bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Singularities in the Farthest Confines of the Universe —And a Brief Report on Its Evolutionary History
Authors: Elizalde Emilio
Published: November 2022

It is advisable to avoid and, even better, demystify such grandiose terms as "infinity" or "singularity" in the description of the cosmos. Its proliferation does not positively contribute to the understanding of key concepts that are essential for an updated account of its origin and evolutionary history. It will be here argued that, as a matter of fact, there are no infinities in physics, in the real world: all which appear, in any given formulation of nature by means of mathematical equations, actually arise from extrapolations, which are made beyond the bounds of validity of the equations themselves. Such crucial point is rather well-known, but too often forgotten, as discussed in this paper with several examples; namely, the famous Big Bang singularity and others, which appeared before in classical mechanics and electrodynamics, and notably in the quantization of field theories. A brief description of the Universe’s history and evolution follows. Special emphasis is put on what is presently known, from detailed observations of the cosmos and, complementarily, from advanced experiments of very-high-energy physics. To conclude, a future perspective on how this knowledge might soon improve is given.
How Much of Aging Is Simply a Trash Collection Problem?
Authors: Renteln Michael
Published: November 2022

Aging kills 100,000 people a day - more than any other cause of death combined. The exact causes of aging have been much discussed, but the most pressing issue with regard to aging appears to me to be lipofuscin accumulation. That is, the accumulation of indigestible cellular garbage that needs to be removed from our cells, then the body. In this piece, I will explain why I think “getting rid of the garbage” should be at least one of our main goals with regard to longevity research for now.
Choline Chloride: Lactic Acid as a Green Solvent for the Extraction of Eugenol, Eugenol Acetate, and β-Caryophyllene of Clove Buds
Authors: Strižincová Petra , Šurina Igor , Majová Veronika , Ház Aleš , Hroboňová Katarína
Published: November 2022

In this study, the effect of extraction conditions on the total phenolic content of clove buds was investigated. Clove buds were extracted using a deep eutectic solvents like mixtures choline chloride: lactic acid in the 1:2 molar ratio. Additionally, the HPLC-DAD method was used to determine the main components of the clove extracts, including eugenol, eugenol acetate, and β-caryophyllene. The conditions used in the extraction with choline chloride: lactic acid (molar ratio 1:2) included extraction temperature (t = 40 – 80°C), water addition (5.6 – 40%), and extraction time (30 – 90 min). Determination of the phenolic compounds was done by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The optimum operating conditions for the total phenolic content were identified at 77°C, 30 min, and a water addition of 40%. Based on the results, the highest amount of eugenol (307.26 ± 8,44 mg/g dry raw material) was determined in clove extracts which were extracted under condition of 60°C, 22.8%, and 30 min.
Deep Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Szczakowska Adrianna , Gabryelska Agata , Gawlik-Kotelnicka Oliwia , Strzelecki Dominik
Published: November 2022

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a phenomenon predominantly observed as a result of the long-term use of dopamine receptor blockers (antipsychotics). TD is a group of involuntary, irregular hyperkinetic movements, mainly in the muscles of the face, eyelid muscles, lips, tongue, and cheeks, and less frequently in the limbs, neck, pelvis, and trunk. In some patients, TD takes on an extremely severe form, massively disrupting functioning, moreover, causing stigmatization and suffering. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a method used, among others, in Parkinson's disease, is also an effective treatment for TD and often becomes a method of last resort, especially in severe, drug-resistant forms. The procedure is relatively new in TD, so the available reliable clinical studies are few and consist mainly of case reports. Unilateral and bilateral stimulation of two sites has proven efficacy in TD treatment. Most authors describe stimulation of the globus pallidus internus (GPi); less frequent descriptions involve the hypothalamic nucleus (STN). In the present paper, we provide up-to-date information on the stimulation of both mentioned brain areas. We also compare the efficacy of the two methods by comparing the two available studies, which included the largest groups of patients. Although GPi stimulation is more frequently used clinically, our initial analysis indicates comparable results (reduction of involuntary movements) with STN DBS.
Research on Recent Progress in the Treatment of Thin Endometrium
Authors: Xu Tao , Kong Na
Published: November 2022

The endometrium is an important part of the uterus. The human endometrium is a complex and dynamic tissue that goes through phases of growth and regression during any menstrual cycle. A thin endometrium might be relevant to a lower rate of implantation as well as a higher rate of miscarriage. Several treatments have been developed for thin endometrium, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, stem cell therapy, acupuncture and physical therapy, among others. These approaches have been shown to have effects on the endometrium related to reducing the area of fibrosis, increasing the number of glands, promoting angiogenesis, increasing endometrial thickness, improving tissue structure, and increasing pregnancy rates. This review summarizes the key role of these treatments in repairing thin endometrium and improving clinical pregnancy rates
Resource Concentration and Clustering in Replicator Dynamics with Stochastic Reset Events
Authors: Gómez Garay Ignacio T. , Zanette Damián H.
Published: November 2022

