bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Power and Peril of Program Reviews: The Resource Paradox of Assessing for Improvement
Authors: Rogers-Cooper Justin , Nair Rejitha , O'Keeffe Arthur
Published: October 2023

In this essay, we explore program reviews as important sites for the tension Peter Ewell defines at the core of outcomes assessment practices: that is, between assessing for accountability and assessing for improvement. We address this tension through the example of our Industrial Design program on our urban campus in New York City. In exploring Ewell’s tension between accountability and improvement, we develop the concept of the resource paradox. Simply stated, program reviews require institutions to invest time and resources to close the loop on implementing improvements – yet those actions often require resources many institutions lack. Using our case study and reviewing the scholarship on program reviews, we address the resource paradox by describing how we’ve tried to address it, and how other institutions might also do so.
Olahan Singkong Di Desa Raba Wawo Menjadi Kripik SIDEWA (Kripik Singkong Desa Wawo)
Authors: Sari Intisari , Aris munandar
Published: October 2023

Agricultural produce in the form of cassava which is abundant in Raba village has not been able to increase the income of farmers, so far cassava yields have only been used as additional food ingredients, and some traditional preparations for sale. This condition is due to the lack of understanding and skills of residents in processing cassava which has a higher selling value. This condition became aware that community service activities (PKM) were carried out with the aim of empowering the Raba village community in processing cassava as the basic ingredient for making cassava chips. This activity The method in this activity begins with initial preparation, implementation and final evaluation. The results of empowerment activities include 1) increasing partners' understanding of cassava processing, 2) forming partner skills, 3) products in the form of ready-to-sell packaged cassava chips, and 4) forming new business units in household-based cassava management and processing. Activities still need continuous assistance so that partners can truly be independent in the management and processing of cassava into flour products that are hygienic and have a halal certificate.
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHY LOW-SUGAR FOODS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS WITH THE PERCEPTRON METHOD
Authors: Wirayudha Wendy , Hastono Tri , Mujahidin Mujahidin
Published: October 2023

With tecnology, the figuring system has become simpler. Tecnology are utilized to demonstrate the organic nerves of the human mind, Tecnology are prepared and shown the proper behavior like human nerve cells that can perceive basic examples. Counterfeit brain networks can perceive input examples and will give yield that matches the objective to be accomplished. In this review, the Perceptron technique was utilized to distinguish input designs as sound, low-cholesterol food varieties. This technique works by changing the contribution to the objective and changing the loads until no more mistakes are tracked down in every age. This side effect of serving a low-sugar diet shows that meat, fresh fish, and vegetables are food sources that contain high levels of sugar.
Keyword: neural networks, perceptron, sugar.
WEB-BASED POPULATION DATA COLLECTION INFORMATION SYSTEM IN TEMA TANA VILLAGE
Authors: Marlince Saingo  , Adelbertus Umbu Janga  , Alexander Adis
Published: October 2023

The Village Information System is an inseparable part of the implementation of Village laws. Village Law Article 86 concerning Village Development Information Systems and Rural Area Development clearly states that villages have the right to access information through information systems developed by regional or city governments. A system is a group of elements that are closely related to each other, which function together to achieve certain goals. Hardware and software. Hardware includes one notebook unit with eighth generation Intel Core i3 specifications, 4 Gb RAM, 256 Gb SSD. The software used includes the Windows 10 Pro 64bit operating system, Notepad++, XAMPP, Chrome, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Visio. The results obtained from this research are an administrative information system that can solve the problems faced by Tema Tana Village. From the results of the discussion it can be concluded that the administrative information system can answer the problems faced, including easier and faster data searching, data archiving does not take up much space. large because it has been replaced by digital storage, and data reporting can be presented quickly, completely, attractively and according to office need
WEB-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR EXAMPLE TEACHER SELECTION IN DIMU KALIPE SDK USING THE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHITE (SAW) METHOD
Authors: Marten Dara Rode  , Adelbertus Umbu Janga  , Paulus Mikku Ate
Published: October 2023

A school requires quality human resources and quality education in order to increase its profile and performance in achieving school educational targets and goals. One element that has a big influence is school quality. Therefore, a method or supervisory body is needed to assess the quality of education in schools while reducing subjective assessments of the quality of school education. Assessing the quality of school education certainly has many assessment criteria with different priorities, so an SPK application and method is needed that can take these criteria into account. One method of approach to solving multi-criteria problems is Simple Additive Weighite (Saw), which is a way of making decisions by looking for the best choice among existing alternatives by calculating the proximity of the alternative to the ideal solution value. The research was carried out by calculating the criteria points for quality elements and instruments so that it is easier to assess school quality. The final result obtained is a sequence of alternative closeness values ​​with the ideal solution value. From the test it can be concluded that it is easier to make more objective decisions.
VILLAGE POTENTIAL PRIORITIZATION DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM SAW METHOD
Authors: Susanti Kaka  , Gergorius Kopong Pati  , Karolus Wulla Rato
Published: October 2023

