bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etäkotihoitotyön sisältö ja kuormittavuus sekä mahdollisuudet työurien pidentäjänä
Authors: Heinonen Tarja , Lindfors Pirjo , Nygård Clas-Håkan
Published: May 2022

Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan etäkotihoitotyötä työntekijöiden kokeman työn muutoksen ja työn kuormituksen näkökulmasta. Lisäksi tarkastellaan etäkotihoitotyön tarjoamia mahdollisuuksia työrajoitteisten työntekijöiden työurien pidentämiseen. Aineiston muodostivat Helsingin kaupungin Palvelukeskuksen etähoidossa työskentelevät hoitajat (n=14), joista puolet työskenteli niin sanotusti uudelleensijoitettuna tuki­ ja liikuntaelinperäisen vaivan tai vamman vuoksi. Haastateltavat olivat 22–59­-vuotiaita naisia. Aineisto kerättiin teemahaastatteluina videopuhelun välityksellä elo–lokakuussa 2019 ja helmikuussa 2020. Tulokset osoittavat, että ääni­kuvayhteyden kautta tapahtuva kotihoitotyö on muuttanut sekä työn sisältöjä että työssä tarvittavia valmiuksia. Digitaalisessa asiakassuhteessa korostuvat  entisestään luottamus sekä verbaalinen vuorovaikutus ja ohjaus. Kiire ja asiakassoittojen aikataulupaine aiheuttavat työntekijöille psyykkistä kuormitusta. Etäkotihoidossa fyysiset, raskaat asiakassiirrot ja ­nostot jäävät pois, mutta tilalle ovat tulleet  istuma­ ja näyttöpäätetyölle tyypilliset yläraajojen ja hartiaseudun rasitustilat. Kaikki haastatellut uudelleensijoitetut työntekijät kokivat, että etähoitotyö oli mahdollistanut heidän työuransa jatkumisen. Haastateltujen etähoitajien mielestä etäkotihoito täydentää ja monimuotoistaa hyvin sekä kotihoitotyötä että palvelutarjontaa.
Ativismo judicial e consequências à imparcialidade do julgador
Authors: Woiciechovski Taiane , Vidal Nelson
Published: May 2022

O ativismo judicial compreende como a forma de concretizar direitos, sendo o judiciário o protagonista desta expressão, tendo uma participação proativa perante os outros poderes em questões relevantes que versem sobre a política. A moral e o social estão sendo determinados no fim, pelo sistema judiciário, bem como sua influência à imparcialidade do julgador. O papel do juiz diante deste cenário gera incógnitas sobre sua imparcialidade nas decisões tomadas, de modo que ocorre vício de interpretação, norteadas pelas suas convicções pessoais. O objetivo do presente trabalho é entender a relação entre o ativismo judicial e como isto pode afetar a imparcialidade do juiz na hora de uma decisão, trazendo também o princípio da razoabilidade e proporcionalidade como caminho correto a se percorrer para obter uma coerente e assertiva decisão. Nessa toada utiliza-se pelo método dedutivo e por meio de consultas bibliográficas, leitura de artigos e interdisciplinaridade, a partir da compreensão do ativismo judicial e consequências à imparcialidade do julgador.
Ten recommendations for political ecology case research
Authors: Helmcke Cornelia
Published: May 2022

Contributions in political ecology draw heavily on case study research. This has triggered questions regarding the wider theoretical relevance to such studies. This article argues that one of the main shortcomings of political ecology case studies is not their wider applicability, but that scholars often miss reflection on their chosen cases and case methodology. The purpose of the article is to examine the continued relevance of case study research, especially within more recent advances of political ecology, and to develop ten recommendations for how a political ecology case study could overcome identified weaknesses.
Preliminary study on gene regulation and its pathways in Chinese Holstein cows with clinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wang Wenjia , Li Rongling , Ye Tingzhu , Zhang Xinxin , Chen Chao , Liang Ai-xin , Yang Li-guo
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Clinical mastitis (CM) is one of the most common diseases of dairy cows globally, has a complex aetiology and recurs easily. Staphylococcus aureus is a frequently isolated pathogen responsible for bovine mastitis and remains difficult to eradicate.

Material and Methods

To characterise the transcriptional profiles of dairy cows infected by S. aureus, we performed an RNA-seq analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes in lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cows with CM and did the same with healthy cows’ samples as controls.

Results

A total of 4,286 genes were detected in the CM cases infected with S. aureus which were differentially expressed compared to the controls, 3,085 of which were upregulated, the remainder being downregulated. Notably, we observed that some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) had strong protein–protein interaction. Of these, six downregulated DEGs (AKR1C4, PTGS2, HNMT, EPHX2, CMBL, and IDH1) were involved in the metabolic pathway, while eight upregulated DEGs (VWF, GP9, MYLK, GP6, F2RL3, ITGB3, GP5, and PRKG1) were associated with the platelet activation pathway.

