bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can tropical nature reserves provide and protect cultural ecosystem services? A case study in Xishuangbanna, China
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Wenwen , Li Qiuping , Guo Xianming , Wang Bin , Zhang Ludan , Shen Qingzhong , Fu Ranfei , Peng Junyu , Deng Zhiyun , Zhang Li
Published: October 2023

Cultural ecosystem services (CES) play a pivotal role in local natural conservation and management; however, they frequently remain overlooked by policymakers due to challenges in their definition and quantification. These services are particularly relevant to Asia's indigenous populations. Shangyong and Mengla, two tropical forest reserves in the Xishuangbanna region of Yunnan province, China, were selected for an in‐depth study of CES in this area. Through village interviews and questionnaire surveys, the varieties of CES and their significance were identified and catalogued. Subsequently, the distributions of different CES types were mapped and modelled based on environmental drivers and hotspots. A conservation priority indicator was then formulated to identify the most critical CES necessitating conservation, as these are susceptible to human disturbances in the absence of protected nature reserves. Our findings indicated that the most commonly recognised CES included wildlife, leisure and recreational, folk and custom, and sense of place and identity. Benefits derived from leisure and recreational, and wildlife CES were predominantly safeguarded by nature reserves. In contrast, folk and custom CES and spiritual and religious CES were less reliant on these reserves due to intrinsic community‐based protection. Consequently, while the two tropical forest reserves in Xishuangbanna offer a range of CES, there is a need for differentiated management strategies to foster local support for conservation management decision‐making. The inherent conservation initiatives for spiritual and religious CES and folk and custom CES should be leveraged by incorporating or co‐managing these sacred sites within our protected area system. Conversely, CES with a higher conservation priority index, such as leisure and recreational CES and wildlife CES, require government‐led conservation to safeguard the cultural well‐being of local communities. In conclusion, incorporating CES into nature reserve management strategies is crucial across various conservation contexts.
Smartphone and social network addiction in early adolescents: The role of self‐regulatory self‐efficacy in a pilot school‐based intervention
Authors: Favini Ainzara , Culcasi Flavia , Cirimele Flavia , Remondi Chiara , Plata Maryluz Gomez , Caldaroni Silvia , Virzì Alessia Teresa , Luengo Kanacri Bernadette Paula
Published: October 2023

Background

Youths' online problematic behaviors, such as smartphone or social network sites (SNS) addiction, gained increasing attention nowadays, due to their impact on concurrent and later adjustment, such as emotional and/or behavioral problems, academic impairments, or relational issues.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot school‐based intervention to contrast online addictive behaviors while fostering adolescents' self‐regulative abilities.

Materials & Methods

The intervention started in January 2022 in an Italian junior high school located in Rome, and consisted of four meetings with students. A total sample of 462 15‐year‐old adolescents (Mage = 15.2; SD = 0.50; 41% females; Ncontrol = 214; Nintervention = 248) was considered. Within the latent difference score framework, we examined short‐term changes from the pre‐to‐the‐postintervention levels of SNS and smartphone addiction, and self‐regulatory self‐efficacy (SRSE) beliefs as a possible booster of the intervention's effectiveness.

Results

Results showed a significant decrease in both online addictions (SNS and smartphone addiction), controlling for age, gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status, because of the short‐term efficacy of the project. The buffering effect of SRSE beliefs was further supported.

Conclusion

These findings emphasized the usefulness of promoting youths' self‐regulative beliefs to contrast problematic tendencies, according to a Positive Youth Development perspective which focused on resources rather than only on the prevention of negative outcomes for youths' adjustment.
New palladium complexes with N‐heterocyclic carbene and morpholine ligands: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, molecular docking, and biological activities
Authors: Behçet Ayten , Taslimi Parham , Şen Betül , Taskın‐Tok Tuğba , Aktaş Aydın , Gök Yetkin , Aygün Muhittin , Gülçin İlhami
Published: October 2023

This work includes the synthesis of a new series of palladium‐based complexes containing both morpholine and N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands. The new complexes were characterized using NMR (1H and 13C), FTIR spectroscopic, and elemental analysis techniques. The crystal structure of complex 1b was obtained by utilizing the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. X‐ray studies show that the coordination environment of palladium atom is completed by the carbene carbon atom of the NHC ligand, the nitrogen atom of the morpholine ring, and a pair of bromide ligand, resulting in the formation of slightly distorted square planar geometry. All complexes were determined for some metabolic enzyme activities. Results indicated that all the synthetic complexes exhibited powerful inhibitory actions against all aims as compared to the control molecules. Ki values of new morpholine‐liganded complexes bearing 4‐hydroxyphenylethyl group 1a‐e for hCA I, hCA II, AChE, BChE, and α‐glycosidase enzymes were obtained in the ranges 0.93–2.14, 1.01–2.03, 4.58–10.27, 7.02–13.75, and 73.86–102.65 µM, respectively. Designing of reported complexes is impacted by molecular docking study, and interaction with the current enzymes also proclaimed that compounds 1e (–12.25 kcal/mol for AChE and –11.63 kcal/mol for BChE), 1c (–10.77 kcal/mol and –9.26 kcal/mol for α‐Gly and hCA II, respectively), and 1a (–8.31 kcal/mol for hCA I) are showing binding affinity and interaction from the synthesized five novel complexes.
A systematic literature review of reciprocity in engineering service‐learning/community engagement
Authors: Delaine David A. , Redick Sarah , Radhakrishnan Dhinesh , Shermadou Amena , Smith Mandy McCormick , Kandakatla Rohit , Wang Linjue , Freitas Claudio , Dalton Casey L. , Dostilio Lina Dee , DeBoer Jennifer
Published: October 2023

