bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jeunes femmes de la rue et féminités marginalisées. Que nous révèlent les récits des principales intéressées ?
Authors: Flynn Catherine , Cribb Mélissa , Damant Dominique
Published: March 2021

Les travaux menés auprès de jeunes femmes en situation d’itinérance s’articulent souvent autour de la notion de risque. S’ils présentent la rue comme un milieu dangereux pour les jeunes femmes, notamment en raison des risques de subir une ou plusieurs agressions à caractère sexuel, ils contribuent également à présenter ces jeunes femmes comme une population délinquante, voire criminelle. Lorsqu’elle est étudiée à l’aide d’une méthodologie qualitative axée sur la parole de ces femmes, et analysée dans une perspective féministe, l’expérience des jeunes femmes en situation d’itinérance nous renseigne sur la façon dont leurs attitudes et comportements peuvent être compris à travers une matrice traversée par des rapports de pouvoir liés au genre et à l’âge. Cet article présente une analyse féministe intersectionnelle du « traitement » subi par les jeunes femmes de la rue à travers les différentes institutions qu'elles ont côtoyées entre 15 et 25 ans, lorsqu’elles ont adopté une conduite en tension avec celle associée aux stéréotypes sexistes de féminité. Cette analyse repose sur les récits des participantes tels que colligés dans le cadre d’une recherche-action participative réalisée entre le printemps 2013 et l’été 2014 avec sept jeunes femmes en processus de sortie de rue de la région de Québec. Cette étude avait pour objectif de documenter les violences structurelles expérimentées par celles-ci, de même que leurs stratégies pour y faire face.
Au-delà des apparences : analyse intersectionnelle de vécus de jeunes trans migrants et racisés au Québec
Authors: Tourki Dalia , Ou Jin Lee Edward , Baril Alexandre , Hébert William , Pullen Sansfaçon Annie
Published: March 2021

Depuis quelque temps, on observe une prise de conscience publique concernant les enjeux que vivent les personnes trans migrantes et les jeunes trans, surtout au Québec. Néanmoins, il existe très peu de littérature sur le vécu des jeunes trans migrants et racisés. Notre article vise à pallier cette lacune apparente dans les recherches francophones sur les personnes trans migrantes, en particulier chez les jeunes, en présentant les résultats préliminaires d’un projet de recherche-action participative communautaire visant à mieux comprendre les expériences des jeunes trans âgés de 15 à 25 ans vivant au Québec. Le présent article discute des facteurs d’oppression ainsi que de certains privilèges, de même que de l’influence qu’ils ont sur l’expérience des jeunes trans migrants et racisés lorsqu’ils naviguent les normes de genre préétablies. L’article traite des manières dont des facteurs tels que l’identité de genre, la citoyenneté, la race et l’âge s’entrecroisent et interagissent, et ultimement influencent les transitions médicales, sociales et légales de ces jeunes. De plus, nous discutons des axes de différenciation sociale, ainsi que la manière dont ils façonnent les difficultés qui marquent le parcours de ces jeunes et qui empêchent parfois l’affirmation de leurs multiples identités. Nous reconnaissons également la force et la résilience chez les jeunes trans migrants et racisés ainsi que la manière dont ces jeunes réagissent aux oppressions multiples.
La reconnaissance artistique en métropole et en région, de la divergence à la convergence : autour de l’exposition- événement Les chroniques du Québec d’Arthur Villeneuve (1972)
Authors: Vaillancourt Benoit
Published: March 2021

En 1972, le Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal présentait Les chroniques du Québec d’Arthur Villeneuve. Première rétrospective consacrée à l’oeuvre du « peintre-barbier » de Chicoutimi, cette exposition a connu une forte affluence et obtenu une large couverture médiatique, comme toute manifestation culturelle qui parvient à faire l’événement. Pour comprendre les sources et les effets de ce phénomène, l’auteur s’intéresse aux arts visuels dans le Québec des années 1960 et 1970, et surtout à la place qui leur était faite, à Montréal d’une part, et au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean d’autre part. En confrontant les discours véhiculés dans la presse nationale et dans la presse saguenéenne, il montre que la reconnaissance artistique de Villeneuve s’est appuyée sur la rencontre médiatisée entre deux espaces culturels distincts, la métropole et la région périphérique. Générateur d’altérité, ce face-à-face entre l’ici et l’ailleurs a favorisé la convergence d’opinions au départ divergentes sur le peintre et son art. Ce retournement s’est cristallisé lors de la rétrospective de 1972 et fut indissociable d’une récupération de l’événement par des politiciens et des acteurs du monde de l’art.
Le Zéro et l'Infini. Sens et fonction des personnages mort-nés dans le Haut Livre du Graal
Authors: Poisson-Gueffier Jean-François
Published: March 2021

Si la mort d’un personnage advient généralement au terme d’un parcours dans la temporalité et la spatialité romanesques, le Haut Livre du Graal présente trois figures de personnages mort-nés. Leur mort coïncide avec – voire précède – leur introduction dans l’espace fictionnel. La question du sens de ces personnages et du sens de l’oeuvre émergent alors de manière problématique. Et ce d’autant plus que la mort de ces « acteurs paradoxaux » relève d’une puissance de déflagration qui infléchit le cours du récit et altère profondément les équilibres politiques, symboliques et religieux de l’univers de fiction.
Le langage des murs qui enferment dans L'Étranger de Camus et Hiroshima mon amour de Duras
Authors: Grégoire Vincent
Published: March 2021

