bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damages of Tyrophagus communis to a variety of edible fungi
Authors: LAN QINGXIU , LU ZHENGHUI , KE BINGRONG , LIAO JIANHUA , ZENG HUI , FAN QING-HAI
Published: November 2022

Tyrophagus communis and T. putrescentiae are the primary acarid mites that cause damages to edible fungi. They have similar damaging symptoms and morphological characteristics. They are difficult to distinguish, and many people often mistake T. communis for T. putrescentiae. Tyrophagus communis often infests the original culture and cultivated medium in natural farming or commercial production. From 2021 to 2022, T. communis seriously damaged the cultivated medium of Tremella fuciformis (Fig. 1). Being fed by T. communis on mycelium and primordia (Fig. 2), the medium gradually turned brown-black and decayed, resulting in fruiting bodies appearing delayed, or even without fruit coming out. It was still found to damage the fungi after the disinfestation of the houses infested with T. communis. In addition to Tremella fuciformis, T. communis also infested Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Auricularia polytricha and Pleurotus ostreatus. The infested original cultures must be discarded due to the loss of their value. The fruiting bodies of T. fuciformis on the infested medium emerge unevenly, being difficult to manage, and their yield and beneficial values are reduced. The safety production of these edible fungi was affected by T. communis. The biological characteristics, causes of infestation and prevention methods of T. communis need to be further studied to ensure the green and safe production of edible fungi.
Identification of effective insecticides to manage Petrobia latens outbreaks in winter wheat
Authors: ROYER TOM A. , HESS THOMAS , ZARRABI ALI
Published: November 2022

Petrobia latens (Müller) is a sporadic, but important pest of winter wheat in Oklahoma. Outbreaks are associated with prevalent hot, dry conditions (Jepson et al. 1975; Dhooria 2016).  Because outbreaks are sporadic, updated data on acaricide efficacy against P. latens is sparse, and growers need to know what products are available to effectively control them when outbreaks occur (Depew 1968; Henderson & Tilton 1955; Saxena & Rawat 1969). We conducted two studies in established winter wheat to evaluate selected insecticides (bifenthrin @ 0.02 kg ai/ha, dimethoate @ 0.28 kg ai/ha, gamma cyhalothrin @ 0.015 kg ai/ha, lambda cyhalothrin @ 0.03 kg ai/ha, and zeta-cypermethrin @ 0.028 kg ai/ha) for their effectiveness at controlling P. latens. The first study (field 1) was conducted in a wheat field at Feekes growth stage 3.0 (Feekes 1941), and the second in a wheat field (Field 2) at Feekes growth stage 4.0.  Mite populations in Field 1 averaged 421 mites per m2 and 1694 per m2 in Field 2. Growth stage affected control, with % control ranging from 48% to 64% in Field 1, while % control ranged from 81% to 88% in Field 2.
Acarological Frontiers: Proceedings of the XVI International Congress of Acarology (1–5 Dec. 2022, Auckland, New Zealand)
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG , FAN QING-HAI , HEATH ALLEN C.G. , MINOR MARIA A.
Published: November 2022

Table of Contents
The lychee erinose mite (Aceria litchii), in the Context of the Mite-Plant Interaction
Authors: ATAIDE LIVIA M. S. , VECHIA JAQUELINE F. DELLA , KENDRA PAUL E. , OCHOA RONALD , HAMMOND JOHN , CARRILLO DANIEL , REVYNTHI ALEXANDRA M.
Published: November 2022

The lychee erinose mite (LEM), Aceria litchii, is a serious pest of lychee. This tiny mite induces the formation of erinea, which are open galls with hypertrophic trichomes. Erinea can form on leaves, flowers, fruit, and other plant structures, hampering plant growth and yield. Four distinct types of erinea can be observed: light white (stage 01), white (stage 02), amber (stage 03), and dark erinea (stage 04). To date, it is unknown how and why A. litchii induces the formation of erinea on lychee plants.
Global mite diversity is in crisis: what can we do about it?
Authors: SULLIVAN GREGORY T. , OZMAN-SULLIVAN SEBAHAT K.
Published: November 2022

Since the 1970’s, biodiversity, conservation and ecology journals have published increasing numbers of reports of major, widespread losses of the diversity and abundance of plants, vertebrates and invertebrates, mostly insects, especially in tropical regions. Mites make a major contribution to global ecosystem services and ecological functioning. Reports on diversity and abundance losses among mites, including ticks, have appeared more recently. The huge problems of population decline and direct extinction among free-living invertebrate species across the world are compounded by the host dependency of enormous numbers of other invertebrate species, which puts them at serious risk of secondary endangerment and co-extinction. They include huge numbers of mite species in symbiotic relationships, including phoretic and parasitic relationships, and the highly host-specific, phytophagous eriophyoids. The destruction and degradation of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and habitats across the world, especially for agricultural expansion and intensification, are the major causes of biodiversity loss, with climate change, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species and pesticide use among other contributors. Measures and activities that would substantially contribute to saving the great majority of the world’s remaining biodiversity include the protection of all remaining areas of natural and semi-natural habitat, especially the subtropical and tropical forests, with the 36 global biodiversity hotspots an absolute priority; habitat restoration with local species; higher global soil carbon levels; rapid transition from fossil fuel use to renewable energy sources to stop climate change; minimization of pollution; universal education and social justice; a lower human population; and sustainable use of global resources. The rapid implementation of these and other practical measures at the local, national and global scales is essential to ensure the long term survival of the vast majority of biodiversity, including mite species.
Dosage-dependent and prey stage-specific non-consumptive effects of predators on prey: interactions between Neoseiulus cucumeris and Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Authors: WEI XIAOYING , ZHANG ZHI-QIANG
Published: November 2022

