bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal attention, knowledge breadth, and firm growth
Authors: Boynton Dylan
Published: August 2023

This study integrates the attention-based view with Edith Penrose’s theory of growth to examine how the interplay between managerial attention and newly created technological resources influences firm growth. I draw upon research showing that combining broad types of knowledge during R&D creates new technological resources that are potentially valuable, and also relatively complex and ambiguous, making them challenging to utilize effectively. I theorize that attention’s temporal orientation shapes how managers understand complex technologies and construe opportunities for their use. I hypothesize that a shorter-term attentional focus is incongruent with broad knowledge combination, resulting in a less effective and more incremental use of newly created, complex technologies and lower levels of growth. Conversely, a longer-term attentional focus helps managers understand and identify novel, strategic opportunities for such complex technologies, leading to comparatively higher levels of growth. Analysis supports these predictions using a panel data set of 327 firms between 2003 and 2017.
Not Random and Not Ignorable. An Examination of Nonresponse to Income Question in the European Social Survey, 2008–2018
Authors: Jabkowski Piotr , Piekut Aneta
Published: August 2023

This study analyzes the consequences of item nonresponse to the question about a household’s total net income in the European Social Survey (2008–2018). We recognize two mechanisms in avoiding answering the income question: task complexity and question sensitivity, and apply multilevel logistic regressions to predict the probability of refusals or “Do not know” across respondents of different income levels. We find that the refusal to answer the income question is the highest for respondents with lower incomes, while the probability of selecting “Do not know” answers or refusal to answer is the same among respondents with higher incomes. The bias resulting from the correlation between response propensities and household income affects the accuracy of estimates for several attitudinal measures when income is included as an explanatory variable. We recommend reducing the risk of bias by limiting the complexity and sensitivity of the income question and accounting for nonresponse bias.
Feasibility and safety of transradial intraoperative angiography for neurosurgery: An institutional experience
Authors: Sioutas Georgios S , Salem Mohamed M , Muhammad Najib , Romeo Dominic , Corral Tarbay Antonio , Kim Yohan , Sussman Jonathan , Ng Jinggang Jenny , Rhodes Isaiah J , Gajjar Avi , Zager Eric L , Srinivasan Visish M , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Jankowitz Brian T , Choudhri Omar A
Published: August 2023

Background

Transradial approach for neuroangiography is becoming increasingly popular because of the advantages demonstrated by interventional cardiology. Many advantages of radial access could be applied to intraoperative angiography.

Objective

To report our institutional experience with transradial and transulnar intraoperative angiography, and evaluate its safety and feasibility.

Methods

Intraoperative angiography through upper extremity vessels was attempted in 70 consecutive patients between April 2019 and December 2022. Data on patient characteristics and surgical indications, procedural variables, and complications were collected.

Results

Of the 70 patients who underwent intraoperative angiography, 58.6% were female, and the mean age was 52.9 ± 14.0 years. The reason for surgery was aneurysm clipping in 42 (60.0%) cases. In total, 55 patients (78.6%) were positioned supine, 13 (18.6%) prone, and two (2.9%) were positioned three-quarters prone. Access was attempted via the radial artery in 60 (85.7%) patients and the ulnar artery in 10 (14.3%) patients. The procedure was successful in 69 of 70 cases (98.6%), as one required conversion to transfemoral approach due to significant spasm in the proximal right radial artery. The median fluoroscopy time was 8 min. No procedure was aborted, and no patient experienced access-site or angiography-related complications. Intraoperative angiography altered the surgical management in 3 (4.3%) cases. Re-access for follow-up angiography was unsuccessful in three (13.6%) of 22 due to radial artery occlusion.

Conclusions

Our institutional experience supports that transradial and transulnar intraoperative angiography is safe and feasible during neurovascular procedures for various indications and positions.
A Chinese Medicine, Huajie Xiaoliu Formula, Enhances the Anti-Colon Cancer Effect of Tegafur, Gimeracil, and Oteracil Potassium Capsules Through Bcl-2/Bax Signaling Pathway
Authors: Tang Peili , Sun Wanjin , Xie Sifang , Yang Sicheng , Huang Ju , Deng Kai , Duan Xueyun , Heng Fan
Published: August 2023

Research Objective

This study was aimed to determine the main ingredients of Huajie Xiaoliu Formula (HJF) and investigate the anti-colon cancer effect of its combination with Tegafur, Gimeracil, and Oteracil Potassium Capsules (S-1) in vivo as well as to preliminarily explore its possible mechanism.

Materials and Methods

The chemical composition of HJF was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). The murine colon carcinoma cell (CT 26.WT) subcutaneous xenograft model of colon cancer mice was established to evaluate the in vivo anti-colon cancer effect of HJF. Evaluation of pathological changes in tumor tissue was evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in mice serum. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bax, and Ki67 protein expression in tumor tissue.

