bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Employees’ Turnover at Unilever Corporation in Nigeria
Authors: Chiedu Chiemeke Kingsley , Long Choi Sang , Ashar Hapriza BT
Published: July 2017

Employee turnover has become a key performance indicator for many organizations as they struggle to retain talented employees. The negative impact of turnover on organizational performance has continually forced organizational leaders to seek better ways of retaining valuable employees. The relationship between man and work has always attracted the attention of philosophers. A major part of men’s life is spent at work. Work is social reality and social expectation to which men seem to conform. It not only provides status to the individual but also binds him to the society. An employee who is satisfied with his job would perform his duties well and be committed to his job, and subsequently to his organization. This paper examines relationship among job satisfaction, organizational commitment and employees’ turnover intentions at Unilever Corporation in Nigeria. The data for this study was collected from 117 employees currently working at Unilever Nigeria PLC using the survey method via the questionnaire. Pearson Correlation and the multiple regression analysis techniques using the SPSS version 22.0 was used for the data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that both job satisfaction and organizational commitment have significant negative relationship with employee turnover intentions. In addition, organizational commitment was revealed to have a more dominant influence on employee turnover intentions than job satisfaction. Based on these findings, the implications, recommendations, practice, and theory were discussed.
The Role of Knowledge in Computer Collaborative Learning Research
Authors: De Nardis Evelina
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper is to describe the most significant theoretical frameworks concerning Computer Collaborative Learning Research (CSCL) on the light of Web 2.0 supports. The term Web 2.0 embraces a range of ‘social’ technologies and tools that enable users to create, publish and share digital contents within both new and existing social networks. Technologies such as blogs, wikis, podcasts and file sharing services are increasingly being used to support learning and teaching within the higher education sector (see Hughes, 2009; Kennedy et al., 2009). The implications of collaborative interactions within the socio-constructivism approach are examined. Harasim (2012) defines online collaborative learning as characterized by interactive group knowledge-building processes. This aspect implies that students participate actively by monitoring different levels of learning while they are collaborating with teacher and pairs. The computer supported collaborative learning research (CSCL) community focus on the role of technology considered as a tool through which students and teacher make sense of the world and negotiate meaning. Many researches about CSCL environments concerns the role of teacher in allowing social and significant interactions among all group members. Three factors drive the change from teacher-centered to centered learning approach, the shift from individual to group learning and from contiguous to asynchronous distributed learning groups. All of these aspects imply changes in educational institutions based on social construction of knowledge and competence-based learning. Through the years of competence based approaches have proved to be a critical tool in human resources management and computer collaborative research.
Comparison Group
Authors: Delialioğlu Ömer , Çelik Berkan , Ataş Amine Hatun
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is to compare course engagement for vocational education students who enrolled in the Cisco Networking Academy (CNA) courses and who took the network courses from the standard vocational education curriculum in Turkey. The comparison group was established in a way that students in both groups had very similar characteristics. The data were collected using a survey throughout 2 separate school years. The participants are 2793 vocational education students (Cisco Group=1373, Non-Cisco Group=1420). Engagement was measured with 7 constructs, which are active learning, collaborative learning, interaction with instructor, student effort, feedback, satisfaction, and personal development. The instruments were validated through a series of instrument validation steps. First, the original items in the instruments were reviewed by a panel of experts, and then a pilot test was conducted on high school students. A factor analysis was run to identify items grouped under the same construct and unrelated items were removed from the survey. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Independent Samples t Tests after satisfying necessary assumptions. The results indicated that Cisco students in both years of the study scored higher than non-Cisco students in all engagement constructs. All differences were significant between Cisco and non-Cisco students. Comparing within the student groups, Cisco students showed somewhat consistent picture in both years. With the exception of active learning, collaboration, and satisfaction, all measured constructs were in similar scores whereas non-Cisco students showed significant decreases on all engagement constructs. What factors might be influential on engagement and implementations are discussed.
Determining Positions of Countries’ According to Happy Planet Index Via Multidimensional Scaling
Authors: Gürsakal Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sevda , Murat Asist. Prof. Dr. Dilek
Published: July 2017

Happy Planet Index (HPI), which was first used by New Economic Foundation (NEF) in 2006 tells us how successful nations are in supporting their inhabitants to lead good lives while ensuring that next generations can do the same (sustainable well-being for all) in the future HPI is one of the first measures of sustainable well-being used worldwide. It uses global data on experienced well-being, life expectancy, and ecological footprint to produce an index showing which countries are best at offering long and happy lives for their inhabitants while maintaining the same conditions for future generations so that they can do the same. In this study multidimensional scaling analysis was used to examine countries’ similarities and differences using the indicators contained in the 2016 happy planet index database. Additionally, Turkey's position relative to other countries was determined and interpreted according to their multidimensional position.
Developing a Multidimensional University Student Social Stress Scale
Authors: Flynn Deborah
Published: July 2017