Predators can affect prey both directly through consumption and indirectly through non-consumptive effects such as predation risk. The latter has been less studied than consumptive effects in predator-prey interactions, although many studies have shown that non-consumptive effects could significantly affect various life history traits of the prey (Clinchy et al. 2013; Gurr et al. 2017; Hawlena & Schmitz 2010; Hermann & Thaler 2014; McCauley et al. 2011; Peckarsky et al. 2002; Skelhorn et al. 2011; Stoks 2001; Zanette et al. 2011), such as development, reproduction and lifespan in mite prey-predator systems (Choh & Takabayashi 2010; Freinschlag & Schausberger 2016; Grostal & Dicke 1999; Li & Zhang 2019; Ristyadi et al. 2022; Škaloudová et al. 2007; Wei & Zhang 2019, 2022). Most published studies examined the short-term effects of predation risk on prey immature development, reproduction and behaviour (e.g. Abrams & Rowe 1996; Choh et al. 2010; Majchrzak et al. 2022; Oku et al. 2003; Oliveira & Moraes 2021; Rocha et al. 2020; Saavedra et al. 2022; Warkentin 1995). In this study, we examined the effects of predation risk on short-term as well as long-term traits such as fecundity and lifespan. In addition, we also compared the effects of exposure to predation risks for long versus short duration.
Spider mite mothers control their sneaker sons’ reproductive behavior depending on operational sex ratio
Authors: SATO YUKIE , EGAS MARTIJN , SCHAUSBERGER PETER
Published: November 2022

Males often fight with conspecific males for access to females. However, in many species, males may also adopt alternative tactics, such as sneaking or female mimicking, to get access to females by deceiving fighting rival males.
Occurrence of parthenogenesis in a soil predatory mite Lasioseius japonicus Ehara (Acari: Blattisociidae)
Authors: TAN YANYING , ZHANG NA , ZHU ZHITONG , YAN YI , XIE LIXIA
Published: November 2022

Soil predatory mites are natural enemies of several important insect and acarine pests (Navarro-Campos et al., 2012; Saito and Brownbridge, 2016). Among them, members of the family Blattisociidae are considered great biological control agents against phytophagous pests (Zhang and Xie, 2021). Lasioseius japonicus belongs to the family Blattisociidae, with a high potential in controlling insect and mite pests. Yan et al. (2019) collected this mite from a laboratory colony of Athetis lepigone (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Shandong Agricultural University. L. japonicus can prey on eggs of Drosophila melanogaster, Sitotroga cerealella, Musca domestica, Bradysia cellarum, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and larvae of B. cellarum and T. putrescentiae (Li, 2019; Zhang et al., 2020).
Status of lifespan in laelapid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae)
Authors: ZHANG NA , TAN YANYING , WANG HAOLING , YAN YI , XIE LIXIA
Published: November 2022

In the Mesostigmata, Laelapidae is a family diverse in ecology and morphology (Babaeian et al., 2019; Moraes et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2022). It is distributed all over the world (Keum et al., 2017; Joharchi & Halliday 2021), and has many habitats, including soil, the body surface of vertebrates or in their nests, arthropods and parasitic on mammals (Moreira & Moraes 2015; Nemati et al., 2018; Zhang, 2019; Attasopa et al., 2021). Laelapidae has 146 genera and more than 1500 species, including many predatory and parasitic species (Zhang et al., 2022). Some laelapid mites can prey on nematodes, thrips pupae, astigmatic mites, fungus gnat larvae, housefly eggs, mealybug and so on (Carrillo et al., 2015; Ajvad et al., 2018; Pérez-Rodríguez et al., 2018; Castro-López et al., 2021).
DNA methylation as a possible mechanism responsible for Haemaphysalis longicornis response to low temperature stress
Authors: NWANADE CHUKS FIDELIS , WANG ZI-HAO , BAI RU-WEI , WANG RUO-TONG , ZHANG TIAN-AI , LIU JING-ZE , YU ZHI-JUN
Published: November 2022

