bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond 2000
Authors: McMahon Mary , Patton Wendy
Published: March 2013

Since its genesis in vocational guidance, career guidance and counselling has followed the approach developed in the early 1900s in the work of Parsons (1909). Indeed, the profession has been well served by this approach which has come to be known as the trait and factor approach. However, since the time of Parsons the world of work has changed dramatically. We are living in a time of rapid change. Thus society's needs in terms of career guidance and counselling are significantly different. For career guidance and counselling to remain a relevant force in the next century, career guidance practitioners are being challenged to move away from strict adherence to the traditional model toward more client-centred approaches.

One of the biggest challenges to existing practices comes from the influence of constructivism. The constructivist world view has been well documented in the field of counselling. In particular, it has influenced the development of solution-focused and narrative approaches to counselling, which are now well-established counselling modalities. However, it is only comparatively recently that the influence of constructivism has begun to be felt in career guidance and counselling. This paper will briefly examine the history and traditions of career guidance and counselling and discuss the changing nature of the world of work and the needs of clients. Following this, it will examine the nature of constructivism, the challenges and opportunities it presents, and its implications for career guidance and counselling practitioners.
Narrative Strategies in Career Education
Authors: Gibson Douglas
Published: March 2013

Constructivist thinking has provided a useful way to understand the way we think, act and feel. It has been influential in several fields but some careers areas have lagged in its practical application. Its proponents emphasise the interpretative nature of our actions and the storied nature of our lives. It is through their stories that “a window of opportunity” exists to help people to understand themselves and change aspects of their lives. This paper describes the use of constructivist approaches with groups and individuals. It suggests that there is a scope for greater use of constructivist-inspired strategies in career education and summarises some examples from secondary education. It proposes that a developmental sequence of narrative activities could be a useful addition to a career education program.
Reconstructing Careers
Authors: Murry Jeanette
Published: March 2013

The need for Australian undergraduates to develop sound career knowledge and skills is crucial to surviving in the new workplace. Changes in university education, employment practices and industrial legislation all contribute to a less secure working environment. These changes have accelerated over the past few years, and students need direction in navigating their way through a wide range of alternative career choices, employer contract options, continuing professional development, ongoing technological changes and increasing demands from employers for a wider range of generic skills.

The response to the changing workplace by most Australian universities is poor. A survey of Australian universities concluded that more than two-thirds of career services had experienced some form of funding cut in the 12 months leading up to May 1998, with only one university actually increasing its staffing levels. Career services are struggling to find a way to meet an increasing demand for services with significantly fewer resources. There has been little attention to the plight of career services and the larger implications for universities.

This paper presents the results of a survey of career services in Australia, and discusses the implications of these conflicting pressures and resulting changes to services. The paper also explores how universities could use career services to their strategic advantage, but most fail to do so. Career services are not central to university decision-making processes and are run using a minimalist approach. On a more positive note, some themes for best practice for the future are examined.
Interview with Judith Leeson
Authors: Athanasou James A.
Published: March 2013

In this section the Australian Journal of Career Development will present a series of interviews with key career professionals in Australia. Our first interview is with Judith Leeson, who is President of the Australian Association of Career Counsellors. Judith has just been selected as a career industry representative of the Department of Employment, Training and Youth Affairs delegation to an international careers symposium in Canada on 4–5 March.
Kuder Career Search with Person Match: The Third-Generation Approach
Authors: Zytowski Donald G.
Published: March 2013

The Kuder preference records have enjoyed a long and respected role in career guidance. Frederic Kuder introduced his first preference record in 1939, establishing the model of forced-choice responses and homogeneous vocational preference scales that was the basis for the present Kuder General Interest Survey. In its second generation, the Kuder Occupational Interest Survey, it was enlarged to include criterion group scales revealing the survey-taker's similarity with persons in an array of more than 140 occupations and college majors. A third generation has been developed in the past decade: Kuder Career Search with Person Match. In this version, the survey-taker's vocational preferences are matched not with occupations, but with each of a number of persons in an array of occupations representing the full spectrum of the world of work. This article introduces Kuder's radical approach to career guidance.
Working Together to Improve Vocational and Career Opportunities for Students
Authors: Dixon Kathryn
Published: March 2013

This paper explores the institutionalisation of career and vocational education programs in secondary schools. In particular, the research represents the major findings of a doctoral study and investigates the institutionalisation of vocational education programs in six Western Australian government secondary schools. Five specific objectives formed the basis of the research. First, the study aimed to determine the meanings teachers construct for career and vocational education. Second, the direct effects of this personal construction of meaning on the organisational assimilation and institutionalisation of vocational education was examined. Third, the study determined the relationships between these variables and, fourth, investigated the effectiveness of a causal model of variables using the method of path analysis. The fifth objective was to develop an instrument to measure the institutionalisation of these programs in secondary schools.

