bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Biochemiluminescent Assay for Rapid Diagnosis of Influenza
Authors: Lin Xuexiang , Gu Jia
Published: October 2021

Background: A biochemiluminescent assay of influenza diagnosis is presented. The assay diagnoses influenza based on detection of the influenza viral neuraminidase activity. An instrument designed for the assay is also reported. This assay solves the problem that current influenza virus diagnosis assays are susceptible to virus mutation. Methods: A luciferase-based complex is synthesized as biochemiluminescent substrate. The substrate is cleaved to free luciferin with presence of influenza neuraminidase in specimen. Luciferase is oxidized to oxyluciferin with luciferin as catalyzer resulting in luminescence, which is proportional to the neuraminidase activity and measured by instrument. The instrument uses a photomultiplier tube (PMT) as sensor, with 24 test channels. Fine optical arrangements enable the instrument with high sensitive and accuracy. Results: A total of 389 clinical specimens were collected to evaluate the performance of the assay in clinical settings. This assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.92% (95% confidence interval: 91.38%-98.12%) and 97.93% (95% confidence interval: 95.26%-99.11%), respectively, compared to the colloidal gold assay. Conclusion: As a biochemiluminscence assay, this assay is advantageous in sensitivity and specificify. It does not require any washing and separation steps, which makes the instrument simple in design and easy to operate or maintenance. The assay is suitable for the rapid diagnosis of influenza virus in POC settings.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity by Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Markers in Sour Cherry Genotypes Collected from the Kelkit Basin of Turkey
Authors: YAMAN MEHMET
Published: October 2021

BackroundTurkey's ecological and geographical diversity allows the cultivation of most plant species that have economic importance throughout the country. One of these species, sour cherry, is among the stone fruits that are very important for human health. In this study, it was aimed to determine by morphological, biochemical, and molecular marker technique (ISSR) in the genetic diversity of 21 sour cherry genotypes grown from seed in Kelkit Valley and standard Kutahya cultivars.Methods and ResultsIn the results of the study, genotype 22 (especially fruit weight) in terms of fruit characteristics and genotype 20 in terms of leaf characteristics produced better results than the other genotypes. In molecular marker analysis, a total of 70 bands were obtained from 12 ISSR primers and 49 of them were polymorphic. The mean polymorphism rate in the study was 70%, and the DICE's similarity coefficient of genotypes differed between 0.81 and 0.95. Polymorphism percentages of the ISSR primers varied from 20–100%. In biochemical analyzes, G17 with 140.18 mg QE/100 g in total flavonoid content, G19 with 208.63 mg GAE/100 g in total phenolic content, G19 with 8.33 mg cyn-3-gluc /100 g in total anthocyanin content compared to other genotypes prominent genotypes.ConclusionThe use of the obtained results in breeding studies to be carried out on this species, as well as the detection and protection of gene sources, may be beneficial for researchers.
Curved Interference Pattern Created by Photons Behaving as Particle---Double Slit Experiment Still Has Much to Offer
Authors: Peng Hui
Published: October 2021

Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been described by either the classical wave, or quantum probability waves or pilot waves. Recently, the novel experiments show that the interference patterns of the double slit/cross-double slit experiments may be curved. The previous phenomena of the light bending contain the gravity bending and Airy beam curving transversely. The curved Airy beam is interpreted by the quantum Schrödinger’s wave equation and electromagnetic wave theory. To study the curved interference patterns of the comprehensive double slit experiments, we study the underlying physics first, namely, to study whether the light beam/photons behave as wave or as particle before forming the curved interference pattern. In this article, the comprehensive double slit experiments are performed, which show: (1) the fringes of the curved interference pattern are created independently and may be create partially; (2) the longitudinal shield and the metal tube inserted between the slide and the detector has no effect on the interference pattern. The experimental observations suggest that, before forming the curved interference pattern on the detector, photons behave as particles, which can be referred as “wave-particle-coexistence”. The phenomena provide the comprehensive information/data for the theoretical study.
An extended family of perforated submicrometer hollow or core-shell plasmonic particles as antireflective synthetic brochosomes
Authors: Jakšić Zoran , Obradov Marko , Jakšić Olga , Tanasković Dragan
Published: October 2021

