bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibroblastic SMOC2 Suppresses Mechanical Nociception by Inhibiting Coupled Activation of Primary Sensory Neurons
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Cai Bing , Li Zhen , Wang Kaikai , Bao Lan , Li Changlin , Zhang Xu
Published: April 2022

Nociceptive information is detected and transmitted by neurons in the DRG. Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing has revealed the molecular profile of various cell types, including fibroblasts in the DRG. However, the role of molecules in fibroblasts needs to be elucidated in nociceptive regulation. Here, we found that secreted modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2) was secreted by fibroblasts to become a component of basement membrane and envelop the unit consisting of DRG neurons and attached satellite glial cells. KO ofSmoc2in both sexes of mice led to increased neuronal clusters and decreased mechanical threshold, but unchanged noxious thermal response. Knockdown ofSmoc2in the DRG phenocopied the behavioral performance bySmoc2KO in both sexes of mice.In vivocalcium imaging showed thatSmoc2KO increased coupled activation of adjacent DRG neurons induced by nociceptive mechanical stimuli, which was reversed by DRG injection of SMOC2. Importantly, SMOC2 interacted with P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and suppressed ATP-induced activation in HEK293 cells expressing this receptor. Injection of A740003, an antagonist of P2X7R, to the DRG reduced coupled activation of adjacent DRG neurons induced by nociceptive mechanical stimuli but did not further enhance the SMOC2-inhibited effect. Furthermore, peripheral inflammation resulted in a decreased SMOC2 and increased neuronal clusters. DRG injection of SMOC2 inhibited the neuronal coupling resulted from peripheral inflammation. This study reveals a specific role of fibroblastic SMOC2 in suppressing mechanical nociception through inhibiting the communication of adjacent DRG neurons, which provides an important mechanism of fibroblasts in nociceptive regulation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe function of fibroblastic molecules is rarely noticed in the regulation of nociceptive sensation. Here, we reveal that fibroblastic SMOC2 is secreted to be a component of basement membrane and surrounded the unit consisting of DRG neuron and attached satellite glial cells. SMOC2 is required for maintaining the basal mechanical nociceptive threshold in the DRG. Loss of SMOC2 leads to the increased coupled activation of adjacent DRG neurons induced by noxious mechanical stimuli. Peripheral inflammation causes decreased fibroblast cells and SMOC2, which may result in the increase of coupled activation of adjacent DRG neurons. Mechanistically, SMOC2 interacts with and suppresses satellite glial P2X7 receptor to inhibit the coupled activation of adjacent DRG neurons.
INVESTIGATION OF THERMOSONICATED STRAWBERRY NECTAR QUALITY DURING STORAGE AND KINETIC MODELLING
Authors: DÜNDAR KIRIT Burcu , AKYILDIZ Asiye
Published: April 2022

The changes in ascorbic acid-(AA) content, hydroxymethylfurfural-(HMF) content, total color difference-(∆E*) and browning index-(BI) of optimally thermosonicated (59°C-455 J/g) cloudy strawberry nectar during storage (3 months at 4°C) were evaluated. Also, the data obtained were modelled. The initial AA content (104.86 mg/L) decreased ~99% after storage, while HMF level increased from 20.46 to 494.44 µg/L. The significant increases in BI-(0.45-0.56) and ∆E*-(5.21–11.23) were consistent with each other and over storage time. The changes in HMF content-(R2=0.849), BI-(R2=0.942) and ∆E* were best fitted to zero-order kinetic model, while decrease in AA content-(R2=0.9755) was described with the first-order kinetic model. The reaction rate constants of AA, HMF, ∆E* and BI were determined as 5.58x10-2 1/day, 4.34 mg/L.day, 6.40x10-2 mg/L.day and 14x10-2 mg/L.day, respectively. The highest correlation with the change in ∆E* was observed in AA-(R2=0.955) followed by BI-(R2=0.859). Therefore, the greatest effect on color might be caused by AA degradation.
High temporal resolution estimates of Arctic snowfall rates emphasizing gauge and radar-based retrievals from the MOSAiC expedition
Authors: Matrosov Sergey Y. , Shupe Matthew D. , Uttal Taneil
Published: April 2022

This article presents the results of snowfall rate and accumulation estimates from a vertically pointing 35-GHz radar and other sensors deployed during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The radar-based retrievals are the most consistent in terms of data availability and are largely immune to blowing snow. The total liquid-equivalent accumulation during the snow accumulation season is around 110 mm, with more abundant precipitation during spring months. About half of the total accumulation came from weak snowfall with rates less than approximately 0.2 mmh–1. The total snowfall estimates from a Vaisala optical sensor aboard the icebreaker are similar to those from radar retrievals, though their daily and monthly accumulations and instantaneous rates varied significantly. Compared to radar retrievals and the icebreaker optical sensor data, measurements from an identical optical sensor at an ice camp are biased high. Blowing snow effects, in part, explain differences. Weighing gauge measurements significantly overestimate snowfall during February–April 2020 as compared to other sensors and are not well suited for estimating instantaneous snowfall rates. The icebreaker optical disdrometer estimates of snowfall rates are, on average, relatively little biased compared to radar retrievals when raw particle counts are available and appropriate snowflake mass-size relations are used. These counts, however, are not available during periods that produced more than a third of the total snowfall. While there are uncertainties in the radar-based retrievals due to the choice of reflectivity-snowfall rate relations, the major error contributor is the uncertainty in the radar absolute calibration. The MOSAiC radar calibration is evaluated using comparisons with other radars and liquid water cloud–drizzle processes observed during summer. Overall, this study describes a consistent, radar-based snowfall rate product for MOSAiC that provides significant insight into Central Arctic snowfall and can be used for many other purposes.
Reverberações dos espaços na escuta dos afetos: o livro pop-up pelas mãos de Anna Llenas
Authors: Melão Dulce
Published: April 2022

