bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Alloying Elements Zr, Nb and Mo on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Sintered Pr-Fe-Co-B Based Permanent Magnets
Authors: da Silva Melissa Rohrig Martins , Fim R.G.T. , Silva S.C. , Casini Julio Cesar Serafim , Wendhausen P.A.P. , Takiishi Hidetoshi
Published: September 2018

The addition of alloying elements on rare-earth permanent magnets is one of the methods used to improve the magnetic properties. This present work evaluates the influence of alloying elements such as Zr, Nb and Mo on the microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered Pr-FeCo-B based permanent magnets. The permanent magnets were produced by the conventional powder metallurgy route using powder obtained by hydrogen-decrepitation (HD) method from as cast alloys. In order to produce the magnet Pr16Fe66,9Co10,7B5,7Cu0,7 without alloying elements the mixture of alloys method was employed, mixing two compositions: Pr20Fe73B5Cu2 (33% w.t) and Pr14Fe64Co16B6 (67% w.t). With the purpose of evaluating the influence of the alloying elements, the Pr14Fe64Co16B6X0,1 (where X= Zr, Nb or Mo) (67% w.t) alloy was employed. The characterization of the alloys and the magnets was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and the magnetic properties were measured using a permeameter. The magnet without any additions presented the highest intrinsic coercivity (μ0iHc = 748 KA.m-1) while the magnet with Nb addition presented higher remanence (Br = 1,04 T). The magnet with Zr addition presented the highest maximum energy product (BHmáx = 144 KJ.m-3), and the magnet with Mo addition showed the highest squareness factor (SF = 0,73).
Influence of Milling Time on Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of Sintered Nd-Fe-B Based Permanent Magnets
Authors: Fim R.G.T. , Silva M.R.M. , Silva S.C. , Casini Julio Cesar Serafim , Wendhausen P.A.P. , Takiishi Hidetoshi
Published: September 2018

In this paper, the effect of the grain size on sintered Nd-Fe-B based permanent magnets was investigated. In order, the magnets were produced by different milling times at 200 rpm and then vacuum sintered at 1373 K for 60 minutes followed by cooling outside the furnace. The magnets either produced by lower and higher milling times (30 and 75 minutes) exhibited lower remanence and coercivity, due the inhomogeneous distribution of the grain sizes. The magnet produced by intermediary milling time (45 minutes) exhibited the highest properties among all samples, with remanence of 1.06 T, coercivity of 891.3 KA.m-1, maximum energy product of 211 KJ.m3and a squareness factor equal 0.92.
Study of the Thermal Diffusivity Variation in Thin Duplex Steel Plates Welded by GTAW Process
Authors: Betini Evandro Giuseppe , Gomes Maurilio Pereira , Mucsi Cristiano Stefano , de Souza Luz Temístocles , Orlando Marcos Tadeu D'azeredo , Rossi Jesualdo Luiz
Published: September 2018

This study describes the thermal diffusivity of thin duplex steel plates in the thickness direction measured using the laser-flash method after welding. The work reports the experimental efforts in recording temperature profiles of the grade UNS S32304 duplex steel during autogenous welding. The butt weld autogenous joints were carried out by the GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) process with either argon or argon - 2% nitrogen atmospheres. The amount of nitrogen in the heat affected regions, after welding, was measured and correlated with the variation of the thermal diffusivity of the studied material. The temperature profiles were obtained using k-type thermocouples connected to a digital data acquisition system. Different thermal cycles and thermal diffusivity values were observed in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) for both samples. In the solidified zone (SZ) was observed similar increase of the thermal diffusivity values for the plates welded with pure argon and argon plus nitrogen atmosphere.
Study on the Viability of the Recycling by Electric Arc Melting of Zirconium Alloys Scraps Aiming the Scalability of the Process
Authors: Mucsi Cristiano Stefano , dos Reis L.A.M. , Gomes Maurilio Pereira , Pereira L.A.T. , Rossi Jesualdo Luiz
Published: September 2018

Turning chips of zirconium alloys are produced in large quantities during the machining of alloy rods for the fabrication of the end plugs for the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel elements parts of Angra II nuclear reactor (Brazil – Rio de Janeiro). This paper presents a study on the search for an efficient way for the cleaning, quality control and Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) of pressed zirconium alloys chips to produce a material viable to be used in the production of the fuel rod end plugs. The process starts with cutting oil clean out. The first step in this process consists in soaking a bunch of chips in clean water, to remove soluble cutting oils, followed by an alkaline degreasing bath and a wash with a high-pressure flow of water. Drying is performed by a flux of warm air. The oil free chips are then subjected to a magnet in order to detect and collect any magnetic material, essentially ferrous, that may be present in the original chips. Samples of the material are collected and then melted in a small non consumable electrode vacuum arc furnace for evaluation by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRFS) in order to define the quality of the chips. The next step consists in the 15 ton hydraulic pressing the chips in a die with 40 mm square section and 500 mm long, producing an electrode with 20% of the Zircaloy bulk density. The electrode was finally melted in a laboratory scale modified VAR furnace located at the CCTM–IPEN, producing 0.8 kg ingots. The authors conclude that the samples obtained from the fuel element industry can be melting in a VAR furnace, modified to accommodate low density electrodes, allowing a reduction up to 40 times the original storage volume, however, it is necessary to remelt the ingots to correct their composition in order to recycle the original zirconium alloys chips.
in a process to reduce volume and allow the reutilization of valuable Zircaloy scraps.
Microstructure Optimization in δ-TRIP Steels with Al and Nb
Authors: de Souza Baêta Júnior Eustáquio , Botelho Ramón Alves , Araújo Leonardo Sales , Brandão Luiz P. , Monteiro Sergio Neves
Published: September 2018

