bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Preoperative Gum Chewing on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Women Undergoing Robotic Laparoscopic Surgery for Uterine Myomas: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chae Min Suk , Koh Hyun Jung
Published: December 2024

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a frequent and uncomfortable complication in women undergoing robotic gynecological procedures. Despite the use of various preventive strategies, PONV continues to negatively impact recovery and increase healthcare expenses. This study aimed to evaluate whether the preoperative use of sugar-free chewing gum could effectively minimize the dependence on anti-emetic drugs in women undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for uterine myomas. Methods: In this randomized, single-blind study, 92 adult women scheduled for robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery were enrolled. The participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a gum-chewing group, which was instructed to chew sugar-free gum for 15 min in the preoperative holding area, or a control group that did not chew gum. The primary outcome was the requirement for anti-emetic medication within the first hour after surgery, when the patient was in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Secondary outcomes included the overall frequency of anti-emetic use. To assess the intervention’s effectiveness independent of any other factors, no prophylactic anti-emetics were administered during surgery. Results: Of the 92 participants, 89 completed the study, with 44 assigned to the gum-chewing group and 45 to the control group. The gum-chewing group showed a significantly lower rate of PONV, requiring anti-emetic treatment (79.5%), compared to the control group (95.6%). Additionally, the control group demonstrated a higher overall need for anti-emetic medications. Notably, there were no reported adverse effects, such as jaw discomfort, dental injuries, or gastric regurgitation, in either group. Conclusions: Chewing sugar-free gum for 15 min prior to surgery was found to be a safe, simple, and effective method to reduce the occurrence of PONV in women undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for benign uterine tumors. This non-invasive intervention reduced the reliance on anti-emetic drugs and improved patient comfort, without introducing risks. These findings suggest that preoperative gum chewing could be routinely implemented in clinical settings to enhance surgical outcomes.
The Role of Corticosteroids in Non-Bacterial and Secondary Encephalitis
Authors: Di Flumeri Giusy , Giaccari Luca Gregorio , Pace Maria Caterina , Passavanti Maria Beatrice , Pota Vincenzo , Riccardi Vincenzo , Brunetti Simona , Sansone Pasquale , Coppolino Francesco , Aurilio Caterina
Published: December 2024

Encephalitis affects 1.9 to 14.3 people per 100,000 each year, and the mortality rate varies but can be up to 40%. After the identification of a particular microorganism in a patient with encephalitis, appropriate antimicrobial therapy should be initiated. Corticosteroid therapy represents a therapeutic option in the treatment of primary central nervous system diseases due to its ability to reduce the inflammatory commitment of CNS and consequently reduce mortality rates regardless of the causative agent of injury. Corticosteroid therapy represents a therapeutic option in the treatment of primary central nervous system diseases. Their use is also recommended in meningitis with autoimmune etiology. While corticosteroids have repeatedly been used as adjunctive treatment in encephalitis of viral etiology, the scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness remains scarce. The use of standard doses recommended by the guidelines seems reasonable as an initial setting, especially when a definitive diagnosis of the causal agent is still awaited. The subsequent adjustment should be personalized based on the individual clinical response.
Transoral Robotic Surgery for Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Systematic Literature Review of Current Practices
Authors: Mouratidou Stavroula , Chaidas Konstantinos
Published: December 2024

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for tongue base reduction (TBR) and/or epiglottic surgery is an effective treatment option for selected patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This systematic review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of current practices and challenges associated with TORS for OSA. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to December 2022 following PRISMA guidelines. Primary outcome measures were surgical technique, intraoperative measures, postoperative management and complications. A total of 32 articles, including 2546 patients, met the inclusion criteria. TORS was most commonly performed as part of a multilevel surgical approach. Nasotracheal intubation was the preferred method for general anaesthesia. The surgical technique for TORS tongue base and epiglottis did not differ significantly among institutions, although some variations exist. Postoperative management varied, with most authors aiming for immediate postoperative extubation, routine postoperative ward admission and early oral intake initiation. Common postoperative complications were dysphagia and bleeding, with no reported mortality. TORS is established as a safe and feasible surgical option for selected OSA patients, addressing tongue base and/or epiglottic obstruction. However, further studies are required to determine patients’ selection criteria, preferred volume of excised tongue tissue and to assess the necessity for postoperative intensive care unit monitoring.
Evaluating the Role of Aspirin in Liver Disease: Efficacy, Safety, Potential Benefits and Risks
Authors: Elshaer Amani , Lizaola-Mayo Blanca C.
Published: December 2024

