bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphologie affixale et radicale du verbe simple kulung
Authors: LAMONTRE Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2022

Cet article esquisse la description morphologique du verbe simple en kulung (kiranti, tibéto-birman), à l’ exclusion des formations réfléchies et composées. Comme l’ ensemble des langues kiranties, le kulung se signale par une morphologie verbale non triviale associant polysynthèse, indexation biactantielle et allormorphie radicale. La description de la morphologie affixale clarifie et complète celle qu’ en donne Tolsma (2006). La description de l’ allomorphie radicale fait appel à la notion d’ espace thématique telle qu’ explicitée dans les travaux de Boyé & Bonami (2003) et Bonami (2014). L’ ensemble des modifications apportées à la description de Tolsma (2006) repose à la fois sur une analyse des contradictions internes de l’ ouvrage, et sur l’ analyse d’ un corpus opportuniste de 150 000 mots.
Aspek Fawāṣil Dalam Manuskrip Al-Quran Terengganu IAMM 2012.13.6 Dan Implikasi Terhadap Penafsiran Ayat Dalam Surah Al-Baqarah
Authors: bin Azmi Riswadi , bin Abdullah Mustaffa , bin Embong Abdul Hanis
Published: March 2022

Terengganu Quran manuscript is one of the best manuscripts ever produced in the 19th century AD. Copying this manuscript requires precision in various aspects, especially in the aspect of writing because it is a scripture that needs to be preserved. Since at that time there was no evidence to say that there was a body that checked the accuracy of the writing method, then a study on the aspect of the fawāṣil is very necessary to do. This study focuses on the Terengganu Quran manuscript IAMM 2012.13.6 which is a collection at the Islamic Art Museum Malaysia. The objective of this study is to look at the aspect of fawāṣil which is one of the important aspects in the writing of the Quran. In addition, the meaning aspect of the sentence is also examined to see if it has implications that can change the meaning of the sentence. Qualitative research methods are used to examine the text of the Quran from surah al-Baqarah and the data are analyzed using inductive and deductive methods. The same method is also used to examine aspects of sentence meaning. The results of the study found that there is a difference of fawāṣil in the Terengganu Quran manuscript if seen in the view of the scholars fawāṣil. Differences in this aspect have led to the effect of sentence interpretation. However, this difference does not change the law because the place of the difference does not occur in the sentence of law. The results of the study also prove, most likely that the writer of this manuscript has its own method based on the knowledge available at that time.
On the uncommon genera Pseudiastata Coquillett and Hyalistata Wheeler (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Steganinae): new species and additional records from the Neotropical Region
Authors: COSTA SÁVIO CUNHA , PIRANI GABRIELA , OLIVEIRA SARAH SIQUEIRA
Published: March 2022

Two uncommon genera of Steganinae (Drosophilidae) are herein studied based on material from the Neotropical Region, Pseudiastata Coquillett and Hyalistata Wheeler. Additional records for Pseudiastata Coquillett are provided, including the redescription of the species Pseudiastata brasiliensis Costa Lima, originally described in 1937. An update to the morphological nomenclature is also proposed, as well as a lectotype and some paralectotype designations. Moreover, the genus Hyalistata Wheeler, for which two new species are described (Hyalistata cerradensis sp. nov. and Hyalistata emas sp. nov.) is first recorded in Brazil. We present photographs and detailed illustrations of the terminalia of all species described here.
Johnius sasakii, a new species of croaker (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) with a key to Johnius from East Malaysia, Borneo
Authors: HANAFI NORHAFIZ , CHEN MENG-HSIEN , SEAH YING GIAT , CHANG CHIH-WEI , LIU SHANG YIN VANSON , CHAO NING LABBISH
Published: March 2022

A new sciaenid fish, Johnius sasakii sp. nov. from the East Malaysian coastal waters of Sabah and Sarawak, Borneo is described herein. Johnius sasakii sp. nov. can be separated from the close congeners, Johnius heterolepis and Johnius carouna by having less gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (mode number 9 vs. 10 for J. heterolepis; 11 for J. carouna). It can be distinguished from J. heterolepis with the higher modal number of gill rakers on the upper limb of first gill arch (5 vs. 4), shorter anal-fin base length (9% vs. 10% of SL) and first anal-fin ray length (10–12% vs. 12–13% of SL) respectively. Furthermore, J. sasakii sp. nov. can be further differentiated from J. carouna by its shorter second anal-fin spine length 7–10% SL (usually 8–10%) vs. 11–14% SL (usually 11–12%) and slightly deeper body depth 25–29% SL (usually 26–28%) vs. 23–28% SL (usually 24–26%). Meanwhile, J. sasakii sp. nov. can be easily differentiated from J. macrorhynus by a present of molariform teeth on inner rows of jaws and stumpy gill rakers. Johnius (Johnius) sasakii sp. nov. can be clearly distinguished from species of the subgenus J. (Johnieops) by the lack of enlarged outer row teeth on upper jaw. A Kimura 2-parameter genetic distance comparison of 450 bp sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA and 488 bp nuclear gene S7 showed that J. sasakii sp. nov. are highly differentiated from J. heterolepis (16S: 10.4%, S7: 5.8%), J. carouna (16S:19.3%, S7:8.4%); and J. macrorhynus (16S: 16.7%, S7: 8.1%) respectively. The study highlights that the genetic approach from mtDNA and nDNA can contribute to the confirmation of taxonomic status of sympatric species in genus Johnius.
Dilated cardiomyopathy: An unusual and severe condition in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Bouayed Kenza , Faid Tiaaza , Sakhi Asmaa , Boutaleb Amine Mamoun , Drighil Abdenasser
Published: March 2022

