bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indicateurs de développement durable et participation citoyenne : une entreprise paradoxale
Authors: Boulanger Paul-Marie
Published: January 2018

Espérant accroître la légitimité des indicateurs de développement durable et favoriser leur utilisation par le pouvoir politique, les scientifiques sont nombreux à plaider pour une implication accrue du citoyen dans l’élaboration et l’interprétation de ces indicateurs. Les arguments invoqués reposent sur des développements récents de la philosophie politique tels que la démocratie délibérative ou la rationalité communicationnelle. Tournant le dos à cette approche essentiellement normative, l’article cherche à mettre en lumière les fonctions latentes des indicateurs ainsi que de la participation. L’auteur mobilise à cet effet la théorie des systèmes et la théorie de la décision de Niklas Luhmann. Cette perspective invite à considérer les indicateurs ainsi que la participation citoyenne comme des stratégies de déparadoxisation des décisions politiques. Il s’agit, pour les uns comme pour l’autre, de masquer le caractère arbitraire des décisions qui les invoquent, d’en déplacer le caractère intrinsèquement contingent vers un autre système chargé d’absorber l’incertitude qui les entoure. En cherchant à objectiver ses décisions au moyen d’indicateurs « fiables et objectifs », le système politique déplace sa contingence vers le système scientifique. Tel est bien le sens de la « gouvernance par les nombres » ou de l’«  evidence-based policy  ». Tous les domaines ne se prêtent pas si aisément à cette absorption de l’incertitude. C’est le cas avec le développement durable où il n’y a guère de consensus scientifique sur les indicateurs à retenir (le changement climatique faisant toutefois exception). Placé par l’opinion publique et le système politique devant l’obligation de décider en la matière, le système scientifique se dérobe soit en proposant une liste d’indicateurs trop longue et trop hétéroclite pour être vraiment utile, soit en déplaçant à son tour la contingence de ses décisions vers le système politique en convoquant la participation citoyenne. Se pose alors la question de la représentativité des mini-publics mobilisés par la participation citoyenne et celle du couplage entre celle-ci et la décision politique. Ces questions sont abordées à l’aide du concept luhmannien d’épisode.
Les cadres de l’action publique locale en charge des politiques d’intégration des étrangers
Authors: Flamant Anouk
Published: January 2018

Cet article prend comme objet de recherche des agents municipaux chargés dans leurs administrations des politiques municipales pour les populations issues de l’immigration et engagés dans un groupe de travail du réseau de villes européen, Eurocités. Il s’agit de questionner ce que fait l’Europe à ces professionnels dans leur travail quotidien. Un premier regard sur ces professionnels s’intéresse à l’ensemble des freins, et en particulier l’adhésion des acteurs impliqués à leurs normes politiques, législatives et sociales nationales, à la construction d’un sens partagé. Néanmoins, un regard plus resserré sur les membres de ce groupe de travail permet de dévoiler les signes de professionnalisation de ces agents. Cette enquête dévoile ainsi les manières dont l’Europe est utilisée au niveau infranational comme une ressource cognitive pour définir leurs politiques locales sur la question migratoire.
« L’Europe dérange l’organigramme »
Authors: Morival Yohann
Published: January 2018

L’article signale que l’institutionnalisation d’un espace politique européen ne va pas de pair avec l’existence de structures ou de professionnels dédiés à la prise en charge des sujets européens au sein de plusieurs organisations patronales françaises. Depuis 1956, les modalités du suivi de ces sujets font l’objet de régulières recompositions dans ces organisations. Dès lors, l’existence de structures Europe ne constitue ni un marqueur de l’européanisation des groupes patronaux nationaux ni une entrée privilégiée pour saisir leur activité européenne. Leur instabilité éclaire en revanche les concurrences entre différentes modalités de suivi des enjeux européens dans un groupe national. Les salariés labélisés Europe au sein de l’organisation s’opposent à d’autres salariés sur les modalités de suivi des sujets européens. Afin de légitimer leur position, les permanents Europe mobilisent autant qu’ils font exister la particularité d’un espace politique européen dans l’organisation. Ce faisant, ils y promeuvent une définition particulière des sujets européens.
End-to-End Privacy Protection for Facebook Mobile Chat based on AES with Multi-Layered MD5
Authors: Wardhono Wibisono Sukmo , Priandani Nurizal Dwi , Ananta Mahardeka Tri , Brata Komang Candra , Tolle Herman
Published: January 2018

As social media environments become more interactive and amount of users grown tremendously, privacy is a matter of increasing concern. When personal data become a commodity, social media company can share users data to another party such as government. Facebook, inc is one of the social media company that frequently asked for user’s data. Although this private data request mechanism through a formal and valid legal process, it still undermine the fundamental right to information privacy. In This Case, social media users need protection against privacy violation from social media platform provider itself.  Private chat is the most favorite feature of a social media. Inside a chat room, user can share their private information contents. Cryptography is one of data protection methods that can be used to hides private communication data from unauthorized parties. In our study, we proposed a system that can encrypt chatting content based on AES and multi-layered MD5 to ensure social media users have privacy protection against social media company that use user informations as a commodity. In addition, this system can make users convenience to share their private information through social media platform.
Markerless Augmented Reality Utilizing Gyroscope to Demonstrate the Position of Dewata Nawa Sanga
Authors: Indrawan I Wayan Andis , Bayupati I Putu Agung , Singgih Putri Desy Purnami
Published: January 2018

