bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Thermal Neutron Shielding Performance of TiB2-Al Composite Materials
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Zhefu , Dong Mengge , Zhang Lu , Liu Jianxing , Cao Xiaozhou , Xue Xiangxin
Published: January 2021

Although the various excellent properties and preparation methods of TiB2-based composites have been extensively studied, their neutron shielding properties have not received as much attention. In this article, the neutron shielding performance of the previously prepared TiB2-Al composite will be studied. The photo neutron source device was used to carry out neutron irradiation tests on test samples with a thickness of 10 mm. The average thermal neutron shielding rate of TiB2-based boron-containing composites is 17.55%, and the shielding rate increases with the increase of BN content. The macroscopic cross-section of thermal neutrons of the composites generally shows a stable trend, and when the BN content is 10%, the thermal neutrons macroscopic cross section reaches the maximum value of 7.58cm-1. With the increase of the BN content, the thermal neutron fluence rate shows a gradually decreasing trend.
Traditional Indian plants as the source of compounds to treat a respiratory viral infection
Authors: Vidya Venkateswaran  , Vinduja Vasudevan  , Aradhana Karthikeyan  , Vrithi Sundararaman  , Ineya Madhavan  , Samantha Prathab  , Aakash John Peter  , Nagasathiya Krishnan  , Velmurugan Devadasan  , Pachaiappan Raman
Published: January 2021

Since December 2019 world news broadcasted stories of a deadly disease caused by SARS CoV-19, which is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Coronaviruses (CoVs) and the associated severe acquired respiratory syndrome (SARS - CoV) are potential agents to infect the respiratory tract of humans and animals. Much scientific effort has been focused on the development of vaccine and medicines to protect future outbreaks. However, the chances to rapidly develop an effective vaccine are difficult now. Due to the sudden and explosive emergence of the disease, empirical strategies have been used to treat the patients. The increasing demand for natural products as an alternative therapy for pandemic viral diseases has encouraged research into the pharmacological importance of bioactive compounds from plants, especially Indian herbs. Ethnopharmacological studies have been extremely relevant to discover promising drugs for the treatment of viral diseases. This review is intended to focus on the traditionally practised Indian medicinal plants and bioactive compounds with anti-viral properties used for the treatment of respiratory associated viral infections and other retroviral infections. It may lead us to develop a broad spectrum of anti-viral for the prevention and control of these viral pathogens in the current situation.
ANALISIS STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENANAMKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Aisah Tandri , Sulistri Emi
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan strategi guru SD dalam menanamkan kemampuan litasi sains siswa sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah studi literatur. Hasil analisis yang dilakukan, menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang digunakan oleh guru  dalam menanamkan kemampuan literasi sains siswa sangat berkaitan. Namun kebanyakan guru dalam proses pembelajaran berlangsung masih terfokus menggunakan buku. Sehingga membuat kemampuan literasi sains siswa tergolong rendah. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam menanamkan kemampuan literasi sains siswa sekolah dasar guru perlu memperhatikan strategi yang akan digunakan dalam menanamkan kemampuan literasi sains.
Penerapan Model Reciprocal Teaching Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa pada Materi Kesebangunan
Authors: Tomas Alex , Wijaya Andika Kusuma , Mariyam Mariyam
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model Reciprocal Teaching yang mencakup tiga rumusan masalah yaitu tentang peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis, aktivitas siswa, dan respon siswa terhadap model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching dalam pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas IX SMP Torsina Singkawang, dengan bentuk penelitian pre-eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) rata-rata posttest sebesar 78,65 lebih tinggi dari hasil rata-rata pretest yaitu 53,39 dan terjadi peningkatan dengan N-gain sebesar 0,54 dengan kriteria sedang; 2) Berdasarkan hitungan persentase pada lembar pengamatan aktivitas selama proses pembelajaran diperoleh rata-rata sikap aktif sebesar 90,05%, sedangkan rata-rata sikap pasif sebesar 9,95%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa nilai rata-rata rata-rata sikap aktif lebih besar dibanding dengan nilai rata-rata sifat pasif. Nilai rata-rata persentase sikap aktif berada pada kriteria Sangat Baik yang berarti aktivitas siswa tergolong aktif; 3) Hasil analisis terhadap respon siswa diperoleh rata-rata persentase sebesar 80,38%, berada pada kriteria Baik. Berdasarkan uraian yang telah dikemukakan, pembelajaran dengan model Reciprocal Teaching pada materi Kesebangunan kelas IX SMP Torsina Singkawang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa, kemudian siswa tergolong aktif dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model Reciprocal Teaching dan respon siswa terhadap penerapan model Reciprocal Teaching Positif.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel Kelas VIII
Authors: Utami Citra , Mariyam Mariyam , Nurdin Nurdin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk:(1) mengetahui perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa antara kelas yang diterapkannya model pembelajaran Team Assisted Individualization dan kelas dengan model pembelajaran langsung; (2) mengetahui aktivitas belajar siswa ketika diterapkan model pembelajaran Team Assisted Individualization; (3) mengetahui motivasi siswa dengan diterapkannya model pembelajaran Team Assisted Individualization. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 11 Singkawang pada kelas VIII menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan berupa Pre-test Posttest Control-Group Design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 11 Singkawang yang terdiri dari 4 kelas. Sampel pada penelitian ini kelas VIII C sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII D sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik Probability Sampling dengan pengambilan sampel yaitu Claster Random Sampling.. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu Uji N-gain, uji-t indenpenden, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, persentase aktivitas belajar, dan rata-rata motivasi belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol dengan thitung lebih besar dari ttabel yaitu3,676>2,018; (2) aktivitas belajar siswa kelas eksperimen tergolong aktif dengan rata-rata sebesar 78,58%; (3) motivasi siswa kelas eksperimen tergolong sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata sebesar 4,36.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Di Kelas V SDN 12 Singkawang
Authors: Nani Nani , Hendriana Evinna Cinda
Published: January 2021

