bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Dapagliflozin on Systemic and Renal Vascular Function Display an Epigenetic Signature
Authors: Solini Anna , Seghieri Marta , Giannini Livia , Biancalana Edoardo , Parolini Federico , Rossi Chiara , Dardano Angela , Taddei Stefano , Ghiadoni Lorenzo , Bruno Rosa Maria
Published: June 2019

Context

Mechanisms mediating the cardiovascular and renal protection exerted by SGLT2 inhibitors are still partially unknown. We investigated whether dapagliflozin modulates systemic and renal vascular function and structure, and induces epigenetic modifications.

Subjects and Methods

Forty hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to 4-week treatment with dapagliflozin 10 mg or hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 12.5 mg. Routine analyses; plasma renin activity; aldosterone, catecholamine, and 24-hour urinary electrolyte levels; flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery; carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (PWV); augmentation index; and resistive index and dynamic renal resistive index (DRIN) were measured at baseline and after treatment. Circulating miRNAs (miRs) related to heart failure (miR30e-5p, miR199a-3p), endothelial dysfunction (miR27b and miR200b), and renal function (miR130b-3p, miR21-5p) were assessed and related to the effects of treatments.

Results

Dapagliflozin and HCT marginally lowered blood pressure. Fasting glucose was lowered, whereas 24-hour diuresis, glycosuria, and osmolar clearance were increased by dapagliflozin (P < 0.001 for all), without affecting sodium excretion and glomerular filtration rate. Magnesium levels significantly increased after dapagliflozin treatment (P = 0.02). Neither dapagliflozin nor HCT modified FMD or PWV. DRIN did not vary in the dapagliflozin group, whereas it increased in the HCT group (P = 0.047 for time by treatment interaction). Both treatments induced variations in the expression of some miRs; dapagliflozin, but not HCT, significantly up-regulated miR30e-5p and downregulated miR199a-3p.

Conclusion

A putative epigenetic regulation of the protecting cardiovascular effect exerted by SGLT2 inhibitors was found. Dapagliflozin might exert nephroprotection by preserving renal vasodilating capacity.
TheDrosophilaprotein, Nausicaa, regulates lamellipodial actin dynamics in a Cortactin-dependent manner
Authors: O'Connell Meghan E. , Sridharan Divya , Driscoll Tristan , Krishnamurthy Ipsita , Perry Wick G. , Applewhite Derek A.
Published: June 2019

Drosophila CG10915 is an uncharacterized protein coding gene with sequence similarity to human Cortactin Binding Protein 2 (CTTNBP2) and Cortactin Binding Protein 2 N-terminal-like (CTTNBP2NL). Here, we have named this gene Nausicaa (naus) and characterize it through a combination of quantitative live-cell total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, electron microscopy, RNAi depletion, and genetics. We found that Naus co-localizes with F-actin and Cortactin in the lamellipodia of Drosophila S2R+ and D25c2 cells and this localization is lost following Cortactin or Arp2/3 depletion or by mutations that disrupt a conserved proline patch found in its mammalian homologs. Using Permeabilization Activated Reduction in Fluorescence (PARF) and Fluorescence Recovery after Photo-bleaching (FRAP), we find that depletion of Cortactin alters Naus dynamics leading to a decrease in its half-life. Furthermore, we discovered that Naus depletion in S2R+ cells led to a decrease in actin retrograde flow and a lamellipodia characterized by long, unbranched filaments. We demonstrate that these alterations to the dynamics and underlying actin architecture also affect D25c2 cell migration and decrease arborization in Drosophila neurons. We present the hypothesis that Naus functions to slow Cortactin's disassociation from Arp2/3 nucleated branch junctions, thereby increasing both branch nucleation and junction stability.
Intraspecific variation in metabolic rate and its correlation with local environment in the Chinese scorpionMesobuthus martensii
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Gao-Ming , Zhang De-Xing
Published: June 2019

Scorpions are well known for their reduced resting metabolic rate (RMR) in comparison to typical arthropods. Since RMR is a key physiological trait linked with evolutionary fitness, it is expected that there may exist intraspecific RMR variation given the ecological and geographical heterogeneities across the distributional range of a species. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether RMR variation exists among scorpion populations. Here, we compared the RMR (VCO2) of 21 populations of the Chinese scorpion Mesobuthus martensii (Scorpiones: Buthidae) at 25℃ after at least 3 months of laboratory acclimation. The following results were obtained. First, there was significant difference in RMR between sexes, when weight effects were factored out. Second, significant local variation in RMR was detected by analyses of both variance and covariance, with one population showing significantly reduced RMR and another significantly increased RMR. Third, regression analysis indicated that the local mean temperature and mean annual days of rainfall were the two significant factors associated with the aforementioned inter-population difference in RMR. The implication of such an association was discussed.
StripandCkanegatively regulate JNK signalling duringDrosophilaspermatogenesis
Authors: La Marca John E. , Diepstraten Sarah T. , Hodge Amy , Wang Hongyan , Hart Adam H. , Richardson Helena E. , Somers W. Gregory
Published: June 2019

