bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of the Potential Role of the Physician in Influencing Community Exercise Behavior
Authors: Godin Gaston , Shephard Roy J.
Published: December 2011

The potential influence of physicians upon the exercise behavior of individuals has been examined. Key questions explored were a) whether people believed that their personal physician thought that they should exercise, and b) the level of motivation to comply with these perceived expectations. Subjects were drawn from four independent populations: 1) parents of junior high school students (N = 479); 2) university employees (N = 190); 3) lower-limb disabled adults (N = 62); and 4) pregnant women (N = 68). Questionnaire-based physical activity scores were transformed into Z-scores and the data sets for activity and beliefs were pooled. Multiple regression models were developed for each individual data set and for the combined data. The proportion of the variance in reported physical activity explained by the normative belief regarding the physician and the level of motivation to comply with the perceived physician's expectations was very low (adjusted R2 = 0.026 for the combined data sets). In general, healthy adults thought that their personal physician wanted them to exercise and were motivated to comply with such advice. In contrast, disabled adults saw their personal physician as opposed to exercise which they were motivated to undertake. These findings are discussed in terms of the importance of social norms as determinants of exercise behavior and the position that physicians should adopt when seeking to enhance exercise behavior.
Volunteers as Providers of Heart Health Programs in Churches: A Report on Implementation
Authors: DePue Judith D. , Wells Barbara L. , Lasater Thomas M. , Carleton Richard A.
Published: December 2011

This project studies the use of church volunteers to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors among their fellow church members. Our findings focus on the first 12 months of the project and address the following questions: 1) Can volunteers implement these programs with no on-site professional staff? 2) Are volunteer efforts facilitated by a local volunteer task force? and 3) Are implementation efforts aided by readily available professional staff involvement? In the intervention churches, 220 certified Risk Factor Leaders conducted 82 group programs with 740 registrants and 104 blood pressure screenings with 1,834 contacts. Our study shows volunteers to be effective implementers of heart health programs in churches. The involvement of a task force seemed to facilitate volunteer recruitment. Churches with a lower level of professional involvement had more blood pressure screenings. The effect of a task force or professional assistance on other volunteer efforts did not reach statistical significance.
The evaluation of antioxidant activity of milling fractions of selected cereals grown in the year 2010
Authors: Ivanišová Eva , Ondrejovič Miroslav , Dráb Štefan , Tokár Marián
Published: December 2011

Cereals are good source of biologically active compounds that contribute to reducing the risk of coronary heart disease and also inhibit oxidation in human plasma. The aim of this study was to evaluate of antioxidant potential of four milling fractions of selected cereals grown in the year 2010. Methanol was used to extract the antioxidant compounds from cereals. Free radical scavenging activity of samples was measured using DPPH assay and reducing power was determined using FRAP assay. Secondary was evaluated of total phenolic and flavonoid content of cereal extracts. We found that flour fractions (break flour and reduction flour) showed the lower proportion of the total antioxidant potential than bran fractions (fine bran and coarse bran). Extract from barley had the highest values of antioxidant activity and phenolic content.
Response surface methodology for optimization of the extraction of flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed oil
Authors: Ondrejovič Miroslav , Chmelová Daniela , Maliar Tibor
Published: December 2011

Flax seed is an important source of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids essential for human physiology. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of major parameters of the lipid extraction from flax seed, in relation to the recovery of oil as well as the oil quality properties. The independent variables of extraction were proposed as: organic solvents, temperature, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio. The following quantitative and qualitative parameters were chosen as dependent variables: yield of the lipid fraction, acid value of oil and the absorbance at 490 nm. After calculating the optimal values of the extraction, the validation analysis was carried out and it was found out that the predicted and experimentally verified dependent variables were in agreement with the optimal extraction parameters.
Finding Possibility and Probability Lessons in Sports
Authors: Busadee Nutjira , Laosinchai Parames , Panijpan Bhinyo
Published: December 2011

Tackling probability problems before being introduced to the formulas—especially when the problems involve sports—enhances students' understanding of permutation and combination.
Exploring Refinement Characteristics in FeTi–Cux Composites: A Study of Localization and Abrasion Constraints
Authors: Schweiger Lukas , Spieckermann Florian , Buchebner Nadine , Keckes Julius F. , Kiener Daniel , Eckert Jürgen
Published: June 2024

FeTi–Cu composites with varying Cu contents are subjected to high‐pressure torsion, and their deformation behavior is explored systematically using scanning electron microscopy, microhardness, and nanoindentation. The study identifies the limiting factors influencing the refinement during severe plastic deformation. The pronounced strength differences between phases lead to fragmentation primarily through hard–hard (FeTi–FeTi) contact points, promoted by homogeneous, i.e., nonlocalized, and possibly turbulent material flow. These conditions are prevalent in Cu‐rich composites and during high‐temperature deformation. Conversely, Cu‐lean composites exhibit deformation localization, hindering the fragmentation process. Abrasion becomes an efficient refinement mechanism at the submicron‐/nanoscale, particularly for composites containing higher concentrations of nanocrystalline FeTi and exhibiting homogeneous plastic deformation. Consequently, deformation localization in Cu‐lean composites inhibits both refinement mechanisms, while Cu‐rich compositions and higher temperatures result in efficient refinement but at the risk of coarsening at the nanoscale. Refinement is localization‐limited in the former case and abrasion‐limited in the latter. Optimized processing conditions can overcome these constraints, yielding a uniform nanocomposite. This study sheds light on the intricate interplay of the mechanical properties of the respective phases in a composite, emphasizing the importance of tailored compositions and deformation conditions to optimize nanocomposites, particularly when dealing with challenging material pairings.
Surface Modification of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 Alloy by Low‐Energy High‐Current Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Demirtas Muhammet , Ivanov Konstantin V. , Purcek Gencaga , Yanar Harun , Kaynak Yusuf
Published: June 2024

