bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]
Authors: Lopes Xênia Moreira , Santos Marcos César de Oliveira , Silva Ednilson da , Bassoi Manuela , Santos Roberta Aguiar dos
Published: July 2012

This study presents new information on the feeding habits of the Atlantic spotted dolphins, Stenella frontalis, in the Western South Atlantic. Nine stomach contents of S. frontalis incidentally caught in fishing operations conducted by the gillnet fleet based on main harbour of Cananéia (25°00'S; 47°55'W), southeastern Brazil, were analyzed. These specimens were captured between 2005 and 2007. A total of 1 422 cephalopod beaks, 147 otoliths and three crustaceans were recovered from the stomach contents. The dolphins assessed preyed on at least eight different fish species of the families Trichiuridae, Carangidae, Sparidae, Merluccidae, Engraulidae, Sciaenidae, Congridae and Scombridae, five cephalopod species of the families Loliginidae, Sepiolidae, Tremoctopodidae and Thysanoteuthidae, and one shrimp species of the Penaeidae family. Based on the analysis of the Index of Relative Importance (IRI), the Atlantic cutlassfish, Trichiurus lepturus, was the most important fish species represented. Of the cephalopods, the squid Doryteuthis plei was by far the most representative species. Several items were reported for the first time as prey of the S. frontalis: Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, Tremoctopus violaceus, Semirossia tenera, Merluccius hubbsi, Pagrus pagrus and Paralonchurus brasiliensis. S. frontalis presented teuthophagous and ichthyofagous feeding habits, with apparent predominance of the first, and preyed mainly on pelagic and demersal items.
Distribution and size of the mojarra Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier) (Actinopterygii, Gerreidae) in a Southeastern Brazilian bay
Authors: Costa Marcus Rodrigues da , Albieri Rafael Jardim , Neves Leonardo Mitrano , Santos Alex Braz Lacone , Araujo Francisco Gerson
Published: July 2012

Diapterus rhombeus is one of the most abundant fish species in the Sepetiba bay, which is a 520 km² semi-closed coastal area in Southeastern Brazil. The size and distribution of this species have been described in order to assess the use of the area as a rearing ground in both spatial and temporal (seasonal) dimensions. A fish sampling program was conducted monthly by using an otter trawl between October 1998 and September 1999, in three bay zones (outer, middle and inner), defined according to depth and salinity gradient. Highly significant differences were found for CPUEs (number and biomass) among seasons and zones. Size ranged from 50 to 230 mm TL, and three size-groups were defined according to a maturation scale (n = 1435): 1 - immature (< 80 mm Total Length - TL); 2- individuals at the first maturation (L50) (80-90 mm TL), and 3 - adults (L100) (> 100 mm TL). Immature and L50 individuals were more abundant (number and biomass) during Autumn in the inner zone, while adults (L100) predominated during Summer in the outer zone. Evidences of movements of young-of-the-year (50-90 mm TL) individuals from the inner to the outer zone were detected as they reach larger sizes (180 mm TL) in the second year of life. Condition (k) was higher in larger sized individuals in the outer zone during Spring, when they are apt to start the reproductive process. Two cohorts were detected according to modal progression: the first (smaller size) showing faster growth than the second, evidencing a slower growth rate as they reach larger size. Distinct size classes occupying different bay zones suggest that the age-groups optimize their coexistence by partitioning the available resources, avoiding intra-specific competition.
Suspended shellfish culture impacts on the benthic layer: a case study in Brazilian subtropical waters
Authors: Rudorff Natália de Moraes , Bonetti Carla Van Der Haagen Custodio , Bonetti Filho Jarbas
Published: July 2012

This study aimed to assess benthic impacts of suspended shellfish cultures in two marine farms located in South Bay, Florianópolis (SC, Brazil). The goal was to detect changes in the benthic layer and evaluate the influence of local conditions, such as hydrodynamics and geomorphology, on the degree of impact at each site. The method included analysis of three groups of oceanographic descriptors: hydrodynamic; morpho-sedimentological (bathymetry, grain size and organic content), and ecological (foraminiferal fauna). Data sets were analyzed using geostatistical and multivariate techniques. Ecological descriptors seemed to be more effective under different environmental conditions than sedimentological variables. Those that best identified culture-related biodeposits, were: dominance of Ammonia tepida; test size; and living: total population ratio. Only slight differences were observed within and outside the culture structures. However, a greater alteration was observed at the site with weaker hydrodynamics and located in shallower depths. The conclusion is that biodeposition at studied still causes little alteration in the local benthic environment. However, local factors such as hydrodynamics and geomorphology were shown to be important in minimizing these impacts. These are criteria that should be considered in site selection programs for the development of this productive activity.
Fertilidade do solo, estado nutricional e produtividade de girassol, em função da aplicação de lodo de esgoto
Authors: Ribeirinho Victor Sanches , Melo Wanderley José de , Silva Denis Herisson da , Figueiredo Leila Aparecida , Melo Gabriel Maurício Peruca de
Published: July 2012

