bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Pediatric Risk Assessment Score to Predict Perioperative Mortality in Children Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Nasr Viviane G. , DiNardo James A. , Faraoni David
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:

Although there have been numerous attempts to predict perioperative mortality in adults, an objective model to predict mortality in children has not been developed. In this study, we aimed to develop a Pediatric Risk Assessment (PRAm) score to predict perioperative mortality in children undergoing noncardiac surgery.

METHODS:

We included all children recorded in the 2012 and 2013 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric databases in a derivation cohort and those from the 2014 database in a validation cohort. The primary outcome was the incidence of in-hospital mortality. A total of 115,229 (63%) were included in the derivation cohort and 68,194 (37%) in the validation cohort. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the predictors for mortality and designed the PRAm score.

RESULTS:

On the basis of the multivariable regression model, we created a simplified risk assessment tool (PRAm score) ranging from 0 to ≥9, including the presence of any comorbidities, factors of critical illness, age <12 months, the requirement for an urgent procedure, and the diagnosis of a neoplasm. The PRAm score showed an excellent discriminative ability with an apparent “optimistic” area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.950 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.942–0.957) in the derivation cohort. In the validation cohort, we observed similar performances with an area under the “naive” receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.950 (95% CI, 0.938–0.961). The AUC was also calculated from a bootstrap procedure and then applied to the original derivation sample to estimate “optimism” for each bootstrap sample with an AUC of 0.943 (95% CI, 0.929–0.9956). The optimism in apparent performance was 0.007, corresponding to an optimism-corrected area of 0.943. Calibration was assessed graphically by plotting the observed outcome against the predicted mortality (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.995, calibration in the large = 0.001 [P = .974], calibration slope = 0.927).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, we developed a simplified PRAm tool (PRAm score) as a predictor of perioperative mortality in children undergoing noncardiac surgery. The PRAm score has excellent accuracy. In patients assigned American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification ≥4, there is wide variability in objectively obtained PRAm scores.
Apocalypse Left and Right: Bloch's and Rozanov's Renunciation of the Future
Authors: Oklot Michal
Published: August 2016

Focusing on two modernist thinkers, Vasily Rozanov (1856 – 1919) and Ernst Bloch (1885 – 1976), the article examines the ontological and existential implications of their eschatological thinking and its concept of nonlinear time, which negates the future when thinking of what is ahead. Both writers, as discussed in the article, treat life and matter as open and dynamic in their potentiality, filled with hope for transcendence of death and perishing without transcending the material, which in turn redefines our thinking of nature and the social world. These two thinkers, though radically different in terms of their political commitments, as the article demonstrates, meet in the space of Fyodor Dostoevsky's prose, which was an important reference point for their respective eschatological projects.
The migrations of Drosophila muscle founders and primordial germ cells are interdependent
Authors: Stepanik Vincent , Dunipace Leslie , Bae Young-Kyung , Macabenta Frank , Sun Jingjing , Trisnadi Nathanie , Stathopoulos Angelike
Published: August 2016

Caudal visceral mesoderm (CVM) cells migrate from posterior to anterior of the Drosophila embryo as two bilateral streams of cells to support the specification of longitudinal muscles along the midgut. To accomplish this long-distance migration, CVM cells receive input from their environment, but little is known about how this collective cell migration is regulated. In a screen we found that wunen mutants exhibit CVM cell migration defects. Wunens are lipid phosphate phosphatases known to regulate the directional migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs). PGC and CVM cell types interact while PGCs are en route to the somatic gonadal mesoderm, and previous studies have shown that CVM impacts PGC migration. In turn, we found here that CVM cells exhibit an affinity for PGCs, localizing to the position of PGCs whether mislocalized or trapped in the endoderm. In the absence of PGCs, CVM cells exhibit subtle changes, including more cohesive movement of the migrating collective, and an increased number of longitudinal muscles is found at anterior sections of the larval midgut. These data demonstrate that PGC and CVM cell migrations are interdependent and suggest that distinct migrating cell types can coordinately influence each other to promote effective cell migration during development.
Ror2 signaling is required for local upregulation of GDF6 and activation of BMP signaling at the neural plate border
Authors: Schille Carolin , Bayerlová Michaela , Bleckmann Annalen , Schambony Alexandra
Published: August 2016

The receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 is a major Wnt receptor that activates β-catenin-independent signaling and plays a conserved role in the regulation of convergent extension movements and planar cell polarity in vertebrates. Mutations in the ROR2 gene cause recessive Robinow syndrome in humans, a short-limbed dwarfism associated with craniofacial malformations. Here, we show that Ror2 is required for local upregulation of gdf6 at the neural plate border in Xenopus embryos. Ror2 morphant embryos fail to upregulate neural plate border genes and show defects in the induction of neural crest cell fate. These embryos lack the spatially restricted activation of BMP signaling at the neural plate border at early neurula stages, which is required for neural crest induction. Ror2-dependent planar cell polarity signaling is required in the dorsolateral marginal zone during gastrulation indirectly to upregulate the BMP ligand Gdf6 at the neural plate border and Gdf6 is sufficient to rescue neural plate border specification in Ror2 morphant embryos. Thereby, Ror2 links Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling to BMP signaling in neural plate border specification and neural crest induction.
Metabolism meets development at Wiston House
Authors: Teleman Aurelio A.
Published: August 2016

