bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Cement Based Composite Materials with Styrofoam Inclusions
Authors: Strecker Kurt , Augusto da Silva Carlos , Ribeiro Filho Sérgio Luiz Moni
Published: June 2016

In civil engineering an increasing demand for lightweight concretes exists, because a lower density results in significant benefits for structural elements. Polystyrene foams may be used in the fabrication of lightweight concretes with a large density range. In this work, the influence of fine grained sand (<1mm) additions of 5, 10 and 20% on the properties of a composite consisted of cement with styrofoam inclusions of 20, 40 and 60% has been studied. Finite element analysis (FEA), using Abaqus software package, was carried out to predict numerically the effect of particle size and polystyrene fraction on the compressive strength of the composite materials. The composites were characterized by their density, porosity and compressive strength after 28 days. The density of the composites varied between 1250 and 1600 kg/m3 with a strength of 18 and 9 MPa for 20 and 60% of Styrofoam inclusions, respectively. The increase of the fraction of sand from 5 to 20% promoted the increase in bulk density and modulus of the composites. The effect of the addition of sand on the porosity and mechanical strength exhibited variation indicating the packing factor of the particles as the main responsible for this behavior. Based on the finite element analysis the amount of the stress in the composite increases with the increasing particle diameter. The composites investigated exhibited a uniform distribution of the polystyrene spheres, allowing their use for non-structural purposes.
Numerical Analyses of Timber Columns Reinforced by Particulate Composite Material
Authors: de Carvalho A. L. C. , Leila F. M. , Dias A. M. S. , Christoforo A. L. , Silva D. A. Lopes , Silveira M. E. , Lahr F. A. R.
Published: June 2016

Beams are structural elements commonly used in structure for construction designs. Usually wood is applied as structural elements and its use is very important because it is a material of renewable source, low density and satisfactory mechanical performance. When the wood surface is not properly treated, the structure can be destroyed not only by environmental conditions but also the attack of insects, compromising the structural design. This research presents the use of a particulate composite material of epoxy resin reinforced with white Portland cement in order to be applied as repair in timber columns. The mechanical performance of this material is essentially numerical, based on the Finite Element Method. The wood used in the simulation was the Eucalyptus grandis. The elastic properties were obtained from the specialist literature in the field of timber structures. The results of numerical simulations in terms of tension and buckling loads, the inclusion of the composite in the damaged regions (for all dimensions of the defects studied) provided buckling load results significantly higher than the buckling load values for the conditions without composite, and near to the values of the buckling loads without defect, highlighting the good performance of the particulate composite material in the repair of timber columns.
Analysis of Acoustic Comfort - Classroms Campus Santa Mônica: Case Study
Authors: Santos Paulo Henrique dos , Souza Júnior Dogmar Antonio de , Santos Antonio Carlos dos
Published: June 2016

É cada vez maior a necessidade de atender as exigências dos usuários quanto ao conforto acústico nos mais diversos tipos de edificações. Considerando as atividades desenvolvidas em salas de aula e o que representam para o futuro de uma sociedade, a preocupação com o conforto destas salas na fase de projeto deveria ser ainda maior. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da análise do conforto acústico de salas de aula de dois prédios do Campus Santa Mônica da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU. Foram realizados estudos quanto a capacidade de absorção dos materiais e o tempo de reverberação de seis salas de aula, sendo três em cada prédio. Os resultados obtidos na análise foram comparados com os parâmetros normativos das normas ANSI S12.60:2010 e ABNT NBR 12179:1992, a fim de verificar se as salas apresentavam condições adequadas para as atividades de ensino-aprendizagem. Para tanto, após coleta de dados em campo foi determinado analiticamente os parâmetros de absorção sonora e tempo de reverberação. Foi constatado nesta condição as salas atendem as exigências normativas.
Accounting Rules and Post-Acquisition Profitability in Business Combinations
Authors: Dickinson Victoria , Wangerin Daniel D. , Wild John J.
Published: June 2016

SYNOPSIS:

Prior studies report a decline or no change in acquirers' profitability after a merger or business acquisition. Those studies, however, do not consider the downward impact on profitability that stems from use of the “purchase accounting” (and in later periods, “acquisition”) method for business combinations. Drawing on financial statement data from both targets and acquirers, we estimate the effects of the application of purchase/acquisition method accounting rules on post-acquisition profitability. We find that recognition rules for acquired inventories, deferred revenues, in-process research and development (IPR&D), and depreciation and amortization expense resulting from writing acquired assets up to fair value vis-á-vis purchase/acquisition accounting methods are all important sources of downward pressure in post-acquisition profitability. We find that investors and analysts appear to recognize the effects of IPR&D in assessing post-acquisition profitability of the combined entity. The findings also suggest that investors and analysts do not appear to fully incorporate the accounting effects related to inventories, deferred revenues, and depreciation and amortization expense for post-acquisition profitability.

