bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indoor replication of outdoor climbing routes: fidelity analysis of digital manufacturing workflow
Authors: Bacciaglia Antonio , Falcetelli Francesco , Di Sante Raffaella , Liverani Alfredo , Ceruti Alessandro
Published: November 2023

This study aims to evaluate the advantages and criticalities of applying additive manufacturing to produce climbing holds replicating real rocky surfaces. A sample of a rocky surface has been reproduced with a budget-friendly 3D scanner exploiting structured light and made in additive manufacturing. The methodology is designed to build a high-fidelity replica of the rocky surface using only minor geometry modifications to convert a 2D triangulated surface into a 3D watertight model optimised for additive manufacturing. In addition, the research uses a novel design and uncertainty estimation approach. The proposed methodology proved capable of replicating a rocky sample with sub-millimetre accuracy, which is more realistic than conventional screw-on plastic holds currently used in climbing gyms. The advantages can be addressed in terms of customisation, manufacturing cost and time reduction that could lead to real outdoor climbing experiences in indoor environments by coupling additive manufacturing techniques and reverse engineering (RE). However, operating the scanner in a rocky environment and the considerable size of the climbing routes suggest that further research is needed to extend the proposed methodology to real case studies. Further analysis should focus on selecting the best material and additive manufacturing technology to produce structural components for climbing environments.
Male marriage squeeze and a sociodemographic portrait of involuntary bachelors in rural China
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Guo Zhen , Liang Haili , Samuel Persis , Dong Lin , Peng Yuan , Li Shuzhuo
Published: November 2023

This study uses, primarily, the 2020 National Population Census data to comprehensively examine the phenomenon of the “male marriage squeeze” and provide a socio-demographic portrait of involuntary bachelors in rural China. The descriptive findings make clear the pronounced male marriage squeeze in rural China. In 2020, China recorded its highest historical sex ratio of marriageable population, reaching 110. The age-specific proportions of never-married men surpass those of women, particularly in rural areas where a significant proportion of men remain unmarried throughout their lives. Between 2010 and 2020, men in rural areas exhibited a notable trend of delayed marriage. The likelihood of rural men getting married steadily declined during this decade, with rural men significantly less likely to get married than urban men. In China, the concentration of involuntary bachelors is mainly in rural areas, characterized by lower socioeconomic status, and inferior living conditions. While educational qualification among involuntary bachelors in rural areas has improved, it still lags behind that of currently or previously married men. Another problem is that the elderly population in rural areas faces resource scarcity, increasing the reliance on the minimum subsistence allowance. Elderly involuntary bachelors are generally in poorer health than their married peers, and the health disparity is widening. To make matters worse, a high percentage of these men live alone.
A review of optimization modeling and solution methods in renewable energy systems
Authors: Yu Shiwei , You Limin , Zhou Shuangshuang
Published: November 2023

The advancement of renewable energy (RE) represents a pivotal strategy in mitigating climate change and advancing energy transition efforts. A current of research pertains to strategies for fostering RE growth. Among the frequently proposed approaches, employing optimization models to facilitate decision-making stands out prominently. Drawing from an extensive dataset comprising 32806 literature entries encompassing the optimization of renewable energy systems (RES) from 1990 to 2023 within the Web of Science database, this study reviews the decision-making optimization problems, models, and solution methods thereof throughout the renewable energy development and utilization chain (REDUC) process. This review also endeavors to structure and assess the contextual landscape of RES optimization modeling research. As evidenced by the literature review, optimization modeling effectively resolves decision-making predicaments spanning RE investment, construction, operation and maintenance, and scheduling. Predominantly, a hybrid model that combines prediction, optimization, simulation, and assessment methodologies emerges as the favored approach for optimizing RES-related decisions. The primary framework prevalent in extant research solutions entails the dissection and linearization of established models, in combination with hybrid analytical strategies and artificial intelligence algorithms. Noteworthy advancements within modeling encompass domains such as uncertainty, multienergy carrier considerations, and the refinement of spatiotemporal resolution. In the realm of algorithmic solutions for RES optimization models, a pronounced focus is anticipated on the convergence of analytical techniques with artificial intelligence-driven optimization. Furthermore, this study serves to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of research trajectories and existing gaps, expediting the identification of pertinent optimization models conducive to enhancing the efficiency of REDUC development endeavors.
Evaluation of a Pilot: Inspection Facilitation and Collaboration Using a Mixed Reality Device
Authors: Baker Peter , Cathey Tamika , Auclair Jared R.
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic forced industry and national regulatory authorities (NRAs) to think about innovative ways to ensure business continuity, including Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) inspections. Even prior to COVID-19, it was understood that GMP site inspections, especially redundant inspections, are a time and resource-intensive process for both industry and regulators in high-income countries and often prohibitive to resource-challenged countries. Thus, we investigated the use of a mixed reality device and Microsoft (MS) Teams as a platform for mixed reality (hybrid) remote inspection. This pilot involved a mock GMP inspection of a drug manufacturing facility in the United States. The mock inspection was conducted by two former USFDA (US Food and Drug Administration) investigators, facilitated by representatives from Northeastern University along with The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Also participating in the inspection were inspectors from national regulatory agencies (NRAs) from the African continent, including Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, and representatives from the Pre-Qualification Inspection Unit at the World Health Organization (WHO). Harmonized inspectional guidance from PIC/s (GMP Guide) and WHO (TRS 823) were used as the standards for conducting the mock inspection. We found that mixed reality, used in conjunction with a collaborative text messaging system, is a viable tool to facilitate remote inspections and allows inspectors participating remotely to write their own independent inspection reports.
IOP volunteerism: Acting as individuals, acting as a community
Authors: Adler Seymour , Bazigos Michael N. , Desrosiers Erica , Goldberg Andrea , Heaton Laura , Kamin Allen , Nelson Miriam
Published: November 2023

