bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring Oil in Water: A Sanity Check
Authors: Brown Lew , Ide Mason , Wolfe Peter
Published: July 2009

Reliable measurements of oil in water are becoming increasingly important to the petroleum industry. As the percent content of water in crude climbs higher, the need to increase the percent of oil recovered from the water treatment systems also climbs; efficiency in water removal corresponds directly to the bottom line for oil producers.

Additionally, particularly on offshore platforms, there are stringent environmental regulations which need to be met.

The majority of well-proven techniques for measuring oil in water are " laboratory based??, typically using either gravimetric methods or IR (Infrared) Spectroscopy. However, lab-based measurements are too time-consuming for the realities of production environment. In particular, a water treatment system really needs to be monitored in several places in order to determine the efficacy of each treatment stage (and also for troubleshooting the process). This really requires an on-line or at least " at-line?? monitoring approach for best results.

Over the years, several different methods have been proposed and used in the industry in order to accomplish real-time monitoring of oil in water content. Some of the more common methods tried include UV (ultraviolet) fluorescence, light obscuration, acoustic backscattering, IR absorption and digital imaging. All of these techniques claim to be able to measure oil in water accurately.

In this paper, we will take three actual instruments and compare their results against a standard EPA testing lab results. Solutions of known oil in water concentration were mixed in the laboratory, and samples of each were run through the different instruments and also sent in parallel to a certified EPA testing lab. The results were then plotted together to get a snapshot view of how each instrument did versus the results from the independent lab. The results show that all techniques exhibit variance, and that no two instruments produce the same result. The point of this exercise is not to " prove?? that any one technique is more accurate. Rather, the point to be made is that manufacturers' specifications for accuracy should be at least " calibrated?? to known and accepted measurement techniques.

Why Measure Oil in Water?

Reliable measurement of oil in water, particularly in produced water, is becoming increasingly more important. Initially, measurement of oil in produced water was being driven primarily by environmental regulations, particularly those imposed on offshore operations. However, as the world's supply of oil becomes smaller, the price continues to rise and extraction is taking place on supplies having higher water content. In light of this, the need to more carefully monitor oil extraction from water has increased dramatically. Not only do the oil producers want to extract the most possible oil from the supply, but the environmental regulations are becoming more stringently enforced with time.
Casting and Forgings for Offshore Structures and Moorings
Authors: Marshall Peter W.
Published: July 2009

Following recent difficulties with the jewelry in deepwater moorings, a number of attendant issues have identified, which were reviewed in a " white paper?? prerared in the spring of 2008. The author's background is in practical fracture control standards for fixed platforms and hull structures, offering a fresh (naïve?) insight into the following topics:system reliability,geometric design,Manufacture & QCincorporation into the overall construction,operation, inspection and maintenance, and the way forward

Introduction

There are many offshore applications of castings and forgings. Although the primary focus of the author's work is specification of materials and welding for fixed platforms, it is mooring jewelry in projects such as Kikeh and Tahiti that has become a cause for concern in recent months.

Yield before fracture is the prevailing philosophy in designing critical components of permanent fixed offshore platforms and marine hull structure. Observable deformation gives a warning of impending failure. If there is less ductility, the component " fails ugly??. In structures, this is considered undesirable, even if the load capacity is almost the same. In mooring lines, with no redundancy and no warning, both modes of failure have the same consequences.

The cast mooring socket in Figure 1 is an example of " failing ugly??, from the MMS post mortem of hurricane Ivan [2]. Mooring jewelry is typically designed not to fail before the wire or chain. The first of 8 mooring lines on the semi-submersible MODU failed at the expected location (rig wire at the fairlead). However, as the system unzipped, there was one failure at an in-line connector, and a padeye failed after being loaded out-of-plane. The rig's drift path hooked around and came within five miles of hitting the Nakika hub. Had it hit the LOOP facility, the estimated $30 billioin economic disaster for the nation (not just oil companies) would be on the same order as losing 300 ICAF lives.
SS: Cryogenic Pipeline-Mechanical Design of Subsea and Buried LNG Pipelines
Authors: Brown Trent S. , Jukes Paul , Sun Jason
Published: July 2009

Design of subsea and buried LNG pipelines presents challenges such as low operating temperatures (-160 ºC), multiple pipe walls, and differential expansion of materials. ITP has developed an LNG pipeline design that has been certified by DNV as " Fit for Service?? for LNG subsea transport. JP Kenny has developed and applied a comprehensive FE model to ITP's triplewalled (PIPIP) LNG pipeline design to successfully demonstrate the robustness of the pipe design. The FE model is used to determine the displacements and stresses in each of the three pipe walls under all the operating conditions and to provide input data for detailed analyses of the bulkheads, risers, riser supports, and tie-ins to external piping. The basis of the model is presented along with a description of the PIPIP. Typical results of the modeling are presented, which demonstrate how the design of the PIPIP limits the stresses, displacements, and end loads. The use of the model results for design of ancilliary and connecting systems is also reviewed.

Design Considerations for LNG Loading/Offloading Pipelines

LNG loading/offloading pipelines present several design challenges:Low temperatures (-160 ºC)Relatively long distancesHigh thermal performance requirementsLow risk tolerance

The material selected for LNG pipelines has traditionally been stainless steel 304L. Although suitable for the low temperature, 304L has the disadvantage of a high Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE = 13.6 × 10-6 K-1 between ambient and -160 ºC). For the stresses in a 304L LNG pipeline to be acceptable, the pipeline must be allowed to contract with temperature. Consequently, either expansion loops or bellows are required.

