bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE BORDERS OF THE RIDGE FORMS OF SEDIMENT MOVEMENT
Authors: Khodzinskaya Anna Gennadievna
Published: October 2016

The article describes the active equilibrium motion of bed forms, which occurs in rivers during high water periods. The authors consider the relation between an average size of the particles of which little bed-forms (rifles) are formed and an average size of non-cohesive material in case of which armoring is formed in a river. These particles have a diameter of 0.5…0.6 mm. This boundary is associated with different mechanisms of stability loss for smaller particles, for which the probability of weighing is greater than for the larger particles. The article offers the extrapolation of the dependence of the ratio of average speed to critical speed received by V.N. Goncharov at small depths (up to 0.2 m) at the depth of 5 m on the basis of the experiments presented by V. Rijn. It is shown that the ratio of the dynamic speed to its critical value decreases with the increase in the size of alluvial particles, for bed formation and wash moments. For the moments of bed formation reaching the maximum bed height (maximum resistance in the channel) and erosion of the bed-forms was well confirmed by the values of the dimensionless parameter (the ratio of average velocity to hydraulic size taking into account the flow regime) for a particle size of about 1 mm.
PRINCIPLES OF AVAILABLE ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONCEPT OF TOURISTIC CITIES DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tesler Kirill Igorevich , Starikov Aleksandr Sergeevich , Kuznetsov Aleksandr Alekseevich
Published: October 2016

The authors consider the problems related to available environment formation in the strategy of touristic cities development. One of the means of social and psychological rehabilitation of the disabled is tourism. It should be noted, that touristic cities mostly represent a complicated space structure with a lot of streets and concourses, with touristic objects distributed all over the city. Visiting and transportation in such an environment may cause difficulties. The aim is to form a touristic universal environment. A universal environment is aimed at widening the frames of a design target group and supposes an organization of comfortable city visit, availability of services, simple and recognizable navigation system for all the social groups. The suggested principles may become a guidance not only to the designers. The given material may also be useful for specialists in territorial marketing and touristic management and help to raise a regional economic efficiency.
First application of automated external defibrilator in Serbia: Case report
Authors: Ivanov Igor , Dejanovic Jadranka , Cankovic Milenko , Ivanovic Vladimir , Vulin Aleksandra , Obradovic Dusanka
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Sudden cardiac death is an unexpected natural death from
cardiac causes. It is the most common and first manifestation of coronary
artery disease. It accounts for 50% of mortality from cardiovascular disease
in the United States of America and other developed countries, so measures
that can reduce it are an important medical task. Case Report. A 55-year old
man suddenly lost consciousness at the train station in Novi Sad. An
eyewitness provided first aid and ventricular fibrillation was converted to
sinus rhythm by means of the automated external defibrillator. Emergency
Medical Service Novi Sad soon arrived, continued resuscitation procedure, and
transported the patient to the Cardiac Care Unit, who was then diagnosed with
acute myocardial infarction and primary percutaneous coronary intervention
was performed. Resuscitative hypothermia was applied in acute phase to
prevent further brain injury. During further hospitalization the patient was
stable, woke up from coma and early rehabilitation measures were implemented.
After six months the patient had normal physical activities and there was no
left ventricular segmental hypokinesia on echocardiography. Conclusion. The
application of all four chains of survival is important in increasing the
survival rate of patients with sudden cardiac arrest.
Assessment of the embryo quality in the procedure of in vitro fertilization
Authors: Bjelica Artur , Subanovic Srna
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Since reproductive technologies are becoming increasingly
popular among the couples with infertility problem, and having in mind that
the success rate is still low, the clinicians tend to transfer more embryos
in order to increase the probability of success. However, such a strategy
increases the risk of multiple pregnancy, which brings about numerous risks
to the health of both the mother and children. Therefore, an elective
single-embryo transfer is set as imperative, which, on the other hand, would
not be possible without selection and evaluation of the quality of embryos.
Assessment of Embryo Quality. Embryos can be selected by various methods,
from non-invasive to invasive methods. In non-invasive methods, the embryos
are selected by their morphology or by the techniques based on the analysis
of molecular components - analyses of the level of proteomes or metabolomes.
A more detailed monitoring of the kinetics of the embryo development can be
related to the introduction of time-lapse imaging and monitoring systems into
laboratory practice. The invasive methods encompass the techniques such as
preimplantation genetic diagnosis and preimplantation genetic screening. In
preimplantation genetic diagnosis, the assisted reproduction technologies
cycle is approached for the genetic reasons, whereas preimplantation genetic
screening is used to enhance the success rate of the assisted reproduction
cycles. Conclusion. In this paper we have shown that the application of
elective single-embryo transfer requires the selection and assessment of the
quality of embryos by the methods that have been developed in the last four
decades, and still need further improvements.
How healthy are we? Narratives of experiential health from a village of Western Nepal
Authors: Subedi Bamdev
Published: October 2016

