bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrate Reductase and Respiratory Adaptation in
Bacillus stearothermophilus
Authors: Downey R. J.
Published: January 2020

Downey
, R. J. (University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind.). Nitrate reductase and respiratory adaptation in
Bacillus stearothermophilus
. J. Bacteriol.
91:
634–641. 1966.—
Bacillus stearothermophilus
2184 required nitrate to grow in the absence of oxygen. Like many facultative microorganisms, the growth obtained anaerobically was considerably less than that obtained aerobically, even though the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate is, in effect, anaerobic respiration. The ability to reduce nitrate depended on the induction of nitrate reductase. Although oxygen at low levels did not retard induction of the enzyme, enzyme synthesis was considerably lessened by aeration. A semisynthetic medium containing nitrate supported aerobic growth of the thermophile but did not support anaerobic growth. The adaptation to nitrate resulted in a decrease in the level of cytochrome oxidase normally present in aerobically grown cells. Although the aerobic oxidation of succinate by the respiratory enzymes from aerobically grown cells was inhibited by 2-
N
-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-
N
-oxide, the anaerobic oxidation of succinate by nitrate in a similar preparation from nitrate-adapted cells was not. The nitrate reductase in the bacillus was strongly inhibited by cyanide and azide but not by carbon monoxide. The nitrate reductase catalyzed the anaerobic oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and appeared to transfer electrons from cytochrome
b
1
to nitrate. Cytochrome
c
1
did not appear to be involved in the transfer.
Isolation and Characterization of Pyridoxine Auxotrophs of
Escherichia coli
Authors: Dempsey Walter B. , Pachler P. F.
Published: January 2020

Dempsey, Walter
B. (University of Florida, Gainesville),
and P. F. Pachler
. Isolation and characterization of pyridoxine auxotrophs of
Escherichia coli
. J. Bacteriol.
91:
642–645. 1966.—Pyridoxine auxotrophs of
Escherichia coli
B have been consistently produced by a modified penicillin enrichment method. This modified penicillin technique included a 6-hr growth period in the absence of any pyridoxine followed by a 2-hr treatment with penicillin at 1,000 units per ml. Penicillin was removed from these cultures by membrane filtration and the process was repeated. A minimum of three cycles was found necessary to isolate auxotrophs. Different phenotypes within the group of pyridoxine auxotrophs were distinguished by their responses to feeding with the various forms of pyridoxine, as well as by cross-feeding tests. Two auxotrophs were also differentiated by their frequency of reversion to prototrophy. Cross-feeding tests indicated that seven of the phenotypes fed in a linear sequence. These phenotypes had a very low frequency of reversion. The auxotrophs with a high frequency of reversion cross-fed in a linear sequence and fed the first five of the other seven auxotrophs. One of the auxotrophs isolated was a pyridoxal auxotroph.
Contribution of Protein and Lipid Components to the Salt Response of Envelopes of an Extremely Halophilic Bacterium
Authors: Kushner D. J. , Onishi H.
Published: January 2020

Kushner
, D. J. (National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada),
and H. Onishi
. Contribution of protein and lipid components to the salt response of envelopes of an extremely halophilic bacterium. J. Bacteriol.
91:
653–660. 1966.—Removal of protein from envelopes of
Halobacterium cutirubrum
by peptic digestion left residues that required little or no salt for stability. The salt requirement of envelopes was also lowered by incubation in 0.1
m
MgCl
2
, and could be lowered even further by digestion with trypsin or chymotrypsin in 0.1
m
MgCl
2
. Dissolution of envelopes in low salt concentrations made their protein more susceptible to attack by these and other proteolytic enzymes. Removal of lipids raised the requirement for divalent cations, particularly for Mg
++
; it slightly increased the Na
+
requirement and did not affect the requirement for K
+
. It was concluded that the requirement for high salt concentrations in extreme halophiles is due to mutual repulsion between negatively charged groups on proteins rather than to repulsion between negatively charged phosphate groups on the lipids. The latter act primarily as sites on which divalent cations, especially Mg
++
which is required in high concentrations by growing cells, are bound. In this manner, the phosphate groups support envelope structure.
Lethal Action of Ribonuclease for Thermophilic Bacilli
Authors: Thompson T. L. , Shively J. M.
Published: January 2020

Thompson
, T. L. (University of Nebraska, Lincoln),
and J. M. Shively
. Lethal action of ribonuclease for thermophilic bacilli. J. Bacteriol
91:
673–676. 1966.—Exposure of a thermophilic bacillus, NU 47, to 0.2 μg/ml of pancreatic ribonuclease resulted in a drastic reduction of viable cells. The observed lethality is thought to be associated specifically with the ribonuclease, since heat treatment did not diminish activity and the addition of ribonucleic acid to the cells completely eliminated the action of the enzyme. Cells from 2-hr cultures, buffered between
p
H 6.0 and 7.0, were most sensitive. The lethal action was most pronounced when cells were exposed to the enzyme at temperatures between 25 and 45 C. A greater proportion of cells survived at higher temperatures. The release of ultraviolet-absorbing materials into the medium after exposure to enzyme could not be detected.
The Connector Domain of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Large Protein Interacts with the Viral Phosphoprotein
Authors: Gould Joseph R. , Qiu Shihong , Shang Qiao , Ogino Tomoaki , Prevelige Peter E. , Petit Chad M. , Green Todd J.
Published: January 2020

