bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mitochondrial HSP90 paralog TRAP1 forms an OXPHOS-regulated tetramer and is involved in maintaining mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis
Authors: Joshi Abhinav , Dai Joyce , Lee Jungsoon , Ghahhari Nastaran Mohammadi , Segala Gregory , Beebe Kristin , Tsai Francis T.F. , Neckers Len , Picard Didier
Published: June 2019

Background

The molecular chaperone TRAP1, the mitochondrial isoform of cytosolic HSP90, remains poorly understood with respect to its pivotal role in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Most studies have found it to be an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and an inducer of the Warburg phenotype of cancer cells. However, others have reported the opposite and there is no consensus on the relevant TRAP1 interactors. This calls for a more comprehensive analysis of the TRAP1 interactome and of how TRAP1 and mitochondrial metabolism mutually affect each other.

Results

We show that the disruption of the gene for TRAP1 in a panel of cell lines dysregulates OXPHOS by a metabolic rewiring that induces the anaplerotic utilization of glutamine metabolism to replenish TCA cycle intermediates. Restoration of wild-type levels of OXPHOS requires full-length TRAP1. Whereas the TRAP1 ATPase activity is dispensable for this function, it modulates the interactions of TRAP1 with various mitochondrial proteins. Quantitatively by far the major interactors of TRAP1 are the mitochondrial chaperones mtHSP70 and HSP60. However, we find that the most stable stoichiometric TRAP1 complex is a TRAP1 tetramer, whose levels change in response to both a decline or an increase in OXPHOS.

Conclusions

Our work provides a roadmap for further investigations of how TRAP1 and its interactors such as the ATP synthase regulate cellular energy metabolism. Our results highlight that TRAP1 function in metabolism and cancer cannot be understood without a focus on TRAP1 tetramers as potentially the most relevant functional entity.
Activity-dependent nucleation of dynamic microtubules at presynaptic boutons is required for neurotransmission
Authors: Qu Xiaoyi , Kumar Atul , Blockus Heike , Waites Clarissa , Bartolini Francesca
Published: June 2019

Control of microtubule (MT) dynamics is critical for neuronal function. Whether MT nucleation is regulated at presynaptic boutons and influences overall presynaptic activity remains unknown. By visualizing MT dynamics at individual excitatory en passant boutons in axons of hippocampal neurons we found that MTs preferentially grow from presynaptic boutons as a result of γ-tubulin and augmin-dependent nucleation. MT nucleation at boutons is promoted by neuronal activity, functionally coupled to synaptic vesicle (SV) transport, and required for neurotransmission. Hence, en passant boutons act as hotspots for activity-dependent MT nucleation, which is required for neurotransmission by providing the tracks for a rate-limiting supply of SVs to sites of neurotransmitter release.

Highlights

Excitatory boutons are hotspots for neuronal activity-induced γ-tubulin dependent MT nucleation

The augmin complex is required for the correct polarity of presynaptic de novo nucleated MTs

Presynaptic MT nucleation promotes SV motility and exocytosis at sites of release

In Brief

Our results demonstrate that excitatory en passant boutons are hotspots for neuronal activity-induced γ-tubulin- and augmin-dependent oriented MT nucleation, and that the resulting presynaptic de novo nucleated MTs promote inter-bouton SV motility which is rate-limiting for neurotransmitter release.
Response to starvation and microbial community composition in microbial fuel cells enriched on different electron donors
Authors: Saheb‐Alam Soroush , Persson Frank , Wilén Britt‐Marie , Hermansson Malte , Modin Oskar
Published: June 2019

In microbial fuel cells (MFCs), microorganisms generate electrical current by oxidizing organic compounds. MFCs operated with different electron donors harbour different microbial communities, and it is unknown how that affects their response to starvation. We analysed the microbial communities in acetate‐ and glucose‐fed MFCs and compared their responses to 10 days starvation periods. Each starvation period resulted in a 4.2 ± 1.4% reduction in electrical current in the acetate‐fed MFCs and a 10.8 ± 3.9% reduction in the glucose‐fed MFCs. When feed was resumed, the acetate‐fed MFCs recovered immediately, whereas the glucose‐fed MFCs required 1 day to recover. The acetate‐fed bioanodes were dominated by Desulfuromonas spp. converting acetate into electrical current. The glucose‐fed bioanodes were dominated by Trichococcus sp., functioning as a fermenter, and a member of Desulfuromonadales, using the fermentation products to generate electrical current. Suspended biomass and biofilm growing on non‐conductive regions within the MFCs had different community composition than the bioanodes. However, null models showed that homogenizing dispersal of microorganisms within the MFCs affected the community composition, and in the glucose‐fed MFCs, the Trichococcus sp. was abundant in all locations. The different responses to starvation can be explained by the more complex pathway requiring microbial interactions to convert glucose into electrical current.
Constitutive internalization across therapeutically targeted GPCRs correlates with constitutive activity
Authors: Hendrik Schmidt Jan , Perslev Mathias , Bukowski Lina , Stoklund Mikkel , Herborg Freja , Herlo Rasmus , Lindegaard Madsen Kenneth
Published: June 2019

