bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Transformation of a Former Pencil Factory Complex—A Case Study of ‘TOZ Penkala’ in Zagreb
Authors: Muraj Iva , Sopina Lucija
Published: December 2024

The subject of this research is the former Zagreb pencil factory (‘TOZ’—Tvornica olovaka Zagreb), which manufactured pencils and pastels since 1937. During the 1970s and 1980s, it was one of the most important factories that produced school and office supplies. This paper investigates frequent changes grouped into several time and development phases, which are determined according to the most important structural and purposeful changes. This paper presents the data obtained through archival and field research to review the past in detail, assess the current state, and its architectural, urban, and identity features, and look critically to the future. Since 2015, the factory has been closed. The factory is awaiting the realization of the ‘TOZ’ urban development plan adopted in 2009. The research data collection methods include observations, reviews of existing records, documentation, and SWOT analysis. This paper’s objectives are to explore existing site opportunities, address the potential and constraints, and evaluate the potential of the proposed urban development plan. This paper concludes with a look at the future of factory buildings. It faces technical, regulatory, and financial risks that might result in the site remaining neglected and unused for many years.
POM-Mediated Synthesis of Ag/PW12/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite Exhibiting Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance Under Visible Light
Authors: Liu Huimin , Yu Qiuci , Chen Wei , Tang Shuge , Feng Xiaojia , Ma Chi , Tian Linlin
Published: December 2024

The photoreduction method was utilized to synthesize the Ag/PW12/g-C3N4 nanocomposite. The polyanion PW12O403− served as the photoreductant, and as a stabilizer and protectant for Ag nanoparticles. TEM images reveals that Ag nanoparticles with a size of approximately 5 nm were modified on the surface of g-C3N4. Photocatalytic experiments confirm that Ag/PW12/g-C3N4, with the mass ratio of Ag3PW12O40 to g-C3N4 nanosheets at 30%, exhibits high efficiency and durability in the photodegradation of Rhodamine B. Research on the photocatalytic mechanism indicates that decorating PW12O403− and Ag nanoparticles on the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets is beneficial for improving the separation of electron–hole pairs and enhancing the capability for visible light absorption.
Unveiling the Dynamic Landscape of Digital Forensics: The Endless Pursuit
Authors: Zareen Muhammad , Aslam Baber , Tahir Shahzaib , Rasheed Imran , Khan Fawad
Published: December 2024

