bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imperfect maintenance strategy of a three-stage failure process and a two-level inspection for train bogie system
Authors: He Deqiang , Zhou Nianwen , Liu Chenyu , Jin Zhenzhen , Chen Yanjun , Miao Jian
Published: June 2022

With the gradual expansion of the scale of urban rail transit, its safety and cost issues have aroused widespread concern. Aiming at the common phenomena of "over-maintenance" or "under-maintenance" in urban rail trains, the imperfect preventive maintenance model with a two-level inspection strategy based on a three-stage failure process for train bogie system is proposed. Firstly, three parameters of Weibull distribution of components are obtained by analyzing historical fault data. According to the reliability curve and failure rate obtained by Weibull three parameters, the single components are divided into three stages: normal driving stage, initial deterioration stage and severe deterioration stage, and the three stages are identified by a two-level inspection. Among them, the normal driving stage and the severe deterioration stage are identified by the low-level inspection, and at the same time, it is possible to identify the initial deterioration stage, while all stages are identified accurately by the high-level inspection. Secondly, maintenance economy and train availability are taken as the optimization condition of the imperfect maintenance strategy, and the obtained optimal imperfect maintenance interval is taken as the high-level inspection time in the two-level inspection. Then an inspection threshold is proposed to determine the functional relationship between the high-level inspection and the low-level inspection. With the minimum expected cost as the goal, the expected cost of single components is calculated through different low-level inspection time, inspection threshold and preventive repair threshold. Finally, taking certain city urban rail train bogie system as an example, it is found that the minimum expected cost of axle box subassembly is CNY 43.28 a day, the maintenance period is 428 days. The minimum expected cost of gear box subassembly is CNY 27.26 a day, and the maintenance period is 651 days. Compared with the similar models, the maintenance period is prolonged and the expected cost is reduced, which verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the model and provides a theoretical basis for scientific maintenance.
Impacts of an Undergraduate Research Assistant Program: The First Decade
Authors: Smith Sharon , Nguyen Adrienne , Chenard Danielle , Burnham Kristin , Albert Arlene
Published: June 2022

PurposeThere is a declining number of physician-scientists. Little is published about the potential for undergraduate student experiences to contribute to the pipeline of future researchers. The purpose of this study was to describe a unique undergraduate research program and report the outcomes of the first 10 years. MethodThe Undergraduate Research Assistant Program (URAP) was described including course content, research experiences, and student composition. Outcomes of URAP student contributions to the literature and research presentations was reported. URAP students were also surveyed to assess their perspectives on the impact of the URAP program on career choices after graduation.ResultsURAP began as an independent study course and grew into for-credit undergraduate college courses. There a total of 212 students have taken at least one semester and 88 responded to the survey. All students who attended URAP have graduated, and 77% (n=68) reported the URAP program prepared them to reach their career goals. Most graduates pursued health care careers including medical school (55%), Master’s programs in health care (29%), or PhD in health care (5%). URAP students participated in research involving 11 different pediatric subspecialties. Many attained co-authorship of abstracts and publications, 53 first-authored an abstract presentation and 7 manuscripts.ConclusionsURAP significantly impacted undergraduate students who overwhelmingly entered health care fields. While difficult to assess if these early experiences will influence participation as future physician –scientist, these students made meaningful research contributions while enrolled in these courses.
Construction of direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/BiYWO6 heterojunction photocatalyst with enhanced visible light activity towards the degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Bavani Thirungnanam , Madhavan Jagannathan , Preeyanghaa Mani , Neppolian Bernaurdshaw , Murugesan Sepperumal
Published: June 2022

