Performance analysis of matched field processing localization with various line array configurations based on normal mode decomposition
Authors: Jia Yu-Qing  , Su Lin  , Guo Sheng-Ming  , Ma Li  ,   Key Laboratory of Underwater Environment, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;,   Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;,   University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
Published: December 2020

Various line array configurations are evaluated for the source localization performance based on the analysis of mode decomposition matrix in this paper. The guideline of array shape design focuses on improving the localization performance of matched filed processing, meanwhile reducing the difficulty of deploying equipment in practical experiments. In the shallow water environment, when the environment is well known, the source localization result can be obtained by matched field processing algorithms effectively, but the source localization performance is affected by the array parameters, such as array length, the number of sensors, and the configurations of various horizontal and vertical line arrays. The modal decomposition method provides a useful insight into the questions of how many modes are needed and how to design the array to resolve the modes. Therefore, the method of utilizing a normal mode acoustic propagation model to decompose mode is proposed by vertical line array, horizontal line array and combined array respectively. Then we can evaluate the source localization performance of various line array configurations by studying the characteristic of normal mode decomposition matrix, thus establishing a qualitative or even quantitative relationship between each other. The more the normal mode decomposition matrix tends to be diagonalized, the better performance of line array localization will be obtained. Simulation results show that the localization performance of matched field processing with the combined arrays will be severely degraded when the mode amplitudes cannot be accurately deduced by one of the sub-arrays. Considering the requirements for the practical experiments and various environments, the source localization performance of short vertical line array and combined array are mainly discussed in this paper. The combined array can increase the azimuth and depth information of the source and realize three-dimensional target detection while the vertical array provides range-depth information and the horizontal array provides bearing information. Simulation result indicates that the design guidelines based on the normal mode decomposition are appropriate for arrays employed for matched filed processing. Meanwhile, the combined arrays perform better than the short vertical array, which is benefited by the horizontal array's suppressing the side lobes, which leads the ratio of peak to sidelobe to increase, and thus improving the location accuracy. The values of localization accuracy of combined arrays are all above 90% according to the simulation experiment. Take the practical application into account, the combined array is undoubtedly a compromise choice for the localization performance and the test complexity.