bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Action Learning for Trainers’ Development: A Design for
Postgraduate Studies
Authors: Pun Aaron
Published: May 2006

The article discusses the design, implementation, outcomes and
possibilities of a professional trainers′ postgraduate development
programme offered by the University of East Asia and leading to the
University of Manchester′s Diploma in Training and Development.
Participants are guided through a learner‐centred process in which they
select their own learning goals and evaluate their own learning
experience. Learning outcomes were traced through observation,
interviews and follow‐up discussions and participants were asked to give
feedback, anonymously, after completion of the programme. While
participants saw the value of this manner of learning and their
achievements were encouraging, their learning preference was basically
teacher‐centred and so the action learning approach met with some
resistance.
MCI Management Competences and APL: The Way Forward for
Management Education, Training and Development?
Authors: Baker Barry R.
Published: May 2006

A review of the approach adopted by the Management Charter
Initiative (MCI) towards the use of management competences, drawing on
contemporary research and journal articles, is made. In addition, use is
made of insights and experience gained through involvement in the MCI
Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL) pilot project conducted at
Cheltenham and Gloucester College of Higher Education. Three major
assumptions associated with the MCI competence approach are evaluated
and a specific facet of the Cheltenham and Gloucester College APL
experience, that of high delegate wastage, is examined. An expectancy
model of motivation is used along with an action feedback model to
illustrate and explain some of the potential reasons for a high drop‐out
rate. The model affords an opportunity to provide a rationale to
underpin needed action on the part of the major actors within the APL
management competence approach. In conclusion, a number of summary
propositions predicated by the review are given.
A “New Manager” Programme Designed to Deliver
Authors: Osterweil Carole
Published: May 2006

In spite of the trend to delegate the training and development of
new managers to line managers, new managers often arrive on short
management programmes without clearly formulated learning needs. If
business schools are to deliver significant learning experiences, they
must find ways to help course members identify these needs, and they
must design programmes with the flexibility to address them. Uses the
Developing Managerial Skills Programme developed at Ashridge, with its
learning needs audit, live management exercise and self‐development plan
to illustrate a successful design. Explains the design rationale and
describes the programme, using a model of learning with seven stages:
equilibrium/diagnosis/awareness/resolving/reshaping/experimentation/feedback/integration.
The programme is evaluated by a survey of past participants.
Endeavour in Jamaica: Endeavour Work Project 1989: The Mustard Seed Community, Kingston
Authors: Cranfield Ingrid
Published: May 2006

Endeavour, an educational charity, has two
complementary sections: a commercial training
service offering personal development training
courses and programmes, and a voluntary and
community service which organises activities,
events and community work and provides “a
curriculum of training”, especially for young
people. Endeavour mounts expeditions and work
projects combining adventure with service. In
1989 Endeavour ran a four‐week work project in
Jamaica, in and around the Mustard Seed
Community, Kingston. About 20 volunteers paid
their way and raised money for tools and
materials to use in construction and maintenance
work. They repaired houses and plumbing
amenities and constructed play and adventure
facilities for resident children, many of whom
were handicapped. They also helped care for
(feed, dress, entertain) these children, and joined
with local people in excursions and social gatherings.
Containers on the Ground – A New Zealand Revolution
Authors: Baker Doug
Published: May 2006

Containers are the universally accepted means of
moving goods from country to country, and
increasingly within the same country. The use of
self‐loading semi‐trailers for handling containers
in New Zealand is described. The benefits of their
use and some of the possible problems in the
United Kingdom are outlined.
McDonald′s: A Winner through Logistics
Authors: Ritchie Peter
Published: May 2006

McDonald′s, the fast‐food restaurant chain, is a
worldwide organisation. The logistics function of
McDonald′s Family Restaurants in Australia is
detailed, being an adaptation of the tested systems
of the US McDonald′s operation to suit the
geography and population patterns of Australia.
Management by Holistics – A Business Resource Management Approach
Authors: Ericsson Dag
Published: May 2006

The management philosophy of Management by
Holistics (MbH) is addressed, where attention is
paid to achieve a balance between four vital
resources: human, capital, materials and
information. The approach focuses on the fact that
“the whole is greater than the sum of the parts”
and is based on the conviction that everyone in
an organisation needs clear‐cut goals. A model
for the implementation of this management
approach is defined with reference to Swedish
industry.
Customer Service: Implications for Distribution System Design
Authors: Powell Robinson E. , Satterfield Ronald K.
Published: May 2006

