bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of risk factors for recurrence in infertile endometrial cancer patients after in vitro fertilization treatment
Authors: Wei Hongyi , Pan Ningning , Wang Yang , Ma Caihong
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To investigate the oncologic outcomes of patients with early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) treated with in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) following fertility-sparing treatment (FST).

Methods

A total of 62 patients who underwent IVF/ICSI treatment in a single fertility center between June 2010 and December 2021 after conservative treatment for early-stage EEC were assigned to a recurrence group and a non-recurrence group. Their clinical characteristics and disease outcomes were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

The 62 women with complete remission (CR) after FST for EEC underwent 103 IVF cycles, resulting in 41 fresh embryo transfers (ETs) and 70 frozen–thawed transfers; 27 (43.55%) achieved clinical pregnancies, and 20 (32.26%) gave birth to a total of 23 live neonates. Additionally, nine patients had live births from natural pregnancies after IVF failure, bringing the cumulative live birth rate to 46.77% (29/62). After a median follow-up period of 53.88 months (range 20.2–127.5 months), 17 patients (27.42%) experienced recurrence within 2.8 to 57.9 months after the first controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). The probability of relapse at 1, 2, and 3 years after the initiation of COS was 14.52% (9/62), 21% (13/62), and 25.81% (16/62), respectively. Factors such as the time to CR, the time to IVF, the frequency of COS, maintenance treatment before IVF, and histology type were not found to significantly affect recurrence (p = 0.079, 0.182, 0.093, 0.267, and 0.41, respectively). Live births (hazard ratio (HR): 0.28, 95% CI: 0.082–0.962, p = 0.043) and the protocol of letrozole plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist/agonist used during IVF (HR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.011–0.882, p = 0.038) were identified as independent favorable factors for recurrence.

Conclusions

Live birth was associated with decreased recurrence of EEC. Reducing estrogen levels during COS may serve to mitigate the risk of endometrial cancer recurrence.
The association between sleep and early pubertal development in Chinese children: a school population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Tang Jingyi , Yu Tingting , Jiang Yanrui , Xue Peng , Kong Huijun , Lin Cuilan , Liu Shijian , Tian Ying
Published: November 2023

Background

There is an increasing tendency toward early pubertal development, and sleep might be related to pubertal onset. We aimed to investigate the association of sleep duration and bedtime with early pubertal development.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of 8,007 children (53.6% boys) from Qufu city, Shandong province and Zhongshan city, Guangdong province, China. Data on sleep duration and bedtime were obtained by questionnaire. Early pubertal development was the primary outcome and it was evaluated by the pediatrician according to Tanner staging. Logistic regression models were used to separately examine the association between sleep duration or bedtime and early pubertal development, controlling body mass index (BMI), dietary pattern, soft drink, feeding pattern and mother’s BMI.

Results

In boys, short sleep duration was strongly related to early pubertal development [OR (95%CI): 4.26 (1.30, 13.94)], and this association was intensified after adjusted BMI, dietary pattern, soft drink, feeding pattern and mother’s BMI. In girls, OR (95%CI) was 1.62 (1.04, 2.51), and increased after controlling BMI. Bedtime was associated with early pubertal development on weekdays [OR (95%CI): 6.39 (1.54, 26.45) in boys and 1.93 (1.23, 3.05) in girls], but not on weekends [OR (95%CI): 2.49 (0.61, 10.21) in boys; 1.31 (0.76, 2.25) in girls].

Conclusion

This study underscores the positive association between the risk of early pubertal development and insufficient sleep duration and late bedtime.
Vanadium, cobalt, zinc, and rubidium are associated with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in a Greek population with obesity
Authors: Amerikanou Charalampia , Kleftaki Stamatia-Angeliki , Karavoltsos Sotirios , Tagkouli Dimitra , Sakellari Aikaterini , Valsamidou Evdokia , Gioxari Aristea , Kalogeropoulos Nick , Kaliora Andriana C.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The prevalence of obesity is rising globally, with negative effects on the socioeconomic system. As a result of its drivers which include low-grade chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and fatty acid metabolism, this phenotype develops metabolic anomalies that exacerbate its pathogenesis. It has been discovered that metals and metalloids have substantial effects on both the immune system and metabolism and are influenced by factors connected to obesity. Although there is a known connection between metals, obesity, and related metabolic disorders, it is still under research.

Methods

We determined the plasma levels of 16 metals and metalloids in 76 individuals with obesity and investigated the relationships with inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in order to clarify the processes by which metals/metalloids exhibit their effects.

Results

After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, physical activity level, smoking, the existence of metabolic abnormalities, and dietary intake of the corresponding metal, regression analysis revealed the following statistically significant associations; vanadium was negatively associated with oxLDL (Beta ± SE= -0.014 ± 0.005, p=0.007), zinc was negatively associated with leptin (Beta ± SE= -12.390 ± 5.226, p=0.025), cobalt was associated negatively with adiponectin (Beta ± SE= -0.030 ± 0.012, p=0.001) and positively with MPO (Beta ± SE= 0.002 ± 0.001, p=0.023), and rubidium was negatively associated with oxLDL (Beta ± SE= -1.139 ± 0.411, p=0.008) and positively with MPO (Beta ± SE= 0.324 ± 0.102, p=0.003).

