bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Pedestrianized Kafeler Street (Isparta) in terms of Landscape Architecture
Authors: YILDIRIM Ayça , KÜÇÜK Volkan
Published: June 2020

In this study, it is aimed to examine the pedestrianization of Kafeler Street in Isparta city center in terms of landscape architecture. The purpose of the research, its effects on the environment of pedestrianized cafes, the reasons for its preference, the purposes of use, the extent to which it can respond to the needs of the users, the problems faced by the people using this pedestrian zone and its general deficiencies were determined. In addition, the relationship between pedestrian and vehicle roads and their impact on retail spaces on the pedestrian axis are also determined. In this study, two different surveys were conducted for pedestrian zone users and business owners. Questionnaires prepared with 5-point Likert scale and the data obtained were analyzed with SPSS program. In the light of the data obtained, the problems of the research area were examined and solution suggestions for these problems were presented.
Os sentidos de ser enfermeiro estomaterapeuta: complexidades que envolvem a especialidade
Authors: Costa Carolina Cabral Pereira da , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira , Peres Ellen Marcia , Vieira Manoel Luis Cardoso , Santos Jakeline Costa dos , Cardoso Rafael Seabra Polidoro
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: descrever os sentidos de ser estomaterapeuta considerando a complexidade do processo de cuidar de pessoas com feridas, estomias e incontinências. Método: Estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo descritivo-exploratório, realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, entre os meses de janeiro a abril de 2018, com 22 egressos de um curso de Especialização em Enfermagem em Estomaterapia de uma universidade pública da região Sudeste, seguindo a técnica de snowball. Realizou-se, ainda, a pesquisa documental, a fim de complementar a análise dos dados. Resultados: Os egressos entrevistados relataram que ser estomaterapeuta é cuidar das pessoas que apresentam alguma ferida, estomia e/ou incontinência, ou seja, reconheceram a essência da especialidade. Destacaram que ser estomaterapeuta é cuidar de pessoas que podem ser marginalizadas/estigmatizadas pela sociedade, é trabalhar com foco na reabilitação do paciente, buscando sua reintegração social e independência e é saber ser empreendedor. Conclusão: O sentido de ser estomaterapeuta envolve inserir-se em uma especialidade que confere flexibilidade de atuação no mercado de trabalho e caráter empreendedor, o qual confere reconhecimento profissional e até satisfação financeira. Sugere-se, assim, que novos estudos sejam realizados nessa área, contribuindo para os campos da assistência, ensino, pesquisa e extensão
Mekanik Ventilatör Desteğindeki Hastaların İntravasküler Girişimler Sırasındaki Ağrı Davranışları
Authors: ADA Meltem , YILMAZ Emel
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Araştırma 2. ve 3. basamak yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan, mekanik ventilatore bağlı entübe ya da trakeostomili ve hafif düzeyde sedatize hastaların intravasküler girişimler (arteriyel, santral ve periferik) sırasında yaşadığı ağrı deneyimlerine yönelik davranışsal ve fizyolojik tepkilerini belirlemek amacı ile yapıldı.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmaya Türkiye’nin batı bölgesindeki bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Anestezi Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde yatan 70 hasta alındı. Veriler kişisel bilgi formu, Davranışsal Ağrı Ölçeği (DAÖ), Ramsey Sedasyon Ölçeği (RSÖ) ve fizyolojik ağrı göstergeleri formu kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve Wilcoxon işaretli sıra testi kullanıldı.Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamında alınan hastaların yaş ortalaması 64,53±13,54 yıl, %55,7’si 65 ve üzeri yaş grubunda ve %54,3’ünün erkek hastalardan oluştuğu saptandı. Hastaların %98,6’sının mekanik ventilatöre bağlı olduğu, %87,1’ine sedasyon uygulandığı, RSÖ ortalamasının 2,93±1,12 ve %57,1’inin uyanık olduğu belirlendi. Hastaların intravasküler girişimler sırasında işlem öncesine göre DAÖ puanlarının, ortalama arter basıncı (OAB), nabız ve solunum değerlerinin arttığı gözlendi.Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda; hastaların intravasküler girişimler sırasında farklı düzeylerde ağrı yaşadığı ve bu ağrının fizyololojik parametre (OAB, solunum ve nabız) değerlerini arttırdığı saptandı. Yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan hastaların intravasküler girişimler sırasında ağrıları değerlendirilmeli ve etkili ağrı yönetimi yapılmalıdır.
