bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Ezzlemath for Improving the Reading Comprehension of Mathematics Problems at Grade Five of ICP Elementary School
Authors: Gutami Ima Kulama , Nathasyach Adelia , Widianti Oktavia Dwi , Prastiwi Chyntia Heru Woro
Published: October 2024

Mathematic problems often become obstacles to the students of ICP (International Class Program) schools in Indonesia, including the elementary school level. They cannot understand sentences presented in mathematic problems because they have constraints in the mathematical vocabulary. To overcome this problem, this research under the experimental design conducted experiments on using Ezzlemath (English Puzzle for Mathematics) for assisting the students’ reading comprehension upon mathematic problems. By having fun in doing a puzzle and repeated words filled in the puzzle, the students of elementary school level of ICP design can have more exposure to mathematical vocabulary. The researchers involved 12 students of grade 5A as the experimental group and 17 students of grade 5B as the control group. The research results demonstrated that Ezzlemath gave significant effects to the students’ reading comprehension of mathematic problems.   Soal cerita Matematika sering menjadi kendala bagi siswa-siswi di sekolah-sekolah berdesign ICP (Internasional Class Program atau Program Kelas Internasional), termasuk pada level Sekolah Dasar (SD). Siswa-siswi tidak bisa memahami soal cerita Matematika karena mereka memiliki keterbatasan kosakata istilah-istilah Matematika dalam Bahasa Inggris. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, penelitian eksperimental ini menerapkan Ezzlemath (English Puzzle for mathematics atau Puzzle Matematika Berbahasa Inggris) untuk mempermudah pemahaman bacaan terhadap soal cerita Matematika. Dengan mengerjakan puzzle teka teki silang secara menyenangkan dan mengulang kata-kata dalam puzzle, maka siswa-siswi SD sekolah berdesign ICP dapat mengalami banyak exposure terhadap istilah Matematika berbahasa Inggris. Para peneliti melibatkan 12 murid kelas 5A sebagai kelas eksperimental dan 17 murid kelas 5B sebagai kelas kontrol. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa Ezzlemath mampu memberikan efek signifikan terhadap kemampuan pemahaman bacaan siswa terhadap soal cerita Matematika berbahasa Inggris.
The Relationship between the Built World and the Nesting Habits of the European White Stork: A Case Study of Segovia, Spain C
Authors: Kayatekin em S. , Arguello Sebastian , Fournel Daphné Aléjandra , Figueroa Rozotto Daniela
Published: October 2024

The European white stork (Ciconia ciconia) is listed as an Annex I species by Directive 2009/147/EC, adopted by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on 30 November 2009. This directive calls for special protective and supportive measures to be taken to create, maintain, or re-establish the biotopes upon which the species relies. Extending the notion of the biotope to the urban fabric within which the European white stork frequently nests, and utilizing the city of Segovia, Spain as the site of an intrinsic case study, this research seeks to understand whether there are specific built world parameters that play a supportive or hindering role in the urban nesting preferences of the species. The existing discourse has tended to investigate this topic from a macro scale, oftentimes glossing over the built world in favor of a strictly ecological or resource-based analysis of European white stork nesting behavior. The findings presented within this paper on the other hand offer a more fine-grained exploration of the subject matter, underscoring that specific built world and built-world-to-habitat connections do appear to exert influence over the nesting preferences of the European white stork—namely, variations in height in the roofscape, total area of the potential nesting-location, roof slope and tree species, the strength of views to the habitats used for daily hunting and foraging by the species, and proximity to busy traffic arteries. These findings not only offer a beginning foray into the subject of how built-environmental parameters influence the European white stork´s navigation and habitation of the urban arm of its species´ biotope, but also frame future avenues for built-environmental research for scholars and researchers involved in this physical-ecological intersection of investigation. Keywords: built environment, urban ecology, urban ecosystems, Ciconia ciconia
From Family Bedtime Audience to Universal Readership A Study in the Development of Modern Palestinian Novel
Authors: El-Hussari Ibrahim A.
Published: October 2024

Only the voiceless remain unheard until they choose to break their silence. In the aftermath of Palestine Nakba of 1948, some Palestinian story tellers, whether those in exile or those who remained under occupation, chose to resuscitate the visibility of the Palestinian people as well as their voice which was long silenced and muffled during the British Mandate for Palestine (1918-1948). Most of those storytellers wrote tales that dramatized both their personal and national plight. Unfortunately, however, the messages carried by those tales seem to have reached a tiny audience. It was left for the new post-Nakba generation of storytellers, who wrote in Arabic and other languages, to readjust the obfuscated focus on their national narratives. Accordingly, this study traces the development of the Palestinian art of storytelling by looking at some key narrative works, starting with Isaac El-Husseiny’s Memoir of a Mother Hen (1943) through Ghassan Kanafani’s Men in the Sun (1962) up to Emile Habibi’s The Pessoptimist (1974) and Jabra Ibrahim Jabra’s In Search of Walid Masoud (1978), ending with Anton Shammas’s Arabesques (1989). It also looks at the impact of these narratives on both local and global levels of readership and reception. To be more specific, the study looks at how the post-Nakba storytellers have scored an advancement over the earlier generation of their native storytellers by appropriating their tales for the parameters of the art of prose fiction. It also looks at how the modern Palestinian novel has constantly tried to deliver the Palestinian voice to both the local and the universal audiences, thus gaining broader reception, recognition, and readership. Keywords: Palestinian voice, narrative art, visibility, local, universal, readership, Nakba
Assessment of the Trending Change of Climate Conditions in Relation to the Environmental Degradation: The Case of İzmir and Karaburun Peninsula
Authors: Gerçek Deniz
Published: October 2024