Dewata Nawa Sanga in Hinduism has an important role as the foundation of the religious concept implemented by Hindus in Bali, Indonesia. It has the meaning of nine deities or manifestations of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa (God Almighty)  that guard or control the nine wind direction. Dewata Nawa Sanga in terms of education in Bali has been learned by the elementary school students. However, in social life the concept of Dewata Nawa Sanga itself has not been attached and understood by all Balinese Hinduism yet. Based on the problem in social life, there is an idea to develop Markerless Augmented Reality Utilizing Gyroscope to Demonstrate the Position of Dewata Nawa Sanga. This application is designed to know, recognize, and understand the characteristics of Dewata Nawa Sanga using gyroscope. This sensor serves to fulfill the object of the deities in the coordinates to be determined. Furthermore, it serves to provide information about Dewata Nawa Sanga along with the innovative and informative 3D animation. The result of usefulness questionnaire of this application percentage value average is 88.4%. It can be concluded that AR Dewata Nawa Sanga is very useful and helpful for learners in exploring the Dewata Nawa Sanga position in a real-world environment. The result of usability and satisfaction questionnaire of this application percentage value average is 84.8%. It shows that the application is very useful for the participants to learn Dewata Nawa Sanga and very satisfied to use.
Interconnection Structures, Management and Routing Challenges in Cloud-Service Data Center Networks: A Survey
Authors: Quttoum Ahmad Nahar
Published: January 2018

Today’s data center networks employ expensive networking equipments in associated structures that were not designed to meet the increasing requirements of the current large-scale data center services. Limitations that vary between reliability, resource utilization, and high costs are challenging. The era of cloud computing represents a promise to enable large-scale data centers. Computing platforms of such cloud service data centers consist of large number of commodity low-price servers that, with a theme of virtualization on top, can meet the performance of the expensive high-level servers at only a fraction of the price. Recently, the research in data center networks started to evolve rapidly. This opened the path for addressing many of its design and management challenges, these like scalability, reliability, bandwidth capacities, virtual machines’ migration, and cost. Bandwidth resource fragmentation limits the network agility, and leads to low utilization rates, not only for the bandwidth resources, but also for the servers that run the applications. With Traffic Engineering methods, managers of such networks can adapt for rapid changes in the network traffic among their servers, this can help to provide better resource utilization and lower costs. The market is going through exciting changes, and the need to run demanding-scale services drives the work toward cloud networks. These networks that are enabled by the notation of autonomic management, and the availability of commodity low-price network equipments. This work provides the readers with a survey that presents the management challenges, design and operational constraints of the cloud-service data center networks
CAPTURE: A Mobile Based Indoor Positioning System using Wireless Indoor Positioning System
Authors: Dari Yohanes Erwin , Suyoto Suyoto Suyoto , Pranowo Pranowo Pranowo
Published: January 2018

The existence of mobile devices as a location pointing device using Global Positioning System (GPS) is a very common thing nowadays. The use of GPS as a tool to determine the location of course has a shortage when used indoors. Therefore, the used of indoor location-based services in a room that leverages the use of Access Point (AP) is very important. By using the information of the Received Signal Strength (RSS) obtained from AP, then the location of the device can be determined without the need to use GPS. This technique is called the location fingerprint technique using the characteristics of received RSS’s fingerprint, then use it to determine the position. To get a more accurate position then authors used the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method. KNN will use some of the data that obtained from some AP to assist in positioning the device. This solution of course would be able to determine the position of the devices in a storied building.
The Archeology Field in the Mobile Era: A Roadmap to Catch-up
Authors: Khelifi Adel Labidi
Published: January 2018

The field of archeology is undoubtedly left behind in the mobile era compared to other scientific domains. The deployment of mobile technology solutions is of meagre contribution to the field. In fact, almost no mobile apps are designed as per archeologists’ work requirements in the excavation site. This study aims to tackle this dilemma through a roadmap to pave the way for the community to recover this digital divide. The roadmap encompasses a comprehensive methodology on how to develop mobile apps that meet the requirements of its respective audience. The development of two apps is introduced to illustrate the implementation of the methodology. The result of adopting this ‘roadmap’ study improves the data collection, processing and usage. It enhances information accuracy and sharing. Besides, it reduces the ‘destructive’ aspect of the archeology investigations and provides archeologists with handy solutions that they can use ubiquitously. The refinement of the first versions of mobile apps for archeology will make the measurements more accurate and improve the level of maturity of the field vis-à-vis the mobile technology sector. Most significantly, this study opens the door, eventually, for a new era wherein the community starts by deploying mobile technology solutions to ultimately go beyond the current dating techniques, such as the radiocarbon dating method. An ultimate future work could be the exploration of developing mobile apps, in an interdisciplinary context, that measure the age of archeological items by few clicks and prepare the field for the forthcoming post-device era.
The Viability of Mobile Services (SMS and Cell Broadcast) in Emergency Management Solutions: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Al-dalahmeh Mahmoud , Al-Shamaileh Ons , Aloudat Anas , Obeidat Bader Yousef
Published: January 2018

