bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision of the Nearctic species of the Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gemmatum species complex (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Gardner Joel , Gibbs Jason
Published: February 2023

The Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gemmatum species complex, also known as the L. tegulare species group and the L. parvum species complex, is a very common, widespread, diverse, and recognisable lineage of sweat bees, containing 22 previously described species and several known undescribed species. The species were recently revised for the eastern Nearctic region and the Greater Antilles, but remain poorly known in the western Nearctic along with most other L. (Dialictus). These characteristics make it a prime candidate for revision in ongoing taxonomic work on the western Nearctic L. (Dialictus). Here we present the results of this revision, including 10 new species descriptions, one new synonymy, a preliminary phylogeny, and keys to known Nearctic species. Species of the eastern Nearctic and a few primarily Neotropical species which can occur in the Nearctic are also included. We report that the L. (D.) gemmatum species complex is likely a monophyletic group arising from the L. (D.) comulum group, but that the enlarged tegula has arisen independently in at least two other L. (Dialictus) lineages, and it contains multiple cases of allopatric speciation. The following species are described as new: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) angelicum sp. nov., L. (D.) deludens sp. nov., L. (D.) diabolicum sp. nov., L. (D.) eremum sp. nov., L. (D.) gloriosum sp. nov., L. (D.) indagator sp. nov., L. (D.) holzenthali sp. nov., L. (D.) magnitegula sp. nov., L. (D.) profundum sp. nov., and L. (D.) rufodeludens sp. nov. Previously undescribed males of L. (D.) perparvum (Ellis, 1914) and L. (D.) pseudotegulare (Cockerell, 1896) and the female of L. (D.) gaudiale (Sandhouse, 1924) are diagnosed and figured for the first time. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) hunteri (Crawford, 1932) is a new subjective junior synonym of L. (D.) ellisiae (Sandhouse, 1924). Pre-2022 specimen records of L. (D.) hunteri and L. (D.) tegulariforme (Crawford, 1907) are attributable to a heterogeneous mix of species, and records of L. (D.) perparvum are likely attributable to L. (D.) deludens.
Antibacterial Activity of Staphylococcus capitis, Bacillus cereus, Pantoea dispersa From Telang Flower (Clitoria ternatea L) Kombucha Bath Soap as a Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Product
Authors: Kolo Yuliana , Rezaldi Firman , Fadillah M. Fariz , Ma'ruf Aris , Pertiwi Fernanda Desmak , Hidayanto Fajar
Published: February 2023

Telang lower kombucha is a probiotic drink that has the potential to enhance the immune system, active cosmetic ingredients, and its waste has been proven to be used as an organic liquid fertilizer preparation. The purpose of this study was to make a formulation and preparation of liquid bath soap with an active ingredient in a solution of seagrass kombucha fermentation at a sugar concentration of 20%, 30%, and 40% in inhibiting the growth of S. capitis, B. cereus, and P. dispersa bacteria. via the disc diffusion method. The results of the study have proven that based on the post hoc test analysis, kombucha bath soap at a concentration of 40% is significantly different from the concentration of 20% and 30% but not significantly different from the positive control and the concentration of 40% is the best concentration in inhibiting the growth of the three test bacteria. compared with the treatment and the two comparisons.
SLEEP QUALITY AND CHRONOTYPE DIFFERENCES IN CORRELATION TO THE BALANCE CONTROL IN JUVENILE ELITE SPEED SKATERS
Authors: Kulma Pavel
Published: February 2023

Sleep is one of the main tools of regeneration, thanks to which physical and psychological parameters are restored and thus balances the negative impact of stress on the human body. The aim of the study is to analyze sleep quality and chronotype differences in correlation to the balance control in juvenile elite speed skaters. For the research survey it was selected 20 speed skaters (age average 17.6 years) from four elite Czech speed skating clubs. The following methods were used: content analysis, Life Rhythm and Sleep Questionnaire, University of Pittsburgh Questionnaire on Sleep Quality (PSQI), and a battery of functional balance tests. The measured data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using numerical and graphical methods, absolute and relative frequencies. The analysis of the results showed a positive correlation between the M-E score and the performance in the functional balance tests, and also showed a significant difference in the Bass test between men and women. Furthermore, it was found that men achieved a lower M-E score than women Deteriorated level of mental health was found in 10% of the examined speed skaters. The research survey thus showed that the global trend of today's society, which is a strong inclination to the evening typology, also applies to juvenile elite athletes, which is an undesirable phenomenon in terms of balance control and performance in speed skating. The results of the presented study may be useful for training focus of coaches or athletes.
ASSESMENT AUTENTIK UNTUK EVALUASI PEMBELARAN IPA PADA MADRASAH IBTIDAYAH
Authors: Ana Mar Di , Mauidzati Nida
Published: February 2023