The transition from high school to university can be an especially difficult one for students in the Y or Millennial generation. Over the last several years there has been an increase in reported levels of stress and associated health concerns by students (Bland et al., 2012; Oswalt - Riddock, 2007; Pritchard et al., 2007). As a result, researchers strive to measure stress, and isolate the determinants of stress, however many of the existing inventories are outdated. This study is part of a larger study to develop a Multidimensional Scale which will identify those domains which appear to be the sources of stress for university students. Data was collected from 134 males, and 484 females. The full questionnaire included 127 items in total intending to measure different variables which contribute to university student stress; all questions were measured on a five point Likert scale. Survey items related to social stressors were analyzed using a reliability analysis and a factor analysis in SPSS. Additionally, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed using AMOS. Four factors resulted from this analysis and explained 40.96% of the variance in the scores. They were; peer stress (23.89%), lack of confidence (8.12%), parent stress (5.07%) and romance stress (3.9%). These scores on their own were a good determination of four factors which all serve to contribute to overall student social stress.
Entrepreneurial Education: A Systematic Review of Undergraduate University Entrepreneurial Studies in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Davis D. E.
Published: July 2017

Entrepreneurial education (EE), globally, has been a rapidly growing field of study. In Ontario, Canada, we have experienced both a growth and a maturation of undergraduate entrepreneurship education. This systematic review of undergraduate entrepreneurial education (EE) in Ontario will provide a mapping of this field of study. This review will be conducted through a two-stage process. Research indicates that the quality of entrepreneurial activity is important in the economic vitality of communities, regions and countries (Florida, 2002). In Canada and Ontario, government policy trends support providing entrepreneurial education, as well as supporting entrepreneurs, especially youth entrepreneurs. The result of this reviewing process reveals the breadth of entrepreneurial education, as well as the various tangents of related studies.
Europe's Orientalist Approach: Turkey-Europe Union Relations "Refugee" Problem
Authors: Akkaya Aysun Yaralı
Published: July 2017

In this article, the immigration and protective policies carried out for asylum by Europe, has been discussed with the understanding of orientalism. Orientalism which is developed by western countries in order to understand the east, is also anther way to define themselves by an otherization perspective. EU countries remained insensitive and inadequate to the migration due to the çivil war in Syria. As a member of non-western civilization, Syrian refugees are seen as a threat to the sacred values of modern Europe. By the agreements signed by Turkey and EU, refugees are removed from the borders of Europe and are held within Turkey’s borders. EU has commented on refugee problem within this approach and have shaped the position of Turkey.
Appraisal and Hints on “Career Paths” Series, Esp Engineering Books Developed at Put of Tirana
Authors: Vrapi Fatmir , Frashëri PHD Edita
Published: July 2017

The moment you settle down to write and travel into the ESP world, ESP book-series, you are apt to encounter and get startled from the most commonly used “ESP words”, such as ESP course, students’ needs, study skills, language skills and many more. But the scope of academic debate and appraisal on ESP domain and textbooks exceeds and runs beyond the range of technical terms and technicalities. Like the ESP evolving world, ESP University Teachers are frequently puzzled and empowered by the genuine question and fact whether they are sufficiently qualified and technically competent to teach in ESP courses. This paper reviews points of appraisal and hints arising from the adoption and teaching situations in a “technical university media”, like Polytechnic University of Tirana. In view of the above, we strive to highlight and pinpoint at certain moments of teaching and learning experiences together with the outcomes. Similarly, through this paper we try to introduce several additional steps and specific hints with the focus on a more detailed picture and manner, by regarding these textbooks in an evaluative approach, and practically integrated skills; because ESP teachers need to develop and display a pioneering spirit of teaching activities and practice, into the ESP Realm.
The Examination of Organizational Commitment and Interaction of Cyberslacking for Employees in the Public Sector
Authors: Köleoğlu Nilay
Published: July 2017

