bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional nanoimaging of fuel cell catalyst layers
Authors: Girod Robin , Lazaridis Timon , Gasteiger Hubert A. , Tileli Vasiliki
Published: April 2023

Catalyst layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells consist of platinum-group-metal nanocatalysts supported on carbon aggregates, forming a porous structure through which an ionomer network percolates. The local structural character of these heterogeneous assemblies is directly linked to the mass-transport resistances and subsequent cell performance losses; its three-dimensional visualization is therefore of interest. Herein we implement deep-learning-aided cryogenic transmission electron tomography for image restoration, and we quantitatively investigate the full morphology of various catalyst layers at the local-reaction-site scale. The analysis enables computation of metrics such as the ionomer morphology, coverage and homogeneity, location of platinum on the carbon supports, and platinum accessibility to the ionomer network, with the results directly compared and validated with experimental measurements. We expect that our findings and methodology for evaluating catalyst layer architectures will contribute towards linking the morphology to transport properties and overall fuel cell performance.
Global transcriptome analysis of allopolyploidization reveals large-scale repression of the D-subgenome in synthetic hexaploid wheat
Authors: Vasudevan Akshaya , Lévesque-Lemay Madeleine , Edwards Tara , Cloutier Sylvie
Published: April 2023

Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) lines are created as pre-breeding germplasm to diversify the D subgenome of hexaploid wheat and capitalize upon the untapped genetic diversity of the Aegilops tauschii gene pool. However, the phenotypes observed in the Ae. tauschii parents are not always recovered in the SHW lines, possibly due to inter-subgenome interactions. To elucidate this post-polyploidization genome reprogramming phenomenon, we performed RNA-seq of four SHW lines and their corresponding tetraploid and diploid parents, across ten tissues and three biological replicates. Homoeologue expression bias (HEB) analysis using more than 18,000 triads suggests massive suppression of homoeoalleles of the D subgenome in SHWs. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the whole-genome gene set further corroborated this finding. Alternative splicing analysis of the high-confidence genes indicates an additional layer of complexity where all five splice events are identified, and retained intron is predominant. Homoeologue expression upon resynthesis of hexaploid wheat has implications to the usage and handling of this germplasm in breeding as it relates to capturing the effects of epistatic interaction across subgenomes upon polyploidization. Special considerations must be given to this germplasm in pre-breeding activities to consider the extent of the inter-subgenome interactions on gene expression and their impact on traits for crop improvement.
Structure of anhydrotetracycline-bound Tet(X6) reveals the mechanism for inhibition of type 1 tetracycline destructases
Authors: Kumar Hirdesh , Williford Emily E. , Blake Kevin S. , Virgin-Downey Brett , Dantas Gautam , Wencewicz Timothy A. , Tolia Niraj H.
Published: April 2023

Inactivation of tetracycline antibiotics by tetracycline destructases (TDases) remains a clinical and agricultural threat. TDases can be classified as type 1 Tet(X)-like TDases and type 2 soil-derived TDases. Type 1 TDases are widely identified in clinical pathogens. A combination therapy of tetracycline and a TDase inhibitor is much needed to rescue the clinical efficacy of tetracyclines. Anhydrotetracycline is a pan-TDase inhibitor that inhibits both type 1 and type 2 TDases. Here, we present structural, biochemical, and phenotypic evidence that anhydrotetracycline binds in a substrate-like orientation and competitively inhibits the type 1 TDase Tet(X6) to rescue tetracycline antibiotic activity as a sacrificial substrate. Anhydrotetracycline interacting residues of Tet(X6) are conserved within type 1 TDases, indicating a conserved binding mode and mechanism of inhibition. This mode of binding and inhibition is distinct from anhydrotetracycline’s inhibition of type 2 TDases. This study forms the framework for development of next-generation therapies to counteract enzymatic tetracycline resistance.
Maximally modular structure of growing hyperbolic networks
Authors: Balogh Sámuel G. , Kovács Bianka , Palla Gergely
Published: April 2023

Hyperbolic network models provide a particularly successful approach to explain many peculiar features of real complex networks including, for instance, the small-world and scale-free properties, or the relatively high clustering coefficient. Here we show that for the popularity-similarity optimisation (PSO) model from this family, the generated networks become also extremely modular in the thermodynamic limit, despite lacking any explicitly built-in community formation mechanism in the model definition. In particular, our analytical calculations indicate that the modularity in PSO networks can get arbitrarily close to its maximal value of 1 as the network size is increased. We also derive the convergence rate, which turns out to be dependent on the popularity fading parameter controlling the degree decay exponent of the generated networks.
Nanoscale architecture for frequency-resolving single-photon detectors
Authors: Young Steve M. , Sarovar Mohan , Léonard François
Published: April 2023

Single photon detectors play a key role across several basic science and technology applications. While progress has been made in improving performance, single photon detectors that can maintain high performance while also resolving the photon frequency are still lacking. By means of quantum simulations, we show that nanoscale elements cooperatively interacting with the photon field in a photodetector architecture allow to simultaneously achieve high efficiency, low jitter, and high frequency resolution. We discuss how such cooperative interactions are essential to reach this performance regime, analyzing the factors that impact performance and trade-offs between metrics. We illustrate the potential performance for frequency resolution over a 1 eV bandwidth in the visible range, indicating near perfect detection efficiency, jitter of a few hundred femtoseconds, and frequency resolution of tens of meV. Finally, a potential physical realization of such an architecture is presented based on carbon nanotubes functionalized with quantum dots.
SiO2/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles carry CaO2, DOX and p53 plasmid to effectively achieve ion interference/chemical/gene multimodal therapy of lung cancer
Authors: Zhuo Yi , Huang Xuan , Lin Nan-long , Yu Feng-qiang , Chen Yan-xun , Guan Mao-hao , Yi Wei-qiang , Lai Fan-cai
Published: April 2023