We investigated different biomimetic structures inspired by natural brochosome powders which appear on the bodies and wings of leafhoppers (insects from the Cicadellidae family). All structures we analyzed are roughly spherical, with diameters 200 nm to 1000 nm, with a core and a shell made of different materials and the core perforated with subwavelength holes with diameters of the order of tens of nanometers. We extended the range of possible designs, geometries and materials of synthetic brochosomes, inspired by their natural counterparts found as powders secreted by various species of leafhoppers. We performed simulation of the optical properties of the structures using the finite element method. We found out that our approach ensures the design of highly efficient omnidirectional ultra-antireflective diffractive powders with subwavelength apertures. The reflectivity of 600 nm diameter holey spheres does not exceed 0.02% in 500-600 nm range. We showed that planar arrays of plasmonic-based artificial brochosomes exhibit a rich optical behavior, including effective refractive index below unity and even below zero at longer wavelengths. Such metamaterial-like behavior contributes to the multifunctionality of our synthetic brochosomes which can already serve as antireflective, superhydrophobic and highly porous structures controllable by design. This kind of versatility shows potentials for numerous practical uses. A major part of the novel functionalities stems from the use of nanocomposites containing free-electron conductors (plasmonic materials). Thus we arrived at a toolbox for the design of highly customizable antireflective layers. Potential fields of use include photodetectors, photoelectrochemistry, photocatalysis and general microoptoelectromechanical (MOEMS) systems.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM ON HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES REGARDING SELECTED AGE-RELATED PROBLEM AMONG THE CAREGIVERS OF THE ELDERLY IN SELECTED AREA OF THE DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND
Authors:   Nursing Student, 2019 to 2021 Batch, and Shri Guru Ram Rai University, College of Nursing, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand., Joshi Gunjan , Thomas Renjith ,   Nursing Student, 2019 to 2021 Batch, and Shri Guru Ram Rai University, College of Nursing, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand., Philips Sheeba ,   Nursing Student, 2019 to 2021 Batch, and Shri Guru Ram Rai University, College of Nursing, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand., Ramalaxmi G. ,   Nursing Student, 2019 to 2021 Batch, and Shri Guru Ram Rai University, College of Nursing, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
Published: October 2021

As a huge portion of our population is taken over by geriatrics i.e., they will be a key factor in the coming age-quake, when the elderly will comprise a large a share of the population, their care becomes an important aspect. Every 15 seconds, an older adult is admitted to the emergency room for a fall. A senior die from falling every 29 minutes, making it the lead cause of injury among the elderly. In addition to this there are few more problems older adults are more prone of which like memory loss, depression/loneliness, cataract and malnutrition. Quantitative research approach and pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on health promotion strategies regarding selected age-related problems among the caregiver of elderly in selected area Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The sample of 60 caregiver of elderly will be taken by using non-probability purposive sampling technique.
PERIPAPILLARY RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER THICKNESS IN MYOPIA USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of ophthalmology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh., Kamala Kumari Jaggarapu , Rama Bharathi N. ,   Associate Professor, Department of ophthalmology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
Published: October 2021

This is a observational cross sectional study conducted in tertiary care hospital in the department of ophthalmology to evaluate the effect of myopia on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in various quadrants and clock hour positions using optical coherence tomography ,with a sample size of 100 myopic eyes.Out of 100, 30 were males and there is significant decrease in peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in high myopics when compared to low and moderate myopics and also decrease retinal fibre layer thickness in all quadrants except temporal quadrant.
Symbols of Heroes in the Indonesian and Chinese Movies
Authors: Januarti Woro
Published: October 2021

The research aimed to compare a movie with the theme of heroes from Indonesia and China that must contain messages in seeing heroes, hero images, ideology, and even heroic culture the two countries. It explored 20 Indonesian and Chinese films with comparative literary perspectives related to the theme of heroism. The focuses of this research were (1) how could the image of the hero created by the film provide a view of each country’s people’s culture, (2) could the movies provided more detailed information on the policies of each country, (3) how could films strengthen the relationship between Indonesia and China. The approach used in this research was the comparative literary theory of the symbol of heroism that appears in Chinese and Indonesian films. The method used in this research was to use qualitative methods with a comparative literature perspective. The data source from the dialogue in the film “Merah Putih”, “Gie”, “Susi Susanti”, “Soekarno”, “Tanah Surga Katanya”, “3 Srikandi”, “Laskar Pemimpi”, “Guru Bangsa”, “Soegija”, “Jenderal Soedirman”, 攀登者 (The Climbers), 中国机长 (The Captain), 红海行动 (Operation Red Sea), 烈火英雄 (The Bravest),战狼 1 (Wolf Warrior 1), 战狼 2 (Wolf Warrior 2), 建国大业 (The Founding of A Republic), 建党大业 (Beginning of The Great Revival), 建军大业 (The Founding of An Army), 叶问 (IP Man). The data analysis technique used were (1) determining variables, (2) classification, (3) analysis, (4) conclusions. The results show that the symbols of heroism in Indonesian and Chinese films have similarities to the fight against colonialism, injustice, and class. The theme of heroism in the two countries’ films has striking differences, such as Chinese films are more concerned with collective characters’ obligations and interests, the film does not have an element of humor, the theme emphasizes conflicts with other countries. While Indonesia highlights individual characters’ views, movies still include comedy and emphasize domestic problems.
Corpus-Based Analysis of Online Hoax Discourse on Transportation Subject Picturing Indonesian Issue
Authors: Pinem Yune Andryani
Published: October 2021