Tippins et al. (2023) challenge I-O psychologists to more actively – in Miller’s oft-quoted APA presidential address – “give psychology away.” Their article provides stirring examples of the impact several of our colleagues have made in giving psychology away. In thinking about how to encourage and facilitate more of us to volunteer, we’d like to share several thoughts on our roles as I-Os, both as individuals and as a community. In particular, we propose that volunteerism is an expression of our calling as I-Os; suggest five roles we can play as individuals; discuss three roles for the community at-large; and conclude with a call to action.
Mach reflection of three-dimensional curved shock waves on V-shaped blunt leading edges
Authors: Zhang Tao , Cheng Jianrui , Shi Chongguang , Zhu Chengxiang , You Yancheng
Published: November 2023

Theoretical investigation of the primary Mach reflection (MR) configuration on V-shaped blunt leading edges (VBLEs) forms the focus of this study. By ignoring the secondary interactions, a theoretical method based on a simplified form of the continuity relation is developed to predict the shock configurations, including the detached shock, the Mach stem, the transmitted shock and the triple point. The comparison of the theoretical results with both numerical and previous experimental results shows the reliability of the theoretical approach in predicting shock structures across a wide range of free stream and geometric parameters. The theoretical model provides a detailed comprehension of the occurrence mechanism of inverse MRs on VBLEs and the influence of the free stream and geometric parameters on primary MR configurations. Along with the primary MR configuration, the curved shock or compression waves generated by the crotch are solved and offer insight into the transition from the MR to the regular reflection from the same family (sRR). The increase of the ratio

$R/r$

and the free stream Mach number

$M_0$

appears to facilitate the transition, while the effect of the half-span angle

$\beta$

is non-monotonic. The predicted shock positions allow for the identification of the transition boundary between the primary MR and sRR. It is found that

$R/r$

below a threshold (for a set

$M_0$

value) produces MR, irrespective of

$\beta$

. If this threshold is exceeded, the configuration can transition from the primary MR to sRR and then back to the primary MR as

$\beta$

increases.
On the representability of actions of Leibniz algebras and Poisson algebras
Authors: Cigoli Alan S. , Mancini Manuel , Metere Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

In a recent paper, motivated by the study of central extensions of associative algebras, George Janelidze introduces the notion of weakly action representable category. In this paper, we show that the category of Leibniz algebras is weakly action representable and we characterize the class of acting morphisms. Moreover, we study the representability of actions of the category of Poisson algebras and we prove that the subvariety of commutative Poisson algebras is not weakly action representable.
Juan Donoso Cortés and Political Theology
Authors: Steilen Felix
Published: November 2023

The article offers a reconstruction of Donoso's idea of political theology by analyzing his main work, the 1851 Essay on Catholicism, Socialism, and Liberalism. Commentators have often confined the role of Donoso to a footnote in the literature on Carl Schmitt. To better appreciate his original thought, this article analyzes his account of the secularization of theological ideas. Donoso understands modern politics as a confrontation between the philosophies of socialism, liberalism, and Catholicism, which diverge on questions about the nature of man, of evil, and of society. Modern worldviews are thus read through simplified Catholic dogma. Donoso's vision of politics as secularized theology develops in dialogue with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. The Donoso-Proudhon-Schmitt rapport allows a consideration of political theology in terms of metaphor and literary device. Within this larger story, Donoso represents the moment when a traditionalist figure of thought slowly detaches itself from its historical foundations.
A psychometric evaluation of the NIH Toolbox fluid cognition tests adapted for Swahili and Dholuo languages in Kenyan children and adolescents
Authors: McHenry Megan S. , Roose Anna , Abuonji Emily , Nyalumbe Mark , Ayuku David , Ayodo George , Tran Tuan M. , Kaat Aaron J.
Published: November 2023

Objective:

Our objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the culturally adapted NIH Toolbox African Languages® when used in Swahili and Dholuo-speaking children in western Kenya.

Method:

Swahili-speaking participants were recruited from Eldoret and Dholuo-speaking participants from Ajigo; all were <14 years of age and enrolled in primary school. Participants completed a demographics questionnaire and five fluid cognition tests of the NIH Toolbox® African Languages program, including Flanker, Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS), Picture Sequence Memory, Pattern Comparison, and List Sorting tests. Statistical analyses examined aspects of reliability, including internal consistency (in both languages) and test–retest reliability (in Dholuo only).

