bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÉRECTION D’ÉCOLES ET PRISE EN CHARGE DU TRAUMA DANS LES CAMPS DE MIGRANTS EUROPÉENS
Authors: Idrac1 Mickael
Published: July 2020

Cet article s’appuie sur le cadre théorique de l’interactionnisme symbolique pour décrire les dynamiques éducatives ayant cours dans les camps de migrants sis aux portes de l’Union européenne. Il découle d’une enquête de terrain menée entre février 2016 et août 2019 en Grèce, Macédoine du nord, Serbie, Italie et France. L’objectif de la recherche est de démontrer que sous certaines conditions, en passant par la qualification des camps en tant qu’institutions totales et la définition de la « forme-école », les écoles sont capables de devenir un levier de propagation du bien-être et catalyser la détotalisation des camps.
UN « HÔPITAL DU LIEN »? L’INTERVENTION NOVATRICE DE LA RUE DES FEMMES AUPRÈS DES FEMMES EN ÉTAT D’ITINÉRANCE
Authors: Gilbert1 Sophie , Delmas Ève , Emard Anne-Marie , Lavoie David , Lussier Véronique
Published: July 2020

Cet article présente un exemple d’intervention psychosociale axée sur la dimension relationnelle de l’itinérance chez les femmes. Il résume et discute les résultats d’une recherche qualitative menée auprès de l’organisme montréalais La rue des femmes entre 2014 et 2016. La méthodologie comporte l’analyse de la documentation interne de l’organisme, des entretiens individuels avec des intervenantes et des usagères, et des focus groups auprès des intervenantes. Notre recherche a identifié plusieurs facteurs agissants inhérents à cette approche dite relationnelle. Ces résultats permettent d’entrevoir les assises d’une approche clinique novatrice de la précarité, dans une perspective psychodynamique.
L’art au coeur de la démarche éducative pour le vivre-ensemble
Authors: Morel Maia
Published: July 2020

En s’appuyant sur la posture engagée de l’artiste contemporain, cette recherche examine comment l’oeuvre d’art permet d’aborder les valeurs du vivre-ensemble. Menée auprès de 44 enseignantes moldaves, elle interroge leurs représentations initiales sur l’Autre, ainsi que sur la place de l’art à l’école, et propose un recadrage en utilisant des oeuvres d’un artiste contemporain. Une analyse qualitative des résultats montre la façon dont les arts plastiques peuvent, en tant que discipline scolaire, aborder des questions sensibles et réorganiser les points de vue ; le texte traite aussi de la place à leur accorder dans l’éducation à la diversité.
À chacun son cirque !
Authors: Rivard Jacinthe , Vinet-St-Pierre Marilou
Published: July 2020

Les jeunes qui vivent une situation d’itinérance ou de grande précarité peinent à trouver un travail qui correspond à leur réalité et qui leur permet de se réaliser, tout en gagnant leur vie. Cet article s’intéresse aux Créations Collectives, l’un des quatre volets de l’organisme Cirque Hors Piste, qui propose à ces jeunes une expérience alternative et intensive de cirque social, visant le développement de compétences de pré-employabilité. Le modèle a fait l’objet d’une recherche participative d’une année, qui a investi le coeur des activités des Créations Collectives. On verra qu’au bout du processus, les compétences acquises par les jeunes se situent bien en amont du seul champ de l’emploi.
De l’oeuvre à la forme
Authors: Laliberté Bianca
Published: July 2020

Cet article problématise les limites des interventions artistiques dans les milieux communautaires. En privilégiant une pensée de la description empruntée à une certaine approche de l’histoire de l’art, il vise à réinscrire la production de discours sur l’oeuvre d’art communautaire dans sa matérialité même. Sur fond de la description de mon expérience de l’oeuvreLe temps d’une soupede l’ATSA, cet article fournit une réflexion critique sur le contexte actuel (pratique et théorique) de production d’oeuvres d’art communautaires. Il ouvre enfin l’avenue d’une exploration formelle susceptible d’orienter nos choix d’intervention en appelant à les fonder avant tout dans l’exigence d’un savoir plus précis des formes de réalités auxquelles répondent nos interventions.
INSTANTANÉS
Authors: Morell Bonet Alvaro , Berger Patrick
Published: July 2020

Ce projet artistique mêlant danse et photographie reflète l’aboutissement de trois ans d’expérience au sein de l’hôpital psychiatrique « Les Murets » auprès de personnes atteintes de schizophrénie. Nous sommes partis d’une idée simple : relier la danse et la photographie. Au travers de la danse, la proposition est de libérer le mouvement et de l’amener vers l’improvisation, l’expression, l’autonomie, l’indépendance, ce qui permet à chacun d’atteindre ses limites, de se réapproprier son corps. L’image, de son côté, va mettre en avant le senti et le ressenti de chaque individu face à la photo, les limites corporelles favorisant l’intégration sociale au sein du groupe.