The effect of low‐energy high‐current electron beam (LEHCEB) irradiation on the microstructure and nanohardness of Inconel 718 alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing is investigated. The LEHCEB irradiation is applied to the alloy at three energy levels, and the resulting microstructural analysis of irradiated surfaces is conducted. The findings from this study demonstrate that the LEHCEB irradiation substantially changes the as‐built microstructure showing intragranular dendrites of different shapes and irregular‐shaped Laves phases. The columnar structure is formed in the modified near‐surface layer as a result of rapid heating and cooling during LEHCEB irradiation. Furthermore, all Laves phases dissolve in the modified layer. Nanoindentation hardness of the irradiated layer of the alloy increases from 593 ± 23 to 693 ± 13 Hv with the highest energy density of 15 J cm−2. This increment is attributed mainly to the dissolution of Laves phases and the formation of an ultrafine columnar structure where the columns are separated from each other by the district regions containing very thin interlayers of a secondary phase and a high amount of dislocations.
Bioinspired Genetic and Chemical Engineering of Protein Hydrogels for Programable Multi‐Responsive Actuation
Authors: Ji Ting , Shi Haoyuan , Yang Xinyi , Li Hu , Kaplan David L , Yeo Jingjie , Huang Wenwen
Published: June 2024

Protein hydrogels with tailored stimuli‐responsive features and tunable stiffness have garnered considerable attention due to the growing demand for biomedical soft robotics. However, integrating multiple responsive features toward intelligent yet biocompatible actuators remains challenging. Here, a facile approach that synergistically combines genetic and chemical engineering for the design of protein hydrogel actuators with programmable complex spatial deformation is reported. Genetically engineered silk‐elastin‐like proteins (SELPs) are encoded with stimuli‐responsive motifs and enzymatic crosslinking sites via simulation‐guided genetic engineering strategies. Chemical modifications of the recombinant proteins are also used as secondary control points to tailor material properties, responsive features, and anisotropy in SELP hydrogels. As a proof‐of‐concept example, diazonium coupling chemistry is exploited to incorporate sulfanilic acid groups onto the tyrosine residues in the elastin domains of SELPs to achieve patterned SELP hydrogels. These hydrogels can be programmed to perform various actuations, including controllable bending, buckling, and complex deformation under external stimuli, such as temperature, ionic strength, or pH. With the inspiration of genetic and chemical engineering in natural organisms, this work offers a predictable, tunable, and environmentally sustainable approach for the fabrication of programmed intelligent soft actuators, with implications for a variety of biomedical materials and biorobotics needs.
Biointerface‐Engineered Hybrid Nanovesicles for Targeted Reprogramming of Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Zhen Xueyan , Li Yongjiang , Yuan Wanqing , Zhang Tingting , Li Min , Huang Jinhai , Kong Na , Xie Xiaoyu , Wang Sicen , Tao Wei
Published: June 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) of typical tumor types such as triple‐negative breast cancer is featured by hypoxia and immunosuppression with abundant tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), which also emerge as potential therapeutic targets for antitumor therapy. M1‐like macrophage‐derived exosomes (M1‐Exos) have emerged as a promising tumor therapeutic candidate for their tumor‐targeting and macrophage‐polarization capabilities. However, the limited drug‐loading efficiency and stability of M1‐Exos have hindered their effectiveness in antitumor applications. Here, a hybrid nanovesicle is developed by integrating M1‐Exos with AS1411 aptamer‐conjugated liposomes (AApt‐Lips), termed M1E/AALs. The obtained M1E/AALs are loaded with perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) and IR780, as P‐I, to construct P‐I@M1E/AALs for reprogramming TME by alleviating tumor hypoxia and engineering TAMs. P‐I@M1E/AAL‐mediated tumor therapy enhances the in situ generation of reactive oxygen species, repolarizes TAMs toward an antitumor phenotype, and promotes the infiltration of T lymphocytes. The synergistic antitumor therapy based on P‐I@M1E/AALs significantly suppresses tumor growth and prolongs the survival of 4T1‐tumor‐bearing mice. By integrating multiple treatment modalities, P‐I@M1E/AAL nanoplatform demonstrates a promising therapeutic approach for overcoming hypoxic and immunosuppressive TME by targeted TAM reprogramming and enhanced tumor photodynamic immunotherapy. This study highlights an innovative TAM‐engineering hybrid nanovesicle platform for the treatment of tumors characterized by hypoxic and immunosuppressive TME.
Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Smart Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regeneration
Authors: Yuan Xun , Zhu Wei , Yang Zhongyuan , He Ning , Chen Feng , Han Xiaoxiao , Zhou Kun
Published: June 2024

