bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epstein–Barr virus‐associated large B‐cell lymphoma transformation in marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma: a series of four cases
Authors: Camacho Castañeda Francisca Inmaculada , Dotor Ana , Manso Rebeca , Martín Paloma , Prieto Pareja Elena , Palomo Esteban Teresa , García Vela José Antonio , Santonja Carlos , Piris Miguel A , Rodríguez Pinilla Socorro María
Published: March 2020

Aims

To present four examples of clonally related Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated large‐cell transformation of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) (of nodal, extranodal and splenic types), occurring 120, 11 and 5 months after the initial diagnosis in three instances, and concurrently in one case; and to discuss several interesting features of EBV infection.

Methods and results

Somatic mutations were detected by use of a customised panel for next‐generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction studies of IgH in both low‐grade and high‐grade components of each case. In case 1, the initial biopsy of nodal MZL showed scattered EBV‐positive cells, which might constitute an indication of EBV‐induced progression. Case 2 showed heterogeneous EBV expression, a phenomenon attributable to loss of the EBV episomes during cell division, or to a secondary superinfection or reactivation of the virus. In case 3, p53 overexpression related to gene mutation and EBV‐encoded small RNAs were identified in the same neoplastic component. In case 4, the mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue‐type MZL and the high‐grade component were identified concurrently in a patient previously treated with methotrexate for an autoimmune disorder.

Conclusion

These data suggest that the presence of EBV should be added to the list of potential markers to be analysed for MZL prognosis.
Yb2O3‐Gd2O3 codoped strontium zirconate composite ceramics for potential thermal barrier coating applications
Authors: Zhang Jingxin , Bai Yu , Li Enbo , Dong Hongying , Ma Wen
Published: March 2020

Strontium zirconate (SrZrO3) has been considered as a promising thermal barrier coating (TBC) material for application in gas turbine engines; however, the phase transition problem limits its application. In this study, an Yb2O3 and Gd2O3 codoped SrZrO3 system with excellent properties was reported. Yb2O3‐Gd2O3 codoped SrZrO3 ceramic powders [Sr0.8(Zr0.9Yb0.05Gd0.05)O2.75, SZYG/YGZO], [Sr(Zr0.9Yb0.05Gd0.05)O2.95, SZYG] and pure SrZrO3 (SZO) powders were produced by a conventional solid‐state reaction method. The XRD and Raman results show that, the composite SZYG/YGZO ceramics consist of the SZO and Yb0.5Zr0.5O1.75 phases with a low thermal conductivity of ~1.3 W/(m·K) at 1000°C, which is at least 40% lower than that of the SZO ceramics. The TG‐DSC results show that the SZYG/YGZO ceramics have no phase transition in the temperature range of 600 to 1400°C. The thermal expansion coefficient of the SZYG/YGZO ceramics reaches 10.9 × 10−6 K−1 (1250°C). In addition, the fracture toughness of the SZYG/YGZO ceramics increases by more than 30% compared with the SZO ceramics, and this can be attributed to the presence of the Yb0.5Zr0.5O1.75 phase.
Active chitosan–chestnut extract films used for packaging and storage of fresh pasta
Authors: Kõrge Kristi , Bajić Marijan , Likozar Blaž , Novak Uroš
Published: March 2020

A tannins‐rich chestnut extract was used to enhance the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan‐based film materials. The favourable mechanical properties of the novel material enabled its application in the preparation of the sachets that were used for packing and storage of filled fresh pasta. The fresh pasta ageing progressed in conventional refrigerated storage conditions of 8 °C with 60 ± 2% relative humidity in the absence of light for 60 days. The rapid moisture mobility between a starchy food and sachets during the first 9 days of storage induced retrogradation of the fresh pasta, whereby total phenolic content show dependency on moisture throughout the shelf life. Active components within the sachet prevented microbial growth on the food surface during the entire 60 days.
Reticulated platelets and immature platelet fraction: Clinical applications and method limitations
Authors: Buttarello Mauro , Mezzapelle Giacomo , Freguglia Francesca , Plebani Mario
Published: March 2020

So‐called “reticulated” or “immature platelets,” which are newly released into the circulation, are more reactive than mature platelets, contain more RNA, and can be counted using flow cytometry after staining with thiazole orange or using some fully automated hematology analyzers, albeit with numerical disagreement. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of available technology for measuring immature or reticulated platelets (RP) with preanalytical (time stability, biological variation), analytical (methods, imprecision), and postanalytical (reference range) limitations. We also analyzed the clinical conditions in which immature/RP can be considered a diagnostic or prognostic tool (ie, differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia, recovery after bone marrow or stem cell transplantation, risk assessment in cardiovascular diseases, response to antiplatelet drugs). They might also be of clinical utility in other settings but with lower evidence. The lack of a specific reference method and universal control material, as well as dependency of results on the measurement technique used, calls for different reference intervals and compromises comparison between clinical studies carried out using different analytical methods. To obviate lack of agreement between methods, more specific RNA dyes are necessary and the impact of the platelet size on the fluorescence signal defined. In the harmonization age, also in nomenclature field, a new definition instead of “reticulated” or “immature” platelets would be useful, and “young platelets” might be a more appropriate definition taking into account both the age and the functionality of this platelet fraction.
T‐cells expressing a chimeric‐PD1‐Dap10‐CD3zeta receptor reduce tumour burden in multiple murine syngeneic models of solid cancer
Authors: Parriott Geoffrey , Deal Kelsey , Crean Shane , Richardson Elle , Nylen Emily , Barber Amorette
Published: March 2020

