dan asam oleat. Kedua fasa lipid menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Shigella dysentriae dan Escherichia coli. AbstractMacroalga (seaweed) is one of the abundant marine biological resources from Indonesian Waters. Gracilaria is a type of red macroalgae that has secondary metabolites as an antibacterial agent. Gracilaria has thallus that rather dense and hard to attach to the substrate. The objective of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of lipids from Gracilaria verrucosa. Lipids were extracted according to Folch method using Soxhlet technique in which the ratio of methanol : chloroform was 1:2 (v/v). Fatty acid profile was identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc-diffusion method using five different concentrations to determinate the minimum inhibitory concentration (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% (v/v)). Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli were used as test bacteria. The results showed that total lipid amount was 3.45% with 1.15% (v/v) consisted in chloroform phase and 2.30% (v/v) consisted in methanol phase. GC-MS identification results showed that methanol lipid phase contained palmitic acid and oleic acid, while the chloroform lipid phase had myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. Both of lipid phases showed activities against Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli.
Serious Game e-Baby Família: an educational technology for premature infant care
Authors: D’Agostini Marcela Mobiglia , Aredes Natália Del Angelo , Campbell Suzanne Hetzel , Fonseca Luciana Mara Monti
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop and assess the serious game e-Baby Família with parents of premature infants. Methods: a methodological study regarding the development of the serious game, with participatory design in scope definition, starting from parents’ learning needs about premature infant care. A qualitative approach was performed in the assessment stage with parents, with content analysis of the speech of the eight participants. Results: the following categories emerged: Realistic appearance of the virtual setting and game content and Gameplay implications for the use of e-Baby Família. The game was satisfactorily assessed regarding content, appearance and dynamics use, motivating participants to learn. Final Considerations: in the context of prematurity as a public health problem in Brazil and the need to strengthen family health education for care, the serious game was assessed as motivating and appropriate for health learning.
Practice of breastfeeding in quilombola communities in the light of transcultural theory
Authors: Martins Lucas Amaral , Oliveira Rafaele Marques de , Camargo Climene Laura de , Aguiar Aline Cristiane de Sousa Azevedo , Santos Deisy Vital dos , Whitaker Maria Carolina Ortiz , Souza Jamile Moreira Machado de
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify factors that interfere with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in quilombola communities. Methods: qualitative research based on the Transcultural Theory proposed by Madeleine Leininger, performed with quilombola mothers. For data collection, we used the semi-structured interview, conducted from June 2018 to January 2019. Content analysis was guided by the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. Results: it was revealed that intergenerational cultural myths and customs interfere with breastfeeding practice, and identified the influence of professional nurses on best breastfeeding practices. Final Considerations: cultural and intergenerational factors favor early weaning and expose the child to illness.
Validation of interventions for risk of impaired skin integrity in adult and aged patients
Authors: Meneses Lenilma Bento de Araújo , Medeiros Fabíola de Araújo Leite , Oliveira Jacira Santos , Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima da , Silva Mirian Alves da , Soares Maria Júlia Guimarães Oliveira
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate nursing interventions for the diagnosis Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity in adult and aged hospitalized patients. Methods: descriptive, quantitative study, using the content validity of interventions done by 14 specialist nurses. Results: the specialist nurses had worked in the area for more than five years. Four (28.5%) used NANDA-I and CIPE®, three (21.4%) used NANDA-I, NIC and CIPE®, three (21.4%) used NANDA-I, NIC, NOC and CIPE® and four (28.5%) were currently working only with CIPE®. The validation analyzed 32 NIC interventions, of which 11 were priority and 21 were suggested. Of the priority interventions, five belonged to the Physiological/Complex domain, five to the Physiological/Basic domain and one to the Safety Domain. Final Considerations: nursing interventions are essential for planning and support good practices in teaching, research and care.
Political appointments in municipal governments and bureaucratic performance: evaluating achievement
Authors: CARDOSO ANDRÉ LUIS RABELO , MARENCO ANDRÉ
Published: June 2020

Resumo Este artigo aborda a politização das estruturas burocráticas dos municípios brasileiros mediante cargos comissionados (CCs). Os dados foram obtidos por meio do banco de dados do grupo de pesquisa Instituições Políticas Comparadas (IpoC), do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), e dos sites oficiais do Conselho Federal de Administração (CFA) e da Federação das Indústrias do Rio de Janeiro (FIRJAN). Inicialmente, verificou-se o grau de variabilidade da distribuição desses cargos nas estruturas municipais e a qualidade instrucional desses servidores. Em seguida, procedeu-se a uma análise de dependência espacial global e local. Além disso, analisou-se estatisticamente, via teste t independente, a diferença de desempenho entre os municípios com maiores capacidades dos comissionados em comparação àqueles com menores capacidades dos comissionados e entre os municípios com maiores quantidades de comissionados em comparação àqueles com menores quantidades de comissionados. Como proxy de desempenho, utilizou-se o produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita municipal, o Índice FIRJAN de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM) e o Índice de Governança Municipal (IGM), criado pelo CFA. O resultado traz à tona a complexidade da administração pública municipal, já que os diversos testes divergem sobre os efeitos da capacitação e da quantidade de servidores comissionados como elementos preditores de um melhor desepenho dos municípios.
Uma análise dos consórcios intermunicipais para serviços de tratamento de resíduos sólidos a partir da ação coletiva institucional
Authors: Fernandes Antônio Sérgio Araújo , Pinheiro Lauro Santos , Nascimento Alex Bruno F. M. do , Grin Eduardo José
Published: June 2020

