bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutations in structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and potential implications for the ongoing outbreak of infection in India
Authors: Dasgupta Rimjhim
Published: September 2020

SARS-CoV-2 has spread in India very quickly from its first reported case on 30 January 2020 in Thrissur, Kerala. With the drastic increasing number of positive cases around the world WHO raised the importance in the assessment of the risk of spread and understanding genetic modifications that could have occurred in the SARS-CoV-2. Using available genome sequence in NCBI repository from the samples of different locations in India, we identified the regions (hotspots) of the viral genome with high rates of mutation. We analysed four regions of the genome encoding structural proteins Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N), envelop (E) and Membrane (M) proteins. Through computational biology approach, we identified multiple substitution mutations in S and N proteins whereas there is only one substitution in E protein and none in M protein.  We showed most of these amino acid residues are evolutionary conserved. The changes in the conserved residues may have significant implication on the stability of the proteins and subsequent interaction with other elements, which are essential for virus propagation. This provides a basis for a better understanding of the genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the India, which might provide important clues for identifying potential therapeutic targets, development of efficient vaccines, antiviral drugs and diagnostic assays for controlling COVID-19.
Comparison of Efficacy and Peripheral Neuropathy of Solvent-based Paclitaxel with Paclitaxel Poliglumex and NK105: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Taheri Azade , Rad Amirhossein , Sadeghi Erfan , Varshosaz Jaleh
Published: September 2020

Background:

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common dose-limiting side
effects of solvent-based paclitaxel. Paclitaxel poliglumex (PPX) and NK105 were developed to overcome the
paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathy. However, the incidence of peripheral neuropathy induced by PPX
and NK105 was reported higher than solvent-based paclitaxel, but evidence remains inconsistent.

Methods:

The article was reported in accordance with PRISMA Guidelines (Registration number:
CRD42021245313). We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the incidence and severity of peripheral neuropathy
between solvent-based paclitaxel, PPX and NK105 mono-chemotherapy.

Results:

Results revealed that no significant difference exists between the incidence of all grade peripheral neuropathy
among the solvent-based paclitaxel, PPX and NK105 treated groups. While, the incidence of high
grade peripheral neuropathy induced by NK105 was lower than two other groups. Moreover, the overall survival
was not improved in PPX compared with other groups. However, NK105 demonstrated significant longer
overall survival in patients with cancer.

Conclusion:

Current evidence suggests more attention should be paid to the paclitaxel poliglumex re-formulation.
Recent Advances in the Development of Selective Mcl-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer (2017-Present)
Authors: Fan Ying , Hou Xuben , Fang Hao
Published: September 2020

Background:

Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein, as a critical pro-survival member of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein family, plays an important role in apoptosis, carcinogenesis and resistance to chemotherapies. Hence, potently and selectively inhibiting Mcl-1 to induce apoptosis has become a widely accepted anticancer strategy.

Objective:

This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of patents and primary literature, published from 2017 to present, on small molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors with various scaffolds. By analyzing the modes of compound-protein interactions, the similarities and differences of those structures are discussed, which could provide guidance for future drug design.

Methods:

The primary accesses for patent searching are SciFinder and Espacenet®. Besides the data disclosed in patents, some results published in the follow-up research papers will be included in this review.

Results:

The review covers dozens of patents on Mcl-1 inhibitors in the past three years, and the scaffolds of compounds are mainly divided into indole scaffolds and non-indole scaffolds. The compounds described here are compared with the relevant inhibitors disclosed in previous patents, and representative compounds, especially those launched in clinical trials, are emphasized in this review.

Conclusion:

For most of the compounds in these patents, analyses of the binding affinity to Mcl-1 and studies in multiple cell lines were conducted, wherein some compounds were tested in preclinical cancer models or were included in other biological studies. Some compounds showed promising results and potential for further study.
Probiotics Against Viruses; COVID-19 is a Paper Tiger: A Systematic Review
Authors: Paknahad Zamzam , Moravejolahkami Amir R.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Probiotics can improve immune function leading to the prevention and management
of viral infections like SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19 disease).

Methods:

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of
Science up to May 2020 to identify interventional & observational studies documenting the effects
of probiotics on incidence, severity, duration, and other clinical manifestations of viral infections,
especially SARS-CoV-2-induced.

Results:

From a total of 91 records, 24 studies were obtained and classified into three domains
based on the efficacy of probiotics on 1) shortening the period and severity of infections (n=9), 2)
incidence (n=6), and 3) other clinical complications that may be followed by viral disorders (n=9).
Identified probiotics have positive effects on the mentioned domains.

