bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping an intelligent algorithm for predicting female adolescents’ cervical vertebrae maturation stage with high recall and accuracy
Authors: Ye Huayu , Qin Hongrui , Tang Ying , Ungvijanpunya Nicha , Gou Yongchao
Published: May 2024

Backgrounds and objectives

The present study was designed to define a novel algorithm capable of predicting female adolescents’ cervical vertebrae maturation stage with high recall and accuracy.

Methods

A total of 560 female cephalograms were collected, and cephalograms with unclear vertebral shapes and deformed scales were removed. 480 films from female adolescents (mean age: 11.5 years; age range: 6–19 years) were used for the model development phase, and 80 subjects were randomly and stratified allocated to the validation cohort to further assess the model’s performance. Derived significant predictive parameters from 15 anatomic points and 25 quantitative parameters of the second to fourth cervical vertebrae (C2-C4) to establish the ordinary logistic regression model. Evaluation metrics including precision, recall, and F1 score are employed to assess the efficacy of the models in each identified cervical vertebrae maturation stage (iCS). In cases of confusion and mispredictions, the model underwent modification to improve consistency.

Results

Four significant parameters, including chronological age, the ratio of D3 to AH3 (D3:AH3), anterosuperior angle of C4 (@4), and distance between C3lp and C4up (C3lp-C4up) were administered into the ordinary regression model. The primary predicting model that implements the novel algorithm was built and the performance evaluation with all stages of 93.96% for accuracy, 93.98% for precision, 93.98% for recall, and 93.95% for F1-score were obtained. Despite the hybrid logistic-based model achieving high accuracy, the unsatisfactory performance of stage estimation was noticed for iCS3 in the primary cohort (89.17%) and validation cohort (85.00%). Through bivariate logistic regression analysis, the posterior height of C4 (PH4) was further selected in the iCS3 to establish a corrected model, thus the evaluation metrics were upgraded to 95.83% and 90.00%, respectively.

Conclusions

An unbiased and objective assessment of the cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) method can function as a decision-support tool, assisting in the evaluation of the optimal timing for treatment in growing adults. Our novel proposed logistic model yielded individual formulas for each specific CVM stage and attained exceptional performance, indicating the capability to function as a benchmark for maturity evaluation in clinical craniofacial orthopedics for Chinese female adolescents.
Qualitative assessment of optimizing the well spacings based on the economic analysis
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Zhang Weizun , Zhao Zhongxin , Huang Yonghui , Ren Yaqian , Ren Lu , Yan Yican , Ji Shuqin , Wang Shejiao , Kong Yanlong
Published: May 2024

The design of well spacing significantly influences the sustainability and economic benefit of geothermal energy extraction. However, most studies have predominantly employed heat production-related parameters as indicators of well spacing, and a comprehensive analysis of well spacing design based on an economic model is necessary for practical implementation. In this study, an economic indicator considering the benefits derived from heat production and operating costs is proposed and applied in the Caofeidian, a typical abandoned oilfield in the Bohai Bay Basin. It offers a refined portrayal of directional wells, moving beyond rudimentary representations, to capture their appropriate degree of complexity and behavior in drilling configurations. First, by integrating thermophysical information and site investigation data from previous oil investigations, a heterogeneous 3D model is constructed to forecast the 30-year temperature and pressure evolution. Then, a modified levelized cost of heat (LCOH-HT) is proposed to perform economic analysis in optimizing the well spacing, revealing an optimal range of 300–600 m for the different selected wells. In comparison with results derived solely from heat production considerations, drilling and pumping costs contribute to a 300 m reduction in the optimal well spacing based on the proposed approach, as a larger well spacing leads to increased hydraulic losses and drilling cost, necessitating greater pumping efforts and costs. This finding underscores the need to balance economic and thermal considerations. In addition, we found the difference in the optimal well spacing in space is also caused by the porosity variations. Porosity affects fluid temperature and pressure, leading to changes in the benefits and costs associated with pressure fluctuations. Notably, this novel economic analysis method is not limited to spacing optimization; it can also be used to optimize operating parameters, such as the flow rate, which could provide practical strategies for geothermal energy extraction.
Tuberculous peritonitis after conservative treatment for acute perforated appendicitis: a case report
Authors: Tanoue Satoru , Ohya Yuki , Nakahara Osamu , Maruyama Hirotaka , Norifumi Aritome , Morinaga Takeshi , Eto Tsugio , Tsuji Akira , Hayashida Shintaro , Shibata Hidekatsu , Hayashi Hironori , Inoue Mitsuhiro , Kuriwaki Kazumi , Iizaka Masayoshi , Inomata Yukihiro
Published: May 2024

Background

Interval appendectomy is widely recommended for patients with abscesses due to perforated appendicitis. A concomitant malignancy-related problem was reported after conservative treatment of acute appendicitis with abscess, but perforated appendicitis-associated tuberculous peritonitis was never reported.