Data Availability: All data are publicly available from sources identified.
The Effect of CEO Social Influence Pressure and CFO Accounting Experience on CFO Financial Reporting Decisions
Authors: Bishop Carol C. , DeZoort F. Todd , Hermanson Dana R.
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study is to test the effects of inappropriate CEO social influence pressure and CFO accounting experience on CFOs' reporting judgments and decisions. Specifically, we use a sample of 69 highly experienced public company CFOs to evaluate the extent that inappropriate compliance or obedience pressure from the CEO to revise financial reporting to meet an earnings target affects CFO revision decisions. The results indicate that compliance pressure (a request) and obedience pressure (an order) from the CEO significantly (and similarly) increase CFO willingness to revise their initial inventory adjustments. Although both types of pressure from CEOs impact CFOs' financial reporting decisions, compliance pressure did not create increased levels of perceived pressure. The results also reveal an inverse relation between CFO accounting experience and revision of the initial estimate. Finally, CFOs who acquiesce to CEO pressure maintain their personal responsibility for the adjustment, contrary to obedience theory, but consistent with the intent of SOX Section 302 certification requirements.
The Effect of a Superior's Perceived Expertise on the Predecisional Distortion of Evidence by Auditors
Authors: Kim Sarah , Harding Noel
Published: June 2016

Auditors have been shown to predecisionally distort the interpretation of evidence in a direction that favors the known preferences of their superior. This has the potential to adversely influence audit quality by threatening the objectivity with which evidence is evaluated. We, however, find results consistent with auditors perceiving their superior's known preference to be conveying normatively relevant information. Our results show, across both auditors from Australia and South Korea, that there are greater levels of predecisional distortion toward a preference held by a superior perceived to have relatively higher levels of expertise than toward a preference held by a superior perceived to have relatively lower levels of expertise. To the extent that auditors accurately perceive their superior's expertise, predecisional distortion of evidence may contribute to, rather than detract from, audit quality. Notwithstanding the potential for differences in hierarchical culture to influence the way in which auditors respond to the known preferences of their superior, our findings are consistent across auditors from Australia and South Korea. This suggests that the perceived expertise of the superior reduces the effect of hierarchical culture on the influence that a superior's known preference has on their subordinate's judgments.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Taxes, Investors, and Managers: Exploring the Taxation of Foreign Investors in U.S. REITs
Authors: Howard Margot , Pancak Katherine A. , Shackelford Douglas A.
Published: June 2016

Exploiting a 2004 reduction in a unique capital gains withholding tax for foreign investors in U.S. publicly traded REITs, this paper explores both the sensitivity of real estate investors to changes in their own taxes and the reaction of real estate managers to changes in their investors' taxes. We find that both foreign investors and REIT managers responded to the tax change. This is consistent with taxes both restricting the flow of foreign capital into U.S. REITs and affecting the management of their real estate properties. To our knowledge, this is the first paper documenting that U.S. managers change their U.S. operations in response to the tax positions of foreign investors. This work should spur further study of the interplay between real estate and income taxes, the role of taxes on foreign portfolio investment, and the role of taxes on real managerial decisions. It should also be informative to policymakers who recently relaxed the discriminatory tax treatment for foreign investors in U.S. real estate after considering the issue for many years.
A Single-Blind Randomized Trial About the Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration on Light-Activated Bleaching
Authors: Mena-Serrano AP , Garcia E , Luque-Martinez I , Grande RHM , Loguercio AD , Reis A
Published: June 2016

Objective: To compare the bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity (TS) of two hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentrations (20% and 35%) used for in-office bleaching associated or not with a light-emitting diode (LED)/laser light activation.

Method: Seventy-seven patients with a right maxillary canine darker than A3 were selected for this single-blind randomized trial. The participants were distributed in four groups: bleaching with 35% HP, 35% HP + LED/laser, 20% HP, and 20% HP + LED/laser. The anterior teeth were bleached in two sessions, using a 35% or 20% HP gel with a one-week interval. Each session had three applications of 15 minutes. For the light-activated groups, the LED/laser energy (Whitening Laser Light Plus, DMC) was employed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The color change was evaluated by subjective and objective methods. Participants recorded TS with five-point verbal and visual analog scales. Color change in ΔE was evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05) and in ΔSGU with Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn test. The absolute risk of TS and TS intensity were evaluated by Fisher exact test and Kruskall-Wallis test, respectively (α=0.05).

Results: All groups achieved the same level of whitening, except for the 20% HP group, which showed the lowest degree of whitening in the subjective analysis. The use of light did not increase the absolute risk or intensity of TS. No significant difference among groups was observed when color changes were assessed with the spectrophotometer.

