bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance Method to Determine Oil Saturation Factors Research
Authors: Dong Jie Nan , Su Xu , Liu Lian Feng , Wei Hong Zhan , Ning Cheng Long
Published: September 2013

Studying the distribution of the remaining oil is a crucial part in the process of developing oilfield. This study provides the further improvement of oil recovery rate with strong guarantee, and is a necessary method of developing further water controlling of individual reservoir oilfield. Saturation measurement techniques for remaining oil distribution research are particularly important. This paper describes the research of ways of measuring saturation in the resistance measurement experiment, the standard resistance - saturation curve and the factors influencing it. The results show that for different electrode installation, standard curve is mainly affected by the electrode distance. Standard curve is also greatly affected by water salinity, temperature and the difference in corespermeability.
New Strong Inhibitory Polyamine Drilling Fluid System Research in Yubei Area
Authors: Huang Wan Long , Lou Yi Shan , Zhu Liang , Li Zhong Hui
Published: September 2013

Yubei area exist thick mud shale, mudstone, gypsum mudstone and high pressure brine formation. In the course of drilling, the problems are most conspicuous which include well bore instability, bit balling and so on. In allusion to complex formation and complex accident, the polyamine form strong inhibitory polyamine collapse prevention drilling fluid on the basis of KCl-polysulfonate drilling fluid system was used in Yubei area. After the analysis on the mechanism of the strong inhibitory polyamine polymer drilling fluid system, the polyamine performance evaluation test made in laboratory shows that the drilling fluid system has good rheological property, high temperature resistance, clay and salt water pollution resistance. This drilling fluid system cooperate with KCl improve the ability of inhibition of drilling fluid, meet the requirements of stabilize borehole wall, which carried on the field test in YB A well has obtained good application effect.
Study on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fracturing Coalbed Gas Method
Authors: Zhang Ying Xin , Wang Peng Fei , Yang Jie , Li Guang Qi
Published: September 2013

The difference between coal reservoir and conventional natural gas reservoir leads to difficulty for fracturing coal seam, also extremely low permeability in coal seam affects seriously the coalbed gas production. However, supercritical carbon dioxide has unique properties that promote pores and cracks, improve coal seam permeability and replace of CH4 in coal and rock seam. This paper researches on fracturing principle, generational capacity and carrying capacity, anti-reflection effect. At the sametime, based on the problem of change permeability in coal seam, the paper also analyes characteristics of coal reservoir and coalbed gas and combines with properties of supercritical carbon dioxide, which points out the feasibility and necessity that using supercritical carbon dioxide as fracturing carrier in coalbed gas exploitation realizes anti-reflection and increasing production.
Numerical Simulation of Pressure Distribution between Injection and Production Well in Low Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Qi Han , Guo Zi Yi , Peng Ji , Xiong Ting Song , Xue Shi Feng
Published: September 2013

Considering the pressure-sensitive effect and threshold pressure gradient in low permeability reservoirs, a new mathematical model of the variable permeability for reservoir between injection and production well is established. The Garlerkin method is used to set up the finite element computation equations, and corresponding numerical simulation program is developed. The influence of Injection-production pressure, well spacing and hydraulic fracture are quantitative evaluation. The simulation results show that the pressure-sensitive effect and threshold pressure gradient has a strong influence on pressure distribution between injection and production wells. Establishing the effective driving pressure system is the key to improve well production of low permeability reservoir.
Numerical Simulation Research on Horizontal Well to Exploit Remaining Oil of Lateral Accretion Interbed after Polymerflooding
Authors: Chen Tao Ping , Jiang Chao , Wang Li Li , Ma Feng Chun
Published: September 2013

Directing at lateral accretion interbed layers, wedge-shape and pinch-out models are used to analysis polymerflooding development effect using Eclipse numerical simulation soft.. And the distribution location of remaining oil is given after waterflooding and polymerflooding.The recovery is provided including two parts which are lateral accretion interbed and non-lateral accretion interbed. Horizontal well and vertical well are united to exploit remaining oil, in which case, the vertical and horizontal positions of horizontal well are optimized.Numerical simulation results indicate that polymerflooding recovery increasement value is respectively 11.47% and 11.34% about wedge-shape and pinch-out models and polymerflooding works well. The closer to top the horizontal well is , the greater recovery enhancement values is for wedge-shape and pinch-out models. Horizontal hole section starts from the location of seven-eighths of lateral sandbody I left and terminats seven-eighths of lateral sandbody IV, where the recovery is highest, which are respectively 6.69% and 5.61%.
Experimental Research on Proppant Transport Performance of GRF-CO2 Fracturing Fluid
Authors: Luo Xiang Rong , Wang Shu Zhong , Sun Xiao , Ren Xiao Juan
Published: September 2013

In this article, the experimental study on proppant transport performance of GRF-CO2 system is performed by using the large-scale foam fracturing fluid test system of high temperature and high pressure, and critical settling velocity and proppant settling velocity are obtained.Research results show that the critical settling velocity increases with the temperature rising, in foaming cases,decreases with the foam quality and sand ratio rising.The correlations for GRF-CO2 fracturing final proppant settling velocity within solution and the critical settling velocity have been obtained, all kinds of average error is less than 14%.
The Research of Vertical Pipe Flow Rules of Polymer Drive Pump Wells Recovery Liquid
Authors: Liu Yin Qing , Guo Shi Jun , Cui Hai Qing
Published: September 2013

