bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual acuity, amblyopia, and vision-related quality of life in preterm adults with and without ROP: results from the Gutenberg prematurity eye study
Authors: Fieß Achim , Greven Katrin , Mildenberger Eva , Urschitz Michael S. , Elflein Heike M. , Zepp Fred , Stoffelns Bernhard , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schuster Alexander K.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study investigated the effects of prematurity and ROP on visual acuity and VRQoL in adults (18–52 years).

Methods

The Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study is a retrospective cohort study with a prospective ophthalmologic examination. Preterm and full-term participants at an age from 18 to 52 years were included. Distant corrected visual acuity (DCVA) and VRQoL were assessed in participants (892 eyes of 450 individuals aged 28.6 ± 8.6 years, 251 females) grouped into full-term controls (gestational age [GA] at birth ≥37 weeks), preterm participants without ROP and GA 33–36 weeks (group 2), GA 29–32 weeks (group 3), GA ≤ 28 weeks (group 4), non-treated ROP (group 5) and treated ROP (group 6). Main outcome measures were distant corrected visual acuity (DCVA), VRQoL and prevalence of amblyopia.

Results

The DCVA of the better eye correlated (p < 0.001) with GA, birth weight, ROP, ROP treatment, and perinatal adverse events and was poorer in both ROP groups. Visual acuity of <20/200 in the better eye was observed in two participants (4.2%) in the ROP group and one person (6.7%) in the treated ROP group. The prevalence of amblyopia increased in the ROP groups. Compared to full-term controls, visual functioning VRQoL scores were lower in preterm individuals independent of ROP while socioemotional VRQoL scores were only lower in the treated ROP group.

Conclusion

Participants with postnatal ROP and its treatment showed decreased visual acuity and VRQol in adulthood, with amblyopia occurring more frequently in more preterm participants with ROP.
Materials property mapping from atomic scale imaging via machine learning based sub-pixel processing
Authors: Han Junghun , Go Kyoung-June , Jang Jinhyuk , Yang Sejung , Choi Si-Young
Published: September 2022

Direct visualization of the atomic structure in scanning transmission electron microscopy has led to a comprehensive understanding of the structure-property relationship. However, a reliable characterization of the structural transition on a picometric scale is still challenging because of the limited spatial resolution and noise. Here, we demonstrate that the primary segmentation of atomic signals from background, succeeded by a denoising process, enables structural analysis in a sub-pixel accuracy. Poisson noise is eliminated using the block matching and three-dimensional filtering with Anscombe transformation, and remnant noise is removed via morphological filtering, which results in an increase of peak signal-to-noise ratio from 7 to 11 dB. Extracting the centroids of atomic columns segmented viaK-means clustering, an unsupervised method for robust thresholding, achieves an average error of less than 0.7 pixel, which corresponds to 4.6 pm. This study will contribute to a profound understanding of the local structural dynamics in crystal structures.
Substantial contribution of iodine to Arctic ozone destruction
Authors: Benavent Nuria , Mahajan Anoop S. , Li Qinyi , Cuevas Carlos A. , Schmale Julia , Angot Hélène , Jokinen Tuija , Quéléver Lauriane L. J. , Blechschmidt Anne-Marlene , Zilker Bianca , Richter Andreas , Serna Jesús A. , Garcia-Nieto David , Fernandez Rafael P. , Skov Henrik , Dumitrascu Adela , Simões Pereira Patric , Abrahamsson Katarina , Bucci Silvia , Duetsch Marina , Stohl Andreas , Beck Ivo , Laurila Tiia , Blomquist Byron , Howard Dean , Archer Stephen D. , Bariteau Ludovic , Helmig Detlev , Hueber Jacques , Jacobi Hans-Werner , Posman Kevin , Dada Lubna , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso
Published: September 2022

Unlike bromine, the effect of iodine chemistry on the Arctic surface ozone budget is poorly constrained. We present ship-based measurements of halogen oxides in the high Arctic boundary layer from the sunlit period of March to October 2020 and show that iodine enhances springtime tropospheric ozone depletion. We find that chemical reactions between iodine and ozone are the second highest contributor to ozone loss over the study period, after ozone photolysis-initiated loss and ahead of bromine.
Long-term ecological and evolutionary dynamics in the gut microbiomes of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae colonized subjects
Authors: Kang Jonathan T. L. , Teo Jonathan J. Y. , Bertrand Denis , Ng Amanda , Ravikrishnan Aarthi , Yong Melvin , Ng Oon Tek , Marimuthu Kalisvar , Chen Swaine L. , Chng Kern Rei , Gan Yunn-Hwen , Nagarajan Niranjan
Published: September 2022