Doğal ve Cerrahi Menopoza Giren Kadınlarda Cinsel Fonksiyon Bozukluklarının ve Depresyon Durumlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: DURUKAN DURAN Ayşe , SİNAN Özlem
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Araştırma, doğal ve cerrahi yolla menopoza giren kadınların cinsel işlev bozukluğu ve depresyon durumlarını değerlendirmek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Ankara'da özel bir hastanenin kadın doğum polikliniğine başvuran 71'i doğal ve 71'i cerrahi menopozda olan toplam 142 kadın çalışmaya alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında; kadınların sosyo-demografik ve tanıtıcı özelliklerini belirlemeye yönelik soruları, Kadın Cinsel İşlev Ölçeği (KCİÖ) ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) içeren veri toplama formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler ortalama, standart sapma, Mann Whitney U, Ki kare testi ve Spearman korelasyon katsayısı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırmada kadınların yaşları, eğitim düzeyleri, çalışma durumları, gelir düzeyleri ve sosyal güvence durumları her iki grupta da benzer bulunmuştur. Her iki grupta yer alan kadınların çoğunluğunun; menopoz öncesi cinsel sorunlarının olmadığı, menopoz sonrası cinsel yaşamla ilgili yaşanılan sorunların arttığı ve kadınların cinsel sorunlarıyla ilgili danışmanlık almadıkları saptanmıştır. Doğal yolla menopoza giren kadınların, KCİÖ puan ortalamalarının 19,95±6,35 olduğu, cerrahi menopozda olan kadınların ise puan ortalamalarının 17,48±7,28 olduğu bulunmuştur. Doğal menopozda olan kadınların BDÖ puan ortalamalarının 10,17±8,36 olduğu, cerrahi menopozda olan kadınların puan ortalamalarının ise 13,86±10,98 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada kadınların KCİÖ ile BDÖ puan ortalamaları arasında bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (r=0,054, p>0,05). Kadınların KCİÖ'i cinsel istek, lubrikasyon, doyum ve ağrı alt boyutları ile depresyon durumları arasında ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05).Sonuç: Doğal ve cerrahi menopozda olan kadınların cinsel işlev sorunları yaşadığı ve her iki grubun hafif şiddette depresyon aralığında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle, menopoz dönemindeki kadınlara cinsel yaşam ve depresyonla ilgili sağlık eğitimi ve danışmanlık hizmetlerinin sağlanması ve bu alanda hemşirelerin rol alması önerilmektedir.
Agenezi veya Multikistik Displazi: Doğuştan Tek Böbrekli Çocuklarda Hangisi Daha Kötü?
Authors: EZEL ÇELAKIL Mehtap , AKTAŞ ÖZGÜR Merve , BEK Kenan
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Renal agenezi ve Multikistik Displastik Böbrek (MKDB), gelişimsel böbrek kusurlarındandır. Her iki hastalıkta da fonksiyon gören tek böbrek mevcuttur. Yapılan çalışmalarda her iki hastalık ayrı ayrı incelenmiş ve uzun dönem sonuçları paylaşılmıştır.Yöntem: Çalışmaya Kocaeli Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Nefroloji Polikliniğinden takipli olan 103 tek taraflı renal agenezi, 76 tek taraflı MKDB tanılı toplam 179 hastanın dosyaları geriye dönük olarak tarandı. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, ailede üriner sistem anomali öyküsü, antenatal tanı öyküsü, oligohidramnios öyküsü, eşlik eden ek hastalık öyküsü, cerrahi öyküsü ve anne-baba akrabalığı kaydedildi. Renal agenezi ve MKDB hastaları epidemiyolojik, etiyolojik, klinik ve prognostik faktörler açısından karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Tanı yaşı MKDB’de ortanca 1 ay (0-156), renal agenezilerde 48 ay (6-96) olarak bulundu (p<0,01). Antenatal tanı MKDB’de %82,7 (62), renal agenezilerde %49,5 (51) idi (p<0,001). Renal agenezilerde kız/erkek oranı 0,56 (37 kız, 66 erkek), multikistik displazilerde 1,02 (38 kız,37 erkek) idi (p<0,05). Her iki grupta da hastalık sol tarafta daha sıktı (MKDB 44 hasta, renal agenezi 67 hasta). Multikistik displastik böbrek tanısı alan 4 (%5,4) hastada doğum sırasında karşı taraftaki böbrekte hipertrofi mevcuttu. Takip eden yıllarda karşı tarafta hipertrofi gelişimi iki grup arasında benzerdi (MKDB %38,7, renal agenezi %46,1). Karşı tarafta hipertrofi başlama zamanı MKDB hastalarında anlamlı derecede daha erkendi (MKDB 32 ay, renal agenezi 72 ay) (p<0,05). Takip süreleri boyunca mikroalbuminüri görülme riski MKDB hastalarında anlamlı derecede yüksekti (renal agenezilerde %14,6, MKDB’de %30,3) (p<0,05).Sonuç: Her iki hastalık da uzun dönem takibi açısından iyi prognozludur. Hastalara rutin voiding sistoüreterografi (VCUG) çekilmesine ve rutin nefrektomi uygulamasına gerek yoktur.
Report of a Case of Auricular Keloid
Authors: SAKTHİVEL Soundarya , BABU G Subhas , CASTELİNO Renita , AJİLA Vidya , BİSWAS Anwesha
Published: June 2020