Abstract This article analyzes the factors that affect local governments’ decision-making processes on whether to engage in cooperative agreements through intermunicipal consortia. Several studies have examined this issue in Western developed countries, but there is a gap in the literature regarding the phenomenon in the developing world. The research addresses this gap and observes the Brazilian local governments’ policies on waste services, focusing on cooperative agreements such as interlocal consortia. These arrangements may be a solution to the political and managerial challenges of providing public services in many areas, including waste collection, treatment, and disposal. However, it is still unclear what factors influence municipalities in their decision to cooperate. Based on cross-sectional research exploring 963 Brazilian municipalities and on the perspective of Institutional Collective Action, this study identified characteristics of communities, transaction characteristics of goods, and the structure of policy networks that influence the local governments in their decision to work cooperatively. The findings shed light on the field of public policies, particularly those carried out through intermunicipal consortia.
An analysis of intermunicipal consortia to provide waste services based on institutional collective action
Authors: Fernandes Antônio Sérgio Araújo , Pinheiro Lauro Santos , Nascimento Alex Bruno F. M. do , Grin Eduardo José
Published: June 2020

Abstract This article analyzes the factors that affect local governments’ decision-making processes on whether to engage in cooperative agreements through intermunicipal consortia. Several studies have examined this issue in Western developed countries, but there is a gap in the literature regarding the phenomenon in the developing world. The research addresses this gap and observes the Brazilian local governments’ policies on waste services, focusing on cooperative agreements such as interlocal consortia. These arrangements may be a solution to the political and managerial challenges of providing public services in many areas, including waste collection, treatment, and disposal. However, it is still unclear what factors influence municipalities in their decision to cooperate. Based on cross-sectional research exploring 963 Brazilian municipalities and on the perspective of Institutional Collective Action, this study identified characteristics of communities, transaction characteristics of goods, and the structure of policy networks that influence the local governments in their decision to work cooperatively. The findings shed light on the field of public policies, particularly those carried out through intermunicipal consortia.
Conditions for outcomes evaluation in public policies: a debate on the role of institutionality
Authors: Queiroz Lucia de Fatima Nascimento de , Capelari Mauro Guilherme Maidana
Published: June 2020

Abstract The goals of this analysis are (i) to offer elements of reflection to the actors who design and implement public policies; (ii) to keep the debate on outcomes evaluation alight; (iii) to contribute toward integrating the debate on evaluation to the complexity of actions in the public sector. This theoretical essay researched works published on the subject from 1979 to 2019. The investigation of the approaches offered by the selected authors allowed identifying variables that are relevant to the analysis of public policies. The variables are expressed in the influences of institutional trajectories, actors, and organizational context. The analysis brings the following concluions: (i) the link between institutionality and the capacity to conduct results evaluations in public policies deserves attention in future studies; (ii) the debate on the topic can be strengthened by analyses that consider not only the decisions adopted, but also the rules, norms and strategies that define the political-institutional scene in which public policies are implemented.
Exploring shared leadership in public organizations: evidence from the educational arena
Authors: Carvalho Juliana , Sobral Filipe , Mansur Juliana
Published: June 2020

Abstract Collective leadership, reflecting the representative and participatory character of bureaucracies, is known to have a good fit for public organizations. Despite the importance of the topic, very few studies have examined what triggers the emergence of shared or participative leadership in public organizations and how these plural forms of leadership translate into team outcomes. To fill this gap, this study explores whether the existence of an organizational climate characterized by participative safety (a climate characterized by shared purpose, social support, and voice) can facilitate the emergence of collective forms of leadership, such as shared leadership. Further, we investigate if shared leadership ultimately influences an important organizational outcome: voluntary turnover. To test our model, we conducted a field study with 96 public schools and more than 1,000 teachers of the public educational system of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Our results highlight the importance of the existence of a favorable organizational climate for the emergence of shared leadership and provide evidence of the positive effects of this type of leadership on reducing turnover ratings among public teachers.
Forecasting the rate of cumulative cases of COVID-19 infection in Northeast Brazil: a Boltzmann function-based modeling study
Authors: Melo Géssyca Cavalcante de , Araújo Neto Renato Américo de , Araújo Karina Conceição Gomes Machado de
Published: June 2020