As a model for economic and ecological systems, replicator dynamics represents a basic form of agent competition for finite resources. Here, we investigate the effects of stochastic resetting in this kind of processes. Random reset events abruptly lead individual resources to a small value from which dynamics must start anew. Numerical results show that resource distribution over the population of competing agents develops highly nonuniform profiles, exhibiting clustering and fluctuations with anomalous dependence on the population size. This non-standard statistical behavior jeopardizes an analytical treatment based on mean-field assumptions. We propose alternative simplified analytical approaches which provide a stylized description of entropy evolution for the clustered distribution of resources and explain the unusually slow decrease of fluctuations.
The Antennal Sensory Structures of Anagyrus vladimiri Female (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
Authors: Sevarika Milos , Giannotti Paolo , Lucchi Andrea , Roberto Romani
Published: November 2022

The Encyrtidae encompass large group of insects widely used in the biocontrol programs of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Here we investigated antennal sensory system organization of Anagyrus vladimiri females, a species widely used as a biocontrol agent of Planococcus spp. and Pseudococcus spp. Ultrastructural investigations with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy revealed filiform antennae made of nine segments. The scape was enlarged and paddle-like, compared to the other antennomeres. The club was mono-segmented and housed the highest number of sensilla. On the antennae, eight morphologically different types of sensilla were recorded; sensilla trichoidea I, trichoidea II, chaetica I, chaetica II, grooved peg sensilla, campaniform sensilla, multiporous plate sensilla, multiporous basiconic sensilla. The sensilla belonged to the major types sensilla types (olfactory, gustatory, thermos-hygroreceptor). The sensilla trichoidea I and multiporous plate sensilla were the most abundant types. The potential functional role of each sensillum was discussed.
Vaccination with Formulation of Nanoparticles Loaded with Leishmania amazonensis Antigens Confers Protection against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis in Hamster
Authors: González Marco Antonio Cabrera , Gonçalves Ana Alice Maia , Ottino Jennifer , Leite Jaqueline Costa , Resende Lucilene Aparecida , Melo-Júnior Otoni Alves , Silveira Patrícia , Cardoso Mariana Santos , Fujiwara Ricardo T. , Bueno Lilian , Santos Renato Lima , Carvalho Tatiane Furtado de , GARCIA GIANI MARTINS , Paes Paulo Ricardo de Oliveira , Galdino Alexsandro Sobreira , Chávez-Fumagalli Miguel Angel , Martins Marília , Silveira-Lemos Denise da , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , Dutra Walderez Ornelas , Mosqueira Vanessa , Giunchetti Rodolfo Cordeiro
Published: November 2022

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)is a fatal disease caused by the protozoa Leishmania infantum for which dogs are the main reservoirs. A vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) could be an important tool in the control of human and CVL by reducing the infection pressure of L. infantum. Despite the CVL vaccine available on the market, the Brazilian Ministry of Health did not implement the use of it in their control programs. In this sense, there is an urgent need to develop more efficient vaccines. In this study, the association between two polymeric nanoformulations, [poly (D, L-lactic) acid (PLA) polymer] loading Leishmania amazonensis antigens, was evaluated as a potential immunobiological agent against VL using golden hamsters as an experimental model. The results indicated that no significant adverse reactions were observed in animals vaccinated with LAPSmP. LAPSmP presented similar levels of total anti-Leishmania IgG as compared to LAPSmG. The LAPSmP and LAPSmG groups showed an intense reduction in liver and spleen parasitic load by qPCR. The LAPSmP and LAPSmG vaccines showed exceptional results, indicating that they may be promising candidates as a VL vaccine.
Universe as a Graph (Ramsey Approach to Analysis of Physical Systems)
Authors: Shvalb Nir , Frenkel Mark , Shoval Shraga , Bormashenko Edward
Published: November 2022

Application of the Ramsey graph theory to the analysis of physical systems is reported. Physical interactions may be very generally classified as attractive and repulsive. This classification creates the premises for the application of the Ramsey theory to the analysis of physical systems built of electrical charges, electric and magnetic dipoles. The notions of mathematical logic, such as transitivity and intransitivity relations, become crucial for understanding of behavior of physical systems. The Ramsey approach may be applied to the analysis of mechanical systems, when actual and virtual paths between the states in configurational space are considered. Irreversible mechanical and thermodynamic processes are seen within the reported approach as directed graphs. Chains of irreversible processes appear as transitive tournaments. These tournaments are acyclic; the transitive tournaments necessarily contain the Hamiltonian path. The set of states in the phase space of the physical system, between which irreversible processes are possible, is considered. Hamiltonian path of the tournament emerging from the graph uniting these states is a relativistic invariant. Applications of the Ramsey theory to the general relativity become possible when the discrete changes in the metric tensor are assumed. Reconsideration of the concept of “simultaneity” within the Ramsey approach is reported.
LSTM Applied for Commodity Futures Price Forecast
Authors: Jesus Gabriel Schneider de , Hoppe Aurélio Faustino , Sartori Andreza , Leithardt Valderi Reis Quietinho
Published: November 2022

