bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of pepsin enzyme from yellowfin tuna gastrics on the physical and histological characteristics of beef
Authors: Kurniawan Riki , Izzati Syifa Azmi Nurul , Nurhayati Tati , Jacoeb Agoes Mardiono
Published: January 2025

The increase in tuna production in Indonesia has introduced waste-management challenges. Utilizing pepsin from tuna stomachs for beef tenderization is a potential solution for the food industry. This study aimed to assess the effects of different pepsin concentrations on beef characteristics. This study used a completely randomized factorial design with one factor: beef was treated with 0, 14,000, and 28,000 U/mg pepsin and stored at 4 °C for four days. The results showed that 28,000 U/mg pepsin significantly lowered pH, decreased weight percentage change, increased water-holding capacity, and reduced texture compared to other treatments. Histological examination revealed gradual degradation of meat structure, especially in collagen-deficient areas. Tuna stomach pepsin plays a crucial role in altering the physical and histological characteristics of the beef.
Characteristic of body scrub based Ulva lactuca seaweed salt residue with addition Aloe vera gel
Authors: Nurjanah Nurjanah , Abdullah Asadatun , Jati Faradilla Ratna , Seulalae Anggrei Viona , Afifah Zahrah
Published: January 2025

Ulva lactuca salt residue can act as a natural scrub to replace the microbeads. The combination with Aloe vera gel can improve the function of body scrubs on the skin. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of A. vera gel for making body scrubs from U. lactuca seaweed salt residue based on physical properties, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Body scrub was formulated by adding 7% U. lactuca salt residue and A. vera gel at concentrations of 0, 3, 5, and 7%. The parameters analyzed included the pH, viscosity, emulsion stability, humidity, spreadability, homogeneity, hedonic test, total phenolics, and antioxidants using the DPPH method. The results showed that differences in A. vera gel concentrations did not significantly affect the preferences of the panelists (aroma, colour, texture, appearance). Spreadability, pH, and viscosity of body scrub ranged from 4.02-4.55 cm; 6.38-6.53; and 8,600- 13,160 cP, respectively. Body scrub with A. vera gel can increase the humidity with stable emulsion physical properties and a homogeneous mixture of ingredients. The best treatment was the addition of 3% A. vera with antioxidant activity of IC50 value, namely 278.02 ppm and the highest total phenolic of 0.528 mg GAE/g.
Assessment of Accuracy of COSMIC and KOMPSAT Radio Occultation Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Descalzo Karl Philippe A. , Macalalad Ernest P.
Published: January 2025

Radio Occultation is a technique used by orbiting satellites to measure planetary atmosphere properties like temperature, pressure, and water vapor. The aim of this study is to assess the radio occultation temperature and pressure profiles from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate 2 (COSMIC-2) and Korean Multi-purpose Satellite 5 (KOMPSAT5) using data from collocated radiosonde stations over the Philippines. Their deviations are analyzed using their mean and standard deviations. COSMIC-2 and KOMPSAT-5 temperature and pressure have good agreement with radiosondes in the stratosphere. From January to April of 2020, COSMIC-2 temperature standard deviation peaks with 0.072 K at 24.6 km. COSMIC-2 and KOMPSAT-5 pressure generally decreases with altitude. COSMIC-2 pressure standard deviation peaks with 0.06 hPa at 15 km. KOMPSAT-5 temperature standard deviation gradually increases with altitude with observed deviation peaks with 0.6 K at ~26.5 km. KOMPSAT-5 pressure standard deviation peaks with 0.02 hPa at 15 km. Seasonal variations between KOMPSAT-5 and radiosonde are usually lower in pressure deviation compared to temperature deviation. KOMPSAT-5 temperature standard deviation peaks at 23.24 km with 0.07 K during summer. KOMPSAT-5 pressure deviation is generally larger in the autumn season with a value of ~>0.02 hPa at 15 km. The quality of these results shows potential in COSMIC and KOMPSAT as high-quality applications for weather prediction.
Spring Intermonsoon Future Projection of El Niño and Its Teleconnection at The Maritime Continent During Warmer Period
Authors: Mat Zin Muhamad Zuhairi , Salimun Ester , Liew Juneng , Tangang Fredolin
Published: January 2025

Previous research has mainly concentrated on the effects of climate change, with much less emphasis dedicated on the combined effect of climate change and climate variability. CMIP6 GFDL-ESM4 was chosen as the best General Circulation Model (GCM) in promoting the ability to simulate El Niño and its teleconnection at the Maritime Continent for March-April-May (MAM) after evaluating 32 GCMs from CMIP5/6. In general, CMIP6 was better at simulating El Niño and its teleconnection at the Maritime Continent than CMIP5. The increase in sea surface temperature in the Pacific Ocean, particularly in the Niño 3.4 region, was documented as higher in SSP5-85 than in SSP2-45. Peninsular Malaysia, the southern half of Borneo, and the Philippines will see more dryness as the temperature warms. SSP2-45 during MAM showed more coverage of dryness receiving in the eastern half of Borneo compared to SSP5-85 during the El Niño period. Through the combination of climate change and climate variability influence, SSP5-85 depicted a higher increment of sea surface temperature compared to historical, which could reach about 5 °C positive warmer changes at the centre of the Pacific Ocean region. SSP2-45 and SSP5-85 depicted warmer conditions for precipitation in Peninsular Malaysia and the Northeast part of Borneo.
Assessing Climate Change Effects on Mahseer Growth Properties
Authors: Iskandar Nur Syuhada , Md Noor Noorashikin , Che Cob Zaidi , Das Simon Kumar
Published: January 2025