The repair and functional reconstruction of bone defects resulting from severe trauma, surgical resection, degenerative disease, and congenital malformation pose significant clinical challenges. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) holds immense potential in treating these severe bone defects, without incurring prevalent complications associated with conventional autologous or allogeneic bone grafts. 3D printing technology enables control over architectural structures at multiple length scales and has been extensively employed to process biomimetic scaffolds for BTE. In contrast to inert and functional bone grafts, next‐generation smart scaffolds possess a remarkable ability to mimic the dynamic nature of native extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby facilitating bone repair and regeneration. Additionally, they can generate tailored and controllable therapeutic effects, such as antibacterial or antitumor properties, in response to exogenous and/or endogenous stimuli. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the progress of 3D‐printed smart scaffolds for BTE applications. It begins with an introduction to bone physiology, followed by an overview of 3D printing technologies utilized for smart scaffolds. Notable advances in various stimuli‐responsive strategies, therapeutic efficacy, and applications of 3D‐printed smart scaffolds are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the existing challenges in the development and clinical implementation of smart scaffolds, as well as emerging technologies in this field.
Wireless Heart and Respiration Rate Monitoring in Birds Using Skin Mounted Eutectogel Coated Threads
Authors: Riccio Rachel E. , Asci Cihan , Zeng Wenxin , Owyeung Rachel , Romero L. Michael , Sonkusale Sameer
Published: June 2024

Animal‐borne biologging technology allows researchers to understand the physiological responses of wild animals, especially songbirds, to environmental changes. Songbirds are of interest in studying these responses because of their visibility and relatively small body size yet high energetic demand of their various life‐history stages (e.g., molt, migration, breeding). Previous methods for monitoring responses, such as heart rate activity, have relied on surgical implantation of electrodes connected to bulky electronic devices which affect the well‐being of birds, indirectly influence bird behavior and create stress artifacts. A non‐invasive, lightweight solution is needed. This study introduces eutectogels, a long‐lasting gel made from deep eutectic solvents, combined with conductive threads and a wireless device to monitor the heart rate of house sparrows noninvasively through skin contact. In this work, heart rate and respiration rate measurements are validated on birds under anesthesia. These tests are repeated on birds that are awake but restrained. The eutectogel outperforms commercial electrodes and gels, yielding high signal‐to‐noise ratio measurements on restrained birds. The respiration rate is extracted and processed electronically from motion artifacts in the recorded signals without the need for a separate dedicated sensor. The system shows promise for future field studies on free‐living species.
R2R‐Based Continuous Production of Patterned and Multilayered Elastic Substrates with Liquid Metal Wiring for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Kawakami Hiroki , Nagatake Kyohei , Ni Sijie , Nakamura Fumika , Takano Tamami , Murakami Koki , Ohara Ibuki , Isano Yuji , Matsuda Ryosuke , Suwa Hideki , Higashi Ryunosuke , Kanto Moeka , Saito Masato , Fujita Hajime , Araki Takuto , Ozaki Shingo , Ueno Kazuhide , Horii Tatsuhiro , Fujie Toshinori , Ota Hiroki
Published: June 2024

The roll‐to‐roll (R2R) process for fabricating elastic substrates is essential for the social implementation of next‐generation stretchable devices with soft interfaces. In recent years, there is a growing demand for soft heterostructures with multiple monolithically patterned organic materials. However, a continuous processing technique for substrates with heterostructures patterned using highly stretchable wiring has not yet been developed. Conventional manufacturing methods for stretchable electronics lack production capacity. This study introduces an R2R‐based method for the continuous production of multilayered substrates composed of various elastic materials, integrated with liquid metal (LM) wiring, suitable for stretchable electronics. Continuous fabrication of polymer films is achieved with pattern areas as small as 0.78 mm2, using three different polymers varying in hardness. The R2R coating process, paired with liquid metal wiring dispensing printing, allows for the creation of lines as fine as 140 microns. This process supports the batch production of 15 stretchable hybrid devices at a time and enables the creation of large‐area devices up to 400 cm2. The fabrication technique developed herein holds promise for the future manufacturing of not only stretchable electronics but also cutting‐edge soft electronics like smart packaging. This is expected to be a factor leading to the commercialization of stretchable electronics.
Pyramid‐Shaped Perovskite Single‐Crystal Growth and Application for High‐Performance Photodetector
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Shao Chengrui , Zhao Yipeng , Ouyang Gang , Hu Wei , Zhang Jianfa
Published: June 2024

To boost the power conversion efficiency of silicon/perovskite tandem solar cells, pyramid‐textured structures have been investigated and introduced into devices. However, high‐quality pyramid‐shaped single crystal preparation is an obstacle in tandem device development. Perovskite crystals obtained using general methods are cubic because of their structural symmetry and rapid growth rate. In this study, based on mass transfer boundary layer theory, a pyramid‐shaped perovskite single crystal is successfully obtained using an asymmetrically spatial confinement‐induced crystallization method. The synthesized pyramid crystals exhibited high crystallinity and enhanced optical absorption. A photodetector constructed using the as‐grown crystal exhibited high‐performance properties, including a responsivity of 9.4 A W−1, photo‐to‐dark current ratio of 2.3 × 104, and detectivity of 2.1 × 1011 Jones. Its unique insensitivity to the incident photon direction is also characterized. The flexible photodetector also exhibited excellent responsivity under different bending curvature radii. Additionally, the light‐trapping effect and absorption superiority of pyramid crystals over cuboid crystals are well established based on a semi‐empirical analytical model. This breakthrough in pyramid‐shaped perovskite crystal preparation provides a promising approach for the development of novel tandem solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
Mn2+–Mn2+ Dimers Induced Robust Light Absorption in Heavy Mn2+ Doped ZnAl2O4 Near‐Infrared Phosphor with an Excellent Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and Thermal Stability
Authors: Zhan Chenyang , Zhu Haomiao , Liang Sisi , Nie Wendong , Wang Zihao , Hong Maochun
Published: June 2024

