bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características associadas à Literacia em saúde e Literacia Digital em saúde em idosos de uma cidade do interior do Paraná
Authors: Souza Rosane Clys de Barros Souza , De Barros Josiane Kelly de Barros , Velande da Fonseca Stéphane Raquel Almeida , Yamaguchi Mirian Ueda Yamaguchi , De Oliveira Leonardo Pestillo de Oliveira
Published: March 2023

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar e correlacionar a literacia em saúde e a literacia em saúde digital em idosos. Tratando-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa de delineamento transversal, cuja amostra foi de 379 idosos, através da coleta de dados do questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Literacia em Saúde e o e-Health. Para o tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva (média e DP), o teste t de Student, ANOVA e teste Post Hoc de Tukey. A amostra foi composta por 53,82% de mulheres. No tocante aos aspectos socioeconômicos, mais da metade dos indivíduos tinham ensino fundamental, e casados, em se tratando da renda, a maioria recebia até 2 salários mínimos. O celular foi o meio mais utilizado pelos usuários da internet. Em suma, ambas as literacias estão associadas à renda,ao acesso à internet e a conclusão do ensino fundamental, sem diferenças significativas entre os gêneros.
Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices on the Use of social media for Academic Requirements Among Nursing Students of the University of Bohol
Authors: Lim Trisha Elaine , Bongato Jill Margarett , Bungabong Gian Kayla , Dalapo Shery , Mumar April Anne , Petersdorf Catherine , Sevilla Edsel Jim , Oracion Xenita Vera , Manhilot Conchi , Roslinda Glory
Published: March 2023

The adaptation towards online learning raised questions on how nursing students use social media with their academic requirements. To ensure safety as they partake in online classes, the researchers conducted descriptive quantitative research to determine the level of Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward social media use among nursing students at the University of Bohol (UB). A sample of 200 nursing students currently enrolled in the nursing program from levels 1 to 4 of the school year 2020-2021 was selected through random sampling. Questionnaires and consent forms were administered online. The study underwent an ethics review by the UB-Research Ethics Committee. The findings inferred that most respondents are highly knowledgeable about social media, had a moderately positive attitude towards social media use, and frequently practice it to complete their academic requirements. Findings revealed a significant relationship between the respondents' Knowledge and attitude, Knowledge and practices, and attitudes and practices. A conclusion was drawn that the respondent's level of Knowledge and attitudes, their level of Knowledge and practices, and their attitudes and practices were significantly correlated, respectively.
The Battle of Stalingrad and the Turning Point in World War II: Events and Images
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krinko Evgenyi
Published: March 2023

Foreword of the executive editor.
Participation of Natives of the Belarus in the Battle of Stalingrad
Authors:   Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Litwin Aliaksey
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The main information about our compatriots who distinguished themselves in the Battle of Stalingrad is contained in the award documents, which have not yet become the subject of study by Belarusian researchers. Separate facts had been appearing in the press already during the hostilities. For example, the feat of the Red Army soldier Alexey Vashchenko, who closed the embrasure of the enemy’s gates with his breast on September 5, 1942, was the subject of a publication in the division newspaper and a leaflet issued by the political department. However, the main information on the topic emerged only in the post-war time. Methods and Materials. The article is based on the information from scientific and educational literature, encyclopedias and reference books, from the memories of Soviet military leaders who took part in the Battle of Stalingrad, publications in the regional historical collections “Memory”, from the Belarusian central and local periodicals. The goal is to identify information about the participation of natives of Belarus in the Battle of Stalingrad. Results. The study showed that the Belarusians were represented both among the privates and command staff, in almost all types and branches of the military. Many of them were awarded high state decorations for military distinctions during the Battle of Stalingrad.
To the Question of the Fate of Prisoners of War from the Stalingrad Pocket
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Sidorov Sergey
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The successful counter-offensive of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad marked the beginning of the mass capture of enemy soldiers. Only after the liquidation of the Stalingrad cauldron, more than 90 thousand people were taken prisoner. Methods and materials. Historical facts are researched on the basis of the principles of historicism and objectivity. The article uses problem-chronological and comparative-historical methods. The article is based on the archival and published documents of the NKVD Secretariat, the Main Directorate for Prisoners of War Central Office and NKVD Internees and the Joint Archival Fund: Institutions for Prisoners of War and Internees of the Volgograd Region. Analysis. The captured enemy soldiers were exhausted and weakened to the limit, poorly dressed, all with lice, many sick and non-transportable. At the same time, it was impossible to create normal conditions in the destroyed city in a short period to accommodate captured enemy soldiers. A month-long stay in the frontline led to the fact that only 30% of the prisoners of war could be taken to the rear camps. In the special hospitals for prisoners of war created in Stalingrad and the region, the mortality rate until the beginning of June 1943 amounted to 63% of those admitted for treatment. But most of the prisoners sent to the rear could not move the road or died in the first days upon arrival at the camps. Results. About 80 thousand prisoners of war from the Stalingrad cauldron died already in 1943. The main reason for the high mortality among them was a long stay in harsh winter conditions and stress because of being in the cauldron without regular food. The low readiness of the NKVD camps and special hospitals to receive prisoners of war also had an effect.
The Officer Corps of the Polish Army in the USSR and in the Polish People’s Army (Wojsko Polskie), 1943–1945
Authors:   nstitute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bezugolny Alexey
Published: March 2023