Conclusion: According to the value-oriented shade guide, the use of LED/laser light activation was able to increase the degree of whitening of the 20% HP group, but this association was not useful for the 35% HP gel. The spectrophotometer, however, did not detect significant differences among groups.
Four-year Follow-up of a Direct Anatomical Fiber Post and Esthetic Procedures: A Case Report
Authors: Cardenas AFM , Siqueira FSF , Davila-Sanchez A , Gomes GM , Reis A , Gomes JC
Published: June 2016

Knowledge about the stability of fiber posts cemented in widened canal spaces over time is scarce in the literature. Thus, the purpose of this case report was to evaluate the performance of a direct anatomical post in a widened canal space over the course of four years. The present clinical case describes the rehabilitation of a widened canal space using a direct anatomical post (a resin composite combined with a prefabricated glass fiber post) associated with an all-ceramic crown and other restorative procedures. This technique is easy to perform and may solve some of the problems associated with the cementation of a poorly adapted fiber post in a widened canal space.
Influence of Etching Mode on Enamel Bond Durability of Universal Adhesive Systems
Authors: Suzuki T , Takamizawa T , Barkmeier WW , Tsujimoto A , Endo H , Erickson RL , Latta MA , Miyazaki M
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the enamel bond durability of three universal adhesives in different etching modes through fatigue testing. The three universal adhesives used were Scotchbond Universal, Prime&Bond Elect universal dental adhesive, and All-Bond Universal light-cured dental adhesive. A single-step self-etch adhesive, Clearfil S3 Bond Plus was used as a control. The shear bond strength (SBS) and shear fatigue strength (SFS) to human enamel were evaluated in total-etch mode and self-etch mode. A stainless steel metal ring with an internal diameter of 2.4 mm was used to bond the resin composite to the flat-ground (4000-grit) tooth surfaces for determination of both SBS and SFS. For each enamel surface treatment, 15 specimens were prepared for SBS and 30 specimens for SFS. The staircase method for fatigue testing was then used to determine the SFS of the resin composite bonded to the enamel using 10-Hz frequencies for 50,000 cycles or until failure occurred. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe representative debonded specimen surfaces and the resin-enamel interfaces. A two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test were used for analysis of the SBS data, whereas a modified t-test with Bonferroni correction was used for the SFS data. All adhesives in total-etch mode showed significantly higher SBS and SFS values than those in self-etch mode. Although All-Bond Universal in self-etch mode showed a significantly lower SBS value than the other adhesives, there was no significant difference in SFS values among the adhesives in this mode. All adhesives showed higher SFS:SBS ratios in total-etch mode than in self-etch mode. With regard to the adhesive systems used in this study, universal adhesives showed higher enamel bond strengths in total-etch mode. Although the influence of different etching modes on the enamel-bonding performance of universal adhesives was found to be dependent on the adhesive material, total-etch mode effectively increased the enamel bond strength and durability, as measured by fatigue testing.
The effects of lidocaine or a lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture administered into the infraorbital canal in dogs
Authors: Pascoe Peter J.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine the onset, duration, and extent of regional nerve blocks performed by administration of lidocaine or lidocaine-bupivacaine into the infraorbital canal in dogs.

ANIMALS 6 healthy hound-type dogs.

PROCEDURES Under general anesthesia, stimulating needles were inserted into the gingiva dorsolateral to both maxillary canine (MC) teeth and the maxillary fourth premolar (MPM4) and second molar (MM2) teeth on the treatment side. A reflex-evoked muscle potential (REMP) was recorded from the digastricus muscle after noxious electrical stimulation at each site. After baseline measurements, 1 mL of 2% lidocaine solution or a 2% lidocaine-0.5% bupivacaine mixture (0.5 mL each) was injected into the infraorbital canal (at approx two-thirds of the canal length measured rostrocaudally). The REMPs were recorded for up to 7 hours. The REMP data for the contralateral (untreated control) canine tooth were used to normalize results for all stimulation sites.

RESULTS With both treatments, nerve block for MC teeth on the treated side was achieved by 5 (n = 5 dogs) or 10 (1) minutes after injection, but nerve block for ipsilateral MPM4 and MM2 teeth was successful for only 3 dogs and 1 dog, respectively. Mean duration of nerve blocks for MC teeth was 120 and 277 minutes following injection of lidocaine and lidocaine-bupivacaine, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Local anesthesia, as performed in this study, successfully blocked innervation of MC teeth, but results for MPM4 and MM2 teeth were inconsistent. This specific technique should not be used during tooth extractions caudal to the MC teeth.
Safety and toxicokinetic profiles associated with daily oral administration of grapiprant, a selective antagonist of the prostaglandin E2 EP4 receptor, to cats
Authors: Rausch-Derra Lesley C. , Rhodes Linda
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety and toxicokinetic profiles associated with daily oral administration of grapiprant, a new analgesic that selectively blocks the prostaglandin E2 EP4 receptor, to cats.

ANIMALS 24 healthy domestic shorthair cats (12 males and 12 females).

PROCEDURES Cats were randomly assigned (3 of each sex/group) to receive a placebo capsule or grapiprant at 3, 9, or 15 mg/kg, administered PO once daily for 28 days, beginning on day 0. Food consumption and behavior were observed daily, body weight was measured weekly, and clinicopathologic tests were performed on blood and urine samples collected on days −7, 14, and 25. Blood samples for toxicokinetic analyses were collected after treatment on days 0 and 27. Cats were euthanized on day 28, and full necropsies and histologic evaluations were performed.

