bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case studies in antelope aggression control using a GnRH agonist
Authors: Penfold L.M. , Ball R. , Burden I. , Jöchle W. , Citino S.B. , Monfort S.L. , Wielebnowski N.
Published: October 2002

Maintaining surplus captive male antelope in bachelor groups can result in aggression in some species, leading to injury or death. Suppressing endogenous testosterone using gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs has been used in primates to control aggressive behavior, but little information is available on the use of GnRH analogs in nondomestic ruminant species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a slow‐release GnRH agonist (deslorelin) on circulating hormone concentrations, semen and sperm characteristics and behavior in male gerenuk, dorcas gazelle, and scimitar horned oryx. Body weight, testicular volume, circulating hormone concentrations, ejaculate traits, and behavior were recorded before and during deslorelin treatment. A GnRH challenge (with serial blood sampling) was administered to gerenuk and dorcas gazelles before and during GnRH analog treatment. Quantitative behavioral data were collected for gerenuk and dorcas gazelles for 30 min three times a week, starting 1 month before deslorelin treatment, and the mean incidence of combined aggressive behaviors (supplanting, foreleg kicking, sparring, marking, and mounting) was compared before and during deslorelin treatment. No statistical difference (P>0.05) in body weight, semen volume, sperm concentration, percent sperm motility, percent sperm plasma membrane integrity, or percent normal sperm morphology was found before or during deslorelin treatment. The characteristic rise in luteinizing hormone (LH), occurring ∼10 min following administration of a GnRH challenge in untreated males, was not evident during deslorelin treatment, although tonic LH concentrations were maintained. No differences (P>0.05) in the mean incidence of any aggressive behavioral traits in gerenuk or dorcas gazelle were detected before and during deslorelin. The absence of a GnRH‐induced increase in serum LH in treated males indicated that deslorelin suppressed pituitary responsiveness to endogenous GnRH, but that the continued tonic production of LH was sufficient to maintain testosterone production, aggressive behavior, and subsequent semen production. Zoo Biol 21:435–448, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Propranolol Inhibits Hyphal Development in
Candida albicans
Authors: Baker Carol A. , Desrosiers Kevin , Dolan Joseph W.
Published: October 2002

Propranolol was used to investigate the role of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol in the dimorphic transition in
Candida albicans
. Propranolol was able to inhibit the appearance of germ tubes without decreasing growth rate. Data suggest that inhibition of morphogenesis may be due to binding by propranolol of PA derived from PLD1 hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine.
Clinical Strain of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Carrying a
bla
TEM-21
Gene Located on a Chromosomal Interrupted Tn
A
Type Transposon
Authors: Dubois Véronique , Arpin Corinne , Noury Patrick , Quentin Claudine
Published: October 2002

A clinical isolate of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
was found to produce a clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum β-lactamase with a pI of 6.4. PCR, cloning, and sequencing experiments showed that the corresponding
bla
TEM-21
gene was part of a chromosomally located Tn
801
transposon disrupted by an IS
6100
element and adjacent to an
aac(3)-II
gene.
In-air and underwater vocalizations of eastern Canadian harbour seals,Phoca vitulina
Authors: Van Parijs Sofie M , Kovacs Kit M
Published: October 2002

Harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, have long been thought to be one of the least vocal pinniped species both in air and under water. However, recent studies have shown that males use underwater vocalizations intensively during the mating season. In air, harbour seals are still thought to be relatively silent. In this study we describe the vocal repertoire of Eastern Canadian harbour seals during the breeding season. Harbour seals from this area produced seven vocalization types in air and one vocalization type under water. In-air vocalizations are predominantly used by adult males during agonistic interactions. Other sex and age classes also vocalize, but less frequently. Nearest neighbour responses to in-air vocalizations were primarily agonistic when any age or sex class vocalized. In this study, seals produced an underwater roar vocalization closely resembling that produced by adult males during the mating season at other sites. Eastern Canadian harbour seals appear to be considerably more vocal when hauled out than is the norm for this species at other sites around the world.
The subantarctic fur seal pup switches its begging behaviour during maternal absence
Authors: Charrier Isabelle , Mathevon Nicolas , Hassnaoui Mohammed , Carraro Laurent , Jouventin Pierre
Published: October 2002

Begging signals from the young are used to elicit parental care. Although honest and parent-directed signalling seems to be widely shared characteristic of begging behaviour, offspring might modify their strategy under some ecological or environmental constraints. In the subantarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis, mothers forage at sea for 23 weeks at a time throughout the lactation period, resulting in regular separations of mothers and pups. Using playback experiments we investigated modifications of pups' begging behaviour during their mother's absence. From the 1st to the 5th day of maternal absence, pups rarely begged in response to other adult females' vocalizations (17.646.7% of tested pups), but always responded specifically to their mother's. After its mother had been absent for 510 days, the pup's response to playback of strange females' calls was stronger (4669% of tested pups), but the specificity of the response to the mother remained. However, after the 11th day of maternal absence, pups become highly responsive to calls made by any adult female (up to 37% of tested pups). The variation in responsiveness of fur seal pups during their mother's absence may be explained by changes in their motivational state that were linked to their internal nutritional balance.
PHOTON EMISSION BY AN ULTRA-RELATIVISTIC PARTICLE CHANNELING IN A PERIODICALLY BENT CRYSTAL
Authors: KOROL ANDREI V , SOLOV'YOV ANDREY V , GREINER WALTER
Published: October 2002

