bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a rapid direct DNA preparation procedure for the detection of Clostridium botulinum serotype B from honey
Authors: Tran Thi Minh Nguyet , Bui Thi Thanh Thao , Nguyen Jordan Duy , Tang Thi Nga , Pham Bao Yen ,   Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam,   School of Life Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, United States,   Anaerobe Unit, National Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: October 2022

Honey is at risk of contamination with Clostridium botulinum that causes botulism. Rapid detection of the pathogen in honey is important in food safety assurance and food poisoning surveillance. C. botulinum is capable of forming spores at low concentration; thus, regular detection methods must begin with an enrichment step before the main procedure. This additional step requires long time, complicated preparation, and might fail due to improper selective media. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a rapid detection procedure for C. botulinum serotype B directly from honey without enrichment culture by obtaining total DNA to use as template for the amplification of a fragment from botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) encoding gene. Using 6 honey samples provided by the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology with positive PCR results after enrichment, all three DNA extraction methods including Exgene extraction kit, freeze-thaw cycling and bead beating, showed amplification signals. Furthermore, when combined with the isothermal loop-mediated amplification, the total time could be shortened to less than two hours since collection. In addition, we observed PCR inhibition by the honey matrix and recommended dilution of the sample 5-10 times for the reaction. With the advantages of rapid and simple procedure, direct DNA extraction from honey could be used in field.  
La cultura visual televisiva y las representaciones infantiles. Fotoensayos de un estudio de caso sobre el dibujo en la escuela
Authors: Alonso-Sanz Amparo , Huerta Ricard
Published: October 2022

Frente a la multitud de estudios existentes sobre el desarrollo del dibujo infantil espontáneo, esta investigación ofrece una perspectiva actualizada que profundiza en los lugares de los que pueden proceder nuevos recursos expresivos y comunicativos empleados por los niños y niñas a partir de los 7 años en sus creaciones. El objetivo es visibilizar cómo la Cultura Visual puede actuar en los procesos de dibujo infantil generando nuevos recursos comunicativos y expresivos en el retrato. La metodología seguida es la Investigación Educativa Basada en las Artes Visuales. Los resultados son confrontaciones de citas visuales literales procedentes de la Cultura Visual televisiva con dibujos infantiles de retrato de maestras. Como conclusión, la importancia de una fase de reflexión, posterior al consumo de productos de la Cultura Visual, que garantice que los resultados obtenidos de su aprendizaje en la fase de ejecución sean originales y subjetivos, ricos en detalles y expresivos.
Machine Learning Approaches to Model Galvanic Corrosion of Coated Al Alloy Systems
Authors: Jokar Mahdi , Guo Xiaolei , Frankel G.S.
Published: October 2022

Previous studies have shown how galvanic coupling susceptibility between stainless steel 316 or titanium alloy fasteners and coated aluminum alloy 7075-T6 depends on the chosen coating system and environmental factors such as relative humidity (RH) and chloride concentration. In this study, several machine learning models were developed to predict, analyze, and quantify galvanic corrosion arising between relatively noble fasteners and coated aluminum alloy panels. Different independent factors including pretreatment, primer coating, topcoat, RH, chloride concentration, fastener material, fastener quantity, existence of a defect, type of environment, and time of wetness were evaluated for their effect on galvanic coupling lost volume. Artificial neural networks (ANN), random forest regression (RFR), and multiple linear regression (MLR) were used to develop damage functions for galvanic corrosion. ANN, RFR, and MLR models all showed a reasonable fit for lost volume as a function of different inputs.
O esporte e o Governo da Floresta: ordenamento legal das políticas esportivas no Acre entre 1999 e 2018
Authors: Elicker Eliane , Reis Nadson Santana , Magalhães Ywry Crystiano da Silva , Mascarenhas Fernando
Published: October 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo apreender, avaliar e problematizar a(s) concepção(ões) de esporte inscritas no ordenamento legal que balizou as políticas esportivas no “Governo da Floresta” (1999-2018). Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória de cunho qualitativo, realizada a partir do levantamento das leis instituídas no Governo da Floresta. A busca foi realizada na página eletrônica da Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Acre e no site Leis Estaduais, entre os dias 01 e 15 de fevereiro de 2022. Foram encontradas 43 leis, que em síntese, indicam a presença de uma concepção de esporte que, por vezes, está sintonizada como a noção de esporte como direito do cidadão, bem cultural e componente de políticas públicas sociais. Noutros momento, reforça uma concepção esportivista voltada ao resultado e ao rendimento, com programas focais, descontínuos e seletivos.
The relationship between defence mechanisms and clinical variables in myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Korkmaz Hasan , Karasu Mehdi , Ateşçelik Metin , Özsoy Filiz , Korkmaz Sevda
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Although patients with myocardial infarction (MI) history exhibit individual differences, several psychological problems can be observed in these patients. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between defence mechanisms and other clinical and sociodemographic data in the early period in patients with MI history.

Material and methods

Sixty patients diagnosed with MI and hospitalized in the cardiology department were included in the study. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Defence Styles Questionnaire (DSQ) were applied.

Results

It was determined that the mean BDI score of the participants was 15.9 ±11.2, and the mean BAI score was 15.98 ±10.9. There was a positive correlation between the depression and immature defence mechanism scores of the patients, and there was a negative correlation between the depression and mature defence mechanism scores of the patients (p = 0.001, r = 0.412; p = 0.005, r = –0.359). A negative correlation was determined between anxiety scores and mature defence mechanism scores (p = 0.002, r = –0. 397).

