bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prerequisites for the formation of the readiness of future teachers to work in an inclusive educational environment
Authors:   Saratov State University, Alexandrova Natalia Alekseevna , Gavrilova Ekaterina Alexandrovna ,   Saratov State University
Published: May 2022

The article examines the prerequisites for the formation of the readiness of future teachers to work in an inclusive educational environment. The research is based on the hypothesis that future teachers express their attitude to inclusive education through the prism of their existing socio-pedagogical experience. The purpose of the article is to identify the prerequisites for the formation of the readiness of future teachers to work in an inclusive educational environment based on existing socio-pedagogical experience. Methodology and methods of research. The article presents the results of two studies conducted in the spring of 2018 and in the spring of 2022 in order to identify the attitude of future and current teachers to inclusive learning. The study was conducted by the method of questioning randomly selected groups of future teachers, teachers of secondary schools, teachers of institutions of secondary vocational education and university teachers and allowed to identify the attitude of respondents to inclusive education. The conclusion concludes that it is necessary to purposefully systematically train teachers to work with children with special educational needs and opportunities. Such training can be carried out as part of the study of specialized academic disciplines, involvement in social design, which contributes to the development of future teachers to develop the competencies necessary for successful professional activity.
The Potential of Professional Networks in the Formation of Teachers’ Readiness to Exchange Knowledge
Authors:   Chelyabinsk Institute of Retraining and Improvement of Professional Skill of Educators, Selivanova Elena Anatolevna
Published: May 2022

Problem and goal. The article actualizes the problem of improving the quality of Russian education by creating conditions for continuous professional development of teachers. It is proposed to intensify the knowledge exchange between them by means of network professional communities. The goal of the article is to describe the potential of network professional communities in the formation of teachers’ readiness to exchange knowledge. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is a synergetic approach, according to which professional relationships motivate teachers to obtain new knowledge. The network professional community is a single developing and non-linear organism that stimulates professional growth of teachers. Research results. The author’s solutions for the implementation of knowledge exchange in professional communications are described. They were embodied in both formal ways of educating teachers (advanced training, professional retraining) and informal (network professional communities, webinars of current educational problems). The process of forming teachers’ readiness to exchange knowledge is characterized: subjects, methods, and means are presented. The potential of network professional communities acting as a space for updating the methodological solutions of educators and discussion of current problems of teaching modern schoolchildren is indicated. The conclusion is that online professional communities contain the potential to build educators’ readiness to exchange knowledge, and therefore need to improve the tools used for knowledge exchange.
Organization of the process of professional socialization of the younger generations in Canada and New Zealand
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, Petrishchev Vladimir Innokentievich , Grass Tatiana Petrovna ,   St. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, Krasheninnikova Anastasia ,   Krasnoyarsk state Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafiev
Published: May 2022

The article actualizes the problem of organizing the process of professional socialization of the younger generations in Canada and New Zealand. A number of effective mechanisms and approaches implemented in English-speaking countries are described, while focusing on the fact that a feature of the organization of the process of professional socialization in Canada was the shift in the focus of career guidance to the opportunities of school graduates through the content of the concept of “life strategy” to consciously make a professional choice. In New Zealand, professional socialization is associated with the professional activities of the teacher, which is implemented in schools with a focus solely on the development of entrepreneurial activity and the involvement of the younger generation in business. The relevance of this topic is determined by its relatively low level of study in the Russian pedagogy, including comparative pedagogy. The purpose of the article is to identify and characterize the problem of organizing the process of professional socialization of the younger generations in Canada and New Zealand. The authors analyze the main directions and describe a number of successful initiatives implemented in these countries that contribute to the successful organization of the process of professional socialization of the younger generations. Methodology and research methods. An analysis of the scientific literature on the organization of the process of professional socialization of the younger generations in the two countries we studied showed the importance of this type of organization of the process of professional socialization of the younger generations. Research results. The article emphasizes that in the third decade of the 21st century, the concept of “life strategy”, implemented in Canada, allows the younger generation to make a conscious professional choice. Unlike Canada, the organization of the process of professional socialization of the younger generations in New Zealand is mainly focused on the development of entrepreneurial activity and the involvement of the younger generation in business. Conclusion. The study of the organization of the process of professional socialization in Canada and New Zealand is of great theoretical and practical importance for preparing the younger generations for life and professional activity. The study of the positive experience of these countries may be important for understanding, enriching and the possibility of its use in practice in Russia, taking into account the cultural characteristics of our country.
Pathogenetic Approach to Early Preeclampsia and the Feasibility of Pregnancy Prolongation
Authors: Belotserkovtseva L. D. , Kovalenko L. V. , Pankratov V. V. , Zinin V. N.
Published: May 2022

