bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of MHCII‐expressing classical monocytes increases during aging in mice and humans
Authors: Barman Pijus K. , Shin Juliana E. , Lewis Sloan A. , Kang Seokjo , Wu Di , Wang Yizhou , Yang Xiaoming , Nagarkatti Prakash S. , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Messaoudi Ilhem , Benayoun Bérénice A. , Goodridge Helen S.
Published: August 2022

Aging is associated with increased monocyte production and altered monocyte function. Classical monocytes are heterogenous and a shift in their subset composition may underlie some of their apparent functional changes during aging. We have previously shown that mouse granulocyte‐monocyte progenitors (GMPs) produce “neutrophil‐like” monocytes (NeuMo), whereas monocyte‐dendritic cell progenitors (MDPs) produce monocyte‐derived dendritic cell (moDC)‐producing monocytes (DCMo). Here, we demonstrate that classical monocytes from the bone marrow of old male and female mice have higher expression of DCMo signature genes (H2‐Aa, H2‐Ab1, H2‐Eb1, Cd74), and that more classical monocytes express MHCII and CD74 protein. Moreover, we show that bone marrow MDPs and classical monocytes from old mice yield more moDC. We also demonstrate higher expression of Aw112010 in old monocytes and that Aw112010 lncRNA activity regulates MHCII induction in macrophages, which suggests that elevated Aw112010 levels may underlie increased MHCII expression during monocyte aging. Finally, we show that classical monocyte expression of MHCII is also elevated during healthy aging in humans. Thus, aging‐associated changes in monocyte production may underlie altered monocyte function and have implications for aging‐associated disorders.
Multimodal archives of transborder belonging: Murals, social media, and racialized geographies in Los Angeles
Authors: Magaña Maurice Rafael
Published: August 2022

Indigenous migrants from Latin America make up an increasing portion of the Latinx population in the United States, including in urban settings. Despite the significant ways that anti‐Indigenous racism impacts them, their narratives, experiences, and identities are often erased or collapsed into those of their non‐Indigenous compatriots in mainstream accounts of migration and of Latinx identity and belonging in the United States. This article analyzes murals by Indigenous artists from the Mexican state of Oaxaca that were painted in Los Angeles neighborhoods where members of the diaspora live as one way that these communities are making themselves visible. By framing murals and their circulation on social media as multimodal archives, I argue that young people engage in the ethnographic‐archival work of telling the stories and revealing the racialized geographies made imperceptible through city planning, mainstream media, and official archives. Ethnographic attention to the material, visual, and online archival practices of diasporic young people reveals dynamics of transnational community formation, flows of labor, place‐making, and identity‐making that are obscured when we privilege macro‐level analyses of migration, infrastructure, and markets.
Compatibility and stability of an admixture of multiple anaesthetic drugs for opioid‐free anaesthesia
Authors: Carpenter A. M. , Rodseth R. N. , Coetzee E. , Roodt F. , Bye S.
Published: August 2022

The ability to combine and use drugs in a single infusion device may be useful in resource‐limited settings. This study examined the chemical stability of an opioid‐sparing mixture of ketamine, lidocaine and magnesium sulphate when combined in a single syringe. High‐performance liquid chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry were performed on six syringes containing the three‐drug mixture. Since most opioid‐sparing techniques typically rely on a 24‐hour infusion regime, we tested stability at the initial admixing and 24 hours later. Stability was defined as a measured drug concentration within 10% of expected, with the absence of precipitation or pH alterations. Pharmacokinetic simulations were conducted to further show that the achieved plasma drug concentrations were well within an effective analgesic range. All mixed drug concentration measurements were within the required 10% reference limit. No obvious precipitation or interaction occurred, and pH remained stable. Drug stability was maintained for 24 hours. Pharmacokinetic simulations showed that ketamine and lidocaine were within their minimum analgesic effect concentrations. Our results show that this three‐drug mixture is chemically stable for up to 24 hours after mixing, with a pharmacokinetic simulation illustrating safe, clinically useful predicted plasma concentrations when using the described admixture.
Infection calls for thrombosis: Fact or superstition?
Authors: Pektok Erman
Published: August 2022

Despite all the efforts, pump thrombosis and thromboembolic complications still remain among the most dreadful complications after long‐term ventricular assist device implantation. There is growing evidence that infections, especially blood stream infections predispose to a prothrombotic state despite anticoagulation, and frequently leads to thrombosis and/or embolic events as a consequence. In this short comment, the article by Bouzas et al with heterodox, if not unsettling, conclusions is discussed.
Understanding psoriasis: the development of the immune pathogenesis
Authors: Papadopoullos Molly , Yesudian Paul Devakar
Published: August 2022

Click here for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
Biokinetics and dosimetry of 18F‐PSMA‐1007 in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Hvittfeldt Erland , Bjöersdorff Mimmi , Brolin Gustav , Minarik David , Svegborn Sigrid L. , Oddstig Jenny , Trägårdh Elin
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) using prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands is a method for imaging prostate cancer. A recent tracer, 18F‐PSMA‐1007, offers advantages concerning production and biokinetics compared to the standard tracer (68Ga‐PSMA‐11). Until now, radiation dosimetry data for this ligand was limited to the material of three healthy volunteers. The purpose of this study is to study the biokinetics and dosimetry of 18F‐PSMA‐1007.