The invention of transistors in the 1940s marked the beginning of a technological revolution that has impacted every aspect of our lives. However, along with the positive advancements, the malicious use of computing technologies has become a serious concern. The international community has been actively collaborating to develop digital forensics techniques to combat the unlawful use of these technologies. However, the evolution of digital forensics has often lagged behind the rapid developments in computing technologies. In addition to their harmful use, computing devices are increasingly involved in crime scenes and accidents, necessitating digital forensics to reconstruct events. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the development of computing technologies from the 1940s to the present, highlighting the trends in their malicious use and the corresponding advancements in digital forensics. The paper also discusses various institutes, laboratories, organizations, and training setups established at national and international levels for digital forensics purposes. Furthermore, it explores the initial legislations related to computer-related crimes and the standards associated with digital forensics. These reviews and discussions conclude at identifying the shortfalls in digital forensics and proposes an all-inclusive digital forensics process model meeting these shortfalls while complying to international standards and meeting regulatory and legal requirements of digital forensics.
Translation and Impact of the National Diabetes Prevention Program in Two Rural Settings: Participant Outcomes, Individual Experiences, and Recommendations
Authors: Thomas Jenifer J. , Das Bhibha M. , Lutes Lesley D. , Dickson Lacey , Holliday Parres , Adams Brianna , McNamee Hannah
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) assists individuals with lifestyle change for type 2 diabetes risk reduction through education, skills, and support. To further understand program effectiveness, implementation research needs to consider influences on retention, effectiveness, and sustainability of the program in rural settings. The purpose of this study was to understand National DPP implementation in two rural workplace settings as well as the factors that influence program participation and outcomes. Methods: Individuals who met criteria for being at risk for developing type 2 diabetes participated in two National DPPs. The first program (Technology-Augmented DPP) occurred in 2016 with the goal of understanding the role of psychosocial factors in relation to National DPP outcomes, and quantitative data were obtained from 47 participants. Variables of interest included the Lifestyle-Health-Related Self-Concept questionnaire (HRSC), weight, and physical activity. The second program (Hybrid-Format DPP) occurred in 2022 with the goal of understanding individual participant experiences within the program by conducting a reflexive thematic analysis on data obtained during a semi-structured group interview with 3 participants. Results: In the Technology-Augmented DPP, Lifestyle-HRSC dimensions of nutrition, social support, avoiding diabetes, and problem solving were associated with weight, steps per day, and activity minutes. In the Hybrid-Format DPP, the generated themes included Frequency Matters, Rules of Engagement, Promoting Self-Efficacy, and Bridging the Intention-Behavior Gap. Conclusions: Based on this study, a focus on understanding and responding to context-specific and participant-focused National DPP implementation is the essential next step in National DPP research. Prevention programs and policies individualized to people and communities will improve participation and outcomes. The National DPP should consider how to evolve to the changing needs of at-risk individuals in rural and underserved areas.
Does the LDH/Albumin Ratio Bring Novelty? A Comparative Analysis with Inflammatory Indices and Combined Models in Adult-Onset Still’s Disease
Authors: Ekin Ali , Mısırcı Salim , Öztop Hikmet , Hacımustafaoğlu Asuman Şebnem , Coşkun Belkıs Nihan , Yağız Burcu , Dalkılıç Ediz , Pehlivan Yavuz
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the lactate dehydrogenase-to-albumin ratio (LAR) in adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) and compare it with other inflammatory indices, using patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) as a control group due to their overlapping clinical features with AOSD. The study also compared LAR’s diagnostic performance with other inflammatory indices like the serum immune-inflammatory index (SII), ferritin/erythrocyte sedimentation rate (FER), CRP/albumin ratio (CAR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), as well as its combinations with FER, PLR, and ferritin (LAR + FER, LAR + PLR, LAR + ferritin). Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on 70 patients with fever of unknown cause and 78 patients with AOSD, admitted between January 2000 and December 2023 in a tertiary care hospital. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics were compared between the groups. ROC analysis provided cutoff values, sensitivity, and specificity for each inflammatory index. Results: ROC analysis showed significant p-values (p < 0.05) for indices other than LAR (p = 0.090) LAR + PLR (p = 0.806), and PLR (p = 0.634) in diagnosing AOSD. The highest specificity was found in LAR + ferritin (92.90%), and the highest sensitivity in CAR (100.0%). NLR, SII, FER, and LAR + FER were the indices with both sensitivity and specificity above 50%. LAR had a sensitivity of 76.90% and a specificity of 48.60%. The cutoff values were 3978.0 µg/L for ferritin and 70.98 for LAR. Significant statistical differences between AOSD and non-AOSD groups were observed for all indices except CAR (p = 0.133). Conclusions: LAR can differentiate AOSD patients from FUO, but its specificity is lower than most other indices. The diagnostic utility of these indices in clinical practice remains controversial.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Liver Segmentation Protocol Enables More Consistent and Robust Annotations, Paving the Way for Advanced Computer-Assisted Analysis
Authors: Jeltsch Patrick , Monnin Killian , Jreige Mario , Fernandes-Mendes Lucia , Girardet Raphaël , Dromain Clarisse , Richiardi Jonas , Vietti-Violi Naik
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have spurred interest in developing computer-assisted analysis for imaging examinations. However, the lack of high-quality datasets remains a significant bottleneck. Labeling instructions are critical for improving dataset quality but are often lacking. This study aimed to establish a liver MRI segmentation protocol and assess its impact on annotation quality and inter-reader agreement. Methods: This retrospective study included 20 patients with chronic liver disease. Manual liver segmentations were performed by a radiologist in training and a radiology technician on T2-weighted imaging (wi) and T1wi at the portal venous phase. Based on the inter-reader discrepancies identified after the first segmentation round, a segmentation protocol was established, guiding the second round of segmentation, resulting in a total of 160 segmentations. The Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) assessed inter-reader agreement pre- and post-protocol, with a Wilcoxon signed-rank test for per-volume analysis and an Aligned-Rank Transform (ART) for repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) for per-slice analysis. Slice selection at extreme cranial or caudal liver positions was evaluated using the McNemar test. Results: The per-volume DSC significantly increased after protocol implementation for both T2wi (p < 0.001) and T1wi (p = 0.03). Per-slice DSC also improved significantly for both T2wi and T1wi (p < 0.001). The protocol reduced the number of liver segmentations with a non-annotated slice on T1wi (p = 0.04), but the change was not significant on T2wi (p = 0.16). Conclusions: Establishing a liver MRI segmentation protocol improves annotation robustness and reproducibility, paving the way for advanced computer-assisted analysis. Moreover, segmentation protocols could be extended to other organs and lesions and incorporated into guidelines, thereby expanding the potential applications of AI in daily clinical practice.
Entropy as a Tool for the Analysis of Stock Market Efficiency During Periods of Crisis
Authors: Papla Daniel , Siedlecki Rafał
Published: December 2024

In the article, we analyse the problem of the efficiency market hypothesis using entropy in moments of transition from a normal economic situation to crises or slowdowns in European, Asian and US stock markets and the economy in the years 2007–2023 (2008–2009, U.S. financial sector crises; 2020–2021, Pandemic period; and the 2022–2023 period of Russia’s attack on Ukraine). The following hypothesis is put forward in the article: In periods of economic slowdown and economic crises, the entropy of prices and return rates decreases. According to the principles of physics, in an isolated system, entropy increases and decreases at the moment of external intervention, similar to finance, where during crises and economic slowdowns, there is interference from governments introducing new regulations and intervening in financial markets. The article uses the Shannon entropy method. This measure, as a statistical measure, does not require the assumption of stationarity of time series or a known probability distribution, unlike classical statistical methods. Our results confirm decreased entropy in stock markets during crisis.
Depth Gradient and Radon Activity Concentration in Soil Gas in the Zone of a Potentially Active Fault
Authors: Leshukov Timofey , Legoshchin Konstantin , Avdeev Kirill , Baranova Elizaveta , Larionov Aleksey
Published: December 2024