Adoptive transfer of T‐cells is a promising therapy for many cancers. To enhance tumour recognition by T‐cells, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) consisting of signalling domains fused to receptors that recognize tumour‐associated antigens can be expressed in T‐cells. While CAR T‐cells have shown clinical success for treating haematopoietic malignancies, using CAR T‐cells to treat solid tumours remains a challenge. We developed a chimeric PD1 (chPD1) receptor that recognizes the ligands for the PD1 receptor that are expressed on many types of solid cancer. To determine if this novel CAR could target a wide variety of tumour types, the anti‐tumour efficacy of chPD1 T‐cells against syngeneic murine models of melanoma, renal, pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, prostate and bladder cancer was measured. Of the 14 cell lines tested, all expressed PD1 ligands on their cell surface, making them potential targets for chPD1 T‐cells. ChPD1 T‐cells lysed the tumour cells and secreted pro‐inflammatory cytokines [interferon (IFN)γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)‐2, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), IL‐17 and IL‐21], but did not secrete the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. Furthermore, T‐cells expressing chPD1 receptors reduced an established tumour burden and led to long‐term tumour‐free survival in all types of solid tumours tested. ChPD1 T‐cells did not survive longer than 14 days in vivo; however, treatment with chPD1 T‐cells induced protective host anti‐tumour memory responses in tumour‐bearing mice. Therefore, adoptive transfer of chPD1 T‐cells could be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat multiple types of solid cancer.
Structure, infrared spectra and microwave dielectric properties of the novel Eu2TiO5 ceramics
Authors: Jinjie Zheng , Yaokang Yang , Haitao Wu , Zhou Yuanyuan , Zhang Zhiliang
Published: March 2020

The microwave dielectric properties of Eu2TiO5 ceramic prepared by a conventional solid‐state method were investigated for the first time. An orthorhombic structure with Pnam space group was obtained from x‐ray diffraction. On the basis of P‐V‐L chemical bond theory and refined lattice parameters, the bond parameters of bond ionicity, lattice energy, bond energy, and coefficient of thermal expansion of Eu2TiO5 were computed. The relationship between chemical bond characteristics and microwave dielectric properties was discussed. Besides, far‐infrared reflective spectra indicated the absorption of structural phonon oscillation might be the main contribution to polarization for Eu2TiO5 ceramic. Eu2TiO5 ceramic sintered at 1300°C for 6 hours possessed excellent microwave dielectric properties of εr ~ 14.4 ± 0.2, Q × f ~ 21 000 ± 500 GHz, and τf  ~ −10 ± 2 ppm/°C.
The effect of transcrestal sinus‐floor elevation without graft on the long‐term prognosis of maxillary implants
Authors: Rammelsberg Peter , Kilian Samuel , Büsch Christopher , Kappel Stefanie
Published: March 2020

Aim

To evaluate the effects of (a) transcrestal sinus‐floor elevation (TSFE) and (b) residual bone height on long‐term implant survival.

Materials and Methods

Chi‐squared and t tests were used for descriptive comparison of the groups. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and corresponding log‐rank tests were used to investigate implant survival over time. Multivariable Cox regressions were performed for the total population and experimental group.

Results

A total of 634 patients received 648 implants with TSFE, while 674 implants without TSFE served as controls. Thirty implant failures occurred in the experimental group and 28 in the control group. Ten‐year Kaplan–Meier survival curves for the 157 implants (24.3%) still under observation showed a probability of survival of 93.7% for the implants with TSFE and 92.9% for the 72 implants without TSFE (p = .678). The probability of 10‐year survival of all implants in the experimental group decreased to 77.4% for implants placed in residual bone heights of 1–3 mm, compared with 95.7% for implant sites with bone heights of 4–6 mm and 97.6% for bone heights of >6 mm.

Conclusions

Transcrestal sinus‐floor elevation has no negative effect on the long‐term implant survival. Membrane perforation or negligible bone height, however, reduces the probability of 10‐year survival.
Alveolar bone level at deciduous molars in Flemish children: A retrospective, radiographic study
Authors: Wylleman Astrid , Van der Veken Dominique , Teughels Wim , Quirynen Marc , Laleman Isabelle
Published: March 2020

Aim

The aim of this retrospective radiographic study in Flemish children was to examine the bone level and bone loss around deciduous molars and factors influencing this.

Materials and methods

Two thousand eight hundred ninety six digital intra‐oral radiographs of children younger than 18 years old were screened for eligibility. The distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest was measured, and tooth surfaces were screened for local risk factors that are presumably related to changes in the bone level. A distance >2 mm was defined as bone loss based on previous literature. All measurements were performed by two examiners.

