bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recientes aportaciones al urbanismo bajomedieval de Crevillent (Alicante): el cementerio mudéjar del raval
Authors: Trelis Martí Julio , Ortega Pérez José Ramón , Tejerina Antón Daniel , Esquembre Bebia Marco Aurelio
Published: January 2016

Unas obras de rehabilitación en el sector oriental del Casco Antiguo de Crevillent (Alicante), han permitido localizar parcialmente una necrópolis mudéjar encuadrada cronológicamente entre los siglos XIV-XV. Se han registrado 31 inhumaciones depositadas en estrechas fosas excavadas en la tierra, con individuos de diferentes edades, combinándose la colocación del cadáver en decúbito lateral derecho y decúbito supino. Este cementerio mudéjar se sitúa en las afueras del núcleo urbano y justo al lado de uno de los caminos de salida de la ciudad, colindando con el denominado “raval” núcleo de población islámica de origen feudal (S. XIV). Hemos podido datar por C-14 los restos óseos de dos sepulturas, así como presentar anexo el estudio osteoarqueológico de cada enterramiento, suponiendo todo un avance en la investigación de los espacios funerarios islámicos, de difícil definición. A nivel de Crevillent, esta excavación supone un hito en la arqueología urbana y en el conocimiento de su urbanismo medieval.
Anexo. Necrópolis mudéjar de Crevillent: estudio osteoarqueológico
Authors: Miguel Ibáñez María Paz de
Published: January 2016

El reciente hallazgo de la necrópolis mudéjar de Crevillent, nos ha dado la oportunidad de estudiar los restos humanos de una población de cronología y contexto sumamente interesante.
Dificultades políticas de Trajano (los años 107-112)
Authors: González-Conde Puente María Pilar
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo trata el período de estancia de Trajano en Roma entre el final de la segunda guerra dácica y el giro político ca. 112 a través del mensaje político en las monedas y, especialmente, como explicación a la aparición de la leyenda DACIA AUGUSTA PROVINCIA en acuñaciones de los años 112-114 d.C.
Caracterización de los procesos de producción lítica durante la Edad del Bronce en el Levante de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Jover Maestre Francisco Javier
Published: January 2016

Se presentan algunas consideraciones generales sobre los procesos de producción lítica durante la Edad del Bronce en el Levante de la península Ibérica, a partir del estudio de las evidencias líticas documentadas en un amplio número de asentamientos y de su comparación cualitativa con las producciones de las fases arqueológicas previas.
Aproximación arqueológica al estudio de los paisajes aterrazados en el área central valenciana
Authors: Grau Mira Ignacio , Pérez Rodríguez Verónica
Published: January 2016

A pesar de la importancia de las terrazas agrícolas en la configuración actual del paisaje valenciano, su estudio arqueológico ha sido prácticamente desatendido. Con el objetivo de entender la profundidad histórica de estos parcelarios de montaña, en el siguiente artículo se realiza una revisión de las evidencias arqueológicas de terrazas residenciales y agrícolas en el área central de valenciana desde la prehistoria hasta época romana. Estas evidencias se ponen en relación con paisajes aterrazados de otros ámbitos geográficos con la finalidad de entender las contingencias ecológicas y socio-históricas que condujeron a la construcción de estos paisajes antropogénicos.
La red de acueductos de la Valentia romana: canales de abastecimiento rural al sur del Túria
Authors: Hortelano Uceda Ignacio
Published: January 2016

El presente artículo es una revisión de las redes hidráulicas de época romana que toman sus aguas en la ribera sur del Túria y sirven para el abastecimiento rural de la comarca del Pla de Quart, en el territorium de Valentia. Se presentan sus trazados conforme a los tramos conocidos como fruto de recientes trabajos de prospección y estudio altimétrico y se propone su relación con los asentamientos rurales del área centuriada del sur de Valentia.
La aplicación de análisis arqueotectónicos en la arquitectura doméstica emiral del Tolmo de Minateda (Hellín, Albacete)
Authors: Cañavate Castejón Víctor
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo presenta estructuras espaciales resultantes por el proceso de desarrollo islámico en el yacimiento del Tolmo de Minateda. El análisis está realizado bajo una óptica muy específica: se estudian los espacios domésticos que se vienen configurando en este asentamiento, así como su progresiva privacidad con respecto al espacio publico. Se presenta la configuración espacial de tres viviendas, las cuales expresan diferentes procesos de crecimiento. La comparación de sus estructuras espaciales muestra la aparición del patio central privado, la jerarquía de ciertas estancias, el incremento de la dificultad de acceso a la vivienda y la descentralización de las actividades domésticas. El resultado supone una ruptura con el anterior modelo de ocupación del yacimiento.
El Molón (Camporrobles, Valencia): un poblado de primera época islámica
Authors: Lorrio Alvarado Alberto José , Sánchez de Prado María Dolores
Published: January 2016