Abstract: The COVID-19 death rate in Northeast Brazil is much higher when compared to the national average, demanding a study into the prognosis of the region for planning control measures and preventing the collapse of the health care system. We estimated the potential total cumulative cases of COVID-19 in the region for the next three months. Our study included all confirmed cases, from March 8 until April 28, 2020, collected from the official website that reports the situation of COVID-19 infections in Brazil. The Boltzmann function was applied to a data simulation for each set of data regarding different states. The model data were well fitted, with R2 values close to 0.999. Up to April 28, 20,665 cases were confirmed in the region. The state of Ceará has the highest rate of accumulated cases per 100,000 inhabitants (75.75), followed by Pernambuco. We estimated that the states of Ceará, Sergipe and Paraíba will experience a dramatic increase in the rate of cumulative cases until July 31. Maranhão, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Piauí showed a more discreet increase in the model. For Bahia and Alagoas, a 4.7 and 6.6-fold increase in the rate was estimated, respectively. We estimate a substantial increase in the rate of cumulative cases per 100,000 inhabitants in the region within three months, especially for Ceará, Sergipe and Paraíba. The Boltzmann function proved to be a simple tool for epidemiological forecasting that can help planning the measures to contain COVID-19.
Life expectancy with negative physical oral health impact on quality of life in older adults
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo José Pereira , Alves Luciana Correia , Duarte Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira , Andrade Fabíola Bof de
Published: June 2020