δ-TRIP steel is a recent concept and has been developed over the last ten years aiming to combine good mechanical strength and ductility. This class of steels is multiphase and contains δ and α ferrites, as well as austenite, bainite and/or martensite. The TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) effect is influenced by those phases proportion, which depends on alloying contents. This paper investigates a chemical composition that allows adequate proportion among the phases, optimizing the microstructures by means of computational methods. These microstructures are designed to contain between 10 to 50% austenite, 10 to 70% α-ferrite and 20 to 80% δ-ferrite at the eutectoid temperature. The ThermoCalc Software [1] was used to predict the fractions of the microconstituents, producing graphs describing areas of interest of microconstituents as function of alloying elements variations that leads to the desired microstructure. Results indicate that the designed volume of the phases can be found for certain proportions among the alloying elements, higher concentrations of Al and Nb combined with C allow or not the occurrence of carbides and other phases in smaller quantities.
Evaluation of the Residual Stress and Microstructure of Extruded and Shot Peened Aluminum Alloy 6082
Authors: Borges Arnaldo A. Ciquielo , de Araújo Mayara Cardoso , Couto Antônio Augusto , de Lima Nelson Batista , Contatori Chester
Published: September 2018

Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloys have been widely used as extruded products due to its mechanical strength and high ductility. The effects induced by shot peening has been extensively used in materials that have potential for structural applications. In this context, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the residual stress induced by shot peening of extruded aluminum alloy 6082. Initially, the effect of heat treatments such as solution treatment and ageing of this alloy was studied. The residual stress measurements were carried out using x-ray diffraction. The microstructure of the alloy was studied by optical microscopy. The crystallographic texture was determined using x-ray diffraction and back-scattered electron diffraction. The heat treatment sequence that resulted in the highest hardness of Al alloy 6082 was solution treatment at 560oC for 30 min, followed by ageing at 185oC for 5 h. The residual stress in compression of the extruded alloy’s surface increased by 87.38%, from-66.6 to-124.8 MPa, caused by shot peening. The residual stress profile indicated an increase in its value up to a depth of 86 μm, beyond which the values obtained were unreliable. The extruded section revealed accentuated crystallographic texture in the (111) plane parallel to the cross-section and in the (200) and (220) planes oriented preferentially in the longitudinal direction to extrusion and perpendicular to the (111) plane.
ZrO2 Pre-Sintered Blocks (3%mol-Y2O3) with Color Gradient for Dental Prostheses
Authors: de Freitas Rodrigo Xavier , dos Santos Claudinei , de Freitas Bruno Xavier , Simba Bruno Galvão
Published: September 2018

In dentistry, metal-free ceramic systems are used to improve optical properties in dental restorations. Ceramics based on tetragonal zirconia ZrO2-Y2O3 are used in the manufacturing of dental prostheses for being biocompatible and for presenting proper mechanical and optical properties. Most of tetragonal zirconia blocks are commercialized in one only hue, which difficult the achievement of high aesthetic performance due to the tooth’s polychromatic characteristics. This work proposes to obtain tetragonal zirconia blocks fabricated by uniaxial cold pressing in different hues which could provide ceramic prostheses with better aesthetic results in less time. Zirconia blocks in two different colors were produced and characterized for their physical properties and mechanical resistance. The colors difference between the layers was obtained by using different amounts of Fe2O3. Ceramics with relative density superior to 99% were obtained by sintering the materials at 1530oC for 120 minutes. The mechanical properties evaluated indicated hardness close to 1270HV and fracture toughness of 7MPa.m1/2. Blocks with different hues may be an alternative in order to favor the aesthetics in the cervical region and decrease the amount of ceramic veneering.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Crystalline Mesoporous Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Nanoparticles
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Flávia Rodrigues , Yoshito Walter Kenji , Cosentino Ivana Conte , Bressiani Ana Helena Almeida , de Lima Nelson Batista
Published: September 2018

A nanosized magnesium substituted beta-tricalcium phosphate (Mg:β-TCP) was synthesized by an aqueous precipitation method, at room temperature, in one single step. In the present study, the novel and stable Mg:β-TCP resulted in a crystalline and spherical nanoparticles (diameter of approximately 20 nm) with mesoporous structures and a high specific surface area (about 574 m2/g). These special characteristics make this novel crystalline mesoporous Mg: β-TCP nanoparticles ideal candidates for drug delivery system and a promising non-viral vector for gene therapy.
Study of the Zirconium and Silicon Homovalent Dopants Insertion on the Structure and Bandgap Energy of Titanium Dioxide Powders
Authors: Garcia Hiana Muniz , de Carli Eduardo Felipe , da Cruz Natali Amarante , Stropa Jusinei Meireles , Favarin Lis Regiane Vizolli , Muchulek Junior Amilcar , de Oliveira Lincoln Carlos Silva , Cavalheiro Alberto Adriano
Published: September 2018