Climate Change, the biggest challenge of our era, has impacts highly variable and uneven across the globe. Confirming this fact, projections suggest that the Mediterranean basin is expected to face significant impacts from climate change, showcasing the region as a critical concern. The climatic changes in the region are characterized by a shift of the Mediterranean climate towards aridity, i.e., ‘aridification’ that is characterized by an increment in annual average temperature with an associated decrease in annual precipitation. Study area including İzmir and the Karaburun Peninsula located in the western Aegean region of Turkey is undergoing a significant land use and land cover change, a trending increase of annual temperatures, with combined aridity and water scarcity particularly in the peninsula. This study aims to support understanding of the relationship between climatic indicators, namely temperature and precipitation, and environmental degradation characterized by land use land cover change, growth, urbanization, etc. The method includes analysis of long-term climatic records (1970-2020) that are available at four meteorological stations in the study area and the analysis with indicators that spatially represent the characteristics in the close proximity of the stations. First objective of the method is to reveal whether there is a pattern of change in temperature and precipitation in the long term. Second objective is, using GIS capabilities, to explore how the change in local climate is related to the environmental degradation indicators, e.g., land use/land cover, building intensity, population density conducting correlation and regression analyses. The dataset used for the study is primarily sourced from global platforms that serve open data, e.g. Copernicus Programme (land use/land cover, urban atlas, GHS), Landsat imagery (spectral indices) etc. The findings of this study will shed light on the key factors influencing the rise in temperatures and the pattern of precipitation. Based on the empirical evidence, recommendations will be provided on how to intervene and mitigate the impacts of these changes. In the long run, these local interventions are expected to have an impact on our overall efforts in combating climate change and related disasters. Keywords: climate change, temperature, precipitation, long term, open data, environmental degradation
La muerte del mártir como acto conmemorativo en Catalina de Alejandría y Eustaquio (Ms. ESC. h-I-13)
Authors: Zubillaga Carina
Published: October 2024

La muerte del mártir cristiano permite profundizar en el tiempo medieval y su concepción basada en su carácter, tanto lineal como cíclico. Las dos passiones que integran el Ms. Esc. castellano h-I-13, la de santa Catalina de Alejandría y san Eustaquio, se insertan en el contexto codicológico más amplio de leyendas hagiográficas e historias aventureras que dan cuenta de la progresión de géneros narrativos y dinámicas compositivas hacia una secularización de todas formas ejemplar. Su lugar en el manuscrito, una a continuación de la otra, remite a la configuración de una santidad centrada en la imitación de Cristo y su padecimiento en la cruz, así como a la distinción del cuerpo particularmente femenino como registro conmemorativo de la tortura y de la muerte y testimonio cristiano, en consonancia con los nuevos horizontes de los estudios hagiográficos, muy productivos y poco explorados en el campo de la literatura española medieval.
Lo fantástico como resistencia política en “Botão-de-Rosa” de Murilo Rubião
Authors: Jaquez Núñez Ramón Ernesto
Published: October 2024

La literatura con su potencia política puede representar las dimensiones éticas y estéticas más terribles de la condición humana, dignificarlas o simplemente ser un reducto de resistencia. El presente estudio analiza el cuento “Botão-de-Rosa” de Murilo Rubião (Minas Gerais, 1916-1991), desde la perspectiva de la literatura fantástica y la crítica política. Esto tiene como objetivo establecer los elementos fantásticos que construyen la representación de un mundo posible fracturado, circunscrito al referente extra-textual de la dictadura militar (1964-1985) en Brasil. Asimismo, este análisis contribuye a difundir y revisitar la obra de Murilo Rubião, haciendo énfasis en el papel del cuento fantástico y la literatura en la resistencia política en Brasil.
Leonor de la Cueva y Silva: una poeta del XVII. Tradición, desplazamiento y legitimidad autorial
Authors: Vijarra René Aldo
Published: October 2024