Les enjeux de ce binôme danse/photo nous interrogent sur l’expérience du corps, l’extériorisation de l’image par la photo et donc les répercussions sociales. Le partage se fait lors de la présentation des photos en fin de séance et par une exposition visible par tous les patients, soignants et familles dans le foyer de l’hôpital, ce qui permet de partager et de rendre publique une image nouvelle des patients.
Antoine Gérin-Lajoie : une jeunesse romantique et un idéal politique au cours des difficiles années de l’Union
Authors: Gallichan Gilles
Published: July 2020

Cet article met en relief les premières années de la carrière d’Antoine Gérin-Lajoie et les premiers pas de son engagement social et national. Né en 1824, il fut témoin, sans être acteur, des grandes années patriotes et des insurrections de 1837-1838. Sa formation scolaire s’accompagne d’éveils culturels et d’élans littéraires qui le placent parmi les auteurs du courant romantique québécois. L’itinéraire du jeune Gérin-Lajoie, dans la décennie 1840, illustre les espoirs et les difficultés de sa génération. Il cherche brièvement fortune aux États-Unis, puis il revient au pays, préférant servir ses concitoyens par le journalisme et l’écriture. Son idéal politique est déchiré par la rupture entre L.-H. LaFontaine, qui tente de composer avec les contraintes et les injustices de l’Union, et L.-J. Papineau, revenu d’exil, qui condamne le régime colonial et se tourne vers l’annexionnisme. Gérin-Lajoie trouve dans la fonction publique, plus que dans le journalisme, un moyen de gagner sa vie et de fonder une famille. Son oeuvre littéraire, tant du côté de la poésie et du roman que de l’histoire, lui permet cependant de travailler au relèvement national. Homme de lettres et de réflexion, il figure, avec d’autres Canadiens de son époque (Étienne Parent, F.-X. Garneau, P.-J.-O. Chauveau, etc.), parmi ceux qui, malgré le long hiver colonial de l’Union, ont travaillé à maintenir l’existence du Canada français et qui ont souhaité son épanouissement.
Sur le romantisme littéraire canadien entre les années 1830 et 1860 : une étude comparative des discours sur la littérature de Joseph-Sabin Raymond et d’Henri-Raymond Casgrain
Authors: Rizzuto Liliana
Published: July 2020

Le présent article propose une analyse du discours sur la littérature de Joseph-Sabin Raymond et d’Henri-Raymond Casgrain, deux des représentants les plus éminents du romantisme littéraire canadien de 1830 à 1860. Leurs points de vue différents, flagrants notamment dans les textes qu’ils publient respectivement dans le Foyer canadien au cours de l’année 1866, offrent l’occasion d’une comparaison éclairante sur deux définitions concurrentes de la littérature canadienne pendant la période : la première plus classique, abreuvée à même les traités d’éloquence antiques et le romantisme catholique français ; la seconde plus moderne, résolument nationaliste, plus conservatrice également, quoique toujours aussi romantique, même s’il ne s’agit peut-être que d’un « romantisme de façade », ainsi que le suggère, entre autres, Micheline Cambron.
Les correspondances de Chauveau au Courrier des États-Unis, 1841-1849
Authors: Robert Lucie
Published: July 2020

De 1841 à 1849, Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau (qui signe encore « P. C. », initiales de Pierre Chauveau) agit comme correspondant canadien du Courrier des États-Unis, que dirige alors à New York le journaliste français Théodore-Frédéric Gaillardet. Il y commente la vie politique canadienne et connaît ainsi une certaine notoriété puisque ses articles sont régulièrement reproduits et commentés dans la presse canadienne. Ces correspondances, parmi les premières du journalisme canadien, révèlent la manière dont le jeune Chauveau subsume l’angoisse suscitée par les rébellions ainsi que des traces d’un romantisme politique que sa carrière ultérieure saura éteindre, mais qui permet alors de mieux saisir la genèse de son roman Charles Guérin.
De la rue à la prison et de la prison à la rue : une analyse du caractère cruel et inusité de l’emprisonnement pour non-paiement d’amendes des personnes en situation d’itinérance
Authors: Coupienne Marilyn , Perrault Édith
Published: July 2020

L’emprisonnement pour non-paiement d’amendes au Québec est le résultat de plusieurs facteurs sociaux, politiques et juridiques, dont la judiciarisation systémique des personnes en situation d’itinérance. Faisant appel à l’examen de la disproportion exagérée, le présent article analyse la possibilité de considérer l’emprisonnement pour non-paiement d’amendes comme une peine ou un traitement cruel et inusité au sens de l’article 12 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, notamment en raison de l’absence d’une individualisation de la peine de la part du juge du procès. Les conséquences de ce type d’emprisonnement sont importantes sur la vie des personnes en situation d’itinérance et ont pour effet d’accentuer leur vulnérabilité face au système judiciaire pénal et de limiter leur réinsertion sociale.
Euthanasie, abattage et mise à mort d’animaux : comment interpréter la Loi sur le bien-être et la sécurité de l’animal? Commentaire sur Road to Home Rescue Support c Ville de Montréal
Authors: Lessard Michaël , Bonenfant Romane
Published: July 2020

La Cour d’appel déclare que la reconnaissance des animaux comme étant des êtres doués de sensibilité par l’article 898.1 du Code civil du Québec ainsi que les protections juridiques corollaires de la Loi sur le bien-être et la sécurité de l’animal n’interdisent pas l’euthanasie ou l’abattage d’animaux, notamment lorsque la mise à mort d’un animal dangereux est ordonnée par une municipalité.

Quoiqu’ils soient en accord avec le dispositif du jugement, l’auteur et l’autrice critiquent l’interprétation restrictive que la Cour d’appel fait de l’article 6 de cette loi qui, à leur avis, prévoit une prohibition générale de la mise à mort d’animaux, sauf aux fins d’agriculture, de médecine vétérinaire, d’enseignement et de recherche scientifique.
Adoption of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Technology in Ebonyi State Nigeria: Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Availability of Technology
Authors: Onoh Amarachukwu L. , Onoh Charles C. , Onoh Peter A. , Ukpongson Matthew T.
Published: July 2020

Background: In order to meet the soaring demand for food, there is need for increased food production in Nigeria. Integrated Rice-fish farming is a significant approach to increase food production that will provide social, economic and environmental benefits.