Abstract: Evaluasi merupakan salah komponen penting dan tahap yang harus ditempuh oleh guru untuk mengetahui keefektifan pembelajaran. Hasil yang diperoleh dapat dijadikan balikan (feed-back) bagi guru dalam memperbaiki dan menyempurnakan program dan kegiatan pembelajaran. Sesuai tuntutan kurikulum 2013 kegiatan evaluasi harus dijalnakan berbasis dengan assessment autentik yaitu penilaian berbasis kinerja karena digunakan untuk menilai kinerja peserta didik dalam menampilkan tugas-tugas (tasks) yang bermakna. Selain itu penilaian otentik dipadankan pula dengan nama direct assessment karena penilaian otentik lebih banyak bukti langsung dari penerapan keterampilan dan  peserta didik.Keywords: Assesment Autentik,  Evaluasi, Pembelaran IPA
Spatial Conservation Prioritization Of Kansas For Terrestrial Vertebrates
Authors:   , Rohweder Megan
Published: February 2023

Biological diversity is being threatened by the encroachment of humans, which limits the habitat available for conservation and strains resources allocated for conservation efforts. However conservation goals have to be achieved within these limitations. Conservation priorities can ensure that habitat and resources are used effectively and efficiently. I developed a conservation prioritization plan for the terrestrial vertebrates of Kansas. I used modeled distributions of every terrestrial vertebrate species found in Kansas to build three biodiversity indices; species richness, vulnerability, and endemicity. Kansas was divided into a grid of planning units, 34.5 km2. For each taxonomic group the planning units were ranked using an algorithm that incorporated complementarity. Planning units with high ranks were considered high priority for conservation efforts. Comparing the planning unit ranks to the planning unit ranks with existing reserves prioritized tested the effectiveness of existing Kansas reserves. For amphibians, vulnerable birds, and vulnerable mammals including existing reserves in a conservation plan is an effective start. I did a post hoc threat analysis to assess the persistence of biodiversity and status of natural habitats in ranked planning units. Places with conservation value for all four taxonomic groups had low amounts of agricultural threat but high amounts of urbanization. For vulnerable birds and reptiles, high ranked planning units contain high amounts of agriculture but low amounts of urbanization. High ranked planning units, for vulnerable mammals, contain low amounts of agriculture but high amounts of urbanization. Having a conservation plan based on priorities can help guide management and conservation decisions as opportunities become available and as situations change.
The Effects of Differential Reinforcement Conditions on Test Behavior
Authors:   , Clark Larry
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the effects of different motivational conditions upon the performance of 128 first-grade public school students using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). The different conditions used were: 1) reward alone; 2) response cost alone; 3) reward plus response cost; and 4) control. Also in question was whether the sex of the examiner compared to the sex of the subject affects the test performance. No significant differences were found between the reinforcement groups or for the interaction between the sex of the examiner and the sex of the subject. One unexpected significant main effect was found. Males scored significantly higher on the PPVT, which tests verbal receptive abilities, than did the females. This difference was primarily accounted for by significant mean differences between males and female subjects as a function of incentive condition, a second order interaction. An interesting result, though not significant, was found that when reward was given to males, their mean scores increased, while the mean scores for the females decreased when reward was administered. Although the results of this study failed to support findings from previous studies, some suggestions for future research were made in terms of the use of a different test, filming of the testing to score facial expressions, and timing of the interval between the stimulus word presentation and the presentation of the response.
A Comparison of the Rates of an Investor-Owned Utility Company and a Government-Financed Utility Company
Authors:   , Sherman Joe
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to present a comparison in the rates of an investor-owned utility company and a government-financed utility company. These companies are typical electric companies and will serve as reliable representatives of the two types of utilities studied in this thesis. I intend to provide some accurate data on the factors used to compile the different types of electric power rates offered to customers receiving their service from competing electric utility companies. People living within the same general area may have some choice of the company to deliver their service to them and rates will be one of the factors which help make this choice. The study should provide some insight into the nature of competition between electric utility companies operating within the same general area. I intend to show a relationship between this competition of utilities and the rates charged for their services. After a careful study of the literature available in Hays, Kansas, in both Forsythe Library and the Public Library, I have found this subject has not been used as Master's thesis material in the past. The problem I intend to solve in this study is one asked many times by the residents in the northeastern corner of the State of Oklahoma: “Why are the electric power rates of one company in this area different from the rates of another company, when they give the same type of service?\ I also hope to trace and evaluate the many factors, such as interest rates paid on money borrowed for investment, taxes, and the number of customers desiring service, which cause the differences in rates.
A Study of the Rate of Iodination of Meta Cresol
Authors:   , Earley Roger
Published: February 2023

