bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality assessment of Sea Surface Salinity from multiple Ocean Reanalysis Products
Authors: Wang Haodi , Ziqi You , Guo Hailong , Zhang Wen , Xu Peng , Ren Kaijun
Published: December 2022

Sea surface salinity (SSS) is one of the Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) as defined by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). Acquiring high-quality SSS datasets with high spatial-temporal resolution is cruicial for research on the hydrological cycle and earth climate. This study assessed the quality of SSS data provided by four high-resolution ocean reanalysis products, including the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) 1/12° global reanalysis, the The Copernicus Global 1/12° Oceanic and Sea Ice GLORYS12 Reanal-ysis, the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis, the ECMWF Oceanic Reanalysis System 5 (ORAS5) product and the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Phase II (ECCO2) reanalysis. Regional comparison in the Mediterranean Sea shows that reanalysis largely depicts the accurate spatial SSS structure away from river mouths and coastal areas but slightly underestimates the mean SSS values. Better SSS reanalysis performance is found in the Levantine Sea while larger SSS uncertainties are found in the Adriatic Sea and the Aegean Sea. The global comparison with CMEMS level-4 (L4) SSS show generally con-sistent large-scale structures. The mean ΔSSS between monthly gridded reanalysis data and in situ analyzed data is -0.1 PSU in the open seas between 40°S and 40°N with the mean Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) generally smaller than 0.3 PSU and the majority of correlation coefficients higher than 0.5. Comparison with collocated buoy salinity shows that reanalysis products well captures the SSS variations at the locations of tropical moored buoy arrays at weekly scale. Among all the four products, the data quality of HYCOM re-analysis SSS is highest in marginal sea, GLORYS12 has the best performance in the global ocean especially in tropical regions. Comparatively, ECCO2 has the overall worst performance to reproduce SSS states and variations by showing the largest discrepancies with CMEMS L4 SSS.
The Effect of Using the Picture and Picture Method on the Beginning Reading Ability of Grade III Students in Indonesian Language Subjects in Elementary School
Authors: Setyawati Isnaini , Liansari Vevy
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine whether there is a picture and picture method on the initial reading ability of third grade students in Indonesian language subjects in elementary schools. This type of research is pre-experimental design. The sample is 22 students. The instrument is about the form of a description. The results obtained from the pretest data obtained, that the average value of initial reading ability is 54.6 and the results of posttest data obtained, that the average value of initial reading ability of third grade students at SDN Pejangungan is 75.36. From the statistical analysis of the t test, it was found that the result of T arithmetic was 20.6 and T table was 2.080, it was proven that if T arithmetic > T table, it could be concluded that there was an effect of the independent variable (X), on the dependent variable (Y) or the hypothesis was accepted. This is evidenced by the effect of the picture and picture method on the early reading ability of third graders at SDN Pejangungan.
Application of Worship Practice to Form Habits at Madrasah Tsanawiyah
Authors: Khariri Moch Sholakhuddin Al , Romadlon Dzulfikar Akbar
Published: December 2022

When the practice is used to be done thanks to this habit, it will become a habit for those who do it, then it will become addicted and in time it becomes a tradition that is difficult to break. Therefore, this is where the importance of habituation in the educational process. Habituation will form a character, so that later worship will be carried out continuously without any sense of coercion. Like the research conducted by the author at this school. Based on these objectives, this article uses qualitative research methods. This research is intended to raise facts, circumstances, variables, and phenomena that occur. The result of this paper is the implementation of worship at MTs Ma'arif Ketegan Tanggulangin Sidoarjo scheduled with different hours for each grade level. Constraints in the implementation of worship facilities that still use the village mosque which is close to the school. In terms of students, many are still not familiar with the activities in the school environment of MTs Ma'arif Ketegan Tanggulangin Sidoarjo.
Speaking Problems Faced by Lower Secondary School Efl Learners
Authors: Julfah Julfah , Megawati Fika
Published: December 2022

Speaking is one of the important English learning skills to master. This study is about the analysis of students' difficulties in speaking English at SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Sidoarjo, which aims to find out the problems of speaking English experienced by students in grades 7A and 7B of SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Sidoarjo.In this study, researchers used qualitative research methods. By using the subject of classes 7A and 7B consisting of 44 students. In collecting data, researchers used questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Researchers used three main phases of data analysis: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. From the data analysis, the researcher found the difficulties and factors experienced by students in learning to speak English at SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Sidoarjo, as follows: lack of vocabulary, lack of pronunciation, fear of making mistakes, and shame. Of these problems, the most dominant problems are vocabulary and pronunciation. Most of them stated that they were afraid to speak because of their lack of vocabulary and pronunciation. They feel afraid if they make mistakes in pronouncing words in English.
Test the Effectiveness of Infusion Formulation of Tamarind Fruit (Tamarindus indica) with Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia Rotunda) Rhizome against Head Lice Mortality (Pediculus Humanus Capitis)
Authors: Princella Adelia Octa , Ardiansyah Syahrul
Published: December 2022