This research discussed Indonesian hoax on transportation, spread using chain messages over social media, a major hoax subject. Setting social structure as an element to consider in hoax discourse gave different perspectives on why  hoax news took place. Contrasting identified online hoax discourse to corpus-derived prosody could be interpreted using  a sociopragmatic approach by Lin and Chung (2016). This research tried to look at how discourse on hoax correlated to  real social issues among Indonesian people. Digital forensic was done by tracking discourse used as data from hoax news  collection on turnbackhoax.com during 2017-2019. Discourse was later generated into clusters of subject idea of ‘tilang’, ‘jalan tol’, public land transport and infrastructure, ‘kecelakaan pesawat’, ‘lowongan kerja’, ‘China’, insecurity  toward government and ‘kecelakaan kapal’. The subject idea was later consulted to Indonesian Web Corpus (IWAC).  Through the socio-pragmatic approach, prosody derived by contrasting process portrayed hoax on transportation as a  reflection of unsolved current social problems among Indonesian community including distrust toward the government,  unawareness on transport safety, law and regulation, economic status, and trend. The finding of this research is  recommended to take action toward those problems to eliminate hoax spread in the transportation sector.
English Language Teachers’ Perspective of Using L1 in TEFL Class
Authors: Dezas Perdani Yella
Published: October 2021

The research discussed the using the first language in teaching a foreign language that had been a debate for language teaching practitioners for decades in language acquisition. The debate was about whether it was all right to use it in a foreign language class or not and how it affected the students’ learning process and result. Because of the pro and cons of using the first language in teaching a foreign language, the research was conducted to find out the use of the first language in teaching English as a foreign language. The research aimed to discover to what extent and in which instances L1 was used by the teachers in their English teaching class in terms of the teaching stages, including pre-teaching, whilst-teaching, and post-teaching in the classroom. The research also searched teachers’ perspectives and reasons for using L1 in their English class. Moreover, the research used a qualitative method to gathered information from the participants. The participants were four English teachers who taught English at senior high school in Bandung-West Java province, Majalengka-West Java province, Pangkal Pinang- Bangka Province, and Kuok-Riau Province. The collections of the data were questionnaires and interviews. The findings show that most teachers use Indonesian as L1 in the whilst-teaching stage when they deliver the materials. They use L1 to clarify the students’ understanding of the materials given and explain English language concepts, grammatical concepts, and difficult words. They argue that using L1 helps both teachers and students in teaching and learning English as a foreign language.
Cultural Representation in EFL Textbooks for the Seventh Graders: A Multimodal Analysis
Authors: Prihatiningsih Fransiska , Petrus Ismail , Silvhiany Sary
Published: October 2021

This research aimed to investigate the types of cultures represented in the EFL textbooks for the seventh graders. Two EFL textbooks were analyzed: ‘When English Rings a Bell’ and ‘English on Sky 1’. This research used qualitative content analysis as method of research and applied Kress and van Leeuwen’s multimodal social semiotic approach as the technique of analyzing the data. The result reveals that imbalances in the representation of cultural types exist. Source culture is represented more dominantly compared to target and international culture. It implies that both the authors and the publishers of the textbooks prioritize the learners’ identities construction and characters education rather than focus on the use of language as the lingua franca. Consequently, it could constrain the opportunities for learners to acquire international cultural knowledge and become successful intercultural communicators. Therefore, English teachers need to take an active role in selecting appropriate textbooks and adding supplementary materials or activities to patch up the shortcomings of the textbooks.
Investigation of money laundering and financing of terrorism by the Investigative Committee of Russia
Authors:   Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Bastrykin Alexandr I.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the work is to show the public danger of money laundering and financing of terrorism, and to identify ways to improve the existing legislation to curb these crimes. The research comprehensively examines the practice of identifying and investigating money laundering and financing of terrorism by the Investigative Committee of Russia. Today, these crimes pose a serious threat to Russian society and have a destructive effect on the country’s economy. The article analyzes the results of the Investigative Committee of Russia’s work on the investigation of these crimes, examines the experience of interaction with specialized state organizations in this field, and also discusses various methods of money laundering and financing of terrorism with specific examples. Particular attention is paid to the prevention and suppression of terrorism and extremism, including prevention of radical ideology. The results of the joint work of the Investigative Committee of Russia with other law enforcement structures of the Russian Federation in this field are also presented and supported by statistical data. Particular focus is placed on the financing of terrorism by attracting funds through the Internet, which today has become one of the main channels for the movement of financial flows. In addition, the article analyzes the legal framework on the basis of which the state authorities of the Russian Federation carry out comprehensive work to identify and suppress the financing of terrorism. The work also discloses the role of digital currency, the turnover of which bears certain risks and can be used for anonymous financial support of terrorist organizations. The main conclusion is that effective opposition to the legalization of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism can be carried out simultaneously with the suppression of extremist ideology at two levels — national and international.
International legal analysis of privileges and immunities of the Eurasian Economic Union (selected customs aspects)
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Vorontsova Natalia A.
Published: October 2021

