bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Treatment of Brain Metastases
Authors: Badiyan Shahed N. , Regine William F. , Mehta Minesh
Published: August 2016

Brain metastases are the most common intracranial malignancy. Incidence of brain metastases has risen as systemic therapies have improved and patients with metastatic disease live longer. Whole-brain radiation therapy, for many years, has been the standard treatment approach. Stereotactic radiosurgery has become an increasingly popular option because of its relatively short, convenient, and noninvasive treatment course. Although recently published data have renewed interest in use of whole-brain radiation therapy or systemic therapies for control of micrometastatic disease, stereotactic radiosurgery continues to be an important modality, capable of delivering ablative doses of radiation for long-term control of macroscopic disease. The purpose of this review is to explore the different paradigms for incorporation of stereotactic radiosurgery into management of brain metastases. Current uses for stereotactic radiosurgery include delivery as a boost with whole-brain radiation therapy; alone for patients with a limited number of brain metastases; in pre- or postoperative settings; and in combination with systemic, targeted, and immune-based therapies. Mature prospective data on use of stereotactic radiosurgery in combination with whole-brain radiation therapy is available; however, prospective, randomized data on stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with a greater number of brain metastases, its use in pre- and postoperative settings, and its use in combination with systemic therapies are limited. Data from ongoing and future studies are needed to define the appropriate use of stereotactic radiosurgery in these settings.
Closed-Loop Delivery Systems Versus Manually Controlled Administration of Total IV Anesthesia: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Pasin Laura , Nardelli Pasquale , Pintaudi Margherita , Greco Massimiliano , Zambon Massimo , Cabrini Luca , Zangrillo Alberto
Published: August 2016

Bispectral Index Scale (BIS)-guided closed-loop delivery of anesthetics has been extensively studied. We performed a meta-analysis of all the randomized clinical trials comparing efficacy and performance between BIS-guided closed-loop delivery and manually controlled administration of total IV anesthesia. Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of clinical trials were searched for pertinent studies. Inclusion criteria were random allocation to treatment and closed-loop delivery systems versus manually controlled administration of total IV anesthesia in any surgical setting. Exclusion criteria were duplicate publications and nonadult studies. Twelve studies were included, randomly allocating 1284 patients. Use of closed-loop anesthetic delivery systems was associated with a significant reduction in the dose of propofol administered for induction of anesthesia (mean difference [MD] = 0.37 [0.17–0.57], P for effect <0.00001, P for heterogeneity = 0.001, I
2 = 74%) and a significant reduction in recovery time (MD = 1.62 [0.60–2.64], P for effect <0.0001, P for heterogeneity = 0.06, I
2 = 47%). The target depth of anesthesia was preserved more frequently with closed-loop anesthetic delivery than with manual control (MD = −15.17 [−23.11 to −7.24], P for effect <0.00001, P for heterogeneity <0.00001, I
2 = 83%). There were no differences in the time required to induce anesthesia and the total propofol dose. Closed-loop anesthetic delivery performed better than manual-control delivery. Both median absolute performance error and wobble index were significantly lower in closed-loop anesthetic delivery systems group (MD = 5.82 [3.17–8.46], P for effect <0.00001, P for heterogeneity <0.00001, I
2 = 90% and MD = 0.92 [0.13–1.72], P for effect = 0.003, P for heterogeneity = 0.07, I
2 = 45%). When compared with manual control, BIS-guided anesthetic delivery of total IV anesthesia reduces propofol requirements during induction, better maintains a target depth of anesthesia, and reduces recovery time.
Analyzing compound activity records and promiscuity degrees in light of publication statistics
Authors: Hu Ye , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: August 2016

For the generation of contemporary databases of bioactive compounds, activity information is usually extracted from the scientific literature. However, when activity data are analyzed, source publications are typically no longer taken into consideration. Therefore, compound activity data selected from ChEMBL were traced back to thousands of original publications, activity records including compound, assay, and target information were systematically generated, and their distributions across the literature were determined. In addition, publications were categorized on the basis of activity records. Furthermore, compound promiscuity, defined as the ability of small molecules to specifically interact with multiple target proteins, was analyzed in light of publication statistics, thus adding another layer of information to promiscuity assessment. It was shown that the degree of compound promiscuity was not influenced by increasing numbers of source publications. Rather, most non-promiscuous as well as promiscuous compounds, regardless of their degree of promiscuity, originated from single publications, which emerged as a characteristic feature of the medicinal chemistry literature.
Sources of type III solar microwave bursts
Authors: Жданов Дмитрий , Zhdanov Dmitriy , Лесовой Сергей , Lesovoi Sergey , Тохчукова Сусанна , Tokhchukova Susanna
Published: August 2016

