bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic therapy for acute respiratory viral infections in children: what do parents know about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance?
Authors:   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Fedotova M.M. , Akperov E.G. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Eliseev V.U. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Kostyaeva M.Ya. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Olenius D.D. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Kiseleva A.L. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Malchuk V.N. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Kamenshchikova A.M. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation,   University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Fedorova O.S. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

One of the causes of antibiotic resistance (AR) is irrational use of antibiotics (ABs) that are commonly administered to patients with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs). Rational AB use largely depends on the awareness of people. Objective. To analyze the awareness of people about AR and AB use, as well as to assess the attitude to AB therapy among parents of preschool children. Materials and methods. We conducted anonymous survey among 513 parents of preschool children in Tomsk. Results. Almost two-thirds (61.6%) of respondents admitted that their children received AB during cold/flu/ARVI. The most commonly used ABs were amoxicillin (62.3%), azithromycin (19.7%), and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (11.1%). The majority of patients administered ABs to their children only after doctor's prescription (80.4%) and adhered to treatment regimen (79.7%). A total of 65.8% respondents stated that doctors had explained why AB therapy was necessary. Nearly two out of three parents (62.4%) believed that ABs may have a negative impact on health. More than half of the respondents were aware of AR. Conclusion. The majority of parents use antibiotics to treat ARVI in their children only with doctor's prescription. However, we observed insufficient awareness about AR, AB use, and possible side effects, which necessitates the development of educational programs for the population. Key words: antibiotic resistance, antibiotic therapy, antibiotics, children, awareness, acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory diseases
Propuestas metodológicas innovadoras en el estudio del audiovisual y la comunicación en la sociedad y las ciudades
Authors: Jurado Martín Montserrat
Published: July 2022

El número 12 de MHJournal lo integran 21 artículos, cinco del monográfico de Sociedad e identidad en el audiovisual latinoamericano y español, ha sido coordinado por los investigadores Ricardo Jimeno y Gabriela Fabbro, cinco del monográfico Comunicación y periodismo en las ciudades: nuevos espacios para la innovación, la diplomacia y la sostenibilidad en la configuración urbana, coordinado por Pavel Sidorenko-Bautista, Laura Cortés-Selva y José María Herranz-de la Casa y once textos en la sección Miscelánea. Si algo tienen en común todos los trabajos es el gran abanico de temas de los monográficos y la sección Miscelnaéa pero, fundamentalmente, lo enriquecededor de los textos son las valiosas aportaciones metodológicas innovadoras que se ofrecen a la comunidad cientifica y claramente replicables, y que estamos seguros serán prácticas para numerosos investigadores. Por otra parte, nos ha llamado la atención la tendencia a la fijación por los temas que parten de entornos delimitados para servir de modelo y referencia a otros de gran envergadura.
Strategi Public Relation dalam Mengembangkan Citra Lembaga Madrasah di MAN 2 Ponorogo
Authors: Ririn Nuraini  , Sri Ambarwati Cahyaningrum
Published: July 2022

Abstract
 
This study aims to explain Public Relations in developing the Image of Madrasah Institutions at MAN 2 Ponorogo. To explain the implementation of the Public Relations strategy in developing the image of Madrasah Institutions at MAN 2 Ponorogo. This research uses a qualitative approach and the type of research is a case study. The results of the analysis show: Public relations at MAN 2 Ponorogo include providing information services from an agency/educational institution to customers (the wider community) and prioritizing good communication. In MAN 2 Ponorogo, there are two types of communication commonly used, namely verbal communication and nonverbal communication. The pattern of public relations strategy at MAN 2 Ponorogo includes four main steps, namely planning by identifying problems and planning programs based on problem analysis, organizing by forming administrators and delegation of authority who will be involved in programs of public relations activities, implementation of program implementation and communication with strategy. and program reporting/evaluation. Implementation of public relations strategy through internal and external activities. By using school strategies, functional, operational. This public relations strategy has a great contribution to the image of the institution at MAN 2 Ponorogo.
 
Keywords: Public Relations Strategy; Image of Madrasah Institutions
What You Should Know About Offshore and Sour Gas CCS: High Cost, Leak Mitigation, and Transportation
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: July 2022

Discovered in 2011 offshore the Malaysian state of Sarawak, the Kasawari sour gas field is today a symbol of Southeast Asia’s energy challenge.

Petronas is eyeing next year for first gas. By 2025 it hopes to see 900 MMscf/D flowing from the field to its sprawling Bintulu LNG export facility on the Sarawak coast.

But what makes the field a regional and industry bellwether is not its natural gas.

When peak output is reached, Petronas plans to stop venting and start capturing between 3.7 and 4 million mtpa of the CO2 that will be produced from the project’s wells over the next 2 decades.