Introduction. On the territory of the Soviet Union, Polish troops intended for joint struggle with Nazi Germany were formed twice. The first attempt was unsuccessful: the army of General V. Anders, after complex political maneuvers in which the Western Allies participated, was withdrawn to the territory of Iran in 1942. The second attempt, undertaken in the spring of 1943, was much more successful: in two years, over 300,000 Polish troops were deployed. Methods and materials. The method of historicism was used in the development of the article. The research is based on the materials declassified in recent years by Soviet state and military authorities, as well as materials from documentary publications and research literature. Analysis. The article analyzes the most acute problem associated with the reconstruction of the Polish Army – the staffing of military units with officers. The reasons for the chronic shortage of officers of Polish nationality and the main ways of their research are shown: training in specialized military educational institutions organized, mobilization of Polish officers in the liberated territories, secondment of Soviet officers to the Polish Army. The specific difficulties in this work are considered. Results. The re-establishment of the officer corps of the Polish army was the result of purposeful coordinated efforts of the highest authorities of the Soviet Union, the leadership of the People’s Commissariat of Defense and the command of the Polish Army, which allowed Poles to take part in joint operations with the Red Army in the final defeat of German Nazism.
V.P. Nekrasov’s Story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” – The Reality of War and the Artistic Text
Authors:   Volzhskiy Polytechnic Institute (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Opalev Maxim
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to the battle for the Height 102.0 (Mamayev Kurgan), which had a great strategic command in the battle of the Red Army for the city of Stalingrad. One of the outstanding monuments of national literature devoted to the Great Patriotic War is the story of Victor Platonovich Nekrasov “In the trenches of Stalingrad.” It marked the beginning of the genre of the so-called “lieutenants’ prose”, that is, the narrative of events not from a professional literary propagandist, but from a direct participant in hostilities. A significant part of the work takes place in the area of Mamayev Kurgan, where the author of the story actually took part in the battle. The lower chronological boundary of the period is due to the beginning of the battle for the Mamayev Kurgan in September 1942. The upper boundary is defined by the capture of the Red Army Height 102.0 as a key section of German positions near the factory district of Stalingrad. Methods and materials. The methodology of the research is based on the main methods of historical science (comparative, biographical, problem-chronological). Based on a comparative analysis carried out on the text of Viktor Platonovich Nekrasov’s story “In the trenches of Stalingrad” with the original records of military units, with authentic graphic materials, maps and diagrams, the factual basis of the work’s plot and a high degree of its documentary nature were revealed. The author of the article believes that the study of V.P. Nekrasov’s story as a work of fiction has so far been only an object of analysis for philologists and culturologists. This interdisciplinary historical study will help establish the real picture of the fighting for Height 102.0 over Stalingrad, and sources will confirm or deny the picture of the events described in the story. Analysis. The conclusions of this work are based on the analysis of military documents of domestic military archives and comparing them with the text of the story, which is considered not as a work of fiction, but as a testimony of a participant in the event. Results. Due to the conducted research, we have an opportunity to compare the evidence from the military biography of V.P. Nekrasov and his comrades-in-arms, actually confirmed by declassified archive documents, with the peculiarities of the author’s images of the literary characters in the cultural and historical context of the era.
American Cinema, FBI and Propaganda: The Image of the Internal Enemy (1941–1942)
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Levin Yaroslav
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The period 1941–1942 became a time when American art was rapidly rebuilt on “military rails.” Cultural figures in every way reinforced the morale of American soldiers and were engaged in justifying various actions of the government through a more accessible and understandable language of artistic narrative. Methods and materials. The rich material of the archive of the FBI, the army and other US security services allows a better look at how the cinema obeyed the propaganda needs of the warring power. The article is based on the principles of historicism and systematics, as well as the methods of historical comparativistics and imagology (discourse-analysis, analysis of audiovisual representation and some others). Analysis and results. It is quite clear that cinema played a special role in these processes – the most massive and popular type of art, which in the previous two decades became the most common form of leisure for Americans. This article is devoted to the use of cinema to justify the initially extremely unpopular measure of the American government to intern the Japanese in concentration camps in the light of the entry of the United States into World War II.
Memory of Betraition: The Image of a Collaborationist in Post-War Soviet Cinema
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Romanko Oleg , Prosolova Ekaterina ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Researchers have studied manifestations of collaborationism of Soviet citizens during the Great Patriotic War quite well, however, the problem of the perception of collaborators in the postwar period needs additional coverage. Of particular interest is the reflection of this topic in art cinema, which was one of the most important means of propaganda. Methods and materials. The basis of the study was a systematic approach. Historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were applied, in addition, content analysis was used to identify characteristic characters, images, ideas in films. The study was carried out on the basis of published materials, as well as archival files, which make it possible to compare the motivation of collaborators during the Great Patriotic War with its representation in Soviet cinema. Analysis. The study of the evolution of the coverage of the Great Patriotic War and related events in cinema made it possible to identify the main genre and stylistic devices used to demonstrate the place and role of collaborators. Through the analysis of the motivation of collaborators based on the protocols of their interrogations and investigative cases, as well as the consideration of their behavior in feature films, the functions of this topic in the Soviet propaganda discourse were determined. Results. The study of the methods and forms of demonstration of collaborationism showed this problem was reflected in Soviet cinema throughout the entire post-war period. Cooperation with the Germans was explained by several reasons: nationalist motives, hatred of the Soviet regime, cowardice or a desire to save one’s own life, or pathological manifestations up to mental illness. Authors’ contribution. O.V. Romanko proposed the concept of the article, supervised the research, studied the sources and historiography of the problem, and edited the final text of the paper. E.V. Prosolova carried out analytical work on the analysis of sources, systematization and classification of the image of a collaborator in Soviet cinema, designed the text of the article.
Appeals and Memos of the Kirov Plant Artillery Designer I.A. Makhanov to the CPSU(b)’s Central Committee Secretary A.A. Zhdanov in 1937–1938
Authors:   European University at Saint Petersburg, Ryabkov Andrey
Published: March 2023