Long-term colonization of the gut microbiome by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a growing area of public health concern as it can lead to community transmission and rapid increase in cases of life-threatening CPE infections. Here, leveraging the observation that many subjects are decolonized without interventions within a year, we used longitudinal shotgun metagenomics (up to 12 timepoints) for detailed characterization of ecological and evolutionary dynamics in the gut microbiome of a cohort of CPE-colonized subjects and family members (n = 46; 361 samples). Subjects who underwent decolonization exhibited a distinct ecological shift marked by recovery of microbial diversity, key commensals and anti-inflammatory pathways. In addition, colonization was marked by elevated but unstable Enterobacteriaceae abundances, which exhibited distinct strain-level dynamics for different species (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Finally, comparative analysis with whole-genome sequencing data from CPE isolates (n = 159) helped identify substrain variation in key functional genes and the presence of highly similar E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains with variable resistance profiles and plasmid sharing. These results provide an enhanced view into how colonization by multi-drug-resistant bacteria associates with altered gut ecology and can enable transfer of resistance genes, even in the absence of overt infection and antibiotic usage.
Hydropersulfides inhibit lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis by scavenging radicals
Authors: Barayeu Uladzimir , Schilling Danny , Eid Mohammad , Xavier da Silva Thamara Nishida , Schlicker Lisa , Mitreska Nikolina , Zapp Christopher , Gräter Frauke , Miller Aubry K. , Kappl Reinhard , Schulze Almut , Friedmann Angeli José Pedro , Dick Tobias P.
Published: September 2022

Ferroptosis is a type of cell death caused by radical-driven lipid peroxidation, leading to membrane damage and rupture. Here we show that enzymatically produced sulfane sulfur (S0) species, specifically hydropersulfides, scavenge endogenously generated free radicals and, thereby, suppress lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. By providing sulfur for S0biosynthesis, cysteine can support ferroptosis resistance independently of the canonical GPX4 pathway. Our results further suggest that hydropersulfides terminate radical chain reactions through the formation and self-recombination of perthiyl radicals. The autocatalytic regeneration of hydropersulfides may explain why low micromolar concentrations of persulfides suffice to produce potent cytoprotective effects on a background of millimolar concentrations of glutathione. We propose that increased S0biosynthesis is an adaptive cellular response to radical-driven lipid peroxidation, potentially representing a primordial radical protection system.
Social Support and Network Formation in a Small-Scale Horticulturalist Population
Authors: Simpson Cohen R.
Published: September 2022

Evolutionary studies of cooperation in traditional human societies suggest that helping family and responding in kind when helped are the primary mechanisms for informally distributing resources vital to day-to-day survival (e.g., food, knowledge, money, childcare). However, these studies generally rely on forms of regression analysis that disregard complex interdependences between aid, resulting in the implicit assumption that kinship and reciprocity drive the emergence of entire networks of supportive social bonds. Here I evaluate this assumption using individual-oriented simulations of network formation (i.e., Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models). Specifically, I test standard predictions of cooperation derived from the evolutionary theories of kin selection and reciprocal altruism alongside well-established sociological predictions around the self-organisation of asymmetric relationships. Simulations are calibrated to exceptional public data on genetic relatedness and the provision of tangible aid amongst all 108 adult residents of a village of indigenous horticulturalists in Nicaragua (11,556 ordered dyads). Results indicate that relatedness and reciprocity are markedly less important to whom one helps compared to the supra-dyadic arrangement of the tangible aid network itself.
An Open MRI Dataset For Multiscale Neuroscience
Authors: Royer Jessica , Rodríguez-Cruces Raúl , Tavakol Shahin , Larivière Sara , Herholz Peer , Li Qiongling , Vos de Wael Reinder , Paquola Casey , Benkarim Oualid , Park Bo-yong , Lowe Alexander J. , Margulies Daniel , Smallwood Jonathan , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda , Frauscher Birgit , Bernhardt Boris C.
Published: September 2022

Multimodal neuroimaging grants a powerful window into the structure and function of the human brain at multiple scales. Recent methodological and conceptual advances have enabled investigations of the interplay between large-scale spatial trends (also referred to as gradients) in brain microstructure and connectivity, offering an integrative framework to study multiscale brain organization. Here, we share a multimodal MRI dataset for Microstructure-Informed Connectomics (MICA-MICs) acquired in 50 healthy adults (23 women; 29.54 ± 5.62 years) who underwent high-resolution T1-weighted MRI, myelin-sensitive quantitative T1 relaxometry, diffusion-weighted MRI, and resting-state functional MRI at 3 Tesla. In addition to raw anonymized MRI data, this release includes brain-wide connectomes derived from (i) resting-state functional imaging, (ii) diffusion tractography, (iii) microstructure covariance analysis, and (iv) geodesic cortical distance, gathered across multiple parcellation scales. Alongside, we share large-scale gradients estimated from each modality and parcellation scale. Our dataset will facilitate future research examining the coupling between brain microstructure, connectivity, and function. MICA-MICs is available on the Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform data portal (https://portal.conp.ca) and the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/j532r/).
SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia patients differ in a second hit immune response model
Authors: Moser Dominique , Feuerecker Matthias , Biere Katharina , Han Bing , Hoerl Marion , Schelling Gustav , Kaufmann Ines , Choukér Alexander , Woehrle Tobias
Published: September 2022

