FORMATION OF SELF-DEPENDENCE OF JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN IN THE COMPREHENSIVE SPACE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Vasenko V. 
Published: July 2021

The article highlights that provision of a person with the ability to quickly adapt and solve problems in new, unusual situations is challenge of today. Its implementation starts being provided by the school of the first degree and represents not only filling of knowledge sphere, but also formation of key competences of schoolchildren which promote their activity as participants of effective development and dynamic development of the state.

Performed analysis of the possibilities of primary education in the implementation of the competency approach, which contributes to the organization of educational activities of primary school students with a predominance of cognitive activity to achieve their independence is provided in the process of acquiring new knowledge and skills. The development of students' self-dependence, their manifestation of initiative, creativity, cognitive interest, etc., is provided by various didactic tools that allow to make learning interesting and exciting not only at the creative and exploratory level, but also in the daily study of subjects.

It is stated that achieving the required level of education and personal development is impossible without systematic independent work, the need in it lies in the school years. Therefore, the school should pay much attention to self-dependent learning activities of students, this concept means a generalized personality trait, which is manifested in initiative, critical thinking, adequate self-esteem and a sense of personal responsibility for their activities and behavior, which is manifested in thinking, willpower. In view of this, only now is a holistic theory and methodology of this process for educational activities being created.

It is established that the importance of self work in the educational process is difficult to overestimate, it forms independence, which is a quality of each person and contributes to the achievement of a truly conscious and strong mastery of information. Based on this, it is confirmed that the level of self-dependence is formed in all primary school lessons gradually. That is, this characteristic is the result of constant, persistent, long-term work of teachers, students and all interested participants in the didactic process.

It is proved that the development of self-dependence is facilitated by a gradual increase in the amount of self work in the classroom, a variety of tasks, the introduction of creative work, combining them with work of a training nature. The ratio of creative and training work in the educational activities of primary school children depends on the stage of study, its content and purpose of the lesson. An essential condition for success is a clear statement of questions, tasks to students. Awareness of their students directs mental activity. The didactic game in the classroom, which not only provides maximum satisfaction to the child is of great importance, but is a powerful means of its development, a means of forming a full-fledged personality. This form promotes the self-dependence of educational activities, promotes the level of skills and knowledge, activates the creative thinking of students and the reserves of their memory, develops interest in the subject, cultivates the ability to work.

The selection of games and game situations for activation of different types of perception and comprehension at all stages of the lesson is offered. Their use was the most timely and effective compared to other methods, the organization of which does not require, on the one hand, time for the teacher to develop them, and on the other hand, memorizing cumbersome rules by students. The results of their application in the educational process provide a higher level of self-dependence in the experimental groups than in the control and are characterized by emotionality, accessibility, cognitive information. Such work should be based on the proposals of such didactic games, the implementation of which does not allow students to act on ready-made templates, but requires the use of knowledge in new situations.