Discussion

The aforementioned associations highlight the need for further research, demonstrating the importance of inflammation and oxidative stress in the association between metals/metalloids and obesity-related metabolic abnormalities.
How FinTech affects total factor energy efficiency? Evidence from Chinese cities
Authors: Kong Xinyue , Xu Tao
Published: November 2023

The advancement of Financial Technology (FinTech) is crucial for government entities, the National Grid, and various energy corporations to facilitate the transition towards sustainable and green production methods. This study investigates the relationship between FinTech and Total Factor Energy Efficiency (TFEE) using data from a selected sample of 254 city groups in China. We examine how the development of FinTech impacts TFEE from both non-spatial and spatial perspectives. The results from the non-spatial panel model indicate that FinTech development has a significant positive impact on TFEE. Comparative studies were conducted using fixed effects (FE), feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) models, and system generalized method of moments (GMM) models, and the main findings remained consistent, confirming the robustness of our conclusions. Spatial autocorrelation results reveal a significant positive spatial spillover effect on TFEE. Both the spatial Durbin model and the dynamic spatial Durbin model demonstrate that FinTech also has a significant positive impact on TFEE, and this effect increases over time. These conclusions remain robust even after considering various spatial weight matrices and alternative methods for calculating TFEE. Additionally, we discovered that the digital economy plays a vital role in strengthening the relationship between FinTech and TFEE. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that, compared to cities without resource-based economies, FinTech development in growing resource-based cities has a more substantial impact on TFEE.
The role of reservoirs under the impacts of climate change on the Srepok River basin, Central Highlands of Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thanh-Nhan-Duc , Nguyen Binh Quang , Grodzka-Łukaszewska Maria , Sinicyn Grzegorz , Lakshmi Venkataraman
Published: November 2023

Forecasting streamflow is important for managing future water resources and environmental needs under the impacts of climate change. Moreover, quantifying the combined effects of future climate variations and human-made infrastructures, e.g., dams and reservoirs, poses a significant challenge. In this study, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for a case study in the Srepok River Basin—a tributary of the Mekong River Basin. Here, we aim to reveal the impacts of various climate change scenarios and the effects of reservoir operations in this region. Our findings indicate that 1) the projected annual streamflow is anticipated to increase by a minimum of 9.2% (2046–2065) and could peak at an increase of 14.9% (2080–2099) under the highest greenhouse gas emissions, 2) Srepok 4, Srepok 3, and Buon Kuop demonstrate a higher capability for mitigating flood peaks and managing seasonal flow in the downstream floodplain, whereas Buon Tua Srah shows the least performance, and 3) reservoirs operated with annual regulation have more pronounced impacts than those regulated on a daily schedule. Our work provides i) a scientific foundation for regional stakeholders and decision-makers to develop sustainable strategies that address the combined effects of reservoir operation and future climate, and ii) it supports national authorities and officials in resolving conflicts related to transboundary rivers within the Mekong River Basin.
Contrasting response mechanisms and ecological stress of net primary productivity in sub-humid to arid transition regions: a case study from the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Chunsheng , Zhang Rui , Chang Lili , Tian Qingjiu
Published: November 2023

With the intensification of global change, the overall functions and structures of ecosystems in sub-humid to arid transition regions have changed to varying degrees. The Loess Plateau, as a typical case of such regions, plays a great role in the study of net primary productivity (NPP) for estimating the sustainability of the Earth’s carrying capacity in terrestrial ecosystem process monitoring. In the research on contrasting response mechanisms and ecological stress of NPP, the main innovations of this study are as follows. On the basis of the indicator system constructed from satellite imagery and meteorological data, we introduced deep multiple regressive models to reveal the relationship between NPP and the identified driving factors and then creatively proposed ecological stress (ES) evaluation models from the perspective of vegetation productivity. The findings are as follows: 1) From 2000 to 2019, the changes in driving factors presented a clear regional character, and the annual NPP maintained a fluctuating increasing trend (with a value of 4.57 g·m2·a−1). From the perspective of spatial distribution, the growth rate of NPP gradually increased from arid to sub-humid regions. 2) The effects of different driving factors on NPP changes and specific NPPs varied greatly across different regions. Arid and semi-arid regions were mainly controlled by precipitation (20.49%), temperature (15.21%), and other related factors, whereas sub-humid regions were mainly controlled by solar radiation, such as net surface solar radiation (NSSR) (8.71%) and surface effective radiation (SER) (7.93%). The main driving factors of NPP change varied under different soil conditions. 3) The spatio-temporal patterns of NPP approximated those of ES, but the effects of the latter significantly differed across ecological functional regions and land uses. This research on the Loess Plateau can serve as a valuable reference for future research on realizing ecosystem restoration and protection in sub-humid to arid transition regions.
Stress gradients structure spatial variability in coastal tidal marsh plant composition and diversity in a major Pacific coast estuary
Authors: Rankin Lyndsay L. , Jones Scott F. , Janousek Christopher N. , Buffington Kevin J. , Takekawa John Y. , Thorne Karen M.
Published: November 2023