Case presentation

A 67-year-old male patient with a laryngeal cancer history presented to our hospital with an acute appendicitis-associated ileal abscess. He was scheduled for an interval appendectomy after conservative treatment. Fortunately, the symptoms subsided, and the patient was discharged for a later scheduled appendectomy. However, after 3 months, he was readmitted to our hospital with fever and abdominal pain, and emergency surgery was performed, which was suspected to be peritonitis. Intraoperative results revealed numerous white nodules in the abdominal cavity. The condition was diagnosed as tuberculous peritonitis based on macroscopic results, later pathological findings, and positive T-SPOT.TB. The antituberculosis medications were effective, and the patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital 8 days thereafter.

Conclusion

Patients, particularly those immunocompromised, may develop tuberculous peritonitis after conservative treatment for acute perforated appendicitis.
MyHospitalVoice – a digital tool co-created with children and adolescents that captures patient-reported experience measures: a study protocol
Authors: Hybschmann Jane , Sørensen Jette Led , Thestrup Jakob , Pappot Helle , Boisen Kirsten Arntz , Frandsen Thomas Leth , Gjærde Line Klingen
Published: May 2024

Background

Children and adolescents have the right to participate in decisions concerning their health and express their views, also regarding hospital experiences. Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are valuable tools for systematically incorporating patient voices into healthcare systems. New developments have focused on PREMs for children and adolescents, though they are more commonly used in adults. A recent systematic review mapping their use for children and adolescents indicates a growing interest in this area. However, most PREMs are completed by proxy, in this case parents, so they do not necessarily reflect children’s experiences or align with their rights. Innovation is required to support and engage children and adolescents in responding to these types of questionnaires.

Methods

Collaborating with children and adolescents (4–17 years), the primary aim of this study is to develop and validate the tool MyHospitalVoice containing digital and developmentally appropriate PREMs. The secondary aim is to document and evaluate the approaches used to involve children and adolescents and to assess the impact of their involvement. Based on the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer framework, we will divide its development and validation into four phases. First, we will discuss PREM items with children and adolescents, who will select and prioritise what they perceive as most important. Second, we will create items targeting different age groups (4–7, 8–12, and 13–17 years) and design a responsive digital interface with child and youth friendly ways of responding to the questionnaires. Third, we will explore how children and adolescents perceive MyHospitalVoice using cognitive interviewing techniques and other age-appropriate methods. Last, we will pilot test MyHospitalVoice to explore patient experiences and response rates. In each phase, children and adolescents will play an active role. We will involve young adults as peer researchers in the project group to ensure that their perspectives are part of the decision-making process.

Discussion

This project will contribute to research on co-creating with children and adolescents and enhance our understanding of their patient experiences. A validated tool like MyHospitalVoice can help improve quality of care by translating the needs and preferences of children and adolescents into clinical practice.
Vitreous levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic and non-diabetic retinopathy: associated factors and anatomical correlation
Authors: Al-Dwairi Rami , El-Elimat Tamam , Aleshawi Abdelwahab , Al Sharie Ahmed , Al Beiruti Seren , Sharayah Abdallah K. , Allouh Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Background

This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the vitreous levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VGEF) among patients with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Also, this study correlates the levels of PEDF with RRD characteristics.

Methods

All patients who were scheduled for PPV for any indication were included in the study. They were divided into a case group which included patients with advanced PDR and a control group which included the remaining diagnoses. During the PPV, an undiluted vitreous sample was taken and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was utilized to measure the levels of VEGF and PEDF.

Results

Eighty eyes were involved. Patients diagnosed with advanced PDR and endophthalmitis exhibited higher levels of VEGF. PEDF was affected inversely by the age of the patients and PEDF levels were higher in RRD and endophthalmitis cases. In patients with RRD, the level of PEDF was higher if the tear was found inferiorly, if the macula was detached, and with a longer duration of RRD.

Conclusions

This study highlights the clinical importance of those biomarkers. Anti-VEGF-based treatment is the mainstay against PDR. PEDF may show a promising predictive values regarding patients with RRD.
Effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on surgical outcome of ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension patients
Authors: Shams Khaled Ahmed , Ellahony Dalia Monir , Halima Ahmed Fouad , Elzayat Rania Salah
Published: May 2024

Background

Children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and large systemic-to-pulmonary shunts eventually develop pulmonary hypertension (PH). The perioperative management of patients with VSD and PH is quite troublesome and still debatable, especially in developing countries where the different management options and standardization of treatment is not available. Oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors are good treatment options being widely available, cheap, easy administration and do not require extensive monitoring. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of the PDE-5 inhibitors when given orally, early preoperative and continued for 3 months postoperative on controlling postoperative PH with its effect on right ventricle (RV) functions. Fifty-one patients were randomly assigned to either sildenafil or tadalafil, 1 week before and continued for 3 months after corrective surgery. The control group received a placebo.

Results

There was no significant difference in the improvement in the right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP) between both groups, early in the postoperative period (P = 0.255) and in follow-up (P = 0.259). There was also no significant difference in the changes in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), postoperatively and on follow-up (P = 0.788 and 0.059, respectively). There was a drop in RV functions in both groups postoperatively which improved on follow-up; however, it was not significant between both groups. The length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was similar between both groups (P = 0.143).

