bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation on the Correlation between Total Pressure and Swirl Distortions
Authors: Zhang Haideng , Sun Enbo
Published: February 2023

To lay the foundations of establishing low-cost methods which can predict characteristics of swirl distortion inexpensively, experimental investigations on the correlation between total pressure and swirl distortions of a typical S-duct intake model are implemented. Baffle plate is installed at the inlet of the intake model to generate strong inlet flow distortions, and the flow field at the outlet of the duct is measured using five-hole probes, which are calibrated using zonal calibration algorithm. Total pressure and swirl distortions associated with the baffle plate installed at the upper part of the intake model show no correlations. When baffle plate is installed at left/right part of the intake model, strong total pressure and swirl distortions will interact with each other, and both strength and circumferential location of the two types of distortion are well correlated by linear relationships. When baffle plate is installed at the lower part of the intake model, strong total pressure and paired swirl distortions, whose strength are well correlated by linear relationship, are induced.
Predicting the potential worldwide distribution of Aedes aegypti under climate change scenarios
Authors: Ragab Sanad H.
Published: February 2023

Zika, dengue fever, and chikungunya are arboviral infections that are spread by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Climate change is one of the most important factors associated with the medically important insect pests such as mosquitoes (Culicidae). Diseases spread by mosquitoes are growing because of changes in global temperature; they will spread to new regions. The objective of the current study was to study potential geographic distribution habitats of Ae. aegypti in the world under both current and future climate conditions. The scenarios that used were BCC-CSM2-MR and IPSL-CM6A-LR with two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for each of the GCMs: SSP126 and SSP585. The results revealed that Altitude, Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100) (bio4) and Annual Precipitation (bio12) were the most important environmental variables that affected the distribution of Ae. aegypti.
In silico toxicogenomic data-mining to unraveling the influence of lead and cadmium co-exposure on molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of Hypertension
Authors: OLUKUNLE OLUWATOYIN , Omoboyede Victor
Published: February 2023

Heavy metals, generally characterized by high densities and atomic weights, are ubiquitous in the environment and are of public health concern due to the several health issues they pose to humans. Of all heavy metals, lead and cadmium among others are known to be capable of inducing multiple health effects even at a low rate of exposure. Hypertension (HYP), a major cause of death and a risk factor for other cardiovascular diseases, is known to be caused by both lead and cadmium. While the mechanism underlying the development of HYP induced by independent exposures to lead and cadmium have been well studied, the mechanism underlying the induction and progression of HYP upon lead and cadmium co-exposure remains mildly explored. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms using an in silico toxicogenomic approach. The set of genes affected by both metals were identified using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) while HYP targets were retrieved from the GeneCards database. The shared genes between the metals and the disease were identified and subjected to further analyses. The results of our analyses revealed the signaling pathways that are dysregulated by lead and cadmium co-exposure while oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction were revealed as processes pertinent to the induction and progression of HYP by lead and cadmium co-exposure. Biomarkers that could be used for prognosis evaluation were also identified. Ultimately, this study supports and advances the growing body of findings on the roles played by lead and cadmium co-exposure in inducing HYP.
Anorectal Manometry Findings in Relation with Long-term Functional Outcomes of The Patients Operated on for Hirschsprung's Disease Compared to The Reference-Based Population
Authors: Huu Tung Trinh , NGUYEN Ngoc Minh , LAM Kim Thien , PHAM Thach Ngoc , VU Nhan Truong , TRUONG Linh Nguyen Uy , TRAN Viet Quoc
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This study investigated anorectal manometry (AM) findings and bowel function of patients operated on for Hirschsprung’s disease (HD).
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Children’s Hospital 2. Patients operated on for HD from January 2015 to January 2020 were reviewed. Their clinical characteristics, bowel function, and manometric findings were investigated and compared with the references.
Results
Ninety-five patients and 95 references were enrolled. Mean ages were 6.6 ± 2.2 years and 7.2 ± 2.9 years; fecal incontinence rates were 25.3% and 2.1%, and constipation rates were 12.6% and 4.2 for the patients versus the references, respectively. Anal resting pressures were significantly decreased in the patients compared to the references (53.2 ± 16.1 mmHg versus 62.2 ± 14.0 mmHg; p < 0.05). Among the patients, the anal resting pressure was significantly decreased in the incontinents than in the continents (46.0 ± 10.6 mmHg versus 55.6 ± 16.9 mmHg, p < 0.05). During the sensation test, the value of maximum tolerated volume was significantly decreased in the incontinents than in the continents (135.9 ± 47.9 mL versus 166.6 ± 58.3 mL, p < 0.05).
Conclusion
AM is an objective method providing beneficial information that could guide a more adapted management in HD patients with defecation disorders.
Is There a Relation Between Work-related Perception and Empathy with the Clinical Performance of Residents in China?
Authors: Zhu Yaxin , Wang Ziqi , Zhong Yifan , Duan Xiyu , Qu Bo
Published: February 2023