As polymer flooding in Daqing oil field with the further exploitation,the polymer content in the flooding produced fluids and the produced fluid flow characteristics of polymer are all constant change. The rheology of produced fluids is changed too, it obviously shows non-newtonian fluid properties. About the concentric axis of non-newtonian fluid flow rules of the air the ring,it is becoming more and more important for producted crude oil in Daqing polymer flooding oilfield. This paper built a indoor device that used for the research of Polymer flooding pumping Wells recovery liquid vertical pipe flow rules,had a deep research on flow rules and rheology of Polymer flooding pumping Wells recovery liquid that was coming from Xingbei development zone of Daqing oilfield in the tubing wellbore.
The Equation of the Limit Replacement Width of Non-Newton Fluid in Eccentric Annulus
Authors: Liu Yin Qing , Wang Mei Wei , Cui Hai Qing
Published: September 2013

The equation of the limit replacement width of the one-dimension two-phase flow of Bingham fluid replacing Power law fluid in eccentric annulus was established, the numerical solution method of the equation mentioned above was given and taking the 3 wells, such as the He 104-27 well etc for examples, the limit replacement widths of cement slurry displacing mud, whose rheological properties can be described as Bingham and Power law modles respectively, were calculated, by using the equation and the numerical solution method mentioned above, and compared with those of cement slurry displacing mud, whose rheological properties are all described as Binghanm modle.
Study on Evaluation System of Attraction of Artificialecological Recreation Site
Authors: Shen Xing Ju
Published: September 2013

Whether construction and development of artificial ecological recreation site are successful is based upon its attraction to tourist, comprehensive evaluation on attraction of recreation site is an important section of construction of recreation site, hence it is very necessary to establish evaluation system of artificial ecological recreation site and to make objective evaluation on attraction of artificial ecological recreation site. Artificial ecological recreation site is taken as sample in this paper, natural and social factors influencing its emergence and development are considered fully, evaluation factors which embody feature of ecological recreation site such as ecology, sustainability, appearance and etc are selected specially, and an index system of evaluation on artificial ecological recreation site is established composed of 3 first-grade indexes, 10 second-grade indexes and 28 third-grade indexes involving recreational resource, recreational support, as well as regional and location condition of recreation site. The aim is to throw a sprat in order to catch a herring, so as to promote in-depth research and development of ecological recreation site.
Application of Horizontal Wells to Reduce Water Production during Gel Treatment
Authors: Shen Guang Xi , Lee Ji Ho , Lee Kun Sang
Published: September 2013

It is well known that gel treatment has outstanding potential to delay water breakthrough and reduce water production. However, it causes the decrease of oil production by permeability reduction, even though it is not as much as reduction of water production. For this reason, to improve oil production with substantial reduction of water production, performances of gel treatments through the combination of horizontal and/or vertical wells were assessed and compared. An extensive numerical simulation was executed for four different well configurations under gel treatment associated with waterflood to accomplish the purpose of this study. Performances were compared according to cumulative oil recovery and water-oil ratio at the production well for different systems. Though all of well configurations considered in this study effectively decreased the water production compared with waterflood, applications of horizontal wells led to much higher oil recovery than vertical well because of improved sweep efficiency. Based on these results, the potential of horizontal wells was examined through different scenarios in combinations of injection and production wells. Furthermore, various well lengths of injectors or producers were assessed for horizontal wells. Because cross-flow between layers dominates performance of gel treatment, effects of vertical permeability were also investigated in application of gel treatment with horizontal well. Longer wells and higher cross-flow results in better performance. This study represents that effectiveness of horizontal wells for gel treatment even for reservoirs having dominant cross-flow.
The Adsorption/Desorption Dynamics Properties of N-Alkanes in Light Naphtha on 5A Zeolites
Authors: Ji Xiang , Zhang Qing Sheng , Cui Qun , Wang Hai Yan
Published: September 2013

Self-made JH4 zeoite was characterized by BET, mercury and other methods. The dynamic adsorption capacity of nC5/nC6 in light naphtha on JH4 zeolite fixed bed was investigated. The effect of cyclic purge exhaust composition, which simulate different condensation conditions, on desorption performance of JH4 zeolite bed was studied. The results shows that, the microporous BET specific surface area and pore volume of JH4 zeolite is 710.05 m2/g and 0.32 cm3/g; macropore specific surface area and pore volume is 3.64 m2/g and 0.29 cm3/g, respectively. Under the adsorption conditions of 0.1 MPa, 165 °C, adsorption capacity of n-pentane and n-hexane in light naphtha on JH4 zeolite reaches, 7.24 g/100gadsand 3.11 g/100gadsrespectively.If the content of pentane and hexane achieves 3.68% and 0.21% in nitrogen purge gas, total desorption amount of JH4 zeolite is 2.07 g/100gads, falling 60.19% than that of pure N2purge.
A Study on Energy-Related GHG Scenario of Thailands Textile Industry
Authors: Dechasiri Phongpiti , Wangjiraniran Weerin , Suriyawong Achariya
Published: September 2013