The interaction between customer service policy, as defined by the in‐transit delivery lead time component of the order cycle and the design of least cost distribution systems is examined. A broader view of the distribution system design problem than previously taken in the literature is given and both the firm′s network strategy (number and location of facilities) and transportation strategy (mode/method of shipment) into the planning process are incorporated. Procedures for incorporating customer service policy into the distribution system design process are discussed; the effect of alternate customer service definitions on the least cost distribution system design are evaluated; and new mathematical procedures that integrate customer service policy, network strategy and transportation strategy into a comprehensive planning model are provided. Example problems in the text illustrate the potential benefit of accepting premium transportation costs in return for reduced facility proximity to customers.
Corporate Marketing Strategies – Designed for Shareholders or Customers?
Authors: Young Neil
Published: May 2006

All company employees in the transport and
distribution industry should be marketing‐oriented.
The importance of PR and marketing
practices and strategies for the industry are
analysed and the concept of competitive
benchmarking is introduced with a step‐by‐step
exercise.
Moving Ferries Up‐market
Authors: Morgan Mike
Published: May 2006

Going up‐market is a strategy often proposed for
the ferry industry to compete with the Channel
Tunnel. In 1984, Sealink spent £6 million on a
luxury service to Jersey and Guernsey, replacing
a previous high volume/low yield marketing
approach. Many criticisms can be made in
retrospect of the marketing and pricing tactics
used, which contributed to the £11 million loss
incurred in the first year. However, given a direct
choice between comfort and cost‐savings, most
customers chose the latter. In the light of this
experience the author argues that reinvestment
in luxury ferries on the short sea routes to retain
business in the face of competition will need to
be financed by staff cost reductions rather than
price increases.
Computer Use in the Trucking Industry
Authors: Waters C.D.J.
Published: May 2006

Haulage contractors are always looking for ways
of improving efficiency and reducing costs. These
usually rely on better management practices.
Computers are now an almost essential
management tool and it would be reasonable to
suggest that truck operators should be heavy
users of computer software. There seems to be
a considerable amount of software available to
them, but it has been suggested that this is not
widely used. To see if this is true a survey of the
trucking industry was done in Alberta, Canada.
This survey showed an unexpectedly low use of
computers, with a preference for general business
software rather than specialised packages
designed for truckers. Operators often suggested
their use of computers was limited by a shortage
of adequate software. Overcoming this shortage
could offer considerable benefits to both the
trucking industry and software suppliers.
Elders Pastoral Distribution
Authors: Kosta Andrew
Published: May 2006

In Australia the agricultural industry is experiencing major
trading difficulties. The project reported here was undertaken to
investigate means of streamlining the operation of a major national
supplier of farm input products with the objective of decentralised
selling with centralised cost‐effective support services and nationally
centralised order processing. The preliminary logistics audit is
described including supply chain analysis, inventory management, order
processing and freight/distribution. Analysis of this led to detailed
recommendations. The many recommendations were implemented by the
company during the year of the project′s lifetime – a signal
success!
Regional Variations in Manufacturing Inventory Levels
Authors: McKinnon Alan C.
Published: May 2006

The extent to which the ratio of inventory to value added for
manufacturing industry varies between regions in the UK is examined. An
analysis of regionally disaggregated inventory data obtained from the
British Census of Production reveals wide regional variations in this
ratio, with the three most peripheral regions being significantly
overstocked relative to the national average. Stock levels in one of
these regions, Scotland, are examined in detail in an effort to identify
possible causes of the overstocking. Industrial structure and length of
supply line appear not to be important factors. As much of the excess
inventory is in the work‐in‐progress category, the overstocking is
largely intrinsic to the production operation.
Transport Selection: Computer Modelling in a Spreadsheet Environment
Authors: Tyworth John E.
Published: May 2006

Trade‐offs among logistics cost and service elements often make
transport selection analysis difficult, especially when demand is
uncertain and carriers offer different rates and services. The
spreadsheet environment offers a powerful, manager‐friendly medium for
analysing these trade‐offs. This microcomputer application exploits some
of the recent advances in spreadsheet technology to provide transport
buyers with a tool for evaluating such complex logistical trade‐offs.
This tool demonstrates how the emerging spreadsheet technology makes it
relatively easy to develop a computer‐based model that can capture a
rich level of detail that is beyond the scope of the current transport
selection models using analytical approaches.
Building Relationships in Distribution Channels
Authors: Gattorna John L.
Published: May 2006

Strategic partnering is a method of developing a relationship
between two members of a distribution channel based on the growth of
understanding, trust and shared information. It does not rely on
personal relationships between individuals but is initiated at the
highest management levels and becomes a part of the corporate structures
concerned. The resulting development of integrated marketing plans,
joint strategies and tactics allows the partner organisations to develop
and maintain strategic fit between their capabilities and goals and
their changing market opportunities. Electronic data interchange
technology confers direct benefits through lower transaction costs,
faster response times and more cost‐effective service to customers.
Rio de Janeiro Mass Transportation System: The Social Role Played by the Metro Lines
Authors: Barat Josef
Published: May 2006