This paper wiII begin with an attempt to collect and condense some of the work that has been done on the problem of iodinating phenols and reIated compounds. Then an attempt wiII be made to determine what the optimum conditions are under which iodination of m-cresol will occur. With these conditions in mind, an effective method of following the rate of iodination wiII be presented. To insure a proper interpretation of the rate studies, analyses of structure and content of the reaction end product wiII be reported. As a result of the investigation, a mechanism for the iodination of m-cresol wiII be postulated.
The Mechanism of Protodeiodination of O-Iodoaniline
Authors:   , Choi Nam
Published: February 2023

A kinetic investigation has been made of the deiodination of o-iodoaniline in aqueous media. This has confirmed the mechanistic picture of the deiodination process proposed by H.S. Choguill and J.H. Ridd in J. Chem. Soc., 822 (1961), and also has provided a basis of comparison among the isomers of iodoaniline. The time rate of deiodination was studied by measuring iodine released from o-iodoaniline in aqueous acid solution in presence of iodine ion. Iodine concentration was determined by thiosulfate titration and spectrophotometry. Rate constants were calculated from the change in stoichiometric concentration of amine. These kinetic data were interpreted in terms of the mechanism. The major studies involved in this investigation were: the dependence of initial rate on the variation of free amine concentration, the dependence of the initial rate on acidity, difference in activation energies, and kinetic isotope effect on the rate constants.
A Survey of the Utilization of Color Dynamics in Metal Shop Laboratories of Selected Kansas Secondary Schools
Authors:   , Reeves Morris
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to make a limited survey of metalworking teachers to determine to what extent they are utilizing color dynamics. To obtain data for this report a questionnaire was sent to twenty-five metalworking teachers in public high schools located in second class cities in Kansas. The items on the questionnaire were answered by 92 per cent of the recipients, and the information obtained by these twenty-three completed questionnaires provided the data for this report.
The Drawer of Devils: Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon
Authors:   , Rayburn Ella
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to determine Jeremy Bentham's application of his own philosophy of utilitarianism when the philosophy was removed from the abstract world of ideas and applied to an actual physical structure, the Panopticon penitentiary. Bentham was the founder and foremost advocate of the utilitarian school of thought. From past philosophers, such as Claude Helvetius, David Hume and the Baron de Montesquieu, Bentham formulated his basic principles, “the greatest good for the greatest number\ and the pain-pleasure principle. In developing the Panopticon penitentiary, Bentham was influenced by his philosophic principles as well as by humanitarian reform movements in England and on the Continent. Enlightened despots were trying to enact fair and equal laws while removing inhumane punishments for minor crimes. Domestic attention to prison reforms by English intellectuals and humanitarians during the last half of the eighteenth century influenced Parliament to pass the Penitentiary Act of 1779. Bentham intended to use the authority of this act to build his own prison. Bentham employed a novel architectural concept of a circular building with a central guard tower enabling constant surveillance of the cells on the circumference. His system of contract management was as novel as the architecture. Rather than the prison being government operated, a private individual would undertake the operation on a profit- loss basis. Contract management caused Parliament to reject the prison plan, but, even more, this management system became the basis for Bentham's deviation from his own philosophic system. Additionally, Bentham devised a secondary Panopticon. All prisoners who could not meet his conditions for release, joining the military or finding a bondsman to post an annual fifty pounds, would enter the subsidiary establishment. These former prisoners would continue working for the contractor, thus assuring continued profits. Quite probably, Bentham did not even realize his shift from utilitarianism. His original goal was reformation and release of the criminal for the betterment of society. However, as the Panopticon concept developed over a period of five years, the contractor-governor (Bentham) began to accrue greater personal control over the prison. Eventually, Bentham became concerned with the Panopticon's possibilities as a profit-making venture with the convicts providing cheap, controlled labor. The thesis of this paper is that Jeremy Bentham, founder of a philosophic school, was unable to apply his theories to actualities.
Clay Forms with Related Tubular Extensions
Authors:   , Barnes Jerry
Published: February 2023

Using tube-like forms as decorative elements on clay pieces is a direction that I began early in my exploratory graduate work. The first pieces were composed of slabs formed over a hump of clay. These slabs were then joined together with tubular connections.
Discrimination of Response-Produced Feedback Using a Count Schedule Following Septal Area Lesions in Rats
Authors:   , Fox Linda
Published: February 2023

