bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miRNA‐103‐3p‐Hlf regulates apoptosis and autophagy by targeting hepatic leukaemia factor in heart failure
Authors: Xue Pengcheng , Liu Yang , Wang Haifeng , Huang Junling , Luo Ming
Published: August 2023

Aims

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is an important factor leading to the occurrence and development of heart failure (HF), which is associated with high mortality of patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of HF in terms of expression and regulation patterns using bioinformatics and experimental validation.

Methods and results

Two HF datasets were collected: a dataset GSE112056 downloaded from the GEO database (including mRNA and miRNA sequencing data) and another is the laboratory‐owned mRNA dataset. Differential mRNAs and miRNAs in the two datasets were screened using the raw Bayesian approach method. Gene Ontology was used to perform functional enrichment analysis of the differential mRNAs and co‐expression network analysis of the differential mRNAs, combined with nuclear transcription factors in the differential miRNAs and mRNAs for target gene prediction. A HF cell model was constructed using mouse cardiomyocytes (HL‐1), and the role and mechanism of miRNA‐103‐3p‐Hlf (hepatic leukaemia factor) in the process of HF was verified by cell transfection, luciferase reporter gene, WB, and qPCR. We found that Hlf gene expression was decreased in the HF model group and strongly correlated with FYCO1 (FYVE and coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein 1) gene, a phenomenon enriched in apoptotic autophagy‐related pathways. MiR‐103‐3p expression was up‐regulated in the HF model group, and its targeting correlation with Hlf was confirmed by luciferase activity assay. In the HL‐1 cell model, miR‐103‐3p significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in HL‐1 cells (all P < 0.05), and overexpression of the Hlf gene reversed this phenomenon, inhibiting apoptosis and promoting autophagy in HL‐1 cells (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

MiR‐103‐3p affects myocardial cells apoptosis and autophagy by targeting Hlf, playing as a potential therapeutic biomarker for HF progression.
Monofluoromethylation of Cyclic Sulfamidates and Sulfates with α‐Fluorocarbanions of Fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane and Ethyl 2‐Fluoroacetoacetate
Authors: Zeng Jun‐Liang , Niu Liangfeng , Wang Zhiwen , Wei Renjie , Cahard Dominique
Published: August 2023

A regioselective fluoromethylation by ring‐opening of cyclic sulfamidates and sulfates with α‐fluorocarbanions and subsequent reductive desulfonylation is developed. Fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane (FBSM) was explored as fluoromethide equivalent and the reaction was extended to the α‐fluorocarbanion of ethyl 2‐fluoroacetoacetate. This approach allows access to γ‐ and δ‐fluoroamines as well as γ‐ and δ‐fluoroalcohols in high yields.
Personalized pain assessment: What does ‘acceptable pain’ mean to you?
Authors: Forget Patrice , Kahtan Hanaa , Jordan Abbie
Published: August 2023

Background

What ‘acceptable pain’ means may be different for everyone and dependent on the moment and the context. In this text, we explore the concepts of pain acceptability and acceptance. We explain why we need to better explore (un)acceptable pain, to eventually facilitate pain assessment and management.

Methods

Using different approaches and perspectives (with examples and application from multiple disciplines, i.e. orthopaedics, psychology, pharmacological therapy), we discussed anecdotal examples and included a systematic, scoping and literature review.

Results

We rejected the idea that in the context of chronic pain, acceptability, disability and manageability overlap neatly. Additionally, we rejected the validity of pain intensity rating scales to sufficiently explore individuals' experience of pain. In the one study that met our criteria, a definition of ‘acceptable pain’ was dropped as participants deemed it inappropriate because it did not address the significant challenges associated with pain. This is important, however, because the acceptability of pain may precede, follow and/or inform the ‘pain acceptance’ process, which is an important concept associated with better outcomes.

Conclusions

Very little is known regarding what ‘acceptable pain’ may mean to people living with pain. Qualitative studies may improve our understanding of individuals' perceptions, perspectives and expectations as we do not know, for the moment, what ‘acceptable pain’ may mean to a particular person and, potentially, regarding a specific treatment or other contextual aspects that are not captured with currently used scores and quantitative measures.

Significance

What does ‘acceptable pain’ mean may differ between people with painful experiences and may depend on contextual factors. Pain acceptability may be distinct from manageability, and may precede, follow and/or inform the ‘pain acceptance’ process. This text, rigorously based on a review of the existing literature, defends the idea that acceptable pain should be better studied.
Copper Thiophosphate (Cu3PS4) as an Electrode Material for Lithium Solid‐State Batteries with Lithium Thiophosphate (β–Li3PS4) Electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Zhenggang , Mazzio Katherine A. , Riegger Luise M. , Brehm Wolfgang , Janek Jürgen , Sann Joachim , Adelhelm Philipp
Published: August 2023

