bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Functional Properties by Sever Plastic Deformation on Parts of Titanium Biomaterials
Authors: Czán Andrej , Babík Ondrej , Daniš Igor , Martikáň Pavol , Czánová Tatiana
Published: February 2018

Main task of materials for invasive implantology is their biocompatibility with the tissue but also requirements for improving the functional properties of given materials are increasing constantly. One of problems of materials biocompatibility is the impossibility to improve of functional properties by change the percentage of the chemical elements and so it is necessary to find other innovative methods of improving of functional properties such as mechanical action in the form of high deformation process. This paper is focused on various methods of high deformation process such as Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) when rods with record strength properties were obtained.The actual studies of the deformation process properties as tri-axial compress stress acting on workpiece with high speed of deformation shows effects similar to results obtained using the other methods, but in lower levels of stress. Hydrostatic extrusion (HE) is applying for the purpose of refining the structure of the commercially pure titanium up to nano-scale. Experiments showed the ability to reduce the grain size below 100 nm. Due to the significant change in the performance of the titanium materials by severe plastic deformation is required to identify the processability of materials with respect to the identification of created surfaces and monitoring the surface integrity, where the experimental results show ability of SPD technologies application on biomaterials.
Identification of Technological Parameters of Ni-Alloys When Machining by Monolithic Ceramic Milling Tool
Authors: Czán Andrej , Kubala Ondrej , Danis Igor , Czánová Tatiana , Holubják Jozef , Mikloš Matej
Published: February 2018

The ever-increasing production and the usage of hard-to-machine progressive materials are the main cause of continual finding of new ways and methods of machining. One of these ways is the ceramic milling tool, which combines the pros of conventional ceramic cutting materials and pros of conventional coating steel-based insert. These properties allow to improve cutting conditions and so increase the productivity with preserved quality known from conventional tools usage. In this paper, there is made the identification of properties and possibilities of this tool when machining of hard-to-machine materials such as nickel alloys using in airplanes engines. This article is focused on the analysis and evaluation ordinary technological parameters and surface quality, mainly roughness of surface and quality of machined surface and tool wearing.
Methods for Increasing the Material Resistance of the Mulching Tool Body Against its Deformation in Operation
Authors: Ľuptáčiková Veronika , Ťavodová Miroslava
Published: February 2018

Instruments working in the cultivation of forest areas, for example under the guidance of high stress, are exposed to factors of heterogeneous environment which are soil, wood, various types of rocks, sometimes waste - metal, plastics or glass as well. The mulching tool body, the forging, deforms and worsens rapidly after loss of the WC toe-caps. Currently used tools have a non-heat-treated body material with a ferritic-pearlitic structure that has low abrasion resistance. One of the possibilities is to heat the tool body. Another possibility is to apply suitable welds to exposed areas. By correctly selecting the thermal mode of the tool material or by applying the welded material to the exposed body part of the tool, we can ensure that the tool's operating time is increased.
Calculation of muscle forces and joint reaction loads in the shoulder area via an OpenSim based computer model
Authors: Birgel Stefan , Leschinger Tim , Wegmann Kilian , Staat Manfred
Published: February 2018

Using the OpenSim software and verified anatomical data, a computer model for the calculation of biomechanical parameters is developed and used to determine the effect of a reattachment of the Supraspinatus muscle with a medial displacement of the muscle attachment point, which may be necessary for a rupture of the supraspinatus tendon. The results include the influence of the operation on basic biomechanical parameters such as the lever arm, as well as the calculated the muscle activations for the supraspinatus and deltoid. In addition, the influence on joint stability is examined by an analysis of the joint reaction force. The study provides a detailed description of the used model, as well as medical findings to a reattachment of the supraspinatus.
Modellbasierte Analyse von nichtdispersiven Infrarot-Gassensoren mit thermischen Strahlquellen und Thermopiledetektoren
Authors: Dietachmayr Florian W. , Winkler Andreas W. , Zagar Bernhard G.
Published: February 2018

Nichtdispersive Infrarotsensoren werden in vielen industriellen und wissenschaftlichen Bereichen zur Messung von Gaskonzentrationen und -bestandteilen eingesetzt. Die Entwicklung neuer Sensoren ist mangels eines umfassenden mathematischen Simulationsmodells aufwändig, da zumeist Prototypen angefertigt werden müssen, um die Auswirkungen verschiedener Änderungen auf das Sensorverhalten festzustellen. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden zunächst mathematische Modelle für in kommerziellen Sensoren häufig eingebaute Komponenten von nichtdispersiven Infrarotsensoren (thermische Infrarotquellen und Thermopiledetektoren) hergeleitet und verifiziert. Es zeigt sich, dass das Sensorverhalten auf Basis von grundlegenden physikalischen Zusammenhängen ausreichend genau modelliert werden kann, wodurch die gefundenen Modelle einfach an verschiedene Varianten von thermischen Quellen und thermoelektrischen Detektoren adaptierbar sind. Abschließend werden auf Basis von Simulationen verschiedene Gehäusegeometrien auf deren Einfluss auf die Sensorempfindlichkeit hin untersucht.
The Catalogue of “Constantin Ciubuc” Trichoptera (Insecta) Collection of “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History
Authors: Ciubuc Constantin
Published: February 2018