Construction of the Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst achieved highly improved photocatalytic ability by its high redox ability of the photoinduced e−-h+ pairs. In the study, Z-scheme g-C3N4/BiYWO6 heterojunction photocatalyst is prepared by the single step hydrothermal method. Further, its photocatalytic ability was assessed by degrading methylene blue under visible light exposure. Particularly, the optimized 30 wt. % of g-C3N4 in the g-C3N4/BiYWO6 composite exposes almost complete degradation after 90 min, that is ~ 3.0 times greater than the bare BiYWO6 and g-C3N4 with the rate constant value 0.032 min− 1. Experimentally, the radical trapping studies indicates O2.− and .OH radicals are playing vital role in the photocatalytic degradation process. Also, Z-scheme g-C3N4/BiYWO6 heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits excellent photoelectrochemical property and it is stable after three cycles, which indicates its good reusability nature. These enhancements are due to the newly formed heterostructure that facilitates the migration and separation efficiency of the photoproduced e−-h+ pairs. Hence, the synthesized Z-scheme g-C3N4/BiYWO6 heterostructure could be an excellent material for wastewater remediation works.
The optimal FET strategy for the recurrent implantation failure patient: thawing Day 3 embryos and culturing to Day 5 blastocysts
Authors: Li Xiang , Zeng Youman , He Juan , Luo Bowen , Lu Xiongcai , Zhu Lingling , Yang Zengyu , Cai Fuman , Chen Sheng-ao , Luo Yudi
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to investigate the optimal frozen embryo transfer (FET) strategy in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) patients with three consecutive failed cleavage embryo implantations. A retrospective analysis of FET cycles performed in our IVF center from January 2018 to August 2020. The FET cycles were classified into three groups according to their FET strategies: thawed day 3 embryo transfer (D3 FET group) (n = 52), thawed blastocyst transfer (D5 FET group) (n = 166), and extended culturing of frozen-thawed day 3 embryos to day 5 blastocysts transfer (D3-5 FET group) (n = 58). The biochemical, clinical pregnancies, implantation, abortion, multiple pregnancy, and live birth were analyzed and compared among the three groups. A total of 43.8% of vitrified-thawed cleavage embryos developed into blastocysts in the D3-5 FET group. Although no statistically significant differences were observed in the number of transferred embryos and grade A embryos among the three groups, the pregnancy outcomes were significantly better in the D3-5 FET group, with higher biochemical, clinical pregnancy, implantation, and live-birth rates (all P < 0.05) in comparison with the D3 FET group. Interestingly, when compared with the D5 FET group, the D3-5 FET group showed a significantly higher implantation rate, although no difference was found in the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth outcomes. Our results suggest that D3-5 FET would be the optimal FET strategy for RIF patients with three repeated consecutive implantation failures by achieving better pregnancy outcomes than the direct D3 FET strategy.
CaMKII regulates neuromuscular activity and survival of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Hirst Natasha L. , Lawton Scott P. , Walker Anthony J.
Published: June 2022

Calcium/calmodulin dependant protein kinase II (CaMKII), an important transducer of Ca2+ signals, orchestrates multiple cellular functions in animals. Here we investigated the importance of CaMKII to Schistosoma mansoni, a blood parasite that causes human schistosomiasis. We demonstrate that phosphorylated (activated) CaMKII is present in cercariae, somules and adult worms, and show that striking activation occurs in the nervous tissue of these parasite life-stages; CaMKII was also activated in the tegument and muscles of adult worms and the vitellaria of females. Exposure of worms to the anti-schistosomal drug praziquantel (PZQ) induced significant CaMKII activation and depletion of CaMKII protein/activation in adult worms resulted in hypokinesia, reduced vitality and death. At medium confidence, S. mansoni CaMKII was predicted to interact with 51 proteins, with many containing CaMKII phosphorylation sites and nine mapped to phosphoproteome data including sites within a ryanodine receptor. The CaMKII network was functionally enriched with mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt, and notch pathways, and ion-transport and voltage-dependent channel protein domains. Collectively, these data highlight the intricacies of CaMKII signalling in S. mansoni, show CaMKII to be an active player in the PZQ-mediated response of schistosomes and highlight CaMKII as a possible target for the development of novel anti-schistosome therapeutics.
Deep Learning for Separation and Feature Extraction of Bonded Teeth: Tool Establishment and Application
Authors: Li Ruomei , Zhu Cheng , Chu Fengting , Yu Quan , Fan Di , Ouyang Ningjuan , Jin Yu , Guo Weiming , Xia Lunguo , Feng Qiping , Fang Bing
Published: June 2022

Objective: We aimed to establish an automated digital tool for tooth surface and bracket separation and feature extraction based on deep learning algorithms and examine its application in a bracket position assessment scenario. Materials and methods: Our segmentation network for tooth surface and bracket separation was trained using dataset A containing 978 bonded teeth, 20 original teeth, and 20 brackets generated by scanners. The accuracy and separation time of the network were tested by dataset B including another 118 bonded teeth. The clinical crown center, bracket center, and orientations of separated teeth and brackets were extracted. This tool was then applied for bracket position assessment, with the linear distribution and angular deviation of bonded brackets being recorded.Results: This tool performed tooth surfaces and bracket separation in 2.9 ms per tooth with accuracies of 98.93% and 97.42% (P <0.01) in datasets A and B, respectively. The features of the tooth surface and bracket were extracted and used to evaluate the results of manually bonded brackets by 49 orthodontists. Personal preferences for angulations and high consistency in locating brackets on lateral incisors were found.Conclusions: The tool has satisfactory efficiency and accuracy and can be operated without original teeth data. It can be utilized in the bracket position assessment scenario with ease.Clinical Significance: With the help of this tool, unnecessary bracket removal can be avoided when evaluating bracket positions and changing treatment plans. It holds the promise of producing retainers and orthodontic appliances in advance without original tooth data.
An efficacious and safe rescue of GM3 synthase deficiency by spatially regulated rAAV-mediated ST3GAL5 delivery
Authors: Yang Huiya , Brown Robert , Wang Dan , Strauss Kevin , Gao Guangping
Published: June 2022

