bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autism-associated variants of neuroligin 4X impair synaptogenic activity by various molecular mechanisms
Authors: Yumoto Takafumi , Kimura Misaki , Nagatomo Ryota , Sato Tsukika , Utsunomiya Shun , Aoki Natsue , Kitaura Motoji , Takahashi Koji , Takemoto Hiroshi , Watanabe Hirotaka , Okano Hideyuki , Yoshida Fumiaki , Nao Yosuke , Tomita Taisuke
Published: September 2020

Background

Several genetic alterations, including point mutations and copy number variations in NLGN genes, have been associated with psychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). NLGN genes encode neuroligin (NL) proteins, which are adhesion molecules that are important for proper synaptic formation and maturation. Previously, we and others found that the expression level of murine NL1 is regulated by proteolytic processing in a synaptic activity-dependent manner.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed the effects of missense variants associated with ASD and XLMR on the metabolism and function of NL4X, a protein which is encoded by the NLGN4X gene and is expressed only in humans, using cultured cells, primary neurons from rodents, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons.

Results

NL4X was found to undergo proteolytic processing in human neuronal cells. Almost all NL4X variants caused a substantial decrease in the levels of mature NL4X and its synaptogenic activity in a heterologous culture system. Intriguingly, the L593F variant of NL4X accelerated the proteolysis of mature NL4X proteins located on the cell surface. In contrast, other variants decreased the cell-surface trafficking of NL4X. Notably, protease inhibitors as well as chemical chaperones rescued the expression of mature NL4X.

Limitations

Our study did not reveal whether these dysfunctional phenotypes occurred in individuals carrying NLGN4X variant. Moreover, though these pathological mechanisms could be exploited as potential drug targets for ASD, it remains unclear whether these compounds would have beneficial effects on ASD model animals and patients.

Conclusions

These data suggest that reduced amounts of the functional NL4X protein on the cell surface is a common mechanism by which point mutants of the NL4X protein cause psychiatric disorders, although different molecular mechanisms are thought to be involved. Furthermore, these results highlight that the precision medicine approach based on genetic and cell biological analyses is important for the development of therapeutics for psychiatric disorders.
CompRet: a comprehensive recommendation framework for chemical synthesis planning with algorithmic enumeration
Authors: Shibukawa Ryosuke , Ishida Shoichi , Yoshizoe Kazuki , Wasa Kunihiro , Takasu Kiyosei , Okuno Yasushi , Terayama Kei , Tsuda Koji
Published: September 2020

In computer-assisted synthesis planning (CASP) programs, providing as many chemical synthetic routes as possible is essential for considering optimal and alternative routes in a chemical reaction network. As the majority of CASP programs have been designed to provide one or a few optimal routes, it is likely that the desired one will not be included. To avoid this, an exact algorithm that lists possible synthetic routes within the chemical reaction network is required, alongside a recommendation of synthetic routes that meet specified criteria based on the chemist’s objectives. Herein, we propose a chemical-reaction-network-based synthetic route recommendation framework called “CompRet” with a mathematically guaranteed enumeration algorithm. In a preliminary experiment, CompRet was shown to successfully provide alternative routes for a known antihistaminic drug, cetirizine. CompRet is expected to promote desirable enumeration-based chemical synthesis searches and aid the development of an interactive CASP framework for chemists.
An open source chemical structure curation pipeline using RDKit
Authors: Bento A. Patrícia , Hersey Anne , Félix Eloy , Landrum Greg , Gaulton Anna , Atkinson Francis , Bellis Louisa J. , De Veij Marleen , Leach Andrew R.
Published: September 2020

Background

The ChEMBL database is one of a number of public databases that contain bioactivity data on small molecule compounds curated from diverse sources. Incoming compounds are typically not standardised according to consistent rules. In order to maintain the quality of the final database and to easily compare and integrate data on the same compound from different sources it is necessary for the chemical structures in the database to be appropriately standardised.

Results

A chemical curation pipeline has been developed using the open source toolkit RDKit. It comprises three components: a Checker to test the validity of chemical structures and flag any serious errors; a Standardizer which formats compounds according to defined rules and conventions and a GetParent component that removes any salts and solvents from the compound to create its parent. This pipeline has been applied to the latest version of the ChEMBL database as well as uncurated datasets from other sources to test the robustness of the process and to identify common issues in database molecular structures.

Conclusion

All the components of the structure pipeline have been made freely available for other researchers to use and adapt for their own use. The code is available in a GitHub repository and it can also be accessed via the ChEMBL Beaker webservices. It has been used successfully to standardise the nearly 2 million compounds in the ChEMBL database and the compound validity checker has been used to identify compounds with the most serious issues so that they can be prioritised for manual curation.
Non-destructive collection survey of the historical Classense Library. Part I: Paper characterisation
Authors: Brown Natalie , Coppola Floriana , Modelli Alberto , Amicucci Floriana , Lichtblau Dirk , Strlič Matija
Published: September 2020