This study represents the first functional assignment of the connector domain of a
Mononegavirales
L protein. Furthermore, this study localizes P polymerase cofactor activity to specific amino acids. The functional necessity of this interaction, combined with the uniqueness of L and P proteins to the order
Mononegavirales
, makes disruption of the P-connector site a potential target for developing antivirals against other negative-strand RNA viruses. Furthermore, the connector domain as an acceptor site for the P protein represents a new understanding of
Mononegavirales
L protein biology.
Expression of CD40L by the ALVAC-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vector Abrogates T Cell Responses in Macaques
Authors: Silva de Castro Isabela , Gordon Shari N. , Liu Jun , Bissa Massimiliano , McKinnon Katherine , Trinh Hung V. , Doster Melvin N. , Schifanella Luca , Liyanage Namal P. , Cao JinChao , Cheng Olivia , Foulds Kathryn , Roederer Mario , Koup Richard A. , Shen Xiaoying , Tomaras Georgia D. , Venzon David J. , Forthal Donald N. , Fouts Timothy , Montefiori David C. , Tartaglia Jim , Rao Mangala , Ostrowski Mario , Franchini Genoveffa , Vaccari Monica
Published: January 2020

CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction is crucial for inducing effective cytotoxic and humoral responses against pathogens. Because of its immunomodulatory function, CD40L has been used to enhance immune responses to vaccines, including candidate vaccines for HIV. The only successful vaccine ever tested in humans utilized a strategy combining canarypox virus-based vector (ALVAC) together with an envelope protein (gp120) adjuvanted in alum. This strategy showed limited efficacy in preventing HIV-1/SIV acquisition in humans and macaques. In both species, protection was associated with vaccine-induced antibodies against the HIV envelope and CD4
+
T cell responses, including type 1 antiviral responses. In this study, we tested whether augmenting CD40L expression by coexpressing it with the ALVAC vector could increase the protective immune responses. Although coexpression of CD40L did increase humoral responses, it blunted type 1 CD4
+
T cell responses against the SIV envelope protein and failed to protect macaques from viral infection.
Quantity of plastic waste input into the ocean from China based on a material flow analysis model
Authors: Bai Mengyu , Li Daoji
Published: January 2020

Marine plastic waste has been an important global environmental issue in recent years, and quantifying the amount of global marine plastic waste input is vital for control and mitigation. However, determining an accurate quantity of oceanic plastics is challenging because comprehensive monitoring data are difficult to obtain on national and global scales. To understand the contribution of China in global marine plastic waste input, we used a material flow analysis (MFA) method, which is included in lifecycle assessment and combines statistical data from China’s official statistics, reports, and NPO (nonprofit organization) to establish an MFA model. The model assesses the lifecycle of plastics, which starts with primary plastic, passes the stage of plastic product, and eventually becomes plastic waste. With the MFA model, the annual amount of plastic waste entering the ocean from China from 2011 to 2020 can be calculated. In 2011, 0.65 million tonnes of plastic waste entered the ocean from China, and the quantity rose slowly until 2016. A rapid decline appeared in 2018 because of China’s governmental managements and the quantity will continue to decrease until 2020. Our results indicate the amount of oceanic plastics has a strong correlation with government control measures.
Effects of Ginsenoside Biopolymer Nanoparticles on the Malignant Behavior of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhou Weizheng , Cai Chengliang , Shi Hui , Jin Hai , Wang Xiaowei
Published: January 2020

Objective. To explore the effects and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 nanoparticles on the malignant behavior of non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods. The nanoparticle carriers were prepared by using an electrostatic system, and the coverage of ginsenoside Rg3 was determined by HPLC after coating the nanoparticle carriers with the ginsenoside Rg3 monomer. The proliferation of H125 cells was measured using MTT assay, and the Transwell assay was used to detect the invasiveness of H125 cells. Cell scratch test was used to determine the migration ability of H125 cells, and Western blotting was used to measure the expression level of PTEN in H125 cells; the expression level of miR-192 in H125 cells was measured via RT-qPCR, and the apoptosis level of H125 cells was detected by Tunel assay. Results. Firstly, gelatin nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid nanoparticles were uniformly distributed, uniform in size and spherical in shape, and after coating ginsenoside Rg3, the sizes of the nanoparticles were significantly increased. Secondly, the expression level of miR-192 was upregulated in H125 cells, which could be effectively inhibited by the treatment of Rg3 monomer and HA-Rg3 nanoparticles. Thirdly, the knockdown of miR-192 significantly inhibited H125 cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and also enhanced H125 cell apoptosis. In addition, PTEN was demonstrated as a target gene of miR-192. Finally, by inhibiting the expression level of miR-192 in H125 cells, the Rg3 monomer and HA-Rg3 nanoparticles upregulated the expression of PTEN and thus exerted its antitumor effect; the effects of HA-Rg3 were comparatively more significant than those of the Rg3 monomer. Conclusions. The Rg3 monomer and HA-Rg3 nanoparticles mitigated the malignant behavior of human non-small-cell lung cancer H125 cells through the miR-192/PTEN molecular axis, and HA-Rg3 nanoparticles showed better antitumor effects.
Successful Treatment for Hypercalcemia due to Cosecretion of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ogawa Takunori , Miyata Jun , Fukunaga Koichi , Kawana Akihiko , Inoue Takashi
Published: January 2020