The study specifies the changes in radon activity concentration (RAC) in soil gas with depth and emphasizes the significance of the meteorological factor for deeper boreholes. Radon activity concentration was measured in 0.6 m, 1 m and 1.5 m boreholes, and the depth gradient was also calculated. Spatial patterns were estimated using an autocorrelation index. RAC ranged from 9454 ± 439 Bq/m3 for 0.6 m, 16,031 ± 602 Bq/m3 for 1 m and 22,049 ± 937 Bq/m3 for 1.5 m. RAC increased with depth at most of the study sites and behaved quite uniformly in spatial terms. At the same time, no significant differences in the activity of uranium (238U) series isotopes at different soil depths were detected. Significant spatial variability in radioactivity and the physical properties of soils is noted. The highest gradient was between 0.6 and 1 m. It was found that with increasing depth the connection between the RAC and the meteorological conditions (temperature and humidity) of the surface layer of the atmosphere is lost. It follows that for shallow boreholes it is necessary to consider the influence of meteorological conditions. RAC in 1 m boreholes correlates with 1.5 m and 0.6 m boreholes, but no correlation was found for the 1.5 m and 0.6 m boreholes themselves. Thus, 1 m boreholes are optimal for radon monitoring. A high level of RAC indicates a high potential for indoor radon exposure in this territory, with corresponding epidemiological consequences in the long term.
Addressing the Language and Literacy Needs and Challenges of Students with Refugee Experiences: Integrated Supports
Authors: Kendrick Maureen E. , Early Margaret
Published: December 2024

This paper reports on an ethnographic research study with experienced K-12 teachers and paraprofessionals in Western Canada to understand (1) the language and literacy needs and challenges of students with refugee experiences; and (2) the pedagogical responses used to build trusting, collaborative relationships of power. Our theoretical framework draws on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems model, which we align with a literacy ecology of communities perspective. Working with 15 participants in a school district with a long history of resettlement, we address the following questions: (1) What do teachers and paraprofessionals identify as the language and literacy learning needs and challenges for students with refugee experiences? and (2) What are the most appropriate and empowering pedagogical responses to meet curricular expectations and use language and literacy for social impact and identity representation? Using thematic analysis, we identify four interweaving themes: relationships, mindful pedagogies, well-being, and safety. We provide illustrative examples from ethnographic focus group discussions, triangulated with informal interviews and observations in relation to an integrated model of supports for students with refugee experiences. We conclude with four critical lessons learned about relationships, communication flows within and across nested ecological systems, flexibility and structure, and inspirational pedagogies.
Predictive Markers of Post-Stroke Cognitive Recovery and Depression in Ischemic Stroke Patients: A 6-Month Longitudinal Study
Authors: Tsiakiri Anna , Plakias Spyridon , Vlotinou Pinelopi , Terzoudi Aikaterini , Serdari Aspasia , Tsiptsios Dimitrios , Karakitsiou Georgia , Psatha Evlampia , Kitmeridou Sofia , Karavasilis Efstratios , Aggelousis Nikolaos , Vadikolias Konstantinos , Christidi Foteini
Published: December 2024

The growing number of stroke survivors face physical, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments, making stroke a significant contributor to global disability. Various factors have been identified as key predictors of post-stroke outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a standardized predictive model that integrates various demographic and clinical factors to better predict post-stroke cognitive recovery and depression in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). We included IS patients during both the acute phase and six months post-stroke and considered neuropsychological measures (screening scales, individual tests, functional cognitive scales), stroke severity and laterality, as well as functional disability measures. The study identified several key predictors of post-stroke cognitive recovery and depression in IS patients. Higher education and younger age were associated with better cognitive recovery. Lower stroke severity, indicated by lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, also contributed to better cognitive outcomes. Patients with lower modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores showed improved performance on cognitive tests and lower post-stroke depression scores. The study concluded that age, education, stroke severity and functional status are the most critical predictors of cognitive recovery and post-stroke emotional status in IS patients. Tailoring rehabilitation strategies based on these predictive markers can significantly improve patient outcomes.
An Implementation of Web-Based Answer Platform in the Flutter Programming Learning Assistant System Using Docker Compose
Authors: Aung Lynn Htet , Aung Soe Thandar , Funabiki Nobuo , Kyaw Htoo Htoo Sandi , Kao Wen-Chung
Published: December 2024