The fate of Ivan Abramovich Makhanov, the artillery designer and the head of the Kirov Plant bureau was ignored by Soviet historiography. Moreover, for a long time it was believed that the designer was repressed and killed in the late 30s. However, after spending 16 years in prison, I.A. Makhanov survived, lived a long life and left behind voluminous handwritten memoirs published in 2022. In addition, in the recently declassified funds of the archives of Saint Petersburg, separate documents of Makhanov’s authorship, as well as those dedicated to his activities, are found. The complex of new sources forces us to revise the established views on the history of the national artillery and military industry of Leningrad. At the same time, the ambiguous role of Makhanov as a designer and administrator in the history of domestic artillery systems creation and production is manifested. This publication is devoted to the correspondence of Makhanov with the CPSU(b)’s Central Committee Secretary A.A. Zhdanov in 1937–1938. From the above documents, in addition to clarifying important technical issues, one can glean an amount of valuable information about both the personality of Makhanov and the structure of the relationship between the “technical intelligentsia” and the supreme party leadership of the USSR in the late 30s of the 20th century.
Social Infrastructure of the Enterprise as the Main Factor of Workers’ Life Support During the War Years (1941–1945)
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Potemkina Marina , Zharkynbayeva Roza ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Anufrieva Evgeniya ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The functioning of the social infrastructure of industrial enterprises of the Soviet rear is of research interest to understand the sources of the victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War. Methods and Materials. The source base of the study is represented by documents from the central and local archives of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the course of the study, a modernization methodological approach was applied, historical-comparative and historical-genetic research methods were used. Analysis. The article deals with management mechanisms and characterizes the objects of social infrastructure of industrial enterprises of the military complex of the USSR with the example of defense enterprises of such front and rear regions as Stalingrad, Chelyabinsk region and Kazakhstan with regard to the period 1941–1945. The difficulties of functioning of working hostels, health centers, nurseries, canteens, subsidiary farms, caused by extreme conditions of wartime and a general lack of material and financial resources, are shown. Results. During the analysis, it was possible to establish regional differences in the activities of social infrastructure facilities, violations of the principle of social justice and unsatisfactory quality of social services provided were noted. Using the example of three regions of the USSR, the conclusion is made about the importance of social policy at industrial enterprises for improving production discipline and the survival of workers. Authors’ contribution. M.N. Potemkina analyzed the documents of the Joint State Archive of the Chelyabinsk region, developed the methodological foundations of the study, formulated the main results; R.S. Zharkynbayeva analyzed archival sources from the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which allowed to determine the regional features of the social infrastructure of industrial enterprises. E.V. Anufrieva participated in identifying documents from the archives of the Volgograd region and writing the final text.
Estimate of the Number and Sex and Age Composition of “Volgotanker” Workers in the Lower Volga Region in 1941–1943
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Bukatina Margarita
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi troops and the Battle of Stalingrad greatly affected all aspects of life in the Lower Volga Region. Ensuring the economy of the whole country and resistance to the invader was carried out by the large oil shipping company “Volgotanker”, which delivered Baku oil throughout the Volga Basin. The quantity and quality of personnel played an important role in the effectiveness of the organization. Materials and methods. To write this article we have identified and drawn a wide range of archival sources from the funds of the State Archive of the Astrakhan region, the Center for the Documentation of Contemporary History of the Volgograd region and the State Historical and Memorial Museum-Reserve “Battle of Stalingrad”. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of historicism and maximum possible objectivity. The shipping company itself and its activity in the context of external factors can best be described within the framework of the historical-system method. Analysis and results. This article provides a detailed assessment of the size of the shore personnel, the number of party organizations of the shipping company, the floating personnel and one ship’s crew on average. The analysis of position and sex and age composition of “Volgotanker” workers is given. Conclusions are made about the efficiency of “Volgotanker”’s work in connection with the number and composition of its personnel.
The Red Cross Activities in the River Transportation During the Great Patriotic War (The Middle Volga Case)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Gomanenko Olesya , Golovina Evgeniia ,   Centre of the Battle of Stalingrad Studies
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The Red Cross during the Great Patriotic War contributed significantly to the provision of medical care to both Soviet soldiers and the local population. According to the policy of centralizing public organizations, the Red Cross was integrated into the public authorities and subjected to the Party organs and the People’s Commissariat for Health Care. Materials and methods. The study is based on the objectivity principles and applies general scientific as well as specific historical methods. The paper is mainly based on unpublished archival materials. Analysis. The paper shows the activities of the Red Cross regional division – the Middle Volga Basin Committee that can be an example of multifunctional use of the organization. The Red Cross Middle Volga Basin Committee was formed in 1939. The paper goal is to establish the importance of the Red Cross of the Middle Volga Steamship Lines in the Great Patriotic War and particularly in the Battle of Stalingrad. From summer 1942 near frontline Middle Volga was a link in the transportation of the wounded and evacuated population from the Lower Volga region. The basic personnel of the Middle Volga Red Cross were women. Their selfless effort and efficiency were noted by hospitals. Results. In difficult conditions, particularly in 1942–1943 the Middle Volga Red Cross Committee fulfilled various tasks to ensure sanitation in the Volga section it was charged with. It trained sanitary and medical personnel for the Red Army and People’s Commissariat for Health Care. The organization educated the population on first aid, including assisting in preparation for the “Ready for Sanitary Defense” test. The Middle Volga Red Cross worked in evacuation hospitals and posts, and in ambulance ships. Besides the organization contributed to preventive anti-epidemic measures. Authors’ contribution. O.A. Gomanenko and E.L. Golovina jointly studied historiography, archival materials and made conclusions on the subject.
Leningrad Household Manager During the Blockade: Area of Responsibslity and Image
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Gavrilova Olga , Khodjakov Mikhail ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The key figures in the communal services of Leningrad during the period of the city blockade were the household managers – upravkhozy. Their functions were determined by a special regulation adopted and approved by the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. Household managers were supposed to monitor the state of the household, including the housing stock, regulate the passport regime, carry out the correct and timely collection (and in some cases, accrual) of apartment and utility bills. With the help of the employees subordinate to them, they were obliged to carry out routine repairs of the housing stock. Methods and Materials. Using a set of documents deposited in the archives, as well as diaries and official decisions of the Leningrad leaders during the war, the authors highlight the emotional background of the blockaded city. Along with the solution of the food problem, an important task in the conditions of massive shelling and bombing was the preservation of the housing stock in a satisfactory condition. Analysis. Being subordinate to the district council executive committee, the household managers accumulated in their hands the funds and property of the household, they hired and fired a significant part of the workers, and had the right to impose disciplinary sanctions on them. In the emergency conditions of the blockade, they became the most important link between the party and Soviet leadership of their district and the tenants. Since there was often no effective control over the work of the household managers, they were able to decide at their own discretion, without the sanction of the housing department, on the distribution of vacated rooms and apartments that belonged to deceased and evacuated residents of Leningrad. Results. On the basis of a set of documents, including archival materials, the article examines the impact of Leningrad administrative farms on the daily life of Leningraders during the years of the blockade. It is concluded that the abuses of household managers were explained by their low wages, insufficient professional training to solve complex issues of public utilities and a low educational level. Authors’ contribution. O.A. Gavrilova identified historical sources, analyzed the official decrees issued by the leadership of Leningrad. M.V. Khodjakov analyzed archival materials and memoirs of blockade survivors, designed the text of the article. Key words: blockade of Leningrad, Great Patriotic War, housing policy, urban economy, household manager.
Military and Political Decisions of the Supreme Command of the USSR and Germany on the Eve of the Battle of Stalingrad (June – July 1942)
Authors:   Federal Research Center Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Afanasenko Vladimir , Medvedev Maksim ,   Federal Research Center Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

