bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Plasmid- Encoded Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Produced by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp from Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Riaz S , Bashir MF
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of plasmid-encoded extended spectrum beta-lacatamases (ESBLs) in Lahore, Pakistan using different phenotypic and molecular methods.Methods: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp were obtained over a period of nineteen months (June 2007 to December 2008). Both were tested by the double disk synergy test, combined disk test and  Epsiometer-test (E-test) to evaluate their ability to detect ESBLs. The genotypes of ESBLs were analyzed by monoplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex PCR, DNA sequencing and isoelectric focusing.Results: 662 E. coli and 153 Klebsiella spp were analyzed. Among these isolates, 39.3 % E. coli and 26.1 % Klebsiella spp were positive for extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs).71.9 % E. coli and 79.6 % Klebsiella spp showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range > 32/0.064 = 500 μl/mL for cetatzidime/cetatzidime + clavulanic acid, while 66.5 % E. coli and 69.1 % Klebsiella spp revealed MIC in the range of > 16/0.016 = 1000 μl/mL for cefotaxime/cefotaxime + clavulanic acid. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that imipemem, meropenem and tazocine were the most effective in the management of such infections. The most frequent genotype of ESBL was OXA (19.2 %) for E. coli and SHV (92.5 %) for Klebsiella spp. The highest genotypic combination found was the combination of TEM/OXA (44.2 %) for E. coli.Conclusion: The resistance of E. coli and Klebsiella spp-producing ESBLs in Pakistan is a serious issue, and TEM, OXA and SHV type ESBL were the most common genotypes. Some isolates produced two or three genotypes at a time. Multiplex PCR of ESBL may help in early detection as well as phenotypic antibiotic therapy of these infections.Keywords: Beta-lactamases, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Antibiotic susceptibility,  Plasmidencoded, Structural genes, Imipemem, Meropenem, Tazocine
Protective effect of salvianolic acid B against intestinal ischemia reperfusion-induced injury in a rat model
Authors: Chen Jiaxi , Zhou Weiming , Zhou Zhibin , Yuan Tangzhan , Li Bo , Zheng Yang
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the gastro-protective efficacy of salvianolic acid B (SAB)  against intestinal ischemic-reperfusion injury (IIRI) in a rat model.Methods: Forty-eight healthy male rats were randomly choosen and divided into 4 groups of 12 rats each. Control group rats underwent laparotomy without occlusion; IIRI group rats underwent laparotomy with occlusion for 60 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion; SAB + IIRI group received 7 days of pretreatment with 40 mg/kg of SAB + IIRI; while the fourth group received only SAB. The antioxidant, inflammatory markers, intestinal permeability marker, as well as intestinal histopathological changes were assessed.Results: The activities of antioxidants including reduced glutathione (GSH),  catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly ameliorated (p < 0.01) in SAB-supplemented group (SAB + IIRI). The concentration of inflammatory markers, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor p65 (NF-p65) as well as small intestinal permeability marker (FITC-Dextran), were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) following administration of SAB for 7 days. In addition, pretreatment with SAB reverted intestinal (ileum) histopathological changes to almost normal architecture with significant reduction in Chiu score.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that SAB may protect the intestine by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response and hence, may be potentially for treating IIRI.Keywords: Salvianolic acid B, Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion, Antioxidants,  Inflammation, Intestinal permeability
Dexmedetomidine mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in septic rats via inhibition of NF-κB associated anti-inflammatory pathway
Authors: Zang Hongcheng , Shao Gang
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI), and the underlying mechanism.

Methods: Acute lung injury (ALI) was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 27) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Three rat groups were used (9 rats/group): untreated control, LPS and treatment groups. Pathological lesions in rat pulmonary tissues were assessed and inflammatory scores determined. The levels TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF were determined using their respective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, while protein levels of p-IκB and NF-κB p65 were assessed by Western blotting.

Results: Lung tissue damage was markedly mitigated in treatment mice, relative to LPS mice (p < 0.05). Inflammatory scores and population of neutrophils and macrophages increased significantly in LPS mice, relative to control, but decreased by dexmedetomidine exposure (p < 0.05). Similarly, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in pulmonary tissue homogenates of LPS rats were increased, relative to control rats, but were downregulated by dexmedetomidine exposure (p < 0.05). Moreover, dexmedetomidine downregulated the expressions of p-IκB and NF-κB p65 in pulmonary tissues (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine mitigates LPS-induced ALI in rats by blocking the activation of NF-κB and IκB, coupled with inhibition of the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6.

