bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The results of self-etching self-adhesive flowable composite application for primary molars fissure sealing in children
Authors: Shkhagosheva A. A. , Maslak E. E. , Fursik D. I.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. The use of light-cure sealants and flowable composites for fissure sealing in children is difficult due to the complexity of the procedure. The research aimed to study the efficiency of self-etching self-adhesive flowable composite for fissure sealing in primary molars in children.Materials and methods. The Local Ethical Committee permission and written informed voluntary consents from the parents were obtained before the study. Non-invasive fissure sealing with self-etching self-adhesive flowable composite (Constic, DMG, Germany) was performed in 48 primary molars in 48 children aged 2-5 years (mean 41.2 ± 1.3 months). After 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, the sealant’s retention (%) and frequency (%) of occlusal caries development, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The significance of the difference was assessed by the Student’s t-test.Results. After 6 and 12 months, complete sealant’s retention was revealed in 75.0% (CI 61.2-85.1%) and 60.4% (CI 46.3-73.0%) molars, p > 0.05; it decreased to 27.1% (CI 16.6-41.0%) and 18.7% (CI 10.2-31.9%), p > 0.05, after 18 and 24 months. Complete loss of the sealant was noted in 8.3-18.7% cases. The first caries lesion (2.1%, CI 0.4-10.9%) on the surface with the lost sealant was revealed after 12 months, after 24 months – 4.2% (CI 1.1-14.0%).Conclusions. In primary molars after non-invasive fissure sealing with self-etching self-adhesive flowable composite, complete loss of the sealant was from 8.3% to 18.7% after 6-24 months post-op, partial loss was from 8.3% to 31.3%. Occlusal caries was revealed in 6.3% cases after the sealant loss.
Retention period in children with crossbite
Authors: Vodolatsky V. M. , Makatov R. S.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Crossbite is a deformation of the dentoskeletal system in the horizontal (transversal) plane, and it results from a discrepancy between the width of the upper and lower dental arches in the anterior or posterior dentition.Crossbite can arise as an isolated condition, and then it is an independent de-formation of the dentoskeletal system. In some cases, a crossbite is combined with a wrong arch-to-arch relationship in the sagittal and vertical planes.The aim was to analyze the duration of the retention period in children with crossbite after the orthodontic treatment.Materials and methods. We orthodontically treated 18 children with crossbite aged 7 to 18 years. All patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 14 children from 7 to 14 years old with unilateral crossbite (right-sided – 6, left-sided – 8). Group 2 included 4 children from 9 to 18 years old with bilateral crossbite. All 18 children had a buccal crossbite. All patients underwent orthodontic treatment with removable and fixed orthodontic appliances.Results. The retention period after the orthodontic treatment of crossbite lasted 6-9 months.Conclusions. The analysis demonstrated that the retention period after the orthodontic treatment in children with crossbite averaged 6-9 months. The design characteristics of the or-thodontic appliances did not affect the duration of the retention period in children with crossbite.
Treatment of deep overbite in mixed dentition: a clinical case report
Authors: Shishmareva A. S. , Bimbas E. S. , Menshikova E. V.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Deep overbite is one of the most frequent malocclusions in children and teenagers of different ages. Distal occlusion with a deep overbite is the most common (59.6-67.6% according to the literature) in early mixed dentition. Most Russian and international authors state in their research that the severity of malocclusion increases with age. The treatment of the pathology in children is relevant due to deterioration of the deep overbite with age, worsening of functional disorders.Materials and methods. The study analyses the treatment results of a child with a deep bite using the authors’ technique.Results. The study demonstrated the advantages of the authors’ technique. The treatment allowed achieving normal dentoalveolar heights in the posterior mandible on molar and premolar eruption, establishing the correct relationship between the upper and lower dental arches that promoted harmonious development of the child’s maxillofacial area. The treatment regulated the length and width of the upper dental arch and corrected its form. The active intrusion of the lower incisors and extrusion of the lower posterior teeth were observed during the treatment. The curve of Spee was restored, and an increased overlap reduced. Occlusal contacts of posterior teeth improved, and deep overbite decreased. The technique is easy to use and allows curing 9-12-year-old children in a short period (7-10 months).Conclusions. The suggested technique treats deep overbite as well as creates conditions for the further harmonious development of the maxillofacial area. Thus, it can be recommended for the treatment in early mixed dentition.
Assessment of the drinking water quality for planning endogenic prevention of dental caries
Authors: Shashmurina A. B. , Mishutina O. L. , Shashmurina V. R.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Dental caries is a leading dental disease in children. Aim – to study the quality of drinking water in Smolensk and its region to provide evidence for implementing dental caries preventive measures in children.Materials and methods. We took tap water samples from ten water intake points in seven districts of Smolensk and six Smolensk regions. An accredited testing laboratory of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Smolensk Region carried out water chemical analysis. The study analyzed standard parameters of drinking water quality: pH 6.5-8.5, fluoride content 0.60-1.2 mg/l; water hardness 7.0-9.0 (Sanitary Regulations and Standards 2.1.4.1116-02). The parameter was considered normal if its 95% confidence interval was within the reference range.Results. In Smolensk, the hydrogen ion concentration in centralized drinking water supply systems is within normal limits and amounts to 7.39 (95% CI: 7.32-7.46; р < 0,05) pH units. The mean fluoride concentration in the Smolensk water is 0.19 (95% CI: 0.14-0.23; р < 0,05) mg/l, which is below the normal range. In most Smolensk districts, water hardness is within normal limits, 8.21 mmol/l (95% CI: 7.03-9.39; р < 0,05). However, the upper limit of the confidence interval of 9.39 mg/l and the maximum of 12.0 mg/l exceed the normal range. In the Smolensk region cities, the hydrogen ion concentration is 7.2 (95% CI: 7.02-7.38; р < 0,05) pH units in the centralized drinking water supply. The fluoride concentration in the Smolensk region water is 0.45 mg/l (95% CI: 0.23-0.68; р < 0,05), which demonstrates the fluoride deficiency in water. In the Smolensk region cities, mean water hardness is 6.66 mmol/l (95% CI: 6.00-7.03; р < 0,05), which is below the normal values. However, the CI upper limit of 7.03 mmol/l and the maximum of 7.05 mmol/l are within normal limits.Conclusions. The water of the centralized drinking water supply system in Smolensk and the Smolensk region is low in fluorides. Urgent community and individual preventive measures should be taken to expose children to fluoride.
Orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and enamel remineralization in adolescents
Authors: Saypeeva M. M. , Brusnitsyna E. V. , Bimbas E. S. , Gavrilov I. V. , Zakirov T. V. , Trubina V. A.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. The effectiveness of the new remineralizing agent PRESIDENT®PROFI REM "MINERALS GEL" was assessed at different stages of clear aligner orthodontic treatment in adolescents with reduced enamel resistance.Materials and methods. PRESIDENT®PROFI REM "MINERALS GEL" was evaluated in a one-month open, single center, non-comparative study where 20 adolescents took part (mean age 14.9 ± 1.1 years).Results. OHI-S decreased by 24.75%, PMA and ERT reduced by 44.33% and 17.11% respectively, after one month of the orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and simultaneous use of the remineralizing gel. The pH in the mixed saliva increased from 6.97 ± 0.16 to 7.69 ± 0.11, calcium went up by 48.5%, and the total antioxidant activity decreased by 29.36% (according to the mixed saliva biochemical parameters). The OHIP-14 questionnaire revealed that the quality of life decreased in 75% of adolescent patients during the orthodontic treatment with aligners due to "communication problems". The quality of life was significantly higher during the aligner treatment with simultaneous remineralizing therapy than during the conventional treatment with fixed appliances (4.25 ± 0.86 points in the aligner group versus 7.05 ± 1.16 points – the brackets group).Conclusions. The remineralizing gel PRESIDENT®PROFI REM "MINERALS GEL" has an anti-plaque and mineralizing effect. The quality of life is significantly higher during the clear aligner treatment with simultaneous remineralizing therapy than during the conventional treatment with fixed appliances.
Pembuatan Septic Tank Komunal di Desa Leppe Kec.Soropia Kab.Konawe Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Gerung Jumartin , Mauliyana Andi
Published: July 2021

