bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It's always sunny in Brazil: images, stereotypes, ignorance, and the country’s international status
Authors: Buarque Daniel
Published: February 2024

Brazil is an emerging country with tremendous potential and the ambition to become a major player in global politics. Achieving high international status, however, depends not only on aspiration, but on the intersubjective perceptions of states that are already established as great powers. Brazil’s rise is connected not only to its attributes of power but to how the country is perceived by others. This article advances the study of Brazil’s status by analyzing the image of the country according to the perceptions of the foreign policy community of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. It contributes to International Relations scholarship by addressing the relation between images of a nation and its level of prestige. The article argues that knowledge about Brazil is limited even among global elites and is mostly associated with superficial stereotypes.
Vale quanto pesa? A influência das eleições de governador sobre a composição da Câmara dos Deputados no Brasil (1994-2018)
Authors: Alves Vinícius Silva
Published: February 2024

Por mais de duas décadas, dois partidos protagonizaram a competição presidencial no Brasil, o que levou parte da literatura a considerar que o sistema partidário nacional estaria centrado na corrida presidencial. Estudos recentes, porém, têm destacado a influência do arranjo federativo e de eleições subnacionais para o entendimento do sistema político brasileiro. Este artigo emprega um modelo de regressão binomial negativo para examinar dados eleitorais de 1994 a 2018 e testar a hipótese de que as eleições para governador são mais influentes do que a corrida presidencial na distribuição de assentos na Câmara dos Deputados. Destacam-se os seguintes resultados: (i) liderar uma coligação presidencial não acresce o número de cadeiras conquistadas na Câmara; (ii) lançar candidatos a governador amplia a quantidade de deputados federais eleitos por cada partido.
Fatores associados a hospitalizações e óbitos de gestantes paranaenses por COVID-19: estudo transversal
Authors: Bergantini Larissa Silva , Ichisato Sueli Mutsumi Tsukuda , Salci Maria Aparecida , Birolim Marcela Maria , Santos Márcia Lorena Alves dos , Höring Carla Franciele , Rossa Roberta , Facchini Luiz Augusto
Published: February 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à hospitalização em enfermaria e unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), e ao óbito pela COVID-19 em gestantes com caso confirmado. Métodos: Pesquisa observacional, transversal, realizada com dados de gestantes com caso confirmado para COVID-19 provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe e do Sistema Estadual Notifica COVID-19, do Paraná. Investigou-se a associação entre variáveis independentes e dependentes (hospitalização em enfermaria e UTI, e óbito) pelo modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: 4.719 gestantes compuseram a população do estudo; 9,6 e 5,1% foram hospitalizadas em enfermaria e UTI, respectivamente; 1,9% evoluíram para óbito. Houve associação entre a idade materna avançada e internação em enfermaria (RP=1,36; IC95% 1,10–1,62) e UTI (RP=2,25; IC95% 1,78–2,71), e óbito (RP=3,22; IC95% 2,30–4,15). Verificou-se associação entre o terceiro trimestre gestacional e hospitalização em enfermaria (RP=5,06; IC95% 2,82–7,30) e UTI (RP=6,03; IC95% 3,67–8,39) e óbito (RP=13,56; IC95% 2,90–24,23). O segundo trimestre associou-se à internação em UTI (RP=2,67; IC95% 1,36–3,99). Gestantes com cardiopatia apresentaram maior frequência de hospitalização em enfermaria (RP=2,24; IC95% 1,43–3,05) e UTI (RP=2,66; IC95% 1,46–3,87). A obesidade foi associada à admissão em UTI (RP=3,79; IC95% 2,71–4,86) e ao óbito (RP=5,62; IC95% 2,41–8,83). Conclusão: A idade materna avançada, o final do período gestacional e comorbidades foram fatores associados a quadros graves de COVID-19.
Preventive behavior against covid-19 and its relationship with the social and health conditions of older adults
Authors: Dias Isabella Risi , Janhaque Vitória Rocha , Vilas-Boas Vanessa Aparecida , Fusco Suzimar de Fatima Benato , Nunes Daniella Pires
Published: February 2024

Abstract Objective To delineate the profile of preventive behavior against covid-19 adopted by older adults and investigate its correlation with social and health conditions. Method A cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with 72 individuals (≥ 60 years) enrolled in an Open University for Older Adults in the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were contacted via telephone from November 2020 to June 2021. A total of 11 preventive measures were scrutinized to identify the behaviors adopted by older adults against covid-19. Data analysis employed principal component analysis, Pearson's chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact tests, with a confidence level of 95%. Results The adoption of preventive behaviors was assessed through activities such as hand hygiene with soap and water, use of hand sanitizer, wearing facial masks, and practicing social distancing. The majority of individuals reported the adoption of preventive behaviors (79.2%), and it was observed that those with incomes below four minimum wages exhibited higher proportions of compliance (87.5%) compared to individuals with incomes exceeding 10 minimum wages (46.2%) (p=0.038). Conclusion Preventive measures against covid-19 were embraced by the older adults, influenced by income. The findings underscore the significance of educational strategies for fostering health preventive behaviors, taking into account the social context.
A terceirização fragmenta, a luta unifica: a unificação sindical como um caminho para o enfrentamento à terceirização
Authors: Porto Neto Josias de Oliveira
Published: February 2024

