bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth of Human Septal Chondrocytes in Fibrin Scaffolds
Authors: Watson Deborah , Sage August , Chang Angela A. , Schumacher Barbara L. , Sah Robert L.
Published: February 2010

Background

Tissue engineering of nasal septal cartilage has been the focus of research owing to its superior structural rigidity and ease of harvest. In vitro constructs formed from septal chondrocytes using fibrin glue within a polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffold have been shown to be viable, but their cellular growth and expression of differentiated features still have not been quantified. In this study, we evaluated cellular proliferation and production of cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) components in fibrin glue preparations within a PGA scaffold.

Methods

Human chondrocytes were expanded for one passage in monolayer in culture medium. The cells were then grown in (1) fibrinogen, 1/2×–thrombin, 1/2× (F/2:T/2); (2) fibrinogen, 1/10×–thrombin, 1/10× (F/10:T/10); (3) fibrinogen, 1×–thrombin, 1/100× (F/1:T/100).

Results

Cellular proliferation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production per cell were highest in the F/2:T/2 preparations. Greater proliferation was seen in chondrocyte–fibrin composites seeded onto the PGA scaffold when compared with chondrocytes seeded onto the PGA scaffold alone. No significant difference in GAG production was seen.

Conclusions

The addition of fibrin glue to chondrocytes seeded onto a PGA scaffold results in increased cellular proliferation while maintaining production of ECM components. Long-term stable fibrin gels in combination with PGA scaffolds may facilitate generation of cartilaginous tissue for use in reconstructive surgery.
How Safe Are Our Schools?
Authors: Mayer Matthew J. , Furlong Michael J.
Published: February 2010

Schools are basically safe places for children. School violence and disruption, although in decline through the mid- to late 1990s, remains a concern. National surveys that inform research, policy, and practice have been designed for different purposes and can present conflicting findings. Common standards of risk and harm that could advance policy and practice are lacking. Progress in the field of school safety has been hindered by the lack of a coherent conceptual structure to guide measurement and research. This article identifies some of the conceptual and methodological challenges that must be addressed and calls for a 10-year national strategic plan to improve school safety.
How Can We Improve School Discipline?
Authors: Osher David , Bear George G. , Sprague Jeffrey R. , Doyle Walter
Published: February 2010

School discipline addresses schoolwide, classroom, and individual student needs through broad prevention, targeted intervention, and development of self-discipline. Schools often respond to disruptive students with exclusionary and punitive approaches that have limited value. This article surveys three approaches to improving school discipline practices and student behavior: ecological approaches to classroom management; schoolwide positive behavioral supports; and social and emotional learning. The article examines their epistemological and empirical roots and supporting research, suggesting ways to combine approaches.
What Can Be Done About School Bullying?
Authors: Swearer Susan M. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Vaillancourt Tracy , Hymel Shelley
Published: February 2010

In this article, the authors review research on individual, peer, and school contributions that may be critical factors for enhancing efforts to address bullying among students. Methodological challenges are delineated, with an emphasis on how bullying is defined and assessed and the subsequent implications for bullying prevention and intervention program evaluation. The impact of school-based anti-bullying programs and the challenges currently facing educators and researchers in this area are discussed. The article concludes with a proposal for a broader, ecologically based model of school bullying based on the emerging literature.
Dewars and relics in Scotland: some clarifications and questions
Authors: Márkus Gilbert
Published: February 2010

The deòradh in medieval Scotland has nothing to do with the crown official called the toschederach, nor does the word ever refer to a relic. The deòradh is a hereditary relic-keeper. The scattered surviving records include charters and annals, but also – when read with this in mind – the literature of saints' cults. These show that the relic, and therefore sometimes (but not always) a deòradh, could be involved in representations of ecclesiastical authority, for cursing and blessing, for raising tribute, enforcing laws and inaugurating kings, for bringing battle victory or preventing battle altogether, for the swearing of oaths, for the protection of private property, for healing the sick and for the protection of the dead and dying. The record also reveals something of the economic position of the deòradh and his land-holding, and how this position began to change in the sixteenth century.
Biological Contribution to Social Influences on Alcohol Drinking: Evidence from Animal Models
Authors: Anacker Allison M.J. , Ryabinin Andrey E.
Published: February 2010

Social factors have a tremendous influence on instances of heavy drinking and in turn impact public health. However, it is extremely difficult to assess whether this influence is only a cultural phenomenon or has biological underpinnings. Research in non-human primates demonstrates that the way individuals are brought up during early development affects their future predisposition for heavy drinking, and research in rats demonstrates that social isolation, crowding or low social ranking can lead to increased alcohol intake, while social defeat can decrease drinking. Neurotransmitter mechanisms contributing to these effects (i.e., serotonin, GABA, dopamine) have begun to be elucidated. However, these studies do not exclude the possibility that social effects on drinking occur through generalized stress responses to negative social environments. Alcohol intake can also be elevated in positive social situations, for example, in rats following an interaction with an intoxicated peer. Recent studies have also begun to adapt a new rodent species, the prairie vole, to study the role of social environment in alcohol drinking. Prairie voles demonstrate a high degree of social affiliation between individuals, and many of the neurochemical mechanisms involved in regulation of these social behaviors (for example, dopamine, central vasopressin and the corticotropin releasing factor system) are also known to be involved in regulation of alcohol intake. Naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist approved as a pharmacotherapy for alcoholic patients, has recently been shown to decrease both partner preference and alcohol preference in voles. These findings strongly suggest that mechanisms by which social factors influence drinking have biological roots, and can be studied using rapidly developing new animal models.
Hydrologic Conditions Describe West Nile Virus Risk in Colorado
Authors: Shaman Jeffrey , Day Jonathan F. , Komar Nicholas
Published: February 2010