The catalogue of “Constantin Ciubuc” trichopteran collection includes a total of 188 species, 178,878 specimens, (68,966 ♂♂ and 110,937 ♀♀) belonging to 19 families of the Order Trichoptera, Class Insecta. Imago insects were caught by the author and different collaborators, or friends, within the period 1986–2015 (Tab. 5). Last material was collected in the summer of 2016, in the Bucegi Natural Park and Natura 2000 site (ROSCI0013 - Bucegi) (Tab. 6). A percentage of less than 0.1% of the samples contained in the collection are insects from “Adriana Murgoci” collection, collected by Petre Iuncu in the period 1953–1954, offered to the author for preservation in 1985 (Tab. 5). Almost all samples were captured by light traps (white, black, blue), using mercury vapor lamps and / or incandescent light lamps and preserved in tubes, hermetically sealed, in ethyl alcohol. All information regarding the number of specimens, species, author, sex, habitat, sampling places, methods, number, the person who made the capture, climatic conditions during the collection, the date of collection, the geographical coordinates of sampling points, and other information are included in the database (Tabs 5 and 6). Some information on the Romanian endemic species, of the Balkans and of south-eastern Europe are given, as well as the taxonomic index, index of localities, sampling methodology, distribution map of the sampling places in Romania. The large number of species, specimens, vast area, sampling, information contained in the database (Tabs 5, 6) make the collection a scientific reference document for freshwater invertebrate fauna of Romania. It is the single complete trichopteran collection, with specimens collected from Romanian territory.
Data on the Populations of Bombina variegata (Amphibia: Anura: Bombinatoridae) from Cozia National Park and Its Surrounding Areas (Vâlcea County, Romania)
Authors: Iftime Alexandru , Iftime Oana
Published: February 2018

The results of surveys upon the Bombina variegata populations in the Cozia National Park are presented. 52 location points were found. The species is widespread in the investigated area, is resilient to some extent to the current level of natural and human disturbance, is moderately anthropophilic and shows evidence of previous introgressive hybridization with B. bombina. The habitats of the various populations in the area show different quality, connectivity and dynamics. These data should be useful for any management strategy for Bombina variegata in the National Park and its surrounding areas.
Migration Strategies of Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo Linnaeus, 1758) in Dobruja
Authors: Stanciu Cătălin-Răzvan , Zaharia Răzvan , Chişamera Gabriel-Bogdan , Cobzaru Ioana , Gavril Viorel-Dumitru , Murariu Dumitru
Published: February 2018

We studied various aspects regarding migration behavior of the Common Buzzard for two subspecies (B. b. buteoandB. b. vulpinus) transiting the region which overlaps with the Western Black Sea Corridor. Using vantage points set across Dobruja we managed to count 2,662 individuals. We highlighted the seasonal and diurnal peak passage, flight directions and height of flight for each season. Our results suggest that 57% of the counted individuals belongs to long-distance migrant Steppe Buzzard -B. b. vulpinus. The peek passage period in autumn migration was reached between the 26thof September to the 6thof October, while for the spring migration peek passage remained uncertain. The main autumn passage direction was from N to S, and NNW to SSE but also from NE to SW. For spring passage the main direction was from S to N but also from ESE to WNW. Flight height during autumn migration was mostly at high altitude while in spring migration was more evenly distributed. The most significant activity was recorded in the second time period, between 10:01 and 13:00 (43%).
First Record of Keeled Plump Bush-Cricket (Isophya costata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) in Slovakia
Authors: Nuhlíčková Soňa , Svetlík Ján , Krištín Anton
Published: February 2018

Keeled Plump Bush-cricket Isophya costata is one of ten orthopteran species of European Community interest (Annex II and IV of Habitats Directive), endemic to the Pannonian Basin in Central Europe. It was discovered for the first time in Slovakia in June 2017, in southwestern area of the country (the site Devínske jazero, 48.2722°N / 16.9404°E, 134 m a.s.l.), in continental flooded meadows. The presence of the species in this new site is copying the northern edge of its area. New data of species distribution, its habitat, accompanying orthopteran species are described and main threats and conservation measures of the species are discussed.
Mapping analysis of saproxylic Natura 2000 beetles (Coleoptera) from the Prigoria-Bengeşti Protected Area (ROSCI0359) in Gorj County (Romania)
Authors: Manu Minodora , Lotrean Nicolae , Nicoară Roxana , Bodescu Florian , Badiu Denisa Lavinia , Onete Marilena
Published: February 2018

In 2014, an inventory of protected Natura 2000 saproxylic beetles from the Prigoria-Bengeşti protected area in Gorj County (Romania) was made. Four species were identified:Osmoderma eremita(Scopoli, 1763),Lucanus cervus(Linnaeus, 1758),Morimus funereusMulsant, 1862 andCerambyx cerdoLinnaeus, 1758. Using GIS mapping analysis, the distribution of these species was established in terms of the habitats described in the Natura 2000 framework.Lucanus cervusoccurred over more than half of the Prigoria-Bengeşti protected area, with an overall area of occupancy of 26.10%.Morimus funereusandCerambyx cerdooccurred in between 23.21–27.67% of the area, whereasOsmoderma eremitaonly occurred in 12.04% of the ROSCI0359, with area of occupancy by 11.40%. This paper presents the threats to these beetles and summarises some management and conservation issues based on the existing observations and experience at a local level.
Record of Dicranosepsis javanica (de Meijere, 1904) (Diptera, Sepsidae) from Meghalaya (India), with morphological and genetic data
Authors: Iancu Lavinia , Mukhim Khlur , Moscaliuc Liviu
Published: February 2018