Since the nationwide launch of the Standardized Residency Training Program (SRTP) in China, residents have faced multiple barriers from work and the environment, and their empathy, work-related perception, and clinical performance are constantly scrutinized by training administrators and educators. This study aimed to investigate the influence of empathy of residents on their clinical performance and the possible mediating role of work-related perception. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted including 1160 residents from 10 cities in Liaoning Province between March and October 2020. Participants completed an array of self-reported questionnaires, regarding demographic characteristics, work-related perception, clinical performance, and empathy (measured by the Perspective Taking and Empathic Concern subscales of the Chinese version of Interpersonal Reactivity Index). The relationships among empathy, work-related perception, and clinical performance were examined using a structural equation model (SEM). Of the 1160 residents, 961 (82.8%) completed the questionnaires. The final SEM produced a good fit to the sample data, with CMIN/DF = 2.11 (P < 0.001), CFI = 0.97, GFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.97, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.034 (0.024, 0.044), and SRMR = 0.031. The model indicated the following: (1) work-related perception of residents had a significant positive predictive effect on clinical performance; (2) empathy had a significant positive predictive effect on work-related perception; and (3) work-related perception partially mediated the relationship between empathy and clinical performance among residents. These findings provide a reference for SRTP administrators and educators to apply work-related interventions for directly or indirectly improve the clinical performance of residents.
A Vector-Free Gene Interference System Using Delaminated Mg–Al-lactate Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets as Molecular Carriers to Intact Plant Cells
Authors: Zhang He , li xinyu , yu dong , Guan Junqi , Ding hao , Wu Hongyang , Wang Qiang , Wan Yinglang
Published: February 2023

Background: Mg–Al-lactate Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets is an optimal nanocarrier for widely application in plant, However, a standardize vector-free LDH-dsRNA system doesn’t clear describe in past research in different tissues in model and non-model species in plant sciences.
Results: Here, we introduce a vector-free system to interfere with gene expression in intact plant cells. This method uses delaminated Mg–Al-lactate layered double hydroxide nanosheets (LDH-NSs), which can easily be synthesized via co-precipitation method. Briefly, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting genes of interest are synthesized in vitrousing T7 RNA polymerase, adsorbed onto the LDH-NSs, and transported by the LDH-NSs into intact plant cells. The LDH-dsRNA system was tested against housekeeping gene, ACTIN2, finding that only 30 minutes of soaking in medium containing LDH-dsRNA led to 80% gene silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. The LDH-dsRNA system also efficiently knocked-down tissue-specific genes in Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), such as phytoene desaturase (PDS), WUSCHEL(WUS), WUSCHEL related homeobox 5 (WOX5), and ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (AtRHD6). Finally, we used the LDH-dsRNA system to target nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes in cassava (Manihot esculenta), an economically important plant. The LDH-dsRNA system successfully downregulated these genes, decreasing the bacterial resistance of the cassava leaves.
Conclusions: Therefore, we believe that the vector-free LDH-dsRNA system described, optimized, and validated herein has wide application prospects as an efficient, broad-spectrum RNA interference method for the plant and agricultural sciences.
Comprehensively analysis of the FGD family with potential effects on prognosis and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Liangyu , Yu Fengqiang , Guan Maohao , Huang Xuan , Lin Nanlong , He Fei , Lai Fancai
Published: February 2023

Background：The FGD family consists of six genes, namely FGD1/2/3/4/5/6. Their roles in lung adenocarcinoma have been unidentified. This research focused on determining the diagnostic efficacy, prognostic value, and immune-related functions of them in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD).
Methods：From the TCGA database, mRNA data for the FGD gene family and clinical data for the patients were obtained. Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate representative FGD gene’s expression. A relationship between the FGD genes and immune system molecules was examined using the TIMER and GEPIA databases, the ssGSEA and the MCPcounter methods. Clinical prognosis in LUAD were analyzed by searching for TCGA, KMplotter and GEPIA databases. The TIDE algorithm, TCIA, KMplotter, ROCplotter and ICBatlas databases were used to analyze the value of FGD2 in predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy. TIGER database was used to analyze single-cell RNA-sequencing data. The immune-related prognostic model was constructed using 3 machine learning algorithms: K-means clustering, LASSO regression, and WGCNA analysis.
Results: All the six FGD genes’ protein and mRNA were aberrant expressed in the tissues of LUAD in contrast to healthy ones, and our external experiment confirmed FGD2’s expression pattern. Low expression of FGD2, 3, 5 resulted in a shorter OS time and were determined as independent prognostic factors via multivariate analyses. FGD2, 3, 5 were markedly linked to immune infiltration while FGD1, 4, 6 were not. Sc-RNA sequencing analysis indicating that FGD2, 3, 5 were mainly expressed in immunocytes. NSCLC patients with higher FGD2 may more responsive to ICB therapy. The functions of FGD2, 3, 5 and FGD1, 4, 6 in LUAD are heterogeneous, and patients can be separated in to two groups based on these six FGDs’ expression. A prognostic model constructed by immune-related DEGs between these two groups had good predictive value in one training set and 4 testing sets.
Conclusions: FGD2, FGD3 and FGD5 can be used as diagnostic, prognostic, and immune-implicated biomarkesr for patients with LUAD and FGD2 may help to predict the ICB therapy efficacy. The immune-related prognostic model had satisfactory predictive value.
Asymptotic behavior of a generalized Navier-Stokes-alpha model and applications to related models
Authors: Jarrín Oscar
Published: February 2023

