bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity of animals that are living on the surface of soil under the forest stands surrounding Japan Cave of BKPH Nglerak, North Lawu, Karanganyar
Authors: SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO , WIJAYA DHINI , RAHAYU SUCI YULIATI
Published: July 2014

The study of animal biodiversity that lived on the surface of soil under the stands forest surround Japan Cave BKPH Nglerak, North Lawu, Karanganyar has bee done. Observations were conducted in 6 stations of different stands of forest. Animals were caught by pit fall trap method. In each catching was found about 22 animals consisting of 6 families with Simpsonâ€™s diversity index of 0.5. The result of identification indicates that those animals belong to 4 classes: Insects (9 orders), Arachnids (2 orders), Diplopods (2 orders), and Crustacean (1 order). The most diverse animals was found in the habitat of pine stands while the lowest one found in the habitat of cultivated plants.Â© 2002 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: biodiversity, surface soil animals, Japan Cave, Lawu.
Cluster Analysis of Ranunculus Species
Authors: SURANTO SURANTO
Published: July 2014

The aim of the experiment was to examine whether the morphological characters of eleven species of Ranunculuscollected from a number of populations were in agreement with the genetic data (isozyme). The method used in this study was polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis using peroxides, estarase, malate dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase enzymes. The results showed that cluster analysis based on isozyme data have given a good support to classification of eleven species based on morphological groups. This study concluded that in certain species each morphological variation was profit to be genetically based.Â© 2002 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey Words: Ranunculus, isozyme
Baluran Nasional Park Savanna
Authors: SABARNO M. YUSUF
Published: July 2014

One of the biodiversity richness in Indonesia is ecosystem of Baluran National Park savanna. This type of savanna is similar to African savanna that is included in tropical savanna. There are two types of savanna, namely flat and undulating savanna. The savanna ecosystem that covers about 40% of the total area of Baluran National Park has important role on supporting herbivore animals such as wild cattle (Bos javanicus), deer (Cervus timorensis) and wild buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The variety of grasses and other vegetation provide food for those animals, therefore, the reduction of the reduction of quality and quantity of the savanna would reduce in the population of the herbivores. The savanna in the Baluran National Park is about 10.000 ha, however, due to invasion of Acacia nilotica has resulted in the reduction of the savanna reaching about 50%. Moreover, illegal grassing inside the Park has brought negative impact to the quality of the area and the wild fauna. Overgrazing may influence on the reduction of the population of wild fauna. Pressure to the savanna has a great impact on the balance and preservation of whole ecosystem in Baluran. Efforts have been made in order to restore the Baluran ecosystem such as preventing the expansion of A. nilotica as well as preventing illegal grazing. The Baluran National Park is still looking for the most effective and efficient way of preserving savanna ecosystem in Baluran.Â© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Baluran National Park, savanna, Acacia nilotica
The diversity of moulds in the candied salak (Salacca edulis Reinw.)
Authors: DHAMAYANTI RATIH , SURANTO SURANTO , SETYANINGSIH RATNA
Published: July 2014

The aims of this research were to identify moulds in candied fruit within three varieties of salak (i.e. sleman, gading and pondoh), and to know the effect of sugar concentration added, the time of storage, and additional of preservative chemical substance (benzoic acid) for the diversity of moulds in candied salak. The isolation method of moulds was used direct plating. In order to determine the kind of moulds, which tolerance in sugar solution (osmotic pressure), the samples were put on the surface of glucose 25% peptone yeast-extract agar (GPYA) medium, and then incubated at 30oC for seven days. After that the colony was transferred on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and czapeks dox agar (CDA) identification media. The results indicated that there were 10 different kind of moulds can be found in all samples, namely Aspergillus flavus, A, niger, A. versicolor, A. fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Monilia sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp. and Wallemia sp. In order to examine the influence of sugar concentration on the growth of moulds, the candied salaks were treated in different concentration. Candied salak with or without additional benzoicacid were treated with sugar concentration of 200 g/l, 250 g/l and 300 g/l. The highest concentration of sugar showed to lowest diversity of moulds for varieties of sleman and gading, conversely for variety of salak pondoh, the additionalof high sugar concentration showed increase in their diversity. The diversity of moulds in day of seventh was smallerthan the diversity of moulds in day of null. The concentration of benzoic acid (1 g/l) confined the diversity of moulds.Â© 2002 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: candied salak, osmotic pressure, diversity of mould.
Relics habitat of mangrove vegetation in south coast of Java
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , SUSILOWATI ARI , WIRYANTO WIRYANTO
Published: July 2014