The rise in liver disease incidence and prevalence has led to increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Persistent hepatic inflammation drives disease progression by increasing fibrosis, advancing to cirrhosis, and potentially developing into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Addressing these complications is essential to reduce liver-related mortality. Recent studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, particularly aspirin, may play a beneficial role in managing liver disease. Aspirin’s anti-inflammatory and chemoprotective effects contribute to slowing disease progression and reducing the risks associated with chronic liver disease (CLD). This review highlights the current literature on the effects of aspirin in CLD, with a focus on patients with metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and hepatitis B and C. We will examine aspirin’s potential ability to mitigate fibrosis, reduce the incidence of HCC, and lower liver-related mortality. Additionally, we will discuss its potential side effects and safety considerations, particularly in the context of liver disease, where there is an increased risk of bleeding.
Comparative Analysis of Infusions and Ethanolic Extracts of Annona muricata Leaves from Colima, Mexico: Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Hernandez-Fuentes Gustavo A. , Delgado-Enciso Osiris G. , Larios-Cedeño Edgar G. , Sánchez-Galindo Juan M. , Ceballos-Magaña Silvia G. , Pineda-Urbina Kayim , Alcalá-Pérez Mario A. , Magaña-Vergara Nancy E. , Delgado-Enciso Josuel , Díaz-Llerenas Uriel , Diaz-Martinez Janet , Garza-Veloz Idalia , Martinez-Fierro Margarita L. , Rodriguez-Sanchez Iram P. , Delgado-Enciso Ivan
Published: December 2024

Background: Annona muricata L. (guanabana) leaves are rich in bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant properties. In the state of Colima, both ethanolic extracts and infusions are traditionally used in folk medicine to address various ailments. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts and infusions of A. muricata leaves from three geographic regions in Colima, Mexico, with a focus on how geographic origin affects their bioactive properties. Methods: Ethanolic extracts and infusions were prepared from A. muricata leaves and analyzed using phytochemical screening; DPPH, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total phenolic content (TPC) measurements; and HPLC. TLC was also conducted to examine the presence of specific compounds, such as flavonoids and phenols. Results: Both the ethanolic extracts and infusions contained significant levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The infusions demonstrated superior antioxidant capacity, with DPPH inhibition values of 72.5%, 68.3%, and 65.1% in the northern, central, and southern regions, respectively, compared to the ethanolic extracts’ values of 50.3%, 48.9%, and 45.0%. HPLC identified quercetin as a major compound across all samples. Geographically, the northern region exhibited higher concentrations of bioactive compounds, particularly total flavonoid content (TFC) and iron-reducing power (FRPA). Conclusions: Both the ethanolic extracts and infusions of A. muricata leaves exhibited significant antioxidant properties, with the infusions showing superior performance. The results suggest that A. muricata infusions may have potential applications in managing oxidative stress-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Exploring their use in traditional medicine and employing this type of approach can help discern the metabolite profile responsible for these bioactivities. Geographic factors influence the bioactive profile of the plant, and further research is needed to isolate specific bioactive compounds and elucidate their therapeutic mechanisms.
Differential Gut Microbiome Profiles in Long-Distance Endurance Cyclists and Runners
Authors: Shalmon Guy , Ibrahim Rawan , Israel-Elgali Ifat , Grad Meitar , Shlayem Rani , Shapira Guy , Shomron Noam , Youngster Ilan , Scheinowitz Mickey
Published: December 2024

We recently have shown that the gut microbiota composition in female and male runners positively correlates with sports, and female runners show similar gut microbiome diversity to male runners. However, gut microbiota composition has not yet been fully investigated in other endurance athletes, such as cyclists. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the gut microbiome profiles in competitive, non-professional female and male cyclists compared to what we have shown in runners. We aim to understand (1) whether the gut microbiome signature is sport-specific; (2) whether there is a microbiome difference between female and male cyclists and runners; and (3) whether the gut bacteria expressed in cyclists and runners correlates with exercise performance. Our study included 58 subjects: 18 cyclists (9 males), 22 runners (13 males), and 18 control subjects (9 males). Fecal samples were obtained and subjected to taxonomic analysis to assess the relative abundances of species across subjects based on 16S rRNA sequencing results. Both alpha and beta diversity of the bacterial communities were evaluated to identify compositional variations between the groups. Each participant completed a maximal oxygen consumption test and a time-to-exhaustion test at 85% of the measured VO2max. Cyclists performed the test on an SRM ergometer, while runners used a motorized treadmill. Blood lactate levels were measured at 5 min intervals throughout the time-to-exhaustion trials. Alpha diversity demonstrated a significant difference (p-adj < 0.001) between cyclists and runners. Male cyclists showed significantly lower alpha diversity than runners (p-adj < 0.001). The taxonomic analysis of gut microbiota composition between cyclists, runners, and controls showed a lower or higher abundance of fifteen different bacteria. In cyclists, there was a significant positive correlation between six bacteria, and in runners, there was a significant positive correlation between eight bacteria, with weekly training volume, time-to-exhaustion, VO2max, and blood lactate levels. This study suggests potential sport-specific characteristics in long-distance cyclists’ and runners’ gut microbiome signatures. These findings emphasize the differences in gut microbiota between cyclists and runners, probably due to the difference in physiological and biomechanical conditions related to the activity mode during each sport.
An Integrated Supply Chain Model for Predicting Demand and Supply and Optimizing Blood Distribution
Authors: Niakan Pooria Bagher , Keramatpour Mehdi , Afshar-Nadjafi Behrouz , Komijan Alireza Rashidi
Published: December 2024