In this work, we consider here a generalized alpha-type model on the whole three-dimensional space, which contains as a particular case some relevant equations of the fluid dynamics as the Navier-Stokes-Bardina's model, the fractional and the classical Navier-Stokes equations with an additional drag/friction term. We study first the existence and in some cases the uniqueness of finite energy solutions. Then, we use a general framework to study their long time behavior with respect to the weak and the strong topology of the phase space. When the uniqueness of solutions is known, we prove the existence of a strong global attractor. However, our main contribution is the existence of a weak global attractor in the case when the uniqueness of solutions is an open question. Moreover, we also study some sufficient conditions to insure the weak global attractor becomes a strong one. This result is based on an interesting relationship between the notion of global attractor and the stationary (time-independent) solutions of our evolutionary equation. As a bi-product, we also obtain some new results on the long time description of the fractional and classical Navier-Stokes models with a damping term.
AMS Classification: 35B40, 35D30.
Episignature analysis of moderate effects and mosaics
Authors: Oexle Konrad , Zech Michael , Stühn Lara , Siegert Sandy , Brunet Theresa , Schmidt Wolfgang , Wagner Matias , Schmidt Axel , Tilch Erik , Monestier Olivier , Destrée Anne , Hanker Britta , Boesch Sylvia , Jech Robert , Berutti Riccardo , Kaiser Frank , Haslinger Bernhard , Haack Tobias , Garavaglia Barbara , Krawitz Peter , Winkelmann Juliane , Mirza-Schreiber Nazanin
Published: February 2023

Background: DNA methylation classifiers (“episignatures”) help to determine the pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). However, their sensitivity is limited due to their training on unambiguous cases with strong-effect variants so that the classification of variants with reduced effect size or in mosaic state may fail. Moreover, episignature evaluation of mosaics as a function of their degree of mosaicism has not been developed so far.
Results: We improved episignatures with respect to three categories. Applying (i) a minimum-redundancy-maximum-relevance feature selection we reduced their length by up to one order of magnitude without loss of accuracy. Performing (ii) repeated retraining of a support vector machine classifier by step-wise inclusion of cases in the training set that reached probability scores larger than 0.5, we increased the sensitivity of the episignature classifiers by 30%. In the newly diagnosed patients we confirmed the association between DNA methylation aberration and age at onset of KMT2B-deficient dystonia. Moreover, we found evidence for allelic series in KMT2B down to moderate effect variants associated with comparatively mild phenotypes such as late-onset focal dystonia. Retrained classifiers also can detect mosaics that previously remained below the 0.5-threshold, as we showed for KMT2D-associated Kabuki syndrome. Conversely, episignature classifiers are able to revoke erroneous exome calls of mosaicism, as we demonstrated by (iii) comparing presumed mosaic cases with a distribution of artificial in silico mosaics that represented all the possible variation in degree of mosaicism, variant read sampling, and methylation analysis.
Comparing preparation of carbon nanotubes between sol-gel and thermal decomposition and their effect on the properties of lightweight concrete
Authors: Sldozian Rami Joseph
Published: February 2023

Scientific modernity lies in the development of a method for obtaining a complex nanomodifier of foam concrete based on CNTs synthesized by the CVD method on sand filler particles pre-treated with a metal oxide catalyst, which allows solving the problem of agglomeration and uniform distribution of carbon nanostructures in the cement-sand matrix. The morphological and physicochemical properties of the obtained nanomodifier based on CNTs were studied by the methods of SEM (with a determination of the elemental composition), TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Regularities of the effect of the technology of obtaining and concentration of the catalyst, as well as the time of synthesis of CNTs on the prepared sand carrier, on the change in the physico-mechanical characteristics of foam concrete samples were established. It is shown that the use of the technology of thermal decomposition of the precatalyst for the composition (CoMo-MgOAl2O3) makes it possible to synthesize a nanomodified sand filler that provides the greatest increase in the strength of foam concrete: ΔСS ~ 34%; ΔBS ~ 32%. The rational time for the synthesis of CNTs is 30 min, while, according to TGA, the increase in the mass of CNTs is ~ 6% wt. (for catalyst without dilution). Dilution of the catalyst with distilled water by 2 and 4 times leads to a subsequent deterioration in the physical and mechanical characteristics of foam concrete. Regularities of the effect of the mass percentage of the introduction and the size of the nanomodified filler fraction on the physical and mechanical characteristics of foam concrete samples were established. It is shown that the most effective is the introduction of 1% wt. nanostructured sand additive with a fraction of 0.16 mm. An increase in compressive strength, and bending strength of foam concrete samples during their modification with developed nanostructured additives, depending on the type and concentration of the CNT growth catalyst, the percentage of introduction and fraction of nanomodified sand, and the composition of the additive. For the first time, the positive effect of adding a complex additive containing nanomodified sand filler (1% wt.) and metakaolin (10% wt.) to the foam concrete mixture has been proven.
The Utility of The Anatomage Virtual Dissection Table and OsiriX in Creating Clinical Anatomy and Radiology Learning Modules on Brain Lesions
Authors: Sadiq Zuhair , Raoof Ameed
Published: February 2023

