bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As influências teóricas e do contexto sociocultural no trabalho técnico científico de James Prescott Joule: Contribuições para a formação de professores de Física
Authors: Queirós Wellington Pereira de , Nardi Roberto , Delizoicov Neto Demétrio
Published: December 2019

Descrevemos aqui resultados parciais de um estudo no qual procuramos desvelar as influências histórico-socioculturais que permearam o trabalho técnico-científico de James Prescott Joule e mostrar suas contribuições para a formação de professores de Física. Procuraremos responder a seguinte questão: Quais foram os elementos teóricos, sociais e culturais que influenciaram o trabalho de Joule? Nesse sentido, apresentamos um breve histórico do desenvolvimento da ciência no período da revolução industrial, bem como o desenvolvimento industrial da grande Manchester, em que Salford faz parte de sua região metropolitana cidade onde Joule nasceu e cresceu. Em seguida mostramos a importância e a influência cultural do entorno social e acadêmico de Joule e de elementos teóricos que influenciaram, sobretudo, os trabalhos sobre efeito Joule e o Equivalente Mecânico do Calor. A partir do estudo realizado, organizamos alguns apontamentos visando contribuir para a formação de professores.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children into a Brazilian Portuguese version
Authors: das Virgens Chagas Daniel , Araújo Denizar Vianna , Gama Dirceu , Macedo Laryssa , Camaz Deslandes Andrea , Batista Luiz Alberto
Published: December 2019

Purpose

To be used across different cultures, a physical activity questionnaire must be translated and cross-culturally adapted into target languages with a structured method. To date, there is no evidence supporting the use of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) in Brazil. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to translate and crossculturally adapt PAQ-C into the Brazilian Portuguese language and to determine its measurement properties.

Methods

Overall, 82 participants were initially recruited and the final PAQ-C version was applied in 52 children (28 boys, 24 girls). The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process was performed, and the measurement properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of PAQ-C were determined in order to assess the internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha),
test-retest reliability (ICC , intra-class correlation coefficient) and the level of agreement between test-retest measurements (Bland-Altman method). Paired t-test was used to compare PAQ-C means (test-retest).

Results

The meaning of the items was considered easily understood by the children. Cronbach’s alpha reached acceptable values, ranging from 0.85 (test) to 0.87 (retest). ICC equalled 0.90, indicating excellent test-retest reliability. Paired t-test showed no significant difference between means. Bland-Altman plot proved a good level of agreement between two measurements.

Conclusions

The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process was successful in reaching semantic equivalence between the original PAQ-C and the Brazilian Portuguese version; the measurement properties of the new PAQ-C version achieved a good level. Therefore, this study provided evidence supporting PAQ-C use among Brazilian children.
Perception of sensory impressions in children from music classes and their peers from general classes in Poland – a comparison
Authors: Gieysztor Ewa , Kurzaj Paulina , Choińska Anna Maria , Kowal Mateusz , Pecuch Anna , Borowicz Wojciech , Paprocka-Borowicz Małgorzata
Published: December 2019

Introduction

School age is a very important and intense period in children’s development. The central nervous system has an enormous absorptivity of sensory impressions. In the recent decade, an increased number of diagnoses of sensory disorders has been noticed in children in Poland. Alvin noted that musical compositions provided a good source of support for a child to acquire both auditory and tactile sensory experiences. The main aim of the study was to compare the level of sensory integration in children from music classes and their peers from general classes.

Methods

Two groups of children participated in the study: group M, 14 boys and 11 girls attending second classes in music schools, and group G, 16 boys and 11 girls attending general classes. Both groups were subjected to a clinical trial by Przyrowski and the Southern California Test according to Ayres. In addition, the parents of the examined children were asked to complete the Sensorimotor Child Development Questionnaire.

Results

The process of sensory integration took place correctly in both groups of children. The results suggest that children in music classes are better at bilateral motor coordination, finger identification, and finger-thumb test (average results above the norm). Children in general classes were more able to maintain static balance with closed as well as open eyes than their musical peers.

