bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Settlement Encroachment in Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria
Authors: Kehinde Moruff Adelakun , Kilishi Halidu Shafiu , Olalekan Ibrahim Azeez , Boye Oyediran Olorunfemi
Published: March 2022

Land encroachment is severely degrading and destroying many of Nigerian protected area as a result of high population pressure caused by high population growth and immigrations trends. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing human settlement encroachment in Kainji Lake National Park in order to established the extent to which this threat have been upheld and therefore call for park management to seek for proper approaches to deal with it. Data for this study were collected through the administration of questionnaire to the villages adjacent to Borgu sector of Kainji Lake National Park. Seven (7) randomly selected villages, namely Luma, Kuble, Audu Fari, Kali, Malale, Leshegbe and Gada Oli were surveyed. The result indicates gender of respondents where 65.09% of the responses were received from males while 34.91% from females suggesting that responses are the views from both gender parties who are mostly (33.96%) within the age range of 31–40 years and are predominantly farmer (43.42%). 88% of the respondents’ indicated that increased need of land for developments are the major causes of encroachment around the park while other human activities such as farming, deforestation and grazing of domesticated animals, by encroaching to protected areas have led into competition over natural resources. It is also established by 92% of the respondents agree that migration of people for livelihood support has led to increased competition between people and wildlife hence, this increase in population has consequently led to encroachment into the park as attested by a whopping 100% of the respondents. Kainji Lake National Park management need to do more in sensitizing the local communities on importance of wildlife conservation as most (54%) locals disagreed to awareness of conservation education and engages in intense vigilance against encroachment into the park land.
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) and Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) in Primary Healthcare Facilities in Jordan in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Khader Yousef , Alyahya Mohamad , Saadeh Rami
Published: March 2022

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) and Infection prevention and control (IPC) are essential for preventing and containing outbreaks of disease. Nowadays, infection prevention is getting more attention due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The assessment of WASH/IPC indicators in the health sector is a major step in the preparation and management of such a pandemic. A facility-wide WASH and IPC assessment is the cornerstone for designing, developing, and implementing specific WASH and IPC activities at healthcare facilities. This type of assessment helps to identify and prioritize surveillance and prevention activities at the facility and provide healthcare policy makers at all levels with the evidence to strengthen WASH services and infection control policies, practices, and resources in health facilities. Moreover, this helps to motivate facilities to intensify efforts where needed to prevent, respond to, and control the spread of COVID-19. An assessment was conducted in primary healthcare facilities in Jordan to identify the strengths and gaps in the WASH and IPC practices, activities, and resources and to identify areas for quality improvement. This report demonstrates the results of a nationwide assessment of 33 healthcare centres. The assessment included eight domains (areas) pertaining to WASH/IPC with more than 150 indicators. The assessment tools were developed and adapted from the Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool (WASH FIT), the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Assessment Framework (IPCAF), Guide to Infection Prevention for Outpatient Settings: Minimum Expectations for Safe Care, the Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS) tool, and COVID-19 Technical Guidance by WHO. The assessment revealed some deficiencies in basic WASH/IPC indicators such as lack of clear guidelines that support the management of health centres in planning and leadership, shortfalls in the budget needed to strengthen the infrastructure of WASH/IPC, inconsistent or under-provisioned training and education programmes for the development of staff skills to lead, plan, manage, and improve WASH/IPC at their facilities. Moreover, the report identified the unmet WASH/IPC needs at centres that should be addressed by policy makers and stakeholders as soon as possible for further steps of consideration in policy development. The report ends with specific recommendations to improve WASH/IPC services and practices.
Cardiovascular Changes during Robot-Assisted Pelvic Surgery
Authors: I. Lutfarakhmanov Ildar , I. Mironov Peter , R. Galeev Ildar , N. Pavlov Valentin
Published: March 2022

The application of robotic assistance in pelvic surgery has become popular across multiple specialties during the past decades, facilitating minimally invasive surgery. The most remarkable challenges regarding these procedures are the carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg position. The combination of two factors affects the patient additionally or synergistically and have important physiological effects on cardiovascular system. All those changes are usually well tolerated in patients with normal cardiac function, but it can be different in elderly patients or even in patients with underlying heart conditions. In order to provide the proper management of patients undergone the robotic surgery, we aim to thoroughly understand these effects and overview the risks and possible related cardiovascular complications. Further, a short introduction on dangerous areas of robot-assisted pelvic surgery will be briefly reviewed.
Cuatro más dos son seis: Máster Habilitante de la ETSAB_MArqEtsab_[M]
Authors: Obiol Cordon Cecilia , Berra-Sandín Mikel , Shiebeck Alonso Eduardo Robert , Valenzuela Rivero Javier
Published: March 2022

El estudiante de arquitectura en España ha pasado de culminar sus estudios en el final de una carrera a introducirse a lo largo de un máster de un año en el desarrollo de unas habilidades, críticas y prácticas, que le habilitan para el ejercicio de la profesión. El inminente arquitecto recibe una formación generalista y a la vez embrionariamente especializada sustentada en un curso de síntesis y de formación integral que reclama mayor tiempo de decantación y también de intensificación. Para reforzar este espíritu, nos parece pertinente volver a mirar este espacio académico presentando estas tres propuestas de estudiantes de toda España del programa de mañanas del MArqETSAB correspondientes a sus tres líneas de Proyecto y Teoría, Proyecto y Tecnología y Urbanismo del curso 2019-2020. Tres apuntes que desde la centralidad del taller de proyectos comparten temas de reflexión desarrollados a través de trabajos de investigación, para construir un curso cuya variedad es una oportunidad, y cuyo contenido es integrado y abierto, como así sucede en la realidad del proyecto y de la profesión que no distinguen entre estos campos de conocimiento.