O lodo de esgoto é um resíduo urbano-industrial que tem causado preocupação, quanto ao uso agrícola. Sua utilização pode ser viável, após a devida suplementação potássica, em substituição a fertilizantes minerais, especialmente em culturas como a do girassol. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a produtividade e nutrição mineral do girassol cv. CATISSOL 01, além da fertilidade de um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico adubado com lodo de esgoto, em comparação à adubação mineral, por dois anos consecutivos. O experimento utilizou delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 4 tratamentos (fertilização mineral, 5 t ha-1 ano-1, 10 t ha-1 ano-1 e 20 t ha-1 ano-1 de lodo de esgoto) e 5 repetições. Foram analisadas a produtividade de grãos de girassol, a concentração de macro e micronutrientes na folha diagnóstico e a fertilidade do solo. A produtividade de sementes do girassol adubado com o resíduo, em todas as doses, foi equivalente à adubação mineral, e os teores foliares situaram-se na faixa adequada, tanto para macro quanto para micronutrientes. O uso de lodo de esgoto, com suplementação potássica, mostrou-se eficiente na substituição total ou parcial da adubação mineral, sem prejudicar a produtividade da cultura do girassol.
Distribuição e probabilidade de ocorrência de precipitação em Cáceres (MT)
Authors: Pizzato Jaqueline Aguilla , Dallacort Rivanildo , Tieppo Rafael César , Modolo Alcir José , Cremon Cassiano , Moreira Patrícia Simone Palhana
Published: July 2012

A precipitação é um elemento meteorológico de grande importância, e seu conhecimento histórico torna-se relevante para o monitoramento de impactos causados pelo seu excesso ou falta prolongados. Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, analisar a distribuição da precipitação mensal e anual e os níveis de probabilidade de ocorrência de chuvas, utilizando-se o modelo probabilístico de distribuição Gama incompleta, para os dados de precipitação pluviométrica de Cáceres (MT). Utilizou-se uma série de dados de 26 anos, disponibilizada pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, o qual possui uma estação em Cáceres. A precipitação anual teve grande variabilidade, com mínima de 972,9 mm, em 1985, e máxima de 1.624,1 mm, em 1998. Observou-se, por meio dos dados mensais, que existem duas estações bem definidas, a seca (maio a setembro) e a chuvosa (outubro a abril). As menores médias mensais ocorreram nos meses de junho, julho e agosto, com 16,59 mm, 17,90 mm e 20,09 mm, respectivamente. As estimativas do parâmetro α variaram de 0,9, em junho e agosto, a 13,4, em março. O parâmetro β variou de 13,2, em março, a 33,1, em janeiro. O período com maior probabilidade de precipitação vai de dezembro a março, enquanto junho, julho e agosto foram os meses em que a probabilidade de ocorrência de precipitação foi mais baixa.
Eficiência e desempenho operacional de máquinas Harvester e Forwarder na colheita florestal
Authors: Linhares Mariana , Sette Júnior Carlos Roberto , Campos Fernando , Yamaji Fábio Minoru
Published: July 2012

O conhecimento da capacidade produtiva e das variáveis que interferem no rendimento das máquinas é fundamental para a otimização das operações na colheita florestal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho operacional e a eficiência de máquinas Harvester e Forwarder, utilizadas na exploração florestal, no sul da Bahia. Foram utilizados dados do número de horas programadas e efetivas de trabalho das máquinas e motivos de paradas, obtidos de arquivos históricos, de outubro/2010 a setembro/2011. Com base nestes dados, foram calculadas as horas totais de trabalho, eficiência operacional e disponibilidade mecânica das máquinas. As máquinas Harvester apresentaram média de horas totais de trabalho de 480 horas e 18 minutos, sendo 75,6% (363,2 horas) de horas efetivas e 24,4% (117,1 horas) de horas paradas. As máquinas Forwarder apresentaram média de horas totais de trabalho de 481 horas e 36 minutos, sendo 84,7% (407,9 horas) de horas efetivas e 15,3% (73,7 horas) de horas paradas. A eficiência operacional média foi de 73,2%, para a Harvester, e de 82,2%, para a Forwarder, sendo que as paradas técnicas, como deslocamentos e manutenções preventivas e corretivas, foram as principais causas de influência nestes valores. O desempenho operacional das máquinas mostrou-se adequado, em função da distribuição dos tempos, com 76% e 85% de tempo efetivo de trabalho, para a Harvester e Forwarder, respectivamente, e média de 89% para disponibilidade mecânica, para ambas as máquinas, as quais apresentaram eficiência operacional satisfatória (acima de 70%).
Produção de biomassa de cultivares de aveia sob diferentes manejos de corte
Authors: Demétrio José Valdir , Costa Antonio Carlos Torres da , Oliveira Paulo Sérgio Rabello de
Published: July 2012

No sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária, o manejo inadequado da aveia pode resultar em baixo rendimento de biomassa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do manejo de cortes na produção de biomassa, em cinco cultivares de aveia com potencial de uso no sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram representadas pelas cultivares de aveia Preta Comum, IAPAR 61, IPR 126, FAPA 2 e FUNDACEP FAPA 43. A cultivar Preta Comum apresenta ciclo curto e as demais ciclo longo. As subparcelas foram representadas pelos seguintes sistemas de corte: corte único no florescimento, um corte na fase vegetativa e outro no florescimento, dois cortes na fase vegetativa e outro no florescimento e três cortes na fase vegetativa e outro no florescimento. As cultivares de ciclo longo (IAPAR 61, IPR 126, FAPA 2 e FUNDACEP FAPA 43) alcançaram alta produção de forragem, sem comprometer a posterior produção de palhada para a cobertura do solo, evidenciando aptidão para utilização no sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O manejo com três cortes no estádio vegetativo maximiza a produção de forragem, no entanto, para a produção de palhada, o melhor desempenho das cultivares foi obtido no manejo com até dois cortes na fase vegetativa, ou corte único no florescimento.
Controle genético, químico e biológico de meloidoginose na cultura da soja
Authors: Araujo Fabio Fernando de , Bragante Rodrigo José , Bragante Carlos Emanuel
Published: July 2012

O controle de nematoides, com o uso de diferentes métodos, é importante para o sucesso na redução dos danos causados por estes parasitas. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a eficácia dos métodos de controle da meloidoginose da soja. Para isto, foi utilizado o genótipo de soja BRS 282, resistente a Meloidogyne javanica e M. incognita, no controle genético, o nematicida carbofurano no controle químico e o Bacillus subtilis (PRBS-1 e B-1) no controle biológico. Sementes de soja BRS 282 (resistente) e BRS 184 (susceptível) foram tratadas ou não com carbofurano e B. subtilis. O solo utilizado no experimento foi coletado em áreas naturalmente infestadas pelo nematoide das galhas. Para avaliação do controle da meloidoginose, as plantas foram cultivadas em casa-de-vegetação, durante 60 dias. Após este período, as formas ativas e ovos de nematoides nas raízes foram quantificados e o crescimento da planta avaliado. A utilização do genótipo BRS 282 foi a melhor opção para o controle da meloidoginose em soja, devido à sua baixa incidência nas raízes. No genótipo BRS 184, tanto o controle químico quanto o biológico foram eficazes na redução da reprodução do nematoide, em raízes de soja. O tratamento de sementes do genótipo BRS 282 com carbofurano ou B. subtilis contribuiu para ganhos significativos, no crescimento da soja cultivada em solo infestado pelo parasita.
Acute phase proteins: a potential approach for diagnosing chronic infection by Trypanosoma vivax
Authors: Almeida Katyane de Sousa , Costa Alinny Ferreira , Silva Paulo Cesar da , Fagliari José Jurandir , Machado Rosangela Zacarias , Nascimento Adjair Antonio do
Published: July 2012

The present study aimed to assess potential changes in acute phase proteins in sheep experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax. There were studied eight male sheep, four used as controls and four infected with 10(5) T. vivax trypomastigotes. Blood samples were collected at two points times before infection and then at 5,7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days post-infection (dpi). Blood samples were centrifuged and allotted, and acute phase proteins were then separated by electrophoresis on acrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Protein concentrations were determined by computer-assisted densitometry. Total protein was determined by colorimetric biuret method. Trypanosomes were counted daily using a 5 mL aliquot of blood smear on a glass slide under a 22 × 22 mm coverslip. Parasites were counted in 100 microscopic fields (40× magnification), and then multiplied by a correction factor. The results were expressed as parasites per mL of blood. For statistical analyses, we used the Wilcoxon test at 5% significance level. There was found a reduction in several acute phase proteins and increase in antitrypsin and transferrin. This finding can be used for the diagnosis of T. vivax infection, especially in chronic infection.
Evaluating the effectiveness of an inactivated vaccine from Anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture
Authors: Lasmar Pedro Veloso Facury , Carvalho Antônio Último de , Facury Filho Elias Jorge , Bastos Camila Valgas , Ribeiro Múcio Flávio Barbosa
Published: July 2012

The protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine from Anaplasma marginale that was cultured in tick cells (IDE8) for use against bovine anaplasmosis was evaluated. Five calves (Group 1) were inoculated subcutaneously, at 21-day intervals, with three doses of vaccine containing 3 × 10(9) A. marginale initial bodies. Five control calves received saline solution alone (Group 2). Thirty-two days after the final inoculation, all the calves were challenged with approximately 3 × 10(5) erythrocytes infected with A. marginale high-virulence isolate (UFMG2). The Group 1 calves seroconverted 14 days after the second dose of vaccine. After the challenge, all the animals showed patent rickettsemia. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the Group 1 and 2 calves during the incubation period, patency period or convalescence period. All the animals required treatment to prevent death. The results suggest that the inactivated vaccine from A. marginale produced in IDE8 induced seroconversion in calves, but was not effective for preventing anaplasmosis induced by the UFMG2 isolate under the conditions of this experiment.
Susceptibility of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), to insecticides in Brazil
Authors: Barros Antonio Thadeu Medeiros , Saueressig Thelma Maria , Gomes Alberto , Koller Wilson Werner , Furlong John , Girão Eneide Santiago , Pinheiro Alfredo da Cunha , Alves-Branco Francisco de Paula Jardim , Sapper Maria de Fátima Munhós , Braga Ramayana Menezes , Oliveira Amaury Apolonio de
Published: July 2012

