bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recruitment of plasma cells from IL-21-dependent and IL-21-independent immune reactions to the bone marrow
Authors: Ferreira-Gomes Marta , Chen Yidan , Durek Pawel , Rincon-Arevalo Hector , Heinrich Frederik , Bauer Laura , Szelinski Franziska , Guerra Gabriela Maria , Stefanski Ana-Luisa , Niedobitek Antonia , Wiedemann Annika , Bondareva Marina , Ritter Jacob , Lehmann Katrin , Hardt Sebastian , Hipfl Christian , Hein Sascha , Hildt Eberhard , Matz Mareen , Mei Henrik E. , Cheng Qingyu , Dang Van Duc , Witkowski Mario , Lino Andreia C. , Kruglov Andrey , Melchers Fritz , Perka Carsten , Schrezenmeier Eva V. , Hutloff Andreas , Radbruch Andreas , Dörner Thomas , Mashreghi Mir-Farzin
Published: May 2024

Bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) are the correlate of humoral immunity, consistently releasing antibodies into the bloodstream. It remains unclear if BMPC reflect different activation environments or maturation of their precursors. Here we define human BMPC heterogeneity and track the recruitment of antibody-secreting cells (ASC) from SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immune reactions to the bone marrow (BM). Trajectories based on single-cell transcriptomes and repertoires of peripheral and BM ASC reveal sequential colonisation of BMPC compartments. In activated B cells, IL-21 suppresses CD19 expression, indicating that CD19low-BMPC are derived from follicular, while CD19high-BMPC originate from extrafollicular immune reactions. In primary immune reactions, both CD19low- and CD19high-BMPC compartments are populated. In secondary immune reactions, most BMPC are recruited to CD19high-BMPC compartments, reflecting their origin from extrafollicular reactivations of memory B cells. A pattern also observable in vaccinated-convalescent individuals and upon diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis recall-vaccination. Thus, BMPC diversity reflects the evolution of a given humoral immune response.
A scalable Li-Al-Cl stratified structure for stable all-solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Su Han , Li Jingru , Zhong Yu , Liu Yu , Gao Xuhong , Kuang Juner , Wang Minkang , Lin Chunxi , Wang Xiuli , Tu Jiangping
Published: May 2024

Sulfides are promising electrolyte materials for all-solid-state Li metal batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and machinability. However, compatibility issues at the negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface hinder their practical implementation. Despite previous studies have proposed considerable strategies to improve the negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interfacial stability, industrial-scale engineering solutions remain elusive. Here, we introduce a scalable Li-Al-Cl stratified structure, formed through the strain-activated separating behavior of thermodynamically unfavorable Li/Li9Al4 and Li/LiCl interfaces, to stabilize the negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface. In the Li-Al-Cl stratified structure, Li9Al4 and LiCl are enriched at the surface to serve as a robust solid electrolyte interphase and are diluted in bulk by Li metal to construct a skeleton. Enabled by its unique structural characteristic, the Li-Al-Cl stratified structure significantly enhances the stability of negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface. This work reports a strain-activated phase separation phenomenon and proposes a practical pathway for negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface engineering.
Fourier transform noise spectroscopy
Authors: Vezvaee Arian , Shitara Nanako , Sun Shuo , Montoya-Castillo Andrés
Published: May 2024

Spectral characterization of noise environments that lead to the decoherence of qubits is critical to developing robust quantum technologies. While dynamical decoupling offers one of the most successful approaches to characterize noise spectra, it necessitates applying large sequences of π pulses that increase the complexity and cost of the method. Here, we introduce a noise spectroscopy method that utilizes only the Fourier transform of free induction decay or spin echo measurements, thus removing the need for the application many π pulses. We show that our method faithfully recovers the correct noise spectra for a variety of different environments (including 1/f-type noise) and outperforms previous dynamical decoupling schemes while significantly reducing their experimental overhead. We also discuss the experimental feasibility of our proposal and demonstrate its robustness in the presence of statistical measurement error. Our method is applicable to a wide range of quantum platforms and provides a simpler path toward a more accurate spectral characterization of quantum devices, thus offering possibilities for tailored decoherence mitigation.
Dual-energy lattice-tip ablation system for persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized trial
Authors: Anter Elad , Mansour Moussa , Nair Devi G. , Sharma Dinesh , Taigen Tyler L. , Neuzil Petr , Kiehl Erich L. , Kautzner Josef , Osorio Jose , Mountantonakis Stavros , Natale Andrea , Hummel John D. , Amin Anish K. , Siddiqui Usman R. , Harlev Doron , Hultz Paul , Liu Shufeng , Onal Birce , Tarakji Khaldoun G. , Reddy Vivek Y. ,   SPHERE PER-AF Investigators, Reddy Vivek Y.
Published: May 2024