Abiotic stress is an important factor that can influence the survival and development of ticks. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that has been implicated in the adaptation of plants and insects to abiotic stress, but its role in the response of ticks to abiotic stress remains unclear. Herein, we explore the DNA methylation profile of the tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis exposed to low-temperature stress using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS).
The arthropods of corpses from above ground and from deep below
Authors: PEROTTI M. ALEJANDRA , BRAIG HENK R.
Published: November 2022

The Acari are one of the most ubiquitous arthropod inhabitants and associates of human and animal remains.  Over 150 years ago, Jean Pierre Mégnin proposed that mites arrive at corpses at two particular stages of the decomposition process, that is within the first and the sixth waves of arthropod arrival or colonisation event (Mégnin, 1895).  Now we know that mites actually arrive at each stage of the decomposition process of corpses, in a continuum (Rai et al., 2021).  Interestingly, the mite fauna of cadavers is very diverse, and mite species composition varies as decomposition progresses and according to the environment where decomposition occurs (Baker, 2009; Braig & Perotti, 2009).  In fact, specific stages of decomposition can be characterised by the associated mite species (Kamaruzaman et al., 2018; Leclercq & Verstraeten, 1988; Mašán et al., 2013; Mégnin, 1895).
4 The Unfamiliarity of Everyday Sounds
Authors: Cobussen Marcel
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, the question is posed: If the everyday is that which is common and recognizable, then what can happen when that world is disturbed and disrupted by an unfamiliarity that is not in opposition to the everyday, but always already existing within “the order of the same”? In other words, the chapter is an exploration of the non-everyday in the heart of the everyday, to demonstrate how one is operative within the other.
Hyper-Realistic Advanced Surgical Skills Package with Cut Suit Simulator Improves Trainee Surgeon Confidence in Operative Trauma
Authors: Chao Edward , Liveris Anna , Yusaf Tricia , Batista Gabriela , Diaz Dajelyn , Cruz Juan , Lee Alex-Sungbae , Pohlman Jessica , Andrews Kiah , Bukur Marko , Teperman Sheldon , Klein Michael J.
Published: November 2022

Background

Adequate exposure to operative trauma is not uniform across surgical residencies, and therefore it can be challenging to achieve competency during residency alone. This study introduced the Cut Suit surgical simulator with an Advanced Surgical Skills Package, which replicates traumatic bleeding and organ injury, into surgery resident training across multiple New York City trauma centers.

Methods

Trainees from 6 ACS-verified trauma centers participated in this prospective, observational trial. Groups of 3-5 trainees (post-graduate year 1-6) from 6 trauma centers within the largest public healthcare network in the U.S. participated. Residents were asked to perform various operative tasks including rescucitative thoracotomy, exploratory laprotomy, splenectomy, hepatorrhaphy, retroperitoneal exploration, and small bowel resection on a severely injured simulated patient. Pre- and post-course surveys were used to evaluate trainees’ confidence performing these procedures and quizzes were used to evaluate participants’ knowledge acquisition after the simulation.

Results

One hundred twenty-three surgery residents participated in the evaluation. 68% of participants agreed that the simulation was similar to actual surgery. After the simulation, the percentage of residents reporting being “more confident” or “most confident” in independently managing operative trauma patients increased by 42% ( P < .01). There was a significant increase in the proportion of residents reporting being “more confident” or “most confident” managing all procedures performed. Post-activity quiz scores improved by an average of 20.4 points.

Discussion

The Cut Suit surgical simulator with ASSP is a realistic and useful adjunct in training surgeons to manage complex operative trauma.
The Multiple Errands Test: A Guide for Site-Specific Version Development
Authors: Scarff Shannon M. , Nalder Emily J. , Gullo Hannah L. , Fleming Jennifer
Published: November 2022

Background. The complex and real-world nature of the Multiple Errands Test (MET) makes it a valuable and increasingly popular assessment of cognitive function. However, these same qualities make its local implementation challenging. Purpose. To produce an evidence-based guide for site-specific adaptation of the MET. Method. The CAN-IMPLEMENT© knowledge translation framework informed a structured approach to the creation of a guide to site-specific version development, informed by twenty-two published approaches to MET adaptation. Applicability of the guide was supported by a two-phase revision process, in which a site-specific hospital and community version produced from its recommendations were administered with forty-two neurologically intact participants and stakeholder feedback obtained. Findings. We offer an outline of core components which maintain the integrity of the MET, and adaptable peripheries which may be modified when required by the local setting. Implications. The proposed guide provides a systematic yet flexible guide for site-specific MET development.
Complex angle part fabricated by vacuum bag only process with interleaved dry fiber and prepreg
Authors: Wu Kai-Jen , Young Wen-Bin
Published: November 2022

