bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth rate trades off with enzymatic investment in soil filamentous fungi
Authors: Zheng Weishuang , Lehmann Anika , Ryo Masahiro , Vályi Kriszta Kezia , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: July 2020

Saprobic soil fungi drive many important ecosystem processes, including decomposition, and many of their effects are related to growth rate and enzymatic ability. In mycology, there has long been the implicit assumption of a trade-off between growth and enzymatic investment, which we test here using a set of filamentous fungi from the same soil. For these fungi we measured growth rate (as colony radial extension) and enzymatic repertoire (activities of four enzymes: laccase, cellobiohydrolase, leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase), and explored the interaction between the traits based on phylogenetically corrected methods. Our results support the existence of a trade-off, however only for the enzymes presumably representing a larger metabolic cost (laccase and cellobiohydrolase). Our study offers new insights into potential functional complementarity within the soil fungal community in ecosystem processes, and experimentally supports an enzymatic investment/growth rate trade-off underpinning phenomena including substrate succession.
Subtyping analysis reveals new variants and accelerated evolution of Clostridioides difficile toxin B
Authors: Shen Enhui , Zhu Kangli , Li Danyang , Pan Zhenrui , Luo Yun , Bian Qiao , He Liuqing , Song Xiaojun , Zhen Ying , Jin Dazhi , Tao Liang
Published: July 2020

Clostridioides difficile toxins (TcdA and TcdB) are major exotoxins responsible for C. difficile infection (CDI) associated diseases. The previously reported TcdB variants showed distinct biological features, immunoactivities, and potential pathogenicity in disease progression. Here, we performed global comparisons of amino acid sequences of both TcdA and TcdB from 3,269 C. difficile genomes and clustered them according to the evolutionary relatedness. We found that TcdB was much diverse and could be divided into eight subtypes, of which four were first described. Further analysis indicates that the tcdB gene undergoes accelerated evolution to maximize diversity. By tracing TcdB subtypes back to their original isolates, we found that the distribution of TcdB subtypes was not completely aligned with the phylogeny of C. difficile. These findings suggest that the tcdB genes not only frequently mutate, but also continuously transfer and exchange among C. difficile strains.
Probing the temperature of supported platinum nanoparticles under microwave irradiation by in situ and operando XAFS
Authors: Ano Taishi , Tsubaki Shuntaro , Liu Anyue , Matsuhisa Masayuki , Fujii Satoshi , Motokura Ken , Chun Wang-Jae , Wada Yuji
Published: July 2020

Microwave irradiation can cause high local temperatures at supported metal nanoparticles, which can enhance reaction rates. Here we discuss the temperature of platinum nanoparticles on γ-Al2O3and SiO2supports under microwave irradiation using the Debye–Waller factor obtained from in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. Microwave irradiation exhibits considerably smaller Deby–Waller factors than conventional heating, indicating the high local temperature at the nanoparticles. The difference in the average temperatures between the platinum nanoparticles and the bulk under microwaves reaches 26 K and 132 K for Pt/Al2O3and Pt/SiO2, respectively. As a result, Pt/SiO2exhibits considerably more reaction acceleration for the catalytic dehydrogenation of 2-propanol under microwave irradiation than Pt/Al2O3. We also find microwaves enhance the reduction of PtOxnanoparticles by using operando X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The present results indicate that significant local heating of platinum nanoparticles by microwaves is effective for the acceleration of catalytic reactions.
Studies of CO2 hydrogenation over cobalt/ceria catalysts with in situ characterization: the effect of cobalt loading and metal–support interactions on the catalytic activity
Authors: Deng Kaixi , Lin Lili , Rui Ning , Vovchok Dimitriy , Zhang Feng , Zhang Shuhao , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Kim Taejin , Rodriguez José A.
Published: July 2020

Metal–oxide interactions affect the catalytic properties of Co/CeO2 and can be used to control activity and selectivity.
Tuning effect of amorphous Fe2O3on Mn3O4for efficient atom-economic synthesis of imines at low temperature: improving [O] transfer cycle of Mn3+/Mn2+in Mn3O4
Authors: Qin Jiaheng , Long Yu , Gou Galian , Wu Wei , Luo Yutong , Cao Xiao , Luo Shicheng , Wang Kaizhi , Ma Jiantai
Published: July 2020

A novel Fe2O3modified Mn3O4catalyst (Fe5Mn5-100) has been prepared by adopting a simple co-precipitation method following low temperature baking. Fe5Mn5-100 showed exceptionally high catalytic activity for the production of imine.
A nano-lateral heterojunction of selenium-coated tellurium for infrared-band soliton fiber lasers
Authors: Song Yufeng , You Kaixi , Zhao Jinlai , Huang Dazhou , Chen Yunxiang , Xing Chenyang , Zhang Han
Published: July 2020

In this work, ultrafast fiber lasers based on 2D selenium-coated tellurium nanosheets in the infrared band are reported.
Synthesis of cyclopentaquinolinone and cyclopentapyridinone from ortho-alkynyl-N-arylaldehyde via superbase-promoted C–N, C–O and C–C bond formation
Authors: Saini Kapil Mohan , Saunthwal Rakesh K. , Sushmita  , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: July 2020