This study investigated the scenarios of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission for Thailands textile industries between 2010 to 2030. GHG emission for Business as usual (BAU) Scenario is increasing from 5.10 to 11.72 Million tons carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2eq) (approximately 4.3% per year). The IME scenario that new installation of high efficient equipment showed the GHG mitigate as 6.34% in 2030 compared with BAU scenario that including motor, compressor and boiler have contributed as 62.6, 30.6 and 6.8% of the GHG mitigation potential, respectively. On the other hand, the FS scenario which is switching from fuel oil to natural gas mitigates GHG emission as 0.97%.
The Research on the Crack Performance of Airport Pavement Concrete with the Mineral Admixture of Fly Ash
Authors: Liu Yan , Xiao Bin
Published: September 2013

This paper studies the influence of fly ash with different dosage and grades on the crack performance of airport pavement concrete. In order to test airport pavement concrete material accurately and quickly, Dumbbell Test Method was introduced in its early-age from pouring. Dumbbell Test Method is able to evaluate the effect of fly ash with different grades and dosage on volume stability of airport pavement concrete. This paper also studied the mechanism of the influence of fly ash crack performance of airport pavement concrete.
Shifting τf Value of (Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3 Ceramics by Ca0.61Nd0.78/3TiO3 Addition
Authors: Chen Ping Cheng , Pan Chung Long , Lin Wei Cheng , Shen Chun Hsu
Published: September 2013

Modification of (Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3ceramics by Ca0.61Nd0.78/3TiO3addition was investigated. The Ca0.61Nd0.78/3TiO3content plays a significant role in improving the dielectric properties. Microwave dielectric measurement showed an increase in dielectric constant (εr) and temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τf) and a decrease inQvalue with increasing Ca0.61Nd0.78/3TiO3content. By properly adjusting the Ca0.61Nd0.78/3TiO3content, zero temperature coefficient of resonate frequencyτfcan also be obtained. It becomes more promising in the application of wireless system.At 1375°C, the 0.85(Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3-0.15Ca0.61Nd0.78/3TiO3ceramics possesses excellent microwave dielectric properties: a dielectric constant εr of 24.37, aQfvalue of 66200 ( at 7 GHz ) and a τf value of-1.4 ppm/°C.
Discussion on Fire Planning for Large-Scale Petrochemical Industrial Park
Authors: Zheng Wei
Published: September 2013

due to the fast development of petrochemical industrial park in our country, increasing of large-scale petrochemical industry production device and storage device, continuous increasing quantity of major danger source and more likely occurrence of major and extra serious accidents such as fire and explosion, this article puts forward the key issues for petrochemical industrial park fire planning by combing with the current status of fire planning for petrochemical industrial park in our country, hoping to provide references and suggestions for preparing petrochemical industrial park fire planning in future.
Effect of Corrosion on Mechanical Properties of Rebar HRB400
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Ying
Published: September 2013

The corrosion rates and the tensile mechanical properties of rebar HRB400after corrosion in 1.5 wt.% NaCl solution were studied. The results showed that, with the increase of corrosion time, the corrosion rate of rebar HRB400 increases. Meanwhile, the yield strength and tensile strength decrease, but the elongation increases at first and then decreases.
Research Summarize about Controlling Technology of Ultrafine Powder
Authors: Cao Chen Yu , Li Zhen , Ren Jian Xing
Published: September 2013

PM2.5has serious harm to human health and the environment, coal-fired power plant flue gas emission is one of the important sources of PM2.5, however dust removal equipment for PM2.5and finer particulate collection efficiency is very low.Mixed dust removal technology have various problems such as cost increasing , complex operation, the material requirements and capture efficiency of fine particle is not obvious. Coagulation as an effective method of collecting sub-micron particles, has good prospects for development.Further study of the mechanism of coagulation and coagulation technology in practical application of industrial production became focus of future research.
Reflections of Construction of a Green and Low-Carbon Highway Passenger Station's Evaluation Index System
Authors: Wang Juan , Feng Shu Zhen , Li Ya Fan
Published: September 2013

This paper firstly illustrates the concept and connotation of green and low-carbon highway passenger stations. Based on the analysis of foreign current situation, come up with the principle of how to build an evaluation index system for green and low-carbon highway passenger station. Finally around four links including planning, construction, operation and management, build the evaluation index system and give the content of each indicator.
Preparation of MgSO4·H2O by the Phase Diagram Method
Authors: Li Hong Xia , Zeng De Wen , Yao Yan
Published: September 2013

Kieserite (MgSO4·H2O) which has great application in recent years, was prepared according to the binary system MgSO4H2O at 80°C and the ternary system MgCl2MgSO4H2O at 25°C, 50°C and 75°C phase diagrams in this research. We reveal that the pure MgSO4·H2O is acquired in the ternary system MgCl2MgSO4H2O at 75°C with MgCl2 (23.966%~37.93%) for the equilibrium time 5~7days. The higher hydrated magnesium sulfate can be obtained in the ternary system with MgCl2 (0~34.52%) at 25°C, (0~35.684%) at 50°C, and (0~23.966%) at 75°C for 5~7days. These results are beneficial for the industrial production by converting MgSO4·7H2O and MgCl2·6H2O which are not fully exploited in salt pans into the useful MgSO4·H2O.
Preparation and Characterization of Graphene by Oxidation-Reduction Method
Authors: Hou Zhao Xia , Zhou Yin , Wang Shao Hong , Wang Mei Han , Hu Xiao Dan , Zhou Li Di , Li Guang Bin
Published: September 2013