Aim: To describe the socio-economic characteristics of integrated rice-fish farmers and to ascertain the availability of rice-fish farming technologies in the study area.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. 243 farmers were assessed for their socio-economic characteristics and the availability of rice-fish farming technologies in the study area.

Methodology: Primary data were obtained from the field using structured questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions that address the objectives of the study. Farmers were asked to indicate the rice-fish farming technologies available in the area. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used in achieving the objectives of the study in the form of Frequency score, Mean and Percentages.

Results: The result indicated that the majority (68.0%) of the farmers were male while 32.0% were female. The mean age of the farmers was 47 years. The result also showed that 79.8% of the farmers were, 9.5% of the farmers were single, while 10.7% were widowed. The result indicated that majority of the farmers 53.5% attained secondary school certificate, 21.8% had primary education. The result revealed that stocking of carp fish (78.60%), use of pests and disease resistant varieties (74.07%), use of organic fertilizer (61.73%), followed by transplanting of rice seedlings (69.96%) and skills in harvesting of rice before fish(53.50%) were the technologies perceived by the farmers as being the most available in the area.

Conclusion: The majority (68.0%) of the farmers were male while 32.0% were female and the technology that was most available to the farmers was stocking of carp fish.

Recommendations: There is need to encourage more females to engage in farming because female participation will have a positive multiplier effect not only on the family but on the entire community. Federal, State governments and Extension organizations must ensure that farmers are assisted in the use of available technology. The Extension agents should mount more aggressive awareness campaign in the area to enable more farmers embrace the practice of rice- fish farming.
Genetic Variability and Performance Evaluation of Cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Accessions on High Altitude of Jos Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Timon D. , Ndung E. H. Kwon-
Published: July 2020

The present study was carried out to evaluate the genetic variability and performance evaluation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) accessions with the objective of selecting accessions with the best adaptability and potentiality for upgrading grain yield and other related traits on high altitude of Jos plateau. A field experiment was therefore carried out at Dagwom farm at the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, in Jos South Local Government area of Plateau state, during the 2013 and 2014 rainy seasons. The treatments consisted of eighty (80) cowpea g accessions obtained from International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in two replicates. The result was analysed using (ANOVA) model and showed significant difference at (P<0.01) among the entries for all the characters accessed. High phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) compared with genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) coupled with low environmental coefficient of variability (ECV) were observed for all the yield and related traits accessed. High broad sense heritability (h2) coupled with high genetic advance (GAM %) attributed to high additive gene effect observed for all the characters observed in this study, except days to maturity which recorded high heritability with moderate genetic advance. In terms of performance, TVU-2972 and TVU-2174 were selected as accessions with high establishment capacity, TVU-4578 and TVU-7705 were selected as the early maturing accessions, while TVU-10431 was selected as the bold seeded genotype. The highest grain yield was produced by TVU-3188 and TVU-7918. All the above accessions were selected based on their high mean performance compared to other accessions. There is, therefore, need for hybridization between these selected accessions for evolving unique varieties of cowpea on high altitude area of Jos plateau.
Detection of Visual Field Loss Progression in Glaucoma: An Overview and Food for Thought
Authors: Aleci Carlo
Published: July 2020

The damage to the visual field is the main outcome of glaucoma. Basically, there are two different approaches to establish the rate of the functional loss in this clinical condition: event-based analysis and trend-based analysis. The event-based analysis, that relies on the occurrence of pre-established events to detect the progression of the visual field damage, cannot quantify the decay rate of sensitivity. In turn, the trend-based analysis, that aims to measure the rate of progression according to linear regression models, requires a long follow-up. Despite considerable effort, there is still no consensus on the optimal procedure, and a gold standard is still missing. This paper provides a quick overview of the topic as a tribute to the researchers engaged in this field.
Dosimetric benefits of gantry‐static couch‐motion (GsCM) technique for breast boost radiation therapy: Reduced dose to organs‐at‐risk and improved dosimetric indices
Authors: Gill Gurtej S. , Jakubovic Raphael Y. , Baker Jameson , Button Terry , Chang Jenghwa
Published: July 2020

To evaluate the clinical feasibility and dosimetric benefits of a novel gantry‐static couch‐motion (GsCM) technique for external beam photon boost treatment of lumpectomy cavity in patients with early‐stage breast cancer in comparison to three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT), wedge pair in supine position (WPS), and wedge pair in decubitus position (WPD) techniques. A retrospective review was conducted on breast patients (right breast, n = 10 and left breast, n = 10) who received 10 Gy boost after 50 Gy to whole breast. The treatment plans were generated using an isocentric‐based GsCM technique (a VMAT type planning approach) integrating couch rotational motion at static gantry positions. Static fields for each tangential side were merged using a Matlab® script and delivered automatically within the Varian TruebeamTM STx in Developer Mode application as a VMAT arc (wide‐angular medial and short‐angular lateral arcs). The dosimetric accuracy of the plan delivery was evaluated by ion chamber array measurements in phantom. For both right and left breast boost GsCM, 3D‐CRT, WPS, and WPD all provided an adequate coverage to PTV. GsCM significantly reduced the ipsilateral lung V30% for right side (mean, 80%) and left side (mean, 70%). Heart V5% reduced by 90% (mean) for right and 80% (mean) for left side. Ipsilateral breast V50% and mean dose were comparable for all techniques but for GsCM, V100% reduced by 50% (mean) for right and left side. The automated delivery of both arcs was under 2 min as compared to delivering individual fields (30 ± 5 min). The gamma analysis using 2 mm distance to agreement (DTA) and 2% dose difference (DD) was 98 ± 1.5% for all 20 plans. The GsCM technique facilitates coronal plane dose delivery appropriate for deep‐seated breast boost cavities, with sufficient dose conformity of target volume paired with sparing of the OARs.
How expert witnesses' counterfactuals influence causal and responsibility attributions of mock jurors and expert judges
Authors: Catellani Patrizia , Bertolotti Mauro , Vagni Monia , Pajardi Daniela
Published: July 2020