That’s more than 8% of the greenhouse gas emissions Petronas reported for all of 2020. And in more upstream-friendly terms, the injection target at Kasawari is roughly equal to 77 Bcf of gas each year.

Keeping that huge volume of CO2 from ever seeing the light of day will require a dedicated platform that Petronas is in the midst of designing. It will also need a 138-km-long pipeline to send CO2 to a depleted field for permanent storage.

And of particular note, this second phase of Kasawari will not just be the Malaysian national oil company’s first such attempt at megascale carbon capture and storage (CCS).

With more than twice the planned injection rate of Norway’s Northern Lights CCS that is set to begin in 2024, Kasawari will become the world’s largest offshore CCS project just a year later.

The scale of Kasawari is a result of its ranking as one of the most CO2-laden gas fields planned for development globally. When wells are flowing, it’s expected that up to 40% of what will come out will be CO2.

But since Petronas has also signed on to become a net-zero emitter by 2050, venting the field’s waste gas won’t be a viable option for long.

The sheer scope of the project, and that it is a maiden voyage of sorts for Petronas, has drawn attention to the impact CCS will have on upstream project development costs in Southeast Asia.

New research from Rystad Energy suggests that the capital inputs required to add CCS to Kasawari will hike the project’s breakeven gas prices from roughly $3.50/Mcf to more than $5.00/Mcf.

The energy consultancy sees a similar case especially for other offshore sour gas projects where CCS will likely be needed to abate production-driven emissions.

“Most of these projects are certainly in the study phase still,” said Prateek Pandey, vice president of analysis at Rystad.

“But the bigger challenge—more than the technology—is likely to be the economics of these projects and how operators justify the additional development cost with the implementation of CCUS [carbon capture, utilization, and storage] and CCS.”
Coiled Tubing Program Succeeds in Harsh-Environment Tight Gas Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: July 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 209032, “Successfully Adapting and Overcoming Challenges for Coiled Tubing Applications in High-Pressure Sour Environments and Horizontal Unconventional Tight Gas Wells in UAE,” by Ole Sorensen, Yang Wu, and Didier Caillon, SPE, TotalEnergies, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

During the completion phase of four unconventional wells in the United Arab Emirates, a detailed engineering approach overcame challenges presented by extreme conditions of pressure, temperature, and a sour environment across long horizontal sections to carry out cleanout activities successfully. This operation, the first of its kind in the country for the operator, yielded lessons for design considerations and the execution process and recommendations for coiled tubing (CT) intervention in similar working environments. It also confirmed that 110,000-psi-yield-strength quench-and-tempered (Q&T) CT strings can be deployed safely in a high-pressure sour environment by implementing proper risk-mitigation strategies.

Introduction

The unconventional gas play (referred to as “A” in the complete paper) featured a reservoir pressure of nearly 13,000 psi and a bottomhole temperature of approximately 325°F. The environment was sour, with 5 mol% of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and 5% carbon dioxide (CO2). The well’s architecture consisted of a 5½-in. monobore completion with cemented casing and horizontal sections ranging from 5,000 to 8,200 ft. The selected completion methodology was plug-and-perf, including up to 35 fracturing stages in a single well.

Overview of CT Intervention Challenges

The true vertical depth of the play was 12,600 ft on average, representing a maximum anticipated surface pressure (MASP) of 8,000 psi with the wellbore full of working fluid (8.34-lbm/gal slickwater) and a maximum potential wellhead pressure (MPWHP) of 11,300 psi with the wellbore full of gas. Also, partial pressures of H2S and CO2 exceeded 600 psi at bottomhole conditions, confirming that sour- and corrosive-service programs had to be implemented fully in this project.

Convergence of MASP above 7,500 psi, CT dynamic pressure of greater than 11,000 psi, lateral length of up to 8,200 ft, and the sour and corrosive environment required a highly engineered approach on the design and selection of the CT string and configuration of the surface equipment.
New String Deployment Concept Extends Operational Limits for Megareach Interventions
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: July 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 22577, “Extending the Operational Limits To Target Megareach Interventions With Coiled Tubing: A Study of the First 40,000-ft-Long CT String Deployment Using Uniquely Engineered Energy Transportation Solutions,” by Karan Kaul, Nicolas Dupouy, and Jose Jimenez, Halliburton, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

An operator requiring an offshore coiled tubing (CT) intervention into 40,000-ft-deep wells from artificial islands of the United Arab Emirates encountered challenging crane and transportation limitations to lift a 2⅜-in. CT reel weighing approximately 200,000 lbm. This, combined with a desire to improve operational efficiency in moving from well to well and eliminating large mechanical lifts, led to the design of a custom-engineered transportation solution for the large-diameter, heavy CT spool.