Results:

Participants included 479 children (n = 239, Swahili-speaking; n = 240, Dholuo-speaking). Generally, the tests had acceptable psychometric properties for research use within Swahili- and Dholuo-speaking populations (mean age = 10.5; SD = 2.3). Issues related to shape identification and accuracy over speed limited the utility of DCCS for many participants, with approximately 25% of children unable to match based on shape. These cultural differences affected outcomes of reliability testing among the Dholuo-speaking cohort, where accuracy improved across all five tests, including speed.

Conclusions:

There is preliminary evidence that the NIH Toolbox ® African Languages potentially offers a valid assessment of development and performance using tests of fluid cognition in Swahili and Dholuo among research settings. With piloting underway across other diverse settings, future research should gather additional evidence on the clinical utility and acceptability of these tests, specifically through the establishment of norming data among Kenyan regions and evaluating these psychometric properties.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury in Vietnam: Assessment, prevalence, and impact on caregivers
Authors: Nguyen My-Ngan , Pham Rose , Nguyen Tuong-Vu , Lam-Nguyen Nha-Truc , McDonald Skye , Quang Halle
Published: November 2023

Objective:

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been well documented in WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) populations. In non-WEIRD populations, such as Vietnam, however, patients with TBI clinically remain uninvestigated with potential neuropsychiatric disorders, limiting on-time critical interventions. This study aims to (1) adapt the Vietnamese Neuropsychiatric Inventory (V-NPI), (2) examine NPSs after moderate-to-severe TBI and (3) evaluate their impact on caregiver burden and well-being in Vietnam.

Method:

Caregivers of seventy-five patients with TBI completed the V-NPI, and other behavior, mood, and caregiver burden scales.

Results:

Our findings demonstrated good internal consistency, convergent validity, and structural validity of the V-NPI. Caregivers reported that 78.7% of patients with TBI had at least three symptoms and 16.0% had more than seven. Behavioral and mood symptoms were more prevalent (ranging from 44.00% to 82.67% and from 46.67% to 66.67%, respectively) and severe in the TBI group. Importantly, NPSs in patients with TBI uniquely predicted 55.95% and 33.98% of caregiver burden and psychological well-being, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study reveals the first evidence for the presence and severity of NPSs after TBI in Vietnam, highlighting an urgent need for greater awareness and clinical assessment of these symptoms in clinical practice. The adapted V-NPI can serve as a useful tool to facilitate such assessments and interventions. In addition, given the significant impact of NPS on caregiver burden and well-being, psychosocial support for caregivers should be established.
A New CCN Number Concentration Prediction Method Based on Multiple Linear Regression and Non‐Negative Matrix Factorization: 1. Development, Validation, and Comparison Using the Measurement Data Over the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Park Minsu , Yum Seong Soo , Seo Pyosuk , Kim Najin , Ahn Chanwoo
Published: November 2023

To reduce uncertainty in climate change prediction, a large amount of cloud condensation nuclei number concentration (NCCN) data must be obtained. This study aimed to develop a new NCCN prediction method, hereafter MLRNMF method, that applies multiple linear regression (MLR) and non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF) to aerosol number size distribution data measured in Seoul and over the Yellow Sea. To verify the reliability of the MLRNMF method, a data set separated from the training data set was used, and sufficient time differences of several years were given between the two data sets to make them as independent as possible from each other. The predicted NCCN was in acceptable agreement with the measured NCCN. The coefficient of determination (R2) values between measured and predicted NCCN for the Yellow Sea and Seoul were 0.81 and 0.71, respectively. Mean fractional bias (MFB) and mean fractional error (MFE) also met the performance goals (<±30% and <+50%, respectively). The MLRNMF method had similar accuracy to the backward integration method but showed strength in robustness and the capability to take into account external mixing. The NCCN prediction methods trained using data of a specific season tended to underestimate/overestimate somewhat, but MFB and MFE for all four seasons met the performance goals except for MFB in using June–August (JJA) data, implying that the MLRNMF method trained using only the data of a specific season can predict NCCN for all four seasons to some extent. It is expected that abundant NCCN data can be obtained through the MLRNMF method in future studies.
Smoke and mirrors – does smoking cause discolouration of composite restorations?
Authors: Abdulla Ranj , Cowan Kirsty
Published: November 2023

Data sources

Searches were carried out across PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published until 28th March 2022.

Study selection

In vitro studies assessing colour stability of resin-based composites (RBCs) exposed to conventional cigarette smoke (CS), tobacco heating systems (THS) or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were considered. Included studies used a spectrophotometer or colorimeter for assessment of discolouration and measured discolouration using CIELAB or CIEDE2000 colour difference formulas. Literature not published in English was excluded.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data was extracted from thirteen studies which met the inclusion criteria. A data collection form was used to collate the extracted information on sample shape, sample diameter, sample thickness, time elapsed before smoke exposure, smoke exposure protocol, colour measurement device, sample finishing method, brushing simulation and whether exposure was to CS, THS or ENDS.

Results

All 13 included studies analysed CS, four studies analysed ENDS and two studies analysed THS. A high level of variability was identified between the studies in relation to smoke exposure protocol. CS caused the highest level of discolouration of RBCs.