The present article reports Dicranosepsis javanica (de Meijere 1904) (Diptera: Sepsidae) from Meghalaya and makes a note of its Oriental distribution range. The specimens were sampled in January 2014 by sweep net in the village of Schnongrim, Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, situated in the north-eastern part of India. A short morphological description is provided for the male specimen, while the female taxonomic characters are presented for the first time. The taxonomic identification of species was confirmed by DNA Barcoding.
Geographic Distribution of Isophya pienensis in the Romanian Carpathians (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Iorgu Ionuţ Ştefan , Iorgu Elena Iulia
Published: February 2018

Isophya pienensis Mařan, 1952 is a mesophytic bush-cricket occurring in Romania, western Ukraine, southeastern Poland, Slovakia, northeastern Hungary and a few isolated localities in the Czech Republic and Austria (Chobanov et al., 2016). Species distribution in the Romanian Eastern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains is reviewed, based on literature and personal data.
New Czech & Certified Methodology „Tools of Resilience“
Authors: Dobeš Pavel , Novotný Petr , Danihelka Pavel , Baudišová Barbora , Nešporová Veronika , Thorstensen Erik , Toseroni Fulvio
Published: February 2018

The article deals with possibilities of better governance regarding natural and anthropogenic risks and building of resilience of medium towns and cities against disasters. Such systematic approach could be applied for example using new Czech certified methodology “Tools Of Resilience”, which has been developed recently within the short project number no. VF20152016047 under the grant of Czech Ministry of the Interior in period 2015-2016 and afterwards certified in 2017 by Czech Ministry of the Environment. Basic starting points, used methods, steps of new methodology and its annexes, will be breafly described in the topic.
Analysis of Data Collected at Control Room Full Scope Simulator at Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Kozlová Kateřina , Barčová Karla , Kubíček Jan
Published: February 2018

This article describes a computer program that will be used by experts to analyze human factor reliability when analyzing data obtained during the training of operators on a nuclear power plant's control room simulator. The program was applied to data collected during the training of a scenario called Rupture of the Hot Loop of the Primary Circuit (250 t/h). Based on the comparison of charts, temporal passage through the scenario, or by personal participation in the training, analysts evaluate the successful passing of the practice scenario and propose final recommendations. The article also describes the criteria for successfully passing the practiced scenario and its final evaluation.
Ergonomics Investigation of Musculoskeletal Disorder Among the Workforce of Waste Management Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Musa Adekunle I. , Yussouff Abiodun A. , Raji Nurudeen A. , Ogedengbe Temitayo S. , Saheed Rasheed O.
Published: February 2018

The objective of this study is to undertake an Ergonomic Scrutiny of Desecrate Management Industry. Ten (10) employees of the parking and collection department of Kim Waste Management Authority (KWMA) were selected. Their activities were video and recorded while working and their different postures were analyzed using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Result showed that 10 % were at medium risk; 40 % were at high risk and 50 % were at very high risk for the workers in KWMA. It as discovered that workers are subjected to Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSDs) as a result of the postures adopted during the work process.
Ferromagnetic Convection in a Densely Packed Porous Medium with Magnetic-Field-Dependent Viscosity – Revisited
Authors: Prakash Jyoti , Kumar Pankaj , Kumari Kultaran , Manan Shweta
Published: February 2018

The effect of magnetic-field-dependent (MFD) viscosity on the thermal convection in a ferromagnetic fluid in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field is investigated for a fluid layer saturating a densely packed porous medium using the Darcy model. A correction is applied to the model by Sunil et al. [Z. Naturforsch. 59, 397 (2004)], which is very important to predict the correct behaviour of MFD viscosity. A linear stability analysis is carried out for stationary modes. The critical wave number and critical Rayleigh number for the onset of instability, for the case of free boundaries, are determined numerically for sufficiently large values of the magnetic parameter M
1. Numerical results are obtained and illustrated graphically. It is shown that MFD viscosity has stabilizing effect on the system, whereas medium permeability has a destabilizing effect.
Nonlocal Symmetries, Conservation Laws and Interaction Solutions of the Generalised Dispersive Modified Benjamin–Bona–Mahony Equation
Authors: Yan Xue-Wei , Tian Shou-Fu , Dong Min-Jie , Wang Xiu-Bin , Zhang Tian-Tian
Published: February 2018

We consider the generalised dispersive modified Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation, which describes an approximation status for long surface wave existed in the non-linear dispersive media. By employing the truncated Painlevé expansion method, we derive its non-local symmetry and Bäcklund transformation. The non-local symmetry is localised by a new variable, which provides the corresponding non-local symmetry group and similarity reductions. Moreover, a direct method can be provided to construct a kind of finite symmetry transformation via the classic Lie point symmetry of the normal prolonged system. Finally, we find that the equation is a consistent Riccati expansion solvable system. With the help of the Jacobi elliptic function, we get its interaction solutions between solitary waves and cnoidal periodic waves.
Thermal Conductivity of Hydrated Paste in Cement-Based Foam Microstructure
Authors: Batool Farnaz , Bindiganavile Vivek
Published: February 2018