Secondary infections have been shown to complicate the clinical course and worsen the outcome of critically ill patients. Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be accompanied by a pronounced cytokine release, and immune competence of these patients towards most pathogenic antigens remains uncompromised early in the disease. Patients with bacterial sepsis also exhibit excessive cytokine release with systemic hyper-inflammation, however, typically followed by an anti-inflammatory phase, causing immune paralysis. In a second hit immune response model, leukocyte activation capacity of severely ill patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 or by bacteria were compared upon ICU admission and at days 4 and 7 of the ICU stay. Blood cell count and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IFNγ and TNF were assessed after whole-blood incubation with the potent immune stimulus pokeweed mitogen (PWM). For comparison, patients with bacterial sepsis not originating from pneumonia, and healthy volunteers were included. Lymphopenia and granulocytosis were less pronounced in COVID-19 patients compared to bacterial sepsis patients. After PWM stimulation, COVID-19 patients showed a reduced release of IFNγ, while IL-2 levels were found similar and TNF levels were increased compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, concentrations of all three cytokines were significantly higher in samples from COVID-19 patients compared to samples from patients with bacterial infection. This fundamental difference in immune competence during a second hit between COVID-19 and sepsis patients may have implications for the selection of immune suppressive or enhancing therapies in personalized medicine.
Dust mitigation by the application of treated sewage effluent (TSE) in Iran
Authors: Naeimi Maryam , Eftekhari Alireza , Khalifehzadeh Rostam , Dargahian Fatemeh , Zandifar Samira
Published: September 2022

Considering the presence of 274 dusty days in 2021 in Zabol city, Iran, the present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using treated sewage effluent (TSE) for dust mitigation with natural methods of increasing land cover. Hence, first of all, the identification of sewage treatment facilities along with the volume and chemical status was carried out and compared to the various national and international legislation. Then, field investigation on land use and land cover, along with literature review on dust origins, sand detachment areas, and sand corridors in the study area will be assisted for optimal area suggestion. Note that, in the present study it was assumed that the application of TSE for wetting the surface to vegetation restoration resulted in wind erosion control in critical foci. The results showed that, so far, a total of 39,000 m3/day could be treated, in the whole study area. The TSE volume calculated based on two scenarios consisting, (1) data obtained from the related organization, and (2) based the capacity of the wastewater plant is 2.8 and 5.1 mcm/year, respectively. Additionally, the study of TSE quality and its comparison to various regulation such as FAO, USEPA, INS, and CWQI indicated the applicability of transforming TSE to 14 km away from the WWT planet daily for rehabilitation of Hammon Hirmand through irrigation ofT.strictato increase the vegetation cover to above 30%.
Adsorption of Indigo Carmine Dye by Acacia nilotica sawdust activated carbon in fixed bed column
Authors: Gupta Tripti , Ansari Khalid , Lataye Dilip , Kadu Mahendra , Khan Mohammad Amir , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Garg Rishav , Karri Rama Rao
Published: September 2022

A continuous mode fixed-bed up-flow column adsorption analysis was conducted utilizing Acacia nilotica sawdust activated carbon (ASAC) as an adsorbent for the adsorption treatment of toxic Indigo Carmine Dye (ICD). The effect on the adsorption characteristics of ASAC of the influent ICD concentration, flow rate, and column bed depth has been investigated. According to the column study, the highest efficiency of ICD removal was approximately 79.01% at a preliminary concentration of 100 mg/L with a flow rate of 250 mL/h at a bed depth of 30 cm and adsorption power of 24.67 mg/g. The experimental work confirmed the dependency of break-through curves on dye concentration and flow rate for a given bed depth. Kinetic models were implemented by Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Bed-depth-service-time analysis along with error analysis to interpret experimental data for bed depth of 15 cm and 30 cm, ICD concentration of 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L and flow rate of 250 mL/h, and 500 mL/h. The analysis predicted the breakthrough curves using a regression basin. It indicated that all three models were comparable for the entire break-through curve depiction. The characteristic parameters determined by process design and error analysis revealed that the Thomas model was better followed by the BDST and Yoon–Nelson models in relating the procedure of ICD adsorption onto ASAC. B-E-T surface area and B-E-T pore volume of ASAC were 737.76 m2/g and 0.2583 cm3/g, respectively. S-E-M and X-R-D analysis reveal the micro-porous and amorphous nature of ASAC. F-T-I-R spectroscope indicate distinctive functional assemblies like -OH group, C–H bond, C–C bond, C–OH, and C–O groups on ASAC. It could be computed that the ASAC can be used efficiently as an alternative option for industrial wastewater treatment
Development of a numerical modelling method to predict the seismic signals generated by wind farms
Authors: Limberger Fabian , Rümpker Georg , Lindenfeld Michael , Deckert Hagen
Published: September 2022

In efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energies have been increasingly leveraged to generate power; in particular, the number of wind turbines has risen sharply in recent years and continues to grow. However, being mechanically coupled to the earth, wind turbines also generate ground vibrations, which can have adverse effects on the capability of seismic observatories to detect and analyse earthquakes; nevertheless, the distances at which these signals modulate seismic records are disputed between the operators of wind farms and seismic observatories. Here, to quantify the noise signal amplitudes at distant seismometers, we develop the first numerical model to predict the seismic wavefield emitted by wind farms and simulate the complex effects of wavefield interferences, surface topography and attenuation. This modelling approach can reliably quantify the influences of multiple wind turbines on ground motion recordings and thus provide necessary information to aid decision-making in advance of wind farm installation.
Reports of acute adverse events in mRNA COVID-19 vaccine recipients after the first and second doses in Japan
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Onodera Tamotsu , Takahashi Tatsuya , Harigae Hideo , Ishii Tadashi
Published: September 2022