This paper is devoted to a detailed analysis of the new type of undulator radiation generated by an ultra-relativistic charged particle channeling along a crystal plane, which is periodically bent by a transverse acoustic wave, as well as to the conditions limiting the observation of this phenomenon. This mechanism makes feasible the generation of electromagnetic radiation, both spontaneous and stimulated, emitted in a wide range of the photon energies, from X- up to γ-rays.
DYNAMIC JELLIUM MODEL FOR METALLIC CLUSTERS
Authors: GERCHIKOV LEONID G. , SOLOV'YOV ANDREY V. , GREINER WALTER
Published: October 2002

We have developed a dynamic jellium model for metallic clusters, which treats simultaneously the vibrational modes of the ionic jellium background in a cluster, the quantized electron motion and the interaction between the electronic and the ionic subsystems beyond the adiabatic approximation. Using this model, we have calculated the widths of electron excitations in metal clusters in the vicinity of the plasmon resonance caused by the multiphonon transitions and investigated their temperature dependence. We estimated the decay time and the energy relaxation time of electron excitations in metal clusters.
LPS-induced platelet response and rapid shock in mice: contribution of O-antigen region of LPS and involvement of the lectin pathway of the complement system
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Ohtaki Yuko , Yamaguchi Kouji , Matsushita Misao , Fujita Teizo , Yokochi Takashi , Takada Haruhiko , Endo Yasuo
Published: October 2002

Intravenous injection of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice induces a rapid accumulation of platelets in the lung and liver. When degradation of the accumulated platelets occurs, anaphylactoid shock follows rapidly, the severity of the shock paralleling the quantity of platelets accumulated in the lung. Here we examined the contributions made by LPS structure and the complement system to the platelet response to LPS. BALB/c mice were injected with an LPS fromEscherichia coli O8, O9, O111, or K-12, or from recombinant mutants of K-12. The O-regions of the O8 and O9 LPSs consist of a mannose homopolysaccharide (MHP), while that of O111 consists of a heteropolysaccharide (not including mannose), and K-12 LPS lacks an O-region. O111 LPS was devoid of the ability to induce the platelet response or shock, while the ability of K-12 LPS was weak. The 2 recombinant LPSs—each having an O-region (from O8 or O9) linked to K-12 LPS—exhibited activities similar to or stronger than those of their original LPSs. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) complexed with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) bound strongly to LPSs containing MHP and caused C4 activation. Moreover, the abilities of these LPSs to activate the complement system corresponded well with their abilities to induce the platelet response and rapid shock. These results suggest that the structure of the O-antigen region is important for the platelet response to LPS, and that activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system is involved in this response.
Rituximab in the treatment of acquired factor VIII inhibitors
Authors: Wiestner Adrian , Cho Hearn J. , Asch Adam S. , Michelis Mary Ann , Zeller Jack A. , Peerschke Ellinor I. B. , Weksler Babette B. , Schechter Geraldine P.
Published: October 2002

Autoantibodies against factor VIII (FVIII) are rare but can cause life-threatening bleeding requiring costly factor replacement and prolonged immunosuppression. We report 4 consecutively treated patients whose acquired FVIII inhibitors responded rapidly to immunosuppressive regimens that included rituximab, a monoclonal antibody against CD20+ B cells. Three patients had spontaneously occurring inhibitors. The fourth, a patient with mild hemophilia A, developed both an autoantibody and an alloantibody following recombinant FVIII treatment. Pretreatment FVIII activities ranged from less than 1% to 4% and inhibitor titers from 5 to 60 Bethesda units (BU). One patient with polymyalgia rheumatica who developed the inhibitor while receiving prednisone responded to single agent rituximab. The hemophilia patient had rapid resolution of the autoantibody, whereas the alloantibody persisted for months. Responses continue off treatment from more than 7 to more than 12 months. This report adds to the growing evidence that rituximab has efficacy in immune disorders resulting from autoantibody formation.
Bilateral basal-cell adenomas in the parotid glands
Authors: Katsuno Satoshi , Ishii Keiko , Otsuka Akihiro , Ezawa Susumu , Usami Shin-Ichi
Published: October 2002

A rare case of bilateral basal-cell adenomas in the parotid glands of a 65-year-old woman is reported. There have been only four previous reported cases of bilateral parotid basal-cell adenomas, all of which occurred synchronously with dermal cylindromas. The present lesion is the first case reported in the English literature of bilateral parotid basal-cell adenoma without coexisting dermal cylindroma. Histological examination revealed that the left tumour had adenoid cystic change, which closely resembled adenoid cystic carcinoma. This case is of interest not only because of the raity of bilateral parotid basal-cell adenomas, but also because of the necessity for differentiation from adenoid cystic carcinoma in order to plan appropriate treatment.
Computerized cochlear implant database system
Authors: Ray J. , Gray R. F.
Published: October 2002