Keywords: Acute lung injury, Dexmedetomidine, Inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB pathway, Sepsis
Yiqi Gubiao pill alleviates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rats via upregulation of klotho expression
Authors: Li Zheng , Wang Jing , Xu Dan , Jing Jing , Li Fengsen
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Yiqi Gubiao pill (YGP) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats, and the  mechanism of its action.Methods: Six groups of eight-week old male SPF-grade Wistar rats (n = 60) were used (10 rats/group), viz, control, COPD, low-dose YGP, medium-dose YGP, high-dose YGP, and dexamethasone groups. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was induced using a standard method. Graded doses of YGP were prepared by dissolving 100, 200 or 400 pills of Yiqi Gubiao. Lung damage and airway remodeling were determined by histological examination. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure levels of klotho in rat serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The mRNA and protein expressions of klotho in lung tissue were assayed with qRT-PCR) and Western blot assay, respectively.Results: Serum and BALF klotho levels were significantly lower in COPD rats than in control, but the levels were markedly and dose-dependently increased by YGP (p < 0.05). Treatment of COPD rats with YGP led to significant and dose-dependent upregulation of mRNA and protein expressions of klotho (p < 0.05). Moreover, histologic score (index of lung damage) increased in COPD rats, relative to control, but it was dose-dependently decreased by YGP (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that YGP alleviates COPD in rats via the upregulation of klotho expression. However, the potential use of YGP for COPD still needs further clinical research.

Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Klotho, Lungs, Protein expression, Yiqi Gubiao pill
Evidence-based investigations into the ethnoveterinary use of Mimosa pudica L. (Fabaceae) as an anthlemintic
Authors: Nzeakor Terry A. , Udobi Munachimso I. , Eke Ifeanyi G. , Ezeh Ikenna O. , Idika K. Idika , Eze Ukamaka U. , Dan-Jumbo Susan O. , Nwosu Chukwunyere O.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the toxicity, clinical outcome and anthelmintic effects of M. pudica in vitro and in vivo.Methods: Dried leaves of M. pudica were extracted using 70 % methanol cold maceration method. Acute toxicity inquiry was evaluated using Lorke’s method. Anthelmintic effects were investigated in vitro using the egg hatch assay and in vivo using Heligmosomoides bakeri experimentally infected adult albino mice. Coprological and haematological parameters were recorded during the experiment while the serological analysis and post mortem worm burden were assessed at the conclusion of the research.Results: No mortality was recorded in oral acute toxicity test up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. A probit-log analysis of the percentage egg hatch of the extract and albendazole gave lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values of 1.160 and -1.042, respectively. A reduction in worm count was observed in all the extracttreated groups post mortem, with the maximum extract group having the least worm count (p < 0.05). Treatment with extract resulted in improvement in the haematological parameters. Serum chemistry revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen in all groups. However, a dose-dependent increases in the total protein and albumin was observed.Conclusion: These results show that although M. pudica has weak anthelmintic effects compared to albendazole (standard  anthelmintic), in vivo and in vitro, at the doses used in this study, nonetheless, it reduces worm burden and improves haematologic parameters, serum total protein, albumin and overall weight gain of the treated mice. Thus, increased doses may be effective in anthelmintic chemotherapy.

Keywords: Mimosa pudica, Anthelmintic, Toxicity, Heligmosomoides bakeri, Ethnoveterinary medicine, Anthelmintic
Evaluation of the efficacy of ethanol leaf extract of Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard and B.L. Burtt against skin aging
Authors: Sagbo Idowu Jonas , Otang-Mbeng Wilfred
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of Helichrysum petiolare ethanol leaf extract against skin aging.Methods: The cytotoxic potential of the plant extract towards human dermal fibroblast (MRHF) cells was determined by Hoechst 33342/Propidium iodide (PI) staining. Effect of H. petiolare extract on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in MRHF cells and NO (nitric oxide) production in RAW 246.7 cells activated by LPS (lipopolysaccharides) was investigated. The inhibitory effect of the extract againstcollagenase, elastase, tyrosinase and protein glycation was also evaluated.Results: The extract did not display cytotoxicity towards MRHF cells at the tested concentrations when compared to the trend seen with the untreated control (p < 0.05). The extract caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in ROS levels in MRHF cells in a concentration-dependent manner and also demonstrated a reduction in NO production in RAW cells with no toxicity. Furthermore, the extract produced a weak inhibition of collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase activities when compared to the corresponding positive controls, but effectively inhibited protein glycation at the tested concentrations.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the ethanol leaf extract from H. petiolare has the potential to mitigate skin aging and therefore needs to be further investigated for possible clinical applications.

Keywords: Cytotoxicity, Efficacy, Helichrysum petiolare, MRHF cells, Oxidative stress, Protein glycation; skin aging
Gastro-protective actions of Aloe barbadensis Miller mitigate ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats
Authors: Zhu Kai , Yang Xia , Yang Chun , Ye Xiaoxue , Zhang Hongxing
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the gastroprotective effect of leaf extract of Aloe barbadensis on ethanolinduced gastric ulcer in rats.Methods: Healthy male Wistar rats (n = 30) weighing 180 - 220 g (mean weight = 200 ± 20 g) were randomly assigned to 6 groups (5 rats/group): control group, gastric ulcer group, two Aloe barbadensis extract groups (250 and 500 mg/kg), cimetidine group and indomethacin group. Gastric ulcer was induced via oral injection of absolute ethanol at a dose of 1 mL/kg after a 24-h fast. Gross evaluation, determination of gastric juice acidity and histological examination of gastric tissue were carried out.Results: Treatment of gastric ulcer rats with Aloe barbadensis extract significantly reduced ulcerated area (UA), ulcer index (UI), and acidity of gastric juice (p < 0.05). Injection of 1 % carrageenan into rat hind paw led to a time-dependent increase in paw volume which peaked 3 h after injection. However, the Aloe barbadensis extract significantly and dose-dependently reduced the volume of inflamed paw, and inhibited edema formation (p < 0.05). It also markedly reduced or completely eliminated edema and leucocyte infiltration. Moreover, treatment of gastric ulcer rats with Aloe barbadensis leaf extract led to significant and dose-dependent reduction in gastric tissue MDA level (p < 0.05). Histological examination of the gastric wall showed that control rats had severe injury in gastric mucosa,accompanied by edema and leucocytes infiltration, relative to rats pretreated with extract which showed marked gastric protection and inhibition of edema and leucocytes infiltration. Moreover, the extract treatment protected the gastric surface against ulceration as indicated by reduced lesions in the treated rat model.Conclusion: These results show that Aloe barbadensis mitigates ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats via inhibition of lipid  peroxidation and inflammation. Thus, the extract has potentials for development into a therapeutic agent for the management of  gastric ulcer.

