bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pidgin and Creole in Advertising and Marketing
Authors: L.R. ThankGod , E.N. Isaac
Published: January 2022

The title of this paper is ‘Pidgin and Creole in advertising and marketing’ in Nigeria. The data for analyses was elicited through recording, transcribing, and translating. The focus of this study is the inconsistencies in spellings and choice of words, which leads to frustration and ambiguities as observed by the target audience in the adverts. Considering the serious nature of the messages they intend to pass across and the cost incurred in designing and airing the adverts, one is worried why a little bit of imagination, creativity and seriousness is not applied in the crafting of the advertisements. We are aware that standard pidgin orthography exists which conforms to the principle of good orthography; organizations and individuals seeking to develop adverts or broadcast in pidgin should consult this document for consistency. Nigerian Pidgin English is already an unauthorized lingua franca; therefore, all efforts should be on the deck to standardize it. We have presented some adverts done in pidgin, analysed them to evince their inadequacies, ambiguities, conflicting messages, poor effects, and argue that although many people are often easily carried along with adverts in pidgin, the message is essentially lost ab initio. Pidgin and creole can only be used nationally, meaning they cannot communicate internationally, or even with neighbouring countries. For this reason, adverts cannot be done in pidgin and creole with the intention of getting international patronage. They are often viewed as low class, grammatically incorrect, and with no well-structured syntax or phonology, so adverts done in pidgin and creole are often selective. Hence, if the customers are those from the upper class, an advert in pidgin or creole is a wrong move.
Testing the Replacement of Total and Mobil Plastic Lubricants with MAPU-1 and MAKN-2 Lubricants
Authors:   Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefánik, Marko Miroslav , Kadlub Vladimír ,   Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefánik
Published: January 2022

Solution of the replacement of plastic lubricants of the Mobil-NLGI 00 type (to the PSU-planetary directional device) and Total-NLGI 0 (to the KP-final gear) for the MAPU-1 (in PSU) and MAKN-2 (in KP) lubricants. The design of plastic lubricants was performed in cooperation with Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik represented by Ing. Miroslav Marko, PhD. and CMaS ZZ II Žilina, represented by Ing. Stanislav Kolomazník within the Project VV-1/2018 to 2020. Testing of PM (plastic lubricants) was performed on a special vehicle type GM 578. After changing MAPU-1 and MAKN-2 lubricants for PM (NLGI 00 and 0) and running 197 km was carried out “1. Check collection”. Further inspections will follow in the next period. On behalf of Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Major was also actively involved in tribodiagnostics Ing. Vladimír Kadlub and Capt. Ing. Pavol Lukášik.
Assessing the forecasting model ability in measuring the prevention transmission of COVID-19 pandemic: An application of visibility analysis using Inductive logic
Authors: Hidayat Yuyun , Sukono Titi Purwandari , Saputra Jumadil
Published: January 2022

Forecasting is an integral approach due to its ability to make informed act decisions and develop data-driven strategies. It's also used to make decisions related to current circumstances and predictions on future conditions. An integral part has been developed using visibility analysis for COVID-19 Outbreak, a lesson from Indonesia. The author identified that its topic has limited attention, especially in assessing the forecasting models. The issue comes from predicted results that are questionable or cannot be trusted without applying the visibility analysis in the forecasting model. The visibility analysis is required to assess the model's ability to forecast future events. In conjunction with the issue, this paper introduces the analysis of visibility error with the different concepts during model development for the transmission prevention measures in making the decision. This study applied a statistical approach to assess the visibility error of forecasting performance in determining how long periods of forecasting and deciding for transmission prevention measures COVID-19 pandemics. Also, we developed the visibility error of time-variant using inductive logic. The result indicated that the number of data required to perform forecasting work on the basis of forecasting model specifications. In conclusion, this study has been completed to develop the statistical formula for identifying the largest time horizon in forecasting model N = V + 2. Also, this developed model can assist the stakeholder in forecasting the number of transmission prevention and making the decision in case of COVID-19 pandemic.
A machine learning approach to find the determinants of Peruvian coca illegal crops
Authors: Romero Débora Belén Cipriano , Estrella Yadira Gina Melo , Laureano María Isabel Zambrano , Parejas Rubén Ángel Ruiz , Quispe Jimmy Alberth Deza
Published: January 2022