Methods

Twelve patients with prostate cancer were injected with 4 MBq/kg 18F‐PSMA‐1007. Eight PET‐CT scans with concomitant blood sampling were performed up to 330 min after injection. Urine was collected until the following morning. Volumes of interest for radiation‐sensitive organs and organs with high uptake of 18F‐PSMA‐1007 were drawn in the PET images. A biokinetic compartment model was developed using activity data from PET images and blood and urine samples. Time‐activity curves and time‐integrated activity coefficients for all delineated organs were calculated. The software IDAC‐dose 2.1 was used to calculate the absorbed and effective doses.

Results

High concentrations of activity were noted in the liver, kidneys, parts of the small intestine, spleen, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands. The elimination through urine was 8% of injected activity in 20 h. The highest absorbed doses coefficients were in the lacrimal glands, kidneys, salivary glands, liver, and spleen (98–66 µGy/MBq). The effective dose coefficient was 25 µSv/MBq.

Conclusion

The effective dose of 18F‐PSMA‐1007 is 6.0–8.0 mSv for a typical patient weighing 80 kg injected with 3–4 MBq/kg.
Using Human‐Centered Design to Reimagine Emergency Water Responses
Authors: Anderson Eric
Published: August 2022

Although water is indispensable, providing it to everyone for everyday living is an issue that requires ongoing, large‐scale dedication at all levels of government to achieve and maintain.

Students use a human‐centered design approach—along with all‐electric vehicles—to develop better ways of delivering water to residents during a water crisis.
Variation in contact chemical cues may mediate differential predator response in the colour polymorphic tortoise beetle,Chelymorpha alternans
Authors: Strickland Lynette R. , Windsor Donald , Cáceres Carla E.
Published: August 2022

Differential predation on species with intraspecific colour variation has been explored in various systems and is often implicated as the driving force behind colour polymorphism maintenance.

Here, investigation done on whether predation contributes to the maintenance of extensive colour variation in the Neotropical tortoise beetle,Chelymorpha alternans(Chrysomelidae). Recorded predation rates on different colour pattern phenotypes by three common, generalist invertebrate predators, and identified potential chemical signals of unpalatability.

Predaceious mantids (Orthoptera, Mantidae) consumed no beetles, regardless of phenotype, whereas the giant orb‐weaving spider (Trichonephila clavipes; Araneidae) consumed all three beetle phenotypes. The carton‐nest ant,Azteca chartifex(Formicidae), displayed differential predation; the rufipennis phenotype ofC. alternanswas sometimes consumed, the metallic phenotype was never consumed, and the veraguensis phenotype was consumed in the first three encounters and subsequently discarded, suggesting a learned avoidance behaviour.

Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, it was determined that cuticular hydrocarbon profiles were similar between the metallic and militaris‐a phenotypes. The rufipennis phenotype showed pronounced differences and displayed the greatest among‐individual variation in elytral cuticular profiles.

Between‐phenotype variation in chemical cues, and differences in how predators receive those cues, may mediate predator response, and play a role in maintaining colour variation in this species.
Diagnostic accuracy of nerve ultrasonography for the detection of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dhanapalaratnam Roshan , Issar Tushar , Poynten Ann M. , Milner Kerry‐Lee , Kwai Natalie C. G. , Krishnan Arun V.
Published: August 2022

Background and purpose

Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are the current objective measure for diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes but do not assess nerve structure. This study investigated the utility of peripheral nerve ultrasound as a marker of the presence and severity of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A total of 156 patients were recruited, and nerve ultrasound was undertaken on distal tibial and distal median nerves. Neuropathy severity was graded using the modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Scale (mTCNS) and Total Neuropathy Score (TNS). Studies were undertaken by a single ultrasonographer blinded to nerve conduction results.

Results

A stepwise increase in tibial nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) was noted with increasing TNS grade (p < 0.001) and each mTCNS quartile (p < 0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated a correlation between tibial nerve CSA and neuropathy severity (p < 0.001). Using receiver operator curve analysis, tibial nerve CSA of >12.88 mm yielded a sensitivity of 70.5% and specificity of 85.7% for neuropathy detection. Binary logistic regression revealed that tibial nerve CSA was a predictor of abnormal sural sensory nerve action potential amplitude (odds ratio = 1.239, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.142–1.345) and abnormal neuropathy score (odds ratio = 1.537, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.286–1.838).