Conclusions

Music education positively influences the process of sensory integration in children. It can be a good source of a child’s brain stimulation.
Interaction between seismicity and deformation on different time scales in volcanic areas: Campi Flegrei and Stromboli
Authors: Falanga Mariarosaria , De Lauro Enza , Petrosino Simona , De Martino Salvatore
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We study oscillations recorded at Stromboli and Campi Flegrei by different sensors: seismometers, strainmeters and tiltmeters. We examine both the high-frequency (>0.5 Hz) portion of the spectrum and very long period signals up to tidal scales. In this context, seismicity and deformation are investigated on different time scales (from minutes to days/years) in order to identify the basic elements of their interaction, whose understanding should provide new insights on the predictive models. In this work, the strict relation of tides and volcanic processes is shown. At Stromboli, indeed the transition from the stationary phase to the non-stationary phase seems to have a tidal precursor that is related to the
duration of the crisis. The subsequent volcanic activity is interpreted as
the response of the volcano to restore the equilibrium condition. The moveout from equilibrium produces, first, variations in the standard statistics of explosions, then leads to effusive stage and to a pressure
drop in the shallow feeding system. That process induces the nucleation of a
gas bubble and the excitation of low frequencies. Campi Flegrei seismicity
shows a correlation between the diurnal solar solid tide and the energy
released by the long period signals, indicating that the whole mechanism is
modulated on a tidal scale. In other words, in the case of Stromboli, a
departure from the equilibrium state is marked by solid tide variations in a
certain frequency band. On the other hand, at Campi Flegrei diurnal to
annual solid tides modulate an increase of volcanic activity.
Effects of sterilization techniques on chemodenitrification and N2O production in tropical peat soil microcosms
Authors: Buessecker Steffen , Tylor Kaitlyn , Nye Joshua , Holbert Keith E. , Urquiza Muñoz Jose D. , Glass Jennifer B. , Hartnett Hilairy E. , Cadillo-Quiroz Hinsby
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Chemodenitrification – the non-enzymatic process of nitrite reduction –
may be an important sink for fixed nitrogen in tropical peatlands. Rates and
products of chemodenitrification are dependent on O2, pH, Fe2+
concentration, and organic matter composition, which are variable across peat
soils. Assessing abiotic reaction pathways is difficult because
sterilization and inhibition agents can alter the availability of reactants by
changing iron speciation and organic matter composition. We compared six
commonly used soil sterilization techniques – γ irradiation,
chloroform, autoclaving, and the use of three different chemical inhibitors (mercury, zinc, and
azide) – for their compatibility with chemodenitrification assays
for tropical peatland soils (organic-rich, low-pH soil from the eastern
Amazon). Out of the six techniques, γ irradiation resulted in soil
treatments with the lowest cell viability and denitrification activity and
the least effect on pH, iron speciation, and organic matter composition. Nitrite
depletion rates in γ-irradiated soils were highly similar to
untreated (live) soils, whereas other sterilization techniques showed
deviations. Chemodenitrification was a dominant process of nitrite
consumption in tropical peatland soils assayed in this study. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is
one possible product of chemodenitrification reactions. Abiotic N2O
production was low to moderate (3 %–16 % of converted nitrite), and
different sterilization techniques lead to significant variations on
production rates due to inherent processes or potential artifacts. Our work
represents the first methodological basis for testing the abiotic
denitrification and N2O production potential in tropical peatland soil.
Analysis of the position and strength of westerlies and trades with implications for Agulhas leakage and South Benguela upwelling
Authors: Tim Nele , Zorita Eduardo , Emeis Kay-Christian , Schwarzkopf Franziska U. , Biastoch Arne , Hünicke Birgit
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The westerlies and trade winds over the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean are important drivers of the regional oceanography around southern Africa, including features such as the Agulhas Current, the Agulhas leakage, and the Benguela upwelling. Agulhas leakage constitutes a fraction of warm and saline water transport from the Indian Ocean into the South Atlantic. The leakage is stronger during intensified westerlies. Here, we analyze the wind stress of different observational and modeled atmospheric data sets (covering the last 2 millennia, the recent decades, and the 21st century) with regard to the intensity and position of the southeasterly trades and the westerlies. The analysis reveals that variations of both wind systems go hand in hand and that a poleward shift of the westerlies and trades and an intensification of westerlies took place during the recent decades. Furthermore, upwelling in South Benguela is slightly intensified when trades are shifted poleward.
Projections for strength and position of the westerlies in the 21st century depend on assumed CO2 emissions and on their effect relative to the ozone forcing. In the strongest emission scenario (RCP8.5) the simulations show a further southward displacement, whereas in the weakest emission scenario (RCP2.6) a northward shift is modeled, possibly due to the effect of ozone recovery dominating the effect of anthropogenic greenhouse forcing.
We conclude that the Agulhas leakage has intensified during the last decades and is projected to increase if greenhouse gas emissions are not reduced. This will have a small impact on Benguela upwelling strength and may also have consequences for water mass characteristics in the upwelling region. An increased contribution of Agulhas water to the upwelling water masses will import more preformed nutrients and oxygen into the upwelling region.
Weakly coupled atmosphere–ocean data assimilation in the Canadian global prediction system (v1)
Authors: Skachko Sergey , Buehner Mark , Laroche Stéphane , Lapalme Ervig , Smith Gregory , Roy François , Surcel-Colan Dorina , Bélanger Jean-Marc , Garand Louis
Published: December 2019