An innovative survey was conducted of the collections of the historical Biblioteca Classense, located in the urban area of Ravenna (Northern Italy). The survey aimed to evaluate the current conservation state of the book collections, where 297 paper-based items, including incunabula, manuscripts and books, dating from the 14th to the 20th century, were selected for analysis. This innovative survey was carried out non-destructively by assessing degradation visually and by measuring NIR spectral data followed by multivariate data analysis. Chemical and physical paper properties, important for paper characterisation and implementation of conservation strategies were determined, including paper type, pH, degree of polymerisation (DP), tensile strength, lignin, protein, and rosin content. This survey provided a significant quantitative dataset for rag paper covering a 600-year period. The analysis of DP changes over time allowed the first experimental estimation of the rate constant for historical rag paper, i.e., (4.2 ± 0.6)·10−7 year−1, which was validated with predictions based on the Collections Demography dose response function for historic paper taking into account the past climate in Ravenna. Statistical methods were employed to describe the correlations between the measured variables and different features of the books, suggesting that the degree of polymerisation can be used as a general proxy for rag paper mechanical strength.
Perception, pattern of use, partner support and determinants of uptake of family planning methods among women in rural communities in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Akamike Ifeyinwa Chizoba , Madubueze Ugochukwu Chinyem , Okedo-Alex Ijeoma Nkem , Anyigor Chika Julius , Azuogu Benedict Ndubueze , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David , Mbachu Chinyere Ojiugo
Published: September 2020

Background

Family planning is a cost-effective strategy for achieving population development. Family planning uptake is low in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. We assessed the perception, pattern of use, partner support and determinants of uptake of family planning methods among married women of reproductive age in rural communities of Ebonyi state.

Methods

This is part of a baseline report of a quasi-experimental study. A total of 484 married women of reproductive age were recruited using multistage sampling method. Four focus group discussions (men and women) and pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information from the participants. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software and thematic analysis. Chi-square test and logistic regression were carried out at 5% significance level.

Results

Only 26.2% of respondents were currently using any method of family planning. The most commonly used method was the natural method (57%). Amongst those who reported using artificial methods, 32.7% used condoms, 27.3% used implant while 23.64 and 16.4% used injectables and pills respectively. Predictors of current use of any family planning method were: older age (AOR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.01–3.00), having more than five children (AOR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.05–2.83), minimum of secondary level of education for respondent (AOR = 3.3, CI = 1.60–6.96) and their husband/partner (AOR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.05–3.92). Qualitative findings showed that only few families were using a method of family planning and those who did not practice family planning perceived it to interfere with God’s plan for fruitfulness and to be counter-productive to household income due to decreased manpower for agricultural activities. Poor partner involvement and support for family planning was also cited as a deterrent by both male and female participants.

Conclusions

Perception and use of family planning methods is poor in rural communities of Ebonyi state. Improving uptake of family planning methods in these rural communities will require proper demographic targeting as well as debunking fatalistic views, and cultural and religious myths around family planning.
Massive pulmonary thromboembolism combined with transient thyrotoxicosis in an 18 year old girl
Authors: Kim Tong-Yoon , Ihm Sang-Hyun , Roh Ji Woong , Lim Sungmin , Park Chan-Seok , Kim Hee-Yeol
Published: September 2020

Background

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is thought to usually stem from deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, evidence of DVT could not be found in many cases. Furthermore, transient thyrotoxicosis is a rare but potentially life–threatening emergency involving a systemic hypercoagulable state. We report on an 18 year-old-girl with transient thyrotoxicosis with massive PTE without DVT.

Case presentation

An 18-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital with syncope. Patient had no history of trauma, any known underlying disease or oral contraceptives use. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed massive PTE in both central pulmonary arteries and diffuse goiter. However, a low extremity Doppler sonogram did not detect DVT. To manage the PTE, we administered low molecular weight heparin. On the other hands, thyroid function test indicated a state of thyrotoxicosis. In addition, patient had a partial protein S deficiency but no other immunologic abnormality. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with massive PTE, thyrotoxicosis, and partial protein S deficiency. Patient was discharged with oral warfarin and methimazole. A follow-up echocardiogram obtained 3 months after anticoagulation therapy demonstrated normal dimensions and systolic function. After thyrotoxicosis was treated with methimazole for a month, a euthyroid state was achieved and the goiter decreased to a normal size. The methimazole was gradually tapered off and stopped at 4 months. At a 6-month follow up visit, PTE and pulmonary hypertension had disappeared but the patient still had a partial protein S deficiency. We decided to stop all medication with careful monitoring. During a 4-year follow-up period after the episode, she was asymptomatic without any evidence of recurrent systemic thromboembolism or hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions

Early recognition and appropriate treatment of PTE combined with transient thyrotoxicosis were vital to preventing other complications.
Reviews
Authors: Green William R.
Published: September 2020

Mathematical Geoenergy: Discovery, Depletion, and Renewal, by Paul Pukite, Dennis Coyne, and Daniel Challou, ISBN 978-1-119-43429-0, 2019, American Geophysical Union, 384 p., US$199.95 (print), US$159.99 (eBook).
Rich Pickings? Risk, Return, and Skill in Household Wealth
Authors: Bach Laurent , Calvet Laurent E. , Sodini Paolo
Published: September 2020