One fundamental property of a stem cell niche is the exchange of molecular signals between its component cells. Niche models, such as the Drosophila melanogaster testis, have been instrumental in identifying and studying the conserved genetic factors that contribute to niche molecular signalling. Here, we identify jam packed (jam), an allele of Striatin interacting protein (Strip), which is a core member of the highly conserved Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex. In the developing Drosophila testis, Strip cell-autonomously regulates the differentiation and morphology of the somatic lineage, and non-cell-autonomously regulates the proliferation and differentiation of the germline lineage. Mechanistically, Strip acts in the somatic lineage with its STRIPAK partner, Connector of kinase to AP-1 (Cka), where they negatively regulate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway. Our study reveals a novel role for Strip/Cka in JNK pathway regulation during spermatogenesis within the developing Drosophila testis.
HsSAS-6-dependent cartwheel assembly ensures stabilization of centriole intermediates
Authors: Yoshiba Satoko , Tsuchiya Yuki , Ohta Midori , Gupta Akshari , Shiratsuchi Gen , Nozaki Yuka , Ashikawa Tomoko , Fujiwara Takahiro , Natsume Toyoaki , Kanemaki Masato , Kitagawa Daiju
Published: June 2019

At the onset of procentriole formation, a structure called the cartwheel is formed adjacent to the pre-existing centriole. SAS-6 proteins are thought to constitute the hub of the cartwheel structure. However, the exact function of the cartwheel in the process of centriole formation has not been well characterized. In this study, we focused on the functions of human SAS-6 (HsSAS-6). Using in vitro reconstitution with recombinant HsSAS-6, we first observed its conserved molecular property forming the central part of the cartwheel structure. Furthermore, we uncovered critical functions of HsSAS-6 using a combination of an auxin-inducible SAS-6-degron system and super-resolution microscopy in human cells. Our results demonstrate that the HsSAS-6 is required not only for the initiation of centriole formation, but also for the stabilization of centriole intermediates. Moreover, after procentriole formation, HsSAS-6 is necessary for limiting Plk4 accumulation at the centrioles and thereby suppressing the formation of potential sites for extra procentrioles. Overall, these findings illustrate the conserved and fundamental functions of the cartwheel in centriole duplication.
Case Report: Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy: a case report
Authors: Zarei Mohammad , Mahmoudzadeh Raziyeh , Riazi-Esfahani Hamid
Published: June 2019

This article, to the best of our knowledge, reports the youngest typical case of pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy (PPRCA) reported to date. A 27-month-old girl presented with exodeviation in her right eye. She had normal birth and development with unremarkable family history. There were no inflammatory signs. In funduscopy, typical bilateral radial paravenous pigmentary changes and retinochoroidal atrophy were noticed in both eyes. The pigmentations consisted of coarse black pigmentations and fine subretinal yellowish round flecks. They arborized into the peripheral retina along the veins. Unaffected areas between the lesions seemed to be normal. Electroretinogram (ERG) responses showed mild to moderate reductions in both scotopic and photopic tests. Based on retinal examination and ERG findings PPRCA was diagnosed. On 16-month follow up, clinical and ERG findings were the same as the initial presentation. This case showed no progression during 16 months of follow up, which may indicate that primary congenital PPRCA with no inflammatory association may be a non-progressive disease.
Methodical Aspects of Research and Security in the Technosphere
Authors: Белов П. , Belov P.
Published: June 2019

The author’s point of view is presented, which includes modern methods of research and improvement of safety in the technosphere, based on a scientifically based concept and classification of objectively existing hazards in the technosphere, as well as the corresponding basic categories and principles.
Filter Characteristics of Porous Wire Gauze Partitions
Authors: Спиридонов В. , Spiridonov V. , Кирикова О. , Kirikova O. , Ельчанинов А. , El'chaninov A.
Published: June 2019

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the uneven distribution of the distances between the wires of the warp and weft in woven wire meshes with square cells used to clean gases and liquids from mechanical impurities in various branches of technology. On the basis of experimental data using the methods of probability theory, the regularity of the size distribution of the cells of these grids is determined. The length of its minimum side is chosen as the determining size of a square cell. The results of the conducted studies were used to estimate the fractional coefficient of the leakage of spherical particles through the mesh in the sieve mechanism of separation of these particles from the fluid flow. The probability of particle breakthrough through the grid is assumed to be equal to the fraction of the fluid flow passing through the cells, which determines the size of which is larger than the particle diameter. For experimental verification of the calculated values of the leakage coefficient for the sieve filtering mechanism, a preliminary analysis of the influence of the parameters of the hydrodynamic mode of fluid flow through the grid and the level of fluid contamination on the filtering mechanism was carried out. The results of experimental studies of the fractional leakage coefficient values obtained by the sieve filtering mechanism are compared with the calculated data.
Galvanic Metallisation: Best Available Technologies or Alternative Processes?
Authors: Никитина Елена , Nikitina Elena
Published: June 2019