International treaties on both general and special issues, adopted at the universal, regional and bilateral levels, provide a variety of legal mechanisms for the cooperation of States in one of the branches of international law — international customs law. Here there is a very specific set of international legal norms, of course, corresponding to general international law and at the same time introducing its own characteristics. The article provides an analysis of the privileges and immunities that are within the competence of customs administrations. In particular, the author considers the so-called “customs privileges” provided to a certain category of persons in the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter referred to as EAEU or Union). The article analyzes the customs aspect of the EAEU law and the relevant provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963 regarding the procedure for granting privileges and immunities to certain categories of people, the movement of diplomatic mail and the consular bag. In addition, the practice of the Russian Federation on the above-mentioned issues is described. The relevance of the research topic is due to the adoption of the new EAEU Customs Code in 2017, which has undergone significant changes in terms of customs regulation of the provision of immunities and privileges for a certain category of persons, the legal analysis of which requires correlation with international standards in this field adopted earlier. The peculiarities of customs regulation within the framework of the EAEU, regarding the granting of immunities and privileges to certain categories of persons, are pointed out and adherence to their norms of international law is noted.
Payment for legal services in the USA civil procedure: Contingent fee, American rule and their impact on the judicial caseload
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Kniazev Dmitrii V. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the influential mechanism of the contingent fee and the American rule on the number of filings to the US judicial system, and, consequently, on the judicial caseload as a whole. The author concludes that at the moment there is no uniform idea about the role of contingent fee arrangements and the American rule in the growth of the number of filings to courts. There are two opposing views on this issue: those who stand on the side of the plaintiffs’ attorneys (and therefore for the contingent fee and for the American rule), on the one hand, and those who act on behalf of the defendants (which means against these institutions). With certainty, it can only be argued that the contingent fee and the American rule complement each other. The contingent fee justifies its existence by expanding the accessibility of justice. Under the fee, those who are unable to pay for the services of a lawyer get the opportunity to go to court. And this availability is largely based on the plaintiff ’s belief that even in the event of a loss, he will not have to pay the defendant’s costs. Together, these rules, according to their supporters, make it possible to ensure the implementation of one of the unshakable values — the right of every American to get their “day in court”. At the same time, many facts indicate that the “bundle” of the contingent fee and the American rule has led to an increase in the number of clearly unreasonable, frivolous, nuisance lawsuits that are filed not with the aim of obtaining a positive court decision, but only to persuade the defendant to accept a settlement agreement on the payment of compensation to the plaintiff.
Sinfonia and Ouverture in the Baroque Era: Terminological Aspect
Authors:   Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory, Bocharov Yury S.
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on the use of sinfonia and ouverture as terms in the Baroque era. Its relevance is due to the fact that an objective picture of the Baroque musical culture is impossible without studying authentic terminology, including terms used as names of musical works or their sections. Since there have been no special musicological publications on this topic, information obtained as a result of the study can expand the traditional ideas about what the terms sinfonia and ouverture meant in the 17th and the first half of the 18th century. Sheet music and manuscripts as well as articles from the largest European dictionaries of that time indicate that the terms had different meanings. They were used not only in orchestral, but also in solo and ensemble music and even vocal compositions could be regarded as symphonies. Moreover, musical compositions or their sections, called sinfonias and overtures were intended not only for theatrical and concert practice, but also for performance at court and in even at church. According to the author, the terms sinfonia and ouverture in the Baroque era, in contrast to modern practice, were used as genre names only in regard to so-called Neapolitan opera symphonies and French overtures. Thus, these terms were generally used much more diversely than it follows from those traditional perceptions on which the modern theory of musical genres is largely based.
Performing Ornaments in English Harpsichord Music. Part I
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Panov Alexey A. , Rosanoff Ivan V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the problems of interpreting English ornaments (embellishments, graces) of the second half of the 17th century in the process of their evolution. The authors consistently analyze the recommendations of the early English musicians Edward Bevin, Christopher Simpson, Matthew Locke, John Playford, and Henry Purcell. Emphasis in this study is allotted to the first ever published in England full table of ornaments with their execution written by Christopher Simpson in his The Division-Violist (London, 1659). Detailed consideration here is given to the ornament named “Shaked Beat”. It should be noted that the first full table “Marques des Agréments et leur signification” in France was enclosed only in D’Anglebert’s Pièces de Clavecin (c1689). For comparison, recommendations of the performance of ornaments are provided by some Italian, German and French composers and theorists of this time, such as Emilio del Cavalieri, Guillaume-Gabriel Nivers, Jean Rousseau, Gilles Jullien, Étienne Loulié and Johann Gottfried Walther. A critical revision of scholarly publications on the problems of this study beginning from Edward Dannreuther and Arnold Dolmetsch to the present time has been carried out. Serious inaccuracies were found in the works of modern researchers and in reference and encyclopedic publications, including The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians and Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart.
The interaction of closely related languages in modern journalism: Opportunities for increasing expressiveness
Authors:   Vitebsk State University named after P. M. Masherov, Zaitseva Irina P.
Published: October 2021

