bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russia’s Growth as a Regional Power in the Context of the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Popescu Raluca Maria
Published: August 2020

We are currently witnessing the emergence of new poles of power, practically from the bi-polar model of the post-World War 2 world, the Russian Federation has made in the last years made great efforts to introduce a multi-polar model, in other words it is seeking to affirm itself again on the world stage and gain leadership as a pole of power for the eastern Europe. There is a direct correlation between the status of „regional leader” and the economic power of the country who wants to achieve this status. Taking into account a set of indicators such as: share in the world GDP, trade and investment flows, the European Union, USA and China are at the moment the biggest poles of economic power in the world. Russia aspires to expand its influence and within the context of the Eurasian Economic Union seeks to reach the status of regional economic power. The main research questions of the article is if Russia can achieve through the Eurasian Economic Union and strategic partnership with China, the status of regional power and be a serios contender to the European Union. The article follows a qualitative methodology and examines the possible implications of the European Union- Eurasian economic Union competition at a regional level and Russia’s perspectives to achieve, as the leading force of the Union, a greater influence from an economic and geo-political perspective. The final section analyses the impact that the growth of the Chinese economy has had on the European Union as well as the Eurasian Economic Union. In this context, Russia has moved its attention towards Asia, particularly towards China, with whom all evidence points, is trying to form an alliance against the West, and is trying to capitalize on the ongoing trade war that is enfolding between the USA and China. The article concludes that Russia needs China, as the world’s second largest economy and important regional power more than China needs Russia and their current relationship is based more on their personal need to undermine other powers than any true common visions.
Involving cross-border organized crime networks from ex-Soviet sources in support of terrorism and their influence on regional economic development
Authors: Trăistaru Marius
Published: August 2020

This paper indicates how the actions of organized crime networks (especially the former the former Soviet Union) can affect, from an economic point of view, the elaboration of policies to combat transnational terrorism. Transnational organized crime poses a significant and growing threat to national and international security, with dire implications for public safety, public health, democratic institutions, and economic stability across the globe. Not only are criminal networks expanding, but they also are diversifying their activities, resulting in the convergence of threats that were once distinct and today have explosive and destabilizing effects. Ex-soviet organized crime networks represent a significant threat to economic growth and democratic institutions. Nuclear material trafficking is an especially prominent concern in the former Soviet Union. Because some terrorist-extremist organizations are criminal groups that have a specific organization, logistics, specific training and education systems that cannot work without having material and financial resources. As a result, one of the most effective ways to fight the threat of terrorist organizations is to combat terrorism financing. Within the European Union, the primary responsibility for combating terrorist financing lies with the Member States. However, the EU can and should play a supporting role in helping to respond to the transnational nature of the threat.
Challenges and opportunities for creative-innovative clusters partnerships
Authors: Neamţu Daniela Mihaela , Bejinaru Ruxandra , Hapenciuc Cristian Valentin
Published: August 2020

Clusters of innovation are global economic “hot spots” where new technologies germinate at an astounding rate and where pools of capital, expertise, and talent foster the development of new industries and new ways of doing business. They are vibrant, effervescent ecosystems composed of startups, businesses that support the startup process, and mature enterprises (many of whom evolved rapidly from a startup history). In these ecosystems, resources of people, capital, and know-how are fluidly mobile and the pace of transactions is driven by a relentless pursuit of opportunity, staged financing, and short business model cycles. The aim of this paper, clustering, which is an important model in the development of the countries and the concept of innovation have been reviewed together. The most prominent feature of the industry is to produce Technology. Countries to focus on knowledge-intensive industries and businesses as a result of regional cluster policies for innovation are seen that there is a relation between. Clustering is an important model for an innovational development in Romania. The analysis was carried out for a period of 3 years, for which there were registered the main achievements in the field of product innovation, processes, organizational forms and marketing methods, new or significantly improved, obtained by companies, starting from January 2016 until December 2018, representing Romania’s contribution to the evaluation of the results of the European statistical research on innovation, 2018. Following the innovative activities in which the companies are engaged does the characterization of the innovation. The National Institute of Statistics provides the necessary means for carrying out statistical research on innovation in businesses in the business and industrial environment.
Sequential priming in the detection of the facial expression: New approach in the study of emotional detection
Authors: León Fernando Gordillo , Nieto Miguel Ángel Pérez , Hernández Lilia Mestas , Arana Martínez José M. , Parra Gabriela Castillo , Pérez Rafael Manuel López
Published: August 2020