Conclusion

Perioperative administration of PDE-5 inhibitors does not have an impact on the clinical course as regards improvement in pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, ventricular functions and ICU stay.
Investigation of the effect of field of view on the amount of dental implant artifacts in cone beam computed tomography images
Authors: Mortazavi Samare , Khadem-Reza Zahra Khandan , Parvaresh Mahboube
Published: May 2024

Background

CBCT is widely used in dentistry and is used for a variety of purposes. The presence of different artifacts can reduce the quality of images. Since the implants mainly contain metals, they can cause many artifacts in CBCT images. Due to the importance of CBCT and the effects of artifacts on the final image quality, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of FOV size on the artifacts.

Methods

Three human skulls with unbroken mandible and maxilla were selected. CBCT images were prepared under normal exposure conditions and with three ranges of FOV (4 × 5 cm2, 5 × 8 cm2, 8 × 8 cm2). Then an implant was placed in the empty dental sockets in the incisor, canine, and premolar areas, and CBCT images were taken with similar conditions. The Hounsfield Unit obtained before and after implant placement was compared, and their difference was considered as metal artifact. Data were analyzed using two-factor variance analysis.

Results

In this study, the mean difference of artifacts with a large FOV in both jaws and in the mandible for medium and small radiation ranges from the central to the premolar side was always decreasing. However, in the maxilla for the medium and small radiation ranges, the mean difference increased from the central side to the canine, but again decreased relatively significantly from the canine to the premolar. The mean interaction between the dental areas and the FOV sizes was not significant (p = 0.997), and it was found that the amount of artifacts in the studied areas does not change with changing the size of the FOV. Also there was no significant difference of artifacts between the three types of FOV size (p = 0.730), but there was a significant difference between the dental areas (p = 0.020).

Conclusions

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the amount of metal artifacts is not related to the size of FOV. However, it is related to the position of the implant in the jaws and the density of the surrounding tissues.
Coronavirus infection and neutralizing antibody responses among liver transplant recipients: single-center study
Authors: Makhlouf Nahed A. , Mahmoud Amal A. , Medhat Mohammed A. , Saber Asmaa , Elgamal Ahmed F. , Makhlouf Hoda A. , Fadel Bashir A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Liver transplant (LT) recipients are classified as a high-risk group and should receive regular surveillance for COVID-19 and are expected to have higher viral load and prolonged viral shedding. Virus-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAb), induced by infection, can prevent viral infection by deactivating viral access to host receptors.

Aim

To estimate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and ascertain the levels of NAb among LT recipients.

Method

This cross-sectional study included LT recipients. The survey included 14 parameters about demography, date since operation, and immunosuppressant medications and 11 parameters about COVID-19 infection. NAb was done by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results

Only 39 LT recipients responded to this survey. Their median age was 57, and 74.4% of them were men. Comorbidities were present in 64% of cases, and DM was the most common comorbidity. Immunosuppressants used were Tacrolimus in 56.4% and Tacrolimus with mycophenolate mofetil in 15.4%. Fifteen cases (38.5%) had suspected infection, and 2 (5.1%) had confirmed infection. Three patients (17.6%) were hospitalized with no mortality. NAb was done in 34 cases, and it was positive in 5 cases (14.7%) with a median level (range) of 0.075 (0.04–27). Three out of 5 cases with a positive NAb test did not give a history of either suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion

COVID-19 surveillance in LT recipients is important and suggests a relatively favorable clinical course despite the presumed challenges of immunosuppression. COVID-19 was associated with low hospitalization in LT recipients. NAb indicates a potential immune response even in asymptomatic LT recipients.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial.gov NCT04565782. September 15 2022.
Clinical and Imaging Characteristics, Care Pathways, and Outcomes of Traumatic Epidural Hematomas: A Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury Study
Authors: Pisică Dana , Volovici Victor , Yue John K. , van Essen Thomas A. , den Boogert Hugo F. , Vande Vyvere Thijs , Haitsma Iain , Nieboer Daan , Markowitz Amy J. , Yuh Esther L. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Peul Wilco C. , Dirven Clemens M. F. , Menon David K. , Manley Geoffrey T. , Maas Andrew I. R. , Lingsma Hester F.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Guideline recommendations for surgical management of traumatic epidural hematomas (EDHs) do not directly address EDHs that co-occur with other intracranial hematomas; the relative rates of isolated vs nonisolated EDHs and guideline adherence are unknown. We describe characteristics of a contemporary cohort of patients with EDHs and identify factors influencing acute surgery.

METHODS:

This research was conducted within the longitudinal, observational Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury cohort study which prospectively enrolled patients with traumatic brain injury from 65 hospitals in 18 European countries from 2014 to 2017. All patients with EDH on the first scan were included. We describe clinical, imaging, management, and outcome characteristics and assess associations between site and baseline characteristics and acute EDH surgery, using regression modeling.