Keloids are benign fibroproliferative growth seen on the skin usually secondary to trauma. They are scar tissues that project above the skin surface and may be tender or pruritic. They cause functional and aesthetic discomfort to the patient. This is a case report of a 34 year old woman who was diagnosed as a case of keloid of the left auricle and treated surgically. Keloids have a high degree of recurrence even after treatment. It is crucial to differentiate keloids from hypertrophic scars and treat them accordingly.
Changes Occurring in the Proteome of SH-SY5Y Cells Caused by Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) Protein Expression Reveals Multifaceted Properties of the FTO Protein
Authors: KANLI Aylin , KASAP Murat , AKPINAR Gürler , YANAR Sevinç
Published: June 2020

Objective: Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) protein is an RNA-demethylase which is employed in various metabolic functions such as post-transcriptional modifications, DNA repair and fatty acid utilization. Fat mass and obesity associated protein was initially found to be closely associated with obesity and increased body-mass-index and later studies have established association of FTO with neurological diseases and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of R316Q FTO mutation on soluble proteome in SH-SY5Y cells.Methods: SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing the wild-type (WT) and the mutant FTO proteins under the control of Tet-promoter were used to study changes in overall proteome using two-dimentional Difference Gel Electrophoresis approach. More than 500 protein spots were compared in samples that overexpressed the WT-FTO or the mutant-FTO protein according to 2-fold-criteria. Spots displaying differences were cut from the gels and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Results: In overall, the expression of neither the WT nor the mutant FTO caused major changes in the soluble proteome. However, we observed some minor changes in six protein spots. Three of those protein spots belonged to Hsp70 and were up-regulated in the mutant-FTO-expressing cells. This indicated that Hsp70 was not only up-regulated but also post-translationally modified. The other proteins regulated were phosphoglycerate kinase-1, calmodulin and keratin. Conclusion: These results indicated that FTO appear to be associated with energy metabolism and might induce the cellular stress. In addition, FTO might affect to the Wnt signalling pathway. In overall, our study highlighted the multifaceted properties of the FTO and reflected onto the changes occurring in the proteome of neuroblastoma cells.
Aufstieg und Fall der Geisteswissenschaftlichen Pädagogik
Authors: Reitemeyer-Witt Ursula
Published: June 2020

Rise and Fall of ›Geisteswissenschaftliche Pädagogik‹

Following Wilhelm Dilthey’s differentiation between humanities and natural sciences his students developed a philosophical approach to educational questions and established pedagogy as a self-standing science in German universities after WW1. Many of them cooperated with the National Socialists and did not reflect the inhumanity of political totalitarism in spite of their classical understanding of ›Bildung‹. After the empiric turn in the field of education ›Geisteswissenschaftliche Pädagogik‹ and philosophy lost their influence on educational theories in the second half of the twentieth century.
Aktualität der Geisteswissenschaftlichen Pädagogik
Authors: Matthes Eva
Published: June 2020

The Relevance of ›Geisteswissenschaftliche Pädagogik‹

The article deals with two central topics of ›Geisteswissenschaftliche Pädagogik‹ – educational relationship and relative educational autonomy – from the perspective of the current relevance of this scientific paradigm. On the one hand, a look at the history of reception is taken and on the other hand the statements are rounded off by the author’s own positioning.
Entoloma sequestratum, a new species from northern Thailand, and a worldwide key to sequestrate taxa of Entoloma (Entolomataceae)
Authors: Elliott T.F. , Nelsen D.J. , Karunarathna S.C. , Stephenson S.L.
Published: June 2020

Based on our study of the morphology and genetics of sporocarps collected in the mountains of northern Thailand, we herein describe Entoloma sequestratum as a new sequestrate member of the Entolomotaceae. This serves as the first report of a sequestrate member of the genus
from Thailand. In addition, we provide a worldwide key to all of the described sequestrate members of the genus.
Naskah Kebijakan JKN_P2 Kependudukan LIPI
Authors: Sitohang Marya Yenita
Published: June 2020

Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) adalah program perlindungan dan pelayanan kesehatankepada seluruh penduduk Indonesia, termasuk kelompok miskin. Secara ekonomi, pekerja sektorinformal adalah kelompok rentan karena bersifat skala kecil dengan penghasilan yang tidak menentu.Data Susenas 2018 menemukan masih terdapat 10% pekerja sektor informal dengan kategori miskindan rentan miskin yang belum memiliki jaminan kesehatan. Pekerja sektor informal (pekerja bukanpenerima upah - PBPU) juga teridentifikasi sebagai kelompok tidak optimal dalam pembayaran premi.Di perdesaan, pekerja sektor informal cenderung memiliki pemahaman JKN yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan di perkotaan. Umumnya pemanfaatan JKN rendah ketika mengakses rawat jalan, dan meningkat bagi Peserta PBPU di perkotaan. Dengan demikian, dua strategi yangditawarkan, yaitu (1) strategi perluasan dan keberlanjutan kepesertaan dan (2) strategi optimalisasilayanan kesehatan bagi pekerja sektor informal.
Genetic code as an image of the mirror image. Part II
Authors: Rakočević Miloje M.
Published: June 2020

This unifying paper represents a compilation of three small works, published in OSF Preprints. All three works are related to the first part of the paper entitled with the same title as this, they are practically its continuation. The reason for giving up writing a special text as "Part II" and declaring two supplements and one scientific note as "Part II" lies in the epilogue of the first part of this paper, which (epilogue) I give here in Appendix.
Bathing facilities and health phronesis: tackling English obesity
Authors: Huston Simon
Published: June 2020

The Coronavirus pandemic has raised questions about public health system fragility or lack of health phronesis (practical wisdom). The UK is one of the unhealthiest developed nations on the planet with over 35% of its population projected to be obese by 2025. Notwithstanding, local sports infrastructure is patchy, raising the spectre of ‘accumulation by dispossession’. To investigate English obesity problem and its eu̯daemonic impediments the study ignored lines of inquiry involving confectionary vested interests. Instead, it focused on bathing amenities that, since antiquity, signal civilisation. The phronetic bathing health research involved five sequential phases. First, the health issue was identified (1) and then bathing facilities put into historical context (2a). A structured literature review of contemporary facilities and health associations (2b) provided the backdrop for subsequent nomothetical (3a-e) and idiographic investigations (4a-c). The mixed research strands were finally synthesised (5). Statistical analysis of English local area standardised mortality (2013-2017) found a significant association with pool sparsity, controlling for deprivation, obesity and other environmental factors (3a-b). Longitudinal time series modelling of English swimming pool construction data since the Victorian era found that, recently, it has become erratic and diverges from its GDP and population growth fundamentals (3c-e). Idiosyncratically, the study considered three case studies, looking for qualitative insights (4). The closure of Bromley Lido in 1983 raises suspicions that short-termism or agency issues usurped public health phronesis (4a). In Cirencester, mistrust lingers about the privileged beneficiaries of local leisure service outsourcing (4b). An exemplary German pool complex in Ludenscheid illuminates comparative UK public bathing infrastructure deficiencies and intimates paradigm myopia or managerialist neglect (4c). Although the study is preliminary with acknowledged limitations, the literature reviews, nomothetic analyses and case studies impel phronetic deliberations to re-calibrate investment towards ecological public health and resilience in post-COVID ‘doughnut’ economy.
Conformal surface and visual focusing
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: June 2020

