bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School inclusion and attitudes toward people with an intellectual disability
Authors: Thomas Rhian , Rose John
Published: July 2019

People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are often subject to prejudice and negative attitudes within mainstream society. Personal contact has been found to be one of the most important factors in improving negative attitudes. Governmental policy changes in the UK in the 1990s facilitated the inclusion of children with IDs into mainstream education. The current study aimed to investigate whether the contact that students had with peers with IDs, through the inclusion of students with IDs in mainstream schools, is related to attitudes toward people with IDs. Two hundred and fortyseven undergraduate students completed an online questionnaire which measured attitudes toward people with IDs, and both the quality and quantity of contact with people with IDs in varying contexts. Correlational and regression analyses show that more contact at school is significantly associated with positive attitudes toward people with IDs, when controlling for contact in other contexts. Findings suggest that those who had a more, or higher, quality of contact were significantly more likely to have more positive attitudes in adulthood. These findings suggest that inclusion policies may help to encourage more positive attitudes toward people with IDs in the long term. Further research is necessary to replicate these findings, and to further these findings by investigating the specific experiences at school that may encourage more positive attitudes.
The impact of environmental regulations on forest product trade in China
Authors: Zhang Yijing , Luo Wen , Duan Xinyun , Gao Lan
Published: July 2019

Forest product trade plays an important role in the development of the Chinese forest industry. The trading value of forest product has shown a yearly growth rate of 12% during the last five recent years. Stringent environmental regulations in China have a profound impact on raw material supplies and industrial production in the forest sector; however, their impact on the forest product trade is still unclear. This study applies fixed and random effects models as well as a seemingly unrelated regression model to investigate the impact of environmental regulations on the trade of forest product from 2002 to 2015. The results indicate that the stringent environmental regulations promoted the import but restricted the export of forest product in general. Specifically, the stringent environmental regulations stimulated the import but had an ambiguous impact on the export of the paper product. The stringent environmental regulations had also stimulated the import of wood product but inhibited the export. In contrast, wooden furniture had been affected minimally; only export got slightly negatively affected by environmental regulations.

Recommendations for resource managers:

Trade‐offs between economic growth and environmental regulations are needed to smoothly promote the forest product trade in China.

Paper and wooden furniture product sectors are less likely to be affected by stringent environmental regulations, because high value‐added products could compensate for environmental costs.

The wood product sector is more likely to be negatively affected by stringent environmental regulations because environmental costs could severely impact the competitiveness of low value‐added products.
Somatic mutation in the two HLA‐B genes of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Balas Antonio , Planelles Dolores , Goterris Rosa , Rodríguez‐Cebriá Manuel , Vicario José L.
Published: July 2019

In this report, we describe a case of somatic mutations in the two HLA‐B genes in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. The HLA‐B*15:01 allele showed an insertion of two nucleotides within exon 2 leading to a premature stop codon. HLA‐B*40:01 showed one nucleotide substitution within exon 3, identical to that described for B*15:258N. The restriction of these mutations in leukemic cells was confirmed in patient's samples from buccal epithelial cells and hematopoietic cells obtained when the patient was in remission.

The clinical significance of somatic HLA mutations in cancer seems to be associated with escape from immune surveillance and clonal evolution. The analysis of possible mutations in HLA genes of tumor cells would be valuable information for the outcome of the disease and stem cell donor selection.
Exploring statistical inference for population means through rubber chickens
Authors: Heyman Megan
Published: July 2019

Obtaining relevant data and conveying limitations of the results are two integral components to a successful statistical analysis. It is difficult for students to internalize a deep understanding of these components using only curated, textbook‐style examples. Through hands‐on data collection, this activity provides a channel for students to experience all steps, from start to finish, of a data analysis for means with paired data. Students are able to experience the challenges associated with good data collection practices and relate these practices to the underlying methodological assumptions.
A risk‐based decision‐making framework for blood safety: what's the case for Zika?
Authors: Bloch Evan M.
Published: July 2019