Village development is an effort to improve the quality of life and life for the greatest welfare of village communities. Meanwhile, the aim of village development is stated in article 78 paragraph 1, namely improving the welfare of village communities and the quality of human life as well as overcoming poverty through fulfilling basic needs, developing village facilities and infrastructure, developing local economic potential, and using natural resources and the environment in a sustainable manner. As is the case with village development, Watu Wona Village is one with a majority of farmers, which is an example of a road access development plan that really needs assistance from the government in its construction to support the production and sale of agricultural products. Infrastructure is still lacking, damaged infrastructure roads make access to the village difficult. As a result, the flow of goods and services to villages to transport agricultural products is also lacking and hampered. Based on the existing problems, village development planning is needed using a decision support system (SPK) so that village selection in Watu Wona village is faster and more accurate. By using the SAW method comparison
Role of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Padang in the Colonial Economic Structure, 1907-1940.
Authors: Benny Hamdani
Published: October 2023

This article analyzes the role of the Kamer van Koophandel en Nijverheid te Padang (Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Padang) in the colonial economic structure, a aspect that has been overlooked in Indonesian economic historiography. The research aims to construct a narrative about the Kamer van Koophandel en Nijverheid te Padang and its role within the colonial economic framework. Through historical methods, the study finds that the establishment of the Kamer van Koophandel en Nijverheid te Padang is closely tied to the European countries' threats to colonial territories. Java served as the central power base for the Dutch, while areas outside Java were marginalized. In order to prevent these marginalized regions from falling into the hands of other European nations, the Dutch sought to integrate the non-Javanese regions with Java, achieved in part through the opening of trade routes in Padang and Makassar in 1852. Padang emerged as the most prominent area outside Java (Buitenbezittingen). Several years after the opening of these routes, the Kamer van Koophandel en Nijverheid te Padang was established through a decree by the Dutch East Indies government. This institution provided a platform for Indo-European entrepreneurs, particularly those of Dutch origin in Padang, to anticipate the growth of trade and shipping on the western coast. The presence of the Kamer van Koophandel en Nijverheid te Padang played a significant role in the colonial economy of Padang. It engaged in various sectors, including import-export, shipping, expeditions, banking credit, mining, agriculture, industry, and more. In the pursuit of business endeavors, economic lobbying was often employed.

 

Keywords: Chamber of Commerce and Industry, KADIN, export, import, lobbying, economic history
SCS (SEMARANG-CHERIBON STOOMTRAM MAATSHAPPIJ) NETWORK ALONG THE NORTH COAST OF JAVA SEMARANG-CIREBON 1895-1942
Authors: Ninda Lutfianti  , Abdul Wahid
Published: October 2023

This article analyzes the role of the Kamer van Koophandel en Nijverheid te Padang (Chamber of The limited transportation infrastructure along the North Coast of Java, stretching from Semarang to Cirebon, led to the emergence of transportation modernization in the form of a railway system. The introduction of railways was followes by various entities opening concessions for railroads in several areas of the Ducth East Indies. This will focus on NV.SCS as a private steam tram company that established its concession in the North Coast of Java region from Semarang to Cirebon, with a spesific emphasis on the network distributin created by this company. The research methodology employed in this study is a historical research method related to systematic procedures, processes, and techniques in descriptive analysis to obtain the subject under investigation. As a result, the network established by NV.SCS in divided into several areas, including the    Central North Coast of Java, the North Coast of Cirebon, and connectivity to the post. The rail lines constructed by NV.SCS were not limited to the main Semarang-Cirebon route but also extended into its branches into the surrounding inliand areas.
CHARACTER-BASED MEDIA DEVELOPMENT OF LKS IN STUDENTS OF CLASS XI IPA SMA N 7 YOGYAKARTA ACADEMIC YEAR 2021/2022
Authors: Sekar Mauladsih
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine: (1) the process of developing character-based LKS learning tools in history lessons in high school class XI with the ADDIE development model (2) Knowing the feasibility of the developed LKS, in terms of aspects of validity, practicality and effectiveness. This research is a research and development (Reserch and Development). The researcher developed a character-based LKS media device. The researcher uses the ADDIE development model using steps (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation).

The results of this study indicate that: (1) This development research produces learning tools in the form of character-based worksheets. (2) The feasibility of the learning tools developed based on the results of the research is the learning tools developed are declared valid. The results of the material expert's assessment got a score of 4.1, the media expert's assessment got a score of 5. In terms of practicality, the learning tools developed were declared practical. Obtained through student and teacher response questionnaires, namely 4.16 for student responses and teacher responses of 4.31. The results of the observation of the implementation of learning show good criteria with a percentage of 80%; And in terms of effectiveness, the learning tools developed were declared effective based on student achievement tests with student learning completeness of 96.55%.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DRAMA METHOD ON LEARNING MOTIVATION IN HISTORY SUBJECT CLASS XI STUDENTS SMA 1 GAMPING FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2021/2022
Authors: Ernawati
Published: October 2023