Meursault de L’Étranger et « Elle » d’Hiroshima mon amour sont des personnages tragiques qui, comme poussés par un fatum antique, ont commis un crime, crime de sang ou crime d’amour, pour lequel ils doivent payer. Tandis que le premier est accusé d’insensibilité et condamné à mort parce que la justice voit en lui un « monstre moral », le deuxième est accusé de « collaboration horizontale » et puni par la « justice populaire ». Dès lors, enfermés, dans une cellule pour le premier, alternativement dans une chambre et une cave pour le second, ces deux êtres cherchent les visages et voix d’amours passées. La quête de ces visages et voix d’un monde révolu qui font souffrir les protagonistes par leur disparition va laisser la place chez les deux personnages à un état d’apaisement allant permettre, au héros comme à l’héroïne, de se réconcilier avec leur passé. Tandis que Meursault, qui a changé en prison, va redécouvrir sa mère et finalement comprendre la volonté de celle-ci de reprendre goût à la vie à l’asile de vieillards, « Elle », guérie par le Japonais, va retrouver un équilibre sentimental.
Humour Anarchie. Henri Roorda (1870-1925)
Authors: Losseroy Gilles
Published: March 2021

Ecrivain précoce et contrarié, pédagogue enthousiaste et enseignant désabusé, essayiste, dramaturge et humoriste sous le pseudonyme de Balthasar, Henri Roorda, qui est né en 1870, se définit tel qu’il a vécu : sur le fil précaire d’un « pessimisme joyeux », où l’écriture demeure la seule planche de salut.… Quand en mai 1926 paraît son ultime opus : Mon Suicide, il y a six mois que Roorda a mis fin à ses jours.Entre temps, d’articles en chroniques, Roorda a fait oeuvre. Depuis l’espace commun au professeur et à l’anarchiste : la marge. C’est un portrait de cet écrivain méconnu : ses années d’apprentissage, la découverte de l’anarchie, l’enseignement, l’écriture… que propose cet article.
Homosexualité, Islam et désacralisation du pouvoir royal dans Le jour du Roi d'Abdellah Taïa
Authors: Berrada Taïeb
Published: March 2021

Dans Le jour du Roi, Abdellah Taïa explore le thème d’une altérité assujettie à un intraduisible enfermé dans un aspect politico-symbolique : celui à la fois de s’exprimer dans la langue de l’autre et celui d’exprimer des relations homo-érotiques et homosexuelles vécues au Maroc sous le règne d’Hassan II. Or, ce discours révèle l’instabilité d’un modèle d’identification confronté à un dispositif sexuel normalisant les corps et les esprits, où la société surveille et participe à une discipline hétéro-normative de l’homosexualité en punissant toute déviation rendue publique ou visible sous le regard symbolique du roi du Maroc. Ceci semble parvenir à déstabiliser toute identification avec « l’Autre comme moi », en s’introduisant dans l’intimité même des deux jeunes protagonistes du roman et en imposant une hétéro-normativité sur un amour homo-érotique qui ne pouvait se résoudre que par l’annihilation d’une des deux parties et ainsi au meurtre de l’Autre mais de l’Autre comme moi. Ce fratricide remonte aux mythes fondateurs en Islam et renvoie particulièrement au meurtre originel qui se différencie et s’émancipe du modèle oedipien, traduisant à ce titre une conception différente de l’amour du « Même » et d’une homosexualité identitaire occidentale à prétention universaliste.
La Métaphore : modes d'emploi ou « Voici des îles »
Authors: Kocay Victor
Published: March 2021

Cet article se veut une étude portant sur l’emploi de la métaphore dans un texte littéraire. Dans un premier temps nous revenons sur la métaphore elle-même comme procédé de création linguistique (la métaphore « vive » de Ricoeur), mais l’essentiel, c’est de montrer que le sens véritable de la métaphore et sa fonction dans le texte dépendent des intentions de l’auteur. Nous nous référons à trois auteurs en particulier. Pour Proust, la métaphore permet de mieux dire le réel parce qu’elle traduit plus fidèlement les sensations. Pour Colette la métaphore joue sur le plan psychologique en permettant à l’auteure de ramener les êtres et les choses à une esthétique particulière. Et pour Camus la métaphore signifie le désordre qui laisse pourtant entrevoir un ordre possible meilleur. La formule, « Voici des îles », est empruntée à Michel Serres.
Mucocutaneous disorders in HIV/AIDS at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal: An observational study
Authors: Singh Rajput Prabhat , Kumar Das Anil , Paudel Upama , Parajuli Sudip
Published: March 2021