Teachers' construction of meaning for vocational programs involved their perceptions of the curriculum as being divided between those areas that offered an “academic” experience as opposed to those that were more closely linked to “creativity”. This appeared to be the way in which teachers created meaning for a wide range of subject areas. While trends in school reform are conducive to new forms of vocational education, the two “worlds” of academic and vocational education tend to remain quite distinct. This research indicates that locating the key to decreasing the bias some teachers have towards vocational courses could be compounded by the fact that the very notion of “vocational education” does not even enter the psychological continuum for creating meaning in the first place.
Occupational Aspirations of Sixth-Grade Children
Authors: McMahon Mary , Carroll John , Gillies Robyn M.
Published: March 2013

The present study examined the occupational aspirations of sixth-grade children in terms of occupational category, minimum education level and gender. In addition, the study identified the sources of occupational information used by the children and the factors they thought could influence them toward or away from a job. The study found that all of the children were able to express occupational aspirations. While the children obtained occupational information from a range of sources, including the media and family, the source most likely to influence them toward or away from choosing a job was family.
Senior Students' Views on Career Information
Authors: Patton Wendy , McCrindle Andrea
Published: March 2013

This study surveyed 3846 Queensland Year 12 students' perceptions of sources of information about post-school options. Free response items addressed what was the most useful information received on post-school options and what further information was required. The written responses were analysed using a content analysis approach. People were the most commonly nominated resource, followed by publications and personal research. This finding was different, however, for young people not intending to undertake tertiary study. Comparisons were also made on gender, with females generally making more comment about information sources. Students requested more information on their options, advice and finances.
A Career Education Program for Gifted High School Students
Authors: Boyd Graham , Hemmings Brian , Braggett Eddie
Published: March 2013

This article reports the development of a career education program for gifted high school students in a New South Wales selective, coeducational high school. The program replaced a previous approach that was demand-responsive, generic in approach, and not aligned with student needs. A needs analysis of the school and a formative evaluation were undertaken to ensure successful redevelopment of the program. These evaluations resulted in the following changes to the school's program: earlier and more flexible career awareness opportunities; increased scope for clarification of values; inclusion of psychological, psychocreative, and social elements; integration of career education and student welfare; lifelong learning emphases; aspiration enhancement for particular students; strategy employment for females; and an expansion in community learning opportunities. A program influenced by these elements was then highlighted as a best-practice exemplar.
Career Information, Guidance and Counselling Services
Authors: Sweet Richard
Published: March 2013

Throughout member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), a number of important policy directions are placing increasing demands upon career information and guidance services. A growing emphasis upon lifelong learning for all and active employment and welfare policies are among the more important. Yet alongside these pressures for wider community access to career assistance services, recent OECD work reveals weaknesses in the organisation and delivery of career information, guidance and counselling. A key challenge facing governments is to widen access to these services in an affordable way and yet to maintain their quality. This paper describes a new OECD activity on policies for career information, guidance and counselling services that will examine this challenge.
Advertised Jobs in the Human Services
Authors: Kennedy Rosemary , Harvey Judy
Published: March 2013

This paper concerns advice for people wishing to prepare themselves through education and other means for work in the human services In Australia. It briefly outlines the human services, the jobs, professional and occupational groups of which they are comprised, and employment prospects in them. It reports in more detail on a study of human service job advertisements from 1997 to 2000 in both a South Australian and a national newspaper. From data in the advertisements it comments briefly on implications for educators, the professions and employers, and elaborates on implications for prospective employees and students.
Career Education: What We Know, What We Need to Know
Authors: Patton Wendy
Published: March 2013