Background: The blood supply chain (BSC) is crucial for providing safe and sufficient blood, but it faces numerous challenges and needs to be robust and resilient. This study provides a comprehensive model for managing and optimizing the BSC in real-world scenarios, including emergency and routine circumstances and with consideration of health equity concepts. Method: Classic time-series models are applied to predict future supply chain circumstances, addressing uncertainty in blood demand and the need for timely supply. A structured framework and medical preferences are prioritized to optimize distribution, minimize blood shortages, minimize wastage due to expiry, and maximize blood freshness. Genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to solve mathematical models quickly and efficiently, ensuring reliable operation. Result: The model’s outcomes can effectively meet the daily needs of the BSC and assist decision-makers managing blood inventory and distribution, improving robustness and resilience. Conclusions: Utilizing weights allows for the effective management of each objective function to convert the model into a single-objective mixed-integer linear programming (SO-MILP) based on unique conditions, enabling the system to self-adjust for optimal performance, boosting the sustainability of the blood supply chain, and promoting the principle of health equity under diverse real-world settings.
An Insight into Chip and Surface Texture Shaping Under Finish Turning of Powder Steels Infiltrated with Tin Bronze
Authors: Leksycki Kamil , Feldshtein Eugene , Dyachkova Larisa , Arkusz Katarzyna , Ceglewski Maciej , Czerwiec Łukasz
Published: December 2024

The manufacturing of work parts made of powder (sintered) steels is currently widespread in industry, as it provides minimal processing allowances and high dimensional accuracy, as well as the required properties and unconventional chemical composition. At the same time, their low tensile or bending strength must be considered a serious disadvantage. In order to minimize these disadvantages, a number of strengthening technologies are used, among which is the infiltration of porous base materials with metal alloys. In this study, the details of finish turning of sintered iron-graphite-based steel infiltrated with tin bronze with molybdenum disulfide addition are considered. Changes in the shape of chips and their geometric features, as well as the 3D parameters and topography features of the surface machined, are presented after finish turning with AH8015 carbide inserts. The cutting speed (vc) and feed rate (f) were used as variable parameters. It was found that when turning the powder steels under study, the chips took the shape of small fragments or element chips, including segmented chips. For quenching steel, the formation of irregular lamellae was observed and for the initial state, a serrated chip was registered. For the initial state, a reduction in Kb values was observed in the range of the vc of 50–100 m/min and f of 0.05–0.075 mm/rev, and for quenching in the range of 225–250 m/min and 0.05–0.075 mm/rev. Compared to the initial state, for quenching, depending on the cutting parameters, a 14% reduction in the chip spreading ratio Kb or an increase from 2 to 32% was registered. For the initial state and quenching, a decrease in the Sp and Sv parameters was achieved in the range of the vc of 200–250 m/min and f of 0.05–0.075 mm/rev, and there was an increase in the range of 50–150 m/min and 0.125–0.15 mm/rev. Compared to the initial state, an increase in the Sz parameter from 10 to 35% was observed for quenching. On the surfaces machined with vc = 50 m/min and f = 0.05 mm/rev, waves and single significant peaks were observed. On the other hand, vc = 250 m/min and f = 0.15 mm/rev provided classical feed tracks in the form of valleys and irregular ridges on the surfaces machined. The test results can be useful in the design and manufacturing of industrial parts made of powder steels.
Method for the Mixing Design and Physical Characterization of Air-Foamed Lightweight Clay Concrete: A Response to the Issue of Recycling Dredged Sediments
Authors: Zambon Agnès , Sbartaï Zoubir Mehdi , Sayouri Nadia
Published: December 2024