Background

Systemic juvenile lupus erythematosus can affect any organ including the heart. While pericarditis and endocarditis are the most common cardiac complications, dilated cardiomyopathy remains rare. We report the full recovery of dilated cardiomyopathy in a girl with juvenile lupus.

Case presentation

A 7-year-old girl presented with persistent fever, weight loss, alopecia, positive anti-lupus antibodies, and decreased complement. Examination found dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypotension. Chest X-ray revealed an enlarged cardiac silhouette, and echocardiography showed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35%. After excluding other causes, systemic lupus erythematosus related dilated cardiomyopathy was selected. Heart failure treatment, Prednisone, and hydroxychloroquine were prescribed. On day three, she developed macrophage activation syndrome which responded to methylprednisolone boluses. Clinical and biological improvement was observed after 4 weeks, normalization of echocardiography after 4 months.

Conclusion

A review of the literature confirmed the rare and severe nature of dilated cardiomyopathy in juvenile lupus emphasizing the importance of performing echocardiography at the slightest cardiac sign.
3GOLD: optimized Levenshtein distance for clustering third-generation sequencing data
Authors: Logan Robert , Fleischmann Zoe , Annis Sofia , Wehe Amy Wangsness , Tilly Jonathan L. , Woods Dori C. , Khrapko Konstantin
Published: March 2022

Background

Third-generation sequencing offers some advantages over next-generation sequencing predecessors, but with the caveat of harboring a much higher error rate. Clustering-related sequences is an essential task in modern biology. To accurately cluster sequences rich in errors, error type and frequency need to be accounted for. Levenshtein distance is a well-established mathematical algorithm for measuring the edit distance between words and can specifically weight insertions, deletions and substitutions. However, there are drawbacks to using Levenshtein distance in a biological context and hence has rarely been used for this purpose. We present novel modifications to the Levenshtein distance algorithm to optimize it for clustering error-rich biological sequencing data.

Results

We successfully introduced a bidirectional frameshift allowance with end-user determined accommodation caps combined with weighted error discrimination. Furthermore, our modifications dramatically improved the computational speed of Levenstein distance. For simulated ONT MinION and PacBio Sequel datasets, the average clustering sensitivity for 3GOLD was 41.45% (S.D. 10.39) higher than Sequence-Levenstein distance, 52.14% (S.D. 9.43) higher than Levenshtein distance, 55.93% (S.D. 8.67) higher than Starcode, 42.68% (S.D. 8.09) higher than CD-HIT-EST and 61.49% (S.D. 7.81) higher than DNACLUST. For biological ONT MinION data, 3GOLD clustering sensitivity was 27.99% higher than Sequence-Levenstein distance, 52.76% higher than Levenshtein distance, 56.39% higher than Starcode, 48% higher than CD-HIT-EST and 70.4% higher than DNACLUST.

Conclusion

Our modifications to Levenshtein distance have improved its speed and accuracy compared to the classic Levenshtein distance, Sequence-Levenshtein distance and other commonly used clustering approaches on simulated and biological third-generation sequenced datasets. Our clustering approach is appropriate for datasets of unknown cluster centroids, such as those generated with unique molecular identifiers as well as known centroids such as barcoded datasets. A strength of our approach is high accuracy in resolving small clusters and mitigating the number of singletons.
Implications of analysing time-to-event outcomes as binary in meta-analysis: empirical evidence from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Salika Theodosia , Turner Rebecca M. , Fisher David , Tierney Jayne F. , White Ian R.
Published: March 2022

Background

Systematic reviews and meta-analysis of time-to-event outcomes are frequently published within the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). However, these outcomes are handled differently across meta-analyses. They can be analysed on the hazard ratio (HR) scale or can be dichotomized and analysed as binary outcomes using effect measures such as odds ratios (OR) or risk ratios (RR). We investigated the impact of reanalysing meta-analyses from the CDSR that used these different effect measures.

Methods

We extracted two types of meta-analysis data from the CDSR: either recorded in a binary form only (“binary”), or in binary form together with observed minus expected and variance statistics (“OEV”). We explored how results for time-to-event outcomes originally analysed as “binary” change when analysed using the complementary log–log (clog-log) link on a HR scale. For the data originally analysed as HRs (“OEV”), we compared these results to analysing them as binary on a HR scale using the clog-log link or using a logit link on an OR scale.