El poblado islámico antiguo de El Molón (Camporrobles, Valencia) se localiza sobre una gran muela cretácica que controla el noroeste de la Comarca de Utiel-Requena y las tierras conquenses circundantes. La existencia de una laguna a los pies del cerro, además de su carácter estratégico y defensivo, favorecerá un asentamiento, tipo hisn, en el que destaca la presencia de un singular edificio de carácter religioso, la mezquita. Se trata de un asentamiento fortificado estructurado en tres zonas, pudiendo añadir, además, tanto un posible arrabal en la ladera sur del cerro, como algunos aterrazamientos y una cisterna en la ladera norte. El Cerro de El Molón, con una importante ocupación durante la Edad del Hierro, vuelve a habitarse hacia los siglos VIII-X d.C., como confirma la aparición, casi exclusiva, de los tipos más antiguos de la «olla valenciana».
Los alifatos sobre hueso: un ejemplar del casco antiguo de Alicante
Authors: Doménech Belda Carolina , López Seguí Eduardo
Published: January 2016

En el presente artículo damos a conocer una escápula de bóvido con una inscripción en árabe exhumada en el interior de un pozo reutilizado como basurero en un solar del casco antiguo de la ciudad de Alicante. El hueso fue preparado para ser usado como soporte de escritura y presenta en una de sus caras las letras del alfabeto árabe grabadas mediante incisión. Este tipo de piezas, consideradas tradicionalmente como tablillas de escritura para aprender árabe, han sido tratadas recientemente como amuletos. Sin embargo, un análisis estratigráfico y del contenido de las inscripciones parece sugerir su uso como modelo donde aprender las letras del alfabeto árabe.
Una pelíke del pintor de Eucharides procedente de Cabezo Lucero (Alicante)
Authors: Almagro-Gorbea Martín
Published: January 2016

Pelíke del Pintor de Eucharides identificado en la necrópolis ibérica de Cabezo Lucero (Alicante). Se analizan sus paralelos y su significado como posible urna cineraria de una de las tumbas más antiguas de la necrópolis y como documento de la política de expansión focense en el Sureste durante los años de las Guerras Médicas.
La aldea ibérica de L’Alt del Punxó: producción agrícola y asentamiento campesino en el área central de la Contestania
Authors: Espí Pérez Israel , Grau Mira Ignacio , López Seguí Eduardo , Torregrosa Giménez Palmira
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo damos a conocer un hábitat rural de época ibérica excavado con motivo de recientes obras de construcción de la Autovía del Mediterráneo a su paso por la localidad de Muro de l’Alcoi (El Comtat, Alacant). La aldea está conformada por cabañas, instalaciones de procesamiento agrícola y un camino empedrado que se datan entre los ss. VII y IV aC. L’Alt del Punxó ha permitido un considerable avance en el conocimiento de las formas de ocupación rural y articulación de la actividad económica de este territorio ibérico. La lectura integrada de la documentación permite abordar distintas cuestiones de la organización económica y social de los grupos ibéricos del área central de la Contestania.
Antonia Clementina, propietaria de tierras en la Colonia Iulia Urbs Triumphalis Tarraco
Authors: Gregorio Navarro María Carmen Delia
Published: January 2016

Se estudia la inscripción levantada en honor de Antonia Clementina, oriunda de Tarraco en el siglo II . El epitafio nos pone en contacto con la nueva situación jurídica favorable para algunas mujeres del Imperio, reflejada en la propiedad de tierras y la capacidad para testar.
Legiones rebeldes y su destrucción premeditada: el caso de Tétrico, emperador gálico, comparado en las fuentes
Authors: Sancho Gómez Miguel P.
Published: January 2016

En este artículo se presenta el caso de las legiones romanas en el Imperio Gálico, el estado paralelo occidental durante la Anarquía Militar del siglo III ; tras asesinar a varios altos funcionarios y emperadores estas tropas habían llegado a un punto de indisciplina tal que el propio Tétrico decidió traicionar a su ejército para que fuese destruido y rendirse, buscando su salvación en la clemencia de Aureliano. Se analiza aquí ese episodio histórico y es comparado con otros dos casos similares, relacionados con la usurpación de Magnencio en Occidente y la conquista bizantina de África en tiempos de Justiniano.
Nuevas marcas sobre tégulas romanas en enclaves de la costa de Alicante (Hispania Citerior)
Authors: Abascal Palazón Juan Manuel
Published: January 2016

Entre 1990 y 2006 diversas excavaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en la provincia de Alicante proporcionaron quince nuevas marcas de oficina sobre tégulas romanas. La mayor parte procede de la villa de El Moralet, en Benidorm, y el resto del área de la antigua colonia de Ilici y de su puerto, el Portus Ilicitanus (Santa Pola). En este trabajo se ofrece el catálogo de esos ejemplares.
Editorial
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: January 2016

Editorial
Motivational dynamics in language learning, Zoltán Dörnyei, Peter D. MacIntyre and Alastair Henry Publisher: Multilingual Matters, 2015 ISBN: 978-1-78309-255-0 Pages: 430
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: January 2016

Book review
Second language pragmatic ability: Individual differences according to environment
Authors: Wyner Lauren , Cohen Andrew D.
Published: January 2016

