bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT FOR RAPID RESPONSE: THE CENTRAL ITALY 2016 M6 EVENT
Authors: Petrovic Bojana , Scaini Chiara , Parolai Stefano
Published: May 2023

In case of a seismic event, building damage is one of the causes of casualties. For this reason, the rapid estimation of expected structural damage in near-real time is of greatest importance to improve and support rapid response life-saving actions of emergency managers. Within this framework, we have developed the Damage Assessment for Rapid Response method that allows us to estimate the expected damage by using earthquake recordings in real or near-real time, and the knowledge of the fundamental frequency and the damping of the building. We simulate the linear dynamic behavior of buildings in a first order approximation as single-degree-of-freedom oscillators. We are not interested in a precise reconstruction of the dynamic behavior including the non-linear one, but in the exceeding of the relative displacement of predefined damage thresholds. The relative displacement at the top of the buildings is compared with damage thresholds defined in literature for different building typologies to assess the expected damage. The method can be applied to single buildings or building typologies in target areas using earthquake recordings of sensors installed at the basement or on the soil. In this study, we show the estimation of the expected damage for the dominant building typologies (low to mid-rise unreinforced masonry and low to high-rise reinforced concrete buildings) for four selected target areas (Amatrice, Norcia, Sulmona and Visso) for the M6 August 24 event of the Central Italy 2016-2017 seismic sequence. The considered towns are located at diverse epicentral distances and are characterized by different building typologies for which varying damage patterns have been observed. The fundamental frequencies are estimated using specific building-soil period-height relationships obtained from empirical measurements. The expected damage is compared with the observed one for the dominant building typologies and is in accordance with it for most of the considered building typologies in the four target areas.
THE BUILDING CODE SIA 269/8 FOR A RISK-BASED SEISMIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND RETROFIT OF STRUCTURES IN SWITZERLAND
Authors: Duvernay Blaise
Published: May 2023

This contribution presents the central concepts of the swiss building code SIA 269/8 [1] for the verification of the seismic safety of existing structures. The first central concept of SIA 269/8 is the compliance factor. It indicates the degree of compliance of an existing structure in comparison with the requirements for new structures. The second central concept is the recommendation of measures based on the value of the compliance factor. If the seismic safety of an existing structure lies below a minimum threshold value of the compliance factor, retrofitting is mandatory to reach this minimum threshold whatever the costs. If the compliance factor is smaller than 1.0 and higher or equal to the minimum compliance factor, only efficient measures, with a risk reduction greater than the costs, have to be implemented. The third central concept of SIA 269/8 is the evaluation of the commensurability of measures through the explicit computation of their efficiency. The risk reduction is computed using a set of standardized curves linking the compliance factor with different risk unit values. The efficiency is computed as the ratio between the risk reduction in Swiss francs (CHF) per year and the annualized cost of measures. For the computation of the risk reduction for human life, a value of statistical life of 10 million Swiss francs is used. This elegant and relatively simple framework allows to focus retrofit measures for constructions with an unacceptable risk level as well as for constructions for which commensurate retrofit measures can be found. It has been widely applied in Switzerland since 2004 and is well accepted in practice.
HARMONIZED REGIONAL RISK EXPOSURE MODEL OF BASIC SERVICES AND TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OF CBR BETWEEN N.MACEDONIA, GREECE AND ALBANIA
Authors: Sheshov Vlatko , Apostolska Roberta , Vitanova Marija , Jekic Goran , Zlateski Aleksandar , Salic Radmila , Stefanoski Stevko , Baballëku Markel , Shkodrani Neritan , Pitilakis Dimitris , Pedritis Christos
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the improvement of disaster and emergency management through building a harmonized and efficient system for risk assessment of structures in the cross-border region (CBR) has become increasingly popular. Harmonization of the risk exposure model for cross border regions is first and most important step for assessment of risk in the region. Different countries, even neighboring ones, have different frameworks in which buildings for basic services and transport infrastructures are designed, built and maintained. Hence, they involve different institutions and employ different ways of gathering information on existing structures within their networks. Each of them may use different methods and systems for keeping records on their assets. Therefore, there is no readily available inventory which covers the entire stock of bridges and buildings for basic services in any of the CRISIS adjacent partner countries. The harmonized regional risk exposure model is result of the activities carried out within one of the working packages of two-year EU-funded project CRISIS (Comprehensive RISk assessment of basic services and transport InfraStructure). In this paper harmonized regional risk exposure model for the basic services (schools and hospitals) and transport infrastructure (bridges) is shown. Herein presented are the realized activities that enabled developing a harmonized cross-border regional risk exposure model, which encompasses all relevant assets related to the basic services and transport infrastructure. A regional exposure database has been created based on contemporary practice and research compatible with the GEM Exposure Database (https://storage.globalquakemodel.org/what/physical-integrated-risk/exposure-database/). This database is specific enough to conduct numerical analysis and develop or select proper vulnerability functions.
TESTING OF MODELS OF ORIGINAL AND UPGRADED CONNECTION BETWEEN RC FLOOR-BEAM AND COLUMN USED IN MODERN PRECAST HALL SYSTEM
Authors: Misini Labeat , Ristic Jelena , Hristovski Viktor , Ristic Danilo
Published: May 2023

