bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Composition of Dikiri Coconut
Authors: K.D.P.P. Gunathilake
Published: April 2020

Dikiri, an abnormal type of coconut found mainly in the southern part of Sri Lanka, was analyzed for its proximate composition, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamin C and fatty acid profile. Pectin was isolated and characterized (moisture, ash, acetyl value, methoxyl value, equivalent value) from dikiri coconut. Dikiri coconut contains 38.91± 0.9%, 2.95 ± 0.2%, 58.21± 3.6%, 17.62 ± 0.2%, 6.63 ± 0.3% and14.59% dry matter, ash, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate respectively. The main dietary fiber components of Dikiri coconut were pectin and hemicellulose while that of normal coconut was cellulose. Lignin content was significantly lower in the kernel of dikiri coconut(3.98±0.9) than normal coconut kernel(6.14±0.7%). Equivalent weight, methoxyl value, moisture, ash and acetyl value of dikiri pectin were 1052.7 ± 11.08, 8.72 ± 0.25, 85.8 ±1.65, 0.8 ± 0.04 and 0.09 ± 0.01 respectively. The main mineral found in dikiri was potassium. Vitamin C content of dikiri coconut was 2.32 mg/100g. The fatty acids composition of dikiri was similar to normal coconut and saturated fatty acids constituted nearly 90% of total fatty acids and lauric acid is the main fatty acid followed by myristic acid.
Makapuno Coconut: A Potential New Commercial Source of Galactomannan
Authors: Maria Judith B. Rodriguez
Published: April 2020

Novel uses of Makapuno mutant coconut were explored. The focus was on the endosperm, which is rich in galactomannan as compared with that of the normal coconut. Galactomannan, also referred to as gum, is a non-starch polysaccharide that can vary in physicochemical properties depending on the plant source. The galactomannans available in the market are imported and sourced mostly from temperate leguminous plants.

An inexpensive, large-scale method of isolating galactomannan from waste Makapuno liquid endosperm was developed. The powder produced could be classified into different grades according to purity, fineness, color and whether it is food-grade or not. It has the functional properties of a thickener, binder, extender, gelling agent, emulsifier and stabilizer.

To showcase the use of Makapuno galactomannan as a plant-based biopolymer and a hydrocolloid material, several formulations were tried and tested to come up with products such as biodegradable or edible film, jelly, hand and body lotion, and even electrophoresis gel. However, they have to be further improved in terms of quality, shelf life and safety for commercialization to be considered. Other prospective applications of Makapuno galactomannan are discussed.
Integrated Management of Major Coconut Pests Using Pheromone Lures
Authors: K. R. M. Bhanu
Published: April 2020

Red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros Linn. (Coleoptera: Scarabidae) and Black headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) are the three among major insect pests of coconut in India. Grubs of Red palm weevil (RPW) enter and complete their life cycle within the stem, killing the tree, adults of Rhinoceros beetle (RB) feed on the growing point of the tree and cause yield loss and the larvae of black headed caterpillar scrape and feed on the green part of the coconut leaflets leading to burnt symptoms of the fronds, death of young trees and yield loss. Aggregation pheromones of RPW and RB are used for monitoring and mass trapping of RPW and RB to manage the pest under economic threshold level. During 2006-07 large scale field trials for RPW and RB were carried out in four different states in India by PCI under a partially funded Coconut Development Board (CDB) project using indigenously synthesized pheromone lures. It was demonstrated that the pheromone lures predominantly attracted virgin and gravid females of RPW and RB. Female sex pheromone of black headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella was also identified and developed in India by PCI, under a project partially funded by CDB; dispensers, dosage and traps were standardized under field conditions and further trials were also conducted in India. It was also established that pheromone lures can be used as a monitoring and a surveillance tool for understanding the pest status before the release parasitoids and natural enemies.
Preparation of Bakery Products Using Coconut Flour and Glycemic Response on Normal Healthy Adults
Authors: Lalitha Ramaswamy
Published: April 2020

Bakery products are ideal foods through which nutrition can be delivered to the consumers in an acceptable form. The feasibility of incorporating coconut flour in bakery products has been studied. Four recipes namely; biscuit, wheat bread, pizza base and puff pastry were formulated using 10%, 20% and 30% levels of coconut flour by replacing the major flour of the recipe. Organoleptic evaluation of the products showed that the products were acceptable up to 30% level in biscuits, pizza base and puff pastry and up to 10% level in bread. ANOVA comparing the mean scores showed that there was significant difference in all the criteria. The digestible carbohydrate (CHO) and energy content of the coconut flour incorporated products were less than the standard ones, while the fiber content was more. Glycemic response of 30% incorporated biscuits (which was selected to be the most acceptable from among the formulated products) in normal adults was found to be lower than the standard.
Optimization of Aqueous Extraction of Virgin Coconut Oil Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: S. John Don Bosco
Published: April 2020