Pediculosis capitis is an infectious disease caused by the parasite infestation Pediculosis humanus capitis. It is necessary to do alternative medicine by using natural ingredients as insecticides to kill head lice, one of which is tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica) and temu Kunci rhizome (Boesenbergia rotunda) which have chemicals that work as insecticides. The form of the research is experimental in nature at the Laboratory of Clinical Parasitology, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. The sample used was head lice obtained as many as 480 tails from santriwati Pondok Pesantren Nurul Ikhlas Sidoarjo tested with tamarind fruit and rhizome of Temu Kunci obtained from the Probolinggo area, East Java. Samples were tested with 6 treatments, namely 100% tamarind fruit; 25% tamarind and 75% meeting lock; 50% tamarind and 50% meeting lock; 75% tamarind and 25% meeting lock; 100% key retrieval; negative control (aquades) and 4 repetitions. The data obtained for 24 hours were analyzed by using the One Way ANOVA statistical test and continued with the LSD test. One Way ANOVA test obtained a significance value of P= 0.000 (p<0.005) and in the LSD further test, the most effective infusion solution was obtained at K4 (75% tamarind fruit and 25% rhizome of Temu Kunci). The conclusion is that there is an effectiveness of infusion formulation of tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica) with temu lock rhizome (Boesenbergia rotunda) which can eradicate head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis).
Effectiveness Test of Kenikir Leaf Extract (Cosmos Caudatus) Against Death of House Flies (Musca Domestica)
Authors: Romadania Debby Suci , Ardiansyah Syahrul
Published: December 2022

Diarrhea causes frequent (BAB) defecation more than 3 times in 1 day with the consistency of liquid feces as a result of food contaminated with flies. The existence of an extract test using Kenikir Leaves can reduce the population of house flies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Kenikir Leaf (Cosmos caudatus) extract against the death of house fly (Musca domestica) with different concentrations and achieve Lc50 killing power. Experimental research using post-test Only Group Design, by means of accidental sampling technique. Based on the technique of the spray method, they were grouped into six treatments, namely the control group (without treatment), P1 (10%), P2 (20%), P3 (30%), P4 (40%), and P5 (50%). The process is carried out for 72 hours. Of the five concentrations that Lc50 has obtained 48.067% results so that it can kill flies as much as 63%. The results showed that there was a statistically significant effect using One-Way ANNOVA (p>0.05) on Kenikir Leaf extract which was able to kill flies with the best concentrations of 40% and 50%, respectively.
Design and Build a Safe Security System Using RFID With e-KTP as a Tag and Monitoring With IoT-Based Esp32-Cam With Telegram Notifications
Authors: Ashar Abdul Adim , Saputra Dwi Hadidjaja Rasjid
Published: December 2022

Security is one form of convenience to protect archives or important objects such as land certificates, BPKB, and many others, and as a place to store these items a safe is created, with the development of technology, the safe is combined with several electronic components, a modern safe is created without a conventional key, only uses radio frequency identification which is already supported with an E-KTP and password to open it, uses a PIR sensor and an esp32 camera to find out who will access the safe and can be monitored every time. time via a smartphone using the telegram application, and also the telegram application can control the alarm if something suspicious is seen from the esp32 camera.
Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea’s Treatment of Feminism and its Reflection in Character Analysis
Authors: Rakhimova Ugiloy Akbarovna,
Published: December 2022

“Jane Eyre” and “Wide Sargasso Sea” are regarded as the masterpieces that vividly express theelements of feminism. Before analyzing and proving this idea,it is necessary to determine and definethe concept of feminism.One of the best works was Charlotte Bronte’s “Jane Eyre”. At that time, forJane, as a member of the lowest class, she is always looked down upon by those potentates withmoney and power. For people like her, they have no dignity; the rich can treat them at random andneed not bother to give them any esteem. But Jane Eyre never surrenders to those snobbish peoplewho despise the poor and the weak parochially and ruthlessly. In her whole life, she plunges herselfinto struggling for esteem which in her mind is deserved by any human being rather than a privilegefor the wealthy people.
Some Approaches to Translation
Authors: Bozorova Rufina Sharopovna
Published: December 2022

This article discusses the art of translation and some approaches to translation. The views of some scholars on the shortcomings of the translation of a particular work and ways to overcome them are described.
In the Translation of Language Units of Art Lexico-Semantic Properties (on the Example of French and Uzbek)
Authors: Hojiyeva Gulchehra Salimovna
Published: December 2022

This article analyzes the role of phraseology as a field in linguistics, phraseological units formed by means of art terms in French and Uzbek languages and their lexical-semantic features on the basis of two incompatible language norms.
Speech Emotion Recognition Using ANFIS and PSO-optimization With Word2Vec
Authors: rezaie vahid , Parnianifard Amir , Rodriguez Demostenes Zegarra , Mumtaz Shahid , Wuttisittikulkij Lunchakorn
Published: December 2022