Abstract: Oral impairments can affect overall health and life expectancy in older adults. Our study evaluates the life expectancy with negative physical oral health impact on quality of life (POHIQoL) among older adults. Life expectancy with negative POHIQoL was estimated by the Sullivan method, using the prevalence of POHIQoL - obtained in the Health, Well-being and Ageing (SABE Study); and official mortality data for adults aged 60 years or older living in São Paulo, Brazil. Between 2000 and 2010, negative POHIQoL increased from 23.4% (95%CI: 20.2-26.9) to 30.4% (95%CI: 27.0-34.3) among older adults; total life expectancy increased from 22 and 17.5 to 23.7 and 19.4 years among 60-year-old women and men, respectively; and the proportion of remaining years to be lived with negative POHIQoL increased from 25.1% to 32.1% for the same age group. In both years, individuals aged 60 years with lower education level were expected to live more years with negative POHIQoL when compared with the most schooled ones (2000: 15.9 [95%CI: 15.0-16.8] vs. 14.3 [95%CI: 13.7-14.8]; 2010: 16.3 [95%CI: 15.1-17.4] vs. 14.1 [95%CI: 13.2-15.1]). Similarly, women were expected to live more years with negative POHIQoL than men. Within ten years, life expectancy with negative POHIQoL increased, as well as the existence of inequalities in sex and education level among Brazilian older adults. Expansion in coverage and focus on equity in dental care are still necessary to overcome persistent dental-related problems and inequalities and, therefore, contribute to healthy ageing.
Predictive Mean Matching como método de imputação alternativo ao hot deck no Vigitel
Authors: Santos Iolanda Karla Santana dos , Conde Wolney Lisbôa
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a estimativa das médias de peso, altura e índice de massa corporal (IMC) segundo dois métodos de imputação, usando dados do Vigitel (Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico). O delineamento do estudo é transversal e utilizaram-se dados secundários do Vigitel do período de 2006 a 2017. Os dois métodos para imputação utilizados no estudo foram hot deck e Predictive Mean Matching (PMM). As variáveis peso e altura imputadas por hot deck foram disponibilizadas pelo Vigitel. Dois modelos foram conduzidos com a utilização da PMM: (i) variáveis explicativas - cidade, sexo, idade em anos, raça/cor e escolaridade; (ii) variáveis explicativas - cidade, sexo e idade em anos. Nos dois modelos, as variáveis peso e altura foram as variáveis de desfecho. Na PMM, combinam-se regressão linear e seleção aleatória de valor para imputação. A predição linear é usada como medida de distância entre o valor faltante e os seus possíveis doadores e, com isso, se cria o espaço virtual com os casos candidatos a ceder o valor para imputação. Um dos candidatos do pool é aleatoriamente selecionado, e o seu valor é atribuído à unidade faltante. O IMC foi calculado por meio da divisão do peso em quilogramas pela altura ao quadrado. Nos resultados, apresentamos as médias e erros-padrão de peso, altura e IMC, segundo método de imputação e ano de monitoramento. Nas estimativas, utilizou-se o módulo survey do Stata, que considera os efeitos da amostragem. Observou-se que os valores médios de peso, altura e IMC estimados por hot deck e PMM são similares. Os resultados com os dados do Vigitel sugerem a aplicabilidade do PMM ao conjunto dos inquéritos de saúde.
What is the best method to assess the abdominal wall? Restoring strength does not mean functional recovery
Authors: BIGOLIN André Vicente , JOST Renan Trevisan , FRANCESCHI Rafaela , WERMANN Rodolfo , FALCÃO Rodrigo , DO-PINHO Alexandre Severo , PLENTZ Rodrigo Della Mea , CAVAZZOLA Leandro Totti
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT Background: Restoring the contractile function to the abdominal wall is a major goal in hernia repair. However, the core understanding is required when choosing the method for outcome assessment. Aim: To assess the role of the anterolateral abdominal muscles on abdominal wall function in patients undergoing hernia repair by analysis of correlation between the surface electromyography activation signal of these muscles and torque produced during validated strength tests. Methods: Activation of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, and internal oblique/transverse abdominis muscles was evaluated by surface electromyography during two validated tests: Step: 1-A, isometric contraction in dorsal decubitus; 1-B, isometric contraction in lateral decubitus; 2-A, isokinetic Biodex testing; and 2-B, isometric Biodex testing. Results: Twenty healthy volunteers were evaluated. The linear correlation coefficient between root mean square/peak data obtained from surface electromyography signal analysis for each muscle and the peak torque variable was always <0.2 and statistically non-significant (p<0.05). The agonist/antagonist ratio showed a positive, significant, weak-to-moderate correlation in the external oblique (Peak, p=0.027; root mean square, 0.564). Surface electromyography results correlated positively among different abdominal contraction protocols, as well as with a daily physical activity questionnaire. Conclusions: There was no correlation between surface electromyography examination of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles and torque measured by a validated instrument, except in a variable that does not directly represent torque generation.
Cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy vs. conventional therapy for complex bile duct stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: GALETTI Facundo , MOURA Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de , RIBEIRO Igor Braga , FUNARI Mateus Pereira , CORONEL Martin , SACHDE Amit H. , BRUNALDI Vitor Ottoboni , FRANZINI Tomazo Prince , BERNARDO Wanderley Marques , MOURA Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Endoscopic removal of common bile duct stones has a high success rate ranging from 85% to 95%. Bile duct stones >15 mm are difficult and frequently require lithotripsy. Peroral cholangioscopy (POC) allows lithotripsy with similar success rates. Aim: To determine the efficacy and safety of cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy used in the treatment of difficult to remove bile duct stones vs. conventional therapy. Methods: Search was based in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, Lilacs/Bireme. Studies enrolling patients referred for the removal of difficult bile duct stones via POC were considered eligible. Two analyses were carried out separately, one included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and another observational studies. Results: Forty-six studies were selected (3 RTC and 43 observational). In the analysis there was no statistical significant difference between successful endoscopic clearance (RD=-0.02 CI: -0.17, 0.12/I²=0%), mean fluoroscopy time (MD=-0.14 CI -1.60, 1.32/I²=21%) and adverse events rates (RD=-0.06 CI: -0.14, 0.02/I²=0%), by contrast, the mean procedure time favored conventional therapy with statistical significance (MD=27.89 CI: 16.68, 39.10/I²=0%). In observational studies, the successful endoscopic clearance rate was 88.29% (CI95: 86.9%-90.7%), the first session successful endoscopic clearance rate was 72.7 % (CI95: 69.9%-75.3%), the mean procedure time was 47.50±6 min for session and the number of sessions to clear bile duct was 1.5±0.18. The adverse event rate was 8.7% (CI95: 7%-10.9%). Conclusions: For complex common bile duct stones, cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy has a success rate that is similar to traditional ERCP techniques in terms of therapeutic success, adverse event rate and means fluoroscopy time. Conventional ERCP methods have a shorter mean procedure time.
Effect of income on the cumulative incidence of COVID-19: an ecological study
Authors: Rafael Ricardo de Mattos Russo , Neto Mercedes , Depret Davi Gomes , Gil Adriana Costa , Fonseca Mary Hellem Silva , Souza-Santos Reinaldo
Published: June 2020

Objective to analyze the relationship between per capita income and the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the neighborhoods of the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Method an ecological study using neighborhoods as units of analysis. The cumulative incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants and the median of potential confounding variables (sex, race, and age) were calculated. Multiple analysis included quantile regression, estimating the regression coefficients of the variable income for every five percentiles from the 10th to 90th percentiles to verify the relationship between income and incidence. Results the city’s rate was 36.58 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In general, the highest rates were observed in the wealthiest regions. Multiple analysis was consistent with this observation since the per capita income affected all percentiles analyzed, with a median regression coefficient of 0.02 (p-value <0.001; R2 32.93). That is, there is an increase of R$ 0.02 in the neighborhood’s per capita income for every unit of incidence. Conclusion cumulative incident rates of COVID-19 are influenced by one’s neighborhood of residency, suggesting that access to testing is uneven.
Which curve provides the best explanation of the growth in confirmed COVID-19 cases in Chile?
Authors: Díaz-Narváez Víctor , San-Martín-Roldán David , Calzadilla-Núñez Aracelis , San-Martín-Roldán Pablo , Parody-Muñoz Alexander , Robledo-Veloso Gonzalo
Published: June 2020