This article presents the thermal constants of hydrated cement paste, which constitute the air-void wall of cement-based foam microstructure, and examines its influence on moisture, age, pozzolanic admixture type, and content. Along with the reference mix, containing portland cement only, six other mixes were prepared by replacing cement with fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin, up to 20 % by mass in the binder. The Transient Plane Source, a thermal analyzer that conforms to ISO test standards, was employed to evaluate the thermal constants. Here, the measurements were made at 60, 120, 210, and 300 days. The results revealed that the drop in thermal conductivity for the cement paste was significant in the earlier age but progressively became insignificant as the hydration advanced. It was also found that adding fly ash and silica fume in higher dosages resulted in reducing the conductivity, while metakaolin exhibits a reverse trend. Furthermore, the reduction in the moisture content due to pozzolanic admixture was also noticed. Finally, an empirical formulation was developed to predict the thermal conductivity of the hydrated cement paste, which was also validated against the results of past research.
DNT-Based Image Illumination Refinement System with Concurrent Copyright Embedding
Authors: Lee Jung-San , Wang Yi-Hua
Published: February 2018

Media archiving is the process of transforming a source to its digital form. This process, however, often leads to the irregular distribution of image illumination, which distorts the content of images. In this article, we propose a hybrid illumination technique based on double Niblack thresholds (DNT-based) to refine the brightness of underexposed and overexposed images, including the text image and the text-photo image. In particular, we introduce the watermarking concept to the transformation so that the improver can demonstrate the copyright of this refinement in the future. Experimental results have shown that the new method can effectively adjust the illumination to improve the quality of digital images without influencing the appended watermark.
Estimation of the Stress Strength Parameter for the Generalized Exponential-Poisson Distribution
Authors: Nadarajah S. , Bagheri S. F. , Alizadeh M. , Samani E. Bahrami
Published: February 2018

We propose inference of the stress strength parameter, R=P(Y<X), when X and Y are independent generalized exponential-Poisson random variables. The problem of classical and Bayesian estimation of R is discussed. The Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is used to approximate the posteriors of R. Bayesian informative priors are considered under symmetric and asymmetric loss functions. Asymptotic confidence intervals for R are proposed. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the proposed methods. At the end, a real dataset is analyzed for illustrative purposes.
Evaluation of Asphalt Effect on Water Quality Using Leaching Test and Molecular Simulation
Authors: Chen Jun , Wang Hao , Wu Jiantao , Xu Guangji
Published: February 2018

The contact of water and asphalt in roadway pavement can lead to the leaching of components from asphalt and cause water contamination. In order to study influencing factors affecting water contamination caused by asphalt materials, leaching tests were performed on asphalt mixture specimens with different mix designs. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH value, and total hardness are used to evaluate the leachability of asphalt mixture. The thin film leaching tests were carried out using a self-developed pressurized device. The effects of asphalt type, pH value of water, and submersion time on the concentration of ten metal ions leached from asphalt film were investigated. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the molecular diffusion between asphalt components and water. Results indicate that the concentration of metallic elements was affected by the pH value of water and submersion time. Compared with aged and SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene)–modified asphalt, virgin asphalt has the higher leaching potential for water contamination. The light fractions of aromatic and saturate molecules are more likely to diffuse at high temperature and high pressure. The study results can help better understand the environmental impact of asphalt in the framework of life-cycle assessment.
Fracture-Toughness and Fatigue Crack Growth Evaluation in the Transversal Direction of the Longitudinal Weld of an API X52 Steel Pipeline
Authors: Angeles-Herrera D. , Albiter A. , Cuamatzi-Meléndez R. , Terán G. , Ochoa-Ruiz Gilberto
Published: February 2018

In this paper, the fracture-toughness and fatigue crack growth rates of the deposited seam weld on the longitudinal pipeline API 5L X52 were evaluated. The study was performed with nonstandard curved specimens, which were machined in the transversal direction of the seam weld with a crack-initiating notch aligned perpendicular to the direction of the deposited seam weld metal. The fractographic analysis showed that the low fracture-toughness of the weld can be attributed to the the existence of elements capable of nucleating brittle fracture and the fact that the intrinsic porosity in the transversal direction provided a favorable crack path for separating the fracture plane, resulting in low fracture-toughness values. Finally, the resistance decrease with respect to the fatigue crack growth was attributed to the small grain size because of the effect of roughness-induced crack closure as well as the interaction of the crack and the inherent porosity.
Optimization of Heating Cycles Prior Forging for Large Steel Ingots Based on a Simulation Model
Authors: Romano-Acosta L. F. , Álvarez-Elcoro I. , Zapata-Hernandez O. , Leduc-Lezama L.
Published: February 2018

