bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social entrepreneurship among participants in the students in free enterprise program
Authors: Othman Norasmah , Ab Wahid Hariyaty
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to identify social entrepreneurship dimensions that emphasize the specific personal characteristics of social entrepreneurs (SPCSE) and social entrepreneurship organization (SEO) among students in higher education institutions who are active participants of the Students in Free Enterprise (SIFE) program in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

– Quantitative approaches and instruments were used to analyze the profile of social entrepreneurship in this cross-sectional survey study, which involved 394 active SIFE students in Malaysia in 2011. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data and describe the SIFE student's SPCSE and SEO.

Findings

– The social entrepreneurship of the SIFE students was high, with a dominant SEO. However, the dimensions of SPCSE need to be applied effectively to the students involved, whose social entrepreneurship was merely moderate. There was a strong positive relationship between SPCSE and SEO of SIFE students, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.73.

Research limitations/implications

– It is recommended that further longitudinal research be conducted to assess the depth of the impact of social entrepreneurship on SIFE students. In this manner, more useful information related to the impact can be leveraged to improve the pattern of the social entrepreneurship program.

Practical implications

– The SIFE participants’ social entrepreneurship profile can be used by the Ministry of Higher Education in formulating social entrepreneurship policy for higher education institutions. The Malaysia SIFE Foundation and the administrators of higher education institutions should encourage more university students to participate in SIFE program to increase the number of social entrepreneurs who will help solve social, economic, and environmental problems.

Originality/value

– There has been no discussions of the social entrepreneurship programs in Malaysia. This paper attempts to fill the current gap.
Accounting curriculum and market needs
Authors: Mandilas Athanasios , Kourtidis Dimitrios , Petasakis Yiannis
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the accounting curriculum fits business demand. More specifically, it determines competencies that Greek companies demand from higher education[1] graduates and addresses any mismatches between the market's needs and the academic accounting/business curriculum through a survey in Greece.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using a survey to reveal their perceptions’ differences, the sample included 166 students, 25 lecturers/professors from a department of Accounting and Finance (Higher Education) and 155 companies.

Findings

– The results provide evidence that all these groups have different perceptions of the curriculum.

Practical implications

– The study suggests ways to improve the academic accounting curriculum.

Originality/value

– To the best of the authors knowledge, there is not any previous study that examines these parameters in Greece.
A potential generation gap: perspectives on female leadership
Authors: Eileen Holden Kathryn , M. Raffo Deana
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to examine the potential relationship between generational membership and perspectives on female leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

– Participants from Generation X (birth years from 1961 to 1980) and Generation Y (birth years from 1981 to 2000) rated 10 descriptor words, which came from Kouzes and Posner’s ten most admired leadership characteristics. Participants were put into three gender conditions: rating a male leader, female leader or gender-neutral leader.

Findings

– Differences did not emerge for the gender conditions, probably due to the methodology implemented. However, findings indicated that Generation X members admired competency and honesty more than Generation Y members, while Generation Y members admired ambitiousness and determination more than Generation X members.

Social implications

– By examining the perceptions of different generations, we can begin to track potential changes in this country’s perspective on female leadership.

Originality/value

– This study addresses how generation may be specifically linked to attitudes toward leadership; however, few empirical research projects have been done on the subject. Because this area of research has not been explored thoroughly, the present study has the potential to yield new and illuminating results. The present study may be one of the first steps in determining if our views on female leadership are changing.
A brief overview of evolutionary developmental robotics
Authors: Xu Bo , Min Huaqing , Xiao Fangxiong
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This article aims to provide a brief overview of the field now known as “evolutionary developmental robotics (evo-devo-robo)”, which is based on the concept and principles of evolutionary and development principles such as evolutionary developmental psychology, evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) and evolutionary cognitive neuroscience.

Design/methodology/approach

– Evo-devo-robo is a new field bringing together developmental robotics and evolutionary robotics to form a new research area. Basic concepts and the origins of the field are described, and then some basic principles of evo-devo-robo that have been developed so far are discussed.

Findings

– Finally, some misunderstand concepts and the most promising future research developments in this area are discussed.