Results

One thousand four hundred ninety one radiographs of 796 patients (mean age 6.46 ± 2.38 years) were included. The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest ranged from 0.07 to 2.88 mm, and the mean distance was 0.93 ± 0.37 mm. This distance was positively correlated with age (p < .001). In 3.5% of patients, bone loss was diagnosed. Caries, fillings and pulp pathology were associated with bone loss and higher cementoenamel junction—alveolar bone crest distances (p < .05).

Conclusion

This study found a low prevalence of alveolar bone loss in the primary dentition. Both the bone level and bone loss were strongly correlated with local factors.
Pocket elimination after osseous resective surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ferrarotti Francesco , Giraudi Marta , Citterio Filippo , Fratini Adriano , Gualini Giacomo , Piccoli Gian Marco , Mariani Giulia Maria , Romano Federica , Aimetti Mario
Published: March 2020

Aim

To systemically review the available evidence on the clinical performance of osseous resective surgery (ORS) in the treatment of residual periodontal defects in terms of pocket elimination and biological costs in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods

Three databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane) were searched up to January 2019. Clinical trials with a follow‐up duration of at least 12 months after ORS with or without fibre retention technique were included. Quantitative synthesis was conducted with random‐effect meta‐analysis.

Results

Overall, 1,765 studies were retrieved, of which 53 full‐text articles were screened by two reviewers. Finally, a total of three RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. Random‐effect meta‐analysis showed a weighted mean percentage of pocket elimination (final PD ≤ 4 mm) at 12 months of 98.3% (95% CI: 96.8; 99.7) with I2 of 26%. The weighted mean amount of resected bone was 0.87 mm (95% CI: 0.49; 1.25), and the weighted mean increase in gingival recession was 2.13 mm (95% CI: 1.49; 2.78) at 12 months.

Conclusions

ORS represents an effective surgical approach for the elimination of residual periodontal pockets in the short to medium term. Additional randomized controlled clinical trials with data on pocket elimination are warranted.
Answer to the letter to the editor titled ‘Phenoxyethanol, reproduction, and development: additional studies are needed’
Authors: Dréno B. , Zuberbier T. , Gelmetti C. , Gontijo G. , Marinovich M.
Published: March 2020

Linked article: R. Garlantézec, et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020;34:e407–e408. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16344.
Phenoxyethanol, reproduction and development: additional studies are needed
Authors: Garlantézec R. , Warembourg C. , Beranger R. , Chevrier C.
Published: March 2020

Linked article: B. Dréno et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020;34:e409–e410. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16343.
Evolution of multivariate wing allometry in schizophoran flies (Diptera: Schizophora)
Authors: Rohner Patrick T.
Published: March 2020

The proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying scaling relationships as well as their evolutionary consequences remain an enigmatic issue in evolutionary biology. Here, I investigate the evolution of wing allometries in the Schizophora, a group of higher Diptera that radiated about 65 million years ago, by studying static allometries in five species using multivariate approaches. Despite the vast ecological diversity observed in contemporary members of the Schizophora and independent evolutionary histories throughout most of the Cenozoic, size‐related changes represent a major contributor to overall variation in wing shape, both within and among species. Static allometries differ between species and sexes, yet multivariate allometries are correlated across species, suggesting a shared developmental programme underlying size‐dependent phenotypic plasticity. Static allometries within species also correlate with evolutionary divergence across 33 different families (belonging to 11 of 13 superfamilies) of the Schizophora. This again points towards a general developmental, genetic or evolutionary mechanism that canalizes or maintains the covariation between shape and size in spite of rapid ecological and morphological diversification during the Cenozoic. I discuss the putative roles of developmental constraints and natural selection in the evolution of wing allometry in the Schizophora.
High Diversity of Testate Amoebae (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida) Detected by HTS Analyses in a New England Fen using Newly Designed Taxon‐specific Primers
Authors: Ruggiero Alistaire , Grattepanche Jean‐David , Weiner Agnes K. M. , Katz Laura A.
Published: March 2020

Testate (shell‐building) amoebae, such as the Arcellinida (Amoebozoa), are useful bioindicators for climate change. Though past work has relied on morphological analyses to characterize Arcellinida diversity, genetic analyses revealed the presence of multiple cryptic species underlying morphospecies. Here, we design and deploy Arcellinida‐specific primers for the SSU‐rDNA gene to assess the community composition on the molecular level in a pilot study of two samplings from a New England fen: (1) 36‐cm horizontal transects and vertical cores; and (2) 26‐m horizontal transects fractioned into four size classes (2–10, 10–35, 35–100, and 100–300 μm). Analyses of these data show the following: (1) a considerable genetic diversity within Arcellinida, much of which comes from morphospecies lacking sequences on GenBank; (2) communities characterized by DNA (i.e. active + quiescent) are distinct from those characterized by RNA (i.e. active, indicator of biomass); (3) active communities on the surface tend to be more similar to one another than to core communities, despite considerable heterogeneity; and (4) analyses of communities fractioned by size find some lineages (OTUs) that are abundant in disjunct size categories, suggesting the possibility of life‐history stages. Together, these data demonstrate the potential of these primers to elucidate the diversity of Arcellinida communities in diverse habitats.
Renewables‐based decarbonization and relocation of iron and steel making: A case study
Authors: Gielen Dolf , Saygin Deger , Taibi Emanuele , Birat Jean‐Pierre
Published: March 2020