Introduction. 2022 marks the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad, which became a turning point not only of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against the Nazi invaders and their allies, but of the entire World War II of 1939–1945. The Battle of Stalingrad covered the territories of modern Voronezh, Rostov, Volgograd regions and the Republic of Kalmykia. The military and political decisions of the supreme command of the USSR and Germany on the eve of the Battle of Stalingrad in June – July 1942 became the starting point in the future battle. Methods and materials.The study used problem-chronological, comparative-historical, and statistical methods. The study of the materials was based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. During the analysis of documents from domestic archives, memoirs, statistical information, a significant amount of material was processed; the problems of the prehistory of the Battle of Stalingrad in domestic and foreign historiography were studied. Analysis. As a result of the study conducted by the authors, various directives, orders of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command to the Soviet troops in the Stalingrad direction, as well as the enemy’s planning mechanism for the seizure of Stalingrad territory were analyzed. Results. It has been established that the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, even before the start of hostilities in the Stalingrad direction, took measures to concentrate strategic reserves, create defensive lines, and reorganize the management of front-line troops. The authors’ contribution. V.A. Afanasenko proposed the idea and concept of the article, determined the chronology of the beginning of the preparatory actions preceding the Battle of Stalingrad. M.V. Medvedev analyzed the work of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command on the preparation and use of combat reserves in battles within the great bend of the Don, carried out a scientific revision of the article.
Técnica local e influjo mudéjar en cubiertas eclesiásticas de Michoacán, México. Etapa virreinal
Authors:   Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Garibay Luis Alberto Torres
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to local techniques used in wooden roof coverings in the region of purépecha in Michoacán state, produced in the period of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. They are the mixture of former traditions and typically Spanish elements. They also remain under the influence of “mudejar” stylistics, which is typical of certain regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Typological analysis is based on the comparative studies of the Mexican and European buildings with particular consideration of construction systems. What is also referred to is a cultural context, in which discussed buildings were created and its influence on shaping analysed architectural pieces.
El diablo, el pirata y Felipe Calderón. Caras de los Judas en México
Authors:   Instituto Polaco de Investigación del Arte Mundial Instituto de Arqueología y Etnología PAN, Skwirowska Marta
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this text is to give the perspective of the contemporary festivity of “Burning of Judas” in Mexico and Mexico City, being a celebration of colonial origins, as well as the role of art objects belonging to so-called arte efímero. In the past, traditional objects produced in cartonería technique (known in Europe as papier-mâché technique) were related more to various ceremonies held throughout the year: burning of Judas at Easter, piñata breaking at Christmas, ceremonial masks as well as quasi-theatrical dolls called mojigangas. Nowadays, artists are widening the scope of their works, creating so-called alebrijes – fantasy creatures, which are regarded by some researchers as the example of surrealism in folk art. Whereas traditional cartonería objects were made for particular festivals, alebrijes are not related to any of them and are the example of individual forms. The text also discusses different images of Judas and the ritual of burning of him during the Holy Week in Mexico City against the historical background. Judas in Mexico is not only a biblical betrayer of Christ. He serves as an instrument of criticism, has a face of a politician and a commentator. His stylistic appearance has been greatly influenced by social and political events. Diego Rivera made Judas a part of his several paintings and murals. In many places of Mexico, these annual celebrations of folk origin take at the same time a form of happenings or a city event of a performance art type. The paper is based on the research conducted in Mexico in 2008–2009 as well as on reference books.
Grafiti en América Latina parte III. El caso de México
Authors:   Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de Universidad de Łódź/ Sociedad Polaca de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Kotarski Jędrzej
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the causes of creation and development of socio-political graffiti; called rebellious, revolutionary and created for twenty years in two regions of Mexico: in the south, in native communities of Chiapas and in the central part of the country, in the city of Oaxaca. The author analyzes why the murals, which were held in common social respect in Mexico for more than eighty years, nowadays are identified as illegal and being a sign of resistance to the state.
Imperial Trial: Evolution of Russian Foreign Policy
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Mikhaylenko Valeri I.
Published: March 2023