Mangrove vegetation is one of the most richness ecosystems in tropical forest. It has high value economically and ecologically. Mangrove product can be used directly as timber, firewood, charcoal, tannin, dyes, food, medicine, raw material of industries, etc. It also can be used indirectly as fisheries, wastes processing, seashore protection, ecoturisms, educations, etc. In the past time, river estuaries in south coast of Java was mangrove habitat. However, anthropogenic activities had been reduced mangrove vegetation into relix habitat. The aim of the research was to know (1) sites of mangrove vegetation in river estuaries in south coast of Java, (2) diversity of mangrove vegetation, (3) density of Sonneratia alba J.E. Smith, and (4) physical and chemical properties of these sites. The research was conducted in March-April 2002, at 20 river estuaries from Pacitan until Cilacap, south coast of Java. The results indicated that mangrove remnant could be met in 10 river estuaries, namely Grindulu, Teleng, Bogowonto, Cakrayasan, Lukulo, Cincingguling, Ijo, Bengawan, Serayu, and Jeruk Legi-Donan. There were 29 mangrove species in estuaries, consist of major components (9 sp.), minor components (2 sp.), and mangrove associated (18 sp.). The density of Sonneratia alba J.E. Smith varied from 0 till > 250 individual per hectare. The soil sediment could be grouped into sand, silt, and clay, where silt and clay could support mangrove growth finely. The average of environmental parameters as follows: temperature of water and sediment respectively were 32.0oC and 31.4oC, pH of water and sediment respectively were 7.29 and 6.96, total dissolved solid of water was ~ 2000 ppm, dissolved oxygen of water was 9.29 ppm, and water salinity was 16 ppt.Â© 2002 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: mangrove remnant, Sonneratia alba, diversity, density
Studies on the diversity and growth of moulds in the cucumber pickle
Authors: PUTRI HAPSARI SETIA , SURANTO SURANTO , SETYANINGSIH RATNA
Published: July 2014

The aims of this research were to study about the growth and diversity of moulds in the cucumber pickle and the influencesof acetic acid concentration and long storage as well as additional of onion on the growth of moulds. Cucumber pickle was treated in different acetic acid concentrations (0,8%, 1,4%, 2,0%), long storage and with or without additional of onion. Theused method to isolate of mould was dilution planting. For enumerating moulds, 0,1 ml samples were blended and dilutedafter that inoculated on to potato sucrose agar (PSA) medium and then incubated at 270C for 7 days. To identify the moulds, the colony was transferred on to CDA and PSA media, and then incubated at 270C for 7 days. The moulds were identified according to their macroscopic and microscopic characters. To know the degrees of taste, the cucumber pickle was tested to 25 people with hedonic scale method. The results showed that, there was 12 different kinds of moulds can be found in cucumber pickle without additional of onion. There were Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. tamarii Kita, Cochliobolus sp, Botrytis, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. expansum, P. citrinum, Rhizopus oligosporus, Trichoderma sp,and Monilia. On the other hand, experiment with onion, P. expansum and A. niger could not be observed. The highestvarieties of moulds can be found in cucumber pickle with acetic acid concentration 1,4%. In experiment without onion, on nil(0) day, with acetic acid concentration of 1,4%, the amount of moulds is lower than in the pickle with acetic acid concentration 0,8%. The diversity of moulds in the cucumber pickle with additional of onion is lower than that of without onion. The additional of onion showed decreasing the diversity and growth of moulds in cucumber pickle with acetic acid concentration of 0,8% on nil (0) day. In experiment with acetic acid concentration 2,0% in 10-1 dilution on nil (0) day until 6thday, the moulds could not be observed.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: diversity, growth of moulds, cucumber pickle
Vegetation around Tiga Warna Lake, Kelimutu National Park, Ende, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: MUDIANA DEDEN , SUHARMONO SUHARMONO , PENDIT I MADE RAHARDJA , MUDARSA I WAYAN
Published: July 2014

Vegetation around Danau Tiga Warna, Kelimutu National Park was dominated by Vaccinium varingiaefolim (Blume) Miq. Species of fern, Selluguea triloba (Houtt.) M.G. Price and Gleichenia linearis (Burm.) Clarke were abundant in this location. Tripogon exiguus Buesee as belongs poaceae family, also find abundant. Condition of vegetation around Kawah Kelimutuwill discribe in this paper.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey word: vegetation, Danau Tuga Warna, Taman Nasional Kelimutu.
Interrelationship between Kubu trible people and plant resources at the Bukit Duabelas biosphere reserve, Jambi
Authors: SETYOWATI FRANCISCA MURTI
Published: July 2014

Indonesia consists of hundreds of tribe, one of them which is dwelled in the Bukit Duabelas Biosphere Reserve in Jambi,the Kubu tribe (Anak Dalam tribe). Their daily living is very dependent upon the native surrounding. The results of interviews during the research with the figure or tribe-head (Temenggung) and Kubu tribe member, indicated that at least 193 plant species recorded. These plants were used as food (69 species), construction materials (42 species), medicines (39 species), house hold utensils (11 species), dye (1 species), latex producing plants (5 species), for ritual materials (9 species), and others (15 species). How the customs and habits of Kubu tribe people manage and use of plant resources were discussed in this paper.Â© 2003 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Ethnobotany, Kubu tribe, Bukit Duabelas Biosphere Reserve, Jambi
Genom Gene Cloning of Penicillin V Acylase from Bacillus sp BAC4 by Genomic Library
Authors: VH ELFI SUSANTI , ARIANI SRI RETNO DWI
Published: July 2014

This research was aimed to clone and identify penicillin V acylase (PVA) gene of Bacillus sp. BAC4 by genomic library.Chromosome DNA of Bacillus sp. BAC4 was isolated by Wang method. pHB201 of E. coli was isolated by alkali lyses method. Recombinant DNA of Bacillus sp. BAC4 chromosome fragment and pHB201 was made by ligase process using T4 DNA ligase. Transformation of E. coli using this recombinant plasmid was carried out according to Mandel-Higa method. The results indicated that chromosome DNA fragment of Bacillus sp. BAC4 was bigger 23 kb with purity 1,3. Plasmid DNA fragment of E coli was 6,5 kb. Transformants laboring pHB201 recombinant plasmid was screen as blue-white colonies in a medium containing IPTG/X-gal and chloramphenicol.ïƒ£ 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: genomic library, penicillin acylase, transformation, plasmid, chromosome
Species description of Rhizophoraceae family in mangrove forest at Baluran Nasional Park East Java
Authors: SUDARMADJI SUDARMADJI
Published: July 2014