In recent years with the advent of technology in medical education, teaching methodology has shifted towards heavy use of online-learning modalities. This has been especially the case for anatomy and radiology courses since they require students to visualize structures of the human body. This issue may be resolved with Anatomage and OsiriX, which several studies have indicated is effective at enhancing students’ learning experiences. This project aims to study the effectiveness of virtual modules in supplementing neuroanatomy learning. We hypothesize that modules created using Anatomage and OsiriX will improve the performances of medical students learning about different types of brain tumors. Two online modules were designed, consisting of a clinical case and CT and MRI images taken from Anatomage and OsiriX. A total of 72 responses across the modules were recorded from fourth-year medical students at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar. The study intended to assess the effectiveness of the modules by comparing quiz scores between one randomized group of students who took the modules versus a second group that did not take the modules. The difference was calculated between the scores for each group using a paired t-test. A significant difference was found between the two groups’ quiz scores for all the modules. The majority of the students who took the modules agreed (72%) that the modules were easy to navigate and reported that the modules helped them understand the concepts (78%). This new online-based learning medium can provide a more enriching and engaging learning experience for medical students.
Prognostic implication of YY1 and CP2c expression in patients with primary breast cancer
Authors: Chung Min Sung , Cha Chihwan , Son Seung Han , Kim Chul Geun , Park Hosub
Published: February 2023

Background
YY1 is transcription factor that regulates differential epigenetic pathways and protein modifications. CP2c is transcription factor that functions as oncogene to regulate cancer cell proliferation. YY1 is known to interact with CP2c to suppress CP2c’s transcriptional activity. However, it is unknown whether YY1 has prognostic significance in breast cancer. Thus, we aimed to investigate YY1 and CP2c expression in breast cancer and prognostic implications.
Methods
Clinical information and tissues were obtained from 491 patients with invasive breast cancer. YY1 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining and patients were divided into two groups according to H-score. Western blot and RT-PCR assays were used for quantifications of YY1 and CP2c mRNA and protein expression.
Results
Of 491 patients with breast cancer, 138 patients showed YY1 overexpression. Luminal subtype, and early stage were associated with overexpression. After follow-up of 68 months, YY1 overexpression was found to be associated with better prognosis. In Cox proportional hazards model, YY1 overexpression functioned as independent prognostic factor after adjustment of ER/HER2 status and tumor size. Quantitative analysis of YY1 and CP2c protein expression in tumor revealed negative correlation between them.
Conclusions
YY1 overexpression is a favorable prognostic biomarker in patients with breast cancer, and it has negative correlation with CP2c.
ZnO:V nanoparticles with enhanced antimicrobial activities
Authors: Alaya L. , Saeedi Ahmad M. , Alsaigh Ahmad A. , Almalki Meshal H.K. , Alonizan N. H. , Hjiri M.
Published: February 2023

In this study, we used sol-gel to synthesize undoped and V-ZnO nanoparticles with different vanadium concentrations (1, 3 and 5 at.%) under supercritical dry condition of ethanol. XRD spectra showed that the obtained powders are well crystallised in hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO nanoparticles. The average crystallites size, estimated by Debye-Scherer formula, was found to be equal to 31 nm for the pure sample and it was decreased to 27 nm for the 3at.% vanadium doped one. SEM and TEM photographs indicated the spherical and elongated shape of the nanoparticles. The stretching bands located at 419 cm-1 confirmed ZnO materials formation. The efficacity of the produced ZnO NPs against G+, G- bacteria and fungi was tested. Vanadium doped ZnO, with low concentrations (10 µg/ml) exhibited a large influence on bacteria and fungi growth inhibition.
Fully automated imaging protocol independent system for pituitary adenoma segmentation: A Convolutional Neural Network-based model on sparsely annotated MRI
Authors: Martin Černý , Jan Kybic , Martin Májovský , Vojtěch Sedlák , Karin Pirgl , Eva Misiorzová , Radim Lipina , David Netuka
Published: February 2023

This study aims to develop a fully automated imaging protocol independent system for pituitary adenoma segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans that can work without user interaction and evaluate its accuracy and utility for clinical applications. We trained two independent artificial neural networks on MRI scans of 394 patients. The scans were acquired according to various imaging protocols over the course of 11 years on 1.5T and 3T MRI systems. The segmentation model assigned a class label to each input pixel (pituitary adenoma, internal carotid artery, normal pituitary gland, background). The slice segmentation model classified slices as clinically relevant (structures of interest in slice) or irrelevant (anterior or posterior to sella turcica). We used MRI data of another 99 patients to evaluate the performance of the model during training. We validated the model on a prospective cohort of 14 patients, Dice coefficients of 0.934, 0.705 and 0.219 for tumor, ICA and normal gland labels, respectively, were achieved. The slice selection model achieved 90.2% accuracy, 84.8% sensitivity, 95.7% specificity and an AUC of 0.965. A human expert rated 71.4% of the segmentation results as accurate, 28.6% as slightly inaccurate and 0% as coarsely inaccurate. Our model achieved good results comparable with recent works of other authors on the largest dataset to date and generalized well for various imaging protocols. We discussed future clinical applications, and their considerations. Models and frameworks for clinical use have yet to be developed and evaluated.
Future predictions of wave and response of multiple floating bodies based on the Kalman filter algorithm
Authors: Isnaini Rodhiatul , Tatsumi Akira , Iijima Kazuhiro
Published: February 2023

