bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment practice within primary mental health care: A logics perspective
Authors: Flintoff Adam , Speed Ewen , McPherson Susan
Published: April 2018

From the 1980s onwards, discourses of risk have continued to grow, almost in ubiquity. Ideas and practices of risk and risk aversion have extended to UK mental health care where services are expected to assess and manage risks, and high-quality clinical assessment has been revised to incorporate risk assessment. This article problematises practices of risk assessment in mental health provision, focussing on the base-rate problem. It presents an analysis of audio recordings of risk assessments completed within a primary care mental health service. The analysis is informed by a critical logics approach which, using ideas from discourse theory as well as Lacanian psychoanalysis, involves developing a set of logics to describe, analyse and explain social phenomena. We characterise the assessments as functioning according to social logics of well-oiled administration and preservation, whereby bureaucratic processes are prioritised, contingency ironed out or ignored, and a need to manage potential risks to the service are the dominant operational frames. These logics are considered in terms of their beatific and horrific fantasmatic dimensions, whereby risk assessment is enacted as infallible (beatific) until clients become threats (horrific), creating a range of potential false negatives, false positives and so forth. These processes function to obscure or background problems with risk assessment, by generating practices that favour and offer protection to assessors, at the expense of those being assessed, thus presenting a challenge to the stated aim of risk assessment practice.
Technological change and generic effects in a university Herbarium: A textography revisited
Authors: McCarty Ryan , Swales John M
Published: April 2018

Herbaria principally host and study collections of dried vegetal specimens, and the curators and researchers employed there are mainly systematic botanists working on plant taxonomy. Twenty years ago, a textographic investigation of the University of Michigan Herbarium was conducted as part of a larger study. In this follow-up inquiry, we investigate what sort of changes have – or have not – occurred over the intervening period. Two of the five original Herbarium informants are still working there, and mainly through text-based interviews and discourse analysis we trace their subsequent careers and research outputs. We find that there has been considerable technological change since the 1990s, such as the growth of molecular studies, the digitization of specimens, and the use of the web, which has greatly impacted the processes of scholarly textual production. However, technological effects on the highly distinctive genres of systematic botany turn out to be more moderate. This genre set, comprising monograph, flora, treatment, and protologue, remains little known to those who study the more general discourses of the academic and research worlds.
The practice of praising one’s own child in parent-to-parent talk
Authors: Kim Mary Shin
Published: April 2018

This study examines an underexplored area of self-praise: parents praising their own children. An examination of a corpus of Korean telephone conversational data reveals that the act of praising one’s own child is prevalent in parent-to-parent talk despite the social and interactional constraints on behavior that might be viewed as biased or bragging. In fact, such self-praise is not always treated as interactionally problematic and is often initiated by co-participants of the talk. This conversation analytic study identifies routine features and structures of this type of self-praise and shows when they emerge, how they are formulated and how they are responded to by recipients. The analysis shows what makes the self-praise possible or appropriate in interaction and highlights two common practices. In one, a praiseworthy matter about the speaker’s child is brought up by a co-participant, and the speaker takes the opportunity to praise the child. Thus, rather than directly praising the child, the speaker acts as an informant who is simply supplying more noteworthy details to add to the co-participant’s favorable account. In the other practice, a speaker conveys a praiseworthy matter as a piece of news about the child. By doing so, the speaker provides a rationale (informing the recipient) while at the same time eliciting the recipient’s uptake (assessment or appreciation). The study illustrates how self-praise plays an integral role in parental communities as parents engage in sharing and celebrating children’s milestones, achievements, or growth.
Flirting in online dating: Giving empirical grounds to flirtatious implicitness
Authors: Mortensen Kristine Køhler
Published: April 2018

Various fields have examined the activity of flirting, predominantly based on experimental and reported data; the interactional workings are therefore often overlooked. Based on emails and chats from two Danish online dating sites, this article investigates how users negotiate romantic connections through the flirting strategy of ‘imagined togetherness’, linguistically constructing imagery of a shared future. Using the notion of the chronotope, turn-by-turn analysis demonstrates how users, embedded in the activity of getting to know each other, tenuously communicate romantic interest by alluding to future points at which they might be together. Central to the strategy is a sequential pattern of avoiding closure and thereby preserving the imagery’s implicitness. The article concludes by arguing that while imagined togetherness functions to probe interests and thus protects oneself from potential rejection, it also draws on fundamental dynamics of fantasy in nourishing the excitement of romantic possibility.
I didn’t say that! Uses of SAY in mediation discourse
Authors: Janier Mathilde , Reed Chris
Published: April 2018