Clinical outcomes of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) are suboptimal due, in part, to challenges in achieving durable lesions. Although focal point-by-point ablation allows for the creation of any required lesion set, this strategy necessitates the generation of contiguous lesions without gaps. A large-tip catheter, capable of creating wide-footprint ablation lesions, may increase ablation effectiveness and efficiency. In a randomized, single-blind, non-inferiority trial, 420 patients with persistent AF underwent ablation using a large-tip catheter with dual pulsed field and radiofrequency energies versus ablation using a conventional radiofrequency ablation system. The primary composite effectiveness endpoint was evaluated through 1 year and included freedom from acute procedural failure and repeat ablation at any time, plus arrhythmia recurrence, drug initiation or escalation or cardioversion after a 3-month blanking period. The primary safety endpoint was freedom from a composite of serious procedure-related or device-related adverse events. The primary effectiveness endpoint was observed for 73.8% and 65.8% of patients in the investigational and control arms, respectively (P < 0.0001 for non-inferiority). Major procedural or device-related complications occurred in three patients in the investigational arm and in two patients in the control arm (P < 0.0001 for non-inferiority). In a secondary analysis, procedural times were shorter in the investigational arm as compared to the control arm (P < 0.0001). These results demonstrate non-inferior safety and effectiveness of the dual-energy catheter for the treatment of persistent AF. Future large-scale studies are needed to gather real-world evidence on the impact of the focal dual-energy lattice catheter on the broader population of patients with AF. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05120193.
Employing discrete global grid systems for reproducible data obfuscation
Authors: Caspari Gino , dos Santos Manuel João , Gago-Silva Ana , Jendryke Michael
Published: May 2024

Archaeological heritage worldwide is threatened through deliberate destruction in particular site looting making the location of archaeological sites potentially sensitive data. At the same time, public information about site locations are important for heritage management, as well as agricultural and urban development. Finding a balance between revealing detailed site locations and not providing data at all is a difficult task. Here we provide an approach to obfuscate archaeological site location data facilitated through a Discrete Global Grid System. We then apply the new obfuscation method to the global p3k14c data set. Veiling the locations of heritage sites with a Discrete Global Grid System allows tiered accuracy access for different stakeholders tailored to their respective needs as well as legal constraints and requirements of administrations. Discrete Global Grid System based obfuscation is globally scalable, consistent, reproducible, and can address the current heterogeneity of obfuscation methods.
Identification of cancer risk groups through multi-omics integration using autoencoder and tensor analysis
Authors: Braytee Ali , He Sam , Tang Shuxian , Sun Yuxuan , Jiang Xiaoying , Yu Xuanding , Khatri Inder , Chaturvedi Kunal , Prasad Mukesh , Anaissi Ali
Published: May 2024

Identifying cancer risk groups by multi-omics has attracted researchers in their quest to find biomarkers from diverse risk-related omics. Stratifying the patients into cancer risk groups using genomics is essential for clinicians for pre-prevention treatment to improve the survival time for patients and identify the appropriate therapy strategies. This study proposes a multi-omics framework that can extract the features from various omics simultaneously. The framework employs autoencoders to learn the non-linear representation of the data and applies tensor analysis for feature learning. Further, the clustering method is used to stratify the patients into multiple cancer risk groups. Several omics were included in the experiments, namely methylation, somatic copy-number variation (SCNV), micro RNA (miRNA) and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from two cancer types, including Glioma and Breast Invasive Carcinoma from the TCGA dataset. The results of this study are promising, as evidenced by the survival analysis and classification models, which outperformed the state-of-the-art. The patients can be significantly (p-value<0.05) divided into risk groups using extracted latent variables from the fused multi-omics data. The pipeline is open source to help researchers and clinicians identify the patients’ risk groups using genomics.
Antifungal activity of bio-active cell-free culture extracts and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) synthesised by endophytic fungal isolates of Garden Nasturtium
Authors: Santra Hiran Kanti , Dutta Riya , Banerjee Debdulal
Published: May 2024

Antimicrobial resistance in fungal pathogens (both human and plant) is increasing alarmingly, leading to massive economic crises. The existing anti-fungal agents are becoming ineffective, and the situation worsens on a logarithmic scale. Novel antifungals from unique natural sources are highly sought to cope sustainably with the situation. Metabolites from endophytic microbes are the best-fitted alternatives in this case. Endophytes are the untapped sources of ‘plants’ internal microbial population’ and are promising sources of effective bio-therapeutic agents. Fungal endophytes were isolated from Tropaeolum majus and checked for antifungal activity against selected plant and human pathogens. Bioactive metabolites were identified through chromatographic techniques. The mode of action of those metabolites was evaluated through various spectroscopic techniques. The production of antifungal metabolite was optimized also. In particular VOCs (volatile organic compounds) of TML9 were tested in vitro for their anti-phytopathogenic activity. Ethyl acetate (EA) extract of cell-free culture components of Colletotrichum aenigma TML3 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against four species of Candida and the major constituents reported were 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, 2-Nonanone, 1 propanol 2-amino. The volatile metabolites, trans-ocimene, geraniol, and 4-terpinyl acetate, produced from Curvularia lunata TML9, inhibited the growth of some selected phyto pathogens. EA extract hampered the biofilm formation, minimised the haemolytic effect, and blocked the transformation of Candida albicans (MTCC 4748) from yeast to hyphal form with a Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of 200–600 µg mL−1. Central carbohydrate metabolism, ergosterol synthesis, and membrane permeability were adversely affected and caused the lethal leakage of necessary macromolecules of C. albicans. Volatile metabolites inhibited the growth of phytopathogens i.e., Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora beticola, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Ceratocystis ulmi, Pythium ultimum up to 89% with an IC50 value of 21.3–69.6 µL 50 mL−1 and caused leakage of soluble proteins and other intracellular molecules. Citrusy sweet odor volatiles of TML9 cultured in wheat-husk minimised the infections of Penicillium digitatum (green mold), in VOC-exposed sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis). Volatile and non-volatile antifungal metabolites of these two T. majus endophytes hold agricultural and pharmaceutical interests. Metabolites of TML3 have strong anti-Candida activity and require further assessment for therapeutic applications. Also, volatile metabolites of TML9 can be further studied as a source of antifungals. The present investigational outcomes bio-prospects the efficacy of fungal endophytes of Garden Nasturtium.
Examining the unsustainable relationship between SDG performance, ecological footprint and international spillovers
Authors: Moinuddin Mustafa , Olsen Simon Høiberg
Published: May 2024