The article assesses the future role of hydrogen‐based iron and steel making and its potential impact on global material flows, based on a combination of technology assessment, material flow analysis, and microeconomic analysis. Renewable hydrogen‐based iron production can become the least‐cost supply option at a carbon dioxide (CO2) price of around United States dollars (USD) 67 per tonne. Availability of low‐cost renewable electricity is a precondition. Australia is the world's largest producer of iron ore and at the same time a country with significant low‐cost renewable electricity potential. A shift to direct reduced iron (DRI) exports could reduce global CO2 emissions substantially and at the same time increase value added in Australia, while maintaining steel production in countries that are currently processing ore into iron and steel, such as China, South Korea, and Japan. The approach could be expanded to other parts of the world and other energy‐intensive industry sectors. Such relocation analysis in a climate context can become a new industrial ecology research area. Iron and steel industry CO2 emissions can be reduced by nearly a third, around 0.7 gigatonnes (Gt) CO2 per year. To achieve these emission reductions, investment of USD 0.9 trillion, or 0.7% of the total energy sector investment needs, would be required, global DRI production would have to increase seven‐fold from today's level, and the hydrogen energy used would equal 1% of global primary energy supply. Such a shift could develop from 2025 onward at scale, if the right policies are put in place.
Attenuation correction for confocal laser scanning microscopy and its application in chromatography
Authors: OHSER J. , HAAS P. , FAHRBACH F. , MENSTELL P. , SCHWÄMMLE A. , OSTERROTH S. , DOBROVOLSKIJ D.
Published: March 2020

The applicability of confocal laser scanning microscopy is limited, e.g. by attenuation of the excitation and the fluorescence emission beam. As a prerequisite for further processing and analysis of the obtained microscopic images, a new method is presented for correcting this attenuation. The correction is based on beam modelling and on a differential form of the modified Beer–Lambert law. It turns out that the intensity decay can be modelled as a double convolution of the microscopic image with the intensities of the excitation semibeam and the emission beam. Under weak assumptions made for the intensities of the fluorescent radiation and the detected signal, formulas for the attenuation correction and the attenuation simulation are derived. The method traces back to that one published by Roerdink which is modified concerning a more realistic beam modelling, avoiding the so‐called weak attenuation expansion and considering fluorescence excitation throughout the light cone of the excitation beam. The applicability of the method is demonstrated for synthetic examples as well as microscopic images of chromatographic beads. It is shown that the new method can be successfully applied for reconstructing the true fluorophore distribution in specimens even if the microscopic images are affected by strong attenuation.

Lay Description

The applicability of confocal laser scanning microscopy is limited by attenuation of the excitation and the fluorescence emission beam. As a prerequisite for further processing and analysis of the obtained microscopic images, a new method is presented for correcting this attenuation. The correction is based on modeling the excitation as well as the emission beam and on a modified Beer‐Lambert law for beam attenuation. The applicability of the method is demonstrated for synthetic examples as well as microscopic images of chromatographic beads. It is shown that the new method can be successfully applied for reconstructing the true fluorophore distribution in specimens even if the microscopic images are affected by strong attenuation.
Examining subacute nurses’ roles in a changing healthcare context
Authors: Digby Robin , Bolster Danielle , Hughes Leanne , Perta Andrew , Bucknall Tracey K.
Published: March 2020

Aims and objectives

To explore and describe nurses' role in the rehabilitation and care of patients in one subacute care facility in Melbourne, Australia.

Background

The role of nurses in subacute care and within the rehabilitation team is evolving and remains unclear.

Design

Mixed methods.

Methods

Fourteen nurses from seven rehabilitation and geriatric evaluation and management wards in one subacute facility in Melbourne, Australia, were observed in practice for two hours and then interviewed. Activities were recorded electronically. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using content analysis. The study complied with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).

Results

Three main themes are as follows: (a) Nurses as rehabilitators; (b) Teamwork in rehabilitation; and (c) The changing context of subacute care. Nurses prioritised patient personal and clinical care above other responsibilities. They were largely excluded from team decision‐making because clinical responsibilities precluded them from attending team meetings. Unsuitable buildings, increased patient acuity and time constraints were further challenges.

Conclusions

Nurses have a multifaceted role in patient rehabilitation that is poorly understood. An evaluation of the nursing role within the interdisciplinary team, skills and processes of care may increase understanding, and improve communication and relationships between disciplines potentially benefiting patients. Role clarity and differentiation in nursing skills are required within the nursing workforce.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses have a unique role in both clinical care and rehabilitation of patients, and as part of the interdisciplinary team.