From both economic and environmental points of view, the reuse of dredged sediments in the direct onsite casting of concrete represents a promising method for replacing sand. The aim of this study was to develop a cementitious material that (i) reuses the thin particles of sediments; (ii) has a low density due to the incorporation of air foam in the material; and (iii) achieves a minimum mechanical strength of 0.5 MPa for embankment applications. This study focused on the characterization of a non-standard “concrete”, which is a mixture of a synthetic soil (80% montmorillonite and 20% calibrated sand) and cement. To reduce its density, air foam was incorporated into the material during the manufacturing process (air-foamed lightweight clay concrete—AFLCC). The study results highlight that a density around 1.2 (unit: g/cm3/1 g/cm3) can be obtained. This density reduction can be obtained with a certain degree of workability when the material is in a fresh state. To obtain this workability, a certain amount of water must be added; however, the addition of water has a significant impact on the compressive strength of the AFLCC. As such, a mathematical equation correlating the compressive strength, the density, and the percentage of cement is proposed in this study. The mechanical strength results of the AFLCC at different times, in conjunction with the Vicat results, show that the porosity created by the air foam has the effect of slowing down the hydration mechanism of the cement. The porosities obtained are consistent with the density results. The characteristic radii indicate large pore sizes for formulations with low fluidity in the fresh state when air bubbles are incorporated.
Predicting the Effect of RSW Parameters on the Shear Force and Nugget Diameter of Similar and Dissimilar Joints Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Multilayer Perceptron
Authors: Mezher Marwan T. , Pereira Alejandro , Trzepieciński Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Resistance spot-welded joints are crucial parts in contemporary manufacturing technology due to their ubiquitous use in the automobile industry. The necessity of improving manufacturing efficiency and quality at an affordable cost requires deep knowledge of the resistance spot welding (RSW) process and the development of artificial neural network (ANN)- and machine learning (ML)-based modelling techniques, apt for providing essential tools for design, planning, and incorporation in the welding process. Tensile shear force and nugget diameter are the most crucial outputs for evaluating the quality of a resistance spot-welded specimen. This study uses ML and ANN models to predict shear force and nugget diameter responses to RSW parameters. The RSW analysis was executed on similar and dissimilar AISI 304 and grade 2 titanium alloy joints with equal and unequal thicknesses. The input parameters included welding current, pressure, welding duration, squeezing time, holding time, pulse welding, and sheet thickness. Linear regression, Decision tree, Support vector machine (SVM), Random forest (RF), Gradient-boosting, CatBoost, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Ridge, Lasso, and ElasticNet machine learning algorithms, along with two different structures of Multilayer Perceptron, were utilized for studying the impact of the RSW parameters on the shear force and nugget diameter. Different validation metrics were applied to assess each model’s quality. Two equations were developed to determine the shear force and nugget diameter based on the investigation parameters. The current research also presents a prediction of the Relative Importance (RI) of RSW factors. Shear force and nugget diameter predictions were examined using SHapley (SHAP) Additive Explanations for the first time in the RSW field. Trainbr as the training function and Logsig as the transfer function delivered the best ANN model for predicting shear force in a one-output structure. Trainrp with Tansig made the most accurate predictions for nugget diameter in a one-output structure and for shear force and diameter in a two-output structure. Depending on validation metrics, the Random forest model outperformed the other ML algorithms in predicting shear force or nugget diameter in a one-output model, while the Decision tree model gave the best prediction using a two-output structure. Linear regression made the worst ML predictions for shear force, while ElasticNet made the worst nugget diameter forecasts in a one-output model. However, in two-output models, Lasso made the worst predictions.
Low-Temperature Sintering and Microwave Dielectric Properties of CuxZn1−xTi0.2Zr0.8Nb2O8 Ceramics with the Aid of LiF
Authors: Ma Xing-Hua , Qu Qi , Wu Haitao , Zhang Zhenlu , Ma Xingyi
Published: December 2024

M2+N4+Nb2O8-type ceramics (where M = Mg, Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and N = Ti, Zr) are essential for satellite communication and mobile base stations due to their medium relative permittivity (εr) and high quality factor (Q × f). Although ZnTi0.2Zr0.8Nb2O8 ceramic exhibits impressive microwave dielectric properties, including an εr of 29.75, a Q × f of 107,303 GHz, and a τf of −24.41 ppm/°C, its sintering temperature of 1150 °C remains a significant barrier for integration into low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technologies. To overcome this limitation, a strategy involving the partial substitution of Zn2+ with Cu2+ and the addition of LiF as a sintering aid was devised for ZnTi0.2Zr0.8Nb2O8. The dual impact of Cu2+ partial substitution and LiF as a sintering enhancer facilitated the successful sintering of Cu0.3Zn0.7Ti0.2Zr0.8Nb2O8 ceramics at a reduced temperature of 950 °C using the conventional solid-state reaction method. These ceramics exhibited excellent microwave dielectric properties. Notably, Cu0.3Zn0.7Ti0.2Zr0.8Nb2O8 ceramic with 40 mol% LiF addition demonstrated optimal microwave dielectric properties without any reaction with a silver electrode at a sintering temperature of 950 °C, yielding εr = 32, Q × f = 45,543 GHz, and τf = −43.5 ppm/°C.
Influence of Scanning Strategy on Residual Stresses in Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion Manufactured Alloy 718: Modeling and Experiments
Authors: Hassila Carl-Johan , Malmelöv Andreas , Andersson Carl , Hektor Johan , Fisk Martin , Lundbäck Andreas , Wiklund Urban
Published: December 2024

In additive manufacturing, the presence of residual stresses in produced parts is a well-recognized phenomenon. These residual stresses not only elevate the risk of crack formation but also impose limitations on in-service performance. Moreover, it can distort printed parts if released, or in the worst case even cause a build to fail due to collision with the powder scraper. This study introduces a thermo-mechanical finite element model designed to predict the impact of various scanning strategies in order to mitigate the aforementioned unwanted outcomes. The investigation focuses on the deformation and residual stresses of two geometries manufactured by laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). To account for relaxation effects during the process, a mechanism-based material model has been implemented and used. Additionally, a purely mechanical model, based on the inherent strain method, has been calibrated to account for different scanning strategies. To assess the predicted residual stresses, high-energy synchrotron measurements have been used to obtain values for comparison. The predictions of the models are evaluated, and their accuracy is discussed in terms of the physical aspects of the PBF-LB process. Both the thermo-mechanical models and the inherent strain method capture the trend of experimentally measured residual stress fields. While deformations are also adequately captured, there is an overall underprediction of their magnitude. This work contributes to advancing our understanding of the thermo-mechanical behavior in PBF-LB and provides valuable insights for optimizing scanning strategies in additive manufacturing processes.
Stabilisation/Solidification of the Zn-Contaminated Loess Silt in View of the Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lal Agnieszka , Fronczyk Joanna
Published: December 2024

