bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutting tool wear monitoring through cutting sound classification and machine learning
Authors: Catalán Carlos Alfredo Catalán , Canales-Siller Horacio , Cruz-González Celso E. , Torres-Arellano Mauricio
Published: February 2022

In this work, a methodology to detect tool wear states during a milling operation through sound classification is presented. The sound was recorded during milling operations for endmills with different wear states (brand new, wear out and chipped); the wear states were determined by measuring their mass before each cutting operation. After machining, a transfer learning task was implemented for custom classification of the sound. The above, by using the VGG16 deep neural network architecture. The sound data, was represented as spectrogram images for the classification model training. Four different metrics, were used to measure the model performance, showing 97.5\% in the worst result. In addition, the results showed that sound data have enough information to train classification models for cutting tools wearing. Finally, the method presented in this work can be used for the development of monitoring tools for the support of machining workshops; thus increase the efficiency of their tools, raw materials and machining time.
Normative and perceived unmet mental health needs, health care use and barriers to care for mental health problems in a general population sample
Authors: Rens Eva , Michielsen Joris , Dom Geert , Remmen Roy , Broeck Kris Van den
Published: February 2022

Background: Mental health problems often remain undetected and untreated. Prior research suggests that this is mainly due to a lack of need-perception and attitudinal barriers. The aim of this study is to examine unmet mental health needs using both a normative (assessed using screening scales) and a self-perceived approach.Methods: A cross-sectional survey study with a weighted and representative sample of 1208 individuals aged 15 – 80 years old was carried out in 2021 in the province of Antwerp (Belgium). The questionnaire consisted of screening scales for depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and alcohol abuse (AUDIT-C and CAGE), and questions about dysfunction in daily life, 12-month health care use for mental health problems, self-perceived unmet mental health needs and reasons for not seeking (extra) help. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the predictors of mental health problems, health care use, and objective and subjective unmet mental health needs.Results: One in five respondents had a probable mental health problem according to screening scales. Among those, only one in three used health care for their mental health, resulting in a population prevalence of 14% objective unmet mental health needs. Likewise, 14% of the total sample perceived an unmet mental health need. However, more women and younger people perceived unmet needs, while normative unmet needs were higher among men and older people. One in six of the total sample used health care for their mental health, half of whom did not have a mental health problem according to the screening scales. Motivational reasons were most often endorsed for not seeking any help, while a financial barrier was the most important reason for not seeking extra help.Conclusions: The prevalence of unmet mental health needs is high. Normative and perceived (unmet) mental health needs are both relevant and complementary, but are predicted by different factors. More research is needed on this discrepancy.
Socioeconomic, intrapersonal and food environmental correlates of unhealthy snack consumption in Indian adolescents
Authors: Moitra Panchali , Madan Jagmeet
Published: February 2022

Background: Unhealthy snacking habits in adolescents are typically triggered by obesogenic food environments and possibly perpetuated through interactions between socio-environmental factors and personal perceptions, attitudes, and motivations to change eating behaviors. This study attempted to address the knowledge gap regarding the association of intrapersonal, socioeconomic, and food environmental characteristics with unhealthy snack consumption in Indian adolescents, presenting several culturally situated targets for effective interventions.Methods: A representative sample of 10-12 years old adolescents (n 712) completed a cross-sectional survey including eating habits, characteristics of school and home food environments, and perceptions related to affordability, convenience, and barriers within the food environments. The frequency of unhealthy snack consumption was assessed using a validated qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate regression analyses determined the associated factors of unhealthy snack consumption in adolescents attending private and public schools. Results: The mean age of adolescents was 10.9 (1.1) years, 48.2% were girls and 53.9% attended private schools. The most frequently consumed unhealthy snacks were biscuits/ cookies (5.2d/wk) followed by wafers (3.4d/wk) and Indian fried snacks- samosa/ vada pav (2.8 d/wk). Among the public-school adolescents, the odds of unhealthy snack consumption were 0.89 times lower when meals were had frequently at the dinner table and 4.97 times higher when the perceived barriers related to the affordability of healthy snacks were greater. Maternal education (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66-0.82, < 0.001), family income (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.98-2.32, p < 0.001), availability of unhealthy snacks (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.36-3.46, p < 0.001) and fruits at home (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.49-0.69, p < 0.001), having evening meals together (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.63-0.81, p 0.031), and perceived parental control during mealtimes (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.62-0.72, p < 0.001) were associated with unhealthy snack consumption in adolescents attending private schools.Conclusions: The results highlighted a pervasiveness of unhealthy snacks in adolescents’ food environments. Improving provisions and affordability of fruits and healthy snacks at schools, encouraging family mealtimes, limiting the availability of unhealthy snacks at home whilst addressing the perceived barriers within food environments, and inculcating self-efficacy skills can improve snacking habits in Indian adolescents, irrespective of socioeconomic backgrounds.
Real-world patient characteristics, treatment patterns, efficacy and safety of intramuscular ketamine treatment: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ahuja Sachin , Brendle Madeline , Smart Leo , Moore Claire , Thielking Paul , Robison Reid
Published: February 2022