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of cascade plasma filtration (CPF) for the correction of lipid profile and biochemical markers (sFlt-1, PIGF, sFlt-1/PIGF) in pregnant women with early preeclampsia.   Materials and Methods. A prospective controlled study of 23 CPF procedures was conducted in 11 pregnant women with early preeclampsia at gestational ages 22 to 31 weeks. The evolution of clinical manifestations of preeclampsia (BP, urine output, and proteinuria), laboratory biochemical parameters (protein/creatinine ratio, lipid profile), blood coagulation tests, and thromboelastometry (ROTEM) were assessed. In addition, the effect of CPF on the level of preeclampsia markers (sFlt-1, PIGF, sFlt-1/PIGF-ratio) as predictors of endothelial aggression was analyzed. The efficacy of extracorporeal therapy was evaluated based on the duration of pregnancy prolongation.   Results. The use of CPF as an adjunct for the treatment of early preeclampsia had a positive effect on the lipid profile by reducing cholesterol and LDL, which helped to decrease atherogenic aggression on the vascular endothelium. In addition, the extracorporeal therapy promoted reduction of the anti-angiogenic effect of sFlt-1, which was confirmed by a significant decrease in the sFlt-1/PIGF ratio from 515 [347; 750] to 378 [285; 557] (P = 0.013). The period of prolongation of pregnancy was longer in the main group (with CPF) and was 19 [5; 26] days, whereas in the comparison group (without CPF) it was 3 [1; 4] days (P < 0.001). All newborns were discharged from the hospital in a stable condition. The paper is supplemented with a clinical observation of the effective use of CPF in early preeclampsia.

   Conclusion. The use of cascade plasma filtration in the treatment of early preeclampsia to prolong pregnancy could be a promising approach.
Changes in Resting fMRI Networks in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury During Therapeutic Rhythmic Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Case Report)
Authors: Zigmantovich A. S. , Sharova E. V. , Kopachka M. М. , Smirnov A. S. , Alexandrova E. V. , Kotovich Yu. V. , Deza-Araujo Ya. I. , Stern M. V. , Troshina E. M. , Pronin I. N.
Published: May 2022

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) accompanied by impaired consciousness manifesting as prolonged postcoma unawareness (PCU) is one of the current medical and social problems causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Difficult recovery of such patients necessitates the development of additional neurorehabilitation approaches, including neuromodulation methods, as well as the search for objective markers of treatment efficacy.   Aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of therapeutic rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on fMRI resting state networks (RSN) in PCU after severe TBI.   Materials and Methods. We analyzed individual fMRI RSN in three patients with PCU before and after a course of rTMS performed at different timepoints after severe TBI and with different efficacy of treatment. We assessed the topography and quantitative characteristics of the networks (DMN, sensorimotor, control functions, left and right fronto-parietal, auditory, and speech) known to be most significant for recovery of consciousness.   Results. We found a trend toward normalization of RSN topography as well as an increase in the integral index of network intensity in two of three patients with a distinct increase in consciousness after a course of rTMS.   Conclusion. Using case observations, we have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS and feasibility of using fMRI RSN as a reliable diagnostic approach in PCU following severe TBI.
Toward Integration of Life Course Intervention and Youth Participatory Action Research
Authors: Ozer Emily J. , Sprague Martinez Linda , Abraczinskas Michelle , Villa Brian , Prata Ndola
Published: May 2022

We provide an overview of diverse forms of youth participation, with a focus on youth participatory action research (YPAR) and its synergies with life course intervention research to promote healthier development for young people and across the life span. We analyze why YPAR matters for research, practice, and policies related to the systems and settings in which young people develop. We also illustrate how young people perform YPAR work to improve the developmental responsiveness and equity of school and health systems, including descriptions of an innovative youth-led health center in Rwanda and a long-standing and evolving integration of YPAR into public high schools in the United States. We then briefly consider the adult capacities needed to do this work well, given that YPAR challenges typical youth-adult power relationships and broader assumptions about who can generate expert knowledge. We consider the alignment and potential challenges for integration of life course intervention research as well as YPAR and next steps for research and practice at this intersection.
A Framework for Cross-Sector Partnerships to Address Childhood Adversity and Improve Life Course Health
Authors: Liu Patrick Y. , Beck Andrew F. , Lindau Stacy Tessler , Holguin Monique , Kahn Robert S. , Fleegler Eric , Henize Adrienne W. , Halfon Neal , Schickedanz Adam
Published: May 2022