For almost a decade, countries have been working to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet progress on the SDGs across countries, as well as across the 17 goals, has proven frustratingly slow. Even countries that have performed relatively well on the SDGs may have done so by causing negative externalities, such as environmental degradation, in other parts of the world. To determine if this is the case empirically, we developed and tested hypotheses concerning how a country’s SDG performance is associated with such externalities. We then ran a regression to examine correlations between indices measuring SDG progress, ecological footprints and international spillovers. We found that SDG progress is positively correlated with increased ecological footprints and spillovers. The results indicate that SDG progress remains closely associated with conventional measures of economic growth, and that negative environmental and social impacts of internationally-sourced consumption represent behavioural and structural barriers to meaningful progress on sustainability.
Comparison of 8-vs-12 weeks, adapted dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder in routine psychiatric inpatient treatment—A naturalistic study
Authors: Kujovic Milenko , Benz Daniel , Riesbeck Mathias , Mollamehmetoglu Devin , Becker-Sadzio Julia , Margittai Zsofia , Bahr Christian , Meisenzahl Eva
Published: May 2024

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is widely acknowledged as an effective treatment for individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the optimal treatment duration within DBT remains a topic of investigation. This retrospective, naturalistic non-randomized study aimed to compare the efficacy of 8 week and 12 week DBT interventions with equivalent content, focusing on the change of BPD-specific symptomatology as the primary outcome and depressive symptoms as the secondary outcome. Overall, 175 patients who participated in DBT and received either 8 week or 12 week intervention were included in the analysis. Routine inpatient treatment was adapted from standard DBT with the modules: skill training, interpersonal skills, dealing with feelings, and mindfulness. Measurements were taken at baseline, mid-point, and endpoint. The borderline symptom list-23 (BSL-23) was used for the assessment of borderline-specific symptoms, while the Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) was used for the assessment of depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis was conducted using linear mixed models. Effect sizes were calculated for both measures. The results of the analysis indicated an improvement in both groups over time. Effect sizes were d = 1.29 for BSL-23 and d = 1.79 for BDI-II in the 8 week group, and d = 1.16 for BSL-23 and d = 1.58 for BDI-II in the 12 week group. However, there were no differences in the change of BPD-specific symptoms or the severity of depressive symptoms between the 8 week and 12 week treatment duration groups. Based on these findings, shorter treatment durations, like 8 weeks, could be a viable alternative, offering comparable therapeutic benefits, potential cost reduction, and improved accessibility. However, further research is needed to explore factors influencing treatment outcomes and evaluate the long-term effects of different treatment durations in DBT for BPD.

Trial registration: drks.de (DRKS00030939) registered 19/12/2022.
Unveiling the electronic origin of lanthanide based Metal Organic Framework with ideal spin filtering capacity
Authors: Gastearena Xuban , Ugalde Jesus M. , Pieslinger German E. , San Sebastian Eider , Jimenez-Izal Elisa
Published: May 2024

Recently, a three dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) based on Dy(III) and the L-tartrate ligand was experimentally shown to exhibit a spin polarization (SP) power of 100% at room temperature. The material’s spin filtering ability was ascribed to the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. In this work, we computationally characterize the electronic structure of this MOF, revealing that the high SP of the material is linked to the asymmetric arrangement, around the Fermi level, of the alpha- and beta-spin electron states arising from the 4f-states of the lanthanide Dy atom, which results in two different conduction channels (band gaps) for each spin state. Based on the understanding gathered in this work, we propose that the substitution of the hydroxyl groups of the ligand by mercaptan groups should boost the electrical conductivity, while retaining the spin filtering power of the material.
Atmospheric destabilization leads to Arctic Ocean winter surface wind intensification
Authors: Zapponini Martina , Goessling Helge F.
Published: May 2024

The surface-amplified winter warming over the Arctic Ocean is accompanied by a pronounced intensification of near-surface winds, simulated by climate models and emerging in reanalysis data. Here, the influences of sea-ice decline, wind changes aloft, and atmospheric stability are revisited based on CMIP6 historical and high-emission scenario and ERA5 reanalysis data. Spatial trend patterns suggest that near-surface wind intensification over the inner Arctic Ocean in winter is largely driven by an increasing downward momentum transfer due to a weakening atmospheric stratification. In contrast, a near-surface wind intensification in summer appears to be largely driven by accelerating winds aloft, amplified in a high-emission future by decreasing surface roughness due to sea-ice decline. In both seasons, differences in near-surface wind-speed trends are closely linked to atmospheric stability trends. Models suggest that by 2100 the lower troposphere may become as unstable in winter as in summer, implying a fundamental regime shift of the Arctic winter boundary layer.
DDX5 inhibits hyaline cartilage fibrosis and degradation in osteoarthritis via alternative splicing and G-quadruplex unwinding
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Han Mingrui , Wu Zhigui , Fu Wenqiang , Ji Jun , Liang Qingqing , Tan Minjia , Zhai Linhui , Gao Jian , Shi Dongquan , Jiang Qing , Sun Ziying , Lai Yuping , Xu Qiang , Sun Yang
Published: May 2024

