bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEMETRA A MOZIA: EVIDENZE DALL’AREA SACRA DEL KOTHON NEL V SECOLO A.C.
Authors: Spagnoli Federica
Published: May 2021

During the seasons of excavation 2010-2011 carried out by «La Sapienza» Expedition to Motya, several pits were identified near the southern corner of the Kothon. Two of them have been used for cult activities during the 5th century BC, as attested to by botanical and faunal samples, votive offerings and sacred tools found inside them. Such evidence suggests that a chthonic cult devoted to a divine couple connected to underground water, to the fertility and to the cycles of nature was performed in the sacred area of the Kothon (Nigro 2012a). The main god has been identified with Baal ‘Addir (Poseidon) and his companion can be now identified with Demetra, assimilated to the Phoenician goddess Astarte.
A presumed Lazarus coral: outstanding regeneration capacity of a Goniopora coral exposed to air over several months
Authors: Tilstra Arjen , Hoeksema Bert W , Wild Christian
Published: May 2021

Prolonged aerial exposure can be detrimental for coral health. Here, we present an observation of a scleractinian corals' outstanding regeneration after exposure to air for several months. This observation may lead to new ways to investigate the regenerative capacity of reef-building corals.
Magnitude of Second Wave of Covid-19 in India
Authors: Patel Prakash
Published: May 2021

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Some Preliminary Considerations for a Métis-Catalan Comparison
Authors: White Gerald Stephen
Published: May 2021

This paper argues for the value of a comparison of the Métis national movement with the Catalan national movement.  It pays special attention to the matter of federalism (especially the writings of Harry Daniels and the recent court rulings about Catalonia's status and bid for independence), of small communities that have been "carved out" (especially the Métis Settlements of Alberta and the microstate of Andorra) and the existence of communities that cross borders (especially the Turtle Mountain Reservation in North Dakota and the Catalan communities of France).
Over-qualification in the Workforce: Do Indigenous Women and Men Benefit Equally from High Levels of Education?
Authors: Park Jungwee
Published: May 2021

Using data from the 2016 Census, this study examined the level of education–job mismatch (over-qualification, in particular) in the Canadian labour market among Indigenous women workers aged 25 to 64 who received post-secondary education. Their rate of over-qualification was compared with that of Indigenous men as well as non-Indigenous workers. In doing so, this study aimed to shed some light on the effect of post-secondary education on labour market outcomes by investigating whether Indigenous men and women benefit equally from their post-secondary education. Compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts and Indigenous men, Indigenous women workers with university-level education (bachelor’s degree or higher) were less likely to be over-qualified. Conversely, Indigenous women workers with post-secondary education lower than university level were more likely than non-Indigenous women and Indigenous men to be over-qualified. This pattern persisted after sociodemographic factors were controlled for. The results suggest that, among those with a post-secondary education, higher levels of education were especially advantageous to Indigenous women.
Rewriting the American Culturescape
Authors: Vlad Florian Andrei
Published: May 2021

The title of this book features a concept, culturescape, which is obviously derived from a major attempt at grasping the defining characteristics of what Arjun Appadurai calls the combined effect of two distinct processes in the shaping of an increasingly global cultural economy. The title of Appadurai’s essay, featuring in his seminal work, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, brings the two processes together: “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy.” In order to capture the bewildering complexity of these “disjunctive” and “differential” cultural processes, Appadurai develops his theory of the interaction of the five types of cultural flows, seen not as entities in dichotomic, oppositional relations, but as flows linked to perspectives or vistas, as a sort of perspectival landscapes, hence their names
Ghid pentru invatarea sociologiei in liceu si pregatirea examenului de Bacalaureat
Authors: Popescu Gabriela , Iordan Marieta , Horvat Adrian-Gabriel
Published: May 2021