While the physiological function and mechanisms of agonist‐dependent G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) internalization have been extensively studied, the functional characterization of constitutive internalization of these critically important receptors has received less attention. Here we relate the constitutive internalization of more than 30 therapeutically targeted GPCRs to their agonist‐induced internalization. The constitutive internalization ranges from levels of bulk membrane endocytosis in some cases to levels of agonist‐induced internalization for other receptors. Moreover, for receptors with high constitutive internalization this occludes further agonist‐induced internalization. Additionally, Gq‐coupled GPCRs show a significantly higher rate of constitutive internalization than Gs‐ and Gi‐coupled receptors. Finally, we consolidate the proposed link between the constitutive internalization, as assessed by a cytometry‐based assay, and the constitutive activity of these receptors, as previously reported by a β‐arrestin recruitment assay across the range of pharmacologically relevant receptors. In summary, we provide a quantitative comparison of GPCR internalization across a range of pharmacologically relevant receptors providing generalized insight into the relations between constitutive internalization, constitutive activity and agonist‐induced internalization, which has so far relied on mutational studies in individual receptors.
Complexities of conducting research in adolescent refugees resettling in Australia
Authors: Hirani Kajal , Mutch Raewyn , Payne Donald , Cherian Sarah
Published: June 2019

Adolescent refugees resettling in Australia are a vulnerable and marginalised population. Dedicated research to help better understand their health‐care needs remains scarce. There are multiple complexities which may deter health professionals from conducting research with this population. Health‐care system barriers, such as lack of adolescent‐ and refugee‐specific health‐care services, complicate comprehensive data collection. Limited investigator knowledge pertaining to culturally appropriate research in a population with limited English proficiency or a history of trauma can have an impact on adolescent participation and retention in research studies. Additional ethical and legal issues relating to adolescent consent and confidentiality, which include suicidality and physical or sexual abuse, can arise during research and cause potential harm to adolescents if not managed appropriately. This article highlights current knowledge and understanding relating to these issues along with recommendations to address barriers and safeguard adolescents, with the aim of promoting high‐quality research that will benefit resettling adolescent refugees.
Risk of chikungunya virus transmission associated with European travelers returning from southern Thailand (2008–2015)
Authors: Appassakij Hatsadee , Khuntikij Paiwon , Silpapojakul Khachornsakdi , Promwong Charuporn , Rujirojindakul Pairaya , Suddeaugrai Oranart , Chullasara Arthiya
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

The impact of the spread of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) by autochthonous transmission and blood transfusion in nonendemic areas via travelers returning from CHIKV‐affected locations is a concern.

METHODS

We analyzed the risks of potential CHIKV importation and transfusion transmission from Thailand to Europe via travelers visiting southern Thailand from 2008 through 2015, using the web‐based European Up‐front Risk Assessment Tool.

RESULTS

The risk of CHIKV importation by European travelers returning from Thailand from 2008 through 2015 varied depending on the year of travel, tourist destination, duration of stay, and time since last possible exposure. Specifically, the risks of acquiring CHIKV among travelers visiting Songkhla and Krabi for 1, 5, or 10‐30 days during the highest epidemic activity in 2009 were estimated to be 74.40, 371.99, and 706.77 (Songkhla) and 1.82, 9.08, and 17.25 (Krabi) per 100,000 travelers, respectively. In contrast, such risks were estimated to be fewer than 0.099 per 100,000 travelers in nonepidemic years. The 2009 yearly average rates of expected incidence among 4,059,988 European travelers who stayed for 1 or 10‐30 days in all six outbreak activity destinations were calculated to be, respectively, 4.01 × 10−6 or 1.20 × 10−4 cases per day, corresponding to the estimated rates of viremia and transfusion‐transmitted CHIKV via traveling blood donations of 3.21 × 10−5 and 0.61, and 9.62 × 10−4 and 3.34, respectively. Additionally, it is probable that 18 (0.0004%) Europeans acquired CHIKV in Thailand, representing a maximum attack rate of 0.0023%.

CONCLUSION

The extent of the expected risks and attack rates of CHIKV infection might reflect the travel preferences for popular destinations rather than the true risks of CHIKV transmission in travelers' home nonendemic countries. Nevertheless, preventive and blood‐safety intervention measures may be applied to returning travelers at risk for infection to reduce CHIKV transfusion threats in their home countries.
Dexmedetomidine as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Fiore Marco , Torretta Giacomo , Passavanti Maria Beatrice , Sansone Pasquale , Pace Maria Caterina , Alfieri Aniello , Aurilio Caterina , Simeon Vittorio , Chiodini Paolo , Pota Vincenzo
Published: June 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine as adjunctive therapy to the standard of care (benzodiazepines) compared to either the standard of care or other adjunctive treatment approaches (e.g. benzodiazepines plus propofol) for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS).