Two major influences are impacting on the nature of educational and career services in Australia, and indeed worldwide. First, well-documented changes in the world of work have changed our understanding of ‘career’ and increased the importance of, and changed the nature of, education and career services. Second, changing theoretical paradigms have challenged the traditional nature of practice. Challenges to the way career work is conducted are therefore theoretically and contextually driven. Career work needs to be reconceptualised as lifelong learning if individuals are to construct satisfying life careers for themselves within changing environments. This paper will outline the changing context in which career education operates, provide some clarification about definitions within this field, and outline a brief history of career education in Australia and the strengthening points of rationale for its inclusion in career development contexts. Finally this paper will detail the research support for career education, posit some questions that we still need to address, and provide some insights into its future.
Process Evaluation of An Internet Career Fair
Authors: McIlveen Peter , Gibson Ellen , Fallon Sharlene , Ross Paul
Published: March 2013

This evaluation describes the development of an internet version of a career fair. The ‘internet career fair’ was developed in response to the growing demand for e-recruitment in the graduate employment market, and the need to provide employment-related career services to external university students. In order to conserve resources and to assess what could be achieved with limited resources, the development process took a ‘minimalist’ approach based on static web pages, rather than a virtual chat-room approach. Twenty major employers registered with the internet career fair. The site attracted over 61,000 hits from the student body. It was recommended that the minimalist approach be retained for future internet career fairs.
Transition in Career Counselling Practice: What Can Solution-Oriented Counselling Offer?
Authors: McMahon Mary , Adams Mandy , Lim Ros
Published: March 2013

The counselling profession has been challenged to respond to the demands of an Increasingly complex and rapidly changing world. In personal counselling, the response has seen the increased adoption of principles, processes and approaches informed by the constructivist worldview, such as solution-oriented counselling and narrative counselling. Such a response is less evident in career counselling, which continues to be dominated by the approaches of the traditional positivist worldview. However, the early stages of a transition in career counselling are becoming more evident. This article overviews the antecedents of transition in career counselling and explores the influence of the constructivist and traditional positivist worldviews on elements of career counselling. Further, it examines the possible contribution of solution-oriented counselling and illustrates its application to career counselling.
Structured Mentoring: Career and Transition Support: Service for Girls
Authors: McMahon Mary , Limerick Brigid , Gillies Jan
Published: March 2013

Increased recognition of the complexity of the world of work into which our young people are entering has resulted in calls for greater provision of career and transition support. In addition, concerns have been expressed about girls' low participation rates in growth industries such as retailing and communications/information technology. The present paper describes a short-term mentoring program that focused specifically on these two issues, namely the provision of career and transition support for young people and the promotion of growth industries to girls. The findings indicated that mentoring may be an effective career guidance intervention in schools and that it is an appropriate intervention for promoting career exploration for girls.
A Snapshot of New Zealand Career Practitioners
Authors: Furbish Dale S.
Published: March 2013

Career practice in New Zealand has only recently achieved a professional standing. Prior to career practice establishing itself as a separate profession, career counselling and related services were provided by a variety of practitioners from various disciplines and training. In order to establish demographic, training, and service characteristics of current New Zealand career practitioners, a mail survey of the members of the Career Practitioners Association of New Zealand was conducted. The results of this survey are presented in this article.
A Career Planning Program for Malaysian Secondary School Students
Authors: Mey See Ching
Published: March 2013

A Career Planning Program was formulated for counsellors in the secondary schools in Malaysia. This program comprised four inventories that are closely related to career choices, such as personality, interest, competency and value. Values was included because it is an important aspect in the culture of Malaysians and influences career decisions. These four areas were assessed and collated under Holland's six RIASEC scales. The program was tested and a coding procedure to determine its vocational combinations was established. This program also included a localised Dictionary of RIASEC Occupational Classification for the counsellors to refer and guide their students in deciding their career path.
A Stocktake of the Economics of Vocational Education and Training in Australia: Some Implications for Career Development
Authors: Smith Chris Selby
Published: March 2013

This article addresses four specific aspects of research into vocational education and training in Australia which were included in a book published in mid-2001 by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research: the changing skill requirements of Australian industry, modelling industry's demand for vocational education and training, enterprise accounting for skills (since whether an enterprise perceives its training expenditures as a cost, or as an investment, influences its decisions about how much training to undertake, of what kinds, and for whom) and provision of vocational education and training in secondary schools, considering especially the significant features of the various approaches, the profiles of participating students (and their destinations) and the costs involved. The article identifies some implications of the research for those concerned with career development in Australia.
Training for Career Development Professionals: Responding to Supply and Demand in the Next Decade
Authors: Patton Wendy
Published: March 2013