The article examines the evolution of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation since 1991. The author links the logic of foreign policy decisionmaking with the features of the formation of the ruling elite’s strategic culture, which changes are associated with domestic political processes. The dominance of the imperial approach in foreign policy was the result of a retreat from the liberal-democratic transition in the mid-1990s. The concepts of “special civilizational path of Russia”, “anti-Western and anti-liberal civilization”, and “besieged fortress” are being approved in the political elite and mass consciousness. Another factor that influenced the formation of the anti-Western position was the egoism of the unipolar American order that was being established in the 1990s. The Russian leadership used an extensive arsenal of “soft power”, and methods of “hybrid wars” to achieve its foreign policy goals, the most important of which was to reach an agreement on the delimitation of spheres of influence with the United States. “Recognizing the usefulness of military force” for the realization of foreign policy goals actually means abandoning the strategy of indirect approach that was used up to that time to achieve foreign policy goals.
Social Interaction Problems in the Multicultural Environment: Discrimination, Tolerance and “Snowfl ake Generation”
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Voevodina Ekaterina V.
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the risks of intercultural communication associated with the implementation of the principles of tolerance and positive discrimination. It is noted that significant changes have occurred in the sociocultural space — globalization, increased mobility, openness of public systems due to the democratization of developed countries — all this together affects the creation of multicultural society, including against the background of involving atypical groups and various minorities. The analysis of intolerance associated with manipulation and the «cancel culture» is carried out. Emphasized, that the ideas of equality and tolerance to other cultures and atypical individuals are designed to contribute to the harmonious development of personality and society, the smooth out of obvious and hidden social conflicts. However, excessive security can lead to social parasitivism, expressed in attitudes for dependent on the part of socially viable layers. The features of a new term for public consciousness «generation of snowflakes» are revealed, its author’s interpretation is presented — as a community of individuals characterized by a hypersensitive attitude to socially disapproved behavior associated with discrimination, and at the same time prone to intolerant behavior through bullying. It is concluded that it is advisable for overcoming various communicative barriers to develop intercultural competence as an integral personality characteristic that ensures intersubjective interaction and understanding. Empathy and the ability to find a common language with the interlocutor become an important resource that can prevent the risks of discrimination and intolence.
Welfare Theory: Social Impact Aspects of Digital Technologies
Authors:   Udmurt State University, Ladyzhets Natalia S.
Published: March 2023