It has become a custom citing development reports, which show remarkable progress in some of the health indicators, to signify the higher quality of life achieved over the years. The human development datasets, for instance, present impressive progress in terms of decreased mortality, increased life expectancy, higher literacy and falling poverty which is synonymous to a higher standard of living. With the amazing success in medical science, advancement in therapy and surgery, and prevention and control over some of the dangerous diseases, we are bound to believe that we have achieved much, and there is no question whether the overall health condition has been worsened in the last few decades. The real life experience of local people, however, challenges this fact and compels us to reflect on “are we really healthy than before?” Drawing from a qualitative study conducted in a district of mid-western Nepal, this paper presents people’s narratives to deepen our understanding of how people in an urbanizing village experience health. The paper recognizes the deteriorating health experience of the people which has primarily resulted from a loss of local health traditions exacerbated by the current change and development.
Determinants of Community Governance for Effective Basic Service Delivery in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Keshav K.
Published: October 2016

Community governance is an approach of shift from governmentality to governance. This is more flexible approach extends beyond government, and the place of its agencies, to a greater sharing of power between the state, the market and civil society via new network and partnership structures. This paper analyses the determinants of community governance at the grassroots level in Nepal for the efficient delivery of basic services based on primary data sources. 110 locally constituted community based organisations were selected for an organisational survey. Additionally, three focus group discussions and 40 in-depth interviews were employed for information collection. A multiple linear regression model was used for data analysis, which revealed 12 variables such as Inclusive participation (X1), Empowerment of the people (X2), Transparency and accountability (X3) Enabling environment (X4), Practice of local democracy (X5), Service effectiveness (X6), Service integrity (X7), Social capital development (X8), Institution building (X9), Community mobilisation (X10) Planning, implementation, and monitoring (X11), Coordination, linkage, and partnership (X12) are significantly influencing governance practice. Results indicated a 14 percent variance between dependent and independent variables. This shows the overall practice of governance at the community level was malfunctioned, which can be attributed to a number of factors. First, many community-based organisations (CBOs) do not adopt governance mechanisms in their approach to development. Second, despite a crisis in governance, some CBOs have participated in the service delivery process. Third, this crisis has been a foremost obstacle in the working culture of CBOs. This analysis further explores the problem from the perspective of socio-economic structure, power politics and interests, institutional issues, and capacity and resource constraints.
Feminist Standpoint and Question of Women Participation in Decision-Making, in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Binda
Published: October 2016

Feminist standpoint theory emerged in the 1970s. As a feminist critical theory it focuses on the relationship between the production of knowledge and practices of power. It can be considered as a blended form of Marxist feminist, critical theory and a range of social scientific disciplines. Feminist standpoint helps to understand and explain the world through marginalized, subordinated and oppressed women's point of view in the society considering them as knowledgeable. It is the process of mainstreaming their knowledge, skill and experiences. Feminist standpoint focuses on power relations, which is broadly cultivated on cultural values and assigned gender role. In this context, feminist standpoint could be a theoretical basis to mainstream women's knowledge, skill and experiences, instead of conventional way of thinking and doing things with taking into account the knowledge and experiences of dominant groups.
Analysis of Crack Propagation, Determination of Dynamic Strength and Metallographic Examination / Hardness Test using the Example of a 25 CrMo 4 Monobloc Tubular Shaft
Authors: Lietz A.
Published: October 2016

After performing an alternating load test for several monobloc tubular shafts (so called MTS) a fractographical evaluation with subsequent metallographic examination as well as a review of the heat treatment according to drawing requirements were carried out on a test component which had reached the lowest number of cycles.

An example is used to present a typical examination procedure in a quality laboratory which helps to ensure high product quality in a automotive supplier company and is supposed to highlight the close connection to and support for elaborate bench tests through the instrument of metallography. Besides the fractographical determination of the damage origin, an evaluation of heat treatment and microstructural development of the components is prerequisite for assessing the examination results.
Photodynamic Therapy for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
Authors: Cohen Diana , Lee Peter
Published: October 2016

Non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is traditionally treated with surgical excision. Nonsurgical methods such as cryotherapy and topical chemotherapeutics, amongst other treatments, are other options. Actinic keratosis (AKs) are considered precancerous lesions that eventually may progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers an effective treatment for AKs, and is also effective for superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Nodular BCC and Bowen’s disease (SCC in situ) have shown acceptable response rates with PDT, although recurrence rates are higher for these two NMSC subtypes. Methylaminolevulinate (MAL) PDT is a more effective treatment option than 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) PDT for nodular BCC. Several studies have shown that PDT results in superior cosmetic outcomes compared to surgical treatment. PDT is overall well‐tolerated, with pain being the most common side effect.
Torreﬁed Biomass Pellets—Comparing Grindability in Different Laboratory Mills
Authors: Khalsa Jan , Leistner Diana , Weller Nadja , Darvell Leilani , Dooley Ben
Published: October 2016