Past research has shown that counterfactual (“If…then…”) thoughts influence causal and responsibility attribution in the judicial context. However, little is known on whether and how the use of counterfactuals in communication affects lay jurors' and judges' evaluations. In two studies, we asked mock lay jurors (Study 1) and actual judges (Study 2) to read a medical malpractice case followed by an expert witness report, which included counterfactuals focused on either the physician, the patient, or external factors. Results showed that counterfactual focus had a strong effect on both lay jurors' and judges' causal and responsibility attributions. Counterfactual focus also moderated the effect of outcome foreseeability on responsibility attribution. Discussion focuses on how counterfactual communication can direct causal and responsibility attribution and reduce the importance of other factors known to influence judicial decision‐making. The potential implications of these findings in training programs and debiasing interventions are also discussed.
2D Colloidal Array of Glucose‐Conjugative Conductive Microparticles for a Pressure‐Mediated Chemiresistive Sensor Platform
Authors: Choi Song‐Ee , Park Daehwan , Hwang Hyejin , Seo Minjeong , Lee Duho , Jeong Unyong , Kim Jin Woong
Published: July 2020

A platform is introduced for pressure‐mediated chemiresistive glucose sensing based on a 2D array of glucose‐conjugating silver nanowire (AgNW)‐deposited conductive microparticles (AgCMPs). Glucose‐conjugating AgCMPs, as transducers of the sensors, are fabricated by decorating the surface of monodisperse polyurethane elastomeric MPs with AgNWs by layer‐by‐layer deposition. Then, the AgNWs are covalently bonded to 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (4‐MPBA) to endow them with chemiresistive glucose sensing property against the applied pressure. The 4‐MPBA‐functionalized AgCMPs are positioned with high accuracy on a hole‐patterned stencil film placed between electrodes. Using this sensor system, it is shown that the current induced by the application of constant pressure to the sensor film at a given supply voltage varies linearly with the glucose concentration before and after critical glucose bridging concentration. Notably, the AgCMP‐based chemiresistive sensors could detect glucose over a wide concentration range from 0.56 × 10−6 m to 56 × 10−3 m with remarkable sensitivity and selectivity.
Programmed Wrapping and Assembly of Droplets with Mesoscale Polymers
Authors: Barber Dylan M. , Yang Zhefei , Prévost Lucas , du Roure Olivia , Lindner Anke , Emrick Todd , Crosby Alfred J.
Published: July 2020

Nature is remarkably adept at using interfaces to build structures, encapsulate reagents, and regulate biological processes. Inspired by nature, flexible polymer‐based ribbons, termed “mesoscale polymers” (MSPs), are described to modulate interfacial interactions with liquid droplets. This produces unprecedented hybrid assemblies in the forms of flagellum‐like structures and MSP‐wrapped droplets. Successful preparation of these hybrid structures hinges on interfacial interactions and tailored MSP compositions, such as MSPs with domains possessing distinctly different affinity for fluid–fluid interfaces as well as mechanical properties. In situ measurements of MSP–droplet interactions confirm that MSPs possess a negligible bending stiffness, allowing interfacial energy to drive mesoscale assembly. By exploiting these interfacial driving forces, mesoscale polymers are demonstrated as a powerful platform that underpins the preparation of sophisticated hybrid structures in fluids.
Sequencing and Welding of Molecular Single‐Crystal Optical Waveguides
Authors: Catalano Luca , Berthaud Julien , Dushaq Ghada , Karothu Durga Prasad , Rezgui Rachid , Rasras Mahmoud , Ferlay Sylvie , Hosseini Mir Wais , Naumov Panče
Published: July 2020

Molecular crystals are promising anisotropic optical transducing media for next‐generation optoelectronic microdevices that will be capable of secure transduction of information and impervious to external electromagnetic interference. However, their full potential has not been explored yet due to their poor processability, low mechanical compliance, pronounced brittleness and high proneness to cracking that often result in irrecoverable damage. These issues are detrimental to their ability to transduce light. Here, a novel strategy is presented based on 3D epitaxial crystal growth of organic/inorganic crystals based on charge‐assisted hydrogen bonds that can be used to efficiently weld broken molecular single‐crystalline optical waveguides and restore their light‐transducing capability. This approach can also be applied to prepare asymmetric multidomain crystalline heterostructures starting from isostructural molecular tectons, resulting in novel opto/electro/mechanical functionalities in the hybrid materials. It also removes an important obstacle toward wider application of molecular crystals in the next‐generation optoelectronics.
Engineering MoS2 Nanosheets on Spindle‐Like α‐Fe2O3 as High‐Performance Core–Shell Pseudocapacitive Anodes for Fiber‐Shaped Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Man Ping , Zhang Qichong , Zhou Zhenyu , Chen Mengxiao , Yang Jiao , Wang Zhe , Wang Zhixun , He Bing , Li Qiulong , Gong Wenbin , Lu Weibang , Yao Yagang , Wei Lei
Published: July 2020