The background and an overall review of the implementation of the
Rio de Janeiro Rapid Transit System – Metro – with its
implications in the structure of the transport system within the
metropolitan area and in its urban development is provided. Emphasis is
given to the social role played by the Metro lines in terms of reducing
the travel costs and travelling time of the working population. As such
it is also a major political issue which will affect federal and state
governments′ priorities and resources allocation.
On the Problems of the Chinese Economic Reformation
Authors: Wenyuan Yong
Published: May 2006

The article discusses the hidden contradictions and the theoretical
problems in economic reform. It argues that a new operational model of
the socialist economy will be established in China. Its fundamental
characteristics are multi‐ownership structures with public ownership as
its main body, separation of ownership and management in the state‐owned
economy, and organic combination between planning and market regulation
on the base of the planned commodity economy.
A Comparative Analysis of the Job Opportunities Offered to Hotel and Catering Graduates
Authors: Jameson Stephanie M. , Hargraves Simon
Published: May 2006

The “demographic time bomb” will have
implications for all industries, especially in the
recruitment of graduates. This situation is
explored with reference to the hotel and catering
industry in the UK. Research carried out into the
job opportunities for graduates in this sector of
industry is reported with regard to the types of
job package offered; training; levels of
responsibility and career prospects; salary and
fringe benefits. It was found that the packages
offered exhibit similarities and differences when
compared with those offered by other industries
and concludes that the present situation in the
hotel and catering industry may have arisen from
a failure to regard itself as competing in the wider
graduate labour market.
UK Computer Industry: American, British and Japanese Contrasts in Human Resource Management
Authors: Oliver Nick , Lowe James
Published: May 2006

The management practices of three organisations in the computer
industry, one North American, one Japanese and one British owned are
described. Although operating in similar marketplaces, markedly
different management styles and practices were apparent, with the
British company showing much less evidence of “human resource
management” activities than the other two.
Redundant Executive: Personality and the Job Change Experience
Authors: Tyson Shaun , Doherty Noeleen
Published: May 2006

Research undertaken to examine the relationship between personality
and careers is reported. A study of the personality characteristics of
204 executives who had been made redundant compared 16PF profiles with
those of similar populations and it is argued that there are
identifiable characteristics amongst the redundant sample, which show
them to be more creative and unconventional, but that they also possess
a lack of social skills and poor organisational survival abilities. This
suggests it is both personality and “social fit” which are
significant in suffering an enforced job change. Further research drew
on the experiences of 299 executives who had been made redundant. This
study explored their reactions to the job loss event and their
subsequent learning from experience, in terms of “psychological
growth” and the changing patterns of their careers. This suggested
that there is a wide variation in the response to the enforced job
change and that the personality factors associated with this type of
executive may strongly influence their subsequent career paths.
Presenting Your Case
Authors: Booth Pat F.
Published: May 2006

Library and other information workers often have to present their
case (arguments in support of a particular proposal, seeking acceptance,
permission, justification) at various levels and in various
circumstances, for example, a plan for extending a service, requesting
additional funds for a project, proposing a change in systems,
explaining why a service has been discontinued, or supporting a job
application. A stage‐by‐stage process of preparation, delivery and
feedback is described.
Budgeting for the Smaller Specialised Library
Authors: Cropley Jacqueline
Published: May 2006

Many librarians in smaller specialised libraries have to work with
limited and diminishing resources, very often because the importance of
the service is not fully understood by the funding body. Detailed
presentation of accounts is explained illustrating how a professional
presentation can assist in a library′s budgetary requirements by
providing a clear picture of expenditure and needs, and a basis for
trend analysis and projections.
IT Applications in Libraries
Authors: Shinebourne John
Published: May 2006

The basics of computer operations are explained in detail and the
costs and benefits involved. However, in the context of libraries their
applications can be justified only if the users of the library and
information service and their informational needs warrant this. An
organisational objective must be achieved through the computer, which
would not have been gained without it. Otherwise computerisation in
libraries would be difficult to justify.
THE ROLE OF AGEISM IN THE RECRUITMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF PERSONNEL
Authors: Lister Eva
Published: May 2006

The phenomenon of ageism is considered,
especially in view of the shortage of young
people entering the job market. Employers
need to overcome their ignorance and
prejudice and consider the undoubted
advantages of employing older workers if
they wish to fill their job vacancies. The
article advocates speedy legislation to outlaw
ageism and thus restore older people to their
rightful place as a valued part of the workforce.
DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL TRENDS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INFORMATION PROFESSION: PART 2
Authors: Jackson Sarah
Published: May 2006

In this second of two articles, the author
examines the implications of demographic
and social trends for Library and
Information Studies Schools including
present and future demand and supply for
training. The response of the Schools by way
of course changes and recruitment policies is
discussed. The market for information
professionals will also be affected when there
is greater competition for new graduate
labour. Ways of tackling the skills shortage
could include: tied contracts, providing better
prospects for women, increasing staff training
and benefit packages, improving the image of
the profession, and exploiting alternative
sources of labour.
A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO LIBRARY WORK
Authors: Hannabuss Stuart
Published: May 2006