The review and analytical article examines the multidisciplinary concept of “well-being”, redefined from the standpoint of various fields of sociohumanitarian knowledge, as well as the basic theories of well-being. Within the framework of the philosophical approach, three modern groups of well-being theories are characterized: hedonistic, desire theories and objective list theories. In psychology, there are three groups of theories focused on the study of psychological well-being: developmental psychology, personality psychology and clinical psychology. In sociology, the directions of studying the social well-being of the object and the social well-being of the subject are highlighted. Attention is also focused on the actualization of the impact of digital technologies on the well-being of the population, with the allocation of three areas of expert assessments: relative optimism, predominant pessimism and balanced rationalism. The current discursive problems of the impact of digital technologies on human well-being and on the well-being of various social groups are identified. The ambiguity of the impact of the use of digital technologies is considered on the example of two least protected social groups: adolescent children trying to rebuild from their parental family and form their personal decision–making trajectories, and older people, often with the termination of employment, and almost always with a reduction in social ties, health and a decrease in the quality of life. It is noted that the situational use of digital technologies is more significant for hedonistic well -being (gaining pleasure) and to a lesser extent — for eudemonic (as prosperity) significant throughout life. Procedurally-indicates that in the future a low and excessive level of involvement in digital technologies leads to a decrease in the well-being of growing teenagers, and moderately active-to its growth.
Mikhail Gorbachev and the Urals: Political Pendulum
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Guseletov Boris P. ,   Institute of Social and Political Studies, FSTAS, Russian Academy of Science
Published: March 2023