Prezenta lucrare se adreseaza in egala masura atat elevilor de la profilul uman care studiaza sociologia in liceu, cat si profesorilor care predau aceasta disciplina. Conținutul ghidului respecta cu fidelitate programele de studiu si de bacalaureat, fiind un instrument util in pregatirea elevilor din clasa a XI-a, dar si a celor din clasa a XII-a care opteaza pentru susținerea probei scrise la alegere la disciplina sociologie. Lucrarea este structurata in trei parți. Partea I cuprinde reperele teoretice prevazute de programele de studiu si de bacalaureat, acestea fiind insoțite de un numar generos de exerciții si activitați de invațare recomandate. In partea a II-a se afla rezolvarea integrala a subiectului model de bacalaureat propus pentru anul 2020, precum si 20 de teste de bacalaureat insoțite de indrumari de rezolvare si bareme de evaluare. Partea a III-a este formata dintr-o lista alfabetica de termeni sociologici (un mini-dicționar), care ajuta la completarea reperelor teoretice si la extinderea posibilitații ințelegerii de catre elevi a fenomenelor si proceselor sociale.
Mining Experts from Source Code Analysis: An Empirical Evaluation
Authors: Oliveira Johnatan Alves , Viggiato Markos , Pinheiro Denis , Figueiredo Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Modern software development increasingly depends on third-­party libraries to boost productivity and quality. This development is complex and requires specialists with knowledge in several technologies, such as the nowadays libraries. Such complexity turns it extremely challenging to deliver quality software, given the pressure. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify and hire qualified developers, to obtain a good team, both in open source and proprietary systems. For these reasons, enterprise and open source projects try to build teams composed of highly skilled developers in specific libraries. However, their identification may not be trivial. Despite this fact, we still lack procedures to assess developers skills in widely popular libraries. In this paper, we first argue that source code activities can identify software developers’ hard skills, such as library expertise. We then evaluate a mining­-based strategy to reduce the search space to identify library experts. To achieve our goal, we selected the 9 most popular Java libraries and 6 libraries for microservices (i.e., 15 libraries in total). We assessed the skills of more than 1.5 million developers in these libraries by analyzing their commits in more than 17 K Java projects on GitHub. We evaluated the results by applying two surveys with 158 developers. First, with 137 library expert candidates, they observed 63% precision for popular Java libraries’ used strategy. Second, we observe a precision of at least 71% for 21 library experts in microservices. These low precision values suggest space for further improvements in the evaluated strategy.
Software industry awareness on sustainable software engineering: a Brazilian perspective
Authors: Karita Leila , Mourão Brunna Caroline , Martins Luana Almeida , Soares Larissa Rocha , Machado Ivan
Published: May 2021

Sustainable computing is a rapidly growing research area spanning several areas of computer science. In the software engineering field, the topic has received increasing attention in recent years, with several studies addressing a range of concerns. However, few studies have demonstrated the awareness of software practitioners about the underlying concepts of sustainability in the software development practice. In this effect, this study aims to provide some evidence regarding the practitioners’ perception about the adoption of sustainability in software development, under four main perspectives: economic, social, environmental, and technical. In previous work, we carried out a preliminary survey study with twenty-five software engineers who work in a range of domains. The yielded results indicate an overall lack of knowledge about the topic, in particular, related to concepts about sustainable software. In this study, we extend the survey and reached a number of ninety-seven respondents. The novel results confirmed the evidence raised in the original survey that sustainability in the context of software is a new subject for software practitioners. However, professionals have shown interest in it. There is a general understanding that sustainability should be treated as a quality attribute. Among the observed perspectives, we generated an initial theory, which shows that software practitioners know the subject around ‘Green in Software’, even unconsciously. This study contributes to the green and sustainable software engineering field by bringing evidence on comprehending how the software industry understands the adoption of sustainability in the software development process.
An Empirical Study of Bugs in COVID-19 Software Projects
Authors: Rahman Akond Ashfaque Ur , Farhana Effat
Published: May 2021

The dire consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have influenced development of COVID-19 software i.e., software used for analysis and mitigation of COVID-19. Bugs in COVID-19 software can be consequential, as COVID-19 software projects can impact public health policy and user data privacy. The goal of this paper is to help practitioners and researchers improve the quality of COVID-19 software through an empirical study of open source software projects related to COVID-19. We use 129 open source COVID-19 software projects hosted on GitHub to conduct our empirical study. Next, we apply qualitative analysis on 550 bug reports from the collected projects to identify bug categories.  We identify 8 bug categories, which include data bugs i.e., bugs that occur during mining and storage of COVID-19 data. The identified bug categories appear for 7 categories of software projects including (i) projects that use statistical modeling to perform predictions related to COVID-19, and (ii) medical equipment software that are used to design and implement medical equipment, such as ventilators. Based on our findings, we advocate for robust statistical model construction through better synergies between data science practitioners and public health experts. Existence of security bugs in user tracking software necessitates development of tools that will detect data privacy violations and security weaknesses.
The Adsorption Performance of MoS2 Nano-rod by Combined with Graphene Oxide for Cr(VI) Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: ZHOU Jing , SI Chongdian , GAO Hongtao
Published: May 2021

The rod-like nano-MoS2/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite was fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method, which was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, respectively. It was used as adsorbent to remove heavy metal contaminate, such as Cr(VI), from aqueous solution. The investigations on adsorption kinetics and isotherms showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model could well fit the experimental data. The adsorption rate was controlled by both exterior and interior surface diffusion steps. Further investigations on the activation energy and thermodynamics of the adsorption process elucidated that the Cr(VI) adsorption on MoS2/GO was an endothermic and spontaneous chemi-sorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity was 43.95 mg·g-1 and the adsorption efficiency of Cr(VI) was enhanced significantly with the coexistence of organic contamination. After recycling five times, the decline of adsorption capacity of MoS2/GO wasno more than 8.0 %, which indicated that the adsorbents could be reused in Cr(VI) removal practically. The MoS2/GO nanocomposite has been proved to be a low-cost, efficient and promising adsorbent used for heavy metal ions removal from wastewater.
Adsorption of Azo Dye on Magnetically Separable Fe3O4/CeO2 Nanocomposite: Kinetics, Isotherm, Mechanism
Authors: AN Zhihao , ZHANG Wenwen , MA Jingying , ZENG Ke , YUAN Ming , CHEN Donghui
Published: May 2021

