bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of magnetorheological elastomer rheological properties using artificial neural network
Authors: Saharuddin K D , Mohammed Ariff M H , Bahiuddin I , Mazlan S A , Abdul Aziz S A , Nazmi N , Fatah A Y A
Published: March 2021

One of the important issues of Magnetorheological (MR) elastomer characteristic is to determine the linear viscoelastic region (LVE). This lead to the number of prediction models to predict the characteristic of MR elastomer based on its rheological properties. Based on the previous research, it is found that the availability of prediction model is regarded as one of the concerned issue in the development of MR elastomer material and devices. Therefore in this work, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is proposed as prediction model due to its advantages particularly in terms of non-parametric modeling approach flexibility. Here, the shear strain and magnetic flux density are adopted as the inputs of the prediction model. Meanwhile the predicted outputs were the storage and loss modulus. The prediction model performance index was analyzed based on its generalization performance. Comparison between simulation result and experiment data shows good agreement where prediction on 0.80T of output storage modulus produced 0.0086MPa and 0.998 for Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2) respectively.
Palm olein solid soap as a matrix for organophosphate decontamination agents
Authors: Abdul Latif N S , Ariff H , Mohamed R A , Halim N Abdul , Mohamad Noor S A , Khim O K , Mohd Kasim N A , Wan Yunus W M Z
Published: March 2021

Penetration of organophosphates through skin is one of the major routes for organophosphate poisonings which are associated with acute injuries and deaths. Thus, immediate and effective decontamination of these chemicals from the exposed skin is essential to prevent them from entering the body. Soap solutions which have a capacity to remove effectively the organophosphates from the skin, can be modified by adding suitable additives, to make them capable to convert the poisons into harmful chemicals to the environment. Although soaps are commercially abundant, their exact formulations are unknown. In order to understand soap interactions with their additives, the knowledge of the soap compositions is needed. In this paper, we describe the results of our attempts to synthesise soaps from palm olein and coconut oil by saponification process using sodium hydroxide. Our study showed that, the soap synthetized from palm olein and sodium hydroxide solution has similar physicochemical properties with those of the selected commercial soap. This soap will be modified and further characterised for removal of organophosphates from contaminated skins. This paper report results of our preliminary study on the soap characterization prior to formulation of the soap with active ingredient as organophosphate decontamination agent.
Preparation and characterization of polysaccharide mediated copper nanoparticle: The effect of time-varying exposure
Authors: Tarmizi Z I , Arifin N I , Rasit Ali R , Shameli K , Zhe J C , Salleh M S N
Published: March 2021

This paper reported the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) via the chemical method in the presence of CuSO4.5H20 as precursor, polysaccharide as a stabilizer and ascorbic acid was acted as a reducing agent. In this study, the irradiation time was varied to evaluate the effect of time exposure with the Cu-NPs production. The analysis of samples without and with polysaccharide was characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared coupled with attenuated total reflection instrument (ATR-FTIR). Based on the observation, reddish-brown colour solution demonstrated the formation of Cu-NPs and UV-Vis proved the plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra at the peak of 580 nm. The sharp peak of XRD at angle 2Ɵ gives the value of 43.69°, 50.81°, and 74.42° was attributed to Cu-NPs and the presence of polysaccharides maintained the crystallinity of Cu-NPs. FTIR results shows that the interaction peaks were occurred based on shifting of the peak to higher wavenumber. In conclusion, Cu-NPs were successfully produced by using the microwave method and be a function of time.
Correlation Between Slump, VeBe and Compaction Factor of Concrete Containing Shredded PET Bottles, Manufactured Sand (M-sand) and River Sand as Fine Aggregate
Authors: Nadimalla A , Masjuki S A , Saad S A , Ali M , Husain N M , Azahar W N A W , Kasim N
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the effects of the properties of fresh concrete incorporating shredded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and Manufactured Sand (M-sand) together as fine aggregates replacement in concrete mixtures. The investigation to determine the correlation of the fresh properties of concrete were mainly experimental based and the experiments involved were Slump Test, VeBe Test and Compaction Factor Test. There were two different concrete batches were prepared, in which the first batch was partially replaced by M-sand and the second batch was partially replaced by M-sand and shredded PET bottles as fine aggregate replacements. The proportion of M-sand content and M-sand with shredded PET bottles were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (for M-sand) and 1.5% proportion of shredded PET bottles respectively. The mix design was prepared in accordance to the Department of Environment (DOE) method and utilizes M30 as the Class of Concrete. A novel empirical relationship between slump, VeBe, and compaction factor for the shredded PET bottles and M-Sand based M30 concrete was proposed. The outcomes of this research has proven beneficial to the construction industries as the utilisation of waste and recycled materials has the potential for sustainable construction.
Sustainability Assessment in The Textile and Apparel Industry: A Review of Recent Studies
Authors: Gbolarumi F T , Wong K Y , Olohunde S T
Published: March 2021