Objective to explore the best type of curve or trend model that could explain the epidemiological behavior of the infection by COVID-19 and derive the possible causes that contribute to explain the corresponding model and the health implications that can be inferred. Method data were collected from the COVID-19 reports of the Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Chile. Curve adjustment studies were developed with the data in four different models: quadratic, exponential, simple exponential smoothing, and double exponential smoothing. The significance level used was α≤0.05. Results the curve that best fits the evolution of the accumulated confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Chile is the doubly-smoothed exponential curve. Conclusion the number of infected patients will continue to increase. Chile needs to remain vigilant and adjust the strategies around the prevention and control measures. The behavior of the population plays a fundamental role. We suggest not relaxing restrictions and further improving epidemiological surveillance. Emergency preparations are needed and more resource elements need to be added to the current health support. This prediction is provisional and depends on keeping all intervening variables constant. Any alteration will modify the prediction.
Estimation and prediction of COVID-19 cases in Brazilian metropolises
Authors: Sousa George Jó Bezerra , Garces Thiago Santos , Cestari Virna Ribeiro Feitosa , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Florêncio Raquel Sampaio , Pereira Maria Lúcia Duarte
Published: June 2020

Objective to estimate the transmission rate, the epidemiological peak, and the number of deaths by the new coronavirus. Method a mathematical and epidemiological model of susceptible, infected, and recovered cases was applied to the nine Brazilian capitals with the highest number of cases of the infection. The number of cases for the 80 days following the first case was estimated by solving the differential equations. The results were logarithmized and compared with the actual values to observe the model fit. In all scenarios, it was considered that no preventive measures had been taken. Results the nine metropolises studied showed an upward curve of confirmed cases of COVID-19. The prediction data point to the peak of the infection between late April and early May. Fortaleza and Manaus had the highest transmission rates (≥2·0 and ≥1·8, respectively). Rio de Janeiro may have the largest number of infected people (692,957) and Florianópolis the smallest (24,750). Conclusion the estimates of the transmission rate, epidemiological peak, and number of deaths from coronavirus in Brazilian metropolises presented expressive and important numbers the Brazilian Ministry of Health needs to consider. The results confirm the rapid spread of the virus and its high mortality in the country.
Evaluation of the stomach contents of Eriphia gonagra from a rocky shore in the southeastern Brazilian coast
Authors: Rodrigues Larissa R. , Góes João M. de , Silva Thiago E. da , Teixeira Gustavo M. , Andrade Luciana S. de , Fransozo Adilson
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT The rocky shores of Praia Grande, in Ubatuba (São Paulo, Brazil), are formed by rock and Sabellaridae polychaete sandy reefs. These microenvironments offer shelters and foraging areas for several marine organisms and attracts many tourists. The crab Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781) inhabits these structures and can be used as a bioindicator, since they may be affected by anthropogenic actions. This study evaluated the stomach contents and characterized the feeding habits of an E. gonagra population, inhabiting the rocky shores from Praia Grande, taking into account the sex, size, and microhabitat. Monthly samplings were performed in 1996 and 1997 and the crabs were manually captured on the rocky surface or into of the sand reefs. So, the specimens sampled were characterized according to their capture site (microhabitat) as rocky (RO) or sand reef (SR). The most abundant food items were Mollusca, algae, Polychaeta, and Crustacea, being observed the importance of these groups as a nutritive resource in the studied environment. Mollusks were more abundant in the stomachs of crabs sampled on the rocks, while the other items increased in the sand reefs crabs. In the specimens sampled in the SR, polychaetes were the item food more common, indicating that this biotope is also used as a rich source of protein. The proportion of items differed also between size classes. Knowledge of such habits is essential for nutritional requirements studies, monitoring relationships among organisms, as well as assessing future environmental impacts in consolidated coastal regions.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF HYMENAEA COURBARIL L. AND APULEIA LEIOCARPA (VOGEL) J. F. MACBR. BY MINI-CUTTING
Authors: Freire Juliana Muller , Veríssimo Letícia Nakamura , Pereira Beatriz Rodrigues , Rouws Janaína Ribeiro Costa , Arthur Junior José Carlos
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative propagation of Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá) and Apuleia leiocarpa (garapa) using the mini-cutting technique with the use of indolebutyric acid (IBA) growth regulator in different types of mini-cuttings. Two experiments were set up: the first involving the two species and three mini-cutting techniques (basal, intermediate and apical) in the presence and absence of IBA (4000 mg kg-1). In the second experiment, only the garapa species was evaluated by testing the same three mini-cutting techniques at four IBA concentrations: 0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg kg-1. The mini-cuttings were obtained from 6-month-old seedlings produced from seeds in a nursery. A randomized block design was used in a 3 x 2 x 3 factorial scheme (three mini-cutting techniques, two IBA concentration levels and three evaluation dates) in the first experiment, and a 3 x 4 x 3 factorial scheme (three mini-cutting techniques, four IBA concentrations and three evaluation dates) in the second experiment. At 90 days, jatobá had an average survival of 54%, with less than 5% of total rooting, without significant influence of the mini-cutting technique or IBA use. Garapa presented higher survival for the basal mini-cuttings in both experiments, which were the only ones that took root. IBA did not influence survival or rooting percentage of garapa mini-cuttings, but negatively influenced the root number, length and dry mass. We concluded that the basal mini-cutting is a viable technique for vegetative propagation of garapa, presenting 40% of rooting, but the propagation by mini-cutting for jatobá was not successful under the conditions of this study.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF THE DIAMETER DISTRIBUTION IN A SECONDARY BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST SUGGESTS SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Authors: Caliman Jônio Pizzol , Reis Geraldo Gonçalves dos , Reis Maria das Graças Ferreira , Leite Helio Garcia , Torres Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto , Volpato Margarete Marin Lordelo , Resende Rafael Tassinari , Monte Marco Antonio
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT The diameter distribution of a forest makes it possible to understand its ecological processes and to define actions related to forest management aiming at forest conservation, biodiversity increase, production, and carbon sequestration, among others. This study aimed to identify variation in the diameter distribution in a secondary Atlantic Forest, as a function of sites, over 24 years. The diameter at 1.3 m in height (dbh) was measured for each tree over 5.0 cm dbh, in ten sites, from 1992 to 2016. It was analyzed the quadratic mean diameter (Dq), the Dq annual periodic increment (APIDq), the Liocourt’s Quotient (q), and the diameter distribution with Meyer’s exponential model. The average APIDq over 24 years was 0.03 cm year-1, an average increase of 0.21%, with site variation ranging from 0.74% to -0.45%. The diameter distribution of the forest as a whole maintained the reverse J-shaped over 24-years. When the sites in each inventory year were analyzed, the variation in the diameter distribution was evident, and there were differences in the recovery capacity of the reverse J-shaped distribution from 1992 to 2016. The overall results indicate that, whenever possible, the management plan to recover the structure of the Atlantic Forest remnants should be site-specific, particularly in the mountainous region where the environmental conditions are quite diverse.
Percepção de gestores, prestadores e auditores sobre a contratualização no Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Liberatti Vanessa Moraes , Pedro Danielli Rafaeli Candido , Costa Raquel Gvozd , Pissinati Paloma de Souza Cavalcante , Marcon Sônia Silva , Haddad Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço
Published: June 2020