In a changing context of career and career work, the need for appropriately prepared career development professionals to support the complexity of career decision-making across the life span is greater than ever before. This article will describe the changing nature of career work and the changing role of career personnel. It argues for an increase in training opportunities for individuals involved in this field, and suggests the need for changes in the nature of the training programs offered.
The Systems Theory Framework of Career Development: History and future Directions
Authors: McMahon Mary
Published: March 2013

Since the 1980s, rapid changes in the world of work have challenged the capacity of career theory to provide adequate explanations of career and career development and the ability of traditional career practice to respond to the varied career development needs of clients in this new work environment It was against this complex and rapidly changing context that the Systems Theory Framework of career development (STF) was created. This article will review the history and development of the STF since its first publication as a contextual model in the inaugural edition of the Australian Journal of Career Development in November 1992.
Vocationally Orientated Rehabilitation Service Requests: The Case of Employed Persons Experiencing a Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Young Amanda E. , Murphy Gregory C.
Published: March 2013

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has a dramatic effect on the lives of those affected. As those injured are typically relatively young adults, the interruption to careers and vocational plans is often significant. While return to work following SCI has been well investigated, little is known about the process by which people regain employment post-injury. This investigation aimed to study participants' perceptions regarding the adequacy of the vocational rehabilitation services they received. Data was collected through personal interview with 168 persons with a SCI who were employed at the time of their injury. Participants were asked if they believed they could have been assisted by additional services provided with the aim of facilitating their return-to-work attempts. More than half of the participants believed they would have benefited from additional services. The most commonly requested additional services were: more discussion of vocational options and alternatives, and the timely follow-up of vocational issues. Analysis of subgroup differences indicated that rural-based study participants had clear and precise ideas for how vocational rehabilitation services might be improved.
Reconceptualising the Vocational Rehabilitation Process Using a Career Development Approach
Authors: Buys Nicholas , Hensby Sharon , Rennie Jocelyn
Published: March 2013

The traditional job placement approach to vocational rehabilitation service delivery is no longer sustainable in terms of delivering meaningful employment outcomes for people with disabilities. For vocational rehabilitation to be relevant in the current labour market to the needs and aspirations of this population, a conceptual shift is required in the focus of service delivery. This paper suggests that an approach focused on career development is warranted, and to this end, a model of career development for vocational rehabilitation underpinned by systems theory is presented. The application of the model is illustrated through the use of a case study and the implications of the model for rehabilitation practice are explored.
Unconscious Influences on Career Choice: Entrepreneur Vs. Manager
Authors: Malach-Pines Ayala
Published: March 2013

While a large and rapidly growing literature attests to the interest in managers and entrepreneurs, relatively little research focused on comparing these two ‘leaders of the organisational stage’. This type of comparison has a special significance for career counsellors. The current paper addresses the unconscious influences on the career choice of managers and entrepreneurs using a psychoanalytic-existential framework and two case studies that demonstrate its application. The two examples demonstrate the manager's positive identification with their father compared to the entrepreneur's negative identification with father. Implications for career counselling are suggested.
Evaluation of a Career Assistance Program for Youth-Aged Cricketers
Authors: Bobridge Kate , Gordon Sandy , Walker Annette , Thompson Rob
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a career assistance program for youth-aged male cricketers. Prior to and immediately following a 14-week program an experimental and control group of under 17 male cricketers were administered the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (Identity Foreclosure) Scale, and Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI). The experimental group reported significant improvements in career goal decidedness, assistance with specific career skills, increased confidence and decision-making ability, increased awareness of career options, and increased awareness of a need for a career outside sport. The preliminary evidence supports career assistance programming among youth-aged athletes.
The Baby and the Bathwater: Making a Case for Work Experience
Authors: Green Annette , Smith Erica
Published: March 2013