Introduction:

Benzodiazepines have been the cornerstone of AWS therapy, but in some patients, AWS is refractory to high doses. Moreover, benzodiazepine use is burdened by excessive sedation, confusion and respiratory depression. Options for management of refractory AWS include the addition of phenobarbital, propofol and, more recently, dexmedetomidine to benzodiazepines therapy. The possible advantage of dexmedetomidine compared to benzodiazepines is that it does not cause respiratory depression, thus reducing the risk of intubation and hospitalization in the intensive care unit.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider studies including patients who are 18 years or older and are diagnosed with AWS. The exclusion criteria are a history of psychoactive substances or withdrawal states and/or severe neurologic disorder (e.g. traumatic brain injury, acute stroke, severe dementia, seizure disorder).

Methods:

This review will include only studies published in English, with no restrictions on the year of publication. Both randomized controlled trials and observational studies (including cohort and case-control studies) assessing the drug effectiveness and safety will be included. The databases utilized will include: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. In addition, the trial registers to be searched will include: World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), U.S. National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42018084370
Analysis of the symptom response to esomeprazole 20 mg over days 1–4 of a 14-day course of treatment for frequent heartburn: results of two randomised controlled trials
Authors: Peura David , Le Moigne Anne , Wassel Heather , Pollack Charles
Published: June 2019

Background

Drug exposure and corresponding antisecretory effects increase over the first 4–5 days of esomeprazole treatment. To date, this effect has not been correlated with symptomatic improvement. Therefore, the efficacy of esomeprazole was evaluated on days 1–4 and 5–14 using pooled data from two identical randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies conducted in subjects with frequent heartburn who are likely to self-treat with over-the-counter medications.

Methods

Adults without confirmed diagnoses of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease experiencing heartburn 2 or more days per week in the past 4 weeks were randomly assigned to treatment with esomeprazole 20 mg or placebo once daily for 14 days following a 1-week placebo run-in period (esomeprazole: n=330; placebo: n=321). Heartburn episodes were documented in daily diaries. The current analyses evaluated the change in baseline percentage of heartburn-free days across days 1–4 and 5–14.

Results

Change in the percentage of heartburn-free days from the run-in was significantly greater with esomeprazole compared with placebo (p<0.001) starting on days 1–4. The greatest treatment benefit was observed during days 5–14. During this period, esomeprazole-treated subjects increased their heartburn-free time over the run-in period by 32.5% compared with 14.3% with placebo (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Frequent heartburn sufferers treated with esomeprazole 20 mg had significantly more heartburn-free days relative to placebo throughout the studies. Maximal clinical benefits coincided with the estimated timing of maximal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects and duration of acid control on days 5–14.

Trial registration number

NCT01370525;NCT01370538
The Role of transanal (Ta) dissection in the management of difficult primary and recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Courval Valérie , Drolet Sébastien , Bouchard Alexandre , Bouchard Philippe
Published: June 2019

Background

The objective of this study was to review the postoperative and short-term oncological outcomes of our first cohort of patients having had a transanal (Ta) approach for primary or recurrent rectal cancer.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed on all cases of Ta dissection occurring between 2013 and 2016. We reviewed data concerning case selection, tumour characteristics, perioperative and postoperative data and final pathology.

Results

A total of 24 males were operated for primary (92% (22/24)) or recurrent rectal cancer (8.3% (2/24)). Four patients (16.7% (4/24)) had a history of previous rectal surgery and two had a history of previous Ta total mesorectal excision (TME). A majority of patients were obese, with 58.3% (14/24) having a body mass index >30. The laparoscopic approach was used in the majority of cases (95.8% (23/24)). Most patients had a low anterior resection (95.8% (23/24)). Sixteen patients received a temporary ileostomy (66.7% (16/24)). Three patients suffered perioperative complications (including colonic ischaemia, rectal perforation and arterial bleeding). Five patients (21.7% (5/23)) had an anastomotic leak treated with Ta drainage in two patients. Final pathology revealed negative margins in 95.8% (23/24). TME was considered complete in 87.5% (21/24) overall and in 95% (21/22) when considering only primary cancer cases.

Conclusion

According to our cohort of selected difficult cases, Ta dissection approach helped achieve complete mesorectal excision in complex primary rectal cancer but also allowed for rectal resection in patients with previous rectal surgery. This technique also helped perform a primary anastomosis in these difficult cases.
A quality improvement approach to the reduction of HIV-related stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings
Authors: Ikeda Daniel J , Nyblade Laura , Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai , Agins Bruce D
Published: June 2019