This article presents the implementation of a model to estimate the future price of commodities in the Brazilian market from time series of short-term technical evaluation. For this, data from two databases were used, one referring to the foreign market (opening values, maximum, minimum, closing, closing adjustment and volume) and the other, from the Brazilian market (the price of the day), considering commodities, sugar, cotton, corn, soybean and wheat. Subsequently, the technical indicators were calculated from the TA-Lib technical analysis library. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was applied, records with low correlation were removed, and then the database was consolidated. From the pre-processed data, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks were used to perform data prediction at the one and three day interval. These models were evaluated using the mean square error (MSE), obtaining results between 0.00010 and 0.00037 on test data one day ahead, and from 0.00017 to 0.00042 three days ahead. However, based on the results obtained, it was observed that the developed model obtained a promising forecasting performance for all the commodities evaluated. As a main contribution, there is the consolidation of databases that can be used in future scientific research. Furthermore, based on its interpretation, it can assist in decision making regarding the buying and selling of commodities to increase financial gains.
Quantification of DNA of Fusarium culmorum and Trichothecene Genotypes 3ADON and NIV in the Grain of Winter Wheat
Authors: Góral Tomasz , Przetakiewicz Jarosław , Ochodzki Piotr , Wiewióra Barbara , Wiśniewska Halina
Published: November 2022

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a wheat disease caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium. The aim of the study was to find relationships between the weather conditions in the experimental years and the locations and the amount of F. culmorum DNA and trichothecene genotypes, as well as the proportions between them. A three-year field experiment (2017, 2018 and 2019) was established at two locations (Poznań, Radzików). F. culmorum DNA was detected in all grain samples in an average amount of 20124 pg per 1 g of wheat DNA. The average amount of DNA from the 3ADON genotype was 4879 pg/μg and the amount of DNA from the NIV genotype was 3330 pg/μg. In the three experimental years, a large variability was observed in the coefficients of correlation between DNA concentrations and the FHB index, FDK, ergosterol, and the corresponding toxins. There were significant correlations between disease incidence, fungal biomass (quantified as the total amount of fungal DNA or DNA trichothecene genotypes) and toxins (DON, 3AcDON and NIV) concentrations. The 3ADON trichothecene genotype dominates over the NIV genotype (ratio 1.5); however, this varied greatly depending on environmental conditions.
Applied Behavior Analysis and the Zoo: Forthman and Ogden (1992) Thirty Years Later
Authors: Fernandez Eduardo , Martin Allison
Published: November 2022

The field of applied behavior analysis has been directly involved in both research and applications of behavioral principles to improve the lives of captive zoo animals. Thirty years ago, Forthman and Ogden (1992) wrote one of the first papers documenting some of these efforts. Since that time, considerable work has been done using behavioral principles and procedures to guide zoo welfare efforts. The current paper re-examines and updates Forthman and Ogden’s original points, with attention to the five categories they detailed: (1) promotion of species-typical behavior, (2) reintroduction and repatriation of endangered species, (3) animal handling, (4) pest control, and (5) animal performances. In addition, we outline three current and future directions for behavior analytic endeavors: (i) experimental analyses of behavior and the zoo, (ii) applied behavior analysis and the zoo, and (iii) within-subject methodology and the zoo. The goal is to provide a framework that can guide future behavioral research in zoos, as well as create applications based on these empirical evaluations.
Implementation of Large Area Diffractive Lens Using Multiple Sub-Aperture Diffractive Lenses and Computational Reconstruction
Authors: Gopinath Shivasubramanian , Praveen Periyasamy Angamuthu , Kahro Tauno , Bleahu Andrei , Arockiaraj Francis Gracy , Smith Daniel , Ng Soon Hock , Juodkazis Saulius , Kukli Kaupo , Tamm Aile , Anand Vijayakumar
Published: November 2022