Conclusions

The findings demonstrated that depressive complaints of the post-MI patients increased as the immature defence mechanism score increased, and depressive complaints decreased as the maturity defence mechanism score increased. The correlation between the defence mechanisms adopted by MI patients and depression and anxiety symptoms should not be neglected.
The Role of Classical Tibetan (Chöke) on the Development of Kurtöp, a Language of Bhutan
Authors: Hyslop Gwendolyn
Published: October 2022

Kurtöp displays a special relationship with Classical Tibetan. Although Kurtöp
and its sister languages look surprisingly similar to other Tibetan languages,
linguists can show even with core data that Kurtöp cannot be a direct descendant
of Old Tibetan. The aim in this article is to use the comparative method
to reconstruct aspects of the language to Proto East Bodish – the parent
language to Kurtöp and other East Bodish languages –and then compare
the reconstructions with Written Tibetan as a way to infer influence from
Classical Tibetan on Kurtöp. I will show that the influence has been pervasive;
although Kurtöp is demonstrably East Bodish (and not Tibetic), lexicon,
grammar, and phonology have all been shaped by this liturgical language.
In other words, language change and language contact through time can
be examined through a lens of linguistic force, resulting in blurred borders.
The Influence of School Resources on Instruction of KiswahiliGrammar in Baringo Central Sub-County
Authors: Githinji Damaris Gakii , Lihanda Milton Kigaro
Published: October 2022

The study set out to investigate how school resources influence the instruction of Kiswahili grammarin Baringo Central Sub-County. Kiswahili is among the core subjects taught in secondary schools curriculum in Kenya. It is the official and national language in the Republic of Kenya. There, however,have been several challenges affecting the subject in schools. From the study, it was established that 66.7% of sampled schools lacked the necessary teaching and learning resources like library and classes

hence impeding academic achievement. The study will be useful in helping school authorities, the Ministry of Education, County authorities and other stakeholders to understand the role played byresource availability in facilitating the instruction of Kisw

a hili grammar in Baringo Central Sub-County.It recommends that the Ministry of Education, school authorities, County authorities and other stakeholders should provide enough facilities and resources for teaching and learning like libraries and

classrooms.
Dhima Katika Mawasiliano ya Ushairi wa Jando Katika Jamii ya Watachoni, Kaunti ya Bungoma
Authors: Iyaya Richard Makhakha , Wendo Prof. Nabea , Mayaka Dkt. Gwachi J.
Published: October 2022

Makala haya yalilenga kuchunguza dhima ya mawasiliano ya ushairi wa jando kwenye jamii ya Watachoni wa kaunti ya Bungoma. Utafiti uliendelezwa kwa muundo wa kimaelezo ya kiethnografia ulioangazia kanuni za mila, utamaduni na mahusiano ya kimawasiliano na athari zake kwa mitindo na lugha ya uwasilishaji ilikubainisha dhima yake. Nadharia ya Baada ya Umuundo ya Derrida (1966) ilitumika kuchanganua miundo nakuonyesha kuwa matini hubainisha ukinzani wa ujumbe anaouhusisha mwasilishaji katika kazi yake. Nadharia ya ubabe-dume ya Maclennes (1998) pia ilitumika kuchunguza namna mitindo ya uwasilishaji na lugha katika mawasiliano ya ushairi wa jando unavyoathiri asasi za kijamii.Utafiti huu ulihusisha kusanyaji wa deta moja kwa moja kutoka jamii ya Watachoni wakati wa shughuli za jando kwenye Kaunti ya Bungoma. Kundi lengwalilikuwa watahiriwa, wazazi, wanaume na wanawake Watachoni na viongozi wa shughuli za jando. Tulitumia sampuli kusudio na

sampuli nasibu tabakishi kubainisha ushairi na wasailiwa waliorejelewa kuyaainisha mawasiliano haya ya ushairi wa jando.

Ushairi 16 na watafitiwa 45 walirejelewa kuyachanganua mawasiliano haya katika awamu zote za shughuli za jando.

Deta iliyokusanywa ilirekodiwa,ikaandikwa na kutafsiriwa kutoka lugha ya Kitachoni hadi ya Kiswahili kisha ikachanganuliwa. Utafiti huu ulitumia mbinu za uchunguzaji nyanjani, mahojiano, mashauriano na wasimamizi na kuainisha habari zilizotokana na vyombo vya habari.Vifaa kama vile kamera za picha tuli na za kunasa sauti na video vilitumika kukusanyia deta na hatimaye

kuziwasilisha kwa njia za maelezo na majedwali.Deta iliwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo na kufafanuliwa kwa

kuzingatia malengo, nadharia na mipaka ya utafiti.
Namna Matumizi ya Mikakati ya Kutafsiri, Kama Uteuzi Na Mpangilio WA Maneno, Ilivyochangia katika Uandishi Upya WA BukuitNe Tilil
Authors: Singoei Jane Jepkoech , Kandagor Mosol , Mohamed Mwanakombo
Published: October 2022

Utafiti huu ulidhamiria Kupambanua namna matumizi ya mikakati ya kutafsiri, ilivyochangia katika uandishi upya wa

BukuitNe Tilil. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili, ambazo ni nadharia ya tafsiri vitendo ambayo ilitumika kubaini jinsi tofauti za kimazingira kati ya hadhira ya matini asilia na ya matini pokezi ilivyopelekea uandishi upya kufanyika wakati wa kutafsiri. Nadharia ya pili ni ya ulinganifu, ambapo matini asilia ililinganishwa na matini pokezi ili kubaini kama ujumbe ulihifadhiwa katika matini tafsiri. Aidha,tamaduni, matumizi ya msamiati na sarufi zililinganishwa kwa kuchunguza mikakati na mbinu zilizotumika kutafsiri matini asilia, na hivyo kubaini uandishi upya katika matini pokezi. Data zilikusanywa kupitia uchunguzi maktabani na vilevile kuwasaili washikadau katika Ofisi ya Utafsiri wa Bibilia ya Kapsabet na Shirika la Kutafsiri Biblia nchini, pamoja na wazungumza lugha ya Kikalenjin ambao walituelekeza juu ya matumizi ya baadhi yamaneno. Usampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa ili kupata data iliyotumika katika uchanganuzi. Kitabu cha Mithalikatika Agano la Kale kiliteuliwa kwa minajili ya utafiti huu.Utafiti huu ulibaini kuwa matumizi ya mikakati ya kutafsiri ilichangia uandishi upya wa kazi tafsiri. Uchunguzi huu ulipendekeza kuwa mashirika ya kufanya tafsiri yaimarishwe kwa kupewa uthamini ili kutafsiri makala nyingi Zaidi.
Sifa Za Kiuhalisiaajabu Katika Riwaya Nne Teule Za Watoto
Authors: Mwai Ruth Wangari , Gitonga Dr. Ntiba Onesmus
Published: October 2022

