bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study the Iron Environments of the Steel Waste Product and its Possible Potential Applications in Ferrites
Authors: Azis Ra'ba'ah Syahidah , Hashim Mansor , Saiden Norlaily Mohd , Daud Noruzaman , Shahrani N.M.M.
Published: June 2015

In this project, the permanent magnets ferrites have been prepared by recycle the steel waste product. Steel waste is an impure material that contains the iron oxides and impurities. The steel waste product is a form of flakes is grinding for several hours to form a fine powder. The iron oxides powders are separated from magnetic and non-magnetic particle using magnetic particle separation. The magnetic particles was again been purified by using the Curie temperature separation. The magnetic powder carried out from the purification was heated at 500 °C for 6 hours at 6 °C/ mins to form hematite, Fe2O3. The constitute amount of BaCO3 and Fe2O3 derived by steel waste product are mixed by using mechanical alloying to prepare the barium hexaferrites (BaFe12O19). The samples were sintered at different temperature 600/800/1000/1200 °C for 6 hours at 6 °C/ mins. The composition of FeO, Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 of the steel waste product was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX). The crystallography of sample is observed by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Microstructure of samples was carried out by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The saturation magnetization, Curie temperature and density are also observed. The results show the purification process yields high purity of hematite, Fe2O3. The common characteristics of the steel waste product are its low cost, availability and thus the potential for large production volumes, need for recycling, and tendency to further oxidation in the production of ferrites.
Electrical Conductivity and Structural Studies on the Binary Solid State Li2WO4-LiI-Al2O3 Electrolyte
Authors: Omar M.K. , Rusop Mohamad , Ahmad Azizah Hanom
Published: June 2015

The binary solid electrolyte Li2WO4-LiI with incorporation of nanosize Al2O3 was prepared in solid state reaction and characterized by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Maximum electrical conductivity of 3.35x10-3 Scm-1 was recorded for the sample containing 20 wt. % of LiI. Enhancement of electrical conductivity up to 5.8x10-3Scm-1 was achieved when 0.5 wt. % of Al2O3 was added into the optimum composition of the binary Li2WO4-LiI system. Tetrahedral structure of WO4 that appear at wave number of 906 cm-1 and 955 cm-1 in the FTIR spectroscopy confirmed. The existence of conducting pathway for migrations of Li ions in system that contributes to high electrical conductivity.
Surface Morphology of Herbal Prepared Using Nanotechnology
Authors: Nadzirah A.S. , Rusop Mohammad , Abdul Latif I.
Published: June 2015

Herb have been the basis of traditional medicines throughout the world for thousands of years and continue to provide new remedies to humankind In this study, Polygonum minus (kesum) nanoparticles were prepared by using planetary ball mill and analysis for their physical and morphology properties. The size reduction method had a distinct effect on physical and morphology properties of Polygonum minus analyzed. The surface morphology and roughness of nanoherb was analyzed by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FSEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The result showed that after ball milling, the average size of particles was produced in range 227-241nm which was significantly smaller than the 100 μm prepared by conventional rotor mixer. Higher degree of granule surface fractured was observed as a result of a planetary ball milling process based on FESEM images.
Effect of Nano Size Powder of Polygonum minus by Ball Milling
Authors: Nadzirah A.S. , Rusop M. , Abdul Latif I.
Published: June 2015

Polygonum minus or ‘kesum’ is a traditional Malaysian plant used as flavoring agent and recommended for digestive disorders as well as stomach pain. The leaves are often eaten fresh as a vegetable (salad and ulam), especially among the Malay communities for preventive health care. The physicochemical characterization of nanosize of Polygonum minus in wet mill and dry mill was influenced by ball milling process using planetary ball mill. Particle size analysis employing photon correlation spectroscopy was carried out to record the effect of milling parameters on the particle size produced. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrum was recorded for functional groups analysis. The result showed that after ball milling, the average size of particles was reduced while FTIR results showed the peak at region of 1,600-1,500 cm-1 is due to the stretching vibration of carbonyl group and 1300-1,000 cm1 indicate a stretching of C-H group.
A Review: Synthesis Methods of Graphene and its Application in Supercapacitor Devices
Authors: Md Disa Nurhafizah , Abu Bakar Suriani , Alfarisa S. , Mohamed Azmi , Md Isa Illyas , Kamari Azlan , Hashim Norhayati , Rusop Mahmood Mohamad
Published: June 2015

Graphene is a remarkable material with high electron mobility, good mechanical strength and almost transparent. In this paper, we review the available methods which are chemical vapour deposition, Hummers and electrochemical exfoliation method for the production of graphene. Among the extensive studies in the application of graphene, supercapacitor has gained much attention nowadays. Therefore, we also briefly review the application of graphene as electrodes for the supercapacitor devices.
The Optical and Electrical Properties of Polymer Poly (3-Hexylthiophene) P3HT by Heat Treatment
Authors: Rosmani C.H. , Zainurul A.Z. , Rusop M. , Abdullah S.
Published: June 2015