The present investigation deals with optimization of aqueous extraction process for maximum yield of virgin coconut oil (VCO) from coconut milk extracted from coconut meat.  Optimization of the process parameters including dilution ratio (w/w), grinding time (min), temperature (°C), cream separation time (hour) and pH was analyzed using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method and response surface methodology based central composite design methods. OFAT method revealed the dilution ratio of 1:1 and grinding time of 3 min to enhance the yield of VCO whereas central composite design optimized the temperature at 33°C, cream separation time for 4 hours and pH of coconut milk at 6.5 for the maximum VCO yield of 20.38/100g of fresh coconut meat contained 32.82g/100g fat (w/w). Hence the percentage oil recovery of VCO was found to be 83.12 per cent (w/w) of fat present in fresh coconut meat. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of central composite design revealed that temperature (P<0.05), pH (P<0.05) and interaction of these two parameters were highly significant for the yield of VCO with the second order model having the co-efficient of determination (R2) of 0.97.
Screening Coconut Cultivars for Tolerance to Infestation by the Coconut Mite, Aceria guerreronis (Keifer) in Sri Lanka
Authors: L. Perera
Published: April 2020

The coconut mite (Aceria guerreronis Keifer) is a tiny pest which severely damages the nuts of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera Linnaeus). At present there is no appropriate control method for this pest in Sri Lanka. Field observations have revealed difference in the severity of A. guerreronis mite infestation among selected and improved coconut cultivars in Sri Lanka. This difference has not been studied in depth and therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the levels of tolerance in selected and improved coconut cultivars and, if differences were demonstrated, to understand the mechanism behind the tolerance. A replicated trial in Thammenna Estate (TE) in Puttalam district in Sri Lanka, where the mite infestation was natural and severe, was selected for this study.  The trial was planted in 1983 and consisted of two improved coconut cultivars; Sri Lanka Yellow Dwarf x Sri Lanka Tall (YDT) and Sri Lanka Green Dwarf x Sri Lanka Tall (GDT) and the selected Sri Lanka Tall cultivar (TT) which has, green (TTG) and russet coloured (TTR) forms.  Population assessment of mites on immature nuts, damage initiation of the fourth bunch and harvest records were obtained. Further, characters that were thought to influence tolerance, such as nut shape as measured by ratio of length to breadth, the tightness of perianth to the nut surface and some changes in the affected tissues were also recorded. Yield data were collected for each cultivar to estimate the crop loss due to coconut mite damage. The results revealed that out of the cultivars tested in this trial, YDT had the lowest incidence of mite colonization and the smallest mite population size and symptom initiation compared to others. The distance between the perianth and nut surface, the least in YDT, is suggested as the most probable morphological feature that would impart tolerance to mite infestation.
Coconut Micropropagation in Mexico using Plumule and Floral Explants
Authors: Carlos Oropeza
Published: April 2020

This paper focuses on the research efforts carried out by CICY in Mexico on micropropagation of coconut. They started during the nineties in collaboration with Wye College (UK) and ORSTOM-CIRAD (France), with the development of a protocol that was reproducible and more efficient than previous ones, based on plumule explants grown in different media based on Y3 medium added with activated charcoal, gelling agent and of particular importance growth regulators 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Within the next decade basic research was carried out to study the process of somatic embryogenesis from plumule explants, with an approach including morpho-histological, physiological, biochemical and molecular points of view, in order to gain knowledge that could be useful to further improvement of the process. Also different practical approaches were tested including changes in the media formulation, embryogenic callus multiplication and secondary somatic embryogenesis. As a result a highly efficient protocol was developed that could potentially yield over a hundred thousand somatic embryos from a single plumule explant. Embryos were able to germinate and convert to plantlets, that after planting, successfully grew to sexual maturity and fruit production. This protocol is currently being scaled up to a semi-commercial level. Also within the past five years, a protocol using rachilla explants has been developed for the production of embryogenic callus and its multiplication, and embryos produced were able to germinate and convert to plantlets, setting the basis to develop a process for massive  propagation of coconut, such as the one already developed using plumule explants.
Feasibility of using Problematic Aquatic Weeds in Productive Manner by Generating Vermicompost in Coconut Triangle Area of Sri Lanka
Authors: S.H.S. Senarathne
Published: April 2020

Aquatic weeds cause severe productivity loss in agriculture. These plants invade lakes, ponds, rivers, canals and agricultural fields, becoming noxious weeds. The study was conducted at the vermicomposting unit of the Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila, in the Low country Dry Zone of North Western province of Sri Lanka from August 2012 to May 2013 to find out the feasibility of producing vermicompost from three aquatic weeds; Salvinia molesta, Eichhornia crassipes and Lagenandra toxicaria. Vermicompost and compost were prepared separately from aquatic weeds and Gliricidia and Guinea grass combinations. During the vermicomposting process, growth parameters of earthworms; number of earthworms, was taken in every ten days interval further, physical, chemical and biological properties of compost and vermicompost were analyzed. Experiment was carried out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatment and five replicates in each treatment. Eichhornia and Salvinia recorded the highest adult earthworm number and juvenile number with the lowest mortality rate. Electrical conductivity (6.75 dSm-1), organic carbon (13.21%), phosphorous (3.61%), potassium (5.03%) and calcium (6.12%) were significantly high in Lagenandra toxicaria, Gliricidia and Guinea grass treatment was significantly high in nitrogen content (3.93%) and low in C: N ratio (2.51), compared to aquatic weeds. Salvinia showed comparatively higher nitrogen content and lower C: N ratio among aquatic weeds. Both Eichhornia and Lagenandra showed significantly higher microbial activity. Vermicompost was superior in all the properties compared to compost in the same substrate. The study revealed that aquatic weeds such as Salvinia molesta, Eichhornia crassipes and Lagenandra toxicaria which are readily available in the coconut triangle can be successfully used to produce Vermicompost. It can be concluded that the Vermicompost produced from aquatic weeds locally could be a suitable organic fertilizer for organic coconut farming in Sri Lanka.
Influence of Long Term Application of Green Manure on the Productivity of Coconut Cultivated in Reddish Brown Latosolic Soils in Sri Lanka
Authors: S.H.S. Senarathne
Published: April 2020