Risk‐based decision‐making (RBDM) is a systematic approach to decision‐making that strives to minimize risk, optimize outcomes and prioritize resources for maximum good. Such is achieved by weighing all the factors that influence policy for a given threat, drawing on the best available scientific data, engaging key stakeholders, while still considering the complex interplay of ethics, social values, politics, economics, culture and historical precedent that argue for or against intervention. In the context of blood transfusion safety, attention to RBDM stems from a growing awareness that the current paradigm of ‘safety at any cost’ is unsustainable and unbalanced. By contrast, RBDM emphasizes proportionality and encourages review of decisions as new data emerge. Zika virus (ZIKV), a formerly obscure mosquito‐borne flavivirus, emerged rapidly in 2015, spurring an international public health emergency. The mandatory adoption of laboratory‐based blood donor screening for ZIKV in the United States (US) in 2016 remains contentious. Clinical cases of transfusion‐transmitted ZIKV infection have never been reported, and four years after the emergence of ZIKV in the Americas, the pandemic has waned, suggesting that the donor screening for ZIKV is high cost yet of questionable benefit. The US response to ZIKV offers an illustrative case study of the challenges surrounding intervention to protect the blood supply from emerging pathogens, and how an RBDM framework might help to guide policy. However, careful assessment (i.e. RBDM) alone does not guarantee a desirable outcome. Rather, risk‐tolerance in a given setting should not be understated.
Multivariate relationships between epidemiologic risk factors and zoonotic infections among military personnel in the country of Georgia: A non‐linear canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Akhvlediani Tamar , Chitadze Nazibrola , Chlikadze Rusudan , Rostiashvili Nino , Betashvili Medea , Imnadze Paata , Rivard Robert G. , Nikolich Mikeljon P. , Washington Michael A. , Bautista Christian T.
Published: July 2019

Zoonotic diseases are endemic in the country of Georgia. Using the non‐linear canonical correlation (NCC) method, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between thirteen epidemiological risk factors and seropositivity to five zoonotic infections (anthrax, Q fever, tularemia, leptospirosis, and Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF]) among Georgian military recruits during 2014–2016. According to this multivariate statistical technique, which is suitable for the analysis of two or more sets of qualitative variables simultaneously, two canonical variables were identified. These variables accounted for 68% of the variation between the two sets of categorical variables (“risk factors” and “zoonotic infections”). For the first canonical variable, there was a relationship among CCHF (canonical loading, which is interpreted in the same way as the Pearson's correlation coefficient, [cl] = 0.715), tick bites (cl = 0.418) and slaughter of animals (cl = 0.351). As for the second canonical variable, Q fever (cl = −0.604) and leptospirosis (cl = −0.486) were related to rodents inside and outside home (cl = −0.346) and sweeping in or around home (cl = −0.317). The NCC method allows researchers to obtain additional insights into the complex relationship between epidemiological risk factors and multiple zoonotic infections.
Exploring the Effects of Additive Manufacturing Education on Students' Engineering Design Process and its Outcomes
Authors: Prabhu Rohan , Miller Scarlett R. , Simpson Timothy W. , Meisel Nicholas A.
Published: July 2019

Research in additive manufacturing (AM) has increased the use of AM in many industries, resulting in a commensurate need for a workforce skilled in AM. In order to meet this need, educational institutions have undertaken different initiatives to integrate design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) into the engineering curriculum. However, limited research has explored the impact of these educational interventions in bringing about changes in the technical goodness of students' design outcomes, particularly through the integration of DfAM concepts in an engineering classroom environment. This study explores this gap using an experimental study with 193 participants recruited from a junior-level course on mechanical engineering design. The participants were split into three educational intervention groups: (1) no DfAM, (2) restrictive DfAM, and (3) restrictive and opportunistic (dual) DfAM. The effects of the educational intervention on the participants' use of DfAM were measured through changes in (1) participants' DfAM self-efficacy, (2) technical goodness of their AM design outcomes, and (3) participants' use of DfAM-related concepts when describing and evaluating their AM designs. The results showed that while all three educational interventions result in similar changes in the participants' opportunistic DfAM self-efficacy, participants who receive only restrictive DfAM inputs show the greatest increase in their restrictive DfAM self-efficacy. Further, we see that despite these differences, all three groups show a similar decrease in the technical goodness of their AM designs, after attending the lectures. A content analysis of the participants' design descriptions and evaluations revealed a simplification of their design geometries, which provides a possible explanation for the decrease in their technical goodness, despite the encouragement to utilize the design freedom of AM to improve functionality or optimize the weight of the structure. These results emphasize the need for more in-depth DfAM education to encourage the use of both opportunistic and restrictive DfAM during student design challenges. The results also highlight the possible influence of how the design problem is stated on the use of DfAM in solving it.
Antiresonance Assignment in Point and Cross Receptances for Undamped Vibrating Systems
Authors: Belotti Roberto , Richiedei Dario , Tamellin Iacopo
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes an inverse structural modification method for the assignment of antiresonances in undamped vibrating systems by modifying the inertial and elastic properties of the existing degrees of freedom of the original system. Hence, no additional degrees of freedom are added to the system. The problem is formulated as an eigenstructure assignment approach since such a novel formulation is suitable for complex systems, such as those modeled through finite elements. Indeed, these systems are difficult to handle with the methods already proposed in the literature. Additionally, the proposed approach is suitable for both point and cross receptances. Assignment is cast as a constrained non-convex non-linear minimization problem and the proposed solving strategy is based on the homotopy optimization approach. The method effectiveness is shown through three meaningful test cases.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of 10
Aeromonas
Strains from Clinical and Environmental Sources
Authors: Gray Katie , Green Luke R. , Chaudhuri Roy R. , Shaw Jonathan G.
Published: July 2019