The present work explores the possibility of predicting future waves by extending the Kalman filter algorithm by incorporating the spatial distance between two points. Experimental data at 2D tank are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. When causality limitation is fulfilled, it is found that 3-8 s or several cycles of waves ahead can be predicted in model scale, depending on the distance between the two points. If a scaling of 1/100 is adopted, this means 30-80 s waves ahead can be estimated. The longer the distance, the longer future predictable time will be. Response predictions using wave prediction data are also investigated. The results for the response prediction also exhibits high accuracy, with even higher predictable future time (80-120 s ahead given 1/100 scale ratio) compared to its associated predictable future time of waves.
New organotin(IV) complexes derived from 1-adamantanethiol: Synthesis, structure, DFT calculation and in vitro bioactivities
Authors: Meng Zixuan , Zhang Rufen , Shi Hongliang , Ma Chunlin
Published: February 2023

Five new organotin(IV) complexes, Me2SnL2 (1), n-Bu2SnL2 (2), t-Bu2SnL2 (3), Ph2SnL2 (4), and Ph3SnL (5), have been designed and synthesized by the reactions of the deprotonated 1-adamantanethiol ligand (L = C10H15S) with the corresponding R2SnCl2 (R = Me, n-Bu, t-Bu, Ph) and Ph3SnCl. The newly synthesized complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Structural analyses of the complexes reveal that the tin atoms of five complexes show tetrahedral structure. Meanwhile, optimized geometrical parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies, frontier molecular orbitals were obtained with B3LYP method on complexes 1–5 for the further certificate of the measured experimental data to give theoretical support. Furthermore, the in vitro biological activities of complexes 1–5 were assessed with the HeLa (human cervical cancer cell line) and HepG-2 (human liver cancer cell line). For the result, complex 5 exhibited a high in vitro cytostatic activity. Also, the antifungal effects were evaluated, SEM and TEM images were prepared from Alternaria kikuchiana Tanaka to analyze the macroscopic action site of the drug on the fungus.
Density kernel depth for outlier detection in functional data
Authors: Hernández Nicolás , Muñoz Alberto , Martos Gabriel
Published: February 2023

In this paper we address the problem of outlier detection in the functional data context. To this end we define a functional depth measure via density kernels, that satisfies the desirable theoretical properties. We consider a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) model to get a low-dimensional and stable representation of the functions. Throughout a Monte Carlo simulation study we assess the performance of the functional depth in the outlier detection task, under different scenarios and outlier contamination settings. By means of an application to mortality rate curves we show the effectiveness of the proposed functional depth measure to pinpoint shape functional outliers whose visual identification is difficult.
Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Elderly Patients with Large Ischemic Cores
Authors: liu qian , fang jinghuan , jiang xin , duan ting , luo yaxi , gao lijie , dong shuju , ma mengmeng , zhou muke , He Li
Published: February 2023

Background: As the combined effects of advanced age and extensive brain infarction can have a greater negative impact on clinical outcomes, a real-world data analysis is necessary to fully understand the benefits and risks of endovascular therapy (EVT) in this population. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes for elderly stroke patients (age ≥ 70) with large ischemic cores (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score [ASPECTS] < 6 or ischemic cores ≥ 70 ml) in the anterior circulation using data from our prospective database between June 2018 and January 2022. The effectiveness and risks of EVT in those patients were investigated, with the primary outcome being fair outcome (modified Rankin Scale, mRS ≤ 3). Results: Among 182 elderly patients with large ischemic core volume (120 in the EVT group and 62 in the non-EVT group), 20.9% (38/182, 22.5% in the EVT group vs. 17.7% in the non-EVT group) achieved a fair outcome. Meanwhile, 49.5% (90/182, 45.8% in the EVT group vs. 56.5% in the non-EVT group) of them died at 3 months. EVT may help patients achieve functional independence. The benefits of EVT numerically exceeded non-EVT treatment for those aged ≤ ~ 85 years or with a mismatch volume ≥ ~ 50ml. However, EVT showed increased risk of symptomatic ICH after adjustment (aOR 7.279, 95%CI 1.131–46.845). Conclusion: This study highlights the significant clinical challenges faced by elderly patients with large infarction, with poor outcomes observed at 3 months. While EVT may offer some benefits, it also comes with increased risk of ICH.
Pivot Hamiltonians as generators of symmetry and entanglement
Authors: Tantivasadakarn Nathanan , Thorngren Ryan , Vishwanath Ashvin , Verresen Ruben
Published: February 2023