Organic matter contributes in maintaining soil fertility in agriculture.  Green leaf biomasses of Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia are high in plant nutrients and recognized as potential green manure sources for many crops.  In a field experiment carried out in a coconut plantation with Reddish Brown Latosolic soil,   two green manure crops were grown to study their abilities and establishment in coconut avenues and to evaluate their effect on nut yield.  In situ green manuring, especially with legumes, had the most beneficial effect on soil improvement. The use of green biomass alone has improved soil properties. The biomasses of Gliricidia and Tithonia decomposed rapidly after application to the soil, and incorporated biomass would be an effective source of N, P and K for crops.  Results showed that, coconut yields were significantly increased with the incorporation of green biomass of Gliricidia and Tithonia than with commercial inorganic fertilizer application. Mean nut yield for five years in the green manure applied plots was (37-46%) significantly (P < 0.05) higher, compared to that of the inorganic fertilizer applied plots towards the latter part of the experiment. Addition of green manure has significantly (P < 0.05) improved the soil parameters i.e. soil N (by 75%), organic C content (by 86%) and soil microbial activity (by 52%). Soil bulk density has been reduced by 20% which enhances the root growth.  The improvement of soil moisture content by 92% is of great importance for coconut in withstanding the frequent dry spells which are on increasing trend with the present climatic change situations. There was no significant effect of green manures on soil pH and P but P content was improved with the use of green biomasses of Gliricidia and Tithonia.
Dye lewynne stalte groß iamer
Authors: Schul Susanne
Published: April 2020

From the beginning of Herzog Herpin the young protagonist seems to be chosen for the extraordinary as he is separated from his parents right after his birth and must survive in the wilderness. This is accomplished by getting him involved in relationships with animals or otherworldly figures. Guarded by three fairies and a lion, the protagonist of this infancy story experiences motherhood not from his biological mother. Motherhood is rather attributed to several different figures that look after him. Thus a multidimensional matrix of care-relationships emerges that is characterized by the interacting categories of gender, species, descent, religion, age and social positioning. The paper explores them as forms of emotionalization between animals and humans in text-image-arrangements of three versions of the Herzog Herpin by applying theoretical concepts of the Cultural Animal Studies.
Vom Adamsspiel zur Adamsoper
Authors: Seebald Christian
Published: April 2020

The thesis of the birth of opera as a result of late humanistic reception of anti­quity at the turn of the 17th century has been a commonplace idea within the discussion of dramatic genres. Yet the dominant narrative of change or renewal tends to obscure phenomena of continuity and anachronism which are nonetheless relevant for the tradition of premodern theatre. Those residues of an outlasting dramatic tradition are the focus of this paper which is especially concerned with the transitions between the broad stream of medieval liturgical drama and early modern opera. It is to be shown how close the ties in particular are between the new genre of music theatre and the older theatrical models and their continuities. At the same time the specific achievements and innovations of the younger operatic genre can be accentuated even more distinctly. This paper will concentrate on a paradigmatic case from the early times of German music theatre, the Hamburg inaugural opera Adam from 1678, to demonstrate the characteristic links as well as transformations between the traditions of the medieval liturgical and early modern protestant drama and the operatic genre of the 17th century.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA PSICANÁLISE NA TRATATIVA PSICOPEDAGÓGICA E NEUROPSCICOPEDAGÓGICA CLÍNICA E INSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Marques Melo da Silva Andreia
Published: April 2020