Resumo Este artigo aprofunda as reflexões de um estudo de caso que tem como objeto a relação entre: (i) uma greve no ramo do cultivo de eucalipto no estado da Bahia; (ii) um processo parcial de reversão das terceirizações (primarizações) no mesmo setor. O artigo parte de uma discussão teórica sobre o papel da terceirização dentro da estratégia atual de dominação do capital sobre o trabalho. Na sequência, trata da relação entre a terceirização e o sindicalismo, abordando as suas implicações para a organização e resistência dos trabalhadores. Em seguida, realiza uma breve reconstituição da greve e da luta pela primarização. Para isso, se baseia em uma pesquisa de campo (entrevistas com dez sindicalistas) e documental. A análise conduz à conclusão de que uma característica central do sindicato trabalhista foi essencial para o relativo êxito da greve no enfrentamento à terceirização: a organização conjunta entre trabalhadores terceirizados e nucleares.
Impact of aluminum phosphide on development of the forensically important fly, Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Tony Mahran , Zahra Abdullah , Abdellah Nora Zeidan , Abdelreheem Abdelbaset Mohamed Ahmed , Abdel-Samad Mohammad Reda Kamel
Published: February 2024

Abstract Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae) is among the earliest successional fauna on human and animal cadavers. Some immature Calliphoridae can be useful for determination of post-mortem interval. Toxins, particularly pesticides, can affect the rate of insect growth. Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is an affordable insecticide that has not been adequately entomotoxicologically evaluated. So, the impact of AlP on the developmental rate of different stages of C. albiceps was investigated. Larvae of C. albiceps were reared on the rabbit carcasses containing AlP as a treated group, and distilled water as a control group. The substances were administered by a gastric tube. The duration needed for development of C. albiceps stages was documented. Body length, width and weight of larvae were measured after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h from egg hatching. The duration of development increased significantly in the treated group compared to the control group. Larvae body measurements were significantly smaller in the treated group than in the control group. Therefore, it was demonstrated that AlP significantly influences the size of C. albiceps larvae and extends their development. During forensic application, interpretation of C. albiceps data should be used with caution when aluminum phosphide may be the cause of death.
Therapeutic success and failure in using miltefosine to treat dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum
Authors: Gonçalves Gustavo , Campos Monique Paiva de , Gonçalves Alessandra Silva , Figueiredo Fabiano Borges
Published: February 2024

Abstract In urban environments, domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are a major reservoir for the parasite Leishmania infantum. Miltefosine has been used as the standard treatment for canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. However, therapeutic failures have been reported. In the present study, two dogs (CG03 and CG06) with a diagnosis of infection by L. infantum underwent two cycles of treatment with miltefosine (Milteforan™ - Virbac®). Analyses showed increases in the parasite load of both CG03 and CG06, even after treatment. The clinical score of CG03 dropped from 1 to 0 (after one round of treatment), such that this dog became asymptomatic. CG06 showed clinical worsening, such that its score increased from 1 to 2. After the second therapeutic round, the parasite load in CG03 was found to have decreased, but it was still higher than before drug treatment even though this dog was physically asymptomatic. There was no decrease in the parasite load in CG06 and there was clinical worsening. The clinical response of these dogs to the treatment differed, but the parasite load remained high in both cases, which poses a risk to public health, making it essential take measures to prevent the sandfly vector from accessing the dog.
POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF POROUS NICKEL MICROSTRUCTURE SURFACES
Authors: Yao Kun-Man , Xu Mou , Yang Shuo , Huang Xi-Zhe , Mo Dong-Chuan , Lyu Shu-Shen
Published: February 2024