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) plays a vital role in human-computer interaction as an important branch of affective computing. Due to inconsistencies in the data and challenging signal extraction, in this paper, we propose a novel emotion recognition method based on the combination of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with Word to Vector (Word2Vec) models. To begin, the inputs have been pre-processed, which comprise audio and text data. Second, the features were extracted using the Word2vec behind spectral and prosodic approaches. Finally, the features are selected using the Sequential Backward Floating Selection (SBFS) approach. In the end, the ANFIS-PSO model has been used to recognize speech emotion. A performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm is carried out on Sharif Emotional Speech Database (ShEMO). The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has advantages in accuracy, reaching 0.873 and 0.752 in males and females, respectively, in comparison with the CNNs and SVM, MLP, RF models.
Barriers to telemedicine establishment and development in Iran: a systematic review
Authors: Mehrolhassani Mohammad Hossein , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Dehnavieh Reza , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz , kargar mohammad
Published: December 2022

Background: Despite the rapid growth of telemedicine technology in the health system in developed and high-income countries and the undeniable benefits of this technology, its establishment and development in developing countries, including Iran, faces many barriers. Telemedicine has not been deployed in delivering routine healthcare services in Iran's health system. In this regard, precise identification of challenges and barriers to telemedicine implementation and development is necessary. This study aimed to identify barriers to telemedicine establishment and development in Iran.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SID, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were non-review articles, studies that examined barriers to telemedicine in Iran, published in English and Persian, and published between 21 March 2013 and 20 March 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed based on Joana Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools. Data were analyzed using narrative synthesis and deductive-inductive thematic analysis.
Results: Out of 825 studies identified, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. The findings fell into four themes, including governance/leadership, financing, health workers, and health information system besides 11 sub-themes using the World Health Organization (WHO) health system building blocks. No specific findings were derived from the building blocks of service delivery and medical product, vaccines and technologies.
Conclusions: In our study, the most significant barriers were related to the building block of governance/leadership. Governance is an integral part of other building blocks of the health system in any country. To establishment and development of telemedicine technology in Iran, ensuring the existence of strategic policy frameworks coupled with some other factors such as effective supervision, coalition building, rules and regulations, inter and intra-sectoral collaboration, and community engagement is necessary. Further studies should be conducted regarding the main causes of barriers to establishing and developing this technology.
Forest fire occurrence shows clear relationships with the numbers of nearby inhabitants and tourists in the Czech Republic
Authors: Berčák Roman , Holuša Jaroslav , Trombik Jiří , Resnerová Karolina , Hlásny Tomáš
Published: December 2022

Background
The vulnerability of forests to fire results from complex interactions among climate, fuel availability (fuel load and moisture content of the vegetation), and ignition sources. The number of forest fires (FFs) has increased in many regions, therefore, it is necessary to reduce and monitor the fire risk. Based on data from 2006 to 2015, we used Generalized Additive Models to determine the degree to which local climate, the forest–urban interface, the percentage of conifers, the number of overnight tourists, and the number of local human inhabitants (residents) are related to the FF frequency in the Czech Republic (Central Europe).
Results
On a monthly scale, the FFs incidence showed distinct spring (April) and summer (July-August) peaks. No distinct pattern was identified on an annual scale, yet the highest number of FFs occurred in 2015, the hottest year in our records. The used predictors explained 45 and 46% of the variability in FFs on monthly and summer scales, respectively, and 69% on an annual scale. The number of FFs was related to the number of residents and the number of overnight tourists ha− 1 y− 1 of the forest. The effect of climate was manifested on monthly and summer scales only, with warmer and drier conditions associated with higher FF frequency. A higher proportion of conifers and the length of the forest-urban interface were positively associated with FF too. Finally, FF frequency was associated with the population density and number of overnights, suggesting the importance of human behavior in fire risk.
Conclusions
The significant relationships between the numbers of FFs and the number of residents and overnight tourists ha− 1 y− 1 of forest suggest that the risk of FFs could be controlled by increasing public awareness and implementing stricter regulations on tourist and local inhabitants’ behaviour.
Central diabetes insipidus in children as a diagnostic challenge – analysis of different clinical pictures and review of the literature
Authors: Dyrka Kamil , Dzialach Lukasz , Niedziela Marek , Jonczyk-Potoczna Katarzyna , Derwich Katarzyna , Obara-Moszynska Monika
Published: December 2022