GM3 synthase deficiency (GM3SD) is an infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy syndrome caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations in ST3GAL5. Loss of ST3GAL5 activity in humans results in systemic ganglioside deficiency and severe neurological impairment. No disease-modifying treatment is currently available. Certain recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier to induce widespread, long-term gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS), and represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we show that a first-generation rAAV-ST3GAL5 replacement vector employing a ubiquitous promoter restored tissue ST3GAL5 expression and normalized cerebral gangliosides in patient-derived iPSC neurons and brain tissue from St3gal5 knock-out mice, but caused fatal hepatotoxicity when administered systemically. In contrast, a second-generation vector optimized for CNS-restricted ST3GAL5 expression, administered by either intracerebroventricular or intravenous route, allowed for safe and effective rescue of lethality and neurological impairment in murine models of GM3SD. These results support further clinical development of ST3GAL5 gene therapy.
Mobile application for home exercise adherence in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study
Authors: Yamamoto Yohei , Murata Yasuaki , Tanaka Naofumi , Shigemura Tomonori , Maruyama Juntaro , Nakane Ryo , Wada Yuichi
Published: June 2022

Background
The adherence to home exercise is generally low despite its well-known effect on knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, we developed a home exercise application, LongLifeSupport, to provide patients with daily basic exercise videos and an automatic recording calendar. We hypothesized that this application would encourage patients to exercise and help maintain their motivation; this pilot study aimed to determine their exercise adherence rates. Using outcome measures, we also aimed to determine the effect of home exercise using this application and the factors for its continuation.
Methods
Twenty patients with knee osteoarthritis were included. The participants exercised for 12 weeks. Using pre- and post-tests, we examined their satisfaction with continuation (only in the post-test), Japanese knee osteoarthritis measure score, short physical performance battery score, bilateral knee extension muscle strength, and short test battery for locomotive syndrome. Furthermore, we investigated correlations between adherence rates and pre-test scores of Japanese knee osteoarthritis measure and short test battery, and between pre-test scores and variations in Japanese knee osteoarthritis measure and short test battery.
Results
The mean adherence rate was 82.4%. The participants showed ease of continuation (100%) and significant improvements in the degree of knee pain, pain and stiffness, and daily life conditions using the Japanese knee osteoarthritis measure score, total score, walk seconds and chair stand seconds of the short physical performance battery, as well as the extension muscle strength of the right- and pain-side knee. No significant correlations were identified between the adherence rate and the pre-test or variation.
Conclusions
The adherence rate to the application was over 80%. Participants with knee osteoarthritis showed almost full satisfaction, reduced pain, and improved physical ability. Therefore, the use of this application provided a safe exercise program and maintained the exercise motivation of participants. Thus, it may be useful for unsupervised home exercise.
Trial registration:
WHO Registry Network jRCT1030210102. Registered on 19/05/2021
Sustained antibacterial coating with graphene oxide ultrathin film combined with cationic surface-active agents in wet environment
Authors: Miyaji Hirofumi , Kanemoto Yukimi , Hamamoto Asako , Shitomi Kanako , Nishida Erika , Kato Akihito , Tsutomu Sugaya , Tanaka Saori , Aikawa Natsuha , Kawasaki Hideya , Gohda Syun , Ono Hironobu
Published: June 2022

Antimicrobial surfactants contained in mouthrinse have excellent efficacy but are not retained on the tooth surface (are rinsed away) due to their low water resistance and thus do not exhibit sustained antibacterial activity. We have developed a new coating method using graphene oxide (GO) that retains the surfactant on the tooth surface even after rinsing with water, thus providing a sustained antibacterial effect. Ultra-thin films of GO and antimicrobial agent were prepared by (1) applying GO to the substrate surface, drying, and thoroughly rinsing with water to remove excess GO to form an ultrathin film (almost a monolayer, transparent) on the substrate surface, then (2) applying antimicrobial cationic surface active agents (CSAAs) on the GO film to form a composite coating film (GO/CSAA). GO/CSAA formation was verified by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ζ-potential and contact angle measurements. GO/CSAA was effective at inhibiting the growth of oral pathogens even after up to 7 days of storage in water, and antibacterial activity was recovered by reapplication of the CSAA. Antibacterial GO/CSAA films were also formed on a tooth substrate. The results suggest that GO/CSAA coatings are effective in preventing oral infections.
Association between real-time strategy video game learning outcomes and pre-training brain white matter structure: preliminary study
Authors: Lewandowska Paulina , Jakubowska Natalia , Hryniewicz Nikodem , Prusinowski Rafał , Kossowski Bartosz , Brzezicka Aneta , Kowalczyk-Grębska Natalia
Published: June 2022