While several taxonomies of meta-discourse exist, none clearly explains speakers’ strategies in mediation. Mediators, however, seem to rely a lot on meta-discourse to manage the argument while preserving their neutrality. This article proposes corpus analyses to detect mediation participants’ discourse strategies and highlight the role and function of a meta-discourse element – the verb ‘to say’. This article is a first step towards the elaboration of a taxonomy for the analysis of argumentative meta-discourse and brings new insights into meta-discourse in argumentative dialogues and mediation discourse in general.
‘Let’s have the men clean up’: Interpersonally communicated stereotypes as a resource for resisting gender-role prescribed activities
Authors: Robles Jessica S , Kurylo Anastacia
Published: April 2018

This article examines a productive use of communicating gender stereotypes in interpersonal conversation: to resist activities traditionally prescribed according to gender. The analyses video-taped naturally occurring US household interactions and present three techniques participants may deploy to contest gender expectations: mobilizing categories, motivating alignment and reframing action. We show how gender is an accountable category in relation to household labor, and how gender categories provide a resource by which participants can non-seriously solicit and resist participation in domestic gender-prescribed activities. Our analysis provides some insight into how participants use gender stereotypes in everyday talk and what functions such talk serves.
If vegetables could talk …: A structural and sequential analysis of buying and selling interactions in a Mexican fruit and vegetable shop
Authors: Carranza Ariel Vázquez
Published: April 2018

The present investigation studies buying and selling encounters in a Mexican fruit and vegetable shop. It is a conversation-analytic study that shows aspects of the institutional character of these interactions, their overall organisation and sequential structure. It suggests that the core sequential structure of these encounters consists of two base adjacency pairs, buying (requesting–giving a product) and selling (requesting–giving money). In particular, the analysis describes the preparatory characteristics of the pre-expansions that precede the product request formulations, the linguistic composition and sequential positioning of request formulations, the insertions of the buying adjacency pair and the sequencing of the commercial exchange which is described as the climax of the institutional event. The designs of the first pair part of the selling adjacency pair and the product request formulations are presented as clear instances of the referential framework or common ground shared by seller and customer.
Which epistemics? Whose conversation analysis?
Authors: Raymond Geoffrey
Published: April 2018

In a Special Issue of Discourse Studies (2016) titled ‘The Epistemics of Epistemics’, contributing authors criticize Heritage’s research on participants’ orientations to, and management of, the distribution of (rights to) knowledge in conversation. These authors claim (a) that the analytic framework Heritage (and I) developed for analyzing epistemic phenomena privileges the analysts’ over the participants’ point of view, and (b) rejects standard methods of conversation analysis (CA); (c) that (a) and (b) are adopted in developing and defending the use of abstract analytic schemata that offer little purchase on either the specific actions speakers accomplish or the understanding others display of them; and (d) that, by virtue of these deficiencies, claims about the systematic relevance of epistemic phenomena for talk-in-interaction breach long-standing norms regarding the relationship between data analysis and generalizing claims. Using a collection of excerpts bearing on the import of epistemics for action formation and action sequencing, I demonstrate that these claims are patently false and suggest that they reflect the authors’ effort to recast CA as a kind of fundamentalist enterprise. I then consider excerpts from a second collection (of occasions involving the pursuit of one party’s ‘suspicions’ about another’s alleged misdeeds) to illustrate how the form of social organization described by Heritage can be used to explicate other phenomena that depend on systematic alterations to its basic features. In conclusion, I suggest that CA’s success in enhancing our grasp of the organization of talk-in-interaction derives from its unique commitment to both generalization and context specificity, collections and single cases, findings plus a continual openness to the ‘something more’ that each particular case can provide.
Epistemics in social interaction
Authors: Drew Paul
Published: April 2018

My argument here is principally that the ubiquity of (the relevance of) epistemics is evident in the ways in which knowledge claims and attributions of knowledge to self and other (1) are embedded in turns and sequences, (2) inform the design of turns at talk, (3) are amended in the corrections that speakers sometimes make, to change from one epistemic stance to another (e.g. from K+ to K−), and (4) are contested, in the occasional ‘struggles’ between participants, as to which of them has epistemic primacy. I show that these cannot be understood in cognitive terms; furthermore, I show that epistemics – again the attribution of knowledge to self and other – is ‘real’ for participants. That is, in these four practices and aspects of interaction (i.e. embedding, turn design, correction and contesting) it is evident that participants orient to their states of knowledge relative to one another, on a moment-by-moment, turn-by-turn basis.
Developing proximity of possible disciplinary selves in narratives: An alternative approach to explore the representation of individual in context
Authors: Zhang Jing
Published: April 2018