Graphene was prepared by using hydrazine hydrate to reduce the exfoliated graphite oxide nanosheets in the aqueous colloidal suspension. The prepared graphene were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The results showed that part of oxygen containing groups of the exfoliated graphite oxide nanosheets disappeared and the conjugated p bond recovered after reduction. The thickness and size of the graphene nanosheets decreased.
Study on Curing Kinetics of Natural Rubber Dried by Microwave
Authors: Chen Mei , Zhang Fu Quan , Wang Yong Zhou , Huang Mao Fang
Published: September 2013

In this article, the curing kinetics of natural rubber (NR) dried by microwave at frequency of 2450MHz was studied using vulcameter, as well as molecular weight. Seen from the results, the molecular weight distribution of NR dried by microwave was wide, the reaction rate of NR dried by microwave at any temperatures increased with conversion degree (α) increment and passed through a maximum at the value ofαbetween 0.1 and 0.3, the peak height ofαwas increased with a shift in peak position towards a higherαvalue, which provided evidences that the curing behavior illustrated autocatalytic characteristics and depended on curing temperature.
Research the Training System of the Oilfield Staff Simulation Based on Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Yang Dong Li , Liu Si Yu , Yang Bin , Zhou Bo
Published: September 2013

On the basis of researching virtual reality training system at home and abroad, in view of the oilfield staff training needs, we design the training system framework of the oilfield staff simulation based on virtual reality technology. Give the composition of the system framework and the main functions of the modules. Using the simulation technology, we can draw the craft process. Let the employees do man-machine interactive operation in a virtual reality scene. Then according to the quality of operation, operation steps and the alarm-condition appears in the operation, the training system give a score. Through this kind of training methods, it improves the safety skills of the oilfield staff and capability of dealing with accidents.
Analyses on the Infective Factors of the Open National Innovative System Construction in China - A Perspective of International Technology Transfer and Diffusion
Authors: Chang Yan
Published: September 2013

International technology transfer and diffusion are effective means for building open NIS (national innovation system), and multinational corporations and international trade play key roles in the process of building open NIS. It builds a conception framework model of the relationship between technology transfer and diffusion under an open condition. It not only analyzes the internal mechanism of the three main factors (which are multinational R&D, FDI, and international trade) on the NIS. It also analyzes how these factors drive the construction and improvement of the open NIS. Finally, this paper put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from perspective of the main elements of the NIS (which are universities, enterprises, government, and bridging institutes etc.).
Measurement Approaches with Fair Value in Environmental Accounting
Authors: You Jing
Published: September 2013

Environmental accounting plays an important role in monitoring and analyzing environmental issues, while measurement is the key to develop it. Fair value is the hottest subject in accounting field. With the analysis of connection between fair value and environmental science, the paper advocates that it is meaningful and necessary to utilize fair value to settle the measurement problem of environmental accounting. Approaches are put forward about extending the content of environmental assets and liabilities, how to bring in environmental valuation methods, disclosing with fair value hierarchy and integrating into environmental regulation system.
Determination of 10 Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Roast Meat by HPLC
Authors: Wang Wei Wei , Wen Yang , Zhao Fei
Published: September 2013

HAAs content was investigated in five meat products (including roasted chicken, mutton, beef, pork, fish) using solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography ( SPE-HPLC). The linear range was between 0.05 ~ 16.0μg ·mL-1, the detection limits (S/N=3) were in the range of 0.13 ~ 0.42ng·g-1, and the recoveries were in the range of 63.08 ~ 105.03%, while RSD was from 1.96 ~ 8.77%.
Study on Separation/Enrichment of Copper (II) Using Microcrystalline Phenolphthalein Loaded with Cupferron
Authors: Wen Xin Rong , Tu Chang Qing
Published: September 2013

The paper presents a novel method for the separation/enrichment of trace Cu2+ using microcrystalline phenolphthalein loaded with cupferron (Cup) prior to the determination by spectrophoto- metry. The effects of different parameters,such as the dosages of phenolphthalein and Cup and acidity on the enrichment yield of Cu2+ have been investigated to select the experimental conditions. The possible enrichment mechanism of Cu2+ was discussed.The results showed that under the optimum conditions, Cu2+ could be quantificationally adsorbed on the surface of microcrystalline phenolphthalein in the form of the chelate precipitate of Cu (Cup)2 ,while Ni2+,Zn2+,Mn2+,Fe2+ and Al3+ could not be adsorbed at all.Therefore,Cu2+ was completely separated from the above metal ions in the solution. The quantitative separation/enrichment and determination of Cu2+ in various environmental water samples was performed, and the results agreed well with those obtained by FAAS method.
Effects of Natural Organic Matter on TCE Removal in Groundwater by Zero-Valent Iron: Batch Study
Authors: Liu Tong Zhou , Rao Pin Hua
Published: September 2013

