bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoding Generation Z's habits: the augmented reality shift from gimmick to utility in omni-digital shopping
Authors: Schapsis Claudio , Chiagouris Larry , Wingate Nikki
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Building on technology acceptance and learning transfer theories, this study aims to evaluate the integration of mobile augmented reality (MAR) in omnichannel retailing touchpoints for Generation Z (or Gen Z)'s apparel shopping, assessing how habitual augmented reality (AR) use in nonretailing contexts impacts Gen Z's motivations, acceptance and use of MAR shopping apps.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 562 participants downloaded a footwear MAR app and completed a survey. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and multivariate regression to explore moderated mediation effects.

Findings

The study reveals a paradigm shift: Gen Z's habitual use of AR in social media (e.g. Snapchat and TikTok face filters) significantly influences their intent to use MAR in shopping, overshadowing hedonic motivations. This marks a transition from AR as a gimmick to a practical utility in omnichannel touchpoints, with performance expectancy emerging as a critical mediator in adopting MAR for utilitarian purposes.

Research limitations/implications

This study highlights how Gen Z consumers’ tech habits influence their pragmatic view of MAR, urging re-exploration of the main constructs of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model.

Practical implications

Findings suggest Gen Z values practicality over fun in MAR shopping apps, guiding marketers to emphasize tangible benefits for this demographic.

Originality/value

This research underscores the evolving perception of AR in retail among mobile natives, highlighting the shift from novelty to habitual utility. It offers strategic insights for integrating AR into omnichannel strategies, catering to the utilitarian expectations of Gen Z in the digital retail landscape.
Do CEO overconfidence and demographic characteristics moderate the effect of R&D investment on firm performance?
Authors: Guan Feiyang , Wang Tienan
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the influence of overconfident or conservative CEOs on the performance feedback of R&D investment, as well as the combined impact of CEO overconfidence and demographic characteristics on the relationship between performance feedback of R&D investments.

Design/methodology/approach

Grounded in the upper echelon theory, listed companies in China are selected as samples, and the Heckman two-stage model is used to examine all the models.

Findings

This paper reveals that overconfident CEOs tend to make suboptimal investment decisions. These decisions are influenced by cognitive biases that have a negative impact on the performance of R&D investments. However, the negatively moderating effects of CEO overconfidence can be mitigated if they have overseas experience or academic background, or they are younger.

Originality/value

These mechanisms highlight the various ways in which CEO psychological factors and demographic characteristics can complement each other.
Predicting households’ attitudes and product adoption intentions
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Ahlawat Pardeep , Yadav Mahender , Kumar Parveen , Aggarwal Vaibhav
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The present study aims to examine the households’ attitudes and intentions to adopt an indoor air purifier against the smog crisis in India by using a comprehensive theoretical framework based on the combination of the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 also emphasized ensuring a healthy and safe life, especially by achieving SDG-3, SDG-11 and SDG-13.

Design/methodology/approach

Using purposive sampling, the data were collected through a survey questionnaire distributed to 382 households, and study hypotheses were assessed by using partial least squares structural equation modeling employing SmartPLS.

Findings

The results revealed that mental health risk perception (MHRP) was the most influential determinant of households’ attitudes toward adopting air purifiers, followed by smog knowledge, physical health risk perception (PHRP), information seeking and product knowledge. Notably, results revealed that households’ attitude is a leading determinant of their adoption intention toward the air purifier compared to subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC).

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first to provide new insights into an individual’s protective behavior response toward ecological hazards by examining the households’ adoption intention toward the air purifier against the smog crisis using PADM and TPB model inclusively. In addition, the present study analyzes the impact of both PHRP and MHRP on individuals’ protective behavior separately. Also, this study provides theoretical contributions and important practical implications for the government, manufacturers and air purifier sellers.
Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of colorectal sessile serrated lesions with or without dysplasia/carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Qing Qing , Wu Jian Di , Li Xue Yan , Fang Fei Fei , Li Gang Ping , Bai Tao , Song Jun
Published: August 2024

Objective

We aimed to compare the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) with dysplasia/carcinoma (SSLD/Cs) and SSLs without dysplasia in this systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for relevant studies published up to August 28, 2023. The primary outcome was lesion size in SSLD/Cs and SSLs without dysplasia. The secondary outcomes included risk of dysplasia/carcinoma, morphology (classified based on the Paris classification), and lesion features such as mucus cap and nodules/protrusions in the two groups.

Results

Thirteen studies with 14 381 patients were included. The proportion of SSLD/Cs ≥10 mm was significantly higher than that of SSLs without dysplasia (odds ratio [OR] 3.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–12.02, p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the risk of dysplasia/carcinoma between the proximal (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.57–1.14) and distal colon (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.88–1.77, p = 0.21). The 0‐Ip (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.50–4.09) and 0‐IIa + Is (OR 10.38, 95% CI 3.08–34.98) morphologies were more prevalent among SSLD/Cs, whereas the 0‐IIa morphology (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.22–0.65) was more prevalent among SSLs without dysplasia (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, mucus cap (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42–0.89, p = 0.01) was more common among SSLs without dysplasia, whereas nodules/protrusions (OR 7.80, 95% CI 3.07–19.85, p < 0.001) were more common in SSLD/Cs.