Understanding the drivers of variability in plant diversity from local to landscape spatial scales is a challenge in ecological systems. Environmental gradients exist at several spatial scales and can be nested hierarchically, influencing patterns of plant diversity in complex ways. As plant community dynamics influence ecosystem function, understanding the drivers of plant community variability across space is paramount for predicting potential shifts in ecosystem function from global change. Determining the scales at which stress gradients influence vegetation composition is crucial to inform management and restoration of tidal marshes for specific functions. Here, we analyzed vegetation community composition in 51 tidal marshes from the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California, USA. We used model-based compositional analysis and rank abundance curves to quantify environmental (elevation/tidal frame position, distance to channel, and channel salinity) and species trait (species form, wetland indicator status, and native status) influences on plant community variability at the marsh site and estuary scales. While environmental impacts on plant diversity varied by species and their relationships to each other, overall impacts increased in strength from marsh to estuary scales. Relative species abundance was important in structuring these tidal marsh communities even with the limited species pools dominated by a few species. Rank abundance curves revealed different community structures by region with higher species evenness at plots higher in the tidal frame and adjacent to freshwater channels. By identifying interactions (species–species, species–environment, and environment–trait) at multiple scales (local, landscape), we begin to understand how variability measurements could be interpreted for conservation and land management decisions.
Reciprocal mutations of lung-tropic AAV capsids lead to improved transduction properties
Authors: Cooney Ashley L. , Brommel Christian M. , Traore Soumba , Newby Gregory A. , Liu David R. , McCray Paul B. , Sinn Patrick L.
Published: November 2023

Considerable effort has been devoted to developing adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors for gene therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF). As a result of directed evolution and capsid shuffling technology, AAV capsids are available with widespread tropism for airway epithelial cells. For example, AAV2.5T and AAV6.2 are two evolved capsids with improved airway epithelial cell transduction properties over their parental serotypes. However, limited research has been focused on identifying their specific cellular tropism. Restoring cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression in surface columnar epithelial cells is necessary for the correction of the CF airway phenotype. Basal cells are a progenitor population of the conducting airways responsible for replenishing surface epithelial cells (including secretory cells and ionocytes), making correction of this cell population vital for a long-lived gene therapy strategy. In this study, we investigate the tropism of AAV capsids for three cell types in primary cultures of well-differentiated human airway epithelial (HAE) cells and primary human airway basal cells. We observed that AAV2.5T transduced surface epithelial cells better than AAV6.2, while AAV6.2 transduced airway basal cells better than AAV2.5T. We also investigated a recently developed capsid, AAV6.2FF, which has two surface tyrosines converted to phenylalanines. Next, we incorporated reciprocal mutations to create AAV capsids with further improved surface and basal cell transduction characteristics. Lastly, we successfully employed a split-intein approach using AAV to deliver an adenine base editor (ABE) to repair the CFTRR553X mutation. Our results suggest that rational incorporation of AAV capsid mutations improves AAV transduction of the airway surface and progenitor cells and may ultimately lead to improved pulmonary function in people with CF.
QTL mapping for seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe and leaf rust in two winter wheat populations
Authors: Kokhmetova Alma , Rathan Nagenahalli Dharmegowda , Sehgal Deepmala , Malysheva Angelina , Kumarbayeva Madina , Nurzhuma Makpal , Bolatbekova Ardak , Krishnappa Gopalareddy , Gultyaeva Elena , Kokhmetova Asia , Keishilov Zhenis , Bakhytuly Kanat
Published: November 2023

The two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations developed by crossing Almaly × Avocet S (206 RILs) and Almaly × Anza (162 RILs) were used to detect the novel genomic regions associated with adult plant resistance (APR) and seedling or all-stage resistance (ASR) to yellow rust (YR) and leaf rust (LR). The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected through multi-year phenotypic evaluations (2018–2020) and using high-throughput DArTseq genotyping technology. RILs exhibited significant genetic variation with p < 0.001, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 9.79% to 47.99% for both LR and YR in all Environments and stages of evaluations. The heritability is quite high and ranged between 0.47 and 0.98. We identified nine stable QTLs for YR APR on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 3D, and 4D and four stable QTLs for LR APR on chromosomes 2B, 3B, 4A, and 5A. Furthermore, in silico analysis revealed that the key putative candidate genes such as cytochrome P450, protein kinase-like domain superfamily, zinc-binding ribosomal protein, SANT/Myb domain, WRKY transcription factor, nucleotide sugar transporter, and NAC domain superfamily were in the QTL regions and probably involved in the regulation of host response toward pathogen infection. The stable QTLs identified in this study are useful for developing rust-resistant varieties through marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Identification of TRDV-TRAJ V domains in human and mouse T-cell receptor repertoires
Authors: Volkmar Michael , Fakhr Elham , Zens Stefan , Bury Alice , Offringa Rienk , Gordon Jessica , Huduti Enes , Wölfel Thomas , Wölfel Catherine
Published: November 2023