Conclusions

Tibial nerve ultrasound has good specificity and sensitivity for neuropathy diagnosis in type 2 diabetes. The study demonstrates that tibial nerve CSA correlates with neuropathy severity. Future serial studies using both ultrasound and NCS may be useful in determining whether changes in ultrasound occur prior to development of nerve conduction abnormalities and neuropathic symptoms.
The development and utility of a multicriteria patient decision aid for people contemplating treatment for osteoarthritis
Authors: Moreton Sam G. , Salkeld Glenn , Wortley Sally , Jeon Yun‐Hee , Urban Hema , Hunter David J.
Published: August 2022

Background

There are a range of treatment options for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip, each with a unique profile of risks and benefits. Patient decision aids can help incorporate patient preferences in treatment decision‐making. The aim of this study was to develop and test the utility of a patient decision aid for OA that was developed using a multicriteria decision analytic framework.

Methods

People contemplating treatment for OA who had accessed the website myjointpain.org.au were invited to participate in the study by using the online patient decision aid. Two forms of the patient decision aid were created: A shorter form and a longer form, which allowed greater customization that was offered to respondents after they had completed the shorter form. Respondents also completed questions asking about their experience using the patient decision aid.

Results

A total of 625 self‐selected respondents completed the short‐form and 180 completed the long‐form. Across both forms, serious side effects, pain and function were rated as the most important treatment outcomes. Most respondents (64%) who completed the longer form reported that using the tool was a positive experience, 38% reported that using the tool had changed their mind and 48% said that using the tool would improve the quality of their decision‐making.

Conclusions

Overall, the findings suggest that this patient decision aid may be of use to a substantial number of people in facilitating appropriate treatment decision‐making.

Patient or Public Contribution

Service users of myjointpain.org.au were involved through their participation in the study, and their feedback will guide the development of future iterations of the tool.
Phase transformation of FeCr2O4 to (Fe,Cr)2O3 solid solution pigment powders: Effect of post‐heating temperature
Authors: Paborji Fatemeh , Shafiee Afarani Mahdi , Arabi Amir Masoud , Ghahari Mehdi
Published: August 2022

Iron chromite powders were synthesized via solution combustion route using iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate and chromium(III) nitrate nonahydrate as starting materials, as well as glycine–urea, glycine–citric acid, and glycine–ethylene glycol mixtures as fuels. The effect of postheating at different temperatures on the structure, molecular, microstructure, and chromatic properties of powders and tiles colored by in‐glaze powders was studied. The X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that as‐synthesized powders were obtained in crystalline FeCr2O4 phases moreover, postheating of the powders led to d‐space shift and oxidation and formation of (Fe,Cr)2O3 solid solution phase regardless of fuel type. Phase transformation of FeCr2O4 to (Fe,Cr)2O3 solid solution was observed at 500/750°C depending on the dominant phase of as‐synthesized particles. Fourier transform infrared analysis illustrated that the band positions of octahedral M–O and tetrahedral M–O bonds were shifted due to Fe cations movement from their position and lattice shrinkage by increasing of post‐heating temperature. Moreover, scanning electron micrographs showed that Fe0.7Cr1.3O3 semispherical fine particles were formed from porous spongy FeCr2O4 particles due to oxidation and phase transformation during the postheating. Furthermore, chromatic properties of the samples were represented. The color properties of the pigments showed that the formation of brown pigments is provided with the phase transformation from FeCr2O4 to (Fe,Cr)2O3 at a temperature of up to 750°C. Moreover, increasing the color purity to this temperature is related to the removal of residual carbonaceous matters. The chromatic properties of the glazed tiles colored using the pigments showed that postheating between 250 and 500°C led to more brown appearance.
Phase stability, mechanical, and thermal properties of high‐entropy transition and rare‐earth metal diborides from first‐principles calculations
Authors: Zhang Ze , Zhua Shizhen , Liu Yanbo , Liu Ling , Ma Zhuang
Published: August 2022

The narrow composition design space of high‐entropy transition metal diborides (HE TMB2) limits their further development. In this study we designed six quaternary and quinary high‐entropy transition metal and rare‐earth diborides (HE TMREB2) and investigated their phase stability using the energy distribution of the local mixing enthalpy of all possible configurations. The results show that both quaternary and quinary HE TMREB2 have higher enthalpic driving forces, which facilitates the formation of single‐phase AlB2‐type structures between TMB2 and REB2. Calculations of elastic constants show that the TMB2 component has the greatest effect on the c44 elastic constant and shear modulus G, while REB2 significantly influences the bulk modulus B. Furthermore, LuB2 and TmB2 substantially affect the elastic modulus anisotropy of HE TMB2. Rare‐earth atoms in HE TMREB2 can enhance the nonharmonic interactions between phonons, which results in a significant hindrance in the thermal transport of low‐frequency phonons as well as an increase in the volume thermal expansion coefficients. Thus, the incorporation of REB2 into HE TMB2 has a significant impact on the phase stability and properties.
Fractional microneedle radiofrequency treatment for enlarged facial pores: A real‐world retrospective observational study on 75 patients
Authors: Ren Kehui , Liu Houfang , Li Bingyan , Zhou Bingrong
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the clinical results and influencing factors of the fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) treatment for enlarged facial pores on different facial sites.