Lithium thiophosphate (β‐Li3PS4) is a promising solid electrolyte (SE) for solid‐state batteries (SSBs). A major limitation is its very narrow electrochemical stability window which is caused by redox reactions involving sulfur and phosphorous. As these redox processes can be reversible, thiophosphates can be also studied as electrode materials. Herein, the use of Cu3PS4 as an active electrode material for Li SSBs with β‐Li3PS4 as the SE is explored. Both compounds exhibit similarities in crystal structure and composition which may benefit their compatibility. An In/InLi alloy is used as the counter electrode. The influence of electrode composition and temperature (room temperature and 60 °C) on the cell behavior is investigated. For an electrode composition of Cu3PS4: β–Li3PS4: C65 = 40: 50: 10 wt%, the initial discharge capacity at 60 °C is 776 mAh g−1 which fades over 60 cycles to 508 mAh g−1 when cycled between 0.8 and 2.8 V (vs. Li+/Li) at 50 mA g−1 (254.8 μA cm−2). Analysis by X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that Cu3PS4 irreversibly decomposes during lithiation. During cycling, the redox activity is found to be due to Cu2S and S8 redox.
Chemical Thermal Runaway Modeling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries for Prediction of Heat and Gas Generation
Authors: Weber Niklas , Schuhmann Sebastian , Tübke Jens , Nirschl Hermann
Published: August 2023

Along with the increased usage of lithium‐ion batteries and their development in energy densities, safety issues arise that have to be investigated. The most serious battery safety event is called thermal runaway. Herein, a chemical thermal runaway model with ten decomposition reactions is developed. It is coupled with thermal simulations in order to predict temperature curves as well as amount and composition of released gases during thermal runaway. Simulations are validated by thermal abuse experiments in an autoclave. Detailed temperature measurements and gas analysis are included. Simulations and experimental results prove to be in good agreement. The model is further applied to investigate thermal runaway behavior of cells with different energy densities.
Energy Harvesting by V‐Shape Bluff Bodies with Various Apical Angles Attached to a Revolute Joint
Authors: Özkan Musa , Basaran Sinan , Erkan Onur
Published: August 2023

This study parametrically investigates the efficiency of an integrated energy harvesting system that consists of a piezoelectric patch attached to a cantilever beam and V‐shape bluff bodies with various apical angles. V‐shape bluff bodies are connected to a cantilever beam with a revolute joint that represents a two degrees‐of‐freedom configuration. The mechanical energy of the galloping and fluttering motions, resulting from the vortex shedding that appears downstream of the bluff bodies, is converted into electricity by means of a piezoelectric patch. The apical angle of the V‐shape geometries, that varies between 0° and 180°, is the main parameter where the generated voltages and the related power curves are the major results for the evaluation of the efficiency of this harvesting system. Based on the experimental examinations, the maximum output power of 0.295 mW is produced at a wind speed of 10 m s−1for the apical angle of 180° and the electrical resistance of 230 kΩ. Moreover, the proposed energy harvester system can still produce usable output power for the apical angles ranges from 0° to 20° and from 170° to 180°.
Research on gob‐side entry‐retaining technology with coal rib and corner strengthened support in soft rock strata
Authors: Li Tingchun , Zhu Qingwen , Lou Qingnan , Zhang Hao , Ran Jinlin
Published: August 2023

The gob‐side entry‐retaining by roof cutting and pressure relief (GERRC) method is an advanced no‐pillar mining method that can significantly improve coal recovery and reduce roadway accidents. However, according to case studies, there is relatively little research on the application of the GERRC method in geological conditions of soft rock formations (especially when the roof and floor are both mudstone), and such research is needed. Therefore, based on the typical soft strata of the Xinyi Coal Mine, this paper analyzes the failure mechanism of the roadways and proposes the GERRC method with coal rib and corner strengthened support (CRCSS). The evaluation indexes of the roof convergence rate and cable safety margin are established, and the effects of roof cutting and CRCSS on roadway deformation control are explored by a numerical comparison test. The results show that roof cutting has a limited effect on roadway deformation. The deformation can be reduced by 75.77% by implementing CRCSS on the basis of GERRC. Then, the evolution characteristics of roadway stress and deformation in the process of mining are further discussed through field contrast tests. The field application results show that compared with that of GERRC with conventional support, the surrounding rock deformation of GERRC with CRCSS is reduced by more than 55%, the safety margin of the cable is improved. The overpressure of the hydraulic prop is diminished, and the stability distance of the roadway is reduced by approximately 30%. Finally, this paper discusses the mechanism to control roadway deformation by CRCSS. This research expounds the rationality of CRCSS, and the results can provide a reference for other situations with similar geological conditions.
Effects of diets containing grape pomace on the growth, nutrition indices, and the quality traits of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Mahmoodi Barzan , Aberoumand Ali , Ziaei‐nejad Saeed , Seyyedi Sadra
Published: August 2023