Here, we describe the identification of two T-cell receptors (TRs) containing TRDV genes in their TRA chains, the first one in human and the second one in mouse. First, using 5’RACE on a mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell culture (MLTC), we identified TRDV1 5’-untranslated region (UTR) and complete coding sequence rearranged productively to TRAJ24. Single-cell TR RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of the MLTC, conducted to identify additional clonotypes, revealed that the analysis software detected the hybrid TRDV-TRAJ TRA (TRA) chain but excluded it from the final results. In a separate project, we performed TR sequencing of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a murine tumor model. Here, the predominant clonotype contained a TRA chain with a TRDV2-2-TRAJ49 rearrangement. Again, the hybrid TRA chain was not reported in the final results. Transfection of both TR cDNAs resulted in cell surface localization of TR together with CD3, suggesting a productive protein in both cases. Tumor recognition of the Homo sapiens (Homsap) TRDV1-containing TR could be demonstrated by IFN Gamma ELISA ELISpot kit, whereas the Mus musculus (Musmus) TR did not recognize a tumor-derived cell line. To determine whether the TRDV-containing TRA chains we detected were rare events or whether TRDV genes are commonly incorporated into TRA chains, we queried the NCBI Sequence Read Archive for TR single-cell RNA-seq data and analyzed 21 human and 23 murine datasets. We found that especially Homsap TRDV1, Musmus TRDV1, and to some extent Musmus TRDV2-2 are more commonly incorporated into TRA chains than several TRAV genes, making those TRDV genes a relevant contribution to TRA diversity. TRDV-containing TRA chains are currently excluded from the final results of V-(D)-J dataset analyses with the CellRanger software. We provide a work-around to avoid exclusion of those hybrid TRA chains from the final analysis results.
Enhancing anti-tumor immune responses through combination therapies: epigenetic drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Liang Ying , Wang Lingling , Ma Peijun , Ju Dongen , Zhao Minggao , Shi Yun
Published: November 2023

Epigenetic mechanisms are processes that affect gene expression and cellular functions without involving changes in the DNA sequence. This abnormal or unstable expression of genes regulated by epigenetics can trigger cancer and other various diseases. The immune cells involved in anti-tumor responses and the immunogenicity of tumors may also be affected by epigenomic changes. This holds significant implications for the development and application of cancer immunotherapy, epigenetic therapy, and their combined treatments in the fight against cancer. We provide an overview of recent research literature focusing on how epigenomic changes in immune cells influence immune cell behavior and function, as well as the immunogenicity of cancer cells. And the combined utilization of epigenetic medications with immune checkpoint inhibitors that focus on immune checkpoint molecules [e.g., Programmed Death 1 (PD-1), Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4), T cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain (TIM-3), Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3)] present in immune cells and stromal cells associated with tumors. We highlight the potential of small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic regulators to amplify anti-tumor immune responses. Moreover, we discuss how to leverage the intricate relationship between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology to create treatment regimens that integrate epigenetic therapies with immunotherapies.
Soluble PD-L1 changes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Shimizu Takashi , Inoue Eisuke , Ohkuma Ryotaro , Kobayashi Shinichi , Tsunoda Takuya , Wada Satoshi
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Currently, first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, are utilized as monotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with high programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression (≧50%). Pre-treatment or post-treatment serum soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) has been identified as a potential biomarker for assessing ICI efficacy through fixed-point observations. However, existing studies on sPD-L1 changes have produced inconsistent results or have had sample sizes too small to detect clinically meaningful effect sizes. To elucidate the role of sPD-L1, we conducted a collaborative individual patient data meta-analysis of PD-1 inhibitor treatments.

Methods

We conducted a thorough search of articles in PubMed via Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from inception to October 20, 2023. Trials were deemed eligible if they contained individual datasets for advanced NSCLC patients, including data on overall survival (OS)/progression-free survival (PFS), as well as pre- and post-treatment sPD-L1 levels after 3-4 cycles of PD-1 inhibitor treatments. Our analysis focused on patients who completed 3-4 cycles of PD-1 inhibitor treatments. The primary outcome measure was OS/PFS, and we assessed changes in sPD-L1 concentration pre- and post-treatment through ELISA analyses.

Results

From our search, we identified a potential seven trials, encompassing 256 patients. Among these, two trials with 26 patients met the criteria for inclusion in our primary analyses. Over a median follow-up period of 10 months, pooled univariate analysis revealed that increases in sPD-L1 levels during PD-1 inhibitor treatment were not associated with OS (HR = 1.25; CI: 0.52–3.02)/PFS (HR = 1.42; CI: 0.61–3.30) when compared to cases with sPD-L1 decreases. Subgroup analyses indicated that the impact of sPD-L1 changes on overall mortality/progression-related mortality remained consistent regardless of gender, age, or the type of treatment (nivolumab or pembrolizumab).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that changes in sPD-L1 levels during PD-1 inhibitor treatment do not significantly influence the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients, regardless of gender, age, or treatment type. Continuous monitoring of sPD-L1 may not offer significant advantages compared to fixed-point observations.
Sedimentary architecture and evolution of a Quaternary sand-rich submarine fan in the South China Sea
Authors: Liu Entao , Yan Detian , Pei Jianxiang , Lin Xudong , Zhang Junfeng
Published: November 2023