Results

Twenty chemicals in HJF were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS. In vivo experiments showed that HJF has obvious inhibitory effects on the subcutaneous xenograft model of colon cancer mice. Results of ELISA showed HJF is able to increase mice body weight, inhibit tumor growth, and reduce the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 along with TNF-α. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that HJF can significantly inhibit the levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and Ki67 in mice with colon cancer transplant tumors. Furthermore, the combination of HJF and S-1 demonstrated a more significant antitumor effect than any other group in vivo.

Conclusions

Huajie Xiaoliu Formula is effective in CT 26.WT subcutaneous xenograft model of colon cancer mice by inhibiting tumorigenesis, metastasis, and angiogenesis through the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway, resulting in anti-colorectal tumor effects. Huajie Xiaoliu Formula provides a strong theoretical basis for its clinical use and also provides a basis for further research.
Bears in the Russian Far East illegally exploited for meat, medicine and trophies
Authors: Gomez Lalita , Toropov Pavel , Shepherd Chris R.
Published: August 2023

Background and Research Aims

Russia is a key source of bear parts in illegal trade but bear trade dynamics within the country is unknown. This study aims to address this gap by examining the legal and illegal international trade of bears in the Russian Far East.

Methods

Illegal trade of bears from the Russian Far East was analysed using seizure data from the Russian customs authorities from 2015 to 2019, while legal trade was analysed using CITES trade data.

Results

There were 116 seizures of bears involving the Russian Far East. Bear paws, claws and gall bladders were the main commodities seized revealing a demand for meat, trophies and medicine. During the same timeframe, Russia legally exported bear trophies, parts and derivatives to 55 countries and territories. Trophies were largely destined to the US and European countries whereas bear gall bladders, paws and derivates to Hong Kong.

Conclusion

This study shows that bears in Russia are threatened by poaching and illegal trade. They are killed for their gall bladders which are exported to Asian markets. They are also killed and exported as trophies predominantly to the US and European countries. As a game resource, Russia permits the hunting of Asiatic black bears and brown bears within established harvest quotas. Despite this, bears are being illegally killed and trafficked beyond Russia’s borders in violation of national laws and CITES trade regulations.

Implications for Conservation

Illegally sourced bear parts from Russia have been found in numerous countries across the globe. Further research is needed to quantify the overall illegal trade from Russia to understand the impact illegal offtake and trade has on wild bear populations in Russia. Further, the hunting of bears in Russia warrants greater regulation and monitoring to prevent the poaching of their parts for trade.
Postabortion contraceptives uptake and its associated factors among clients visiting abortion care services in public hospitals in West Shewa Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Hinkosa Leta , Deti Mekonnen , Tesfaye Tariku , Bekele Daniel , Diriba Amenu
Published: August 2023

Background:

Postabortion contraception is the initiation and use of postabortion contraceptive methods immediately after an abortion. It is a critical approach for preventing unwanted pregnancy, alleviating its complications, and avoiding repeated abortions by promoting immediate postabortion contraceptives provision.

Objective:

To assess the level of postabortion contraceptives uptake and its associated factors among clients visiting abortion care services in public hospitals in West Shewa Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.

Methods and materials:

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in public hospitals in the West Shewa Zone from 1 March 2021 to 30 May 2021, among 227 proportionally allocated clients based on the proportion of the client served in the previous 3 months of the study period. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured and pretested questionnaire from women who received the abortion services. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the association of independent variables with postabortion contraceptive uptake. Findings with p-value of 0.05 at 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant.

Results:

The overall postabortion contraception uptake among abortion service clients in public hospitals was 164 (74%) while about 42% of them used long-term contraceptive methods. Postabortion contraceptive uptake was significantly associated with media exposure to postabortion family planning information (adjusted odds ratio: 3.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.03–11.27)) and counseling on postabortion family planning (adjusted odds ratio: 20.48 (95% confidence interval: 5.02–83.64)).

Conclusion:

Level of postabortion contraceptive method uptake in West Shewa was low as compared to the national target. Greater attention should be given on providing postabortion contraceptive counseling to increase the postabortion contraceptive uptake.
A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Trigger Warnings, Content Warnings, and Content Notes
Authors: Bridgland Victoria M. E. , Jones Payton J. , Bellet Benjamin W.
Published: August 2023

