bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Heavy metals content, Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), and Copper (Cu) with risk assessment to human consumption as a food and medicine in herbal species through Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Hyder Zeeshan , Rizwani Ghazala H. , Ahmed Iqbal , Shareef Huma , Azhar Iqbal , Aqeel Eraj
Published: September 2022

Survival of living being in the universe depends upon the nature created ecosystem for foods, nutrition’s and medicines from the past several decades. Most consumable natural gifts are plant and herbs as foods and medicines for both human and animals. The affect of heavy metal contamination in plants and herbs cannot be underestimated as they are being used as major foodstuff. In the current study, we have quantitatively determined the five different heavy metals including lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel and copper in 13 selective herbal species which are commonly used for the formulation of herbal and food product as well as in culinary and cosmetic purpose. The conventional wet acid digestion method was used for sample dissolution and the heavy metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. As result of this study we have obtained the various level of concentrations of specific heavy metals in the rage of 0.98­-2.39, 2.25-3.75, 0.42-1.17, 0.87-2.39, and 2.03-4.96 for Pb, Hg, Cd, Ni, and Cu respectively and we also compared the result with daily recommended limit of USP / B.P. While health risk assessment (EDI, THQ,TCR, and HI) of all selective herbal species have been computed along with the strict monitoring of contaminants or heavy metals in herbal, cosmetic product and food stuffs by regulatory authorities than it will be more fruitful and beneficial.
Nucleation kinetics and virtual melting in shear-induced crystal–crystal transitions
Authors: Li Wei , Peng Yi , Still Tim , Yodh Arjun , Han Yilong
Published: September 2022

Crystal–crystal (c–c) transitions are often induced by large shear deformation, but the microscopic kinetics associated with c–c transitions are difficult to experimentally observe and are poorly understood theoretically. Here, we drive shear-induced phase transitions from square ($\square$) lattices to triangular ($\triangle$) lattices and directly observe the accompanying kinetics with single-particle resolution inside the bulk crystal. For relatively small oscillatory shear strain amplitude, γm < 0.1, the initial nucleation is martensitic, and the late-stage growth exhibits shear-coupled interface propagation. By contrast, for large shear strain, 0.1 < γm < 0.4, liquid nuclei form first, and then $\triangle$-lattice nuclei crystallize within liquid nuclei; $\triangle$-lattice nuclei are surrounded by a liquid layer throughout their growth due to localised shear strain at the interface; large localized strain enables the Lindemann melting criterion to be reached locally and drives virtual melting. Such virtual melting and interface propagation induced shear phenomena have been predicted in theory and simulation, but have not been observed in experiment.
Thymus size at birth in echocardiography: a cohort study
Authors: Wójtowicz-Marzec Monika , Berendt Agnieszka Maria , Bogucki Jacek
Published: September 2022

Background
Echocardiography is a tool used in neonatal period to screen for congenital heart defects and to assess the function of the cardiovascular system. It enables obtaining a three-vessel view (3VV) to show how the superior vena cava, the aorta and the pulmonary trunk relate to each other. A 3VV also provides a view of the thymus gland. Thymic hypoplasia or aplasia, is associated with impaired cell-type immunity. Diagnosis of athymia in neonatal period may prevent complications in adulthood.
Methods
Using the thymus measurements obtained in echocardiography of neonates delivered in one healthcare centre, a total of 1331 thymus records were collected and statistically analysed. The study was conducted on group of 321 preterm neonates and 1010 full-term neonates. The superior mediastinal view was chosen for thymus measurements, with the parallel vascular system, including the superior vena cava, the aorta and the pulmonary trunk ,with visible branching to the right and left pulmonary artery (3VV).
Results
Based on a statistical analysis, a correlation was found of 3VV thymus dimensions and thymic index (TI) with body weight, gestational age and body surface area (BSA). These measurements led to the important finding that the TI value depends on thymus width and depth, more prominently the latter. The 3VV measurement of thymus depth alone can serve as a screening tool to assess the size of the gland.
Conclusions
Inclusion of thymic measurements in neonatal echocardiography protocol can be used as a screening tool to detect thymic hypoplasia or aplasia often associated with impaired cell-type immunity.
Multidimensional tracking and consequences of the usage of forest products in Early Modern Poland
Authors: Słowiński Michał , Związek Tomasz , Swoboda Paweł , Niedzielski Michał A. , Słowińska Sandra , Konopski Michał , Jonczak Jerzy , Kruczkowska Bogusława , Chojnacka Aleksandra , Róg Dominik , Szewczyk Krzysztof , Brykała Dariusz
Published: September 2022

The quantification of human impacts on past forest ecosystems becomes more challenging as one goes deeper into the past. This is primarily due to a scarcity of appropriate source material. It is well known that the inclusion of the Polish lands in the zone of economic ties with Western Europe at the end of the 15th century enabled intensive export of cereal and forest products. In this paper, we have used place names established before 1600 to demonstrate how ancient forests were exploited. By analyzing the naming material, we distinguished three basic types of names related to logging, industrial production, and beekeeping. In addition, we have included several theoretical considerations related to the environmental consequences of forest exploitation. Thus, our article provides a strong basis for further research into the environmental effects of past landscape changes.
Relationship of the largest GIC during geomagnetic storms with solar wind-IMF parameters
Authors: Balan Nanan , Li Wen-Bin , XING Zan-Yang , Skoug R. , Manu V. , Liang Li-Kai , Zhang Qing-He
Published: September 2022