Investigating the sedimentary architecture and evolution of sand-rich submarine fans is vital for comprehending deep-water sedimentary processes and enhancing the success rate of hydrocarbon resource exploration. Recent drilling activities in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea, have unveiled significant gas hydrate and shallow gas potential. However, exploration in this area faces substantial challenges due to the limited understanding of sandy reservoirs. Leveraging extensive newly acquired extensive 3D seismic data (~9000 km2) and well data, our study reveals five distinct deep-water depositional systems in the Quaternary Ledong Formation, including a submarine fan system, mass transport deposits, deepwater channel-levee systems, slope fans, and hemipelagic sediments. Notably, the targeted sand-rich submarine fan lies within the abyssal plain, situated at a water depth of 1300-1700 m. This fan exhibits a unique tongue-shape configuration and a SW-NE flow direction within the plane and spans an expansive area of ~2800 km2 with maximum length and width reaching 140 km and 35 km, respectively. Vertically, the fan comprises five stages of distributary channel-lobe complexes, progressing from Unit 1 to Unit 5. Their distribution ranges steadily increase from Unit 1 to Unit 3, followed by a rapid decrease from Unit 4 to Unit 5. Our results suggest that the occurrence and evolution of the submarine fan are primarily controlled by sea level fluctuation, confined geomorphology, and sediment supply. Specifically, sea level fluctuation and sediment supply influenced the occurrence of the submarine fan. Concurrently, the confined geomorphology in the abyssal plain provided accumulation space for sediments and shaped the fan into its distinct tongue-like form. In contrast to the deepwater channels within the deepwater channel-levee systems, the distributary turbidite channels within the submarine fan are marked by lower erosion depth with “U” shapes, greater channel width, and higher ratios of width to depth. The comparative analysis identifies turbidite channels as the focal points for offshore gas hydrate and shallow gas exploration in the Qiongdongnan Basin. Furthermore, the temporal evolution of submarine fan offers valuable insights into Quaternary deep-water sedimentary processes and hydrocarbon exploration within shallow strata of marginal ocean basins.
Research and prospects of environmental DNA (eDNA) for detection of invasive aquatic species in East Asia
Authors: Wang Linjing , Wan Fanghao , Qian Wanqiang
Published: November 2023

The issue of biological invasions in aquatic ecosystems is becoming increasingly severe in the contemporary world. Due to the lack of monitoring and management systems for aquatic invasive species, the difficulty in identifying aquatic invasive species, and the limited effectiveness of conventional control methods in aquatic environments, biological control in water bodies is comparatively more challenging than other types of interventions. In recent years, environmental DNA (eDNA) survey methods have rapidly developed in various fields, such as biological monitoring, community ecology, paleoenvironmental research, conservation biology, and invasion ecology, due to their unique advantages of being rapid, sensitive, efficient, and non-invasive. Because of these characteristics, this innovative molecular approach has gained wider acceptance and is being increasingly utilized for the detection of biological diversity in aquatic environments. Furthermore, it has emerged as a novel technology to address the pressing and significant issue of aquatic invasive species in the vast freshwater and marine resources of the East Asian region. This paper summarizes a variety of literature sources to summarize the major aquatic invasive species in East Asian countries and the current application status of eDNA technology in their survey processes. Using China as a case study, it expounds on the prospective incorporation of the 4E strategy with eDNA technology for the surveillance of biological invasions. Furthermore, it explores the potential prospects of eDNA technology in species diversity management and policy formulation, offering theoretical guidance for establishing aquatic invasive species monitoring systems. From a technological standpoint, the integration of eDNA technology with the 4E strategy holds significant potential for application, thereby offering a promising reference for the formulation of policies related to the management of aquatic biological invasions and biodiversity.
Treatment preferences of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, France, and Spain: results from a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Thomas Caitlin , Ailawadhi Sikander , Popat Rakesh , Kleinman David , Ross Melissa M. , Gorsh Boris , Mulnick Sarah , O’Neill Alicia , Paka Prani , Hanna Maya , Krucien Nicolas , Molinari Alexa , Gelhorn Heather L. , Perera Sue
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Newer treatment options for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) with efficacy and safety profiles that differ from traditional therapies have facilitated personalized management strategies to optimize patient outcomes. In the context of such personalized management, understanding how treatment characteristics influence patients’ preferences is essential. This study assessed patients’ preferences for RRMM treatment attributes and determined trade-offs between potential benefits, administration procedures, and adverse effects.

Methods

Patients’ preferences were evaluated using a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Patients with RRMM who reported failing two lines of anti-myeloma treatment (immunomodulatory agent and a proteasome inhibitor [PI]) or ≥ 3 lines (including ≥1 PI, immunomodulatory agent, or anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody), were recruited across the US, UK, Italy, Germany, France, and Spain. DCE attributes and levels were identified using a targeted literature review, a review of clinical data for relevant RRMM treatments, qualitative patient interviews, and input from clinical and myeloma patient experts. The DCE was administered within an online survey from February–June 2022. Preference data were analyzed using an error-component logit model and willingness to make trade-offs for potential benefits, and relative attribute importance scores were calculated.