Methods

The clinical data of patients with enlarged facial pores who underwent FMR treatment from January 2019 to December 2020 were collected. The efficacy and complications of FMR for enlarged pores in different facial areas were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the clinical factors related to the efficacy of FMR after the first treatment session.

Results

Totally, 75 patients with enlarged facial pores were included (full‐face FMR for 45, nasal FMR for 58, frontal FMR for 45, and cheek FMR for 72 patients). All patients received more than one treatment session, two patients received five treatment sessions, and the mean number of FMR session was 1.7. The moderate to excellent improvement rates in patients with nasal, frontal and cheek enlarged pores after the first session were 13.8%, 8.9%, and 11.1%, respectively. The improvement rate rose with the increasing number of treatment sessions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that long pulse‐width (300 ms) was positively associated with clinical efficacy after the first session (OR = 22.4, 95% CI [2.0–250.4], p = 0.012), compared with the short pulse‐width group (100–200 ms). The main adverse effects after FMR were transient pain, erythema, and edema. A minority of patients developed acneiform eruption.

Conclusion

This study confirms that FMR is safe and effective in improving enlarged facial pores. The pulse width is associated with the improvement of nasal enlarged pores.
Morphological and molecular data support the separate species status of Syringa fauriei in Korea
Authors: Kim Da Yeon , Jeon Jeong Ill , Yi Jae Sun , Shin Hee Sun , Kim Wan Soon
Published: August 2022

Syringa fauriei is an unresolved lilac taxon (Oleaceae) native to specific geographical areas and present in the rivers and valleys of Gangwon province in South Korea. It was first identified on Mt Geumgang by Faurie in 1906 and recognized as an independent species. Nevertheless, S. fauriei has been controversial as a synonymous species for S. reticulata subsp. amurensis without clear evidence. Therefore, we conducted this study on the taxonomic position of S. fauriei by examining the morphological and molecular differences between S. fauriei and its related taxa, the S. reticulata complex. Phylogenetic relationships were also inferred using molecular markers of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2; ITS) and external transcribed spacer regions. Consequently, S. fauriei and its related taxa were classified into two distinct clades: S. fauriei and the S. reticulata complex. Morphological and molecular data revealed that S. fauriei was endemic to Korea. The species characteristics of S. fauriei were further described for taxonomic re‐establishment.
Longitudinal and situational associations between math anxiety and performance among early adolescents
Authors: Sorvo Riikka , Kiuru Noona , Koponen Tuire , Aro Tuija , Viholainen Helena , Ahonen Timo , Aro Mikko
Published: August 2022

Studies have found math anxiety and achievement to be related from the beginning of formal schooling, but the knowledge regarding the direction of the relationship is vague. The purpose of the present study was to study this relationship. We investigated math anxiety from two points of view: trait and state anxiety. In the first substudy, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between math anxiety and performance from sixth to seventh grade (n = 848) with cross‐lagged modeling. In the second substudy, we investigated the situational relationship of anxiety and performance by giving the participants (n = 149) challenging and nonchallenging math tasks adapted to their skill level, and then examining the association between anxiety and the performance. The results suggest that math anxiety has a small longitudinal effect on performance: High anxiety in sixth grade predicted low performance in seventh grade. Anxiety also had a situational association with performance: when anxiety was aroused, the participants performed more poorly compared to their skill level. The results adduce the two‐fold effect of anxiety on achievement: math anxiety seems to have both a real‐time association with performance and a long‐term effect on the development of basic arithmetic skills.
Nonuniform laminated beam of Lord–Shulman type
Authors: Feng Baowei , Cabanillas Victor R. , Coayla‐Teran Edson A. , Raposo Carlos A.
Published: August 2022

The nonuniform thermoelastic laminated beam of the Lord–Shulman type is considered. The model is a two‐layered beam with structural damping due to the interfacial slip. The well‐posedness is proved by the semigroup theory of linear operators approach together with the Lumer–Phillips theorem. The stability results presented in this paper depend on the nature of a stability function , which we define in (12). We first prove the lack of exponential stability of the system if , . And then, we establish the exponential stability for and polynomial decay with rate provided , . The result is new, and it is the first time that the nonuniform laminated beam is considered.
Long gun suicides in the state of Maryland following the firearm safety act of 2013
Authors: Pan Isabella , Zinko James , Weedn Victor , Nestadt Paul S.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

In 2013, the state of Maryland passed the Firearms Safety Act limiting the private sales of handguns, which did not apply to long guns often used for hunting (e.g., rifles and shotguns). This decreased the accessibility of handguns relative to long guns. We assessed the frequency of long gun suicides in the years before and after the policy change during winter season, which encompasses hunting season in Maryland.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis on all 4107 well‐characterized adult suicides caused by firearms in Maryland from 2003 through 2019. Logistic regression was performed, stratifying by decedent sex, race, and age.