The effective detection of those facial expressions that alert us to a possible threat is adaptive. Hence the reason that studies on face sampling have involved analysing how this process occurs, with evidence to show that the eyes focus mainly on the upper side of the face; nevertheless, no clear determination has been made of the relationship between the efficacy in detection (speed and accuracy) and the way in which emotions are visually tracked on the face. A sequential priming task was therefore held in which the four quadrants of the face were displayed consecutively, for 50 ms each one, and in a different order (24 sequences). The results reveal a quicker response when the priming sequence begins in the upper part, continues downward to the right-hand side of the face, and then follows an anti-clockwise direction. The results are discussed in the light of studies using the Eye-Tracking technique.
GIS-supported modelling of the accessibility of outpatient care services according to SGB V and SGB XI in Lower Franconia under consideration of demographic developments
Authors: Burk Jannis , Meyer Constantin , Peters Jan Christoph , Rauch Sebastian
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyse the accessibility of outpatient care services in Lower Franconia, Germany, taking into account the spatially differentiated population structure for the year 2017 as well as the expected demographic development until 2025. The accessibility was modelled both raster-based and vector-based in a GIS software. Moreover, demographic developments in the age group “80 years and older” are also incorporated. The results of the raster-based travel time modelling show relatively good accessibility in the study area except from a few peripheral areas. Catchment areas for outpatient care services were calculated using vector-based travel time modelling, drawing on travel flat rates according to SGB V and SGB XI as well as staff costs as calculation bases for threshold values. In parts of Lower Franconia there is no sufficient cost coverage. With regard to the population development outlined above and insufficient coverage of travel costs by flat-rate travel allowances in low mountain ranges and away from urban agglomerations, a transition to a flexible travel compensation for nursing services and an increase in nursing staff is recommended.
High frequency of BRCA recurrent mutations in a consecutive series of unselected ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Chicos Andrei , Negura Lucian , Braescu Rares , Morariu Aliona , Negura Anca , Chicos Andreea , Lupascu Cristian
Published: August 2020

Hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is diagnosed by molecular analysis of deleterious mutations in BRCA genes, allowing oncogenetic follow-up of patients and of their families. BRCA testing addresses only to HBOC families, using restrictive inclusion criteria based on familial history of cancer and age at diagnosis. Sporadic ovarian cancer has high incidence and mortality in Romania, with low median age of diagnosis and possibly a higher magnitude of hereditary contribution comparing to othe populations. However, sporadic ovarian cancers do not qualify for BRCA testing according to inclusion criteria, and a complete BRCA screening of all cancers is neither feasible nor recommended. Despite the large diversity of BRCA mutations worldwide, some recurrent mutations have higher frequencies in diverse populations. Precisely screening for recurrent mutations in a target population allows to rapidly identifying mutation carriers without sequencing the entire BRCA genes. In Romanian population and neighboring countries, several recurrent mutations have already been described. In a consecutive series of 50 sporadic ovarian cancer patients, not qualifying for BRCA complete testing, we screened for 9 most common BRCA mutations, by multiplex-PCR, RFLP and targeted Sanger sequencing. Our results revealed 6 different BRCA mutations in 8 unrelated patients, with a frequency of 16%, much higher than expected. We further recommend screening for the identified mutations in larger series of cancer patients. The results are highly beneficial to cancer patients, healthy relatives, and overall, considering prevention in cancer a priority, to public health system and future of oncogenetics in Romania
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I - Clinical and genetic characteristics of Romanian patients
Authors: Alkhzouz Camelia , Lazea Cecilia , Miclea Diana , Asavoaie Carmen , Nascu Ioana , Pop Tudor , Grigorescu-Sido Paula
Published: August 2020

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), which leads to the accumulation of partially digested glycosaminoglycans (dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate) in the lysosomes and induces multisystemic alteration. Hurler (severe), Scheie (mild), and Hurler/Scheie (intermediate) syndromes are clinical subtypes of MPS-I. To date, more than 290 IDUA mutations have been reported. The purpose of this study was to present the clinical and genetic characteristics of Romanian MPS I syndrome patients and their genotype-phenotype correlation.

Patients and methods: Seven patients (5 girls and 2 boys) with MPS type I, belonging to 4 unrelated families, aged 0,75-17.9 years, were enrolled. The study methods consisted in: clinical and standard auxological assessment, bone radiographs, joint ultrasonography, goniometry, neurological and psychological evaluation, hepatic and splenic ultrasonography, cardiological evaluation, otorhinolaryngology examination, ophthalmological examination, spirometry, α-L-iduronidase enzyme activity assay and molecular analysis.

Results: The seven patients originated from 4 unrelated families, three patients with severe, two patients with intermediate and two with attenuated clinical phenotype. Each patient presented the classical picture of MPS type I picture, represented by: variable coarse facial features, arthropathy, hepatosplenomegaly, cardiac involvement, respiratory dysfunction and neurological impairment. Five patological variants, three point mutations (p.Q70 *, p.I238Q and p.K324R), two deletion c.1045_1047delGAC, c.46_57delTCGCTCCTG) and an insertion (c.1389 insC) were identified in both alleles of the ADUA gene in homozygous or heterozygous form. Two novel mutations (p.K324R and c.1389 insC) were reported. The p.Q70*(c.208C>T) variant was identified in 2 families with severe form of disease (Hurler syndrome) in homozygous status in one family and in compound heterozygous status in the other family.