Childhood adversity and its structural causes drive lifelong and intergenerational inequities in health and well-being. Health care systems increasingly understand the influence of childhood adversity on health outcomes but cannot treat these deep and complex issues alone. Cross-sector partnerships, which integrate health care, food support, legal, housing, and financial services among others, are becoming increasingly recognized as effective approaches address health inequities. What principles should guide the design of cross-sector partnerships that address childhood adversity and promote Life Course Health Development (LCHD)? The complex effects of childhood adversity on health development are explained by LCHD concepts, which serve as the foundation for a cross-sector partnership that optimizes lifelong health. We review the evolution of cross-sector partnerships in health care to inform the development of an LCHD-informed partnership framework geared to address childhood adversity and LCHD. This framework outlines guiding principles to direct partnerships toward life course–oriented action: (1) proactive, developmental, and longitudinal investment; (2) integration and codesign of care networks; (3) collective, community and systemic impact; and (4) equity in praxis and outcomes. Additionally, the framework articulates foundational structures necessary for implementation: (1) a shared cross-sector theory of change; (2) relational structures enabling shared leadership, trust, and learning; (3) linked data and communication platforms; and (4) alternative funding models for shared savings and prospective investment. The LCHD-informed cross-sector partnership framework presented here can be a guide for the design and implementation of cross-sector partnerships that effectively address childhood adversity and advance health equity through individual-, family-, community-, and system-level intervention.
Interventions for High-Burden Infectious Diseases in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Durray Shahwar A. , Naseem Rabia , Salam Rehana A. , Lassi Zohra S , Das Jai K. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Approximately 2.2 million deaths were reported among school-age children and young people in 2019, and infectious diseases remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in low and middle-income countries. We aim to synthesize evidence on interventions for high-burden infectious diseases among children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years.

METHODS

We conducted a comprehensive literature search until December 31, 2020. Two review authors independently screened studies for relevance, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias.

RESULTS

We included a total of 31 studies, including 81 596 participants. Sixteen studies focused on diarrhea; 6 on tuberculosis; 2 on human immunodeficiency virus; 2 on measles; 1 study each on acute respiratory infections, malaria, and urinary tract infections; and 2 studies targeted multiple diseases. We did not find any study on other high burden infectious diseases among this age group. We could not perform meta-analysis for most outcomes because of variances in interventions and outcomes. Findings suggests that for diarrhea, water treatment, water filtration, and zinc supplementation have some protective effect. For tuberculosis, peer counseling, contingency contract, and training of health care workers led to improvements in tuberculosis detection and treatment completion. Continuation of cotrimoxazole therapy reduced the risk of tuberculosis and hospitalizations among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and reduced measles complications and pneumonia cases among measles-infected children. Zinc supplementation led to a faster recovery in urinary tract infections with a positive effect in reducing symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

There is scarcity of data on the effectiveness of interventions for high-burden infectious diseases among school-aged children and adolescents.
Interventions to Improve Immunization Coverage Among Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Siddiqui Faareha A. , Padhani Zahra A. , Salam Rehana A. , Aliani Razia , Lassi Zohra S. , Das Jai K. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Vaccinations are recognized as a feasible, cost-effective public health intervention for reducing the burden and associated mortality of many infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of potential interventions to improve the uptake of vaccines among children and adolescents.

METHODS

We performed a literature search until December 2020. Eligible studies were identified using Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, and other sources. We included studies conducted on children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years. Studies comprised of hospitalized children and those with comorbid conditions were excluded. Two authors independently performed the meta-analysis.

RESULTS

Findings from 120 studies (123 articles), of which 95 were meta-analyzed, reveal that vaccination education may increase overall vaccination coverage by 19% (risk ratio [RR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.26), reminders by 15% (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.11–1.18), interventions for providers by 13% (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07–1.19), financial incentives by 67% (RR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.40–1.99), and multilevel interventions by 25% (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10–1.41). The impact of school-based clinics and policy and legislation on overall vaccination coverage is still uncertain, and no impact of a multicomponent intervention on overall vaccination coverage was found.

CONCLUSIONS

Educational interventions, reminders, provider-directed interventions, financial incentives, and multilevel interventions may improve vaccination coverage among school-aged children and adolescents.
Mental Health and Positive Development Prevention Interventions: Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Harrison Leila , Sharma Naeha , Irfan Omar , Zaman Michele , Vaivada Tyler , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: May 2022

CONTEXT

Previous reviews of mental health interventions have focused on adolescents (10–19 years), with a paucity of comprehensive evidence syntheses on preventive interventions for school-aged children (5–10 years).

OBJECTIVE

To summarize and synthesize the available evidence from systematic reviews of mental health and positive development interventions for children aged 5–14.9 years in both high-income (HIC) and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), with a focus on preventive and promotive strategies.