The reconstructive transformation occurring during the anatase-to-rutile phase transition can be observed through adequate techniques such as Thermal Analyses and Z-ray diffractometry followed by structural refinement. The typical photonic properties of titanium dioxide photocatalysts depend on the anatase structure and how the modifiers can provide their performance enhancement. In the present work, we investigate the structural effects caused by the simultaneous homovalent modification on the anatase structure in order to understand the mechanisms of the anatase-to-rutile phase transition in terms of the atomic coordinates and the lattice parameters. The refined structures along the calcination temperature from 500 to 900 oC suggest the oxygen bonds are strongly affected in unmodified anatase in order to destroy and rebuilt the crystal structure and lead to the rutile phase formation above 700 oC, unless some modifier pairs stabilize them.
Gelatinization Technique Applied to the Processing of Porous Clay Bodies
Authors: Storion Ana Gabriele , Campos Maria Gabriela Nogueira , Mariano Neide Aparecida , Mariano Walter Aparecido , Maestrelli Sylma Carvalho
Published: September 2018

Conventional processes for manufacturing porous ceramic sometimes provide bodies with low mechanical strength in addition to the high complexity or cost. This work proposes a new porous ceramic processing route: gelatinization, using as raw material clay with low plasticity, water and gelatin. The characterization of the clay was carried out and specimens of various compositions were produced by varying clay content (40, 50, 55 and 60% of solids) and keeping the water and gelatin content constant in the formulation. After cold forming the samples were fired under various conditions: initial temperature of 300 or 600 °C; maximum firing temperature of 800, 900, 1000, 1100 or 1350 °C. After firing, it was obtained the values of the water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage and mechanical resistance. The best results were for samples fired in temperatures lower than 1100 °C and 50% and 55 % of solid content.
Analysis of Europium Doped Strontium Aluminate Synthesized by Route of PVA Evaporation
Authors: Lima Sayonara Emmanuela Santos de Jesus , dos Santos Edielen F. , Bello Maria E.B.R. , dos Anjos Paulo N.M.
Published: September 2018

In this work strontium aluminate doped with trivalent europium ion was prepared by the method of evaporation of poly vinyl alcohol and their luminescence, structural and thermal properties were investigated. The samples were characterized by thermal differential and thermogravimetry analysis, structural analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and luminescence by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The thermal analysis of aluminate samples showed two mass losses accompanied by endothermic and exothermic processes during the calcination process, not depending on the time employed in calcination. The infrared spectra exhibited characteristic bands of the metals involved in the synthesis of the material demonstrating the formation of strontium aluminate. The diffratogram patterns showed the formation of cubic phase Sr3Al2O6. The fluorescence characterization showed two emission bands attributed to matrix and europium excited states and it was observed that as the calcination time and temperature were increased, the emission of europium in the material was less efficient.
Advanced pancreatic cancer: The standard of care and new opportunities
Authors: Mohammad Amrallah A.
Published: September 2018

Presentation of pancreatic cancer is localized, locally advanced or metastatic. With the later represented the main bulk (more than 80%). Despite the significant innovation in molecular analysis and therapeutic approach in many types of cancer in the last two decades, still the outcome of advanced pancreatic cancer is disappointing and the mortality rate approximately unchanged. In this mandated review we intended to highlight the standard of care and emerging agents for advanced pancreatic cancer treatment.
Contrast Baths, Intramuscular Hemodynamics, and Oxygenation as Monitored by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Shadgan Babak , Pakravan Amir H. , Hoens Alison , Reid W. Darlene
Published: September 2018

Context: 

Contrast baths (CB) is a thermal treatment modality used in sports medicine, athletic training, and rehabilitation settings. Proposed physiological effects of CB include increasing tissue blood flow and oxygenation and decreasing tissue swelling and edema to promote better healing, improved limb function, and quicker recovery.

Objective: 

To investigate the physiological effects of CB on the intramuscular hemodynamics and oxygenation of the lower leg muscles using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), an optical method for monitoring changes in tissue oxygenated (O2Hb), deoxygenated (HHb), and total hemoglobin (tHb) as well as tissue oxygen saturation index (TSI%).

Design: 

Descriptive laboratory study.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Ten healthy men and women with a mean age of 29 (range = 17 ± 42) years, mean body mass index of 24.6 ± 3.2, and mean adipose tissue thickness of 6.4 ± 2.2 mm.

Intervention(s): 

Conventional CB (10-minute baseline, 4 : 1-minute hot : cold ratio) was applied to the left lower leg.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Changes in chromophore concentrations of O2Hb, HHb, tHb, and TSI% of the gastrocnemius muscle were monitored during 10 minutes of baseline measurement, a 30-minute CB protocol, and 10 minutes of recovery using a spatially resolved NIRS.