Mass vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing in many countries worldwide. This study reports the occurrence of acute adverse events among vaccine recipients at a mass vaccination center in Japan. Between August and November 2021, approximately 130,000 individuals received two mRNA vaccine doses (mRNA-1273; Moderna) at the vaccination center. Acute adverse events at the site were observed in 1.1% of the recipients after the first dose and in 0.4% of the recipients after the second dose. The most common event was vasovagal syncope/presyncope, followed by acute allergic reactions. The occurrence rate of vasovagal syncope/presyncope was highest in the young population of those aged 16–29 years, but such age-dependency was not apparent in acute allergic reactions. Both symptoms were more prevalent in women than in men. Vasovagal syncope/presyncope occurred mainly within 20 min of the injection, whereas nearly half of the episodes of acute allergic reactions occurred after 20 min. The vaccine being injected while the recipient was in the supine position effectively reduced the occurrence of vasovagal syncope/presyncope. In summary, the suggested risk factors for vasovagal syncope/presyncope included a young age and female sex. The vaccine being injected while the recipient was in the supine position would reduce the risk of vasovagal syncope/presyncope.
Thermomechanical characterization of bioplastic films produced using a combination of polylactic acid and bionano calcium carbonate
Authors: Gbadeyan O. J. , Linganiso L. Z. , Deenadayalu N.
Published: September 2022

The present study focuses on the thermomechanical investigation of bioplastic firms produced from a combination of polylactic acid (PLA) and nano-calcium carbonated (nano-CaCO3) synthesized from the Achatina Fulica snail shell. The bioplastic films fabricated with nano-CaCO3 content ranging from 1 to 5 wt% were prepared using a solvent casting method. Thermal stability and degradation with temperature-dependent mechanical properties such as stiffness, storage modulus, and loss modulus of the developed bioplastic films were determined. The conformation changes in the functional group of the developed bioplastic films after incorporating nano-CaCO3 were also investigated. It was observed that incorporating nano-CaCO3 improved the thermal stability and temperature-dependent mechanical properties of neat PLA, regardless of the percentage weight added. An 85.67% improvement in thermal stability was observed. The temperature-dependent stiffness increased by 84%, whereas the storage modulus improved by 240%. On the other hand, loss modulus improved by 50% due to nano-CaCO3 incorporation into PLA. The FTIR curves of bioplastic films incorporated with nano-CaCO3 present insignificant conformation changes in the functional group of the resulting bioplastic films. This is presumable due to the compatibility of the matrix and the reinforcement. As a result, the resulting materials' thermal and temperature-dependent mechanical properties improved significantly, demonstrating that the developed bioplastic films could be used for package applications.
Positive feedback mechanism between biogenic volatile organic compounds and the methane lifetime in future climates
Authors: Boy Michael , Zhou Putian , Kurtén Theo , Chen Dean , Xavier Carlton , Clusius Petri , Roldin Pontus , Baykara Metin , Pichelstorfer Lukas , Foreback Benjamin , Bäck Jaana , Petäjä Tuukka , Makkonen Risto , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Pihlatie Mari , Aalto Juho , Kulmala Markku
Published: September 2022

A multitude of biogeochemical feedback mechanisms govern the climate sensitivity of Earth in response to radiation balance perturbations. One feedback mechanism, which remained missing from most current Earth System Models applied to predict future climate change in IPCC AR6, is the impact of higher temperatures on the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), and their subsequent effects on the hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations. OH, in turn, is the main sink term for many gaseous compounds including methane, which is the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of climate forcing. In this study, we investigate the impact of this feedback mechanism by applying two models, a one-dimensional chemistry-transport model, and a global chemistry-transport model. The results indicate that in a 6 K temperature increase scenario, the BVOC-OH-CH4feedback increases the lifetime of methane by 11.4% locally over the boreal region when the temperature rise only affects chemical reaction rates, and not both, chemistry and BVOC emissions. This would lead to a local increase in radiative forcing through methane (ΔRFCH4) of approximately 0.013 Wm−2per year, which is 2.1% of the current ΔRFCH4. In the whole Northern hemisphere, we predict an increase in the concentration of methane by 0.024% per year comparing simulations with temperature increase only in the chemistry or temperature increase in chemistry and BVOC emissions. This equals approximately 7% of the annual growth rate of methane during the years 2008–2017 (6.6 ± 0.3 ppb yr−1) and leads to an ΔRFCH4of 1.9 mWm−2per year.
Structural and mutational analysis of MazE6-operator DNA complex provide insights into autoregulation of toxin-antitoxin systems
Authors: Kumari Khushboo , Sarma Siddhartha P.
Published: September 2022

Of the 10 paralogs of MazEF Toxin-Antitoxin system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MazEF6 plays an important role in multidrug tolerance, virulence, stress adaptation and Non Replicative Persistant (NRP) state establishment. The solution structures of the DNA binding domain of MazE6 and of its complex with the cognate operator DNA show that transcriptional regulation occurs by binding of MazE6 to an 18 bp operator sequence bearing the TANNNT motif (-10 region). Kinetics and thermodynamics of association, as determined by NMR and ITC, indicate that the nMazE6-DNA complex is of high affinity. Residues in N-terminal region of MazE6 that are key for its homodimerization, DNA binding specificity, and the base pairs in the operator DNA essential for the protein-DNA interaction, have been identified. It provides a basis for design of chemotherapeutic agents that will act via disruption of TA autoregulation, leading to cell death.
An all-aqueous and phosphine-free integrated amine-assisted CO2capture and catalytic conversion to formic acid
Authors: Bhardwaj Ritu , Kumar Abhishek , Choudhury Joyanta
Published: September 2022