Results

Overall, 296 patients from the US (n = 100), UK (n = 49), Italy (n = 45), Germany (n = 43), France (n = 39), and Spain (n = 20) participated in the DCE. Mean (standard deviation) age was 63.8 (8.0) years, 84% had a caregiver, and patients had a median of 3 (range: 2–8) prior lines of therapy. Efficacy attributes most influenced patients’ preferences, with increasing overall response rate (25–85%) and overall survival (6 months to 2 years) contributing to ~50% of treatment decision-making. Administration procedures were also considered important to patients. Avoiding individual side effects was considered relatively less important, with patients willing to tolerate increases in side effects for gains in efficacy. Patient characteristics such as rate of disease progression, sociodemographics, or clinical characteristics also influenced treatment preferences.

Conclusion

Patients with RRMM were willing to tolerate increased risk of side effects for higher efficacy. Preferences and risk tolerance varied between patients, with preference patterns differing by certain patient characteristics. This highlights the importance of shared decision-making for optimal treatment selection and patient outcomes.
A blended learning approach for teaching thoracic radiology to medical students: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Stoehr Fabian , Yang Yang , Müller Lukas , Gerstenmeier Phyllis , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Dietz Pavel , Weimer Andreas , Ludwig Michael , Kloeckner Roman , Weimer Johannes Matthias
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The best way to impart knowledge to medical students is still unclear. Therefore, we designed a blended learning course in thoracic radiology including both “traditional” in-class time as well as online learning modules. The aims were (1) to investigate students’ attitudes toward this blended learning approach; and (2) to test whether it improved their knowledge about thoracic radiology.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted at the local medical center; 156 fourth-year medical students completed this study. Before and after the course, students had to complete (1) questionnaires to investigate their attitudes (7-point Likert scale); and (2) an objective test to assess their knowledge (multiple-choice/free text questions; results as % of correct answers).

Results

Regarding (1), the course led to an improvement in all items compared to baseline, exemplary: interest in thoracic radiology (precourse 4.2 vs. 5.4 postcourse) and the fulfillment of students’ expressed requirements regarding the teaching content (4.5 precourse vs. 6.2 postcourse). Furthermore, the great majority (88%) of our participants wished for more online learning offerings in the future. Regarding (2), the course led to improved knowledge on the objective test (precourse: 40% vs. postcourse: 63% correct answers).

Conclusion

This feasibility study showed the successful design and implementation of a blended learning approach in thoracic radiology. Furthermore, it revealed medical students’ positive attitudes toward this approach and showed an increased knowledge in thoracic radiology. Thus, such approaches might be used to enrich the teaching armamentarium in medical education and to further enhance interest and knowledge in thoracic diseases among medical students.
The ability of digital breast tomosynthesis to reduce additional examinations in older women
Authors: Gharaibeh Maha , Alfwares Ahmad Abu , Elobeid Eyhab , Khasawneh Ruba , Rousan Liqa , El-Heis Mwaffaq , Al-Jarrah Mooath , Haj Hussein Ahmed A. , Altalhi Maryam , Abualigah Laith
Published: November 2023

Aims

To assess the diagnostic performance of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in older women across varying breast densities and to compare its effectiveness for cancer detection with 2D mammography and ultrasound (U/S) for different breast density categories. Furthermore, our study aimed to predict the potential reduction in unnecessary additional examinations among older women due to DBT.

Methods

This study encompassed a cohort of 224 older women. Each participant underwent both 2D mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis examinations. Supplementary views were conducted when necessary, including spot compression and magnification, ultrasound, and recommended biopsies. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated for 2D mammography, DBT, and ultrasound. The impact of DBT on diminishing the need for supplementary imaging procedures was predicted through binary logistic regression.

Results

In dense breast tissue, DBT exhibited notably heightened sensitivity and NPV for lesion detection compared to non-dense breasts (61.9% vs. 49.3%, p < 0.001) and (72.9% vs. 67.9%, p < 0.001), respectively. However, the AUC value of DBT in dense breasts was lower compared with non-dense breasts (0.425 vs. 0.670). Regarding the ability to detect calcifications, DBT demonstrated significantly improved sensitivity and NPV in dense breasts compared to non-dense breasts (100% vs. 99.2%, p < 0.001) and (100% vs. 94.7%, p < 0.001), respectively. On the other hand, the AUC value of DBT was slightly lower in dense breasts compared with non-dense (0.682 vs. 0.711). Regarding lesion detection for all cases between imaging examinations, the highest sensitivity was observed in 2D mammography (91.7%, p < 0.001), followed by DBT (83.7%, p < 0.001), and then ultrasound (60.6%, p < 0.001). In dense breasts, sensitivity for lesion detection was highest in 2D mammography (92.9%, p < 0.001), followed by ultrasound (76.2%, p < 0.001), and the last one was DBT. In non-dense breasts, sensitivities were 91% (p < 0.001) for 2D mammography, 50.7% (p < 0.001) for ultrasound, and 49.3% (p < 0.001) for DBT. In terms of calcification detection, DBT displayed significantly superior sensitivity compared to 2D mammography in both dense and non-dense breasts (100% vs. 91.4%, p < 0.001) and (99.2% vs. 78.5%, p < 0.001), respectively. However, the logistic regression model did not identify any statistically significant relationship (p > 0.05) between DBT and the four dependent variables.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that among older women, DBT does not significantly decrease the requirement for further medical examinations.
Acute lung injury caused by sepsis: how does it happen?
Authors: Sun Baisheng , Lei Mingxing , Zhang Jiaqi , Kang Hongjun , Liu Hui , Zhou Feihu
Published: November 2023

