bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O panorama das Drogas no México: da margem da sociedade ao centro da cultura
Authors: Palaversich Diana
Published: December 2013

O artigo destaca o percurso das manifestações culturais ligadas ao tráfico de drogas no México, de um lugar marginal, de subcultura, na sociedade mexicana das décadas de 1970 e 1980, expressas principalmente através dos narcocorridos e do narcocine, para um lugar no mainstream cultural mexicano, desde o início do século 21, com destaque especial para a narcoliteratura. O aumento da violência, provocado pela guerra ao narcotráfico, produz uma proliferação da temática nos meios de comunicação e se reflete em áreas da cultura como as artes plásticas e a literatura, produzindo um novo tipo de expressão artística ou narrativa, que tanto pode ser oportunista e contribuir para a banalização da violência do narcotráfico como ser crítica e narrar o impacto individual e coletivo do tráfico de drogas, narrar a desenfreada e violenta realidade mexicana sem cair no estilo da imprensa marrom, do folclore ou dos lugares comuns dos romances de ação.
De muertas y policías: la duplicidad de la novela negra en la obra de Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Viscardi Nilia
Published: December 2013

Se presenta una sociología de las representaciones de la violencia a partir del estudio de la novela policial. Tomando como base los comentarios frankfurtianos sobre el auge de la novela policial en la modernidad, se comparan dos escritores europeos (Andrea Camilleri y Henning Mankell) con un latinoamericano (Roberto Bolaño). 2666, la novela de Bolaño, se construye desde un tipo particular de violencia social relacionada con la impunidad y la impotencia del estado, o en definitiva, con la imposibilidad del proyecto moderno. Esta realidad da lugar a un tipo de representación que se aparta de los cánones de la novela policial, como se apreciará en la caracterización del detective. Investigando los violentos desafíos al frágil orden social, este nuevo tipo de novela policial latinoamericana pone en cuestión los mecanismos de representación de la muerte, esto es, la representación de lo irrepresentable.
Verbo-visualidade no gênero jornalístico televisivo: leituras para a construção de estratégias de interpretação da língua de sinais
Authors: Harrison Kathryn Marie Pacheco , Nascimento Vinícius
Published: December 2013

Neste artigo, apresentamos uma análise das marcas verbo-visuais constitutivas do gênero jornalístico televisivo e suas contribuições para a prática de interpretação da libras (língua brasileira de sinais) nesse gênero. A partir da análise da composição verbo-visual das produções telejornalísticas "Jornal Hoje", "Jornal Nacional" e da revista eletrônica televisiva "Fantástico", todas exibidas pela Rede Globo de Televisão, será discutido como o tradutor intérprete de libras/português (TILSP) pode, em seu ato enunciativo-discursivo de mediação entre sujeitos falantes e não falantes da língua de sinais, construir um discurso de natureza verbo-visual coerente com o pressuposto fundante da televisão: a relação entre texto (independente da sua dimensão material verbal) e imagem.
Association of Access to Publicly Funded Family Planning Services With Adolescent Birthrates in California Counties
Authors: Chabot Marina J. , Navarro Sandy , Swann Diane , Darney Philip , Thiel de Bocanegra Heike
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined the association of adolescent birthrates (ABRs) with access to and receipt of publicly funded family planning services in California counties provided through 2 state programs: Medi-Cal, California’s Medicaid program, and the Family Planning, Access, Care, and Treatment (Family PACT) program.

Methods. Our key data sources included the California Health Interview Survey and California Women’s Health Survey, Medi-Cal and Family PACT claims data, and the Birth Statistical Master File. We constructed a linear regression analysis measuring the relationship of access to and receipt of family planning services with ABRs when controlling for counties’ select covariates.

Results. The regression analysis indicated that a higher access rate to Family PACT in a county was associated with a lower ABR (B = −0.19; P < .01) when controlling for unemployment rate, percentage of foreign-born adolescents, and percentage of adult low-income births.

Conclusions. Efforts to reduce ABRs, specifically in counties that had persistently high rates are critical to achieving a healthy future for the state and the nation. Family PACT played a crucial role in helping adolescents avoid unintended and early childbearing.
Effect of Maternal–Child Home Visitation on Pregnancy Spacing for First-Time Latina Mothers
Authors: Yun Katherine , Chesnokova Arina , Matone Meredith , Luan Xianqun , Localio A. Russell , Rubin David M.
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined the impact of a maternal–child home visitation program on birth spacing for first-time Latina mothers, focusing on adolescents and women who identified as Mexican or Puerto Rican.

Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study. One thousand Latina women enrolled in the Pennsylvania Nurse–Family Partnership between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2007, were matched to nonenrolled Latina women using propensity scores. The primary outcome was the time to second pregnancy that resulted in a live birth (interpregnancy interval). Proportional hazards models and bootstrap methods compared the time to event.

Results. Home visitation was associated with a small decrease in the risk of a short interpregnancy interval (≤ 18 months) among Latina women (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75, 0.99). This effect was driven by outcomes among younger adolescent women (HR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.65, 0.96). There was also a trend toward significance for women of Mexican heritage (HR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.49, 1.07), although this effect might be attributed to individual agency performance.