Background: Mucocutaneous manifestations in HIV infections are common. However, they have not, so far, been studied in Nepal. The aim of this study was, therefore, to describe mucocutaneous manifestations in Nepalese HIV patients. Materials and Methods: The following is a hospital-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology and Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Center of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) from May 2017, through October 2018. Patients aged 16 years and above diagnosed with HIV were included in the study, for whom history and clinical examinations were performed. The study variables were age, sex, a clinical diagnosis of dermatological problems, clinical stages of HIV/AIDS, as per the World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria, and the CD4 count. Results: A total of 52 patients were included in the study. The mean age upon presentation was 38.77 ± 10.9 years. The mean CD4 count was 464.27 ± 255.13. Females were more affected than males (female:male = 1.4:1). Mucocutaneous manifestations were the following: fungal infections (10; 19.3%), viral infections (6; 11.6%), parasitic infestations (3; 5.8%), bacterial infections (4; 7.7%), sexually transmitted infections (2; 3.8%), seborrheic dermatitis (3; 5.8%), idiopathic pruritus (3; 5.8%), recurrent oral ulcers (3; 5.8%), urticaria (3; 5.8%), pruritic papular eruptions (2; 3.8%), eczemas (2; 3.8%), acne (2; 3.8%), angular cheilitis (2; 3.8%), xerosis cutis (2; 3.8%), and others (5; 9.6%). Conclusions: The study showed that fungal infections are common in HIV patients, followed by viral infections and parasitic infestations. Seborrheic dermatitis, idiopathic pruritus, recurrent oral ulcers, and urticaria were found to be common inflammatory skin diseases in HIV.
Impacts of a railway tunnel on the streams baseflow verified by means of numerical modelling
Authors: Piccinini Leonardo , Vincenzi Valentina
Published: March 2021

The high-speed railway line between Bologna and Florence (Italy) is mostly developed underground through the Tuscan-Emilian Apennine, and the tunnels severely impacted groundwater and surface water. The 15-km-long Firenzuola tunnel crosses siliciclastic turbidites: during drilling, water inrushes occurred at fault and fracture zones, and the tunnel continues to drain the aquifer. The water table dropped below the level of the valleys, and gaining streams transformed into losing streams or ran completely dry, as did many springs. Hydrological observations and two multitracer tests have previously characterized the stream-tunnel connections and the impact processes. In the framework of planning mitigation strategies to minimize impacts on stream baseflow, three-dimensional numerical modelling with MODFLOW (the EPM approach) is applied to evaluate the artificial minimum flow needed to maintain flow continuity along the stream during the recession phase. The establishment of the two presented models is based on hydrogeological monitoring data and the results of flow measurements and tracer tests. Maximum flow rates subtracted from stream baseflow by the tunnel along the connection structures are calculated for two streams with major impacts.
Direttive, codici, leggi, decreti, regolamenti, protocolli, norme, linee guida, ordinanze, delibere, determinazioni, circolari, atti, regole, precetti, procedure, prassi, …
Authors: Cerutti Paolo
Published: March 2021

Per i numerosi operatori tecnici che ruotano intorno al mondo delle acque sotterranee, districarsi nel dedalo degli strumenti legislativi e dei relativi precetti è un esercizio quotidiano che molti vorrebbero risparmiarsi, ma che non sempre è possibile evitare. Sul numero delle leggi in Italia e, per confronto, su quello in altri paesi, si sono dette e scritte opere, e per la consultazione si sono creati servizi e sistemi informativi dedicati. Per l’interpretazione delle leggi ci sono gli esperti (quelli che nessun artista interpreta la natura tanto liberamente quanto un esperto la verità scientifica), per la loro applicazione servirebbe un’univocità di interpretazione, ma anche di intenti dei legislatori. Questa premessa è per dire che Acque Sotterranee - Italian Journal of Groundwater ha programmato la reintroduzione regolare, dal prossimo numero, di una Rubrica dedicata alla normativa [...].
IS IT POSSIBLE TO DESIGN SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT CITIES AS FORESTS?
Authors: KARABETÇA Aliye Rahşan
Published: March 2021

Every single organism supports the other either with a symbiotic relationship or in terms of form and/or function. In nature, everything is functional considering each other. For instance, such as some trees shed their leaves to the ground to prepare themselves for strong winter conditions and to create nutrition for microorganisms and fungus under the surface. This kind of interaction with nature could lead architects to develop better solutions to create better built environments; this is the main objective of this paper. Paper aims to clarify and prove that nature is the greatest mentor and can teach humanity many solutions about designing resilient cities. There is a new and powerful way of seeking solutions in nature; biomimicry. In this context, using biomimicry as a design strategy is the main methodology of this study. Biomimicry is used as a design approach to reach examples in nature by filtering them with biology. These examples are considered to be scientific fields for researching and understanding the structural strength, bioclimatic properties, functional morphology and other important features of forests which is explained to identify forests and state resilient solutions for developing resilient cities. Outcomes of this paper aim to scientifically state that forests are naturally sustainable environments, which are the greatest examples for resilient cities, and when they unite, they can create the most suitable living environments for all living organisms. Several conceptual ideas and methods are suggested based on biomimetic design approach to make the argument clear and more understandable.
E-GOVERNMENT GATEWAY: A USER STUDY FOR USABILITY AND TRUST ANALYSIS
Authors: ALAN Alper Turan
Published: March 2021