This article adopts a Systemic Functional Linguistics framework of appraisal theory to interpret the behavioural and attitudinal resources in written narratives and proposes the idea of proximity as an alternative representation to explain the meaning-making process of Chinese students’ possible selves in a less examined context of UK-based transnational university in China, by focusing on the lexical and semantic explanation of how these Chinese students use and are mediated by contextual resources in discourse. Six written narratives were collected from six Chinese students from the School of International Communications at the University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC). The overall findings revealed that all six Chinese students from different years shaped proximal past, current and future possible disciplinary selves through repeated engagement and positive alignment with the contextual values, although they had differentiated developmental processes of using and being mediated by the contextual recourses. This article concludes by arguing for a need to investigate the Chinese learners in the current changing world by looking at their repertoire experience of disciplinary learning and reservoir context.
‘I didn’t want to be Psycho no. 1’: Identity struggles in narratives of patients presenting medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Sowińska Agnieszka
Published: April 2018

The aim of this article was to explore identity struggles related to the experience of living with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) in illness narratives of patients with MUS. These patients pose therapeutic and communication challenges as their symptoms do not have an obvious underlying diagnosis. Previous studies have shown that their stories can best be described as ‘chaos narratives’, lacking a chronological development of symptoms or ‘legitimacy narratives’, through which patients seek to legitimize their invisible symptoms. The study draws on 21 interviews with MUS patients. The examples were selected from two contrasting cases in order to show how the patients accomplish their identity struggles through distinctive discursive tools, such as metaphors, modality, personal pronouns, evaluative devices, as well as characteristic interactional structure, navigating around the three identity dilemmas: continuity and change, self and other, and agent or undergoer.
Empathically designed responses as a gateway to advice in Dutch counseling calls
Authors: Stommel Wyke , Molder Hedwig te
Published: April 2018

Previous conversation analytic studies of institutional interaction included analyses of empathy in interaction. These studies revealed that professionals may use empathy displays not only to validate the client’s worry, but also to perform actions oriented to other institutional goals and tasks such as closing off a troubles-telling sequence. In this article, we present an analysis of empathically designed responses in Dutch telephone counseling. The data consist of 36 calls from the Alcohol and Drugs Info Line. In some of the calls, clients’ troubles-telling includes ‘emotion discourse’, that is, descriptions of their feelings/emotions. Counselors may respond to these descriptions using conventional empathy displays like ‘I can imagine that’ and ‘I understand that’ in a range of verbal and prosodic variations. The analysis reveals that these responses open up advice sequences that vary in the extent to which they treat the client’s articulated feelings as valid. Most are affiliating, treating the client’s feelings as the basis for advice, while some are less affiliative, putting the client’s feelings into perspective or implicitly questioning their legitimacy. Hence, empathically designed responses are pivots to advice-giving.
Critical timing of actions for transferring 911 calls in a wireless call center
Authors: Kevoe-Feldman Heidi , Pomerantz Anita
Published: April 2018

The analysis in this article considers how dispatchers in a 911 wireless call center direct callers’ orientations from one possible trajectory of action (e.g. moving to close) to keeping the caller engaged and prepared to speak with a second dispatcher. We describe how dispatchers deploy two distinct actions, a directing action and an informing action, timed at a precise moment to execute successful transfers. The analysis presents largely unexplored features of the call transfer environment, including dispatchers’ management of callers’ expectations and how the transfer phase contributes to a reshaping of the overall structural organization of a 911 call.
Working with the ‘gated’: A case study of ABC Open’s blend of reciprocal journalism and ‘collegial gatekeeping’
Authors: Reader Bill
Published: April 2018

This case study of Australian participatory-journalism project ABC Open analyzes the role of professional staff in the gatekeeping of user-generated content. Informed by the concept of ‘reciprocal journalism’ and applying the ‘network gatekeeping theory’ developed by Barzilai-Nahon, this study finds a user-generated content project that prioritizes rapport between user-generated content contributors and the initiative’s professional gatekeepers (‘producers’). Analysis suggests that the ‘collegial gatekeeping’ approach of ABC Open is resource- and labor-intensive, but succeeds by prioritizing quality over quantity in a long-term, non-profit initiative.
Students generating questions as a way of learning
Authors: Aflalo Ester
Published: April 2018

Student question generation is a constructive strategy that enriches learning, yet is hardly practiced in higher education. The study described here presents a potential model for integrating student question generation into an education setting. In all, 133 students generated questions in groups, answered and assessed the questions of their peers. Comparison of the examination grades before and after question generation found that the activity did not result in a statistically significant improvement in achievements. However, a comparison of only the achievements in answering the higher-order thinking questions revealed an improvement in the students’ ability to cope with these types of question. Moreover, the students reported advantages, such as reduction of test anxiety, productive group learning and the creation of a question bank resulting from the activity, which helped the students study for the examination. The educational implications of the findings are discussed.
Invisible realities: Caring for older Moroccan migrants with dementia in Belgium
Authors: Berdai Chaouni Saloua , De Donder Liesbeth
Published: April 2018