The article presents the author’s memoirs about his work with Mikhail Gorbachev in the period from 1990 to 2004, including his visits to Yekaterinburg. A detailed analysis of the activities of the Sverdlovsk regional organization of the CPSU at the last 28th congress of this party, including the meeting with the General Secretary M. S. Gorbachev, is presented. It is noted that the attitude of the members of the delegation to the personality of Gorbachev was different, but in general, the Sverdlovsk Communists supported the ideas of perestroika and the need for serious reform of the social, economic and political systems of the Soviet Union. The visit of the running candidate in the presidential election of the Russian Federation Mikhail Gorbachev to Yekaterinburg in early 1996 during his election campaign is analyzed. It is shown that during this period the attitude of the majority of the Sverdlovsk region residents towards him was extremely negative, which negatively affected his election results. The consequences of his visit to Yekaterinburg in February 2001 in the status of Chairman of the Russian United Social Democratic Party are outlined. It is noted that during this visit, the attitude of both ordinary citizens and the authorities of the Sverdlovsk region and the city of Yekaterinburg towards him, has changed dramatically for the better. It is noted that despite the complexity and inconsistency of the personality of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, the attitude of the Russian citizens, including residents of the Sverdlovsk region, has changed significantly over the past thirty years after the collapse of the USSR. But the final verdict to this undoubtedly major Soviet and Russian public and political figure will be handed down by history.
The Attitude of Student Youth Towards Physical Culture and Healthy Lifestyle
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Bonko Tatiana I. , Grabelnykh Tatyana I. ,   Irkutsk State University, Nitsina Olga A. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: March 2023

The article reveals the attitude of student youth to physical culture and a healthy lifestyle. Conceptual provisions became possible based on the results of a survey of students of the Irkutsk State University (364 people were surveyed). Revealed modern observations in the dynamics of motor activity of university students and their attitude towards a healthy lifestyle. The motivation for physical culture and sports is important in the work, as well as an understanding of the speed and perception of physical culture and sports activities in the aspect of the harmonious development of the individual. The components of a healthy lifestyle, which are the most significant and priority for young people, are indicated. It has been established that the guidelines of modern student youth include a regularity in maintaining the level of health, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, understanding the role of physical culture in a person. At the same time, a discrepancy between the motor activity of students and the criteria and norms that reveal the presence of an exceptional level of health, manifestations and manifestations was revealed. In the aspect of attitude to a healthy lifestyle, a conclusion was made about the need to update the knowledge of student youth in the framework of motor activity as one of the described components that affect health.
Strategic Shift: from the Global Strategy 2016 to the Strategic Compass 2022
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Guseinov Kamran , Burnasov Aleksandr S. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: March 2023

In this article the author examines the dynamic of the European Union Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) after the adoption of the two strategic documents — Global Strategy on EU Foreign and Security Policy “Shared Vision, Common Action: Stronger Europe” and the Strategic Compass on Security and Defence. Both documents were adopted during the period of transformation of the European Union Common Security and Defence Policy institutions, and influence on the further dynamic of the EU security and defence. The article evaluates the practical changes in the sphere of EU Security and Defence policy after the adoption of the strategic documents. The author studies the preconditions and causes of the adoption of these strategic documents and conducting a comparative analysis of the Global Strategy and the Strategic Compass by studying the official texts. The research on EU Common Security and Defence Policy is based on the neorealism theory of international relations. Particularly, the article is based on the “structural realism” theory by John J. Mearsheimer. The author applies the model of collective securitization for the examination of the common security and defence, and for the explanation of the modern trends in EU CSDP transformation. The research attempts to provide the results of the examination of the realization of the Global Strategy 2016, that lead to the adoption of the new document — Strategic Compass. The article notes the features of the EU Strategic autonomy and examines the factors affecting the Strategic autonomy.
Russian Factor in the Integration Processes in Central Asia
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Suhrob Rustami
Published: March 2023