Background Ketamine has emerged as a promising pharmacotherapy for depression and other mental illnesses, and the intramuscular (IM) administration of ketamine is now offered at many North American outpatient psychiatric clinics. However, a characterization of the outpatient population receiving IM ketamine treatment, and an evaluation of the real-world efficacy and safety of long-term IM ketamine treatment, has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and adverse events of patients receiving IM ketamine treatment.Methods Patient data from the electronic health records of a private outpatient psychiatric clinic network in the United States were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Adults who received ketamine treatment only by IM administration from January 2018 to June 2021 were included; a total of 452 patients were included in the cohort.Results Patients receiving IM ketamine treatment had a mean of 2.8 (SD 1.4) psychiatric diagnoses. 420 (93%) patients had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, 243 (54%) patients had a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, and 126 (28%) patients had a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. Thirty-seven percent (42/114) of patients reported a history of a previous suicide attempt, and patients had an average of 3.1 (SD 2.9) psychiatric medication prescriptions at baseline. Patients received between 1 and 48 IM ketamine treatments. Average depression and anxiety symptoms both significantly improved by 34% (p < .001) from baseline (PHQ-9: mean=16.3, SD=6.7; GAD-7: mean=12.8, SD=5.7) to patients’ last treatment (PHQ-9: mean=10.8, SD=5.9; GAD-7: mean=8.4, SD=5.5), and suicidal ideation scores also significantly improved (p < .001) . With maintenance ketamine treatments, median improvements in depression and anxiety of at least 21% and 19% were maintained for over 13 months. An adverse event occurred during 59 of 2,532 treatments (2.3%).Conclusions IM ketamine is being utilized to treat psychiatric outpatients with a moderate-to-severe mental health history and multiple mental illnesses not limited to depression. Average depression and anxiety levels significantly improve throughout IM ketamine treatment and do not regress to baseline for over one year with maintenance treatments. Prospective studies are recommended to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of IM ketamine.
Synthesis 2-Bromo-6-(4,5-Diphenyl-1-((1-Phenyl-1H-1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl) Methyl)-1H-Imidazol-2-yl) Pyridine Derivatives: Evaluation of Anticancer Activity and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Lakavath Ramdas , Dharmasothu Veeranna , Guguloth Ravi , Bujji Sushmitha , Ramchader Jadhav
Published: February 2022

A series of novel 2-bromo-6-(4,5-diphenyl-1-((subtituted-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine (7a-l) were synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against two human cancer cell lines such as HT-1080 (Human fibro sarcoma cells) and Caco-2(Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) and IC50values were compared against standard anticancer drug doxorubicin. Among all the synthesized compounds 7b, 7c and 7f has shown potent activity against HT-1080. Similarly compounds 7b and 7c shown significant activity among all the synthesized compounds against Caco-2. Furthermore, the results were supported by molecular docking studies.
Libration-Free Cargo Transfer of Floating Space Elevator
Authors: Shi Gefei , Zhu Zheng H.
Published: February 2022

This paper studies the libration-free cargo transfer control of a partial space elevator where the main satellite may change its orbital state in the transfer period. The orbital motion of the main satellite in the climber transfer period is first studied. Then, a reduced-order libration-free dynamics of the partial space elevator is derived. Accordingly, a novel libration-free switching control strategy is proposed to stabilize the cargo transportation with two alternating controllers. The Controller I controls the cargo speed in the libration-free mode by a shrinking horizon model predictive control based on the reduced-order libration-free dynamic mode of the partial space elevator. This leads to high computational efficiency in control. Once the libration is induced by the cargo transfer, the control turns off the Controller I and activates the Controller II to suppress the libration to zero within one time step of the Controller I by a novel prescribed-time control law based on the fixed-time control scheme. The stability of the control is proved in the Lyapunov framework. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are demonstrated by computation simulation. Simulation results reveal that the proposed control strategy is effective in keeping stable cargo transportation while ensuring the equilibrium state at the end of transportation.
Climate change and local anthropogenic activities have altered river flow regimes across Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: Booker Douglas , Snelder Ton
Published: February 2022