This study aims to: (1) Test the effectiveness of using the drama method on students' history learning motivation (2) Testing the effectiveness of using conventional methods on students' history learning motivation (3) Testing which learning method is more effective with the use of drama methods than conventional methods on learning motivation. student history. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental research design (Randomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design). The research population was all students of class XI IPS SMA 1 Gamping. Sampling using sampling technique. The research instrument includes an observation sheet on the implementation of learning and a questionnaire sheet for pretest-posttest results of students' learning motivation. Hypothesis testing of posttest data with IBM SPSS 28 software. The effectiveness hypothesis test used one sample t-test analysis and two independent mean difference t-tests to determine which learning was more effective. The results of the study: (1) Learning with drama method is effective on students' learning motivation as evidenced by the value at (P-value = 0.450 > 1/2α = 0.025). (2) Learning with conventional methods is effectively applied in the learning process to the motivation to learn history of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Gamping seen at (P-value = 0.495 > 1/2α = 0.025). (3) Learning with the drama method is more effectively applied than conventional methods in the learning process on the motivation to learn history of class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Gamping seen with the value (P-value = 0.009 < = 0.05).
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING QUIZIZZ LEARNING MEDIA TO IMPROVE HISTORY LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2022/2023
Authors: Ismi Lestari Nurul
Published: October 2023

The low achievement of studying history at SMA Negeri 3 Bantul is still a problem that exists today. There are still students who score below the minimum Minimum Completeness Criteria, making teachers have to think about innovations that will be implemented in learning in order to improve student history learning achievement. This study aims to see the effectiveness of using Quizizz learning media  to improve student history learning achievement at SMA Negeri 3 Bantul for the 2022/2023 school year.
This research uses quantitative methods with the type  of True Experimental design and post-test-only control group design research  design  with a population of grade XI IPS 1 and MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 3 Bantul for the 2022/2023 academic year. The sample used in this study was the entire population that had been determined. The research instrument this time uses tests which are divided into Pre-test and Post-test and  observation sheets for learning implementation. Data testing using the help of IBM SPSS 21 Softwere. Test the hypothesis using the Wilcoxon Test.
            The results showed that (1) Quizizz learning media was not effective in increasing students' historical learning achievement with Asymp scores. Sig. 2 tailed 0.009 which is 0.009 < 0.05. (2) Quizizz learning media  is not effective in increasing students' history learning achievement with Asymp scores. Sig. 2 tailed 0.000 where 0.000 < 0.05. (3) Quizizz  learning media is no more effective than conventional learning media to improve students' history learning achievement with Asymp scores. Sig. 2 tailed 0.002 where 0.002 < 0.05 The use of learning media should be used as ice breaking during learning. Research should be carried out with maximum effort in order to get maximum data results. Class selection as a sample in research should be done by referring to big data on student scores so that class selection can be decided appropriately and equally.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Quizizz  Learning Media, Learning Achievement
Analysis of Productive Zakat in Maqosid Ash- Shari'ah Ibnu 'Ashur’s Perspective
Authors: Wasik Abdul
Published: October 2023

Productive zakat is giving zakat to mustahik that are unsquandered for free but developed as capital to aid their efforts in generating works. Nonetheless, it still presents various problems regarding the type of administration to benefit mustahik zakat, like the concept of Maqosid Asy-Shari'ah Ibnu 'Asyur. The goal of this research is to describe, from the perspective of Maqosid Asy-Shari'ah Ibnu 'Asyur, the concept of productive zakat and how to enhance the community's economy by redirecting productive zakat from a consumptive society to a productive society.This study uses library research that employs the descriptive analysis method, which entails gathering data, compiling or clarifying, and compiling and interpreting it in order to clearly describe the object under study naturally, both from the structure of the sentence, the structure of discourse, and the structure of the semantic. According to the findings of this study, Productive Zakat incorporates Maqid al-shari'ah through three elements: first, by using Al-Maqm. The second is Al-Tamyz Baiyna Al-Waslah Wa Al-Maqud, and the third is Istiqra (induction).
Relationship of indoor particulate matter and lung function in children from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Engwa GA , Anye C , Nkeh-Chungag BN
Published: October 2023

Background. There is a dearth of information on the relationship between indoor air pollution and lung function, especially amongsub-Saharan African children.Objective. To assess the relationship between indoor particulate matter (PM) and lung function in children living in the Eastern CapeProvince of South Africa (SA).Methods. This cross-sectional study included 540 children aged 10 - 14 years and was conducted between May and September 2016. PMfrom 23 classrooms was measured with a handheld particle counter and lung function was assessed with a handheld spirometer.Results. Mean (standard deviation) PM5 levels were higher (109.96 (75.39) μg/m3) than PM10 (84.84 (63.28) μg/m3) and PM2.5 (39.45(26.38) μg/m3). PM2.5, PM5 and PM10 correlated negatively (p<0.05) with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity(FVC), FEV25-75, as well as peak expiratory flow (PEF) but correlated positively (p<0.001) with the FEV1/FVC ratio.Conclusion. PM in classrooms showed a negative relationship with lung function in the study population.
Hypothermia in preterm very-low-birthweight infants in a neonatal care unit of a tertiary hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Ntuli T S , Mashego M P A , Hamese M H K
Published: October 2023