Permasalahan limbah yang kian memburuk di kawasan permukiman pesisir khususnya permukiman nelayan tidak dapat tertangani secara baik. Masalah penyehatan lingkungan pemukiman khususnya pada pembuangan tinja merupakan salah satu dari berbagai masalah kesehatan yang perlu mendapatkan prioritas. Dengan kondisi rumah warga Desa Leppe yang dibangun di atas permukaan laut, wajar jika yang menjadi masalah utama di wilayah ini adalah tempat pembuangan limbah rumah tangga dan tempat Buang Air Besar (BAB). Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk membuang air besar di tempat yang layak dengan alasan tidak adanya tempat, harus difasilitasi dengan pembuatan septic tank komunal.  Wilayah Desa Leppe dipilih sebagai lokasi program dengan pertimbangan lokasi memadai untuk program sanitasi dan sebagian warganya menerapkan sanitasi yang sederhana. Tujuan program ini adalah meningkatkan akses sanitasi dan pemahaman warga untuk menggunakan dan memelihara sarana sanitasi (septic tank komunal dan sambungan rumah) yang dibangun, membangun sarana sanitasi untuk warga, mengurangi BAB sembarangan dan penerapan PHBS serta meningkatkan derajat kesehatan lingkungan di wilayah tersebut.  Metode yang dilakukan untuk menentukan prioritas masalah dalam pengabdian ini yakni dengan menggunakan Metode CARL yang merupakan suatu teknik atau cara yang digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas suatu masalah apabila data yang tersedia adalah data kualitatif. Metode ini dilakukan dengan menentukan skor atas kriteria tertentu.  Dari pengabdian yang dilakukan, berhasil dibangun septic tank komunal yang dapat dimanfaatkan dua hingga tiga rumah warga. Daerahnya yang berbeda dengan daratan membuat pembangunan septic tank komunal ini disesuaikan dengan lingkungan warga dan memastikan tinja tidak lagi mengotori lingkungan warga.
Pembuatan Septic Tank Komunal Solusi Kesehatan Bagi Masyarakat Pesisir Desa Bokori Kecamatan Soropia
Authors: Saparina Titi , Ali Leniarti
Published: July 2021