Conclusion

The transcriptome dataset of CM cases would be a valuable resource for clinical guidance on anti-inflammatory medication and for deeper understanding of the biological processes of CM response to S. aureus infection, and it would enable us to identify specific genes for diagnostic markers and possibly for targeted therapy.
Four new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from campos rupestres and vegetation on granitic inselbergs in Eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Goldenberg R. , Gonella P.M. , Meyer F.S.
Published: May 2022

Eastern Minas Gerais has been historically neglected regarding biodiversity sampling effort. However, recent botanical explorations have revealed several new taxa for its flora, especially from disjunct fragments of campos rupestres vegetation, which form a mosaic with granitic inselbergs in the region. In this article, we add four new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) to the growing list of new taxa: P. brevicomosum, P. caetanoi, P. miconiifolium and P. petrophylax. We provide descriptions, detailed photographs, taxonomic comparisons, a distribution map and conservation status assessments for these new taxa. All four species are assessed under a category of threat, highlighting the need for conservation actions in these biodiverse albeit still poorly known areas.
The Innovator’s Brain - Warum Architektur, Design und die Humanities heute zu radikalen Innovationen führen
Authors: Burbulla Julia
Published: May 2022

Herausforderungen wie Digitalisierung, Klimawandel oder die globale Weltwirtschaft sind derart komplex, dass ihnen mit etablierten Steuerungs- und Problemlösungsroutinen nicht beizukommen ist – neue Ansätze sind gefragt. Die spezifischen Denkmodelle aus Architektur, Design und den Humanities gelten heute als adäquate Schablonen für breit angelegte Innovationsprozesse, die den Übergang von der Industrie- zur Digitalgesellschaft gestalten. Das prominenteste Beispiel dafür ist der internationale Siegeszug des Design Thinking und Creative Engineering. Julia Burbulla untersucht die Geschichte und die Chancen der dahinterstehenden crossdisziplinären Innovationskultur und nimmt die weitreichenden Konsequenzen in den Blick, die sich für Bildung und Wissenschaft ergeben.
Die alte Frage: Was ist die Wahrheit? - bey den erneuerten Streitigkeiten über die göttliche Offenbarung und die menschliche Vernunft, in nähere Erwägung gezogen
Authors: Reinhold Karl Leonhard
Published: May 2022

Reinholds Antwort auf die legendäre Frage des Pilatus «Was ist die Wahrheit?» zielt systematisch auf eine Absage an traditionelle Definitionen der Wahrheit als Übereinstimmung von Vorstellung und Gegenstand sowie an spekulative Formen der ontologischen Wahrheitstheorie. In Abgrenzung vom Paradigma des intentionalen Vorstellens soll Übereinstimmung als prüfende Selbstdarstellung eines als wahr behaupteten Sachverhalts gedacht werden. Von daher wird eine Namenserklärung der Wahrheit ausformuliert, bei welcher der Gedanke der «Uebereinstimmung des Seyns mit sich selbst» den Leitfaden bildet. Reinhold argumentiert in kriteriologischer Hinsicht dafür, Stufen des Anschauens und Wahrnehmens, Begreifens und Sprechens ebenso zu berücksichtigen wie das Systemwissen im Bereich der erkennenden und moralischen Vernunft. Reinhold befasst sich außerdem mit psychologischen Kriterien wie der Kultivierung des Wahrheitsgefühls und zieht religionsphilosophische Konsequenzen aus seinem Wahrheitsverständnis.
System Kirche - Machtausübung zwischen Idee, Interesse und Institution
Authors: Ludwig Johannes
Published: May 2022

Im Zentrum der Aufarbeitung des sexuellen Missbrauchs in der katholischen Kirche steht die Frage nach der Verteilung von Macht. Untersucht wird in dieser Studie nicht nur, wer Macht ausübt, sondern auch, wie Macht ausgeübt wird. Der Autor weist nach, dass das System kirchlicher Machtausübung stets Spiegel der Zirkularität von Gottes-, Menschen- und Selbstbild ist. Mittels politikwissenschaftlicher Methoden zeigt er, welche Mechanismen zu einer Immunisierung innerkirchlicher Machtstrukturen geführt haben. Nur so ist zu erklären, warum sich alternative Strukturen der Macht in der institutionellen Wirklichkeit bislang nur unzureichend niederschlagen. Abschließend wird reflektiert, wie die Kirche mit ihrem systemischen Scheitern im Umgang mit der Macht verantwortlich und sensibel umgehen kann.
Experimental Study of Machine Learning Methods in Anomaly Detection
Authors:   Institute of Information Technology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Hajirahimova Makrufa , Yusifova Leyla ,   Institute of Information Technology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