E-Government Gateway is a web application that aims to increase efficiency in public services by enabling citizens to access all services electronically from a single point. This application has started to take a critical place in our lives, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic period. However, we yet know very little about how citizens perceive and use it. This study aims to shed light on users' experience with the application, and to address potential issues they face in terms of usability and trust. To this end, a task-based user study was conducted with 10 volunteer participants, followed by a post- study survey and an interview. The findings of the study, based on both quantitative and qualitative data, show that the participants found the application very useful and easy to use in overall. However, the results also indicate a few design problems. In particular, it has been observed that the difficulty of accessing the information provided by the application regarding data privacy has led to a decrease in user trust. Building on the findings, this article presents a number of design suggestions to improve user experience and trust.
ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY CLOSE ENCOUNTERS OF THE THIRD KIND
Authors: MUŞKARA Üftade , TUNÇELLİ Oylum , ŞAHİN Serpil
Published: March 2021

Art and archaeology have a growing interaction, which is expressed mainly in displaying the material culture of ancient civilizations. The post-modernist concept suggests that art is for everyone. Likewise, archaeologists recognize the idea that archaeological narratives are supposed to be everyone to understand and enjoy. Today, many museum displays and special exhibitions consist of contemporary design features of art. The technology-driven exhibition techniques applied in the “Curious Case of Çatalhöyük” exhibition and Göbeklitepe Animation Center to increase the perception of visitors establish the basis of the study. The paper examines the backgrounds of the relation between two disciplines by “digging” up the history of archaeological theories and analyzing main art movements corresponding to a period from Dadaism to contemporary art. Archaeological storytelling of history and culture using post-modern rhetoric is defined as the “close encounter.” The interactive display provides new directions in the visual reconstructions of past societies. We proposed that the Çatalhöyük exhibition and Göbeklitepe Animation Center are among the best examples of the new approach for presentation in archaeology.
Off-line sub-nanosecond laser conditioning on large aperture deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal
Authors: Liu Zhi-Chao , Xu Qiao , Lei Xiang-Yang , Geng Feng , Wang Xiang-Feng , Zhang Shuai , Wang Jian , Zhang Qing-Hua , Liu Min-Cai ,   Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
Published: March 2021

The large aperture deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) is an important frequency conversion crystal in a large power laser device. There are many defects inside the DKDP bulk material, including the varying element impurities and electronic defects. Comparing with the defect-free material, these bulk defects can easily absorb incident laser energy and pose the risks of initiating damage sites when exposed to high-energy lasers. Beside bulk defects, there are surface defects originating from the DKDP machining process, including cracks, scratches and protuberances. These surface defects affect the damage performance of DKDP crystal by increasing light absorption and weakening local mechanical strength. Due to the defects from both bulk and surface, the actual damage threshold of DKDP crystal is much lower than the expected theoretical value. The lack of its laser damage resistance seriously restricts the laser output power. In this study, the off-line sub-nanosecond laser conditioning technology is proposed to effectively improve the laser damage performance of large aperture DKDP crystal. Its principle is to irradiate DKDP with a mild laser fluence in advance. Although the laser pretreatment cannot directly eliminate the impurities, dislocations, grain boundaries or other macro structural defects in crystals, it indeed changes the distribution and density of intrinsic point defects on a micro-scale. It suggests that the complicated reactions of electron-hole, atom-vacancy and the intrinsic point defect annihilation caused by the microstructural transformation of crystal materials under laser conditioning are the possible reasons for reducing absorption and improving the damage resistance. In this experiment, the result of the damage to high-power laser device shows that the mean surface damage density of DKDP crystal at 9 J/cm2 decreases from 5.02 pp/cm2 to 0.55 pp/cm2 after sub-nanosecond laser conditioning. The laser conditioning can remove the protuberance defects on the surface, thus reducing the surface damage density. In addition, the damage size probably decreases after laser conditioning. There is a leftward shift in the damage size curve after laser conditioning, and its peak decreases from 25 μm to 18 μm–20 μm. In addition, due to the removal effect of laser conditioning on defects, the spatial distribution of damage points after sub-nanosecond laser irradiation turns more uniform. This study provides a foundation for the applications of off-line sub-nanosecond laser conditioning technology in high-power laser facility.
Paternal multigenerational exposure to an obesogenic diet drives epigenetic predisposition to metabolic diseases in mice
Authors: Raad Georges , Serra Fabrizio , Martin Luc , Derieppe Marie-Alix , Gilleron Jérôme , Costa Vera L , Pisani Didier F , Amri Ez-Zoubir , Trabucchi Michele , Grandjean Valerie
Published: March 2021

Obesity is a growing societal scourge. Recent studies have uncovered that paternal excessive weight induced by an unbalanced diet affects the metabolic health of offspring. These reports mainly employed single-generation male exposure. However, the consequences of multigenerational unbalanced diet feeding on the metabolic health of progeny remain largely unknown. Here, we show that maintaining paternal Western diet feeding for five consecutive generations in mice induces an enhancement in fat mass and related metabolic diseases over generations. Strikingly, chow-diet-fed progenies from these multigenerational Western-diet-fed males develop a ‘healthy’ overweight phenotype characterized by normal glucose metabolism and without fatty liver that persists for four subsequent generations. Mechanistically, sperm RNA microinjection experiments into zygotes suggest that sperm RNAs are sufficient for establishment but not for long-term maintenance of epigenetic inheritance of metabolic pathologies. Progressive and permanent metabolic deregulation induced by successive paternal Western-diet-fed generations may contribute to the worldwide epidemic of metabolic diseases.
Saliva TwoStep for rapid detection of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers
Authors: Yang Qing , Meyerson Nicholas R , Clark Stephen K , Paige Camille L , Fattor Will T , Gilchrist Alison R , Barbachano-Guerrero Arturo , Healy Benjamin G , Worden-Sapper Emma R , Wu Sharon S , Muhlrad Denise , Decker Carolyn J , Saldi Tassa K , Lasda Erika , Gonzales Patrick , Fink Morgan R , Tat Kimngan L , Hager Cole R , Davis Jack C , Ozeroff Christopher D , Brisson Gloria R , McQueen Matthew B , Leinwand Leslie A , Parker Roy , Sawyer Sara L
Published: March 2021