Architecture students in Spain have gone from completing their studies at the end of a career to entering a one-year master’s degree in developing critical and practical skills that enable them to practice the profession. The imminent architect receives a generalist and at the same time embryonic specialized training supported by a synthesis and comprehensive training course that requires longer settling time and also intensification. To reinforce this spirit, it seems relevant to us to look again at this academic space by presenting these three proposals from students from all over Spain of the MArqETSAB morning program corresponding to its three lines of Project and Theory, Project and Technology and Urban Planning for the 2019-2020 academic year. Three notes that from the centrality of the project workshop share themes of reflection developed through research work, to build a course whose variety is an opportunity, and whose content is integrated and open, as it happens in the reality of the project and of the profession that do not distinguish between these fields of knowledge.
Conversación con Diane Gray y Martha Thorne: [Miradas cruzadas]
Authors: Peñín Llobell Alberto
Published: March 2022

Martha Thorne y Diane Gray atienden nuestra propuesta de conversación detrás de una cámara de un ordenador, sujetos todos a las restricciones de la actual situación sanitaria que, por contra, tal vez haya permitido celebrarla desde un escenario más abierto. Desde Barcelona, Madrid y Valencia se desarrolla este diálogo un miércoles de diciembre de 2020.
Evolución de la Biomecánica Deportiva a partir de las tesis doctorales realizadas en España entre los años 1980 y 2019
Authors: Campos Granell José , Gutiérrez Dávila Marcos , Campos Coll J.M.
Published: March 2022

El objeto de este estudio es realizar una revisión de las tesis doctorales que se han leído en España en el campo de la Biomecánica Deportiva durante el periodo comprendido entre 1980 y 2019 para conocer la producción científica, los datos de autoría y dirección, y los referentes institucionales que les han dado cobertura académica. La muestra ha quedado compuesta de 233 tesis después de un proceso de selección con el uso de criterios de inclusión/exclusión y términos de búsqueda específicos. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que la producción de tesis en Biomecánica deportiva ha sido exponencial a lo largo de los periodos analizados. El 90,6% de las tesis se han leído en universidades públicas y el 9,4% en privadas. Tanto en la autoría, como en la dirección de las tesis, existe una presencia mayoritaria de hombres. A pesar de la progresiva y creciente presencia de la mujer como autoras de las tesis, el 69,5% están realizadas por hombres y en el caso de la dirección de las tesis, la presencia de la mujer es incluso, más reducida, con un 81,5% de las tesis dirigidas solo por hombres
Urinary Biomarkers Can Predict Weaning From Acute Dialysis Therapy in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Pan Heng-Chih , Huang Thomas Tao-Min , Huang Chun-Te , Sun Chiao-Yin , Chen Yung-Ming , Wu Vin-Cent
Published: March 2022

Context.—

Critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) have a poor prognosis. Several urinary AKI biomarkers have been proposed to predict renal recovery, but with limited discriminatory ability.

Objective.—

To validate the predictive performances of novel biomarkers to identify which critical patients with AKI may successfully wean from RRT.

Design.—

We prospectively recorded and analyzed clinical variables at several time points: (1) before starting RRT, (2) at the time of weaning off RRT, and (3) 24 hours after stopping RRT. A total of 140 critically ill patients who received RRT at a multicenter referral hospital from August 2016 to January 2019 were enrolled. The outcomes of interest were the ability to wean from RRT and 90-day mortality.

Results.—

The 90-day mortality rate was 13.6% (19 of 140), and 47.9% (67 of 140) of the patients were successfully weaned from RRT. Cluster analysis showed that the following biomarkers were correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate at the time of weaning off RRT: urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule 1, hemojuvelin, C-C motif chemokine ligand 14, interleukin 18, and liver-type fatty acid–binding protein (L-FABP). Among these, urinary L-FABP/creatinine (uL-FABP/Cr) at the time of weaning off RRT showed the best predictive performance for mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.79). Taking mortality as a competing risk, Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that a low uL-FABP/Cr (log) level was an independent prognostic factor for weaning from RRT (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.35; P = .01).