Programming has gained significant importance worldwide as societies increasingly rely on computer application systems. To support novices in learning various programming languages, we have developed the Programming Learning Assistant System (PLAS). It offers several types of exercise problems with different learning goals and levels for step-by-step self-study. As a personal answer platform in PLAS, we have implemented a web application using Node.js and EJS for Java and Python programming. Recently, the Flutter framework with Dart programming has become popular, enabling developers to build applications for mobile, web, and desktop environments from a single codebase. Thus, we have extended PLAS by implementing the Flutter environment with Visual Studio Code to support it. Additionally, we have developed an image-based user interface (UI) testing tool to verify student source code by comparing its generated UI image with the standard one using the ORB and SIFT algorithms in OpenCV. For efficient distribution to students, we have generated Docker images of the answer platform, Flutter environment, and image-based UI testing tool. In this paper, we present the implementation of a web-based answer platform for the Flutter Programming Learning Assistant System (FPLAS) by integrating three Docker images using Docker Compose. Additionally, to capture UI images automatically, an Nginx web application server is adopted with its Docker image. For evaluations, we asked 10 graduate students at Okayama University, Japan, to install the answer platform on their PCs and solve five exercise problems. All the students successfully completed the problems, which confirms the validity and effectiveness of the proposed system.
Unconventional Structures of Asynchronous Motors with Two Stators and Single-Rotor Radial Air Gaps in the Context of Their Applicability Assessment
Authors: Stan Mihail-Florin , Bancuta Iulian , Virjoghe Elena-Otilia , Husu Adela-Gabriela , Cobianu Cosmin
Published: December 2024

The fundamental idea underlying the research presented in this paper was the desire to use less magnetically charged areas of the general construction of induction machines by increasing the active working surface by interposing a new internal stator armature. This results in a new air gap and foreshadows the advantage of increasing the torques developed by the motor considered, compared to the equivalent standard motor, at the same volume of iron. The following research-validation methods were followed: theoretical studies (analytical simulation and FEM), an experimental model (prototype), and testing on the experimental platform. We recall obtaining solid conclusions on the technological construction, functional and energy characteristics, as well as superior performances of over 50% regarding electromagnetic torques compared to the equivalent classic version. The prototype of this type of machine was surprising due to the ease with which the rotor can be rotated, highlighting the reduced inertia. In conclusion, concerning the problem addressed and the objectives pursued, the research had, in essence, an applied and experimental nature. The recent development of permanent-magnet synchronous motor constructions has led to the concept of creating such motors in the constructive configuration specified in the paper (two stators and two radial air gaps).
A Three-Layer Scheduling Framework with Dynamic Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading for Multi-Regional Power Balance
Authors: Yang Tianmeng , Liu Jicheng , Feng Wei , Chen Zelong , Zhao Yumin , Lou Suhua
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses the critical challenges of renewable energy integration and regional power balance in smart grids, which have become increasingly complex with the rapid growth of distributed energy resources. It proposes a novel three-layer scheduling framework with a dynamic peer-to-peer (P2P) trading mechanism to address these challenges. The framework incorporates a preliminary local supply–demand balance considering renewable energy, followed by an inter-regional P2P trading layer and, ultimately, flexible resource deployment for final balance adjustment. The proposed dynamic continuous P2P trading mechanism enables regions to autonomously switch roles between buyer and seller based on their internal energy status and preferences, facilitating efficient trading while protecting regional privacy. The model features an innovative price update mechanism that initially leverages historical trading data and dynamically adjusts prices to maximize trading success rates. To address the heterogeneity of regional resources and varying energy demands, the framework implements a flexible trading strategy that allows for differentiated transaction volumes and prices. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated through simulation experiments using k-means clustered typical daily data from four regions in Northeast China. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach successfully promotes renewable energy utilization, reduces the operational costs of flexible resources, and achieves an efficient inter-regional energy balance while maintaining regional autonomy and information privacy.
Dynamic Environmental Economic Dispatch Considering the Uncertainty and Correlation of Photovoltaic–Wind Joint Power
Authors: Ru Yi , Wang Ying , Mao Weijun , Zheng Di , Fang Wenqian
Published: December 2024

The traditional power grid planning lacks consideration of the uncertainty and correlation between wind and solar joint output in the same region, which poses challenges to the stable operation of the power system. Therefore, it is greatly important to consider the environmental and economic dispatch in light of the uncertainties and correlations associated with wind and solar energy. To tackle these issues, this paper introduces a dynamic environmental economic dispatch model that accounts for the uncertainties and correlations between wind and photovoltaic power based on their output characteristics. Initially, a probability model for photovoltaic–wind joint power is established using the Copula function. Subsequently, the Latin hypercube sampling method is employed alongside an improved K-means clustering technique to derive typical output scenarios. An adaptive multi-objective fireworks algorithm, featuring a differential selection strategy, is then utilized to enhance the environmental economic dispatch model. Finally, the IEEE 39 node system is used as an example to demonstrate the solution of the dynamic environmental and economic scheduling model. Simulation results reveal that the method for generating typical output scenarios presented in this paper effectively captures the uncertainties and correlations of photovoltaic–wind joint power. Furthermore, when compared to other optimization algorithms, the improved adaptive multi-objective fireworks algorithm proves to be more efficient in addressing the dynamic environmental economic dispatch challenges within the power system.
Seawater Treatment Technologies for Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis—A Review
Authors: Mika Łukasz , Sztekler Karol , Bujok Tomasz , Boruta Piotr , Radomska Ewelina
Published: December 2024