Abstract. A fully coupled atmosphere–ocean–ice model has been used
to produce global weather forecasts at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) since November 2017.
Currently, the system relies on four uncoupled data assimilation (DA) components
for initializing the fully coupled global atmosphere–ocean–ice forecast model:
atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and sea surface temperature (SST).
The goal of the present study is to implement a weakly coupled data assimilation (WCDA)
between the atmosphere and ocean components and evaluate its performance against uncoupled DA.
The WCDA system uses coupled atmosphere–ocean–ice short-term forecasts
as background states for the atmospheric and the ocean DA components that independently compute atmospheric and ocean analyses.
This system leads to better agreement between the coupled atmosphere–ocean analyses
and the coupled atmosphere–ocean–ice forecasts than between the uncoupled analyses and the coupled forecasts.
The use of WCDA improves the atmospheric forecast score near the surface,
but a slight increase in the atmospheric temperature bias is observed.
A small positive impact from using the short-term SST forecast
on the satellite radiance observation-minus-forecast statistics is noted.
Ocean temperature and salinity forecasts are also improved near the surface.
The next steps toward stronger DA coupling are highlighted.
Improving lake mixing process simulations in the Community Land Model by using K profile parameterization
Authors: Zhang Qunhui , Jin Jiming , Wang Xiaochun , Budy Phaedra , Barrett Nick , Null Sarah E.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We improved lake mixing process simulations by applying a vertical mixing scheme, K profile parameterization (KPP), in the Community Land Model (CLM) version 4.5, developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Vertical mixing of the lake water column can significantly affect heat transfer and vertical temperature profiles. However, the current vertical mixing scheme in CLM requires an arbitrarily enlarged eddy diffusivity to enhance water mixing. The coupled CLM-KPP considers a boundary layer for eddy development, and in the lake interior water mixing is associated with internal wave activity and shear instability. We chose a lake in Arctic Alaska and a lake on the Tibetan Plateau to evaluate this improved lake model. Results demonstrated that CLM-KPP reproduced the observed lake mixing and significantly improved lake temperature simulations when compared to the original CLM. Our newly improved model better represents the transition between stratification and turnover. This improved lake model has great potential for reliable physical lake process predictions and better ecosystem services.
Framework to prioritize watersheds for diffuse pollution management in the Republic of Korea: application of multi-criteria analysis using the Delphi method
Authors: Lee Gyumin , Jun Kyung Soo , Kang Minji
Published: December 2019

Abstract. This study aimed to develop a risk-based approach for
determining control areas to manage non-point source pollution, developing a framework to prioritize catchments by considering the characteristics of
polluted runoff from non-point sources. The best management, decision-making,
and scientific approaches, such as the technique for order of preference by
similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and the Delphi technique, are required
for the designation of control areas and the application of the best
management practices to the control areas. Multi-criteria decision-making
(MCDM) methods can handle the diversity and complexity of non-point source
pollution. The Delphi technique was employed for selecting the assessment
criteria/sub-criteria and determining their weights. Sub-criteria for each
catchment unit were scored with either a quantitative or qualitative scale.
All non-point pollution sources in mainland Republic of Korea were included,
with the exception of a few islands, with catchment prioritization and
pollution vulnerability evaluations shown as thematic maps. This study
contributes to the field by developing a new risk-based approach for ranking
and prioritizing catchments; this provides valuable information for the
Ministry of Environment to use to identify control areas and manage non-point
source pollution.
Evaluation of long term Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent products
Authors: Mortimer Colleen , Mudryk Lawrence , Derksen Chris , Luojus Kari , Brown Ross , Kelly Richard , Tedesco Marco
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Seven gridded northern hemisphere snow water equivalent (SWE) products were evaluated as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Satellite Snow Product Inter-comparison and Evaluation Exercise (SnowPEx). Three categories of datasets were assessed: (1) those utilizing some form of reanalysis (the NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2 – GLDAS; the European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts interim land surface reanalysis – ERA-land; the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications – MERRA; the Crocus snow model driven by ERA-Interim meteorology – Crocus); (2) passive microwave remote sensing combined with daily surface snow depth observations (ESA GlobSnow v2.0); and (3) standalone passive microwave retrievals (NASA AMSR-E historical and operational algorithms) which do not utilize surface snow observations. Evaluation included comparisons against independent surface observations from Russia, Finland, and Canada, and calculation of spatial and temporal correlations in SWE anomalies. The standalone passive microwave SWE products (AMSR-E historical and operational SWE algorithms) exhibit low spatial and temporal correlations to other products, and RMSE nearly double the best performing product. Constraining passive microwave retrievals with surface observations (GlobSnow) provides comparable performance to the reanalysis-based products; RMSEs over Finland and Russia for all but the AMSR-E products is ~50 mm or less. Using a four-dataset ensemble that excluded the standalone passive microwave products reduced the RMSE by 10 mm (20%) and increased the correlation by 0.1; ensembles that contain Crocus and/or MERRA perform better than those that do not. The observed RMSE of the best performing datasets is still at the margins of acceptable uncertainty for scientific and operational requirements; only through combined and integrated improvements in remote sensing, modeling, and observations will real progress in SWE product development be achieved.
Two-dimensional numerical simulations of vortex-induced vibrations for wind turbine towers
Authors: Viré Axelle , Derksen Adriaan , Folkersma Mikko , Sarwar Kumayl
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of wind turbine towers can be critical during the installation phase, when the rotor-nacelle assembly is not yet mounted on the tower. The present work uses numerical simulations to study VIV of a two-dimensional cylinder under conditions that are representative of wind turbine towers, both from a fluid-dynamics and structural-dynamics perspective. First, the numerical tools and fluid-structure interaction algorithm are verified by considering a cylinder vibrating freely in a laminar flow. In that case, both the motion amplitude and frequency are shown to agree well with previous results from the literature. Second, VIV is modelled in the turbulent supercritical regime using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations. In this context, the turbulence model is first validated on flow past a stationary cylinder at high Reynolds number. Then, results from forced vibrations are validated against experimental results for a range of reduced frequencies and velocities. It is shown that the behaviour of the aerodynamic damping changes with the frequency ratio, and can therefore lead to either self-limiting or self-exciting VIV when the cylinder is left to freely vibrate. Finally, results are shown for a freely-vibrating cylinder under realistic flow and structural conditions. While a clear lock-in map is identified and shows good agreement with published numerical and experimental data, the work also highlights the unsteady nature of the aerodynamic forces and motion under certain operating conditions.
Assessing the Role of Agroforestry in Soil Fertility Improvement in Mbelenka-Lebialem, Southwest Cameroon
Authors: Tsufac Azembouh Roshinus , Yerima Bernard Palmer Kfuban , Awazi Nyong Princely
Published: December 2019