Recently, the widespread usage of computer networks has led to the increase of network threats and attacks. Existing security systems and devices are insufficient in the detection of intruders' attacks on network infrastructure, and they considered to be outdated for storing and analyzing large network traffic data in terms of size, speed, and diversity. Detection of anomalies in network traffic data is one of the most important issues in providing network security. In the paper, we investigate the possibility of using machine learning algorithms in the detection of anomalies – DoS attacks in computer network traffic data on the WEKA software platform. Ensemble model consisting of several unsupervised classification algorithms has been proposed to increase the efficiency of classification algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed model was studied using the NSL-KDD database. The proposed approach showed a higher accuracy in the detection of anomalies compared to the results shown by the classification algorithms separately.
Analysis of generative adversarial networks
Authors:   Azerbaijan Technical University, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Imamverdiyev Yadigar , Musayeva Firangiz ,   Institute of Information Technology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

Recently, a lot of research has been done on the use of generative models in the field of computer vision and image classification. At the same time, effective work has been done with the help of an environment called generative adversarial networks, such as video generation, music generation, image synthesis, text-to-image conversion. Generative adversarial networks are artificial intelligence algorithms designed to solve the problems of generative models. The purpose of the generative model is to study the set of training patterns and their probable distribution. The article discusses generative adversarial networks, their types, problems, and advantages, as well as classification and regression, segmentation of medical images, music generation, best description capabilities, text image conversion, video generation, etc. general information is given. In addition, comparisons were made between the generative adversarial network algorithms analyzed on some criteria.
A method for intelligent scheduling of computer networks monitoring
Authors:   Institute of Information Technology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Shikhaliyev Ramiz
Published: May 2022

To ensure the efficiency of management, the security of computer networks (CN), as well as to ensure the required level of quality of service for network applications, accurate and up-to-date information on the state of the CN is required. This information can be obtained through continuous active monitoring of the quantitative characteristics of the CN. Thus, active monitoring becomes an important tool for ensuring the efficiency of management and security of the CN. However, continuous active monitoring, especially of large networks, can lead to congestion of network channels, which can reduce the effectiveness of monitoring the CN. Consequently, with active monitoring of the CN, it is necessary to manage the use of resources (channel and computational) of the network and reduce the load on the network. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method for intelligent planning of monitoring of the CN. Using machine learning algorithms, can be analyzed the state and performance of the CN and acquire knowledge that can be used to determine the most appropriate rules for monitoring the CN. Thus, it is necessary to find such monitoring rules that will ensure the effectiveness of monitoring the CN. The proposed method can reduce the impact of monitoring on network performance, and on the operation of network applications.
Case report: multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatrics
Authors: Sampaio Camilla , Amorim Erika , Sampaio Genilda , Bohrer Wanessa , Vasconcelos Camila , Oliveira Ilma , Pires Ana Carolina
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: The multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in pediatrics is a new entity with acute and severe presentation, which association with SARS-CoV-2 infection virus from COVID-19 has been questioned. The criteria to define a case of such syndrome were determined and published by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO). One form of presentation of this entity is Kawasaki disease, either in the classic or incomplete forms, and/or associated with toxic shock. OBJECTIVES: Report a case of a SARS-CoV-2 seropositive patient, who developed Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome, Kawasaki-like disease. CASE REPORT: Preschooler, 4-years-old, male, arrives at the pediatric consultation with a history of 12-hours fever without other associated symptoms, but previously infected by SARS-CoV-2. On physical examination, he was feverish 38.3ºC, active, eupneic, with mild oropharyngeal hyperemia. In the subsequent 24 hours, fever persisted, and complaints of abdominal pain started, thus he was taken to a pediatric emergency room for diagnostic investigation. A worsening of the pain and significant reduction in activity were observed, with prostration, decreased food acceptance and diuresis. Four days after the onset of the fever, he developed signs of cardiac decompensation (shock), liver lowering, tachycardia with the presence of third sound, HR 186bpm, being taken to the pediatric ICU and a laboratory investigation was started to confirm a post-COVID-19 multisystemic inflammatory syndrome pediatric. CONCLUSION: Improving knowledge about the COVID-19 infection manifestations in children and its complications is necessary, since it is believed that there is a relationship between multisystemic inflammatory syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.
Complications of community acquired pneumonia in children: associated factors and therapeutic failure association
Authors: Krapiec Ana Beatriz
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of complications of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children, to verify if there is an association of complications with therapeutic failure, and to analyze factors associated with them. METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational, retrospective review of medical records of children aged 0 to 17 years diagnosed with CAP, admitted to the general pediatric ward of the Pequeno Príncipe Hospital in Curitiba, from March 1, 2018 to March 1, 2019. Chronic lung diseases, neurological disorders, genetic diseases, heart disease, immunodeficiencies, hospital-acquired pneumonia, or incomplete data were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Of the 74 medical records chosen for the study, 54(73%) were children who did not develop complications and 20(27%) developed complications, in the following order of prevalence: pleural effusion 18(24.3%), empyema 7( 9.5%) and pulmonary necrosis 7(9.5%). Primary therapeutic failure, C-reactive protein (CRP) values, hemoglobin and rods collected at admission were associated with complications by Students t-test analysis with p-value <0.05. It was not possible to identify an association of bacterial resistance and therapeutic failure because there was no bacterial growth in the cultures. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CAP complications was 27%. Pleural effusion was the most common complication, followed by empyema and pulmonary necrosis. Complicated pneumonia was associated with therapeutic failure in 70% of cases (p=0.03). As it was not possible to identify the causative pathogen by blood culture, it is concluded that admission exams such as PCR, hemoglobin and rods can help in the direction of the empirical choice of antibiotic.
Profile of pediatric patients with sickle cell disease admitted to Children's Hospital of the Irma Dulce Social Works in Salvador (BA)
Authors: Godinho Ariadne , Leite Ivana
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES: To describe the profile of patients with sickle cell disease admitted to the Childrens Hospital of the Irma Dulce Social Works in Salvador city, Brazil. METHODS: Descriptive study through the analysis of hospitalization data registered in the book of Medical Residence in Pediatric Hematology and in the Hospital Information System, from March 2018 to March 2019. RESULTS: The main one cause of hospitalization is due to occlusive vessel crisis (59.5%) and the age group most affected is from 01 to 05 years (30%). Patients from Salvador city, capital of Bahia state, account for 65%. The average hospital stay is six days. Most patients still do not use hydroxyurea and 6% do not undergo regular outpatient follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Knowing the profile of patients with sickle cell disease can serve as a basis for improving the specific care that this public needs and for the development of actions for the early detection of the disease and the implementation of reference centers in the interior of the state of Bahia.
Piogenic liver abscess by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in preschool
Authors: Zureiq Samyra , Marcião Waleska , Queiroz Judith , Moura Leandro , Escóssio Paulo , Casseb George , Miralha Alexandre
Published: May 2022