In this study, magnetically separable Fe3O4/CeO2 nanocomposite (F/CNc) was first synthesized in hydrothermal and sol-precipitation methods and characterized by techniques including SEM-EDS, XRD, BET, FT-IR and VSM. The adsorption experiments of acid black dye (AB210) onto F/CNc were carried out under the conditions of temperature (30 – 60 ℃), solution pH (1 – 11), Fe-Ce molar ratio (1:2.5 – 4) and initial dye concentrations (20 – 80 mg/L). The adsorption capacity of AB210 increased with increasing initial dye concentration and temperature, and decreased with increasing solution pH. The maximum adsorption capacity of F/CNc for AB210 reached 124.5 mg/g when Fe-Ce molar ratio was 1:3. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were then used to describe the kinetics of adsorption, of which the latter fitted the adsorption process well, and the adsorption process complied also with the intra-particle diffusion model. The isothermal adsorption was described using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models and the Langmuir model matched. FT-IR and Zeta-potential measurement proved the physical adsorption process of AB210 onto F/CNc. The saturation magnetizations of Fe3O4 nanospheres and F/CNc were measured to be 69.1 emu/g and 22.9 emu/g respectively, indicating the coating layer reduced the magnetization of Fe3O4 nanospheres, but F/CNc were still separated easily by applying a magnetic field, keeping easy separability. Being easy to recover and remaining adsorption efficiency 90 % in comparison to the original even after four adsorption cycles, demonstrate the effectiveness and practical application of F/CNc as an adsorbent.
Production and Properties of Native Potato Starch-Coated Urea
Authors: PALECKIENĖ Rasa
Published: May 2021

This work is dedicated to researching the possibilities of using starch coating for slow-release fertilizers. Urea was used as nitrogen containing component, because it is the most suitable for the production of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers and has the highest concentration of nitrogen – 46.6 %. During the studies, native potato starch film was prepared and its stability was evaluated, subsequently, urea was coated with starch film/coating and the influence on properties of fertilizer granules (hygroscopicity and strength) was evaluated. Single and/or multiple layered films were formed during the coating process and the influence of coating thickness on urea solubility was researched. It was found that the mechanical properties of urea with double coating change quite insignificantly while coating reduces the solubility of urea by more than 20 %.
Nationale und internationale Gemeinschaftsfilmproduktionen im deutschen und internationalen Ertragssteuerrecht
Authors: Schön Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Gemeinschaftsproduktionen gehören zu den prägenden Elementen des Filmgeschäfts. Die nationale und internationale Kooperation von Filmherstellern bündelt Ressourcen, diversifiziert Risiken und schafft einen kulturellen Mehrwert, den das Recht der Filmförderung anerkennt. In der Praxis des Steuerrechts zeigen sich demgegenüber Tendenzen, jede einzelne Gemeinschaftsproduktion als eigenständige gewerbliche Mitunternehmerschaft zu qualifizieren - mit der Folge, dass die Verrechnungsfähigkeit von Verlusten zwischen den einzelnen Filmprojekten dramatisch beschränkt wird und auch international steuerliche Verwerfungen eintreten. Der nachfolgende Beitrag beleuchtet das Geschäftsmodell der Gemeinschaftsproduktion aus der Sicht des Einkommensteuer- und Gewerbesteuerrechts und stellt klar, dass - verfassungsrechtlich und steuerrechtlich - die unternehmerische Tätigkeit der Filmproduktion den Herstellern als solche zuzurechnen ist und kein Anlass besteht, für Koproduktionen ein Sonderrecht zu konstruieren
Intermediärsregulierung: Quo Vadis NetzDG & Co?
Authors: Heldt Amélie P.
Published: May 2021

Das Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz (i.F. NetzDG) war von Beginn an ein umstrittenes Gesetzesvorhaben, in- und außerhalb Deutschlands, und löste einen „Tsunami der politischen und wissenschaftlichen Empörung“1 aus. Dieses Gesetz steht für das Dilemma des Gesetzgebers zwischen der Verantwortung, mehr gegen Hasskriminalität im Internet zu unternehmen, und der verfassungsrechtlichen Pflicht, nur mit geeigneten Mitteln und soweit erforderlich in die Kommunikationsfreiheiten einzugreifen. Deutschland gilt in Sachen Intermediärsregulierung wegen des NetzDG als Vorreiter, aber auch als disputables Beispiel, weil dadurch die Einschätzung über „offensichtlich rechtswidrige Inhalte“ den sozialen Netzwerken überlassen wird. Mehrere Ereignisse seit dessen Inkrafttreten laden dazu ein, sich über den aktuellen Stand und mögliche Zukunftsszenarien der Intermediärsregulierung auszutauschen (I.). Vor diesem Hintergrund widmet sich der Beitrag der Frage, zu welchen Erkenntnissen man knapp zwei Jahre nach dem Inkrafttreten des NetzDG gelangt (II.). Obwohl man die Bilanz nicht durchweg positiv bezeichnen kann und das Gesetz weiterhin relativ umstritten ist, hat es sich zum Maßstab für die Rechtsprechung und für andere Gesetzgeber entwickelt (III.). In Anbetracht der Entwicklungen auf EU-Ebene stellt sich die Frage, welche Relevanz das NetzDG und ähnliche Gesetze haben werden (IV.).
A busca schopenhaueriana das identidades fundamentais: a influência platônica
Authors: Damasceno Francisco William Mendes
Published: May 2021