It is well-known that symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases can
be obtained from the trivial phase by an entangler, a finite-depth
unitary operator UU.
Here, we consider obtaining the entangler from a local ‘pivot’
Hamiltonian H_\text{pivot}Hpivot
such that U = e^{i\pi H_\text{pivot}}U=eiπHpivot.
This perspective of Hamiltonians pivoting between the trivial and SPT
phase opens up two new directions: (i) Since SPT Hamiltonians and
entanglers are now on the same footing, can we iterate this process to
create other interesting states? (ii) Since entanglers are known to
arise as discrete symmetries at SPT transitions, under what conditions
can this be enhanced to U(1)U(1)
pivot symmetry generated by H_\text{pivot}Hpivot?
In this work we explore both of these questions. With regard to the
first, we give examples of a rich web of dualities obtained by
iteratively using an SPT model as a pivot to generate the next one. For
the second question, we derive a simple criterion for when the direct
interpolation between the trivial and SPT Hamiltonian has a
U(1)U(1)
pivot symmetry. We illustrate this in a variety of examples, assuming
various forms for H_\text{pivot}Hpivot,
including the Ising chain, and the toric code Hamiltonian. A remarkable
property of such a U(1)U(1)
pivot symmetry is that it shares a mutual anomaly with the symmetry
protecting the nearby SPT phase. We discuss how such anomalous and
non-onsite U(1)U(1)
symmetries explain the exotic phase diagrams that can appear, including
an SPT multicritical point where the gapless ground state is given by
the fixed-point toric code state.
Comparative analysis and risk assessment of dam-break floods: Taking Pingshuijiang Reservoir as an example
Authors: Jiang Xun , Meng Jie , Fan Bingjie , Zhao Chongxu , Zheng Yanshuang , Xiao Qianlu , Zhang Chunjin , Ma Dongfang
Published: February 2023

Due to the huge potential energy associated with water storage in reservoirs, dam-break floods are often catastrophically destructive for people and structures downstream. This study aims to simulate and compare floods generated under various dam-break scenarios and their downstream impacts, taking Pingshuijiang Reservoir in southeastern China as an example. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is used to simulate the downstream evolution of floods under three dam-break scenarios, and the breach flood and downstream inundation process are analyzed. Gradual failure of the main dam leads to near-total inundation of the nearby town over c. 1 h, allowing time for warning and evacuation. Instantaneous failure of the main dam results in larger peak flow, greater submergence depth and faster inundation (20 min), leaving little time for warning/evacuation. Instantaneous failure of the auxiliary dam generates a much lower peak flow magnitude and, although the town is still largely submerged within 45 min, the shallow water depth and low velocity are conducive to rescue/evacuation. The results show significant variation in flood process and submergence due to dam size and failure mode that provide guidance for dam-break flood risk assessment and disaster avoidance planning.
The Effect of Teaching Science with Digital Games on Students' Cognitive Structures and Conceptual Changes
Authors: Arslan Kevser , Görgülü Arı Asli
Published: February 2023

In this study, it is aimed to examine the effects of science teaching through digital games on students' cognitive structures and concept changes about meiosis topic. In line with the determined purpose, the study group consisted of 50 students studying at the seventh-grade level in public schools. One of the purposive sampling techniques, easily accessible case sampling, was utilized to determine the research group. The research was carried out with a single group pre-test and post-test experimental design. Science was taught to the determined study group by using a game prepared with technology support. The word association test, which was prepared by the researchers after taking expert opinion, was used as a data collection tool and applied as a pre-test and post-test. While analysing the data obtained from the students, frequency tables were created and concept networks were drawn that reveal the cognitive structures of the students.As a result of the research, it was revealed that the conceptual deficiencies of the students about meiosis topic were eliminated. Considering the results of the study, it is suggested that technology-based games are tools whichcan be used in teaching concepts
Exploration of Computational Aids for Effective Drug Designing and
Management of Viral Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Khan Tahmeena , Raza Saman
Published: February 2023

Background:

Microbial diseases, specifically originating from viruses are the major cause of human mortality all over the world. The current COVID-19 pandemic is a case in point, where the dynamics of the viral-human interactions are still not completely understood, making its treatment a case of trial and error. Scientists are struggling to devise a strategy to contain the pan-demic for over a year and this brings to light the lack of understanding of how the virus grows and multiplies in the human body.

Methods:

This paper presents the perspective of the authors on the applicability of computational tools for deep learning and understanding of host-microbe interaction, disease progression and man-agement, drug resistance and immune modulation through in silico methodologies which can aid in effective and selective drug development. The paper has summarized advances in the last five years. The studies published and indexed in leading databases have been included in the review.

Results:

Computational systems biology works on an interface of biology and mathematics and in-tends to unravel the complex mechanisms between the biological systems and the inter and intra species dynamics using computational tools, and high-throughput technologies developed on algo-rithms, networks and complex connections to simulate cellular biological processes.

Conclusion:

Computational strategies and modelling integrate and prioritize microbial-host interac-tions and may predict the conditions in which the fine-tuning attenuates. These microbial-host inter-actions and working mechanisms are important from the aspect of effective drug designing and fi-ne-tuning the therapeutic interventions.
The Anticancer Potentials of Substituted Indeno[1,2-b]quinoline Amines
against HT29 and SW620: Experimental and In silico Approach
Authors: Ökten Salih , Aydın Ali , Erkan Sultan , Tutar Ahmet
Published: February 2023

Background:

This study aimed the determination of the antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities
of recently prepared indeno [1,2-b]quinoline amines against colon carcinoma, HT29 and SW620 cell
lines by using cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays.

Methods:

In vitro inhibition of cell proliferation of indenoquinoline derivatives was determined with an
MTT cell proliferation assay. On the other hand, their cell cytotoxicities and apoptotic potential were
investigated by LDH cytotoxicity and DNA laddering assays. Moreover, molecular docking studies were
performed between the compounds and PDB ID: 1OLG and 4LVT target proteins using virtual scanning
techniques.