Results

While handgun suicides decreased in the period after 2013's Firearm Safety Act (p < 0.008), wintertime long gun suicides increased after 2013 (p < 0.004). Caucasian race (p < 0.006), male sex (p < 0.005), and middle age (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with wintertime long gun suicides after 2013.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that while the 2013 Firearms Safety Act decreased handgun suicides significantly, it did not reduce long gun suicides and there may even have been replacement with long guns during hunting season, when rifles are out and accessible. This association was most prominent among the demographics most likely to hunt (Caucasian, middle‐aged, and male).
Tweeting Toward Transformation: Prison Abolition and Criminal Justice Reform in 140 Characters
Authors: Eschmann Rob , Thompson Julian G. , Toraif Noor
Published: August 2022

The United States is the world leader in confining bodies behind bars. As scholars, practitioners, and activists struggle against the problem of mass incarceration, this article makes a distinction between two competing perspectives, both of which seek to change the current criminal legal system: “prison abolition” and “reformism.” Each represents ideological and political differences in how mass incarceration should and could be resolved. Prior research has relied on historical methods and data to examine theoretical departures between prison reform and prison abolition, yet to our knowledge, there have been no explorations of these perspectives on new media. This article fills the gap, drawing on a sample of 2,112,206 tweets between 2011 and 2020 and engaging in an in‐depth qualitative analysis of nearly 5,000 tweets over a 6‐year period in order to investigate the ways Twitter users disclose and define their positions on criminal justice reform on one hand, and prison abolition on the other, and how these discussions have changed over time.
Exposure to FDI and attitudes towards multinational enterprises: Do M&A matter?
Authors: Franco Chiara , Marin Giovanni , Pietrovito Filomena
Published: August 2022

This study aims to investigate the role of multinational enterprises' (MNE) penetration at the occupation‐country level to form individuals' preferences towards MNE. We combine individuals' attitudes and perceptions towards MNE, obtained from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP, 2003 and 2013), with an indicator for the occupation‐country's exposure to MNE based on mergers and acquisitions data collected from the Securities Data Company Platinum database. Using an ordered probit model, we find that the MNE penetration at the occupation‐country level positively affects the individual's attitude towards MNE, even after controlling for individual socioeconomic characteristics. Additionally, we find that this effect is particularly relevant for individuals who are more favourable to immigrants' presence in their country and for residents in countries with high levels of employment protection legislation.
Mathematical Modeling for Carbon Dioxide Level Within Confined Spaces
Authors: Yan Lincan , Yantek Dave S. , DeGennaro Cory R. , Fernando Rohan D.
Published: August 2022

Federal regulations require refuge alternatives (RAs) in underground coal mines to provide a life-sustaining environment for miners trapped underground when escape is impossible. A breathable air supply is among those requirements. For built-in-place (BIP) RAs, a borehole air supply (BAS) is commonly used to supply fresh air from the surface. Federal regulations require that such a BAS must supply fresh air at 12.5 cfm or more per person to maintain the oxygen concentration between 18.5% and 23% and carbon dioxide level below the 1% limit specified. However, it is unclear whether 12.5 cfm is indeed needed to maintain this carbon dioxide level. The minimal fresh air flow (FAF) rate needed to maintain the 1% CO2 level will depend on multiple factors, including the number of people and the volume of the BIP RA. In the past, to predict the interior CO2 concentration in an occupied RA, 96-h tests were performed using a physical human breathing simulator. However, given the infinite possibility of the combinations (number of people, size of the BIP RA), it would be impractical to fully investigate the range of parameters that can affect the CO2 concentration using physical tests. In this paper, researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) developed a model that can predict how the %CO2 in an occupied confined space changes with time given the number of occupants and the FAF rate. The model was then compared to and validated with test data. The benchmarked model can be used to predict the %CO2 for any number of people and FAF rate without conducting a 96-h test. The methodology used in this model can also be used to estimate other gas levels within a confined space.
Flow Modal Decomposition of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine With the Moving Boundaries of Rotating Blades
Authors: Tian Tian , Sun Chong , Zhu Xiaocheng , Du Zhaohui
Published: August 2022