The construct of SiO2@CaO2@DOX@P53–HA and its therapeutical mechanism in cancer cell.
A novel electrochemical sensor based on gold nanobipyramids and poly-l-cysteine for the sensitive determination of trilobatin
Authors: Mei Xue , Wang Wenchang , Li Qingyi , Wu Minxian , Bu Liyin , Chen Zhidong
Published: April 2023

For the sensitive and selective determination of trilobatin, a novel electrochemical sensor based on gold nanobipyramids (AuNBs) and l-cysteine (l-cys) is constructed.
Organogelation enables fast organolithium cross-coupling reactions in air
Authors: Visser Paco , Feringa Ben L.
Published: April 2023

Here we describe the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of organolithium gels with aryl bromides, which can be safely performed in air. The utility of the reaction is illustrated in a gram-scale reaction that does not require special safety precautions.
Green light enhanced the photostability and catalytic performance of fatty acid photodecarboxylase
Authors: Xia Ao , Guo Xiaobo , Chai Yingxin , Zhang Wuyuan , Huang Yun , Zhu Xianqing , Zhu Xun , Liao Qiang
Published: April 2023

Green light improved the photostability of fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP) by reducing the generation of O2˙− and 1O2. Blue light facilitated the catalytic activity of FAP due to the high substrate affinity and low apparent activation energy.
A diselenide additive enables photocatalytic hydroalkoxylation ofgem-difluoroalkenes
Authors: Herrick Ryan M. , Abd El-Gaber Mohammed K. , Coy Gabriela , Altman Ryan A.
Published: April 2023

A photocatalytic hydroalkoxylation reaction enables the coupling of aliphatic alcohols withgem-difluoroalkenes, expanding the scope of accessible α,α-difluorinated ethers, a desirable substructure for medicinal and agricultural chemists.
Multiple iodide autocatalysis paths of chemo-hydrodynamical patterns in the Briggs–Rauscher reaction
Authors: Yuan Ling , Wang Hongzhang , Meng Chunxiao , Cheng Zhenfang , Lv Xiaoli , Gao Qingyu
Published: April 2023

The interaction among the three paths (Mn2+-driven radical reactions, the oxidation of malonic acid, and light-driven radical reactions) for iodide autocatalysis leads to complex chemo-hydrodynamical patterns in the Briggs–Rauscher reaction.
Optimization of Au(iii) adsorption by the Taguchi method using pyrogallol functionalized silica nanoparticles
Authors: Can Mustafa , Parlar Engin Deniz , Akçil Mustafa , Kızılarslan Abdülkadir , Boran Semra , Kökçam Abdullah Hulusi , Uygun Özer
Published: April 2023

Pyrogallol molecules were successfully immobilized onto APMCM41 nanoparticles. The optimum adsorption conditions were determined with Taguchi in an L25 orthogonal array. APMCM41-Py NPs rapidly reduce gold ions to the metallic state.
Noncovalent tailoring of coordination complexes by resorcin[4]arene-based supramolecular hosts
Authors: Horiuchi Shinnosuke , Hayashi Mikihiro , Umakoshi Keisuke
Published: April 2023

Resorcin[4]arene-based molecular hosts can accommodate coordination complexes in a noncovalent manner to afford a unique host–guest systems, in which the chemical and physical properties of the guests are altered by encapsulation.
Greener peptoid synthesis in additive-free water-based media
Authors: Soumanou Nassirine , Lybye Dorthe , Hjelmgaard Thomas , Faure Sophie
Published: April 2023

Highly efficient procedures for greener synthesis of sequence-defined peptoids in additive-free water-based media using a convenient one-pot two-step deprotection/coupling sequence for the installation of each new peptoid residue.
Performance-enhanced clogging-free viscous sheath constriction impedance flow cytometry
Authors: Zhu Junwen , Feng Yongxiang , Chai Huichao , Liang Fei , Cheng Zhen , Wang Wenhui
Published: April 2023

Viscous SC IFC with clogging-free, accurate, and sensitive performance.
Additive manufacturing of eco-friendly building insulation materials by recycling pulp and paper
Authors: Lee Meng-Lun , Sarkar Arpita , Guo Zipeng , Zhou Chi , Armstrong Jason N. , Ren Shenqiang
Published: April 2023

Thermal insulation materials by recycling pulp and paper wastes play an important role in environmental sustainability of green buildings.
Phytic acid-modified graphene/cobalt oxide nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, antiproliferative properties, and catalytic activities
Authors: Gholivand Khodayar , Sabaghian Marzie , Babaei Azam , Eshaghi Malekshah Rahime , Sadeghi-Mohammadi Sanam , Naderi-Manesh Hossein
Published: April 2023

GO-Co3O4and GO-Co3O4-PA nanocomposites are synthesized by hydrothermal method and induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Also, GO-Co3O4-PA exhibited excellent catalytic performance in Biginelli reaction.
Stabilization of the aqueous phase fraction of pine wood bio-oil using zirconia-supported Fe/Cu/Pd nano-catalysts under mild conditions
Authors: Bagnato Giuseppe , Signoretto Michela , Ghedini Elena , Menegazzo Federica , Xi Xiaoying , ten Brink Gert H. , Kooi Bart J. , Heeres Hero Jan , Sanna Aimaro
Published: April 2023