Utafiti huu unakusudia kutathmini sifa za kiuhalisiaajabu katika riwaya nne teule za watoto ambazo ni:Mama wa Kambo

(2005) ya Catherine Kisovi,Karamu Mbinguni(2002) ya Njiru Kimunyi,Mkasa wa Fumo Liyongo(2001) ya Bitugi Matundura na

Chura Mcheza Ngoma(2001) ya Rebecca. Mtafiti aliteua riwaya nne za watoto kwa kutumia sampuli makusudi. Riwaya hizi ni sehemu ya riwaya hamsini (50) zilizokusanywa zenye data mwafaka na ni baadhi ya miongoni mwa zile ambazo zilipendekezwa na kupitishwa na ile iliyokuwa Taasisi ya Elimu nchini Kenya (K.I.E.) kusomwa nawanafunzi katika darasa la nne hadi la nane na ziliweza kupatikana kwa urahisi kwa madhumuni ya utafiti. Utafiti huu ulifanyiwa maktabani. Mtafiti alitumia mbinu ya utafiti ya

uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo kama utaratibu wa utafiti wa maandishi. Mtafiti alikusanya data ya kimsingi maktabani. Baadhi ya mihimili yake ndiyo ilitumiwa katika uchanganuzi wa data iliyokusanywa. Pia mtafiti alitathmini vitabu husika na kudondoa data iliyohitajika. Jumla ya riwaya nne zilizoandikwa kwa ajili ya watoto zilitumiwa kupata data iliyotakikana katika uchanganuzi. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yaliwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo. Hatimaye, data iliyokusanywa ilichanganuliwa. Utafiti huu ulibaini kuwa Kuna matukio ya kiajabu yaliyotumiwa katika riwaya hizi nne za watoto. Aidha sifa za kihalisiaajabu zimebainika wazi katika riwaya hizi.Kwa mujibu wa makala haya ni bayana kwamba uhalisiaajabu umetumika katika riwaya hizi kwa madhumuni

ya kuendeleza masuala ibuka kwa hadhira ya watoto.
Itikadi na Uwezo wa Kijinsia katika Nyimbo za Taarab
Authors: Malenya Mary M. , Simwa Sheila Pamela Wandera , Ogola James O.
Published: October 2022

Makala haya yalilenga kuchunguza itikadi inavyomsawiri mwanamke huku ikimpokonya uwezo wa kutekeleza majukumu sawa na mwanamume. Itikadi ndio huwaongoza watu namna wanavyotumia lugha na hivyo kudhihirisha mahusiano ya mamlaka. Usemi huu unadhibitisha hoja zinazowaongoza watunzi wa fasihi hivi kwamba lugha wanayotumia ndio hubainisha nafasi anayopewa mwanajamii. Suala hili liliwezeshwa kwa kuwepo na malengo mawili. Moja, kuchunguza utunzi na maudhui tawala katika nyimbo

teule za taarab ili kubaini mafungamano ya masuala hayo na itikadi inayotawala. Pili, kuonyesha mahusiano ya uwezo kati ya mwanamke na mwanamume katika jamii kupitia nyimbo za taarab. Malengo haya yaliafikiwa kupitia uchanganuzi wa matumizi ya lugha katika nyimbo mbili teule za taarab ili kuonyesha usawiri wa mwanamke kwa kuzingatia itikadi na uwezo wa kijinsia. Nyimbo zilizochanganuliwa ni Daktari wa Mapenzi na VIP ambazo zimeimbwa na Mzee Yusuf akiwa na bendi ya Jahazi Modern Taarab nchini Tanzania.Vigezo vikuu vya uteuzi wa nyimbo hizi ni maudhui na lugha. Nadharia zilizotumika ni ufeministi wa

Kiafrika inayorejelea masuala ya jinsia ya kike pamoja na Uchanganuzi Hakiki Usemi (UHU) itakayochunguzamatumizi ya lugha. Data za makala haya zilikusanywa kwa kuchanganua nyimbo teule. Mtafiti alisikiza kanda ili kupata matini za kumfaa katika ukusanyaji data. Data iliyokusanywa ilifanyiwa unukuzi, kuainishwa,kupangwa, kuchanganuliwa na kufasiriwa kwa kuzingatia mihimili ya nadharia mbili zilizotumika katika utafiti huu. Data hiyo iliwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo.
Uchanganuzi wa Maudhui na Wahusika Kibibliotherapia katika Hadithi Fupi Teule za Kiswahili
Authors: Mavis Rose , Mayaka Dr. Gwachi , Nabea Prof. Wendo
Published: October 2022

Bibliotherapia ni mbinu muhimu inayoweza kutumiwa kama kipumuo kwa vijana kwa baadhi ya matatizo

yanayowakumba katika kipindi fulani cha maisha yao. Bibliotherapia humsaidia msomaji kupitia mtagusano

wake na maudhui na wahusika ambao wamepitia hali kama ya yule msomaji. Makala haya yalilenga