The aims of this paper are to review research literature on the role that the second language (L2) and foreign language (FL) environments actually play in the development of learners’ target language (TL) pragmatic ability, and also to speculate as to the extent to which individual factors can offset the advantages that learners may have by being in the L2 context while they are learning. The paper starts by defining pragmatics and by problematizing this definition. Then, attention is given to research literature dealing with the learning of pragmatics in an L2 context compared to an FL context. Next, studies on the role of pragmatic transfer are considered, with subsequent attention given to the literature on the incidence of pragmatic transfer in FL as opposed to L2 contexts. Finally, selected studies on the role of motivation in the development of pragmatic ability are examined. In the discussion section, a number of pedagogical suggestions are offered: the inclusion of pragmatics in teacher development, the use of authentic pragmatics materials, motivating learners to be more savvy about pragmatics, and supporting learners in accepting or challenging native-speaker norms. Suggestions as to further research in the field are also offered.
Affordances perspective and grammaticalization: Incorporation of language, environment and users in the model of semantic paths
Authors: Andrason Alexander , Visser Marianna
Published: January 2016

The present paper demonstrates that insights from the affordances perspective can contribute to developing a more comprehensive model of grammaticalization. The authors argue that the grammaticalization process is afforded differently depending on the values of three contributing parameters: the factor (schematized as a qualitative-quantitative map or a wave of a gram), environment (understood as the structure of the stream along which the gram travels), and actor (narrowed to certain cognitive-epistemological capacities of the users, in particular to the fact of being a native speaker). By relating grammaticalization to these three parameters and by connecting it to the theory of optimization, the proposed model offers a better approximation to realistic cases of grammaticalization: The actor and environment are overtly incorporated into the model and divergences from canonical grammaticalization paths are both tolerated and explicable.
Phylogenetic Analysis of PDV Movement Protein Compared to Bromoviridae Members as Justification of Possible Intercellular Movement
Authors: Kozieł Edmund , Otulak Katarzyna , Garbaczewska Grażyna
Published: January 2016

Prune dwarf virus (PDV) is a member of the Ilarvirus genus which is widely spread all over the world and causes considerable economic losses in nurseries and orchards. The virus is transmitted via seeds and pollen and through vegetative reproduction. However, the mechanisms of cell-to-cell and systemic transport of the virus are still not known. For the first time this study presents phylogenetic characterization of the movement protein (MP) of PDV isolates from the GenBank database in the context of geographic origin. The prepared analyses were based on a comparison of the whole amino acid sequence of the MP-PDV, the RNA-binding domain (RBD) in MP of PDV and MPs of four viruses from the Bromoviridae family with known transport mechanisms. Two different bioinformatic programs ClustalW and Jalview were used, and MP sequence variability up to 8% at the amino acid level among PDV isolates was confirmed. In the constructed phylogenetic trees the isolate sequences clustered in three conserved groups. Further analyses revealed similarity of the MP amino acid sequence of PDV and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) of up to 34% and a 40% similarity of RBD between these viruses which suggested that the PDV transport mechanism may be on some level the same as that for AMV.
Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus: A new species to the Bulgarian avifauna /Bledi srakoper Lanius isabellinus: Nova vrsta v bolgarski avifavni
Authors: Ignatov Assen , Mitev Daniel , Berkelder Rob , Poel Paul van der
Published: January 2016

Pozvetek

Bledi srakoper Lanius isabellinus gnezdi v širokem pasu od Irana prek osrednje Azije in severne Kitajske do Mongolije. Prezimuje v osrednji in vzhodni Afriki, Pakistanu in Indiji. V Evropi se redno pojavlja, predvsem med koncem aprila in začetkom junija ter med začetkom septembra in koncem novembra. Pojavljata se (pod)vrsti isabellinus in phoenicuroides. V srednji in jugovzhodni Evropi so znana opazovanja iz Avstrije (3), Romunije (1) in Grčije (8). Avtorji prispevka predstavljajo prvi opazovanji za Bolgarijo, in sicer je bil 24. 5. 2010 na gori Slavjanka opazovan drugoletni samec nedoločene (pod)vrste, 28. 9. 2014 na jezeru Durankulak pa odrasel samec (pod)vrste isabellinus. Opazovanji je kot prvo in drugo za državo potrdila bolgarska komisija za redkosti BUNARCO.
Two ploidy levels of genetically delimited groups of the Calypogeia fissa complex (Jungermanniopsida, Calypogeiaceae)
Authors: Buczkowska Katarzyna , Hornik Bartosz , Czołpińska Magdalena
Published: January 2016

Calypogeia fissa is a suboceanic-mediterrean and amphiatlantic species, which comprises two subspecies: C. fissa subsp. fissa occurring in Europe and C. fissa subsp. neogea Schust. known from North America. Recently, within the European part of distribution, three groups (PS, PB and G) were distinguished with the aid of genetic and molecular markers. The flow cytometry results revealed that two of the detected groups of the European C. fissa, which are frequent in Poland (PS and PB), differ in ploidy level: the PS group is haploid, whereas the PB group is diploid. Isozyme pattern at two loci may suggest an allopolyploid origin of the diploid PB group.
Lactuca tatarica (Asteraceae) in embryonic dunes on Wolin Island (NW Poland)
Authors: W. A. Wojciech Kowalski , Łysko Andrzej , Popiela Agnieszka
Published: January 2016