Soils are the universal reservoirs through which living organisms get the resources for their livelihoods either directly like plants and indirectly like other organisms and animals. The ability of soils to serve as a universal reservoir depends on its fertility. Agroforestry practices have been seen to improve and conserve soil fertility. This research work carried out from the 10th of May 2015 to the 10th of November 2015 was aimed at assessing the role of agroforestry practices in the improvement of soil fertility in the study area. Information was collected using questionnaires, field surveys and the analysis of soil samples in the laboratory. The results obtained were subjected to regression and correlation analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). These results showed that the main agroforestry practices in this area include live fences and scattered trees on farmlands. It was also observed that farmers use indicators such as yields, softening of soil, wilting of the crops, rotten tubers, erosion and rains to determine soil fertility. There was no significant difference between various soil parameters (pH, acidity, CEC, ECEC, C/N, and exchangeable Al) in the two major agroforestry practices identified. There was equally no significant difference between the various soil elements and yields in the two major systems identified. The only element that showed a significant difference (P<5%) in the two systems and also for yields was phosphorous. Since only phosphorous significantly influenced yields in this area, a model was established to show that crop yields are dependent on phosphorous as indicated by the equation Yields = 1.77+ 0.03 P. Scattered trees on farm lands were recommended to farmers, the practice of improved fallow using a local fertilizing species identified as well as the use of Guatemala grass (Tripsacum laxum) and Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanoides) should be introduced on slopes to control erosion.
Rethinking Civic Education in Tunisia: a Focus on School Curricula and Teacher Training
Authors: Saidi Ezzeddine
Published: December 2019

The paper explores the status of civic education in Tunisian public schools. It calls for seizing the opportunities offered by Tunisia’s transition to democracy to improve the teaching and learning of civic education. Before 2011, the Tunisian educational system was not very concerned with raising young generations on the principles and values of civic engagement, participatory citizenship, democratic participation, and social justice. Decision makers did not seem to be aware of the opportunities that young generations may enjoy inside and outside the classroom to learn about these values, and to be more actively committed to other issues, such as human rights, economic development, and the rule of law. However, the Tunisian youth have always used modern technology to keep updated about National and world affairs, and the recent huge developments in the domains of social media and citizen journalism have deepened their awareness about the lack of social justice and human rights in the country. The paper focuses on the importance of civic education in the Tunisian educational system to critically reconsider its potential role in educating the young generations on the values and principles of democracy. This is achieved through a review of two major components of the teaching/learning of civic education, namely how the subject is being taught and how the teachers are being prepared.
Analyzing Universities Service Quality to Student Satisfaction; Academic and Non-Academic Analyses
Authors: Kardoyo Kardoyo , Pitaloka Lola Kurnia , Rozman Rozman , Hapsoro Bayu Bagas
Published: December 2019