Internet has been an important factor in our experience about ‘Information Age’ and it has been the hallmark of the current era. As in all fields, in the public sphere the usage of the internet is gradually increasing. It is easier to overcome the bureaucratic obstacles thanks to the use of the internet in the public domain. Nearly 3,5 million public employees are on duty in Turkey from 2016. Public employees in Turkey is an important channel in terms of internet usage. Internet usage has resulted the formation of new concepts. One of this new concepts is the concept of ‘cyberslacking’. The concept of cyberslacking defined as employees wasting their time while work in their workplace, appeared as if doing business in computers that used for business purposes, via the internet and computer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cyberslacking with organizational commitment. For this purpose data collection methods was used two different scales including the scale of organizational commitment and the scale of cyberslacking. Face to face survey was conducted for 254 public employees who are working in the city of Canakkale in Turkey by using Judgemental Sampling.
The Characteristics of Discourse in Pocapan Gara-Gara (a Case Study of Tristuti Rahmadi Suryasaputra’s Scripts)
Authors: Suratno Suratno
Published: July 2017

The use of the Javanese language in the discourse of pocapan gara-gara (DPG) by Tristuti Rahmadi Suryasaputra includes various linguistic tools, namely: (1) The use of informal means for communication goals as to be attractive and comprehensible and so that the messages conveyed are easily captured by the audience. This encourages the presence of code mixing, interference, linguistic elements, and the shortened forms; (2) The situational aspect, which includes the speaker, hearer, situation, and the choice of topic, which in turn consists of social, moral educational, cultural, and political topics. The goal of the utterances in DPG is to convey social criticism, to give suggestions and reminders to the hearer (H), and to present satirical remarks about current or actual events.
The Trickster’s Transformation – from Africa to America
Authors: Vajić Nataša
Published: July 2017

One of the most favorite characters in many African myths and folk tales is definitely a trickster. As a part of the African cultural heritage, the trickster has an important place in the cultures of many African nations. He is an entertainer, teacher, judge and a sage. Many comic aspects of life are brought together through the trickster, as well as serious social processes. He rewards and punishes. He is a deity and an ordinary man, if not an animal. During the Middle Passage Era he goes along with his suffering people to the New World. New circumstances require him to change and assume new forms. He has to be a rebel and a protector of his people due to slavery and violation of human rights. So, from comical spider and monkey back in Africa, we now have new characters such as Railroad Bill, Brother John, Br’er Rabbit and many hoodoo doctors. African oral tradition is transformed and becomes the basis for African-American literature.
Discursive Practices and Teaching Mediation to Support Learning in Mathematics and Italian in Primary School from Fenix Program
Authors: Maccario Daniela
Published: July 2017

In order to define teaching principles to be adopted to support learning in Mathematics and Italian in primary school classes starting from the use of Fenix Program, the research was aimed at increasing the knowledge base available through the recognition of good teaching practices from the point of view of teachers in the form of professional routines. In a previous article (Maccario, 2016) we described some findings on the criteria that you can follow in the development of teaching sequences. This article presents a further order of the results concerning the dialogic-discursive structures that represent an important dimension of teaching mediation in accordance with the operational perspective of teachers. Also in this case it is phenomenology which refers to the practical knowledge as a source to be exploited for the construction of teaching principles and scientifically based knowledge in Didactics.
Origins of the Latin American Nationalist Media Discourse
Authors: Cand. PhD. Cand. Yuliya Goshkina
Published: July 2017

The article deals with the process of formation, development, and manifestation of the distinctive features of a phenomenon called Latin American nationalism and its reflections in the local print media. This theme was chosen because of author's scientific interests related to the study of the nationalist media discourse and specific strategies of political communication presented in contemporary Latin America. In this paper, the author analyzes causes of Latin American nationalism of historical, philosophical and geopolitical positions, describes the process of its gradual transformation and names its standard markers.
Legal and Institutional Functionality in the Protection of Women – Victims of Domestic Violence in the Republic of Macedonia – Present Situation and Future Perspectives
Authors: Professor Zorica Saltirovska , Professor Sunchica Dimitrijoska
Published: July 2017