An environmentally benign and superbase-mediated intramolecular annulation of o-alkynylaldehydes with primary amines to construct amino-substituted cyclopentaquinolinones and cyclopentapyridinones via C–N, C–C, and CO bond formation is described.
Three-dimensional cell culture models for metallodrug testing: induction of apoptosis and phenotypic reversion of breast cancer cells by thetrans-[Ru(PPh3)2(N,N-dimethyl-N-thiophenylthioureato-k2O,S)(bipy)]PF6complex
Authors: Becceneri Amanda B. , Fuzer Angelina M. , Plutin Ana M. , Batista Alzir A. , Lelièvre Sophie A. , Cominetti Marcia R.
Published: July 2020

Effects oftrans-[Ru(PPh3)2(N,N-dimethyl-N-thiophenylthioureato-k2O,S)(bipy)]PF6complex on cytotoxicity, on the induction of apoptosis and on the phenotypic reversion of tumor cells in different 3D culture techniques.
QuEChERS pretreatment combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of aristolochic acids I and II in Chinese herbal patent medicines
Authors: Zhang Jinghe , Wang Yinan , Sun Jing , Zhou Guowei , Jiang Xiaojie , Wang Xikui
Published: July 2020

Aristolochic acid I and II (AA I and II), a kind of nephrotoxic and carcinogenic compound, are widely added in Chinese herbal patent medicines though they have been banned due to their toxicity.
An effective biocompatible fluorescent probe for bisulfite detection in aqueous solution, living cells, and mice
Authors: Zhou Ruqiao , Cui Guiling , Hu Yuefu , Qi Qingrong , Huang Wencai , Yang Li
Published: July 2020

Sulfur dioxide, an air pollutant, is easily hydrated to sulfites and bisulfites and extremely harmful to human health.
An optical sensor for selective detection of phenol via double cross-linker precipitation polymerization
Authors: Lv Xiaodong , Gao Peng
Published: July 2020

Based on the electron-transfer mechanism between the template and quantum dots (QDs), an optical sensor was structured.
Supramolecular interaction of sanguinarine dye with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin: modulation of the photophysical properties and antibacterial activity
Authors: Kadam Vidya , Kakatkar Aarti S. , Barooah Nilotpal , Chatterjee Suchandra , Bhasikuttan Achikanath C. , Mohanty Jyotirmayee
Published: July 2020

The noncovalent host-guest interaction of sanguinarine (SGR) with a nontoxic, water soluble sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin macrocyclic host modulates the photophysical properties, improves the photostability and antibacterial activity of SGR.
Determination and characterisation of the surface charge properties of the bacteriophage M13 to assist bio-nanoengineering
Authors: Passaretti Paolo , Sun Yiwei , Dafforn Timothy R. , Oppenheimer Pola Goldberg
Published: July 2020

Characterisation of the external surface of bacteriophage M13 using PVIII protein structural data and measuringζ-potential of the entire virus.
Integrating anaerobic digestion, hydrothermal liquefaction, and biomethanation within a power-to-gas framework for dairy waste management and grid decarbonization: a techno-economic assessment
Authors: Kassem Nazih , Hockey James , Lopez Camilo , Lardon Laurent , Angenent Largus T. , Tester Jefferson W.
Published: July 2020

Process flow diagram of a novel integrated anaerobic digestion, hydrothermal liquefaction and biomethanation resource recovery biorefinery.
Investigating the increased-capacity mechanism of porous carbon materials in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Kai , Wang Shuwei , Zhang Shichao , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua
Published: July 2020

The mechanism of increased-capacity is related to the doped transition metal and the conducted current rate, thus effecting the evolution of SEI.
Triboelectric generators made of mechanically robust PVDF films as self-powered autonomous sensors for wireless transmission based remote security systems
Authors: Fatma Bushara , Gupta Shashikant , Chatterjee Chandrachur , Bhunia Ritamay , Verma Vivek , Garg Ashish
Published: July 2020

An environment-friendly approach towards the preparation of triboelectric generators used as self-powered sensors for wireless security systems.
Asymmetric electrode ionomer for low relative humidity operation of anion exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Leonard Daniel P. , Maurya Sandip , Park Eun Joo , Delfin Manriquez Luis , Noh Sangtaik , Wang Xiaofeng , Bae Chulsung , Baca Ehren D. , Fujimoto Cy , Kim Yu Seung
Published: July 2020

An asymmetric anion exchange membrane fuel cell enables high performance and operational durability under low RH conditions.
6MNEP: a molecular cation with large hyperpolarizability and promise for nonlinear optical applications
Authors: Valdivia-Berroeta Gabriel A. , Kenney Karissa C. , Jackson Erika W. , Bloxham Joseph C. , Wayment Adam X. , Brock Daniel J. , Smith Stacey J. , Johnson Jeremy A. , Michaelis David J.
Published: July 2020