kuchanganua maudhui na uhusika ili kubaini sifa za kibibliotherapia katika diwani hizi za hadithi fupi;MayaiWaziri wa Maradhi na hadithi nyingine (2004),Damu Nyeusi na Hadithi Nyingine(2007),Kiti cha Moyoni na hadithi nyingine (2007)na Tumbo Lisiloshiba na Hadithi Nyingine (2016).Mbinu iliyotumiwa kukusanya data hii ni majadiliano katika makundi au kundi lengani. Utafiti huu ulipata matini yake kutoka kwa hadithi fupi teule zinazotumiwa au zinazoweza kutumiwa kama matini ya fasihi ya Kiswahili katika shule za upili. Utafiti huu ulichukua sampuli kutoka kwa shule 7 za Serikali katika eneo la utafiti. Eneo la utafiti ni kaunti ya Nairobi. Sampuli iliteuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu zifuatazo; kimakusudi, kinasibu na utabakishaji. Watafitiwa walikuwa walimu 28 pamoja na wanafunzi 112 wa Kidato cha Tatu wa fasihi ya Kiswahili ambao walizisoma hadithi fupi teule na kutathmini sifa za kibibliotherapia.Kazi hii iliongozwa na mihimili ya nadharia ya Mapatano ya Mwitikio wa Msomaji yake Rosenblatt(1995). Mijadala ya kundi lengani ilionyesha kwamba hadithi fupi zinazosomwa darasani ni za kuaminika na maudhui yanaeleweka vizuri .Ufaafu wa maudhui na wahusika kwa mahitaji ya wanafunzi ni muhimu ili faida za kibibliotherapia zipatikane.
Umuhimu wa mafumbo yanayotumika katika miktadha ya wosia wa babu kwa wavulana miongoni mwa Wabukusu wa Kenya.
Authors: John Swala Barasa Wangila  , Wandera-Simwa, Sheila  , Onyango James Ogola
Published: October 2022

IKISIRI

Utafiti huu ulihakiki umuhimu wa mafumbo yanayotumiwa katika miktadha ya wosia wa babu kwa wavulana miongoni mwa Wabukusu wa Kenya. Mafumbo ni kipera cha semi katika fasihi simulizi. Tafiti za awali zilijikita katika kipengele cha mafumbo zikishughulikia maudhui na fani ya lugha kwa jumla, lakini bado kuna haja ya kuhakiki umuhimu wa mafumbo yanayotumiwa katika wosia wa babu kwa wavulana katika jamii ya Wabukusu. Hii ndiyo sababu kuu iliyochochea utafiti huu kufanywa ili kulijaza pengo hili la kiusomi. Nadharia ya uamilifu ilitumiwa katika uwasilishaji na uchanganuzi wa data. Kata mbili za Kimilili na Kamukuywa ndizo zilizochaguliwa kuwakilisha kaunti ndogo ya Kimilili. Mbinu za mahojiano na uchunzaji wa kushiriki zilitumika katika ukusanyaji wa data. Utafiti huu ulitumia muundo wa kimaelezo katika kuchanganua na kuwasilisha data. Sampuli ya kimaksudi ilitumiwa kuchagua wazee wanne wa kati ya miaka sitini na sabini na wavulana wanne wa kati ya miaka kumi na nane hadi ishirini na mbili kutoka kila kata husika ili kushiriki katika utafiti. Ilibainika kuwa babu hutumia mafumbo kuficha siri, kushauri, kuonya, kuleta utangamano, kuhimiza ubunifu, kukuza lugha, kukuza maadili mema na kupunguza makali katika semi miongoni mwa wavulana. Utafiti huu utatumiwa kama marejeleo na wasomi wengine katika tafiti zinazohusu jamii ya Wabukusu.

 

ABSTRACT

This research analysed the importance of puzzles that are used by grandfathers to advise young men among the Bukusus of Kenya. Puzzles fall under short forms in oral literature. Previous Researchers focused on themes and styles in general but there is still room for research that focus on the importance of the puzzles in the context of the grandfather’s advisory session to the initiates amongst the Bukusus. This is the academic gap that the researcher intended to fill in. The research was purposively done in Kimilili and Kamukuywa locations of Kimilili Sub County in Bungoma County. Functionalism theory was used in data analysis and interpretation. Functionalism theory emphasizes on the importance of all aspects of literature in the society. This research employed participation and interview methods in data collection.  Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the research sample whereby four elders of between sixty and seventy years and four young men of between eighteen and twenty two years were selected from each of the two locations to participate in the study. Descriptive method was used in data analysis and presentation. It emerged that puzzles are used in keeping secrets, enhance unity, improve creativity, language development, developing good manners and reduce tension in speech. This research will be used as a reference point for oral literature studies amongst the Bukusu community.
Kuwezeshwa kwa uchumi kupitia lugha ya kiswahili
Authors: Sawe Angela Jepkemboi
Published: October 2022

Makala haya yanalenga kuangazia juhudi za nchi za Afrika mashariki na bara la Afrika kutumia Kiswahili kama nyenzo ya mawasiliono miongoni mwao ili kurahisisha mawasiliano na biashara kati ya wananchi wa mataifa haya. Makala haya yametumia data za kimsingi za tafiti za awali katika kufikia hitimisho lake. Lugha nyingine zinazozungumzwa Afrika masharika kando na lugha-mame za wazaliwa wa Afrika mashariki ni, Kiingereza, Kifaransa na Kijerumani. Lugha hizi zilizokuja na mkoloni pia zimepata nafasi kubwa katika jamii ya Afrika kwa ujumla. Siku za hivi karibuni kumeshuhudiwa ongezeko la matumizi ya lugha ya Kichina na mafunzo kutolewa kwa waafrika kwa lugha hii. Hata hivyo, lugha hizi zinaendelezwa kwa mtazamo na imani za waafrika wenyewe. Waafrika wengi wanaamini kuwa, maendeleo na kungeuka kunatokana na lugha hizi za kikoloni. Mitazamo hii ni tata na imelifanya bara la Afrika kuyumba kimaendeleo. Baadhi ya nchi za Afrika zinatumia lugha za kikoloni kama lugha zao rasmi. Hili linalazimisha yeyote anayezuru nchi hizi ajifunze lugha yao ili kuwepo mawasiliano. Hatua zinazochukulia na nchi za Afrika kutafuta lugha ya kutumika katika nchi zote Afrika ni juhudi za kupewa nguvu na kuungwa mkono na kila nchi ya Afrika. maendeleo hutegemea mawasiliano bora na ambayo hufanikishwa na lugha. Kiswahili kuwa lugha yenye asili ya Kiafrika na juhudi hizi za maenezi kutoka kwa nchi za kiafrika basi itakuwa kiunganishi bora cha nchi hizi.
Mikakati ya usemi inayodhihirisha uanaharakati wa kijamii katika muziki wa genge nchini Kenya
Authors: Florence Mwithi; Gwachi Mayaka Lucy W. Mugo;
Published: October 2022