The design and construction of modern, globally upgraded and seismically safe industrial hall systems (SSIH Systems) is currently viewed as an activity of extraordinary importance since these structures most frequently house new advanced and robotically conceptualized industrial machines and equipment, whose value multiply exceeds the value of the integral structures. The SSIH systems are of vital importance because it is only by their practical application that efficient and continuous functioning of important production industrial systems and compounds is provided. The achieved safety margins, the actual seismic performances and the present limitations of the used pin-based floor-beam column connections of the existing precast N-system were integrally confirmed by the original results obtained from the conducted experimental tests of the constructed connection prototype models. The precast N-system is commonly used for intensive construction of large industrial structures in different regions and countries, including areas of Europe and wider characterized by high seismicity. The initial results obtained from the laboratory test of the constructed large-scale prototype model representing a common floor-beam column (CFBC) connection confirmed the actual bearing capacity of the connection, the damage propagation pattern and the specific total failure mode. To investigate possible upgrading of the connection safety, a specific supplementary test was performed using the created and constructed new experimental model, representing an upgraded floor-beam column (UFBC) connection by application of an improved concrete confinement and use of larger diameters of steel connection pins (dowels). The main conclusion regarding the safety increase was that such common upgrading concept of pin-based connections could not be considered as a basic adequate approach since it was able to provide only limited upgrading effects. The existing need for creation of a new, advanced, experimentally proved and effective innovative upgrading method was clearly pointed out.
SEISMIC PROTECTION OF MASONRY AND INFILLED FRAME BUILDINGS USING UPGRADED SLIDING ISOLATION SYSTEM WITH SF DEVICES
Authors: Ristic Jelena , Veseli Valon , Misini Labeat , Ristic Danilo
Published: May 2023

Presented in this paper is an innovative, uniform seismic protection system of masonry and infilled frame buildings created on the basis of a specifically upgraded sliding isolation system with new SF devices. The new building sliding-space flange protection system (BSSF system) represents a specific research segment of the integral research project, led by the fourth author, conducted in the Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), Ss. Cyril and Methodius University (Skopje), during three and a half years, in the frames of the innovative NATO Science for Peace and Security Project “Seismic Upgrading of Bridges in South-East Europe by Innovative Technologies (SFP: 983828)”, involving five European countries. The upgraded, seismically isolated sliding system with integrated space flange (SF) energy dissipation (ED) devices has been developed as a mechanical passive concept to provide harmonized response of building structures to strong earthquakes. It is formulated as an adaptive system, which follows the adopted concept of global optimization of seismic energy balance, through utilization of newly designed dissipation devices as a supplementary damping level to the building isolation. The new BSSF protection system is based on obligatory incorporation of the following three integrated complementary systems: (1) Sliding seismic isolation (SSI) system, (2) SF seismic energy dissipation (ED) system and (3) Earthquake displacement limiting (EDL) system. The proposed seismically resistant BSSF building system represents a qualitatively new strategy for construction of modern masonry and framed masonry buildings by applying traditional and new construction materials and providing simultaneously: (1) Full seismic safety of protected buildings, (2) Reduction of construction time, and (3) Profitable construction in seismic areas achieved by the special system characteristics.
STUDY OF SIMULTANEOUS INTER-STOREY DRIFT IP AND OOP LOADS ON RC FRAMES WITH AND WITHOUT INFILL WALLS AND OPENINGS BY A VARIATING ANGLE
Authors: Anić Filip , Penava Davorin , Sarhosis Vasilis , Abrahamczyk Lars
Published: May 2023

Within the literature, no examples of equations were found that account for out-of-plane inter-storey drift force resistance, nor any that tested RC frames under them. Moreover, no studies were even done that combined in-plane forces. Consequently, this paper presents an equation development for estimating the resistance of RC frames containing infill walls with and without openings subjected to simultaneous IP and OoP loading. The equations were derived from data obtained from 3D high fidelity finite-element micromodels calibrated against a series of small- and large-scale experimental tests. An estimation of resistance is done by obtaining a coefficient based on the opening area and the angle of the resultant in-plane and out-of-plane load and multiplying it with the in-plane load-bearing capacity of a bare frame. The derived equation showed a good correlation with the computational data.
GEOTECHNICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF COVER-COLLAPSE SINKHOLE AREA FOLLOWING PETRINJA 2020 EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Tomac Ingrid , Kovačević Zelić Biljana , Perić Dunja , Domitrović Dubravko , Štambuk Cvitanović Nataša , Vučenović Helena , Parlov Jelena , Stipčević Josip , Matešić Darko , Matoš Bojan , Vlahović Igor
Published: May 2023

This paper shows an overview of extensive geotechnical and geological investigation of soils around cover-collapse sinkholes that appeared in a constrained area around Mečenčani and Borojevići villages following the 2020–2021 Petrinja earthquake sequence. A total of 122 new and 49 pre-existing historical sinkholes were recorded, mapped, and classified during the geological and geotechnical reconnaissance fieldwork. Many sinkholes collapsed within an area of only 1.13 km2, a relatively rare phenomenon associated with earthquakes, thus motivating soil investigations to better understand associated failure mechanisms and underlying conditions. This paper shows an overview of triaxial test data in synergy with soil water retention curves of unsaturated soils detected in the area, along with results of standard physical soil tests. The soil in the area consists of a 4–15 m thick clayey cover with sporadic gravel lenses. Clays are mostly over-consolidated, with varying degrees of saturation ranging from very small to fully saturated. Underneath are intensely karstified Miocene carbonate rocks. Seasonal and climate-change-induced variations in the groundwater table interact with the artesian/subartesian karst aquifer, thus affecting the suction and the shear strength. In addition, soil water retention curves indicate that desaturation is possible for deeper groundwater table levels and can further affect effective stress, shear strength, and interparticle tensile forces. Collapsed sinkholes have predominately vertical walls, indicating brittle failure of a cohesive cover with varying degrees of saturation. Based on the specific geomechanical properties of soils, this paper offers several hypotheses of failure mechanisms based on the synergy of earthquake-induced dynamic loading and hydro-mechanical interactions of unsaturated soil layers and pore pressure dynamics between two interconnected aquifers.
GEOPHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF BEDROCK DEPTH AT THE LARGE SINKHOLE IN THE 2020 PETRINJA EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Ntambakwa Eric , Salković Ivan , Tomac Ingrid
Published: May 2023