Durante los Siglos de Oro, las poetas, dramaturgas y novelistas carecieron de una tradición literaria propia, por lo tanto, la única posibilidad para incorporarse al campo de la literatura fue adoptando la poética de tradición masculina. Más allá de esta limitación, Leonor de la Cueva y Silva (1611-1705) no se atuvo a reproducir modelos y se “atrevió” a desplazarse de la norma. El conocimiento y empleo del legado literario legitimaron la labor de Leonor como poeta y esa validación la animó a expresar su disenso con algunas verdades consagradas. Y, desde una posición “excéntrica” en términos de De Lauretis, la poeta se apropia de los recursos y tópicos poéticos canónicos para resignificarlos y, de ese modo, exteriorizar vivencias femeninas.
Las variantes de transmediación lúdicas en Blacksad: un breve acercamiento
Authors: Clavijo Corchero Álvaro
Published: October 2024

El relato narrativo actual se encuentra potencializado por la transmedialidad analógica y digital porque busca expandir la historia a través de diferentes soportes para proporcionar al público una inmersión total en el mundo ficticio que se propone. Este acontecimiento se acentúa aún más con el uso de plataformas lúdicas, como los juegos de rol o los videojuegos, productos en los que el jugador se convierte en un sujeto activo de la trama narrativa. Este artículo tiene como propósito estudiar los procesos de transmedialidad presentes en la franquicia de cómic Blacksad (2000-2023), creado por Juan Díaz Canales y Juanjo Guarnido y publicado por la editorial Dargaud, y cómo su universo se expande a través del juego de rol de mesa, diseñado por la editorial Nosolorol Ediciones (2015), y mediante el videojuego, desarrollado por Pendulo Studios y Microïds (2019). Con todo ello, se pretende observar cómo los medios lúdicos son capaces de expandir transmedialmente la historia e intensificar la inmersión del relato.
Temporalidad queer en las narrativas de la Transición española. A propósito de La mala costumbre, de Alana S. Portero
Authors: Fumis Daniela
Published: October 2024

En las últimas décadas, los estudios sobre la Transición española han proliferado, habilitando nuevas dimensiones de abordaje en los modos de la construcción del relato del pasado. En este sentido, las dinámicas de las subjetividades díscolas (Chamouleau, 2017) en torno a lo queer se han constituido como foco de interés, por su potencia de resistencia en relación con un relato transicional homogéneo y normalizador. En esta línea, la exploración narrativa de los tránsitos en torno a la niñez y la infancia expone una singular productividad. En este trabajo nos proponemos indagar sobre la infancia como emergente en la narrativa reciente de la Transición, a partir de una lectura de la novela La mala costumbre (Seix Barral, 2023), de Alana S. Portero. Nos interesará desmontar críticamente la noción de temporalidad queer (Freeman, 2010; Dinshaw et al., 2007; Solana 2016) a partir del tratamiento de lo generacional como núcleo de la construcción del relato transicional que la novela propone.
Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Menggunakan Model Lembar Tugas Berpasangan
Authors: Khodari Neti Tri , Agusta Akhmad Riandy , Jannah Fathul , Hidayat Ari
Published: October 2024

Masalah dalam temuan ini ialah rendahnya aktivitas, keterampilan berpikir kritis, dan hasil belajar pada pembelajaran IPA. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis aktivitas, keterampilan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan PTK terlaksana sebanyak 4 kali pertemuan. Subjek yang diteliti peserta didik kelas V-A SDN Kelayan Selatan 9, yang berjumlah 21 peserta didik pada semester 2 tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kualitatif diperoleh dari observasi aktivitas guru, aktivitas peserta didik, keterampilan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Keterlaksanaan pembelajaran oleh guru memperoleh kriteria “sangat baik”. Hal ini berdampak pada aktivitas siswa memperoleh kriteria sangat aktif dengan persentase 95%. Ini terjadi juga pada keterampilan berpikir kritis pada pertemuan pertama memperoleh persentase 29% meningkat hingga mencapai presentase 90% Sama halnya dengan ketuntasan klasikal hasil belajar peserta didik yang mengalami peningkatan pada pertemuan pertama memperoleh persentase 29% hingga meningkat mencapai persentase 95%. kesimpulannya bahwa penggunaan model Lembar Tugas Berpasangan mampu meningkatkan aktivitas, keterampilan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar.
Improving Motivation and Learning Outcomes Through the Application of the Student Facilitator and Explaining Model in the Al-Qur'an Hadits Subject at Elementary Islamic School
Authors: Suleman Muh. Asharif , Febriansyah Riza , Marliansyah Anan , Hasanah Ushie Uswatun , Nursholicha Kurnia Utami , Idayanti Zulfi
Published: October 2024

Increasing students' motivation and learning outcomes can be achieved through innovative and interactive learning methods. With this approach, students become more enthusiastic about learning and are able to achieve better results. A supportive learning environment and active involvement from teachers also play an important role in encouraging students to achieve their maximum potential. This study aims to improve the motivation and learning outcomes of the Al-Qur'an Hadith among students of MIN 1 Kendari through the application of the Student Facilitator and the Creating Learning Model. This study is classroom action research (CAR) carried out in two cycles on grade V students. The research procedure includes planning, implementation, observation, evaluation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation, tests, questionnaires, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed that: 1) The application of the student facilitator and the creating learning model can improve students' learning motivation at MIN 1 Kendari, as evidenced by the results of the learning motivation questionnaire reaching 88.88% in the very high category. 2) The application of this learning model can also improve students' learning outcomes, as indicated by the percentage of learning outcome completion of 81.48%
A Mixture Response Model for Identifying Item Preknowledge
Authors: Xi Chongqin , Guo Wenjing , Tan Qingrong , Tu Dongbo , Cai Yan
Published: October 2024