The polymer of poly (3-hexylthiophene) was active layer in application such as solar cells. In this paper, P3HT has been chosed to know the effect of temperature onto P3HT. The optical properties of P3HT were measured by using photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and UV-Vis measurement. The polymer of P3HT has been spin coated on the glass by using spin-coating method for thin films produced. The temperature was measured start at 60°C to 180 o C. From PL result the peak was exist at range 500-600 nm and started moved to left side when temperature increase. The UV-Vis result showed at range 400-500 nm towards to blue shifted. After heat treatment, the optical absorption spectra for the thin film of P3HT on the glass showed a distinct red-shifted with developing vibronic features of P3HT and the quenched photoluminescence (PL) spectrum was considerably restored .Keywords: P3HT; temperature; Uv-Vis; photoluminescence; PL; I-V
Gold Nanoparticles - An Enhanced DNA Sensing Tools Using Surface Enhance Raman Scattering
Authors: Rahman Md. Mahfujur , Ali Md Eaqub , Abd Hamid Sharifah Bee
Published: June 2015

Molecular recognition of specific DNA target is crucial for species authentication, drug discovery, forensic investigation and biodiagnostics. Development of nanoparticles at atomic scale and molecular level offers remarkable biocompatibility in the detection of DNA hybridization. Oligo-functionalized nanoparticles with controlled sizes and shapes have come forward with advantages over the previously documented DNA detection assays. Nanomaterials facilitate signal transduction and synergism in biomolecular interaction, promoting both conventional and newly developed DNA identification platforms. Tailoring of DNA sensing tools with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) enhances the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) signal, allowing target detection with molecular precision. Here we briefly reviewed the recent AuNPs based SERS-platforms for the specific, sensitive and reliable detection of DNA targets for species authentication in foods and feeds.
Surface Morphological Study of Lead Titanate Thin Films Prepared on ITO Glass Substrate
Authors: Zainal Nurbaya , Rusop Mohamad
Published: June 2015

The most important thing in preparing thin films ceramic material such lead titanate, PbTiO3 is the behavioral of microstructural changes due to the applying heat treatment during crystallization process. In general, the imperfection of PbTiO3 surface morphology such as porosity, grain boundaries, existence of microcrack films, films out-diffusion and others are caused by this factor, heat transfer element and found very interesting to be discussed towards next electrical characterization. However, the present study only focuses on the surface morphology of PbTiO3 thin films that observed by both field emissions scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The details of measurement for observation will be explained later. The preparation of PbTiO3 thin films were done trough simple sol-gel spin coating method deposited on ITO coated glass substrate.
Particle Swarm Optimization Based Technique for Deposition Parameters Optimization of Magnetron Sputtering Process
Authors: Mohd Sabri Norlina , Md Sin Nor Diyana , Ash Karim Siti Shafura , Puteh Mazidah , Rusop Mohamad
Published: June 2015

This study presents a soft computing based technique in the deposition parameters optimization of RF Magnetron Sputtering process. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been chosen due to its good performance in solving various optimization problems. The material used in this study was zinc oxide (ZnO) and there were four deposition parameters involved the optimization process. The deposition parameters were RF power, deposition time, oxygen flow rate and substrate temperature. The aim of the study was to obtain the optimal combination for the selected deposition parameters in order to produce the desirable ZnO thin film properties. In this study, the Desirability Function had been adapted as the fitness function for PSO. Desirability function is one of the commonly used statistical method for obtaining optimal process parameter design. The result from the PSO based optimization technique was then compared with actual laboratory result. Based on the observation made, the PSO based technique has been proven to be reliable and satisfactory in obtaining the optimal deposition parameters of ZnO thin film. It is expected that this soft computing based technique for optimizing the deposition parameters could reduce the trial and error method before the experiment is conducted in the fabrication process.
Carbon Nanostructures Production from Waste Materials: A Review
Authors: Alfarisa Suhufa , Abu Bakar Suriani , Mohamed Azmi , Hashim Norhayati , Kamari Azlan , Md Isa Illyas , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Rahman Mohamed Abdul , Rusop Mahmood Mohamad
Published: June 2015

Research innovation in finding new carbon sources for carbon nanostructured material production was intensively done lately. In this review, we present the production of carbon nanostructures such as carbon fibers, nanotubes, nanowhiskers, microspheres and porous carbon from several waste materials. The benefit of the use of waste materials such as waste cooking palm oil, chicken fat, waste natural oil, glycerol, printed circuit board, plastic wastes, waste engine oil, scrap tyre, heavy oil residue and deoiled asphalt is not only in the term of their environmentally friendly approach but also the economic value to reduce the high cost of carbon material production using common sources. On the other hand, these materials are easy access sources and can be alternative utilization to convert waste materials into high value nanomaterials.
The Effect of Gap Width on Field Emission Properties of Lateral Silicon Diodes
Authors: Rouhi J. , Fadzilah Suhaimi Mohd Husairi , Eswar Kevin Alvin , Mamat M.H. , Alrokayan Salman A.H. , A. Khan Haseeb , Rusop M.
Published: June 2015