Fiber‐shaped aqueous lithium‐ion capacitors (FALICs) featured with high energy and power densities together with outstanding safety characteristics are emerging as promising electrochemical energy‐storage devices for future portable and wearable electronics. However, the lack of high‐capacitance fibrous anodes is a major bottleneck to achieve high performance FALICs. Here, hierarchical MoS2@α‐Fe2O3 core–shell heterostructures consisting of spindle‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 cores and MoS2 nanosheet shells on a carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) are successfully fabricated. Originating from the unique core/shell architecture and prominent synergetic effects for multi‐components, the resulting MoS2@α‐Fe2O3/CNTF anode delivers a remarkable specific capacitance of 2077.5 mF cm−2 (554.0 F cm−3) at 2 mA cm−2, substantially outperforming most of the previously reported fibrous anode materials. Further density functional theory calculations reveal that the MoS2@α‐Fe2O3 nano‐heterostructure possesses better electrical conductivity and stronger adsorption energy of Li+ than those of the individual MoS2 and α‐Fe2O3. By paring with the self‐standing LiCoO2/CNTF battery‐type cathode, a prototype quasi‐solid‐state FALIC with a maximum operating voltage of 2.0 V is constructed, achieving impressive specific capacitance (253.1 mF cm−2) and admirable energy density (39.6 mWh cm−3). Additionally, the newly developed FALICs can be woven into the flexible textile to power wearable electronics. This work presents a novel effective strategy to design high‐performance anode materials for next‐generation wearable ALICs.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Computational Nanotoxicology: Unlocking and Empowering Nanomedicine
Authors: Singh Ajay Vikram , Ansari Mohammad Hasan Dad , Rosenkranz Daniel , Maharjan Romi Singh , Kriegel Fabian L. , Gandhi Kaustubh , Kanase Anurag , Singh Rishabh , Laux Peter , Luch Andreas
Published: July 2020

Advances in nanomedicine, coupled with novel methods of creating advanced materials at the nanoscale, have opened new perspectives for the development of healthcare and medical products. Special attention must be paid toward safe design approaches for nanomaterial‐based products. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) gifted the computational tool for enhancing and improving the simulation and modeling process for nanotoxicology and nanotherapeutics. In particular, the correlation of in vitro generated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to in vivo application scenarios is an important step toward the development of safe nanomedicinal products. This review portrays how in vitro and in vivo datasets are used in in silico models to unlock and empower nanomedicine. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)‐based in silico methods along with dosimetry models as a focus area for nanomedicine are mainly described. The computational OMICS, colloidal particle determination, and algorithms to establish dosimetry for inhalation toxicology, and quantitative structure–activity relationships at nanoscale (nano‐QSAR) are revisited. The challenges and opportunities facing the blind spots in nanotoxicology in this computationally dominated era are highlighted as the future to accelerate nanomedicine clinical translation.
Bidirectional Catalysts for Liquid–Solid Redox Conversion in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Ruochen , Luo Chong , Wang Tianshuai , Zhou Guangmin , Deng Yaqian , He Yanbing , Zhang Qianfan , Kang Feiyu , Lv Wei , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: July 2020

Accelerated conversion by catalysis is a promising way to inhibit shuttling of soluble polysulfides in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, but most of the reported catalysts work only for one direction sulfur reaction (reduction or oxidation), which is still not a root solution since fast cycled use of sulfur species is not finally realized. A bidirectional catalyst design, oxide–sulfide heterostructure, is proposed to accelerate both reduction of soluble polysulfides and oxidation of insoluble discharge products (e.g., Li2S), indicating a fundamental way for improving both the cycling stability and sulfur utilization. Typically, a TiO2–Ni3S2 heterostructure is prepared by in situ growing TiO2 nanoparticles on Ni3S2 surface and the intimately bonded interfaces are the key for bidirectional catalysis. For reduction, TiO2 traps while Ni3S2 catalytically converts polysulfides. For oxidation, TiO2 and Ni3S2 both show catalytic activity for Li2S dissolution, refreshing the catalyst surface. The produced sulfur cathode with TiO2–Ni3S2 delivers a low capacity decay of 0.038% per cycle for 900 cycles at 0.5C and specially, with a sulfur loading of 3.9 mg cm−2, achieves a high capacity retention of 65% over 500 cycles at 0.3C. This work unlocks how a bidirectional catalyst works for boosting Li–S batteries approaching practical uses.
Organic‐Salt‐Assisted Crystal Growth and Orientation of Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites for Solar Cells with Efficiency over 19%
Authors: Lai Hongtao , Lu Di , Xu Zhiyuan , Zheng Nan , Xie Zengqi , Liu Yongsheng
Published: July 2020

Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn significant attention due to their appealing environmental stability compared to their 3D counterparts. However, the relatively low power conversion efficiency (PCE) greatly limits their applications. Here, high photovoltaic performance is demonstrated for quasi‐2D RP PSCs using 2‐thiophenemethylammonium as spacer with nominal n‐value of 5, which is based on the stoichiometry of the precursors. The incorporation of formamidinium (FA) in quasi‐2D RP perovskites reduces the bandgap and improves the light absorption ability, resulting in enlarged photocurrent and an increased PCE of 16.18%, which is higher than that of reported analogous methylammonium (MA)‐based quasi‐2D PSC (≈15%). A record high PCE of 19.06% is further demonstrated by using an organic salt, namely, 4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylammonium iodide, assisted crystal growth (OACG) technique, which can induce the crystal growth and orientation, tune the surface energy levels, and suppress the charge recombination losses. More importantly, the devices based on OACG‐processed quasi‐2D RP perovskites show remarkable environmental stability and thermal stability, for example, the PCE retaining ≈96% of its initial value after storage at 80 °C for 576 h, while only ≈37% of the original efficiency left for FAPbI3‐based

3D PSCs.
Charge Trapping‐Based Electricity Generator (CTEG): An Ultrarobust and High Efficiency Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting from Water Droplets
Authors: Wu Hao , Mendel Niels , van der Ham Stijn , Shui Lingling , Zhou Guofu , Mugele Frieder
Published: July 2020

Strategies toward harvesting energy from water movements are proposed in recent years. Reverse electrowetting allows high efficiency energy generation, but requires external electric field. Triboelectric nanogenerators, as passive energy harvesting devices, are limited by the unstable and low density of tribo‐charges. Here, a charge trapping‐based electricity generator (CTEG) is proposed for passive energy harvesting from water droplets with high efficiency. The hydrophobic fluoropolymer films utilized in CTEG are pre‐charged by a homogeneous electrowetting‐assisted charge injection (h‐EWCI) method, allowing an ultrahigh negative charge density of 1.8 mC m−2. By utilizing a dedicated designed circuit to connect the bottom electrode and top electrode of a Pt wire, instantaneous currents beyond 2 mA, power density above 160 W m−2, and energy harvesting efficiency over 11% are achieved from continuously falling water droplets. CTEG devices show excellent robustness for energy harvesting from water drops, without appreciable degradation for intermittent testing during 100 days. These results exceed previously reported values by far. The approach is not only applicable for energy harvesting from water droplets or wave‐like oscillatory fluid motion, but also opens up avenues toward other applications requiring passive electric responses, such as diverse sensors and wearable devices.
Optical Pliers: Micrometer‐Scale, Light‐Driven Tools Grown on Optical Fibers
Authors: Zmyślony Michał , Dradrach Klaudia , Haberko Jakub , Nałęcz‐Jawecki Paweł , Rogóż Mikołaj , Wasylczyk Piotr
Published: July 2020

The ability to grip and handle small objects, from sub‐millimeter electronic components to single‐micrometer living cells, is vital for numerous ever‐shrinking technologies. Mechanical grippers, powered by electric, pneumatic, hydraulic or piezoelectric servos, are well suited for the job at larger scales, but their complexity and need for force transmission prevent their miniaturization and remote control in tight spaces. Using liquid crystal elastomer microstructures that can change shape quickly and reversibly in response to light, a light‐powered gripping tool—optical pliers—is built by growing two bending jaws on the tips of optical fibers. By delivering UV light to trigger polymerization via a micrometer‐size fiber core, structures of similar size can be made without resorting to any microfabrication technology, such as laser photolithography. The tool is operated using visible light energy supplied through the fibers, with no force transmission. The elastomer growth technique readily offers micrometer‐scale, remotely controlled functional structures with different modes of actuation as building blocks for the microtoolbox.
Tailoring Artificial Mode to Enable Cofired Integration of Shear‐type Piezoelectric Devices
Authors: Yang Jikun , Huan Qiang , Yu Yang , Wu Jingen , Chu Zhaoqiang , PourhosseiniAsl MohammadJavad , Li Faxin , Dong Shuxiang
Published: July 2020

Low‐temperature cofired ceramic technology is the prerequisite for producing advanced integrated piezoelectric devices that enable modern micro‐electromechanical systems because of merits such as high level of compactness and ultralow drive voltage. However, piezoceramic structure with shear‐type outputs, as a most fundamental functional electronic element, has never been successfully fabricated into multilayer form by the cofired method for decades. Technical manufacture requirements of parallel applied electric fields and polarization are theoretically incompatible with intrinsically orthogonal orientations in naturally occurring shear modes. Herein, inspired by the philosophy of building metamaterial from identical unit cells, an artificial prototype device with distinctive patterned electrodes and arrayed piezoceramic subunits is designed and fabricated, which is proved to perfectly generate synthetic face shear deformation. At the same drive voltage, an enhanced shear‐type displacement output by over an order of magnitude is observed beyond previous d15‐mode bulk elements. Further results of guided wave‐based structural health monitoring and force sensing confirm that the methodology wipes out a tough piezoelectric technique barrier, and promises to fundamentally enlighten advances of integrated shear‐mode piezoelectric devices for augmented actuation, sensing, and transduction applications.
Analysis of the local well‐posedness of optimization‐constrained differential equations by local optimality conditions
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Ploch Tobias , Noack Stephan , Wiechert Wolfgang , Mitsos Alexander , von Lieres Eric
Published: July 2020