HIV-related stigma and discrimination (S&D) in healthcare settings represents a potent barrier to achieving global aims to end the HIV epidemic, particularly in Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Thailand and Vietnam). Evidence-based approaches for measuring and reducing S&D in healthcare settings exist, but their incorporation into routine practice remains limited, in part due to a lack of attention to how unique organisational practices—beyond the knowledge and attitudes of individuals—may abet and reinforce S&D. Application of a quality improvement (QI) approach in which facilities leverage routine measurement of S&D among healthcare workers and people living with HIV, team-based learning, root cause analysis, and tests of change offers a novel means through which to address S&D in local contexts and develop interventions to address individual-level and organisation-level drivers of S&D. To support the adoption of a QI approach to S&D reduction, the Southeast Asia Stigma Reduction QI Learning Network was launched with Ministries of Health from Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam, to co-develop strategies for implementing QI activities in participating facilities. Since the inception of Network activities in 2017, Ministry-led QI activities to address S&D have been implemented in 83 facilities and 29 provinces across participating countries. Moreover, 27 strategies and interventions have been tested to date and are being evaluated for scale up by participating facilities, spanning multiple drivers and organisational domains. Lessons learned through Network activities offer national-level and facility-level HIV programmes best practices for implementing a QI approach to S&D reduction.
Impact of moral injury on the lives of UK military veterans: a pilot study
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Greenberg N , Murphy D
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Research suggests that moral injury (MI) in US veterans is associated with poor psychological outcomes and disruption in functioning. However, little is known about how MI may impact UK Armed Forces (AF) veterans. This study aimed to explore the impact of MI on veteran psychological well-being and functioning.

Methods

Six veterans identified as having had exposure to MI and four clinicians who treated veterans with MI were recruited from a UK charitable organisation which provides psychological care for veterans. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

MI was perceived to cause substantial psychological distress in this sample. Our data suggest that some veterans held extremely negative self-appraisals which appeared to contribute towards and maintain their distress. Issues relating to spirituality following MI were thought to be infrequent; however, a loss of faith was perceived by clinicians to be more common in morally injured veterans than heightened spiritual/religious views. Several difficulties relating to employment were described, including increased trouble coping with occupational stress and authority figures. Interpersonal difficulties were frequently reported, with withdrawal from others often leading to relationship breakdown with spouses and children.

Conclusion

This study provides some of the first evidence of the impact of MI on UK AF veterans’ psychological, spiritual, social and day-to-day functioning all of which would pose challenges to clinicians aiming to manage such difficulties. These findings highlight several gaps in existing care provision for morally injured veterans, including addressing issues related to spirituality, employment and family functioning, which could ultimately improve veteran well-being.
A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Continued Influence of Misinformation in the Face of Correction: How Powerful Is It, Why Does It Happen, and How to Stop It?
Authors: Walter Nathan , Tukachinsky Riva
Published: June 2019

A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the extent of continued influence of misinformation in the face of correction and the theoretical explanations of this phenomenon. Aggregation of results from 32 studies ( N = 6,527) revealed that, on average, correction does not entirely eliminate the effect of misinformation ( r = –.05, p = .045). Corrective messages were found to be more successful when they are coherent, consistent with the audience’s worldview, and delivered by the source of the misinformation itself. Corrections are less effective if the misinformation was attributed to a credible source, the misinformation has been repeated multiple times prior to correction, or when there was a time lag between the delivery of the misinformation and the correction. These findings are consistent with predictions based on theories of mental models and offer concrete recommendations for practitioners.
An Evidence-Based Review and Meta-Analysis of Active Supervision
Authors: Gage Nicholas A. , Haydon Todd , MacSuga-Gage Ashley S. , Flowers Emily , Erdy Lyndsie
Published: June 2019

Active supervision—defined as circulating, scanning, interacting with students, and reinforcing demonstrations of expected academic and social behaviors by a teacher or other staff member—is often considered a component of safe and secure schools. Yet, the evidence base supporting the effectiveness of active supervision has not been synthesized or evaluated for its quality. Therefore, we conducted an evidence-based review and meta-analysis of empirical research evaluating the effects of active supervision in schools. We identified 12 research studies evaluating active supervision, assessed the quality of each study, and calculated effect sizes for student behaviors, including disruptive behavior. Results from the four studies meeting data requirements for estimating standardized mean difference effect sizes suggest that, on average, active supervision reduced problem behavior by almost 2.0 standard deviation units. Only four studies met the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) design standards and the results of those were mixed, thus not meeting the WWC evidence-based criteria. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Adenocarcinoma in situ in type I congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Authors: Santosham Rajan , Santosham Rajiv , Tirunagari Vamshidhar , Jacob Sheba SK
Published: June 2019

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation, previously known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, is a rare developmental anomaly of the lower respiratory tract. Widespread use of ultrasonography in the prenatal period has increased the rate of early diagnosis of congenital pulmonary airway malformations, thus adult presentation of this condition is extremely unusual. Adenocarcinoma in situ is seen very rarely in adolescent and adult patients with long-standing congenital pulmonary airway malformations. We describe a 28-year-old man with type I congenital pulmonary airway malformation with pulmonary Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutation positive mucinous adenocarcinoma in situ.
Reciprocal velocity-porosity general linear form provides consistent and systematic industry-wide applications
Authors: Ikwuakor Killian
Published: June 2019