Pool boiling is an effective heat dissipation approach in electronic cooling, battery thermal management, etc. This study used the electrochemical deposition method to fabricate one smooth nickel specimen (named Ni-smooth) and three specimens with a porous nickel-stacked structure. The three porous specimens were created with deposition current densities of 0.5 A·cm-2 (named Ni-0.5), 2.0 A·cm-2 (names Ni-2.0), and 5.0 A·cm-2 (named Ni-5.0), respectively. The four samples underwent microstructural characterization via scanning electron microscopy. The increasing current density led to the porous nickel surface exhibiting a more distinct pore structure, and the nickel sphere grains became more refined, developing a loose "mound-like" structure. A marked increase in the nickel film thickness was also observed. Through visual experiments, we evaluated their wettability, and through pool-boiling experiments, we tested their boiling heat-transfer properties. Our findings suggest that samples incorporating a porous nickel structure consistently outperform unmodified samples regarding heat-transfer efficiency. Specifically, sample Ni-0.5A demonstrated the most optimal boiling heat-transfer performance, evidenced by a 32.2% reduction in temperature at the onset of boiling, a 19.9% increase in critical heat flux density, and a 78.6% larger maximum heat-transfer coefficient compared to the smooth nickel sample. These marked improvements are intrinsically linked to the specific characteristics of the porous nickel structure. The higher performance of samples Ni-0.5 can be attributed to the presence of additional nucleation sites within the porous structure and the formation of smaller micro-crystalline dendritic constructs due to the specific current density applied during electrodeposition. Understanding this relationship between surface characteristics and electrodeposition is essential in maximizing heat-transfer efficiency.
Cumulative deformation behavior of GRS bridge abutments under cyclic traffic loading
Authors: Jia Y. , Zhang J. , Tong L. , Zheng J.-J. , Zheng Y.
Published: February 2024

This paper presents an experimental study on reduced scale geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) abutment models subjected to cyclic traffic loading, aimed at investigating the influences of cyclic load amplitude, self-weight of bridge superstructure, and reinforcement vertical spacing on the cumulative deformations. The GRS abutment models were constructed using sand backfill and geogrid reinforcement. A static load was first applied to account for the self-weight of bridge superstructure, and then the cyclic loads were applied in several phases with increasing amplitude. The results indicate that significant cumulative footing settlement under cyclic loading mainly occurs within the first few hundred loading cycles, and the settlement increases with increasing cyclic load amplitude. The cyclic load amplitude and reinforcement vertical spacing have significant impacts on the cumulative deformations of GRS abutments under cyclic loading. The maximum facing displacement under cyclic loading occurs near the top of the wall. The cyclic load has a greater impact on the reinforcement strains near the upper middle reinforcement layers, while it has a smaller impact on the lower reinforcement layers.
Cálculo de las medidas de tendencia central
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Correa-Gómez Ismael Eduardo
Published: February 2024

La presente guía práctica sobre medidas de tendencia central (media, moda y mediana), perteneciente a la rama de la estadística descriptiva, pretende ilustrar al estudiante la manera de calcularlas, mediante el desarrollo de tres métodos: 1) manualmente, 2) en la hoja de cálculo Microsoft Excel y 3) por medio del software estadístico InfoStat. Cada resultado de la medida utilizada estará acompañado de un análisis, lo que permitirá su comprensión. Encontrará también conceptos básicos de estadística que aportarán al desarrollo de la competencia en cuanto al descripción de los datos. La guía está desarrollada de forma procedimental en donde cada uno de los tres métodos conducirán al estudiante a obtener el resultado de estas medidas. Como el primer método explicado es de forma manual, se contemplan las fórmulas utilizadas para el cálculo. Finalmente, encontrará una conclusión general y un ejercicio de práctica.
SITUATION OF TEACHING CHINESE IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Sun Yat-sen University, Japarova Aigerim
Published: February 2024

This article is aimed to explain the history of development and the current situation of teaching Chinese at schools and universities in Kazakhstan. Because of the big leap in the Chinese economу and the recent cooperation of China with Kazakhstan, the number of people wishing to learn Chinese in Kazakhstan is growing every year, the same as the number of students already studying in China. Nevertheless, there are still many problems, particularly in the field of education, which need to be solved jointly by the governments of China and Kazakhstan. This article raises the most basic problems that hinder the process of high-quality teaching of the Chinese language in Kazakhstan, such as the lack of a unified system of teaching and diversification of methods of teaching the Chinese language, the lack of relevant educational materials that meet modern requirements, adapted to the Kazakh language and culture, the lack of training courses to improve the qualifications of teaching staff. Also, it includes suggestions of specific ways to solve existing problems on the above points. Keywords: China, Kazakhstan, education, Chinese language, Chinese language teaching, teaching methods, Chinese language teaching materials, Chinese language teacher;
MANAS STORYTELLERS AND THEIR MORAL PROPERTIES
Authors:   Naryn State University named after S. Naamatov, Kadyralieva Kenzheke
Published: February 2024

The article provides information about the past and present generations of narrators of the Manas epic, their moral properties, as well as their place in folklore as the owners of the artistic heirs of the manaschi. It is of interest to study the life and creative activity of the famous narrator "Manas" Sayakbay Karalayev. The article compares the options of Sagymbay Orozbakov and Sayakbay Karalaev. It is especially important to note prophetic dreams that prompted young storytellers to tell the Manas epic and become famous manaschi. It is also noted that the study of the style of storytellers, the features of the art of storytellers, the contribution of researchers, workers of culture, and art is important. Keywords: manaschi, artistic heritage, skill, quality, knowledge, Kyrgyz people, oral art.
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF THE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER
Authors:   School and pre-school education of J. Balasagyn KKU Department of Technologies, Kongaityeva Suurakan
Published: February 2024