We examine the relationship between hydrologic variability and the incidence of human disease associated with West Nile virus (WNV; family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) infection (hereafter termed “human WN cases”) in Colorado from 2002 to 2007. We find that local hydrologic conditions, as simulated by the Mosaic hydrology model, are associated with differences in human WN cases. In Colorado’s eastern plains, wetter spring conditions and drier summer conditions predict human WN cases. In Colorado’s western mountains, drier spring and summer conditions weakly predict human WN cases. These findings support two working hypotheses: (1) wet spring conditions increase the abundance of Culex tarsalis vectors in the plains, and (2) dry summer conditions, and respondent irrigational practices during such droughts, favor Cx. pipiens and Cx. tarsalis abundance throughout Colorado. Both of these processes potentially increase the local vector-to-host ratio, favoring WNV amplification among competent avian hosts and bridging to humans.
Temporal and Spatial Regulation of miR-320 in the Uterus during Embryo Implantation in the Rat
Authors: Xia Hong-Fei , Jin Xiao-Hua , Song Pei-Pei , Cui Yi , Liu Chun-Mei , Ma Xu
Published: February 2010

The implantation process is complex, requiring reciprocal interactions between implantation-competent blastocysts and the receptive uterus. There were reports to show that some microRNAs (miRNAs) may play a key role during embryo implantation in mouse. However, the miR-320 expression profiles in the rat uterus during peri-implantation are unknown. In the present study, we found that the expression level of miR-320 was lower on day 5 of gestation (g.d. 5) in rats than g.d.3 and g.d.4 and restored gradually from g.d.6. MiR-320 was specifically localized in glandular and luminal epithelia and decidua. The expression of miR-320 was not significantly different in the pseudopregnant uterus and decreased in the uteri of rats subjected to activation of delayed implantation. Artificial decidualization and treatment with progesterone increased the miR-320 expression. Thus, miR-320 was differentially expressed in the rat uterus during implantation. The expression level was affected by active blastocysts and decidualization during the window of implantation. Steroid hormones, progesterone stimulated miR-320 expression.
Organocatalyzed Asymmetric α-Oxidation, α-Aminoxylation and α-Amination of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Vilaivan Tirayut , Bhanthumnavin Worawan
Published: February 2010

Organocatalytic asymmetric α-oxidation and amination reactions of carbonyl compounds are highly useful synthetic methodologies, especially in generating chiral building blocks that previously have not been easily accessible by traditional methods. The concept is relatively new and therefore the list of new catalysts, oxidizing and aminating reagents, as well as new substrates, are expanding at an amazing rate. The scope of this review includes new reactions and catalysts, mechanistic aspects and synthetic applications of α-oxidation, hydroxylation, aminoxylation, amination, hydrazination, hydroxyamination and related α-heteroatom functionalization of aldehydes, ketones and related active methylene compounds published during 2005–2009.
A Lanthanide-Based Chemosensor for Bioavailable Fe3+ Using a Fluorescent Siderophore: An Assay Displacement Approach
Authors: Orcutt Karen M. , Jones W. Scott , McDonald Andrea , Schrock David , Wallace Karl J.
Published: February 2010

The measurement of trace analytes in aqueous systems has become increasingly important for understanding ocean primary productivity. In oceanography, iron (Fe) is a key element in regulating ocean productivity, microplankton assemblages and has been identified as a causative element in the development of some harmful algal blooms.The chemosenor developed in this study is based on an indicator displacement approach that utilizes time-resolved fluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer as the sensing mechanism to achieve detection of Fe3+ ions as low as 5 nM. This novel approach holds promise for the development of photoactive chemosensors for ocean deployment.
Characterization of Thick and Thin Film SiCN for Pressure Sensing at High Temperatures
Authors: Leo Alfin , Andronenko Sergey , Stiharu Ion , Bhat Rama B.
Published: February 2010