An investigation on the effects of humic acid (representing NOM) on TCE (a typical organic contaminant) removal by Fe0in batch settings was carried out. Inhibitory effects of humic acid on Fe0towards TCE removal were observed. At early stage of the experiments, humic acid might partition with TCE, and the adsorption or deposition of humic acid onto Fe0surface would further facilitated TCE immobilization. Once the reduction reactive sites on Fe0surfaces were covered by accumulated humic acid and the partition of TCE to humic acid became saturated, TCE removal in Fe0was observed retarded.
Preparation & Characterization of Four Kinds of TiO2/CNTs
Authors: Li Jia Liang , Li Feng
Published: September 2013

With Ti (C4H9O)4 as raw material, and with untreated CNT, carboxylated CNT, hydroxylated CNT and carbon fiber as carriers respectively, four kinds of TiO2-CNT composites were successful prepared orderly under the calcinated conditions of 400 to 800 °C by sol-gel method. The morphology and structure features of these composites were characterized by scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. The results indicate that, as coexisting carrier material, the carbon nanotube had obvious effects on the morphology and structure of TiO2 nanocrystal. However, when being carboxylated or hydroxylated, though multi-walled carbon nanotube has still obvious effects on crystalline form of TiO2,threre are no remarkable impacts on its morphology.
Modification and Fiber Surface Analyses of Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulp Treated with Laccase
Authors: Shao Lu Peng , Liu Yu , Wang Zhen , Chen Jia Chuan
Published: September 2013

This paper compared the differences of laccase modified APMP and unmodified controlled trails to characterize laccase’s impacts on the whiteness, physical properties and fiber morphology of APMP. From this paper, we can see that after laccase modified, the whiteness of the APMP significantly reduced; physical properties of the APMP were reduced after the first enhanced with increasing the amount of laccase. when the amount of laccase was 2u/g, the physical properties of the APMP were best, the same time after 2u/g laccase treatment ,the surfaces of the pulp fibers engendered the devillicate and peeling.
Crystallization Behavior of PLA/PEG/Nucleating Agent Blends
Authors: Dai Jin Xu , Yang Qiang , Liu Bao Jian
Published: September 2013

A series of PLA blends were prepared by solution co-precipitation of polylactide (PLA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and different crystallization nucleating agents. The crystallization behavior of blends was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the crystallization ability of PLA blends was accelerated by plasticizer PEG, but the crystal structure of the obtained PLA blends was imperfect; the crystal structure and crystallization rate of the PLA blends were improved with the addition of nucleating agent, moreover, the crystallinity was 34.1% and 36.5%, respectively.
Seasonal Dynamics of Algal Biodiversity and Water Quality Assessment of Jiangsu Shilianghe Reservoir in China
Authors: Gao Yuan
Published: September 2013

Analysis of 4 sampling surveys on Jiangsu Shilianghe reservoir in May, July and October of 2011 and January of 2012, 109 species of algae belonging to 7 divisions were totally identified. The green algae and diatoms were the main species while Euglena and Cryptomonas were rare. The algal cell density in each season was compared as follows: summer (63.77 × 1000000 / L) > autumn (61.87 ×1000000 / L) > spring (43.31 ×1000000 / L) > winter (37.922 ×1000000 / L). Algae Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou indexes of each season were compared and described as follows: summer (2.71, 0.41) > winter (2.09, 0.32) > autumn (2.05, 0.31) > spring (1.85, 0.28). The Margalef indexes of each season were compared as follows: summer (1.51) > spring (1.38) > autumn (1.19) > winter (0.86). The water quality was assessed as α-medium pollution according to biological indicators. Sand mining, cages and obstruction between rivers and lakes may be the main reasons that lead to high algal cell density and low index of species diversity.
Numerical Simulation of Radon Atmospheric Dynamic Diffusion from a Flat Ground Uranium Tailings Impoundment
Authors: Peng Xiao Yong , Zhang Xin , Huang Shuai , Chai Xu Sheng , Guo Lan Xia
Published: September 2013

with a flat ground uranium tailings impoundment as the object of the paper, CFD technology was used to study the atmospheric dynamic diffusion characteristics and the evolution of time and space distribution of radon in the uranium tailings impoundment. Results show that, within 1500m range of the leeward of uranium tailings impoundment the falling gradient of radon mass fraction improves with distance increases at the same moment, however the falling gradient flattens with the increase of time gradually; During the first 30 minutes, the radon mass fraction of tailings impoundment in the leeward direction has a larger growth gradient, then flattens out slowly, and stabilizes after 75 minutes.
Hotspots of Ecological and Environmental Risk Research in China Based on Multidimensional Scaling Analysis and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Xie Yu Feng
Published: September 2013