Conclusions.—

uL-FABP/Cr at the time of weaning off RRT could predict weaning from RRT and 90-day mortality.
Advances in the Management of Sickle Cell Disease: New Concepts and Future Horizons
Authors: Higgins Tara , Menditto Melissa A. , Katartzis Stephanie , Matson Kelly L.
Published: March 2022

Sickle cell disease is a chronic and life-limiting disorder. Approximately 100,000 Americans are affected with sickle cell disease with most being African Americans. Newborn screening for sickle cell is available in the United States, leading to early detection and management of the disease beginning in infancy. According to the 2014 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute sickle cell disease guidelines, supportive care has been primary management of sickle cell disease, with hydroxyurea being the only FDA-approved, disease-modifying pharmacotherapy available and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant the only cure. Since 2017, three new disease-modifying therapies have been approved by the FDA: L-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxelotor. This review will discuss pertinent trials, dosing, interactions, side effects, access, cost, and their role in sickle cell management.
Polymers and the Water Crisis in Brazil: Opportunities for Technological and Environmental Development
Authors: Corrêa Harrison Lourenço
Published: March 2022

At a global level, climate changes have been responsible for alterations in rainfall regimes. Numerous impacts resulting from such complex dynamics negatively affect peoples and nations. Desertification, sandification, floods, and droughts are some evident examples of the transformation the world is undergoing. In Brazil, the past few years have been characterized by long periods of drought in some regions. As a result, there have been considerable drops in the levels of reservoirs that supply important urban and economic axes in the country. Implications on the national economy and entire production chains aggravate the current scenario, along with two long years of the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic period. From this perspective, the present work aims to address the pressing need to adopt technologies and techniques for collecting and treating rainwater. To this end, specialized databases were accessed in order to evaluate ongoing research on the use of polymeric materials to achieve that goal.
Stage-specific control of oligodendrocyte survival and morphogenesis by TDP-43
Authors: Heo Dongeun , Ling Jonathan P , Molina-Castro Gian C , Langseth Abraham J , Waisman Ari , Nave Klaus-Armin , Möbius Wiebke , Wong Phil C , Bergles Dwight E
Published: March 2022

Generation of oligodendrocytes in the adult brain enables both adaptive changes in neural circuits and regeneration of myelin sheaths destroyed by injury, disease, and normal aging. This transformation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes requires processing of distinct mRNAs at different stages of cell maturation. Although mislocalization and aggregation of the RNA-binding protein, TDP-43, occur in both neurons and glia in neurodegenerative diseases, the consequences of TDP-43 loss within different stages of the oligodendrocyte lineage are not well understood. By performing stage-specific genetic inactivation of Tardbp in vivo, we show that oligodendrocyte lineage cells are differentially sensitive to loss of TDP-43. While OPCs depend on TDP-43 for survival, with conditional deletion resulting in cascading cell loss followed by rapid regeneration to restore their density, oligodendrocytes become less sensitive to TDP-43 depletion as they mature. Deletion of TDP-43 early in the maturation process led to eventual oligodendrocyte degeneration, seizures, and premature lethality, while oligodendrocytes that experienced late deletion survived and mice exhibited a normal lifespan. At both stages, TDP-43-deficient oligodendrocytes formed fewer and thinner myelin sheaths and extended new processes that inappropriately wrapped neuronal somata and blood vessels. Transcriptional analysis revealed that in the absence of TDP-43, key proteins involved in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination were misspliced, leading to aberrant incorporation of cryptic exons. Inducible deletion of TDP-43 from oligodendrocytes in the adult central nervous system (CNS) induced the same progressive morphological changes and mice acquired profound hindlimb weakness, suggesting that loss of TDP-43 function in oligodendrocytes may contribute to neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease.
An issue of concern: unique truncated ORF8 protein variants of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hassan Sk. Sarif , Kodakandla Vaishnavi , Redwan Elrashdy M. , Lundstrom Kenneth , Pal Choudhury Pabitra , Abd El-Aziz Tarek Mohamed , Takayama Kazuo , Kandimalla Ramesh , Lal Amos , Serrano-Aroca Ángel , Azad Gajendra Kumar , Aljabali Alaa A.A. , Palù Giorgio , Chauhan Gaurav , Adadi Parise , Tambuwala Murtaza , Brufsky Adam M. , Baetas-da-Cruz Wagner , Barh Debmalya , Azevedo Vasco , Bazan Nikolas G. , Andrade Bruno Silva , Santana Silva Raner José , Uversky Vladimir N.
Published: March 2022