Hyaline cartilage fibrosis is typically considered an end-stage pathology of osteoarthritis (OA), which results in changes to the extracellular matrix. However, the mechanism behind this is largely unclear. Here, we found that the RNA helicase DDX5 was dramatically downregulated during the progression of OA. DDX5 deficiency increased fibrosis phenotype by upregulating COL1 expression and downregulating COL2 expression. In addition, loss of DDX5 aggravated cartilage degradation by inducing the production of cartilage-degrading enzymes. Chondrocyte-specific deletion of Ddx5 led to more severe cartilage lesions in the mouse OA model. Mechanistically, weakened DDX5 resulted in abundance of the Fn1-AS-WT and Plod2-AS-WT transcripts, which promoted expression of fibrosis-related genes (Col1, Acta2) and extracellular matrix degradation genes (Mmp13, Nos2 and so on), respectively. Additionally, loss of DDX5 prevented the unfolding Col2 promoter G-quadruplex, thereby reducing COL2 production. Together, our data suggest that strategies aimed at the upregulation of DDX5 hold significant potential for the treatment of cartilage fibrosis and degradation in OA.
Biogenic Synthesis of Inorganic Materials
Authors: Slocik Joseph M. , Knecht Marc R. , Naik Rajesh R.
Published: May 2024

Biology offers inspiration, solutions, and opportunities for the synthesis of inorganic materials. Overall, this includes accessibility to a vast array of diverse biomolecular templates (e.g., amino acids, peptides, and proteins), higher order biological structures with unparalleled functionality, highly specialised and complex processes (i.e., sensing and self-assembly), and an unlimited source of plants, enzymes, and microorganisms that exhibit unique biological activity. In this chapter, we describe the extensive effort aimed at mimicking the level of molecular and genetic control of biological systems for the synthesis and assembly of inorganic materials, with the goal of creating advanced materials with new properties and structures and/or replacing harsh industrial processes (e.g., production of Portland cement).
Six-dimensional quantum dynamics of an Eley–Rideal reaction between gaseous and adsorbed hydrogen atoms on Cu(111)
Authors: Xiong Longlong , Zhang Liang , Zhao Bin , Jiang Bin
Published: May 2024

We report the first six-dimensional (6D) fully coupled quantum scattering method for studying the Eley–Rideal reaction between gas phase H(D) atoms and adsorbed D(H) atoms on a rigid Cu(111) surface.
Molecular beam scattering of ammonia from a dodecane flat liquid jet
Authors: Saric Steven , Yang Walt , Neumark Daniel M.
Published: May 2024

ND3 scattering from a dodecane flat liquid jet is investigated and compared to existing studies of ammonia scattering from squalane.
Computational design of an efficient and thermostable esterase for polylactic acid depolymerization
Authors: Xie Bin , Zhang Jun , Sun Huashan , Bai Rongrong , Lu Diannan , Zhu Yushan , Dong Weiliang , Zhou Jie , Jiang Min
Published: May 2024

A high-performance variant of PLA depolymerase, RPA1511, designated R5, was engineered using combinatorial computational design tools to facilitate closed-loop recycling of PLA waste.
Hydrogen bond types which do not fit accepted definitions
Authors: Grabowski Sławomir J.
Published: May 2024

There are various interactions that either partially fit or do not fit the currently accepted definitions of the hydrogen bond.
Mechanical strengthening of a perovskite–substrate heterointerface for highly stable solar cells
Authors: Leng Xuesong , Zheng Yichu , He Jingjing , Shen Benben , Wang Haonan , Li Qing , Liu Xinyi , Lin Miaoyu , Shi Yifeng , Wei Zhanpeng , Peng Yu , Yang Hua Gui , Niu Qiang , Yang Shuang , Hou Yu
Published: May 2024

We show the mechanical strengthening of the buried interface in perovskite solar cells by using a cohesive macromolecular binder. Solar cells with a strengthened interface delivered a T97.5 lifespan of over 1600 h under 1-sun illumination at 55 °C.
Mustard seed major allergen Sin a1 activates intestinal epithelial cells and also dendritic cells that drive type 2 immune responses
Authors: Bueno-Díaz Cristina , Zuurveld Marit , Ayechu-Muruzabal Verónica , Korsten Sandra G. P. J. , Martín-Pedraza Laura , Parrón-Ballesteros Jorge , Redegeld Frank , Garssen Johan , Villalba Mayte , Willemsen Linette E. M.
Published: May 2024

Mustard seed allergen Sin a1 may activate mucosal barrier human intestinal epithelial cells (A) and/or dendritic cells (B), to initiate allergic sensitization by allowing consecutive type 2 activation of DC/T-cells, T/B-cells, and/or mast cells.
Green polyphenol-based photothermal interfacial evaporation systems toward solar water production
Authors: Liu Xiaojiang , You Huayan , Xie Mengying , Zeng Qinglin , Li Zhaoyuan , Feng Mingrui , Sun Qishuo , Lu Xuan , He Fang , Wang Zhenxing
Published: May 2024