A simple method for fabricating lateral Si diodes with various gap widths were designed using the special properties of anisotropic TMAH wet etching and local anodic oxidation. The electrical performance of lateral diode was characterized using an HP4156c semiconductor parameter analyzer (SPA300HV, Agilent) at room temperature in a vacuum environment lower than 10-8 Torr. The emission current from the silicon emitter cathode was measured as a function of the applied anode voltage. The effect of changing the anode-cathode gap was observed in the I-V characteristics, with a distinct reduction in the device turn-on with a decrease in the gap. For narrowed nanogaps from 55 nm to 35 nm, the turn-on voltage was decreased from 21 V to 16 V. Values of field enhancement factor β and emitting area A for different gap width were measured using Fowler-Nordheim plot. Our results indicate that β reduces and emitting area increases with increasing of gap width.
Electrical Properties of Tin-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Doped at Different Dopant Concentrations
Authors: Nasir M.F. , Hannas Mohd , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Rusop Mohamad
Published: June 2015

This project has been focused on the electrical and optical properties respectively on the effect of Tin doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films at different dopant concentrations. These thin films were doped with different Sn dopant concentrations at 1 at%, 2 at%, 3 at%, 4 at% and 5 at% was selected as the parameter to optimize the thin films quality while the annealing temperature is fixed 500 oC. Sn doped ZnO solutions were deposited onto the glass substrates using sol-gel spin coating method. This project was involved with three phases, which are thin films preparation, deposition and characterization. The thin films were characterized using Current Voltage (I-V) measurement and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 750) for electrical properties and optical properties. The electrical properties show that the resistivity is the lowest at 4 at% Sn doping concentration with the value 3.08 × 103 Ωcm-1. The absorption coefficient spectrum obtained shows all films exhibit very low absorption in the visible (400-800nm) and near infrared (NIR) (>800nm) range but exhibit high absorption in the UV range.
Optical Studies on the Effect of Different Layers of TiO2 Seeded-Template to the Growth of Nanostructured ZnO
Authors: Asib N.A.M. , Aziz Aadila , Abdullah Nurul Afaah , Rusop M. , Khusaimi Zuraida
Published: June 2015

In this study, Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have been fabricated on glass substrates coated with Titanium dioxide (TiO2) of different layers, which act as seeded-template, by a solution-immersion method. The substrates were coated with TiO2 by using sol-gel spin coating at five different layers of TiO2: 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. The effects of the layers to the growth of ZnO nanostructures were observed by using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. UV-vis spectra of films display the increasing of absorbance properties at visible region as the TiO2 layers increase, as well as at UV region. Meanwhile, at visible region the transparency of TiO2: ZnO films reduce as the layers of TiO2 increase from 1 layer to 9 layers. Raman analysis shows the presence of ZnO in all the TiO2 seeded-templates. From the result, it is confirmed the existence of mixed crystalline structure of both materials in these TiO2: ZnO thin films and PL spectra of the films show seeded TiO2 thin films has lower intensity of visible emission and high ratio of IUV/IVIS compared to the non-seeded TiO2 This contributes to the lower structural defects, oxygen vacancies, impurities and has the most improved optical properties.
Surface Morphology Studies on Different Layers of PMMA Spin Coated onto Substrate Prepared by Sol-Gel Spin-Coating Method
Authors: Aziz Aadila , Abdullah Nurul Afaah , Asib N.A.M. , Mohamed Ruziana , Rusop M. , Khusaimi Zuraida
Published: June 2015

In this studies, we present different layers of PMMA films spin coated onto glass substrate by using sol-gel spin-coating method. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) reveals the surface morphology of the samples uniformly distribute on the substrate. 1 layer sample show white particles of PMMA clearly spread on the substrate and become closely-packed after the layer of PMMA increase to 3, 5 and 7 layers. 7 layers completely dense surface morphology due to the excessive number of the particles of PMMA in the sample. The approximate roughness was recorded between ranges 0.10 – 0.25 nm. Raman spectra shown 7 layers of PMMA films as the lowest Raman intensity with strong and intense peak at band about 1024 cm-1 which is probably due to the excessive number of particles and rougher surface present in the sample.
A Fundamental Study of the Electron Beam Lithography beyond Sub 100nm Process and its Application
Authors: Nagaoka Shiro , Horibe Hideo , Ao Jin Ping , Tagawa Seiichi
Published: June 2015

It is well known that electron beam lithography is one of the potential candidates to fulfill of the demand of the miniaturization of the design rule of semiconductor integrated circuits beyond sub 100nm size with high reproducibility. It is also a fact that the resolution is recognized to depend on the various factors which are oriented to the machine and process conditions, for example, electron beam diameter, the intensity distribution of the beam itself, the resistance properties polymers, the development conditions, etc. Therefore, it is thought that it is impossible to be derivable directly and unambiguously from the resist material itself. In this study, the intrinsic resolution of the resist polymer was discussed based on the hypothesis that the resolution itself may be able to improve to the same size as the size of an electron beam profile, or less. The bi-layer structure ZEP520A/poly methyl glutar imide (PMGI) was proposed and tested. As for the results achieved, the contrast γ was improved constantly with a reduction in the development time and a decrease in the development temperature. The highest γ value, approximately 18, was obtained during development at the-20°C condition. An approximately 70nm with high aspect ratio pattern which is almost the same size of the beam pattern was obtained. This result provides an understanding how the intrinsic resolution of the resist material should be, and can be applied to other lithography methods. This process was applied to the actual electrode pattern making process. An approximately 100nm width of Copper nanowire as the gate electrode for the AlGaN/GaN HFET was successfully demonstrated. In addition, AlGaN/GaN HFET operated at about 73.5GHz, successfully.
Oxide Dissolution Treatment of Porous Anodic Alumina
Authors: Voon Chun Hong , Derman Mohd Nazree B. , Hashim U. , Lim Bee Ying , Ting Sam Sung
Published: June 2015