Pressure measurement in high temperature environments is important in many applications to provide valuable information for performance studies. Information on pressure patterns is highly desirable for improving performance, condition monitoring and accurate prediction of the remaining life of systems that operate in extremely high temperature environments, such as gas turbine engines. A number of technologies have been recently investigated, however these technologies target specific applications and they are limited by the maximum operating temperature. Thick and thin films of SiCN can withstand high temperatures. SiCN is a polymer-derived ceramic with liquid phase polymer as its starting material. This provides the advantage that it can be molded to any shape. CERASET™ also yields itself for photolithography, with the addition of photo initiator 2, 2-Dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone (DMPA), thereby enabling photolithographical patterning of the pre-ceramic polymer using UV lithography. SiCN fabrication includes thermosetting, crosslinking and pyrolysis. The technology is still under investigation for stability and improved performance. This work presents the preparation of SiCN films to be used as the body of a sensor for pressure measurements in high temperature environments. The sensor employs the phenomenon of drag effect. The pressure sensor consists of a slender sensitive element and a thick blocking element. The dimensions and thickness of the films depend on the intended application of the sensors. Fabrication methods of SiCN ceramics both as thin (about 40–60 µm) and thick (about 2–3 mm) films for high temperature applications are discussed. In addition, the influence of thermosetting and annealing processes on mechanical properties is investigated.
Headless self-compressing cannulated screw fixation for treatment of radial carpal bone fracture or fissure in dogs
Authors: Perry K. , Johnson J. , Yeadon R. , Fitzpatrick N.
Published: February 2010

Objectives: To report the application and clinical outcome of the treatment of radial carpal bone fracture in five dogs using a variably-pitched, headless cannulated compression screw (Acutrak®).

Methods: Arthroscopy was performed prior to surgical repair in three cases. In two cases, a fissure within the radial carpal bone was more clearly apparent when oblique indirect illumination was employed at arthrotomy. Following Acutrak® screw placement via arthrotomy, external coaptation was applied in all cases for a period of two weeks.

Results: Five dogs were treated, of which four were Boxers, and one was a Labrador Retriever crossbreed. All dogs were lame prior to treatment. There was no history of trauma, and all dogs had soft tissue swelling on the dorsal aspect of the radiocarpal joint. In all cases the fissure or fracture line was oblique in orientation, extending disto-medially from the midpoint of the radiocarpal joint proximally to the level of the second carpal bone distally. All fractures treated demonstrated progressive radiographic healing, and all dogs were free of lameness at six weeks postoperatively, but two of the five fractures failed to reach complete radiographic union. All dogs remained lameness-free with mean follow-up of 12.5 months.

Discussion: Acutrak® screws are headless devices which achieve compression, even in small bone fragments. Threads engage both the near and far fracture segments, leading to increased screw-bone contact which maximizes pull-out strength and may increase the fatigue strength of the screw.

Clinical significance: Fixation of two-piece canine radial carpal-bone fractures with the Acutrak® screw proved a reliable alternative to conventional compression screw fixation, and may have benefits over alternatives attributable to screw design and application technique.
American Media Representations of China's Traditions and Modernity
Authors: Wang Yasong (Alex) , Morais Duarte B. , Buzinde Christine
Published: February 2010

Most research on the touristic representations of peripheral countries has focused on former colonies of past imperial Western powers. This study attempts to extend colonialism and tourism studies by examining the American tourist gaze upon China, a country with a history of resistance
to Western colonialism and dominance. A total of 60 travel articles published between 2000 and 2005 in six major American newspapers were analyzed. The emergent themes were interpreted within the framework of their colonial ideological underpinnings. The analysis revealed that China was represented
in three major themes. While many descriptions were similar to other markedly colonial representations of oriental destinations, some were derogatory and imbued with ideological bias. These findings extend the study of colonialism in tourism as they show that conflicting political ideologies
may overshadow the tourism media's tendency to praise destinations. Moreover, this study reinforces previous assertions that tourism reflects the dynamic power relations between nations as the complex representation reported here may arguably reflect the nature of contemporary US–China
relations.
Travel Writing As a Representational Space: “Doing Deviance”
Authors: Santos Carla , Rozier-Rich Samantha
Published: February 2010

This study contributes to the ongoing discussion regarding the power and privilege undergirding tourism discourse by examining the representational dynamics of deviance in tourism destinations known in social discourse as consequence-free settings; specifically, Las Vegas, New Orleans,
Amsterdam, and Bangkok. Understanding language as constitutive of social reality, this study employed techniques associated with textual analysis to examine feature travel articles published in four of the areas' most recognized and circulated travel and tourism magazines: Travel +
Leisure, Condé Nast Traveler, National Geographic, and National Geographic Traveler. Four main narrative emphases are proposed (Legitimized Deviance, A Voyeur's Paradise, Wholesome Deviance, and The Deviant Host) and followed by
a theoretical explanation aiming to trace out questions, as well as comment, on travel writing's “ways of seeing” the world.
Profile of Recreational Anglers Visiting Rottnest Island, Southwestern Australia
Authors: Beckley Lynnath E.
Published: February 2010

An on-site questionnaire of shore anglers at Rottnest Island revealed that few were day visitors and most were staying in rental accommodation on their annual holiday to the island. Though most people fished near the settlement area, angling was recorded at many other localities around the island. Most respondents were male, from the Perth metropolitan area (particularly the higher income coastal suburbs), and, in the previous year, had fished at the island on <5 days. Though there is a summer peak in island visitation, more anglers were encountered in winter than summer. This angler profile information was incorporated a priori into the temporal and spatial stratification of a subsequent recreational angling total catch and effort survey.
Motivations of Male and Female Shoreline Bird Watchers in New York
Authors: Kuehn Diane M. , Sali Mary Joyce , Schuster Rudy
Published: February 2010