Aiming at analyzing the wake evolution features of a 3-blade vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is used to evaluate statistics of the flow field based on unsteady flow field computations. Considering the limitation that DMD can only be applied to problems with stationary boundaries, the technology to deal with the moving boundaries of rotating blades is investigated. First, the flow fields of VAWT are calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and computations are compared with the experimental results to verify the numerical calculations. Then the spectral analysis is performed on the VAWT wake at a tip speed ratio (TSR) of 2.35, and different frequency characteristics are observed in the near wake, the transition region of the wake, and the far wake, respectively. Next, DMD is employed to investigate the dynamic stall and the wake evolution of the VAWT in the absolute frame and the relative frame, respectively. Details of different possessing methods are presented. Finally, depending on the corresponding frequencies obtained before, the dominant modes are extracted from the CFD results by DMD. The extracted modes corresponding to specific frequencies can capture the coherent structures with different scales, which reflect the characteristics of the propagation of shedding vortices from blades and the bluff-body oscillation in the wake of the VAWT.
Football in Times of COVID-19: A Recapitulation of Preventive Measures and Infection Control Policies Aiming at a Safe Game Environment
Authors: Chamari Karim , Dergaa Ismail , Mujika Inigo , Schumacher Yorck Olaf , Tabben Montassar , Ben Saad Helmi
Published: August 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in sporting event suspensions and cancellations, affecting competition calendars worldwide during 2020 and 2021. This challenged high-performance athletes’ capacity to complete physical, technical, or tactical training during restricted movement measures (lockdown). With the Football World Cup organized in the last quarter of 2022, the past period of training and match disturbances challenged footballers concerning their performance and potential higher risk of injury at official matches’ resumption. There has been considerable debate about the management of resuming professional football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governing bodies worldwide implemented measures to ensure a safe resumption of football. These precautionary measures aimed to protect the health of players, their support staff, and officials around the pitch and ensure the enjoyment of the event by spectators in the football stadiums. We have therefore narratively reviewed scientific papers about how football has resumed on the pitch and in the stands with special focus on the COVID-19 infection control strategies allowing footballers to perform again and supporters to enjoy the game after the 2020 global stop to sport.
Development of Whole-Cell Biosensors for Screening of Peptidoglycan-Targeting Antibiotics in a Gram-Negative Bacterium
Authors: Yin Jianhua , Zhu Yiling , Liang Yanqun , Luo Yuke , Lou Jie , Hu Xiao , Meng Qiu , Zhu Tingheng , Yu Zhiliang
Published: August 2022

The growing problem of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria urgently needs new strategies so that researchers can develop novel antibiotics. Microbial whole-cell biosensors are capable of sensing various stimuli with a quantifiable output and show tremendous potential for the discovery of novel antibiotics.
Novel Automation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Spot Assay Testing Method: Comparable Diagnostic Performance of the T-SPOT.
TB
Test Using Manual Density Gradient Cell Isolation versus Automated Positive Selection with the T-Cell
Select
Kit
Authors: Wang Shu-Hua , Rajaram Murgesean V. S. , Trollip Andre , Wu Qian , Ayala Doris , Garza Danyelle , Benavidez Marielena A. , Fox Kelsie , Aguillón-Durán Genesis P. , Vargas-Orozco Erika A. , Torres Lou , Yu Lianbo , Ahmed S. Rumel , Aspden Megan , Jackson-Soutter Thomas , Coxon Catherine , Brignall Ruth , Restrepo Blanca I.
Published: August 2022

The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is critical to improve TB treatment and control, and the T-SPOT.
TB
test is a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay used for this purpose. The objective of the study was to increase automation and extend the time between blood collection and processing for the T-SPOT.
TB
test from 0 to 8 h to 0 to 54 h.
Motility-Independent Vertical Transmission of Bacteria in Leaf Symbiosis
Authors: Acar Tessa , Moreau Sandra , Coen Olivier , De Meyer Frédéric , Leroux Olivier , Beaumel Marine , Wilkin Paul , Carlier Aurélien
Published: August 2022

Hereditary symbioses with bacteria are common in the animal kingdom, but relatively unexplored in plants. Several plant species form associations with bacteria in their leaves, which is called leaf symbiosis.
Neuroimmune Responses in a New Experimental Animal Model of Cerebral Aspergillosis
Authors: Sullivan Brianne N. , Baggett Mia A. , Guillory Christa , Jones MaryJane , Steele Chad
Published: August 2022

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) result in significant mortality in immunosuppressed individuals. Of these, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), caused by the opportunistic moldAspergillus fumigatus, is the most lethal.
Aerosolized Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination of N95 Respirators, with Fit-Testing and Viral Inactivation, Demonstrates Feasibility for Reuse during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Derr T. Hans , James Melissa A. , Kuny Chad V. , Patel Devanshi R. , Kandel Prem P. , Field Cassandra , Beckman Matthew D. , Hockett Kevin L. , Bates Mark A. , Sutton Troy C. , Szpara Moriah L.
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented pressure on health care and research facilities to provide personal protective equipment. The respiratory nature of the SARS-CoV2 pathogen makes respirator facepieces a critical protective measure to limit inhalation of this virus.
Essential Fitness Repertoire of Staphylococcus aureus during Co-infection with Acinetobacter baumannii
In Vivo
Authors: Li Gang , Shen Wei , Gong Yali , Li Ming , Rao Xiaocai , Liu Qian , Yu Yanlan , Zhou Jing , Zhu Keting , Yuan Mengmeng , Shang Weilong , Yang Yi , Lu Shuguang , Wang Jing , Zhao Yan
Published: August 2022

Polymicrobial infections are widespread in clinical settings, which potentially correlate with increased infection severity and poor clinical outcomes.
Staphylococcus aureus
is a formidable human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases in polymicrobial nature. Co-infection and interaction of
S. aureus
have been described with limited pathogens, mainly including
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Candida albicans
, and influenza A virus.
Diaminopimelic Acid Metabolism by
Pseudomonadota
in the Ocean
Authors: Zheng Li-Yuan , Liu Ning-Hua , Zhong Shuai , Yu Yang , Zhang Xi-Ying , Qin Qi-Long , Song Xiao-Yan , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Fu Huihui , Wang Min , McMinn Andrew , Chen Xiu-Lan , Li Ping-Yi
Published: August 2022