Makala haya yanahakiki mikakati ya usemi inayotumika kudhihirisha maudhui ya uanaharakati wa kijamii katika Muziki wa Genge. Muziki wa Genge ni mojawapo wa aina ya muziki nchini Kenya ambao unapendwa sana na vijana. Muziki huu ni jambo lisiloweza kupuuzwa kwani ni sauti ya vijana. Mintaarafu ya hayo, makala haya yalihakiki matini ya Muziki wa Genge kama jukwaa la uanaharakati wa kijamii. Mikakati ya usemi ina uhusiano mkubwa na maudhui kwani humwezesha msanii kuwasilisha maudhui. Mtazamo wa Norman Fairclough katika nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Hakiki wa Usemi uliongoza utafiti huu. Muundo wa utafiti huu ni wa kiuthamano na kimaelezo na ulifanyika maktabani. Mtafiti alitumia sampuli kusudio kuteua nyimbo tano za Genge zifuatazo: Kuna Siku Youth Wataungana ulioimbwa na Wakadinali, Kwenda ulioimbwa na Khaligraph Jones, Khalicartel 3 ulioimbwa na Khaligraph Jones, Tujiangalie ulioimbwa na Sauti Sol na Wajinga Nyinyi uliimbwa na King Kaka. Ukusanyaji wa data ulihusisha kusikiliza na kutazama nyimbo hizo katika mtandao wa You tube. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanatarajiwa kutoa mwanga kuhusu maswala yanayowakumba vijana. Aidha matokeo haya yatakuwa malighafi katika taaluma za isimu na fasihi pamoja na uchanganuzi diskosi matini.
Muainisho wa matamko tendi katika riwaya za Ken Walibora
Authors: Juliet A. Jagero; Naomi N. Musembi Koko A. Monica;
Published: October 2022

Ikisiri
Makala hii inanuia kuchunguza matamko tendi yanayopatikana katika dayolojia baina ya wahusika katika riwaya za Walibora. Madhumuni mahsusi ni kuainisha MT yaliyotumiwa katika riwaya za Walibora. Makala iliongozwa na Nadharia ya Vitendo Usemi. Muundo wa kiuchanganuzi ulitumiwa huku taaluma ikiwa ni pragmatiki. Sampuli dhamirifu ilitumika kuteua riwaya nne za Walibora huku sampuli dabwadabwa ikitumika kuteua MT kutoka riwaya hizo. Mbinu ya unukuzi ilitumiwa kudondoa sehemu za matini na kuwekwa kwenye jedwali la matukio. Deta zilichanganuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu ya kimaelezo kulingana na madhumuni ya makala na kuwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo na majedwali. Makala yalionyesha MT mengi kuwa MTE yakiwa 121 kwa 285. Idadi kubwa ya MT yalikuwa ya kuamuru kumaanisha msemaji alitumia mamlaka aliyo nayo kushrutisha msemewa atende jambo kwa kuzingatia kanuni ya kiilokusheni. Mengine yakiwa ya kukaribisha. Uchanganuzi wa MT una umuhimu katika usomaji, uchanganuzi na ufasiriaji wa mazungumzo ya wahusika na maana anayonuia mwandishi wa riwaya.
 
Maneno muhimu: Muainisho, matamko tendi, riwaya.
 
Abstract
This article seeked to analyse the speech acts in utterances in the conversation of the characters in Walibora‘s novels. The specific objective of the article was to categorise performative acts as used in the novels. Speech Acts Theory guided the study. The article employed analytical research design, while the article area was pragmatics. Purposive sampling was used to select Walibora’s four novels while saturation sampling was employed to select the performative acts in the novels. Content analysis was done while selected performative acts were recorded in a table of occurrence. Data was analysed thematically depending on research objectives and presented using text and tables. The research found out that the most dominant category of performative acts were the directives with 121 out of 285. The usage of the performative acts were predominantly attempts to order the hearer to do something. That means the speaker employed their authority to order the hearer to do something according to illocutionary felicity. Another predominant type was the acts of welcoming. Performative acts analysis have importance on the readership, analysis, and interpretation of characters’ conversations and the implied meaning in novels.
 
Key terms:  categorisation, performative acts, characters, novels.
Matumizi ya Jazanda katika Tamthilia ya Kitumbua Kimeingia Mchanga ya Said A. Mohamed.
Authors: Kwambai Matthew
Published: October 2022

Makala haya yanalenga kuangazia matumizi ya jazanda pamoja na uamilifu wake katika tamthilia ya Kitumbua Kimeingia Mchanga ya Said A. Mohamed. Jazanda ni matumizi ya maneno ambayo yana fumbo huku yakitoa taswira ya aina Fulani. Said A. Mohamed ametumia jazanda kwa kazi zake kama Amezidi na Kitumbua Kimeingia Mchanga. Tamthilia ya Kitumbua Kimeingia Mchanga imetumia mbinu hii kwa njia ya kipekee. Nadharia iliyotumiwa katika kazi hii ni ya Umuundo ambao unasema kuwa kazi ya fasihi inakuwa na muundo ambao unahusisha fani ambazo zitaweza kutumika katika kuwasilisha ujumbe na hivyo maudhui huwa na uhusiano mkubwa sana na fani zitakazotumiwa kuyawasilisha. Utafiti ulifanywa maktabani kwa kuchambua Kitumbua Kimeingia Mchanga, vitabu tofauti na makala mitandaoni. Nakala hii ilipata matokeo kuwa kichwa cha kitabu hiki ni jazanda, pia, kulikuwa na jazanda ya bahari na yale yaliyokuwa yakifanyika kwenye bahari. Jazanda zote zilizotumika ziliweza kuendeleza maudhui kama vile: Mapenzi miongoni mwa vijana, Ndoa, Elimu, Mahusiano katika familia na jamii, Utamaduni na Dini. Uamilifu wa jazanda ni kudhihirisha jinsi mabadiliko yameathiri vijana na hivyo kwenda kinyume na utamaduni na wazee.
L. Podalsky (2004) Specular city: transforming culture, consumption, and space in Buenos Aires D. Kozak
Authors: Kozak Daniel
Published: October 2022