Hydrogenation of biomass using bimetallic catalysts.
Revealing the high activity of WO3–SBA-15 with isolated tungsten oxide species in cis-cyclooctene epoxidation
Authors: Li Penghui , Wang Huixiang , Gao Junhua , Wang Liancheng , Shi Jing , Meng Yu , Li Junfen , Lv Baoliang
Published: April 2023

The superior performance of WO3–SBA-15 for epoxidation was attributed that the abundant isolated WO4 benefited the coordination and activation of H2O2, and strong electron-withdrawing by the support facilitated weakening the bond strength of the O–O bond in W–OOH.
Super silyl-based stable protecting groups for both the C- and N-terminals of peptides: applied as effective hydrophobic tags in liquid-phase peptide synthesis
Authors: Wu An , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: April 2023

Noticing the hydrophobic properties of the silyl groups, we developed super silyl groups as hydrophobic tags to install at both the C- and N-terminals of peptides to enhance the solubility in liquid-phase peptide synthesis.
Effect of solvent on the crystal phase, morphology, and sodium storage performance of FeSe2
Authors: Ren Manman , Zang Haoting , Cao Shilei , Guo Hongling , Zhang Jihui , Liu Weiliang , Yao Jinshui , Zhang Xu , Zhou Zhen
Published: April 2023

The unique flower-like 3D structure and dominant crystal endow the FeSe2 electrode with satisfactory sodium storage performance.
Tumor microenvironment responsiveT1–T2dual-mode contrast agent Fe3O4@ZIF-8-Zn–Mn NPs forin vivomagnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Liang Minmin , Zhou Weixiu , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Jutian , Lin Jiaomin , An Lu , Yang Shiping
Published: April 2023

A pH and glutathione sensitive assembly Fe3O4@ZIF-8-Zn-Mn was constructedviaone step self-assembly in aqueous solution. This assembly can be used as tumor microenvironment responsiveT1–T2dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for tumor imaging.
Assessing the impact of three‐phase rewinding of a failed single‐phase motor on efficiency improvement and energy saving
Authors: Resketi Hamidreza Akbari , Firouzjaee Jafar Adabi , Mirimani Seyyed Mehdi
Published: April 2023

Induction motors, particularly single‐phase induction motors (SPIMs), represent the major consumption of power in the household sector. SPIMs that fail during their life cycle represent the best opportunity to improve their efficiency by replacing or repairing them. Although replacing faulty motors with new and efficient ones results in significant energy savings, this replacement is uneconomical due to its high initial costs. Additionally, this option requires extensive energy and materials to manufacture, resulting in a considerable environmental impact. This article aims to introduce a three‐phase rewinding of a failed SPIM using a rewinding algorithm that significantly improves the machine's efficiency and performance in an economically viable way. The 0.75 HP single‐phase capacitor‐start induction motor has been rewound to convert it into a three‐phase motor with the required 110 V line voltage and 50 Hz frequency. The economic analysis implies that the rewound machine's life‐cycle cost is 6% and 18% lower than the purchased SPIM IE1 and existing SPIM by below efficiency class respectively. The rewound motor achieves a payback period of 1–1.6 years for different motor loading levels, based on the world average electricity price, indicating an economically viable solution.
Design and comparison of dual‐stator axial‐field flux‐switching permanent magnet motors for electric vehicle application
Authors: Farrokh Fariba , Vahedi Abolfazl , Torkaman Hossein , Banejad Mahdi
Published: April 2023

In this article, three dual‐stator axial field flux‐switching permanent magnet (DS‐AFFSPM) topologies are selected, designed, and analysed in order to determine the most effective structure electric vehicle (EV) application based on torque density, power density, and efficiency. Accordingly, the introduced topologies are thoroughly compared in the same condition. The results show that, the high‐power density, high‐torque density, and high‐efficiency, of the internal single‐teeth rotor DS‐AFFSPM topology is a suitable candidate for EV application because it has the lowest torque ripple.
Spatial metallicity variations of mono-temperature stellar populations revealed by early-type stars in LAMOST
Authors: Wang Chun , Yuan Haibo , Xiang Maosheng , Ting Yuan-Sen , Huang Yang , Liu Xiaowei
Published: April 2023

We investigate the radial metallicity gradients and azimuthal metallicity distributions on the Galactocentric X–Y plane using mono-temperature stellar populations selected from the LAMOST-MRS young stellar sample. The estimated radial metallicity gradient ranges from −0.015 dex/kpc to −0.07 dex/kpc, which decreases as the effective temperature decreases (or when the stellar age increases) at 7500 < Teff < 12 500 K (τ < 1.5 Gyr). The azimuthal metallicity excess (the metallicity after subtracting the radial metallicity gradient, Δ [M/H]) distributions exhibit inhomogeneities with dispersions of 0.04 dex to 0.07 dex, which decrease as the effective temperature decreases. We also identify five potential metal-poor substructures with large metallicity excess dispersions. The metallicity excess distributions of these five metal-poor substructures suggest that they contain a larger fraction of metal-poor stars compared to other control samples. These metal-poor substructures may be associated with high-velocity clouds that infall into the Galactic disk from the Galactic halo, which are not quickly well mixed with the pre-existing interstellar medium (ISM) of the Galactic disk. As a result, these high-velocity clouds produce some metal-poor stars and the observed metal-poor substructures. The variations of metallicity inhomogeneities with different stellar populations indicate that high-velocity clouds are not well mixed with the pre-existing Galactic disk ISM within 0.3 Gyr.
The effects of fish protein hydrolysate as supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization and immunological response in fish: A review
Authors: Nguyen Minh Chau , Fotedar Ravi , Giridharan Beena
Published: April 2023