Nesta reflexão procura-se dar a ler/ver o livro pop-up Gosto de ti (quase sempre) de Anna Llenas (2020), encarando-o como artefacto estético que convoca a participação dos leitores, em processos de contínua sedução. O artigo norteia-se por três objetivos principais: i) indagar o modo como os espaços reconstruídos na dupla página instigam uma multidimensionalidade lúdica e criativa que fomenta a empatia; ii) pôr a descoberto o caráter plurissignificativo das materialidades deste livro pop-up, para a compreensão da aceitação do Outro, potenciando a vivência de emoções que vão ao reencontro de práticas de cidadania responsável e ativa; iii) sugerir itinerários de leituras, potenciados pelas peculiaridades reapresentadas no espaço da página. Conclui-se que este livro se institui como invulgar tecido permeado de afetos que reverberam nos múltiplos espaços que as páginas desvelam, tornando-se matéria vivaz que toca os olhos dos leitores, alimentando a empatia.
Bilateral Mezo-Taurodontik Dişlerin Endodontik Tedavisi: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: MUSLU DİNÇ Büşra , AŞAR Enes Mustafa , TOSUN Gül
Published: April 2022

Taurodontizm, dişlerde nadir olarak gözlenen, dişin morfoanatomik yapısıyla ilgili gelişimsel bir anomalidir. Taurodont dişler; normalden geniş bir pulpa odası, apikale doğru uzamış pulpa tabanı ve mine-sement birleşkesinde normal dişlerde gözlenen daralmanın gerçekleşmemiş olması gibi karakteristik özelliklere sahiptir. Bu anomaliye sıklıkla molar dişlerde rastlanmakla birlikte nadir de olsa kesici ve premolar dişlerde de görülebilmektedir. Bu makalede, sistemik bir hastalığı veya sendromu bulunmayan bir hastada mezo-taurodont mandibular sağ ve sol birinci molar dişlerin endodontik tedavileri bildirilmektedir.
DAİMİ DİŞLERDE İNTRAKORONAL DEVİTAL BEYAZLATMA: 3 OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: MUSLU DİNÇ Büşra , AŞAR Enes Mustafa , TOSUN Gül
Published: April 2022

Diş renklenmeleri, özellikle anterior dişlerde sıklıkla düzeltilmesi gereken estetik bir problem olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Genellikle travma, endodontik tedavi veya pulpa nekrozu gibi nedenlerle renklenmeye uğrayan dişler için kron ve laminate restorasyonlar gibi çözüm yöntemleri olmasına rağmen; diğer tedavi yöntemlerine göre daha konservatif, daha az maliyetli ve daha kolay uygulanabilen beyazlatma yöntemleri ile başarılı bir şekilde tedavi sağlanabilmektedir. Bu klinik olgu raporunda, endodontik tedavi sonrasında renklenmeye maruz kalan anterior dişlere sahip üç hastaya ‘sodyum perborat’ beyazlatma ajanı kullanılarak uygulanan intrakoronal devital beyazlatma tedavilerinin 2 yıllık sonuçları sunulmuştur.
Evaluation of Quality and Readability of Online Information on Treatments of Traumatic Dental Injuries
Authors: ATEŞÇİ Alp Abidin , KILINÇ Kılınç
Published: April 2022