As one of the three broad types of test cheating, item preknowledge has always been a severe threat to test validity and is widespread in various testing programs, especially within some high-volume certification testing programs. While many response-based methods have been proposed to identify and handle item preknowledge, most require the assumption that the compromised items are known. Moreover, few studies have considered that both examinee and item characteristics might affect this cheating behavior, and even fewer have considered the relationship between ability and such behavior when estimating ability. Therefore, this article proposes a mixture model with less strict assumptions on the compromised items. By modeling cheating behavior with a latent response approach, the model takes into account the effect of both characteristics at the item-by-examinee level and assesses how a person’s ability relates to such behavior. Two simulation studies demonstrate that the parameters of the proposed model can be effectively recovered, and when data contains item preknowledge, the model generally produces more accurate ability estimates than existing models. Finally, an empirical example based on a licensure test dataset illustrates the applicability of the new model.
Lists of Copies of Slavic Sources on the Life and Work of Cyril and Methodius and their Students – Some Comments and Clarifications
Authors:   Cyrillo-Methodian Research Center, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Mircheva Boyka
Published: October 2024

The purpose of my report is to present to you my electronic book “Slavic Cyrillic Methodivian Sources Online”. This book is the result of my work devoted to Slavic sources over a period of 40 years and mainly combines two of my studies – a description of lists of Slavic sources about the life and activities of Cyril and Methodius and their students, and a Map of Slavic sources, which reflects the main interactions between different texts. In the map, she tried to organize Slavic sources according to their chronology and dependencies, established by various researchers, in order to obtain a scheme of connections and dependencies of individual works. Slavic sources for Cyril and Methodius and their students are presented in a genealogical scheme, made on the basis of their chronology and the established relationships between them, taking into account the alleged works that have not been preserved to this day. The scheme also reflects the foreign-language sources that influenced the Slavic ones, and their translations took their place among domestic sources. The map is interactive. From each of the sources there is a link to the transcripts of the work, and from each transcript it is possible to reach data for a digital copy of the transcript (if available), to the editions and studies dedicated to it, indicating the links to the resources located on the Internet. Currently, 32 Slavic Cyril and Methodius springs are represented in the database. The total number of transcripts is 767, the scientific literature numbers 979 titles, of which 486 are digitized and indicated in place with 2432 links. The article contains some new data clarifying the history of the manuscript tradition of some of the main Slavic sources, which can generally be divided into four: 1. New (previously unknown) lists of works; 2. Lists of new dating; 3. Lists of unspecified whereabouts; 4. Non-Existing Lists. Of the new (previously unknown) lists, the largest number are Prolog Lifes of Cyril and Methodius, one of which is the second in origin from the Moldavian list of the Prolog Life of Methodius, from the lists of new dating the Egorov 272 manuscript is given, in which the list of Praise to Cyril and Methodius is the oldest contemporary lists of Vladislav The Grammarian, from the lists of unspecified origin the new location of the lists of the Extensive Life of Methodius and the Praise of Cyril and Methodius from the manuscripts of the Nilovo-Stolben desert, namely in the collections of A. P. Grankov, and among the non-existent lists, 8 lists of the Prologue of John the Exarch are indicated, which a
Toward a Definition of Colophon in Medieval Slavonic Manuscripts
Authors:   University of Bari Aldo Moro, Lomagistro Barbara
Published: October 2024

According to the definition provided by Denis Muzerelle in his Vocabulaire codicologique, a colophon is an annotation (frequently, but not always) placed at the end of a manuscript by the scribe. In it the scribe gives information about his transcribing work, in particular the date and the place, his name and status, and sometimes expressions of thanks for the successful completion of his task. This paper aims to provide a preliminar survey of representative occurrences of colophons in Slavonic medieval manuscripts, in order to establish: 1) if they fulfill such a definition; 2) the extent to which they may vary from this basic definition, e.g. using distinctive, formulaic expressions, peculiar visual devices; 3) if they play a specific role in the structure of the manuscript book. Finally, an attempt is made to address the examination of colophones as paratextual elements
A Document about a Sale in Požarevac (1731)
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Savić Viktor ,   Institute for the Serbian Language, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Published: October 2024