This study was carried out to present general concept and overview of sustainability assessment of textile industry. Textile and apparel industries generate environmental harm at all stages of production from raw material cultivation to disposal of finished goods. Large amounts of chemical loads, high amount of water usage, high energy consumption, air emission, solid waste and odour formation are the major environmental challenge in textile industries. There is a need to assess the performance of textile industry while considering the three facets of sustainability to achieve a sustainable production. Five keywords such as sustainable development, sustainable manufacturing, sustainability assessment, textile industry and triple bottom line were used to investigate and find recent and related studies. The studies were critically reviewed and evaluated at different assessment levels, source and weight of indicators and boundaries of sustainability assessment. Furthermore, the reviewed findings were critically discussed along with their strengths and weaknesses. The reviewed studies revealed that most sustainability evaluations were conducted on sector, product and process/work cell levels in the textile and apparel industry. However, it is necessary to emphasize more on company assessment level to accomplish the three pillars of sustainability objectives. Environmental dimension measurement in textile industry had been fairly developed and standardized. However, from economic and social perspectives, only cost analysis, employee’s welfare and safety were mostly considered in all the reviewed studies. Hence, more investigation and validation must be performed on social and economic indicators in textile industries.
The Relationship between Workplace Window and Seating Arrangement
Authors: Achoba M I , Abdul Majid R B , Obiefuna C O
Published: March 2021

The partnership of public and private sectors, civil society and citizens are required in the realization of the Envision 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Target number 8 goal is the main focus of this paper, by investigating the current work environment effects on its occupants. Office occupants spend most of their time in the work environment, hence it is appropriate to ensure a healthy environment is maintained. Presently, the workplace seating arrangement is mostly done neglecting the benefits of the window and view which provides a restorative effect to the occupants. A total of 267 respondents were involved in this study using a cross-sectional approach. The study was carried out in Kogi State Government offices in Nigeria. The study made use of a close-ended questionnaire. Subsequently, descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modelling were used to obtain results. The results showed a valid model, the factors that are interrelated in the relationship between seating arrangement and window reveal a low overall regression weight. The low output suggests that urgent measures need to be put in place to sustain a healthy environment for occupants. The path diagrams reveal that seating arrangement to view satisfaction is significant. In practice, the findings of this study will serve as a useful indicator to provide positive solutions and enforce policies that will maintain a purposeful and effective workplace allocation for occupants. It is hoped that the study will give an insight into the enforcement of the Bill empowering Facility managers and other building stakeholders to effectively practice in public buildings, thereby promoting a healthy working environment.
Risk assessment for apartment building maintenance using Fuzzy-FMEA methods
Authors: Reza A , Vanany I , Machsus
Published: March 2021

In apartment buildings, damage often occurs during maintenance. This study aims to identify risks, estimate risks, and provide mitigation actions for risks in apartment building maintenance. Types of risks that often occur, namely for the kind of work (1) civil and (2) MEP (Mechanical Electrical and Plumbing). Risk assessment in this research uses the Fuzzy-FMEA method (Failure mode and effect analysis). The results of risk assessment, the most critical risk is the risk of damage to marble floors with an FRPN value of 64.7. By using the FMEA method, as we know that there are seven causes of marble floor damage, namely (1) no standard work procedures, (2) no employee training, (3) unhealthy workers, (4) drugs influence, (5) no there is an inspection at the time of handover, (6) no routine checklist, and (7) strong winds. Some mitigation actions are also describes in this paper.
Modelling tank truck routing for city park watering problems in Surabaya
Authors: Arini N I , Siswanto N , Rusdiansyah A
Published: March 2021