Keywords: Aloe barbadensis, Gastric ulcer, Gastric mucosa, Inflammation, Lipid peroxidation
Quality comparison of traditional Chuanxiong produced in Dujiangyan City and Sichuan ProvinceC and Chuanxiong from other areas, based on analysis of volatile oil, total alkaloids and total ferulic acid contents
Authors: Chen Ling , Hou Jia , Deng Wei , Jiang Guihua
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To compare the qualities of Chuanxiong from different production areas (authentic and traditional production areas in Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province) and other non-authentic production areas, as well as different germplasm sources, using a combination of methods.

Methods: A fingerprint spectrum of volatile oils was established, and the qualities of the chuanxiong samples were compared using gas chromatography (GC), while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC -MS) was used to analyze the chemical compositions of the volatile oils.

Results: There were significant differences in the chemical compositions of volatile oils of Chuanxiong from different plants. Most of the qualities of Chuanxiong were higher after transplantation to the germplasm nursery at Dujiangyan, Sichuan. There was increase in the contents of total alkaloids and total ferulic acid in some chuanxiong transplanted to the germplasm nursery.

Conclusion: This is the first study that compares the quality of Chuanxiong from different producing areas using a combination of  several methods. These methods are feasible and effective, and the results provide a reference for research on standardization and quality control of Chuanxiong.

Keywords: Chuanxiong, Volatile oil, Total alkaloids, Ferulic acid, Fingerprint, Dujiangyan City
Assessment of the impact of medPlan®, a medication reminder mobile application, in glaucoma patients in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Osahon Penaere T. , Mote Lisa A. , Ntaji Veronica I.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To assess the impact of medPlan®, a medication reminder mobile application in glaucoma patients in Benin City, Nigeria.Methods: In a randomized control trial with 2 months follow-up period, 200 patients receiving drug therapy for glaucoma were  randomized into either into a control or study group. The study group comprised participants who made use of a medication reminder mobile application, medPlan®, while the control group consisted of those patients who did not use the application. Adherence to medication was measured for all the patients in both groups. Data was collected using a carefully designed questionnaire and statistically analyzed.Results: This study recorded 100 % response rate from the participants. In the study group, 56 % were very adherent while 18 % were moderately adherent, and 26 % were non-adherent respondents as against 45 % very adherent, 13 % moderately adherent and 42 % non-adherent respondents from the control group. In addition, 78 % of those in the study group agreed that there was improvement in their medication adherence since they started using the medication reminder application. This showed a significant positive impact of the medication reminder application (p = 0.0110) on adherence to medication.Conclusion: Medication adherence was improved in glaucoma patients who used medPlan®, a smartphone medication reminder application. This study lays a foundation for further research on medication reminder mobile applications.

Keywords: Glaucoma, Smartphone, Medication adherence, Impact, Medication reminder, medPlan®
CS nerve growth factor regulates sevoflurane anesthesiainduced nerve injury in nerve cells
Authors: Wang Naitian , Liu Duohui , Ning Xinyu , Li Zhanjun , Dong Lan
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Sevoflurane is the most commonly used anesthetic agent for surgery. However, it is associated with deficiency in learning and memory abilities. The study was aimed at investigating the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced nerve injury.Methods: RT-qPCR assay was applied to measure expressions of NGF, miR-98-5p and other factors related to apoptosis. CCK-8 assay was used for detecting cell viability while luciferase reporter assay was employed to measure binding condition between miR-98-5p and NGF. Expressions of proteins in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was measured with western blot.Results: Sevoflurane reduced cell viability of RGC-5 cells, promoted apoptosis and reduced the expression of NGF. In sevoflurane-induced RGC-5 cells, over-expression of NGF promoted cell viability with reduced apoptosis. Also, there was reduction in the protein expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by sevoflurane, while up-regulation of NGF promoted the expressions of these proteins. In the presence of PI3K inhibitor, reduction cell viability was reduced but apoptosis increased. Luciferase reporter assay detected MiR-98-5p as the target gene of NGF and its overexpression restored high cell viability in the over-expressed NGF. The rate of apoptosis and expressions of proteins was also restored with up-regulation of miR-98-5p.Conclusion: Sevoflurane caused damage to nerve cells, while over-expression of NGF reduced the injury through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and suppression of miR-98-5p.