This paper shows the results of bedrock depth analysis around the largest cover-collapse sinkhole that occurred during the 2020-2021 Petrinja earthquake sequence. Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) data was collected by the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) team after the Mw 6.4 December 2020 Petrinja earthquake in Croatia. In addition, the GEER team collected other data to assess the damage and geologic conditions, including two geotechnical boreholes with field and laboratory data and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) profiles. Out of 61 HVSR readings performed during reconnaissance, 15 are around the largest sinkhole, S001, about 25 m wide and 12 m deep, with vertical walls and groundwater. The soil in the area consists of a clayey cover that is 4.0 m to 10.0 m thick, with sporadic gravel lenses. Clays are mostly over-consolidated, with varying degrees of saturation with intensely karstified carbonate rocks underneath. The HVSR data was analyzed using the HVSRweb platform and associated Python-based modules incorporating various statistical assessment models include single azimuth, multiple-azimuth, and geometric mean. The geometric mean results based on resampling frequencies between 3 Hz and 10 Hz indicate karst depths between 12.0 m and 18.0 m, which is generally consistent with the bedrock assumed from the sinkhole depth. Furthermore, an evaluation of the spatial variability of the resonance frequencies and the corresponding depth estimates assesses the presence and orientation of karstic features around S001. Based on the assessed data, HVSR measurements appear to be a helpful tool for evaluating variations in subsurface impedance contrasts and can be used to augment geotechnical data and other geophysical measurement techniques due to the relative ease of deployment and rapid data acquisition.
BEHAVIOR OF WELDED BOLT SHEAR CONNECTORS SUBJECTED TO REVERSED CYCLIC LOADING
Authors: Perez Marines , Bermudez Carlos Alberto , Perea Tiziano
Published: May 2023

Conventional bolts fillet-welded to steel and embedded in concrete have been a common method of force transfer between steel and concrete materials in composite construction in some Latin American countries. Welded bolt shear connectors have been used in both low-rise and mid-rise constructions replacing headed steel stud shear connectors. Whereas the installation of headed studs requires the use of a special high voltage equipment, welded bolts can be welded with fillet welds using shielded metal arc welding process more economically. Welded bolt shear connectors are also used in lateral load resisting composite systems. Natural cyclic loads from earthquakes cause connectors to be subjected to alternating shear forces. For this reason, the cyclic behavior of shear connectors is particularly important in these systems. In this study, a series of experimental tests on composite push-out specimens with welded bolt shear connectors were performed to investigate the behavior of shear connectors subjected to fully reversed cyclic loading. Of specific interest was the behavior under low-cycle fatigue. Results show up to 57 % reduction in connector shear capacity under reversed cyclic loading compared to static capacity.
NONLINEAR SEISMIC ASSESSMENT OF COUPLED WALLS DESIGNED IN ACCORDANCE WITH EUROCODE 8
Authors: Mrdak Ivan , Rakočević Marina
Published: May 2023

Experience from previous earthquakes have shown that wall structural systems experience less damage during earthquake compared to frame systems. Wall systems for functional and architectural reasons frequently have openings (windows, doors, elevators, esc.). Wall systems with regularly distributed openings represent efficient system for resisting earthquake loads. Coupling beams connecting the walls, if designed and detailed properly, increase seismic resistance of the building by distribution of inelastic deformations both vertically and in plan. Eurocode 8 introduced set of rules for design and detailing of coupled walls and coupling beams. In order to access performance of coupled walls and beams designed in accordance with EC8, linear and nonlinear analysis of 11 story building was performed. Linear elastic modelling was done using software for linear analysis. The walls and coupling beams were designed and detailed in accordance with the provisions of Eurocode 8, part 1. Nonlinear model and assessment of inelastic response was conducted using Perform 3d CSI software for nonlinear analysis. For the modelling of coupled walls, wall section with fibers is used. The confined constitutive relationship is used for concrete edge elements, and unconfined relationship for concrete for the rest part. The reinforcement constitutive model was defined with bi-linear curve. Coupling beams are modelled using frame elements with shear hinge elements. Deformation capacities of elements was defined in accordance with EC8 provisions. Considering that EC8 doesn’t provide provisions for deformation capacities of diagonally reinforced coupling beams, deformation capacities for these elements is defined in accordance with the provisions of ASCE 41-06 standard. Static nonlinear analysis is performed in accordance with EC8 provisions and deformation capacities of wall elements and coupling beams checked in accordance with the provisions EC8 part 1 and part 3, where applicable. Characteristic results are presented on the end of paper, with conclusions and recommendations.
THE CASE STUDY OF PRINCE RUDOLF INFANTRY BARRACKS - ASSESSMENT, MODELLING AND RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Čačić Šipoš Boja , Ivanišević Nataša , Klasić Mija , Lulić Luka , Matorić Ivan , Stepinac Mislav
Published: May 2023