Indonesia has many higher learning institutions both public and private sectors such as colleges, polytechnics, institutes and universities and they are competing among them to get students to enroll in their institutions. It has become competitive among them to get students than before. The growing competition among higher learning institutions had forced them to strive to improve their service quality provided to students. The student satisfaction of service quality can be divided into two parts, namely satisfaction in academic and non-academic. The purpose of this research is to determine whether the academic and non-academic service quality affect student satisfaction of Economics Faculty Universitas Negeri Semarang. This research used an exploratory method that explaining the relationship between hypothesis testing, making prediction and getting the implicit meaning of problems that want to be solved. This study was conducted at the Economics Faculty of Universitas Negeri Semarang. The data analysis used SEM PLS. The population in this study were students from the Economics Faculty of Universitas Negeri Semarang who registered in 2015 and graduated in 2018. The total number of population in this study were 3,596 students majoring in Economics Education, Accounting, Management, and Economic Development. This study used a stratified sampling technique where students from all disciplines and levels were determined using the Slovin formula. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 360 students and were administered by trained enumerators. Data were collected using self-administered assessment questionnaires of a five Likert scale and analyzed using SEM PLS 6.0 Warp PLS.  The results of this research were, first, academic service quality did not influence student satisfaction. Second, the non-academic service quality has a positive and significant influence on student satisfaction. This is because the supported learning infrastructure was found to be a factor that satisfied the students compared to teaching methods that was carried out by faculty members. It was also found that attitude and behavior in academic aspect were not significant in improving the students’ satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested that Faculty of Economics of UNNES should focus on maintaining and improving the service quality of non-academic aspects in order to compete with other higher learning institutions.
Inoculation of Wheat With Azospirillum spp.: A Comparison Between Foliar and In-furrow Applications
Authors: Correia L. V. , Felber P. H. , Pereira L. C. , Braccini A. L. , Carvalho D. U. , Cruz M. A. da , Matera T. C. , Pereira R. C. , Santos R. F. , Marteli D. C. , Osipi E. A. F.
Published: December 2019

The present work aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of wheat grown under no-tillage system and submitted to different doses and methods of inoculation with Azospirillum spp. Eight treatments were tested: 1) control; 2) half N dose; 3) full dose of N; 4) half N dose + standarded inoculation by seeds (200 mL ha-1); 5) half N dose + in-furrow inoculation (200 mL ha-1); 6) half N dose + in furrow inoculation (300 mL ha-1); 7) half N dose + inoculation by foliar spraying (200 m ha-1) and 8) half N dose + inoculation by foliar spraying (300 mL ha-1). The following parameters were evaluated: number of tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, shoot dry biomass, weight of thousand seed mass, hectoliter weight, nitrogen content in grains, nitrogen content in shoot dry matter as well as crop yield. Our results showed that the supply of the half dose of mineral N associated to foliar inoculation with Azospirillum at the dose of 300 mL ha-1 provided positive results on wheat yield, confirming the bacterial ability to fix N. However, only the full mineral N fertilization stood out as the best N fertilization management.
Soybean Rust Epidemics as Affected by Weather Conditions in Brazil
Authors: Beruski Gustavo C. , Sentelhas Paulo C. , Pereira André B. , Câmara Gil M. S. , Junior Ivan P. A. , Schiebelbein Luis M.
Published: December 2019

The soybean rust (SBR) epidemics are often triggered by weather conditions, which interfere actively on the disease progress. Therefore, weather variables can be used to estimate the risk of occurrence and severity of SBR outbreaks. This research aimed to determine the influence of weather variables on SBR progress in different field trials in Brazil. Field experiments were conducted during 2014-15 and 2015-16 soybean growing seasons in Piracicaba (SP), Ponta Grossa (PR), Campo Verde (MT) and Pedra Preta (MT). For all sites and seasons, a susceptible soybean cultivar was drilled with 0.45 m row spacing and 12 plants per linear meter. No fungicide sprays were applied to ensure natural disease occurrence. In order to create different environmental conditions, sequential sowing dates, of roughly 30-day intervals were carried out. In Piracicaba, Ponta Grossa, Campo Verde, and Pedra Preta the main weather variables influencing SBR were leaf wetness duration - LWD (R = 0.340), air temperature during LWD (R = 0.313), and cumulative rainfall (R = 0.304). The final severity was assessed only at Piracicaba and Ponta Grossa, and it was mainly influenced by LWD (R = 0.643). It is possible to conclude that epidemics of SBR were mainly influenced by leaf wetness duration, accumulated rainfall and air temperature during the LWD. Therefore, future researches aiming to develop a disease warning system for SBR should include the cumulative rainfall, LWD and the air temperature during LWD, together or individually, as inputs.
Effects of Combination Between Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Valencia Orange Fruits
Authors: Nguyen Hien Huu , Tai Toan Nguyen
Published: December 2019

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are the most important nutrients for fruit yield and quality of citrus. Farmers - growing orange is usually applied high rates of N and K fertilizers. The study was carried out during 2017 and 2018 production year on a 4-year Valencia orange. The objective of the present paper was to evaluate the effect of combination between nitrogen and potassium on fruit yield and quality of Valencia orange. The experiment was used three doses of N (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/tree) in form of urea and three doses of K (0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 kg/tree) in form of potassium chloride in all combinations. The obtained results showed that N and K concentrations in soil did not increase with increment of N and K fertilization. Increment of N and K fertilization increased N content but did not increase K content in leaves. Fruit weight, fruit diameter and peel thickness increased with increasing of N fertilization. Maximum fruit yield of Valencia orange was attained with rates of 0.5 kg N/tree combined with 0.9 kg K/tree. Juice content increased with increasing amount of N fertilization. Increment of K fertilization tend to increase total acidity in fruit juice. The highest TSS and TSS/TA were attained with rates of 0.5 kg N/tree combined with 0.9 kg K/tree.
Withdrawal of European Soil Framework Directive: Reasons and Recommendations
Authors: Chen Yijia
Published: December 2019