Hypercalcemia of malignancy frequently manifests as paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with solid tumors. A 71-year-old man was diagnosed with stage IIIB lung squamous cell carcinoma. Laboratory examination revealed high serum calcium concentration with elevated serum parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels. As the patient did not respond to the initial treatment with calcitonin, extracellular fluid infusion, and chemotherapy, systemic prednisolone was administered additionally. Thus, the levels of serum calcium normalized and PTHrP and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreased simultaneously. To our knowledge, this is the first case report on the successful treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy caused by PTHrP and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cosecretion in a patient with lung cancer.
Design and Construction of Ag@MOFs Immobilized PVDF Ultrafiltration Membranes with Anti-bacterial and Antifouling Properties
Authors: Xu Wentao , Zhuang Huaqiang , Xu Zehai , Huang Mianli , Gao Shangchan , Li Qingbiao , Zhang Guoliang
Published: January 2020

In this work, Ag nanoparticle loading Mg(C10H16O4)2(H2O)2(Ag@MOF) composite material was successfully prepared by a facile strategy, and subsequently Ag-MOFs were used to modify the PVDF ultrafiltration membranes to obtain fouling resistance and higher water flux. The as-prepared PVDF membranes were systematically characterized by a series of analytical techniques such as Water Contact Angle (CA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and SEM-mapping. Furthermore, the performance of membranes on antibacterial properties, the pure water flux, and fouling resistance was investigated in detail. Those results showed that the membrane modified by Ag@MOFs containing 30% Ag had the higher anti-bacterial performance, and the clear zone could be increased to 10 mm in comparison with that of blank membrane. Meanwhile, the pure water flux of Ag@MOF membranes increased from 85 L/m2 h to 157 L/m2 h, and the maximum membrane flux recovery rate (FRR) of 95.7% was obtained using SA as pollutant, which is attributed to the introduction of Ag@MOF composite material. Based on the above experimental results, it can be found that the Ag-MOF membranes displayed the excellent antibacterial activity, high water flux, and fine fouling resistance. This work provides a facile strategy to fabricate the Ag@MOFs modified membranes, and it shows an excellent anti-bacterial and water flux performance.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Surgical vs. Percutaneous vs. Hybrid Revascularization in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Residual Myocardial Ischemia and Clinical Outcomes at One Year—Hybrid coronary REvascularization Versus Stenting or Surgery (HREVS)
Authors: Ganyukov Vladimir , Kochergin Nikita , Shilov Aleksandr , Tarasov Roman , Skupien Jan , Szot Wojciech , Kokov Aleksandr , Popov Vadim , Kozyrin Kirill , Barbarash Olga , Barbarash Leonid , Musialek Piotr
Published: January 2020

Aim. Optimal revascularization strategy in multivessel (MV) coronary artery disease (CAD) eligible for percutaneous management (PCI) and surgery remains unresolved. We evaluated, in a randomized clinical trial, residual myocardial ischemia (RI) and clinical outcomes of MV-CAD revascularization using coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR), or MV-PCI. Methods. Consecutive MV-CAD patients (n = 155) were randomized (1 : 1 : 1) to conventional CABG (LIMA-LAD plus venous grafts) or HCR (MIDCAB LIMA-LAD followed by PCI for remaining vessels) or MV-PCI (everolimus-eluting CoCr stents) under Heart Team agreement on equal technical and clinical feasibility of each strategy. SPECT at 12 months (primary endpoint of RI that the trial was powered for; a measure of revascularization midterm efficacy and an independent predictor of long-term prognosis) preceded routine angiographic control. Results. Data are given, respectively, for the CABG, HCR, and MV-PCI arms. Incomplete revascularization rate was 8.0% vs. 7.7% vs. 5.7% (p=0.71). Hospital stay was 13.8 vs. 13.5 vs. 4.5 days (p<0.001), and sick-leave duration was 23 vs. 16 vs. 8 weeks (p<0.001). At 12 months, RI was 5 (2, 9)% vs. 5 (3, 7)% vs. 6 (3, 10)% (median; Q1, Q3) with noninferiority p values of 0.0006 (HCR vs. CABG) and 0.016 (MV-PCI vs. CABG). Rates of angiographic graft stenosis/occlusion or in-segment restenosis were 20.4% vs. 8.2% vs. 5.9% (p=0.05). Clinical target vessel/graft failure occurred in 12.0% vs. 11.5% vs. 11.3% (p=0.62). Major adverse cardiac and cerebral event (MACCE) rate was similar (12% vs. 13.4% vs. 13.2%; p=0.83). Conclusion. In this first randomized controlled study comparing CABG, HCR, and MV-PCI, residual myocardial ischemia and MACCE were similar at 12 months. There was no midterm indication of any added value of HCR. Hospital stay and sick-leave duration were shortest with MV-PCI. While longer-term follow-up is warranted, these findings may impact patient and physician choices and healthcare resources utilization. This trial is registered with NCT01699048.
Berberine Attenuates Hyperglycemia by Inhibiting the Hepatic Glucagon Pathway in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Zhong Ying , Jin Jing , Liu Peiyu , Song Yu , Zhang Hui , Sheng Liang , Zhou Huifang , Jiang Bijie
Published: January 2020