Results

The pooled HR estimates were closer to 1 than the OR estimates in the majority of meta-analyses. Important differences in between-study heterogeneity between the HR and OR analyses were also observed. These changes led to discrepant conclusions between the OR and HR scales in some meta-analyses. Situations under which the clog-log link performed better than logit link and vice versa were apparent, indicating that the correct choice of the method does matter. Differences between scales arise mainly when event probability is high and may occur via differences in between-study heterogeneity or via increased within-study standard error in the OR relative to the HR analyses.

Conclusions

We identified that dichotomising time-to-event outcomes may be adequate for low event probabilities but not for high event probabilities. In meta-analyses where only binary data are available, the complementary log–log link may be a useful alternative when analysing time-to-event outcomes as binary, however the exact conditions need further exploration. These findings provide guidance on the appropriate methodology that should be used when conducting such meta-analyses.
Asthma and COPD exacerbation in relation to outdoor air pollution in the metropolitan area of Berlin, Germany
Authors: Hoffmann Christina , Maglakelidze Mariam , von Schneidemesser Erika , Witt Christian , Hoffmann Peter , Butler Tim
Published: March 2022

Background

Ambient air pollution poses a major risk for the development and aggravation of respiratory diseases. Evidence suggests that even in low-level air pollution environments there is a risk for an increase in adverse respiratory symptoms. We examined whether variations in daily air pollution levels of nitrogen dioxide, ozone, or particulate matter in Berlin, Germany were associated with hospital admissions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma patients in a time series analysis.

Methods

We calculated single and multi-pollutant models, investigated possible lags in effect, and analysed the influence of meteorological variables on the results. Data from January 2005 through December 2015 were used to quantify the concentration–response.

Results

The risk ratio for asthma patients to be hospitalised on the same day of NO2 exposure was 1.101 per 10 µg/m3 NO2 increase (95% CI: 1.013 to 1.195), for COPD patients 1.123 (95% CI: 1.081 to 1.168). Neither the exposure to ozone (95% CI: 0.904 to 1.020), PM10 (95% CI: 0.990 to 1.127), nor PM2.5 (95% CI: 0.981 to 1.148) was associated with an increased risk ratio for asthma patients to be hospitalised. Risk ratios for the hospital admission of COPD patients were also not increased due to ozone (95% CI: 0.981 to 1.033), PM10 (95% CI: 0.988 to 1.032), or PM2.5 (95% CI: 0.966 to 1.019) exposure. The presented risk ratios and confidence intervals relate to the day of exposure. We found no increased hospitalisation risks with a delayed occurrence on subsequent days.

Conclusions

A quantifiable, statistically significant increase in risk for asthma and COPD exacerbations owing to NO2 exposure at levels well below European regulatory limit values was observed.
The emerging role of deubiquitylating enzymes as therapeutic targets in cancer metabolism
Authors: Tu Rongfu , Ma Junpeng , Zhang Peng , Kang Ye , Xiong Xiaofan , Zhu Junsheng , Li Miao , Zhang Chengsheng
Published: March 2022

Cancer cells must rewire cellular metabolism to satisfy the unbridled proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming provides not only the advantage for cancer cell proliferation but also new targets for cancer treatment. However, the plasticity of the metabolic pathways makes them very difficult to target. Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) are proteases that cleave ubiquitin from the substrate proteins and process ubiquitin precursors. While the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, many DUBs have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and progression via controlling the dysregulated cancer metabolism, and consequently recognized as potential drug targets for cancer treatment. In this article, we summarized the significant progress in understanding the key roles of DUBs in cancer cell metabolic rewiring and the opportunities for the application of DUBs inhibitors in cancer treatment, intending to provide potential implications for both research purpose and clinical applications.
Successful treatment with proton beam therapy for a solitary sternal metastasis of breast cancer: a case report
Authors: Ishikawa Yojiro , Suzuki Motohisa , Yamaguchi Hisashi , Seto Ichiro , Machida Masanori , Takagawa Yoshiaki , Jingu Keiichi , Kikuchi Yasuyuki , Murakami Masao
Published: March 2022

Background

Breast cancer infrequently metastasizes to the sternum as solitary metastasis. We experienced successful treatment with proton beam therapy for a case of sternal metastasis of breast cancer. This case demonstrates for the first time the role of proton therapy in the treatment of oligometastatic sternal metastasis with limited tolerance of normal tissue due to previous photon irradiation.

Case presentation

A 40-year-old Japanese female presented with lumpiness in her left breast. The patient was diagnosed with breast cancer (cT1N0M0, cStage IA) and underwent partial mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. After the mastectomy, the patient received radiation therapy with 50 Gy in 25 fractions for initial irradiation of the left breast. After the initial irradiation of 50 Gy, the patient received 10 Gy in five fractions of a sequential boost for the tumor bed to a total dose of 60 Gy. Although the patient was administered tamoxifen after radiation therapy, solitary sternal metastasis occurred 6 months after radiation therapy. She refused chemotherapy and requested proton beam therapy for her sternal metastasis. The daily proton beam therapy fractions were 2.5 relative biological effectiveness, receiving a total dose of 70 Gy relative biological effectiveness. An acute side effect of grade 2 dermatitis according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. occurred during proton beam therapy, but there was no acute or late complication of more than grade 3. At 3 years after proton beam therapy, the patient remains in complete remission without surgery or chemotherapy.