In an environment of clinical governance with increased demands for accountability it is very important that accurate, reliable and secure data records be maintained for easy retrieval, analysis and presentation when required. A database is a very versatile tool for this purpose. We describe here our experience in designing a database for cochlear implant patients in Cambridge, together with guidance for prospective designers in their chosen sub-speciality.
Pharyngeal pouch and polymyositis: association and implications for aetiology of Zenker’s diverticulum
Authors: Georgalas Christos , Baer Simon T.
Published: October 2002

A case of pharyngeal (Zenker’s) pouch in a patient suffering from polymyositis is presented. Although dysphagia is a recognized manifestation of polymyositis, in this unique case it was caused by a pharyngeal pouch. The aetiology of Zenker’s diverticulum is discussed in the light of this unexpected association.
Parotid nodular fasciitis in a mobile phone user
Authors: Pereira Clifford , Edwards Michael
Published: October 2002

We describe the first case of nodular fasciitis affecting the deep lobe of the parotid gland in a 39 – year-old male telephone engineer and its possible association with the high usage of mobile phones.
A traumatic ossicular disruption successfully repaired with n-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive
Authors: Adamson Richard M. , Jeannon J. P. , Stafford F.
Published: October 2002

Tissue adhesives have been available and in use for more than 40 years. They have, however, never been popular for ossiculoplasty because of the reported excessive inflammatory reaction and ototoxicity. The authors present a case of ossicular disruption successfully repaired with tissue adhesive and review the literature.
The role of radiation in delayed hearing loss in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Gibb Alan G. , Loh Kwok Seng
Published: October 2002

Although radiation damage to the inner ear can be induced experimentally in animals, its incidence in humans as a complication of therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains a matter of conjecture due to inadequate histological validation. A case of advanced NPC with a mixed conductive and neurosensory hearing loss is presented that at necropsy showed tumour invasion of the VIIIth cranial nerve in the internal auditory meatus with associated infection. The architecture of the organ of Corti was well-preserved despite heavy doses of radiation but degeneration, the cause of which could not be substantiated, was present in the auditory nerve pathway. A diagnosis of radiation damage to the end-organ of hearing in the absence of supporting histological evidence should be made with caution.
Acute purulent thyroiditis with retropharyngeal and retrotracheal abscesses
Authors: Chrobok Victor , Celakovsky Petr , Nunez-Fernandez David , Simakova Eva
Published: October 2002

An unusual case of acute purulent thyroiditis in a 45-year-old man forming a large abscess in the left lobe of the thyroid gland is described. It perforated the capsule at the posterior wall of the thyroid, causing extensive retropharyngeal and retrotracheal abscesses. The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical excision of the infected tissues. He has remained well one year after the operation.
Window on the Ear: Barbara Hepworth and the Fenestration Series of Drawings
Authors: Booth John B.
Published: October 2002

In November 1943, one of Barbara Hepworth’s daughters (Sarah, one of triplets) developed osteomyelitis of the thigh. This necessitated operation and subsequent treatment at the Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre in Exeter by Mr. Norman Capener. Artist and surgeon subsequently became friends and she encouraged his activities as a ‘weekend sculptor’. At his invitation she came to the hospital in November 1947 watching him in out-patients but more particularly in the operating theatre; other visits to London and Exeter followed. These studies of orthopaedic procedures form the great majority of Hepworth’s sixty-plus hospital drawings/paintings but there is also a small group of six paintings involving an operation on the ear made in April and May 1948. The link between these two and the introduction to the ear surgeon, Mr Garnett Passe, is unclear.

Five of the paintings of the ear operation are still in circulation but there is also a sketchbook containing no fewer than 28 drawings. A selection of the sketches together with the fenestration series of paintings will be discussed and also the relationship with the surgeon, Mr Garnett Passe.
Neural fibrolipoma: an unusual case
Authors: Thornton  , O’Leary  , Fitzgibbon
Published: October 2002

A 45-year-old gentleman presented with a diffuse left neck mass. Surgical exploration revealed a large lipomatous lesion. Histological examination identified this to be a neural fibrolipoma. This is the first reported case of this lesion in the neck.
Electronystagmography: how helpful is it?
Authors: Bakr Mohamed , Saleh
Published: October 2002

Two hundred and sixty patients tested with electronystagmography (ENG) for evaluation of complaints of disequilibrium were the representative sample for this study. As all new dizzy patients currently receive an ENG, the goal of this project was to determine how much an ENG adds to the diagnostic acumen, and which patients really needed an ENG in order to maximize efficiency and minimize patient cost. Results indicate the suspected diagnosis prior to ENG is assisted by its use only when the cause is thought to be central or is uncertain. The percentage of unknown causes of disequilibrium decreased from 34.2 to 13.8 per cent and the percentage of central causes increased from 13.1 to 23.1 per cent. Electronystagmography does not significantly aid in the diagnosis of peripheral lesions except as confirmation. Specific findings and recommendations are discussed.
Optimum management of inverted papilloma
Authors: Lund Valerie
Published: October 2002