Heat ingress to the pipeline must be limited for operating cost and operational (Boil-Off Gas) reasons. As such, very low overall heat transfer coefficients (U-values less than 0.15 W/m2*K) are required. Low U-values have traditionally been obtained by using either Vacuum Insulated Pipe (VIP) or very thick conventional insulation.

All of the product from an LNG export facility must flow through the LNG pipeline. As LNG facilities involve high capital costs, there is a very low risk tolerance for LNG pipelines. If a subsea design is to be preferred over the conventional trestle design, the subsea design must be robust and able to withstand impacts that might occur in near shore regions with ship traffic.

To apply an LNG pipeline subsea, the thermal performance must be maintained; the design must be robust and reliable; and bellows and expansion loops must be eliminated. ITP has developed a design that satisfies these criteria using a triple-wall design with different materials for the pipes, and with bulkheads only at each end of the pipeline. The triple-walled design and bulkheads complicate the determination of the stresses, displacements, and end loads. JP Kenny has developed a pipeline analysis model that allows the design to be rigorously evaluated.
SS: Canadian - What's New in Offshore Nova Scotia
Authors: Smith Brenton Morgan
Published: July 2009

Nova Scotia's large offshore area of ~250,000 square kilometers has been explored since the late 1960s. On the continental shelf, two oil fields have been produced and abandoned, five gas fields are under production and a Jurassic carbonate bank gas project is scheduled to begin production in 2010. With the exception of the successful carbonate bank play, recent shelf exploration drilling efforts ending in 2004 failed to identify any new commercially viable fields.

A six well drilling effort on the deep water slope ending in 2004 mainly targeted Cretaceous turbidite sands in water depths up to 2091 m. Gas was discovered in the deep water, but not in economic quantities. Well results indicated that the geology of this area is poorly understood.

The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board (CNSOPB) has undertaken numerous initiatives in order to encourage further exploration both on the shelf and slope. These include:improving the terms and conditions for exploration licences,increasing the CNSOPB's geoscience staff and increasing the publication of G&G evaluations,providing online access to digital geoscience data via the web.

The first CNSOPB nominated " Call for Bids" parcels offshore Nova Scotia implementing these new licence terms and conditions, closed in June 2008 with total work expenditure bids of $216,800,000. These results also led to a new company becoming active in Nova Scotia's offshore. New Call for Bids interpretation packages have advanced the public geological knowledge of the offshore and will allow companies to enter the area with an advanced understanding of the geology.

With almost half a billion cubic feet of gas a day flowing from offshore Nova Scotia to the eastern portions of Canada and the United States, Nova Scotia represents an important region for present and future gas supply. Providing advanced geological interpretations and the improving the terms and conditions for new exploration licences will make it more attractive for companies to explore in this area.

Introduction

Nova Scotia's offshore area is 850 km long with a shelf extending over 200 km to the continental slope break as shown in Figure 1. The slope extends for another 100 km to 4000 m of water depth and a further 200 to 300 km to the jurisdictional limit. Out of the total 204 wells drilled to date, 127 have been exploration wells. This drilling has resulted in 23 Significant Discoverise.
SS: Canadian: Atlantic Development- Conversion of a Fishing Vessel to a 3-D Seismic Vessel
Authors: Kerr Donald R. , Berglund Jack
Published: July 2009

Introduction

With the shortage of 2D and 3D seismic vessels, rather than build a new vessel some companies are converting suitable candidate vessels into seismic vessels. Building new vessels is expensive and presents difficulty in finding a yard with vacant spots for the build and the necessary expertise to construct such a quality vessel. One way of providing a faster, quicker method of producing a seismic vessel is to find a suitable hull and type of vessel capable of being converted into a seismic vessel and carrying out the engineering and installation of the equipment during a conversion. This is a cost effective method approach of achieving the required vessel in timely fashion at a much reduced cost. This paper describes the conversion of such a vessel in Canada and the factors which attracted the owner to have the work done in a Canadian Yard.

Doing Business in Canada

Canada has earned an international reputation for providing quality shipyard service in both the marine and offshore sectors and as such is poised for continued global growth. Canadian shipyards have both the ability and the expertise at the ready for ship repair, complex conversions and new construction projects For this reason Canada has created a number of financing solutions with the objective of stimulating demand for new Canadian built vessels, complex conversions, and large life extension projects on ocean going ships, MODUs, MOPUs, accommodations vessels, etc.

The vessel highlighted in this presentation took advantage of these programs.

We will provide a brief description of the two cornerstone programs available to this owner.

Financing

Export Development Canada (EDC): EDC is an agency of the Canadian Government that operates like a commercial financial institution, offering a full range of trade finance services to Canadian companies and their buyers in some 200 countries around the world.

EDC is able to offer competitive financing to Canadian Shipbuilder's foreign buyers, and add to the often limited capacity of conventional financial institutions.