The behavioral consequences of septal lesions were investigated on the retention performance of rats using a count schedule of reinforcement. This schedule requires the subject to respond a fixed number of times on one manipulandum, and then shift to another manipulandum and make one response on it for reinforcement. The present experiment sought to explore the discrimination of response-produced feedback controversy regarding the functional role of the septal area in behavior. The results were analyzed in terms of mean run lengths, modal run lengths, and frequency of run lengths averaged over five 3-day blocks. The results demonstrate a considerable increase in total number of runs for each animal and a tendency towards much shorter run lengths for four of the animals after the lesion. The results suggest that septal lesions led to adaptive performance and did not impair the response produced feedback process but acted differentially upon various aspects of count schedule performance.
Dr. John R. Brinkley: A Kansas Phenomenon
Authors:   , Slechta Don
Published: February 2023

This work is an attempt to evaluate the impact of John R. Brinkley on the history of Kansas. It is not a definitive study of any phase of his life. Rather it is, within the limitations of available material, an attempt to gain a closer, truer look of the man and his activities, during the period of conflict that he engendered in Kansas. The material for this study has been brought together from a myriad of sources. Of particular importance is the biography of John R. Brinkley, The Life of A Man, by Clement Wood, the files and scrapbook of Ernest A. Dewey, and W. G. Clugston’s Rascals in Democracy. Newspapers of this state and others printed millions of words about Brinkley. The files of the Kansas City Star give a running account of his activities in Kansas, and practically all daily papers through their Associated Press service have given many columns to the career of Brinkley.
A Study of Attitudes Toward Reading of Western Kansas Students in Grades One Through Six in a Selected School
Authors:   , Rains Navene
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the attitudes toward reading of Western Kansas students in grades 1-6. The sample consisted of 156 students; 93 girls and 63 boys. Forty-five students participated in the study group, and a control group consisted of 111 students. The independent variables were participation status, achievement in reading, gender, socio-economic class status, intelligence test scores, and grade placement. The dependent variables were scores from the scales of the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey (ERAS). These were: Attitudes Toward Recreational Reading, Attitudes Toward Academic Reading, and Total. Pretest scores from the scales of the ERAS were employed as covariant measures and included Attitudes Toward Recreational Reading, Attitudes Toward Academic Reading, and Total. Six composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. A total of 18 comparisons were made; 7 comparisons were significant. The significant findings included participation status, socio-economic class status, and grade level. The results of this study indicated that students who participated in a reading program had significantly higher positive attitudes toward reading than those who did not, high socio-economic class status students had significantly higher positive attitudes toward reading than low socio-economic class status students, and fifth and sixth grade students had significantly lower positive attitudes toward academic and total reading than students In grades 1-4. The researcher would make these recommendations if the study were to be replicated: 1. the study should be replicated with a larger random sample, 2. the study should be replicated in schools of varying sizes, 3. the study should be replicated using additional Independent variables, 4. the study should be replicated Including all grade levels and different organizational structures, and 5. the study should be replicated employing a different experimental design.
Sight and Sound
Authors:   , Marstall Clinton
Published: February 2023

When processing information, everyone has different learning styles. By incorporating pictures with words and music, I can tap into multiple intelligences.
The Petrology and Structure of the Wet Mountain Metamorphics and the San Isabel Batholith Margin Along South Hardscrabble Creek, Custer County, Colorado
Authors:   , Louden Robert
Published: February 2023

Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks, Cambrian dikes, and Quaternary alluvium are exposed along South Hardscrabble Creek, Custer County, Colorado. The Precambrian metamorphic rocks can be mapped as two separate lithodemic units. Lithodeme 1 consists of biotite gneisses and schists interlayered with hornblende gneisses and schists, and amphibolite. The biotite gneisses and schists have a sedimentary protlith of shale, greywacke, and quartz wacke, whereas the amphibolites represent rocks of theoeiitic basalt composition. Some of the hornblende gneisses were fromed when later granitic material invaded the amphibolites to form lit-par-lit or injection gneisses. Lithodeme 2 is a granite gnesiss. A granite protolith for this unit is apparent from xenoliths of lithodeme 1 incorporated in it. The granite was intruded during latter stages of deformation and is probably the source of granite material present in the injection ogneisses of lithodeme 1. These metamorphic rocks are as old as 1,700 Ma. A rhyodacite, dated at 1441+/- 14 Ma, intrudes the metamorphic country rock as small sills. The youngest intrusive event, the San Isabel batholith, was emplaced 1360 +/- 5 Ma. Two textural facies, a coarse- and medium-grained, of the batholith are present. As the batholith cooled, mafic (lamprophyric), aplitic, and pegmatitic dikes were intruded throughout the study area. Some of these melts were coincidently intruded together and formed composite dikes. Cambrian dikes of basaltic composition show signs of deformation from the Laramide Orogeny. The Broadway Alluvium is related to the Pinedale Glaciation and is the youngest unit in the study area. Major structural elements trend northwest. Four prominent joint sets are present in the area. The major joint set trends N63 degrees W, 70 degrees SW, while a minor set trends N48 degrees E and dips steeply to the northwest or southeast. These joints developed due to compressive forces in an east-west direction. This set is interpreted as tensional fractures that developed during cooling and contraction of the San Isabel batholith. The fourth set is nearly horizontal and resulted from unloading during the late Tertiary. Numerous faults of a possible Precambrian origin are common throughout the study area. Many of these faults were reactivated during the Laramide Orogeny.
A Study of Twenty Economic Indicators with Projections for 01/01/1965-69
Authors:   , Bingham Robert
Published: February 2023