Trigger warnings, content warnings, or content notes are alerts about upcoming content that may contain themes related to past negative experiences. Advocates claim that warnings help people to emotionally prepare for or completely avoid distressing material. Critics argue that warnings both contribute to a culture of avoidance at odds with evidence-based treatment practices and instill fear about upcoming content. A body of psychological research has recently begun to empirically investigate these claims. We present the results of a meta-analysis of all empirical studies on the effects of these warnings. Overall, we found that warnings had no effect on affective responses to negative material or on educational outcomes. However, warnings reliably increased anticipatory affect. Findings on avoidance were mixed, suggesting either that warnings have no effect on engagement with material or that they increased engagement with negative material under specific circumstances. Limitations and implications for policy and therapeutic practice are discussed.
Evaluation of the Clinical Course of Endogenous Endophthalmitis
Authors: Thompson Krista N. , Alshaikhsalama Ahmed M. , Wang Angeline L.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the presentations, clinical course, treatments, and outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis cases. Methods: Consecutive medical records from 2016 to 2021 of a county hospital and an academic, private hospital in Dallas, Texas were retrospectively reviewed. This study comprised 37 eyes of 31 patients with endogenous endophthalmitis. Collected data included demographic factors, identifiable risk factors, medical history, presenting symptoms, infectious data, complications, and best-corrected visual acuity (VA) throughout the clinical course. Results: Twenty-two eyes had bacterial endophthalmitis, 7 had fungal endophthalmitis, and 8 had infections that could not be classified. Of the bacterial cases, 5 eyes had panophthalmitis with associated cellulitis. The most common organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most common presenting symptoms were decreased vision (70%), eye redness (41%), and eye pain (38%). Among all cases, there was no significant difference in the presenting logMAR VA (1.86) before treatment and the most recent logMAR VA (1.75; P = .70) after treatment. However, fungal infections demonstrated better logMAR VA than bacterial infections 6 months after diagnosis (mean logMAR VA, 0.93 vs 2.54, respectively; P = .016) and at most recent follow-up (mean logMAR VA, 0.76 vs 2.3, respectively; P = .004). There was also a strong correlation between presenting VA and most recent VA ( r2 = 0.81; P < .01). Conclusions: Visual outcomes of endogenous endophthalmitis cases were poor. Our study found 2 components to be predictive of final VA: (1) whether the infecting organism was bacterial or fungal and (2) a patient’s presenting VA.
PPM1D modulates hematopoietic cell fitness and response to DNA damage and is a therapeutic target in myeloid malignancy
Authors: Miller Peter G. , Sperling Adam S. , Mayerhofer Christina , McConkey Marie E. , Ellegast Jana M. , Da Silva Carmen , Cohen Drew N. , Wang Chuqi , Sharda Azeem , Yan Ni , Saha Subha , Schluter Cameron , Schechter Ilexa , Słabicki Mikołaj , Sandoval Brittany , Kahn Josephine , Boettcher Steffen , Gibson Christopher J. , Scadden David T. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Bhatt Shruti , Lindsley R. Coleman , Ebert Benjamin L.
Published: August 2023

PPM1D encodes a phosphatase that is recurrently activated across cancer, most notably in therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. However, the function of PPM1D in hematopoiesis and its contribution to tumor cell growth remain incompletely understood. Using conditional mouse models, we uncover a central role for Ppm1d in hematopoiesis and validate its potential as a therapeutic target. We find that Ppm1d regulates the competitive fitness and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with and without exogenous genotoxic stresses. We also show that although Ppm1d activation confers cellular resistance to cytotoxic therapy, it does so to a lesser degree than p53 loss, informing the clonal competition phenotypes often observed in human studies. Notably, loss of Ppm1d sensitizes leukemias to cytotoxic therapies in vitro and in vivo, even in the absence of a Ppm1d mutation. Vulnerability to PPM1D inhibition is observed across many cancer types and dependent on p53 activity. Importantly, organism-wide loss of Ppm1d in adult mice is well tolerated, supporting the tolerability of pharmacologically targeting PPM1D. Our data link PPM1D gain-of-function mutations to the clonal expansion of HSCs, inform human genetic observations, and support the therapeutic targeting of PPM1D in cancer.
The alpha-synuclein oligomers activate nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) modulating synaptic homeostasis and apoptosis
Authors: Sant’Anna Ricardo , Robbs Bruno K. , de Freitas Júlia Araújo , dos Santos Patrícia Pires , König Annekatrin , Outeiro Tiago Fleming , Foguel Debora
Published: August 2023

Background

Soluble oligomeric forms of alpha-synuclein (aSyn-O) are believed to be one of the main toxic species in Parkinson’s disease (PD) leading to degeneration. aSyn-O can induce Ca2+ influx, over activating downstream pathways leading to PD phenotype. Calcineurin (CN), a phosphatase regulated by Ca2+ levels, activates NFAT transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of neuronal plasticity, growth, and survival.

Methods

Here, using a combination of cell toxicity and gene regulation assays performed in the presence of classical inhibitors of the NFAT/CN pathway, we investigate NFAT’s role in neuronal degeneration induced by aSyn-O.

Results

aSyn-O are toxic to neurons leading to cell death, loss of neuron ramification and reduction of synaptic proteins which are reversed by CN inhibition with ciclosporin-A or VIVIT, a NFAT specific inhibitor. aSyn-O induce NFAT nuclear translocation and transactivation. We found that aSyn-O modulates the gene involved in the maintenance of synapses, synapsin 1 (Syn 1). Syn1 mRNA and protein and synaptic puncta are drastically reduced in cells treated with aSyn-O which are reversed by NFAT inhibition.