The fish diet is one of the essential factors in the development of aquaculture. The purpose of present study was to evaluate using grape pomace as a main feed ingredient on growth performance, body chemical composition, survival rate, and morphological indices of the carp (Cyprinus carpio). 200 fish with an average weight of 7 ± 0.4 g were randomly distributed in four tanks for total of 56 days. The fish were fed with a diet containing 5%, 10%, and 15% grape pomace in different feeding groups designated as G1, G2, and G3. The average daily weight gain (g), weights gain (g), and specific growth rate (%) were significantly higher (p < .05) in G3 as compared to G1 and G2 groups. The lowest feed conversion ratio was recorded in G3 group. The morphological indices, condition factors, viscerosomatic index, and hepatosomatic index were significantly higher in G3 group as compared to other treatments. The protein, fat, moisture, and ash contents in the C. carpio fillets were significantly influenced by feeding rate. The results showed that grape pomace had a positive effect on growth, survival, and nutritional indices in the carp fish. According to the obtained results, grape pomace (150 g/kg food) can be considered as the diet component for the carp fish.
Infrared spectra of mixtures of heated and unheated clay: Solving an interpretational conundrum
Authors: Ogloblin Ramirez Isaac , Dunseth Zachary C. , Shalem Dina , Shahack‐Gross Ruth
Published: August 2023

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is frequently used for archaeological studies related to fire, allowing, among other things, researchers to distinguish between unheated and heated clay minerals. However, heat signatures are not always clear‐cut in infrared spectra of bulk sediments, as spectra occasionally appear with ambiguous absorbance bands attributed to hydroxyl (OH) in clay minerals. This paper presents an experimental study addressing this interpretational problem by considering the effect of mixtures of heated and unheated clay, a phenomenon expected in archaeological sites. After creating experimental mixtures and testing them using bulk FTIR spectroscopy, our results indicate that even a relatively small amount of unheated clay—only ca. 5%–10% mixed into a fully heated deposit—will result in ambiguous infrared spectra that are difficult to interpret. For comparison, ambiguous bulk FTIR spectra from two archaeological contexts—an ashy fill within a pit installation and a hearth—were studied with FTIR microspectroscopy, which demonstrated the presence of unheated clay within a largely heated deposit. Micromorphological observations explain the mixed nature of the investigated archaeological contexts, in this case, primarily via bioturbation. Our results thus emphasize the importance of microcontextual analysis of clay minerals. Furthermore, these results indicate that heated deposits are likely missed altogether in some archaeological contexts where only bulk FTIR analyses have been conducted.
Petrology, geochemistry and U–Pb zircon geochronology of Fe–Ti oxide ore‐bearing mafic sill from Saltora‐Mejia area of Chotanagpur Granite Gneissic Complex, eastern India: Implication for late tectonic emplacement of mafic rock of E‐MORB nature in an orogenic belt
Authors: Mondal Riya , Ray Arijit , Mouli Chakraborti Tushar , Kimura Kosuke
Published: August 2023

An east–west‐trending medium‐grained mafic sill containing co‐genetic Fe–Ti oxide ore lenses is found disposed within granite gneisses around Saltora‐Mejia area in the eastern part of the Chotanagpur Granite Gneissic Complex (CGGC) of eastern India. CGGC is considered as a Proterozoic mobile belt as it witnessed multiple phases of deformation and high‐ grade metamorphism during 1.8–0.8 Ga. Occurrence of such Fe–Ti oxide ore‐bearing mafic sill is unique in the entire CGGC which is a vast Proterozoic orogenic belt and has witnessed many phases of voluminous mafic and felsic magmatisms. The mafic rock is of gabbronorite composition which contains plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene as major constituent primary minerals and amphibole as late magmatic mineral. The rock shows sub‐ophitic, intergranular, mosaic and poikilitic texture (defined by larger pargasitic grain). The gabbronorite shows iron enriched tholeiitic character, low Mg#, low abundances of Ni and Cr, slight enrichment in LILE, LREE and slight depletion in HFSE like Nb and Ti. The computed melt in equilibrium with the studied gabbronorite shows transitional orogenic to anorogenic, within‐plate and E‐MORB‐like geochemical character. In this study, the U–Pb zircon crystallization age (~960 Ma) of the Saltora‐Mejia gabbronorite is reported for the first time which coincides with the late tectonic stage of the most pervasive orogenic activity in the CGGC around 1.2–0.9 Ga. Transitional orogenic to anorogenic geochemical character, late tectonic evolution and other field and laboratory evidences together suggest evolution of the Saltora‐Mejia gabbronorite sill in a late tectonic extensional environment which might have been facilitated by delamination of a subducted plate and upwelling of asthenospheric mantle during the waning stage of a major orogeny in the CGGC.
What matters most: Exploring the everyday lives of people with dementia
Authors: Huizenga Jacoba , Scheffelaar Aukelien , Bleijenberg Nienke , Wilken Jean Pierre , Keady John , Van Regenmortel Tine
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Research on what matters most to people with dementia is crucial for developing tailored interventions and support. This study explored how people with dementia experience their everyday lives, providing insight into what is important to them to live the best they can at home.

Methods

Inspired by a phenomenological approach, open interviews were conducted with 15 people with dementia, supplemented by home tours and walking interviews. Data collection included one to three sessions per participant. Data were analysed using descriptive content analysis and followed the phases of open, axial, and selective coding. A co‐researcher group of seven people with dementia was consulted during the analysis to help interpret the emergent findings.