DATA SOURCES

This overview includes all relevant reviews from OVID Medline, The Cochrane Library, and Campbell Systematic Reviews through December 2020.

STUDY SELECTION

We included systematic reviews that synthesized empirical studies using experimental or quasi-experimental designs to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in children aged 5–14.9 years.

DATA EXTRACTION

Data extraction and quality assessment were completed independently and in duplicate by two review authors. The AMSTAR2 tool was used to assess methodological quality.

RESULTS

We included 162 reviews. The greatest evidence was found in support of school-based universal and anti-bullying interventions in predominantly HIC. Moderate evidence was found for the use of substance abuse prevention, and early learning and positive development interventions in mixed settings. In LMIC-only contexts, the most promising evidence was found for positive youth development programs.

LIMITATIONS

The review was primarily limited by paucity of high-quality research due to methodological issues and high heterogeneity.

CONCLUSIONS

This overview of reviews highlights the need for further research to consolidate findings and understand the specific criteria involved in creating positive mental health and development outcomes from the various interventions considered.
COMPLETE RECORDING OF COURT BY TECHNICAL MEANS: LEGAL REGULATION, CONTENT AND FUNCTIONS
Authors: Ostafiichuk L. A.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the principle of full fixation of the trial by technical means in the procedural legislation of Ukraine using an interdisciplinary approach. It was found that with the exception of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, all current procedural codes of Ukraine contain provisions which establishes the obligation of means using the full recording of the trial court including those of the product of the recording – record the court hearing made by technical means. In the commercial, administrative and civil proceedings kinds trial recording can take place not only in court but also outside the court session, the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine stipulates that full recording of court hearings and procedural actions with the help of audio and video recording equipment is provided not only during the trial, but also in the cases provided for by this Code during the pre-trial investigation. As a result it is justified that the concept of “litigation” is much broader than the concept of “court hearing” and in the context of the constitutional principle of justice – “completeness of fixation by technical means” – to correctly use the concept of “litigation” and not “court hearing or proceedings”. With international experience analysis of the interaction principles of transparency, openness and publicity of the principle of full trial recording by technical means. It is proved that the consolidation at the level of the Constitution of Ukraine and the procedural legislation of Ukraine of the obligatory recording by technical means of the course of the court session is a necessary addition to the principle of publicity. In order to ensure the openness of the content of the court hearing to the participants of the relevant process and the general public. It is determined that further digitalization of court activities and litigation will lead to a new reading of the traditional principles of litigation. It is substantiated that the completeness of recording the trial by technical means should be ensured by all available means to fully reflect information about events that are recorded to ensure awareness of information that is important for assessment not only by the court in making court decisions but also participants and the public. It is determined that the functions of full recording of the trial by technical means are: fixing, information, technical and modernization, educational, preventive and procedural economy.
MARRIAGE RELATIONS AS THE MAIN LEGAL CATEGORY OF FAMILY LAW: ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION IN UKRAINE AND THE UAE
Authors: Karpenko R. V. , Tarasenko S. H.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the problematic aspects of the settlement of the institution of marriage, as well as the comparative characteristics of the conditions of marriage in Ukraine and the UAE. The family is a special legal category that arises between individuals as a result of the conclusion and registration of marital relations, therefore, the study of marital relations in this context remains quite relevant. In the context of conducting a comprehensive study, the peculiarities of the settlement of marital relations were highlighted, taking into account the problematic aspects of this legal relationship. The comparative analysis of features of marital relations in the UAE and in Ukraine in the aspect of their termination is carried out, similar and distinctive features are allocated. Within the framework of the article, a number of problematic issues concerning the moment of marriage and their further settlement are investigated. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the legal nature of marital relations and the characteristics of marital relations in Ukraine from the early stages to the present. In the context of the above, a detailed study of the historical stages of marriage, provided their full characteristics, a comparative analysis of marital relations of those times and today. The question of interpretation of the definition of marriage, marital relations and highlighting the key features of their legislative regulation received a detailed study and understanding. Considerable attention was paid to the analysis of normative legal acts that formed the basis of legislative consolidation of marital and family relations; it is proposed to update the Family Code of Ukraine and regulate in more detail the conditions of marriage at the legislative level. The legal categories of "marital and family relations" and "marital relations" were distinguished, which are clearly distinguished from each other, because family law considers marital relations by separating them from family ones, which leads to legal conflicts in practice.
ON THE ISSUE OF INTRODUCING THE TERM «COMPLIANCE» IN THE BUSINESS FIELD IN UKRAINE
Authors: Korshun A. V.
Published: May 2022