In this study, oxide dissolution treatment was used for the formation of well ordered porous anodic alumina. Porous anodic alumina was formed on mechanically polished high purity aluminium by anodizing at 50 V in 0.3 M oxalic acid of 15°C for 60 minutes. It is observed that the pore arrangement of as anodized porous anodic alumina was randomly distributed and showed no ordered hexagonal cell structure. As anodized porous anodic alumina were then subjected to oxide dissolution treatment of increasing exposure duration, up to three minutes. Micrographs were captured by using scanning electron microscope. Pore arrangement of porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment up to two minutes were similar to one another where no ordered periodic structures were formed. .When porous anodic alumina subjected to oxide dissolution treatment for three minutes, a perfect hexagonal pore arrangement was obtained.
Impact of Different Mobility Models on 32nm Node UTBB SOI MOSFETs
Authors: Othman Noraini , Md Arshad Mohd Khairuddin , Sabki Syarifah Norfaezah , Hashim U.
Published: June 2015

In this work, we investigate by numerical simulation the impact of using standard mobility models versus an inclusion of thin-layer mobility models on 7 nm thin body and 10 nm thin buried oxide (UTBB) SOI MOSFETs of 25 nm gate length (Lg=25 nm). Simulations were performed for both no-ground plane (no-GP) and ground plane (GP) structures for Vds = 20 mV and 1.0 V and substrate biasing of Vsub = 0 V and 0.5 V. Results of on-current (Ion), off-current (Ioff) and linear subthreshold swing (SSlin) only showed marginal differences between the two mobility models used. Significant differences can only be seen in the values of Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) where in this work is extracted as DIBL=(Vthlin - Vthsat)/ΔVd. Moreover, the inclusion of thin layer mobility model gives higher values of transconductance (gm) as compared to standard mobility model.
Effect of Aging Time to the Commercial Aluminum Alloy Modified with Zirconium Addition
Authors: Mohd Syukry Zakariaa , Ismail Ahmad Badri
Published: June 2015

The influence of heat treatment condition with addition of zirconium on the some properties of aluminum alloy has been investigated. The composition of aluminum alloy cast produce from this research was supplied from the foundry. The cast alloys were given a solutionizing treatment at 520°C followed by artificial aging at 175°C for a different period of time up to 10 hours. Hardness of heat treated aluminum alloy then were determined by comparing to the as cast and natural aging alloy. The addition of zirconium will improve the properties of the alloy in term of hardness and conductivity. Grain size of alloy has no significant effect when aging time increased together with zirconium addition.
Eksegese en prediking: Romeine 7:14−25 as toetsgeval
Authors: Van Zyl Hermie C.
Published: June 2015

Eksegese is nie ’n eksakte wetenskap nie. Dikwels is meer as een geldige lesing van die teks moontlik. Dit bring mee dat predikers dikwels keuses tussen eksegetiese opsies moet uitoefen. Romeine 7:14-25 is so ’n geval. Dit word allerweë erken as ’n crux interpretum. Die eksegetiese opsies wissel oor die identiteit van die ‘ek’ in hierdie perikoop, asook oor die stadium in die ‘ek’ se lewe – vóór of ná sy bekering. Hierdie artikel beredeneer die eksegetiese opsie datPaulus hier oor sy lewe praat vóór hy ’n volgeling van Christus geword het. Vervolgens word aangetoon watter implikasies dit vir die prediking het.Exegesis and preaching: Romans 7:14-25 as test case. Exegesis is not an exact science. Often, more than one valid reading of the text is possible. This results in preachers often having to choose between exegetical options. Romans 7:14-25 is a case in point. It is widely recognised as a crux interpretum. The exegetical options vary on the identity of the ‘I’ in this pericope as well as on the stage in the life of the ‘I’ – whether before or after his conversion. This article argues the exegetical option that Paul is speaking here about his life before he became a follower of Christ. Subsequently the implications this choice holds for preaching on this pericope is discussed.
Revue de divers aspects liés à la stabilité géotechnique des ouvrages de retenue de résidus miniers: Partie II – Analyse et conception
Authors: Aubertin Michel , James M. , Mbonimpa M. , Bussière Bruno , Chapuis R.P.
Published: June 2015

Tailings dikes are still prone to relatively frequent failures due to geotechnical instability. The general problem related to stability of such retaining works has been presented in part I. In this part II, the main factors that affect the stability of dikes are reviewed. Typical tools used to analyse the behavior of these engineering works are described, with an emphasis on the effects of critical events such as large precipitations and earthquakes. The article also discusses new avenues that help control the problems, including the use of waste rock inclusions in the tailings impoundment.