Conclusions

For the first time a direct role of NFAT in aSyn-O-induced toxicity and Syn1 gene regulation was demonstrated, enlarging our understanding of the pathways underpinnings synucleinopathies.
Classification of Isatis indigotica Fortune and Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus via comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes
Authors: Su Yong , Zhang Man , Guo Qiaosheng , Wei Min , Shi Hongzhuan , Wang Tao , Han Zhengzhou , Liu Huihui , Liu Chang , Huang Jianmin
Published: August 2023

Background

Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus and Isatis indigotica Fortune are very inconsistent in their morphological characteristics, but the Flora of China treats them as the same species. In this work, a new technology that differs from conventional barcodes is developed to prove that they are different species and to clarify their classification.

Results and methods

I. indigotica was indistinguishable from I. tinctoria when using ITS2. CPGAVAS2 was used to construct the chloroplast genomes. MAFFT and DnaSP were used to calculate nucleotide polymorphism, the chloroplast genomes of the two have high diversity in the rpl32 ~ trnL-UAG short region. When using this region as a mini barcode, it was found that there are obvious differences in the base numbers of I. tinctoria and different ploidy I. indigotica were found, but diploid and tetraploid I. indigotica had the same number of bases. Moreover, the reconstruction of the maximum likelihood (ML) tree, utilizing the mini-barcode, demonstrated that I. tinctoria and both diploid and tetraploid I. indigotica are located on distinct branches. The genome size of tetraploid I. indigotica was approximately 643.773 MB, the heterozygosity rate was approximately 0.98%, and the repeat sequence content was approximately 90.43%. This species has a highly heterozygous, extremely repetitive genome.

Conclusion

A new method was established to differentiate between I. indigotica and I. tinctoria. Furthermore, this approach provides a reference and basis for the directional breeding of Isatis.
Development of a short form of the Cardiac Distress Inventory
Authors: Le Grande Michael R. , Murphy Barbara M. , Rogerson Michelle C. , Ski Chantal F. , Amerena John , Smith Julian A. , Hoover Valerie , Alvarenga Marlies E. , Higgins Rosemary O. , Thompson David R. , Jackson Alun C.
Published: August 2023

Background

Cardiac distress may be viewed as a persistent negative emotional state that spans multiple psychosocial domains and challenges a patient’s capacity to cope with living with their heart condition. TheCardiac Distress Inventory(CDI) is a disease-specific clinical assessment tool that captures the complexity of this distress. In busy settings such as primary care, cardiac rehabilitation, and counselling services, however, there is a need to administer briefer tools to aid in identification and screening. The aim of the present study was to develop a short, valid screening version of the CDI.

Methods

A total of 405 participants reporting an acute coronary event in the previous 12 months was recruited from three hospitals, through social media and by direct enrolment on the study website. Participants completed an online survey which included the full version of the CDI and general distress measures including the Kessler K6, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and Emotion Thermometers. Relationship of the CDI with these instruments, Rasch analysis model fit and clinical expertise were all used to select items for the short form (CDI-SF). Construct validity and receiver operating characteristics in relation to the Kessler K6 were examined.

Results

The final 12 item CDI-SF exhibited excellent internal consistency indicative of unidimensionality and good convergent and discriminant validity in comparison to clinical status measures, all indicative of good construct validity. Using the K6 validated cutoff of ≥ 18 as the reference variable, the CDI-SF had a very high Area Under the Curve (AUC) (AUC = 0.913 (95% CI: 0.88 to 0.94). A CDI-SF score of ≥ 13 was found to indicate general cardiac distress which may warrant further investigation using the original CDI.

Conclusion

The psychometric findings detailed here indicate that the CDI-SF provides a brief psychometrically sound screening measure indicative of general cardiac distress, that can be used in both clinical and research settings.
Allicin protects against LPS-induced cardiomyocyte injury by activating Nrf2-HO-1 and inhibiting NLRP3 pathways
Authors: Sun Fangyuan , Xu Kailiang , Zhou Jiayi , Zhang Wei , Duan Guihe , Lei Ming
Published: August 2023

Background

Allicin is a bioactive compound with potent antioxidative activity and plays a protective effect in myocardial damage and fibrosis. The role and mechanism of Allicin in septic cardiomyopathy are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of Allicin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.

Methods

H9c2 cardiomyocyte cells were pretreated with Allicin (0, 25, 50, and 100 µM) for 2 h, followed by incubation with LPS (10 µg/mL) for 24 h at 37 °C. Cell viability (cell counting kit-8 [CCK-8]), apoptosis (TUNEL staining), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]), and cytokines release (Interleukin beta [IL-β], Interleukin 6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) were determined. The mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway molecules were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot, respectively.