Since horn fly populations became established throughout Brazil, complaints regarding control failure have increased around the country. A broad survey to evaluate the susceptibility of horn flies to both organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid insecticides was conducted from October 2000 to April 2003. Bioassays using filter papers impregnated with cypermethrin, permethrin or diazinon were conducted on 154 horn fly populations in 14 states and 78 municipalities. Resistance to cypermethrin, the active ingredient present in most insecticide products for horn fly control in Brazil, was detected in 98.46% of the populations, with resistance ratios (RR) ranging from 2.5 to 719.9. Resistance to permethrin (RRs < 6.3) was found in 96.67% of the populations, despite its lack of use. In general, pyrethroid resistance was detected in 97.18% of the horn fly populations, with frequencies greater than 87% in all regions of the country. The status of susceptibility of horn fly populations in Brazil to insecticides can be characterized by high susceptibility to OPs and widespread resistance to pyrethroids, potentially compromising the efficacy of pyrethroid products in most cases. Although some partial results have previously been presented, a general picture of horn fly susceptibility in Brazil is presented here for the first time.
Contracaecumovale (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from Rollandia rolland Quoy & Gaimard 1824 (Aves, Podicipedidae) in Argentina
Authors: Galeano Noelia Adelina , Tanzola Ruben Daniel
Published: July 2012

Necropsy on 15 specimens of white-tufted grebe, Rollandiarolland, caught in the Mar Chiquita and Chascomús lagoons (Buenos Aires province), revealed the presence of Contracaecumovale (Linstow, 1907). This nematode shows a marked specificity for podicipediform birds. The specimens were identified from morphological study on features such as cephalic and esophageal structures and caudal papillae, using both optical and scanning electron microscopy. This is the first record of C. ovale parasitizing R. rolland in Argentina.
Occurrences of Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy calves in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti , Silva Júnior Fidelis Antônio , Carvalho André Henrique de Oliveira , Orlando Débora Ribeiro , Rocha Christiane Maria Barcellos Magalhães da , Guimarães Antônio Marcos
Published: July 2012

The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with infection by Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes in 356 calves on 20 dairy farms located in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ten species of Eimeria spp. were identified, of which E. bovis (37.6%) and E. zuernii (17.9%) were the most frequent. From fecal cultures, four genera of gastrointestinal nematodes were recovered, of which Cooperia spp. (74.6%) and Haemonchus (19.4%) were the most frequent. Variables relating to higher levels of technology used on dairy farms showed a significant association (p < 0.05) with higher OPG and EPG counts, and are discussed in this study.
Ectoparasites of dogs in home environments on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica
Authors: Troyo Adriana , Calderón-Arguedas Ólger , Alvarado Gilbert , Vargas-Castro Luis E. , Avendaño Adrián
Published: July 2012

Reports on ectoparasites on dogs in Central America are scarce. The aim of this study was to identify flea, louse and tick species infesting dogs in home environments on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica, and determine their frequency and coexistence. Ectoparasites were collected from dogs in 83 rural homes at five study sites. Specimens were identified and separated according to species. Fleas were the most common ectoparasite (G = 22,217, DF = 8, p = 0.004). Ctenocephalides felis and Pulex simulans were found in 83% and 55% of the homes with ectoparasites, respectively. Trichodectes canis (13%), Heterodoxus spiniger (10%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (18%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (5%) and Amblyomma ovale (8%) were also present. More than one species was collected in most cases (66%), and the most common combination was C. felis and P. simulans (59% of homes with fleas). The high frequency of P. simulans emphasizes the need for adequate identification. This was the first study involving different ectoparasites of dogs in Costa Rica, as well as the first report of T. canis in this country. The relative frequency and coexistence of these ectoparasites in the home environment may have implications for animal and human health.
Antimicrobial activity assessment of time-dependent release bilayer tablets of amoxicillin trihydrate
Authors: Beg Sarwar , Nayak Amit Kumar , Kohli Kanchan , Swain Suryakanta , Hasnain MS
Published: July 2012

The aim of present study was the assessment of antimicrobial activity of prepared time-dependent release bilayer tablets of amoxicillin trihydrate and in vitro evaluation of drug release by antimicrobial assay using agar plate diffusion method. The bilayer tablets comprised of a delayed and sustained release layer. Direct compression method was used for the preparation of bilayer tablets containing Eudragit-L100 D55 as delayed release polymer, and HPMCK4M and HPMCK15 as sustained release polymers. The prepared bilayer tablets containing amoxicillin trihydrate were evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation and drug content. Further, in vitro drug release was assessed by antimicrobial assay using S. aureus and E. coli as test microorganisms. The aliquot samples of in vitro drug release study were found to be effective against both microorganisms for 16 hours due to sustained action. The in vitro drug release study and antimicrobial assay showed that bilayer tablets have sustained release profile of drug delivery with time-dependent burst release after a lag-time of 2 hours. The lower MIC value (2 µg/mL) of prepared bilayer tablets vis-à-vis marketed preparation (5 µg/mL) represented its good antimicrobial activity.
Empregabilidade e sociedade disciplinar: uma análise do discurso do trabalho contemporâneo à luz de categorias foucaultianas
Authors: Lemos Ana Heloisa da Costa , Rodriguez Daniel Arbaiza , Monteiro Vinicius de Carvalho
Published: July 2012