River flow regimes influence ecologic, cultural, social, aesthetic, and economic values. Detecting changes in river flows and attributing their causes is important but challenging due to the combined influence of climate and relevant local activities, and the lack of data on water abstraction, drainage modification or land use management. This study assessed the degree to which trends in river flows could be attributed to changes in climate versus local anthropogenic activities across Canterbury, Aotearoa New Zealand. Trends were assessed for a period that started immediately after a change in regulatory regime in 1991 and ended in 2020, that coincided with increases in water abstraction and changes in water management practices. Trends in observed summer conditions indicated that rainfall was stable, temperature increased, and flows decreased for many sites during the assessed period. Models representing flow as a function of rainfall and temperature were trained and tested using cross-validation for an earlier baseline period. Predictions for the 1991–2020 period made with the models were used to account for the effect of change in climate. The difference between predicted and observed flows were attributed to changes in local activities. Decreases in summer flows were partially associated with changes in climate, but changes in summer flows in several catchments were also associated with local activities. The findings indicate changes to both climate and local activities have combined to alter flow regimes, suggesting that hydrological impacts of local activities should be considered alongside climate change when making river flow management decisions.
Intracavitary brachytherapy with additional Heyman capsules in the treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Scharl Sophia , Hugo Christine , Weidenbächer Clara-Bianca , Bronger Holger , Brambs Christine , Kiechle Marion , Makowski Marcus R. , Combs Stephanie E. , Schüttrumpf Lars
Published: February 2022

PurposeBrachytherapy is a mandatory component of primary radiochemotherapy in cervical cancer. The dose can be applied with a traditional intracavitary approach (IC alone) or with multiple catheter brachytherapy to optimize dose distribution in an individual concept. We therefore evaluated whether the utilization of a tandem-ring applicator plus additional intracavitary applicators (add IC) provides an advantage over the traditional IC alone approach as this method is less time consuming and less invasive compared to a combined intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy.Methods23 procedures of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer with additional intracavitary applicators performed in 7 patients treated between 2016 and 2018 in our institution were included in this study. Plans were optimized for D90 HR-CTV with and without the utilization of the additional applicators and compared by statistical analysis. ResultsD90 for HR-CTV was 5.71Gy (± 1.17Gy) for fractions optimized with add IC approach and 5.29Gy (± 1.24Gy) for fractions without additional applicators (p<0.01). This translates to a calculated mean EQD2 HR-CTV D90 of 80.72Gy (± 8.34Gy) compared to 77.84Gy (± 8.49Gy) after external beam therapy and four fractions of brachytherapy for add IC and IC alone respectively (p<0.01). The predictive value of improved coverage of HR-CTV in the first fraction was high.ConclusionIn a subgroup of cases, the addition of intracavitary heyman capsules can be an alternative to interstitial brachytherapy to improve the plan quality compared to standard IC alone brachytherapy. The benefit from the addition of applicators in the first fraction is predictive for the following fractions.
Exploring Infant Feeding Practices and associated factors among HIV Positive Mothers Attending Early Infant Diagnosis Clinic in Northern Uganda.
Authors: mutawulira Ivan , Nakachwa Jane , Muharabu Laymond , Walekhwa Abel Wilson , Kayina Vincent
Published: February 2022

Background
World Health Organisation recommends mothers with Human Immune Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome to exclusively breastfeed their infants for the first six months and there after introduce complimentary feeding up to one year. This study assessed the infant feeding practices and their determinants among HIV positive mothers with infants 0–12 months.
Methodology:
A cross sectional study design adopting qualitative and quantitative data collection procedures was used. Study was carried out from Awach Health Center IV in Gulu city, Uganda. We enrolled 108 participants who were HIV positive mothers with an infant from October to December 2021. It was simple random sampling for collecting quantitative data using an interviewer administered semi structured questionnaire. Two Focuss Group Discussions (FGDs) and 5 Key informants interviews (KII) were used to obtain qualitative data. Data was collected edited coded and entered into epi info. The data was analysed using SPSS version 22. Qualitative data was analysed using Atlas.ti software.
Results
Of the 108 mothers, 83/108 (77%) practiced exclusive breastfeeding, 25/108 (23%) mixed feeding. Qualitative results also showed that exclusive breastfeeding was the preferred choice. Of the respondents 104/108 (96.3%) believed HIV can be transmitted to their babies. Factors associated with infant feeding practices at multivariant level at 5% significance were age of the child (OR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.2100.988), income level (OR = 1.296, 95% CI: 1.150-10.631), knowledge on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (OR = 16, 95% CI: 3.618–34.18), Early infant diagnosis clinic visits (OR = 0.118, 95% CI: 0.019–0.704) and the place of delivery (OR = 1.976, 95% CI: 1.295–13.233).
Conclusion
Majority of the mothers practiced Exclusive breastfeeding, although a high number still practice mixed feeding. Majority of mothers had good knowledge about prevention of mother to child transmission. The factors identified in our study that influence infant feeding practices were Early infant diagnosis clinic visits, age of the child, place of delivery, knowledge on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission. Mothers should deliver from hospitals, more sensitizations for these mothers to appreciate the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.
The Effectiveness of Massive Open Online Course (MOOCS) in Developing Pedagogical and Psychological Processes: A Thematic synthesis
Authors: Jamebozorg Zahra
Published: February 2022