Surabaya City Government tries to have 20% public and 10% private green open space to obey regulation of Indonesian Law No. 26/2007, so that the City Government is actively increasing the number of public green space by creating city parks. With the ever-increasing amount of green open space, maintenance activities are needed, one of which is to do routine watering every day. The problem often faced by the City Government is determining the truck routes to optimize traveling time. Many variables can affect this traveling time, among others, demand, number of vehicles, vehicle capacity, time windows, operating hours and vehicle routes. In practice, a large number of watering locations, irregular routes, and uneven service area assignments often result in overtime which impacts the next shift working hours. The water truck routing problem can be categorized as NP Hard so that the process of scheduling and determining routes use Ant Colony. The objective of this study is to develop a model that can minimize the total routing time and the number of vehicles in the process of filling and watering from the depot to the park. The scenarios developed provides savings in terms of time minimization and distribution of assignments.
Design and implementation for performance measurement system in the power plant operation and maintenance company
Authors: Andrias P M , Vanany I
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to re-design and implementation performance measurement system using Balanced Scorecards (BSc) in power plant operations and maintenances companies. Three main lack of existing performance measurement system that are reasoning to conduct the re-design performance measurement system in case study such as lack in strategy map, weights on perspectives, strategy objectives, and Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s), and some KPI’s do not represent relevant performance and are not measurable in quantitative data. Determining 16 strategy objectives and 43 KPI’s based on strategy company and weights and target each KPI’s was been conducted. Based measurement using scoring system were calculated and analyzed. The poor performance (red color) was analyzed to be improvement in next year. The recommendations given are increasing human resources competencies and capabilities as electricity regulation and electricity market requirement, as well as enhance information technology system to support data base that aim completion of work more effectively.
Tensile properties of epoxy/1 wt% graphene nanocomposites prepared with ethanol
Authors: Saharudin M S , Hasbi S , Okolo C , Inam F
Published: March 2021

In this research, solution casting technique was applied to produce four types of nanocomposites. Different ethanol dosages; 0g, 1g, 3g, and 5g were used to disperse graphene in the epoxy matrix. It was observed that 1g dosage of ethanol was the most effective concentration to disperse 1wt% graphene in the epoxy matrix. At 1 g dosage of ethanol used, the Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and toughness were increased by 130%, 76%, and 187% respectively. SEM images illustrated that the graphene was able to inhibit the advancing cracks and detoured cracks propagation. It is observed that the ethanol needs to be removed completely during processing to ensure its effectiveness, otherwise, the remaining ethanol can cause porosity which is undesirable to the tensile properties of the nanocomposites.
Cluster analysis to determine business strategy for MSMEs in Yogyakarta
Authors: Nugraha R S , Jatiningrum W S , Astuti R D
Published: March 2021

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia need to be encouraged to develop themselves. This is due to their contribution in the national economies. Yogyakarta, known as a creative city, has various kinds of micro enterprises, particularly food business. The appropriate strategies need to be applied to develop their business. Nevertheless, many food businesses in Yogyakarta city has different characteristics. The purpose of this study is to cluster food businesses as micro enterprises in Yogyakarta. K-means method is used to analyse 38 food businesses based on 13 variables related to characteristics of food businesses. 2 clusters obtained were named ‘prepared to level up cluster’ and ‘developing cluster’. ‘Prepared to level up cluster’ was considered to be more potential than ‘developing cluster’. SWOT analysis was then used to formulate the appropriate strategy for each cluster. By calculating total score of internal and external factor evaluation, obtained appropriate strategies for each cluster. Growth strategy through vertical integration was suitable for ‘prepared to level up cluster’. Meanwhile, ‘developing cluster’ need to adopt growth strategy through horizontal integration to develop its business.
In the search of oil and gas incident causal factors: The Gaussian Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process approach
Authors: Wicaksono F D , Arshad Y B
Published: March 2021

Learning from events is a crucial measure to reduce the number of catastrophic incidents on board the oil and gas industry. It is critical to have a better understanding of the root causes behind the incidents. A better understanding of the incident causal factors can be accomplished by investigating thoroughly previous incident reports and determine the most notable factors in contributing to the incidents. This paper mainly elaborates and analyzes incident reports produced by the International Oil and Gas Producer Association’s (IOGP’s) reports from 2010 until 2018 located in the worldwide operation. The most contributing factors lead to the oil and gas incidents are examined in this paper utilizing Gaussian fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, an improved methodology of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) by embedding Gaussian fuzzy number within the evaluation process. Gaussian fuzzy number is obtained by random simulation corresponding to the Gaussian probability density function. The result of this paper reveals the more accurate and realistic representation of incident causal factors determination. This point of view helps in better explaining oil and gas incidents causal factors, where precaution measures should be directed and efficiently managed.
PCA effect on the 3D face recognition system speed
Authors: Kusnadi A , Wella  , Winantyo R , Pane I Z
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a system of three-dimensional (3D) face recognition is not done through 3D face reconstruction method but directly uses the data retrieved from Kinect Xbox camera system. From a previous study, there exists a possibility to increase the speed and accuracy of the system. In order to accelerate the recognition speed, a single step in the said study is eliminated, which is the reconstruction of 3D face data. The algorithms used in this research are Backpropagation Neural Network and PCA. Testing is done in two ways. The first test uses a combination of Backpropagation and PCA, while the second test uses Backpropagation only. PCA has the function of simplifying the amount of data, thereby reducing the amount of computing that can increase speed system. The results show that the system that uses a combination of Backpropagation and PCA achieved an increase in speed up to 34.2 times, but a reduced accuracy of 8.5%.
Process improvement using value stream mapping and lean methodology: a case study application in batch chemical process industry
Authors: Lie S R , Kusumastuti R D
Published: March 2021