O debate contemporâneo acerca das condições de incorporação dos profissionais ao mercado de trabalho vem sendo pautado por uma nova forma de conceber as atitudes dos indivíduos com relação ao trabalho, a qual tem no termo empregabilidade sua melhor tradução. Apesar de orientar as discussões atuais sobre as condições de inserção dos trabalhadores no mercado de trabalho, o termo empregabilidadeé controverso e impreciso quanto ao seu sentido, sendo valorizado de forma desigual pelos participantes do debate acerca das disposições comportamentais que são exigidas aos trabalhadores, vis-à-vis as transformações no mundo da produção. Esse caráter controverso e inacabado do discurso acerca da empregabilidade motivou a elaboração deste trabalho, que tem como objetivo central analisar, criticamente, o referido discurso. A análise apresentada baseou-se em conceitos apresentados por Foucault em alguns de seus textos clássicos, sobretudo em Vigiar e Punir, conduzindo os autores a uma reflexão crítica que aborda as dimensões subjacentes à categoria empregabilidade menos como garantidoras de autonomia individual e mais como perpetuadoras da submissão dos trabalhadores à dinâmica do sistema produtivo.
Sexualidade e organizações: estudo sobre lésbicas no ambiente de trabalho
Authors: Irigaray Hélio Arthur Reis , Freitas Maria Ester de
Published: July 2012

A discriminação dos homossexuais masculinos no ambiente de trabalho já foi objeto de diversos estudos; no entanto, persiste a lacuna no que tange aos seus pares femininos. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa, iluminada pela premissa da Pós-Modernidade Crítica de que existem múltiplas identidades simultâneas e sobrepostas, foi elaborada com o objetivo de averiguar como as lésbicas se percebem no mundo corporativo. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo entre julho de 2005 e julho de 2008, em empresas públicas e privadas, de diversos setores, localizadas nas regiões metropolitanas do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Foram entrevistadas 18 mulheres homossexuais, de idades, etnias, aspectos físicos e classes sociais diferentes. Seus relatos, bem como os registros de campo, foram transcritos e submetidos à análise do discurso. O campo revelou que: a) as lésbicas, assim como os gays, se percebem submetidas a práticas discriminatórias no ambiente de trabalho, as quais, não raramente, se escondem sob a máscara do humor e da informalidade; b) a orientação sexual não pode ser tratada como uma categoria sólida, uma vez que outras dimensões físicas e psicográficas, como estética, etnia, classe social acentuam ou atenuam a discriminação; e, finalmente, c) as lésbicas se discriminam entre si em função de outros atributos.
Quanto tempo o tempo tem?: um estudo sobre o(s) tempo(s) de gestores do varejo em Belo Horizonte (MG)
Authors: Paiva Kely César Martins de , Pinto Daiane de Lima , Dutra Michelle Regina Santana , Roquete Raquel Ferreira
Published: July 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e analisar a vivência do tempo na gerência à luz das cinco categorias apresentadas por Bluedorn e Jaussi (2007), a saber: policronia, velocidade, pontualidade, profundidade temporal e arrastamento. Os temas centrais foram apresentados e discutidos no referencial teórico e uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva e essencialmente qualitativa, foi realizada, utilizando-se, de forma prioritária, de entrevistas para coletar dados com 20 gestores de lojas similares do comércio varejista, situadas em shopping centers e em ruas de Belo Horizonte (MG). Os dados foram analisados à luz da técnica de análise de discurso. Percebeu-se que a maioria dos gestores adota comportamentos policrônicos e acelerados. Eles têm uma preocupação marcante com o cumprimento das metas, denotando elevado senso de pontualidade. Não se observou uma preferência distinta dos entrevistados em termos de profundidade temporal. A partir da análise dos três processos de arrastamento delineados pelos autores - sincronia, liderança, condução -, foi possível observar uma nítida relação entre tempo e poder, denotando a face ambígua, contraditória e fragmentada da gerência. Diante das limitações deste estudo, foram dadas sugestões para investigações futuras visando ampliar o conhecimento sobre os temas na realidade brasileira.
Chewing time and chewing strokes in different dentofacial deformities
Authors: Picinato-Pirola Melissa Nara de Carvalho , Mello-Filho Francisco Veríssimo de , Trawitzki Luciana Vitaliano Voi
Published: July 2012

PURPOSE: To verify whether the number of chewing strokes and the chewing time are influenced by dentofacial deformities in habitual free mastication. METHODS: Participants were 15 patients with diagnosis of class II dentofacial deformity (GII), 15 with class III (GIII), and 15 healthy control individuals with no deformity (CG). Free habitual mastication of a cornstarch cookie was analyzed, considering the number of chewing strokes and the time needed to complete two mastications. Strokes were counted by considering the opening and closing movements of the mandible. The time needed to consume each bite was determined using a digital chronometer, started after the placement of the food in the oral cavity and stopped when each portion was swallowed. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups regarding both the number of strokes and the chewing time. However, with regards to the number of strokes, CG and GII presented a significant concordance between the first and the second chewing situation, which was not observed in GIII. The analysis of time showed significant concordance between the first and second chewing situation in CG, reasonable concordance in GII, and discordance in GIII. CONCLUSION: Dentofacial deformities do not influence the number of chewing strokes or the chewing time. However, class III individuals do not show uniformity regarding these aspects.
Three-dimensional computer simulation of grain coarsening during sintering
Authors: Nikolic Zoran
Published: July 2012