The current study analyzed the determinants of the Peruvian coca illegal plantations in the period 2003-2019. Hence, the DEVIDA database variables were gathered at first. Then, a machine learning-based technique is employed to select the most relevant variables for the study. That technique, Lasso, selected as accurate variables eradication of coca plantations and pasta base. Both OLS and VAR are employed to analyze the relevance of the selected variables. OLS finds that eradication was negatively related to the dependent variable. Nonetheless, pb confiscation had a positive relationship with illegal coca crops. Furthermore, VAR encounters that only pb confiscation affected the dependent variable. Supplementary tests are carried to ensure the accuracy of the results. In consequence, it is concluded that eradication policies by themselves were not enough to discourage the coca plantations. Farmers should get instruction about alternative crops and financial help. Furthermore, it has been claimed that pb confiscation generates scarcity of the drug, which elevates its price. Thus, coca farmers are more motivated to plant coca because of the higher prices. Therefore, as long as the international demand, which is disposed to pay high prices, the coca illegal crops and its illicit products will exist.
Analysis of the efficiency of insurance companies in Indonesia
Authors: Abdin Zaenal , Prabantarikso R. Mahelan , Fahmy Edian , Farhan Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Financial system stability is not only supported by the banking sector, but also the role of insurance companies that operate efficiently. The study aims to analyze the efficiency performance of general insurance companies using two stages of data envelopment analysis during the 2017 – 2018 period. The first stage of efficiency measurement using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach shows the efficiency level of general insurance companies experiencing a positive trend. The performance of general insurance companies in 2018 was more efficient than in 2017 based on the value of technical efficiency (CRS) and the value of pure technical efficiency (VRS). This means that in general there has been an increase in the efficiency of general insurance companies in Indonesia from 2017 to 2018. Testing the efficiency determinants in the second stage using the Tobit regression model found that the cost ratio is the only factor that significantly influences the efficiency level of general insurance companies in Indonesia. Meanwhile, company ownership and investment adequacy ratio have no significant effect on the efficiency level of general insurance companies in Indonesia. The results of the study provide recommendations to the management of general insurance companies that efficiency performance has not reached the maximum, and to improve it, it is necessary to control costs without disturbing routine operations and development activities.
Solubility Studies and Validation of Lovastatin using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method
Authors: Nurhabibah Nurhabibah , Nugroho A.K. , Martien Ronny , Lukitaningsih Endang
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the solubility of lovastatin (LV) in different oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant using the high-performance liquid chromatography method. LV was solubility studies in different vehicle. The different vehicle used almond oil, sunflower oil, oleic acid, olive oil, soybean oil, and corn oil, isoprophyl myristate, myoglyol, tween 80, tween 20, and cremophor R.H. 40, propylene glycol, and PEG 400. Each of them was added lovastatin until saturated. The mixtures were mixing, sonicating, putting in the water bath and standing for 24 hours, then centrifugated. Each of the aliquot 2 µL diluted with acetonitrile and determination of concentration lovastatin using HPLC, with detector ultraviolet at 237 nm. Before determinate LV validated, and curve calibration at range 2-16 µg/mL was made. This study using the HPLC method with detector UV 237 nm, Agilent C 18 (4.6 x 150 mm 5 µ) column, and acetonitrile: water (70:30 v/v) as mobile phase. Calibration curve of lovastatin at the range 2-16 µg/mL with linear regression 0.999. Accuracy and precision showed that. Lovastatin has high soluble in oleic acid, tween 80, and PEG 400.
The analysis of barriers to entry into the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine
Authors: Shuvanova Elena , Rohulia Olha
Published: January 2022

The pharmaceutical market of Ukraine is characterized by a tendency to dominate imports over exports, which indicates its economic attractiveness for foreign companies that face various obstacles when entering the market. Entry barriers are understood as factors of an objective or subjective nature that prevent new firms from organizing profitable operations in the industry. The presence and impact of market barriers prove the need for their identification and comprehensive research. It has been established that when entering the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, there are restrictive barriers related to state policy (for example, licensing, registration of medicines, examination, certification, etc.), barriers due to competition, and barriers of a non-legal nature. The results of the analysis of the competitive situation as a possible barrier characterize the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine as a market of free competition, which contributes to the relatively free entry of foreign manufacturers. Market entry barriers are also caused by anti-competitive behavior such as mergers and acquisitions, unfair competition, informal agreements, and so on. The results of the research can be used in making decisions about entering new markets or market segments for pharmaceutical companies, in forming competitive advantages and business strategies in order to develop potential in the long term.
Ameliorative potential of Crinum asiaticum Linn leaf extracts on Elevated blood glucose in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Mishra Abhinav , Singh Vikram , Prasad Raj K , Ahmad Mohd Habeeb
Published: January 2022

In the present investigation the glucose lowering potential of the leaf extracts of Crinum asiaticum were prepared using cold maceration technique in solvents of varying polarity. The extracts exhibited the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics and tannins. The oral toxicity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts was determined and these two extracts were used of evaluating the antidiabetic activity. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed and diabetes was induced using alloxan (150 mg/kg) in rats. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts at two dose levels (200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg) were used for evaluating glucose lowering capability. Both the aqueous and the ethanolic extracts were found to significantly reduce glucose levels with the aqueous extract at dose level 200 mg/kg being the most effective (50% reduction) whereas the ethanolic extract was able to reduce the blood glucose by around 35% at the same dose level.
Effect of beetroot supplementation on 10 km time trial performance of distance runners
Authors: Tirkey Dileep , Kumar Anant Shabir , Venugopal Reeta
Published: January 2022