Conclusion

SSLs >10 mm, 0‐Ip or 0‐IIa + Is morphologies, and those with nodules/protrusions are significantly associated with dysplasia/carcinoma.
A genetic method to infer ploidy and aberrant inheritance in triploid organisms
Authors: Delaval Aurélien , Glover Kevin A. , Solberg Monica F. , Taggart John B. , Besnier François , Sørvik Anne Grete Eide , Øyro Johanne , Garnes‐Gutvik Sofie Nordaune , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Hansen Tom , Harvey Alison
Published: August 2024

Polyploidy occurs naturally across eukaryotic lineages and has been harnessed in the domestication of many crops and vertebrates. In aquaculture, triploidy can be induced as a biocontainment strategy, as it creates a reproductive barrier preventing farm‐to‐wild introgression, which is currently a major conservation issue for the industry. However, recent work suggests that triploidisation protocols may, on occasion, produce ‘failed triploids’ displaying diploidy, aneuploidy and aberrant inheritance. The potentially negative consequences for conservation and animal welfare motivate the need for methods to evaluate the success of ploidy‐manipulation protocols early in the production process. We developed a semi‐automated version of the MAC‐PR (microsatellite DNA allele counting – peak ratios) method to resolve the allelic configuration of large numbers of individuals across a panel of microsatellite markers that can be used to infer ploidy, pedigree and inheritance aberrations. We demonstrate an application of the approach using material from a series of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) breeding experiments where ploidy was manipulated using a hydrostatic pressure treatment. We validated the approach to infer ploidy against blood smears, finding a > 99% agreement between these methods, and demonstrate its potential utility to infer ploidy as early as the embryonic stage. Furthermore, we present tools to assign diploid and triploid progeny to families and to detect aberrant inheritance, which may be useful for breeding programmes that utilise ploidy manipulation techniques. The approach adds to the ploidy verification toolbox. The increased precision in detecting ploidy and inheritance aberrations will facilitate the ability of triploidisation programmes to prevent farm‐to‐wild introgression.
Non‐linear phylogenetic regression using regularised kernels
Authors: Rosas‐Puchuri Ulises , Santaquiteria Aintzane , Khanmohammadi Sina , Solís‐Lemus Claudia , Betancur‐R Ricardo
Published: August 2024

Phylogenetic regression is a type of generalised least squares (GLS) method that incorporates a modelled covariance matrix based on the evolutionary relationships between species (i.e. phylogenetic relationships). While this method has found widespread use in hypothesis testing via phylogenetic comparative methods, such as phylogenetic ANOVA, its ability to account for non‐linear relationships has received little attention.

To address this, here we implement a phylogenetic Kernel Ridge Regression (phyloKRR) method that utilises GLS in a high‐dimensional feature space, employing linear combinations of phylogenetically weighted data to account for non‐linearity. We analysed two biological datasets using the Radial Basis Function and linear kernel function. The first dataset contained morphometric data, while the second dataset comprised discrete trait data and diversification rates as response variable. Hyperparameter tuning of the model was achieved through cross‐validation rounds in the training set.

In the tested biological datasets, phyloKRR reduced the error rate (as measured by RMSE) by around 20% compared to linear‐based regression when data did not exhibit linear relationships. In simulated datasets, the error rate decreased almost exponentially with the level of non‐linearity.

These results show that introducing kernels into phylogenetic regression analysis presents a novel and promising tool for complementing phylogenetic comparative methods. We have integrated this method into Python package named phyloKRR, which is freely available at: https://github.com/ulises‐rosas/phylokrr.
If the peri‐operative patient pathway was right, what would it look like?
Authors: Watters David Allan , Scott David A. , Sammour Tarik , Harris Ben , Ludbrook Guy Lawrence
Published: August 2024

Background

Patients undergoing surgery deserve the best possible peri‐operative outcomes. Each stage of the peri‐operative patient journey offers opportunities to improve care delivery, with shorter lengths of stay, less complications, reduced costs and better value.

Methods

These opportunities were identified through narrative review of the literature, with consultation and consensus at the hidden pandemic (of postoperative complications) summit 2, July 2023 in Adelaide, Australia

Results

Before surgery: Some patients who receive timely alternative treatments may not need surgery at all. The period of waiting after listing should be a time of preparation. Risk assessment at the time of surgical listing facilitates recognition of need for comorbidity optimisation and identifies those who will most benefit from prehabilitation, particularly frail and deconditioned patients.

During surgery

During the surgical admission, ERAS programs result in less postoperative complications, shorter length of stay and better patient experience but require agreement between clinicians, and coordinated monitoring of delivery of the elements in the ERAS bundle of care.