Results

Allicin had no effect on H9c2 cell viability but attenuated LPS-induced injury, with increased cell viability, reduction in inflammatory cytokines release, apoptosis, reduced MDA, and increased SOD (P < 0.05). Additionally, Allicin increased Nrf2 and cellular HO-1 expressions in LPS-treated H9c2 cells. Moreover, Allicin modulated the NLRP3 inflammasome, increased the cleaved caspase-1 (p10) protein, and attenuated the LPS-induced increase in NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, and IL-1β proteins. Silencing of Nrf2 by siRNA (siNrf2) significantly attenuated Allicin-induced increase in cell viability and HO-1 and decrease in NLRP3 protein in LPS-stimulated H9c2 cells.

Conclusions

Allicin protects cardiomyocytes against LPS‑induced injury through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NLRP3 signaling pathways.
Value of proteinuria in evaluating the severity of HELLP and its maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Jiao Yan , Liu Yan , Li Hongyuan , Song Zimeng , Wang Shiliang , Zhang Jiao , Li Jian , Liu Jia , Wang Peng , Chen Yanhong
Published: August 2023

Background

HELLP syndrome refers to a group of clinical syndromes characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet, and the evidence on the association between proteinuria and the severity of HELLP and its maternal and neonatal outcomes is rare.

Methods

106 pregnant women were assigned to the proteinuric group (24-hUPro ≥ 0.3 g, 79 cases) and the non-proteinuric group (24-hUPro < 0.3 g, 27 cases). The proteinuric group was further divided into three subgroups: mild group (24-hUPro:0.3-2.0 g, 33 cases), moderate group (24-hUPro:2.0-5.0 g, 21 cases) and severe group (24-hUPro: ≥5.0 g, 25 cases). The general clinical data, laboratory indexes, complications and pregnancy outcome and adverse neonatal outcomes of HELLP with or without proteinuric were analyzed.

Results

Compared with proteinuric group, the non-albuminuric group or in the three proteinuric subgroups of HELLP pregnant women’s, increased proteinuria was associated with earlier onset gestations, higher incidence of abdominal pain, skin jaundice, headache, blurred vision (p < 0.05 respectively), and also the higher levels of ALT, AST, LDH, Fib, APTT, ATII, proportions of tubular urine and lower levels of ALB, PLT (p < 0.05 respectively). In the three subgroups of the proteinuric group, the ratio of fetal growth restriction, cesarean section and postpartum hemorrhage were compared, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05 respectively). Compared with the proteinuric group, the non-proteinuric group had higher birth weight, birth length, and lower SGA, admission rate in NICU (p < 0.05 respectively). In the three subgroups of the proteinuric group, significant differences were identified in the adverse outcomes of newborns (p < 0.05 respectively), and the incidence of adverse outcomes in neonates tended to be higher. Significant differences were identified in birth weight, birth length, and lower SGA and NICU occupancy rate among the three subgroups (p < 0.05 respectively).

Conclusions

HELLP syndrome is a severe complication of pregnancy, involving multiple systems of the whole body. It has posed a great challenge to obstetricians for its acute onset, dangerous condition, rapid progress, and great harm. Thus, insights into HELLP syndrome should be gained, and early diagnosis, early treatment and timely termination of pregnancy should be conducted to reduce the incidence of maternal and fetal adverse outcomes and improve maternal and fetal prognosis.
Therapeutic alliance and dropout in patients with borderline pathology receiving residential dialectical behavior therapy
Authors: Steuwe Carolin , Berg Michaela , Driessen Martin , Beblo Thomas
Published: August 2023

Background

This study focused on the impact of therapeutic alliance on therapy dropout in a naturalistic sample of patients with borderline pathology receiving dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in a residential setting. We assumed that low therapeutic alliance shortly after admission would be associated with elevated dropout.

Methods

44 participants with borderline pathology (≥ 3 DSM-5 borderline personality disorder criteria) in a residential DBT program completed a quality assurance questionnaire set assessing demographic information, pretreatment psychopathology and therapeutic alliance during the first seven days of their residential stay. Predictors of dropout were investigated using binary logistic regression analyses.

Results

The dropout rate was 34.1% (n = 15). In binary logistic regression analyses with variables covering demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities and childhood trauma history, only the therapeutic alliance significantly predicted dropout (z= -2.371,p = .018).

Conclusions

This study supports the importance of therapy process variables, here the therapeutic alliance at the beginning of treatment, as predictors of therapy dropout in borderline pathology. If this finding is replicated, it shows the potential importance of monitoring the therapeutic relationship throughout the therapeutic process. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05289583, retrospectively registered on March 11, 2022.
Clustering of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour and related physical and mental health outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Alosaimi Noura , Sherar Lauren B. , Griffiths Paula , Pearson Natalie
Published: August 2023

Background

Physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and diet play an important role in the physical and mental health of young people. Understanding how these behaviours cluster, and the impact of clusters on health is important for the development of public health interventions. This review examines the prevalence of clusters of PA, sedentary time, and dietary behaviours, and how clusters relate to physical and mental health indicators among children, adolescents and young adults.