The ﬁring and co-ﬁring of biomass in pulverized coal ﬁred power plants around the world is expected to increase in the coming years. Torrefaction may prove to be a suitable way of upgrading biomass for such an application. For transport and storage purposes, the torreﬁed biomass will tend to be in pellet form. Whilst standard methods for the assessment of the milling characteristics of coal exist, this is not the case for torreﬁed materials—whether in pellet form or not. The grindability of the fuel directly impacts the overall efﬁciency of the combustion process and as such it is an important parameter. In the present study, the grindability of different torreﬁed biomass pellets was tested in three different laboratory mill types; cutting mill (CM), hammer mill (HM) and impact mill (IM). The speciﬁc grinding energy (SGE) required for a deﬁned mass throughput of pellets in each mill was measured and results were compared to other pellet characterization methods (e.g., durability, and hardness) as well as the modiﬁed Hardgrove Index. Seven different torreﬁed biomass pellets including willow, pine, beech, poplar, spruce, forest residue and straw were used as feedstock. On average, the particle-size distribution width (across all feedstock) was narrowest for the IM (0.41 mm), followed by the HM (0.51 mm) and widest for the CM (0.62 mm). Regarding the SGE, the IM consumed on average 8.23 Wh/kg while CM and HM consumed 5.15 and 5.24 Wh/kg, respectively. From the three mills compared in this study, the IM seems better ﬁt for being used in a standardized method that could be developed in the future, e.g., as an ISO standard.
Knockdown of DDX46 Inhibits the Invasion and Tumorigenesis in Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhang Dengfeng , Li Guojun , Wang Xiao
Published: October 2016

DDX46, a member of the DEAD-box (DDX) helicase family, is involved in the development of several tumors. However, the exact role of DDX46 in osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanisms in tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Thus, in the present study, we explored the role of DDX46
in osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that the expression levels of DDX46 in both mRNA and protein were greatly elevated in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of DDX46 obviously inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and tumor growth in
vivo. In addition, knockdown of DDX46 also significantly suppressed migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, knockdown of DDX46 substantially downregulated the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt in SaOS2 cells. In summary, the present results have revealed that DDX46
plays an important role in osteosarcoma growth and metastasis. Knockdown of DDX46 inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, DDX46 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Overexpression of SCUBE2 Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Glioma Cells
Authors: Guo Erkun , Liu Hongjiang , Liu Xiaopeng
Published: October 2016

Signal peptide CUB EGF-like domain-containing protein 2 (SCUBE2), a member of the SCUBE family of proteins, was recently found to play an important role in cancer development. However, little is known regarding its biological function in glioma. In the present study, we investigated
the effect of SCUBE2 on glioma and explored its relevant mechanisms. The study showed that SCUBE2 had a low expression in glioma tissue and cell lines. SCUBE2 overexpression inhibited glioma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo as well as suppressed glioma cell migration and invasion in
vitro. Furthermore, we found that the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway was involved in the inhibitory effect of SCUBE2 overexpression on glioma cells. In light of the results obtained from our study, SCUBE2 may be regarded as a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
Demethylation of Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription (REST) Suppresses the Malignant Phenotype of Breast Cancer via MMP9
Authors: Liu Ying , Lv Hui , Wu Xiaoying , Zhou Jun , Shi Ying , Wen Jifang
Published: October 2016

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in females all over the world, mainly resulting from metastasis. Previous studies have revealed that repressor element-1 (RE-1) silencing transcription (REST) acted as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, the mechanism by
which REST is regulated remains unknown, and its role in the metastasis in breast cancer cells remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that the expression of REST was lower in breast cancer samples than that of adjacent samples by immunohistochemical analysis, which may be due to
hypermethylation of the REST promoter. Low REST levels are significantly associated with malignant progression in breast cancer patients. Additionally, we elucidated the functions of REST on proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells. Lentivirus transfection was used to overexpress
REST in human breast MDA-MB-231 cells. Then the biologic consequences of overexpressing REST in regard to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were determined. Furthermore, we also determined matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) as a target of REST. These results demonstrate that downregulation
of REST, a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, is associated with hypermethylation. Induced REST expression is capable of attenuating invasion ability of breast cancer cells, which may be a novel strategy for metastatic breast cancer treatment.
High TRAF6 Expression Is Associated With Esophageal Carcinoma Recurrence and Prompts Cancer Cell Invasion
Authors: Liu Xinyang , Wang Zhichao , Zhang Guoliang , Zhu Qikun , Zeng Hui , Wang Tao , Gao Feng , Qi Zhan , Zhang Jinwen , Wang Rui
Published: October 2016

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and it has a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms of esophageal cancer progression remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of tumor necrosis factor
receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in esophageal cancer. Expression of TRAF6 in esophageal cancer was examined, and its correlation with clinicopathological factors and patient prognosis was analyzed. A series of functional and mechanism assays were performed to further investigate the function
and underlying mechanisms in esophageal cancer. Expression of TRAF6 was highly elevated in esophageal cancer tissues, and patients with high TRAF6 expression have a significantly shorter survival time than those with low TRAF6 expression. Furthermore, loss-of-function experiments showed that
knockdown of TRAF6 significantly reduced the migration and invasion abilities of esophageal cancer cells. Moreover, the pro-oncogenic effects of TRAF6 in esophageal cancer were mediated by the upregulation of AEP and MMP2. Altogether, our data suggest that high expression of TRAF6 is significant
for esophageal cancer progression, and TRAF6 indicates poor prognosis in esophageal cancer patients, which might be a novel prognostic biomarker or potential therapeutic target in esophageal cancer.
Comment les espaces créatifs bousculent les modes d’action de l’État local : le cas de deux structures culturelles à Shanghai, M50 et Tianzifang
Authors: Tan Lély
Published: October 2016