After surgery

At‐risk patients need to have the appropriate levels of monitoring for cardiovascular instability, renal impairment or respiratory dysfunction, to facilitate timely, proactive management if they develop. Access to allied health in the early postoperative period is also critical for promoting mobility, and earlier discharge, particularly after joint surgery. Where appropriate, provision of rehabilitation services at home improves patient experience and adds value. The peri‐operative patient journey begins and ends with primary care so there is a need for clear communication, documentation, around sharing of responsibility between practitioners at each stage.

Conclusion

Identifying and mitigating risk to reduce complications and length of stay in hospital will improve outcomes for patients and deliver the best value for the health system.
Preoperative anatomical landmarks and longitudinal HeartMate 3 pump position in X‐rays: Relevance for adverse events
Authors: Widhalm Gregor , Aigner Philipp , Gruber Bernhard , Moscato Francesco , Moayedifar Roxana , Schaefer Anne‐Kristin , Dimitrov Kamen , Zimpfer Daniel , Riebandt Julia , Schlöglhofer Thomas
Published: August 2024

Background

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) malposition has been linked to hemocompatibility‐related adverse events (HRAEs). This study aimed to identify preoperative anatomical landmarks and postoperative pump position, associated with HRAEs during LVAD support.

Methods

Pre‐ and postoperative chest X‐ray measures (≤14 days pre‐implantation, first postoperative standing, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post‐implantation) were analyzed for their association with HRAEs over 24 months in 33 HeartMate 3 (HM3) patients (15.2% female, age 66 (9.5) years).

Results

HM3 patients with any HRAE showed significantly lower preoperative distances between left ventricle and thoracic outline (dLVT) (25.3 ± 10.2 mm vs. 40.3 ± 15.5 mm, p = 0.004). A ROC‐derived cutoff dLVT ≤ 29.2 mm provided 85.7% sensitivity and 72.2% specificity predicting any HRAE during HM3 support (76.2% (>29.2 mm) vs. 16.7% (≤29.2 mm) freedom from HRAE, p < 0.001) and significant differences in cardiothoracic ratio (0.58 ± 0.04 vs. 0.62 ± 0.04, p = 0.045). Postoperative X‐rays indicated lower pump depths in patients with ischemic strokes (9.1 ± 16.2 mm vs. 38.0 ± 18.5 mm, p = 0.007), reduced freedom from any neurological event (pump depth ≤ 28.7 mm: 45.5% vs. 94.1%, p = 0.004), and a significant correlation between pump depth and inflow cannula angle (r = 0.66, p < 0.001). Longitudinal changes were observed in heart‐pump width (F(4,60) = 5.61, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Preoperative X‐ray markers are associated with postoperative HRAE occurrence. Applying this knowledge in clinical practice may enhance risk stratification, guide therapy optimization, and improve HM3 recipient management.
Increase of pyogenic bacterial infections after relaxation of social distancing measures linked to COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rossetti Vanessa , Amaddeo Alessandro , Vanz Daniele , Boscarelli Alessandro , Minute Marta , Cozzi Giorgio
Published: August 2024

Aim

After the relaxation of COVID‐19 mitigation measures, we observed a dramatic increase in pyogenic infections. Based on this observation, we retrospectively analysed all cases of invasive bacterial infections of brain, lung and complicated ear–nose–throat (ENT) infections, in the period from 1 August to 31 March from the years 2018–2019 to 2022–2023.

Methods

The study was conducted in two Paediatric Emergency Departments, at IRCCS ‘Burlo Garofolo’ of Trieste and at Treviso Hospital. Electronic medical records were searched for all cases with a definitive diagnosis at discharge of mastoiditis, suppurative cervical lymphadenitis, retropharyngeal, parapharyngeal and peritonsillar abscess (ENT group), bacterial brain abscesses, epidural empyema, subdural empyema (central nervous system group), thoracic empyema and necrotising pneumonia (lung group).

Results

In 2022–2023, we observed an increase in infections compared to the previous years. Total number of cases were 22, 29, 8, 27 and 63 in 2018–2019, 2019–2020, 2020–2021, 2021–2022 and 2022–2023, respectively. The greater increase occurred in thoracic empyema, with a peak incidence of +120% in 2022–2023 in respect of 2021–2022.

Conclusion

We reported an important increase in paediatric bacterial complicated infections in two North East Italian regions, possibly correlated with the relaxation of COVID‐19 social distancing measures.
Foreign‐born 5‐year‐old children with cleft palate had poorer speech outcomes than their native‐born peers
Authors: Lendt Louise , Becker Magnus , Eriksson Marie , Klintö Kristina
Published: August 2024

Aim

Speech difficulties are common in children with cleft palate, but research on foreign‐born children is limited. This study aimed to compare speech outcomes, surgery and speech intervention in 5‐year‐old foreign‐born and Swedish‐born children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip.

Methods

This retrospective study analysed data from the Swedish cleft lip and palate registry for children born between 2009 and 2016 using Pearson's Chi‐squared test and binary logistic regression.