This paper presents a computational study of the three-dimensional computer
simulation of grain coarsening using a sintering model based on sintering law
(a rate law of inter-grain distance reduction) describing the evolution of
neck geometry.
Laser synthesis of Al2TiO5 and Y3Al5O12 ceramics from powder mixtures Al2O3-TiO2 and Al2O3-Y2O3
Authors: Vlasova M. , Kakazey M. , Coeto Sosa , Aguilar Marquez , Rosales I. , Martinez Escobar , Stetsenko V. , Bykov A. , Ragulya A.
Published: July 2012

The phase formation process in the zone of laser irradiation of 60 wt.%
Al2O3-40 wt.% TiO2 and 60 wt.% Al2O3- 40 wt.% Y2O3 compacts has been
investigated by the XRD, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy
methods. In the laser irradiation zone the ceramic track is formed. Due to no
uniformity of heating of the powder mixture Al2O3-TiO2 the ceramic track
consists of a surface layer of the ?-Al2TiO5 and the bulk layer from the ?-
Al2TiO5. Ceramic track formed during irradiation of Al2O3-Y2O3 mixture
consists of a surface amorphous layer of Y3Al5O12 with inclusions of ?-Al2O3
domains and the bulk layer consisting of a mixture of dendrites ?-Al2O3 and
Y3Al5O12.
Mechanical properties correlation to processing parameters for advanced alumina based refractories
Authors: Dimitrijevic Marija , Veljovic Djordje , Posarac-Markovic Milica , Jancic-Heinemann Radmila , Volkov-Husovic Tatjana , Zrilic Milorad
Published: July 2012

Alumina based refractories are usually used in metallurgical furnaces and
their thermal shock resistance is of great importance. In order to improve
thermal shock resistance and mechanical properties of alumina based
refractories short ceramic fibers were added to the material. SEM technique
was used to compare the microstructure of specimens and the observed images
gave the porosity and morphological characteristics of pores in the
specimens. Standard compression test was used to determine the modulus of
elasticity and compression strength. Results obtained from thermal shock
testing and mechanical properties measurements were used to establish
regression models that correlated specimen properties to process parameters.
Investigation of porosity and fractal properties of the sintered metal and semiconductor layers in the MDS capacitor structure
Authors: Skatkov Leonid , Gomozov Valeriy , Bayrachniy Boris
Published: July 2012

MDS capacitor (metal - dielectric - semiconductor) is a structure in which
metal plate is represented by compact bulk-porous pellets of niobium sintered
powder, and semiconductor plate - by pyrolytic layer of MnO2. In the present
paper we report the results of investigation of microporosity of sintered Nb
and pyrolytic MnO2 and also the fractal properties of semiconductor layer.
Studying the pelletization of rosseta ilmenite concentrate with coke breeze using molasses and reduction kinetics of produced pellets at 800-1150ºC
Authors: El-Hussiny N.A. , Shalabi M.E.H.
Published: July 2012

Ilmenite ore fine and coke breeze as reduced material which were pelletized
with different amounts of molasses were studied in this investigation. The
produced pellets at optimum condition were reduced in nitrogen atmosphere at
temperature range 800-1150?C to determine the controlling mechanism. The
reduction indicated that the reduction rates increased as the temperature
increased and the controlling mechanism of reaction rate is solid-solid
reaction.
The Impact of SFAS 133 on Income Smoothing by Banks through Loan Loss Provisions
Authors: Kilic Emre , Lobo Gerald J. , Ranasinghe Tharindra , Sivaramakrishnan K
Published: July 2012

We examine the impact of SFAS 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, on the reporting behavior of commercial banks and the informativeness of their financial statements. We argue that, because mandatory recognition of hedge ineffectiveness under SFAS 133 reduced banks' ability to smooth income through derivatives, banks that are more affected by SFAS 133 rely more on loan loss provisions to smooth income. We find evidence consistent with this argument. We also find that the increased reliance on loan loss provisions for smoothing income has impaired the informativeness of loan loss provisions for future loan defaults and bank stock returns.