RESULTS:

In 461 patients with EDH, median age was 41 years (IQR 24-56), 76% were male, and median EDH volume was 5 cm3 (IQR 2-20). Concomitant acute subdural hematomas (ASDHs) and/or intraparenchymal hemorrhages were present in 328/461 patients (71%). Acute surgery was performed in 99/461 patients (21%), including 70/86 with EDH volume ≥30 cm3 (81%). Larger EDH volumes (odds ratio [OR] 1.19 [95% CI 1.14-1.24] per cm3 below 30 cm3), smaller ASDH volumes (OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.88-0.97] per cm3), and midline shift (OR 6.63 [95% CI 1.99-22.15]) were associated with acute surgery; between-site variation was observed (median OR 2.08 [95% CI 1.01-3.48]). Six-month Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended scores ≥5 occurred in 289/389 patients (74%); 41/389 (11%) died.

CONCLUSION:

Isolated EDHs are relatively infrequent, and two-thirds of patients harbor concomitant ASDHs and/or intraparenchymal hemorrhages. EDHs ≥30 cm3 are generally evacuated early, adhering to Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines. For heterogeneous intracranial pathology, surgical decision-making is related to clinical status and overall lesion burden. Further research should examine the optimal surgical management of EDH with concomitant lesions in traumatic brain injury, to inform updated guidelines.
Towards robust EEG-based human-computer interaction applications
Authors: Μιλτιάδους Ανδρέας
Published: May 2024

Το ηλεκτροεγκεφαλογράφημα είναι ένα διαγνωστικό εργαλείο που συχνά δεν αξιοποιείται επαρκώς παρά τις σημαντικές δυνατότητές του. Χρησιμοποιείται για την παρακολούθηση της ηλεκτρικής δραστηριότητας στον εγκέφαλο, παρέχοντας υψηλή χρονική ανάλυση που το καθιστά ιδιαίτερα κατάλληλο για ανάλυση σε πραγματικό χρόνο. Τα εγγενή χαρακτηριστικά των δεδομένων ηλεκτροεγκεφαλογραφήματος, όπως η χρονική του ανάλυση, τα καθιστούν ιδανικό υποψήφιο για εφαρμογή στη μηχανική μάθηση, ενισχύοντας τις δυνατότητές τους για αυτοματοποιημένη ανάλυση και διάγνωση. Ο στόχος αυτής της διδακτορικής έρευνας είναι η εφαρμογή σύγχρονων τεχνικών επεξεργασίας σήματος και αλγορίθμων μηχανικής μάθησης για την ανάπτυξη αξιόπιστων μεθοδολογιών για την αυτοματοποιημένη ανίχνευση νευρολογικών καταστάσεων και γνωστικών καταστάσεων. Ενώ η κύρια εστίαση είναι στην έρευνα για τη νόσο Αλτσχάιμερ, η μελέτη αυτή διερευνά επίσης εφαρμογές στις διεπαφές εγκεφάλου-υπολογιστή και στην επιληψία. Τα ευρήματα της έρευνας δείχνουν ότι οι αυτοματοποιημένες μεθοδολογίες, όταν συνδυάζονται με δεδομένα ηλεκτροεγκεφαλογραφήματος, μπορούν να βελτιώσουν σημαντικά τις διαδικασίες ελέγχου για την άνοια και άλλες νευρολογικές καταστάσεις. Αυτές οι μεθοδολογίες παρέχουν πολύτιμες γνώσεις που θα μπορούσαν να ανοίξουν το δρόμο για μελλοντικές κλινικές εφαρμογές. Οι σύγχρονες μεθοδολογίες βαθιάς μάθησης, ιδίως τα δίκτυα transformers, φαίνεται να είναι πολλά υποσχόμενες σε αυτόν τον τομέα. Αυτές οι προηγμένες τεχνικές μπορούν να βελτιώσουν περαιτέρω την ικανότητα των αυτοματοποιημένων συστημάτων να αναλύουν σύνθετα δεδομένα ηλεκτροεγκεφαλογραφήματος, οδηγώντας σε πιο ακριβή και αξιόπιστα διαγνωστικά εργαλεία. Αξιοποιώντας αυτές τις προσεγγίσεις αιχμής, η παρούσα έρευνα συμβάλλει στις συνεχιζόμενες προσπάθειες για την ενσωμάτωση λύσεων που βασίζονται στην Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη στην κλινική πρακτική, βελτιώνοντας τελικά τα αποτελέσματα των ασθενών και προωθώντας τον τομέα της νευρολογικής διάγνωσης.
Multi3Generation: Multitask, Multilingual, and Multimodal Language Generation
Authors: Lloret Elena , Barreiro Anabela , Bhatt Mehul , Bugarín-Diz Alberto , Modoni Gianfranco E. , Silberztein Max , Calixto Iacer , Korvel Grazina , Diamantaras Konstantinos , Katsalis Alkiviadis , Turuta Oleksii , Russo Irene , Erdem Aykut
Published: May 2024