Velocity is an important rock property that is required and used in different applications in petrophysics, rock physics, and seismic. The published literature shows a plethora of equations and models that relate velocity and porosity, a critical reservoir property. Attempts to account for the presence of shale in the formation invariably lead to more complicated relations. The inability of the industry to streamline these relations handicaps advancements in rock physics and formation evaluation, complicates the application of best practices in time-lapse seismic and fluid substitutions, and jeopardizes the integration of petrophysical, geologic, and seismic characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs. I have considered the following criteria to grade some of the different velocity-porosity relations in use today: (1) the significance of effective stress, (2) usefulness for interpreting geology, (3) predictive capability, and (4) universal applicability. Judging by these criteria, the general linear form, first prescribed by the late George R. Pickett, is the clear winner. The general linear form is a linear relationship between the reciprocal velocity and porosity. It passes theoretical and empirical justification. It is also valid for P- and S-wave velocities, yields easily to mathematical manipulation, and satisfies carbonate as well as clastic rocks for porosities encountered in everyday subsurface investigations. I evaluate practical examples in which the general linear form is the basis for multiple rock-typing criteria, comparative formation evaluation, and interpretive use of the [Formula: see text] ratio. Appropriate integration of the general linear form with other rock property relations provides avenues to redefine the [Formula: see text] ratio and acoustic impedance, and it expands the understanding and applications of reservoir elastic properties, as well as it constrains and streamlines rock physics models and applications.
A class of analytic pairs of conjugate functions in dimension three
Authors: Baird Paul , Ghandour Elsa
Published: June 2019

We exploit an ansatz in order to construct power series expansions for pairs of conjugate functions defined on domains of Euclidean 3-space. Convergence properties of the resulting series are investigated. Entire solutions which are not harmonic are found as well as a 2-parameter family of examples which contains the Hopf map.
Higgs bundles and fundamental group schemes
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Bruzzo Ugo , Gurjar Sudarshan
Published: June 2019

Relying on a notion of “numerical effectiveness” for Higgs bundles, we show that the category of “numerically flat” Higgs vector bundles on a smooth projective variety X is a Tannakian category. We introduce the associated group scheme, that we call the “Higgs fundamental group scheme of X,” and show that its properties are related to a conjecture about the vanishing of the Chern classes of numerically flat Higgs vector bundles.
The growth of the first non-Euclidean filling volume function of the quaternionic Heisenberg group
Authors: Gruber Moritz
Published: June 2019

The filling volume functions of the n-th quaternionic Heisenberg group grow, up to dimension n, as fast as the ones of the Euclidean space. We identify the growth rate of the filling volume function in dimension n + 1, which is strictly faster than the growth rate of the (n + 1)-dimensional filling volume function of the Euclidean space.
Increasing the attractiveness of the Zádielska dolina (“Zadiel Gorge“) in the area of modern climbing as a tourism development support tool
Authors: Selepová Jana
Published: June 2019

The Zádielska dolina (“Zadiel Gorge“) belongs to the most beautiful and from a natural science perspective to the most interesting landscape formations of the Slovak Karst. The area represents the National Nature Reserve in the National Park and is part the European Network of Protected Areas NATURA 2000. The site is characterized by climbing activity. This article provides suggestions of attractiveness in the field of climbing that respect the development of tourism in accordance with nature and landscape conservation. The basis for the proposals were theoretical knowledge, thorough analysis of the area and own experience with the issue. Recommendations from other climbing places and identification of problems between climbing and nature, have been key for us in making appropriate proposals. The increasing interest in adventure tourism, including climbing, means a global trend in tourism and therefore it is necessary to pay close attention to this issue.
Revitalised geotourism mining heritage potentials in the Posavje Folds
Authors: Golež Mateja
Published: June 2019

The territory of the Posavje Folds offers many geotourism potentials reflecting in particular in rich mining heritage. For a long time, local communities have considered them mainly in the context of local problems, but nowadays we may see individual examples of successful revitalization of cave chambers and mining structures. All that has given rise to fantastic stories about the mining wealth of the underground world and the mining heritage interpreted with modern approaches and new findings. In addition to managers and heritage owners, the revitalization process also includes scientists, artists, architects and educators who, each in their own way, contribute to a holistic perspective of the values of the past in light of contemporary understanding of this type of heritage. As a result, the territory has witnessed the revitalization of the medieval lead and silver mine Padež pri Laškem, the former Laško coal mine machine room, which was transformed into the Strojnica Gallery, and the polymineral mine Sitarjevec within the last five years. All mentioned examples are cases of abandoned mining activities with long-lasting mining tradition, which left an imprint in the area in terms of the diverse social structure of the population and in terms of town development, which also allows us to evaluate from a distance the contribution to the construction of the railway between Vienna and Trieste, which put these towns on the European map of centres of industrial significance in the mid-19th century. Trains that still connect the Austrian capital with the Adriatic coast may in future, in light of sustainable green tourism, attract curious guests to stop and linger a while, which is the ultimate goal of the attempts of local communities to revitalise mining heritage. Meanwhile, the goals set can only be realised with the help of new and attractive tourist products that reflect own creativity related with tradition ranging from design ideas, music events, art installations, popular science evenings; in short, with contents that are suited to visitors of all ages.
Residual stress affecting environmental damage in 7075-T651 alloy
Authors: Vasudevan A.K. , Sadananda K. , Pao P.S.
Published: June 2019