Kesulitan belajar merupakan sebuah permasalahan yang menyebabkan seorang siswa belum dapat mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan baik dan belum  mampu untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang diharapkan. Empat kompetensi dasar yang harus dimiliki siswa pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia tingkat sekolah dasar mencakup aspek: menyimak, berbicara, membaca dan menulis. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis kesulitan belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di kelas V SDN 12 Singkawang. Artikel ini merupakan hasil analisis dengan mengkaji literature yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan topik pembahasan. Model yang digunakan adalah studi literatur atau lirature riview. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar siswa masih tidak faham ketika guru menyampaikan materi Bahasa Indonesia. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan siswa kesulitan belajar Bahasa Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa kelas V SDN 12 Singkawang masih berkesulitan dalam mempelajari pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.
Peningkatan KeterampilanMemberikan Tanggapan Melalui Strategi The Power Of Two Pada Siswa SMP Negeri 2 Selakau
Authors: Nurhidayah Mauluda , Fitri Fitri , Mulyani Sri
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan  Perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan hasil  memberikan tanggapan melalui strategi pembelajaran the power of two pada siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 2 Selakau. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriftif. Data penelitian berupa proses pembelajaran memberikan tanggapan dan hasil belajar siswa dengan menerapkan strategi pembelajaran the power of two. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan pengukuran dan observasi. Prosedur penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklus dengan langkah-langkah: (1) perencanaan, (2) tindakan, (3) 0bservasi, (4) refleksi. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah penerapan strategi pembelajaran the power of two dalam penelitian tindakan kelas dapat meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran berbicara memberikan tanggapan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan peningkatan keterampilan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran, dan kegiatan dalam partisipasi siswa dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Kinerja guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran terus meningkat dari 75% pada siklus 1 menjadi 85,72 % pada siklus 2. Nilai kegiatan aktivitas siswa di kelas mengikuti proses pembelajaran pada siklus 1 mencapai 74,33% meningkat menjadi 83,33% pada siklus 2. Peningkatan belajar siswa dapat diketahui setelah membandingkan hasil, sebelumnya pada keterampilan berbicara hanya mencapai 40%, setelah mendapat tindakan siklus I persentase ketuntasan menjadi 60%. Terjadi peningkatan pada siklus II yaitu 85% mencapai pada peningkatan yang diharapkan.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERTIF PAIR CHECKS TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENYIMPULKAN ISI BERITA PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 10 SINGKAWANG
Authors: Satira Ira , Sunarsih Eti , Zulfahita Zulfahita
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa mencapai KKM (70)  baik secara individual maupun klasikal terhadap kemampuan menyimpulkan isi berita, dan mengetahui hasil belajar siswa sesudah diterapkanya model pembelajaran kooperatif pair checks terhadap kemampuan menyimpulkan isi berita pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 10 Singkawang lebih baik dibandingkan hasil belajar siswa sebelum diterapkanya model pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Pre-Experimental Designs. Dengan menggunakan bentuk “one group pretest-posttest design”. Menurut metodeny merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 10 Singkawang. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sampel purposive sampling sebanyak 1 kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) kemampuan menyimpulkan isi berita mencapai ketuntasan individu dan klasikal yaitu Karena thitung  ttabel  atau 6,24 > 1,70 bahwa rata-rata mencapai KKM  70, selanjutnya untuk ketuntasan klasikal yaitu Zhitung  Ztabel  atau 2,25  1,64 disimpulkan bahwa ketuntasan klasikal siswa mencapai 75%. 2) hasil belajar siswa sesudah diterapkanya model pembelajaran kooperatif pair checks terhadap kemampuan menyimpulkan isi berita pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 10 Singkawang lebih baik dibandingkan hasil belajar siswa sebelum diterapkanya model pembelajaran yaitu t hitung > dari t tabel yakni – 10,92 > 1,706 disimpulkan bahwa Hasil belajar siswa sesudah diterapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif pair checks terhadap kemampuan menyimpulkan isi berita lebih baik.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PREDICT OBSERVE EXPLAIN WRITE (POEW) TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA PADA MATERI KALOR DAN PERPINDAHANNYA
Authors: Shirajuddin Shirajuddin , Murdani Eka , Kusumawati Intan
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran peningkatan pemahaman konsep siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran POEW pada materi kalor dan perpindahannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pre eksperimental design dengan rancangan one-group pre test-post test design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 5 Singkawang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XA dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Peningkatan pemahaman konsep siswa diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur tes yang berjumlah 14 soal pilihan ganda yang sebelumnya telah validasi. Dari hasil analisis N-gain, diperoleh peningkatan pemahaman konsep sebesar 0,62 dengan kriteria sedang.
Las cardiopatías congénitas en el Ecuador
Authors: Gonzáles Lenin , Alvarez Hernán
Published: January 2021