Results:

Most of the compounds (1, 3, and 7-9) exhibit much more potent antiproliferative activity than
positive controls against HT29 and SW620 cell lines (IC50 values 1.1 - 4.1 μg/mL) and show slightly
toxic properties (percent cytotoxicity 9.8% to 33.5%) to cells compared to positive control. On the other
hand, it was determined that effective compounds 1, 2, 3 and 9 stimulated apoptosis on HT29 and
SW620. Moreover, the anticancer effect of the recent indeno[1,2-b]quinoline amine derivatives was investigated
with the help of molecular docking simulations for their pharmacokinetics. The molecular
docking results displayed that mono bromo (1-3) and phenyl (7-9) substituted indeno [1,2-b]quinoline
amines interact with mutated p53 and protein Blc-2 residues with hydrogen bonding and polar interactions,
respectively.

Conclusion:

As a result, the preliminary experimental data and in silico studies indicated that the monosubstituted
indenoquinoline amine derivatives, especially 1, 3, and 7-9, exhibit effective pharmacological
properties.
Role of Apoptotic-targeted Phytoconstitutent-loaded Antipsoriatic
Nanobiocomposites
Authors: Singh  Patel Pankaj , Srivastava Rajnish , Panchawat Sunita
Published: February 2023

Psoriasis is an inflammatory and proliferative autoimmune dermatological disorder. It is a
skin ailment that is defined by particular, drab-red or peach-pink stiff areas with silvery scales patches.
Other typical characteristics include the proliferation of epidermal layer, aberrant keratinization,
hyperkeratosis, increased micro capillary vascularization, and infiltration of inflammatory mediator
loaded cells. Conventional pharmacotherapies currently available can only provide minor advantages.
Nanomedicines based on nanotechnology can potentially improve the efficacy and safety
of psoriasis medications. Apoptosis plays an important pathogenetic role in many chronic inflammatory
diseases, including those of dermatological interest, in particular, regarding psoriasis. In this regard,
treatments with antioxidant properties could be appropriate therapeutic options. We reviewed
the available studies on the efficacy of antiapoptotic therapies in psoriasis. We'll look at phytochemicals
in this review, which are natural components found in plants with antiapoptotic activity that are
frequently used to treat psoriasis. For improved topical treatment, we also take into consideration the
advantages of loading phytoconstituents as medicines into lipid based nanocarriers. The utilization of
herbal nanomedicines in psoriasis, as well as nano delivery carrier system for phytoconstituents with
improved therapeutic profiles and decreased toxicity, are the subjects of this review. The study's purpose
is to find more effective herbal nanomedicines for treating psoriasis. In the treatment of psoriasis,
phytoconstituents that have shown antipsoriatic potential in recent years, as well as phytoconstituents
loaded based nanomedicines, have a lot of promising roles to be explored. Furthermore, very
few patents have been found in the field of nanotechnology utilizing lipid-based nanocarrier system
for the treatment of psoriasis. Therefore, this review greatly compels the researcher to validate the
process development of lipid-based drug delivery system for the patentability of the product. This
should be in a view of shifting in the applicability of the drug delivery system for general public
health as a potential treatment option in psoriasis.
Microscopic Evidence of the Behavior of pH-sensitive Food-grade
Polymeric Delivery Systems
Authors: Carbone Claudia , Pignatello Rosario , Rizzo Salvatore , Cosentino Giuseppe , Zingale Elide , Bonaccorso Angela , Petralia Salvatore , Monforte Francesca , Condorelli Guglielmo G.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Colon delivery systems are designed for the oral delivery of active compounds in the large intestine. Food-grade copolymers Eudraguard® Biotic (EUGB) and control (EUGC) have been investigated to develop colloidal systems loading natural active ingredients.

Methods:

In this study, we evaluated the degradation process of these matrices in simulated gastric, intestinal and colonic conditions. Microparticles made of EUGB and EUGC, alone or in combination, were loaded with the model compound resveratrol (RSV). A parallel study was performed on in vitro RSV release and SEM analysis of microparticles kept at different pH values.

Results:

All systems ensured a limited gastric release of RSV (below 20%), presenting only small pores on the surface of microparticles treated with simulated gastric fluid. EUGB microparticles showed the maximum release in simulated colon fluid (SCF), showing a complete dissolution of the microparticle matrix. The EUGC-based system allowed a prolonged release of RSV over time, and in SCF, it showed only partial degradation. Using mixed EUGB/EUGC matrices, a prolonged RSV release was observed along the intestinal tract.