Conclusions

This systematic review of in vitro studies found CS caused irreversible RBC discolouration. ENDS and THS caused less colour change, which could be reversed with repolishing or bleaching procedures, although evidence was limited. Further research is required to consider the long-term effect of CS, ENDS and THS on discolouration of RBCs.
Repeated Omicron exposures override ancestral SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting
Authors: Yisimayi Ayijiang , Song Weiliang , Wang Jing , Jian Fanchong , Yu Yuanling , Chen Xiaosu , Xu Yanli , Yang Sijie , Niu Xiao , Xiao Tianhe , Wang Jing , Zhao Lijuan , Sun Haiyan , An Ran , Zhang Na , Wang Yao , Wang Peng , Yu Lingling , Lv Zhe , Gu Qingqing , Shao Fei , Jin Ronghua , Shen Zhongyang , Xie Xiaoliang Sunney , Wang Youchun , Cao Yunlong
Published: November 2023

The continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights the need to update COVID-19 vaccine compositions. However, immune imprinting induced by vaccination based on the ancestral (hereafter referred to as WT) strain would compromise the antibody response to Omicron-based boosters1–5. Vaccination strategies to counter immune imprinting are critically needed. Here we investigated the degree and dynamics of immune imprinting in mouse models and human cohorts, especially focusing on the role of repeated Omicron stimulation. In mice, the efficacy of single Omicron boosting is heavily limited when using variants that are antigenically distinct from WT—such as the XBB variant—and this concerning situation could be mitigated by a second Omicron booster. Similarly, in humans, repeated Omicron infections could alleviate WT vaccination-induced immune imprinting and generate broad neutralization responses in both plasma and nasal mucosa. Notably, deep mutational scanning-based epitope characterization of 781 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-targeting monoclonal antibodies isolated from repeated Omicron infection revealed that double Omicron exposure could induce a large proportion of matured Omicron-specific antibodies that have distinct RBD epitopes to WT-induced antibodies. Consequently, immune imprinting was largely mitigated, and the bias towards non-neutralizing epitopes observed in single Omicron exposures was restored. On the basis of the deep mutational scanning profiles, we identified evolution hotspots of XBB.1.5 RBD and demonstrated that these mutations could further boost the immune-evasion capability of XBB.1.5 while maintaining high ACE2-binding affinity. Our findings suggest that the WT component should be abandoned when updating COVID-19 vaccines, and individuals without prior Omicron exposure should receive two updated vaccine boosters.
A DNA barcode library for woody plants in tropical and subtropical China
Authors: Jin Lu , Shi Hao-You , Li Ting , Zhao Nan , Xu Yong , Xiao Tian-Wen , Song Feng , Ma Chen-Xin , Li Qiao-Ming , Lin Lu-Xiang , Shao Xiao-Na , Li Bu-Hang , Mi Xiang-Cheng , Ren Hai-Bao , Qiao Xiu-Juan , Lian Ju-Yu , Du Hu , Ge Xue-Jun
Published: November 2023

The application of DNA barcoding has been significantly limited by the scarcity of reliable specimens and inadequate coverage and replication across all species. The deficiency of DNA barcode reference coverage is particularly striking for highly biodiverse subtropical and tropical regions. In this study, we present a comprehensive barcode library for woody plants in tropical and subtropical China. Our dataset includes a standard barcode library comprising the four most widely used barcodes (rbcL, matK, ITS, and ITS2) for 2,520 species from 4,654 samples across 49 orders, 144 families, and 693 genera, along with 79 samples identified at the genus level. This dataset also provides a super-barcode library consisting of 1,239 samples from 1,139 species, 411 genera, 113 families, and 40 orders. This newly developed library will serve as a valuable resource for DNA barcoding research in tropical and subtropical China and bordering countries, enable more accurate species identification, and contribute to the conservation and management of tropical and subtropical forests.
Fluorescent molecular rotors as versatile in situ sensors for protein quantitation
Authors: Daus Kevin , Tharamak Sorachat , Pluempanupat Wanchai , Galie Peter A. , Theodoraki Maria A. , Theodorakis Emmanuel A. , Alpaugh Mary L.
Published: November 2023

Accurate protein quantitation is essential for many cellular mechanistic studies. Existing technology relies on extrinsic sample evaluation that requires significant volumes of sample as well as addition of assay-specific reagents and importantly, is a terminal analysis. This study exploits the unique chemical features of a fluorescent molecular rotor that fluctuates between twisted-to-untwisted states, with a subsequent intensity increase in fluorescence depending on environmental conditions (e.g., viscosity). Here we report the development of a rapid, sensitive in situ protein quantitation method using ARCAM-1, a representative fluorescent molecular rotor that can be employed in both non-terminal and terminal assays.
Evaluating the performance of low-frequency variant calling tools for the detection of variants from short-read deep sequencing data
Authors: Xiang Xudong , Lu Bowen , Song Dongyang , Li Jie , Shu Kunxian , Pu Dan
Published: November 2023