Optimization‐constrained differential equations (OCDE) are a class of mathematical problems where differential equations are constrained by an embedded algebraic optimization problem. We analyze the well‐posedness of the local solutions of OCDE based on local optimality. By assuming linear independence constraint qualification and applying the Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker optimality conditions, an OCDE is transformed into a complementarity system (CS). Under second‐order sufficient condition we show that (a) if strict complementary condition (SCC) holds, the local solution of OCDE is well‐posed, which corresponds to a mode of the derived CS; (b) at points where SCC is violated, a local solution of OCDE exists by sequentially connecting the local solutions of two selected modes of the derived CS. We propose an event‐based algorithm to numerically solve OCDE. We illustrate the approach and algorithm for microbial cultivation, single flash unit and contrived numerical examples.
A data‐driven optimization algorithm for differential algebraic equations with numerical infeasibilities
Authors: Beykal Burcu , Onel Melis , Onel Onur , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N.
Published: July 2020

Support vector machines (SVMs) based optimization framework is presented for the data‐driven optimization of numerically infeasible differential algebraic equations (DAEs) without the full discretization of the underlying first‐principles model. By formulating the stability constraint of the numerical integration of a DAE system as a supervised classification problem, we are able to demonstrate that SVMs can accurately map the boundary of numerical infeasibility. The necessity of this data‐driven approach is demonstrated on a two‐dimensional motivating example, where highly accurate SVM models are trained, validated, and tested using the data collected from the numerical integration of DAEs. Furthermore, this methodology is extended and tested for a multidimensional case study from reaction engineering (i.e., thermal cracking of natural gas liquids). The data‐driven optimization of this complex case study is explored through integrating the SVM models with a constrained global grey‐box optimization algorithm, namely the ARGONAUT framework.
Method of mass production of monodisperse microbubbles aided by intense pressure gradients
Authors: Sánchez Quintero Enrique , Gordillo Jose M.
Published: July 2020

Here we present a method for producing noncoalescing monodisperse microbubbles in an efficient, massive and controlled way. Since our prototype is easily scalable, it can be straightforwardly adapted to satisfy the specific gas injection demands required by the different applications where it can be used, like bioreactors or water treatment or purification plants. The main feature of the bubbling device described here consists of injecting the gas at the leading edge of a wing in relative motion with respect to a liquid. The reasons for this particular design relies on the smallness of the drag coefficient of streamlined bodies and also on the fact that the strongest favorable pressure gradients and the minimum values of the liquid pressures are located at the leading edge of the airfoils composing the wing.
Spinal muscular atrophy and Farber disease due to ASAH1 variants: A case report
Authors: Lee Bo Hoon , Mongiovi Phillip , Levade Thierry , Marston Bethany , Mountain Joan , Ciafaloni Emma
Published: July 2020

Genetic variations in the ASAH1 gene are associated with a spectrum of disorders ranging from Farber disease (FD) to spinal muscular atrophy with or without progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA‐PME). FD presents most commonly in infants with subcutaneous joint nodules, progressive arthritis and granulomas of the larynx and epiglottis leading to a hoarse cry. SMA‐PME is characterized by childhood onset progressive weakness due to motor neuron disease followed by progressive epilepsy, tremor, and sensorineural hearing loss. We present a case of a 4‐year‐old boy with phenotypic features of both FD and SMA who was found to have two previously unreported heterozygous variants in the ASAH1 gene.
Characteristics and subgroups of frequent emergency department users in an academic hospital in Japan
Authors: Osawa Itsuki , Sato Takuya , Goto Tadahiro , Sonoo Tomohiro , Iwai Satoshi , Nakajima Susumu
Published: July 2020

Aim

Frequent emergency department (ED) users increase the burden on EDs. However, little is known about the characteristics and subgroups of frequent ED users in Japan.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data on patients who had visited the ED of an academic hospital in Japan between 2014 and 2015. We identified adult frequent ED users (four or more ED visits within 365 days prior to one’s last visit) and sampled adult non‐frequent ED users. We compared these groups to delineate the characteristics of frequent ED users and examined the association between frequent ED use and hospitalization rates. Additionally, to identify latent subgroups of frequent ED users, we undertook a cluster analysis.

Results

We identified 259 frequent ED users and 297 non‐frequent ED users from 9,546 patients who had visited the ED in 2015. Frequent ED users accounted for 8.2% of all ED visits. Frequent ED users tended to be older, have comorbidities, and be receiving public assistance compared to non‐frequent ED users. There was a significant association between frequent ED use and higher hospitalization rates, which was partially attributable to (older) age and comorbidities. In the cluster analysis, we identified four subgroups of frequent ED users: (i) older patients with malignant tumors and the highest hospitalization rates, (ii) patients with mental illnesses and the lowest hospitalization rates, (iii) patients who were at risk of cardiovascular diseases, (iv) others.

Conclusions

Frequent ED users tended to be older and have comorbidities. Four latent subgroups of frequent ED users were identified.
The Distinct Traits of the UNC13A Polymorphism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Tan Harold H. G. , Westeneng Henk‐Jan , van der Burgh Hannelore K. , van Es Michael A. , Bakker Leonhard A. , van Veenhuijzen Kevin , van Eijk Kristel R. , van Eijk Ruben P. A. , Veldink Jan H. , van den Berg Leonard H.
Published: July 2020

Objective

The rs12608932 single nucleotide polymorphism in UNC13A is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) susceptibility, and may underlie differences in treatment response. We aimed to characterize the clinical, cognitive, behavioral, and neuroimaging phenotype of UNC13A in patients with ALS.

Methods

We included 2,216 patients with ALS without a C9orf72 mutation to identify clinical characteristics associated with the UNC13A polymorphism. A subcohort of 428 patients with ALS was used to study cognitive and behavioral profiles, and 375 patients to study neuroimaging characteristics. Associations were analyzed under an additive genetic model.