Keywords: Nerve growth factor, Sevoflurane, Nerve injury, Anesthesia, miR-98-5p
Energy Expenditure Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Delicate Balance
Authors: Farkas Gary J. , Sneij Alicia , Gater David R.
Published: March 2021

Following a spinal cord injury (SCI), neurogenic obesity results from changes in body composition, physical impairment, and endometabolic physiology and when dietary intake exceeds energy expenditure. Given the postinjury reductions in lean body mass, sympathetic nervous system dysfunction, and anabolic deficiencies, energy balance is no longer in balance, and thereby an obesogenic environment is created that instigates cardiometabolic dysfunction. Accurate determination of metabolic rate can prevent excess caloric intake while promoting positive body habitus and mitigating obesity-related comorbidities. Metabolic rate as determined by indirect calorimetry (IC) has not been adopted in routine clinical care for persons with SCI despite several studies indicating its importance. This article reviews current literature on measured and predicted metabolic rate and energy expenditure after SCI and stresses the importance of IC as standard of care for persons with SCI.
Dietetics After Spinal Cord Injury: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Farkas Gary J. , Sneij Alicia , Gater David R.
Published: March 2021

Following spinal cord injury (SCI), individuals are at high risk for obesity and several chronic cardiometabolic disorders due to a deterioration in body composition, hypometabolic rate, and endometabolic dysregulation. Countermeasures to the consequences of an SCI include adopting a healthy diet that provides adequate nutrition to maintain good body habitus and cardiometabolic health. A proper diet for individuals with SCI should distribute carbohydrates, protein, and fat to optimize a lower energy intake requirement and should stress foods with low caloric yet high nutrient density. The purpose of this article is to present available evidence on how nutritional status after SCI should advance future research to further develop SCI-specific guidelines for total energy intake, as it relates to percent carbohydrates, protein, fat, and all vitamins and minerals, that take into consideration the adaptations after SCI.
Upper Extremity Overuse Injuries and Obesity After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Vives Alvarado Jose R. , Felix Elizabeth R. , Gater David R.
Published: March 2021

Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at high risk for developing neurogenic obesity due to muscle paralysis and obligatory sarcopenia, sympathetic blunting, anabolic deficiency, and blunted satiety. Persons with SCI are also at high risk for shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand injuries, including neuromusculoskeletal pathologies and nociceptive pain, as human upper extremities are poorly designed to facilitate chronic weight-bearing activities, including manual wheelchair propulsion, transfers, self-care, and day-to-day activities. This article reviews current literature on the relationship between obesity and increased body weight with upper extremity overuse injuries, detailing pathology at the shoulders, elbows, and wrists that elicit pain and functional decline and stressing the importance of weight management to preserve function.
Simulation model of Heat Transfer through the Wall
Authors: Mižáková Jana , Hrehová Stella , Hošovský Alexander
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with describing of mathematical model of heat transfer through the wall and simulations, which were obtained by MATLAB Simulink. Model is a part of complex model of heating system. During our model design research we solve partial differential equation system and problem with inverse Laplace transform occurs, because of function of real argument from image function of complex argument is not define.
Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Death with COVID-19 in Karnali Province of Nepal
Authors: BHATT LAXMAN DATT , Khadka Rabin , Thapa Kanchan , BC Udaya Bahadur , Wagle Chetan Nidhi
Published: March 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread to many countries and increased mortality worldwide. Most deaths were either elderly or have underlying medical problems and even relatively young individuals have died from COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 related deaths in Karnali Province, Nepal.

Materials and Methods: We studied COVID-19 deaths from 19 May 2020 to 25 December 2020. Information from all districts of Karnali Province were included in this study. Demographic characteristics and geographic distribution map of the death toll in each district over time was analyzed. Quantum GIS(QGIS) 3.16.2 version was used to plot the deaths on maps and IBM SPSS Statistics 25 to perform statistical analysis

Results: As of December 25, 2020, a total of 25 deaths were reported. Mean age of death was 52 (SD 20.99) years. Most of the deaths were distributed in age group of 50 years and above. Additionally, the male to female ratio was 5:2. A total of 56% of the deaths in Karnali were with underlying diseases and was more pronounced among males. Most of the cases were centralized in Surkhet district with highest death rate in Birendranagar municipality.