The association of GIC (geomagnetically induced current) with various solar and geophysical conditions has been known. However, what determines the time of occurrence and amplitude of the largest GIC during geomagnetic storms, which during extreme storms can cause sudden damage of vulnerable utility systems, is not yet known. We address this important question by analyzing the GIC data measured in Finland for 21 years (1999–2019) during 106 geomagnetic activities (DstMin ≤-50 nT) at low, mid and high latitudes and the corresponding solar wind velocity V, dynamic pressure P, north-south component of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz), and the products V×Bz and P×Bz. The results show for the first time that the largest GIC (≥ 10 A) occurs at the time of the largest -(V×Bz) in all seasons and solar activity levels with its time determined by the time of the largest -Bz and magnitude determined by both V and -Bz, except in one case. The two power outages happened in the 21-year period (06 November 2001 and 30 October 2003) also occurred at the UT time of the largest GICmax. The correlation of largest GICmax is also highest (0.92) with the largest -(V×Bz) at September equinox. The results highlight the importance of the single station GIC measurements and possibility of improving the forecasting of the rate of change of the local horizontal geomagnetic field (dH/dt) directly related to GIC.
Long-term follow-up of ureteroplasty with different methods for long ureteral stenosis: A Single Institution Study
Authors: Ma Junhai , Li Xiaoran , Wu Gongjin , Qin Ze , Chang Hong , Wu Xuewu , Zhang Su , Shi Wei , Bao Junsheng , Shang Panfeng , Yue Zhongjin
Published: September 2022

Background
Surgical management of long ureteral stenosis is challenging. We describethe different modalities used in our center to treat long ureteral stenosis and report ourlong-term results.
Methods
This is a 17-year retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of ureteroplasty with different surgical procedures in 12 patients with long ureteral stenosis. This study has passed ethical approval. Data were collected between May 2005 and September 2021. The mean age was 41 years. Recurrent stenosis was treated with long-term ureteral stent placement. The main observation index was the success rate of surgery. The secondary index was the rate of surgical complications and recurrent stenosis. The mean is used to describe parametric continuity variables, and the median and quartile range (IQR) are used to describe nonparametric continuity variables.
Results
Twelve patients were included. There were iatrogenic injuries in nine patients (75%), bilateral polyps in one (8.3%), ureteral occupation in one (8.3%), and unknown origins in one (8.3%). Ileal replacement was performed in three (25%) patients, lingual mucosa grafts in four(33.3%) patients, and boari bladder flaps in five (41.7%) patients. One of the surgeries was performed laparoscopically. The median follow-up was 49 months (range 8-204), and three patients (25%) had major postoperative complications. One patient’s treatment failed, requiring special reintervention, and two patients (16.7%) underwent ureteral stent placement. We accept the limitations of this small retrospective single-surgeon series, where the surgeon had a certain surgical selection preference.
Conclusion
Iatrogenic injury is the most common cause of long ureteral stenosis.There are many surgical methods for ureteral reconstruction, and the boari bladder flap is a preferred method for repairing long ureteral stenosis due to fewer postoperative complications and a low treatment failure rate.
The internal attentional focus: Studies on the impact on destination memory
Authors: Pinto Raquel , Albuquerque Pedro B.
Published: September 2022

To remember to whom we transmit a piece of information, we rely on destination memory, with worse performance occurring when participants transmit personal facts (e.g., my age is ...) compared to interesting ones (e.g., a shrimp's heart is in its head). It seems that when reporting personal information, the internal attentional focus decreases the attentional resources available to associate those facts with recipients, resulting in worse destination memory (Gopie & MacLeod, 2009; Johnson & Jefferson, 2018). Experiment 1 (between-participants design: 41 participants) and Experiment 2 (within-participants design: 30 participants) compared the transmission of personal facts with the transmission of familiar proverbs, with the generation and transmission of personal facts hampering destination memory. However, perhaps the worst performance when transmitting personal facts may be due to the generation of the information, which is absent in the condition where the participants only transmit proverbs. To clarify these results in Experiment 3, 31 participants (1) transmitted and (2) generated and transmitted familiar proverbs, and results showed no differences between the conditions on destination memory. In general, our experiments support the assumption that transmitting personal information leads to worse destination memory, not because the information is generated, but because personal facts drive the attentional focus to the self.
Highly Transparent Ultrahigh- Molecular-Weight Polyethylene/MXene Films with Efficient UV Absorption for Light Conversion and Energy Savings
Authors: Liu Xianhu , Zhang Xin , Zhou Zhengui , Zhang Wenrui , Wang Chunfeng , Pan Yamin , Hu Bin , Liu Chuntai , Pan Caofeng , Shen Changyu
Published: September 2022