Surgery offers the optimum modality of treatment for inverted papilloma although a considerable range of operative approaches have been described. The results are presented in a cohort of 37 cases treated by both endoscopic and combined endoscopic and external approaches with a recurrence rate of eight and 21 per cent respectively. This series is compared with those in the literature and demonstrates that it is extent of disease which primarily determines the choice of surgical approach, with previous treatment, individual patient factors and surgical expertise as secondary determinants.
Cranial neuropathy following curative chemotherapy and radiotherapy for carcinoma of the nasopharynx
Authors: Kang Matt Y. , Holland John M. , Stevens Kenneth R.
Published: October 2002

Cranial nerve damage following head and neck radiotherapy is an unusual event. Cranial neuropathy following concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy is unreported. The authors report a case of a 54-year-old man treated with curative chemotherapy and radiotherapy for a stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma who developed an unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy five years after therapy. Follow-up examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show no evidence of recurrent disease. Hypoglossal nerve injury occurring after head and neck radiotherapy is an indirect effect due to progressive soft tissue fibrosis and loss of vascularity. This process develops over years leading to nerve entrapment and permanent damage. Cranial nerve palsies, including damage to the hypoglossal nerve, can develop years after therapy with no evidence of tumour recurrence. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have improved progression-free and overall survival in advanced nasopharyngeal cancer. As more patients achieve long-term tumour control following chemotherapy and radiotherapy, we must be cognizant of potential late injury to cranial nerves.
Excision of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma facilitated by intra-operative 3D-image guidance
Authors: Murray A. , Falconer M. , McGarry G. W.
Published: October 2002

The latest 3D-image guidance systems to assist surgeons have greatly improved over earlier models. We describe the use of an optical infra-red system to assist in the removal of a juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. The specific advantages of this system in pre-operative assessment, intra-operative evaluation and excision of the angiofibroma are discussed.
A prospective study of nasal disease in adult cystic fibrosis
Authors: Raj P. , Stableforth D. E. , Morgan D. W.
Published: October 2002

Twenty-six adult cystic fibrosis patients were studied to compare nasal disease with their laboratory correlates including skin testing, immunoglobulin and Aspergillus fumigatus precipitin levels, saccharin testing and sputum cultures. Six patients were asymptomatic and all of these had negative skin tests, normal IgE levels and negative Aspergillus fumigatus precipitins. Thirteen patients had rhinitis, 12 had positive skin-testing for common allergens, 10 elevated IgE levels and nine positive Aspergillus fumigatus precipitins. Seven patients had polyps, all had normal IgE levels and negative Aspergillus fumigatus precipitins, six had positive skin testing for common allergens. There also appeared to be a relationship between Pseudomonas spp. colonization and positive skin testing.
Lipoma in fossa of Rosenmüller
Authors: Kalan A. , Ahmed-Shuaib A. , Tariq M.
Published: October 2002

We report the first case of a lipoma originating in the fossa of Rosenmu¨ ller. Although lipomas are a common benign tumour in the body, lipomas of the nasopharynx are rare.
Pleomorphic adenoma involving the stylomastoid foramen
Authors: D’Souza Alwyn R. , Fenton John E. , O’Dwyer Taghg P.
Published: October 2002

A rare case of an intratemporal pleomorphic adenoma is presented and the management of such a tumour is discussed. Some anatomical aspects of the facial nerve, pertinent to the pathophysiology of facial paralysis are outlined. This case demonstrates that tumour extension into the temporal bone can be resected successfully at initial surgery with excellent facial nerve functional outcome. We advocate exploration of the fallopian canal to be carried out at primary surgery and be performed by a surgeon familiar with the surgical anatomy of the intratemporal segment of the facial nerve. This approach will reduce the risk of facial nerve injury and palsy both at surgery and subsequently.
Bacterial coating with immunoglobulins on the palatine tonsils during infectious mononucleosis: immunocytochemical study with gold markers
Authors: Stenfors Lars-Eric , Bye Helga-Marie , Räisänen Simo
Published: October 2002

Epithelial cells and bacteria were sampled from the tonsillar surfaces of seven patients (six males, one female; median age 16 years, range 10 to 21 years) suffering from acute infectious mononucleosis with concomitant pharyngotonsillitis. By using gold-labelled antiserum to human IgG and secretory IgA (sIgA), micro-organisms on the tonsillar surfaces coated with these immunoglobulins could be identified by tracing the gold particles in the transmission electron microscope. The patients harboured significantly fewer bacteria coated with immunoglobulins than did healthy controls. More bacteria were coated with IgG immunoglobulins than with sIgA. Reduced immunoglobulin-coating of the bacteria on the tonsillar surfaces during infectious mononucleosis can explain their tendency to immense local colonization and proneness to penetrate into the epithelial cells.
Clinical features of pharyngeal cancer: a retrospective study of 258 consecutive patients
Authors: Uzcudun A. Escribano , Fernández P. Bravo , Sánchez J. J. , Grande A. García , Retolaza I. Rabanal , Barón M. González , Bouzas J. Gavilán
Published: October 2002