Background: Traumatic dental injuries is a common public health issue all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality and readability of web based information regarding treatments of traumatic dental injuries. Methods: An internet search was carried out using Google search engine with four different keywords (''treatment of broken teeth'', ''treatment of tooth trauma'', ''treatment of anterior tooth fractures in children'', ''fractured teeth treatments'') related to treatments of traumatic dental injuries. The duplicate websites, links to research studies, advertisements, discussion groups, videos and images were excluded from the evaluation. The quality of the written information regarding treatments of traumatic dental injuries in websites were analyzed with DISCERN toolkit. The readability of the written information was evaluated with Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL), Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease (FKRE) and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook reading grade level (SMOG) index. Results: A total of 120 webpages were identified but only 42 of them were remained after exclusion criterias. Among these websites, 25 (59.5%) of them were belonged to private dental clinics, 9 (21.4%) of them were belonged to informative pages about health and dentistry and 8 (19.1%) of them were belonged to professional organizations' websites. The average DISCERN score was 42.4 and ranged between 24 to 62. The average FKRE was 50.7 ± 14. which is equivalent to a reading level of 10th to 12nd grade. The average FKGL score for was 8.5 ± 2.8 and the average SMOG score was 7.3 ± 2.0 for all the websites. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that the quality of information on the investigated websites was fair according to the DISCERN toolkit and too difficult to read and interpret for the general population. Healthcare information providers should focus on improving the quality and readability of the information regarding treatment of traumatic dental injuries.
Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Pedodonti Anabilim Dalında Uzmanlaşma Konusundaki Tercihlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KIZILCI Esra , DUMAN Burcu , DEMİROĞLU Cansu
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Erciyes Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’ndeki öğrencilerin diş
hekimliğinde uzmanlık hakkındaki düşüncelerini araştırmak ve Pedodonti anabilim dalında
uzmanlaşma hakkındaki motivasyonlarını ortaya koymaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Erciyes Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’nde eğitim
görmekte olan 84 3.sınıf, 53 4.sınıf, 59 5.sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Öğrencilerden diş
hekimliğinde uzmanlık hakkındaki düşüncelerini içeren anketleri çevrimiçi doldurmaları
istenmiştir. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve ki-kare testi ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: 73’ü erkek 123’ü kız olmak üzere toplam 196 öğrenci ankete katılmıştır. Diş
hekimliğinde uzmanlık olarak tercih edilen ilk bölüm %38.8 ile Ağız Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi
olurken, Pedodonti uzmanlığı düşünen öğrencilerin oranı %11.7’dir. Ankete katılanların %48.5’i
Pedodonti bölümünü ilk olarak preklinik bölümünde tanıdığını belirtmiştir. Öğrencilerin %56.1’i
pedodontinin en çok klinik deneyimlerinden etkilendiğini bildirmişlerdir. Ayrıca hasta bakmanın
en zor olduğu düşünülen bölüm %44.9 ile Pedodonti olmuştur. Öğrencilerin %28.1’inin
pedodonti ile ilk klinik deneyimi olumsuz geçmiştir.
Sonuç: Çalışma sonucumuza göre öğrencilerin uzmanlık kariyer hedefleri ilk olarak preklinik
döneminde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Daha sonra klinik deneyim, maddi kaygılar ve mesleki ilgi odaklı
olarak şekillenmektedir. Öğrencilere eğitim döneminde çocuk hasta ile iletişim kurma
yöntemlerinin detaylı olarak anlatılması ve pedodonti kliniğindeki ilk deneyimlerini
kooperasyonu yüksek çocuk hastalarla yaşamaları uzmanlık alanına olan ilgiyi artırabilir.
CERRAHİ DESTEKLİ HIZLI MAKSİLLER GENİŞLETME SONRASI DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİNDE RADYOGRAFİK GÖRÜNTÜLEMENİN ÖNEMİ: DERLEME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ALAGÖZ Elifhan , ÜNVER Tuğba , KURT Gökmen , DOLANMAZ Doğan
Published: April 2022

Kalıtımsal, fonksiyonel veya çevresel etkenler sonucu kafa yüz kemiklerinde ortaya çıkan iskeletsel bir anomali; maksillanın büyümesini olumsuz yönde etkileyerek sagittal, vertikal ve transversal yönde malokluzyonlara neden olabilmektedir. Maksiller transversal darlık, kraniofasiyal alanda görülen iskeletsel anomalilerin en sık olarak gözlendiği problemlerdir. Bu durum hem iskeletsel, hem de dişsel olarak karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Maksiller darlık vakalarında tedavi alternatifleri yaşa bağlı olarak değişmektedir. İskeletsel maksiller darlık tanısı konmuş olup, gelişimi devam eden bireylerde ortopedik maksiller genişletme yapılmaktadır. Erişkin bireylerde ise maksiller darlıklar, ortopedik kuvvetler yetersiz kaldığı için cerrahi destekli hızlı maksiller genişletme (CDHMG) ile düzeltilebilmektedir. CDHMG prosedürü, plastik cerrahi uygulamasında bir tür kontrollü yumuşak doku genişletmesi olmakla beraber popüler bir kavram olan distraksiyon osteogenezi olarak ifade edildiği bildirilmektedir.
Transversal iskelet değişikliklerini değerlendiren çoğu çalışma, dental ölçülere veya konvansiyonel iki boyutlu (2D) radyografilere dayanmaktadır. Ancak 2D radyograflar ile karşılaştırıldığında, üç boyutlu (3D) görüntüleme diş ve iskelet hareketlerinin daha kesin değerlendirilmesini sağlayabilir. Özellikle dental volumetrik tomografi (DVT), invaziv olmama, yüksek erişilebilirlik, yüksek doğruluk ve iyi çözünürlük nedeniyle ağız, diş ve çene-yüz cerrahisinde, ortodontide tanı ve tedavi takibi için benzeri görülmemiş bir teknik haline gelmiştir.
2D görüntünün magnifiye olması, distorsiyona uğraması, anatomik yapıların süperpoze olması gibi bazı kısıtlamalar nedeniyle 2D görüntüler yerine günümüzde 3D görüntüler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır.
Diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin Koronavirüs bilgi düzeyleri, koruyucu davranışları ve korku seviyeleri
Authors: BÜYÜKBAYRAKTAR Zeynep , KARAHAN Seher , AĞADAYI Ezgi , DORUK Cenk
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırmada amacımız diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin koronavirüs bilgi düzeylerini, koruyucu davranışlarını ve korku seviyelerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmada Google form aracılığıyla oluşturulan anket formu sosyal medya aracılığıyla 620 öğrenciye ulaştırıldı. Anket formu sırasıyla tanımlayıcı özellik (11 soru), koruyucu davranış uygulama sıklığı (7 soru), bilgi düzeyi (11 soru) ve Covid-19 Korkusu Ölçeği (7 soru) soruları olmak üzere toplamda 4 bölümden oluşmaktaydı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız örnekler t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Ki-Kare testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza yaş ortalamaları 21.44 olan 256 kız, 176 erkek toplam 432 öğrenci katıldı. Cevaplama oranı % 69.60’dı. Katılımcıların % 17.60’ı Covid-19 enfeksiyonu geçirmişti ve % 32.61’inin en az bir yakını Covid-19 enfeksiyonuna bağlı olarak ölmüştü. Öğrencilerin en çok öksürüp hapşırırken dikkatli davrandıkları tespit edildi (% 74.55). Öğrencilerin bilgi puan ortalaması 10.12 ± 1.02 ve Covid-19 Korkusu Ölçeği puan ortalaması 15.98 ± 6.22 olarak bulundu. Bilgi puanıyla cinsiyet, sınıf ve Covid-19 enfeksiyonu geçirmiş olma arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı. Koronavirüs korkusu ile cinsiyet, kronik hastalık varlığı, psikolojik destek ihtiyacı ve aileden izolasyon durumu arasında anlamlı farklılık vardı. Sonuç: Diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin koronavirüs bilgi seviyeleri ve koruyucu davranış uygulama sıklıkları bazı eksiklikler görülse de iyi seviyededir. Kronik hastalığı olan öğrencilerin korku seviyelerinin daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.
Morphologic and Morphometric Analysis of the Greater Palatine Grooves, Crests, and Bridges: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: KÖSE Taha , GÜNAÇAR Dilara Nil
Published: April 2022