Introduction

CT and its associated setups are in high demand for wellbore intervention to perform operations such as valve or sleeve shifting, pinpoint stimulation with custom chemistry, milling, fishing, wellbore diagnostics using fiber optics, and drilling with different downhole tools. These tasks become even more challenging when difficulties associated with extended-reach maximum-reservoir-contact reservoirs are considered. While the term “extended-reach” refers to wells for which the measured depth (MD) is greater than twice the true vertical depth (TVD), the term “megareach” refers to wells for which the MD is greater than three times the TVD.

A CT string is a continuous string of pipe manufactured from a specific grade of material determined by the downhole application for which it is intended. It is coiled over a drum (referred to in the paper as a spool) with more than 25 full layers around the bed wrap and has a high amount of energy stored in it because of the residual bending of the CT material. Although the string is secured at the end with an industry-specific clamp, close monitoring is required to avoid loosening from vibrations caused during transportation.

After storing the CT pipe on the spool, the spool usually is shipped and transported from the shore jetty to the artificial island jetty using a conventional vessel. It is then offloaded, lifted, and secured onto a CT drive reel using a regular crane ready for wellsite operations (Fig. 1).
Multilateral Jetting Technology Results in Increased Production in Offshore Field
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: July 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 21959, “Multilateral Jetting Technology Results in a 150% Uplift in Production During a Second Offshore Application in Abu Dhabi Offshore Field,” by Salman Farhan Nofal, SPE, Fazeel Ahmad, SPE, and Ahmad Shmakhy, SPE, ADNOC, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

A well offshore Abu Dhabi was deemed a success despite deployment challenges during the lower completion phase. Opportunities to address these challenges existed for a succeeding well, and in the search for improvement to the productivity index (PI), multilateral acid-jetting technology was adopted as a more-effective approach than typical drainage methods. Following successful adoption of this technology, the well has been producing for 1 year at the time of writing with positive results.

Introduction

The subject reservoir consists of a carbonate multilayer formation with differing porosities and permeabilities. The conventional method to inject or produce from these layers is by drilling slanted or horizontal holes followed by acidizing using conventional 15 or 28% hydrochloric acid (HCl). These holes sometimes do not meet the target because of low productivity (high drawdown) caused by tight reservoirs with less surface contact even after acidizing because the acid tends to propagate more in the highly permeable streaks than in the low-permeability ones. The new approach aims at addressing this problem by increasing the surface contact in the low-permeability streaks and connecting different thin separated layers to improve productivity using expanding metal needles.

Challenges

This reservoir consists of multiple thin, low-permeability layers separated by dense layers. Completion of wells in all sublayers with slanted holes did not lead to efficient production, and high drawdown led to low bottomhole flowing pressure. Completion of wells in one or two sublayers using horizontal stepdown was considered, but some wells were still not able to produce against the sea line, leading to the conclusion that the reservoirs suffered from a low ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability (kV/kH).
Production-Technology Selection Optimizes Redevelopment Project in Austria
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: July 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 200290, “Production Technology Selection for an EOR Redevelopment Project: Lessons Learned From Polymer Pilots,” by Michaela Hoy, SPE, Timur Cimitoglu, and Philipp Knauhs, SPE, OMV, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

OMV operates 26 oil fields in Lower Austria. The majority were developed in the 1950s and ’60s and show an extended period of decline. The challenge of operating brownfields can be tackled by a major chemical-enhanced-oil-recovery field-redevelopment project. The scope of the polymer field rollout is to create and operate efficient horizontal polymer injection patterns in Lower Austria.

Introduction

The operator historically has executed several enhanced oil recovery trials, but during the past 10 years, polymerflooding has grown in importance in its development plans. For testing its efficacy in the Tortonian Horizons (TH) of the Matzen field, single vertical polymer patterns were created.

Because the vertical polymer patterns showed operational success and incremental-oil-production potential, horizontal flooding patterns were considered. In 2017, the first horizontal pilot pattern was drilled and completed.
Polymerflooding Pilot Applied in Lower-Permeability Heterogeneous Sandstone
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: July 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 200051, “Successful Polymerflood Pilot Application in Lower-Permeability Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoir in the South of the Sultanate of Oman,” by Hanaa Al-Sulaimani, SPE, Zainab Al-Rawahi, and Conny Velazco Quesada, Petroleum Development Oman, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

This paper summarizes the performance of a polymerflooding pilot conducted in an unconsolidated sandstone reservoir in the south of Oman with the objective of extending the envelope of polymerflooding applications to lower-permeability (average 100 md) and highly heterogeneous reservoirs. Fiber-optics data acquisition has demonstrated clearly injection conformance improvement during the switch from water injection to polymer. In addition, approximately 10% of incremental oil recovery was obtained with an average water-cut reversal of 12% across the pattern where the total pattern recovery was greater than 30% (including the waterflood).