Pyogenic hepatic abscess is a purulent collection secondary to bacterial infection in the hepatic parenchyma. Is relatively rare in general population, around 1.1 to 2.3/100.000 inhabitant, with mortality between 5.6-80%. In this study, we report the case of a preschool, male, with fourteen days of fever, abdominal distention, pallor, Torres-Homem sign, periumbilical hypertimpanism and hepatomegaly. He arrived with leukocytosis/neutrophilia, high reactive-C protein, normochromic/normocitic anemia, increased liver and canalicular enzymes, in addition to alteration of coagulation tests. Ultrasonography and abdominal tomography showed heterogeneous collections of irregular contours and inaccurate limits in segments IV, V, VII and VIII. Gallbladder of thickened walls with hyperechogenic image measuring 0.8cm. The initial treatment consisted of the association of ampicillin and sulbactam associated with metronidazol and transcutaneous drainage of the abscess guided by ultrasonography. With the positive culture of the abscess material for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ciprofloxacin began and the performance of weekly abdominal ultrasound. He was discharged after ultrasonography of abdomen without abscesses. The triad of pyogenic hepatic abscess encompasses abdominal pain, intermittent fever and hepatomegaly. They are usually associated with predisposing factors from immunosuppression to biliary pathway pathologies and neoplasms. Percutaneous drainage guided by CT or US is currently first-line treatment. Even though it is rare, HA should be among the differential diagnosis options of abdominal pain and intermittent fever.
Dinámicas de violencia en la frontera Colombo-Venezolana
Authors: Ardila Castro Carlos Alberto , Gangi Guillén Giuseppe Kodjack VII
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo pretende dilucidar la realidad de la frontera colombo-venezolana, reconociendo la historia de la relación entre ambos países, sus contextos, situación social de dicha frontera y sus consecuencias en la zona; examinando las amenazas representadas por nuevos grupos armados ilegales compuestos por criminales, guerrillas y disidencias en ambos lados del límite fronterizo y entendiendo su forma de delinquir, orígenes, asentamientos y la naturaleza de sus diversas economías, hechos que afectan de manera directa la seguridad y defensa nacional a causa de las constantes disputas por el control de los negocios ilícitos entre tales grupos, situación ahora más problemática por el impacto de la migración y la dificultad de las relaciones diplomáticas entre ambos Estados.
La especificidad de los sistemas productivos industriales en el pensamiento económico: Límites y alternativas
Authors: Trucco Ignacio Tomás
Published: May 2022

La especificidad de la industria manufacturera fue un tema relevante para el pensamiento económico, que no podía ser reducido a aspectos técnicos o, incluso, quedarse en los límites de las relaciones mercantiles. El trabajo se propone analizar el modo en que se conceptualizó aquella especificidad sobre la base de un conjunto de problemas concatenados: primero, la naturaleza y las implicancias de los rendimientos crecientes de la industria a nivel del sistema. Segundo, el conflicto distributivo y el proceso de diferenciación social que allí anida y que desborda los límites de las relaciones mercantiles. Tercero, el rol de la comunidad territorialmente delimitada como mecanismo para conceptualizar la unidad y contención de los sistemas industriales. Finalmente, se recupera una línea de investigación alternativa inspirada en la obra de Max Weber, que responde a los interrogantes analizados conceptualizando los sistemas industriales mediante las formas de autoridad que allí se ponen en juego.
New records of bees of the genus Hoplitis Klug, 1807 (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) from Central Asia
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia, Proshchalykin M.Yu.
Published: May 2022