Distinct functions, multiple application forms and representative applications of green polyphenols in photothermal interfacial evaporation systems are comprehensively and systematically summarized.
Catalytic synthesis of carboxylic acids from oxygenated substrates using CO2 and H2 as C1 building blocks
Authors: Solmi Matilde V. , Vossen Jeroen T. , Schmitz Marc , Vorholt Andreas J. , Leitner Walter
Published: May 2024

A reaction system has been developed combining a reverse water–gas-shift-reaction and hydroxycarbonylation to produce carboxylic acids from renewable primary and secondary alcohols, ketones and aldehydes with CO2.
Correction: Ethanol-assisted mechanochemical asymmetric cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction with recoverable chiral amine/NaCl for accessing chiral α-alkyl α-glycine derivatives
Authors: Yu Jingbo , Chen Hong , Zhang Ziwen , Fang Yuxin , Ying Tao , Su Weike
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Ethanol-assisted mechanochemical asymmetric cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction with recoverable chiral amine/NaCl for accessing chiral α-alkyl α-glycine derivatives’ by Jingbo Yu et al., Green Chem., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4gc00947a.
Introduction to Biomaterials in Innate Immunity
Authors: Moore Erika , Raghavan Shreya A.
Published: May 2024

Erika Moore and Shreya A Raghavan introduce the Journal of Materials Chemistry B and Materials Advances joint themed issue on Biomaterials in Innate Immunity.
Two-dimensional metal organic frameworks in cancer treatment
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Shan
Published: May 2024

Illustration of the anti-cancer application of 2D MOFs.
Quantized ferroelectricity in multivalent ion conductors with non-polar point groups
Authors: Wang Xuechen , Wu Menghao
Published: May 2024

We predict unconventional quantized ferroelectricity in multivalent ion conductors with non-polar point groups, where long ion displacements can lead to transformation between multiple equivalent symmetrical stable states.
A mass-producible polyoxovanadate cathode for ultrafast-kinetics zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Ming , He Cuihong , Liu Qin , Deng Wenzhuo , Sun Chuan-Fu
Published: May 2024

The mass-producible KZnV5O14·2.5H2O cathode featuring rich open Zn2+-ion migration channels has demonstrated excellent rate capability and superb cycling stability, thus paving the way for advancing the development of cathode materials for ZIBs.
Solvent-dependent valence tautomerism and polarization switching in a heterodinuclear [CrCo] complex
Authors: Zheng Wenwei , Zhang Xiaopeng , Shui Qirui , Fukuyama Tatsuki , Xu Wen-huang , Huang Yu-bo , Ji Tianchi , Zhou Ziqi , Uematsu Mikoto , Su Sheng-Qun , Kanegawa Shinji , Wu Shu-Qi , Sato Osamu
Published: May 2024

A stepwise synthetic approach improves the purity of heterometallic dinuclear complexes with enantiopure ligands, facilitating chemical control of polarization-switching behavior in [CrCo] crystals with VT transition.
Enhancing persistent radioluminescence in perovskite scintillators through trap defect modulation
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Guo Huixi , Li Yahuang , Lin Caihou , Xie Lili
Published: May 2024

High-efficiency persistent radioluminescence at room temperature was achieved by modulating the depth and density distribution of trap defects through codoping with Mn2+ and Sb3+ in CsCdCl3 scintillators.
Efficient CO2 fixation under atmospheric pressure using a metal- and halide-free heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Mandal Saikat , Paliwal Khushboo S. , Mitra Antarip , Mahalingam Venkataramanan
Published: May 2024

Pyrimidine based polymers are reported for CO2 adsorption studies. 1,3,5-triaminopyrimidine-based polymer using cheap linker terephthaldehyde is design and employed for the metal- and halide-free carbon dioxide cycloaddition reaction with epoxides.
Sheet-like ZnCo2O4 microspheres and pomelo peel waste-derived activated carbon for high performance solid state asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Reddygunta Kiran Kumar Reddy , Šiller Lidija , Ivaturi Aruna
Published: May 2024

This study reports a novel asymmetric supercapacitor based on zinc cobalt oxide (ZnCo2O4) as positive electrode and pomelo peel-based activated carbon (PPAC-4) as negative electrode with hydroxyethyl cellulose/potassium hydroxide gel electrolyte.
Effects of Speech Characteristics on Electroglottographic and Instrumental Acoustic Voice Analysis Metrics in Women With Structural Dysphonia Before and After Treatment
Authors: Iob Naomi Anna , He Lei , Ternström Sten , Cai Huanchen , Brockmann-Bauser Meike
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Literature suggests a dependency of the acoustic metrics, smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), on human voice loudness and fundamental frequency (
F
0). Even though this has been explained with different oscillatory patterns of the vocal folds, so far, it has not been specifically investigated. In the present work, the influence of three elicitation levels, calibrated sound pressure level (SPL),
F
0 and vowel on the electroglottographic (EGG) and time-differentiated EGG (dEGG) metrics hybrid open quotient (OQ), dEGG OQ and peak dEGG, as well as on the acoustic metrics CPPS and HNR, was examined, and their suitability for voice assessment was evaluated.