RESULTS Grapiprant rapidly reached peak serum concentrations and maintained substantial concentrations throughout the 28-day period. By day 27, maximum serum concentrations ranged from 683 ng/mL to 4,950 ng/mL, which were attained by 1 to 4 hours after administration. Serum half-lives on day 27 ranged from approximately 2 to 14 hours (median, approx 5 to 6 hours). Grapiprant was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were detected at doses ≤ 15 mg/kg. No significant effects of grapiprant were identified on body weight, food consumption, clinicopathologic variables, or gross or histologic necropsy findings.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested the safety of daily oral administration of grapiprant to cats. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of grapiprant for treatment of cats with osteoarthritis.
Assessment of the effects of dalteparin on coagulation variables and determination of a treatment schedule for use in cats
Authors: Schönig Jette C. , Mischke Reinhard H.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine a treatment protocol for SC administration of dalteparin to cats on the basis of currently available detailed pharmacokinetic data and to assess the effect of SC administration of dalteparin to cats on coagulation variables such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time, and results for thromboelastometry, compared with effects on anti–activated coagulation factor X (anti-Xa) activity.

ANIMALS 6 healthy domestic shorthair cats.

PROCEDURES Cats received 14 injections of dalteparin (75 anti-Xa U/kg, SC) at 6-hour intervals. Blood samples were collected before and 2 hours after the first and second injections on days 1, 2, and 4. Anti-Xa activity was measured by use of a chromogenic substrate assay, aPTT and thrombin time were measured by use of an automated coagulometer, and viscoelastic measurements were obtained with thromboelastrometry.

RESULTS 2 hours after the second injection, the target peak anti-Xa activity range of 0.5 to 1.0 U/mL was achieved in all cats, whereas median trough values remained below this range. Peak anti-Xa activity had only minimal effects on coagulation variables; the maximum median ratio for aPTT (in relationship to the value before the first dalteparin injection) was 1.23.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this study indicated that this treatment protocol resulted in reproducible anti-Xa activity in cats that was mostly within the targeted peak range of anti-Xa activity recommended for humans. Treatment in accordance with this protocol may not require routine coagulation monitoring of cats, but this must be confirmed in feline patients.
Effect of infusion of equine plasma or 6% hydroxyethyl starch (600/0.75) solution on plasma colloid osmotic pressure in healthy horses
Authors: McKenzie Erica C. , Esser Melissa M. , McNitt Sarah E. , Payton Mark E.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of equivalent volumes of equine plasma and 6% hydroxyethyl starch (600/0.75) solution (hetastarch) administered IV on plasma colloid osmotic pressure (pCOP) and commonly monitored clinicopathologic variables in horses.

ANIMALS 6 healthy mares.

PROCEDURES In a randomized, crossover study, horses were administered hetastarch or plasma (both 10 mL/kg, IV) 18 months apart. The pCOP and variables of interest were measured before (baseline), immediately after, and at intervals up to 96 or 120 hours after infusion. Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were measured before and at 2 and 8 hours after each infusion.

RESULTS Prior to hetastarch and plasma infusions, mean ± SEM pCOP was 19.4 ± 0.5 mm Hg and 19.4 ± 0.8 mm Hg, respectively. In general, hetastarch and plasma infusions comparably increased pCOP from baseline for 48 hours, with maximum increases of 2.0 and 2.3 mm Hg, respectively. Mean Hct and hemoglobin, total protein, and albumin concentrations were decreased for a period of 72, 96, or 120 hours after hetastarch infusion with maximum decrements of 8.8%, 3.2 g/dL, 1.2 g/dL, and 0.6 g/dL, respectively. Plasma infusion decreased (albeit not always significantly) hemoglobin concentration and Hct for 20 and 24 hours (maximum changes of 1.5 g/dL and 6.6%, respectively) and increased total solids concentration (maximum change of 0.6 g/dL) for 48 hours. Platelet count and coagulation times were minimally affected.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall, the hetastarch and plasma infusions comparably increased pCOP in healthy horses for up to 48 hours. Hetastarch induced greater, more persistent perturbations in clinicopathologic variables.
Comparison of the expression, activity, and fecal concentration of intestinal alkaline phosphatase between healthy dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathy
Authors: Ide Kaori , Kato Kazuki , Sawa Yuki , Hayashi Akiko , Takizawa Rei , Nishifuji Koji
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE To compare expression, activity, and fecal concentration of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) between healthy dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE).

ANIMALS 9 healthy university-owned Beagles and 109 healthy client-owned dogs (controls) and 28 dogs with CE (cases).

PROCEDURES Cases were defined as dogs with persistent (> 3 weeks) gastrointestinal signs that failed to respond to antimicrobials and anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone or dietary trials, did not have mechanical gastrointestinal abnormalities as determined by abdominal radiography and ultrasonography, and had a diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic enteritis or eosinophilic gastroenteritis on histologic examination of biopsy specimens. Duodenal and colonic mucosa biopsy specimens were obtained from the 9 university-owned Beagles and all cases for histologic examination and determination of IAP expression (by real-time quantitative PCR assay) and activity (by enzyme histochemical analysis). Fecal samples were obtained from all dogs for determination of fecal IAP concentration by a quantitative enzyme reaction assay.