A unique document about the sale of a shop in Požarevac on 6 August 1731 was found in the belongings of Aleksandar Belić. The document is important and interesting in many ways. First of all, after the collapse of Serbian medieval states (15th century), the local chancery practice in the central Serbian areas almost died out. It had an extended life in the international correspondence between the Ottoman Empire and Christian countries and provinces (14th–15th centuries), especially before the conquest of Hungary. Bearing in mind the destruction of state, church and private archives, any document from the territory of Serbia written in the Serbian or Slavonic language and dating from the period between the 15th and 18th centuries is a great rarity. The discussed document was created in Požarevac under the short-lived “Kingdom of Serbia” as part of the Habsburg Monarchy (1718–1739). It was written in the script that can be described as the last stage of what had formerly been Rascian chancery running-hand script (skoropis’), in the vernacular Serbian language with formulaic elements of the Serbian Slavonic, while revealing a significant presence of Turkish loanwords. The paper traces the development of the Serbian scribal tradition defined in the 13th–14th centuries in the new epoch, which was “an extension of the Middle Ages”, bearing in mind the circumstances in Serbian lands under Ottoman rule. In reality, this is the last offspring of Serbian medieval scribal traditions preceding the penetration of Russian Slavonic and Russian literacy (1726–1733).
Bulgarian Scribe-calligrapher Dobrian: New Evidence and Forgotten Facts
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Turilov Anatolij
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the work of the Bulgarian scribe-calligrapher Dobrian, active in the second half of the 13th – early 14th century. The paper dwells on various controversial issues raised in connection with Dobrian’s legacy and introduces previously unknown manuscripts which can be attributed to him, foremost the famous Pogodin Psalter.
Old Russian Commentaries on Prayers in a 14th-сentury Copy
Authors:   Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vershinin Konstantin
Published: October 2024

The paper examines a previously unknown text (or a number of texts?) found in an Old Russian miscellany of the 14th century and consisting of commentaries on five Orthodox prayers, four of which were included in the so-called usual beginning (“The Heavenly King”; “O Come, Let Us Worship”; “The Trisagion”; “O All–Holy Trinity”; the fifth is the Jesus Prayer). The text is damaged, the beginning being missing. Our analysis makes clear that the commentaries are of Russian origin and date back to earlier times, probably 12th or early 13th century. They contain valuable information regarding theological knowledge and ascetic doctrine in the Old Rus’. Of special interest is a remark on the Names of God. The text referred is published in the annex.
Curating Content for Course Chatbots: Ethical Considerations for Educators
Authors: Watkins Ryan
Published: October 2024

As AI-driven chatbots make their way into college courses, the potential to offer 24/7 support for students might be transformative. But there's a catch: when we customize these chatbots by uploading documents, we don't just add knowledge - we introduce biases. Whether intentional or not, the documents we select shape the chatbot's responses, potentially influencing how students engage with course topics and, ultimately, how they think. So, how do we ensure we're promoting critical thinking, and not just using AI (and more specifically Large Language Models or LLMs) to reinforce our own perspectives?
When Lack of Control Leads to Uncertainty: Explaining the Effect of Anomie on Support for Authoritarianism
Authors: Neerdaels Jasper , Teymoori Ali , Tröster Christian , Van Quaquebeke Niels
Published: October 2024

Studies have shown that anomie, i.e., the perception that a society’s leadership and social fabric are breaking down, is a central predictor of individuals’ support for authoritarianism. However, causal evidence for this relationship is missing. Moreover, previous studies are ambiguous regarding the mediating mechanism and lack empirical tests for the same. Against this background, we derive a set of integrative hypotheses: First, we argue that perceptions of anomie lead to a perceived lack of political control. The repeated failure to exert control in the political sphere leads to feelings of uncertainty about the functioning and meaning of the political world. This uncertainty heightens people’s susceptibility to authoritarianism because, we argue, the latter promises a sense of order, meaning, and the guidance of a ‘strong leader’. We support our hypothesis in a large-scale field study with a representative sample of the German population (N = 1504), while statistically ruling out alternative explanations. Adding internal validity, we provide causal evidence for each path in our sequential mediation hypothesis in three preregistered, controlled experiments (conducted in the U.S., total N = 846). Our insights may support policymakers in addressing the negative political consequences of anomie.
Prioritizing feature bindings across space and modality in working memory
Authors: Cinar Hatice , Atkinson Amy Louise , Waterman Amanda , Allen Richard John
Published: October 2024

A growing body of evidence shows that selective attention can be strategically directed to prioritize items of higher ‘value’ in working memory. This work has typically been limited to tests of feature binding using simple ‘unitized’ colored shapes as memoranda. The current study explored whether value-directed prioritization can be effectively applied when feature pairings of color and shape are separated out, either into different spatial locations (Experiment 1) or across visual and auditory presentation modalities (Experiments 2a and 2b). Experiment 1 found an overall cost to working memory performance when features were spatially separated, relative to a unitized condition, while Experiments 2a and 2b found no such cost for cross-modal feature separation. Across these experiments, there was no evidence for interaction between binding condition and prioritization; participants were equally able to derive performance benefits from prioritizing high value items in the sequence, regardless of whether features were encountered as part of the same unitized object or separated in space or modality. The findings have implications for the relationship between working memory and attention, and suggest that value-directed prioritization can be effectively applied across different types of material.
The Role of Attention in Basic Ensemble Statistics Processing
Authors: Lukashevich Anton , Sigurdardottir Heida Maria , Kudryavstsev Nikita , Utochkin Igor
Published: October 2024