A psicanálise e a psicopedagogia se relacionam entre si, uma vez que a psicopedagogia surge a partir de uma soma de  onhecimentos de vários profissionais, de campos vastos de pesquisas uma delas a psicanálise, que propõem um olhar mais perspicaz para as emoções no processo de aprendizagem no âmbito escolar, uma vez que o paciente em si não abandona suas  moções no processo de aprendizagem ou contrário, assim sendo, há uma linha tênue neste momento, quando o psicopedagogo  recisa entender que suas observações pedem muito mais que seu olhar direcionado pela psicopedagogia, somente, mas a  ntervenção psicanalítica no processo de direcionamento do aprendente ou paciente, diante disto o objetivo deste artigo é  ustamente pontuar a contribuição dessa ciência – psicanálise - no processo de investigação e intervenção psicopedagógica tanto  línica quanto institucional e o quanto pode ser enriquecedor essa contribuição para nortear observações e entender situações no  omento de escuta do paciente e familiares. O processo de pesquisa para se chegar a esta conclusão aconteceu dentro dos  tendimentos feitos por mim em clinica, de forma quantitativa, à medida que pesquisava e lia a respeito da psicanálise, procurei  plicar no processo de escuta e analisar as informações coletadas sob uma perceptiva mais analítica, sendo essa alicerçada na ciência   psicanálise- meu objeto de estudo, as leituras que estruturei minha pesquisa, além de vários artigos lidos, foi Anna Freud -   tratamento psicanalítico de crianças, além de artigos de Jacques Lacan, Nadia Bossa entre outros que contribuíram para direcionamento na linha de pesquisa que foi traçada para nesse artigo
A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS JOGOS E BRINCADEIRAS NO PROCESSO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Christina Brancovan Garcia Monica
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho integra os estudos da linha de pesquisa em educação e teve como objetivo principal destacar a relevância da utilização  os jogos e brincadeiras na evolução dos aspectos emocional, social, motor e cognitivo no que se refere ao  esenvolvimento das crianças na Educação Infantil. A importância da temática escolhida justifica-se pelo fato que em relação ao  onhecimento cientifico, todo estudo que tenha a preocupação de estudar a importância do brincar na educação infantil e que esta  ambém associada à aprendizagem como fator relevante no desenvolvimento infantil. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo  ostrar  s benefícios do brincar na educação infantil. Conclui-se que as atividades lúdicas possibilitam que as crianças reelaborem  riativamente sentimentos e conhecimentos e edifiquem novas possibilidades de interpretação e de representação do real.
Electrofusion of mesophyll protoplasts from two varieties of sugar beet, (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Al-Nema Qutaiba , AL-Mallah Mozahim
Published: April 2020

Somatic hybridization between different plants through protoplast fusion represent an efficient experimental approach to produce genetically transformed plant species. Electrofution of mesophyll protoplasts in sugar beet was occurred to overcome the barriers faced breeding program of this economically industrial crop Protoplasts were successfully isolated from leave's mesophyll of two varieties of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Various enzyme solutions were assessed for the cell wall degrading ability. They express different efficiency in isolation of mesophyll protoplasts of var. Baraka. The protoplasts yield was 18 × 104 cell ml-1 using the mixture consisting of 0.5% Cellulase RS, 1.0% Hemicellulase and 0.1% Pectolyase Y-23 with 13% mannitol. A total of 16 hrs. for cell wall digestion, and protoplast viability approached 93%. Protoplasts were isolated from leaf mesophyll of var. Carola using the same enzymatic mixtures. High protoplasts yield 20 × 104 cell ml-1 was obtained, requiring the same period 16 hrs. to approach viability 96%. The protoplasts were spherical in shape, varied in chloroplast distribution, having size ranged 12 – 52 µm. The present study succeeded in electrofusion between Baraka × Carola mesophyll protoplasts, producing somatic hybrid cells under conditions of 1MHz, 1000 Vcm-1, 2 pulses, 1.5 msec./pulse with fusion percent of 73%.
Implications of cultural awareness in transport - Comparative study of halal food supply chain in Hong Kong and Romania
Authors: Lau Yui-Yip , Dragomir Cristina
Published: April 2020

Cultural awareness in logistics is a domain insufficiently researched, though its role is significant in establishing and developing various business opportunities. A Halal food supply chain has emerged in the 21st century to serve a growing population of devout Muslims. In Hong Kong and Romania, the Halal food supply chain is at an introductory stage and has received minimal attention from governmental bodies and academic institutions. This paper investigates the competitive business environment and identifies key factors to strengthen the role of Hong Kong and Romania as a Halal food supply chain hub in the Asian and European regions respectively.
The impact of disinformation on dangerous goods operation
Authors: Bazaitu Razvan , Antohi Adrian Nicolae
Published: April 2020

It becomes increasingly obvious that the current social stage comes with unique challenges, so the definition of success as gaining advantages only to one party to the detriment of the other must be overcome. In the new era, highly interconnected and transparent, we must find solutions to raise ourselves together, or together we will collapse. Our goal is to build a global community, energized by the vast informational networks (which have canceled all distances), based on responsibility, creativity, common benefits and values. Using new approaches and solving problems not solitary but synergistically, effectively, principally, the new strong currency in the global business strategy will become the trust.
This cannot be achieved either by fear or legal over-regulation, but only by higher moral values, assumed and followed as the only long-term sustainable solution.
An analysis of building requirements for oil tankers in order To prevent maritime accidents
Authors: Varsami Corina , Tromiadis Ramona , Hanzu-Pazara Radu
Published: April 2020

In this paper we intend to present the advantages of the double hull projects and to show how double hulled tankers are considered to be more secure in case of grounding especially if the soil is not too rocky.
Small-scale Dynamical Coherence Accompanied with Galaxy Conformity
Authors: Lee Joon Hyeop , Pak Mina , Lee Hye-Ran
Published: April 2020

The discovery of the coherence between galaxy rotation and neighbor motion in 1 Mpc scales has recently been reported. Following up on the discovery, we investigate whether the neighbors in such dynamical coherence also present galaxy conformity, using the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA) data and the NASA-Sloan Atlas catalog. We measure the correlation coefficient of g − r colors between the CALIFA galaxies and their neighbors, as a quantitative indicator of galaxy conformity. The neighbors are divided into coherently moving and anticoherently moving ones, the correlation coefficients from which are compared with each other, in various bins of relative luminosity and projected distance. In most cases, the CALIFA galaxies and their neighbors show positive correlation coefficients in g − r color, even for the anticoherent neighbors. However, we find a statistically significant (2.6σ) difference between coherent and anticoherent neighbors, when the neighbor galaxies are bright (