Gender-based violence is a form of discrimination that prevents women from enjoying the rights and liberties on an equal level with men. Inevitably, domestic violence shows the same trend of victimizing women to such a degree that the term “domestic violence” is increasingly becoming synonymous with “violence against women”. The Istanbul Convention defines domestic violence as "gender-based violence against women", or in other words "violence that is directed against a woman because she is a woman or that affects women disproportionately." The situation is similar in the Republic of Macedonia, where women are predominantly victims of domestic violence. However, the Macedonian legal framework does not define domestic violence as gender-based violence, and thus it does not define it as a specific form of discrimination against women. The national legislation stipulates that victims are to be protected in both a criminal and a civil procedure, and the Law on Prevention and Protection from Domestic Violence determines the actions of the institutions and civil organizations in the prevention of domestic violence and the protection of victims. The system for protection of victims of domestic violence closely supports the Law on Social Protection and the Law on Free Legal Aid, both of which include provisions on additional assistance for women victims of domestic violence. However, the existing legislation has multiple deficiencies and does not allow for a greater efficacy in implementing the prescribed measures for the protection of victims of domestic violence. For this reason, as well as due to the inconsistent implementation of legal solutions of this particular issue, the civil sector is constantly expressing their concern about the increasingly wider spread of domestic violence against women and about the protection capabilities at their disposal. The lack of recognition of all forms of gender-based violence, the trivial number of criminal sentences against persons who perform acts of domestic violence, the insufficient support offered to victims – including victim shelters, legal assistance, and counseling, and the lack of systematic databases on domestic violence cases on a national level, are a mere few of the many issues clearly pointing to the inevitable conclusion that the protection of women-victims of domestic violence is inadequate. Hence, the functionality and efficiency of both the existing legislation and the institutions in charge of protection and support of women – victims of domestic violence is being questioned, which is also the subject for analysis in this paper.
Mobbing/bullying behaviour and mental health difficulties of a victim of mobbing
Authors: Dobrowolska Małgorzata , Izydorczyk Bernadetta
Published: July 2017

The paper provides the theoretical background of mobbying/bullying and description of a case study concerning a victim of mobbing. In conclusion, reflections concerning counteracting of bullying are provided. Each work environment, regardless the form of employment or the specificity of a job, creates conditions for more or less ethical behaviour
The role of the Teachers in the integration of ICT in Teaching in Secondary Low Education
Authors: Buza Prof.Asoc.Dr.Kastriot , Mula MA Freskina
Published: July 2017

Given the fact that the population in Kosovo consists mainly of young age, youth (15-24 years of age) who include 55.3% of the population involved in the educational process, then these data can imagine the use of new technologies by young people and it is imperative demand of ICT installation in schools. These changes, the transition from traditional to contemporary learning and learning using the technology undoubtedly will help students and enables them to interact theoretical knowledge with practical ones in order to comply more easily the acquired knowledge. With the integration of ICT in teaching has brought innovation and its challenges on how will be accepted by the teachers but a challenge has been its acceptance by students. The role of teachers has often been hesitant during its integration into teaching. In the theoretical part of this paper are described the problems encountered during the integration of ICT in teaching. Resistance inclusion of ICT by teachers in teaching has been the fear that one day they will be replaced by ICT and will not have the role that they have now. The hypothesis outlined in this paper is: "The role of teachers in the integration of ICT in the learning process enhances the quality of learning"
Visit Transylvania! Transylvania Representations of Tourists Coming from Abroad
Authors: Pásztor Gyöngyi , Dózsa Anita
Published: July 2017

The subject of the present study is Transylvania as a tourist destination, more precisely the analysis of what Transylvania means for the foreign tourists visiting here, and what meaning they attach to it. The timeliness of the issue is given by two factors. On the one hand the number of events with a touristic appeal has grown in the past years in Transylvania, and similarly the number of tourists has risen. On the other hand, writings that recommend Transylvania as an outstanding destination are more and more frequent in the international public sphere, in other words, it increasingly appears on the map of international tourism.
Socio-Psychological Resilience of the Russian Enterprises Personnel: Basic Types and Social Influence
Authors: Zakharova L. Zakharova , Korobeynikova E.
Published: July 2017

Objective: To reveal socio-psychological features of the personnel of Russian enterprises with different levels of resilience. The theoretical framework: The theories by T.Parsons, K.Cameron and R.Quinn. Empirical basis: Research period: 1999-2015. Subjects: not less than 20 senior managers, 120 mid-level managers, 360 lower-level employees annually. Results. Organizational conditions of successful high-technology enterprises (H-TE) and ordinary enterprises (OE) with long time modernization difficulties are characterized by specific types of organizational culture, leadership and managerial interaction. The staff of these enterprises differ in the following parameters: susceptibility to organizational stress, value priorities of organization development, balance of work and day-to-day motivation of managers and staff, levels of responsibility and transparency of their decisions, mutual confidence, susceptibility to pre-reform stereotypes, balance of value and instrumental components in determination of conflict behaviour, ratio of the main strategies of conflict behaviour and stress coping. Sets of these parameters form two types of psychological resilience (PsR): perspective at the H-TE and situational at the OE. Perspective psychological resilience is a factor of company development, is of an open form and is characterized by stress resistance in the conditions of change and personnel readiness towards innovation acceptance. Conclusion. The H-TE staff is characterized by forward-looking (strategic) type of PsR, while the OE staff – by situational (tactical) type. Ethical implications. Ensuring the right PsR of the staff in enterprises by managing organizational conditions can enhance the resilience both enterprises and traditional society.
The Healing Village of Malaysia: from Local Wisdoms to Implementation
Authors: Mohamed Badaruddin , Mohamad Diana , Marzuki Azizan
Published: July 2017