By the end of the 19th century, Lactuca tatarica was reported for the first time from an adventive occurrence on the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts. In Wolin Island, the species has become established in the natural habitat and is clearly spreading in recent years. The community with L. tatarica was studied currently on the western point of Wolin Island along the stretch between the mouth of the Świna (Swine) River and a newly constructed breakwater of the external harbour. The taxon occupies relatively low parts of the sandy elevations of dune ridges, in patches of the Honckenyo-Agropyretum juncei association (habitat 2110). Furthermore, L. tatarica has been reported in recent years from some locations in Świnoujście (Usedom (Uznam) Island), Międzyzdroje, Wisełka and Międzywodzie.
Frequencies of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Haplotypes of the SLCO1B1 Gene in Selected Populations of the Western Balkans
Authors: Daka Grapci A. , Dimovski A. J. , Kapedanovska A. , Vavlukis M. , Eftimov A. , Matevska Geshkovska N. , Labachevski N. , Jakjovski K. , Gorani D. , Kedev S. , Mladenovska Kristina
Published: January 2016

As a membrane influx transporter, organic anion- transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) regulates the cellular uptake of a number of endogenous compounds and drugs. The aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) gene encoding this transporter in two ethnic groups populating the Western Balkans. The distribution of SCLO1B1 alleles was determined at seven variant sites (c.388A>G, c.521T>C, c.571T>C, c.597C>T, c.1086C>T, c.1463G>C and c.*439T>G) in 266 Macedonians and 94 Albanians using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. No significant difference in the frequencies of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was observed between these populations. The frequency of the c.521T>C SNP was the lowest (<13.7 and 12.2%, respectively), while the frequencies of all other SNP alleles were above 40.0%. Variant alleles of c.1463G>C and c.1086 C>T SNPs were not identified in either ethnic group. The haplotype analysis revealed 20 and 21 different haplotypes in the Macedonian and Albanian population, respectively. The most common haplotype in both ethnic groups, *1J/*1K/*1L, had a frequency of 39.0% and 26.6%, respectively. In both populations, the variant alleles of the functionally significant c.521T>C and c.388A>G SNPs existed in one major haplotype (*15/*16/*17), with a frequency of 8.6 and 2.4% in the Macedonian and Albanian subjects, respectively. In conclusion, sequence variations of the SLCO1B1 gene in the studied populations occur at high frequencies, which are similar to that of the Caucasian population. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of these SNPs and/ or the major SLCO1B1 haplotypes they form for a large number of substrates and for susceptibility to certain diseases.
Investigation of Fasciculation and Elongation Protein ζ-1 (FEZ1) in Peripheral Blood Reveals Differences in Gene Expression in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Vachev T.I. , Stoyanova V.K. , Ivanov H.Y. , Minkov I.N. , Popov N.T.
Published: January 2016

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by affective, neuromorphological and cognitive impairment, deteriorated social functioning and psychosis with underlying molecular abnormalities, including gene expression changes. Observations have suggested that fasciculation and elongation protein ζ-1 (FEZ1) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, our current knowledge of the expression of FEZ1 in peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristic gene expression patterns of FEZ1 in peripheral blood samples from schizophrenia patients. We performed quantitative reverse-transcriptase (qRT-PCR) analysis using peripheral blood from drug-free schizophrenia patients (n = 29) and age and gender-matched general population controls (n = 24). For the identification of FEZ1 gene expression patterns, we applied a comparative threshold cycle (CT) method. A statistically significant difference of FEZ1 mRNA level was revealed in schizophrenia subjects compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0034). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first describing a down-regulation of FEZ1 gene expression in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia. Our results suggested a possible functional role of FEZ1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and confirmed the utility of peripheral blood samples for molecular profiling of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. The current study describes FEZ1 gene expression changes in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia with significantly down-regulation of FEZ1 mRNA. Thus, our results provide support for a model of SZ pathogenesis that includes the effects of FEZ1 expression.
The Relationship Between Transcript Expression Levels of Nuclear Encoded (TFAM, NRF1) and Mitochondrial Encoded (MT-CO1) Genes in Single Human Oocytes During Oocyte Maturation
Authors: Ghaffari Novin M. , Allahveisi Azra , Noruzinia M. , Farhadifar F. , Yousefian E. , Dehghani Fard A. , Salimi M.
Published: January 2016

In some cases of infertility in women, human oocytes fail to mature when they reach the metaphase II (MII) stage. Mitochondria plays an important role in oocyte maturation. A large number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), copied in oocytes, is essential for providing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during oocyte maturation. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between transcript expression levels of the mitochondrial encoded gene (MT-CO1) and two nuclear encoded genes, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in various stages of human oocyte maturation. Nine consenting patients, age 21-35 years old, with male factors were selected for ovarian stimulation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures. mRNA levels of mitochondrial- related genes were performed by singlecell TaqMan® quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). There was no significant relationship between the relative expression levels in germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes (p = 0.62). On the contrary, a significant relationship was seen between the relative expression levels of TFAM and NRF1 and the MT-CO1 genes at the stages of metaphase I (MI) and MII (p = 0.03 and p = 0.002). A relationship exists between the transcript expression levels of TFAM and NRF1, and MT-CO1 genes in various stages of human oocyte maturation.
Monoclonal antibody therapeutics as potential interferences on protein electrophoresis and immunofixation
Authors: Willrich Maria Alice V. , Ladwig Paula M. , Andreguetto Bruna D. , Barnidge David R. , Murray David L. , Katzmann Jerry A. , Snyder Melissa R.
Published: January 2016

The use of therapeutic recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has triggered concerns of mis-diagnosis of a plasma cell dyscrasia in treated patients. The purpose of this study is to determine if infliximab (INF), adalimumab (ADA), eculizumab (ECU), vedolizumab (VEDO), and rituximab (RITU) are detected as monoclonal proteins by serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE).