Microwave fine structures allow us to study plasma evolution in an energy release region. The Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT) is a unique instrument designed to examine fine structures at 5.7 GHz. A complex analysis of data from RATAN-600, 4–8 GHz spectropolarimeter, and SSRT, simultaneously with EUV data, made it possible to localize sources of III type microwave bursts in August 10, 2011 event within the entire frequency band of burst occurrence, as well as to determine the most probable region of primary energy release. To localize sources of III type bursts from RATAN-600 data, an original method for data processing has been worked out. At 5.7 GHz, the source of bursts was determined along two coordinates, whereas at 4.5, 4.7, 4.9, 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, and 6.0 GHz, their locations were identified along one coordinate. The size of the burst source at 5.1 GHz was found to be maximum as compared to those at other frequencies.
Some peculiarities in longitude distribution of sunspot groups over last four eleven-year solar cycles
Authors: Рыбак Алексей , Rybak Alexey
Published: August 2016

This paper considers a longitude distribution of sunspot groups over 1982–2013, using data from the National Geophysical Data Center (Boulder, USA). The space-time distribution of sunspot groups is analyzed in coordinate sectors calculated from heliographic longitudes of the groups. A longitude extent of a coordinate sector is compared to the average size of one active region (30–40°). Then, in each coordinate sector, evolutionary activity of sunspot groups is summarized according to classification values after Malde throughout the observation period. The longitude distribution of large sunspot groups plotted in such a way does not reveal anticorrelation between Northern and Southern hemispheres in sunspot cycle 23.
Modeling of Doppler frequency shift in multipath radio channels
Authors: Пензин Максим , Penzin Maksim , Ильин Николай , Ilyin Nikolay
Published: August 2016

We discuss the modeling of propagation of a quasi-monochromatic radio signal, represented by a coherent pulse sequence, in a non-stationary multipath radio channel. In such a channel, signal propagation results in the observed frequency shift for each ray (Doppler effect). The modeling is based on the assumption that during propagation of a single pulse a channel can be considered stationary. A phase variation in the channel transfer function is shown to cause the observed frequency shift in the received signal. Thus, instead of measuring the Doppler frequency shift, we can measure the rate of variation in the mean phase of one pulse relative to another. The modeling is carried out within the framework of the method of normal waves. The method enables us to model the dynamics of the electromagnetic field at a given point with the required accuracy. The modeling reveals that a local change in ionospheric conditions more severely affects the rays whose reflection region is in the area where the changes occur.
Contribution to the knowledge of Heteroptera (Hemiptera) fauna of Turkey
Authors: Çerçi Barış , Koçak Özgür
Published: August 2016

This study is based on material of the suborder Heteroptera collected and photographed from different provinces of Turkey between 2011 and 2015. In this study, 15 species belonging to 9 families are recorded from various provinces of Turkey. All of the species listed include remarks on their known distribution either in Turkey or in worldwide. Among them 12 species are new for the Heteroptera fauna of Turkey. In addition it is found out that Pasira marinadolina Putshkov & Moulet, 2003 could also have bicolored connexivum.
Cultural policies and local development: The Portuguese case
Authors: Silva Augusto Santos , Babo Elisa Pérez , Guerra Paula
Published: August 2016

In Portugal, two levels of public policy implementation are relevant: the national, under government responsibility, and the local, under the responsibility of municipalities. The importance of municipalities in defining cultural public policies has grown, given the expense and the responsibility in launching and managing cultural equipment and arts support. The growing significance of municipalities in the cultural-public-policies scene takes place along with the growing importance of culture in the context of their development policies. The two movements cannot be dissociated. This review considers some critical issues, from the perspective of academic research and planning: namely, the autonomy of local policies in a country marked by the territorial concentration of resources; the interaction between public policies and structural properties of urban areas; the suitability of municipal policies to new cultural forms, audiences, consumer practices and cultural production; and the local challenges in plans of social support, financial resources, governance and sustainability.
Memórias de uma Independência, Memórias de um Filme
Authors: Cordeiro Dias Inês
Published: August 2016

Recensão crítica do livro Uhuru. Stamp. Genealogy. Anatomy, de Catarina Simão (Bratislava: Apart Label, 2015) 91p.
Morphological and Biochemical Responses to Gibberellic Acid in Magnolia × ‘Spectrum’ in Vitro
Authors: Wojtania Agnieszka , Skrzypek Edyta , Gabryszewska Eleonora
Published: August 2016