Respectful professional relationships need fostering within the interdisciplinary team to achieve optimal patient outcomes.

The way that team meetings and decision‐making occur in the subacute wards requires adjustment to ensure that the valuable contribution of nurses, both to the interdisciplinary team and to the rehabilitation of patients, is used and acknowledged to improve patient care.
Clinical outcomes of transarterial chemotherapy and embolization for vaginal cancer
Authors: Bi Yonghua , Yi Mengfei , Yu Zepeng , Han Xinwei , Ren Jianzhuang
Published: March 2020

Aim

We report clinical outcomes of transarterial embolization in 19 cases of vaginal cancer.

Methods

From August 2011 to October 2019, 19 patients with histologically diagnosed vaginal cancer were identified in our department. Transarterial chemotherapy and embolization was performed for all patients. Patient characteristics, treatment plans and the clinical outcomes, were recorded.

Results

Among 19 identified cases, nine of them are squamous cell carcinoma, five of adenocarcinoma, one of adenosquamous carcinoma, two of vaginal malignant melanoma, one leiomyosarcoma and one of stromal sarcoma. Transarterial chemotherapy and embolization was successfully performed in all patients. No related complication was found after intervention treatment. Besides, eight patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, four received both adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy and seven received no therapies. Four patients were cured and seven were stable during follow‐up.

Conclusion

Transarterial embolization appears safe and effective for vaginal cancer, with a currently acceptable prognosis.
Digitally Created 3‐Piece Additive Manufactured Index for Direct Esthetic Treatment
Authors: Park So Hyeon , Piedra‐Cascón Wenceslao , Zandinejad Amirali , Revilla‐León Marta
Published: March 2020

Facial and intraoral scanners as well as additive manufacturing (AM) technologies can be integrated to virtually plan restorative procedures. The present article describes a digital workflow protocol for treatment planning an esthetic rehabilitation using direct composite restorations. The combination of facial digitalization and intraoral scans allowed a facially driven diagnostic waxing, while additive manufacturing technologies facilitate the translation of the digital waxing into the patient´s mouth through an AM 3‐piece silicone index which was designed into a buccal and a lingual clear flexible silicone indices that were fitted into a clear and rigid custom tray. This procedure facilitated the treatment planning procedures as well as assisted the direct composite restoration procedures, providing several advantages compared with conventional procedures such as precise translation of the digital diagnostic waxing into the patient´s mouth, horizontal path of insertion of the silicone index, and minimized time of the clinical intervention.
Being fun: An overlooked indicator of childhood social status
Authors: Laursen Brett , Altman Robert L. , Bukowski William M. , Wei Li
Published: March 2020

Objective

The present study concerns an overlooked trait indicator of childhood peer status: Being fun. The study is designed to identify the degree to which being fun is uniquely associated with the peer status variables of likeability and popularity.

Method

Two studies of children in grades 4 to 6 (ages 9 to 12) are reported. The first involved 306 girls and 305 boys attending school in northern Colombia. The second involved 363 girls and 299 boys attending school in southern Florida. Students completed similar peer nomination inventories, once in the first study and twice (8 weeks apart) in the second.

Results

In both studies, being fun was positively correlated with likeability and popularity. In the second study, being fun predicted subsequent changes in likeability and popularity, after controlling for factors known to be related to each. Initial likeability and popularity also predicted subsequent changes in perceptions of being fun.

Conclusions

Anecdotal evidence suggests that children are intensely focused on having fun. The findings indicate that this focus extends beyond the immediate rewards that fun experiences provide; some portion of peer status is uniquely derived from the perception that one is fun to be around.
RIASEC interests and the Big Five personality traits matter for life success—But do they already matter for educational track choices?
Authors: Usslepp Nele , Hübner Nicolas , Stoll Gundula , Spengler Marion , Trautwein Ulrich , Nagengast Benjamin
Published: March 2020

Objective

Educational track choices have far‐reaching consequences because they are associated with long‐term life success. Theoretical approaches and previous empirical research have nearly exclusively identified family background and achievement as determinants of these choices. Although students’ educational track choices might fit their personality, individual differences in personality have not been explored. We investigated the effects of two personality aspects—RIASEC interests and Big Five traits—on hierarchically ranked track choices (vocational vs. general educational track), alongside family background and achievement.

Method

We used two German data sets (TOSCA 10 study: N = 473; TOSCA study: N = 4,218) focusing on choices between the general educational track (leading to higher educational attainment) and the vocational track (leading to work life) at two different stages in educational careers. We ran several multiple (logistic) regressions.

Results

The results showed that certain aspects of students’ personality matter for educational track choices. Accordingly, across both studies, students with high Investigative or Enterprising interests more often chose the general educational track, whereas students with high Social or Conventional interests more often chose the vocational track—after the Big Five personality traits, achievement, and family background were controlled for. The Big Five traits showed no or only small significant associations with educational track choices.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences when investigating important life outcomes such as track choices.
Clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, and selegiline, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, modulate the activity of phagocytic cells after oral administration in mice
Authors: Sobieszczańska Anna , Lis Magdalena , Suszko-Pawłowska Agnieszka , Szczypka Marianna
Published: March 2020

Objectives

Our aim was to find out whether clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, and selegiline, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, influence the activity of phagocytic cells after in-vivo administration in mice.