The European Soil Framework Directive was the first policy approach of soil protection at the European level. It had an objective to protect soils across Europe and maintain the sustainability of soil functions. Notwithstanding the significance of the directive along with both the current state and the trend of the soil in Europe were negative, it had been strongly blocked by five member states of the European Union since it was adopted in 2006, encompassing the UK, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Austria. The proposal was withdrawn formally on 21 May 2014 by the European Commission without any official statement of reasons. Consequently, this study aimed at the reasons for the withdrawal and the amendments to the directive, which contributed to restoring its role in soil conservation. It ascertained the reasons and proved some recommendations principally via a deductive approach and qualitative research. The results demonstrated that the resistance of the five main blocking countries was the direct factor in the withdrawal. Behind the statements of opponents, financial difficulties and political issues were the possible underlying reasons. Hence, the European Commission could arrange more meetings and change some provisions to eliminate the misunderstanding with its member states. On the other hand, it is sensible for the opponents to be more flexible to deal with the directive, for instance, establishing the benefits from the articles as well as more approaches for solving the problem of financial shortage.
Study on effectiveness of using column-oriented databases in the processing of measurement characteristics of an electric vehicle
Authors: Czerepicki Andrzej
Published: December 2019

Electric vehicles are increasingly popular means of transport. One of the most important problems of their operation is to optimize the use of a battery pack. It requires to analyze the operational characteristics of a vehicle in motion, which are stored in a database. If the measurement data are collected from many vehicles, the efficiency of their analysis is important. The objective of this article is to study the possibilities of using modern column-oriented databases in order to increase the efficiency of the analysis of selected operational characteristics of an electric vehicle. The research problem is a comparative analysis of the processing efficiency of selected measurement characteristics of an electric vehicle in relational and column-oriented data structures. Important analytical functions were formulated and recorded in the form of database queries. An experiment consisting in multiple execution of functions packages on various database structures, including a column-oriented one, was carried out. The execution time of packages and the IT system load were collected and analyzed. The analysis of the experiment results allows to conclude that the use of the column-oriented data structures made it possible to shorten the time of executing the functions analyzing the energy consumption by the electric vehicle’s drive system. Depending on the type of the analyzed characteristics of the vehicle and its method of representation in the database, a significant reduction of the analysis time compared to the relational structure was obtained. Also, a decrease in the load on the computer system during data processing on the column-oriented structures was noted. The use of the column-oriented databases in the processing and analysis of measurement operational characteristics of electric vehicles is justified and it can bring measurable effects. It should be considered that the effective-ness of solving depends on the number of the analyzed characteristics and the format of their representation in the computer.
Optimization of Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing Using Enhanced Grey Wolf Optimizer
Authors: Şahin İsmail , Dörterler Murat , Gokce Harun
Published: December 2019

The need for precise mechanical and tribological properties of the hydrostatic bearings has made them an interesting study topic for optimisation studies. In this paper, power-loss minimization problems of hydrostatic thrust bearings were solved through Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). Grey Wolf Optimizer is a meta-heuristic optimization method standing out with its successful applications in engineering design problems. Power-loss minimization problem of hydrostatic thrust bearings was applied on Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) for the first time.  The results obtained were evaluated together with the previous studies conducted and a detailed comparison was made. The most significant innovation of the study is the innovation made in the mathematical model of the GWO.  A new model (Enhanced GWO, EGWO) that increases the variety of valid solutions is proposed. The comparisons made both with GWO and other studies in the literature show that EGWO got the known best fitness value with the highest success rate. The consistency and statistical performance of the EGWO show that this method can be used in the optimization of machine elements.
Introduction
Authors: Lucas George R. ,   The Center for Process Studies
Published: December 2019

In this short article, the conditions surrounding the recent discovery of Whitehead's first lecture at Harvard University are detailed. This article is meant as an introduction to Whitehead's lecture, which is published for the first time in the present issue of Process Studies. The previous two installments of the series titled "On the Trail ofWhitehead" can be found in Process Studies issues 45.1 (2016) and 46.1 (2017).
≪ L’ebranlement du monde bien connu ≫
Authors: Pesaresi Chiara ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: December 2019