The article emphasizes the critical importance of language generation today, particularly focusing on three key aspects: Multitasking, Multilinguality, and Multimodality, which are pivotal for the Natural Language Generation community. It delves into the activities conducted within the Multi3Generation COST Action (CA18231) and discusses current trends and future perspectives in language generation.
Quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of a linoleic acid-modified, low-modulus bone cement for spinal applications
Authors: Ghandour Salim , Christie Iain , Öhman Mägi Caroline , Persson Cecilia
Published: May 2024

Background Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is extensively used in spinal procedures such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, while its use in percutaneous cement discoplasty (PCD) is not yet widely spread. A main issue for both application sites, vertebra and disc, is the mismatch in stiffness between cement and bone, potentially resulting in adjacent vertebral fractures and adjacent segment disease. Tailoring the cement modulus using additives is hence an interesting strategy. However, there is a lack of data on the tensile and tension-compression fatigue properties of these cements, relevant to the newly researched indication of PCD. Method A commercial PMMA cement (VS) was modified with 12%vol of linoleic acid (VSLA) and tested for quasi-static tensile properties. Additionally, tension-compression fatigue testing with amplitudes ranging from +/-5MPa to +/-7MPa and +/-9MPa was performed, and a Weibull three-parameter curve fit was used to calculate the fatigue parameters. Results Quasi-static testing revealed a significant reduction in VSLA’s Young’s Modulus (E=581.1±126.4MPa) compared to the original cement (E=1478.1±202.9MPa). Similarly, the ultimate tensile stress decreased from 36.6±1.5MPa to 11.6±0.8MPa. Thus, VSLA offers improved compatibility with trabecular bone properties. Fatigue testing of VSLA revealed that as the stress amplitude increased the Weibull mean number decreased from 3591 to 272 and 91 cycles, respectively. In contrast, the base VS cement reached run-out at the highest stress amplitude. However, the lowest stress amplitude used exceeds the pressures recorded in the disc in vivo, and VSLA displayed a similar fatigue life range to that of the annulus fibrosis tissue. Conclusions While the relevance of fully reversed tension-compression fatigue testing can be debated for predicting cement performance in certain spinal applications, the results of this study can serve as a benchmark for comparison of low-modulus cements for the spine. Further investigations are necessary to assess the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of these cements.
Pharmacokinetics of drugs used to treat drug sensitive-tuberculosis in breastfeeding mother-infant pairs: An observational pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Nakijoba Ritah , Nakayiwa Kawuma Aida , Ojara Francis Williams , Tabwenda Jovia C. , Kyeyune Jacqueline , Turyamureba Christine , Peter Asiimwe Simon , Magoola Johnson , Castelnuovo Barbara , Buzibye Allan , Waitt Catriona
Published: May 2024

Background Globally, more than half of women take medicines whilst breastfeeding. Data concerning the exposure of the breastfed infant to drugs and any related risks are sparce. Lactation studies are only rarely performed close to licensing for medicines anticipated to be widely used in women of childbearing age. Medicines taken by breastfeeding mothers on tuberculosis (TB) treatment can be transferred to the breastfed infant. Potential effects of anti-tuberculosis medicines on nursing infants are not well understood. Similarly, women face mental health challenges while taking medications, including postpartum depression, hence the need to assess the psychological behavior of a breastfeeding woman. Potential risks are the development of adverse drug effects in the breastfed infant and selection for resistance, whereas potential benefits might include exposure to potentially prophylactic concentrations of the drug. Pharmacokinetic studies are therefore necessary to understand this situation fully. Methods This study will enroll 20 mothers receiving first-line anti-tuberculosis medicines, together with their breastfed infants, with the aim of characterizing the breastmilk transfer of the medicines from the mother to the infants. Samples of maternal blood, breastmilk, and breastfeeding infant’s blood will be obtained at specific time points for bioanalysis of drug concentrations. Pharmacokinetic data will be analyzed using a population pharmacokinetic approach. Additionally, the study will assess the psychological status of breastfeeding women and the well-being of their infants. Maternal depression is linked to long-term negative consequences for the infant’s physiological regulation, poor growth-promoting setting for the infants, and inappropriate interactive conduct, characterized by low compassion, constrained range of emotional expression, and varying provision of the infant’s budding engagement. Conclusions This study will provide the first systematic characterization of mother-to-infant transfer of first-line anti-tuberculosis medicines through breast milk. A mathematical pharmacokinetics model characterizing plasma-to-breastmilk transfer of rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide will be developed and used to characterize infant exposure through breast milk. Our findings will contribute towards treatment optimization in breastfeeding and provide a framework to foster other lactation pharmacokinetic studies.
The genome sequence of the German scorpionfly, Panorpa germanica Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Sivell Duncan , Mitchell Ryan , Crowley Liam M. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: May 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Panorpa germanica (the German scorpionfly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Mecoptera; Panorpidae). The genome sequence is 464.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 21 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.39 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the cut surfclam, Spisula subtruncata (da Costa, 1778)
Authors: Adkins Patrick , Holmes Anna , Mackie Andrew , Darbyshire Teresa ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: May 2024