Open reading frame 8 (ORF8) shows one of the highest levels of variability among accessory proteins in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It was previously reported that the ORF8 protein inhibits the presentation of viral antigens by the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), which interacts with host factors involved in pulmonary inflammation. The ORF8 protein assists SARS-CoV-2 in evading immunity and plays a role in SARS-CoV-2 replication. Among many contributing mutations, Q27STOP, a mutation in the ORF8 protein, defines the B.1.1.7 lineage of SARS-CoV-2, engendering the second wave of COVID-19. In the present study, 47 unique truncated ORF8 proteins (T-ORF8) with the Q27STOP mutations were identified among 49,055 available B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 sequences. The results show that only one of the 47 T-ORF8 variants spread to over 57 geo-locations in North America, and other continents, which include Africa, Asia, Europe and South America. Based on various quantitative features, such as amino acid homology, polar/non-polar sequence homology, Shannon entropy conservation, and other physicochemical properties of all specific 47 T-ORF8 protein variants, nine possible T-ORF8 unique variants were defined. The question as to whether T-ORF8 variants function similarly to the wild type ORF8 is yet to be investigated. A positive response to the question could exacerbate future COVID-19 waves, necessitating severe containment measures.
Correlation of Modified Computed Tomography Severity Index with Ranson’s Criteria in Assessing Severity of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Mangalanandan S , Thomas Divya Ann , Benjamin Geena
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is an illness which results in increase in morbidity and mortality when there is a delay in diagnosis and there are false results. Various scales help in making early and accurate diagnosis of AP and predict prognosis. Validity of these scales needs to be studied and compared. Balthazar score and Ranson’s criteria have been commonly used. Modified CT score’s usefulness need to be studied as it involves only CT and their early detection will help in reducing the morbidity (reducing the residual damage) and mortality. Aim: To determine validity of modified Computed Tomography Severity Index (CTSI) and Ranson’s score in assessing severity of AP and study their correlation. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study among 39 patients with AP. Ranson’s score and Modified CT index was calculated and actual outcome of the disease was observed. results: Ranson’s Score and Modified CTSI were strongly correlated with rho value of 0.912 and p-value of <0.001. Sensitivity and specificity of Ranson’s criteria in predicting the actual outcome of the disease is 80% and 83.3%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of Modified CT criteria in predicting the actual outcome of the disease is 93.33% and 54.17%, respectively. conclusion: From the results of this study, it is evident that Modified CT index is more sensitive than Ranson’s score, but less specific.
The Differential Equations of Gravity-free Double Pendulum: Lauricella Hypergeometric Solutions and Their Inversion
Authors: Bocci Alessio , Scarpello Giovanni Mingari
Published: March 2022

This paper solves in closed form the system of ODEs ruling the 2D motion of a gravity free double pendulum (GFDP), not subjected to any force. In such a way its movement is governed by the initial conditions only. The relevant strongly non linear ODEs have been put back to hyperelliptic quadratures which, through the Integral Representation Theorem (IRT), are driven to the Lauricella hypergeometric functions.

We compute time laws and trajectories of both point masses forming the GFDP in explicit closed form. Suitable sample problems are carried out in order to prove the method effectiveness.
COVID-19 Impact on Food Safety Perception among Saudi Women
Authors: Alammar Welayah , Goja Arafat , Purayidathil Tunny , Khattab Rabie
Published: March 2022

Aims: The spread of COVID-19 pandemic has increased the global public concern about food safety and hygiene. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 on food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices among Saudi women.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study using self-administered online questionnaire.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between April 2021 and June 2021.

Methodology: Participants (426 Saudi adult females aged 18-60 years) were randomly recruited from the major cities of the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia, including Dammam, Khobar and Qatif.

Results: Higher knowledge and practice of food safety measures were associated with COVID-19 pandemic, where 90% of participants acquired more food safety knowledge during the pandemic. Only 25% of participants, however, thought that the disease can be transmitted by food. Furthermore, more than 90% and 64% of participants presented high attitude and practices in hand washing and food cleaning, respectively.

Conclusion: Despite the lack of solid evidence that supports the transmission of COVD-19 virus through the food, applying appropriate precautionary safety measures throughout food production and servicing chain can reduce the transmission of the virus.
Diversity of Powdery Mildew Mycoparasite Ampelomyces quisqualis under Natural Ecosystem and Its Molecular Characterization
Authors: Keerthana S. , Sendhilvel V. , Raguchander T. , Varanavasiappan S. , Swarnapriya R.
Published: March 2022

The powdery mildew are the most common diseases which widely affect crops in many countries. The mildew infection appeared on leaves, petiole, buds, inflorescence and other tender tissues of crops causing 65% of the crop loss. Even though the fungicidal spray to control the disease, the residual and environmental effects are causing long term ecological imbalance in cropping system. Recently, an alternative and eco-friendly mycoparasite associated with powdery mildew pathogens was used against Erysiphe sp, Leveilulla sp, Sphaerotheca sp and Oidium sp. This study aimed to mitigated the use of the expensive and harmful fungicides to save human health and to reduce the financial costs of controlling the fungal infections of crops in the field by using a commercial biofungicide naturally associated with different species of powdery midew fungi. Our results exhibited that the isolation of the mycoparasite Ampelomyces quisqualis from the mildew pathogens was closely associated with most of the genera of powdery mildew pathogens. The natural mycoparasitization efficiency of A. quisqualis was observed and higher (81%) efficiency was recorded in Erysiphe cichoracearum followed by 76% in black gram powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe polygoni. A total of 20 mycoparasitic Ampelomyces isolates were enumerated from pycnidia of 6 different powdery mildew species that naturally infected their host plants. The pycnidial morphological variations of A.quisqualis and the largest size of pycnidia was found in the Erysiphe chichoracearum (73.54µm length × 42.15µm width) shows maximum efficiency in natural parasitization. The molecular characterization of A.quisqualis isolates based on using rDNA ITS region was carried out and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Maximum likelihood technique was shown the distinct relatedness with five Ampelomyces isolates made in the present study were clustered. This is the first and detailed study on diversity of Ampelomyces and quantification of natural mycoparasitism of different genera of powdery mildew of A. quisqualis.
ODONTOMA COMPOSTO: RELATO DE CASOS CLÍNICOS
Authors: Júnior Braúlio Carneiro , Da Silveira Bruno Botto de Barros , De Toledo Italo Cordeiro , Dantas Renata Moura Xavier , Neri Rafael Fernandes de Almeida , Pantoja Lidyane Nunes
Published: March 2022