EDC provides support in three (3) areas:New ConstructionConversionsShip repairs

Eligibility:

EDC support is based on the credit worthiness of the borrower. It's pricing and terms of the loan are based on commercial principles. In order to be eligible for the EDC financing, the proposed transaction must involve:Shipyard (s) operating in Canada;A benefit to Canada; andVessels / rigs that operate internationally

Even if the transaction does not meet these requirements, EDC may still be able to provide a financing solution that meets your specific needs.
RPSEA: Ultradeepwater Program
Authors: Schroeder Art J. , Haver Christopher A. , Chitwood James E.
Published: July 2009

The Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (RPSEA) is a non-profit (501-c-3) corporation which was competitively selected by the US Department of Energy (DOE) to administer a ten (10) year 375 million USD program of research, development, deployment and commercialization of safe, environmentally sensitive technology that can effectively deliver hydrocarbons from domestic resources to the citizens of the United States as called for under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct). The focus of the subject paper is the Ultra-Deepwater (UDW) portion of the RPSEA program. The EPAct states the UDW " shall focus on the development and demonstration of individual exploration and production technologies as well as integrated systems technologies including new architectures for production in ultra-deepwater.?? The goals of the UDW are to exploit the ultra-deepwater resource base and to convert currently identified (discovered) resources into economic recoverable (proven) reserves, while protecting the environment, thereby providing the U.S. consumer with secure and affordable petroleum supplies. These goals will be achieved by:Increasing the production of ultra-deepwater oil and gas resourcesReducing the costs to find, develop, and produce such resourcesIncreasing the efficiency of exploitation of such resourcesIncreasing production efficiency and ultimate recovery of such resourcesImproving safety and environmental performance, by minimizing environmental impacts associated with ultra-deepwater E&P

This paper outlines RPSEA's UDW strategies and overviews its organization, operation and direction. Some additional detail is provided regarding selection and awards under the 2007 and 2008 year Programs and plans for 2009 and beyond. With RPSEA membership including over 140 premier U.S. energy research universities, industry and independent research organizations employing well over 1 million people and virtually all of the major operators in the ultra-deepwater portion of the US Gulf of Mexico (GoM), RPSEA is well position to ensure the funding is focused on the right projects and that the results are well disseminated. For more information on RPSEA in general and the onshore and small producer portion of the program please reference a companion paper OTC 20310 and visit www.RPSEA.org.
Modeling Subsalt Amplitude Variations
Authors: Sinton John B.
Published: July 2009

A modeling study was used to investigate amplitude variations of a subsalt reflection after applying Kirchhoff and FX shot migration. This study built upon previous work investigating the applicability of WATS and XWATS acquisition geometries to the specific GOM exploration problem. There are very significant amplitude variations that must be associated with salt induced illumination variations. These variations were not only present in the stacked amplitudes but also in the offset amplitudes. Each offset required its own correction. It was possible to significantly increase the areal coverage of constant reflection strength within the subsalt reflection for the specific model investigated. Areas still existed where the amplitude was incorrect. This work suggests it may be possible to use model-based information to correct subsalt amplitudes within images of field data.

Introduction

Over the last several years Wide Azimuth Towed Streamer (WATS) acquisition has been shown to provide significant improvement in imaging and multiple attenuation for complex geology (Regone, 2006; Sava, 2006; Barley, et.al., 2007, Beaudoin, et.al., 2007; Corcoran, et.al, 2007; Howard, 2007; Michell, 2007). Several service providers are now offering multi-client Exploration WATS 3D surveys. A previous study (Sinton, 2008) addressed application of XWATS and WATS acquisition geometries to the specific model used in this study. Amplitude variations within subsalt reflections were found to be significant. Albertin, et. al., (1999) and Bloor, et. al., (1999) discussed methods for correcting imaged amplitude and phase in Kirchhoff depth migration. New work was undertaken to investigate in more detail the amplitude variations and a model-based amplitude correction method applicable to any type of migration algorithm.

Statement of Theory and Definitions

The modeling, computed shots and images discussed by Sinton, et. al. (2008) are the basis of the investigation into subsalt reflection amplitude variations. The image area covers a significant portion of a mini-basin and complex salt. A deep reflector was place in the model such that it was continuous within the mini-basin and under all the salt. The velocity within the deep reflector was adjusted so that it maintained constant impedance contrast with the surrounding media. Thus, the idea result from imaging should be constant reflection strength. The reflector represented a structurally simple, broad bump approximately centered within the model.

Images were computed using all 7,000 Wide Azimuth shots as discuss by Sinton, et. al. (2008). An FX shot migration algorithm produced a single image. A Kirchhoff migration algorithm produced image gathers each with 32 offsets. Amplitude maps were extracted from each image volume along the target sub-salt reflector surface. Correction maps were computed from the amplitude maps which could be applied to images of field data or more complex modeled data.
The survey of perceived organisational support: Which measure should we use?
Authors: Worley Jody A. , Fuqua Dale R. , Hellman Chan M.
Published: July 2009

The psychometric properties of the original 36-item Survey of Perceived Organisational Support (SPOS) was examined along with a variety of shorter versions currently in use (16 items, eight items and three items). Factor analysis of the original SPOS measure is supportive of the original finding that the SPOS is unidimensional. Correlations among factor scores and SPOS scale scores suggest that either the eight-item or 16-item version would be just as effective as the 36-item version but even more efficient. Convergent validity results also indicate similar proportions of variance in versions of SPOS scores accounted for by selected organisational variables.
Profissionais da saúde, que assistem pacientes com Acidente Vascular Cerebral, necessitam de informação especializada
Authors: Neves Priscila Parochi , Fontes Sissy Veloso , Fukujima Márcia Maiumi , Matas Sandro Luis de Andrade , Prado Gilmar Fernandes do
Published: July 2009