Les espaces créatifs ont fait leur apparition depuis une quinzaine d’années dans les villes. Ils sont une des expressions spatiales de la nouvelle économie de la connaissance. À Shanghai, l’émergence de ce type de structures se trouve être en contradiction avec les modes d’action de l’État local. Jusqu’alors, ce dernier agissait comme aménageur principal. Position favorisée par un environnement institutionnel et politique. M50 et Tianzifang sont des structures dont l’activité principale tourne autour de la production d’art contemporain. Ces deux espaces culturels sont apparus de façon spontanée. L’objectif de cet article est de démontrer : 1. l’émergence de nouveaux acteurs dans l’aménagement de Shanghai 2.comment l’installation de ces espaces à Shanghai a modifié les modes d’actions des autorités municipales. 3. la portée et les limites de ces initiatives.
La Chine à l’heure des villes intelligentes
Authors: Douay Nicolas , Henriot Carine
Published: October 2016

Le développement des villes intelligentes en Chine continentale comme à Hong Kong est un phénomène récent qui s’inscrit dans un contexte de transition écologique et énergétique, mais également de financiarisation de la ville et de ses services. Dès lors, les politiques de villes intelligentes rendent compte des conditions de la production urbaine chinoise, caractérisées par un encadrement fort des pouvoirs centraux et locaux, ainsi que la mise en place de coalitions de croissance locales. Cette contribution se propose de montrer comment le numérique devient un référentiel important des politiques territoriales afin d’en interroger la réelle substance au-delà des mises en scène. Pour cela nous proposons de confronter ces politiques publiques aux conditions de réalisation des projets (urbains) intelligents en Chine continentale, comme à Hong Kong.
Constances et variances
Authors: Poulain Martine
Published: October 2016

Au cœur du Centre Pompidou, la Bibliothèque publique d'information et sa le d'actualité offrent des documents de toute nature. livres, journaux, films, vidéodisques, bases de données... et sur tous les sujets. Plusieurs milliers de personnes s'y pressent chaque jour. Le fonctionnement d'une bibliothèque ne se réduit pas à la communication d'un certain nombre de documents, pas plus que les motivât ions et comportements des publics ne peuvent se réduire à un simple assouvissement de besoins documentaires. Ainsi cherchons-nous toujours à comprendre ce que sont ces modes de lecture en public, ce que recouvre la diversité des façons de faire, comment chacun impose sa marque et sa trace. Invente des parcours et des rites, ou ce qu'est la lecture singulière de chacun sous le regard des autres. De quelle manière ces publics, aux profils et aux attentes variées, parfois contradictoires, s'approprient-ils cet espace et ses ressources ? Comment pratiquent-ils le mélange des sujets et des supports, le multimédia, l'encyclopédisme ou le libre-accès aux documents ? À la suite d'une précédente étude, Publics à l'œuvre, cet ouvrage analyse quelques évolutions notables au cours de douze années d'ouverture.
The rules of Barat. Tribal documents from Yemen
Authors: Dresch Paul
Published: October 2016

Paul Dresch Rules of Barat presents several eighteenth-century agreements among tribesmen from Jabal Barat, north-east of Yemen. These documents, previously unedited, shed new light on the history of customary law ('urf)  in Yemen.
L’Homme et la Terre. Livre 2 : Histoire ancienne
Authors: Reclus Élisée
Published: October 2016

Le monumental chef d’œuvre que publie Elisée Reclus (1830-1905) dans les dernières années de sa vie constitue un événement éditorial majeur de la vie scientifique et politique du début du XXe siècle. Grande fresque historique sur l’évolution et le devenir de l’Humanité, cette réflexion originale s’inscrit autant dans la formalisation d’une géographie humaine détachée des sciences naturelles et dont Elisée Reclus est l’un des pères fondateurs un peu oubliés, que dans l’élaboration d’une pensée politique anarchiste et libertaire. En dépit de son importance, ce testament intellectuel n’était jusqu’à présent disponible que sous forme d’extraits. Cette réédition intégrale permet ainsi de combler une lacune éditoriale alors même que la figure d’Elisée Reclus connaît, depuis une dizaine d’années, un regain d’intérêt, tant parmi les chercheurs que chez le grand public.
L’Empire ottoman à l’âge des réformes
Authors: Moreau Odile
Published: October 2016