Direct imaging systems that create an image of an object directly on the sensor in a single step are prone to many constraints as a perfect image is required to be recorded within this step. In designing high resolution direct imaging systems with a diffractive lens, the outermost zone width either reaches the lithography limit or the diffraction limit itself imposing challenges in fabrication. However, if the imaging mode is switched to an indirect one consisting of multiple steps to complete imaging, then different possibilities open up. One such methods is the widely used indirect imaging method with Golay configuration telescopes. In this study, a Golay-like configuration has been adapted to realize a large area diffractive lens with three sub-aperture diffractive lenses. The sub-aperture diffractive lenses are not required to collect light and focus them to a single point as in a direct imaging system but to focus independently on different points within the sensor area. This approach of Large Area Diffractive lens with Integrated Sub-Apertures (LADISA) relaxes the fabrication constraints and allows the sub-aperture diffractive elements to have a larger outermost zone width and smaller area. The diffractive sub-apertures were manufactured using photolithography. The fabricated diffractive element has been implemented in indirect imaging mode using non-linear reconstruction and Lucy-Richardson-Rosen algorithm with synthesized point spread functions. The computational optical experiments revealed an improved optical and computational imaging resolutions compared to previous studies.
EUROPEAN HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS. VERTICAL HABITAT
Authors:   Politechnika Wrocławska, Poland Wydzial Informatyki i Telekomunikacji, Zamojski Tomasz
Published: November 2022

Tall residential buildings are common "elements" of modern cities and have a strong influence on the composition and social life in their surroundings. In fact, tall residential buildings create "small" vertical neighborhoods in cities, which are often dominated by them in the context of urban composition, social, high population density in a small area. This can create many conflicts between architectural beauty, business interests, social functionality, and the needs of the residents of the locations. In this paper, special interest is focused on the assessment and systematics of tall residential buildings in European cities, functionality and structure, and their immediate surroundings.
LITEWSKI SQUARE IN LUBLIN: A SITE OF SYMBOLS AND MONUMENTS
Authors:   West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland Faculty of Architecture, Czekiel-Świtalska Elżbieta , Szymski Adam M. ,   West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland Faculty of Architecture
Published: November 2022

The study of the existence and location of monuments on Litewski Square in Lublin was conducted in the field and via an analysis of the literature, maps, photos and pictures from various years. Squares with such a high number of various monuments, including those of significant value on a nationwide scale. Memorials and key elements of the square existed in different years and were situated in various places. Across various periods, a total of seven monuments and one significant tree were located here. There were also more development elements, including the Independence bench or valuable trees, yet the authors focused solely on the eight major monuments that were also symbols of the place, the city and the country.
BUILDING VENTILATION ACROSS HISTORY – EXAMPLES
Authors:   Politechnika Krakowska, Poland Wydział Architektury Katedra Projektowania Budowlanego, Gaczoł Tomasz
Published: November 2022

Various cases from history indicate that the chimney is an important architectural detail in a building. Its shape, size and place where it rises above the roof affect the outline of a building and can even testify to the wealth of the family that inhabits it, as was the case in Portugal, among others. However, a chimney sometimes transforms from an architectural detail into a dominant element, which is not beneficial to the building’s overall massing. At present, ventilation is not only based on the design of ventilation ducts, but also on a comprehensive approach to design that affects the shaping of a building’s massing.
Algoritma Apriori sebagai Penentu Pola Penjualan Produk Jeans
Authors: Astuti Yuli , Novitasari Heni
Published: November 2022

Pada transaksi penjualan produk yang diminati sangat berpangaruh, sehingga pemilik toko harus bisa mengambil keputusan untuk menentukan jumlah barang yang harus disediakan pada tokonya. Salah satu kasus yang paling sering ditemui, yaitu apabila persediaan atau produksi barang dalam jumlah yang banyak, namun hasil  penjualan barang tersebut tidak sebanyak atau sebanding dengan produksi barang. Maka berdasarkan kasus ini, diperlukan sebuah perencanaan yang efektif baik untuk jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek bergantung pada pola penjualan barangnya. Untuk menentukan pola penjualan digunakan algoritma Apriori untuk menghasilkan association rule dalam menentukan atau menyediakan stok barang sesuai kebutuhan konsumen  dalam masa mendatang yang lebih efektif. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 150 data transaksi penjualan dengan cara melakukan pencarian pola penjualan dimana nilai minimal support sama confidence sebagai parameter yang dilihat berdasarkan frequents itemset tertinggi dimana nilai minimal support adalah 10 dan nilai confidence adalah 15, sesuai aturan asosiasi yang terbentuk, nilai tertinggi terdapat dalam produk penjulan chinos panjang dan jeans panjang dengan nilai minimal support 26,67% dan nilai confidence 44,94%. Nilai akurasi menggunakan metode confusion matrix dengan hasil akurasi  sebesar 83,33% pada aturan asosiasi dengan pengaturan nilai minimal support 10% dan minimum confidence 15%.
Plan de negocio de spa para mascotas en el distrito de Santiago de Surco
Authors:   , Moreno Reyes Yessenia Milagros , Valdiviezo Torres Carlos Enrique , Cespedes Caceres Lucy Geovana , Cubas Quiroz Renato Andres , Espinosa Elguera Maria Pia
Published: November 2022