Few Australian school students, particularly those completing their senior secondary years, now leave school without some experience of workplaces. While well over half of school students now have part-time work, the traditional work experience program is still the most common way in which secondary students gain some knowledge of workplaces. However, little policy attention is expended on work experience and it is viewed in some quarters as a ‘poor relation’ of structured work placements, which form part of VET in schools programs. This article presents findings about work experience derived from a recent study of school students' learning in workplaces. School-based case studies and employer interviews were used to augment the data from a survey of 1451 school students. Despite other forms of workplace engagement becoming more common, it is argued that work experience should be retained. While aspects of work experience can be improved, it is argued that the baby should not be thrown out with the bathwater.
A Model of Career Counselling Practice for Use with Unemployed Clients Referred from Employment Agencies
Authors: McTurk Carolyn A.
Published: March 2013

This article presents an overview of a practical approach to providing career counselling for unemployed clients of employment agencies. The intervention was designed not simply to generate information from the client, but to generate insight and promote self-esteem in the client. There is as much emphasis on the process itself and the awareness it heightens as on the simultaneous and almost incidental identification of vocational aspirations and pathways. The goal of intervention is to identify ways to improve the employability of the client, not simply to reduce the numbers of unemployed.
The Chaos Theory of Careers
Authors: Pryor Robert G. L. , Bright Jim
Published: March 2013

Most contemporary theories of career development have difficulty taking into account current realities of career decision-making including complexity, change, constructivism and chance. We sought a conceptual formulation that incorporated the best of contemporary theories in a larger framework, which at the same time incorporated such realities. Under the influence of four intellectual currents—contextualism/ecology; systems theory; realism/constructivism; and chaos theory—an attempt was made to adumbrate a chaos theory of careers emphasising complexity, order, randomness and sensitivity to non-linear change.
Vet in Schools: The Adoption of National Training Packages in a Secondary School Setting
Authors: Dixon Kathryn , Pelliccione Lina
Published: March 2013

Growing pressure is being placed on schools, as students, employers and governments look at the economic, demographic and vocational environments of the present, and expect schools to adequately prepare students for an ever widening post-school vocational future. A major factor contributing to the lack of adoption of any new innovations is the entrenched attitudes of the teaching staff and a reluctance to change. In differing forms, Vocational Education and Training programs have been circling the change process in Australian schools since 1930, yet still are in the adoption and implementation phase rather than having become institutionalised and embedded in the life of schools. It is clear that the way teachers construct meaning for innovations is a major factor in whether innovations are institutionalised in schools. However, this paper also investigates the influences of organisational culture, infrastructure, leadership and policy on the adoption of National Training Packages and their components in a West Australian case-study school.
Competencies of an Entry-Level Career Counsellor in Higher Education
Authors: Mcgregor-Bayne Heather , Mcilveen Peter , Bayne Gregory
Published: March 2013

This applied research addressed the issue of competencies for entry-level practitioners in the profession of career counselling. It specifically addressed those competencies required for the industry sector of higher education, as distinct from general career counselling and school career counselling. The research found that there has been progress towards documentation and agreement on competencies for career counsellors. However, there has been only limited work specific to the higher education sector. A survey of industry professionals was used to determine the status of 28 proposed competencies that were drawn from previous research using a nominal group method. The results indicate an overwhelming endorsement of the majority of the competencies. Further research is required to enhance the validity of the survey results and to begin work on the detail of performance criteria and elements underpinning the competencies.
Career and Degree Choice at Transition to University
Authors: Walck Donna , Hensby Sharon
Published: March 2013

First year students' degree and career decision-making has been found to be important to their satisfaction with degrees, making a successful transition into university studies, and finding motivation to persist with degree choices. Counsellors at Griffith University Gold Coast campus initiated a research project to investigate degree and career decision-making needs of first year students. The findings of this research indicated the majority of students were satisfied with what they were doing and where they were heading, but a substantial proportion was uncertain of their degree and career plans, and indicated they had not received enough help in decision-making prior to commencing university. Results indicate that providing assistance can be of benefit, and this assistance should be timed appropriately and matched to students' needs. The type of assistance should vary from normalising messages about being uncertain, through to more extensive assistance when it is required.
Managing the Presence of Personal Issues in Career Counselling: Using Transactional Analysis with Possible Selves
Authors: Parkin Fran , Plimmer Geoff
Published: March 2013

