bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Stressed State Simulation of the Fixed Stepping Stoppers for the Auger Machine’s Cyclic Feeding Mechanism
Authors: Khoreshok Alexey , Mametyev Leonid , Lyubimov Oleg , Samorodova Lyudmila , Alitkina Oksana
Published: June 2020

The article explains the importance of auger technology in mining and underground building. The contribution of the Siberian region to the development of methods for sinking of the horizontal and slightly deviated holes is noted. The modern problems facing the developers of auger complexes are formulated. The prerequisites, methods and results of studies conducted at the Kuzbass State Technical University (KuzSTU) are given. The result of it is the possibility of flexible refinement of the complex’s configuration for specific boring conditions with the verification of each applied technical solution by computer simulation. Design changes are outlined, the consequences of which can be taken into account in the near future for the auger complex’s development.
Mathematical Interpretation of Open-Pit Dump Trucks Diesel Engine Durability
Authors: Yesbossynov Kairatbek , Buyаlich Gennаdy , Каbikеnоv Sаpаr , Sembayev Nurbolat , Jailaubekov Medet
Published: June 2020

The durability of internal combustion engines is determined by the engine operating time, which is established by the service life of the most critical parts and assemblies that undergo normal mechanical abrasion in the process of engine operation. Factory diesel repair is performed when there is a need to repair the crankshaft. Current maintenance involving disassembly of the cylinder-piston group is performed due to the wear of piston rings and cylindrical bushings.
Determination of contact temperature on cutting disc during rock destruction
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir , Preis Elena , Ananyev Kirill , Ermakov Aleksander
Published: June 2020

During the destruction of rocks by disc cutters the question of their operation without water cooling is arising. To implement this an approach to determining the temperature of the disk cutter is considered in the article. The calculations of heating of the disc cutter with various geometric parameters (diameter, sharpening angles, blunting edge radius) and geological conditions under different cutting conditions (cutting depth) are presented. The disc cutter temperature and comparison with a critical one is given. The results allow to increase wear resistance and thereby determine the modes of operation in which forced cooling of the cutting disc is not required.
Method for installing cryogenic fuel tanks on the deck of BelAZ 7513 mining dump truck
Authors: Dubov Georgiy , Trukhmanov Dmitriy , Nokhrin Sergey , Sergel Aleksey
Published: June 2020

The state of the issue of the relevance and efficiency of the technology of using liquefied natural gas as a partial replacement of diesel fuel in mining vehicles is considered. It is argued that this technology does not require complex and time-consuming re-engineering of internal com- bustion engines, which makes it economically feasible. It is noted that liq- uefied natural gas seems to be the most promising alternative to petroleum motor fuels in heavy-duty mining dump trucks. The use of liquefied natu- ral gas as a motor fuel reduces the environmental burden; increases the energy efficiency of the rock mass hauling process and reduces fuel costs. It is said that developments aimed at substantiating and choosing design and layout solutions for the placement and arrangement of cryogenic equipment on mining vehicles are relevant. The new method for installing cryogenic fuel tanks on the deck of the BelAZ 7513 series mining dump truck with a payload capacity of 130 tons is described in detail. Layout so- lutions for the modernization of the deck of the BelAZ 7513 series dump truck allowing placing additional cryogenic equipment on its board are presented. The data presented indicate that the successful implementation of the proposed method is confirmed by the project on equipping the BelAZ 75131 mining dump truck with cryogenic onboard fuel systems, implemented in practice.
Comparative Analysis of Gearboxes Wear in Excavators and Mining Trucks
Authors: Kudrevatykh Andrey , Ashcheulov Andrey , Ashcheulova Alena , Urazbaeva Kumis
Published: June 2020

The primary task of all enterprises in mining industry is to increase the durability and reliability of the mining complex. These very indicators provide nonstop minerals mining, and as a result, productivity increases. Indicators maintaining at high level can be achieved by different ways, but the most effective method is repair-in-place diagnosis of the actual technical condition of the main units and assemblies of equipment, as it is less costly and the most informative. To identify gear malfunctions, the physical and chemical analysis of the used oil is used to determine metallic impurities. A comparative analysis of wear products accumulation in rotary gears of mining excavators and gearboxes of the motor-wheel of dump trucks revealed the similarity of mathematical models for the determination of metallic impurities in used oil. The “universal” mathematical model is given in the paper; it allows to determine the actual technical condition of gearboxes for various equipment with a few assumptions. Moreover, the model takes into account various indicators of the environment, used oil, as well as the operating parameters of the equipment.
The Principles of Sustainable Development as a Form of Structural Transformation
Authors: Zhironkin Sergey , Voloshin Andrey , Zhironkina Olga , Vöth Stefan , Kayachev Gennady
Published: June 2020

Sustainable development today covers not only certain aspects of the environmental and economic aspects of society. The very structure of the economy, in particular the production sphere, as well as the whole society, is changing radically. Moreover, the structure is not only a systemological, but also the category of sustainable development. It acts as the basis of any material phenomenon or process, that is, it serves as a relatively stable basis on which more mobile elements function. Therefore, the closest concept that allows revealing the essence of sustainable development, the problem of cognition of environmental and economic transformations, transformations and their regulation, is the structure. It is by using the disclosure of the structure as a fundamental element of the system of sustainable development that can reveal the factors of deep changes in the economy, under the influence of which the transformation of industry towards modern environmental guidelines, and with it employment, investment, innovation, systems of their state regulation.
A mathematical model of information security for a mining company
Authors: Kirenberg Aleksandr , Medvedev Aleksey , Prokopenko Evgeniya
Published: June 2020