Heatwaves are becoming more common and severe due to rising CO2 and temperature levels, while changes in precipitation patterns have significant consequences for ecosystems and aquatic creatures, including fish. This study assessed the growth parameters of the valuable mahseer, a key species in fisheries and ecological balance, under different temperature and CO2 concentration conditions: (26°C + 400 ppm CO2), (34°C + 400 ppm CO2), (26°C + 600 ppm CO2), and (34°C + 600 ppm CO2). The experimental setup included controlled aquaria where mahseer were reared for a specified period. Growth parameters such as body weight gain (BWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were measured and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. The results showed that the highest growth parameters, including BWG and SGR, were observed in mahseer reared at 26°C with 400 ppm CO2. Conversely, the lowest growth parameters were recorded in mahseer raised at 34°C with 600 ppm CO2. These findings indicate that moderate temperatures and lower CO2 levels provide optimal conditions for mahseer growth, while elevated temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations, conditions expected to become more prevalent with ongoing climate change, negatively impact their growth. This preliminary study provides a foundation for future research on mahseer rearing in a changing climate, emphasizing the need to maintain favorable environmental conditions and develop strategies to mitigate the adverse effects on this valuable species. Further investigations should include more extensive sampling, varied environmental parameters, and long-term studies to fully understand the implications of climate change on mahseer and other aquatic organisms.
Detection and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in raw vegetables
Authors: Tang John Yew Huat , Abd Jalil Liyana , Syazwan Razali Nur Amira
Published: January 2025

Listeria monocytogenes is a psychrophilic bacterium that commonly contaminates and grows in food stored at refrigeration temperature. It can cause serious illness in the elderly, pregnant women, children and immunocompromised individuals. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in eight selected salad vegetables and characterized antibiotic resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes isolates. A total of 154 salad samples were purchased from four different districts in Terengganu namely Besut, Jerteh, Kemaman and Kuala Terengganu. Samples were enriched with Listeria Enrichment Broth (LEB) at 30˚С for 24 hr before being subjected to selective medium PALCAM agar and PCR and LAMP assays. The L. monocytogenes isolates were tested against seven antibiotics using disk diffusion method. Percentage of L. monocytogenes in samples were detected at 5.19, 3.89 and 3.25% using PCR assay, LAMP assay and plating, respectively. L. monocytogenes isolates showed resistance towards tetracycline, vancomycin, penicillin G and erythromycin. Three isolates have multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index higher than 0.2 which indicate the contamination from high-risk or animal sources. It can be concluded that vegetable samples were contaminated with L. monocytogenes that exhibit antibiotic resistance. Consumption of raw vegetables will pose significant risk of foodborne infection.
Assessment of Parameter Sensitivity in Rainfall-Runoff Modelling for Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Arbai Nurul Afiqah , Masayasu Irie , Chong Khai Lin
Published: January 2025

The parameter sensitivity is identified in the usage of the Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation model, also known as RRI for Peninsular Malaysia. The data used in the analysis were obtained from 518 rainfall and 5 evaporation stations from 2017 to 2020 with topography resolution of 1 km. Subjected to overland flow behaviour condition, six model parameters were individually tested to observe the significance of the changes in the runoff outputs from the model default values. The comparisons were conducted in terms of average, maximum, and minimum discharge throughout the period. The results showed land roughness is the most sensitive parameter, followed by parameters of river width, river depth, and river roughness. The study helps researchers in calibrating RRI model for the application in Peninsular Malaysia.
Nature-based solutions (Nbs) for flood mitigation: Recent UK case studies
Authors: Rameshwaran Ponnambalam , Blake James , Trill Emily , Robotham John , Bishop James , Old Gareth , O’Brien Alex , Scarlett Pete
Published: January 2025

Implementing Nature-based solutions (Nbs) can potentially reduce the flood risk in catchments and improve water and soil quality and biodiversity. Understanding the hydrological functioning of the Nbs interventions is important in determining their effectiveness in reducing flood risks. This study reports the findings from two UK projects namely the Littlestock Brook Natural Flood Management (NFM) pilot and LANDWISE (Land Management in Lowland Catchments for Integrated Flood Risk Reduction). The Littlestock Brook NFM study showed that the Nbs interventions successfully attenuated all storm event discharge peaks during the monitoring period (up to 55% reductions) and that over 40% of the total storage volume remained available throughout all events. The LANDWISE project demonstrated that whilst increased organic matter improves soil structure and porosity, innovative arable management practices (e.g., controlled traffic and min till) can also improve soil structure and porosity, increasing soil hydraulic conductivity and therefore NFM potential.
Step-by-Step: Insights on key marine organisms associated with coral reef benthic cover using Stepwise Multivariate Regression
Authors: Wee Hin Boo , Affendi Yang Amri , Then Amy Yee Hui , Chen Sue Yee , Hyde Julian
Published: January 2025