Data yang diperoleh dari kantor Kecamatan Soropia bahwa Kepala Keluarga yang memiliki Jamban di Desa Bokori hanya berjumlah 38 KK dari total KK 85 KK yang artinya lebih dari 50% KK tidak memiliki jamban sehingga Masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan pesisir tersebut membuang tinjanya langsung ke laut. Untuk meminimalisir dampak dari pembuangan tinja ke laut diperlukan solusi yang efektif, mudah diimplementasikan serta mudah untuk mengelola pembuangan tinja bagi masyarakat pesisir dan mengingat kondisi kawasan pesisir yang landai, berpasir dan sangat mudah terendam, diperlukan teknik khusus dalam membuat septic tank yakni penerapan Teknologi Tepat Gua berupa septic tank komunal. Permasalahan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu Masih rendahnya kesadaran dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya buang air besar menggunakan jamban  dan septic tank, masyarakat belum mengetahui manfaat penggunaan septic tank komunal sebagai salah satu solusi buang air besar secara sehat. Dan masyarakat belum mengetahui tata cara pembuatan Teknologi tepat guna berupa septic tank komunal. Adapun solusi yang dapat ditawarkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan Kesadaran serta pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya buang air besar menggunakan jamban dan tangki septik, memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang dampak buang air besar sembarangan dan mengetahui septik tank komunal dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi buang air besar sembarangan di daerah pesisir serta melakukan Demostrasi Plot (Demplot) Pembuatan Septik Tank Komunal.
PKM Gerakan Masyarakat Cermat Cerdas Menggunakan Obat (Gema Cermat) di SMK Negeri 4 Kendari
Authors: Dewi Citra , Siharis Fatma Sari , Hasanuddin Silviana , Lolok Nikeherpianti , Isrul Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Salah satu upaya pembangunan kesehatan pada setiap fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan untuk mencapai standar keselamatan pasien dengan penggunaan obat rasional. Kendala yang dihadapi untuk mencapai pelayanan kesehatan yang aman dan bermutu karena kurangnya informasi penggunaan obat yang diberikan oleh tenaga kesehatan baik itu kurangnya kepatuhan terhadap pengunaan obat yang diresepkan, ataupun banyaknya masyarakat yang menggunakan obat tanpa resep/pengobatan sendiri (swamedikasi). Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini diharapkan memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang penggunaan obat rasional sekaligus sosialisasi program pemerintah Gerakan Masyarakat Cerdas Menggunakan Obat di SMK Negeri 4 Kendari. Metode pengabdian dilakukan dengan cara memberikan penyuluhan sekaligus lomba kuis tentang materi penyuluhan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pemahaman tentang penyuluhan yang disajikan. Hasil dari pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat khususnya di tingkat Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) 4 Negeri Kendari, sehingga tidak salah dalam penggunaan obat maupun untuk penyimpan obat-obatan. Pelaksanaan penyuluhan sebagai salah satu program pengabdian kepada masyarakat telah terlaksana dengan baik dan mendapatkan respon yang baik serta sangat antusias mengikuti penyuluhan dari para peserta dengan memberikan pertanyaan tentang penggunaan obat yang rasional serta cara penyimpanan dan pembuangan obat yang baik dan benar.
Statistically optimized adsorption of Pb(II) ion on Corn Husk activated carbon – An application of Response Surface Method
Authors: WASİM Agha Arslan , NASIRUDDIN KHAN Muhammad , FAZAL-UR-REHAMAN Saba
Published: July 2021

In this study, the Response Surface Method statistically optimized Pb(II) adsorption on activated carbon prepared using corn husk. The full central composite design was the statistical method selected for optimization using adsorption capacity as a response factor. The quadratic model best explained the process. Adsorption parameters optimized were solution pH, contact time, temperature, and adsorbent dose. The respective optimum values were 4.5, 64 min, 50°C, and 0.4 g L-1. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies evaluated the data obtained at different temperatures using different isotherm and kinetics models. The non-linear curve fitting method determined the model with the best fit. Freundlich’s model best accommodated the isotherm data, whereas the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best modeled the kinetics data. Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion model revealed the existence of multiple rate-controlling processes. The activation energy for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions was 30.17 kJ mol-1. The thermodynamics studies showed that the process was an entropy-driven endothermic process. Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) values were negative at the studied temperatures, and the spontaneity increased with the increase in temperature. The enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) was 43.78 kJ mol-1 and 154.2 J mol K-1. The study concluded that the statistical method simplified the optimization of the adsorption process and produced an efficient adsorbent from corn husk.
Pre and Post Effects on Schooling Due to Covid-19
Authors: Sahu Ruchi , Jain Jay Kumar
Published: July 2021

This project will show that how activities that done by the school is important for the new learners. This stored all the activities of school that enhance the development of each child towards their career after Covid impact. Involvement in cocurricular Activities helps student become tougher and avoid mental health issues. There is a lack of such activities which will enhance the knowledge of child with Covid precautions and if parents want to develop their child’s knowledge in technology and also for online activities, So there is not such platform where they can do all this without misusing the technology in unawareness also if parents wants to polish their interest, so that, they can think to make a career in it. So, how can they analyse that whatever the school will be able to do it or not, without visiting each school due to Covid 19. we will mention the facilities, activities, skills and international activities, events, to do using technology, etc. in the project. This project will have own interface/platform for online activities for students so that they could not misuse the technology. There is some online activities (Activities From Home) in Project that can be done while making some social - distance because of Covid. This project can increase efficiency of skill development and career opportunities from their interest in respective activity or skill. Managing the impact of COVID-19 on education systems without losing required knowledge for students via Incredible school activity as well.
NARKOTIKŲ VARTOTOJŲ MIRTINGUMAS LIETUVOJE (KOHORTINIS TYRIMAS)
Authors: Stukas Rimantas , Beržanskytė Aušra , Dobrovolskij Valerij , Ignatavičiūtė Lina , Jasaitis Ernestas
Published: July 2021

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti narkotinių ir psichotropinių medžiagų vartotojų mirtingumą Lietuvoje ir išanalizuoti mirčių priežastis.

Medžiaga ir tyrimo metodai. Atliktas perspektyvinis kohortinis tyrimas (angl. prospective study). Tyrimo tikslinė grupė – Lietuvos Respublikos piliečiai, kurie 2017 m. kreipėsi į Lietuvos asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigas dėl psichikos ir elgesio sutrikimų, kai vartoja narkotines ir psichotropines medžiagas. Tyrimo duomenų šaltiniai: Elektroninės sveikatos paslaugų ir bendradarbiavimo infrastruktūros informacinė sistema (e. sveikata). Papildomas duomenų apie asmenų narkotikų vartojimą šaltinis – asmenų, kurie kreipiasi į asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigas dėl psichikos ir elgesio sutrikimų, kai vartoja narkotines ir psichotropines medžiagas, stebėsenos informacinė sistema. Tyrimo rezultatų standartizavimo procedūrai atlikti naudojama kontrolinė kohorta – Europos standartinė populiacija.