Os odontomas são os mais comuns tumores odontogênicos e classificam-se, de acordo com suas características histomorfológicas em: composto e com- plexo. Possuem etiologia desconhecida e, normalmente, são assintomáticos e diagnosticados através de radiografias de rotina. Devem ser tratados pela excisão local simples e apresentam um excelente prognóstico. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar o tratamento do odontoma composto através do relato de dois casos clínicos.
PROPAGAÇÃO DE INFECÇÃO ODONTOGÊNICA PARA ESPAÇOS CERVICAIS: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Júnior Vildeman Rodrigues de Almeida , Dias Sanyra Lopes , Dantas Renata Moura Xavier , De Macedo Thiago Felippe Oliveira , Silva Diego Tosta , Bonfim Rodrigo Tavares
Published: March 2022

As celulites fasciais são infecções graves, de rápida progressão, que devem ser tratadas com imediatismo, pois podem levar o paciente a desenvolver sérias complicações, ou até mesmo, óbito. Objetivo:o objetivo do presente trabalho foi discutir a propagação das infecções odontogênicas para os espaços cervicais, e sua conduta terapêutica, através de um relato de caso clínico. Descriçãodo caso:Paciente, gênero feminino, 15 anos de idade, compareceu ao Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Geral do Estado, Salvador-BA, cursando com quadro infeccioso há aproximadamente 10 dias. Clinicamente apresentava face toxêmica, trismo, disfagia, odinofagia, au- mento de volume em terço inferior de face, de consistência endurecida e sem limites definidos. Ao exame intraoral observou-se presença de resto radicular da unidade 16, com drenagem de secreção purulenta em sulco gengival. O exame imaginológico evidenciou imagem compatível com processo infeccio- so no espaço bucal e submandibular direitos, submentoniano e parafaríngeo bilateral, sem comprometimento de vias aéreas. O tratamento consistiu em antibioticoterapia intravenosa, monitoramento dos sinais vitais, hidratação, drenagem dos espaços faciais e exodontia da unidade dentária envolvida. A paciente apresentou resposta satisfatória à terapia, com regressão total do processo infeccioso. Conclusão: O protocolo de atendimento deve ser rigoroso e o mais precoce possível, baseado em quatro princípios básicos: drenagem cirúrgica eficiente, antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro, remoção do agente causal, e estabilização do paciente.
ESTUDO DA DESSENSIBILIZAÇÃO PRÉVIA AO CLAREAMENTO DENTAL EM CONSULTÓRIO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Ferreira Daiara Oliveira , De Azevedo Juliana Fellipi , Cavalcanti Andréa Nóbrega
Published: March 2022

A procura pela melhora estética está cada vez maior. Atualmente, o tratamento conservador de eleição para dentes escurecidos é o clareamento dental. Este procedimento pode ser tanto feito no consultório quanto em casa, sob supervi- são do dentista. Apesar das suas diversas vantagens, é importante tomar cuidado no seu manuseio, pois o mesmo pode apresentar efeitos adversos, sendo o principal deles a hipersensibilidade dentária. Diversos autores têm estudado meios prévios de combatê-la. Este presente artigo procura revisar os métodos de dessensibilização capazes de minimizar a sensibilidade pós-operatória após procedimentos de clareamento dental em consultório.
AVALIAÇÃO CLÍNICA DA LARGURA DA BASE NASAL NA EXPANSÃO CIRÚRGICA DE MAXILA CLINICAL EVALUATION OF NASAL BASE WIDTH IN MAXILA SURGICAL EXPANSION
Authors: Toledo Italo Cordeiro de , Gasperini Giovanni , Rocha Sanyra Lopes Dias , Dultra Joaquim de Almeida , Queiroz Christiano Sampaio , Oliveira Uander de Castro
Published: March 2022