Research about species description of Rhizophoraceae family in mangrove forest at Baluran National Park was conducted from June to October 2003. The method were plot and survey. There were nine species of Rhizophoraceae. The species at mangrove were Bruguiera cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, B. sexangula, Ceriops decandra, C. tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. lamarckii, R. mucronata, and R. stylosa. In addition, the number species of Rhizophoraceae family in the mangrove forest at Baluran National Park were more completely than another places, because it was found more than 75 percent species of Rhizophoraceae.Â© 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Rhizophoraceae, mangrove forest, Baluran National Park.
The potency of Bukit Tapak forest as means for traditional ceremony, environmental conservation, and education
Authors: SUMANTERA I WAYAN
Published: July 2014

Bukit Tapak (1903 m) the natural reserve of Batukau I (816.4 ha) is one of three natural reserve area of Batukau (1762.8ha, 1974). Located at the tourism object of Bedugul, the eastern part boundaries to the Botanic Garden Eka Karya-LIPI(154.5 ha, 1959) and settlement of Candikuning area (1152 family, 4475 persons) and near the three lakes of the waterresources of Bali; Beratan, Buyan and Tamblingan lake. The special plants; cemara geseng (Casuarina junghuhniana Miq.),cemara pandak (Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub.), nyabah (Pinanga arinasaensis J.R. Witono), paku kidang(Dicksonia blumei Planch.), and purnajiwa (Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benth.). The pioneer plant of the hill is cemara geseng and the endemic is cemara pandak. The plant of needle leaves that basically the existence of Bali Botanical Garden as the conservation ex situ flora of noodle leaves especially at the eastern Indonesian area. Nyabah, which is supposed to be the new kind of palm named Arinasa, driven from the staff name who is the pioneer of the conservation. Paku kidang is rare. There are ethnobotany plants of ritual ceremony such as: kayu tulak (Schefflera sp.), kayu tulung (Brasaia sp.), penjalin (Calamus sp.), paku pidpid (Nephrolepis sp.), trijata (Medinilla speciosa (Blume ex Mart.) Blume), etc. Balinese people believe that forest is holly and sacred. But because of the existence of Pura Teratai Bang (16 century) at the slope, moslem cemetery (found in 1938) at the peak, and other needs (climbing, food, medicine, etc.), it can not be avoided the entrances of people that caused the forest is damaged. The forest reservation needs the approach to the local people, so the solution are morally and integration. The use of the forest which is potential as the environment education facilities conservation and other alternatives such as: horticulture, the improvement of the people economy discussed here to be the input for the forest conservation wisely and continuously.Â© 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Bukit Tapak, traditional ceremony, environment, conservation, education.
Effect of microbe as fertilizer on the growth of Acacia mangium on the sand sterile in green house
Authors: PURWANINGSIH SRI
Published: July 2014

An experiment on the effect of microbe as fertilizer on the growth of Acacia mangium on the sand sterile in greenhouse. The aim of the experiment the effect and potency of the microbe as fertilizer to increase the growth of A. mangium. The experiment was carried out in green house condition in Microbiology division, Research Center for Biology-LIPI with sterile sand medium. The Rhizobium strains used of: 1.Bio 199R, 2. Bio 203R, 3. Bio 205R, 4 Bio 238R, 5. Bio 251R, 6.Bio 7R, and 7. mixed strains (Bio 199R+Bio 203R+Bio 205R+Bio 238R+Bio 251R+Bio 7R) The controls were uninoculated withRhizobium strain and without urea fertilizer (K1), uninoculated and with urea fertilizer equal 100 kg/ha (K2). The researchdesign was Completely Randomized Design with three replications for each treatment. The plants were harvested after 70 days; the parameters of investigation were the dry weight of canopy, roots, nodules root, total plants, number of nodules and â€œsymbiotic capacityâ€. The results showed that all of experiment plant able to from nodule. Strain number of mixed strains has given the best results on the growth of A. mangium plant.Â© 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Rhizobium strain, Acacia mangium.
R E V I E W: Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del. and Problematical in Baluran National Park, East Java
Authors: DJUFRI DJUFRI
Published: July 2014

Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. is a thorny wattle native in India, Pakistan and much of Africa. This acacia is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa from Agypt and Mauritania to South Africa. In Africa and the Indian Subcontinent, Acacianilotica is extensively used as browse, timber and fire-wood species. The bark and seeds are used as source of tannins.The species is olso used for medicinal purposes. Bark of Acacia nilotica has been used for treathing haemorrhages, colds, diarrhoea, tuberculosis and leprosy; while the roots have been used as an aphrodisiac and the flowers for treathing syphillis lessions. The invasion of Acacia nilotica has resulted in the reduction of savanna in Baluran National Park reaching about 50%. Pressure to the savanna has a great impact on the balance and preservation of whole ecosystem in Baluran.Â© 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Acacia nilotica, biology, ecology, grassland, Baluran National Park.
Storage and the Use of Peroxydase Enzyme to Detect Germination Capability of Sandoricum koetjape Merr. Seeds- A Neglected Tropical Fruit Species
Authors: SOETISNA USEP , PRIADI DODY , HARTATI SRI , SUDARMONOWATI ENNY
Published: July 2014