Intensifying competition in the global chemicals market is increasing the pressure on companies to adopt lean manufacturing and improve their operational efficiency to remain competitive. Companies operating in emerging economies are no exception. This study looks at the application of value stream mapping (VSM) in the production process of a batch chemical manufacturing company based in Indonesia. The application of value stream method is a multistep approach. A value stream scope is determined in the beginning, followed by a data collection step to construct a current state map. The current state is analysed to gain a deep understanding of how things currently operate and provides the foundation for the ideal future state of the production process. The production process is then redesigned following lean manufacturing principles, and the future state map is drawn. Analysis is then conducted to estimate the potential cost reduction from implementing the proposed future state. The results indicate a more efficient production system as shown by decreased production lead time and reduced production costs.
Bi-objective optimization model for integrated planning in container terminal operations
Authors: Prayogo D N , Hidayatno A , Komarudin
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we studied an integrated planning optimization model in container operations consisting of tactical and operational level decisions. At the tactical level decision, integration planning includes berth allocation problem, quay crane assignment problem and yard allocation planning. These tactical level decisions are integrated with quay crane scheduling which is an operational level decision at the container terminal. Integration of planning in container terminals is needed because the decision on berth allocation, namely berthing position and berthing time in seaport, is highly dependent on the decision of reserved sub-blocks positions in container yard allocation, the number of quay cranes assigned to each vessel and its scheduling on each vessel bays. This integrated planning decision optimization has two objective functions; namely: (i) minimizing total operational cost, and (ii) maximizing service level. Numerical experiments have been carried out to obtain total cost efficiency and maximum service level resulting from the proposed optimization model.
Analysis of sugar import policy effects on sugar cane farmer’s income in East Java: A system dynamic approach
Authors: Fudhlaa A F , Rachmawati W , Retnowati D
Published: March 2021

Besides rice, sugar becomes a national strategic agricultural commodity in Indonesia. Until 2019, since local sugar production has not been able to meet national needs, import is required. However, the uncontrolled entry of imported sugars could hit the presence of the local sugar. This can smite particularly the traditional sugar cane farmers who are the backbone of national sugar production. Based on the observation in East Java as a province with the largest sugar production in Indonesia, in recent years, when they are depressed with the increase of living and farming costs, the entry of imported sugar in large volumes will make their conditions worse. This study develops a system dynamics model that can evaluate the impact of sugar import policies on the fluctuations in the welfare of traditional sugar cane farmers in East Java. After the validation process, the result of simulation shows that if there are imported sugars in volume 10% of local productions, sugar cane farmers’ incomes decrease 38% on average per year. When imported sugars reach 60% of local production, sugar cane farmers’ annual income dropped drastically tends to go bankrupt. When there are no imported sugars, the income crept up an average of 4.35% per year. The Model could be used by policy makers as an early warning mechanism on this issue.
Human error probability analysis using Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM) approach in grinding activities
Authors: Santiasih I , Ratriwardhani R A
Published: March 2021

Grinding activities produced 31% accident cases that occurred repeatedly and had the same cause. Most of them were investigated and were proved to be caused by human error. The study aims to obtain the value of Human Error Probability (HEP), thus, it could be employed as prevention and controlling consideration. HEP value was obtained by finding the value of. Success Likelihood Index (SLI). SLI value could be obtained using questionnaires and Performance Shaping Factor (PSF) assessment which had been filled by expert judgment. The scenarios were developed to predict and reduce the occurrence of human error as applied to Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM). This research illustrated the factors that affected errors in the grinding process were procedure, fatigue, complexity, training, and experience. The task that contained the highest error value was in the first task (use PPE following predetermined). While the task which included the lowest HEP was task 2 (prepare documents according to pre-defined). As part of efforts to reduce the error probability values grinding process, it recommended reducing the probability of error by increasing the value of PSF, ranging from improved procedures, reduction of fatigue of the workers, the reduction of the complexity of the job, increased training for workers, and increased workers’ qualification through work experience history.
Lean manufacturing with multilevel Value Stream Mapping
Authors: Prasetyawan Y , Ramadhan B A , Salsabila L
Published: March 2021