Rapid urbanization, hectic lifestyle, and increased cost of living, have resulted significant impacts to the mental and physical well-being of Malaysians in general, especially those living the urban areas like the capital city of Kuala Lumpur, and the heritage cities of Penang and Malacca. These have resulted to the much needed demand for recuperation and revitalization. While, more and more types of healing therapies such as Balinese Spa, Thai Massage, Swedish Spa and Turkish Bath, dominating the healing market in Malaysia, the state of art of the Malay traditional spa is at stake. Thus, the call of an intervention on the decline of this type of spa resulted in the developmental framework of a healing village concept. This paper reports on the development of a healing village concept which integrates the uniqueness of the Malays local knowledge and culture in revitalizing a holistic wellness. Kampung Batu Hampar, located in Beseri, Malaysia, has been selected as the site for the Healing Village Project. This Project develops four subprograms, namely Cultural Troupe, Herbs Garden, Kampung (village) Stay and Malay Traditional Therapy---as the agent of recuperative for the Malaysians. In particular, these subprograms involve the following healing dimensions: socio-economic, culture, people and environment. The development of these four subprograms is based on the natural resources observed in Kampung Batu Hampar as well as findings revealed by informal interviews with the villagers.
European Union Public Diplomacy Case Study - the Intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Nuhiu MA. Fjollë , Brovina Prof. Ass. Dr. Ngadhnjim
Published: July 2017

This paper describes public diplomacy (PD) of European Union (EU) throw European External Action Service (EEAS). As PD has its aim influencing the public, EU makes PD throw its missions and delegations trying to prove to the whole world that is an important actor in international arena. Since EU is unique international organization with elements of a state, we will try to describe that even EU has difficulties using PD to build a positive image in front of public considering the fact that each member state has its own voice in the path of representing the EU throw EEAS as one voice. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the EU's foreign policy with particular focus on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, that in our case analyzing it in the context of the PD specifically creating a positive image, has shown weakness and incapacity to intervene and play his role as an important actor to resolve a conflict and bring peace. Samples were taken from the international literature, scientific researches and official documents taken from EU official website. We used descriptive and analytical method to arrive at the conclusion of this topic, proving theoretically and practically that EU diplomacy as part of foreign policy has failed in the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Sociological Analysis of the Roots of Crime in the Family. (Case Study in Durres)
Authors: Milloshi Marjeta
Published: July 2017

In the area of Ex Keneta Durres after 90' was populated by rural residents coming from other provinces. It is a poor area, an informal area in construction and employment of residents. Not all residents are integrated in social life.Analysis of this study aims to study crime and domestic violence by first polidimension all related factors to explain the social roots of crime in families.Domestic crime is one of the social problems in our country. Statistical data for the City of Durres speak for counting crimes increased violence, and also show that the family is getting "dangerous place" of crime. The focus of the study is the overall situation of social, economic, cultural, emotional, psychological, former residents of the swamp. Factors which are sources that generate domestic violence or crimes in the family. In the area of Ex Keneta Durres in july of 2004 with the decision of the Municipal Council of Durres was approved as the new administrative unit , comprising Region No. 6 The area of Ex Keneta is a new residential area , increase the number of arrivals from day to day. in this structure combines elements of various subcultures. The analysis aims at studying the social roots of crime that will be done from the perspective of theoretical paradigms. It also focuses on the role of the state and other agencies to create socialization-economic stability, but also to create conditions for "mental health" of citizens. Social problems of contemporary society have their roots in the past, the consequences in the present and in the future. The importance of the study appear in several elements: -A heterogeneity area residents coming from different provinces have different subcultures. -An area dominated traditional families with a large number of members, with some garland. -Domestic Relations built on customary mentality. -An area where there is fragmentation of families as the result of immigration. "The comunication matrix" is very imported in the socilism of the family mambers.For the realization of this study i have selected qualitative methods,such as:free intervists,structured. The study data are based on some searching methods: Quantitative methods,qualitative; Structured interviews; Official data from the Police Departament of Durres; The review of printed media; Survey 200.
Gender Equality – Legal Reality in Albania
Authors: Osmanaj Enejda
Published: July 2017