The total soluble sugar content and antioxidant enzyme activities were studied for the first time during axillary shoot formation inMagnolia× ‘Spectrum’ in vitro in response to BAP (0.3 mg l−1), different levels of gibberellic acid (GA3; 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg l−1), sucrose (20 and 30 g l−1) and nitrogen salts (KNO3/NH4NO3; 100/100% and 75/50% relative to MS medium). Among various GA3and sucrose/nitrogen salts ratios, the most effective axillary multiplication (5.9 shoots/explant) and leaf formation (25.7 leaves per multiplied clumps) were obtained after addition of GA3at 0.1 mg l−1to a BAP medium containing 20 g l−1sucrose and reduced levels of nitrogen salts (75% KNO3and 50% NH4NO3). The addition of GA3to the BAP medium enhanced shoot formation by 36% and leaf formation by 27%. The highest shoot formation capacity ofM.× ‘Spectrum’ in vitro coincided with enhanced levels of soluble sugar and peroxidase (POD) activity. Increasing GA3concentration from 0.1 to 1.0 mg l−1in the above medium resulted in inhibition of shoot and leaf formation and a decrease in the soluble sugar content. The influence of GA3on the activities of catalase (CAT) and POD depended on its concentration and the levels of sucrose and nitrogen salts in the medium. The highest increase in CAT and POD activities, that coincided with the enhanced shoot formation capacity ofM.× ‘Spectrum’ in vitro, was observed after addition of GA3to the medium containing high levels of sucrose and nitrogen salts.
Wear Resistance of Piston Sleeve Made of Layered Material Structure: MMC A356R, Anti-Abrasion Layer and FGM Interface
Authors: Hernik Szymon
Published: August 2016

The aim of this paper is the numerical analysis of the one of main part of car engine – piston sleeve. The first example is for piston sleeve made of metal matrix composite (MMC) A356R. The second improved material structure is layered. Both of them are comparison to the classical structure of piston sleeve made of Cr-Ni stainless steel. The layered material structure contains the anti-abrasion layer at the inner surface of piston sleeve, where the contact and friction is highest, FGM (functionally graded material) interface and the layer of virgin material on the outer surface made of A356R. The complex thermo-elastic model with Archard's condition as a wear law is proposed. The piston sleeve is modelling as a thin walled cylindrical axisymmetric shell. The coupled between the formulation of thermo-elasticity of cylindrical axisymmetric shell and the Archard’s law with functionally changes of local hardness is proposed.
Suggested Research Method for Testing Selected Tribological Properties of Friction Components in Vehicle Braking Systems
Authors: Borawski Andrzej
Published: August 2016

The braking system is one of the most important systems in any vehicle. Its proper functioning may determine the health and life the people inside the vehicle as well as other road users. Therefore, it is important that the parameters which characterise the functioning of brakes changed as little as possible throughout their lifespan. Multiple instances of heating and cooling of the working components of the brake system as well as the environment they work in may impact their tribological properties. This article describes a method of evaluating the coefficient of friction and the wear speed of abrasive wear of friction working components of brakes. The methodology was developed on the basis of Taguchi’s method of process optimization.
Dynamics of the Non-Contact Roundness Measurement with Air Gages
Authors: Jermak Czesław Janusz , Rucki Mirosław
Published: August 2016

The paper presents the results of investigations on the air gages dynamic characteristics in the measurement of the round profiles of motor cylinders. The principle of the measuring device is explained, and the analysis of the air gages dynamics is described. The results of dynamic calibration enabled to eliminate those configurations of air gages that may not meet the requirements of the measurement they were designed for. After the proper air gages were chosen, the entire system underwent the accuracy test and passed it successfully revealing the method accuracy better than 10% compared to the reference measurement.
A Simple Proof of the Polar Decomposition Theorem
Authors: Wójcik Paweł
Published: August 2016

In this expository paper, we present a new and easier proof of the Polar Decomposition Theorem. Unlike in classical proofs, we do not use the square root of a positive matrix. The presented proof is accessible to a broad audience.
The influence of selected parameters on the efficiency and economic charactersistics of the oxy-type coal unit with a membrane-cryogenic oxygen separator
Authors: Kotowicz Janusz , Berdowska Sylwia
Published: August 2016

In this paper a 600 MW oxy-type coal unit with a pulverized bed boiler and a membrane-cryogenic oxygen separator and carbon capture installation was analyzed. A membrane-cryogenic oxygen separation installation consists of a membrane module and two cryogenic distillation columns. In this system oxygen is produced with the purity equal to 95%. Installation of carbon capture was based on the physical separation method and allows to reduce the CO2emission by 90%. In this work the influence of the main parameter of the membrane process – the selectivity coefficient, on the efficiency of the coal unit was presented. The economic analysis with the use of the break-even point method was carried out. The economic calculations were realized in view of the break-even price of electricity depending on a coal unit availability.
Numerical simulation of thermal-hydraulic processes in the riser chamber of installation for clinker production
Authors: Borsuk Grzegorz , Dobrowolski Bolesław , Nowosielski Grzegorz , Wydrych Jacek , Duda Jerzy
Published: August 2016