Consideramos que el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de las cardiopatías congénitas, representa todavía en nuestro medio un problema para los servicios médicos del Ministerio de Salud Pública, del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social y la Sanidad Militar.

Sugerimos que para el estudio adecuado y correcto de estas patologías frecuentes en la niñez y adolescencia, es indispensable y mandatorio llevar ciertas pautas teóricas y prácticas para sistematizar y metodizar el estudio de las cardiopatías congénitas.  

De ahàes básico establecer el desarrollo de una correcta historia clínica, que incluya en la anamnesis los antecedentes prenatales, heredo-familiares, historial del período del partum y post-partum (factores de riesgo de la madre), e iniciar en nuestro país el estudio regular y continuo de los cromosomas en el niño y sus padres.

En un segundo plano realizar ordenadamente una buena historia clínica, incluyendo en la explotación física, a más de la valoración detallada del sistema cardiovascular, la exploración de los otros órganos y sistemas de nuestra economía humana.

Es básico también insistir en la complementación adecuada de la realización de exámenes de laboratorio y gabinete, que incluya por lo menos el estudio electrocardiográfico de estos pacientes, que será complementado por la valoración ecocardiográfico de esos pacientes, que será complementado por la valoración ecocardiográfica bidimensional, y de la respectiva valoración hemodinámica que incluye gasometría, tensiometría y angiografía cardiaca. 

Con todo lo anteriormente anotado planteamos corrección quirúrgica, la misma que puede ser paliativa y/o correctora total, la que se realizará a edades tempranas de la vida, con lo cual consideramos que las cifras de morbimortalidad de las cardiopatías congénitas en el Ecuador disminuirán significativamente.

Con todos estos elementos de diagnóstico planteamos la corrección quirúrgica paliativa o correctora total que será descrita en otro capítulo.

En caso del óbito del niño en post-operatorio inmediato y/o tardío recabamos de los padres y/o personas responsables del caso la autorización conrrespondiente para estudio necrópsico macro y microscópico de cavidad torácica y abdominal, para visualizar las actividades cardiacas, su relacion con los grandes vasos (concordancias y/o discordancias visceroarteriales), la disposicion del piso aurículo ventricular, las anomalias de las sigmoideas aórticas y pulmonares, el origen del arbol coronariano; en fin, valoracion de todo el complejo cardio-pulmonar y sus relaciones con las vísceras abdominales: estudio anatómico y embriológico infantil.

 

En casos de cardiopatías congénitas muy complejas, incluso con la pieza de necropsia, no estamos capacitados en dar un diagnostico claro y conciso y únicamente lo que hacemos es plantear modelos embriologicos de dicha cardiopatía congénita compleja, para poder presentarlos y discutirlos con otros grupos cardiologicos en miras de poder sacar conclusiones para futuos casos a manejar
La patología entre los primitivos Cañarís
Authors: Hermida César
Published: January 2021

Se habla de algunas enfermedades que azotaron la región: Amebiasis--- b) Se comenta sobre el “Bichu” y el “tispug-Unguy”.--- c) Se habla sobre otras enfermedades, en particular sobre ciertas dermatosis.----- d) Se hace un corto esbozo sobre alcoholismo entre los aborígenes, citado por los cronistas.--- e) Se cita dos de las principales etiologías de sus enfermedades: el viento y el arco-iris.
COMPUTER-BASED TESTING: A NECESSARY EVIL OR A SENSIBLE CHOICE?
Authors: Malec Wojciech
Published: January 2021