O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma doença que pode ocasionar incapacidade funcional e levar ao óbito. Sendo assim, é necessária a intervenção de uma equipe multidisciplinar, com formação especializada, para o manuseio desses pacientes. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar pesquisa de campo, com profissionais da área da saúde, (enfermeiro, fisioterapeuta, assistente social, médico, fonoaudiólogo, terapeuta-ocupacional, nutricionista e psicólogo), sobre as dificuldades, dúvidas e importância de orientações sobre os cuidados de pacientes com AVC. Foi aplicado questionário a 146 profissionais da saúde, que possuem experiência no atendimento desses pacientes, nas cidades de São Paulo, Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo e São Caetano do Sul. Observou-se, nesse estudo, que a maioria dos profissionais da área da saúde apresentam dificuldades (85%), dúvidas (58%), e consideram importante receber orientações (91%), em relação aos cuidados de pacientes com AVC, através de materiais didáticos eletrônicos ou impressos, e cursos de extensão. A análise da pesquisa de campo realizada mostrou a importância e necessidade de informação/formação especializada para a maioria dos profissionais da saúde, da amostra estudada, que atendem pacientes com AVC
Análise crítica de ensaios clínicos aleatórios sobre fisioterapia aquática para pacientes neurológicos
Authors: Gimenes Rafaela Okano , Fontes Sissy Veloso , Fukujima Márcia Maiumi , Matas Sandro Luis de Andrade , Prado Gilmar Fernandes do
Published: July 2009

Objetivos: Revisão da literatura na busca de evidências da efetividade da fisioterapia aquática em pacientes com doença neurológica e análise crítica dos ensaios clínicos aleatórios (ECA). Método: Localização dos ensaios clínicos aleatórios através da busca em bases eletrônicas e análise crítica dos ECA utilizando a lista Delphi. Resultados: Dos 207 trabalhos localizados 157 foram recuperados. Destes, 22 foram utilizados, sendo apenas 6 ECA. Um trabalho apresentou o método de aleatorização, mostrando que este não é um método utilizado regularmente em estudos clínicos sobre este assunto, devendo estudos futuros utilizar-se deste método para a alocação dos pacientes. A maioria dos estudos apresentou grupos similares com relação aos indicadores prognósticos mais importantes dos pacientes e, todos os estudos apresentaram critérios de elegibilidade especificados, intenção de tratar e foram relatadas estimativas das medidas de tendência central e variabilidade nas medidas de desfecho primário propiciando, assim estudos de melhor qualidade. Conclusão: existem fracas evidências na literatura dos benefícios da fisioterapia aquática quando aplicada à pacientes com doenças neurológicas, sendo fundamental a elaboração de um ensaio clínico aleatório de grande amostra para avaliar o efeito da fisioterapia aquática em pacientes com doença neurológica específica
Sistema Extrapiramidal
Authors: Godeiro Júnior Clécio de Oliveira , Felício André Carvalho , Prado Gilmar Fernandes do
Published: July 2009

O sistema extrapiramidal é formado pelo tálamo, cerebelo e gânglios da base. Estas estruturas, através de suas conexões, estão envolvidas em vários processos, inclusive a modulação do controle motor. A disfunção de estruturas do sistema extrapiramidal associa-se a transtornos dos movimentos. Este artigo traz algumas atualizações sobre os principais circuitos extrapiramidais e suas implicações nos distúrbios dos movimentos.
Análise dos instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de sono em pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA)
Authors: Rezende Marilia de Moraes , Ghezzi Simone Ribas , Fukujima Márcia Maiumi , Carvalho Luciane Bizari Coin de , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle de , Fontes Sissy Veloso , Prado Gilmar Fernandes do
Published: July 2009

Introdução. A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença incapacitante, de curso progressivo, que leva à fraqueza muscular e diminuição da expectativa de vida, muitas vezes pelo comprometimento da musculatura respiratória, levando a hipoventilação. Freqüentemente, associa-se a disfunções psicológicas cognitivas, depressão, ansiedade e problemas de sono. Este estudo objetiva avaliar a associação entre sonolência, depressão e ansiedade em pacientes com ELA por meio de escalas e questionários. Método. Foram avaliados 53 pacientes com ELA, 39 homens, média de 54,79 anos. Todos foram submetidos à aplicação das escalas de sonolência: SSS (Stanford Sleepiness Scale), ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), MSQ (Mini-Sleep Questionnaire); para depressão BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) e para ansiedade STAI I-II (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory). Foram utilizados para a análise estatística os testes de Mann-Whitney, t de Student, teste de Pearson. Considerou-se um p < 0,05 para significância estatística. Resultados. Houve correlação positiva significante entre as escalas de sonolência, e delas com BDI (depressão), e itens específicos do STAI I e STAI II (ansiedade). Conclusão. A SSS foi a escala que apresentou melhor correlação com as demais escalas de sono (ESS e MSQ). A escala de avaliação de depressão (BDI) apresentou correlação significante com todas as escalas de sonolência.
Impacto da fisioterapia no tratamento da vertigem
Authors: Teixeira Lázaro Juliano , Prado Gilmar Fernandes do
Published: July 2009