Clinker burning process has a decisive influence on energy consumption and the cost of cement production. A new problem is to use the process of decarbonization of alternative fuels from waste. These issues are particularly important in the introduction of a two-stage combustion of fuel in a rotary kiln without the typical reactor-decarbonizator. This work presents results of numerical studies on thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the riser chamber, which will be designed to burn fuel in the system where combustion air is supplied separately from the clinker cooler. The mathematical model is based on a combination of two methods of motion description: Euler description for the gas phase and Lagrange description for particles. Heat transfer between particles of raw material and gas was added to the numerical calculations. The main aim of the research was finding the correct fractional distribution of particles. For assumed particle distribution on the first stage of work, authors noted that all particles were carried away by the upper outlet to the preheater tower, what is not corresponding to the results of experimental studies. The obtained results of calculations can be the basis for further optimization of the design and operating conditions in the riser chamber with the implementation of the system.
Lah numbers, Laguerre polynomials of order negative one, and the nth derivative of exp(1/x)
Authors: Boyadzhiev Khristo N.
Published: August 2016

In this note we point out interesting connections among Lah numbers, Laguerre polynomials of order negative one, and exponential polynomials. We also discuss several different expressions for the nth derivative of exp(1/x). A new representation of this derivative is given in terms of exponential polynomials.
Stability of the solutions of nonlinear third order differential equations with multiple deviating arguments
Authors: Remili Moussadek , Oudjedi Lynda Damerdji
Published: August 2016

In this paper, with use of Lyapunov functional, we investigate asymptotic stability of solutions of some nonlinear differential equations of third order with delay. Our results include and improve some well-known results in the literature.
The Sincerity of Questioned People
Authors: Haller István
Published: August 2016

Applying questionnaires is one of the basic methodologies in sociology. Usually sociologists consider that choosing a representative sample and properly formulated questions, the results will show real characteristics of the society. But the following main question should always be analyzed: are people sincere? Psychology proved that we try to meet the society's expectation. In this way the answers do not represent the questioned person’s thought, but what they considered expect from society. The present study analyzes the sincerity of police officers, asked to complete a questionnaire for a scientific purpose, respecting the principle of anonymity. The results show that around 2/3 of the questioned persons did not give sincere answers, offering importance for an inexistent person (Schnade). By analyzing the answers to another question (the importance of the television and the bicycle for the questioned persons), it was found that insincere people could be not easily excluded: the sincerity is changing from question to question; some persons are sincere regarding a specific domain and not sincere in another domain.
Ubuntu and Capabilities Approach: Basic Doctrines for Calibrating Humanitarian Action
Authors: Rapatsa Mashele
Published: August 2016

This article explores prospects of using Ubuntu and Capabilities Approach to expand the scope of humanitarian action, to design one which serves humanity better even in the absence of disaster to essentially fulfil human development needs. It is considerate of the fact that humanitarian works contributes immensely in determining the extent to which humanity thrives. The traditional view on humanitarianism presupposes action-driven initiatives geared towards devising interventions to restore or reinforce human social order, improve livelihoods and quality of life. In sociological terms, human development is dependent on realizing and safeguarding, amongst others, human well-being, civil liberties and social security. The article utilizes core values enshrined in Ubuntu, Africa’s historic philosophy of life, and Amartya Sen’s Capabilities Approach as tools of analysis, with the view to expressing how to operationalize what should be considered stable humanitarian conditions and human well-being. Owing to persistent socio-economic challenges, especially the poverty problem, it is asserted that humanitarian action ought to depart from being a post-disaster intervention strategy, to being a pro-active and preventative pre-disaster orientated action, intended to nurture well-being and resultantly enable human development.
Parasites of edible land snails in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Igbinosa I. B. , Isaac C. , Adamu H. O. , Adeleke G.
Published: August 2016

Land snails are sources of protein to man and are hosts to a number of parasites. It is imperative that the roles of the snail hosts and parasites are clearly defined. Before then however, the parasites of the different land snails collected in any locality should be identified. Land snails were collected in the wild in both dry and wet seasons. The internal organs and the faeces were examined for the presence of parasite. In the rainy season of 2015, a total of 272 snails were collected across four major towns (Benin, Uromi, Ekpoma and Auchi) in Edo State, Nigeria, while in the dry season, fewer snails (n=91) were handpicked. The snail species seen are: Achatina achatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Achatina fulica (Férussac, 1821), Acharchatina marginata (Swainson, 1982), Limicolaria aurora (Jay, 1839), L. flammea (Müller, 1774) and Limicolariopsis spp. The larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were isolated from the various snail species with overall prevalence of 54.04 %. Snails positive with Alaria mesocercariae were L. aurora, L. flammea and Limicolariopsis spp. Additionally, few L. flammea were positive of the cercariae of Drocoelium dedriticum. Meanwhile, some samples of A. fulica harboured larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonesis, sporocysts of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma mansoni. Therefore, these edible snails could pose serious health hazard to man and animals by serving as a possible alternative parasite transmission route.
Human case of visceral larva migrans syndrome: pulmonary and hepatic involvement
Authors: Almatary A. M. , Bakir H. Y.
Published: August 2016

Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM) syndrome is commonly caused by larvae of roundwormsToxocara canisorToxocara cati. Human toxocarosis is a soil-transmitted zoonosis, which may result in partial or general pathological changes in host tissues. We reported a case of 14-year-old boy presented with severe dry cough without dyspnea, mild chest and abdominal pain with general fatigue. Examination of peripheral blood showed marked increase in eosinophils. The chest radiography showed an infiltrative shadow in the lung fields. Chest CT demonstrated multiple opacities in both lungs. Abdominal CT showed multiple low attenuation areas in the liver. Ultrasound guided liver biopsy revealed granulomas with severe eosinophilic infiltration. The boy was treated with albendazole and responded radically. It is worth mentioning that this is the first case of hepato-pulmonary VLM syndrome in Egypt.
Depressive symptoms, hostility, and hopelessness in inner-city adolescent health clinic patients: factor structure and demographic correlates
Authors: Pajer Kathleen A. , Edwards Michael C. , Lourie Andrea E. , Fields Sherecce , Kalman Savannah
Published: August 2016

Background:

Depression, hostility, and hopelessness are risk factors for adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). People living in inner-city environments are particularly vulnerable. These associations may begin in adolescence, but research in this area is hampered by inadequate knowledge about how these negative psychological factors are related in teens and how they are affected by demographic characteristics. We hypothesized that depression, hostility, and hopelessness are one construct, and that this construct would be associated with race and gender in attendees at an inner-city adolescent health clinic.

Methods:

Two hundred and forty-six 15–18-year-old patients filled out instruments measuring depressive symptoms, hostility, and hopelessness. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine whether the negative psychological factors comprised a single construct or three separate ones. General linear modeling (GLM) was used to test the associations between demographic characteristics and the results of the factor analysis.

Results:

Depressive symptoms, hostility, and hopelessness were best characterized as three separate constructs, not one (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.041, 90% confidence interval (CI)=(0.035, 0.047), comparative fit index (CFI)=0.98). There were no significant relationships between demographic variables and depressive symptoms or hostility. Six percent of the variance in hopelessness scores was accounted for by gender, race, and the interaction between the two (F=3.76; p=0.006), with White males, reporting the highest levels of hopelessness.

Conclusion:

In an urban adolescent health clinic population, depressive symptoms, hostility, and hopelessness were best understood as three separate constructs. Hopelessness was significantly higher in White males. Implications for future clinical research on negative psychological factors in teens are discussed.
How ideas of transformative learning can inform academic blogging
Authors: Hammond Michael
Published: August 2016

This paper looks at blogging by academics and argues that there is a niche role for an academic blog informed by principles of transformative learning. I begin by describing my experiences of blogging, first, as a reader while carrying out my own doctoral research, next, as a teacher introducing blogs to my students, then as a writer of my own journal blog. I suggest that transformative learning principles provide a frame of reference for understanding these experiences, in particular, by offering an idea of autonomy which puts subjective experience in social contexts. I then suggest that academics interested in transformative learning might learn a more engaging style of writing from bloggers.
A Child of the City: a Longitudinal Study of Stratification and Migration in a Rajasthan Village
Authors: Jones J Howard M
Published: August 2016

By reference to a multi-caste and tribal village in southern Rajasthan the paper examines the degree to which caste and tribal membership impacts on different aspects of migration, e.g. commencement, form, destination, duration, and types of work undertaken. Using a livelihoods approach, supplemented by other perspectives and concentrating on four migration streams (three domestic, one international), data collected over a period of nearly thirty-five years indicates that patterns of migration are far from random. It is argued that the use of official stratification categories in migration surveys can obscure important differences within caste groupings. Short-term circular migration, underestimated in national surveys, is shown to be substantial, especially for the tribal migrants in the village. While position in the social structure differentially affects aspects of migration across the village hierarchy, examples are given of individual migrant agency overcoming structural constraints.
Remembrance and Architecture the House of Fates Project
Authors: Benárd Aurél
Published: August 2016

The changes which took place a quarter of a century ago in the countries of Europe’s Eastern Bloc transformed the social conventions of the time. A kind of social dialog has been started, about the Holocaust amongst other things. New memorials and monuments dedicated to the Holocaust have been constructed in the countries of the region as a result. Several phases can be identified in the building of monuments to the Holocaust over the past 25 years. These changes in the process of recollection and in the building of the monuments themselves are typified by the House of Fates project. The memorial center was built in Budapest for the 70th anniversary of the Holocaust. But the changes in recollection did not stop there, did not come to a standstill in Hungary. It is a mark of the sensitivity of the subject that although the center was finished by the fall of 2015, it has still not opened its gates to the public. In the meantime the project has appeared in several Hungarian professional journals, however these articles do not venture far beyond the realm of basic description. Here we are attempting to analyze the project architecturally. Our analysis shows how the initial usage of primary symbols turns to more contemplative, more abstract images and devices.
Why Hayek is Right against Keynes?
Authors: Salin Pascal
Published: August 2016