Taking the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database as a platform, we constructed a co-word matrix with the high-frequency keywords of ecological/environmental risk related papers published on core journals. We made multidimensional scaling analysis and cluster analysis using SPSS, and discussed the status of ecological risk related research. The results show that the research hotspots can be divided into five aspects, including ecological risk assessment on heavy metals in the bottom mud, ecological risk assessment of toxic organic pollutants, regional landscape ecological risk, environmental safety accidents and risk management, and other types of ecological risk such as transgenic and biological invasion.
The Ecological Crisis in Development of Chongqing Electronic Information Industry
Authors: Zhang Mei Hua , Xiang Xin Yi , Wu Qiang
Published: September 2013

After three decades of rapid development in reform and opening, Guangdong encounters a bottleneck of resources and environmental constraints, in which its reflection should be learned by Chongqing, thus to prevent going into the same Crossroads after development of electronic information industry in future. Guiyu Phenomenon is a gradual process, in which, the electronic waste disposal has brought purely economic interests, and environmental and ecological crisis was reflected at the same time. In Chongqing, this painful lesson should be prevented in advance in electronic information industry developing. The Smile Chain of Industry Profit and the Wry Smile Chain of Industry Pollution should be alert to Chongqing: if an incorrect decision of industry was choose, meager profits may be brought and serious long-term potential ecological crisis may be brought. Only by strengthening the pre-research, rational decision-making, and synchronization of environmental impact assessment and monitoring, the electronic information industry in Chongqing can go out of the trap of development.
Synergistic Effects of Four Heavy Metals on Photobacterium
Authors: Ge Hui Lin , Liu Shu Shen , Xie De Fang , Zou Dong Mei , Zhao Fang Fang
Published: September 2013

The synergistic effects of mixtures of CdCl2, Ni (NO3)2, CuSO4, and ZnSO4 on photobacterium Q67 were predicted and evaluated by using models of concentration addition (CA), independent action (IA), effect summation (ES), ES with the exponent e (ESE), ES with the power of the number of components n (ESN), and integrated CA with IA based on multiple linear regression (MLR) model (ICIM). The effects of all mixtures were underestimated by CA, IA, ES, ESE, and ESN models, but were effectively predicted by the ICIM model.
Removal Efficiency of Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Pollutants-Phthalate Esters in Northern WWTP
Authors: Huang Rong Xin , Wang Zhen Xing , Liu Gang , Luo Qi Jin
Published: September 2013

In order to guarantee the reliability and security of reclaiming water, research on the removal efficiency of the environmental endocrine chemicals (EDCs) --the Phthalate Esters (PAEs) in conventional secondary activated sludge and wastewater reclamation and reuse process was undergoing at Harbin wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The wastewater samples were colleted from every unit effluent of WWTP. The results showed that contamination of EDCs were presented in municipal wastewater at Harbin and the concentrations of the four PAEs were 21.01μg/L for Di-n-butyl Phthalate (DBP); 9.63μg/L for Di-n-octyl Phthalate (DnOP); 4.56μg/L for Diethyl Phthalate (DEP); 1.96μg/L for Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP) respectively in the influent. The conventional activated sludge has good removal efficiencies performance on DMP, DEP and DBP. With the increasing of molecular weight and branch chains of PAEs contaminations, the removal rate of the four PAEs in the conventional activated sludge process decreased from 99.82%(DMP)，90.60%(DEP)，90.10%(DBP) to the only 45.13% removal rate for DnOP, which was mostly removed from primary treatment but no from secondary activated sludge process; Coagulation-air flotation plus filtration process was not a feasible way to remove PAEs from reclaiming treatment units.
Assessment of Allelopathic Potential of Wedelia trilobata on the Germination, Seedling Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Rape
Authors: Zhang Zhong Hua , Hu Bao Qing , Hu Gang
Published: September 2013

Wedelia trilobata(L.) Hitche is a widespread alien invasive weed in south China and has been reported to show allelopathic potential causing biological suppression on some plants. In this study, the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from the leaves ofW. trilobatawere tested on the seed germination, shoot growth and total chlorophyll content of rape (Brassica campestrisL.) using Petri dish bioassay. The results showed that the aqueous extracts at the concentration from 25% to 100% caused a significant reduction in the germination percentage, shoot length and total chlorophyll content of rape. This inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent. These results suggested there was a strong potential phytotoxic effect ofW. trilobataon rape andthis effect might reduce the production of some crop species.
The Research of Path to Realize Low-Carbon Economic Development in China
Authors: Ma Jiang Hua
Published: September 2013

China's industrialization and modernization process is actually the development process of high-carbon economic. But the economic structure of the high consumption and low output of is not conducive to the sustainable development of China's economy. Against this background, the paper is to develop a low-carbon economy of the path as a research object. The paper includes three parts: necessity of developing low-carbon economy, measures to promote low-carbon development, and the industrial path of achieving objectives. The study demonstrate gradually our country's development about low-carbon's economic, expecting to obtain a certain degree of referential significance that can help to build low-carbon society and achieve the upgrading of industrial structure.
Can Both Substantive and Symbolic Environmental Management get Paid? - An Empirical Study Based on China Listing Corporation
Authors: Gou Qian Wen
Published: September 2013