Conformal surface and visual focusing
What constrains distributional learning in adults?
Authors: Kleinschmidt Dave F
Published: June 2020

One of the many remarkable features of human language is it's flexibility: during acquisition, any normally-developing human infant can acquire any human language, and during adulthood, language users quickly and flexibly adapt to a wide range of talker variation. Both language acquisition in infants and adaptation in adults have been hypothesized to be forms of distributional learning, where flexibility is driven by sensitivity to statistical properties of sensory stimuli and the corresponding underlying linguistic structures. Despite the similarities between these forms of linguistic flexibility, there are obvious differences as well, chief among them being that adults have a much harder time acquiring the same unfamiliar languages that they would have picked up naturally during infancy. This suggests that there are strong constraints on distributional learning during adulthood. This paper provides further, direct evidence for these constraints, by showing that American English listeners struggle to learn voice-onset time (VOT) distributions that are atypical of American English. Moreover, computational modeling shows that the pattern of distributional learning (or lack thereof) across different VOT distributions is consistent with Bayesian belief-updating, starting from prior beliefs that are very similar to the VOT distributions produced by a typical talker of American English. Together, this suggests that distributional learning in adults is constrained by prior experience with other talkers, and that distributional learning may be a computational principle of human language that operates throughout the lifespan.
Studies Past and Future of the Past and Future: Commentary on Schoemaker 2020
Authors: Mandel David R.
Published: June 2020

This is a commentary on a forthcoming essay by Paul Schoemaker entitled, "How Historical Analysis Can Enrich Scenario Planning."
Tighter nets for smaller fishes: Mapping the development of statistical practices in consumer research between 2008 and 2020
Authors: Krefeld-Schwalb Antonia , Scheibehenne Benjamin
Published: June 2020

During the last decade, the confidence in many social sciences, including consumer research, has been undermined by doubts about the replicability of empirical research findings. These doubts have led to increased calls to improve research practices and adopt new measures to increase the replicability of published work from various stakeholders such as funding agencies, journals, and scholars themselves. Despite these demands, it is unclear to which the research published in the leading consumer research journals has adhered to these calls for change. This article provides the first systematic empirical analysis of this question by surveying three crucial statistics of published consumer research over time: sample sizes, effect sizes, and the distribution of published p-values. The authors compile a hand-coded sample of N = 258 articles published between 2008 and 2020 in the Journal of Consumer Psychology, the Journal of Consumer Research and the Journal of Marketing Research. An automated text analysis across all publications in these three journals corroborates the representativeness of the hand-coded sample. Results reveal a substantial increase in sample sizes above and beyond the use of online samples along with a decrease in reported effect sizes. Yet, despite increased sample sizes, the expected replicability of published results in the last 12 years has not increased.
Inductive Logic from the Viewpoint of Quantum Information
Authors: Penchev Vasil Dinev
Published: June 2020

The resolving of the main problem of quantum mechanics about how a quantum leap and a smooth motion can be uniformly described resolves also the problem of how a distribution of reliable data and a sequence of deductive conclusions can be uniformly described by means of a relevant wave function “Ψdata”.
Role of Webinars in Medical Educations during Pandemic of COVID 19
Authors: Nepal Pankaj Raj
Published: June 2020

Not available.
Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Patients in Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Acharya Ramesh Raj , Yogi Nikunja , Khadka Susmita , Kunwar Dipak , Kunwar Rajyashree , Shrestha Rakshya , Karki Adhyashree
Published: June 2020

Background: In the last few decades, the incidence of stroke has doubled in low- and middle-income countries, whereas, during the same period stroke incidence has declined by 42% in high-income countries. The major type of stroke is ischemic, which occurs in about 87% of all stroke cases. According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2010, out of 11 million ischemic strokes occurred, among them, 63% were from a low- and middle-income country. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical presentation and risk factors of stroke patients.

Materials and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Proforma was designed for socio-demographic factors and common risk factors for stroke. A Chi-square test was conducted for a bivariate relationship between clinical presentation and stroke type.

Results: Altogether 50 participants were included in the study. Among them, 58% were age 65 and over,36% belonged to the age group 45 to 65 years and 6% belonged to the age group less than 45 years. Among the risk factors, the most common risk factor was hypertension (50%). Among the clinical presentation aphasia (46%) was the most common presentation, whereas, gait abnormality (6%) and eye gaze impairment (6%) were the least common presentation. Headache and speech abnormality was significantly associated with stroke type.