Conclusions. Home visitation using the Nurse–Family Partnership model had measurable effects on birth spacing in Latina women.
Impact of Arizona’s SB 1070 Immigration Law on Utilization of Health Care and Public Assistance Among Mexican-Origin Adolescent Mothers and Their Mother Figures
Authors: Toomey Russell B. , Umaña-Taylor Adriana J. , Williams David R. , Harvey-Mendoza Elizabeth , Jahromi Laudan B. , Updegraff Kimberly A.
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined the impact of Arizona’s “Supporting Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act” (SB 1070, enacted July 29, 2010) on the utilization of preventive health care and public assistance among Mexican-origin families.

Methods. Data came from 142 adolescent mothers and 137 mother figures who participated in a quasi-experimental, ongoing longitudinal study of the health and development of Mexican-origin adolescent mothers and their infants (4 waves; March 2007–December 2011). We used general estimating equations to determine whether utilization of preventive health care and public assistance differed before versus after SB 1070’s enactment.

Results. Adolescents reported declines in use of public assistance and were less likely to take their baby to the doctor; compared with older adolescents, younger adolescents were less likely to use preventive health care after SB 1070. Mother figures were less likely to use public assistance after SB 1070 if they were born in the United States and if their post–SB 1070 interview was closer to the law’s enactment.

Conclusions. Findings suggest that immigration policies such as SB 1070 may contribute to decreases in use of preventive health care and public assistance among high-risk populations.
The Effects of Breastfeeding Exclusivity on Early Childhood Outcomes
Authors: Jenkins Jade Marcus , Foster E. Michael
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined the relationship between breastfeeding exclusivity and duration and children’s health and cognitive outcomes at ages 2 and 4 years.

Methods. We used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Birth Cohort, a nationally representative sample of 10 700 children born in the United States in 2001. Parent interviews and child assessments were conducted in measurement waves at 9 months, 2 years, 4 years, and in kindergarten, with the focus on ages 2 and 4 years. We employed propensity scores as a means of adjusting for confounding involving observed characteristics.

Results. Outcome analyses using propensity scores showed some small effects of breastfeeding on key outcomes at age 4 years but not at age 2 years. Effects appeared to be concentrated in reading and cognitive outcomes. Overall, we found no consistent evidence for dosage effects of breastfeeding exclusivity. Our sensitivity analyses revealed that a small amount of unobserved confounding could be responsible for the resulting benefits.

Conclusions. Our study revealed little or no effect of breastfeeding exclusivity and duration on key child outcomes.
Application of the analytic hierarchy process to the analysis of wastewater nutrient recycling options: a case based on a group study of residents in the city of Zurich
Authors: Contreras Francisco , Hanaki Keisuke , Aramaki Toshiya , Binder Claudia R.
Published: December 2013

The recycling of anthropogenic nutrients derived from the wastewater management systems is often characterized by a complex and uncertain scenario, due not only to the nature of the process but also to the involvement of different stakeholder groups. Over the past 10 years in Switzerland, policies regarding the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer have gradually shifted to a ban on use in agriculture. As a result, alternative methods for the recycling of anthropogenic nutrients may play a relevant role in the near future. This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to examine more closely the nutrient-recycling dilemma by analysing the preferences of a group of German-speaking residents in the city of Zurich for various management scenarios. Nutrient recycling by the use of urine separation toilets and the BioCon treatment process are presented as possible management alternatives in addition to current practice. The study shows that AHP can incorporate the respondents' preferences and multiple objectives when evaluating alternatives with different attributes.
Study on Stability of Tall Buildings Under Earthquake
Authors: Xiang-Dong Zhang , Shi-Xing Fan , Pu Wang , Jian Guan
Published: December 2013

Analysis of the structure characteristics of the high-rise building, through the instrument observation, obtains each observation point’s total of subsidence and maximum subsidence, found no settlement of building site. Using the fi-nite element software for structural modeling, modal analysis shows that the quality of structural system, the stiffness is more evenly distributed the structure of the torsional capacity to meet the requirements. The model input Tianjin wave, analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the model, the results showed that: structure below the middle and lower classes, with the building height decreases, the horizontal displacement of reducing the magnitude of the structure of the middle and upper classes, with the building height increases, the horizontal displacement increases, a lesser extent; frame - shear wall structure, shear walls there are substantial limitations in the bottom of the lateral displacement, compared with the upper structure of the lateral displacement limit capacity.
A Parametrical Analysis for the Rotational Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Raffaele Domenico , Uva Giuseppina , Porco Francesco , Fiore Andrea
Published: December 2013

The assessment of the plastic rotation of reinforced concrete beams is an essential aspect to avoid structural brittle collapses. The value actually available can be generally determined as sum of two different components. The first, due to bending, the second for inclined shear cracks. This paper presents a simplified model which provides the flexural plastic rotation of the rectangular beams with a ``closed-form solution''. The approach is substantially dimensionless and includes main influencing factors the cross -section, as mechanical material properties, ductility, geometrical and mechanical reinforcement ratio, confinement effects. In closing, in order to appreciate the reliability of the procedure, a comparison with models proposed by international technical standards is made.
Static and Dynamic Characteristics of the Chain Drive System of a Heavy Duty Apron Feeder
Authors: Huo Junzhou , Yu Shiqiang , Yang Jing , Li Tao
Published: December 2013