The aim of this article is to analyze the idea of the event conceived as crisis and conflict in Patočka and Maldiney’s philosophies. The event is what tears the horizon of the meaningful world apart and opens a new world: it represents the opening of a crisis in the human existence and at the same time the condition of any future crisis to come. By reading Maldiney’s texts on the “pathique” and psychosis along with Patočka’s descriptions of historical existence, we shall then discover that human existence is exposed (and responds) to this chaotic and conflictual dimension. In fact, what defines existence—the individual existence (Maldiney) as well as the historical, shared existence (Patočka)—is the exposure to such a conflict and to the critical event, i.e. to the possibility of its own shaking. Furthermore, the event appears as the root of both the krisis and the “koine”, whether in the form of the encounter (Maldiney) or the community cohesion (Patočka).
The Most Difficult Task
Authors: Lawlor Leonard ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: December 2019

This article attempts to elaborate on the Derridean idea of transcendental violence and his idea of “violence against violence.” It does this by examining the structure of the gift as Derrida presents it in Given Time. The article lays out in detail all of the conditions for the gift Derrida presents across Given Time. More precisely, it examines Derrida’s analysis of the giving of counterfeit money. The conclusion it draws is that the giving of counterfeit money comes closest to the golden mean between exchange and non-exchange (or pure gift-giving), the golden mean between violence and non-violence. But the open question is: should we prescribe the giving of counterfeit money for all gift-giving and even for human relations of friendship and love?
Bonds of Trust
Authors: Schaefer Max ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: December 2019

This paper seeks to address whether human life harbours the possibility of a gratuitous or non-reciprocal form of trust. To address this issue, I take up Descartes’ account of the cogito as the essence of all appearing. With his interpretation of Descartes’ account of the cogito as an immanent and affective mode of appearing, I maintain that Henry provides the transcendental foundation for a non-reciprocal form of trust, which the history of Western philosophy has largely covered over by forgetting this aspect of Descartes’ thought. I demonstrate that Heidegger’s reading of Descartes serves as a pre-eminent example of this. Because Heidegger overlooks Descartes’ insight into the essence of appearing, and reduces this essence to the finite transcendence of the world, I maintain that Heidegger reduces trust to reciprocal relations of understanding between beings of shared contexts of significance.
„Herrscht“ Krieg ‒ seit je her, gegenwartig und auf immer?
Authors: Liebsch Burkhard ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: December 2019

This essay critically examines theories of war which imply an affirmation of the unavoidable rule of war. In contrast to such theories, the author advocates a notion of war that presupposes processes of becoming enemies, which eventually enthrone war as “dominating” power. From this position result a number of desiderata of research which call for a revision of actual theories of war.
Hermeneutic Violence and Interpretive Conflict
Authors: Ometiță Mihai ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: December 2019

The paper aims to rectify the reception of Heidegger’s so-called “hermeneutic violence,” by addressing the under-investigated issue of its actual target and rationale. Since the publication of Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, some of Heidegger’s contemporary readers, such as Cassirer, as well as more recent commentators, accused Heidegger of doing violence to Kant’s and other philosophers’ texts. I show how the rationale of Heidegger’s self-acknowledged violence becomes tenable in light of his personal notes on his Kant book, and of several hermeneutic tenets from Being and Time. The violence at stake turns out to be a genuine method, involving the appropriation (Zueignen) and the elaboration (Ausarbeiten) of an interpreted text. Its target, I argue, is not the text itself, as it was often assumed, but its reception by a community or tradition. Thus, that violence may well instill interpretive conflict, yet its purpose is to salvage a text from a conventional and ossified reception, namely, from what Heidegger regards as the authoritarianism of idle talk (Gerede) in a philosophical milieu.
News from the Field
Authors: Free David
Published: December 2019

UNC-Chapel Hill, SAGE announce OA agreementOpenAthens, Yewno begin strategic partnership to facilitate knowledge discoveryNominations sought for ACRL Board of DirectorsMichigan Publishing, LYRASIS partner to deliver ACLS Humanities E-Book CollectionProQuest One Literature launchesEBSCO releases 2020 Serials Price Projection ReportResources for College Libraries seeks new subject editors
Quantitative Imaging Assessment for Clinical Trials in Oncology
Authors: Hersberger Katherine E. , Mendiratta-Lala Mishal , Fischer Rocky , Kaza Ravi K. , Francis Isaac R. , Olszewski Mirabella S. , Harju John F. , Shi Wei , Manion Frank J. , Al-Hawary Mahmoud M. , Sahai Vaibhav
Published: December 2019