The featured organic push-pull chromophores 6MNEP-T and 6MNEP-4NBS show from 1.6 to 2.5 times larger calculated macroscopic nonlinearities compared with benchmark organic nonlinear optical crystals.
Turn-on and color-switchable red luminescent liquid crystals based on pyrrolopyrrole derivatives
Authors: Dai Shuangxiong , Zhou Yudai , Zhang Haoli , Cai Zhengxu , Tong Bin , Shi Jianbing , Dong Yuping
Published: July 2020

A novel red luminescent liquid crystalline (LC) material, which exhibited turn-on emission when transformed into the LC phase.
The Effect of Pitch Auditory Feedback Perturbations on the Production of Anticipatory Phrasal Prominence and Boundary
Authors: Hilger Allison , Cole Jennifer , Kim Jason H. , Lester-Smith Rosemary A. , Larson Charles
Published: July 2020

Purpose

In this study, we investigated how the direction and timing of a perturbation in voice pitch auditory feedback during phrasal production modulated the magnitude and latency of the pitch-shift reflex as well as the scaling of acoustic production of anticipatory intonation targets for phrasal prominence and boundary.

Method

Brief pitch auditory feedback perturbations (±200 cents for 200-ms duration) were applied during the production of a target phrase on the first or the second word of the phrase. To replicate previous work, we first measured the magnitude and latency of the pitch-shift reflex as a function of the direction and timing of the perturbation within the phrase. As a novel approach, we also measured the adjustment in the production of the phrase-final prominent word as a function of perturbation direction and timing by extracting the acoustic correlates of pitch, loudness, and duration.

Results

The pitch-shift reflex was greater in magnitude after perturbations on the first word of the phrase, replicating the results from Mandarin speakers in an American English–speaking population. Additionally, the production of the phrase-final prominent word was acoustically enhanced (lengthened vowel duration and increased intensity and fundamental frequency) after perturbations earlier in the phrase, but more so after perturbations on the first word in the phrase.

Conclusion

The timing of the pitch perturbation within the phrase modulated both the magnitude of the pitch-shift reflex and the production of the prominent word, supporting our hypothesis that speakers use auditory feedback to correct for immediate production errors and to scale anticipatory intonation targets during phrasal production.
Wideband transition from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide in K‐band by width profiling
Authors: Fu Yunhao , Gong Liang , Chan King Yuk , Ramer Rodica
Published: July 2020

A wideband in‐line substrate integrated waveguide‐to‐rectangular waveguide transition in K‐band is proposed. A novel 1:2 E‐plane step is developed as a building block. The entire transition consists of the 1:2 E‐plane step, a multilayer transition based on the 1:2 E‐plane step, and a taper. Impedance matching is achieved by profiling the widths of the structure along the midline, which is different from the traditional configurations with height profiling. The proposed method provides good impedance matching in the transition with identical steps, and from the authors’ best knowledge, has not been presented yet. The method of width profiling and the features of identical steps in the stacked structure allow the fabrication of not only metal but also identical printed circuit board panels. As a trade‐off, the cascaded network increases the length with reduced bandwidth potentially. For demonstration, a prototype is fabricated and tested. The measurement of the back‐to‐back configuration agrees with the simulation, revealing a measured return loss of 15 dB from 20.14 to 25.84 GHz.
Pyramid wavefront sensor optical gains compensation using a convolutional model
Authors: Chambouleyron V. , Fauvarque O. , Janin-Potiron P. , Correia C. , Sauvage J-F. , Schwartz N. , Neichel B. , Fusco T.
Published: July 2020

Context. Extremely large telescopes are overwhelmingly equipped with pyramid wavefront sensors (PyWFS) over the more widely used Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor to perform their single-conjugate adaptive optics (SCAO) mode. The PyWFS, a sensor based on Fourier filtering, has proven to be highly successful in many astronomy applications. However, this sensor exhibits non-linear behaviours that lead to a reduction of the sensitivity of the instrument when working with non-zero residual wavefronts. This so-called optical gains (OG) effect, degrades the closed-loop performance of SCAO systems and prevents accurate correction of non-common path aberrations (NCPA).

Aims. In this paper, we aim to compute the OG using a fast and agile strategy to control PyWFS measurements in adaptive optics closed-loop systems.

Methods. Using a novel theoretical description of PyWFS, which is based on a convolutional model, we are able to analytically predict the behaviour of the PyWFS in closed-loop operation. This model enables us to explore the impact of residual wavefront errors on particular aspects such as sensitivity and associated OG. The proposed method relies on the knowledge of the residual wavefront statistics and enables automatic estimation of the current OG. End-to-end numerical simulations are used to validate our predictions and test the relevance of our approach.