Discussion and conclusion

Proton beam therapy for solitary sternal metastasis of breast cancer is considered to be a therapeutic option.
Lonely, harassed and abandoned in society: the lived experiences of Iranian homeless youth
Authors: Johari Fatemeh , Iranpour Abedin , Dehghan Mahlagha , Alizadeh Somayeh , Safizadeh Mansoure , Sharifi Hamid
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Homelessness is increasing among young adults in large cities. According to the United Nations, there are more than one billion absolute or relative homeless people in the world. This study was conducted to explain the lived experiences of homeless youth in southeastern Iran.

Materials and methods

In this qualitative study, we recruited 13 participants in a big city, southeast Iran, in 2020. The participant was young homeless adults aged 18–29 years who were using homeless shelters provided by the municipality, sleeping in parks or on streets. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions. Data were analyzed by conventional qualitative content analysis.

Results

The main category of “lonely, annoyed, and abandoned in society” and three subcategories of avoidance of/by society, comprehensive harassment, and lack of comprehensive support were extracted. The experiences of young homeless adults showed that they escaped from the community due to addiction, feeling like a burden to others, and social isolation, and not only have they been left without support in society, but they have also suffered from all kinds of physical and psychological harassments.

Conclusion

The lived experiences of homeless people show that in addition to appropriate facilities and living conditions, they require respect, reduced social stigma, discrimination, and favorable conditions for a return to life. Therefore, authorities should identify and settle their problems and needs.
Stress detection using natural language processing and machine learning over social interactions
Authors: Nijhawan Tanya , Attigeri Girija , Ananthakrishna T.
Published: March 2022

Cyberspace is a vast soapbox for people to post anything that they witness in their day-to-day lives. Social media content is mostly used for review, opinion, influence, or sentiment analysis. In this paper, we aim to extend sentiment and emotion analysis for detecting the stress of an individual based on the posts and comments shared by him/her on social networking platforms. We leverage large-scale datasets with tweets to accomplish sentiment analysis with the aid of machine learning algorithms and a deep learning model, BERT for sentiment classification. We also adopted Latent Dirichlet Allocation which is an unsupervised machine learning method for scanning a group of documents, recognizing the word and phrase patterns within them, and gathering word groups and alike expressions that most precisely illustrate a set of documents. This helps us to predict which topic is linked to the textual data. With the aid of these models, we will be able to detect the emotion of users online. Further, these emotions can be used to analyze stress or depression. In conclusion, the ML models and a BERT model have a very good detection rate. This research is useful for the well-being of one's mental health. The results are evaluated using various metrics at the macro and micro levels and indicate that the trained model detects the status of emotions based on social interactions.
Bridging the gap between academia and practice: novel organogram at the Pharmacy Council of India
Authors: Doshi Mansi , Parbat Minesh , Paudyal Vibhu , Marriott John
Published: March 2022

Harm with inappropriate and irrational use of medications is a global challenge. The need for and patient access to medicines optimisation services is apparent globally and amplified in India due to multiple reasons. Clinical pharmacists are ideally placed to promote patient safety with medicines use optimisation and other pharmaceutical care services through appropriate legislative, policy, and compensation mechanisms to achieve optimal patient outcomes. The need is for a move at a global level, an enabling organisational structure at Pharmacy Councils and in practice regulations, particularly in countries where clinical roles are still in infancy. This narrative describes the current status and future needs for development of medicines optimisation services across sectors through regulatory and organisational reforms at the Pharmacy Council of India with additional registration, continuing professional development, renewal and licensing requirements for clinical pharmacists to respond to patient and societal needs in India.
Cross-sectional survey of SARS-CoV-2 testing at US airports and one health department’s proactive management of travelers
Authors: Shaum Anna , Figueroa Argelia , Lee Danica , Ertl Allison , Rothney Erin , Borntrager Denise , Davenport Emily , Gulati Reena K. , Brown Clive M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Many health departments and private enterprises began offering SARS-CoV-2 testing to travelers at US airports in 2020. Persons with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results who have planned upcoming travel may be subject to US federal public health travel restrictions.

We assessed availability of testing for SARS-CoV-2 at major US airports. We then describe the management of cases and close contacts at Denver International Airport’s testing site.

Methods

We selected 100 US airports. Online surveys were conducted during November–December 2020 and assessed availability of testing for air travelers, flight crew, and airport employees. Respondents included health department (HD) staff or airport directors.

We analyzed testing data and management practices for persons who tested positive and their close contacts at one airport (Denver International) from 12/21/2020 to 3/31/2021.

Results

Among the 100 selected airports, we received information on 77 airports; 38 (49%) had a testing site and several more planned to offer one (N = 7; 9%). Most sites began testing in the fall of 2020. The most frequently offered tests were RT-PCR or other NAAT tests (N = 28).

Denver International Airport offered voluntary SARS-CoV-2 testing. Fifty-four people had positive results among 5724 tests conducted from 12/21/2020 to 3/31/2021 for a total positivity of < 1%. Of these, 15 were travelers with imminent flights. The Denver HD issued an order requiring the testing site to immediately report cases and notify airlines to cancel upcoming flight itineraries for infected travelers and their traveling close contacts, minimizing the use of federal travel restrictions.