Transition metal ions, such as Cr3+, Fe3+, and Ni2+, are widely recognized activators for efficient broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors. However, the potential of Mn2+ ions as NIR‐emitting activators is relatively overlooked due to their typically narrowband emission in the visible spectral region and relatively weak absorption. Herein, a heavy Mn2+‐doped Zn1‐xAl2O4: xMn2+ (ZAO: xMn2+) phosphor is presented that exhibits a single NIR emission band peaked at 830 nm with a bandwidth of 135 nm under excitation at 450 nm. Through comprehensive structural and spectral analysis, this NIR band is attributed to the emission originating from Mn2+ ions within the MnO6 octahedra. Importantly, the formation of Mn2+–Mn2+ dimers breaks the spin‐forbidden rule and significantly enhances the transition probability, as supported by the excited state dynamic analysis. Consequently, the optimal ZAO: 0.70Mn2+ sample shows high internal/external photoluminescence quantum yields of 85.8%/36.9%, along with good thermal stability demonstrated by the emission intensity at 423 K retains 60% of that at 298 K. Finally, a prototype NIR pc‐LED device is fabricated by combining ZAO: 0.70Mn2+ phosphor with a 450 nm blue diode chip, generating an NIR output power of 28.84 mW at 100 mA. This study provides novel insights into high‐performance Mn2+‐activated NIR phosphors.
Achiral Nanostructures: Perturbative Harmonic Generation and Dichroism Under Vortex and Vector Beams Illumination
Authors: Nikitina Anastasia , Frizyuk Kristina
Published: June 2024

In this study, the nonlinear optical phenomena emerging from the interaction between vortex and vector beams and achiral nanoparticles or nanostructures are investigated. Despite the achiral symmetry of the nanostructure, the interplay between the symmetries of the vortex beam, the nanostructure, and the crystalline lattice of the nanostructure material can result in circular dichroism in the nonlinear regime. A formula is derived that describes the conditions for the appearance of circular dichroism across a broad range of scenarios, taking into account all the symmetries. Building on these findings, the conditions for both linear and nonlinear dichroism when illuminated by vector beams have been determined. This work can provide important insights that can enhance the design of chiral sensors and optical traps, making them more versatile and effective.
Oxophilic Tm‐Sites in MoS2 Trigger Thermodynamic Spontaneous Water Dissociation for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Meng , Wang Xuan , Du Han , Dong Wenrou , Ye Songbo , Liu Heng , Sun Huamei , Huang Kai , Li Hao , Tang Yawen , Fu Gengtao
Published: June 2024

2D MoS2 is acknowledged as a potential alternative to Pt‐based catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its suitable *H adsorption energy. However, the weak water adsorption capacity of MoS2 in an alkaline solution limits its performance improvement toward HER. Herein, a novel rare‐earth Tm single atoms decorated MoS2 (Tm SAs‐MoS2) catalyst is proposed, and the key role of Tm SAs on the enhanced HER performance of MoS2 is identified. It is verified that the Tm‐site in MoS2 contributes to the asymmetric [Mo‐S‐Tm] unit site, which serves as the electron donor to disturb the electronic state and accelerate electron accumulation at surrounding Mo‐S site. The obtained Tm SAs‐MoS2 exhibits significantly improved HER activity with a low overpotential of 80 mV at 10 mA cm−2, robust stability and good selectivity in alkaline solution compared with pure MoS2 and most MoS2‐based catalysts. In situ Raman and theoretical calculations prove that the oxophilic Tm in [Mo‐S‐Tm] unit sites significantly improves the migration and thermodynamic spontaneous dissociation of interfacial H2O molecules during HER by the Tm‐4f‐OH orbital overlap. Such [Tm‐S‐Mo] unit site allows the optimal G*H location of Tm SAs‐MoS2, which in turn reaches the apex of the theoretical HER volcano plot. This work is expected to open up new avenues for the design of novel alkaline HER catalysts and provide a valuable understanding of rare earth enhanced mechanisms.
Rapidly Diverse Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐5‐Substituted‐2‐Oxazolidinones via Nucleophilic Epoxide Ring Opening and Intramolecular Acyl Substitution of Epoxy Carbamates
Authors: Lin Nian‐Xuan , Chang Shih‐Ming , Chiou Xin‐Shun , Lee Kelly , Tsai Yu‐Tung , Lin Cheng‐Kun
Published: June 2024