Results. We demonstrate, using on non-invasive strategy, that our method provides an accurate estimation of the OG. The model itself only requires adaptive optics telemetry data to derive statistical information on atmospheric turbulence. Furthermore, we show that by only using an estimation of the current Fried parameter r0 and the basic system-level characteristics, OGs can be estimated with an accuracy of less than 10%. Finally, we highlight the importance of OG estimation in the case of NCPA compensation. The proposed method is applied to the PyWFS. However, it remains valid for any wavefront sensor based on Fourier filtering subject from OG variations.
Multiligamentäre Kniegelenkverletzungen – Spätphase der Reha und Return to Sport
Authors: Praetorius Arthur , Raeder Christian , Keller Matthias , Schoepp Christian
Published: July 2020

Bei multiligamentären Knieverletzungen ist die Rehabilitation ungleich schwerer als bei isolierten Bandrupturen. Gerade wenn Betroffene wieder Sport treiben wollen, hängt viel davon ab, wie die späte Phase der Rehabilitation gestaltet wird.
Endoscopic Management of Postlaparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Leaks: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Jagtap Nitin , Yashavanth H.S. , Kalapala Rakesh , Katakwar Abhishek , Ramchandani Mohan , Ajmere Vaibhav , Tandan Manu , Darishetty Santosh , Rao G. Venkat , Reddy D. Nageshwar
Published: July 2020

Introduction Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a commonly performed bariatric surgery. Sleeve leak is the most important complication, with an incidence of 1.9 to 2.4%. Various endoscopic approaches to LSG have been used, including self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs), glue injection, and clipping along with percutaneous drainage. This study was aimed to study the role of endotherapy in the management of post-LSG leaks.

Methods This study included patients referred for endotherapy for post-LSG leak between January 2016 and December 2018. We maintained data prospectively, which included the location and type of leak, type of endotherapy, adverse events, and time for leak closure. Primary endotherapy included mega SEMS placement; if it failed, then secondary endoscopic therapy was performed.

Results Seven patients (four females, with a mean age of 45.2 years) with a preoperative body mass index of mean 38.5 kg/m2 underwent endotherapy for post-LSG leaks. Two were acute, four were early, and the remaining one was late leak. Five were located proximally near gastroesophageal junction and two at the midsleeve level. In four (57.1%) patients, the leak was resolved by primary therapy. Three patients underwent secondary therapy that included overlapping SEMS placement (in one patient), SEMS replacement (in one patient), and short plastic biliary stent placement with Argon plasma coagulation (APC) to create a raw surface and induce granulation tissue. The median duration for leak closure was 12 weeks (range: 8–24 weeks). One patient who had partial distal migration underwent overlapping SEMS placement. Three patients had nonbleeding ulcers at the distal end of SEMS at removal.

Conclusion Endotherapy is effective and safe for the management of post-LSG leaks. Additional endotherapy can be used if primary therapy is not successful for resolution of the leak.
Both Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Is an Emerging Indication for Liver Transplantation in the United States
Authors: Fritze Danielle , Singh Amandeep , Lawitz Eric , Kowdley Kris V. , Halff Glenn , Cigarroa Francisco , Klair Tarunjeet , Lopez Rocio , Noureddin Mazen , Alkhouri Naim
Published: July 2020

Background Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are now the most common indications for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. A subset of patients have both alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (BASH). This study characterizes patients with BASH requiring LT and assesses changes in the prevalence of BASH as an indication for LT.

Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing database was analyzed for all patients ≥ 18 years of age who received their first deceased donor LT from 2002 to 2016 for ALD, NASH, or BASH. Baseline demographics, clinical parameters, and LT outcomes were compared between groups.

Results Since 2002, 85,448 patients underwent LT:15,327 had ALD, 9,971 had NASH, and 2,779 had BASH. The prevalence of BASH as an indication for LT increased from 0.5% in 2002 to 5% in 2016. Compared with patients with NASH, those with BASH were significantly more likely to be male (85.6 vs. 57%), younger (mean 56.4 vs. 58.6 years), and Hispanic (22.2 vs. 13.6%) (p < 0.001 for all). While indication for transplant was not significantly associated with transplant outcomes on multivariable analysis, patient and graft survival curves do differ significantly by indication for transplant, with worse outcomes for patients with BASH (patient survival at 5 years: NASH 78.1%, ALD 77.2%, BASH 73.5%, p = 0.013; graft survival at 5 years: NASH 75.3%, ALD 74.0%, BASH 70.8%, p = 0.046).

Conclusions BASH is a rising indication for LT, especially for Hispanic males, due to the increasing prevalence of ALD and NASH in the United States.
Surgical Portosystemic Shunts: History, Evolution, and Current Applications
Authors: Lopez-Verdugo Fidel , Sánchez-García Jorge , Gagnon Andrew , Kastenberg Zachary J. , Zendejas Ivan , Feola G. Peter , Rodriguez-Davalos Manuel I.
Published: July 2020

Mechanical obstruction, thrombus, intrinsic liver disease causing fibrosis or cirrhosis, or an outflow obstruction at the level of the sinusoids or hepatic venous obstruction can cause an increase in pressure or resistance, or both, leading to portal hypertension (PH). Portosystemic shunts (PSS) are usually performed to relieve the congestion that inevitably occurs in the setting of PH. Since their introduction, surgical PSS were often the treatment of choice to prevent recurrent bleeding in patients with clinically significant PH. Development of novel pharmacological therapies, continuous improvement of endoscopic approaches, the introduction of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and advancements in transplantation has provided an evolution in the approach for PH and has precipitated the steady decrease in the proportion of patients needing surgical shunts. Despite this, PSS remain important tools in the surgeon's armamentarium, as they are often employed in the pediatric population with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and are frequently being used for portal inflow modulation to achieve better portal hemodynamics in resections and transplantation. This has become of great relevance to decrease the risk of small-for-size syndrome and portal hyperperfusion in liver transplantation, and to decrease the risk of posthepatectomy liver dysfunction after major resections in hepatobiliary surgery.
Gastric Antral Webs: Anatomical Variants and Appropriate Endotherapy
Authors: Varadarajulu Hema V. , Mohanasundaram Kavitha
Published: July 2020