Introduction

Polymerflooding has been ongoing successfully in one of the major fields of southern Oman for almost 10 years. However, the operator aspires to extend the application boundary for the polymer to be applied in lower permeabilities, heavier oils, and different sweep strategies. The field of concern in this paper has an average permeability of 300–500 md, more than four times lower than the average permeability of the field with ongoing polymerflooding. Thus, a polymer pilot was designed to test the applicability of polymer technology in such an environment.
Effect of a positive cumulative fluid balance on the prognosis of patients with sepsis in the Xining area
Authors: Ma Si-Qing , Wang Yun , Sun Bin , Wang Hao , Xu Xue-Xia , Yin Zhi-ying , Luo Junming
Published: July 2022

Background: The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of a positive cumulative fluid balance and relative clinical indicators on the prognosis of patients with sepsis in the Xining area, China.Methods: The clinical data of 480 sepsis patients (313 males and 167 females, aged 52–77 (65) years) admitted between January 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The APACHE II score, SOFA score, SIRS score and clinical laboratory test indicators of the patients were collected. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of each indicator in predicting the poor prognosis of patients with sepsis, and the maximum Youden index was used to determine threshold values. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess patient prognosis using data from patients with different fluid balances. Results: The following clinical indicators were significantly different between the 2 groups (P<0.05): APACHE II score, SOFA score, SIRS score, PCT, IL-6, BNP, CRP, PLT, BUN, CREA, Lac and total fluid balance from days 1 to 5. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for total fluid balance from days 1 to 5 was 0.558, the cut-off value was 2120.5 mL, the sensitivity was 54.0%, and the specificity was 58.1%. The survival rates were different between the 2 groups (60.9% vs 48.9%, P<0.05). Total fluid balance was significantly higher in patients with septic shock and with Lac>2.0 mmol/L (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis indicated that APACHE II score, SOFA score, PLT score, Lac, and total fluid balance from days 1 to 5 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis.Conclusion: A positive fluid balance from days 1 to 5 after ICU admission was associated with poor patient outcomes and was an independent risk factor for poor patient prognosis.
Transplantation of acellularized amniotic membrane seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of intrauterine adhesion
Authors: Li Chunbo , Guo Luopei , Hua Keqin
Published: July 2022

Background
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is characterized by the formation of fibrosis that prevent the regeneration of functional endometrium. Although various clinical approaches have been used to reconstruct the anatomy and promote the restoration of functional endometrium, the high risk of recurrence after surgery remains a major challenge. Application of tissue engineering offers new therapeutic strategies.
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of acellularized amniotic membrane (AAM) loaded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in reducing IUA, and promoting the regeneration of damaged endometrium.
Methods
96 female Spargue-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group, IUA model group, experimental group treated with AAM, and experimental group treated with AAM loaded with ADSCs. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on 3, 7, and 14 days after surgery to evaluate the degree of uterine fibrosis and regeneration of injured endometrium. RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to explore the potential mechanism by which ADSCs modulated immune response and promoted endometrial regeneration.
Results
At 14 days after surgery, the endometrial thickening, the number of glands and the degree of reduced fibrosis in the ADSCs/AAM was higher than those in AAM group, and similar to sham group. RNA sequencing analysis showed that ADSCs can modulate local immune responses, and promote the formation of functional endometrium. Meanwhile, we found that transplantation of ADSCs significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression (TNF-α and IL-1β), and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (bFGF, and IL-6).
Conclusion
Our results demonstrated that AAM loaded with ADSCs can promote the regeneration of injured endometrium and reduce fibrosis formation. Meanwhile, ADSCs also regulated the immune microenvironment, which is beneficial to functional endometrial regeneration.
Optimization of PBA construction process in Xinfadi-caoqiao section of Beijing Metro Line 19
Authors: Guang-yao Cui , Bohan Song , Ji-hua He
Published: July 2022

The safety of subway tunnel construction using the PBA construction is the focus of attention at present. In this paper, based on the underground excavation project of Xin-cao section of Beijing Metro Line 19, the PBA construction process is studied by numerical simulation. The influence laws of surface settlement, structural deformation and internal force change after six construction procedures are compared and analyzed. The research results show that: after the excavation of small pilot tunnel, the extreme value of pavement settlement appears above the secondary lining vault, and the extreme value of safety factor of primary support structure of small pilot tunnel appears in the middle and both sides of the pilot tunnel vault; in order to ensure the construction safety, considering the displacement and internal force, it is suggested to excavate the middle pilot tunnel first, then construct the pile crown beam, and then excavate the two sides of the pilot tunnel Compared with other working conditions, this working condition can effectively control the pavement settlement and structural deformation, and the structural safety factor is the largest. The research results can provide a reference for the excavation of shallow buried multi pilot tunnel with tunnel pile-beam-arch approach.
Empirical Evaluation of Computational Models of Lightness Perception
Authors: Nedimović Predrag , Zdravković Sunčica , Domijan Dražen
Published: July 2022