The lean method is a process that helps the companies to produce more products by minimizing time of the process, capital, and other resources. VSM is a tool which is based on the lean manufacturing that used to identify the current scenario of the process in the company to solve the problems and fix the future scenario. As VSM identifies all the process steps, the value added, and non-value-added activities are analysed using this tool to help see the source of waste and the hidden waste. The existing VSM is limited to explain the production process in general and it is less detailed, so the improvements that made are limited to the level of the production line and not every production process. The purpose of this paper is to develop a dynamic mapping method to enable a more detailed analysis of lean problems by making value stream mapping into several levels (multilevel).
Supply chain network design to adjust with acquisition of competitor: Case study of a cement company in Indonesia
Authors: Setiyawan R B , Pujawan I N , Arvitrida N I
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the problems encountered by the largest market share cement manufacturer in Indonesia after acquiring a competitor is considered. These problems consist of determining the right allocation of production facilities to serve a market, the decision to continue to operate or stop the operation of a grinding and or packing plants, determining the number of clinkers sent from the integrated cement plants to the grinding plants and determining of the amount of cement production in each production facility. This research was conducted with the aim of designing the supply chain network in order to minimize total annualized cost in meeting demand in all marketing areas in Indonesia. The supply chain network is mathematically modelled and the optimal solution is solved using mixed integer linear programming (MILP) method by considering the fixed costs of facility infrastructure, clinker and cement bag and bulk unit production and distribution costs. The results provide recommendation that in the current oversupplied market situation to close 21 out of the 31 units of the packing plant and 2 of 3 units of the grinding plant along with the allocation of each facility with a utilization rate of 76.6% of the capacity owned after the acquisition.
Provision model for line balancing in multi-echelon multi-product continuous cement production
Authors: Permana N , Partiwi S G , Widodo E
Published: March 2021

This study investigated model for line balancing in multi eschelon and multi product. A cement company which have 4 integrated plant consist of multi-eschelon 4 rawmill, 4 kiln, 9 finish mill with multi-product OPC and PCC. This paper proposed production cement plant mathematical model using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). The main objective of the model is minimize cost by changing decision variable production rate (ton/hour) and product allocation route. Constraint is demand fulfillment of multi product, inventory and production balancing, inventory and production min/max production. Furthermore, the improvement recommendation also will be declared in order to reduce production cost.The implication practice of proposed model of line balancing in multi-eschelon multi product continuous production is production manager could develop production planning and manage production rate in order to reduce production cost during multi period.
An integrated analysis of port and coal storage development plan in a mining company with a simulation approach
Authors: Kusuma E , Arvitrida N I
Published: March 2021

Managing inbound logistics activities requires an integrated and comprehensive perspective to understand the operations complexity that affects inbound performance. This study proposes an integrated analysis in port and coal storage development plan in a mining company. The main goal of the analysis is creating a cost-effective plan. A discrete event simulation (DES) approach is used to model the complexity, and the model is applied to analyse the number of barge slip, port loading and unloading equipment, the number and the type of material transport equipment. It also analyses how storage capacity can achieve particular service levels. The model considers the actual restriction and uncertainties, such as tidal time, barge sailing and berthing time, loading and unloading time, material transportation time, availability of barge slip, material transportation, loading and unloading equipment. The simulation using 2020 data as the baseline of demand and 2027 data as the highest demand until 2030, this demand led to high queues at barge slip, making stockpile capacity insufficient, and high utility on trucks followed by long queues. Based on the simulation results, increasing the number of resources can be able to solve the overcome problems.
A safety-first portfolio selection framework: Estimating returns of exchange traded funds through regression analysis
Authors: Young M N
Published: March 2021

This research provides a possible variant of the basic framework of portfolio selection. First, for the return estimation, considering Asian exchange-traded funds as the selection pool for the investment, regression analysis is applied to generate future return scenarios. Second, for the assignment of weights, the likelihood of these scenarios are assumed to be equally likely. Third, for the portfolio selection model, the safety-first model is utilized with consideration of 5 different diversification factors. The proposed procedure is modeled as a linear programming model into AIMMS optimization software where the resulting portfolios show that safety-first portfolios can outperform the benchmark. These observations can pave the way to a new generic portfolio selection framework that can possibly help investors and may lead to alternative investment instruments.
Analysis of usability and user experience on the batik’s website design
Authors: Hartomo S , Bakal T S C
Published: March 2021