Pooled normal sera were spiked with various concentrations (ranging from trough to peak) of INF, ADA, ECU, VEDO and RITU. The peak concentration for VEDO and RITU was also added to samples with known monoclonal gammopathies. All samples were analyzed by SPEP (Helena Laboratories) and IFE (Sebia); sera containing peak concentrations of mAbs were reflexed to electrospray-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (AbSciex Triple TOF 5600) for the intact light chain monoclonal immunoglobulin rapid accurate mass measurement (miRAMM).

For all mAbs tested, no quantifiable M-spikes were observed by SPEP at any concentration analyzed. Small γ fraction abnormalities were noted on SPEP for VEDO at 300 μg/mL and RITU at 400 μg/mL, with identification of small IgG κ proteins on IFE. Using miRAMM for peak samples, therapeutic mAbs light chain accurate masses were identified above the polyclonal background and were distinct from endogenous monoclonal gammopathies.

MAbs should not be easily confounded with plasma cell dyscrasias in patients undergoing therapy except when a SPEP and IFE are performed within a couple of days from infusion (peak). In ambiguous cases the use of the miRAMM technology could precisely identify the therapeutic mAb distinct from any endogenous monoclonal protein.
Efficient Two-Step Approach for Automatic Number Plate Detection
Authors: Gorovyi Ievgen
Published: January 2016

intelligent transportation systems are rapidly growing mainly due to active development of novel hardware and software solutions. In the paper a problem of automatical number plate detection is considered. An efficient two-step approach based on plate candidates extraction with further classification by neural network is proposed. Stroke width transform and contours detection techniques are utilized for the image preprocessing and extraction of regions of interest. Different local feature sets are used for the final number plate detection step. Efficiency of the developed method is tested with real datasets.
Excise Tax on Alcohol According to Legal Law of Slovak Republic In Terms Of Eu Secondary Law Transposition / Spotrebná Daň Z Liehu V Právnom Poriadku Slovenskej Republiky Z Hľadiska Transpozície Sekundárneho Práva Eú
Authors: Beňuš Ondrej
Published: January 2016

Distilling industry is among the traditional sectors of the food industry. It is a significant producers of agricultural primary production and the most stable component of demand in the labour market. Among all the sectors of the food industry, however, it is subject to the greatest extent of the regulation of the business by state, when a crucial component of regulation is the legal regulation of the selection of the excise tax on alcohol. Given the considerable degree of regulation of excise taxes on alcoholic beverages by one of the secondary law of the EU, it is considered appropriate to assess the level of transposition of basic elements of excise tax on alcohol, as defined by literature, into the legal order of the Slovak Republic.
Immigration of Highly–Skilled Workers to Estonia: Current Trends and Legislative Framework / Imigrácia Kvalifikovanej Pracovnej Sily Do Estónska: Súčasné Trendy A Právny Rámec
Authors: Alavi Hamed , Khamichonak Tatsiana
Published: January 2016

Estonian immigration policies have been largely influenced by its historical development. The figures from 1989 show that the population was only 61.5 percent Estonian by origin with the remaining 38.5 percent belonging to other ethnic backgrounds. Remarkably, 26 percent of the Estonian population were foreign born.(1) After joining the European Union in 2004, Estonia faced a high rate of outward migration, which was connected, inter alia, to the higher average salaries of the other Member States. The rapid expansion of the Estonian economy and growth of employment coupled with the negative population growth contributed to the need of foreign skilled labour.(2) Besides, the recent reform in the education system accounts for shortage of technical specialists in some labour areas.(3) It is thus not surprising that Estonian government employs focused, selective and demand-based immigration strategies to fight the ‘global war for talents’.(4),(5) The objective of the restrictive immigration policy is to attract first and foremost highly qualified professionals in the strategic economic areas while avoiding uncontrolled immigration and increase the sustainability and competitiveness of the Estonian economy. First part of current paper provides an overview of who falls under the classification of a ‘skilled’ worker and the Estonian perspective on talent attraction and retention. The second part lays down the existing legal framework, which covers the conditions and procedures of knowledge-worker’s immigration to Estonia. Particularly, this includes the relatively recent amendments to the Aliens Act 2004, which came into force in 2008 and set forth a facilitated approach towards entry and residence requirements.
Application of Non-Project Measure of the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 - Multifunctional Field Margins (Biostrips on Arable Land) in 2015 / Aplikácia Neprojektových Opatrení V Programe Rozvoja Vidieka 2014- 2020 – Multifunkčné Okraje Polí (Biopásy Na Ornej Pôde) V Roku 2015
Authors: Palšová Lucia
Published: January 2016