Originality/value

– Basic concepts and the origins of the field are described, and then some basic principles of evo-devo-robo that have been developed so far are discussed. Finally, some misunderstood concepts and the most promising future research developments in this area are discussed.
A novel human-robot interface using hybrid sensors with Kalman filters
Authors: Zhang Ping , Du Guanglong , Li Di
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The aim of this paper is to present a novel methodology which incorporates Camshift, Kalman filter (KFs) and adaptive multi-space transformation (AMT) for a human-robot interface, which perfects human intelligence and teleoperation.

Design/methodology/approach

– In the proposed method, an inertial measurement unit is used to measure the orientation of the human hand, and a Camshift algorithm is used to track the human hand using a three-dimensional camera. Although the location and the orientation of the human can be obtained from the two sensors, the measurement error increases over time due to the noise of the devices and the tracking errors. KFs are used to estimate the location and the orientation of the human hand. Moreover, to be subject to the perceptive limitations and the motor limitations, human operator is hard to carry out the high precision operation. An AMT method is proposed to assist the operator to improve accuracy and reliability in determining the pose of the robot.

Findings

– The experimental results show that this method would not hinder most natural human-limb motion and allows the operator to concentrate on his/her own task. Compared with the non-contacting marker-less method (Kofman et al., 2007), this method proves more accurate and stable.

Originality/value

– The human-robot interface system was experimentally verified in a laboratory environment, and the results indicate that such a system can complete high-precision manipulation efficiently.
A new robot skin for force and position detection
Authors: Wu Haibin , Su Yixian , Shi Jinjin , Li Jinwen , Ye Jinhua
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The aim of the research is to achieve a robot skin which is easy to use, and can detect both position and force interacted between robot and environments.

Design/methodology/approach

– The new type of robot skin proposed in this paper includes two functional modules – contact position sensor and contact force sensor. The contact position sensor module is based on the resistor divider principle, which consists of two perpendicular conductive fiber layers and insulated dot spacer between them. The contact force sensor module is based on capacitance change theory, which consists of two soft conductive plates and a viscoelastic layer between them. By combining the two modules, the soft robot skin was designed.

Findings

– Simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the proposed robot skin design is feasible and effective enough to sense contact position and contact force simultaneously.

Practical implications

– This robot skin is low-cost and easy to make and use, which provides safety solutions for most of the robot.

Originality/value

– For the first time, an integrated robot skin which can get contact position and force information simultaneously is designed. Unlike general tactile sensor matrices, this robot skin has only six leads. Furthermore, the number of leads does not increase with the enlarging of sensor area. Soft and simple structure of the robot skin makes it possible to cover any region of the robot body.
Robot innovation brings to agriculture efficiency, safety, labor savings and accuracy by plowing, milking, harvesting, crop tending/picking and monitoring
Authors: Bloss Richard
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to review the dramatic entry of robotics into the field of agriculture.

Design/methodology/approach

– Research of efforts around the world to apply robots to agricultural needs and participation in webcasts of the latest in agricultural robotic development projects.

Findings

– Robots are enabling many new and innovative methodologies for performing traditional agricultural tasks of all types. Providing saving in labor, improved performance and faster field coverage.

Practical implications

– Readers may be very surprised at the many tasks that robots are already addressing in the agricultural field around the world and the way just applications can have major benefits to farming.

Originality/value

– A review of the wide range of the innovative application of robots to agricultural tasks worldwide.
The Pransky interview: Dr Yoky Matsuoka, Vice President Technology, Nest Labs
Authors: Pransky Joanne
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market.

Design/methodology/approach

– The interviewee is Dr Yoky Matsuoka, the Vice President of Nest Labs. Matsuoka describes her career journey that led her from a semi-professional tennis player who wanted to build a robot tennis buddy, to a pioneer of neurobotics who then applied her multidisciplinary research in academia to the development of a mass-produced intelligent home automation device.

Findings

– Dr Matsuoka received a BS degree from the University of California, Berkeley and an MS and PhD in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She was also a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT and in Mechanical Engineering at Harvard University. Dr Matsuoka was formerly the Torode Family Endowed Career Development Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington (UW), Director of the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering and Ana Loomis McCandless Professor of Robotics and Mechanical Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. In 2010, she joined Google X as one of its three founding members. She then joined Nest as VP of Technology.