The article examines the issue of transferring in Ukrainian the term of foreign origin «compliance», which is becoming more common in the business field in Ukraine and at the same time has variability in approaches to its transfer in Ukrainian. The author studies the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of terminology, on the basis of which the proof of the argument on the use of the concept of compliance in the business field is built. In this regard, the paper analyzes the etymology of the word «compliance», gives the ways of its origin, and proves the international nature of the concept of compliance through the study of its designation in the languages of different language families and groups, namely: Czech, Mongolian, German, Japanese, French and Spanish. The author investigates the use of the Ukrainian term «комплаєнс» transliterated from English in Ukrainian science and legislation to designate the term «compliance», as well as variations of the translation of the term «compliance» with the specifically Ukrainian words «дотримання» and «відповідність». The article analyzes the expediency of alternative notation of the concept through the use of the specifically Ukrainian words «дотримання» or «відповідність» compared with the use of its transliterated counterpart through the prism of the nature of the compliance concept, the goals of implementing this phenomenon in Ukraine, its consistency and transfer of terms related to the term «комплаєнс». The author concludes that the Ukrainianlanguage terms for «compliance» using translated phrases do not meet the requirements for terminological units, and at the same time highlights the advantages of using the term transliterated from English. The article also proves the expediency of using the international term «compliance» as a transliterated lexical unit in the business field considering the globalization and European integration processes that affect the representatives of domestic business. The paper identifies prospective research areas of the term «комплаєнс» and provides recommendations for its unification in the legislation of Ukraine, in particular, in banking and anti-corruption legislation.
ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE SPHERE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Authors: Zavydniak I. O.
Published: May 2022

The article examines the problems of the formation and development of the main institutions of international cooperation in the field of criminal procedure. The doctrinal approaches and norms of the first international treaties in this area are analyzed. The first institutions and directions of international cooperation in the field of criminal procedure are outlined, their specificity and features are revealed. It is noted that the first legal institution in the field of international cooperation, which later became directly related to the sphere of criminal procedure, was the institution of extradition (this institution, throughout its history, has been and remains a system consisting of several procedures by which one sovereign issues another sovereign a person (criminal) who has committed a crime and is wanted). Attention is focused on the fact that from ancient times until the end of the seventeenth century, extradition was not an institution of international law, let alone a criminal process. The vast majority of extradition cases were caused by political or religious circumstances, but not by the need for mutual assistance in the framework of the criminal process. Therefore, most of the known treaties of this period provided for the extradition of exclusively political and religious criminals or defectors. It is noted that similar tendencies of the institution of extradition were characteristic in the territory of Ukraine. An outstanding role in the formation of the foundations of international cooperation in the territory of Kууivs’ka Rus’ was played by «Russian Truth», which contained the norms of criminal, inheritance, commercial and procedural legislation. It was determined that from the 17th century the first scientific comments and principles of international cooperation in the fight against crime began to appear, and the foundation was laid for the formation in the doctrine of international law of the concept, which is defined in our time as the commission of criminal prosecution at the request of a foreign state. The periodization of international cooperation in the field of criminal procedure has been developed, namely, six historical periods have been identified, each of which has its own type of legal regulation.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF JUVENILE CRIME
Authors: Syzonenko A. S.
Published: May 2022