Sandoricum koetjape which belongs to the group of mahogany, possesses seeds with sticky white aril, is a neglected local fruit species that might extinct if conservation efforts are not made. Besides preserving the embryos and embryonic axis on different periods of storage (0, 3, 5, 7 days) on a vacuum glass container containing silica gel, the latter organs were also preserved in liquid nitrogen to study the possibility of long-term storage. The water content of the preserved organs was measured in relation to the length of storage and the germination rate. To determine the role of peroxidase in the germination rate of preserved zygotic embryos, the level of peroxidase was measured. Seeds of control and of 3-day storage were mostly germinated at day-6. The average rate of germination was reduced to 23.33% when the seeds were desiccated with silica gel for 7 days which resulted in 27.69% water content. This germination capability and the length of hypocotyls seem to correlate with peroxidase activity in the seeds. In general, the higher the percentage of germination, the longer the length of hypocotyls, the higher the peroxidase activity, except for seeds desiccated for 7 days. The range of peroxidase activity was 6.81-3856.20 Î”A/2min/mg. When the seeds were desiccated for 7 days, they still could germinate at day-18 which indicated by a very high peroxidase activity. Peroxidase activity assay could detect the viability within 15 seconds while the TTZ requires 15 minutes. Although the highest percentage of survived embryonic axis after storage in liquid nitrogen was only 23.42%, the results showed that soaking in 10-20% DMSO for 20 minutes of prerequisite as without DMSO led to no survival. These results offer an alternative procedure to detect the germination ability of seeds at early stage and longer period of preservation which could contribute to future ex situ conservation.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: recalcitrant, seeds, embryos, desiccation, preservation, peroxidase, Sandoricum koetjape.
Biodiversity of Soil Microbes from Rhizosphere at Wamena Biological Garden (WBiG), Jayawijaya, Papua
Authors: WIDAWATI SRI , SULIASIH SULIASIH , LATUPAPUA H. J.D , SUGIHARTO ARWAN
Published: July 2014

The isolation, identification and population of soil microbes from rizosphere at WBiG had been done in the Soil Laboratories Microbiology, Microbiology Division, Research Center of Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bogor. The soil was collected randomly from 16 sites in WBiG, and taken from 0-15 cm depth. Isolates of microbes were identified by Bergeys manual method for bacteria; Ellis method for fungi, and the morphology of isolate method for Actinomycetes. The population of microbes was estimated by plate count method. The result of isolation, identification and population soil microbes from 16 samples in WBiG showed that 20 isolates of bacteria (Azotobactersp., Accinetobacter sp. , Bacillus sp., Citrobacter sp., Flavobacterium sp., Klebsiella sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium sp., Thiobacillus sp., Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter chrococcum, Bacillus panthothenticus, Chromobacterium violaceum, C.lividum,Escherrrichia coli, Flavobacterium breve, Klebsiella aerogenes, Spaerotillus natans, and Staphylococcus epidermidis); nine isolates of fungi (Aspergillus niger, Bisporomyces, Monilia sp., Cephalospharium sp., Verticillum sp., Giocladium sp., Penicillium sp., Nelicocephalum sp., and Cuninghamella sp.), and seven isolates of Actinomycetes (Streptomyces, Streptosporangium, Nocardia, Thermomonospora,Thermoactinomyces, Micromonospora, Mycobacterium). The population of Bacillus (108-109), Rhizobium (106-107), Azospirillum (106-107),and Thiobacillus (104 -109 ) were founded all of soil samples.ïƒ“ 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: soil microbes, Wamena Biological Garden (WbiG).
Inventarization of potential plant for phytoremediation on degraded land and water mined
Authors: JUHAETI TITI , SYARIF FAUZIA , HIDAYATI NURIL
Published: July 2014

One of the most important problems in degraded mined ecosystem is contamination of soil and water by toxic substances, mainly heavymetal such as Pb and others such as cyanide. Phytoremediation could be used as an alternative technique to overcome this problem.Phytoremediation is defined as clean up of pollutans primarily mediated by photosynthetic plants. These plants have several beneficialcharacteristics such as the ability to accumulate metal in their shoots and an especially high tolerance to heavy metals. This research wascarried out to study the potencies of local species to accumulate Pb and cyanide. Seventeen species were collected from mined waste area(namely tailing area) and then the cyanide and Pb accumulated in each species were analyzed. The result showed that some speciesaccumulated Pb and cyanide in high concentration such as Ipomoea sp. (35.70 ppm cyanida) and Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Robinson(11.65 ppm Pb). A series of research is needed to prove that these species are potential as heavy metal and cyanide accumulators.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: phytoremediation, heavy metal, gold mined
MspI polymorphism of bovine growth hormone gene on locus-2 and its effect on daily gain of body weight
Authors: SUTARNO SUTARNO , JUNAIDI ARIS , TAPPA BAHARUDIN
Published: July 2014

The objectives of the research were to identify growth hormone gene variation of Indonesian native cattle, PO cattle, and to know the effect of the variation on growth rate (daily gain) of the cattle. White blood cells were extracted from the samples of total blood by buffy coat method. DNA was then extracted from white blood cells using Wizard Genomic Purification kit. PCR-RFLP using MspI restriction enzyme was employed to detect polymorphic site on locus 2 of GH gen continued with sequencing for some representative genotypes. Phenotypicdata of growth rate (daily gain) measured for 90 days, while sex and age were used as supporting phenotypic data. All data were then analysed statistically using Anova model implemented in JMP program from SAS. The result of the analysis indicated that MspI polymorphism affect growth rate significantly (P=0.01), in which MspI (+-) genotype resulted in best growth of PO cattle. Age and sex were also affect growth of the cattle.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: PO cattle, PCR-RFLP, GH gene, growth
Study on Orchid Diversity in Gunung Simpang Nature Reserve, West Java
Authors: PUSPITANINGTYAS DWI MURTI
Published: July 2014