Understanding birder motivations is essential for enhancing bird-watching opportunities and experiences. This study seeks to identify motivations for male and female away-from-home birders who reside in New York State and bird watch in shoreline areas. The results of a mail survey of
1,000 bird watchers are presented. Of the 460 respondents to the survey, 84% participated in bird watching in shoreline areas. Principal components and confirmatory factor analyses were used to identify motivational factors for these shoreline birders. Factors related to challenge, enjoying
the outdoors, sharing of self, social, spiritual, and intellectual were identified for females, while appreciating birds, sharing knowledge, exploration, companionship, and spiritual were identified for males. Management implications are discussed.
Isolated Colorectal Liver Metastases Locally Progressing after Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Rescued with Surgery
Authors: Blesa J. M. Gasent , Canales J. Laforga , Soler A. Alberola , Monzó F. Peiró , Puche J. Bertelli , Candel V. Alberola
Published: February 2010

Treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer has changed in recent years, with many patients now being offered intent-to-treat regimens. In this context, a multidisciplinary approach to the metastatic disease may lead to individualized treatment for any patient. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (sbrt) is not the most common treatment. Here, we present the clinical case of a patient with a solitary liver metastasis initially treated with sbrt that was rescued with surgery when a local recurrence was detected.
Response to 5-Fluorouracil in Metastatic Extramammary Paget Disease of the Scrotum Presenting as Pancytopenia and Back Pain
Authors: Beleznay K. M. , Levesque M. A. , Gill S.
Published: February 2010

Extramammary Paget disease is a rare intraepithelial neoplasm of the vulvar, penoscrotal, or perianal skin. No effective therapies for metastatic disease have been reported, and prognosis for metastatic disease is poor. Here, we report the case of an Asian man who was initially diagnosed with extramammary Paget disease of the scrotum. Three years later, the patient presented to hospital with pancytopenia and back pain. After an extensive work-up, biopsies of liver and bone marrow revealed adenocarcinoma with signet cells and immunohistochemical staining positive for keratin 7, carcinoembryonic antigen, and prolactininduced protein, but negative for keratin 20, S100, and prostate markers, consistent with his previous biopsyproven Paget disease of the scrotum. The patient was treated with 5-fluorouracil–based therapy in addition to palliative radiotherapy to selected spine levels. A promising palliative response was demonstrated following 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. A review of the literature on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment options, and outcomes for metastatic extramammary Paget disease is presented.
Workplace Support for Employees with Cancer
Authors: Nowrouzi B. , Lightfoot N. , Cote K. , Watson R.
Published: February 2010

Objective: The aim of the present study was to survey human resources personnel about how their northeastern Ontario workplaces assist employees with cancer. Study Design and Setting: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2007 to April 2008. Surveys were sent to 255 workplaces in northeastern Ontario with 25 or more employees, and 101 workplaces responded (39.6% response rate). Logistic regression modelling was used to identify factors associated with more or less workplace support. More or less workplace support was defined by provision of paid time to employees with medical appointments and an offer of a return-to-work meeting and reduced hours for employees with cancer. Factors considered in the model included organization size, geographic location (urban, rural), and workplace type (private sector, public sector). Results: Most of the human resources staff who completed the surveys were women (67.4%), and respondents ranged in age from 25 to 70 years (mean: 45.30 ± 8.10 years). Respondents reported working for organizations that ranged in size from 25 to more than 9000 employees. In the logistic regression model, large organization size [odds ratio (or): 6.97; 95% confidence interval (ci): 1.34 to 36.2] and public sector (or: 4.98; 95% ci: 1.16 to 21.3) were associated with employer assistance. Public sector employers provided assistance at a rate 5 times that of private sector employers, and large organizations (>50 employees) provided assistance at a rate 7 times that of smaller organizations. Conclusions: In the population studied, employees with cancer benefit from working in larger and public sector organizations. The data suggest a need for further support for employees with cancer in some other organizations.
Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Kraeber–Bodéré F. , Goldenberg D. M. , Chatal J. F. , Barbet J.
Published: February 2010

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (mtc) is a rare cancer (less than 8% of all thyroid cancers) that occurs both as a familial and as a sporadic disease [...]
The 4th Annual Ontario Thoracic Cancer Conference at Niagara-on-the-Lake
Authors: Ung Y. C. , Yu E. , Malthaner R. , Burkes R. , Ellis P. , Goss G. , Solow H. , Irvine S. , Laffan S.
Published: February 2010

The 4th annual Ontario Thoracic Cancer Conference at Niagara-on-the-Lake focused on the themes of innovations in the management of lung cancer, controversies in the management of esophageal cancer, and molecular targeted therapies in lung cancer. This conference summary highlights the presentations and provides clinicians with a referenced update on these topics.
Selected Abstracts Submitted to the Third International Symposium on Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Banneau G. , Guedj M. , Schiappa R. , Petel F. , Sévenet N. , De Mascarel I. , Mac Grogan G. , Longy M. , Bonnet F.
Published: February 2010