Le champ politique ottoman présente de nombreuses discontinuités (les révolutions de 1908 et des années 1920). Par contre, l’étude des réformes nous amène à conclure à une évidente continuité à travers « le long XIXe », y compris au début du XX  siècle. L’étude de cas de l’armée ottomane et des réformes militaires des Tanzîmât au XIXe siècle jusqu’à la Révolution kémaliste, au début des années 1920, montre différentes étapes d’un processus de changement. De ce point de vue, cette approche nous permet de reconsidérer les périodisations reçues et offre de nouvelles perspectives heuristiques.
C’est pourquoi cette étude intéressera non seulement les historiens, mais en particulier les historiens militaires et les sociologues, les politologues couvrant le champ de la Turquie, de l’Empire ottoman et de la Méditerranée au sens large.
La présence roumaine à Istanbul
Authors: Gangloff Sylvie , Pérouse Jean-François
Published: October 2016

Depuis 1991, de nombreux ressortissants des pays anciennement communistes affluent sur les marchés d’İstanbul, dans ses échoppes et aux abords des quartiers commerçants de Laleli, Beyazıt, Osmanbey, Merter et Karaköy. Ce « commerce à la valise » a pris d’importantes proportions depuis 1992. Il témoigne, dans le cas stambouliote comme pour d’autres métropoles, de nouvelles formes de mobilités interna­tionales, qui jouent des différentiels de prix et de juridiction d’un État à l’autre. Le cas des commerçants russes et ukrainiens à İstanbul a fait l’objet d’enquêtes de presse et de quelques études, mais celui des Roumains reste large­ment méconnu.
İstanbul Bİblİyografyası
Authors: Güçlü Eda
Published: October 2016

La mise en ligne d'Istanbul bibliography 2000-2013, fait écho au numéro 4 de la même série – La mégapole d’Istanbul. 1960-2000 (http://books.openedition.org/ifeagd/125)– paru en octobre 2000, soit il y a près de quinze ans.

La différence frappante de volume entre les deux dossiers est liée en partie à une « montée en puissance » des études sur Istanbul depuis le début de l’année 2000 et à l’accélération des grands travaux comme de la transformation urbaine dans la décennie 2000 qui a eu pour effet d’attirer l’attention sur Istanbul, tant au niveau des projets architecturaux, urbanistiques, que des mouvements sociaux suscités par des interventions parfois lourdes et violentes. Cette décennie est aussi marquée par l’affirmation d’un regard conservateur sur Istanbul porté par de nouvelles institutions. Ce regard est à l’origine de nombreuses publications sur des objets d’études, quartiers, « monuments », moments de l’histoire, groupes sociaux et figures jusque-là peu pris en compte par la production scientifique consacrée à Istanbul.

En somme, le « paradigme perdu  de la société turque » (selon l’expression de Şirin Tekeli) auquel nous faisions allusion dans l’introduction du dossier de 2000 paraît en cours d’appropriation – appropriation d’une histoire, d’un environnement, de populations et de territoires négligés -, comme en témoigne cette impressionnante bibliographie. De ce fait, il nous semble important que l’IFEA continue, notamment à travers ses observatoires, à rendre plus visibles et accessibles, en direction d’un public qui ne peut pas suivre la production scientifique en Turquie, des contributions qui se doivent d’être sérieusement prises en compte par la recherche européenne.
Une société provinciale face à son devenir : le Vendômois aux xviiie et xixe siècles
Authors: Vassort Jean
Published: October 2016

À l'origine de ce livre, une volonté - mieux connaître et mieux comprendre les horizons culturels des populations provinciales aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles -, et un choix - enraciner la recherche dans un terrain local, celui du pays vendômois. L'ouvrage rétablit d'abord les réalités économiques et sociales de ce pays au XVIIIe siècle, dans toute la diversité de ses terroirs, de la vallée du Loir aux plateaux, des bocages du Perche aux vastes horizons de la Beauce. Cette présentation réalisée, l'enquête peut en venir à son objet central, en examinant comment sont vécus et pensés dans la région le temps et l'espace, comment aussi s'y organise la relation à l'écrit. Sur ces plans quantité de partages traversent la population : entre illettrés et alphabétisés, entre ici et ailleurs, entre mouvement et stabilité, entre temps cyclique et temps orienté ; certains de ces partages qui recoupent des clivages sociaux bien établis, étaient prévisibles ; mais l'étude révèle aussi en cette matière des rapprochements inattendus.

Parmi ces derniers, le fait qu'en dépit même des évolutions que connaît alors la région, ses habitants pensent généralement son histoire comme dominée par l'immuable et le permanent. Une telle vision ne résiste pas à l'irruption de l'événement révolutionnaire, et encore moins aux transformations qui le prolongent au XIXe siècle. Jusqu'alors négligé, le changement s'impose désormais comme un enjeu essentiel. La dernière partie de l'ouvrage examine comment les notables le prennent en charge, pour encourager la modernisation agricole ou l'alphabétisation, en bref pour répandre le progrès.