The role of tensile overload superimposed on a constant amplitude cycling results in compressive residual stresses at the crack tip that cause crack growth retardation. The degree to which this effect manifests depends on whether the tests are done at a constant driving force (Kmax) or at a constant crack growth rate (da/dN). It is observed that depending on the magnitude of the overload at a given applied base stress intensity, these residual stresses can have significant effect on the crack growth in both the inert (vacuum) and the chemical (NaCl) environments. In general, cracks will grow only if the total crack tip driving force Ktotal exceeds the long crack intrinsic threshold

K*

max,th

.

${\rm{K*}}_{{\rm{max,th}}}^{}.$

The crack growth retardation results can be attributed to the combined effects of the crack tip chemical reaction rates and the overload compressive residual stresses.
Reviving surgery with the smile, excitement, and Gemeinschaft concept: attempt at the Department of Surgery, Jikei University
Authors: Ohki Takao
Published: June 2019

Between 1994 and 2004, the number of surgeons in Japan declined by 18%, whereas the total number of medical doctors increased by 30% during the same period. This was due to the fact that the younger generation avoided tough working environments with long working hours. We attempted to revive surgery by reintroducing the good old Japanese community as the model under the slogan of “intimate community with excitement and sense of secureness”. In the absence of financial incentives, we were able to recruit young staff, and the number of surgeons at Jikei University has increased by 28% over the last 12 years and currently we have 280 surgeons. Our experience showed that although the younger generation is conscious about quality of life and financial success, they also value excitement, friendship, and happiness, something we were able to provide without financial spending. However, our success may be an exception and cannot be generalized; therefore, we should continue to strive to improve the surgeon’s quality of life by creating a better working environment, including sustainable work hours and decent financial incentives.
Dual weighted residual error estimation for the finite cell method
Authors: Stolfo Paolo Di , Rademacher Andreas , Schröder Andreas
Published: June 2019

The paper presents a goal-oriented error control based on the dual weighted residual method (DWR) for the finite cell method (FCM), which is characterized by an enclosing domain covering the domain of the problem. The error identity derived by the DWR method allows for a combined treatment of the discretization and quadrature error introduced by the FCM. We present an adaptive strategy with the aim to balance these two error contributions. Its performance is demonstrated for several two-dimensional examples.
Arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with and without continuous insulin infusion
Authors: Castro-Correia Cíntia , Moura Cláudia , Mota Cláudia , Santos-Silva Rita , Areias J. Carlos , Calhau Conceição , Fontoura Manuel
Published: June 2019

Background

Arterial stiffness is a consequence of aging, but there are several diseases that contribute to this process. The evaluation of pulse wave velocity (PWV) allows a dynamic evaluation of vascular distensibility and the detection of atherosclerosis at an early stage. It was intended to evaluate the PWV in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to compare their outcome according to the type of treatment used.

Methods

Forty-eight patients were randomly selected. Inclusion criteria: T1DM, under intensive insulin therapy (multiple daily insulin administrations [MDI] or continuous insulin infusion system [CIIS]). Exclusion criteria: existence of another chronic pathology or microvascular complications. Echocardiography was performed and three measurements of PWV were done, with their mean calculated.

Results

Most of the children and adolescents presented a PWV ≥ the 75th centile. There was a statistically significant difference for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (7.8 in CIIS vs. 9 in MDI, p < 0.05). There were not statistically significant differences in the PWV between the two groups. This can be attributed to the fact that children with CIIS are those who previously presented greater glycemic instability. There was a significant correlation between PWV and disease duration (Pearson’s correlation coefficient [r] = 0.314, p = 0.036).

Conclusions

This study showed that in children and adolescents with T1DM, there is an important prevalence of arterial stiffness, translated by an increase in PWV. This increase in PWV appears to exist even in very young children with little disease evolution time.
Democratization of Foreign Policy: India’s Experience with Paradiplomacy
Authors: Natarajan Aishwarya
Published: June 2019