In this paper the path forward in location-based mobile phone warning systems is given against a concise backdrop of their deployment worldwide. Of relevance here is (i) how the systems are implemented using legislation, contractual service level agreement instruments or a hybrid approach, (ii) whether or not governments who deploy these systems will carry the cost of the deployment during an emergency or disaster, and (iii) whether or not carrier participation is mandated. Of particular importance are also the underlying technologies of this kind of emergency systems. To date, the short message service and cell broadcast service have been the main technologies to be utilised by governments in the application of location-based services in modern emergency management solutions. However, these technologies will most certainly be superseded by newer, more powerful capabilities. A comprehensive list of requirements for the future location-based emergency systems is presented also in this paper. In essence, these are recommendations to be adhered to if robust solutions using new technologies are to be deployed in a nation state.
Determine Entrepreneurial Characteristics Using Mobile Android Game Freezer
Authors: Ismail Mohammad , Ibrahim Ahmad Fuad , Yaacob Mohd Rafi , Ibrahim Asrul Hey , Zakaria Mohd Nazri , Razak Razli Che , Yusoff Mohd Nor Hakimin , Guan Tan Tse , Kamaruddin Anis Nabila
Published: January 2018

Psychometric Test has been used as an individual trait measurement for a long time for both experienced entrepreneurs as well as young generation who are looking for their potential in entrepreneurship. The assessment and measurement of strength and weaknesses of key entrepreneurial traits provides the entrepreneurial level and personal development planning for entrepreneur or those who want to venture into business. However, the traditional psychometric test lacks of fun element which is less enjoyable activity during answering the test. Furthermore, it requires basic understanding of business jargon that difficult for certain respondents to provide accurate respond. The purpose of this study is to propose a gamification approach which is mobile game application called ‘Freezer’ that can measured entrepreneurial traits of the player. In this sense, ‘Freezer’ creates a simulated scenario for respondents to play as an ice cream business owner and to win as a successful business person, each action done will be measured as entrepreneurial traits criteria. At the end of the game, the result will be presented that can describe the entrepreneurial characteristics of the individuals based on their planning and activities during playing the game.
 

 
Uncertainty in Clinical Knowledge
Authors: Kazandjian Vahé A.
Published: January 2018

This article explores the ways in which uncertainty can be incorporated into the understanding of better performance approaches, and is thus proposed as an enabling dimension of performance. The enabling characteristic of uncertainty is of special interest to designing educational programs for providers in assistance to the amelioration of care through the application of available knowledge, be that from data relating processes to outcomes, or based on feedback providers get from patients and families about their expectations from the care. Tracing the keystone definitions of uncertainty from Hippocrates to Osler, the discussion addresses the dimensions of decision - making appropriateness, its timeliness, the expected and actual value of the care services, and the role of systematic communication between providers of care as well as with patients. The crucial role of Health Information Technology is emphasized, and a unifying model is proposed where the inclusion of uncertainty as a dimension of performance promotes an encompassing evaluation of the quality of health care services. Evaluation, influenced by tradition and precedent, is discussed as requiring the inclusion of health care and caring services.
Survival Fight of a Teen With Polytrauma, Severe Head Injury, Gr-V Liver Injury Followed By ARDS, Managed in a Rural Hospital of Andaman, India
Authors: Bhasin Sidharth , Narayan Anil Kumar , Janardhan AL
Published: January 2018

This article describes how the liver is one of the most commonly injured organs in the abdomen, especially in road traffic accidents. Patients do present with polytrauma and those who are hemodynamically unstable have a high morbidity and mortality, even in advanced hospital settings. Following is the case report of a 17-yr. old boy, who was involved in a road traffic accident with polytrauma, presented to a tertiary care hospital in a remote island, with Grade IV-V liver injury and developed ARDS in post-operative period. The patient was managed successfully and discharged.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Psoriasis Patient Possibly Due to Long-term Methotrexate
Authors: Awal Guneet , Kaur Manpreet , Budhiraja Ravika Kanish
Published: January 2018

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a patient of psoriasis is a rare occurrence with paramount clinical significance for selecting the appropriate management options. We report a case of SCC in a 45-year-old male patient of psoriasis on unsupervised methotrexate for over 10 years. This case report highlights the importance of early diagnosis of SCC, carcinogenic potential of methotrexate, and role of acitretin in the management of such patients.
El espectáculo del exceso. Representaciones de la crisis financiera de 2008 en el cine mainstream norteamericano
Authors: Marzal-Felici Javier , Soler-Campillo María
Published: January 2018