Background

Scholars agree that reciprocity is a cornerstone of service‐learning and community engagement (SLCE); however, engagement with this concept varies widely in practice and across disciplines. To enhance the potential of SLCE to fulfill its promise for societal impact, engineering education must understand how reciprocity is achieved, recognize barriers that inhibit its progress, and identify strategies for how it can be strengthened.

Purpose

We performed this review to understand the ways reciprocity is articulated in the engineering SLCE literature. Drawing from these articulations, we examined the extent of engagement with reciprocity toward providing insights into the design and assessment of SLCE efforts for reciprocity.

Scope/Method

We performed a systematic literature review on engineering SLCE at institutes of higher education. Following an established approach to identify and synthesize articles, we developed deductive codes by distilling three well‐articulated orientations of reciprocity. We then analyzed the operationalization of reciprocity in the literature.

Results

The literature demonstrated varying degrees of reciprocity. Minimally reciprocal efforts centered university stakeholders. In contrast, highly reciprocal partnerships explicitly addressed the nature of engagement with communities. Findings provide insights into the breadth of practice within reciprocity present in engineering SLCE. Further, analysis suggests that our codes and levels of reciprocity can function as a framework that supports the design and evaluation of reciprocity in SLCE efforts.

Conclusions

Our review suggests that to enact more equitable SLCE, researchers and practitioners must intentionally conceptualize reciprocity, translate it into practice, and make visible the ways in which reciprocity is enacted within their SLCE efforts.
Guidelines for the purification and characterization of extracellular vesicles of parasites
Authors: Fernandez‐Becerra Carmen , Xander Patrícia , Alfandari Daniel , Dong George , Aparici‐Herraiz Iris , Rosenhek‐Goldian Irit , Shokouhy Mehrdad , Gualdron‐Lopez Melisa , Lozano Nicholy , Cortes‐Serra Nuria , Karam Paula Abou , Meneghetti Paula , Madeira Rafael Pedro , Porat Ziv , Soares Rodrigo Pedro , Costa Adriana Oliveira , Rafati Sima , da Silva Anabela‐Cordeiro , Santarém Nuno , Fernandez‐Prada Christopher , Ramirez Marcel I. , Bernal Dolores , Marcilla Antonio , Pereira‐Chioccola Vera Lucia , Alves Lysangela Ronalte , Portillo Hernando Del , Regev‐Rudzki Neta , de Almeida Igor Correia , Schenkman Sergio , Olivier Martin , Torrecilhas Ana Claudia
Published: October 2023

Parasites are responsible for the most neglected tropical diseases, affecting over a billion people worldwide (WHO, 2015) and accounting for billions of cases a year and responsible for several millions of deaths. Research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has increased in recent years and demonstrated that EVs shed by pathogenic parasites interact with host cells playing an important role in the parasite's survival, such as facilitation of infection, immunomodulation, parasite adaptation to the host environment and the transfer of drug resistance factors. Thus, EVs released by parasites mediate parasite‐parasite and parasite‐host intercellular communication. In addition, they are being explored as biomarkers of asymptomatic infections and disease prognosis after drug treatment. However, most current protocols used for the isolation, size determination, quantification and characterization of molecular cargo of EVs lack greater rigor, standardization, and adequate quality controls to certify the enrichment or purity of the ensuing bioproducts. We are now initiating major guidelines based on the evolution of collective knowledge in recent years. The main points covered in this position paper are methods for the isolation and molecular characterization of EVs obtained from parasite‐infected cell cultures, experimental animals, and patients. The guideline also includes a discussion of suggested protocols and functional assays in host cells
A systematic evaluation on the relationship between hypo‐osmoregulation and hyper‐osmoregulation in decapods of different habitats
Authors: Bozza Deivyson Cattine , Freire Carolina Arruda , Prodocimo Viviane
Published: October 2023

Decapods occupy all aquatic, and terrestrial and semi‐terrestrial environments. According to their osmoregulatory capacity, they can be osmoconformers or osmoregulators (hypo or hyperegulators). The goal of this study is to gather data available in the literature for aquatic decapods and verify if the rare hyporegulatory capacity of decapods is associated with hyper‐regulatory capacity. The metric used to quantify osmoregulation was the osmotic capacity (OC), the gradient between external and internal (hemolymph) osmolalities. We employ phylogenetic comparative methods using 83 species of decapods to test the correlation between hyper OC and hypo OC, beyond the ancestral state for osmolality habitat, which was used to reconstruct the colonization route. Our analysis showed a phylogenetic signal for habitat osmolality, hyper OC and hypo OC, suggesting that hyper‐hyporegulators decapods occupy similar habitats and show similar hyper and hyporegulatory capacities. Our findings reveal that all hyper‐hyporegulators decapods (mainly shrimps and crabs) originated in estuarine waters. Hyper OC and hypo OC are correlated in decapods, suggesting correlated evolution. The analysis showed that species which inhabit environments with intense salinity variation such as estuaries, supratidal and mangrove habitats, all undergo selective pressure to acquire efficient hyper‐hyporegulatory mechanisms, aided by low permeabilities. Therefore, hyporegulation can be observed in any colonization route that passes through environments with extreme variations in salinity, such as estuaries or brackish water.
Straightforward method for the synthesis of 2H‐furo[3,2‐b]pyran‐2‐one derivatives starting from allomaltol
Authors: Komogortsev Andrey N. , Lichitsky Boris V. , Milyutin Constantine V. , Melekhina Valeriya G.
Published: October 2023