Detection of low-frequency variants with high accuracy plays an important role in biomedical research and clinical practice. However, it is challenging to do so with next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches due to the high error rates of NGS. To accurately distinguish low-level true variants from these errors, many statistical variants calling tools for calling low-frequency variants have been proposed, but a systematic performance comparison of these tools has not yet been performed. Here, we evaluated four raw-reads-based variant callers (SiNVICT, outLyzer, Pisces, and LoFreq) and four UMI-based variant callers (DeepSNVMiner, MAGERI, smCounter2, and UMI-VarCal) considering their capability to call single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with allelic frequency as low as 0.025% in deep sequencing data. We analyzed a total of 54 simulated data with various sequencing depths and variant allele frequencies (VAFs), two reference data, and Horizon Tru-Q sample data. The results showed that the UMI-based callers, except smCounter2, outperformed the raw-reads-based callers regarding detection limit. Sequencing depth had almost no effect on the UMI-based callers but significantly influenced on the raw-reads-based callers. Regardless of the sequencing depth, MAGERI showed the fastest analysis, while smCounter2 consistently took the longest to finish the variant calling process. Overall, DeepSNVMiner and UMI-VarCal performed the best with considerably good sensitivity and precision of 88%, 100%, and 84%, 100%, respectively. In conclusion, the UMI-based callers, except smCounter2, outperformed the raw-reads-based callers in terms of sensitivity and precision. We recommend using DeepSNVMiner and UMI-VarCal for low-frequency variant detection. The results provide important information regarding future directions for reliable low-frequency variant detection and algorithm development, which is critical in genetics-based medical research and clinical applications.
The analysis of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with hereditary angioedema type I and type II
Authors: Szilágyi Dávid , Horváth Hanga Réka , Andrási Noémi , Kempler Miklós Soma , Balla Zsuzsanna , Farkas Henriette
Published: November 2023

Due to the similarity between the pathomechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infections and hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE), a possibility emerged that C1-INH-HAE may worsen the course of the infection, or that the infection may influence the severity of angioedema (HAE) attacks in C1-INH-HAE patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life (QoL) of Hungarian C1-INH-HAE patients, and to survey the acute course of the infection, post COVID symptoms (PCS), vaccination coverage and the side effects of vaccines in this patient population. 93 patients completed our questionnaire between 1st July 2021 and 31st October 2021. In this same period and between March 2019 and March 2020, 63 patients completed the angioedema quality of life questionnaire (AE-QoL). Out of those patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the examined period (18/93 patients; 19%), 5% required hospitalization, 28% experienced HAE attacks in the acute phase of the infection, and 44% experienced PCS. A total number of 142 doses of vaccines were administered to the patients. Serious vaccine reactions did not occur in any case, 4 (5%) out of the 73 vaccinated patients experienced HAE attacks. No significant difference (p = 0.59) was found in the median of the AE-QoL total score, or in the number of HAE attacks prior and during the pandemic. Based on our study, HAE patients did not experience more serious SARS-CoV-2 infection, and it did not aggravate the course of HAE either. Changes in the QoL were not significant, and vaccines were safe in HAE patients.
Genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from Uganda using MinION nanopore sequencing
Authors: Kia Praiscillia , Katagirya Eric , Kakembo Fredrick Elishama , Adera Doreen Ato , Nsubuga Moses Luutu , Yiga Fahim , Aloyo Sharley Melissa , Aujat Brendah Ronah , Anguyo Denis Foe , Katabazi Fred Ashaba , Kigozi Edgar , Joloba Moses L. , Kateete David Patrick
Published: November 2023

SARS-CoV-2 undergoes frequent mutations, affecting COVID-19 diagnostics, transmission and vaccine efficacy. Here, we describe the genetic diversity of 49 SARS-CoV-2 samples from Uganda, collected during the COVID-19 waves of 2020/2021. Overall, the samples were similar to previously reported SARS-CoV-2 from Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The main lineages were AY.46 and A.23, which are considered to be Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants. Further, a total of 268 unique single nucleotide variants and 1456 mutations were found, with more than seventy percent mutations in the ORF1ab and S genes. The most common mutations were 2042C>G (83.4%), 14143C>T (79.5%), 245T>C (65%), and 1129G>T (51%), which occurred in the S, ORF1ab, ORF7a and N genes, respectively. As well, 28 structural variants—21 insertions and 7 deletions, occurred in 16 samples. Our findings point to the possibility that most SARS-CoV-2 infections in Uganda at the time arose from local spread and were not newly imported. Moreover, the relatedness of variants from Uganda and the DRC reflects high human mobility and interaction between the two countries, which is peculiar to this region of the world.
Anatomical characterization of pulmonary artery and implications to pulmonary artery pressure monitor implantation
Authors: Zafar Hamza , Neelam-Naganathan Dharshan , Middleton Jennifer T. , Binmahfooz Sarah K. , Battersby Christian , Rogers Dominic , Swift Andrew J. , Rothman Alexander M. K.
Published: November 2023