An annotated list and illustrations of eight species of rarely collected and little known bees of the genus Hoplitis from Central Asia is given. Five species are firstly recorded from Uzbekistan, five species – from Kazakhstan, and one species – from Tajikistan.
Study on the genus Merionoeda Pascoe, 1858 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) from Hubei, China
Authors:   Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P. R. China, Wang P. ,   College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P. R. China, Liu M.-Y. ,   Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P. R. China,   College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P. R. China, Xie G.-L. ,   Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P. R. China,   College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P. R. China,   Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, P. R. China, Wang W.-K. ,   Institute of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P. R. China,   College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P. R. China,   Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, P. R. China,   Yangtze University College of Arts and Science, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, P. R. China
Published: May 2022

Totally three species of the genus Merionoeda Pascoe, 1858 are recorded from Hubei Province of China. Among of them, Merionoeda (Macromolorchus) curtipennis (Pic, 1922) is newly recorded from China, Merionoeda (s. str.) indica (Hope, 1831) and Merionoeda (s. str.) jeanvoinei Pic, 1933 are new for the fauna of Hubei Province, China.
Prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism and transient neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia in babies born to hypothyroid mothers at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sanjeev Kumar , Mishra Ruchi , Kaur Jasmine , Dubey Anand Prakash , Bagla Jyoti , Arora Sarika
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

Transient neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia (TNH) is being increasingly recognized in the developed world as a risk factor for the development of permanent hypothyroidism. It is defined as transient elevation of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels between 10 and 20 mIU/L after 48 h of life with normal free thyroxine levels, returning to normal after 2 weeks of life. Factors associated with TNH as well as its consequences on growth and development are lesser known at present. Maternal hypothyroidism, both overt and subclinical, is known to have adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. Maternal hypothyroidism is also one of the risk factors for developing TNH. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and TNH, and evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born to hypothyroid mothers.

Material and Methods:

Sixty-three consecutive neonates born to mothers diagnosed as hypothyroid during pregnancy were enrolled for the study. Fifty neonates underwent evaluation for thyroid functions and development till 6 months of age, after excluding preterm and sick babies requiring intensive care.

Results:

None of the babies had CH. The prevalence of TNH was found to be 6.0% (n = 3/50), with TSH values normalizing by 4 weeks of age. All babies with TNH were female. Development assessment done till 6 months of life was normal for all babies.

Conclusion:

Our study describes the prevalence of TNH and short-term development outcomes in babies born to hypothyroid mothers. The role of TNH in the development of permanent hypothyroidism is still a debatable topic, and larger studies are needed to assess its implications on linear growth, academic performance, as well as language and intellectual development.
Endocrine services for children disrupted by COVID-19 – A fellow’s perspective
Authors: Jhala Jayati Joshipura
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has been disrupting our lives for the past 2 years. During my tenure as a fellow in pediatric endocrinology at a tertiary care center in India from September 2020, we faced several challenges in managing chronic endocrine disorders especially type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, with time, and the availability of newer methods of communication technology and supportive services, it became possible to adapt to a “new normal.”
Genetics for the pediatric endocrinologists – 1
Authors: Venkatesan Radha , Mohan V. , Kumar Rakesh
Published: May 2022

The advancement in genetic laboratory technology has helped immensely in the diagnosis of many genetic disorders which could not hitherto be diagnosed. Monogenic diabetes among children and adolescents is not uncommon and needs a high index of clinical suspicion to diagnose. With the availability of genetic diagnostic laboratories with the latest technology, more and more patients should benefit from early diagnosis, specific targeted treatment, and better outcomes. The pediatricians and pediatric endocrinologists managing children with diabetes need to clinically suspect and advise appropriate genetic tests to confirm the diagnosis of monogenic diabetes. Neonatal diabetes mellitus is one of the most rewarding diagnoses, if we pick up a specific genetic abnormality that could respond to sulfonylurea. The child with KCNJ11 or ABCC8 gene mutation responding to sulfonylurea could escape from the life-long insulin injections and complications of diabetes. It is equally important to identify other forms of monogenic diabetes as the specific diagnosis can have implications in the treatment, genetic counseling, and identifying other family members harboring the same gene mutation.
Otto Billeter oder wie die älteste [3,3]-sigmatrope Umlagerung nach Neuenburg kam: Teil1
Authors: Hansen Hans-Jürgen
Published: May 2022