The number of older Moroccan migrants reaching the age of high risk for dementia is increasing in Belgium. Yet no study has been performed to explore how Moroccan families facing dementia experience and manage the condition. The study employed a qualitative design using semi-structured interviews with 12 informal and 13 formal caregivers to answer this research question. Findings indicate that the experience of dementia includes several invisible realities that challenge the informal and formal caregivers: (1) the invisibility of dementia as a condition; (2) the invisible subtleties of the informal care execution; (3) the invisibility and inaccessibility of care services as explanation for these family’s non-use of available services; and (4) the overlooking of culture, migration and religion as invisible influencers of the overall dementia experience. A better understanding of these hidden realities of migrant older people with dementia and their caregivers could lead to interventions to provide effective and tailored person-centred care that is sensitive to the individual’s life experiences, culture and religious background.
A Systematic Review of Intimate Partner Violence Interventions: State of the Field and Implications for Practitioners
Authors: Trabold Nicole , McMahon James , Alsobrooks Shannon , Whitney Staci , Mittal Mona
Published: April 2018

Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is a global public health issue and has serious consequences of women’s health. While scholars and researchers have made some progress in addressing IPV and its impact across different levels of care, there is a paucity of intervention research in this area. For example, we know little about which intervention models work best for particular groups of IPV survivors. Previous reviews have concluded there is insufficient evidence to recommend specific treatment options for victims, but they have also been limited in scope of target populations or have employed narrow eligibility criteria. This systematic review examined the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions for victims of IPV related to physical and mental health and revictimization. Three large databases were searched and articles were selected using specified criteria. Fifty-seven articles met inclusion criteria. Results indicate that both empowerment-based advocacy and cognitively focused clinical interventions demonstrate positive outcomes on the vast sequelae of violence in the context of an intimate relationship. The heterogeneity of intervention approaches and frameworks makes comparisons across studies challenging, but this review demonstrates that interventions focused on problem-solving/solution seeking, enhanced choice making and the alteration in distorted self-thinking and perception are promising in facilitating and maintaining positive physical and mental health changes for women who experience violence.
Anatomical Considerations and Open Surgery to Treat Juxtarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Samoila Georgiana , Williams Ian Michael
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

Historically, the open approach to the abdominal aorta has been transperitoneal (TP). In comparison, a retroperitoneal (RP) incision exposes the lateral wall of the suprarenal aorta for clamp application and midline structures such as the duodenum and pancreas are not encountered. Proximal clamp position for open repair of juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (JR-AAA) is suprarenal, supra-superior mesenteric, or supraceliac. While RP and TP approaches have previously been compared for physiological reasons, there are currently no randomized controlled trials comparing these methods from an anatomical perspective.

Aims:

The primary aim is to examine the evidence for adopting an RP approach for JR-AAA and compare it with TP approach from an anatomical perspective. The secondary aim is to assess optimum proximal clamp position and its effect on renal function and mortality for the 2 approaches.

Methods/Design:

Literature was reviewed searching databases Medline and Embase for studies on clamp positioning in JR-AAA repair using a TP or RP approach, up to December 2017.

Conclusions:

There is no clear evidence for the optimum cross-clamp position for open repair of JR-AAAs. More proximal clamps provide adequate operative space with the possible downside of increased afterload leading to visceral and renal ischemia. Clamps placed inferior to the superior mesenteric artery allow continued bowel and hepatic perfusion with the potential to cause trauma to the adjacent aortic branches during application. As far as the optimum approach is concerned, many series show a strong trend for RP as a more proximal clamp is required. Significant numbers develop renal failure after JR-AAA repair, with most recovering fully irrespective of the clamp position.
Making Waves in Riverside: A Superintendent/Principal Partnership for Dramatic School Turnaround
Authors: Mania-Singer Jackie
Published: April 2018

This case was written for use in educational leadership programs preparing superintendents, central office leaders, and school principals. This case requires students to draw from knowledge of successful school turnaround, effective school leadership, and system-wide reform strategies to consider how a first year superintendent and a newly hired principal implement turnaround strategies in a persistently low-performing school amid increasing pressure and scrutiny from the surrounding business and civic community. The case begins with the history and context of the community and school district and then explores the significant events and challenges during the first year of implementation.
Prostate Cancer Information Available in Health-Care Provider Offices: An Analysis of Content, Readability, and Cultural Sensitivity
Authors: Choi Seul Ki , Seel Jessica S. , Yelton Brooks , Steck Susan E. , McCormick Douglas P. , Payne Johnny , Minter Anthony , Deutchki Elizabeth K. , Hébert James R. , Friedman Daniela B.
Published: April 2018