Conclusion:

Based on the evidence, some probiotic strains may be useful in SARS-CoV-2 infection; randomized trials are
needed to show the facts.
Tooth Mobility Reproduction in Dental Material Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ang Yee , Razali Masfueh , Yahaya Norziha
Published: September 2020

Background:

Introducing tooth mobility simulation in laboratory studies can provide results with high accuracy and predictability.

Objectives:

This study aims to review in vitro methodologies replicating tooth mobility and provide a recommended approach for future laboratory models.

Methods:

Databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, BioMed Central and Chinese databases are searched, and twelve articles are included in the final review.

Results:

Simulation methods of tooth mobility involving socket enlargement, screw loosening, alveolar bone loss simulation and a combination approach are identified from the extracted data. The materials used in preparing artificial teeth, artificial sockets and periodontal ligament simulator are discussed with a focus on their limitations. The achieved degrees of mobility and the presence of the centre of rotation are also evaluated. A timeline of the review articles is constructed to understand the trend of the preferred methods in tooth mobility simulation.

Conclusion:

Future in vitro investigations can achieve clinical reliability, particularly for materials tested in the field of dental traumatology and periodontology, by recognising the importance of incorporating tooth mobility in laboratory studies. Improvised methods are proposed to ensure that potential laboratory models can resemble the actual oral environment.
The Relationship between Communication Skills and Intellectual Health in Senior-Year Students of Paramedicine School at Kashan University of Medical Sciences 2019
Authors: Jeddi Fatemeh R. , Ghaffary Faeze , Farrahi Razieh
Published: September 2020

Introduction and Objective:

Communication skills are the ability to communicate effectively and efficiently with others, which plays a role in people's intellectual and psychological health; therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between communication skills and intellectual health in senior students of Paramedicine School at Kashan University of Medical Sciences.

Methods:

The present study is descriptive-analytical, which was performed cross-sectionally in 2019 on 95 senior students of the Paramedicine School of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. The census method was used in this study due to the limitations of the statistical population. The data collection tool consisted of three parts: Participants' demographic profile, Barton's standard communication skills questionnaire (1990), and intellectual health questionnaire based on the intellectual health scale of entrepreneurs' personality traits assessment questionnaire. The questionnaire was presented to the students in person. After collecting data, it was entered into SPSS 22 software and analyzed with descriptive indices (mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Pearson's correlation and t-test).

Results:

The total mean score of the communication skills in students was 59.61±5.82. There was a direct and significant relationship between verbal and listening skills (r = 0.32, p = 0.003), verbal and feedback skills (r = 0.43, p = 0.001), listening and feedback skills (r = 0.41, p = 0.001). The mean mental health of the participants in the study was 33.45±5.02 There was a positive correlation between communication skills and intellectual health in students (r = 0.2, p = .07).

Conclusion:

Communication skills affect intellectual health. Therefore, it is recommended that educational workshops on communication skills and how to communicate be held for students at the beginning and during the study, and that psychological counseling centers be set up or become more active in the university.
Comparison of a Mobile Health Electronic Visual Analog Scale App With a Traditional Paper Visual Analog Scale for Pain Evaluation: Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Turnbull Alexandra , Sculley Dean , Escalona-Marfil Carles , Riu-Gispert Lluís , Ruiz-Moreno Jorge , Gironès Xavier , Coda Andrea
Published: September 2020

Background

Accurate quantification of pain in a clinical setting is vital. The use of an electronic pain scale enables data to be collected, analyzed, and utilized much faster compared with traditional paper-based scales. The advancement of smart technology in pediatric and adult pain evaluation may offer opportunities to introduce easy-to-use and reliable pain assessment methods within different clinical settings. If promptly introduced within different pediatric and adult pain clinic services, validated and easily accessible mobile health pain apps may lead to early pain detection, promoting improvement in patient’s quality of life and leading to potentially less time off from school or work.

Objective

This cross-sectional observational study aimed to investigate the interchangeability of an electronic visual analog scale (eVAS) app with a traditional paper visual analog scale (pVAS) among Australian children, adolescents, and adults for pain evaluation.

Methods

Healthy participants (age range 10-75 years) were recruited from a sporting club and a secondary school in Melbourne (Australia). The data collection process involved application of pressure (8.5 kg/cm2) from a Wagner Force Dial FDK 20 to the midpoint of the thumb. The pressure was applied twice with a 5-minute interval. At each pressure application, participants were asked to randomly record their pain perception using the “eVAS” accessible via the “Interactive Clinics” app and the traditional pVAS. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine intermethod and intramethod reliabilities.

Results

Overall, 109 healthy participants were recruited. Adults (mean age 42.43 years, SD 14.50 years) had excellent reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.96). Children and adolescents (mean age 13.91 years, SD 2.89 years) had moderate-to-good intermethod and intramethod reliabilities, with an ICC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.70-0.87) and average ICC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.69-0.87), respectively.