Method:

In a retrospective study, 29 women with a mean age of 25 years (± 8.9, range: 18–53) diagnosed with structural vocal fold pathologies were examined before and after voice therapy or phonosurgery. Both acoustic and EGG signals were recorded simultaneously during the phonation of the sustained vowels /ɑ/, /i/, and /u/ at three elicited levels of loudness (soft/comfortable/loud) and unconstrained
F
0 conditions.

Results:

A linear mixed-model analysis showed a significant effect of elicitation effort levels on peak dEGG, HNR, and CPPS (all
p
< .01). Calibrated SPL significantly influenced HNR and CPPS (both
p
< .01). Furthermore,
F
0 had a significant effect on peak dEGG and CPPS (
p
< .0001). All metrics showed significant changes with regard to vowel (all
p
< .05). However, the treatment had no effect on the examined metrics, regardless of the treatment type (surgery vs. voice therapy).

Conclusions:

The value of the investigated metrics for voice assessment purposes when sampled without sufficient control of SPL and
F
0 is limited, in that they are significantly influenced by the phonatory context, be it speech or elicited sustained vowels. Future studies should explore the diagnostic value of new data collation approaches such as voice mapping, which take SPL and
F
0 effects into account.
Obtaining aromatic carbohydrates by catalytic aromatization of hexane with a linear structure
Authors: Fayzullaev Normurot , Rаhmatov Khudoyor , Makhkamov Bakhrom , Mukhamedbayeva Zamira , Eshmuratova Ro’za , Asamov Javlon , Azizova Kholida , Rifky Mohamed
Published: May 2024

In this article, the kinetics of the synthesis of benzene-free aromatic hydrocarbons by aromatizing hexane with the modified 2%La/N-YuKTs-40 and 2%La*2%Cu*8%Zn/N-YuKTs-40 catalysts in the presence of catalysts was studied. 2%La*2%Cu*8%Zn/N-YuKTs-30 for a catalyst with higher catalytic activity was selected for aromatization of hexane with a linear structure to obtain aromatic hydrocarbons Ekaj 2%La*2%Cu*8%Zn/N-YuKTs-20 was found to be smaller than the catalyst with higher activity selected for the aromatization of hexane with a linear structure to produce aromatic hydrocarbons. 2%La*2%Cu*8%Zn/N-YuKTs-30 and 2%La*2%Cu*8%Zn/N-YuKTs-20 with higher catalytic activity were selected for aromatization of hexane with a linear structure to obtain aromatic hydrocarbons the process of improvement of low-octane 85-1800С gasoline fractions on catalysts was studied at atmospheric pressure, in the temperature range of 400-5000С, without hydrogen-containing gas circulation. It was found that the 2%La*2%Cu*8%Zn/N-YuKTs-30 catalyst with high catalytic activity, selected for the catalytic aromatization of hexane with a linear structure, produces a high-octane catalyst with aromatic hydrocarbons as its main.
Investigation of the influence of water-gas exposure modes on the efficiency of oil displacement
Authors: Gutorov Alexander , Almukhametova Elvira , Khusnutdinova Regina , Badikov Denis , Korobova Alena
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the work is to analyze the efficiency of oil displacement by various agents, such as water and gas, in different modes. The methods and technologies used to increase oil recovery are considered, as well as the influence of various parameters on the efficiency of the process.The authors describe in more detail the method of water-gas exposure (VGV) using pumping-ejector systems (PES) to provide a triple effect on oil reservoirs by simultaneous or alternate injection of water and gas. Theoretical and experimental methods were used to conduct the study. The study and analysis of scientific sources on the issue of evaluating the effectiveness of oil displacement became the first stage of the study. Then laboratory tests were carried out to assess the effectiveness of oil displacement by various agents. Based on the results of the work done, it was concluded that the degree of influence of wetting processes on the final result of displacement is an extremely important factor. The uniqueness of this article lies in the study of the possibilities of using multithreaded ejectors to increase the efficiency of extraction of hydrocarbones.
The Role of Hypertension for Maternal Outcomes of Women with HELLP Syndrome – a Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Obstetric Center
Authors: Müller Linda-Marie , Eveslage Maria , Köster Helen Ann , Willy Kevin , Möllers Mareike , Schmitz Ralf , Oelmeier Kathrin , Willy Daniela
Published: May 2024

HELLP syndrome is a serious disorder that can occur in pregnancy; it has many possible complications and is associated with adverse maternal outcome. Due to the lack of predictive parameters for HELLP syndrome, finding the right time for delivery is challenging. In contrast to preeclampsia, hypertension is not an essential part of the diagnosis; nevertheless, many women with HELLP syndrome are hypertensive. The role and possible implications of hypertension in HELLP syndrome are not fully understood.

In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the maternal outcomes of 59 patients diagnosed with HELLP syndrome. The patients were divided into three groups according to their blood pressure levels during their stay in hospital. These three groups were compared in terms of patient characteristics and maternal outcomes. A combined endpoint for adverse maternal outcome was defined which included blood pressure and antihypertensive medication at discharge from hospital, severe postpartum anemia, and eclampsia.

