bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS IKLAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN WISATAWAN MEMBELI TIKET PESAWAT DI TRAVELOKA.COM
Authors: Gultom Kristina Angelina , Wijaya NMS. , Eka Mahadewi Ni Putu
Published: January 2022

This research was conducted to analyze the Effectiveness of Advertising on Tourist Decisions in Purchasing Flight Ticket on the Online Travel Agent Traveloka.com using the EPIC Model and Direct Rating Method (DRM) and its Effect on the Flight Ticket Purchase Decision partially and simultaneously. This research method uses data collection techniques in the form of observation, questionnaires, and literature study. The technique of determining the sample using a purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used quantitative descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that Traveloka.com advertising using the EPIC Model method in measuring the advertising communication approach has been effective in introducing products in the form of flight tickets with a value of 4,008 and the Direct Rating Method in measuring good value advertising messages in conveying messages with a value of 79.44. EPIC Model's multiple linear regression analysis on Purchasing Decisions has a positive effect with a significant value of 0.015, the Direct Rating Method has a positive effect with a significant value of 0.003, while simultaneously or simultaneously, the Effectiveness of Advertising on Purchasing Decisions has a positive and significant effect. Based on the results obtained, the effectiveness of advertising can have an influence on purchasing decisions made by buyers through advertisements that contain information about existing products.
TINGKAT KEPUASAN WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN JASA PEGUYUBAN TRANSPORT BALE AGUNG UBUD
Authors: Manuaba IPMM. , Suwena I Ketut , Dewi NGAS.
Published: January 2022

The increasing number of foreign tourists visiting Ubud, makes local people take advantage of these opportunities for transportation services business. Many people own a car, selling roadside transportation services in Ubud. So came the idea of the local community to form a group called Peguyuban Transport Bale Agung Ubud abbreviated ptbau. Therefore, this study is important to be carried out, in order to help PTBAU to measure the level of satisfaction of foreign tourists who use ptbau services. This study was conducted in Ubud Village using 105 respondents determined based on the concept of J.Supranto (2006) indicator multiplied by 5, samples in this study were selected using purposive sampling method. Data collected through questionnaires distributed when tourists use PTBAU services, then analyzed using Importance Performance Analysis and Customer Satisfaction Index. The results of this study were1) Characteristics of tourists who dominate from Germany, female gender, middle-aged, have the last education of high school equivalent, work as a private employee, married, first visit to Bali and use the services of PTBAU, visiting with friends, with a stay of 4-7 days, modes of transportation used for tours, accommodation used by hotels, and large daily expenses of Rp. <1,000,000. 2) The level of satisfaction of foreign tourists to the quality of services Peguyuban Transport Bale Agung Ubud is in the category of satisfied and priority that takes precedence in the improvement is the appearance and neatness of drivers, the price offered, the response of tourists to tourist questions, and security when tourists tour.
EFEKTIVITAS KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN VIRTUAL TOUR DI MUSEUM KONPERENSI ASIA-AFRIKA KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Indah Inayah Resta , Kusuma Negara I Made , Wijaya NMS.
Published: January 2022

Virtual tours are a form of online communication marketing born in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 due to the use of the internet of things as the backbone of movement and connectivity between humans and machines. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of online communication marketing through a virtual tour on the Museum of the Asian-African Conference's website. The operational definition of the variables used was the AIDA variable consists of attention, interest, desire, and action with 14 total indicators. Data collection techniques used were observation, questionnaires, interviews, and literature studies. The researcher used the quota sampling technique by determining the number of samples taken was 100 respondents. The data analysis technique used was a quantitative descriptive analysis using the Customer Response Index (CRI) calculation. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of online communication marketing through a virtual tour on the website of the Museum of the Asian-African Conference has an average AIDA score of 3.28, which is on a scale range of 3.25 - 4.0 in a very effective way and has a CRI value of 50.7% of the overall measurement of respondents which means effective.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN BALI APOLLO DIVE AND WATER SPORT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN
Authors: Fatahilah Sani Vicky , Eka Mahadewi Ni Putu , Agus Wikanatha Sagita Putu
Published: January 2022

Bali Apollo Dive & Water Sport is a company that provides various types of activities and water sports in Tanjung Benoa. Along with the development of tourism in Bali, the interest of tourists to carry out water sport activities is increasing so that many stakeholders have established a water sport tourism business which makes competition between water sport companies tight, therefore this phenomenon is the background of this research The data collection methods used in this study were observation, interviews, documentation, literature studies and the distribution of internal and external questionnaires to 150 respondents who used the Bali Apollo Dive & Water Sport water sport tour package as well as to the Bali Apollo Dive & Water Sport and academics. Tourism. The results of the study The results of the study using 17 internal environmental sub-indicators and 11 external environmental sub-indicators, then obtained 14 strength factors, 3 weakness factors, 8 opportunity factors and 3 threat factors. Based on the results of data processing on external internal factors/IFAS EFAS Bali Apollo Dive & Water Sport, it is known that the total value of IFAS is 3.17 and the total value of EFAS is 2.31, indicating the position of the Bali Apollo Dive & Water Sport water sport package is in cell VIII, namely Conglomerate Growth and Diversification Strategy. In this position, the strategy used by Bali Apollo Dive & Water Sport in marketing water sport packages requires a growth strategy through strategic emphasis on financial synergies rather than product marketing synergies.
Pengaruh Suhu Pengeringan Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Karakteristik Teh Celup Herbal Daun Mint (Mentha piperita L.)
Authors: Sucianti Asti , Yusa Ni Made , Sughita I Made
Published: January 2022