Data Availability: The data are available from public sources.
Numerical Implementation of Meshless Methods for Beam Problems
Authors: Rosca V. E. , Leitāo V. M. A.
Published: July 2012

For solving a partial different equation by a numerical method, a possible alternative may be either to use a mesh method or a meshless method. A flexible computational procedure for solving 1D linear elastic beam problems is presented that currently uses two forms of approximation function (moving least squares and kernel approximation functions) and two types of formulations, namely the weak form and collocation technique, respectively, to reproduce Element Free Galerkin (EFG) and Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) meshless methods. The numerical implementation for beam problems of these two formulations is discussed and numerical tests are presented to illustrate the difference between the formulations.
Freedom of Speech? Israeli Supreme Court Ruling 606/93 - Kidum Initiative Inc. versus the Israel Broadcasting Authority. A Rhetorical Language Analysis
Authors: Kayam Orly , Galily Yair
Published: July 2012

Freedom of Speech? Israeli Supreme Court Ruling 606/93 - Kidum Initiative Inc. versus the Israel Broadcasting Authority. A Rhetorical Language Analysis

The article examines nine different rhetorical devices employed by two Israeli Supreme Court justices in their writing of the majority and minority opinions (Justices Dorner and Cheshin respectively) in the case of Kidum Initiative Inc. versus The Israel Broadcasting Authority which addressed the issue of freedom of speech versus good taste. Theoretical background and examples from the verdict are presented and discussed.
In search of new Fusarium species
Authors: Leslie John , Summerell Brett
Published: July 2012

In search of new Fusarium species

Fusarium is a large fungal genus, but scientists who work with it continue to search for new species to help bridge perceived phylogenetic gaps and to assess the biogeography of species origin and distribution. Potential new sources for species include collections made from plants and soil in native ecosystems and subsistence agriculture farms. These ecosystems are less likely to have suffered anthropomorphic changes and may offer the best hope for identifying previously undescribed species and for obtaining reliable data on species distribution. In addition to new collections, new species also may result from the break-up of a number of large species complexes that are held together primarily by morphological similarities. The two approaches are complementary and should collectively help to increase the number, diversity and quality of the species known within the genus.
Spectral emissivity properties of reflective coatings
Authors: Čekon Miroslav
Published: July 2012

Spectral emissivity properties of reflective coatings

This article deals with the spectral radiative properties of coatings consisting of hollow ceramic microspheres. They were selected from the commercial coatings available in the Slovak and Czech Republics. The aim was to measure and compare their spectral emissivity properties with standard facing coatings by means of infrared spectroscopy. The measured data demonstrates that the coatings have the same radiative properties as a standard building coating. Two reflective measurement methods (DRIFT and ATR) were used for this purpose. These results have been compared, and the DRIFT method was finally recommended for determining the spectral radiative properties of the materials measured.
Two years of the operation of a domestic MBR wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Pikorová Tina
Published: July 2012

Two years of the operation of a domestic MBR wastewater treatment plant

The paper evaluates the results of data obtained from two years of observing an actual domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with an immersed membrane module. The domestic MBR (membrane bioreactor) WWTP was linked to a dwelling with four residents. Two different commercial flat sheet membrane modules were investigated. The membrane modules, as well as the whole WWTP, were tested with different fluxes as well as the response of the membrane and activated sludge to different conditions, such as actual peak wastewater flows, extremes temperatures (a winter below 5 °C), and high pH values.
All sudden unexplained infant respiratory deaths may result from the same underlying mechanism
Authors: Mage David , Donner E. , Vennemann Mechtild , Fleming Peter , Sol-Church Katia , Drake Rebecca , Gulino Sam
Published: July 2012

All sudden unexplained infant respiratory deaths may result from the same underlying mechanism

The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) was defined in 1969 by Beckwith as sudden death of an infant or young child, unexpected by medical history, remaining unexplained after thorough autopsy/death-scene investigation. Recently researchers have used the general terms Sudden Unexplained Death in Infancy (SUDI) and Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) as "umbrella-terms" covering unexplained deaths (SIDS); sudden deaths for which SIDS risk factors present but insufficient cause is found; and sudden deaths for which sufficient cause is found. A characteristic feature of such deaths is that, 24-hours before death (or unexpected collapse that led to death), the caregivers were unaware that the baby was at increased risk of dying. The explainable cases include deaths from several recognized causes including infection, metabolic conditions, accidental and non-accidental injury, and various genetic or cardiac conditions as well as "Accidental Suffocation and Strangulation in Bed (ASSB)." SIDS is characterized by a ~50% male excess common to all respiratory infant deaths and a 4-parameter lognormal age distribution - thought to be unique and SIDS main distinguishing characteristic. In this article we model these data for age and/or gender distributions of SUDI/SUID and SIDS reported from the U.K., U.S., Norway and Germany. When pooled together with SIDS, these explained SUDI/SUID data on infant ages and gender have the same distributions as SIDS, indicating that the final mode of death for all SUDI or SUID may be a consequence of different paths to the same biological phenomena as for SIDS, though the mechanism of death remains unclear.
Personal Health Behaviors and Role-Modeling Attitudes of Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Black Beth , Marcoux Beth C. , Stiller Christine , Qu Xianggui , Gellish Ronald
Published: July 2012

Background

Physical therapists have been encouraged to engage in health promotion practice. Health professionals who engage in healthy behaviors themselves are more apt to recommend those behaviors, and patients are more motivated to change their behaviors when their health care provider is a credible role model.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to describe the health behaviors and role-modeling attitudes of physical therapists and physical therapist students.

Design

This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey.