The scientific article examines the competence of the primary school teacher. The term "pedagogical competence" includes terms such as competence, competence, professional competence, pedagogical activity, educational process, subject, class, academic subject, team, communication skills, level of education of students, psychological competence, activity, national value, universal values. Due to the lack of extensive studies of the competence of teachers in our country, there is every reason to talk about the need for such a study. Professional development courses are of great importance in improving the professional skills of teachers. The professionalism of a teacher is now a very important issue in preparing the younger generation for life in a market economy because there are qualities in the life of children that are difficult to change. There were conclusions that pedagogical work is the development of skills by the teacher himself, an increase in the educational activity. Through it, the teacher can improve his professional level Keywords: teacher, competence, activity, educator, professionalism, educational process, psychology, qualification, erudition, goal.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RELIGIOUSLY MOTIVATED RADICALIZATION: CAUSES AND PROCESS
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Nasirdinova Samara
Published: February 2024

This work explores the characteristics of religiously motivated radicalization, as well as analyzes its causes and processes. Religiously motivated radicalization is a process whereby individuals acquire extremist beliefs and take part in violent acts based on their religious beliefs. The work is based on a review of the literature, empirical studies and data from various sources to analyze the main factors influencing the process of radicalization. The article presents the following main aspects: 1. Definition of religiously motivated radicalization and its differences from other forms of radicalism. 2. Consideration of religious beliefs and ideologies that may contribute to radicalization. 3. The study of social, political and economic factors affecting the vulnerability of individuals to radicalization. 4. Analysis of the process of radicalization, including the various stages and mechanisms that lead to the transition from religious beliefs to violent extremism. 5. Review of the proposed strategies and measures to prevent radicalization and deradicalization of individuals. The work provides a systematic review and analysis of literature and research related to religiously motivated radicalization, and allows for a better understanding of the causes and processes underlying this phenomenon. The findings and recommendations can be useful for developing effective strategies to combat radicalization and maintain social stability.
TO THE QUESTION OF DEFINITION ETYMOLOGY CYBERCRIME AND CYBERSPACE
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Saniyazova Erkemai
Published: February 2024

The article discusses the actual concepts of "cybercrime" and "cybercrime", the basic component of which is cyberspace as a special area of activity in the information space. The emergence of these concepts is due to the global computerization of society, which determines the ongoing modernization of information technology and the emergence of new types of crimes committed through cyberspace. However, at present, both within the framework of international acts and in domestic legislation, there are no generally accepted definitions of these concepts, along with the lack of a unified approach to determining their content aspect. In addition, there is no consensus on the list of cybercrimes. In this connection, there is a need for a detailed study of national legislation and international acts that provide for liability for committing cybercrimes.
ON THE ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY OF SOLUTIONS TO A SECOND-ORDER LINEAR VOLTERRA INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION IN THE CASE OF NON-DIFFERENTIABILITY OF CUT-OFF FUNCTIONS
Authors:   Batken State University, Baigesekov Abdibait
Published: February 2024

Sufficient conditions are established for the asymptotic stability of any solution of a linear second-order Volterra integro-differential equation in the case when the truncated functions may be non-differentiable at some points of the semiaxis. To do this, first, using a non-standard method of reduction to a system, the equation under consideration is reduced to an equivalent system, and the method of transforming equations and the method of cutting functions are applied to this system. The truncated kernel and free term are associated with the coefficient of the new unknown function using the inequality between the geometric and arithmetic means of two functions. Using the method of integral inequalities, sufficient conditions are established for the boundedness on the semiaxis of all solutions of the system. Then the method of squaring equations is used to the first equation of the system and the Lyusternik-Sobolev lemma is applied. Finally, based on a non-standard substitution, we complete the proof of the asymptotic stability of solutions to a given second-order linear integro-differential equation. An illustrative example is given.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CYTOLOGICAL STATE OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN PATIENTS WITH EROSIVE AND ULCERENT FORM OF LICHEN PLANE
Authors:   Kazakhstan-Russian Medical University, Iskakova Maryam , Kuttubaeva Klara ,   Kyrgyz State Medical University Academy named after I. K. Akhunbayev, Abaskanova Perizat ,   Kyrgyz State Medical University Academy named after I. K. Akhunbayev
Published: February 2024