Rezultatai ir išvados. Kohortinio narkotikų vartotojų Lietuvoje mirtingumo tyrimo tiriamąją populiaciją sudarė 231 asmuo, iš jų 179 vyrai ir 52 moterys. Tiriamuoju laikotarpiu (2018–2020 m.) analizuota 14 tyrimo dalyvių mirčių atvejų: devyni atvejai vyrų ir penki moterų. Tai sudarė 6,1 proc. visų įtrauktų į tyrimą dalyvių – 5,0 proc. visų įtrauktų vyrų ir 9,6 proc. įtrauktų moterų, santykis 1,9 karto. Daugiausia mirusių tiriamųjų (9 asm., 64 proc.) buvo registruoti dėl psichikos ir elgesio sutrikimų, vartojant opioidus. Bendras mirusiųjų amžiaus vidurkis – 36,4 metų, vyrų – 38,2 metų, moterų – 33,2 metų (palyginimui vyrų vidutinė tikėtina gyvenimo trukmė Lietuvoje 2019 m. buvo 71,5 metų, o moterų – 81 metai). Per visą tyrimo laikotarpį Lietuvos tirtos kohortos mirtingumas buvo 19,7/1000 asm. Standartizavus pagal amžių, standartu imant Europos populiaciją, mirtingumas 21,9/1000 asmens metų, vyrų – 13,3/1000 asmens metų, moterų 30,5/1000 asmens metų.
ŠARLIO BONĖ (CHARLES BONNET) SINDROMAS
Authors: Kaukėnaitė Ieva , Etneris Ignas , Liutkevičienė Rasa
Published: July 2021

Šarlio Bonė (Charles Bonnet) sindromas (CBS) yra būklė, kurios metu sutrikusio regėjimo žmonės, būdami sveikos psichikos, patiria regos haliucinacijas (RH). Pasitaiko gydytojų, kurie nėra girdėję apie šį sindromą, o juo sergantys pacientai apie patiriamus simptomus nelinkę pranešti sveikatos priežiūros specialistams. Tyrimo tikslas – apžvelgti CBS patogenezę, epidemiologiją, klinikinį pasireiškimą bei diagnostikos ir gydymo galimybes. Mokslinių straipsnių, susijusių su šios literatūros apžvalgos tema, paieška buvo atlikta PubMed (Medline), ScienceDirect, SpringerLink mokslinėse duomenų bazėse. Mechanizmai, lemiantys RH pasireiškimą CBS metu, nėra aiškūs. Remiantis deaferencijos teorija, regėjimo sutrikimo metu aferentiniai impulsai nepasiekia neuronų regimojoje žievėje, todėl padidėja jų jautrumas spontaniniams aktyvumo svyravimams, dėl kurių gali pasireikšti RH. CBS pasireiškia 5,7-18,8 proc. asmenų, turinčių regėjimo sutrikimą. Akių liga, kuria sergant CBS nustatomas dažniausiai, yra amžinė geltonosios dėmės degeneracija (AGDD). Nėra aiškiai nustatytų CBS diagnostinių kriterijų, tačiau jis dažniausiai diagnozuojamas esant regėjimo sutrikimui ir suformuotų RH pasireiškimui, esant visiškam arba daliniam suvokimui, kad matomi vaizdai nėra tikri. Diagnozuojant CBS turėtų būti atmestos kitos priežastys, galinčios sukelti RH. Įrodymais pagrįstų CBS gydymo rekomendacijų nėra, tačiau regėjimo sutrikimą sukėlusios priežasties korekcija ir medikamentinis gydymas gali būti naudingi simptomų mažinimui. Svarbu padėti pacientui suprasti, kad pasireiškianti būklė nėra grėsminga ir tokiu būdu sumažinti patiriamą baimę bei nerimą. Dažniausiai CBS praeina savaime, nesant intervencijų poreikio.
SERGANČIŲJŲ IŠEMINE ŠIRDIES LIGA IR ŠIRDIES NEPAKANKAMUMU FIZINIO AKTYVUMO YPATUMAI
Authors: Sauliūnaitė Kristina
Published: July 2021

Tikslas – atrinkti ir išanalizuoti mokslinius straipsnius apie sergančiųjų išemine širdies liga ir širdies nepakankamumu fizinio aktyvumo ypatumus. Tyrimo metodas – sisteminė literatūros apžvalga. Mokslinių publikacijų paieška atlikta naudojantis PubMed paieškos sistema elektroninėje Medline duomenų bazėje. Atrinkti straipsniai parašyti anglų kalba.

Rezultatai. Sergantiesiems išemine širdies liga arba širdies nepakankamumu fizinio krūvio metu rekomenduojama stebėti, ar fizinis krūvis nesukelia nepageidaujamų reiškinių. Siekiant nustatyti pacientų klinikinį įvertinimą, reikia atlikti fizinio krūvio tyrimus, echokardioskopiją bei diagnostinį ištyrimą. Svarbu įvertinti, kuriai kardiovaskulinės ligos rizikos grupei priskiriamas pacientas. Pagal individualius paciento fizinio pajėgumo rodiklius parenkamas treniruočių intensyvumas.