En los últimos años el país atravesó una situación muy difícil a raíz del Covid – 19, la gran mayoría de personas se vieron sumamente afectadas económicamente y por ello el país atravesó una fuerte crisis, que fue manejada de la mejor manera posible por el gobierno. Pese a ello se tuvieron que tomar medidas drásticas para sobrellevar la situación, como la cuarentena o el servicio a domicilio. Debido a esta situación, la mayoría de las personas optó por manejar los negocios por internet y a su vez con delivery, etc. Tratando en lo menor posible de exponerse a algún tipo de contagio. Actualmente, con la llegada de las vacunas, que reforzó de manera significativa la protección contra el COVID – 19, la reactivación de los negocios se ha ido dando de manera que cierta parte de la población ya se ha reincorporado a sus centros de labores, aumentando así los puestos laborales y la recuperación económica de muchos peruanos. Por ello, el presente plan será adaptado en las necesidades de los clientes, con el uso de las herramientas necesarias en cuanto a la tecnología y el servicio a domicilio especializado. Contaremos con una sede principal en la que se realizarán los servicios, en una zona con alta demanda ubicada de manera estratégica para nuestro plan de negocio. La idea que tenemos para nuestro negocio es el servicio de spa para mascotas, el cual contará con sus dos principales servicios que son el baño profesional y el grooming que consiste en el corte profesional para mascotas. La realización del servicio será B2C, contaremos con redes sociales y con la página web, en donde los clientes podrán ingresar y encontrar toda la información requerida…
Implementación de una solución de telepresencia para la gestión de atenciones a usuarios finales, en una empresa privada, 2021
Authors:   , Cruz Benites Walter Jhon , Zamalloa Chiang Maria Natalia
Published: November 2022

El enfoque de la siguiente investigación fue demostrar que la implementación de una solución de telepresencia, no es solo el despliegue tecnológico para la comunicación en la empresa, sino también, se enfoca en generar confianza mediante la disponibilidad y accesibilidad, en relación a la ubicación geográfica, tiempos y optimización de recursos empleados. Esta tecnología permite mejora a grandes rasgos, todo proceso de comunicación en tiempo real que disponga una empresa o entidad, entre ellos el proceso de gestión a usuarios finales durante el periodo de emergencia sanitaria por el COVID - 19. La metodología para esta investigación fue con un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicado, pre-experimental, con corte longitudinal. La muestra estuvo conformada por un grupo de 168 usuarios clientes de la empresa Vive Cusco S.R.L. El instrumento fue validado mediante juicio de expertos, con una confiabilidad explicada por el alfa de Cronbach, mostrando en el pre-test un coeficiente de 0.726 y en el post-test de 0.743, estableciendo un grado de fiabilidad para ambos casos. Los resultados fueron probados mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon, permitiendo concluir que la implementación de una solución de telepresencia impacta positivamente, incrementando la satisfacción de la gestión de usuarios finales, en una empresa privada, 2021.
Digital model of groundwater technogenesis as an element of sustainable development of the urban environment
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SEMYACHKOV Alexander , SEMYACHKOV Konstantin ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to create a digital twin of the sludge reservoir, which allows modeling and predicting the impact of technogenic formation on the sustainability of urban development, in particular, on the state of groundwater. The research methodology is to simulate groundwater based on numerical simulation using the ModTech 2.21 program. This program is designed to solve problems of various equations and partial derivatives that describe the geo-filtration of the environment, using a numerical method on a three-dimensional finite-difference grid. In order to assess the sustainable development of the urban environment in the city of Sterlitomak, a digital twin of the urban area was created in terms of groundwater. Sludge accumulator «White Sea» is a unique man-made object located in the city of Sterlitomak and affecting groundwater due to infiltration losses of distiller fluid through the bed of the sludge reservoir. According to the simulation results, the infiltration losses of the SHBM are 3078 m3/day or 1123470 m3/year. The incoming part of the balance is formed due to the attraction of river runoff, infiltration nutrition, and the outgoing part is due to the discharge of groundwater into surface water. The model assessment was carried out in relation to the conditions of migration of the main pollutant component in the territory of the «White Sea» - chlorides. With the help of the created digital model, it is possible to assess, predict and manage the situation in the urban environment in terms of groundwater. Digitalization through the use of intelligent solutions and innovations in the field of digital technologies makes it possible to understand the processes occurring in social, man-made, and natural systems at a new level. The next step in creating digital twins can be models of electronic maps of soil cover or vegetation, the state of the air basin, and more. The same models can be created on the basis of economic and social indicators. This is necessary for planning the sustainable development of the urban environment.
Technology of formation of ecologically adequate relief during reclamation of hydraulic dumps
Authors:   Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences, FEDOTENKO Viktor , FEDOTENKO Natalia ,   Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2022