Background: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare disorder in the pediatric population resulting from antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency and caused by several underlying conditions. It is characterized by the excessive production of dilute urine and manifests with polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia. An appropriate investigation requires a detailed medical history, physical examination, biochemical evaluation (including fluid deprivation test, potentially followed by desmopressin test), and neuroimaging. The diagnosis of CDI is often challenging, especially the underlying condition. The patients sometimes need long-term follow-up to establish the proper final diagnosis.
This paper highlights the diverse clinical presentation of children with CDI, diagnostic difficulties among patients presenting with polyuria and polydipsia, and the need for an individual approach in each case. The article also reviews the etiology, symptoms, diagnostic work-up, and management of CDI.
Case Presentation: We present four pediatric patients (aged 3-13.5 years) diagnosed with CDI of different etiology; one due to congenital anomaly - septo-optic-dysplasia (SOD) and three due to acquired processes such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and germ cell tumor (GCT) in two patients.
Conclusions: CDI was the first manifestation of a tumor or granuloma in all presented patients with acquired pathology. Due to the presented course of illness, it may be concluded, the coexistence of other pituitary hormone deficiencies at initially recognized idiopathic CDI should suggest a more complicated diagnostically problem. Case with a delayed diagnosis with SOD at the age of 13.5 years and case with GCT, where from the CDI diagnosis to the occurrence of pathological change in pituitary stalk 1.5 years have passed, highlight the need for a high clinical suspicion in patients with CDI.
The optimal design model for a new type of scraper and research on its material properties
Authors: Hao Jian , Song Yingchao , Liu Haojie , Zhang Peizhe , Chen Lin , Zhang Na , Jia Shun , Liu Yang
Published: December 2022

Mining scrapers as an important part of scraper conveyors are highly prone to wear and fatigue failure. A new scraper capable of turning sliding friction into rolling friction was designed to limit wear and reduce failure rate. To determine the safety and reliability of the new scraper, numerical pulling force measurement was made on its physical model and finite element analysis was performed on its 3D model based on SolidWorks Simulation. The results are then compared with data of the traditional scraper. Numerical pulling force measurement results indicated impressively lower friction for the new scraper. Stress, strain, and displacement distributions obtained by static stress analysis based on SolidWorks Simulation proved conformance with the strength and deflection standards. Damage percentage and total life nephograms yielded from fatigue analysis indicated no significant life reduction. Numerical pulling force measurement combined with analysis based on SolidWorks Simulation can help reduce the production cost and development cycle. It plays a great role in determining the safety, reliability, and stability of the new scraper.
Design of gas drainage system based on PLC redundancy control technology
Authors: Wang Zuxun , Li Tao
Published: December 2022

In order to improve the stability and reliability of the gas drainage monitoring system, reduce and eliminate the hidden danger of gas overrun safety accidents caused by the monitoring system failure. We designed a gas drainage monitoring system based on redundant control technology. First of all, we designed the overall architecture of the monitoring system. Siemens S7-1500R series programmable logic controller (PLC) was used as the core control unit, redundant design was carried out for CPU and DC24V power supply, and the PLC control cabinet was designed according to the on-site requirements. In the design, smart sensors and digital signal transmission are used to improve the anti-interference ability of the system. Secondly, we designed RS485 communication program and PID control program in portal software to realize data acquisition of smart sensors and constant pressure control of gas drainage system. Finally, we use WinCC configuration software to design the human-machine interface (HMI), which realizes the online monitoring and remote control of the gas drainage system. The application shows that the switching time from the primary CPU to the backup CPU automatically due to failure is about 300 ms. In addition, when any CPU, profinet cable or power supply fails, the system can still work normally, effectively improving the stability and reliability of the gas drainage monitoring system, and achieving the goal of monitoring the gas drainage system efficiently.
Novel quasi-mesenchymal state of extravillous trophoblasts and its regulation during pregnancy
Authors: Choudhury Jaganmoy , Kanika Kanika , Chaturvedi Pradeep Kumar , Gupta Surabhi
Published: December 2022

An appropriately functional placenta is the key to a successful and healthy pregnancy. During human placentation, the cytotrophoblast cells (CTBs) differentiate into the extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) that invade the maternal endometrium. The invaded EVTs take part in maternal-fetal crosstalk, modulate the local immune response, and remodel the spiral arteries. Shallow invasion is often associated with preeclampsia (PE) or other placenta-related pathologies. Earlier studies have indicated that CTB to EVT differentiation has features of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the pathways that control this metastable transition are not fully clear yet. We screened publicly available database GEO for microarray expression datasets containing transcriptomic profile of CTBs and EVTs isolated from first trimester placenta. Three independent datasets were chosen for the study and the dataset having the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was chosen as the primary dataset. The DEGs of the primary dataset were used for molecular signature hallmark analysis which showed that EMT hallmark was positively enriched. Further, the series matrix files of all datasets were used to compute the relative signal intensity of EMT associated genes. The results identified a unique pattern of EMT-associated gene expression in EVTs. Further, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of DEGs identified HIF1A, NOTCH1, ERBB2, and CTNNB1 as hub genes which may be the key regulators of the EMT process during EVT differentiation. Thus, this study documented the existence of a novel quasi-mesenchymal state of EVTs and identified possible upstream regulators involved in placenta-specific EMT.
ReSOTS: RFID/IoT-enabled Secure Object Tracking Key Exchange for Trustworthy Smart Logistics
Authors: Alashjaee Abdullah Mujawib , Irshad Azeem , Daud Ali , Alhomoud Ahmed , Altowaijri Saleh M. , Alshdadi Abdulrahman A.
Published: December 2022