The method for converting epoxy carbamates to oxazolidinones is outlined in this study. This innovative approach combines intermolecular nucleophilic epoxide ring opening with intramolecular acyl substitution in a single step, thereby facilitating rapid conversion. Significantly, this method effectively addresses challenges associated with the use of expensive reagents, harsh reaction conditions, and prolonged reaction times, presenting a more efficient alternative. Demonstrating favorable reactivity across a diverse range of aryl groups, as well as benzyl or tert‐butyl carbamates, the method consistently yields satisfactory results, with oxazolidinone formation ranging from 55 % to 99 % in over 24 examples. The synthesized oxazolidinones, including 5 v–5 x, hold substantial promise as intermediates for the synthesis of crucial synthetic molecules. Furthermore, the versatility of this method is underscored by its successful application in the formation of the 6‐membered ring 1,3‐oxazinan‐2‐one. These findings not only contribute to the advancement of synthetic methodologies but also pave the way for a streamlined synthesis of important pharmaceutical compounds.
Unraveling the multiple chronic conditions patterns among people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia: A machine learning approach to incorporate synergistic interactions
Authors: Yew Pui Ying , Devera Ryan , Liang Yue , Khalifa Razan A. El , Sun Ju , Chi Nai‐Ching , Chou Ying‐Chyi , Tonellato Peter J. , Chi Chih‐Lin
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Most people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) also suffer from two or more chronic conditions, known as multiple chronic conditions (MCC). While many studies have investigated the MCC patterns, few studies have considered the synergistic interactions with other factors (called the syndemic factors) specifically for people with ADRD.

METHODS

We included 40,290 visits and identified 18 MCC from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Then, we utilized a multi‐label XGBoost model to predict developing MCC based on existing MCC patterns and individualized syndemic factors.

RESULTS

Our model achieved an overall arithmetic mean of 0.710 AUROC (SD = 0.100) in predicting 18 developing MCC. While existing MCC patterns have enough predictive power, syndemic factors related to dementia, social behaviors, mental and physical health can improve model performance further.

DISCUSSION

Our study demonstrated that the MCC patterns among people with ADRD can be learned using a machine‐learning approach with syndemic framework adjustments.

Highlights

Machine learning models can learn the MCC patterns for people with ADRD.

The learned MCC patterns should be adjusted and individualized by syndemic factors.

The model can predict which disease is developing based on existing MCC patterns.

As a result, this model enables early specific MCC identification and prevention.
Removal of thiophene compounds from model fuel with supported copper on active carbon, adsorption kinetics, and isotherms
Authors: Kazemi Bahador , Golipour Haleh , Mafi Morteza , Mokhtarani Babak
Published: June 2024

In this study, the adsorption of thiophene compounds (TCs), including thiophene (T), benzothiophene (BT), and dibenzothiophene (DBT), from model fuels was investigated using modified activated carbon (AC). The model fuel, prepared as a single‐solute model at a concentration of 2000 ppm based on a mixture concentration of 3000 ppm, served as the basis for the adsorption experiments. Additionally, an examination of thiophene adsorption from commercial fuels, specifically kerosene, was conducted. Experimental data were used to calculate correlated parameters of adsorption isotherms, kinetic models, and the Fisher factor. The pseudo‐second‐order model demonstrated the best fit to the experimental data. Notably, the adsorbent consisting of 10% Cu+ supported on acid‐washed activated carbon (A1CN10) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for TCs, achieving removal percentages of 78%, 96%, and 100% for T, BT, and DBT, respectively. Various methods were employed to investigate the physicochemical properties of the adsorbents, including N2 adsorption–desorption surface analysis (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, the regeneration of the adsorbent was studied using two techniques: agitation and ultrasound.
Polyoxometalates Based Catalysts for Carbonylation Reactions: A Review
Authors: Zhang Xuehua , Tang Dechang , He Lin , Cao Yanwei
Published: June 2024

As a type of diverse and structurally adjustable metal‐oxo clusters, polyoxometalates (POMs) based materials have been extensively applied as a catalysis in various valuable reactions. This review summarized recent progress in the application of POMs‐based catalysts for various carbonylation reactions including (1). Carbonylation of olefins, (2). Carbonylation of formaldehyde, (3). Carbonylation of methanol or dimethyl ether, (4). Oxidative carbonylation of methane, (5). Oxidative carbonylation of phenol and (6). Reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene. A brief perspective on POMs‐based catalysts for the carbonylation reactions is proposed.
Recurrence patterns following nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in a Danish nationwide cohort
Authors: Bencina Goran , Billeskov Rolf , Bak Rasmine , Al‐Sabbagh Ahmed , Pedersen Julie Højgaard , Lunetcas Marina , Heeno Emma , Tolouee Sara , Ashraf Tuba , Fristrup Niels , Azawi Nessn
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to characterize the demographic and clinical features of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) post‐surgery for localized or locally advanced disease in a national Danish cohort, with a specific focus on describing recurrence patterns in a subgroup aligned with the adjuvant KEYNOTE‐564 trial classification.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of the Danish Renal Cancer (DaRenCa) database. Eligible subjects were individuals with an RCC diagnosis between January 2014 and December 2017 who subsequently underwent radical or partial nephrectomy. Variables of interest were demographic and clinical characteristics, rates and sites of recurrence. Recurrence rates were also assessed in a subpopulation stratified using the risk classifications of the KEYNOTE‐564 trial.