This study aims to find out the effect of drying temperature on antioxidant activity and characteristics of mint leaf herbal tea bags and to know the drying temperature that can produce herbal tea bags mint leaves with the highest antioxidant activity and best characteristics. The design used in this study is a Complete Randomized Design with drying temperature treatment consisting of 5 levels of 5 levels namely 50oC, 55oC, 60oC, 65oC, and 70oC. This study was repeated three times so that 15 experimental units were obtained. The data obtained were analyzed with fingerprints and if the treatment had any real effect continued with Duncan's test. Parameters tested in this study include water content, yield, total phenol levels, total flavonoid levels, antioxidant and IC50 activity, and sensory characteristics. The results showed herbal teabag mint leaves with a drying temperature of 50oC is the best treatment based on water content value of 7,52%, yield 14,16%, total phenol 6,50 mgGAE/g, total flavonoids 5,15 mgGAE/g, antioxidant activity 54,55% with IC50 value of 86,18 ppm, yellow color, very characteristic aroma of mint leaf tea and preferred, fresh mint flavor, and overall acceptance preferred.
Pengaruh Penambahan Puree Buah Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) Terhadap Karakteristik Permen Karamel Susu
Authors: Anggraeni Vina Prilatmi , Timur Ina Putu , Pratiwi I Desak Putu Kartika
Published: January 2022

Milk caramel candy is a confectionary product made from milk, sugar, glucose syrup, and fat. This research was aimed for determining the effect of jackfruit puree addition on the characteristics of milk caramel candy and ascertained the addition of jackfruit puree to produce the best characteristic of milk caramel candy. The research based on a Completely randomized design (CRD) containing 5 levels jackfruit puree addition, namely 0%; 5%; 10%; 15% and 20%. Each treatment was replicated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance and if the treatment had a significant effect, its followed by the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that the addition of jackfruit puree had a significant effect to moisture content, ash content, reducing of sugar, crude fiber, the value of L*, a*, b*, colour, flavor, texture, taste and overall acceptance (hedonic) and taste (skoring). The addition of 15% jackfruit puree for producing milk caramel candy the best characteristics with moisture content 7.29%, ash content 1.65%, reducing sugar 16.26%, total sugar 66.36%, sucrose content 47.59%, crude fiber 3.75%, value of L* 57.20, value of a* 17.17, value of b* 49.30. Colour, flavor, texture, overall acceptance is liked and taste strong and liked.
Pengaruh Perbandingan Tepung Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris. L) dan Tepung Daun Pegagan(Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) Terhadap Karakteristik Cookies
Authors: Siahaan Bobby Frans , Yusa Ni Made , Pratiwi I Desak Putu Kartika
Published: January 2022

This research was aimed for determine the effect of comparison red bean flour and Centella leaf flour on the characteristics of cookies produced and the comparison red bean flour and Centella leaf that is able to produced cookies with the best characteristics. The research based on a Completely randomized design (CRD) with treatment the ratio of red bean flour and Centella leaf flour consisting of 5 levels: 97%: 3%; 94%: 6%; 91%: 9%; 88%: 12%; 85%: 15%. Each treatment was replicated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance and if the treatment had a significant effect, its followed by the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that the comparison of red bean flour and Centella leaf flour has a significant effect to crude fiber content, protein content, and antioxidant capacity, colour, texture, taste and overall acceptance (hedonic), colour, texture and taste (skoring). Ratio of 91% red bean flour and 9% Centella leaf flour for producing cookies the best characteristics with a moisture content 4.28%, crude fiber content 19.87%, protein content 9.33% and antioxidant capacity 85.60%, color is greenish brown and liked, texture is crunchy and liked, taste is somewhat distinctive of Centella leaf and very liked, aroma and overall acceptance were liked.
Pengaruh Perbandingan Daun Putri Malu (Mimosa pudica Linn.) dan Bunga Melati (Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.) Terhadap Karakteristik Teh Celup Wangi
Authors: Olivia Isabella Michelle , Kencana Putra I Nengah , Kadek Diah Puspawati Gusti Ayu
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of the comparison of Mimosa pudica L. leaves and jasmine on the characteristics of scented tea bag and find out the comparison of Mimosa pudica L. and jasmine to obtain the best characteristics of the scented tea bag. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with the comparison treatment Mimosa pudica L. leaves and jasmine as a treatment which consist of 5 levels: 100%:0%, 85%:15%, 70%:30%, 55%:45%, and 40%:60%. The treatment was repeated three times, resulting in 15 experimental units. The data obtained then analyzed by the Analysis of Variance, and if the treatments had a significant effect, continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result showed that the comparison of Mimosa pudica Linn. and jasmine had significant effect on water content, water-soluble extractive, total phenol, total flavonoid, IC50 value, taste (scoring and hedonic test), aroma (scoring and hedonic test), and overall acceptance. The comparison of 70% Mimosa pudica L. and 30% jasmine had the best characteristic, which had a water content 10.97%, water-soluble extractive 22.59%, total phenol 3.70 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids 1.05 mg QE/g, IC50 value 128.73 ppm. The brewed tea bag had a slightly liked color, a slightly liked and slightly jasmine aroma, a slightly bitter and slightly liked taste, and a slightly liked overall acceptance.
Pengaruh Waktu Pasteurisasi Terhadap Cemaran Mikrobiologis dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Loloh Daun Pohpohan (Pilea trinervia Wight.)
Authors: Nabillah Icha , Kencana Putra I Nengah , Suparthana I Putu
Published: January 2022