Research indicates that career counsellors who integrate a client's personal issues into career counselling are rated more highly in terms of effective outcomes (Kirschner, Hoffman & Hill, 1994; Nevo, 1990). The challenge is how to address the personal and feeling component of clients' lives within career counselling contexts, where there is limited time and money. This paper presents a working solution. It argues for the use of the possible selves construct, as a framework for career counsellors to work with their clients in the processes of career development, and transactional analysis as a framework for the processes of career counselling.
An E-Portfolio for Leisure Sciences Students: A Case Study at Edith Cowan University
Authors: Colyer Sue , Howell Julie
Published: March 2013

The benefits of an electronic portfolio as an educational tool, as well as a career tool, for leisure sciences students are discussed, and concerns with electronic portfolio implementation are raised. This paper also outlines briefly the prototype of the e-Portfolio developed for leisure sciences students. Responses from student evaluations indicate the range of students' confidence at the commencement of the project and at the conclusion of the unit. While students were confident about the portfolio process generally, their confidence in presenting an electronic version remained low. Some suggestions for assisting students are provided. Research suggestions for the application of the electronic portfolio for career planning and development are also discussed.
Career Maturity of Australian and South African High School Students: Developmental and Contextual Explanations
Authors: Patton Wendy , Watson Mark B. , Creed Peter A.
Published: March 2013

The present study investigates the career maturity of 1090 high school students in Years 8 to 12 in Australia (n = 656) and South Africa (n = 434). Scores on the Australian version of the Career Development Inventory were analysed. While a developmental explanation for career maturity was supported, gender differences between countries and differences at school transition points were found. The relevance of school career education programs to prepare students for career decisions is discussed.
Career Education for Muslim Girls: Developing Culturally Sensitive Provision
Authors: Irving Barrie A. , Barker Vivienne
Published: March 2013

Research undertaken in England during 1999 identified that ethnic minority groups have diverse career needs, and while this is generally recognised few initiatives had been instigated to address them. If the career education needs of Muslim girls are to be effectively met, a shift away from a predominantly ethnocentric provision, based on western values, is required. This article explores the impact of religion and culture on Muslim girls' career choices, and provides a rationale for the development of culturally appropriate career education for this group. An overview of the ‘Muslim Girls Careers Education Pack’ developed by the authors during 2002 is provided, initial findings from an ongoing evaluation are discussed, and issues concerning the introduction and management of differentiated provision are considered.
A Career Counsellor Internship Program
Authors: McLlveen Peter
Published: March 2013

The issue of training career counsellors in Australia requires considerable review in respect to theory and practice. This paper describes an internship model of training career counsellors. The model is derived from a current program of workplace training for candidates doing their masters in psychology. The program takes a competency-based format and engages interns in the work of career counselling in the higher education sector. The value of competency-based learning and the integration of training into extant professional degrees are highlighted as promising avenues for the development of career counsellors.
Field of Study and Employment Outcomes: An Analysis of Tafe Graduates
Authors: Tunny Gene
Published: March 2013

An important aim of the vocational educational and training system is to improve the employability and employment outcomes of students. The TAFE Student Outcomes Survey allows an investigation of the factors associated with employability of different individuals. Significantly for policy makers, it provides data on the course of study undertaken and institute attended. This paper models the probability that a TAFE student is employed as opposed to unemployed in the following year after graduation. It is found that non-English speaking background and disabled students have significantly lower employment outcomes than other students. One field of study, science—which includes mostly information technology courses—was associated with lower employment prospects than others. A tentative conclusion is drawn that higher-level qualifications result in better employment outcomes.
Practitioner Beware! A Critical Reflection on the Theoretical Assumptions that Inform Practice
Authors: Walker Karen
Published: March 2013

Underpinning the practice of career counsellors is a range of various theories and perspectives. The concept of self-esteem is a term frequently used by those in the helping professions and often with little regard for its limitations. This article argues that careers counsellors need to keep up-to-date with evolving theories that inform their practice. The theory of self-esteem has been much researched-instruments have been developed to ‘measure’ self-esteem, which have little validity and grave weaknesses in assumed links between self-esteem and social behaviour. Theories of self-efficacy and learned helplessness are offered as alternative theories on which career counsellors may base their approach. Again the caution is sounded, career counsellors need to be prepared to constantly review the theories that we base our practice on, in the light of new research and understanding.
Coaching for Career Development and Leadership Development: An Intelligent Career Approach
Authors: Parker Polly , Arthur Michael B.
Published: March 2013