Results: 

After a 30-minute CB protocol, increases (P < .05) in tissue O2Hb (7.4 ± 4 μM), tHb (7.6 ± 6.1 μM), and TSI% (3.1% ± 2.3%) were observed as compared with baseline measures.

Conclusions: 

Application of CB induced a transient change in the hemodynamics and oxygenation of the gastrocnemius muscle in healthy individuals. The effect of CB application in improving tissue hemodynamics and oxygenation may, therefore, support the therapeutic benefits of CB in the treatment of muscle injuries.
Message in a bottle: the wine terroir concept in Canada, from an earth sciences perspective
Authors: Hamblin A P
Published: September 2018

Geology is an important, but less-recognized, scientific factor in the agriculture of long-lived, deep-rooted plant crops such as vineyards, orchards and forests. This report focusses on the concept of vineyard agriculture as one example of how geological factors
may affect a resulting crop. While acknowledging the pre-eminence of climatic factors, Earth Science forms part of the multi-factor, holistic concept of mp;lt;"terroirmp;gt;", which can help to maximize the potential of wine quality in a cool-climate country like Canada. Key publications, such as
Wallace (1972), Wilson (1998), the series launched by Haynes (1999), and Macqueen and Meinert (2006) have emphasized the role of geology in the terroir concept and set the scene for further study. Thinking conceptually, from the ground upward, the main components of the Terroir concept can be
divided into: 1) Geological (bedrock geology, surficial geology, soil, groundwater, topography and bodies of water); 2) Climatological (latitude, macro-climate, rainfall, sunshine, temperature and micro-climate); 3) Biological (vineyard age, grape varietal, microorganisms, nutrients and yeast); and,
4) Agricultural (viticultural techniques, management practices) (although this last is not dealt with in this report).
While not an exhaustive study, this report is meant to bring together and organize a preliminary summary of relevant information and sources, in order to suggest areas of study where geoscience may be able to contribute to improved understanding. Although this report focusses on wine terroir, the
principles are equally applicable to other, similar long-lived, deep-rooted plant systems such as fruit orchards (particularly cider production, which is closely-related to wine-making), olive orchards and forests. Each of the terroir factors (including the geological ones) needs to be studied, and
new understanding improved and applied within each wine region and sub-region of Canada, to maximize the potential for quality wine from our northern, cool-climate, constantly-evolving wine industry.
Периодические свойства многомерного полиномиального генератора над кольцом Галуа. I
Authors: Kozlitin Oleg Alekseevich
Published: September 2018

Изучаются периодические свойства многомерных полиномиальных подстановок над кольцом Галуа $R$. Вычислен максимум $L_m(R)$ длин циклов $m$-мерных полиномиальных подстановок. Предложен метод построения подстановок, обладающих циклом длины $L_m(R)$. В частном случае найден цикловой тип $m$-мерной полиномиальной подстановки. Работа обобщает полученные ранее результаты на случай произвольной размерности $m$ и произвольного кольца Галуа $R$.
Минимальные согласованные системы локальных вероятностных соотношений в AES-подобных алгоритмах шифрования
Authors: Fedchenko V A
Published: September 2018

В терминах теоретико-графовой модели дано исчерпывающее описание согласованных систем локальных линейных (разностных) вероятностных соотношений с наименьшим числом активных S-блоков для AES-подобных алгоритмов шифрования c произвольным числом итераций, с равномерно рассеивающими перестановками и локальными матрицами с фиксированным линейным (разностным) коэффициентом рассеивания.
A extrafiscalidade como instrumento de controle do impacto ambiental gerado pelos resíduos sólidos diante da globalização do mercado
Authors: Maia Fernando Joaquim Ferreira , Silva Rafaela Patrícia Inocêncio da
Published: September 2018