DAP is a unique component of peptidoglycan in Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Due to the large number of marine Gram-negative bacteria, DAP is an important component of marine organic matter.
Repair of Double-Stranded DNA Breaks Generated by CRISPR–Cas9 in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Sharaev N. , Chacon-Machado L. , Musharova O. , Savitskaya E. , Severinov K.
Published: August 2022

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a metabolically versatile bacterium with considerable promise as a chassis strain for production and degradation of complex organic compounds. Unlike most bacteria, P. putida KT2440 encodes the Ku and LigD proteins involved in Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ). This pathway of repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA has an intrinsic mutagenic potential that could be exploited in combination with currently available genome editing tools that generate programmable DSBs. Here, we investigated the effect of removal or overproduction of NHEJ-associated P. putida KT2440 enzymes on mutations generated upon repair of Cas9-mediated DSBs with the double purpose of characterizing the NHEJ pathway and investigating how it functionally interacts with the current gold standard tool for gene editing. The results of our work shed light on non-templated mechanisms of DSB repair in P. putida KT2440, an information that will serve as foundation to expand the gene engineering toolbox for this important microorganism.
Atypical presentation and diagnosis of AIDS-related CMV encephalitis
Authors: Kawegere Erick , Goldberg Tamara
Published: August 2022

We report a case of man in his 40s with a medical history of post-traumatic stress disorder who presented to the emergency department with altered mental status, ataxia, headache and dizziness a few hours after snorting amphetamines and mushrooms. Twenty-four hours after presentation, while no longer abusing amphetamines or mushrooms, he remained ataxic and dizzy. A CT scan of the head showed periventricular hypodensities. MRI of the brain revealed extensive confluent T2 hyperintense signal throughout the cerebral white matter, brainstem and cerebellar white matter. Given these findings and persistent ataxia, lumbar puncture was performed, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) meningoencephalitis panel was positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV), prompting a diagnosis of CMV encephalitis. Since CMV almost always occurs in the setting of immunocompromise, the patient was screened for HIV and found to be positive with a CD4 count of 22. He was treated with ganciclovir 5 mg/kg/dose intravenously every 12 hours, with resolution of all symptoms.
Instruments to evaluate hospitalised children parents’ satisfaction with nursing care: a scoping review
Authors: Loureiro Fernanda , Antunes Vanessa
Published: August 2022

Aim

To identify instruments that allow the evaluation of parent’s satisfaction regarding nursing care during their child hospitalisation.

Methods

A review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews. The study was prospectively registered in Open Science Framework. Research was carried out on EBSCOhost, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science and ScienceDirect platforms as well as grey literature. Additionally, the references of selected articles were also examined.

Results

A sample of 65 articles allowed the identifications of 38 distinctive instruments to evaluate parents’ satisfaction in different hospital settings. Most studies were applied in paediatric wards (n=28), followed by neonatal intensive care units (n=21), paediatric intensive care units (n=9) and emergency departments (n=7). Sample size ranged from 13 to 3354 and 3 studies used mixed methods, 20 were methodological studies of instruments construction or validation and 43 were quantitative studies. 21 different instruments previously existent were found. In 3 studies, adapted instruments were used and, in 14 studies, structured instruments were purposively designed for the study. Instruments had between 1 and 13 domains and total number of items ranged between 13 and 92. Most studies assessed overall satisfaction (n=53) and instrument reliability (n=49) and/or validity (n=37).

Conclusion

Most instruments consider nursing care as a domain of satisfaction. Only two instruments focused specifically on nursing care. In most of the studies, there was a concern to evaluate instruments psychometric properties. This review clearly shows that there is still a gap in the literature on the range of aspects that influence satisfaction and a lack of consensus on ideal conditions for instrument use and application.
Accuracy of physical examination of cardiovascular system in the diagnosis of common congenital heart diseases in children
Authors: Alawani Sujata S , Raj Manu , Sudhakar Abish , Kumar Raman Krishna
Published: August 2022

Background

It is widely perceived that the value of physical examination in paediatric cardiology has diminished with the increasing availability of echocardiography. The accuracy of physical examination of cardiovascular system in children has not been systematically tested.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study from the paediatric cardiology clinic of a tertiary referral hospital in South India. A total of 545 children with 5 common cardiac conditions were included—normal heart, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and VSD with pulmonic stenosis. Physical examination was documented by a paediatric cardiology fellow and a consultant who were blinded to previous investigations and to each other. The accuracy of physical examination of the fellow and the consultant was determined for each patient group by comparing with echocardiography. Interobserver agreement was calculated using kappa statistics.