In recent years the association between video games, cognition, and the brain has been actively investigated. However, it is still unclear how individual predispositions, such as brain structure characteristics, play a role in the process of acquiring new skills, such as video games. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate whether acquisition of cognitive-motor skills from the real-time strategy video game (StarCraft II) is associated with pre-training measures of brain white matter integrity. Our study shows significant correlations between white matter integrity in the selected regions (anterior limb of internal capsule, cingulum/hippocampus) and tracts (inferior longitudinal fasciculus), and StarCraft II performance indicators. The results show that higher white matter integrity in the regions of interest and tracts is associated with better StarCraft II performance. These regions are proven to be involved in specific functions such as psychomotor, set shifting ability, or visually guided decisions and behavior. The presented findings inline with previous results and suggest that structural brain predispositions of individuals are related to the video game skill acquisition. Our study pinpoints the importance of neuroimaging studies that focus on white matter in predicting the outcomes of intervention studies.
Energy and exergy analysis of heat pipe based SWH system integrated with phase change material for clear and cloudy days: An experimental approach
Authors: Pathak Sudhir Kumar , Tyagi V. V. , Chopra K. , Pandey Adarsh Kumar
Published: June 2022

Solar water heating is the most promising way to effectively use solar energy among all other solar energy applications. In this study, an innovative way of incorporatingphase change material (PCM) between the annulusspace of the heat pipe and the evacuated tubes for solar water heaters (SWHs) is used. The proposed system can deliver hot water when demand is high/solar radiation is insufficient by using palmitic acid as PCM. The energetic and exergetic analysis of the developed systemintegrated with PCM is studied on both clear and cloudy days. The results revealed that the maximum daily collected useful energyfor the clear and cloudy days was10.65 MJ & 8.52MJ respectively, whereas the maximum storage tank temperature was found to be 46.2°C and 41.4°C for the corresponding days. The daily average energetic and exergetic efficiencies of the proposed system were found to be 76.57% and 79.64%, and 2.37% and 1.38%, respectively at a fixed mass flow ratefor clear and cloudy days conditions.The results reveal that the designed system eliminates the problem of overheating heat pipes and can supply hot water even under cloudy conditions.
Effect of AI-assisted software on inter- and intra-observer variability for preschool children X-ray bone age assessment
Authors: Zhao Kai , Ma Shuai , Sun Zhaonan , Liu Xiang , Zhu Ying , Xu Yufeng , Wang Xiaoying
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of AI-assisted software on residents’ inter-observer agreement and intra-observer reproducibility for preschool children X-ray bone age assessment.
Methods
This prospective study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee. Six board-certified residents interpreted 56 bone age radiographs ranging from 3 to 6 years with structured reporting by modified TW3 method. The images were interpreted on two separate occasions, once with and once without the assistant of AI. After a washout period of 4 weeks, the radiographs were reevaluated by each resident in the same way. The average bone age results of three experts were the reference bone age. Both TW3-RUS and TW3-Carpal were evaluated. The root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute difference (MAD) and bone age accuracy within 0.5 years & 1 year were used as metrics of accuracy. Inter-observer agreement and intra-observer reproducibility were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCs).
Results
With the assistance of bone age AI software, the accuracy of residents’ results improved significantly. For Inter-observer agreement comparison, The ICC results with AI assistance among 6 residents were higher than results without AI assistance on the two separate occasions. For intra-observer reproducibility comparison, the ICC results with AI assistance were higher than results without AI assistance between the 1st reading and 2nd reading for each resident.
Conclusions
For preschool children X-ray bone age assessment, besides improving diagnostic accuracy, bone age AI-assisted software can also increase inter-observer agreement and intra-observer reproducibility. AI-assisted software can be an effective diagnostic tool for residents in actual clinical settings.
Venular amyloid accumulation subsequent to cerebral amyloid angiopathy in transgenic Fischer 344 Alzheimer’s disease rats
Authors: Bishay Jossana , Beckett Tina L. , Lai Aaron Y. , Hill Mary E. , McMahon Dallan , McLaurin JoAnne
Published: June 2022

Strong evidence demonstrates a significant association between cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For this reason, interest in understanding the underlying vascular pathologies that contribute to AD remain. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy research has primarily focused on arterioles and capillaries, overlooking the draining venules. Therefore, this study sought to examine venular amyloid pathology and its relationship to arteriolar amyloidosis throughout AD progression in the TgF344-AD rat model. Antibodies targeting the amyloid-beta peptide (Ab) sequence suggest morphological differences between arteriolar and venular amyloid. Mass spectrometric analyses of isolated cortical parenchymal plaques, arteriolar and venular amyloid demonstrated presence of Ab in all three samples, as well as proteins known to be associated with AD. Histopathological analysis indicates a significant age effect for both arteriolar and venular amyloid accumulation, with accumulation initiated in the somatosensory cortex followed by the motor and cingulate cortex. Lastly, arteriolar amyloid accumulates prior to venular amyloid deposition and at a faster rate earlier in AD progression. Overall, understanding venular and arteriolar amyloid pathology provides insight into the complex connection between cerebral amyloid angiopathy and AD.
Assessing the time dependence of AOPs on the surface properties of Polylactic Acid
Authors: Kalogirou Charalampia , Höfft Oliver , Gödde Anna , Pandis Pavlos K. , Argirusis Christos , Sourkouni Georgia
Published: June 2022