We investigate wealth returns on an administrative panel containing the disaggregated balance sheets of Swedish residents. The expected return on household net wealth is strongly persistent, determined primarily by systematic risk, and increasing in net worth, exceeding the risk-free rate by the size of the equity premium for households in the top 0.01 percent. Idiosyncratic risk is transitory but generates substantial long-term dispersion in returns in top brackets. Systematic and idiosyncratic risk both drive the cross-sectional distribution of the geometric average return over a generation. Furthermore, wealth returns explain most of the historical increase in top wealth shares. (JEL D31, G11, G51)
Health Literacy for Collegiate Dancers: Provision and Perceptions of Health-Related Education in University Dance Programs
Authors: Kozai Andrea , Ambegaonkar Jatin P.
Published: September 2020

Dancers have unique health issues, including high injury rates and functional, nutritional, and psychological concerns. Thererfore, developing dancers with high health literacy is crucial. This study examines 1. the types of health-related information offered in university dance programs,
and 2. the perceptions of dance stakeholders (administrators, faculty, and students) toward health-related education provided to dancers in these programs. Participating stakeholders (N = 104) from 11 countries completed a web-based survey examining health-related offerings for dance students
at their instituitions. Eighty-four participants (81%) indicated that health-related information was delivered at their instituition. The most commonly offered topics included functional dance anatomy (N = 82, 98%), recognizing dance injuries and illnesses (N = 66, 79%), and strength and conditioning
for dancers (N = 61, 73%). Participants rated recognizing dance injuries and illnesses (N = 72, 69%), basic personal health (N = 70, 67%), and nutrition (N = 68, 65%) as the top three "extremely important" topics, even if these were not offered at their institution. Faculty and administrators
reported similar attitudes toward topic importance as those reported by students. Fifty-five respondents (65%) reported textbooks were used to deliver health-related information, and content was also provided via journal articles (N = 58, 69%), organizational web sites (N = 39, 46%), and social
media (N = 16, 19%). Reported barriers to providing adequate education included lack of dance faculty expertise to deliver course content (N = 7) and receiving care from practitioners lacking in knowledge of dance medicine (N = 5). Participants generally agreed that making health-related information
available was important, and 81% of respondants indicated that it was formally offered at their institution. Variability was noted regarding topics rated "highly important," as compared to which topics were already provided. These findings offer insight into the current status of health-related
education provided to dance students and can be used to improve curricula in university dance programs.
On the Methodological Improvement of Audit Market Statistics
Authors: Guttsayt E.
Published: September 2020

The article outlines the main provisions of the concept of audit statistics. Th e introduction of a number of new indicators into the statistics of the market of audit services has been substantiated, their use in the analysis of this market has been shown, and procedures for their calculation have been proposed. Statistically illustrated a strong fall in the market for audit services after 2008. Great attention has been paid to audit statistics of socially significant organizations. The issues of reliability of audit statistics are briefly reviewed. A number of recommendations are given regarding changes to the main annual document on the statistical study of the state of the market for audit services.
Seasonal Fluctuation in Thermoregulatory Behaviour of Long-Billed Vulture (Gyps indicus) by Wing Stretching at Southern Rajasthan, India
Authors: Chishty Nadim , Choudhary Narayan Lal
Published: September 2020

Long-billed vulture is warm-blooded and they regulate body temperature by solar radiation. Thermoregulatory behaviour plays an important role for organism survival and its fitness. It also plays a major role in removal of ectozoons, cleaning of body and feathers, elimination of sand particles, wing flexibility and is also helpful in long distance flight. Maximum thermoregulation time recorded in winter were (680±95.65) and minimum were (516.07 ±68.66) seconds in summer in per day. Maximum thermoregulation time’s record in winter was due to low environmental temperature, high humidity and low wind velocity. In winter maximum average temperature was (27.12±2.88°C) and minimum was (8.63±3.03°C), while thermoregulation time minimum recorded in summer due to high environmental temperature. In summer season maximum average temperature was recorded (39.34± 2.10°C) and minimum was (23.08±4.49°C). Thermoregulation is influenced by various ecological parameters like- temperature, rain, sunshine period, wind velocity and cloudy weather. Thermoregulatory times reduced when environmental temperature increased. In summer long billed vulture protect nestling from direct sunlight.
EXPLAIN ME THIS: RESENHA SOBRE A OBRA DE ADELE GOLDBERG (2019) / Explain me this: review on Adele Goldberg’s book (2019)
Authors: Freitas Jr Roberto , Alonso Karen Sampaio Braga , De Oliveira Manuela Correa
Published: September 2020

Resenha do livro Explain me This: Creativity, competition and partial productivity of constructions da Adele Goldberg
Valuing imperfection
Authors: White Hilary
Published: September 2020

Hilary White explores the relevance today of the Japanese philosophy wabi sabi and suggests how a wabi sabiesque approach can complement learning within the EYFS.
Natural force for good
Authors: Goldenberg Gemma
Published: September 2020

Is there a correlation between children's direct contact with nature and their ability to self regulate? Gemma Goldenberg has analysed research to provide insights and different perspectives on this.
Outdoor action
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: September 2020

Try these activities in your outside space to give children a sense of playing with friends while testing their physical skills and keeping to rules on safe distancing.
A randomised controlled feasibility trial of the Graded Repetitive Arm Strengthening Programme delivered to survivors of stroke at home
Authors: Dodzo Wilson , Grant Robert , Forsyth Leigh , Ramdharry Gita M
Published: September 2020

Background/aims

This randomised controlled feasibility trial evaluated the recruitment, engagement and effect of the Graded Repetitive Arm Strengthening Programme in a community rehabilitation setting in London, UK.