RESULTS For dogs evaluated, IAP expression and activity were localized at the luminal side of epithelial cells in the mucosa and intestinal crypts, although both were greater in the duodenum than in the colon. Active IAP was detected in the feces of all dogs. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase expression and activity were lower for cases than for controls, and fecal IAP concentration for dogs with moderate and severe CE was lower than that for dogs with mild CE.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that dogs with CE had impaired IAP expression and activity. Additional research is necessary to elucidate the role of IAP in the pathogenesis of CE.
Assessment of novel digital and smartphone goniometers for measurement of canine stifle joint angles
Authors: Freund Kristin A. , Kieves Nina R. , Hart Juliette L. , Foster Sasha A. , Jeffery Unity , Duerr Felix M.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate accuracy and reliability of 3 novel goniometers for measurement of canine stifle joint angles and compare the results with those obtained with a universal goniometer (UG).

SAMPLE 8 pelvic limbs from 4 canine cadavers.

PROCEDURES Each limb was secured to a wooden platform at 3 arbitrarily selected fixed stifle joint angles. Goniometry was performed with 2 smartphone-based applications (novel goniometers A and B), a digital goniometer (novel goniometer C), and a UG; 3 evaluators performed measurements in triplicate for each angle with each device. Results were compared with stifle joint angle measurements on radiographs (used as a gold standard). Accuracy was determined by calculation of bias and total error, coefficients of variation were calculated to estimate reliability, and strength of linear association between radiographic and goniometer measurements was assessed by calculation of correlation coefficients.

RESULTS Mean coefficient of variation was lowest for the UG (4.88%), followed by novel goniometers B (7.37%), A (7.57%), and C (12.71%). Correlation with radiographic measurements was highest for the UG (r = 0.97), followed by novel goniometers B (0.93), A (0.90), and C (0.78). Constant bias was present for all devices except novel goniometer B. The UG and novel goniometer A had positive constant bias; novel goniometer C had negative constant bias. Total error at 50° and 100° angles was > 5% for all devices.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE None of the devices accurately represented radiographically measured stifle joint angles. Additional veterinary studies are indicated prior to the use of novel goniometers in dogs.
Assessment of regeneration in meniscal lesions by use of mesenchymal stem cells derived from equine bone marrow and adipose tissue
Authors: González-Fernández Maria L. , Pérez-Castrillo Saúl , Sánchez-Lázaro Jaime A. , Prieto-Fernández Julio G. , López-González Maria E. , Lobato-Pérez Sandra , Colaço Bruno J. , Olivera Elías R. , Villar-Suárez Vega
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE To assess the ability to regenerate an equine meniscus by use of a collagen repair patch (scaffold) seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM) or adipose tissue (AT).

SAMPLE 6 female Hispano-Breton horses between 4 and 7 years of age; MSCs from BM and AT were obtained for the in vitro experiment, and the horses were subsequently used for the in vivo experiment.

PROCEDURES Similarities and differences between MSCs derived from BM or AT were investigated in vitro by use of cell culture. In vivo assessment involved use of a meniscus defect and implantation on a scaffold. Horses were allocated into 2 groups. In one group, defects in the medial meniscus were treated with MSCs derived from BM, whereas in the other group, defects were treated with MSCs derived from AT. Defects were created in the contralateral stifle joint but were not treated (control samples).

RESULTS Both types of MSCs had universal stem cell characteristics. For in vivo testing, at 12 months after treatment, treated defects were regenerated with fibrocartilaginous tissue, whereas untreated defects were partially repaired or not repaired.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that MSCs derived from AT could be a good alternative to MSCs derived from BM for use in regenerative treatments. Results also were promising for a stem cell-based implant for use in regeneration in meniscal lesions.

IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE Because of similarities in joint disease between horses and humans, these results could have applications in humans.
Seasonal adjustment of hybrid time series: An application to U.S. regional jobs data
Authors: Phillips Keith R. , Wang Jianguo
Published: June 2016

Hybrid time series data often require special care in estimating seasonal factors. Series such as the state and metro area Current Employment Statistics produced by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) are composed of two different source series that often have two different seasonal patterns. In this paper we address the process to test for differing seasonal patterns within the hybrid series. We also discuss how to apply differing seasonal factors to the separate parts of the hybrid series. Currently, for state employment data, the BLS simply juxtaposes the two different sets of seasonal factors at the transition point between the benchmark part of the data and the survey part. We argue that the seasonal factors should be extrapolated at the transition point or that an adjustment should be made to the level of the unadjusted data to correct for a bias in the survey part of the data caused by differing seasonal factors at the transition month.
Medical Quiz: SBA  Answers Vol. 5
Authors: Samad Tabassum , Haque Hasna Fahmima , Haque Wasim Md Mohosinul
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableBirdem Med J 2015; 5(1) Supplement: 72
of zinc fractions in relation to properties of some soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Kalpana , Hossain Md Faruque , Parveen Zakia
Published: June 2016