Methods

A national sample of 405 physical therapists and 329 physical therapist students participated in the survey. Participants' attitudes toward role modeling and behaviors related to physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, abstention from smoking, and maintenance of a healthy weight were measured. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to examine differences in attitudes and behaviors between physical therapists and physical therapist students.

Results

A majority of the participants reported that they engage in regular physical activity (80.8%), eat fruits and vegetables (60.3%), do not smoke (99.4%), and maintain a healthy weight (78.7%). Although there were no differences in behaviors, physical therapist students were more likely to believe that role modeling is a powerful teaching tool, physical therapist professionals should “practice what they preach,” physical activity is a desirable behavior, and physical therapist professionals should be role models for nonsmoking and maintaining a healthy weight.

Limitations

Limitations of this study include the potential for response bias and social desirability bias.

Conclusions

Physical therapists and physical therapist students engage in health-promoting behaviors at similarly high rates but differ in role-modeling attitudes.
Extended Exercise Rehabilitation After Hip Fracture Improves Patients' Physical Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Auais Mohammad A. , Eilayyan Owis , Mayo Nancy E.
Published: July 2012

Background

Although the principal goal of hip fracture management is a return to the pre-event functional level, most survivors fail to regain their former levels of autonomy. One of the most effective strategies to mitigate the fracture's consequences is therapeutic exercise.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to review and quantify the reported effects of an extended exercise rehabilitation program offered beyond the regular rehabilitation period on improving physical functioning for patients with hip fractures.

Sources

The Cochrane libraries, PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, and EMBASE were searched to April 2012.

Study Selection

All randomized controlled trials comparing extended exercise programs with usual care for community-dwelling people after hip fracture were included in the review.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two reviewers conducted each step independently. The data from the included studies were summarized, and pooled estimates were calculated for 11 functional outcomes.

Results

Thirteen trials were included in the review and 11 in the meta-analysis. The extended exercise program showed modest effect sizes (ESs), which reached significance, under random theory, for knee extension strength for the affected and nonaffected sides (ES=0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.27–0.66, and ES=0.45, 95% CI=0.16–0.74, respectively), balance (ES=0.32, 95% CI=0.15–0.49), physical performance-based tests (ES=0.53, 95% CI=0.27–0.78), Timed “Up & Go” Test (ES=0.83, 95% CI=0.28–1.4), and fast gait speed (ES=0.42, 95% CI=0.11–0.73). Effects on normal gait speed, Six-Minute Walk Test, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, and physical function subscale of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36-PF) did not reach significance. Community-based programs had larger ESs compared with home-based programs.

Conclusions

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to provide evidence that an extended exercise rehabilitation program for patients with hip fractures has a significant impact on various functional abilities. The focus of future research should go beyond just effectiveness and study the cost-effectiveness of extended programs.
Improvements in site-specific quality of life 6 months after endoscopic anterior skull base surgery: a prospective study
Authors: McCoul Edward D. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: July 2012

Object

Endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) is a minimal-access technique that provides an alternative to traditional approaches. Patient-reported outcomes are becoming increasingly important in measuring the success of surgical interventions. Endoscopic skull base surgery may lead to improvements in quality of life (QOL) since natural orifices are used to reach the pathology; however, sinonasal QOL may be negatively affected. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of ESBS on both site-specific QOL, using the Anterior Skull Base Questionnaire (ASBQ), and sinonasal-related QOL, using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22).

Methods

Consecutive patients from a tertiary referral center who were undergoing ESBS were prospectively enrolled in this study. All patients completed the ASBQ and SNOT-22 preoperatively as well as at regular intervals after ESBS.

Results

Sixty-six patients were included in the study, and 57.6% of them had pituitary adenoma. There was no significant decline or improvement in the ASBQ-measured QOL at 3 and 6 weeks after ESBS, but there were significant improvements at 12 weeks and 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). Improvements were noted in all but one ASBQ subdomain at 12 weeks and 6 months postsurgery (p < 0.05). Preoperative QOL was significantly worse in patients who had undergone revision surgery and significantly improved postoperatively in patients who underwent gross-total resection (p < 0.05). Scores on the SNOT-22 worsened at 3 weeks postoperatively and returned to baseline thereafter. The presence of a nasoseptal flap or a graft-donor site did not contribute to a decreased QOL.

Conclusions

Endoscopic skull base surgery is associated with an improvement in postoperative site-specific QOL as compared with the preoperative QOL. Short-term improvements are greater if gross-total resection is achieved. Sinonasal QOL transiently declines and then returns to preoperative baseline levels. Endoscopic skull base surgery is a valuable tool in the neurosurgical management of anterior skull base pathology, leading to improvements in site-specific QOL.
Clinical outcomes following brachialis to anterior interosseous nerve transfers
Authors: Ray Wilson Z. , Yarbrough Chester K. , Yee Andrew , Mackinnon Susan E.
Published: July 2012

The surgical management of lower brachial plexus injuries remains a challenging problem. Although nerve transfers have improved clinical outcomes following brachial plexus injuries, the majority of work has focused on upper trunk injuries. Complete lower plexus injuries often lack suitable donors for either nerve or tendon transfers. The authors describe their experience with isolated lower trunk injuries utilizing the nerve to the brachialis to reinnervate the anterior interosseous nerve.