La crisis económica y financiera de 2008 ha sido un tema argumental recurrente en numerosos productos culturales contemporáneos, tales como ensayos, novelas, cómics, trabajos fotográficos, films documentales, películas de ficción, series de televisión, webdocumentales, videojuegos, etc., bien para analizar las causas de este fenómeno o sus consecuencias en la actualidad. Objetivos: Se analizan once films documentales y de ficción, encuadrables en el cine mainstream o hegemónico, esto es, producidos y/o distribuidos en el contexto de la potente industria hollywoodiense, que abordan los orígenes y consecuencias de la crisis de 2008, cuyos efectos se siguen sintiendo con crudeza en la actualidad. Metodología: El estudio de los films parte de los postulados de la teoría de la imagen de William J. T. Mitchell (1986, 1994, 2005), a través del análisis de las condiciones de producción y recepción, de los recursos expresivos y narrativos, así como de las estrategias de enunciación discursivas de las películas seleccionadas (Zunzunegui, 1989; Carmona, 1991; González Requena, 1995). Resultados y conclusiones: El análisis de los films estudiados permite constatar que muchas de estas películas, de gran difusión internacional, más que contribuir a una crítica en profundidad del sistema económico, político, social o cultural vigente, parecen legitimar el modelo económico neoliberal hegemónico, poniendo el acento en la dimensión más sensorial y emocional de la recepción y consumo de imágenes, en la lógica de la sociedad del espectáculo en la que vivimos (Debord, 2002).
Peut-on estimer l’effet du changement climatique sur l’écoulement à l’exutoire d’un bassin sans modèle pluie-débit ? un test de la méthode de transfert climat-écoulement par régression dans le bassin transnational de la meuse
Authors: Grelier Benjamin , Drogue Gilles , Pirotton Michel , Archambeau Pierre , Gernez Emilie
Published: January 2018

L’étude de l’impact futur du changement climatique sur l’écoulement à l’exutoire d’un bassin repose généralement sur l’utilisation d’un modèle pluie-débit. Cet article explore les potentiels et les limites d’une stratégie alternative, fondée sur une méthode de transfert climat-écoulement par régression multiple. Cette méthode s’appuie sur un séquençage d’une régression des moindres carrés partiels (PLS) et d’une régression linéaire multiple (RLM) destinée à estimer des indices d’écoulement via les meilleurs prédicteurs climatiques identifiés par régression PLS. Les modèles de régression RLM paramétrés sur des critères quantitatifs, et par jugement expert des conditions hydro-climatiques actuelles, sont ensuite forcés par des sorties de modèles de climat pour produire des projections hydrologiques à différents horizons. L’application de la méthode de transfert climat-écoulement par régression multiple à deux cours d’eau du bassin de la Meuse décrits à partir d’indices d’écoulement de basses, de moyennes et de hautes eaux, montre que : i) cette méthode fonctionne convenablement pour certains indices d’écoulement seulement; ii) une connaissance minimale de la variabilité climatique à l’échelle régionale (apportée dans notre cas, par la pression atmosphérique et le gradient régional de pression en surface et à 500 hPa) suffit à décrire de façon acceptable le forçage climatique sur ces indices; iii) le jugement expert est indispensable pour identifier les prédicteurs climatiques hydrologiquement pertinents; iv) la force du lien entre climat et écoulement est propre à chaque bassin versant; v) les changements d’écoulement prédits par la méthode de transfert climat-écoulement sous scénarios climatiques CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) pour les prochaines décennies sont en accord avec ceux prédits par la modélisation pluie-débit. Au stade de nos investigations, trois limites majeures de la méthode de transfert climat-écoulement par régression multiple ont été identifiées : 1) elle exige de longues chroniques hydro-climatiques; 2) elle a tendance à sous-estimer la variabilité interannuelle de l’écoulement à l’exutoire des bassins testés; 3) elle n’est pas en capacité de garantir avec certitude l’évolution des indices d’écoulement dans des conditions climatiques très différentes de celles de la période d’observation.
Case Report: Family Cluster of Japanese Spotted Fever
Authors: Matsuura Hiroki , Yokota Kyoko
Published: January 2018

Spotted fever group rickettsioses are transmitted by several types of arthropods (including ticks, chiggers, fleas, and lice) and are distributed worldwide. Japanese spotted fever (JSF) was discovered as an emerging rickettsiosis in 1984. The annual number of cases has increased 3-fold during the last decade. In Japan, JSF has been mainly reported in an area with warm climate that borders the Pacific Ocean. We describe a family/neighborhood cluster of three cases of JSF in an area of Japan that had previously not been considered endemic.
cDNA Isolation and Expression of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate–Dependent Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene in the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans
Authors: Grosso Carla G. , Stroppa María M. , Varela Gonzalo M. , García Beatriz A.
Published: January 2018