Aquaculture has rapidly developed and expanded, leading to high demand on fishmeal, which is the main protein source for aqua-feed production. Some alternative protein sources have been evaluated to replace fishmeal in aquaculture. Fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) are prepared by enzymatic hydrolyzing fish protein in fish wastes discarded from the fish processing industry. FPH are promising alternative protein sources because they not only contain high protein level, balanced amino acid profile, and antioxidants; but also possess desirable functional and bioactive peptides. The review summarized the potential effects of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) as supplementation on the growth performance, feed utilization, and physiological and immunological response of fish species. Moderate dietary FPH levels could improve growth, feed utilization and disease resistance in fish. However, excessive FPH inclusion levels led to the depression of growth and health of fish. The data suggested that supplementation of optimum FPH levels in diets may take their full effective utilization in the enhancement of growth and health of fish.
Extraction and solubility modelling of Sarawak Black Pepper Oil in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Obek Christine Ann , Saptoro Agus
Published: April 2023

The solubility of Black Pepper Oil (BPO) was measured in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2). The temperatures and pressures of the extraction were chosen in the range of 313 – 333K and 100 - 300 bars, respectively. The solubilities attained ranged between 0.27 x 10-5 to 2.88 x 10-5 g extract/g CO2. 5 different empirical models were selected to predict the solubility of BPO in SC-CO2. Among the 5 empirical models, Belghait model resulted in the lowest but best absolute average relative deviation (AARD) of 14.90%.
Transition von der Kinder- und Jugend- hin zur Erwachsenenpsychiatrie
in einer deutschen Metropolenregion: Eine explorative
Querschnittstudie
Authors: Rout Sandeep , Ignatyev Yuriy , Schwarz Julian , von Peter Sebastian
Published: April 2023

Anliegen In der Psychiatrie stellt die Transitionsphase eine besondere
Herausforderung dar. Die Studie zielt auf die Untersuchung von
Versorgungslücken während des Übergangs in die
Erwachsenenpsychiatrie ab.

Methodik Nach einer qualitativen Vorstudie wurden 100
Patienten*innen mit vorangegangener kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer
Behandlung zum Vorliegen einer Behandlungslücke standardisiert zum
Inanspruchnahmeverhalten, dem Hilfebedarf und dem Erleben während, vor
und nach der Transitionsphase befragt. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv und mit Hilfe
der Intervallschätzung (Überdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit)
analysiert.

Ergebnisse Bei 75% der Patienten*innen wurde eine
Behandlungslücke von mehr als 3 Monaten belegt. Die Untersuchung zeigte,
dass die Behandlungsunterbrechung als Risiko für weitere Krisen erlebt
wurde und oft ein Informationsdefizit zu Weiterbehandlungsoptionen bestand.

Schlussfolgerung Der Übergang von der kinder- und jugend- zur
erwachsenenpsychiatrischen Behandlung verläuft nicht nahtlos und
benötigt professionelle Unterstützung.
„Deine Gesundheit“ – Spiegelbild der
Sozialpsychiatrie in der DDR?
Authors: Müller Thomas R. , Haack Kathleen , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Kumbier Ekkehardt
Published: April 2023

Ziel Es werden Beiträge zur psychiatrischen Versorgung in der DDR
identifiziert, die in der Zeitschrift „Deine Gesundheit“
publiziert wurden. Dabei wurde untersucht, wie die Psychiatrie
öffentlich dargestellt wird und welche Intention die Adressierung an ein
Laienpublikum verfolgte.

Methode Alle zwischen 1955 und 1989 erschienenen Hefte wurden systematisch
durchgesehen, die Rolle der Publizierenden untersucht und eine Bewertung im
Kontext der Sozialpsychiatrie und der gesellschaftspolitischen Bedingungen
vorgenommen.

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine rege Publikationstätigkeit
psychiatrischer Themen von vor allem professionellen Akteuren. Auffallend ist
die zeitliche Häufung im Kontext von psychiatrischen
Reformbestrebungen.

Schlussfolgerung Insbesondere reformorientierte Psychiaterinnen und
Psychiater nutzten das populärwissenschaftliche Medium, um eine breite
Öffentlichkeit und damit eine größere gesellschaftliche
Akzeptanz gemeindespsychiatrischer Versorgungskonzepte zu erreichen.
Corona-Pandemie-bedingte Auswirkungen auf die psychiatrische und
psychosoziale Versorgung im städtischen und ländlichen Raum
– Zwei Untersuchungen mit dem Fragebogen PandA-Psy
Authors: Gersdorf Stefanie , Duden Gesa Solveig , Jenderny Sarah , Möller Julia , Steinhart Ingmar , Stengler Katarina
Published: April 2023

Ziel Erfassung COVID-19-Pandemie bedingter Veränderungen
psychiatrischer und psychosozialer Angebote und Auswirkungen auf die Versorgung
schwer psychisch erkrankter Menschen in zwei kontrastierenden Regionen.

Methodik Entwicklung und Einsatz eines Online-Fragebogens (PandA-Psy) in
Leipzig (N=50) und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (N=126).