Lightness of a surface depends not only on its physical characteristics, but also on the properties of the surrounding context. As a result, varying the context can significantly alter surface lightness, an effect exploited in many lightness illusions. Computational models can produce outcomes similar to human illusory percepts, allowing for demonstrable assessment of the applied mechanisms and principles. We tested 8 computational models on 13 typical displays used in lightness research (11 Illusions and 2 Mondrians), and compared them with results from human participants (N = 85). Results show that HighPass and MiR models predict empirical results for simultaneous lightness contrast (SLC) and its close variations. ODOG and its newer variants (ODOG-2 and L-ODOG) in addition to SLC displays were able to predict effect of White’s illusion. RETINEX was able to predict effects of both SLC displays and Dungeon illusion. Dynamic decorrelation model was able to predict obtained effects for all tested stimuli except two SLC variations. Finally, FL-ODOG model was best at simulating human data, as it was able to predict empirical results for all displays, bar the Reversed contrast illusion. Finally, most models underperform on the Mondrian displays that represent most natural stimuli for the human visual system.
The contribution of genetic diversity of the faba bean to the provision of regulating ecosystem services
Authors: Nasrat Nasir Ahmad , Kazemi Hossein , Sheikh Fatemeh , Fürst Christine
Published: July 2022

Regulation services are the benefits for human well-being obtained from the performance of ecosystems, for instance in terms of carbon sequestration, nitrogen fixation or weed control. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate regulating ecosystem services and their dependency on the genetic diversity of the faba bean as a key staple food in Near East and Central Asia. For this purpose, we carried out an experiment in the form of randomized complete blocks design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (Gorgan, Golestan province), Iran, during 2019–2020. In this experiment, genetic diversity of faba bean and its impact on selected regulating services was evaluated through cultivation of five genetic varieties of this plant. Studied varieties were selected from three grain groups (fine, medium and coarse). We included eco-physiological indicators in our study such as soil microbial respiration rate, weed control and nitrogen biofixation potential. The results showed that the provision of some services such as soil carbon sequestration, nitrogen biofixation potential, soil microbial respiration and weed control depend on genetic diversity of the faba bean. New faba bean varieties can better compete with weeds through their production of massive foliage and their growth form. Based on the obtained results, we elaborated on recommendations for how faba bean cultivation can contribute to an increase in the soil microbial respiration rate and carbon sequestration. We found that especially the medium grain variety of faba bean increased the capacity to provide regulating ecosystem services.
Histology and morphometry of the skin of the trident goby Tridentiger brevispinis (Perciformes, Gobiidae)
Authors: Kim Hyun-Tae
Published: July 2022

The Korean trident goby, Tridentiger brevispinis, lives in adverse habitats that can easily become hypoxic due to low precipitation, regional dry periods, and high amounts of solar radiation. Histological and morphometric studies revealed the goby’s specialized skin (35.4–150.0 µm in thickness), consisting of an epidermis and dermis. The thicker epidermis comprises an outermost surface layer (having taste buds, stratified flattened cells, mucous cells, pigment cells, and stratified polygonal cells), middle layer (having stratified polygonal cells), and stratum germinativum (stratified columnar cells). In particular, the dermis has scales, well-developed vascularization, and a few blood capillaries just above the basement membrane, and a reduced diffusion distance was present in the lateral body. Consequently, adaptations such as thicker epidermis, well-developed vascularization, few blood capillaries, and a reduced diffusion distance may provide cutaneous respiration for survival in poorly oxygenated water during the periodic dry season.
Innovative solutions to the stickiness problem in cotton spinning
Authors: Gökhan Tandoğan , Kübra Denge Kıymet , Ali İbrikci , Servet Öztürk
Published: July 2022

Cotton is one of the most important natural raw materials in the textile industry. Due to its cotton structure, it has always been preferred by users in terms of both natural and comfortable properties., Cotton despite the decrease in its share in the textile fibre market, continues to be the main natural fibre used in textiles. However, variations in cotton spinning caused by raw materials, decrease yarn production performances and leads to serious productivity losses. Generally, in purchasing cotton with HVI tests, production programs are carried out taking into account criteria such as maturity index, strength, fibre length, fineness, colour, humidity, neps and amount of foreign matter. Nevertheless, except for HVI tests performed as standard, the sugar test performed on cotton is a process that is carried out with random controls that are specially measured when purchasing raw materials and cannot be controlled in each bale.The main reason for the stickiness problem, which causes great problems in yarn production Stickiness rate (sugar amount), is cotton bales that go into production out of high control. Stickiness is observed in cotton; felting on the combs in the yarn line, surrounding the cylinder in the roving frame, sticking to the apron in the ring-spinning machine and causing a decrease in yarn quality. Despite the technological developments, today's yarn spinning machines have not been able to produce an effective solution to the stickiness problem caused by raw materials.In this study, to improve innovative solutions to the problem of stickiness experienced in cotton, a comprehensive study was conducted on sugar testing methods in cotton, and some improvement studies were carried out. For this, 3 cotton mixtures with different sugar ratios were used. 12 Different 30/1 Combed Compact yarns were produced from these mixtures by the experimental plan. In these yarn productions, process studies were carried out with berkolization process and climate conditioning steps on sleeve surface gradually at the enterprise, the percentage of stickiness to the cots, the breakage rate in coil cutting, and the amount of stickiness, and the Uster test results were significantly examined.
Assessment of Farming Households’ Adaptation Strategies to Insecurity in Ekiti State Nigeria.
Authors: Samuel Sharon Damilola , Bamigboye Oluwaseun Tosin
Published: July 2022