Results

Among 160 foreign‐born (106 boys, 54 girls) and 847 Swedish‐born (479 boys, 368 girls) 5‐year‐olds, foreign‐born children had significantly lower rates of sufficient velopharyngeal competence (77% vs. 86%), age‐appropriate consonant production (28% vs. 60%), and speech without non‐oral speech errors (70% vs. 86%). Differences remained after adjustment for cleft type, gender and additional diagnosed conditions. After further adjustments for age at completed primary palatal surgery, differences in age‐appropriate consonant production and speech without non‐oral speech errors remained significant. Foreign‐born children underwent completed primary palatal surgery at older ages and received more secondary palatal surgery and speech intervention than Swedish‐born peers.

Conclusion

Foreign‐born children showed poorer speech outcomes than Swedish‐born peers, despite more secondary palatal surgery and speech intervention. Age at completed primary palatal surgery could partly explain these differences.
Will older adults be represented in patient‐reported data? Opportunities and realities
Authors: Roxburgh Nina
Published: August 2024

Policy makers and health professionals are grappling with the high costs of and demand for health care, questions of sustainability and value, and changing population demographics—in particular, ageing populations. Digital solutions, including the adoption of patient‐reported measures, are considered critical in achieving person‐centred and value‐based health care. However, the utility of patient‐reported measures and the data they produce may be subject to ageist beliefs, prejudices and attitudes, rendering these data ineffective at promoting improved patient experiences and outcomes for older adults. This article explores the ethical considerations raised in relation to patient‐reported measures and the digital agency of older patients.
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Time Distortion in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Rinaldi Matthew
Published: August 2024

Psychodynamic psychotherapy does not feature in current treatment guidelines for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the United Kingdom. However, there is some psychoanalytic understanding of the disorder, which is corroborated in current neuroscientific theory, and supports clinicians in thinking beyond the behaviourally biased diagnosis and treatment models. One of the core features of ADHD is distortions in chronoception. This clinical paper therefore explores the psychoanalytic and neuroscientific theories of time perception as a way of exploring a discrete element of the complex idea of executive functioning more generally. It supports therapists approaching such executive dysfunction and to reconsider the treatment guidelines. A case example is used to explore how a transference‐, affect‐ and relationally‐focussed therapy can effect lasting change for people with ADHD in a way that behavioural and medication approaches do not. It is argued that such an intervention can improve oscillatory attention between subjective‐ and objective‐time and increase the capacity to self‐contain emotions. This brings patients into alignment with reality and restarts their psychic development towards themselves, others, the parental couple and grieving, which stalled in infancy. The internalised schema of the 50‐minute therapy session also provides a frame of reference for future tasks.
Exploring the role of non‐canonical splice site variants in aberrant splicing associated with reproductive genetic disorders
Authors: Zhou Ling , Yang Min , Mei Mei , Mai Zhuoyao , Li Xiaojuan , Deng Kewen , Chen Shiyi , Lin Siyuan , Li Yinshi , Jiang Weilun , Chen Hui , He Zuyong , Yuan Ping
Published: August 2024

Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) is frequently utilized in diagnosing reproductive genetic disorders to identify various genetic variants. Canonical ±1,2 splice sites are typically considered highly pathogenic, while variants at the 5′ or 3′ ends of exon boundaries are often considered synonymous or missense variants, with their potential impact on abnormal gene splicing frequently overlooked. In this study, we identified five variants located at the last two bases of the exons and two canonical splicing variants in five distinct families affected by reproductive genetic disorders through WES. Minigene analysis, RT‐PCR and Quantitative Real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) confirmed that all seven variants induced aberrant splicing, with six variants altering gene transcriptional expression levels. These findings underscore the crucial role of splice variants, particularly non‐canonical splice sites variants, in reproductive genetic disorders, with all identified variants classified as pathogenic.
A 3D micro‐CT assessment of composition and structure of bone tissue after vertical and horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation using CAD/CAM‐customized titanium mesh
Authors: Cucchi Alessandro , Marchiori Gregorio , Sartori Maria , Fini Milena , Fiorino Antonino , Donati Raffaele , Corinaldesi Giuseppe , Maglio Melania
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To date, no studies have exploited micro‐CT in humans to evaluate bone morphology and structure after bone augmentation with CAD/CAM‐customized titanium mesh, in mandible and maxilla. The aim of this study was to assess the composition and microstructure of bone biopsy through micro‐CT analysis.

Materials and Methods

Bone augmentation at both maxillary and mandible sites was performed on 30 patients randomly treated with customized mesh, either alone (M−) or covered with resorbable membrane (M+), in both cases filled 50:50 with autogenous bone and xenograft. After 6 months, biopsies were taken and micro‐CT was performed on consecutive 1‐mm‐thick VOIs from coronal to apical side, measuring tissue volumes, trabecular thickness, spacing, and number.

Results

In both groups, irrespective of membrane use, bone tissue (M−: 29.76% vs. M+: 30.84%) and residual graft material (M−: 14.87% vs. M+: 13.11%) values were similar. Differences were site‐related (maxillary vs. mandibular) with higher percentage of bone tissue and trabecular density of low‐mineralized bone and overall bone in the mandible.