The relationship between the concepts of information and economic security in terms of their use in assessing the efficiency of business planning in a company using standard efficiency indicators (NPV) is discussed in the article. The necessity of using optimization models and methods for solving problems of information and economic security in a company is substantiated. A mathematical model has been developed to minimize the information security risks of a cost-effective company in the form of a two-objective linear optimal control problem. The conclusion is drawn about the possibility of using a mathematical model of information and economic security, as a component in the analysis of the investment attractiveness of economic systems and, in particular, small and medium- sized businesses.
Analysis of the Educational and Vocational Qualification Profile of the Human Resources in the Mining and Quarrying Sector in Bulgaria
Authors: Jaworska Monika , Tepavicharova Milena , Yelubayeva Maral
Published: June 2020

Lately, considerable foreign and Bulgarian investments have been attracted to the country’s quarrying industry. A number of companies are already applying the world’s best practices for exploration, extraction and processing of underground resources. There are also good practices which could and should be implemented and refined to achieve the sustainable development of the extractive industry. Currently, the Bulgarian mining enterprises are operating successfully and profitably. More than 300 companies and organizations in the field of exploration, extraction and processing of underground resources and related activities and services are operating in the industry. The development of the business organizations is largely determined by the available production resources, their quality and the efficiency of their usage. One of the main resources which differs significantly from the rest is the human resource. It possesses a certain level of qualification and professional development, crucial for the productivity and prosperity. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the educational and vocational qualification profile of the human resources employed in the quarrying industry of Bulgaria, revealing the actual possibilities for their optimal use and development for achieving higher productivity and competitiveness.
Trends and Improvement of the Institutional Mechanism of Land Rent in Sustainable Development
Authors: Ivanenko Olesya , Kovalev Aleksandr , Kovalev Vasiliy
Published: June 2020

At present, one of the priority tasks of implementing state economic policy is to promote the sustainable development, including the means of agriculture. In the article, the authors revealed the essence of land rent as an institution and identified the need to study the institutional mechanism of land rent in the agricultural sector as a way of regulating the economic activities of landowners, land users and the state in transition to sustainable development. Based on the identified development trends, an algorithm has been developed to improve the institutional mechanism that ensures the effective functioning of the institution of land rent. The conceptual approach proposed in the study can be used as a theoretical and methodological basis for sustainable development and improvement of rental policies in Russian agriculture.
Economic Support of the Policy of Transition to Sustainable Development of the Territories of the Russian North
Authors: Politkovskaya Irina , Khvichiya Daniil , Artamonova Larisa
Published: June 2020

The role of the northern territories of the Russian Federation is explained by the presence of proven mineral reserves – up to two thirds of national minerals, including over nine tenths of natural gas, three quarters of oil, the whole diamonds deposits, eight tenths of gold. The exploitation of the northern territories of Russia acquires a special role due to the fact that the export of mineral resources brings more than two thirds of all its foreign trade income. The transition to sustainable development for the Russian North means resolving old and new problems associated with environmental degradation and the infringement of the interests of local minorities. The problem of transition to sustainable development is especially acute in oil and gas producing regions, where economic, social and environmental issues are closely related. Sustainable development of resource regions of the Russian North is possible only with the active support of the state, subject to the creation and consistent implementation of a regional policy for sustainable development, which. This article formulates the main directions of the state policy for the transition to sustainable development of the northern territories, contributing to the achievement of the strategic goals of balanced and socially responsible subsoil use.
Ascorbic acid for management of oral surgery pain not responding to conventional medication: case report
Authors: Arabadzhiev Ivan Hristov , Maurer Peter , de Lima Stevao Eber Luis
Published: June 2020

Introduction:A 20-year-old female who experienced severe pain during six weeks after dental treatment was followed by oral surgeries. This article focuses on the usage of high dose of oral L-ascorbic acid for pain alleviation which did not respond to conventional pain medication.Observation:A female patient complaining about severe pain in tooth number 31 which was measured at every visit she made to the office, using Numerical Rating Pain Scale (NRPS) as the model for registration.Comments:Implementation of different types of analgesics along with laser-therapy were not able to reduce patient's ache during forty four consecutive days. Pain relief was only obtained at the next day with L-ascorbic acid supplementation to patient's previous medication. A complete absence of pain was reported by the patient on the seventh day after the ascorbate intake.Conclusion:Given to its action of mediating a variety of essential biological and biochemical functions, benefits, low cost, and safety, L-ascorbic acid could be considered by general dentists and oral surgeons as possible pain modulator after oral/dental surgical procedures.
Aedes aegyptilarval development and pupal production in the FAO/IAEA mass-rearing rack and factors influencing sex sorting efficiency
Authors: Mamai Wadaka , Maiga Hamidou , Somda Nanwintoum Séverin Bimbilé , Wallner Thomas , Konczal Anna , Yamada Hanano , Bouyer Jérémy
Published: June 2020