Aeromonas
bacteria are able to cause disease in a wide range of animals from humans to fish. In this article, we report the draft whole-genome sequences of 10
Aeromonas
strains from clinical and environmental sources. These genome sequences will provide a repository of information for further investigations into the pathogenicity of this enigmatic pathogen.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Kosakonia
sp. Strain CCTCC M2018092, a Fucose-Rich Exopolysaccharide Producer
Authors: Niu Songfeng , Ma Wei , Jin Mingyi , Chen Jie , Li Shanshan , Zou Xiang
Published: July 2019

Kosakonia
sp. strain CCTCC M2018092 is a fucose-rich exopolysaccharide producer that was isolated from spring water in Chongqing, Southwest China. In this study, the whole-genome sequence and genetic characteristics of this strain were elucidated. This genome contained 4,789,478 bp, with a G+C content of 56.08% (excluding the plasmid). The genome information in this study will facilitate understanding of the mechanism of high yield of fucose-rich exopolysaccharide produced by
Kosakonia
sp.
Assembly of Complete Genome Sequences of Negative-Control and Experimental Strain Variants of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-39 Selected under the Effect of the Drug FS-1, Which Induces Antibiotic Resistance Reversion
Authors: Joubert Monique , Reva Oleg N. , Korotetskiy Ilya S. , Shvidko Sergey V. , Shilov Sergey V. , Jumagaziyeva Ardak B. , Kenesheva Sabina T. , Suldina Natalya A. , Ilin Aleksandr I.
Published: July 2019

Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC BAA-39 is the reference organism for a multidrug-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) strain that was used to study drug-induced resistance reversion by an iodine-containing nanomolecular complex, FS-1. PacBio sequencing was performed on both the experimental and control strains, followed by genome assembly, variant calling, and DNA modification profiling.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Marinobacter
sp. Strain JH2, Isolated from Seawater of the Kiel Fjord
Authors: Hollensteiner Jacqueline , Poehlein Anja , Daniel Rolf
Published: July 2019

Here, we present the genome sequence of the Gram-negative and rod-shaped
Marinobacter
sp. strain JH2, which was isolated from seawater of the Kiel Fjord in Germany. The draft genome consists of two replicons, including one chromosome (3.6 Mb) and a circular plasmid (36.7 kb). The genome harbors 3,347 protein-coding genes.
Complete Genome Sequences of Mycobacteriophages Candle, Schatzie, Sumter, and Waleliano
Authors: Fast Kayla M. , Forrest Brianna E. , Granec Garren R. , Larrimore John D. , Morse Anna E. , Ryan Emma D. , Schellhammer P. Kiersten , Keener Tracy W. , Sandel Michael W.
Published: July 2019

Mycobacteriophages Candle, Schatzie, Sumter, and Waleliano were isolated from soil using the host bacterium
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155. Candle, Schatzie, and Sumter were discovered in Alabama and Waleliano in Maryland. The bacteriophages have been assigned clusters based on nucleotide similarity, as follows: Candle, R; Schatzie, J; Sumter, A1; and Waleliano, B4.
Pitfalls in diagnosing geriatric general pain: coexistence of polymyalgia rheumatism and fibromyalgia
Authors: Yokota Yu , Namiki Hirofumi
Published: July 2019

Polymyalgia rheumatism and fibromyalgia are clinically similar. As there are no specific diagnostic markers, they are difficult to distinguish. A 92-year-old woman with a 3-month history of general pain, including left hip pain, was referred to our hospital. Her medical history included polymyalgia rheumatism that had been treated with prednisolone for 18 years. We found 14 of 18 symmetrical tender points. We diagnosed fibromyalgia based on two physical examinations and her personal history of general pain. Pregabalin was prescribed, and her pain gradually disappeared. About a month later, she complained of returned buttock pain and fever. She was diagnosed with exacerbation of polymyalgia rheumatism by various examinations and was treated with prednisolone. We found 3 of 18 asymmetrical tender points. No symptoms had recurred at the 1-month follow-up visit. Her case provides an opportunity to highlight the possible pitfalls when diagnosing geriatric general pain.
Workforce crisis in primary healthcare worldwide: Hungarian example in a longitudinal follow-up study
Authors: Papp Magor , Kőrösi László , Sándor János , Nagy Csilla , Juhász Attila , Ádány Róza
Published: July 2019

Objective

The study was designed to explore the development of the general practitioner (GP) shortage in primary care and its characteristics in Hungary.

Design

Longitudinal follow-up study over the decade 2007–2016.

Methods

Analyses were performed on changes in number, age and sex of GPs by practice type (adult, paediatric and mixed), as well as on their geographical distribution and migration between areas characterised by deprivation index (DI) at municipality level. The association between deprivation and vacancy for GPs was studied by risk analysis. The number of population underserved was defined by DI quintile.