It is becoming increasingly clear that cellular metabolite levels regulate the activity of signaling pathways, and conversely that signaling pathways affect cellular physiology and growth via metabolic pathways. Thus, metabolism and signaling mutually influence each other. The Company of Biologists' Workshop ‘Metabolism in Development and Disease’ brought together people studying signaling and development with people studying metabolism, particularly in a cancer context. This Meeting Review discusses examples of talks that illustrated this principle.
Cyclin CYB-3 controls both S-phase and mitosis and is asymmetrically distributed in the early C. elegans embryo
Authors: Michael W. Matthew
Published: August 2016

In early C. elegans embryos the timing of cell division is both invariant and developmentally regulated, yet how the cell cycle is controlled in the embryo and how cell cycle timing impacts early development remain important, unanswered questions. Here, I focus on the cyclin B3 ortholog CYB-3, and show that this cyclin has the unusual property of controlling both the timely progression through S-phase and mitotic entry, suggesting that CYB-3 is both an S-phase-promoting and mitosis-promoting factor. Furthermore, I find that CYB-3 is asymmetrically distributed in the two-cell embryo, such that the somatic precursor AB cell contains ∼2.5-fold more CYB-3 than its sister cell, the germline progenitor P1. CYB-3 is not only physically limited in P1 but also functionally limited, and this asymmetry is controlled by the par polarity network. These findings highlight the importance of the CYB-3 B3-type cyclin in cell cycle regulation in the early embryo and suggest that CYB-3 asymmetry helps establish the well-documented cell cycle asynchrony that occurs during cell division within the P-lineage.
Timing Decisions in Organizations: Communication and Authority in a Dynamic Environment
Authors: Grenadier Steven R. , Malenko Andrey , Malenko Nadya
Published: August 2016

We consider a problem where an uninformed principal makes a timing decision interacting with an informed but biased agent. Because time is irreversible, the direction of the bias crucially affects the agent's ability to credibly communicate information. When the agent favors late decision making, full information revelation often occurs. In this case, centralized decision making, where the principal retains authority and communicates with the agent, implements the optimal decision-making rule. When the agent favors early decision making, communication is partial, and the optimal decision-making rule is not implemented. Delegation adds value when the bias is for early decision making, but not for late decision making. (JEL D21, D23, D82, D83)
Contextual Hub Analysis Tool (CHAT): A Cytoscape app for identifying contextually relevant hubs in biological networks
Authors: Muetze Tanja , Goenawan Ivan H. , Wiencko Heather L. , Bernal-Llinares Manuel , Bryan Kenneth , Lynn David J.
Published: August 2016

Highly connected nodes (hubs) in biological networks are topologically important to the structure of the network and have also been shown to be preferentially associated with a range of phenotypes of interest. The relative importance of a hub node, however, can change depending on the biological context. Here, we report a Cytoscape app, the Contextual Hub Analysis Tool (CHAT), which enables users to easily construct and visualize a network of interactions from a gene or protein list of interest, integrate contextual information, such as gene expression or mass spectrometry data, and identify hub nodes that are more highly connected to contextual nodes (e.g. genes or proteins that are differentially expressed) than expected by chance. In a case study, we use CHAT to construct a network of genes that are differentially expressed in Dengue fever, a viral infection. CHAT was used to identify and compare contextual and degree-based hubs in this network. The top 20 degree-based hubs were enriched in pathways related to the cell cycle and cancer, which is likely due to the fact that proteins involved in these processes tend to be highly connected in general. In comparison, the top 20 contextual hubs were enriched in pathways commonly observed in a viral infection including pathways related to the immune response to viral infection. This analysis shows that such contextual hubs are considerably more biologically relevant than degree-based hubs and that analyses which rely on the identification of hubs solely based on their connectivity may be biased towards nodes that are highly connected in general rather than in the specific context of interest.

Availability: CHAT is available for Cytoscape 3.0+ and can be installed via the Cytoscape App Store (http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/chat).
Typifications and validations of taxa in the genus Decalepis: An economically and ethnobotanically important genus of Gymnanthereae (Apocynaceae: Periplocoideae)
Authors: Kambale Sharad Suresh , Gholave Avinash Ramchandra , Bhattacharjee Avishek , Yadav Shrirang Ramchandra
Published: August 2016

The nomenclature of the species currently treated in the genus Decalepis is reviewed. The names Baeolepis nervosa, Decalepis hamiltonii and Pentanura khasiana are lectotypified. The combinations D. khasiana and D. salicifolia are validated.
Report of the General Committee: 14
Authors: Wilson Karen L.
Published: August 2016