The effectiveness of the stabilisation/solidification process depends upon a number of factors, the most significant of which are the type of binder, contaminants, and soil undergoing treatment. In accordance with the principles of sustainable construction, alternatives to cement are sought after, with the objective of achieving the lowest environmental impact while maintaining a high level of strength and effective binding of the contaminant. In the study of the stabilisation/solidification of zinc-contaminated loess, incinerated sewage sludge fly ash with reactive magnesia was selected as the binder, and the UCS of the mixtures and microstructure was verified after 28 days of treatment. The values obtained were related to the strength of a reference sample and exhibited by S/S products using Portland cement. The findings verified the effectiveness of the selected materials in the S/S process. Following a 28-day treatment with 30 and 45% IFA and MgO in a 2:1 ratio, the samples were classified as a hard subgrade, suitable for civil engineering purposes, due to the UCS values achieved, ranging from 0.52 to 0.9 MPa. Furthermore, a correlation between the UCS values and the water content was identified, and the mineralogical composition of S/S products was determined with the use of the XRD technique.
Analysis of the Deburring Efficiency of EN-AW 7075 Aluminum Alloy Parts with Complex Geometric Shapes Considering the Tool Path Strategy During Multi-Axis Brushing
Authors: Matuszak Jakub , Kawalec Andrzej , Gdula Michał
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of an analysis of the effect of brushing on the edge condition of workpieces with complex geometric shapes, formed during milling, on a five-axis DMU 100 monoBLOCK machining center. A set of EN-AW 7075 aluminum alloy specimens with curvilinear edges requiring multi-axis machining was prepared. The change of edge condition after the milling process was realized using Xebec tools with flexible ceramic fibers. The effects of brush fiber type and parameters related to tool design were analyzed. Different brushing strategies were employed on the five-axis machining center. It was shown that, for curvilinear edges, there were different effects for concave and convex edges depending on the employed tool strategy, including the type of tool, its configuration, and its orientation towards the workpiece. For a lead angle of β = 0°, the machined edge was characterized by variable chamfer widths, in spite of maintaining other machining parameters constant. The use of a lead angle β > 0 produced a stable edge with repeatable characteristics. The range of fiber interaction increased with increasing the lead angle and fiber working length.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Compatibility Between Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Coating Resins Assisted by Co-Solvents
Authors: Wang Nan , Pei Chenxiao , Zhong Yuhang , Zhang Yuqi , Liu Xingang , Hou Jianyuan , Yuan Yuan , Zhang Renxi
Published: December 2024

The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) as a replacement for volatile organic solvents in coatings has the potential to reduce air pollution. This paper presents the findings of a molecular dynamics simulation study investigating the dissolution behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in ScCO2 assisted by five co-solvents. On the basis of solubility parameters, interaction binding energy, and radial distribution functions, the impacts of temperature, pressure, and co-solvents on the compatibility of ScCO2 and PVDF were investigated at the microscopic level. The simulation results demonstrated that low-temperature and high-pressure conditions facilitate the dissolution of PVDF in ScCO2, where the optimal conditions are 308.15 K and 16 MPa. The enhancement of the solubility performance of ScCO2 slowed down with increasing pressure, but was more sensitive to changes in temperature. The weak attraction between PVDF and ScCO2 was synergized by van der Waals and electrostatic forces, making it challenging to achieve complete and homogeneous mixing. The use of co-solvents with strong polarity can enhance the solvent system’s solubility. Ethanol and 2-butoxy-1-ethanol have obvious solubilizing abilities due to the hydrogen bond donors, which can generate hydrogen bonding interactions with ScCO2, increase the polarity of the solvent system, and promote the compatibility of ScCO2 with PVDF.
Mesoporous Silica-Carbon Composites with Enhanced Conductivity: Analysis of Powder and Thin Film Forms
Authors: Karczmarska Agnieszka , Zieliński Piotr M. , Laskowski Łukasz , Prusik Krystian , Pawlik Katarzyna , Laskowska Magdalena
Published: December 2024

The resistivity of the silica SBA-15 type can be significantly improved by forming a thin layer of carbon on the pore surface. This is possible through the carbonization reaction of a surfactant used as a structure-directing agent in the synthesis of mesostructured silica materials. The synthesis of this type of silica-carbon composite (SBA-C) is based on the use of sulfuric acid to create a carbon layer from surfactant molecules encapsulated in silica mesopores. The action of sulfuric acid takes place through dehydration and sulfonation reactions, which promote the formation of aromatic structures and favor crosslinking processes. The same procedure was applied to prepare MTF-C composites based on mesostructured thin films (MTFs). Compared to pure silica materials, these silica-carbon composites exhibit reduced pore diameter and volume while maintaining morphology and structure. The pore structure characteristics were obtained by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and isothermal sorption analysis. The composite obtained after carbon layer formation exhibited enhanced conductivity in comparison to pure silica SBA-15. The resistivity of SBA-C composite material after annealing at 800 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere decreased to 1980 Ωcm in comparison with pure SBA-15.
Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Study on Orientation Evolution and Deformation Inhomogeneity of Island Grain During the Ultra-Thin Strips Rolling of Grain Oriented Electrical Steel
Authors: Wang Huanzhu , Yang Ping , Xie Qingge , Gu Xinfu
Published: December 2024