Introduction. To date, one of the key consequences and conditions of the technogenic transformation of the subsoil is the violation of land. The process of land disturbance occurs during the extraction of minerals, the performance of geological exploration, survey, construction and other works that lead to a violation of the soil cover, the hydrological regime of the terrain, the formation of anthropogenic relief and other qualitative changes in the state of the earth’s surface, which represents their operational degradation. In this regard, it is very relevant to consider the issues of dumping and recultivation of land with the use of means of hydromechanization, the development of technology and justification of the parameters of hydraulic dumping, as well as technological schemes and the procedure for filling the hydraulic dump, taking into account the low rate of consolidation of rocks of heavy mechanical composition, which delays the process of recultivation and the return of land to agricultural use. The purpose of the research. Solving the problem of ecologically adequate relief restoration during reclamation of hydraulic dumps, ensuring the return of land to the natural geomorphosystem of landscape complexes with their former functions, excluding the formation of a contour slope of the alluvial surface in relation to the slope of the valley. Research results. The proposed technology and parameters of hydraulic dump formation provide a significant improvement in the environmental situation due to the fact that the slope of the surface of the hydraulic dump coincides with the slope of the valley talvega. The results of the work have practical implementation in terms of reclamation of hydraulic dumps on the territory of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. The proposed approach makes it possible to establish the shape of the relief to perform its inherent functions in the morphosystem of the region and, depending on the lithological composition of rocks, to determine the most stable surface configuration that provides conditions for assimilation of the recultivated surface, formed in the logic of natural processes of evolutionary transformation of the subsoil.
Assessment of the degree of influence of the solid phase of mine wateron the durability of the hydraulic foot assembly of the sectional pump of the main drainage plant of the Udachny mine
Authors:   M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, OVCHINNIKOV Nickolay
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The main factors, which negatively influence on durability of balancing ring of sectional pump, are presented. Object of study. The sectional pumps of the dewatering facilities of the kimberlite mine “Udachny”. The purpose of the research. Assessment of the mine waters solid phase influence degree on balancing ring durability of sectional pump to clarify the expected technical and economic effect of penetration of an additional clarifying tank in the conditions of the main drainage of the kimberlite mine “Udachny”. Research methodology.The results of inspections of the failed balancing rings allowed to establish the main types of their damage. Next, according to the results of analytical researches main factors were determined, which are accompanied with loss of operability of balancing ring. Then, with the help of correlation and regression analysis degree of influence of each of the factors on the durability of balancing ring was estimated. Research results. According to the visual inspection, the hydroabrasive wear is most strongly manifested in places of contact friction of parts of the balancing ring unit.It has been found that the life of the balancing ring unit of the sectional pump with the smooth start of a separately taken water drainage plant can be calculated as a linear function of the conditional intensity of the hydro-abrasive-adhesive wear of its parts, which is the product of the concentration of mechanical impurities in the mine waters and the wear resistance coefficient of the metal, which takes into account the total operating time of the pump in transient modes. In the underground development of kimberlite ores, the service life of the balancing ring unit is primarily determined by the pressure developed by the sectional pump. At the kimberlite mine “Udachny” of PJSC ALROSA, where there is a maximum concentration of mechanical impurities in the mine waters under the conditions of the main water drainage, the additional clarifying reservoir is driven by a useful volume, which significantly exceeds the operating water-collecting mining workings.The inclusion of this clarifying tank in the current process chain for clarifying mine waters will significantly reduce the content of solid phase in them, which in theory should positively affect the durability of the components of the flow part of the pumping equipment, including the balancing ring unit.
Application of drilling machines with impact cam mechanism in various mining and geological conditions
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, TEPLYAKOVA Anna , ZHUKOV Ivan ,   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, MARTYUSHEV Nikita ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: November 2022

Purpose. The article is devoted to the search and analysis of well-known technical solutions of drilling machines equipped with a cam impact mechanism, according to the results of which fundamentally new scientific tasks are set related to the substantiation of the design parameters of the impact unit of the drilling machine, providing the possibility of automatic adaptation of drilling modes in changing mining and geological conditions. Research methods. To implement the impact of the tool on the rock, a cam mechanism is built into the design of the machine, which provides the generation of a given impact energy. Cam mechanisms are represented by a wide variety, among which the most suitable for equipping impact drilling machines is a cylindrical end cam mechanism in which the leading link – the cam performs a rotational movement, converted into a reciprocating motion of the output link – the pusher-striker. Rational cam profiling makes it possible to implement a certain law of pusher motion with a sufficient degree of accuracy, and, consequently, to solve the problem of choosing the optimal impact energy. Research results. Based on the results of the critical analysis of the structural schemes of the above machines and mechanisms, new research tasks are being set for science and practice, the implementation of which will allow obtaining new scientific knowledge in the field of the use of cam mechanisms in impact drilling machines. Conclusions. The use of impact cam mechanisms of a special structure and geometry makes it possible to realize the idea of creating a drilling machine capable of automatically adapting operating modes to operational mining and geological conditions.
Examination of Cysteine, Glutamine and Isoleucine as Methane-Propane Gas Hydrate Kinetic Inhibitors
Authors: Longinos Sotirios , Longinou Dionisia Dimitra , Tuleugaliyev Mirlan , Parlaktuna Mahmut
Published: November 2022