Results

A total of 2164 RCC patients were identified. Most patients (84.8%) had non‐metastatic RCC (stage M0). A recurrence was observed in 250 of the M0 patients (13.6%). Patients with a recurrence were older, male, had a higher tumour stage, had undergone radical nephrectomy and had a higher Leibovich score. The majority (74.8%) of M0 patients had recurrence at distant metastatic sites. A total of 392 patients were stratified by the KEYNOTE‐564 risk classification: 335 intermediate‐high risk, 17 high risk and 40 M1 NED (metastatic with no evidence of disease). Recurrence was observed in 37.0%, 88.2% and 27.5% of these risk groups, respectively.

Conclusions

This study elucidates the rates and determinants of post‐surgical RCC recurrence in Denmark, underscoring the potential of adjuvant immunotherapy in refining therapeutic strategies, identifying suitable beneficiaries and minimizing overtreatment risks in RCC care.
Preference for social stimuli: A comparison of stimulus modes used in preference assessments
Authors: Wilson Shannon , Cividini‐Motta Catia , MacNaul Hannah , Salinas Rebecca , Ferrer Geninna
Published: June 2024

Social stimuli are some of the most commonly used reinforcers. Previous research shows that preference for social stimuli can be identified using paired‐stimulus preference assessments (PSPA) employing various stimulus modes (e.g., pictures of the actual social stimuli). To date, no study has evaluated the correspondence in preference for social stimuli identified via PSPAs completed using three differing stimulus modes. Therefore, this study compared the correspondence in preference hierarchy identified via PSPAs completed using video of the social stimuli (VSM), pictures of the actual social stimuli (PSM‐A), and drawings of the social stimuli (PSM‐D) and whether preference hierarchy remained stable over repeated administration of the PSPAs (i.e., 1 month). Moreover, we assessed participants' preference for the three types of stimulus modes. Results demonstrated that during the initial PSPAs, preference hierarchies were most similar across the PSPAs completed using VSM and PSM‐A, that preference was most stable across repeated administration of the PSPAs completed using the VSM, and that participants' preference for differing stimulus modes was idiosyncratic. Moreover, the PSPAs completed using the VSM required the longest amount of time to create materials and administer the assessment.
The influence of board characteristics, ownership structure and public attention on climate change disclosure in banking sector companies
Authors: Octavio Muhammad Fadhly Rizky , Setiawan Doddy
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of board characteristics, ownership structure, and public attention on the disclosure of information related to climate change in the banking industry. This study uses panel data from financial reports and corporate sustainability in the banking sector. The data is processed using the Eviews application, using a sample of 348 companies from 2018 to 2021. The results show that the presence of women on the board, foreign board members, foreign ownership, and public attention all have a positive and significant effect influence. In contrast, board size and institutional ownership have a negative influence on the disclosure of climate change information by banking companies in different countries. Statistical tests also show that although the level of climate change information disclosure by banking companies is relatively good, there is still room for improvement to be in line with evolving standards. The study also looks at public attention through media coverage, as measured through Google Trends, which has the potential to impact climate change information disclosure, especially in sectors that are sensitive to the issue. Furthermore, the study conducted additional tests by categorizing the sample based on companies located in countries with high and medium rankings in the climate change performance index, as well as grouping them by region (Asia, Americas, and Europe). This research has important practical and theoretical contributions, advancing the understanding of the application of legitimacy and stakeholder theories to climate change and the factors that influence climate change disclosure strategies.
The regulatory roles and clinical significance of glycolysis in tumor
Authors: Qiao Qiqi , Hu Shunfeng , Wang Xin
Published: June 2024

Metabolic reprogramming has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the biological behaviors of tumor cells, among which glycolysis is an important form. Recent research has revealed that the heightened glycolysis levels, the abnormal expression of glycolytic enzymes, and the accumulation of glycolytic products could regulate the growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells and provide a favorable microenvironment for tumor development and progression. Based on the distinctive glycolytic characteristics of tumor cells, novel imaging tests have been developed to evaluate tumor proliferation and metastasis. In addition, glycolytic enzymes have been found to serve as promising biomarkers in tumor, which could provide assistance in the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of tumor patients. Numerous glycolytic enzymes have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for tumor treatment, and various small molecule inhibitors targeting glycolytic enzymes have been developed to inhibit tumor development and some of them are already applied in the clinic. In this review, we systematically summarized recent advances of the regulatory roles of glycolysis in tumor progression and highlighted the potential clinical significance of glycolytic enzymes and products as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tumor treatment.
Three New Polyphenol Derivatives from the Fruits of Macaranga Monandra and their Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Guizoko Toko Einstein , Emar Djappa Tchapo Carlain , Tontsa Tsamo Armelle , Kemzeu Raoul , Wang Yan , Boyom Fekam Fabrice , Tantoh Ndinteh Derek , Iqbal Choudhary Muhammad , Nkengfack Ephrem Augustin , Mpho Mmutlane Edwin , Mkounga Pierre
Published: June 2024