Plastics are artificial synthetic organic polymers that have been used in every area of daily life. However, because of their slow degradation rate their use is contentious. The treatment of the surface of the sample is considered necessary as enzymatic or bacterial attach is not possible if the plastic surface environment is not ideal. The main topic of this work is the pre-treatment of samples of Polylactic acid (PLA) using different Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in order to modify their surface in such a way as to foster the adhesion of enzymes or bacteria for further biodegradation. The Advanced Oxidation Processes that have been used are Ultrasonication, UV photodegradation and Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma. After the treatments, the surfaces were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Drop Contact Angle (DCA), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Both Ultrasonication and UV have a significant impact on surface characteristics by removing the oxygen content of the polymer, although in distinct ways, whereas plasma uncovers the oxygen groups at the surface.
Enhanced aramid/Al2O3 interfacial properties by PDDA-modification for the preparation of composite insulating Paper
Authors: Lv Fangcheng , Lu Xiuquan , Song Jingxuan , Zhu Meiying , Wang Shenghui , Xu Yuqin , Chang Xiaobin
Published: June 2022

For further improve the electrical insulation properties of meta-aramid paper(PMIA), polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) was used for the modification of nano-Al2O3 in this work. The modified products were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and liquid Zeta potential. The original and PDDA modified nano-Al2O3 was doped into the aramid fiber composite, and the effects of PDDA and filler mass fraction on several properties such as electrical conductivity, breakdown strength and surface charge dissipation rate of insulating paper were studied. Finally, the interfacial properties of the composites were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD). The results showed that PDDA was successfully coated on the surface of nano-Al2O3, and its surface potential was changed from negative to positive, which could improve the interface characteristics between filler and matrix and enhance the dielectric strength of aramid paper. Besides, saturation effect of PDDA modification was observed, and when the amount of PDDA was 10% and the content of modified nano-Al2O3 was 3%, the breakdown strength of aramid paper was increased by 20%, and the volume conductivity was decreased by 68%. The simulation result revealed that PDDA could improve the insulation performance of aramid paper by reducing the interfacial binding energy between aramid and filler.
Complex dynamic patterns of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and swine over 10 years in Chongming Island, Shanghai
Authors: lv chao , Shang Jun , Zhang WenGang , Sun BingQing , Li Min , Guo ChaoYi , Zhou Nan , Zhou XiaoNong , Guo XiaoKui , Huang ShiXin , Zhu YongZhang
Published: June 2022

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious threats to animal and public health. Here, we conducted a dynamic surveillance of E. coli on Chongming Island in Shanghai during 2009-2021 to reveal Chongming's specific epidemic AMR characteristics and trends. Methods: Rectal (cloaca) swabs from four poultry and nine swine farms were collected for strain culture and isolation. The routine micro-broth dilution method was used to test antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates against 9 antibiotic classes including 15 antimicrobials. Utilizing generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and co-occurrence analyses, we further explored the multidrug-resistant (MDR) combinations and dynamic patterns of E. coli over 10 years in two food animals.Results: 853 MDR isolates were found among 945 collected E. coli isolates, 337 from poultry and 608 from swine. Both animal isolates exhibited high resistance rates (>70%) to tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, β-lactams, and aminoglycosides (only in swine). The resistance to the four antibiotic classes listed above (excluding sulfonamides) was significantly greater in swine isolates than in poultry isolates, whereas fluoroquinolones resistance was reversed. Resistance to polymyxins decreased similarly in swine (42.4% in 2009 to 0% in 2021) and poultry isolates (16.5% to 0%). However, resistance to the other seven antibiotic classes (excluding carbapenems) declined dramatically only in swine isolates, particularly fluoroquinolones (from 80.5% to 14.4%). Surprisingly, except for fluoroquinolone resistance, which showed a modest decline in poultry isolates, the resistances to the other seven antibiotic classes showed markedly divergent patterns. Using Poisson GLMMs, despite the highly diverse MDR profiles, the most prevalent MDR combinations were aminoglycosides-tetracyclines-sulfonamides in poultry and aminoglycosides-phenicols-fluoroquinolones in swine. In addition, the beta-lactams-cephalosporins and aminoglycosides-polymyxins patterns in both animals exhibited strong coefficients, indicating an enhanced synergistic risk.Conclusion:Our study uncovered vastly distinct AMR patterns and dynamic tendencies of poultry and swine isolates from Chongming. Due to the ongoing implementation of national anti-AMR strategies, Chongming's AMR status has improved, as indicated by the decline in MDR prevalence (particularly in swine) and low resistance to carbapenems, cephalosporins, and polymyxins. Finally, Chongming Island can use these findings to execute the One Health plan to tackle AMR.
Untargeted ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling of blood serum in bladder cancer
Authors: Nizioł Joanna , Ossoliński Krzysztof , Płaza Aneta , Kołodziej Artur , Ossolińska Anna , Ossoliński Tadeusz , Ruman Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urological cancer of high mortality and recurrence rates. Currently, cystoscopy is performed as standard examination for the diagnosis and subsequent monitoring for recurrence of the patients. Frequent expensive and invasive procedures may deterrent patients from regular follow-up screening, therefore it is important to look for new non-invasive methods to aid in the detection of recurrent and/or primary BC. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS) was employed for non-targeted metabolomic profiling of 200 human serum samples to identify biochemical signatures that differentiate BC from non-cancer controls (NCs). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses with external validation revealed twenty-seven metabolites that differentiate between BC patients from NCs. Abundances of these metabolites displayed statistically significant differences in in two independent training and validation sets. Twenty-three serum metabolites were also found to be distinguishing between low- and high-grade of BC patients and controls. Thirty-seven serum metabolites were found to differentiate between different stages of BC. The results suggest that measurement of serum metabolites may provide more facile and less invasive diagnostic methodology for detection of bladder cancer and recurrent disease management.
Dynamics in the Water Towers of the Pamir and Downstream Consequences
Authors: Sidle Roy , Caiserman Arnaud , Khojazoda Zulfiqor , Salazar Álvaro
Published: June 2022