This study used the vacuum bag-only process to fabricate angle composite parts on a complex-shape mold by employing interleaved unidirectional prepreg and dry fiber. The study focuses on the thickness variation along the angle part by analyzing the thickness distribution within the angle part by the statistic method. The corner thickness deviation (CTD) and angle deviation (AD) of the angle part were used to quantify the quality of the part by different process parameters and mold design. The results indicated that the CTD and AD were both linearly decreased with the increase of the part thickness. Besides, the part fabricated with the convex mold presented higher dimensional stability and uniformity as compared to that with the concave mold. In addition, we investigated the effect of caul plate applied at the corner regions, and the results showed that the lead caul plate could effectively improve the thickness change in the corner area in both the concave and convex mold. In order to fully understand the thickness variation of the part at the corner region, a semi-empirical model was proposed to forecast the corner thickness deviation of angle part. In this study, the prediction errors of the semi-empirical model for the parts by the concave and convex molds are 10% and 25%, respectively.
Segmenting Speech by Mouth: The Role of Oral Prosodic Cues for Visual Speech Segmentation
Authors: Mitchel Aaron D. , Lusk Laina G. , Wellington Ian , Mook Alexis T.
Published: November 2022

Adults are able to use visual prosodic cues in the speaker’s face to segment speech. Furthermore, eye-tracking data suggest that learners will shift their gaze to the mouth during visual speech segmentation. Although these findings suggest that the mouth may be viewed more than the eyes or nose during visual speech segmentation, no study has examined the direct functional importance of individual features; thus, it is unclear which visual prosodic cues are important for word segmentation. In this study, we examined the impact of first removing (Experiment 1) and then isolating (Experiment 2) individual facial features on visual speech segmentation. Segmentation performance was above chance in all conditions except for when the visual display was restricted to the eye region ( eyes only condition in Experiment 2). This suggests that participants were able to segment speech when they could visually access the mouth but not when the mouth was completely removed from the visual display, providing evidence that visual prosodic cues conveyed by the mouth are sufficient and likely necessary for visual speech segmentation.
Arrival cities and the mobility of concepts
Authors: Wilson Helen F
Published: November 2022

The status of any arrival city is far from stable, being continuously reworked by state policy, geopolitics, economic fluctuations or localised events that rupture or destabilise what came before. The diversifications and differential inclusions that are examined in this special issue attest to the complexities of arrival cities, where the very nature of ‘arrival’ is open to interpretation and subject to diverse temporal experiences and migration regimes. By approaching the concept of ‘arrival city’ as a heuristic and moving between the literal and figurative realms of mobility, I draw out some of the core contributions of Migrant-led Diversification and Differential Inclusion in Arrival Cities Across Asia-Pacific. This includes: the notion of arrival; temporal geographies and the experience of transience and non-linearity; and the geographies of intimacy and encounter.
Venous malformation presenting as Mauritia arabica-like bronchial wall thickness: a case report
Authors: Lao Miaochan , Gao Ping , Liu Yanhui , Yan Lixu , Gao Xinglin
Published: November 2022

Primary pulmonary venous malformation is rare and usually presents as single or multiple round masses or nodules. Here, we present the first report of a case of venous malformation presenting as Mauritia arabica-like bronchial wall thickness that was initially misdiagnosed as bronchiectasis. A Chinese man in his late 20s presented complaining of hemoptysis for 10 days. Computed tomography demonstrated bronchiectasis and M. arabica-like bronchial wall thickening in the left lower lobe. He was unresponsive to medical treatment for bronchiectasis and underwent thoracoscopic left lower lobectomy. Histopathological examination revealed venous malformation around the bronchial walls with no bronchiectasis. Venous malformation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bronchiectasis, especially in patients with the following triad of signs: no response to antibiotics, M. arabica-like bronchial wall thickness, and normal accompanying arteries.
Osteoperiosteal decortication and bone grafting combined with wave plating for femoral shaft aseptic atrophic nonunion after intramedullary nailing
Authors: Lu Yao , Sun Liang , Wang Qian , Ren Cheng , Xu Yibo , Ye Haobo , Li Ming , Xue Hanzhong , Huang Qiang , Li Zhong , Zhang Kun , Ma Teng
Published: November 2022

Objective

Femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing fixation remains a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. This study evaluated osteoperiosteal decortication and iliac bone grafting combined with wave plating as a treatment for aseptic atrophic nonunion of the femoral shaft after intramedullary nailing.

Methods

The study included 22 patients (two female, 20 male; mean age 40.8 years [range, 19–61]) with aseptic atrophic nonunion of the femoral shaft who underwent osteoperiosteal decortication and iliac bone grafting combined with wave plating between January 2016 and January 2020. Cases with infected nonunion, hypertrophic nonunion, and nonunion after plate osteosynthesis were excluded. Clinical outcomes were assessed retrospectively using the Samantha X-ray and Paley scale scores.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 18.8 months (range, 12–35). Bone union was achieved in all patients. The average clinical healing time was 5.7 months (range, 3–14). The mean Samantha X-ray score was 5.7 ± 0.45 and the Paley scores indicated excellent or good clinical results in all cases. One patient developed sterile wound leakage that resolved after a dressing change.