Conclusion: The p.Q70* missense variant was the most frequent, correlated in all the cases who presented it with severe form, Hurler syndrome, the other mutations being usually isolated and particular for each patient, associated in our patients with less severe MPS I phenotype, as Hurler-Scheie or Scheie syndrome. The results of this study indicated the mutational heterogeneity of the IDUA gene and the difficulty to indicate some correlation between the genotype and phenotype in MPS I patients.
“Man as Literature. Recurring Memories”
Authors: Necula Constantin
Published: August 2020

In the reading cultural openness, the human effort is the key to a de-construction that opens the source of knowledge. Can we only build libraries? Do we only read the book or also the author? The line of the book’s culture runs parallel to daily life or breaks the rhythm or tense knowledge. How do we build man-literature? Is knowledge an Oath in Gandhi’s meaning, a Covenant with a memory? And how does the dimension of human dignity evolve from reading into knowledge? We have no answer. However, we have a description of the interrogation process.
Transnational Grandparenting at the Test of Migration Policy: The Case of European and Non-European Grandparents Who Come to Switzerland to Care for Their Grandchildren
Authors: Wyss Malika
Published: August 2020

This article is based on a qualitative and comparative study of childcare arrangements that European and non-European grandparents engage in in Switzerland. It shows that the Swiss migration regime significantly shapes these arrangements, as a result of free circulation versus visa constraints that discriminate EU and non-EU nationals. It also points to other structuring factors, such as the Swiss care and gender regimes or the quality of intergenerational relations.
Racialization Without Racism in Scholarship on Old Age
Authors: Torres Sandra
Published: August 2020

Population aging and international migration have propelled the aging of ethno-cultural minorities to the forefront of social scientific inquiries. Examining how scholarship on old age makes sense of ethnicity and race has become relevant. Based on a scoping review of peer-reviewed articles published between 1998 and 2017 (n = 336), the present article asks whether the notions of racialization and racism inform this scholarship and argues that a racism-sensitive research agenda is needed.
Non-potable water as a merchandise: The market and the promotion strategy
Authors: Krupina N.N.
Published: August 2020

Subject. The article discusses the specifics of the non-potable water market, strategies for the market-driven behavior of agents, public administration and the maintenance of goods circulation. Objectives. I substantiate the possibility of reasonable water use by expanding the non-potable water market to use it for general and washing processes. The article also evaluates strategic market positions of the merchandise. Methods. I applied general methods for analyzing the water use as a socio-economic process, systematizing the existing viewpoints and scholarly findings, matrix-based tools for choosing the operators’ market behavior strategy, graphical and logic analyses of market aspects and public regulation measures. Results. I specified the concept of non-potable water and the non-potable water market, described what distinguishes the non-potable market constituents, i.e. a merchandise, boundaries, scale, prices, mutual relationships, functions. I carried out the dual matrix analysis of strategic positions of areas where private operators work in coordinates of the matrices the product – the market and the buyer – the seller. Considering the shortage of potable water and deterioration of water reservoirs and fiscal benefits, it is reasonable to amplify stringent measures of public administration. Conclusions and Relevance. The national water security and competitive advantages of Russia are indispensable unless local markets of non-potable water progresses. Business areas can be evaluated and typical market behavior strategies can be used to maintain the competitive potential if operators’ activities are analyzed by coordinating classical administrative matrices the product – the market and the buyer – the seller. The findings can be used to set up trading activities of water wastewater treatment plants and private operators, executive authorities in regions and municipalities that organize and control the performance of national strategic programs and projects.
The impact of company's industry affiliation on sustainable growth management
Authors: Dome I.N.
Published: August 2020

Subject. The concept of sustainable growth is gaining special significance, because the sales growth as the main source of potential development has become inaccessible for a number of businesses.
Objectives. The study aims at establishing the influence of company's industry affiliation on the balance between sustainable and real growth, and at verifying the hypothesis about the impact of the industry factor on the management of sustainable growth.
Methods. The study rests on the systems approach and employs general and special scientific empirical and theoretical methods, like comparison, detailing, measurement, analysis, synthesis, formalization, deduction and induction.
Results. I consider samplings of companies operating in three different industries, i.e. pharmaceutical, chemical and textile. Initially, I determine the balance between real and sustainable growth rates and the main trends by industry. The paper unveils companies that are in the least stable position, describes the performed additional analysis of the influence of industry factors on sustainable growth, and offers directions for overcoming negative trends.
Conclusions. Industry affiliation influences the management of sustainable growth, primarily through the supply-demand balance in the relevant market. When making operational and financial decisions, companies should consider the industry affiliation as one of the most important factors.
Institutional environment as the basis of accounting and information support for the management of a modern university
Authors: Egorova E.M. , Glushchenko A.V.
Published: August 2020