Conclusion: Headache and speech abnormality are significantly associated with different types of stroke.
Lateral Limit of Superior Sagittal Sinus in Respect to External Part of Sagittal Suture
Authors: Nepal Pankaj Raj , Magar Birat Thapa
Published: June 2020

Background: Sagittal suture has been used as an external landmark of superior sagittal sinus since the very beginning of neurosurgery. However, most of the time the sinus is not exactly under the suture line, rather, it has some displacement to one side. So, to analyze the variation of the lateral limit of superior sagittal sinus from the external part of sagittal sinus this study was performed.

Materials and methods: Consecutive cases of MRI brain with contrast done in B&C Medical College Teaching Hospital was collected over 3 months, Age, gender, right, and left lateral limits of the superior sagittal sinus from the sagittal suture at its mid-point was collected in preformed proforma. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for the continuous variables, ANOVA was done to evaluate the association of gender with the lateral limits of sinus and Pearson correlation was done to see the relation of age with the lateral limits of the sinus. All the analysis was done using IBM SPSS 20.

Results: There were a total of 40 patients enrolled in the study. The mean age was 39.8 years with male (75%) predominance. The lateral right limit of the superior sagittal sinus was up to 23mm and in the left up to 17.1mm from the outer limit of the sagittal suture. There was no significant association of gender with both the right and left limits of the superior sagittal sinus. Similarly, there was no significant correlation of age with the lateral limit of the superior sagittal sinus.

Conclusion: The mean existence of superior sagittal sinus is 9.57mm in the right to 5.78mm in the left side from the outer limit of the sagittal suture. However, in extreme stances it's lateral limits can extend up to 17mm in left to 23mm in the right from the outer limit of the sagittal suture.
Outcome of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Study in Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Rajbanshi Jagat Narayan , Nepal Pankaj Raj
Published: June 2020

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an irreversible phenomenon inside the brain parenchyma resulting in mild to severe neurological deficit. Based on etiology it is broadly divided into primary and secondary. Primary ICH is usually due to the rupture of Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm and chronic hypertension. Charcot – Bouchard aneurysms are supposed to get formed due to lipohyalinosis. With the aim to evaluate the outcome of primary ICH admitted to our institute this study is performed.

Materials and methods: This is a prospective analytical study, where all the consecutive patients of the primary ICH were collected. Quantitative variables like age, the volume of hematoma, midline shift, GCS, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were presented as mean and standard deviation (S.D). Whereas, qualitative variables like gender, site, and side of hematoma, type of treatment, best motor response were presented in frequency and percentage. The outcome of the patient was measured using the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and the association between qualitative/quantitative variables and GOS was done using the chi-square test or Fischer exact test whenever applicable in SPSS20.

Results: There were a total of 31 patients with a mean age of 59.81(S. D 15.8) year and male predominance (74%). The mean volume of hematoma was 40 ml. Similarly, midline shift ranged from zero to 14 mm. The majority of primary ICH were located in basal ganglia (35%) and on the right side (52%). The mean GCS at presentation was 12.1 (S.D 2.166). Mean Systolic blood pressure was 163.77 mmHg (S.D 34.6 mmHg) with maximum SBP up to 240mmHg. There was a 14% mortality in this study group with favorable outcome (GOS 4 and 5) in 82%. GOS was significantly associated with the volume of hematoma and midline shift.

Conclusion: The outcome of primary ICH is strongly associated with the volume of hematoma and midline shift. They were generally associated with hypertension with a mean systolic blood pressure of >160 mm Hg.
Family Disruption as a New Prospect to Consider in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rijal Suman , Nepal Pankaj Raj
Published: June 2020

Background: Different types of behavioral changes are seen in head injury patients, and these changes are directly or indirectly related to the daily activities of both patient and the family members. The impact of head injury has affected the relationships in the family and friendship status too. Even it has brought about divorce and other family disruption in the present modern world. This study was designed with the aim of evaluating family disruption in different grades of head injury.

Materials and methods: This is a prospective analytical study that included 76 patients with non-probability consecutive sampling conducted at the National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Nepal over 6 months duration. All head-injured patients above the age of 16 years were included and patients with Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale of less than 3 at 6 months follow up were excluded. Their age, gender, mode of injury, GCS at presentation were collected. Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale and their family adjustment were evaluated at 6 months. The family adjustment was seen and analyzed from the GOS-E interview questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS v.20.

Results: The total number of patients was 76 among which 71% were below 40 years of age and the majority (87%) were males. The commonest mode of injury was a road traffic accident (35, 46%) followed by injury due to fall and physical assault. Of all, 76% (58/76) were mild head injured followed by 15% (11/76) severe head-injured patients. At 6 months, the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (EGOS) of 7 and 8 were obtained in 37% and 43% of the patients respectively. All the family who had severe head-injured patients and about 85% of the family with moderate head-injured patients had a significant degree of family disruption. Also, 8% of families with Mild head-injured patients had some degree of family disruption. Family disruption and its extent of severity were significantly related to the severity of the head injury.