The visual system can represent information about multiple objects in the form of ensemble statistics, such as their mean feature. Although ensemble representation is often considered a strategy to deal with attentional capacity limitations, it is under debate whether it requires attention. We investigated this question using two ERP markers, the P3 which is evoked by change detection of attended stimuli, and visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) which is elicited by automatic sensory discrimination under attention diverted from the critical stimulus. In Experiment 1 (attended ensemble changes), observers attended to ensembles and reported rare changes of their mean orientation, while fixating on a central cross. In Experiment 2 (unattended ensemble changes), participants attended to changes in a central cross and ignored the background ensemble stimuli which also sporadically changed mean orientation. When ensembles were attended, changes in their mean evoked the P3 component, a marker of conscious change detection. When the same ensembles were unattended, no evidence for the vMMN, a marker of automatic discrimination, to ensemble mean changes was found. These results let us suggest that attention is critical for ensemble discrimination.
Navigating the Path Toward Professional Wellbeing: Decoding the Relationship Between Positive Mental Health and Resilience in Physicians at a High-Complexity Hospital in Bogotá.
Authors: Mejía Lucía Rocha , Plata Mariana Meza , Rincón Melissa Rivero , Ramírez María Antonia , Colautti Cecilia , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Addressing mental health, a dynamic and culturally variable concept, requires comprehensive analysis in the medical field. This study highlights the importance of researching positive mental health and resilience in doctors starting their careers, going beyond the mere absence of mental disorders. It emphasizes the need to understand resilience as an essential component in this context, especially in the face of challenges such as "Burnout" syndrome. Methodology: The "Positive Mental Health (PMH) Scale" and the "Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale" were administered to doctors beginning their career paths. A descriptive and correlational analysis was conducted between the results of both scales. Results: A total of 93 young medical professionals participated, with most women. The results reveal a positive correlation between positive mental health and resilience. Although, in general, an increase in positive mental health was associated with greater resilience, atypical cases showed inverse correlations, thus underscoring the complexity of this relationship. Discussion: The evident correlation between positive mental health and resilience highlights the importance of adaptability in challenging work environments. The low scores in criteria assessing physical and emotional aspects suggest potential deficiencies in the comprehensive understanding of what positive mental health entails in the studied population. There is a highlighted need to strengthen strategies to manage work-related stress, especially in improving equanimity. Conclusions: There is a correlation between positive mental health and resilience in this group of professionals. Understanding this relationship enriches knowledge and suggests practical strategies to improve the quality of life of healthcare professionals, specifically doctors, prioritizing a balance between work and personal life.
Sleep, Parasomnias, and Psychological Adjustment Among Students with Different Disabilities
Authors: Fichten Catherine , Havel Alice , Libman Eva , Bailes Sally , jorgensen mary , Qin Yuxuan , liao huanan , creti laura , Vasseur Abi , Zlotea Bianca , Budd Jillian , Vo Christine
Published: October 2024