The presence of island grains in the initial finished sheets of grain-oriented electrical steel is inevitable in the preparation of ultra-thin strips. Owing to their distinctive shape and size effects, their deformation behavior during rolling differs from that of grain-oriented electrical steels of conventional thickness. This study focuses on the orientation evolution and deformation heterogeneity of island grains during rolling. Four types of island grains with orientations of {210}<001>, {110}<112>, {114}<481>, and {100}<021> were selected and modeled within the Goss-oriented matrix using full-field crystal plasticity finite element (CPFEM) simulation under plane strain compression. The results are then compared with corresponding experimental measurements. The results reveal that orientation rotation and grain fragmentation vary among the island grains of different orientations, with the first two orientations exhibiting more significant deformation heterogeneity compared to the latter two. Additionally, the orientations of the island grains significantly affect the distribution of residual Goss orientations within the surrounding matrix. Pancake-like island grains exhibit a higher degree of orientation scatter and greater deformation heterogeneity in the central layer compared to their spherical counterparts. The initial {210}<001> island grains can form a cube orientation, which can be optimized by subsequent process control to enhance magnetic properties.
Comparative Study of Granite and Expanded Clay Aggregate as Backfill Materials for Masonry Vaults
Authors: Krajewski Piotr , Hojdys Łukasz
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of experimental and numerical tests on barrel vaults with backfill material. The thickness, internal span, and rise of the vaults were 125 mm, 2000 mm, and 730 mm, respectively. In experimental studies, vaults with backfill of expanded clay aggregate or granite aggregate were tested. Moreover, three types of extrados finishing were considered in the experiments: masonry with flush joints, PVC film, and steel angles attached to the bricks. The numerical simulations increased the number of cases analyzed by conducting a parametric analysis for four additional backfill materials with varying bulk density or internal friction angle, as well as modifying the friction coefficient at the backfill-vault interface for each of the analyzed materials. The main goal of the analyses was to investigate the impact of the bulk density, the internal friction angle of the backfill material, and the friction coefficient between the backfill and the vault on the load-bearing capacity of the buried vault. Both the laboratory tests and numerical simulations indicate a significant impact of the internal friction angle, bulk density of the backfill materials, and the finishing method of the extrados of the vault on the load-bearing capacity of buried vaults.
Effect of Diatomite Application on the Removal of Biogenic Pollutants in Rain Gardens
Authors: Grela Agnieszka , Łach Michał , Pamuła Justyna , Łach Karolina , Godyń Izabela , Malina Dagmara , Wzorek Zbigniew , Setlak Kinga , Grela Damian
Published: December 2024

Due to its structure and properties, diatomite from a deposit in Jawornik Ruski (Subcarpathian Voivodeship) can be used as a sorbent in rain gardens. The purpose of the current research is to analyze how enriching the substrate used in a rain garden with diatomite can affect the removal of biogenic pollutants. This study was carried out under laboratory conditions using retention columns, two experimental columns with different contents of diatomite, and a control column without the addition of diatomite. Analyses of the materials used included studies of the characteristics of the rain garden layers (water permeability and granulometric analysis) and characterization of the diatomite (SEM images, oxide and phase composition, leachability, and BET). The effects of diatomite on pollutant removal were studied for NH4+, PO43−, NO3−. The results showed approximately 3-fold higher reductions in the concentration of NH4+ and PO43− in the columns with the addition of diatomite than in the control one (reduction in the concentration of NH4+ by 93 and 94% and of PO43− by 94 and 98% with the addition of 20 and 30% diatomite contents, respectively). The study results confirmed the possibility of removing contaminants using diatomite, thus reducing their entry into the aquatic environment.
Unlocking Germanium Potential: Stabilization Strategies Through Wet Chemical Functionalization
Authors: Arrigoni Alessia , Squeo Benedetta Maria , Pasini Mariacecilia
Published: December 2024

Germanium (Ge) has long been recognized for its superior carrier mobility and narrower band gap compared to silicon, making it a promising candidate in microelectronics and optoelectronics. The recent demonstration of good biocompatibility, combined with the ability to selectively functionalize its surface, establishes the way for its use in biosensing and bioimaging. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the most recent advancements in the wet chemical functionalization of germanium surfaces. Wet chemical methods, including Grignard reactions, hydrogermylation, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formation, and arylation, are discussed in terms of their stability, surface coverage, and potential for preventing reoxidation, one of the main limits for Ge practical use. Special emphasis is placed on the characterization techniques that have advanced our understanding of these functionalized surfaces, which are crucial in the immobilization of molecules/biomolecules for different technological applications. This review emphasizes the dual functionality of surface passivation techniques, demonstrating that, in addition to stabilizing and protecting the active material, surface functionalization can impart new functional properties for germanium-based biosensors and semiconductor devices.
Synthesis and Complex Dielectric Properties of Ba0.4Sr0.6SnO3 Ceramics with Thorn-like Microstructure
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Xiaoyu , Huang Ziheng , Wang Depeng , Wang Weitian
Published: December 2024