Conclusions

As of December 2020, nearly half of surveyed US airports had SARS-CoV-2 testing sites. Such large-scale adoption of airport testing for a communicable disease is unprecedented and presents new challenges for travelers, airlines, airports, and public health authorities. This assessment was completed before the US and other countries began enforcing entry testing requirements; testing at airports will likely increase as travel demand returns and test requirements for travel evolve.

Lessons from Denver demonstrate how HDs can play a key role in engaging airport testing sites to ensure people who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 immediately before travel do not travel on commercial aircraft.
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can deteriorate vaccination efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at subtoxic levels
Authors: Rückner Antje , Plagge Lisa , Heenemann Kristin , Harzer Maxi , Thaa Bastian , Winkler Janine , Dänicke Sven , Kauffold Johannes , Vahlenkamp Thomas W.
Published: March 2022

Background

Feedgrain contamination with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON, “vomitoxin”) is relatively frequently encountered. Pigs are particularly sensitive to the toxicity of DON. To assess the interplay between DON and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), we performed an experimental DON exposure–PRRSV vaccination–challenge infection trial. Three-week-old piglets were divided into four groups. Groups I, II and III (10 animals/group) were vaccinated with a PRRSV modified live vaccine and 2 weeks later challenged with a heterologous field strain. While group I was not supplemented with DON, animals in groups II and III received DON for 4 weeks prior to challenge infection at levels that can be encountered in pig feed, employing a low-dose or high-dose regime (group II: 40 µg DON/kg body weight per day; group III: 80 µg DON/kg body weight per day, corresponding to approx. 1 or 2 mg DON/kg feed, respectively). Eight animals (group IV; unvaccinated, not DON exposed) served as control animals for the challenge infection.

Results

We assessed clinical signs, virus load in serum and various organs as well as antibody titres in the animals. All vaccinated animals mounted an efficient PRRSV-specific antibody response within 2 weeks, except for 20% of the animals receiving the higher DON dose. Upon virus challenge, the vaccinated animals in group I were protected from clinical signs. Vaccinated DON-exposed animals in group II and III were protected from clinical signs to a lesser extent. Clinical signs in group III receiving the higher dose of DON were as severe as in the (unvaccinated, not DON exposed) control group IV. The animals of group III also displayed lower antibody titres compared with the animals in group I and II.

Conclusions

The experimental vaccination/challenge study therefore revealed that exposure of pigs to DON for a period of 4 weeks deteriorates the efficacy of vaccination against clinical signs of PRRS.
Development and content validation of a self-completed, electronic Pediatric Asthma Symptom Diary
Authors: Clark Marci , Romano Carla , Olayinka-Amao Oyebimpe , Whalley Diane , Crawford Rebecca , Pathak Purnima , Brindicci Caterina , Garg Kristin , Kordy Kattayoun , Everhard Francois , Patalano Francesco , Roesler Zach , Sutton Thomas , Göransson Oskar , Landles Ross , Naujoks Christel , Marvel Jessica , Keininger Dorothy L.
Published: March 2022

Background

Childhood asthma is an important unmet need. To date, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for children with asthma have used a combination of caregiver or proxy-reported and self-reported measures. No comprehensive measure is available to assess the severity and impact of daytime and nighttime asthma symptoms and rescue medication use for self-completion by children aged 6–11 years. This study aimed to develop a novel, interactive, electronic Pediatric Asthma Symptom Diary (ePASD) measuring self-reported key symptom severity and proximal impacts of asthma in young children with varying reading ability and disease severity, consistent with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) PRO guidance and the International Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) good research practices.

Methods

A targeted literature review and clinician interviews were undertaken to characterize symptoms and impacts experienced by children with mild-to-severe asthma. Concept elicitation interviews (CEIs) were conducted with 44 children and their caregivers (30 US; 14 UK). Following item and digital application development, the ePASD was assessed for relevance, understanding, and interpretability through cognitive debriefing interviews (CDIs) with 21 US children. Face validity/translatability assessments were also performed.

Results

Key measurement concepts included cough, wheeze, difficulty breathing, chest tightness/discomfort, nighttime awakening, and daytime activity limitations. Concept saturation was reached during CEIs for primary asthma-related daytime and nighttime symptoms and core impacts. Most CDI participants found the ePASD items clear, understandable, and comprehensive. Standardized training is anticipated to facilitate reliable child self-report.

Conclusion

The ePASD, a novel PROM for children aged 6–11 years with asthma, uses an innovative multimedia approach and has been developed in accordance with FDA PRO guidance and ISPOR good research practices, directly capturing the child’s self-reported asthma symptoms, impacts on daily activities and nighttime awakening, and rescue medication use.
Small cell-like change in prostatic adenocarcinoma and intraductallesions – neuroendocrine or not?
Authors: Athanazio Daniel Abensur , de Souza Maiara Ferreira
Published: March 2022

Background

Small cell-like change in prostatic neoplasia (both invasive adenocarcinoma and intraepithelial lesions) is described in three previous reports. None of them to date proved to be associated with overt prostate neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Case presentation

We report findings from a radical prostatectomy of 80-year-old patient (adenocarcinoma GG5 pT3b with 10% involvement of the gland) with small cell-like change in intraductal carcinoma and in the invasive component. An additional 3.5-mm focus of poorly differentiated carcinoma was observed (PSA, TTF1, chromogranin and CD56 negative; synaptophysin positive in scattered cells; and a Ki67 label index of 50%).