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are web-based platforms that have significantly impacted various aspects of education and learning. This practical and qualitative study was conducted using the thematic synthesis method based on the Atridasterling model. This study investigates the effects of MOOCs on pedagogical and psychological trends in scientific research in international and Iranian studies from 2016 to 2021. Therefore, 125 English and 15 Persian articles were selected and analyzed using the purposeful method and theoretical saturation criteria. The qualitative data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2010. The results showed the effectiveness of MOOCs at the international studies, including the estimated efficiency in learning (Individual learning, learning process, Learning product, Social learning), education (Job skills, Identifying the academic problem, Planning and implementation, Course and educational content), psychological( Self-help skills, Cognitive effectiveness, Functional effectiveness, Life Skills, Motivational effectiveness, positive psychology, emotional effectiveness, Learning Social psychology variables) and pedagogical (Education and higher education processes). The effectiveness of MOOCs in Iranian studies includes the fields of learning (learning efficiency), psychology (improving psychological processes in education), education (improving teaching processes), and technology (promoting digital literacy). Finally, according to the findings, MOOCs can influence many dimensions and the nature of pedagogical and psychological processes.
Investigation of quantum transport and local density of states in a graphene strip connected to a square lattice
Authors: Rostampour Elnaz
Published: February 2022

We theoretically express quantum transport at Dirac points via graphene quantum billiard as a non-magnetic material to connect metallic leads. Our results indicate that the quantum billiard of graphene is similar to a resonant tunneling device. The centerpiece size and the Fermi energy of the graphene quantum billiard play an important role in resonant tunneling. In graphene, a change of carrier density can affect plasmon polaritons. At the Dirac point, the conductivity of graphene depends on the geometry, so that the conduction of the evanescent modes is close to the theoretical value of 4e2/πh (where Planck's constant and the electron charge are denoted by h and e, respectively.). This transport property can be used to justify chaotic quantum systems and ballistic transistors. Our theoretical results demonstrate that the local density of state of the graphene sheet for \({ϵ}_{L}={ϵ}_{R}=0\) is larger than \({ϵ}_{L}={ϵ}_{R}=t\) (where \({ϵ}_{L}\))\({ϵ}_{R}\)( is onsite energy of the left (right) metallic lead) unlike the current obtained from the calculations.
Spheroid culture models imitating the tumor microenvironment of renal and melanoma cancer
Authors: Filipiak Aleksandra , Klaudia Brodaczewska , Aleksandra Majewska , Claudine Kieda
Published: February 2022

Tumor development studies should adapt to the cancer cells specific mechanisms in connection with their microenvironment. Standard two-dimensional (2D) cultures and gas composition are not relevant to the real cancer environment. Existing three-dimensional (3D) models are often requiring sophisticated conditions. Two cancer models were chosen: melanoma (B16F10) and kidney cancer (RenCa). We proposed and characterized a 3D culture method, reporting the presence of hypoxia-related genes/proteins and aggressiveness mechanism (EMT-Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and CSC-Cancer Stem Cells). We validate the proposed 3D method by comparing it with in vivo obtained tumors. We designed method which brings simplicity and reproducibility of the data. Melanoma spheroid-growing cells reached a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and showed induction of hypoxia. Spheroid-recovered RenCa cells were enriched in proliferating cells and displayed delayed hypoxia. A comparable response to hypoxia was observed in 3D spheroids and in vivo tumors for both lines. 3D induced CSC characters in RCC whereas EMT-related mechanisms occurred in the melanoma model. Such distinction in the use of separate aggressiveness-leading pathways was observed in in vivo melanoma vs kidney tumors. 3D models help mimic some features of the corresponding in vivo tumors such as hypoxia and aggressiveness mechanisms. We showed that these two cell models use distinct mechanisms to reach aggressiveness: epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSC) by B16F10 and RenCa cells, respectively. These data on aggressiveness pathways and reaction to hypoxia confirm and validate the proposed 3D models for further design of alternative methods to in vivo studies.
A Novel methodology for planning of charging infrastructure in the scenario of high EV penetration
Authors: Verma Mandhir Kumar , Mukherjee Vivekananda , Yadav Vinod Kumar , Ghosh Santosh
Published: February 2022