Decisions are reported on: (1) 35 proposals to conserve and reject names recommended for acceptance in the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants (NCVP) Report 65 and one proposal from Report 64; (2) 11 such proposals recommended for rejection in those Committee Reports; (3) one proposal was referred back to the NCVP for further consideration; (4) two conservation proposals for which the NCVP could not reach a firm recommendation; and (5) three recommendations from the NCVP on requests for binding decisions, one under Art. 38.4 (adequate description) and two under Art. 53.5 (confusingly similar names).
Verneda hermaphroditicagen. & sp. nov.: A new flower head from the early Late Cretaceous (middle Cenomanian) of southeastern France
Authors: Moreau Jean-David , Gomez Bernard , Coiffard Clément , Daviero-Gomez Véronique , Tafforeau Paul , Néraudeau Didier
Published: August 2016

Spherical flower heads have often been reported from the late Early and Late Cretaceous of Asia and North America, but are rare in Europe. Palaeobotanists have included them in Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae (Saxifragales, basal core eudicots), and Platanaceae (Proteales, basal eudicots). We report newly collected flower heads from the Cenomanian of southeastern France. They are examined using scanning electron microscopy and propagation phase‐contrast X‐ray synchrotron microtomography with a voxel size down to 0.7 μm. They are described and compared with 95 living angiosperms, which include basal eudicots, basal rosids and basal asterids, based on a cladistic analysis of 64 characters.Verneda hermaphroditicagen. & sp. nov. consists of flower heads with around one hundred actinomorphic, pentamerous, bisexual flowers. The androecium has united filaments but free tetrasporangiate anthers. Pollen grains are tricolpate and reticulate. The gynoecium is eusyncarpous and pentalocular. Each of the five carpels contains a single ovule/seed. Cladistic analysis suggests thatVerneda hermaphroditicais sister to Platanaceae. It cannot, however, be included in this family because characters such as basally fused stamen filaments and eusyncarpous gynoecium are absent in living Platanaceae.
Diagnosis of the propensity of the driver to dangerous (aggressive) driving
Authors: Петров  , Petrov Vladislav
Published: August 2016

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of "dangerous driving", as well as the assessment of the propensity to aggressive management style. Diagnostic tools made personal questionnaire assessing the reliability of the driver. Based on the study characteristics such as discipline, self-control, responsibility, aggressiveness, risk tolerance, desire for self-assertion, energy, arrogance, anxiety is projected the style of the vehicle control (Style). Empirically it is proved that the indicator of the Style allows to statistically significantly difference between drivers that differ reliable style of driving, and drivers with dangerous style of driving. The proposed approach can be applied in the framework of professional psychological selection of professionals to the professions of risk, and the admission of drivers to management of special vehicle. The widespread use of the technique is in driving with individualization of training and the correction style control vehicle.
Features of adaptation of young specialists, graduates of educational institutions of the Ministry of Interior of Russia to the professional activity
Authors: Зайцева  , Zaytseva Natalya
Published: August 2016

The article analyzes the problem adapt graduates of educational institutions MIA of Russia for all types of readiness for the special conditions of performance. The problems of adaptation of content, its subjective and objective factors, and the criteria for adaptation, on the basis of which it is possible to judge the speed and quality of performance of official duties, the orientation of the ease in dealing with office tasks and as comfort for official teams of young employees, members of the profession. The article analyzes the causes of the difficulties of adaptation, and provides recommendations on optimizing the process of entering the profession graduates departmental MIA universities.

Particular attention is paid to professional self-determination as a factor of successful adaptation.
Copolymers of Styrene and Divinyl Benzene with Chromogenic Groups for Environment Control
Authors: Куготова  , Kugotova M. , Черкасова  , Cherkasova T. , Тарасова  , Tarasova Natalya , Мизиев  , Miziev M.
Published: August 2016

Now used in Russia means of indication in express analysis methods for environment control have a wide dispersion on

hazardous substances determination accuracy. In case of visual indication’s new means implementation it is necessary to

show experimentally that they are suitable for the solution of expected tasks with a minimum error for results of polluting

and dangerous substances’ ions concentration analysis. Reusable solid-phase color indicators based on styrene and divinyl

benzene copolymers containing chromogenic groups in their structure have been considered in this paper and these solidphase

color indicators practical use possibility assessment after color digitization, and express analysis techniques accuracy

assessment on a number of water objects for identification of their toxico-ecological condition has been carried out.
Technological fundamentals of nano-structured composite synthesis based on aluminum alloys
Authors: Колмаков Алексей , Kolmakov Aleksey , Сенють Владимир , Senyut Vladimir , Хейфец Михаил , Kheyfets Mikhail , Витязь Пётр , Vityaz Petr , Соболь Сергей , Sobol Sergey
Published: August 2016

The physical-chemical analysis of macro-, micro-, and nano-structures of composites on the basis of aluminum is carried out. Technological fundamentals for properties control at the synthesis of nano-structured composites on the basis of aluminum alloys are formed. The techniques for composites synthesis on the basis of aluminum through methods of spun casting modification and further treatment by high pressure are developed. The nano-structured modifiers of aluminum alloys schungite+Al, Al2O3+Al with BN+Al are synthesized. The technological processes for new constructional nano-structured materials manufacturing on the basis aluminum with modifiers content within the limits of mas. 5% are offered.
Feasibility Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Using for Short and Medium Range Aircrafts’ Engines
Authors: Бурцев  , Burtsev S. , Дун Гэ  , Dong Ge .
Published: August 2016