Originality/value

– Dr Matsuoka built advanced robotic prosthetic devices and designed complementary rehabilitation strategies that enhanced the mobility of people with manipulation disabilities. Her novel work has made significant scientific and engineering contributions in the combined fields of mechanical engineering, neuroscience, bioengineering, robotics and computer science. Dr Matsuoka was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in which she used the Genius Award money to establish a nonprofit corporation, YokyWorks, to continue developing engineering solutions for humans with physical disabilities. Other awards include the Emerging Inventor of the Year, UW Medicine; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Early Academic Career Award; Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers; and numerous others. She leads the development of the learning and control technology for the Nest smoke detector and Thermostat, which has saved the USA hundreds of billions of dollars in energy expenses. Nest was sold to Google in 2013 for a record $3.2 billion dollars in cash.
Determinants of changes in share prices in banking sector of Pakistan
Authors: Mohammad Khan Ghauri Shahid
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– Over the past many years ago, lot of work has been completed by the researchers trying to understand the relationship between different factors and stock exchange prices. The author has tried to explain different factors that affect share prices. The purpose of this paper is to know about the impact of size, dividend, profitability, asset growth of 15 Pakistani banks on share price on the basis of previous behavior of all the variables with each other.

Design/methodology/approach

– A sample of 15 banks has been selected from Karachi stock exchange for the period of 2008-2011, Arch-Garch and unit root cannot be applied to check the stationarity and volatility due to small sample size. The analysis utilized fixed effect regression model, the test includes regressing the dependent variable SP (share price) and independent variables size, DY (dividend yield), ROA (return on asset), and AG (asset growth).

Findings

– Results show that “size” has a positive significant relationship with the share price while the other variables have insignificant relationship.

Originality/value

– This paper helps in determination of the factors that affect share price fluctuations in banking sector of Pakistan. The similar affects can be observed in financial sector in other countries.
Determinants of innovation in the handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga: an empirical analysis from a tourism perspective
Authors: Naidu Suwastika , Chand Anand , Southgate Paul
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data for this study was collected via face-to-face interviews with handicraft sellers in Fiji and Tonga. In total, 368 interviews were conducted in Fiji and Tonga out of which, 48 was from Tonga and 320 was from Fiji.

Findings

– The results of this study show that eight factors; namely, value adding, design uniqueness, new product development, cultural uniqueness, advanced technology, experience of owner, ability of owner to adapt to trends in market and quality of raw materials have significant impact on level of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga.

Originality/value

– To date, none of the existing studies have examined determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of the Pacific Island countries. This is a pioneering study that examines determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga.
Korean entrepreneurs in Kansas City metropolitan area
Authors: Shin Kyoung-Ho
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to examines the pattern of linkage between Korean immigrant business community in the Kansas City area and global forces by focusing on how an immigrant community has transformed and reacted to the global trends of business transaction.

Design/methodology/approach

– The data on Korean entrepreneurs in the Kansas City area was obtained from the semi-structured and informal interviews with Korean community leaders, Korean businessmen and customers who use Korean grocery markets in the Kansas City area. This study also utilizes documents on Korean and Asian ethnic community and neighborhood relations in news media. It analyzes entrepreneurial strategy and business transactions of Korean immigrant community and its relations to global trends using the Directory of Korean Entrepreneurs of Greater Kansas City Area in different points of time: 1990, 2006 and 2011.

Findings

– The types of businesses observed in the Directory of Korean Business in Greater Kansas City area have changed significantly over time (see Table I). The number of businesses has increased from 181 in 1990 to 281 in 2006 and 197 in 2011, and the business types became diversified from 29 in 1990 to 38 in 2006 and 36 in 2011. The grocery stores and restaurants in community were adapting to global tends to survive by upscaling and diversifying items and targeting customers. Beauty aid supply business remains solid by maintaining globalized business transactions of purchasing and distribution.

Research limitations/implications

– Based on interviews, this study needs to be extended to other Midwestern cities and Chicago, as a global city, to objectively examine the mode of intersection between globalness and ethnic locality within immigrant communities.

Originality/value

– This study explores specifically how a transnational community of Korean entrepreneurs in the Kansas City is reacting and adjusting to global trends by probing the strategies of each business segments of grocery store, restaurants and beauty aid supply business.
Approaching rural firm growth: a literature review
Authors: Tunberg Maria
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This review investigates the extent and content of research into rural firm growth, and identifies and describes various approaches to studying firm growth.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper is guided by the systematic literature review framework which, combined with a qualitative assessment, ensures a rigorous review. An initial set of 200 peer reviewed articles was included in the review. During the quality assessment stage this set was reduced to 50 articles which were analysed in depth.