The procedure of a detailed condition assessment of the building under heritage protection in Zagreb is presented. A detailed historical background of the case study building is shown, and observed damage and conducted in situ tests are discussed. The nonlinear static seismic analysis performed in the 3Muri software is extensively elaborated. Four different levels of reconstruction according to new Croatian law are briefly presented. Additionally, several strengthening scenarios are proposed with various strengthening techniques. The renovation of the case study building is presented through extensive photo documentation. The problems in renovations of culturally protected buildings in a specific case study are raised.
SEISMIC AND ENERGY UPGRADING OF EXISTING RC BUILDING
Authors: Zidar Margareta , Skokandić Dominik , Vajdić Matija , Ožić Karlo , Stepinac Mislav
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the preliminary results of the project called Establishment of the national training centre for nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB). The project is funded by EEA Grants (Energy and Climate Change Programme). Seismic condition assessment and upgrading of existing RC structures are presented with a case study building in Zagreb. New technologies were applied and followed by numerical modeling and verifications. A strategy for energy retrofitting will be presented. As the integrated approach should be respected in the renovation of existing buildings, this case study can represent an example of good practice in seismic and energy retrofitting.
RETROFITTING OF SACRAL BUILDINGS AFTER THE RECENT EARTHQUAKES IN CROATIA
Authors: Anđić David , Baniček Maja , Horvat Tamara , Doračić Borna , Pojatina Juraj , Stepinac Mislav , Baričević Ana
Published: May 2023

After the Petrinja earthquake in December 2020, 442 individual immovable cultural assets were damaged, including 124 cultural heritage buildings that suffered severe structural damage. The largest number of damaged cultural heritage assets concern sacral buildings, mainly churches and chapels. In this paper, a brief overview of the damage to several sacral buildings after the earthquakes in Croatia is presented. The failure mechanism and typical damages are presented graphically. In addition, special emphasis is placed on the complete retrofitting of a damaged church. The condition assessment, numerical modelling and full seismic retrofit of the selected church is shown.
PETRINJA EARTHQUAKE AFTERSHOCKS – LOCATIONS, FOCAL MECHANISMS AND RELATED COULOMB STRESS CHANGE
Authors: Herak Marijan , Herak Davorka
Published: May 2023

Almost 14000 aftershocks have been located in the first six month after the Mw 6.4 Petrinja earthquake of 29 December 2020. Most epicentres lie close to the NW–SE striking right-lateral causative fault, but considerable activity has been recorded in the surrounding area up to about 50 km away. The hypocentres reach depths of over 20 km, with most of activity recorded between the depths of 5 and 16 km. Their spatial pattern reveals activation of a number of smaller faults. The 75 focal mechanism solutions computed using the first motion polarities read from the seismograms of the local and regional seismic networks, indicate that about half of the aftershocks exceeding magnitude M = 3.0 occurred on strike-slip faults, while the large majority of the remaining ones were due to almost pure reverse dip-slip faulting. Analyses of the Coulomb stress change on optimally oriented strike-slip and dip-slip faults following the mainshock rupture, reveals that a large majority of aftershocks occurred in the volumes characterised by the Coulomb static stress increase, whereas the areas where the effective stress decreased remained mostly quiet. The distribution and preferred strike directions of strike-slip and reverse faulting inferred by the Coulomb stress transfer analyses are also in good agreement with individual focal mechanisms.
Experimental Investigation of EN-31 Steel Using VMC
Authors: Mathur Harsh , Bhardwaj Harsh , Kumar Prajapat Himanshu , Goel Aniket , Pant Piyush , S. Bharti Pushpendra
Published: May 2023

This research paper presents an experimental investigation using the Vertical Machining Centre (VMC) for machining the EN31 material. The study looks at how different input factors, including feed, speed, and cut depth, affect the output factors, like the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). The Taguchi method is used as the optimization technique to identify the optimal combination of input parameters that lead to maximum MRR and minimum SR. The objective of the study is to establish the relationship between input and output parameters and to offer a workable strategy for machining process optimization. The study's findings will advance our understanding of EN31 material machining with VMCs and have real-world implications for the machining sector.
Proximate principles and dry matter digestibility of fodder maize and sugargraze in response to potassium management
Authors: MAHANTA R K , MEENA R K , KUMAR RAKESH , RAM HARDEV , SINGH M , BHAKAR A , KUMAR D , BHATTACHARJEE S
Published: May 2023