Objective: To find out the effect of 15 days of beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation on 10 km time trial performance in trained distance runners of University level.Methods: Thirty trained athletes,15 males age = 26.3 y ± 1.52, height 170.5 ± 0.2 cm, and 15 females, age = 25.2 y ± 1.30, height 157.8 ± 0.3 cm were selected for the present study. Two experimental and two control groups were made consisting of males and females separately. The first group of male and female (Experimental Group) consumed the BRJdaily 250 ml/dayand the second group (Control Group) did not consume beetroot juice. Both groups underwent a regular athletics training programme. All the subjects were tested on Ten Km Time Trial (TT)performance before supplementation of BRJ and after 15 days of supplementation of BRJ. Results: The significant effect of BRJ supplementationwas observed (p < 0.05) between pre and post measures of 10 km TT in experimental group. BRJ supplementation significantly improved performance in 10 km TT in both groups (respectively male; P< 0.006; F=11.09, ES = .480, female; P < 0.000, F=40.45, ES = .771.Conclusion: Consumption of BRJ250 ml/day in improved 10 km time trial performance in traineddistance runners.
TLC-contact bioautography and disc diffusion method for investigation of the antibacterial activity of Melastoma malabathricum L. leaves
Authors: Mayasari Dian , Murti Yosi B. , Pratiwi Sylvia U. T. , Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: January 2022

The emergence of multi-resistant strains of bacteria reinforces the need to discover new antibacterial agents that are able to combat resistant microorganisms. Medicinal plants are a valuable natural source of bioactive substances against various infectious diseases. Melastoma malabathricum L. is an important herb that is traditionally used to treat several ailments associated with microbial infection diseases such as wounds, diarrhea, dysentery, and toothache. This study investigated extracts of M. malabathricum L. for antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Disc diffusion and TLC-contact bioautography techniques were employed to examine antibacterial properties of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts with observations of diameter inhibition zones and Rf values. Investigation of active compounds in TLC-bioautography used several reagents including citroboric, cerium (IV) sulfate and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), continued by identification of chromatogram profiles through densitometry analysis. The three extracts showed good inhibition against bacterial strains with diameter inhibition zones in the range of 8.0 – 14.0 mm with a number of active spots on TLC-contact bioautography for each extract. This plant may serve as useful source of antibacterial agents for resistant microorganisms and further investigation is needed of its bioactive pure compounds as well as their particular therapeutic potentials and applications.
Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Impurity in Sulfonamide Intermediate of Glyburide
Authors: Gadani Ketan , Tak Paras , Mehta Mayank , Shorgar Neetu
Published: January 2022

A reproducible isolation method by Reverse Phase (RP) preparative HPLC technique for the isolation of one crucial impurity at 1.65 RRT (Relative Retention Time) in sulfonamide stage of Glyburide API (Active Pharmaceuticals Ingredient) was developed. Preparative chromatography was done on Luna C8, 10µm (250 mm x 21.2mm) preparative HPLC column with acetonitrile: water in 70:30 % v/v proportion as a mobile phase and 8 ml/min as a flow rate. This impurity was detected at 300 nm UV-wavelength maximum. This impurity was isolated from synthesized crude impurity of sulfonamide stage of Glyburide substance by preparative HPLC by injecting 50 mg/ml concentration over 5 ml fixed loop. Isolated impurity was elucidated as N-methyl impurity of sulfonamide intermediate of Glyburide API by means of chromatographic and spectral data. Structural elucidation carried out by spectral data was reviewed. This impurity was analyzed by reverse phase HPLC for purity analysis. A Inertsil C8 (250 x 4.6) mm, 5µ particle size was employed for separation. The mobile phase consisted of Water: Acetonitrile: Methanol in the ratio of 60:15:25 % v/v. The flow rate was set at 1 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 300 nm. 10µL of 2 mg/ml concentration of sample in methanol was injected. The column oven temperature was at 25°C.
Unilateral colonization of fungal infection presenting as renal mass in young patient: A case report
Authors:   Department of Radiology & Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh., Shirin Mahabuba , Al-Azad Salahuddin ,   Department of Radiology & Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh., Alam Farzana ,   Department of Radiology & Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh., Yadav Anil ,   Department of Radiology & Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Published: January 2022

Fungal ball or fungal bezoar is the saprophytic colonization of a preformed cavity by a conglomerate of fungal mycelia without invasion of the adjacent tissue. Fungal bezoar is seen commonly in immunocompromised individuals. We present a case of urinary tract infection, complicated by unliateral fungus balls in a 25-year old female whose imaging findings (USG and CT scan), laboratory investigation and histopathological findings are consistent with renal fungal ball. Keywords: fungal ball; urinary tract infection.
Saber sheath trachea: A radiological sign of severe airway obstruction
Authors:   Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ESI- PGIMSR, Basaidarapur, New Delhi, India., Sah Ram Babu , Singh Pal Ramesh ,   Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ESI- PGIMSR, Basaidarapur, New Delhi, India.
Published: January 2022

A middle-aged man, chronic smoker, presented with complaints of productive cough & exertional breathlessness (mMRC grade III) for 3 years with frequent episodes of exacerbation in the past. There was no other comorbidity or significant past history. His chest radiograph showed narrowing of trachea. Evaluation with computerized tomography of thorax showed normal extra-thoracic trachea with narrowing of the coronal diameter with increase in the sagittal diameter of the trachea along with thickening and calcification of the tracheal wall seen in saber sheath trachea. Keywords: forced expiratory volume; tracheal narrowing; saber sheath trachea.
Loratadine syrup is successfully used to fix Covid-19 induced respiratory distress and chest pain
Authors:   Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Ethiopia.
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 disease is a highly transmissible viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. This virus can cause lung damage, acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. In this case, How Covid-19 in a pregnant patient which didn’t respond well to Vancomyci + Caftazidime + Dexamethasone + Heparin for 7 days was finally responded to Loratadine syrup, and the patient was cured is going to be presented.
Diversidad, riqueza de especies y abundancia relativa de mosquitos adultos (Diptera: Culicidae) en localidades del municipio Gran Sabana, estado Bolívar
Authors: Berti Moser Jesús , Ramírez Rodrigo , Guzmán Hernán , Estrada Franco Yaris José
Published: January 2022