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disease caused by severe infections that involves multiple systemic organs, among which the lung is the most susceptible, leaving patients highly vulnerable to acute lung injury (ALI). Refractory hypoxemia and respiratory distress are classic clinical symptoms of ALI caused by sepsis, which has a mortality rate of 40%. Despite the extensive research on the mechanisms of ALI caused by sepsis, the exact pathological process is not fully understood. This article reviews the research advances in the pathogenesis of ALI caused by sepsis by focusing on the treatment regimens adopted in clinical practice for the corresponding molecular mechanisms. This review can not only contribute to theories on the pathogenesis of ALI caused by sepsis, but also recommend new treatment strategies for related injuries.
Quorum sensing: cell-to-cell communication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Li Linbo , Pan Yuru , Zhang Shishuang , Yang Tianyou , Li Zhigang , Wang Baoshi , Sun Haiyan , Zhang Mingxia , Li Xu
Published: November 2023

Quorum sensing (QS) is one of the most well-studied cell-to-cell communication mechanisms in microorganisms. This intercellular communication process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae began to attract more and more attention for researchers since 2006, and phenylethanol, tryptophol, and tyrosol have been proven to be the main quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) of S. cerevisiae. In this paper, the research history and hotspots of QS in S. cerevisiae are reviewed, in particular, the QS system of S. cerevisiae is introduced from the aspects of regulation mechanism of QSMs synthesis, influencing factors of QSMs production, and response mechanism of QSMs. Finally, the employment of QS in adaptation to stress, fermentation products increasing, and food preservation in S. cerevisiae was reviewed. This review will be useful for investigating the microbial interactions of S. cerevisiae, will be helpful for the fermentation process in which yeast participates, and will provide an important reference for future research on S. cerevisiae QS.
A toolbox of machine learning software to support microbiome analysis
Authors: Marcos-Zambrano Laura Judith , López-Molina Víctor Manuel , Bakir-Gungor Burcu , Frohme Marcus , Karaduzovic-Hadziabdic Kanita , Klammsteiner Thomas , Ibrahimi Eliana , Lahti Leo , Loncar-Turukalo Tatjana , Dhamo Xhilda , Simeon Andrea , Nechyporenko Alina , Pio Gianvito , Przymus Piotr , Sampri Alexia , Trajkovik Vladimir , Lacruz-Pleguezuelos Blanca , Aasmets Oliver , Araujo Ricardo , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Aydemir Önder , Berland Magali , Calle M. Luz , Ceci Michelangelo , Duman Hatice , Gündoğdu Aycan , Havulinna Aki S. , Kaka Bra Kardokh Hama Najib , Kalluci Eglantina , Karav Sercan , Lode Daniel , Lopes Marta B. , May Patrick , Nap Bram , Nedyalkova Miroslava , Paciência Inês , Pasic Lejla , Pujolassos Meritxell , Shigdel Rajesh , Susín Antonio , Thiele Ines , Truică Ciprian-Octavian , Wilmes Paul , Yilmaz Ercument , Yousef Malik , Claesson Marcus Joakim , Truu Jaak , Carrillo de Santa Pau Enrique
Published: November 2023

The human microbiome has become an area of intense research due to its potential impact on human health. However, the analysis and interpretation of this data have proven to be challenging due to its complexity and high dimensionality. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can process vast amounts of data to uncover informative patterns and relationships within the data, even with limited prior knowledge. Therefore, there has been a rapid growth in the development of software specifically designed for the analysis and interpretation of microbiome data using ML techniques. These software incorporate a wide range of ML algorithms for clustering, classification, regression, or feature selection, to identify microbial patterns and relationships within the data and generate predictive models. This rapid development with a constant need for new developments and integration of new features require efforts into compile, catalog and classify these tools to create infrastructures and services with easy, transparent, and trustable standards. Here we review the state-of-the-art for ML tools applied in human microbiome studies, performed as part of the COST Action ML4Microbiome activities. This scoping review focuses on ML based software and framework resources currently available for the analysis of microbiome data in humans. The aim is to support microbiologists and biomedical scientists to go deeper into specialized resources that integrate ML techniques and facilitate future benchmarking to create standards for the analysis of microbiome data. The software resources are organized based on the type of analysis they were developed for and the ML techniques they implement. A description of each software with examples of usage is provided including comments about pitfalls and lacks in the usage of software based on ML methods in relation to microbiome data that need to be considered by developers and users. This review represents an extensive compilation to date, offering valuable insights and guidance for researchers interested in leveraging ML approaches for microbiome analysis.
Isolation and characterization of phage ISTP3 for bio-control application against drug-resistant Salmonella
Authors: Islam Md. Sharifull , Nime Ishatur , Pan Fan , Wang Xiaohong
Published: November 2023