One of the important diagnostic methods for erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa is the cytological method. Cytological examination is a method of laboratory diagnostics, which allows to identify qualitative and quantitative changes in cells, the presence of intra- and extracellular inclusions and microorganisms. The choice of the cytological method is explained by the information content, objectivity and sufficient simplicity, and the obtained cytological data clearly correlate with the state of the oral mucosa. A cytological study was carried out in individuals with healthy oral mucosa and in patients with erosive- ulcerative form of lichen planus before and after treatment. Cytological studies have proven a violation of the cellular composition of the epithelium of the buccal mucosa in patients with erosive-ulcerative form of lichen planus, the choice of treatment plays a significant role in the timing of erosion epithelialization, recurrence and prevention of complications.
ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF INFLUENZA, SARS AND CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors:   Asian Medical Institute named after S. Tentishev, Nuridinova Zhanilay , Nurmatov Zuridin ,   National Institute of Public Health of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Published: February 2024

Acute respiratory viral infections in the Kyrgyz Republic occupy a high proportion among the overall structure of infectious morbidity, over 61.0%. The purpose of this work is to study the epidemiological features of influenza, SARS and coronavirus infections in different climatogeographic regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. The materials were the reporting data of the republican headquarters for the fight against coronavirus infection, DDPSSES and E-health center. The incidence of influenza and SARS have a pronounced seasonality. During the analyzed period from 2014 to 2022 in the republic, it was noted that the highest incidence of influenza and SARS is recorded in the period from November to February and the indicators vary from 371.2 to 702.1 per 100 000 population. In the dynamics of morbidity during a pandemic of coronavirus infection, the traditional seasonality, as with influenza and SARS, is not traced. The incidence of influenza, SARS and coronavirus infection in different climatogeographic regions have differences, which is associated with population density, average annual atmospheric air temperature and the level of migration of the population. The dynamics of the coronavirus pandemic has shown that the rise in incidence is associated with the level of population immunity and compliance with preventive measures.
PREVALENCE AND GENOTYPES OF HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUS AMONG HIV-INFECTED PEOPLE
Authors:   National Institute of Public Health, Sattarova Gulsunai
Published: February 2024

Viruses of parenteral hepatitis HBV, HCV and human immunodeficiency (HIV) are characterized by similar transmission routes and risk groups, in which the probability of acquiring two or more of these infections at once is increased. The aim of the research is to study the prevalence and determine the genotypes of hepatitis B and C virus circulating among HIV-infected people. The results of the studies show a high prevalence of HCV markers (HCV – 45% and HBV- 16%) among HIV-infected people. Co-infected patients had high viral replication of HBV (60%) and HCV (62.7%). Аlso by molecular genetic method, HBV DNA was detected among HBsAg negative and HCV RNA in the absence of anti- HCV. Among those co-infected with HIV+HCV, genotype 1b of hepatitis C virus prevailed so the proportion of the total number was 45.7%. Among those co-infected with HIV+HBV, genotype D of the hepatitis B virus prevailed, which amounted to 70%. The genetic diversity of variants of hepatitis B and C viruses among HIV-infected people is similar to the diversity observed in the general population of the republic.
The more beautiful and gorgeous birds of British New Guinea
Authors:   Queensland Museum, Philp Jude
Published: February 2024

This chapter describes the ways that collections were made in British New Guinea during Sir William MacGregor’s tenure (1888–1898) through a focus on the people employed in field collecting for bird specimens. It makes explicit the involvement of local peoples and other specialist collectors living in the region at the time. The creation of the collections was thus through two knowledge systems: that of western science and those of British New Guinean peoples. The influence of locals and other people is evident in the shape of the collection and the kinds of birds acquired. I argue that the curation of the bird specimens at Queensland Museum divorced specimens from the human contexts which contributed to reinforcing the hierarchical colonial structure. Despite this, examination of the collection’s composition shows the focus on ‘beautiful and gorgeous’ species which emphasises the knowledge of British New Guinea’s people and reveals the larger and more complex sphere of social relations that were a feature of MacGregor’s tenure.
The Goromani incident: seeking spoils from opportunistic theft in the Official collection from early colonial British New Guinea
Authors:   Queensland Museum, Torrence Robin , Davies Susan
Published: February 2024

Material confiscated in 1898 by William MacGregor and his officers from abandoned houses after a punitive raid on the cluster of villages at Goromani, Upper Vanapa River in early colonial British New Guinea offers insights into the kinds of objects that might have been obtained for the Official ethnographic collection through negative reciprocity. In addition to ceremonial finery and valuable items stowed away in bags, drums dressed for ceremonies prior to raiding, stone artefacts, and arrows were confiscated after the raid by the British party. An analysis of handwriting on the labels written for the objects at the time of their collection identifies the personal choices for plunder of MacGregor and the officers who assisted him. This small collection also highlights classes of ethnographic objects that were highly favoured by British colonisers during the late nineteenth century. By comparing the Marind-Anim and Goromani assemblages with the entire Official collection, attributes of material acquired within the context of opportunistic theft are highlighted. Based on these cases, it might be possible to identify additional material within the Official collection, and potentially others from colonial British New Guinea, that were scavenged expediently following violent confrontations. The findings could also assist indigenous groups and museum curators in recognising material from early ethnographic collections from British New Guinea that might be considered for repatriation.
Pottery from Collingwood Bay in the Official collection from British New Guinea: the Wanigela style and the social relations of its distribution
Authors:   Queensland Museum, Bonshek Elizabeth
Published: February 2024