Loloh is one of the traditional beverages in Bali made from fresh leaves, root, stem, seeds or fruit without cooking treatment (cold process). Some studies showed that loloh in several area in Bali is not worth to consume because of high level of microbial contamination. This study aimed to determine the effect of pasteurization time to produce loloh pohpohan leaves with the best antioxidant activity and free from microbial contamination. This experiment used a Completely Randomized Design with 7 variations of pasteurization treatment time, namely 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 30 and 35 minutes. The treatment was repeated three time for obtain 21 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by analyze of variance and if the treatment had significant effect, then it was followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result of this study showed that pasteurization time has a very significant effect (P<0,01) on total microbial, total coliform and antioxidant activity. The best loloh treatment in this study was obtain with 20 minutes pasteurization time with the total plate count 0 CFU/mL (no microbes showed), negative coliform and antioxidant activity 58.39% with IC50 valued 1584.097 ppm, the color is neutral, the aroma is neutral, the taste was bitter and neutral and overall acceptance

is neutral.
Deteksi Keberadaan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus pada Pangan Tradisional Babi Panggang Karo (BPK) di Kecamatan Kuta Selatan, Kuta dan Denpasar Timur
Authors: Septryani Sidebang Lusia , Trisna Darmayanti Luh Putu , Suter I Ketut
Published: January 2022

Karo roasted pork is a traditional Batak food made from roasted pork and served with a sauce made from pork blood cooked with andaliman herbs and spices. This study aims to detect the presence of microbes and the food safety of karo roasted pork sold in Batak restaurants in subdistricts of South Kuta, Kuta and East Denpasar. This study used a survey method with a saturated sampling technique. The samples were determined in all restaurants selling karo roasted pork in Badung Regency, Bali. The research data were presented in tabular form and analyzed descriptively. The variables observed were total microbes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that 71% of the restaurants meet the total microbial requirements of processed meat products with heat treatment based on SNI 7388:2009 are < 5 x 105. 57% of karo roast pork has not met the requirements for E.coli contamination limits in processed meat in Indonesia, and 100% of karo roasted pork has met the S.aureus requirements for processed meat in Indonesia. As many as 57% of producers process karo roast pork if there is an order. Sanitation and hygiene practices at Batak traditional restaurants in Badung regency, Bali are quite good.
Pengaruh Penambahan Blondo Terhadap Karakteristik Flakes Tepung Beras Merah
Authors: Aulia Adha Ridha , Wisaniyasa Ni Wayan , Yusa Ni Made
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of addition of blondo on the characteristics of brown rice flakes and determine the appropriate addition of blondo to get the best brown rice flakes characteristics. The design used in this study was Completely Randomized Design with the treatment of adding blondo consisting of 6 levels, namely 0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%. This study was repeated three times to obtain 18 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and if the treatment had a significant effect it was followed by DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results showed that the addition of blondo had a significant effect on water content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, water absorption, aroma scoring test, taste scoring test and texture scoring test. Brown rice flakes with the addition of 40% blondo was the best treatment with characteristics water content 3.58%, ash content 1.62%, protein content 10.97%, fat content 13.76%, carbohydrate content 70.07%, crude fiber content 4.21%, water absorption 43.25%, and color rather liked, aroma rather typical coconut and rather liked, taste rather typical coconut and rather liked, texture crispy and rather liked and overall acceptance rather liked.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Maltodekstrin dan Tween 80 Terhadap Karakteristik Bubuk Minuman Instan Bunga Gumitir (Tagetes erecta L.)
Authors: Ayu Nila Ratna Ni Komang , Diah Puspawati Gusti Ayu , Mayun Permana I Dewa Gede
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the concentration of maltodextrin and tween 80 on the characteristics of the gumitir flower instant drink powder and to proper concentration of maltodextrin and tween 80 to get the gumitir flower instant drink powder with the best characteristics by foam mat drying method. The research used two factor Randomized Block Design. First factor was concentration of maltodextrin that consisting of 3 levels (10%, 15% and 20%) and second factor was concentration of Tween 80 that consisting of 3 levels (0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%) so there were 9 treatment combinations. The repetition of each treatment combination was carried out 2 times, in order there were 18 experimental units. The data were analyzed statistically usingthe variance test and if the treatment had a significant effect to observed variables, it was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The result showed that interaction of the concentration of maltodextrin and tween 80 had a significant effect (P<0,05) on moisture content, ash content, total dissolved solids, solubility, total phenol, total carotene, antioxidant activity, hedonic of color, scoring of aroma and scoring of taste. The concentration of 10% maltodextrin and 0.7% tween 80 was the best treatment to produce gumitir flower instant drink powder with the moisture content 3.94%, ash content 1.23%, total dissolved solids 15.2oBrix, solubility 92.18%, total phenol 93.29 mg GAE/g powder, total carotene 19.2 mg/g powder, antioxidant activity of powder 78.56% with IC50 valued 1195.72 ppm, sensory assessment of the aroma was preferred with characteristic aroma of gumitir flowers, the taste was preferred with characteristic taste of gumitir flower, the color was preferred and the overall acceptance was preferred.
Rancang bangun mesin press baglog untuk pembuatan media tanam bibit jamur merang
Authors: Teguh Santoso Deri , Dewi Anjani Ratna , Puspa Sari Rianita , Aljabar Febri
Published: January 2022