The article provides a systemic analysis of environmental aspects of galvanic metallisation and examines a galvanising plant as a chemically hazardous facility using extremely/highly dangerous substances and creating a high risk of accidents and occupational diseases for the personnel. The indicators of energy and water consumption given in the article as well as the analysis of the consumption of chemical substances indicate irrationality in the use of energy and material resources. The article further shows that the best available technologies recommended for implementation in the Russian information and technical guide do not resolve environmental problems; a large part of electroplating processes are now outdated, even though many technological tasks involving the application of anticorrosive, special or decorative coatings could be performed in a more environmentally sound way. The article concludes by an overview of alternatives and innovations in the methods for the modification of surface properties
Evidence for the Feedback Role of Performance Measurement Systems
Authors: Anderson Shannon W. , Kimball Amanda
Published: June 2019

Performance measurement systems (PMSs) are used to diagnose and remediate problems, termed the “decision-facilitating” or feedback role of management control. We examine whether use of PMSs by individual decision makers is associated with better performance. Experimental studies have isolated individual-level effects of feedback on decision quality; however, it is difficult to extend these findings to natural settings. Archival and survey studies offer evidence on the association between the presence of PMSs and performance but have had limited success in measuring decision makers’ actual use of PMSs and addressing endogeneity of the decision to use PMSs. We use unobtrusively collected data on actual PMS use in 30 K–12 charter schools over three years to test whether teachers who make greater use of two PMSs are associated with greater growth in student learning. We find that teachers’ use of PMSs is associated with increased student learning, consistent with the premise that PMSs facilitate teacher interventions and improve student outcomes. The results are both statistically and materially significant, and they are better explained by PMS use than by selection effects of better teachers using PMSs. Consistent with the organization’s focus on “at-risk” students, the strongest effects of teachers’ use of one PMS are concentrated among the lowest-performing students. In sum, we find broad support for the thesis that the feedback role of PMSs is associated with meaningful performance improvement.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Unique Tarski Fixed Points
Authors: Marinacci Massimo , Montrucchio Luigi
Published: June 2019

We establish sufficient conditions that ensure the uniqueness of Tarski-type fixed points of monotone operators. A first set of results relies on order concavity, whereas a second one uses subhomogeneity. A few applications that illustrate our results are presented.
English teacher trainees’ changing views concerning the effective language teacher
Authors: Doró Katalin , T. Balla Ágnes
Published: June 2019

This paper reports on the reflections of a group of fourth year EFL teacher trainees on the changes they and their peers have experienced concerning their views on what constitutes an effective language teacher. The data collection from semi-structured interviews supports previous findings according to which teachers’ beliefs are continuously formed throughout their years of teacher training. Results suggest a mixture of influencing factors, including earlier school experiences, content delivered in methodology classes, their own student experiences at the university, their school visits and classroom observations and their early teaching experiences. These first-hand experiences shape both their student selves and emerging teacher selves. Trainees seem to be critical towards the negative models they see, but they also start viewing the positive examples as possible models to follow.
An Inherited Balanced Translocation Between Chromosomes 4 and 6 in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Case Report
Authors: Srilekha Avvari , Jyothy Akka , Sujatha Madireddi , Nallari Pratibha , Venkateshwari Ananthapur
Published: June 2019

Recurrent pregnancy loss is an important reproductive issue with a heterogeneous etiology where two or more consecutive abortions occur before 20 weeks of gestation. Approximately 15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies result in miscarriage with an incidence of 1 in 300 cases. Couples, who experience repeated pregnancy loss before three months of gestation, mostly have fetuses with chromosomal aneuploids. A non-consanguineous couple with a married life of 4 years was referred to the Institute with a clinical history of three first trimester abortions. Karyotype analysis revealed a balanced autosomal translocation between chromosomes 4 and 6 with 46, XX, t (4;6)(q35; q22) karyotype in the female and normal 46, XY in the male partner. Therefore, the siblings and the couple were suggested for extended genetic counseling. Interestingly, similar translocation was seen in her father and three sisters, whereas her mother and elder sister showed a normal chromosomal constitution, indicating the paternal inheritance.
Comparative analysis of diagnostic platforms for measurement of differentially methylated insulin DNA
Authors: J. Farr Ryan , K. M. Wong Wilson , Maynard Cody-lee , A. Tersey Sarah , G. Mirmira Raghavendra , A. Hardikar Anandwardhan , V. Joglekar Mugdha
Published: June 2019

Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been intensively investigated as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for various cancers. In recent years, presence of unmethylated insulin cfDNA in the circulation has been correlated with pancreatic β-cell death and risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Digital (d)PCR is an increasingly popular method of quantifying insulin cfDNA due to its ability to determine absolute copy numbers, and its increased sensitivity when compared to the more routinely used quantitative PCR. Multiple platforms have been developed to carry out dPCR. However, not all technologies perform comparably, thereby necessitating evaluation of each platform. Here, we compare two dPCR platforms: the QuantStudio 3D (QS3D, Applied Biosystems) and the QX200 (Bio-Rad), to measure copies of unmethylated/methylated insulin plasmids. The QS3D detected greater copy numbers of the plasmids than the QX200 (manual mode), whereas QX200 demonstrated minimal replicate variability, increased throughput, ease of use and the potential for automation. Overall, the performance of QX200, in our hands, was better suited to measure differentially methylated insulin cfDNA.
Detection of clinically relevant immune checkpoint markers by multicolor flow cytometry
Authors: A. Cunningham Rachel , Holland Martha , McWilliams Emily , Hodi Frank Stephen , Severgnini Mariano
Published: June 2019

As checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies gain traction among cancer researchers and clinicians, the need grows for assays that can definitively phenotype patient immune cells. Herein, we present an 8-color flow cytometry panel for lineage and immune checkpoint markers and validate it using healthy human donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometry data was generated on a BD LSR Fortessa and supported by Luminex multiplex soluble immunoassay. Our data showed significant variation between donors at both baseline and different stages of activation, as well as a trend in increasing expression of checkpoint markers on stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells with time. Soluble immune checkpoint quantification assays revealed that LAG-3, TIM-3, CTLA-4, and PD-1 soluble isoforms are upregulated after stimulation. This 8-color flow cytometry panel, supported here by soluble immunoassay, can be used to identify and evaluate immune checkpoints on T-lymphocytes in cryopreserved human PBMC samples. This panel is ideal for characterizing checkpoint expression in clinical samples for which cryopreservation is necessary.
Sustainable, Hydraulic-Lime-Limestone Binders for Construction
Authors: Pavía S. , Aly M.
Published: June 2019

This work intends to reduce the carbon footprint and increase the sustainability of hydraulic lime (HL) mortars and concretes, a growing market in both new building and refurbishment, by partially replacing HL with limestone. Limestone cements are widely used in the world. Portland cement (PC) is partially replaced with limestone to reduce the large carbon print of cement and improve sustainability. The effect of limestone in PC has been widely investigated; however, the effect of limestone in HL has not yet been investigated. HLs contain clinkers identical to those in PC; therefore, this article first reviews the effect of limestone in PC and then experimentally investigates its impact in HL. The results showed that limestone is active in HL. The limestone changed the microstructure of the HL paste and the nature of the phases formed upon hydration, with calcium carbosilicate hydrates (resulting from dicalcium silicate and calcium carbonate [C2S-CaCO3] reaction) and carboaluminate hydrates (resulting from tricalcium aluminate and calcium carbonate [C3A-CaCO3] reaction) growing on interfaces and in the matrix. Limestone replacement enhanced the performance of the HL by improving strength: a 10 % replacement increased HL strength (compressive by 36 % and flexural by 56 %). A 20 % replacement enhanced strength up to 125 and 40 days (compressive and flexural, respectively); therefore, the limestone replacement threshold is higher in HL than in PC. The rise in strength does not affect moisture and vapor permeability, and the composites remain ‘breathable.’ Contrary to PC, limestone reduces the water demand of HL mortars. The superior strength of the limestone-filled HL mortars is attributed to their lower water demand, an increase of early hydrates, and their placement—strengthening transition zones and interparticle links.
Factors Associated With Management of Pediatric Ovarian Neoplasms
Authors: Lawrence Amy E. , Gonzalez Dani O. , Fallat Mary E. , Aldrink Jennifer H. , Hewitt Geri D. , Hertweck S. Paige , Onwuka Amanda , Bence Christina , Burns Robert C. , Dillon Patrick A. , Ehrlich Peter F. , Fraser Jason D. , Grabowski Julia E. , Hirschl Ronald B. , Kabre Rashmi , Kohler Jonathan E. , Lal Dave R. , Landman Matthew P. , Leys Charles M. , Mak Grace Z. , Sato Thomas T. , Scannell Madeline , Sujka Joseph A. , Minneci Peter C. , Deans Katherine J.
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

Available evidence supports ovary-sparing surgery for benign ovarian neoplasms; however, preoperative risk stratification of pediatric ovarian masses can be difficult. Our objective of this study was to characterize the surgical management of pediatric ovarian neoplasms across 10 children’s hospitals and to identify factors that could potentially aid in the preoperative risk stratification of these lesions.

METHODS:

A retrospective review of girls and women aged 2 to 21 years who underwent surgery for an ovarian neoplasm between 2010 and 2016 at 10 children’s hospitals was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between the preoperative cohort characteristics, procedure performed, and risk of malignancy.