Coral reef ecosystems are severely threatened by human activities and climate change. However, the complexity of the ecosystem can complicate identification of significant ecological interactions between the organisms and the reef system. Thus, this study used a ten-year citizen science reef monitoring dataset by Reef Check Malaysia to identify key reefassociated organisms (fish and invertebrates) affected by the changes in benthic cover using Stepwise Multivariate Regression. Data collection started in 2013 to 2023, covering 148 sites from 23 islands of East Coast Peninsular Malaysia. The most dominant biotic benthic cover in coral reefs is the Hard Coral (mean 48.7±19.4% median = 49.4%), followed by Rubble (8.28±11.0%,3.75%), and Nutrient Indicator Algae (4.96±9.15%, 1.25%). Stepwise Multivariate Regressions showed that 6 out of 9 keystone fishes and 4 out of 8 keystone invertebrates were significantly correlated with each individual benthic cover. The regression models indicated that Butterflyfish, Grouper, Sweetlips, Snappers, Diadema Urchins are susceptible to the deterioration of coral reefs (reduction of Hard Coral and increase of Rubble and Nutrient Indicating Algae), while Sea Cucumber, Giant Clam and Pencil Urchin may flourish. Henceforth, the shortlisted reef-associated organisms can be an accessible and cost-effective targeted organisms for a quick and simple assessment of coral reef health.
Modelling Above-Ground Biomass Using Machine Learning Algorithms in Mangrove Forests of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Abu Bakar Nurul Asyiqin , Wan Mohd Jaafar Wan Shafrina , Omar Hamdan , Muhammad Nor Siti Mariam , Muhmad Kamarulzaman Aisyah Marliza , Kemarau Ricky Anak
Published: January 2025

Mangrove forests are crucial for carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation but are threatened by anthropogenic effects and climate change. Although restoration efforts have been initiated, their effectiveness remains uncertain due to the absence of robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. This study investigates machine learning algorithms for modelling aboveground biomass (AGB) in mangrove forests across Peninsular Malaysia. Data on tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and species were collected in Sungai Pulai, Sungai Johor, and Sungai Merbok. Combined with remote sensing data, the performance of Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Boosted Tree (BT), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) was compared, chosen for their ability to analyze complex patterns and predict accurately. The results indicated that XGBoost outperformed the others by achieving higher R² values of 0.97, lower mean absolute error (MAE) of 6.80 Mg ha-¹, and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 26.74 Mg ha-¹, demonstrating superior accuracy and predictive performance. This study also shows similar above-ground carbon (AGC) values across the study areas and in comparison with previous studies. XGBoost’s robust capacity for estimating AGB and AGC highlights its potential to significantly improve mangrove forest management and conservation efforts on a broader scale.
Effect of Compaction for Marine Clay and Pressmud to Enhanced Clay Liner Efficiency
Authors: Abdul Rahman Abdul Samad , Safingi Shafizah , Sidek Norbaya , Arshad Mohd Fadzil
Published: January 2025

Clay liners play a critical role in environmental engineering by providing barriers against contaminant migration in containment facilities like landfills. However, challenges persist in optimizing their efficiency, especially in heterogeneous soil conditions. Compaction practices during construction significantly influence clay liner performance, making it imperative to achieve optimal compaction. This study centers on assessing the compaction behavior of composite material comprising marine clay and pressmud, with the goal of advancing sustainable waste containment practices. The plasticity index and liquid limit values of the marine clay are recorded as 37.44% and 62.4%, respectively, indicating High Plasticity Clay (CH). Pressmud, with Atterberg limits including a liquid limit (LL) of 36.5%, plastic limit (PL) of 18.44%, and plasticity index (PI) of 18.06%, is categorized as having medium plasticity. Results reveal that the optimal inclusion of pressmud in marine clay at 10% enhances compaction characteristics, thereby improving load-bearing capacity. The 10% pressmud sample demonstrates the lowest air voids, signifying effective compaction. Therefore, pressmud can contribute to enhance the clay liner in landfill.
Analysis of comfort band for adaptive model in Japanese office buildings
Authors: Supriya Khadka , Rijal H.B.
Published: January 2025

Thermal comfort has been discussed subject since 1930. The pattern of the way of global warming and issues regarding the energy has influenced the rise in the interest of this subject lately. This study aims to develop comfort band for adaptive model for Japanese office buildings as the global standard do not include the databases from the Japanese buildings and so might not be applicable in the context of Japan. Field data was conducted in 17 mixed-mode (MM) office buildings located in Tokyo and Kanagawa of Japan. Measurements like air temperature, relative humidity, and other environmental factors was carried out along with the occupant’s thermal comfort survey. Probit analysis method was adapted to estimate comfort band. Result suggests that indoor globe temperature ranged from 22.0-27.0 °C during the field survey period. The comfort band obtained by the difference between the indoor globe temperature and comfort temperature (Δt) are ±2.0°C at 90% and ±2.5°C at 80% which were applied in proposed adaptive model for Japanese office buildings.
Geographic Information System (GIS) as Tool to Manage the Impacts of Flood in Shah Alam, Malaysia
Authors: Leeonis Adam Narashman , Ahmed Minhaz Farid , Mokhtar Mazlin
Published: January 2025