Ergebnisse In der gemeindepsychiatrischen Versorgung der zwei Regionen
wurden vergleichbare Veränderungen festgestellt. Diese betreffen vor
allem Abnahme der Präsenzkontakte und Gruppenangebote, Zunahme von
digitalen und telefonischen Angeboten sowie die zunehmende Belastungssituation
der Mitarbeitenden. Unterschiede zwischen den Regionen werden diskutiert.

Schlussfolgerung Anhand von PandA-Psy konnten für den urbanen und
ländlichen Raum Veränderungen der psychiatrischen und
psychosozialen Angebote durch die COVID-19-Pandemie abgebildet werden. Dabei
wurden neben überwiegend negativen Konsequenzen der pandemischen
Ausnahmesituation auch aus der Krise erwachsende Chancen detektiert.
Ernährungsstrategie der Bundesregierung
Authors: Fabisch Gottlobe
Published: April 2023

Diabetes mellitus und Adipositas sind angesichts ungebremster Prävalenzen längst kein privates Problem mehr, sondern belasten die Solidargemeinschaft. Dass Verhaltensprävention gut und wichtig ist, aber nicht hinlänglich, um den Vormarsch von chronischen Erkrankungen wie Diabetes zu stoppen, betonen Diabetesverbände seit vielen Jahren und fordern Maßnahmen zur Verhältnisprävention ein.
Assessing Usability and Ambulatory Clinical Staff Satisfaction with Two Electronic Health Records
Authors: Lefchak Brian , Bostwick Susan , Rossetti Sarah , Shen Kenneth , Ancker Jessica , Cato Kenrick , Abramson Erika L. , Thomas Charlene , Gerber Linda , Moy Amanda , Sharma Mohit , Elias Jonathan
Published: April 2023

Background A growing body of literature has linked usability limitations within electronic health records (EHRs) to adverse outcomes which may in turn affect EHR system transitions. NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (CU), and Weill Cornell Medical College (WC) are a tripartite organization with large academic medical centers that initiated a phased transition of their EHRs to one system, EpicCare.

Objectives This article characterizes usability perceptions stratified by provider roles by surveying WC ambulatory clinical staff already utilizing EpicCare and CU ambulatory clinical staff utilizing iterations of Allscripts before the implementation of EpicCare campus-wide.

Methods A customized 19-question electronic survey utilizing usability constructs based on the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale was anonymously administered prior to EHR transition. Responses were recorded with self-reported demographics.

Results A total of 1,666 CU and 1,065 WC staff with ambulatory self-identified work setting were chosen. Select demographic statistics between campus staff were generally similar with small differences in patterns of clinical and EHR experience. Results demonstrated significant differences in EHR usability perceptions among ambulatory staff based on role and EHR system. WC staff utilizing EpicCare accounted for more favorable usability metrics than CU across all constructs. Ordering providers (OPs) denoted less usability than non-OPs. The Perceived Usefulness and User Control constructs accounted for the largest differences in usability perceptions. The Cognitive Support and Situational Awareness construct was similarly low for both campuses. Prior EHR experience demonstrated limited associations.

Conclusion Usability perceptions can be affected by role and EHR system. OPs consistently denoted less usability overall and were more affected by EHR system than non-OPs. While there was greater perceived usability for EpicCare to perform tasks related to care coordination, documentation, and error prevention, there were persistent shortcomings regarding tab navigation and cognitive burden reduction, which have implications on provider efficiency and wellness.
Comparison of Three Modalities of Feeding in Preterm Infants ≤32 Weeks and ≤1,250 G: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Thakur Anup , Garg Pankaj , Kler Neelam
Published: April 2023

Objective Early establishment of enteral feeds is desirable in very preterm infants, but it may be associated with feeding intolerance. Several feeding methods have been studied with no strong evidence to suggest the preferred feeding method to establish early full enteral feeds. We studied three modalities of feeding in preterm infants ≤32 weeks and ≤1,250 g: continuous infusion (CI), intermittent bolus by infusion (IBI), and intermittent bolus by gravity (IBG) for their effect on time to reach full enteral feeds of 180 mL/kg/d.

Study Design We randomized 146 infants, 49 infants in each CI and IBI group and 48 infants in the IBG group. In the CI group, feeds were delivered by an infusion pump continuously over 24 hours. In the IBI group, feeds were given every 2 hours and infused over 15 minutes by an infusion pump. In the IBG group, feeds were delivered by gravity over 10 to 30 minutes. The intervention was continued till infants reached direct breast/cup feeds.

Results The mean (standard deviation) gestation in CI, IBI, and IBG groups were 28.4 (2.2), 28.5(1.9), and 28.6 (1.8) weeks, respectively. The time to reach full feeds in CI, IBI, and IBG were not significantly different (median [interquartile range]: 13 [10–16], 11.5 [9–17], and 13 [9.5–14.2] d, respectively, p = 0.71). The proportions of infants who developed feeding intolerance in CI, IBI, and IBG were similar (n [%]: 21 [51.2%], 20 [52.6%], and 22 [64.7%], respectively, p = 0.45). There was no difference in necrotizing enterocolitis ≥2 (p = 0.80), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p = 0.86), intraventricular hemorrhage ≥2 (p = 0.35), patent ductus arteriosus requiring treatment (p = 0.44), retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment (p = 0.51), and growth parameters at discharge.

Conclusion In preterm infants, ≤32 weeks of gestation and birth weight ≤1,250 g, there was no difference in time to reach full enteral feeds in the three modalities of feeding. This study is registered with Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI) and the registration number is CTRI/2017/06/008792.