Smart logistics is acknowledged as a key propellant for rapid industrialization and economic development of the nations. It not only helps to foster the cost-effective services to the end user but also brings transparency in the whole supply chain management process by creating a communicative ecosystem involving IoT, RFID and other Information Communication Technology (ICT)-enabled objects. Realizing the notion of smart logistics involves the real time communication and tracking through 5G-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) and interconnected devices. However, mere technological innovations are not enough, until all supply chain-based intermediaries are secure and trustworthy. Moreover, the smart devices exchanging bulk of data are power deficient devices requiring energy efficient communication techniques. For this reason the underlying protocol authenticating the supply chain intermediaries must not only be secure but also computationally efficient. Many authenticated key agreement solutions can be witnessed lately, however with many limitations. Considering these limitations we propose a novel RFID/IoT-enabled secure symmetric key-based authentication protocol (ReSOTS) for tracking the objects in smart logistics-based ecosystem, thereby greatly reducing the computational overheads with adequate security. The scheme is formally analyzed and validated under RoR-based random oracle model. The performance results indicate promising results for the contributed scheme over the comparative studies.
Effect of remimazolam tosilate for injection (HR7056) versus sevoflurane on the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, two-arm, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Lin-yu , Li Liang , Zhang Kang-da , Zhang Dan-xu , Qi Feng , Li Dong-liang
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Postoperative delirium(POD) is a common postoperative complication and is associated with numerous adverse outcomes. Advanced age and hip surgery are high risk factors for POD. Both remimazolam tosilate for injection and sevoflurane can be used as sedatives for the maintenance of general anesthesia, but the comparison of their impacts on the incidence of POD has not been reported. This study aims to compare the effect of remimazolam tosilate vernussevoflurane on the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
Methods and Analysis
This is a two-arm, parallel, prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. A total of 456 elderly patients at six clinical trial centers in China will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive general anesthesia with remimazolam tosilate or sevoflurane as sedative. The primary outcome measure is the prevalence of POD during the first 4 postoperative days. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)], perioperative pain degree [Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)], postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) within 4 days after surgery, recovery time after drug withdrawal, the amount of vasoactive drugs used during operation, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital complications.
Ethics and Dissemination
The Research Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University has approved the study protocol (REF: KYLL-202206-25), which is applicable to all research centers. Participant recruitment begins in August 2022. Written informed consent will be obtained from each patient before randomization. The findings will be published in an international peer-reviewed medical journal.
Trial Registration
The trial has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200062455; date of registration: 2022-08-08.
Auto-Processing of Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Images Including Mie and Background Scattering Contributions
Authors: Powers Sean , Byun Gwibo , Lowe K. Todd
Published: December 2022

A comprehensive and efficient post-processing framework is presented for obtaining aerodynamics measurements of three-component velocity, static temperature, and static density using filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS). This framework contains several steps which culminate in an optimization process for iterative minimization of errors between the experimentally measured FRS spectra and spectra generated by models, providing an inverse solution to determine the local measurement values. Robustness is gained using a multi-level processing technique for successive spatial resolution refinement of measurements. An assessment of the speed and spectral outputs of several published laser Rayleigh scattering models is provided and resulted in the recommendation that Doll's analytic Tenti-S6 model be adopted as the best trade-off in speed and consistency. A distinguishing feature of the approach is the inclusion of methods for interpreting FRS spectra that contain significant scattering contributions from particles and surfaces.
The performance of the methods has been quantified for uncertainties using Monte Carlo simulations, while planar results from two experiments are presented for validation and demonstration of robustness, respectively: a benchtop free jet and the exhaust plume of a miniature turbojet engine. Monte Carlo simulations show that at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 30 dB the approximate uncertainty in scattering angle is 0.3°, 2.5 K for static temperature, 1.5 m/s for velocity, 0.01 kg/m3 for static density, and 0.01 for both Mie and background scattering intensity ratios. The free jet results show differences of 1.5 K for total temperature, 1 m/s for axial velocity, 0.005 kg/m3 for total density, and 200 Pa for total pressure when compared to probe data. All results fall within the 95% confidence bounds of the a priori uncertainties. The small turbojet (JetCat) results are included to show that the processor is robust and accurate even when used with non-ideal data sets from realistic applications such as vitiated exhausts. The JetCat results show differences of 20 K for total temperature, 8 m/s for axial velocity, 0.01 kg/m3 for total density, and 500 Pa for total pressure when compared to probe data. All results except near the edge of the jet plume fall within the 95% confidence bounds of the a priori uncertainties.
Evaluation of the antiviral effect of exogenous human IFN-lambda mRNA against influenza virus in vitro
Authors: Plotnikova Marina A. , Klotchenko Sergey A. , Lozhkov Alexey A. , Dobrovolskaya Olga A. , Romanovskaya-Romanko Ekaterina A. , Vysochinskaya Vera V. , Vasin Andrey V.
Published: December 2022