We report the case of a 65-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis presenting with dyspeptic symptoms. Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy revealed a gastric antral web, which was confirmed by UGI series. The presence of webs in the gastrointestinal tract, excluding the esophagus, is a rarity. Here, we highlight the anatomical variations in antral webs and endoscopic diagnosis, which ultimately influence the type of endotherapy.
Universal SARS-Cov-2 Screening in Women Admitted for Delivery in a Large Managed Care Organization
Authors: Fassett Michael J. , Lurvey Lawrence D. , Yasumura Lyn , Nguyen Marielle , Colli Joseph J. , Volodarskiy Marianna , Gullett Jonathan C. , Braun David , Fong Alex , Trivedi Neha , Bruxvoort Katia , Chiu Vicki , Getahun Darios
Published: July 2020

Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a need for data regarding the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnant women. After implementing universal screening for COVID-19 in women admitted for delivery, we sought to describe the characteristics of COVID-19 in this large cohort of women.

Study Design An observational study of women admitted to labor and delivery units in Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) hospitals between April 6 and May 11, 2020 who were universally offered testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 3,963). Hospital inpatient and outpatient physician encounter, and laboratory records were used to ascertain universal testing levels, test results, and medical and obstetrical histories. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was estimated from the number of women who tested positive during labor per 100 women delivered.

Results Of women delivered during the study period, 3,923 (99.0%) underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing. A total of 17 (0.43%; 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.63%) women tested positive, and none of them were symptomatic on admission. There was no difference in terms of characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative tested women. One woman developed a headache attributed to COVID-19 3 days postpartum. No neonates had a positive test at 24 hours of life.

Conclusion The findings suggest that in pregnant women admitted for delivery between April 6 and May 11, 2020 in this large integrated health care system in Southern California, prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 test positive was very low and all patients were asymptomatic on admission.

Key Points
Diffractive optical elements for multiplexing structured laser beams
Authors: Kazanskiy N.L. , Khonina S.N. , Karpeev S.V. , Porfirev A.P.
Published: July 2020

We consider methods for obtaining a multitude of structured laser beams (multiplexing) from an illuminating beam (both structured and unstructured) with the help of diffractive optical elements (DOEs). An approach of ‘intelligent multiplexing’ is proposed to describe and develop the methods. A DOE is calculated that forms a set of five diffraction orders located in a line. An example of focusing a set of doughnut-shaped azimuthally polarised laser beams using a diffraction beam splitter is presented. Efficient multiplexing of first-order vortex beams in a two-dimensional region is implemented by a two-dimensional diffraction grating. An approach is proposed and realised in which the transmission functions of a two-dimensional diffraction beam splitter and the elements forming structured laser beams with specified parameters are combined into the transmission function of one element. Such DOEs can be used in optical communication systems for encoding and decoding data. The possibility of using binary curved fork-shaped gratings for the formation of doughnut-shaped three-dimensional vortex beams, which are detected outside the focal plane, is demonstrated. This approach provides additional advantages for safe data transmission; it can be used in laser processing of materials and in laser manipulation applications.
Guiding towards register awarenessin an undergraduate EFL curriculumin Italy
Authors: Miller Donna R. , Luporini Antonella
Published: July 2020

This contribution adds to ever-growing research on ‘pedagogical stylistics’, (e.g.,Burke et al. 2012). We present a case study describing a register approach to teaching literature, or verbal art (Hasan 1985/1989), to undergraduate EFL students in a Systemic Functional Grammar (FG)-based perspective (Halliday & Matthiessen 2004). Our research is guided by two main goals: enhancing the students’ sensitivity to the peculiar functions of language in literature, as part of a wider curriculum on teaching register awareness, and setting up good practices to monitor and assess the effectiveness of our approach. Thus, we present a set of activities based on Hasan’s (1985/1989,2007) framework for the analysis of verbal art as a ‘special’ register, which is rooted in FG. We then discuss quantitative and qualitative data related to student perceptions of our pedagogical approach, gathered through specifically designed questionnaires, which were followed by semi-structured interviews when possible. The data illustrate the largely positive impact of the approach on students’ engagement, though not unequivocally: problematic issues and implications for future research are also discussed.
Elaboration, compression and explicitness across sub-registers of popular and academic writing in Hong Kong English
Authors: Seoane Elena , Suárez-Gómez Cristina
Published: July 2020