Agri-environmental measures are a key element for the integration of environmental concerns into the Common Agricultural Policy. They are designed to encourage farmers to protect and enhance the environment on their farmland by paying them for the provision of environmental services. Farmers commit themselves, for a minimum period of at least five years, to adopt environmentally friendly farming techniques that go beyond legal obligations. In return, farmers receive payments that provide compensation for additional costs and losses of income resulting from applying those environmentally friendly farming practices in line with the stipulations of agri-environmental contracts. Agri-environmental measures may be designed at national, regional or local level so that they can be adapted to the particular farming systems and environmental conditions, which vary greatly throughout the EU. This makes agri-environment a potentially precise tool for achieving environmental goals.
Legislation of Renewable Energy Sources In Slovakia / Legislatívna Úprava Obnoviteľných Zdrojov Energie Na Slovensku
Authors: Marišová Eleonóra , Ilková Zuzana , Palšová Lucia , Mandalová Kristína
Published: January 2016

Growing renewable energy plants on agricultural land and its further energy usage presents a significant importance for implementing long-term strategy of Slovakia in the area of acquisition and use of renewable energy sources (RES). Renewable energy plants together fulfil the objectives of Europe 2020 strategy and contributes to diversification of energy resources. The paper draws on the EU and national legislation regulating RES. Directive 2009/28/EC of the European parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC are analysed. Broadly, the topic of the renewable energy resources is integrated in Rural Development Program 2014 - 2020. More specifically, Biomass Action Plan 2008- 2013, Strategy of higher use of the renewable energy resources in Slovakia and Strategy of energy security of Slovakia till 2030 have been adopted. Sustainable use of agricultural land, its management and use, as well as the protection of its quality and functions are regulated by Act No. 220/2004 Coll. on the protection and use of agricultural land and amending the Act no. 245/2003 Coll. on integrated prevention and control of environmental pollution and amending certain acts as amended which came into the force 1. May 2004. Act. No. 57/2013 Coll. with is in effect from 1 April 2013, establishes the principles and procedure for the establishment of plantations of fast-growing trees on agricultural land. Slovak legislation introduced a register for fast-growing trees in Slovak territories at each district office, Land and Forest Department in Slovakia (72). The survey at registers shows that this legislation promoted the farmers to start to use marginal land for fast-growing trees.
Properties of ω-Continuous Functions
Authors: Rajesh N. , Sudha P.
Published: January 2016

In [9] the authors, introduced the notion of ω-continuity and investigated its fundamental properties. In this paper, we investigate some more properties of this type of continuity.
On the Existence of Nontrivial Solutions for Nonlocal Elliptic Kirchhoff Type Problems with Nonlinear Boundary Conditions
Authors: Rasouli S. H. , Salehi B.
Published: January 2016

In this paper, by using the Mountain Pass Lemma, we study the existence of nontrivial solutions for a nonlocal elliptic Kirchhoff type equation together with nonlinear boundary conditions.
Instability in Multi Delay Functional Differential Equations of Fourth Order
Authors: Tunç Cemil
Published: January 2016

A vector functional differential equation of the fourth order with multiple deviating arguments is considered. New sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the instability of the zero solution of the equation to be considered. We give an example to illustrate the subject.
Synergetic Linguistics: Do We Need Better Explanatory Mechanism?
Authors: Milička Jiří
Published: January 2016

The article is a short reaction to the Zámečník’s paper
On the regulative role of the glutamate receptor in mitochondria
Authors: Selin Alexey A. , Lobysheva Natalia V. , Nesterov Semen V. , Skorobogatova Yulia A. , Byvshev Ivan M. , Pavlik Lyubov L. , Mikheeva Irina B. , Moshkov Dmitry A. , Yaguzhinsky Lev S. , Nartsissov Yaroslav R.
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this work was to study the regulative role of the glutamate receptor found earlier in the brain mitochondria. In the present work a glutamate-dependent signaling system with similar features was detected in mitochondria of the heart. The glutamate-dependent signaling system in the heart mitochondria was shown to be suppressed by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The GABA receptor presence in the heart mitochondria was shown by golding with the use of antibodies to α- and β-subunits of the receptor. The activity of glutamate receptor was assessed according to the rate of synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. The glutamate receptor in mitochondria could be activated only under conditions of hypoxic stress, which in model experiments was imitated by blocking Complex I by rotenone or fatty acids. The glutamate signal in mitochondria was shown to be calcium- and potential-dependent and the activation of the glutamate cascade was shown to be accompanied by production of hydrogen peroxide. It was discovered that H2O2 synthesis involves two complexes of the mitochondrial electron transfer system – succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fatty acid dehydrogenase (ETF:QO). Thus, functions of the glutamate signaling system are associated with the system of respiration-glycolysis switching (the Pasteur-Crabtree) under conditions of hypoxia.
Adolescent’s perceptions of parental influences on physical activity
Authors: Rachele Jerome N. , Cuddihy Thomas F. , Washington Tracy L. , McPhail Steven M.
Published: January 2016

Background: Youth physical activity engagement is a key component of contemporary health promotion strategies. Parents have potential to influence the physical activity behaviours of their children. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between adolescent self-reported physical activity, parent physical activity and perceptions of parental influence as measured by the Children’s Physical Activity Correlates (CPAC) questionnaire.