Management of library resources takes place
in a context of uncertainty. Statistical
probability is suggested as a way of reducing
this uncertainty. Analysis using Bayes′
Theorem enables the manager to calculate
conditional probabilities when the outcomes
are known, and to review probabilities when
extra information is provided. Three practical
applications (to library supply, user studies,
and budgetary choices) are demonstrated.
Managing Employee Assistance Programmes
Authors: Schmidenberg Olive C. , Cordery John L.
Published: May 2006

An in‐depth, qualitative study of managers and
accountants in a large Australian metropolitan
banking organisation investigated the problems
experienced by those responsible for the
implementation of their organisation′s Employee
Assistance Programme (EAP) guidelines. Two
major elements were found to work against the
EAP′s comfortable integration, and hence its
utilisation, in the organisation. These related to
the supervisor′s role in the diagnosis of alcohol‐related
poor performance and the early
intervention objective of the EAP. Findings are
discussed in relation to their implications for
successful implementation of EAPs, notably the
need for the tailoring of EAP guidelines to make
them compatible with existing organisational
systems (e.g. formal and informal performance
appraisal procedures) as well as with managerial
practices normal to the organisation′s culture.
Smoking and the Work Environment
Authors: Jones Tonya H. , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2006

Smoking is a health hazard to both the smoker
and non‐smoker who must breathe secondhand
smoke. Increasingly the non‐smoker is becoming
more vocal about being exposed to smoke‐laden
air in the work environment. If companies do not
have a policy concerning smoking, they should
seriously consider implementing such a policy.
What is Culture: and Can it be Useful for Organisational
Change Agents?
Authors: Potter Christopher C.
Published: May 2006

Although the term organisational culture is now widely used, there
is little agreement as to its definition. This can lead to very
superficial analysis. Unfortunately, although culture is a key concept
in anthropology, its use in the anthropological literature is equally
confused. A way forward is offered by considering the cultural approach
as a way of approaching organisational data. Advantages of a culturally
sensitive approach by consultants and managers involved in
organisational change and problem solving are described. These include
an holistic approach to data, ensuring a broad frame of reference, and a
recognition that there will be a variety of competing world views
significant both to our understanding of what is going on and to
implementing proposals. In particular, a distinction is made between
“emic” and “etic” explanations, and its
importance to successful implementation of change is described. Finally,
the issues of organisational pluralism and subcultures are considered.
Nominal Group Process in Organisational Development Work
Authors: Honeycutt Alan , Richards Bill
Published: May 2006

The Nominal Group Process is one of a group of techniques that has
been formulated to supplement the interactive group process. The NGP can
be directly used to identify specific problems or areas of
organisational concern. The technique has the secondary effect of
facilitating overall communications (it begins to “break the
ice” between participants). The structured format actually
encourages participants to communicate, yet prevents those few
participants from controlling the process. Because the NGP is so
versatile, it is applicable in either simple problem identification or
complex organisational development efforts.
Retrospective Sensemaking on a Mentor and his Magic: An
Introduction to the Contributions of Louis R. Pondy, 1938‐1987
Authors: Pate Larry E. , Boje David M.
Published: May 2006

This article introduces the contributions made by a leading
management scholar (Lou Pondy) and discusses ways he responded as a
mentor to the questionings of his many students.
Developing Entrepreneurial Behaviours: A Social Learning
Theory Perspective
Authors: Scherer Robert F. , Adams Janet S. , Wiebe Frank A.
Published: May 2006

Research on entrepreneurial behaviour has been largely descriptive
in nature. Critics of the field have called for an interdisciplinary
approach to build theory. A social learning theory framework is proposed
for explanation and prediction of entrepreneurial development. Research
questions are posed and a model developed to guide future enquiry.
Human Resource Evaluation for the 1990s and the Workforce 2000
Authors: Steinhaus Stephen D. , Morris Gary W.
Published: May 2006

Selection systems have been viewed as
relatively static screens which
eliminate less desirable job candidates.
In an environment of scarcity this
ceases to be an appropriate model.
Instead, employers will use person‐focused
approaches, which identify
individual abilities, capitalise on those
abilities, and circumvent the
individual′s limitations through training,
job assignment or reallocation of tasks
within the work group. As a
consequence, a shift is required from
an emphasis on selection to a broader
span of diagnostic procedures which
yield information which others in the
organisation will use to govern how (not
if) they will work with the individual.
In addition, characteristics of the
diagnostic procedures must be adapted
to new job and workforce conditions.
Evaluation of skill development and
employee qualification throughout
one′s career will become the norm.
Career Dynamics in the Baby Boom and Baby Bust Era
Authors: Brousseau Kenneth R.
Published: May 2006