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Spisula subtruncata (the cut surfclam; Mollusca; Bivalvia; Venerida; Mactridae). The genome sequence is 930.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 19 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 19.64 kilobases in length.
ENHANCEMENT OF COMPETITIVE ENGINEER EDUCATION BASED ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Authors: Novoselov Alexey A. , Dyomina Olga A. , Loskutova Yulia V.
Published: May 2024

Purpose. The article is dedicated to the enhancementof engineering education underthe far-reaching technological breakthroughs.The significance of multidisciplinary approach fortransformation methodical thinking of teaching staff for enhancement the specialists’ occupational outlook at technical universities is noted.Essential necessity for interaction of humanities and graduate departments for creating modern educational content to overcome the logic of "catching up development" and changing it to form the advanced comprehensive engineering thinking is shown.
Materials and methods. The hypothesis based on a pedagogical experiment, which consideredthe positive impact of integrating the educational content of different academic disciplines on the development of engineering thinking, was tested.The role of the project-based learning method “creative language project” based on the educational content integration of a foreign language and different academic disciplines in teaching students at the first and second yearsis shown. The advisability for mastering a foreign language as a necessary and heavily favoured resource in providing high-tech education of Russian engineers and the development of professional communication skills is emphasized.
Results. The methodological approach based on the principle “A foreign language is a means of specialty training” has been developed and implemented.
THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION CONSUMPTION ON THE FORMATION OF TEMPORAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL ECOLOGY
Authors: Inozemtseva Nadezhda N.
Published: May 2024

Background. The individual is the subject of their own time, however, in conditions of high informatization, they are subjected to global challenges that require the development of skills to control information consumption. Uncontrolled consumption of information leads to «overload», to the inability to effectively organize time, to the postponement of the actual implementation of set tasks. Digital consumption is an external factor influencing the individual, it affects the construction of the individual’s temporal constructs.
Purpose. Analysis of the influence of information consumption on the ecology of the individual, on their ability to self-organize, and the formation of temporal perspectives.
Methodology. A group of 28 people aged 18 to 35 was studied. The method of revealing the level of procrastination by N.M. Klepikova and I.N. Kormachev was used; the method for identifying the index of immersion in the Internet environment (L.A. Regush, E.V. Alekseeva, O.R. Veretina, A.V. Orlova, Yu.S. Pezhemskaya); a survey of Philip Zimbardo’s temporal perspective was conducted.
Results. Among the participants who have a low level of procrastination and a low level of digital consumption in the group, high indicators are traced in the assessment of the future, and low indicators in the fatalistic present. Thus, the group of individuals under consideration positively assesses their prospects for the future, is inclined to planning and detailed organization of time, self-organization.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in practical activities, including in relation to issues of self-organization of the individual, in the organization of professional activities, as well as in the formation of approaches to time management.
LEVELING COURSES IN THE MODERN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors: Milovanova Galina V. , Kulyashova Natalya M. , Shemyakina Elena Yu.
Published: May 2024

A decrease in the overall level of training of university applicants has a negative impact on the educational process as a whole. This problem is relevant not only in our country, but also abroad. For successful learning, it is necessary to adjust the «input» knowledge. One of the options for solving this issue is leveling courses.
The purpose of the work is to analyze the problems of organizing leveling courses and develop recommendations for improving their effectiveness.
Materials and methods. The research methods used are the analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature, the study and generalization of experience on the organization and conduct of leveling courses.
Research results. Criteria are given for the levels of students’ readiness to study at a university in a particular discipline. The possible problems of introducing leveling courses into the educational process as a way to improve the initial training of first-year students are described. Approaches are proposed to increase the efficiency and improve the system for organizing leveling courses.
Field of applying results. The results obtained can be applied in the educational process of higher education.
THE PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPUTER TESTING SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS IN THE FIELD OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Shulimova Anna A. , Shulimova Elena A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose. The promising directions for transforming scattered electronic testing resources into an innovative training system designed to develop competencies in the field of higher education in modern Russia are considered in this article. The research subject is methodological approaches to the preparation of test databases, the organization of training and pedagogical control in the electronic environment of the university. The main purpose of research is explanation of the basic techniques and methods of practical application of testing for the improvement of students' cognitive activity.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the research includes methods such as comparative, monographic and structural-logical analysis, estimating, rating as well as dialectical, didactic and systematic approaches.
Results. The algorithm has been developed for the integrated implementation of the instrumental capabilities of computer testing as a methodological basis for an innovative training system at the intra-university level. The authors argue that the variety of test task helps students concentrate their attention on the content of the training material. Alternatively, in the opinion of the authors, regular intra-university and external testing should be used as forms of distance learning and pedagogical diagnostics in combination with traditional forms of organizing independent work and control. It allows us to reveal the creative potential of the individual and motivate students to continue their studies at a higher level of education.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of higher education in teaching of economic theory, history and other social and humanitarian disciplines.
Nowela (37) Justyniana z 535 r. i jej antyjudaistyczny charakter
Authors: Urbaniec Arkadiusz
Published: May 2024