A simulation model has been used to calculate temperature distribution and internal stresses of steel ingots. The aim of this study is to optimize the heating cycles without compromising the mechanical integrity of the ingots, which ideally will result in a reduction in energy consumption and an increase in furnace productivity. The heating cycles of three ingots of different materials (ASTM A105, AISI 4330, and AISI 8630) and sizes (1.60, 1.75 and 1.32 m) are optimized. The optimization procedure of the heating cycle is based on a time reduction at each step of the set point. The phase transformation temperature at the ingot center was taken as a reference because this is where the higher stresses are developed. A sample of a 1 m Ø AISI 8630 ingot was characterized with a Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Results show precipitates in the as-cast condition, which will eventually be dissolved after a complete heating cycle.
Trisomy 8 mosaicism: A Case Report
Authors: KARAMAN Ali
Published: February 2018

Warkany
syndrome 2 or trisomy 8 mosaicism is a well-described, but very rare,
chromosomal abnormality. The phenotype is extremely variable ranging
from normal to a severe malformation syndrome. Because of the broad
spectrum of clinical findings, this condition is often
underdiagnosed. Trisomy 8 mosaicism can affect several organs causing
intracranial, genitourinary and skeletal system anomalies, congenital
cardiovascular disorders, deep palmar and plantar creases, and
neoplastic and hematological disorders. Here, we report trisomy 8
mosaicism in a 3-year-old boy evaluated for facial dysmorphism and
delayed development.
Heterotropik Gebelik: 7 Haftalık Kornual Rüptüre Ektopik Gebelik ve 38.Gebelik Haftasına Ulaşan İntrauterin Gebelik Olgu Sunumu:
Authors: TURKAY Ünal , DEMET Fulya , CORA Ayfer Özer , TERZİ Hasan , ÇOBANYILDIZI Yasemin
Published: February 2018

Giriş:İntrauterin
ve ekstrauterin gebeliğin birlikte olması olarak tanımlanan heterotopik gebelik
spontan olarak oldukça nadir görülmesine rağmen yardımcı üreme teknikleri (YÜT)
 ile oluşan gebeliklerde 100 de 1 olarak
görülmektedir. Olgu: 26
yaşında gravida 1 Parite 0 olan hasta şiddetli karın ağrısı şikayeti ile acil
polikliniğimize başvurdu. Özgeçmişinde geçirilmiş batın operasyonu ,
endometriozis ve pelvik inflamatuvar hastalık tespit edilmedi. YÜT ile oluşan
gebeliği olan  hastanın yapılan transvajinal
usg sinde  7 haftalık intrauterin canlı
gebelik ve yaygın serbest sıvı tespit edildi. Akut batın tespit edilen
hastaya   acil laparatomi cerrahi  uygulandı.Operasyonda   literatürdede oldukça nadir görülen kornual
rüptüre ektopik gebelik (heterotopic gebelik) tanısı  konuldu.  Kornual onarım yapılan ve operasyon sonrası
intrauterin gebeliği 38. gebelik haftasına ulaşan ve nihayetinde sağlıklı bir
bebek doğuran bu olgumuzu sizlerle paylaşmayı amaçladık.

Sonuç: YÜT
oluşan gebeliklerde  heterotopik gebelik
açısından kapsamlı transvaginal ultrasonografi yapılmalı. Akut batın tablosu
ile başvuran hastalarda  maternal
mortalite açısından cerrahi konusunda tereddüt edilmemelidir.
Enhancing unsaturated fatty acids in ewe's milk by feeding rapeseed or linseed oil
Authors: Cieslak A. , Kowalczyk J. , Czauderna M. , Potkanski A. , Szumacher-Strabel M.
Published: February 2018

The aim of our research was to evaluate whether rapeseed and linseed oils used as feed additives to ewe's diets allow to achieve the higher secretion of unsaturated fatty acids into milk with extended emphasis on the conjugated linoleic acid concentration. Two experiments were carried out on 6 lactating ewes in two independent 3 × 3 Latin square designs. In each feeding cycle the animals were subjected to one of the treatments: (1) without oil supplementation, (2) with 3.5% of rapeseed oil (RS) or linseed oil (LS), (3) with 7.0% of rapeseed oil or linseed oil. Feeding diets rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids to lactating ewes under our experimental conditions resulted in demanded changes in milk fatty acid content without causing milk fat depression or modification of other milk constituents. Milk fat was improved in unsaturated fatty acids including C18:2 c9 t11 CLA isomer without changing the milk fat concentration. The C18:2 c9 t11 concentration increased from 0.03 (FAME, %) in the control group to 0.21 and 0.12 (FAME, %) in groups receiving 3.5 and 7% RS, respectively. The diet with 7% LS also elevated the C18:2 c9 t11 level in milk from 0.04 (FAME, %) in the control group to 0.11 (FAME, %). Hence a conclusion is drawn that plant oils may be an important source of monoenic and also polyenic fatty acids in milk, however, our research and analysis of literature data indicate that results are strictly dietary and supplement-dependent.
Activities of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and glutathione peroxidase in bovine colostrum and milk
Authors: KANKOFER M. , ALBERA E. , RÓŻAŃSKA-BOCZULA M.
Published: February 2018