The expansion of the US economy
during the 1950s and 1960s, combined
with a relatively small baby boom,
created unparalleled opportunities for
upward movement in organisations.
The 1990s, however, with a baby bust
aftermath and adverse economic
trends, are turning career opportunities
upside down. Organisational
growth has been slowed down, and
many middle and upper management
jobs have been eliminated. However
the baby‐boomers are now looking for
such positions, with meagre prospects,
whilst the baby‐boomers of the 1960s
and 1970s can scarcely match up to the
demand for low‐level entrants to
industry. To combat this uneven
situation, the established concepts and
cultures of careers must be totally
revised. The alternative, linear, steady
state, spiral and transitory career views
are all examined and their
interchangeability, where possible, is
discussed. It is concluded that
fundamental changes must be made in
the ways in which careers are
structured and managed in
organisations, resulting in balancing
productivity and morale against the
distribution of money, power and
prestige.
Organizing Narratives/Codes/ Poetics
Authors: Hawes Leonard C.
Published: May 2006

Given the dynamic structure of corporate conflict between
engineering and sales, how can those two dissimilar realities be managed
such that change is possible? The network of assumptions that is
each of these realities is not immediately accessible to the
“other”; such assumptive networks are coded through its
members and located in silence. The trick in managing any organisational
change effort is to interrogate those realities in ways that require its
members to respond self‐reflectively with narratives rather than
unreflectively with codes. Managing an organisational change effort
requires that codes be transformed into narratives in ways that blur the
boundaries and then redraw them along different lines.
Formalising Storytelling in Organisations: A Key Agenda for
the Design of Training
Authors: Vance Charles M.
Published: May 2006

Storytelling, which is widely recognised as having a powerful
influence upon learning in organisations, should be formalised to
promote a more systematic, predictable individual learning and change
process. The training function represents a natural arena where
formalisation can take place. Four ways are described in which
storytelling as part of formal training can contribute to more effective
individual learning in organisations, which in turn may contribute to
successful organisational change and performance.
Towards the Conceptual Differentiation of Organisation
Development
Authors: Lundberg Craig C.
Published: May 2006

OD conceptualisation has been criticised as being both
underdeveloped and too unduly narrow in its focus. Several ways that
OD′s conceptualisation might be enhanced are suggested: on the one hand
by differentiating its models and theories in terms of their conceptual
level or scope, and on the other hand in terms of an enlarged set of
fundamental organisational tasks, different levels of change agent
intentionality, and the time frame involved in change. These suggested
ways of reconceptualising the theoretic possibilities for OD would move
it away from its mostly fix‐it, how‐to, internal problem‐solving image.
Information Systems and Structured Techniques
Authors: Taylor James
Published: May 2006

Traditional methods of developing computer systems have left many
companies without the systems they need and many potential users
despairing of ever getting a system worth using. Structured techniques
and computer‐aided tools are hyped as the answer to all systems
development problems. Are they solutions or just other ways for computer
departments to spend money?
UNIX – The Impetus for Change
Authors: Heath Nigel
Published: May 2006

Speculation as to the impact of UNIX systems is
rife throughout the industry. Interest in the final
outcome is not confined to the major
manufacturers. Software developers are
experiencing significant demand from users
anxious to reap the benefits of true applications
portability. The benefits of UNIX are felt on a very
broad front. It is not only developers who will
make significant savings: users, no longer
constrained by proprietary restrictions, will have
a far greater choice of both hardware and software
products. However, UNIX is not a perfect
operating system. Its limitations are generally well
known, and the long‐standing debate on which
standards will finally be adopted seems no nearer
resolution. But it is only a matter of time before
the age of true applications portability finally
dawns.
Simulating JIT Manufacturing: Prospects and Pitfalls
Authors: Bedwell‐Brace Sylvia , Inman R. Anthony
Published: May 2006

The simulation of JIT manufacturing offers a
number of prospective benefits to its users.
Unfortunately, a number of pitfalls also await those
who utilise the technique without first establishing
the proper foundation. A number of benefits
obtainable from JIT simulation are proposed, as
well as warnings of possible problems. Also
presented and discussed are a number of
recommendations for avoiding many of these
potential problems. Any JIT manufacturing firm
should be able to utilise simulation to its benefit
provided that its use is carefully implemented.
Computerised Quality Assurance Information Systems: A
Regulatory Agency in the Banking Sector
Authors: Yasin Mahmoud M. , Yavas Ugur , Alavi Jafar
Published: May 2006