Batik is one of Indonesia’s cultural heritage that has been recognized internationally such that this commodity is in demand by most local and international markets. For that reason, it is significant to promote and make an on offer to those markets in an effective and attractive way. E-marketing is a method of the company to communicate, promote, and sell products and services over the internet. However, some Batik industry in Indonesia has not applied this technique optimally though they have the website. It is indicated by a number of customers interacting with the company are still low which is around 3,735 visitors for 4 months. And they utilize the Batik’s website for only the tour, not executing the purchase. Thus, it is beneficial for evaluating the quality of the Batik website. The objective of this study is to analyze the usability and responsiveness level of one of the Batik websites in a certain company in Indonesia. Usability test and user experience method were utilized in this study where about the 30 experienced respondents is participated. Descriptive statistical analysis is conducted to explain the status of the website. Result of this study shows that the usability level of the existing Batik website is not effective, not efficient, not satisfaction. While the level of responsiveness is not responsive (Bad Level). This is indicated a score of attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, stimulation, novelty is 0.12, -0.25, -0.24, 0.12, 0.08, -0.20 respectively. The recommended design in this study is valid to satisfy the user requirements at 5% of significant levels statistically.
Designing sweet biscuits packaging by considering the level of attractiveness based on eye tracking data
Authors: Ronyastra I M , Kusumo A H , Hartono M , Tantoisworo E S
Published: March 2021

The diversity of types of packaging of the product is not entirely desirable by consumers. This study aims to conduct a ranking analysis on packaging, an analysis of the correlation between fixation to the level of attractiveness, and packaging design that is of interest to consumers. Data collection was obtained through eye tracking and post exposure questionnaire for 49 respondents. The analysis shown that the correlation between fixation to level of attractiveness is not correlated, due to external factors such as brand image, brand familiarity, and others. Then, the design of the product packaging is done where the basic orange color packaging concept and its packaging elements are obtained based analogous theory. A concept testing was done afterwards and revealed that the overall packaging design can meet the needs of consumers with a percentage of fulfillment above 70%.
The Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) effect on plant availability and downtime loss in the process industry
Authors: Khasanah R , Sodikin I , Penirewod A P , Rachmad B , Pratama N A
Published: March 2021

The process industry needs an optimal preventive maintenance strategy because the even breakdown of one machine can cause an unexpected shutdown for the whole production process. The case study company (CSC), one of the fertilizer companies in Indonesia implements Reliability-centered Maintenance (RCM) as their preventive maintenance strategy to decrease downtime and increase the availability of the production plants. Eversince the RCM implementation started in 2007, there is no study to evaluate the RCM implementation. Relations between the two parameters (downtime loss and availability) are analyzed using the Pearson correlation test as a statistical method to evaluate the RCM implementation. The results of the analysis show that the R-value of downtime loss and availability of K-3 Ammonia and Urea plants are increased, while the R-value of K-4 Ammonia and Urea Plants are decreased. The RCM implemented in K-4 plants should be evaluated respectively, because the decreasing of the correlation means the RCM implementation on the plant still has not met its propose and there are stills hidden factors that affect the availability and downtime loss of the plant, regardless the RCM implementation.
Design improvement of pallet in automotive industry
Authors: Bakhtiar A , Puspitasari S A
Published: March 2021

In automotive manufacturing industry, supplies of different parts are required to construct products. Products are manufactured as per a company’s production targets, and in the effort to do so, some that are sent from suppliers must arrive on time and accordingly. The process of delivery incorporates the use of shuttles where parts are packed into pallets and then sent to warehouses. High demand yields high production that implies high trucking costs. The more pallets used in the transport of goods, the more shuttles are used and the higher the trucking costs. Based on observations of problems, the low effectiveness of the transporting process of goods, among others, is factored by the less than maximum pallet design giving rise to unused spaces within shuttles upon shipment.
Eye-hand movement in 3D displays: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Prasetyo Y T , Widyaningrum R
Published: March 2021

Eye-hand movements are two important parameters to evaluate the User Experience (UX) in the stereoscopic display (3D). The current study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to derive the causal relationship between parallax, index of difficulty (ID), eye movement, hand movement, eye index performance (IP eye), and hand index performance (IP hand) simultaneously. 10 participants voluntarily participated in the current study and they were asked to perform a multi-directional Fitts’ Law task in the projection-based stereoscopic display. The results indicated that parallax had significant effects on eye movement time and hand movement time. In addition, ID was found to have significant effects on eye movement time and hand movement time. Interestingly, parallax and ID were found to have significant effects on IP eye, however, no significant effects were found on IP hand. These findings could be very beneficial for UX researchers and projection-based stereoscopic display developers especially in terms of evaluating UX of an interface.
Kansei engineering application in redesigning carica packaging to support local-small industry in Central Java
Authors: Prastawa H , Mahachandra M , Donida D A H
Published: March 2021