In the article the author considers theoretical bases of definition of concept of juvenile crime. It is noted that criminally illegal activity is one of the main problems that destabilizes a number of important social relations in the state. Quite a significant percentage of the total number of criminal offenses are committed by minors, which indicates that modern criminal law and criminological measures and tools do not fully meet the requirements of today’s realities. Attention is drawn to the fact that using the concept of “juvenile delinquency”, most scholars do not resort to the disclosure of its content and do not offer its definition. At the same time, based on the general context in which this concept is used, and use it as a synonym for the concept of “juvenile delinquency”. It is pointed out that given Ukraine’s strategic course towards European and Euro-Atlantic integration (as provided by the Constitution of Ukraine), it should be taken into account that the term “juvenile crime” is more semantically close to the English term “Juvenile Delinquency”, known in foreign countries. The author points out that the inclusion in the content of this concept of juvenile delinquency is impractical, as each of the two above-mentioned segments of crime has its own specifics, and they should be separated from each other, including the use of different terminology. It is stated that taking into account the position on the synonymous connection of the concepts of “juvenile crime” and “juvenile delinquency”, to refine scientific approaches to the definition of juvenile delinquency and its features, it is advisable to rely on existing scientific provisions on the concept of juvenile delinquency, more detailed theoretical development. It is concluded that the modern domestic criminal law doctrine needs to be improved in terms of improving the conceptual and categorical apparatus, special attention should be paid to juvenile criminal activity.
PROSPECTS OF DETERMINING THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT JURISDICTION REGARDING ECOCIDE
Authors: Shumilo O. M.
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the possibilities and the need to determine the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court on ecocide. The paper considers the essence and core features of ecocide as a crime against humanity under international criminal and environmental law. The author has examined the legislation of the countries that either distinguish this crime or include it in the structure of other crimes. The paper also highlights the conventions prohibiting the use of methods or means of warfare that intend to cause or actually cause severe long-term damage to the environment. The definition of the ecocide, which is no longer connected only to armed hostilities, has been provided according to the findings from a group of international experts. The constituent elements of this definition have been analyzed, namely: needless, severe, widespread, long-term and environment. Emphasis has been placed on the fact that there is a problem with the existing definition of ecocide in the Rome Statute, which links this crime exclusively to the conduct of hostilities. At this point, it would be more reasonable to connect it to the activities of the state, which is not necessarily aimed at achieving military superiority. Therefore, the next step would be to develop a rule on international criminal liability for environmental damage, regardless of the fact of hostilities. It has been stressed that according to national practice, in recent years, law enforcement agencies have initiated a remarkable number of criminal proceedings under Art. 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (ecocide), but failed to bring them to justice due to the shortcomings of the legislation. The blanket character of this norm presupposes the obligation to define the concept of 'environmental catastrophe'. The paper further elaborated on an example of a particular criminal proceeding under investigation of the Security Service of Ukraine. The suspicion was based on the reference to Art. 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and on the facts of air pollution and poisoning of air, water resources and soil, which could lead to an environmental catastrophe. It has been concluded that determining the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court on ecocide in peacetime will save the planet from destruction.
Paulo Emilio Sales Gomes entre seus contemporâneos (1954-1960)
Authors: Turibio Thiago
Published: May 2022

Este artigo analisa a inserção de Paulo Emilio Sales Gomes no subcampo da crítica de cinema paulista por meio de seus escritos da segunda metade dos anos 1950. Para tanto, buscamos, de início, descrever a correlação de forças no campo cinematográfico. A descrição do campo nos permitiu rever a validade do esquema que divide a crítica entre “esteticistas” e “críticos-históricos”. Antes que verificar diferenças no pormenor do método de avaliação, argumentamos que a crítica na década de 1950 se dividia, sobretudo, entre sensibilidades políticas distintas. Assim, a pesquisa indica que Paulo Emilio se destaca ao trafegar entre os diferentes grupos da crítica sem aderir integralmente a quaisquer das partes. O corpus analisado neste artigo foi composto por críticas e ensaios sobre cinema publicados na imprensa na década de 1950. Mobilizamos na análise os conceitos de campo e de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu com o objetivo de indicar as condicionantes sociais que explicam, em parte, as tomadas de posição da crítica no período, bem como ferramentas da análise de discurso francesa.
Evolutionary ethnobiology
Authors: Ferreira Júnior Washington Soares , Medeiros Patricia Muniz , Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino
Published: May 2022

Ethnobiology is a discipline that deals with understanding the relationship between human beings and biota. The strong interdisciplinary component of ethnobiology allows it to interact with different fields of knowledge. The evolutionary approach in ethnobiology is not completely absent, however it lacks systematization, which has been recently proposed. From this proposal, the evolutionary ethnobiology emerged. This approach studies the relations between human groups and biota from theoretical scenarios of ecology and evolution. Here we present the evolutionary ethnobiology, its key concepts, the theoretical scenarios with which it dialogues.
lnc-THRIL and miR-125b relate to disease risk, severity, and imbalance of Th1 cells/Th2 cells in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Song Ji , Liu Dan , Yin Weizhi
Published: May 2022

Objective: Tumor necrosis factor and HNRNPL-related immunoregulatory long noncoding RNA (lnc-THRIL) and its target microRNA (miR)-125b are reported to regulate immune response through several means by participating in allergic rhinitis (AR) pathology. This study aimed to investigate the role of lnc-THRIL and miR-125b in detecting AR risk, and to further explore their correlation with disease severity and cytokines released from T helper type (Th) 1 and Th2 in AR patients.
Methods: A total of 160 AR patients and 80 subjects with severe snoring symptoms (as controls) were recruited. Nasal mucosa samples were collected to measure the expressions of lnc-THRIL, miR-125b, and Th1 and Th2 cytokines by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Results: The expression of lnc-THRIL decreased while that of miR-125b increased in AR patients when compared with that of controls, and further receiver operating characteristic curve showed that both could well distinguish AR patients from controls. Furthermore, lnc-THRIL negatively correlated with miR-125b in AR patients. lnc-THRIL was negatively correlated with Individual Nasal Symptom Score (INSS) (including nasal rhinorrhea score, sneezing score, and congestion score) and Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), and miR-125b was positively associated with INSS (including itching score, sneezing score, and congestion score) and TNSS. Moreover, lnc-THRIL was correlated with increased Th1 cytokines (interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2) but with decreased Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), while miR-125b exhibited opposite trends in AR patients.
Conclusion: lnc-THRIL and its target (miR-125b) relate to disease risk, symptom severity, and Th1/Th2 imbalance of AR, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for AR management.
Momordica charantia polysaccharides alleviate diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by regulating intestinal inflammation and barrier via NF-κB pathway
Authors: Ji Shanyun , Zhang Qing
Published: May 2022