Introdução. Vertigem é uma queixa comum na população, mas infreqüente em serviços de fisioterapia geral, talvez pelo desconhecimento de que recursos fisioterapêuticos podem ser utilizados para o tratamento das disfunções de origem otoneurológica. Objetivo. Analisar os achados clínicos e resultados de dois anos de um serviço de fisioterapia geral na abordagem fisioterapêutica de disfunções originadas por vertigem. Método. Trinta e três indivíduos com vertigem inespecífica foram tratados ao longo dos anos de 2002 e 2003. Considerou-se a melhora subjetiva descrita pelo paciente e a obtenção de testes clínicos de equilíbrio estático e dinâmico normais como critérios de melhora. Foi calculada a média da duração do tratamento em dias, e a média de sessões realizadas. Resultado. Apenas três pacientes apresentaram manobra de Dix-Hallpike positiva para vertigem paroxística posicional benigna em nossa amostra. Os demais tinham vertigem de origem cervical. Foram necessárias em média 12,12 sessões (DP=6,44) de fisioterapia ao longo de 24,54 dias (DP=16,64), para que o paciente fosse considerado tratado segundo nossos critérios, porém 19 pacientes receberam alta até no máximo 10 dias de tratamento. Conclusão. O tratamento de indivíduos com queixas de vertigem por meio da Fisioterapia se mostrou como um recurso efetivo, eficiente e seguro
Outcomes of genetics services: Creating an inclusive definition and outcomes menu for public health and clinical genetics services
Authors: Silvey Kerry , Stock Jacquie , Hasegawa Lianne E. , Au Sylvia Mann
Published: July 2009

Third party payers, funding agencies, and lawmakers often require clinicians and public health agencies to justify programs and services by documenting results. This article describes two assessment tools—“Defining Genetics Services Framework” and “Genetics Services Outcomes Menu,” created to assist public health professionals, clinicians, family advocates, and researchers to plan, evaluate, and demonstrate the effectiveness of genetics services. The tools were developed by a work group of the Western States Genetics Services Collaborative (WSGSC) consisting of public health genetics and newborn screening professionals, family representatives, a medical geneticist, and genetic counselors from Alaska, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The work group created both tools by an iterative process of combining their ideas with findings from a literature and World Wide Web review. The Defining Genetics Services Framework reflects the diversity of work group members. Three over‐lapping areas of genetics services from public health core functions to population screening to clinical genetics services are depicted. The Genetics Services Outcomes Menu lists sample long‐term outcomes of genetics services. Menu outcomes are classified under impact areas of Knowledge and Information; Financing; Screening and Identification; Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management; and Population Health. The WSGSC incorporated aspects of both tools into their Regional Genetics Plan. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality assurance in medical and public health genetics services: A systematic review
Authors: Chou Ann F. , Norris Ann I. , Williamson Lori , Garcia Katrina , Baysinger Justin , Mulvihill John J.
Published: July 2009

As genetic services grow in scope, issues of quality assessment in genetic services are emerging. These efforts are well developed for molecular and cytogenetic testing and laboratories, and newborn screening programs, but assessing quality in clinical services has lagged, perhaps owing to the small work force and the recent evolution from a few large training programs to multiple training sites. We surveyed the English language, peer‐reviewed literature to summarize the knowledge‐base of quality assessment of genetics services, organized into the tripartite categories of the Donabedian model of “structure,” “process,” and “outcome.” MEDLINE searches from 1990 to July 2008, yielded 2,143 articles that addressed both “medical/genetic screening and counseling” and “quality indicators, control, and assurance.” Of the 2,143 titles, 131 articles were extracted for in‐depth analysis, and 55 were included in this review. Twenty‐nine articles focused on structure, 19 on process, and seven on outcomes. Our review underscored the urgent need for a coherent model that will provide health care organizations with tools to assess, report, monitor, and improve quality. The structure, process, and outcomes domains that make up the quality framework provide a comprehensive lens through which to examine quality in medical genetics. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and prioritization of quality indicators in clinical genetics: An international survey
Authors: Zellerino Barbara C. , Milligan Sharon A. , Gray Jonathon R. , Williams Marc S. , Brooks Ron
Published: July 2009

The range and demand for clinical genetic services will continue to grow, and now is an ideal time to assess current service quality. Based on the previous work of quality professional organizations such as the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) which is now known as The Joint Commission (TJC), an independent group of genetic and healthcare quality professionals (InheritQual) drafted and defined a list of potential quality indicators for clinical genetics. Perspectives on the appropriateness and the practicality of each indicator were surveyed and analyzed. The Quality Special Interest Group of the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) chartered the survey results. After measuring the degree of consensus, an expert panel was selected to review the quality indicators based on practicality and applicability. This expert panel comprised of members of the ACMG Quality Sig workgroup met for final consensus and developed a methodology to pilot these indicators. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving genetic health care: A Northern New England pilot project addressing the genetic evaluation of the child with developmental delays or intellectual disability
Authors: Moeschler John B. , Amato R. Stephen , Brewster Thomas , Burke Leah , Dinulos Mary Beth , Smith Rosemarie , Smith Wendy , Miller Patrick
Published: July 2009