We developed a facile approach for the preparation of a rare 2H‐furo[3,2‐b]pyran‐2‐one system. The suggested method is based on a two‐step process using unsubstituted allomaltol as a starting compound. The key stage of the considered route is a condensation of 2‐(2‐aryl‐2‐oxoethyl)‐3‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones with 1,1‐carbonyldiimidazole. The advantages of the presented method are commercially available starting materials and convenient experimental procedures including simple isolation of the target compounds. The structure of one of the 2H‐furo[3,2‐b]pyran‐2‐ones was confirmed by x‐ray diffraction.
Expression patterns of the transcription factors Fezf1, Fezf2, and Bcl11b in the olfactory organs of turtle embryos
Authors: Nakamuta Shoko , Noda Hideki , Kato Hideaki , Yokoyama Takuya , Yamamoto Yoshio , Nakamuta Nobuaki
Published: October 2023

Many tetrapod vertebrates have two distinct olfactory organs, the olfactory epithelium (OE) and vomeronasal organ (VNO). In turtles, the olfactory organ consists of two types of sensory epithelia, the upper chamber epithelium (UCE; corresponding to the OE) and the lower chamber epithelium (LCE; corresponding to the VNO). In many turtle species, the UCE contains ciliated olfactory receptor cells (ORCs) and the LCE contains microvillous ORCs. To date, several transcription factors involved in the development of the OE and VNO have been identified in mammals. Fez family zinc‐finger protein 1 and 2 (Fezf1 and 2) are expressed in the OE and VNO, respectively, of mouse embryos, and are involved in the development and maintenance of ORCs. B‐cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B (Bcl11b) is expressed in the mouse embryo OE except the dorsomedial parts of the nasal cavity, and regulates the expression of odorant receptors in the ORCs. In this study, we examined the expression of Fezf1, Fezf2, and Bcl11b in the olfactory organs of embryos in three turtle species, Pelodiscus sinensis, Trachemys scripta elegans, and Centrochelys sulcata, to evaluate their involvement in the development of reptile olfactory organs. In all three turtle species, Bcl11b was expressed in the UCE, Fezf2 in the LCE, and Fezf1 in both the UCE and LCE. These results imply that the roles of the transcription factors Fezf1, Fezf2, and Bcl11b in olfactory organ development are conserved among mammals and turtles.
Accelerated Cine Cardiac MRI Using Deep Learning‐Based Reconstruction: A Systematic Evaluation
Authors: Pednekar Amol , Kocaoglu Murat , Wang Hui , Tanimoto Aki , Tkach Jean A. , Lang Sean , Taylor Michael D.
Published: October 2023

Background

Breath‐holding (BH) for cine balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) imaging is challenging for patients with impaired BH capacity. Deep learning‐based reconstruction (DLR) of undersampled k‐space promises to shorten BHs while preserving image quality and accuracy of ventricular assessment.

Purpose

To perform a systematic evaluation of DLR of cine bSSFP images from undersampled k‐space over a range of acceleration factors.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

Fifteen pectus excavatum patients (mean age 16.8 ± 5.4 years, 20% female) with normal cardiac anatomy and function and 12‐second BH capability.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5‐T, cine bSSFP.

Assessment

Retrospective DLR was conducted by applying compressed sensitivity encoding (C‐SENSE) acceleration to systematically undersample fully sampled k‐space cine bSSFP acquisition data over an acceleration/undersampling factor (R) considering a range of 2 to 8. Quality imperceptibility (QI) measures, including structural similarity index measure, were calculated using images reconstructed from fully sampled k‐space as a reference. Image quality, including contrast and edge definition, was evaluated for diagnostic adequacy by three readers with varying levels of experience in cardiac MRI (>4 years, >18 years, and 1 year). Automated DL‐based biventricular segmentation was performed commercially available software by cardiac radiologists with more than 4 years of experience.

Statistical Tests

Tukey box plots, linear mixed effects model, analysis of variance (ANOVA), weighted kappa, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were employed as appropriate. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

There was a significant decrease in the QI values and edge definition scores as R increased. Diagnostically adequate image quality was observed up to R = 5. The effect of R on all biventricular volumetric indices was non‐significant (P = 0.447).