Conclusion

Our case expands the data accumulated on small cell-like change in prostate neoplasia. As most of other reported cases, there was no expression of neuroendocrine markers or high proliferative index in small-cell like areas. On the other hand, for the first time, a transition morphology between acinar adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma was observed in a prostate with small cell-like change.
Genetically Determined Reproductive Aging and Coronary Heart Disease: A Bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Dam Veerle , Onland-Moret N Charlotte , Burgess Stephen , Chirlaque Maria-Dolores , Peters Sanne A E , Schuit Ewoud , Tikk Kaja , Weiderpass Elisabete , Oliver-Williams Clare , Wood Angela M , Tjønneland Anne , Dahm Christina C , Overvad Kim , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Schulze Matthias B , Trichopoulou Antonia , Ferrari Pietro , Masala Giovanna , Krogh Vittorio , Tumino Rosario , Matullo Giuseppe , Panico Salvatore , Boer Jolanda M A , Verschuren W M Monique , Waaseth Marit , Pérez Maria José Sánchez , Amiano Pilar , Imaz Liher , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Melander Olle , Harlid Sophia , Nordendahl Maria , Wennberg Patrik , Key Timothy J , Riboli Elio , Santiuste Carmen , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Langenberg Claudia , Wareham Nicholas J , Schunkert Heribert , Erdmann Jeanette , Willenborg Christina , Hengstenberg Christian , Kleber Marcus E , Delgado Graciela , März Winfried , Kanoni Stavroula , Dedoussis George , Deloukas Panos , Nikpay Majid , McPherson Ruth , Scholz Markus , Teren Andrej , Butterworth Adam S , van der Schouw Yvonne T
Published: March 2022

Background

Accelerated reproductive aging, in women indicated by early natural menopause, is associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in observational studies. Conversely, an adverse CHD risk profile has been suggested to accelerate menopause.

Objectives

To study the direction and evidence for causality of the relationship between reproductive aging and (non-)fatal CHD and CHD risk factors in a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, using age at natural menopause (ANM) genetic variants as a measure for genetically determined reproductive aging in women. We also studied the association of these variants with CHD risk (factors) in men.

Design

Two-sample MR, using both cohort data as well as summary statistics, with 4 methods: simple and weighted median-based, standard inverse-variance weighted (IVW) regression, and MR-Egger regression.

Participants

Data from EPIC-CVD and summary statistics from UK Biobank and publicly available genome-wide association studies were pooled for the different analyses.

Main Outcome Measures

CHD, CHD risk factors, and ANM.

Results

Across different methods of MR, no association was found between genetically determined reproductive aging and CHD risk in women (relative risk estimateIVW = 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97-1.01), or any of the CHD risk factors. Similarly, no associations were found in men. Neither did the reversed analyses show evidence for an association between CHD (risk factors) and reproductive aging.

Conclusion

Genetically determined reproductive aging is not causally associated with CHD risk (factors) in women, nor were the genetic variants associated in men. We found no evidence for a reverse association in a combined sample of women and men.
Divine Providence, Divine Hiddenness, and Commitment to the Good
Authors: Di Ceglie Roberto
Published: March 2022

Divine providence plays a significant role in John Schellenberg’s formulation of the divine hiddenness argument. Although Schellenberg does not openly mention the providence of God, his refutation of this attribute supports his denial of God’s existence, a denial which is the aim of Schellenberg’s hiddenness argument. In this article, I show that Schellenberg’s implicit refutation of providence presupposes two assumptions, the more comprehensive of which consists in saying that there is no good end of history and no commitment to the good is required on the part of the prospective believer. I argue that the assumptions at stake are inconsistent with Schellenberg’s view of God as the omnipotent, omniscient and perfectly loving creator of all things, a view which Schellenberg uses as a starting point for his hiddenness argument.
Evaluating School Profiles to Determine Risk for Teen Suicide
Authors: Eigel-Miller Nancy , Vaughn Lisa , Topmiller Michael , Semanova Olga , Prideaux Jonelle , Bouvay Kamali , Hilvert Cheryl , Page Erica
Published: March 2022