In 2006, all clinical genetics practices in Northern New England (Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) formed a learning collaborative with the purpose of improving genetic health care and outcomes. This article describes the current status of this effort. The methodology is based on our own modifications of the Institute of Healthcare Improvement “Breakthrough Series” and the Northern New England Cystic Fibrosis Consortium. Because of similarities across practices and the availability of existing published practice parameters, the clinical genetics evaluation of the child with developmental delay or intellectual disability was chosen as the topic to be studied. The aim was to improve the rate of etiological diagnosis of those with developmental delays referred to each genetics center by improving the processes of care. Process and outcomes were evaluated. Four of five sites also evaluated the impact of array comparative genomic hybridization (a‐CGH) laboratory testing of such patients. There was significant site‐to‐site variation in the rate of new diagnoses by a‐CGH with the average new diagnosis rate of 11.8% (range 5.4–28.8%). Barriers to implementation of the process and outcome data collection and analysis were significant and related to time pressures, lack of personnel or staff to support this activity, and competing quality improvement initiatives at the institutional home of some genetics centers. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Die Überwachung der Wiener Erdberger Brücke
Authors: Geier Roman , Binder Fritz
Published: July 2009

Die Gewährleistung der Zuverlässigkeit und Verkehrssicherheit von Ingenieurbauwerken ist eine wesentliche Aufgabe im Bauwesen, um Tragwerke auch bei steigenden Verkehrslasten mit hoher Sicherheit möglichst lange nutzen zu können. Für die Überwachung und Prüfung von Bauwerken und im Besonderen für Brücken, existieren entsprechende Normen und Richtlinien. Des Weiteren wurden in der Vergangenheit verschiedene Überwachungstechnologien entwickelt, die auf den unterschiedlichsten Konzepten basieren. In den letzten Jahren wurden insbesondere Verfahren angeboten, die auf der Erfassung der Schwingungscharakteristik aufbauen, wobei die Akzeptanz aus der Praxis sehr beschränkt war. Die Erfahrungen haben daher die Notwendigkeit gezeigt, dass für eine vermehrte Anwendung dieser Technologien die Konzepte einer drastischen Veränderung bedürfen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll auf die Prüfung der Erdberger Brücke in Wien sowie die nachfolgende Entwicklung und Betrieb eines neuen Überwachungssystems eingegangen werden, welches seit Jänner 2009 unterbrechungsfrei Messdaten aufzeichnet.
Zur Ermittlung der Normalkraft‐Verlängerung und Moment‐Krümmung‐Beziehungen der Stahlbetonbauteile im Grenzzustand der Gebrauchstauglichkei
Authors: Duţulescu Eugen
Published: July 2009

Die Nachweise zur Begrenzung der Verformungen von Stahlbetonbauteilen sind infolge der Verwendung von Baustoffen höherer Festigkeiten immer wichtiger geworden, oft sogar maßgebend. Eine Verdopplung der Betondruckfestigkeit eines normalen Betons ruft eine etwa 20%ige Erhöhung des Ec‐Moduls hervor aber keine des Betonstahls, da Es konstant ist.

Dies und die dementsprechend schlanker gewordenen Stahlbetonbauteile führen zu größeren Verformungen – Verlängerungen, Durchbiegungen und/oder Verdrehungen – die deren Verhalten beeinträchtigen können. Die für die Ermittlung der Verformungen benötigten “Normalkraft‐mittlere Dehnungslinien”, bzw. “Moment‐mittlere Krümmungslinien” werden erläutert.

About the Calculation of Displacements of Reinforced Concrete Members in the Serviceability Limit State

The verification of reinforced concrete elements for the purpose of limiting deformations has become increasingly important, often even decisive, as a result of the use of higher strength materials. A doubling of the compressive strength of a normal concrete causes an increase of about 20% in the Ec‐module, and none of reinforcing steel, because Es is constant. This and, accordingly, the slender reinforced concrete elements lead to larger deformations – elongations, deflections and/or rotations – which may affect their behaviour. The determination of “axial tensile force – mean strain diagrams”, respectively “bending moment – mean curvature diagrams”, needed for the calculation of the displacements, is explained.
Brückenobjekt A21.R1 – Wiener Außenring Autobahn Knoten Steinhäusel
Authors: Veit‐Egerer Robert , Schedler Robert , Hetzenberger Thomas
Published: July 2009

Die untersuchte Spannbeton‐Straßenbrücke am Knoten Steinhäusel ist eine zweispurige Querung über die A1 Westautobahn. Das Haupttragwerk besteht aus vier Feldern mit einer Gesamtlänge von rund 125 m. Der Querschnitt der 15,10 m breiten – im Grundriss schiefen – Brücke wird durch einen offenen Querschnitt gebildet. Die zugehörigen beiden Hauptträger setzen sich jeweils aus einem zweistegigen Plattenbalken zusammen und werden durch eine Kassettendecke verbunden. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Untersuchung war zunächst eine dynamische Analyse mit BRIMOS® (BRIdge MOnitoring System), wodurch der globale Erhaltungszustand des Tragwerkes hinsichtlich Tragfähigkeit und Funktionsfähigkeit der Brückenstruktur festgelegt und damit Empfehlungen für die weitere Betriebsdauer gegeben werden. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt dabei auf dem Verbundquerschnitt Spannbeton, der besondere Aufmerksamkeit erfordert. Begleitend erfolgte eine Inspektion des Brückentragwerks nach der RVS 13.03.11. Anlass der Brückenprüfung waren spanngliedparallele Risse an den Stegen des Tragwerks sowie örtliche, freiliegende Spannkabel. Ziel der Prüfung war es festzustellen, ob in den Bereichen der spanngliedparallelen Risse systematische Schäden an den Spanngliedern vorhanden sind, oder ob es sich bei den augenscheinlichen Fehlstellen an den Spanngliedern um einen lokal begrenzten Schaden handelt.
Die Sichtbetonschalen des Hauses der Musiker der Stiftung Insel Hombroich
Authors: Kappauf Horst
Published: July 2009