Recently, the issue of energy and the environment has been a topic of widespread concern, and the rational use of energy, including both energy conversion from more sustainable energy sources and energy savings, is one of the primary means for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. Polymer composites that incorporate two-dimensional materials, such as MXenes, and can be used in light conversion, have attracted particular interest, but their opaque appearance limits wider applications. For example, due to the high transparency to solar irradiation, windows are the energy-efficient components, accounting for nearly 51% of the total solar energy, which seriously aggravates interior energy consumption. Thus, it is desirable to develop a transparent film that can enhance light conversion in order to avoid the heat exchange and heighten windows’ energy-saving capability. Herein, we successfully developed a series of visible-light-transparent and UV-absorbing ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite films by using a combination of Ti3C2Tx MXene as fillers and 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-ditertpentylphenol (BZT) as dispersant. These composite films could be quickly heated to 65°C under light irradiation of 400 mW cm-2 and maintained over 85% visible light transmittance as well as low haze (< 12%). Because of the efficient UV absorption by these films, the temperature inside a container completely covered with the optimal composite film was reduced by 6–7°C compared to that inside a container covered with bare glass, demonstrating the potential for these films to be used in energy-saving applications. In addition, the optimal composite film was predicted to provide cooling energy savings ranging from 31 to 61 MJ m-2 year-1 for a typical building in various conditions corresponding to the climate conditions of 12 cities worldwide; these energy savings account for approximately 3%-12% of the total annual cooling energy consumption of such a building. These results imply that these composite films have wide potential for use as transparent devices in new energy-related applications.
Skeletal muscle-derived exosomal miR-146a-5p inhibits lipogenesis by mediating muscle-fat axis and targeting GDF5-PPARγsignaling
Authors: Qin Mengran , Xing Lipeng , Wu Jiahan , Wen Shulei , Luo Jun-Yi , Sun Jiajie , Chen Ting , Fan Yaotian , Zhu Jiahao , Yang Lekai , Liu Jie , Xiong Jiali , Chen Xingping , Zhu Canjun , Wang Songbo , Wang Lina , Shu Gang , Jiang Qingyan , Zhang Yong-Liang , Xi Qian-Yun
Published: September 2022

Skeletal muscle-Fat interaction is essential for maintaining organismal energy homeostasis and managing obesity by secreting cytokines and exosomes, but the role of the latter as new mediator in the inter-tissue communication still remains unclear. Recently, we discovered that miR-146a-5p was mainly enriched in skeletal muscle-derived exosomes (SKM-Exos), more 50-fold higher than fat exosomes. Here, we investigated the role of skeletal muscle-derived exosome regulating lipid metabolism in adipose tissue by delivering miR-146a-5p. The results showed that exosomes from skeletal myoblast significantly inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes and its adipogenesis. When the skeletal muscle-derived exosomes co-treated adipocytes with miR-146a-5p inhibitor, this inhibition was reversed. Additionally, skeletal muscle-specific knockout miR-146a-5p (mKO) significantly increased body weight gain and decreased oxidative metabolism in mice. Whereas the internalization of this miRNA into the mKO mice by injecting skeletal muscle-derived exosomes from the Flox mice (Flox-Exos) resulted in the significant phenotypic reversion, including down-regulation of genes and proteins involved in fat synthesis. Mechanistically, miR-146a-5p has also been demonstrated to function as a negative regulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling by directly targeting growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene to mediate fat synthesis and fatty acid absorption. Taken together, these data provide new insights into the role of miR-146a-5p as a novel myokine involved in the regulation of lipogenesis and obesity via mediating the skeletal muscle-fat signaling axis, and may serve as a target for the development of therapies against various metabolic diseases, including obesity, lipodystrophy and insulin resistance.
Eavesdropping on competing condensates by the edge supercurrent in a Weyl superconductor.
Authors: Kim Stephan , Lei Shiming , Schoop Leslie , Cava Robert , Ong N. Phuan
Published: September 2022

In a topological insulator the metallic surface states are easily distinguished from the insulating bulk states [1]. By contrast, in a topological superconductor [2-5], much less is known about the relationship between an edge supercurrent and the bulk pair condensate. Can we force their pairing symmetries to be incompatible?
In the superconducting state of the Weyl semimetal MoTe$_2$, an edge supercurrent is observed as oscillations in the current-voltage (\emph{I-V}) curves induced by fluxoid quantization [6]. We have found that the $s$-wave pair field of supercurrent injected from niobium contacts is incompatible with the intrinsic pair condensate in MoTe$_2$. The incompatibility leads to strong stochasticity in the switching current $I_c$ as well as other anomalous properties such as an unusual antihysteretic behavior with the ``wrong'' sign. Under the injected supercurrent, the fluxoid-induced edge oscillations survive to much higher magnetic fields \emph{H}. Interestingly, the oscillations are either very noisy or noise-free depending on the pair field that ends up dictating the edge pairing. Using the phase noise as a sensitive probe that eavesdrops on the competiting bulk states, we uncover an underlying blockade mechanism whereby the intrinsic condensate can pre-emptively block proximitization by the Nb pair field depending on the history.
For Which Children with ADHD is TBR Neurofeedback Effective? Comorbidity as a Moderator
Authors: Roley-Roberts Michelle E. , Pan Xueliang , Bergman Rachel , Tan Yubo , Hendrix Kyle , deBeus Roger , Kerson Cynthia , Arns Martijn , Jehli Nadja R. Ging , Connor Shea , Shrader Constance , Arnold L. Eugene
Published: September 2022