Data Conclusion

The biventricular volumetric indices obtained from the reconstruction of fully sampled cine bSSFP acquisitions and DLR of the same k‐space data undersampled by C‐SENSE up to R = 5 may be comparable.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Nutrition guidelines for preterm infants: A systematic review
Authors: Meiliana Meiliana , Alexander Tanith , Bloomfield Frank H. , Cormack Barbara E. , Harding Jane E. , Walsh Orla , Lin Luling
Published: October 2023

Background

There is no consensus on optimal nutrition for preterm infants, leading to substantial practice variation. We aimed to assess the quality of nutrition guidelines for preterm infants, the consistency of recommendations, and the gaps in recommendations.

Methods

We searched databases and websites for nutrition guidelines for preterm infants before first hospital discharge, which were endorsed, prepared, or authorized by a regional, national, or international body, written in English, and published between 2012 and 2023. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted the recommendations. Four reviewers appraised the included guidelines using Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation II.

Results

A total of 7051 were identified, with 27 guidelines included, 26% of which were high in quality. Most guidelines lacked stakeholder involvement and rigor of development. We found considerable variation in recommendations, many of which lacked details on certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation. Recommendations for type of feed and breastmilk fortification were consistent among high‐quality guidelines, but recommendations varied for intakes of almost all nutrients and monitoring of nutrition adequacy. Different guidelines gave different certainty of evidence for the same recommendations. Most gaps in recommendations were due to very low certainty of evidence.

Conclusion

Future development of nutrition guidelines for preterm infants should follow the standard guideline development method and ensure the rigorous process, including stakeholders' involvement, to improve the reporting of strength of recommendation, certainty of evidence, and gaps in recommendation. Evidence is needed to support recommendations about macro and micronutrient intakes, breastmilk fortification, and markers on adequacy of intake of different nutrients.
Hypersensitivity to glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists: A case of delayed urticaria‐like rash to dulaglutide and literature review
Authors: Bianchi Leonardo , Ali Biglu Marash Samane , Malatesta Nicolò , Hansel Katharina , Tramontana Marta , Stingeni Luca
Published: October 2023

Dulaglutide is a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist, which stimulates insulin release via activation of GLP‐1 receptors on pancreatic beta cells. We report the case of a 45‐year‐old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus who started dulaglutide subcutaneously and developed, a few minutes after the fourth administration, a persistent itchy reaction at the injection site, followed, after two more administrations, by a diffuse itchy delayed urticaria‐like rash, healed in 7 days after drug interruption. Skin test performed after 3 months from the event demonstrated the culprit role of the drug. Given the limited evidence in literature, there is currently no standardised protocol for testing patients sensitised to one or more glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. Performing skin tests, especially intradermal tests, is pivotal to confirm the aetiological role of the drug in the suspected hypersensitivity reaction, and possibly to identify an alternative to be proposed before precluding the entire drug class. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of systemic hypersensitivity reaction to dulaglutide presenting as a delayed urticaria‐like rash and confirmed by positive skin test.
Kinetics and mechanism of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) digestion by the UV/O3 process
Authors: Zhu Jialong , Fang Kaixuan , Zhang Mengdi , Chen Huixuan , Zhou Mengfei , Sun Xiaofang
Published: October 2023

In this study, the kinetics and mechanism of UV/O3 synergistic oxidative digestion of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) were investigated, focusing on the ozone direct oxidation and hydroxyl radical oxidation parts of glufosinate and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP). The p‐chlorobenzoic acid (p‐CBA) was selected as the probe compound, and two kinds of reaction kinetic models were proposed by competitive kinetic method with Rct according to the different scale of rate constants of hydroxyl radical oxidation. Under the condition of weakly alkaline (pH = 9.0) and weakly acidic environment (pH = 5.0), the second‐order rate constants of glufosinate and TPhP was determined indirectly to be ko3/glufosinate = (2.903 ± 0.247)M−1s−1 and ko3/TPhP = (3.307 ± 0.204) M−1s−1 by ozone direct oxidation, and k·OH/glufosinate = (1.257 ± 1.031) × 109 M−1s−1 and k·OH/TPhP = (7.120 × 108 ± 0.963) M−1s−1 by hydroxyl radical oxidation, respectively. The comparison of the contribution levels of the two parts to the digestion process showed that the contribution levels in the digestion of glufosinate and TPhP processes both the contribution of ·OH were higher than those of ozone, 86.3% and 72.6%, respectively.
Hydrology, rather than wildfire burn extent, determines post‐fire organic and black carbon export from mountain rivers in central coastal California
Authors: Barton Riley , Richardson Christina M. , Pae Evelyn , Montalvo Maya S. , Redmond Michael , Zimmer Margaret A. , Wagner Sasha
Published: October 2023

Coastal mountain rivers export disproportionately high quantities of terrestrial organic carbon (OC) directly to the ocean, feeding microbial communities and altering coastal ecology. To better predict and mitigate the effects of wildfires on aquatic ecosystems and resources, we must evaluate the relationships between fire, hydrology, and carbon export, particularly in the fire‐prone western United States. This study examined the spatiotemporal export of particulate and dissolved OC (POC and DOC, respectively) and particulate and dissolved black carbon (PBC and DBC, respectively) from five coastal mountain watersheds following the 2020 CZU Lightning Complex Fires (California, USA). Despite high variability in watershed burn extent (20–98%), annual POC, DOC, PBC, and DBC concentrations remained relatively stable among the different watersheds. Instead, they correlated significantly with watershed discharge. Our findings indicate that hydrology, rather than burn extent, is a primary driver of post‐fire carbon export in coastal mountain watersheds.
Spectroscopically dark phosphate features revealed by chemical exchange saturation transfer
Authors: Lu Jiaqi , Straub Joshua S. , Nowotarski Mesopotamia S. , Han Songi , Xu Xiang , Jerschow Alexej
Published: October 2023