Išvados. Sergantieji IŠL, kurių didelė fizinio krūvio sukeliamų nepageidaujamų reiškinių arba nuolatinės išemijos rizika, gali dalyvauti tokio intensyvumo laisvalaikio sporte, kuris būtų mažesnis už krūtinės anginos ir išemijos slenksčius. Kliniškai stabilūs ligoniai, sergantys ŠN su sumažėjusia KS išstūmio frakcija (<40%), gali atlikti individualiai pritaikytus pratimus ir dalyvauti mažo ar vidutinio intensyvumo rekreaciniame sporte.
EMERGENCE DELIRIUM IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: Patapavičiūtė Greta , Lukošienė Laura , Razlevičė Ilona , Macas Andrius
Published: July 2021

Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is described as a transient state of cognitive disturbance and psychomotor agitation, which begins with emergence from anesthesia and continues through the early recovery period. The incidence of ED in the pediatric population remains unclear and ranges from 10 to 80%. The pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms of ED are also uncertain. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ED, potential risk factors that may contribute to the development of ED and observe behaviour changes related to ED in the late postoperative period. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out with children aged 1 to 12 years. The child’s behaviour before anesthesia was evaluated using the Pediatric Anesthesia Behavior (PAB) score. Medications used during the perioperative period were registered. The Watcha scale was used to evaluate if children developed ED and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to register pain intensity during the first 15 minutes after the awakening. Parents of patients who experienced agitation were asked to assess their child’s behaviour two weeks after the anesthesia. Results: Among 136 observed patients 24 (17.6%) had ED. The duration of anesthesia among ED experienced patients was 45.42 (SD 18.35) min and it was significantly shorter than among children who didn’t develop ED – 60 (SD 29.03) min, p = 0.016. Eighteen (15.5%) patients in a mild pain group (VAS 0 to 3) experienced ED while in a moderate-25 severe pain group (VAS 4-10) there were 6 (37.5%) children who developed ED, p=0.033. However, age, the American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification (ASA) class, surgery type, behaviour before anesthesia induction and perioperative medications were not associated with ED. Conclusions: The prevalence of ED observed during our study, short duration of anesthesia and postoperative pain association with ED coincided with the results specified by other researchers. ED associated behavior changes were reported in the late postoperative period. Our other findings appeared to be not consistent with the results reported in other studies. Thus, the dilemma of ED still remains unresolved.
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF COVID-19 REPORTING AND DATA SYSTEM IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF BILATERAL PNEUMONIA DIAGNOSTIC
Authors: Kulnickaitė Ugnė , Dobrovaitė Laura , Grigaitė Kamilė , Jukna Edvardas
Published: July 2021

Background: the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) has spread at an astonishing speed across the world, causing major morbidity and mortality. Computed tomography (CT) examination plays an important role in crisis areas in the diagnosis of COVID-19. COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) has a five-point scale of suspicion for COVID-19 pneumonia in chest CT picture which standardizes the evaluation scheme and simplifies reporting.

Aim: to summarise and present the role of COVID-19 Reporting and Data System in computed tomography of bilateral pneumonia diagnostic.

Materials and methods: recently published studies were reviewed to evaluate COVID-19 Reporting and Data System scale as effective tool to detect COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT scans. Databases from the subscription list of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences were selected: Medline (PubMed), SpringerLink and ScienceDirect.

Results: chest CT features, as bilateral involvement, subpleural or peripherally distributed GGO, consolidation, reticulation, crazy paving pattern, air bronchogram signs, intralobular septal thickening, pulmonary vascular enlargement, are considered to be characteristic manifestations of COVID-19 infection. Studies show that Dutch Radiological Society presented CO-RADS scale sensitivity and specificity may vary from 61-88% and 66,4-98%, respectively.

Conclusion: chest CT scan has a high sensitivity for COVID-19 diagnosis and could reduce false negative results obtained from RT-PCR tests. Furthermore, a standardized reporting system could increase clarification, minimize reporting variability and help radiologists recognize the results they observe, especially, for less experienced specialists.
MELDONIUMAS KARDIOVASKULINIŲ IR NEUROLOGINIŲ LIGŲ BEI CUKRINIO DIABETO GYDYMUI
Authors: Maksvytytė Šarūnė , Šerpytis Pranas
Published: July 2021

Meldoniumas (farmacinis vaisto pavadinimas – mildronatas) – tai veiklioji medžiaga, mažinanti L-karnitino koncentraciją kraujo plazmoje ir audiniuose, pasižyminti metabolizmą moduliuojančiu efektu. Dėl fizinį pajėgumą didinančio poveikio šis vaistas pasaulinės dopingo agentūros įrašytas į draudžiamųjų medžiagų sąrašą. Šiuo metu vienintelė Lietuvoje registruojama terapinė meldoniumo indikacija – papildomas lengvo lėtinio širdies nepakankamumo gydymas. Meldoniumo farmakologinės savybės ir galimas potencialas gydant įvairias ligas kol kas ištyrinėtas nepakankamai, todėl pastaruoju metu dėl savo veikimo ypatumų šis vaistas kelia vis didesnį mokslininkų susidomėjimą. Šiame straipsnyje aptariamas meldoniumo veikimo mechanizmas, jo farmakologinės savybės, maistiniai šaltiniai ir detekcijos metodai, nagrinėjama literatūra, aprašanti vaisto poveikį kardiovaskulinei, nervų, endokrinologinei sistemoms. Literatūros apžvalgai naudoti 2016-2021 m. straipsniai. Remiantis atlikta apžvalga, pastebėta, kad meldoniumas turi teigiamą poveikį kardiovaskulinei ir nervų sistemoms; ilgalaikis šio vaisto vartojimas susijęs su antidiabetiniu efektu; meldoniumas mažina uždegiminių ir su tromboze susijusių žymenų koncentraciją COVID-19 infekcija sergančių pacientų kraujyje.
ŪMUS PANKREATITAS. ETIOLOGIJA, DIAGNOSTIKA IR PRADINIS GYDYMAS
Authors: Rimkus Juozas
Published: July 2021