Conclusions

Osteoperiosteal decortication and bone grafting combined with wave plating is an excellent treatment for aseptic atrophic nonunion of the femoral shaft after intramedullary nailing.
Factors Impacting Access and Engagement of Cognitive Remediation Therapy for People with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Altman Rosalie Ariane Eva , Tan Eric Josiah , Rossell Susan Lee
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Neurocognitive deficits are central in schizophrenia. Cognitive remediation has proven effective in alleviating these deficits, with medium effect sizes. However, sizeable attrition rates are reported, with the reasons still uncertain. Furthermore, cognitive remediation is not part of routine mental health care. We conducted a systematic review to investigate factors that influence access and engagement of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia.

Methods

We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases for peer-reviewed articles including a cognitive remediation arm, access, and engagement data, and participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders aged 17–65 years old. Duplicates and studies without a distinct cognitive remediation component, protocol papers, single case studies, case series, and reviews/meta-analyses were excluded.

Results

We included 67 studies that reported data on access and engagement, and extracted quantitative and qualitative data. Access data were limited, with most interventions delivered on-site, to outpatients, and in middle- to high-income countries. We found a median dropout rate of 14.29%. Only a small number of studies explored differences between dropouts and completers ( n = 5), and engagement factors ( n = 13). Dropouts had higher negative symptomatology and baseline self-efficacy, and lower baseline neurocognitive functioning and intrinsic motivation compared to completers. The engagement was positively associated with intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, educational level, premorbid intelligence quotient, baseline neurocognitive functioning, some neurocognitive outcomes, and therapeutic alliance; and negatively associated with subjective cognitive complaints. Qualitative results showed good acceptability of cognitive remediation, with some areas for improvement.

Conclusions

Overall, access and engagement results are scarce and heterogeneous. Further investigations of cognitive remediation for inpatients, as well as remote delivery, are needed. Future clinical trials should systematically explore attrition and related factors. Determining influential factors of access and engagement will help improve the implementation and efficacy of cognitive remediation, and thus the recovery of people with schizophrenia.
From Exceptionalism to Relationality: Responding to Mandatory Reporting in Texas Anti-Trans Directives
Authors: Harrell Sam , Jordan Sid , Wahab Stéphanie
Published: November 2022

This manuscript responds to recent directives in Texas that would define the facilitation or provision of gender-affirming medical treatment for minors as “child abuse.” Specifically, we focus on the use of these directives to widen the scope of mandatory reporting laws. We briefly discuss the politics of mandatory reporting and the strategic appropriation of feminist, anti-violence narratives. We then critically analyze social work resistance to the Attorney General's opinion through a lens of exceptionalism. Finally, we discuss abolition feminism as a guidepost for critically questioning our field's allegiance to mandatory reporting as an ethical and evidence-based practice.
Energy-efficient control of hydrostatic transmission of a front-end loader machine using machine learning algorithm and its sensitivity analysis
Authors: Bhola Mohit , Kumar Ajit , Kumar N.
Published: November 2022

This paper highlights development of 2-DOF and 3-DOF energy management controllers using a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm for closed-circuit hydrostatic transmission of Front-End Loader (FEL) machine. Objective of energy management controller, is to keep prime-mover, pump and hydro-motor in its efficient zone irrespective of variation of load-speed at drive end. Based on duty cycles of the transmission and sensitivity analysis of drive components, GPR algorithm shows better prediction (within 3%) of optimized commands of hydro-motor and pump displacements and their operating speeds, which results in its efficient operation. Validated model of hydraulic transmission components is integrated with verified model of IC engine to investigate saving in fuel consumption through designed controllers. Comparative study between 2-DOF and 3-DOF controlled transmission systems infers that fuel consumption for engine in 3-DOF controlled system decreases up to 34% of that of 2-DOF with a 20%–30% relative increase in overall drive efficiency.
Drilling of Al2O3 ceramic using ultrasonic assisted electrochemical discharge machining process
Authors: Bagheri Mohammad , Sayadi Daniyal , Etefagh Ardeshir Hemasian , Khajehzadeh Mohsen , Razfar Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2022

Alumina is one of the most important ceramic materials in the industry due to its advantageous properties, such as electrical resistivity and high hardness. The machining of this material encounters several difficulties, and it is usually machined using non-traditional machining processes. Among these processes, ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical discharge machining has been widely used for glass machining. However, this machining process is expected to be accompanied by acceptable results in the case of alumina. Therefore, in this study, the effects of process parameters such as ultrasonic vibration amplitude, voltage, pulse-on time, and pulse-off time on material removal rate, depth, overcut, and taper angle have been experimentally studied in the machining of alumina. The results revealed that hole depth increased up to 52% using ultrasonic vibrations with an amplitude of 34 µm.
Experimental investigation of process parameters in polyether ether ketone 3D printing
Authors: Tafaoli-Masoule Mojtaba , Shakeri Mohsen , Zahedi Seyed Abolfazl , Vaezi Mohammad
Published: November 2022