Parturition and post partum period are susceptible for antioxidative/oxidative imbalance as well as inflammatory processes related to either uterus or mammary gland. Fifteen Holstein-Friesian cows were used to examine the relationship between the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and inflammatory enzyme N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in colostrum and milk during 12 days after parturition. Samples from each udder quarter were collected immediately after parturition, after 24 h and 48 h as well as after 6 and 12 days post partum. The activity of GSH-Px was measured spectrophotometrically and NAGase spectrofluorimetrically. NAGase activity generally remained constant during the examined period confirming no inflammation and healthy udder. Moreover, no significant differences in the activity among quarters were detected. The activity of GSH-Px rose significantly (P < 0.05) in the examined period suggesting the dynamic balance of antioxidative defence. No differences among quarters confirmed that in healthy quarters metabolic processes are on a similar level but positive correlations between the antioxidative and inflammatory enzyme in quarters and with regard to time may suggest a possible relationship during inflammation.
Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period
Authors: Poláková K. , Kudrna V. , Kodeš A. , Hučko B. , Mudřík Z.
Published: February 2018

The main aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the effect of different composition of non-structural carbohydrates (NFC) in prepartum feed rations administered to high-yielding dairy cows at a high concentration of NFC in the diet on dry matter intake both before and after parturition and on subsequent milk performance, body condition and physiological traits of rumen fluid and blood. Thirty-six high-yielding dairy cows were allocated into one of the three well-balanced groups (K, O, and C), and each group received a different feeding rations. Feeding rations differed in non-structural carbohydrate (NFC) structure. The "K" (control) group received a feeding ration with NFC in the form of maize starch in particular, while the feeding rations of the other two (experimental) groups contained either (besides maize starch) saccharose from dried sugar beet (the "O" group) or a dominant amount of NFC was in the form of saccharose (the "C" group). After calving, all dairy cows were given the same feeding ration from the first day after parturition. The experiment was conducted for 21 days before and 50 days after calving. FR in the form of total mixed ration was offered ad libitum. Dry matter intake, milk performance, body condition, live weight, and blood and rumen parameters were recorded for the duration of the experiment. Average daily dry matter intake before calving was highest in the "K" group (14.32 kg per head). Differences among groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Prepartum dry matter consumption dropped as the rate of saccharose in the diet of cows increased. Dry matter consumption levelled off after calving. Milk yield was also highest in the "K" group (43.71 kg/head/day), but fatness of milk and thus the production of fat corrected milk were lowest in this group. The highest milk fat content (4.10%) and fat corrected milk production (44.03 kg/head/day) were recorded in the "C" group, whereas the highest milk protein concentration was found in the milk of the "O" group. The composition of NFC affected dry matter intake before parturition, but these concentrations did not significantly affect dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, live weight, body condition or blood serum and rumen fluid parameters after calving.
Meat quality and fatty acid profile of the musculus longissimus lumborum in Czech Fleckvieh, Charolais and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh bulls fed different types of silages
Authors: Bartoň L. , Bureš D. , Kudrna V.
Published: February 2018

The effects of breed and diet containing different types of silages on meat quality parameters and fatty acid profile of m. longissimus lumborum (MLL) were evaluated in a total of 30 Czech Fleckvieh (CF), Charolais (CH) and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh (CH × CF) bulls. The animals were fed two mixed diets: MS (based on maize silage) and LCS (based on legume-cereal mixture silage and lucerne silages) with different concentrations of dietary energy and fatty acids. The MLL from CH bulls had the lowest content of dry matter (P < 0.01), less protein (P < 0.01) and lighter meat (P < 0.01) compared to the CF. The extensive LCS diet reduced dry matter (P < 0.01) and intramuscular fat (P < 0.01) and increased the content of hydroxyproline (P < 0.05). The CH bulls exhibited higher PUFA n-3 (P < 0.05) and lower MUFA (P < 0.05) compared to the CF, with the CH × CF being intermediate. The LCS diet enhanced the proportions of PUFA (P < 0.05) and PUFA n-3 (P < 0.001) and reduced MUFA (P < 0.001). In conclusion, both breed and diet affected the meat quality and fatty acid profile of the intramuscular fat of the bulls. The replacement of maize silage with the legume-cereal mixture and lucerne silages in the diet reduced the concentration of intramuscular fat and improved its fatty acid profile from the human nutrition perspective.
Antioxidant activities of allspice extracts in rapeseed oil
Authors: Nguyen D.V. , Takácsová M. , Dang M.N. , Kristiánová K.
Published: February 2018

Spices are an important component of both commercial and homemade foods. Many spices have been shown to possess an antioxidant effect. In our study, we tested the activity of different allspice extracts (ethanol, chloroform, diethylether, benzene and hexane) on the stability of rapeseed oil. The order of antioxidant effectiveness was as follows: ethanol extract > chloroform extract> diethylether extract > benzene extract > hexane extract. The ethanol extract exhibited a remarkable antioxidant effect.
Microscopic examination of products from fish meat
Authors: Tremlová B.
Published: February 2018