Ūmus pankreatitas yra kasos uždegimas. Tai nenuspėjama ir potencialiai mirtina liga. Nors daugumai pacientų pasireiškia lengvas ūmus pankreatitas, iki 20-30 proc. atvejų jis gali būti vidutinio sunkumo ar sunkus, nuo kurio mirštamumas siekia 15-17 procentų. Tyrimo tikslas − susipažinti su ūmaus pankreatito etiologija, diagnostika ir gydymu. Literatūros paieška atlikta PubMed, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar duomenų bazėse. Naudoti raktažodžiai: acute pancreatitis, treatment, diagnosis, etiology. Iš viso atrinkta ir išanalizuota 15 publikacijų, paskelbtų 2015-2021 metų laikotarpiu. Tyrimo rezultatai. Dažniausia ūmaus pankreatito priežastis yra tulžies pūslės akmenligė ar ilgalaikis gausus alkoholio vartojimas. Etiologija gali skirtis priklausomai nuo šalies ar regiono. Ūmiam pankreatitui diagnozuoti reikalinga tipiška klinika, padidėjęs kasos fermentų (amilazės ir (ar) lipazės) kiekis kraujo serume ir ūmiam pankreatitui būdingi radiologinių tyrimų radiniai. Pradiniam gydymui svarbiausia tinkama skysčių terapija, kurios adekvatumas vertinamas pagal gyvybinių parametrų reikšmes, hematokritą ir šlapimo kiekį. Kadangi skausmas yra labai būdingas ūmaus pankreatito požymis, reikalingas tinkamas nuskausminimas, vadovaujantis Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos skausmo malšinimo pakopomis. Jei nepatenkinamas energijos poreikis, enterinį maitinimą pradėti praėjus 72 val. nuo simptomų pradžios. Tolesnis ūmaus pankreatito gydymas priklauso nuo ligos etiologijos ir komplikacijų.
SPROGDINTINIAI IR ŠAUTINIAI PLAŠTAKOS IR RIEŠO SUŽALOJIMAI: 6 METŲ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Kievišas Mantas , Paškevičius Rokas , Braziulis Kęstutis
Published: July 2021

Sprogdintiniai ir šautiniai riešo ir plaštakos sužalojimai Lietuvoje mažai analizuota tema, nors ji ypač aktuali, nes sutrikus ar visiškai netekus plaštakos funkcijos, labia suprastėja žmogaus gyvenimo kokybė ir darbingumas. Šalyje sprogdintiniai plaštakos sužalojimai pasitaiko ženkliai dažniau, nei šautiniai. Pagrindinė sprogdintinių sužalojimų priežastis – neatsargus ir neatsakingas pirotechnikos gaminių naudojimas. Straipsnyje apžvelgiami 6 metų Lietuvos ir Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikose (LSMUL KK) gydytų pacientų, patyrusių sprogdintines ir šautines plaštakos traumas, statistiniai duomenys, aptariami sužalojimo masto dėsningumai.
Character Training as a Prophylactic to Leadership-Followership Divergence in Nigeria’s Quest for Peace and Development.
Authors: Akinyemi LALEYE, Solomon
Published: July 2021

There has been proliferation of concerns on political leadership in most sub-Saharan Africa. Scholars have unequivocally identified nepotism, greed, ethnicity, religious chauvinism, and corruption of the leaders as the bane of development. In contradistinction, successive leaders have accused the followers of exhibiting unpatriotic attitudes to policies consciously designed to facilitate societal peace and development. These divergent opinions are the secondary catalyst that hinders the positive transformation of African society. Primarily, is the neglect of shared moral values by both the leaders and the led. The fundamental task of this paper, therefore, is how the disjuncture in value orientation between the leaders and the followers can be forestalled and meaningful development enhanced. Also, to identify ways by which the visions of the leaders and the aspirations of the followers can be reconciled to achieve the desired transformation. The paper argues for the cultivation of core moral values of trust, honesty, transparency, concerns for others, justice and, active participation in governance. In achieving this, effective character training at all levels of the society’s moral infrastructure is necessary. The paper recognizes the inherent difficulties in achieving this goal among the untrainable elders and aged ones hence, the prescription of sanctions on deviants. The paper adopts the analytic and prescriptive approaches of the qualitative method of research to clarify relevant terms and to recommend that, the ethical leaders and followers required for the development of African society are better achieved through character training that focuses on core moral values and civic participation of both the leaders and followers.
SALAD: An Exploration of Split Active Learning based Unsupervised Network Data Stream Anomaly Detection using Autoencoders
Authors: Nixon Christopher , Sedky Mohamed , Hassan Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Machine learning based intrusion detection systems monitor network data streams for cyber attacks. Challenges in this space include detection of unknown attacks, adaptation to changes in the data stream such as changes in underlying behaviour, the human cost of labeling data to retrain the machine learning model and the processing and memory constraints of a real-time data stream. Failure to manage the aforementioned factors could result in missed attacks, degraded detection performance, unnecessary expense or delayed detection times. This research evaluated autoencoders, a type of feed-forward neural network, as online anomaly detectors for network data streams. The autoencoder method was combined with an active learning strategy to further reduce labeling cost and speed up training and adaptation times, resulting in a proposed Split Active Learning Anomaly Detector (SALAD) method. The proposed method was evaluated with the NSL-KDD, KDD Cup 1999, and UNSW-NB15 data sets, using the scikit-multiflow framework. Results demonstrated that a novel Adaptive Anomaly Threshold method, combined with a split active learning strategy offered superior anomaly detection performance with a labeling budget of just 20%, significantly reducing the required human expertise to annotate the network data. Processing times of the autoencoder anomaly detector method were demonstrated to be significantly lower than traditional online learning methods, allowing for greatly improved responsiveness to attacks occurring in real time. Future research areas are applying unsupervised threshold methods, multi-label classification, sample annotation, and hybrid intrusion detection.
SALAD: An Exploration of Split Active Learning based Unsupervised Network Data Stream Anomaly Detection using Autoencoders
Authors: Nixon Christopher , Sedky Mohamed , Hassan Mohamed , Champion Justin
Published: July 2021