Background: Germline mutation screening of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is performed in suspected familial breast cancer cases, but a causative mutation is found in only 30% of patients. The development of additional methods to identify good candidates for BRCA1 and BRCA2 analysis would therefore increase the efficacy of diagnostic mutation screening. With this in mind, we developed a study to determine molecular signatures of BRCA1—or BRCA2—mutated breast cancers. Materials and Methods: Array-cgh (comparative genomic hybridization) and transcriptomic analysis were performed on a series of 103 familial breast cancers. The series included 7 breast cancers with a BRCA1 mutation and 5 breast cancers with a BRCA2 mutation. The remaining 91 cases were obtained from 73 families selected on the basis of at least 3 affected first-degree relatives or at least 2 affected first-degree relatives with breast cancer at an average age of 45 years. Array-cgh analyses were performed on a 4407 BAC-array (CIT-V8) manufactured by IntegraGen. Transcriptomic analyses were performed using an Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 chip. Results: Using supervised clustering analyses we identified two transcriptomic signatures: one for BRCA1-mutated breast cancers consisting of 600 probe sets and another for BRCA2-mutated breast cancers also consisting of 600 probes sets. We also defined cgh-array signatures, based on the presence of specific genomic rearrangements, one for BRCA1-mutated breast cancers and one for BRCA2-mutated breast cancers. Conclusions: This study identified molecular signatures of breast cancers with BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutations. Genes present in these signatures could be exploited to find new markers for such breast cancers. We also identified specific genomic rearrangements in these breast cancers, which could be screened for in a diagnostic setting using fluorescence in situ hybridization, thus improving patient selection for BRCA1 and BRCA2 molecular genetic analysis.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

While looking over some insects in Hamilton a few days since collected by Miss Mills, daughter of Wm. H. Mills, EsQ., I was delighted at finding a specimen of Libythea bachmani, Kirtland, which is probably a variety of L. motya, Boisd. It was almost entire, though somewhat beaten. The young lady had taken it on the beach at Hamilton early in August. She found it settled on the sand, and it seemed at first partially torpid, but when captured used its wings freely in trying to escape. It is a very peculiar insect, with very long palpi. The following is a description of it.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW CANADIAN ICHNEUMONIDÆ
Authors: Cresson E. T.
Published: February 2010

1. Banchus Flavescens.— ♂ . Pale yellow ; a bilobed mark behind antennæ, extending between them downward upon middle of face, band across vertex from eye to eye, covering ocelli, posterior margin of occiput, maxillary palpi, two apical joints of labial palpi, antennæ above, stripe on middle of mesothorax. dilated anteriorly, a stripe on each side over the wings, basal suture of scutellum, base of metathorax, broader laterally, spot on each side of pleura posteriorly, posterior coxæ within, their femora beneath, apex of their tibiæ and a broad band at base of four basal segments of abdomen, black; antennæ longer than body, slender at tips ; scutellum with an acute dusky spine ; wings hyaline, faintly yellowish, nervures brown, stigma and costa pale honey-yellow; posterior coxæ and femora stained with ferruginous; abdomen shining, short, apex broad, truncate and compressed. Length five lines.
A MUSICAL LARVA
Authors: Reed E. B.
Published: February 2010

On September 10, 1868, during one of our regular Monday morning excursions, I captured on a beech tree, a short distance from London, a larva which I judged to belong to the Smerinthian. genus. Its chief peculiarity, to which I wish to call attention, was its power of emitting a singing noise when handled or disturbed. The noise was similar to that produced by that pretty little beetle so common in our gardens, Lema trilineata. This is the only instance of a musical larva that I have met with, nor do I remember to have ever seen any mention in entomological books of a similar case. I should be glad to know, Mr. Editor, if you, or any of your correspondents, have ever noticed this musical power in any larva? or if you can explain the manner in which the noise is produced.
SPIDERS' NESTS
Authors: Couper WM.
Published: February 2010

The genus Theridionconstruct beautiful silken nests for the protection of their eggs. I have collected what I take to be the nests of three species in Canada. They are generally found under the bank of decayed forest trees. Another which I found on an old fence at Quebec, although not constructed of silk, its form, in my opinion, is sufficient to class it among the architecture of Theridion. One of these nests resembles that of Theridion variegatum, Walck., of Europe.
NORTHERN INSECTS
Authors: Couper William
Published: February 2010

Pepilio Asterias, Fab.—A specimen of this butterfly was seen by me at Natashquaun on the 24th June. On the 4th July I found it common at a place further down the coast, called Musquaro. The same species occurs in Newfoundland.