Conclusions

The composition and structure of bone tissue, as assessed by micro‐CT after alveolar ridge augmentation using CAD/CAM‐customized titanium meshes, showed similar features regardless of whether a collagen membrane was applied.
Role of national regime ideology for predicting biodiversity outcomes
Authors: Jones Jacob , Griffin Andrea S. , Agbola Frank W. , Hayward Matt W.
Published: August 2024

The rapid decline of global biodiversity has engendered renewed debate about the social, economic, and political factors contributing to it. Specifically, there is little understanding of the role that political ideology within a country (e.g., nationalism, conservatism, socialism) plays in determining biodiversity outcomes. We used negative binomial generalized linear models to investigate the importance of national regime ideology in predicting threatened animal species and protected area establishment compared with other factors that affect biodiversity outcomes, such as gross domestic product, inequality, and democracy. For threatened animals, the model with the highest Akaike weight suggested adverse biodiversity outcomes arose from larger gross domestic product (β = 0.120, p < 0.001). However, nationalism (β = 0.371, p < 0.01) and socialism (β = 0.293, p < 0.05) were also significantly associated with increased proportions of threatened species. For protected areas, the model with the highest Akaike weight suggested increases in democracy (β = 0.880, p < 0.001) led to a rise in relative protected area estate. Conservative regime ideology was also associated with greater protected area estate, although this did not increase the weight of evidence in support of the best models. These findings highlight the relevance of political ideology for predicting biodiversity outcomes at a national scale and illustrate opportunities to tailor policies and advocacy to promote biodiversity conservation more effectively. By targeting appropriate messaging and political advocacy, conservationists can improve the likelihood that politicians and their nations will participate in positive biodiversity actions.
Strategies for advancing inclusive biodiversity research through equitable practices and collective responsibility
Authors: Valdez Jose , Damasceno Gabriella , Oh Rachel R. Y. , Quintero Uribe Laura Catalina , Barajas Barbosa Martha Paola , Amado Talita Ferreira , Schmidt Chloé , Fernandez Miguel , Sharma Sandeep
Published: August 2024

Biodiversity research is essential for addressing the global biodiversity crisis, necessitating diverse participation and perspectives of researchers from a wide range of backgrounds. However, conservation faces a significant inclusivity problem because local expertise from biodiversity‐rich but economically disadvantaged regions is often underrepresented. This underrepresentation is driven by linguistic bias, undervalued contributions, parachute science practices, and capacity constraints. Although fragmented solutions exist, a unified multistakeholder approach is needed to address the interconnected and systemic conservation issues. We devised a holistic framework of collective responsibility across all research participants and tailored strategies that embrace diversity and dismantle systemic barriers to equitable collaboration. This framework delineates the diverse actors and practices required for promoting inclusivity in biodiversity research, assigning clear responsibilities to researchers, publishers, institutions, and funding bodies. Strategies for researchers include cultivating self‐awareness, expanding literature searches, fostering partnerships with local experts, and promoting knowledge exchange. For institutions, we recommend establishing specialized liaison roles, implementing equitable policies, allocating resources for diversity initiatives, and enhancing support for international researchers. Publishers can facilitate multilingual dissemination, remove financial barriers, establish inclusivity standards, and ensure equitable representation in peer review. Funders must remove systemic barriers, strengthen research networks, and prioritize equitable resource allocation. Implementing these stakeholder‐specific strategies can help dismantle deep‐rooted biases and structural inequities in biodiversity research, catalyzing a shift toward a more inclusive and representative model that amplifies diverse perspectives and maximizes collective knowledge for effective global conservation.
Design and management considerations for the Kenya–Tanzania marine transboundary conservation area
Authors: Horigue Vera , Tuda Arthur , Maina Joseph
Published: August 2024

Although transboundary conservation areas (TCAs) are critical tools for protecting ecosystems and ecological processes that transcend national jurisdictions, they are challenging to create due to the differences in governance contexts and capacity and power dynamics among countries. Marine TCAs are also more difficult to enforce relative to terrestrial TCAs because most nations still treat oceans as open access. Current guidelines for TCA development and implementation also focus mostly on terrestrial TCAs, which are not practical for marine TCAs. Hence, we reviewed the challenges associated with the design and management of marine TCAs and devised analytical and practical approaches to support the application of spatial planning frameworks and adaptive governance mechanisms. We used the lessons from the review to examine the decisions made for the proposed marine TCA in the Kenya–Tanzania border region and created options and considerations to promote effective design and management processes. We found the obstacles to marine TCAs in general are related to issues of fit, particularly differences in environmental research capacity, socioeconomic contexts, and internal institutional arrangements. These included differences in knowledge and capacity for marine ecological research and conservation; ability to adjust and update data; differences in values, interests, and resource uses; conservation costs; jurisdictional differences; engagement of multiple levels of organization; and differences in legal bases and policy development processes. Understanding and reconciling these challenges during the TCA development process can help enhance meaningful discussions in the design of the TCA and cultivate the enabling conditions for collaborative governance across countries and within different levels of organization from national to local actors.
Using spatial capture‐recapture models to estimate spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) population density and assess the influence of sex‐specific covariates on space use and detection probability
Authors: Visagie Marna , Davis Robert S. , Venter Jan A. , Honiball Terry‐Lee
Published: August 2024