Floods, common in lowland regions, pose significant environmental, social, and economic challenges, as seen in Shah Alam’s severe flooding in 2021. While GIS offers promising solutions, there remain shortcomings in flood disaster recovery efforts. This study investigated how the Geographic Information System (GIS) could help manage the environmental impacts of floods in Shah Alam, Malaysia. Reaserch method for this study using thematic analysis, qualitative methods, an informal interview of experts following the quadruple helix model, were used to select 20 respondents from four key sectors: government, academia, business, and community/NGO, to explore the use of GIS in flood management. While progress has been made, challenges persist, highlighting the need for enhanced flood preparedness and infrastructure. The result shows there is government initiatives, such as CCTV installations by MBPJ, demonstrate proactive measures to mitigate flood impacts. Overall, this study highlights the importance of effective GIS applications in addressing flood vulnerabilities and calls for further improvements in flood management strategies in Shah Alam, Malaysia.
SpongeScapes: Understanding the role of nature-based solutions in improving sponge functioning of landscapes – the case of regenerative agriculture
Authors: Sah Neeraj , Blake James , D’Acunha Brenda , Bell Vicky , Evans Jon , Morrison Ross , Dussaillant Alejandro
Published: January 2025

The SpongeScapes project aims to accelerate understanding Nature-based Solutions (NBS) that enhance the sponge functioning of soil, groundwater, and surface water ecosystems, improving landscape resilience against hydrometeorological extremes across diverse climates. One NBS being explored within SpongeScapes is the adoption of Regenerative Agricultural Practices (RAPs) such as reduced tillage and cover cropping. These practices can improve soil health and potentially increase water retention capacity, compared to conventional agriculture practices that degrade soil structure and porosity. However, quantifying RAP benefits is challenging due to the delayed soil response to management changes. This report discusses an exploratory approach of back-analysing long-term soil moisture datasets to assess the impacts of RAPs on soil water retention capacity. By inferring changes in saturated water content (proxy for porosity), findings from trend analyses on UK case studies provide insights into the potential of RAPs as an NBS for enhancing landscape water resilience through improved soil sponge functioning.
A Review of Climate Change and Mosquito Ecology in Constructed Wetlands: Implications for Urban Sustainability and Public Health
Authors: Bin Abd Rahim Muhamad Syafiq , Saad Noor Aida , Genasan Veera Singham A/L K. , Weng Goh Hui , Kamal Nurul Hana Mokhtar , Shaharuddin Syafiq Bin
Published: January 2025

This study explores the ecology of mosquitoes within constructed wetlands, emphasizing the impact of climate change on their distribution and behaviour. Constructed wetlands are integral to green city initiatives, offering multiple benefits such as water purification, habitat provision, and climate resilience. However, these environments also serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes, presenting challenges for public health. This paper reviews the ecology of mosquitoes in constructed wetlands, analyzing how climatic factors influence their populations and interactions within these systems. Rising global temperatures, which reached a recordhigh average of 1.45°C last year, are accelerating mosquito development. As temperatures continue to rise, the geographical distribution of mosquito species is shifting. or instance, Anopheles stephensi, a known malaria vector, has spread from its original habitats in Asia and the Middle East into parts of Africa. Additionally, Aedes aegypti’s transmission potential is expected to increase, particularly in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, while Aedes albopictus is likely to experience a decline in transmission potential in tropical regions that are becoming too hot for its survival. These findings highlight the need for adaptive strategies in the planning and management of urban wetlands to mitigate public health risks while maintaining their ecological benefits amid ongoing climate change.
Surgical management of a large maxillary non-odontogenic cyst using Le Fort I osteotomy: a short case report
Authors: Grzelczyk Lucie , Daurade Mathieu
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Non-odontogenic epithelial cysts are rare and are typically treated by enucleation. The choice of surgical approach is influenced by factors such as lesion size, location, and patient-specific anatomy. Observation: This case involves a 62-year-old male with a large (33 × 36 mm) maxillary epithelial cyst complicated by a history of cleft palate. A Le Fort I osteotomy was selected due to the lesion's size, posterior location, and the anatomical limitations imposed by the cleft. Alternative approaches, such as cyst decompression, marsupialization, or endoscopy, were considered but ruled out due to the lesion's posterior position and volume. The osteotomy provided optimal access for complete enucleation while minimizing the risk of complications. Conclusion: Despite being more invasive, the Le Fort I osteotomy offered superior visibility and access, ensuring complete removal of the cyst.
Specific impact of a COVID-19 infection on training modalities of endurance sportsmen: an observational approach
Authors: Durand Fabienne , Boudry Félix , Yonnet Augustin , Meric Henri
Published: January 2025