Conclusion: COVID-19 poses a greater threat to the elderly people with more devastating effects, particularly in the presence of underlying diseases. The geographical distributions show that the epidemic in the Surkhet district is more serious than that in the surrounding districts. Case investigation, Contract tracing and dedicated ICU ventilator service for critical cases are essential for response of Pandemic.
Gamificación: Reflexiones teóricas desde el enfoque empresarial / Gamification: Theoretical Reflections from a Business Approach
Authors: Barros-Pozo Dayana Sofia , Medina-Chicaiza Ricardo Patricio
Published: March 2021

La gamificación, mediante el uso de mecánicas de juego, permite a las personas alcanzar un propósito distinto al del entretenimiento. Así, el presente estudio tiene por objetivo realizar una reflexión teórica desde el enfoque empresarial sobre la gamificación, su importancia y sus aportes en este contexto. Para ello, metodológicamente, al ser de tipo descriptiva utilizó cuatro etapas para el análisis interpretativo de documentos bibliográficos y se apoyó en los métodos teóricos como análisis-síntesis, histórico-lógico y deductivo-inductivo. Dentro de los resultados, se presentan cuatro apartados que involucran los aportes del estudio, sus elementos, contextos y aplicaciones, y sus herramientas. Finalmente, se concluye que la gamificación en el ámbito empresarial se convierte en una ventaja para los directivos, pues permite la motivación entre el personal en procesos de capacitación y la generación de un ambiente óptimo de trabajo; así como, la interacción directa con los clientes para fortalecer su percepción hacia la marca.
A pandemia do coronavírus como catalizador para o aumento da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher no Brasil / The coronavirus pandemic as a catalyst for the increase in domestic and family violence against women in Brazil
Authors: Fontenele Lemos Diego , Homsi Cavalcante Larissa
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste documento é analisar se houve aumento ou diminuição da violência contra as mulheres durante a pandemia de Sars-Cov-2, conhecida mundialmente como Covid-19. O objetivo é analisar os dados estatísticos disponibilizados pelo Governo Federal do Brasil para verificar a situação da violência contra a mulher no país. Assim, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental para fins descritivos e exploratórios, bem como através da análise de dados estatísticos das bases de dados do Ministério da Mulher, Família e Direitos Humanos, será analisada se a violência realmente aumentou ou diminuiu durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Entretanto, é claro que a violência contra as mulheres aumentou significativamente, embora os dados para 2020 ainda não estejam totalmente contabilizados, sugerindo que as políticas públicas de combate à violência contra as mulheres precisam ser ajustadas para que esta situação possa ser revertida o mais rápido possível. Deve-se notar também que os dados de 2020 referem-se apenas aos primeiros seis meses de 2020 e, apesar disso, conseguem superar alguns dados para todo o ano de 2019. Portanto, é essencial que haja uma ação rápida dos órgãos governamentais para que esta escalada de violência diminua exponencialmente a fim de preservar o direito e a vida de muitas mulheres brasileiras.
La democracia y el diseño institucional de la burocracia partidista en México / Democracy and the institutional design of the party bureaucracy in Mexico
Authors: Espejel Mena Jaime
Published: March 2021

En el presente artículo se revisa el papel de la burocracia partidista como fenómeno que permite explicar la ingobernabilidad en una democracia. La crisis de gobernabilidad se gesta, desde el momento en que esta no institucionaliza su función. Este análisis considerará la burocracia partidista como un caso especial de las organizaciones. La investigación sociológica ha explicitado varias concepciones que sirven como fondo esencial para el estudio que sigue. En las democracias se hace necesaria un tipo de organización, en las organizaciones se encuentra una minoría que detenta el monopolio del poder y está burocracia partidista dispone de los recursos para perpetuarse en el mismo. El presente documento sugiere que las condicionantes de legitimidad, pertinencia, flexibilidad, autonomía y coherencia son parte fundamental del diseño y rediseño de las democracias, la gobernabilidad democrática depende, más que nunca, de sugerir que los problemas de ingobernabilidad que enfrenta nuestro gobierno y la fragilidad de la democracia, tienen su origen en la llamada crisis de la burocracia partidista, desde el momento en que dichas organizaciones han dejado de dar respuesta eficiente y procesar las demandas que la sociedad le hace al Estado. Se concluye planteando que el funcionamiento de las organizaciones que median la relación entre el Estado y la sociedad es un imperativo que explica la incertidumbre o consolidación de la democracia.
De Córdoba a Turín ida y vuelta: Pasado y Presente de la intelectualidad local de Baal Delupi
Authors: Petralanda Carlos
Published: March 2021

De Córdoba a Turín ida y vuelta: Pasado y Presente de la intelectualidad local de Baal Delupi
Decolonizing Childhoods
Authors: Liebel Manfred
Published: March 2021

European colonization of other continents has had far-reaching and lasting consequences for the construction of childhoods and children's lives throughout the world. Liebel presents critical postcolonial and decolonial thought currents along with international case studies from countries in Africa, Latin America, and former British settler colonies to examine the complex and multiple ways that children throughout the Global South continue to live with the legacy of colonialism. Building on the work of Cannella and Viruru, he explores how these children are affected by unequal power relations, paternalistic policies and violence by state and non-state actors, before showing how we can work to ensure that children's rights are better promoted and protected, globally.
The Age of Low Tech
Authors: Bihouix Philippe
Published: March 2021