Conclusion: Family disruption and extent of disruption/ strain are also strongly associated with the severity of the head injury.
Management of Stroke: The Triumphs and the Travails
Authors: Bhattarai Robin
Published: June 2020

Not available.
Trapping and Thrombectomy of Giant Thrombosed Vertebral Artery Aneurysm via Bilateral Subocciptal Approach – Technical Note
Authors: Gurung Pritam , Kuga Yoshihiro , Kodama Yuji , Taomoto Katsushi , Ohnishi Hideyuki
Published: June 2020

Background: Giant aneurysms arising from the vertebral artery (VA) are rare; they represent 4% to 6% of all intracranial giant aneurysm. The natural history of thrombosed aneurysms is extremely poor. Most such lesions progressively enlarge and result in irreversible progression of neurological deficits and fatal sequelae through resultant compression of the brainstem. We present the clinical experience of giant thrombosed vertebral artery aneurysm successfully treated via a bilateral suboccipital approach. A 62 –year-old woman presented with slight dysarthria and ataxia for one year. Neurological examination showed right lateral gaze nystagmus, bilateral absent corneal reflex, absent gag reflex, bilateral dysdiadochokinesia, poor right finger nose test, and slightly poor tandem gait. MRI showed a 27 mm giant thrombosed left VA aneurysm with brain stem compression. We performed trapping of the aneurysm and thrombectomy through a bilateral suboccipital approach. First, the distal portion was clipped from the left side. Next, the proximal portion was approached from the right side. Thrombectomy was performed and after shrinkage of the aneurysm, the clips were applied involving some part of the aneurysm just distal to PICA.

Conclusion: The optimum treatment for aneurysm of this type is thought to be complete obliteration of the parent artery with trapping and thrombectomy to decompress the brainstem. Sometimes if PICA could not be preserved Occipital artery (OA)-PICA bypass should be considered.
Rural Development initiatives of Baram Community of Takukot of Barpaksulikot rural municipality of Gorkha, Nepal
Authors: Baram Bhadra
Published: June 2020

Rural development is process of socio economic transformation of rural people by rural people. So as the rural people Baram community of Gorkha have initiated own development interventions on different sectors of local development. Rural development is a process of action with economic, political, cultural and social dimensions. To put it differently, agricultural development is a process whereby the farmers possess modern knowledge and information. It is imperative for the farmers to have and accept the necessary technologies, innovations and knowledge for the rural development. The objective of the study is to explore the rural development initiatives on Environment, Agriculture, Tourism, Innovation, Employment, Migration, and informal economy of Baram Community of Takukot Gorkha Nepal. Methodologically 10 households were surveyed as Household questionnaire survey (HS). Purposively 1 female and 4 male ward members were selected for focus group discussion (FGD) in ward office. One ward chairperson was invited for Key Informant’s Interview (KII). In conclusion Baram community is one of the dignified community of Nepal. Economically and socially their living standard is below the satisfactory line. They are marginalized people but laborious and active in rural development activities in rural municipalities. Baram communities are highly active in environment conservation, modern agriculture, rural innovation, tourism, employment generation and other informal economies.
Local Government: Constitutional Vision and Present Practice
Authors: Pradhan Krishna Man
Published: June 2020

Is it local government or local level unit of provincial and federal level governments? The constitution is still unclear. The constitution has not any provision of opposition party but it has executive, legislative and judiciary power allocation system of the organs of a government. To explore the vision and practice of local governance in Nepal, the study has been conducted. The methodology consists of analyzing primary and secondary sources. Primary data have been collected through field discussions with the stakeholders. Regarding the local governance various recommendations are presented in conclusion.
An ethnography of old-age homes and senior-citizens in Devghat
Authors: Sharma Sharada Devi
Published: June 2020

Old-age homes are Sanyas Ashrams in Vedic philosophy. Sanyas Ashram is the preparation of death and it teaches the art of death. It is the university of art of death of old and experienced people who can share the knowledge and experiences of their lifetime achievements. The main objective of the study is to examine the socio economic and cultural status of old-age people living in Deveghat pilgrimage areas. It is a mini ethnography study based on field visit observation, focus group discussion and unstructured interview. I conclude that the old-age homes of Devghat are normal in-terms of the lifestyle of the elderly living there, their happiness level and the facility provided to them. Lastly the major reasons behind them coming to the old-age home was rather found to be in a mixed bag form as some came there due to the social reasons and economic reasons and some due to their faith in god and in belief of getting peace after death. But it has long way to go to make like a heaven type of Sanyas Ashram. At least it must be like a Vrindavan with entire worldly facilities of learning and sharing of knowledge production university.
Comparing Diet Quality of School Meals versus Food Brought from Home
Authors: Everitt Tracy , Engler-Stringer Rachel , Martin Wanda , Vatanparast Hassanali
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Consuming nutritious food is essential to learning. The purpose of this research was to determine the diet quality of elementary school lunches, both those in meal programs and those bringing food from home, in urban and rural locations in Saskatchewan.

Methods: Using a School Food Checklist and digital photography we compared food group servings and diet quality in 3 school types: urban schools with a meal program and urban and rural schools without a meal program. The total sample was 773 students.

Results: Only 55% of students brought the minimum number of servings for grain products and meat and alternatives, with fewer bringing the minimum for vegetables and fruit (25.6%–34.9%), whole grains (24.1%), and milk and alternatives (14.1%). Students bringing food from home had significantly more calories in their lunches from minimally nutritious foods. Students in meal programs had the highest diet quality scores using the Healthy Eating Index adapted for school hours.