In patients with heart failure, guideline directed medical therapy improves outcomes and requires close patient monitoring. Pulmonary artery pressure monitors permit remote assessment of cardiopulmonary haemodynamics and facilitate early intervention that has been shown to decrease heart failure hospitalization. Pressure sensors implanted in the pulmonary vasculature are stabilized through passive or active interaction with the anatomy and communicate with an external reader to relay invasively measured pressure by radiofrequency. A body mass index  > 35 kg/m2 and chest circumference > 165 cm prevent use due to poor communication. Pulmonary vasculature anatomy is variable between patients and the pulmonary artery size, angulation of vessels and depth of sensor location from the chest wall in heart failure patients who may be candidates for pressure sensors remains largely unexamined. The present study analyses the size, angulation, and depth of the pulmonary artery at the position of implantation of two pulmonary artery pressure sensors: the CardioMEMS sensor typically implanted in the left pulmonary artery and the Cordella sensor implanted in the right pulmonary artery. Thirty-four computed tomography pulmonary angiograms from patients with heart failure were analysed using the MIMICS software. Distance from the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery to the implant site was shorter for the right pulmonary artery (4.55 ± 0.64 cm vs. 7.4 ± 1.3 cm) and vessel diameter at the implant site was larger (17.15 ± 2.87 mm vs. 11.83 ± 2.30 mm). Link distance (length of the communication path between sensor and reader) was shorter for the left pulmonary artery (9.40 ± 1.43 mm vs. 12.54 ± 1.37 mm). Therefore, the detailed analysis of pulmonary arterial anatomy using computed tomography pulmonary angiograms may alter the choice of implant location to reduce the risk of sensor migration and improve readability by minimizing sensor-to-reader link distance.
Beam management optimization for V2V communications based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Ye Junliang , Ge Xiaohu
Published: November 2023

Intelligent connected vehicles have garnered significant attention from both academia and industry in recent years as they form the backbone of intelligent transportation and smart cities. Vehicular networks now exchange a range of mixed information types, including safety, sensing, and multimedia, due to advancements in communication and vehicle technology. Accordingly, performance requirements have also evolved, prioritizing higher spectral efficiencies while maintaining low latency and high communication reliability. To address the trade-off between communication spectral efficiency, delay, and reliability, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) recommends the 5G NR FR2 frequency band (24 GHz to 71 GHz) for vehicle-to-everything communications (V2X) in the Release 17 standard. However, wireless transmissions at such high frequencies pose challenges such as high path loss, signal processing complexity, long pre-access phase, unstable network structure, and fluctuating channel conditions. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-assisted intelligent beam management method for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. By utilizing DRL, the optimal control of beam management (i.e., beam alignment and tracking) is achieved, enabling a trade-off among spectral efficiency, delay, and reliability in complex and fluctuating communication scenarios at the 5G NR FR2 band. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our method over the 5G standard-based beam management method in communication delay, and the extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based beam management method in reliability and spectral efficiency.
Computational and statistical analyses of blood hemodynamic inside cerebral aneurysms for treatment evaluation of endovascular coiling
Authors: Yang Rong , Yang Lian , Ghane Golnar
Published: November 2023

Diagnosis of aneurysm and possibility of aneurysm rupture are crucial for avoiding brain hemorrhage. In this work, blood stream inside internal carotid arteries (ICAs) are simulated in diverse working conditions to disclose the importance of hemodynamic factors on the rupture of aneurysm. The main attention of this study is to investigate the role of hemodynamic on the aneurysm rupture. Statistical and computational methods are applied to investigate coiling porosity and blood hematocrit in 9 specific real ICA geometries. Response surface model (RSM) develops 25 runs to investigate all features of selected geometrical parameters and treatment factors. Computational fluid dynamic is used for the simulation of the blood stream in the selected aneurysms. The effects of sac section area and mean radius of parent vessel on blood hemodynamics are fully investigated. Hemodynamic factors are examined and compared at the peak systolic time instant, including pressure distributions, and velocity. Achieved results indicate that the increasing sac section area (from 36.6 to 75.4 mm2) results in 20% pressure reduction on the sac wall.
Effects of nanosilica on the properties of brine-base drilling fluid
Authors: Xia Peng , Pan Yiheng
Published: November 2023

In the process of drilling oil and gas wells, the shrinkage and falling of wellbore walls are often caused by the expansion of mud shale water. To date, conventional additives have been unable to plug the pore throats of shale rock with nanoscale pores and thus cannot effectively solve the problem of wellbore instability encountered in shale formation drilling. In view of this situation, the idea of using nanosilica to plug the nanopore throat of mud shale is proposed to reduce its permeability and to slow water intrusion. The influences of nanosilica on the properties of brine-base drilling fluid drilling fluid are evaluated by measuring the viscosity, filtration loss and swelling of the drilling fluid. The results of laboratory experiments show that the improvement in drilling fluid properties can only be achieved on the basis of salt resistance; that is, a salt-resistant soil slurry should be used. A concentration of 1–5% nanosilica can improve the viscosity of the drilling fluid by increasing the internal friction between particles. However, nanosilica materials are sensitive to salt concentration. Nanosilica particles can be deposited on the surface of a filter cake to block the pores of the filter paper, and the filtration loss reduction rate can reach 40.2%. Blocking the pores of the clay plays a role in preventing the clay from absorbing water and expanding. The optimal addition amount of silica is 3%, and its salt resistance can reach 16%. Considering the experimental results of filtration loss, swelling amount and cost performance, 3%NP + 4%NaCl + SWM-B is selected as the optimal formula. The results of this study can be applied to effectively improve the phenomenon of wellbore instability during drilling in shale formations, and it has important application value.
A highly selective ratio-metric fluorescent sensor for visualizing nitroreductase in hypoxic cells
Authors: Xu Yumei , Hu Bing , Cui Yanjun , Li Li , Nian Fang , Zhang Zhixia , Wang Wenting
Published: November 2023