Mechanical models of a chain drive system are proposed and applied to the theoretical analysis of chain drive
system of a certain type of heavy duty apron feeder in mobile crushing station, including a five-bar model discussing the
speed fluctuation problems of the chain drive system, an elastic collision model probing the effects of impulsive loads and
a model of meshing area revealing the stress of chain links. Theoretical analysis indicates that the teeth number and
sprocket pitch have the most influential effect on the vibration in the conveying direction; external impulsive loads are
caused a significant increment of chain force, especially when loads caused by large materials; the initial pressure angle
affects the roller chain stress conditions immensely. Then, multi-body dynamics models are established for the
verification of theoretical results and dynamic simulation. Simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical
results and illustrate that impulsive loads affect chain tension significantly.
Nature and results of treatment of war wounds caused by cluster bombs
Authors: Mitkovic Milorad , Bumbasirevic Marko , Milenkovic Sasa , Micic Ivan , Stojiljkovic Predrag , Kostic Igor , Karalejic Sasa , Stamenic Sonja , Pavlovic Predrag , Stanojlovic Milos , Jovanovic Vladimir , Ciric Tamara , Kutlesic-Stojanovic Katarina , Mitkovic Milan
Published: December 2013

The aim of this study is to describe the nature of war wounds with fracture
caused by cluster bombs and to suggest treatment options for such injuries.
The nature of wounds caused by cluster bombs differs from those caused by
conventional arms (they are more severe). The sides of the wounds are
represented by conquasated soft tissues (such as fat and muscle) with thick
dead tissues, ordinarily with a thickness of 0.5-4.5 cm. Another main
characteristic of such injuries is the high percentage of amputations needed
due to the high rate of neurovascular damage. This paper investigates the
cases of 81 patients who sustained a total of 99 war wounds with fractures.
The average age of the patients was 32.7 years while the youngest was 20 and
the oldest, 77. According to The International Committee of the Red Cross
(ICRC) classification of war wounds, 14 patients had grade I injuries, 48
patients grade II, and 29 patients, grade III. Mitkovic external fixation
system, known also as the "War Fixator" was used for all fractures fixation.
One protocol, which was a modification of the ICRC?s protocol adapted to our
specific conditions, was used throughout the study. For solving soft tissue
defects, a rotator fasciocutan flap was the most frequently used. For solving
of bones defect Mitkovic reconstructive external fixation device was used.
All fractures we treated healed. We concluded that shortening the procedural
time and being a very simple, immediate using of Mitkovic versatile external
fixator ("War Fixator") is , leads to desirable results.
Komparativna analiza polozaja kalema u butnoj kosti posle rekonstrukcije prednjeg ukrstenog ligamenta kolena tehnikom kroz prednje-unutrasnji portal i tehnikom kroz golenjacu
Authors: Harhaji Vladimir , Ninkovic Srdjan , Milojevic Zoran , Till Viktor , Ristic Vladimir , Harhaji Sanja , Janjic Natasa , Milankov Miroslav
Published: December 2013

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most common surgically treated knee
ligament. If we take into account the fact that incidence of ACL injuries is
growing, it is clearly that the interest of orthopedic surgeons for this
pathology is also growing. Increasing number of this operations leads to
increasing of complications, which requires its analysis. One of the most
common failure of ACL reconstruction is a bad position of the graft in the
femoral condyle. This study aimed to analyze the positioning of the graft in
to the femur by two generally accepted techniques - transtibial technique and
technique through the antero-medial portal. The analysis included
postoperative radiographs in 60 patients, of whom 30 were operated by
transtibial technique and 30 by technique through anteromedial portal.
Radiographic analysis involved the measurement of the AP digital imaging, the
tunnel projection X ray measurements and measurements of the computed
tomography (CT), which was here a control method. The accuracy of measurement
was set at 0.5? or 1 min. All radiographs were made in the same way according
to the literature. The results showed that the neoligaments were placed lower
in the femoral condyle by technique through anteromedial portal than by
transtibial technique, and the difference was statistically significant (on
tunnel X ray by anteromedial portal screws were average placed at 50.0? and
10:20 am, and by transtibial technique at 37.5? or 10:45 am). Based on the
results, it was concluded that the neoligaments were positioned closer to its
anatomical position by technique through anteromedial portal.
Are the global REIT markets efficient by a new approach?
Authors: Fang Hao , Lee Yen-Hsien
Published: December 2013