Gunung Simpang Nature Reserve is located in West Java Province. It covers a 15.000 hectare area of highland forest, the altitude range between 800 to 1823 m asl. Orchid inventory and exploration were conducted to study orchid diversity in this conservation areas. Living plant was collected for ex situ conservation purpose in Botanic Garden. Observation on the population of terrestrial and epiphyte orchid was also done to study the dominant orchid in that area. It was recorded that there were 137 orchid species belonging to 51 genera, 95species of which were epiphytes and 42 other species were terrestrial orchids. 134 species of which were collected in Cibodas Botanic Garden, which is suitable place for highland plant. The most dominant terrestrial orchid was Plocoglottis javanica. Other species were also abundantly found, such as Phaius pauciflorus, Liparis rheedii, Diglyphosa latifolia, Neuwiedia zollingeri var. javanica, Calanthe ceciliae, C. speciosa and Phaius callosus. Some epiphyte orchids were very common found, that are Agrostophyllum majus, Coelogyne speciosa, Dendrobium mutabile, Agrostophyllum bicuspidatum, Pholidota ventricosa and Eria javanica. Some attractive orchids are potential for ornamental plant, such as Vanda tricolor, Phaius callosus, Phaius tankervilleae, Arundina graminifolia, Bulbophyllum lobbii, Coelogyne speciosa, Calanthe ceciliae, Calanthe triplicata and Calanthe speciosa.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: orchid, Gunung Simpang Nature Reserve, diversity.
Identification keys on rattans (Calamus spp.) from Central Sulawesi based on anatomical structure of stems
Authors: TELLU ANDI TANRA
Published: July 2014

This study was conducted to obtain information the anatomical characteristics of 20 rattan species from Central Sulawesi and to use it for anatomical identification of rattan species. The rattan comprised 16 Calamus species, three Daemonorops species and one Korthalsia species. For anatomical observation 10-15 mm pieces of the mature stem from shares of tip do not have frond were processed with polyethilene glycol 2000, cut at 18-32 Î¼m and stained with a combination of acridin-cryzoidin red and astrablue. Cleared preparation were used to observe stegmata, and macerated material was used to measure the length of fibers and vessel elements. Anilin sulfate was used to confirm the existence of lignin. Anatomical characteristics used in identification were shape and will thickening of epidermal cells and the position stomata at epidermal; the arrangement of sub epidermal parenchyma; composition of vascular bundles and their distribution; the shape and arrangement of central ground parenchyma and the occurrence of fiber bundles. The research result indicated that the anatomical character can be compiled to a key identify the rattan at genus and species level.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: rattan, identification, anatomical characteristics.
Dynamics of Mixed Dipterocarps Forests in Wanariset Semboja, East Kalimantan after Three Times of Forest Fires within the Periods of 1980-2003
Authors: SIMBOLON HERWINT
Published: July 2014

A plot of 150x700 m2 was established in a mixed dipterocarps of Wanariset Semboja, East Kalimantan during the periods of 1979-1981. The forest was dominated by Eusideroxylon zwageri (Lauraceae), Dipterocarpus cornutus (Dipterocarpaceae), Pholidocarpus majadum (Arecaceae), and Diospyros borneensis (Ebenaceae). Since the plot establishment, the forests then had experienced three times of forest fires, those were in 1982-1983, 1994-1995 and 1997-1998. The present paper reports the results of re-measurement of some 150x110 m2parts of the plot in August 2003, about 23 years after plot establishment. Micro topographically, the studied plot was relatively undulating in higher parts and relatively flat in the lower parts of the plot, while the differences between lowest sub-plot and higher sub-plot of the remeasured plot was 26 m. Forest floor of the lower parts of the plot were humid to wet during rainy season and still humid during dry season. Almost all of the trees within lower parts of the plot were escaped from these three times of forest fires; hence these sub-plots weredominated by the trees of primary species that enumerated in 1980. Those sub-plots in the higher parts were burnt during the past forest fires indicated by the charcoal of standing trees and remaining felling logs in the forest floor. These burnt sub-plots were dominated by pioneer or secondary tree species, such as: Mallotus spp., Macaranga spp., Ficus spp. and Vernonia arborea. Local distribution of some indicator species (such as primary tree species: Pholidocarpus majadum, Diospyros spp., Eusideroxylon zwageri and species of Dipterocarpaceae; pioneer or secondary tree species Vernonia arborea, Macaranga spp., Mallotus spp., Ficus uncinulata, Piper aduncum, Peronema canescens) within the plot were figured. Mortality, recruitment and growth rate during the period of 1980-2003 were also discussed.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: dynamics, mix dipterocarps forest, forest fires, mortality, recruitment and growth rate.
REVIEW : Research on insect biodiversity in Indonesia: Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and its role in ecosystem
Authors: SHAHABUDDIN SHAHABUDDIN , HIDAYAT PURNAMA , NOERDJITO WORO ANGGRAITONINGSIH , MANUWOTO SYAFRIDA
Published: July 2014