In the past two decades, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been vastly used in different industries such as automotive, aerospace, and medical sectors due to its mechanical strength, high heat stability, and excellent chemical resistance. Since this semi-crystalline polymer has a high melting temperature, the standard procedure to select extrusion-based 3D printing working parameters has many challenges to ensure each bespoke product with the best quality. Slight shift from optimum process parameters in fused deposition modeling (FDM) of PEEK has a remarkable impact on the final product quality. The present research addresses the long-standing problem of selecting a working setup quickly and accurately which is not dependent on the user's knowledge. In this article, to identify the best arrangement of FDM process parameters, an orthogonal matrix of Taguchi Design of Experiments (DoEs) is applied. Different values of bed, chamber, and nozzle temperatures, print speed, and layer thickness were thoroughly examined for the printing of standard tensile specimens. The mechanical properties and the fracture morphology of samples are examined in different printing conditions to explore a roadmap tool for designing better process parameters which satisfy mechanical requirements of products. In this study, the interpretation of the experimental results is investigated based on analysis of variance (ANOVA). The obtained results show that the best working set up for nozzle temperature, bed temperature, print speed, and layer thickness are 415°C, 160°C, 50 mm s−1, and 0.2 mm, respectively. This article consists of five sections. After introduction in the first section, the effects of working parameters on the strength of final fused products are investigated in Experimental setup section. The results and the confirmation test are considered in seperate sections, respectively. The research is summarized in the conclusion section.
Addressing me in the context of my disease: Why it is so complicated
Authors: Grech Lisa B
Published: November 2022

Addressing a person in the context of their disease must be done respectfully. As a person with multiple sclerosis (MS), my preference is to be referred to as such. Some people with MS refer to themselves as MSers, MS warriors, MS sufferers, and that’s fine. A person with MS can refer to themselves in the context of their disease in the manner they choose. People without MS should use terminology most respectful and acceptable to the broadest of the minority. Academics sometimes use persons with MS to refer to an infinite number of people. Not only is this incorrect but use of persons has broadly fallen out of favour in recent decades. In this personal viewpoint I discuss these issues from a lived experience perspective.
The use of acceptance and commitment therapy in managing psychological symptoms in paediatric functional non-epileptic attacks: A clinical report
Authors: Byrne Gary , Connon Graham
Published: November 2022

Functional non-epileptic attacks (FNEA) are seizure like activities that occur without any organic cause. Although a debilitating and costly disorder, there is much debate within the clinical literature on the causes and prognosis of FNEA, as well as possible effective psychological interventions. This is especially true for FNEA occurring in paediatric populations. Limited evidence to date suggests that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) shows promise and has pragmatic benefits in the context of functional disorders for adults. This case study provides information of a brief (8-session) ACT protocol targeting FNEA and associated emotional difficulties in a 12-year child. Treatment aimed to promote psychological flexibility and reduce functional interference of FNEA symptoms using ACT consistent techniques. Post-treatment, the child demonstrated reliable/clinical recovery in psychological flexibility, symptom interference and anxiety, as well as a marked reduction in the frequency of FNEA episodes. The majority of these gains were evidenced at 5-month follow-up. Such promising findings need to be tempered by methodological considerations.
Addressing HIV and Homelessness During COVID-19: A Community-Based Demonstration Project
Authors: Kay Emma Sophia , Bruce Josh , Foster-Hill Sherri , Rygiel Anne , Batey D. Scott
Published: November 2022

People experiencing homelessness are at increased risk for HIV, and people with HIV (PWH) experiencing homelessness are more likely to experience suboptimal HIV health outcomes than PWH with stable housing. Within Alabama, a state prioritized in the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative, Jefferson County consistently has the highest number of new HIV diagnoses as well as a high percentage of the state’s homeless population. To address the twin epidemics of both HIV and homelessness within the high-priority setting of Jefferson County, Alabama, this 1-year community-based project, Ending the HIV Epidemic: Addressing HIV Health and Homelessness (AH3), sought to increase HIV testing and linkage to care among this population by placing a full-time case manager trained in HIV testing and case management at a homeless shelter. Results demonstrated that HIV testing was highly acceptable: 733 individuals were offered a test, and only 2.7% (n = 20) declined. Nine previously diagnosed, out of care PWH and one newly diagnosed PWH were identified through AH3 testing efforts. Of these, five (50%) were linked to care at a local HIV clinic. The remaining five PWH left the shelter before they could be linked to care. Just 10 shelter guests expressed interest in taking PrEP (just 1.4% of guests who tested negative for HIV), and only one of these linked to PrEP care. Future health promotion programs are needed to address mental health and other ancillary needs among this population, as well as programs that provide access to PrEP and other HIV prevention services.
John Oliver as the Pandemic Fundraiser? Championing Causes and Political Participation Through Satirical Television
Authors: Becker Amy B.
Published: November 2022