Methods

Clomipramine and selegiline were administered to Balb/c mice orally at a dose of 1 mg/kg, 7 or 14 times. IL-1β and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured in supernatants of the peritoneal macrophage cultures stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli. The phagocytic activity of the granulocytes and monocytes was determined using a commercial Phagotest 24 and 72 h after the last dose of the investigated drugs.

Key findings

Seven doses of clomipramine or selegiline decreased IL-1β production, while a rise in its synthesis was observed after 14 doses of selegiline. Clomipramine administered 14 times increased NO production. Clomipramine and selegiline administered seven times reduced the percentage of phagocytosing granulocytes. The drugs administered 14 times increased the percentage of phagocytosing granulocytes and decreased the percentage of phagocytosing monocytes.

Conclusions

Both clomipramine and selegiline administered in vivo changed the phagocytic activity of blood cells and IL-1β and NO production by murine peritoneal macrophages. This effect depended on the drug, the number of doses and the type of phagocytic cells.
Addition of magnesium sulfate to intraperitoneal ropivacaine for perioperative analgesia in canine ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Gomes Denis R. , Nicácio Isabela P. G. A. , Cerazo Letícia M. L. , Dourado Larissa , Teixeira‐Neto Francisco J. , Cassu Renata N.
Published: March 2020

Magnesium may be used as an adjunctive analgesic for perioperative pain management because of its antinociceptive properties. This study investigated the analgesic efficacy of intraperitoneal ropivacaine combined with magnesium sulfate in canine ovariohysterectomy. Forty‐five dogs sedated with acepromazine/meperidine and anesthetized with propofol/isoflurane were randomly distributed into three treatments, administered intraperitoneally (n = 15 per group): saline solution (group S), 0.25% ropivacaine (3 mg/kg) alone (group R), or in combination with magnesium sulfate (20 mg/kg, group R‐Mg). Intravenous fentanyl was given to control cardiovascular responses to surgical stimulation. Postoperative pain was assessed using an Interactive Visual Analog Scale (IVAS), the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale, and mechanical nociceptive thresholds. Morphine/meloxicam was administered as rescue analgesia. Intraoperatively, the R‐Mg group required less fentanyl (p = .02) and exhibited higher incidence of hypotension (systolic arterial pressure <90 mm Hg, p = .006) compared with the S group. Lower IVAS pain scores were recorded during the first hour in the R‐Mg group than the other groups (p = .007–.045). Postoperative rescue analgesia did not differ between groups. Intraperitoneal magnesium sulfate administration, in spite of decreasing intraoperative opioid requirements, increased the incidence of hypotension with minimal evidence of postoperative analgesic benefits.
Diagnostic Performance of CT/MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System v2017 for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lee Sunyoung , Kim Seung‐Seob , Roh Yun Ho , Choi Jin‐Young , Park Mi‐Suk , Kim Myeong‐Jin
Published: March 2020

Background & Aims

The liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) is a comprehensive system for standardizing liver imaging in patients at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed a meta‐analysis to determine the diagnostic performance of the LR‐5 category for HCC and the pooled proportions of HCCs in each LI‐RADS category using CT/MRI LI‐RADS v2017.

Methods

We searched multiple databases for original studies reporting on the diagnostic accuracy of CT/MRI LI‐RADS v2017. Random‐effects models were used to determine the summary estimates of the diagnostic performance of the LR‐5 category and the pooled proportions of HCCs for each LI‐RADS category. Risk of bias and concerns regarding applicability were evaluated with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool.

Results

Fourteen studies (3 prospective studies and 11 retrospective studies) were included in the final analysis, consisting of 2056 patients, 2589 observations, and 1693 HCCs. The pooled per‐observation sensitivity was 67% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62%‐72%) with specificity of 92% (95% CI, 88%‐95%) in the LR‐5 category of CT/MRI LI‐RADS v2017 for diagnosing HCC. The pooled proportions of HCCs were 0% (95% CI, 0%‐0%) for LR‐1, 4% (95% CI, 0%‐8%) for LR‐2, 34% (95% CI, 23%‐44%) for LR‐3, 67% (95% CI, 53%‐81%) for LR‐4, and 92% (95% CI, 87%‐96%) for LR‐5. The proportions of HCCs were significantly different among LI‐RADS categories 1‐5 (P = .034).