Mushroom baglog machine is used to assist mushroom farmers in producing mushroom seedling media. It works by compressing baglog media to make it tightly packed and slicing straw for planting media. Because mushroom seeds are bundled in bags (bags) in the shape of compressed logs, the mushroom growth media is sometimes called baglog. Compaction of mushroom seedling medium seeks to enhance the density of the media and its capacity to absorb water. The approach of building a mushroom baglog press machine with low power consumption is appropriate for small farmers' demands. To build a mushroom baglog press machine, numerous machine parts must be designed according to the requirements of the electric motor, belt, pulley, chain, sprocket, and shaft, as well as the convenience of operation. The calculations assume a power output of 0.5 hp, a rotational speed of 1420 rpm, and a transmission ratio of 1:60. The shear stress value on the step shaft in the punch is an accurate measurement, indicating that the design stress is greater than the actual stress.
Rancang Bangun Die Set sebagai Alat Bantu Press Tool untuk Proses V-Bending Stainless Steel
Authors: Nur Rusdi , Suyuti Muhammad Arsyad , Iswar Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Press tools, as production aids, are widely used in the manufacturing industry for metal forming, including the bending of plate materials. The press tool consists of a die set used to cut or shape a product or component from sheet metal by using a press machine as a pressing tool that can produce products with uniform quality and in a short time. The stages in the die set design process consist of several stages, namely: 1) the design stage is carried out using Autodesk Fusion 360 software, 2) the manufacturing stage is carried out using machine tools and their accessories, 3) the assembly stage of each component both made and standard become a complete stu die set, 4) the stage of testing the die set by performing a compression test on a compression testing machine (UTM Galdabini) with various test parameters. The results of the buckling test show that the bending force required for bending a stainless steel plate with a thickness of 1 mm is in the range of 92 N – 125 N, while for a thickness of 2 mm it ranges from 113 N – 163 N. The bending angle produced is 107O45' – 115O45' for a thickness of 1 mm, and 100O20' – ??116O45' for a thickness of 2 mm. The conclusion obtained is that this die set designed and made has shown performance and meets the requirements as a press tool that can bend stainless steel plates.
Efek perlakuan pack carburizing dan media korosif pada baja AISI 1045 terhadap laju korosi
Authors: Suarsana I Ketut , Astika I Made , Agus Suryawan I Gede Putu
Published: January 2022

Corrosion is a destructive symptom that affects the properties of a metal, which means that the physical properties and quality of the metal decrease due to the electrochemical reaction between the metal and its environment so that the strength of the metal decreases. Corrosion control can be used to avoid the negative impact of corrosion, through the pack carburizing treatment method. The material used in this research is AISI 1045 steel. To determine the effect of pack carburizing on the corrosion rate of steel, the research was carried out by varying the suhue of the carburizing pack and corrosive media. In this study, the pack carburizing process with suhue variations used was 750°C, 850°C, 950°C and the corroding media used were air, fresh water and sea water. This was observed in accordance with the application of AISI 1045 material. The corrosive process through corrosive media was carried out for 720 hours. The results showed that pack carburized steel at a temperature of 950°C had a lower corrosion rate than pack carburized steel at 750°C. Also, air corrosive media provides a lower corrosion rate compared to seawater corrosion rate.
The Analysis of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in a Fanfiction Entitled “Crazy Rich Chenle”
Authors: Shareen Vanessa Shareen , Mulyawan I Wayan , Ni Ketut Alit Ida Setyaningsih Ni Ketut
Published: January 2022

This article is entitled “The Analysis of code-switching and code-mixing in a fan-fiction entitled “Crazy Rich Chenle””. This study aims to analyze the types of code-switching, types of code-mixing as well as the reasons of code-switching and code-mixing. The data is taken from the fan-fiction entitled “Crazy Rich Chenle”, written by Hadids and uploaded on the online reading platform known as “wattpad”. The documentation method and note-taking technique being used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. This study uses the theory of Hoffman (1991) about types of code-switching and the theory proposed by Musyken (2000) about types of code-mixing. The result of this study showed that there are three types of code-switching and three types of code-mixing found and used by the characters in the fan-fiction “Crazy Rich Chenle”. The characters in the fan-fiction “Crazy Rich Chenle” mostly used inter-sentential switching and insertion types of code-mixing
Czy afirmatywne narracje pamięci zwyciężyły? Opowieści o bohaterach w oficjalnych ujęciach prezentowanych przez władze – Polska po roku 1989
Authors: Ratke-Majewska Anna
Published: January 2022

Niniejszy tekst ma za zadanie odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w jaki sposób narracje pamięci o bohaterach kształtowały się w oficjalnych ujęciach prezentowanych przez polskie władze po 1989 roku. Analizując, kto i w jaki sposób pojawiał się w bohaterskich narracjach pamięci, artykuł prezentuje ponadto refleksje dotyczące tego, czy w polskiej potranzycyjnej polityce pamięci zwyciężyły afirmatywne opowieści o czasach minionych. Rozważa również funkcjonalność narracji o bohaterach w polskiej przestrzeni publicznej, zastanawiając się nad ich przyczynami oraz konsekwencjami.
Local citizens’ legislative initiative as a tool to strengthen the local legislative inclusive procedure – from idea to formal legislation
Authors: Podgórska-Rykała Joanna , Ostachowski Paweł
Published: January 2022