People often believe that we can overcome the profound environmental and climate crises we face by smart systems, green innovations and more recycling. However, the quest for complex technological solutions, which rely on increasingly exotic and scarce materials, makes this unlikely. A best-seller in France, this English language edition introduces readers to an alternative perspective on how we should be marshalling our resources to preserve the planet and secure our future. Bihouix skilfully goes against the grain to argue that 'high' technology will not solve global problems and envisages a different approach to build a more resilient and sustainable society.
STRIPED FIELD MOUSE (APODEMUS AGRARIUS PALLAS, 1771) SEASONAL DYNAMICS AND ITS ROLE AS A VECTOR OF IXODID TICKS
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Petrovic Aleksandra , Ivanovic Ivana ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursic Vojislava ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Vukovic Gorica ,   Institute of Public Health, Belgrade, Serbia, Puvaca Nikola ,   University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Marinkovic Dušan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Konstantinovic Bojan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture
Published: March 2021

Considering the confirmed role of mice as the important reservoirs and vectors of zoonotic diseases, the aim of this study was to determine the Apodemus agrarius seasonal dynamics and its role as a vector of ixodid ticks. Six ixodid tick species were identified on 993 specimens of A. agrarius. The average number of ticks per mouse was 1.181±0.066, and the highest number of collected ticks per one individual was 31. Based on the tick prevalence of infested murid species, the level of potential risk for human and animals could be predicted in certain habitats.
IMPLEMENTASI KOMUNIKASI KEPALA MADRASAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU GURU DI PONDOK PESANTREN DARUS SHOLIHIN KECAMATAN RANTAU UTARA KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU
Authors: Ahyar Syamsu Nahar, Candra Wijaya,
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: 1) pola Komunikasi Kepala Madrasah Tsanawiyah Pondok Pesantren Darus Sholihin Kecamatan Rantau Utara Kabupaten Labuhanbatu; 2) Upaya Kepala Madrasah dalam mengefektifkan komunikasi di lingkungan Madrasah Tsanawiyah Pondok Pesantren Darus Sholihin Kecamatan Rantau Utara Kabupaten Labuhanbatu; 3) Faktor pendukung dan penghambat  apasajakah yang mempengaruhi proses Komunikasi Kepala Madrasah Tsanawiyah Pondok Pesantren Darus Sholihin Kecamatan Rantau Utara Kabupaten Labuhanbatu; 4) Kaitan Komunikasi Kepala madrasah dengan peningkatan mutu guru di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Pondok Pesantren Darus Sholihin Kecamatan Rantau Utara Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan Tiga temuan yaitu: 1) Implementasi komunikasi yang dilakukan antara kepala madrasah dengan staf berjalan dengan lancar, bersuasana baik, serta komunikasi yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan komunikasi lisan dan tulisan. Dengan terjalinnya komunikasi tersebut antara kepala madrasah dengan staf untuk tercapainya tujuan yang sudah diharapkan dalam visi dan misi  Pondok Pesantren Darus Sholihin Kecamatan Rantau Utara Kabupaten Labuhanbatu; 2) Implementasi komunikasi yang dilakukan antara kepala madrasah dengan guru berjalan dengan lancar, serta menggunakan komunikasi lisan dan tulisan. Terlihat pada rapat yang dilaksanakan pada setiap minggu yaitu pada hari Kamis, kepala madrasah dengan guru mempunyai kerja sama yang baik untuk menuntaskan kendala yang ada pada guru yang belum memenuhi standart pendidikan atau yang sudah, dan menangani kendala yang lain serta menyiapkan kewajiban sebagai seorang guru; 3) Implementasi komunikasi yang dilakukan antara kepala madrasah dengan pengawas berjalan dengan baik, dan dibangun melalui komunikasi langsung untuk dapat bekerja sama dalam menangani kendala yang dialami guru atau mengenai hal lainnya serta dapat mencapai tujuan yang terdapat dalam visi dan misi  Pondok Pesantren Darus Sholihin Kecamatan Rantau Utara Kabupaten Labuhanbatu.

Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Komunikasi, Guru
STRATEGI MANAJEMEN KEPALA MADRASAH DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN SUMBER DAYA GURU DI MTS PERSIAPAN NEGERI HADUNDUNG KECAMATAN KOTA PINANG KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU SELATAN
Authors: Ali Ahmad Rapi Tanjung Candra Wijaya, Achyar Zein,
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: 1) Strategi perencanaan kepala madrasah dalam mengembangkan sumber daya guru di MTs Persiapan Negeri Hadundung Kecamatan Kota Pinang Kab. Labuhanbatu Selatan. 2) Strategi pelaksanaan kepala madrasah dalam mengembangkan sumber daya guru di MTs Persiapan Negeri Hadundung Kecamatan Kota Pinang Kab. Labuhanbatu Selatan. 3) Strategi pengawasan kepala madrasah dalam mengembangkan sumber daya guru di MTs Persiapan Negeri Hadundung Kecamatan Kota Pinang Kab. Labuhanbatu Selatan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif naturalistik. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan Tiga temuan yaitu: Hasil temuan peneltian adalah: 1) Strategi perencanaan kepala madrasah dalam mengembangkan sumberdaya guru di MTs Persiapan Negeri Hadundung Kecamatan Kota Pinang Kab. Labuhanbatu Selatan seperti untuk mengadakan program pelatihan untuk mengembangkan sumber daya guru untuk mewujudkan kualitas kerja guru yang profesional. 2) Strategi pelaksanaan kepala madsarasah dalam mengembangkan sumber daya guru bawasannya kepala sekolah melakukan rapat MGMP (Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran) kepada seluruh guru yang ada di madrasah tersebut. Kemudian kepala sekolah mengirimkan beberapa guru-guru dalam setiap tiga bulan sekali mengikuti pelatihan, pembina seperti worshop,diklat serta pembuatan RPP, silabus dan kurikulum 2013. Untuk mengembangkan dan pembinaan para guru-guru tersebut. 3) Strategi pengawasan kepala madrasah dalam mengembangkan sumber daya guru di MTs Persiapan Negeri Hadundung Kecamatan Kota Pinang Kab. Labuhanbatu Selatan bahwasannya kepala sekolah dengan melakukan mengobservasi kelas dan melihat kondisi kelas dan kemudian kepala sekolah melakukan komunikasi dengan baik dengan para guru-guru dan kepala sekolah memberi pengembangan guru berupa pelatihan untuk kesejatraan guru.