Setting and subjects

The study involved all general practices and GPs in the period examined.

Main outcome measure

It is showed that the number of general practices with unfilled GP posts was increasing exponentially, mainly in the most deprived areas of the country.

Results

A decrease in the number of GPs in all types of practices, especially in mixed (by 7.7%; p<0.001) and paediatric (by 6.5%; p<0.001) ones, was shown; the number of adult practices with unfilled GP posts doubled, while the number of paediatric practices with a vacancy for a paediatrician more than tripled. The average age of GPs was increased by 3.7 years (p<0.001) in adult, by 5.4 years (p<0.001) in paediatric and by 4.2 years (p<0.001) in mixed practices. In 2007, 52.27% (95% CI 51.03 to 53.5) of the GPs were women, and this rate increased to 56.19% (95% CI 54.93 to 57.44) by the end of the decade. An exponential association between relative vacancy rate and deprivation was confirmed. As a result of the migration of GPs, in the most deprived areas, the number of GPs decreased by 8.43% (95% CI 5.86 to 10.99).

Conclusions

The workforce crisis in Hungarian primary care is progressively deepening and resulting in more severe inequity in access to healthcare.
Persistence with dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: a population-based cohort study in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Ribera Aida , Ferreira-Gonzalez Ignacio , Marsal Josep Ramon , Oristrell Gerard , Faixedas Maria Teresa , Rosas Alba , Tizón-Marcos Helena , Rojas Sergio , Labata Carlos , Cardenas Merida , Homs Silvia , Tomas-Querol Carlos , Garcia-Picart Joan , Gomez-Hospital Joan A , Pijoan Jose Ignacio , Masotti Monica , Mauri Josepa , Garcia Dorado David
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Guidelines recommending 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (STEACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were published in year 2012. We aimed to describe the influence of guideline implementation on the trend in 12-month persistence with DAPT between 2010 and 2015 and to evaluate its relationship with DAPT duration regimens recommended at discharge from PCI hospitals.

Design

Observational study based on region-wide registry data linked to pharmacy billing data for DAPT follow-up.

Setting

All PCI hospitals (10) belonging to the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) code network in Catalonia (Spain).

Participants

10 711 STEACS patients undergoing PCI between 2010 and 2015 were followed up.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary outcome was 12-month persistence with DAPT. Calendar year quarter, publication of guidelines, DAPT duration regimen recommended in the hospital discharge report, baseline patient characteristics and significant interactions were included in mixed-effects logistic regression based interrupted time-series models.

Results

The proportion of patients on-DAPT at 12 months increased from 58% (56–60) in 2010 to 73% (71–75) in 2015. The rate of 12-month persistence with DAPT significantly increased after the publication of clinical guidelines with a time lag of 1 year (OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.30). A higher risk profile, more extensive and complex coronary disease, use of drug-eluting stents (OR=1.90; 95% CI 1.50 to 2.40) and a 12-month DAPT regimen recommendation at discharge from the PCI hospital (OR=5.76; 95% CI 3.26 to 10.2) were associated with 12-month persistence.

Conclusion

Persistence with 12-month DAPT has increased since publication of clinical guidelines. Even though most patients were discharged on DAPT, only 73% with potential indication were on-DAPT 12 months after PCI. A guideline-based recommendation at PCI hospital discharge was highly associated with full persistence with DAPT. Establishing evidence-based, common prescribing criteria across hospitals in the AMI-network would favour adherence and reduce variability.
Multicentre cross-sectional observational registry to monitor the safety of early discharge after rule-out of acute myocardial infarction by copeptin and troponin: the Pro-Core registry
Authors: Giannitsis Evangelos , Clifford Piers , Slagman Anna , Ruedelstein Ralph , Liebetrau Christoph , Hamm Christian , Honnart Didier , Huber Kurt , Vollert Jörn Ole , Simonelli Carlo , Schröder Malte , Wiemer Jan C , Mueller-Hennessen Matthias , Schroer Hinrich , Kastner Kim , Möckel Martin
Published: July 2019

Objectives

There is sparse information on the safety of early primary discharge from the emergency department (ED) after rule-out of myocardial infarction in suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This prospective registry aimed to confirm randomised study results in patients at low-to-intermediate risk, with a broader spectrum of symptoms, across different institutional standards and with a range of local troponin assays including high-sensitivity cTn (hs-cTn), cardiac troponin (cTn) and point-of-care troponin (POC Tn).

Design

Prospective, multicentre European registry.

Setting

18 emergency departments in nine European countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Spain, UK, Turkey, Lithuania and Hungary)

Participants

The final study cohort consisted of 2294 patients (57.2% males, median age 57 years) with suspected ACS.

Interventions

Using the new dual markers strategy, 1477 patients were eligible for direct discharge, which was realised in 974 (42.5%) of patients.