The production of a large number of mosquitoes of high biological qualities and reliable sex sorting before release are key challenges when applying the sterile insect technique as part of an area-wide integrated pest management approach. There is a need to fully evaluate the production capacity of the equipment developed in order to plan and maintain a daily production level for large-scale operational release activities. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of the FAO/IAEA larval rearing unit forAedes aegyptiand the subsequent female contamination rate after sex sorting with a Fay–Morlan glass separator. Trays from each rack were tilted and their contents sorted either for each individual tray or after mixing the content of all trays from the rack. The pupal production and the female contamination rate were estimated with respect to day of collection, position of the tray, type of pupae collection, and sorting operator. Results showed significant daily variability of pupal production and female contamination rate, with a high male pupal production level achieved on the second day of collection and estimated female contamination of male pupae reached around 1%. Neither tray position nor type of pupae collection affected the pupal production and female contamination rate. However, the operator had a significant effect on the female contamination rate. These results highlight the need to optimize pupal production at early days of collection and to develop a more effective and automated method of sex separation.
Disentangling nonlinear geomagnetic variability during magnetic storms and quiescence by timescale dependent recurrence properties
Authors: Alberti Tommaso , Lekscha Jaqueline , Consolini Giuseppe , De Michelis Paola , Donner Reik V.
Published: June 2020

Understanding the complex behavior of the near-Earth electromagnetic environment is one of the main challenges of Space Weather studies. This includes both the correct characterization of the different physical mechanisms responsible for its configuration and dynamics as well as the efforts which are needed for a correct forecasting of several phenomena. By using a nonlinear multi-scale dynamical systems approach, we provide here new insights into the scale-to-scale dynamical behavior of both quiet and disturbed periods of geomagnetic activity. The results show that a scale-dependent dynamical transition occurs when moving from short to long timescales, i.e., from fast to slow dynamical processes, the latter being characterized by a more regular behavior, while more dynamical anomalies are found in the behavior of the fast component. This suggests that different physical processes are typical for both dynamical regimes: the fast component, being characterized by a more chaotic and less predictable behavior, can be related to the internal dynamical state of the near-Earth electromagnetic environment, while the slow component seems to be less chaotic and associated with the directly driven processes related to the interplanetary medium variability. Moreover, a clear difference has been found between quiet and disturbed periods, the former being more complex than the latter. These findings support the view that, for a correct forecasting in the framework of Space Weather studies, more attention needs to be devoted to the identification of proxies describing the internal dynamical state of the near-Earth electromagnetic environment.
Geomagnetic solar flare effects: a review
Authors: Curto Juan José
Published: June 2020

Solar flare effects (Sfe) are rapid variations in the Earth’s magnetic field and are related to the enhancement of the amount of radiation produced during Solar flare events. They mainly appear in the Earth’s sunlit hemisphere at the same time as the flare observation and have a crochet-like shape. Much progress has been made since Carrington’s first observations in 1859 which are considered to represent the first direct evidence of the connection between the Sun and the Earth’s environment but there is still much to discover. In this paper, we review state-of-the-art developments and the advances made in the knowledge concerning Sfe phenomena while also looking at the challenges that lie ahead. First, we offer a historical approach with a comprehensive description that allows for a better understanding of the main characteristics of Sfe. This frames specific topics like the puzzling reversed-Sfe or the nighttime Sfe. The role played by the Service of Rapid Magnetic variations (SRMV) is also assessed, followed by a discussion of the main current limiting factors in the process of detection and proposed ways to overcome challenges such as by creating an automatic detection method. The paper clarifies some aspects related to the geo-effectiveness of the solar flares producing magnetic disturbances. The importance of the global modelling studies covering critical aspects needed to understand this Sun–Earth system is assessed. Also, we provide an overview of the temporal evolution of the electric currents producing Sfe. The importance of key subjects such as the dynamic aspects of Sfe is developed in another section. Finally, estimations of the size of large flares using ionospheric and magnetic data are reviewed as well as the prospects of these large flare events putting technological systems in danger.
Long term variations of galactic cosmic radiation on board the International Space Station, on the Moon and on the surface of Mars
Authors: Berger Thomas , Matthiä Daniel , Burmeister Sönke , Zeitlin Cary , Rios Ryan , Stoffle Nicholas , Schwadron Nathan A. , Spence Harlan E. , Hassler Donald M. , Ehresmann Bent , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F.
Published: June 2020

The radiation environment in free space and the related radiation exposure is seen as one of the main health detriments for future long-duration human exploration missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The steady flux of energetic particles in the galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) produces  a low dose-rate radiation exposure, which is heavily influenced by several factors including the solar cycle, the presence of an atmosphere, relevant magnetic fields (as on Earth) and of course by the relevant spacecraft shielding. Investigations of the GCR variations over the course of a solar cycle provide valuable data for exploration mission planning and for the determination of the radiation load received due to the GCR environment. Within the current work these investigations have been performed applying three datasets generated on board the International Space Station (ISS) with the DOSTEL instruments in the frame of the DOSIS and DOSIS-3D projects, with the CRaTER instrument in a Moon orbit and with the MSL-RAD instrument on the way to and on the surface of Mars. To derive GCR dose contributions on board the ISS two procedures have been developed separating the contributions from GCR from passing’s through the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), as well as ways to extrapolate the GCR dose measured on board the ISS to free space based on various ranges of the McIlwain L-shell parameter. At the end we provide a dataset spanning the timeframe for GCR measurements on the ISS (2009 – 2011 & 2012 – 2019), Moon (2009 – 2019) and Mars (2012 – 2019), thereby covering the time span from the deep minimum of solar cycle 23, the ascending phase and maximum of solar cycle 24, and the descending phase of cycle 24, which is ongoing at the time of this writing.
Interprofessionelle Versorgung von Patienten mit rheumatoider
Arthritis aus hausärztlicher Sicht: Ergebnisse einer
Querschnittserhebung
Authors: Schneider Elke , Petersen Juliana J. , Schulz-Rothe Sylvia , Gerlach Ferdinand Michael , Rossmanith Tanja , Siebenhofer Andrea , Mergenthal Karola
Published: June 2020