Objective: Despite the fact that exogenous mRNA has great prospects for the development of therapeutic medicine, its use is still limited. As the immediate protein precursor, positive-stranded mRNA may represent a suitable alternative to prevent of viral infections.
Results: Here, we focused our efforts on making the exogenous RNA encoding human interferon lambda (hIFN-λ1). Using the in vitro transcription method, we obtained hIFN-λ1 RNA and showed that it is capable to rapid translation in transfected cells. We compared the translation efficiency of mRNAs containing unmodified and modified (pseudouridine and 5-methyl-cytidine) nucleosides. Our results showed that the level of hIFN-λ1 during translation from containing modified nucleosides mRNA was 10-fold or more times higher compare to unmodified mRNA.
We found that the delivery of exogenous mRNA encoding GFP and hIFN-λ1 in cells resulted in an increase of MDA5, MxA, OAS-1, and IFN-αexpression, which indicate to the activation of innate immune response.
At last it was shown that mRNA encoding hIFN-λ1 significantly reduced the reproduction of A/California/07/09 (H1N1pdm09) in comparison with the nonspecific mRNA encoding GFP.
Features and Supervised Machine Learning-Based Method for Singleton Design Pattern Variants Detection
Authors: Nacef Abir , Bahroun Sahbi , Khalfallah Adel , Ahmed Samir Ben
Published: December 2022

Design patterns codify standard solutions to common problems in software design and architecture. Given their importance in improving software quality and facilitating code reuse, many types of research are proposed on their automatic detection. In this paper, we focus on singleton pattern recovery by proposing a method that can identify orthodox implementations and non-standard variants. The recovery process is based on specific data created using a set of relevant features. These features are specific information defining each variant which is extracted from the java program by structural and semantic analysis. We are based on the singleton analysis and different proposed features presented by Nacef et al. in [1] to create structured data. This data contains a combination of feature values defining each singleton variant to train a supervised Machine Learning (ML) algorithm. The goal is not limited to detecting the singleton pattern but also the specification of the implemented variant as so as the incorrect structure that is incoherent with the pattern intent. We use different ML algorithms to create the Singleton Detector (SD) to compare their performance. The empirical results demonstrate that our method for automatically training the (SD) based on features and supervised ML, can identify any singleton implementation with the specific variant’s name achieving 99% of precision, and recall. We have compared the proposed approach to similar studies namely DPDf and GEML. The results show that the SD outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches by more than 20% on evaluated data constructed from different repositories; PMART, DPB and DPDf corpus in terms of precision.
Investigation on Automatic Music Generation Using Gan and Lstm Networks
Authors: Tony Suman Maria , Sasikumar S
Published: December 2022

In this article, the authors propose a few methodologies for composing music using deep learning algorithms and Long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The LSTM model is created by training with a set of input files from a music library. The trained model then synthesizes music when an arbitrary note is provided. The GAN and other variants are trained using a set of midi file accumulated from the piano dataset. The pre-trained GAN model is then used to generate music similar to piano roll. The quality of the music is calculated by comparing the harmony and few other parameters of the synthesized music with the trained files. The music library is made with a set of midi files and based on the chosen library, a unique model shall be created. For the model creation, the library files are converted into a suitable format and encoded in order to make it compatible with the LSTM network. Though the outcome of this experiment is a continuous music, the harmony and notes can still be improved to solve the discontinuity problem. The outcome of this experiment is evaluated using conventional evaluators and also the aesthetics by human observer.
Genome insights from the Amazonian rhizobacterium Bacillus paramycoides RZ3MS14 reveal plant growth-promoting multi-traits and bioprotection against phytopathogens and environmental stresses
Authors: Apaza-Castillo Gladys Angélica , Hosaka Guilherme Kenichi , Quecine Maria Carolina
Published: December 2022