Pharyngeal cancer still presents an unsatisfactory mortality (30-40 per cent in most series, with a slightly better prognosis for nasopharyngeal cancer relative to both oropharyngeal and hypophyarngeal cancers) despite advances in treatment. Therefore, it is critical to know the clinical features of pharyngeal cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most relevant clinical features of pharyngeal cancer (oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal) in order to improve knowledge of this malignancy with the aim of ameliorating diagnosis and treatment.

The retrospective study was based on a review of medical records from 258 consecutive patients with pharyngeal cancer (oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) diagnosed at La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, between January 1 1991 and and December 31 1995. Medical records were provided by the Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Radiation Oncology, and Medical Oncology.

All medical records were analysed for the following clinical variables: 1) incidence, 2) sociodemographics, 3) sites (oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx) and subsites, 4) clinical and histological staging, 5) pathlogy, 6) presenting symptoms, 7) time to diagnosis, 8) patients’ general performance status at diagnosis, 9) personal cancer history and synchronous head and neck tumours, 10) premalignant lesions, and 11) paediatric cases.

Our most outstanding finding was the excessively long time that elapsed between first clinical manifestation appearance and conclusive diagnosis of pharyngeal cancer (4.7 months for pharynx, 4.5 for oropharynx, 4.4 for hypopharynx and 6.5 for nasopharynx cancers). It was found that nasopharyngeal cancer was quite different from both oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers with respect to its potential aetiology, risk factors and clinical presentation. In addition it has a better prognosis.
Per oral awake flexible fibre-optic laryngoscopy in the investigation of children with stridor without respiratory distress
Authors: Kayaykar R. , Gray R. F.
Published: October 2002

Use of rigid direct larygnoscopy (RDL) in the investigation of stridor in children is well recognized. This study presents awake flexible fibre-optic laryngoscopy (FFL) as the first line in investigation of children, under six months of age, who present with stridor without any associated respiratory distress. Using the per oral approach the procedures were conducted either in the out-patient department or in the ward. No anaesthesia, local or general, nor sedation was used. Of the 20 cases included in the study, in 16 (80 per cent) cases a working diagnosis was reached on awake FFL. Eleven had laryngomalacia, two subglottic stenosis, one glottic web and two were normal. Only four (20 per cent) cases needed RDL to reach a definitive diagnosis. There were no problems with the maintenance of the airway during the procedure. It is particularly useful in the diagnosis of functional abnormalities of the larynx, such as laryngomalacia and vocal fold palsies. Awake FFL using the per oral approach is a safe and reliable technique for reaching a working diagnosis in approximately 80 per cent of cases.
Computerized tomography is not reliable in the diagnosis of brainstem infection
Authors: Walshe Peter , Brennan Paul , Walsh Michael , McConn Walsh Rory
Published: October 2002

The case of a 17-year-old girl who presented with a two-day history of absolute dysphagia secondary to a bulbar palsy due to a pre-pontine abscess is described. Rigid oesophagoscopy was normal and a neurology consultation suggested a central cause for her dysphagia. However the diagnosis was delayed because a computed tomography (CT) scan of her brain and brainstem was reported as normal. A subsequent magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan revealed a pre-pontine abscess. CT scanning is not as reliable as MRI in the diagnosis of infective lesions of the brainstem/brain, especially early in the course of the infection.
Pneumocystis carinii infection in bilateral aural polyps in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient
Authors: Praveen C. V. , Terry R. M. , Elmahallawy M. , Horsfield C.
Published: October 2002

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic infection found in patients with impaired immunity. Under favourable conditions the parasite can spread via the blood stream or lymphatic vessels and cause extrapulmonary dissemination. We report a case of P carinii infection presenting as bilateral aural polyps, otitis media and mastoiditis in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-positive patient with no history of prior or concomitant P carinii infection.
An unusual cause of epistaxis: a haemophilic pseudotumour in a non-haemophiliac, arising in a paranasal sinus
Authors: Stevenson D. S. , Keast A. T.
Published: October 2002

Most cases of epistaxis are due to simple causes and are easily treated on an out-patient basis. However, there are some cases where the origin of bleeding is not obvious or arises from an unusual pathological source. The authors describe a case of epistaxis due to a mass in the maxillary antrum that when biopsied showed the histological appearances of a haemophilic pseudotumour. The patient was anticoagulated on warfarin for a cardiac valve replacement and this was thought to be the cause of the ongoing haemorrhage necessary for development of the pseudotumour. Even in haemophiliacs, pseudotumours are rare and we believe this case is unique in that the patient is a non-haemophiliac. The epistaxis was eventually controlled by external beam radiotherapy to the pseudotumour. The management of this case is outlined as well as a review of the literature on haemophilic pseudotumour.
Randomized trial on the treatment of oedematous acute otitis externa using ear wicks or ribbon gauze: clinical outcome and cost
Authors: Pond Franklin , McCarty Dan , O’Leary Stephen
Published: October 2002