Changes in water delivery from the Pamir Water Towers to streams affect poor regions of Central Asia. We used a 20-yr remotely sensed climate record to assess water source dynamics in the sparsely monitored region. Varying spatial and temporal patterns of rain and snowfall occurred throughout the region. Temperatures increased across the east-central Panj and eastern Vakhsh basins. Warmer temperatures in central Panj and Wakhan corridor coupled with minor declines in snow water will induce water stress during dry years. In contrast, stable temperatures at lower elevations together with increasing precipitation, especially in spring, will benefit agriculture and community water supplies. Seasonal temperature increases, particularly in December, occurred in glaciated areas; however, December temperatures were <-20°C. In the Fedchenko and lower Panj glacier sectors, increasing spring snowfall offsets temperature increases causing little glacier mass change. The Wakhan corridor is at highest risk of glacier mass loss due to declining snow in early spring and increasing temperature in late winter and early spring. Interannual snowfall variability poses the largest uncertainty for water supplies. Permafrost thaw may contribute a small, but timely, source of runoff. Because of high interannual and spatial variability of precipitation, regional climate change scenarios cannot inform adaptation measures for mountain communities, thus, more granular-scale data are needed.
Marginal Zone B cells produce 'natural' atheroprotective IgM antibodies in a T-cell-dependent manner
Authors: Harrison James , Newland Stephen , Jiang Wei , Zhao Xiaohui , Clement Marc , Masters Leanne , Corovic Andrej , Zhang Xian , Drago Fabrizio , Ma Marcella , Kozma Maria Ozsvar , Yasin Froher , Saady Yuta , Kothari Hema , Zhao Tian , Shi Guo-Ping , McNamara Coleen , Binder Christoph , Sage Andrew , Tarkin Jason , Mallat Ziad , Nus Meritxell
Published: June 2022

The adaptive immune response plays an important role in atherosclerosis. In response to a high fat/high cholesterol diet, marginal zone B (MZB) cells activate an atheroprotective programme by regulating the differentiation and accumulation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. On the other hand, Tfh cells activate the germinal centre response, which promotes atherosclerosis in part through the production of class-switched high-affinity antibodies. However, the direct role of Tfh cells in atherosclerosis remains poorly understood. Here, using a low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (Ldlr-/-) atherogenic mouse model with selective genetic deletion of Tfh cells, we unexpectedly found that Tfh protect from early atherosclerosis. Mice lacking Tfh had decreased class-switched IgG antibodies against oxidation-specific epitopes (OSE), but also decreased atheroprotective natural IgM-type anti-phosphorycholine (PC) antibodies, despite no alteration of natural B1 cells. RNAseq of MZB cells showed that these cells failed to activate their antibody-secreting machinery in the absence of Tfh. Moreover, MZB cell deficiency in Ldlr-/- mice was associated with a significant decrease in atheroprotective IgM antibodies, including natural anti-PC IgM. In humans, we find a positive correlation between circulating MZB-like cells and anti-OSE IgM antibodies. Finally, we identify an important role for IL18 signalling in high fat/high cholesterol diet-induced Tfh. Our findings reveal a previously unsuspected role of MZB cells in regulating atheroprotective “natural” IgM antibody production in a Tfh-dependent manner, which could have important pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
Hyperspectral imaging-based classification of rice leaf blast severity over multiple growth stages
Authors: Zhang Guosheng , Xu Tongyu , Tian Youwen
Published: June 2022