O tratamento das deformidades dentofaciais é freqüentemente complicadopela existência de discrepâncias na dimensão transversal damaxila. A disjunção cirúrgica da maxila é uma técnica eficaz no tratamentodessas deformidades, entretanto, tem se observado um alargamentoda base alar após o procedimento cirúrgico. Objetivo: Avaliar aalteração da base nasal em pacientes submetidos à expansão cirúrgicade maxila, com e sem a realização da plicatura nasal. Metodologia:Foi proposto um estudo com 21 indivíduos com média de idade de 16a 36 anos, com deficiência transversal da maxila. Foram selecionadospacientes submetidos a disjunção cirúrgica de maxila operados peloserviço de CTBMF do Hospital Santo Antônio – OSID e divididos emdois grupo: Os pacientes que receberam Plicatura nasal e os pacientesque não receberam. Resultados: Pode-se observar um alargamento dabase nasal de 85,71% , possibilitando que existe alteração na base alarquando é realizado esse tipo de tratamento. Conclusões: Verificamosque ocorre um alargamento da base alar após a disjunção cirúrgica damaxila, porém com a utilização da técnica de plicatura nasal houveuma diminuição desse alargamento. ABSTRACTtreatment of dentofacial deformities is often complicated by theexistence of discrepancies in the transversal dimension of the maxilla.The surgical disjunction of the maxilla is an effective technique in thetreatment of these deformities, however, an enlargement of the alarbase has been observed after the surgical procedure. Aim: to evaluatethe alteration of the nasal base in patients submitted to surgical expansionof the maxilla, with and without nasal plication. Methodology: Astudy was proposed with 21 individuals with a mean age of 16 to 36years, with transversal maxillary deficiency. Patients who underwentsurgical disjunction of the maxilla operated by the CTBMF service ofthe Santo Antônio Hospital - OSID were selected and divided into twogroups: Patients who received nasal plication and patients who did notreceive. Results: A widening of the nasal base of 85.71% can be observed,allowing alterations in the alar base when this type of treatmentis performed. Conclusions: We found a widening of the alar base afterthe surgical disjunction of the maxilla, but with the nasal plication techniquethere was a decrease of the enlargement.
A DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER E O CUIDADO EM SAÚDE BUCAL ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND ORAL HEALTH CARE
Authors: Rabelo Rosangela Goes , Ferraz Mello Sandra Maria , Neto Altino Texeira , Araujo Nara Santos
Published: March 2022

A elevação da expectativa de vida de uma população resulta da interaçãode diversos fatores, como a descoberta dos antibióticos; dos imunobiológicosou vacinas, efetivação de políticas públicas para redução dapobreza e desigualdades como: ações de saneamento básico; habitaçãodigna e maior tempo de permanência na escola. Contudo, o processode envelhecimento acarreta maior incidência e prevalência de doençascrônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), a exemplo das neurodegenerativas,especificamente a doença de Alzheimer (DA). A doença apresenta evoluçãogradual, com deterioração da memória, aprendizado, orientação,estabilidade emocional, capacidade de comunicação, pensamentos abstratos(paranoias e alucinações) tendo como consequência a incapacidadee exclusão social. Inicia-se com redução motora e cognitiva chegandoà perda da autonomia pessoal, inviabilizando a realização das atividadesda vida diária (AVDs) como nutrição e cuidados básicos de higiene oral.É condição essencial que os cirurgiões-dentistas conheçam característicasclinicas da DA para que os cuidados odontológicos sejam planejadosprevendo as etapas evolutivas da doença e a percepção dos pacientes eseus cuidadores. The increase in the life expectancy of a population results from the interactionof several factors, such as the discovery of antibiotics; immunobiológicosor vaccines, effective public policies to reduce poverty andinequalities such as: basic sanitation actions; housing and longer time inschool. However, the aging process leads to a higher incidence and prevalenceof chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The diseasepresents gradual evolution, with deterioration of memory, learning, orientation,emotional stability, communication capacity, abstract thoughts(paranoias and hallucinations), resulting in incapacity and social exclusion.It begins with a motor and cognitive reduction, leading to the lossof personal autonomy, making it impossible to carry out activities of dailyliving (ADLs) such as nutrition and basic oral hygiene care. It is essentialthat dental surgeons know the clinical characteristics of AD so that dentalcare is planned by predicting the evolutionary stages of the disease andthe perception of patients and their caregivers.
Circulating Adipokines and Associations With Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Federico Lydia E. , Johnson Tate M. , England Bryant R. , Wysham Katherine D. , George Michael D. , Sauer Brian , Hamilton Bartlett C. , Hunter Carlos D. , Duryee Michael J. , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Mikuls Ted R. , Baker Joshua F.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To assess whether circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21) are associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Adipokines were measured using banked enrollment serum from patients with RA and dichotomized above/below the median value. Incident CVD events (coronary artery disease [CAD], stroke, heart failure [HF] hospitalization, venous thromboembolism, CVD‐related deaths) were identified using administrative data and the National Death Index. Covariates were derived from medical record, biorepository, and registry databases. Multivariable Cox models were generated to quantify associations between adipokine concentrations and CVD incidence. Five‐year incidence rates were predicted.

Results

Among 2,598 participants, 639 (25%) had at least 1 CVD event over 19,585 patient‐years of follow‐up. High adiponectin levels were independently associated with HF hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.07–1.79], P = 0.01) and CVD‐related death (HR 1.49 [95% CI 1.16–1.92], P = 0.002) but not with other CVD events. High leptin was independently associated with CVD‐related death (HR 1.44 [95% CI 1.05–1.97], P = 0.02). High FGF‐21 levels were independently associated with lower rates of CAD (HR 0.75 [95% CI 0.58–0.97], P = 0.03). In subgroup analyses, associations between high adiponectin and leptin levels with CVD‐related death were driven by strong associations in nonobese patients.