Gas hydrates are recognized as a significant concern to the oil and gas flow assurance, as it generates pipelines blockages. In this research three alterative amino acids such as: glutamine, cysteine and isoleucine investigated if they work as kinetic inhibitors on methane-propane gas hydrate creation. The outcomes indicated that cysteine worked as inhibitor while isoleucine and glutamine worked as promoters (glutamine>isoleucine) for both hydrate formation and induction time. Experiments with glutamine and isoleucine have the highest value of hydrate productivity while the lowest value of hydrate productivity belongs to experiments with cysteine. From hydrodynamic behavior, radial flow experiments indicated better gas liquid contact compared to mixed flow experiments.
Improving the Approach to Assessing the Production Potential from Well Interventions for Mature Fields with a Large Well Stock
Authors: Sun Darya , Yudin Evgeny , Slabetsky Andrey , Vorobyev Dmitry , Studinskiy Roman , Martynyuk Roman , Chervyak Artem
Published: November 2022

This paper describes a comprehensive solution for the management of technological and economic potential, implemented using a digital information system (IS) - SPecTR, which includes a section of the Unified Register of geological and technical measures with automatic selection and multi-user expertise of geological and technical measures in the production and injection stocks, as well as Well Intervention Efficiency Monitoring section.

A significant advantage of the information system under development is the maximum automation of the entire selection process and subsequent monitoring of success: from the input data needed to calculate, i.e. technological modes of operation of wells, isobar maps, porosity and permeability, initial and residual oil saturated layers, well logging data interpretation results, well coordinates, charts, PVT data, etc., - to to determination of the risks to the performance of light and heavy well interventions for each specific well, calculating incremental oil flow rates and economic viability for the selected well intervention candidates, conducting factor analysis of achieving the planned effect of well interventions, etc.

The described system provides for a unified approach to determining the technological (production) potential for various Gazprom Neft's assets. At the same time, the system can be called flexible since it enables users from various Subsidiaries to "customize" the candidate selection process with account of specifics of their assets: by including additional selection criteria in the selection process, adjusting thresholds, setting well intervention design parameters for calculating the target conditions, etc.

The SPecTR system is currently implemented and has been undergoing commercial operation at 9 Subsidiaries of Gazpromneft.
Geothermal Energy in Caspian Region: Study of Heat Extraction Methods from Deep Wells
Authors: Abdrazakov Dmitriy
Published: November 2022

Geothermal energy currently occupies an insignificant role in the renewable energy balance. This is explained by its low heat flow rate and the significant investments associated with heat mining. However, the geothermal heat flow is continuous and non-interruptible and occurs everywhere in the lithosphere. Existing oil and gas fields’ subsurface and surface infrastructure and expertise can significantly decrease capital expenditures for geothermal heat extraction. Taking this idea as a basis, the study of geothermal heat production from existing oil and gas fields of the pre-Caspian region of Kazakhstan was performed.

Since this work is one of the first attempts to estimate the geothermal heat potential of the existing oil and gas industry infrastructure in Kazakhstan, the study consists of two big parts. First part is the detailed theoretical review of the geothermal heat extraction methods which may be potentially applied in Kazakhstan. Special attention in the literature review section was given to enhanced geothermal systems and closed loop systems, because they have many technologies in common with the oil and gas industry (completion concepts, hydraulic fracturing etc.). Second part is the quantitative estimation of the geothermal potential based on twenty oil fields, with several wells in each field as trial sites. Quantitative estimation considers pragmatic and optimistic scenario of future investments.

The study showed that even in the pragmatic scenario in which the water-producing wells are turned into hydrothermal producers, the recoverable effective heat reaches 420 TJ in total for all wells in the selected fields. However, the demand for the geothermal heating of the industrial and household objects near the selected fields was estimated to be three times higher. Thus, a more proactive geothermal strategy was considered. This strategy yields ~9800 TJ of recoverable effective heat, which covers the demand and provides excess for the growth. Based on the reservoir properties and economic perspective estimations, it was defined that enhanced geothermal systems and closed loop systems will be less abundant in the given region in a short term. However, with development of the geothermal technologies and increase of investments, these systems may have increased importance. On the other hand, direct hydrothermal producers and well doublets (injector connected to producer through the permeable reservoir), most probably, will be a prevailing method of the geothermal heat mining in the pre-Caspian region of Kazakhstan in the short and medium terms.
Facies Modelling in Thin Bedded Heterogeneous Reservoir – A Case Study from Dunga Field Aptian Reservoir
Authors: Ospanova Assel , Pinto Pedro , Takirov Zhandos , Runge Trevor , Mukherjee Supriya , Melvin Angela
Published: November 2022

The Dunga field Aptian reservoir is very thin bedded and heterogenous at a fine (cm) scale below log resolution and presents distinct challenges for reservoir modelling. This paper describes methods for upscaling detailed thin bed reservoir description and facies mapping from core and log data to build a 3D geological facies model.