Mais le changement n'ignore aucun domaine de la vie sociale, et les notables découvrent rapidement qu'il peut aussi remettre en cause leur position : de là un désarroi perceptible chez beaucoup d'entre eux à la fin du siècle, l'optimisme progressiste qui les animait au temps de la monarchie parlementaire faisant alors souvent place à une nostalgie passéiste. Évolution vécue et devenir perçu, destin souhaité et nouveauté subie, confiance en l'avenir et repli sur le passé : tels sont les grands thèmes que ce livre explore pour préciser et enrichir, à partir du cas vendômois, l'histoire du changement dans les provinces françaises au temps des grandes mutations des deux siècles considérés.
Le problème de l’essence de l’homme chez Spinoza
Authors: Busse Julien
Published: October 2016

Ni philosophe du sujet ni philosophe du moi, Spinoza, on le sait, n'accorde pas à l'homme le statut de substance, mais de mode. Cette désubstantialisation s'accompagne d'une apparente indifférence à l'égard du problème classique de la différence spécifique de l'homme par rapport à l'animal. Dès lors on peut s'interroger sur l'étrange silence de l'Éthique au sujet d'une définition précise de l'essence humaine.

À rebours des commentateurs qui ont essayé de reconstituer cette définition à partir des indications de l'auteur, Julien Busse cherche de manière originale à comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles Spinoza n'a pas jugé bon d'en fournir une. Plutôt que la présence, il pense l'absence de définition de l'essence humaine pour montrer qu'elle ne tient pas à une carence, mais qu'elle obéit à une impossibilité. C'est sur la nécessité de l'absence d'une telle définition que Julien Busse invite à se pencher pour en analyser aussi bien les causes que les effets.
Interpolation spatiale de données circulaires : application au tsunami du 26 décembre 2004
Authors: Grancher Delphine , Bar-Hen Avner , Paris Raphaël , Lavigne Franck , Brunstein Daniel , Wassmer Patrick
Published: October 2016

In the framework of prevention, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of a tsunami. In order to develop hydrodynamic model, we used geo-statistical tools to reconstruct the tsunami of December, 24th, 2004 at Banda Aceh (Indonesia). On a area of 20 km2, about 1000 angles were measured, based on impact of the wave. To simplify the modelling, we assume unicity of the wave. Classical spatial statistics cannot be used in this problem since (i) kriging is not invariant by rotation; (ii) the arithmetic mean cannot be used for circular data.We first review common adaptations of kriging to circular data. Drawbacks of these methods are illustrated on our example. Finally we extend circular data theory to spatial statistics.
L’analyse spatiale des dommages sur le bâti : contribution méthodologique et enseignements pour les futurs scénarios de risque tsunami
Authors: Leone Frédéric , Vinet Freddy , Denain Jean-Charles , Bachri Syamsul
Published: October 2016

The tsunami of the 26th of December 2004 caused an unprecedented disaster in the Indian Ocean. In Sumatra, a third of Banda Aceh area has been destroyed and 70,000 people died. The Tsunarisque Program brings new considerations about the tsunami dynamic and damages intensity in this urban area: an original method of damages spatial analysis is based on field surveys and photo-interpretations. The first result is a very accurate cartography of the tsunami breaking that is shown by a steep drop of the damaging gradient around 2,7 km from the coast. The second is a new “macro-tsunamic” intensity scale based on special typologies of buildings and damages. This analysis is complemented by damages curves that give the statistical relations between mean damages intensities and wave heights. These results allow developing application in tsunami potential losses modelling.
Approche pédogéomorphologique pour l’évaluation des impacts du tsunami du 26 décembre 2004 sur la qualité des sols et des eaux phréatiques du secteur de Lampuuk, ouest de Banda Aceh
Authors: Sartohadi Junun , Mardiatno Djati , Setiawan Anggri , Cahyadi Rino , Hadmoko Danang SRI , Wassmer Patrick , Paris Raphaël
Published: October 2016

This research was carried out in Lampuuk District, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. The main aims of this research are to analyze the impacts of the tsunami on landforms, especially their morphological aspects, to analyze the change of water quality and to predict the time required to recover the water quality to initial condition. Pedo-geomorphological approach has been applied in this research in order to evaluate the impacts of tsunamis to each geomorphological unit. Geo-electrical sounding and groundwater flow mapping have been conducted to understanding groundwater depth and potential water contaminant flow. Results show that tsunami caused high impacts to water quality and soil. The salinity of soil reached to > 3000 μohms/cm. Time required to recover soil quality into initial condition is approximately 2 years. We estimated that the time needed for water quality recovering is approximately 5 years.
Guerre du toit et modernité architecturale
Authors: Mengin Christine
Published: October 2016

Berlin, 1928. Dans le quartier tranquille de Zehlendorf, deux cités d'habitation sortent de terre, dans un face-à-face hostile. D'un côté, la plastique cubiste de l'avant-garde, de l'autre, les tuiles de la tradition revisitée par le régionalisme. Cette confrontation de formes déclenche la « guerre du toit », qui divise le milieu architectural si fécond de l'Allemagne de l'entre-deux-guerres.

Replaçant cet épisode célèbre, mais jamais étudié, dans le contexte de l'ambitieuse politique du logement menée par la république de Weimar, le livre compare les deux sociétés de construction impliquées, la conservatrice Gagfah et la progressiste Gehag, et présente leurs destinataires, à savoir le groupe social des employés.