Background: Rice blast, which is prevalent worldwide, represents a serious threat to harvested crop yield and quality. Hyperspectral imaging, an emerging technology used in plant disease research, is a stable, repeatable method for disease grading. Current methods for assessing disease severity have mostly focused on individual growth stages rather than multiple ones. In this study, we calculated the spectral reflectance ratio (SRR) of whole leaves and healthy leaf tissues and constructed a support vector machine (SVM) model to assess rice leaf blast severity over multiple growth stages.Results: The average accuracy, micro F1 values, and macro F1 values of the full-spectrum-based SVM model were respectively 94.75%, 0.869, and 0.883 in 2019; 92.92%, 0.823, and 0.808 in 2021; and 88.09%, 0.792, and 0.757 under the 2019–2021 combined model. The SRR–SVM model could be used to evaluate rice leaf blast disease during multiple growth stages and had good generalizability.Conclusions: The proposed SRR data analysis method is able to eliminate differences among individuals to some extent, thus allowing for its application to assess rice leaf blast severity over multiple growth stages. Our approach, which can supplement single-stage disease-degree classification, provides a possible direction for future research on the assessment of plant disease severity during multiple growth stages.
Using Ground-Based Small Telescopes in Solving Orbits of some Asteroids
Authors: Odeh Mohammad , Al-Wardat Mashhoor
Published: June 2022

We present the ability of small telescopes in solving the orbits of bright asteroids. Where we used observations of a 5-inch apochromatic refractor telescope to solve the orbits of some asteroids. The telescope is located in Al-Khatim Observatory in the desert of Abu Dhabi in United Arab Emirates. The code of the observatory "MPC Code" is M44.
In order to test the accuracy of our observations, we used two asteroids with solved orbits published in the Minor Planet Center website based on thousands of observations. These are 1036 Ganymed from Amor group and 99942 Apophis from Aten and PHA groups.
The results show a great match between the orbital element sets of both asteroids. The maximum errors were 0.2% and 0.1% for Ganymed and Apophis, respectively. As for the equatorial coordinates generated by both sets, we found that the difference for Apophis is less than one arc minute, and for Ganymed is less than 2 arcseconds. Thus, we conclude that a small telescope with good guiding accuracy can be used to obtain very accurate orbital elements for bright asteroids.
P450cam (CYP101A1) Mutants for Endosulfan Degradation: Complete Dehalogenation of Endosulfan Diol and Related Compounds
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Gkaleni Nicole , Balaraman Priyadarshini , Prasad Brinda , Plettner Erika
Published: June 2022

Cytochrome P450cam (CYP101A1) from the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida oxidizes camphor regio- and stereoselectively at the 5-position, to give 5-exo-hydroxycamphor. Previously, we randomly mutated P450cam and selected seven mutants on the bicyclic polychlorinated insecticide and persistent organic pollutant, endosulfan (ES). Here we describe the activity of the seven mutants of P450cam with ES diol, ES, ES lactone, ES ether, ES sulfate, and heptachlor. ES diol, ES lactone, ES ether, and ES sulfate are persistent biotransformation products of ES in the environment. They all have the hexachlorinated norbornene (bicyclo[2.2.1] hept-2-ene) moiety intact. The P450cam mutants (and to a small extent the wild type) convert these substrates to substituted ortho-quinones, which we detected using 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) in spectrophotometric assays. Here we have studied dehalogenation of ES and related compounds catalyzed by the endosulfan–selected P450cam mutants, using in vitro kinetics, chloride release assays, and 13C labeled endosulfan diol. We found that mutants ES7 (V247F/D297N/K314E) and ES6 (G120S) were significantly more active towards ES diol than the WT. On average, close to six Cl- ions are released per aromatic product detected upon turnover of ES diol. Finally, product isolation from reactions with non-labeled and 13C labeled ES diol confirmed that substituted catechols formed. Based on these findings, we propose that dehalogenagion begins with the oxidation of the ES double bond on the norbornene system, proceeds with eliminating six chloride ions and loss of the bridge as CO2 to furnish an ortho-quinone, which can be reduced non-enzymatically to the corresponding catechol.
WITHDRAWN: Effects of different physical factors on the heat conduction properties of carbon nanotubes on an atomic scale using molecular dynamics
Authors: Chen Junjie
Published: June 2022

Atomic-scale computations were carried out to investigate the properties of nanoscale thermal transport in single-walled carbon nanotubes. The effects of crystal length, atom number, and temperature on the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes were evaluated. The thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes was determined to understand the characteristics of thermal transport in the nanostructured materials. The objective is to gain insight into the fundamental characteristics of thermal transport in single-walled carbon nanotubes. Particular emphasis is placed on the dependence of crystal length, atom number, and temperature on the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes, with an attempt to improve the heat conduction properties for carbon-based nanostructured materials. The results indicated that phonons are derived from the crystal lattice. The crystal length and temperature are the primary factors affecting the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The atom number has little effect on the thermal conductivity. The difference in thermal conductivity is insignificant between single-walled zigzag and armchair carbon nanotubes. However, the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes depends strongly upon the crystal length. There is a significant effect of crystal length on the thermal conductivity. Phonon-boundary scattering instead of phonon-phonon Umklapp scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism. The thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes is approximately constant at high temperatures. At low temperatures well below the Debye temperature, thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes decreases, as does the heat capacity.
Energy Efficient TDMA and Secure based MAC Protocol for WSN using AQL Coding and ASGWI Clustering
Authors: Vankdothu Ramdas , Abdul Hameed Mohd
Published: June 2022