Salmonella including drug-resistant strains are major foodborne pathogens causing serious illness and pose a great threat to the prevention and control for food safety. Phages can naturally defect the bacterium, is considered as a new and promising biological antimicrobial agent in the post-antibiotic era. A poultry facility in Wuhan, China provided wastewater samples from which a collection of 29 phages were isolated and purified. A broad host spectrum phage ISTP3, which capable of infecting all tested Salmonella, including drug-resistant Salmonella enterica, were examined. Additionally, the effectiveness of this phage ISTP3 in reducing drug-resistant S. enterica was assessed in diverse food samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and whole genome sequencing demonstrated that ISTP3 was found to belong to family Ackermannviridae. The one-step growth experiment and assays of stability demonstrated that ISTP3 exhibited short periods of inactivity before replicating, produced a significant number of viral progeny during infection, and remained high stable under varying pH and temperature conditions. We evaluated the efficacy of phage ISTP3 against drug-resistant Salmonella on chicken breast and lettuce samples at different temperatures. When applying phage ISTP3 in food matrices, the drug resistant Salmonella count significantly reduced at 4°C and 25°C at an MOI of 100 or 1,000 within a timescale of 12 h. Overall, the results, such as broad host ranges, strictly lytic lifestyles, absence of lysogenic related genes, toxin genes, or virulence genes in the genome, demonstrate that the application of phage ISTP3 as a biocontrol agent has promising potential for preventing and controlling drug-resistant S. typhimurium in the context of food safety, processing, and production.
Effect of host shift on the gut microbes of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Tian Zhenya , Chen Lixiang , Chen Guangmei , Wang Jingjing , Ma Chao , Zhang Yan , Gao Xuyuan , Chen Hongsong , Zhou Zhongshi
Published: November 2023

Background

Gut microbes play an important role in the adaptation of insects. Polyphagous insects usually undergo changes in gut microbiota after host shift. The Bactrocera cucurbitae have a wide range of hosts, but the dynamic of gut microorganisms during host shift have not been thoroughly investigated. To understand the role of gut microbes in insect adaptation, it is necessary to study the dynamics of insect gut microorganisms during host transfer.

Methods

Using Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its four hosts as study subjects, we investigated the dynamics of gut microbes during host transfer and the effects of different hosts on the gut microbial composition of B. cucurbitae.

Results

The results showed that the Chao1 index of B. cucurbitae decreased significantly during host transfer, and the intestinal microorganisms were significantly affected by the original host, host, and generations. Furthermore, predicated changes in the abundance of secondary metabolite pathways after host transfer suggested that microorganisms may play an important role in the degradation of secondary metabolites, among which Providencia and Morganella have important functions in the gut of B. cucurbitae.

Conclusion

This implied that microorganisms play a function in the host transfer process of B. cucurbitae and may be an important cofactor in the adaptation of B. cucurbitae to different hosts and environments, providing new research ideas for the future control of B. cucurbitae.
Comparison of the effects of rumen-protected and unprotected L-leucine on fermentation parameters, bacterial composition, and amino acids metabolism in in vitro rumen batch cultures
Authors: An Jishan , Shen Weijun , Liu Hu , Yang Chen , Chen Kemeng , Yuan Qiongwen , Li Zhiqing , Xiao Dingfu , Wang Zuo , Lan Xinyi , Liu Lei , Wan Fachun
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted to compare the effects of rumen-protected (RP-Leu) and unprotected L-leucine (RU-Leu) on the fermentation parameters, bacterial composition, and amino acid metabolism in vitro rumen batch incubation. The 5.00 g RP-Leu or RU-Leu products were incubated in situ in the rumen of four beef cattle (Bos taurus) and removed after 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 16, and 24 h to determine the rumen protection rate. In in vitro incubation, both RP-Leu and RU-Leu were supplemented 1.5 mmol/bottle (L-leucine HCl), and incubated after 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 h to measure gas production (GP), nutrient degradability, fermentation parameters, bacterial composition, and amino acids metabolism. Results from both in vitro and in situ experiments confirmed that the rumen protection rate was greater (p < 0.01) in RP-Leu than in RU-Leu, whereas the latter was slow (p < 0.05) degraded within incubation 8 h. Free leucine from RP-Leu and RU-Leu reached a peak at incubation 6 h (p < 0.01). RU-Leu supplementation increased (p < 0.05) gas production, microbial crude protein, branched-chain AAs, propionate and branched-chain VFAs concentrations, and Shannon and Sobs index in comparison to the control and RP-Leu supplementation. RU-Leu and RP-Leu supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, which Firmicutes increased (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that there are 5 bacteria at the genus level that may be positively correlated with MCP and propionate (p < 0.05). Based on the result, we found that RP-Leu was more stable than RU-Leu in rumen fluid, but RU-Leu also does not exhibit rapid degradation by ruminal microbes for a short time. The RU-Leu was more beneficial in terms of regulating rumen fermentation pattern, microbial crude protein synthesis, and branched-chain VFAs production than RP-Leu in vitro rumen conditions.