Ziel der Studie Bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit rheumatoider
Arthritis sind Haus- und Fachärzte, Pflegedienste, Ergo- und
Physiotherapeuten sowie verschiedene andere Berufsgruppen beteiligt. Ziel dieser
Studie ist eine Beschreibung dieser interprofessionellen Kooperationen in der
alltäglichen Versorgungspraxis aus hausärztlicher Sicht.

Methodik Mittels einer Querschnittserhebung wurden von Februar bis
September 2017 die Kooperationen von Hausärzten (n=121 in 68
Praxen) in Hessen und Rheinland-Pfalz mit verschiedenen anderen Versorgern
erfasst. Diese Querschnittserhebung war in die prospektive Kohortenstudie PANORA
(Prävalenz von Anti-CCP-Antikörpern bei Patienten mit neuen
Beschwerden am Bewegungsapparat) integriert. Der verwendete Fragebogen
für Hausärzte enthielt geschlossene Fragen zu Soziodemografie,
Häufigkeit, Gewichtung und Bewertung der bestehenden Kooperationen. Die
erhobenen Daten wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Bei Betrachtung der von Hausärzten
übernommenen Aufgaben, gaben mehr als 70% der Ärzte an
bei der Betreuung ihrer Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis
„oft“ die Koordination der Medikamente, Gespräche
über die Diagnose und Laborkontrollen durchzuführen. Die
häufigste Kooperation mit der größten Wichtigkeit und
einer geringen Zufriedenheit ergab sich mit den Rheumatologen. Als
zweithäufigste Kooperation und hoher Wichtigkeit wurde die Kooperation
mit den Physiotherapeuten bewertet. Die höchste Zufriedenheit wurde mit
der Zusammenarbeit mit Pflegediensten beschrieben.

Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, dass Hausärzte bei
der Versorgung von Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis in jedem Stadium der
Versorgung verschiedene Versorgungsaufgaben übernehmen und dabei
unterschiedlich häufig mit anderen Versorgern zusammenarbeiten.
Insbesondere die Zusammenarbeit mit den Rheumatologen und den Physiotherapeuten
ist den Hausärzten wichtig. Jedoch wurde die Kooperation mit
Rheumatologen als unzureichend und verbesserungswürdig beurteilt.
Long-term Incidence and Mortality Trends for Breast Cancer in Germany
Authors: Hübner Joachim , Katalinic Alexander , Waldmann Annika , Kraywinkel Klaus
Published: June 2020

Introduction Changes in risk factors and the introduction of mammography screening in 2005 have led to dramatic changes in the breast cancer-associated burden of disease in Germany. This study aimed to investigate long-term disease-related incidence and mortality trends in women from East and West Germany since the reunification of Germany.

Methods Total and stage-specific incidence rates were evaluated based on data obtained from selected cancer registries. Sufficiently complete data going back to 1995 were available for 4 East German and 3 West German regions. The figures were weighted for population size, and rates were calculated for the whole of Germany based on the rates for East and West Germany. The study particularly focused on 3 different age groups: women eligible for mammography screening (50 – 69 years), younger women (30 – 49 years) and older women (70+ years). All rates were standardised for age. The mortality rates obtained from the official statistics on cause of death since 1990 were processed accordingly.

Results Incidence rates in the observation period increased, as they were affected by the increasing number of cases with early-stage cancers being diagnosed in the screening age group. The total incidence for this group, which included the incidence of non-invasive breast cancers, increased by 14.5% between 2005 and 2016. Early-stage cancers (UICC stages 0 and I) increased by 48.1% while late-stage diagnoses (UICC stages III and IV) decreased by 31.6%. Qualitatively similar changes were noted for the other age groups, although they were less pronounced. The decrease in breast cancer mortality observed since the mid-1990s ended around 2008 for the group of younger women but continued in the screening age group. After 2008, an increase in mortality was observed in the group of older women. The differences in disease burden between East and West Germany (in favour of East Germany) decreased in younger women during the observation period but tended to increase in the group of older women.