For many students and teachers working in online environments during the current pandemic crisis, the use of computers for educational testing is often an unavoidable predicament. This may be due to the fact that computer- based materials are not merely a useful addition to the learning and teaching resources, but rather the only option available. However, although in some contexts computers may indeed be a significant hindrance to test developers and test takers alike, they actually offer a number of substantial benefits.
It is also worth pointing out that, by and large, educational tests delivered through online platforms with the aim of measuring progress and achievement in learning have a lot in common with traditional paper-based tests. This article is thus an attempt at balancing the advantages and disadvantages of computerized testing with a view to finding out whether this mode of testing can be recommended as the preferred choice. Based mainly on a literature review of research and practice in the area of computerized and online educational testing, the paper provides a synthesis of key issues relevant to using electronic devices for the purpose of constructing, administering, and analyzing tests and assessments. In particular, the discussion focuses on the models of test administration, the merits and demerits of computer-assisted testing, the comparability of paper-based and computer-based test scores, as well as selected features of web-based testing systems, such as text-to-items converters, test generators, full-screen delivery mode, automated scoring (and human verification thereof), score reporting, feedback, as well as quantitative analysis of test scores. The article also puts forward some arguments in favour of developing one’s own testing application.
SYNERGETIC PRINCIPLES OF MODERNIZATION OF TEACHING NATURAL DISCIPLINES FORMS IN HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Chalyi Alexander , Sysoiev Oleksii , Chalyy Kyrylo , Kryvenko Inna , Kryshtopa Albina , Koval Boris
Published: January 2021

The educational system is a synergetic system; it is an open, nonlinear, dynamic and complex system. The importance of synergetics for education and science is associated with the possibility of creating a transdisciplinary dialogue, more effective study of interdisciplinary links, using this interdisciplinary direction for a deep understanding of the unity of laws of nature and society, and thus personal development as the ultimate goal of all educational activities. Reforming and modernizing of higher education in Ukraine, increasing the importance of independent work of students in the total amount of classroom and extracurricular training have led to priority interest in the introduction of e-learning content and other components of distance and telematics education, focused on ensuring compliance of national educational standards with international requirements and full participation of Ukraine in the development of European and world educational area. This article outlines the introduction stages of the latest technologies for teaching medical and biological physics with adequate reflection of the specifics of the pedagogical process in higher medical education in Ukraine.
The rational combination of the latest technologies and classical methods of teaching natural sciences promotes mutual synergistic strengthening of the effects of their application and minimizes cognitive dissonance and disproportion of information needs and proposals in higher medical education of Ukraine.
The article also tackles the issue of distance learning courses and programs by the world’s leading higher education institutions that have resulted in a significant increase in the number of Ukrainian higher education institutions that actively develop and use e-learning Internet resources and other forms of distance learning.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF SCIENCE AND THE SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY — DIFFICULTIES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Charchuła Jarosław
Published: January 2021

It is evident that, especially in the recent decades, the scientific institutions have strongly evolved and modified their structures in order to be adapted to the changing socio-cultural environment as well as to be more aware of the need to generate new knowledge in order to support the economic growth. Social sciences tried to interpret the process of institutionalization of science in the academic world in various ways, analyzing the social components of the process of creating the knowledge. The approach in social sciences is primarily characterized by the study of the level of institutionalization that enables the study of the features that, in turn, define science as a social institution. This approach is useful in the study of higher education systems because the institutionalized principles make the structure of an organization and primarily provide the information about what regulates the formation of a university and not only about what regulates the behavior of an individual. The organization of the university is a clear example to understand the changes that are taking place in social institutions based on scientific and technological knowledge. In fact, in recent decades, universities have changed the way they organize their activities. The new requirements favor the reorganization of the knowledge creation process which has significant consequences for changes in the internal structure of a science institution. This article focuses on the analysis of the process of institutionalization of science. This approach to science is primarily characterized by the analysis of the features that define science as a social institution. In this context, the most important challenges and difficulties related to these processes in a globalized world are presented.
PRACTICES AND PERSPECTIVES OF TEACHER TRAINEES UPON ONLINE LANGUAGE EDUCATION PROGRAMME
Authors: Cubukcu Feryal
Published: January 2021

The expansion of instructional technologies in education has made it possible to learn and teach a second or foreign language online, without recourse to face-to-face teaching. A great deal of information is available on the varying formats and relative efficacy of online language-learning programmes. Teaching and learning is one of the core activities within higher education, such as universities and colleges. Almost every university in the USA now offers some type of computer online courses and most offer online programs in which all or most of the courses are taken via electronic means with a minimum of face to face real personal contact between instructor and student. There are many instructors and professors who claim that this electronic instruction is the future of teaching and the future of learning. Technology brings a lot of benefits to online classes such as flexibility, reduced costs, networking, documentation, increased student time, accessibility and self-discipline. Instructional technologies have been used extensively after the spread of COVID19. Council of Higher Education in Turkey closed down all the universities and embarked on online education by issuing a statement that all universities were free to choose the platform they wished to use. This study aims at discovering how online language teacher education programmes yielded emerging patterns and how teacher trainees’ perspectives were in relation with these online language teacher education programmes. To reach this aim, 275 teacher trainees at the Department of English Language Teaching participated in the study and semi-structured interviews were held with them. This discussion illuminates critical issues and attitudes of teacher trainees along with the challenges unique to programmes as a future research agenda.
Virus transmission through fragmented flight in cooked meat fumes at more than 10 meters of distance, a case report with SARS-CoV2 / COVID19
Authors:   Independent researcher
Published: January 2021