Based on the material of Russian-language journalistic works of one popular Ukrainian media source (Weekly 2000), the article establishes and interprets the functional load of such a technique as the introduction into media texts of elements of a language that is closely related to the language of publication: in this case, a different type and character of Ukrainianisms (words, expressions, fragments of someone else’s speech, etc.). The conducted observations indicate that in modern Russian-language journalism of Ukraine, elements of a closely related Ukrainian language included in the text in the overwhelming majority of cases are endowed with the functions of a negative assessment of the depicted (which is almost always presented in a satirical or satirical-ironic key), while contributing to a more expressive transmission of the author’s attitude to subject of the picture. Such functions of Ukrainianisms in Ukraine’s journalism, created under the conditions of closely related bilingualism, are conditioned by extralinguistic factors — first of all, by the undemocratic language policy pursued by the state authorities for several decades. It is as a result of these actions that most of the considered text elements have formed the connotative content of a negative property, which, when introduced into a media text, is updated and / or expanded as a result of placing it in a context. In such a situation, well-known Ukrainianisms also acquire negative connotations, which have always been perceived as markers of the national-cultural Ukrainian flavor (vyshyvanka, rushnik, glechik, etc.), and this perception was extremely rarely negative. The analysis carried out provides grounds to assert that the appeal of journalists to the introduction of elements of contacting languages into media texts remains one of the most significant methods of increasing the expressiveness of a text, the specific load of which is determined both by extralinguistic factors and by the peculiarities of the author’s individual manner.
New Hope for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Bone Marrow Mesenchymal
Stem Cells and Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal
Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Zhang Xiao-bo , Chen Xiang-yi , Qi Jin , Zhou Hai-yu , Zhao Xiao-bing , Hu Yi-cun , Zhang Rui-hao , Yu De-chen , Gao Xi-dan , Wang Ke-ping , Ma Lin
Published: October 2021

:

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs), multidirectional cells with self-renewal
capacity, can differentiate into many cell types and play essential roles in tissue healing and regenerative
medicine. Cell experiments and in vivo research in animal models have shown that BMSCs
can repair degenerative discs by promoting cell proliferation and expressing Extracellular Matrix
(ECM) components, such as type II collagen and protein-polysaccharides. Delaying or reversing
the Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD) process at an etiological level may be an effective
strategy. However, despite increasingly in-depth research, some deficiencies in cell transplantation
timing and strategy remain, preventing the clinical application of cell transplantation. Exosomes exhibit
the characteristics of the mother cells from which they are secreted and can inhibit Nucleus
Pulposus Cell (NPC) apoptosis and delay IDD through intercellular communication. Furthermore,
the use of exosomes effectively avoids problems associated with cell transplantation, such as immune
rejection. This manuscript introduces almost all of the BMSCs and exosomes derived from
BMSCs (BMSCs-Exos) described in the IDD literature. Many challenges regarding the use of cell
transplantation and therapeutic exosome intervention for IDD remain to be overcome.
The Effects of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
on Female Fertility Restoration in Mice
Authors: Zhang Junhui , Wang Jinjuan , Liu Qiwei , Tang Yong , Ma Yuanyuan , Xue Zhigang
Published: October 2021

Background:

Female fertility refers to the capacity to produce oocytes and achieve fertilization
and pregnancy, and it is impaired by age, disease, environment and social pressure. However,
no effective therapy that restores female reproductive ability has been established. Mesenchymal
Stromal Cells (MSCs) exhibit multilineage differentiation potential and have attracted considerable
attention as a tool for restoring female fertility.