A phosphine-free Ir(iii)-NHC-based efficient catalytic system is developed for the integrated CO2capture with tetramethylguanidine and conversion to formate with H2gas, conducting both the steps in water, affording TON upto 19 171 in just 12 h.
Active modulation of reflective structural colors
Authors: Kim Youngji , Moon Cheon Woo , Kim In Soo , Hyun Jerome K.
Published: September 2022

Actively tunable structural colors based on control of the refractive index contrast between system and surrounding are reviewed. Various photonic, plasmonic, and hybrid designs in combination with redox and nonredox processes are explored.
A 2-fold interpenetrated zinc–organic framework with Lewis basic triazole sites: luminescence sensing of Fe3+ and Cr2O72−, and warm white-light emission by encapsulated Ln3+ ions
Authors: Qin Bowen , Zhang Xiaoying , Dang Jiangyan , Yue Dan , Zhang Bing , Li Weidong , Gahungu Godefroid , Wang Zhenling , Zhang Jingping
Published: September 2022

A 2-fold interpenetrated Zn-MOF with Lewis basic triazole sites shows selective luminescence sensing of Fe3+ and Cr2O72− and tunable white-light emission by encapsulated Ln3+ ions.
Structural phase transition and dielectric relaxation in an organic–inorganic hybrid compound: [(CH3)3NH]4[Fe(SCN)6]Cl
Authors: Wang Ping , Chen Ming-Kun , Tong Yu-Qiao , Yin Shi-Qing , Huang Bo
Published: September 2022

A new hybrid compound undergoes a structural phase transition accompanied by the thermal hysteresis of dielectric bistability as well as anisotropic dielectric relaxation along the a-, b-, and c-axis.
Sulfuric acid–dimethylamine particle formation enhanced by functional organic acids: an integrated experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Wang Chunyu , Liu Yirong , Huang Teng , Feng Yajuan , Wang Zhongquan , Lu Runqi , Jiang Shuai
Published: September 2022

The turbulent flow tube experiment shows pyruvic acid (PA), succinic acid (SUA), and malic acid (MA) can enhance sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation in the order PA < SUA < MA.
Design of “turn-off” luminescent Ln-MOFs for sensitive detection of cyanide anions
Authors: Liu Weisai , Wang Fei , Chen Xiaoyi , Zhi Wenke , Wang Xuquan , Xu Baoqiang , Yang Bin
Published: September 2022

Two novel luminescent Ln-MOFs 1 and 2 with a two-dimensional porous structure were exploited and prepared. Luminescence and sensing properties of 1 and 2 exhibited highly sensitive and selective responses to the CN−anion.
Cytotoxicity of fac-Mn(CO)3 complexes with a bidentate quinoline ligand towards triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Habashy Danira A. , Khaled Rabaa M. , Ahmed Amr Y. , Radacki Krzysztof , Ahmed Salma K. , Tharwat Engy K. , Magdy Hana , Zeinhom Alaa , Mansour Ahmed M.
Published: September 2022

Before and after illumination, as well as when it was coupled with the medicine Paclitaxel, the visible-light induced fac-Mn(CO)3 molecule of 8-amino showed interesting cytotoxicity against triple-negative breast cancer.
Synthesis of organic carbamates as polyurethane raw materials from CO2: the quest for metal alkoxides as regenerable reagents
Authors: Takeuchi Katsuhiko , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Fukaya Norihisa , Osakada Kohtaro , Sato Kazuhiko , Choi Jun-Chul
Published: September 2022

An account of the progress in the synthesis of organic carbamates for polyurethane raw materials from CO2 using metal alkoxides as regenerating reagents.
Two-step thermotropic phase transition and dielectric relaxation in 1D supramolecular lead iodide perovskite [NH4@18-crown ether]PbI3
Authors: Xie Yu-Xin , Yuan Guo-Jun , Miao Ji-Bin , Luan Ye-Ting , Li Li , Chen Hong , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: September 2022

The supramolecular crystal, {[NH4(18-crown-6)]PbI3}∞, experiences disorder–order transformation between LTP and ITP, both disorder–order and symmetry-broken phase transition between ITP and HTP.
A new method for the preparation of high-purity CO2-absorbing Li3NaSiO4 powder using lithium silicate and sodium carbonate
Authors: Iwasaki Shumpei , Shido Kosuke , Hashimoto Takuya
Published: September 2022

By changing starting material from the mixture of Li2CO3/Na2CO3/SiO2 to Li4SiO4/Li2SiO3/Na2CO3, powder Li3NaSiO4 with higher purity and more homogeneous particle size, showing higher amount of CO2 absorption, was obtained.
An automated size and time-resolved aerosol collector platform integrated with environmental sensors to study the vertical profile of aerosols
Authors: Cheng Zezhen , Liyu Andrey , Dexheimer Darielle , Lata Nurun Nahar , Kulkarni Gourihar , Longbottom Casey Michael , Mei Fan , China Swarup
Published: September 2022