Apesar da declaração, por parte do próprio Schopenhauer, de que a sua noção de Ideia deve ser entendida no mesmo sentido da Ideia platônica, estas não são idênticas, e apesar da declarada pretensão de filiação filosófica, é preciso ter em mente as divergências entre essas concepções para bem compreender a noção schopenhaueriana de filosofia como metafísica. Do mesmo modo que Schopenhauer se pretende kantiano mas transforma radicalmente a filosofia transcendental de Kant, o mesmo ocorre com a Ideia platônica na composição da metafísica da Vontade. Dentre as várias influências, as filosofias de Platão e de Kant, são o principal material a partir do qual Schopenhauer constrói sua filosofia metafísica. O objetivo do presente artigo, portanto, é mostrar como Schopenhauer, por meio da fusão de certos aspectos das filosofias de Platão e Kant, pensa solucionar as contradições inerentes à teoria platônica das Ideias como identidades puras e, deste modo, manter a noção de Ideia dos diálogos metafísicos enquanto identidades que sustentam a possibilidade de uma epistemologia no sentido do discurso racional científico-filosófico e das consequências que daí advém.
Validación de una plataforma de evaluación formativa de la competencia digital docente en tiempos de Covid-19
Authors: Viñoles-Cosentino Virginia , Esteve-Mon Francesc M. , Llopis-Nebot María Ángeles , Adell-Segura Jordi
Published: May 2021

La progresiva incorporación de las tecnologías digitales en la educación superior ha puesto de manifiesto la necesaria competencia digital docente (CDD). Una competencia que no solo implica conocimientos técnicos, sino también pedagógicos y de empoderamiento del estudiante. En la última década, algunas universidades han revisado sus planes de digitalización o transformación digital, alineando sus estrategias y políticas formativas en el desarrollo de esta competencia, algo que todavía se ha vuelto más necesario, si cabe, durante la crisis sanitaria derivada de la Covid-19. El presente artículo, que se enmarca en un proyecto de investigación basado en el diseño de una plataforma de autoevaluación y formación en CDD, profundiza de manera cualitativa en la valoración del profesorado acerca de esta competencia, en la utilidad de esta plataforma de evaluación y formación, y en la percepción sobre el efecto de la pandemia en este ámbito. Las entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad de docentes universitarios, gestores universitarios y técnicos en tecnología educativa (n=15), fuente principal de información, permiten profundizar en el análisis de la CDD y generar una serie de principios de diseño útiles para el desarrollo de este tipo de plataformas y para el diseño de estrategias y políticas de formación digital del profesorado.
Rendimiento académico y deserción de estudiantes universitarios de un curso en modalidad virtual y presencial
Authors: Gonzales Lopez Eduardo Fabio , Evaristo Chiyong Inés
Published: May 2021

La crisis sanitaria ha generado una rápida expansión de la virtualidad en la educación superior; incluso se espera que ésta mantenga una fuerte presencia, una vez superada la pandemia. Sin embargo, en Perú existe una profunda desconfianza y percepción negativa respecto de esta modalidad, por lo que se hace necesario realizar estudios que corroboren lo que en otros países ha sido encontrado: que no deberían existir diferencias en el rendimiento académico a partir de cualquier modalidad. No obstante, se ha encontrado una mayor tasa de deserción en cursos virtuales, cuando se comparan con cursos presenciales, siendo las explicaciones a este fenómeno, diversas. Teniendo todo esto en consideración, el presente trabajo busca determinar el efecto de un curso en modalidad virtual en el rendimiento académico y deserción de grupo de estudiantes universitarios de una universidad privada, en comparación con un grupo de estudiantes bajo la modalidad presencial. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un diseño cuasiexperimental con posprueba.Los resultados respecto de cada una de las evaluaciones son variados; sin embargo, al considerar el promedio final, no se observan diferencias estadísticas significativas; de la misma manera, no se observaron diferencias respecto de la deserción, teniendo en cuenta que ésta fue pequeña en ambos grupos. Los resultados se encuentran en la misma línea de aquellos que indican que la modalidad en sí misma no es un factor determinante en ambas variables, sino que dependen de otros aspectos como es el caso de la labor del docente como acompañante.
¿Podemos fiarnos de la evaluación en los sistemas de educación a distancia y digitales?
Authors: García Aretio Lorenzo
Published: May 2021