Methods:

This study used human umbilical cord-MSCs (Huc-MSCs) to restore fertility in aging female
mice and mice with chemotherapy-induced damage through the rescue of ovarian function
and reconstruction of the fallopian tubes and uterus. In our study, two mouse models were generated:
aging mice (35 weeks of age) and mice with chemotherapy-induced damage.

Results:

The effect of MSCs on the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus was evaluated by analyzing
gonadal hormone levels and by performing morphological and statistical analyses. The levels of estradiol
(E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) exhibited significant recovery after Huc-MSC
transplantation in both aging mice and chemotherapy-treated mice. Huc-MSC treatment also increased
the number of primordial, developing and preovulatory follicles in the ovaries of mice.
Moreover, MSCs were shown to rescue the morphology of the fallopian tubes and uterus through
mechanisms such as cilia regeneration in the fallopian tubes and reformation of glands and endometrial
tissue in the uterus.

Conclusion:

Huc-MSCs may represent an effective treatment for restoring female fertility through
recovery from chemotherapy-induced damage and rescue of female reproductive organs from the
effects of aging.
Naturally Derived Glycosides with Potential Activity against Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Zou Yulin , Fang Wei
Published: October 2021

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common pathogens and implicated
in a wide range of infections. It is responsible for a high rate of morbidity and mortality and has already
posed a great burden on the healthcare system. S. aureus strains have already generated resistance
to almost all available antibiotics, due to which the World Health Organization stratified S.
aureus as a high tier priority II pathogen. Glycosides, the secondary metabolites of many plants in
nature, possess a variety of pharmacological properties, including antibacterial activity against S.
aureus. The structural and mechanistic diversity make glycosides useful weapons against S.
aureus. This review summarizes the recent studies on naturally-derived glycosides and provides a
comprehensive summary regarding the status of the resources and the anti-S. aureus potential.
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) Antigen TpF1 Induces Activation of
Macrophages and Accelerates P2X7R-Induced NLRP3-Dependent Release
of IL-1β
Authors: Lu Dong-Ping , Jia Jie , Wei Shao-Feng , Zhang Wei-Lian , Liang Rui , Liu Ting , Yang Wen-Zhi , Li Bing-Yan , Zhang Rong , Wang Fen
Published: October 2021

Background:

Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum (Tp)
infection, which causes local inflammation in the host. TpF1 is an oligomeric protein expressed
by the Tp-infected host that can induce the host immune response. There are few studies regarding
the role of TpF1 in macrophage activation and the subsequent release of cytokines.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to elucidate the effects of TpF1 on the pathological process
of Syphilis. In addition, we explored how purinergic 2X7 (P2X7R) induced NOD-like receptor
family protein 3 (NLRP3) -dependent release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the underlying
mechanisms.

Methods:

We explored the influence of TpF1 on cytokine release by macrophages using qRT-PCR
and ELISA. The specific phenotype of activated macrophages was determined by flow cytometry.

Results:

TpF1 was able to activate macrophages and induce the M1 macrophage phenotype. Moreover,
TpF1 activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, which was mediated by P2X7R.

Conclusions:

The Tp-induced protein TpF1 is able to induce macrophage activation and P2X7R-induced
NLRP3-dependent release of IL-1β. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for clarifying
the clinical symptoms and pathogenesis of syphilis.
Effect of Curcumin Suspension and Vitamin C on Dentin Shear Bond Strength and Durability. A Pilot Study
Authors: Abuelenain Dalia A. , Abou Neel Ensanya A. , Abuhaimed Tariq S. , Alamri Amal M. , Ammar Hanan S. , Bukhary Sahar M. N.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Preserving the strength and durability of dentin bonds is a concern of dental researchers and practitioners.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treating etched dentin with vitamin C and curcumin suspension as cross-linking agents on the shear bond strength and durability of a universal dental adhesive.

Methods:

Extracted human third molar teeth were collected. Fifty-six flat coronal dentin surfaces were divided equally into four groups: (1) treated with adhesives; (2) etched with 37% H3PO4 for 10s before application of adhesives; (3) same as group (2), but with dentin treated with 2.5% curcumin suspension for 60s before the application of adhesive; and (4) same as group (3), but with the use of a 20% vitamin C suspension instead of a curcumin suspension. Filtek Z350XT composite was built for all samples. Half of the samples in each group were subjected to thermocycling. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the dentinal surfaces after treatment.