Evoquant les convictions partagées par les maîtres d'ouvrages et les maîtres d'œuvre sur la cité-jardin, la standardisation et la nécessaire éducation des habitants, l'étude pose en des termes nouveaux la question de la fracture entre modernisme et traditionalisme, liée à des enjeux symboliques et recoupant l'antagonisme entre Kultur et Zivilisation. Grâce à des sources inédites, l'ouvrage propose de nouvelles hypothèses sur ce moment crucial où le renouvellement de la culture architecturale, engagé au début du siècle, rencontre l'émergence de la société de masse avec ses nouvelles exigences en matières d'habitat. Il vient aussi combler une considérable lacune historiographique des études françaises sur l'architecture et sur l'Allemagne.
Au service du château
Authors: Morin Christophe
Published: October 2016

Sous l'Ancien Régime, le service n'est pas un vain mot : servir le château, c'est participer au prestige du seigneur, et par conséquent concourir à l'organisation hiérarchique de toute la société. En fondant son étude sur la valeur d'usage des « bâtiments d'utilité », l'auteur fait revivre les coulisses du château, le service de la bouche, les écuries, la glacière… et met ainsi en perspective l'architecture spécifique des communs tels qu'ils ont été imaginés par les architectes parisiens.

La séquence d'accès, la composition, le décor parfois suggestif de ces bâtiments sont analysés ici pour la première fois. Cette étude intègre également la fonction symbolique de la résidence seigneuriale en Île-de-France et le rôle essentiel des abords du corps de logis dont l'agencement détermine la nature même du château aristocratique face à l'avènement de la maison de campagne bourgeoise. L'approche nouvelle et originale proposée ici se fonde sur des sources inédites et une relecture minutieuse des traités d'architecture du xviiie siècle, auxquelles s'ajoute une riche iconographie.
The Challenge of CBE Programs
Authors: Uranis Julie , Bibbs Tanja
Published: October 2016

Using the student lifecycle as a framework, the authors explore the administrative and technological considerations pertaining to competency-based education (CBE). The goal of this chapter is to familiarize readers with the administrative issues surrounding the development of CBE programs. While the chapter is not all-inclusive, it should serve as a starting point for higher education leaders interested in CBE, especially those lacking the resources to develop a program outside existing governance, policies, and systems. This chapter may serve as a guide for institutional leaders working through the administrative challenges related to CBE programs. The authors address aspects of recruitment, marketing, pre-admission support, admissions, advising, orientation, registration, billing, programs of study, access to institutional resources, transcripts, and key performance indicators. The chapter concludes with future research directions as well as solutions and recommendations.
Academic Technology for Competency-Based Education in Higher Education
Authors: Kevan Jonathan M. , Irvine Christine K. Sorensen
Published: October 2016

As more postsecondary institutions look to competency-based education (CBE) as a model for delivering instruction, technology challenges present major barriers to its adoption. In this chapter, the context of higher education is reviewed in terms of its need for technology to manage the CBE process at scale. The role of technology in delivering CBE is explored followed by a discussion of technologies that hold promise for use in CBE, including vendor-based and open learning management systems (LMS), adaptive technologies, and tools for data analytics. This is followed by a call to re-explore previously proposed (and dismissed) technologies to ensure the ideal path is promoted. Personal learning environments (PLEs) are offered as an example with descriptions of how they may align with the CBE model more effectively in existing academic infrastructure than LMSs. The authors conclude that while a void remains in infrastructure technology to support CBE, growth in CBE appears likely.
Measuring What Matters
Authors: Brower Aaron , Kallio Sandra , Karoff Rebecca , Mailloux Mark , Schejbal David
Published: October 2016

This chapter demonstrates that competency-based education requires a different set of student success metrics, and introduces the metrics framework developed by and for the University of Wisconsin's UW Flexible Option (UW Flex). UW Flex is a direct assessment competency-based self-paced model for earning degrees and certificates from institutions in the UW System. It was supported by a grant from Lumina Foundation to develop a competency-based education blueprint for success and includes a set of student-centric metrics meaningful to the model, the curriculum, and the students who are being served in Flex programs. The framework defines student success as students moving through programs at their own pace, demonstrating mastery of subject matter, and meeting academic goals. Program-level metrics aggregate each of these three student-level metrics to provide useful information about the success of a program. The authors also build the case that strategic management of resources is required to overcome challenges inherent in implementing the UW Flexible Option metrics framework.
Polk State College's Engineering Technology OEEE Associate's Degree
Authors: Boyer Naomi , Roe Eric A. , Ross Kenneth , Jones Patricia , Bucklew Kathleen , Conliffe Marcia
Published: October 2016