Findings

– Three approaches to firm growth are identified and explored, focusing on the output, process and context of firm growth. The results further indicate increasing interest in rural firm growth and identify six themes constituting the research field.

Originality/value

– Firm growth is advocated as a solution to development challenges, especially in rural settings. However, the firm growth literature is dominated by outcome-based research, often focused on technology-based businesses in dynamic urban regions, whose results are not easily transferable to rural contexts. This review contributes by mapping the current state of knowledge in the field, by articulating and discussing taken-for-granted assumptions with regard to firm growth and by identifying three approaches to firm growth, of which the context approach is the least common but which may prove valuable to further increase in the understanding of rural firm growth.
Tailoring business model innovation towards grand challenges
Authors: Gorissen Leen , Manshoven Saskia , Vrancken Karl
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to focus on the interface between a society in transition and the role, practices and culture of businesses herein, a topic that has scarcely been researched so far. Grand challenges such as energy scarcity and resource depletion will have substantial impacts on the functioning of contemporary business models. Companies, however, still largely focus on efficiency strategies leading to sub-optimal solutions rather than radically changing their business model.

Design/methodology/approach

– It describes a project that has been run for a social enterprise in which a transition management approach was used to discover their new future role and explore new business concepts that function within the boundaries of significantly different material management principles.

Findings

– The authors discuss how this case study can contribute to the limited developed empirical research on how businesses can be more proactive in changing the way societal systems operate, and whether the approach can be relevant for transfer to the wider business community.

Practical implications

– It offers a practical approach for businesses to innovate their business model while taking into regard sustainability issues.

Originality/value

– The paper combines the transition management framework with business model innovation.
Ecology for healing and growing in a displaced world: nondirective group encounters for displaced youth
Authors: Kazanjian Christopher , Choi Su-Jin
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to discuss the importance, power, and significance of relationships and presence in non-directive group encounters for displaced children.

Design/methodology/approach

– First, the importance of relationship in not only defining but also transforming “who we are” has been discussed. Then, the conditions that can be growth-promoting were explored.

Findings

– Especially, a crucial element of growth-promoting group, i.e. presence, is discussed. The paper is concluded by discussing how these general techniques could be applied in the classroom.

Originality/value

– Among the 7.6 million newly displaced people around the world in 2012, 46% of them are aged less than 18 years. This paper proves its importance for professionals working in academia or social work for developing a methodology to engage displaced youth in growth-promoting ways.
Misdirected effort: Thorstein Veblen’s critique of advertising
Authors: Plotkin Sidney
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this essay is to argue that, for Veblen, the contribution of advertising to mature business enterprise was crucial. Although Thorstein Veblen’s Theory of the Leisure Class is widely credited with introducing the concept of “conspicuous consumption”, that book is silent on the contribution of the sales effort – or advertising – to such consumption. One must turn to Veblen’s later writings on the business system to find an analysis of advertising within oligopoly capitalism, what Veblen called the system of “absentee ownership”. At the beginning of the twentieth century business faced looming threats of technological progress and democratic discontent. The material prospect of accelerating productivity might soon “end the struggle or lessen the strain” of economic life; democracy might insist that the industrial system serve social needs in efficient ways. To ward off such challenges, business developed a two-prong approach to perpetuate scarcity: carefully managed control of output and an increasingly insistent, rationalized and expensive sales effort. The growth of advertising reflected a systematic expenditure of energy, talent and resources on a misdirection of human effort, one whose chief effect was to prolong “the strain” of everyday life in futile pursuit of waste. Whether such irrationality could be sustained indefinitely, or whether it might finally undermine the society that propels its pursuit, is an issue that Veblen raises, but to which he refuses to give any final answer.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper analyzes the full range of Veblen’s theoretical writings on consumption, technology and the sales effort.

Findings

– The paper insists that Veblen is the first radical political economist to provide a systematic critical analysis of advertising as an essential element of mature capitalism.

Originality/value

– The paper connects Veblen’s earliest thinking on “conspicuous consumption” to his mature analysis of advertising in the functioning of business enterprise. It will enrich understanding among academics and students, scholars of marketing and economic and social theorists, of Veblen’s critical analysis of the evolution of consumption, production and business enterprise.
The quest for a general theory of the marketing system
Authors: Shaw Eric
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether there is significant agreement on what constitutes the essential elements for building a general theory of the marketing system.