parasomnias, sleep and disability among college students
Demonstrating High Validity of a New AI-Language Assessment of PTSD: A Sequential Evaluation with Model Pre-registration
Authors: Kjell Oscar Nils Erik , Ganesan Adithya V , Boyd Ryan , Oltmanns Joshua R. , Rivero Alfredo , Feltman Scott , Carr Melissa Anne , Luft Benjamin , Kotov Roman , Schwartz H. Andrew
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown promise in identifyingpsychopathology based on the language used by patients, providing a scalable method forobtaining relevant behavioral markers. However, no existing models for assessing posttraumaticstress disorder (PTSD) have successfully demonstrated out-of-sample replicability. We developa language-based AI model for PTSD and rigorously evaluate replicability in a prospectivesample.METHODS: Participants from the Stony Brook World Trade Center (WTC) Health andWellness Program described their lives in an automated interview during a clinical monitoringvisit. The language was analysed using AI to assess PTSD CheckList (PCL) for total symptomseverity score and four symptom subscales and validated against medical record PTSDdiagnosis.To yield realistic accuracy estimates in this cross-sectional study, we propose the SequentialEvaluation with Model Pre-registration design, consisting of an iterative, two-phase pre-registration paradigm. The first pre-registration specifies the data split, the model development,and the initial hypotheses. The second pre-registration specifies the exact pre-trained models,data cleaning procedures, and the refined hypotheses.RESULTS: The data split included a development (N=1437) and a prospective (N=346) dataset.Within the prospective sample, the pre-registered models produced scores that significantlycorrelated with their targets: PCL total (r=.38, p-value<.001) and the four subscales (r=.28–.37,p-value<.001). The pre-registered model for PCL total showed a robust association with PTSDdiagnosis (AUC=.76), significantly outperforming demographics (AUC=.61, p-value=.006),WTC attack exposures (AUC=.61, p-value=.007) and a validated depression language model(AUC=.60, p-value<.001).CONSLUSIONS: We developed new AI-language assessments of PTSD symptom severity.Within a clinical setting and over prospectively collected participant data, the assessmentsreplicated with high convergent validity with self-report and high external validity againstdiagnosis in medical records. Analyses of observable behavioral markers in automated clinicalinterview language can produce robust psychiatric assessments, overcoming limitations foundin traditional assessments.
Cross-Language Transfer in Cross-Country Contexts: Examining Longitudinal Relationships between Urdu Phonological Processing and English Reading in Pakistan and Canada
Authors: Bhalloo Insiya , Chen Xi , Molnar Monika
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study examines whether kindergarten-level Urdu phonological processing predicts the future Grade 1 English word and non-word reading accuracy skills of Urdu-English bilinguals in (i) Pakistan, with an Urdu as a national/societal-language country context, and (ii) Canada, with an Urdu as a heritage-language country context. Method: At Timepoint 1 of this longitudinal study, we assessed 154 Urdu-English kindergarten-aged bilinguals in Pakistan (n = 104) and Canada (n = 50) on their Urdu phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming (RAN) skills, via the Urdu Phonological Tele-Assessment Tool (U-PASS). After 1 year at Timepoint 2, we tested their English word and non-word reading accuracy skills at the Grade 1 level. Result: Our hierarchical linear regressions consistently demonstrated cross-language transfer between Urdu phonological awareness and the English word and non-word reading accuracy measures in both Pakistan and Canada. Predictive strength differences were demonstrated between RAN and reading outcomes, based on country-specific contexts. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that languages learnt in both a societal or heritage context (i.e., Urdu) contribute to early reading skills in another language (i.e., English), thereby emphasizing the importance of overall cross-language knowledge at the early stages of learning to read. This study also emphasizes the role of cross-language transfer for facilitating equitable access to early assessment for bilingual populations: Urdu phonological processing skills can be used to identify bilingual children’s future English reading abilities, rather than waiting until the child demonstrates adequate English language proficiency for completing traditional English phonological processing assessments.
ELT Classroom Management Strategies: A Case of Grade Eight in Nepalese Schools
Authors: Banstola Pitri Raj
Published: October 2024

Managing the classroom is one of the responsibilities of a school teacher. A well-managed classroom enhances English language teaching and learning. However, the trend of ELT classroom management in Nepalese schools is still unresearched. Therefore, the paper aims to explore the ELT classroom management strategies in grade eight of Neplease Schools. Following an ethnographical design under a qualitative research approach and involving students and teachers of nine English classes of grade eight from eight schools in Pokhara city as the participants, I collected qualitative information through observation, interview, and FGD. The findings reveal that teachers attempt to manage their classrooms variously. However, classroom management is still incomplete. Instead of formulating new strategies, the rooms are traditionally organised, and the seats are arranged in orderly rows. The teachers follow unauthentic materials as the textbooks, use usual materials and apply lecture techniques for all the lessons. Teachers, educators, school administration, and policymakers should formulate new strategies for managing English classrooms.
Teachers’ Experiences and Challenges of Integrating ICTs in English Language Classrooms in Rural Schools of Nepal
Authors: Joshi Khem Raj , Ayer Ramesh
Published: October 2024

This study explored the English language teachers' experiences of using Information Communication Tools (ICTs) in the rural schools' classrooms of Ramechhap district, Nepal. It mainly focused on three aspects: the exploration of the tools used by the teachers; the challenges in implementing ICTs; and the possible solutions to cope with the situations from the perspectives based on the teachers' experiences. Using a qualitative approach, through narrative inquiry, the research involved a series of unstructured interviews with five purposively selected participants. We have analysed the information descriptively and thematically. The findings indicate that the teachers utilised various ICTs including laptops, mobiles, multimedia projectors, websites, Facebook groups, PowerPoints, and printers to enhance the teaching/learning. However, several challenges were identified, such as heavy workloads, time constraints, maintenance issues, erratic electricity supply, inadequate ICT resources and financial limitations. To handle the situations, the teachers employed various strategies like selective ICT use, use of personal computers, advocacy with higher authorities, workshop organisation, and ensuring reliable electricity and internet connectivity. To integrate ICTs in teaching and mitigate those barriers, the study recommends focusing on teacher training programs, ensuring consistent and reliable internet access, maintaining an uninterrupted power supply, providing adequate financial support, and implementing systematic monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. By addressing these recommendations, educators in rural Nepal can potentially enhance their teaching effectiveness through improved ICT integration, thereby, facilitating better learning experiences for the students in English Language Teaching (ELT) classrooms.
English in Education in Nepal: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Khadka Bishnu Kumar
Published: October 2024