An accurate and selective ratio-metric fluorescent sensor for visualizing nitroreductase in hypoxic cells.
Isolable rubidium and caesium derivatives of common organic carbonyl compounds
Authors: Wacker Jakoba , Lynch Jennifer R. , Banerjee Sumanta , Macdonald Peter A. , Kennedy Alan R. , Sarkar Biprajit , Mulvey Robert E.
Published: November 2023

Cs and Rb hexamethyldisilazide react with acetophenone and benzaldehyde to give products of simple formulae but with remarkably diverse complex structures, such as the hexagonal prismatic Cs–O network of acetophenone enolate [CsOC(Ph)CH2]∞.
A novel route for microplastic mineralization: visible-light-driven heterogeneous photocatalysis and photothermal Fenton-like reaction
Authors: Xue Zihan , Yu Xiang , Ke Xuebin , Zhao Jian
Published: November 2023

A synergic mode of heterogeneous photocatalysis and photothermal Fenton-like reaction for highly efficient microplastic degradation, utilizing α-Fe2O3 nanoflower on TiO2 with a hierarchical structure of inverse opal-like layer/nanotube arrays.
Salt-assisted synthesis of advanced carbon-based materials for energy-related applications
Authors: Zhu Maiyong , Yang Yu , Ma Yunping
Published: November 2023

This review provides a comprehensive overview of salt assisted synthesis of carbon based materials based on the role of salts in synthesis systems. Meanwhile, the application in energy related fields is emphasized.
On-line vacuum degree monitoring of vacuum circuit breakers based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with random forest algorithm
Authors: Zhang Feilong , Yuan Huan , Yang Aijun , Wang Xiaohua , Chu Jifeng , Liu Dingxin , Rong Mingzhe
Published: November 2023

The present study introduces a novel method for online vacuum monitoring of vacuum circuit breakers based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, which overcomes the limitations of conventional offline monitoring methods in engineering applications.
High-yield and chirality-selective isolation of single-walled carbon nanotubes using conjugated polymers and small molecular chaperones
Authors: Just D. , Dzienia A. , Milowska K. Z. , Mielańczyk A. , Janas D.
Published: November 2023

We show a highly effective isolation of monochiral single-walled carbon nanotubes using conjugated polymers and small molecular chaperones that facilitate polymer folding.
High-performance and self-powered visible light photodetector using multiple coupled synergetic effects
Authors: Silva José P. B. , Vieira Eliana M. F. , Gwozdz Katarzyna , Silva Nuno E. , Kaim Adrian , Istrate Marian C. , Ghica Corneliu , Correia José H. , Pereira Mario , Marques Luís , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L. , Hoye Robert L. Z. , Gomes Maria J. M.
Published: November 2023

Coupling together the pyroelectric effect, the photovoltaic effect and the plasmonic effect is a novel method to significantly enhance the performance of self-powered photodetectors in the visible region.
Diglycolamic acid for the mutual separation of lanthanides and actinides from dilute nitric acid solution: solvent extraction, dynamic light scattering, and spectroscopic investigations
Authors: Dhawa Anjan , Ravi Jammu , Puspalata R. , Jawahar N. R. , Venkatesan K. A.
Published: November 2023

N,N-Dialkyl diglycolamic acid (HDRDGA) ligand was explored for mutual separation of Eu(iii) and Am(iii) from dilute nitric acid solution and the coordination chemistry of the metal with ligand was reported.
Construction of type II ZnBi2O4/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient degradation of acid red B
Authors: Luo Xuanlan , Yuan Jinhai , Liu Junhong , Hu Haikun , Yang Ziyi , Hou Xiaopeng , Sun Qi , Xu Di
Published: November 2023

Ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal and calcination methods were used to prepare type II heterojunction ZnBi2O4/g-C3N4 (ZBN) photocatalysts.
Three-dimensional N-doped carbon electrodes activate peroxymonosulfate for tetracycline degradation
Authors: Zhao Jieyu , Zhang Yonggang
Published: November 2023

A novel nitrogen-doped carbon three-dimensional electrode was synthesised, showing efficient and rapid removal of tetracycline in advanced oxidation systems.
The biosynthetic logic and enzymatic machinery of approved fungi-derived pharmaceuticals and agricultural biopesticides
Authors: Sang Moli , Feng Peiyuan , Chi Lu-Ping , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2023

The intricate street music box with a series of pins or teeth on a rotating cylinder or disc to play beautiful musical tunes. As exemplified by fungi-derived natural products with structural complexities and diverse bioactivities produced through different biosynthetic pathways.
The rapid construction and biological evaluation of densely substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles via a BF3·OEt2-assisted cascade approach
Authors: Mali Ghanshyam , Kumar Yadav Vinay , Priya Himani , Shukla Manjari , Pandey Peeyush , Kumar Akhilesh , Paranjothy Manikandan , Bhattacharyya Sudipta , Erande Rohan D.
Published: November 2023