A globalização representa um fenômeno amplo que apresenta implicações distintas de acordo com o ponto de vista observado. A partir da leitura do livro de Danilo Zolo, “Globalização: um mapa dos problemas”, se dará mais visibilidade à globalização em suas nuances relacionadas às questões ambientais, principalmente no que se refere os resíduos provenientes dos bens consumidos. Logo, é preciso fazer uma releitura da globalização, pois acabar com esta é impossível, da mesma forma também não é viável uma solução que acabe com os resíduos sólidos. Desta maneira, não basta somente discutir como diminuir a geração destes resíduos, é crucial desenvolver mecanismos para estimular estas ações. Uma ferramenta a nível nacional que se apresenta nesta empreitada é a Lei nº 12.305/2010 (PNRS), pois em seu art. 8º, inciso IX, ela elenca instrumentos de “incentivos fiscais, financeiros e creditícios” para tentar amenizar os problemas decorrentes dos resíduos sólidos. O método de pesquisa escolhido foi o dedutivo, a técnica de pesquisa empregada foi a documentação por meio indireto. Também se fez uso da pesquisa bibliográfica.
A fragilização do positivismo jurídico no contexto da sociedade globalizada
Authors: Burmann Tatiane , Cenci Daniel , Wentz Baú Vanderlise
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo pretende, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, fornecer uma crítica à concepção tradicional das fontes do direito ligada ao positivismo jurídico. Entende-se que o referido pensamento resta insuficiente para capturar todas as diferentes modalidades de atos produtores do direito passíveis de serem encontrados nos sistemas jurídicos contemporâneos, bem como que a primazia da lei enquanto fonte jurídica reduz a ideia de direito ao positivismo legislativo, exaurindo a busca do justo e afastando o direito e a justiça. Pois, embora o direito continue a representar a ordem da sociedade e ainda se possam ter as mesmas perguntas e dúvidas jurídicas, as respostas já são outras.
A comparison of building value models for flood risk analysis
Authors: Röthlisberger Veronika , Zischg Andreas P. , Keiler Margreth
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Quantitative flood risk analyses support decisions in flood management policies that aim for cost efficiency. Risk is commonly calculated by a combination of the three quantified factors: hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Our paper focuses on the quantification of exposure, in particular on the relevance of building value estimation schemes within flood exposure analyses on regional to national scales. We compare five different models that estimate the values of flood-exposed buildings. Four of them refer to individual buildings, whereas one is based on values per surface area, differentiated by land use category. That one follows an approach commonly used in flood risk analyses on regional or larger scales. Apart from the underlying concepts, the five models differ in complexity, data and computational expenses required for parameter estimations and in the data they require for model application.The model parameters are estimated by using a database of more than half a million building insurance contracts in Switzerland, which are provided by 11 (out of 19) cantonal insurance companies for buildings that operate under a monopoly within the respective Swiss cantons. Comparing the five model results with the directly applied spatially referenced insurance data suggests that models based on individual buildings produce better results than the model based on surface area, but only if they include an individual building's volume.Applying the five models to all of Switzerland produces results that are very similar with regard to the spatial distribution of exposed-building values. Therefore, for spatial prioritizations, simpler models are preferable. In absolute values, however, the five model results differ remarkably. The two simplest models underestimate the overall exposure, and even more so the extreme high values, upon which risk management strategies generally focus. In decision-making processes based on cost-efficiency, this underestimation would result in suboptimal resource allocation for protection measures. Consequently, we propose that estimating exposed-building values should be based on individual buildings rather than on areas of land use types. In addition, a building's individual volume has to be taken into account in order to provide a reliable basis for cost–benefit analyses. The consideration of other building features further improves the value estimation. However, within the context of flood risk management, the optimal value estimation model depends on the specific questions to be answered. The concepts of the presented building value models are generic. Thus, these models are transferable, with minimal adjustments according to the application's purpose and the data available. Within risk analyses, the paper's focus is on exposure. However, the findings also have direct implications for flood risk analyses as most risk analyses take the value of exposed assets into account in a linear way.
Seeking Adequate Competencies for the Future
Authors: Kaarakainen Meri-Tuulia , Kaarakainen Suvi-Sadetta , Kivinen Antero
Published: September 2018

Digital skills are a prerequisite today for working, studying, civic participation, and maintaining social relationships in our digitalised technical world. These skills are also important both as a general goal and an instrument for learning. This study briefly presents the aims that are related to digital skills of the Finnish curricula, and explores, using a large sample (N = 3,206) of Finnish upper secondary school students, these young people’s digital skills and their distribution. The study provides new insights into the state of these skills and differences found in them and focuses on the relationship between these results and the students’ present educational choices and future study/employment intentions. The actual variability of digital skills among upper secondary students is one of the main findings of the study. On the same educational level, it was found that digital skills vary enormously, particularly for students’ current educational choices and their future intentions. Digital skills are also distinctly associated with age for 15 to 22-year-olds. At the same time, gender alone appears to have no prominent effect on the level or adeptness of upper secondary school students’ digital skills.
About the cover artist
Authors: Sørensen Elin Tanding
Published: September 2018

Elin Tanding Sørensen is a landscape architect and visual artist. She is currently a PhD-fellow at the Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, and works as a freelancer with the enterprise Urban Living Laboratory.
Naming Milton's Eve
Authors: Nohrnberg James
Published: September 2018

The present article explores Paradise Lost's fixing on the identity of the first woman, as given and found in her name, from Adam's and God's initial, “quasi-baptismal” speech-acts, to Eve's analogization to legendary fallen or vanquished females, heroes, and heroines, to Eve's name in relation to both the Miltonic Fall-motif of woe and the word “live” in Paradise Lost. If classical allusions and received literary motifs seem to draw Eve into a fatal past, or to anticipate a tragic or doomed future, Milton also makes clear that “reason is also choice,” and we must suspend disbelief in foregone conclusions—that is, in favor of free will—until Adam and Eve have reasoned about (and made) their own fatal choices.
Milton's Lonely God
Authors: Shore Daniel
Published: September 2018