In this study we examine elaboration, compression and explicitness in academic and popular writing in an Outer Circle variety of English, that of Hong-Kong, as represented in the International Corpus of English corpus. AsBiber and Gray (2016)show, contemporary academic discourse is structurally compressed at NP level (rather than elaborated) and inexplicit in the expression of meaning. The linguistic features selected for analysis are short passives, which are compressed and inexplicit, and adnominal relative clauses, which represent the opposite tendency, that towards elaboration and explicitness. We focus on register variation through analyzing, first, differences between academic and popular writing, and second, interdisciplinary variation in four sub-registers: humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and technology.
Tourism development in Mexico.
Authors: Osorio-García Maribel , Novo Gerardo
Published: July 2020

This chapter analyses tourism development and impacts in Mexico from a sociological perspective. By arguing that tourism development in the country is structurally articulated by the condition of being a developing country, the chapter critically reviews the evolution of tourism development through four major tourism strategies implemented by the Mexican federal government: State Planned Destinations, 'Magic Towns' programme, Ecotourism Projects and Heritage Cities. In so doing, this chapter reveals tourism's economic contribution to the national income, but also documents some of its major socio-economic and cultural drawbacks for local populations. It is concluded that tourism models in Mexico have provided very uneven benefits for their economic agents, though it is relevant that some produce low-quality employment and insufficient income, which stresses poverty and contravenes inclusive development. Practical recommendations are presented to reduce tourism's negative impacts in the country.
The impacts of tourism in economic growth and development in Uruguay.
Authors: Brida Juan Gabriel , Lanzilotta Bibiana , Pizzolon Fiorella , Rodríguez Brindis Martín
Published: July 2020

This chapter takes an economic perspective to study the contribution of tourism to economic growth and development in Uruguay. Reporting that Uruguay is the Latin American country that receives the highest proportion of tourists in terms of its population, the chapter quantifies the contribution of tourism to economic growth in the past three decades and analyses whether international tourism can be strategically used as a factor for long-run economic growth and development for the country. By describing the different periods through which tourism development in Uruguay has gone, it is revealed that the increase in the contribution of the Uruguayan tourism sector in recent years has been associated and concomitant with the implementation of a set of public policies and programmes.
Tuning the type of charge carriers in N-heterocyclic carbene-based molecular junctions through electrodes*
Authors: Wang Ming-Lang , Wang Chuan-Kui
Published: July 2020

Designing tunable molecular devices with different charge carriers in single-molecule junctions is crucial to the next-generation electronic technology. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the type of charge carriers depends on and can be tuned by controlling the molecular length and the number of interfacial covalent bonds. In this study, we show that the type of charge carriers can also be tuned by controlling the material and shape of electrodes. N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have attracted attention because of their ability to form strong, substitutional inert bonds in a variety of metals. Also, NHCs are more stable than the widely used thiol group. Therefore, we use electrodes to tune the type of charge carriers in a series of NHCs with different side groups. The ab initio calculations based on non-equilibrium Green’s formalism combined with density functional theory show that the dominant charge carrier switches from electrons to holes when gold electrodes are changed into platinum ones. The nature of the charge carriers can be identified by variations in the transport spectra at the Fermi level (E
F), which are caused by the side groups. The projections of transport spectra onto the central molecules further validate our inferences. In addition, the transmission coefficient at E
F is found to be dependent on the atomic interface structure. In particular, for the NHC without methyl or ethyl side groups, connecting a protruding atom on the electrode surface significantly enhances the transportability of both electrode materials. Overall, this study presents an effective approach to modifying transport properties, which has potential applications in designing functional molecular devices based on NHCs.
Acoustic radiation force and torque on a lossless eccentric layered fluid cylinder
Authors: Mitri F G
Published: July 2020

Exact analytical equations and computations for the longitudinal and transverse acoustic radiation force and axial torque components for a lossless eccentric liquid cylinder submerged in a nonviscous fluid and insonified by plane waves progressive waves (of arbitrary incidence in the polar plane) are established and computed numerically. The modal matching method and the translational addition theorem in cylindrical coordinates are used to derive exact mathematical expressions applicable to any inner and outer cylinder sizes without any approximations, and taking into account the interaction effects between the waves propagating in the layer and those scattered from the cylindrical core. The results show that longitudinal and transverse radiation force components arise, in addition to the emergence of an axial radiation torque component acting on the non-absorptive compound cylinder due to geometrical asymmetry as the eccentricity increases. The computations demonstrate that the axial torque component, which arises due to a geometrical asymmetry, can be positive (causing counter-clockwise rotation in the polar plane), negative (clockwise rotation) or neutral (rotation cancellation) depending on the size parameter of the cylinder and the amount of eccentricity. Furthermore, verification and validation of the results have been accomplished from the standpoint of energy conservation law applied to scattering, and based on the reciprocity theorem.
Epitaxial growth of antimony nanofilms on HOPG and thermal desorption to control the film thickness*
Authors: Xing Shuya , Lei Le , Dong Haoyu , Guo Jianfeng , Cao Feiyue , Gu Shangzhi , Hussain Sabir , Pang Fei , Ji Wei , Xu Rui , Cheng Zhihai
Published: July 2020