The article is an attempt to characterize and analyze the institution of a civic initiative, by describing its idea, genesis and four legislative paths, the last of which was successful. Pursuant to the 2018 amendment to the local government laws, the right to initiate a legislative procedure may be exercised by residents of all Polish municipalities, poviats and voivodships on an equal basis. The considerations of the article focus on the formal following of the legislative path of the act, which is today the legal basis of the discussed institution, as well as the characteristics of the three previous - ineffective - drafts. The axis of the work is a discussion and dispute in the doctrine and among local government officials, among others, about the legitimacy of introducing this regulation and its final shape. The article uses methods characteristic for research on public policy as well as law and administration studies. The main tool is a comparative analysis of draft legal acts, and the auxiliary is a functional system analysis. During deliberations, the authors want to answer the question about the attitude of individual political circles to the legitimacy of regulating the resolution initiative in common law and to the manner and scope of the regulation itself. The question is also why, despite almost a decade of attempts to standardize individual solutions, it was possible to do it only in 2018?
Digital diplomacy: international experience and ukraine’s perspectives
Authors: Mytsyk Larysa
Published: January 2022

In the age of globalization and the dominance of digital technologies, public diplomacy is no longer the prerogative of politicians, as the number of agents of influence is constantly increasing. Openness and publicity dictate new rules of the political game and, accordingly, make new demands on public diplomacy of the state. In light of the global Covid-19 pandemic, digital technologies are becoming especially relevant, strengthening the importance of digital diplomacy as the newest direction of public diplomacy. The purpose of this paper is to study the international experience of integrated inclusion of digital diplomacy into the arsenal of public diplomacy and the opportunities and problems to apply that experience for the digitalization of Ukrainian public diplomacy.

The need to understand digital diplomacy is determined by a number of factors, in particular, increasing information flows, the inclusion of diplomatic communication in the global context of networking, the use of new communication channels and tools as well as its intensity, and the emergence of new types of influence on the audience in diplomatic practice.

 The experience of the leading world’s democracies shows the potential of digital diplomacy as a strategic resource for promoting national interests and implementation of diplomatic tasks and state political doctrine. The essence of the cultural and political dimension of digital diplomacy is that the use of the latest information and communication tools in the foreign policy area contributes to strengthening the attractive image of the political culture of the state, ensuring the main goals of the country’s economy in the world economic space, as well as the promotion of national identity abroad. Digital diplomacy is a tool for spreading democratic values ​​worldwide that creates a basis for global unity.

Opportunities for the development of "digital diplomacy" in Ukraine seem to be limited by the lack of national information and communication strategy, the shortage of trained professionals, and a number of risks inherent in working on the Internet. Nevertheless, digital diplomacy in Ukraine is actively developing, involving more and more stakeholders in the process of information exchange. That is facilitated by the very nature of social media, which, like any living organism, is constantly evolving.
How to research educational inequalities arising from remote education during the COVID-19 pandemic? Research in countries of the Visegrad Group (V4)
Authors: Liszka Damian , Walewander Paweł
Published: January 2022

Due to many restrictions in Central and Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic, the area of formal education of young people was dominated by remote (on-line) classes. Although, research has been conducted on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education and social inclusion of young people, their families and teachers, most of the studies only included urban youth with access to digital technologies and infrastructure. However, there are no studies of young people from rural areas, small towns, and less developed areas. The article presents the conclusion from analyses using the desk research technique of the existing documents and research results of the effect of the pandemic on teachers, students and their families from different groups and backgrounds from  the area of Visegrad Region countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia). The desk research was the initial stage for further research on peripheral regions of the countries. The further research methodology is also presented in the article.
Edukacjonalizacja i jej znaczenie we współczesnym świecie
Authors: Mikiewicz Piotr
Published: January 2022

Tekst podejmuje wątek procesów edukacjonalizacji - zwiększania znaczenia instytucji edukacji formalnej w obszarach do tej pory niezwiązanych/niekojarzonych z tego rodzaju działaniami. W tekście przedstawiono kontekst społeczny syndromu edukacjonalizacji oraz jego potencjalne skutki.

Przedstawiam w nim kilka refleksji na temat procesów formatujących współczesne warunki funkcjonowania jednostek w społeczeństwie zachodnim. Wydaje się, że procesy te są wspólne dla tzw. krajów rozwiniętych. Wypływa to z dwóch źródeł. Po pierwsze z poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego, rozwoju nowych technologii i wejścia w erę przemysłu 4.0, co stwarza sytuację, w której szkolenie kadr dla gospodarki staje się zadaniem szczególnie ważnym i wymaga pracy z osobami w każdym wieku, nie tylko w klasycznie rozumianym wieku szkolnym. Po drugie jest efektem przemian kulturowych, które stawiają człowieka w obliczu konieczności posiadania bardzo szerokiego i wielorakiego wachlarza kompetencji i korzystania z coraz bardziej wyrafinowanej wiedzy w sytuacjach nie tylko zawodowych, co zmusza do odwoływania się do coraz bardziej wyspecjalizowanych systemów eksperckich, o których pisał A. Giddens (2004). Pod tym względem mówimy o procesach opisywanych jako typowe dla późnej czy płynnej nowoczesności. Hasło uczenie się przez całe życie robi dziś karierę i przestaje być tylko frazesem, mówiącym o tym, że przez całe życie zbieramy doświadczenia. Uczenie się (edukacja), staje się narzędziem, zadaniem, efektem (w postaci postawy gotowości do stałego rozwijania umiejętności), które definiuje logikę działania współczesnych ludzi.
Proces demasyfikacji uniwersytetu a obecność młodzieży wiejskiej w jego strukturze
Authors: Wasielewski Krzysztof
Published: January 2022