Se prueba que la evaluación es una variable esencial en todo proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se enfatiza la necesidad de diseñar una evaluación integrada en el proceso formativo, sistemáti­ca y continua­da, que, además de la preceptiva evaluación sumativa y final, nos permita, mediante una evaluación formativa, orientar el aprendizaje y juzgar alterna­tivas previas a la toma de decisiones. Y estas destacadas características son válidas tanto en procesos educativos presenciales como en aquellos soportados en tecnologías digitales. Tanto en un caso como en el otro, se refuerza la relevancia y necesidad de la información de retorno al estudiante, feedback, de calidad, como un respaldo permanente a la reconducción hacia la mejora. Respecto a estas modalidades no presenciales, se justifican las variantes más habituales de tipologías de evaluación existentes, la autoevaluación y la coevaluación, que se muestran como complementos eficaces, tanto como estrategias de formación en sí mismas, como de estímulo para la mejora; las pruebas a distancia (síncronas o asíncronas), de las que se destacan en el trabajo numerosas ventajas y posibilidades; las pruebas presenciales, aconsejables en estudios formales y reglados, y otras variantes alternativas. Finalmente se apuntan una serie de ventajas que brindan las tecnologías para asegurar procesos evaluativos de calidad, tanto de carácter síncrono, necesarios en épocas de confinamiento, como asíncrono.
Where Are the Special Niches in Doctoral Programs in Mathematics Education in the United States?
Authors: Reys Robert E. , Reys Barbara J. , Shih Jeffrey C.
Published: May 2021

Some people pursuing a doctorate in mathematics education are interested in specializing in a specific area within mathematics education. In addition, people considering postdoctoral appointments often choose institutions that have niches or specializations aligned with their long-term career goals. These specialty areas are typically the result of the foci of specific faculty members who are active in research and scholarship and have gained broad recognition for their work. This brief report offers information about specific areas of specialization within doctoral programs in mathematics education in the United States that are recognized by peer faculty at other doctoral institutions.
What Early Algebra Knowledge Persists 1 Year After an Elementary Grades Intervention?
Authors: Stephens Ana , Stroud Rena , Strachota Susanne , Stylianou Despina , Blanton Maria , Knuth Eric , Gardiner Angela
Published: May 2021

This research focuses on the retention of students’ algebraic understandings 1 year following a 3-year early algebra intervention. Participants included 1,455 Grade 6 students who had taken part in a cluster randomized trial in Grades 3–5. The results show that, as was the case at the end of Grades 3, 4, and 5, treatment students significantly outperformed control students at the end of Grade 6 on a written assessment of algebraic understanding. However, treatment students experienced a significant decline and control students a significant increase in performance relative to their respective performance at the end of Grade 5. An item-by-item analysis performed within condition revealed the areas in which students in the two groups experienced a change in performance.
Parameters, Sliders, Marble Slides, Oh My!
Authors: Bailey Nina G. , Ozen Demet Yalman , Lovett Jennifer N. , McCulloch Allison W. , Cayton Charity
Published: May 2021

Three different technological activities to explore parameters of quadratic functions each has its own pros and cons.
Supporting Mathematics Talk in Kindergarten
Authors: Ghousseini Hala , Lord Sarah , Cardon Aimee
Published: May 2021

Kindergartners are capable of engaging in reasoning about mathematics and justifying their thinking using several resources.
Teaching Is a Journey: Professional Groups Shaped My Journey
Authors: Ebert David
Published: May 2021

This department provides a space for current and past PK–12 teachers of mathematics to connect with other teachers of mathematics through their stories that lend personal and professional support.
Henry Manning’s Journey to Roman Catholicism
Authors: Parker Kenneth
Published: May 2021

Henry Manning’s (1808–92) transition from Anglican to Roman Catholic convert has not received the extensive attention that John Henry Newman’s journey to Roman Catholicism has received. Though more than a half dozen treatments have appeared in recent decades, newly acquired archival resources received by the Westminster Diocesan Archives in 2014 warrant a new appraisal of the events leading to his conversion. How could a committed adherent of the Oxford Movement, who did not initially follow Newman’s example in 1845, make the decision to leave the Church of his birth in 1851? What interior process enabled Archdeacon Henry Manning to preside over the assembly of Chichester clergy that condemned ‘papal aggression’ in 1850, and announce at the conclusion of the vote that he would be received into the Roman communion? This article outlines undercurrents in Manning’s thought, traces of which can be found in his undergraduate years, and considers concepts that culminated in the decision that changed his life, and guided his Roman Catholic ecclesial outlook. His role in shaping the agenda of Vatican I and the post-conciliar era heightens the significance of this background.
‘Am I my brother’s keeper?’ Cardinal Manning and the Jewish People
Authors: Pereiro James
Published: May 2021

Henry Edward Manning (1808–92) was involved in some of the most pressing social issues of his time, from the defence of workers and trade unionism to finding a solution for the dock strike and the education of the poor. English Catholic social conscience, as a whole and with some singular exceptions, was somewhat slow in following the leadership of the cardinal in some of these matters. This article studies a barely known aspect of Manning’s social activity: his involvement in the British response to the Russian pogroms of 1881–82 and in other contemporary Jewish issues.
Engines of Tyranny
Authors: Gibson William
Published: May 2021