Results

Physical examination differentiated normal hearts from abnormal with an accuracy of 95.0% for fellows and 96.3% for consultants. For all abnormal hearts, the results for fellows and consultants, respectively, were as follows: sensitivity: 94.3%, 94.9%, specificity: 96.2%, 98.6%, accuracy: 95.0%, 96.3%, positive likelihood ratio: 24.8, 66.4 and negative likelihood ratio: 0.06, 0.05. There was good agreement between fellows and consultant for all patient groups (kappa: 0.72–1), except for large VSD (kappa: 0.232). Younger age and haemodynamically insignificant lesions were associated with incorrect diagnosis.

Conclusion

This study underscores the utility of clinical examination in initial screening for commonly encountered congenital cardiac conditions even in the current era of echocardiography.
Early COVID-19 respiratory risk stratification using machine learning
Authors: Douglas Molly J , Bell Brian W , Kinney Adrienne , Pungitore Sarah A , Toner Brian P
Published: August 2022

Background

COVID-19 has strained healthcare systems globally. In this and future pandemics, providers with limited critical care experience must distinguish between moderately ill patients and those who will require aggressive care, particularly endotracheal intubation. We sought to develop a machine learning-informed Early COVID-19 Respiratory Risk Stratification (ECoRRS) score to assist in triage, by providing a prediction of intubation within the next 48 hours based on objective clinical parameters.

Methods

Electronic health record data from 3447 COVID-19 hospitalizations, 20.7% including intubation, were extracted. 80% of these records were used as the derivation cohort. The validation cohort consisted of 20% of the total 3447 records. Multiple randomizations of the training and testing split were used to calculate confidence intervals. Data were binned into 4-hour blocks and labeled as cases of intubation or no intubation within the specified time frame. A LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression model was tuned for sensitivity and sparsity.

Results

Six highly predictive parameters were identified, the most significant being fraction of inspired oxygen. The model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.789 (95% CI 0.785 to 0.812). At 90% sensitivity, the negative predictive value was 0.997.

Discussion

The ECoRRS score enables non-specialists to identify patients with COVID-19 at risk of intubation within 48 hours with minimal undertriage and enables health systems to forecast new COVID-19 ventilator needs up to 48 hours in advance.

Level of evidence

IV.
Factors associated with delays in medical and surgical open facial fracture management
Authors: Duane Therese M , Sercy Erica , Banton Kaysie L , Blackwood Brian , Hamilton David , Hentzen Andrew , Hatch Matthew , Akinola Kerrick , Gordon Jeffrey , Bar-Or David
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Open fractures are at risk of infection because of exposure of bone and tissue to the environment. Facial fractures are often accompanied by other severe injuries, and therefore fracture management may be delayed until after stabilization. Previous studies in this area have examined timing of multiple facets of care but have tended to report on each in isolation (eg, antibiotic initiation).

Methods

This was a retrospective study of adult patients admitted to five trauma centers from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2021 with open facial fractures. Variables collected included demographics, injury mechanism, details on facial and non-facial injuries, facial fracture management (irrigation and debridement (I&D), irrigation without debridement, open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), antibiotics), and other hospital events. The study hypothesized that the presence of serious non-facial injuries would be associated with delays in facial fracture management. The primary aims were to describe open facial fracture management practices and examine factors associated with early versus delayed fracture management. A secondary aim was to describe infection rates. Early treatment was defined as within 24 hours of arrival for I&D, irrigation without debridement, and ORIF and within 1 hour for antibiotics.

Results

A total of 256 patients were included. Twenty-seven percent had major trauma (Injury Severity Score ≥16). The presence of serious head injury/traumatic brain injury was associated with delayed I&D (ORearly=0.04, p<0.01), irrigation without debridement (ORearly=0.09, p<0.01), and ORIF (ORearly=0.10, p<0.01). Going to the OR within 24 hours was associated with early I&D (ORearly=377.26, p<0.01), irrigation without debridement (ORearly=13.54, p<0.01), and ORIF (ORearly=154.92, p<0.01). The infection rate was 4%.

Conclusions

In this examination of multiple aspects of open facial fracture management, serious injuries to non-facial regions led to delays in surgical fracture management, consistent with the study hypothesis.

Level of evidence

Level III, prognostic/epidemiological.
Facile reduction of phosphine oxides andH-phosphonates by ditetrelenes
Authors: Belcina Maissa P. , Farhadpour Bahareh , Tashkandi Nada Y. , Henry Andrew T. , Bourque Jeremy L. , Baines Kim M.
Published: August 2022

The addition of secondary phosphine oxides to tetramesityldisilene and tetramesityldigermene results in the mild, partial reduction of the P(V) centre of the organophosphorus oxide to P(III) to yield disilyl and digermyl phosphinite derivatives and illustrates the potential of ditetrelenes to serve as mild reducing agents under ambient conditions. An analogous reaction happens with H-phosphonates. Mechanistic experiments, including deuterium labelling, kinetic isotope effect, and variable time normalization analysis experiments, reveal that the 1,3-PH addition likely proceeds through a stepwise reaction pathway with the organophosphorus oxide acting as the nucleophile toward the ditetrelene. Furthermore, a facile exchange between the R2PO moiety of the digermylphosphinite and the R2PO moiety of phosphine oxides was discovered and likely proceeds through a direct substitution mechanism.