Conclusions: The diet quality of elementary students’ lunches needs improvement, although students in meal programs have healthier diets. Interventions targeting what children eat at school should focus on increasing the number of students meeting recommendations for healthy foods while decreasing minimally nutritious foods brought to school.
Knowledge and Perceptions of Plant-Based Diets among Competitive and Recreational Athletes
Authors: Iwasa-Madge Kevin , Wegener Jessica
Published: June 2020

Little is known about athletes’ perceptions of emerging dietary guidance on plant-based diets (PBD). To explore knowledge and perceptions of PBD among competitive and recreational athletes, an online survey was developed, pilot tested, and sent via email to athletes recruited from 2 Canadian post-secondary institutions. Survey questions explored athletes’ understanding and views of the proposed Canadian dietary guidelines emphasizing plant-based proteins. Data were analyzed using grounded theory approaches. Forty-eight athletes participated in the survey. Two major themes emerged: (i) athletes had mixed perceptions of plant-based eating (PBE) and (ii) athletes associated PBE with broader food system concerns. Athletes have the potential to be important advocates of healthy and sustainable eating among peer groups and the general public. For effective promotion of PBE, the unique nutrient requirements and performance goals of athletes should be considered. Messaging to encourage a flexible rather than strict view of PBD may be a more feasible and acceptable approach when working with athletes.
Dairy and Plant-Based Dairy Alternatives Purchasing Habits of Guelph-Based Families with Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Laila Amar , Darlington Gerarda , Duncan Alison M. , Haines Jess , Ma David W.L. , Von Massow Michael , Wallace Angela , Newton Genevieve , Buchholz Andrea C.
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate dairy and plant-based dairy alternatives (DPBDA) purchasing habits, including comparisons among locations of purchase and among subtypes of DPBDA, of families with preschool-aged children.

Methods: Expenditures on food and DPBDA were calculated using grocery and food receipts collected for 3 weeks from 51 households in and around Guelph, Ontario, Canada. DPBDA were coded by subtypes (alternatives, cheese/yogurt, cow’s milk, cream, and ice cream/other) and by locations of purchase, which were coded as big-box, discount, high-end, local/other, and midrange stores. Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations was used to investigate odds of purchasing DPBDA by location of purchase. All models included family income and number of children as potential confounders.

Results: Ninety-eight percent of families purchased cheese/yogurt, 92% purchased cow’s milk, and 35% of families purchased plant-based dairy alternatives. Families were more likely to purchase DPBDA from big-box stores than discount, midrange, or local/other stores (P < 0.01) and were more likely to purchase cheese/yogurt than dairy alternatives, cream, or ice cream/other subtypes (P < 0.01). Odds of purchasing were not different between cheese/yogurt and cow’s milk.

Conclusion: Families’ DPBDA purchasing habits differ by purchase location and subtype. Further research is warranted to understand the factors affecting these purchasing habits.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Lansia Melalui Penyuluhan Kesehatan Reproduksi Pada Lansia Pre-Menopause di Desa Sumberejo Kecamatan Banyuputih
Authors: Noervadila Irma , Puspitasari Yesi , Kartika Lisma Dian , Idayani Darsih , Rasyidi Ahmad Khafas
Published: June 2020

Perkembangan dan pertumbuhan manusia akan terhenti, sehingga berikutnya akan terjadi banyak perubahan pada fungsi tubuh manusia. Perubahan tersebut paling banyak terjadi pada wanita karena pada proses menua terjadi suatu fase yaitu fase menopause (Sasitorn, 2016). Menopause merupakan masa berhentinya menstruasi yang terjadi pada perempuan dengan rentang usia 48 sampai 55 tahun. Peristiwa Pre-menopause sering tidak menjadi perhatian bagi kebanyakan wanita karena dianggapnya sebagai peristiwa alami, sebagian kecil mengganggapnya sebagai sesuatu yang buruk, menopause juga dianggap sebagai hal yang tabu untuk dibicarakan secara terbuka. Hal ini dikarenakan dasar pengetahuan wanita tentang menopause masih sedikit sehingga wanita Pre-menopause enggan untuk mencaritahu tentang informasi tentang Pre-menopause. cara mengatasimasa menopauseketerlibatan pemerintah dan juga masyarakat dalam mengatasi masalah menopause antara lain bekerjasama dengan tim dari berbagai disiplin ilmu misalnya psikologi dan tenaga kesehatan melalui kegiatan posyandu lansia sebagai tempat efektif untuk memberikan informasi tentang Pre-menopause, menopause, dan pasca menopause. Peran bidan di komunitas diharapkan dapat memberikan konseling di wilayah kerjanya sebagai tempat yang efektif untuk memberikan informasi tentang Pre-menopause, menopause, dan pasca menopause.
Pengajaran Mengunakan Peta Sejarah dan Brosur Melalui Model PAIKEM (Pembelajaran Aktif, Inovatif , Kreatif dan Menyenamgkan ) bagi Guru di SMP PUTRA MAJU
Authors: Rusdiana Yusinta Tia , Heryati Heryati
Published: June 2020

Pembelajaran IPS di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP), pada umumnya dirasa membosankan oleh sebagian besar siswa. IPS dianggap tidak menarik karena hanya berisi tahun-tahun, rentetan peristiwa dan kejadian, tokoh-tokoh, fakta-fakta kering. Kebanyakan guru-guru yang mengajar mata pelajaran IPS masih monoton, tidak memberikan contoh-contoh faktual, serta tidak digunakannya media pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan ketertarikan siswa terhadap pelajaran ini. Oleh karenanya pelatihan pengajaran mengunakan peta sejarah beserta contoh brosur tempat wisata sejarah di kota Pakembang diharapkan dapat mendorong guru-guru di smp Putra Maju dapat membuat dan mengembangkan media dan menggunakannya dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga diharapkan kegiatan pembelajaran IPS berubah menjadi lebih menarik dan bermakna. Para guru merasa antusias mengikuti kegiatan pengabdian ini yang ditunjukkan dengan keaktivan mereka dalam mengikuti pelatihan . Mereka juga menindaklanjuti dengan praktik model-model pembelajaran salah satunya model PAIKEM, contoh media daam pengejaran di kelas  para guru saling berdiskusi serta berkonsultasi dengan tim pengabdi dalam pendampingan. Mereka menganggap kegiatan ini sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kompetensi mereka sebagai guru yang harus merancang dan melaksanakan kegiatan pedagogis. Pengajaran dengan mengunakan peta sejarah disertai brosur sejarah merupakan salah satu rangkaian kegiatan tersebut sehingga membantuk meningkatkan skill dan kompetensi mereka.
Implementasi Media Flash Card dalam Menanamkan Nilai Karakter Religius pada Pembelajaran Membaca Permulaan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Hamidah Jamiatul
Published: June 2020