Research on insect biodiversity in Indonesia which is known as megabiodiversity still not yet a lot of done. Dung beetles represent one of insect group owning very important ecological role and enough suscebtible to condition change of an ecosistem so that is often made as one of bioindicator. Although it was estimated that there is about 1000 to 2000 species of dung beetle in Indo-Australia archipelago but theexact species number of Indonesiaâ€™s dung beetles not yet been known, since the are more than 17,000 islands in the country and different islands posseses a lot of endemic species. The lack of entomologist especially taxonomist and the limited of identification key available also become the problems of study on dung beetles biodiversity as well as another group of insect in Indonesia. Therefore, we need some effort expected to solve these problem in order to accelarate the research of insect biodiversity in Indonesia.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: biodiversity, insects, dung beetles, Scarabaeidae
Lipase Application of lipase technology for transesterification of fatty acid ester
Authors: HANDAYANI RINI , SULISTYO JOKO
Published: July 2014

We have reported the potency of microbial extracellular enzyme for synthesis of fatty acid ester. Further investigation was aimed to study capacity of the enzyme on bioprocess of crude palm oil by transesterification of saturated fatty acid to fatty acid ester. We have studied some lipases from culture filtrate of Candida rugosa FM-9301, Bacillus subtilis FM-9101 and Pseudomonas aerogenes FM-9201, which were preincubated in a medium containing olive oil as inducers, using a shaker under conditions that allowed for lipase production at pH 4.5-6.5 and room temperature for 5 days. Those strains shown different activities during the hydrolysis of substrates, which resulted in decreasing or increasing free fatty acids those, were liberated from media containing crude palm oil and organic solvents. The optimal transesterification condition was at temperature of 45-50Â°C and at pH 4.5 for C. rugosa and pH 6.0 to 7.0 for P. aerogenes and B. subtilis. Under the enzyme concentration of 50% (v/v), the transesterification was rapidly occurred, while at the concentration of 20% (v/v) the enzymatically biosynthesis required longer incubation period. The substrates incubated with C. rugosa lipase exhibited higher linoleic and linolenic acid (7.16 and 2.15%, respectively), than that of B. subtilis lipase (4.85% and 1.43%, respectively), while P. aerogenes lipase(3.73% and 1.11%, respectively).Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: transesterification, lipase, crude palm oil, fatty acid ester.
Medium optimization for leaf numbers and shoot multiplication of lidah buaya (Aloe vera) by BAP and adenine supplement
Authors: SARI LAELA
Published: July 2014

Aloe vera of the Aloeaceae is originated from Canary Island (West Africa). This plant is commonly know in Indonesia and cultivated in large fields or in the house yard for many purposes, such as ornamental and medicine plant. The industries using it as the principle raw material has became more important due to the significant benefits of this plant. This study is purposed to obtain the medium optimization for leafnumbers and shoot multiplication of Aloe vera by BAP and adenine supplement. The shoot of Aloe vera was taken from green house of Biotechnology-LIPI. Shoots sterilized by clorox (sodium hypochlorite) solution 35% and 20% for 30 and 15 min. until get aseptic shoot (in vitro plants). The shoot isolated from in vitro plant into MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium in different concentration of BAP and adenine. The research used factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors (BAP concentration: 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 mg/L and adenine concentration 0; 10; 20 mg/L) with 5 replicates. The results obtained have showed that addition 20 mg/L adenine to MS raise the numbers of leaf. The shoot multiplication has been augmented by addition of BAP 1 mg/L and adenine 20 mg/L. The results showed that BAP has a positive role in increasing shoot multiplication rate and that adenine has a synergic effect when added together with BAP.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: optimization, Aloe vera, BAP, adenine, in vitro tissue culture.
Plants diversity and its potential in Buton Utara Game Reserve, South-East Sulawesi
Authors: UJI TAHAN
Published: July 2014

Study on richness diversity and potential species of plant in two locations in the Buton Utara Game Reserve had been conducted. One hundred and seventy nine species of plant are collected from this area, and 137 species of them are reported as the potential of species. The largest group is timber (76 species) and the other is medicinal plants (41 species). Other data can be gathered as follows 23 species of fruits, 22 species of ornamental plants, 12 species of vegetable, 7 species of fibre plants and 5 species of poisonous plants. The results ofstudy indicated that biti/owala (Vitex coffasus), upi (Intsia palembanica), gufi (Intsia bijuga), nato (Palaquium bataanense), kuru (Elmerillia ovalis), keu uti (Drypetes sibuyanensis), rumbai (Pterospermum celebicum), kondongia (Cinnamomum parthenoxylon), and dongi (Dillenia serrata) were very important as commercial timbers.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: species diversity, potential, Buton Utara game reserve, South-East Sulawesi
The effect of pH on endo-1,4-Î²-glucanase activity from Bacillus sp. AR 009
Authors: HIDAYAT IMAN
Published: July 2014

The determinination of the suitable pH condition for maximizing the activity of endo-1,4-Î²-glucanase of Bacillus sp. AR 009 had been done. The acidity range of media for examining the enzyme activities were 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 at 37Â°C. The experiments show that the value of maximum activity of endo-1,4-Î²-glucanase was 23.068 U/mL at third day incubation with 124.565 mg/L of sugar reduction at pH 7.Key words: pH, Bacillus sp. AR 009, endo-1,4-Î²-glucanase
Diversity and Growth Behaviour of Nepenthes (Pitcher Plants) in Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan Province
Authors: HANDAYANI TRI , LATIFAH DIAN , DODO DODO
Published: July 2014