Meat is a known virus carrier and its ability to spread viruses is shown here in a different way. Meat fumes from a cooking process carrying a virus led to indirect contamination.
Determinación de los niveles de plomo en sangre en trabajadores de fábricas de baterías ubicadas en Guayaquil-Ecuador
Authors: Rivera Kathya , Pernía Beatriz
Published: January 2021

El plomo es uno de los metales pesados más tóxicos y la exposición humana, por razones laborales, a este metal, puede causar plumbemia. El objetivo de la investigación fue generar una línea base sobre las concentraciones de plomo en sangre de un grupo de trabajadores de fábricas de baterías en Guayaquil-Ecuador y de un grupo control no expuesto laboralmente al metal, con el fin de establecer la existencia de riesgo ocupacional entre sexos, edades y puestos de trabajo. Para ello, se procedió a tomar muestras de sangre a los trabajadores y al grupo control. Las muestras fueron analizadas por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con horno de grafito. El 100 % de los trabajadores presentaron Pb en una concentración promedio de 16.22±6.82 µg/dL superior al valor de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, pero inferior al límite establecido por la Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de 40 µg/dL; además, el valor fue superior al del grupo control (0.68±0.15 µg/dL). Los hombres presentaron mayores niveles de Pb que las mujeres, y estos valores variaron dependiendo del puesto de trabajo en la fábrica. En conclusión, el 100 % del grupo control y el 4.55 % de los trabajadores no presentaron riesgo de intoxicación por plomo, un 13.64 % presentó riesgo bajo, 78.79 % riesgo medio y solo un 3.00 % riesgo alto.
COLLABORATION – A COMPONENT OF STRATEGIC MARKETING IN THE BANKING SYSTEM
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation,, Sinyaeva I.M.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the content of the organizational process of collaboration in the context of the impact of the pandemic, as a scientific collaboration in order to expand the range of financial services, promote fintеch and increase business results. Revealing the concept of the content of collaboration, the author notes the theoretical contribution of the authors to the development of scientific cooperation. The proposed scheme of justification of the economic feasibility of the process of collaboration with the banking system deserves attention. For the First time, the basic principles of organizing collaboration in the field of banks are formulated.
Justification of the concept of marketing strategy for business organizations
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration,, Portnykh V.V.
Published: January 2021

A brief analysis of approaches to the description of marketing strategy by marketing classics is given. The definition of a marketing strategy is given and its three levels are justified. There are three necessary and sufficient conditions for selecting a target market or market segment. The system of the main strategic market goals of a business organization is justified. The system of compliance of basic strategies of a business organization with external conditions is presented. Sets of typical strategic tasks aimed at managing the «Market» and «market share» areas are presented and described. A method for justifying strategic tasks in the field of marketing based on the use of competitive analysis data is proposed.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF INDUSTRY RISK MANAGEMENT FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN A DIGITALIZATION ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   I.M. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (NIU), Lomachenko T.I.
Published: January 2021

Improvement of the risk management system in the oil and gas complex is especially important in view of the ongoing changes in the global energy industry, as well as during the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has a direct impact on many areas of life. Risk assessment specialists have clearly underestimated the scale of risks and threats associated with this. Russia’s energy policy is presented in the Energy Strategy of Russia for the period until 2035, which sets out the main goals, objectives, quantitative benchmarks and mechanisms for their achievement. However, the problem of long-term risk management in the energy sector, namely, early identification, assessment and substantiation of risks, is one of the priorities in this area, which will ensure support for positive and strategically verified, including innovative solutions [1. P. 32; 2. P. 102]. The importance of these solutions makes the problem of risk management in the energy sector extremely important and urgent. The article reveals the specific features of the oil and gas complex at the current stage, describes the industry in a pandemic, defines the main risk groups of oil and gas companies, such as general and specific risks, as well as subjects of risk management system. Complex conditions of restrictions are considered, under which the need to preserve business requires optimization of the technological 198 Экономические системы. 2020. № 4 Economic Systems. 2020. No. 4 process, including by reviewing the functionality of employees, systematization of document flow in electronic format, the transfer of production processes to a digital platform. The scientific innovation of the research lies in the development of a conceptual model of industry risk management of the oil and gas complex enterprise, which allows the system to regulate strategic, design, operational and production relations and interactions between functional departments, departments, services of the company involved in risk management and their active involvement in the process of creating and maintaining the value of the business in conditions when the risks are becoming increasingly complex and interrelated, using digital and innovation.
RUSSIAN LNG IN THE GLOBAL MARKET: FEATURES, PROSPECTS AND BARRIERS
Authors:   RUDN University, Chernyaev M.V. , Kudriakov D.F. ,   RUDN University
Published: January 2021