Introduction: We examined psychiatric comorbidities moderation of a 2-site double-blind randomized clinical trial of theta/beta-ratio (TBR) neurofeedback (NF) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Methods:Seven-to-ten-year-olds with ADHD received either NF (n=84) or Control (n=58) for 38 treatments. Outcome was change in parent-/teacher-rated inattention from baseline to end-of-treatment (acute effect), and 13-month-follow-up. Seventy percent had at least one comorbidity: oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (50%), specific phobias (27%), generalized anxiety (23%), separation anxiety (16%). Comorbidities were grouped into anxiety alone (20%), ODD alone (23%), neither (30%), or both (27%).
Results: Comorbidity (p=0.043) moderated acute effect; those with anxiety-alone responded better to Control than to TBR NF (d=-0.79, CI -1.55- -0.04), and the other groups showed a slightly better response to TBR NF than to Control (d=0.22~0.31, CI -0.3-0.98). At 13-months, ODD-alone group responded better to NF than Control (d=0.74, CI 0.05-1.43).
Discussion: TBR NF is not indicated for ADHD with comorbid anxiety but may benefit ADHD with ODD.
The efficacy of entrepreneurial networking and innovation in fostering the performance of small businesses: A global south perspective
Authors: Sendawula Kasimu , Kisubi Moses Kisame , Najjinda Shamirah , Nantale Hanifah , Kabbera Samuel
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of entrepreneurial networking and innovation in fostering the performance of small businesses using evidence from the global south. The study was cross-sectional and correlational. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey of 368 small businesses and analyzed through correlation, hierarchical regression and mediation analysis using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). study findings indicate that entrepreneurial networking and innovation are significant predictors of small business performance. Results also indicate that innovation partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial networking and performance of small businesses. As such, this study contributes to the extant literature on the performance of small businesses as it provides initial empirical evidence on the efficacy of entrepreneurial networking and innovation in fostering the performance of small businesses, it further contributes to the recent literature on the mediation effect of innovation using evidence from the global south.
Development and validation of immersive hand rehabilitation system using a VR rhythm game with vibrotactile feedback: an fNIRS pilot study
Authors: Bae Sungjin , Park Hyung-Soon
Published: September 2022

Background
Recently, virtual reality (VR) has been widely utilized with rehabilitation to promote user engagement, which has been shown to induce brain plasticity. In particular, contact-free hand tracking technology has been developed as a control input for VR, and there is an increasing demand for patient-specific hand rehabilitation strategies. In this study, we developed a VR-based hand rehabilitation system consisting of a user-specific gesture-controlled rhythm game with vibrotactile feedback and validated the system by measuring brain activation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
Methods
The VR-based hand rehabilitation system provides vibrotactile feedback as the user matches their hand gestures to VR targets customized to their pre-recorded hand gestures that approach according to the rhythm of the music. Cortical activation was measured via fNIRS during 420 seconds of alternating gameplay and rest in 11 healthy subjects and one chronic stroke survivor. Regions of interest (ROI) were the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the premotor cortex & the supplementary motor area (PMC&SMA), the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), and the somatosensory association cortex (SAC).
Results
The mean success rate of gesture matching among healthy subjects was 90% with a standard deviation of 10.7%, and the success rate of the stroke survivor was 79.6%. The oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) cortical activation maps showed that the hemodynamic responses of HbO increased during the VR-based hand rehabilitation for all ROIs for both groups. Paired t-test analysis showed a significant increase in HbO activation values in 23 out of 51 channels that correspond to all ROIs except the left PFC and PMC&SMA, which showed high subject variability.
Conclusion
The experimental results indicate that the proposed gesture-controlled VR rhythm game and vibrotactile feedback system successfully activated brain cortical areas related to motor planning and execution, multisensory, and attention. The proposed system is expected to be effective in promoting brain plasticity by inducing brain activation in key areas for stroke rehabilitation.
Phenotypic Transition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Endothelial TIE2 Mutations in Venous Malformations
Authors: Du Zhong , You Yuan He , Tian Zhuo Wei , Xu Gui Song , Wang Li Zhen , Zheng Jia Wei , Xiao Meng , He Jie , Wang Yan An
Published: September 2022