Methods

A parallel design was used to ascertain the effect of the Graded Repetitive Arm Strengthening Programme plus standard care compared to standard care only over four weeks. Eleven participants were randomised using permuted blocks randomisation following discharge, with six participants allocated to the Graded Repetitive Arm Strengthening Programme (study) group and five to the standard care (control) group. The primary outcome was the Wolf Motor Function Test. Secondary outcomes were the Motor Activity Log and grip strength.

Results

A total of five participants in each group were analysed as one person withdrew from the study group. Participants in the study group gave more time to supplementing their exercise time independently (160% more vs 42% more). Most Wolf Motor Function Test tasks' time and function data showed a small difference in favour of the Graded Repetitive Arm Strengthening Programme. Results were re-examined using a Bayesian structural equation model to quantify changes in the underlying impairment. This showed significant differences: 40% faster task completion (P<0.001, 95% confidence level [CI] 30–49%), mean improvement of 0.54 on the five-point functional ability score (P<0.001, 95% CI 0.39–0.68), odds ratio of 0.05 for non-completion of task (P<0.001, 95% CI 0.02–0.14).

Conclusions

This study has shown that implementing the Graded Repetitive Arm Strengthening Programme is feasible and may have a greater effect on outcomes when delivered as part of care in a community rehabilitation setting. The analysis of the Wolf Motor Function Test was also critiqued.
Multi objective optimization of process parameters of AA2014 Friction Stir Weldments using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: RAJU L. Suvarna , VENU Borigorla , MALLAIAH G.
Published: September 2020

The influence of tool pin profile and process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA2014 weldments was studied. Tool pin profiles such as a Straight Cylindrical Threaded (SCT) and Taper Cylindrical Threaded (TCT) profiles are used for experimentation. The process parameters such as constant tool rotational speed of 900 rpm, welding speed and tool tilt angles at 30, 40, 50, and 60mm/min and 1o, 2o, respectively, are used to fabricate the weldments. A set of experiments was conducted with two different tool pin profiles and mechanical properties were evaluated. The better mechanical properties such as tensile strength of 367N/mm2, impact strength of 10J and hardness of 139HV were obtained by using TCT pin when compared to SCT pin. The observed mechanical properties have been correlated with microstructure. The mechanical properties were analyzed by ANOVA and regression analysis. Objective functions and constraints are developed for the three responses in terms of factors. The factors are optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA). From the GA results, it is observed that the welding speed of 58mm/min and tool tilt angle of 1.95o are found to be the better combination for carrying out the experiments using TCT pin profile.
Wear Behaviour of SAE 4340 Steel in Comparison with Single Test Specimen
Authors: SRINIVASABABU Nadendla
Published: September 2020

This study addresses the progressive damage of a surface/specimen/component caused by another substance in relative motion. This could cause the change in geometry, dimensions of the part which loses the practical functionality. So, an attempt was made to study the wear behavior of SAE 4340 steel using a pin-on-disc wear test machine at different loading, test speed, and time. Two cases viz. (1) single steel specimen, (2) multiple specimens were considered for the wear test and the obtained wear (μm), and frictional force (N) was compared.
Manoeuvring challenging demands: care managers, the Free Choice System and older users of home care services with reduced decision-making capacity
Authors: Dunér Anna , Gustafsson Gerd
Published: September 2020

The aim of this article is to describe and analyse how care managers experience and manage the Swedish Free Choice System in relation to older users of home care services with reduced decision-making capacity. The empirical data were generated by focus group interviews with care managers working in local eldercare authorities that had implemented the Free Choice System. The findings reveal that care managers used various strategies, and justifications for them, based on various coexisting logics: the market logic; the logic of public administration; and the logic of care.
In Search of Equity
Authors: Wills Stewart
Published: September 2020

The events of 2020 may offer a unique chance to advance the
representation of African Americans in optics and photonics—if the
community grasps the opportunity.
Motivationsfaktoren für oder gegen einen Einsatz von Cloud-Lösungen in Kleinstunternehmen
Authors: Hentschel Raoul , Leyh Christian , Egner Marco
Published: September 2020

Derzeit ist Cloud-Computing eine treibende Kraft in der aktuellen Digitalisierungsdebatte und verspricht Unternehmen jeder Größe viele Vorteile, wie z. B. geringere Einstiegskosten, größere Flexibilität und Skalierbarkeit sowie Kosteneinsparungen gegenüber klassischen IT-Lösungen. Insbesondere für kleine und Kleinstunternehmen können die Vorteile des Cloud-Computing besonders zum Tragen kommen. In vielen Fällen verfügen diese Unternehmen nicht über das notwendige Know-how und die Ressourcen, um einen durchgängigen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Informationstechnologie zu haben oder Fachabteilungen zu unterhalten, die für den Betrieb von IT-Lösungen verantwortlich sind. Doch gerade in aktuellen Studien zum Umgang mit Cloud-Computing bleibt die Unternehmensgrößenklasse der Kleinstunternehmen bei der Betrachtung jedoch weitestgehend unberücksichtigt. Dies hat uns motiviert, die Thematik mittels einer eigenen Studie zu adressieren und Kleinstunternehmen zum Thema der Cloud-Nutzung zu befragen. Dabei hat sich unter anderem gezeigt, dass Zeiteinsparung – beispielsweise durch den ortsunabhängigen Zugriff auf Dokumente oder durch den geringeren Zeitaufwand für Auswahl, Wartung und Installation der IT-Landschaft sowie eine flexiblere Anpassung des Leistungsumfangs (z. B. Rechen- und Speicherleistung) wichtige Motivationsfaktoren für die Nutzung der Cloud in Kleinstunternehmen sind. Alle weiteren Ergebnisse unserer Online-Umfrage unter 278 Kleinstunternehmen stellen wir in diesem Artikel vor und diskutieren weitere wichtige Motivationsfaktoren für oder gegen den Einsatz von Cloud-Computing in Kleinstunternehmen.
Einführung von Public Cloud Services – Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze aus der Praxis
Authors: Brassel Stefan , Gadatsch Andreas
Published: September 2020