Este estudio forma parte de la primera etapa de una serie de estudios sobre la ecología, biodiversidad y biogeografía de los mosquitos de la familia Culicidae de Venezuela, principalmente en Bolívar y Delta Amacuro. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar la composición de especies, la abundancia y la biodiversidad de mosquitos (Diptera; Culicidae) en el municipio Gran Sabana del estado Bolívar. Las capturas de mosquitos adultos se realizaron con aspiradores bucales mediante capturas por atracción al cebo humano y con trampas de luz negra. Se determinó la riqueza de especies, su abundancia relativa e índices ecológicos de diversidad Shannon-Wiener (H'), equidad de Simpson (E) y dominancia-D, del área general de estudio y sitios o comunidades de muestreo. Los resultados del estudio, generaron el registro de 7.860 ejemplares adultos de Culicidae identificados a nivel de especie, pertenecientes a 69 especies y 17 géneros, de ellos 7.797 (99,19%) fueron hembras adultas capturadas picando o con trampas de luz y 63 (0,81%) fueron machos capturados con trampas de luz. El 16,6% (1.297) de las hembras fue atraído por trampas de luz y el 83,4% (6.500) por cebo humano. Entre las especies más abundantes del estudio están: Culex quinquefasciatus (26,67 %), Anopheles peryassui (12,32 %), Aedes aegypti (11,87 %), Coquilletidia juxtamansonia (8,28 %), Anopheles braziliensis (6,97 %) Anopheles triannulatus s.l. (6,39 %), Coquilletidia nigricans (2,88 %), Coquilletidia venezuelensis (2,51 %) y Anopheles albitarsis s.l. (2,44 %), las cuales en conjunto representan 80,33 % del total de adultos capturado. Se discuten algunos aspectos sobre su ecología, importancia médica y el riesgo epidemiológico que representan para el país algunas especies reportadas. La diversidad de Shannon-Wiener (H') del área general de estudio fue de 2,665, la equidad de Simpson (E) fue igual a 0,8787222 y la dominancia (D) fue de 0,1213. El mayor índice de diversidad (Shannon-Wiener) ocurrió en Chiririka (2,675), seguido de Betania (2,409), Santa Elena Capital (2,354), Manak-Krü (2,203) y Waramasén (2,181). En cuanto a la riqueza de especies por localidad, las comunidades con mayor riqueza de especies fueron: Santa Elena (Capital), Waramasén y Chiririka con 50, 35 y 30 especies respectivamente, seguidas por San Antonio del Morichal con 23 y Kinok-Pon Parú, con 22 especies.
Calidad microbiológica del aire en seis áreas de la microestación biológica- Zoocriadero de la Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva – Tingo María – Perú
Authors: Olivera Barboza Luzbelith , Oré Cierto Luis Eduardo , Loarte Aliaga Wendy Caroline , Oré Cierto Juan Daniel , Garcia Curo Gianmarco , Diaz Dumont Jorge Rafael
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la calidad microbiológica del aire en seis áreas de la Microestación Biológica-Zoocriadero de la Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva-Tingo María-Perú; procediéndose de la siguiente manera: Se seleccionaron seis áreas de muestreo (A1: Boletería, A2: Caseta gallito de las rocas, A3: Zona de las tortugas, A4: Caseta del otorongo, A5: Caseta de los monos y A6: Cocina), de los cuales para la determinación de los parámetros físicos (PAS, temperatura, humedad relativa, precipitación y rosa de viento) se obtuvo información de la estación meteorológica de la UNAS y de lecturas directas en campo, para la determinación de las PAS se realizó por el método pasivo obteniéndose la mayor concentración de PAS en el área 1 “Boletería” (12.61 t/km2/mes, 11.08 t/km2/mes y 8.4 t/km2/mes) y la más baja en el área 5 “caseta de los monos” (2.80 t/km2/mes, 2.80 t/km2/mes y 3.2 t/km2/mes); para el análisis microbiológico se realizó por el método de borboteo en líquidos, identificándose 27 géneros entre bacterias y hongos, siendo las bacterias más frecuentes Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter hafniae y algunas bacterias patógenas para el hombre como Streptococcus sp., Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus anthracis. Los hongos de mayor frecuencia son Penicillium sp., Aspergillius sp., Geotrichum sp., algunos hongos patógenos identificados: Microsporum sp., Epirophyton sp. Por otro lado, para la percepción del público como trabajadores se aplicó encuestas, donde indicaron que la calidad microbiológica del aire en la Microestación Biológica-Zoocriadero es regular.
Características clínicas de adultos mayores con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad
Authors: Verano Gómez Nancy , Labrada González Elsy , Espinoza Pire Lina , Lascano Rivera Andrés Alejandro
Published: January 2022