A historical study on the early chemistry of organic isothiocyanates (mustard oil) and thiocyanates (rhodanides) is presented. The isomeric structures of these compounds were settled by the famous investigations of August Wilhelm Hofmann published in 1868. Another highlight in this early phase of structural chemistry was the discovery by Otto Billeter and independently by Gustav Gerlich that allyl thiocyanate rearranges thermally into mustard oil (allyl isothiocyanate). This rearrangement can be regarded as the oldest [3,3]-sigmatropic process realized nearly 40 years before Ludwig Claisen started his well-known investigation on the thermal rearrangement of allyl phenyl ethers. The further development of the chemistry of thiocyanates and isothiocyanates will be discussed in the second part of this study.
The instance problem and the most specific concept in the description logic EL w.r.t. terminological cycles with descriptive semantics
Authors:   Theoretical Computer Science Dresden University of Technology, Baader Franz
Published: May 2022

In two previous reports we have investigated both standard and non-standard inferences in the presence of terminological cycles for the description logic EL, which allows for conjunctions, existential restrictions, and the top concept. Regarding standard inference problems, it was shown there that the subsumption problem remains polynomial for all three types of semantics usually considered for cyclic definitions in description logics, and that the instance problem remains polynomial for greatest fixpoint semantics. Regarding non-standard inference problems, it was shown that, w.r.t. greatest fixpoint semantics, the least common subsumer and the most specific concept always exist and can be computed in ploynomial time, and that, w.r.t. descriptive semantics, the least common subsumer need not exist. The present report is concerned with two problems left open by this previous work, namely the instance problem and the problem of computing most specific concepts w.r.t. descriptive semantics, which is the usual first-order semantics for description logic. We will show that the instance problem is polynomial also in this context. Similar to the case of the least common subsumer, the most specific concept w.r.t. descriptive semantics need not exist, but we are able to characterize the cases in which it exists and give a decidable sufficient condition for the existence of the most specific concept. Under this condition, it can be computed in polynomial time.
Completeness of E-unification with eager Variable Elimination
Authors:   Theoretical Computer Science Dresden University of Technology, Morawska Barbara
Published: May 2022

The paper contains a proof of completeness of a goal-directed inference system for general E-unification with eager Variable Elimination. The proof is based on an analysis of a concept of ground, equational proof. The theory of equational proofs is developed in the first part. Solving variables in a goal is then shown to be reflected in defined transformations of an equational proof. The termination of these transformations proves termination of inferences with eager Variable Elimination.
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Graduate Student-Led Transfer Student Mentorship Program
Authors: Reeves Audrey , Bischoff Amanda , Yates Brice , Brauer Daniel , Baranger Anne
Published: May 2022

The undergraduate transfer process has well-documented challenges, especially for those who identify with groups histori-cally excluded from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs. Because transfer students gain later access to university networking and research opportunities than first-time-in-college students, transfer students inter-ested in pursuing post-baccalaureate degrees in chemistry have a significantly shortened timeline in which to conduct re-search, a crucial component in graduate school applications. Mentorship programs have previously been instituted as effec-tive platforms for the transferal of community cultural wealth within large institutions. We report here the design, institu-tion, and assessment of a near-peer mentorship program for transfer students, the Transfer Student Mentorship Program (TSMP). Founded in 2020 by graduate students, the TSMP pairs incoming undergraduate transfer students with current graduate students for personalized mentorship and conducts discussion-based seminars to foster peer relationships. The transfer student participants have access to a fast-tracked networking method during their first transfer semester that can serve as a route for acquiring undergraduate research positions. Program efficacy was assessed via surveys investigating the rates of research participation and sense of belonging of transfer students. We observed that respondents that participated in the program experienced an overall improvement in these measures compared to respondents that did not. Having been entirely designed, instituted, and led by graduate students, we anticipate that this program will be highly tractable to other universities looking for actionable methods to improve their students’ persistence in pursuing STEM degrees.
Heavy-Atom Quantum Tunnelling in Spin Crossovers of Nitrenes
Authors: Heller Eric R. , Richardson Jeremy O.
Published: May 2022

We simulate two recent matrix-isolation experiments at cryogenic temperatures, in which a nitrene undergoes spin crossover from its triplet state to a singlet state via quantum tunnelling. We detail the failure of the commonly applied weak-coupling method (based on a linear approximation of the potentials) in describing these deep-tunnelling reactions. The more rigorous approach of semiclassical golden-rule instanton theory in conjunction with double-hybrid density-functional theory and multireference perturbation theory does, however, provide rates and kinetic isotope effects in good agreement with experiment. In addition, these calculations locate the optimal tunnelling pathways, which provide a molecular picture of the reaction mechanism. The reactions involve substantial heavy-atom quantum tunnelling of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms, which unexpectedly even continues to play a role at room temperature.
Linker-dependent folding rationalizes PROTAC cell permeability
Authors: Poongavanam Vasanthanathan , Atilaw Yoseph , Siegel Stephan , Giese Anja , Lehmann Lutz , Meibom Daniel , Erdelyi Mate , Kihlberg Jan
Published: May 2022