The study was carried out to evaluate the forage quality of maize and sugargraze as influenced by different potassium management practices. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design in which two fodder crops, viz. maize and sugargraze, were taken as the main plot, and different potassium management regimes were taken as a subplot. Results revealed that the quality parameters of sugargraze and fodder maize crops, viz. Dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash content, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, and acid detergent lignin were significantly influenced favourably by potassium management. Comparing the quality parameters, remarkably highest CP (9.70%), total ash content (9.87%) as well as potassium uptake (230 kg/ha) were obtained with 50 kg K2O + KSB + 2% KNO3 foliar spray; however, higher ether extract (1.73%) was recorded in 50 kg K2O + KSB + 2% K2SO4 foliar spray. The fibre fractions, viz. NDF (66.1%), ADF (35.4%) and ADL (4.70%) recorded considerably lower values with 25 kg K2O + KSB + 2% KNO3 foliar spray over control. The higher values of TDN (59.3%), DMD (63.6 g/kg), RFV (94.7%) and DMI (1.92 g/kg) were recorded in fodder maize over sugargraze with an application of 25 kg K2O + KSB + 2% KNO3 foliar spray. Therefore, considering all the studied parameters, it can be concluded that getting higher quality green biomass production of fodder maize and sugargraze with the application of 25 kg K2O + KSB + 2% KNO3 would be a more feasible agro-practice.
Flood Modeling on the Dadap River and Estuary, Banten Province
Authors: Agus Stiawan Yogi , Bagus Adityawan Mohammad , Prasetyo Adi
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Dadap River is located in Kosambi, Tanggerang, which often experiences flooding in the estuary. The problem of flooding is caused by the lack of rivers capacity and estuaries caused by sedimentation and tidal conditions. The flooding caused damage to city infrastructure and paralyzed the activities of the affected residents. The Dadap River was normalized in 2012 to overcome the flooding problems. This study aims to determine the capacity of rivers and estuaries as an alternative solution for flood management. Simulations were carried out in conditions before and after normalization and with alternative embankment elevations. Flood modeling using the HEC-RAS 1D unsteady flow. Boundary conditions in the upstream using flood discharge with a 50 and 100 yr return period and downstream using HHWL elevation and wave height. The analysis results show that the capacity of the Dadap River before normalization was not able to accommodate flood discharge at the 50 and 100 yr return period. After normalization, the water surface elevation may decrease by 24-29%. However, there is still flooding downstream due to the tides, so raising the embankment elevation of +3.5 m.

Keywords: Dadap river, estuary, flood, normalization, HEC-RAS

Abtsrak

Kali Dadap sering mengalami banjir di bagian muara. Kali Dadap terletak di Kecamatan Kosambi, Kabupaten Tanggerang. Permasalahan banjir di Kali Dadap disebabkan oleh berkurangnya kapasitas sungai dan muara yang disebabkan oleh sedimentasi dan pengaruh oleh kondisi pasang pasang surut. Banjir yang terjadi menyebabkan rusaknya prasarana kota serta melumpuhkan aktivitas warga yang terdampak. Kali Dadap telah dilakukan normalisasi pada tahun 2012 untuk mengatasi permalahan banjir yang terjadi. Tujuan dari studi ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kapasitas kali dan muara Dadap serta sebagai alternatif solusi penanganan banjir. Simulasi pemodelan banjir dilakukan pada kondisi sebelum dan sesudah dinormalisasi serta dengan alternatif peninggian tanggul. Pemodelan banjir dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi HEC-RAS 1D aliran unsteady. Pemodelan akan dilakukan dengan kondisi batas di bagian hulu menggunakan debit banjir dengan kala ulang 50 dan 100 tahun dan di bagian hilir menggunakan elevasi HHWL dan tinggi gelombang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas Kali Dadap sebelum di normalisasi tidak mampu mengalirkan debit banjir kala ulang 50 dan 100 tahun. Setelah dilakukan normalisasi pada Kali Dadap, elevasi muka air dapat menurun sekitar 24 -29% tetapi masih terjadi banjir pada bagian hilir akibat pasang surut sehingga perlu adanya peninggian elevasi tanggul yaitu +3.5 m.

Kata Kunci: Kali Dadap, muara Dadap, banjir, normalisasi, HEC-RAS
In vitro antioxidant capacity and phytochemical characterization of Eryngium kotschyi Boiss.
Authors: Paşayeva Leyla , Şafak Esra Köngül , Arıgün Tunahan , Fatullayev Hanifa , Tugay Osman
Published: May 2023

Context: Eryngium kotschyi is one of the species of Eryngium genus and was endemic to Turkey. It was known, that traditionally uses of this plant in the South-Western part of Turkey for the treatment of various diseases. Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant capacities of methanol extract and ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water sub-extracts as well as to determine the phytochemical composition and to quantify the major antioxidant compounds in the active sub-extract. Methods: Besides the total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid compounds, the antioxidant capacity of E. kotschyi was evaluated by DPPH●, ABTS+● and FRAP methods and qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemical constituents in active sub-extract by LC-MS/MS. Results: The highest total phenolic (173.710 ± 1.088 mg gallic acid equivalent/gextract) and total flavonoid content (86.978 ± 0.650 mg catechin equivalent/gextract) was found in ethyl acetate sub-extract of E. kotschyi (EKE) and this sub-extract showed the highest antioxidant capacity on DPPH● (IC50 = 0.264 ± 0.040 mg/mL), ABTS+● (at a concentration of 0.125 mg/mL equivalent to 0.497 µM Trolox) and FRAP (at a concentration of 1 mg/mL equivalent to 1476 ± 5.292 mmol Fe2+) tests. Preliminary examination of the mass spectrums revealed the presence of 24 phytochemical compounds in this sub-extract and 7 of them was quantified. According to quantitative analyses the main compounds of EKE sub-extract were rosmarinic acid (490.820 ± 0.703 µg/mgextract), chlorogenic acid (80.405 ± 0.170 µg/mgextract), isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside (72.280 ± 0.33 µg/mgextract), rutin (63.020 ± 0.052 µg/mgextract) and caffeic acid (55.153 ± 0.523 µg/mgextract). Conclusions: The data suggest that EKE possess utilizable antioxidant properties in vitro. The antioxidant capacity of this sub-extract could be due to high content of phenolic and flavonoid contents.
Child Marriage and Its Impacts on the Education of Girls in the Rural Gambia: Focus on Niani District
Authors: Barrow Abdou , Bah Yahya Muhammed , Sanneh Mbassi
Published: May 2023