Artykuł prezentuje dynamikę zmian w obecności młodzieży wiejskiej w strukturze wszystkich typów studiów wyższych w Uniwersytecie Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu w latach 2006-2018. Kluczową rolę w przemianach szkolnictwa wyższego w tym okresie odegrał głęboki niż demograficzny, który zmienił strukturę całego szkolnictwa wyższego i studiów wyższych w Polsce. Proces ten definiowany jako – demasyfikacja uniwersytetu – w znaczący sposób wpłynął na dostępność studiów wyższych dla młodzieży wiejskiej, która okazała się jednym z głównych beneficjentów niżu demograficznego. Tym samym młodzież wiejska wykorzystała `efekt nasycenia` systemu (koncepcja Effectively Maintained Inequality S. Lucasa) młodzieżą wielkomiejską (o wyższym poziomie kapitału kulturowego) i „zajęła” dostępne na bezpłatnych publicznych uniwersytetach wolne miejsca.
مهارة الكتابة لتلامذ في معهد الأزهر بعباد الله
Authors: Sihitang Nurfin , Danny Muammar
Published: January 2022

Masalah penelitian ini adalah berkaitan dengan maharah kitabah siswa pondok pesantren al-azhar bi ibadillah. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kemampuan menulis siswa pondok pesantren al-azhar bi ibadillah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah maharah kitabah siswa pondok pesantren al-azhar bi ibadillah baik, hal ini tergambar dalamkemampuan siswa menulis kalimat yang berbentuk kata kerja.
المشكلات اللغوية في تعليم اللغة العربية لدي الطلبة في إندونيسيا
Authors: Amin Irsal
Published: January 2022

Mata pelajaran Bahasa Arab bagi orang Indonesia merupakan mata pelajaran yang sulit dan asing, karena adanya perbedaan antara bahasa Arab dengan bahasa lainnya, baik dari segi huruf, kata, bahasa dan kondisi pembelajaran. Masalah besar yang dihadapi siswa Indonesia dari segi bahasa adalah berkaitan dengan bahasa itu sendiri dan pembelajarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui permasalahan pembelajaran dari aspek kebahasaan yang dihadapi siswa saat belajar dan belajar, dan kondisi keseharian mereka dalam memahami bahasa Arab. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kepustkaan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah masalah kebahasaan ketika mengajarkan bahasa Arab kepada orang non-Arab, khususnya di Indonesia, adalah aspek percampuran linguistik, aspek gramatikal. Permasalahan dari segi bahasa adalah perbedaan struktur kata, bahwa dalam bahasa Indonesia kalimatnya berasal dari Subjek + prediket + objek + keterangan, dan dalam bahasa Arab terdiri dari kata kerja + subjek + objek. Perbedaan lainnya adalah dari segi kosa kata dan ucapan, dan dalam bahasa Arab banyak ditemukan kembalinya di Indonesia dan kebalikannya, yaitu sesuatu yang ada di Arab atau di Indonesia.
أنواع ما ودلالاتها في سورة اللهب
Authors: Lubis Suprin Efendi
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini berjudul "Anwaa' Maa wa Dilaalaatihaa fii Surati al-Lahab"، dengan jenis penelitian studi pustaka yang menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Adapun sumber data utama (primer) dan pendukung (sekunder) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah buku dan jurnal-jurnal yang sesuai dengan pokok bahasan. Pada penelitian، peneliti membagi menjadi kepada tiga pokok bahasan، yaitu pendahuluan yang berisikan latar belakang masalah، rumusan masalah، tujuan penelitian dan metode penelitian. Sementara pada bagian kedua difokuskan untuk menyajikan teori-teori seputar tema yang diulas، yaitu isytiraak baik secara etimologi maupun terminologi، kemudian mengulas jenis-jenis maa yang terdiri dari huruf ma’aani (huruf yang bermakna) dan isim (kata benda)، dan dilaalaat maa (makna yang terkandung pada maa) yang terbagi kepada tujuah bagian. Maa berjenis huruf ma’aani terdiri dari tiga dilaalat، yaitu naafiyah،mashdariyah dan zaaidah. Sementara apabila maa berjenis isim (kata benda)، maka dilaalaatnya ada 4 yaitu،maa al-maushuulah،istifhaamiyah،ta'ajjubiyah dan syarthiyah. Adapun terkait dengan jenis dan dilaalaat maa yang ada pada surah al-Lahab yaitu pada ayat ketiga، dibagi menjadi dua penggalan، yaitu penggalan pertama pada potongan ayat "maa aghnaa" dan penggalan kedua pada potongan ayat "maa kasab". Pada potongan ayat "maa aghnaa"،dilaalat maa-nya bisa isim dan bisa huruf ma’ni. Apabila jenisnya isim maka dilaalat-nya adalah istifhaam، sementara apabila jenisnya huruf ma’ani maka dilaalat-nya adalah nafiyah. Untuk penggalan kedua yaitu "maa kasab"، juga memiliki dua kemungkinan. Apabila jenisnya maa-nya isim، maka ada dua kemungkina yaitu antara makna istifham atau maushulah، sementara kalau jenisnya huruf ma’ani maka dilaalat-nya adalah mashdariyah. Dan setiap jenis dan dilaalat mempengaruhi pemaknaan dan pengertian yang disimpulkan dari ayat tersebut.
جهود المعلم في ترقية مهارة الكلام للطلاب في تعليم اللغة العربية في معهد دار الإخلاص
Authors: Yunaldi Yunaldi , Nasution Aprilianti
Published: January 2022