Change, ambiguity and shifting relationships are recurrent themes in contemporary career development. In turn, personal success in the unfolding knowledge economy calls for self-awareness, adaptability and the ability to work with others. A challenge in career coaching is to help people better develop these kinds of skills, and in turn to help people to contribute better to the contemporary knowledge-driven organisation (Drucker, 1999). A similar coaching challenge applies when working with current or aspirant leaders, namely those charged with helping or seeking to help the knowledge-driven organisation succeed. These leaders need to be successful in their own careers, and to simultaneously encourage and support other people's contributions to the organisation. In the knowledge economy, a different, more relational, style of leadership is required (Shamir, 1999).
Decolonisation through Critical Career Research and Action: Maori Women and Accountancy
Authors: Mcnicholas Patty , Humphries Maria
Published: March 2013

The call for a just social order in Aotearoa (New Zealand) includes the transformation of mono-cultural institutions such as the accountancy profession. Maori women accountants in this research expressed concern about maintaining their identity as Maori while participating in the corporate culture of the firms in which they are employed. These women helped form a Maori accountants' network and special interest groups to support and encourage Maori in the profession. They are working within the organisation and the discipline of accounting to create new knowledge and practice, through which their professional careers as accountants may be enhanced without the diminishing of those values that give life to te ao Maori (a Maori perspective).
A Snapshot of Australian University Career Services
Authors: Mckenzie Malcolm , Howell Julie
Published: March 2013

For almost 100 years, career services in Australian universities have been providing assistance to students. Along with providing students with career development learning opportunities and employment services, career services have the potential to cross boundaries. Career services work with all faculties and disciplines of study, form vital links and partnerships with employers, liaise with organisations representing professional associations and work with prospective students. As universities make their own decisions about the type of career development support they offer their students, the level of this service has varied. In this context, the role of university career services within the Australian career community is unique. Often unnoticed by policy makers and funding bodies, traditionally career practitioners within these services have quietly delivered quality career services to diverse student populations. This article provides an overview of the career services in Australian universities. It begins with a brief history of the development of career services and the significant shifts leading to changes in these services, before noting the key roles undertaken by career services today and the importance of their work. The final section reviews some of the possible challenges facing career services in the future.
A Virtual Careers Fair
Authors: Leece Rhonda
Published: March 2013

In Australia, careers fairs have traditionally been one of the avenues used by major companies to recruit their graduate staff. Most Australian universities have a one- or two-day event of this type to promote their graduates to employers and to expose their students to employment opportunities. Attendance at careers fairs is expensive for employers, and problematic for students who may be studying externally or working part-time. The concept of a Virtual Careers Fair was initially a response to the difficulties of providing a careers event that would be accessible to employers and the full range of students at a regional university. This case study examines the effectiveness of the Virtual Careers Fair in providing graduate employment information to students in Australia and New Zealand.
Student E-Portfolio: The Successful Implementation of an E-Portfolio across a Major Australian University
Authors: Mccowan Col , Harper Wendy , Hauville Kim
Published: March 2013

In 2002, a project team was established at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) to build and implement an e-portfolio for each of the 40,000 students. Its success depended on adopting a systemic approach where access was made available to students as a routine part of their life at QUT. The project team adopted a comprehensive model, so the system could meet a variety of purposes and audience needs and it was customised to integrate with existing QUT systems. Business requirements were commissioned and the project was implemented in manageable steps interspersed with trials and feedback. The underlying philosophy, decisions made, steps taken, feedback and future developments are outlined.
‘Of Never Quite Knowing What I Might Be’: Using Chaos Counselling with University Students
Authors: Davey Rhyll P. , Bright Jim E.H. , Pryor Robert G.L. , Levin Kirsty
Published: March 2013

This study examined the efficacy of video-based chaos counselling of university students. In this study, 42 university students watched a video that presented student case studies emphasising chaotic concepts. Career decision-making measures and measures of stress were taken one week prior, immediately after and one week after the video presentation. The chaos intervention had a positive impact on career decision-making self-efficacy and career exploration behaviours. Overall, the results support the use of a chaos video intervention. Implications for careers practice and future research are discussed.
University Career Service and Social Justice
Authors: Mcilveen Peter , Everton Bradley , Clarke John
Published: March 2013