This article considers the sermons preached by royal chaplains at the court of James II and the organisation of the chapel royal by James as a Catholic organisation. In doing so, it addresses the question of where James’s assurance and certainty came from that he was ruling as God wished him to do. The evidence presented here is that James organised his Catholic chapel royal to be a conscious source of guidance and support. His chaplains reciprocated by addressing him as a Catholic king whose duty was to bring to heel a recalcitrant and stubborn people. His chaplains used historical precedent and theological argument to press on James his determination to bring his Protestant subjects to obedience. This is a study of the Catholic milieu of James’s court and of the theological impetus behind his rule.
George Horne, the Hutchinsonian
Authors: Gurses Tarbuck Derya
Published: May 2021

Hutchinsonianism, a set of ideas developed by John Hutchinson, did not necessarily command considerable respect among intellectuals in the eighteenth century. Hutchinson held that science was divine in origin and was rooted in the Old Testament. He denied the Newtonian principle of gravity and argued that God was necessary for the application of physical laws. He also developed a highly symbolic interpretation of religious ideas. George Horne (1730–92) was an exception in taking Hutchinsonianism seriously. Horne’s ideas aimed at uniting Christian orthodoxy against a common enemy, particularly those who undermined Trinitarian Christianity. This article examines Horne’s ideas as a Hutchinsonianism and explores his debt to Hutchinson. Horne also can be regarded as the most important representative of the Oxford Hutchinsonians of his generation, in the sense that his orthodoxy and adherence to Hutchinson’s ideas were aimed at finding a common ground between the two.
Seductive Splendour and Caricatured Simplicity
Authors: Crome Andrew
Published: May 2021

This article examines English Evangelical novels focused on the conversion of Jewish characters, published from the 1820s to the 1850s. It concentrates particularly on the way these novels emphasised the importance of the Church of England in constructing national and religious identity, and used Jewish conversion as a way to critique Catholicism and Nonconformity. Jewish worship, rabbinic authority and Talmudic devotion were linked to Roman Catholic attitudes towards priesthood and tradition, while Jews were also portrayed as victims of a persecuting Roman Church. Nonconformity was criticised for disordered worship and confusing Jews with its attacks on respectable Anglicanism. As a national religion, novelists therefore imagined that Jews would be saved by a national church, and often linked this to concepts of a national restoration to Palestine. This article develops and complicates understandings of Evangelical views of Jews in the nineteenth century, and their links to ‘writing the nation’ in popular literature.
The Spirituality of the Wesleyan Methodists of Brunswick Chapel, Leeds, in the Victorian Era
Authors: Bebbington David
Published: May 2021

The spirituality of Brunswick Chapel, Leeds, in the Victorian era illustrates the legacy of John Wesley when Wesleyan Methodism was a power in the land. The priorities were conversion, turning to Christ in repentance and faith, the Bible as the source of divine instruction, the cross as the way in which salvation was achieved and activism as the proper human response. These features were prominent in the whole of the broader Evangelical movement which Wesley inaugurated. There was concern with death, and especially last words, in providing evidence of the assurance on which Wesley insisted and which was cultivated in the class meetings he began. Prayer, Charles Wesley’s hymns and sermons loomed large. Men and women had their own channels for the expression of piety, but some avenues, especially in Sunday school teaching, were open to either sex. Some still professed Wesley’s sublime doctrine of entire sanctification. Towards the end of the period there were signs that the tradition was decaying, with the spirituality becoming shallower, but for the bulk of the period the tradition was flourishing.
Deconstructing Gendered Norms and Reclaiming Gendered Spaces in Angelina Nikonova’s Twilight Portrait (Portret v sumerkakh, 2011)
Authors: McGinity-Peebles Adelaide
Published: May 2021

This article focuses on Angelina Nikonova’s debut film Twilight Portrait (Portret v sumerkakh, 2011) and analyses the trajectory of the ‘difficult’ female protagonist, Marina (Ol´ga Dykhovichnaia), in relation to the spaces she inhabits and reclaims within the film. The article argues that, despite the incredulity and hostility that she inspires both on-screen and off-screen, Marina symbolises a complex, wider struggle for women’s sovereignty within the deeply patriarchal context of contemporary Russian society. In so doing, it shows that the film’s sustained, albeit ambiguous, probing of gendered hierarchies and institutions renders the film an important contribution to Russian cinema and, also, to the wider feminist filmmaking and feminist cultural discourse.
Distance and Implication
Authors: Gimenez Alba
Published: May 2021

Harun Farocki’s Eye/Machine (2003) is a video installation which analyses how what Farocki calls ‘the operational image’ reconfigures our visual regimes. The ‘operational image’ allows machines to operate ever more autonomously and to perform their tasks with no need for human supervision. Farocki links the birth of such operational images to the missiles with integrated cameras used during the Gulf War (1991) and therefore to military purposes. Eye/Machine poses a paradox: operational images generate a process of abstraction in which the image depicted (in the case of the war, the battlefield) gets detached from its indexical dimension, appearing as abstract and unreal. However, such detachment can be reversed when these images are recontextualised and reframed within an exhibition space, since that places them within a human experiential framework. Images, and our perception of them, are part of what Judith Butler calls the ‘extended materiality of war’. Thus, war is not only fought in the battlefield, but also at the level of the senses.
Effect of length of outer electrode on plasma characteristics in coaxial gun
Authors: Song Jian , Li Jia-Wen , Bai Xiao-Dong , Zhang Jin-Shuo , Yan Hui-Jie , Xiao Qing-Mei , Wang De-Zhen ,   Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China,   Space Environment Simulation Research Infrastructure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
Published: May 2021