Background: Momordica charantia exerts anti-inflammatory effect against ulcerative colitis. Momordica charantia polysaccharides (MCPs) attenuate gastritis through inhibition of ethanol-induced inflammatory response.
Objective: The role of MCPs in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is investigated.
Materials and Methods: Chemical stimulation followed by acute and chronic pressure stimulation was used to establish rats model with IBS-D. The model rats were then administrated with MCPs. Defecation frequency, fecal water content and abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score were then recorded. Pathologic changes in the colonic tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Inflammation was detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess intestinal mucosal permeability.
Results: First, IBS-D of mice wasIBS-D ratsmice exhibited many abnormal clinical manifestations, including increased frequency of defecation, fecal water content, and abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score. Second, the mice were administrated with MCPs, which reduced frequency of defecation, fecal water content, and AWR score, and 100-mg/kg MCPs indicated therapeutic effect on IBS-D mice equivalent to rifaximin. Moreover, MCPs also ameliorated pathologic changes in the colonic tissues of IBS-D mice. Third, inflammatory response in IBS-D mice was also suppressed by MCPs through up-regulation of Interleukin (IL)-10, and down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin(IL)-1β, and IL-6. MCPs enhanced levels of occludin (OCLN) and zona occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) in IBS-D mice to improve intestinal mucosal permeability. Finally, phosphorylation of p65 in IBS-D mice was reduced by MCP treatment.
Conclusion: MCPs ameliorated intestinal permeability and repressed intestinal inflammation to attenuate IBS-D by inactivating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling.
Effect of Non-Slip Socks-Induced Foot Stability on Agility in Healthy Elderly Women
Authors: Jeong Tae-Seok , Joo Chang-Hwa
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES The risk of falls increases due to decrease in balance ability in elderly. A safe environment that can prevent slipping in daily life is required to prevent falls. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of socks with non-slip pads on improving foot stability and balance in the elderly.METHODS Sixteen older women aged 67-87years complete tests while wearing non-slip socks and/or normal socks. Measurements were taken for body composition, static and agility/dynamic balance, and self-reported wearing sensation.RESULTS Agility/dynamic balance was higher in the non-slip socks group than that in the normal socks group (p<0.05). The static balances did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>0.05). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of comfort, thermal, wet, tactile, and fit sensations according to the wearing of the socks (p>0.05). Significant higher stability sensation was observed in non-slip socks group than normal socks group (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the use of non-slip socks will help to prevent falls that may occur during indoor or outdoor activities and also improve exercise performance in the elderly.
Reliability and Validity of the Kinect-Based Mixed Reality Device: Pilot Study
Authors: Ahn So-Young , Sung Yun-Ho , Bae Jun-Hyun , Lim Byung-Gul , Song Wook
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES Firefighter (FF) is an occupation which needs high fitness abilities. However, most of Korean FFs in the capital city have relatively low fitness levels and they have difficulty participating in exercises owing to their emergency environments. Kinect-based mixed reality device (KMR) is a device that can deliver exercises with live visual feedbacks by detecting motions at any time while needing few human resources. Therefore, KMR could be an adequate tool for FFs to provide exercise. However, there are no studies that identified the reliability and validity. So, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of KMR and the intensity of the fitness program for relatively low-fit FFs.METHODS Using a test-retest design, five male participants underwent three trials with 1wk washouts. The participants underwent 1 screening and 2 workout sessions. The fitness program using KMR last approximately 25 min. Intensity was measured using the heart rate (HR), rated perceived exertion (RPE), and finger-tip lactate. HR and RPE were measured before, during, and after the exercise using the Polar watch and Borg scale. Finger-tip lactate were measured before and after the exercise using Lactate Pro2. Cronbach alpha and Pearson correlation were determined for reliability and validity based on the HR and RPE.RESULTS Excellent reliability (Cronbach alpha: 0.967, 0.969) and strong correlation (r = .525 – .814, .718 – .958; very large) were observed with regard to the HR and RPE. Additionally, HR, RPE, and post-workout lactate showed a moderate-to-high intensity response in exercise program. Conclusions: The results suggest that KMR is a reliable and validate device to provide fitness programs and the fitness program designed for relatively low-fit FFs showed a “moderate-to-high” intensity response, which is an adequate physiological response for relatively low-fit Korean FFs.