Starting with the illogical reality that with the improvement of corporate environmental management, the nature environment is getting worse, we empirically studied the relationship between environmental management and corporate financial performance. We choose the listed companies that published social, environmental or sustainable reports during 2010 and 2011 as a study sample. The Spearman correlation was used in SPSS 20. Through content analysis, we found that symbolic approach will benefit the CFP, while substantive approach did not show significant effect.
Estimate of Mercury Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Station in China during the "Twelfth Five-Year"
Authors: Zhao Yi , Xue Fang Ming , Wang Han , Hao Si Qi , Shao Yuan
Published: September 2013

The input and output amount of the total mercury in coal-fired power stations was calculated in the year of 2010 and 2015. By 2015 the emissions of mercury discharged from coal-fired power plant to the atmosphere will reduce, the mercury contented in the solid waste will increase, and the amount of mercury in the waste water will be flat compared with the year of 2010.
Research on Influence Factors of Carbon Emissions and Forecast in Hebei Province
Authors: Zhao Hui Ning , Yu Wei Yang
Published: September 2013

This paper determines population, GDP, the proportion of secondary industry, energy structure, science and technology progress and energy price as the main influence factors on carbon emissions according to the scholars research results. To analysis the relationship between carbon emissions and influence factors, multi-regression equation of carbon emissions and influence factors is established based on the data of Hebei Province from 1995 to 2010. According to the data of influence factors of carbon emissions from 1995 to 2010, the paper respectively establishes each simple regression equation and forecasts its future values. Based on the predictive value of influence factors and multi-regression equation, the paper forecasts the carbon emissions and the carbon emissions of the reducing of the proportion of secondary industry in different circumstances . The conclusions can offer the decision basis for reducing carbon emissions.
The Carbon Sequestration of Pinus tabulaeformis Forests in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Li Fei , Zhang Hua Yong , Wang Zhong Yu , Li Zong Han
Published: September 2013

In order to estimate the carbon sequestration of Pinus tabulaeformis forests in Shanxi Province, field measurement data from 36 Pinus tabulaeformis forest stands and the 8th National Forest Resource Inventory data were collected. Using the field measurement data, the relationship between stand volume and stand biomass was established. By applying the relationship and a specific carbon concentration coefficient to the forest inventory data, the carbon sequestrations of nature and planted Pinus tabulaeformis forests in each age class were estimated respectively. The results show that the total carbon sequestration of Pinus tabulaeformis forests in Shanxi Province is 13.43 Tg (1 Tg=1012 g). The nature forests are acting as the major carbon sink, with the carbon sequestration accounting for 64% of the total amount. Among the forests in different age classes, the mid-aged and premature forests have sequestered around 10.92 Tg C, which accounts for 81% of the total carbon sequestration.
Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Water and Nitrogen Use of Spring Wheat
Authors: Liu Xiao Gang , Wang Xin Le , Yang Qi Liang , Zhang Fu Cang
Published: September 2013

The objective of this study is to explore the best coupling form of water and nitrogen in arid areas of northwest China. Field experiment was conducted in the oasis region of Shiyang River Basin, and the interactive impact of water and nitrogen nutrition on use of water and nitrogen of spring wheat was investigated. The results showed that nitrogen rate and irrigation in jointing and heading stages impacted on spring wheat yield remarkably. With nitrogen rate (168 kg/hm2), irrigation (90 mm) in jointing stage, and irrigation (70 mm) in heading stage, grain yield was higher. Water use efficiency would be high, when the irrigation in tillering and filling stages both were 30 mm. Soil mineral nitrogen accumulation was mainly nitrate nitrogen, which was positively correlated with nitrogen rate in earlier stage. Nitrogen rate and irrigation in jointing and filling stage impacted on plant nitrogen accumulation remarkably, plant nitrogen accumulation came to maximum when nitrogen rate (168 kg/hm2), irrigation (90 mm) in jointing stage and irrigation (70 mm) in filling stage were applied. And nitrogen use efficiency came to maximum under nitrogen rate (56 kg/hm2), irrigation (90 mm) in jointing stage. Considering high grain yield and use of water and nitrogen, the primary suggestion on mode of irrigation and nitrogen rate of spring wheat in Shiyang River Basin were nitrogen rate (168 kg/hm2), irrigation (90 mm) in jointing stage and irrigation (70 mm) in tillering, heading and filling stages.
Difference for Temperature and Humidity in Different Habitat of Lilium regale Wilson
Authors: Yang Zi Song , Quan Qiu Mei
Published: September 2013

The leaf temperature and humidity in different habitat leaves of Lilium regale were measured by using a chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502; Minolta, Tokyo, Japan) ,then the nonparametric test of the SPSS21.0 was carried out and the results were obtained as follows: (1) Differences for the temperature and humidity in different plant leaves of Lilium regale were not necessarily remarkable. (2) But, apparent differences in them were found in 10 habitats.
Analysis of Ecological Environmental Protection Thought Basis on Book of Changes
Authors: Li Dong , Kou Bing Jun
Published: September 2013