An analysis of circuit design for a perspective propulsion system for short and medium range aircrafts has been carried

out. It has been shown that use of traditional schemes engines working at aviation kerosene TC-1 will not allow match the

ICAO ecological requirements for an aircraft of 2025-2035. Transition to hydrogen or liquefied natural gas allows match

ICAO requirements for CO2 emissions. However it will lead to an essential transportation value addition (due to hydrogen

and liquefied natural gas production and storage infrastructure). Application of the combined propulsion systems using

both kerosene and cryogenic fuel will allow increase fuel efficiency and reduce CO2 emission by 16% for hydrogen and by

2.5–4.5% for methane. In such a case partial transition to hydrogen fuel will allow match ICAO requirements at the current

freight charge.
Agricultural Cenosis Pollution by Heavy Metals from Past Ecological Damage Objects
Authors: Дрегуло  , Dregulo A. , Кулибаба  , Kulibaba Valeriy , Питулько  , Pitulko Viktor , Петухов  , Petukhov V.
Published: August 2016

Parameters of heavy metals (accumulated in objects with past environmental damage, e.g. unauthorized dumps of municipal

wastes, sludge deposits from treatment facilities, and reclaimed quarries) distribution in soddy podzolic soils’ agrocenosis

have been studied in this paper. Negative changes of soils’ properties for the lands, periodically experiencing contamination

from the objects with past environmental damage have been characterized. In the conditions of minimization of mechanical

impact on soil, a negative trend in soil properties changing on the adjacent to objects with past environmental damage

lands at preservation of uncontaminated automorphic analogs has been tracked. Agrocenosis degradation indicators are

substantially defined by past ecological damage objects’ specifics.
Voltages Induced in Overhead Ground-Wire Cable as Risk Factor. Part 2
Authors: Токарский  , Tokarskiy A. , Рубцова  , Rubtsova Nina , Рябченко  , Ryabchenko V.
Published: August 2016

To ensure the personnel safety during live working on overhead transmission line (OTL), as well as lightning protection

cables’ (LPC) isolation integrity maintaining, by the example of three-phase 750 kV OTL has been presented an algorithm

for calculation of voltages, electro-moving forces and currents induced by single phase short-circuit currents’ magnetic field

of OTL in LPC1 grounded in one point, and in LPC 2 (with fiber-optic communication line function) grounded at every tower.

For single-phase short circuit modes has been presented an algorithm for length selection of grounded on one end LPC1

part on the condition of compliance with the maximum permissible voltage level on a spark gap which bypasses an

insulator set of LPC1.
Structural peculiarities in fibrous composite with metal matrix manufactured using various sheet half-finished products
Authors: Кочешков Игорь , Kocheshkov Igor
Published: August 2016

A quantitative description of fiber location pattern in composites manufactured with the use of sheet half-finished products with a foil matrix and plasma-sprayed matrix is presented.
Regularities in bimetal joint formation at explosion welding with simultaneous punching
Authors: Лысак Владимир , Lysak Vladimir , Кузьмин Владимир , Kuzmin Vladimir , Иваненко Егор , Ivanenko Egor
Published: August 2016

This paper reports the investigation of the effect of a plate dynamic loading scheme upon bimetal joint formation at explosion welding with simultaneous stamping. The investigation results of the effect of technological parameters and matrix material upon a radial deformation and quality of explosive pressed armco-iron+Steel 3 bimetal are shown. It is determined experimentally that additional punching in modes common for explosion welding without their intensification allow achieving considerable deformations and manufacturing qualitative bimetal blanks with a high factor of a part form. There are shown examples in a practical application of the combined process of explosion welding with simultaneous punching in mechanical engineering.
Development of complicated oscillation algorithm for continuity assurance at arc welding deposition
Authors: Лебедев Владимир , Lebedev Vladimir , Новиков Сергей , Novikov Sergey
Published: August 2016

A theoretical development of formulae for the definition of a speed of welding deposition on a flat is presented where in the first case cross oscillations are applied on it and in the second one – longitudinal oscillations. The law of oscillation motion for both variants and also the law of sinusoidal oscillations of a welding tool are specified. In such a way, the computation of the rate of welding deposition in both cases is carried out under conditions of an additive oscillation effect. The realization of continuity conditions with the application of a heating source motion according to a sinusoidal law at a motionless surface to be under welding deposition – a uniform formation of a beaded weld on a width which is characterized by the position of a continuity point is assumed as a basis of the computation. In case of a shift of the surface under welding deposition this condition will change considerably as a point of continuity will be shifted in which connection in the first case – crosswise, and in the second – lengthwise. The module of the shift of this point is specified by a differential equation which describes motion character equally both at longitudinal and transversal shift of the surface under welding deposition. Final expressions for a welding deposition rate will differ that is caused by a difference in a mathematical description of a continuity condition.
Ultrasonic techniques at current stage of mechanical engineering development
Authors: Приходько Вячеслав , Prikhodko Vyachyeslav , Фатюхин Дмитрий , Fatyukhin Dmitriy
Published: August 2016