Acute otitis externa is a common condition that can be extremely painful. When there is considerable canal oedema, packing is necessary to facilitate the passage of medication. The experience at the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital is that ear wicks generally require removal in two to three days by medical staff and can be labour intensive as they often involve serial removals following re-insertions. Alternatively, medicated ribbon gauze is cheap and can be removed by the patient at home. Ear wick and mediated ribbon gauze were investigated by a prospective randomized trial involving 94 patients.

Fewer out-patient visits were required for the ribbon gauze group (two vs. three, p<0.0001) with considerably less material and labour costs than the wick group. Similar resolution rates were achieved (70 per cent vs. 64 per cent, p = 0.58). Following development of guidelines, theproportion of otitis externa patient reviews in the accident and emergency department declined from 49 per cent to 36 per cent.

Compared with the ear wick, medicated ribbon gauze is a cost-effective method of treating oedematous acute otitis externa.
Measurement of adult vocal fold length
Authors: Su Mao-Chang , Yeh Te-Huei , Tan Ching-Ting , Lin Chia-Der , Linne Oan-Che , Lee Shiann-Yann
Published: October 2002

Laryngeal photographs from 165 Taiwanese subjects were taken during microlaryngoscopy. Photographs of the vocal fold during the open phase were chosen. For measuring the vocal fold length, both the photograph of a ruler and the larynx were taken under the operating microscope, thus forming a ‘new scale’. Photographs of the vocal fold and the ruler were then processed at the same power of magnification. The length of the vocal folds was measured with the ‘new scale’. In 100 patients receivingdirect laryngoscopy under neuroleptic anaesthesia, the vocal fold length was 14.6 ± 1.2 mm (n = 35) for males and 11.1 ± 1.0 mm (n = 65) for females. In 65 patients under general anaesthesia, the vocal fold length was 15.3 ± 1.6 mm (n = 23) for males and 13.5 ± 1.3 mm (n = 42) for females. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between both groups and both sexes. Elongation of the vocal fold under general rather than neuroleptic anaesthesia may be important when performing functional surgery of the vocal fold.
Management of incus dislocation by physiological repositioning of the incus
Authors: Mills Robert , Starritt Nicola
Published: October 2002

Data have been collected prospectively from 11 patients (12 affected ears) with traumatic disruption of the ossicular chain. Isolated dislocation of the incus is the most common finding in our cases, but two had stapes arch features and two had fractures of the tympanic bone. The most common cause of the injuries was a road traffic accident. We describe a technique designed to reposition the incus in its physiological position. This involves a combination of a tympanotomy and a posterior approach to the attic region. The results in five patients (six ears) treated in this way are presented.
Syringomyelia and bilateral vocal fold palsy
Authors: Abraham-Igwe C. , Ahmad I. , O’Connell J. , Chavda S. V.
Published: October 2002

This is a case of a 35-year-old who had complained of noisy breathing for 15 years, and had been on treatment for ‘chronic asthma’. She presented to the Accident and Emergency department with an acute episode of difficulty with breathing, and on admission was found to have stridor and bilateral abductor vocal fold palsy. Further workup revealed a syringomyelia with an associated Chiari type 1 malformation. It is important to consider the above diagnosis in the differential of young adults with breathing difficulties. A discussion of syringomyelia, Chiai malformations and bilateral vocal fold palsy follows.
Schwannoma (neurilemmoma) of the facial nerve presenting as a parotid mass
Authors: Öncel S. , Önal K. , Ermete M. , Uluç E.
Published: October 2002

A 32-year-old male presented with a mass in the parotid gland. Superficial parotidectomy was performed. Histopathologically the tumour was found to be schwannoma (neurilemmoma) and because this is unusual, the case is presented together with the histopathological findings.
A century of citation classics in otolaryngology—head and neck surgery journals
Authors: Fenton J. E. , Roy D. , Hughes J. P. , Jones A. S.
Published: October 2002