The study investigated adaptation strategies employed by farming households to insecurity in Southwest Nigeria. 50 farming households were selected through a multi-staged sampling technique. Data were gathered through interview schedules, described with frequencies, percentages and mean; and presented in tables and figures. Chi-square test of independence was used to check for statistical significance between dependent and independent variables. Results revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 41 years, while 58% were females. Seventy six percent of sampled farming households often witnessed attacks by Fulani herdsmen. These incessant attacks majorly affected the health and economic assets of the respondents. There were less extension visits in communities affected by insecurity. Of the adaptation strategies, majority of them erect high gates and fences to prevent further attacks. Based on the result from the Chi-square test, selected socio-economic characteristics of farmers had a positive influence on adaptation strategies used. It is therefore recommended that extension agents need to intensify the use of social media since physical contact seems challenging in the face of insecurity. Government and private organizations should set up and equip local security outfits in rural areas to stop frequent attacks by herdsmen.
Analysis of Land Use/land Cover Changes and Prediction of Future Changes With Land Change Modeler: Case of Belek, Turkey
Authors: Akdeniz Halil Burak , Sag Neslihan Serdaroglu , Inam Saban
Published: July 2022

In the areas declared to be a tourism center, a rapid tourism-related development occurs depending on the investments in tourism, which causes a dramatic land use and land cover changes. Determining, monitoring, and modeling of land use and land cover changes are required in order to ensure the conservation-use balance and sustainability within such vulnerable areas that are under the development pressure. This study consists of four steps. In the first step, the Landsat images dated 1985, 2000, and 2021 were classified using the maximum likelihood method and the land use and land cover of Belek Tourism Center located in Turkey were determined. The second step included the identification of areal and spatial changes between the land use and land cover classes for the periods between 1985 and 2000, 2000 and 2021, and 1985 and 2021. In the third step, the land use and land cover changes in Belek Tourism Center for 2040 were modeled using the Land Change Modeler. Last step evaluated the relationship between the modeled spatial development pattern and the current planning decisions. According to the results obtained through a 36-year research, the rates of settlement, forest, and water body areas have increased by 11.91%, 13.67%, and 0.82%, respectively whereas the rates of barren land and agricultural areas have reduced by 22.25% and 4.15%, respectively. The land use map modeled for 2040 predicts the settlement areas to expand by 5.46% and the agricultural areas to shrink by 4.21% by comparison with 2021.
Strengthening research ethics governance and regulatory oversight in Central America and the Dominican Republic in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Canario Julio Arturo , Orlich Jessie , Mendizábal-Cabrera Renata , Ying Argentina , Vergès Claude , Espinoza Eleonora , Soriano Mario , Cárcamo Elsy , Beltrán Briana , Mendoza Eddys Rafael , Sepulveda Reyna , Anderson Claudia Nieto , Then Eddy Pérez , de Colombi Nicole Feune , Lescano A. Roxana , Lang Trudie , Alger Jackeline
Published: July 2022