Conclusion:

Overall, EUGB and EUGC copolymers were able to modulate and localize the release of entrapped cargo in the small intestine and colon. They could have interesting applications in treating bowel diseases synergistically with other therapeutic strategies.
EFFECT OF USING SILICA GEL AS ACTIVE PACKAGING TO THE LEMANG DETERIORATION IN LAHAT
Authors:   Politeknik Pariwisata Palembang, Pratama Melati , Sonjaya Arief Marna ,   Politeknik Pariwisata Palembang
Published: February 2023

The subject of this research was to analyze how the effect of silica gel concentration on Lemang water content, color, texture, taste and aroma. This study used a CRFD (Completely Randomized Factorial Design) by each two treatments and replications. The 1st treatment was silica concentrations (gram), it were 0, 1, 3 and 5. The 2nd treatment was time storage (days), it was 0, 3, 5 and 7. The data as a result were analyzed using ANOVA (analysis of variance) and SRD (the Smallest Real Difference) at a 95% confidence level. The application of silica gel on bamboo of Lemang gave a very significant effect to the Lemang water content, color and texture during 3 to 7 days storage. The best treatment from silica and time storage was 0 gram with 5 days storage. It had water content 55.67%, and the color was like by 3.8 points, the texture was little neutral by 2.16 points, the taste was little neutral by 2.30 points and the aroma was little dislike by 1.67 points.
RESPON KANDUNGAN GLUKOSA DARAH TERHADAP PEMBERIAN MINUMAN LIANG TEH PONTIANAK
Authors:   Universitas Tanjungpura, Mekar Ubi , Dewi Yohana Sutiknyawati Kusuma ,   Universitas Tanjungpura, Fadly Dzul ,   Universitas Tanjungpura
Published: February 2023

Minuman tradisional liang teh Pontianak sehingga berpotensi menurunkan kandungan glukosa darah manusia karna mengandung senyawa bioaktif tinggi. Selain itu terdapat daun muje yang memiliki sifat antioksidan yang secara turun temurun digunakan dalam pengobatan. Tujuan penelitian, mengetahui kadar total fenol, kadar flavonoid, aktivitas antioksidan, dan respon kandungan glukosa darah dari liang teh Pontianak yang diberi tambahan daun muje. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap terdiri dari 2 perlakuan yaitu 16 g dan 32 g daun muje (Dicliptera chinensis) pada formulasi liang teh Pontianak. Subjek yang terlibat 13 orang untuk uji klinis, mengonsumsi liang teh Pontianak dengan penambahan daun muje sesuai perlakuan sebanyak 250 ml dengan glukosa 50 g. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kandungan komponen bioaktif tertinggi pada formulasi liang teh dengan kandungan 32 g daun muje yaitu total fenol 1591.30 ± 6.01 mgGAE/100 g, total flavonoid 1989.13 ± 31.00 mgQE/100 g dan aktivitas antioksidan 60.25 ± 1.00 %.Kesimpulannya, penggunaan 32 g daun muje pada liang teh menghasilkan kandungan senyawa bioaktif, aktivitas antioksidan, dan penurunan glukosa darah terbaik.
DISRUPTION: HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT
Authors: Kelshall Candyce
Published: February 2023

On November 21, 2022, Candyce Kelshall, president of CASIS Vancouver and vice chair at the Canadian Intelligence Network, presented Disruption: Hiding in Plain Sight at the 2022 CASIS Vancouver West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the distinction of Generation Z and Alpha from previous generations, their presence in the online and offline worlds, cyber- and soft war and its implication in the West and in Ukraine, Russia building new partnerships, the survival of liberal democracy, and Canada’s role in ensuring the survival of liberal democracy.
 
Received: 2023-01-16Revised: 2023-01-26
LEVERAGING DIVERSITY, EQUALITY, AND INCLUSION (DEI) IN MEETING MODERN INTELLIGENCE CHALLENGES
Authors: Tessier Michelle
Published: February 2023

On November 22, 2022, Ms. Michelle Tessier, Deputy Director of Operations, Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), presented on Leveraging Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) in Meeting Modern Intelligence Challenges. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the ways in which DEI strategy helps the government of Canada deliver programs and services to all Canadians and examples of steps taken to ensure the implementation of such strategy.
 
Received: 2022-12-10Revised: 2022-12-30
EN(COUNTERING) TERRORISM
Authors: Bloom Mia
Published: February 2023

On November 23, 2022, Dr. Mia Bloom, Communications and Middle East Studies professor at Georgia State University, presented on “En(countering) Terrorism” at the 2022 Annual CASIS Vancouver West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the changing roles of women in terrorist groups, the relationship between social media and terrorist groups, and the emergence of the QAnon movement.
 
Received: 2023-01-08Revised: 2023-01-17
CYBER SECURITY, DATA PROTECTION, AND PRIVACY IN A CONTESTED GEO-POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Shull Aaron
Published: February 2023

On November 25, 2022, Aaron Shull, Managing Director, and General Counsel for the Centre for International Governance Innovation (Canada) presented on Cyber Security, Data Protection, and Privacy in a Contested Geo-Political Environment. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were privacy rights—their limitations, relationship with technology, and overall value— as well as data exploitation and the need for improving cyber security postures for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs).
 
Received: 2022-12-27Revised: 2023-01-12
CLOSING REMARKS: CYBER RESILIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES PANEL — 2022 WEST COAST SECURITY CONFERENCE
Authors: Kelshall Richard
Published: February 2023

On November 25, 2022, Rear Admiral Richard Kelshall (Rtd), presented his closing remarks for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the current weaponization of mis/disinformation and suggestions to combat against it, eliminating information silos, and turning towards Caribbean nations regarding intelligence sharing.
 
Received: 2022-12-21Revised: 2022-12-29