Machine learning based intrusion detection systems monitor network data
streams for cyber attacks. Challenges in this space include detection of
unknown attacks, adaptation to changes in the data stream such as
changes in underlying behaviour, the human cost of labeling data to
retrain the machine learning model and the processing and memory
constraints of a real-time data stream. Failure to manage the
aforementioned factors could result in missed attacks, degraded
detection performance, unnecessary expense or delayed detection times.
This research evaluated autoencoders, a type of feed-forward neural
network, as online anomaly detectors for network data streams. The
autoencoder method was combined with an active learning strategy to
further reduce labeling cost and speed up training and adaptation times,
resulting in a proposed Split Active Learning Anomaly Detector (SALAD)
method. The proposed method was evaluated with the NSL-KDD, KDD Cup
1999, and UNSW-NB15 data sets, using the scikit-multiflow framework.
Results demonstrated that a novel Adaptive Anomaly Threshold method,
combined with a split active learning strategy offered superior anomaly
detection performance with a labeling budget of just 20%, significantly
reducing the required human expertise to annotate the network data.
Processing times of the autoencoder anomaly detector method were
demonstrated to be significantly lower than traditional online learning
methods, allowing for greatly improved responsiveness to attacks
occurring in real time. Future research areas are applying unsupervised
threshold methods, multi-label classification, sample annotation, and
hybrid intrusion detection.
Average Transmission Rate and Outage Performance of Relay-Assisted Satellite Hybrid FSO/RF Systems
Authors: Nguyen Thang
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes a rate adaptation design for
high altitude platform (HAP)-aided relaying satellite hybrid
free-space optical/radio-frequency (FSO/RF) systems. The design
allows switching between two links gradually to reduce the fre-
quent link switching in error-prone environments of conventional
fixed-rate hybrid FSO/RF systems. System performance metrics,
including average transmission rate and outage probability, are
analytically studied under the presence of clouds and fading of
FSO and RF channels modeled respectively by Gamma-Gamma
and Rician distributions. The numerical results quantitatively
highlight the effectiveness of our proposed systems over the
conventional ones. Moreover, Monte-Carlo simulations are also
performed to validate the accuracy of the analytical model.
The e-Dimensionality of Genetic Information
Authors: Kak Subhash
Published: July 2021

This paper provides an explanation for why the assignment of codons to amino acids, which range from 1 to 6, is non-uniform. Since mathematical coding theory demands a near uniform assignment, the answer to this question is important to understand deeper aspects of the structure of the genetic code. Our analysis points to 20 different covering regions in an e-dimensional information space, which is equal to the number of amino acids. It is also shown that the assignment of the codons to the amino acids is fractal-like that is well modeled by the Zipf distribution. It is remarkable that the Zipf distribution that holds for the letter frequencies of words in a language also applies to the rank order of triplets the code for amino acids.
An Exposition of Fractional Spurs Resulting From Nonlinear Distortion
Authors: Donnelly Yann , Kennedy Michael Peter
Published: July 2021

The interaction between quantization noise intro-duced by the divider controller and memoryless nonlinearities in a fractional-N PLL causes fractional spurs to occur. This paper presents a comprehensive theory to explain why combinations of quantizers and memoryless nonlinearities produce fractional spurs. Necessary and sufficient conditions for spur-free behavior in the presence of an arbitrary memoryless nonlinearity or linear combinations of sets of arbitrary memoryless nonlinearities are derived. Finally, an upper limit on the number of nonlinearities for which a quantizer can exhibit spur-free performance is derived.
Adaptive Multisensor Acquisition via Spatial Contextual Information for Compressive Spectral Image Classification
Authors: Diaz Nelson , Marcos Juan , Vera Esteban , Arguello Henry
Published: July 2021

Spectral image classification uses the huge amount of information provided by spectral images to identify objects in the scene of interest. In this sense, spectral images typically contain redundant information that is removed in later processing stages. To overcome this drawback, compressive spectral imaging (CSI) has emerged as an alternative acquisition approach that captures the relevant information using a reduced number of measurements. Various methods that classify spectral images from compressive projections have been recently reported whose measurements are captured by non-adaptive, or adaptive schemes discarding any contextual information that may help to reduce the number of captured projections. In this paper, an adaptive compressive acquisition method for spectral image classification is proposed. In particular, we adaptively design coded aperture patterns for a dual-arm CSI acquisition architecture, where the first system obtains compressive multispectral projections and the second arm registers compressive hyperspectral snapshots. The proposed approach exploits the spatial contextual information captured by the multispectral arm to design the coding patterns such that subsequent snapshots acquire the scene's complementary information improving the classification performance. Results of extensive simulations are shown for two state-of-the-art databases: Pavia University and Indian Pines. Furthermore, an experimental setup that performs the adaptive sensing was built to test the performance of the proposed approach on a real data set. The proposed approach exhibits superior performance with respect to other methods that classify spectral images from compressive measurements.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS CACING TANAH, KOTORAN SAPI DAN EM4 TERHADAP PENGOMPOSAN SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU JATI
Authors:   Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Mufti Aulia , Harliyanti Putri , Lisafitri Yuni
Published: July 2021