During the late nineteenth century, a substantial assemblage of pottery was acquired by William MacGregor for the British New Guinea Official collection from the Collingwood Bay region in the north-eastern region of the colony. The group is highly significant because these ceramic styles are absent from most other museum collections dating to this period. Analyses of the manufacturing and decorative styles represented in the assemblage show that they belong to a style currently associated with the contemporary locality called Wanigela, a placename not used at the time MacGregor was exploring the area. Reconstructing the region of pottery manufacture versus the locations it was distributed through exchange, contributes to an understanding of social relations across the region at a date when there are few ethnographic accounts. This approach also provides an important example of how indigenous groups asserted their agency in their dealings with outsiders, even one as powerful as the representative of the British government.
Troublesome objects: the travels of arrows
Authors:   Queensland Museum, Philp Jude
Published: February 2024

This chapter is concerned with the meanings and purposes of the highly varied arrows and bows that were collected for the Official collection from the Western Division of British New Guinea during Sir William MacGregor’s administration (1888-1898). As the data about provenance vital to their understanding has not been preserved, these objects largely remain in museum storage and unfortunately have not contributed to an understanding of the history and relationships surrounding their acquisition. Although commonly understood and displayed as weapons by colonial administrations, twentieth century research has emphasised their role in connecting disparate people through an extensive trade network and a shared mythic landscape. This focus on the uses and meanings, rather than the origin and fabrication, of arrows is discussed in the chapter to direct attention towards the events and relationships that instigated their inclusion in the Official collection.
Determinants of bank credit in Jordan and Palestine: a comparative analysis
Authors: Dirani Ruba , Khataibeh Mohammad , Omet Ghassan
Published: February 2024

Purpose- This paper analyzes the determinants of the annual changes in conventional banks’ credit in Jordan and Palestine. In addition, the paper examines whether the differences in the determinants of bank credit in both economies are due to country or bank-specific factors. As one might expect, the argument behind this paper rests on the fact that the Israeli occupation of Palestine makes the political and economic environments of the two countries very different.
Methodology- A panel of data of all thirteen (13) Jordanian conventional banks and 12 Palestinian conventional banks are used in the econometric analyses (2010 – 2021). For each set of banks, the annual percentage changes in credit are regresed on the percentage annual change in bank deposits, equity is equity capital, bank size, and bank income diversification level. Following this exercise, the differences in of both sets of coefficients are examined using the F-test. If different, one can argue that the difference can be due to the differential effects of either bank-level differences or country-level differences. To examine this issue, we re-estimate tha main model by controlling for the presence of fixed effects in the bank credit relationship and re-estimate the F-test. If the F test is significant, this implies that the differences in the magnitude of the relationshisp are due to country factors and not to bank-specific factors.
Findings- Based on the estimated results, several interesting observations are noted. First, there are differences in the determinants of the annual change in bank credit between banks in Jordan and in Palestinian in terms of the signs of the independent variables and their values. Second, the significant differences in the determinants of the annual change in bank credit between banks in Jordan and in Palestinian are due to country-specific factors and not the bank-specific factors. Finally, given the differences in the political and economic environments in which banks in Jordan and Palestine operate, one should not be surprised of the main finding of this thesis.
Conclusion- It would be informative to examine the performance of both sets of banks in terms of other issue including the determinants of cost of intermediation, stability, bank discipline, and bank competition.

Keywords: Jordan, Palestine, banks, credit growth, equity capital, seemingly-unrelated regression.
JEL Codes: G20, G21, G24
Factors affecting country fintech: an European analysis
Authors: Di Nallo Loris , Micheli Anna Paola , Giangrande Nicolo’
Published: February 2024

Purpose- FinTech represents all innovation related to how businesses seek to improve the process, delivery, and use of financial services and it is not a mere technological phenomenon. Considering that the various innovations in the financial and technological fields require the use of explanatory indices, the aim of this work is to propose an analysis of the factors that influence the degree of adoption of Fintech in the European countries.
Methodology- We use a correlation model in order to highlight the first results on the relationship between the degree of Fintech at a geographical level and some explanatory variables. The final sample consists of 28 European countries that have all variables requested in the analyisis. Specifically, the level of Fintech is measured by The Global Fintech Index developed by Findexable, while the factors that influence the Fintech come from dataset of International Monetary Fund (IMF): the number of ATMs, number of commercial bank branches, while the intensity of outstanding deposits with commercial banks and outstanding loans from commercial banks is lower
Findings- Regarding the analysis of the year 2021, our result indicates preliminarily that Fintech is negatively affected by the number of ATMs, number of commercial bank branches, while the intensity of outstanding deposits with commercial banks and outstanding loans from commercial banks is lower. This findings are consistent with this assumption: one of the driver of the Fintech is the digitalization.
Conclusion- The result of our model indicates that the degree of Fintech at a geographical leve seems to be linked to explanatory variables that are related to the banking world. This represents a useful information to academic, practitioners and policymakers. In fact, according to literature, Fintech has an effect on financial system and financial stability. Therefore the explanation of Fintech phenomenon and its measurement represent a crucial point. Future extensions of research could consider additional measures of Fintech and a focus on the most representative explanatory variables.