Phosphate is an essential anion in the human body, comprising approximately 1% of the total body weight, and playing a vital role in metabolism, cell membranes, and bone formation. We have recently provided spectroscopic, microscopic, and computational evidence indicating that phosphates can aggregate much more readily in solution than previously thought. This prior work provided indirect evidence through the observation of unusual
P NMR relaxation and line‐broadening effects with increasing temperature. Here, we show that, under conditions of slow exchange and selective RF saturation, additional features become visible in chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) experiments, which appear to be related to the previously reported phosphate clustering. In particular, CEST shows pronounced dips several ppm upfield of the main phosphate resonance at low temperatures, while direct
P spectroscopy does not produce any signals in that range. We study the pH dependence of these new spectroscopic features and present exchange and spectroscopic parameters based on fitting the CEST data. These findings could be of importance in the investigation of phosphate dynamics, especially in the biological milieu.
Complications Associated with Microdebriders in Otolaryngology Procedures from 2011 to 2021: A MAUDE Study
Authors: Magge Hari , Lee Esther , Shaver Timothy B. , Thakkar Punam G. , Singh Ameet
Published: October 2023

Objective

The microdebrider is a powered surgical instrument that is widely used in the field of otolaryngology. We aim to identify the type and frequency of device malfunctions, patient complications, and subsequent interventions related to the use of microdebriders.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional analysis.

Setting

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 2011 to 2021 Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database.

Methods

The MAUDE database was queried for reports of “microdebrider,” with adverse events selected that pertained to usage in head and neck surgeries from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2021.

Results

There were 282 adverse events in 267 individual medical device reports (MDR). Although the majority of the reports did not specify the specific operation, endoscopic sinus surgery was the most common reported procedure (89, 33.3%). The most common cause of device malfunction was due to a broken piece (120, 48.2%) followed by overheating of the microdebrider motor (78, 31.3%). Of the reports which specified patient injury, the most commonly reported was “unintentional tissue damage,” (10, 32.3%).

Conclusion

The microdebrider has demonstrated utility within the field of otolaryngology, but is not without risk of malfunction that can cause patient injury. By understanding possible risks of microdebrider usage, including tissue damage, burns, and bleeds caused by device malfunction or operator error, physicians can be better prepared to address complications and educate patients.
Formate dehydrogenase mimic nanoenzyme embedded cryogel for CO2 conversion
Authors: Biçen Ünlüer Özlem , Sümbelli Yiğitcan , Hür Deniz , Say Rıdvan , Ersöz Arzu
Published: October 2023

CO2 conversion to formic acid in a single‐step reaction was investigated by incorporating MoSe2 nanoparticles into a cryogel‐based reactor system, resulting in a formate dehydrogenase (FDH) enzyme‐mimicking system. MoSe2 nanoparticles were synthesized via the microwave synthesis method, and they took part as the cofactor of the enzymatic system. Following, in combination with MACys‐Ru(bipyr)2‐MACys, MoSe2 nanoparticles were used as the cofactor of the conversion reaction in the MACys‐Ru(bipyr)2‐MACys‐co‐p(HEMA) cryogel column‐based reactor system. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy. The conversion reaction was monitored using high‐pressure liquid chromatography, and the parameters affecting the conversion yield (e.g., pH change and reusability of the reactor) were investigated. The results showed that the obtained mimic FDH‐based CO2 conversion column system worked like a reactor in the conversion of CO2 into formic acid. Besides, the developed cryogenic reactor provided a reusable single‐step conversion reaction with a high yield at room temperature in mild conditions.
Interaction between huntingtin exon 1 and HEAT repeat structure probed by chimeric model proteins
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wu Si , Itzhaki Laura S. , Perrett Sarah
Published: October 2023