Conclusion

Adipokines are associated with HF hospitalization and CVD‐related death in patients with RA, with stronger associations in nonobese participants. These findings suggest that adipokines effectively predict clinically important outcomes in RA perhaps through an association with body composition and metabolic health. Further study is needed to determine whether adipokine measures might augment existing tools to identify RA patients at increased risk of CVD.
Therapeutic dendritic cell vaccines engineered with antigen‐biomineralized Bi2S3 nanoparticles for personalized tumor radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Yu Huan , Guo Haoxiang , Zu He , Ding Heng , Lin Subin , Wang Yangyun , Zhang Leshuai W , Wang Yong
Published: March 2022

Therapeutic vaccines, an exciting development in cancer immunotherapy, share the goal of priming of personalized antigen‐specific T‐cell response by precise antigen presentation of dendritic cells (DCs), but major obstacles include insufficient antigen loading and off‐target to DCs remain to their success. Here, we developed an imageable therapeutic vaccine with whole‐antigen loading and target delivery constructed by ovalbumin (OVA)‐biomineralized Bi2S3 nanoparticles‐pulsed DCs. Relying on the strong X‐ray absorption and fluorescence labeling performance of Bi2S3@OVA nanoparticles, the in vivo spatiotemporal fate of the vaccine (Bi2S3@OVA@DC) can be noninvasively monitored by computed tomography and near‐infrared fluorescence imaging in real time. The Bi2S3@OVA@DC can rapidly and durably accumulate in draining lymph nodes and thus trigger stronger T‐cell responses compared to OVA‐pulsed DCs. Meanwhile, Bi2S3@OVA@DC can further achieve in vivo antitumor effects against OVA‐expressing B16F10 melanoma when combined with fractionated radiotherapy, resulting from the upregulation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and restraint of regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment, and the systemical secretion of OVA‐specific IgG1/IgG2α antibody. Overall, we successfully fabricated an engineered DC vaccine featured in high whole‐antigen loading capacity that can be precisely delivered to the lymphatic system for visualization, serving as a powerful therapeutic platform for cancer radioimmunotherapy.
Open and endoscopic surgery improve survival for squamous and nonsquamous cell nasopharyngeal carcinomas: An NCDB cohort study
Authors: Finegersh Andrey , Said Mena , Deconde Adam , Hwang Peter H. , Holsinger Floyd Christopher , Orosco Ryan K.
Published: March 2022

Background

Nasopharyngeal tumors (NPTs) are primarily treated with nonsurgical therapy. Recent studies have demonstrated endoscopic salvage surgery for NPT recurrences may improve survival relative to reirradiation. However, there are very limited data on open compared with endoscopic approaches for NPTs. We investigated whether endoscopic and open surgical approaches to the nasopharynx improve overall survival for all histologic subtypes of NPTs.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). All adult patients with NPTs from 2004 to 2016 without distant metastasis who underwent treatment with curative intent were included. We extracted clinical and treatment variables to assess our primary outcome of overall survival.

Results

On univariate analysis, patients undergoing endoscopic surgery, but not open surgery, had significantly improved overall survival relative to those undergoing nonsurgical treatment. Post hoc analysis demonstrated significantly improved overall survival for surgery in patients with minor salivary gland histology, but not squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histology or by T or N classification. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate regression. After adjusting for covariates, both endoscopic and open approaches were associated with improved overall survival relative to nonsurgical treatment for all tumor types. A multivariate regression of SCC found that open surgery, but not endoscopic surgery, was significantly associated with improved overall survival.

Conclusion

Both endoscopic and open surgical approaches are associated with improved overall survival of patients with NPT. These findings highlight important oncologic validity as endoscopic and robotic platforms to the nasopharynx become more widely adopted.
A Rare Flexible Metal–Organic Framework Based on a Tailorable Mn8‐Cluster Showing Smart Responsiveness to Aromatic Guests and Capacity for Gas Separation
Authors: Wang Wei , Xiong Xiao‐Hong , Zhu Neng‐Xiu , Zeng Zheng , Wei Zhang‐Wen , Pan Mei , Fenske Dieter , Jiang Ji‐Jun , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: March 2022

The design and creation of soft porous crystals combining regularity and flexibility may promote potential applications for gas storage and separation due to their deformable framework's responsiveness to external stimuli. The flexibility of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) relies on alterable degrees of freedom that are mainly provided by organic linkers or the junctions linking organic and inorganic building units. Herein, we report a new dynamic MOF whose flexibility originates from an unprecedented tailorable Mn8O38‐cluster and shows simultaneous coordination geometry changes and ligand migration that are reversibly driven by guest exchange. This provides an extra degree of freedom to the framework's deformation, resulting in three‐dimensional variations in the framework that subtly respond to varied aromatic molecules. The gas adsorption behavior of this flexible MOF was evaluated, and the selective separation of light hydrocarbons and Freon gases is achieved.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(5’‐hexyloxy‐1’,4‐biphenyl)‐b‐poly(2’,4’‐bispropoxysulfonate‐1’,4‐biphenyl) with High Ion Exchange Capacity for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Jin Kunyu , Yue Baohua , Yan Liuming , Qiao Risa , Zhao Hongbin , Zhang Jiujun
Published: March 2022