Effects of 24 Weeks Combined Rehabilitation Exercise Program on Functional Recovery in Obsess High Tibial Osteotomy Patients
Authors: Kim Min-Ah , Lee Kwang-Jin , An Keun-Ok
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of a 24 weeks combined rehabilitation exercise program on the subjective questionnaire, isokinetic muscle function test and dynamic balance test of high tibial osteotomy patients with normal weights and obese individuals.METHODS Sixteen tibial osteotomy patients were recruited in the study. They were divided into two groups(normal weight group[n=8] or obesity weight group[n=8]). A pre-test consisting of subjective questionnaire, isokinetic muscle function test and Y balance test. Using the same test in 12 weeks, 24 weeks after the surgery. All groups completed the rehabilitation exercise program for the duration of 24 weeks.RESULTS The significant interaction was observed between group and time on the involve bilateral flexor strength deficits (p=.045) and the posteromedial reach distance (p=.041).CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a 24 weeks rehabilitation exercise program is needed after high tibial osteotomy in order to restore the same level of activity as before surgery.
Effects of Unilateral Lower-extremity Joint Cooling on Movement Biomechanics during Two-legged Jumping and Landing
Authors: Choi Jihyeon , Song Kyeongtak , Kim Hoon , Lee Sae Yong , Park Jihong
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES This study examined the immediate effect of unilateral ankle or knee joint cooling on the low-erextremity kinematics and kinetics during two-legged jumping and landing.METHODS Twenty healthy adults randomly completed three data collection sessions for ankle or knee joint cooling, or control. For each session, participants performed two-legged countermovement jumps and lands. For joint cooling, two ice bags were directly placed to the right side and secured with a compression bandage. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (200 Hz) with two floor-embedded force platforms (2000 Hz) was employed to capture the jumping and landing. The cooling effects on kinematical (flight time, and sagittal plane joint angles) and kinetical (peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), impulse, and sagittal plane joint moments) variables were examined. A mixed-model analysis of variance was performed for each dependent variable (p≤0.0001 for all tests).RESULTS We did not observe any interactions (flight time: F2,95=0.67, p=0.52; joint angles: F2,209≤2.26, p≥0.10; peak vGRF: F2,209≤1.76, p≥0.20; impulse: F2,209≤2.54, p≥0.10; joint moments: F2,209≤4.80, p≥0.01 for all interactions). Regardless of condition and time (side effect), subjects showed a dominant-leg predominant movement strategy. Specifically, the right side showed a greater peak vGRF (2%), and greater ankle (7%), knee (6%), and hip (11%) joint moments, as compared with the left side during jumping. The same movement pattern was observed during landing that there was greater peak vGRF (11%) and impulse (8%), and greater ankle and knee joint moments (15%). Regardless of time and side (condition effect), subjects with ankle joint cooling showed 5% lesser ankle joint moment during jumping, compared with those who received knee joint cooling (p=0.0001).CONCLUSIONS A 20-min of unilateral ankle or knee joint cooling seems to neither alter vertical jump height nor change movement biomechanics during two-legged jumping and landing.
IoT-inspired Framework for Real-time Prediction of Forest Fire
Authors: Aljumah Abdullah
Published: May 2022

Wildfires are one of the most devastating catastrophes and can inflict tremendous losses to life and nature. Moreover, the loss of civilization is incomprehensible, potentially extending suddenly over vast land sectors. Global warming has contributed to increased forest fires, but it needs immediate attention from the organizations involved. This analysis aims to forecast forest fires to reduce losses and take decisive measures in the direction of protection. Specifically, this study suggests an energy-efficient IoT architecture for the early detection of wildfires backed by fog-cloud computing technologies. To evaluate the repeatable information obtained from IoT sensors in a time-sensitive manner, Jaccard similarity analysis is used. This data is assessed in the fog processing layer and reduces the single value of multidimensional data called the Forest Fire Index. Finally, based on Wildfire Triggering Criteria, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to simulate the susceptibility of the forest area. ANN are intelligent techniques for inferring future outputs as these can be made hybrid with fuzzy methods for decision-modeling. For productive visualization of the geographical location of wildfire vulnerability, the Self-Organized Mapping Technique is used. Simulation of the implementation is done over multiple datasets. For total efficiency assessment, outcomes are contrasted in comparison to other techniques.