Key Points
Association between Acculturation and Obesity among Female Migrants in the United Arab Emirates: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Shah Syed M. , Paulo Marília Silva , Loney Tom , Nauman Javaid , Govender Romona D.
Published: April 2023

Introduction Emerging evidence suggests that the “healthy migrant effect” may diminish over time with increasing years of residency in the host country. However, few studies have documented the duration of residence associated with the prevalence of obesity among female migrants. This study examined the hypothesis that acculturation is associated with an increased prevalence of obesity among female migrants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the age of participants was 34.0 ± 9.9 years. The overall prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central adiposity was 30.0, 16.8, and 43.2%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central adiposity varied across nationalities, with 28.6, 6.9, and 30.3% among Filipinos; 30.1, 37.5, and 66.9% among Arabs; and 33.1, 17.3, and 72.4% among South Asians, respectively. After controlling for age, female migrants with ≥5 years of residence in the UAE were twice as likely to be overweight or obese (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.12 [95%confidence interval (CI): 1.05–4.27]) and having a central adiposity (aOR: 2.05 [95%CI: 1.09–3.84]) as compared with those with fewer years of residence. Female migrants who reported walking for ≤30 min/d were less likely to be overweight or obese (aOR: 0.41 [95%CI: 0.17–0.97]) or exhibit central adiposity (aOR: 0.21 [95%CI: 0.08, 0.59]).

Conclusion The findings of the study suggest that duration of residence among female migrants in the UAE is an indicator of acculturation and is associated with unfavorable changes in body composition. Public health programs should focus on promoting healthy lifestyle choices and physical activity among females in the UAE.
Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm of Gallbladder in a Middle-Aged Woman—A Rare Entity
Authors: Bhat Shubha Padmanabha , Abhiram Sreelakshmi , Teerthanath Srinivas
Published: April 2023

Intracholecystic papillary neoplasm of the gallbladder is a rare and relatively new entity in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of tumors of the digestive system. It mainly occurs in elderly women. It is an exophytic, granular, and friable mass seen in gallbladder mucosa, often mistaken clinically as sludge. We report a middle-aged female with abdominal pain and a vague mass in the right hypochondrium. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed a heterogeneously enhancing lesion in the gallbladder lumen extending from the fundus to the neck, causing an irregular luminal obstruction. Histopathological examination of the cholecystectomy specimen showed features of intracholecystic papillary neoplasm of biliary and oncocytic type with low-grade dysplasia.
Scheduled Postoperative Ketorolac Does Not Decrease Opiate Use following Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Sudduth Jack D. , Moss Whitney D. , Clinker Christopher , Marquez Jessica L. , Anderson Eric , Eddington Devin , Agarwal Jayant , Kwok Alvin C.
Published: April 2023

Background In the setting of the opioid crisis, managing postoperative pain without the exclusive use of opiates has become a topic of interest. Many hospitals have begun implementing enhanced recovery after surgery protocols to decrease postoperative complications, hospital costs, and opiate utilization. Ketorolac has been added to many of these protocols, but few studies have examined its effects independently.

Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients that received autologous breast reconstruction from October 2020 to June 2022 at an academic institution. We identified patients who did and did not receive postoperative ketorolac. Use of ketorolac was based upon surgeon preference. The two groups were compared in basic demographics, reconstruction characteristics, length of stay, complications, reoperations, and morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs).

Results One-hundred ten patients were included for the analysis, with 55 receiving scheduled postoperative ketorolac and 55 who did not receive ketorolac. There were seven incidences of postoperative complications in each group (12.7%, p = 1.00). The total mean postoperative MMEs were 344.7 for the nonketorolac group and 336.5 for the ketorolac group (p = 0.81). No variable was found to be independently associated with postoperative opiate use. Ketorolac was not found to contribute significantly to any postoperative complication.

Conclusion In this study, the use of ketorolac did not significantly reduce opiate use in a cohort of 110 patients. Surgeons should consider whether the use of ketorolac alone is the best option to reduce postoperative opiate use following free flap breast reconstruction.
Risk entanglement and the social relationality of risk
Authors: von Scheve Christian , Lange Markus
Published: April 2023

Relational accounts of risk explain variation in risk perception through situated cognitions defining risk as a relationship between “risk objects” and “objects at risk”. We extend this approach to include not only the relational constitution of cognitive risk objects, but also of the different actors assessing risk. Risk in this perspective is relational because it establishes a link between two different cognitive objects and between two (or more) actors. We argue that this is the case when at least two actors refer to a common risk object while retaining distinct objects at risk. We call this a constellation of risk entanglement across actors. We illustrate our theoretical arguments using data from 68 qualitative interviews and ethnographic fieldwork in the German finance-state nexus. Our analyses indicate how risk entanglement affects and transforms the fundamental logics according to which both of these fields operate.
Neutron interferometry using a single modulated phase grating
Authors: Hidrovo I. , Dey J. , Meyer H. , Hussey D. S. , Klimov N. N. , Butler L. G. , Ham K. , Newhauser W.
Published: April 2023