Thematic textual analysis was used to evaluate the calls for financial participation and donations that aired during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic across 55 episodes of Seasons 7 and 8 of John Oliver’s Last Week Tonight on HBO (February 2020–November 2021). The findings suggest that Oliver offers a new way for viewers to engage in low-cost political activism that capitalizes on their pre-existing civic skills and resources. With few barriers to participation, Oliver’s fundraising efforts and calls for donations among individuals, corporations, and even on behalf of the show itself allow for engagement across a range of domestic and international political issues, energizing not only his fan base but also simultaneously reasserting his credibility as a trusted information source who is adept at spotlighting issues central to political life and public culture. While calling for participation and protest is part of Oliver’s comic brand, he is also encouraging genuine financial engagement within the public sphere.
A Qualitative Review of Market-based Company Life Cycle Models
Authors: Michelin Cláudia de Freitas , Siluk Julio Cezar Mairesse , Gerhardt Vinícius Jaques , Stieler Eduarda Grasel , Santos Flávia Ferrari dos , Zen Géssica
Published: November 2022

Understanding the stages of the life cycle of companies is fundamental to their management and performance, since the characteristics of companies vary according to the moment they are going through. With this focus, the purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the models of the different company cycles found in the literature presenting comparisons with a life cycle model proposed by an author present in the industrial market. The company life cycle models were identified through a systematic literature review that aimed to rescue the perception of several authors. The authors have a similar approach on the subject of the study, and their proposals come from the 1980s and 1990s, characterizing a time gap on the subject. The article contributes to the research on the company life cycle, as it presents models identified in the literature, as well as a perspective of the stages of companies emphasizing a life cycle model used by industries in the market. The article identifies similarities and differences between company life cycle models used in the market and used others in academic scientific circles. The results of the article provide the characteristics of the company life cycle stages to managers of industrial organizations, helping to understand the organization’s moment in the market, as well as to understand the next stages to be developed.
Pseudomonas cultivated from Andropogon gerardii rhizosphere show functional potential for promoting plant host growth and drought resilience
Authors: Sarkar Soumyadev , Kamke Abigail , Ward Kaitlyn , Hartung Eli , Ran Qinghong , Feehan Brandi , Galliart Matthew , Jumpponen Ari , Johnson Loretta , Lee Sonny T.M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Climate change will result in more frequent droughts that can impact soil-inhabiting microbiomes (rhizobiomes) in the agriculturally vital North American perennial grasslands. Rhizobiomes have contributed to enhancing drought resilience and stress resistance properties in plant hosts. In the predicted events of more future droughts, how the changing rhizobiome under environmental stress can impact the plant host resilience needs to be deciphered. There is also an urgent need to identify and recover candidate microorganisms along with their functions, involved in enhancing plant resilience, enabling the successful development of synthetic communities.

Results

In this study, we used the combination of cultivation and high-resolution genomic sequencing of bacterial communities recovered from the rhizosphere of a tallgrass prairie foundation grass, Andropogon gerardii. We cultivated the plant host-associated microbes under artificial drought-induced conditions and identified the microbe(s) that might play a significant role in the rhizobiome of Andropogon gerardii under drought conditions. Phylogenetic analysis of the non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) identified a bacterial genome of interest – MAG-Pseudomonas. Further metabolic pathway and pangenome analyses recovered genes and pathways related to stress responses including ACC deaminase; nitrogen transformation including assimilatory nitrate reductase in MAG-Pseudomonas, which might be associated with enhanced drought tolerance and growth for Andropogon gerardii.

Conclusions

Our data indicated that the metagenome-assembled MAG-Pseudomonas has the functional potential to contribute to the plant host’s growth during stressful conditions. Our study also suggested the nitrogen transformation potential of MAG-Pseudomonas that could impact Andropogon gerardii growth in a positive way. The cultivation of MAG-Pseudomonas sets the foundation to construct a successful synthetic community for Andropogon gerardii. To conclude, stress resilience mediated through genes ACC deaminase, nitrogen transformation potential through assimilatory nitrate reductase in MAG-Pseudomonas could place this microorganism as an important candidate of the rhizobiome aiding the plant host resilience under environmental stress. This study, therefore, provided insights into the MAG-Pseudomonas and its potential to optimize plant productivity under ever-changing climatic patterns, especially in frequent drought conditions.
Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed pathways involved in improved salt tolerance of Gossypium hirsutum L. seedlings in response to exogenous melatonin application
Authors: Ren Wei , Chen Li , Xie Zong ming , Peng Xiaofeng
Published: November 2022

Background

Salinization is major abiotic stress limiting cotton production. Melatonin (MT) has been implicated in salt stress tolerance in multiple crops including upland cotton. Here, we explored the transcriptomic and metabolomic response of a salt-tolerant self-bred high-yielding cotton line SDS-01, which was exogenously sprayed with four MT concentrations (50, 100, 200, and 500 μM).