Conclusion The analysis suggests that the introduction of mammography screening contributed to a decrease in the incidence of advanced-stage breast cancers and in breast cancer-related mortality rates but also resulted in a substantial number of overdiagnoses. The relatively unfavourable incidence trend in the group of younger women, particularly in East Germany, should be interpreted in the context of lifestyle changes. The slight increase in mortality observed in the group of older women after 2008 requires further analysis.
Evaluation of a simplified Herd Health and Welfare Index for benchmarking in pig herds
Authors: Wadepohl Katharina , Blaha Thomas , Meemken Diana
Published: June 2020

Gegenstand und Ziel Tierwohl und Tiergesundheit rücken in der Nutztierhaltung zunehmend in den Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit. Der für das EFFORT-Projekt (Ökologie mikrobieller Arzneimittelresistenz und Transmission vom Erzeuger zum Verbraucher) entwickelte Herd Health and Welfare Index (HHWI) ermöglicht es, trotz zeitlicher Einschränkungen Tiergesundheit und Tierwohl regelmäßig semiquantitativ zu erfassen. Da die Verbesserung von Tierwohl und Tiergesundheit zur Reduktion des Antibiotikaeinsatzes beitragen kann, ist es wichtig, die Qualität dieser Parameter auf breiter Basis zu registrieren, um Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung planen und bewerten zu können.

Material und Methoden In 20 deutschen Schweineherden kam der HHWI unter Praxisbedingungen zur Anwendung. Die Ergebnisse dienten zur Beurteilung der Herden mit dem Ziel, eine kontinuierliche Verbesserung der Tiergesundheit und des Tierwohls zu fördern. Um die Nutzbarkeit des Index zu belegen, wurden die Ergebnisse des HHWI (Spannweite: 10 Punkte [sehr gut] bis 30 Punkte [sehr schlecht]) mit der Anzahl der Antibiotikabehandlungen, gemessen durch den Animal Treatment Index (ATI), verglichen.

Ergebnisse Die HHWI-Punkte in den untersuchten Herden reichten von 11 bis 25. Im Vergleich des HHWI mit der Anzahl der Behandlungen (angegeben als ATI) ergab sich eine schwache Assoziation.

Schlussfolgerungen Nach den vorläufigen Ergebnissen lässt sich der HHWI statistisch nicht direkt mit dem antimikrobiellen Einsatz in Verbindung bringen. Die Anzahl der nicht direkt mit der Tiergesundheit in Verbindung stehenden Risikofaktoren für einen erhöhten Einsatz von Antibiotika (z. B. Einstellung des Landwirts, Routine- und Gruppenbehandlungen mit Antibiotika) ist zu groß, sodass diese den möglichen Einfluss von Tierwohl und Tiergesundheit überdecken können. Den ersten Ergebnissen zufolge könnte der Index jedoch genutzt werden, um den Verlauf von Maßnahmen zur Reduktion des Antibiotikaeinsatzes in einem Betrieb zu beurteilen.

Klinische Relevanz Der HHWI hat sich als einfach nutzbares Messinstrument zur Bewertung von Veränderungen des Tiergesundheits- und Tierwohlstatus erwiesen. Dies ermöglicht eine kontinuierliche Erhebung der Daten. Langfristig könnte der HHWI zur regionalen oder nationalen Bewertung der Tiergesundheit herangezogen werden, um Schweinebestände, in denen eine Verbesserung von Tiergesundheit und Tierwohl angezeigt ist, zu identifizieren und so das Wohlbefinden der Schweine in diesen Beständen zu verbessern und folglich den Einsatz von Antibiotika zu verringern.
Gliedmaßenamputation bei 2 kleinen Wiederkäuern
Authors: Schoiswohl Julia , Degasperi Brigitte , Schieder Katrin , Ertelt Katrin , Kofler Johann
Published: June 2020

Eine 2 Monate alte Ziege und ein 5 Jahre altes Schaf wurden aufgrund von hochgradiger Lahmheit vorgestellt. Bei der Ziege bestand linksseitig eine 5 Wochen alte offene, distale Metakarpustrümmerfraktur mit hochgradiger Knocheninfektion der distalen Hälfte der Metakarpalknochen. Bei dem Schaf wurden eine offene Schrägfraktur der linken Tibia sowie eine penetrierende Fesselgelenkwunde an derselben Gliedmaße diagnostiziert. In beiden Fällen erfolgte eine Amputation der Gliedmaße auf Höhe Schultergelenk bzw. Oberschenkel unter Allgemeinanästhesie und zusätzlicher Leitungsanästhesie der großen proximalen Gliedmaßennerven. Die Operation verlief jeweils erfolgreich und die Tiere wiesen postoperativ eine gute Beweglichkeit und Lebensqualität auf. Gliedmaßenamputationen bei kleinen Wiederkäuern werden in der Literatur nur selten beschrieben, stellen jedoch eine mögliche Alternative zur Euthanasie dar.
Erstbeschreibung des kaninen leproiden Granuloms in Deutschland: 2 Fallberichte
Authors: Jäger Kathrin , Gläsel Agnes , Hillemann Doris , Martin Nicole , Theuerkauff Julika
Published: June 2020

Bei 2 Hunden wurden im Rahmen der dermatologischen Untersuchung noduläre Hautläsionen im Kopf-/Ohrmuschelbereich nachgewiesen, die mittels histopathologischer, zytologischer und molekularbiologischer Untersuchungen als kanine leproide Granulome charakterisiert werden konnten. Die Erkrankung wird durch nichttuberkulöse, bisher nicht vollständig klassifizierte Mykobakterien verursacht und stellt eine im pazifischen Raum sowie in Nord- und Südamerika dokumentierte Hautläsion dar, die in Deutschland bisher nicht beschrieben wurde. Durch die in beiden Fällen erfolgte Kombination aus chirurgischer und medikamentöser Langzeittherapie (Rifampicin, Clarithromycin, Doxycyclin und lokal Clofazimin) konnten die Granulome entfernt bzw. zur Regression gebracht werden.
Retroperitoneale Lymphadenektomie bei testikulären Keimzelltumoren: Indikationen, Komplikationen und spezielle Fragestellungen
Authors: John Patricia , Albers Peter , Hiester Andreas , Heidenreich Axel
Published: June 2020

Die retroperitoneale Lymphadenektomie ist integraler Bestandteil der stadienadaptierten Therapie von testikulären Keimzelltumoren. Verschiedene Ansätze der retroperitonealen Lymphadenektomie werden auf Basis unterschiedlicher Indikationen durchgeführt.