Methods: This investigation included a total of 146 adolescents and their parents. Self-reported measures of physical activity were obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and International Physical Activity Questionnaire for adolescents and their parents respectively. Adolescent perceptions of parental role modelling, support, and encouragement were measured with the parental influences scales of the CPAC.

Results: Ordinary least squares regression indicated that perceptions of parental role modelling (β=197.41, 95% CI 34.33–360.49, p=0.031) was positively associated with adolescent self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with the overall model accounting for a small amount of the variance (R2=0.076).

Conclusion: These results are in agreement with previous research indicating that parents play a small, albeit vital role in the physical activity engagement of their children. Public health campaigns with the aim of promoting youth physical activity should endeavour to incorporate parents into their interventions.
Purification and Characterization of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) Seed Protein Hydrolysates
Authors: Wu Hongyang , Jiang Tailing , Dong Xiaohua , Shen Guanghui , Li Shanshan , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: January 2016

Prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) seed protein was hydrolyzed with papain to obtain hydrolysates with inhibitory activity against angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE). ACE inhibitory peptides (ACEIPs) were successfully purified from seed protein hydrolysates through ultrafiltration and gel chromatography. In vitro ACE inhibitory assay revealed an IC50 value of 0.032± 0.008 mg·mL−1 for a component with <5 kDa molecular weight. Four fractions were isolated by Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography under the following elution conditions: flow rate, 0.6 mL·min−1; initial volume, 2.0 mL; and sample concentration, 30 mg·mL−1. The second fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.021±0.007 mg·mL−1. The stability of the ACE inhibitory activity of the obtained ACEIPs was identified under storage conditions with varied temperature, pH, and gastrointestinal protease digestion. Peptides derived from prickly ash seed protein hydrolysates may be a potential resource for exploring functional food or pharmaceuticals against hypertension.
An inverse problem for Sturm–Liouville operators with non-separated boundary conditions containing the spectral parameter
Authors: Ibadzadeh Chinare G. , Nabiev Ibrahim M.
Published: January 2016

In this paper a boundary value problem is considered
generated by the Sturm–Liouville equation and non-separated boundary
conditions, one of which contains a spectral parameter. We give a uniqueness
theorem, develop an algorithm for solving the inverse problem of
reconstruction of boundary value problems with spectral data. We use the
spectra of two boundary value problems and some sequence of signs as a spectral data.
Parathyroid hormone-ionized calcium dynamics over the first year of life
Authors: Sharma Atul K. , Gallo Sina , Vanstone Catherine A. , Agellon Sherry , L’Abbé Mary , Khamessan Ali , Comeau Kathryn , Weiler Hope A. , Rodd Celia
Published: January 2016

Ionized calcium (iCa) is believed to be the principle determinant of parathyroid hormone concentration (PTH). However, previous studies contained few infants.

This ancillary study from our vitamin D

No significant correlations were observed between iCa and PTH at individual visits (p>0.2). After accounting for repeated measures, PTH decreased with increasing iCa (slope –5.25; 95% confidence intervals (CI) –8.78 to –1.73), decreased with increasing 25(OH)D (slope –0.006; 95% CI –0.009 to –0.002, and increased with later visits (6–12 months, p<0.001),

We observed a weak negative relationship between iCa and PTH and an increase with age consistent with physiologic maturation.
Increased levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in Thai girls with precocious puberty
Authors: Supornsilchai Vichit , Jantarat Chutima , Nosoognoen Wichit , Pornkunwilai Sopon , Wacharasindhu Suttipong , Soder Olle
Published: January 2016

Reports on the secular trend of pubertal onset indicate a recent earlier start especially in girls. Bisphenol A (BPA), which posses estrogenic activity, might be a cause of advanced puberty. The objective of the study was to determine the association between BPA and advanced puberty.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with advanced puberty (n=41) compared to age-matched controls (n=47). Anthropometric measurements, estradiol, basal and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, uterine sizes, ovarian diameters and bone ages were obtained. Urinary BPA concentrations were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MSMS) with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.05 ng/mL.

The median adjust-BPA concentration in advanced puberty group was higher than in control groups [1.44 vs. 0.59 μg/g creatinine (Cr): p<0.05]. We also found that the median adjust-BPA concentration in girls with advanced puberty who were overweight/obese, was greater than in the normal pubertal overweight/obese girls (1.74 vs. 0.59 μg/g Cr: p<0.05), and was in the same trend among normal weight girls with advanced and normal puberty (0.83 vs. 0.49 μg/g Cr: p=0.09), but not statistically significant.

The present findings suggest that BPA exposure appears to be related to an earlier age at onset of puberty especially in obese girls.
Victim Fault and Victim Strict Responsibility in Anglo-American Tort Law
Authors: Simons Kenneth W.
Published: January 2016

Anglo-American tort doctrine pays considerable attention to the conduct of the victim as well as the conduct of the injurer. Moreover, a symmetrical standard of care for victims and injurers is commonly invoked: just as injurers are liable for failure to use reasonable care, victims frequently have their compensation reduced insofar as they, too, failed to use reasonable care. The advent of comparative fault, replacing the all-or-nothing rule of contributory negligence, has made the symmetrical approach seem inexorable and unremarkable.