This study uses a panel KSS test by Nuri Ucar and Tolga Omay (2009), with a
Fourier function based on the sequential panel selection method (SPSM)
procedure proposed by Georgios Chortareas and George Kapetanios (2009) to
test the efficiency of REIT markets in 16 countries from 28 March 2008 to 27
June 2011. A Fourier approximation often captures the behavior of an unknown
break, and testing for a unit root increases its power to do so. Moreover,
SPSM can determine the mix of I(0) and I(1) series in a panel setting to
clarify how many and which are random walk processes. Our empirical results
demonstrate that REIT markets are efficient in all sampled countries except
the UK. Our results imply that investors in countries with efficient REIT
markets can adopt more passive portfolio strategies.
Peroxynitrite Disrupts Endothelial Caveolae Leading to eNOS Uncoupling and Diminished Flow-Mediated Dilation in Coronary Arterioles of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Cassuto James , Dou Huijuan , Czikora Istvan , Szabo Andras , Patel Vijay S. , Kamath Vinayak , Belin de Chantemele Eric , Feher Attila , Romero Maritza J. , Bagi Zsolt
Published: December 2013

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) contributes to coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM). We hypothesized that in DM, ONOO− interferes with the function of coronary endothelial caveolae, which plays an important role in nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasomotor regulation. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of coronary arterioles was investigated in DM (n = 41) and non-DM (n = 37) patients undergoing heart surgery. NO-mediated coronary FMD was significantly reduced in DM patients, which was restored by ONOO− scavenger, iron-(III)-tetrakis(N-methyl-4'pyridyl)porphyrin-pentachloride, or uric acid, whereas exogenous ONOO− reduced FMD in non-DM subjects. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated an increased 3-nitrotyrosine formation (ONOO−-specific protein nitration) in endothelial plasma membrane in DM, which colocalized with caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the key structural protein of caveolae. The membrane-localized Cav-1 was significantly reduced in DM and also in high glucose–exposed coronary endothelial cells. We also found that DM patients exhibited a decreased number of endothelial caveolae, whereas exogenous ONOO− reduced caveolae number. Correspondingly, pharmacological (methyl-β-cyclodextrin) or genetic disruption of caveolae (Cav-1 knockout mice) abolished coronary FMD, which was rescued by sepiapterin, the stable precursor of NO synthase (NOS) cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. Sepiapterin also restored coronary FMD in DM patients. Thus, we propose that ONOO− selectively targets and disrupts endothelial caveolae, which contributes to NOS uncoupling, and, hence, reduced NO-mediated coronary vasodilation in DM patients.
Body Fat Partitioning Does Not Explain the Interethnic Variation in Insulin Sensitivity Among Asian Ethnicity: The Singapore Adults Metabolism Study
Authors: Khoo Chin Meng , Leow Melvin Khee-Shing , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Lim Radiance , Venkataraman Kavita , Khoo Eric Yin Hao , Velan S. Sendhil , Ong Yu Ting , Kambadur Ravi , McFarlane Craig , Gluckman Peter D. , Lee Yung Seng , Chong Yap Seng , Tai E. Shyong
Published: December 2013

We previously showed that ethnicity modifies the association between adiposity and insulin resistance. We sought to determine whether differential body fat partitioning or abnormalities in muscle insulin signaling associated with higher levels of adiposity might underlie this observation. We measured the insulin sensitivity index (ISI), percentage of body fat (%body fat), visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue, liver fat, and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) in 101 Chinese, 82 Malays, and 81 South Asians, as well as phosphorylated (p)-Akt levels in cultured myoblasts from Chinese and South Asians. Lean Chinese and Malays had higher ISI than South Asians. Although the ISI was lower in all ethnic groups when %body fat was higher, this association was stronger in Chinese and Malays, such that no ethnic differences were observed in overweight individuals. These ethnic differences were observed even when %body fat was replaced with fat in other depots. Myoblasts obtained from lean South Asians had lower p-Akt levels than those from lean Chinese. Higher adiposity was associated with lower p-Akt levels in Chinese but not in South Asians, and no ethnic differences were observed in overweight individuals. With higher %body fat, Chinese exhibited smaller increases in deep SAT and IMCL compared with Malays and South Asians, which did not explain the ethnic differences observed. Our study suggests that body fat partitioning does not explain interethnic differences in insulin sensitivity among Asian ethnic groups. Although higher adiposity had greater effect on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity among Chinese, obesity-independent pathways may be more relevant in South Asians.
Memory consolidation — Mechanisms and opportunities for enhancement
Authors: Shaikh Netasha , Coulthard Elizabeth
Published: December 2013

Memory consolidation is the process by which relevant information is selected and transferred from a short-term, fragile state, into a stable, longer term domain from which it can be recalled. Effective memory underpins our ability to carry out everyday activities. When memory consolidation fails, such as in Alzheimer’s disease, the consequences can be devastating. Understanding the neurobiology of memory will help develop treatments for patients with memory loss. Here we describe the myriad processes involved in memory consolidation, including cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission predominantly in hippocampal networks. We discuss established therapies as well as potential novel strategies for boosting cognition. Future approaches to enhancement of memory consolidation include not only pharmacological and neurosurgical treatments, but also lifestyle interventions — for example, modifications to sleep, exercise and diet.
How Allotment-Era Literature Can Inform Current Controversies about Tribal Jurisdiction and Reservation Diminishment
Authors: Tweedy Ann E.
Published: December 2013