In a period of rapid environmental change, banks recognise that
their survival hinges on their ability to innovate and be responsive to
the needs of their customers. Partially spawned by such recognitions,
private banks have grasped computer‐based management information systems
and incorporated them into all facets of their operations. Their public
sector counterparts, however, have been rather tentative in adopting
computerised information systems. A proposed computerised quality
assurance information system (CQAIS) is described. The system was
designed after systematically studying the internal operations of a
public agency charged with regulating the activities of banks in a
Southeastern state in the United States. The objectives and components
of the CQAIS are presented and requirements for its successful
implementation are discussed.
Forces at Work: The Market for Personal Financial Services
Authors: Thwaites Des
Published: May 2006

The market for personal financial services within the UK has
undergone significant change over the last decade. Forces for change
which have influenced market evolution include the economic climate,
rising asset values, increasing wealth, privatisation, deregulation and
a range of Government incentives. Appreciation of the organisation′s
ability to cope in this new environment may be heightened by undertaking
a systematic evaluation of resource strengths and weaknesses and
relating these to the opportunities and threats posed by the
environment. Financial institutions may be compared by preparing an
individual SWOT analysis. The new decade will see winners and losers
with the most successful organisations developing a clear business
mission and a well articulated strategy which controls costs and
provides competitive advantages. Winners will focus on customer needs
and clearly differentiate their products through noticeably higher
levels of service quality. Marketing will play an important part in
their success.
Evaluating Leicestershire′s Book Bus
Authors: Lewins Helen , Paterson Fiona
Published: May 2006

An evaluation study is reported of the Leicestershire Libraries and
Information Service Book Bus service to children in the inner areas of
Leicester. A qualitative approach was taken using interviews with the Book
Bus staff, and with both present and former users. The popularity of the
service was confirmed and a positive correlation established between use of
the Book Bus and the use of other libraries by Book Bus members.
Cultural Approaches to Negotiations: Understanding the Japanese
Authors: Hawrysh Brian Mark , Lynne Zaichkowsky Judith
Published: May 2006

Recent studies in Japanese and American negotiating styles are reviewed, and it is found that bargaining behaviours are affected by culture from the beginning of the negotiation process. These differences can be viewed as a set of styles, habits, skills and expectations that might be understood through ethnographic analysis. Once the bases for the differences in negotiation styles are understood, negotiating across cultures may be a more efficient process.
The Expert Wine Taster
Authors: Edwards Frances , Mort Gillian
Published: May 2006

It is intended to explore the use of an interesting research
methodology in the relatively unresearched area of wine marketing. The
literature on wine marketing is briefly reviewed, wine as a product
discussed, the concept of opinion leadership is examined, and the verbal
protocol research method explained. The project currently under way will
then develop a model of expert wine tasting, confirm and refine it, from
which marketing and research implications will be drawn.
Marketing Orientation: More than Just Customer Focus
Authors: Sharp Byron
Published: May 2006

As the wine industry globally is pushed towards a marketing
orientation, what does this mean for companies and their managers and
owners? Distinction should be made between market orientation and
marketing orientation. Market orientation places the
customer at the top of the organisational chart, yet in the wine
industry the customer can be very fickle. As such it does not
encapsulate the marketing concept of the matching process – it is
not a marketing orientation. The true marketing
orientation has evolved from a realisation of the inadequacies of
production and sales orientation. Marketing orientation should
give equal weight to customer demands and to company requirements. It
must choose its markets and manage its own productive capabilities in
order to achieve its goals in pursuit of a strategic policy. In the wine
industry in particular, it is imperative for management that customer
and company needs and wants should be correctly balanced.
Behavioural Segmentation in the Australian Wine Market
Using Conjoint Choice Analysis
Authors: Johnson Lester W. , Ringham Liane , Jurd Kevin
Published: May 2006

A methodology for segmenting the Australian wine market on a
behavioural basis is proposed and illustrated. The initial segmentation
is accomplished by using estimated conjoint part‐worths for the
attributes of price, variety, area and vintage as criteria in a cluster
analysis. A multinominal logit choice model is then estimated for each
segment using data from a conjoint choice experiment in order to
determine what critical variables drive the choice process in each
segment. The results illustrate the usefulness of a behaviourally‐based
segmentation scheme when coupled with conjoint choice analysis in
determining critical choice drivers.
The Japan That Can Say ″No″ Revisited
Authors: Lazer William , Yamanouchi Rynn Midori
Published: May 2006

A note commenting on the recent book, The Japan That Can Say
“No”, written by Akio Morita and Shintaro Ishihara. The
authors provide their own translation, interpretation and reactions to
the unusual views expressed in a book not intended for the US market
which generated an acrimonious US response. Notes the problems arising
from a “loose” translation and the usefulness of airing
hostile opinion. The book′s main thrust seems to be that saying
“No” may improve understanding and co‐operation between two
nations when economics are inextricably linked.
Quality in Gear Manufacture: A Case Study
Authors: Birkett A.J. , Braiden P.M.
Published: May 2006