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) must be cell permeable to reach their target proteins. This is challenging as the bivalent structure of PROTACs puts them in chemical space at, or beyond, the outer limits of oral druggable space. We used NMR spectroscopy and MD simulations independently to gain insight into the origin of the differences in cell permeability displayed by three flexible cereblon PROTACs having closely related structures. Both methods revealed that the propensity of the PROTACs to adopt folded conformations with low solvent accessible 3D polar surface area in an apolar environment correlated to high cell permeability. The flexibility of the linker appeared essential for the PROTACs to populate folded conformations stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds, pi-pi and van der Waals interactions. We conclude that MD simulations may be used for the prospective ranking of cell permeability in the design of cereblon PROTACs.
Cell-sized asymmetric phospholipid–amphiphilic protein vesicles with growth, fission, and molecule transportation
Authors: Suzuki Masato , Kamiya Koki
Published: May 2022

Lipid vesicles, which mimic cell membranes in structure and components, have been widely used to study the origin of life and artificial cell construction. A different approach to developing cell-mimicking systems focuses on the formation of protein- or polypeptide-based vesicles. However, micro-sized vesicles that are similar in membrane dynamics to the cell and that reconstitute membrane proteins are difficult to form. In this study, we generated cell-sized asymmetric phospholipid–amphiphilic protein (oleosin) vesicles that allow the reconstitution of membrane proteins and the growth and fission of vesicles. These vesicles are composed of a lipid membrane on the outer leaflet and an oleosin membrane on the inner leaflet. Further, we elucidated a mechanism for the growth and fission of cell-sized asymmetric phospholipid–oleosin vesicles by feeding phospholipid micelles. Our asymmetric phospholipid–oleosin vesicles with advantages of the lipid leaflet and the protein leaflet will potentially promote understanding of cellular biochemistry and synthetic biology.
Unraveling the Electrocatalytic Reduction Mechanism of Enols on Copper in Aqueous Media
Authors: Cui Zhihao , Dong Xing'an , Cho Sung Gu , Dai Weidong , Dong Fan , Co Anne C.
Published: May 2022

A mechanism is proposed for the direct electrochemical deoxygenation of aldehydes to alkenes and alkanes which has implications in refining biomass-derived fuels for use as transportation fuel, as a potential green synthesis strategy for terminal olefins in aqueous, ambient conditions, and in understanding the reaction pathway for CO2 to C2 and C3 products. Here we report the electrochemical conversion of vinyl alcohol and acetaldehyde on polycrystalline Cu to ethanol, ethylene and ethane; and propenol and propionaldehyde to propanol, propene and propane. Sensitive detection was achieved using a rotating disk electrode coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (RDE-GC-MS). In situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS), and in situ Raman spectroscopy confirmed the adsorption of the vinyl alcohol. Calculations using canonical and grand-canonical density functional theory (DFT and GC-DFT), along with experimental findings suggest that the rate-determining step (RDS) for ethylene and ethane formation is an electron transfer step to the adsorbed vinyl alcohol. Finally, we extend our conclusions to enols resulting from higher-order soluble aldehyde and ketone.
Coupled interfacial and bulk kinetics govern the timescales of multiphase ozonolysis reactions
Authors: Willis Megan , Wilson Kevin
Published: May 2022

Chemical transformations in aerosol impact the lifetime of particle-phase species, the fate of atmospheric pollutants, and both climate and health-relevant aerosol properties. Timescales for multiphase reactions of ozone in atmospheric aqueous phases are governed by coupled kinetic processes between the gas-phase, the particle interface and its bulk, which respond dynamically to reactive consumption of O3. However, models of atmospheric aerosol reactivity often do not account for the coupled nature of multiphase processes. To examine these dynamics, we use new and prior experimental observations of aqueous droplet reaction kinetics, including three systems with a range of surface affinities and ozonolysis rate coefficients (trans-aconitic acid (C6H6O6), maleic acid (C4H4O4) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2)). Using literature rate coefficients and thermodynamic properties, we constrain a simple two-compartment stochastic kinetic model, which resolves the interface from the particle bulk and represents O3 partitioning, diffusion and reaction as a coupled kinetic system. Our kinetic model accurately predicts decay kinetics across all three systems, demonstrating that both the thermodynamic properties of O3 and the coupled kinetic and diffusion processes are key to making accurate predictions. An enhanced concentration of adsorbed O3, compared to gas and bulk phases, is rapidly maintained and remains constant even as O3 is consumed by reaction. Multiphase systems dynamically seek to achieve equilibrium in response to reactive O3 loss, but this is hampered at solute concentrations relevant to aqueous aerosol by the rate of O3 arrival in the bulk by diffusion. As a result, bulk-phase O3 becomes depleted from its Henry’s Law solubility. This bulk-phase O3 depletion limits reaction timescales for relatively slow-reacting organic solutes with low interfacial affinity (i.e., trans-aconitic and maleic acids, with krxn ~ 10^3 - 104 M-1 s-1), which is in contrast to fast-reacting solutes with higher surface affinity (i.e., nitrite, with krxn ~ 10^5 M-1 s-1) where surface reactions strongly impact observed decay kinetics.
Plasmonic Nanoscale Temperature Shaping on a Single Titanium Nitride Nanostructure
Authors: Tamura Mamoru , Iida Takuya , Setoura Kenji
Published: May 2022