Objective: In this study, we examined characteristics and school contexts to identify profiles of schools at highest risk for suicide in Cincinnati, Ohio and the surrounding geographic area. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study supplemented by context analysis. Adolescent data included total psychiatric-related pediatric emergency department encounters, psychiatricrelated inpatient admissions, and suicide encounters/admissions aggregated to school level. School factors included type, size, geographic location, academic rigor, existence of a mental health partner, and culture of suicide prevention efforts at the school. Results: Using a k-means cluster analysis, 173 schools were sorted into 4 distinct clusters based on based on patient data linked to schools. A context analysis of the 25 highest risk schools revealed general patterns of low academic achievement measures, limited mental health partnership, and poor suicide prevention ratings. Conclusions: These findings suggest that schools which already reflect limited access to resources are the same ones disparately at higher risk for suicide in our geographic area. The variation of atrisk suicidality factors across schools suggests the need for tailored suicide prevention interventions specific to school characteristics and context.
Non-profit Coordinated School Health Program Achieves Student Outcomes in Both Beginning and Experienced Schools
Authors: Hildebrand Deana , Humphrey Jeremy , Lemons Lindsi
Published: March 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of an ongoing health promotion program to sustain student outcomes over an extended period, and to determine if student outcomes are affected by the schools’ duration of program participation. Methods: The repeatmeasures study used secondary data from Healthy Schools Oklahoma for School Years 2016-2019. FITNESSGRAM  assessed changes in student fitness levels (N = 12,219); an electronic health survey assessed changes in knowledge and behaviors (N = 6840). McNemar tests examined change in the proportion of students reaching the healthy fitness zone (HFZ) for 6 FITNESSGRAM  tests, and the proportion of students with accurate knowledge or meeting dietary and physical activity recommendations. Poisson regression tested for change in student outcomes based on duration of program participation. Results: The proportion of students reaching HFZ increased for 5 of 6 fitness tests (p ≤ .004) and with accurate nutrition and physical education knowledge (p ≤ .009). We found statistically significant main effects for outcomes (p ≤ .016) and duration (p ≤ .030); there was no effect for the interaction. Conclusion: Students achieved similar gains in outcomes regardless of the schools’ duration of program participation.
Fathers, Fatherhood Programming, and Research Concerning the Effects of Responsible Fatherhood Interventions
Authors: Donnelly Joseph , Young Michael , Salerno Jordyn
Published: March 2022

Objective: In this paper, we suggest that father involvement plays a significant role in the lives of fathers, children, and health and there is a need to expand research and evaluation on responsible fatherhood programs to assess the effects of fatherhood programming on families and society. Methods: We point to data that confirm the importance of fathers, provide an overview of funding for fatherhood programming, and provide summaries of relevant research that has examined the effects of responsible fatherhood interventions. Results: We ask researchers and practitioners to think about the benefits of responsible fatherhood programs and how best to demonstrate that such programs do, in fact, have long-term impacts on quality of life for fathers and their children. However, we also note that changes in outcome variables that are statistically significant and may even have a large effect size do not necessarily produce substantial long-term impact on quality of life. Conclusion: Responsible fatherhood programs can play a vital role in the health and success of children, fathers, and communities. Researchers should engage in rigorous evaluation of fatherhood programs to add data to the field related to the effect of these programs and father involvement.
Factors Associated with School Absenteeism and Grade Retention among Young Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Shinde Sachine , Tadesse Amare , Wang Dongqing , Fawzi Wafaie
Published: March 2022

Objective: School absenteeism and grade retention are associated with various life-course problems. In this study, we examined school absenteeism and grade retention in Ethiopian adolescents, as well as factors associated with them. Methods: We analyzed data from 1200 adolescents (aged 10- 14 years) from 20 public primary schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We carried out multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusting for school-level clustering, to determine the factors associated with school absenteeism and grade retention. Results: Grade retention, father’s lower education, parental occupation other than a government job, household food insecurity, being in large schools, and not having toilets in the school were associated with higher absenteeism rates, while involvement in paid work was associated with lower absenteeism rates. Having educational resources at home was associated with lower odds of retaining a grade but having mental health problems and a father’s occupation other than a government job were associated with higher odds of grade retention. Conclusions: Interventions aiming to increase school presence and performance among urban Ethiopian adolescents may require a multi-level approach addressing food insecurity, psychosocial problems, and provision of sanitation facilities at schools.
Brake orbits for Hamiltonian systems of the classical type via geodesics in singular Finsler metrics
Authors: Corona Dario , Giannoni Fabio
Published: March 2022

We consider Hamiltonian functions of the classical type, namely, even and convex with respect to the generalized momenta. A brake orbit is a periodic solution of Hamilton’s equations such that the generalized momenta are zero on two different points. Under mild assumptions, this paper reduces the multiplicity problem of the brake orbits for a Hamiltonian function of the classical type to the multiplicity problem of orthogonal geodesic chords in a concave Finslerian manifold with boundary. This paper will be used for a generalization of a Seifert’s conjecture about the multiplicity of brake orbits to Hamiltonian functions of the classical type.
Targeted photoimmunotherapy for cancer
Authors: Mussini Andrea , Uriati Eleonora , Bianchini Paolo , Diaspro Alberto , Cavanna Luigi , Abbruzzetti Stefania , Viappiani Cristiano
Published: March 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved procedure that can exert a curative action against malignant cells. The treatment implies the administration of a photoactive molecular species that, upon absorption of visible or near infrared light, sensitizes the formation of reactive oxygen species. These species are cytotoxic and lead to tumor cell death, damage vasculature, and induce inflammation. Clinical investigations demonstrated that PDT is curative and does not compromise other treatment options. One of the major limitations of the original method was the low selectivity of the photoactive compounds for malignant over healthy tissues. The development of conjugates with antibodies has endowed photosensitizing molecules with targeting capability, so that the compounds are delivered with unprecedented precision to the site of action. Given their fluorescence emission capability, these supramolecular species are intrinsically theranostic agents.
Anaplastic ganglioglioma in pregnancy a cause of cerebral edema and maternal death
Authors: Capera Luisa F. , Aragón Mendoza Rafael L. , Roa Roberto Gallo , Romero Viviana Dávila
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The true incidence of anaplastic ganglioglioma during pregnancy is extremely rare, very few cases have been reported in the literature.