Pyrethroid resistance has been detected in Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), which was atributed to target site insensitivity and increased oxidative metabolism of the insecticide by cytochrome P450s. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) plays an essential role in transferring electrons from NADPH to the P450-substrate complex. In this study, the full length CPR cDNA of T. infestans was isolated and gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The open reading frame is 2,046 bp long, encoding a protein of 682 amino acids. Amino acid sequence analysis indicates that the T. infestans CPR and the putative Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata CPRs present conserved ligand-binding domains. Congruent with a previous study of our laboratory, in which the expression of three cytochrome P450 genes (CYP4EM7, CYP3085B1, and CYP3092A6 genes) was induced by deltamethrin, the levels of T. infestans CPR mRNA were upregulated in the fat body of fifth instar nymphs after topical application of deltamethrin. Besides, as it was observed in the CYP4EM7 gene, it was detected overexpression of the CPR gene in the most resistant strain of T. infestans included in the study. These results suggest that CPR plays an essential role in P450-mediated resistance of T. infestans to insecticides.
Measuring User Compliance and Cost Effectiveness of Safe Drinking Water Programs: A Cluster-Randomized Study of Household Ultraviolet Disinfection in Rural Mexico
Authors: Reygadas Fermín , Gruber Joshua S. , Dreizler Lindsay , Nelson Kara L. , Ray Isha
Published: January 2018

Low adoption and compliance levels for household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) technologies have made it challenging for these systems to achieve measurable health benefits in the developing world. User compliance remains an inconsistently defined and poorly understood feature of HWTS programs. In this article, we develop a comprehensive approach to understanding HWTS compliance. First, our Safe Drinking Water Compliance Framework disaggregates and measures the components of compliance from initial adoption of the HWTS to exclusive consumption of treated water. We apply this framework to an ultraviolet (UV)–based safe water system in a cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Mexico. Second, we evaluate a no-frills (or “Basic”) variant of the program as well as an improved (or “Enhanced”) variant, to test if subtle changes in the user interface of HWTS programs could improve compliance. Finally, we perform a full-cost analysis of both variants to assess their cost effectiveness (CE) in achieving compliance. We define “compliance” strictly as the habit of consuming safe water. We find that compliance was significantly higher in the groups where the UV program variants were rolled out than in the control groups. The Enhanced variant performed better immediately postintervention than the Basic, but compliance (and thus CE) degraded with time such that no effective difference remained between the two versions of the program.
Effect of Health Care on Quality of Life among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Adults With and Without Visceral Leishmaniasis in northwest Ethiopia: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study
Authors: Alemayehu Mekuriaw , Wubshet Mamo , Mesfin Nebiyu , Gebayehu Abebaw
Published: January 2018

There has been a scarcity of data on the effect of health care on the quality of life (QoL) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)– and visceral leishmaniasis (VL)– coinfected patients over time. We sought to assess the change that health care brings about in the QoL of HIV patients with and without VL and its predictors in 6 months. A total of 465 HIV patients without VL and 125 HIV–VL-coinfected patients were enrolled in the longitudinal follow-up study from October 2015 to September 2016. Data on QoL at baseline and in 6 months were collected by trained nurses through face-to-face interviews using a short Amharic version of World Health Organization QoL instrument for HIV clients. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the predictors of health-related QoL. There was an improvement in all of the domains of QoL at the sixth month follow-up compared with the baseline for both groups of patients (P < 0.001). Lack of social support and income were associated with the low improvement in QoL in most of the domains in both groups. Compared with patients having severe acute malnutrition, patients having moderate acute malnutrition and normal nutritional status were better in most of the QoL domains in both groups of patients. Both antiretroviral and anti-VL treatments showed improvement in all dimensions of QoL. Income, social support, and nutritional status were the predictors for most of the QoL domains.
The Effectiveness of Community Bed Net Use on Malaria Parasitemia among Children Less Than 5 Years Old in Liberia
Authors: Stebbins Rebecca C. , Emch Michael , Meshnick Steven R.
Published: January 2018

In 2013, the under-5 mortality rate in Liberia was 71 deaths per 1,000 live births, with malaria responsible for 22% of those deaths. One of the primary existing control tools, long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs), is thought to be dually effective, acting as a physical barrier but also decreasing the mosquito population in communities. However, there has been little investigation into the protective effects of community-wide bed net use above and beyond the individual level. Using data from the population-representative 2011 Liberia Malaria Indicator Survey, we estimated the association between proportion of a community using LLINs and malaria in children using multi-level logistic regression. To investigate the potential effect measure modification of the relationship by urbanicity, we included an interaction term and calculated stratum-specific prevalence odds ratios (PORs) for rural and urban communities. We calculated a POR of malaria for an absolute 10% increase in community bed net use of 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91, 1.41) and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.92) for rural and urban communities, respectively, indicating a strong, though imprecise, protective effect within urban communities only. Our results indicate that bed net use has an indirect protective effect in urban areas, above and beyond individual use. Little or no such effect of community-wide use is seen in rural areas, likely because of population density factors. Therefore, although all control efforts should be multifaceted, promotion of bed net use in urban areas in particular will likely be a highly effective tool for control.
Detection of Zika Virus Infection in Myanmar
Authors: Ngwe Tun Mya Myat , Kyaw Aung Kyaw , Hmone Saw Wut , Inoue Shingo , Buerano Corazon C. , Soe Aung Min , Moi Meng Ling , Hayasaka Daisuke , Thu Hlaing Myat , Hasebe Futoshi , Thant Kyaw Zin , Morita Kouichi
Published: January 2018

Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes a dengue-like infection that has recently caught global attention. The infection, which also includes some birth defects, has been documented in the Americas, Pacific Islands, and some parts of Africa and Asia. There are no published reports on local ZIKV transmission in Myanmar. In this study, a total of 462 serum samples from patients and asymptomatic persons were collected in Myanmar from 2004 to 2017. They were analyzed for ZIKV infection by immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoglobulin G indirect ELISA, neutralization test, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and conventional PCR. Our study confirmed ZIKV infection in 4.9% of patients with clinical dengue symptoms and in 8.6% of persons who were asymptomatic. This is the first report on ZIKV infection in Myanmar and it suggests the occurrence of ZIKV infection in two geographically distinct sites in this country since at least 2006.
Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Antibodies in Cattle in Mali, 2005–2014
Authors: Subudhi Sonu , Dakouo Martin , Sloan Angela , Stein Derek R. , Grolla Allen , Jones Shane , Dibernardo Antonia , Rosenke Kyle , Sas Miriam , Traore Abdalah , Lindsay Robbin , Groschup Martin H. , Misra Vikram , Feldmann Heinz , Sogoba Nafomon , Safronetz David , Niang Mamadou
Published: January 2018

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) outbreaks have considerable impact on human and animal health. Here, we are reporting a serosurvey of cattle from all regions of Mali. These demonstrated that few had been exposed to RVFV from 2005 to 2014. Recent outbreaks of RVF in Niger and a single human case in Mali provide justification for further entomological and ecological studies of this virus.
Reimagining the Research Approach to Tuberculosis
Authors: Fauci Anthony S. , Eisinger Robert W.
Published: January 2018

Controlling and ultimately ending tuberculosis (TB) as a public health scourge will require a multifaceted and comprehensive approach involving the intensification of public health efforts, including scaling-up the delivery of current diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic tools. However, a critically important element in the effort to end TB is an accelerated biomedical research effort to address the many unanswered questions about the disease process itself and to develop improved and innovative countermeasures. An intensive effort toward these research goals will facilitate the achievement of the aspirational goal of ending TB.
First Clinical Impressions on the Integrated Corneal Tomography and Corneal Deformation with Scheimpflug Imaging
Authors: Haddad Jorge S , Barnwell Eliza , Rocha Karolinne M , Waring IV George O , Ambrosio Jr Renato
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study is to report the preliminary findings and the retrospective clinical impressions of the integrated corneal tomography and corneal deformation parameters with a dynamic ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug camera equipped with a noncontact tonometer. Twelve eyes of six patients were evaluated by the Scheimpflug imaging system of the Pentacam HR and Corvis ST (OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) devices. The parameters used were the Belin/Ambrósio deviation (BAD-D) and Corvis biomechanical index (CBI), as well as the recently published tomographic and biomechanical index (TBI), combined with a detailed clinical data and evaluation of normal eyes and patients with different stages of corneal ectasia.

How to cite this article

Haddad JS, Barnwell E, Rocha KM, Waring IV GO, Ambrosio Jr R. First Clinical Impressions on the Integrated Corneal Tomography and Corneal Deformation with Scheimpflug Imaging. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(2):101-109.
The Roots of Southern Identity
Authors: Cooper Christopher A. , Knotts H. Gibbs
Published: January 2018

“The Roots of Southern Identity,” grounds the book within the larger context of regional identity and social identity before turning attention directly to the issues of southern identity and southern distinctiveness. This chapter also includes original analyses, highlighting the unique role that food and politics play in the southern landscape. The chapter argues that the South remains culturally and politically distinct and that the perception of distinctiveness is a particularly important component of southern identity. In addition, the chapter examines the complicated relationship between race and southern identity. The chapter also introduces “dark side of southern identity,” a phenomenon in which politicians play on southern identity of old to prime voters to support populist, exclusionary, and even racist candidates and policies. Drawing on the social identity literature, the chapter discusses the reasons someone decides to be a member of a regional group.
Minstrelization and Nationhood
Authors: Waldstreicher David
Published: January 2018