Prostate cancer (PrCA) is the most common cancer affecting men in the United States, and African American men have the highest incidence among men in the United States. Little is known about the PrCA-related educational materials being provided to patients in health-care settings. Content, readability, and cultural sensitivity of materials available in providers’ practices in South Carolina were examined. A total of 44 educational materials about PrCA and associated sexual dysfunction was collected from 16 general and specialty practices. The content of the materials was coded, and cultural sensitivity was assessed using the Cultural Sensitivity Assessment Tool. Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook were used to assess readability. Communication with health-care providers (52.3%), side effects of PrCA treatment (40.9%), sexual dysfunction and its treatment (38.6%), and treatment options (34.1%) were frequently presented. All materials had acceptable cultural sensitivity scores; however, 2.3% and 15.9% of materials demonstrated unacceptable cultural sensitivity regarding format and visual messages, respectively. Readability of the materials varied. More than half of the materials were written above a high-school reading level. PrCA-related materials available in health-care practices may not meet patients’ needs regarding content, cultural sensitivity, and readability. A wide range of educational materials that address various aspects of PrCA, including treatment options and side effects, should be presented in plain language and be culturally sensitive.
Rapid Sense Making
Authors: Etz Rebecca S. , Gonzalez Martha M. , Eden Aimee R. , Winship Jodi
Published: April 2018

This article shares the problem-solving process and resultant rapid sensemaking methodology created by an interdisciplinary research team faced with qualitative “big data.” Confronted with a data set of over half a million free text comments, within an existing data set of 320,500 surveys, our team developed a process to structure the naturally occurring variability within the data, to identify and isolate meaningful analytic units, and to group subsets of our data amenable to automated coding using a template-based process. This allowed a significant portion of the data to be rapidly assessed while still preserving the ability to explore the more complex free text comments with a grounded theory informed emergent process. In this discussion, we focus on strategies useful to other teams interested in fielding open-ended questions as part of large survey efforts and incorporating those findings as part of an integrated analysis.
Performance analysis of single-stage air source heat pump utilizing indirect vapor injection design
Authors: Lai Jin-Chang , Luo Win-Jet , Wu Jyun-Yi , Faridah Dini , Lin Chia-Ming , Fasya Fikri Rahmat , Nuriyadi Muhammad , Ng Wen-Bin
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the performance of a single-stage scroll compressed air source heat pump coupled with a flash tank indirect vapor injection. In the refrigerant circulating piping of the heat pump, an indirect vapor injection piping connecting a flash tank at the refrigerant outlet of a condenser and the suction of a scroll compressor was designed. By the indirect refrigerant vapor injection from the flash tank, the saturation pressure and temperature of the refrigerant (R134a) in the evaporator can be raised and the sub-cooling of the refrigerant at the inlet of expansion valve can be enlarged as well. Thus, energy consumption of the compressor can be reduced and cooling capacity of the evaporator can be boosted. It was found that the suitable amount of indirect vapor refrigerant strongly depends on the operational environmental temperatures. By adjusting the suitable indirect vapor injection volume into the compressor, the performance of the heat pump was enhanced. In this study, a suitable indirect vapor injection volume was found and 5~15% performance increments can be obtained while the heat pump operated under ambient temperatures in a range from 5°C to 35°C.
A modeling and analysis strategy of constellation availability using on-orbit and ground added launch backup and its application in the reliability design for a remote sensing satellite
Authors: Zhang Hua , Meng Debiao , Zong Yiyan , Wang Fang , Xin Tailin
Published: April 2018

To evaluate the system reliability and the constellation availability of remote sensing satellite, in this study, a novel single satellite availability modeling and analysis strategy using on-orbit backup and ground added launch backup is proposed. First, considering the characteristics of remote sensing satellites, the calculation formulas of constellation availability are given in detail. Then, the process of system reliability modeling is also illustrated step by step. Finally, an availability evaluation example of remote sensing satellite constellation is introduced to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The effectiveness of therapeutic strategies for patients with radiculopathy: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Zhiqiang , Wen Jianzhong , Lu Jie , Sun Yingchun , Sang Dechun
Published: April 2018

Objectives

The aim of this network meta-analysis is to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies for patients with radiculopathy, including physical, medical, surgical, and other therapies.

Methods

We electronically searched electronic databases including PubMed and Embase for randomized controlled trials. The response rate and visual analog scale of pain change were considered as primary outcomes. The outcomes were measured by odds ratio (OR) value and corresponding 95% credible intervals (CrIs) or standardized mean difference (MD) with 95% CrIs. Besides, surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) were performed to rank efficacy and safety of treatments on each end points.