In der Rede zur Grundsteinlegung sagte der Architekt Raimund Abraham: An der Entstehung des Hauses sind zwei Wahnsinnige beteiligt: der Architekt, der eine skulpturale Architektur ohne kommerzielle Einschränkungen entwerfen durfte; der Bauherr Karl‐Heinrich Müller, der den zehnjährigen Reifeprozess des außergewöhnlichen Bauwerks intensiv und visionär begleitet und gefördert hat und im August 2006 den Startschuss zum Bau gegeben hat.

Diesen Aufsatz widme ich Karl‐Heinrich Müller, dem Stifter des Museums Insel Hombroich.

Mit seinem Tod im November 2007 konnte er die Fertigstellung des Hauses leider nicht mehr erleben.

Das “Haus der Musiker”, ein Stahlbetongebäude des New Yorker Architekten Raimund Abraham, das durch zwei sich schneidende Zylinderschalen geformt wird, wurde erstmals 1996 auf der Architektur‐Biennale in Venedig vorgestellt. In den folgenden Jahren wurden die Konstruktionsunterlagen in verschiedenen Entwurfsphasen vervollständigt.

Die untere Zylinderschale der burgartigen Struktur hat eine vertikale Ausrichtung, die obere Zylinderschale ist in ihrerAchse 15° gegen die Vertikale geneigt. Eine runde Stahlbetonplatte mit einer Anschrägung am Außenrand und einem zentralen gleichseitigen Dreiecksauschnitt schwebt über der geneigten Zylinderschale; sie wird von zehn Rechteckstützen getragen.

Die wesentlichen konstruktiven Herausforderungen waren die Formung und die Betonierung der Schalen und Platten, die Qualität der Sichtbetonflächen, besonders der Betonguss der geneigten Flächen und schließlich die strengen Gestaltungsanforderungen des Architekten.
Normen: Zum Nachweis der Teilflächenbelastung nach DIN 1045‐1 (08/2008)
Authors: Held Markus , Welsch Torsten
Published: July 2009

Der in DIN 1045‐1 enthaltene Ansatz zum Nachweis der Teilflächenbelastung wird in der Praxis zuweilen auch für die Beurteilung von Teilflächenproblemen an scheibenartigen Bauteilen herangezogen. Nachfolgend wird gezeigt, dass diese Vorgehensweise zu unsicheren Bemessungsergebnissen führen kann. Weiterhin wird ein Vorschlag zur rechnerischen Handhabung dieser speziellen Teilflächenprobleme vorgestellt.
Chemiluminescence determination of naproxen based on europium(III)‐sensitized KIO4–H2O2 reaction
Authors: Du Jianxiu , Li Dongdong , Lu Jiuru
Published: July 2009

A simple and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method combined with flow injection technique was developed for the determination of naproxen. It was based upon the weak CL signal arising from the reaction of KIO4 with H2O2 being significantly increased by naproxen in the presence of europium(III) ion. The experimental conditions that affected the CL signal were carefully optimized and the CL reaction mechanism was briefly discussed. Under the optimum conditions, the increment of CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of naproxen ranging from 5.0 × 10−8 to 5.0 × 10−6 g/mL. The detection limit was 1 × 10−8 g/mL naproxen and the relative standard deviation for 5.0 × 10−7 g/mL naproxen solution was 2.1% (n = 11). The proposed method was applied to the determination of naproxen in tablets and in spiked human urine samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination and toxicokinetics comparison of ketamine and S(+)‐ketamine in dog plasma by HPLC‐MS method
Authors: Sheng Yu‐xin , Zhang Ying‐hao , Zhang Jin‐lan , Li Jin , Li Hui , Jin Hong‐tao
Published: July 2009

;A simple and reproducible method was developed for the quantification of ketamine and S(+)‐ketamine in dog plasma using a high‐performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a positive ion electrospray mass spectrometric analysis. Solid‐phase extraction was used for extracting analytes from dog plasma samples. The analytes were separated on a Zorbax SB C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) with acetonitrile–formate buffer (10 mM ammonium formate and 0.3% formic acid) (17 : 83, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow‐rate of 0.2 mL/min. Detection was operated under selected ion monitoring mode. [M + H]+ at m/z 238 for ketamine and S(+)‐ketamine and [M + H]+ at m/z 180 for phenacetin (internal standard) were selected as detecting ions, respectively. The method was linear in the concentration range 51.6–2580 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (RSD %) were within 11.3% and the assay accuracies ranged from 80.0 to 101.4%. Their average recoveries were greater than 91.1% at all test concentrations. The analytes were proved to be stable during all sample storage, preparation and analysis procedures. The method was successfully applied to the toxicokinetics study and comparison of ketamine and S (+)‐ketamine following intravenous administration to dogs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of dipyridamole in human plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Qin Ting , Qin Feng , Li Ning , Lu Shan , Liu Wei , Li Famei
Published: July 2009