The dense plasma produced by a coaxial gun possesses an extremely high velocity (~100 km/s), electron density (~1016 cm–3) and energy density (~1 MJ/m2), which has great potential applications in fusion energy, astrophysics and aerospace physics. Through the measurements of electrical and optical signals, as well as the temporal and spatial evolution of the ejected plasma, the plasma characteristics of two different outer electrodes in length are investigated. As the outer electrode is lengthened, the axial velocity, the collimation and the propagation distance of plasma are all enhanced while the electron density and the optical intensity decrease, this can be ascribed to the extension of plasma column formed by Z-pinch on the central electrode during the discharge. When moving across the end of the inner electrode, the plasma sheet can be stretched into a bow shape due to the Coulomb and Lorentz force. With the appearance of axial current, part of the plasma sheet near the head of the inner electrode converges toward the center, and then generates a plasma column with much higher electron density and temperature. On the one hand, the extending of the plasma column can match the outer electrode in length and therefore the plasma column gains longer accelerating time in the coaxial gun resulting in the growing of ejected velocity. On the other hand, it also brings higher losses of the charged particles and recombination rates between the plasma and the wall of electrodes, resulting in the decrease of electron density and optical intensity. Moreover, the axial kinetic energy, the electron density and the radial Lorentz force of ejected plasma are jointly responsible for the collimation and the attenuation characteristics in its propagation. As the axial velocity and electron density increase, the axial kinetic energy of ejected plasma increases, which induces a longer propagating distance. In contrast, with the electron density and radial Lorentz force growing, the density gradient and thermal expansion of ejected plasma are enhanced correspondingly, leading the energy density to decrease and finally the propagating distance to shorten. In conclusion, a high collimation plasma jet trends to generate in a high axial velocity, electron density and with a relatively long outer electrode.
Non-canonical Hedgehog signaling regulates spinal cord and muscle regeneration in Xenopus laevis larvae
Authors: Hamilton Andrew M , Balashova Olga A , Borodinsky Laura N
Published: May 2021

Inducing regeneration in injured spinal cord represents one of modern medicine’s greatest challenges. Research from a variety of model organisms indicates that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling may be a useful target to drive regeneration. However, the mechanisms of Hh signaling-mediated tissue regeneration remain unclear. Here, we examined Hh signaling during post-amputation tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis larvae. We found that while Smoothened (Smo) activity is essential for proper spinal cord and skeletal muscle regeneration, transcriptional activity of the canonical Hh effector Gli is repressed immediately following amputation, and inhibition of Gli1/2 expression or transcriptional activity has minimal effects on regeneration. In contrast, we demonstrate that protein kinase A is necessary for regeneration of both muscle and spinal cord, in concert with and independent of Smo, respectively, and that its downstream effector CREB is activated in spinal cord following amputation in a Smo-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that non-canonical mechanisms of Hh signaling are necessary for spinal cord and muscle regeneration.
Endogenous p53 expression in human and mouse is not regulated by its 3′UTR
Authors: Mitschka Sibylle , Mayr Christine
Published: May 2021

The TP53 gene encodes the tumor suppressor p53 which is functionally inactivated in many human cancers. Numerous studies suggested that 3′UTR-mediated p53 expression regulation plays a role in tumorigenesis and could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. However, these studies did not investigate post-transcriptional regulation of the native TP53 gene. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to delete the human and mouse TP53/Trp53 3′UTRs while preserving endogenous mRNA processing. This revealed that the endogenous 3′UTR is not involved in regulating p53 mRNA or protein expression neither in steady state nor after genotoxic stress. Using reporter assays, we confirmed the previously observed repressive effects of the isolated 3′UTR. However, addition of the TP53 coding region to the reporter had a dominant negative impact on expression as its repressive effect was stronger and abrogated the contribution of the 3′UTR. Our data highlight the importance of genetic models in the validation of post-transcriptional gene regulatory effects.
Function, structure and quality of striated muscles in the lower extremities in patients with late onset Pompe Disease—an MRI study
Authors: Vaeggemose Michael , Mencagli Rosa Andersen , Hansen Julie Schjødtz , Dräger Bianca , Ringgaard Steffen , Vissing John , Andersen Henning
Published: May 2021

Background

Pompe Disease (PD) is a rare inherited metabolic myopathy, caused by lysosomal-α-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency, which leads to glycogen accumulation within the lysosomes, resulting in cellular and tissue damage. Due to the emergence of a disease modifying treatment with recombinant GAA there has been a large increase in studies of late onset Pompe Disease (LOPD) during the last decade.