Nepenthes is one of the popular genus of pitcher plants. Research on the biodiversity and growth beharviour of Nepenthes spp. in Tanjung Puting National Park was carried out. There were four species studied, namely: N. ampullaria, N. mirabilis N. rafflesiana, and N. x. hookeriana,. There were about 2096 individuals recorded in this study consisting of 1322 N. ampullaria, 1332 N. mirabilis, 141 N. rafflesiana, and 111 N. x. hookeriana. Variation of tendril positions occurred in 1 rosette plant and 3 climbing stems (mature plants) of N. ampullaria, 2 rosettes and 9 mature N. mirabilis, 1 rosette and 4 mature N. rafflesiana, 2 rosettes and 2 mature N. x. hookeriana. Their habitats were also very specific. It was noted that 6 species of other plants were grown and associated with the Nepenthes spp.Key words: biodiversity, growth beharviour, Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes mirabilis, Nepenthes rafflesiana, Nepenthes x hokeriana, Tanjung Puting National Park.
Activities that related to feeding behaviour of sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) in captivity at night
Authors: FARIDA WARTIKA ROSA , PERDANA ARIA , DIAPARI DIDID , TJAKRADIDJAJA ANITA SARDIANA
Published: July 2014

Activities that related to feeding behaviour of sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) in captivity at night study on activity that related to feeding behaviour of sugar glider in captivity of small mammals at night has been conducted at the Division of Zoology, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Bogor. Feeds consisted of passion fruit, banana, guava, papaya, sweet corn, coconut, and bread and were given ad libitum. Four sugar glider consisting of two males and females were place in two cages. One zero sampling method was used to observe daily activity with interval every 15 minutes which was divided in two periods (06.00-11.45 pm and 00.15-06.00 am). Result of behaviour observation showed that feeding activity (13.65%), drinking activity (0.58%), urination activity (4.71%) and defecation activity (5.93%). Other activities are locomotion, grooming, and resting activities 42.59%; 23.54%; and 9.01%. Male and female sugar gliders different in their feeding activities and locomotion.Key words: feeding behaviour, sugar glider, captivity, night.
Insects diversity in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus)
Authors: SANJAYA YAYAN , SETIAWATI WIWIN
Published: July 2014

Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) is a vegetable which usually made as a home yard plant for Indonesian people to fulfill their daily needs. This plant has not been produced in the large number by the farmer. So it is hard to find in the market. Lima bean is light by many kind of insect. Inventory, identification and the study of insect taxon to this plant is being done to collect some information about the insect who life in the plant. The research was done in Balitsa experiment garden in the district of Lembang in Bandung regency on November 2003- February 2004, the experiment start at 4 weeks age, at the height of 1260 m over the sea level. The observation was made systematically by absolute method (D-vac macine) and relative method (sweeping net). The research so that there were 26 species of phytofagous insect, 9 species of predator insect, 6 species of parasitoid insect, 4 species of pollinator and 14 species of scavenger insect. According to the research the highest species number was got in the 8th week (3rd sampling), which had 27 variety of species, so the highest diversity was also got in this with 2,113 point. Aphididae and Cicadellidae was the most insect found in roay plant. The research also had high number of species insect so the diversity of insect and evenness become high. A community will have the high stability if it is a long with the high diversity. High evenness in community that has low species dominance and high species number of insect so the high of species richness.Key words: Phaseolus lunatus, diversity, dominance, evenness, richness
Natural colourant plant and the use of traditionally by tribe of Marori Men-Gey in Wasur National Park, Merauke Regency
Authors: HARBELUBUN ANTONIUS ETUS , KESAULIJA ELISA MARKUS , RAHAWARIN YOHANES YOSEPH
Published: July 2014

The aim of the research was to know the plant species which used as a natural colorant and its exploiting traditionally by Tribe of Marori Men-Gey. This Research was executed at area of Wasur National Park in Merauke regency. Method used was descriptive method with the direct observation technique in field. Result of research indicate that the natural colorant plant exploited by tribe of Marori Men-Gey as much 7 species included in 6 family that was Vaccinium sp. (Cacinaceae), Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae), Curcuma domestica Val. (Zingiberaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Ziziplus sp. (Myrtaceae), Gmelina sp. (Verbenaceae) and Zyzygium sp (Myrtaceae). Part of plant exploited cover the root, rhizome, bark, rubber, leaf and fruit. From 7 the colorant plant species, 4 species yielding color yellow that was Vaccinium sp., C. domestica, M. citrifolia and M. indica, 2 species yield the riddling that was Ziziplus sp. and Gmelina sp. and also 1 species yielding black color that was Zyzygium sp. Colorant plant exploited by tribe of Marori Men-Gey as traditional equipments colorant, food colorant and body colorantÂ Key words: natural colourant plant, Marori Men-Gey trible, Wasur National Park, Merauke.
Phytopharmaceuticals and phytochemicals evaluation on leaves and bark of Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulatri
Authors: SULIANTI SRI BUDI , KUNCARI EMMA SRI , CHAIRUL SOFNIE M.
Published: July 2014