BF3·OEt2-promoted cascade reactions revealed varied derivatives of pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles, supported by DFT, whose biological investigation highlights anti-mycobacterial therapeutic leads.
Synthesis of substituted norcaranes for use as probes of enzyme mechanisms
Authors: Churchman Luke R. , Giang Peter D. , Buczynski Julia B. , Stok Jeanette E. , Bell Stephen G. , De Voss James J.
Published: November 2023

Ten substituted norcaranes were synthesised for use as mechanistic probes of monooxygenase enzymes.
FeCl3-catalyzed regioselective ring-opening of aryl oxirane with 4-hydroxycoumarin for the synthesis of furo[3,2-c]coumarins
Authors: Faraz Simra , Ali Ahmad , Taleb Khan Abu
Published: November 2023

The regioselective ring-opening of aryl oxiranes was investigated with various 4-hydroxycoumarins in dimethyl sulfoxide in the presence of 20 mol% FeCl3 as a catalyst at 110 °C.
Interfacial engineering of cobalt phosphide heterostructures confined in N,P-doped carbon for efficient bifunctional electrocatalysis in Zn–air batteries
Authors: Li Zongxu , Zeng Yonghang , Xiong Dongbin , Zhou Lina , Zhou Jianqing , Yang Yahui , Zhan Faqi , Wang Kai , Du Yue , Liu Yisi
Published: November 2023

The current focus of research lies in the advancement of electrocatalysts based on phosphides, which exhibit exceptional features and robust stability in alkaline environments.
Direct electrochemical difluorination and azo-fluorination of gem-difluorostyrenes
Authors: Wen Linzi , Li Boao , Zou Ziyan , Zhou Naifu , Sun Chengbo , Feng Pengju , Li Hongsheng
Published: November 2023

A direct electrolysis protocol for difluorination and azo-fluorination of gem-difluorostyrenes was achieved involving Et3N·3HF as fluorine source. The electrochemical reduction of the benzyl C–F bond was also achieved.
Mn-electrocatalytic oxidative C(sp3)–H azidation of 2-oxindoles and β-keto esters and azidation–cyclization of tryptamines
Authors: Fan Shiwen , Ma Runxia , Yang Aohua , Jia Hongbo , Dong Yufei , Guo Cheng , Ren Jingyun
Published: November 2023

A concise electrocatalytic Mn-oxidative C(sp3)–H azidation approach is described. This protocol offers mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and the potential for achieving enantioselective azidation.
Divergent reactivity of acrylamides and β-chloroenones under base-controlled palladium catalysis: construction of spirooxindoles and furan-containing 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles
Authors: Zhang Jingli , Xu Weipeng , Wang Du , Yuan Ye , Bai Yongqi , Wang Minyan , Gao Guanbin , Sun Taolei
Published: November 2023

Divergent synthesis of spirooxindoles and furan-containing oxindoles via base-controlled palladium catalysis was achieved. The key intermediates, allene insertion, and Pd–carbene migratory insertion are supported by DFT calculations.
Shear wave generation from non-spherical bubble collapse in a tissue phantom
Authors: Izak Ghasemian Saber , Reuter Fabian , Fan Yuzhe , Rose Georg , Ohl Claus-Dieter
Published: November 2023

Non-spherical collapse of cavitation bubbles generates shear waves in soft matter whose energy and propagation direction are related to the distance from a solid boundary.
Test–Retest Reliability of Behavioral Assays of Feedforward and Feedback Auditory–Motor Control of Voice and Articulation
Authors: Kapsner-Smith Mara R. , Abur Defne , Eadie Tanya L. , Stepp Cara E.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Behavioral assays of feedforward and feedback auditory–motor control of voice and articulation frequently are used to make inferences about underlying neural mechanisms and to study speech development and disorders. However, no studies have examined the test–retest reliability of such measures, which is critical for rigorous study of auditory–motor control. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to assess the reliability of assays of feedforward and feedback control in voice versus articulation domains.

Method:

Twenty-eight participants (14 cisgender women, 12 cisgender men, one transgender man, one transmasculine/nonbinary) who denied any history of speech, hearing, or neurological impairment were measured for responses to predictable versus unexpected auditory feedback perturbations of vocal (fundamental frequency,
f
o
) and articulatory (first formant,
F
1
) acoustic parameters twice, with 3–6 weeks between sessions. Reliability was measured with intraclass correlations.

Results:

Opposite patterns of reliability were observed for
f
o
and
F
1
;
f
o
reflexive responses showed good reliability and
f
o
adaptive responses showed poor reliability, whereas
F
1
reflexive responses showed poor reliability and
F
1
adaptive responses showed moderate reliability. However, a criterion-referenced categorical measurement of
f
o
adaptive responses as typical versus atypical showed substantial test–retest agreement.

Conclusions:

Individual responses to some behavioral assays of auditory–motor control of speech should be interpreted with caution, which has implications for several fields of research. Additional research is needed to establish reliable criterion-referenced measures of
F
1
adaptive responses as well as
f
o
and
F
1
reflexive responses. Furthermore, the opposite patterns of test–retest reliability observed for voice versus articulation add to growing evidence for differences in underlying neural control mechanisms.