Methods

The present study evaluates muscle quality in 10 patients with LOPD receiving treatment with enzyme replacement therapy and in 10 age and gender matched healthy controls applying T1-weighted Dixon MR imaging and isokinetic dynamometry. Muscle quality was determined by muscle strength in relation to muscle size (contractile cross-sectional area, CSA) and to muscle quality (fat fraction). A follow-up evaluation of the patients was performed after 8–12 months. Patient evaluations also included: six-minute walking test (6MWT), forced vital capacity, manual muscle testing and SF-36 questionnaire.

Results

Fat fraction of knee flexors (0.15 vs 0.07, p < 0.05) and hip muscles (0.11 vs 0.07, p < 0.05) were higher in patients than controls. In patients, contractile CSA correlated with muscle strength (knee flexors: r = 0.86, knee extensors: r = 0.88, hip extensors: r = 0.83, p < 0.05). No correlation was found between fat fraction and muscle strength. The fat fraction of thigh muscles did not correlate with scores from the clinical tests nor did it correlate with the 6MWT. During follow-up, the contractile CSA of the knee extensors increased by 2%. No other statistically significant change was observed. Quantitative MRI reflects muscle function in patients with LOPD, but larger long-term studies are needed to evaluate its utility in detecting changes over time.
Robustness analysis of metabolic predictions in algal microbial communities based on different annotation pipelines
Authors: Karimi Elham , Geslain Enora , Belcour Arnaud , Frioux Clémence , Aïte Méziane , Siegel Anne , Corre Erwan , Dittami Simon M.
Published: May 2021

Animals, plants, and algae rely on symbiotic microorganisms for their development and functioning. Genome sequencing and genomic analyses of these microorganisms provide opportunities to construct metabolic networks and to analyze the metabolism of the symbiotic communities they constitute. Genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions rest on information gained from genome annotation. As there are multiple annotation pipelines available, the question arises to what extent differences in annotation pipelines impact outcomes of these analyses. Here, we compare five commonly used pipelines (Prokka, MaGe, IMG, DFAST, RAST) from predicted annotation features (coding sequences, Enzyme Commission numbers, hypothetical proteins) to the metabolic network-based analysis of symbiotic communities (biochemical reactions, producible compounds, and selection of minimal complementary bacterial communities). While Prokka and IMG produced the most extensive networks, RAST and DFAST networks produced the fewest false positives and the most connected networks with the fewest dead-end metabolites. Our results underline differences between the outputs of the tested pipelines at all examined levels, with small differences in the draft metabolic networks resulting in the selection of different microbial consortia to expand the metabolic capabilities of the algal host. However, the consortia generated yielded similar predicted producible compounds and could therefore be considered functionally interchangeable. This contrast between selected communities and community functions depending on the annotation pipeline needs to be taken into consideration when interpreting the results of metabolic complementarity analyses. In the future, experimental validation of bioinformatic predictions will likely be crucial to both evaluate and refine the pipelines and needs to be coupled with increased efforts to expand and improve annotations in reference databases.
Does Size of Landholding Contributing Highest Share to Consumption Expenditure Inequalities among Agricultural Households?
Authors: Areef M. , Radha Y. , Rao V. S. , Gopal P. V. S. , Paul K. S. R. , Suseela K. , Rajeswari S.
Published: May 2021

This study aims to identify factors that contribute to consumption expenditure inequality and employed the regression based inequality decomposition (RBID) method. Used primary data on agricultural households’ consumption expenditure for the agricultural year 2018-19 in the south coastal region of Andhra Pradesh. The results compared across the landholding size wise category and concluded that monthly income, dependency ratio, non-farm income-earning members and size of household contributed highest percentage share to total inequality for food, non-food and total consumption expenditure. At the aggregate (overall farmers) level highest percentage of inequality share contributed by monthly income and followed by the size of landholding. There is a need to focus on control the size of households by narrowing the dependency ratio and enhance the monthly income of agricultural households by providing employment opportunities in both farm and non-farm income-earning activities.
Prolonged Usage of Herbicides Reduces Heterotrophic Aerobic Bacteria and Fungi Population and Alters Soil Physicochemical Parameters
Authors: Oluyemi Bello Marcus
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to examine the effect of commonly used herbicides on soil microbiota (bacteria and fungi) as well as its physiochemical properties. Topsoil (0 to 5cm depth) samples were collected from different plots at Ayepe, Iwaro Oka Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria with known prior herbicide treatments. The plots had different history of glyphosate, paraquat and both combination application. The soil samples were serially diluted and cultured on nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the soil samples showed that all the soil samples had pH values which ranged from 7.4 to 9.4. The moisture contents ranged from 2.6 to 15 with soil sample without prior usage of herbicide having the highest moisture content. The average total bacterial counts ranged from 4.0 x 108 to 2.5 x 109 cfu/g while the average total fungal counts ranged from 3.0 x 103 to 3.1 104 cfu/g with the untreated soil containing the highest loads. Soil samples with prolonged use of herbicides generally contained lower soil moisture contents, organic matter contents, as well as lower microbial loads. It could be concluded from the study that the pattern of change in the bacteria and fungi population vary as a result of differences in the composition of herbicides and year of usage.