Case presentation

This is a report of a case of anaplastic ganglioglioma diagnosed in pregnancy. The patient is a 23-year-old primigravida who presented at 19 weeks of gestation headache and a convulsive episode. Her workup revealed a rare cerebral tumor that progressed to a neurological decline and died during the postpartum period.

Conclusions

Anaplastic ganglioglioma is an aggressive counterpart of Glial tumors; in pregnancy they are rare and symptoms are nonspecific. The outcome for the mother in this case fatal and a protocol for these cases has not yet been reported.
Gibt es unauflösbare Widersprüche, denen sich das Ideal der Textkohärenz anpassen muss?
Authors: Botwinick Aryeh
Published: March 2022

The paper addresses the topic of the unavoidability of contradiction in dealing with issues of scepticism – and how coherence can be restored to sceptical arguments and texts. It considers six classic paradoxes in the history of Western thought – of how language works to undermine and derail the coherence of thought. It also theorizes a philosophy of language approach to restore coherence in the classic instances discussed. As its major example, the paper explores how and why the image of successful, long-standing constitutions is a minimalist image through a discussion of the relationship between epistemological scepticism generally and textual scepticism specifically.
Markiert Asymmetrie eine Einheit des Care-Diskurses?
Authors: Stiegler Michael
Published: March 2022

This essay analyses three meanings of asymmetry on which talk of asymmetry in German-language care discourse is based: as irreversibility [Unumkehrbarkeit], as imbalance [Ungleichgewichtigkeit] and as one-sidedness [Einseitigkeit]. One result of this analysis is that it currently seems doubtful whether asymmetry can serve as a central concept for care theories. Following this, two questions will be discussed. In systematical terms: how could this doubt possibly be resolved? In discourse-analytical terms: What are the functions of asymmetry in care discourse?
Die Sorge um sich und die anderen
Authors: Posselt Gerald
Published: March 2022

Against the backdrop of contemporary debates about care ethics and care, this article undertakes a re-reading of Foucault’s analyses of the ancient care of the self. While the care of the self has so far been interpreted primarily in terms of an ethics and aesthetics of the self, it argues that the care of the self is constituted by the presence of the Other. This becomes clear as soon as one links the care of the self to parrhesia, which signifies an act of truth-telling through which the individual constitutes herself as the subject of a discourse of truth by confronting the Other with the truth. It is through this connection that the care of the self and parrhesia unfold their critical potential, as can be seen in the examples of Sophocles’ Antigone or the whistleblower Edward Snowden. This makes it possible not only to detach the concept of care from its close entanglement with the private sphere and to reframe it in political terms but also to envisage a critical attitude that is based both on the care of the self and others and on a concern for truth.
Sorgepraxis, Politik und Nächstenliebe
Authors: Plonz Sabine
Published: March 2022

This article explores different feminist care discourses and their ethical implications and relates them to the biblical ethos of loving one’s neighbour. The latter is presented as a rich tradition of socio-historical, theological and ethical relevance for contemporaneous debates on the transformation towards a caring society. Nevertheless, it needs tobe liberated from patriarchal attitudes and other exclusive hermeneutics in Christianity (which is exemplified in a case study of Protestant moral discourse and societal practice) as well as from ignorance and prejudice in secular social science, humanities and public discourse. Hence, the article suggests rediscovering the biblical contexts and political implications of the commandment to love thy neighbour: its character as diversified social rights inspired by the Exodus, the concept of sanctification as attention to the world we live in and the prohibition of images as a resource for the development of humane respectful attitudes (integrity of the “other”) and politics of care.
Corona und das vernachlässigte kritische Potenzial politischer Solidarität
Authors: Dübgen Franziska , Kersting Daniel , Reder Michael
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 and its social and political consequences have led to increased attention to the sometimes philosophically neglected concept of solidarity. This paper reflects the discourse on solidarity in times of COVID-19 from the viewpoint of the philosophical debate on solidarity. We argue that currently – regarding this debate – the critical potential of solidarity as a political concept is often undermined. Solidarity should rather be used as a social-diagnostic lens to focus on and criticise problematic exclusions caused by current political developments. This applies especially to the cross-border and transnational dimension of political solidarity, which is often neglected in the national constrictions of political COVID-19 strategies. The paper concludes with observations on which levels and in which directions the reflection on solidarity could stimulate both the political and the philosophical debate on global crises such as COVID-19.