In a previous piece, ‘Unjustifiable Expectations: Laying to Rest the Ghosts of Allotment-Era Settlers,’ the author argued that a review of historical newspaper articles showed that the expectations of non-Indians who purchased lands on Sioux reservations in South Dakota during the allotment era above tribes disappearing were not justifiable because they were rooted in an expectation of continued injustice towards tribes. The article thus concluded that the Supreme Court should not presume that allotment-era settlers had justifiable expectations when it decided reservation diminishment and tribal jurisdiction cases. This article addresses whether allotment era literature pertaining to Sioux peoples can similarly help inform such cases. Although the results are more mixed, particularly with non-Indian-authored fiction, the works of Native writers such as Luther Standing Bear, Charles Eastman, and particularly Zitkala-Ša are helpful in explicating the injustices in the federal government’s land dealings with tribes, as was a nonfiction work by non-Native historian and poet Doane Robinson.
In the Shadowlands of Sovereignty: The Politics of Enclosure in Alejandro González Iñárritu’s Babel
Authors: Anker Elizabeth S.
Published: December 2013

In recent years, sovereignty has become a newly central yet also hotly contested term within political theory, as nation-state territorial jurisdiction is increasingly subordinated to other ambulatory and often piratical networks and flows of people, services, goods, and capital. This essay analyzes Alejandro González Iñárritu’s 2006 film Babel for insight into the contemporary formations of sovereignty and its exceptional spaces, enquiring about that term’s currency as a regulatory construct. In so doing, I critique the usual tendency to explain sovereignty – individual and juridical – through the logic of the border and enclosure. Drawing on Roberto Esposito’s work on the immunitary paradigm, I look to Babel to develop an alternate mapping of community that, while refusing to culminate with Esposito’s affirmative biopolitics, approaches individual and collective embodiment alike as sites of flux, porosity, messiness, and vulnerability.
Book review: Popular education, power and democracy – Swedish experiences and contributions
Authors: Nesbit Tom
Published: December 2013

By Ann-Marie Laginder, Henrik Nordvall and Jim Crowther (Eds.). (Leicester, UK: NIACE, 2013). 288 pp., € 29.95, ISBN 978-1-86201-579-1
Effectiveness of Gel Repellents on Feral Pigeons
Authors: Stock Birte , Haag-Wackernagel Daniel
Published: December 2013

Millions of feral pigeons (Columba livia) live in close association with the human population in our cities. They pose serious health risks to humans and lead to high economic loss due to damage caused to buildings. Consequently, house owners and city authorities are not willing to allow pigeons on their buildings. While various avian repellents are regularly introduced onto the market, scientific proof of efficacy is lacking. This study aimed at testing the effectiveness of two avian gel repellents and additionally examined their application from animal welfare standpoint. The gels used an alleged tactile or visual aversion of the birds, reinforced by additional sensory cues. We mounted experimental shelves with the installed repellents in a pigeon loft and observed the behavior of free-living feral pigeons towards the systems. Both gels showed a restricted, transient repellent effect, but failed to prove the claimed complete effectiveness. Additionally, the gels’ adhesive effect remains doubtful in view of animal welfare because gluing of plumage presents a risk to feral pigeons and also to other non-target birds. This study infers that both gels lack the promised complete efficacy, conflict with animal welfare concerns and are therefore not suitable for feral pigeon management in urban areas.
The Role of CD2 Family Members in NK-Cell Regulation of B-Cell Antibody Production
Authors: Yuan Dorothy
Published: December 2013

Natural Killer (NK) cells, an important component of the innate immune system, can mount much more rapid responses upon activation than adaptive antigen specific responses. Among the various functions attributed to NK cells their effect on antibody production merits special attention. The modification of IgG subclasses distribution as well as the amplification of the B cell response can be functionally relevant both for mediation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and for control of dysregulated autoantibody production. In this review recent experimental evidence for the mechanistic basis of the effect of NK cells on B cell-responses will be covered. Thus, it will be shown that these effects are mediated not only via activation of cytokine and Toll-like receptors (TLR), but also by direct receptor-ligand interactions. Importantly, the function of these receptor/ligands, CD48 and CD244, do not require recognition of class I-MHC molecules but are more dependent on inflammatory conditions brought about by infection or oncogenesis.
The Molecular Crosstalk between the MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and the DNA Damage Response—Biological and Clinical Aspects
Authors: Medová Michaela , Aebersold Daniel , Zimmer Yitzhak
Published: December 2013

Radiation therapy remains an imperative treatment modality for numerous malignancies. Enduring significant technical achievements both on the levels of treatment planning and radiation delivery have led to improvements in local control of tumor growth and reduction in healthy tissue toxicity. Nevertheless, resistance mechanisms, which presumably also involve activation of DNA damage response signaling pathways that eventually may account for loco-regional relapse and consequent tumor progression, still remain a critical problem. Accumulating data suggest that signaling via growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, which are aberrantly expressed in many tumors, may interfere with the cytotoxic impact of ionizing radiation via the direct activation of the DNA damage response, leading eventually to so-called tumor radioresistance. The aim of this review is to overview the current known data that support a molecular crosstalk between the hepatocyte growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase MET and the DNA damage response. Apart of extending well established concepts over MET biology beyond its function as a growth factor receptor, these observations directly relate to the role of its aberrant activity in resistance to DNA damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation, which are routinely used in cancer therapy and advocate tumor sensitization towards DNA damaging agents in combination with MET targeting.
Phototriggerable Liposomes: Current Research and Future Perspectives
Authors: Puri Anu
Published: December 2013