Presented in this thesis are the results of a study conducted on twenty economic indicators. A hypothesis was developed to show the future economic growth of our Nation and each economic indicator was tested to determine whether or not the hypothesis was plausible for each individual series. The Hypothesis. By using the mathematical formula for the line of least-squares to determine the trend’s movement, the author believes each economic indicator can be projected into the near future with reasonable accuracy. Ten major economic indicators and ten minor economic indicators were selected for the study. The actual data of 1955-59 was used for determining the trend line of each series, and each series was projected into 1960-64 for purposes of testing the hypothesis against the actual data of 1960-64. In addition, each series was projected into 1965-69 using the actual data of 1960-64 for determining the trend line of each series. The forecast of each indicator was made for the near future, and the 1960-64 projections were used to determine largely whether or not the hypothesis was plausible for each individual series. In the study it was found that the hypothesis was accepted for seven major economic indicators and was rejected for three major indicators. In contrast, the hypothesis was accepted for only four minor economic indicators and was rejected for six minor indicators. The eleven economic indicators accepted in this study provide a reliable indication of our future economic growth. The nine economic indicators rejected in the study cannot provide reliable estimates of future economic growth, but in no way affect the validity of the eleven indicators accepted in this study.
Sexual Harassment: A Common Sample for the University and the Workplace
Authors:   , Beauregard Terri
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate sexual harassment, for the same sample of women, in the university and the workplace. The sample consisted of 154 students. The following independent variables were investigated: student classification, age, major, and occupational type. The dependent variables were scores from the following scales of the Sexual Experience Questionnaire: Gender Harassment, Unwanted Sexual Attention, and Sexual Coercion. Six composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. Four employed three-way analysis of variance (general linear model), one by t-test for related data sets, and one by t-test for single correlation coefficient. A total of 78 comparisons were made plus 96 recurring. Of the 78 comparisons, 30 were for main effects and 48 were for interactions. Of the 30 comparisons for main effects, 13 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 48 interactions, 7 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. There is greater Gender Harassment in the workplace setting than in the university setting; 2. There is greater Unwanted Sexual Attention in the workplace setting than in the university setting; 3. There is greater Sexual Coercion in the workplace setting than in the university setting; 4. There is a relationship between employed female students reporting Gender Harassment in the university and reporting Gender Harassment in the workplace; 5. There is a relationship between employed female students reporting Unwanted Sexual Attention in the university and reporting Unwanted Sexual Attention in the workplace; 6. There is a relationship between employed female students reporting Sexual Coercion in the university and reporting Sexual Coercion in the workplace; 7. Employed female student classification, age, and major should be interpreted concurrently for Gender Harassment in the workplace setting; 8. Employed female student classification, age, and major should be interpreted concurrently for Unwanted Sexual Attention in the workplace setting; 9. Employed female student classification and age should be interpreted concurrently for Sexual Coercion in the workplace setting; 10. Employed female student classification and occupational type should be interpreted concurrently for Sexual Coercion in the university setting; 11. Employed female student age and occupational type should be interpreted concurrently for Sexual Coercion in the university setting; 12. Employed female student major and occupational type should be interpreted concurrently for Gender Harassment in the university setting; and 13. Employed female student major and occupational type should be interpreted concurrently for Sexual Coercion in the university setting.
High School Seniors' Perceptions of the High School Counselor
Authors:   , Hoffman James
Published: February 2023