Conclusions

The LR‐5 category of CT/MRI LI‐RADS v2017 shows moderate sensitivity and high specificity for diagnosing HCC. Higher LI‐RADS categories contained higher proportions of HCCs.
Energy needs in the treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition: Secondary analysis to optimize delivery of ready‐to‐use therapeutic foods
Authors: Isanaka Sheila , Andersen Christopher T. , Hanson Kerstin E. , Berthé Fatou , Grais Rebecca F. , Briend André
Published: March 2020

Outpatient therapeutic feeding protocols for the treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition in children were initially based on weight gain data from inpatient settings and expert knowledge of the physiological requirements during recovery. However, weight gain and energy requirements from historic inpatient settings may differ from modern outpatient settings and therefore may not be appropriate to guide current therapeutic feeding protocols. We calculated the weight gain and average estimated total daily energy requirement of children successfully treated for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition as outpatients in Niger (n = 790). Mean energy provided by six therapeutic feeding protocols was calculated and compared with average estimated energy requirements in the study population. Overall weight gain was 5.5 g·kg−1·day−1 among recovered children. Average energy requirements ranged from 92 to 110 kcal·kg−1·day−1 depending on the estimation approach. Two current therapeutic feeding protocols were found to provide an excess of energy after the first week of treatment in our study population, whereas four research protocols tended to provide less energy than the estimated requirement after the first week of treatment. Alternative feeding protocols have the potential to simplify and lead to important savings for programmes but should be evaluated to show adequacy to meet the energy needs of children under treatment, as well as feasibility and cost efficiency. Our findings rely on theoretical calculations based on several assumptions and should be confirmed in field studies.
Contrasting genomic and phenotypic outcomes of hybridization between pairs of mimetic butterfly taxa across a suture zone
Authors: Gauthier Jérémy , de Silva Donna Lisa , Gompert Zachariah , Whibley Annabel , Houssin Céline , Le Poul Yann , McClure Melanie , Lemaitre Claire , Legeai Fabrice , Mallet James , Elias Marianne
Published: March 2020

Hybrid zones, whereby divergent lineages come into contact and eventually hybridize, can provide insights on the mechanisms involved in population differentiation and reproductive isolation, and ultimately speciation. Suture zones offer the opportunity to compare these processes across multiple species. In this paper we use reduced‐complexity genomic data to compare the genetic and phenotypic structure and hybridization patterns of two mimetic butterfly species, Ithomia salapia and Oleria onega (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini), each consisting of a pair of lineages differentiated for their wing colour pattern and that come into contact in the Andean foothills of Peru. Despite similarities in their life history, we highlight major differences, both at the genomic and phenotypic level, between the two species. These differences include the presence of hybrids, variations in wing phenotype, and genomic patterns of introgression and differentiation. In I. salapia, the two lineages appear to hybridize only rarely, whereas in O. onega the hybrids are not only more common, but also genetically and phenotypically more variable. We also detected loci statistically associated with wing colour pattern variation, but in both species these loci were not over‐represented among the candidate barrier loci, suggesting that traits other than wing colour pattern may be important for reproductive isolation. Our results contrast with the genomic patterns observed between hybridizing lineages in the mimetic Heliconius butterflies, and call for a broader investigation into the genomics of speciation in Ithomiini ‐ the largest radiation of mimetic butterflies.
Age structure of strandings and growth of Lahille's bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatusgephyreus)
Authors: Venuto Rihel , Botta Silvina , Barreto André S. , Secchi Eduardo R. , Fruet Pedro F.
Published: March 2020

This study describes the age structure and sex‐specific growth patterns of Lahille's bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus gephyreus), a subspecies endemic to the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWAO). The ages of 120 animals collected in southern Brazil between 1976 and 2017 were determined. We found high frequencies of young animals, mostly males, with no sex bias among adults. A temporal change in the age structure of strandings was observed, and we conclude it is a consequence of increased bycatch rates of young dolphins after 2000. The oldest male and female were 27 and 44 years old, respectively, suggesting that females live longer than males in southern Brazil. Growth curve analysis using Gompertz and Laird‐Gompertz growth models estimated asymptotic lengths of 316.5 cm for females and 351.6 cm for males, (reached around 13 and 18 years old, respectively), supporting sexual size dimorphism for the subspecies. A second growth pulse was identified for males. Our work highlights the benefit of long‐term studies and contributes valuable information toward understanding the life history of Lahille's bottlenose dolphin. It will serve as baseline for future studies that seek to understand mortality patterns of bottlenose dolphins elsewhere and the effects of anthropogenic actions on the survival of these animals.
Myositis with sarcoplasmic inclusions in Nakajo–Nishimura syndrome: a genetic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Ayaki T. , Murata K. , Kanazawa N. , Uruha A. , Ohmura K. , Sugie K. , Kasagi S. , Li F. , Mori M. , Nakajima R. , Sasai T. , Nishino I. , Ueno S. , Urushitani M. , Furukawa F. , Ito H. , Takahashi R.
Published: March 2020

Aims

Nakajo–Nishimura syndrome (NNS) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by biallelic mutations in the PSMB8 gene that encodes the immunoproteasome subunit β5i. There have been only a limited number of reports on the clinicopathological features of the disease in genetically confirmed cases.

Methods

We studied clinical and pathological features of three NNS patients who all carry the homozygous p.G201V mutations in PSMB8. Patients’ muscle specimens were analysed with histology and immunohistochemistry.