Background. Despite numerous interventions to prevent neonatal heat loss, preventing hypothermia after delivery continues to be aconcern in developing countries.Objective. To determine the prevalence of hypothermia and its risk factors among preterm very-low-birthweight infants admitted to the neonatal care unit (NCU) of a tertiary hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa.Method. A retrospective study (January - July 2015) was undertaken to analyse data from the medical records of infants admitted tothe NCU of Mankweng Hospital. Hypothermia at admission was the major outcome and was defined as an axillary body temperature<36.5°C. Maternal data collected were age, parity, use of antenatal corticosteroids, and mode of delivery, while neonatal data included sex, birthweight, gestational age, Apgar score, resuscitation at delivery, admission and discharge dates, length of stay, morbidity, interventions and infant outcomes.Results. A total of 252 neonate-and-mother pairs were included in the study, with hypothermia on admission being present in 35%of infants. Factors associated with hypothermia on admission include being born in the winter season, resuscitation at delivery, use ofsynchronised inspiratory positive airway pressure (SiPAP), respiratory distress syndrome and mortality.Conclusion. Hypothermia on admission in our study is relatively high and is associated with resuscitation in the delivery room, respiratory distress syndrome, use of SiPAP, winter season and neonatal mortality. Therefore maintaining infant temperature in the desired range of 36.5°C to 37.5°C after delivery, during transport and on NCU admission might improve neonatal outcomes.
An analytical investigation into noise levels in public health sector neonatal intensive care units in the eThekwini District
Authors: Ismail S , Panday S
Published: October 2023

Background. Noise is a known environmental stressor in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), as it may result in adverse effects on preterm neonates because of the unique vulnerability and physiological immaturity of their central nervous systems.
Objective. To investigate noise levels in public sector NICUs in the eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.
Methods. An analytical observational study design with purposive sampling of public sector hospitals was used. Noise was continuously measured with a sound level meter in a central location for 48 hours on 2 consecutive days (Sunday and Monday) in the four NICUs. A sample of noise sources, as well as their frequency of occurrence, was identified through direct observation and a frequency spectrum analysis using one-third octave bands. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results. This study included one tertiary hospital and three regional hospitals in the eThekwini District. Mean noise levels exceeded international recommendations of an A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level (LAeq) of 45 A-weighted decibel (dBA) and an A-weighted maximum sound level (LAmax) of 65 dBA in all four hospitals. The most frequently occurring sources of noise were staff conversations (30.9%, Hospital A), device alarms (21.0%, Hospital B) and closing metal pedal bins (20.0%, Hospital B). Mean LAeqs >45 BA were found in the mid and high frequencies (250 Hz - 6 300 Hz) in all hospitals, particularly during the afternoon.
Conclusion. The findings emphasise the need for continuous noise monitoring, awareness and education among healthcare professionals in the NICU. Future research should expand on existing findings and focus on interventions for noise control in NICUs.
Losses of children’s cognitive potential over time: A South African example
Authors: Rotheram-Borus MJ , Christodoulou J , Rotheram-Fuller E , Tomlinson M
Published: October 2023

About 250 million children under the age of 5 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) lose lifelong cognitive potential. However, the primary focus of interventions has been to increase survival and promote growth. All pregnant women in 24 non-contiguous, low-income areas in Cape Town, South Africa (N=1 238) were recruited between 2009 and 2010 and reassessed six times over 8 years post birth. Mothers in half of the 24 areas were randomised to receive home visits by community health workers, concentrated during the pregnancy and the first 6 months of life. At 18 months, the children’s cognitive development was at the global norm, i.e a mean standard deviation (SD) value of 100 (15). By 5 years of age, the mean cognitive development fell to one SD below the global norm (<85; mean = 83) and 60% of children had scores below the global mean. By 8 years of age, cognitive development scores significantly fell again (mean = 73; 88% of children <85). The magnitude of the loss was substantial and warrants sustained interventions throughout childhood that support children’s cognitive development in LMICs. The first 1 00 days of life are important, but insufficient to inoculate children against the negative consequences of poverty and coping with multiple, chronic community challenges (e.g. HIV, alcohol abuse, interpersonal violence)
The prevalence and spectrum of thyroid dysfunction among children with Down syndrome attending the paediatric services at two tertiary hospitals in Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Maphumulo S F , Honey E M , Abdelatif N , Karsas M
Published: October 2023