It is argued in that paper that Hayek came out the winner in the debate opposing him to Keynes. Keynes argued in favour of specific economic policies without a prior analysis of the causes of business cycles. His discussion of economic policy is backed on an ad hoc account of cycles that would, according to him, be based on the irrationality of economic actors and the non-effectiveness of price adjustments. As a result, he says, quantities have to adjust which leads to unemployment. Hayek and the Austrians propose, by contrast, a well-articulated theory of business cycles rooted in a micro-economic approach (agents are rational, albeit badly informed). This leads them to identify the source of the cycle in monetary shocks. In our modern economies, as in the Austrian theory, economic policies conducted by the states are the main driver of the cycles. The consequences of this analysis in terms of economic policy are clear: When excessive regulation and fiscal burden cause a recession the solution must be found in tax cuts and deregulation, not in (Keynesian) monetary or fiscal policies that will do nothing but foster mal-investment.
The Effects of Homocysteine Level in the Critically Ill Patient. A Review
Authors: Bedreag Ovidiu Horea , Rogobete Alexandru Florin , Sandesc Dorel , Cradigati Carmen Alina , Sarandan Mirela , Nartita Radu , Dumache Raluca , Diaconu Mihai Mircea , Papurica Marius
Published: August 2016

Increased levels of homocysteine (HCYS) represent a risk factor for a series of physiopathological conditions: mental retardation, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, depression, osteoporosis, endothelial dysfunction and inhibition of cell proliferation. This paper aims to present the pathophysiological implications of HCYS and the correlation of hyperhomocysteinemia (H-HCYS) with critical condition in the intensive care unit (ICU). Hypovitaminosis B and folate deficiency is directly involved in the inhibition of HCYS metabolism and the accumulation of HCYS in the plasma and tissues. Critically ill patients are more prone to H-HCYS due to hypermetabolism and accelerated synthesis produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion it can be affirmed that the determination and monitoring of HCYS plasma levels may be of interest in optimizing the therapy for critically ill patients. Moreover, by controlling HCYS levels, and implicitly the essential cofactors that intervene in the specific biochemical pathways, such as vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folic acid can provide a diversified and personalized treatment for each patient.
Binary to Octal and Octal to Binary Code Converter Using Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for High Speed Communication
Authors: Pal Amrindra , Kumar Santosh , Sharma Sandeep
Published: August 2016

Binary to octal and octal to binary code converter is a device that allows placing digital information from many inputs to many outputs. Any application of combinational logic circuit can be implemented by using external gates. In this paper, binary to octal and octal to binary code converter is proposed using electro-optic effect inside lithium-niobate based Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). The MZI structures have powerful capability to switching an optical input signal to a desired output port. The paper constitutes a mathematical description of the proposed device and thereafter simulation using MATLAB. The study is verified using beam propagation method (BPM).
Fourfold increase in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus after adoption of the new International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria
Authors: Huhn Evelyn A. , Massaro Nadine , Streckeisen Simone , Manegold-Brauer Gwendolin , Schoetzau Andreas , Schulzke Sven M. , Winzeler Bettina , Hoesli Irene , Lapaire Olav
Published: August 2016

Background:

The aim was to evaluate the influence of the new International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) guidelines for screening of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on GDM prevalence in a cohort from a Swiss tertiary hospital.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study involving all pregnant women who were screened for GDM between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. From 2008 until 2010 (period 1), a two-step approach with 1-h 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) was used, followed by fasting, 1- and 2-h glucose measurements after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in case of a positive GCT. From 2010 until 2013 (period 2), all pregnant women were tested with a one-step 75 g OGTT according to new IADPSG guidelines. In both periods, women with risk factors could be screened directly with a 75 g OGTT in early pregnancy.

Results:

Overall, 647 women were eligible for the study in period 1 and 720 in period 2. The introduction of the IADPSG criteria resulted in an absolute increase of GDM prevalence of 8.5% (3.3% in period 1 to 11.8% in period 2).