Main outcome measures

The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 30 days.

Results

Compared with conventional workup after dual marker measurement, the median length of ED stay was 60 min shorter (228 min, 95% CI: 219 to 239 min vs 288 min, 95% CI: 279 to 300 min) in the primary dual marker strategy (DMS) discharge group. All-cause mortality was 0.1% (95% CI: 0% to 0.6%) in the primary DMS discharge group versus 1.1% (95% CI: 0.6% to 1.8%) in the conventional workup group after dual marker measurement. Conventional workup instead of discharge despite negative DMS biomarkers was observed in 503 patients (21.9%) and associated with higher prevalence of ACS (17.1% vs 0.9%, p<0.001), cardiac diagnoses (55.2% vs 23.5%, p<0.001) and risk factors (p<0.01), but with a similar all-cause mortality of 0.2% (95% CI: 0% to 1.1%) versus primary DMS discharge (p=0.64).

Conclusions

Copeptin on top of cardiac troponin supports safe discharge in patients with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of ACS under routine conditions with the use of a broad spectrum of local standard POC, conventional and high-sensitivity troponin assays.

Trial registration number

NCT02490969.
Palivizumab and prevention of childhood respiratory syncytial viral infection: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of breakthrough infections
Authors: Jun Shelly , Sebastianski Meghan , Featherstone Robin , Robinson Joan
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Childhood respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a global phenomenon that can lead to fatal respiratory illness. Palivizumab is a drug that is routinely used in affluent countries as a prophylaxis against RSV infection; nevertheless, breakthrough infections are often reported. In light of new findings on potential RSV resistance to palivizumab, an up-to-date synthesis of evidence on effectiveness is needed. Furthering existing reviews, a broadened scope to better reflect effectiveness in a ‘real world’ clinical context is also important. This systematic review and meta-analysis will enhance our understanding of the effectiveness of palivizumab in varying populations of children. Findings from this review will inform recommendations for best practices regarding palivizumab use for childhood RSV infection as well as research priorities in RSV vaccine development.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a systematic review of primary population-based studies that examine the incidence of palivizumab breakthrough infections in children, published between 1997 to present. In collaboration with a research librarian, four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) and additional sources will be searched. Study screening and quality assessment will be performed in duplicate. Data will be extracted by one reviewer, with partial and random verification by a second reviewer. The primary outcomes to assess breakthrough RSV infection will be hospitalisation, length of stay and the need for intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation in children receiving palivizumab. The secondary outcome will be RSV-associated mortality. We will conduct a meta-analysis using pooled effectiveness data, and include subgroup analyses by patient comorbidities and drug compliance. Sensitivity analyses for risk of bias and study design will also be performed.

Ethics and dissemination

This systematic review will only include data from previously published literature and is therefore exempt from ethics approval. Final results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presented at academic conferences and scientific meetings engaging paediatric researchers and healthcare providers. Should findings from this review necessitate updates to current clinical practice guidelines, we intend to establish a working group to engage relevant health administrators and decision makers.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019122120.
Mental health facility codesign: A new research method for integrating the service user voice in design processes using virtual reality
Authors: Liddicoat Stephanie
Published: July 2019

Background

Within healthcare environments, the emerging field of evidence-based design (EBD) explores the links between wellbeing and good design practice of the built environment.

Aim

By optimising both design processes and design outcomes, knowledge produced within this field seeks to improve staff performance, augment patient healing and enhance service outcomes and experiences.

Methods

In a prior study by the author, a mental health service building design was developed which integrated feedback from mental health service users relative to what aspects of the built environments of their care would enhance their service outcomes and experiences, encourage them to avail themselves of services and/or engage in therapy, and those that would reduce their willingness to avail themselves of services.

Results

The research project protocol detailed here is the final testing stage of this body of work, where service users are invited to evaluate the final building design, experienced through virtual reality. This study addresses a gap in the literature, and aims to advance the field of EBD, and codesign with mental health service users, using virtual reality.

Conclusions

This research method details the aims, study design, methods and limitations of the study, with recommendations for future researchers.
Haemodynamic responses to simulated long working hours in different age groups
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Ikeda Hiroki , Oyama Fuyuki , Takahashi Masaya
Published: July 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to clarify haemodynamic responses of different age groups to simulated long working hours.

Methods

Men of three age groups participated in this study (16 in their 30s (mean 33.9±2.7 years old), 15 in their 40s (45.5±2.9) and 16 in their 50s (54.1±2.7)). All participants conducted 12 45-min personal computer-based tasks from 09:00 to 22:00. Nine 10-min to 15-min breaks between task periods, a 1-hour break at noon, and a 50-min break in the evening were provided. Haemodynamic responses were measured during task periods. All participants had normal resting systolic blood pressure (SBP <140 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP<90 mm Hg), which were measured before tasks started in the morning. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variances and multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) were conducted.