Les digues des parcs à résidus miniers sont, encore aujourd’hui, sujettes à des défaillances relativement fréquentes suite à des instabilités géotechniques. La problématique générale liée à la stabilité de ces ouvrages de retenue a été présentée dans la partie I. Dans cette partie II, on revoit les principaux facteurs qui affectent la stabilité des digues. Les outils typiquement utilisés pour analyser le comportement des ouvrages sont décrits, en mettant l’emphase sur l’effet des événements critiques comme les pluies abondantes et les séismes. L’article discute aussi de nouvelles avenues pour aider à contrôler certains problèmes, incluant l’utilisation d’inclusions de roches stériles dans les parcs à résidus miniers.
Droit et politique des déchets industriels analyse comparative de six stratégies nationales en Europe
Authors: Serge Galaup , Baudoin Christine
Published: June 2015

Cette analyse comparative de six stratégies nationales (Allemagne, Belgique, Espagne, France, Italie, Luxembourg) « droit et politique des déchets industriels » dans des pays de l'union européenne est le fruit d'une collaboration de 3 intervenants du secteur de l'environnement :- Polytems Conseil dont le département environnement et stratégies est le spécialiste de la communication dédiée aux déchets, à l'environnement industriel, la sécurité, la santé ... et membre fondateur du réseau Ecu (European Communications Unit),- Chaney Connor Lemetais & Associés, cabinet d'avocats d'affaires appelé à intervenir régulièrement dans le domaine du droit de l'environnement, membre du réseau international Pannone Law Group,- Tredi : leader français du traitement des déchets industriels spéciaux difficiles.

The comparative analysis of six national waste strategies (Germany, Belgium, Spain, France, ltaly, Luxembourg) « law and policy of industrial waste » in EU countries is the result of a collaboration between 3 major participants of the environmental sector:- Polytems Consultant, whose environment and strategies department specializes in communication concerning wastes, industrial environment, security, health ... and founder member of the ECU network (European Communications Unit),- Chaney Connor Lemetais & Associated, a business lawyers'practice that regularly intervenes in the field of environmental law and member of the international network Pannone Law Group,- Tredi, a french leader of difficult industrial special waste processing.
Première approche du contrôle industriel de la composition de résidus fortement hétérogènes, issus du broyage des automobiles et autres biens de consommation
Authors: Correc Y. , Kassamaly A. , Froelich D.
Published: June 2015

At the present time, end of life vehicles and white goods are shredded in order to sort metals. Plastics, glass and others materials mixed with metallic dust and minerals are going to landfill. ln order to reduce residues dumping, the today solutions are mainly based on energy recovery and probably based in the future on material recycling after sorting. To implement energy valorisation networks, Renault has developped sampling and fast analysis methods wich allow to control the quality of residue before combustion. The objective is to get a fast operative procedure wich be able to compare the quality of residue to the list of requirements of the user's furnace. Firstable, a sampling procedure has been elaborated from GY's theories on minerals. This approach gives acceptable results for metallic and organics species. An analysis method based on X Fluorescence for metals and on oxygen bomb for chlorine has been then developed and gives acceptable results for a daily control.

A ce jour, les véhicules et les biens de consommation arrivant en fin de vie sont broyés afin d'extraire les métaux. Les autres matériaux (plastiques, verre,...) se retrouvent mélangés à d'éventuelles poussières métalliques et terre. Les solutions développées pour réduire la mise en décharge de ces résidus sont essentiellement la valorisation énergétique et à terme le recyclage des matériaux après un tri préalable. Afin de développer les filières de valorisation énergétique, Renault a mis en place une procédure d'échantillonnage et d'analyse rapide des résidus qui permet de contrôler leur qualité des résidus avant enfournement. L'objectif étant d'avoir une procédure rapide qui permette de situer la qualité du résidu par rapport au cahier des charges d'entrée des fours des utilisateurs. Une procédure d'échantillonnage a d'abord été élaborée en partant des travaux de GY sur les minéraux. Cette méthode donne des résultats satisfaisants pour les espèces métalliques ou organiques recherchées. Une méthode d'analyse par Fluorescence X pour les métaux et par bombe à oxygène pour le chlore a également été mise au point et donne des résultats satisfaisants pour des contrôles de routine.
Recyclage du poly (éthylène téréphtalate) par glycolyse
Authors: Sideris André , Pietrasanta Yves
Published: June 2015

Treatment of bottles and fibers wastes, by alcoholysis, contribute to the development of environnemental processes. Depolymerization of polyethylene terephtalate by glycolysis in homogeneous phase (naphtalene as solvent) is studied, using different catalysts. Low molecular weight glycolysis products are quickly obtained with tetrabutylorthotitanate. These products are suitable for fabrication of raw materials in the plastics industries.