BackgroundStrong governance and regulatory supervision are required to conduct research in an emergency context and ensure compliance with ethical standards. Preparedness and response rely on the formalization, structure, and function of national research ethics systems. The Strengthening research ethics governance and regulatory oversight in Central America and the Dominican Republic in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (GoEtiCA) study is a regional effort addressing research ethics governance challenges during the pandemic. This study describes the ethics governance that addresses specific humanitarian and health challenges caused by COVID-19; it also analyzes the regulatory oversight of research, and preparedness response to the pandemic in Central America and the Dominican Republic. The study aimed to inform the development of a policy brief to advancing international ethical standards adoption. MethodsA qualitative study was conducted following a participatory approach. Research ethics stakeholders in Central America and the Dominican Republic were mapped; a regional webinar and three virtual workshops were conducted discussing research governance, ethics review, and collaborative practices during the pandemic. A roundtable session presented results and obtained feedback on a draft of a policy to strengthen regional research ethics governance. ResultsCountries across Central America and the Dominican Republic are at different stages in their development of governance structures and regulations for research ethics systems. Countries that had more established systems before COVID-19, were better organized and prepared to respond. This finding argues against improvisation and supports further work on research ethics systems. Strong international scientific cooperation and collaborative practices are lacking within and amongst the countries. Collaborative structures and practices for research, community engagement in policymaking, and ethics review are scarce; however, there are incipient initiatives, including the Central America Network of Research Ethics Committees. ConclusionNational and regional research ethics governance structures in Central America and the Dominican Republic were not prepared to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic with research oversight and effective collaboration. In most cases, national research ethics governance structures are weak and regional research collaboration is ineffective. To promote collaboration, efforts that identify implementation gaps and share knowledge and best practices are needed.
Effects of Lansoprazole administration on hippocampal cell apoptosis, learning and memory deficits in adult rats via activated of Tau Phosphorylation, Aβ (1–42) Pathway
Authors: Aran Khadga Raj , Gupta G.D. , Singh Shamsher
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by memory loss and dementia, caused by changes in the cortical milieu, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain. The drug-induced cognitive impairment is more common in the elderly than in younger people. The research-using valid animal models may help determine the effective and safe medicine for AD treatment. Studies have found that patients who used lansoprazole for long-term therapy for ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who may suffer from memory problems. The novel research was designed to check whether lansoprazole administration to rats may enhance oxidative stress, Aβ accumulation and neurodegeneration. In the current study, rats were given lansoprazole at doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg p.o. for 28 days. The Morris water maze and Probe trial were used to assess rats spatial and recognition memory deficits. On day 29, the rats were sacrificed, and the brain (hippocampus) was used to test for biochemicals (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid peroxidation, and nitrite), neuroinflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α & IL-6) neurotransmitters (ACh, GABA, and Glutamate), Aβ(1–42) level, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) analysis, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption activity. Lansoprazole administrated raised inflammatory cytokines release, oxidative stress, altered neurotransmitter concentration, tau protein phosphorylation, and promoted the Aβ accumulation in the brain. These findings showed that lansoprazole treatment for four weeks caused neurobiological alteration in rats and degeneration of the endogenous antioxidant defense system.
LncRNAs ENST 00000499459 and TCONS_00004989 enhance asthma progression in children with house dust mite-induced allergic asthma
Authors: Zhang Xu-De , Feng Shao-Jie , Zhang Xi-Yan , Liu Jing-Jing , Liu Feng-Xia
Published: July 2022

Background
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively reported to play critical roles in disease pathogenesis, especially in the field of cancer. However, there has been limited research on the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of pediatric allergic asthma.
Methods
High-throughput sequencing analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 3 children with allergic asthma and 3 matched healthy controls. Bioinformatics analysis was used to select candidate lncRNAs and mRNAs that may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Candidate lncRNAs were used for validation in a larger sample of asthma patients and healthy controls. Finally, lncRNAs and molecular pathways associated with the pathogenesis of allergic asthma were identified by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) analysis.
Results
Five differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) were identified after high-throughput sequencing and verified by real-time PCR. LncRNAs ENST0000631797, TCONS_00004989 and ENST00000499459 were verified to have significant differences in expression among the PBMC samples from 15 AAS patients and 15 healthy controls. ENST00000499459/DIXDC1 was finally identified as a marker molecule of allergic asthma after comprehensive ceRNA network analysis.
Conclusion
ENST00000499459 and TCONS_00004989 are potential biomarkers in children with house dust mite-induced allergic asthma.
The role of platelet count in predicting out-field occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Jia Jun , Sun Jing , Li Dong , He Wei-ping , Zhang Dan , Li Wen-gang , Duan Xue-zhang
Published: July 2022

Background
To explore the value of the pretreatment platelet (PLT) count in patients with naïve small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with Cyber-Knife stereotactic body radiation therapy (CK-SBRT).
Methods
A total of 4637 consecutive HCC patients whose single lesion with a diameter ≤ 5 cm were treated with CK-SBRT in our center. After screening, survival outcomes were analyzed in 490 enrolled patients, and radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) was analyzed in 435 patients.
Results
A lower pretreatment PLT count was found to be associated with worse overall survival rates (HR 0.991, 95% CI 0.987–0.995, p < 0.001*), progression-free survival rates (HR 0.996, 95% CI 0.993–0.998, p < 0.001*), lower distant metastasis-free survival rates (HR 0.993, 95%CI 0.991–0.996, p < 0.001*) and higher occurrence rates of RILD (HR 0.983, 95% CI 0.973–0.993, p = 0.001*).
Conclusions
The pretreatment platelet count should be given more attention before CK-SBRT in HCC patients, and the platelet could predict out-field recurrence and radiation induced liver injury.
The sperm-interacting proteome in bovine oviduct fluid: temporal and spatial resolution
Authors: Mahé Coline , Lavigne Régis , Com Emmanuelle , Pineau Charles , Zlotkowska Aleksandra Maria , Guillaume Tsikis , Mermillod Pascal , Schoen Jennifer , Saint-Dizier Marie
Published: July 2022