The Science Citation Index (SCI) was introduced primarily as a method of information retrieval but has also been used an objective measure of the quality of an article. Citation classics have been described as papers that have been cited 100 times or more. The aim of this study was to identify the articles published during the 20th century in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery journals that have achieved classic citation status and to present an analysis of this data. Using a database provided by the Institute of Scientific Information (Philadelphia, PA), an assessment was performed of all articles cited 100 or more times in one of the 28 clinical otolaryngology-head and neck journals indexed by the annual Journal Citation Reports. The data were based on citation counts using the 1900 through 1999 Science Citation Index. Institutions located in 10 different countries produced 80 noteworthy articles. The most-cited paper achieved a citation score of 406 and there were 11 articles cited on more than 200 occasions. All of the articles were published in eight journals. The earliest identified publication was in 1933 and the most recent was published in 1993. Twenty authors were involved in two articles and four authors were associated with three classic citations. This paper confirms that analysing citation classics reveals a partial insight into advances and historical developments in the specialty during the last century.
Clarion 1.2® standard electrode array with partial space-filling positioner: radiological and histological evaluation in human temporal bones
Authors: Richter Bernhard , Aschendorff Antje , Lohnstein Petra , Husstedt Hartmut , Nagursky Heiner , Laszig Roland
Published: October 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether use of a positioner for situating the Clarion 1.2® standard electrode array in close proximity to the modiolus, causes damage to fine intra-cochlear structures, and to provide a comparison with results obtained for insertions of the array performed without a positioner. The study was performed in seven freshly frozen human temporal bones. Electrode location and intra-cochlear trauma was analysed using cross-sectional imaging and histological analysis. Insertion of the Clarion® array did not reveal major trauma. The devices inserted with the positioner showed a consistently closer location of the electron array towards the modiolus, however, insertion resulted in significant displacement of both the electrode array and the positioner resulting in severe destruction of the basilar membrane and osseous spiral lamina along the length of the basal and middle turns. The devices inserted with the positioner resulted in major trauma to the basilar membrane and osseous spiral lamina. Therefore, systematic safety studies in larger samples of human temporal bones should be performed and the results carefully evaluated before implantation can be recommended unreservedly.
Cartilage-sparing otoplasty: Our experience
Authors: Vital Victor , Printza Athanasia
Published: October 2002

Prominent ears are the most frequent congenital deformity in the head and neck area. Otoplasty has undergone important developments and numerous techniques have been employed to address the anatomical defects, namely the lack of antihelix and the overdevelopment of the concha. We present a cartilage-sparing technique involving scapha – conchal sutures insertion to recreate the antihelix, conchal setback and cartilage weakening. No cartilage is excised. Prior to creating the antihelix, the medial surface of the cartilage is superficially scored. Occasionally a tangential excision of the posterior prominence of the cartilage prior to the placement of set back sutures is employed for an excessively large conchal bowl. A series of 86 consecutive patients underwent otoplasty with this technique. According to our experience the described technique gives good and predictable long-term results with a natural-appearing ear. Significant complications are rare. In case of loss of correction, revisional surgery is straightforward on the intact pinna cartilage.
Lateral rhinotomy through nasal aesthetic subunits. Improved cosmetic outcome
Authors: Hussain A. , Hilmi O. J. , Murray D. P.
Published: October 2002

The traditional lateral rhinotomy incision described originally by Moure in 1902 has proved a versatile approach to the mid-facial skeleton. It is not, however, without its complications, particularly poor cosmesis due to depression of the nasofacial groove. In one series 10 per cent of patients developed wound complications. We present our modification of the lateral rhinotomy incision, that takes account of the nasal aesthetic subunits by placing the incision between the dorsal and side wall nasal subunits with extension inferiorly along the alar groove.

From November 1994 to February 2001, a retrospective review of case notes showed that 20 patients underwent modified lateral rhinotomy incision for a variety of pathology. Ten cases were for transitional papilloma, nine for malignant disease and one for chronic osteitis of the maxilla and ethmoids post-trauma. Follow up ranged from two weeks to five years. In five cases we were able to preserve the bony piriform aperture without compromising the excision or exposure. We believe that preservation of the bony piriform aperture will further enhance the overall cosmesis and nasal function. No complaints related to the incision were recorded.

Our experience with the modified lateral rhinotomy incision has been very satisfactory. It provides good exposure, a low complication rate and excellent cosmetic outcome without undue technical difficulty. It is our preferred incision for all surgery on the mid-facial skeleton and anterior skull base.
Drain placement after thyroid surgery: the bra-strap line
Authors: Clark M. P. A. , Patel N. N. , Farrell R. W.
Published: October 2002

In cases of thyroid surgery that require a drain post-operatively, the authors suggest the subcutaneous tunnelling of the drain to exit in the bra-strap line. This simple but effective technique hides the potentially unsightly resultant scars that may be of concern to women wearing clothes that expose the upper chest and lower neck. The bra-strap line can be easily found in the patient and the authors have found no additional complications with exiting the drain at this site.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea
Authors: Winter S. C. A. , Bates G. J.
Published: October 2002

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare condition characterized by abnormalities to ectodermal derived tissues although other organs or systems are frequently involved. Patients with HED can have a number of symptoms that may lead them to present to the otolaryngologist. We present a case of a 37-year-old female with HED who initially presented with nasal obstruction but then very rapidly developed stridor due to a tracheal squamous cell carcinoma. We suggest a possible association between HED and carcinoma of the upper respiratory tract that has not previously been reported.
Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Obesity Development in Canadian Children
Authors: Chen Zheng Hao , Mousavi Sara , Mandhane Piushkumar J. , Simons Elinor , Turvey Stuart E. , Moraes Theo J. , Subbarao Padmaja , Miliku Kozeta
Published: January 2025

Importance

Ultraprocessed foods (UPF), characterized as shelf-stable but nutritionally imbalanced foods, pose a public health crisis worldwide. In adults, UPF consumption is associated with increased obesity risk, but findings among children are inconsistent.