) and close (D ≤ 400 kpc). That is, when they are bright and close to the CALIFA galaxies, the coherently moving neighbors show stronger conformity with the CALIFA galaxies than the anticoherently moving neighbors. This result supports that the small-scale dynamical coherence may originate from galaxy interactions as galaxy conformity is supposed to do, which agrees with the conclusion of the previous study.
An Extension of the Athena++ Framework for General Equations of State
Authors: Coleman Matthew S. B.
Published: April 2020

We present modifications to the Athena++ framework to enable the use of general equations of state (EOS). A part of our motivation for doing so is to model transient astrophysics phenomena, as these types of events are often not well approximated by an ideal gas. This necessitated changes to the Riemann solvers implemented in Athena++. We discuss the adjustments made to the Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact and Harten-Lax-van Leer-Discontinuities solvers and EOS calls required for arbitrary EOS. We demonstrate the reliability of our code in a number of tests that utilize a relatively simple, but nontrivial, EOS based on hydrogen ionization, appropriate for the transition from atomic to ionized hydrogen. Additionally, we perform tests using an electron–positron Helmholtz EOS, appropriate for regimes where nuclear statistical equilibrium is a good approximation. These new complex EOS tests overall show that our modifications to Athena++ accurately solve the Riemann problem with linear convergence and linear wave tests with quadratic convergence. We provide our test solutions as a means to check the accuracy of other hydrodynamic codes. Our tests and additions to Athena++ will enable further research into (magneto)hydrodynamic problems where realistic treatments of the EOS are required.
CD4+:CD8+ T-cell Ratio Changes in People with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: Vivancos-Gallego Maria J , Okhai Hajra , Perez-Elías Maria J , Gomez-Ayerbe Cristina , Moreno-Zamora Ana , Casado Jose L , Quereda Carmen , Sanz Javier Martinez , Sanchez-Conde Matilde , Serrano-Villar Sergio , Campo Santos Del , Dronda Fernando , Galan Juan Carlos , Sabin Caroline A , Moreno Santiago
Published: April 2020

Background

Cofactors associated with persistently abnormal CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) might change over time as the population of people with HIV ages or as new ART drugs become available. The main objective of our study was to determine the long-term associations of baseline factors, including the CD4+ T-cell count and ratio, with ratio normalization (≥1). In addition to this, we explored whether the ratio remained associated with the risk of both AIDS and non-AIDS events among individuals on suppressive ART.

Methods

Clinic-based study in a tertiary, university hospital in Madrid. People with HIV starting a first-line ART regimen (January 2006–June 2017) were included in a prospective national multicentre cohort (CoRIS). People with controlled HIV-infection within the first year of ART initiation and complete CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell records were selected. Cox proportional hazard (PH) regression models were used to estimate the cumulative incidence of ratio normalization and to examine associations with socio-demographic and clinical variables. To investigate factors independently associated with the development of AIDS and non-AIDS events we used a time updated Poisson regression model.

Results

The study included 557 subjects. During follow-up (median 5.24 years), 44% of participants achieved a ratio of 1 within a median of 1.49 years. In a multivariate PH model, pre-ART factors negatively associated with ratio normalization were the pre-ART CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio and mode of HIV acquisition. For the secondary analysis, 1.3 events/100 person years of follow-up were observed. After adjustment, older age, HIV RNA >200 copies/ml and CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratios over follow-up, remained significantly associated with the development of AIDS and non-AIDS events. In contrast, pre-ART ratio was not associated with the risk of AIDS and non-AIDS events.

Conclusions

In summary, our study showed that higher pre-ART CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio is associated with rates of ratio normalization ≥1. In addition, the risk of AIDS and non-AIDS events seems to be predicted by the time updated CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio not by the pre-ART CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio. Therefore, CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio should be considered as a dynamic marker for translation into clinical practice.
Status and potential distribution of the Asian carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata Smith (Apidae, Xylocopini), in the United States
Authors: Smith-Pardo Allan H. , Fowler Glenn A. , Kumar Sunil
Published: April 2020

We update the geographical distribution forXylocopa appendiculataSmith, from eastern Asia, which was first reported from the United States of America (USA) in 2013. After the publication by Dahlberg et al. (2013), there have been more sightings supporting the establishment ofX. appendiculatain northern California. We used plant hardiness zones and maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling to estimate the potential distribution ofX. appendiculatain the USA using specimen data from multiple occurrences (confirmed data from literature, museum specimens and validated data from Discover Life.org and iNaturalist.org). We include images and a list of diagnostic features for the identification of the subgenus Alloxylocopa Hurd and Moure and the speciesX. appendiculataso that it can be identified and reported to corresponding state or federal authorities, if necessary.
Secreted Phospholipase A2 Group X Acts as an Adjuvant for Type 2 Inflammation, Leading to an Allergen-Specific Immune Response in the Lung
Authors: Ogden Herbert Luke , Lai Ying , Nolin James D. , An Dowon , Frevert Charles W. , Gelb Michael H. , Altemeier William A. , Hallstrand Teal S.
Published: April 2020

Secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enzymes release free fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, and generate lysophospholipids from phospholipids, including membrane phospholipids from cells and bacteria and surfactant phospholipids. We have shown that an endogenous enzyme sPLA2 group X (sPLA2-X) is elevated in the airways of asthmatics and that mice lacking the sPLA2-X gene (Pla2g10) display attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness, innate and adaptive immune responses, and type 2 cytokine production in a model of airway sensitization and challenge using a complete allergen that induces endogenous adjuvant activity. This complete allergen also induces the expression of sPLA2-X/Pla2g10. In the periphery, an sPLA2 found in bee venom (bee venom PLA2) administered with the incomplete Ag OVA leads to an Ag-specific immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that both bee venom PLA2 and murine sPLA2-X have adjuvant activity, leading to a type 2 immune response in the lung with features of airway hyperresponsiveness and Ag-specific type 2 airway inflammation following peripheral sensitization and subsequent airway challenge with OVA. Further, the adjuvant effects of sPLA2-X that result in the type 2–biased OVA-specific adaptive immune response in the lung were dependent upon the catalytic activity of the enzyme, as a catalytically inactive mutant form of sPLA2-X does not elicit the adaptive component of the immune response, although other components of the immune response were induced by the inactive enzyme, suggesting receptor-mediated effects. Our results demonstrate that exogenous and endogenous sPLA2s play an important role in peripheral sensitization, resulting in airway responses to inhaled Ags.
Young male with chest pain and abnormal T-waves
Authors: Thazhathidathil Amrithanand Velluridathil , Agrawal Naman , Mathew Roshan
Published: April 2020

Early recognition of ECG signs of acute coronary syndrome is essential for prompt treatment. But presentation with atypical ECG changes constitute a diagnostic challenge. We here report a case of 23-year-old male who presented with chest pain having atypical ECG changes with hyper-acute T waves called de Winters T wave. This is a rare presentation of patient with acute Left Anterior Descending artery occlusion. Some authors propose that de Winters pattern should be considered as “STEMI Equivalent”.
Diagnosis of liver tapeworm, Stilesia hepatica, infection in sheep
Authors: Coetzee H. G.J. , Kok D. J. , Fourie H. J.
Published: April 2020

A practical method of diagnosing Stilesia hepatica in live sheep is described. Intestinal contents and faeces were sieved through a sieve with apertures of 1,0 mm onto a sieve with apertures of 100 µm to reduce volume and turbidity. The residue on the fine sieve was examined microscopically. Gravid proglottids passed through the intestine without being digested. Intact proglottids were recovered from the intestine and faeces of infected sheep. Used purely on faeces, the technique is simple and reliable as a diagnostic method. Its application could facilitate basic research into the biology and epidemiology of the parasite.
Suspected cycad (Cycas revoluta) intoxication in dogs
Authors: Botha C. J. , Naudé T. W. , Swan G. E. , Ashton Marcella M. , Van der Wateren J. F.
Published: April 2020

Three dogs which ingested part of the stem of a Japanese cycad (Cycas revoluta) vomited repeatedly within hours after ingestion, showed marked depression, severely congested mucous membranes, increased thirst and profuse salivation. Subsequent haematological and blood chemical investigation revealed elevated serum concentrations of alanine transaminase, an initial mild lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and a leucocytosis. The dogs recovered uneventfully.
Economic development of the livestock industry in the subsistence agricultural environments of southern and eastern Africa: Drought, livestock numbers, human population growth and animal diseases
Authors: McCulloch B.
Published: April 2020

No abstract available.
The Expression and Significance of Serum Caveolin-1 in Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Zhu Feng , Huang Jing , Wang Xuliang , Li Ping , Yan Yaoyao , Zheng Yunyun , He Yue'e , Wu Tingting , Ren Yue , Wu Rongzhou
Published: April 2020

We investigated the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in Kawasaki disease (KD) and analyzed its relationship with coronary artery lesions (CALs). Cav-1 participated in the progression of CAL in KD. A total of 68 children with KD (23 with CALs), age matched with a fever control group (F, n = 28) and a normal control group (N, n = 24) were enrolled in this study. Cav-1 expression was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results are the following: (1) Compared with the F and N, Cav-1 expression was significantly increased in the children with KD (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in Cav-1 between the F and N. (2) The serum level of Cav-1 was significantly higher in children with KD and CALs during the acute phase than in children with KD without CALs (P < 0.05). (3) Serum Cav-1 may be a biomarker that reflects CALs in children with KD based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. (4) Those children with KD who were given intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg, 10–12 h) during the acute phase showed decreased expression of Cav-1 compared to the N. Conclusions are as follows: (1) The serum level of Cav-1 during the acute phase of KD increased significantly, while in KD patients with CALs the increase was even greater. (2) Based on our ROC curve analysis, Cav-1 may be a predictor of CALs in children with KD.
Muscle Activation and Intermuscular Coherence during Forward and Backward Pedaling
Authors: Lee Mei-Yi , Wang Ray-Yau , Hsu Shu-Shyuan , Yang Wen-Wen , Chen Shu-Shi , Yang Yea-Ru
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activity and intermuscular coherence of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) during forward (FW) and backward (BW) pedaling. Sixteen healthy volunteers performed FW and BW pedaling in 30, 45, and 60 revolutions per minute (RPM), while electromyographic (EMG) signals of the RF and BF were recorded bilaterally to determine integral EMG and intermuscular coherence. BW pedaling showed a statistically significant larger EMG activity on the left BF (P = 0.023) in 30 RPM; on the left BF (P = 0.01), right BF (P = 0.05), and right RF (P = 0.006) in 45 RPM, and on the left BF (P = 0.014) and right RF (P = 0.011) in 60 RPM than FW pedaling. In 45 RPM, higher coherence was demonstrated on the left leg (P = 0.011) during the left flexor and right extensor phases and on the right leg (P = 0.043) during the right flexor and left extensor phases in BW compared with FW pedaling. In 60 RPM, higher coherence was observed on both legs (left, P = 0.037; right, P < 0.001) during the left flexor and right extensor phases in BW compared with FW pedaling. Our results suggest that BW pedaling increased the muscle activity of both biarticular muscles and intermuscular coherence.
A Complete Classification of 3-dimensional Quadratic AS-regular Algebras of Type EC
Authors: Matsuno Masaki
Published: April 2020