Women with hypertensive crises had an unfavorable outcome compared to women with lower blood pressure levels. Patients with higher blood pressure during pregnancy were more likely to be hypertensive at discharge and needed a combination of antihypertensive agents significantly more often. The risk of an adverse maternal outcome increased with the severity of hypertension. An increase in systolic blood pressure by 10 mmHg raised the risk of an adverse outcome by 74% (95% CI: 1.22–2.66).

Hypertension not only plays an important role in preeclampsia but also affects the outcomes of patients with HELLP syndrome. These patients need to be identified quickly and treated accordingly as they are at risk of cardiovascular impairment. Patients should be followed up closely after delivery to reduce cardiovascular morbidity.
Präklinische Blutgasanalyse im Einsatz – eine Fallserie
Authors: Engelen Christian , Fessele Klaus , Hübner Tobias , Knappen Niclas , Hennig Luca , Grautoff Steffen
Published: May 2024

Die Blutgasanalyse gehört zu den diagnostischen Standardverfahren in der Klinik. Wie die Sonografie kann die Methode durch mobile Geräte zunehmend auch außerklinisch eingesetzt werden. Die langjährige Erfahrung bei der Versorgung schwer erkrankter und verletzter Patient*innen lässt den Einsatz in der präklinischen Notfallversorgung sinnvoll erscheinen. Die hier vorgestellten Fälle zeigen, wie durch den präklinischen Einsatz der Blutgasanalyse bei ausgewählten Symptomkomplexen und Krankheitsbildern wichtige Erkenntnisse über den Zustand der Patient*innen gewonnen und therapeutische und organisatorische Konsequenzen für die weitere Versorgung gezogen werden konnten.
Organocatalytic Fischer Indolization Using the 2,2′-Biphenol/ B(OH)3 System
Authors: Sugimoto Kenji , Matsuya Yuji , Wada Yusei , Kitamura Fumino
Published: May 2024

An organocatalyzed Fischer indolization is established by combining 2,2′-biphenol (10 mol%) and B(OH)3 (30 mol%) as weak, readily available, and easy-to-handle acids. The inclusion of MgSO4, which efficiently scavenges NH3 (a possible acid catalyst poison), appears to be key to the success of this process. The corresponding indoles are obtained in yields of up to 91% using this method.y
Influence of Osteoporosis on the Course of Apical Periodontitis
Authors: Stanev Evgeni , Vasileva Radosveta Ivanova
Published: May 2024

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by disruption of the bone microarchitecture. It is observed in both sexes, but to a greater extent in women. It affects the whole body, including the jaws. The main indicator of the presence of osteoporosis accepted by the World Health Organization is bone mineral density. The aim of this article is to find data on the influence of osteoporosis on apical periodontitis, to investigate how the intake of osteoporosis drugs affects apical periodontitis, and to establish various data that may be of benefit to the dental practitioner when treating patients with osteoporosis and apical periodontitis. Open-access publications are included. The presence of osteoporosis is important to the dentist. Apical periodontitis in these patients has a faster progression. They are characterized by inflammation and destruction of the tissues located around the tooth root. Osteoporosis has a destructive effect on bone tissue through different mechanisms: nuclear factor-κβ ligand and NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β cascade. It is also associated with low estrogen levels. Various medications such as corticosteroids, bisphosphonates (alendronate, zoledronate (Zoledronic acid), calcitonin, raloxifene, and strontium used to treat osteoporosis can affect the course of apical periodontitis. When treating patients with periapical lesions, the dentist must take a proper medical history and general medical history. In cases of osteoporosis or taking bisphosphonates and other medications, consideration should be given to whether consultation with a specialist is necessary, what treatment approach would be most appropriate, and what the prognosis will be. Chronic diseases affect both the general state of the body and dental health. It has been found that in patients with osteoporosis, inflammation of the apical periodontium develops with faster bone resorption. Before starting dental treatment, it is important to specify the etiology of osteoporosis, the bone density of each patient, as well as the medications they are taking.
Updates in Management of Large Hemispheric Infarct
Authors: Ong Charlene J. , Chatzidakis Stefanos , Ong Jimmy J. , Feske Steven
Published: May 2024

This review delves into updates in management of large hemispheric infarction (LHI), a condition affecting up to 10% of patients with supratentorial strokes. While traditional management paradigms have endured, recent strides in research have revolutionized the approach to acute therapies, monitoring, and treatment. Notably, advancements in triage methodologies and the application of both pharmacological and mechanical abortive procedures have reshaped the acute care trajectory for patients with LHI. Moreover, ongoing endeavors have sought to refine strategies for the optimal surveillance and mitigation of complications, notably space-occupying mass effect, which can ensue in the aftermath of LHI. By amalgamating contemporary guidelines with cutting-edge clinical trial findings, this review offers a comprehensive exploration of the current landscape of acute and ongoing patient care for LHI, illuminating the evolving strategies that underpin effective management in this critical clinical domain.
Unusual heat transfer dependence on boundary scattering in very long narrow conductors
Authors: Amrit J. , Nemchenko Ye. , Nemchenko K. , Kudryavtsev I. , Rogova S. , Spotar M. , Vikhtinskaya T.
Published: May 2024