Here, we develop a simple molecular test for SARS-CoV-2 in saliva based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. The test has two steps: (1) heat saliva with a stabilization solution and (2) detect virus by incubating with a primer/enzyme mix. After incubation, saliva samples containing the SARS-CoV-2 genome turn bright yellow. Because this test is pH dependent, it can react falsely to some naturally acidic saliva samples. We report unique saliva stabilization protocols that rendered 295 healthy saliva samples compatible with the test, producing zero false positives. We also evaluated the test on 278 saliva samples from individuals who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 but had no symptoms at the time of saliva collection, and from 54 matched pairs of saliva and anterior nasal samples from infected individuals. The Saliva TwoStep test described herein identified infections with 94% sensitivity and >99% specificity in individuals with sub-clinical (asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic) infections.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pudina (Menthaarvenis), Tulsi (Ocimumtenuiflorum) and Curry Leaves (Murrayakoenigii) on Streptococcus mutans by Modified Direct Contact Test- An In vitro Study
Authors: Patel Hima , Saraf Adish Anand , Mangala TM , Mahaparale Rushikesh , Mali Sneha , Pawar Sagar
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Dental caries is a pandemic disease caused by Streptococcus mutans. Numerous preventive strategies have been developed to prevent dental caries with modern medicines. Recently, there has been a shift from use of modern medicines to herbal ayurvedic preparations which are easily available and cause least possible side effects but have not been tested against S. mutans. Aim: To evaluate antimicrobial value of Pudina, Tulsi and Curry leaves against S. mutans by modified direct contact test. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study used finely powdered form of Pudina, Tulsi and Curry leaves extracts (Hakim Chi Chi Pharmacy, Surat, India) without any added preservatives. The test microorganism S. mutans was isolated from human saliva using mitis salivarius agar. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was determined using agar well diffusion for Group 1 (Tulsi), Group 2 (Pudina), Group 3 (Curry leaves) and Group 4 (Chlorhexidine). Using this MIC, modified Direct Contact Test was performed for specific evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of each product. Chlorhexidine (0.2%) was used as a positive control for the comparison of each product. The results of modified direct contact test were subjected to ANOVA Test and Tukey’s Test using SPSS software version 23.0 which showed that when compared against chlorhexidine, the antimicrobial efficacy against S. mutans in decreasing order was of curry leaves, tulsi and pudina and the result of the study was significant. Results: Curry leaves showed higher antimicrobial efficacy than tulsi and pudina when compared against chlorhexidine (control) and the results were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Curry leaf extract shows promising antimicrobial property against S. mutans and can be recommended for caries control with further investigations.
Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Root Dentin Treated with Calendula Officinalis L. and Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicaments- An In vitro Study
Authors: Nagaraj NJ , Ravikumar N , Mahalaxmi S , Pallavi S
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Intracanal Medicaments (ICMs) play a major role in disinfection of root canal system. The use of interappointment ICM during endodontic treatment may affect the mechanical properties of dentin which results in decreased fracture resistance of teeth. The use of synthetic medicament is associated with many limitations such as antibiotic overdose, side effects and cytotoxic reactions. In order to overcome this, recent research has been directed towards herbal ICMs with better efficacy and lesser side effects. Aim: To evaluate the effect of a novel herbal ICM Calendula officinalis L. (CO) on fracture resistance of root dentin in comparison to Calcium Hydroxide (CH). Materials and Methods: This in vitro study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Thirty freshly extracted single rooted human premolar teeth were selected for the in vitro study and randomly assigned into three groups: Group 1: No medication (Control group) (n=10), Group 2: CH (n=10), Group 3: CO (n=10). The samples were decoronated and biomechanical preparation was done followed by placement of respective ICMs in the root canal space, sealed with glass ionomer cement and immersed in saline for a storage period of 7 and 14 days. Each group was subdivided into 5 teeth, depending on the storage period. After each storage period, ICMs were removed and samples were subjected to fracture resistance test using universal testing machine. Data were analysed using One-way Anova followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc test with level of statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: On evaluation of compressive strength, CO group showed more fracture resistance compared to CH group on 7th day and no statistical significant differences were seen between CO and CH groups on 14th day. Conclusion: CO can be efficiently used as an alternative to CH because of its low toxicity and increased resistance to fracture.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Oxycarotenoid Extracts Isolated from Coriander Leaves (Coriandrum Sativum) and Curry Leaves (Murraya koenigii) on Carrageenan Induced Acute Inflammation in Rats
Authors: ANUSHA AM , SHERENA PA , ANNAMALA PT , Mukkadan JK
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Green leafy vegetables are important sources of polyphenols and carotenoids which possess both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Aim: To study the anti-inflammatory activity of oxycarotenoid extracts isolated from coriander leaves (Coriandrumsativum) and curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) in carrageenan induced acute paw oedema in rats. Materials and Methods: Oxycarotenoid extracts were isolated from the coriander leaves (Coriandrum sativum) and curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) and they were assessed for anti-inflammatory activities by in-vivo methods. The in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in carrageenan induced acute paw oedema model. Indomethacin at a dose of 20 mg/Kg body weight was used as standard anti-inflammatory drug. Results: The results revealed that oxycarotenoids extracted from coriander leaves administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight showed an inhibition of 53.33% whereas the oxycarotenoids extracted from curry leaves showed an inhibition of 60% at the sixth hour after carrageenan injection. The results are comparable with those of indomethacin (20 mg/Kg body weight) administered group which showed an inhibition of 55.53% Conclusion: These findings suggest that oxycarotenoid extracts isolated from leafy vegetables (coriander leaves and curry leaves) have significant anti-inflammatory activities.
A Cross-sectional Study of Serum Levels of Zinc, Copper and Magnesium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Indian Urban Population
Authors: Gowda HU Hemanth , Rangareddy Harish
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Variability in the levels of these trace elements may reflect altered insulin metabolism and poor glycaemic control in the background of elevated oxidative stress. Mineral metabolism is another entity that may be disrupted by diabetes mellitus. Conversely, there are studies implicating early imbalances of trace elements in upsetting glucose homeostasis and insulin metabolism. Aim: To estimate and compare serum zinc, copper and magnesium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients with non diabetic controls and to correlate the serum zinc, copper and magnesium with Glycated Haemoglobin levels in Type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The study included 30 Type 2 DM patients and 30 healthy, age and gender matched controls without Type 2 DM. Their serum levels of zinc, copper and magnesium were measured and compared. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 software was used to perform the statistical analysis. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Mean±SD of serum zinc in Type 2 DM and controls was 93.44±46.99 μg/dL and 121.74±37.15 μg/dL, respectively. Serum zinc was significantly decreased in Type 2 DM. However, there was no significant alteration with respect to serum copper and magnesium. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the association between HbA1c with zinc (r=0.069, p=0.718), copper (r= -0.094, p=0.622) and magnesium (r=0.116, p=0.543) was random. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency noticed in Type 2 DM patients may be due to increased excretion in urine. Zinc oral preparations are cheap and easily available. Considering these, it can be further explored if micronutrient supplementation would help to improve the glycaemic variability in Type 2 DM.
Moisture Sorption Characteristics as Influenced by Application of Hurdles in Dambu-nama Production
Authors: Eke M. O. , Ariahu C. C. , Igyor M. A. , Gabriel S. M.
Published: March 2021