Upaya guru dalam meningkatkakan maharatul kalam dalam pembelajaran di Pondok Pesanteren Darul Ikhlas Padangsidimpuan merupakan upaya yang penting, masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaima upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam meningkatkakan maharatul kalam dalam pembelajaran di Pondok Pesanteren Darul Ikhlas Padangsidimpuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam  meningkatkakan maharatul kalam dalam pembelajaran di Pondok Pesanteren Darul Ikhlas Padangsidimpuan. Metode penilitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam meningkatkakan maharatul kalam dalam pembelajaran di Pondok Pesanteren Darul Ikhlas Padangsidimpuan diantaranya, para guru selalu membersamai siswa setiap hari di luar jam pelajaran dengan diadakannya sistem asrama, pemahiran materi yang dilakukan di luar jam ngajar, metode dan media yang gunakan dalam pembelajaran bervariasi. Adapun kesimpulan penelitian ini upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam meningkatkakan maharatul kalam dalam pembelajaran di Pondok Pesanteren Darul Ikhlas Padangsidimpuan sudah baik dan memenuhi standar.
الدراسة التحليلية على كتاب التدريس "العربية بين يديك لكتاب الطالب الأول" في ترقية مهارة الكتابة لطلبة المبتدئين بمدخل تصميم التدريس
Authors: Lubis Irsal Amin
Published: January 2022

Kemampuan menulis adalah keterampilan terakhir dalam mempelajari bahasa asing. Belajar bahasa asing, salah satu pembelajaran bahasa asing adalah bahasa Arab. Untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis diperlukan buku-buku yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran. Buku bahasa Arab Bina Yidaik merupakan buku populer untuk pembelajaran bahasa Arab bagi orang non-Arab, sehingga perlu diketahui bentuk penyajian materinya terutama materi pengajaran menulis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, terhadap buku bahasa Arab “Al-Arabiah Baina Yadaik” dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan cara penyajian materi ajar menulis yang akan dipelajari siswa di kelas untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis. Metode pengumpulan data adalah cara observasi dan dokumentasi materi ajar menulis dan cara menyajikannya kepada peserta didik untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulisnya. Metode analisis data adalah metode menganalisis isi. Setelah peneliti melakukan penelitian terhadap buku ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan menulis diajarkan dengan memberikan materi ajar mulai dari pembelajaran huruf arab hingga kosakata dan artinya. Cara belajar huruf pada buku ini adalah dengan menyajikan huruf-huruf dalam bentuk huruf hijaiyah mulai dari alif, baa, taa tsa, dan lain-lain dan setelah selesai pembelajaran huruf, kemudian dilanjutkan belajar kosakata dengan gambar. Dengan pola yang demikian dapat di simpulkan bahwa materi ajar yang sesuai akan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kemampuan menulis.القدرة على الكتابة هي آخر مهارة في تعلم لغة أجنبية. تعلم اللغات الأجنبية ومنها العربية. لتحسين مهارات الكتابة ، هناك حاجة إلى كتب مناسبة لاحتياجات التعلم. الكتاب العربي بينا يديكا هو كتاب مشهور بتعلم اللغة العربية لغير العرب ، لذلك من المهم معرفة شكل عرض المادة التعليمية. هذا البحث بحث الوصفي عن الكتاب اللغة العربية "بين يديك" في ترقية مهارة الكتابة، وأما هدف البحث لمعرفة طريقة في تقديم المواد الكتابة التي ستدرس الطلبة في الفصل ليتسهل عند الدرس وكيف تحليله لترقية مهارة الكتابة للمتعلم عند الدرس. والطريقة في جمع البيانات هي الطريقة الملاحظة والتوثقة على المواد الكتابة كيف تقديمها على المتعلم حتي ينمو ويرقوا مهارتهم في الكتابة. والطريقة في تحليل البيانات طريقة تحليل المضمون الموجودة في كتاب اللغة العربية بين يديك. بعد أن أجرى الباحث بحثًا حول هذا الكتاب ، يمكن الاستنتاج أن تعلم مهارات الكتابة يتم من خلال تقديم المواد التعليمية من تعلم الحروف العربية إلى المفرودات ومعانيها. طريقة تعلم الحروف في هذا الكتاب هي تقديم الحروف على شكل حروف هجائية تبدأ من ألف وباء وتاء وما إلى ذلك ، وبعد إكمال الحروف التعليمية يستمر في دراسة المفردات مع الصور. مع مثل هذا النمط يمكن استنتاج أن المواد التعليمية المناسبة ستكون قادرة على تحسين مهارات الكتابة
تكوين بيئة اللغة العربية لدى الطلبة الفصل الأول لترقية مهارة الكلام في معهد الأنصار مانونجانج جولو مركزية بادنج سيدمبوان جنوب الشرقي بادنج سيدمبوان
Authors: Lubis Ali Asrun , Lubis Ratih Annisa
Published: January 2022

Pembentukan lingkungan Bahasa Arab ialah salah satu cara untuk membiasakan bahasa Arab, misalnya menghafal mufrodat dan berbicara bahasa Arab sesama santri, petugas dan juga guru-guru. Pondok pesantren Al-ansor melakukan kegiatan bahasa tersebut untuk membentuk lingkungan bahasa Arab. Pertanyaan penelitian bagaimana pembentukan lingkungan Bahasa Arab apakah masalahnya dan solusinya? Akan di jelaskan pada penelitian ini. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan data deskriptif, dan alat pengumpulan dan analisis data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan analisis data, triangulasi mendalam, observasi dan diskusi dengan teman untuk diambil validitasnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana mereka menciptakan lingkungan tersebut dan apa permasalahannya serta cara mengatasinya di Pesantren Al-Ansor. Setelah penelitian sampailah pada  cara mereka dalam menciptakan lingkungan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara adalah sebagai berikut: pemberian kosakata, pemberian mahfudzot, percakapan, majalah lukisan, ujian mingguan, dan  mahkamah bahasa. Namun mereka memiliki kendala, kurangnya penggunaan bahasa Arab, kesulitan dalam membentuk kosakata dalam kalimat, takut berbicara bahasa Arab, dan latar belakang pendidikan siswa bervariasi. Dan cara untuk mengatasi masalah, siswa selalu perlu lebih banyak berlatih bahasa Arab, pelatih bahasa harus lebih aktif dalam menciptakan lingkungan bahasa Arab yang efektif.
تحليل حروف "الواو" في سورة الواقعة وإستراتيجيتها في تعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Aniati Ira , Sumaiah Siti
Published: January 2022