The article examines the role and influence of the Russian Federation in the integration processes in the Central Asian region between five countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It is worth emphasizing that the Russian state in all its hypostases (the Russian Empire and the USSR) from the first days of the conquest of the territories of Central Asia was guided by a strategy aimed at uniting the entire Central Asian region into a single political and administrative region (Governor-General, Turkestan region, Central Asia) and also connected this region by all possible methods with the center (center-periphery): a) railways, b) sea and river channels, highways and by air communication. With the collapse of the USSR, the newly independent republics of Central Asia tried not only to preserve the decades-old joint regional production of heavy industry and unified systems of electricity, cars and railways, but also set a course to unite the region into a single economic and political space like the European Union. It is important to note that since the collapse of the Soviet Union, a process has begun in almost all its parts (republics), which can be described as desovietization and derussification. Most of the republics have taken a course towards distancing and severing relations with the former metropolis (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Georgia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, etc.). But despite all of the above, Russia still plays one of the key roles in Central Asia and its factor in the integration process of this region is huge, and its denial or underestimation does not correspond to reality.
Yield capacity of six superior pitaya genotypes under edaphoclimatic conditions of the Federal District
Authors: Sibut Hellen Christine Prochno , Faleiro Fábio Gelape , Oliveira Jamile da Silva , Luz Adriana Lopes da , Caliman Neto Davino , Junqueira Nilton Tadeu Vilela
Published: March 2023

Abstract The Embrapa Cerrados pitaya breeding program developed five superior genotypes of different species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield capacity of these five pitaya genotypes under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Federal District. The experiment was carried out at the Embrapa Cerrados in Planaltina, DF. The five selected pitaya genotypes were evaluated, as well as a parent genotype used in the breeding program. Length (CF), diameter (DF) and mass (MF) of all fruits were evaluated, as well as the length/diameter ratio (CF.DF-1), number of fruits per plant (NF.PL-1), production per plant (kg.PL-1) and estimated productivity (t.ha-1). BRS Luz do Cerrado and BRS Lua do Cerrado presented larger and heavier fruits, while BRS Minipitaya do Cerrado presented the smallest fruits. CPAC Roxa and BRS Granada do Cerrado presented more rounded fruits. BRS Granada do Cerrado had the highest yield capacity in the two evaluated crops. The results obtained prove the importance of genetic breeding and the selection of superior genotypes more adapted to the region of cultivation, in order to guarantee greater profitability and products of better quality to rural producers and consumers.
Morphometry of chincuya seeds (Annona purpurea Moc. &Sessé ex Dunal) and embryonic growth under dry warm storage
Authors: Vidal-Lezama Eloísa , Villegas-Monter Ángel , Vaquera-Huerta Humberto , Robledo-Paz Alejandrina , Martínez-Palacios Alejandro , Ferreira Gisela
Published: March 2023

Abstract In Mexico, Annona purpurea Moc. &Sessé ex Dunal, chincuya is found in mountains and family gardens. It is used as food (fruits), traditional medicine (leaves, stems, roots, seeds, bark), wood in construction, papermaking, carpentry, rope making, and as fuel. There is not enough information on the seed, nor on germination management, which is scarce, prolonged and erratic. Considering that the morphophysiological dormancy is the probable cause, it was necessary, within a broader project, to start with the characterization of the seed and determine the effect of dry warm storage (DWS) on it. The perimeter and length of the embryos increased due to the increase in length of the cotyledons and the hypocotil root axis, while the middle hypocotyl area decreased, forming an acinturated embryo. These data indicate that the embryos of chincuya are underdeveloped since they grew and modified their shape, due to the effect of DWS, until the 6th month. This development of the embryo within the seed during dry warm storage confirms the presence of morphological dormancy. This is the first report of embryo growth and characterization of chincuya seeds.
Why do we need more research on pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.)? A discussion based on a bibliometric review
Authors: Villalobos Daniela Polo , Figueroa-Rodríguez Katia A. , Escobar-Gutiérrez Abraham J.
Published: March 2023

Abstract Pineapple is the most exported tropical fruit in the world in terms of volume. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the scientific publications on pineapple, with an emphasis on the agricultural sciences. 7,885 documents published between 1893 and 2022 (February 22nd), 2,350 of which belonged to the agricultural sciences, were retrieved from the Scopus-indexed database to be analyzed using the word pineapple. VOSviewer software was used for a bibliometric network analysis using author keyword mapping. 78.2% of the documents were articles, with an increase in the volume of publications over time. The scientists were from 138 countries, with India, the United States, and Brazil accumulating 36.2% of the total number. The research has focused on topics such as chemistry, food technology (primarily juice), the use of pineapple as a medicinal plant, and the clinical benefits of its main enzyme (bromelain). Scientists in the chemical field reported more research than in the agricultural and biological areas due to the properties of the fruit. Our results indicate that few studies focus on rural extension or technology transfer to growers. More efforts should be made to help local pineapple growers improve their yields and attain a sustainable and more environmentally friendly approach to the production of this fruit.