Background. Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in the paediatric setting, and thyroid dysfunction is more commonly encountered in this population than among the general population. The literature shows that the most common type of thyroid dysfunction seen in these children is subclinical hypothyroidism.Objective. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence and spectrum of thyroid disease in this population with the aim of establishing easy-to-follow protocols.
Method. A retrospective study was conducted in children with DS who were seen at the paediatric genetic clinic at two academic hospitals. Data were collected from the hospital files and the results were extracted from the National Health Laboratory Service database system.
Results. A total of 158 children were recruited; 25 children were excluded as they had had no thyroid function tests done. From the total of 133 included children, 70 (52.6%) were male. Babies born in one of the two hospitals numbered 60 (45.1%), whereas 54.9% were born in the other hospital. A total of 77 (57.9%) were found to have thyroid dysfunction; 55.8% of these patients were male. The most common thyroid abnormality was subclinical hypothyroidism in n=66/133 (49.6%), accounting for 85.7% of the causes of the thyroid dysfunction. Most children (n=45/133 (33.8%)) had their first thyroid function test done before the age of 2 months, followed by the age group of 1 - 5 years (n=34/133 (25.56%)). The total number of children started on treatment for their thyroid dysfunction was n=5/77 (6.49%).
Conclusion. Thyroid dysfunction is seen more commonly in children with DS compared with the general population, which was very evident in the present study. A standardised protocol will have a significant impact on the early management of these children, to prevent further cognitive impairment, especially in developing countries and at any level of healthcare. The recommendations for thyroid dysfunction screening by the American Academy of Pediatrics can be adjusted and tailored for the South African population. Early diagnosis and referral of children with DS to a secondary- or tertiary-level facility is of utmost benefit for these children for screening and treatment of comorbidities and complications.
Audit of antenatal and delivery care at a midwife obstetric unit, South Africa
Authors: Hoque M , Buckus S , Hoque M , Jagernath K
Published: October 2023

Background:  Poor qualities of antenatal and intrapartum care are associated with poor maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Audit of care is an essential tool to identify gaps for standard protocols and guidelines that can assist with evidence based intervention to ensure consistent quality of care during antenatal and delivery.

Objectives: To measure the compliance on the specific antenatal and delivery care indicators based on national guidelines.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted of women who had childbirths between January and June 2021 in a midwife obstetric unit. Descriptive statistics were used to describe continuous and categorical variables. Both the mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for continuous and proportions for categorical variables.

Results; The mean age and gestational age of the sample were 26 years and 16 weeks respectively. Teenage pregnancy constituted 13.5%. Most of the antenatal and delivery care indicators had good compliance (> 95%). However, gaps were identified for: recording of Last Menstrual Period (78.5%), syphilis treatment at antenatal booking (72.7%), repeat syphilis test at 32 weeks (43.4%) and completion of basic antenatal care checklist (46.3%) during antenatal care. Lower rate for delivery care indicators were: recording of measurement of length and head circumference of the neonates (76.5%) and use of pain relief (5.4%) to mothers at delivery. The outcome indicators measured were good as Low Birth Weight, delivery complications and neonatal death rates were 11.6%, 10.7% and 1.4% respectively.  

Conclusions: Though the study found good compliance with antenatal and delivery care provided but the few basic indicators such as basic antenatal checklist, completion of syphilis treatment and use of pain relief were poor. These results are vital for a quality improvement programme including training of midwives on basic antenatal care including maternity care guidelines in PHC facilities. A multi-centre study is also recommended for further study.
Ocular manifestations of HIV infection at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Ismail I , Venter M , Ismail S , Ally N
Published: October 2023

Background. The pattern of HIV-associated eye disease has changed with ongoing advancements in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV-infected individuals now live longer, enabling us to observe the long-term effects of HIV and HAART on the eye. There are few recent studies on HIV-related ocular disease in sub-Saharan Africa.Objectives. To describe the ocular manifestations of HIV in patients attending the Nthabiseng HIV clinic at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 and 2022 using convenience sampling of patients at the HIV clinic. The participants’ clinical history was taken, their files were reviewed, and they underwent ocular examination. Correlation between eyes was managed by taking disease in one eye as the presence of disease in the participant. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise participant characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the odds ratio (OR) of developing HIV-associated ocular diseases, and a p-value of <0.05 was used to define statistical significance.
Results. There were 182 participants (139 females and 43 males), with a mean (standard deviation) age of 48.9 (10.6) years. The most common anterior segment diagnoses were conjunctival microangiopathy (34.6%), pinguecula (31.3%) and cataracts (30.2%), while the most common posterior segment finding was peripheral retinal scarring with features in keeping of previous cytomegalovirus retinitis (24.2%). Notably, only 1.1% of patients had HIV retinopathy. A CD4 count <200 cells/μL showed an increased OR for cataracts (OR 4.24; p=0.003) and any anterior segment diagnoses (OR 10.05; p=0.029), while a CD4 count ≥200 cells/μL showed an increased risk of conjunctival microangiopathy (OR 2.14; p=0.017).
Conclusion. With the advent of HAART, ocular manifestations of HIV are changing and the incidence of severe ocular opportunistic infections and HIV retinopathy has decreased precipitously. Although this study has shown that patients with a CD4 count <200 cells/μL are at increased risk of developing anterior ocular manifestations of HIV, including cataracts, these diseases are relatively innocuous or easily treatable. Routine ocular screening of HIV patients seems to be substantially less important now than it was in the pre-HAART era.
Les périphéries-ressources et leurs trajectoires
Authors: Dumarcher Amélie
Published: October 2023