Neutron grating interferometry provides information on phase and small-angle scatter in addition to attenuation. Previously, phase grating moiré interferometers (PGMI) with two or three phase gratings have been developed. These phase-grating systems use the moiré far-field technique to avoid the need for high-aspect absorption gratings used in Talbot–Lau interferometers (TLI) that reduce the neutron flux reaching the detector. We first demonstrate, through theory and simulations, a novel phase grating interferometer system for cold neutrons that requires a single modulated phase grating (MPG) for phase-contrast imaging, as opposed to the two or three phase gratings in previously employed PGMI systems. The theory shows the dual modulation of MPG with a large period and a smaller carrier pitch P, resulting in large fringes at the detector. The theory was compared to the full Sommerfeld–Rayleigh diffraction integral simulator. Then, we proceeded to compare the MPG system to experiments in the literature that use a two-phase-grating-based PGMI with best-case visibility of around 39%. The simulations of the MPG system show improved visibility in comparison to that of the two-phase-grating-based PGMI. An MPG with a modulation period of 300 µm, the pitch of 2 µm, and grating heights with a phase modulation of (π,0, illuminated by a monochromatic beam produces visibility of 94.2% with a comparable source-to-detector distance (SDD) as the two-phase-grating-based PGMI. Phase sensitivity, another important performance metric of the grating interferometer, was compared to values available in the literature, viz. the conventional TLI with the phase sensitivity of 4.5 × 103 for an SDD of 3.5 m and a beam wavelength of 0.44 nm. For a range of modulation periods, the MPG system provides comparable or greater theoretical maximum phase sensitivity of 4.1 × 103 to 10.0 × 103 for SDDs of up to 3.5 m. This proposed MPG system appears capable of providing high-performance PGMI that obviates the need for the alignment of two phase gratings.
Changes in breakdown and charge migration of cellulose/oil composite after CO2 adsorption
Authors: Yu Jiachen , Qu Guanghao , Cui Huize , Zhao Feng , Yang Liuqing , Zhu Yuanwei , Li Shengtao
Published: April 2023

Greenhouse gas CO2 has rarely been used as an insulating gas in cellulose/oil insulated energy devices since the benefits of it on dielectric properties of cellulose/oil have yet to be known. This work reveals that CO2 can be adsorbed by unaged and aged cellulose, improving the breakdown strength of cellulose/oil composite. The traps introduced by CO2 adsorption are proved to be the key factor. The adsorption of CO2 makes shallow traps shallower, while making deep traps deeper. These changes in traps hinder the charge accumulation on dielectric surfaces and enhance the electron capture ability in the dielectric bulk. Moreover, the charge mobility and electrical conductivity of cellulose/oil composite increase after adsorbing CO2, while the surface potential is reduced. Therefore, the collisional ionization is hindered and further electrical breakdown is improved. In the meantime, the energy level distribution models of cellulose–air and cellulose–CO2 composites were comparably studied. This work is conducive to understanding the changes in electrical properties after CO2 adsorption and the prospects of CO2 in cellulose/oil insulation.
Plasma-free dry etching of (001) β-Ga2O3 substrates by HCl gas
Authors: Oshima Takayoshi , Oshima Yuichi
Published: April 2023

In this study, we dry etched SiO2-masked (001) β-Ga2O3 substrates in HCl gas flow at a high temperature without plasma excitation. The etching was done selectively in window areas to form holes or trenches with inner sidewalls of (100) and/or {310} facets, which are the smallest surface-energy-density plane and oxygen-close-packed slip planes, respectively. In particular, (100) faceted sidewalls were flat and relatively close to the substrate surface normal. Therefore, this simple dry etching method is promising for fabricating plasma-damage-free trenches and fins used for β-Ga2O3-based power devices.
A nonvanishing spectral gap for AKLT models on generalized decorated graphs
Authors: Lucia Angelo , Young Amanda
Published: April 2023

We consider the spectral gap question for Affleck, Kennedy, Lieb, and Tasaki models defined on decorated versions of simple, connected graphs G. This class of decorated graphs, which are defined by replacing all edges of G with a chain of n sites, in particular includes any decorated multi-dimensional lattice. Using the Tensor Network States approach from [Abdul-Rahman et al., Analytic Trends in Mathematical Physics, Contemporary Mathematics (American Mathematical Society, 2020), Vol. 741, p. 1.], we prove that if the decoration parameter is larger than a linear function of the maximal vertex degree, then the decorated model has a nonvanishing spectral gap above the ground state energy.
Epitaxial GaSb films directly grown on on-axis Si(001) with low defect density by MBE
Authors: Han Dong , Wei Wen-Qi , Ming Ming , Wang Zihao , Wang Ting , Zhang Jian-Jun
Published: April 2023