Packaging is one of the important elements of product sales. The packaging is one form of branding business of a business party. This study was conducted to apply the principles of Kansei Engineering to packaging products of Carica, one of the MSMEs in Wonosobo. This research was conducted to find out what kind of design desired by consumers of Carica products to encourage them to make purchases of these products. The method used is the Kansei Engineering method which will then be collaborated with the Kano model method and conjoint analysis. Kansei Engineering will help this research in determining what aspects consumers want to feel when they buy a Carica product. After that, using the Kano model principle will be determined categories from each aspect that consumers feel into several parts, namely basic attributes, linear attributes, attractive attributes, and non-significant attributes. Aspects included in the non-significant attribute category are considered not suitable to be used as a new design concept of Carica packaging. Finally, the packaging aspects that consumers want to feel when buying these products will be linked to the new design using conjoint analysis. This research concludes that the new packaging will be square and made of glass and has a label that has a fruit picture and has an orange theme.
IoT based kWh Meter Recorder System for Electrical Substation
Authors: Khozain Moh , Ahmadiyah Adhatus S
Published: March 2021

The plan to abolish the substation operator raises new problems in reading the electrical energy stand, which at present all State Electricity Company units conduct it manually. This paper aims to provide a cost-effective meter data recording system to replace manual reading. The proposed solution is developed using WI-FI based internet of things (IoT) technology. Our proposed solution is implemented as a meter-recording device installed at the substation. Since deployed in December 2018, this tool works very well. Since it actively supports East Java’s performance in the pilot distribution control unit, it can be implemented in other units.
Data analytics in asset valuation under uncertainty: A case study of unexplored oilfields
Authors: Pratikto F R , Indratno S W , Suryadi K D , Santoso D
Published: March 2021

Valuing unexplored oilfields is challenging since it deals with multiple sources of uncertainty and covers a lengthy period. Previous research suggests that the major source of uncertainty in the valuation of unexplored oilfields is reservoir condition. It is usually represented by a bunch of parameters based on which reserve volume and production rates can be estimated. The values of these parameters are revealed only after exploration well is drilled; we refer them as post-discovery parameters. Prior to exploration drilling, data on some reservoir characteristics, called the pre-discovery parameters, are available. This research aims to develop a model to estimate the probability distribution of post-discovery parameters based on pre-discovery data. The model is data-driven, built using the database of proven reservoirs. We use the Bayesian network to develop the model and apply the k-fold cross validation to test the results. By adding a window parameter to the target variable, the model provides information regarding the trade-off between accuracy and confidence. In general, compared to the initial model that uses a priori clustering based on the reservoir’s lithology and depth, our Bayesian network model produces lower variances.
Integration lean manufacturing and 6R to reduce wood waste in furniture company toward circular economy
Authors: Hartini S , Wicaksono P A , M D Rizal A , Hamdi M
Published: March 2021

The furniture industry is suspected to have triggered global warming. The need for wood as raw material becomes a necessity for cutting down trees. The concept of a circular economy aims to reduce the use of natural resources by utilizing production waste or post-use product waste into raw materials. One strategy that can be used to support the circular economy is by implementing 6R. The application of 6R in a circular economic perspective on the furniture industry will be interesting to do. This study uses value stream mapping as a lean manufacturing analysis tool to identify furniture company waste. Value stream mapping is developed by integrating green manufacturing indicators such as material consumption and waste management. Practically, the furniture company can find out the map of production waste so that it can utilize waste as raw material for derivative products as an effort to reduce tree felling. Theoretically, this research will enrich the integration of green-value stream mapping toward the circular economy by implementing the 6R strategy in furniture companies. Reuse wood waste as a raw material for a variety of table products can reduce the amount of wood waste while reducing the resources of wood logs.
How sustainable are flexible and rigid pavement? A Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) approach
Authors: Hatmoko J U D , Lendra L
Published: March 2021

The number of road construction projects continues to grow, potentially causing more impacts on the environment. This research analyses the impacts of road construction projects of flexible and rigid pavement by adopting the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) approach, and by means of the Eco-Indicator 99 (EI99). The impact values at the production, construction and maintenance stages for the flexible pavement are 86.60 kPt (49.34%), 65.40 (37.26%) and 23.50 kPt (13.39%), while for the rigid pavement equals 47.70 kPt (60.46%), 31.20 (39.54%) and 0 kPt (0%), respectively. It is smaller than the flexible pavement, i.e. 175.50 kPt and 78.9 kPt, respectively. The results of the EI99 show the impact values of the flexible pavement from the aspects of human health, ecosystem quality, and resources are 11.99 kPt (6.83%), 2.17 kPt (1.24%), and 161.40 kPt (91.93%), while for the rigid pavement of 29.49 kPt (37.43%), 37.80 kPt (4.79%), and 45.54 kPt (57.78%), respectively. The total impact value of the three aspects of the rigid pavement is 78.9 kPt, which is smaller than, and worth 45% of the flexible pavement of 175.50 kPt. It can be concluded that the rigid pavement can be considered more sustainable than flexible pavement.
Automated fish feeding system for an offshore aquaculture unit
Authors: Karningsih P D , Kusumawardani R , Syahroni N , Mulyadi Y , Saad M S B M
Published: March 2021