Dipyridamole is a classic platelet inhibitor which has been a key medicine in clinical therapy of thrombosis and cerebrovascular disease. A rapid, selective and convenient method using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) was developed for determination of dipyridamole in human plasma. After protein precipitation of 200 μL plasma with methanol, dipyridamole and diazepam (internal standard) were chromatographed on an Ultimate™ XB‐C18 (50 × 2.1 mm i.d, 3 μ) column with the mobile phase consisting of methanol–ammonium acetate (5 mM; 80 : 20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring mode via positive eletrospray ionization source (ESI+). The retention times of dipyridamole and diazepam were 1.4 and 1.2 min, respectively. The method was validated over a concentration range of 0.0180–4.50 μg/mL (r2 ≥ 0.99) with a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 0.0180 μg/mL for dipyridamole. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (RSD) of the assay at all three QC levels were 1.6–12.7% with an accuracy (RE) of −4.3–1.9%, which meets the requirements of the FDA guidance. The HPLC‐MS/MS method herein described was proved to be suitable for pharmacokinetic study of sustained‐release dipyridamole tablet in volunteers after oral administration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrated simultaneous distillation–extraction apparatus for the extraction of essential oils from herb materials and its application in Flos Magnoliae
Authors: Wei Yuhui , Li Boxia , Duan Haogang , Wu Xin'an , Yao Xiaojun
Published: July 2009

A large number of herb materials contain essential oils with extensive bioactivities. In this work, an integrated simultaneous distillation–extraction (ISDE) apparatus was developed. To demonstrate its feasibility, the performance of ISDE was evaluated for the extraction of essential oil from Flos Magnoliae and compared with conventional techniques including steam distillation (SD) and simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE). According to the product yield, the time consumed and the composition of oil, the essential oils isolated by ISDE were better than that obtained by SD and similar to those obtained by SDE. ISDE was also better than SDE due to its simple operation and lower consumption of energy and organic solvent. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying learning portfolios and thinking styles to adaptive remedial learning
Authors: Jong Bin‐Shyan , Chen Chien‐Ming , Chan Te‐Yi , Hsia Yen‐Teh , Lin Tsong‐Wuu
Published: July 2009

The diagnostic system proposed in this article is based on online learning portfolios. The system utilizes data mining, clustering analysis, and statistical tools for clustering students according to their online learning behaviors, learning achievements, and thinking styles. It also provides graphical time stamps for teachers to observe the online activities of students at each learning phase. By using this system, teachers can apply different remedial strategies according to the different online learning behaviors of students. The students in this study received adaptive warning messages and remedial treatments according to their individual learning situations. The results revealed that the proposed strategy can encourage students whose online learning performances are initially evaluated as good or medium and improve their online learning performances. In the case of students with poor online learning performances, this system improves not only their performances but also their learning achievements. This is achieved by continuously dispatching adaptive warning messages to the students in question. The relationship between thinking styles and online learning achievements is also considered in this study. It is indicated that a strategy of sending adaptive warning messages also works well on students with different thinking styles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 45–61, 2012
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Qi Shu‐Nan , Li Ye‐Xiong , Wang Hua , Wang Wei‐Hu , Jin Jing , Song Yong‐Wen , Wang Shu‐Lian , Liu Yue‐Ping , Zhou Li‐Qiang , Yu Zi‐Hao
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this study was to compare the clinical features and prognosis of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of Waldeyer ring (WR‐DLBCL) and patients with lymph node DLBCL (N‐DLBCL).

METHODS:

One hundred eighty‐one patients with WR‐DLBCL and N‐DLBCL were reviewed. There were 57 patients with stage I disease, 83 patients with stage II disease, 26 patients with stage III disease, and 15 patients with stage IV disease. Among them, 101 patients had primary N‐DLBCL, and 80 patients had primary WR‐DLBCL.

RESULTS:

Patients with WR‐DLBCL and N‐DLBCL usually presented at an older age and had localized disease, a low frequency of B symptoms, a good performance status, and a low‐risk International Prognostic Index (IPI) score. Compared with patients who had N‐DLBCL, patients who had WR‐DLBCL presented with more stage II disease and lower tumor burdens. The overall response rate after treatment was similar in both groups. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were 76% and 61% in patients with WR‐DLBCL, respectively, and 56% and 50% in patients with N‐DLBCL, respectively (P = .119 for OS; P = .052 for PFS). IPI scores and elevated β2‐microglobulin and LDH levels were associated with a poor prognosis for patients who had WR‐DLBCL; whereas bulky tumor, elevated β2‐microglobulin levels, and IPI scores were associated with poor OS for patients who had N‐DLBCL.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results supported the continued inclusion of WR‐DLBCL as a lymph node group in the staging of DLBCL. Patients with WR‐DLBCL had clinical features and prognosis similar to those of patients with N‐DLBCL. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.