In this study, we synthesized perovskite Ba0.4Sr0.6SnO3 ceramics with a unique thorn-like microstructure using the solid-state reaction method. The structural and complex dielectric properties were investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction was employed to characterize the phase purity, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyze the chemical state of the components. The frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric properties indicates that both the dielectric constant and loss are influenced by A-site ion doping as well as the presence of the thorn-like microstructure. The observed dielectric behavior can be explained by the interfacial polarization and dielectric relaxation processes, which arise from the existing Sn4+-Sn2+ pairs, oxygen vacancies, and defects with activation energies of 0.38 eV, 0.73 eV, and 0.54 eV, respectively. The resistances of grain boundaries, grains, and the thorn-like structure were revealed by the impedance spectra. These findings provide valuable insights into understanding structure–property relationships in perovskite stannate ceramics.
Effect of Doping Cement Mortar with Triclosan, Hypochlorous Acid, Silver Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide on Its Mechanical and Biological Properties
Authors: Paciejewski Mikołaj , Lange Agata , Jaworski Sławomir , Kutwin Marta , Bombalska Aneta , Siwiński Jarosław , Olkowicz Klaudia , Mierczyk Jadwiga , Narojczyk Kamila , Bogdanowicz Zdzisław , Nasiłowska Barbara
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the performance of cement mortar (Portland cement), it was enriched with triclosan, hypochlorous acid, silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide. Cement mortar is used, among other things, to fill the gaps between the tiles of building porcelain stoneware. A number of structural, mechanical and biological tests were carried out. The structural tests included microscopic analysis and contact angle, reflectance and IR spectra, while the mechanical tests involved static bending and compression testing. These tests showed that the additions of graphene oxide and hypochlorous acid were most beneficial. These additions, although not detected by spectral methods, resulted in a significant increase in contact angle and mechanical properties. Studies of the viability of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus showed that all the additives used resulted in a decrease in viability compared to the undoped cement mortar. There was also a beneficial decrease in the viability of fungi of the genus Fusarium on cement mortar mainly doped with silver nanoparticles.
Correction: Amanzhulov et al. Composition and Structure of NiCoFeCr and NiCoFeCrMn High-Entropy Alloys Irradiated by Helium Ions. Materials 2023, 16, 3695
Authors: Amanzhulov Bauyrzhan , Ivanov Igor , Uglov Vladimir , Zlotski Sergey , Ryskulov Azamat , Kurakhmedov Alisher , Koloberdin Mikhail , Zdorovets Maxim
Published: December 2024

In the original publication [...]
Influence of Structural Optimization on the Physical Properties of an Innovative FDM 3D Printed Thermal Barrier
Authors: Anwajler Beata , Iwko Jacek , Piwowar Anna , Wróblewski Roman , Szulc Piotr
Published: December 2024

This article describes an innovative thermal insulation barrier in the form of a sandwich panel manufactured using 3D FDM printing technology. The internal structure (core structure) of the barrier is based on the Kelvin foam model. This paper presents the influence of the parameters (the height h and the porosity P of a single core cell) of the barrier on its properties (thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, compressive strength, and quasi-static indentation strength). The dominant influence of the porosity of the structure on the determined physical properties of the fabricated samples was demonstrated. The best insulation results were obtained for single-layer composites with a cell height of 4 mm and a porosity of 90%, where the thermal conductivity coefficient was 0.038 W/(m·K) and the thermal resistance 0.537 (m2·K)/W. In contrast, the best compressive strength properties were obtained for the 50% porosity samples and amounted to about 350 MPa, while the moduli for the 90% porosity samples were 14 times lower and amounted to about 26 MPa. The porosity (P) of the composite structure also had a significant effect on the punch shear strength of the samples produced, and the values obtained for the 90% porosity samples did not exceed 1 MPa. In conclusion, the test showed that the resulting 3D cellular composites offer an innovative and environmentally friendly approach to thermal insulation.
Preparation and Performance Study of Novel Foam Vegetation Concrete
Authors: Zhang Teng , Li Tianbin , Xu Hua , Wang Mengyun , Lu Lingling
Published: December 2024