Background: The study aims to provide information on the location and morphology of the greater palatine groove, crest, and bridge in the hard palate and to improve awareness of these structures.
Methods: Two hundred cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were randomly selected and the existence of the groove/crest/bridge structures was evaluated in the upper first and second molar regions, regardless of dental situations (dentate or edentulous). The grooves were classified as flat (<1.5 mm), shallow (from 1.5 to 3 mm), and deep (> 3 mm). The presence and types of groove were recorded. All data were assessed according to different age groups and sex.
Results: Of the 200 images evaluated, 163 individuals (81.5%) had at least one groove and only 37 (18.5%) had no groove. A total of 737 grooves were detected and the mean depth of the grooves was 2.19±1 mm. The frequency of grooves was significantly higher in dentate regions (p<0.05). In the first and second molar regions, 185 sites (46.25%) and 231 sites (57.75%) had at least one groove, respectively. The most common type was shallow groove (53.18%, 392/737). The higher mean values of groove depth were in the 61-70 and 71-86 years’ age groups.
Conclusion: Palatal groove is not a rare anatomic condition. Physicians should be aware of this structure to prevent damage to the neurovascular structures contained in grooves during surgical procedures in related areas.
Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’ndeki Çocuklarda Süt Dişi Çekim Nedenleri
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Zülfikar , BEKTAŞ Kübra , YILMAZ ÇALIŞIR Kübra , GÜNGÖR Özge , KARAYILMAZ Hüseyin
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Batı Akdeniz Bölgesinde yaşayan çocuklarda çekim endikasyonu konulmuş süt dişlerinin başlıca çekim nedenlerini ve diş tiplerine göre dağılımını araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Akdeniz Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti kliniğine, Ocak 2019 ile Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında tedavi için başvuran 3-15 yaşları arasındaki hastaların diş kayıtları incelendi. Hastanın yaşı, cinsiyeti, çekim endikasyonu konulan diş tipi ve çekim nedenleri değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Dört ay boyunca 742 hastanın (400 erkek, 342 kız) toplam 1525 dişine çekim endikasyonu konulmuştur. Süt birinci azı dişler en sık çekim endikasyonu konulan diş tipidir ve toplam diş sayısının % 38’ini oluşturmaktadır. Çekilen diş tipi ve çekim nedenlerinde cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık yoktur (p > 0.05). En yüksek çekim endikasyon nedenlerini % 47.2 oranıyla eksfoliasyon zamanı, ardından % 46.4 oranıyla patolojik nedenler (geri dönüşümsüz pulpa iltihabı, dento-alveolar apse vb.) oluşturmuştur. Patolojik nedenlerle çekim endikasyonu konulmuş olan süt dişlerinin çoğunun, 6-8 yaş arasındaki çocuklarda olduğu görülmüştür (% 54).
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, süt dişlerinin büyük çoğunluğunun çekim nedeninin çürük ve çeşitli pulpal patolojilerden kaynaklı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Çocukların, ağız diş sağlığı ile ilgili bilgilerinin geliştirilmesi ve erken çekimlerin önlenebilmesi için çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.
Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Basis Data Rekrutmen Pegawai pada Departemen HRD di PT. Tirta Varia Intipratama
Authors: Riski Akbar Riski , Nurmiati Evy
Published: April 2022

Rekrutmen pegawai merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang berperan penting dalam penentuan kualitas sumber daya manusia pada perusahaan, maka dibutuhkan pengelolaan data perekrutan pegawai yang baik. Penerapan sistem basis data sangat membantu proses pendataan rekrutmen pegawai terutama dalam hal menghindari terjadinya human error, meminimalisir biaya, serta mempermudah dalam pengelolaan data yang dapat diteruskan menjadi laporan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan rancangan sistem basis data rekrutmen pegawai untuk Departemen HRD PT. Tirta Varia Intipratama yang memberikan layanan penginputan, penyimpanan, dan pengelolaan data-data terkait rekrutmen pegawai. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah Rapid Application Development (RAD) dan bahasa pemodelan Unified Modelling Languange (UML). Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah rancangan sistem basis data berbasis web yang dapat mengelola data-data rekrutmen pegawai dari tahap awal pemilihan calon pegawai, terseleksinya pegawai sesuai kebutuhan perusahaan, hingga terciptanya laporan rekrutmen pegawai.
Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: SONI KANAL BHADRESH
Published: April 2022