The paper deals with microscopic structure of commercial products from fish meat (ready-to-cook fish foods, meat products with an addition of fish meat). Samples were prepared by a histological technique, hematoxylin–eosin staining and differential staining to set off collagenic connective tissues (Calleja) and fish bones (modified van Gieson method) were used for microscopic examinations. Expected components and as declared on packages were confirmed by the results of microscopic examinations of ready-to-cook fish foods. The microscopic structure of meat products with an addition of fish meat was similar to that of traditional meat products of the same type. Fish bones of various size and at different quantity were detected in all products. Microscopic methods can be used to check the quality of products from fish meat with respect to the observation of technological procedures and technical standards.
Moisture sorption isotherms of millet seeds
Authors: Menkov N.D. , Gelyazkov D.I.
Published: February 2018

The equilibrium moisture contents were determined for millet seeds of two cultivars using the gravimetric static method at 10, 25 and 40°C over a range of relative humidities from 0.112 to 0.868. The sorption capacity of the seeds decreased with an increase in temperature at constant relative humidity. The hysteresis effect is not distinctly expressed but statistically significant. The differences between equilibrium moisture contents of the cultivars are small. Four models were applied for analyzing the experimental data using the following equations: modified Chung-Pfost, modified Halsey, modified Oswin, and modified Henderson. The modified Chung-Pfost model was found to be the most suitable for describing the relationship between equilibrium moisture content, relative humidity and temperature.
Molecular detection of Brucella in milk using polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Mohsen A.
Published: February 2018

Brucellosis is a highly contagious disease affecting a wide variety of farm animals. It is also an important zoonosis, and man is often infected following contact with infected animals or the consumption of contaminated milk and milk products. At present, mainly bacteriological and serological detection methods are used. A bacteriological method takes days to weeks to grow the organism besides its health hazard. Serological tests are faster but antigen–antibody interactions can be faulted by non-specific interactions. A method for direct detection of Brucella melitensis in 1 ml of milk was developed on the basis of enzymatic treatment of milk components and subsequent PCR and line probe assay (LPA). After PCR, 3 × 104 CFU/ml sensitivity was obtained by agarose gel electrophoresis and LPA. The safety and sensitivity of LPA combined with its speed suggests the potential of this technique for diagnosis of brucellosis in milk rather than the time consuming classical methods.
Composition and nutritinal value of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) – a review
Authors: Kalač P. , Moudrý J.
Published: February 2018

Literature data on proteins, lipids, starch, minerals, vitamins and saponins contents and composition and their distribution within whole quinoa seeds, hulls, bran and flour are reviewed. An information on effects of quinoa processing on nutritional value and food applications is also given.
A new amperometric sucrose biosensor based on fructose dehydrogenase
Authors: Mastihuba V. , Leporisová B.
Published: February 2018

A new, ferricyanide mediated amperometric biosensor for estimation of sucrose in biological fluids is proposed based on fructose dehydrogenase coimmobilised with baker’s yeast as a source of invertase on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. Potential +420 mV was applied to the electrode against saturated calomel electrode. Maximum current was observed at pH 6, linearity of response ranged from 0.01mM to 0.29mM. Concentration of potassium ferricyanide 2mM was found as the best value.
The use of polarity profiles of texture in the sensory evaluation of apples
Authors: Horčin V. , Findová I.
Published: February 2018

Research in the quality of horticultural products commonly applies sensory analysis which under minimized subjectivity approaches or coincides with other analytical methods with respect to its accuracy. Sensory analysis comprises many methods and tests. This article considers the test of textural polarity profile. Polarity profilograms are constructed for 29 varieties and new breeds of apple. The descriptors used characterize the textural quality of fresh and stored apples. The main advantage of polarity profiles is that they enable to determine not only differences between samples and varieties but also to find out changes in the textural quality during storage. In addition to textural profilogram, polarity profiles enable to construct also optical, olfactological and gustative profilograms.
Food consumption, its aspects and consequences
Authors: Hrubý J.
Published: February 2018

Food consumption recording is a social need because the consumption is an indicator of the nutrition status that means the health status, of the population, and an economic factor. Food consumption trends in the nineties are characterized by a steep fall of most kinds of foods, mainly from animal sources. It is not necessary to adjust this fact with respect to recent data of the time series. Four commodities show a positive increase. The trend of food consumption is bound up with more slowly increasing incomes of the population than was the increase in food prices after their liberalization. The consequences of consumption trends do not imply any deterioration of nutrition status because nutrition requirements have been met except calcium and vitamin A supply due to a decrease in milk consumption, and except vitamin C, still a deficient element although its supply has substantially increased. A systematic attention should be focused on the population nutrition through nutrition and food policies.
Proof of authenticity of pure instant coffee
Authors: Bohačenko I. , Veselý Z.
Published: February 2018

An HPLC method with refractometric detection was worked out for the determination of the limiting contents of marker saccharides (free mannitol and total glucose and xylose) used for the proof of authenticity of pure instant coffee. This method, even though more laborious, yields results comparable with those obtained by the HPAE-PAD method and is intended mainly for those laboratories where the current HPLC technique with refractometric detection is presently used for saccharide analysis. The survey of market supply showed that instant coffee imported in bulk and subsequently packaged in the Czech Republic is most frequently adulterated – only one out of 7 samples examined contained authentic coffee. On the other hand, only one out of 10 samples of instant coffee imported in original packaging did not meet the authenticity criteria. The samples of instant coffee by domestic producers indicated that one producer placed on the market an adulterated product, whereas the other brand is authentic coffee.
Changes in quality of natural orange juice pasteurised by high pressure during storage
Authors: Strohalm J. , Valentová H. , Houška M. , Novotná P. , Landfeld A. , Kýhos K. , Grée R.
Published: February 2018