Bacillus paramycoides is poorly understood bacterium with potential application as plant growth promoter and agent control bacterium to a more sustainable agriculture. B. paramycoides strain RZ3MS14 was previously isolated from guarana´s rhizosphere on Amazonian rainforest. The obtained RZ3MS14 draft genome comprised 28 scaffolds with a genome size estimated of 5,493,110 bp and a G + C content of 34.9%. We predicted 5,637 coding sequences (CDS). From phylogenomic analysis was observed that RZ2MS14 clustered in a monophyletic group with B. paramycoides strains. The ANI and digital DNA-DNA hybridization comparing RZ3MS14 and the B. paramycoides strain type NH24A2 was 98.5% and 73-80.6% respectively. RZ3MS14 harbors different genes related with plant growth-promoting as instance phosphorus solubilization and mineralization as well as auxin production by IPA pathway and others. Moreover, the RZ3MS14 draft genome presented the putative micrococcin, cerecidin, and paeninodin gene clusters, antibiotics related with pathogen control in addition of genes to VOCs production. Our results contribute to improve the knowledge concerning the molecular basis of B. paramycoides related with its vast application on agriculture.
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 5A2 localizes in actively translating ribosomes to promote cell protrusions and invasion of cancer cells
Authors: Martínez-Férriz Arantxa , Gandía Carolina , Pardo-Sánchez José Miguel , Fathinajafabadi Alihamze , Ferrando Alejandro , Farràs Rosa
Published: December 2022

Background Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 5A (eIF-5A), an essential translation factor, is post-translationally activated by the polyamine spermidine. Two human genes encode eIF-5A, being eIF5-A1 constitutively expressed whereas eIF5-A2 is frequently found overexpressed in human tumours. The contribution of both isoforms with regard to cellular proliferation and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer remains to be characterized. Methods We have evaluated the use of eIF-5A2 gene as prognosis marker in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and validated in immunocompromised mice. We have used cell migration and cell proliferation assays in LUAD lines after silencing each eIF-5A isoform to monitor their contribution to both phenotypes. Cytoskeleton alterations were analysed in the same cells by rhodamine-phalloidin staining and fluorescence microscopy. Polysome profiles were used to monitor the effect of eIF-5A2 overexpression on translation. Western blotting was used to study the levels of eIF-5A2 client proteins involved in migration upon TGFB1 stimulation. Finally, we have co-localized eIF-5A2 with puromycin to visualize the subcellular pattern of actively translating ribosomes. Results We describe the differential functions of both eIF-5A isoforms, to show that eIF5-A2 properties on cell proliferation and migration are coincident with its features as a poor prognosis marker. Silencing of eIF-5A2 leads to more dramatic consequences of cellular proliferation and migration compared to eIF-5A1. Overexpression of eIF-5A2 leads to enhanced global translation. We also show that TGFb signalling enhances the expression and activity of eIF-5A2 which promotes the translation polyproline rich proteins involved in cytoskeleton and motility features as it is the case of Fibronectin, SNAI1, Ezrin and FHOD1. With the use of puromycin labelling we have co-localized active ribosomes with eIF-5A2 not only in cytosol but also in areas of cellular protrusion. We have shown the bulk invasive capacity of cells overexpressing eIF-5A2 in mice. Conclusions We propose the existence of a coordinated temporal and positional interaction between TFGB and eIF-5A2 pathways to promote cell migration in NSCLC. We suggest that the co-localization of actively translating ribosomes with hypusinated eIF-5A2 facilitates the translation of key proteins not only in the cytosol but also in areas of cellular protrusion.
Children of New Immigrants in Taiwan: Educational Mobility in Adolescence
Authors: Tsou Tzung-Ruei
Published: December 2022

The academic achievement of children of new immigrants in Taiwan is well explored in the extant literature. It is generally found that children of Southeast Asian mothers are more disadvantaged than children of mainland Chinese mothers. However, other aspects of educational mobility such as the type of high school a student attend, which has important implications for future occupational status in the labour market as the Taiwanese educational system begins to sort students into either a general or vocational track when they reach high school, are underinvestigated in the literature. Using the Taiwan Upper Secondary Education Database, this study shows that while children of mainland Chinese mothers do not differ significantly from students with native parents in class ranking, GPA, public and general high school attendance, and expected educational attainment, children of Southeast Asian mothers are indeed disadvantaged. Further analysis of Southeast Asian subgroups reveals that children of Thai mothers are the most advantaged whereas children of Vietnamese and Indonesian mothers are the most disadvantaged. An important factor contributing to the disadvantage of children of Southeast Asian mothers is family background, which is particularly salient to children of Vietnamese and Indonesian mothers. Due to this heterogeneity, policymakers and educators may need to understand the specific needs of each subgroup when designing educational programs.
Incorporating Ion Pairing in an Extended Specific Ion Theory: 2-2 Electrolytes
Authors: De Visscher Alex , Chavoshpoor Nazli
Published: December 2022