Moisture transfer characteristics of dambu-nama (DN) as influenced by addition of citric acid, salt and sugar as hurdles were investigated. Four products comprising DN with 0.1% citric acid + 2% salt and 2% sugar (DNC0.1); DN+ 0.2% citric + 2% salt + 2% sugar (DNC0.2); DN + 0.3% citric acid +2% salt + 2% sugar (DNC0.3) and a control DN without citric acid , salt or sugar (DNC0) were produced and subjected to moisture sorption studies at different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60oC) and relative humidities of(10-96%). Incorporation of the hurdles into dambu-nama resulted in increase in monolayer moisture contents, surface areas, net isoteric heats and entropy of sorption. The isotherms obtained were best described by the Henderson model followed by the GAB and Oswin models.  The hurdles also resulted to a J-shaped isotherm instead of the sigmoidal isotherm shape.
Mitigating Natural Heat Stress for Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) Production through Management Techniques
Authors: Chapagain Tika Ram , Shrestha Arjun Kumar , Sharma Moha Dutta , Tripathi Kalyani Mishra , Srivastava Aravind
Published: March 2021

An experiment was conducted to identify suitable production management techniques for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation during late winter-pre monsoon season in plains of Nepal. For this, organic mulches (rice straw, dried grass, and rice husk) were compared with SN (shade net) and no-mulch (bare field) condition for tomato yield in 2018 and 2019. The pooled analysis of all observed morphological and yield traits were performed and they differed significantly. Rice husk significantly affected number of fruits per inflorescence though number of inflorescence per plant and flowers per inflorescence were similar among organic mulches. The highest fruit yield per plant (4.44 kg plant-1) was obtained with rice husk, the other mulches and SN were at par but the lowest yield (2.75 kg plant-1) was obtained with no-mulch. Similarly, rice husk mulch contributed to the highest number of fruits per inflorescence (5.22), highest fruit weight (46.58 g) and diameter (4.99 cm).Fruit yield positively and significantly associated with fruit per inflorescence(0.78***), fruit diameter (0.65***) and an average fruit weight (0.56***).Organic mulches significantly (p=0.05) contributed to higher yield (86.01 t ha-1) over SN (76.55 t ha-1).Higher values for total soluble solid, Vitamin C and fruit firmness were observed under rice husk mulching. The result of the present study found rice husk mulching as better option for tomato production as compared to SN and no-mulch condition.
Second Order Rotatable Designs of Second Type Using Pairwise Balanced Designs
Authors: Chiranjeevi P. , Victorbabu B. Re.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, second order rotatable designs of second type using pairwise balanced designs is suggested. This design is compared with second order rotatable designs of first type using pairwise balanced designs [1] on the basis of efficiency.
Construction of an Agrobacterium Mediated RNAI Genetic Transformation Vector Targeting the Replicase Gene of Indian cassava mosaic virus and Evaluation of Their Transformation Ability in Cassava Immature Leaf Lobes
Authors: Anuradha T. , Prabha P.
Published: March 2021