Pieris Frigida, Scudder.—This butterfly is common at Natashquaun, where it appears about the 15th June. I am of opinion that it is doublebrooded, as I noticed fresh specimens on my return to Mingan on the 16th July. It occurs on the whole of the south as well as the eastern coast of Labrador, where Mr. Scudder procured the species.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

In my last paper were concluded all the observations I have at present to publish, regarding the rearing of butterflies from the egg. Before passing on to relate some experiments of a similar character with moths, I propose to give what further notes I have made in this family from captured larvæ, partially or full grown.
NEST OF CRABRO SEXMACULATUS, SAY
Authors: Couper William
Published: February 2010

To your readers who study Hymenoptera, it may be interesting to learn something of the economy of a little Bee which was found at Quebec by Mr. N. H. Cowdry, on the 11th April, 1865. The wood cut represents tops of raspberry canes, the pith of which was bored into, and emptied out by the parent Bee. 1. Orifice which was closed with some kind of vegetable substance. 2. Egg* of Bee attached to Pollen. 3. Pollen, all of which, under the microscope, appeared to have the same form and color (yellow), evidently mixed with honey.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

Pyrameis cardui.—Larva found feeding on thistle, June 15th, fullgrown. Length, 1¼ to 1⅜ inches.

Head black, reddish in some specimens, above sprinkled with fine whitish hairs, and a few small black tubercles.

Body above greyish-brown, variegated with yellow and black. Second, third, fourth, fifth, and terminal segments black, with many whitish dots. A broken dorsal stripe, white anteriorly; yellow from fifth to terminal segments; second segment without spines, but covered with fine whitish hairs; third and fourth segments have four spines each ; the others have seven, excepting tbe terminal ones, which have two pairs, one placed behind the other.
LARVA INVESTING THE PARSNIP. (Depressaria Ontariella, n. sp.)
Authors: The Editor
Published: February 2010

Last year our bed of garden parsnips turned out so badly in consequence of the protracted drought of the season that most of them were not worth digging; thinking, however, that we might as well get some seed from them asthey were a good variety, we left them where they were for the winter. When spring came they looked beautifully fresh and green, and soon grew most luxuriantly, sending up tall stems and producing huge umbels of flowers. There was a grand prospect of a fine crop of seed, and we began to promise supplies of it to some of our neighbors, who complained that their's was not satisfactory,—all, indeed, looked fair and promising till the last week in June, when “a change came O'er the spirit of our dream !” The fine umbels of flowers began to look rather unhappy.
ON THE ECONOMY OF A SPECIES OF FEONUS
Authors: Couper WM.
Published: February 2010

On the 8th of January last, while searching for hybernating Coleoptera in the woods near Ottawa, I had occasion to strip the bark of a decayed ash tree, under which, among other insect store, I found a small transparent and curiously-formed cocoon containing a larva of a fly which was at that time unknown to me. The cocoon was imbedded in the bark, occupying what I am now led to believe the excavation made by a grub of Cerambyx, or some other coleopterous bark-borer. when cocoons belonging to the genera Evaniidæ or Icheneumonidæ are found under bark of trees, or stones imbedded in the earth, we may safely assume that they are accompanied by parasites, and that the original possessor has been devoured because it was just the food that suited them.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

With a fruit farm in the country frequently visited, and a fruit garden in town, my opportunities for observing the times and doings of insect foes and friends are sufficiently ample to satisfy the desires of the most active and enthusiastic “bug-hunter” that ever carried a net. Norv a swarm of caterpillars disfigures the form and mars the beauty of a handsome tree, by consuming a considerable part of its foliage ; again, a host of aphides, by their constant sucking of the juices of the leaves, will cause them to shrivel, curl up, and often change colour, and the enormous rate at which these creatures increase adds much to the difficulty of their extermination ; or some unwelcome “little Turk” sits down uninvited to feast on our finest fruits, and, not satisfied with appeasing its own appetite, leaves its progeny behind to complete the work of destruction; or it may be some rascally borer insidiously undermines one's fondest hopes by girdling and thus destroying trees or shrubs whose growth has cost years of toil and watching
ICHNEUMON IN A SPIDER'S COCOON
Authors: Couper WM.
Published: February 2010

I inclose an ichnenmoned spider's cocoon, which I found on the mountain of Montreal early in May last. When I opened the cocoon, the larvæ had a bluish colour and were quite active. It produced about forty specimens of the fly, which I send you, as I have no means at hand of determining the species. There is, however, a very nice investigation in regard to the economy and modus operandi of this little ichneumon. That is, how does it reach the spider's eggs ? I cannot detect an ovipositor, and the body of the creature itself is only about a sixteenth of an inch long.
NOTICE OF THE SPECIES OF DREPANODES
Authors: Grote Aug. R.
Published: February 2010

It is easy to distinguish the species of the genus Drepanodes from the other Phalænidæ, by their falcate or acutely produced primaries and their strong casual resemblance, both in size and ornamentation, to the Platypteryginæ (Drepana, Platypterix, Dryopteris), a subfamily of Bombycidæ This resemblance, while it has suggested to M. Guenée the generic name, is paralleled in the sub-order in different instances; but is here noteworthy as illustrating the synthetic relation which the great family Bombycidæ sustains to the other moths, The nearer affinities of Drepanodes in its family are with Chærodes.
NOTES AND EXPERIMENTS ON CURRANT WORMS
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

The larva of Nemalus ventricosus, alas, too well known under the popular designation of “currant worm,” has been very abundant in this neighbour, hood during the present season. In my own garden it has been a continual fight as to who should have the currant and gooseberry bushes, the worms or their rightful owner. During the early part of summer, anticipating their attack, I was on the lookout for them, and by timely doses of hellebore preserved the foliage with but little damage. In about a fortnight later, having omitted inspection for a few days, I was surprised to find the bushes being stripped again ; and this time the enemy had got so far ahead as to damage their appearance considerably.
NOTES ON THE LARVA OF OPHIUSA BISTRIARIS, Hübner
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

Late in July a number of specimens of a larva apparently allied to the genus Catocala were taken from the silver maple(Acer dasycarpum, Ehrn.) The description of this larva is as follows :

Length 1.40 inches; somewhat onisciform.