Conclusions

The eVAS app appears to be interchangeable compared with the traditional pVAS among children, adolescents, and adults. This pain evaluation method may offer new opportunities to introduce user-friendly and validated pain assessment apps for patients, clinicians, and allied health professionals.
A Patient-Centered Asthma Management Communication Intervention for Rural Latino Children: Protocol for a Waiting-List Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dawson Robin M , Heiney Sue P , Messias DeAnne Hilfinger , Ownby Dennis
Published: September 2020

Background

Rural Latino children with asthma suffer high rates of uncontrolled asthma symptoms, emergency department visits, and repeat hospitalizations. This vulnerable population must negotiate micro- and macrolevel challenges that impact asthma management, including language barriers, primary care access, parental time off from work, insurance coverage, distance from specialty sites, and documentation status. There are few proven interventions that address asthma management embedded within this unique context.

Objective

Using a bio-ecological approach, we will determine the feasibility of a patient-centered collaborative program between rural Latino children with asthma and their families, school-based nursing programs, and primary care providers, facilitated by the use of a smartphone-based mobile app with a Spanish-language interface. We hypothesize that improving communication through a collaborative, patient-centered intervention will improve asthma management, empower the patient and family, decrease outcome disparities, and decrease direct and indirect costs.

Methods

The specific aims of this study include the following: (1) Aim 1: produce and validate a Spanish translation of an existing asthma management app and evaluate its usability with Latino parents of children with asthma, (2) Aim 2: develop and evaluate a triadic, patient-centered asthma intervention preliminary protocol, facilitated by the bilingual mobile app validated in Aim 1, and (3) Aim 3: investigate the feasibility of the patient-centered asthma intervention from Aim 2 using a waiting-list randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the effects of the intervention on school days missed and medication adherence.

Results

Mobile app translation, initial usability testing, and app software refinement were completed in 2019. Analysis is in progress. Preliminary protocol testing is underway; we anticipate that the waiting-list RCT, using the refined protocol developed in Aim 2, will commence in fall 2020.

Conclusions

Tailored, technology-based solutions have the potential to successfully address issues affecting asthma management, including communication barriers, accessibility issues, medication adherence, and suboptimal technological interventions.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04633018; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04633018

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/18977
Threats of Bots and Other Bad Actors to Data Quality Following Research Participant Recruitment Through Social Media: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire
Authors: Pozzar Rachel , Hammer Marilyn J , Underhill-Blazey Meghan , Wright Alexi A , Tulsky James A , Hong Fangxin , Gundersen Daniel A , Berry Donna L
Published: September 2020

Background

Recruitment of health research participants through social media is becoming more common. In the United States, 80% of adults use at least one social media platform. Social media platforms may allow researchers to reach potential participants efficiently. However, online research methods may be associated with unique threats to sample validity and data integrity. Limited research has described issues of data quality and authenticity associated with the recruitment of health research participants through social media, and sources of low-quality and fraudulent data in this context are poorly understood.

Objective

The goal of the research was to describe and explain threats to sample validity and data integrity following recruitment of health research participants through social media and summarize recommended strategies to mitigate these threats. Our experience designing and implementing a research study using social media recruitment and online data collection serves as a case study.

Methods

Using published strategies to preserve data integrity, we recruited participants to complete an online survey through the social media platforms Twitter and Facebook. Participants were to receive $15 upon survey completion. Prior to manually issuing remuneration, we reviewed completed surveys for indicators of fraudulent or low-quality data. Indicators attributable to respondent error were labeled suspicious, while those suggesting misrepresentation were labeled fraudulent. We planned to remove cases with 1 fraudulent indicator or at least 3 suspicious indicators.

Results

Within 7 hours of survey activation, we received 271 completed surveys. We classified 94.5% (256/271) of cases as fraudulent and 5.5% (15/271) as suspicious. In total, 86.7% (235/271) provided inconsistent responses to verifiable items and 16.2% (44/271) exhibited evidence of bot automation. Of the fraudulent cases, 53.9% (138/256) provided a duplicate or unusual response to one or more open-ended items and 52.0% (133/256) exhibited evidence of inattention.

Conclusions

Research findings from several disciplines suggest studies in which research participants are recruited through social media are susceptible to data quality issues. Opportunistic individuals who use virtual private servers to fraudulently complete research surveys for profit may contribute to low-quality data. Strategies to preserve data integrity following research participant recruitment through social media are limited. Development and testing of novel strategies to prevent and detect fraud is a research priority.
The relationship between fatigue and depression and anxiety symptoms among front-line clinical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Li Ye , Liang Hong , Wang Nianshi , Fan Zhixin , Xie Xili , Sun Ming , Tao Zijun , Zhang Dan , Shi Ying , He Yu , Zhang Shen , Ma Yanan
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

The initial outbreak of the COVID-19 disease occurred in Wuhan, China around the Spring Festival in 2020. In the face of such a high-intensity catastrophic epidemic response, Chinese doctors and nurses faced huge psychological pressure including fear, anxiety, and depression.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of our study is to test the association between front-line clinical workers' fatigue and depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic.