An investigation was conducted to determine the distribution and concentrations of different forms of Zn in the soils of Gazipur. Gerua, Kalma and Khilgaon soil series were identified in three land types, named as highland, medium high land and medium low land, respectively. Soil samples were collected from each soil series at three different depth such as surface (0 -15 cm), subsurface (15 -40 cm) and substratum (40 cm+) to determine soil characteristics and the distribution pattern of Zn fractions. Results indicated that amount of total Zn varied significantly, ranges from 14.99 to 36.11 ?g/g at different depth of different land types. Moreover, the purpose of the sequential extraction or fractionation was to find out the Zn in the exchangeable (Exch.), organic matter (Org.) bound, Mn oxide (Mn-O), amorphous Fe oxide (Am. Fe-O), crystalline Fe oxide (Crys. Fe-O) and residual (Res.) fractions. In Gerua, Kalma and Khilgaon soils, Zn concentrations predominated in Res. followed by Crys. Fe-O and Am. Fe-O fractions. Results reflected that soil properties influence the distribution of different Zn fractions in soils.Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 25(1): 19-25, 2016
Effects of salinity changes on growth performance and survival of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1795)
Authors: Nahar Faijun , Haque Wahida , Ahsan Dewan Ali , Mustafa Md Ghulam
Published: June 2016

An experiment was carried out to find the salinity tolerance capability and growth performance of Climbing Perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1795). Anabas testudineus commonly cultured fish in Bangladesh was reared in laboratory conditions at different salinities of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 for 60 days. Hundred per cent survivals were detected at 0, 3, 6 and 9 salinity while 100% mortality was recorded at 18 and 21 salinity. Various responses to threat and feeding were observed among the fish in different treatments. Lowest feed conversion ratio was found in the control group while the highest was detected at 15 salinity. On the other hand, decreasing trend of specific growth and average growth rate were observed in A. testudineus fingerlings from 0 to 15 salinity. Significantly higher specific growth rate and average growth rate were detected in A. testudineus fingerlings reared at 0 - 6 salinity (p < 0.05). The present study suggests that Climbing Perch fingerlings can be reared at fresh water growth rates in coastal water with salinity up to 6.Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 25(1): 65-73, 2016
Accumulation of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb due to brick manufacturing in agricultutral soils and plants
Authors: Sikder Abdul Halim Farhad , Khanom Sayma , Hossain Md Faruque , Parveen Zakia
Published: June 2016

Experiment was carried out to assess the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn in agricultural soil and plant near selected brick kilns. Soils and plants samples were collected from four points such as 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 m away from brick kilns. Three metals were found at elevated levels in the soils near brick kilns such as, Pb (92.5 to 214 mg/kg), Zn (86 to 156 mg/kg) and Cu (24.7 to 46.9 mg/kg). It may be caused due to burning of poor quality coal and fire woods. The uptake of heavy metals in the nearest areas (250 m) of the brick kilns was significantly higher than the areas far from the brick production and their concentrations range from 7 to 543 mg/kg for Pb, 23 to 101 mg/kg for Zn, 10 to 41 mg/kg for Cu, 35 to 1309 mg/kg for Fe and 26 to 126 mg/kg for Mn. Results indicated that soils and plants accumulated maximum amount of micronutrients within 500 to 1000 m distance from brick kilns significantly decreased with distance. Iron and manganese were not polluting the soils near brick kilns but affecting the plants. Therefore, it can be suggested that no agricultural crops should be grown within 1000 m distance from a brick kiln.Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 25(1): 75-81, 2016
Gallic Acid Derivatives (GADs) from Loranthus micranthus Linn. Parasitic on Hevea brasiliensis with Antioxidative Capacity
Authors: Agbo Matthias Onyebuchi , Ezealisiji Kenneth Maduabuchi , Parker Joshua Elijah , Ukekwe Francis Ikechukwu , Obonga Wilfred Ofem
Published: June 2016

Semi-preparative High Liquid Column Chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of a methanol extract of the leaves of Loranthus micranthus Linn. parasitic on Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) led to the isolation of two gallic acid derivatives (1-2). The structures of the compounds were solved by using spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data) as well as by comparison with literature values. The compounds were identified as 3,4,5-tri-O-methyl gallic acid (1) and methyl 3-O-methyl gallate (2). The antioxidant activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated by using DPPH assay. Compounds 1 and 2 showed strong antioxidative capacity with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 10.0 ± 0.03 and 45.0 ± 0.02 ?M, respectively.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 139-145, 2015 (December)
Studies of the Effect of Storage Conditions on Some Pharmaceutical Parameters of Powders and Tablets
Authors: Gbenga Bakre Lateef , Taiwo Yusuf
Published: June 2016