Findings

Six dimensions of what matters most in everyday life were identified: 1) Engaging in meaningful activities, which included routines, household chores, leisure, day activities, and volunteering or work; 2) Keeping a sense of connection, in relationships within the home, with family, friends, groups, and the neighbourhood; 3) Having a sense of belonging, which included attachments inside and outside the home, and to cherished objects; 4) Connecting to self, which included the ability to reflect on past experiences, live in the present moment and anticipate the future; 5) Adjusting to ongoing changes, which included alterations in sensory perceptions, perceptions of the physical environment, and navigating shifts in interpersonal dynamics; 6) Being open to help and support, from professionals, community and society.

Conclusions

For people with dementia, everyday life is a continuous balancing act between what matters most and what can be achieved daily. This is not only related to dementia but is also embedded in the wider perspective of life history, relational networks, and the physical environment. This study highlights the importance of identifying what matters most to people with dementia to provide person‐centred support.
Novel Synthetic Approach towards Amino‐Substituted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons through Electrocyclization of Keteniminium Salts
Authors: Yoshimura Masahiko , Quinodoz Pierre , Reyes Méndez Lucía , Kolleth Amandine , Sulzer‐Mossé Sarah , Vent‐Schmidt Thomas , Karadeniz Yezer Ulfet , Catak Saron , De Mesmaeker Alain
Published: August 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important family of molecules in science and technology. Amino‐substituted PAHs are promising building blocks to create attractive molecules for materials science. However, the synthetic limitations have hampered to produce diverse structures of amino‐substituted PAHs. Here we describe a novel efficient synthetic method to access amino‐substituted PAHs through the electrocyclization of highly reactive keteniminium species. We demonstrated the synthesis of various amino‐substituted PAHs and disclosed some of their photophysical properties. Furthermore, combination with theoretical calculation revealed that the multiple electrocyclization reactions of keteniminium species is a stepwise process and the fusion of additional aromatic ring to the substrate accelerates the electrocyclization.
DNA methylation: The epigenetic mechanism of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Qin Hao‐Yue , Liu Jiao‐Yan , Fang Chang‐Le , Deng Yan‐Ping , Zhang Ying
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, with the development of the social health care system, there is an increasing trend towards an aging society. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is also on the rise. AD is a kind of neurodegenerative disease that can be found in any age group. For years, scientists have been committing to discovering the cause of AD. DNA methylation is one of the most common epigenetic mechanisms in mammals and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including tumors. Studying chemical changes in the epigenome, or DNA methylation can help us understand the effects of our environment and life on diseases, such as smoking, depression, and menopause, which may affect people's chances of developing Alzheimer's or other diseases. Recent studies have identified some crucial genes like ANK1, RHBDF2, ABCA7, and BIN1, linking DNA methylation to AD. This review focuses on elucidating the relationship between DNA methylation and the pathogenesis of AD and provides an outlook on possible targeted therapeutic modalities.
Induction of heme oxygenase‐1 antagonizes PM2.5‐induced pulmonary VEGFA expression through regulating HIF‐1α
Authors: Xu Huan , Wen Qing , Xu Xiuduan , Liu Zhihui , Liu Shasha , Wang Hongli , Zhang Chongchong , Wan Delian , Liu Kun , Du Lina , Yuan Chao , Song Lun
Published: August 2023

Particulate matter (PM) 2.5 has long been regarded as a major risk factor of the respiratory system, which constitutes a threat to human health. Although the positive relationship between PM2.5 exposure and the development of respiratory diseases has been well established, limited studies investigate the intrinsic self‐protection mechanisms against PM2.5‐induced respiratory injuries. Excessive pulmonary inflammation served as a key pathogenic mechanism in PM2.5‐induced airway dysfunction, and we have previously shown that PM2.5 induced the production of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in the bronchial epithelial cells, which subsequently led to pulmonary inflammatory responses. In the current study, we found that PM2.5 also concurrently induced the expression of the stress‐responsive protein heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) along with VEGFA in the bronchial epithelial cells both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, knocking down of HO‐1 expression significantly increased the synthesis and secretion of VEGFA; while overexpression of HO‐1 showed the opposite effects, indicating that HO‐1 induction can antagonize VEGFA production in the bronchial epithelial cells upon PM2.5 exposure. Mechanistically, HO‐1 inhibited PM2.5‐evoked VEGFA induction through modulating hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF‐1α), which was the upstream transcriptional factor of VEGFA. More specifically, HO‐1 could not only inhibit HIF‐1α expression, but also suppress its transactivity. Taken together, our results suggested that HO‐1 was an intrinsic protective factor against PM2.5‐induced pulmonary VEGFA production with a mechanism relating to HIF‐1α, thus providing a potential treatment strategy against PM2.5 triggered airway injuries.
Oral health services in prison settings: A global scoping review of availability, accessibility, and model of delivery
Authors: Amaya Arianna , Medina Ivan , Mazzilli Sara , D'Arcy Jemima , Cocco Nicola , Van Hout Marie‐Claire , Stöver Heino , Moazen Babak
Published: August 2023