The present scientific research examines the current state of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) market, as well as the role and place of the Russian energy resources on the world stage. The article highlights the features of the Russian LNG market development, the existing barriers and prospects. The work includes a dynamic analysis of the global market conditions, current trends and emerging risks caused by modern political and economic realities. In conclusion, the authors suggested a set of measures for increasing competitiveness of the Russian Federation in the global LNG market.
CLOUD SERVICES IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Dubrova T.A. , Esenin M.A. ,   Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA)
Published: January 2021

Analysts’ forecasts point to the prospects for a large-scale global and domestic market of cloud services in demand in various sectors and types of economic activity. The paper analyzes the use of cloud services in the business sector of Russia and the EU countries, taking into account various size groups of enterprises, dynamics and directions of application of cloud technologies, existing barriers. The generalization of European experience is of interest due to the high level of development of small and medium-sized businesses, efforts to create cloud infrastructure, and an extensive system of statistical monitoring for the digitalization development in small, medium and large enterprises. A dynamic increase in the demand for cloud services in the business sector of Russia is revealed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the main barriers hindering the introduction of cloud technologies in domestic small and medium-sized businesses. The directions for improving statistical observation of digital transformation and the introduction of cloud services in the business sector of Russia are proposed, taking into account international experience. The perspectives of collecting information on various categories of enterprises, the development of surveys on the problems of digitalization and the demand for cloud technologies (while ensuring the representativeness of sample data in regional and industry sections) are shown.
VIRTUAL COMMUNICATION: ONLINE SELF-REPRESENTATION STRATEGIES
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, El-Bakhey L.
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with issues related to the peculiarities of user behavior during communication in the network, describes the tools and strategies of self-presentation that they use. The purpose of the study is to understand how strategic self-presentation tools affect changing one’s own image in the eyes of other users. The purpose of the study was to identify the reasons why people want to create a more presentable image in the network, to determine the frequency of use, and what contributes to this. With the help of survey and content analysis the behavior of network users aged from 16 to 25 years, who build their image on the Internet, is analyzed. The results showed that people actually build their image on the network, based on their attitudes, depending on gender and work status.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO STAFF MOTIVATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   Synergy University, Nadtochiy Yu.B. , Surov D.N. ,   MIREA – Russian Technological University
Published: January 2021

Innovative (digital) economy, innovation-these words constantly accompany our life in modern society. Innovations have penetrated into all spheres of human life, and the motivational sphere is no exception. Are there innovative methods of motivating staff? Or is the new a well- forgotten old? How urgent is the need to introduce innovative methods of motivation? These and many other issues are constantly discussed not only by researchers of motivation problems, but also by employers. The article describes the author’s position on the application of innovative approaches to staff motivation, and presents the results of a survey of students.
MODERATION AS A WAY TO EFFECTIVELY CONDUCT EVENTS: METHODICAL ASPECT
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Maslova V.M.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses moderation, which is used for organizing and conducting various events, including internal meetings and working meetings; business meetings and negotiations; consultations for clients and partners, as well as training events. The main factors determining the need to involve a moderator in various events are identified. A step-by-step procedure for preparing and conducting the event is presented, which covers all stages from the organization to making decisions or recommendations. The features of conducting educational and online events using the moderation method are highlighted. The results of the research on this issue are summarized.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT’S ROLE IN ORGANIZATION MATURITY IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Smith Dedrick A. , Hannon John
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we review knowledge management's role in project management (PM). The authors speculate that knowledge management is an indicator of organizational maturity project management. This is as an organization increases its maturity in PM, it uses both informal and formal channels for knowledge transfers between the firm's actors.  The researchers used an online survey and telephone interview process to collect data. The data showed that there was a positive relationship between knowledge management and organization maturity in project management.

In immature firms, the project manager uses informal learning channels to increase their own tacit project management knowledge.  For example, organizations useprojectmanagers’interactions, (internally and externally),unofficialexternaltrainingcourses,andprofessionalorganizationstoincreaseorganizationallearning.As organizational maturityincreases,managersbegintocodifythesechannelsintoformalones thereby creatingexplicit knowledge.  They use channels like databaserepositories,manuals,websites,and official internalandexternaltrainingopportunitiesto foster organizational learning.  In addition, firms use other artifacts suchas PM guides and manuals to facilitate education and knowledge transfer in an organization’s PM methodology and toolsets.