Venous malformations (VMs) are congenital vascular malformations characterized by a chronically enlarged and malformed venous cavity. Although TIE2 mutation has been commonly recognized as a vital genetic landscape in VMs, the role of TIE2 in regulating the contraction function of smooth muscle cells remains unclear. We generated mouse models through endothelial germline/somatic expression of Tie2-R848W, which has been identified as a typical mutation in autosomal inherited venous malformations, multiple cutaneous and mucosal venous malformation (VMCM). Tie2-R848Wfl/fl;Tie2Cre+ mice develop pulmonary vascular malformations with internal hemorrhage. Tie2-R848W in Tie2-R848Wfl/fl;AplnER+ mice induces postnatal retinal vascular malformations. Accordingly, we demonstrate that dysregulated function and phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may be the pathogenic basis of Tie2-related vascular malformations. The phenotypic transition of VSMCs was further identified in human VMs of the head and neck carrying TIE2 mutations and in an in vitro model. Downregulated ion transmembrane transport and TNFSF10 may play a substantial role in initiating the phenotypic transition process of VSMCs. In conclusion, germline/somatic TIE2 mutation in ECs might induce an abnormal regulatory relationship between ECs and VSMCs, which is highly associated with the phenotypic transition of VSMCs. Weakened contractility and abnormal proliferation induce a chronic expansion cavity and thickening of the muscle layer, which may develop into venous malformation.
Solving Last-Mile Delivery Challenges is Critical to Increase COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mobarak Ahmed Mushfiq , Meriggi Niccolò , Voors Maarten , Levine Madison , Ramakrishna Vasudha , Kangbai Desmond Maada , Rozelle Michael , Tyler Ella , Cundy Sarah
Published: September 2022

In the first six months of COVID-19 vaccine distribution, over 90% of all doses were given to residents of high and upper middle income nations. Less than 30% of Africans were vaccinated with at least one shot even 18 months after vaccine development. This has led to an explosion of scholarly and policy interest on vaccine hesitancy and ways to overcome it. We argue instead that the limiting factor for many rural Africans is lack of access, and implemented an intervention designed to overcome the logistical challenges of last-mile delivery. The cluster randomized controlled trial in 150 remote rural communities shows that simply bringing vaccines to villages using mobile vaccination teams increases the community vaccination rate by 20 percentage points within just 48-72 hours. Moreover, auxiliary populations showed up at our temporary clinic to get vaccinated, which lowers the cost of this intervention to US$ 32 per person vaccinated. This is more cost-effective than most vaccination strategies investigated via trials.
Effects of transportation on physiological indices and metabolomics of the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea
Authors: Zhou Yangchen , Yin Xiaolong , Li Weiye , Gao Yang , Chu Zhangjie
Published: September 2022

Adverse conditions have seriously affected the survival rate of the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and the molecular response mechanism needs to be revealed. The aim of this study was to improve the survival rate and alleviate the oxidative stress response of the large yellow croaker during live transport. The experiment involved using different concentrations of MS-222. The transport of live animals is associated with various stressors. After a preliminary experiment, we used an untargeted LC–MS-based metabolomics technique combined with liver biochemical indices assays to examine the changes in L. crocea after 48 h of simulated transport. The results of liver biochemical indices indicated inhibition of gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway metabolism. In addition, metabolomics analysis identified significantly differentially expressed metabolites between 10 mg/L (T1) and control (C) groups. Furthermore, KEGG results revealed that the pathways of amino acid metabolism, especially the lysine, aspartate and homoserine in the liver were significantly affected. In conclusion, the combination of metabolomics and liver biochemical assays provided a characterization of the response mechanism of L. crocea exposed to simulated transport.
Characteristics and Dating of Brine in Paleo-Salt Lakes of the Western Qaidam Basin
Authors: Li Hongpu , Pan Tong , Jin Fang , Chen Jinniu , Guo Ruirui , Tong YongJun
Published: September 2022

The brine in paleo-salt lakes in the Qaidam Basin is a very important resource of potassium and lithium salts. There has been little research on the formation mechanism of the brine according to noble gases and their isotopic characteristics, let alone research on the formation age of the brine. For this reason, this paper studies the formation mechanism and formation age of the brine in paleo-salt lakes in the Qaidam Basin according to the test data of the samples of noble gas elements and their isotopes collected in the latest deep boreholes in the Qaidam Basin. In the study area, the He content in the brine ranges from 12.2×10− 6 to 1,326.9×10− 6, the Ne content from 1.253×10− 6 to 19.1×10− 6, and the Ar content from 3,046.5×10− 6 to 5,023.1×10− 6; the ratio of 3He/4He ranges from 2.00 ×10− 8 to 2.30×10− 7, R/Ra from 0.01 to 0.16Ra, 20Ne/22Ne from 9.2 to 10.6, 21Ne/22Ne from 0.024 to 0.032, and 40Ar/36Ar from 298.7 to 352. In combination with the correlations between 20Ne/22Ne and 21Ne/22Ne, and 3He/4He and 40Ar/36Ar, and in accordance with the special physical properties of noble gases He, Ne, and Ar (such as lower solubility in groundwater and higher solubility with the increase of ion radius), the following can be inferred: The brine in paleo-salt lakes in the Qaidam Basin has two sources: deep crust and atmospheric precipitation; the reservoirs of the brine in paleo-salt lakes in the Qaidam Basin are Quaternary - Paleogene strata; the brine was formed from Triassic to Ordovician, earlier than the reservoir age according to the calculation of 3He/4He in the brine based on the age accumulation effect.
Asymmetric modulation of winter mixed layer depth induced by mesoscale eddies alongside the Kuroshio Extension jet
Authors: Shi Fei , Luo Yiyong
Published: September 2022