Results

A total of 16 eligible studies with 1071 subjects were included in this analysis. Our results showed that corticosteroid was significantly more effective than control regarding the response rate (OR = 3.86, 95% CrI: 1.16, 12.55). Surgery had a better performance in pain change compared with control (MD = −1.92, 95% CrI: −3.58, −0.15). According to the SUCRA results, corticosteroid, collar, and physiotherapy ranked the highest concerning response rate (SUCRA = 0.656, 0.652, and 0.610, respectively). Surgery, traction, and corticosteroid were superior to others in pain change (SUCRA = 0.866, 0.748, and 0.589, respectively).

Conclusion

According to the network meta-analysis result, we recommended surgery as the optimal treatment for radiculopathy patients; traction and corticosteroids were also recommended for their beneficial interventions.
Does social presence or the potential for interaction reduce social gaze in online social scenarios? Introducing the “live lab” paradigm
Authors: Gregory Nicola J , Antolin Jastine V
Published: April 2018

Research has shown that people’s gaze is biased away from faces in the real world but towards them when they are viewed onscreen. Non-equivalent stimulus conditions may have represented a confound in this research, however, as participants viewed onscreen stimuli as pre-recordings where interaction was not possible compared with real-world stimuli which were viewed in real time where interaction was possible. We assessed the independent contributions of online social presence and ability for interaction on social gaze by developing the “live lab” paradigm. Participants in three groups ( N = 132) viewed a confederate as (1) a live webcam stream where interaction was not possible (one-way), (2) a live webcam stream where an interaction was possible (two-way), or (3) a pre-recording. Potential for interaction, rather than online social presence, was the primary influence on gaze behaviour: participants in the pre-recorded and one-way conditions looked more to the face than those in the two-way condition, particularly, when the confederate made “eye contact.” Fixation durations to the face were shorter when the scene was viewed live, particularly, during a bid for eye contact. Our findings support the dual function of gaze but suggest that online social presence alone is not sufficient to activate social norms of civil inattention. Implications for the reinterpretation of previous research are discussed.
The priming function of in-car audio instruction
Authors: Keyes Helen , Whitmore Antony , Naneva Stanislava , McDermott Daragh
Published: April 2018

Studies to date have focused on the priming power of visual road signs, but not the priming potential of audio road scene instruction. Here, the relative priming power of visual, audio, and multisensory road scene instructions was assessed. In a lab-based study, participants responded to target road scene turns following visual, audio, or multisensory road turn primes which were congruent or incongruent to the primes in direction, or control primes. All types of instruction (visual, audio, and multisensory) were successful in priming responses to a road scene. Responses to multisensory-primed targets (both audio and visual) were faster than responses to either audio or visual primes alone. Incongruent audio primes did not affect performance negatively in the manner of incongruent visual or multisensory primes. Results suggest that audio instructions have the potential to prime drivers to respond quickly and safely to their road environment. Peak performance will be observed if audio and visual road instruction primes can be timed to co-occur.
An individual approach to monitoring locomotive training load in English Premier League academy soccer players
Authors: Abbott Will , Brickley Gary , Smeeton Nicholas J
Published: April 2018

To account for the individual intensity of locomotion tasks, individualised speed thresholds have been proposed as an alternative to global speed thresholds. Methodologies to determine individual speed thresholds have typically been laboratory based, time consuming and expensive, rendering them inappropriate for applied practitioners working with large squads. The current investigation utilised easy-to-administer field tests to individualise speed thresholds. The aim was to investigate differences between high-speed locomotion measured using global and individual speed thresholds. Nineteen, male, professional soccer players completed maximum sprint and maximum aerobic speed protocols and were divided into groups dependent upon maximum aerobic speed performance (high, medium and low). Locomotion data were collected using portable Global Positioning System units and analysed using global and individual analysis methods to determine distances travelled performing high-speed running, very high-speed running and sprinting. In low athletes, the individual analysis method produced significantly higher percentages of high-speed running, very high-speed running and sprinting compared to global (mean differences 7.8%, 6.1% and 1.7%, respectively, all p < 0.001). In medium athletes, no significant differences were found between analysis methods for high-speed running and very high-speed running. In high athletes, the individual analysis method produced significantly lower high-speed running and very high-speed running percentages compared to global (mean differences 11.0% and 6.8%, p < 0.001). Results concluded that global thresholds produced high-speed locomotion percentages significantly higher or lower than individual thresholds for 47% of athletes. The current investigation recommends the use of field tests to individualise speed thresholds, allowing applied practitioners to accurately quantify individual athlete intensity.
A review of magnetic resonance enterography-based indices for quantification of Crohn’s disease inflammation
Authors: Rozendorn Noa , Amitai Marianne Michal , Eliakim Rami Abraham , Kopylov Uri , Klang Eyal
Published: April 2018

Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is a leading radiological modality in Crohn’s disease (CD) and is used together with laboratory findings and endoscopic examinations for the evaluation of patients during initial diagnosis and follow up. Over the years, there has been great progress in the understanding of CD and there is a continuous strive to achieve better monitoring of patients and to develop new modalities which will predict disease course and thus help in clinical decisions making. An objective evaluation of CD using a quantification score is not a new concept and there are different clinical, endoscopies, radiological and combined indices which are used in clinical practice. Such scores are a necessity in clinical trials on CD for evaluation of disease response, however, there is no consensus of the preferred MRE score and they are not routinely used. This review presents MRE-based indices in use in the last decade: the Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity (MaRIA), the Clermont score, the Crohn’s Disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Index (CDMI), the Magnetic Resonance Enterography Global Score (MEGS) and the Lemann index. We compare the different indices and evaluate the clinical research that utilized them. The aim of this review is to provide a reference guide for researchers and clinicians who incorporate MRE indices in their work. When devising future indices, accumulated data of the existing indices must be taken into account, as each of the current indices has its own strengths and weakness.
A Review of Commercially Available Point-of-Care Devices to Concentrate Bone Marrow for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Focal Cartilage Lesions
Authors: Gaul Florian , Bugbee William D. , Hoenecke Heinz R. , D’Lima Darryl D.
Published: April 2018

Objective

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell-based therapy treatment option for several orthopedic indications. Because culture expansion of MSC is time and cost intensive, a bedside concentration of bone marrow (BM) aspirate is used as an alternative. Many commercial systems are available but the available literature and knowledge regarding these systems is limited. We compared different point-of-care devices that concentrate BM (BMC) by focusing on technical features and quality parameters to help surgeons make informed decisions while selecting the appropriate device.

Methods

We compared published data on the BMC devices of Arteriocyte, Arthrex, Celling Biosciences, EmCyte, Exactech, ISTO Tech, Harvest Tech/Terumo BCT, and Zimmer/BIOMET regarding technical features (centrifugation speed/time, input/output volume, kit components, type of aspiration syringes, filter usage) and quality parameters of their final BMC product (hematocrit, concentration of platelets and total nucleated cells, concentration of MSC and connective tissue progenitor cells).

Results

The systems differ significantly in their technical features and centrifugation parameters. Only the fully automated systems use universal kits, which allow processing different volumes of BM. Only the Arthrex system allows selection of final hematocrit. There was no standardized reporting method to describe biologic potency.

Conclusions

Based on the data obtained in this review, recommending a single device is not possible because the reported data could not be compared between devices. A standardized reporting method is needed for valid comparisons. Furthermore, clinical outcomes are required to establish the true efficacy of these systems. We are conducting additional studies for more careful comparison among the devices.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage following first use of Sildenafil
Authors: Ellis Ricky , Kailavasan Mithun , Bazo Alvaro
Published: April 2018

Level of evidence: Not applicable for this case report.
Monetary Policy Transmission and Industrial Sector Growth: Empirical Evidence From Nigeria
Authors: Ezeaku Hillary Chijindu , Ibe Imo Godwin , Ugwuanyi Uche Boniface , Modebe N. J. , Agbaeze Emmanuel Kalu
Published: April 2018

The goal of this study is to assess the industry effects of monetary policy transmission channels in Nigeria within the period 1981-2014. Techniques of analysis employed in the study are the Johansen cointegration and the error correction model (ECM). Our regression estimates reveal that the private sector credit, interest rate, and exchange rate channels have negative effects on real output growth, both in the long run and in the short run. The results further show that, relatively, the degrees of the established effects are higher in the long run than in the short run. We employed the Johansen cointegration approach to determine the nature of relationship that exists between our dependent variable and the independent variables. The results show that, in the Nigerian case, monetary policy transmission channels jointly have a long-run relationship with real output growth of the industrial sector, and disequilibrium in the system is corrected at the speed of 72.2% annually.
Framing Diversity in Corporate Digital Contexts: A Multimodal Approach to Discursive Recontextualizations of Social Practices
Authors: Maier Carmen Daniela , Ravazzani Silvia
Published: April 2018