Huruf merupakan salah satu bahasan yang terdapat dalam bahasa arab, ia  merupakan hal yang penting dalam menyusun kalimat. Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis tentang huruf waw yang terdapat dalam surat al-waqi’ah dan trategi pengajarannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis waw yang ada dalam surat al-waqi’ah dan strategi pengajarannya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian pusaka. Hasil penelitian ini adalah huruf waw yang terdapat di dalam surat al-waqi’ah berjumlah 42 buah, yang terbagi menjadi huruf ataf, huruh hal, huruf qasam dan huruf za’idah,  strategi pengajaran huruf waw adalah strategi tarakib. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat empat jenis huruf waw yang ada dalam surat al-waqi’ah.
تطبيق طريقة الألعاب التعليمية فى ترقية الدافعة الطلبة لتعلم اللغة العربية الصف الثانى بمعهد الأنصار مانونجانججولو بادنج سيدمبوان
Authors: Hrp Rizka Amini
Published: January 2022

Penerapan metode permainan edukatif dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab adalah merupakan sebuah bentuk kegiatan pembelakaran, dengan menggunakan metode permainan edukatif, siswa lebih bersemangat dalam mengikuti pelajaran. Pertanyaan penelitian adalah bagaimana hasilnya pembelajaran setelah diterapakan metode permainan edukatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasilnya pembelajaran setelah di terapkan metode permainan edukatif di pesantren Al-ansor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa dengan menerapkan metode permainan edukatif, peningkatan ini didapat dari hasil tes yang diberikan peneliti dan juga hasil observasi dari setiap siklusnya. Hasil tindakan pada siklus I adalah 52, 17, pada siklus II adalah 78, 26 dan pada siklus III adalah 86, 95. Dilihat dari hasil tindakan siklus I  sampai dengan siklus II menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah skor yang diperoleh dari setiap tes. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar setelah menggunakan metode permainan edukatif
Effect Of Nd:YAG Laser On Ants (Camponotus consobrinus)
Authors: Mahdi Estabraq Mahmood , Rashid Sahar Naji , Jasim Awatif Sabir
Published: January 2022

The subject of biophysics is interdisciplinary and covers various fields of biology and physics. In this research the effect of some parameters of Nd:YAG laser on ants (Camponotus consobrinus) has been studied    . This includes the effect on its external shape, as well as the percentage of the killing rate obtained. A laser radiation  of  a wavelength (1.064 µm) with different  energies: (300, 320, 340, 360, 380 and 480 mJ) was used to irradiate ants  placed at a distance  of (10 cm) distance  from the laser source . The irradiation times were (15 and 20 sec) for each energy. The obtained results showed an increase in the rate of ant  mortality, as well as an increase in deformations, as the laser energy and the irradiation time increased. These results were recorded after different time periods (12, 24, 48 and 72 hours) after laser treatment.. The thermal diffusion within the tissues resulting from laser radiation causes increased death rates due to damage of internal structures.
Características sociodemográficas y territoriales de Cuba
Authors: Sosa Jorge Luis , Castillo Viveros Nemesio
Published: January 2022

El artículo aborda las características sociodemográficas y territoriales de Cuba, con el fin de establecer una periodización del fenómeno migratorio a partir del triunfo de la Revolución cubana. Mediante una estrategia de análisis cuantitativo, expone los cambios demográficos en la sociedad cubana y su repercusión social, cultural y económica. En particular, analiza el censo de población desde el cual se hacen las proyecciones. Entre los hallazgos relevantes en la sociedad cubana actual, destaca el notable proceso de envejecimiento poblacional, en el que tienen efecto directo, por un lado, los índices de natalidad de la familia cubana y, por otro, la migración de miles de ciudadanos en el primer año de la década de 1980, entre cuyas causas se han esgrimido el magro crecimiento económico, el deseo de reunificación familiar, las confrontaciones políticas de la disidencia interna con el Gobierno y la visita de los cubanos emigrantes, que permitió a los de la isla familiarizarse con el american lifestyle.
Palabras clave: Cuba, Población, Migración cubana
El fenómeno migratorio y sus efectos en el mercado de productos nostálgicos en Estados Unidos
Authors: Romero León Daniel Arturo , Lascurain Fernández Mauricio
Published: January 2022

En los últimos años, la migración internacional ha observado un crecimiento sostenido, impulsado, en especial, por la migración laboral. La mayoría de los países desarrollados han experimentado flujos migratorios de mano de obra calificada y no calificada, que han contribuido sustancialmente en su desempeño económico y social. El objetivo de este artículo es generar una reflexión sobre las motivaciones para el consumo de productos étnicos y nostálgicos en Estados Unidos, y cómo adicionalmente al proceso social en el que se ven inmersos en el país de destino, los migrantes, actúan como agentes económicos que consumen y demandan bienes y servicios asociados a su identidad, sentido de pertenencia y cultura.
Palabras clave: Migración, Mercado nostálgico, Estados Unidos, Consumo