The Dunga Field is penetrated by approximately 190 wells, of which 9 are cored. Field wide correlation of the main reservoir units is sub-seismic and below biostratigraphic resolution. A novel method using step outs (cluster correlations) from the key cored wells to the closely spaced vertical well penetrations has provided a more detailed correlation and mapping of reservoir units. The method has provided consistent and field wide definition of depositional trends and architecture of deltaic mouthbars which form the main reservoir sandbodies.

Facies modelling of the heterogeneous reservoir was built by integrating and upscaling detailed core data, well data and depositional trends. Four facies, identified from log and core evaluation, are modelled using stochastic method (SIS), where facies fraction was controlled by up-scaled cells. The variogram directions of facies model are guided by sand body depositional trends. Depth appropriate facies probability maps are used for modelling clean sand and heterolithics facies to guide facies distribution.

The detailed study carried out to build the 3D geological facies model is helping to achieve better production history matching and is being used for future well planning.
First Successful Double Casing Window Opening in HPHT Well in MCA
Authors: Cruz Andrea , Caballero Guillermo , Melo Elías , Almendra Denis , Noguez Mario , Hernández José
Published: November 2022

The recent decline in crude oil production has needed more subsurface explorations to sustain and increase oil production in Mexico. The Client has discovered high potential fields with wells around 7,500 m (24,605 ft) to 8,200 m (26,902 ft) with high pressure, high temperature and hard formation features.

On deep HPHT wells, many challenges have been identified for drilling and completion, which can lead to the execution of challenging operations for reaching the objective of the well.

It is common to sidetrack the wells due to geological or mechanical failures. In Mexico, around 430 jobs were performed successfully in large casing sizes such as 9-5/8", 11-3/4" and 13-3/8" onshore and offshore. What is uncommon is to sidetrack the wells in smaller casing sizes (9-5/8" and 7"), with non-conventional grades, such as TAC-140, which is only used in Mexico with the record of three unsuccessful jobs (two onshore wells and one offshore well) to this day.

The work presented here aims to share the process of opening a window in a dual casing in hard steel (TAC-140) in a very complex and challenging environment.
Application of Machine Learning Techniques for Rate of Penetration Prediction
Authors: Safarov Asad , Iskandarov Vusal , Solomonov David
Published: November 2022

In this paper, several supervised machine learning algorithms have been used to develop the model for rate of penetration prediction. To train the models, real-time drilling parameters and geological log data from 3 distinct wells in the South Caspian basin are used. The different machine learning techniques, such as linear and non-linear machine learning and deep artificial neural networks, trained the well data. The evaluation metric for training is Root Mean Square Error, however the performances of the regressions are evaluated on the data using R-squared for their comparison.

Rate of penetration, or simply ROP, is the speed of the drill bit penetrating into the formation. Overall, it indicates at which rate the borehole deepens. Its value depends on the drilling parameters, such as weight on bit, applied torque, mud flow rate, rotation per minute and others. In addition, the mechanical strength of the rock formation also plays a great role, and well log data is used to assume this value for each point. That is why these features in the training datasets have high vulnerability.

Comparing various techniques, Random Forest gives us the most optimal model in terms of accuracy and computational power. The average R-squared for Random Forest is 0.90. Although RNN and LSTM models can give nearly the same fit for given test data, it takes considerably much more time to train the models due to their complexity and show relatively lower accuracy on test data, therefore it is not a reasonable choice. Furthermore, another deep learning model is deployed to generate well logs for the following sections which supports optimizing ROP and drilling performance.
Model for Nonsteady Water Removal from Horizontal Gas Wells
Authors: Samolovov Dmitrii , Apasov Renat , Varavva Artem
Published: November 2022

The paper considers the process of removal and accumulation of liquid in horizontal trunks of gas wells and land gas pipelines. A mechanistic model of the process is constructed, an equation is derived that describes the dynamics of the process of removal and accumulation of liquid, criteria for the removal of liquid are determined, as well as the main dimensionless factors that affect the nature of the process. A method for static analysis of the area of stable operation of a well is proposed. The results of the work can be used in designing the trajectories of projected horizontal gas wells, to evaluate the operation parameters of actual wells and gas pipelines, and to plan measures for cleaning horizontal gas wells from liquid.