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is pivotal for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the present work, a block copolymer with hydrophilic alkyl sulfonated side groups and hydrophobic flexible alkyl ether side groups, poly(5’‐hexyloxy‐1’,4‐biphenyl)‐b‐poly(2’,4’‐bispropoxysulfonate‐1’,4‐biphenyl) (HBP‐b‐xBPSBP), is designed and synthesized by copolymerization of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic oligomers. The oligomers are synthesized via a Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling of 1,3‐dibromo‐5‐hexyloxybenzene, and 3,3’‐[(4,6‐dibromo‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(oxy)]bis(propane‐1‐sulfonate) or 1,4‐bis(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)benzene. The good solubility and film‐forming characteristics are achieved via the introduction of flexible hexyloxy side groups, and high ion exchange capacity (IEC) is achieved via the introduction of high density of alkyl sulfonated side groups. The HBP‐b‐0.5BPSBP has the highest IEC of 3.17 mmol/g, the highest proton conductivity of 43.5 mS/cm at 95 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) and low methanol permeability of 6.45×10−7 cm2/s. Meanwhile, crosslinked HBP‐b‐xBPSBP exhibits promising water uptake, swelling ratio and low methanol permeability. These characteristics are attributed to the crosslinked structure and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic nanophase separation morphology promoted by the poly(m‐phenylene) main chains, flexible alkyl ether groups, and alkyl sulfonated side groups.
Manganese‐based materials as cathode for rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries
Authors: Guo Yixuan , Zhang Yixiang , Lu Hongbin
Published: March 2022

Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising candidates for advanced electrical energy storage systems owing to low cost, intrinsic safety, environmental benignity, and decent energy densities. Currently, significant research efforts are being made to develop high‐performance positive electrodes for ZIBs. Nevertheless, there are still many obstacles to be overcome in pursuit of the comprehensive performance of cathode materials, including specific capacity, structural stability, rate performance, and so forth. Many manganese‐based compounds have become the hotspots in the study of ZIB cathodes due to their advantages of natural abundance, less toxicity, and high operating voltage. Here, different energy storage mechanisms of various kinds of manganese‐based compounds are summarized. Electrochemical results of manganese‐based cathodes are compared and analyzed. Moreover, optimization strategies for addressing existing issues of these materials and improving ZIBs are discussed in detail.
Engineering tumor constructs to study matrix‐dependent angiogenic signaling of breast cancer cells
Authors: Nasser Malak , Ghosh Gargi
Published: March 2022

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among females globally. The crosstalk between tumor microenvironment and neoplastic cells is the key for promoting tumor growth, stimulating tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis to distant organs. Thus, it is highly important to investigate tumor cell–matrix interactions to facilitate screening of different anti‐cancer agents, individually or in combination. We, herein report, the development of an in vitro three‐dimensional (3D) breast cancer model to investigate the effect of stromal crosslinking and consequent, stiffening on the angiogenic activity of cancer cells. Crosslinking of collagen gels was altered via non‐enzymatic glycation and highly aggressive breast cancer cells, MDA‐MB‐231, were encapsulated in these gels. Cells encapsulated in glycated/stiffer matrices displayed an increased expression of pro‐angiogenesis‐related signals. Inhibition of mechanotransduction pathways on the angiogenic activity of aggressive tumor cells in stiff matrices was investigated using Y‐27632, blebbistatin, and cytochalasin D. Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y‐27632, diminished the pro‐angiogenic signaling, thereby suggesting the potential dependence of breast cancer cells on the Rho/ROCK pathway in regulating tumor angiogenesis. Our findings highlight the potential of the developed model to be used as a tool to investigate matrix‐associated tumor angiogenesis and screen different therapeutic agents towards inhibiting it.
Relationship between perioperative oncological evaluation and recurrence using circulating tumor DNA with KRAS mutation in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Hayashi Takaomi , Yoshida Yoichiro , Yamada Teppei , Tanaka Keita , Shimaoka Hideki , Kajitani Ryuji , Munechika Taro , Nagano Hideki , Matsumoto Yoshiko , Komono Akira , Sakamoto Ryohei , Aisu Naoya , Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Yoshimura Fumihiro , Hasegawa Suguru
Published: March 2022

Background

The detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in colorectal cancer (CRC) by liquid biopsy may have prognostic information. In this perioperative study, we evaluate if there is a relationship between mutant allele frequency (MAF) of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and tumor recurrence and how that could be useful in the early detection of recurrence.

Methods

Among 304 cases of colorectal cancer surgery, ctDNA was sampled from the perioperative blood of 84 patients with CRC with KRAS mutation (exon 4 p.A146T, exon 4 p.A146V, exon 2 p.G12A, exon 2 p.G12C, exon 2 p.G12D, exon 2 p.G12S, exon 2 p.G12V, exon 2 p.G13D, exon 3 p.Q61H) and analyzed using the digital polymerase chain reaction system. The median observation period was 26 months.

Results

Although the relationship between the perioperative MAF of KRAS and recurrence was not proved, tumor diameter, tumor depth, and stage were correlated with the preoperative MAF of KRAS (p = 0.034, p = 0.002, p = 0.008). However, tumor diameter, tumor depth, and stage did not correlate with MAF of KRAS at postoperative day 30.

Conclusions

In this study, pathological tumor size, tumor depth, and stage were correlated with preoperative MAF of KRAS, but it was unreliable to predict recurrence by detection of ctDNA with KRAS mutation in the perioperative period of colorectal surgery.