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract from the fruits of Macaranga monandra (Euphorbiaceae Muell. et Arg.) afforded one new geranylated 1’,2’‐dihydrophenanthrene and two new flavonoid derivatives, named macamondrin (1), macamondrione A (2) and B (3) respectively. The structures of these compounds were elucidated mainly by NMR, mass spectral data and in comparison with data from the literature. Along with compounds 1–3, nine known compounds among which oleanolic acid (4); daucosterol (5); 3β‐acetoxy‐11α,12α‐epoxytaraxerol (6); 3,3’,4‐tri‐O‐methylellagic acid (7); 3,3’,4,4’‐tetra‐O‐methylellagic acid (8); 4’‐O‐methyl‐6‐isoprenylapigenin (9); 4’‐O‐methyl‐8 isoprenylkaempférol (10); 4’‐O‐methyl‐6‐isoprénylkaempférol (11); 6‐isoprénylkaempférol (12), were also isolated. Crude extracts as well as isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods. It appears that the 50 % radical scavenging concentrations ranging from 6.26 to 11.7 μg/ml on the ABTS radical, from 1.77 to 48.22 μg/ml on the DPPH radical, and from 1.54 to 67.97 μg/ml with the FRAP method. For the compounds tested, very good antioxidant activities were observed, which clearly shows that these molecules can have an anti oxidative stress potentiel.
Copper/Tin Nanocomposites‐Loaded Exosomes Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest at G0/G1 Phase in Skin Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Abd‐Rabou Ahmed A. , Kishta Mohamed S. , Yakout Saad M. , Youssef Ahmed M. , Abdallah Ahmed N. , Ahmed Hanaa H.
Published: June 2024

This study aims to explore the efficacy of Copper/Tin (CuS/SnS) nanocomposites loaded into exosomes against skin cancer A431 cell line. CuS/SnS nanocomposites (S1, S2, S3) were synthesized and characterized, then loaded into exosomes (Exo) (S1‐Exo, S2‐Exo and S3‐Exo) and characterized. After that, the loaded samples were investigated in vitro against A431 using cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays. CuS/SnS nanocomposites were indexed to hexagonal CuS structure and orthorhombic α‐SnS phase and showed nano‐rode shape. The exosomes loaded with nanocomposites were regular and rounded within the size of 120 nm, with no signs of broken exosomes or leakage of their contents. The cytotoxicity assay indicated the enhanced cytotoxic of S1‐Exo versus the free nano‐form S1 on A431. Interestingly, S1‐Exo recorded 1.109 times more than DOX in its anti‐skin cancer capacity. Moreover, S1‐Exo recorded 40.2 % for early apoptosis and 22.1 % for late apoptosis. Furthermore, it displayed impact in arresting the cancer cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and reducing G2/M phase. Noteworthy, loaded nanocomposites were safe against normal HSF skin cells. In conclusion, the loaded CuS/SnS nanocomposites into the exosomes could be of great potential as anti‐skin cancer candidates through induction of apoptosis and promotion of the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase.
Dust Explosibility and Severity of Bayan and Tanito Coal
Authors: Wan Sulaiman Wan Zaiton , Mohd Idris Mohd Fadzil , Md Kasmani Rafiziana , Gimbun Jolius
Published: June 2024

The assessment of the explosibility and severity characteristics of Bayan coal and Tanito coal was investigated over various concentrations in a 20 L Siwek spherical explosion chamber. The coals tested in this study were also compared with other organic dusts such as palm‐based soap noodle, tea powder, black rice, and rice flour, which were tested using the same explosion chamber and procedures. The severity and explosibility of the coals increase as their concentration increases. The Pmax of Bayan coal (10.15 bar) is higher than that of Tanito coal (7.35 bar). The Kst of Bayan coal (48.04 bar m s−1) is also higher than that of Tanito coal (16.83 bar m s−1). Among all the dusts studied using the same chamber and procedures, palm‐based soap noodle has the highest Pmax at 16 bar, while tea powder has the lowest Pmax at 6.35 bar. The results show that the explosibility and severity of the coals increase as the concentrations increase, and the moisture content, coal ranking, and different types of organic dust have a significant influence on the severity characteristics of dust explosions.
Developing CAMELOT for assessing methodological limitations of qualitative research for inclusion in qualitative evidence syntheses
Authors: Munthe‐Kaas Heather M. , Booth Andrew , Sommer Isolde , Cooper Sara , Garside Ruth , Hannes Karin , Noyes Jane ,   The CAMELOT Development Group
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Qualitative evidence is increasingly incorporated into decision‐making processes. Assessing the methodological limitations of primary studies is critical to making an overall assessment of confidence in findings from qualitative evidence syntheses (QES) using GRADE‐CERQual. Current critical appraisal tools were not developed specifically for use in Cochrane reviews or GRADE‐CERQual, and few are evidence‐based. The aim of CochrAne qualitative Methodological LimitatiOns Tool (CAMELOT) was to address this gap.

Methods

We undertook this project in four stages: (1) systematic literature search to identify existing tools, (2) identification of evidence to support inclusion of potential CAMELOT domains (3) consensus survey to agree on the inclusion and definition of CAMELOT domains, and (4) human‐centered design approach to develop and refine CAMELOT by exploring user experience.

Results

CAMELOT is a new evidence‐based tool for assessing the methodological strengths and limitations of primary qualitative research studies in a QES. CAMELOT is comprised of 12 domains: four Meta domains that encourage review authors to consider those characteristics of the primary study that are beyond how the study was carried out, but which inform the conduct and design of the study, and eight Method domains which encourage review authors to consider how the study was designed, planned and/or conducted, and how study conduct and design fits with the information provided in the four meta domains. Review authors make an assessment by identifying any concerns regarding the methods used in the study and considering the appropriateness of fit between the Meta and Method domains.