The study also sets forth specific recommendations to project managers, organizations, and the Project Management Institute to include knowledge management and organizational learning as indicators of organization maturity in their Organizational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3©) model.
Degradación del suelo y desarrollo económico en la agricultura familiar de la parroquia Emilio María Terán, Píllaro
Authors: Montatixe Sánchez Christian Iván , Eche Enriquez Mauricio David
Published: January 2021

Esta investigación tiene el propósito de determinar el efecto de la degradación del suelo sobre el ingreso económico de la agricultura familiar en la parroquia Emilio María Terán, cantón Píllaro, provincia de Tungurahua. Se realizó una investigación de campo, mediante la aplicación de encuestas cerradas que permitieron recolectar información referente a datos socioeconómicos, de producción y degradación del suelo. Éstas se aplicaron a 196 agricultores, jefes de hogar, de once barrios que conforman la parroquia. Es claro que el porcentaje de áreas degradadas que no cultivan corresponde al 70,9 %; cualitativamente se demostró que existe una precaria situación económica, así como la presencia de unidades de producción agrícola (UPA) con áreas degradadas; sin embargo, los análisis cuantitativos determinan que la degradación no tiene efecto sobre el ingreso económico.
Bloqueo de inmunoglobulina E en el asma grave
Authors: Purizaca-Bazán Jessica , Ortega-Martell José Antonio
Published: January 2021

El asma es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica y heterogénea que afecta las vías respiratorias inferiores tanto de niños como de adultos. Los pacientes en quienes se han abordado factores modificables y continúan con episodios graves de asma aún después de la aplicación de dosis altas de corticosteroides se les diagnostica con asma grave; esta se asocia con mayor mortalidad y hospitalizaciones, así como con menor calidad de vida y mayores costos de atención médica. Se han identificado mecanismos inmunoinflamatorios tipo 2 altos, bajos y mixtos, en los cuales la inmunoglobulina E es un biomarcador prominente para el asma de inicio temprano y el asma de inicio tardío no alérgico. El bloqueo de la inmunoglobulina E disminuye indirectamente la expresión de su receptor de alta afinidad, disminuyendo la producción de citocinas tipo 2 e inhibiendo la inflamación eosinofílica, así como la modulación de la inflamación tipo 2. Por otro lado, la evidencia preclínica y clínica respalda la existencia de una estrecha contrarregulación de las vías del receptor de inmunoglobulina E de alta afinidad y del interferón, y un posible mecanismo de prevención de exacerbaciones inducidas por virus. La siguiente revisión resume la larga experiencia clínica del resultado de bloquear la inmunoglobulina E en el asma grave.
Aplikasi Portal Jelajah Destinasi Wisata Indonesia Dengan Augmented Reality (AR) dan Video 360° Berbasis Android Sebagai Media Promosi Dan Hiburan
Authors: Reza Fahmi , Fitriyatno Ardi , Nur Hidayat Ahmad , Maisyaroh Maisyaroh , Faizah Siti
Published: January 2021

Indonesia adalah negara indah yang memiliki berbagai macam potensi alam, seni, budaya, sejarah, pendidikan, kuliner, religi, dan teknologi yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai daya tarik utama dibidang pariwisata. Namun kekayaan wisata tersebut juga membutuhkan media promosi yang semenarik mungkin salah satunya melalui aplikasi mobile seperti android. Penelitian ini menerapkan teknologi Augmented Reality (AR) dan Video 360°. Augmented Reality (AR) merupakan salah satu fitur canggih yang dapat diadopsi pada aplikasi android yang menggabungkan antara dunia nyata (real world) dan dunia maya (virtual world). Sedangkan Video 360° sebuah video yang dapat merekam seluruh pemandangan secara 360°. Hasil penelitian yang diharapkan adalah terciptanya sebuah aplikasi sebagai wadah untuk media promosi sekaligus sebagai sarana hiburan baru yang mampu mengangkat potensi wisata yang ada di Indonesia.
Architektur als Chance. Bauen neu denken
Authors: Walser Daniel
Published: January 2021

In the Alpine valleys, life is under pressure. Since very few children live in these areas,
schools in small towns such as Vrin in the Lumnezia valley (Grisons, Switzerland)
are closing, and infrastructures and public life are more and more concentrated
in larger centres. Moreover, communities behave differently nowadays:
people live and move around the whole valley, and old villages are becoming residential
areas. While most of the time architecture in urban areas is driven by the
investors’ interest, things are different in the mountains. In the Alps, where statistics
and the market are not leading criteria for constructing new buildings, architects
can explore new directions and think about innovative and specific solutions
that may accompany the development of living societies. The recent works by
Gion A. Caminada in Valendas and Almens, the buildings by Capaul & Blumenthal
or the architecture projects by Men Duri Arquint in Chur are but a few examples of
a different way of looking at the opportunities that architecture may offer to Alpine
communities.
Zwischen regionalem und persönlichem Kontext: die Arbeit von Bernardo Bader
Authors: Konrad Verena
Published: January 2021