This article presents a novel methodology for distribution network expansion planning (DNEP) considering the inclusion of electric vehicles (EV), especially, electric bus (EB) charging loads. The proposed methodology addresses network congestion through an optimum time of charging, cost optimization, new charging infrastructure, and minimization of losses under a set of technical and physical constraints, which represents practical uncertainties. Along with load flow analysis, selection of the number of ports and technology at the host charging station is obtained through the application of response surface methodology. The proposed methodology provides a coordinated planning for the development of EB charging station infrastructure that takes into account the effects of both the power dispersion framework and transportation framework. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is investigated by applying it on 69-node IEEE modified distribution test system considering three charging technologies viz. fast charging, ultra-fast charging, and battery swapping. The results of the proposed model are compared with the direct statistical method and it revealed that the right selection of technology for EB charging and the right planning of the charging infrastructure can effectively optimize the cost of EV charging infrastructure and thereby catalyze the decarbonization of the transportation sector.
A new low complexity bus travel time estimator for fleet management system
Authors: Alizade Emad , Hendessi Ali , Hendessi Faramarz , Hashemi Massoud Reza
Published: February 2022

Improving the experience of using the public transportation system canbe done by estimating the arrival time of the bus and notifying thepassengers. Consequently, the accuracy of the estimation affects thisexperience. As the number of buses, stations, and service areas increases,the data collected in the cloud makes travel time estimation-relateddata processing more challenging. Despite this challenge, a distributedmethod for estimating the arrival time of the bus is considered in thispaper. Also, we present a way to decentralize data processing and distributeit on each bus. Besides, using the Kalman filter and updating theestimated values at short intervals improves the estimation error. Examinationof the degree of complexity shows that the proposed methodhas significantly reduced the complexity in the cloud, which makesthe proposed method implementable in metropolitan areas. The implementationresults on a dataset show that the proposed method has agood performance in terms of mean square error and root mean square.
test
Authors: Aditya Mahendra Marcellino , Tridhatu Satwikasanti Winta , R. Tosan Tri Putro
Published: February 2022

test
The Potential of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Peels as an Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Dieudonne Onguene , Nguefack Julienne , Lekagne Joseph Blaise Dongmo , Daboy Charles Dakole , Mangoumou Ghislaine Ndonkeu
Published: February 2022

Cassava peels are in large quantity and practically of no economic value in many developing nations such as Cameroon, where cassava is widely consumed and processed far beyond other crops. Cassava peels might be used in those countries to face declining soil fertility and soil erosion. This study aimed to evaluate the composting of cassava peels and the effect of the increasing quantity of cassava peels in the bin during the process of composting and to assess some physico-chemical qualities, biological properties and the phytotoxicity of the produced composts. After three months of composting the produced composts (C1; C2; C3 and C4)  had a dark brown color, relatively dry, uniform structure and its texture were similar to the soil's texture. The electrical conductivity of the various composts was in between 1499 and 1924 µS.cm-1. The pH (6.50-6.73), was slightly acid, favorable for the cultivation of sweet pepper. The composts were rich in minerals (Mg2+; Ca2+; K+; and Na+) and poor in heavy metals such as (Cu, Zn and Mn). The composts C/N ratios were between 13.15 to 13.42. The produced composts showed a germination index and the rate of germination higher than 80% at all amounts, indicating the absence of phytotoxicity. The increased amounts of cassava peels did not alter the process of composting and increased the fungal and bacterial populations. In conclusion, cassava peels are good substrates that can be used to produce stable and inclusive organic fertilizers, with high nutrient content, and less hazardous material which could be used in farms to remediate declining soil fertility and to promote sustainable agriculture.
Transport through interacting defects and lack of thermalisation
Authors: del Vecchio del Vecchio Giuseppe , De Luca Andrea , Bastianello Alvise
Published: February 2022

We consider 1D integrable systems supporting ballistic propagation of excitations, perturbed by a localised defect that breaks most conservation laws and induces chaotic dynamics. Focusing on classical systems, we study an out-of-equilibrium protocol engineered activating the defect in an initially homogeneous and far from the equilibrium state. We find that large enough defects induce full thermalisation at their center, but nonetheless the outgoing flow of carriers emerging from the defect is non-thermal due to a generalization of the celebrated Boundary Thermal Resistance effect, occurring at the edges of the chaotic region. Our results are obtained combining ab-initio numerical simulations for relatively small-sized defects, with the solution of the Boltzmann equation, which becomes exact in the scaling limit of large, but weak defects.
Impact of audit committee characteristics on firm performance: Evidence from Bahrain
Authors: Al-Jalahma Abdulla
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between different audit committee attributes and company performance in Bahrain. This paper investigates the impact of audit committee independence, size, and meeting frequency on company performance (employing ROE, ROA, and Tobin’s Q). Data from all 14 non-financial publicly listed companies on Bahrain Bourse during 2005–2019 were used. The results revealed that companies with independent audit committees and big audit committees in terms of size are performing poorly. It is also shown that the number of audit committee meetings does not affect company performance. Further, this study failed to find any association between the number of audit committee meetings and company performance. The findings show that shareholders might lack knowledge of the importance of corporate governance mechanisms. The results of this study should be of potential interest to different stakeholders, including regulators, investors, and auditors, in their attempts to improve company performance and monitoring mechanisms in emerging economies.
Audit Expectation Gap Debates: To What Extent Audit Expectation Gap Defence Auditors?
Authors: Budiarto Adelia Yulma
Published: February 2022