RESULTS:

Among 819 girls and women undergoing surgery for an ovarian neoplasm, malignant lesions were identified in 11%. The overall oophorectomy rate for benign disease was 33% (range: 15%–49%) across institutions. Oophorectomy for benign lesions was independently associated with provider specialty (P = .002: adult gynecologist, 45%; pediatric surgeon, 32%; pediatric gynecologist, 18%), premenarchal status (P = .02), preoperative suspicion for malignancy (P < .0001), larger lesion size (P < .0001), and presence of solid components (P < .0001). Preoperative findings independently associated with malignancy included increasing size (P < .0001), solid components (P = .003), and age (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The rate of oophorectomy for benign ovarian disease remains high within the pediatric population. Identification of factors associated with the choice of procedure and the risk of malignancy may allow for improved preoperative risk stratification and fewer unnecessary oophorectomies. These results have been used to develop and validate a multidisciplinary preoperative risk stratification algorithm that is currently being studied prospectively across 10 institutions.
A STUDY ON BREAKDOWN PROPERTIES OF COCONUT OIL
Authors: Dung Nguyen Van , Trung Nguyen Hoai
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the results of electric breakdown properties of coconut oil with AC voltage. Experimental results show that breakdown voltage of new coconut oil is comparable to that of mineral oil. Ageing was seen to significantly affect the breakdown voltage of both coconut oil and mineral oil. However, influence extent of ageing on the breakdown voltage was higher for mineral oil. The antioxidant was seen to reduce the breakdown voltage of new coconut oil, but raised the breakdown voltage of aged coconut oil. The V-t characteristic of coconut oil is not as good as that of mineral oil.
The media of Consumption and the Consumption of time: How a consumer in fast-paced economy use traditional and new media tools
Authors: Nhedzi Abyshey
Published: June 2019

Research is ongoing about how the New Media impact on Traditional Media. Despite rapid change in the options for how we can interact with and consume media, some of our preferences for needs to consume have not shifted dramatically. This research aims to investigate the patterns of media consumption, and assesses the amount of time people allocate to different media. The study is informed by uses and gratifications theory (UGT), channel complementarity theory and time allocation theory. The article looks at the amount of time spent reading newspapers and magazines, watching television, listening to the radio, using the old or new media, and activities online and offline while at work or out of the work. It investigates whether traditional media are still relevant in this new media environment and identifies consumption practices. A survey was held among consumers who have various media experiences (N = 400) – and for the first time in Zimbabwe. Differences between consumers (media users) using traditional media channels and those using new media platforms are identified and discussed. However, some challenges exist, such as the limited number of Apple iPads and tablets. These findings implied that targeting the millennials remains a challenge as respondents are fragmented across various media platforms.
A emergência dos smart speakers: desafios e oportunidades para o rádio no contexto do big data
Authors: Kischinhevsky Marcelo , Lopez Debora Cristina
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo, de caráter exploratório, analisa a emergência dos smart speakers e a reintermediação que o dispositivo opera no mercado de mídia sonora, num contexto de crescente investimento corporativo em big data. No percurso, são elencados os desafios no horizonte e as oportunidades para as tradicionais emissoras de rádio, que precisarão se tornar parceiras de gigantes de tecnologia para assegurar um lugar de destaque no novo ecossistema midiático, em que hábitos de escuta antes solidamente estabelecidos são redesenhados. Além de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores de duas emissoras brasileiras que vêm investindo na distribuição de conteúdos radiofônicos por meio de assistentes de voz, permitindo-nos refletir sobre o papel que estes novos intermediários podem vir a desempenhar no mercado de mídia sonora.
Tay is you. The attribution of responsibility in the algorithmic culture.
Authors: Suárez-Gonzalo Sara , Mas-Manchón Lluís , Guerrero-Solé Frederic
Published: June 2019

Social media have changed the communication practices by creating an acute need for continuous interaction. The use of social chatbots is growing as an effective way to communicate with publics. Bots have become social actors and then, someone must account for their actions. Since responsibility is bounded to agency and rationality, it cannot be directly attributed to bots. Who should be held responsible for non-human beings’ actions, particularly when the consequences of these actions are negative?
We address this controversy from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Firstly, we discuss the adequacy of the notions of moral responsibility and accountability regarding non-human artificial agents, as they are ruled by complex, intentionally opaque and unpredictable interactions and processes. We do it from the two approaches currently predominant: context-dependent and structuralist. Secondly, we draw on the assumption that the failure of a computer system is an opportunity to gain knowledge about the interested powers behind its design and functioning. Then, taking the concept of media frame as an implicit way of spotting the agent of the story, we perform an exploratory analysis on how responsibility was attributed by the media in the paradigmatic case of the transformation of Tay, a chatbot launched by Microsoft in 2016, turned into a racist, Nazi and homophobic hate speaker.
Our results illustrate the difficulties media experienced in consistently attributing the responsibility for the chatbots’ malfunction. Results show the discourse is, in general, simplistic, non-critical and misleading, and tends to depict a reality that favors business’s interests. We conclude that, while all the actors interacting with the chatbot share the responsibility of its actions, it is only Microsoft who must account for these actions, both retrospectively and prospectively.
Notícias televisivas e públicos infantis: o porquê da aposta em jornalismo segmentado para as crianças
Authors: Silveira Patrícia
Published: June 2019