Group-V elemental nanofilms were predicted to exhibit interesting physical properties such as nontrivial topological properties due to their strong spin–orbit coupling, the quantum confinement, and surface effect. It was reported that the ultrathin Sb nanofilms can undergo a series of topological transitions as a function of the film thickness h: from a topological semimetal (h > 7.8 nm) to a topological insulator (7.8 nm > h > 2.7 nm), then a quantum spin Hall (QSH) phase (2.7 nm > h > 1.0 nm) and a topological trivial semiconductor (h > 1.0 nm). Here, we report a comprehensive investigation on the epitaxial growth of Sb nanofilms on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate and the controllable thermal desorption to achieve their specific thickness. The morphology, thickness, atomic structure, and thermal-strain effect of the Sb nanofilms were characterized by a combination study of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The realization of Sb nanofilms with specific thickness paves the way for the further exploring their thickness-dependent topological phase transitions and exotic physical properties.
Modeling and analysis of the ocean dynamic with Gaussian complex network*
Authors: Sun Xin , Yu Yongbo , Yang Yuting , Dong Junyu , Böhm Christian , Chen Xueen
Published: July 2020

The techniques for oceanographic observation have made great progress in both space-time coverage and quality, which make the observation data present some characteristics of big data. We explore the essence of global ocean dynamic via constructing a complex network with regard to sea surface temperature. The global ocean is divided into discrete regions to represent the nodes of the network. To understand the ocean dynamic behavior, we introduce the Gaussian mixture models to describe the nodes as limit-cycle oscillators. The interacting dynamical oscillators form the complex network that simulates the ocean as a stochastic system. Gaussian probability matching is suggested to measure the behavior similarity of regions. Complex network statistical characteristics of the network are analyzed in terms of degree distribution, clustering coefficient and betweenness. Experimental results show a pronounced sensitivity of network characteristics to the climatic anomaly in the oceanic circulation. Particularly, the betweenness reveals the main pathways to transfer thermal energy of El Niño–Southern oscillation. Our works provide new insights into the physical processes of ocean dynamic, as well as climate changes and ocean anomalies.
Research on the monitoring early warning system for the foundation pit construction passing through the original subway elevated pile foundation on the basis of information exchange
Authors: Su Huifeng , Li Renzhuang , Lv Yujie
Published: July 2020

The research background is the foundation pit excavation of the new metro station which passes through the existing metro elevated pile foundation. By using the finite element analysis method, the numerical simulation of the excavation of the foundation pit is carried out. The supporting structure in the excavation of the foundation pit and the safety of the original subway Viaduct Pile close to the foundation pit are studied. Through the research, the calculation results of the force and displacement deformation of the supporting structure and the original Metro Viaduct Pile in the process of foundation pit excavation are obtained. After comparing the above calculation results with the monitoring values, the reasonable optimization scheme for the support structure is obtained. In addition, through the method of building database, the information of structure attribute between the finite element model and BIM model is exchanged. On this basis, the visual programming method dynamo is introduced, the command flow and some custom nodes are compiled, and the mutual flow of monitoring information and early warning information between the finite element model and BIM model is completed. This realizes the safety control method of subway construction based on BIM Technology, which integrates engineering information, monitoring and early warning.
The Influence of Pressurization Device under PASCAL Principle on the Efficiency of Setting Load of Hydraulic Support
Authors: Liu Qihang
Published: July 2020

In order to avoid safety accidents caused by poor protection of hydraulic support in coal mine operation, in this research, a supercharging device based on PASCAL principle is designed. First of all, the cause of insufficient setting load of hydraulic support is analysed. Then, the hydraulic system circuit and the supercharging device structure are designed. Finally, the effect of the supercharging device based on PASCAL principle designed in this research on the setting load of the hydraulic support is simulated and verified by field tests. The results show that the supercharging device based on PASCAL principle proposed in this research has a very obvious enhancement effect on the setting load of the hydraulic support. The results of field experiments further verify that the supercharging device designed in this research can increase the setting load of the hydraulic support. This research provides a good idea for improving the protection performance of hydraulic support.
Automatic Interpretation for Telemetry Parameters Based on prediction method
Authors: Dong Suhui , Cui Changwen , He Pengju , He Changan , Kang Weiwei
Published: July 2020

Based on prediction method, a novel method of automatic interpretation for problem of the slow-varying telemetry parameters changing suddenly is proposed. Firstly, extract the envelope of the flight data and then filter the envelop. Secondly forecast the filtered envelop using linear prediction method and prediction method based on GM (1,1) model. Finally, according to the estimated value and standard deviation of the parameters, the statistical analysis of the target data is carried out, where the parameters are determined to be abnormal or not according to the analysis result, so as to realize the automatic interpretation function of the parameters. The test results show that the prediction method based on GM (1,1) model can effectively identify the mutation or pulsed parameters in the slow-varying telemetry parameters Compared with the traditional method of the artificial interpretation, this method can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of the telemetry parameter interpretation.
Research on Coal and Rock Image Recognition Based on 2DPCA Algorithm
Authors: Xu Yao
Published: July 2020

The PCA algorithm in coal and rock recognition had some fundamental flaws such as large computation and low efficiency. In this paper, a coal and rock image recognition method based on 2DPCA algorithm was proposed. The experimental results showed that this method could not only reduce the dimension of the original feature, but also reduce the complicated calculation and improve the recognition accuracy effectively.
Development status and application prospect of semi-active vibration reduction technology for down-hole drilling tools
Authors: Zhao Jianjun
Published: July 2020