When modeling heat transfer in nanoribbons, an unusually sharp dependence of the heat flux, and, consequently, the thermal conductivity coefficient, on the degree of specularity of phonon reflection from the lateral boundaries was found. From numerical calculations, it followed that the addition of minimally diffuse scattering should lead to an abrupt increase in the thermal resistance of the conductor. Given the importance of selecting optimal thermal parameters in nanotechnology, this short paper provides an analysis of the found dependencies, discusses the physical reasons for this anomalous behavior, and draws conclusions about the importance of achieving the quality of the nanoconductor interface to create thermal contacts with a given or optimal thermal conductivity.
Surface deformation of moving droplets of slurry fuels
Authors: Kuznetsov Geniy , Strizhak Pavel , Volkov Roman , Vysokomornaya Olga
Published: May 2024

Experimental research findings are reported on the characteristics of surface transformation of droplets of promising fuel slurries in the air, as they move at subsonic velocities typical of combustion chambers of power plants. The main components of the fuels were water, coal processing waste, and coal. Typical shapes of droplets and the duration of their deformation cycles were identified. Droplets containing more than 70% of the solid phase remained practically undeformed. The lowest relative velocities of droplets leading to their fragmentation were determined. The key characteristics of secondary droplets (their number, sizes, velocities, and surface area of liquid) were calculated on the basis of the experimental findings. These characteristics were compared with those of initial droplets. Disruption conditions in the chosen range of the gas jet pressure (P ≤ 6 bars) can only be provided for fuel slurry droplets containing less than 60% of a coal component. The effect of a group of factors on deformation characteristics was identified. These include air jet and droplet velocities, droplet sizes, temperature, concentration, and type of components and additives. Approximation equations were derived for the mathematical description of the experimental data. Using certain criteria, the conditions necessary and sufficient for the disruption of water–fuel slurries on impact with an air jet were estimated.
An analytical model for saturated nonuniform laminar flow through rough fractures
Authors: Li Zhuangfei , Hou Gangling , Ju Long , He Min , Sun Shuyu
Published: May 2024

Estimating the flow rate accurately through a single rough fracture poses a fundamental challenge. This study presents an analytical model for single-phase saturated nonuniform laminar flow through rough fractures. The flow analytical model of the fractures is constructed using homotopy thinning methods, average inertia approaches, and shortest path techniques, thereby simplifying the nonuniform flow problem to solving the integral of the incircle aperture function, from which the modified average Darcy velocity considering inertial effects is expressed. The flow equations in the global coordinates are then derived. The validity of the proposed model is verified by comparing it with flow simulations with the Navier–Stokes equations, perturbation solutions, previously corrected Reynolds equations, and experimental flow tests. The results obtained from the proposed model agree very well with those from simulations and experiments. The effective errors Di range within ±4.0% of the simulation results with an arithmetic mean of |Di| equal to 1.03%. As surface roughness increases, the proposed model can effectively capture the inertial behaviors arising from the nonuniform flow field. Compared to the previous corrected Reynolds equations and perturbation solutions, the proposed model demonstrates enhanced accuracy and applicability, introducing a new approach to address nonuniform flow problems in rough fractures with more complex geometries.
Vortex merging in strongly coupled dusty plasmas using a visco-elastic fluid model
Authors: Dharodi Vikram , Kostadinova Evdokiya
Published: May 2024

This work is a numerical study of the two-dimensional merging phenomena between two Lamb–Oseen co-rotating vortices in a viscoelastic fluid. We use a generalized hydrodynamics fluid model to study vortex merging in a strongly coupled dusty plasma medium, which exhibits characteristics similar to a viscoelastic fluid. Several aspects influencing the merging phenomena are considered: the aspect ratio (core size/separation distance), the relative circulation strengths of each vortex, and the coupling strength of the medium. Unlike classical hydrodynamic fluids, we find that for viscoelastic fluids, shear waves facilitate the merging events even for widely separated vortices. The merging process is accelerated in media with higher coupling strengths and the resultant vortex shape decays more quickly as well. It is also found that varying either the vortex scale or the vortex circulation strength can result in a similar merging process, where a smaller (larger) vortex acts like a vortex with weaker (stronger) circulation. Finally, we show that a Poynting-like conservation theorem is satisfied for the examined merging processes.
Noise reduction in small wind turbines with optimized serrated blades
Authors: Sadeghimalekabadi Mahyar , Davari Alireza , Fadaei Mohaddeseh
Published: May 2024

This study employs a comprehensive combination of experimental and numerical methodologies to delve into the aeroacoustic attributes of a small horizontal axis wind turbine with optimized blades. The experimental investigation is conducted within a semi-anechoic chamber, where both original and optimized geometry models are meticulously positioned to measure the sound pressure levels across a range of rotational speeds and positions. In parallel, the numerical simulations employed the large eddy simulation, complemented by the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings analogy, facilitating detailed examinations of both aerodynamic and acoustic aspects in the original and optimized modes. The findings reveal a subtle enhancement in aerodynamic performance with the optimized serrated blade configuration when compared to the original. Nevertheless, the reduction in noise levels within the frequency domain was remarkable, culminating in an impressive overall sound pressure reduction of about 10 dB. Furthermore, an intriguing observation emerged from noise measurement in acoustic room: the noise production experiences a marked escalation as the turbine rotational speed intensifies, particularly within the downstream domain. The lateral noise level is found to be lower compared to the axial direction and the reduced noise emission for the serrated optimized blade is more dispersed in the plane of rotation than the original blade, which was pointed out to be nearly uniform. The results provide valuable insights into the interplay of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics in the context of small wind turbines with optimized blades.