Diversity has become a buzzword and a “must-have” corporate practice for contemporary organizations. This article aims to determine how discursive strategies employed by organizations to frame diversity are constructed in digital contexts. Drawing on the literature related to diversity in organizations and its framing in external digital contexts, this study adopts a critical perspective on the discourse analysis of corporate multimodal communication. This methodological approach allows us, first, to map the discursive strategies used to frame diversity in digital contexts through several semiotic modes; and second, to unravel in detail how this discursive construction is realized in terms of social actors, social actions, space, and time. This approach is empirically applied to the case of a leading global organization, Google. The study takes current research on diversity-related framing in corporate digital communication forward and shifts the focus to multimodal discursive strategies. Researchers can use this methodological approach to capture and analyze in detail the ongoing processes of discursive representations, and to produce longitudinal studies. Practitioners can become more aware of the multimodal character of contemporary communication and build on this study to ensure that their diversity-related framing is characterized by consistency across different digital platforms.
Platinum-group element and gold contents of arsenide and sulfarsenide minerals associated with Ni and Au deposits in Archean greenstone belts
Authors: Le Vaillant Margaux , Barnes Stephen J. , Fiorentini Marco L. , Barnes Sarah-Jane , Bath Adam , Miller John
Published: April 2018

Post-magmatic alteration of certain magmatic Ni sulfide ores in Western Australia, the Miitel deposit and the Sarah's Find prospect, produced Ni–As–PGE haloes around massive sulfides. A study of the composition of arsenide grains from these hydrothermal haloes, along with arsenides from various magmatic and hydrothermal mineralized environments in other localities, was conducted in order to compare their composition, and assess their potential use as indicator minerals for exploration vectoring, as well as to gain knowledge on their crystallization history. Concentrations in trace elements such as platinum-group elements (PGEs), Au and other metals was obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy analyses. Results show that variations in PGEs and Au compositions can be related to the magmaticvs.hydrothermal origin of the grains; and to their provenance from deposits enriched in either Ni, Au or both. Magmatic NiCoFe sulfarsenides have strongly correlated, high IPGE (Os, Ir, Ru, Rh) contents up to 100 ppm Ir, compared with maximum values in hydrothermal sulfarsenides of ~1 ppm. Gold in hydrothermal sulfarsenides from Au-mineralized ultramafic rocks extends up to 500 ppm, with typical values of 3–30 ppm; similar values are also found in nickeline (also called niccolite). These results suggest that nickel arsenides could potentially be used as indicator minerals for nickel and gold exploration. Trace-element contents of arsenide grains in shear zones could be used to deduce the presence of Ni or Au mineralization upstream in the fluid pathway.
Patients with CD3G mutations reveal a role for human CD3γ in Treg diversity and suppressive function
Authors: Rowe Jared H. , Delmonte Ottavia M. , Keles Sevgi , Stadinski Brian D. , Dobbs Adam K. , Henderson Lauren A. , Yamazaki Yasuhiro , Allende Luis M. , Bonilla Francisco A. , Gonzalez-Granado Luis I. , Celikbilek Celik Seyma , Guner Sukru N. , Kapakli Hasan , Yee Christina , Pai Sung-Yun , Huseby Eric S. , Reisli Ismail , Regueiro Jose R. , Notarangelo Luigi D.
Published: April 2018

Key Points

CD3γ-deficient patients manifest T-cell phenotypic and functional defects that are especially prominent in Treg cells. The peripheral T-cell repertoire of CD3γ-deficient patients is restricted, with molecular signatures of self-reactivity.
Electric Charge Detection of Sparse Organic Acid Molecules Using an Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET)-Based Sensor
Authors: Furusawa Hiroyuki , Ichimura Yusuke , Harada Shuhei , Uematsu Mayu , Xue Shenyao , Nagamine Kuniaki , Tokito Shizuo
Published: April 2018

Detection and measurement of organic acids, such as small carboxylic acids, are useful for quality control of processed food and drinks and in the healthcare sector. Previously, chromatographic and electrophoresis methods requiring a bench-top device were used for their detection. In this article, we report an organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based sensor capable of sensing electrical changes, which was applied to the detection of citric acid, chosen as a small organic acid model. When citric acid was injected into the OFET-sensor equipped with a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid-immobilized gold-electrode (Ni-NTA-immobilized Au-electrode), the shifts of the OFET transfer characteristic curves were observed to depend on the citric acid concentration, in the range from 0 to 1000 µM. On the other hand, there was no response after citric acid addition in the case of a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM)-sensor, which is a mass-sensitive device, under similar low-salt conditions because the mass change on the sensor surface was below the detection limit of the QCM device owing to inter-anion repulsions. OFET-sensors have advantages in the detection of small organic molecules with an electro-charged group as well as the possibility to be incorporated into portable devices in the future.
The Microvasculature and Skeletal Muscle Health in Aging
Authors: Landers-Ramos Rian Q. , Prior Steven J.
Published: April 2018

Aging and aging-related declines in physical activity are associated with physical and metabolic impairments. Skeletal muscle capillarization is reduced in sedentary older adults, may contribute to impairments in skeletal muscle, and is modifiable by exercise training. This article examines the hypothesis that preservation of skeletal muscle capillarization is essential to maintain metabolism, fitness, and function with aging.