Keywords: Fintech, financial system, banks, banking, digitalization.
JEL Codes: G20, G29, 030
Digitalization-growth nexus: some empirical evidence from four regions with a Muslim majority
Authors: Ganic Mehmed
Published: February 2024

Purpose- The purpose of this study is to investigate whether regional variations exist in the development of the digital economy and how they impact growth in the four global regions where Muslims predominate.
Methodology- The study employs empirical examination of 48 countries with Muslim majority divided in four regions (Middle East and North Africa region, Europe and Eurasia region, South Asia, East Asia region and the Pacific and Africa region) between 2000 to 2021. The study employs Kao Residual Cointegration Test, and the Long-run Valuation of Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS/DOLS-Dynamic). A certain number of specific variables in the econometric model will be employed to measure the level of digitization on economic growth, such as: Digital economy infrastructure proxied by Individuals using the internet, Digital economic openness proxied by ICT product exports and Digital technology competitiveness proxied by Research and Development as share of GDP.
Findings- The analysis reveals that despite the fact that the digital economy made a positive contribution to economic growth in both Sub-Saharan Africa and Europe and Euroasia, the impact on these regions is less than that on the Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific countries due to the underdeveloped infrastructure of the digital economy The least effect of digitalization on growth was found in Sub-Saharan African countries with low incomes..
Conclusion- Based upon the analysis, it may be concluded that digitalization can considerably boost economic growth, but its benefits may differ depending on how developed a nation is. There is a clear geographical imbalance in the development of the digital economy across 48 nations with a majority of Muslims .To increase overall GDP growth, those countries need to look into policies that will help increase ICT and the digital economy use.

Keywords: Digital economy, economic growth, ICT, the Muslim Word, panel cointegration model.
JEL Codes: O40, O47, E22.
). The competitiveness disparity between core and peripheral EU countries: an empirical analysis with panel ARDL approach
Authors: Tosun Tayfun Tuncay
Published: February 2024

Purpose- This study empirically investigates whether there is an asymmetry between the competitiveness of the core and peripheral EU countries in the post-monetary union period, which includes the public debt crisis.
Methodology- This paper analyzes the long and short-term effects of the interest rate for public bond yields and real effective exchange rate on public debt in core (Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, and the Netherlands) and peripheral (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain) EU countries using the panel linear Autoregressive Distributive Lag model. In the study, second-generation unit root tests, Westerlund's (2007) cointegration test, and short and long-term MG, PMG, and DFE panel econometric methods are employed.
Findings- According to the primary findings of the study: (i) while the interest rate for public bond yields is not effective on public debt in core EU countries, it has an increasing effect on public debt with a high positive coefficient in peripheral EU countries. (ii) The long-term coefficient of the real effective exchange rate in the peripheral EU countries is higher than in the core EU countries. According to this conclusion, the increase in the real effective exchange rate augments the public debt of the peripheral EU countries at a higher level than the core EU countries.
Conclusion- Contrary to the monetarist approach that relies on the role of one last funder, these findings contribute to the literature by supporting the first two conditions of the Optimum Currency Area, the Varieties of Capitalism, Comparative Political Economy, and Fundamentalist approaches, which reveal the asymmetrical structure between the competitiveness of the core and peripheral EU countries.

Keywords: EMU public debt crisis, core EU countries, peripheral EU countries, panel ARDL model, competitiveness differences
JEL Codes: C45, F45, N14, N24
Turkiye as a regional hub
Authors: Teker Dilek , Teker Suat , Orman Irmak
Published: February 2024