Despite being resident or reintroduced to multiple South African protected areas, spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) have been subject to limited population monitoring and are not managed in the same intensive way as other large carnivores. Considering the species' significant influence on ecosystem processes, robust estimates of population density are necessary to inform conservation management. In this study, we ran a single‐season camera trap survey in the Main Camp section of Addo Elephant National Park (Addo), South Africa, and used spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) models to estimate spotted hyaena population density. Spotted hyaena density was estimated to be 11.13 (± SE 1.96) individuals/100 km2, with an estimated abundance of 37 (± SE 6.44) individuals. Using our database of sexed spotted hyaena individuals, we found no significant difference for sex‐specific SCR parameters (baseline encounter probability and spatial scale parameter), suggesting the incorporation of sex‐specific information may not be as necessary for spotted hyaena as it is for territorial felids and other species with more pronounced differences in range size. Spotted hyaena density in Addo was comparable to previous SCR studies and towards the higher end of known densities. Our estimate provides an important baseline for monitoring reintroduction success in Addo, and we advocate for increased SCR monitoring of spotted hyaena in South African protected areas to inform a metapopulation approach to the species' management.
Discriminant diagnostic validity of paediatric bipolar disorder screening tests: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alcaíno Cristian , Raouna Aigli , Tunç Hamdullah , MacBeth Angus , Bird Timothy , Youngstrom Eric
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Bipolar disorders (BD) are among the most significantly impairing of childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Although BD symptoms may begin in adolescence, they are frequently not diagnosed until adulthood, and accordingly BD scales could aid diagnostic assessment in paediatric populations. This review aims to synthesis the evidence for the accuracy of BD symptom index tests for discriminating BD from non‐BD (other diagnoses or healthy controls) in paediatric population. Additionally, several theoretically relevant moderators of diagnostic accuracy were evaluated.

Methods

A systematic search across three databases were conducted from 1980 to 2022, augmented by grey literature database searches, citation chaining and contacting authors. Data from eligible studies were synthesized using meta‐analysis. A multilevel model was fitted to account for nested effect sizes, with 31 potential moderators examined in univariate and multivariate models.

Results

Twenty‐Eight studies were eligible, yielding 115 effect sizes for analysis. Meta‐analytic modelling indicated BD symptom index tests have a high diagnostic accuracy (g = 1.300; 95% CI: 0.982 − 1.619; p < .001) in paediatric population. Accuracy was relative to the type of comparison group, index test content, index test informant and index test's scale or subscale.

Conclusions

Screening tests based on mania content, caregiver report and non‐healthy comparison groups have clinical utility in identifying paediatric BD. Other informant‐and‐content combination may not accurately identify paediatric BD. Unlike healthy controls, tests derived from studies using non‐healthy comparison groups, represent BD symptom non‐specificity and BD symptom overlap with other disorders, providing external validity and clinical utility.
Exploring the therapeutic potential of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in progressive multiple sclerosis—a systematic review
Authors: Braun Bente , Fischbach Felix , Pfeffer Lena Kristina , Richter Johanna , Janson Dietlinde , Kröger Nicolaus M. , Mariottini Alice , Heesen Christoph , Häußler Vivien
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose

The aim was to determine the value of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) as a therapeutic intervention for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) based on a systematic review of the current literature.

Methods

All studies from the databases PubMed and Google Scholar published in English before February 2024 which provided individual data for PMS patients were systematically reviewed. PICO was defined as population (P), primary progressive MS and secondary progressive MS patients; intervention (I), treatment with aHSCT; comparison (C), none, disease‐modifying therapy treated/relapsing–remitting MS cohorts if available; outcome (O), transplant‐related mortality, progression‐free survival (PFS) and no evidence of disease activity.

Results

A total of 15 studies met the criteria including 665 patients with PMS (74 primary progressive MS, 591 secondary progressive MS) and 801 patients with relapsing–remitting MS as controls. PFS data were available for 647 patients. PMS patients showed more severe disability at baseline than relapsing–remitting MS patients. The average transplant‐related mortality for PMS in 10 studies was 1.9%, with 10 deaths in 528 patients. PFS ranged from 0% to 78% in PMS groups 5 years after treatment initiation, demonstrating a high variability. No evidence of disease activity scores at 5 years ranged from 0% to 75%.