Results

No haemodynamic indices were significantly different among groups at baseline. Compared with baseline, SBP was almost unchanged for the 30s group but increased for the 40s and 50s groups during task periods. The 50s group showed higher SBP compared with the 30s group especially in the latter half of the working hours (p<0.05). In addition, the 50s group also showed higher total peripheral resistance (TPR) than the 30s group (p<0.1).

Conclusion

The 50s group showed higher SBP and TPR responses than the 30s group, especially in the latter half of working hours. These results suggest that older workers might suffer more cardiovascular damage related to long working hours.
Evaluating the recruitment process into UK anaesthesia core training: a national data linkage study of doctors’ performance at selection and subsequent postgraduate training
Authors: Aslet Margaret , Paton Lewis W , Gale Thomas , Tiffin Paul A
Published: July 2019

Purpose of the study

To explore which factors increase the likelihood of being deemed appointable to core anaesthesia training in the UK and whether those factors subsequently predict performance in postgraduate training.

Study design

Observational study linking UK medical specialty recruitment data with postgraduate educational performance, as measured by Annual Review of Competence Progression (ARCP) outcomes. Data were available for 2782 trainee doctors recruited to anaesthesia core training from 2012 to 2016 with at least one subsequent ARCP outcome.

Results

Both higher interview and shortlisting scores were independent and statistically significant (p≤0.001) predictors of more satisfactory ARCP outcomes, even after controlling for the influence of postgraduate exam failure. It was noted that a number of background variables (eg, age at application) were independently associated with the odds of being deemed appointable at recruitment. Of these, increasing age and experience were also negative predictors of subsequent ARCP rating. These influences became statistically non-significant once ARCP outcomes associated with exam failure were excluded.

Conclusions

The predictors of ‘appointability’ largely also predict subsequent performance in postgraduate training, as indicated by ARCP ratings. This provides evidence for the validity of the selection process. Our results also suggest that greater weight could be applied to shortlisting scores within the overall process of ranking applicants for posts.
U–Pb dating of detrital zircons in the eastern Guangdong Basin, South China, and constraints on the tectonic transformation from the Early to Middle Jurassic
Authors: Xu Zhongjie , Kong Jintao , Cheng Rihui , Wang Liaoliang
Published: July 2019

Controversies exist regarding the mechanism of formation of basins located on the continental margin of South China as well as when they formed. It was ascertained based on clastic petrology, geochemical analysis, and zircon U–Pb dating that the sedimentary provenances in the eastern Guangdong Basin are mainly felsic igneous rocks from the late Early Jurassic to the Middle Jurassic. The late Early Jurassic Qiaoyuan Formation mainly shows major age peaks at approximately 238 Ma, 259 Ma, and 1858 Ma, and the Middle Jurassic Tangxia Formation shows major age peaks at approximately 169 Ma and 172 Ma. From the late Early Jurassic to the Middle Jurassic in the eastern Guangdong Basin, the source region changes from southwestern South China and southern South China to the eastern Nanling Range. It was determined by comparing the detrital zircon ages of the Qiaoyuan Formation and the Tangxia Formation with those of the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic basins, and analyzing both the geochemical data and sedimentation, that the eastern Guangdong Basin changed from the basin-arc foreland basin of the late Early Jurassic to the back-arc extension basin of the Middle Jurassic. The changes in early Mesozoic detrital zircon age peaks indicate that the tectonic regime of the eastern Guangdong Basin ended the transformation from the Tethyan tectonic domain to the paleo-Pacific tectonic domain in the early Middle Jurassic (approximately 172 Ma).
Behavioural adjustment of fish to temporal variation in fishing pressure affects catchability: an experiment with angled trout
Authors: Koeck Barbara , Lovén Wallerius Magnus , Arlinghaus Robert , Johnsson Jörgen I.
Published: July 2019

In passive fisheries, such as angling, the fishing success depends on the ultimate decision of a fish to ingest the bait, based on an individual’s internal state, previous experience, and threat perception. Fish surviving capture by anglers are known to be less vulnerable, and catch rates usually quickly decline with increasing fishing effort. Previous theoretical models have thus suggested fishing closures as a means to recover responsiveness of fish to angling gear and maintain catch rates, yet empirical support remains limited. In a controlled replicated pond experiment, we evaluated the effects of temporal variation in fishing pressure on catch rates of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by simulating short-term fishing closures. Fishing closures increased catch rates and population-level catchability by reducing threat perception at the population level and allowing released individuals to return to a vulnerable state. Our experimental results show that periodic fishing closures benefit catch rates but at the risk of aggravating the likelihood of overharvesting.
Noncommutative space effects on the Landau system for a neutral particle with induced electric dipole moment under a linear confining potential
Authors: Saidi Abdelali , Sedra Moulay Brahim
Published: July 2019