Les périphéries, du Québec et d’ailleurs, semblent actuellement confrontées à de profonds changements, difficiles à saisir. Nous argumentons en faveur d’un renouveau théorique, passant par des recherches contextualisées et par un rapprochement entre géographie économique et économie politique, pour saisir les spécificités et dynamiques de ces espaces. Les difficultés que rencontrent les modèles usuels dans ces territoires ne doivent pas pour autant faire renoncer aux efforts de modélisation : les modèles « locaux » et contextualisés offrent une voie porteuse pour aborder les logiques spatiales et politico-économiques des périphéries-ressources. Nous présenterons l’un de ces modèles, issu de la théorie des staples, qui considère le développement économique canadien à travers l’articulation de multiples facteurs géographiques, techniques et institutionnels. Moyennant quelques efforts d’actualisation, ce modèle nous semble toujours pertinent pour éclairer les dynamiques politico-économiques des périphéries-ressources québécoises. Cette proposition sera illustrée avec l’industrie de l’aluminium.
L’attractivité et sa mesure dans les territoires périphériques
Authors: Édouard Jean-Charles , Mainet Hélène
Published: October 2023

Dans un contexte de mondialisation, la mobilité des personnes, des capitaux et des biens s’est accrue, renforçant la mise en relation, parfois même en concurrence, des territoires. Les acteurs des territoires doivent définir leur stratégie de développement dans ce contexte. L’attractivité devient un enjeu majeur des territoires périphériques, considérés ici comme éloignés des métropoles, ainsi que de la métropolisation et de ses dynamiques attractives (populations, activités). Or, les outils dont on dispose pour mesurer cette attractivité et en comprendre les dynamiques sont imparfaits, en particulier pour les dimensions qualitatives en lien avec les images, perceptions, représentations et la notion de qualité de vie. Ces aspects jouent pourtant un rôle important dans l’attractivité des territoires périphériques. Dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche, nous avons choisi de travailler plus spécifiquement sur l’approche qualitative et subjective de l’attractivité, en nous appuyant essentiellement sur des enquêtes auprès des habitants et des entretiens auprès des acteurs socioéconomiques et politiques.
Industriālie roboti automatizētās ražošanas iekārtās
Authors: Meike Dāvis
Published: October 2023

Šī grāmata sniedz ievadu industriālās robotikas nozarē. Tajā aptverti gan šīs jomas teorētiskie, gan praktiskie aspekti. Grāmatā aplūkots robotu lietojums lielās un mazās ražošanas iekārtās. Tā ļaus iedziļināties robotu tehniskajā uzbūvē un pārliecināties par to darbību.
Contribution of Latvian Technical Intelligentsia to Development of Terminology Until the Establishment of the Republic of Latvia
Authors: Baltiņš Māris
Published: October 2023

The article considers the development of technical terminology in the Latvian language until the proclamation of the independent state of Latvia in 1918. The activists of the National Awakening became the first creators of technical terminology, describing current technical innovations as, for example, Juris Alunāns (1832–1864) did in 1860 for the telegraph. The need for technical terms became apparent after the Second Baltic Agricultural Exhibition when difficulties arose in describing the showcased exhibits in Latvian. Significant steps in the development of terminology were made on the initiative of student Mikus Skruzītis (also Skruzīšu Mikus; 1861–1905), who suggested collecting frequently used names of parts of various simple devices, and the initiative of Nikolajs Puriņš (also Puriņu Klāvs; 1858–1935) to publish self-education materials in construction («Būvskola» or Building School) and mechanical engineering («Mašīnu būvskola» or Machine Building School). As the proportion of Latvians employed in the industry and the number of persons who received technical education increased, the need to establish organizations that would take care of both technical education in Latvian and the coinage of the necessary terms became more apparent. The Baltic Technical Society (1906) and the Latvian Educational Society (1908), which established their own terminology committees, deserve special recognition. Encyclopaedic dictionaries were also important for the systematization of terminology, especially the conversational dictionary published by the Knowledge Committee of Riga Latvian Society (1903–1921). The research was carried out within the project «Mūsdienu latviešu valodas lietojums un attīstība» (Research on Modern Latvian Language and Development) of the National Research Program of the Latvian Council of Science (No. VPP-LETONIKA-2022/1-0001).
Pedagogical Activities of Graduate (1916) of Riga Polytechnic Institute Jānis Rupais (1889–1974) in Latvia
Authors: Zigmunde Alīda , Gudro Ilze , Ūsele Ilze , Bauere Ineta
Published: October 2023