Objectives

To examine the associations among UPF intake, anthropometric adiposity indicators, and obesity status in Canadian children.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In the CHILD Cohort Study, one of the largest prospective, multicenter, population-based pregnancy cohorts in Canada, diet was assessed during the 3-year visit (September 2011 to June 2016), and anthropometric measurements were assessed at the 5-year visit (December 2013 to April 2018). Data analysis was performed between July 1, 2023, and June 30, 2024.

Exposure

Diet intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at 3 years of age. UPFs were identified using the NOVA classification system.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Anthropometric adiposity indicators were measured at 5 years of age and used to calculate age- and sex-standardized z scores for body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio, and subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses, and obesity, which was defined using BMI z score cutoffs. Multivariable-adjusted regression analyses were used to examine the associations of UPF with adiposity and obesity development, accounting for parental, birth, and early-childhood factors.

Results

Among 2217 participants included in this study, median age at the outcome assessment was 5.0 (IQR, 5.0-5.1) years, and 1175 (53.0%) were males. At 3 years of age, UPF contributed 45.0% of total daily energy intake. UPF energy contribution was higher in males vs females (46.0% vs 43.9%; P < .001). Among all participants, higher UPF intake at 3 years of age was associated with higher anthropometric adiposity indicators at 5 years of age, primarily driven by males. In males, every 10% UPF energy increase was associated with higher adiposity indicator z scores for BMI (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03-0.14), waist to height ratio (β, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.12), and subscapular (β, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.18) and triceps (β, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03-0.15) skinfold thickness and higher odds of living with overweight or obesity (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.36). No significant associations were observed among females.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of Canadian children, high UPF consumption during early childhood was associated with obesity development, primarily in males. These findings can inform targeted public health initiatives for early childhood centers and caregiver education programs to reduce UPF intake and prevent obesity.
Modelling alternative management strategies of invasive tree species at the expansion front: Ligustrum lucidum as a case study
Authors: Montti Lia , Palmer Stephen C. F. , Powell Priscila A. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Travis Justin M. J. , Ponchon Aurore
Published: February 2025

Managing invasive non‐native species is a global challenge, especially for long‐lived trees like Ligustrum lucidum, known for its detrimental effects on invaded ecosystems.

Using individual‐based models (IBMs), we simulated different control methods on the population dynamics and range expansion propensity of the established population. Across different sets of simulations, we varied the number of life stages and sites targeted. We additionally investigated how changing the management strategy over time affected outcomes.

Controlling all life stages was essential to contain the expansion of L. lucidum. Removing both reproductive and non‐reproductive stages was more than twice as effective as removing either saplings or reproductive stages only, especially if a high number of sites were targeted every year. The method of selecting sites for removal within the population was important if only saplings were removed; in which case targeting the most recently colonized sites was the most effective strategy. Finally, a strategy that switches after 5 years from controlling all stages to focusing exclusively on early life stages could be effective at reducing both the total population size and the area occupied.

Practical implication: This approach could be valuable when the availability of long‐term resources for control is limited. The ability of IBMs to simulate various scenarios and assess outcomes at population and landscape levels enhances their utility for predicting invasive non‐native species management success. It can be a solution to reducing the time and cost of fieldwork, helping to identify potential limitations of control actions.
Chemical Functionalization Meets Enhanced Electrical Conductivity in Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Neha , Pritam Anurag , Fransson Jonas , Mondal Prakash Chandra
Published: January 2025

An excellent combination of either oxides or metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and functional π‐electron rich conjugated molecules can originate a variety of intriguing phenomena convenient for technological applications. Functional π‐conjugated aromatic molecules can hold the potential to control the size, shape, morphology, and optoelectronic properties of nanoparticles through the formation of covalent interfaces. Interfacial charge transfer at the nanoparticles−molecules interfaces plays vital roles in modulating photophysical and electrical conductivity properties, which found enormous applications in catalysis, electrical, and magnetism. This work illustrates iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) capped with in situ generated aryl radicals for tuning electrical properties. Organic molecules with different functional groups are covalently attached to the surface of Fe3O4 NPs through radical formation. An electrical insulating pristine Fe3O4 NPs turns into semiconductor behavior upon aryl radical functionalization, which is due to the synergistic and efficient intermolecular charge transfer between Fe3O4 NPs of mixed valence metal ions (Fe2+, a d6 electronic system, and Fe3+, a d5 electronic system) and π‐electron rich aromatic molecules (donor–acceptor interactions). A theoretical framework strongly supports the experimental findings. These findings on tuning the electrical conductivity of nanoparticles using a small molecule can provide a promising avenue for a wide range of electronic applications.