Results

Here we found that MT improves plant biomass and growth under salt stress. The combined transcriptome sequencing and metabolome profiling approach revealed that photosynthetic efficiency is improved by increasing the expressions of chlorophyll metabolism and antenna proteins in MT-treated seedlings. Additionally, linoleic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis were improved after MT treatment. The Na+/K+ homeostasis-related genes were increasingly expressed in salt-stressed seedlings treated with MT as compared to the ones experiencing only salt stress. Melatonin treatment activated a cascade of plant-hormone signal transduction and reactive oxygen scavenging genes to alleviate the detrimental effects of salt stress. The global metabolome profile revealed an increased accumulation of flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids and derivatives, saccharides, and phenolic acids in MT-treated seedlings. Interestingly, N, N′-Diferuloylputrescine a known antioxidative compound was highly accumulated after MT treatment.

Conclusion

Collectively, our study concludes that MT is a salt stress regulator in upland cotton and alleviates salt-stress effects by modulating the expressions of photosynthesis (and related pathways), flavonoid, ROS scavenging, hormone signaling, linoleic acid metabolism, and ion homeostasis-related genes.
Assessing clinical trial failure risk factors and reasons in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Zikai , Yin Junyi , Yue Yang , Su Yang , Jiang Hong
Published: November 2022

Background

Gastric cancer is one of the leading cancer-related death causes. Enormous efforts have been focused on this field in these years. However, clinical trial failure is becoming a massive obstacle for researchers to apply their research results for clinical use. This study aimed to analyze the reasons behind clinical failures and identify potential risk factors of clinical trial failures.

Methods

On December, 1, 2021, we queried ClinicalTrials.gov for gastric cancer listed in phase II/III. We included trials specifying their interests in “stomach cancer”, “Stomach Neoplasms”, “Gastric Cancer”, “Gastric Neoplasms”, “Gastric Carcinoma”, “Stomach Carcinoma”, “Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer”. Exclude criteria are: (1) Trials that start prior to 01/01/2007 and start after 12/01/2020; (2) Trials with “not yet recruiting”, “suspended”, “withdrawn”, or “unknown” status; (3) Trials do not provide an anticipated accrual number or a start date.

Results

A total of 567 trials are included. 10.2% of these trials are failed. 16 (2.82%) were terminated for good reasons, and 42 (7.41%) were terminated for bad reasons. Multi-centre (P-value = 0.088) and anticipated accrual (P-value = 0.099) are potential risk factors for clinical failures in the simple logistic regression model. After considering the interaction between multi-centre and anticipated accrual, the odds ratio of anticipated accrual is 0.60 (P-value = 0.009) in single centre trials. In multi-centre trials, the odds ratio of anticipated accrual is 0.72 (P-value = 0.025). The primary reason for gastric cancer trial terminations is recruitment failure.

Conclusion

The rate that trials terminated in gastric cancer has decreased compared to previous studies. Comparing to other types of oncology trials, poor accrual continues to be the predominant reason, followed by business or sponsor reasons. Single-center trials with smaller anticipated accrual number are more likely to be terminated which may resulted by limited resources invested to the trial. Single-center design exacerbated the difficulty of participant recruitment. Future studies need to continue tracking the rate of trial termination across oncology and whether the reasons behind them have changed.
A moderate dosage of coffee causes acute retinal capillary perfusion decrease in healthy young individuals
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Zhu Jiong , Wang Yongyi , Chu Zhongdi , Wang Ruikang K. , Xu Yi , Lu Lina , Zou Haidong
Published: November 2022

Aim:

Caffeinated beverages are very popular across populations and cultures, but quantitative evidence of the acute effects of moderate coffee doses on retinal perfusion is sparse and contradicting. Thus, the aim of this randomized, cross-over and parallel-group design study was to investigate whether moderate consumption of coffee alters macular retinal capillary perfusion in young healthy individuals.

Methods:

Twenty-seven young healthy individuals were recruited for this study. Acute changes in retinal microvasculature were assessed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA) at baseline, 0.5 h, and 2 h after intake of coffee, or water. Meanwhile, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and retina-choroid blood flow were evaluated in a parallel-group design (4 participants each in coffee or water group) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling sequences.

Results:

Two hours after coffee intake, blood caffeine concentration increased from 0 to 5.05 ± 1.36 µg/mL. Coffee caused a significant decrease in retinal vessel diameter index (VDI) (19.05 ± 0.24 versus [vs] 19.13 ± 0.26; p < 0.001) and CBF in the frontal lobe (77.47 ± 15.21 mL/100 mL/min vs. 84.13 ± 15.55 mL/100 mL/min; p < 0.05) 2 h after intake. However, it significantly increased retina-choroid blood flow after 0.5 and 2 h (163.18 ± 61.07 mL/100 mL/min vs. 132.68 ± 70.47 mL/100 mL/min, p < 0.001, and 161.21 ± 47.95 vs. 132.68 ± 70.47; p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:

This is the first study to demonstrate the acute effects of daily dose coffee consumption on retinal capillary perfusion using SD-OCTA combinate with blood flow MRI. The findings imply that although moderate coffee intake caused a significant increase in retina-choroid blood flow, there was a significant acute decrease both in macular retinal capillary perfusion and CBF.