Domestic and foreign oil companies have been constantly increasing the research and development investment in underground shock absorber, to reduce the vibration and shock of drilling tool under hard rock drilling environments, enhance the rate of penetration and decrease drilling cost under the premise of ensuring the normal life of drill string components and stable bit weight. Based on this, this paper has focused on the working principal of magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) semi-active damper, the composition of MRF and its internal parameters’ impact on the damping characteristics, combining with the status quo at home and abroad of down-hole vibration technology. Meanwhile, the test analysis of semi-active damping technology was conducted. And the results showed that semi-active vibration technology had greatly weakened the vibration level while improved the rate of penetration, guaranteed the service life of bit and other drill-string components, reduced additional tripping times and effectively solved the problems of bit weight instability and low penetration rate etc., caused by drill vibration. Therefore, in the current situation of worldwide oil price downturn, it has become increasingly prominent to reduce cost and increase efficiency, and it’s particularly necessary to research on the shock absorbers of down-hole drilling tools in China.
Experimental study on the peeling characteristics of wax on the surface of plastic alloy pipe and glass steel pipe
Authors: Liu Wei , Ding Haopeng , Wu Yan , Miao Kun , Deng Zhian , Wen Ziyan
Published: July 2020

Plastic alloy pipes and glass steel pipes are two widely used non-metallic pipes. In this paper, sliced paraffin was used to perform waxing and peeling experiments on the lining surfaces of two types of pipes, investigating the effects of temperature and wax thickness on the surface peeling force of two types of pipe line. This experimental study has certain guiding effect on the selection of non-metallic pipes and the design of the wax removal device.
Influence of FSI on the Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes of Tubing
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Zhang Wei , Cao Yinping , Dou Yihua
Published: July 2020

Numerical simulation method was adopted to analyze the influence of fluid-solid interaction (FSI) on the vibration characteristics of tubing. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of tubing were analyzed for the cases of no FSI, gas-solid interaction, and liquid-solid interaction in the modal module of ANSYS Workbench software. It shows that natural frequencies of tubing decreased when considering FSI. The decrease is greatest for the case of liquid-solid interaction, which is more than 13% compared with gas-solid interaction. The mode shapes are almost unchanged even considering FSI. The results show that the effect of FSI can not be ignored, especially when the internal fluid density is large.
The study of elastic properties of fractured porous rock based on digital rock
Authors: Zhao Jianpeng , Chen Hui , Li Ning
Published: July 2020

Knowledge of the elastic properties of fractured rock plays a significant role in accurate and rigorous reservoir description. In this paper, we carry out a systematic study about the effect of fracture width, fluid properties on elastic properties of reservoir rocks based on digital rock technology. Digital rock models with different fracture width are reconstructed via a superposition reconstruction procedure which impose a fracture on an isotropic host rock. A modified Finite Element Method (FEM) is adopted to investigate rock elastic properties. The results show that the presence of fracture leads to a strong anisotropy of rock. The five elastic constants of the resultant TI medium are derived as a function of the properties of the fracture width and fluid bulk modulus. The aspect ratio of P-wave velocity and S-wave velocity (V
p/V
s) is a function of fluid bulk modulus and can be used to identify fractured gas reservoir. The results allow one to have a better understanding about the correlations of fracture, fluid and elastic properties of reservoir rocks.
A system-level analysis model for lunar calibration of multispectral payload on remote sensing satellites
Authors: Xu Chi , He Tao , Huang Jin , Ren Fang
Published: July 2020

Remote sensing satellites are playing an increasingly important role in earth resource exploration, and the radiometric calibration on orbit of satellite has an important impact for retrieving information of earth resources from remote sensing images of a satellite. This paper presents an system-level analysis model for lunar calibration suitable for multispectral payload of remote sensing satellites. Through simulation and calculation analysis, the results show that this method can obtain the payload imaging parameters which are required for lunar calibration missions, ensure the quality of remote sensing images and the accuracy of radiation calibration, and provide reliable data for retrieving information of earth resources.
Research on the Phenomenon of Shear Force Over Limit in the Upper Shear Wall of Frame Supported Beam
Authors: He Ye , Zhang Kui
Published: July 2020

With the development of high-rise buildings, part of the frame structure is usually used to support the upper reinforced concrete shear wall, in order to form a large space. Thus a framed shear wall structure is formed. The shear force design value of the shear wall which is on top of the frame supported beam often exceeds limit value that a shear wall can bear during the construction design process. This does not meet the requirements of the current national code. A high-rise building with transfer story in 7 degree earthquake area is taken as an example to analyze the reason of shear wall over limit by using structural design software PKPM in this paper. Through numerical simulation analysis, it is concluded that the main reason for the shear force over limit is that the increase of constant load, which results in the increase of relative deformation of the frame supported beam and the shear wall, as well as the axial force of the coupling beam. Specific measures to reduce the shear force over limit are proposed by using a finite element analysis software MIDAS, which provides references for a structural engineer to carry out the design.