Vertical gradient of size-resolved aerosol composition reveals various atmospheric processing at different altitudes.
Peptide linked perylene bisimide and diketopyrrolopyrrole: design, synthesis and investigation of mechanofluorochromism
Authors: Venkateswarlu D. , Swetha T. , Boddula Rajamouli , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of perylene diimide (PDI-PEP) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP-PEP) derivatives which are substituted with a peptide linker in a core and wings manner (here DPP acts as the core moiety and the peptide linker works as the wings).
Synergies in antimicrobial treatment by a levofloxacin-loaded halloysite and gold nanoparticles with a conjugation to a cell-penetrating peptide
Authors: Taheri-Ledari Reza , Ahghari Mohammad Reza , Ansari Fatemeh , Forouzandeh-Malati Mohadeseh , Mirmohammadi Seyedeh Shadi , Zarei-Shokat Simindokht , Ramezanpour Sorour , Zhang Wenjie , Tian Ye , Maleki Ali
Published: September 2022

An effective synergy in the antimicrobial treatment was obtained by a levofloxacin-loaded plasmonic nano-cargo.
Improved adsorption performance and magnetic recovery capability of Al–Fe co-doped lithium ion sieves
Authors: Han Hongjing , He Yujia , Zhang Wangzhi , Gu Weiwei , Wu Yongmin , Tang Weiping
Published: September 2022

Al–Fe co-doped H1.6(Al0.3Mn0.7)1.6Fe0.1O4 lithium-ion sieves exhibit magnetic recovery properties and excellent recycling performance.
Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of mesoporous polymers and carbon materials: the self-assembly mechanism
Authors: Song Yaoguang , Norris Fraser , Hinchcliffe Daryl , Xu Yong , Zhang Xiaolei , Nockemann Peter
Published: September 2022

Soft-templating synthesis has been widely employed to fabricate ordered mesoporous polymer and carbon materials with effectively tuneable pore sizes.
A triple-diazonium reagent for virus crosslinking and the synthesis of an azo-linked molecular cage
Authors: He Lijun , Jiang Chenyang , Chen Zhuoyue , Ma Dejun , Yi Long , Xi Zhen
Published: September 2022

We rationally design and synthesize the first triple-diazonium reagent as a multiple crosslinker, which is employed for virus hydrogelation and the synthesis of an azo-linked molecular cage.
Peptide based folding and function of single polymer chains
Authors: Kalmer Henrik , Sbordone Federica , Frisch Hendrik
Published: September 2022

A modular synthetic strategy to fold single polymer chains upon deprotection of pendent cysteine terminal peptides is reported. The one step deprotection initiates both folding and catalytic activity of the macromolecular architectures.
Unraveling the origin of reductive stability of super-concentrated electrolytes from first principles and unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Wang Feng , Cheng Jun
Published: September 2022

Understanding solvation effects in electrochemical stability of concentrated electrolytes by computational electrochemistry and machine learning.
Clinical Practice Patterns in Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Implications for Speech-Language Pathology Education
Authors: Hayes Sydney , Riccardi Jessica Salley , Lewis Barbara
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') clinical practice patterns related to childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).

Method:

A survey study was conducted with a total of 52 SLPs. Survey questions were related to SLPs' education, clinical experiences, and perceptions of CAS and AAC and implementation of AAC.

Results:

Most SLPs reported having had a dedicated AAC class during graduate school and are regularly pursuing continuing education in both CAS and AAC. SLPs reported varied clinical experiences, perceptions, and implementation of AAC in clients with CAS, with 86.54% reporting recommending AAC at some point to a client with CAS. The percentage of clients with CAS who were recommended AAC was significantly less for clinicians who pursued less continuing education in CAS (
p
= .023). SLPs were significantly more likely to report comfort with AAC if they pursued continuing education in AAC (
p
= .025) or had an AAC class in graduate school (
p
= .007).

Conclusions:

SLPs' educational and clinical experience influence their clinical practice patterns related to clients with CAS and implementation of AAC. Based on the needs and skills of clients with CAS, graduate clinical education and continuing education courses regarding treatment of CAS should include information on AAC, particularly in the context of supporting receptive and expressive language skills, alongside speech development.
Resolution independent person re‐identification network
Authors: Zhang Li , Xu Yunjie , Zhao Liaoying , Qin Feiwei
Published: September 2022

Does a query image with much higher resolution than that of the gallery image also affect the pedestrian re‐identification performance? If so, and how does it affect performance? The study proposes a novel framework for performing high‐resolution image reconstruction and pedestrian re‐identification tasks, independent of the query image resolution. More precisely, an end‐to‐end trainable Resolution Independent person Re‐identification network is proposed. It is composed of our designed Cross‐Resolution GAN and Embedding Batch Normalisation layers. The model is then compared with the traditional low‐resolution pedestrian recognition algorithm and the hybrid method of high‐resolution reconstruction and pedestrian re‐identification. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods in the pedestrian re‐identification task based on our expanded benchmark dataset. It also reaches an equivalent performance to the existing methods in the high‐resolution image reconstruction task.
Optimised Internet of Thing framework based hybrid meta‐heuristic algorithms for E‐healthcare monitoring
Authors: Al‐Hashimi Muhaned , Mohammed Jameel Shymaa , Husham Almukhtar Firas , Abdul Zahra Musaddak Maher , Adnan Jaleel Refed
Published: September 2022