Subject. This article analyzes the institutional environment of the Russian universities' functioning in terms of its structural elements.
Objectives. The article aims to investigate the institutional environment of the functioning of universities and its impact on the object base, the system of indicators and management accounting tools, as well as identify the accounting and information needs of the system of intra-university management.
Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization, and the logical and statistical techniques.
Results. The article identifies and classifies the external and internal environment factors of modern Russian universities. It proves that the institutional environment of the university, which is complex and deterministic, influences its accounting and information system.
Conclusions. The paper concludes that environmental external and internal factors determine the accounting tools and accounting practices available to management for planning, organization, motivation, monitoring and accounting of the internal activities of universities and bringing them into line with the dynamic environment to ensure the efficient functioning and fulfillment of goals and mission.
Improving the integrated reporting of electric-power industry companies
Authors: Malinovskaya N.V. , Malinovskii M.D.
Published: August 2020

Subject. This article deals with the issues relating to improving integrated reporting in terms of dovetailing strategic objectives with capital changes.
Objectives. The article aims to develop a system of indicators for disclosure of capital types in integrated reporting of electricity generating companies, as well as recommendations aimed at implementing the fundamental concepts and guiding principles of integrated reporting.
Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, and abstraction. As a case study, we conduct a comparative analysis of the disclosure of six types of capital by the largest electricity generating companies, namely PAO Inter RAO, AO Rosenergoatom and PAO RusHydro.
Results. The article formulates proposals for disclosure of capital information to address such a lack of accountability as a contradiction to the principle of coherence. It proposes a system of indicators (core and additional) for disclosure of six types of capital by electricity generating companies.
Conclusions. A significant reporting problem is the lack of correlation between key strategic objectives and capital changes. The formulated recommendations for disclosure of capital information can help solve this problem, and increase the attractiveness of the integrated report for capital providers.
Evaluating the innovation of oil and gas enterprises under new circumstances: Evidence from Rosneft Oil Company
Authors: Baranova N.M. , Loginova D.S. , Larin S.N.
Published: August 2020

Subject. Illustrating the case of Rosneft Oil Company, we herein study how innovation spurs business operations, increases the competitiveness of firms and protects them from risks.
Objectives. We model the innovative activity of Rosneft Oil Company and its competitiveness.
Methods. We analyze proceedings by the Russian and foreign scholars, materials on program for the innovative and sustainable development of Rosneft Oil Company. Our assessments were based on statistical data of Rosneft’s annual report for 2004–2019. The regression analysis and econometric studies were conducted via Eviews10.
Results. We set models to predict the innovative development of the company for the nearest future. We revealed that the linear model was the most appropriate and suitable for forecasting. Properties and estimates of the exponential model turned to be insignificant, on the contrary.
Conclusions and Relevance. Currently, it is difficult to forecast the extent to which corporate development, its innovative activity will change in 2020 and in the nearest future. Despite the company’s achievements before 2020, continuous trade wars, geopolitical conflicts, pandemic, OPEC agreements and a consequential drastic drop in the demand for power resources considerably slowed down the pace of the economic growth not only in the company, but also in the country.
Priorities for upgrading the Russian lending system in the current circumstances
Authors: Zakergaeva K.M. , Isaeva P.G.
Published: August 2020

Subject. The article focuses on the lending system in the banking sector of Russia.
Objectives. We examine and set priorities for modernizing the Russian lending system in the current circumstances.
Methods. The article represents the statistical analysis of macroeconomic developments, estimates of the banking sector performance.
Results. We indicate what the financial system shall mainly address and how banking resources can increase their contribution to the socio-economic development of the territory. The financial position of customers shall be evaluated on the differential basis, considering the industrial specifics of their business, inter alia, for making loan and similar reserves, imposing less strict requirements to additional information on borrowers.
Conclusions and Relevance. Macroprudential regulation is one of the most important and extensive objectives to improve the financial market in Russia. The mandatory centralized clearance seems promising with respect to OTC derivatives if viewed by assessing the economic motivation for using the clearance that involves the central counterpart, as compared with bilateral deals. The actions are supposed to positively influence the development of the national economy. The findings can be used to examine development trends in the Russian banking sector.
Evaluating the impact of digital technologies on the performance of an industrial enterprise
Authors: Rybakov M.B. , Kolesnik G.V.
Published: August 2020