But symmetry is usually the wrong perspective for the legal system to take towards victim and injurer conduct. Moreover, a uniformly symmetrical approach ignores the nuances of legal doctrine. Courts often depart from symmetry, even in comparative fault jurisdictions. Thus, courts recognize several categorical doctrines that permit

Even when victim conduct

To be sure, symmetry is sometimes appropriate, especially when the actor’s unreasonable conduct creates substantial risks both to others and to himself. But in many other cases, symmetry is much less defensible, at least if one endorses a largely nonconsequentialist rather than a purely utilitarian account of tort law. The law could do more to address the unjustifiable use of symmetrical criteria – for example, the fact-finder could be instructed, or the trial judge could be directed, to treat unreasonable risk to others as a more serious type of fault than unreasonable risk to self.
Molecular imprinting in particle-stabilized emulsions: enlarging template size from small molecules to proteins and cells
Authors: Ye Lei , Zhou Tongchang , Shen Xiantao
Published: January 2016

Molecular imprinting of small organic compounds is now a standard procedure for preparation of tailor-designed affinity materials. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have outstanding stability and can be prepared in a large quantity, therefore are useful replacements for biological receptors for a number of applications including product purification, analytical separation, chemical sensing and controlled delivery and biomineralization. Although preparation of MIPs, in particular using the non-covalent imprinting strategy, has become a routine practice in many research laboratories, new synthetic methods continued to be invented, which contribute to new MIPs with unprecedented functional performances. As the size of the template increases from small organic compounds to biomacromolecules to large virus particles and cells, the traditional methods of imprinting often fail to give useful MIP products. Another important aspect is the shift from organic solvents to water for MIPs designed for treatment or analysis of biological samples. The demand on water-compatibility and recognition of larger entities for MIPs call for new and efficient synthetic methods. This mini review will summarize the recent progress of molecular imprinting using particle-stabilized emulsion as a general synthetic platform to furnish the new MIPs with the desired functions.
Discovery of the element with atomic number Z = 118 completing the 7th row of the periodic table (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Karol Paul J. , Barber Robert C. , Sherrill Bradley M. , Vardaci Emanuele , Yamazaki Toshimitsu
Published: January 2016

The fourth IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) on the priority of claims to the discovery of new elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 has reviewed the relevant literature pertaining to several claims. In accordance with the criteria for the discovery of elements previously established by the 1991 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG), and reinforced in subsequent IUPAC/IUPAP JWP discussions, it was determined that the Dubna-Livermore collaboration has fulfilled those criteria for element Z=118. A synopsis of experiments and related efforts is presented.
Stabilization of the “open” conformer of apoIscU on the surface of polystyrene nanobeads accelerates assembly of a 2Fe2S structure
Authors: Barbiroli Alberto , Bonomi Francesco , Iametti Stefania , Marengo Mauro
Published: January 2016

The scaffold protein IscU is involved in the assembly/transfer of FeS clusters. IscU exists in both open and closed conformation. The clusterless open conformation of IscU adheres to the hydrophobic surface of polystyrene nanobeads, as observed for other proteins. Increased accessibility of the ligand cysteines in bound IscU facilitates assembly of a 2Fe2S cluster, and the cluster-bearing structured form of IscU does not interact with the nanobeads, thus ensuring turnover. The dependence of accelerated cluster assembly on the nanobeads concentration pointed to steric and crowding effects as for promoting cluster formation, and confirms the requirement for structural flexibility of IscU .
Functional investigation of Bacillus subtilis YrkF’s involvement in sulfur transfer reactions
Authors: Martin Hannah L. , Black Katherine A. , Dos Santos Patricia C.
Published: January 2016

Sulfur incorporation into the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) in the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli involves six enzymes. The initial reaction includes the cysteine desulfurase IscS, the sulfurtransferase TusA, and the rhodanese domaincontaining protein YnjE. The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis contains no direct homologs for IscS, but rather four distinct cysteine desulfurases (YrvO, NifS, NifZ, SufS) and YrkF, a two-domain rhodanese protein with an N-terminal domain similar to TusA. Bioinformatic analysis was used to identify potential enzymes involved in the B. subtilis Moco thiolation pathway and in vitro reactions demonstrated that YrkF can accept sulfur from and enhance the activity of YrvO.
The Influence of Manufacturing Oversizing on Postwelding Distortions of the Fillet Welded Joint
Authors: Kozak Janusz , Kowalski Jakub
Published: January 2016

Welding proces is basic joining technique in shipbuilding. Such method generated welding distortions which cause a lot of problems during the manufacturing process. In the literature it is proposed wide spectrum of suggestions for a correct estimation of welding deformation in particular angular deformation in the fillet welded T joint. In the work influence of oversizing of weld on angular distortions of joint is presented basing upon of the results of the laboratory measurements. Values determined on the basis of literature hypotheses are compared with the one obtained from the laboratory test.