Everything can be connected in the Internet of Things (IoTs) technology that enables efficient communication between connected objects. IoTs industry‐based meta‐heuristic and mining algorithms, which are considered an important field of Artificial Intelligence will be used to construct a healthcare application in this study for lowering costs, increasing efficiency, accurate analysis of data and better care for patient. Meta‐heuristic algorithms are now effective modelling and optimisation tools. The proposed framework offers hybrid meta‐heuristic and mining algorithms to solve the optimisation and analysis issues. Grey Wolf Optimisation (GWO) applies a spiral‐shaped path to assure diversity and convergence. To encourage convergence, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is introduced. Also, we applied a support vector machine and Naïve Bayes for extracting and analysing important information for heart collected from sensors. The goals are to build Electronic Healthcare (E‐Health), which includes establishing a link between patients and health providers to monitor, diagnose and save useful information. It is the foundation for accomplishing efficient and robust monitoring. The results offer that the IoTs framework is optimised and enhanced using the hybrid algorithm, which outperforms the GWO and GA, and the mining algorithms are more accurate with a hybrid algorithm than used mining with only GWO or GA.
Contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ionization to neutral gas heating in galaxies: model versus observations
Authors: Berné O. , Foschino S. , Jalabert F. , Joblin C.
Published: September 2022

The ionization of polycyclic aromatic hydocarbons (PAHs) by ultraviolet (UV) photons from massive stars is expected to account for a large fraction of the heating of neutral gas in galaxies. Evaluation of this proposal, however, has been limited by our ability to directly compare observational diagnostics to the results of a molecular model describing PAH ionization. The objective of this article is to take advantage of the most recent values of molecular parameters derived from laboratory experiments and quantum chemical calculations on PAHs and provide a detailed comparison between modeled values and observational diagnostics for the PAH charge state and the heating efficiency for PAHs. Despite the use of a simple analytical model, we obtain a good agreement between model results and observational diagnostics over a wide range of radiation fields and physical conditions, in environments such as star-forming regions, galaxies, and protoplanetary disks. In addition, we found that the modeled photoelectric heating rates by PAHs are close to the observed cooling rates given by the gas emission. These results show that PAH ionization is the main source of neutral gas heating in these environments. The results of our photoelectric heating model by PAHs can thus be used to assess the contribution of UV radiative heating in galaxies (vs. e.g. shock). We conclude on the importance of implementing the physics of PAH ionization in astrophysical codes, which are developed, for example, for the evaporating surfaces of protoplanetary disks, the diffuse interstellar medium, and the photodissociation regions associated with star-forming regions in the local and distant universe. We provide the empirical formulas and Python code to calculate the heating rates and heating efficiencies for PAHs.
The edges of galaxies: Tracing the limits of star formation
Authors: Chamba Nushkia , Trujillo Ignacio , Knapen Johan H.
Published: September 2022

The outskirts of galaxies have been studied from multiple perspectives for the past few decades. However, it is still unknown if all galaxies have clear-cut edges similar to everyday objects. We address this question by developing physically motivated criteria to define the edges of galaxies. Based on the gas density threshold required for star formation, we define the edge of a galaxy as the outermost radial location associated with a significant drop in either past or ongoing in situ star formation. We explore ∼1000 low-inclination galaxies with a wide range in morphology (dwarfs to ellipticals) and stellar mass (107 M⊙ < M⋆ < 1012 M⊙). The location of the edges of these galaxies (Redge) were visually identified as the outermost cutoff or truncation in their radial profiles using deep multi-band optical imaging from the IAC Stripe82 Legacy Project. We find this characteristic feature at the following mean stellar mass density, which varies with galaxy morphology: 2.9 ± 0.10 M⊙ pc−2 for ellipticals, 1.1 ± 0.04 M⊙ pc−2 for spirals, and 0.6 ± 0.03 M⊙ pc−2 for present-day star-forming dwarfs. Additionally, we find that Redge depends on its age (colour) where bluer galaxies have larger Redge at a fixed stellar mass. The resulting stellar mass–size plane using Redge as a physically motivated galaxy size measure has a very narrow intrinsic scatter (≲0.06 dex). These results highlight the importance of new deep imaging surveys to explore the growth of galaxies and trace the limits of star formation in their outskirts.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Regulations on the Health Status and
Medical Care of Children with Trisomy 21
Authors: Niemann Annika , Boudriot Anett , Brett Birgit , Fritzsch Christiane , Götz Dorit , Haase Roland , Höhne Sibylle , Jorch Gerhard , Köhn Andrea , Lux Anke , Zenker Martin , Rissmann Anke
Published: September 2022

Background While children are considered at low risk for COVID-19, little
is known about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on paediatric risk patients like
children with Trisomy 21 (T21). As these children often need regular therapy and
various medical appointments, this study aimed to investigate the possible
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with T21.