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi compreender a percepção de gestores, prestadores e auditores sobre o processo de contratualização do Sistema Único de Saúde. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em Maringá, Paraná, em setembro e outubro de 2017, com gestores, prestadores de serviços e auditores que atuam no Sistema. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questões norteadoras. A análise levou à construção de duas categorias: potencialidades e barreiras no processo de contratualização com o Sistema Único de Saúde; avaliação e uso de instrumentos na auditoria do Sistema. Em relação às potencialidades, evidenciou-se que o processo de contratualização qualifica a gestão da saúde baseada nas legislações específicas e que a principal barreira se refere à tabela de valores praticada pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Em relação à segunda categoria, analisou-se que o uso de instrumentos permite a padronização de parâmetros, o que confere à contratualização maior assertividade. Concluímos que é necessário o uso de instrumento de auditoria validado e acordado com prestadores, para se ter transparência e melhores resultados nas metas pactuadas.
Phylogenetic relationships of the neon tetras Paracheirodon spp. (Characiformes: Characidae: Stethaprioninae), including comments on Petitella georgiae and Hemigrammus bleheri
Authors: Bittencourt Pedro Senna , Machado Valéria Nogueira , Marshall Bruce Gavin , Hrbek Tomas , Farias Izeni Pires
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT Neon tetras (Paracheirodon spp.) are three colorful characid species with a complicated taxonomic history, and relationships among the species are poorly known. Molecular data resolved the relationships among the three neon tetras, and strongly supported monophyly of the genus and its sister taxon relationship to Brittanichthys. Additionally, the sister-taxon relationship of the rummy-nose tetras Hemigrammus bleheri and Petitella georgiae was strongly supported by molecular and morphological data. Therefore, we propose to transfer the rummy-nose tetras H. bleheri and H. rhodostomus to the genus Petitella. Furthermore, Petitella georgiae is likely to be a species complex comprised of at least two species.
Regression of dark color in subterranean fishes involves multiple mechanisms: response to hormones and neurotransmitters
Authors: Grempel Renato Grotta , Trajano Eleonora , Visconti Maria Aparecida
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT Organisms with source-populations restricted to the subterranean biotope (troglobites) are excellent models for comparative evolutionary studies, due to their specialization to permanent absence of light. Eye and dark pigment regression are characteristics of most troglobites. In spite of the advance in knowledge on the mechanisms behind eye regression in cave fishes, very little is known about pigmentation changes. Studies were focused on three species of the genus Pimelodella. Exemplars of the troglobitic P. spelaea and P. kronei were compared with the epigean (surface) P. transitoria, putative sister-species of the latter. Melanophore areas and densities are significantly lower in the troglobitic species. Evaluating the in vitro response of these cells to adrenaline, acetylcholine and MCH, we observed a reduced response in both troglobites to adrenaline. The same trend was observed with MCH, but not statistically significant. No response to acetilcholine was detected in all the three. Contrary to expectations, even though eye-regression in P. spelaea was much lower than in P. kronei, pigmentation regression was more advanced. Multiple mechanisms of loss showing a mosaic of traits in troglobitic fishes are discussed here.
Genetic evidence supports polygamous mating system in a wild population of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae), a Neotropical shoal spawner fish
Authors: Ribolli Josiane , Miño Carolina Isabel , Scaranto Bianca Maria Soares , Reynalte-Tataje David Augusto , Zaniboni Filho Evoy
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT Behavioral observations made on fish have revealed remarkably diverse reproductive strategies, including polygamy by both sexes. Still, to date, most Neotropical species remain unstudied as to whether the observed reproductive behavior in natural populations correlates with their genetic mating systems. Here, we investigated the genetic mating system of a wild population of Prochilodus lineatus settled in the Middle Uruguay River basin. By using sibship reconstruction and parental inference methods based on microsatellites’ genotypes, we inferred 45 females and 47 males as potential parents of the 87 larvae analyzed. We found evidence supporting polygamous mating in both sexes: while a high percentage of males (44.7%) fertilized the eggs of one female, 55.3% of the inferred males fertilized eggs of up to four females. Likewise, while 44.5% of the inferred females had their eggs fertilized by one only male, 55.5% of females were fertilized by multiple males. The estimated proxy of the effective population size (Nb) was 126, exhibiting moderate to high levels of genetic diversity. The genetic evidence contributed in this study complements earlier behavioral observations of formation of spawning nuclei of aggregating breeders, which may be promoting a polygamous mating strategy in this long-distance migratory fish.
Using community phylogenetics to assess phylogenetic structure in the Fitzcarrald region of Western Amazonia
Authors: Craig Jack M. , Carvalho Tiago P. , Chakrabarty Prosanta , Derouen Valerie , Ortega Hernán , Petry Paulo , Reis Roberto E. , Tagliacollo Victor A. , Albert James S.
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT Here we explore the use of community phylogenetics as a tool to document patterns of biodiversity in the Fitzcarrald region, a remote area in Southwestern Amazonia. For these analyses, we subdivide the region into basin-wide assemblages encompassing the headwaters of four Amazonian tributaries (Urubamba, Yuruá, Purús and Las Piedras basins), and habitat types: river channels, terra firme (non-floodplain) streams, and floodplain lakes. We present a robust, well-documented collection of fishes from the region including 272 species collected from 132 field sites over 63 field days and four years, comprising the most extensive collection of fishes from this region to date. We conduct a preliminary community phylogenetic analysis based on this collection and recover results largely statistically indistinguishable from the random expectation, with only a few instances of phylogenetic structure. Based on these results, and of those published in other recent biogeographic studies, we conclude that the Fitzcarrald fish species pool accumulated over a period of several million years, plausibly as a result of dispersal from the larger species pool of Greater Amazonia.
Comparative cytogenetic analyses in Ancistrus species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)
Authors: Glugoski Larissa , Deon Geize , Schott Stephane , Vicari Marcelo R. , Nogaroto Viviane , Moreira-Filho Orlando
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT Ancistrus is a specious genus of armored catfishes that has been extensively used for cytogenetic studies in the last 17 years. A comparison of the extensive karyotypic plasticity within this genus is presented with new cytogenetic analysis for Ancistrus cf. multispinis and Ancistrus aguaboensis. This study aims to improve our understanding of chromosomal evolution associated with changes in the diploid number (2n) and the dispersion of ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) within Ancistrus. Ancistrus cf. multispinis and A. aguaboensis exhibit 2n of 52 and 50 chromosomes, respectively. Given that A. cf. multispinis shares a 2n = 52 also found in Pterygoplichthyini, the sister group for Ancistrini, a Robertsonian (Rb) fusion event is proposed for the 2n reduction in A. aguaboensis. 5S rDNAs pseudogenes sites have already been associated with Rb fusion in Ancistrus and our analysis suggests that the 2n reduction in A. aguaboensis was triggered by double strand breaks (DSBs) and chromosomal rearrangements at 5S rDNA sites. The presence of evolutionary breakpoint regions (EBRs) into rDNA cluster is proposed to explain part of the Rb fusion in Ancistrus. Cytogenetic data presented extends the diversity already documented in Ancistrus to further understand the role of chromosomal rearrangements in the diversification of Ancistrini.
Igualdade, equidade e justiça na saúde à luz da bioética
Authors: Santos Ivone Laurentino dos
Published: June 2020