Methods

Electronic (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) and manual searches were conducted for articles that were (i) observational studies including children, adolescents and/or young adults aged 5–24 years, (ii) examined the 'patterning', ‘clustering’, or ‘co-existence’ of each of PA, dietary behaviour and SB, and (iii) published in English up to and including July 2022. In addition to information on clustering, data on physical and mental health outcomes were extracted where reported. Included studies were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias for observational studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to high heterogeneity. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021230976).

Results

Forty-nine cross-sectional studies and four prospective cohort studies from eighteen countries reporting data from 778,415 individual participants were included. A broad range of clusters (n = 172) were found (healthy, unhealthy, and mixed). Mixed clusters were common (n = 98), and clusters of high diet quality, low PA and high SB were more prevalent in girls, while mixed clusters of high PA, high SB and low diet quality were more prevalent in boys. Unhealthy clusters comprising low moderate to vigorous PA, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, and high screen time were prevalent, particularly in those from lower socioeconomic status families. Compared to those with healthy behavioural clusters, those with unhealthy and mixed clusters had a higher adiposity, higher risk of cardiovascular disease, poorer mental health scores, and lower cardiorespiratory fitness.

Conclusions

PA, SB and diet cluster in healthy, unhealthy and mixed patterns in young people that differ across sociodemographic characteristics. Unhealthy clusters are associated with poorer health outcomes. Intervention strategies targeting un-clustering multiple unhealthy behaviours should be developed and evaluated for their impact on health outcomes.
Key drivers of reversal of trend in childhood anaemia in India: evidence from Indian demographic and health surveys, 2016–21
Authors: Singh S. K. , Lhungdim H. , Shekhar Chander , Dwivedi L. K. , Pedgaonkar S. , James K. S.
Published: August 2023

Aim

Recent National Family Health Survey results portray striking improvements in most population and health indicators, including fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, gender treatment, household environments, and health insurance coverage of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), with all India resonance. However, the prevalence of any anaemia (< 11 g/dl) among children under age five has exhibited a reversed trajectory in recent years. Therefore, the present study explores key drivers of the reversal of the trend in the prevalence of childhood anaemia between 2015 and2021.

Methods

Data of four rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) were used to show the overall trend of anaemia among children. However, for the analysis of key drivers of the reversal trend of childhood anaemia, only the recent two rounds (NFHS-4 & NFHS-5) were used. Descriptive, bivariate multivariable analysis and Fairlie decomposition model were used to explore the drivers of the reversal of the trend in childhood anaemia.

Results

During the past two decades, India has seen a decline in the prevalence of childhood anaemia (NFHS-2 to NFHS-4). However, a reversal of trend was observed recently. The prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months increased from 59 percent in NFHS-4 to 67 percent in NFHS-5. In addition, the prevalence of mild anaemia increased from 23.3 percent in NFHS-2 to 28.7 percent in NFHS-5. However, the prevalence of moderate and severe anaemia declined considerably from NFHS-2 (40 percent and 4.1 percent) to NFHS-4 (28.7 percent and 1.6 percent), but showed an increase in the prevalence in NFHS-5 (36.3 percent and 2.2 percent). Among others, mothers’ educational attainment, anaemia status and socio-economic status emerge as the key drivers of the change in the prevalence of childhood anaemia.

Conclusion

These findings may have vital implications for the ongoing Anaemia Mukt Bharat Programme, one of the government's dream projects in India.
Self-reported symptoms in Swedish hairdressers and association with exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including aldehydes
Authors: Ricklund Niklas , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss , Hagberg Jessika
Published: August 2023

Background

Working as a hairdresser involves combined exposure to multiple chemicals in hair treatment products that may induce symptoms in airways and skin.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, perceived symptoms among Swedish hairdressers at 10 hair salons were surveyed through a questionnaire. Associations with personal exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including aldehydes, and their corresponding hazard index (HI), based on the estimated risk for non-cancer health effects, were examined. The prevalence of four out of 11 symptoms was compared to available reference datasets from two other studies of office workers and school staff.

Results

All 11 surveyed symptoms were reported among the hairdressers (n = 38). For the whole study group, the most prevalent symptoms were dripping nose (n = 7) and headache (n = 7), followed by eczema (n = 6), stuffed nose (n = 5), cough (n = 5) and discomfort with strong odors (n = 5). Significant relationships between exposure and symptoms were scarce. The exception was total VOC (TVOC) exposure adjusted to worked years in the profession; a difference was observed for any symptom between hairdressers in the group with 20 + years compared to 0–5 years in the profession (logistic regression, OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.001–0.70). Out of the four symptoms available for comparison, the prevalence of headache and cough was significantly higher in hairdressers than in controls (OR 5.18, 95% CI 1.86–13.43 and OR 4.68, 95% CI 1.17–16.07, respectively).