Die Motive für die Einführung von Public Cloud Services liegen oft im Bereich der Kosteneinsparung und Qualitätsverbesserung. Vielfach werden bei der erstmaligen Einführung vermeidbare Fehler gemacht, die im Nachhinein den Erfolg des Vorhabens schmälern. Der Beitrag beschreibt ein aus Sicht der Beratungspraxis bewährtes Vorgehensmodell für die Einführung und Nutzung von Public Cloud Services unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Microsoft Cloud Services.
Publicly available data sources to compile an urban natural capital account according to the SEEA EEA: A London case study
Authors: Northridge Emily , Maes Mikaël J. A. , Milligan Ben
Published: September 2020

Government organisations and other public sector bodies are compiling standardised environmental accounts to encourage more sustainable land use choices and improve management of the natural environment and associated benefits. While the United Nations System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Experimental Ecosystem accounting (SEEA EEA) provides such as framework, practical challenges remain in particular decision-making contexts. In urban areas, natural ecosystems have unique challenges because of anthropogenic pressures, providing a mix of ecosystem services (ES) that may be valued differently compared to non-urban natural ecosystems due to peoples proximity to these. It is unknown whether existing publicly available data sources for urban areas are compatible with the SEEA EEA framework and if these sources are sufficient for the development of an inclusive natural capital accounts. Here, we explore whether an inclusive urban natural capital account that includes a broad range of ES can be compiled from publicly available data sources for Greater London between 2007 and 2018. We showed that it was not possible to compile an inclusive urban natural capital account for London per year consistent with the SEEA EEA framework because of issues with (1) temporal inconsistencies, (2) land cover classifications and (3) lack of public access to certain data sources. Greater collaboration between institutions and other organisations could support our understanding of linkages between ecosystem extent, condition and ES flows. Overall, our findings suggest the need for renewed efforts to develop a cohesive source of publicly available data, which could be supported by making interdisciplinary work standard practise.
GERENCIAMENTO DE RESULTADOS E O DETALHAMENTO DOS COVENANTS
Authors: De Oliveira Willams da Conceição , Moreira Nadia Cardoso , Nossa Silvania Neris , Monte-Mor Danilo Soares
Published: September 2020

A divulgação de covenants financeiros é obrigatória por lei apenas quando existe a violação do limite desses covenants. Entretanto, a despeito da não obrigatoriedade legal, boa parte das companhias não divulgam voluntariamente tais limites quando os contratos são firmados, o que reduz o conteúdo informacional de investidores acerca dos contratos de dívida. Este estudo objetivou investigar a relação do detalhamento dos covenants financeiros com o nível de gerenciamento de resultados. A amostra contempla companhias brasileiras não financeiras de capital aberto no período de 2010 a 2018, em um total de 1.288 observações obtidas junto ao Economatica. Detalhes dos covenants financeiros foram obtidos mediante leitura de notas explicativas e nos sites das firmas direcionados a relações com investidores. Para cada uma das três hipóteses de pesquisa realizou-se em um primeiro estágio um Propensity Score Matching como forma de se identificar grupos comparáveis e com probabilidades semelhantes de possuírem, violarem e divulgarem covenants financeiros, respectivamente. Os resultados encontrados apresentam evidências de que a existência de covenants financeiros está associada a maiores níveis de gerenciamento de resultados.  Resultados adicionais indicam que empresas que violam tais cláusulas possuem maiores níveis de gerenciamento no ano anterior à violação, e que empresas com maiores níveis de gerenciamento de resultados possuem menor probabilidade de detalharem voluntariamente os limites dos covenants financeiros. Conjuntamente, tais evidências indicam que gestores podem estar se utilizando de gerenciamento para evitar o rompimento dos limites das cláusulas contratuais. Tal fato reforça a discussão sobre os covenants na revisão do CPC 26 no sentido de tornar obrigatório que Sociedades Anônimas divulguem os limites dos covenants financeiros nas notas explicativas.
As relações entre pedagogia social, educação social e educação popular no Brasil
Authors: Bravin Rodrigo , Paiva Jacyara Silva de , Pinel Hiran
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever compreensivamente as relações entre a pedagogia social, educação social e a educação popular, pontuando as afinidades entre estes saberesfazeres, seus imbricamentos e a formação dos educadores sociais diante deles. Foi adotada como perspectiva metodológica a fenomenologia associada à pesquisa bibliográfica e histórica. A vocação histórica do homem é “ser sujeito” de si junto com o outro no mundo, e o educador social como sujeito que é na sua cotidianidade profissional, produz resistência para ser e levar ao outro (educando) a também existir-se assim. A pedagogia social imbricada com a educação social e a educação popular, afirmando suas diferenças, mas sem estranhamentos conceituais ou ideológicos seria enfim um “inédito viável, um acreditar em um outro possível processo educativo e civilizatório que, na verdade, já ocorre nas margens de diversas periferias brasileiras.
O ser negro no Brasil
Authors: Silva Fábio Pereira da , Agostinho Priscila Ferreira
Published: September 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar e refletir sobre o ser negro no Brasil diante da exposição “Agora somos todxs negrxs?”, que teve como curador o artista Daniel Lima. A justificativa deste estudo surge a partir da questão do título da exposição, que indaga sobre o ser negra/negro e faz refletir sobre cor/raça no Brasil como um desafio na sociedade. O percurso metodológico escolhido neste trabalho aconteceu por meio de análise da exposição e levantamento de informações. Para realizar esse procedimento metodológico, foram analisados alguns sites, fotografias expostas na exposição e literatura. Os resultados conclusivos apontam que “Agora somos todxs negrxs?” foi de suma relevância, apresenta uma ideia de enfrentamento contra o racismo institucionalizado no Brasil a partir do ponto de vista da negritude e da desconstrução do impacto da colonização e da escravidão.
Slams e espaços educacionais extraescolares
Authors: Gama Danielle Marcia Hachmann de Lacerda da , Fernandes Diogo Linhares
Published: September 2020