Book of Changes is one of the ancient and bright cultural treasures. Because of it, all previous dynasties scholars in successive dynasties have strong interests on the research of Book of Changes. Through the thought "Harmony between man and nature", "feeling concerned about the mulberry of bud" and "continuous reproduction breed in an endless succession " reflected in the book. This thesis is intended to research the harmonious coexistence between human and nature of thought, environmental protection and sustainable development, ecological occurrences and study with a view to correspond to today's serious ecological crisis, in order to provide intelligence support and theoretical support on protecting the ecological environment.
A Research on the Distinction Method of Oils and Chemicals Carried in Bulk at Sea
Authors: Zheng Qing Gong , Feng Xing , Zhang Shao Jun , Wu Wan Qing
Published: September 2013

In accordance with MARPOL convention, reformates and other aromatic oil belong to Oils, and their marine transportation should comply with Convention Annex I. While these goods may contain some NLSs defined in Annex II, and their transportation should comply with Annex II and IBC code. To make a distinction between the goods defined in Annex I and Annex II, the technical instrument and distinction in relevant industries are researched, in the paper the related definitions and present distinction methods in relevant conventions are analyzed, and a modified distinction method is put forward.
Designing of Watershed Ecological Compensation Mechanism Based on the Key Ecological Function Zone: A Case Study in the Source Area of Dongjiang River
Authors: Liu Gui Huan , Wen Yi Hui , Jin Tao Tao , Hao Hai Guang , Liu Shu Fang
Published: September 2013

At present, China is establishing eco-compensation mechanism on the basis of key ecological function zones and ecological factors, but trans-provincial eco-compensation mechanism (especially in river basin) is making slow progress due to its complicated stakeholders involvement. The promulgation of relevant papers, such as Planning on National Main Functional Zones and National Key Ecological Function Zones, provide important basis and new thoughts for implementing eco-compensation mechanism in China. In this paper, we take trans-provincial key ecological function zone as breakthrough point to study trans-provincial river basin eco-compensation mechanism, and take the source area of Dongjiang River in Jiangxi province and Guangdong province as an example to put forward some ideas for trans-provincial river basin eco-compensation mechanism designing based on the key ecological function zones. Taking the study of key ecological function zone as the platform, we propose a framework of river basin eco-compensation plan, which includes particular design in the following aspects: the funding needs, funding sources, financial operation mechanism, monitoring and evaluation, organizational management and compensation security system. Designing River basin eco-compensation mechanism in source areas while based on key ecological function zone, which will increase the scientific nature and rationality of policy making, is more in line with ideas and concepts of payment for ecosystem services (PES) and it will effectively promote scientific and rational development and implementation of river basin eco-compensation. However there are still many inevitable problems in the following aspects: river basin eco-compensation monitoring and evaluation, management of river basin eco-compensation and measures to ensure the long-term effect of river basin eco-compensation policy. With the in-depth understanding of eco-compensation study and practice in China, these problems should be constantly improved and Chinas eco-compensation mechanism will become increasingly complete and rigorous in the future.
E-Cadherin – Fc Chimeric Protein-Based Biomaterial: Breaking the Barriers in Stem Cell Technology and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Nag Kakon , Akaike Toshihiro
Published: September 2013

Chimeric proteins have been used for years for various purposes ranging from biomaterials to candidate drug molecules, and from bench to bulk. Regenerative medicine needs various kinds of proteins for providing essential factors for maintaining starting cells, like induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), and renewal, proliferation, targeted differentiation of these cells, and as extracellular matrix for the experimental cells. However, there are several challenges associated with making functional chimeric proteins for effective application as biomaterial in this field. Fc-chimeric protein technology could be an effective solution to overcome many of them. These tailored proteins are recently becoming superior choice of biomaterials in stem cell technology and regenerative medicine due to their specific advantageous biophysical and biochemical properties over other chimeric forms of same proteins. Recent advances in recombinant protein-related science and technology also expedited the popularity of this kind of engineered protein. Over the last decade our lab has been pioneering this field, and we and others have been successfully applied Fc-chimeric proteins to overcome many critical issues in stem cell technologies targeting regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Fc-chimeric protein-based biomaterials, specifically, E-cad-Fc have been preferentially applied for coating of cell culture plates for establishing xenogeneic-agent free monolayer stem cell culture and their maintenance, enhanced directed differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages, and non-enzymatic on-site one-step purification of target cells. Here the technology, recent discoveries, and future direction related with the E-cad-Fc-chimeric protein in connection with regenerative medicine are described.
Complex Behavior Using the Hybrid Method of Cavitation and Electrochemical Corrosion for Casted Al Bronze
Authors: Han Min Su , Park Il Cho , Park Jae Cheul , Jeong Jae Yong , Kim Seong Jong
Published: September 2013

The sustainable development of engineering, mechanical instrument requires higher speed and higher power. It cause a physical damage is excessive damage for underwater rotating system as cavitations and erosion, but also electrochemical corrosion by chloride ion and flow of current in marine environment. In this study, we assessed electrochemical corrosion characteristics of aluminum-bronze that are the material for the underwater rotating system used in the ocean industry and studied the complex behavior of electrochemical corrosion and cavitation corrosion through the hybrid test that also included cavitation corrosion environment. After the cavitation hybrid tests, surface of specimens are observed to measurement damage degree using 3D optical microscope and compared the average of damage depth by immersion time. The observation of the surface micro-structure suggested that the corrosion took place initially in β phase that has poor corrosion resistance in spite of high hardness.