Ocean mesoscale eddies are observed to influence mixed layer depth (MLD) with a deepening by anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and a shoaling by cyclonic eddies (CEs). By using Argo profiles, satellite altimeter data and eddy-resolving model data, this study investigates how the AEs and CEs alongside the Kuroshio Extension jet (KEJ) modulate the winter MLD. Results show that although the modulations by the AEs and CEs are roughly symmetric over the whole region on the winter MLD, their impacts are strongly asymmetric to the north and south of the KEJ. The deepening effect by the AEs is much more than the shoaling effect by the CEs to the north of the KEJ, while the shoaling effect by the CEs is much more than the deepening effect by the AEs to the south of the KEJ. Therefore, their overall effect results in a net deepening to the north and a net shoaling to the south of the KEJ. A further analysis finds that this asymmetric feature is closely related to the distribution of eddy amplitudes which implies more energetic AEs to the north but CEs to the south of the KEJ. This study highlights the importance of the distribution of energetic eddies on the modulation of MLD.
Identifying xenocrystic tourmaline in Himalayan leucogranites
Authors: Han Jinsheng , Chen Huayong , Xu Haijun , Nadeau Olivier , Xu Chang
Published: September 2022

Tourmaline is a common autocrystic mineral in granitic and pegmatitic rocks that records valuable information on the physicochemical evolution of magmas. However, xenocrystic tourmaline that does not crystallize from host magmas is also common but seldom reported and notoriously difficult to identify. Here, autocrystic (Tur G) and xenocrystic (Tur P) tourmalines are identified in two-mica granites and granitic pegmatites from the Cuonadong leucogranites, eastern Himalaya. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), coupled with electron-probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and laser ablation ICP-MS analyses (LA-ICP-MS), is used to discriminate xenocrystic from autocrystic tourmaline. Although both tourmalines have slightly different chemical compositions, the differences are insufficient to permit unambiguous discrimination. However, EBSD systematically shows complex intra-crystalline orientations and deformation xenocrystic grains, and undeformed crystal lattices are predominant in autocrystic grains. EBSD could be a useful tool to identify the origin of tourmaline in granitic rocks, particularly when geochemical analyses and/or geochronological measurements are inconclusive.
Assessment of Wind Energy Potential and Current Usage status in Turkey and in the World
Authors: KÖSE Faruk , KÖSE Süleyman
Published: September 2022

Among the renewable energy sources, wind energy has been the most increasing energy source in use around the world in recent years. Today, more than 100 countries in the world are producing electricity from wind energy. As the countries with the highest installed capacity of wind energy, China, the United States of America and Germany have been in the top 3 for a long time. According to the data from the year 2021, Turkey ranks 7th in Europe and 12th in the world in terms of installed wind power plant capacity. In this study, after examining the wind energy potentials and installed capacities of the other countries of the world and Turkey, their shares in the current electricity energy production and total energy consumption were examined. The conditions which would allow world consumption, including Turkey’s, to be met entirely from renewable energy sources, and the possible contribution of wind energy to these renewable sources have been estimated. Additionally, possible expected future developments in wind turbine technology are also presented.
Optimal analysis of VSL following-up performance considering hydraulic system SAD control strategy
Authors: Zhang Lixin , Ruan Jiafu , Jiang Zongliang , Wang Xigui
Published: September 2022

Hydraulic system lubricating oil is subject to serialized Variable Static Loads (VSL) following-up performance. An improved Self-Turbulent Flow (STF) algorithm, based on the real-time acquisition and monitoring of Lubricating Oil Static Pressure (LOSP) in hydraulic system to simulate VSL, is proposed. In this topic, a mathematical model of the Electro-Hydraulic Servo (EHS) control system for LOSP acquisition is presented, and the STF controller is designed for numerical analysis. The Self-Anti-Disturbance (SAD) control strategy for LOSP of EHS system is discussed, which is used for quadratic optimization, pole placement, PID and STF control, and the LOSP simulation model of STF control is constructed by SIMULINK module. Numerical simulation results indicate that the overshoot is significantly reduced. The proposed SAD control algorithm is verified by experiments, and the LOSP acquisition followability and monitoring accuracy are greatly improved. Toward this goal, a variable hydraulic LOSP acquisition and monitoring can be effectively and stability adjusted by pre-designed EHS control system in the field of power hydraulic fluid lubrication.
Adsorption of brilliant green dye by used-tea-powder: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics studies
Authors: Vithalkar Sarika , Jugade R. M. , Saravanan D.
Published: September 2022

The present research is based on the removal of Brilliant Green (BG) dye from its aqueous solution. Used-tea-powder (UTP) was used as a potential adsorbent to remove BG from aqueous solution. Pore morphology, surface properties, crystalline nature and thermal stability of UTP were assessed by using SEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA analysis. The optimized working conditions were found to be pH 6, UTP dose 100 mg, adsorption time 60 min and BG concentration 100 mg L−1. The qmax obtained from the Langmuir model was 101.01 mg g−1 showing the utility of UTP in dye removal. The breakthrough volume and efficiency of the column were evaluated through column adsorption studies in fixed-bed mode. It was found that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was followed as evaluated by the correlation studies. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was feasible, exothermic and spontaneous.
The anti-biofilm activity of hydrogen peroxide against Escherichia coli strain FL-Tbz isolated from a pharmaceutical water system
Authors: Farjami Afsaneh , Jalilzadeh Sina , Siahi-Shadbad Mohammadreza , Lotfipour Farzaneh
Published: September 2022