Metode pembelajaran membaca permulaan yang dilakukan oleh guru TK Al-Kautsar  masih bersifat konvensional. Artinya metode  yang digunakan masih bersifat monoton, guru menggunakan metode ceramah dengan media papan tulis, spidol, dan penghapus. Hal ini kurang menarik untuk pembelajaran membaca permulaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan penerapan media flash card untuk menanamkan nilai karakter religius dalam pembelajaran membaca permulaan pada anak usia dini di TK Al-Kautsar. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan observasi, serta refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media flash card dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan anak usia dini dan efektif untuk menanamkan nilai pendidikan karakter religius.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE BERKIRIM SALAM DAN SOAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKN SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 20 PONTIANAK
Authors: Monica Luvy , Octavia Erna
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini, bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran cooperative berkirim salam dan soal terhadap hasil belajar pendidikan kewarganegaraan siswa kelas VII di sekolah menengah pertama negeri 20 pontianak.Metode penelitian ini metode Kuantitatif jenis eksperimen. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahandata, maka dapat disimpulkan hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut: (1) Hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan sebelum dilaksanakannya model pembelajaran cooperative berkirim salam dan soal terhadap hasil belajar pendidikan kewarganegaraan siswa kelas VII di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negerti 20 Pontianak, termasuk dalam kategori “tidak tuntas”, karena rata-rata hasil beajar yang dilakukan oleh peneliti adalah 60,94. (2) Hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan setelah dilaksanakannya model pembelajaran cooperative berkirim salam dan soal terhadap hasil belajar pendidikan kewarganegaraan siswa kelas VII di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negerti 20 Pontianak.termasuk dalam kategori “Tuntas”, karena rata-rata hasil belajar yang dilakukan oleh peneliti adalah 75,31 . Ini dapat dilihat dari adanya keinginan siswa untuk berhasl dalam belajar, serta adanya semangat dan kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dengan sangat baik.(3) Terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran cooperative berkirim salam dan soal terhadap hasil belajar pendidikan kewarganegaraan siswa kelas VII di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negerti 20 Pontianak. Ini dilihat dari perhitungan berapa besar pengaruh atau (tinggi rendah) menggunakan Effect Size yang hasilnya yaitu Es = 1.49 “tergolong tinggi” dengan Kriteria besarnya Effect Size adalah Es < 0,3 tergolong rendah, 0,3 ≤ Es ≤ 0,7 tergolong sedang, Es > 0,7 tergolong tinggi.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DI SMP BUMI KHATULISTIWA
Authors: Moad Moad , Zuldafrial Zuldafrial
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran pendidikan kewaranegaraan di jenjang sekolah menengah pertama (SMP). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dasar dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan bentuk studi kasus. Adapun sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Informan terdiri dari kepala sekolah, guru PKn, dan siswa serta dokumen pemebelajaran terdiri dari silabus, RPP, foto pembelajaran dan penilai pembelajaran. Internalisasi nilai pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan di SMP Bumi Khatulistiwa maliputi (1) Rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) yang dikembangkkan guru mencakup aspek sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Karakter yang di kembangkan dalam pembelajaran meliputi: Religius, Jujur, Toleransi, Disiplin, Kerja Keras, Kreatif, Mandiri, Demokratis, Menghargai Prestasi, Bersahabat/ Komunikatif, Peduli Lingkungan, Peduli sosial, Tanggung jawab yang di kembangkan malalui Materi pembelajaran yang memuat fakta, konsep, prinsip, dan prosedur yang relevan dengan ilmu pendidikan kewaganegaraan bersumber dari buku media sosial, publikasi dan media cetak yang tersebar dalam satuan perangkat pembelajaran yang di rencanakan guru dalam pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan yang dirancang guru dalam rancangan satu semester. Motode bervariasi dengan mendepankan metode studen center dan konfensional. Pada proses pelaksanaan implementasi nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran PKn dapat dilihat dari beberapa bagian, proses pembelajaran, Materi, Strategi atau metode pembelajaran yang digunakan, media pembelajaran yang digunakan, dan evaluasi yang digunakan. Strategi dan motode yang digunakan oleh guru PKn dalam pembelajaran yang mengimplemntasikan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter memliputi: (1) Strategi Pembelajaran Langsung (2) Strategi Pembelajaran Interaktif (interactive instruction) (3) Strategi Pembelajaran melalui Pengalaman  (4) Strategi Pembelajaran Mandiri dengan media pembelajaran bersifat audio, visual dan audio-visual. Hasil akhri dari implemtasi nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran PKn ini output pembalajarannya tidak hanya terfokus penilaian akademis tetapi juga karakter yang di internalisasikan dalam pembelajaran PKn.