This essay argues that the long-acknowledged first example of U.S. blackface minstrelsy, a song entitled “Backside Albany” or “The Siege of Plattsburgh,” was crucially shaped by its war of 1812 origins. By extension, the essay also argues that blackface minstrelsy can then be understood as one of the effects of the War of 1812. The song, “sung in the character of a black sailor” in Albany and New York in 1814 and 1815, responds to the importance of black sailors and African Americans more generally in the war and in contemporary politics. It tries to contain black assertiveness, but in doing so affirms the centrality of African Americans and their struggles in that moment. I argue that the racializing and demeaning work of blackface minstrelsy must thus be seen as a response to free black politics and to antislavery, and earlier than scholars have contended
Meditating on Slavery in the Age of Revolution
Authors: Smith-Rosenberg Carroll
Published: January 2018

From the nation’s founding inclusion in and exclusion from the U.S. body politic has been racialized. Citizenship and whiteness have been defined in opposition to slavery and blackness, the free white man celebrated as the prototype of the liberty-loving American citizen. “The very structure of American citizenship is white,” political philosophers and historians repeatedly tell us. Yet U.S. democracy took form during one of the most radical periods of human history, the Age of Revolution when the political world appeared remade and the promise of freedom unlimited. Between the 1780s and the War of 1812, increasingly radical political movements crisscrossed the Atlantic challenging absolute monarchies, establishing post-colonial republics and questioning the legitimacy of human slavery. Born of such momentous times, how were U.S. citizenship and democracy constituted as powerful instruments of racial exclusion? How were the majority of US citizens and their political leaders able to reconcile their commitment to the equality of all men with the centuries-old practice of chattel slavery? This essay ponders that conundrum through an exploration of a rapidly growing literary genre, the Barbary captivity narratives, cheaply printed popular accounts of the seizure and enslavement of American sailors by Barbary “pirates.” Focusing on the period between the 1780s and the War of 1812, that epic time when revolutionary fervor — and most especially the Haitian Revolution — made the contradictory interplay of Atlantic slavery and universal rights impossible to ignore, this article will explore the role popular representations of white and black enslavement played in the construction of the new U.S. republic and U.S. citizenship.
Military Service and Racial Subjectivity in the War Narratives of James Roberts and Isaac Hubbell
Authors: Greene James M.
Published: January 2018

This essay explores how racist thought became tied to the history of early US political violence through the analysis of two narratives of the War of 1812, one written by a supporter of slavery and the other by an advocate of African American equality. It argues that divisions among the soldiers in the War of 1812 provided a symbol of the perpetual instability faced by a nation founded in revolutionary violence. In response, a discourse of white supremacy and racial purity would be remembered in the antebellum era as the source of affiliation between men that could balance this volatility. As they illustrate a cultural effort to define legitimate expressions of political violence as the exclusive right of a sovereign community of white men, these narratives reveal how racial divisions obscured the similar forms of exploitation experienced by both white soldiers and enslaved blacks in the service of an expanding nation state.
The Self-Abstracting Letters of War
Authors: Wertheimer Eric
Published: January 2018

John Henry, the British spy, seemed to understand what it took to move the powerful to action, using secret letters to his handlers in British colonial administration as an incitement to Constitutionally declared war. My discussion here relies on that metanarrative of “abstraction” to produce a conversation between its historical actors. Though Henry wrote his letters on Federalist activities to Sir James Craig, Governor-General of the Canadas, he saved copies for his own use. Ultimately, he found the means to sell them to James Madison in February of 1812, at a moment when the president was equally keen to know of the activities of his political opponents. Madison published the letters almost as soon as he received them. In some sense then, the Henry letters, though addressed to Craig, were written for Madison. And Madison’s own subsequent rhetorical and legal moves towards war came in “conversation” with Henry. Henry abstracts authority and the public so as not to risk the ruin of the fictive and novelistic, but to harness it and its mediational effects. It redefines the relationship between the people and the Constitution, from the irrationally voiced nation, which diffuses authority, to a proper realignment with Presidential power. The move is a containment of the role of individual self-hood in the process of naming national interests and declaring war. In the process, that republican devotion to bottom-up persuasive transparency, idealized in the contemporaneous media of letters, print, and opinion, is critically diminished. He invites us to consider how late eighteenth century networks of information—letters, secret communiqués, war messages to Congress--abstract the self (its “absurd” opinions, its “inconsistent” rationales) to the benefit of a new (masculinized) executive. The executive model of authority will replace the irregular multitude of republican political culture.
Introduction
Authors: Eustace Nicole
Published: January 2018

The introduction outlines the deeply ambivalent attitudes of Americans as they engaged in a crucial contest over the definition and direction of the country—its language, politics, social structures, citizenry, and boundaries of national authority—thirty years after the American Revolution.
Theater of a Separate War
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

Though its most famous battles were waged in the East at Antietam, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, the Civil War was clearly a conflict that raged across a continent. From cotton-rich Texas and the fields of Kansas through Indian Territory and into the high desert of New Mexico, the trans-Mississippi theater was site of major clashes from the war’s earliest days through the surrenders of Confederate generals Edmund Kirby Smith and Stand Waite in June 1865. In this comprehensive military history of the war west of the Mississippi River, Thomas W. Cutrer shows that the theater’s distance from events in the East does not diminish its importance to the unfolding of the larger struggle. Theater of a Separate War details the battles between North and South in these far-flung regions, assessing the complex political and military strategies on both sides. While providing the definitive history of the rise and fall of the South’s armies in the far West, Cutrer shows, even if the region’s influence on the Confederacy’s cause waned, its role persisted well beyond the fall of Richmond and Lee’s surrender to Grant. In this masterful study, Cutrer offers a fresh perspective on an often overlooked aspect of Civil War history.
Has It Come So Soon As This?
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