Background: Objective radiographic assessment is crucial for accurately evaluating therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes in oncology clinical trials. Imaging assessment workflow can be complex; can vary with institution; may burden medical oncologists, who are often inadequately trained in radiology and response criteria; and can lead to high interobserver variability and investigator bias. This article reviews the development of a tumor response assessment core (TRAC) at a comprehensive cancer center with the goal of providing standardized, objective, unbiased tumor imaging assessments, and highlights the web-based platform and overall workflow. In addition, quantitative response assessments by the medical oncologists, radiologist, and TRAC are compared in a retrospective cohort of patients to determine concordance. Patients and Methods: The TRAC workflow includes an image analyst who pre-reviews scans before review with a board-certified radiologist and then manually uploads annotated data on the proprietary TRAC web portal. Patients previously enrolled in 10 lung cancer clinical trials between January 2005 and December 2015 were identified, and the prospectively collected quantitative response assessments by the medical oncologists were compared with retrospective analysis of the same dataset by a radiologist and TRAC. Results: This study enlisted 49 consecutive patients (53% female) with a median age of 60 years (range, 29–78 years); 2 patients did not meet study criteria and were excluded. A linearly weighted kappa test for concordance for TRAC versus radiologist was substantial at 0.65 (95% CI, 0.46–0.85; standard error [SE], 0.10). The kappa value was moderate at 0.42 (95% CI, 0.20–0.64; SE, 0.11) for TRAC versus oncologists and only fair at 0.34 (95% CI, 0.12–0.55; SE, 0.11) for oncologists versus radiologist. Conclusions: Medical oncologists burdened with the task of tumor measurements in patients on clinical trials may introduce significant variability and investigator bias, with the potential to affect therapeutic response and clinical trial outcomes. Institutional imaging cores may help bridge the gap by providing unbiased and reproducible measurements and enable a leaner workflow.
Subdivision of M1 Stage for De Novo Metastatic Breast Cancer to Better Predict Prognosis and Response to Primary Tumor Surgery
Authors: Lin Caijin , Wu Jiayi , Ding Shuning , Goh Chihwan , Andriani Lisa , Lu Shuangshuang , Shen Kunwei , Zhu Li
Published: December 2019

Background: Patients with de novo metastatic breast cancer (MBC) constitute a heterogeneous group with different clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes. Despite controversy regarding its prognostic value, primary tumor surgery may improve survival for selected patients. Patients and Methods: Patients with de novo MBC were identified using the SEER database and were then divided randomly into training and validation sets. A Fine-Gray competing risks model was developed to identify the variables associated with increased cancer-specific mortality in the training set. The M1 subdivision system was established based on the independent prognostic factors. Cumulative incidence curves were estimated and compared using Gray’s test. Results: Involvement of brain or liver and number of metastatic sites were identified as independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. The M1 category was subdivided into 3 subcategories: M1a, single site involvement except brain and liver; M1b, liver involvement only, or multiple site involvement except brain and liver; and M1c, brain involvement regardless of number of metastatic sites, or liver and other sites involvement except brain (M1b vs M1a: subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.29–1.68; M1c vs M1a: SHR, 2.45; 95% CI, 2.18–2.75). Patients with the M1a subtype benefited most from primary tumor surgery in the adjusted competing risks model (M1a: SHR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.48–0.67, M1b: SHR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47–0.83, and M1c: SHR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44–0.80), whereas benefits conferred by treatment with chemotherapy alone increased with the upstaging of metastatic disease (M1a: SHR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.62–0.83, M1b: SHR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.44–0.68, and M1c: SHR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.45–0.61). Conclusions: Subdivision of M1 stage facilitates prognosis prediction and treatment planning for patients with de novo MBC. Treatment offered should be decided in a coordinated multidisciplinary setting. Primary tumor surgery may play an important role in the management of selected patients.
Partial Response to Ceritinib in a Patient With Abdominal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Carrying a TFG-ROS1 Fusion
Authors: Li Yong , Chen Xian , Qu Yanchun , Fan Jia-Ming , Li Yan , Peng Hui , Zheng Yaojie , Zhang Yihong , Zhang Hai-Bo
Published: December 2019

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), a rare sarcoma, is primarily treated via resection of the mass. However, there is no standard treatment for recurrence or unresectable tumors. Almost 50% of IMTs carry ALK gene rearrangement that can be treated using ALK inhibitors, but therapeutic options for ALK-negative tumors are limited. This report describes a woman aged 22 years with unresectable ALK-negative IMT. Next-generation sequencing revealed a TFG-ROS1 fusion, and she had a partial response to the ROS1 inhibitor ceritinib. This report provides the first published demonstration of a patient with IMT with ROS1 fusion successfully treated using ceritinib. Our study suggests that targeting ROS1 fusions using the small molecule inhibitor shows promise as an effective therapy in patients with IMT carrying this genetic alteration, but this requires further investigation in large clinical trials.
A “indústria” dos fundos financeiros. Potência, estratégias e mobilidade no capitalismo contemporâneo.
Authors: Zanotelli Claudio
Published: December 2019

Roberto Moraes Pessanha. A “indústria” dos fundos financeiros. Potência, estratégias e mobilidade no capitalismo contemporâneo. Rio de Janeiro: Consequência, 2019.
Produção do espaço. Emancipação social, o comum e a “verdadeira democracia”.
Authors: Zanotelli Claudio
Published: December 2019

Alvaro Ferreira, João Rua e Regia Célia de Mattos (Organizadores). Produção do espaço. Emancipação social, o comum e a “verdadeira democracia”. Rio de Janeiro: Consequência, 2019. Esta