Natural orange juice pasteurised (pascalised) by high pressure was stored for 180 days at room temperature in dark conditions. Sensory evaluation of several quality parameters was made. At the same time the frozen and heat pasteurised parallel samples of the juice of the same origin were evaluated for comparison. The sensory evaluation consists of overall image, flavour, taste and sensorial viscosity. The instrumental evaluation of colour, pH and kinematic viscosity was made. The best overall image was received for frozen juice. The pressurised and heated samples were nearly the same as regards the flavour. The sensorial viscosity of all samples was evaluated as thin with very small differences during storage. The preference test was also made – the best quality for the test panel was received for samples of frozen juice followed by pressurised juice. The third rank was given to heat treated samples. The pressurised samples exhibited the acceptable quality for 150 days of storage at room temperature.
Seasonal dynamics and entomophthoralean infection of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris
Authors: Cagáň Ľ. , Barta M.
Published: February 2018

The seasonal dynamics of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, and entomopathogenic fungi from the order Entomophthorales attacking the aphid were analysed in alfalfa and field pea crops during the growing seasons of 1998 and 1999 at Nitra-Malanta. In both years, pea aphid populations on pea showed a pattern with one peak, culminated at flowering and pod formation. The infestation level on alfalfa was low in both years. Entomopathogenic fungi attacking the pea aphid were identified as Erynia neoaphidis Remaudičre and Hennebert and Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall and Dunn) Remaudičre and Keller. Both pathogens infected the aphid on pea, but only E. neoaphidis was found in the alfalfa plots. Infected aphids were not found on alfalfa during 1999. The maximum levels of infected aphids on pea were 10.30% and 48.39% in 1998 and 1999, respectively. During both years alate aphids were more frequently attacked than apteral ones. Correlation coefficients indicated a positive relationship between the number of infected aphids and precipitation, but this relationship was weak or moderately strong. A strong correlation was found between the number of dead aphids and number of alate aphids counted 5 to 10 days earlier.
Evaluation of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami in hybrid lines of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under greenhouse conditions
Authors: El-Bramawy M.A. , Veverka K. , Vaverka S. , El-Shazly M.S. , El-Sattar M.A. , El-Ashary M.A. , Ammar S.E.
Published: February 2018

Thirty-six samples of sesame (15 F1 and 15 F2 generations and their 6 parents) were evaluated for their reaction to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami (Zaprometoff) Castellani after artificial inoculation in greenhouse tests. The experimental soil was analysed mechanically and microbiologically. Reactions of the plants were recorded on a scale from 0 = no visible infection (immune) up to 6 = 70% infected plants (highly susceptible). Highly significant differences of susceptibility and resistance to the wilt pathogen were observed among hybrids and their parents. The level of infection in the parental generation varied from 2.22 to 63.77% (mean at 33.74%), in the F1 from 13.46 to 73.78% (mean at 32.09%), and in the F2 populations from 0.71 to 59.4.5% No population was immune. Nine lines of the F1 were classified as resistant (R) and three of them had the same rank in the F2. Only one parent (P3) and three lines from the F2 (13, 9 and 12) showed infection below 10% and were identified as highly resistant (HR) by infection rates of 2.22%, 0.71%, 6.08% and 9.57%, respectively. They can thus be considered as promising parents for breeding programs.
Composition and nutritional value of amaranth seeds
Authors: Kalač P. , Moudrý J.
Published: February 2018

There are reviewed literature data on proteins, lipids, starch, oligosaccharides, dietary fibre, mineral constituents, vitamins and antinutritional compounds of amaranth seeds. Moreov r, information on isolation of squalene from oil and betacyanin pigments from leaves and inflorescence is given. Data on hypocholesterolemic effect of amaranth seeds are also mentioned.
Preparation and use of monoclonal antibodies to detect Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae
Authors: Pekárová-Kyněrová B. , Kutíková M.
Published: February 2018

A monoclonal antibody (MAb 18) was prepared against purified mycelial proteins from Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae. The specificity of MAb 18 (lgG class) was tested using indirect ELISA (PTA-ELISA).It cross-reacted with Phytophthora cacto­ rum, P. cinrzamomi, P. cryptogea, P. fragariae) but not with other fungi (Fusarium  oxysporum, Pythium ultimwn and P. oligan­ drwn) and bacteria (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) isolated from tomato. Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae was detected in roots and basal stems of artificially infected young tomato plants using indirect ELISA and immunoprinting.
Effectiveness of fungicides against head blight of wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum
Authors: Tak sh Y. , Vaverka S.
Published: February 2018

Fungicides were tested in 1996 and 1997 for their efficacy to control Fusarium culmorum after inoculation of winter wheat in the early flowering stage. The best results were achieved with metconazole and a mixture of tebuconazole with triadimefon or triadi­ menol. Good results were achieved with epoxiconazole, cyproconazole, flusilazol and bromuconazole.