Estudos recentes documentam a presença das notícias no quotidiano dos públicos infantis, mostrando que estes conteúdos são importantes para o seu conhecimento do mundo e a sua socialização (Alon-Tirosh & Lemish, 2014; Delorme, 2013; Silveira, 2019). No contexto português, são ainda escassas as pesquisas desenvolvidas sobre esta problemática, pelo que desenvolvemos este estudo com o objetivo de analisar a natureza das interações entre as crianças e as notícias. Metodologicamente, esta investigação envolveu a aplicação de inquéritos por questionário e a dinamização de grupos de foco junto de crianças a frequentar o ensino primário nas escolas do Concelho de Paredes (Distrito do Porto). Os resultados mostram que as crianças contactam habitualmente com a atualidade, sobretudo pela televisão, juntamente com a família, embora demonstrem pouco interesse em seguir certas notícias. Os resultados evidenciam que as crianças desejam contactar com notícias mais adequadas aos seus gostos e às suas capacidades de compreensão. Posto que a televisão se constitui como o meio privilegiado para as famílias e, consequentemente, os públicos infantis, acompanharem a atualidade, julgamos que as conclusões apontadas no artigo poderão servir para informar as empresas mediáticas e outros agentes sobre aspetos a considerar no desenvolvimento de espaços informativos concebidos para os mais novos.
Why “Reply All” Can Push All the Wrong Buttons
Authors: McGee Sharon , Clemons Mark , Joy Anil Abraham , Hilton John , Jeong Ahwon , Robinson Andrew
Published: June 2019

Technology has changed the way medicine is practiced. This commentary considers the effect of digital communications and offers advice on e-mail etiquette.
Evaluation of seismic site response of submarine clay canyons using centrifuge modelling
Authors: Tarazona Samuel Felipe Mollepaza , Almeida Maria Cascão Ferreira de , Bretschneider Alberto , Almeida Marcio de Souza Soares de , Escoffier Sandra , Borges Ricardo Garske
Published: June 2019

The morphological features of submarine canyons significantly modify the amplitude, duration and frequency content of free-field seismic ground motions. This paper examines the influence of these morphological features through a series of seismic centrifuge tests on kaolin clay models with canyon sloping angles of 15, 30 and 45°. These tests were performed using the IFSTTAR (the French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks) geotechnical centrifuge at an acceleration of 40g by applying a set of dynamic excitations, varying in amplitude and frequency content. The response of the clay canyon models was monitored by means of accelerometers and pore-pressure transducers. In-flight characterisation was performed on each clay model with bender element and T-bar tests prior to the application of seismic excitations. The study shows that the topographic shape of the canyon can substantially affect peak values and the frequency content of the free-field motions along the slope surface. Low-intensity seismic excitations and frequency contents along with the dominant frequency of the soil deposit were found to cause substantial amplification. In addition, the reduction of the shear modulus and the corresponding increase in damping tend to increase the fundamental site period.
Kommunalrecht
Authors: Burgi Martin
Published: June 2019

Das Studienbuch behandelt den Pflichtfachstoff im Kommunalrecht unter Berücksichtigung der unterschiedlichen Landesgesetze. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Rechtslage der Gemeinden. Dazu werden deren Verhältnis zum Staat sowie deren eigene spezifische Organisationsstruktur behandelt. Weitere Schwerpunkte der Darstellung bilden kommunale Satzungen, öffentliche Einrichtungen und wirtschaftliche Betätigung einschließlich der Privatisierung. Besonderer Wert wird auch auf die Bezüge zu anderen Rechtsgebieten gelegt.

Durch einen klaren Aufbau, eine eingängige Diktion, Prüfungsschemata sowie zahlreiche Beispiele wird das schwierige Rechtsgebiet verständlich und plastisch dargestellt. Entsprechend den Anforderungen in Klausur und Praxis wird dabei häufig von spezifischen Problemen der Zulässigkeit und Begründetheit verwaltungsgerichtlicher Klagen ausgegangen. Am Ende eines jeden Abschnitts befindet sich eine ausführliche Dokumentation des aktuellen Schrifttums.

Der Band eignet sich nicht nur für Studenten und Referendare, sondern gibt auch Praktikern und Kommunalpolitikern einen konzentrierten Überblick.
Dual use of leucaena for bioenergy and animal feed in Thailand
Authors: Tudsri Sayan , Chotchutima Songyos , Nakamanee Karnda , Kangwansaichol Kunn
Published: June 2019

Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Leucaena is a dual-purpose plant suitable for producing both biofuel and feed for livestock (dairy and beef cattle, buffalo and goats). It has a high woody stem yield under repeated cutting and has a suitable chemical composition for excellent heat generation on combustion. Yields of leaf, which is a by-product of this process, are also high and the leaf has high nutritive value as an animal feed. Tarramba appears the highest yielding cultivar available, and many hybrid lines show excellent potential. Plant spacing of 1 × 0.50 m is recommended with cutting not more frequently than once a year. Harvesting of the crop should be carried out as a compromise between the needs for biofuel and livestock feed. On infertile soils application of at least 750 kg triple superphosphate, 188 kg KCl and 188 kg gypsum/ha/yr is recommended. Some limitations on growing and the management of leucaena are discussed.
Household paraffin consumption in four areas: Benoni, Galeshewe, Gugulethu and Lady Grey
Authors: Roberts E , Wentzel M
Published: June 2019