Classification of AS-regular algebras is one of the main interests in noncommutative algebraic geometry. We say that a $3$-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebra is of Type EC if its point scheme is an elliptic curve in $\mathbb {P}^{2}$. In this paper, we give a complete list of geometric pairs and a complete list of twisted superpotentials corresponding to such algebras. As an application, we show that there are only two exceptions up to isomorphism among all $3$-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebras that cannot be written as a twist of a Calabi–Yau AS-regular algebra by a graded algebra automorphism.
The gauge group of a noncommutative principal bundle and twist deformations
Authors: Aschieri Paolo , Landi Giovanni , Pagani Chiara
Published: April 2020

We study noncommutative principal bundles (Hopf–Galois extensions) in the context of coquasitriangular Hopf algebras and their monoidal category of comodule algebras. When the total space is quasi-commutative, and thus the base space subalgebra is central, we define the gauge group as the group of vertical automorphisms or equivalently as the group of equivariant algebra maps.We study Drinfeld twist (2-cocycle) deformations of Hopf–Galois extensions and show that the gauge group of the twisted extension is isomorphic to the gauge group of the initial extension. In particular, noncommutative principal bundles arising via twist deformation of commutative principal bundles have classical gauge group. We illustrate the theory with a few examples.
Интегрирование нелинейного уравнения Кортевега-де Фриза с дополнительным членом
Authors: Khasanov Aknazar Bekdurdievich , Matjakubov Mukhammad Makhsudovich
Published: April 2020

Метод обратной спектральной задачи применяется к интегрированию нелинейного уравнения Кортевега-де Фриза с дополнительным членом в классе периодических функций.
What do the value-at-risk measure and the respective legislative framework really offer to financial stability? Critical views and pro-cyclicality
Authors: Vasileiou Evangelos , Pantos Themistoclis
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we examine how value at risk (VaR) contributes to the financial market's stability. We apply the Guidelines on Risk Measurement and the Calculation of Global Exposure and Counterparty Risk for UCITS of the Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR 2010) to the main indices of the 12 stock markets of the countries that have used the euro as their official currency since its initial circulation. We show that gaps in the legislative framework give incentives to investment funds to adopt conventional models for the VaR estimation in order to avoid the increased costs that the advanced models involve. For this reason, we apply the commonly used historical simulation VaR (HVaR) model, which is: (i) taught at most finance classes; (ii) widely applied in the financial industry; and (iii) accepted by CESR (2010). The empirical evidence shows the HVaR does not really contribute to financial stability, and the legislative framework does not offer the appropriate guidance. The HVaR model is not representative of the real financial risk, and does not give any signal for trends in the near future. The HVaR is absolutely backward-looking and this increases the stock market's overreaction. The fact that the suggested confidence level in CESR (2010) is set at 99 percent leads to hidden pro-cyclicality. Scholars and researchers should focus on issues such as the abovementioned, otherwise the VaR estimations will become, sooner or later, just a formality, and such conventional statistical measures rarely contribute to financial stability.
Inflation targeting, disinflation, and debt traps in Argentina
Authors: Libman Emiliano , Palazzo Gabriel
Published: April 2020

This paper highlights the role of external indebtedness and the presence of inflationary inertia in order to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of inflation targeting during disinflation episodes. As the recent Argentinian experience illustrates, a sluggish inflation rate and a significant current-account deficit may make the stabilization process difficult. To illustrate the point, we build a model that shows that, when inflation adjusts fast, the target may be achieved without building too much external debt. But if inflation adjusts slowly, an excessive build-up of external debt could lead to an increase in the risk premium, a sudden shortage of foreign exchange, and the eventual collapse of the inflation-targeting regime.
ANALISIS PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KEPALA SEKOLAH SMP NEGERI KABUPATEN DAN KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Syafa’at Ariful Huda,  , Purwani Puji Utami  , Chairunnisa  , Illah Sailah
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research is  to  determine the influence of managerial ability and creativity on headmaster’s decision making in Junior High School of Counties and Tangerang City.The research used survey method with path analysis applied in testing hypothesis. Technique of data collecting is using instrument from questionnaire. The number of 60 headmaster’s sample was selected by simple random sampling.The result of this research indicated that: 1) there is a direct positive effect of managerial ability to headmaster’s decision making, 2) there is a direct positive effect of creativity to headmaster’s decision making and 3) there is a direct positive effect of managerial ability to creativity. 