The result of a Teaching Company Scheme between the University of Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne and Eaton Ltd (axle division), Newton Aycliffe, is presented. The programme was devel‐.pb oped to address quality problems encountered in the manufacture of the main driving gears in truck axles. There had been quality‐related rejections of gearsets in the plant and by customers. The nature of the problems was essentially unknown; it was generally termed “distortion” and was thought to be related to the heat treatment process. The approach to quality appraisal in two areas of the plant is described and a description of the production environment is outlined. The use of quality procedures and reporting systems for quantitative analysis is developed. Among the major findings are: the need for communication; the important role of simple quality systems; the need to identify material quality and process‐induced variables.
Risk, Hazard and Negligence in an Electricity Distribution System
Authors: Stillman R.H. , Darveniza M. , Shannon G.
Published: May 2006

This article is concerned with the application of human statistical techniques to risk engineering in the electricity distribution system in Australia. It examines legal negligence in terms of the cause of action, care and duty, and economic criteria. A mathematical hazard model of risk analysis is presented.
Lessons from Tanzania’s Experience of Rural Local
Government Reform
Authors: Mutizwa‐Mangiza N.D.
Published: May 2006

Rural local government is an important aspect of development
planning and implementation in third world nations and, for that reason,
has received a lot of attention in post‐colonial Africa. Tanzania′s
experience is reviewed and provides important lessons for those
countries currently involved in local government reforms. Such lessons
concern the relationship between party and local government; the
central‐local financial relationship; the popular belief that central
government is capable of everything; and flexibility and openness on the
part of central government policy makers.
Public Management Development: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Savoie Donald J.
Published: May 2006

For a variety of reasons, public management development policies
have become the fad in many Western industrialised countries in recent
years. As governments move to see their operations managed other than
simply administered, they are looking for ways to provide new management
skills to their managers. In addition, senior government officials
themselves see management development programmes as a way to strengthen
the corporate culture and purpose of public bureaucracies. Attempts at
launching new public management policies in several OECD countries are
reviewed. The purpose is to draw out the similarities and differences in
the approaches being tried. It is revealed that there are a great deal
of similarities. For one thing, governments are looking inside their
operations for solutions rather than turning to universities or the
private sector. For another, the standard lecture approach to teaching
has lost much of its appeal in the new programmes. In some instances,
participants from the private sector are invited to attend the new
courses.
Organisational Response to Environmental Turbulence: The
Management of Change in English Local Government
Authors: Isaac‐Henry Kester , Painter Chris
Published: May 2006

The management of organisational change has assumed critical
importance in English local government. Participant perceptions of this
change process are examined, reflecting interviews conducted with Chief
Executive Officers in 1989‐90. After considering external pressures for
change and emerging roles of CEOs, the prerequisites for effective
management of change are identified and the strategic responses
necessitated by a natural resistance to change. It is argued that the
change process in this particular institutional setting raises some
distinctive issues.
How to Organise Agricultural Research and Technology
Transfer: Lessons from India and Nigeria
Authors: Goldsmith Arthur A.
Published: May 2006

Is there a “best” way to set up national systems to
develop and transfer better agricultural technology? The answer is of
particular significance to African countries, which are struggling to
solve their food problems. Drawing on a comparison of two developing
countries, this article argues that a matrix structure, in which there
are multiple organisational links reaching upward and across the system,
is essential to propagate new farming technology. Successful
restructuring of technology systems along these lines, however, requires
political mobilisation of farmers, something few African governments
have been willing or able to do.
Developing the Learning Manager
Authors: Harris Philip R.
Published: May 2006

Jobs in the future will be more demanding and tomorrow′s workers
will have to learn new techniques to maintain their marketability. It is
argued that what organisation development as a strategy does for the
renewal of institutions, professional or human resource development does
for the renewal of individuals. Because a learning manager exercises
leadership in both processes, some of the enabling skills required are
described, particularly human skills that can be learnt.
Teaching Applied Psychology to American and British
Managers
Authors: Ottaway Richard N.
Published: May 2006

The cultural differences between British and American managers
observed while teaching applied psychology to classes of both
nationalities are discussed. Each group was taught materials with a
dominant cognitive and affective focus in university and management
development courses. Two categories of differences are identified:
personal perspectives and educational philosophy. Under personal
perspectives, the influence of the future orientation of the Americans
and the past orientation of the British are considered. These
differences may account for the desire of subjective learning
experiences on the part of the Americans and objective experiences for
the British. The past and future orientation may also account for the
interest in Freudian theories applied to management education in Britain
and the humanistic school in America. It is concluded that the
educational philosophies are very different, with the Americans having a
very utilitarian view of education, dating back to the Land Grant
colleges and the acceptance of part‐time students.
Phases and Levels of Organisational Change
Authors: Rashford Nicholas S. , Coghlan David
Published: May 2006