The research on Jānis Rupais (1889–1974), engineer, pedagogue, and graduate of the Department of Chemistry (1916) of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), was conducted using the documents of the National Archives of Latvia, the Latvian State Historical Archive and the Latvian State Archives, as well as Gulbene Municipality Museum of History and Art. The article about the well-known pedagogue in Latvia in the 20th century – the long-term and only Principal of Gulbene State Commercial School and Vocational School (1926– 1944) J. Rupais also reflects on his activities after World War II at Riga Industrial Polytechnicum. It describes both the educational institutions, the principal and pedagogue J. Rupais and his work methods, and the contribution he made to Gulbene and Latvia.
The Life of Marine Engineer Officer Edgars Oto Pinka (1895–1941)
Authors: Zvirgzdiņš Indulis
Published: October 2023

Based on the documents, the study provides a wide and comprehensive evaluation of the life of an engineer and citizen from Vidzeme Edgars Otto Pinka (1895–1941). His life was related to ships, military service in Latvia, Russia, and France, and the Latvian Society of Paris. Researching E. O. Pinka’s studies and work, the author has studied the engineer’s life from birth to the end of his life, reflecting on his progress as one of the best specialists in the Latvian Navy in his capacity of an engineer mechanic, shipping engineer, officer, and pedagogue. The contribution of E. O. Pinka to raising awareness about Latvia and Latvian music in France in the early 1930s is also significant. His daughter, a graduate (1964) of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Māra Pinka, inherited his interest in music. The article was developed by studying the collections of Latvian libraries, archives, and museums and communicating with the successors of E. O. Pinka’s family.
Pedagogical and Scientific Heritage of Professor of Riga Polytechnic Institute Mikhail Berlov (1867–1935)
Authors: Kovaļčuka Svetlana , Zigmunde Alīda
Published: October 2023

The pedagogical and scientific activity of a mechanical engineer, a faculty member (1897–1918) of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Professor (1904) Mikhail Berlov (Михаил Берлов; 1867–1935) at the end of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century was related to Riga, as well as the Russian city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk (at present – Ivanovo). M. Berlov was the first Rector of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk Polytechnic Institute (IVPI; 1918–1921), who returned to Riga in 1921, obtained Latvian citizenship, and worked at the Russian Technical School of Nikolai Okolo-Kulak. The research also revealed the contribution of the pedagogue and scientist to the compilation of textbooks that were used in the Russian Empire, including in the territory of present-day Latvia in the first half of the 20th century and in the first years of the Republic of Latvia.
Sustainable development of the Arctic region: main theoretical aspects
Authors: Donskikh Dmitrii Valerevich , Melnikov Andrei Olegovich , Lyui Karina Evgenevna
Published: October 2023

Today, the Arctic is one of the most significant regions of the geopolitics of the world's leading states. The clash of their interests in the region creates the need to form the foundations for a theoretical understanding of sustainable development as the main ideological component of achieving effective economic growth in the Arctic. The object of research is the sustainable development of the Arctic region. The subject of the study is the theoretical basis of sustainable development in relation to the Arctic region. Special attention is paid to the study of supranational regulatory bodies of states in the Arctic and the legal basis for the use of these territories at the present stage, as well as the shortcomings of current approaches and proof of the need to develop principles of sustainable economic development in the region. The article analyzes modern approaches to sustainable development, characterizes the main interests of the main participants in the development of the region, and also puts forward proposals for the formation of principles of sustainable economic development in the Arctic, aimed at ensuring the economic growth of the region. The main conclusions of the study are: proof of the imperfection of modern regulation of sustainable development as an economic category, the abundance and overlap of the functionality of supranational organizations engaged in the sustainable development of Arctic territories and the need to develop new concepts of sustainable economic development of the region. The scientific novelty lies in the proof of the increase in the navigational importance of the region with climate change, as well as the economic potential of the region, which results in the activation of the political significance of the region for key world powers.
Laboratorio Romanistico Gardesano (23-25 giugno 2022)
Authors: Ferrari Monica
Published: October 2023

Abstract - From 23 to 25 June 2022, the eighth edition of the ‘Laboratorio Romanistico Gardesano’, organised by the Universities of Milan, Rome 'Sapienza', Trento and Verona, was held in Gargnano (BS). The first part of the event was dedicated to the ‘Moot court competition’, a competitive trial simulation in Roman law aimed at first-year law students. In the second part, the doctoral seminar took place in which many young scholars had the opportunity to present and discuss their research results with a specialist audience.
«Provinciae». Sarajevo, 22-24 Settembre 2022
Authors: Lanti Lorenzo
Published: October 2023

Abstract - The city of Sarajevo recently hosted the Seventh International Conference of the Balkan Association of Roman law and Roman Legal Tradition «Societas pro Iure Romano» («SIR.»). The title of the event was ‘Provinciae’, a multi-layered and versatile theme, which was well grasped by more than forty participants. The contributions, grouped in three thematic areas – private law, public law and Roman civilization – allowed us to deepen our socio-legal knowledge of many provincial realities.
Statuto soggettivo e intermediazione gestoria: alcune riflessioni su D. 14.1.1.16 e D. 14.3.7.1
Authors: Rossi Francesca
Published: October 2023