This review aimed at evaluating the state of availability, accessibility and model of delivery of oral health services in prisons, globally. Five databases of peer‐reviewed literature and potential sources of grey literature were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria encompassed oral health papers related to prisons globally, with exclusion of certain article types. Selection involved independent evaluations by two researchers, followed by quality assessment. Data on the availability of oral health interventions in prisons came from 18 countries, while information on the model of delivery of the services is scarce. In addition, two sets of individual and organizational barriers toward oral health service uptake in prisons were revealed and discussed in the text. Lack of oral health services in prisons affects people living in prisons and jeopardizes their reintegration. Urgent and concrete international actions are required to ensure the availability, accessibility, and quality of oral health services among people living in prisons.
Perceived impact of ethnocultural competency training on genetic counselors' clinical interactions
Authors: El Achi Dina , Brown Austin , Huguenard Sarah , Khan Sarah , Streff Haley , Nassef Salma
Published: August 2023

For genetic counselors to effectively meet the needs of an ever‐diversifying multicultural patient population, it is vital that their genetic counseling programs (GCPs) equip future genetic counselors to recognize the impact of a patient's ethnocultural background on clinical interactions (Towards a culturally competent system of care: A monograph on effective services for minority children who are severely emotionally disturbed (p. 28). CASSP Technical Assistance Center, Georgetown University Child Development Center, 1989). Concerns about genetic counseling cultural competency training (CCT) including content and delivery have been brought up by GCP students who identify as racial and ethnic minorities (Journal of Genetic Counseling,29, 303–314). Though GCPs must meet the Accreditation Council of Genetic Counselors' (ACGC) accreditation criteria, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the focus, type, and methods of delivery that GCPs have chosen to incorporate into their CCT, as ACGC does not dictate the exact focus, delivery, or format of training curricula. This quantitative study aimed to (1) characterize the current focus, type, and delivery of ethnocultural competency training in GCPs as perceived by second‐year genetic counseling students and recent graduates and (2) highlight their perception of its impact on their levels of preparedness and comfort when interacting with ethnoculturally diverse patients. One hundred and one survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square analyses, two‐sample Wilcoxon rank‐sum, and Fisher's exact tests. The results reveal significant variability in the format, type, and delivery of CCT provided by GCPs. Participants perceive that CCT focusing on specific traditions, medical considerations, and systemic healthcare disparities (taught to 74%, 61%, and 94% of students, respectively) related to ethnoculturally diverse patients was more likely to increase their self‐reported levels of preparedness and comfort for clinical interactions than training focused on racial or ethnic stereotypes and generalizations (taught to 88% of students). Although 94% of participants perceived their CCT as helpful, 61% reported they received an insufficient amount. In light of these results, we provide suggestions for the improvement of ethnocultural CCT and highlight future opportunities for more intentional and fruitful CCT in GCPs.
Intra‐ and interhost genomic diversity of monkeypox virus
Authors: Taouk Mona L. , Steinig Eike , Taiaroa George , Savic Ivana , Tran Thomas , Higgins Nasra , Tran Stephanie , Lee Alvin , Braddick Maxwell , Moso Michael A. , Chow Eric P. F. , Fairley Christopher K. , Towns Janet , Chen Marcus Y. , Caly Leon , Lim Chuan K. , Williamson Deborah A.
Published: August 2023

The impact and frequency of infectious disease outbreaks demonstrate the need for timely genomic surveillance to inform public health responses. In the largest known outbreak of mpox, genomic surveillance efforts have primarily focused on high‐incidence nations in Europe and the Americas, with a paucity of data from South‐East Asia and the Western Pacific. Here we analyzed 102 monkeypox virus (MPXV) genomes sampled from 56 individuals in Melbourne, Australia. All genomes fell within the 2022 MPXV outbreak lineage (B.1), with likely onward local transmission detected. We observed within‐host diversity and instances of co‐infection, and highlight further examples of structural variation and apolipoprotein B editing complex‐driven micro‐evolution in the current MPXV outbreak. Updating our understanding of MPXV emergence and diversification will inform public health measures and enable monitoring of the virus’ evolutionary trajectory throughout the mpox outbreak.
SHFL inhibits enterovirus A71 infection by triggering degradation of viral 3Dpolprotein via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway
Authors: Tan Chahui , Qin Xingliang , Tan Yongyao , Dong Xinhuai , Chen Delin , Liang Linyue , Li Jinling , Niu Ruoxi , Cao Kaiyuan , He Zhenjian , Wei Guohong , Huang Mingxing , Zhu Xun
Published: August 2023

Enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71) is a highly contagious virus that poses a major threat to global health, representing the primary etiological agent for hand–foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and neurological complications. It has been established that interferon signaling is critical to establishing a robust antiviral state in host cells, mainly mediated through the antiviral effects of numerous interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs). The host restriction factor SHFL is a novel ISG with broad antiviral activity against various viruses through diverse underlying molecular mechanisms. Although SHFL is widely acknowledged for its broad‐spectrum antiviral activity, it remains elusive whether SHFL inhibits EV‐A71. In this work, we validated that EV‐A71 triggers the upregulation of SHFL both in cell lines and in a mouse model. Knockdown and overexpression of SHFL in EVA71‐infected cells suggested that this factor could markedly suppress EV‐A71 replication. Our findings further revealed an intriguing mechanism of SHFL that it could interact with the nonstructural proteins 3Dpolof EV‐A71 and promoted the degradation of 3Dpolthrough the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Furthermore, the zinc‐finger domain and the 36 amino acids (164–199) of SHFL were crucial to the interaction between SHFL and EV‐A71 3Dpol. Overall, these findings broadened our understanding of the pivotal roles of SHFL in the interaction between the host and EV‐A71.
Possible influences of spring Barents Sea ice shrinking on Chinese heat wave events
Authors: Qianrong Ma , Zhikuan Wang , Taichen Feng , Ping Gao , Yuanyuan Ma , Pengcheng Yan , Guolin Feng
Published: August 2023

Heat waves have a catastrophic impact on ecosystems, economy, society and human health. Revealing the underlying physical drivers of heat waves is essential for improving extreme event forecasts and disaster prevention capabilities under climate change. Thus, this study provides an analysis of the maximum temperature, and heat wave frequency and duration during July–August in China from 1961 to 2022. Significant upward trends of different heat wave indexes were observed and broke the historical record in 2022. The influence of large‐scale circulation on heat waves illustrates that the eastward South Asia High (SAH) and anomalously westward Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) are closely associated with increased heat wave events, especially in 2022. We further demonstrate using reanalysis data that the Barents Sea ice shrinkage is associated with increased heat waves in China by modulating favourable atmospheric circulations. In addition, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which is closely linked to Arctic Sea ice, can provoke large‐scale Rossby waves, which in turn can cause extreme heat events in China. In particular, the reduced sea ice coupled with NAO strengthens the anomalous eastward SAH and anomalous westward WPSH of their position and intensity especially in 2022 and provides favourable atmospheric circulation patterns for the occurrence of heat waves.
Diverse impacts of strong and moderate intense El Niño–Southern Oscillation events on spring precipitation over Asia
Authors: Jing Haotong , Sun Jianqi
Published: August 2023

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are a major predictor of Asian spring precipitation. However, it is unclear whether ENSO events with different intensities have similar or different impacts on Asian spring precipitation. This question is explored in this study. According to their intensity, ENSO events are divided into strong and moderate (S‐ENSO and M‐ENSO) events. The analysis indicates that S‐ENSO events have stronger sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans, and warm/cold events can lead to significantly more/less precipitation over Central Asia and East China as well as less/more precipitation over the Indo‐China Peninsula, Tibetan Plateau, and Maritime Continent. The S‐ENSO events significantly affect the Walker circulation and West Pacific anticyclone and excite an eastward‐propagating wave train over the midlatitude Northern Hemisphere. The changes in these atmospheric circulations further alter the dynamic and moisture conditions over the aforementioned Asian regions, consequently leading to precipitation anomalies. In contrast, the M‐ENSO events have relatively weak SST anomalies over the tropics, and the warm/cold events can result in more/less precipitation over Central Asia, Mongolia and northern China and less/more precipitation over northeastern Siberia, South China and the Maritime Continent. The impact of M‐ENSO events on spring precipitation over the Asian regions mainly occurs due to modulating effects on the western Pacific pattern, Aleutian Low, and anomalous anticyclones over northwestern Asia. The results in this study indicate that ENSO events of different intensities may have different impacts on Asian spring precipitation, which should be considered when predicting it.
A MIGHTY ONE: THE LEADERSHIP, SERVICE, AND LEGACY OF FRANCES HESSELBEIN
Authors: McArthur Sarah
Published: August 2023

The author, the editor‐in‐chief of Leader to Leader, begins her tribute to Frances Hesselbein quoting from the 20th century writer George Bernard Shaw, including the following: Life is no “brief candle” for me. It is a sort of splendid torch which I have got hold of for the moment, and I want to make it burn as brightly as possible before handing it on to future generations.’’ She further discusses her close working relationship with Frances, and in describing the issue you are now reading, reflects that “She commanded the hearts and minds of the incredible mosaic of accomplished leaders and contributors who have assembled in this special commemorative issue of her beloved Leader to Leader journal. And we recognize that this is a mere drop in the bucket of the influence and impact of the mighty Frances Hesselbein.”
FRANCES HESSELBEIN CARED FOR PEOPLE FIRST
Authors: Stallard Michael Lee
Published: August 2023

The author recounts his friendship with Frances Hesselbein, and conversations that tied her leadership philosophy with genuine care for others. For Hesselbein, “valuing all people and giving them a voice in matters that were important to them was the right thing to do.” The author continues that “People gave their best efforts for Frances because she helped them feel they were part of a worthy mission and showed them she cared about them.” Drawing on the years when Frances was the CEO of the Girl Scouts of the USA, he lists various reasons for her success with that institution, including “She kept up with what was going on in the lives of those around her and personally reached out to anyone when congratulations or consolation were in order.” And: “In planning and allocating resources, she introduced a circular management process that involved nearly everyone within the organization.”
FRANCES HESSELBEIN AND THE MIRACLE OF YOU
Authors: Tschang Molly
Published: August 2023