Subject. Considering the use of traditional business models, the digital transformation becomes a cornerstone for industrial enterprises to remain competitive and survive in the market. Therefore, it is important to identify factors making the integration of digital technologies into operations more effective.
Objectives. We analyze how digital technologies influence the performance of industrial enterprises. We also identify what improves corporate operations, and choose digital transformation metrics.
Methods. The study relies upon methods of the logic and systems analysis, multivariate optimization.
Results. The article sorts contemporary challenges to the corporate competitiveness due to the emergence of digital technologies. We discover factors that spur the performance of industrial enterprises in the digital economy. We suggest using a comprehensive metric to gauge the efficiency of digital technologies integrated into the enterprise's operations.
Conclusions and Relevance. Digital technologies are not supposed to penetrate every sector. Furthermore, to effectively integrate them, the company should at least have the digital culture and employees who have basic digital competencies. If enterprises have low capabilities for perceiving new technologies, the priority development may turn to be hard for them in those sectors where digital technologies and knowledge are most important. The single indicator is not enough to gauge whether digital technologies have been effectively implemented. The comprehensive indicator seems more promising, since it accounts for indirect effects, rather than direct effects on the performance.
Digitalization of the economy as a factor of the region's sustainable competitive advantages in the face of global challenges
Authors: Pechatkin V.V.
Published: August 2020

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the implementation of the National project Digital Economy of the Russian Federation in the regions of Russia.
Objectives. The article aims to develop and test a methodological approach to assessing the impact of the economy digitalization on the level of competition capacity of the areas, and justify practical recommendations on its use in the system of regional management.
Methods. For the study, I used a correlation analysis, dialectical and systems approaches, and the table procedure of information interpretation.
Results. The article proposes a developed and tested methodological approach to assessing the impact of the economy digitalization on the level of sustainability of the competitive advantages of regions. The classification of regions by level of competitiveness, informatization and digitalization is presented. The article also offers a set of activities aimed at developing the digital economy taking into account new challenges for each type of regions.
Conclusions. The article concludes that there is a directly proportional relationship between the level of digitalization of the region and its stable ability to compete. To improve the system of regional management in the aspect of the digital economy development, the proposed set of measures is needed, which can help raise the country's competitive capacity in the medium term.
The impact of innovation on the polarization of the region's territorial structure
Authors: Tikhii V.I. , Koreva O.V.
Published: August 2020

Subject. This article examines the issues of asymmetrical development of the areas.
Objectives. The article aims to study the impact of innovation-driven development on polarization processes in the region.
Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis.
Results. The article justifies the need to form an effective regional innovation policy aimed at reducing the spatial unevenness of the areas.
Conclusions. Since many regions of Russia do not have large deposits of actively developed minerals, the innovation factor can become a driver of regional development. The formation of a regional innovation system will contribute to a more balanced development of the territorial structure.
Human capital and the social insecurity of the region's male population
Authors: Kozyreva G.B. , Belaya R.V.
Published: August 2020

Subject. This article explores the human capital problems of the depressed region's male population. The Republic of Karelia is considered as a case study.
Objectives. The article aims to assess the human capital of the Republic of Karelia's manhood by building a model that includes social health, labor market status and wages.
Methods. For the study, we used statistical data analysis techniques. The study is based on the opinion poll findings of men aged 18 to 49 of the Republic of Karelia.
Results. The article presents a model of the human capital of the male population of the Republic of Karelia, covering the characteristics of social health, structure of employment, and the level of wages of men of the Republic.
Conclusions. The article draws conclusions about the differences in the competitive advantages of men of different conditions of marriage.
Yhteistyöllä ja emo-organisaatiota kuunnellen kohti avautuvaa tiedettä – Tieteelliset kirjastot 2020-luvulla (osa 1)
Authors: Ala-Kyyny Juuso
Published: August 2020

Tieteelliset kirjastot ponnistavat uuteen vuosikymmeneen 2010-luvun kokemuksin. Signumin tiedusteluun vastanneet kirjastot odottavat, että päättyneellä vuosikymmenellä alkaneet kehityskulut vain vahvistuvat ja syvenevät. Kirjastot kiinnittyvät yhä tiiviimmin kehysorganisaationsa toimintaan. Tieteen avoimuus ja teknologioiden kehitys ovat läpileikkaavia teemoja, jotka ulottuvat toimintaympäristön vaatimuksista palveluihin. Yhteiskunnallinen kehitys nousee esiin painokkaasti erikoiskirjastojen vastauksissa. Tämä on kaksiosaisen artikkelisarjan avausosa, jossa tarkastellaan 2020-luvun trendejä kirjastonäkökulmasta.
Julkaisumaksujen jäljillä: Kokemuksia APC-maksujen seurannasta
Authors: Ikonen Arto , Jussila Juho , Laakkonen Anna , Linna Anna-Kaarina , Suonpää Sirpa
Published: August 2020