Die nervschonende retroperitoneale Lymphadenektomie als primäre Therapieoption bei nicht seminomatösen Keimzelltumoren im klinischen Stadium I sollte risikoadaptiert erfolgen. Geringfügige perioperative Komplikationen wie Wundinfekte, Lymphozelen und paralytischer Ileus treten bei in etwa 14 % der Patienten auf. Schwerwiegendere Komplikationen wie chylärer Aszites und Lungenarterienembolien treten bei ca. 5,4 % der Patienten auf. Die häufigste Langzeitkomplikation ist hierbei das Auftreten einer Retrograden Ejakulation. Der Erhalt der antegraden Ejakulation kann jedoch bei weit über 90 % der Patienten erreicht werden.

Die postchemotherapeutische retroperitoneale Lymphadenektomie ist integraler Bestandteil der multimodalen Therapie bei retroperitonealen Residualbefunden. Bei residuellen Befunden > 3 cm beim fortgeschrittenen Seminom dient das FDG PET als zuverlässige Entscheidungshilfe zur Durchführung einer retroperitonealen Lymphadenektomie.

Bei ca. 30 % der Patienten mit nicht seminomatösen Keimzelltumoren finden sich residuelle retroperitoneale Tumorbefunde. Diese sollten unabhängig von der Größe der Befunde bei negativen Serumtumormarkern oder Serumtumormarkern im Plateau komplett reseziert werden. Die postchemotherapeutische retroperitoneale Lymphadenektomie stellt einen herausfordernden Eingriff dar und sollte primär an ausgewiesenen Zentren durchgeführt werden. Bei bis zu 25 % der Patienten ist im Rahmen der postchemotherapeutischen retroperitonealen Lymphadenektomie die Resektion umgebender Strukturen indiziert. Eine Beteiligung der aorta abdominalis liegt in 6 – 10 % der Fälle vor, eine Beteiligung der vena cava in ca. 2 % der Fälle. Komplikationsraten liegen bei der postchemotherapeutischen retroperitonealen Lymphadenektomie höher als bei der primären nervschonenenden Lymphadenektomie mit signifikant höherem intraoperativen Blutverlust und signifikant höherer Transfusionsrate. Mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit von 2 – 7 % tritt chylärer Aszites nach postchemotherapeutischer retroperitonealer Lymphadenektomie häufiger auf. Jedoch kann auch im Rahmen der postchemotherapeutischen Lymphadenektomie bei bis zu 85 % der Erhalt der antegraden Ejakulation erreicht werden. Entscheidend für den Erhalt der antegraden Ejakulation und einer Verbesserung der Morbidität insgesamt ist auch hier das nach Möglichkeit das Anstreben eines nervsparenden Vorgehens durch Anpassung der Felder.
Delivery of Twin Gestation (≥ 32.0 Weeks): The Vaginal Route as a Practicable and Safe Alternative to Cesarean Section
Authors: Dathan-Stumpf Anne , Winkel Katharina , Stepan Holger
Published: June 2020

Objective The appropriate delivery mode for twins is discussed controversially in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate delivery modes and short-term neonatal outcomes of twin pregnancies delivered in University Hospital Leipzig.

Material and Methods A total of 274 twin pregnancies (32.0 to 39.4 weeks of gestation) delivered between 2015 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively with regard to the planned and final delivery mode as well as neonatal outcomes. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for vaginal delivery were comparable to those of the Twin Birth Study.

Results The spontaneous birth rate for births planned as vaginal deliveries was 78.5%; the rate of secondary cesarean section was 19.4%. The final total cesarean rate was 58.8%, and the rate of vaginal deliveries was 41.2%. Vertex or non-vertex position of the second twin had no significant effect on neonatal outcome or mean delivery interval between the birth of the first and second twin. Chorionicity, neonatal weight and gender had no significant impact on delivery mode. However, successful vaginal delivery was associated with higher gestational age and both fetuses in vertex position. The combined neonatal outcome for both twins was significantly worse if they were delivered by cesarean section compared to spontaneous birth. In addition, the leading twin in monochorionic/diamniotic (MC/DA) pregnancies was intubated more frequently after cesarean delivery and had significantly lower Apgar scores.