Cassava mosaic virus is one of the major problems affecting cassava industry in India. Currently there are no effective strategy to completely protect cassava from cassava mosaic viruses. In order to attain cassava mosaic virus resistance RNAi vectors targeting the replicase gene of Indian cassava mosaic virus is constructed in this study. Their efficiency to transform cassava immature leaf lobes were also studied here. Replicase gene of Indian cassava mosaic virus in Tamilnadu are cloned and sequenced. Conserved domains are identified and sub cloned to CSIRO RNAi vector system and transformation studies are done in immature cassava leaves. Two different RNAi vectors were constructed, utilizing a conserved 440bp of 5’ end of ICMV Rep (AC1) gene which also corresponds to a part of AC4 gene, and functions as a viral RNAi suppressor protein. The partial Rep gene of ICMV was cloned in sense and anti-sense orientations in the RNAi intermediate vector, pHANNIBAL. After cloning into pHANNIBAL, the cloned RNAi gene cassettes of ICMV is released and cloned into the binary vector, pART27, which contains the kanamycin-resistance gene as a plant selectable marker. In order to use hygromycin as a selection agent in cassava genetic transformation, RNAi–Rep gene cassettes of ICMV were cloned into pCAMBIA1305.2. These constructs were named pICR1 and pICR2 respectively. The Genetic transformation studies in cassava leaves done using pICR2 vector could generate PCR positive plants. An agrobacterium mediated replicase RNAi vector is developed and that can be transformed into cassava immature leaf lobes. Their efficiency to silence the Indian cassava mosaic virus should be studied further.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings of Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. (Crem): An Alternative for Production of Seed Tubers
Authors: Balestrin Júlio Tagliari , Souza Tiago Lodi de , Betto Alan Serafini , Silva Daniela da , Rogalski Juliana Marcia
Published: March 2021

The herbaceous vine Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. (Tropaeolaceae), popularly known as crem, has great potential for use, especially its tubers. However, there is still a lack of studies regarding this species. The objective of this study was to test the viability of propagation by stem cuttings for the production of T. pentaphyllum seed tubers. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. In both experiments, experimental design was completely randomized. In the first one, five treatments were evaluated (stem cuttings with 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm) with three replicates, each one with 10 stem cuttings. In the second experiment, three treatments were evaluated (stem cuttings positions: apical, middle and basal), with four replications, each one with 10 stem cuttings. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Stem cuttings with 15 cm length had the highest rate of tuber formation (20.0%) and produced tubers with highest mass (3.2 g). Cuttings from the middle portion of the stem had the highest rooting (52.5%) and tuber formation (45.0%) rates. Thus, cuttings with 15 cm length from the middle portion of the stem are indicated for propagation by cuttings of T. pentaphyllum. Considering the potential for the use of this species in the future, the results found in this study are very important, since the propagation by cuttings would enable the production of a large amount of seed tubers in a short period of time.
Immune modulation underpins the anti‐cancer activity of HDAC inhibitors
Authors: Blaszczak Wiktoria , Liu Geng , Zhu Hong , Barczak Wojciech , Shrestha Amit , Albayrak Gulsah , Zheng Shunsheng , Kerr David , Samsonova Anastasia , La Thangue Nicholas B.
Published: March 2021

Aberrant protein acetylation is strongly linked to tumorigenesis, and modulating acetylation through targeting histone deacetylase (HDAC) with small‐molecule inhibitors has been the focus of clinical trials. However, clinical success on solid tumours, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), has been limited, in part because the cancer‐relevant mechanisms through which HDAC inhibitors act remain largely unknown. Here, we have explored, at the genome‐wide expression level, the effects of a novel HDAC inhibitor CXD101. In human CRC cell lines, a diverse set of differentially expressed genes were up‐ and downregulated upon CXD101 treatment. Functional profiling of the expression data highlighted immune‐relevant concepts related to antigen processing and natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Similar profiles were apparent when gene expression was investigated in murine colon26 CRC cells treated with CXD101. Significantly, these changes were also apparent in syngeneic colon26 tumours growing in vivo. The ability of CXD101 to affect immune‐relevant gene expression coincided with changes in the tumour microenvironment (TME), especially in the subgroups of CD4 and CD8 tumour‐infiltrating T lymphocytes. The altered TME reflected enhanced antitumour activity when CXD101 was combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐CTLA4. The ability of CXD101 to reinstate immune‐relevant gene expression in the TME and act together with ICIs provides a powerful rationale for exploring the combination therapy in human cancers.
Bioinorganic Chemistry of Hydrogen Sulfide: Detection, Delivery, and Interactions with Metalloproteins
Authors: Woods Joshua J. , Wilson Justin J.
Published: March 2021