Dysregulated glucagon drives hyperfunction in hepatic glucose output, which is the main cause of persistent hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Berberine (Zhang et al., 2010) has been used as a hypoglycemic agent, yet the mechanism by which BBR inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis remains incompletely understood. In this study, we treated diabetic mice with BBR, tested blood glucose levels, and then performed insulin, glucose lactate, and glucagon tolerance tests. Intracellular cAMP levels in hepatocytes were determined by ELISA, hepatic gluconeogenetic genes were assayed by RT-qPCR, and the phosphorylation of CREB, which is the transcriptional factor controlling the expression of gluconeogenetic genes, was detected by western blot. BBR reduced blood glucose levels, improved insulin and glucose tolerance, and suppressed lactate- and glucagon-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis in ob/ob and STZ-induced diabetic mice. Importantly, BBR blunted glucagon-induced glucose production and gluconeogenic gene expression in hepatocytes, presumably through reducing cAMP, which resulted in the phosphorylation of CREB. By utilizing a cAMP analogue, adenylate cyclase (AC), to activate cAMP synthetase, and an inhibitor of the cAMP degradative enzyme, phosphodiesterase (PDE), we revealed that BBR accelerates intracellular cAMP degradation. BBR reduces the intracellular cAMP level by activating PDE, thus blocking activation of downstream CREB and eventually downregulating gluconeogenic genes to restrain hepatic glucose production.
Evidence according to Cochrane Systematic Reviews on Alterable Risk Factors for Anastomotic Leakage in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Wallace Bradley , Schuepbach Fabia , Gaukel Stefan , Marwan Ahmed I. , Staerkle Ralph F. , Vuille-dit-Bille Raphael N.
Published: January 2020

Anastomotic leakage reflects a major problem in visceral surgery, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. This review is aimed at evaluating and summarizing risk factors for colorectal anastomotic leakage. A generalized discussion first introduces risk factors beginning with nonalterable factors. Focus is then brought to alterable impact factors on colorectal anastomoses, utilizing Cochrane systematic reviews assessed via systemic literature search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Medline until May 2019. Seventeen meta-anaylses covering 20 factors were identified. Thereof, 7 factors were preoperative, 10 intraoperative, and 3 postoperative. Three factors significantly reduced the incidence of anastomotic leaks: high (versus low) surgeon’s operative volume (RR=0.68), stapled (versus handsewn) ileocolic anastomosis (RR=0.41), and a diverting ostomy in anterior resection for rectal carcinoma (RR=0.32). Discussion of all alterable factors is made in the setting of the pre-, intra-, and postoperative influencers, with the only significant preoperative risk modifier being a high colorectal volume surgeon and the only significant intraoperative factors being utilizing staples in ileocolic anastomoses and a diverting ostomy in rectal anastomoses. There were no measured postoperative alterable factors affecting anastomotic integrity.
Online Learning Resources Enhanced Teaching and Learning of Medical Mycology among Medical Students in Gulu University, Uganda
Authors: Bongomin Felix , Erima Bernard , Kwizera Richard , Odongo-Aginya Emmanuel I.
Published: January 2020

Background. The burden of serious fungal diseases has significantly increased in the past few decades; however, the number of health-care workers with expertise in the management of fungal diseases remains low, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to evaluate the use of freely available online teaching material to enhance teaching and learning of medical mycology among medical students in Gulu University Medical School, Uganda. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study among second year medical students undertaking Medical Mycology course on antifungal agents in the department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology in the academic year 2017-2018. The materials were synthesized and peer-reviewed by experts in fungal diseases and were made freely available on the Leading International Fungal Education website (http://www.LIFE-Worldwide.org). A local faculty in the department delivered the lectures, and pre- and posttest scores were evaluated statistically. Results. Sixty medical students participated in the study of which 78% were male. The average score was 41% for the pretest and 52% for the posttest (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the scores of males and females. Majority of the students gave an above-average rating for the course material; however, 54% preferred prerecorded videos. Conclusion. Using freely available online materials on medical mycology can enhance teaching and learning of medical mycology. Because of this, there is need to incorporate up-to-date information about the subject into the curriculums of medical schools especially in LMICs.
O processo de paz em New Gaza
Authors: Ferreira Ana
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo promove uma análise do filme New Gaza (Brasil, 2013), de Rita Martins Tragtenberg, criado a partir de três contos de Jacó Guinsburg, integrantes do livro O que aconteceu, aconteceu (Brasil, 2000). Em New Gaza, Scholem, um judeu ortodoxo, tem a ideia de fabricar bandeiras de Israel e dos Estados Unidos para vender a manifestantes árabes. Mesclando drama, humor e lirismo, o filme aborda o conflito na Faixa de Gaza e retrata a situação dos imigrantes no Brasil. A análise confronta as obras de partida e de chegada, apontando o que foi mantido, alterado e recriado pela cineasta.
Relação entre representação e hábitos alimentares
Authors: Souza Jorge Victor De Araújo
Published: January 2020

Durante a conquista do Novo Mundo, a arte europeia da gravura encontrava-se em seu apogeu. E do mesmo modo que as gravuras chegavam à América, a América ganhava espaço nas pranchas dos gravadores europeus. Os territórios então colonizados forneceram um rico repertório de temáticas aos gravadores. No entanto, obviamente, não só as regiões das Américas foram representadas. Os livros que investigaremos tratam de outras regiões que foram alcançadas na expansão ultramarina europeia na Ásia e na África. Nesse sentido, nossa pesquisa está inserida numa perspectiva do fazer historiográfico que conecta territórios que em geral são estudados de forma isolada. Partimos do pressuposto de que imagens conectavam espaços geográficos, tanto quanto as próprias embarcações.