The author notes that during Frances Hesselbein’s tenure as CEO of the Girl Scouts of the USA in the 1970s and 1980s, she was “lacking a peer group of fellow female CEOs.” Yet this may have been a source of her innovative leadership. The author writes that “Frances embraced the diversity of people, places, ideas and experiences long before any of that was in the corporate lingo.” Hesselbein’s ability to make people feel special and unique is captured by the author as “Frances saw you for the miracle of you. No judging or comparing. She was fully present; you were always the most important thing to her and you felt valued and heard.” Her effect was so profound on the author that it led her to start a new initiative that creates video, podcast and newsletter resources: “Frances inspired me to launch Say It Skillfully®, which is my own effort to help others say what needs to be said while still treating each other with respect and dignity.”
A rapid corrosion screening technique for grade 2707 hyper‐duplex stainless steel at ambient temperature
Authors: Zhou Yiqi , Cao Xiaoying , Mahmood Sultan , Engelberg Dirk Lars
Published: August 2023

The pitting corrosion behaviour of 27%Cr–7%Ni (2707) hyper‐duplex stainless steel (HDSS) at ambient temperature has been assessed using a novel bipolar electrochemistry test set‐up. Application of this technique generates a linear potential gradient at the surface of the HDSS 2707 test piece, which allows assessment of the pitting corrosion behaviour at ambient temperature. Pit nucleation and associated growth kinetics can be obtained and characterised. To assess pitting corrosion in high‐alloyed HDSS, the normal bipolar test method had to be modified by superimposing an auxiliary potential. This new test set‐up was demonstrated by characterising the nucleation of pits and associated pit growth kinetics. The latter occurred either at austenite/ferrite interphase or inside ferrite phase, with pit growth within the ferrite phase in the HCl environment.
Scalable Fabrication of Lightweight, Heat‐Resistant, and Controllable Sizes Polyimide Hollow Microspheres
Authors: Meng Haichao , Ni Long , Zhou Cuiqing , Qiu Chen , Luo Yinfu , Zou Huawei , Zhou Shengtai , Liang Mei
Published: August 2023

Polyimide hollow microspheres (PIHMs) possess lightweight and excellent thermal resistance, making them highly valuable for various applications in aerospace, catalysis, and irradiation. Co‐polymerized PIHMs (PIHMBMDs) are fabricated through powder foaming combined with a gradient heating strategy in this work. The diameter of PIHMBMDs ranged from 364 to 1230 µm, which can be designed by regulating the size of polyester ammonium salts (PEASs). The PIHMBMDs possess intact morphology with a breakage rate of 3%–10% and low bulk density with a density ranging from 28.3 to 62.9 kg m−3. Furthermore, PIHMBMDs exhibit excellent thermal properties with a 5% weight loss temperature and glass transition temperature of 525.0 and 282.5 °C, respectively, making it an ideal material for fabricating lightweight and high‐temperature‐resistant multifunctional composites. Moreover, the proposed method is simple, efficient, and easily scalable, which is suitable for industrial applications to manufacture large quantities of PIHMs.
Comparative Studies on the Anti‐Corrosive Action of Waterproofing Agent and Plant Extract to Steel Rebar
Authors: Somai Madan , Giri Ajaya , Roka Akash , Bhattarai Jagadeesh
Published: August 2023

Reinforcement of steel rebar in concrete infrastructure practices for a long time, mostly to improve tensile strength as well their service time. However, shortcomings related to damage of reinforced concrete (RfC) infrastructures becomes the business of corrosion researchers over the past few years, primarily from a safety and economic perspective. In general, the steel‐reinforced concrete (SRC) infrastructures are porous, and thence water as well different atmospheric pollutant gases penetrate it, causing the corrosion damages of the rebar, which shorten the prolonged existence of the RfC structures. The research aims to differentiate the efficacy and prosperity of waterproofing chemicals and methanol extract of Mangifera indica plant leaves for controlling the RfC susceptibility using a half‐cell corrosion potential measurement method following ASTM standard. The methanolic extract of M. indica leaves and waterproofing agents show high anti‐corrosion characteristics and can prescribe for the protection of the RfC infrastructures. The corrosion controlling performance level of 1000 and 2000 ppm M. indica extracts on the steel rebars in concrete has higher than the additions of alike concentration of both the water‐repellents depend on open‐circuit corrosion potential (CoP) shifting values to a noble direction.
Ecotoxicity Analysis and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials for the Environmental Remediation
Authors: Thakur Abhinay , Kumar Ashish
Published: August 2023