The objective for gender equality policy is that women and men must have the same power to shape society and their own lives. While equality is an essential component of the human rights' protection, gender in equalities are still present in our society. One of the most serious violations of gender equality is violence against women. Violence against women is a form of discrimination, which is rooted in gender inequality. According to a study by INSTAT (2007), 27, 6% of women reported that violence had started after marriage. Abused women often were unwilling, to talk openly about domestic violence. in terms of urban versus rural differences, women in rural areas were significantly more likely to "ever" experience domestic violence of all types, compared to women in urban areas. There were also significant differences based on level of education. Women with a primary education were significantly more likely to "ever" experience domestic violence of all types, compared to women with a basic education or less, secondary education, and a university/post-university education. While women with a university/post-university education were least likely to "ever" experience domestic violence of all types, they were not immune to domestic violence in their marriage/intimate relationships simply because they were highly educated. Since 1993, Albania is part of Convention "On the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women" (1981) (CEDAW), in order to prevent gender inequalities, as well as to ensure wisely the protection of women from discrimination in higher levels. Other Albanian legal acts, as The Constitution of the Republic of Albania, the law no. 10 221/2010 "On Protection from Discrimination", the law no. 9970/2008 "On gender equality in the society" etc. intend to protect women, to prevent gender discrimination and to ensure gender equality. Albanian National Strategy on Gender Equality and Violence in Family (2011-2015) had also a great importance on setting some levels on gender equality. But unfortunately, gender discrimination and violence against women is still a very widespread phenomenon in Albania. Statistical data reflect a very cruel reality. Women's rights are an integral and indivisible part of fundamental human rights and a real, applicable, legal protection is needed.
Which Parties Count? - The Effective Number of Parties in the Albanian Party System
Authors: Xhaferaj Anjeza
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper is to explore and understand the Albanian Party System. The analysis will cover the period from the collapse of the communist regime in 1991 until 2014. It will try to investigate what forces drive the battle of the parties, what cleavages 'divide' society and consequently the party system as well as which are the parties that count the most. in order to assess this, the paper will focus on the parliamentary parties and will relay on various theoretical concepts of the contemporary literature on political parties. First it will draw on Sartori's concept of 'relevance' in order to understand whether all the parliamentary parties over the course of twenty four years of pluralism are important or not and what weight do they have. Then it will use the Laakso - Taagepera index of the Effective Number of Parties to understand how power is distributed within the parliament.
In Terms of Music Teachers, the Evaluation of Music Types in the Curriculum for Music in Secondary Education in Turkey
Authors: Gül Gülnihal
Published: July 2017

Along with the establishment of the Republic, a song repertoire consisting of transferred songs was previously endeavoured to be formed by taking school music samples of foreign countries and writing Turkish words below them. Afterwards, with the same percept, an imitation songs repertoire was attempted to be formed by our composers. Since the 1950s, the idea that school music should be on the axis of folk music and that music education should be carried out through school music samples composed from the close environment of the child has begun to take place. Together with the various developments since the 1970s, the tendency towards soft music has strengthened in society and also interest in Turkish classical music has increased. Moreover, since the 1970s, soft and classical music samples have begun to be used in music education, which was built on folk music in 1968. Thus, high school music teaching programs which went into effect in 1986 were prepared accordingly. Today, the sense that bringing to the classroom appropriate samples of vital music types in society, getting the student to learn at least one example of each music type and introducing these types is dominating. In this study, music types in middle school music teaching programs in Turkey were endeavoured to be evaluated in terms of music teachers. The subject was researched with the case study method which is one of the qualitative research methods. The oriented exemplification method was used in the study and 5 music teachers working in a middle school participated in the study group. The data was analysed by forming the necessary coding and themes. According to the obtained findings, results and suggestions were given place.
Examining the Impact of Pre-School Education on Self-Concept
Authors: Dabakoğlu Fatma Nesrin
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between third grade students' self-concepts who attend the pre-school education and who do not. The sample of the study consists of 560 third grade students from 13 separate public secondary schools in Ankara. In order to determine self-concept level of students, both P?ers Harr?s Ch?ldren's Self-Concept Scale and a Personal Information Form which was developed by the researcher to gain demographic information about the students who attended in this research were used. The results of this study can be summarized as follows;Pre- school education positively affects the self-concept of students who attend this education.
Social Protection for Orphaned and Vulnerable Children in Kenya: Initiatives, Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Akuma Joseph Misati
Published: July 2017