Design/methodology/approach

– The method is an historical review of the various concepts, elements, sub-theories, axioms, components, explananda and ingredients proposed by marketing scholars over the past half century who contributed to the development of a general theory of the marketing system.

Findings

– The main finding is that despite the diversity of terms and concepts found in the marketing literature, there is considerable agreement on the essential elements necessary to build a general theory.

Originality/value

– The value of this work is in assembling and organizing the various concepts, elements, sub-theories, axioms, components, explananda and ingredients of a general theory. Scholars are encouraged to examine the pieces and re-join the quest to construct and empirically test a general theory of the marketing system.
Biodiversity reporting by New Zealand local authorities: the current state of play
Authors: Schneider Annika , Samkin Grant , Davey Howard
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to establish whether local authorities in New Zealand report biodiversity-related information and to examine the vehicles through which it is communicated.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper uses a keyword search to identify biodiversity reporting across a wide range of data sources, including local authority websites, formal accountability documents, environmental reports, environment and biodiversity management strategies, plans and policies.

Findings

– Biodiversity-related information was contained in range of documents. Reporting ranged from no mention of the term in existing statutory accountability documents (Annual Plans, Annual Reports, Long-Term Plans [LTPs] and District Plans/Regional Policy Statements), through to a comprehensive stand-alone biodiversity Annual Report and stand-alone biodiversity strategies. Regional and unitary authorities were more likely than territorial authorities to prepare and report biodiversity-related information to stakeholders. There is currently no consistent framework or method to guide local authorities in the presentation of biodiversity-related information. The lack of consistent, comparable information hinders the ability of stakeholders to assess local authority performance in the sustainable management of biodiversity in their district or region.

Research limitations/implications

– While this study does not consider quality of reporting, or reporting trends over time, it provides a picture of the “current state of play”. This provides a starting point from which further research into the preparation and reporting of biodiversity information by local authorities can be conducted.

Originality/value

– This paper represents the first of its kind within a New Zealand context. It provides an initial insight into whether local authorities prepare and report biodiversity-related information and where this information is presented.
Decision theory in sustainable supply chain management: a literature review
Authors: Alexander Anthony , Walker Helen , Naim Mohamed
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This study aims to aid theory building, the use of decision theory (DT) concepts in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) research is examined.

Design/methodology/approach

– An abductive approach considers two DT concepts, Snowden’s Cynefin framework for sense-making and Keeney’s value-focussed decision analysis, in a systematic literature review of 160 peer-reviewed papers in English.

Findings

– Around 60 per cent of the papers on decision-making in SSCM come from operational research (OR), which makes explicit use of DT. These are almost all normative and rationalist and focussed on structured decision contexts. Some exceptions seek to address unstructured decision contexts via Complex Adaptive Systems or Soft Systems Methodology. Meanwhile, a second set, around 16 per cent, comes from business ethics and are empirical, behavioural decision research. Although this set does not explicitly refer to DT, the empirical evidence here supports Keeney’s value-focussed analysis.

Research limitations/implications

– There is potential for theory building in SSCM using DT, but the research only addresses SSCM research (including corporate responsibility and ethics) and not DT in SCM or wider sustainable development research.

Practical implications

– Use of particular decision analysis methods for SSCM may be improved by better understanding different decision contexts.

Social implications

– The research shows potential synthesis with ethical DT absent from DT and SCM research.

Originality/value

– Empirical behavioural decision analysis for SSCM is considered alongside normative, rational analysis for the first time. Value-focussed DT appears useful for unstructured decision contexts found in SSCM.

Originality/value

– Empirical, behavioural decision analysis for SSCM is considered alongside normative rational analysis for the first time. Value-focussed DT appears useful for unstructured decision contexts found in SSCM.
Exploring the antecedents of preferential customer treatment by suppliers: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Hüttinger Lisa , Schiele Holger , Schröer Dennis
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to understand the factors that influence a supplier’s choice to treat selected customers more preferentially than others. Suppliers often lack the resources to treat all their customers equally, instead having to make choices to treat some customers as preferred. Empirical evidence indicates that preferential treatment by suppliers provides substantial benefits for the purchasing firm.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study applies a mixed-methods approach. First, a qualitative analysis of a sample of buyers from an automotive manufacturer was conducted. In the second step, the findings were triangulated via a quantitative survey among key account managers of the automotive firm’s suppliers.