Results

All patients had episodes of typical periodic fever and skin rash, and later developed progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, similar to previous reports. Oral corticosteroid was used for treatment but showed no obvious efficacy. On muscle pathology, lymphocytes were present in the endomysium surrounding non‐necrotic fibres, as well as in the perimysium perivascular area. Nearly all fibres strongly expressed MHC‐I in the sarcolemma. In the eldest patient, there were abnormal protein aggregates in the sarcoplasm, immunoreactive to p62, TDP‐43 and ubiquitin antibodies.

Conclusions

These results suggest that inflammation, inclusion pathology and aggregation of abnormal proteins underlie the progressive clinical course of the NNS pathomechanism.
A spontaneous recovery of anti‐galactocerebroside antibody‐associated encephalitis without evidence of Mycoplasma infection
Authors: Tadokoro Koh , Omote Yoshio , Osakada Yosuke , Ikegami Ken , Sato Kota , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Abe Koji
Published: March 2020

Anti‐galactocerebroside (Gal‐C) antibody is characteristic of encephalomyelitis and Guillain‐Barré syndrome subsequent to mycoplasma infection. Here, we report a 75‐year‐old Japanese man who presented somnolence, signs of meningeal irritation, and parkinsonian features with positive serum inflammatory markers and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. Although anti‐Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody was negative, anti‐Gal‐C antibody was later detected in his serum. The present case recovered spontaneously without any other specific therapies.
Impact of nurse staffing on intent to leave, job satisfaction, and occupational injuries in Korean hospitals: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shin Sujin , Oh Seung Jin , Kim Jeonghyun , Lee Inyoung , Bae Sung‐Heui
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine nurse staffing in comprehensive nursing care units in Korea and examine the corresponding nurse outcomes, including intent to leave, job satisfaction, and occupational injuries. A total of 356 nurses working in comprehensive nursing care units at eight small‐medium sized Korean hospitals participated in this cross‐sectional study. In the day, evening, and night shifts, nurse staffing ranged from 9.00 to 24.82, 9.04 to 24.26, and 9.02 to 25.80, respectively. The nurse staffing on each shift did not have a significant impact on nursesʼ intent to leave, job satisfaction, and occupational injuries. However, workload had a strong relationship with intent to leave and job satisfaction. Voluntary overtime was related to occupational injuries. These findings demonstrate that workload is an important factor for intent to leave and job satisfaction among nurses working in comprehensive nursing care units. Improvements of the work environment, as well as rearrangement of nurse workload to account for patient acuity and nursing needs, are required for the future expansion of comprehensive nursing care services.
High‐throughput drone‐based remote sensing reliably tracks phenology in thousands of conifer seedlings
Authors: D'Odorico Petra , Besik Ariana , Wong Christopher Y. S. , Isabel Nathalie , Ensminger Ingo
Published: March 2020

Phenology is an important indicator of environmental variation and climate change impacts on tree responses. In conifers, monitoring phenology of photosynthesis through remote sensing has been unreliable, because needle foliage varies little throughout the year. This is challenging for modelling ecosystem carbon uptake and monitoring phenology for enhanced breeding (genomic selection) and forest health.

Here, we demonstrate that drone‐based carotenoid‐sensitive spectral indices, such as the Chl/carotenoid index (CCI), can be used to track phenology in conifers by taking advantage of the close relationship between seasonally changing carotenoid levels and the variation of photosynthetic activity.

Physiological ground measurements, including photosynthetic pigments and maximum quantum yield of Chl fluorescence, indicated that CCI tracked the variation of photosynthetic activity better than other vegetation indices for 30 white spruce seedlings measured over 1 yr. A machine‐learning approach, using CCI derived from drone‐based multispectral imagery, was used to model phenology of photosynthesis for the entire pedigree population (6000 seedlings).

This high‐throughput drone‐based phenotyping approach is suitable for studying climate change impacts and environmental variation on the physiological status of thousands of field‐grown conifers at unprecedented speed and scale.
The establishment of the Asia‐Pacific Oral Cancer Network—Inaugural stakeholders' Meeting
Authors: Syed Mohd Sobri Sharifah Nur Syamim , Kanapathy Jananezwary , Liew Chee Sun , Cheong Sok Ching
Published: March 2020

The majority of oral cancer cases occur in Asia and the incidence is expected to continue to rise. Oral cancer is amenable to early detection through visual oral examination yet in many Asian countries, the disease presents at a late stage. The barriers to early detection are similar across the Asia‐Pacific countries therefore, strategies to address these could be more effective if there were concerted efforts and joint resources amongst the countries. To facilitate better engagement and collaboration between stakeholders in oral cancer detection and management, the Asia‐Pacific Oral Cancer Network (APOCNET) was established and the inaugural meeting was held in Kuala Lumpur on the 13th to 15th of September 2019. In this meeting, we identified the challenges faced in the early detection and management of oral cancer amongst the stakeholder countries, showcased the successful oral cancer programs in the region and identified strategic areas for collaboration. For this, notable international speakers and those from local universities and the Ministry of Health Malaysia were invited to share their experiences. The lessons learned from our neighbouring countries could lead to the implementation of similar programs that could help reduce the oral cancer burden in the region.