HIV/AIDS, conflicts and other crises have swelled the number of OVC's in sub - Saharan Africa, thereby threatening the realization of the Millennium Development Goals in the areas of Education, Health, Nutrition, and Poverty reduction. In Kenya, Social Protection is explicitly prioritized in Vision 2030, the newly promulgated Constitution of Kenya 2010 and in the National Affirmative Action Policies. Between 2005 and 2010, expenditure on Social Protection rose from Ksh. 33.4 billion to Ksh57.1 billion, which is equivalent to 2.28 per cent GDP.The above notwithstanding, discourse analysis involving a critical review of existing literature indicates that Poverty and vulnerability remain high in the country. Hence, clearly, there exists knowledge gaps on the response to the OVC situation, and in Particular, the impact of the various Policies and strategies aimed at interventions for the welfare of OVC's in the country. This paper attempts to synthesize current knowledge on the models and practice of policies targeting OVC's in Kenya with a view to bringing out discontinuities in order to inform future initiatives, especially those emerging from the framework of the newly promulgated constitution. Data was obtained mainly from secondary sources including: Sessional Papers, National Development Plans and Statistical abstracts. It is recommended that: Development of a Management Information System to capture information about OVC's, Strengthening Community Based support systems, Mainstreaming social protection in the programmes of all Government Ministries as opposed to the current six, Providing training and facilitation alongside the financial means to care – givers in vulnerable families, Prioritizing provision of Psycho –social support in addition to the material support currently offered, and reflecting OVC as a priority special needs in all sectoral policy planning and strategy process will go a long way in guarding against the escalating crisis of the vulnerable children which threatens to tear at the very fabric of childhood.
The Antitotalitarian Allegories of George Orwell and Ismail Kadare – A Comparative Analysis of the Forms of their Expression
Authors: Xhinaku Ervin , Pema Olsa
Published: July 2017

The object of this study is the analytical comparison between the antitotalitarian allegories of George Orwell and Ismail Kadare, with a special focus on the similarities and differences in the forms of their expression. With this overall aim in view, from the rich and varied oeuvre of Kadare we have selected “The Palace of Dreams” and “The Pyramid”, as two of his most representative antitotalitarian novels written in a totalitarian environment, and placed them alongside the antitotalitarian classics of Orwell – “Animal Farm” and “1984”. As the many stylistic and structural differences between these novels tend to fall into a consistent pattern, in order to make sense of them, we have directed our attention beyond the texts themselves into matters related to the context in which they were conceived, the history of their publication and the type of readership to which they were primarily addressed. Our critical examination shows that the novels of Kadare tend to be more structurally complex than those of Orwell, while the exploration of their deep allegorical meaning is follows a less straightforward route than the allegorical probing of “Animal Farm” and “1984”. This difference, far from being a blunt literary fact, which should be taken simply for what it is without any attempt at explanation, follows very logically from the great gap that separates the world of Orwell from the closely monitored totalitarian environment in which Kadare’s novels were written and published.
Unified Orthography Rules of the Albanian Language
Authors: NIMANI Aferdita
Published: July 2017

Relying on scientific writings and linguistic standard rules , it appears that today students encounter many orthography and spelling problems in Albanian language , because students lack many rules in Albanian language be it in speaking, writing or expressing . These failing, which have their roots in the first learning ever given the phonemes and letters of the alphabet . Their importance in writing , highlighting the phoneme , morpheme formation , changing their form . Since these were not perpetuated or studied properly in the beginning , the consequences are grappling today and our student suffers them , as problematic in the future . And it can not be sure that his writing has reached an orthography and spelling value of unified standard of the Albanian language
Copyright Protection in Albania – A Brief Historical Overview
Authors: Osmanaj (Shyti) Enejda
Published: July 2017