Findings

– This paper is the first to provide quantitative data collected from a large sample of automotive suppliers about the drivers of preferential customer treatment. The authors were able to show that the growth opportunities for suppliers and customers’ operative excellence, reliability and relational behavior are factors that induce suppliers to award preferential customer treatment. In contrast, innovation potential for suppliers, customers’ support of suppliers, supplier involvement and contact accessibility do not show a significant effect on suppliers’ behavioral intentions toward preferential customer treatment.

Originality/value

– The mixed-methods approach is introduced as a form of academic enquiry in supply chain management. The factors influencing preferential customer treatment by suppliers are explored in discussions with purchasers and validated in a subsequent survey among suppliers. Recommendations for managerial practice and theory are drawn.
Digging deeper into supply risk: a systematic literature review on price risks
Authors: Fischl Maria , Scherrer-Rathje Maike , Friedli Thomas
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is both to provide an overview of existing knowledge pertaining to the management of price risks in manufacturing companies from an operations management (OM) perspective and to establish an agenda for future research. Risks related to the purchase prices of industrial consumption factors (raw materials, semi-finished/finished goods, auxiliary materials and operating materials) exert an increasing influence on manufacturing companies’ business continuity and economic sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

– A systematic literature review was conducted following the literature search approach of vom Brocke et al. (2009). In total, 138 relevant articles were identified, analysed and synthesised.

Findings

– The literature review reveals that the existing OM literature devotes little attention to price risks and their management in manufacturing companies. In particular, further empirical investigation is required to support decision-making in various risk contexts.

Social implications

– This paper emphasises that in addition to existing national resource funds and inter-company alliances, alternative concepts are required to secure both stable prices and access to natural resources. Otherwise, in the future, small- and medium-sized companies, along with companies based in countries lacking available resource funds, will not have an opportunity to engage in fair competition.

Originality/value

– To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first literature review to focus on price as a specific supply risk.
The Family Migration Visa in the History of Marriage Restrictions: Postcolonial Relations and the UK Border
Authors: Turner Joe
Published: October 2014

Research Highlights and Abstract

This article:

Provides a necessary critical reflection on the changes to the UK family migration visa 2012; Responds to the recent call made by Nick Vaughan-Williams and Victoria M. Basham in BJPIR for Critical Border Studies to better appreciate the interlocking elements of race, gender, class in border practices. It does this by also paying attention to sex; Challenges the presentism in the recent literature on border practices/immigration by situating the family migration visa in a broader history; Makes a strong contribution to the cross-over debates which are taking place in International Relations and governmentality literature regarding the postcolonial. It offers a Foucauldian analysis of government which takes colonial and postcolonial relations seriously.

This article explores the changes to the family migration visa (2012) through a history of postcolonial government. It explores how the visa shares a familiar function to previous forms of rule which targeted the household and family as a site of regulation. Under Empire, ‘marriage restrictions’ were used to manage the ‘intimate’ connections between coloniser and colonised. Over the course of the 20th century UK border regimes also targeted the intimate and the familial to regulate racial proximity. In tracing this history, I argue that the family migration visa works as a similar technique. The visa manages the intimate space of the couple, family and household through an ideal domesticity; in line with certain raced, gendered and class norms. It highlights how government techniques make claims over whom can live with, raise a family with, be intimate with whom in Britain.
Concept Analysis and Content Validation of Risk of Injury to the Urinary Tract: Nursing Diagnosis
Authors: Garbuio Danielle C. , de Carvalho Emília C. , Napoleão Anamaria A.
Published: October 2014

Purpose

To elaborate, propose, and validate risk for urinary tract injury as a nursing diagnosis.

Methods

Methodology was divided into three phases: analysis of the concept of urinary tract injury, elaboration of the diagnosis, and validation by a group of specialists.

Findings

Diagnosis label, definition, and inclusion in taxonomy were validated. In 15 risk factors proposed, 12 were validated.

Conclusions

Risk of urinary tract injury was validated as a nursing diagnosis to contemplate the vulnerability of patients using urinary catheters.