Partindo da compreensão sobre o papel que uma educação emancipadora pode cumprir para a juventude, ao ter na sua formação os próprios atores sociais envolvidos e atuando de forma crítica, e considerando os limites que a educação formal pode apresentar à formação de jovens estudantes, buscamos neste artigo fazer uma reflexão sobre a atuação dos jovens, em sua maioria moradores das periferias urbanas, que vêm construindo espaços expressivos como as batalhas de poesia conhecidas como slams. Nelas, seus atores veiculam poemas que falam sobre as experiências vividas e que, em geral, dizem respeito a diversas formas de marginalização e opressão a que estão sujeitos por suas origens territoriais ou identitárias. Há nas batalhas uma intenção de promover o debate e conscientização dos sujeitos participantes a respeito de questões sociais, em um modo de aprender sobre si, sobre seu espaço, seus direitos. Apoiamos nossa reflexão em revisão bibliográfica, ilustrando-a com o caso dos Slams das Minas, circuito de batalhas promovidas por jovens mulheres. Consideramos que os slams podem ser pensados como espaços de educação popular, não formal, capazes de contribuir na formação social e humana dos sujeitos que deles participam.
Políticas públicas para educação de jovens e adultos
Authors: Marquez Nakita Ani Guckert , Godoy Dalva Maria Alves
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo faz uma breve contextualização histórica da trajetória da educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) no Brasil, com o objetivo de refletirmos sobre as concepções que fundamentaram as políticas públicas e que até hoje trazem implicações no cenário educacional dessa modalidade. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica/documental analisada à luz dos pressupostos teóricos que engendram as pesquisas neste campo de estudo. Entende-se que ao longo da história da educação as políticas públicas para EJA foram descontínuas e fragmentadas, não sendo prioridade para os governos, o que acarretou profundas marcas sobre essa modalidade e seus educandos. A EJA integra um campo político complexo, com diversas particularidades e que, apesar de ter apresentado inúmeros avanços ao longo das décadas, vem sendo ameaçada por políticas públicas regressivas que comprometem seriamente o direito de todos à educação. As políticas públicas para EJA precisam ser construídas a partir de uma reflexão ampla, não somente no tocante educacional, mas no seu contexto social, econômico e cultural como um todo.
A Pedagogia da Autonomia e o ensino de Matemática
Authors: Medeiros Jocinéia , Lübeck Marcos , Lins Graciela  Siegloch , Andretti Fernando Luiz
Published: September 2020

Por ser comum ouvir comentários negativos relacionados à Matemática é que se torna essencial a busca por processos de ensino e aprendizagem que deem sentido aos conteúdos matemáticos curriculares, de maneira a mudar esses juízos e a proporcionar aos educandos desenvolverem mais gosto por essa disciplina. Nesse aspecto, os conhecimentos sobre os saberes necessários à prática educativa, do livro Pedagogia da Autonomia de Paulo Freire, contribuem para um pensar, no caso da Matemática, mais humanizado, ou seja, em uma Matemática contextualizada dentro da realidade vivida pelos educandos. Dessa forma, este texto tem por finalidade apresentar um relato de experiência de uma atividade matemática, utilizando a teoria desse pensador com alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental I, de uma escola municipal de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná. Seu tema envolveu o cálculo de impostos embutidos numa compra de supermercado e a metodologia usada seguiu preceitos da pesquisa-ação. Este trabalho mostrou-se bastante relevante por apresentar uma compreensão de que é muito importante vincular os conteúdos matemáticos curriculares com a realidade do educando e por problematizar esses conteúdos nas suas relações sociais, políticas e econômicas, e assim desenvolver a consciência crítica dos envolvidos sobre a sua presença no mundo.
Reflexões sobre as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a educação de jovens e adultos
Authors: Maurício Suelen Santos
Published: September 2020