In book 8 of Paradise Lost, God ironically laments that he is “alone / From all Eternitie” (405–6), lacking an “equal” suitable for companionship. This article argues that God's provocative claim to loneliness registers a history of divine desocialization stretching from the depolytheization of the biblical and classical gods to Milton's own relentless reduction of Christianity to its monotheistic core. Milton could not have endorsed divine loneliness, but his poem thinks about it deeply nonetheless.
A Review of Spelling Errors in Arabic and Non-Arabic Contexts
Authors: Falah Altamimi Dheif Allah Hussain , Rashid Radzuwan Ab , Mohamed Elhassan Yasir Mohamed
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this review paper is to identify the core spelling errors in Arabic and Non Arabic Contexts. The most common difficulty that Arab learners may face during their English writing is correct spelling, for many different reasons such as the interference between English and Arabic language and the irregularity of the English language system. Several studies have been undertaken to evaluate writing mistakes and spelling errors in English, and most of them have classified spelling errors into three different categories: morphemic errors, where the errors occur in the morphemes parts (prefixes and suffixes); Intra-Morphemic errors, where errors occur in the word roots themselves such as deleting the final (silent) e vowel in the word write, and splits types, where the learners leave a space inside the word for example, write my self as two words instead of myself, one word. Apart from the three categories mentioned above, other studies claim that there are eight different types of error related to the abilities of the students and the nature of the error, and these include inversion, omission, substitution, segmentation, insertion, pronunciation, miscellaneous, and unclassified errors. In this review paper, we have found interlingual and intralingual –related errors where interlingual errors are mainly caused by the interference of the primary or mother language, while, intralingual errors are due to the system and instruction of the target language. Finally, suggestions are given based on previous research about how to review the spelling errors in Arabic and Non Arabic contexts to identify the error and also overcome the problem through alternatives that can be implemented to create a positive impact and can be furthermore used for all types of positive learning.
Unsupervised Machine Learning for Co/Multimorbidity Analysis
Authors: Singh Shatrunjai P. , Karkare Swagata , Baswan Sudhir M. , Singh Vijendra P.
Published: September 2018

Although co/multimorbidities are associated with a significant increase in mortality, lack of quantitative exploratory techniques often impedes an in-depth analysis of their association. In the current study, we explore the clustering of co/multimorbid patients in the Texas patient population. We employ unsupervised agglomerative hierarchical clustering to find clusters of co/multimorbid patients within this population. Our analysis revealed the presence of nine distinct, clinically relevant clusters of co/multimorbidities within the study population of interest. This technique provides a quantitative exploratory analysis of the co/multimorbidities present in a specific population.
Severity of Septoria Leaf Spot and Sunflower Yield Due to Leaf Wetness Duration
Authors: Brand Silvane Isabel , Heldwein Arno Bernardo , Radons Sidinei Zwick , Silva Jocélia Rosa da , Puhl Andressa Janaína
Published: September 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of leaf wetness on the severity of septoria leaf spot in sunflower. The experiments were performed in two sowing dates in November and January in Santa Maria, RS. Sunflower inoculation was carried out with the Septoria helianthi isolate, with subsequent assessment of disease severity, progress and cypsela yield. The treatments were composed of different periods of 0, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 hours of artificially applied leaf wetness. Variables influencing the disease were observed during the cycle, such as mean air temperature, mean relative air humidity and daily-accumulated rainfall. The greater the leaf wetness the greater the severity and the area under the disease progress curve. Meantime, the healthy leaf area duration has an inverse relation with leaf wetness duration. The yield also decreases with greater leaf wetness duration and the yield reduction reaches 100% in the plants exposed to the longer leaf wetness periods.
Interference Periods of Weeds Infesting Maize Crop
Authors: Galon Leandro , Bagnara Maico André Michelon , Gabiatti Ricardo Luis , Júnior Francisco Wilson Reichert , Basso Felipe José Menin , Nonemacher Felipe , Agazzi Luciane Renata , Radunz Lauri Lourenço , Forte César Tiago
Published: September 2018

When competing with crops, weeds interfere with their growth and consequently reduce grain yield. The purpose of this research was to determine the periods of interference; PIP (pre-interference period), TPWC (total period of weed control), and CPWC (critical period of weed control) of the weeds Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea) and southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliares) in maize. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications, in a no-tillage system. The treatments consisted in maintaining maize in the presence and absence of Alexandergrass and southern crabgrass for increasing periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after emergence (DAE). Southern crabgrass and Alexandergrass weeds originated from the soil seed bank with an average density of 215 and 87 plants m-2, respectively. At the end of each period, PIP or TPWC, the weed and crop dry biomass was determined. At 42 DAE, the height and stem diameter of maize plants were evaluated. At harvest 10 maize plants per experimental unit were evaluated for length of ears, number of rows per ear, and number of grains per row. Yield was measured by taking three central rows from each experimental unit. The results indicate that the PIP was 17 DAE, the TPWC was 32 DAE, and the CPWC was 17 to 32 DAE.
Domestic Wastewater for Forage Cultivation in Cerrado Soil
Authors: Silva J. G. D. , Luz J. M. R. da , Henrique Jacqueline , Carvalho J. J. de , Silva J. E. C. da
Published: September 2018