This study evaluates the effect of storage conditions on some pharmaceutical parameters of powders (paracetamol, corn starch, tragacanth and polyvinyl pyrrolidone) and tablets (paracetamol, metronidazole and vitamin C). For powdered samples, angle of repose, bulk and tapped densities were determined while the tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability and disintegration before and after exposure to various humidity conditions, radiations from telecommunication mast and sunlight at intervals of 24 hrs & 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The results showed a decrease in the angle of repose for paracetamol, corn starch, polyvinyl pyrollidone and tragacanth powders on exposure to sunlight. There was no significant (p>0.05) change in the tapped and bulk densities under the different storage conditions over the storage period. No organoleptic changes were observed for any of the samples stored under the environmental conditions over the two-month period. All the tablets stored over the two- month period conformed to the official BP standard for weight uniformity. Paracetamol tablets exposed to 93% relative humidity (RH) showed significantly lower reduction (P<0.05) in hardness compared to the other storage conditions. On prolonged exposure of paracetamol and metronidazole tablets to radiation from telecommunication mast, there was a reduction in tablet hardness and the tablets became friable. The observations of the present study reconfirm the role of storage conditions in ensuring the physical stability of pharmaceutical powders and tablets.\Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 147-151, 2015 (December)
In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Leaf Extracts of Adhatoda vasica Nees (Acanthaceae) Against Eudrilus eugeniae
Authors: Bhinge Somnath D , Desai Prachi , Magdum Chandrakant S
Published: June 2016

The present study specifically indicated that the crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Adhatoda vasica Nees produced anthelmintic activity against african earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Various concentrations (10, 25, 50 mg/ml) of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were evaluated in the bioassay involving determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms. Albendazole was used as standard anthelmintic drug and distilled water was used as negative control. The results of the present study indicated that the ethanolic and aqueous extracts significantly exhibited paralysis of worms in lower doses (10, 25 and 50 mg/ml) and also caused death of worms at higher concentration of 50 mg/ml, as compared to standard drug. Further studies are in process to isolate the active principle responsible for the activity.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 153-155, 2015 (December)
Epidemiology of Congenital Anomalies among the Children born in Different Hospitals under Sylhet Division in Bangladesh- a Retrospective Study
Authors: Shuma Madhabi Lata , Halder Shimul , Datta Bidyut Kanti
Published: June 2016

Congenital anomalies play a significant role in perinatal and neonatal mortality. Frequency of these congenital anomalies varies in different populations. Epidemiology is the study of frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in populations. The mission of epidemiology is to contribute to the understanding of etiology and prevention of disease and to improve the health of public through excellence in research. So, this study was conducted to find out proportion, types and immediate outcome of congenital anomalies. In this retrospective and cross-sectional study all patients admitted with congenital anomalies in different hospitals of Sylhet division in Bangladesh from October 2012 to January 2013 (04 months) were included. At first, the patients were examined for major and minor congenital anomalies and recorded properly. Diagnosis of congenital anomalies was based on ultrasonography and clinical evaluation of the fetus/newborn by experienced neonatologist. Major and minor congenital anomalies were categorized depending on their life threatening effects. Various data which were obtained was analyzed by using SPSS 13. Rates and proportions were calculated with 95% confidence interval. The proportions were compared using students T-test. Level of significance was set at P<0.05.The most frequently occurring anomalies involved the central nervous system (28.33%) of which myelomeningocele was the commonest CNS defect (9.09%). According to data, females were more susceptible to myelomeningocele than the male patients. The second frequently occurring congenital anomaly was associated with cardiovascular system (15%). Patients with urogenital anomalies (6.67%) were male, except for one who had ambiguous genitalia. Congenital anomaly associated with gastrointestinal -, respiratory -, musculoskeletal -, chromosomal - and dysmorphism were noted as 11.67%, 5%, 6.67%, 5% and 3.33%, respectively. About 11% congenital anomalies were found to be linked to other body part system. After analysis of mothers lifestyle, it was likely to conclude that more stress and efforts should be given on the role of peri-conceptional vitamin supplementation to the pregnant mother. Folic acid was found to be the primary agent for prevention of congenital defects.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 225-230, 2015 (December)
Structural and Optical Characterization of Magnesium Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Biswas Mitali , Sharmin Mehnaz , Das Chitra , Poddar Jibon , Choudhury Shamima
Published: June 2016

Pure and magnesium (Mg) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were prepared onto clean glass substrate by spray pyrolysis (SP) technique at the substrate temperature of 300°C. Various optical parameters such as absorption co-efficient, band gap energy, refractive index, extinction coefficient of the thin films were studied using UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer in the photon wavelength range of 300-2500 nm. Optical band gap increased from 3.24 to 3.46 eV with the increase of Mg concentration from 0 to 40%. Transmittance and refractive index of the Mg doped ZnO thin films decreased due to the increase of Mg concentration. The EDX spectra confirmed the increase of Mg and consequent reduction in Zn content in the Mg doped ZnO thin films. Pure and Mg- doped ZnO films were annealed at 425°C for 1 hour. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of the annealed films showed hexagonal type of polycry-stalline structure with the preferred orientation along (101) plane with some other peaks (100), (002), (102), (110), (103) and (112). From the XRD patterns it was found that grain size decreased from 63.45 to 36.56 nm, lattice constant _ and c remained almost constant with Mg doping concentration.Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(1): 1-6, 2016 (January)
Cyclic Voltammetric Study of the Interaction of Biologically Important Metal Ion with Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Das Milton C , Biswas Rajib , Akter Humaiara , Haque MA , Bakshi PK , Shaikh AA
Published: June 2016