Arbitrary shaping of temperature fields at the nanometer scale is an important goal in nanotechnology; this is challenging due to diffusive nature of heat transfer. In the present work, we have numerically demonstrated that spatial shaping of nanoscale temperature fields can be achieved by plasmonic heating of a single titanium nitride (TiN) nanostructure. A key feature of TiN is its low thermal conductivity (k_TiN = 29 [W m−1K−1]) compared with ordinary plasmonic metals such as Au (k_Au = 314 [W m−1K−1]). When localized surface plasmon resonance of a metal nanostructure is excited, light intensity will be converted to heat power density in the nanostructure via the Joule heating effect. For a gold nanoparticle, nonuniform spatial distributions of the heat power density will be disappeared due to the high thermal conductivity of Au; the nanoparticle surface will be entirely isothermal. In contrast, the spatial distributions of the heat power density can be clearly transcribed into temperature fields on a TiN nanostructure because heat dissipation is suppressed. In fact, we have revealed that highly localized temperature distributions can be selectively controlled around the TiN nanostructure in the several tens of nm spatial resolution depending on excitation wavelength. The present results indicate that the arbitrary temperature shaping at the nanometer scale can be achieved by designing the heat power density in TiN nanostructures in plasmonic heating, leading to unconventional thermofluidics and thermal chemical biology.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Flap Outcomes in Plastic Surgery: Protocol of a Systematic Review
Authors: Moosa Sabreena , Dydynsky Robert
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Free flap surgery encompasses reconstruction of diverse tissue defects. Flap failure and complications such as infection and ischemia remain a concern following flap surgery, with the current post-operative standard of care being frequent bedside monitoring. Artificial intelligence such as machine learning models could help support surgeons in postoperative monitoring and predicting complications. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide the framework for a review analyzing the existing literature behind the use of artificial intelligence in assessing flap surgery outcomes and predicting postoperative complications.
Methods: A systematic review will be conducted using EMBASE and MEDLINE (1974 to October 2021) to identify relevant literature. This will include studies investigating Artificial Intelligence and machine learning models used in the postoperative setting of flap surgery. Primary outcomes will include evaluating the accuracy of evaluating outcomes following flap surgery based on these models, including: flap success, healing and complications up to 1 month following surgery. Secondary outcomes include the analysis of benefits and drawbacks of using machine learning models for outcomes following flap surgery. Studies will be screened by two independent reviewers; risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool with methodological quality assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool.
Discussion: This protocol will provide the framework for a review summarizing the current literature exploring the role of Artificial Intelligence for flap surgery outcomes. Results will help provide surgeons with an overview of current applications and identify areas of potential further research and development.
Conclusion: As current clinical practice is regular bedside monitoring, integrating Artificial Intelligence could make the process more efficient, accurate and safer for patients and reduce labour burden or healthcare system costs. This review can help identify areas of potential and improvement which could further aid achieving successful outcomes following flap surgery.
Budget Builds: Affordable Home Solutions.
Authors:   , Taylor Zachary
Published: May 2022

Affordable housing is becoming an increasing issue in New Zealand as current house prices are increasing expeditiously, severely affecting first home buyers with no pre-existing assets. The purpose of this paper is to rethink the way we inhabit homes by examining developing countries approaches of incremental and self-help construction to generate affordable solutions. Although successful incremental designs have been reached in a third world approach, little research shows how these ideas can benefit first home buyers in a first world context with aid from prefabrication. This paper investigates the specific context of New Zealand through a digital and physical experimental approach of design.

The resulting design proposal develops expandable homes that allow inexperienced users access to engage in self-help building methods to achieve cost reductions. Design considerations are influenced by affordability, construction, and income to develop a preliminary understanding on how the combination of incremental and self-help techniques could prove an affordable platform for first home buyers.

Analysis of the developed design highlights that a cost-effective outcome is not possible through standard forms of prefabrication. As the material and manufacturing processes chosen to allow engagement of inexperienced users was not cost-effective, additional research is found to be needed to generate an alternative solution.
Entre álbuns e bordados: lembranças e histórias
Authors: Gomes dos Santos Rocha Rosana
Published: May 2022

Nesse artigo, pretende-se demonstrar a relevância dos arquivos do Acervo Nina Sargaço, que reúne materiais relacionados às práticas têxteis e aos ofícios de agulha e linha do país.  Entre eles, álbuns de amostras do ensino de corte e costura e pontos de bordados que figuraram em escolas e cursos de ensino da respectiva atividade,  na segunda metade do século XX no Brasil.