Kata Kunci: Strategi, Manajemen, dan Guru

 
KEMAMPUAN GURU BERSERTIFIKASI DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN TUGAS POKOK GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 2 RANTAU SELATAN
Authors: Khairul Achyar Zein, Syamsu Nahar,
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: 1) Perencanaan guru yang telah sertifikasi dalam menyusun strategi pembelejaran, metode pembelajaran dan materi pembelajaran SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. 2) Pelaksanaan atau mengemplementasikan program pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru yang telah sertifikasi di SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. 3) Pengawasan atas kinerja yang dilakukan oleh guru pasca sertifikasi serta siapa saja yang terlibat dalam pengawasan tersebut di dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif naturalistik. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan Tiga temuan yaitu: Hasil temuan peneltian adalah: 1) Perencanaan guru yang telah sertifikasi dalam menyusun strategi pembelajaran, metode pembelajarn dan materi pembelajaran ialah sebelum guru memulai pembelajaran di dalam kelas guru terlebih dahulu mempersiapkan instrumen-instrumen yang akan di gunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. 2) Implementasi program pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru yang telah sertifikasi berjalan dengan baik.  Terlihat jelas bahwa persiapan yang dibuat oleh guru mata pelajaran terutama pada guru yang telah sertifikasi sebelum proses pembelajaran di mulai. Pelaksanaan yang di lakukan guru didalam kelas sesuai dengan apa yang disusun sebelumnya, sehingga proses belajar mengajar tercapai dengan efektif dan efesien. 3) Pengawasan atas kinerja yang di lakukan terhadap guru pasca sertifikasi serta siapa saja yang terlibat dalam pengawasan dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran yang di lakukan terhadap sangat berpengaruh besar terhadap kinerja guru. 

 
Kata Kunci: Kemampuan, dan Guru
PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALITAS GURU DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA NEGERI 1 HALONGONAN TIMUR KABUPATEN PADANG LAWAS UTARA
Authors: Khairul Anwar Syamsu Nahar,  Edi Saputra,
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: 1) Bagaimana perencanaan kepala sekolah dalam mengembangkan profesionalitas guru di SMP Negeri 1 Halongonan Timur Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara, 2) Bagaimana pelaksanaan supervise kepala sekolah dalam mengembangkan profesionalitas guru di SMP Negeri 1 Halongonan Timur Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara, 3) Bagaimana tindakan kepala sekolah dalam memotivasi guru di SMP Negeri 1 Halongonan Timur Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perencanaan yang dilakukan kepala sekolah adalah membuat kreteria penerimaan anggota baru, membuat program kerja guru per triwulan, menghemat dana sekolah. Pengawasan yang dilakukan adalah pengawasan model formatif dan sumatif yaitu secara berkala dalam setiap minggu masuk langsung ke dalam kelas memperhatikan cara guru mengajar. Motivasi ekstrinsik atau motivasi yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah dalam memotivasi gurunya yaitu dengan cara memberikan pujian, selalu bersikap menghormati guru, mendengarkan keluhan guru dan menindaklanjuti apa yang menjadi keluhan guru serta pelatihan di bidang IT. Sedangkan motivasi interinsik yaitu pada saat ada pelatihan guru tidak dapat hadir mengikuti pelatihan tersebut tetapi karena guru tersebut ingin memperoleh ilmu, maka guru itu belajar kepada rekannya agar guru tersebut dapat terus meningkatkan kemampunya. 

Kata Kunci: Peran dan Profesionalitas
Judicial Activism and Its Implications for Good Governance: A Case for Judicial Reforms in Pakistan
Authors: Reayat Nauman , Farid Neelam , Khan Muhammad Kamran , Shah Anwarul Mujahid
Published: March 2021