One of the major challenges in aquaculture is fish feeding management. Inappropriate feeding practices could threat the fish’s growth and health, may lead to negative environment impact due to excess food contamination, and more importantly high operations cost. This study is aiming at proposing a fish feeding management system for OceanFarmITS, an offshore aquaculture unit designed by Marine Research Centre of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya. One of the most commercially popular fish, Tiger grouper is selected to be cultivated in OceanFarmITS pilot project. The fish feeding management systems include fish feeding arrangement and fish feeder system that is customized specifically to OceanFarmITS operations nature. Automatic fish feeder is an alternative to solve existing feeding problems such us inefficiency of conventional or manual feeding. The proposed system consists of a control system using microcontroller Arduino board to receive data from sensors then send the instruction to the motor driver. Moreover, it has alarm system that sends notification to Aquaculture operator when food storage in silo tank has reached a limit level. The proposed design of feeding system would support operations of OceanFarmITS to conduct feeding activity efficiently by minimizing operations cost and environmental impact while keep fish optimal growth.
Development of virtual laboratory applications based on virtual reality using the requirements engineering method
Authors: Saptadi S , Arliawan M A , Nurkertamanda D , Widharto Y , Wicaksono P A
Published: March 2021

The virtual laboratory application that has been designed in Industrial Engineering Department of Diponegoro University can simulate several work operations on turning machines as well as the introduction of tools to the work process bench. In addition to these aspects, applications that have been designed also do not provide a virtual environment that has complete equipment such as in a production system laboratory. Another drawback is that there is no usage guide in the form of a video tutorial for an initial understanding of users when operating a work operation on a turning machine. In practice, mistakes still occur frequently in working on turning machines. According to students, errors often occur due to a lack of understanding from students themselves even though virtual reality tools have been provided in the training of turning machine operations. Based on that problem this research tries to develop virtual laboratory using the Requirement Engineering method and HTC VIVE Pro Full Kit hardware that can correct the shortcomings of the previous development. The output of this research is a virtual reality-based virtual laboratory application that has been tested and evaluated by considering several aspects such as interaction, visualization, information, reusability, performance, and reliability.
The virtual laboratory for turning machine operations using the goal-directed design method in the production system laboratory as simulation devices
Authors: Widharto Y , Tahqiqi M R , Nurkertamanda D , Saptadi S , Wicaksono P A
Published: March 2021

Virtual laboratory is an interactive learning media that is more effective than conventional media. The implementation and development of the virtual laboratory technology was carried out in the production system laboratory of the Industrial Engineering Department. This is an improvement effort from previous research that still has some shortcomings, especially in aspects of user interaction with the virtual environment. This development is increasingly important because of the frequency of human error when practical activities are running. The development of this virtual laboratory follows the ADDIE model which includes the process of analyzing, designing, developing, implementation, and evaluation. The method for developing virtual laboratories is carried out using the principle of Goal-Directed Design which focuses on user goals. GDD consists of several phases, namely research, modeling, requirements definition, framework definition, refinement, and development support. The output of this method is a virtual laboratory application that has been created with a unity 3D game engine and will be installed on HTC Vive Pro hardware. Evaluation is carried out using a Likert scale by considering aspects of evaluating functional and non-functional requirements. Functional aspects consist of aspects of interaction, visualization, and information. Nonfunctional aspects consist of aspects of usability, performance, and reliability.
NO2gas sensor properties of In2O3-CuO Nanocomposite thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis
Authors: Hmeed Abd alhameed A. , Al-Jumaili Hamid S.
Published: March 2021

The NO2gas sensor was synthesized from In2O3-CuO Nanocomposite thin films, deposited on glass substrate, with different mixing ratios (5, 15)Vol% of copper oxide, by chemical spray pyrolysis technique, at 400°C. The X-ray diffraction results showed that all the prepared films are polycrystalline, crystalline size in the range of (27.9 - 13.79 nm) with mixed ratio from 0 -15 Vol% of CuO respectively. From atomic force microscopy (AFM), the grain size ranged from (107.5 - 52.35 nm), and the prepared films have average roughness of (3.13-17.7 nm). The results of (UV-visible spectrometer) showed that the prepared films have high transmittance, and direct energy gap (3.5 -3.15) eV. The prepared films showed a high sensitivity to NO2with a concentration of 193ppm. For the unmixed films, the sensitivity reached (89.77%) with an equal response and recovery times of (24s), at 200°C operating temperature. The mixture thin films gave less sensitivity than unmixed indium oxide thin films.