Head medium sized, flattened, bilobed; color pale ashen grey, with streaks of pale brown appearing under a magnifying lens as a fine network ; a dark brown, nearly black, stripe on each side, and a few short grey hairs scattered over its surface.

Body above brownish-grey, with numerous streaks and dots of pale brown. A double irregular dorsal line, widening here and there throughout its entire length. There are many other broken lines of the same character, composed chiefly of dots, but none of them continuous
EXTRACT FROM A REPORT ON THE PLUM CURCULIO, (Conotrachelus nenuphar.)
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

The accompanying figures shows the curculio in all its stages. a, is the larva, b, the chrysalis, c, the perfect beetle, all magnified, the adjoining lines shows the natural size, d, is a small plum with the curculio (natural size) working on it. One egg is deposited under the crescent cut, and a second incision is being made. I shall now refer to some experiments of my own on this insect which will, I hope, add something to our knowledge of the creature's habits.
INSECTS OF THE NORTHERN PARTS OF BRITISH AMERICA
Authors: The Editor
Published: February 2010

51. Amara Vulgaris, Latr.—Length of body 4 to 4½ lines. Many specimens taken in lat. 65°, and in the Rocky Mountains.

Body black, glossy; above black-bronzed. Scape of the antennæ piceous; inner lobe of the maxillæ, and first joint of the outer palpi, testaceous ; basilar impressions of the prothorax double, deepish, impunctured, the external one oblique; channel abbreviated anteriorly, with a punctiform impression beyond the middle : furrows of the elytra lightly drawn, indistinctly punctured ; apex subacuminate or suddenly narrowed : legs black, with the hairs, spurs and claws testaceous. Variety B. Bright, bronzed with a cupreous tint.
ON THE LARVA OF DIPHTHERA DERIDENS, Guénée
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

A single specimen of the larva of this insect was taken crawling on a fence on the 1st of October, 1866. It must be very rare in this locality, as I had never seen it before, nor have I observed it since, nor ever captured a specimen of the imago, which is very handsome. Food plant unknown. Length 1.20 in., cylindrical. Head medium sized, rather flat, slightly bilobed, of a pale greenish-white color, with a large patch of black on each lobe above and a smaller one below just above mandibles. Mandibles black, with a stroak of white on each. Body above pale greenish-white, semi-transparent, with transverse rows of tubercles of the same color, from which arise tufts of long, fine, silky, white hairs.
REARING BUTTERFLIES FROM THE EGG
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

The results of my experiments with P. Ajax, as noticed in Nos. 8 and 9 of the Canadian Entomologist (Vol. ii. pp. 115 and 133), are as follows :

From six larvæ obtained from eggs of Ajax:, deposited in capitivity, 16th May, 1870, I obtained two males, four females, Marcellus, between 20th and 24th June.

From twenty-four larvæ from eggs of Ajax deposited 2nd June, I obtained twelve males, ten females, all Marcellus, between 3rd and 9th July, and one chrysalis went over the winter.

From five larvæ from eggs of Marcellus, deposited 7th June, I obtained four female Marcellus between 4th and 9th July, and one chrysalis went over the winter.
THE GRAPE-SEED INSECT: (Isosoma vitis, n. sp.)
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

In Vol. i.,No. 3, page 20, of the Canadian Entomologist, I published a description of a larva found infesting the seed of the grape, and in the Canada Farmer for October 15, 1868, page 316, a fuller description of its habits and destructive powers, and ventured the opinion that it would probably produce, when mature, a small curculio. In this I was in error, for the perfect insect proves to be Hymenopterous, a small four-winged fly belonging to Isosoma, and as it is believed to be undescribed, I propose for it the name of vitis (Isosoma vitis, n. sp.). The following notes on its history were made subsequent to the date of the issue referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF LARVA OF CATOCALA POLYGAMA, Guen
Authors: Reed E. B.
Published: February 2010

Length, 1 4/10 inches; body cylindrical inclined to onisciform.

Head, flat, bilobed and horned or notched, dark brownish red with several long hairs just above the mandibles and collar.