Since the economic reforms of the 1990s, Indian states have largely contributed to India’s foreign policy decision-making in two critical areas, namely, economic diplomacy and influencing India’s foreign policy with its neighbours. Given India’s growing importance in the world arena, one would assume that Indian states will continue to have an increased role in its foreign policy decisions. However, the Indian Constitution was framed with the idea of a strong union government and the power to drive foreign policy initiatives continues to remain under the exclusive purview of the union government. There is no institutional framework that facilitates the involvement of the Indian states’ in foreign policy decision-making. States’ involvement is usually on an ad hoc basis and often pushed through by strong state level leaders or by the coalition compulsions. The article examines the Indian paradiplomacy experience to note that paradiplomacy has the potential to democratize foreign policy decision-making only if it is supported by a strong institutional framework. A fragmented practice of paradiplomacy to suit immediate political needs neither promotes democratization of foreign policy nor does it allows for a meaningful engagement of Indian states in the global governance debate.
Accounting for forgetfulness in dementia interaction
Authors: Svennevig Jan , Landmark Anne Marie Dalby
Published: June 2019

The article identifies and describes conversational practices used by persons with dementia and their interlocutors to account for the former’s lack of knowledge in cases where information about their personal experiences is made relevant and expectable at a specific point in a conversation. First, they may seek to normalize the lack of knowledge by claiming that it would be difficult for anyone to know or remember the information in question. Second, they may exceptionalize it by claiming that their cognitive or communicative impairment incidentally and temporarily disables them from accessing the information. Finally, they may justify their failure to provide information by claiming that it is not important, relevant or expectable that they should know. Such accounts dissociate the social character from the forgetfulness and thus constitute an attempt to avoid the loss of face associated with not remembering personal experiences. By specifying these conversational accounting practices, the study thus adds to existing knowledge on how participants handle the social sensitivity of typical dementia symptoms.
No time to care? Interactional hurriedness in a Japanese nursing home
Authors: Backhaus Peter
Published: June 2019

The research presented in this paper is based on audio-recordings from a Japanese care facility. I focus on interactional tempo differences between residents and staff. The analysis concentrates on two interrelated phenomena that can be taken as indications of hurriedness on the part of the care workers: overlaps and turn repetitions. Presenting examples for each of the two, I also show that the staff’s hurried performance does not necessarily result in a quicker completion of the care tasks. I go on to reflect on the staff’s likely reasons for doing “being in a hurry,” arguing that apart from real time pressures, the mere display of hurriedness can become an end in itself.
Processing gender stereotypes in dementia patients and older healthy adults: a self-paced reading study
Authors: Müller-Feldmeth Daniel , Ahnefeld Katharina , Hanulíková Adriana
Published: June 2019

We used self-paced reading to examine whether stereotypical associations of verbs with women or men as prototypical agents (e.g. the craftsman knits a sweater) are activated during sentence processing in dementia patients and healthy older adults. Effects of stereotypical knowledge on language processing have frequently been observed in young adults, but little is known about age-related changes in the activation and integration of stereotypical information. While syntactic processing may remain intact, semantic capacities are often affected in dementia. Since inferences based on gender stereotypes draw on social and world knowledge, access to stereotype information may also be affected in dementia patients. Results from dementia patients (n = 9, average age 86.6) and healthy older adults (n = 14, average age 79.5) showed slower reading times and less accuracy in comprehension scores for dementia patients compared to the control group. While activation of stereotypical associations of verbs was visible in both groups, they differed with respect to the time-course of processing. The effect of stereotypes on comprehension accuracy was visible for healthy adults only. The evidence from reading times suggests that older adults with and without dementia engage stereotypical inferences during reading, which is in line with research on young adults.
Taking the stance of quotidian in talking about pains: resilience and defiance
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshiko
Published: June 2019

In older Japanese women’s conversational interactions associated with psychologically challenging conditions such as experiences of illness and a husband’s death, there are segments told from a quotidian (or ordinary) perspective, i.e. a perspective that is affectively incongruous with the situation. With this quotidian (re)framing of their “painful” experiences, the participants collaboratively construct a quotidian positioning and stance, rather than the position that may be socially or contextually expected in the event or situation described in the conversation. This paper elaborates on the composition and social meaning of quotidian stance, referring to concepts such as frames, positioning, and stancetaking. The important psychological and social aspects of quotidian stancetaking in verbal interaction will be highlighted. One is that the performance of being quotidian in the context of retelling “painful” stories can index participants’ psychological resilience in difficult and extraordinary situations. This can help the participants regain normality in abnormal situations. Another is that such quotidian performance against the backdrop of the socially-held negative stereotypes of older people can index defiance to such sociocultural expectations.
Expression of CENPE and its prognostic role in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hao Xuezhi , Qu Tao
Published: June 2019

Background

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. This study was to investigate the expression and significance of CENPE in NSCLC.

Method

Collecting information about CENPE in the Oncoming database, and perform a further analysis of the data in the current database to conduct a meta-analysis for its functional role in NSCLC. Patient life cycle analysis using Kaplan-Meier Plotter and GEPIA databases are used to perform patient survival analysis.

Result

A total of 12 studies involved the expression of CENPE in NSCLC cancer tissues and normal tissues, including 1195 samples. CENPE was highly expressed in NSCLC cell carcinoma compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of CENPE was correlated with the overall survival rate of CENPE. The overall survival rate of patients with high expression of CENPE was poor, and the prognosis of patients with low expression of CENPE was better (P<0.05).