Twenty-one percent of young women married before the age of eighteen. Approximately 650 million girls and women are married before their 18th birthday (UNICEF, 2020, 2021). States member of the United Nations, through its Sustainable Development Goals, has committed to ending child marriage globally through laws, legislation, and other means. Though the practice of child marriage is declining globally, it remains prevalent in Africa and Asia, particularly in the Gambia. This study looks at the impact of child marriage on girls' education in rural Gambia and the factors that encourage it. The researchers conducted qualitative case study research through documentation, Focus Group discussion (FGD), observation, and interviews to collect data. The study's findings indicate that child marriage has negative impacts on girls' education in rural Gambia. This reveals the fact that the percentage of girls enrolled in schools, especially high school, is lower than boys. Girls also face more difficulties than boys to complete, retain and transit to secondary or higher education. This leaves them with no future and excludes them from social or economic advantages. The factors that encourage child marriage are included: religion, poverty, culture, lack of meaningful opportunity, older men's desire for younger women to marry, and the failure of law enforcement. These factors mentioned repeatedly perpetuate the practice of child marriage, and undermine the educational opportunities for the majority of girls in the Niani district of Gambia. Therefore, the researchers recommend that the Gambian government enforce the existing laws and regulations to protect children’s fundamental rights and put into practice the necessary regulations on the prohibition and elimination of this phenomenon.
Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Chitinase Produced by Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from Soil Samples
Authors: Gupta Annika Durve , Khanna Shivani Kakkar , Gupta Pooja
Published: May 2023

Chitin is one of the most common biopolymers found in both marine and terrestrial habitats. Chitinase enzyme has gained popularity due to its diverse biotechnological applications, particularly in agriculture for the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi and harmful insects. In this work bacteria producing chitinase enzyme were isolated from soil and water samples. Three bacterial isolates C2, C3, and C4 were found to be Gram-negative coccobacilli while bacterial isolate C9 was found to be Gram-positive cocci. The optimum pH and temperature for all the isolates were studied. The effect of pH, temperature, substrate variation, and incubation period on enzyme activity was studied. The activity of the chitinase enzyme for all the bacterial isolates increased with an increase in temperature up to 37°C.  However, a further rise in reaction temperature caused a loss of chitinase activity. Michaelis-Menten plot and Line weaver Burk plot were constructed to calculate the Km and Vmax values. Partial Purification of the chitinase enzyme was carried out and the enzyme activity, protein content, specific activity, and purification fold were estimated.  It was observed that the enzyme activity of the crude sample was less than the fractionated sample. The highest enzyme activity was found to be at a 40% fraction. Of the four isolates, C2 was the best in its enzyme activity. The future prospect is the production of chitinases at an industrial scale for various biotechnological applications. Chitinase-producing isolates have the ability to produce chitinase between temperatures 22ºC and 40ºC which is the field temperature for the cultivation of most the crop, so it may be applicable to field conditions against plant pathogenic fungi which is the major problem for agricultural food production. The management of seafood waste businesses may potentially benefit from the usage of this enzyme.
Tracking Sleep: The Impact of Wearable Devices and Sleep Apps on Sleep Health – A Mini Review
Authors: Travis Satnarine
Published: May 2023

Technology, specifically wearable devices and sleeptracking apps can help individuals monitor and improvetheir sleeping habits. These devices use sensors totrack parameters such as onset of sleep, duration, andnumber of nighttime awakenings. While there arelimitations to the current technology, such asinaccuracies and reliance on user reporting, futureadvancements can lead to more accurate andpersonalized tracking, as well as integration with otherhealthcare devices. Overall, wearable sleep devices andapplications have the potential to significantly improvesleep quality
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GRUP INVESTIGASI MATA PELAJARAN IPS DI SMP SWASTA NUR ILMI SELAMA MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Nurjannah Annisa , Harahap Idris , Nasution Nurul Anisa , Sahlan Sahlan
Published: May 2023