The specific ion theory (SIT) is a relatively simple model for the description of activity coefficients of ions in electrolyte solutions. However, the SIT model does not account for ion pairing, a phenomenon that is pronounced in 2–2 electrolytes. In this work, a recent extension of the SIT model is further extended to account for ion pairing. The model extension is tested with reported data for BeSO2, MgSO4, MnSO4, NiSO4, CuSO4, ZnSO4, and CdSO4. The standard error of the fit is typically around 1%. To get this accuracy in model fits of the activity coefficients that are consistent with literature data of the MgSO40 ion pair concentration, it was necessary to work in a modified molality scale and to reduce the SIT parameter B from 1.5 to 1.2. The drawback of this choice is that a value of B equal to 1.2 leads to worse predictions of the activity coefficients of 1–1 electrolytes. It is concluded that not accounting for ion pairing in 2–2 electrolytes leads to overestimations of the ionic strength of up to 30% and leads to overestimations of the Debye-Huckel term for the activity coefficient of 2–2 electrolytes by up to 20%.
Spatial Resolution Limitations of Particle Image Velocimetry in High Reynolds Number Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Vishwanathan Vidya , Fritsch Daniel J. , Devenport William J. , Lowe K. Todd
Published: December 2022

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has become a standard technique in turbulence experiments for its non-intrusive ability to simultaneously measure multiple points in a flow field. However, inherent volume averaging of the interrogation windows as well as fixed limitations of camera spatial resolution and related hardware set the minimum and maximum scales of structures that can be resolved with this measurement technique. Resolution limitations present themselves as an attenuation of the measured turbulence statistics, seen particularly in the Reynolds wall-normal stress components. This experimental study investigates the impact of hardware-level resolution limitations on the resolved turbulence statistics of PIV measurements made of both rough and smooth wall turbulent boundary layers influenced by external pressure gradients. Velocity fields are measured with PIV using two lens magnifications; one with a baseline lens and one with the addition of a teleconverter lens to view the same flow-field with double magnification (i.e. a finer spatial resolution). A comparison of the turbulence statistics between the rough and smooth wall, components of velocity, and pressure gradient magnitudes are analyzed. The smooth wall turbulence data consistently show a much higher sensitivity to the spatial resolution, particularly for the wall-normal component, due to the smaller eddy length-scales. A fixed camera resolution limits the measured range of scales which affects comparative magnitudes of turbulence for flows with different local Reynolds numbers. The rough wall data measurements show a variable sensitivity to the camera resolution depending on local Reynolds number and streamwise flow history. A statistical convergence study based on the anistropy of turbulence scales is necessary in experimental design for the study of turbulent boundary layers.
Two-Mode Subharmonic Generator Coupled to Thermal Reservoir
Authors: Belay Negasa
Published: December 2022

In this article, we have studied the squeezing and statistical properties of the light produced by a two mode subharmonic generator coupled to thermal reservoir via a single port-mirror. Finally, we have found that the degree of squezing is in deed affected by the present of thermal light. However the mean photon number of the system under consideration increases with increasing n̄.
The Nature of Active Magma Reservoirs and Storage Underneath Cascade Volcanoes
Authors: Dufek Josef , Cashman Kathy , Hooft Emilie , Bedrosian Paul
Published: December 2022

Volcanic activity is dictated by crustal pathways and reservoirs through which magma ascends and collects. The Cascades are a natural laboratory to study the influence of the crust on erupted magmas and subterranean reservoirs. The interaction of ascending magmas with the variable subduction geometry and tectonics of the overriding North American plate has given rise to a diversity of magmatic storage conditions. The confluence of geochemical and geophysical investigations emphasizes that most magmatic systems in the Cascades have been built at multiple levels in the crust, as determined by tectonics, pre-existing structure, and magmatic flux from the mantle.
Volcano, Earthquake, and Tsunami Hazards of the Cascadia Subduction Zone
Authors: Westby Elizabeth G. , Meigs Andrew , Goldfinger Chris
Published: December 2022

Subduction zones produce some of Earth’s most devastating geological events. Recent eruptions of Mount St. Helens and great earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan and Sumatra provide stark examples of the destructive power of subduction-related hazards. In the Cascadia subduction zone, large earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions have occurred in the past and geologic records imply that these events will occur in the future. As the population and infrastructure increase in the region, resilience to these natural hazards requires a detailed scientific understanding of the geologic forces and processes involved, combined with a society motivated to mitigate risks.
EPIC CULTURE IN TURKMEN LITERATURE
Authors: YILMAZ Emrah
Published: December 2022

Turkmens; with its rich oral cultural products, strong national ties and dynamic lifestyle, it forms an important part of the Turkish cultural circle. In various sources, there is information that the epic is composed of poetry or parable genres, with the mention that it is based on the literary reworking of prose genres such as tales, legends, and narrations, and that it is written as a mixture of verse and prose in literatures based on the Turkish language. In this respect, the concept of epic is considered as an important part of the literary heritage, social memory, written and oral tradition, although it is considered within the category of “parable” in folk literature in Turkmen culture. In this tradition, under the title of “dessan”, the concept of the term is quite broad compared to other traditions and Turkish literature, since many topics related to social life are covered besides the themes of heroism, love, religion, history and music. In this study, the nature of the concept of epic, which has an important place in the literary tradition of Turkmenistan, the performers, the musical instruments used, the schools of bahshilik and the ways of epic are emphasized.