Huntington disease (HD) is associated with aggregation of huntingtin (HTT) protein containing over 35 continuous Q residues within the N‐terminal exon 1 encoded region. The C‐terminal of the HTT protein consists mainly of HEAT repeat structure which serves as a scaffold for multiple cellular activities. Structural and biochemical analysis of the intact HTT protein has been hampered by its huge size (~300 kDa) and most in vitro studies to date have focused on the properties of the exon 1 region. To explore the interaction between HTT exon 1 and the HEAT repeat structure, we constructed chimeric proteins containing the N‐terminal HTT exon 1 region and the HEAT repeat protein PR65/A. The results indicate that HTT exon 1 slightly destabilizes the downstream HEAT repeat structure and endows the HEAT repeat structure with more conformational flexibility. Wild‐type and pathological lengths of polyQ did not show differences in the interaction between HTT exon 1 and the HEAT repeats. With the C‐terminal fusion of PR65/A, HTT exon 1 containing pathological lengths of polyQ could still form amyloid fibrils, but the higher‐order architecture of fibrils and kinetics of fibril formation were affected by the C‐terminal fusion of HEAT repeats. This indicates that interaction between HTT exon 1 and HEAT repeat structure is compatible with both normal function of HTT protein and the pathogenesis of HD, and this study provides a potential model for further exploration.
Temperature‐dependent reproduction of Spodoptera eridania: developing an oviposition model for a novel invasive species
Authors: Sampaio Fábio , Batista Marcelo Maciel , Marchioro Cesar Augusto
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Temperature plays a critical role in the development and reproductive process of insects, therefore understanding how insects respond to temperature is vital for comprehending and predicting their population dynamics, particularly when it comes to agricultural pests. Spodoptera eridania Stoll is a polyphagous pest that has recently expanded its distribution beyond its native range. In this study, we assessed the impact of temperature on the reproduction of S. eridania and used the obtained data to develop an oviposition model that could be used to predict egg‐laying behavior under field conditions. The reproductive parameters were evaluated at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 28, and 32 °C.

RESULTS

Temperature had a significant impact on the reproductive parameters examined. Overall, as temperature increased, the pre‐oviposition period, oviposition period, and longevity decreased. Total fecundity exhibited a bell‐shaped response to temperature, with peak egg‐laying observed at 20 and 25 °C. In line with the experimental data, our model predicted higher rates of oviposition between 20 and 26 °C, thus reinforcing that this temperature range may represent the optimal conditions for the reproduction of S. eridania.

CONCLUSION

The findings from our study provide a significant contribution to the understanding of the ecology of an important agricultural pest. The information generated can have practical applications in developing control strategies by enabling the aligning of the timing of control measures with peaks of reproductive activity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
White‐Color Generation Using Blue Top‐Emission Organic Light‐Emitting Diode and Nanocrystalline Materials
Authors: Moon Jaehyun , Lee Ju-Hun , Park Jusun , Joo Chul Woong , Ahn Dae-Hyun , Kim Joo Yeon , Woo Ju Young , Kang Seung-Youl
Published: October 2023

White light is of great technical interest in many photonic applications. In this work, colloidal solutions containing mutually immiscible green perovskite nanocrystals and red InP quantum dots are developed as color‐conversion (CC) materials for generating white light. By combining the green/red CC materials and a blue top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode as an excitation source, it is possible to generate white light with a range of color temperatures (CTs). The technical approach can be extended to a wide variety of photonic applications where controllable CT is desirable.
Pulmonary hypertension in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: A clinical review
Authors: Mathavan Akash , Mathavan Akshay , Reddy Renuka , Jones Kirk , Eagan Christina , Alnuaimat Hassan , Ataya Ali
Published: October 2023

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder characterized by recurrent spontaneous epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasias, and solid organ arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an increasingly recognized complication in patients with HHT, most often precipitated by high‐output heart failure in the presence of hepatic AVMs as well as pulmonary arterial hypertension in the form of a proliferative vasculopathy. The presence of PH in patients with HHT is associated with significant elevations in rates of morbidity and mortality. Additionally, there is growing recognition of a thromboembolic propensity in this population that increases the risk of chronic thromboembolic PH, posing unique clinical considerations regarding the use of anticoagulation. Patients with HHT are also at risk of PH due to disorders commonly seen in the general population, including left‐sided heart and lung disease. The etiology of PH in HHT is multifaceted and complex; the diagnostic approach and treatment strategies must consider the underlying pathophysiology of HHT. This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge of PH in HHT, detailing the pathogenesis of known etiologies, diagnostic evaluation, and suggested treatment modalities as well as emerging therapies that may be of future interest.
Design of proportional integral observer‐based resilient control for periodic piecewise time‐varying systems: The finite‐time case
Authors: Satheesh T. , Sakthivel R. , Aravinth N. , Chadli M.
Published: October 2023

The prime intent of this study is to scrutinize the state estimation and finite‐time (FT) stabilization problems for a class of periodic piecewise time‐varying systems (PPTVSs) in the presence of external disturbances, immeasurable states and gain fluctuations by dint of resilient control. Moreover, the proportional integral observer system is built in line with the output of the PPTVSs to reconstruct the states of the PPTVSs, since the state dynamics of the system are often not measurable. Meanwhile, the output signals are quantized with the use of a logarithmic quantizer prior to being fed into the constructed observer systems. Further, the fluctuations in the controller and observer gain matrices are considered to occur in a random manner and they pursue the pattern of a Bernoulli distributed white sequence. Subsequently, by means of Lyapunov stability theory and the matrix polynomial lemma, the adequate requirements for ascertaining the FT boundedness and IO‐FT stabilization of the addressed system are procured in the context of linear matrix inequalities. Thereupon, on the premise of the established criteria, the gain matrices of the controller and observer are obtained. Ultimately, the simulation results have been showcased including the mass spring damper system to exemplify the efficacy and usefulness of the theoretical conclusions drawn.
ACE Fellowship can equip you to advance in higher ed leadership
Authors: Fatzinger Jim , Ayers‐Palmore Kenya
Published: October 2023