This article describes the social justice activities facilitated by a university careers service. The article includes a discussion on the relationship between social justice and career development in higher education. Working examples of the activities provided by the career service focus on the delivery of career-related services to students who are represented by the major equity groups identified within the Australian higher education sector The importance of theoretically informed practice and collaboration between campus agencies is emphasised as a means of achieving social justice outcomes.
The Role of E-Portfolios in Graduate Recruitment
Authors: Leece Rhonda
Published: March 2013

Portfolios have been used for many years for a number of different purposes. An increased access to technology has resulted in portfolios being presented in an electronic format, but there is no real evidence that employers respond positively to the electronic form—especially if it does not interface with their own electronic application processes. A survey emailed to Australian employers of graduates was used to gather feedback regarding the use of e-portfolios in the graduate recruitment process. The survey results suggest that employers may not be receptive to online presentation. Recommendations from this survey are that employers' willingness to use e-portfolios needs to be nurtured and proponents of e-portfolios need to communicate the benefits of use to employers. In the early stages, tertiary careers advisory services should use caution in recommending that students use online e-portfolios during the application process.
Integrating Career Education in a Primary School
Authors: Proctor Jenni
Published: March 2013

Career education concepts have been integrated into the curriculum at a primary school in Brisbane. Essential elements of relevant syllabus documents were identified and used as the basis of planned career education strategies. The existing curriculum was examined in the light of career competencies. All career-related learning that had already formed part of the education experience of the students was identified and grouped under the three main areas of competencies of the Australian Blueprint for Career Development. A three-year program of annual career days has been implemented, with a strong curriculum basis to enhance the children's understanding as they learn about different careers. By integrating career development competencies into the school curriculum, teachers, parents and students have embraced career education.
Counsellor and Teacher Collaboration in Classroom-Based Career Guidance
Authors: Chen Charles P.
Published: March 2013

High school students in North America, namely, the United States and Canada, encounter the challenge of the school-to-school and school-to-work transition, and they need considerable help for career guidance and counselling. Yet, the guidance and counselling resources of the school system are often stretched to their limits. This article proposes an alternative for the career guidance initiative to reach out to a massive student population by establishing effective counsellor—teacher collaboration in the classroom setting. The background and rationale for this collaboration will be examined and the critical communication dynamics and process in forming this collaboration will be elaborated on. Finally, several collaboration strategies are offered that can work to enhance classroom-based career education and guidance initiative.
A Narrative Sentence-Completion Process for Systems Career Assessment
Authors: McIlveen Peter , Ford Tanya , Dun Kristine
Published: March 2013

Constructivist and narrative approaches to career counselling have emerged as viable practical alternatives to traditional models. This article describes the development of a career counselling assessment process that is based upon notions derived from constructivism, narrative, and systems theory. The technique utilises a sentence-completion method to facilitate clients' exploration of personal career systems. Evaluation of the technique indicates that clients experienced a positive reaction and no negative reaction to the process. Furthermore, there was tentative evidence that it may impact upon the positive expectations for their career counselling.
Australian Artists, Starving and Well-Nourished: What Can we Learn from the Prototypical Protean Career?
Authors: Bridgstock Ruth
Published: March 2013

Recent literature documents the demise of traditional linear careers and the rise of protean, boundaryless, or portfolio careers, typified by do-it-yourself career management and finding security in ongoing employability rather than ongoing employment. This article identifies key attributes of the ‘new career’, arguing that individuals with careers in the well-established fields of fine and performing arts often fit into the ‘new careerist’ model. Employment/career data for professional fine artists, performing artists and musicians in Australia is presented to support this claim. A discussion of the meta-competencies and career-life management skills essential to navigate the boundaryless work world is presented, with specific reference to Australian artists, and recommendations for future research.
Critical Reflections: Making Sense of Career
Authors: Dyer Suzette
Published: March 2013

In this article the five career narratives of three siblings and two unemployed men are drawn upon to critically examine the use of contemporary career discourse as a means to negotiate changes to work since the 1980s and to the present time. A critical analysis enables contemporary career discourse and workplace change to be located within the historic, sociopolitical, and economic context. The five career narratives could be described by drawing upon various contemporary career models. However, these models failed to account for the participants' less optimistic experiences. Their experiences are micro-level examples of macrolevel trends associated with structural adjustment programs, organisational restructuring, and increased global competition. Careers theorists, practitioners, and administrators are in a unique position to become proactive in drawing political attention to the less positive outcomes of workplace change.