No livro Um mundo em movimento, Russel-Wood escreveu uma síntese da expansão marítima portuguesa privilegiando o fluxo constante de pessoas, mercadorias, exemplares da fauna e da flora. A historiadora Patricia Seed destacou de forma comparativa a ocupação territorial no Novo Mundo e suas cerimônias de posse como atos identitários, casos como o da leitura do “requerimento” entre os espanhóis, a missa entre os portugueses e o levantar de cercas entre os ingleses. Pesquisas como a de Russel-Wood, Boxer, Seed e, mais recentemente, Diogo Ramada Curto e Serge Gruzinski mostram que a partir de uma perspectiva comparativa as dinâmicas do Mundo Atlântico podem ser melhor compreendidas.

As “quatro partes do mundo” foram iconograficamente representadas sob a forma de alegorias femininas. Em nossa comunicação, analisaremos, em gravuras europeias, os atributos em forma de alimentos que eram relacionados com as respectivas alegorias da Ásia, África e América. Será que se pudessem exercer a autorrepresentação, os nativos do Novo Mundo escolheriam o cacau como um atributo identitário? E os habitantes das “índias orientais”, por sua vez, escolheriam o chá para identificá-los? Em outras palavras, nos interessa identificar os principais alimentos que compunham um vocabulário visual que ajudou a forjar “identidades mundializadas”, e que eram, na verdade, fruto do imaginário colonizador. Para tal, partiremos das reflexões empreendidas por Stuart Hall sobre as relações entre “representação e identidade”, e das proposições de François Hartog sobre enunciados de viajantes e operações de alteridade. O acervo de gravuras que utilizaremos será o Archive of Early American Images da John Carter Brown Library.
A cultura material das práticas de beberagem quilombola e suas contribuições para a cerâmica afro-indígena
Authors: Mascarenhas Mayre Dione Mendes da Silva
Published: January 2020

Este estudo se propõe a compreender as interações entre a materialidade do artesanato, particularmente canecas, jarros e potes, e os sentidos atribuídos ao ato de preparar, consumir e servir a bebida Emu no cotidiano de comunidades quilombolas. Tais interações evidenciam experiências compartilhadas, no sentido de preservar modos de vida ancestral, bem como a cultura local, configurando-se como prática educativa, na qual saberes relacionados às técnicas da cerâmica são produzidos e transmitidos entre os membros das comunidades. Focaliza-se na pesquisa a bebida sagrada Emu, de origem africana com interseção com a cultura indígena, produzida nas comunidades quilombolas de África e Laranjituba, localizadas na cidade de Abaetetuba, Pará. A produção do Emu é uma tradição de aproximadamente 300 anos, feita a partir da mistura das ervas coletadas na mata. A bebida passa por um ritual de consagração, considerado por eles sagrado, e, somente após esse processo, estará pronta para ser utilizada em rituais de cura e também em festividades. A cultura material que perpassa as práticas de beberagem evoca questionamentos que impulsionaram esta pesquisa, a saber: como a fabricação do Emu impulsionou os saberes relacionadas à produção da cerâmica? Como a cerâmica utilitária é compreendida como patrimônio material quilombola? O percurso metodológico escolhido segue o estudo etnográfico e arqueológico, sendo os artefatos as pistas a serem seguidas do modo de beber de povos da diáspora africana em interseção com os indígenas. Tanto a tradição de fabricar e consumir o Emu quanto a tradição de fazer a cerâmica contribuem para a geração de renda e também para a coesão social da comunidade ao fortalecer os vínculos culturais e identitários, assim como apontam o encontro da cultura indígena com a cultura africana na Amazônia. As sociabilidades centradas na produção e no consumo de bebidas fermentadas entre as populações indígenas são conhecidas desde muito tempo; há relatos e documentos da história oficial e registro de consumo da beberagem como uma prática cultural amplamente disseminada entre os indígenas no Brasil colonial, de acordo com Maria Betânia B. Albuquerque. No entanto, ao que se refere às populações quilombolas na Amazônia, ainda há poucos estudos sobre tais práticas, principalmente se pensadas enquanto processos educativos em interface com a Antropologia e com a História Cultural. Este fato aponta a perspectiva de atualização desse campo de pesquisa, no sentido de ampliar os estudos já realizados até aqui sobre beberagens. Ao descrever a cultura material que envolve a fabricação do Emu, esta pesquisa visa contribuir com os estudos no campo da história cultural, apoiada nas teorias de Peter Burke, de Tim Ingold, com educação da atenção, de saberes culturais de Maria Betânia B. Albuquerque, entre outros.
Microvascular Disease in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Gerges Christian , Gerges Mario , Friewald Richard , Fesler Pierre , Dorfmüller Peter , Sharma Smriti , Karlocai Kristof , Skoro-Sajer Nika , Jakowitsch Johannes , Moser Bernhard , Taghavi Shahrokh , Klepetko Walter , Lang Irene M.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the gold standard treatment for patients with operable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. However, persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) after PEA remains a major determinant of poor prognosis. A concomitant small-vessel arteriopathy in addition to major pulmonary artery obstruction has been suggested to play an important role in the development of persistent PH and survival after PEA. One of the greatest unmet needs in the current preoperative evaluation is to assess the presence and severity of small-vessel arteriopathy. Using the pulmonary artery occlusion technique, we sought to assess the presence and degree of small-vessel disease in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension undergoing PEA to predict postoperative outcome before surgery.