La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad es una enfermedad infecciosa común que causa una morbilidad y mortalidad sustanciales. Las personas mayores son las más frecuentemente afectadas, y se deben considerar varios aspectos relacionados con el cuidado de esta condición en los ancianos. El patógeno más común en esta patología sigue siendo Streptococcus pneumoniae, seguido de Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las características clínicas de adultos mayores con esta patología en el hospital “Alfredo Noboa Montenegro”. Para las variables cualitativas fue empleada la frecuencia absoluta y el por ciento. Para la asociación entre variables cualitativas se utilizó la prueba Ji-cuadrado de independencia. En caso de las tablas de contingencia 2x2 cuando tuvo alguna celda con frecuencia esperada menor que 5 se utilizó el test exacto de Fisher. Más del 54% de los pacientes estudiados fue clasificado como grado II; de ellos el mayor porcentaje (66,7%) correspondió a los hombres. Le siguió en orden de frecuencia el grado III con 25% y alrededor del 83% fue del sexo femenino. No se obtuvo asociación estadística entre el sexo y el grado de los pacientes estudiados por lo que se pude afirmar que ambas variables fueron independientes. En la mayoría de casos los pacientes resultan infra diagnosticados desde los niveles primarios de atención al confundirlos con otro tipo de patologías, lo que provoca un retraso en la identificación y tratamiento del paciente que en el futuro influye en un pronóstico negativo de este.
Eficacia clínica del extracto de Matico (Piper angustifolium) en la evolución de la cicatrización de heridas por estomatitis aftosa recidivante
Authors: Rojas Uribe Tiana , Salvador Arroba Janeth , Silva Barrera Tatiana , Villacis Lascano Estela
Published: January 2022

La estomatitis aftosa recurrente (EAR) es un trastorno ulcerativo doloroso cíclico que comúnmente afecta la mucosa oral. Factores locales y sistémicos como trauma, sensibilidad alimentaria, deficiencias nutricionales, condiciones sistémicas y desórdenes inmunológicos están asociados con el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Debido a las similitudes en las características de las úlceras pépticas y las úlceras aftosas orales, parece razonable suponer que Helicobacter pylori podría desempeñar un papel en el desarrollo de la EAR. Las especies de Piper son plantas aromáticas que se utilizan como especias en la cocina, pero sus metabolitos secundarios también han mostrado efectos biológicos sobre la salud humana. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre H. pylori y EAR y el efecto cicatrizante del extracto Matico sobre las ulceras bucales. Se reclutó a cuarenta sujetos con EAR. Los participantes fueron asignados al azar al grupo de prueba o al grupo de control. El tamaño y número de las úlceras se registraron el día 1 (valor inicial) y el día 30 (valor final). El tamaño de la ulceras, presencia de pseudomembranas y halos eritematosos fueron estadisticamente significativas en relación a la positividad de H. pylori (p <0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas entre la morfología, número y localización de las aftas (p> 0,05). El grupo que recibió el extracto tuvo un porcentaje de mejoría en la reducción del número de aftas del 65% el día final de evaluación en comparación de sólo un 25% del grupo que no recibió el extracto Matico.
El reto de la Educación 4.0 a nivel universitario de cara a la emergencia por Covid-19
Authors: Sinche Crispín Fernando Viterbo , Gordillo Flores Rafael Edwin , Baldeón Tovar Magno Teófilo , Medina Pelaiza Luz Edga , Armada Pacheco Jose
Published: January 2022

El cierre de universidades, generado por la pandemia de la COVID-19, ha llevado a los países del mundo entero a enfrentar el desafío de la educación remota de emergencia. En latinoamérica, las acciones implementadas para prevenir la propagación del virus obligaron a los ministerios de Educación de la región al cierre de los centros educativos, dejando en marzo de 2020 más de 165 millones de estudiantes sin educación presencial. Casi un año después del comienzo de la pandemia, en febrero de 2021, la región seguía siendo la región más afectada por el cierre de centros educativos, con un promedio de 158 días de clase presenciales perdidos, y 114 millones de estudiantes sin escolarización presencial. Para apoyar los procesos de reapertura gradual en contexto de pandemia, proliferaron los modelos de educación 4.0 que más allá de centrarse en alternar educación presencial con educación a distancia mediada por tecnología, sino que debe promover un uso más efectivo en el aula de las posibilidades de aprendizaje que ofrecen las herramientas digitales, con un mejor aprovechamiento de la tecnología para crear experiencias centradas en el alumno, que sean personalizadas, relevantes y atractivas.
El conocimiento del Kichwa, segunda lengua oficial del Ecuador ¿compromete la comunicación médico/odontólogo-paciente?
Authors: Salame Ortiz Verónica , Armijos Briones Fernando , Armijos Coronel Fabian , Arroyo Lalama Emma
Published: January 2022