Avoimen julkaisemisen yleistyessä apc-maksujen hallinnointi ja seuranta on noussut yhä tärkeämpään rooliin suomalaisissa tutkimusorganisaatioissa. Samalla on huomattu myös ne haasteet, joita maksuliikenteen seuraamiseen liittyy. FinELib-kirjastokonsortio käynnisti keväällä projektin, jossa kuusi organisaatiota etsi toimivia käytäntöjä julkaisumaksujen parempaan seurantaan. Tässä artikkelissa esitetään projektin keskeiset tulokset.
Current trends in paediatric infections in the Russian Federation
Authors: Lobzin Yu. V. , Rychkova S. V. , Uskov A. N. , Skripchenko N. V. , Fedorov V. V.
Published: August 2020

The onset of 2020 clearly demonstrated that infection agents pose a major threat to mankind. Current infectiology is shaped by resurrection of “old” seemingly forgotten infections, emergence of “new” infection agents, unusual combinations of known agents, evolving resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs, transformation of human microbiome leading to distortions in herd immunity and, ultimately, emergence of healthcare-related infectious diseases, not letting alone threats of bioterror. Infection agents evolve together with mankind. Novel facets emerge in infectiology, alongside with trends in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases that become more diverse as the list of pathogens grows. Human and infection agent links extend beyond antagonistic relations towards symbiosis. Microorganisms adapt quickly in the new technogenic environment giving rise to novel pathogens and making it unlikely for the mankind to get free from infections any time soon.

The total economic damage from infectious diseases increases by year, despite continuous improvement in therapy. Infectious mortality in children aged 0 to 14 years is the top fourth among other causes of death. The work assesses comparative dynamics of “common” childhood infections in the Russian Federation during 2018–2020. We analyse ofﬁcial statistics on paediatric infectious morbidity, comparative dynamics of main infectious diseases (acute respiratory diseases, intestinal infections of bacterial and viral nature, neuroinfections, anthropozoonotic infections, viral hepatitises), assess trends in morbidity of vaccine-preventable infections in children and adults in the Russian Federation, with greater detail towards selected regions, from January 2018 to April 2020.
Occurrence of internal root resorption defects in anterior teeth with a history of concussion injury: A cross-sectional study among select adult North Indian dental patients
Authors: Bains Rhythm , Tikku Aseem P. , Verma Promila
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of internal resorption (IR) defects in select adult North Indian population with a history of concussion injury to their anterior teeth.

Material and Methods:

The study population consisted of patients reporting with a history of concussion injury to their anterior teeth. At least two intraoral periapical radiographs, one at central and other at a 20° horizontal angulation, were taken for each of the affected teeth to check for any IR defect. The radiographs were inspected after placing them over a viewing box using magnifying glasses. Percentage of IR defects and their occurrence on the basis of tooth type, duration of trauma, gender, and side was assessed.

Results:

A total of 1507 patients reported with a history of a traumatic dental injury (TDI) to their anterior teeth. About 37.1% (560/1507) patients and 602 teeth with TDI had a history concussion injury. The percentage of patients with concussion injuries resulting in IR defect was 3.3% (19/560), and the percentage of teeth with IR defect was 3.16% (19/602). About 68.42% (13/19) were in males, and 31.58% (6/19) were in females; however, the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.05, P = 0.590). Most of the patients reported with a history of TDI within 0–5 years back, and the median age at the time of presentation was 20 years. Maxillary left central incisor was most affected, 4.84% (9/186) followed by maxillary right central incisor 3.5% (7/200) mandibular left lateral incisor 3.85% (1/26), mandibular left central incisor 3.57% (1/28), and maxillary lateral incisor 1.52% (1/66). Out of the 19 IR defects, 15 (78.9%) were located in the root, four were located coronally (21.05%), out of which 2 had a pink-colored crown.

Conclusion:

Silent injuries such as concussion and subsequent IR can potentially weaken the tooth; therefore, follow-up of patients with a history of TDIs is vital to rule out any developing but obscure resorptive defects.
Residents position volar plate evaluation for the fractures of the distal radius /Avaliação do posicionamento da placa volar para fraturas do rádio distal
Authors: Viecili Leandro , Costa Antonio Carlos Da , Falcochio Diego Figueira , Nascimento Valdênia Das Graças , Chakkour Ivan
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackground: At the end of the residency, the orthopedic surgeon will have access to other types of plate’s osteosynthesys for treating distal radius fractures that may be unknown to them. The aim was to assess and compare the outcomes from positioning the plate on the volar surface of the radius obtained by residents at the Department of Orthopedics and Trauma. Methods: Cross-sectional study at public hospital. Thirty positions were analysed, performed by residents, of blocked volar plates in a cadaveric left radius prepared with a simulated simple distal metaphyseal fracture. Results: 17 plate positioning (56.66%) were correct and, among these, the average distance between the end of the plate and the watershed line was +0.91 mm distal to it; the average proximal coronal positioning of the plate was 0.69 mm radial to the midline of the radius; and the average distance between the plate and the bone surface in the sagittal plane was 0.97 mm. Conclusions: Slightly more than half of residents correctly identified the plate’s laterality. There was astatistically significant a correlation between the plate-bone distances, in the sagittal plane, and between the plate’s distal end and the watershed line, in the coronal plane.Keywords: Radius fractures; Orthopedics; Surgical procedures, operative; Radius; Orthopedic proceduresRESUMOObjetivo: Ao término da residência, o ortopedista terá acesso a outros tipos de placas muitas vezes desconhecidas por ele. O objetivo foi avaliar e comparar os resultados do posicionamento da placa na superfície volar do rádio entre os residentes dos três anos de Ortopedia e Traumatologia deste departamento. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em um hospital público. Foram analisados trinta posicionamentos, realizados por residentes, de placas volares bloqueadas em um rádio esquerdo preparado de cadáver com fratura simples metafisária distal simulada. Resultados: Houveram 17 (56,66%) posicionamentos corretos da placa e, destes, a distância média entre o final da placa à linha divisora de águas foi de +0,91 mm distal a esta; a média do posicionamento coronal proximal da placa foi de 0,69 mm radial à linha média do rádio; e a média da distância entre a placa e a superfície óssea no plano sagital foi de 0,97 mm. Houve correlação de significância estatística entre as distâncias placa-osso no plano sagital e da linha divisora de águas ao limite distal da placa no plano coronal. Conclusões: Pouco mais da metade dos residentes identificou corretamente a lateralidade da placa. Existe relação entre as distâncias placa-osso no plano sagital e entre o limite distal da placa e a linha divisora de águas, no pano coronal.Palavras Chave: Fraturas do rádio, Ortopedia; Procedimentos cirúrgicos operatórios, Rádio (Anatomia), Procedimentos ortopédicos
A importância da Tomografia Computadorizada no diagnóstico da COVID-19 / The importance of Computed Tomography in diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Bertolazzi Pamela , Melo Homero José De Farias e
Published: August 2020

Introdução: O nCov-19 (também nomeado como SARS-Cov2) é responsável pela doença COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease, 2019). A infecção por nCov-19 pode ser assintomática, ou causar sintomas desde o resfriado comum ao quadro Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SARS), sendo este último potencialmente fatal. Para os casos sintomáticos, a Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) de Tórax vem apresentando um papel importante no diagnóstico e acompanhamento da doença. Objetivo: Diante disso e da importância dessa pandemia, o presente artigo visa abordar a importância da TC no contexto da COVID19, descrevendo os achados típicos encontrados na literatura e técnicas de aquisição de TC de Tórax. Método: Trata-se de um artigo de atualização, baseado na revisão sistemática de artigos encontrados em base de dados pré-determinadas utilizandose os descritores COVID-19, Coronavirus, Computed Tomography e Chest CT. Resultados: Um estudo de comparação da técnica molecular com a TC de Tórax (n= 1014 pacientes), mostra uma sensibilidade de 97% da TC de Tórax na detecção da COVID-19 e os artigos apontam opacidades de vidro fosco bilateral e consolidações como achados típicos da COVID-19. Conclusão: O reconhecimento precoce da doença pode acelerar o tratamento e solicitar o isolamento do paciente. Isso permitirá implementação de vigilância em saúde pública, contenção e resposta a esta doença altamente transmissível.Palavras chave: Coronavírus, COVID-19. Tomografia computadorizada, Tórax, TC por raios XASTRACT:Introduction: nCov-19 (also known as SARS-Cov2) is responsible for the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease, 2019). The infection by nCov-19 can be asymptomatic, or causes symptoms from the common cold to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), the latter being potentially fatal. For symptomatic cases, computed tomography (CT) of the chest has been playing an important role in the diagnosis and follow up of the disease. Objective: Given the importance of this pandemic, this article aims to address the importance of CT in the context of COVID19, describing the typical findings found in the literature and techniques for acquiring chest CT. Method: This is an update article, based on the systematic review of articles found in predetermined databases using the descriptors COVID-19, Coronavirus, Computed Tomography and Chest CT. Results: A study comparing the molecular technique with chest CT (n = 1014 patients) shows a sensitivity of 97% of chest CT in the detection of COVID-19 and the articles point to bilateral ground-glass opacities and consolidations as typical findings of COVID-19. Conclusion: Early recognition of the disease can speed up treatment and request isolation from the patient. This will allow for the implementation of public health surveillance, containment and response to this highly transmissible disease.Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, Computed tomography, Chest, CT X ray
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of novel ring-disubstituted isobutyl phenylcyanoacrylates
Authors: Boland Lily L. , Campbell Kelly A. , Chan Nim Yan , Curry Jared A. , Dam Anh , Gabrish Jack Q. , Gordon Clare E. , Gross Megan E. , Rocus Sara M. , Schjerven William S. , Kharas Gregory
Published: August 2020