Przedstawione w artykule rozważania dotyczą regulacji prawnych wymierzonych w wyznawców judaizmu, zawartych w noweli 37, wydanej przez cesarza Justyniana w 535 r. i obowiązujących jedynie na terenie prefektury praetorio Afryki. Kontrowersje w dyskursie naukowym wywołują zarówno przyczyny wprowadzenia restrykcyjnego prawa, nie znajdującego odpowiednika w innych częściach imperium rzymskiego, jak i jego rzeczywista recepcja. Przeprowadzona analiza zakwestionowała zasadność wykorzystywania passusu De aedeficiis Prokopiusza z Cezarei jako przykładu praktycznego stosowania omawianego prawa oraz na podstawie epistolografii papieża Grzegorza wyznaczyła hipotetyczny terminus ante quem jego obowiązywania.
XXIII Międzynarodowy Kongres Nauk Historycznych, Poznań 2020/2022 – i jego pokłosie
Authors: Makowski Krzysztof
Published: May 2024

Wporwadzenie do działu "Materiały" dotyczące XXIII Międzynarodowego Kongresu Nauk Historycznych, Poznań 2020/2022
¿Qué papel juegan los partidos políticos en las protestas sociales? Tendencias recientes en Argentina y Chile
Authors: Donoso Sofia , Somma Nicolás M. , Rossi Federico M.
Published: May 2024

Existe un consenso cada vez mayor sobre la naturaleza complementaria de la política institucional y no institucional como medio para impulsar las agendas políticas. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de la investigación tiende a concentrarse en un aspecto de esta relación, a saber, cómo los movimientos sociales influyen en la arena política, por ejemplo, impactando diferentes etapas del proceso de formulación de políticas y creando nuevos partidos políticos. Hay comparativamente menos comprensión de la dinámica inversa: el grado en que los partidos políticos también influyen en el ámbito de la protesta al adoptar y utilizar estrategias y tácticas —comúnmente asociadas con los movimientos sociales— y al conectarse con los manifestantes. Centrándose en Argentina y Chile, dos países que han experimentado oleadas masivas de protestas en los últimos años, este artículo examina la presencia de los partidos políticos en la organización, realización y canalización de manifestaciones. La recepción de los partidos políticos en las manifestaciones está estrechamente ligada a si son bienvenidos o no en el ámbito de la protesta. También analizamos cómo los manifestantes argentinos y chilenos perciben a los partidos políticos y el nivel de identificación que sienten con ellos. Nuestra principal fuente de datos proviene de 1 935 encuestas realizadas como parte de la red Caught in the Act of Protest: Contextualizing Contestation (CCC) entre 2015 y 2017. Encontramos que los partidos políticos en Argentina exhiben vínculos más fuertes con los movimientos sociales en comparación con los de Chile. Buscamos vincular este resultado con patrones divergentes e históricamente arraigados de dinámicas de protesta en ambos países y discutimos las implicaciones de nuestros hallazgos en la conclusión.
Alimentación, nutrición y raza en el México posrevolucionario, 1930-1950
Authors: Aguilar Rodríguez Sandra
Published: May 2024

Este texto explora los discursos sobre nutrición que predominaron luego de la revolución, entre 1930 y 1950, a través del estudio de recetarios, publicaciones de divulgación y manuales de alimentación elaborados por profesionales de clase media y que tenían como audiencia principal a las madres de familia de la clase trabajadora. A su vez muestra las limitantes en la adopción de dichas prácticas a través de entrevistas de historias de vida realizadas a mujeres que nacieron entre 1910 y 1930 y que vivieron en el valle de México. Así pues, busca analizar los matices del discurso de creación de nación a través de la alimentación y sus implicaciones de raza, clase y género a mediados del siglo xx. Con ello demuestra que la nutrición fungió como un elemento clave para mejorar la raza y asimilar a poblaciones rurales e indígenas, impactando en mayor medida a las mujeres al ser ellas responsables del hogar.
La excelencia en la investigación es una agenda neocolonial (y qué se podría hacer al respecto)
Authors: Neylon Cameron
Published: May 2024

En este artículo quiero argumentar que, si bien el programa de la excelencia en la investigación está fuertemente conectado a esta historia colonial y poscolonial, el programa es, de hecho, neocolonial. Hay trabajos recientes que muestran que nuestra concepción actual de la excelencia en la investigación y sus señales no surgieron sino hasta finales de los años cincuenta del siglo XX. Esto sugiere que su adopción y su difusión en los países con un legado colonial no debe verse solo como una consecuencia de la historia, sino también, como una nueva ola de colonización epistémica. Esta distinción ofrece importantes formas de reconocer, abordar y tratar los problemas y las oportunidades en un contexto poscolonial, y sugiere formas como estos países pueden proporcionar liderazgo y construir una comunidad con otras naciones poscoloniales, en desarrollo y en transición. Más que eso, puede ayudarnos a comprender cómo estas experiencias pueden proporcionar un liderazgo a Europa, Norteamérica y otros centros tradicionales de erudición occidental, y que parece poco probable que surja internamente.
A Benchmark for Collateralized Loan Obligations
Authors: Elkamhi Redouane , Li Ruicong , Nozawa Yoshio
Published: May 2024