Conclusions:

The adoption of the IADPSG criteria resulted in a considerable increase in GDM diagnosis in our Swiss cohort. Further studies are needed to investigate if the screening is cost effective and if treatment of our additionally diagnosed GDM mothers might improve short-term as well as long-term outcome.
Effects of Discrete Damping on the Dynamic Behaviour of Rotating Shaft through Extended Lagrangian Formulation
Authors: Rastogi Vikas
Published: August 2016

The main focus of the paper is touted as effects of discrete damping on the dynamic analysis of rotating shaft. The whole analysis is being carried out through extended Lagrangian formulation for a discrete – continuous system. The variation formulation for this system is possible, considering the continuous system as one-dimensional. The generalized formulation for one dimensional continuous rotary shaft with discrete external damper has been obtained through principle of variation. Using this extended formulation, the invariance of umbra-Lagrangian density through extended Noether’s theorem is achieved. Rayleigh beam model is used to model the shaft. Amplitude equation of rotor is obtained theoretically and validated through simulation results. The simulation results reveal the important phenomena of limiting dynamics of the rotor shaft, which is due to an imbalance of material damping and stiffness of the rotor shaft. The regenerative energy in the rotor shaft, induced due to elasticity/stiffness of the rotor shaft, is dissipated partially through the in-span discrete damper and also through the dissipative coupling between drive and the rotor shaft. In such cases, the shaft speed will not increase with increase in excitation frequency of the rotor but the slip between the drive and the shaft increases due to loading of drive.
Study of Heat Transfer with Nonlinear Thermal Radiation on Sinusoidal Motion of Magnetic Solid Particles in a Dusty Fluid
Authors: Bhatti M. M. , Zeeshan A. , Ellahi R.
Published: August 2016

In this article, heat transfer with nonlinear thermal radiation on sinusoidal motion of magnetic solid particles in a dust Jeffrey fluid has been studied. The effects of Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and hall current are also taken under consideration. The governing equation of motion and energy equation are modelled with help of Ohms law for fluid and dust phases. The solutions of the resulting ordinary coupled partial differential equations are solved analytically. The impact of all the physical parameters of interest such as Hartmann number, slip parameter, Hall parameter, radiation parameter, Prandtl number, Eckert number and particle volume fraction are demonstrated mathematically and graphically. Trapping mechanism is also discussed in detail by drawing contour lines. The present analysis affirms many interesting behaviours, which permit further study on solid particles motion with heat and mass transfer.
Crystal structure of aqua(μ2-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylato-κ3
O,O′:O′′)-(μ2-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylato-κ2
O,O′)cadmium(II) 1.5 hydrate, C62H60N6Cd2O19F2
Authors: Zhu Ling , Hu Yong-Jun , An Zhe , Zhou Tian
Published: August 2016

C62H60N6Cd2O19F2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.749(4)Å, b = 12.884(5) Å, c = 13.869(5) Å, α = 70.103(4)°, β = 80.201(4)°, γ = 68.648(4)°, V = 1523.3(10) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0549, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1716, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of dimethanolo-bis[μ-(2-(2-(5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenoxy)benzoato)-κ5
O,O′,N:N′,N′′]dicopper(II) — methanol (1/2), C46H48Cu2N8O12
Authors: Qiang Li Guo , Hong He Jia , Yun Hui Cai , Xu Qiang
Published: August 2016

C46H32Cu2N8O12, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 9.5638(9)Å, b = 20.2142(19) Å, c = 12.0825(11) Å, β = 94.696(1)°, V = 2328.0(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0273, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0711, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of 5-(4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium 7-carboxy-1,3-dioxo-1H,3H-benzo[de]isochromene-6-carboxylate monohydrate 4,5-anhydride, C24H16N6O8
Authors: Sheng Liang-Quan , Xu Hua-Jie
Published: August 2016

C6H25Br3N2O3P2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.9705(10) Å, b = 25.494(3) Å, c = 10.2372(12) Å, β = 112.888(2)°, V = 2156.8(49) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0467, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1296, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-(2-bromophenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylic acid, C12H13BrO4
Authors: Jia Guo-Kai , Yuan Lin , Zhang Min , Yuan Xian-You , Liu Fang
Published: August 2016

C12H14BrO4, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 9.599(2) Å, b = 14.399(3) Å, c = 9.2361(19) Å, β = 100.182(2)°, V = 1256.5(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0285, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0779, T = 296(2) K.
Development and Validation of Project Management Constructs of Security Door Access Control Systems: A Pilot Study in Macau
Authors: Chan Brenda Wing Han , Lei Chi Tong
Published: August 2016

A Security Door Access Control System (SDACS) project involves a number of teams from different organizations with diverse project goals. One of the main challenges of such projects is the lack of a standard approach or common understanding to achieve a common goal among project parties. This research examines various management concerns for SDACS projects, highlights the expected common understanding for project participants, develops the project management constructs, and emphasizes on the resulting value of the project to all participants. A two-stage process of scale development and validation was conducted. First, six generic constructs were identified based on the Security Access Control System Framework. Next, a multi-item scale for each construct was developed with reference to the Result-Oriented Management Framework. Expert judges were invited to conduct manual sorting of the items iteratively until reliability and validity was reached. In the next stage, further refinement and validation were carried out with a synthesized survey instrument and a series of statistical testing followed. The finalized SDACS project management constructs and the related findings help reinforce the importance of a standardized management practice for SDACS projects. The value of this research not only benefits SDACS project managers but everyone who works on the project.
Theoretical perspectives upon the return to work of cancer patients: The difficult path of integration in the organization
Authors: Popa Radu-Ioan
Published: August 2016