Review of the book [L. Podalsky (2004) Specular city: transforming culture, consumption, and space in Buenos Aires D. Kozak]
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KONSEP BILANGAN MELALUI PEMANFAATAN MEDIA GAMBAR
Authors: SERIADI NI NYOMAN
Published: October 2022

This classroom action research aims to determine the increase in cognitive abilities of kindergarten children in group B3 after developing the concept of numbers through the use of picture media in kindergarten children in group B3 Kindergarten in Kuncup Mekar Subagan Karangasem Regency. The type of this research is classroom action research, carried out in several cycles. The subjects of this study were 15 kindergarten children in the B3 group in the first . Research data on the development of the concept of numbers were collected using the assignment method with the instrument format sheet. The research data were analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. The results of data analysis showed that the learning outcomes of conitive abilities in the development of the concept of numbers and the use of image media in the first cycle of 47% which were in the low category turned out to have increased in the second cycle to 100% belonging to the category very high. So,there was an increase in the ability to develop the concept of numbers in children by 53%.
ABSTRAKPenelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan kognitif Anak setelah pengembangan konsep bilangan melalui pemanfaatan media gambar pada anak TK Kuncup Mekar Subagan Kabupaten Karangasem. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam beberapa siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah 15 orang anak TK pada kelompok B3 TK Kuncup Mekar Subagan Kabupaten Karangasem. Data penelitian tentang pengembangan konsep bilangan dikumpulkan dengan metoda pemberian tugas dengan instrumen berupa lembar format penugasan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar kemampuan kognitif dalam pengembangan konsep bilangan dan pemanfaatan media gambar pada siklus I sebesar 47 % yang berada pada katagori rendah ternyata mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II menjadi 100 % tergolong pada katagori sangat tinggi. Jadi, terjadi peningkatan kemampuan kognitif pengembangan konsep bilangan pada anak sebesar 53 %.
EFEKTIFITAS PENYELENGGARAAN PELATIHAN DASAR PENYULUH PERTANIAN AHLI DI BALAI PELATIHAN PERTANIAN LAMPUNG
Authors: SEPTIANA SEPTIANA
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of providing basic training for expert agricultural instructors at the Lampung Agricultural Training Center. The data collection technique was carried out by collecting secondary data with a sample of 30 agricultural instructors who took part in the Basic Expert Training for Agricultural Extension Officers at the Lampung Agricultural Training Center which lasted for 21 days. The research method used is survey method and quantitative descriptive with Kirkpatrict Evaluation Model. The results showed that at Level 1reactionsshowed that the training was very well and effectively carried out, both in terms of the process during the activity as well as in terms of the progress of the training results which had been able to improve mental development better than before. train. Furthermore, at Level 2 Learning , the level of development and mental improvement of participants is manifested in the types of knowledge (cognitive), attitude (affective), and skills (psychomotor) domains whose assessment process has been carried out partially with evaluation forms that have been prepared. prepared or simultaneously through direct observation during the implementation of the training.
ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui efektivitas penyelenggaraan pelatihan dasar penyuluh pertanian ahli di Balai Pelatihan Pertanian Lampung. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data-data sekunder dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang Penyuluh Pertanian yang ikut Pelatihan Dasar Ahli Bagi Penyuluh Pertanian di Balai Pelatihan Pertanian Lampung yang berlangsung selama 21 hari. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan Model Evaluasi Kirkpatrict. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada Level 1 Reaksi (reaction) peserta menunjukkan bahwa penyelenggaraan pelatihan sudah sangat baik dan efektif dilakukan, baik dalam hal proses selama kegiatan berjalan maupun dalam hal kemajuan hasil berlatih yang telah dapat meningkatkan perkembangan mental yang lebih baik bila dibandingkan pada saat sebelum berlatih. Selanjutnya pada Level 2 Pembelajaran (learning) dihasilkan tingkat perkembangan dan peningkatan mental peserta terwujud pada jenis-jenis ranah pengetahuan (kognitif), sikap (afektif), dan keterampilan (psikomotorik) yang proses penilaiannya telah dilakukan secara parsial dengan form-form evaluasi yang telah disiapkan maupun maupun secara simultan melalui observasi langsung selama penyelenggraan pelatihan berlangsung.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN DISIPLIN KEHADIRAN GURU MELALUI KETELADANAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DI MTsN 3 BUTON TENGAH
Authors: SAMIUDDIN SAMIUDDIN
Published: October 2022

This research is School Action Research which aims to determine the improvement of teacher discipline in teaching attendance in the classroom through the example of the Principal at MTs Negeri 3 Buton Tengah for the 2021/2022 academic year. The subjects of this study were 15 teachers of MTs Negeri 3 Buton Tengah. This research was conducted in the even semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. The results showed that the exemplary principal can improve teacher discipline in teaching attendance in class, where in the implementation of pre-cycle learning at the first meeting all teachers were present on time, because it was the first day of school for the 2012/2022 school year. The implementation of learning in the first cycle there were 12 teachers who were late to teach in class, and after the implementation of learning in the second cycle the teacher's discipline in teaching attendance in class reached 80% based on the responses of respondents (teachers) regarding the example of the Principal, while based on the results of observations 77% Teachers who are still less than 5 minutes late, because the location of the school is far and difficult to reach.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (School Action Research) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan disiplin guru dalam kehadiran mengajar di kelas melalui keteladanan Kepala Sekolah di MTs Negeri 3 Buton Tengah tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru MTs Negeri 3 Buton Tengah sebanyak 15 orang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Keteladanan Kepala Sekolah dapat meningkatkan Kedisiplinan guru dalam kehadiran mengajar di kelas, dimana pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran pra-siklus pada pertemuan pertama semua Guru hadir tepat waktu, karena merupakan hari pertama sekolah untuk tahun pelajaran 2012/2022. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada siklus I ada 12 orang Guru yang terlambat masuk mengajar di kelas, dan setelah pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada siklus II kedisiplinan guru dalam kehadiran mengajar di kelas mencapai 80% berdasarkan tanggapan responden (guru) mengenai keteladanan Kepala Sekolah, sedangkan berdasarkan hasil observasi 77 % Guru yang masih terlambat kurang dari 5 menit, karena lokasi sekolah yang jauh dan sulit terjangkau.
GAGASAN KONSEPTUAL SUPERVISOR PENDIDIKAN TENTANG PEMBELAJARAN INOVATIF MODEL LINGKUNGAN SEKITAR SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR
Authors: RAHAYU SRI
Published: October 2022