Resumo A Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos viabilizou a reflexão sobre temas que ultrapassam a relação biomédica e abrangem questões sociais, sanitárias e ambientais, como exclusão social, vulnerabilidade, pobreza e discriminação. Este artigo tem como escopo refletir sobre conceitos de igualdade, justiça e equidade, como definidos pela Declaração, e sua aplicabilidade na solução dos problemas de saúde no Brasil. A partir da revisão bibliográfica foram retomados tanto autores clássicos (Platão e Aristóteles) como contemporâneos (Amartya Sen, John Rawls, Paulo Fortes e Fermin Schramm). O estudo propõe a equidade como princípio para a leitura crítica das políticas e serviços de saúde, instrumentalizando cidadãos e cidadãs para agir com responsabilidade social.
Ética, derecho y regulación de la investigación biomédica en Chile
Authors: Aguilera Bernardo , López Gonzalo , Portales Bernardita , Reyes Marcela , Vrsalovic Joaquín
Published: June 2020

Resumen El presente trabajo analiza la relación entre ética y derecho en la regulación de la investigación biomédica en Chile. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un estudio comparativo entre el marco legal chileno y las principales normativas éticas internacionales ( Declaración de Helsinki y Pautas del Consejo de Organizaciones Internacionales de las Ciencias Médicas), teniendo como referente los requisitos para evaluar una investigación biomédica propuestos por Emanuel, Wendler y Grady. Se examinan y comentan tensiones e inconsistencias entre estos ámbitos regulatorios, en particular aquellas donde la legislación chilena tiene vacíos, falencias o es más exigente que el estándar ético internacional. Se concluye con sugerencias para mejorar la regulación jurídica chilena, entre las que se incluyen fortalecer el rol deliberativo de los comités ético-científicos y sistematizar el marco relacionado con investigación con el fin de lograr un cuerpo legal más orgánico y completo.
Social pressures and reactions of adolescent drug users in an outpatient clinic
Authors: Bittencourt Ana Luiza Portela , Garcia Lucas França , Goldim José Roberto
Published: June 2020

Abstract Coercive measures and social pressures may affect patients and the treatment for substance abuse disorder. This study analyzes the reactions of adolescents who use psychoactive substances to potentially coercive situations and its effects during treatment. The collected data were analyzed with mixed methods. Results show the prevalence of informal social pressures (48.1%). We classified patients’ reactions as acceptance (17.5%), resistance (31.6%), and lack of motivation (14%). Resistance and lack of motivation can affect the treatment and patients’ autonomy. The use of mixed methods was essential to analyze the medical records regarding senses and meanings and allowed us to quantify and compare the findings with the literature and the qualitative data.
Ética e assistência farmacêutica na atenção básica: desafios cotidianos
Authors: Molina Leandro Ribeiro , Hoffmann Juliara Bellina , Finkler Mirelle
Published: June 2020

Resumo Este estudo buscou identificar e discutir problemas éticos vivenciados por farmacêuticos na atenção básica à saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 19 farmacêuticos, no município de Florianópolis/SC. O conteúdo das falas foi analisado por abordagem temático-categorial, à luz de referenciais teóricos da bioética. Identificaram-se dez problemas éticos ligados à dimensão política do trabalho e da produção do cuidado, envolvendo questões relativas à estrutura dos serviços, a processos de gestão e à forma de organização da atenção à saúde. Conclui-se que a análise ética comprometida com a resolução dos problemas apontados é importante estratégia para qualificar os serviços farmacêuticos na atenção básica à saúde.
O ENSINO SECUNDÁRIO PÚBLICO NA CIDADE DO RIO GRANDE/RS (1846-1873)
Authors: Aquino Vanessa Barrozo Teixeira , Tambara Elomar
Published: June 2020

RESUMO O artigo aborda o ensino secundário público na cidade do Rio Grande durante o período imperial. A pesquisa identificou e analisou a parca oferta de aulas públicas que funcionavam no Gabinete de Leitura do município, a partir de dados coletados na imprensa local e em documentos da instrução pública. Nesse sentido, o artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre os aspectos histórico-educativos que levaram à constituição e ao término da oferta de ensino secundário público na cidade ao longo do século XIX.
ENTRE O PÓDIO E O PICADEIRO: O SPORTSMAN CIRCENSE ZECA FLORIANO
Authors: Lopes Daniel de Carvalho , Ehrenberg Mônica Caldas
Published: June 2020

Resumo No século XIX e início do XX, as artes circenses influenciaram as práticas ginásticas no Brasil ligadas a uma ideia científica de educação do corpo voltadas aos intuitos de controle, utilidade e desenvolvimento de hábitos higiênicos. Com objetivo de tratar dos entrelaçamentos históricos entre circo e Educação Física, analisamos a atuação de José Floriano Peixoto como sportsman, ginasta e artista circense e o quanto os saberes dos circenses estiveram promovendo diálogos entre tais campos.