The range of high effective ultrasonic techniques widely – used in modern mechanical engineering for produce manufacturing and their quality increase is considered. The review of promising developments in the field of ultrasound technological application and new techniques creation is shown.
Wear resistance increase in friction surfaces of spherical journal bearings by finish plasma strengthening
Authors: Горленко Александр , Gorlenko Aleksandr
Published: August 2016

The technology of finish plasma strengthening (FPS) with the multi-layer nano-coating of the Si-O-CN system as applied to the friction surface strengthening in spherical journal bearings is considered. This method relates to the processes of tubeless chemical precipitation of coatings at atmosphere pressure with the use of volatile fluids of element-organic compounds and gas environment with the simultaneous activation of a surface by electroarc plasma. The essence and distinguishing features of FPS are analyzed. Tribological characteristics of an applied wear resistant antifriction coating are investigated which stipulate for wear resistance increase in spherical journal bearings.
Fire Risk Analysis in Potash Mines
Authors: Грот  , Grot V. , Сидорчук  , Sidorchuk V. , Грозовский  , Grozovskiy G. , Котельников  , Kotelnikov V. , Бром  , Brom A.
Published: August 2016

The influence of various factors on the fires probability in the potash mines has been evaluated. The most critical flammable

devices and objects, and the conditions of ignition have been identified. Scenarios of development for the most dangerous

situations have been analyzed, and the fire risks have been assessed. Conclusions have been drawn, and recommendations

have been given on the ignition probability reducing.
Extracting Maximum Value from Consumer Returns: Allocating Between Remarketing and Refurbishing for Warranty Claims
Authors: Pinçe Çerağ , Ferguson Mark , Toktay Beril
Published: August 2016

The high cost of lenient return policies force consumer electronics original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to look for ways to recover value from lightly used consumer returns, which constitute a substantial fraction of sales and cannot be resold as new products. Refurbishing to remarket or to fulfill warranty claims are the two common disposition options considered to unlock the value in consumer returns, which present the OEM with a challenging problem: How should an OEM dynamically allocate consumer returns between fulfilling warranty claims and remarketing refurbished products over the product’s life cycle? We analyze this dynamic allocation problem and find that when warranty claims and consumer returns are jointly taken into account, the remarketing option is generally dominated by the option of refurbishing and earmarking consumer returns to fulfill warranty claims. Over the product’s life cycle, the OEM should strategically emphasize earmarking of consumer returns at the early stages of the life cycle to build up earmarked inventory for the future warranty demand, whereas it should consider remarketing at the later stages of the life cycle after enough earmarked inventory is accumulated or most of the warranty demand uncertainty is resolved. These findings show that, for product categories with significant warranty coverage and refund costs, remarketing may not be the most profitable disposition option even if the product has strong remarketing potential and the OEM has the pricing leverage to tap into this market. We also show that the optimal dynamic disposition policy is a price-dependent base-stock policy where the earmarked quantity is capacitated by the new and refurbished product sales quantities. We compare with the myopic policy and show that it is a good heuristic for the optimal dynamic disposition policy.
Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Adolescent Students in Public Secondary Schools in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Lateef O. J , Njogu E , Kiplamai F. , Haruna U. S , Lawal R. A
Published: August 2016

Adolescents and childhood overweight and obesity have been observed as one of the serious public health challenges of the 21st century by World Health Organization. This study identified the determinants of overweight and obesity among adolescents in public schools in Kwara state, Nigeria.

Multistage and stratified sampling techniques were used to randomly select 515 participants which comprised of 343 girls and 172 boys aged (10-19) years in 8 public secondary schools from 32 schools in 2 zonal inspectorate divisions. Data was collected using modified Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Digital bathroom scale and stadiometer were used to measure weight and height of the participants. (SPSS, Version 20) and WHO Anthroplus were used to analyze the data

Overall prevalence of overweight is (4.7%) and obesity (0.2%), while prevalence for male and female overweight (0.6%, 6.7%) and obesity (0%, 0.3%) respectively. Calculated mean BMI for age of the participants was (19.72± 2.62) kg/m2. Overweight and obesity were positive but weakly correlated to food consumption (FC) of participants (r= 0.012), however the relationship was significant (p< 0.001). Furthermore, overweight and obesity were negatively correlated with no significance to the physical activity level of participants (r=-0.105).