Le traitement des bouteilles et des résidus de fibres en PET, par alcoolyse, contribue au processus de la protection de l'environnement. Nous étudions la dépolymérisation du poly (éthylène téréphtalate) par glycolyse en phase homogène en utilisant le naphtalène comme solvant, avec différents catalyseurs. Nous obtenons rapidement des produits glycolysés de bas poids moléculaires, avec l'orthotitanate de butyle. Ces produits servent de matières premières dans l'industrie des plastiques.
Valorisation des rejets miniers du district Pb-Zn de Touissit-Boubker (région orientale-Maroc)
Authors: Argane Rabei , Benzaazoua Mostafa , Bouamrane Ahmed , Hakkou Rachid
Published: June 2015

In Morocco, several mine sites were abandoned after closure without any rehabilitation plan. These sites are characterized by the presence of significant tailings volumes, which has produced significant environmental impacts. The objective of this research is to study the use of mine tailings, sourced from the abandoned Pb-Zn district of Touissit-Boubker (Morocco), as aggregates for surface finishing mortars. The study consist firstly of a fine physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of mine tailings, followed by an evaluation of tailings-based mortars mechanical properties. The pollution potential of the tailings based mortars was also assessed in this study. The results show that mine tailings are characterized by the presence of high fine content and significant concentrations of As, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. The use of tailings as aggregate produces a significant increase in the amount of water needed for mixing mortars as well as a decrease in mechanical strength. The dissolution of Pb and Zn in tailings-based mortars is very limited.

Au Maroc, aucun dispositif n’a été mis en place pour gérer l’abandon des anciens sites miniers. Ces derniers sont caractérisés par la persistance d’immenses tonnages de résidus miniers dont la nocivité est à l’origine, dans de nombreux cas, d’importants impacts environnementaux. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’étudier la faisabilité de valorisation des rejets abandonnés du district minier Pb-Zn de Touissit-Boubker (Maroc) comme granulats fins pour mortier de finition. L’étude consiste d’abord en une caractérisation des propriétés physiques, chimiques et minéralogiques des rejets, suivie d’une évaluation des propriétés mécaniques des mortiers confectionnés. L’étude comporte aussi une évaluation du potentiel polluant des mortiers à base de ce type de rejets. Les résultats ont mis en évidence la présence d’une grande proportion de particules fines (< 63µm) et des concentrations élevées en As, Cu, Cd, Pb et Zn dans les rejets miniers. Il a été observé que l’utilisation des rejets miniers comme agrégats, pour la confection de mortiers, engendre une importante augmentation de la demande en eau nécessaire au gâchage ainsi qu’une diminution significative des résistances mécaniques en particulier à court terme. Toutefois, la stabilisation des rejets miniers dans la matrice cimentaire est effective puisque la dissolution du Pb et du Zn s’avère très limitée.
Ser médico. Misión del médico
Authors: Córdoba Palacio Ramón
Published: June 2015

Juramento (Hókos)
"No daré a nadie, aunque me lo pida,
ningún fármaco letal, ni haré
semejante sugerencia. Igualmente
tampoco proporcionaré a mujer
alguna pesario abortivo. En
pureza y santidad mantendré mi vida y mi arte.
A cualquier casa que entrare acudiré
para asistencia del enfermo, fuera
de todo agravio intencionado o corrupción, en
especial de prácticas
sexuales con las personas, ya sean
hombres o mujeres, esclavos o libres"
...
Where Fantasy and Facts Meet: Fairy Science Books from 1870 to 1900
Authors: Ziarnik Natalie
Published: June 2015

Natalie Ziarnik is the Head of the Children’s Department at the Ela Area Public Library District in Lake Zurich, Illinois. She is a member of the Hans Christian Andersen Nominating Committee.
Evidence for a modulation of the intraseasonal summer temperature in Eastern Patagonia by the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
Authors: Jacques‐Coper Martín , Brönnimann Stefan , Martius Olivia , Vera Carolina S. , Cerne S. Bibiana
Published: June 2015

We describe the relationship between the intraseasonal component of surface air temperature (SAT) variability in Eastern Patagonia and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) during austral summer based on ~50 years of daily instrumental records, the Twentieth Century Reanalysis, and a century‐long MJO index reconstruction. Our results show that the summer SAT variability in Patagonia is highly driven by the intraseasonal activity (~80%), especially by that associated with the MJO. The active MJO phases modulate the spatial mean intraseasonal temperature signal in Eastern Patagonia with ~1.5°C of amplitude. In most of the region, the warmest (coldest) conditions are found during active phase 8 (4). These opposite states of the temperature perturbations are related to almost inverse midlevel circulation anomalies over southern South America and the southwest Atlantic, which are part of a large‐scale Rossby‐like wave train of alternating circulation anomalies extended along the South Pacific. The corresponding outgoing longwave radiation anomalies suggest that these structures may be triggered by anomalous convection in the tropics. Furthermore, we show that intraseasonal heat waves in southeastern Patagonia tend to occur during active MJO phase 8. These events are also induced by a wave train pattern over the South Pacific, associated with other intraseasonal variability sources. Hence, as shown in a case study, circulation anomalies over the South Pacific triggered, in general, by tropical convection variability and, in particular, by the MJO activity may constructively interact with circulation patterns resulting from the extratropical dynamics, eventually leading to intraseasonal heat waves in southeastern Patagonia.
Synthesis, antimicrobial, and release behaviors of tetracycline hydrochloride loaded poly (VInyl alcohol)/chitosan/ZrO2 nanofibers
Authors: Wang Hualin , Chu Chengjiang , Hao Lilan , She Yi , Li Yanan , Zhai Linfeng , Jiang Shaotong
Published: June 2015