The field of cancer nanomedicine is considered a promising area for improved delivery of bioactive molecules including drugs, pharmaceutical agents and nucleic acids. Among these, drug delivery technology has made discernible progress in recent years and the areas that warrant further focus and consideration towards technological developments have also been recognized. Development of viable methods for on-demand spatial and temporal release of entrapped drugs from the nanocarriers is an arena that is likely to enhance the clinical suitability of drug-loaded nanocarriers. One such approach, which utilizes light as the external stimulus to disrupt and/or destabilize drug-loaded nanoparticles, will be the discussion platform of this article. Although several phototriggerable nanocarriers are currently under development, I will limit this review to the phototriggerable liposomes that have demonstrated promise in the cell culture systems at least (but not the last). The topics covered in this review include (i) a brief summary of various phototriggerable nanocarriers; (ii) an overview of the application of liposomes to deliver payload of photosensitizers and associated technologies; (iii) the design considerations of photoactivable lipid molecules and the chemical considerations and mechanisms of phototriggering of liposomal lipids; (iv) limitations and future directions for in vivo, clinically viable triggered drug delivery approaches and potential novel photoactivation strategies will be discussed.
Resolving Mixed Algal Species in Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Mehrubeoglu Mehrube , Teng Ming , Zimba Paul
Published: December 2013

We investigated a lab-based hyperspectral imaging system’s response from pure (single) and mixed (two) algal cultures containing known algae types and volumetric combinations to characterize the system’s performance. The spectral response to volumetric changes in single and combinations of algal mixtures with known ratios were tested. Constrained linear spectral unmixing was applied to extract the algal content of the mixtures based on abundances that produced the lowest root mean square error. Percent prediction error was computed as the difference between actual percent volumetric content and abundances at minimum RMS error. Best prediction errors were computed as 0.4%, 0.4% and 6.3% for the mixed spectra from three independent experiments. The worst prediction errors were found as 5.6%, 5.4% and 13.4% for the same order of experiments. Additionally, Beer-Lambert’s law was utilized to relate transmittance to different volumes of pure algal suspensions demonstrating linear logarithmic trends for optical property measurements.
A Uniform Energy Consumption Algorithm for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks Based on Dynamic Polling Point Selection
Authors: Li Shuo , Peng Jun , Liu Weirong , Zhu Zhengfa , Lin Kuo-Chi
Published: December 2013

Recent research has indicated that using the mobility of the actuator in wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) to achieve mobile data collection can greatly increase the sensor network lifetime. However, mobile data collection may result in unacceptable collection delays in the network if the path of the actuator is too long. Because real-time network applications require meeting data collection delay constraints, planning the path of the actuator is a very important issue to balance the prolongation of the network lifetime and the reduction of the data collection delay. In this paper, a multi-hop routing mobile data collection algorithm is proposed based on dynamic polling point selection with delay constraints to address this issue. The algorithm can actively update the selection of the actuator’s polling points according to the sensor nodes’ residual energies and their locations while also considering the collection delay constraint. It also dynamically constructs the multi-hop routing trees rooted by these polling points to balance the sensor node energy consumption and the extension of the network lifetime. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated by simulation.
La politique allemande en Extrême-Orient : les relations germano-japonaises de 1919 à 1940
Authors: Binoche Jacques
Published: December 2013

La politique extrême-orientale allemande de l'entre-deux-guerres s'est orientée tour à tour vers la Chine, puis vers le Japon. Jusqu'aux années 1930, l'Allemagne s'est présentée en Chine comme le premier pays décolonisateur. Elle a proposé à ce pays une importante coopération technique. Les relations germano-japonaises ont certes été marquées par de nombreuses affinités naturelles et convergences politiques, mais des contradictions ont opposé Berlin et Tokyo : question des îles sous mandat japonais, question des échanges économiques et des « chasses gardées » du Japon, question de race et problèmes pour la mise en place d'une stratégie militaire commune.
La gauche républicaine et la conquête de l'Algérie, de la prise d'Alger à la reddition d'Abd el-Kader (1830-1847)
Authors: Darriulat Philippe
Published: December 2013

La période de la première colonisation de l'Algérie, celle qui s'ouvre avec la prise d'Alger le 5 juillet 1830 et se clôt avec la reddition d'Abd el-Kader le 23 décembre 1847, se confond presque parfaitement avec le règne de Louis Philippe. C'est aussi le moment où apparaît pour la première fois en France un Parti républicain distinct des autres partis. Les archives de presse (la Tribune, la Réforme, le Journal du Peuple, l'Intelligence, le Populaire) nous permettent d'étudier l'attitude de ces militants, et notamment des plus radicaux d'entre eux, vis-à-vis de la question coloniale.