Education is shaped and directed by the medium of dissemination. It is the language used as the medium of disseminating educational norms and values to the human capital of the nation. In this regard, this article briefly summarises the role and coverage of English in the Nepali education system via curricula of Nepali school to university education. Based on the analysis and interpretation of the review of the related literature and evidence, it was found that the English language has been playing a dominant role in the Nepali education system from school to university level in terms of the medium of teaching and learning, curricula, testing and certification. English serves as the primary language for curricula, textbooks, reference materials, and reading resources mandated for instruction and study across all educational levels in Nepal, starting from nursery through tertiary education. It acts as the medium of instruction in numerous private institutions and certain government-funded public schools. Moreover, it is utilised as the language for conducting final examinations, including the formulation of question papers for most subjects, excluding language-specific courses. In technical fields and some general subjects, it is also used for answering exam questions.
Post-Pandemic Possibilities in Mandel's Station Eleven
Authors: Sharma Prakash
Published: October 2024

This paper explores how human self-centeredness and indifference to the ecological balance bring human existence into crisis inviting different apocalypses; and examines the post-pandemic possibilities in Emile St. John Mandel’s novel Station Eleven. The text discusses the crisis caused by a pandemic killing ninety percent of the human population. This study concentrates on the hectic life of the characters before the pandemic, the critical life during the pandemic and the post-apocalyptic life freed from machines and material greed. It analyses how people’s material greed and negligence on harmonious human-nonhuman relations result in the crisis. To bring the crisis of the pandemic into normality, the writer uses art in different forms. In other words, this study examines human experiences in the face of extreme loss and shows the importance of art in adversity. The focus of the study is to show how bleakness, pessimism and adversity dominate the narrative and simultaneously unfold certain events and situations that signal optimism in the novel. This research is based on the library study and uses data from both primary and secondary sources. The critical insights of Lawrence Buell and Val Plumwood about human self-centeredness and interdependence between the biotic and abiotic world are the theoretical ideas for textual analysis of the primary text. It concludes that the presentation of the horrific situation in the novel is for creating eco-consciousness and the situations of possibilities are for the generation of hope in crisis. This research work promotes eco-consciousness and sustains hope even in critical situations.
Investigating the Pedagogical Values of Smartphones: Students’ Experiences from Nepal’s Rural Community Schools
Authors: Kandel Sunita , Khanal Govinda Prasad
Published: October 2024

The utility of smartphones for school-age learners has become much discussed and debated issue recently. Teachers, school administrators and students have their personal beliefs about the pedagogical value of smartphones. This paper aims to explore secondary-level students’ lived experience of using smartphones to support content and language learning. It examines socio-psychological pressures experienced by learners in using smartphones, particularly in schools. This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted among sixteen rural secondary students (Grade 12) in the Central-Western Tarai in Nepal. The findings indicated the perceived pedagogical value of smartphones as the students could enhance self-learning when they were provided with proper guidance and support from their teachers. Although students experienced pressure from parents and teachers to avoid smartphone use, they found alternative ways of using them to support their learning. The findings implied that the students’ increased access to technology can support enhancing the learning of the curricular contents and language.
Exploring How English Language Learners Use ChatGPT in Their Email Writing Processes
Authors: Kusumaningrum Widya , Lim Hwee Jean , Challis Kate , Beck Jeanne
Published: October 2024

ChatGPT has captured the attention of educators worldwide due to its ability to rapidly generate linguistic responses to novel natural language prompts. Teachers and students alike are exploring ways the tool can promote learning and increase efficiency in carrying out common tasks in English. In line with this, the purpose of this study is to examine how English learners (ELs) use ChatGPT to create their emails and what features the EL’s email exhibit in comparison to ChatGPT’s output. We examined six university-level EL’s ChatGPT use while drafting emails using Baaijen & Galbraith’s (2018) five-part framework evaluating 1) time spent on each task, 2) production cycles (i.e. the number of prompts used for each task), 3) conceptual similarity, 4) text modification, and 5) sentence similarity between ChatGPT’s output and the participant’s final draft. These data revealing how ELs interact with ChatGPT can inform teachers as they attempt to leverage this technology with learners. This research also provides insight into Els’ email, an understudied aspect of their writing which is important for navigating their academic.
Detecting Aberrant Responses in Automated L2 Spoken English Assessment
Authors: Gao Shilin , Gales Mark , Xu Jing
Published: October 2024

Automated marking systems are increasingly used in computer-based semi-direct speaking assessment to cater to the rising demand of marking efficiency. However, aberrant responses, such as incomprehensible speech or nonsensical answers, pose a threat to the accuracy of these systems. Using candidate responses from the Linguaskill Business speaking assessment, this study trained and evaluated two classifiers, namely a feature-based multi-layer perceptron classifier and a BERT-based classifier, for detecting aberrations in the L2 English spoken data. Additionally, the study examined the effect of this detection on the accuracy of the Linguaskill automated marking system. The study found that aberrant responses occurred more frequently among low-proficiency candidates despite their scarcity in the spoken data. Both classifiers were found to be effective in detecting aberrant responses whilst the feature-based classifier performed slightly better. A significant increase in the performance of the Linguaskill automated marking system was observed by adding the feature-based classifier.