Con el propósito de analizar el comportamiento de las relaciones entre médico/odontólogo y paciente, mediadas por la comunicación intercultural, se realizó un estudio que contó con la participación de 200 indígenas de la etnia Kichwa Salasaka y 33 profesionales sanitarios. Mediante la aplicación de encuestas fueron explorados elementos esenciales como los idiomas que ambos grupos dominan; asistencia a consulta de los indígenas; calidad de la atención; formación bilingüe del odontólogo y percepción de la comprensión por parte de ambos grupos. Entre los resultados obtenidos se encuentra la no comprensión de los pacientes de las orientaciones que reciben en la consulta, insuficiente conocimiento la lengua Kichwa por parte del equipo de salud y en consecuencia insuficiente transferencia de la información. Identificada la problemática comunicacional médico/odontólogo - paciente, se recomienda la implementación de políticas de salud sustentadas en el enfoque intercultural
Estrés ocupacional en docentes universitarios expuestos a riesgos biológicos
Authors: Anzules Guerra Jazmín Beatriz , Rojas González Liliana Raquel , Véliz Zevallos Ingebord Josephine , Sánchez Rodríguez Johanna Mabel , Villegas Chiriboga Margoth Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

El estrés laboral ha sido un factor determinante en la aparición de enfermedades en los docentes universitarios, lo cual ha generado absentismo, errores y accidentes en los ambientes de trabajo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar el estrés laboral en personal docente universitario del área de la salud, con riesgo biológico. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, transversal, de campo y prospectiva, con diseño no experimental, en 53 docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador, desde junio de 2018 a junio de 2021, aplicándose el Instrumento de Estrés Laboral OIT-OMS y la estimación índice numérico de riesgo biológico para entornos académicos. Prevalecieron las mujeres (73,6%), mayores de cincuenta años (52,8%) con estrés nivel bajo. Todas las dimensiones del estrés en general mostraron niveles bajos (2,25 ± 1,05), no obstante, al discriminar según el cargo académico, los pocos casos de niveles altos fueron los Auxiliares Titulares, específicamente en las dimensiones: tecnología, clima organizacional y respaldo de grupo, el riesgo biológico ocurre en el 7,5% de los casos y 64,2% similar a la población en general. Se determinó que existen docentes con niveles de estrés que pudieran afectar su homeostasis psico-biológica, por lo cual se recomienda su intervención, independientemente de su escalafón académico o dedicación laboral
Aporte científico de los estudiantes de medicina para mejorar el conocimiento acerca de la COVID-19
Authors: Vinelli-Arzubiaga Daniella , Inga-Berrospi Fiorella
Published: January 2022

La enfermedad producida por el SARS-CoV-2 tiene menos de 3 años desde que se reportó por primera vez en Wuhan, China; no obstante, ya se han podido evidenciar las grandes consecuencias que tuvo desde que apareció y se diseminó por todo el mundo; siendo que en los primeros meses existió mucha desinformación e incluso incredulidad de que esta enfermedad llegaría a afectar de manera global. Es así que, desde el inicio de la pandemia, se tuvo una gran necesidad de contar con evidencia científica de calidad. Algunos países comenzaron rápidamente a realizar investigaciones y reportar acerca de esta nueva enfermedad, su epidemiología, clínica, entre otros aspectos, siendo los primeros en hacerlo los países asiáticos, luego se sumaron los países europeos y norteamericanos, quienes también tuvieron una gran producción científica. Sin embargo, en el medio peruano la pandemia llego varios meses después de iniciada en otros países, lo que retrasó también las investigaciones.
COVID-19 tanılı yaşlılara hastalık nereden ve nasıl bulaştı?
Authors: DEĞER Tahsin Barış , DOĞAN Resul
Published: January 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı yaşlılara COVID-19’un nereden ve nasıl bulaştığını araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Kesitsel olarak yürütülen çalışmanın örneklemi Ankara Şehir Hastanesinde COVID-19 tanısı konan ve yaş ortalaması 66,98 ± 5,98 olan 164 yaşlı bireyden oluştu. Çalışma 25 Şubat- 29 Mart 2021 tarihinde acil servis COVID-19 biriminde yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anket formuyla toplanan veriler Ki Kare testi ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmada asemptomatik ve pre-semptomatik bulaşma oranı %40,2 olarak bulundu. Ev içi bulaş oranı pozitif olan bir kişiyle temasta bulunan katılımcılar içerisinde %57,9 olarak bulundu (p˂0,05). Ev içi bulaşta en önemli kaynak kişi sırasıyla eş ve çocuk, ev dışı bulaşta ise sırasıyla komşu, arkadaş ve akrabaydı. Ev dışı bulaşta "Bu kişiyle son 14 gün içerisinde kaç gün beraber oldunuz?" sorusuna en yüksek oranda sırasıyla "2 gün" ve "1 gün" cevapları alındı (p˂0,05). "Sosyal mesafe?" sorusunda ise en yüksek oranda verilen cevap "1,5 metreden az mesafe" olarak gerçekleşti (p˂0,05). Bulaşmanın gerçekleştiği yer sorusuna "kendi evimde"; zaman sorusuna "1 saat"; kaç gün oldu sorusuna "3 gün oldu" cevapları en yüksek oranda alınan cevaplardı. Virüsün nereden bulaştığı kesin belli olmayan katılımcıların ise, son 14 gün içerisinde seyahate çıktığı, evde misafir ağırladığı, düğün, cenaze, pazar, cami ve hastaneye gittiği belirlendi. Öneriler: Okullarda, iş yerlerinde toplumun bir arada bulunduğu yerlerde rutin serolojik taramaların yapılması önerilir.
Editorial Foreword
Authors: Miloiu Silviu-Marian
Published: January 2022