Green hydrogen, produced by water electrolysis using renewable energy sources (RES), is an emerging technology that aligns with sustainable development goals and efforts to address climate change. In addition to energy, electrolyzers require ultrapure water to operate. Although seawater is abundant on the Earth, it must be desalinated and further purified to meet the electrolyzer’s feeding water quality requirements. This paper reviews seawater purification processes for electrolysis. Three mature and commercially available desalination technologies (reverse osmosis, multiple-effect distillation, and multi-stage flash) were examined in terms of working principles, performance parameters, produced water quality, footprint, and capital and operating expenditures. Additionally, pretreatment and post-treatment techniques were explored, and the brine management methods were investigated. The findings of this study can help guide the selection and design of water treatment systems for electrolysis.
The Capacity of Power of Biogas Plants and Their Technical Efficiency: A Case Study of Poland
Authors: Kusz Dariusz , Nowakowski Tomasz , Kusz Bożena
Published: December 2024

The size of a company is a fundamental factor that can influence its efficiency. In larger companies, economies of scale are a key consideration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical efficiency of agricultural biogas plants differentiated according to their capacity of power. The study included 43 agricultural biogas plants, which were divided into three groups according to their capacity power: group I, <0.5 MW; group II, 0.5–1 MW; group III, ≥1 MW. In order to assess the technical efficiency of agricultural biogas plants under the research, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was applied. It was found that the largest biogas plants were the most efficient. However, the technical efficiency of the smallest biogas plants was not statistically significantly different from that of the largest biogas plants. This indicates that small entities can achieve the technical efficiency at a satisfactory level. For this reason, in the development policy of agricultural biogas plants, the optimal solution is the coexistence of large and small facilities. The smallest biogas plants were more sensitive to changes in the macroeconomic environment than other biogas plants. This may suggest a need to pay more attention to energy policy mechanisms to stabilize their performance in periods of disadvantageous macroeconomic conditions.
Oligochitosan Mitigates Vibrio harveyi Infection in Hybrid Groupers (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) by Modulating Immune Responses and Disease-Related Pathways
Authors: Shi Fei , Ma Lixin , Chen Zhilong , Zhao Hao , Zou Cuiyun , Lin Li , Qin Zhendong
Published: December 2024

Vibrio harveyi is an important pathogen causing enteritis in hybrid groupers. However, its effects on the intestinal microbiota and the regulatory effects of oligochitosan on Vibrio-infected groupers are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of infection with V. harveyi and oligochitosan administration on the growth performance, immune responses, and intestinal transcriptome profiles of hybrid groupers during a 60-day rearing period. Growth parameters were reduced in Vibrio-infected groupers, while oligochitosan improved the body weight. Biochemical analysis showed reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and increased lipid peroxidation in Vibrio-infected groupers, which were consequently improved by oligochitosan. Transcriptome analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes in the disease-related and immune system pathways that significantly accumulated in the treatment groups. An evaluation of the immune response showed a significant down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidant genes, and tight-junction proteins in Vibrio-infected groupers, which was partially restored by oligochitosan. Additionally, intestinal apoptosis, indicated by TUNEL signaling, was observed to significantly increase in Vibrio-infected groupers and was subsequently alleviated by oligochitosan supplementation. These results demonstrate the detrimental effects of V. harveyi infection on the growth and immune function of hybrid groupers and the potential of oligochitosan to attenuate these effects.
Fructooligosaccharides for Relieving Functional Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhen Hongmin , Qian Hanwei , Liu Xiaoyan , Tan Chen
Published: December 2024

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are prebiotics with great potential to improve constipation. This study set out to investigate the usefulness of consuming FOS as a dietary supplement on bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, abundance of Bifidobacteria, gastrointestinal transit time, and gastrointestinal symptoms through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up to 2 March 2024. Randomized controlled trials reporting the use of FOS as a supplement by participants were included. Bias risk was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool. Results were synthesized using a random-effects model or fixed-effects model, combining outcomes using odds ratios (OR), weighted mean differences (MD), or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The meta-analysis encompassed 17 randomized controlled trials, involving a total of 713 study participants. Overall, the intake of FOS significantly increased bowel movement frequency (95% CI: 0.80, 1.50, p < 0.00001) and positively affected stool consistency, softening the stool (SMD: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.60, p = 0.76). It also reduced the effort and pain during defecation (SMD: −0.60, 95% CI: −0.85, −0.34, p = 0.12). At the same time, mild bloating was noted as an adverse event associated with FOS ingestion (OR: 10.36, 95% CI: 3.32, 33.23, p = 0.24). No reports of serious adverse events were documented. Overall, FOS may enhance bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, and overall constipation symptoms, suggesting cautious optimism regarding their use as a dietary treatment alternative. Nevertheless, further robust and definitive randomized controlled trials are required to more accurately determine the most effective dosage and duration of use. Additional research and evidence are necessary before the efficacy of FOS as a therapeutic method for treating functional constipation can be firmly established.
Comparative Analysis of Myofiber Characteristics, Shear Force, and Amino Acid Contents in Slow- and Fast-Growing Broilers
Authors: Gu Shuang , Gao Jia , Li Zehao , Zhang Shenbo , Wen Chaoliang , Sun Congjiao , Yan Wei , Hou Zhuocheng , Yang Ning , Li Junying
Published: December 2024