Endurance exercise places demand on the respiratory system. A COVID-19 infection, which affects the respiratory system, could potentially increase this strain, possibly resulting in decreased endurance capacity. This research sought to examine how a COVID-19 infection influenced training modalities for endurance sportsmen compared to those not trained in endurance sports. A total of 468 sportsmen completed an online self-report questionnaire. The participants were categorized into endurance sportsmen (END, n = 246) and non-endurance sportsmen (NEND, n = 222). The study analyzed demographic information, sports profiles, COVID-19 infection characteristics, and the infection’s impact on training regimens. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding infection symptoms, symptom duration, lingering symptoms, or challenges when resuming training. However, 74.4% of END sportsmen reduced their training volume, compared to 25.6% of NEND sportsmen (p < 0.001). Significant between-group differences were noted for initial training durations of 2–5, 5–8, and 8–12 hours per week. A significantly larger proportion of END sportsmen required extended recovery time compared to NEND sportsmen (61.7% vs 38.3%, p < 0.05). The study concluded that COVID-19 infection leads to specific alterations in the training patterns of endurance trained sportsmen, resulting in decreased training volume and increased recovery time when compared to non-endurance sportsmen.
Étude qualitative descriptive, complémentaire à l’étude de 2021, sur l’utilisation de la simulation dans les enseignements des éducations en santé dans les instituts de formation en soins infirmiers d’Île-de-France
Authors: Pavageau Alice , Marchand Claire
Published: January 2025

Introduction : Les professionnels de santé sont amenés à développer des compétences éducatives et préventives au service des prises en soins des patients. La formation infirmière prévoit une compétence spécifique que les étudiants abordent sur le plan théorique mais qu’ils ont peu l’occasion de mettre en pratique lors des stages. La simulation semble pouvoir pallier ce manque d’opportunités. Objectif : L’étude complémentaire à l’étude de 2021 vise à décrire plus précisément comment la simulation est utilisée dans les enseignements des éducations en santé en IFSI. Méthodes : Étude descriptive qualitative menée auprès de formateurs d’IFSI d’Île-de-France utilisant la simulation dans leurs enseignements des éducations en santé. Résultats : Dix entretiens semi-directifs ont été conduits dont neuf sont exploités. De façon générale, les formateurs utilisent le jeu de rôle particulièrement pour les enseignements de l’ETP. Les objectifs des séances visent l’application d’une étape de l’ETP et le développement d’une posture au service de l’éducation. Discussion : Les phases de la simulation respectent les recommandations de la HAS mais l’évaluation mériterait d’être davantage travaillée afin d’identifier les apprentissages réels par les séances de simulation. Les patients mériteraient d’être davantage impliqués dans ces projets au service de la professionnalisation des étudiants.
Association between Clot Waveform Analysis Parameters and the Severity of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Thanapirom Kessarin , Suksawatamnuay Sirinporn , Thaimai Panarat , Ananchuensook Prooksa , Kijrattanakul Pitiphong , Angchaisuksiri Pantep , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Komolmit Piyawat
Published: January 2025

Background Clot waveform analysis (CWA) provides a global assessment of hemostasis and may be useful for patients with cirrhosis with complex hemostatic abnormalities. This study aimed to assess the association between prothrombin time (PT-) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT-) based CWA parameters and cirrhosis severity and prospectively evaluate the role of CWA in predicting mortality and acute decompensation (AD) over 1 year.

Methods This prospective study included adult patients with cirrhosis between June 2021 and December 2023 at Chulalongkorn University Hospital. The PT- and aPTT-based CWA parameters were obtained using an automated coagulation analyzer.

Results A total of 560 patients with cirrhosis were included; 165 (29.5%) and 47 (11.5%) had Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) B and C cirrhosis, respectively. The PT- and aPTT-based CWA parameters, including maximum velocity (min1), maximum acceleration (min2), and maximum deceleration (max2), were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis than in those with compensated cirrhosis. Additionally, CWA values were significantly higher in patients with higher CTP and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores. Multivariable analysis revealed that liver stiffness (LS) and max2 of PT-based CWA assay were independently associated with CTP B/C. In addition, min2 and max2 of PT-based CWA assay were independently associated with 1-year mortality. No significant differences in CWA parameters were observed between patients with and without portal vein thrombosis. CWA parameters were not related to AD during the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion A hypocoagulable profile based on CWA parameters is associated with advanced-stage cirrhosis. CWA may be a useful objective marker for assessing cirrhosis severity and predicting 1-year mortality.
Perinatal Mortality Trend Associated with Maternal Obesity in United States between 2015 and 2020
Authors: Yao Ruofan , Rossi Jordan , Nguyen Hoang Yen , Vedhanayagam Kriti , Tritch Neville , Karageuzian Sergio , Gedestad Ilish , Contag Stephen
Published: January 2025

Objective Obesity is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth and neonatal death. Since the publication of A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management (ARRIVE) in 2018, there was an increase in 39-week deliveries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the trends in perinatal mortality by body mass index (BMI) category from 2015 to 2020.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of U.S. births between 2015 and 2020. The rates of stillbirths, infant deaths, and perinatal mortality were calculated for each BMI category. Logistic regression models were constructed based on specific outcome rates from 2015 to 2018 to predict the rates in 2019 and 2020. The predicted rates were compared with the actual rates to determine possible deviations due to policy and practice changes that occurred.

Results Between 2015 and 2018, the stillbirth rate increased for ascending BMI categories. Whereas the neonatal death rate decreased for all except the underweight group, the perinatal death rate increased in all except for those with category III obesity. In 2019 the perinatal mortality rate decreased for every BMI category except underweight group. In 2020, the rate of infant deaths increased for all BMI categories compared with the predicted rates. The results were similar after excluding common comorbidities.