Results:

Treatment with curcumin suspension preserved immediate and long-term bond strength. Conversely, treatment of etched dentin with vitamin C solution significantly reduced the immediate bond strength, but a significant improvement was observed after aging. SEM showed that both cross-linking agents resulted in narrowing or closing of the dentinal tubules, with an adhesive mode of failure.

Conclusion:

The application of curcumin or vitamin C suspension to acid-etched dentin resulted in different effects on immediate and long-term shear bond strength when using universal adhesives.
Encouraging the Rise of Young Entrepreneurs: Promoting Entrepreneurial Intention through Storytelling
Authors: Taufik Taufik , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: October 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study is to use storytelling as a technique to develop entrepreneurial intention in Islamic boarding school graduates.

Background:

Most of thepesantrengraduates in Indonesia do not proceed on to university studies after completing their schooling due to financial problems and so lack the skills to work on jobs that could support their livelihood. Therefore,pesantrenwanted to develop a strategy to help its alumni find employment after completing their education. Increasing the entrepreneurial intention of graduates in various sectors is one way in whichpesantrenexpect to support graduates in finding their livelihood.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to test the effectiveness of storytelling in increasing entrepreneurial intentions in students.

Methods:

Sixty Islamic boarding school students participated in this study. The Solomon three-group design was used to test the effectiveness of storytelling in increasing the entrepreneurial intentions of students. Participants were divided into three groups: the experimental group, control group 1, and control group 2, each consisting of 20 students. The entrepreneurial-intention scale was used to measure the level of entrepreneurial intention among each group of students.

Results

First, there was a significant difference between the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in the experimental group (with treatment) and the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in control group 1 (without treatment). Second, the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in the experimental group (with treatment) was not different from the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in control group 2 (with treatment). Thus, the results were consistent in the sense that the group that received treatment had an increased level of entrepreneurial intention when compared with the group that did not receive any treatment.

Conclusion:

The results showed that storytelling was effective in increasing the entrepreneurial intention of students. In this study, the treatment of storytelling was integrated with a focus group discussion. Developing treatment with other techniques can have a greater effect on increasing the entrepreneurial intention of students.
Modeling the Effect of Organizational Justice on Employee's Well-Being, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Turnover Intentions through Employee Engagement
Authors: Aggarwal Arun , Mittal Amit
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

The last two decades had witnessed an increased interest in employee engagement by the academician and the practitioner. The reason for such interest is employee engagement potential to influence the individual and organizational level consequences.

Methods:

Hence, the current study's objective was to identify the key antecedents and consequences of employee engagement and establish their inter-relationship. Apart from this, the study also validates the different scales to measure different antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. The data were collected from 656 employees working in the FMCD industry in India to achieve this objective.

Results:

Results of the structural equation modeling analysis show that perceptions of organizational justice positively impact employee engagement. Further, employee engagement positively impacts satisfaction with life, positive affect, and organizational citizenship behavior.

Conclusion:

However, employee engagement showed a negative relationship with negative affect and employee turnover intentions. In the end, the practical and theoretical implications of the study were discussed.
The Energy Consumption of Passenger Vehicles in a Transformed Mobility System with Autonomous, Shared and Fit-For-Purpose Electric Vehicles in the Netherlands
Authors: Hogeveen Peter , Steinbuch Maarten , Verbong Geert , Hoekstra Auke
Published: October 2021

Aims:

This article explores the tank-to-wheel energy consumption of passenger transport at full adoption of fit-for-purpose shared and autonomous electric vehicles.

Background:

The energy consumption of passenger transport is increasing every year. Electrification of vehicles reduces their energy consumption significantly but is not the only disruptive trend in mobility. Shared fleets and autonomous driving are also expected to have large impacts and lead to fleets with one-person fit-for-purpose vehicles. The energy consumption of passenger transport in such scenarios is rarely discussed and we have not yet seen attempts to quantify it.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to quantify the tank-to-wheel energy consumption of passenger transport when the vehicle fleet is comprised of shared autonomous and electric fit-for-purpose vehicles and where cheap and accessible mobility leads to significantly increased mobility demand.

Methodology:

The approach consists of four steps. First, describing the key characteristics of a future mobility system with fit-for-purpose shared autonomous electric vehicles. Second, estimating the vehicle miles traveled in such a scenario. Third, estimating the energy use of the fit-for-purpose vehicles. And last, multiplying the mileages and energy consumptions of the vehicles and scaling the results with the population of the Netherlands.

Results:

Our findings show that the daily tank-to-wheel energy consumption from Dutch passenger transport in full adoption scenarios of shared autonomous electric vehicles ranges from 700 Wh to 2200 Wh per capita. This implies a reduction of 90% to 70% compared to the current situation.