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has received significant attention in the past two decades for its role in biological processes. Despite numerous studies on the biological activity of this gas, the specific nature of the interaction between H2S and metalloproteins and biologically relevant metal ions remains largely unknown. The current understanding of the chemical biology of H2S with metalloproteins and enzymes is discussed herein. The utility of inorganic complexes as tools for the detection and delivery of H2S under biologically relevant conditions is also discussed.
Anti‐legalization advocate opens window into harms of commercial marijuana
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2021

Accounts of marijuana‐associated harms that came as a surprise even to someone long immersed in the policy debate inspired Kevin A. Sabet, Ph.D., to write a book chronicling developments around marijuana over the past decade. Sabet, founder of Smart Approaches to Marijuana (SAM), hopes Smokescreen: What the Marijuana Industry Doesn't Want You to Know will influence policymakers and the public at a time when opinion on legalization remains deeply divided at both the federal and state levels.
Refinement and Experimental Validation of a Vacancy Model of Pore Annihilation in Single‐Crystal Nickel‐Base Superalloys during Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Epishin Alexander , Camin Bettina , Hansen Lennart , Heuser Marek , Lopez-Galilea Inmaculada , Ruttert Benjamin , Theisen Werner , Fedelich Bernard
Published: March 2021

Initially, as‐cast and homogenized single crystals of nickel‐base superalloy CMSX‐4 are subjected to hot isostatic pressing at 1288 °C. Two series of experiments are conducted: under the same pressure of 103 MPa but with different durations, between 0.5 and 6 h, and under different pressures, between 15 and 150 MPa, but for the same time of 0.5 h. The porosity annihilation is investigated metallographically and by high‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray tomography. The obtained experimental results are compared with the predictions of the vacancy model proposed recently in the group. Herein, the model is further refined by coupling with X‐ray tomography. The model describes the evolution of the pore arrays enclosed in the 3D synchrotron tomograms during hot isostatic pressing and properly predicts the time and stress dependences of the pore annihilation kinetics. The validated model and the obtained experimental results are used for selecting the optimal technological parameters such as applied pressure and processing time.
Designing Host Materials for the Emissive Layer of Single‐Layer Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Toward Simplified Organic Devices
Authors: Poriel Cyril , Rault‐Berthelot Joëlle
Published: March 2021

Thanks to the tremendous effort over the last 20 years, phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) represent a prevalent technology. In this technology, all the high‐efficiency PhOLEDs are multi‐layer devices constituting, in addition to the emissive layer (EML), of a stack of functional organic layers. These layers play a crucial role in the device performance as they improve the injection, transport, and recombination of charges within the EML. Single‐layer PhOLEDs (SL‐PhOLEDs) represent ideal OLEDs, consisting only of the electrodes and the EML. However, reaching high‐performance SL‐PhOLED is far from easy, as removing the functional layers of an OLED stack dramatically decreases the performance. To achieve high SL‐PhOLED efficiency, the efficient injection, transport, and recombination of charges should be insured by the EML, and particularly, by the host material. In the present exhaustive review, the different molecular design strategies are analyzed, which have been used to construct high‐efficiency hosts for SL‐PhOLED. The impact of the electronic properties (triplet energy, HOMO/LUMO energy, mobility etc.) on the device characteristics (threshold voltage, electroluminescent spectrum, external quantum efficiency, etc.) are discussed. This allows to draw a structure/properties/device performance relationship map of interest for the future design of functional materials for SL‐PhOLEDs.
Photoinduced Enhancement of Uranium Extraction from Seawater by MOF/Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots Heterojunction Anchored on Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogel
Authors: Chen Mengwei , Liu Tao , Zhang Xiaobin , Zhang Ruoqian , Tang Shuai , Yuan Yihui , Xie Zuji , Liu Yinjiang , Wang Hui , Fedorovich Kuzin Victor , Wang Ning
Published: March 2021

UiO‐66‐NH2/black phosphorus quantum dots (MOF/BPQDs) heterojunctions are anchored on the carboxyl cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogel with high porosity (>98%) to fabricate high‐efficiency uranium adsorbents (BP@CNF‐MOF). CNF aerogels possess abundant carboxyl groups, which can serve as nucleation centers to in situ synthesize UiO‐66‐NH2 with smaller crystal size, high mass loading, and good adhesion. BP@CNF‐MOF demonstrates good mechanical flexibility and minimal MOF loss from the CNF aerogel, both of which result from the mutual physical interactions and entanglements of CNFs as well as strong binding interactions between MOF crystals and CNF aerogel. Owing to the excellent heterogeneous photocatalytic activity of MOF/BPQDs, on one hand, marine bacteria can be effectively destroyed by reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, the photocatalytic U(VI) reduction to insoluble U(IV) could be facilitated, thereby allowing more binding sites on the MOF crystals for further U(VI) adsorption. Consequently, compared with dark conditions, the adsorption efficiency of the light irradiated BP@CNF‐MOF increases by 55.3%, reaching up to 6.77 mg‐U per g‐Ads after 6 weeks of exposure to natural seawater. The intrinsic instability of BPQDs can be overcome by MOF coating layer simultaneously. The strategy applied in this work could also be applicable to other superior MOF crystals.