Conclusion Vaginal delivery in twin pregnancies is a practicable and safe option in specific defined conditions and when the appropriate infrastructure and clinical experience is available.
Donation after Circulatory Death: Potential Mechanisms of Injury and Preventative Strategies
Authors: Croome Kristopher P.
Published: June 2020

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors represent a potential means to help address the disparity between the number of patients awaiting liver transplantation (LT) and the availability of donor livers. While initial enthusiasm for DCD LT was high in the early 2000s, early reports of high rates of biliary complications and inferior graft survival resulted in reluctance among many transplant centers to use DCD liver grafts. As with all innovations in transplant practice, there is undoubtedly a learning curve associated with the optimal utilization of liver grafts from DCD donors. More contemporary data has demonstrated that results with DCD LT are improving and the number of DCD LT performed annually has been steadily increasing. In this concise review, potential mechanisms of injury for DCD livers are discussed along with strategies that have been employed in clinical practice to improve DCD LT outcomes.
Lithopedion—A Rock Baby
Authors: Pradeep Kumar Chandandur Nagarajaiah , Sowmya Jagadish , Manupratap Narayan , Rajendrakumar N. L. , Nanjaraj Chakenalli Puttaraju , Sushma Hanumanthaiah , Raksha Allalasandra Ramakrishnaiah , Vinaya Manohara Gowda , Vasanth Kumar Lakshman Kumar
Published: June 2020

Lithopedion is a rare condition that occurs only in ectopic pregnancy and in <1% of all pregnancies. In this condition, the fetus dies and is not absorbed by the mother’s body but escapes the maternal immunity by forming calcified shell around it. The dead fetus remains in the maternal body for considerable period without complications.
The Gentleman’s Game Has New Rules for Concussion: Possible Impact and Controversies
Authors: Tripathi Manjul , Deora Harsh , Yagnick Nishant S. , Mohindra Sandeep , Batish Aman , Gurnaani Jenil
Published: June 2020

Background When Jofra Archer bowled that fateful bouncer that felled Steve Smith, arguably the best batsman in the world, the gut-churning incident revived images of the horrific Phillip Hughes tragedy. Fortunately, Smith was soon up and about, but he was forced off the ground by the medicos. Less than an hour later, the 30-year-old came back to the crease to resume his innings on 80 not out but he did not look right. He soon fell for 92—the first time he was dismissed under a hundred in the series—to a misjudgment that he would never make normally. Following this, discussions regarding concussions in sports in general and cricket in particular had been reignited throughout the world.

Methods We reviewed all available literatures on concussion in cricket and also reviewed all possible guidelines issued by the International Cricket Council and Cricket Australia on concussion. The latest guidelines issued on May 23, 2019 were kept as the basis for this article. Causes and possible methods/steps in management of the same were considered.

Discussion Sport should not be played at the cost of lives and mental well-being of the players. The guidelines issued are very exhaustive and useful but have no meaning if they are not implemented properly. Sports-related injuries are often considered trivial but considering recent events, they are not. There is a spectrum ranging from craniofacial injuries to concussion, leading to career and even life-ending injuries in professional cricket. In retrospect, most of the injuries were concussions but they had a lasting impact on the players’ career.

Conclusion Appropriate medical personnel must be present at all times to cover all matches (preferably having experience in head injuries). The decision on the medical personnel pervades any stage of the game and substitutes should be considered immediately, with return to play only after proper evaluation, and clearance has been obtained.
Low-Cost Customized Cranioplasty with Polymethyl Methacrylate Using 3D Printer Generated Mold: An Institutional Experience and Review of Literature
Authors: Chaudhary Ankit , Sinha Virendra Deo , Chopra Sanjeev , Shekhawat Jitendra , Jain Gaurav
Published: June 2020

Background Cranioplasty is performed to repair skull defects and to restore normal skull anatomy. Optimal reconstruction remains a topic of debate. Autologous bone flap is the standard option but it may not be available due to traumatic bone fractures, bone infection, and resorption. The authors present their experience with prefabrication of precise and low-cost polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) mold using three-dimensional (3D) digital printing.

Methods A total of 30 patients underwent cranioplasty between March 2017 and September 2019 at Sawai Man Singh Medical College Jaipur, India. Preoperative data included diagnosis for which decompressive craniectomy was done and Glasgow coma scale score was observed. Intraoperative data included operating time. Postoperative data included cosmetic outcome in the form of cranial contour and margins, complications such as infection, seroma, implant failure, wound dehiscence, and hematoma.

Results Patient age at cranioplasty ranged from 12 to 63 years with a mean age of 36.7 years. The mean operating time was 151.6 minutes (range 130–190 minutes). The mean follow-up period was 8 months (range 6–13 months). Postoperative wound dehiscence developed in one case (3.3%). Cranial contour and approximation of the margins were excellent and aesthetic appearance improved in all patients.

Conclusion Low-cost PMMA implant made by digital 3D printer mold is associated with reconstruction of the deformed skull contour giving satisfactory results to the patient and his family members, at a low cost compared with other commercially available implants. This technique could be a breakthrough in cranioplasty.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Radiation Oncology and Cancer Care: A Perspective from the Cancer Belt Region of India
Authors: Marcus Sapna , Mahajan Rohit
Published: June 2020