The research aimed to unpack the debate of the audit expectation gap that occurs between the audit profession and the general public. This qualitative research intended to revisit what shapes audit objectives and their difficulties by drawing upon prominent academic debates and publicly available reports. This research argues that the concept of the audit expectation gap is two-fold. At first, the gap has been seen as destruction for the audit profession. However, to a certain extent, the gap is useful for auditors' defence mechanisms from critics, though auditors have to be alert that the gap might turn into an offensive medium and fuel the criticism. To illustrate this contention, this research argues the following. Firstly, the series of accounting scandals, changes of auditing standards towards fraud, and the phenomenon of audit explosion are giving more autonomy for auditors to protect the professions' best interest. Secondly, the issue of audit independence and conflict of interest is favourable for auditors to sustain the gap and maintain the monopoly of the audit business. Instead of being left behind, auditors earned public legitimacy because they manage to build a distinctive image as an expert who was able to work for the greater public interest in a complex, uncertain, conflicted, and stressful working environment. Thirdly, public demand for transparency is hurting audit professions because it increases public mistrust and might reveal audit confidentiality. It even fuels criticism further because auditors have communication difficulties.
Fractional Generating Function from The Square Root of Two with A-B Goen Numbers
Authors: Goenawan Stephanus Ivan
Published: February 2022

The square root of two is an irrational number that cannot be written as a fraction of the numerator and denominator. By using the generating function of A-B Goen, from the resulting set of numbers, the sequence of A-B Goen numbers can be obtained by selecting integer numbers. The A Goen numbers are generated from the generator function which have integer numbers, while the B Goen numbers are obtained from the sequence numbers. In this study, through the generating function of A-B Goen, it can be proven that the division between the A Goen number and the B Goen number in an infinite sequence will result the value of the square root of two.
A Systematic Literature Review: Acrophobia Treatment with Virtual Reality
Authors: Giraldy David Jose , Novaldo Wilson
Published: February 2022

Virtual Reality (VR) is becoming more popular as a treatment option for many phobias. We present a method that uses virtual reality in treatment to cure acrophobia in this research. Acrophobia is an anxiety condition that occurs when a person is exposed to heights. The goal of our study is to see whether Virtual Reality technology can be used to treat acrophobia. We conducted a comprehensive literature evaluation on publications relevant to acrophobia and virtual reality that were located on Google Scholar using a keyword-based search strategy. We noticed that the majority of papers involve more than two persons as a sample and use virtual reality exposure treatment. The participants' anxiety levels decrease with each exposure, suggesting that VR-based exposure might be employed as an acrophobic alternative treatment.
Safe-Deposit Box Using Fingerprint and Blynk
Authors: Yulianto Yulianto , Juarto Budi , Rachmawati Ika Dyah Agustia , Yulistiani Risma
Published: February 2022

The criminal act of robbery really makes people nervous, especially in urban areas. There are many ways that can be done to avoid robbery at home and office, such as increasing the security system in the house to protect valuables. Safe-deposit boxes are items that are used to store valuables. Safe-deposit box is used to prevent against theft who want to take valuable things. To increase security, technology has begun to develop for security in various ways, such as fingerprints, passwords, and buzzers. This research will focus on a safe security system using a fingerprint that is connected to the internet with the Blynk application so that the user will get a safe notification when the servo condition is open or closed. The fingerprint sensor is an access to open doors, the Arduino Uno microcontroller is a storage for command logic on the system, the stepper motor acts as an activator for opening and closing servo and the Esp8266 module as a Wi-Fi module that connects equipment components using the internet network with the Blynk application which is used as distance control and notification of incoming access to homes with the concept of Internet of Things (IoT).
Vibration characteristics of flexible manipulator based on EVO trajectory effect by the constraints and parameters variation
Authors: Zhang Hao , Sun Zhonghan , Fu Yujun , Han Qingkai
Published: February 2022