Implications for Nursing Practice

Identification of these risk factors contributes to the elaboration of care plans to improve quality of care.
Meta‐analysis of the association between suicidal ideation and later suicide among patients with either a schizophrenia spectrum psychosis or a mood disorder
Authors: Chapman C. L. , Mullin K. , Ryan C. J. , Kuffel A. , Nielssen O. , Large M. M.
Published: October 2014

Objective

Recent studies of patients with a mix of psychiatric diagnoses have suggested a modest or weak association between suicidal ideation and later suicide. The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which the association between expressed suicidal ideation and later suicide varies according to psychiatric diagnosis.

Method

A systematic meta‐analysis of studies that report the association between suicidal ideation and later suicide in patients with ‘mood disorders’, defined to include major depression, dysthymia and bipolar disorder, or ‘schizophrenia spectrum psychosis’, defined to include schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder and delusional disorder.

Results

Suicidal ideation was strongly associated with suicide among patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis [14 studies reporting on 567 suicides, OR = 6.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.82–11.02]. The association between suicidal ideation and suicide among patients with mood disorders (11 studies reporting on 860 suicides, OR = 1.49, 95% CI 0.92–2.42) was not significant. Diagnostic group made a significant contribution to between‐study heterogeneity (Q‐value = 16.2, df = 1, P < 0.001) indicating a significant difference in the strength of the associations between suicidal ideation and suicide between the two diagnostic groups. Meta‐regression and multiple meta‐regression suggested that methodological issues in the primary research did not explain the findings. Suicidal ideation was weakly but significantly associated with suicide among studies of patients with mood disorders over periods of follow‐up of <10 years.

Conclusion

Although our findings suggest that the association between suicidal ideation and later suicide is stronger in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis than in mood disorders this result should be interpreted cautiously due to the high degree of between‐study heterogeneity and because studies that used stronger methods of reporting had a weaker association between suicidal ideation and suicide.
Elevated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio predicts poor outcome in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer receiving first‐line gefitinib or erlotinib treatment
Authors: Lin Gui‐Nan , Peng Jie‐Wen , Liu Pan‐Pan , Liu Dong‐Ying , Xiao Jian‐jun , Chen Xiao‐Qin
Published: October 2014

Aim

Elevated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been demonstrated to be a poor prognostic factor in multiple types of malignancies, whereas the effect of NLR on the prognosis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first‐line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is not fully addressed.

Methods

81 metastatic NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutation treated with first‐line EGFR TKIs were retrospectively included. The associations between baseline clinical characteristics, including NLR, and tumor response, progression and survival were investigated.

Results

Elevated NLR (≥3.5) was observed in 33 of 81 patients. The progression‐free and overall survival of the patients with increased NLR was significantly worse than that of the patients with decreased NLR (8.20 vs 10.60 months, P < 0.001 and 17.20 vs 23.20 months, P < 0.001, respectively). Elevated NLR was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor for worse progression‐free and overall survival in Cox multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Elevated NLR is likely to be associated with poor outcome in EGFR‐mutated advanced NSCLC patients treated with first‐line EGFR TKIs.
Re‐making spaces of conversion: deconstructing discourses of e‐waste recycling in China
Authors: Tong Xin , Li Jingyan , Tao Dongyan , Cai Yifan
Published: October 2014

China implemented its e‐waste policy in 2012, declaring adherence to the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility. Public planning, policies and demonstration projects for recycling facilities have been promoted widely at city and provincial levels to rebuild the image of e‐waste management in China. This article traces the evolution of e‐waste recycling practices in China, from imported e‐waste recycling clusters in coastal rural areas and e‐waste disassembly and trading bazaars in suburban areas of big cities to certified e‐waste recyclers subsidised by the government, as well as the waste reduction and recycling efforts of electronics producers. We draw out the logic underpinning the planning of large‐scale collection and sorting centres – armed with automated equipment – to replace the labour‐intensive sorting activities prevalent in the waste villages. By deconstructing and analysing the discourses of e‐waste recycling, which discriminate recycling practices into formal and informal categories, we point out the limits of formalisation, which favours short and standard shredding for material recovery instead of reuse.
How the pterosaur got its wings
Authors: Tokita Masayoshi
Published: October 2014