The researcher investigated high school seniors’ perceptions of the high school counselor. The participants consisted of 404 Kansas high school seniors, class of 1989, enrolled in 12 high schools across the state. The questionnaire consisted of 24 items pertaining to career, educational, personal, social, and administrative counselor functions. Five composite null hypotheses were tested yielding 90 comparisons. One statistically significant result was found in the career function, six in the educational function, and none in the personal, social, or administrative functions. The results indicated that male and female students responded similarly to the items. Students from small schools reported greater comfort in talking to their counselor about career plans than students from large schools. Students with high grade point averages reported greater comfort in talking to their counselor about educational issues than students with low grade point averages. Students from small schools reported greater comfort in talking to their counselor about educational issues than students from large schools. Students who had visited their counselor four or more times reported greater comfort in talking to their counselor about educational issues than students who had not visited their counselor. Students with high grade point averages who were from small schools reported greater comfort in talking to their counselor about educational issues than students from large schools. Students from small schools who had plans to attend a technical school or 2-4 year college reported greater comfort in talking to their counselor about educational issues than students from large schools. Students with high grade point averages who had plans to attend a technical school or 2-4 year college reported greater comfort in talking to their counselor about educational issues than students with low grade point averages.
A Comparison of Depression Characteristics in Learning Disabled and Nonlearning Disabled Students
Authors:   , Haws Denise
Published: February 2023

The present investigation examined the level of depression in a sample of 100 learning disabled and non-learning disabled fourth, fifth, and sixth grade students. Levels of depression were assessed using a Children’s depression Inventory (CDI) developed by Kovacs (1979). Students were rated by their classroom teachers on behaviors related to depression based on the DSM-III criteria using the Hall Behavior Rating Scale. Children were matched according to grade levels, sex, and educational placement (learning disabled vs. regular education). It was found that children identified as learning disabled obtained significantly higher scores on the CDI than children in the regular education classroom. There were no significant differences among levels. There was a significant correlation between CDI scores and teacher ratings of the students. It was found that children with high CDI scores were also perceived by their teachers as having a loss of interest in usual activities, fatigue, psychomotor agitation or retardation, feelings of worthlessness and diminished ability to concentrate.
The Effect of Contingent Teacher Touch and the Relationship of Proximity and On-Task Behavior in Elementary School Students
Authors:   , Berry Deanna
Published: February 2023

The effect of contingent teacher touch delivered with verbal praise for desired academic and/or social behaviors on student on-task behavior was examined in two elementary classrooms. After baseline data were gathered on contingent touch and verbal praise the teachers were instructed to increase their use of contingent touch while maintaining their baseline level of verbal praise. It was hypothesized that greater amounts of contingent teacher touch with verbal praise would result in increases of on-task behavior in elementary students. The present study sought to strengthen this hypothesis by replicating and extending previous studies with the use of a multiple baseline across classrooms and ages design. Upon preliminary viewing of the videotapes it became apparent that the expected data had not been gathered. It was not possible to determine the effects of touch on student on-task behavior because neither teacher increased her rate of touch paired with praise during the treatment phase. In order to complete the Field Study project, it was suggested that other measures be drawn from the videotape record to correlate the student behaviors. Thus, measures for positive teacher attention and proximity were correlated with rates of student on- and off-task behavior. These measures were readily observable on the existing videotape, despite the fact that they had not been an integral part of the original hypothesis. The results of these correlations suggest that the relationship of positive teacher attention and proximity may differ from student to student, but that for some students, there is a strong, positive relationship. Due to difficulties in the implementation of this study, results should be interpreted with extreme caution.
Stress and Western Kansas High School Students
Authors:   , Walker Janet
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate stress in western Kansas high school students. The sample was from 1A schools. The 1A schools were classified by the Kansas State Activities Association (1993-94). The 1A schools were defined as having less than 74 students enrolled in grades 10-12. The sample consisted of 322 participants, 159 males, and 163 females. The independent variables investigated were gender, classification, family structure, religious preference, church attendance, bible reading, and prayer. The dependent variables consisted of scores from the following scales of the Stress Questionnaire: School, Relationships, Self, and Total. Five composite null hypotheses were tested employing analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 84 comparisons plus 56 recurring were made. Of the 84 comparisons, 28 were main effects and 56 were interactions. Of the 28 main effects, 12 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 56 interactions, 9 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations : 1. females had greater stress related to Relationships than males, 2. females had greater Total stress than males, 3. students from stepparent family structure had greater Total stress than foster parent and other, 4. students who reported prayer once a day had greater Self stress than those who reported never, 5. significant interactions for: a. gender and classification--school, b. gender, classification, and family structure- School, c. classification and religious preference--Self, d. classification and religious preference - Total, e. family structure and religious preference-School, f. gender, family structure, and religious preference--Self, g. church attendance, Bible reading, and prayer -School, h. church attendance and prayer--Relationships, and i. church attendance, Bible reading, and prayer-Total.
A Modern Approach to Certain Algebraic Topics
Authors:   , Duer Russell
Published: February 2023