"The Austrian Bregenzerwald (Bregenz Forest) is a region dear to Bernardo Bader
because of both personal and cultural reasons, often used as reference in his work.
His familiarity with the region creates an understanding of and a commitment to
the needs of the local population and the requirements of everyday life, to which
his office provides architectural answers. The Bregenzerwald is well known for its
craftsmanship: tried and trusted methods are held in high regard – they convey a
sense of tradition, combined with a spirit of experimentation and innovation. In his
architecture, Bernardo Bader transforms the impulse to achieve perfect craftsmanship
through a methodological and conceptual openness towards workmanship.
His is a true “stance”, i.e., an attitude towards people and things.
Bernardo Bader’s stance is sincere and authentic. It relates to the regional and personal
context – the context of the village, the neighbourhood, the living conditions
of the users, the surroundings, – and the underlying cultural, political and economic
conditions. At the same time, his stance goes beyond, it dares to take a broader
perspective in order to create buildings that are meant to last. The aim of his architectural
study is to produce elements for everyday use that are long-lasting, thereby
unpretentiously replacing the term “sustainability”, eventually creating an atmosphere,
a mood, a form of echo.
The aim of Bernardo Bader’s architecture is to produce spaces that create an echo,
that inspire our senses – and through our senses, our minds and behaviour. Each
decision matches a gesture. These individual decisions are considerate and careful
in producing a coherent unity with a lightness that shows in its single elements and
as a whole.
Working together means that high quality standards are expected, but also that the
effort, knowledge and responsibility of many individuals is needed. However, cooperation
is also the basis for further development and the establishment of a culture
of criticism that is constructive rather than self-serving. Better solutions are created
when colleagues exchange ideas: this makes them invaluable and a source of joy
for all participants, including clients, users and the overall building culture."
Zeitlose Architekturen
Authors: Wespi Markus , de Meuron Jérôme , Romeo Luca
Published: January 2021

"The architecture of Markus Wespi, Jérôme de Meuron and Luca Romeo generally
seeks a close connection to its surroundings and the local building culture; the architects
look for clues in the existing culture and tradition. They are interested in the
combination of traditional and modern elements, which together form a new unity
and push the historical development forward. In their projects, they seek to achieve
a certain timelessness; the combination of traditional materials with new elements
creates a natural self-evidence that integrates the familiar and the new, thus being
able to continue to develop and survive in the future. In mountainous and sloping locations,
buildings have an enormous impact on the landscape and should therefore
be integrated carefully with it in both form and materials, rather than simply benefitting
from it thanks to large viewing windows. We like the concept of a new building
which seems to have been there for a long time, whose natural materials have developed
a patina which makes them even more beautiful. We are particularly fascinated
by its atmosphere, light and shadow."
Gendered Hate Speech in Swiss WhatsApp Messages
Authors: Binder Larissa , Ueberwasser Simone , Stark Elisabeth
Published: January 2021

This paper provides a first manual analysis of the use of 14 gender-specific swear words in Swiss WhatsApp messages in (Swiss) German, French and Italian. We will show that gender-specific swear words only concern non-participants of the discourse when used offensively, in our data. When such items are directly addressed to the interlocutor, they are rather used ironically or even hypocoristically. Furthermore, we will show that gendered hate speech in this context is not a matter of mutual discrimination by the two sexes, but that Swiss WhatsApp users also refer to people of their own sex using gender-specific swear words.
Discrimination and Hate and Sexist Speech in the Italian Law
Authors: Rosi Elisabetta
Published: January 2021

Sexist language is an incitement to the stigmatization of women as women or of sexual orientation so that it contributes to maintaining the discriminatory situation of these categories. It can be included as a part of conduct in different crimes, but sexist language per se isn’t criminalized in Italy (freedom to manifest one’s thought is a right constitutionally guaranteed). Criminal law has a subsidiary function with respect to the ways in which the phenomena of hate and sexist speech must be combatted. Communication on the Web must be carefully regulated, with the involvement of managers in the processing of self-regulation, in particular the managers of the social networks.
The Legal Framework on Hate Speech and the Internet
Good Practices to Prevent and Counter the Spread of Illegal Hate Speech Online
Authors: Flick Caterina
Published: January 2021

Hate speech includes all forms of expression which spread, incite, promote or justify hatred towards a person or group. The expansion of the Internet has marked an important change in the phenomenon, insofar as content is no longer mediated by editors. Hate speech based on ethnic, racial and religious hatred is recognized as a violation of the human rights set out by the European and international standards. This is not the case for sexist hate speech, although this difference is not justified by the data. The lack of a shared regulatory definition leads to shortcomings in, or even the complete absence of victim protection. Gender equality and freedom of expression are interconnected: enabling hate speech against women and girls to go unpunished limits women’s freedom of information and deprives society of their voices. The balance must be struck by finding the tools for free speech. An overview of such tools is the goal of this contribution.