In this contribution, we study the effects of space noncommutativity on the Landau system for a neutral particle with induced electric dipole moment subject to a linear confining potential. We analytically solve the Schrödinger equation and obtain the complete set of energy levels and the corresponding radial wave functions for the system in terms of the noncommutativity parameter [Formula: see text].
A new metric to quantify influence of nodes in social networks
Authors: Li Xuequn , Zhou Shuming , Liu Jiafei , Chen Gaolin , Gu Zhendong , Wang Yihong
Published: July 2019

Reasonably ranking the influence of nodes in social networks is increasingly important not only for theoretical research but also for real applications. A great number of strategies to identify the influence of nodes have been proposed so far, such as semi-local centrality (SL), betweenness centrality and coreness centrality, etc. For the sake of ranking more effectively, a new method of identifying influential nodes is proposed in this paper, which takes into account a node’s influence on its neighbors and the node’s position in the network. The influence on neighbors involves two aspects. One is the influence of the target node on its direct neighbors (h-index), the other is the influence on farther neighbors (semi-local centrality). The location of the node in the network is reflected by the improved k-core score, a modified version of k-core index to make it more applicable to practice. Combining both local and global information of node together makes the proposed method a reasonable and effective strategy to identify the influential nodes. The simulation results compared to other well-known methods on six real-world networks demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.
Modeling of electro-optic characteristics in vertically aligned deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystals
Authors: Kudreyko Aleksey A. , Migranov Nail G.
Published: July 2019

New areas of application in the realms of fast phase modulators are stimulating fundamental studies in ferroelectric liquid crystalline materials. Investigation of temperature effect on light transmittance in vertically aligned deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal cell is the focus of our study. A fairly linear Kerr constant temperature dependence for two ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures was analyzed by using linear regression analysis. The key result of this paper represents light transmittance dependencies as a function of squared electric field for a certain temperature range. We also report that strongly pronounced Kerr constant temperature dependence results in several temperatures with 2[Formula: see text] and higher phase modulation for the given electric field. The physics of change in light transmission plots has been analyzed.
Enhancing microperoxidase activity and selectivity: immobilization in metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Gkaniatsou Effrosyni , Serre Christian , Mahy Jean-Pierre , Steunou Nathalie , Ricoux Rémy , Sicard Clémence
Published: July 2019

Microperoxidases 8 (MP8) and 11 (MP11) are heme-containing peptides obtained by the proteolytic digestion of Cytochrome c. They act as mini-enzymes that combine both peroxidase-like and Cytochrome P450-like activities that may be useful in the synthesis of fine chemicals or in the degradation of environmental pollutants. However, their use is limited by their instability in solution due to (i) the bleaching of the heme in the presence of an excess of H2O2, (ii) the decoordination of the distal histidine ligand of the iron under acidic conditions and, (iii) their tendency to aggregate in aqueous alkaline solutions, even at low concentrations. Additionally, both MP8 and MP11 show relatively low selectivity, due to the lack of control of the substrates by a specific catalytic pocket on the distal face of the heme. Both stability and selectivity issues can be effectively addressed by immobilization of microperoxidases in solid matrices, which can also lead to their possible recycling from the reaction medium. Considering their relatively small size, the pore inclusion of MPs into Metal-Organic Frameworks appeared to be more adequate compared to other immobilization methods that have been widely investigated for decades. The present minireview describes the catalytic activities of MP8 and MP11, their limitations, and various results describing their immobilization into MOFs which led to MP11- or MP8@MOF hybrid materials that display good activity in the oxidation of dyes and phenol derivatives, with remarkable recyclability due to the stabilization of the MPs inside the MOF cavities. An example of selective oxidation of dyes according to their charge by MP8@MOF hybrid materials is also highlighted.
Dynamical analysis of tumor-immune-help T cells system
Authors: Li Huixia , Wang Shaoli , Xu Fei
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we construct a mathematical model to investigate the interaction between the tumor cells, the immune cells and the helper T cells (HTCs). We perform mathematical analysis to reveal the stability of the equilibria of the model. In our model, the HTCs are stimulated by the identification of the presence of tumor antigens. Our investigation implies that the presence of tumor antigens may inhibit the existence of high steady state of tumor cells, which leads to the elimination of the bistable behavior of the tumor-immune system, i.e. the equilibrium corresponding to the high steady state of tumor cells is destabilized. Choosing immune intensity [Formula: see text] as bifurcation parameter, there exists saddle-node bifurcation. Besides, there exists a critical value [Formula: see text], at which a Hopf bifurcation occurs. The stability and direction of Hopf bifurcation are discussed.
A class of sub-almost distributive lattices in an associate almost distributive lattice through a filter
Authors: Ramesh S. , Gunda Jogarao
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we introduce a class of sub-almost distributive lattices in an associate almost distributive lattice through a filter. We obtain several algebraic properties on the class of sub-almost distributive lattices and prove that the above class forms a distributive lattice. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition that the class to become a Boolean algebra.
A Measure of Added Value in Groups
Authors: Alshebli Bedoor K. , Michalak Tomasz P. , Skibski Oskar , Wooldridge Michael , Rahwan Talal
Published: July 2019