Skeletal muscle fiber characteristics are pivotal in assessing meat quality. However, there is currently a lack of research precisely quantifying the total number of myofibers (TNM) of skeletal muscles. This study used Arbor Acres (AA) broilers and Wenchang (WC) chickens to determine the TNM of several skeletal muscles and the meat quality of the pectoralis major muscle (PM). The results showed that the TNMs of the PM in AA males and females were 935,363.64 ± 92,529.28 and 873,983.72 ± 84,511.28, respectively, significantly higher than those in WC (511,468.97 ± 73,460.81 and 475,371.93 ± 70,187.83) at 7 days of age (p < 0.01). In terms of gastrocnemius medialis in AA males and females, we recorded values of 207,551.43 ± 31,639.97 and 177,203.23 ± 28,764.01, showing a significant difference compared to the values observed in WC (146,313.03 ± 29,633.21 and 124,238.9 ± 20,136.95) (p < 0.01). Similarly, the levels of gastrocnemius lateralis exhibited a significant difference between AA and WC (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the essential, umami, and sweet amino acids were found to be significantly higher in WC compared to AA (p < 0.01). These findings offer valuable data and insights for accurately quantifying the TNM in livestock and for the development of further genetic breeding strategies for meat quality.
Development of Eco-Friendly Packaging Films from Soyhull Lignocellulose: Towards Valorizing Agro-Industrial Byproducts
Authors: Regmi Sumi , Paudel Sandeep , Janaswamy Srinivas
Published: December 2024

Due to their inability to biodegrade, petroleum-based plastics pose significant environmental challenges by disrupting aquatic, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Additionally, the widespread presence of microplastics and nanoplastics induces serious health risks for humans and animals. These pressing issues create an urgent need for designing and developing eco-friendly, biodegradable, renewable, and non-toxic plastic alternatives. To this end, agro-industrial byproducts such as soyhulls, which contain 29–50% lignocellulosic residue, are handy. This study extracted lignocellulosic residue from soyhulls using alkali treatment, dissolved it in ZnCl2 solution, and crosslinked it with calcium ions and glycerol to create biodegradable films. The film formulation was optimized using the Box–Behnken design, with response to tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB), and water vapor permeability (WVP). The optimized films were further characterized for color, light transmittance, UV-blocking capacity, water absorption, contact angle, and biodegradability. The resulting optimized film demonstrated a tensile strength of 10.4 ± 1.0 MPa, an elongation at break of 9.4 ± 1.8%, and a WVP of 3.5 ± 0.4 × 10−11 g·m−1·s−1·Pa−1. Importantly, 90% of the film degrades within 37 days at 24% soil moisture. This outcome underscores the potential of soyhull-derived films as a sustainable, innovative alternative to plastic packaging, contributing to the circular economy and generating additional income for farmers and allied industries.
Predictive Modeling for Inactivation of Escherichia coli Biofilm with Combined Treatment of Thermosonication and Organic Acid on Polystyrene Surface
Authors: Unal Turhan Emel , Koca Esabil Emrah
Published: December 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm effect of combined sonication treatment with organic acids on polystyrene surfaces and to develop a predictive model for the inactivation of Escherichia coli biofilms. Polystyrene plates containing E. coli biofilms were subjected to sonication using different inactivation solutions (PBS, lactic acid, and acetic acid) at varying temperatures (20 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C) and durations (2 and 5 min). The effects of temperature, treatment duration, and inactivation solution on E. coli biofilm removal were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The use of organic acids, along with increased treatment time and temperature, led to a significant reduction in viable cell counts (0.43–6.21 log CFU/mL) and optical density (0.13–0.72 at OD600) of E. coli biofilms (p < 0.05). The highest E. coli biofilm inactivation, with a reduction of 6.21 CFU/mL and 0.72 OD, was achieved by combining organic acid and thermosonication at 50 °C for 5 min. A significant positive correlation was observed between test methods based on viable cell count and optical density (OD) measurements. According to multiple linear regression analysis results, the R2 values of the predictive models for biofilm inactivation, based on viable cell count and OD measurements, were 0.84 and 0.80, respectively. Due to its higher accuracy, the predictive model developed using viable cell count data is recommended for applications in the food industry and processing sectors.
Antiviral Potential of Spiraea Extracts (Prepared by Repercolation) Against Influenza A (H1N1) Virus
Authors: Kostikova Vera A. , Esaulkova Yana L. , Ilyina Polina A. , Zarubaev Vladimir V. , Sheikin Vladimir V. , Petruk Anastasia A. , Rubtsova Ekaterina D. , Veklich Tatiana N.
Published: December 2024