Electrochemical studies on the interaction of Fe(III) with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole and rabeprazole) in acetate buffer solution were carried out at gassy carbon electrode (GCE) at various pH (3.5, 4.0 and 4.5). In presence of omeprazole (Ome), the anodic and cathodic peak current for Fe(III) decreased in comparison to solely Fe(III). However, in some cases both the peaks were almost disappeared. Moreover, anodic and cathodic peaks shifted significantly towards negative potential. This is an indication that a strong interaction occurred between Fe(III) and Ome. The maximum interaction is found at 1:2 molar ratio of Fe(III) and Ome at above mentioned pH. The electrochemical interaction of Fe(III) and other PPIs was found as identical with the behavior of Ome. The electrochemical study of the interactions between metal ions and PPIs would provide important information for the technological application of PPIs in human body.Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(1): 25-30, 2016 (January)
A Proposed Technique for Solving Quasi-Concave Quadratic Programming Problems with Bounded Variables by Objective Separable Method
Authors: Asadujjaman M , Hasan M Babul
Published: June 2016

In this paper, a new method namely, objective separable method based on Linear Programming with Bounded Variables Algorithm is proposed for finding an optimal solution to a Quasi-Concave Quadratic Programming Problems with Bounded Variables in which the objective function involves the product of two indefinite factorized linear functions and the constraint functions are in the form of linear inequalities. For developing this method, we use programming language MATHEMATICA. We also illustrate numerical examples to demonstrate our method.Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(1): 51-58, 2016 (January)
Dissipation of Cypermethrin in Bean and Cauliflower
Authors: Nahar Nilufar , Hossain Mohammad Motaher , Mahmud Md Nashir Uddin Al , Shoeb Mohammad , Latifa Gulshan Ara , Kabir Kamal Humayun
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableDhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(1): 89-90, 2016 (January)
A New Decomposition-Based Pricing Technique For Solving Large-Scale Mixed IP with a Computer Technique
Authors: Islam A , Hasan M Babul , Das HK
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we develop a new Decomposition-Based Pricing (DBP) procedure to filter the unnecessary decision ingredients from large scale mixed integer programming (MIP) problem, where the variables are in huge number will be abated and the complicacy of restrictions will be straightforward. We then develop a generalized computer technique corresponding to our new DBP method by using the programming language A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL). A number of examples have been illustrated to demonstrate our method.GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 34 (2014) 5-20
Commutatively of Prime and Semiprime ?-Rings with Symmetric BI-Derivations
Authors: Dey Kalyan Kumar , Paul Akhil Chandra
Published: June 2016

Let M be a ?-ring and let D: M x M ->M be a symmetric bi-derivation with the trace d: M -> M denoted by d(x) = D(x, x) for all x?M. The objective of this paper is to prove some results concerning symmetric bi-derivation on prime and semiprime ?-rings. If M is a 2-torsion free prime ?-ring and D ? 0 be a symmetric bi-derivation with the trace d having the property d(x)?x - x?d(x) = 0 for all x?M and ???, then M is commutative. We also prove another result in ?-rings setting analogous to that of Posner for prime rings.GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 34 (2014) 27-33
Numerical Simulation of a Second Order Traffic Flow Model
Authors: Azam Tauhedul , Pandit MK , Andallah LS
Published: June 2016

A second order fluid dynamical traffic flow model is considered which is a parabolic type second order partial differential equation appended with initial and boundary conditions reads as an initial boundary value problem (IBVP). For a linear velocity-density relation the paper presents the analytical solution of the model by using Cole-Hopf transformation. For the numerical solution of the IBVP, we investigate explicit central difference scheme and implement the numerical scheme by developing computer programming code. Error estimation is produced which shows the numerical solution is accurate up to eight decimal places and this result is much better than the work presented in [6]. The numerical feature of rate of convergence observed by graphical presentation is also found better than the previous work. The computed numerical simulation results are seen in a good qualitative agreement with the well known traffic flow behavior for various parameters.GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 34 (2014) 101-110
Fuzzy Version of Secant Method to Solve Fuzzy Non-Linear Equations
Authors: Saha Goutam Kumar , Shirin Shapla
Published: June 2016

In this paper fuzzy version of secant method has been introduced to obtain approximate solutions of a fuzzy non-linear equation. Graphical representations of the approximate solutions have also been shown. The idea of converging to the root to the desired degree of accuracy, which is the optimum solution, of a fuzzy non-linear equation has been focused.GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 35 (2015) 127-134
On First Looking into Derrida's Glas
Authors: Miller J. Hillis
Published: June 2016

This essay attempts to ‘read’ the first page of Jacques Derrida's Glas, while at the same time reporting as best I can what actually goes on when I make this effort of reading. I try to exemplify in detail my claim that what goes on in reading is much stranger and more complex that one might think. An intricate series of events took place when I first received Glas in the mail and opened it, reading first the single-sheet insert and then looking at the cover, the title page, and, finally, the first page of the text proper. In my case, at least, in addition to trying to make sense of the words on the page, all sorts of somatic and affective responses were involved, as well as a constant unsuccessful attempt to create a coherent mental image based not only on the way the words are arranged on the page (in two columns), but also on the bewildering complexity of what the words say.