When considering the opportunities for service in higher education's most visible leadership roles, such as the presidency, multiple pathways internal to higher education exist, including academic affairs, advancement, business administration, student affairs, government relations, and less often, leadership roles originating outside academia.
Student affairs career path leads to college presidency
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: October 2023

Berenecea Johnson Eanes, Ph.D., President of York College (City University of New York), embraces creating and sustaining supportive networks, noting that succeeding in academic leadership requires like‐ minded people who share your goals. There's a distinct support system among the presidents of CUNY institutions, said Eanes, who's also a member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority. She attended a summit with a group of AKA college presidents. Eanes keeps the flyer with everyone's email addresses and phone numbers close at hand. “As women presidents, we tend to check on and look out for each other,” Eanes says.
Influence of extraction method on inherent properties and techno‐functional behavior of quinoa protein ingredients
Authors: Giteru Stephen G. , Loveday Simon M. , Gathercole Jessica , Cakebread Julie
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the structural modification and functional properties of quinoa protein ingredients using dry and wet fractionation techniques. Alkali extraction at pH 9.0 produced a quinoa protein isolate (QPI) with 76.2% wt/wt protein (dry basis) and a concentrate (QPC) with 55.9% protein. However, the protein separation efficiencies (PSE) were 32.1% and 58.5%, respectively. In contrast, dry fractionation produced a quinoa protein rich fraction (QPRF) containing 24.7% wt/wt protein, but higher PSE at 69.9%. Despite varying final protein concentrations, SDS‐PAGE showed similar relative abundance of 11S, 7S, and 2S proteins among the ingredients and quinoa whole meal. Mass spectrometry revealed different levels of oxidative modifications to proteins, with QPI showing more pronounced oxidation. In starch pasting experiments, QPRF exhibited significantly higher viscosity than QPI and QPC, attributed to low starch content and the formation of protein–starch and protein–lipid complexes in QPI and QPC. Solubility over pH 2.0–9.0 followed a U‐shaped trend for all ingredients, with QPC showing lower solubility at pH >7.0. Furthermore, foaming capacity and stability of foams converged at high ingredients concentration (3% wt/vol), while increasing protein refinement gave high foam stability at lower concentration (0.5–1% wt/vol). Similarly, emulsion activity index was favored at high purity (QPI), while emulsion stability was promoted at low protein purity (QPRF). This study demonstrated that dry fractionation enabled the retention of techno‐functional properties of the protein while enhancing quinoa bioresource recovery.
Control Synthesis of Metallic Gold Decorated ZnO Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue and Eriochrome Black T Dyes
Authors: Soli Jihen , Jraba Abderraouf , Elaloui Elimame
Published: October 2023

Pure ZnO and metallic gold (Au) decorated ZnO (Au‐ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared by a modified sol‐gel method employing (CTAB, C19H42BrN) as a cationic surfactant. XRD analysis shows the wurtzite hexagonal structure of pure ZnO and confirms the modification in the structure with the decoration of Au metal in ZnO. TEM characterization illustrates the dispersion of metallic gold on the hexagonal surface of ZnO which confirms the result obtained by XRD. The ZnO and Au‐ZnO nanoparticles had negative charge surface values (−16.7 eV) and (−36.6 eV) which enhance an excellent degradation for cationic dyes. Optical studies show that gap energy decreases from 3.19 eV to 3.11 eV upon the decoration of Au on ZnO surface. The decrease in photoluminescence intensity reflects the positive effects of the role of metallic Au on the photodegradation capacity of Au‐ZnO. Photocatalytic results show that Au‐ZnO exhibits a higher efficiencies degradation of 93 % (k=0.016 min−1) in the case of Rhodamine B and 73 % (k=0.001 min−1) of Methylene blue compared to pure ZnO. In the case of Eriochrome Black T, Au‐ZnO presents low degradation efficiency.
Theoretical Insights into the Effect of Conjugated Cores on Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of Small Molecule Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yin Guo , Cai Shuang , Wang Yangling , Zhao Zhiwen
Published: October 2023

The research of organic photovoltaic materials based on small molecules is receiving high attention from researchers of organic solar cells (OSCs) to continuously improve their power conversion efficiency (PCE). To enhance the PCE, we have designed four small molecule acceptors P3–P6 based on reported IDT(TCV)2 (P1) and IDTT(TCV)2 (P2), with different central aromatic fused rings, and tricyanoethylene (TCV) as the terminal acceptor unit. The ground‐state properties, excited‐state properties and photovoltaic properties of donor/acceptor blends are calculated by density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory. Also, the relationship between their photoelectric and structural properties has been discussed. The calculation results show that P5 and P6 can simultaneously increase open‐circuit voltages (Voc), fill‐factors (FF), and short circuit current (Jsc) due to their high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, small energy gap and high charge collection efficiency. In terms of charge‐transfer mechanism, PTB7‐Th/P1–P6 can generate CT states through direct excitation and hot exciton, meanwhile there exist more opportunities of producing CT states via intermolecular electric field mechanism. Our results will provide theoretical guidance for further designing and synthesizing of acceptors to improve the performance of OSCs.
Synthesis of Hydroxylated Stilbenes in a Batch and Flow Reactor: An Overview
Authors: Ljubić Anabela , Šalić Anita , Škorić Irena
Published: October 2023