Conclusions

Adverse health effects related to occupation was common among the hairdressers, implying a need for exposure control measures in hair salons. Symptoms of headache and cough were more frequently reported by hairdressers than staff in offices and schools. A healthy worker effect among the hairdressers was indicated in the group with 20 + years compared to 0–5 years in the profession. Significant relationships between measured exposure and symptoms were scarce but gave information about advantages and disadvantages of the different exposure measures. The study design could be improved by increasing the size of the study population, using a better match of reference data and increasing the applicability and representability over time of the measured exposure.
Organisation and integrated healthcare approaches for people living with HIV, multimorbidity, or both: a systematic review
Authors: Nicolau Vanessa , Brandão Daniela , Rua Tiago , Escoval Ana
Published: August 2023

Background

Universal recommendation for antiretroviral drugs and their effectiveness has put forward the challenge of assuring a chronic and continued care approach to PLHIV (People Living with HIV), pressured by aging and multimorbidity. Integrated approaches are emerging which are more responsive to that reality. Studying those approaches, and their relation to the what of delivery arrangements and the how of implementation processes, may support future strategies to attain more effective organizational responses.

Methods

We reviewed empirical studies on either HIV, multimorbidity, or both. The studies were published between 2011 and 2020, describing integrated approaches, their design, implementation, and evaluation strategy. Quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods were included. Electronic databases reviewed cover PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. A narrative analysis was conducted on each study, and data extraction was accomplished according to the Effective Practice and Organisation of Care taxonomy of health systems interventions.

Results

A total of 30 studies, reporting 22 different interventions, were analysed. In general, interventions were grounded and guided by models and frameworks, and focused on specific subpopulations, or priority groups at increased risk of poorer outcomes. Interventions mixed multiple integrated components. Delivery arrangements targeted more frequently clinical integration (n = 13), and care in proximity, community or online-telephone based (n = 15). Interventions reported investments in the role of users, through self-management support (n = 16), and in coordination, through multidisciplinary teams (n = 9) and continuity of care (n = 8). Implementation strategies targeted educational and training activities (n = 12), and less often, mechanisms of iterative improvement (n = 3). At the level of organizational design and governance, interventions mobilised users and communities through representation, at boards and committees, and through consultancy, along different phases of the design process (n = 11).

Conclusion

The data advance important lessons and considerations to take steps forward from disease-focused care to integrated care at two critical levels: design and implementation. Multidisciplinary work, continuity of care, and meaningful engagement of users seem crucial to attain care that is comprehensive and more proximal, within or cross organizations, or sectors. Promising practices are advanced at the level of design, implementation, and evaluation, that set integration as a continued process of improvement and value professionals and users’ knowledge as assets along those phases.

Trial registration

PROSPERO number CRD42020194117.
Somatic symptoms, psychological distress and trauma after disasters: lessons from the 2014 Hazelwood mine fire and 2019–20 Black Summer bushfires
Authors: Gao Caroline X. , Menssink Jana , Campbell Timothy C. H. , Smith Catherine L. , Ikin Jillian F. , Lane Tyler , Abramson Michael J. , Carroll Matthew
Published: August 2023

Background

Wildfires cause significant physical and mental ill-health. How physical and mental symptoms interact following wildfire smoke exposure is unclear, particularly in the context of repeated exposures. In this cross-sectional study we investigated how posttraumatic stress and general psychological distress associated with somatic symptoms in a community exposed to multiple smoke events.

Methods

A random weighted sample of 709 adults exposed to smoke during the 2014 Hazelwood coal mine fire in south-eastern Australia completed a survey in 2020. The survey coincided with the Black Summer wildfires that caused a similar period of smoke haze in the region. Participants self-reported somatic symptoms (PHQ-15) and mine fire-related posttraumatic stress (IES-R) experienced over the previous week, general psychological distress (K10) experienced over the previous four weeks, lifetime health diagnoses and demographic information. Associations between posttraumatic stress, general psychological distress, and each PHQ-15 somatic symptom were analysed using ordinal logistic regression models.

Results

Overall, 36.2% of participants reported moderate- or high-level somatic symptomology. The most frequent somatic symptoms were fatigue, limb pain, trouble sleeping, back pain, headaches, and shortness of breath. After controlling for confounding factors, general psychological distress and posttraumatic stress were independently associated with all somatic symptoms (except menstrual problems in females for posttraumatic stress).