Judicial activism plays an important role in shaping various countries' political contexts with different political systems and regime types. Academic literature and debates are divided among various groups in favour and against judicial activism. This work reviews range of available data to probe case of judicial activism in Pakistan from 2005 to 2013. Judicial activism in Pakistan seemed to be short-lived and selective in nature. The Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) exercised activism without limits in cases against representative parliamentarians who were already constrained in many matters by other unconstitutional powers. No doubt, it reviewed various malpractices of the executive in the domain of public policy and governance, which enhanced its legitimacy and popularity. A vibrant media further contributed to the Court's popularity. But the transgression of institutional boundaries by the apex court for 'pious' objectives failed to introduce judicial reforms and eradication of corruption in the lower judiciary. Selectivity in the SCP activism was visible in its limitation to implement some of its verdicts against ex-military officers. This paper discusses these contradictions within the activism by the higher judiciary in Pakistan, and suggests various recommendations in the latter part of the paper.
The Influence of Exchange Rate, Inflation, For the Results of the Development Assets of Islamic Banks
Authors:   STIE ITMI, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Sitompul Saleh
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine how much influence the exchange rate, inflation, for the results of partial and simultaneous influence on the development of the assets of islamic banks in Indonesia. This study using the technique of regression analysis of panel data, i.e. using data pooling cross section and time series, where this research was conducted by using test specifications model common effect and fixed effect using the test chow test and hausman. The population and sample of this research is financial statement quarter 10 sharia commercial banks and sharia business units that exist in Indonesia. The Model chosen in this study is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results showed that the partial variable exchange rate and inflation have a positive but not significant to the development of the assets of islamic banks, while the variable for the result and significant positive effect on the development of the assets of islamic banks. While simultaneously the variables of exchange rate, inflation, and for the results and significant positive effect on the growth of assets of islamic banks.
Analisis Penyebab Pernikahan Usia Dini Di Kecamatan Pleret Kabupaten Bantul
Authors: Zainuri Muhammad Sulkhan , Hartoyo Hartoyo , Muhajir Muhajir , Al Amin M.N.K , Irawan Andrie , Atmaja Iin Sunny
Published: March 2021

Many rural residents are still married under the age specified in the Indonesian marriage law. There are many reasons why they are forced to do it in Pleret sub-district there is an increasing trend of people who marry at an early age. A qualitative case study research was then conducted to naturally describe the causes of the practice of underage marriage in the research location. The socio-juridical approach was carried out on the data that had been collected through observation, documentation and in-depth interviews with informants selected by purpossive sample. Most of them do early marriage because of economic and educational factors. The causes of intervention or the role of parents or cultural customs do not have as much influence as the first two factors. The age limit of marriage in the legislation has not been clearly and strictly understood for their own future interests so that it still provides opportunities for the practice of early marriage.
Peran Penyuluh Agama dalam Program Desa Binaan Keluarga Sakinah Di Desa Dlingo
Authors: Nurkholis Nurkholis , Istifianah Istifianah , Rahman A. Syafi'i
Published: March 2021

Religious counsellor are officials under the Ministry of Religion who are in charge, responsible and have full authority to carry out religious guidance and development education activities through religious language. The Religious Instructor is one of the parties in the implementation of the Sakinah Family Assistance Village Program (SFAF). Based on their duties and authority as civil servants, this research was held at the same time to find the factors that support and hinder the implementation of the program. This qualitative study concludes that they support the implementation of the DBKS not moving much more than according to their duties and functions as religious extension agents. However, the main thing that hinders the social conditions in religious knowledge, and the problem of early marriage becomes an obstacle even though the support for coordination between the parties involved in the program in Dlingo has been well established. So this program can be continued because of its positive impact in motivating people to have religion.
Internalisasi Nilai Luhur Ahlu Sunnah wal Jama’ah Bagi Pengembangan Karakter kebangsaan Di Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Musaropah Umi , Mahali Muhamad , Delimanugari Daluti , Suprianto Agus , Nugroho Taufik
Published: March 2021

This analytical descriptive study intends to see the formation of national characteristics conditioned in supporting learning milliu at PTKI characterized by the Nahdlatul Ulama organization that adheres to the noble values ​​of Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah (Aswaja). Mainly, the cultivation of nationalism which is characterized by religion in the tridarma of higher education that can be felt by students as adult students. The research is limited to the process of internalizing characteristic courses that contain local wisdom, or also known as NU-ness, at the Yogyakarta Islamic College (STAIYO) Wonosari. Case studies are conducted qualitatively. After the data from participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation were analyzed, it was concluded that the level of participation of students and all STAIYO academicians was very high. This is because they realize that in the future they will become community leaders who have to protect the religious reasoning as NKRI.
Motivasi Keagamaan Konsumen Muslim Dalam Penggunaan Bank Syariah
Authors: Santoso Fattah Setiawan
Published: March 2021

The study of the rationality of consumption behavior in choosing Islamic banking can use many frameworks of thought, but the writing of this paper is devoted to the use of an Islamic economic philosophy framework based on the Quran because its object is the issue of religious obedience as a reason for Muslim consumers to choose Islamic banking. His study is focused on the interpretation of the verses of the Koran regarding the consumption behavior of the perpetrators. This behavioral study is then used to analyze consumer tendencies towards the existence of usury by switching to Islamic banks. Religious obedience is a rational motivator like personal satisfaction because both of them both need information to base their consumption patterns. This is based on the scope of knowledge that gives a positive value to the consideration of prevailing social norms. Therefore, in socialization, persuasive alternative steps need to be taken. This method requires the involvement of religious, community and government elements.