Methods:

Based on pulmonary artery occlusion waveforms yielding an estimate of the effective capillary pressure, we partitioned pulmonary vascular resistance in larger arterial (upstream resistance [R

up

]) and small arterial plus venous components (downstream resistance) in 90 patients before PEA. For validation, lung wedge biopsies were taken from nonobstructed and obstructed lung territories during PEA in 49 cases. Biopsy sites were chosen according to the pulmonary angiogram still frames that were mounted in the operating room. All vessels per specimen were measured in each patient. Percent media (%MT; arteries) and intima thickness (%IT; arteries, veins, and indeterminate vessels) were calculated relative to external vessel diameter.

Results:

Decreased R

up

was an independent predictor of persistent PH (odds ratio per 10%, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.23–0.69];
P
=0.001) and survival (hazard ratio per 10%, 0.03 [95% CI, 0.00–0.33];
p
=0.004). Arterial %MT and %IT of nonobstructed lung territories and venous %IT of obstructed lung territories were significantly increased in patients with persistent PH and nonsurvivors. R

up

correlated inversely with %MT (
r
=–0.72,
P
<0.001) and %IT (
r
=–0.62,
P
<0.001) of arteries from nonobstructed lung territories and with %IT (
r
=–0.44,
P
=0.024) of veins from obstructed lung territories. Receiver operating characteristic analysis disclosed that R

up

<66% predicted persistent PH after PEA, whereas R

up

<60% identified patients with poor prognosis after PEA.

Conclusions:

Pulmonary artery occlusion waveform analysis with estimation of R

up

seems to be a valuable technique for assessing the degree of small-vessel disease and postoperative outcome after PEA in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Improved Survival With Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Despite Progressive Metabolic Derangement Associated With Prolonged Resuscitation
Authors: Bartos Jason A. , Grunau Brian , Carlson Claire , Duval Sue , Ripeckyj Adrian , Kalra Rajat , Raveendran Ganesh , John Ranjit , Conterato Marc , Frascone Ralph J. , Trembley Alexander , Aufderheide Tom P. , Yannopoulos Demetris
Published: January 2020

Background:

The likelihood of neurologically favorable survival declines with prolonged resuscitation. However, the ability of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) to modulate this decline is unknown. Our aim was to examine the effects of resuscitation duration on survival and metabolic profile in patients who undergo ECPR for refractory ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated survival in 160 consecutive adults with refractory ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated with the University of Minnesota (UMN) ECPR protocol (transport with ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for ECPR) compared with 654 adults who had received standard CPR in the amiodarone arm of the ALPS trial (Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo Study). We evaluated the metabolic changes and rate of survival in relation to duration of CPR in UMN-ECPR patients.

Results:

Neurologically favorable survival was significantly higher in UMN-ECPR patients versus ALPS patients (33% versus 23%;
P
=0.01) overall. The mean duration of CPR was also significantly longer for UMN-ECPR patients versus ALPS patients (60 minutes versus 35 minutes;
P
<0.001). Analysis of the effect of CPR duration on neurologically favorable survival demonstrated significantly higher neurologically favorable survival for UMN-ECPR patients compared with ALPS patients at each CPR duration interval <60 minutes; however, longer CPR duration was associated with a progressive decline in neurologically favorable survival in both groups. All UMN-ECPR patients with 20 to 29 minutes of CPR (8 of 8) survived with neurologically favorable status compared with 24% (24 of 102) of ALPS patients with the same duration of CPR. There were no neurologically favorable survivors in the ALPS cohort with CPR ≥40 minutes, whereas neurologically favorable survival was 25% (9 of 36) for UMN-ECPR patients with 50 to 59 minutes of CPR and 19% with ≥60 minutes of CPR. Relative risk of mortality or poor neurological function was significantly reduced in UMN-ECPR patients with CPR duration ≥60 minutes. Significant metabolic changes included decline in pH, increased lactic acid and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and thickened left ventricular wall with prolonged professional CPR.

Conclusions:

ECPR was associated with improved neurologically favorable survival at all CPR durations <60 minutes despite severe progressive metabolic derangement. However, CPR duration remains a critical determinate of survival.
Smoking Status and Functional Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Matsuo Ryu , Ago Tetsuro , Kiyuna Fumi , Sato Noriko , Nakamura Kuniyuki , Kuroda Junya , Wakisaka Yoshinobu , Kitazono Takanari ,   on behalf of the Fukuoka Stroke Registry Investigators
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—

Smoking is an established risk factor for stroke; however, it is uncertain whether prestroke smoking status affects clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke. This study aimed to elucidate the association between smoking status and functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—

Using a multicenter hospital-based stroke registry in Japan, we investigated 10 825 patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized between July 2007 and December 2017 who had been independent before stroke onset. Smoking status was categorized into those who had never smoked (nonsmokers), former smokers, and current smokers. Clinical outcomes included poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≥2) and functional dependence (modified Rankin Scale score 2–5) at 3 months. We adjusted for potential confounding factors using a logistic regression analysis.