Patients and Methods Parents of children with T21 in the age of
0–12 years in Saxony-Anhalt were interviewed via phone in June 2021
regarding the health status and medical care of their children during the past
15 months of pandemic.

Results 37 children with mean age of 6.1 years (min 0; max 12) were
included in the study. The majority did not have any additional congenital
anomalies. Surveyed parents hardly reported adverse changes of health status
during the pandemic, but rather improvements, such as decreased number of
respiratory infections and more time spend with their children. Outpatient
appointments and therapy were cancelled or postponed at the onset of the
pandemic, but parents reported low impact on their child’s health and
development. The main concern seemed to be lack of childcare during school and
day-care closures and uncertainty concerning possible health impacts of an
infection on their children.

Conclusion There was low impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and
medical care of children with T21 in our study population. Further research is
needed to help weigh the child’s individual risk of infection against
the need for medical treatment and therapy when dealing with paediatric risk
patients.
Noise and Critical Sound Levels During Non-Invasive Ventilation of a
Preterm Infant in the Incubator
Authors: Kaiser Elisabeth , Stutz Regine , Goedicke-Fritz Sybelle , Bous Michelle , Zemlin Michael , Adams Christian
Published: September 2022

Background Preterm birth and the subsequent necessary treatment in
neonatal intensive care units (NICU) subjects the preterm infant to
non-physiological noise exposure with potentially adverse consequences for
short- and long-term development. Adjusters to improve the acoustic environment
for the preterm infant need to be defined.

Methods Sound pressure level measurements during routine procedures in a
NICU were performed by ¼” microphones placed inside and outside
the incubator. The microphones need to be suitably positioned to measure sound
pressure levels that are representative for the sound field inside and outside
the incubator. The sound pressure level spectra generated by respiratory support
and corresponding monitor alarms were compared.

Results Inside the incubator, higher sound level pressures (in dBA) were
generated primarily by the use of the system components of the incubator itself
than outside, whereas when the incubator was closed, it had an insulating effect
on sounds generated in the NICU. Non-invasive ventilation resulted in an
increase in sound pressure levels from 50 to 60 dBA in the neonate’s
environment, with sound pressure levels increasing particularly in the frequency
range above 1 kHz.

Conclusion Preterm infants are exposed to high sound levels, especially in
the non-physiological high-frequency range, particularly during non-invasive
ventilation. The continuous sound exposure could be further reduced to some
extent by an optimized design of the incubator.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Chemoprevention with Generic Agents
Authors: Rasha Fahmida , Paul Subhojit , Simon Tracey G. , Hoshida Yujin
Published: September 2022

Liver cancer, mainly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. With the global epidemic of obesity, the major HCC etiologies have been dynamically shifting from viral to metabolic liver diseases. This change has made HCC prevention difficult with increasingly elusive at-risk populations as rational target for preventive interventions. Besides ongoing efforts to reduce obesity and metabolic disorders, chemoprevention in patients who already have metabolic liver diseases may have a significant impact on the poor HCC prognosis. Hepatitis B– and hepatitis C–related HCC incidences have been substantially reduced by the new antivirals, but HCC risk can persist over a decade even after successful viral treatment, highlighting the need for HCC-preventive measures also in these patients. Experimental and retrospective studies have suggested potential utility of generic agents such as lipophilic statins and aspirin for HCC chemoprevention given their well-characterized safety profile, although anticipated efficacy may be modest. In this review, we overview recent clinical and translational studies of generic agents in the context of HCC chemoprevention under the contemporary HCC etiologies. We also discuss newly emerging approaches to overcome the challenges in clinical testing of the agents to facilitate their clinical translation.
Expansion and Compression of a Helicate with Central Diol Units as Stereocontrolling Moieties
Authors: Grüninger Saskia , Mevissen Christian , Rissanen Kari , Ward Jas S. , Albrecht Markus
Published: September 2022

The dicatechol ester ligand 2-H4 forms the compressed helicate Li4[(2)3 Ti2] which upon removal of the internally bound lithium cations expands. In the compressed form, the chiral diol units control the stereochemistry of the complex which is lost upon expansion of the system.
A Study to Assess the Awareness and Practices of Helmet Use among Two-Wheeler Riders in Delhi
Authors: Tirwa Milan , Joshi Poonam , Sinha Aditi P. , Dolma Yangchen , Singh Man
Published: September 2022

Objectives To assess the awareness and practice of two-wheeler riders regarding the helmet use, and to determine the association of awareness and practices with selected variables.

Setting and Design This article is a descriptive survey, which was completed at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) premises, New Delhi, India.

Materials and Methods The pretested and validated tools developed by researcher consisted of demographic sheet (8 items) along with structured awareness and practice questionnaire.

Results and Conclusions Maximum participants were male (71.06%) with majority riding for 8 years. As much as 48% of the sample population had accidents while driving. Only 2.9% of them reported to have sustained severe injury during these accidents. The mean awareness and practice score related to helmet use were 49.58 ± 6.019.75 ± 5.56. There was weak correlation between awareness and practice. Association of awareness and practices with selected variables could not be observed (p-value—0.4870). Although public awareness is present, but law needs to be more stringent. Accidents are fatal and it can happen anywhere and anytime, irrespective of long or short distance, and wearing of helmet can save a person from major injuries.