The purpose on this paper is to incorporate in textbook form, notes and methods that the author has used for the past three years on an experimental basis. Set terminology is introduced and applied to the development of the number system through the set of real numbers. Rigorous proofs are used in developing the arithmetic of the various sets of numbers. Methods for solving equations and inequalities are discussed in set terminology. Graphs of solution sets of equations and inequalities are displayed, and the methods of plotting solution sets are discussed. Conclusions concerning the success of applying the material submitted in this thesis are presented in the form of observations that the writer has made during his experimentation with the material in the classroom.
The Imagist Movement In America: History And Development
Authors:   , Malcolm Helen
Published: February 2023

The commercial age in America, coupled with the World war, has had no less influence in the field of poetic values than in the field of business. In the following pages I have attempted to show that the outlook of modern poetry is both natural and purposeful as a result of its environment and background; that, though unstable and variable at the present, it is gradually attaining through various short-lived movements, a degree of finish and crystallization; and that the entire outlook is a presagement, a finger pointing in the direction of a fuller, richer cultural life that shall come to birth in America.
A Study of Church Culture
Authors:   , Olson Allen
Published: February 2023

This thesis was done to study the culture of three small church congregations in central and western Kansas. Ed Schein's (1985) cultural model was modified so that the level he called \espoused values\ was expanded to include both espoused values and \values-in-use\ The espoused values were defined in this research as values which the church congregation proclaims to have. The values-in-use were defined as the values which they actually had. The espoused values and the values-in-use of each congregation were the main focus for this study. The espoused values were determined by studying each congregation's understanding of how each member should live or act. These espoused values ultimately were based on each congregation's understanding of what the Bible says they should be. Once the espoused (proclaimed) values were determined, then two research methods were used to determine the actual values the congregations practiced. The espoused values and the actual values practiced were then compared to see how much in agreement they were. The more in agreement these two were, and therefore the \healthier\ the congregation's culture. The main research tool used was a questionnaire which was constructed to determine whether or not the members actually practiced the espoused values. The results were compiled into each value category to see whether or not the espoused values were very strong, strong, weak, or very weak. The second research method used was in-depth interviews which were conducted randomly in two of the congregations. The in-depth interviews were done to help validate the questionnaire from a different perspective. This study was done as a tool to aid pastors in determining the culture of their congregation and by doing so could be more effective in leading them.
An Analysis of Objectives Adopted By Teachers of Beginning Speech Courses in Western Kansas High Schools and Selected College Instructors of Speech
Authors:   , Bogart Quentin
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to study and determine types of objectives selected by teachers of beginning speech courses in Western Kansas high schools and to compare these selections with those of certain college speech instructors. An information blank was employed to obtain data from 44 high school speech teachers. Thirteen instructors from colleges and universities in Kansas and bordering states participated in the study also. Sixty percent of the high school group returned completed information sheets, while 50 percent of the college instructors supplied data. Institutions and personnel participating comprised a representative sample of the population. Analysis of the completed information blanks revealed that almost half of both groups in the study attempted to pursue each of the 21 objectives listed in the information blank. To help the student realize the key role effective speech can play in his life was the single objective ranked most frequently as being of prime importance to a basic course in speech. Objectives dealing with course outcomes and purposes were rated as being the most important objective types by high school teachers. Purpose type objectives were believed to be of most importance by the college group. Teachers having both speech and general method training felt outcome objectives to be of prime value, while teachers experiencing only one type or no method training voted course purpose objectives most important. Inspection of the total times each type of objective appeared in the top five ranks exposed outcome type objectives as being most important to a majority of the high school and college participants. It would appear from evidence provided by the study that the majority of speech teachers attempt to fulfill a multiplicity of goals in teaching a fundamental speech course. Furthermore, study data suggests that the objective, To help the student realize the key role effective speech can play in his life is of prime importance to a substantial number of speech teachers. It was concluded also that teachers and instructors believe types of objectives dealing with course purposes and course outcomes are most important. Finally, the study indicated a definite relationship between the amount of methods training experiences by the teacher and the type of objective he felt to be most important.
Parenting Skills Training for Credit and Non-Credit: Effects on Knowledge and Attitude
Authors:   , Werth Susan
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the feasibility of using college credit as a motivating factor for parents to learn child behavior management techniques. Sixteen female and four male adults indicated their preference for either a group receiving college credit or the group receiving no credit. Subjects in both groups were measured by pretests and post-tests on seven attitude and one knowledge measure. Both workshops were identical in format, instruction, and length of time. Results indicated that all subjects improved in attitude and knowledge of child behavior management techniques but that the presence or absence of college credit made no difference in the subject scores.
Healing Sanctuary
Authors:   , Downs Kammy
Published: February 2023