Conclusion

Based on the available data, aHSCT does not halt progression in people with PMS. However, there appears to be evidence of improved outcome in selected patients. Due to the heterogeneity of the available data, more comprehensive clinical trials assessing the efficacy of aHSCT across different patient groups are urgently needed to reduce variability and improve patient stratification.
Climate change could fuel urinary schistosomiasis transmission in Africa and Europe
Authors: van der Deure Tiem , Maes Tim , Huyse Tine , Stensgaard Anna‐Sofie
Published: August 2024

The freshwater snail Bulinus truncatus is an important intermediate host for trematode parasites causing urogenital schistosomiasis, a tropical disease affecting over 150 million people. Despite its medical importance, uncertainty remains about its global distribution and the potential impacts of climate change on its future spread. Here, we investigate the distribution of B. truncatus, combining the outputs of correlative and mechanistic modelling methods to fully capitalize on both experimental and occurrence data of the species and to create a more reliable distribution forecast than ever constructed. We constructed ensemble correlative species distribution models using 273 occurrence points collected from different sources and a combination of climatic and (bio)physical environmental variables. Additionally, a mechanistic thermal suitability model was constructed, parameterized by recent life‐history data obtained through extensive lab‐based snail‐temperature experiments and supplemented with an extensive literature review. Our findings reveal that the current suitable habitat for B. truncatus encompasses the Sahel region, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean segment of Africa, stretching from Southern Europe to Mozambique. Regions identified as suitable by both methods generally coincide with areas exhibiting high urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence. Model projections into the future suggest an overall net increase in suitable area of up to 17%. New suitable habitat is in Southern Europe, the Middle East, and large parts of Central Africa, while suitable habitat will be lost in the Sahel region. The change in snail habitat suitability may substantially increase the risk of urogenital schistosomiasis transmission in parts of Africa and Southern Europe while reducing it in the Sahel region.
A spatial decision support framework for equitable sensor network distribution in the smart city
Authors: Zied Abozied Eman , Robinson Caitlin , Franklin Rachel , Court Kate , Roberts Jack
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a proof‐of‐concept spatial decision support system (SDSS) that assists decision‐makers to generate equitably distributed sensor networks and evaluate their placement with reference to specific population‐based coverage criteria. Our approach centres equity in infrastructure distribution; we focus on the decision‐making process required to achieve the best possible sensor coverage of the geographical area for selected vulnerable populations and visualise trade‐offs in coverage inherent in infrastructure distribution. The development of the tool brings together expertise from quantitative geography, urban planning, data science and software engineering, and its technical development is underpinned and shaped by interviews with decision‐makers and their iterative feedback. Through this, we ask: how can decision support tools help with the work of building equitable infrastructure? As well as a technical application, our approach develops a conceptual framework for evaluating sensor network purpose and distribution before actual placement. The unique combination of distribution algorithms, user interface and decision‐maker input, developed by an interdisciplinary team, offers a novel approach to sensor network conceptualisation and generation. Our research contributes to the understanding of the distribution of essential infrastructure and can be repurposed for any sensor type and geographical location to promote equity in infrastructure distribution.
Intraoperative margin assessment during radical prostatectomy: is microscopy frozen in time or ready for digital defrost?
Authors: Dinneen Eoin , Almeida‐Magana Ricardo , Al‐Hammouri Tarek , Fernandes Iona , Mayor Nikhil , Mendes Larissa , Winkler Mathias , Silvanto Anna , Haider Aiman , Freeman Alex , Shaw Greg
Published: August 2024

Intraoperative frozen section (IFS) is used with the intention to improve functional and oncological outcomes for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). High resource requirements of IFS techniques such as NeuroSAFE may preclude widespread adoption, even if there are benefits to patients. Recent advances in fresh‐tissue microscopic digital imaging technologies may offer an attractive alternative, and there is a growing body of evidence regarding these technologies. In this narrative review, we discuss some of the familiar limitations of IFS and compare these to the attractive counterpoints of modern digital imaging technologies such as the speed and ease of image generation, the locality of equipment within (or near) the operating room, the ability to maintain tissue integrity, and digital transfer of images. Confocal laser microscopy (CLM) is the modality most frequently reported in the literature for margin assessment during RP. We discuss several imitations and obstacles to widespread dissemination of digital imaging technologies. Among these, we consider how the ‘en‐face’ margin perspective will challenge urologists and pathologists to understand afresh the meaning of positive margin significance. As a part of this, discussions on how to describe, categorize, react to, and evaluate these technologies are needed to improve patient outcomes. Limitations of this review include its narrative structure and that the evidence base in this field is relatively immature but developing at pace.
Undisclosed facts in Friedrich Wegener's links with Nazism
Authors: Arkuszewski Piotr , Cieślak‐Arkuszewska Adriana
Published: August 2024