Throughout the evolutionary history of life, only three vertebrate lineages took to the air by acquiring a body plan suitable for powered flight: birds, bats, and pterosaurs. Because pterosaurs were the earliest vertebrate lineage capable of powered flight and included the largest volant animal in the history of the earth, understanding how they evolved their flight apparatus, the wing, is an important issue in evolutionary biology. Herein, I speculate on the potential basis of pterosaur wing evolution using recent advances in the developmental biology of flying and non‐flying vertebrates. The most significant morphological features of pterosaur wings are: (i) a disproportionately elongated fourth finger, and (ii) a wing membrane called the brachiopatagium, which stretches from the posterior surface of the arm and elongated fourth finger to the anterior surface of the leg. At limb‐forming stages of pterosaur embryos, the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) cells, from which the fourth finger eventually differentiates, could up‐regulate, restrict, and prolong expression of 5′‐located Homeobox D (Hoxd) genes (e.g. Hoxd11, Hoxd12, and Hoxd13) around the ZPA through pterosaur‐specific exploitation of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling. 5′Hoxd genes could then influence downstream bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling to facilitate chondrocyte proliferation in long bones. Potential expression of Fgf10 and Tbx3 in the primordium of the brachiopatagium formed posterior to the forelimb bud might also facilitate elongation of the phalanges of the fourth finger. To establish the flight‐adapted musculoskeletal morphology shared by all volant vertebrates, pterosaurs probably underwent regulatory changes in the expression of genes controlling forelimb and pectoral girdle musculoskeletal development (e.g. Tbx5), as well as certain changes in the mode of cell–cell interactions between muscular and connective tissues in the early phase of their evolution. Developmental data now accumulating for extant vertebrate taxa could be helpful in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of body‐plan evolution in extinct vertebrates as well as extant vertebrates with unique morphology whose embryonic materials are hard to obtain.
Cultural Variations in the Development of Mind Reading
Authors: Slaughter Virginia , Perez‐Zapata Daniel
Published: October 2014

In this article, we summarize research on the development of mind reading in different cultural contexts. Much of this work has focused on the mind‐reading concept of false belief, that is, children's ability to predict what an actor is likely to do based on what he or she thinks. In all cultures tested, individuals acquire this skill in childhood, but differ cross‐culturally in the age of acquisition. Studies exploring the development of other aspects of mind reading reinforce the conclusion that culture influences when and how children understand the mind.
Why Puberty Matters for Psychopathology
Authors: Mendle Jane
Published: October 2014

Few periods of the life span are as dynamic, tumultuous, and emotionally salient as puberty. The combination of biological and social change during this transition contributes to sweeping shifts in the prevalence and nature of psychopathology. In this article, I highlight the role of puberty in psychological well‐being, reviewing both individual and population‐wide trends in psychological symptoms and disorders. Emphasis is on three domains associated with maturation: typicality of symptoms, epidemiological shifts, and individual differences.
Children's Coping and Adjustment in High‐Conflict Homes: The Reformulation of Emotional Security Theory
Authors: Davies Patrick , Martin Meredith
Published: October 2014

Repeated exposure to interparental conflict increases children's vulnerability to a range of psychological problems by undermining their emotional security in the relationship between parents. However, emotional security theory in its original form lacks the depth and precision to guide hypotheses regarding individual differences in the nature, precursors, and sequelae of children's emotional security. In this article, we summarize a reformulated version of the theory to address this gap. Specifically, we focus on the ways in which the reformulated theory can elucidate: (a) the nature and developmental implications of systematically characterizing the inner workings of emotional security as a goal system, (b) the relative potency of family characteristics as sources of individual differences in children's emotional security, and (c) processes associated with developmental cascades that account for how and why emotional insecurity is linked to a range of psychological problems.
Parenting Influences on Executive Function in Early Childhood: A Review
Authors: Fay‐Stammbach Tracey , Hawes David J. , Meredith Pamela
Published: October 2014

Developmental processes critical to the emergence of executive function (EF) play out across early childhood—a period of rapid change and neural plasticity. The emergence of self‐regulatory capacities is highly embedded in the many contexts or ecologies nested within a child's broader environment, among which the parent–child relationship assumes primary importance. However, only recently have early childhood researchers begun to investigate the contributions of parenting variables to EF. In this article, we review this emerging evidence as it pertains to (a) the parenting behaviors associated with EF, (b) the risk and protective factors that moderate these associations, and (c) the mechanisms through which parenting apparently operates on emerging EF. We also discuss directions for research on transactional parent–child dynamics, experimental tests of causation, and differential susceptibility to environmental influences.