Background: Spermatozoa interact with oviduct secretions before fertilization in vivo but the molecular players of this dialog and underlying dynamics remain largely unknown. Our objectives were to identify an exhaustive list of sperm-interacting proteins (SIPs) in the bovine oviduct fluid and to evaluate the impact of the oviduct anatomical region (isthmus vs. ampulla) and time relative to ovulation (pre-ovulatory vs. post-ovulatory) on SIP number and abundance. Methods: Pools of oviduct fluid (OF) from the pre-ovulatory ampulla, pre-ovulatory isthmus, post-ovulatory ampulla, and post-ovulatory isthmus in the side of ovulation were collected from the slaughterhouse. Frozen-thawed bull sperm were incubated with OF or phosphate-buffered saline (control) for 60 min at 38.5°C (4 replicates per condition). After protein extraction and digestion, sperm and OF samples were analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS and label-free protein quantification. Results: A quantitative comparison between proteins identified in sperm and OF samples (2,333 and 2,471 proteins, respectively) allowed for the identification of 245 SIPs. The highest number (187) were found in the pre-ovulatory isthmus, i.e. time and place of the sperm reservoir. In total, 41 SIPs (17%) were differentially abundant between stages in a given region or between regions at a given stage and 76 SIPs (31%) were identified in only one region × stage condition. Functional analysis of SIPs predicted roles in cell response to stress, regulation of cell motility, fertilization, and early embryo development. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive list of SIPs in the bovine female genital tract and evidences dynamic spatio-temporal changes in sperm-oviduct interactions around ovulation time. Moreover, these data provide protein candidates to improve sperm conservation and in vitro fertilization media.
Effectiveness of Horizontal Sub-drain to Increase Slope Stability with Vertical Cracks and Weathering Soil in Areas with High Rainfall Intensity
Authors: sari Putu tantri Kumala , Mochtar Indrasurya B. , Chaiyaput Salisa
Published: July 2022

A landslide occurred a few meters from the foot of the power plant tower in a hilly area in the Tulakan District, Pacitan, East Java Province, Indonesia. This incidence occurred after the area was flooded with a cumulative intensity of more than 1000 mm in one month and a maximum daily rainfall above 300 mm. Previous reports considered horizontal sub-drain cost-effective to reduce the groundwater level and the impact of rainwater seepage into the soil on slope stability. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of horizontal sub-drain as an alternative for managing groundwater and rainwater that seeps into the soil to increase the slope factor of safety. The effect of real-time rainfall for 30 days before the landslide, hydraulic conductivity, changes in soil parameters due to cracking and weathering, and the existing groundwater level are also considered. The analyses were carried out using the coupled program SEEP/W for transient seepage and SLOPE/W with finite element method and limit equilibrium. The result showed that horizontal sub-drain increases the slope factor of safety from critical limit to more than 1.1 in 30 days of rainfall in high ground water level condition. The hydraulic conductivity parameters of the soil, the location of the horizontal sub-drain, as well as the cracked and weathered conditions in the soil also affect the effectiveness. In low-level ground water conditions, the duration of the rain and the intensity of the rain also greatly affect the effectiveness of the horizontal sub-drain as well as the number of cracks. In this condition, the safety factor on the slope with the horizontal sub-drain can increase the safety factor from less than one to more than one thus the slope becomes more stable. The results of this study also show that the effectiveness of the horizontal sub-drain is very sensitive to many things, therefore in its planning it is necessary to review many aspects more carefully.
Staple Food Diversity From Palembang, Indonesia
Authors: NILAWATI NURUL SALASA , TANZIHA IKEU , SUKANDAR DADANG , PALUPI ENY
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to examine recipes, processing methods, and nutritional contents of staple food diversity from Palembang, Sumatera – Indonesia which is easy to be developed and has the potential for improving the food and nutrition security of the community. Data had been collected by interviewing 48 people from Gandus District, Palembang City. Analysis of nutritional value was carried out to see the nutritional content of the food. A total of 9 traditional Palembang staple foods have been explored and evaluated. The most preferred and frequently consumed food was pempek lenjer (75%), followed by pempek lenjer, pempek adaan, and pistel , 47.9, 25, and 2.1%, respectively. The highest carbohydrate content was pempek lenjer and pempek pistel , 30.28 and 30.36 g respectively. Based on this study, it was revealed that some traditional foods from Palembang indeed enable to be consumed as a source of carbohydrates alternatives. These foods also have a quality nutrient profile that might support the food and nutrition security of the community.