One of the learning strategies in accordance with the Pakem approach that allows students to develop creativity, motivation and participation in learning is to use the school environment as a learning resource. Based on initial observations at SDN 2 Kedungjati, Kedungjati District, Grobogan Regency for the 2019/2020 Academic Year, all classroom teachers and field of study teachers rarely and never even use the school environment as a learning resource, this is due to the lack of understanding and ability of teachers to utilize the school environment as a learning resource. learning resources. So far, teachers have mostly used textbooks and teaching aids owned by schools as learning resources to complement classroom learning activities. To overcome this, it is necessary to have group discussions among classroom teachers in the form of KKG (in house training) to discuss the problem of using the school environment as a learning resource. In these discussion activities, teachers can share experiences in utilizing the school environment as a learning resource to achieve optimal learning outcomes. From the results of the school action research carried out, it can be seen that to improve the ability of teachers to utilize the school environment as a learning resource through a teacher working group (KKG) discussion approach at SDN 2 Kedungjati, Kedungjati District, Grobogan Regency for the 2019/2020 Academic Year. This is evidenced by an increase in student learning outcomes.
ABSTRAKSalah satu setrategi pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan pendekatan Pakem yang memungkinkan bisa mengembangkan kreativiats, motivasi dan partisipasi siswa dalam pembelajaran adalah dengan memanfaatkan lingkungan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar. Berdasarkan pengamatan awal di SDN 2 Kedungjati Kecamatan Kedungjati Kabupaten Grobogan Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020, semua guru kelas dan guru bidang studi jarang dan bahkan tidak pernah memanfaatkan lingkungan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar, hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman dan kemampuan guru untuk memanfaatkan lingkungan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar.Selama ini guru lebih banyak menggunakan buku paket dan alat peraga yang dimiliki sekolah sebagai sumber belajar untuk melengkapi kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas. Untuk mengatasi hal itu perlu adanya diskusi kelompok diantara para guru kelas dalam bentuk KKG ( in house training) untuk mendiskusikan masalah pemanfaatan lingkungan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar. Dalam kegiatan diskusi tersebut para guru bisa membagi pengalaman dalam pemanfaatan lingkungan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar untuk mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal. Dari hasil penelitian Tindakan sekolah yang dilakukan dapat diperoleh hasil bahwa Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam memanfaatkan lingkungan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar melalui pendekatan diskusi kelompok kerja guru (KKG) di SDN 2 Kedungjati Kecamatan Kedungjati Kabupaten Grobogan Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 dapat terwujud. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH DALAM MENERAPKAN PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN SCIENTIFIC MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DI MADRASAH BINAAN KABUPATEN ACEH SELATAN
Authors: SALIM AGUS
Published: October 2022

This study aims to increase the quality of educators or teachers in implementing integrated thematic learning with a scientific approach and using academic supervision. This research is a supervisory action research involving 10 teachers of madrasas in South Aceh. The instruments used in this study were observations to measure the teacher's ability to apply a scientific approach to integrated thematic learning and observation of the teacher's active participation in coaching activities. Preliminary data show that the average score of the teacher's ability to apply the scientific approach to integrated thematic learning is 63.75. The average score in the first cycle was 78.88 and all teachers were actively involved in coaching activities. The score obtained in the second cycle increased significantly, namely 86.31 and the level of activeness of participants in the training was also quite stable. Based on the final results of the study, it can be concluded that the development of academic supervision is able to improve the ability of teachers to apply thematic learning with a scientific approach.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendongkrak kualitas tenaga pendidik atau guru dalam menerapkan pembelajaran tematik terpadu dengan pendekatan scientific serta menggunakan pembinaan supervisi akademik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kepengawasan yang melibatkan 10 orang guru madrasah binaan di Aceh Selatan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa observasi guna mengukur kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan pendekatan scientific pada pembelajaran tematik terpadu dan observasi terhadap keaktifan guru mengikuti kegiatan pembinaan. Data awal menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata kemampuan guru menerapkan pendekatan scientific pada pembelajaran tematik terpadu 63,75. Skor rata-rata pada siklus I adalah 78,88 dan semua guru terlibat aktif pada kegiatan pembinaan. Skor yang diperoleh pada siklus II naik secara signifikan yaitu 86,31 dan tingkat keaktifan peserta mengikuti pelatihan juga cukup stabil. Berdasarkan hasil akhir penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembinaan supervisi akademik mampu meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan pembelajaran tematik dengan pendekatan scientific.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PENERAPAN METODE GROUP INVESTIGATION PADA MATERI ARCHAEBACTERIA DAN EUBACTERIA DI KELAS X MAN 2 MODEL MEDAN
Authors: MINARTI SRI
Published: October 2022