Using new spam technologies to carry out internet banking fraud refers to shifting and withdrawing money from the user’s balance account without it’s authorization. Credit card fraud pops into the mind so far in the current scenario when the concept of fraud bursts into some conversation. Credit card fraud has escalated tremendously in recent times due to the incredible growth in credit card purchases. In order to assess, identify or prevent undesirable conduct, fraud detection requires tracking the purchase behavior of users/customers. The purpose of this project is to predict the genuine and fraud transactions with respect to the amount of the transaction utilizing various machine learning approaches like Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest and K-Nearest Neighbor. The model built who has greater accuracy and precision is considered to be best fit for this system.
Cerclaje con alambre en fracturas subtrocantéricas de cadera. Análisis de beneficios y complicaciones
Authors: Garabano Germán , Gessara Alan , Rodríguez Joaquín , Dainotto Tamara , Del Sel Hernán
Published: April 2022

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue evaluar si la reducción abierta con cerclaje de alambre afectó la consolidación, la tasa de complicaciones y de reoperaciones en pacientes con fracturas subtrocantéricas de cadera, tratadas con clavos cefalomedulares.
Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó a todos los pacientes operados consecutivamente entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2017. Se comparó a los tratados con cerclaje (Grupo A) o sin cerclaje (Grupo B) de alambre en términos de tipo de fractura, estancia hospitalaria, tiempo quirúrgico, necesidad de transfusiones, calidad de la reducción, consolidación y complicaciones (infección, seudoartrosis, reoperaciones).
Resultados: Se incluyó a 58 pacientes. El grupo A estaba conformado por 20 pacientes y el grupo B, por 38. El tipo de fractura más frecuente fue 3A (p = 0,0004). La estancia hospitalaria fue similar (9.0 vs. 10.6 días; p = 0,81), el tiempo quirúrgico y la necesidad de transfusiones fue mayor en el grupo A (p <0,0001 y p = 0,58, respectivamente). La tasa de consolidación fue similar en ambos grupos (90 vs. 92,1%, respectivamente; p = 0,09). Los desejes se observaron solo en el grupo tratado sin lazadas (5-13,5%; p = 0,01). Las tasas de complicaciones (15 vs. 18,4%) y de reoperaciones (15 vs. 15,8%) fueron similares (p = 0,99).
Conclusiones: El uso de lazadas de alambre en fracturas subtrocantéricas de cadera tratadas con clavos cefalomedulares generó un aumento significativo del tiempo quirúrgico, y disminuyó significativamente la incidencia de desejes. La incidencia de reoperaciones fue menor, aunque no significativamente.
Estudio comparativo de la función y el dolor de la rodilla entre el abordaje suprarrotuliano y pararrotuliano medial luego del enclavado endomedular de una fractura de tibia
Authors: Pereira Sebastián , Alzate Munera Mateo , Nasello Tomás Ignacio , Bidolegui Fernando
Published: April 2022

Introducción: El dolor anterior de rodilla es la causa más frecuente de reoperaciones luego del enclavado endomedular de una fractura de tibia. En los últimos años, los abordajes en semiextensión han facilitado la técnica quirúrgica; sin embargo, el dolor posoperatorio sigue siendo la complicación más frecuente. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el abordaje pararrotuliano medial con el suprarrotuliano en cuanto al dolor de rodilla y la función posoperatoria luego del enclavado endomedular de tibia.
Materiales y Métodos: Se conformaron retrospectivamente 2 grupos de pacientes con fracturas de tibia tratados con clavo endomedular a través del abordaje pararrotuliano medial (n = 33) y suprarrotuliano (n = 17). Se evaluaron el dolor de rodilla posoperatorio con las escalas analógica visual y de Lysholm, y la función con el SF-12, al mes 1, 3, 6 y 12.
Resultados: La edad promedio era de 41.5 años (rango 29-76) para el grupo con abordaje pararrotuliano y de 40.4 años (rango 23-90) para el otro grupo. Los resultados respecto del dolor y la función de la rodilla fueron significativamente mejores en el grupo operado con el abordaje suprarrotuliano.
Conclusiones: El abordaje suprarrotuliano se asocia con menor dolor de rodilla y mejor función posoperatoria luego del enclavado endomedular de una fractura de tibia. Sin embargo, estudios prospectivos deberán validar estos resultados.
Fracturas articulares complejas del húmero distal. Recomendaciones para optimizar los resultados y disminuir las complicaciones
Authors: Maiorano Marcos , Argüelles Santiago , Pereira Enrique , Zaidenberg Carlos
Published: April 2022

Las fracturas articulares complejas del húmero distal suponen un gran desafío para el cirujano ortopédico. La complejidad de la anatomía, la presencia de múltiples fragmentos y la mala calidad ósea representan algunas de las principales dificultades para resolver. La relativa infrecuencia de estas fracturas atenta directamente contra el entrenamiento y la sistematización del procedimiento quirúrgico y, por consiguiente, tiene impacto sobre el resultado final y la tasa de complicaciones. El objetivo de esta comunicación es proporcionar herramientas al cirujano a través de la revisión de la bibliografía y la experiencia de los autores para disminuir las complicaciones y optimizar los resultados en el tratamiento de estas fracturas.
Lesiones traumáticas en la mano por el uso de amoladora. Un problema en nuestro medio
Authors: Taboadela Fernando J. , Mantella Gorosito Daniela , Corti Augusto , Francese Martín , Borre Florencia , Maquieira Marcelo , Presas Jésica , Menéndez Ayelén , Duque Jaime
Published: April 2022

Introducción: Las lesiones en las manos causadas por amoladora son comunes y generalmente ocurren en adultos jóvenes. En países en desarrollo, el ámbito doméstico y el trabajo informal son los escenarios más frecuentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir factores asociados a las lesiones por amoladora, y cuantificar y clasificar las heridas, según la gravedad y la región anatómica de la mano involucrada.

Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, retrospectivo. Entre 2016 y 2020, estudiamos a los pacientes con heridas de mano causadas por amoladora. Se analizaron el nivel educativo, la experiencia con la herramienta, el material cortado, el uso de equipo de protección personal, la edad y el sexo. Para determinar el patrón de las lesiones se realizó un análisis clínico-anatómico y radiológico detallado e individualizado. La gravedad fue evaluada con el Hand Injury Severity Score.

Resultados: Se evaluó a 928 pacientes (920 hombres y 8 mujeres, edad promedio 42 años). Solo el 22,4% usaba equipo de protección personal en el momento del accidente. El 84,5% (776 casos) realizaba tareas inusuales para la que esta herramienta no fue diseñada. La mano más afectada fue la izquierda (62,06%). En 784 pacientes, las heridas involucraban los dedos, el patrón de asociación predominante fue entre el 2do y 3er dedo (54,44%). Las lesiones fueron leves (24,1%), moderadas (41,3%), graves (26%) y mayores (8,6%).

Conclusiones: Las lesiones por amoladora pueden resultar devastadoras. Una actualización epidemiológica reforzaría la necesidad de desarrollar métodos preventivos con el fin de disminuir su alta incidencia.
Resolución del caso
Authors: Re Rodrigo
Published: April 2022

Presentación del caso en la página 142.
GLOBAL BRANDS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF COVID-19
Authors: Nikolova-Minkova V.
Published: April 2022

The development of modern business depends to a large extent on the ability of companies to compete. More and more companies engage resource in creating a unique product capable of satisfying and the most demanding users. The protection of these products of unlawful use is carried out through intellectual property sites which are defined as intangible assets. Objects of scientific interest in this study are trademarks as an intangible asset that, through the use of marketing tools, turn into powerful brands for billions of dollars. The purpose of this article is to present the change in the value of world brands under the influence of COVID-19. By using empirical methods (study, comparison and analysis of expert assessments), the paper clarifies the role of intangible assets for the competitiveness of companies and the importance of trademarks and brands as a competitive advantage. The results of the study show predictions about the most valuable global brands for 2021. In conclusion, the role of trademark and brands for society as a whole and in particular for consumers is summarized.
Uma Breve discussao sobre acessibilidade na Web
Authors: Sorrentino Tatiana
Published: April 2022

Atualmente vivemos em um mundo onde a tecnologia faz parte do nosso dia a dia. Para a grande maioria de nós, seria impossível relatar a quantidade de vezes por dia que utilizamos a tecnologia para as nossas atividades cotidianas. Tal condição denota o quanto ela já está incorporada como um hábito na nossa vida. Mas será que a tecnologia já atingiu a sua plenitude, em alcance para todos? Esta é a principal reflexão permitida por este livro, que tem como foco a acessibilidade para os deficientes visuais. Todas as pesquisas trazem à tona as dificuldades que ainda persistem para o grupo de pessoas com necessidades especiais em utilizar a Web. Nesse sentido, o livro traz uma breve discussão sobre acessibilidade na web. É um livro que aprofunda o problema da falta de acessibilidade na web e aponta alguns caminhos possíveis para minimizar os problemas atuais. E como consequência disso poder incluir digitalmente uma parte da população que ainda está à margem das várias possibilidades que a tecnologia nos permite obter de forma plena.
Immunological Aspects of Normal and Pathological Pregnancy
Authors: Galkina Daria E. , Makarenko Tatyana A. , Okladnikov Dmitry V.
Published: April 2022

This article presents an overview of foreign and domestic data (Web of Science, e-LIBRARY, Scopus, PubMed) for the period 19982021, devoted to the system of immune protection of the mother and fetus during normal and pathologically occurring pregnancy. According to the results of the analysis of the literature data, changes occurring at the level of cellular and humoral immunity were revealed, and the mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity, complement systems in such pathologies of pregnancy as miscarriage, threat of termination, preeclampsia, infectious complications were described. A complex system of protection against fetal rejection is a certain regulatory factor in maintaining the immunological balance during the entire gestation period, and a violation in its work underlies the formation of complications of the early and late postpartum period, as well as neonatal pathologies.
Prognostic Significance and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Increasing the Levels of Cardiospecific Troponins in Biological Fluids in Arterial Hypertension (Literature Review)
Authors: Chaulin Aleksey M.
Published: April 2022

Improved laboratory methods for the determination of cardiac troponins (cTnT and cTnI) with increased sensitivity (hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI), recently introduced into clinical practice, have opened up a number of new promising areas for research with the aim of further expanding diagnostic capabilities for the subsequent use of hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI in modern clinical practice. It has been shown that with the use of the highly sensitive methods, even the most insignificant and reversible damage to cardiomyocytes (for example, during physical exertion, psychoemotional stress, and other conditions) is accompanied by diagnostically significant increases in hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI levels. The introduction of highly sensitive immunoassays also changed a number of ideas about the biology of cardiac troponins, for example, they are no longer considered strictly intracellular molecules, since they are determined in all healthy patients and, accordingly, they can be considered as products of normal metabolism of cardiomyocytes when they appear in blood serum in small concentrations (less than 99 percentile). In addition to the accelerated acute myocardial infarction diagnosis, hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI have a high predictive value in a number of pathological conditions that cause non-ischemic cardiomyocytes damage. Currently, the possibility of using hs-Tn in the early stages of pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease or in patients with certain risk factors (for example, arterial hypertension) to assess the risk of possible short-term and long-term adverse cardiovascular events draws an enormous interest. The purpose of this article is to analyze the prognostic significance of highly sensitive cardiospecific troponins in patients suffering from arterial hypertension, to summarize and discuss possible pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiomyocyte damage and increased levels of hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI in these patients.
Risk Factors of Transfer to Mechanical Ventilation of COVID-19 Patients in a Retrospective Non-Randomized Study
Authors: Lakman Irina A. , Musin Timur I. , Galiullina Aliya R. , Bagmanova Zilya A. , Gumerov Ruslan M. , Davtyan Paruir A. , Zagidullin Shamil Z. , Tyurin Anton  V. , Novikov Sergey V , Pavlov Valentin N. , Urazbakhtina Uilya O. , Cai Benzhi , Zagidullin Naufal S.
Published: April 2022