Results

Genotyping rs12608932 resulted in 854 A/A, 988 A/C, and 374 C/C genotypes. The C allele was associated with a higher age at symptom onset (median years A/A 63.5, A/C 65.6, and C/C 65.5; p < 0.001), more frequent bulbar onset (A/A 29.6%, A/C 31.8%, and C/C 43.1%; p < 0.001), higher incidences of ALS‐FTD (A/A 4.3%, A/C 5.2%, and C/C 9.5%; p = 0.003), lower forced vital capacity at diagnosis (median percentage A/A 92.0, A/C 90.0, and C/C 86.5; p < 0.001), and a shorter survival (median in months A/A 33.3, A.C 30.7, and C/C 26.6; p < 0.001). UNC13A was associated with lower scores on ALS‐specific cognition tests (means A/A 79.5, A/C 78.1, and C/C 76.6; p = 0.037), and more frequent behavioral disturbances (A/A 16.7%, A/C 24.4%, and C/C 27.7%; p = 0.045). Thinner left inferior temporal and right fusiform cortex were associated with the UNC13A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; p = 0.045 and p = 0.036).

Interpretation

Phenotypical distinctions associated with UNC13A make it an important factor to take into account in clinical trial design, studies on cognition and behavior, and prognostic counseling. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:796–806
Planting Repulsion Centers for Faster Ionic Diffusion in Superionic Conductors
Authors: Oh Kyungbae , Kang Kisuk
Published: July 2020

The successful launch of solid‐state batteries relies on the discovery of solid electrolytes with remarkably high ionic conductivity. Extensive efforts have identified several important superionic conductors (SICs) and broadened our understanding of their superionic conductivity. Herein, we propose a new design strategy to facilitate ionic conduction in SICs by planting immobile repulsion centers. Our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on the model system Na11Sn2PS12 demonstrate that the sodium ionic conductivity can be increased by approximately one order of magnitude by simply doping large Cs ions as repulsion centers in the characteristic vacant site of Na11Sn2PS12. Planting immobile repulsion centers locally induces the formation of high‐energy sites, leading to a fast track for ionic conduction owing to the unique interactions among mobile ions in SICs. Seemingly non‐intuitive approaches tailor the ionic diffusion by exploiting these immobile repulsion centers.
Encapsulation of N‐heterocyclic carbene–gold (I) catalysts within magnetic core/shell silica gels: A reusable alkyne hydration catalyst
Authors: Öztürk Bengi Özgün , Çetinel Begüm , Karabulut Şehitoğlu Solmaz
Published: July 2020

In this study, N‐heterocyclic carbene–Au(I) complex, chloro[1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene]gold (I), was successfully encapsulated within mesopores of a magnetic core/shell (γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2) silica gel through post‐pore‐size reduction by silylation reactions The post‐reduction of the pore size not only minimizes the catalyst leaching during the alkyne hydration reactions but also eliminates any need for covalent modification of the catalyst or support surface. The resulting catalyst exhibits high activity in hydration reactions of various alkynes even under low catalytic loadings. The catalyst can be easily recycled from the reaction mixture using a magnet and can be reused in alkyne hydration reactions up to six times with only 52. wt% Au leaching.
Zinc(II)‐poly(urea‐formaldehyde) supported on magnetic nanoparticles: A hybrid nanocatalyst for green synthesis of spiropyrans, spiroxanthenes, and spiropyrimidines
Authors: Bodaghifard Mohammad Ali , Mousavi Zahra
Published: July 2020

Immobilization of metal ions onto inorganic supports has very interesting biological, industrial, and catalysis applications. In this study, CoFe2O4@SiO2@PUF@Zn(OAc)2 nanostructure was successfully fabricated by immobilization of zinc acetate on the surface of poly(urea‐formaldehyde) supported on magnetic CoFe2O4@SiO2 nanoparticles through a layer‐by‐layer assembly. The structure of hybrid nanoparticles was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Zinc‐poly(urea‐formaldehyde) supported on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs@SiO2@PUF@Zn) was successfully used for the synthesis of spirooxindolopyran and spirooxindoloxanthene derivatives in aqueous medium as an environmentally benign condition. High yields, short reaction times, green solvent, reusability without significant reduction in catalytic activity, and simple separation of the catalyst using an external magnet along with environmental compatibility are some benefits of this procedure.
A novel magnetically separable laccase‐mediator catalyst system for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols and 2‐substituted‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones under mild conditions
Authors: Shokri Zahra , Azimi Nahid , Moradi Sirvan , Rostami Amin
Published: July 2020

In this study, a magnetically reusable artificial metalloenzyme has been constructed by co‐immobilization of palladium nanoparticles as a strong oxidizing catalyst and laccase as an oxygen‐activating enzyme into the cavities of magnetic mesocellular foams silica (Pd‐Laccase@MMCF). The combination of Pd‐Laccase@MMCF and hydroquinone (HQ) act as electron‐transfer mediator system and make stepwise electron transfer from substrate to molecular oxygen. This catalyst system was used for the aerobic (i) oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds and (ii) dehydrogenation of 2‐substituted‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones in phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.5, 4 mL)/THF (4%, 1 mL) as solvent under mild conditions. The co‐immobilization of both laccase and Pd onto high surface area mesoporous support, high catalytic activity and magnetically separable and reusable make the present catalyst system superior to other currently available electron‐transfer mediator systems.