Conclusion Perinatal mortality rates improved in 2019, reversing the increasing trend from 2015 to 2018. However, this trend did not persist for some BMI categories in 2020. These findings may suggest a beneficial effect of policy changes since the ARRIVE trial publication and the negative effects from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Key Points
Cerebrospinal Fluid Composition of Infants with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Daniel Katherine B. , Benjamin Daniel K. , Smith P. Brian , Cotten C. Michael , Clark Reese H. , Greenberg Rachel G.
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aimed to characterize the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants with stroke and compare those findings to the CSF of infants with bacterial meningitis and neither condition in the first 14 postnatal days.

Study design Cohort study of 30,092 infants who received a lumbar puncture in the first 14 postnatal days discharged from >400 neonatal intensive care units from 1997 to 2020. CSF parameters were compared between infants with stroke and bacterial meningitis using non-parametric hypothesis testing and quantile regression.

Results Compared to infants with bacterial meningitis, infants with stroke had a significantly lower median protein concentration, higher median glucose concentration, higher median red blood cell count, and higher median monocyte count. Using quantile regression at the 75th percentile, infants with stroke had a significantly lower white blood cell count, segmented neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count than infants with bacterial meningitis.

Conclusion This study addresses the paucity of literature describing the CSF of infants with ischemic stroke. Knowledge of the differences in CSF parameters between infants with stroke and meningitis may allow for faster recognition and intervention before CSF culture results are available.

Key Points
Effects of Alternative Milk on Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Formation and Enamel Demineralization in Human Primary Teeth
Authors: Srivoha Naruemon , Asvanund Yuwadee , Mitrakul Kemthong , Srisatjaluk Ratchapin
Published: January 2025

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alternative milk on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and their ability to demineralize enamel in primary teeth.

Materials and Methods First, to evaluate the effects of cow milk, lactose-free cow milk, goat milk, unsweetened pistachio milk, and sweetened pistachio milk on S. mutans biofilm formation, biofilm assay was conducted. The optical density (OD) was measured to determine S. mutans biofilm. Second, to assess the enamel demineralization, enamel slabs were prepared from 50 primary incisor teeth and divided into three test groups, along with positive and negative control groups. Enamel slabs were immersed in each type of milk three times a day for 5 days. The percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL) for enamel demineralization was measured. One enamel slab was randomly selected from each group to visualize the enamel opacity in demineralization area by using a light microscope. Another slab was randomly selected from each group to stain with fluorescence dye and to observe the biofilm structure by using a confocal microscope.

Results The OD ± SD (standard deviation) measurements for S. mutans biofilm formation in cow milk, lactose-free cow milk, goat milk, unsweetened pistachio milk, and sweetened pistachio milk were 0.082 (± 0.002), 0.086 (± 0.004), 0.083 (± 0.007), 0.0952 (± 0.010), and 0.342 (± 0.072), respectively. The sweetened pistachio milk exhibited significantly more biofilm formation than the other milk (p < 0.05). Since there was no significant difference in biofilm formation among cow milk, lactose-free cow milk, goat milk, and unsweetened pistachio milk, we tested the enamel demineralization only with cow milk, unsweetened pistachio milk, and sweetened pistachio milk. The %SHL (± SD) for cow milk, unsweetened pistachio milk, and sweetened pistachio milk were 20.01 (± 2.618), 22.088 (± 3.4), and 35.49 (± 2.069), respectively. The %SHL on the enamel in sweetened pistachio milk was higher (p < 0.001) than other tested milk. White spot lesion was directly visualized on slabs in sweetened pistachio milk under light microscope. Biofilm formed in sweetened pistachio milk demonstrated a mushroom-like structure, whereas cow milk and unsweetened pistachio milk had a flat biofilm structure.

Conclusion Sweetened pistachio milk increases the risk for primary incisor teeth caries formation greater than cow milk and unsweetened pistachio milk regarding S. mutans biofilm formation was higher in quantity and ability to demineralization in primary teeth.
Oral Cancer's New Enemy: Goniothalamus umbrosus Targets Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Spare Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Aziz Nuraini Che , Alahmad Basma Ezzat Mustafa , Kashmoola Muhanad Ali , Lestari Widya , Rosdy Nik Mohd Mazuan Nik Mohd , Mokhtar Khairani Idah
Published: January 2025

Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the prevailing type of oral cancer, representing poor prognosis and elevated mortality rates. Major risk factors for OSCC include the use of tobacco products, alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, and genetic mutation. Goniothalamus umbrosus is traditionally consumed by cancer patients to fight against tumor growth. To date, research on the anticancer potential of G. umbrosus in oral cancer remains deficient. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of G. umbrosus in OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and HSC-3) and compare its cytotoxic activity on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell lines.

Material and Methods Leaves of G. umbrosus were cleaned, air dried, ground, and soaked for 24 hours with methanol and hexane repeatedly three times, respectively. Pooled extracts of each solvent were then dried with a rotary evaporator. Anticancer potential of G. umbrosus extracts was evaluated on two OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and HSC-3) and a normal HGF cell line incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin was assessed as a positive control. Morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope.