With the increasing awareness of cardiovascular diseases and cancer prevention, the interest in resveratrol and its derivatives, i. e. hydroxylated stilbene compounds, as great antioxidants is growing day by day. The discovery of several other stilbene applications, especially in the treatment of numerous diseases, has further increased interest. Antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti‐neurodegenerative are just a few of the properties attributed to hydroxylated stilbene compounds. It is therefore not surprising that hydroxylated stilbenes are of great importance and frequently researched nowadays. In parallel, research in the field of flow chemistry has been increasing rapidly for years, as it offers many advantages in many different fields, including the synthesis of hydroxylated stilbenes. In this review article, a concise overview of stilbene compounds is given, as well as their properties and biological activity depending on the structure. In addition, various and common synthesis and production methods are described, with emphasis on application of flow chemistry in these processes.
Understanding role of roots in plant response to drought: Way forward to climate‐resilient crops
Authors: Kalra Anmol , Goel Shailendra , Elias Ani A.
Published: October 2023

Drought stress leads to a significant amount of agricultural crop loss. Thus, with changing climatic conditions, it is important to develop resilience measures in agricultural systems against drought stress. Roots play a crucial role in regulating plant development under drought stress. In this review, we have summarized the studies on the role of roots and root‐mediated plant responses. We have also discussed the importance of root system architecture (RSA) and the various structural and anatomical changes that it undergoes to increase survival and productivity under drought. Various genes, transcription factors, and quantitative trait loci involved in regulating root growth and development are also discussed. A summarization of various instruments and software that can be used for high‐throughput phenotyping in the field is also provided in this review. More comprehensive studies are required to help build a detailed understanding of RSA and associated traits for breeding drought‐resilient cultivars.
Annual fluctuation of gas concentration within the landfill surface layer in a tropical climate: A case study of a municipal wasteyard
Authors: Herath Priyantha Lakmini , Buddhima Sandani , Gunathilake Bhanuka Mahesha , Jayawardana Daham Tharanga , Bandara Nilanthi
Published: October 2023

This study looks at the annual variations in landfill gas concentrations within the surface layer of the dump as well as the effect of climatic factors on these variations under the tropical climate. The experiment was carried out at part of the Karadiyana landfill, Sri Lanka, containing old mixed municipal solid waste covered by vegetation. The gas concentrations of the landfill surface layer were measured from three gas wells established on the dump surface layer, which contains 2.5 m depth, throughout the year with the measuring of climatic factors. The results show the annual fluctuation of temperature, cumulative rainfall, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were 27–42°C, 66.7–357.7 mm, 24.7%–78.2%, and 999.5–1014 mbar around the studied landfill area, and the average concentration value of the CH4, NH3, H2S, and VOCs gases were 18.94 ± 11.49%, 15.48 ± 15.17 mg m−3, 15.06 ± 19.02 mg m−3, and 0.83 ± 0.99 mg m−3, respectively. The rainfall and atmospheric temperature were significant metrological factors influencing the surface layer gas concentrations and showed a significant positive correlation with cumulative rainfall and a negative correlation with atmospheric temperature. The relative humidity shows a moderate positive correlation, and there was no evidence of a considerable impact of atmospheric pressure on the surface layer concentrations. Annual fluctuation is a critical factor for landfill gas emission quantification, and surface layer concentration variation can be used to study the emission fluctuation by considering their relationship.
A survey of emergency blunt urethral injury management in China: Reality versus guidelines
Authors: Gu Yubo , Hou Changhao , Lin Jiahao , Yuan Wei , Wang Zeyu , Xiu Xianjie , Fu Qiang , Song Lujie
Published: October 2023

Background

Although urethral trauma may lead to serious consequences if mismanaged, treatment concepts are inconsistent. We designed a survey to investigate the current diagnosis and management of emergency blunt urethral trauma to aid future dissemination of relevant concepts.

Methods

A 15‐item anonymous questionnaire was distributed via an online platform. It addressed items such as the cognition of how to diagnose of urethral trauma, optimal emergency management of a urethral trauma patient, and attitude towards early realignment for pelvic fracture urethral injuries.

Results

Of 538 respondents, 94.2% and 84.9% had received patients with straddle trauma urethral injuries or pelvic fracture urethral injuries, respectively, within the past year. In the emergency room, attempted urethral catheterization was the most selected examination method by respondents for diagnosis of both straddle injury (500/538) and pelvic fracture urethral injury (469/538). For patients with straddle injury, 41.3% of respondents performed endoscopic realignment and 31.6% preferred suprapubic cystostomy. For hemodynamically stable patients with PFUI, 42.2% of respondents preferred suprapubic cystostomy and 34.9% preferred endoscopic realignment. Most respondents felt favorably toward early realignment for pelvic fracture urethral injuries. After realignment, 61.3%, 24.5%, and 13.8% of respondents performed catheterization for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. Further, 54.6% of respondents believed catheter traction should be applied after realignment.

Conclusion

Although the number of yearly emergency urethral trauma cases was small, the opinions and practices of most urologists were consistent with guidelines. However, the significance of retrograde urethrography was not fully understood, and some respondents had incorrect views on catheter traction after realignment.