Conclusion

We propose high expression of CENPE in NSLCL tissue is related to the prognosis of NSCLC, which may provide important basis for the development of tumor drugs.
The crystal structure of N′-((1E,2E)-4-(7-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-8-yl)-2-methylbut-2-en-1-ylidene)-3-methylbenzohydrazide, C23H22N2O4
Authors: Yu Xiang , Zhao You-Fang , Qin Yan , Yan Jing , Chen Ya-Fang
Published: June 2019

C23H22N2O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 17.7478(4) Å, b = 10.0041(2) Å, c = 24.4749(6) Å, β = 111.111(2)°, V = 4053.88(17) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt
(F) = 0.0614, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1749, T = 290 K.
Bulgarian-English Code-switching in Internet Forum Communication: The BG-mamma Case
Authors: Todorova Bilyana Bozhinova
Published: June 2019

The aim of the paper is to introduce the author's observations on the influence that English has on the Bulgarian forum "Netspeak" for women living in the USA. The collected data for the investigation are excerpted from a Bulgarian forum platform. The emphasis is on code-switching, one of the main topics in sociolinguistics; as well as on the interlanguage, which is a result of the penetration of some elements from English into the first language of communicators. The orthography may also be influenced as in Bulgaria the Cyrillic alphabet is used.

The informal situation is a prerequisite for the mixed style use, especially in vocabulary. Different topics have been observed and discussed by users in the forum: the choice of baby accessories; baggage loss in airports; child diseases, child physical and mental development, etc.

The investigated forum discussion includes 52,020 lexical items. Excerpted English words are few - only 1.5%. Most of them are nouns because of their easy grammatical adaptation. The verb group is not affected so noticeably. The Bulgarian verbal system is very complicated and English verbs used in Bulgarian context are grammatically adapted. There are some exceptions when people use ready-made constructions like idioms and phrasal verbs.
Warum wir eine geschlechtersensible Public Health-Lehre brauchen!
Authors: Schreitmüller Julia , Pfleiderer Bettina
Published: June 2019

Geschlechtersensible Gesundheitsversorgung umfasst eine interdisziplinäre Perspektive, die den meisten Gesundheitsbereichen eine neue Dimension eröffnen sollte. Um dies zu ermöglichen, ist eine entsprechende Ausbildung zukünftiger Public Healther*innen notwendig. Wichtig für die Public Health Lehre ist dabei die Vermittlung geschlechtersensibler Fragestellungen (z.B. bezüglich Ätiologie) und Analysen (z.B. Stratifizierung) sowie die Integration geschlechtergerechter Didaktik und interdisziplinärer Projekte (z.B. gemeinsam mit der Geschlechterforschung).
„Anders den Frauen und anders den Männern“ – Differentielle Einflüsse von Arbeitslosigkeit auf die psychische Gesundheit
Authors: Paul Karsten Ingmar , Zechmann Andrea , Moser Klaus
Published: June 2019

Das Geschlecht beeinflusst den Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und psychischer Gesundheit. Metaanalysen zeigen, dass der Befindensunterschied zwischen Arbeitslosen und Erwerbstätigen bei Männern größer ausfällt als bei Frauen. Gängige theoretische Argumente haben allerdings Schwierigkeiten zu erklären, warum sich arbeitslose Männer dennoch besser fühlen als arbeitslose Frauen.
Geschlecht und Gesundheit in der Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes. Konzepte und neue Herausforderungen
Authors: Rommel Alexander , Pöge Kathleen , Krause Laura , Ludwig Sabine , Prütz Franziska , Saß Anke Christine , Strasser Sarah , Ziese Thomas
Published: June 2019

Die Gesundheitsberichterstattung (GBE) informiert über die gesundheitliche Lage von Frauen und Männern. Geschlechtergruppen werden derzeit eher homogen dargestellt. Unterschiede innerhalb der Gruppen und auch das Thema der geschlechtlichen und sexuellen Vielfalt finden bislang wenig Beachtung. Die GBE steht daher vor der Frage, wie sozial und geschlechterbezogen angemessen differenziert werden kann. Das Potenzial des Ansatzes der Intersektionalität soll künftig auf seine Nutzbarkeit in der GBE geprüft werden.
Does vitamin D prevent radiotherapy-induced toxicity?
Authors: Cihan Yasemin Benderli
Published: June 2019

Vitamin D is known as the bone hormone, it is also know that it has effects on cancer because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory characteristics and its effects on cytokine levels. It is seen that vitamin D use together with radiotherapy can have a positive effect on cancer treatment. It should be investigated whether toxicities due to radiation is prevented by vitamin D metabolites’ increasing the induction of immunomodulator cells and the capacities of immune response cells. Use of 1,25[OH]2 Vitamin D3 analogs as an adjuvant immunomodulator for patients receiving radiotherapy should be evaluated. There is a need for studies to be done in this regard.