Participants need to consume more of low calorie foods such as fruits and vegetables and should also engage in more physical activity practices such as aerobics to lower overweight and obesity prevalence.
Redefinition of Pedestrian Route-Finding Networks as a Tool to Return Vitality and Responsiveness to Yazd Khan Plaza
Authors: Moghimi Leila , Assari Ali
Published: August 2016

The requirement of communities to new urban elements has changed urban space and proportional to modern community. These changes have been realized in new urban texture within modernism framework and also in old texture as wearing framework and converted them into ill urban spaces. Removing balance in social life may appear in public scenes at historic textures with which a modern element competes including street. In order to find the most efficient strategy to compensate such imbalance, reassessment of access route networks may work effectively. This approach should notice two types of determinant factors in the path toward achievement of the main goal that is resuming comprehensive balance to life in historic texture: On the one hand, using of potential in the available communication network and on the other hand redefinition of historic elements may play role in strategic situations as the linking elements. Rather than referring to definition of vitality and responsiveness in an urban space in this article, it has been dealt with subject of reclamation and renewal of these textures that also caused responsiveness and vitality in historic urban space as well and finally Yazd Khan Plaza has been mentioned as case study in this investigation. Yazd Khan Plaza is subject to imbalance in social life as one of the social scenes in historic Yazd city due to its adjacency to street lines from Pahlavi period. This article is codified according to the aforesaid approach and proposing of executive strategies in order to resume the balance in vitality and comprehensive dynamism by strengthening and creating networks of communication walk to this precious historic complex.
Isolation and Characterization of Two Cyanobacterial Strains Calothrix Sp. and Microchaete Sp. from Rice Fields of Karimganj District, Assam, North East India
Authors: Thajamanbi Moirangthem , Rout Jayashree , Thajuddin Nooruddin
Published: August 2016

Studies on various nitrogen fixing microalgal strains found in the rice paddy field soils are carried out in different parts of the world. In the present study two cyanobacterial strains belonging to the order nostocales, Calothrix sp. and Microchaete sp. were isolated from the rice fields of Karimganj district, South Assam, India and characterized based on their morphological, biochemical and molecular analysis. For the phenotypic characterization - growth, pigments (chlorophyll a, total carotenoid content, phycobiliproteins) and biochemical properties (total carbohydrate and soluble proteins) were studied. The study showed that both strains contain lower phycoerythrin content as compared to the other pigments. The Microchaete strain contain a higher total carotenoid content while chlorophyll a accumulation was higher in the Calothrix strain. Phylogenetic compairision was made using 16S rRNA gene sequences including other sequences of Calothrix, Microchaete and Tolypothrix species from GenBank. The results showed that polyphasic approach provides necessary information for the identification of cyanobacterial species using morphological analysis in combination with molecular techniques.
A Preliminary Study on Odonata Diversity in Three Diverse Landscapes of Cachar District, Assam, India
Authors: Gupta Susmita , Veeneela R
Published: August 2016

Odonates are valuable as indicators of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem health and also play a vital role as prey and predator to maintain the balance of trophic levels of food chain. Diversity and distribution of different species of Odonata and physico-chemical properties of water of their habitat in the rural (RA), urban (UA) and tea garden (TG) area of Cachar district of Assam was investigated. A total of fourteen (14) species (larva and adult) were recorded from the three areas. Six species were recorded in RA, four species in TG and six species in UA. Two species Ischnura aurora aurora and Agriocnemis pygmaea pygmaea were recorded common in TG and UA. In TG presence of only two tolerant families indicated that the water quality of the area is polluted. In RA, presence of Aeshnidae indicated relatively better condition of water quality.
Shift in Climate Class Over Tamil Nadu
Authors: Panneerselvam S , Kokilavani S , Ramaraj A. P , Dheebakaran G. A , Balasubramania T. N
Published: August 2016

Climate being a significant driver for best selection of crops in a region, allocation of similar climatic zones has always received plunge.Twenty per cent or more precipitation decrease is anticipated for many parts of the arid regions in the next century. Rainfall is a crucial agro-climatological factor in the seasonally arid parts of the world and its analysis is an essential prerequisite for agricultural planning in India. Ninety years (1911-2000) of both South West Monsoon (SWM) and North East Monsoon (NEM) rainfall data of Tamil Nadu (excluding urbanite Chennai)and potential evapotranspiration data were collected and analysed. The moisture index (Im) was computed based on Thornthwaite and Mather model. Based on the moisture index value of the SWM and NEM, the districts were classified under different climate groups.Over 90 years study, seven districts comes under arid (E), 17 under semi-arid(D), five under dry sub humid(C1) and one each in moist sub humid(C2) and per humid (A) class respectively(SWM period). During NEM no districts registered under (E) or (D) climate class. Further seven districts fell each in (C1) and (C2) class respectively and12 districts comes under Humid(B) and five districts under (A) climate class for Tamil Nadu.During SWM, both the data slice (30 years) and decadal (10 years) analysis explored Trichy district might experience severe moisture stress compared to the past. Madurai, Perambalur and Virudhunagar showed a change from (B1) to (C2) during NEM which showed there might be a change in reduction in soil moisture status among the data slice period. Remaining districts fell within the same climate group.
An Assessment on Economic Impact of Growth Over Fishing of Commercially Important Marine Ariids Along Mumbai, Northwest Coast of India.
Authors: Sugumar Ramkumar , Jaiswar A. K , Lakshmanan Ranjith , Chakraborty Sushant , Purushottama G. B , Deshmukh Vinay , Kavungal Vinod , George Rani
Published: August 2016