The present article follows an in-depth analysis of several relevant articles and major findings concerning the return to work of cancer patients, in various situations, from a manager and patient point of view, putting into discussion the effects and consequences of different factors that may influence the well-being of the patient at work and impact the organizational life. The concepts of returning to work and integration are scarcely analysed throughout the scholarly literature in the case of employees diagnosed with cancer, due to several reasons presented in the paper: from the complex topic of investigation that many studies fail to approach in terms of confidentiality, technical, ethical and moral grounds to the specific and difficult apparatus for research in the case of an even more complex, multiple instances and personalized manifestation long-term illness. In conclusion, the general framework solicits for a more integrated model of research and future multi-facet schemes for interventions, considering that there is a general consensus focusing on the need for connecting the health services with the employee and employer level, alongside stakeholders’ active participation.
Determining Spatial Parameters of the Ecological Niche of Parus Major (Passeriformes, Paridae) on the Base of Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Zimaroeva А. A. , Zhukov O. V. , Ponomarenko O. L.
Published: August 2016

Using factor analysis of ecological niches, we found that Parus major has high marginality to such ecogeographical variables (EGVs), as normalized difference vegetation index, the altitude above sea level, the diffuse insolation, activity of chlorophyll, normalized difference water index. This species is highly specialized in relation to various vegetation indices. Based on the type of habitat preference map, we found that Parus major doesn’t implement all its potential pro-spatial niche. Considering the ecological niche of great tit on different levels of scale, we noticed certain features: first, a list of factors that influence the distribution of great tit significantly altered by changing the scale, secondly, the factors that play a significant role in spreading Parus major on level of total consideration losing their weight and relevance on closer inspection (when the scale down); third, although specialization of great tits changes with the scale of consideration but Parus major mostly specialized by vegetation index.
Genetic Divergence of the Species of the Yellow Wagtails Group (Passeriformes, Motacillidae) in European Territory of Russia
Authors: Artemieva E. A. , Mishchenko A. V. , Makarov D. K.
Published: August 2016

Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of populations of species of the yellow wagtails in the space of their ranges in a wide sympatry reflects the mechanisms of reproductive isolation of species and forms of subspecies rank and features of microevolution group - polytypic complex Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758. The distribution of species of the yellow wagtails in the European part of Russia is sympatric. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sympatric settlement led to any genetic separation between the populations of these species. 20 blood samples and 2 samples of eggs collected in areas geographically representing the MID and the southern Russian breeding populations of these species, including all juvenile ringed in 2012, were used. After the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 4 types of the yellow wagtails group Motacilla flava L., 1758; M. feldegg Michahelles, 1830; M. lutea (S. G. Gmelin, 1774); M. cilreola Pallas, 1776 (Passeriformes, Motacillidae) were sequenced. After aligning the sequences of the gene cytochrome oxidase I, based on the comparison of genetic distances between these species phylogenetic tree of genus Motacilla was constructed. These results suggest that, despite the broad sympatry in nesting places, there is a selective mating between males and females of each species studied in spite of the free crossing and insulating mechanisms in populations.
Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad’s Nation of Islam
Authors: Curtis Edward E.
Published: August 2016

This article explores the centrality of science and technology to religious thought and practice in Elijah Muhammad’s Nation of Islam from the 1950s through the 1970s. Tracing the dynamic meanings of scientific knowledge in the context of the postwar United States, the article’s central argument is that like other UFO and extraterrestrial religions, the Nation of Islam emphasized scientific, material, and empirical over spiritual and supernatural understandings of religion. It also suggests how members of this new religious movement studied and attempted to live according to the scientific and mathematical principles derived from their prophet’s cosmological, ontological, and eschatological teachings on the nature of God, the origins and destiny of the black race, and the beginning and end of white supremacy.
God’s Strange Messengers
Authors: Schmidt Daved Anthony
Published: August 2016

This essay examines the relationship between the thought and ministry of Carl McIntire and the subject of flying saucers. McIntire was a prominent American fundamentalist in the middle decades of the twentieth century. His interest in UFOs culminated in 1973 with the formation of the 20th Century UFO Bureau. McIntire and his associate Robert “Bob” Barry provide an opportunity to build upon recent scholarship that explores the ways Christians positively engaged the subject of flying saucers. I argue that his conservatism led to his interest the subject and that he drew from both theological and Theosophical influences to form his interpretation. I argue further that, understood within the context of his broader ministry, his interest arose from what he perceived to be the religious challenges brought about by space exploration. McIntire’s interests ultimately demonstrate the malleability of Christian “orthodoxy,” even among its most staunch defenders.