Di Kota Metro, Provinisi Lampung banyak terdapat limbah serbuk gergaji kayu jati. Hal tersebut dikarenakan semakin berkembangnya kerajinan kayu. Seringkali penanganan Limbah serbuk gergaji kayu jati dilakukan dengan cara di bakar. Hal itu akan menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan seperti pencemaran udara. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi limbah serbuk gergaji yaitu dengan cara pengomposan. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan variasi perlakuan V1: 0,5 kg serbuk gergaji + 0,5 kg kotoran sapi + 500 ml air, V2 : 0,5 kg serbuk gergaji + 0,5 kg kotoran sapi + 500 ml air + 0,25 kg Cacing, V3 : 0,5 kg serbuk gergaji + 0,5 kg kotoran sapi + 500 ml air + 0,25 kg Cacing + 10 ml EM4, V4 : 0,5 kg serbuk gergaji + 0,5 kg kotoran sapi + 500 ml air + 0,25 kg Cacing + 15 ml EM4. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Variasi perlakuan kompos yang paling efektif adalah perlakuan V2 dengan penambahan cacing dengan nilai C/N rasio, pH, suhu, dan warna sudah sesuai dengan standar SNI 19-7030-2004. Penambahan cacing dan dekomposer EM4 berpengaruh terhadap perubahan suhu, pH, warna dan C/N Rasio, hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil pengujian yang berbeda-beda pada setiap perlakuan
STRATEGI PERBAIKAN PRODUKSI KEMEJA DI UMKM KONVEKSI
Authors:   Program Studi Teknik Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Pancasila, Sundari Anggina , Jwalita Yonata ,   Program Studi Teknik Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Pancasila, Rimantho Dino ,   Program Studi Teknik Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Pancasila, Hidayah Nur ,   Program Studi Teknik Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Pancasila
Published: July 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 memiliki dampak besar terhadap perekonomian negara, salah satunya adalah UMKM. UMKM konveksi merupakan salah satu sektor yang paling terkena dampak, adanya penurunan laba, pengurangan karyawan serta tidak sedikit yang pailit. Hal ini bisa dihindari salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan penjaminan kualitas. Salah satu metode penjaminan kualitas adalah metode PDCA, penelitian ini hanya berfokus pada tahapan Plan dari PDCA. Tahapan plan terdiri dari identifikasi jenis cacat, identifikasi proses apakah terkendali secara statistic, dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi dan analisis faktor penyebab dengan menggunakan Fishbone, CFME dan FMEA serta membuat usulan perbaikan menggunakan 5W1H. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan, jenis cacat terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah jahitan tidak rapi sebesar 38,75%, kancing terlepas sebesar 36,25% dan kerutan sebesar 15%. Dimana faktor penyebab terdiri dari metode, mesin, material dan manusia. Faktor penyebab yang memiliki resiko tertinggi adalah kesalahan pada proses menjahit yang diakibatkan karena belum adanya instruksi kerja yang diterapkan dengan nilai RPN 729. Usulan perbaikan dilakukan menggunakan 5W1H dan didapatkan usulan perbaikan berupa rencana pembuatan instruksi kerja atau SOP dan membuat jadwal maintenance.
ANALISIS METODE PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH ORGANIK MENGGUNAKAN LARVA BLACK SOLDIER FLY
Authors:   Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Sumatera,, Mufti Aulia
Published: July 2021

Berdasrkan komposisinya sampah padat perkotaan di Indonesia merupakan sampah organik dengan presentase sekitar 70% dan sampah anorganik sekitar 28%, sisanya adalah sampah B3 yang pengolahannya dilakukan secara khusus. Pengolahan sampah organik dapat dilakukan menggunakan bantuan larva BSF agar proses pengolahannya lebih cepat dan efisien. Dalam mengolah sampah organik menggunakan larva BSF terdapat banyak metode yang digunakan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisi metode-metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengolah sampah organik menggunakan larva BSF. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah systematic review. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan dalam mengolah sampah organik menggunakan larva BSF terdapat dua metode yaitu sistem terbuka dan sistem tertutup. Sistem terbuka dapat digunakan untuk mengolah sampah dengan kapasitas kecil hingga menengah sedangkan sistem tertutup dapat dingunakan untuk mengolah sampah dengan kapasitas menenga ke besar. Jika akan memilih metode untuk mengolah sampah menggunakan larva BSF dapat mempertimbangkan kekurangan dan kelebihan dari masing-masing metode
Nephroprotective effect of novel oral sugar-reducing medicines: glyflosins
Authors: Zverev Ya. F. , Rykunova A. Ya.
Published: July 2021

The review is devoted to the consideration of the nephroprotective effect and its mechanisms in new hypoglycemic drugs gliflozins, identified in largescale randomized placebo-controlled trials and experimental studies. It was found that inhibition of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the proximal tubules of the kidneys when using these drugs not only leads to a decrease in blood glucose levels, a decrease in blood pressure, body weight, and uric acid content in blood plasma but also delays the progression of chronic kidney disease, inhibiting the development of diabetic nephropathy. This beneficial effect is multifactorial. It is caused by the diuretic and natriuretic effects, a decrease in albuminuria, a decrease in glucotoxicity in the cells of the renal tubules, a hemodynamic effect on kidney function, and a direct anti-inflammatory effect. It is discussed why the use of SGLT2 inhibitors restores tubuloglomerular feedback, which is disrupted in the initial period of diabetic nephropathy and leads to hyperfiltration in the remaining nephrons. Information is provided on the restoration of impaired mitochon drial function due to the positive effect of drugs on the ionic composition of renal tubule cells. This greatly contributes to the enhancement of autophagy, the lysosome-mediated pathway of degradation and removal of damaged organelles, and normalizes intracellular homeostasis. The probable mechanism of autophagy enhancement through increased activity of energy deprivation sensors of AMPK and SIRT1 cells is considered. Possible mechanisms of development of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action of SGLT2 inhibitors through inhibition of inflammasome activity are discussed. The question of the possible use of gliflozins in chronic kidney disease, the pathogenesis of which is not associated with diabetes mellitus, is considered.