The current issue of Revista Română de Studii Baltice și Nordice / The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies combines the publication of scientific articles highlighting issues of identity, memory, culture, translation and economy of the Nordic and Baltic area with an educational section featuring the innovative syllabi of disciplines to be taught at the summer school of Nordic and Baltic Studies, which is the core of the project “A piece of culture, a culture of peace” (CoolPeace), and a corpus of scientific articles. The project is financed under the measure “inter-institutional cooperation projects” of the EEA grants and is intended to strengthen the institutional cooperation at the level of higher education sector between all the partners involved: Valahia University of Târgoviște as the Project Promoter, the University of Agder, the University of Oslo, the Embassy of Lithuania in Romania, Peace Action Training and Research Institute of Romania and the Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies. The Programme Operator of the EEA Scholarship Programme in Romania is ANPCDEFP (the National Agency for Community Programmes in the Field of Education and Vocational Training). The embassies of Finland, Norway and Sweden in Romania are cultural partners in this endeavour. Two of the articles published in this issue were presented at the Sixth international conference on Baltic and Nordic Studies in Romania entitled Historical memory, the politics of memory and cultural identity: Romania, Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea Region in comparison, hosted by the Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies, Faculty of History and Political Sciences of Ovidius University of Constanța and International Summer School of The University of Oslo, Norway, in Constanța, Romania, on May 22-23, 2015, and financed within the Fund for Bilateral Relations at National Level. The 2015 conference focused on historical memory, the politics of memory and cultural identity, on historical narratives, including competing narratives, and on the use of history in identity politics. Places of commemoration, autobiographies, biographies and memoirs, empiric or theoretical research relevant to the conference’s topic stood also at the heart of the meeting. While concentrating on the three subjects underlined in the title of the conference, it also sought to approach other topics of interconnection between Romania, the Black Sea region and Scandinavia and Baltic Sea Region such as the role of women in shaping the society, energy, geography and environment, economics and trade, international relations.
The problem of the application of the term second serfdom in the history of Central Eastern Europe: the case of Lithuanian economy in the 16th-19th (until 1861)
Authors: Žiemelis Darius
Published: January 2022

In the 16th-19th centuries (until 1861) the term second serfdom is not applied in the investigations of the economic organization of Lithuania. However, the theory of the neo-Marxist capitalist world system (CWS) of the most famous and influential American comparative historical sociology representative I. Wallerstein offers to look at the phenomenon of the second serfdom from a global perspective emphasizing external causes and to consider it a manifestation of peripheral capitalism in Central Eastern Europe. In his fundamental work The Modern World System, the Polish and Lithuanian social economic order in the 16th-18th centuries is treated as the periphery of the CWS at that time. The goal of this article is using the access of modern comparative historical sociology to answer the question of whether the term second serfdom is applicable (and if so, when) to describe the economic organization of Lithuania in 1557–1861. The article states that in view of the economic development of Lithuania in 1557–1861 considering an essential component of the CWS theory – the concept of peripheral capitalism, the features of the second serfdom are most distinctly seen in Lithuania not in the 16th-18th centuries (as I. Wallerstein stated), but in the second half of the 18th century – 1861.
The Baltic Sea and the Black Sea: security challenges and vulnerabilities after the Cold War
Authors: Chihaia Mihai Sebastian
Published: January 2022

After the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the USSR, the international system changed, becoming a unipolar one. Not only did this fact bring a diffusion of power and the reaffirmation of smaller actors/regional powers, the enlargement of several international organizations such as NATO and the EU, but also prompted regional transition and integration.
This paper will focus on two regions that are fundamental in the security environment of Europe and its neighborhood: the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea. Both areas suffered important changes after 1990. Furthermore, the areas mentioned have been a rendezvous point for several elements such as the shifting balance of power, political ambitions of smaller states, transit point for global trade routes (Scandinavia, Baltics and the Black Sea) and energy security issues.
The article will take into account the concerns of the actors, outlining their security challenges and vulnerabilities as well as identifying similarities between countries from the two regions addressed. The comparison will further address the issues the regions faced after the end of the Cold War such as the emergence of new countries, political and economic transition with emphasis on cooperation initiatives and integration in NATO and EU. The main aim of the article will be to frame the similarities and differences of the political and security environment of the two regions.
The structure of the paper goes as follows. I will start by laying out a theoretical framework centred upon the concept of security and what it involves and after that I will introduce and define the two regions discussed in the article, the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea areas and outline the context each of them faced after the end of the Cold War. The next section will address the threats to the stability of the regions, creating the frame for the last part of the article which will make a comparison between the Baltic and the Black Sea areas.
Women in the Latvian War of Independence 1918 – 1920 in historical memory: nurses’ example
Authors: Gīle Inna
Published: January 2022