Biofilms are considered a significant reason for the failure of disinfection strategies in industrial water systems due to their resistance to antimicrobial agents. This study is designed to investigate the anti-biofilm activity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at combinations of temperatures and contact times. For this purpose, an in vitro microtiter plate (MTP)-based model system was used for biofilm formation using Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain FL-Tbz isolated from the water system of a pharmaceutical plant. To investigate the anti-biofilm activity of H2O2, it was added at different concentrations (2–7% v/v) to biofilms and incubated at different temperatures (20–60 °C) for 10–40 min to find effective conditions to eradicate biofilms. Maximum biofilms were formed when bacterial suspensions were incubated at 37 °C for 96 h. The rate of biofilm formation using an environmental isolate was higher than that of standard strain. H2O2 at concentrations of ≥6.25% (v/v) at temperatures of ≥40 °C incubated for ≥25 min significantly eradicated the biofilms.
Identification of Acanthamoeba spp. from water and soil of public parks in the north of Iran
Authors: Mahmoudi M. R. , Maleki M. , Zebardast N. , Rahmati B. , Ashrafi K. , Sharifdini M. , Karanis Panagiotis
Published: September 2022

Acanthamoeba, a free-living and opportunistic protozoan parasite, is a causative agent of severe human infections of the cornea and brain. The present study evaluated the distribution and genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp. in water and soil of recreational places in various areas in Guilan province in northern Iran. Eighty water and 20 soil samples were collected from the study area. Water samples were vacuum filtered through a 0.45 μm pore-size membrane filter. Soil samples were washed with sterile distilled water, and washings were similarly filtered, as mentioned for water samples. The filtered material was cultured on non-nutrient agar plates seeded with heat-killed Escherichia coli. Molecular analysis was performed by PCR and sequencing using specific primers for Acanthamoeba. Finally, 26 isolates were successfully sequenced. According to culture and PCR methods, 54% of water and 100% of soil samples were contaminated with Acanthamoeba. Based on the sequencing data, genotypes T4 (47%), T5 (35.29%), T3 (11.76%), and T11 (5.88%) were identified in water samples. Genotypes T4 (66.6%), T5 (22.2%) and T15 (11.1%) were identified in water samples. Most isolates might present a potential health hazard for humans in this region. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey of water and soil of recreational areas in northern Iran and the first report on identifying genotype T15 from soil sources.
Tüketici Habitatı Olarak Alışveriş Merkezleri Malatya Park AVM Örneği
Authors: Batar Hasan
Published: September 2022

İnsanlık tarihi kadar eskiye dayanan tüketim olgusu, geçmişten günümüze insan yaşamının ve sosyal hayatının şekillenmesinde her zaman etkili ve belirleyici bir faaliyet olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Geçmişte olduğu gibi gelecekte de değişecek olan tüketim, günümüzde insan ve toplum için bir ihtiyacı karşılamaktan öte kendini ifade etme, kendini gerçekleştirme, kendini konumlandırmanın bir aracı haline gelmiştir. Tüketim bu açıdan bir şeyi elde etmenin insan zihnindeki değişimini de ortaya koymaktadır. Çünkü geçmişte bir ihtiyaca binaen tüketilen şeyin bu gün çok farklı parametreleri ile karşılaşmaktayız. Bu değişimin altında yatan temel sebep toplumsal yapının sürekli bir değişim içerisinde olmasıdır. Bu çalışmada tüketim kültürünü yaşam formları üzerinde bir perspektif ortaya koyan tüketim teorileri ışığında, modern tüketimin gelişim serüveninin bir teorik çerçevesi çizilmiştir.
Tüketim anlayışındaki değişime öncülük eden kent yapılanmasındaki sosyal ve kültürel değişimler kentsel mekân süreçlerine de yansıyarak yeni biçimler kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda tüketim toplumunda önemli bir yeri olan alışveriş merkezlerinin tüketim kültürü bağlamında sosyo-kültürel bir incelemesidir. Bu kapsamda modern tüketimin simgesi olarak kabul edilen AVM’ler tüketimdeki yeri tüketicilere uygulanan anket sonucunda değerlendirilmiştir.
Recent Advances in the Medicinal Chemistry of Antifungal Agents
Authors: Turner W.W. , Rodriguez M. J.
Published: September 2022