An antiviral effect of extracts prepared from aerial parts of nine species and from leaves of two species of the genus Spiraea L. was investigated for potential antiviral activity toward influenza A (H1N1) virus. The toxicity of dry extracts was analyzed, and the most selective extract was identified in vitro. The study’s material was collected in the Asian part of Russia. The plant extracts were prepared via three-stage countercurrent repercolation involving a complete cycle. All 40%-ethanolic extracts from Spiraea manifested antiviral activity against influenza A (H1N1) virus, with a selectivity index (SI) ranging from 1 to 10. IC50 values indicated that the S. salicifolia L. S15 leaf extract (5.9 µg/mL) has the most pronounced antiviral effect and the lowest toxicity (CC50 = 57.6 µg/mL) among the studied samples. The SI of this extract was 10, which exceeded that of the antiviral agent rimantadine (SI = 6). Biologically active compounds in the extract with the highest antiviral activity were identified using UV spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The S. salicifolia leaf extract was found to contain phenolic acids (chlorogenic, gentisic, caffeic, ferulic, and cinnamic acids), flavonols (quercetin, quercetin-3-glucuronoside, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, spiraeoside, avicularin, quercitrin, kaempferol, nicotiflorin, astragalin, and isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside), flavones (orientin, luteolin-7-glucoside, and vitexin), and coumarin. Predominant biologically active compounds in the S. salicifolia S15 leaf extract were such flavonols as rutin (19.3 mg/g), isoquercitrin (16.6 mg/g), isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside (10.6 mg/g), and astragalin (9.5 mg/g). Extraction of S. salicifolia leaves by repercolation is a more suitable method for extracting active ingredients with an antiviral effect.
Study on Controllability for Ψ-Hilfer Fractional Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Raheem Abdur , Alamrani Fahad M. , Akhtar Javed , Alatawi Adel , Alshaban Esmail , Khatoon Areefa , Khan Faizan Ahmad
Published: December 2024

The goal of this paper is to study the existence of a mild solution and controllability for a class of neutral stochastic differential equations (SDEs) involving the Ψ-Hilfer fractional derivatives, a generalization of the well-known Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative using almost sectorial operators. Sufficient conditions for controllability are established using the notion of measure of noncompactness (MNC) and the Mönch fixed-point theorem. An example is given to illustrate the abstract findings.
TSAT-Urated Insights: Clarifying the Complexities of Hereditary Hemochromatosis and Its Guidelines
Authors: Marcon Chiara , Medeot Marta , Michelazzi Alessio , Simeon Valentina , Poz Alessandra , Cmet Sara , Fontanini Elisabetta , Cussigh Anna Rosa , Chiozzotto Marianna , Barillari Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) related to HFE-gene mutations is a well-known condition, yet its understanding remains complex. The BIOIRON classification emphasizes that only homozygosity for the C282Y mutation should be considered pathogenic. The penetrance of HFE-related HH is highly variable. Symptoms are often challenging to recognize at the time of presentation, and the systemic involvement may overlap with other diseases. Hyperferritinemia and elevated transferrin saturation levels are still the milestones in HH diagnosis, but they are also common findings in many other clinical conditions. Furthermore, current diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines are not always unequivocal in defining HH patients’ characteristics, as well as treatment management and goals. Our work provides a concise overview of the latest evidence regarding pathogenic mechanisms, clinical picture, differential diagnosis and diagnostic tools. Alongside this, it summarizes and compares the main recommendations from principal guidelines issued by the 2017 Hemochromatosis International Meeting, the American College of Gastroenterology, the European Association for the Study of the Liver, the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network, the DUTCH guidelines, and the British Society for Haematology. Summarizing tables for quick consultation are also provided.
Review of Geomatics Solutions for Protecting Cultural Heritage in Response to Climate Change
Authors: Barrile Vincenzo , Gattuso Caterina , Genovese Emanuela
Published: December 2024