We build a benchmark for AAA-rated tranches of collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) using business development companies (BDCs), which hold a diversified portfolio of loans as CLOs do. BDCs are publicly listed, and their share price, equity volatility, and borrowing cost can be easily obtained. Applying a structural model to BDCs, we extract market-implied correlation in their loan portfolio, compare spreads on CLO tranches and BDC-implied benchmark, and find that observed large credit spreads on CLO senior tranches after the financial crisis are a fair reflection of the systematic risk of correlated loan defaults.

This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00097 .
Time Pressure Preferences
Authors: Buser Thomas , Van Veldhuizen Roel , Zhong Yang
Published: May 2024

Many professional and educational settings require individuals to be willing and able to perform under time pressure. We use a laboratory experiment and survey data to study preferences for working under time pressure. We make three main contributions. First, we develop an incentivized method to measure preferences for working under time pressure and document that participants in our laboratory experiment are averse to working under time pressure on average. Second, we show that there is substantial heterogeneity in the degree of time pressure aversion across individuals and that these individual preferences can be partially captured by simple survey questions. Third, we include these questions in a survey of bachelor’s degree students and a nationally representative survey panel and show that time pressure preferences predict career choices and income. Our results indicate that individual differences in time pressure aversion could be an influential factor in determining labor market outcomes.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: This work was supported by the Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation, European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [Grant 850590].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.02078 .
Alembamento e o Lobolo: ritos de casamento Mbundu (Angola) e Ndau (Moçambique):
Authors: Quijila Abel Calombo , Jacobe Mateus
Published: May 2024

O presente texto analisa o protagonismo do Alembamento e do Lobolo, como ritos de casamentos em Angola e Moçambique. Para o resultado da pesquisa, adotamos o campo dos estudos interdisciplinares em Humanidades nas áreas da História Cultural e da Antropologia, por meio da abordagem qualitativa que lida diretamente com as questões das ciências humanas. O Alembamento e o Lobolo, variando de nomes em quaisquer regiões da África subsaariana, são vistos como casamentos que consistem em uma série de rituais e obrigações de oferendas em volta da prática de dar o dote. Apesar das ingerências coloniais ocidentais em torno da inferiorização desses casamentos, os ritos resistiram e continuam sendo os maiores símbolos culturais que reforçam o poder feminino e as alianças entre as famílias em ambas as sociedades africanas.
Desvelando os silêncios sobre a África na cartografia moderna
Authors: Rodrigues Carmem
Published: May 2024

Resenha do livro: FURTADO, Júnia. O quebra-cabeças africano: como um embaixador português, um geógrafo francês, um escritor inglês e um pirata imaginário transformaram a cartografia da África e abriram as portas para o imperialismo. Belo Horizonte: Miguilim, 2022. 509 p.
O livro "Quebra-Cabeça Africano", de autoria de Júnia Furtado, destaca-se como uma obra essencial para compreender o uso da cartografia como fonte histórica, explorando os segredos e complexidades por trás das representações geográficas da África na Idade Moderna. A pesquisa, guiada pela intertradução, revela o potencial dos mapas como ferramentas para entender as relações geopolíticas, culturais e os jogos de poder. A autora enfoca como a cartografia foi usada como instrumento de poder pelos europeus, destacando a manipulação e instrumentalização das realidades geográficas africanas para atender a interesses coloniais.
Histórias Africanas, pensamentos/ou culturas Afro-brasileiras e Ética Ubuntu
Authors: Antonio Paim Elison , De Souza Ramos Maria Aparecida , Cochole Paulo Gomane Manuel
Published: May 2024

Apresentação do dossiê: "Histórias Africanas, pensamentos/ou culturas Afro-brasileiras e Ética Ubuntu"
A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE PARA A EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL:
Authors: Urnau Simone , Urbanetz Sandra Terezinha
Published: May 2024

A investigação sobre a formação docente para a Educação Profissional tem sido intensificada principalmente a partir da ampliação da oferta pelos Institutos Federais, no âmbito da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica - RFEPCT. Este texto apresenta o levantamento realizado no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES, de 2000 a 2023, com os seguintes descritores: Formação Docente; Educação Profissional, na área de Educação e na área de Ensino, bem como uma discussão sobre a temática a partir dos autores vinculados ao materialismo histórico. Metodologicamente, a análise se fez considerando os preceitos de Bardin, com uma   abordagem qualitativa a partir de Bogdan e Biklen (1994), que permitem aferir a precariedade das propostas ainda existentes na formação docente para a Educação Profissional. Os dados indicam a necessidade da investigação a respeito da temática em função da expansão e interiorização da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica, que, em seus processos de seleção para professores, apenas indicam a necessidade, mas não exigem a formação pedagógica.