Tetracycline hydrochloride loaded poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/ZrO2 (Tet‐PVA/CS/ZrO2) hybrid nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning technique. The representative weight ratio of PVA/CS at 3 : 1 was chosen to fabricate drug carrier PVA/CS/ZrO2 nanofibers. The drug carrier showed a decrease in average diameter with the increase of ZrO2 content at given conditions, and the nanofibers were uneven and interspersed with spindle‐shape beads with ZrO2 content at 60 wt % and above. The networks linked by hydrogen and Zr–O–C bonds among PVA, CS, and ZrO2 units resulted in the improving of thermal stability and decreasing of crystallinity of the polymeric matrix. Moreover, the incorporation of ZrO2 endowed the fibers with ultraviolet shielding effect ranged from 200 to 400 nm. The Tet loading dosage had no obvious effect on the morphology and size of the medicated nanofibers at Tet content below 8 wt %, but interspersed with spindle‐shaped beads when Tet content increased to 10 wt %. The Tet‐PVA/CS/ZrO2) nanofibers showed well controlled release and better antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and the Tet release from the medicated nanofibers could be described by Fickian diffusion model for Mt /M∞< 0.6. These medicated nanofibers may have potential as a suitable material in drug delivery and wound dressing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42506.
Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of NiCo2O4 Microstructures and Their Application in Supercapacitors
Authors: Xiang Nannan , Ni Yonghong , Ma Xiang
Published: June 2015

The shape‐controlled synthesis of NiCo2O4 microstructures through a facile hydrothermal method and subsequent calcinations was explored. By employing CoSO4, NiSO4, and urea as the starting reactants, flower‐like NiCo2O4 microstructures were obtained at 100 °C after 5 h without the assistance of any additive and subsequent calcination at 300 °C for 2 h; dumbbell‐like NiCo2O4 microstructures were prepared at 150 °C after 5 h in the presence of trisodium citrate and subsequent calcination at 300 °C for 2 h. The as‐prepared NiCo2O4 microstructures were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and (high‐resolution) transmission electron microscopy. Both the flower‐like and dumbbell‐like NiCo2O4 microstructures could be used as electrode materials for supercapacitors, and they exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, including high specific capacitance, good rate capability, and excellent long‐term cycle stability. Simultaneously, the shape‐dependent electrochemical properties of the product were investigated.
Clonal analysis of individual human embryonic stem cell differentiation patterns in microfluidic cultures
Authors: Sikorski Darek J. , Caron Nicolas J. , VanInsberghe Michael , Zahn Hans , Eaves Connie J. , Piret James M. , Hansen Carl L.
Published: June 2015

Heterogeneity in the clonal outputs of individual human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) confounds analysis of their properties in studies of bulk populations and how to manipulate them for clinical applications. To circumvent this problem we developed a microfluidic device that supports the robust generation of colonies derived from single ESCs. This microfluidic system contains 160 individually addressable chambers equipped for perfusion culture of individual hESCs that could be shown to match the growth rates, marker expression and colony morphologies obtained in conventional cultures. Use of this microfluidic device to analyze the clonal growth kinetics of multiple individual hESCs induced to differentiation revealed variable shifts in the growth rate, area per cell and expression of OCT4 in the progeny of individual hESCs. Interestingly, low OCT4 expression, a slower growth rate and low nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios were found to be correlated responses. This study demonstrates how microfluidic systems can be used to enable large scale live‐cell imaging of isolated hESCs exposed to changing culture conditions, to examine how different aspects of their variable responses are correlated.
Regularization‐based SENSE reconstruction and choice of regularization parameter
Authors: Omer Hammad , Qureshi Mahmood , Dickinson Robert J.
Published: June 2015

The acceleration in Parallel MRI is achieved by reducing the number of phase encode steps during data acquisition. SENSE is a Parallel MRI algorithm which reconstructs the fully sampled MR images. Standard SENSE is limited by the noise amplification especially for higher acceleration factors. The g‐Factor represents the noise amplification during the process of image reconstruction and it varies from pixel‐to‐pixel. Regularization based SENSE reconstruction uses prior knowledge to improve the quality of the reconstructed image. A method based on the use of g‐Factor as a regularization parameter in the Tikhonov regularized SENSE reconstruction is proposed. The results show significant improvement in the reconstructed images and computation time. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 44A: 67–73, 2015.
Power packet dispatching with second‐order clock synchronization
Authors: Zhou Yanzi , Takahashi Ryo , Fujii Naoaki , Hikihara Takashi
Published: June 2015