In recent years, GaSb-on-Si direct heteroepitaxy has been highly desirable to extend the operating wavelength range into mid-infrared and high-mobility applications, such as free-space communications, gas sensing, and hyperspectral imaging. High-quality GaSb films on Si remain challenging due to the high density of defects generated during the growth. For this purpose, epitaxial GaSb films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on on-axis Si(001). Due to the large lattice mismatch (12.2%) between GaSb and Si, here, we proposed a radical design and growth strategy with the primary objective of achieving the annihilation of antiphase boundaries (APBs) and the reduction of threading dislocation density (TDD). Benefitting from a V-grooved Si hollow structure, we demonstrated the growth of emerging-APB-free GaSb film on Si(001) with low mosaicity. Moreover, by introducing InGaSb/GaSb dislocation filtering layers, the atomically flat surface root mean square roughness is improved to 0.34 (on Si) and 0.14 nm (on GaAs/Si). Moreover, the corresponding TDD can be reduced to 3.5 × 107 and 2 × 107 cm−2, respectively, one order of magnitude lower than the minimum value found in the literature. These reported results are a powerful lever to improve the overall quality of epitaxial Si-based antimonide, which is of high interest for various devices and critical applications, such as laser diodes, photo-detectors, and solar cells.
Ab initio exploration of short-pitch skyrmion materials: Role of orbital frustration
Authors: Nomoto Takuya , Arita Ryotaro
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the skyrmion lattice phase with a short lattice constant has attracted attention due to its high skyrmion density, making it a promising option for achieving high-density storage memory and for observing novel phenomena like the quantized topological Hall effect. Unlike conventional non-centrosymmetric systems where the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction plays a crucial role, the short pitch skyrmion phase requires a quadratic magnetic interaction J(q) with a peak at finite-Q, and weak easy-axis magnetic anisotropy is also critical. Thus, conducting first-principles evaluations is essential for understanding the formation mechanism as well as for promoting the discovery of new skyrmion materials. In this Perspective, we focus on recent developments of the first-principles evaluations of these properties and apply them to the prototype systems GdT2X2 and EuT2X2, where T denotes a transition metal and X represents Si or Ge. In particular, based on the spin density functional theory with the Hubbard correction combined with the Liechtenstein method in the Wannier tight-binding model formalism, we first show that the Hubbard U and Hund’s coupling is essential to stabilize a skyrmion lattice state by enhancing the easy-axis anisotropy. We then discuss mechanisms of finite-Q instability and show that competition among Gd-5d orbitals determines whether ferromagnetism or a finite-Q structure is favored in GdT2Si2 with T= Fe and Ru. Our systematic calculations reveal that GdRu2X2, GdOs2X2, and GdRe2X2 are promising, while GdAg2X2, GdAu2X2, and EuAg2X2 are possible candidates as the skyrmion host materials. Analysis based on a spin spiral calculation for the candidate materials is also presented.
Implementation and validation of swept density reflectometry for integrated data analysis at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Stieglitz D. J. , Santos J. , Fischer R. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: April 2023

In the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade, Integrated Data Analysis (IDA) is used to infer plasma quantities, such as electron density, using heterogeneous data sources. Essential is forward modeling from the parameter space into the data space with physically reasonable models for probabilistic evaluation. This paper presents a new forward model for O-mode profile reflectometry, a necessary prerequisite for Bayesian inference and inclusion in IDA. An efficient forward model based on the analytic solution for a piece-wise linear density description allows IDA to overcome problems associated with the established determination of cut-off locations via Abel inversion and Bottollier-Curtet’s method. Instead of using a hard-coded initialization for densities below the first measured cut-off density, other diagnostics, such as the lithium beam, are used to analyze the shape of the initial part of the profile. Error propagation from the measured data, and other uncertain sources, to the uncertainties in the density profile and also its gradient is an intrinsic property of the probabilistic approach, which benefits from the joint analysis. Missing or ambiguous data do not prevent the profile evaluation, but only increase the uncertainty for densities in the affected range. Density profiles together with their uncertainties are determined by the joint analysis of complementary diagnostics, with the newly added reflectometry closing a gap in the outer core region. A stand-alone inversion based on the new forward model, including uncertainty quantification, is introduced, optionally providing an n(R) profile with uncertainties and a gradient. This method is a candidate for real-time analysis, providing error bars.
Defect-mediated diffusion of implanted Mg in GaN: Suppressing dopant redistribution by sequential thermal and microwave annealing
Authors: Meyers V. , Rocco E. , McEwen B. , Shevelev M. , Sklyar V. , Shahedipour-Sandvik F.
Published: April 2023

The diffusion behavior of Mg in Mg/N co-implanted GaN is investigated in response to a set of annealing conditions and methodologies, namely, 1000 °C/30 min thermal anneal, by high-temperature pulsed gyrotron microwave annealing at 1420 or 1500 °C, or by thermal and microwave annealing, sequentially. After 1000 °C annealing, the diffusion of Mg in GaN is found to be negligible, as measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Annealing by gyrotron microwave annealing alone induces the diffusion of Mg at a rate on the order of 10−12 cm2/s. However, the use of a thermal anneal before microwave gyrotron annealing reduces this rate by an order of magnitude to 10−13 cm2/s. We find that a model that considers Mg diffusion from an inhomogeneous medium that contains a defect-rich implanted region near-surface to a relatively pristine region below the implant range better explains the observed diffusion behavior than a conventional model that assumes a homogeneous medium. By analyzing the diffusion behavior using the Boltzmann–Matano method, we present a discussion of reduction in [VGa] by thermal annealing at 1000 °C, leading to a suppressed diffusion coefficient during subsequent high-temperature annealing relative to diffusion after 1420/1500 °C annealing alone. This effect holds potential for improvement in the precision of selectively doped regions for future applications based on the (Al)GaN material system. An improved field profile control in real devices can increase the breakdown and current-handling capabilities in power electronic applications.
Diamond nucleation in carbon films on Si wafer during microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition for quantum applications
Authors: Jayaseelan Vidhya Sagar , Singh Raj N.
Published: April 2023

Nucleation is important in processing of good quality diamond crystals and textured thin films by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) for applications in quantum devices and systems. Bias-enhanced nucleation (BEN) is one approach for diamond nucleation in situ during MPECVD. However, the mechanism of diamond nucleation by BEN is not well understood. This paper describes results on the nucleation of diamond within a carbon film upon application of electric field during the BEN-facilitated MPECVD process. The nature of the diamond film and nuclei formed is characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The HRTEM images and associated diffraction patterns of the nucleation layer show that the diamond nuclei are formed within the carbon film close to the Si (100) substrate surface under the influence of microwaves and electric fields that lead to formation of the textured diamond film and crystal upon further growth. These results are expected to develop diamond films of optimum quality containing a nitrogen-vacancy center for application in quantum systems.