The evolution of a safe‐by‐design work premised on nanotechnology relies on the regulation of healthcare, safety, and environmental concerns throughout the manufacture, handling, preservation, assimilation, and disposal of nanomaterials. The practically infinite potential for nanoparticles to be functionalized, chemically interacted with, and added to new products necessitates a new management method for the safe and hazard‐free application of nanotechnology. Nanomaterials (NMs) like silver NMs and nanomaterial composites have a limited quantity of accurate toxicity and ecotoxicological evidence, which has a severe effect on the ecosystem. Due to the intricate and cross‐disciplinary architecture for several components and processes at the nanoscale, risk assessment in the field of nanotechnology necessitates an integrated interdisciplinary approach. In this review, the study begins by providing an insight into the general characteristics of nanoparticle synthesis and ecotoxicity assessments using a variety of green solutions. In addition, there are sections on safety protocols that encourage industrialists to use NMs more effectively in their operations.
Performance of Anticorrosive Measures of Steel in Concrete Infrastructure by Plant‐Based Extracts
Authors: Giri Ajaya , Gautam Madhab , Roka Akash , Bhattarai Nootan Prasad , Bhattarai Jagadeesh
Published: August 2023

Competence to combat corrosion of steel‐reinforced concrete (SRC) infrastructures for long periods has become a fascinating topic for corrosion scientists. The longevity of such infrastructures is limited mainly by the corrosion process. Hence, urgent demands for developing effective and practical methods are necessary to minimize the corrosion of such concrete structures. The anti‐corrosive components can be designed from the green plants' parts to mitigate the SRC corrosion in recent years. The ongoing research aims to substantiate the success of the leaf extract of Psidium guajava (LEPG) and its 50% blend (BnD) with the leaf extract of Mangifera indica (LEMI) for assessing the steel corrosion condition in a concrete slab. For this purpose, a fast corrosion potential monitoring (CPM) method is applied per the ASTM procedure. Outcomes of the work summarized that the additions of 500–4000 ppm LEPG and its 50% BnD blend have significant corrosion‐inhibiting action. The corrosion potential (ϕcorr) shifts toward a less corrosion‐risk area of the steel bar for 6 months at ambient conditions.
Lumbar punctures are safe in patients with ALS and have a risk profile similar to that in the non‐ALS population
Authors: Kreple Collin J. , Gajagowni Saivaroon , Jockel‐Balsaratti Jennifer , Bucelli Robert C. , Miller Timothy M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction/Aims

Analysis of biofluids, especially cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is critically important for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research. Collection of CSF is typically performed by lumbar puncture (LP). Previous studies have demonstrated the safety of LPs in patients with other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, although there are no published studies of the safety of LPs in patients with ALS. We performed a retrospective analysis of complications resulting from LPs.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of LPs performed between 2015 and 2021 on a total of 233 participants (healthy controls [n = 63], ALS [n = 154], and disease controls [n = 16]) as part of clinical research studies at the Washington University ALS Center. We used bivariate logistical analyses looking for associations between participant characteristics and adverse events (AEs), and likelihood ratio tests were used for significance testing.

Results

We found an overall AE rate of 21.03%. AEs included headache, back pain, vasovagal syncope, and severe headache requiring epidural blood patch. Participants with ALS were not more likely to experience post‐LP AEs compared to controls (odds ratio [OR] 0.61 [0.32–1.18]). Post‐LP headaches were significantly less likely in participants with ALS (OR 0.36 [0.15–0.83]).

Discussion

Our findings demonstrate that LP is a safe procedure for participants with ALS, with a similar or lower rate of AEs than in participants without ALS.
Barriers to conducting and publishing research among nursing faculty members at Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia: A qualitative study
Authors: Alotaibi Khalaf
Published: August 2023

Aim

To identify barriers to conducting and publishing research among nursing faculty members at Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia.

Design

A qualitative descriptive design was used.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive study was conducted on 12 nursing faculty members from two nursing colleges at Shaqra University, a public university located in Riyadh region, SA, under the supervision of the Ministry of Education. Data were collected between September and October 2021 using semi‐structured interviews and analysed thematically using content analysis.

Results

Three themes emerged in the study, namely (I) individual/personal barrier, (II) institutional barrier and (III) external factors. Barriers to conducting and publishing research included lack of time due to a high teaching load and lack of administrative and financial support. The present findings suggest that nursing faculty members in SA are facing many barriers hindering them from carrying out and publishing research activities. Such barriers need to be urgently addressed through different strategies, including allocating facilities and funds for research, motivating faculty members towards research, and ongoing education and training on research.
Organizational citizenship behavior in civil society workplaces
Authors: Langdon Steven , Fletcher Richard B. , Carr Stuart C.
Published: August 2023

Organizational citizenship behavior is argued to be particularly important to civil society organizations (Akhtar, Hakeem, & Naeem, 2017). However, organizational citizenship behavior needs further theoretically driven research in the civil society sector, which is the overarching aim of this study which compared two competing models of organizational citizenship behavior within the New Zealand's civil society sector: Organ (1988) and Williams and Anderson (1991) models. Participants were N = 442 employees from 217 civil society organizations in New Zealand. Confirmatory factor analysis tested these two competing measurement models of organizational citizenship behavior. Results suggested employees of civil society organizations tended to perform citizenship behavior in accordance with Organ (1988) structured five‐factor model, independent of their organization. Results are discussed, with a focus on why employees working in New Zealand's civil society sector seem to be more likely to perform Organ (1988) model of organizational citizenship behavior, and practical implications presented.