This paper studies the vibration control effect for manipulators with both flexible link and flexible joint according to the energy-vibration-optimal (EVO) trajectory planning method effect by the constraint conditions and structure parameters. First, a dynamic model of the flexible joint-flexible link arm is established following the assumed modal method and Lagrange principle. The optimization model is then proposed and discretized using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) trajectory planning method and the trajectory optimization of discrete result algorithm, taking into account both residual oscillation and energy consumption. Following that, the numerical trajectory optimization results and their vibration suppression effect analysis by different constraint conditions, such as driving constraints, time constraints, and joint stiffness, are compared and discussed. The results show that the optimization velocity trajectory tends to a S-shaped trajectory and a convex trajectory respectively with the increase of driving velocity constraint and acceleration constraint respectively, while the sufficient planning time can make the less energy consumption. The parameter variations of length, cross-sectional area and next link lumped mass of have a significant impact on the residual oscillation of the flexible arm, with length having the most influence, whereas joint stiffness has little influence on the residual oscillation of the flexible link. The processing accuracy of length, cross-sectional area and end quality parameters must be ensured, while joint stiffness accuracy requirements can be slightly relaxed during the actual processing. Finally, experiments show that the optimization method is effective at vibration suppression. While the small variations of the end mass have significant influence on the vibration suppression effect, the residual vibrations of the parameter variation ones are all larger than the original parameter one. Meanwhile, as the mass of the manipulator increases, so does its energy consumption.
Hydrologic response of arid and semi-arid river basins in Iraq under a changing climate
Authors: Saeed F. H. , Al-Khafaji M. S. , Al-Faraj F.
Published: February 2022

An assessment of the total hydrologic response of arid and semi-arid river basins to various scenarios of climate change by considering evapotranspiration, streamflow, and snowmelt is essential for sustainable management of water resources. The Diyala River Basin in Iraq has been chosen as a typical case study of dozens of river basins in arid and semi-arid regions. Here, the Long Ashton Research Station-Weather Generator (LARS-WG), the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), and the SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program (CUP) were used to evaluate the total response by considering three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs); RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 over three periods, 2021–2040, 2041–2061, and 2061–2080. The results indicate that by the year 2080, the basin will experience a temperature increase by 6.6, 10.1, and 16.6% for RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5, respectively. The corresponding reduction in precipitation will be 3.2, 6.4, and 8.7%, resulting in 38.8, 47.9, and 52.8% fall in streamflow for RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively. Due to the increase in temperature, an earlier and less contribution of snowmelt is expected in the projected streamflow. Our findings provide a useful reference and a guide to decision makers for developing adaption plans to sustainably manage water resources in the Diyala River Basin and other similar basins in arid and semi-arid regions.
Conditions of Sustainable Development for Sme Entities in the Course of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mrochkovskiy N. S.
Published: February 2022

A number of international organizations have published recently the forecasts concerning aspects of economic impact exerted by corona-virus pandemic. In July update of economic outlook for 2020 the IMF forecast a drop in global GDP by 4.9% in 2020, which is lower by 1.9 per cent point in comparison with the April forecast, which will be followed by partial restoration and growth by 5.4% in 2021. The report on global investment for July 2020 shows a downfall in global foreign investment to 40% in 2020 and later its further decline by 10% in 2021. MOT estimates the COVID-19 impact, which will cause an increase in global unemployment by 5.3 m (a low scenario) and 24.7 m (a high scenario). It proves that support of business activity will be especially difficult for small and medium enterprises. The article shows how COVID-19 pandemic influences entities of small and medium entrepreneurship (SME) and demonstrates first evidences and estimations of its impact. It also provides a list of political steps aimed at raising SME sustainability in 60 countries. Taking into account the fact that the situation is changing very fast, the review of possible steps is not exhaustive, in some cases it includes political measures only planned for implementation that are being still discussed or considered. The latest surveys of enterprises showed a certain improvement of the situation connected with serious political efforts aimed at elimination of liquidity deficit at small and medium enterprises and suspension of local restrictions in some countries. In this context political perspective is slowly shifting from measures of supporting liquidity for SME entities, which are still a priority in the majority of countries, to measures of supporting restoration.
Developing the Efficient System of Organization Governance Based on Optimization of Its Counterpart Liabilities
Authors: Lukasheva O. L. , Novikova N. E. , Melnikov V. A. , Stepanov A. A.
Published: February 2022