Human creativity flourishes in a suitable environment, which is provided by the existence of an efficient legal system of copyright protection. In general, copyright is protected on national basis therefore the scope of protection and the requirements that must be met to ensure the protection of works and creations, differ from one country to another. Albania has its own legislation for copyright protection, as most of European countries. This paper is a historical overview of copyright legislation development in Albania. History has undeniable impact in a country's legislation. So, Albanian copyright legislation has been changed and improved from stages to stages. Copyright has found protection in Albania’s legislation, initially during the time of King Zog’s Ist (1925-1939) Reign. The Civil Code (1929) marks the first strands of copyright protection in Albania. This Code is referred to the best European legislations of the time. During the communist regime private intellectual creations and works could not be privately owned. The copyright belonged to the state. The government and the totalitarian Albanian state of that time decided to reproduce the work, or allow translation into foreign languages as well as the creation of derivative works. The Civil Code of the Republic of Albania (1981) came into force with new provisions that provided recognition and protection of copyright. After the collapse of the communism the recognition of private property was re-appeared. The authors and creators became owners of their works/performances. Firstly, Albanian Parliament adopted the law no. 7564, dated 19.05.1992 “On copyright”. Thirteen years later, the parliament enacted the Law no. 9380, dated 28.04.2005 “On copyright and other rights related to” that incorporated the provisions of the European Union Directives on Copyright Protection. Currently, the protection of copyright is provided even through some provisions of other legal acts, such as: Constitution of the Republic of Albania (1998), law no.7961/1995 “On the Labor Code of the Republic of Albania” (amended), Law no. 7895 /1995 “Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania” (amended), Law no. 7859 /1994 “On the Civil Code of the Republic of Albania” (amended) etc. In addition to the national legislation, Albania has ratified a number of international acts, which intend to protect copyright etc.
Learning the Spanish Language for Ideological, Political, and other Curious Reasons
Authors: Anastasi Prodani , Aida Gjinali , Sandra Gjoka
Published: July 2017

Spanish language and teaching it in Albanian schools did not come as a request of the labour market. It was made available only through the need and lunatic wishes of a dictator, who wanted to spread his words, his revolutionary ideas and the pattern of the building socialism in Albania according the lessons of Marxism-Leninism in the whole world, and in this case in Spanish-speaking world, either in Spain or Latin America. As a consequence, small but concrete steps were undertaken for the schooling and professional education of those who in the future would work as translators, radio presenters or teachers of Spanish language. The main purpose of this research is to highlight the itinerary followed by the Spanish language in the context of totalitarism in Albania from the ‘90s till nowdays
Teaching and Learning Motivation
Authors: Gjedia Robert
Published: July 2017

The paper "Teaching and learning motivation" is a professional attempt to communicate to the interested groups/stakeholders and mainly to the teachers the theoretical interpretations, techniques and activities related to the learning motivation. This paper exposes the various forms of motivation. They are considered from different viewpoints like biological ones, instinctive, rationalist, humanist etc. It is aimed to provide a general panorama, carefully selected by west well-known psychologists and pedagogues of the area, who belong to different space and time educational culture. On the other side it is of great importance for this paper the presentation and treatment of principles and techniques of motivation in the classroom closely related to the pupils' learning activities and experiences as well as those related to the specifics of pupils with learning difficulties. This paper conveys the consolidated viewpoint that motivation should be a natural, active and effective process that stimulates learning and provides a comfortable wellbeing to each pupil. The author, by carefully reviewing and processing the respective literature, by the findings collected during his long term educational experience has provided data and observations deriving from various analyses of the teaching periods/hours; from discussions with teachers of the different cycles and profiles, thus concluding to ideas, techniques and best practices on the motivation processes that would really stimulate the class learning.
The Albanian Social Security System and the Institutions of Social Protection in Albania
Authors: Mano Laureta , Selita Mirela
Published: July 2017

The social security system in Albania consists of social assistance and social services, health services and health care insurance and social insurance schemes. In the social objectives of the constitution are declared that the State within the constitutional competencies and the probable means as well as in the fulfillment of private initiatives and responsibilities, aims to higher possible standards of health, physical and mental; social care and services of elderly, orphan and invalids; medical rehabilitation, special education and integration in the community, of disabled persons. The Constitution foreseen that everyone has the right of social insurance when retired or in case of incapacity of work under a certain system established by a law. Everyone, when is unemployed for any reasons independent on individual will and when there is no living means, has the right of need under the conditions foreseen by law. Social insurance is a scheme protecting by benefits persons in respect of temporary incapacity due to sickness, maternity, old-age, disability and loss of breadwinner, employment accidents/occupational diseases, unemployment. Social Services are benefits in kind for disabled persons or vulnerable persons. Social Assistances are cash benefits given to families in need, that means families with lower incomes comparable with minimum standard of living or families without incomes. Health services consist of public health, primary health care, hospitalization services nurse's service, dental and pharmaceutical net. The Institutions of Social Protection in Albania are Social Insurance Institute, National Social Services and Health Care Insurance Fund.