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan keefektifan dari model pembelajaran group investigasi selama masa pandemi. Group Investigasi membantu siswa untuk melakukan investigasi terhadap suatu topik secara sistematis dan analitik. Pemahaman secara mendalam terhadap suatu topik yang dilakukan melaui investigasi. Group Investigasi melatih siswa untuk bekaerja secara kooperatif dalam memecahkan suatu masalah. Dengan adanya kegiatan tersebut, siswa dibekali keterampilan hidup (life skill) yang berharga dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat serta dampaknya bagi siswa dan guru. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian studi kelas, dimana metode ini terdiri  dari empat tahapan, yakni (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengamatan, dan (4) refleksi. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan analisis konten dan studi kasus sehingga  memudahkan penulis menyaring ide pokok dari berbagai sumber yang ada dan hasil lapangan untuk dinarasikan ke dalam fokus kajian. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa diantara sebelum dan selama pandemic keefektifan model pembelajaran  group investigasi meningkat cukup tajam.
VARIASI GAYA BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI KELAS V SD
Authors: Angkat Nurul Azizah , Novianti Sella , Ramadani Winanda
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan latar belakang dari siswa yang lambat ketika belajar dan  peserta didik yang lemah dalam mengingat dan lemah dalam memahami pelajaran yang disampaikan oleh pendidik ketika kegiatan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia berlangsung, dan juga dikarenakan oleh siswa yang kurang aktif dalam belajar dan tidak menyelesaikan tugasnya dengan baik. Berdasarkan hal-hal diatas, maka dapat diambil rumusan masalah dalam peneltian ini ialah bagaimana gaya atau cara belajar yang digunakan oleh peserta didik ketika melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada kelas 5 SD. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk dapat mengetahui cara belajar peserta didik  yang berbeda-beda dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar. Penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yaitu penelitian lapangan (field research). Serta guru dan siswa kelas 5 akan menjadi subjek dari penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian yang penulis temui dari analisis data wawancara dengan siswa di kelas 5 ialah bahwa mereka lebih dominan menggunakan gaya belajar visual. Yang menjadi penyebabnya dikarenakan ada banyak siswa yang lebih menyukai belajar dengan melihat gurunya menyampaikan materi di depan kelas dan ketika berada di dalam kelas mereka lebih suka membaca yang di dalam buku bacaannya disertai dengan gambar yang berkaitan dengan bacaan ataupun materi dari pembelajaran yang mereka lakukan.
Conocimiento feminista: entre producción, reproducción y «habitaciones propias»
Authors: Méndez Pérez Lourdes
Published: May 2023

Para pensar sobre la producción de conocimiento feminista hay que retener los mecanismos reproductivos que han hecho posible que, en la Universidad, se materialicen unas habitaciones propias en las que interactúan parte de quienes producen y transmiten conocimiento sobre un controvertido sujeto de estudio ―la mujer, las mujeres, el género― habitualmente adjudicado a las investigadoras feministas. Este articulo ahonda en una problemática que remite al dualismo producción/reproducción, y a las relaciones de poder ―entre hombres y mujeres, y entre mujeres― tal y como se materializan en el campo de actividad académico.
Producción, reproducción y esfera pública: las que limpian
Authors: Martínez Suárez Yolanda
Published: May 2023

Este artículo tiene por objeto reflexionar sobre la articulación de la producción y la reproducción desde un plano normativo, a partir del movimiento de las que limpian. Para ello se analizará la lucha de las Kellys siguiendo la conceptualización de «luchas de frontera» de Nancy Fraser. Se examinarán las estrategias de invisibilización del trabajo de infraestructura del cuidado y su articulación entre lo público y lo privado, dando cuenta de sus contradicciones. Para concluir, poniendo el foco en el proceso de visibilización de este colectivo, señalando las consecuencias sociopolíticas de su emergencia como sujeto político.
En torno a la distinción sexo-género en Judith Butler: impasses de una ruptura
Authors: González Hincapié Viviana
Published: May 2023

La distinción sexo-género, introducida en la teorización feminista de los años setenta, habría puesto de manifiesto la pertinencia de distinguir entre el sexo y las representaciones socio-culturales e identitarias en las que aquel encontraría su despliegue. De la mano de Judith Butler, la teoría queer parece haber llevado esta distinción hasta el extremo, al sostener que existiría una discontinuidad radical entre los cuerpos sexuados y los géneros culturalmente construidos, y proponer una concepción performativa del género, que pondría de relieve el papel central del sujeto en la configuración de su propia identidad. Sujeto que, sin embargo, ya no sería reconocido como mujer o como hombre, pues toda categoría referente a la distinción entre los sexos o entre los géneros binarios (masculino-femenino) habría sido cuestionada de forma radical. A partir de una aproximación a la distinción inicial sexo-género en el marco del debate feminista y de sus antecedentes, el objeto de este trabajo es indagar cómo se plantea esta distinción en una de las obras emblemáticas y pioneras de la filósofa norteamericana Judith Butler ―Gender Trouble―, a fin de abrir algunas líneas de discusión en torno a las aportaciones y limitaciones que habría traído consigo un discurso que nos confronta con la pregunta fundamental por la configuración de la identidad sexual y de género de la persona.
feminismo como un proyecto antihumanista y el problema del sujeto
Authors: García Fernández Román
Published: May 2023

Se analiza el feminismo como una nueva concepción de la idea de hombre. El feminismo se presenta como un movimiento alternativo que pretende superar el sesgo antropocéntrico de la filosofía y la cultura Occidental. Para comprobar esta posición de partida, se analizada el feminismo desde dos variables, la idea de sujeto y las ideas de hombre de Max Scheler. Desde la primera perspectiva se aplica una matriz fenoménico-materialista para clasificar los distintos feminismos y analizar en qué casos podría construir un sujeto universal. Desde la segunda se analiza y clasifica el feminismo como un proyecto posthumanista o transhumanista, incluido en la idea pesimista de hombre.
الأمن القضائي وعكس الإجتهاد في القضاء الإداري
Authors: راضي مازن
Published: May 2023

هناك ارتباط بين الامن القانوني والامن القضائي؛ إذ غالباً ما يضاف إلى الأمن القانوني، فيقال الأمن القانونيّ والقضائيّ من أجل الوصول إلى أمرين هما اقتران مبدأ الأمن القانونيّ بالأمن القضائيّ، وإبراز الطابع القضائيّ على تطبيق القانون وحماية الحقوق والحريات، فالأمن القضائيّ إذا يعكس الثقة في المؤسسة القضائيّة، والاطمئنان إلى ما ينتج عنها. وموضوع البحث يثير اشكالات عدة، منها ما يتعلق بمدى شعور الخصوم بالأمن والثقة بان منازعتهم التي ينظر إليها من جهة قضائية ومدى تمتعها بالمعايير اللازمة والتي تمكنهم من الحصول على محاكمة عادلة، ومن متممات ذلك ان تكون أحكام القضاء ومبادئه المستقرة المؤثرة في مراكزهم القانونية لن تعكس بصورة مباغتة تتنافى مع توقعاتهم.