 

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan manajerial dan kreatifitas terhadap pengambilan keputusan kepala sekolah di SMP Negeri dan Kota Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan analisis jalur yang diterapkan dalam pengujian hipotesis. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen dari kuesioner. Jumlah sampel 60 kepala sekolah dipilih dengan simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) ada pengaruh positif langsung dari kemampuan manajerial terhadap pengambilan keputusan kepala sekolah, 2) ada pengaruh positif langsung kreatifitas terhadap keputusan kepala sekolah. membuat dan 3) ada efek positif langsung dari kemampuan manajerial terhadap kreatifitas

Kata Kunci: Pengambilan Keputusan, Kemampuan Manajerial dan Kreatifitas
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCAL TEACHING IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION (AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AT SMPN 4 BANDA ACEH)
Authors: Syarfuni
Published: April 2020

This study is about the implementation of reciprocal teaching in teaching reading comprehension. The objectives of the study are:1) to find out if students who are taught through reciprocal teaching have a difference significant than those who are taught through grammar translation method, 2) to find out what the students’ responses toward the implementation of reciprocal teaching in teaching reading comprehension. The method in this study is quantitative and qualitative method. The population is all the second grade students in SMPN 4 Banda Aceh, and the sample is the VIII/I and the VIII/II. The sample was chosen by using random sampling. To obtain the data related to the implementation of reciprocal teaching the writer gave the pre-test and post-test to two groups; experimental group and control group. The instrument used to collect the data was test and questionnaires. The test is used to see the result of achievement of students in reading comprehension while the questionnaires are used to get the students’ responses toward the implementation of reciprocal teaching. The quantitative data was analyzed by means of the statistical procedure in order to see whether there is a difference significant between reciprocal teaching method and grammar translation method in teaching reading comprehension. The questionnaires were analyzed by using the percentage formula for each question item. After processing the data, it found that there is a significant difference between reciprocal teaching and grammar translation method and the students’ response are positive. It can be concluded that reciprocal teaching is better than grammar translation method in teaching reading comprehension. This is proved by the test result where t-test score is higher than t-table (2.45 >1.70) and the students’ ability in the experimental group increases up to 21% while in the control group the students’ ability reaches only 9%. This means that the alternative hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected.
ANALISIS TEGANGAN PLAT PENGHUBUNG BUCKET ELEVATOR MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA
Authors: Ully Muzakir
Published: April 2020

Penggunaan baja sebagai bahan konstruksi sangat banyak ditemukan terutama untuk konstruksi yang menerima beban besar, seperti digunakan sebagai bahan pada plat penghubung (link) yang menghubungkan rantai dengan pengangkut timba (bucket elevator). Metode yang dikembangkan untuk memprediksi terjadinya tegangan kritis pada plat penghubung akibat pembebanan dianalisis menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga (MEH). Aspek yang menjadi pertimbangan utama adalah penetapan tegangan kritis (σc) untuk mengetahui besarnya pembebanan yang mengakibatkan baut plat penghubung mengalami deformasi. Pada analisis ini objek yang ditinjau adalah plat penghubung bucket elevator dianalisa menggunakan program Paket ANSYSTM Rel.5.4. Perpindahan nodal dan Tegangan kritis (σc) diperoleh dengan memvariasikan pembebanan dari 2,5 KN sampai pembebanan 100 KN. Hasil analisa MEH diperoleh perpindahan maksimum nodal 201 diperoleh pada pembebanan 10 KN yaitu sebesar 2,4869E-05 m dan tegangan kritis (σc) pada pembebanan 90 KN yaitu sebesar 498 MPa.
KAJIAN PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MOTORIK KASAR ANAK DI KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Rina Syafrida
Published: April 2020

Anak usia dini berada pada masa periode emas atau Golden age yaitu periode dimana 90 % otak anak berkembang pada rentan usia 1-5 tahun. Menurut teori Multiple Intelligence yang dikemukan oleh howard gardner, terdapat sembilan aspek perkembangan yang harus dikembangkan pada setiap anak salah satunya adalah kecerdasan kinestetik. Kecerdasan kinestetik pada anak meliputi kecerdasan motorik halus dan motorik kasar anak. Kecerdasan motorik halus meliputi kemampuan yang berhubungan dengan otot halus dan mengkordinasikan mata dengan tangan. Stimulasinya dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan yang dilakukan secara ruti seperti menyusun puzzle, meronce, melipat, menggunting dan sebagainya. Berbeda dengan kecerdasan motorik halus, kemampuan motorik kasar mengkordinasikan seluruh anggota tubuh dan berhubungan dengan aktifitas otot besar seperti berjalan, berlari, melompat dan kegiatan lainnya. Perkembangan motorik kasar anak usia dini sama pentingnya dengan aspek perkembangan yang lain. Apabila anak tidak mampu melakukan gerakan fisik dengan baik akan menumbuhkan rasa tidak percaya diri dan konsep diri negatif dalam melakukan gerakan fisik.