Results—

The mean age of patients was 70.2±12.2 years, and 37.0% were women. There were 4396 (42.7%) nonsmokers, 3328 (32.4%) former smokers, and 2561 (24.9%) current smokers. The odds ratio (95% CI) for poor functional outcome after adjusting for confounders increased in current smokers (1.29 [1.11–1.49] versus nonsmokers) but not in former smokers (1.05 [0.92–1.21] versus nonsmokers). However, among the former smokers, the odds ratio of poor functional outcome was higher in those who quit smoking within 2 years of stroke onset (1.75 [1.15–2.66] versus nonsmokers). The risk of poor functional outcome tended to increase as the number of daily cigarettes increased in current smokers (
P
for trend=0.002). All these associations were maintained for functional dependence.

Conclusions—

Current and recent smoking is associated with an increased risk of unfavorable functional outcomes at 3 months after acute ischemic stroke.

Registration—

URL:
http://www.fukuoka-stroke.net/english/index.html
. Unique identifier: 000000800.
A new genus of the tribe Issini Spinola (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae) from China
Authors: CHE YANLI , ZHANG YALIN , WANG YINGLUN
Published: January 2020

Pseudochoutagus curvativus, a new genus and species of Issidae (Hemiptera) is described based on specimens from Hainan, China. The genus is compared to the superficially similar genus Choutagus Zhang, Wang and Che.
New species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae), with a key for the species of the megacantha clade
Authors: NORRBOM ALLEN L. , KORYTKOWSKI CHESLAVO A.
Published: January 2020

Thirteen new species of Anastrepha are described and illustrated: A. anopla (Brazil, Ecuador), A. grandicarina (Brazil,Ecuador, Perú), A. hadracantha (Ecuador), A. haplacantha (Ecuador), A. hyperacantha (Ecuador), A. inaequalis (Trini-dad), A. intermedia (Panamá), A. lopezi (Guatemala), A. macracantha (Ecuador), A. magnicurva (Ecuador, Perú), A. neo-gigantea (Ecuador, Venezuela), A. peneramosa (Perú), and A. stangei (Venezuela). A key for the species of the megacantha clade is provided. Pouteria buenaventurensis (Sapotaceae) is reported as a host plant for A. intermedia.
Review of the tribe Anerastiini (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) from Ukraine
Authors: BIDZILYA OLEKSIY , BUDASHKIN YURIY , YEPISHIN VIKTOR
Published: January 2020

Five species of the tribe Anerastiini from Ukraine are reviewed. Coenochroa ablutella (Zeller, 1839) is reported from Ukraine for the first time. Hypsotropa limbella Zeller, 1848 is removed from the list of Pyralidae of Ukraine as it was based on a misidentification. Five new synonyms are established: Hafisia Amsel, 1950 syn. nov. of Zophodiodes Ragonot, 1887; Hafisia lundbladi Amsel, 1950 syn. nov. of Zophodiodes leucocostella Ragonot, 1887; Anerastia korbi Caradja, 1910 syn. nov. of Coenochroa ablutella (Zeller, 1839), Anerastia dubia Gerasimov, 1928 syn. nov. of Anerastia lotella (Hübner, [1813]), Peoria palaearctella (Turati, 1917) syn. nov. of Peoria incarnata (Staudinger, 1879) comb. nov. The females of C. ablutella and Z. leucocostella are described for the first time. Adults and genitalia are re-described and illustrated for all species.
Clidicus minilankanus sp. n., with notes on remaining Sri Lankan Clidicus species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: January 2020

Until now, four species of Clidicus Laporte were found in Sri Lanka, three known from female specimens only. Clidicus minilankanus sp. n., is described, and compared to all remaining sympatric congeners. The Sri Lankan species may form a monophyletic group characterized by several morphological oddities: the head only slightly impressed posteromedially, with a large portion of vertex and frons not divided longitudinally; the pronotum quadrangular and flattened, with vestigial or absent posterior ‘collar’, and the transverse groove that demarcates it from the disc lacking pits or even entirely or partly obliterated; and the metaventrite strongly shortened, so that meso- and metacoxae are nearly adjacent. These characters may justify resurrecting Erineus Walker, a junior synonym of Clidicus (proposed for the first described Sri Lankan species, C. monstrosus (Walker)), as a valid name for a subgenus. This problem must be addressed by a phylogenetic analysis of all Clidicus species, to establish evolutionary relationships within this interesting genus.
In Situ Osteochondral Regeneration by Controlled Release of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Chemokine from Injectable Biomaterials: A Preclinical Evaluation in Animal Model
Authors: Chen Huali , He Dengwei , Zhu Ye , Yu Weiyang , Ramalingam Murugan , Wu Zhongwei
Published: January 2020

Osteochondral defect (OD) refers to damage in the area of articular cartilage extended to the subchondral bone, affecting millions of people worldwide. In situ osteochondral tissue engineering approach, which aims to activate the body's native stem cells and recruit them to the
defective site by utilizing biomaterials, has become a potential strategy for repairing focal chondral lesions. However, due to the lack of cell-instructive potential, most of the biomaterials fail to recruit stem cells from the host environment and trigger the cellular and molecular functions
necessary for tissue regeneration. In this study, the authors report a new formulation of injectable biomaterial system, based on stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres loaded chitosan-gelatin (CS-GEL) composite hydrogel system
(SDF-1/CS-GEL@PLGA), with the aim of imparting in situ cell-instructive and osteochondral tissue regenerative potential. The osteochondral regenerative potential of SDF-1/CS-GEL@PLGA was studied in rabbit as a model animal and the results were compared with the CS-GEL@PLGA without the
SDF-1. The results of this study showed that the CS-GEL@PLGA hydrogel had better gelation time and longer release cycle (>30 days) than the CS-GEL. In addition, SDF-1/CS-GEL@PLGA hydrogels promoted the repair of osteochondral defects in rabbits within 12 weeks as compared to the CS-GEL@PLGA
hydrogels. Therefore, based on the experimental data, SDF-1/CS-GEL@PLGA hydrogel is a promising injectable biomaterial system for osteochondral repair and regeneration.
Upsurge of malaria transmission after indoor residual spraying withdrawal in Atacora region in Benin, West Africa
Authors: Aïkpon Rock Yves , Padonou Gil , Dagnon Fortuné , Ossè Razaki , Ogouyemi Hounto Aurore , Tokponon Filémon , Aïkpon Gorgias , Lyikirenga Laurent , Akogbéto Martin
Published: January 2020