The economic assessment on juvenile landings of four dominant marine catfishes at New Ferry Wharf (NFW) landing centre, Mumbai, Northwest coast of India was carried out during January to December, 2013. The dominant catfishes viz. Nemapteryx caelata (19.7 %), Plicofollis dussumieri (21.5 %), P. tenuispinis (24.8 %) and Osteogeneiosus militaris (27.5 %) together contributing 93% of total marine catfish landings of the state. Among four species, the juvenile landings of N. caelata contribute maximum(93.17 %) followed by P. dussumieri (57.14 %), O. militaris (36.11 %) and P. tenuispinis (21.43 %) with the maximum landing during November to March . The bioeconomic model reveals that if juveniles are allowed to grow up to length at first maturity (Lm); an estimated total annual economic gain will be Rs. 13.15 crores with an estimated biomass gain of 1222 t per annum. The estimated total annual biomass is increased by 2.07 times with an increase in additional revenue by 3.7 times would have been realised. The results of present study suggest that sustainable harvest of these resources would have been yielded maximum economic return to the fishers. With the help of stakeholders participatory approach, management measures such as strict mesh size regulation, effort restriction on bottom trawl up to 50 m depth and awareness campign on catching juveniles and adult in particulat to the oral incubated male ariids, would have been implemented during November to March to avoid growth over fishing.
Assessment of the Water Quality of Hussain Sagar, Fox Sagar and Kattamysamma Lakes of Hyderabad, Telangana State, India: Using Water Quality Index (WQI)
Authors: Lingaswamy Manchala , Saxena Praveen
Published: August 2016

The present study was carried out to assess the water quality of three lakes of Hyderabad, Telangana State, India viz., Hussain Sagar, Fox Sagar and Kattamysamma Lake by using water quality index (WQI). For this study systematic sampling has been carried out by collecting sixteen samples from each lake. The collected samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (TA), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Nitrates (NO32-), Sulphates (SO42-), Fluoride (F-) and Chloride (Cl-) according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA 2005) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guide manual: Water and Waste water analysis. The results were compared with water quality guidelines for drinking purpose (BIS 2012). The mean values of most water quality parameters were significantly higher than the accept limits in all three lakes.Ten important water variables were chosen to calculate Water Quality Index (WQI). All the three lakes fall under unsuitable for drinking purpose (>100) according to WQI scale.
The Great Recession in the US from the Perspective of the World Economy
Authors: Juan Pablo Mateo
Published: August 2016

In this article, the economic crisis from the US perspective is analyzed, using a Marxist approach. As the so-called Great Recession constitutes a general crisis of the capitalist economy at world level, this article intends to provide an analytical framework to explain it from the profitability of capital point of view, while emphasizing the meaning of the real estate bubble and the placement of the US economy in the world system. In doing so, an additional objective of this article is to provide elements to reveal the limitations of the conceptions of the theory of the crisis based on income distribution, finance, neoliberalism, and generally any aspect outside the core of the process of capitalist valorization as the key explaining factor.
The Politics of Modernization and the Misleading Approaches to Development
Authors: Ndinawe Byekwaso
Published: August 2016

This article deconstructs the theory of modernization and argues that the theory is a political propaganda to mislead the people of Third World countries; the social transformation the theory advocates is not for the development of Third World countries. Instead, modernization is actually gradually destroying the local productive capacity, while cultivating the Western individualism in the South. In Uganda, the policies to bring about modernization under economic reform have made the economy to be dominated by a service sector that neither creates ample employment opportunities nor earns foreign exchange for the country. They have undermined manufacturing and agriculture, and as a result, a large percentage of the population is experiencing food insecurity. The article concludes by arguing that Uganda should have learnt from China's self-determined reforms and China should also learn from Uganda's experience while contemplating to adopt further reforms under foreign pressure.
Clinical Significance of TIPE2 Protein Upregulation in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Hao Chunyan , Zhang Na , Geng Minghong , Ren Qing , Li Yan , Wang Yan , Chen Youhai H. , Liu Suxia
Published: August 2016

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), which includes diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, is a refractory malignant tumor originated from the lymphatic system. TNFAIP8L2 (TIPE2 or tumor necrosis-alpha-induced protein-8 like 2) is a negative regulator for inflammation and an inhibitor for carcinogenesis. However, whether TIPE2 plays a role in lymphomagenesis is unknown. In this study, we determined TIPE2 expression in NHL by immunohistochemistry and investigated its clinicopathological significance in DLBCL. We found that TIPE2 expression was upregulated in both DLBCL and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. But the expression of TIPE2 in T lymphomas was weaker than that in DLBCL. Interestingly, among DLBCL, TIPE2 expression was significantly stronger in the germinal center B-cell (GCB) type than in the non-GCB type. These results suggest that the expression of TIPE2 protein could be a predictor of better prognosis for DLBCL.
Prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Badriah Cut , Amir Idham , Elvioza Elvioza , Ifran Evita
Published: August 2016

Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the main causeof visual impairment in premature infants. Due to advances inneonatal care, the increased survival of extremely low birth weight(ELBW) infants in recent years has produced a population ofinfants at very high risk of ROP.Objective The aims of this study were to determine theprevalence and potential risk factors for ROP.Methods This retrospective study was conducted at theNeonatalogy Ward, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, fromJanuary 2005 to August 2010. We included all prematureinfants of gestational age (GA) < 37 weeks, body weight(BW) not exceeding 2000 grams, as well as those who hadeye examinations and complete medical records. Risk factorssuch as GA, BW, duration of oxygen (Oz) therapy, sepsis, andred blood cell (RBC) transfusion were analyzed using the Chi􀀻square and logistic regression tests. Pediatric ophthalmologistshad performed eye examinations on all infants. ROP was gradedaccording to the International Classification of ROP.Results The prevalence of ROP and of stage 3 or greaterROP was 11.9% and 4.8% of all subjects, respectively. Bodyweight, GA, duration of Oz therapy, and sepsis were found tobe associated with the development ofROP. However, stepwiselogistic regression analysis revealed that only BW of:s 1000g [odds ratio (OR) 10.88; 95% CI 3.09 to 38.31; P < 0.000],02 therapy 2: 7 days (OR 5.56; 95% CI 1.86 to 16.58; P <0.0001), and GA of oS 28 weeks (OR 4.26; 95% CI 1.15 to15.81; P = 0.030) were statistically significant risk factors forROP. The equation obtained was y 􀀃 -4.092 + 2.388 (BW)+ 1.451 (GA) + 1.716 (duration of 02 therapy). The modelshowed good calibration (a non􀀻significant Hosmer􀀻Lemeshowtest; P = 0.816) and discriminative ability. The area underthe curve (AUC) value was 92.2% (95% CI 0.867 to 0.976;P < 0.0001).Conclusion Prevalence ofROP in this study (11.9%) was lowerthan that of previous studies. By regression logistic analysis, themain risk factors for development ofROP were BW of:s 1000g, Oz therapy 2: 7 days, and GA :s 28 weeks. The probability ofROP occurrence increased v.ith greater number of risk factors.[Paediatr rndones. 2012;52:138-44].
Comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed infants
Authors: Bogar Analysa Margaretha , Tangkilisan Helena Anneke , Lestari Hesti
Published: August 2016

Background Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for theprevention of rickets. Human milk typically contains a vitaminD concentration of 25 lUlL or less. Breastfed infants are at riskof vitamin D deficiency. Previous studies conducted in countrieswith four seasons have reported that risk factors associated withvitamin D deficiency influence the vitamin D status in exclusivelybreastfed infants.Objective To compare the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25 (OH)D) in exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed in-fants.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in SingkilDistrict, Manado from February to May 2011. Of 48 Posyandu(Integrated Health Center), 4 were chosen to be the sourcesof subjects for this study. Subjects were collected consecutivelyamong infants aged 6-7 months. The resulting exclusively andnon-exclusively breastfed groups had 36 infants each.Results The mean 25 (OH)D level in the exclusively breastfedgroup was 61.75 nmoliL (95% CI 58.02 to 65.48) and in the nonexclusivelybreastfed group was 85.09 nmollL (95% CI 79.49 to90.68). The difference in 25 (OH)D levels in the two groups wasstatistically significant. However, 25 (OH)D levels of both groupswere Mthin the normal range.Conclusion The 25 (OH)D level was significantly lower in ex-clusively breastfed infants compared to that in non-exclusivelybreastfed infants, but both levels were still in the normal range.[Paediatr rndones. 2012;52:157-60].
Repeat urine cultures in children with urinary tract infection
Authors: Prasetyo Risky Vitria , Soemyarso Ninik Asmaningsih , Noer Mohammad Sjaifullah
Published: August 2016

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the secondleading cause of infection in children, following respiratorytract infections. Repeat urine cultures after antibiotic treatmentare routinely obtained in clinical practice to verify proof ofbacteriologic cure. The American Academy of Pediatrics doesnot recommended repeat cultures, due to increased cost anddiscomfort to patients.Objective To determine the frequency of positive repeat urinecultures after 3 days of antibiotics in children 'With UTIs.Methods We conducted a retrospective study on childrenwith UTIs who visited the Division of Pediatric Nephrology,Department of Child Health at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabayafrom January 2006 to December 2011. Results of repeat urinecultures were obtained after 3 days of antibiotic treatment.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.Results Of the 779 pediatric UTI cases, repeat urine cultureswere performed in 264 (33.9%) cases. Of the 264 patients whocomprised our study, there were similar numbers of girls and boys(50.4% vs. 49.6%, respectively). The mean age of patients was43.9 (SD 1.59) months and 35.5% of subjects were aged under 1year. In the initial urine cultures of our subjects, Escherichia coliwas the most common organism found, v,ith 92 cases (34.8%),compared to 58 cases (21.9%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 29cases (10.9%) of Pseudom.onas aeruginosa. Repeat urine culturesshowed no bacterial growth in 168 cases (63.6%).Conclusion Mostly negative repeat urine cultures v,ill probablyobviate the need of this test in daily routine practice. [PaediatrIndanes.2012,52:170·4].