Aiming to distinguish sources and loads for the rapid scaling of renewable power sources, a novel power packet dispatching system has been proposed with a structure similar to those of communication systems. Accurate clock synchronization is necessary to achieve the exchange of information attached in a power packet. At the same time, the clock synchronization is an interesting topic for developing power packet dispatching between multi‐sender and a receiver. This work outlines the implementation of second‐order autonomously controlled clock synchronization into the power packet dispatching system. At first, we derive the second‐order controlled model of a digital clock synchronization method and analyze the stability of the developed model. Secondly, through experiments, it is shown that the information of power packets can be recognized correctly and the power can be distributed to directed loads. This paper demonstrates the validity of the asynchronous power packet dispatching based on our derived model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
De novo DNA Methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b regulate the onset of Igκ light chain rearrangement during early B‐cell development
Authors: Manoharan Anand , Roure Camille Du , Rolink Antonius G. , Matthias Patrick
Published: June 2015

Immunoglobulin genes V(D)J rearrangement during early lymphopoiesis is a critical process involving sequential recombination of the heavy and light chain loci. A number of transcription factors act together with temporally activated recombinases and chromatin accessibility changes to regulate this complex process. Here, we deleted the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in early B cells of conditionally targeted mice, and monitored the process of V(D)J recombination. Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b deletion resulted in precocious recombination of the immunoglobulin κ light chain without impairing the differentiation of mature B cells or overall B‐cell development. Ex vivo culture of IL‐7 restricted early B‐cell progenitors lacking Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b showed precocious Vκ‐Jκ rearrangements that are limited to the proximal Vκ genes. Furthermore, B‐cell progenitors deficient in Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b showed elevated levels of germline transcripts at the proximal Vκ genes, alterations in methylation patterns at Igκ enhancer sites and increased expression of the transcription factor E2A. Our data suggest that Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are critical to regulate the onset of Igκ light chain rearrangement during early B‐cell development.
Development of novel radiochemotherapy approaches targeting prostate tumor progenitor cells using nanohybrids
Authors: Castro Nava Arturo , Cojoc Monica , Peitzsch Claudia , Cirillo Giuseppe , Kurth Ina , Fuessel Susanne , Erdmann Kati , Kunhardt David , Vittorio Orazio , Hampel Silke , Dubrovska Anna
Published: June 2015

Many tumors including prostate cancer are maintained by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which might cause tumor relapse if not eradicated during the course of treatment. Specific targeting or radiosensitization of CSCs bear promise to improve tumor curability by synergistic effects in combination with radiotherapy. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be used as promising drug delivery systems for anticancer drugs such as the flavonoid catechin. Catechin is an extensively studied active ingredient of the different plants, including green tea, and it is widely recognized as co‐adjuvant in cancer therapy. Here we describe the synthesis of biocompatible, catechin‐loaded and gelatin‐conjugated CNTs (Gel_CT_CNTs) with anticancer properties and demonstrate their potential for the eradication of prostate CSCs in combination with X‐ray irradiation. Gel_CT_CNTs showed a significant enhancement of in vitro anticancer activity as compared to catechin alone. Moreover, treatment of prostate cancer cells with Gel_CT_CNT nanohybrids inhibited the tumorigenic cell population defined by a high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. A combination of X‐ray irradiation and treatment with Gel_CT_CNTs caused a decrease in the protein level of stem cell‐related transcription factors and regulators including Nanog, Oct4 and β‐catenin and led to an increase of cancer cell radiosensitivity as demonstrated by clonogenic and spherogenic cell survival assays. Taken together, our results suggest that a combination of irradiation and Gel_CT_CNTs can be potentially used for the radiosensitization and eradication of prostate CSC populations.
Complications and mortality following surgery for oral cavity cancer: Analysis of 408 cases
Authors: Schwam Zachary G. , Sosa Julie A. , Roman Sanziana , Judson Benjamin L.
Published: June 2015

Objectives

To analyze the postoperative complications and mortality for oral cavity cancers, their time course, and to identify modifiable risk factors associated with their occurrence.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Patients undergoing surgery for oral cavity cancer were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Data File (2005–2010). Overall and disease‐specific complication and mortality data were analyzed using chi‐square and multivariate regression analysis.

Results

There were 408 cases identified. The overall 30‐day complication and mortality rates were 20.3% and 1.0%, respectively. The most common adverse events were reoperation (9.6%), infectious (6.6%), and respiratory (5.1%) complications. Twenty patients (4.9%) experienced postdischarge complications. Fifty‐two percent of postdischarge wound dehiscences and 67% of postdischarge surgical‐site infections occurred by postdischarge day 7, and 91% of all postdischarge complications occurred by postdischarge day 14. Smoking was independently associated with respiratory (odds ratio [OR] 3.59, P = .008) and surgical site complications (OR 5.13, P =.004). Neck dissection was independently associated with respiratory (OR 6.17, P = .001), surgical site (OR 6.30, P = .003), and infectious (OR 3.83, P = .003) complications.

Conclusion

Current smokers and those undergoing neck dissection are at high risk of postoperative complications after oral cavity cancer surgery. Less than 5% of patients experienced postdischarge complications, nearly all of which occurred by postdischarge day 14. Most early postdischarge complications occurred at the surgical site. In order to mitigate postdischarge complications and their sequelae, early clinical follow‐up should be sought for high‐risk patients.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 125:1869–1873, 2015