Background

In Benin, malaria vector control mostly relies on long-lasting, insecticidal-treated bed nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) operations. From 2011 to 2016, an IRS programme has been implemented in Atacora region. However, in 2017 the programme was withdrawn from two other regions in the northern part of the country, with hopes that gains would be relatively sustained because of the seasonality of malaria transmission. What would be the vulnerability of populations to malaria after the withdrawal of IRS?

Methods

Monthly mosquito collections were performed through human landing captures (HLCs) for 24 months (from January to December 2016 during the last IRS campaign, and from January to December 2018, 2 years after the withdrawal of IRS). Vector mosquitoes biting density was sampled by HLC and was tested for presence of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. The carcass of these mosquitoes (abdomens, wing, legs) were subjected to molecular species identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays.

Results

It is noticed a drastic increase (~ 3 times higher) of vector abundance after the withdrawal of IRS. Mosquito biting rates in the 3 survey districts increased significantly after IRS was withdrawn. In 2018, after IRS cessation a significant increase of entomological inoculation rate was recorded, where each inhabitant received an average of 94.9 infected bites/year to 129.21 infected bites/year against an average of 17.15 infected bites/year to 24.82 infected bites/year in 2016.

Conclusion

It is obvious that the withdrawal of IRS confers a vulnerability of the population with regard to the malaria transmission. Robust monitoring is needed to better understand when and where IRS should be most adequate, or can be safely withdrawn. In case of withdrawal, adapted accompanying measures should be proposed according to the context not only to maintain the gains capitalized with IRS, but also to avoid any rebound of transmission.
Effects of long non-coding RNA Gm14461 on pain transmission in trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Xu Mu , Yan Yi , Zhu Mengye , Wang Zhijian , Zhang Xuexue , Zhang Daying
Published: January 2020

Background

This study aims to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA Gm14461 in regulating pain transmission in trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The mouse TN model was produced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). The values of mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) were measured to assess the nociception of mice at different times after CCI-ION surgery (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 d). The primary mouse trigeminal ganglion neurons (TGNs) were isolated from C57BL/6 J mice and treated with TNF-α to mimic a TN cellular model. The expression of Gm14461, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was examined using qRT-PCR. The protein levels of CGRP and P2X3/7 receptor were measured using western blot.

Results

Gm14461 expression was increased in trigeminal ganglia (TGs) of TN mice on the operation side. Furthermore, Gm14461 knockdown in TGs increased, whereas Gm14461 overexpression decreased MWT in TN mice. Moreover, Gm14461 knockdown downregulated, whereas Gm14461 overexpression upregulated mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and protein levels of CGRP and P2X3/7 receptor in TGs from TN mice. In vitro assay showed that Gm14461 was upregulated by TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Additionally, Gm14461 knockdown decreased protein levels of CGRP and P2X3/7 receptor in TNF-α-treated TGNs, whereas Gm14461 overexpression exerted the opposite effect.

Conclusion

Gm14461 promoted pain transmission (reduced MWT value) in a CCI-ION-induced mouse TN model. The underlying mechanisms might involve the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, CGRP and P2X3/7 receptor.
Axicabtagene ciloleucel CD19 CAR-T cell therapy results in high rates of systemic and neurologic remissions in ten patients with refractory large B cell lymphoma including two with HIV and viral hepatitis
Authors: Abbasi Ahmed , Peeke Stephen , Shah Nishi , Mustafa Jennat , Khatun Fariha , Lombardo Amanda , Abreu Michelly , Elkind Richard , Fehn Karen , de Castro Alyssa , Wang Yanhua , Derman Olga , Nelson Randin , Uehlinger Joan , Gritsman Kira , Sica R. Alejandro , Kornblum Noah , Mantzaris Ioannis , Shastri Aditi , Janakiram Murali , Goldfinger Mendel , Verma Amit , Braunschweig Ira , Bachier-Rodriguez Lizamarie
Published: January 2020

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel) is a CD-19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell therapy approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We treated ten patients with DLBCL post-FDA approval in an inner-city tertiary center in the Bronx. Eight patients (80%) had received ≥ 3 lines of therapy, six patients had received prior radiation, and seven had recurrent disease after prior autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHCT). Our cohort included one patient with HIV, two patients with hepatitis B, and two patients with CNS involvement of lymphoma. Axi-cel treatment led to significant responses with 8/10 patients achieving a complete remission at 3 months, including both patients with prior CNS involvement. The treatment was generally well tolerated with 20% of patients experiencing grade ≥ 2 CRS. One patient each with HIV and hepatitis B responded without significant toxicities. In conclusion, Axi-cel led to significant efficacy with manageable toxicity in DLBCL in a real-world setting.