The perception still exists amongst decision makers that paraffin consumption will decrease with increased rates of electrification. Electricity is only added to the fuel mix used by households. Although paraffin is often perceived to be a more affordable fuel than electricity, households spend more of their monthly income on buying paraffin than any other fuel. Although the baseline survey from which the data was derived was not conducted primarily to confirm paraffin consumption patterns of households, it still illustrates the prevailing use and high expenditure on the fuel.
Stainless steel finned tube heat exchanger design for waste heat recovery
Authors: Wipplinger KPM , Harms TM , Taylor AB
Published: June 2019

Around the world the implementation of heat recovery systems play an increasingly important role in the engineering industry. Recovered energy is utilised in production plants (especially in the food industry) and saves companies millions in expenses per year. Waste heat recovery associated with hydrocarbon combustion in the transport industry is identified as a significantly under-utilised energy resource. The aim of this project was to investigate the recovery of waste heat in a small scale system for the purpose of electrical conversion in order to serve as a secondary energy source. A theoretical analysis concerning the design and construction of the system, utilising researched theory and a control-volume-based simulation program of the recovery system, is presented. It was found that heat exchangers for the required duty are not readily available in South Africa. A high pressure, cross flow, stainless steel finned tube heat exchanger with a water side pressure rating of 2 MPa was therefore designed and constructed. By using the exhaust gases of a continuous combustion unit as an energy source and water as the working fluid, efficiencies of up to 74% in direct steam generation testing were obtained.
Possible developments in energy conversion using liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Kapooria Raj Kumar
Published: June 2019

Liquid metal magneto-hydrodynamic-energy-conversion (LMMHDEC) systems have been a matter of great interest and research & development since 1960. The various states of design and development of such systems go through a step-by-step progress with time. This paper highlights the phenomenon of direct thermal energy conversion systems using liquid metal as an electrodynamics fluid and gas/vapour as a thermodynamic fluid. An analysis of the technological drawbacks responsible for low efficiency of these LMMHDEC systems along with possible R & D solutions have been discussed in this technical research paper. The separation of electrodynamics fluid from thermodynamic fluid at various stages of MHD conversion remained an efficiency challenge of the various types of systems. To meet this challenge, a Dual-cycle MHD system has been designed in this paper. Both the fluids viz. thermodynamic and electrodynamics go through a phase change in this cycle. The thermal efficiency is optimized when one fluid goes into a phase change during a cycle and another fluid does not experience any phase change. The information covered in this paper enables an overview of concepts and the background to choose a cycle for a given temperature range.
Assessing regulatory performance: The case of the Namibian electricity supply industry
Authors: Kapika Joseph , Eberhard Anton
Published: June 2019

The power sector reforms that commenced in the 1990s led to the establishment of independent electricity regulators in more than twenty countries across Africa. The main purpose for these institutions was to create greater transparency in tariff setting and provide increased certainty for investors. At the same time regulators are charged with the protection of the interests of current and future consumers of electricity. During the initial stages of reform it was the expectation that the state owned incumbents that were traditionally vertically integrated would be unbundled and privatised. In practice there have been very few privatisations and what have emerged are hybrid markets where state-owned utilities remain dominant with independent power producers on the margin. In these markets regulation is a complex melting pot of incentivising the performance of state-owned utilities, attraction of private sector investment especially to fill gaps in generation capacity and making sensitive pricing decisions. Recognising that regulation is beginning to establish a track record, the African Electricity Regulator Peer Review and Learning Network, an initiative of the University of Cape Town, Graduate School of Business provides an opportunity for high level learning through the assessment of regulatory performance. We detail an assessment of regulation in Namibia where we find prices transitioning to cost reflectivity but question the sustainability of current arrangements in the distribution of electricity and the country’s long-term generation adequacy.
Method for Assessing the Distance to the Underwater Object of the Curvature of the Wave Front in the Conditions of Exposure to Correlated Noise
Authors: Shostak Sergei V. , Starodubtsev Paul A. , Aliafanov Roman N.
Published: June 2019

The article presents the results of the substantiation of a new method for estimating the distance to any underwater object or physical phenomenon based on the curvature of the wave front in terms of the impact on the measuring sonar system of correlated noise. At the same time, the main task of space-time signal processing is the analysis of the resulting wave field to determine the position of a spatial object, which is represented by a point model of a reflecting (radiating) object, which creates a spherical wave in a homogeneous unlimited medium. Such a model is fundamental for analyzing signals from real sea objects, since in many cases these objects are well described by the model in the form of a certain set of “bright” points. In this case, the curvature of the wave front can be used to determine the distance to the object when it is in the Fresnel zone relative to the receiving antenna array, which allows for independent processing along the time and spatial coordinates
The Methodology of the Department of Fuel and Energy Resources of the Enterprise Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Osipova Valeriya Е. , Yakovlev Dmitrij А.
Published: June 2019