Vegetation concrete is one of the most widely used substrates in ecological slope protection, but its practical application often limits the growth and nutrient uptake of plant roots due to consolidation problems, which affects the effectiveness of slope protection. This paper proposed the use of a plant protein foaming agent as a porous modifier to create a porous, lightweight treatment for vegetation concrete. Physical performance tests, direct shear tests, plant growth tests, and scanning electron microscopy experiments were conducted to compare and analyze the physical, mechanical, microscopic characteristics, and phyto-capabilities of differently treated vegetation concrete. The results showed that the higher the foam content, the more significant the porous and lightweight properties of the vegetation concrete. When the foam volume was 50%, the porosity increased by 106.05% compared to the untreated sample, while the volume weight decreased by 20.53%. The shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle of vegetation concrete all showed a decreasing trend with increasing foaming agent content. Festuca arundinacea grew best under the 30% foaming agent treatment, with germinative energy, germinative percentage, plant height, root length, and underground biomass increasing by 6.31%, 13.22%, 8.57%, 18.71%, and 34.62%, respectively, compared to the untreated sample. The scanning electron microscope observation showed that the pore structure of vegetation concrete was optimized after foam incorporation. Adding plant protein foaming agents to modify the pore structure of vegetation concrete is appropriate, with an optimal foam volume ratio of 20–30%. This study provides new insights and references for slope ecological restoration engineering.
New Insight into Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity of Ag-Loaded and Oxygen Vacancy-Containing BiOBr(OV)/BiOI0.08 Microspheres
Authors: Hu Xiaobin , Zhao Mingxing , Zhang Rongfei
Published: December 2024

A series of Ag-loaded and oxygen vacancy (OV)-containing BiOBr(OV)/BiOI0.08 (Ag/BiOBr(OV)/BiOI0.08) photocatalysts with varying Ag loading levels were synthesized via the solvothermal–photocatalytic reduction method. As confirmed via optical, photoelectrochemical, and 4-chlorophenol photodegradation experiments, a low Ag loading level significantly enhanced the photogenerated charge carrier (PCC) transfer on the BiOBr(OV)/BiOI0.08 semiconductor surface and the performance of Ag/BiOBr(OV)/BiOI0.08 photocatalysts, which was attributable to the synergism between the effect of OVs and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Ag nanoparticles. Additionally, BiOBr(OV)/BiOI heterojunctions facilitated efficient visible-light harvesting and PCC separation. As indicated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the electric field intensity in the “hot spots” generated at the interface between the BiOBr(OV)/BiOI0.08 semiconductor and Ag nanoparticles increased by more than eight times, and the presence of OVs and Ag atomic clusters introduced impurity energy levels in the semiconductor bandgap, improving PCC separation and Ag/BiOBr(OV)/BiOI0.08 photocatalytic efficiency. However, an increase in silver loading renders the composite metallic, suggesting a reduction in its photocatalytic performance. This work provides new insights for designing highly active visible light catalysts and contributes to the development of more efficient plasmonic catalysts.
Evaluation of the Wear of Ni 200 Alloy After Long-Term Carbon Capture in Molten Salts Process
Authors: Palimąka Piotr , Pietrzyk Stanisław , Balcerzak Maciej , Żaba Krzysztof , Leszczyńska-Madej Beata , Jaskowska-Lemańska Justyna
Published: December 2024

Reducing CO2 emissions is one of the major challenges facing the modern world. The overall goal is to limit global warming and prevent catastrophic climate change. One of the many methods for reducing carbon dioxide emissions involves capturing, utilizing, and storing it at the source. The Carbon Capture in Molten Salts (CCMS) technique is considered potentially attractive and promising, although it has so far only been tested at the laboratory scale. This study evaluates the wear of the main structural components of a prototype for CO2 capture in molten salts—a device designed and tested in the laboratories of AGH University of Kraków. The evaluation focused on a gas barbotage lance and a reactor chamber (made from Nickel 200 Alloy), which were in continuous, long-term (800 h) contact with molten salts CaCl2-CaF2-CaO-CaCO3 at temperatures of 700–940 °C in an atmosphere of N2-CO2. The research used light microscopy, SEM, X-ray, computed tomography (CT), and 3D scanning. The results indicate the greatest wear on the part of the lance submerged in the molten salts (3.9 mm/year). The most likely wear mechanism involves grain growth and intergranular corrosion. Nickel reactions with the aggressive salt environment and its components cannot be ruled out. Additionally, the applied research methods enabled the identification of material discontinuities in the reactor chamber (mainly in welded areas), pitting on its surface, and uneven wear in different zones.
Analysis of the Properties of Anticorrosion Systems Used for Structural Component Protection in Truck Trailers
Authors: Skotnicki Wojciech , Jędrzejczyk Dariusz
Published: December 2024

The article compares the properties of coatings (cataphoretic, hot-dip zinc, and thermo-diffusion zinc) applied to steel components used in the automotive industry. The research focused on the analysis of corrosion resistance, hardness measurements, and tribological properties conducted on steel guides used in trailer and truck body structures as well as fasteners (M12 × 40 bolts). The base surfaces were cleaned chemically. Corrosion resistance was tested in a salt chamber, while coating thickness was measured using the magnetic induction method. Coating hardness (HV 0.02) was assessed with a microhardness tester, and tribological properties were tested under dry friction conditions. The results showed that the zinc coatings demonstrated corrosion resistance far superior to paint coatings.