Kubler‐Ross′ stages of death and dying – denial, anger,
bargaining, depression and acceptance‐have formed the basis of much of
the therapeutic work with the terminally ill. As death and dying are the
ultimate instances of change in a person′s life, it is hypothesised that
Kubler‐Ross′ work has an application to the theory and process of
change. A four‐stage model of organisational change‐denying, dodging,
doing and sustaining – based on Kubler‐Ross is presented. These
four stages are linked to the four organisational levels, generating a
seven‐phase framework that integrates the complex interplay of denying,
dodging, doing and sustaining in the individual, the team, the group and
the organisation.
OD Interventions in Catholic Religious Orders
Authors: Coghlan David
Published: May 2006

Organisation Development has played a significant role in the
renewal of Catholic religious orders since the Second Vatican Council
(1962‐5). Religious orders have used consultants in their change
processes. As religious orders are a unique form of non‐profit
organisation and have a particular culture based on their vocational
service nature, consultants must be sensitive to this culture. This
article describes OD interventions on four levels of apostolic religious
ministry.
Netmap: An Innovative Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Livingston Donald G. , Berkes Leslie J.
Published: May 2006

The ways an organisation goes about getting things done are
commonly quite different from the command, control and communications
relationships defined by formal organisation charts, written policies,
procedure manuals, and job descriptions. Managerial reliance upon the
definitive/coercive model inherent in these typical documents leads to
erroneous identification of issues and inappropriate remedies. Until
recently there has been no paradigm for description of how organisations
actually work, but a computer‐based methodology of elegant simplicity,
based upon the concept of the organisation as a reciprocal,
interdependent, negotiated network of relationships, is now available.
It offers a CAT‐scan‐like, many‐angled look at the physiology of an
organisation under any number of operating or prospective operating
circumstances to show cultural alignments, communications flows,
utilisation of knowledge workers, disparities in procedures and
department charters between actual and formally defined, the impact of
reward systems and the characteristics in integrative links.
Consequences of contemplated organisational changes, interventions or
strategies can be dynamically simulated. Certain data conventions and
illustrative applications of the new procedures are presented.
Outplacement in a University Setting
Authors: Lucas Ann F.
Published: May 2006

Higher education has been faced with some of the same problems that
have triggered widescale lay‐offs in industry. This article is an
account of how one university engaged in organisational development
interventions to retrain and reassign 58 dislocated faculty members and
set up a humane outplacement programme for another 110 faculty. Tracking
of faculty who participated in outplacement efforts indicated a 94 per
cent success rate, defined as securing employment in another position
which was enjoyed as much as or more than employment at the university.
The Manufacturing Phoenix
Authors: Walley B.H.
Published: May 2006

How the manufacturing industry may bring about its own recovery is
considered. The key factors which have led to this international problem
are discussed. An important strategy is an environmental analysis which
will lead to a corporate mission statement. Complementary to this is the
numerical “game plan”. Suitable corporate action plans will
set out key objectives, together with appropriate methodologies. A
number of failed managerial techniques are outlined.
Stephen Hinde on Internal Audit‐A Personal Perspective
Authors: Brodie Morris
Published: May 2006

Personal views are expressed on the most significant recent
developments in the internal audit field. Evidence is offered of
managerial progress, and the need for a broad concept of internal audit
is emphasised. The impact of COMPACS conferences, changing technology,
the international dimension and new professional directions are
described.
Information Management – The Key to Corporate
Success
Authors: Chambers Andrew D.
Published: May 2006

The developing role of information is explored within modern
business, and in particular the use of strategic information systems to
gain competitive advantage. It is suggested that IT requires significant
redesign of enterprises with regard to organisation, behaviour,
direction and planning.
Professional Ethics and Audit
Authors: Gavin Thomas A. , Klinefelter Donald S.
Published: May 2006

Self‐ethics are what organisations and professionals should aim
for. A comparison is made between legal and medical ethics. This is
followed by a discussion of the ethical dimensions of the accounting and
auditing professions.
The Internal Auditor: Management Assistant
Authors: Vinten Gerald
Published: May 2006

It is argued that auditors whose sole orientation in assisting
management is that of classical management thinking will be of only
limited help. Auditors need to become aware of all the ramifications of
the management role. Only then, it is claimed, will they truly fulfil
the brief set for them in the Standards for the Professional Practice of
Internal Auditing.
Three Experiences with Action Learning: Audit Training
Meets the Real World
Authors: Codori Carol A.
Published: May 2006

The experience of using students as part of an internal audit team
is described. Teaching staff and consulting advisers worked with
students on three successive “live cases” within their own
institution. Some prior auditing experience provided the best foundation
for developing and showing skills but students may have learned most
from the experience of facing problems they were not prepared for.