The natural world has hidden wisdom and resources that are disregarded as we misuse our responsibility to care for them. The benefits of being in tune with nature have been traded for a culture that manipulates nature on the altar of expediency, waste, and unquenchable desire. Healing Sanctuary presents a duality. My work speaks about the relationship between the seen and unseen, represented by ten larger-than-life drawings of medicinal herbal plants that have had a profound physical healing effect on me. At the same time, plants, roots, and seeds create visceral metaphors for mental health. Our accomplishments, outlook on life, and behavior mostly grow from the gut-wrenching, dirty work of developing a thought life that serves us. Our mental resilience can be strengthened by \planting\ various strategies beneath the surface.
Creative Experimentation with Enamel in Jewelry
Authors:   , Burandt Diedra
Published: February 2023

It was the purpose of this study (1) to explore the numerous possibilities of combining enamel and sterling silver, (2) to develop strength of expression and technical proficiency through the medium of jewelry, (3) to explore techniques applicable for use in the junior and senior high school, and (4) to produce a wide range of examples (necklace, bracelet, cuff links, etc.) for demonstration purposes.
A Comparison of Automobile Registration Receipts and Automobile Assessment Valuation In Ellis County, Kansas For 1950
Authors:   , George Dorrell
Published: February 2023

This chapter deals with a description of Ellis County, county officers and the laws on taxation in Kansas.
Taxonomic Significance of Chromosomal Races of Geomys Bursarius on the Central Great Plains
Authors:   , Davis Forrest
Published: February 2023

Systematic relationships among six chromosomal races of Geomys bursarius on the Central Great Plains were assessed using morphometric and electrophoretic methods. Gross cranial morphology was inadequate as a discriminator among most races and separated populations into only two geographic subsets (larger eastern gophers and smaller western gophers). Multivariate statistics of cranial morphology were useful in separating chromosomal races into four geographic regions (Northern Great Plains, Southern Great Plains, Central Great Plains, and Central Lowlands). Based on 20 presumptive loci (9 monomorphic, 11 polymorphic), the pattern of genetic differentiation was similar to that suggested in the morphometric analyses. The mean within-race genetic identities (Nei’s identity values) for chromosomal races ranged from 0.899 to 0.971. Genetic similarity values indicated that race A. a reference sample of G. knoxjonesi, exhibited the greatest overall divergence form other chromosomal races. The average value of genetic similarity among races was 0.791 (0.705-0.910), excluding race A. Although some adjacent races appeared similar morphometrically, the relatively high levels of genetic divergence among them (at least one fixed difference) compared with high within-race similarity suggest that chromosomal races represent independently evolving gene pools. However, introgression between races occurs at zones of contact. Based on these data, chromosomal races are interpreted as consistent with at least seven previously named subspecies of Geomys bursarius.
An Evaluation of the Reading Plus Program as Assessed by Curriculum-Based Measurement of Reading Fluency and Comprehension
Authors:   , Marrs Heath
Published: February 2023

The Taylor Associates, Inc. Reading Plus program has been hypothesized to increase visual reading efficiency and, as a result, to also increase reading skill and achievement. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the Taylor Associates, Inc. Reading Plus and Guided Reading program, pre- and post-test measures of curriculum-based measurement (CBM) of oral reading fluency and reading comprehension collected from a sample of middle school students were analyzed. A total of 87 students participated in the semester long intervention. Gains in scores on CBM oral reading fluency and reading comprehension were compared to nonnative gains derived from a district-wide noon sample. Significant differences in discrepancy ratios from pre- to post-test were obtained for both CBM measures, although results varied according to grade level. In addition, gains in visual reading efficiency, as measured by the Visagraph II Eye-Movement recording system, were correlated with CBM gains to assess the relationship between improvement in visual reading efficiency and reading achievement. Correlations between change in relative efficiency and CBM reading and CBM discrepancy scores were not significant. However, a significant negative correlation was found between change in Grade Level Equivalence and CBM oral reading discrepancy ratio. The results of this study suggest that students participating in the Reading Plus program made significant gains in reading achievement, although no significant correlation between gains in achievement and improvements in eye-movement behavior was found.