 إذ إن عكس الاجتهاد القضائي المستقر يعرض الامن القضائي للخطر، سيما وانه وبحكم ان موضوعه ينصرف إلى تفسير حكم القانون، يسري باثر رجعي ويحكم الاوضاع القانونية السابقة. للإلمام بجوانب الموضوع سنقسم الدراسة على مبحثين نخصص الأول منها للبحث في التعريف بالأمن القضائي وعكس الاجتهاد، اما المبحث الثاني فنكرسه للتطرق إلى موقف القضاء الإداري وقضاء المحكمة الأوروبية من عكس الاجتهاد.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA DALAM MEMAHAMI KONSEP HUBUNGAN ANTARA STRUKTUR ORGAN TUBUH MANUSIA DENGAN FUNGSI DAN PEMELIHARAANNYA
Authors: Kusmiati Ety , Kusnadi Dede , Latipah Latipah
Published: May 2023

Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, guru memelukan metode pembelajaran yang tepat untuk keberhasilan proses kegiatan belajar mengajar. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan adalah model pembelajaran problem based learning. Model problem based learning adalah rangkaian kegiatan pembelajaran yang menekankan pada pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah, artinya siswa dituntut untuk dapat berfikir secara kritis dan analisis untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah yang ditemukan dalam kehidupan nyata. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencoba dan mencari solusi atau titik temu dalam memecahkan masalah yang ada di dalam kelas (siswa). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dikelas IV SDN SRIJAYA III Kecamatan Tirtajaya Kabupaten Karawang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran problem based learning ternyata memberikan dampak yang baik kepada hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa mengalami perbaikan dari pra siklus, ke-1, dan ke-2. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil observasi pada nilai pra siklus yaitu dengan rata-rata 48 hanya 6 orang siswa (27 %) yang telah mencapai KKM dengan nilai tertinggi 74. Siklus I mengalami peningkatan rata-rata menjadi 71 dengan sebanyak 16 siswa atau 73 % dinyatakan telah mencapai KKM. Dan pada siklus ke-2 juga mengalami peningkatan yaitu dengan rata-rata 76 dengan 85 % siswa telah mencapai KKM.
PERAN KONSELOR DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN POTENSI PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Ulfah Ulfah , Arifudin Opan
Published: May 2023

Pada umumnya praktek layanan bimbingan dan konseling belum sesuai dengan tujuan yang diharapkan. Pada umumnya leyanan bimbingan dan konseling lebih fokus pada penanganan permasalahan disiplin atau pelanggaran tata tertib dan prestasi belajar siswa yang rendah. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran konselor dalam mengembangkan potensi peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kelemahan praktek layanan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah karena layanan bimbingan dan konseling lebih fokus pada penanganan permasalahan disiplin atau pelanggaran tata tertib dan prestasi belajar siswa yang rendah. Pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling perlu dilakukan oleh tenaga ahli yang profesional. Profesional berarti suatu jabatan yang tidak bisa dilakukan oleh sembarang orang yang tidak terlatih dan tidak dipersiapkan secara khusus untuk melakukan pekerjaan itu. Keahlian diperoleh melalui apa yang disebut profesionalisasi, yang dilakukan baik baik sebelum orang menjalani profesi itu maupun setelah atau menengah menjalani sesuatu profesi.
MODERATING EFFECT OF LEVERAGE ON THE VALUE RELEVANCE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION IN THE NIGERIAN LISTED OIL AND GAS FIRMS
Authors: Abubakar Aliyu , Shuaibu Muhammad Yusuf , Magaji Adamu
Published: May 2023

The study investigates the moderating effect of leverage on the value relevance of accountinginformation in the Nigerian listed oil and gas firms. The study used correlational research designand the data was extracted from the published annual financial reports of the firms for theindependent variables and the moderator. On the other hand, the data for the dependent variable(share prices) was collected from Nigerian stock exchange website. A sample size of 6 firms wereused for a period of eight years (2011-2018). The data was analysed using multiple regressionanalysis. Findings from the analysis showed that earnings per share, and leverage to be valuerelevant. Additionally, book value per share moderated with leverage was value relevant in additionto earnings per share moderated with leverage as well. Based on the findings, the study recommendsthat listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria should strategize to improve their earnings, Moreover, theyshould also find way of managing their book value, as any unnecessary investment means negativeeffect on share price. Additionally, listed oil and gas firms should maintain an appropriate level ofleverage so that the cheap cost of leverage will reduce the weighted average cost of capital andsubsequently increase value to investors. Finally, the explanatory power of the moderated variablesare more than the ones not moderated.