This case study describes an Open Entry Early Exit (OEEE) program focused on untangling the web of systems, assumptions, roles, relationships, and interagency processes to address the national emphasis on affordable, compressed and flexible degree attainment, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) talent gap areas. To this end, Polk State College has empowered non-traditional students with an affordable, accessible option that was initiated as a result of a National Science Foundation's Advanced Technological Education (NSF-ATE) project award. The project was designed to transition a traditional Engineering Technology Associate in Science degree program to a hybrid competency-based, modular, non-term, self-paced, learner-centered, faculty-mentored format. As a work in progress, the OEEE program team has undertaken and resolved numerous challenges, many of which are still emergent, and identified significant breakthroughs to provide a catalyst to the reconceptualization of higher education.
A Systematic Review of Competency-Based Education Effort in the Health Professions
Authors: Wu Wenxia , Martin Brian C. , Ni Chen
Published: October 2016

Quality healthcare cannot be achieved without competent health professionals. Competency-based education (CBE) is an educational delivery option that may prove to be effective in meeting that need. Through a systematic literature review using content analysis techniques, this chapter explores the conceptual complexity and operational challenges of using CBE in health professions education. Drawing a picture of how competencies are defined and developed in the context of health professions education, this chapter summarizes current practices of integration, delivery, and assessment of competencies. Challenges, emerging trends, and future research directions are also identified. This review found that, unlike in medical education, there are different sets of competencies for most various healthcare disciplines and sub-disciplines and this review suggests that CBE can be a viable model that will enable health professions education to address the diverse needs of health professionals.
Western Governors University
Authors: Mendenhall Robert
Published: October 2016

The university was created as a non-profit, online, competency-based university to expand access to affordable higher education as a supplement to state higher education systems. It was created with two key guiding principles: 1) To develop a model for competency-based education that would measure learning rather than time, and tie the competencies being taught to workplace needs. 2) To use technology to create a new business model in higher education that would increase the productivity of higher education (high quality education at lower cost) while expanding access.
Academic Leadership
Authors: Swami Bonu Narayana , Gobona Tobedza , Tsimako Joe Joseph
Published: October 2016

Academic Leadership involves managing people in higher education and also elsewhere. Academic leaders could emerge due to their committed and continued pursuit in research; quality assurance; strategies adopted; marketing abilities; contributing education to wider community; developing new programmes and timely reviewing them. The research is aimed at reviewing the literature that exists in this field and to find out the degree or state of academic leadership that exists within the University of Botswana (UB) and how far UB academic leadership has impacted on its vision and mission statement. Primary data was collected through administering a questionnaire within UB on selected five strata of graduate students, academic staff, lower, middle and top management. Respondents were happy with the Academic Leadership in the areas of motivation, professionalism, sense of belonging, building consensus and communication skills.
Management Education and Creativity
Authors: Fields Ziska , Atiku Sulaiman Olusegun
Published: October 2016

The traditional education system is no longer sufficient to educate and prepare the next generation of global leaders. The gap between what management students learn and the skills they need to manage organisations is growing. Creativity is seen as a critical competency for the 21st century manager. The main objective of this chapter is to explore how creativity, as a managerial competency, can be developed through management education to meet the global leadership needs of the 21st century. This will require a paradigm shift; developing curricula and teaching for creativity. Teaching for creativity can be divided into three main steps: planning and preparation; measuring creativity and making amendments; and delivering the lecture. Various insights, principles, tools, steps, and learning strategies were identified to teach creativity. Creativity tests that can be used to measure the creativity levels of management students were also indicated.
Service Quality and Quality Assurance in Higher Education
Authors: Huq Sheikh Md. Monzurul , Huque Sheikh Mohammed Rafiul , Banik Arindam
Published: October 2016

Quality higher education is considered as one of the major elements that promises sustainable economic and social development of the developing countries of the world. The higher education in Bangladesh has experienced remarkable transformations in the recent years. There are two types of universities in Bangladesh. One is public and other is private university. The present study, by reviewing and analyzing the current structure and situation of quality of the higher educational institutions of the country, attempts to examine the service quality of both public and private universities and further attempts to scrutinize quality assurance questions of higher education. The findings of the study indicate that there is a need for improving service quality in both private and public universities. This study further stresses that effective learning environment, rules and regulations for improving service quality and quality assurance in both private and public universities of the country is very much necessary.
O discurso da antropofagia como estratégia de construção da identidade cultural brasileira
Authors: Cândido Weslei Roberto , Silvestre Nelci Alves Coelho
Published: October 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórica a respeito do termo ‘deglutição’ utilizado por Oswald de Andrade no Manifesto Antropófago (1928). Nesse manifesto, recortamos o conceito de antropofagia, vocábulo que descreve a devoração do Outro no intuito de absorvê-lo, no afã de assimilar as características das estéticas estrangeiras, e que expressa o impacto dos processos colonizadores na formação da identidade brasileira. Partindo da crítica à civilização europeia (colonialista), Oswald de Andrade, nas entrelinhas de seu discurso sobre a antropofagia, dialoga com as atuais discussões acerca da dependência cultural dos países periféricos. Diante desses apontamentos, nosso propósito é traçar um percurso histórico das leituras e apropriações que o termo ‘deglutição’ sofreu ao longo destes 88 anos, na esteira de estudos de críticos consagrados como Candido, Schwarz e Santiago.