Fertigation of agricultural crops that are not directly used in human food, with domestic wastewater is a viable alternative for the sustainable use of water resources. The development of agricultural practices that provide high productivity with the sustainability of agroecosystems has been a great challenge. Thus, our aims were to use of domestic wastewater in the planting of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, as an alternative for animal feed production in Cerrado soils, and to study the physical-chemical and microbiological impacts of the fertigation. These impacts were evaluated, respectively, by physical-chemical indicators content and diversity of nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the DGGE profile. The NPK contents of the wastewater were used to determine the five fertigation managements (M1 to M5). M1 and M2 managements had no wastewater and M3 to M5 contained 20, 40 and 60% of NPK from the wastewater. The managements in a completely randomized design with 20 plots and 4 replicates were distributed. Soil samplings prior to fertigation and at the end of the experiment were performed. Leaf biomass productivity was determined in three different grass cuts. After fertigation, changes in physical-chemical indicators and in the viable microbial cells counts were observed. The NPK of wastewater increased the abundance of NFBs and AMFs. Leaf biomass productivity per hectare was directly proportional to NPK concentration. In addition, wastewater did not alter the nutritional composition of Marandu grass. Therefore, the fertigation with domestic wastewater showed to be a viable and promising alternative for reuse of this water in Cerrado soil for animal feed production.
Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Common Bean Cultivars as Affected by Plant Population and Growing Season
Authors: Júnior Luiz Antônio Zanão , Rosa Anderson , Pereira Natalia , Pescador Rafael Bissolli , Andrade Edna Aparecida de
Published: September 2018

Brazil’s production of common bean is insufficient to supply the domestic market. Factors such as plant density, cultivar, growing season, and nutrient uptake affect bean yield, suggesting the need for more studies to optimize bean production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant density on seed yield components and nutrient uptake of two common bean cultivars grown in two different seasons. Field experiments were carried out at the IAPAR experimental site in Santa Tereza do Oeste, Paraná, Brazil in the wet and dry season using five planting densities: 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 plants m-1. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications and two bean cultivars of different growth types. The cultivars used were ‘IPR Curió’ (type I) and ‘IPR Tangará’ (type II), both have erect plant architecture and belong to the Carioca group. Obtained data underwent analysis of variance and regression. Macronutrient uptake was not affected by crop density probably due to nutrient availability and compensatory growth of the crop. High crop density per linear meter decreased the number of seeds and pods per plant but did not affect the first pod height or yield in both cultivars and seasons.
Environment Stratification in the Evaluation of Corn Hybrids in Southern Brazil
Authors: Nardino Maicon , Baretta Diego , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Olivoto Tiago , Follmann Diego Nicolau , Pelegrin Alan Junior de , Szareski Vinícius Jardel , Lautenchleger Francine , Rosa Tiago Corazza da , Barbosa Mauricio Horbach , Konflanz Valmor Antonio , Barros Willian Silva , Souza Velci Queiróz de
Published: September 2018

The implementation of a network of maize trials is an onerous task, so breeding programs seek to eliminate redundant environments, remaining only contrasting ones. The objective was to perform the homogeneous environment grouping by studying the G×E interaction through different environmental stratification methods, as well as to compare the efficiency of these methods. Four methods were used: environmental dissimilarity (Djj); Decomposition of the genotype × environment interaction (G×E) into simple and complex parts by Cruz and Castoldi; Pearson correlation coefficient; and factor analysis. Twenty-five single-cross corn hybrids and three commercial cultivars were tested in eight cultivation environments in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in the evaluation of grain yield. Quedas do Iguaçu and Cascavel can be reduced into only one test environment by methods of factor analysis and Pearson correlation. The environments of Pato Branco and Ampére are grouped by two of the four methods employed. However, Clevelândia, Londrina, and Coxilha do not group with other environments in three of the four methods, and Itapiranga in two of the four methods. Cruz and Castoldi’s method and stratification by factor analysis are more rigorous in grouping criteria.
User Innovation as a Basis of Innovation Network Between Universities and Business
Authors: Yordanova Zornitsa
Published: September 2018

The paper aims at building a conceptual framework on how user innovation concept may be employed for the idea of creating innovation network between universities and business. Such innovation network would serve different purposes that are currently qualified as barriers for innovation management in business organizations as lack of easy access to lead-user innovators; difficulties in building minimal viable products; problems in validating innovation in its pre-market phase, etc. On the other hand, such innovation network would also satisfy some identified problems in innovation management education like reducing the gap between theory and business; teaching students through real live projects, etc. The approach for designing the conceptual framework steps on the user innovation theory. A literature analysis on user innovation identifies the utility of utilizing users in innovation development. Based on these, a focus group with 15 innovation managers qualitatively validates whether the identified 26 user activities in innovation development from prior researches would be beneficial if students take the role of user innovators (educated user innovators). The conceptual framework is built as a result from the respondents’ answers by designing where students may participate in innovation development as user innovators and how beneficial it is expected to be that cooperation. The assessment aims also at define the best place where the proposed activities may take place within the innovation development process. The finding of the study may play the role of a roadmap for user utilization in innovation development.
Ethics and Morality in Cloning Technology
Authors: Xiarhos Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2018

This article presents the ethical and moral changes traditional Christianity and Islam face regarding the developing technology of cloning. Using dystopian literature and film as discussion points, this article argues that there is conflict regarding the idea of the sanctity of all human life within Christian and Muslim doctrine and what value the life of a cloned human would retain. These issues are examined through the joint lenses of natural theology and natural knowledge.
A contribuição das modalidades comunicativas na contextualização da reportagem hipermídia “O golpe e a ditadura militar”
Authors: Baccin Alciane Nolibos
Published: September 2018