Deals with the secession movements in Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri.
Charge ’em! Damn ’em, Charge, Charge, Charge!
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

Examines the Confederate effort to open a path to the Pacific Ocean and the gold fields of Colorado, the formation of a brigade of Texas cavalry to occupy New Mexico Territory for the Confederacy, the 1862 campaign on the Rio Grande from El Paso to Gloriette Pass, and the Confederate withdrawal to San Antonio.
No Feeling of Mercy or Kindness
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

Examines the political and military situation in Arkansas after the Confederate defeat at Pea Ridge and Earl van Dorn’s virtual evacuation of the state in order to reinforce Albert Sidney Johnston’s counteroffensive in Tennessee. Examines, in particular, Thomas Carmichael Hindman’s attempts to rebuild a Confederate army in the state to resist further Federal incursion, culminating in the union victory at the battle of Prairie Grove.
Hold Out Till Help Arrived or Until All Dead
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

Examines the Federal offensive up the Arkansas River and the Confederate attempt to stop it in the fortifications of Arkansas Post. The battle resulted in the capture of the Rebel garrison and a major Union victory.
Cannot You Do Something to Operate Against Them on Your Side of the River!
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

With Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant’s campaign against Vicksburg presenting an increasing threat to that vital river fortress, Confederate authorities in Richmond called for Confederate forces in the trans-Mississippi to cooperate with the city’s garrison to raise the siege. A division of Texas troops struck the Federal line on the west bank of the Mississippi River, but, after achieving initial success, were repulsed by Union gunboats.
Courage and Desperation Rarely Equaled
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

In an attempt to relieve the mounting pressure on Vicksburg, the Confederate high command launched an assault on the Federal defences at Helena, Arkansas, a port city on the Mississippi River. Poor intelligence and reconnaissance work and a lack of coordination among the assaulting columns turned the effort into a costly failure and brought an end to the ill-starred command of Lt. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes in the trans-Mississippi.
I Am Going to Fight Banks If He Has a Million of Men!
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

Under the leadership of Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor, Confederate forces turned against their Union pursuers south of Shreveport, attacking them at the village of Mansfield, Louisiana. Banks’s army, caught strung out along a narrow road, was defeated and piecemeal and routed in panic back toward the village of Pleasant Hill, where they at last rallied and were reinforced. There, on the day following the battle of Mansfield, Taylor’s exhausted troops attacked them again, fighting them to a bloody tactical stalemate. Banks’s army still greatly exceed Taylor’s in numbers, but nevertheless he chose to withdraw toward New Orleans.
Introduction
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

The Confederate states of Arkansas, Texas, and Missouri, the parishes of Louisiana west of the Mississippi, the Indian Territory, and the New Mexico Territory constituted what Richmond editor Edward Alfred Pollard called “the distant and obscure theatre of the Trans-Mississippi.” But “distant and obscure” as it might have seemed to a citizen of Richmond in 1862, the trans-Mississippi was an area of tremendous potential significance. For one thing, at 600,000 square miles, the trans-Mississippi Confederacy comprised more than one-half of the entire Confederate landmass, and the area was as variable as it was vast. In addition, manpower reserves were substantial. In 1860, Arkansas had a white population of more than 324,000; Louisiana, 375,000; Texas, 420,000; and Missouri, in excess of 1,000,000. The black populations of these states were also significant, with Louisiana’s slave population nearly equaling that of its free citizens. Texas had a slave population of more than 180,000, and Arkansas and Missouri each had more than 100,000 enslaved black people. With the coming of emancipation and the enlistment of former slaves into the Union army, many of these men flocked to the colors and played significant roles in the campaigns of 1863 and 1864. Of Louisiana’s black men of military age, 24,052, or 31 percent, joined the army, and in Arkansas, that number was 5,526, or 24 percent. From Texas, however, a state that largely avoided Federal invasion and occupation and therefore held its slaves until the war was ended, only 47 black men enlisted, a mere .001 percent of its prewar slave population....
The Venerable
Authors: Elizondo Griest Stephanie
Published: January 2018

The author travels to Kingsville, Texas to meet Sister Maximina, who has spent 40 years campaigning for the canonization of Mother Julia, the founder of the Missionary Daughters of the Most Pure Virgin Mary. (At present, she is “Venerable,” which is the second of four stages to Sainthood.) In her lifetime, the Mexican nun established dozens of convents and schools in the United States and Mexico that catechized thousands of indigent children throughout the borderlands. Through her meeting with Sister Maximina, the author further meditates on the concept of spiritual mestizaje in the borderlands.