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with significant number of complications and mortality and a burden on the healthcare system. In 1015% of hospitalized patients, the invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV/NIMV) is required. At the same time, it is important to stratify the risk of mechanical ventilation upon admission to the hospital. Aims to identify clinical and laboratory risk factors for transfer to IMV and NIMV in hospitalized patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Methods. A retrospective one-center nonrandomized study of 386 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia was performed. The primary endpoints were IMV (n=22) and NIMV (n=28). Risk factors of artificial ventilation were considered for periods up to 14 and 28 days for both variants. To select a risk predictor, a univariate analysis based on Cox survival regression was performed, followed by multivariate analysis to determine risk factors at these time points. Results. After 28 days from admission the mortal exit was registered in 20 patients from 386 patients (5.2%). 22 patients (5.7%) were transferred to IMV, and 28 patients (7.3%) to NIV, and 9 of the latter were transferred later to IMV. As a result of univariate and multivariate analyzes, the risk factors for transfer to mechanical ventilation on 14th day were: age 65 years (OR=5.91), a history of stroke (OR=17.04), an increased serum level of urea (OR=6.36), LDH (OR=7.39), decreased sodium (OR=12.32), GFR 80 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR=13.75) and platelets (OR=4.14); on the 28th day age 65 years (OR=4.58), J-wave on the ECG (OR=2.98), an increase of LDH (OR=9.99) and a decrease in albumin (OR=2.77) in serum. Predictors of the transfer of patients with COVID-19 to NIV within the period up to 14 days from the beginning of hospitalization were the age 65 years (OR=5.09), procalcitonin level in the blood 0.25 ng/ml (OR=0.19), leukocytes 11109 (OR=19.64) and increased LDH (OR=3.9). Conclusions. In patients with COVID-19, the risk factors for transfer to IMV/NIVL in the period of 14 and 28 days from the beginning of hospitalization were identified, which enable patients mechanical ventilation stratification and to plan respiratory support resources.
The Impact of Medication Reconciliation on Continuityof Drug Therapy during Perioperative Period
Authors: Nigmatkulova Maria D. , Kleymenova E. B. , Yashina Liubov P. , Sychev Dmitry A.
Published: April 2022

Background. Medication errors and resultant adverse drug events (ADEs) often occur during transitions of care. Up to 67% of in-patients prescriptions have at least one unintentional medication discrepancy with previously prescribed therapy. The proportion of clinically significant medication discrepancies is 1159%. Studies from the developed countries demonstrated the effectiveness of medication reconciliation in reducing medication errors, ADEs and healthcare resource utilization. There is a necessity to conduct medication reconciliation studies within Russian current clinical practice to develop effective medical care quality and patients safety programs. Aims to evaluate the impact of pharmacologist-led medication reconciliation on the frequency and structure of unintentional medication discrepancies and potential ADEs at hospital admission and discharge. Methods. Standard care was compared to medication reconciliation led by a clinical pharmacologist in a prospective randomized trial of 410 elective surgical patients. Medication discrepancies at hospital admission and discharge were identified and reconciled. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by reviewing electronic health records. Results. In the intervention group the frequency of unintentional discrepancies at hospital admission decreased from 32.68 to 16.86%, the proportion of patients with at least one unintentional discrepancy decreased from 64.9 to 44.9%, the number of discrepancies per patient decreased from 1.5 to 0.66. The incidence of discrepancies at hospital discharge decreased from 82.90 to 43.29%, the proportion of patients with discrepancies decreased from 95.61 to 52.68%, the average number of discrepancies per patient decreased from 2.79 to 1.67. Medication reconciliation led by clinical pharmacologist decreased the frequency of unscheduled out-patient visits after discharge from 7.32 to 2.93%. The determined risk factors for unintentional discrepancies at hospital admission were: prescribing of cardiovascular, endocrine drugs and those affecting the central nervous system. Both at admission and discharge medication reconciliation was the significant factor reducing the risk of unintentional discrepancies. Conclusions. Medication reconciliation at hospital admission and discharge reduces the frequency of unintentional discrepancies in drug prescriptions by 16 and 40%, respectively. The implementation of medication reconciliation into clinical practice reduces unscheduled out-patient visits after hospital discharge.
Infância e justiça espacial: Desigualdades inter e intrabairros na apropriação da cidade por crianças curitibanas
Authors: Fernandes Sonia Maria , Ferreira Valeria Milena Rohrich
Published: April 2022