A reportagem é o gênero mais completo do jornalismo, onde várias modalidades comunicativas (texto, áudio, vídeo, fotos, hiperlinks) são usadas para contar as histórias. Em virtude da importância que a reportagem tem no jornalismo, nos propomos a refletir sobre este espaço nobre que jornalistas e instituições midiáticas dispõem. Para tanto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar como é construída a contextualização na reportagem hipermídia “O Golpe e a Ditadura Militar”, veiculada no site do jornal Folha de São Paulo, identificando as modalidades comunicativas utilizadas e como elas operam na construção da contextualização. Consideramos que a união e integração das várias modalidades comunicativas ampliam a contextualização da reportagem hipermídia.
Ensino de jornalismo e desenvolvimento da escrita: influência da organização tópica da entrevista na elaboração de perfis
Authors: Mariano Agnes Francine de Carvalho
Published: September 2018

Neste trabalho iremos analisar o modo como a entrevista (oral) participou da elaboração de  perfis (escrita) na produção de estudantes de jornalismo. A intenção é observar a interação fala-escrita em processos de desenvolvimento da escrita que envolvem retextualização (passagem do oral para o escrito). Para identificar essa interação, usaremos a ideia de tópico (tema), que nos mostra em que momentos a sequência dos tópicos da entrevista foi mantida ou alterada no perfil. Também buscaremos identificar as diferentes soluções exploradas pelos estudantes e a relação dessas soluções com a maturidade da sua escrita. E, assim, localizar opções didáticas aplicáveis em cursos de jornalismo que sejam compatíveis com esse quadro.
A ciberpublicidade e as interações em rede: “A surpresa do Itaú”
Authors: Sousa Thatianne Silva , Marques Jane Aparecida
Published: September 2018

A ciberpublicidade e as mudanças nas formas como os consumidores, denominados por ciberconsumidores, se relacionam nos espaços das redes sociais na internet, especificamente no Facebook. Buscamos compreender quais são os tipos de interações em rede e práticas de consumo cultural e midiático desencadeados quando os ciberconsumidores interagem com (e a partir da) ciberpublicidade “A surpresa” do Itaú, veiculada na página da marca no Facebook. Adotamos o método de observação e a técnica de análise de conteúdo para investigar como esses consumidores interagem e para nos ajudar a perceber esses ciberconsumidores como sujeitos sociais. Identificamos distintos tipos de interações: as que tratam sobre a ciberpublicidade; as que estabelecem relação com o anunciante; as que se caracterizam pela marcação interagente e as interações reativas simbólicas.
The use of mathematical models for modelling sulphur dioxide sorption on materials produced from fly ashes
Authors: Czuma Natalia , Zarębska Katarzyna , Baran Paweł , Gauden Piotr
Published: September 2018

Fly ash-derived zeolites may become an attractive alternative for natural zeolites as well as for zeolites produced out of pure chemicals. A growing awareness of the need to protect the environment is an incentive for the use of waste materials as raw materials for production of microporous, multi-application materials – zeolites. Additionally, environmentally friendly actions undertaken in order to reduce air pollution intensify needs to search for new options for capturing hazardous air pollutants out of flue gases. Zeolites can be used as air pollutants sorbents. In this work there are presented results of sulphur dioxide, one of flue gases components, sorption experiments. The adsorbent used was zeolite synthesized form fly ash from a selected Polish power plant. For the purpose of investigation there were chosen fly ash zeolite samples synthesised with the use of different methods. Parameters were selected in such a way that one type of zeolite material was received. For the purpose of description of received results the mathematical model was used. As a result of experiments carried out it was found that the synthesized materials may be used as sulphur dioxide sorbent. It was found that the sorption capacity is highly connected with the zeolite synthesis method. Despite the fact that the same type of zeolite was received, samples presented differentiated values for capture, due to different conversion factors of fly ash into zeolite materials.
Resistencias mediáticas e imágenes de la gubernamentalidad: activismo y comunicación política en Manizales (Colombia)
Authors: Salazar Rendón Milton Andrés
Published: September 2018

El artículo es producto de una investigación sobre las prácticas de resistencia mediática de los colectivos sociales de la ciudad Manizales (Colombia). Se caracterizaron 27 colectivos, se realizaron entrevistas abiertas semiestructuradas y etnografías virtuales; utilizando conceptos inspirados en los estudios culturales, la reflexión se centró tanto en las prácticas de resistencia (subjetivación) como en la economía política de la verdad, que producen los medios de comunicación (sujeción). Concluyendo: que en el marco del Sistema/Mundo/Moderno/Colonial donde los medios masivos tienen gran importancia debido a las formas en que estos construyen la realidad: la memoria social, las formas del presente y el horizonte de lo posible; las luchas semióticas de los movimientos y colectivos sociales buscan transformar las relaciones de poder que constituyen la geopolítica de las imágenes, a partir de nuevos repertorios de resistencia mediática.