Body, plump, smooth and firm to the touch; colour, greenish grey with small spots and blotches: on the seventh segment, two lateral black spots, on the eighth segment, a small fleshy dark coloured horn curved backwards; the anal segment terminated by two elongated prolegs; on each segment are two dorsal spots or pimples with one long hair in each; a thick fringe of greyish hair on the base of the sides; the spiracles blackish, not distinctly marked.
NOTES ON ALARIA FLORIDA, Guén
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

In July of last year there bloomed in my garden a fine plant of that variety of evening primrose known as “Lamarckiana”(Œnothera Lamarckiana). I had been advised by an Entomological friend to procure this flower with the view of attracting moths at night, and found it to succeed admirably. Its lovely yellow petals expand suddenly about seven o'clock every evening, and diffuse a fragrance all around very attractive to Sphingidae and other nocturnal moths. The flowers expand about three inches and are very beautiful; they remain expanded until some time after sunrise the following morning, when they close to open no more.
INSECTS OF THE NORTHERN PARTS OF BRITISH AMERICA
Authors: The Editor
Published: February 2010

For ten years we have been trying, and trying in vain, both in England and America, to obtain a copy of Kirby's descriptions of the insects of the Northern parts of British America, contained in the fourth volume of Richardson's Fauna Boreali-Americana, published at Norwich in 1837. Many of our friends have been making similar attempts, and always with the like ill-success. We have had, however, occasional access to a copy in the iibrary of the University of Toronto, which, with the exception of one in the Library of Parliament at Ottawa, is the only copy we know of in Canada.
INSECTS OF THE NORTHERN PARTS OF BRITISH AMERICA
Authors: The Editor
Published: February 2010

[Kirby divides the genus calosoma into two sub genera: Calosoma proper having the maxillary palpi with the last joint of the length of the last but one, and the elytra gilded; Chrysostigma having the maxillary palpi with the last joint shorter than the last but one, and the elytra obscure with gilded puuctiform impressions. The two species that he describes both belong to the latter sub-genus. Dr. Le Conte (Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,, Feb. 1862, p.52) has given a more complete classification of the species of this genus into six groups, based upcin the differences of the anterior tarsi of the males. Kirby's division has not been adopted by subsequent authors.]
HINTS ON DESCRIBING CATERPILLARS
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

When comparing descriptions of larvæ made by different writers, the Iabour of the student is often greatly increasecl by the want of order and method in their compilation. with a view of simplifying details and lessening labour, the following suggestions are offered, with the hope that they may serve to stimulate some to enter earnestly into this interesting branch of our favorite study,
DESCRIPTIONS OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM ALABAMA
Authors: Grote Aug. R.
Published: February 2010

I have collected the following Lepidoptera in the country about Demopolis, Ala., lying at the junction of the Tombigbee and Black Warrior Rivers. It has been my aim to make as complete a collection as possible of the insects inhabiting this district, in which my residence has been lately fixed, but the time at my disposal for the purpose has ben cruelly limited by other duties. The summer heats preclude much exertion during the best part of the day.
HINTS TO FRUIT GROWERS.: PAPER NO. 4
Authors: Saunders W.
Published: February 2010

Attacus cecropia.–During the winter months, when the apple trees are leafless, the large cocoons of the Cecropia moth may be found here and there, firm1y bound to the twigs, and occasionally I have seen them on young trees attachcd to the stock near the ground. They are about and are entirely constructed of silk, the fibres of which are very much stronger than those of the common silk worm Bombyx mori. This silk has been worked to a limited extent and manufactured into socks and other articles, which have been found very durable; but a drawback to the advancement of this branch of industry lies in the fact that the caterpillars do not bear confinement well, and hence are not easily reared.
MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Chambers V. T.
Published: February 2010

This is the insect previously mentioned in these papers as Leucanthiza Ornatella. At first I was inclined to place it in Lithocolletis, but a consideration of some of its peculiarities induced me to place it provisionally in DR. Clemens genus, Leucanthiza. On examination of the neuration of the wings, however, and of aome other points in its structure and habits, it seems to me to belong more properly to Lithocolletis, though it differs from it in some respects and approaches Leucanthiza, and more remotely, Phyllocnistis and Lyonetia.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ARCTIA FROM COLORADO
Authors: DODGE CHAS. R.
Published: February 2010

Anterior wings rich chocolate - brown with creamy white stripes or markings. Costal margin lighter brown. A broad line running from the base of the median vein nearly to the posterior angle, where it becomes slightly forked; from this proceeds a slightly curved narrower branch, from the centre of the wing nearly to the costal edge, and one-third the distance from the apex ; a zigzag mark composed of three straight lines, the first being the broadest, and the third one-half the length of the others, proceeds from the outer angle, where it joins the first line, and terminates under the costal edge; the whole forming a distinct W crossed at the top by the transverse band. Inner edge faintly marked with creamy white.
DESCRIPTIONS OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM ALABAMA
Authors: Grote Aug. R.
Published: February 2010

Cataclysta Robinsonii Grote. ♂ ♀ I refer this species to Lederer's Section C.: veins 8 and 5 of the secondaries present. primaries bright golden brown. The median whitish grey space is tolerably narrow and well defined; inwardly bounded by the outwardly arcuate white transverse anterior line; outwardly by the white transverse posterior line which is angulated on the m. nervuies. Both the lines are a little uneven. From the distinct ans regularly arcuate white transverse posterior line to the base of the wing, the surface is entirely golden brown.