Conclusions

Results highlight the high prevalence of somatic symptoms and their association with general psychological distress and posttraumatic stress within a community in the midst of a second large-scale smoke event. It is essential that healthcare providers and public health authorities consider the interconnections of these conditions when supporting communities affected by climate-related disasters.
Gastrointestinal disease is an important influencing factor of osteoporosis fracture:a retrospective study in chinese postmenopausal women
Authors: Xu PengChao , Ge JiRong , Jiang Hong , Lin YuJuan , Ye YunJin , Huang XiaoBin , He YanYan , Xue LiPeng
Published: August 2023

Backgroud

The influencing factors of osteoporosis are complex, the incidence of osteoporosis is higher in middle-aged and elderly women, and osteoporotic fractures (OF) can seriously affect quality of life. Currently, the correlation analysis between gastrointestinal diseases and OF focuses more on diseases such as gastric cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study analyzed the risk factors for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in 1567 postmenopausal women in Fuzhou, China. The purpose is to explore the potential influence of gastrointestinal diseases on the occurrence of OF.

Methods

According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 1567 subjects were included in the analysis of OP risk factors, including 647 in the OP group and 920 in the NOP group. A total of 616 subjects were included in the analysis of correlation between OF and gastrointestinal diseases, including 132 in OF group and 484 in NF group. Statistical analysis shows that age (OR = 1.062, 95% CI = 1.045–1.080), height (OR = 0.089, 95% CI = 0.009–0.857), weight (OR = 0.981,95% CI = 0.967–0.995) and nature of work (P = 0.010) are the main risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in southeast China, and gastrointestinal diseases (OR = 1.583, 95% CI = 1.070–2.343) and height (OR = 0.003, 95% CI  = 0.000-0.104) are the main risk factors of OF.

Conclusions

The main factors affecting the occurrence of OP in postmenopausal women in southeast China are individual characteristic. Gastrointestinal diseases that do not directly affect BMD increase the risk of OF in osteoporotic patients.
Molar-root incisor malformation — a systematic review of case reports and case series
Authors: Jensen Emilija D. , Smart Gabrielle , Poirier Brianna F. , Sethi Sneha
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Molar-root incisor malformation (MRIM) is a seldom reported condition characterised by disturbances in root development of first permanent molars. This systematic review aimed to collate the clinical characteristics of individuals diagnosed with MRIM.

Materials and methods

A systematic search strategy using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases was performed through to March 2023. Inclusion criteria were case reports or case series including a diagnosis consistent with MRIM. Critical appraisal for all included studies utilised the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for case reports and case series and collation of clinical characteristics was performed in JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information program.

Results

The search identified 157 studies from which 35 satisfied the inclusion criteria. After full-text review, a total of 23 papers described the MRIM dental anomaly and were included in this paper. A total of 130 reported cases were retrieved, with age ranging 3–32 years, and males affected 1.16:1 females. Presence of neurological conditions, premature birth history, medication, and surgery within first years of life were synthesised and described.

Conclusions

The aetiology of MRIM is yet to be determined but epigenetic changes from significant medical history in the first years of life are likely to influence the development of this root malformation. First permanent molars were most commonly affected, but clinicians should be aware that permanent central incisors, primary teeth and other permanent teeth may also be affected.
Racial and ethnic differences in physical activity among mothers of young children: 2011–2018 NHANES
Authors: Kwon Soyang , Vu Milkie , Wetoska Nina M. , Bartell Tami R.
Published: August 2023

Background

American women tend to reduce physical activity (PA) during the transition to motherhood. Their main barrier to participation in PA is lack of time due to new/increased parenting and housework responsibilities. Because there are known racial/ethnic variations in time spent on housework among American women, their PA changes during the transition to motherhood might also differ by racial/ ethnic background. This study aimed to compare PA between American mothers of young child(ren) under age 5 years (YC) and American women without children by their racial/ethnic background.

Methods

Secondary data analyses were conducted using 2011–2018 US National Health and Nutrition Survey data. The study sample included 4,892 women aged 20–45 years (Asian n = 760; Black n = 1,162; Hispanic n = 1,324; White n = 1,646). Participants completed a Physical Activity Questionnaire that asked about participation in transportation and leisure-time moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA; minutes/week). Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to compare MVPA among women living without children and with YC (no older children) in each of the racial/ethnic groups.

Results

Overall, the prevalence of physical inactivity, defined as zero minutes of MVPA in a typical week, was 43% (95% CI = 38–49%) vs. 32% (95% CI = 29–35%) among women living with YC vs. without children. The adjusted odds of physical inactivity for women living with YC, compared to women living without children, was significantly higher among Asian (OR = 2.08 [95% CI = 1.37–3.17]) and White women (OR = 1.63 [95% CI = 1.11–2.38]), while it was statistically insignificant among Hispanic and Black women. Among women who reported participating in MVPA, Asian women living with YC had 35 fewer minutes/week of MVPA than their counterparts living without children (p = 0.06), while other racial and ethnic groups showed no significant differences.

Conclusions

American mothers of YC were less likely to engage in transportation or leisure-time MVPA, compared to those living without children. This association was particularly strong among Asian women. The study results suggest that a PA reduction in the transition to motherhood may be particularly large among Asian American women, calling for targeted efforts for PA promotion among Asian American mothers of YC; e.g., culturally-tailored community-based physical activity programs for Asian American mothers.