Este artigo pretende desenvolver reflexões acerca das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) a partir da análise deste documento e do diálogo com bibliografias que discutem a educação contemporânea no âmbito da EJA, buscando pensar a educação para a classe trabalhadora no contexto brasileiro. A promulgação das Leis de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN), assim como as DCN inserem-se em um movimento de Reformas Educacionais, de caráter neoliberal, iniciado na década de 1990 sob influência de organismos multilaterais. Os resultados da análise do documento supracitado indicam um discurso construído na perspectiva do capitalismo mundializado que busca encobrir a realidade social e sustentar o pensamento individualista, competitivo e meritocrático. A EJA aparece nas políticas educacionais como um espaço de qualificação dos sujeitos para inserção no mercado de trabalho e conquista de cidadania, que vem exigindo novas habilidades dos trabalhadores e formação de consumidores na lógica do mercado.
Tempos de re-invenção, re-criação e re-encontros
Authors: Gaspareto Sirlei Antoninha Kroth , Collet Zenaide
Published: September 2020

Este texto busca fazer reflexões sobre o momento atual caracterizado pela pandemia da Covid-19. Evidenciamos, como ponto de partida, memórias de uma experiência fundamentada na Teologia da Libertação, a qual influenciou o surgimento dos Movimentos Sociais Populares, principalmente na região oeste de Santa Catarina. Realiza-se a análise de repetidas crises originadas no seio do sistema capitalista que, em sua perversidade, re-cria-se de múltiplas maneiras e se faz permanente na travessia de nossas vidas. E, em meio à pandemia, destaca-se a sofisticação tecnológica, os “paradigmas tecnocráticos” que, no dizer do Papa Francisco, orientam muitos governos ao redor do mundo, mas “não são suficientes para abordar esta crise, nem os outros grandes problemas da humanidade”. O texto menciona o importante papel das mulheres no enfrentamento à pandemia. Acrescenta-se à reflexão elementos do referencial bíblico cristão que fundamentam e provocam o questionamento: a que re-invenção, re-criação, re-encontros nos referimos? O propósito é refletir sobre a necessidade permanente de aprimorar os elementos narrativos e críticos considerados fundamentais enquanto perspectiva humana de continuidade da vida.
Reseña / El pensamiento ambiental del Sur. Complejidad, recursos y ecología política latinoamericana
Authors: Cardozo Laura Cecilia , Chosco Diaz Gilda Cecilia
Published: September 2020

En esta obra, referentes de la problemática ambiental latinoamericana y mundial describen y analizan: ¿cuáles son las bases del pensamiento ambiental del Sur?  ¿Cómo surgió? ¿En qué contexto? ¿Quiénes contribuyeron a este saber emancipador? Los autores aportan al pensamiento ambiental regional y global desde América Latina. Adoptan una postura crítica, situada e histórica al mismo tiempo, y realizan novedosas propuestas en el contexto de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación. El libro invita a recorrer las páginas de los trece capítulos de manera amena y llevadera. Significa que cualquiera puede leer y reflexionar sobre diversas realidades y problemáticas de una ciudad, de una comunidad, de un barrio, de las familias y de las organizaciones.
India, COVID-19, the United States, and China
Authors: Research Unit for Political Economy (RUPE) -
Published: September 2020

Since the emergence of COVID-19, the United States has quite openly decided to use the crisis, at a global scale, as a weapon against its perceived rival, China. In this context, India has taken a number of steps to restructure its relation to China, asserting economic stances and implementing policies that are becoming more and more closely entwined with its geopolitical positions and aspirations.
I wake every day to this
Authors: Piercy Marge
Published: September 2020

A new poem by Marge Piercy.
Extraction and Determination of Oxymatrine Pesticide in Environmental Sample and in its Formulation using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Shaheed Ihsan M. , Dhahir Saadiyah A.
Published: September 2020

The quinolizindine alkaloid compound, oxymatrine pesticide, was analysis in the river water samples collected from different agriculture areas in the Iraqi city of Kerbala and also in its formulation using developed reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method. Acetonitrile:methanol (60:40 v/v) was chosen as mobile phase at pH (7.0), flow rate 0.5 mL/min, and 20 µL as volume injection. Modified ecological-friendly method, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, was used for the extraction of oxymatrine from water samples. Linearity study was constructed from 0.1 to 70 μg/mL at λmax 205 nm. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.025 and 0.082 μg/mL, respectively, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) % was 0.518%. Three spiked levels of concentration (20.0, 40.0, and 70.0 μg/mL) were used for the validation method. The percentage recovery for the three spiked samples was ranged between 98.743 and 99.432 and the RSD% was between 0.051 and 0.202%, the formulation studies of oxymatrine between 99.487 and 99.798, and the RSD% was ranged from 0.045 to 0.057%. The developed method can be used accurately and selectively for the determination of oxymatrine in environmental samples and in the formulation.
Wprowadzenie
Authors: Krajewski Marek
Published: September 2020