This study aims to improve students' activities and learning outcomes through the application of the group investigation method on Archaebacteria and Eubacteria material in class X MAN 2 Model Medan. This type of research is in accordance with the rules of Classroom Action Research with the design of group investigation learning methods. The subjects used in this study were students of class X-14 MAN 2 Model Medan for the 2015/2016 academic year, amounting to 42 people. Student learning outcomes in learning biology with the group investigation cooperative learning method increased in the average value of the first cycle of 65.71 with a classical completeness percentage of 42.86% to 76.43 with a classical completeness percentage of 76.19% in the second cycle. So, there was an increase in the learning outcomes of biology students by 19.05%. Student activity when following the learning process using the group investigation cooperative learning method has increased, as seen from the percentage of observation results, namely 68.69% in the first cycle and 81.53% in the second cycle. So, there was an increase in student activity by 12.84%.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan metode group investigation pada materi Archaebacteria dan Eubacteria di kelas X MAN 2 Model Medan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research) dengan desain metode pembelajaran group investigation. Subyek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X-14 MAN 2 Model Medan Tahun Pembelajaran 2015/2016 yang berjumlah sebanyak 42 orang. Hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran biologi dengan metode pembelajaran kooperatif group investigation terjadi peningkatan pada nilai rata-rata dari siklus I sebesar 65,71 dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal 42,86% menjadi 76,43 dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal 76,19% di siklus II. Jadi, terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa biologi sebesar 19,05%. Aktivitas siswa pada saat mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif group investigation mengalami peningkatan, terlihat dari persentase hasil kegiatan observasi yaitu siklus I 68,69% dan pada siklus II 81,53%. Jadi, terjadi peningkatan ativitas siswa sebesar 12,84%.
The impact of improved spatial and temporal resolution of reanalysis data on Lagrangian studies of the tropical tropopause layer
Authors: Bourguet Stephen , Linz Marianna
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Lagrangian trajectories are frequently used to trace air parcels from the troposphere to the stratosphere through the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), and the coldest temperatures of these trajectories have been used to reconstruct water vapor variability in the lower stratosphere, where water vapor's radiative impact on Earth's surface is strongest. As such, the ability of these trajectories to accurately capture temperatures encountered by parcels in the TTL is crucial to water vapor reconstructions and calculations of water vapor's radiative forcing. A potential source of error for trajectory calculations is the resolution of the input data. Here, we explore how improving the spatial and temporal resolution of model input data impacts the temperatures measured by Lagrangian trajectories that cross the TTL during boreal winter using ERA5 reanalysis data. We do so by comparing the temperature distribution of trajectories computed with data downsampled in either space or time to those computed with ERA5's maximum resolution. We find that improvements in temporal resolution from 6 to 3 and 1 h lower the cold point temperature distribution, with the mean cold point temperature decreasing from 185.9 to 185.0 and 184.5 K for reverse trajectories initialized at the end of February for each year from 2010 to 2019, while improvements to vertical resolution from that of MERRA2 data (the GEOS5 model grid) to full ERA5 resolution also lower the distribution but are of secondary importance, and improvements in horizontal resolution from 1∘ × 1∘ to 0.5∘ × 0.5∘ or 0.25∘ × 0.25∘ have negligible impacts to trajectory cold points. We suggest that this is caused by excess vertical dispersion near the tropopause when temporal resolution is degraded, which allows trajectories to cross the TTL without passing through the coldest regions, and by undersampling of the four-dimensional temperature field when either temporal or vertical resolution is reduced.
History of anthropogenic Nitrogen inputs (HaNi) to the terrestrial biosphere: a 5 arcmin resolution annual dataset from 1860 to 2019
Authors: Tian Hanqin , Bian Zihao , Shi Hao , Qin Xiaoyu , Pan Naiqing , Lu Chaoqun , Pan Shufen , Tubiello Francesco N. , Chang Jinfeng , Conchedda Giulia , Liu Junguo , Mueller Nathaniel , Nishina Kazuya , Xu Rongting , Yang Jia , You Liangzhi , Zhang Bowen
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Excessive anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs to the biosphere have disrupted
the global nitrogen cycle. To better quantify the spatial and temporal
patterns of anthropogenic N inputs, assess their impacts on the
biogeochemical cycles of the planet and the living organisms, and improve
nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for sustainable development, we have developed
a comprehensive and synthetic dataset for reconstructing the History of
anthropogenic Nitrogen inputs (HaNi) to the terrestrial biosphere. The HaNi dataset
takes advantage of different data sources in a spatiotemporally consistent
way to generate a set of high-resolution gridded N input products from the
preindustrial period to the present (1860–2019). The HaNi dataset includes annual rates
of synthetic N fertilizer, manure application/deposition, and atmospheric N
deposition on cropland, pasture, and rangeland at a spatial resolution of
5 arcmin × 5 arcmin. Specifically, the N inputs are categorized, according to the N
forms and land uses, into 10 types: (1) NH4+-N fertilizer applied to cropland,
(2) NO3--N fertilizer applied to cropland, (3) NH4+-N fertilizer applied to pasture,
(4) NO3--N fertilizer applied to pasture, (5) manure N application on
cropland, (6) manure N application on pasture, (7) manure N deposition on
pasture, (8) manure N deposition on rangeland, (9) NHx-N deposition, and
(10) NOy-N deposition. The total anthropogenic N (TN) inputs to global
terrestrial ecosystems increased from 29.05 Tg N yr−1 in the 1860s to
267.23 Tg N yr−1 in the 2010s, with the dominant N source changing from
atmospheric N deposition (before the 1900s) to manure N (in the 1910s–2000s)
and then to synthetic fertilizer in the 2010s. The proportion of synthetic
NH4+-N in fertilizer input increased from 64 %
in the 1960s to 90 % in the 2010s, while synthetic NO3--N fertilizer
decreased from 36 % in the 1960s to 10 % in the 2010s. Hotspots of TN
inputs shifted from Europe and North America to East and South Asia during
the 1960s–2010s. Such spatial and temporal dynamics captured by the HaNi
dataset are expected to facilitate a comprehensive assessment of the coupled
human–Earth system and address a variety of social welfare issues, such as the
climate–biosphere feedback, air pollution, water quality, and biodiversity. The
data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942069
(Tian et al., 2022).