In the context of an increasing risk to cultural heritage due to climate change, this review explores and analyzes different geomatics techniques to efficiently monitor and safeguard historical sites and works of art. The rapid succession of technological innovations relating to the production of 3D models and the growth in recent years of the risks to which monumental heritage is exposed poses an all-round reflection on the prospects for the development and refinement of the disciplines of geomatics. The results highlight that geomatics techniques certainly improve data collection and the assessment of risks associated with climate change, also supporting geospatial-based decisions aimed at managing vulnerable cultural sites. The field of digital goods represents, in fact, one of the sectors where it is not possible to centralize knowledge in a single figure, instead postulating a synergistic interaction between different knowledge and techniques. Referring to the national framework, the distinction between protection and enhancement also involves us for both aspects, combining the more consolidated use of digital heritage for cognitive purposes and for the preparation of restoration projects. The study concludes by exploring possible future directions, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and the creation of effective guidelines and policies for the preservation of cultural heritage. Finally, the growing interest in this field in artificial intelligence and, in particular, machine learning is underscored.
Long-Term Expansion of Regional Museums in Russia: A Quantitative Analysis of Historical Dynamics
Authors: Ruban Dmitry A. , Yashalova Natalia N.
Published: December 2024

Museums help to conserve regional heritage and sustain regional identity, which is especially important in large countries. Russian regional museums constitute a whole phenomenon. Indeed, this phenomenon is a large field for research, and it cannot be comprehended by any single study. This is why attention should be paid for its particular aspects such as a historical dynamics of the expansion of regional museums in Russia. The information from the official websites of 76 regional museums sensu stricto of the entire country and 10 smaller museums of the Vologda Region was analyzed to measure the dynamics of their foundation and the relative importance of the different founders. It was established that regional museums were created in the Imperial, Soviet, and Modern periods of the Russian history, and the majority of them appeared in 1861–1935. Governmental founders prevailed, although private and societal initiatives also mattered, especially in the particular time slices. The smaller museums of the Vologda Region were created chiefly in the Soviet period, and both governmental and private initiatives were important. The results of this analysis were interpreted regarding attention to the broad public education and activity of so-called intelligentsia in the late Imperial and Soviet periods. It is hypothesized that the regional museum foundation can be brought in correspondent to the idea of a wise state and society development. Importantly, major transformations of the Russian society (particularly, in the beginning of the 20th century) did not interrupt the expansion of regional museums. It is proposed that the existing national network of regional museums itself has a heritage value, which can be important to tourism development.
From Codex to World Heritage: The Relevance of Sahagún’s Work in the Study of Indigenous Cultures
Authors: González-González Miguel , Fernández-Álvarez Óscar
Published: December 2024

The work of the Spanish friar Bernardino de Sahagún is widely recognized in the field of anthropology, primarily due to his methodological contributions. The research techniques he employed—such as learning the native language, placing emphasis on linguistic aspects to understand the culture and worldview of “the others”, carefully selecting informants from all social strata, and designing open-ended questionnaires—seem more akin to those of modern British social anthropology than to practices from 500 years ago. In 2015, his work was designated as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World program, an acknowledgment aimed at highlighting his cultural contributions and preserving the world’s documentary heritage as a symbol of humanity’s collective memory. This designation has renewed Sahagún’s prominence as a precursor of this discipline. This study explores the impact of such recognition and the enduring value of his work. In a time like the present, where interethnic tensions and rejection of difference are on the rise, Sahagún’s work stands as an unquestionable legacy against intolerance and ethnocentrism.
Micropropagation of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Genotypes, Selected for Late Flowering Characteristics
Authors: Elazab Doaa , Fascella Giancarlo , Ruta Claudia , Vitale Andrea , Lambardi Maurizio
Published: December 2024

Robinia pseudoacacia L., commonly known as black locust, is a nitrogen-fixing species characterized by multiple uses. Among these uses, black locust is of special interest to beekeepers due to its abundant flowering and delicious honey. Given the great importance of honey production in Italy, beekeepers are looking for genotypes that have a delayed flowering time. As a consequence, the aim of the present study was to develop a complete protocol of micropropagation for genotypes, which have been selected in the Veneto region due to their delayed flowering, i.e., about 3 months, in comparison with the normal flowering time (from late April to early June). The subsequent steps of the micropropagation protocol (explant decontamination, shoot induction, proliferation, and rooting) were investigated and optimized. The most effective decontamination treatment of explants (axillary buds from shoots developed in a greenhouse) was obtained using 50 mg/L AgNO3 for 20 min. This method resulted in the highest survival and regeneration rates for the explants (90%), although contamination was slightly higher than when using HgCl2 and NaOCl. The best medium for shoot establishment was MS with 1 mg/L of mT, which achieved 100% regeneration of the explants. In comparison with BA, mT at 1 mg/L was shown to be the best stimulator of shoot proliferation, especially in combination with 0.7 mg/L GA3 (Proliferation Rate, 4.7). An intermediate 2 h treatment with AgNO3, in combination with mT, was shown to be beneficial in improving the shoot proliferation and quality in the subsequent subculture in a gelled medium. As for shoot rooting, the shoots that were pre-treated in NH4NO3-free and mT-free MS medium gave the highest ex vitro rooting percentage in a cell tray (80%) and the highest number of roots per shoot (3.6). This optimized protocol opens the door to the massive micropropagation of valuable genotypes of black locust selected for delayed flowering. This is an outcome of extraordinary importance for beekeepers.