Friedrich Wegener was the author of a comprehensive description of a disease that was named Wegener's granulomatosis. In 2010, its name was changed to granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), the reason being that Wegener's links to Nazism were revealed. The research was conducted between May 2021 and August 2023 and was based on the historical method (understood as defining the subject of research, critical analysis of collected historical source materials, and historiographical synthesis) using the methods of direct and indirect inference ascribed to the historical method. Wegener and his wife were members of numerous Nazi organizations. He was rewarded for his stance by the German Reich. Together with his family, he lived in very comfortable conditions for the standards of the time, unattainable for the average person. He described himself as a frontline combatant in the Nazi invasion of Poland. Friedrich Wegener's links with Nazism were more extensive than has hitherto been known. The links involved his professional and private life. They testify to his membership in numerous Nazi organizations, as well as his active involvement in the activities of various institutions and communities of the German Reich and his overt expression of support for Hitler. Wegener's numerous accolades from the German Reich providing him with professional, material and personal benefits were proof of his links with the Nazi movement. Wegener's association with Nazism helped him to advance his career, and to attain a high social status and quality of life, both before the outbreak and during the Second World War.
A novel route to synthesize B6O powder via reaction between CaB6 and B2O3
Authors: Wang Ya‐Long , Yang Xiao‐Hui , Zhang Guo‐Hua
Published: August 2024

A novel approach was applied to synthesize B6O using CaB6 and B2O3 powders as reactants. CaB6 and B2O3 were reacted to generate B6O and CaB2O4 at 1573 K, and the by‐product CaB2O4 was removed by acid leaching. It was found that the samples prepared in this work were oxygen deficient (B6Ox, x ≈ .76–.77). The optimal molar ratio of CaB6 to B2O3 was determined to be 3:5, and excess B2O3 could not lead to a change in the value of oxygen occupancy. Scanning electron microscope images showed that regular holes similar to the morphologies of CaB6 particles were exhibited in the final samples, which could be explained by the diffusion of CaB6 during the reaction process.
Thermal shock resistance of additively manufactured alumina
Authors: Brechtl Jamieson , Martinez Marco C. , Yoon Bola , Cesarano Joseph , Lara‐Curzio Edgar , Nawaz Kashif
Published: August 2024

The mechanical behavior and cracking patterns of thermally‐shocked additively manufactured alumina were investigated. The flexural strength of test specimens that had been heated to temperatures ranging from 200°C to 1000°C and then rapidly quenched in water was determined at ambient temperature by four‐point bending. Results indicated that the surface cracking patterns had a multifractal structure and that an increase in the thermal shock temperature led to an increase in the density and uniformity of the crack network. The flexural strength results were analyzed with Weibull statistics, where the Weibull moduli for most of the thermal shock conditions tested were found to be statistically indistinguishable. It was also found that a significant decrease (∼50%) in flexural strength occurred for heating temperatures ≥300°C. The effect of the manufacturing method on cracking patterns is discussed, as well as the implication of the material behavior for practical applications of these materials.
Bioactive profiling of two varieties of Indian legumes: adzuki and mung beans
Authors: Sharma Ritu , Kumar Devendra , Gupta Rajinder K.
Published: August 2024

Nutritional benefits of legumes make them an important part of sustainable diets. They are rich not only in dietary fibres, proteins, and micronutrients but also in the bioactive compounds that can exhibit various biological activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the nutritional analysis, phytochemical composition, and in vitro anti‐obesity activity of two varieties of legumes indigenous to India namely, adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) and mung beans (Vigna radiata). GC–MS, UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS, ICP‐MS analyses were done for bioactive compounds, fatty acids, macro‐elements, micro‐elements, protein, and non‐proteinogenic amino acids. GC–MS analysis showed that the major constituents identified were hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and terpenes, while the presence of various secondary metabolites, macro‐ and micro‐nutrients were detected using UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS and ICP‐MS, respectively. FAME analysis revealed a higher concentration of linoleic acid in adzuki beans, which is nutritionally beneficial for human consumption. Amino acid profiling revealed the presence of essential, non‐essential, and non‐proteinogenic amino acids. Further, adzuki beans and mung beans were screened for cytotoxicity on 3T3‐cell line and it was observed that adzuki beans were less cytotoxic as compared to mung beans. Adzuki beans showed higher HMG‐Co‐A reductase enzyme inhibition activity (60%) as compared to mung beans (2.79%). The results indicate that these two legumes are a very good source of bioactive metabolites and can be developed into novel cholesterol‐lowering and anti‐obesity functional foods.
Effect of a novel high‐fibre component from quinoa on the properties of bread‐making
Authors: T. V. Sreechithra , Ray Amrita , Sakhare Suresh D.
Published: August 2024

The study investigates the impact of incorporating a fibre‐rich component derived from quinoa (QFC) into wheat flour on the physicochemical, rheological and bread‐making characteristics. QFC, possessing triple the dietary fibre contents of quinoa grain, increased fibre levels in blends from 4% to 12%. As QFC inclusion increased from 0% to 20%, farinograph water absorption increased from 59.6% to 66.7%, while dough stability decreased from 9.9 to 3.5 min. Amylograph properties exhibited elevated gelatinisation temperature and reduced viscosities with QFC supplementation. Bread hardness surged from 997 to 2800 g with 0%–20% QFC incorporation. Sensory quality remained acceptable up to 15% QFC, beyond which it significantly declined. Additives enhanced bread volume from 2.66 to 3.34 for 15% QFC bread, along with sensory parameters. The QFC‐incorporated bread not only improved nutritional quality but also positioned itself as a viable fibre‐rich alternative in the food industry, promising benefits for health‐conscious consumers.