Abstract - The work examines the involvement in entrepreneurial activity, especially maritime, of alieni iuris and females. In the context of the broad theme relating to the relationships between man, land and sea (on which some preliminary reflections are carried out), the various roles relating to the administration of the ship (exercitor and magister navis) and the possibility of their entrustment to people other than pater familias are briefly reconstructed. A comparison follows between the text contained in D. 14.1.1.16, relating to the actio exercitoria, and the analogous affirmation reported in D. 14.3.7.1 on the actio institoria, from which the irrelevance results of sex and of subjection to potestas, on one side of the exercitor, on the other of the institor. In the light of these sources, the intermediation of filii familias, slaves, women sui iuris and in power, as well as subjects of minor age, is taken into consideration, with a distinction between impuberes and adulescentes.
Giustizia popolare italica. Traduzione di Lorenzo Lanti
Authors: Usener Hermann
Published: October 2023

Abstract - The contribution consists of the translation from German into Italian of the essay by Hermann Usener, Italische Volksjustiz, which appeared in «Rheinisches Museum für Philologie », in 1901, on the issues of sacertà and occentatio, a topic of great relevance in contemporary romanistics, declined through the examination, above all, of Plautine sources.
Di alcune verosimili ipotesi di «agere per sponsionem» in Alfeno Varo e in Aristone
Authors: Zuccotti Ferdinando
Published: October 2023

Abstract - Some texts by Alfenus Varo and Titius Aristo speak of an actio negatoria granted in cases where the servitude relationship appears difficult to configure: since the formula ‘ius non esse ’ is also used by Alfenus in place of reivindicatio, it appears extremely likely are not hypotheses of edictal actions but of formulas dating back to the procedure of the agere per sponsionem.
Quantifying decision-making in dynamic, continuously evolving environments
Authors: Ruesseler Maria , Weber Lilian Aline , Marshall Tom Rhys , O'Reilly Jill , Hunt Laurence Tudor
Published: October 2023

During perceptual decision-making tasks, centroparietal electroencephalographic (EEG) potentials report an evidence accumulation-to-bound process that is time locked to trial onset. However, decisions in real-world environments are rarely confined to discrete trials; they instead unfold continuously, with accumulation of time-varying evidence being recency-weighted towards its immediate past. The neural mechanisms supporting recency-weighted continuous decision-making remain unclear. Here, we use a novel continuous task design to study how the centroparietal positivity (CPP) adapts to different environments that place different constraints on evidence accumulation. We show that adaptations in evidence weighting to these different environments are reflected in changes in the CPP. The CPP becomes more sensitive to fluctuations in sensory evidence when large shifts in evidence are less frequent, and the potential is primarily sensitive to fluctuations in decision-relevant (not decision-irrelevant) sensory input. A complementary triphasic component over occipito-parietal cortex encodes the sum of recently accumulated sensory evidence, and its magnitude covaries with parameters describing how different individuals integrate sensory evidence over time. A computational model based on leaky evidence accumulation suggests that these findings can be accounted for by a shift in decision threshold between different environments, which is also reflected in the magnitude of pre-decision EEG activity. Our findings reveal how adaptations in EEG responses reflect flexibility in evidence accumulation to the statistics of dynamic sensory environments.
Asymmetric inheritance of centrosomes maintains stem cell properties in human neural progenitor cells
Authors: Royall Lars N , Machado Diana , Jessberger Sebastian , Denoth-Lippuner Annina
Published: October 2023

During human forebrain development, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the ventricular zone (VZ) undergo asymmetric cell divisions to produce a self-renewed progenitor cell, maintaining the potential to go through additional rounds of cell divisions, and differentiating daughter cells, populating the developing cortex. Previous work in the embryonic rodent brain suggested that the preferential inheritance of the pre-existing (older) centrosome to the self-renewed progenitor cell is required to maintain stem cell properties, ensuring proper neurogenesis. If asymmetric segregation of centrosomes occurs in NPCs of the developing human brain, which depends on unique molecular regulators and species-specific cellular composition, remains unknown. Using a novel, recombination-induced tag exchange-based genetic tool to birthdate and track the segregation of centrosomes over multiple cell divisions in human embryonic stem cell-derived regionalised forebrain organoids, we show the preferential inheritance of the older mother centrosome towards self-renewed NPCs. Aberration of asymmetric segregation of centrosomes by genetic manipulation of the centrosomal, microtubule-associated protein Ninein alters fate decisions of NPCs and their maintenance in the VZ of human cortical organoids. Thus, the data described here use a novel genetic approach to birthdate centrosomes in human cells and identify asymmetric inheritance of centrosomes as a mechanism to maintain self-renewal properties and to ensure proper neurogenesis in human NPCs.