Phytopharmaceuticals and phytochemicals evaluation on two species of Calophyllum (C. inophyllum and C. soulatri) had been done. Phytopharmaceuticals had been carried out by macro- and microscopic observation and also phytochemical screening by Ciuley Method (1984). Macromorphology of two species of Calophyllum was quite different. Leaf surface of C. inophyllum were obovate lamina, entire margin, obtuse apex, symmetrically base, petiole 1.5-2.0 cm, upper surface were green, shine, glabrous, occurrence of oil gland, and lower surface were long (hirsute), midrib, pinnate venation. C. soulatri were ovate lamina, entire margin, acute apex, symmetrically base, petiole 1.5-2.0 cm, upper surface were green but not shine, glabrous, no occurrence of oil glands and lower surface were long (hirsute), midrib, pinnate venation, green, and glabrous. Leaf dimension of C. inophyllum (Â± 20x10 cm2) was wider than C. soulatri (Â± 10x5 cm2). Leaf micromorphology of two species was also different in stomata type, C. inophyllum was paracytic type while C. soulatri was anisocytic type. Oil glands in C. inophyllum were higher than C. soulatri. There were no hair glands that found in these species. Micromorphology bark identified of two species showed that the number of oil glands in C. inophyllum is more than C. Soulatri, Ca oxalate of C. inophyllum is in simple and twin forms which C. soulatri is loose aggregates of numerous prisms which have grown together to form a roughly spherical mass which has projecting points and angles all over surface. Phytochemical screening identified that these species contents are have similar chemical groups (volatile oil, fatty acids, steroids/ triterpenes, tannin, flavonoids and reducing sugar). Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Calophyllum inophyllum, C. soulatri, Clusiaceae, phytopharmaceuticals and phytochemicals evaluation.
Inventory of orchids in Mount Tinombala Natural Reserve, Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: PUTRI DYAN MEININGSASI SISWOYO
Published: July 2014

The aims of the research were to inventory the flora of Sulawesi, especially orchids in the Mount Tinombala Natural Reserve and to collect the plant materials for planting as a collection plants in Bali Botanical Garden. The method used in this research was explorative method at the place with altitude more than 700 m above sea level. The result of the research was 50 collection number of orchids which was consist of 72 specimens, 19 families and 24 species found in the Mount Tinombala Natural Reserve, Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi. Two numbers of them that unidentified yet called as a genus dubious. Dendrobium and Eria were the genus that dominant in the natural reserve and one species that predicted as a new collection for the Bali Botanic Garden was Macodes petola Lindl. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: orchids, inventory, Mount Tinombala Natural Reserve, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi
Forest vegetation analysis of several altitudes in Wawouwai hill, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: PURWANINGSIH PURWANINGSIH
Published: July 2014

Study on forest vegetation at some different altitudes in Wawouwai hill, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi had been carried out by using quadrate method. The sampled plots were 100 m, 300 m and 500 m asl. The aims of this research were to know the species composition and forest structure of the reserve forest remain in Wawonii Island. Based on analyzed data from the three plots, it has been recorded totally 88 species plants belong to 70 genera and 39 families. Dominant species on each plot was different. The dominant species in plot I were Palaquium obovatum, Polyalthia sp., Santiria laevigata, and Garcinia sp. The dominant species in plot II were Kjellbergiodendron celebicum, Baccaurea javanica, Santiria laevigata, and Calophyllum soulatri. Xanthostemon confertiflorum, Podocarpus neriifolius, Garcinia celebica and Gulubia sp. were dominant species in plot III. Forest structure was reflected by tree height and diameter classes. Forest structure usually was catagorized in strata B ( 30 m high were still found, however in plot III most of trees had a small diameter and occupied strata C (< 10 m high). Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: vegetation, forest, altitude, Wawonii, Southeast Sulawesi
Abundance and natural food resources of birds in Manusela National Park, Seram, Central Mollucas
Authors: WIDODO WAHYU
Published: July 2014

The aim of this research was to know the abundance and natural food resources of birds in the Manusela National Park, Seram (Ceram), Central Moluccas. The observations were done by â€œline-transect methodsâ€, which in observe 70.50 hours totality. The results were found 51 species of birds in area of the national parks and 4 of all, namely red lory (Eos bornea), papuan hornbill (Rhyticeros plicatus), shining starling (Aplonis metallica), and grey-necked friarbird (Philemon subcorniculatus) were abundant. Fourty seven species of plants were known useful for 19 species of birds as the natural food resources, nesting-sites and roosting trees. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: species diversity, abundance, natural food resources, national park, Manusela
Waterbirds diversity in Peniti mangrove forest, Pontianak Regency
Authors: ELFIDASARI DEWI , JUNARDI JUNARDI
Published: July 2014

The aim of this research was to know waterbirds diversity in the Peniti mangrove forest, Pontianak Regency. This research was found 19 species (9 families) of waterbirds that living in the Peniti mangrove forest, Pontianak Regency, West Kalimantan. This identification showed that four species were member of Sternitidae Family, three species were member of Ardeidae Family, other three species were member of Anatidae Family, two species were member of Laridae Family, two species from Accipritidae Family, and Alcedinidae Family. One species from Ciconidae Family, Scolopacidae Family, and Ploceidae Family. Thirteen species of them were protected in Indonesia; there were Egretta garzetta, E. sacra, Ardea cinerea, Ciconia episcopus, Larus ridibundus, L. brunnicephalus, Sterna sumatrana, S. dougallii, Anous minutus, Gygis alba, Halcyon pileata, Todirhamphus chloris, and Lonchura fuscans. Lochura fuscans was belonging to Indonesian endemic birds, because we only found this bird species in Kalimantan Islands. Two species, Haliaetus leucogaster and Haliastur indus were the International protected species according to Appendix II Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: waterbirds, protected, endemic, species.