Purpose- This study examines Türkiye's strategic importance and potential to serve as a pivotal regional hub for businesses. The study also investigates the various fields of businesses for being a potential hub. A review of common concerns that needs further developments are analysed.
Methodology- The study utilizes an analytical literature survey and investigates the various business fields for becoming a regional hub.
Findings- Turkiye is the 7th largest economy by GDP in Europe by IMF among 22 countries for the year 2022. Turkiye is ranked as the 1st in ease of setting and welcoming categories at Expat Explorer Index, and 7th in the world in the year 2019. More, Turkish international airports serve for 342 direct flights for 128 countries with Turkish Airlines and proximity to these markets with a total GDP of 46 trillion USD within 4 hours flight.
Conclusion- Turkiye's unique geographical position bridges Europe and Asia providing a natural gateway between the East and the West. Proximity to major markets enhances its appeal as a strategic center for trade and commerce. Ongoing investments in infrastructure, including transportation networks and logistics facilities, are positioning Türkiye as a key hub for the efficient movement of goods and services. Modern ports, airports, and road networks facilitate seamless connectivity within the region. Türkiye's growing economy attracts foreign investments, fostering the development of financial services and encouraging multinational companies to establish regional headquarters

Keywords: Regional hub, Istanbul Finance Center, strategic location, logistics hub, service hub.
JEL Codes: F10, F18, M20
A review of the shares of the central bank from its creation up to the second world war
Authors: Sayil Gizel Busem
Published: February 2024

Purpose - The aim of this study is to observe the movements of the shares of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey during the foundation period and to estimate the events under the influence of these movements. An independent central bank is very important for countries to operate an independent monetary policy. In Turkey, the emphasis on "national banking" first came to the fore at the Izmir Economic Congress, and attempts were made to establish a central bank in 1927. In 1931, the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey began its official activities. This was the most important step towards achieving economic independence in the Republic of Turkey and preserving the value of the Turkish Lira. This study examines the performance of central bank stocks over this period.
Methodology-The data set consists of 1674 observations including daily closing prices for the period 04.01.1934-31.12.1939. The data were obtained from the La Bourse newspaper and the Cumhuriyet newspaper archive was used as a news source. First, the breaks in stock prices over this period are analysed using the Bai-perron test. The Eviews 12 program was used for this purpose. The second step is to examine whether there is a day-of-week effect in stock prices over the period in question. For this purpose, returns were calculated. The non-parametric Man-Whitney U test in SPSS 15 was used to test whether there was a significant difference between these returns on a daily basis.
Findings- The results of the Bai-Perron structural break test showed that two breaks occurred on 01/08/1936 and 06/07/1938. Short and long-term increases in the value of the Central Bank shares were observed on these dates, which coincided with the achievement of the Montreux Convention and the victory of the National Army in Hatay. Moreover, these dates indicate risks associated with global conflict.
During the second step, the compound return for share prices in the period of 1934-1939 was calculated, revealing the absence of any day-of-week effect. In other words, the results of the Man-Whitney U test show that there is no statistically significant difference between the groups.
Conclusion- The Montreux Convention and the independence of Hatay, achieved during this period, had a positive impact on the stock, as the findings suggest. Furthermore, global war risks had a positive impact on the bank's shares. These results can be explained by the fact that the higher the risk, the more confidence is placed in the "national" bank. Finally, the shares of the Central Bank, symbolising the economic independence of the newly established Republic of Turkey, are relatively less sensitive and have low anomalies. This result is in line with expectations, given that financial markets are still underdeveloped.

Keywords: Turkiye, banking, national banking, central bank.
JEL Codes: B41, E58, G21.
Monetary momentum and risk management in stock market
Authors: Kilic Erdem , Sonmezer Sitki
Published: February 2024

Purpose- This study aims to investigate the relationship between monetary interest rate decisions, liquidity mechanisms and risk management issues. As a core interest the significance of a structural change in the data around the FOMC meetings is analyzed. By the help of continuous time models we analyze the kind of dynamics, which can be observed in the stock returns, i.e. conditional volatilities and jumps. A further central interest is given to investment decisions and risk management issues. This encompasses the elaboration of the hedging strategies to achieve higher performance.
Methodology- The study employs GARCH-Ito and GARCH-Ito-Jump models to analyze the stock market returns and their related volatilities on the day of a FED interest decision announcement. The continuous time GARCH model setting allows to model stock market returns with a high flexibility, therefore these models are abled to capture jump dynamics in the stock returns.
Findings- The analysis reveals that persistence in conditional volatilities change according to alternative stocks. These stocks can be classified according to alternative market capitalization sizes. Mega market capitalization stocks are better governed by no jump GARCH-Ito models regardless the monetary policy changes, that is, changes in interest rates or not.
Conclusion- Based upon the analysis, it may be concluded that risk management applications effectively might perform under the consideration of stock types in terms of market sizes. The persistence in the conditional volatility massively decreases if a jump component is introduced into the model. Since most of the mega market cap stocks perform better without a jump part component, it might be conjectured that persistence in the conditional volatility for mega cap stocks play a more important role compared to large cap stocks. Regardless the case whether there is an interest rate change or not, the persistence in conditional volatility remains in mega cap stocks, and thus, these stocks are prone to the involvement of prices jumps.

Keywords: Monetary policy, risk management, jump detection, investment decisions
JEL Codes: C22, E49, G11