Très homogènes à ce sujet, les républicains manifestent tous, dès cette époque, un profond sentiment nationaliste qui les pousse non seulement à prôner une colonisation totale de l'Algérie, mais aussi son intégration à la France. Ils y voient en effet à la fois un moyen de « civiliser » des peuples jugés « barbares » et aussi d'assurer la domination française — la nation des « Lumières » — sur le monde et notamment par rapport à son principal concurrent : l'Angleterre, le pays capitaliste par excellence. Rêvant d'une organisation démocratique de la société coloniale dont pourraient « progressivement » bénéficier les « peuples autochtones », c'est au nom des valeurs de Révolution française que l'extrême gauche se fait alors l'avocat d'une Algérie française, conquise par tous les moyens, y compris la force. N'hésitant pas à accuser les libéraux au pouvoir (le « parti de l'étranger») de ne pas s'engager avec suffisamment de volonté dans cette aventure, ces militants en font une question de principe qu'ils lient étroitement à leur conception de la Nation.
La France et le Siam de 1680 à 1685. Histoire d'un échec
Authors: Jacq-Hergoualc'h Michel
Published: December 2013

Les relations de la France et du Siam entre 1680 et 1685 sont marquées par le début des relations diplomatiques entre les deux royaumes. Après une première ambassade siamoise en 1680 qui fait naufrage sur le chemin de la France, le roi Phra Narai envoie des émissaires vers Louis XIV en 1684, poussé sans doute par son nouveau favori, le Grec Constance Phaulkon, qui nourrit des vues très ambitieuses sur le Siam et qui se cherche des appuis européens pour les réaliser. Louis XIV, à qui l'on a fait croire que Phra Narai ne refuserait pas de se faire chrétien, lui répond par l'envoi d'une ambassade en 1685 dont le but principal avoué est la conversion du souverain siamois. Celui-ci ne se convertit pas, mais répond à Louis XIV par une nouvelle ambassade qui cette fois atteindra Paris en 1686, chargée officiellement, en la personne du père jésuite Tachard, des espoirs de Constance Phaulkon de se procurer les troupes et les hommes de confiance nécessaires à un noyautage du Siam sous son autorité. Ces bonnes relations entre les deux royaumes sont l'occasion d'un échange de cadeaux somptueux tandis que les pères missionnaires comme les Jésuites sont l'objet au Siam de la faveur royale (constructions d'édifices en particulier).
Les opinions de Paul Bernard (1892-1960) sur l'économie de l'Indochine coloniale et leur actualité
Authors: Hardy Andrew
Published: December 2013

Paul Bernard joua un rôle important dans l'analyse et le développement de l'économie de l'Indochine française pendant plus de trente ans, en tant qu'économiste et planificateur, mais aussi en tant qu'homme d'affaires. Le présent article se fonde sur les écrits de Bernard afin de présenter l'histoire économique de la colonie asiatique française. Bernard ne soutenait pas toutes les actions de l'administration coloniale de l'Indochine et, sans remettre en question le principe d'une présence française, il critiquait de façon vigoureuse les formes sous lesquelles elle se manifestait, économique et politique. L'article suit sa carrière d'analyste et d'homme d'affaires à travers le boom des investissements indochinois des années 1920, la crise mondiale des années 1930, les guerres et la planification économique pour la paix des années 1940, puis, enfin, le processus de décolonisation. Dans le contexte de cette dernière, nous abordons également les projets néocoloniaux français successifs (l'Union française, la zone franc).
Une femme globe-trotter avec Bougainville : Jeanne Barret (1740-1807)
Authors: Christinat Carole
Published: December 2013

Jeanne Barret est la première Française connue pour avoir effectué un tour du monde complet. Elle participa à l'expédition politico-scientifique de L.-A. de Bougainville de février 1767 à novembre 1768, déguisée en garçon pour suivre son compagnon, le médecin et naturaliste Ph. Commerson dont elle avait eu un fils. Tous deux botanistes, ils ont étudié la flore du Brésil, de l'Uruguay, de l'Argentine, du Chili, des archipels de l'océan Indien, Java, etc., mais n'ont rien publié. Ils ont travaillé en outre à la création du Jardin des pamplemousses à l'île Maurice où ils habitèrent. A son retour en France, le roi lui attribua une rente pour son mérite en tant qu'exploratrice. Commerson lui a dédié le turrea ou bois quivi, un arbre des Mascareignes. Différents herbiers européens contiennent des notes manuscrites de Jeanne Barret et de son compagnon.
Industriels alsaciens au Sénégal dans les années cinquante
Authors: Samuel Paul
Published: December 2013

Rédigé essentiellement à partir d'archives d'entreprises textiles alsaciennes, cet article présente les initiatives d'industriels cotonniers de cette région dont les entreprises, eu égard aux dispositions commerciales du traité de Versailles, ont dû largement réorienter, à partir des années 20, leurs courants d'échanges en particuliers en direction des marchés coloniaux considérés comme des débouchés de substitution pour leurs productions. Adossés à une solide et très ancienne maîtrise de leur art (les techniques de l'impression sur étoffe), pratiquant depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle les métiers de l'exportation, ils développent méthodiquement dans l' entre-deux-guerres leurs positions commerciales au sein de l'Empire, dans une perspective de qualité et d'innovation. A partir de la période 1945-1950, à contre-courant des orientations très conservatrices de leur profession, les manufacturiers alsaciens affrontent les risques de l'implantation industrielle en Afrique, connaissant des succès mais essuyant un échec à Rufisque au Sénégal. Le processus, qui se poursuivra jusque dans les années 80, sera largement dominé par la grande figure de Bernard Thierry-Mieg, l'un des derniers descendants du patriciat industriel mulhousien.
Louis-Gustave Binger et les Jula de Kong : une autre lecture
Authors: Simonis Francis
Published: December 2013