The paper proposed an effective model of management of fuel and energy enterprises, developed on the basis of fuzzy logic, allowing to minimize the risks associated with incorrect forecasting of energy consumption, allowing to consider not only quantitative but also qualitative indicators of the enterprise
Researches of the of Gas Expiring From the Vortex Jet Gripping Device on the Flat Barrier
Authors: Konischeva Olga V. , Bryuhoveckaya Elena V. , Kudryavcev Ilya V.
Published: June 2019

The interaction of the twisted stream of gas expiring from the vortex jet gripping device on a plane barrier is considered. The developed mathematical model allows defining a pattern of a current of a flow in the device camera, and also in a zone of contact with the retained object. Rarefaction in the field of capture and influence of different parameters on its value is defined. Value of forces of suction of a stream of compressed air allowing to retain a plane disk is received
The Prospects of Utilizing the Modified Sorption Material to Intensify Purification of Waste Water from Electroplating Production
Authors: Dubrovskaya Olga G. , Kulagin Vladimir A. , Matyushenko Anatoly I. , Bobrik Anastasiya G.
Published: June 2019

One of the sources of environmental pollution with hazardous substances, primarily heavy metals, is the electroplating industry. The prevention of pollution of water bodies with wastewater containing heavy metal ions is closely related to reducing the consumption of fresh water for the technological needs of production and to reducing the amount of effluent. One of the solutions to this problem is to create low-waste and waste-free environmentally safe technological processes of wastewater treatment using treated effluents in the recirculation system, which reduces the negative impact on the environment. The results of studying the sorption properties of the natural modified mineral Akdolit-Gran prove a high efficiency of this sorption filling when conditioning electroplating shop effluents contaminated with a complex of heavy metals. Taking into account a relatively low cost of this natural mineral, Akdolit-Gran has the advantages in terms of its economic feasibility, plus the high degree of extraction of metals using this sorbent together with its low consumption allows designing recirculation systems for industrial enterprises meeting the requirements for physical and chemical parameters of service water
Retracted Article: Application of 3D printing technology in orthopedic medical implant - Spinal surgery as an example
Authors: Zhang Rong Feng , Wang Peng Yun , Yang Ming , Dong Xuebo , Liu Xue , Sang Yiguang , Tong An
Published: June 2019

Additive manufacturing has been used in complex spinal surgical planning since the 1990s and is now increasingly utilized to produce surgical guides, templates, and more recently customized implants. Surgeons report beneficial impacts using additively manufactured biomodels as pre-operative planning aids as it generally provides a better representation of the patient’s anatomy than on-screen viewing of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, it has proven to be very beneficial in surgical training and in explaining complex deformity and surgical plans to patients/ parents. This paper reviews the historical perspective, current use, and future directions in using additive manufacturing in complex spinal surgery cases. This review reflects the authors’ opinion of where the field is moving in light of the current literature. Despite the reported benefits of additive manufacturing for surgical planning in recent years, it remains a high niche market. This review raises the question as to why the use of this technology has not progressed more rapidly despite the reported advantages – decreased operating time, decreased radiation exposure to patients intraoperatively, improved overall surgical outcomes, pre-operative implant selection, as well as being an excellent communication aid for all medical and surgical team members. Increasingly, the greatest benefits of additive manufacturing technology in spinal surgery are customdesigned drill guides, templates for pedicle screw placement, and customized patient-specific implants. In view of these applications, additive manufacturing technology could potentially revolutionize health care in the near future.
REPRESENTATION OF MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS IN THE ONTOLOGY OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Authors:   Dorodnicyn Computing Centre FRC CSC of RAS, Muromskiy A. , Tuchkova N. ,   Dorodnicyn Computing Centre FRC CSC of RAS
Published: June 2019

Features of mathematical data domains in the context of creation of ontology of scientific data domains are considered. Examples from the developed thesaurus on the equations of the mixed type from the section of the equations with partial equations of mathematical physics are given. Special attention is paid to questions of representation and relevant support of the thesaurus of the addressee. It is offered to use specialized thesauruses where along with definitions in a natural language there are character expressions. This approach allows to specify a request, using mathematical entry in the TeX-notation irrespective of original language that leads to reduction of search noise and reduction of search time. The issue of why there is still insufficient amount of mathematical thesauruses created and their necessity for digital libraries along with other information resources is discussed. The example of creation of a thesaurus for separate mathematical data domain is given. The special difficulty consists in the description of the taxonomy (genus and species relations) in mathematical subject domains, one of the possible versions of the description of these communications for the equation of the mixed type is proposed.
Использование активных методов обучения для формирования навыков применения технологий ревеню-менеджмента в Российской Федерации
Authors: Костин Константин Борисович , Полынцев Павел Сергеевич
Published: June 2019

В статье представлен план-конспект учебного занятия для развития навыков применения методов ревеню-менеджмента на практике. План-конспект составлен согласно принципам активных методов обучения, предполагающих снабжение обучающихся общей информацией. Активная часть связана с самостоятельным изучением материала, в котором продемонстрировано применение методов управления доходами, и управленческой задачей, направленной на разработку принципов функционирования российской авиакомпании с целью повышения показателей эффективности работы.