This work presents a Secure and Energy Efficient TDMA based MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks. The presented technique is handled in the following stages. In the initial phase, adaptable step size grey wolf inspired (ASGWI) clustering methodology is presented for producing viable cluster trees by optimal selection of cluster heads. The ASGWI clustering decreases the expense of finding the ideal situation for the head hubs in a cluster. In the second stage, reliable routing is provided by the adaptive quantum logic (AQL) coding to advance the system security in WSN. At last, the energy effective secure information correspondence approach is proposed inside the cluster instead of the base station for TDMA scheduling. Here, the determination models of the objective function are created dependent on the remaining energy, Headcount, intra-cluster distance, and node degree. The presented TDMA scheduling for Cluster-tree topology in WSNs meets the practicality and the energy demands. The exploratory outcomes show the predominance of the introduced approach contrasting and the current strategies regarding network throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and the remaining energy level of the nodes
The structure of an individual soul and the problem of “two minds” in the theology of Philo of Alexandria
Authors:   Russian Christian Academy for the Humanities, Prikhodko Archpriest Maksim
Published: June 2022

The teaching of Philo the Alexandrian is a system of the regular intersection of theological and psychological lines of reasoning. The crucial point for the Judaic thinker was the rational explanation of religious doctrine. Philo manages to do this using the Stoics’ concept of soul and its action in the light of allegoric interpretations of the central points of Genesis, such as the creation of man and the first-fall of the Progenitors. Philo’s elaboration on the Stoics’ doctrine of the soul reveals the conceptual model of relationship between God and man based on the communication between the mind and the senses within a human soul. Philo finds the universal aspect of the action of an individual mind, whose disposition towards the senses either links it to the universe and God or closes it within itself and becomes a cause of vice. Philo uses the Stoics’ distinguishing of an individual mind (hegemonikon) and the universal logos to state the transitional function of the human mind regarding God and the universe. In terms of the Stoics’ concept of the rational nature of impulse, Philo explains man’s responsibility for the appearance of evil as well as the reason for seeking the cause of the universe and its place there. Thus, Philo shows the action of an individual soul both in the context of the living processes of the whole universe and in relation to God.
Noology of Plotinus as an essay of rational theology
Authors:   St Petersburg Theological Academy, Nikulin Priest Maksim ,   Russian Christian Academy for Humanities,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: June 2022

Plotinus’ theology is often viewed from a mystical aspect. He is considered an experienced contemplator rather than a discursive theologian. But recently, works have appeared that reveal moments of the philosopher’s positive theology. Plotinus’ henology is a theology, but the One, being transcendental, excludes any cataphatics. Noology is also a theology, as the philosopher calls the Intellect God. The term “rational theology” may have two meanings, reason and understanding, corresponding to two stages of knowledge of God, empirical and descriptive. In the treatise “On the Knowing Hypostases and That Which is Beyond” Plotinus discusses two ways of cognizing the Intellect, intuitive and discursive. The soul can empirically feel the Intellect, partake in, assimilate to and even become It, but it can also comprehend its experience through understanding (διάνοια, λογιστικόν), since it is connected with the Intellect through the inherent letters (γράμμασιν), laws (νόμοις), rules (κάνοσιν). Psychology may also be viewed as “rational theology”, but not in the sense formed in the context of Christian theology, which is attributed to the term at the present time. In the structure of the Intellect, Plotinus distinguishes the Intelligible — Intellect — Intelligence triad. This triad is close to E. Husserl’s “pure ego” structure, but the phenomenological epistemology is not substantiated, in contrast to the neoplatonic model. Noology could become the ontological ground of modern epistemology, and its theological nature — the foundation of any humanitarian knowledge.
Tauvil and tafviz as the basic methods of understanding and interpreting unclear texts of the Quran and hadis
Authors:   Dagestan Islamic University named after Sheikh Muhammad-Arif, Magomedov Timur (Muhammad) K.
Published: June 2022

This article discusses the question of what the Muslim understanding of the hadiths (sayings) of the Prophet and the verses of the Koran, referred to in the scientific and theological environment as الآيات و الأحاديث المتشابهات (ambiguous verses and hadiths) should be. These are ambiguous sacred lines that can prompt a person to think about the articulation of Allah, about the possibility of limiting the Creator by space or moving Him, i. e. about the admissibility of some similarity between the Almighty and His creations. A misunderstanding of these hadiths and verses forms a distorted idea of Allah in a person and, under certain conditions, can lead him out of the bosom of Islam, since Monotheism — as the most important basis of Islamic dogma — presupposes the uniqueness of Allah by essence, actions and His attributes (sifats) and His absolute incomparability. The article presents a reasonable true interpretation of these verses of the noble Quran and hadiths. The work affirms the legitimacy and admissibility of tawil (interpretation of an obscure word, that is, the selection of a suitable meaning from the paradigm of the meanings of an obscure word, which corresponds to the rules of the Arabic language and does not indicate a shortcoming in relation to Almighty Allah) as a method in understanding obscure texts of the Quran and hadith.