Results MTT assay revealed that G. umbrosus methanol extract (GUME) displayed moderate anticancer activity on SCC-15, HSC-3, and HGF cell lines with IC50 values of 126.67, 90.5, and 87.33 µg/mL following 72 hours' incubation times, respectively. G. umbrosus hexane extract (GUHE) exerted moderate anticancer activity against SCC-15 and HSC-3 cell lines with IC50 values of 171 and 174 µg/mL, respectively, but weak cytotoxicity against the HGF cell line with IC50 value of 343.5 µg/mL. Cisplatin exerted a strong cytotoxic impact on both OSCC and HGF cell lines. Morphological observation revealed the characteristics of cells undergoing apoptosis.

Conclusion The findings show that GUHE was more selective in inhibiting the proliferation of oral cancer cells than GUME by exerting moderate cytotoxicity on OSCC cell lines and weak cytotoxicity in HGF cells, while GUME exerted moderate cytotoxicity on both. These findings suggest a more targeted anticancer effect by GUHE as compared with cisplatin, which exerted nonselective cytotoxic activity. These findings provide a groundwork for the development of more targeted plant-based treatment for oral cancer.
RF SQUID of 10−28 J/Hz sensitivity at nitrogen temperature
Authors: Shnyrkov V. I. , Tsoi G. M. , Kozyr’ A. G. , Glyantsev V. N.
Published: January 2025

Superconducting quantum interferometers with a spectral noise density 8·10−29 J/Hz and 2·10−28 J/Hz in the frequency range f > 30 Hz at 77 K are made of polycrystalline bulk ceramics YBaCuO. The measurements are made on SQUID’s with the quantization circuit inductance L ≥ LF(Φ0/2π)1/kBT. It is found that the 1/f-type noises and their boundary frequency depend on the quality of the initial material.
Modeling and simulation of seasonal performance of silica-polymethylpentene for diurnal radiative cooling under direct sunlight
Authors: Nwaji G. N. , Oraka C. R. , Okoro H. O. , Okoronkwo A. C. , Ogueke N. V. , Anyanwu E. E.
Published: January 2025

Passive radiative cooling presents a smart alternative energy solution to the increasing demand for energy, especially for thermal comfort, as it requires energy input while being environmentally friendly. Achieving cooling through radiation is, however, material dependent. This study investigates the seasonal performance of a radiative cooling arrangement for all-year cooling. A 2D mathematical model of a diurnal radiative cooler was developed from first principles based on thermal energy balance and was parameterized using the climatic data of Owerri, Nigeria, to evaluate the thermal performance of the cooler during the late Harmattan (January), early rainy (April), late rainy (September), and early Harmattan (November) seasons in the study location. The months so chosen and their peculiar climatic characteristics are representative of the four seasons that characterize the study location. The system showed appreciable cooling under direct sunlight in all the months, indicating that diurnal passive radiative cooling is feasible all year round. Sub-ambient temperature values of 5, 3, 3.4, and 5 °C were recorded for the months of January, April, September, and November, under solar irradiance of 1250, 1150, 950, and 1200 W/m2 and cooling powers of 94, 107, 84, and 96 W/m2, respectively.
Implementation of simultaneous ultraviolet/visible and x-ray absorption spectroscopy with microfluidics
Authors: McCubbin Stepanic Olivia , Pollock Christopher J. , Zielinski Kara A. , Foschi William , Rice Derek B. , Pollack Lois , DeBeer Serena
Published: January 2025

X-ray spectroscopies are uniquely poised to describe the geometric and electronic structure of metalloenzyme active sites under a wide variety of sample conditions. UV/Vis (ultraviolet/visible) spectroscopy is a similarly well-established technique that can identify and quantify catalytic intermediates. The work described here reports the first simultaneous collection of full in situ UV/Vis and high-energy resolution fluorescence detected x-ray absorption spectra. Implementation of a fiber optic UV/Vis spectrometer and parabolic mirror setup inside the dual array valence emission spectrometer allowing for simultaneous measurement of microfluidic flow and mixing samples at the Photon-In Photon-Out X-ray Spectroscopy beamline is described, and initial results on ferricyanide and a dilute iron protein are presented. In conjunction with advanced microfluidic mixing techniques, this will allow for the measurement and quantification of highly reactive catalytic intermediates at reaction-relevant temperatures on the millisecond timescale while avoiding potential complications induced by freeze quenching samples.
Imaging pyrometry of metal fragments initially generated during the supersonic impact of reactive metal projectiles
Authors: Idrici Dihia , Goroshin Samuel , Loiseau Jason , Frost David L.
Published: January 2025