The research deals with a subject that has not been investigated previously, but is a significant topic in the historical memory of Latvian culture – participation and importance of nurses in the War of Independence of Latvia. Many nurses worked in the military units and war medicine institutions of the Latvian Army. They fulfilled their professional responsibilities with selflessness and often died in the line of duty. Unfortunately nurses’ role in this military conflict is not clarified. The objective of this paper is to study the role of nurses during the War of Independence of 1918–1920 and the impact of the activity of nurses related to the military sphere on historical memory. Chronological confines include the period of time from November 18, 1918, when the democratic and independent state of Latvia was established, till August 11, 1920, when the Peace Treaty was signed between Latvia and Soviet Russia. To reach that purpose, we need to look at many aspects – study the change of women’s role at the beginning of the 20th century, especially under the circumstances of World War I; consider the significance of the War of Independence in the region and investigate the contribution of nurses in the War of Independence, what professional responsibilities they fulfilled and what were the difficulties they encountered and, finally, how their commitment has been preserved in historical memory.
My file
Authors: Lone Steinar
Published: January 2022

The Western European impressions of the Romanian communist state are that the secret police, Securitatea, were everywhere and controlled everything. As a foreign – Norwegian – student in Romania in 1978-79, I did not really care. When the archives were opened, it turned out that my roommate at the students’ hostel had in fact a file of some 500 pages — also covering later years. That file contained photos of him — and myself, and a reference to my own file. In October 2009, I saw my file at the Romanian Securitate, from the period when I was a student in Bucharest in 1978-1979. This turned out to have only 20 pages. However, both my roommate’s story, which he used as raw material for a book (‘Verdacht.’ Mijn Securitatedossier, Uitgeverij Atlas, Amsterdam/Antwerpen 2009, ”Suspect.” Dosarul meu de la Securitate, Editura Trei, Bucureşti 2013), and my own story provide some insight into what the Securitate did – and did not. Horrible as the system was, and of course with fatal consequences for millions of innocent people, my conclusion is that they did not deserve their pay.
Power, ideology and piety in high medieval Norway: The King’s Mirror
Authors: Coroban Costel
Published: January 2022

This paper explores the concepts of piety and power in the work entitled Konungs skuggsjá (King’s Mirror or Speculum Regale), a writing that dates from circa 1250 issued under King Hákon Hákonarson (1217-1263) of Norway and issued for the education of his son, King Magnús lagabœtir (1263-1280). Konungs skuggsjá is utilitarian and didactic, unlike other examples of literature such as saga. It is presented in the form of a dialogue between an authoritative “Father” and the “Son” and is presumably authored by one of the priests, monks or chaplains at the Norwegian court, given the extensive theological knowledge expressed in it. The text bears similar characteristics to other pieces of mirror literature that is characteristic to the High Middle Ages. Piety, which can be considered a universal value in medieval times, was also required of kings and of all men, as The Homily Book (Hómilíubók) of the time prescribed obedience as a vital ingredient for salvation. In his exploration of Norwegian kingship in the High Middle Ages, the scholar Hans Jacob Orning begins by highlighting the difference between Christian piety, in which nothing can be asked of God in return for servitude towards him, and the old pagan beliefs, wherein the gods were often addressed various requests at occasions such as sacrifices.
Hedda Gabler: between territories
Authors: Druță Gianina
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to provide a deleuzian analysis of Hedda Gabler, one of the most controversial feminine characters of Ibsen’s plays. Thus, using Gilles Deleuze’s concepts to interpret Hedda Gabler we can acquire a clearer perspective over the protagonist and her relationship to “territories” as sexuality, family or society, reconfiguring also the context in which she is living. The deleuzian lens enables us to offer a logical explanation of Hedda Gabler as a complex character, reconfiguring the context she belongs to and taking her out of the rigid imaginary of the paradox and of the absurd. Thus, Deleuze’s philosophy helps us understand better how Hedda Gabler determines in a certain way the ambiguity of the “territories” and how she influences/is influenced by it. Thus, this study represents a literary analytical exercise inspired by some of Deleuze’s concepts, more specifically deterritorialisation/territory, antigenealogy, rhizome, alliance and the plan of immanence, and is interested to see how they function in Henrik Ibsen’s play. Aspects as a character’s corporeality, the spatial structure and the irony contribute as well to a unified perspective regarding the different territorial forms analysed in the paper: sexuality, family, society, etc.
Museo Travesti del Perú como arqueología ficcional para reencontrar corporeidades negadas
Authors: Rodríguez Albeley
Published: January 2022

Las ideas que me propongo exponer exploran el patrón binarista en algunos de sus estratos y entramados (los cuerpos y el mandato heteronormativo; el pensamiento; las jerarquías políticas; su performatividad) y las estrategias posibles para fugar del mismo, a partir del recorrido por una metodología arqueológica creadora, aunque esas estrategias rayan, a propósito, en lo ficcional, reconocible en la compleja propuesta del Museo Travesti del Perú del filósofo, artista y travesti Giuseppe Campuzano.En este ensayo me interesa desarrollar ideas en torno a la posibilidad de politizar los imaginarios a través de la valoración de planteamientos artísticos como el de Campuzano, para incitar desplazamientos históricos a contrapelo de la narrativa dominante, intentando identificar aspectos seminales del sistema heteropatriarcal en la normativa implementada por la invasión colonial en la experiencia de nuestro contexto latinoamericano, nuestras corporeidades y sus intersecciones, que fue posteriormente prolongada por el Estado-nación, en una reproducción que continúa incrustada en nuestra cotidianidad con consecuencias nefastas para aquellas existencias situadas fuera de los márgenes de la masculinidad.