The intuitive notion of
added value
in groups represents a fundamental property of biological, physical, and economic systems: how the interaction or cooperation of multiple entities, substances, or other agents can produce synergistic effects. However, despite the ubiquity of group formation, a well-founded measure of added value has remained elusive. Here, we propose such a measure inspired by the
Shapley value
—a fundamental solution concept from Cooperative Game Theory. To this end, we start by developing a solution concept that measures the
average impact
of each player in a coalitional game and show how this measure uniquely satisfies a set of intuitive properties. Then, building upon our solution concept, we propose a measure of added value that not only analyzes the interactions of players
inside
their group, but also
outside
it, thereby reflecting otherwise-hidden information about how these individuals typically perform in various groups of the population.
The Anthropology of Art, After the End of Art: Contesting the Art-Culture System
Authors: Kisin Eugenia , Myers Fred R.
Published: July 2019

We focus on the anthropology of art from the mid-1980s to the present, a period of disturbance and significant transformation in the field of anthropology. The field can be understood to be responding to the destabilization of the category of “art” itself. Inaugural moments lie in the reaction to the Museum of Modern Art's 1984 exhibition “Primitivism” in 20th Century Art, the increasing crisis of representation, the influence of “postmodernism,” and the rising tide of decolonization and globalization, marked by the 1984 Te Maori exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum in New York. Changes involve boundaries being negotiated, violated, and refigured, and not simply the boundaries between the so-called “West” and “the rest” but also those of “high” and “low,” leading to a re-evaluation of public culture. In this review, we pursue the influence of changing theories of art and engagements with what had been noncanonical art in the mainstream art world, tracing multiple intersections between art and anthropology in the contemporary moment.
Legal and Political Responses to Campus Sexual Assault
Authors: Dauber Michele Landis , Warner Meghan O.
Published: July 2019

Despite a long history of reform efforts, college students remain vulnerable to sexual harassment and assault on campus. This article surveys that history from the 1970s to the present, including a flurry of enforcement activity under President Obama and a backlash and reversed course under Trump. Many of the systems—for example law, education, and public health—designed to ameliorate the epidemic of campus sexual assault have failed to do so. These failures have been particularly pronounced for victims who experience multiple intersecting inequalities. The resulting frustration with legal remedies through campus Title IX processes and the criminal and civil justice system has spurred a new interest in strategies to prevent sexual assault in the first place. Recent political developments, including the #MeToo movement, suggest a potential for democratic political accountability to make progress where legal reform efforts and campus prevention programming have thus far been unsuccessful.
The Neurocognition of Developmental Disorders of Language
Authors: Ullman Michael T. , Earle F. Sayako , Walenski Matthew , Janacsek Karolina
Published: July 2019

Developmental disorders of language include developmental language disorder, dyslexia, and motor-speech disorders such as articulation disorder and stuttering. These disorders have generally been explained by accounts that focus on their behavioral rather than neural characteristics; their processing rather than learning impairments; and each disorder separately rather than together, despite their commonalities and comorbidities. Here we update and review a unifying neurocognitive account—the Procedural circuit Deficit Hypothesis (PDH). The PDH posits that abnormalities of brain structures underlying procedural memory (learning and memory that rely on the basal ganglia and associated circuitry) can explain numerous brain and behavioral characteristics across learning and processing, in multiple disorders, including both commonalities and differences. We describe procedural memory, examine its role in various aspects of language, and then present the PDH and relevant evidence across language-related disorders. The PDH has substantial explanatory power, and both basic research and translational implications.
Portal Protein: The Orchestrator of Capsid Assembly for the dsDNA Tailed Bacteriophages and Herpesviruses
Authors: Dedeo Corynne L. , Cingolani Gino , Teschke Carolyn M.
Published: July 2019

Tailed, double-stranded DNA bacteriophages provide a well-characterized model system for the study of viral assembly, especially for herpesviruses and adenoviruses. A wealth of genetic, structural, and biochemical work has allowed for the development of assembly models and an understanding of the DNA packaging process. The portal complex is an essential player in all aspects of bacteriophage and herpesvirus assembly. Despite having low sequence similarity, portal structures across bacteriophages share the portal fold and maintain a conserved function. Due to their dynamic role, portal proteins are surprisingly plastic, and their conformations change for each stage of assembly. Because the maturation process is dependent on the portal protein, researchers have been working to validate this protein as a potential antiviral drug target. Here we review recent work on the role of portal complexes in capsid assembly, including DNA packaging, as well as portal ring assembly and incorporation and analysis of portal structures.