The early stage of the impact-initiated reaction of supersonic cylindrical reactive metal projectiles (magnesium, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium) with an inert aluminum oxide target is investigated experimentally with impact velocities from 1.1 to 1.3 km/s. A three-color imaging pyrometer is used to obtain temperature maps of the condensed fragments generated during the first few microseconds following contact between the projectile and the target. Experiments conducted in inert and oxidizing atmospheres confirm that chemical reactions initiate readily upon contact between the projectile and the target. In oxidizing atmospheres, the fragment temperatures measured for each metal are, on average, below but near the respective adiabatic temperature in air, except for Zr which produced temperatures significantly below expectations. Only the particles shed at the interface between the projectile and the target visibly react with the oxygen in the ambient atmosphere. At the impact velocities under study, only a small fraction, on the order of a few percent, of the mass of the projectile is finely fragmented during the initial impact event.
A novel spatiotemporal fusion wind speed prediction method under wind farm control center: BiTCN–transformer–cross-attention
Authors: Yang Wanyi , Liang Tao , Mi Dabin , Tan Jianxin , Jing Yanwei , Lv Liangnian
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a hybrid model for multivariate multi-wind farm wind speed prediction to reduce operational costs at wind farm control centers and enhance prediction accuracy. Initially, a parallel prediction model called BiTCN–Transformer–Cross-attention (BTTCA) is developed, which integrates spatiotemporal features using cross-attention. The BTTCA model is pre-trained using historical data from four typical wind farms, with input consisting of historical wind speed and related meteorological information. Subsequently, the pre-trained models are deployed via transfer learning to predict wind speed at various other wind farms managed by the control center. By improving prediction accuracy, the model minimizes manual interventions, optimizes resource allocation, and enhances the operational efficiency of wind farms, thereby effectively reducing operational costs. Additionally, the MOPOA is applied to refine the predictions of these 4 pre-trained models, maximizing their offline potential and improving prediction accuracy. Analysis of experimental results and comparisons with other algorithmic models suggests that this hybrid wind speed prediction model performs effectively.
Predicting self-diffusion coefficients of small molecular fluids using machine learning and the statistical associating fluid theory for Mie segments
Authors: Šlepavičius Justinas , Patti Alessandro , Avendaño Carlos
Published: January 2025

In our previous work [Šlepavičius et al.,“Application of machine-learning algorithms to predict the transport properties of Mie fluids,” J. Chem. Phys. 159, 024127 (2023)], we applied three machine learning (ML) models to predict the self-diffusion coefficient of spherical particles interacting via the Mie potential. Here, we introduce an optimization approach using the so-called statistical associating fluid theory for Mie segments and available vapor–liquid equilibria data to obtain molecular parameters for both Mie and Lennard-Jones potentials to describe the diffusion coefficient of 16 molecules described as a single sphere. Our ML models utilize these molecular parameters to predict the self-diffusion of these molecules. We conduct a comparative analysis between the molecular parameters derived from our thermodynamic approach and those obtained through direct fitting of the experimental self-diffusion coefficients. Our findings indicate that the predictive accuracy remains largely unaffected by the specific repulsive and attractive exponents of the Mie potential employed, provided that the fitting of the molecular parameters is precise. The Mie parameters obtained within a thermodynamic framework exhibit a higher coefficient of determination (R2) and absolute average relative deviation values compared to those derived from molecular parameters derived from fitting the self-diffusion coefficient, indicating their superior precision at higher values of the self-diffusion coefficient. Despite this discrepancy, the overall precision of both methodologies remains comparable. Given the abundance of precise thermodynamic data in contrast to self-diffusion data, we advocate the thermodynamic fitting approach as the preferred method for acquiring accurate Mie coefficients, essential to predict self-diffusion coefficients with ML and semi-empirical models.
Dynamics and acoustics of bubbles detached from non-rigid orifices
Authors: Sun Xinyu , Liu Jingting , Qi Haoyang , Peng Cheng , Song Yongxing
Published: January 2025

The presence of natural gas hydrates often coincides with the formation of bubble plumes, serving as evidence for their existence and potential exploitation. Bubble formation boundaries are non-rigid and differ from those formed at rigid boundaries. This study employed an image and acoustic signal synchronization acquisition device in the experimental area to investigate the effects of gas flow rate on the dynamics and acoustics of bubble release from particle layers. The results indicate that as gas flow rate increases, bubble size, production frequency, and particle displacement range increase, while the primary frequency of bubble acoustics decreases. Additionally, the time domain waveform of bubble formation changes from triangular to spindle-shaped; the primary frequency of acoustic signals decreases from 1072 to 625 Hz, with a gradual concentration in distribution. Acoustic frequencies calculated using the Minnaert formula and equivalent diameter are higher than those measured by hydrophones. The initial bubble's acoustic signal intensity and duration are greater than those of subsequent bubbles. This work contributes to the advancement of natural gas hydrate detection techniques and the analysis of their distribution patterns.
Dynamics of electrochemical dendritic propagation in circular domains
Authors: Aryanfar Asghar , Dhara Trina , DasGupta Sunando
Published: January 2025

The accumulation pattern in the dendritic microstructures in rechargeable batteries has a deterministic impact on their state of health and longevity. The dendrites either can cause early short-circuits or form dead lithium crystals during the prolonged charge–discharge cycles. We perform experiments, combined with percolation-based computations in parallel, to anticipate the dynamics in the state and rate of propagation of dendritic microstructures, in a circular domain. Subsequently, we develop a physical paradigm to correlate and verify the non-linear behavior in the growth dynamics. Coupling two approaches, we elaborate further on the location of the minimum growth rate, anticipate the main drive factor for microstructures, and get an estimation for the atomic-scale porosity. Additionally, we elaborate further on the role of curvature and the inter-electrode gap in enhancing/deviating from the typical Cottrell behavior. The established framework could be useful for designing the space of parameters for cell geometry, the electrolyte, as well as the charging condition to optimize for healthy operation and avoiding short-circuit.