Dans le récit du voyage qui le conduisit des rives du Niger à la côte du golfe de Guinée de juin 1887 à mars 1889, Louis-Gustave Binger dresse un portrait très négatif de l'Africain. Inculte, stupide, paresseux et vorace, il est bien inférieur à l'Européen. Quant au sauvage, c'est un être nu et grossier qui cumule les défauts des autres Noirs, parce qu'encore à l'état de nature. Le Jula de Kong, à l'inverse, est le maître de la brousse, le nègre d'élite à la fois proche et différent mais surtout facile à comprendre. L'islam, loin de s'opposer à la civilisation et au progrès de l'influence française en Afrique, apparaît alors comme un auxiliaire potentiel du colonisateur. En fait, il semble que Binger se soit mépris sur les intentions réelles des Jula et sur leur influence. Totalement dépendant de ses guides, conseillers et protecteurs, il nous transmet l'image des sociétés soudaniennes qui avait cours à Kong, son discours permettant de saisir le système de pensée et de représentation du monde des Jula.
Les Polynésiens et les élections présidentielles : un enjeu local avant tout
Authors: Regnault Jean-Marc
Published: December 2013

French Polynesian people elect the President of France since 1965 through general franchise. Electoral rates, as well as votes results, clearly show that motivations differ between voters in French Polynesia and Metropolitan France, as well as the other departments and territories. French Polynesian citizens feel more and more stranger with metropolitan political life, since their statute provided them with a large degree of self-government. Their votecasting is influenced by directives given by their mayors who are the key persons within the political system. Indeed they constitute for themselves clients who become their « obligés ». In fact, casting votes at the time of presidential election imply the support for the mayor or a rejection. As prosperity in French Polynesia cornes to an end with the stopping of nuclear testing, would electorat behaviours change ?
Iles de Los as bulking center in the slave trade, 1750-1800
Authors: Mouser Bruce J.
Published: December 2013

Les îles de Los, situées près de Conakry en République de Guinée, étaient une plaque tournante du commerce des esclaves de la côte Windward à l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Les conditions requises pour qu'un tel endroit soit opérationnel sont un emplacement stratégique par rapport aux sources d'esclaves, des ressources naturelles sur les îles pour leur autosuffisance, un système de commerce bien défini et des arrangements spécifiques avec les propriétaires africains qui protégeaient leurs étrangers et profitaient de leur présence. Cet article décrit comment les négociants des îles se sont lancés dans ce commerce et les caractéristiques qui ont influencé leur succès sur la côte.
La vraie nature des choses et leur enchaînement entre la France, les Antilles et l'Europe (XVir-XIX' siècle)
Authors: Morineau Michel
Published: December 2013

Étude du commerce entre la France et les Antilles de 1664 au début du XIXe siècle. Analyse de la balance du commerce entre la métropole et ses colonies au XVIIIe siècle ; de la balance des paiements entre la France et l'Europe, pour les produits tropicaux, également au XVIIIe siècle. Examen de la situation économique aux Isles après la disparition de leur brillante position.
Soldats malgaches et culture française (fin du XIXe-première moitié du XXe siècle)
Authors: Valensky Chantal
Published: December 2013

Dans l'armée coloniale française, les soldats malgaches trouvent des usages culturels nouveaux relevant de traditions guerrières et républicaines qui leur sont inculquées par l'instruction. Ils deviennent des manipulateurs d'enjeux de pouvoir et de prestige auprès de la société locale. Les revendications des combattants de la Grande Guerre expriment dans l'ambiguïté cet investissement de la culture française, à des fins de détournement du système colonial, par la contestation de l'indigénat et la naturalisation.
Diplomatie et politique coloniale aux marges de la Guyane française : la France et le Maroni (1848-1892)
Authors: Bellardie Tristan
Published: December 2013

Maroni river history in French Guiana blends too often with pénal colony which had been established there on and after the middle of the last century. With new documents, this article applies to show another vision of Maroni history. Between 1848 and 1891, the river was a diplomatie stake for France and Netherlands, when the question of the original course was set by the discover in the hinterland of a division in two similar branches. When Maroni had been the frontier between French Guiana and Dutch Surinam since 1713, this division made a situation in which each of the two colonial powers wanted to obtain the sovereignty of the territory included into the confluences. For that, they had to corne to terms with Maroons descendants people living there. It is interesting to see the incidence the boundary dispute upon the French colonial policy in Maroni country. France ran her diplomacy on this issue without efficiency and, particularly, she didn't reinforce her presence in Maroni.