Conclusion:

Full adoption of shared autonomous electric vehicles could increase the vehicle-miles-travelled and thus energy use of passenger transport by 30% to 150%. Electrification of vehicles reduces energy consumption by 75%. Autonomous driving has the potential of reducing the energy consumption by up to 40% and implementing one-person fit-for-purpose vehicles by another 50% to 60%. For our case study of the Netherlands, this means that the current 600 TJ/day that is consumed by passenger vehicles will be reduced to about 50 to 150 TJ/day at full adoption of SAEVs.
Cytotoxic and Antitumoral Activity of N-(9H-purin-6-yl) Benzamide Derivatives
and Related Water-soluble Prodrugs
Authors: Cros-Perrial Emeline , Saulnier Steve , Raza Muhammad Zawwad , Charmelot Rémi , Egron David , Dumontet Charles , Chaloin Laurent , Peyrottes Suzanne , Jordheim Lars Petter
Published: October 2021

Background:

The development of small molecules as cancer treatments is still of both
interest and importance.

Objective:

Having synthesized and identified the initial cytotoxic activity of a series of chemically
related N-(9H-purin-6-yl) benzamide derivatives, we continued their evaluation on cancer cell models.
We also synthesized water-soluble prodrugs of the main compound and performed in vivo experiments.

Method:

We used organic chemistry to obtain compounds of interest and prodrugs. The biological
evaluation included MTT assays, synergy experiments, proliferation assays by CFSE, cell cycle distribution
and in vivo antitumoral activity

Results:

Our results show activities on cancer cell lines ranging from 3-39 μM for the best compounds,
with both induction of apoptosis and decrease in cell proliferation. Two compounds evaluated
in vivo showed weak antitumoral activity. In addition, the lead compound and its prodrug had
a synergistic activity with the nucleoside analogue fludarabine in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion:

Our work allowed us to gain better knowledge on the activity of N-(9H-purin-6-yl)
benzamide derivatives and showed new examples of water-soluble prodrugs. More research is warranted
to decipher the molecular mechanisms of the molecules.
The Alleviating Effect of Herniarin Against Ionizing Radiation-Induced
Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Molazadeh Mikaeil , Al Fares Elham , Sanikidze Tamar , Kalmakhelidze Sophio , Topuria David , Mansi Luigi , Kitson Sean
Published: October 2021

Background and Objective:

Herniarin is a simple coumarin that is found naturally in
some plant species. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of herniarin against ionizing
radiation-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Methods:

Herniarin was added to human lymphocytes before irradiation with a dose of 2 Gy of Xrays.
The antagonistic potential of herniarin against radiation was measured by MTT [3-(4,5-
dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] assay, micronucleus assay, flow cytometry,
and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level analysis.

Results:

The maximum survival of lymphocytes against radiation was observed at a concentration
of 50 μM of herniarin and a treatment time of 1 h. Pretreatment with 50 μM herniarin significantly
decreased the micronuclei frequency, the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes, and the ROS level
in irradiated human lymphocytes. Moreover, 50 μM herniarin significantly increased the cytokinesis
blocked proliferation index in irradiated lymphocytes.

Conclusion:

Herniarin could reduce radiation-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes.
To complete the results of this study, it is suggested that in the future, more preclinical
studies with larger samples or animal models be performed on herniarin.
Perceptions and Experiences of Participating in PMTCT Option B Plus: An Explorative Study on HIV-positive Pregnant Women in Eswatini
Authors: Dlamini Nompilo , Ntuli Busisiwe , Madiba Sphiwe
Published: October 2021

Background:

Eswatini has adopted the PMTCT Option B+ approach as a strategy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore how pregnant Swazi women perceived and experienced PMTCT Option B+ and examined challenges they faced in disclosing their HIV status to their male partners.

Methods:

We interviewed 15 HIV-positive pregnant women selected using purposeful sampling from the PMTCT programme in Manzini Region, Eswatini. The data were analysed thematically.

Results:

The women had to deal with the pregnancy, the HIV-positive test results, the immediacy of the antiretroviral treatment (ART), and disclosure issues, all in one visit. They perceived the mandatory HIV testing and the same-day ART initiation as coercive. Regardless, they perceived PMTCT in a positive manner and as a gateway to early treatment for them. The drive to enroll in and remain in PMTCT was motivated by the belief in the efficacy of ART and the desire to protect their unborn babies from HIV infection. Their anticipation of rejection and violence from their partners led to their delaying disclosure and initiation of ART. Following disclosure, some of them were stigmatised, blamed for the infection, and abandoned by their partners.

Conclusion:

As Eswatini continues to roll out Option B+, there is a need to consider providing individualised counselling sessions to meet the individual needs of women.