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Wprowadzenie
Authors: Kubera Jacek , Skoczylas Łukasz
Published: September 2020

Wprowadzenie
O trudnej sztuce obywania się bez granic
Authors: Lisiecki Stanisław
Published: September 2020

The author focuses on demonstrating that, contrary to the currently popular thesis of the disappearance of the “old” borders, in many cases we can talk about the emergence of “new” borders and the renaissance of ethnic boundaries (Scotland, Catalonia, Silesia). The text discusses the phenomenon of ethnic segmentation in multi-ethnic and multicultural cities. It gives an example of German cities (Berlin, Frankfurt am Main and cities in North Rhine-Westphalia). The author shows that talking about the end of the borders appears to be too early and that it is still worth dealing scientifically with the socially constructed borders.
Rozkład przestrzenny cudzoziemców w Poznaniu
Authors: Gajda Hanna
Published: September 2020

The presence of foreigners in Poland is yet a relatively unexplored phenomenon and an interesting research area. Since the political transformation and the Polish accession to the European Union, there has recently been an upward trend towards an increase of the population of immigrants (within the last couple of years). The vast majority of migration is into cities. Therefore, the activity of foreigners contributes both to the social and structural changes and raises several questions about their socio-spatial assimilation. This article aims to present the spatial distribution of foreigners in the city of Poznań. The article presents the results of research on patterns of the settlement of foreigners (temporary and permanent residence) in the city of Poznań from 1999 to 2011.
Migracje wewnętrzne i zagraniczne w aglomeracji poznańskiej w latach 1990-2011
Authors: Walaszek Marzena
Published: September 2020

Metropolitan areas in Poland are places of intense social, economic and spatial growth. The socioeconomic development of metropolitan areas is closely linked with the collective needs of the local society. These needs change over time and depend on the spatial scale of population movements, changes in the demographic structure and lifestyle. In the article, directions and reasons for migrations into the Poznań agglomeration in 1990-2011 were examined. The conclusion is that intensive development of housing affected the move to suburban areas.
Systemy monitorowania rewitalizacji w gminach województwa wielkopolskiego
Authors: Ciesiółka Przemysław
Published: September 2020

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja systemów monitorowania działań rewitalizacyjnych stosowanych w programach rewitalizacji w województwie wielkopolskim, pozwalających na skuteczną ewaluację podejmowanej interwencji. Badania wykazały najczęstsze wykorzystywanie podejścia zarządczego do oceny efektów rewitalizacji, które przewiduje analizę wyznaczonych w programie rewitalizacji mierników rozwoju. W związku z tym w pracy dokonano przeglądu wskaźników wykorzystywanych do oceny skutków rewitalizacji na poziomie lokalnym w różnych wymiarach: społecznym, gospodarczym, przestrzenno-funkcjonalnym, technicznym i środowiskowym. Ponadto w oparciu o analizę studiów przypadku stwierdzono też stosowanie podejścia ekonomicznego, zakładającego badania relacji między nakładami a efektami, a w rzadszych przypadkach także podejścia jakościowego, polegającego na określeniu stopnia zadowolenia z przebiegu działań rewitalizacyjnych wśród lokalnych interesariuszy. Badania przeprowadzone w województwie wielkopolskim dowodzą, że zachodzące w ostatnich latach zmiany legislacyjne doprowadziły do unifikacji systemu monitorowania efektów rewitalizacji. Wciąż brakuje jednak weryfikacji przyjętego modelu.
Starość demograficzna miast województwa wielkopolskiego w latach 1995–2018
Authors: Józefowicz Karolina
Published: September 2020

Celem artykułu jest określenie skali zaawansowania procesu starzenia się ludności miast województwa wielkopolskiego. Wykorzystano do tego podział zaproponowany przez Prochownikową, w którym wyodrębniono siedem stopni starości. Zakres przestrzenny obejmował 108 miast województwa wielkopolskiego. W celu zaobserwowania zmian w czasie badania dotyczyły lat 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 oraz 2018. Dynamiczne ujęcie pozwoliło zobrazować skalę i ewaluację problemu starości demograficznej Wielkopolskich miast. Na podstawie wyodrębnionych typów stwierdzono, że do 2010 r. w miastach obserwowano początkowy stan starości. Do 2018 r. odsetek osób starszych przekroczył we wszystkich ośrodkach miejskich 15% (zaawansowany stan starości), a w przypadku Kalisza i Konina 25%, czyli skalę anormalnie wysokiego poziomu starości mieszkańców.
Potential benefit for production management of a pulp and paper company from using an ft-nir analyzer
Authors: Zampini Eugenio De Felice , Oliveira William Akio
Published: September 2020

The pulp and paper segment has been seeking to increase mill efficiency through cost reduction and better production management. One of the ways to achieve this goal is through better control and operation of the pulp plant digester cooking. The study aimed to verify the accuracy of the FT-NIR analyzer in the liquor lines of a pulp and paper digester and its possible benefits for production management. The research methodology used was the case study, where it was analyzed and compared the results of the equipment with the values of the company's laboratory. The analysis of the instrument proved accurate and reliable, providing information on various properties of liquors that enable the optimization of production management with the stabilization of the operation. Future trends indicate that infrared technology will continue to play an important role as a detection platform due to its inherent flexibility and capability.