Conclusion

CAMELOT provides review authors with a transparent and systematic method to assess methodological limitations of primary qualitative studies. CAMELOT incorporates qualitative principles and focuses on appropriateness of fit between Meta and Method domains. In line with iterative tool development approach, CAMELOT will continue to be revised over time following extensive user testing and piloting.
The searchbuildR shiny app: A new implementation of the objective approach for search strategy development in systematic reviews
Authors: Kapp Claudia , Fujita‐Rohwerder Naomi , Lilienthal Jona , Sieben Wiebke , Waffenschmidt Siw , Hausner Elke
Published: June 2024

Introduction

One of the main tasks in information retrieval is the development of Boolean search strategies for systematic searches in bibliographic databases. This includes the identification of free‐text terms and controlled vocabulary. IQWiG has previously implemented its objective approach for search strategy development using a fee‐based text analysis software. However, this implementation is not fully automated, due to a lack of technical options. The aim of our project was to develop a text analysis tool for the development of Boolean search strategies using R.

Methods

We adopt an incremental approach to software development, with the first goal being to develop a minimum viable product for the previously defined use cases. To create an interactive user interface, we use the shiny framework.

Results

Our newly developed shiny app searchbuildR is a text analysis tool with a point‐and‐click user interface, that automatically extracts and ranks terms from titles, abstracts, and MeSH terms of a given test set of PubMed records. It returns searchable, interactive tables of free‐text and MeSH terms. Each free‐text term can also be viewed within its original context in the full titles and abstracts or in a user‐defined word window. In addition, 2‐word combinations are extracted and also provided as an interactive table to help the user identify free‐text term combinations, that can be searched with proximity operators in Boolean searches. The results can be exported to a CSV file. The new implementation with searchbuildR was evaluated by validating the text analysis results against the results of the previously used fee‐based software.

Conclusions

QWiG has developed the shiny app searchbuildR to support the development of search strategies in systematic reviews. It is open source and can be used by researchers and other information specialists without extensive R or programming skills. The package code is openly available on GitHub at www.github.com/IQWiG/searchbuildR.
Carbon fiber confined mixed Ni‐based crystal phases with interfacial charge redistribution induced by high bond polarity for electrochemical urea‐assisted hydrogen generation
Authors: Yin Chun , Li Jiaxin , Wang Shuli , Wen Huan , Yang Fulin , Feng Ligang
Published: June 2024

Interfacial electronic structure modulation of nickel‐based electrocatalysts is significant in boosting energy‐conversion‐relevant urea oxidation reaction (UOR). Herein, porous carbon nanofibers confined mixed Ni‐based crystal phases of Ni2P and NiF2 are developed via fluorination and phosphorization of Ni coated carbon nanofiber (Ni2P/NiF2/PCNF), which possess sufficient mesoporous and optimized Gibbs adsorption free energy by mixed phase‐induced charge redistribution. This novel system further reduces the reaction energy barrier and improves the reaction activity by addressing the challenges of low intrinsic activity, difficulty in active site formation, and insufficient synergism. A considerably high current density of 254.29 mA cm−2 is reached at 1.54 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode on a glass carbon electrode, and the cell voltage requires 1.39 V to get 10 mA cm−2 in hydrogen generation, with very good stability, about 190 mV less than that of the traditional water electrolysis. The facile active phase formation and high charge transfer ability induced by asymmetric charge redistribution are found in the interface, where the urea molecules tend to bond with Ni atoms on the surface of heterojunction, and the rate‐determining step is changed from CO2 desorption to the fourth H‐atom deprotonation. The work reveals a novel catalyst system by interfacial charge redistribution induced by high bond polarity for energy‐relevant catalysis reactions.
Fully carbonate‐electrolyte‐based high‐energy‐density Li–S batteries with solid‐phase conversion
Authors: Hakari Takashi , Kameoka Yuto , Kishida Kaihei , Ozaki Shinji , Murata Chihiro , Deguchi Minako , Harada Ryo , Fujisawa Tomoki , Mizuno Yusuke , Nishikawa Heisuke , Tamura Tomoyuki , Wang Yiqun , Takahara Hikari , Aoki Takashi , Inamasu Tokuo , Okuda Daisuke , Ishikawa Masashi
Published: June 2024

Carbonate‐electrolyte‐based lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with solid‐phase conversion offer promising safety and scalability, but their reversible capacities are limited. In addition, large‐format pouch cells are paving the way for large‐scale production. This study demonstrates the in situ formation of a solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) as a protective layer using vinylene carbonate (VC), highlighting its industrial adaptability. A high reversible capacity is achieved by the lithiated poly‐VC SEI formed inside the cathode particles as a nanoscale ionic conduction path, along with the traditional surface protective layer. Furthermore, the severe dissolution of poly‐VC is mitigated by LiF derived from fluorine ethylene carbonate as a co‐solvent, enabling high rate performance and a long cycle life. A large 8 Ah pouch cell is successfully developed, which shows a high energy density of 400 Wh kg−1 based on the cell weight. This work demonstrates the high performance of large‐scale Li–S batteries with the in situ formation of a protective layer as a scalable technique for future applications.