A pandemic coronavirus, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes a respiratory illness called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is often severe or life threatening. Considering the low immunity status of cancer patients due to multimodality treatment, they seem to be more prone to COVID-19. Given the rapidity with which the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading, we can expect an increased burden of cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at oncology treatment clinics and a need to address the issues associated. As of the date of this writing, United States has been witnessing an increase in confirmed cases, not far behind are the large outbreaks of European countries. Patients with cancer may have compromised immunity due to their disease or its ongoing treatment, and early reports suggest cancer is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. Since the outbreak in Wuhan, Chinese researchers have published on their experience with COVID-19 and have highlighted high-risk groups, including the elderly and patients with comorbidities, including cancer. In one of the largest series reported from Wuhan, elderly patients were at a higher risk for disease severity with an 8.0% case fatality rate in those aged between 70 and 79 years, and 14.8% in those aged 80 years and older. The case fatality rate for cancer patients in that cohort was notably higher than noncancer patients at 5.6 versus 2.1% in the whole sample. This review focuses on the pandemic-driven strategies that need to be adopted to overcome the radiation oncology clinics burden, especially in this region of India popularly termed as the cancer belt. Although colleagues around the world have dealt with enormous service pressures in the face of natural disaster or infection previously, the global scale and challenge of COVID-19 are unprecedented. Our aim is to highlight the quintessential point that even within these circumstances the morbidity and mortality associated with cancer should not be taken lightly. Departmental protocols should be regularly upgraded to provide smooth and efficient functioning of the department.
Study of the Incidence, Clinicopathological Profile, and Management of Second Primary Tumors in Patients with Index Head and Neck Tumors
Authors: Jain Chirag , Jain Mansi , Dewan Ajay Kumar , Medisetty Pavani , Jajodia Ankush , Doval Dinesh Chandra , Koyyala Venkata Pradeep Babu
Published: June 2020

Introduction This study was performed to study the incidence and clinicopathological profile of second primary tumors (SPTs) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck at our institute.

Materials and Methods In this study, we included the data of 120 patients who developed an SPT of the upper aerodigestive tract following treatment of their index tumor (IT). Since the online data of cancer patients in our cancer registry was available from January 2005, we started the study retrospectively from that time. At our institute, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, the incidence was found to be 8.4%. Warren and Gates criteria were followed for defining a second tumor.

Results Our study results showed an incidence of 8.4% of SPTs among patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The mean age of the patients was 56.47 ± 10.42 years with a male predominance. The mean period of addiction in patients was 18.48 ± 4.63 years. It was found that patients with SPT had significant history of tobacco and alcohol use. The most common location for ITs and SPT was tongue and buccal mucosa. The main modality of treatment was surgery in all patient groups. Patients were followed up at three-month intervals for the first 2 years. The SPT was diagnosed with a confirmation biopsy. Majority of patients with SPT again underwent surgery with reconstruction with either free flaps or local flaps. Recurrence after SPT treatment was seen in 16.67% cases, and primarily, it was a locoregional recurrence. Only patients with at least 6 months follow-up posttreatment of SPT were included in this study. At the end of the study, 62.5% patients were disease free, 20.83% patients were alive with disease, and 16.67% patients were dead. Some of the patients who are alive with disease developed a third primary tumor which was managed as per guidelines.

Conclusion The incidence of SPTs is 8.4% in our institute. This study adds to the theory of field cancerization proposed by Slaughter et al. We found a significant history of tobacco chewing in our patients who developed SPT. The clinical significance of this study is identifying the features of SPT in patients with HNSCC and allowing for a rational follow-up schedule. The most important part of treatment although still lies with the patient by quitting use of alcohol and tobacco.
Production, nitrogenous compounds in manure and serum chemistry of laying hens provided multi-species (Lactobacillus spp.) probiotics
Authors: Naseem Sadia , Willits Neil , King Annie J.
Published: June 2020

Context
A practical, low-cost suggestion for industry to reduce ammonia (NH3) in layer houses is use of Lactobacillus species (L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei and L. plantarum) in drinking water or feed. Thus, we investigated their short-term (8 weeks) use in young layers.

Aim
A combination of species of Lactobacillus (L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei and L. plantarum at 1.0 × 1012 CFU/kg feed) was provided for laying hens in order to investigate effects on production, nitrogenous compounds in manure, serum chemistry and uric acid in the liver.

Method
Ninety-six White Leghorns (32 weeks old) were randomly assigned to a control diet (commercial feed) or a diet containing commercial feed + probiotics (g/kg feed: L. rhamnosus 1.667, L. paracasei 0.667 and L. plantarum 0.740) and fed for an additional 8 weeks.

Key results
No significant major effects were observed among diets on bodyweight, feed intake, egg production or feed conversion ratio. Numerical reductions were noted for feed intake (10%) and feed conversion ratio (9%) at Week 2 for layers receiving probiotics as compared to the control. Ammonia, ammonium-nitrogen (N), total Kjeldahl N and total N in manure were not changed significantly by probiotics, nor did probiotics significantly affect the serum profile (ammonia, uric acid, total protein, albumin and creatine kinase) or uric acid in the liver. There was a numerical but non-significant increase in creatine kinase (11%) after 8 weeks in serum of hens receiving probiotics; likewise, there was a non-significant 8% increase in uric acid concentration in the liver of hens receiving probiotics at the end of the experimental period.

Conclusion
The probiotics (L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei and L. plantarum at 1.0 × 1012 CFU/kg feed) used in this study did not significantly reduce N-containing compounds in manure of 32–40-week-old layers.

Implications
Age, different types of layers (and broilers) and mode of administration or concentration of probiotics play important roles in outcomes. Extensive collaborative studies are needed to provide definitive answers for use of probiotics in layer (as well as broiler) feed for reduction of N-containing compounds in poultry houses.