Analisa-se aqui se há desigualdade nas experiências espaciais de crianças a depender do local da cidade e do bairro em que moram. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa em que foram analisados 1060 questionários respondidos por famílias de crianças de 27 escolas municipais de Curitiba, distribuídas nas 9 regionais da cidade, à época. Os dados foram analisados a partir de autores da sociologia, da sociologia urbana, da infância e da geografia. Verificou-se que crianças moradoras da região norte-central da cidade e de regiões centrais dos bairros tiveram maior acesso a locais consolidados de lazer e cultura, pois moravam próximas desses locais ou tinham maior  facilidade de se locomover até eles (dentre outras questões relacionadas à classe, gênero, raça, tempo de moradia no bairro, origem geográfica das famílias), demonstrando tanto um “efeito residência” gerador de oportunidades quanto uma mobilidade espacial que, como capital, impulsionava experiências diversificadas na cidade. Já para as crianças que moravam na parte pobre e periférica do bairro e, ainda mais, se eram moradoras do sul e do extremo sul da cidade (quando se cruza dados interbairros com intrabairros), o bairro não se apresentou como um recurso, mas sim, como uma restrição e a mobilidade espacial pareceu ser um capital urbano escasso. A configuração foi a de uma não mistura social entre crianças moradoras de diferentes partes do bairro e da cidade. A cidade se mostrou injusta espacialmente e o bairro apresentou-se modelar, ensinando posições e status superior a algumas crianças e subalternidade e sedentarismo para outras.
Keeping the People's Liberties
Authors: Dinan John J.
Published: April 2022

Which branch of government should be entrusted with safeguarding individual rights? Conventional wisdom assigns this responsibility to the courts, on the grounds that liberty can only be protected through judicial interpretation of bills of rights. In fact it is difficult for many people even to conceive of any other way that rights might be protected. John Dinan challenges this understanding by tracing and evaluating the different methods that have been used to protect rights in the United States from the founding until the present era.

By examining legislative statutes, judicial decisions, convention proceedings, and popular initiatives in four representative states—Massachusetts, Virginia, Michigan, and Oregon—Dinan shows that rights have been secured in the American polity in three principal ways. Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, rights were protected primarily through representative institutions. Then in the early twentieth century, citizens began to turn to direct democratic institutions to secure their rights. It was not until the mid-twentieth century that judges came to be seen as the chief protectors of liberties.

By analyzing the relative ability of legislators, citizens, and judges to serve as guardians of rights, Dinan's study demonstrates that each is capable of securing certain rights in certain situations. Elected representatives are generally capable of protecting most rights, but popular initiatives provide an effective mechanism for securing rights in the face of legislative intransigence, and judicial decisions offer a superior means of protecting liberties in crisis times. Accordingly, rather than viewing rights protection as the peculiar province of any single institution, this task ought to be considered the proper responsibility of all these institutions.

By undertaking a comparison of these institutional methods across such a wide expanse of time, Keeping the People's Liberties makes a highly original contribution to the literature on rights protection and provides a new perspective on debates about the contemporary role of representative, populist, and judicial institutions.
Kansas Populism
Authors: Clanton O. Gene
Published: April 2022

Because Kansas has been called “the leading Midwestern Populist state,” and the Midwestern phrase was the principle one of this significant movement in American history, this first comprehensive history of the Kansas People’s party, its leaders, and their thoughts and actions is an important addition to Populist historiography. Through this study of the leadership, as well as a complete and personal background analysis of the Populist and Republican members of five Kansas legislatures, the author helps to place Populism within its proper historical context.

Although Kansas Populism is shown to have had a retrogressive strain, the pervasive force of the movement is revealed as a constructive and progressive response to the technological achievements that had revolutionized agriculture and industry over the course of the nineteenth century. Their answers were not always commendable, but the Populists were the first political activists to come to grips in an effective manner with the problems created by the continuing economic revolution that uniquely characterizes modern history, and they were “intent on demonstrating, apparently, that the purification of politics was not an iridescent dream.” In the dialogue which they conducted, in the program which they advance, they assisted in launching a progressive quest that continues in our own time.

Undertaken with the objective of testing recent controversial interpretations of the Populist movement, this book, according to one reader, “far surpasses” studies of Populism in other states “done long ago and innocent of modern methods.” It contains passages “almost epigrammatic in their perceptiveness” and is notable for the author’s “fairness in dealing with the evidence.” In fact, the breadth of research and the extensive annotation and bibliographical material included make this volume an important source in itself.
Brandeis
Authors: Strum Philippa
Published: April 2022

Revered as the "People's Attorney," Louis D. Brandeis concluded a distinguished career by serving as an associate justice (1916-1939) of the U.S. Supreme Court. Philippa Strum argues that Brandeis—long recognized as a brilliant legal thinker and defender of traditional civil liberties—was also an important political theorist whose thought has become particularly relevant to the present moment in American politics.

Brandeis, Strum shows, was appalled by the suffering and waste of human potential brought on by industrialization, poverty, and a government increasingly out of touch with its citizens. In response, he developed a unique vision of a "worker's democracy" based on an economically independent and well-educated citizenry actively engaged in defining its own political destiny. She also demonstrates that, while Brandeis's thinking formed the basis of Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom," it went well beyond Wilsonian Progressivism in its call for smaller governmental and economic units such as worker-owned businesses and consumer cooperatives.

Brandeis's political thought, Strum suggests, is especially relevant to current debates over how large a role government should play in resolving everything from unemployment and homelessness to the crisis in health care. One of the few justices to support Roosevelt's New Deal policies in the 1930s, he nevertheless consistently criticized concentrated power in government (and in corporations). He agreed that the government should provide its citizens with some sort of "safety net," but at the same time should empower people to find private solutions to their needs.

A half century later, Brandeis's political thought has much to offer anyone engaged in the current debates pitting individualists against communitarians and rights advocates against social welfare critics.