The need for new antifungal agents has never been greater. Over the last 10 years the incidence of life-threatening fungal infections has increased dramatically as the population of immunocompromised individuals induding cancer, organ transplant, and AIDS patients has increased. Present therapeutic options for· the treatment of these infections are limited to compounds in two classes, the polyenes and the azoles. Some polyene research still continues with analogs of amphotericin B in the hopes of decreasing toxicity. Much work continues in the azole area with follow-up compounds to
fluconazole and itraconazole in order to expand the spectrum and provide oral and iv formulation potential. A newer class of cell wall active agents that has been developed to the point of seeing clinical candidates is the cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin family. This group has the potential of providing broad spectrum fungicidal activity with a much lower toxicity level than .the current agents. Another newer class of natural products known as the aureobasidins has potent, oral fungicidal activity against Candida spp. Research has continued with the pradimicins to produce several new semisynthetic derivatives with comparable activity and spectrum to the parent compound but with improved water-solubility. Work with the nikkomycin class has delineated points of the SAR but has not produced compounds of sufficient potency for clinical use. The allylamines have been examined further to provide analogs of terbinafine with increased Candida activity but are still most highly potent versus dermatophytes. Several other newer classes with unique mechanisms of action have also been identified.
Effect of sex ratio and age parent to consumption feed, weight eggs and conversion ration on birds quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Hamanay Febrianto Lu , Muharlien Muharlien , Sudjarwo Edhy
Published: September 2022

Birds quail (Coturnix Coturnix japonica) is a type of bird lots of quail maintained in the community have morphology i.e. small body, round and tail short Setyawn, Sudjarwo, Widodo, and Prayogi (2011) stated that bird quail is one community poultry of the genus Coturnix which can be generated as producer eggs and meat. Destination from study this for knowing the effect of sex ratio and age parent to consumption feed, weight eggs, and conversion feed. Method study is test design Random Complete (RAL) pattern factorial with 2 factors, namely factor 1 is Sex Ratio and factor 2 is age parent with every 3 treatments and 3 replications. Research results show the sex ratio does not give influence real on consumption feed, the weight of eggs, and conversion feed. Average consumption feed of 675.63 (g/ head) to 683.61 (g/ head), average weight egg of 11.28 (g/ item) to 11.60 (g/ item), and the average conversion ration of 5.63 to 6.08. Influence to age parent gives influence that is not real to consumption feed, weight eggs, and conversion feed. Average consumption feed as big as 677.17 (g/ head) to 679.74 (g/ head), average weight egg of 11.28 (g/ item) to 11.55 (g/ item), and the average conversion ration of 5.71 (g/ head ) to 5.92 (g/ head ). Interaction balance male-female and age parent no give influence real to consumption feed, weight eggs, and conversion feed. The conclusion from the research is the influence of the balance of male-female and the age of the parent no give influence the consumption of feed, the weight of eggs, and conversion of feed.
Systematization of experimental research results and creation of a database "Radiation processing of agricultural raw materials and food products"
Authors:   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Sarukhanov V.Ya. , Shesterikov A.Yu. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Pomyasova M.G. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kharlamov V.A. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Polyakova I.V. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Karpenko E.I. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology
Published: September 2022

Ensuring food safety is an urgent health concern, especially for immunocompromised consum-ers. Foodborne infections are caused by the consumption of foodstuffs contaminated with pathogenic and opportunistic microflora. This can complicate the combined treatment of cancer and contribute to the clinical manifestation of foodborne infections, especially listeriosis, erysipeloid, and brucellosis. One of the most effective ways to ensure the microbiological safety of food products is the use of radiation treatment. To systematize the literary sources necessary to determine the optimal parameters for the irradiation of different types of food products, it is necessary to create a database. For this, 235 literary sources were selected and analyzed, and the structure of the database was developed. The designed database makes it possible to efficiently query data for the selection of the optimal parameters for antimicrobial treatment of food prod-ucts with ionizing radiation in order to preserve the health of consumers. Also, the database will be a tool for determining the minimum doses required to ensure the basic quality indicators for various types of food products. Analysis of the database showed that radiation treatment in doses of inactivating pathogens of listeriosis, erysipeloid, brucellosis does not reduce the quality of food products and semi-finished products of animal origin. Therefore, such processing is the most optimal way to provide people with immune deficiencies with safe and high-quality food and also allows you to diversify the diet.
Optimization of radiation therapy for tumors: problem of radiation dose fractionation
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Ivanov V.K. , Mardynsky Yu.S. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Menyajlo A.N. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Gogolin D.V. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Gulidov I.A. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Tumanov K.A. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Kashcheeva P.V. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Ivanov S.A. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Kaprin A.D. ,   National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (NMRRC)
Published: September 2022

The problem of optimal fractionation of the radiation dose remains a key one from the standpoint of a possible increase in the effectiveness of radiation therapy. The basic model of clinical radiobiology on the dynamics of tumor growth under radiation exposure taking into account the proportion of dividing and hypoxic cancer cells is considered. Two scenarios for applying radiation loads are compared: uniform fractionation and dynamic fractionation. Under both scenarios, the values of the total radiation doses and the total duration of treatment (50 Gy, 5 weeks) do not change. After carrying out numerical experiments on a computer, it was found that in the regime of dynamic fractionation of the radiation dose, the number of surviving cancer cells is 11 times less than in the regime of uniform fractionation. The result obtained is of fundamental importance in minimizing the number of relapses at the stages of the tumor process T3, T4.