The efficiency of any organization work and its financial wellbeing depend mainly on policy of managing debt receivable and its results. It is explained by the fact that debtor liabilities form the current company assets by 30–40% on average. To provide liquidity and solvency organization top management shall not allow the excessive immobilization of own working capital and its freezing in the form of non-repaid counterpart liabilities. At the same time to minimize debt receivable in current condition of company functioning is not possible. The principle cause of debt receivable rise is high competition on food and service market, due to which companies offer to their clients different conditions of settlement by contracts. This practice results in cash deficiency and can have a negative impact on finance standing of the company, which requires using different tools that could provide the timely repay of liabilities by counterparts. The article substantiates that only complex and systematic application of different methods of debt receivable optimization can give an opportunity to reach the result and raise efficiency of organization work. The effective control over debt receivable is possible, if the system is built that allows to get operative information and encashment of indebtedness without exposing the company to risks, as its excessive amount and low quality threaten profitability and solvency of the organization.
Microcosm of Ecologic Taxation in Russia
Authors: Zatsarnaya N. A.
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes wordings of the category ‘ecosystem’ as a form of interaction in economics. Drawbacks of the current definitions of the term were identified and the wording of the category ‘ecosystem’, which is the most substantiated for the present research, was presented. The term ‘microcosm of ecologic taxation’ was introduced and defined. Common features and differences, the structure, elements and the internal set-up of the ecosystem and microcosm were described. The author underlined the strategic importance of the ecosystem approach in view of possible evolution of the ecosystem (microcosm) value (principle idea) in conditions of instability, the place of microcosm of ecologic taxation was identified in the economic system of Russia. The key part in microcosm being studied is assigned not to economic entities and administrative agents but to the network of interrelations, tools and control levers integrating them. The forms of its actors’ interaction are shown, i. e. persons united by their involvement in ecologic tax payment (beneficiaries, tax payers and bearers). The idea and definition of the cluster as an association underlying microcosm were given. The cluster was shown as a complicated association of simple entities of economic relations, working in similar social-demographic, climatic and natural-resource conditions. The cluster structure was depicted as an element of the structure of ecologic taxation microcosm. The article substantiated the possibility to use microcosm of ecologic taxation as a management tool aimed at providing ecologic security of the country.
Research on Automatic Detection of Microelectrodes Based on Machine
Vision Technology
Authors: Xiong Qiuju , Qi Mingzhen , Shu Tong , Liu Yong
Published: February 2022

Background:

Microfabrication has gradually become a hot spot in the manufacturing
industry in recent years, and in the process of microfabrication, the processing of microelectrodes is
very important. The precision and error control of the microelectrodes play a vital role in the final
machining results. Based on digital image processing technology and Matlab software, this paper
designs a microelectrode automatic measurement system. Through preprocessing and image segmentation
of the microelectrode image, the electrode size can be obtained quickly. Compared with
the size measured by the microscope, the detection size of this system has an error of less than 4%
and coaxiality measured error within 6%. The results show that the system has the characteristics of
high measurement accuracy and fast detection speed and can meet the requirements of rapid size
measurement of microelectrodes.

Objective:

The purpose of this research is to improve the efficiency of size detection when manufacturing
a large number of microelectrodes by developing an automatic detection system. This system
has made relevant optimization on the error control of the size detection to ensure that the error is
within the allowable range.

Method:

Firstly, the original images of the microelectrodes were obtained using an electron microscope.
Secondly, the necessary image processing had been done for the image: gray processing, binarization,
median filtering, morphological processing, and large background noise removal. These
processes are automatically carried out in the system. In addition, three methods of measuring coaxiality
error are proposed, and the first measurement algorithm with the minimum deviation is selected
and put into the system, which can ensure the accuracy of coaxiality offset. Finally, the diameter
of the microelectrode was measured, and the coaxiality offset of the microelectrode was measured
by various methods. After the comparison of the measured values manually, the algorithm with the
minimum deviation was selected and put into the system.

Results:

The diameter and coaxiality of the cylindrical microelectrode and the cylindrical microelectrode
with a ball head are successfully measured, and the measurement error is within 4% after
comparison, showing that the automatic measurement system has great measurement efficiency.

Conclusion:

The comparison of the electrode measurement results of this system with the manual
measurement results shows that the automatic measurement system developed in this paper can
meet the accuracy requirements for measuring the diameter of the microelectrodes, and can significantly
improve the measurement efficiency compared with manual measurement.
Manual de zooplancton: ensenada de Gaira
Authors:   Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Colombia, Ávila-Parga Guerly , Dueñas-Ramírez Pedro Ricardo ,   Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Colombia, Sánchez-García Reyes ,   Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Colombia, Villatoro-Fraile Miguel ,   Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Colombia
Published: February 2022

Este manual surge como una estrategia de aprovechamiento del material obtenido durante los muestreos zooplanctónicos realizados con estudiantes de Biología Marina, en la Ensenada de Gaira, región de Santa Marta en el Caribe colombiano, y la conveniencia de contar con un registro de algunas de las especies componentes del zooplancton presente en esas aguas; registro que facilitará en particular a los estudiantes de la región y en general a los investigadores interesados el conocimiento de las especies zooplanctónicas locales. En atención a la biodiversidad encontrada en las muestras y al no poder trabajar en todos los grupos presentes, se hizo una selección que tuviera en cuenta que los organismos escogidos representaran a los grupos más desconocidos en la zona de muestreo y sus alrededores. Esperamos que este manual se considere el inicio de una serie, y sea un incentivo para que investigadores y amantes de estos organismos realicen un atlas de zooplancton del Caribe y Pacífico de Colombia.