Novel oxy ring-disubstituted isobutyl phenylcyanoacrylates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2CH2CH(CH3)2 (where R is 2-bromo-3-methoxy, 2-bromo-5-methoxy, 3-bromo-4-methoxy, 5-bromo-2-methoxy, 2-bromo-4-methyl, 2-chloro-3-methoxy, 3-chloro-4-methoxy, 3-chloro-4-methyl) were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-disubstituted benzaldehydes and isobutyl cyanoacetate and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The acrylates were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis.
Automated In Silico Identification of Drug Candidates for Coronavirus Through a Novel Programmatic Tool and Extensive Computational (MD, DFT) Studies of Select Drug Candidates
Authors: Geoffrey A S Ben , Madaj Rafal , Sanker Akhil , Tresanco Mario Sergio Valdés , Davidd Host Antony , Roy Gitanjali , Saji Rinnu Sarah , Yakubu Abdulbasit Haliru , Malgija Beutline
Published: August 2020

The work is composed of python based programmatic tool that automates the dry lab drug discovery workflow for coronavirus. Firstly, the python program is written to automate the process of data mining PubChem database to collect data required to perform a machine learning based AutoQSAR algorithm through which drug leads for coronavirus are generated. The data acquisition from PubChem was carried out through python web scrapping techniques. The workflow of the machine learning based AutoQSAR involves feature learning and descriptor selection, QSAR modelling, validation and prediction. The drug leads generated by the program are required to satisfy the Lipinski’s drug likeness criteria as compounds that satisfy Lipinski’s criteria are likely to be an orally active drug in humans. Drug leads generated by the program are fed as programmatic inputs to an In Silico modelling package to computer model the interaction of the compounds generated as drug leads and the coronaviral drug target identified with their PDB ID : 6Y84. The results are stored in the working folder of the user. The program also generates protein-ligand interaction profiling and stores the visualized images in the working folder of the user. Select drug leads were further studied extensively using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and best binders and their reactive profiles were analysed using Molecular Dynamics and Density Functional Theory calculations. Thus our programmatic tool ushers in a new age of automatic ease in drug identification for coronavirus.

The program is hosted, maintained and supported at the GitHub repository link given below

https://github.com/bengeof/Programmatic-tool-to-automate-the-drug-discovery-workflow-for-coronavirus
Platform to Discover Protease-Activated Antibiotics and Application to Siderophore-Antibiotic Conjugates
Authors: Boyce Jonathan , Dang Bobo , Ary Beatrice , Edmondson Quinn , Craik Charles , DeGrado William F. , Seiple Ian
Published: August 2020

Here we present a platform for discovery of protease-activated prodrugs and apply it to antibiotics that target Gram-negative bacteria. Because cleavable linkersfor prodrugs had not been developed for bacterial proteases, we used substrate phage to discover substrates for proteases found in the bacterial periplasm. Rather than focusing on a single protease, we used a periplasmic extract to find sequences with the greatest susceptibility to the endogenous mixture of periplasmic proteases. Using a fluorescence assay, candidate sequences were evaluated to identify substrates that release native amine-containing payloads without an attached peptide “scar”. We next designed conjugates consisting of: 1) an N-terminal siderophore to facilitate uptake; 2) a protease-cleavable linker; 3) an amine-containing antibiotic. Using this strategy, we converted daptomycin – which by itself is active only against Gram-positive bacteria – into an antibiotic capable of targeting Gram-negative Acinetobacter species. We similarly demonstrated siderophorefacilitated delivery of oxazolidinone and macrolide antibiotics into a number of Gram-negative species. These results illustrate this platform’s utility for development of protease-activated prodrugs, including Trojan horse antibiotics.
Inhibition of Protease of Novel Corona Virus by Designed Noscapines: Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies
Authors: Vishvakarma Vijay Kumar , Kumari Kamlesh , SINGH PRASHANT
Published: August 2020

Nowadays, many people were dying due to infectious coronavirus diseases (COVID-19). It belongs to the betacoronavirus family and also known as SARS-CoV-2. However, COVID-19 is a new form that has some basic difference in the genome which makes it more lethal and infectious. In transmitted in human in late December 2019 and it infected about 20 million till date. Its genome is composed of positive-sense single-stranded RNA, which encodes for the poly-protein. This poly-protein further cleaved into various components of the virus to make the numerous copy of the virus. There are many more similarities in their genome among the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV. However, protease proteins are responsible for the cleavage and hence, COVID-19 main protease is a prime therapeutic target. To date, no medicine/ vaccine can fully cure their infection. To inhibit the activity of protease of COVID-19, molecular docking and ADMET studies of 116 noscapine derivatives were performed and the result was compared with 14 reputed antiviral drugs including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The molecular docking result indicates a better binding in comparison of 14 reputed drugs. Further, the top six noscapines was taken into consideration for the pose analysis and ADMET studies. Finally, the top six noscapine was refined by ADMET properties to get the most potent one.