METHODS

The current study is a cross-sectional, online survey administered to 275 healthcare professionals in Wuhan from February 22, 2020 to February 29, 2020. All respondents completed a questionnaire via WeChat, which collected demographics and responses on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14).

RESULTS

A total of 275 participants completed the survey, including 46 doctors (16.73%) and 229 nurses (83.27%). Depression was significantly positively associated with physical fatigue (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.41-1.83), mental fatigue (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.60-2.45), and the total score (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.39-1.75) after adjusting for age, occupation, gender, educational background, marital status, having children, years working, job title, and supporting time in Wuhan. Signiﬁcant positive associations were also observed between the symptoms of anxiety and physical fatigue (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.44-1.87), mental fatigue (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.71-2.60), and the total score (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.42-1.71) in the adjusted model. Similar associations between fatigue, depression, and anxiety were found in the analyses stratified by gender and occupation.

CONCLUSIONS

The current study demonstrated that, among the front-line clinical workers in Wuhan, fatigue is significantly associated with depression and anxiety and mental fatigue contributes to a greater risk than physical fatigue on the mental health of clinical workers. Males and doctors were found to be more vulnerable to psychological problems such as depression and anxiety under fatigue, suggesting the need for targeted psychological interventions.
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATIC FACTORS TOWARDS RICE PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Dhamira Aura , Irham Irham
Published: September 2020

Rice production is greatly affected by climatic factors, while those factors keep changing along with time. Therefore, the effects of climate change toward rice production in Indonesia need to be studied. The objective of this study is to: (1) determine the difference of interregional climate in each region and (2) determine the impact of climatic factors on rice production in Indonesia. Just and Pope Production function was used as the analytical frameworks, and Cobb-Douglas function form was used to analyze the data. The analysis was conducted towards rice production in ten provinces in Indonesia from 1985 to 2017. The result shows that there are some differences in climatic condition in each region in Indonesia. The regression analysis shows that maximum temperature and minimum temperature have positive impacts on rice production, meanwhile, El Nino and La Nina impact negatively. The results of this study can be considered by the policy makers in making decisions related to adaptation and mitigation to encounter climate change.
Respon Penawaran Karet Alam Indonesia
Authors: Zen Zahari , Soedjono Mas , Sumodiningrat Gunawan
Published: September 2020

Respon Penawaran Karet Alam Indonesia
ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH DAN PROFITABILITAS AGROINDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA ETANOL DI KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO
Authors: Usada Hanifah Erma Ratnasari , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi
Published: September 2020

This research aims to: (1) measure thefeasibility rate of agroindustry of ethanol, (2) thefactors that affect valueadded agro-processing of sugar cane molasses into ethanol, (3) thefactors that affect the profit of ethanol agroindustry, (4) the relationship or the mutual influence between the value added to the feasibility of covering the profit, profitability, and break eventpoint (BEP). The research was conducted in Sukoharjo regency in theperiod of November 2009 until October 2010. The results of this research indicate that: (1) the average gain per unit of marketing during the period November 2009 to October 2010 amounting to Rp. 220,311,318.00. and the level of profitability (net B/C ratio) for each agro-processing of molasses into ethanol is 53.91% so it can be seen that the ethanol agroindustry is feasible to develop and deliver benefits for business owners. (2) Factors that significantly influence the value added are: the production capacity, the amount of raw materials, and the amount of fuel. (3) Factors that significantly influence the profit are: the price of sugar cane molasses as the main raw materials, auxiliary input price of caustic soda, and wage labor. (4) The existence of a positive relationship between the value added to profits and profitability, while the relationship between value-added is inverseproportional to the break evenpoint.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) kelayakan agroindustri keeil etanol, (2) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niJai tambah agroindustri pengolahan tetes tebu menjadi etanol, (3) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keuntungan usaha agroindustri keeil etanol, (4) hubungan atau pengaruh timbal balik antara nilai tambah dengan kelayakan yang meliputi keuntungan, profitabilitas, dan titik impas (BEP). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo pada periode usaha Nopember 2009 sampai dengan Oktober 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Agroindustri etanollayak untuk dikembangkan dan memberikan keuntungan bagi pemilik usahanya. Rata-rata keuntungan per usaha selama periode Nopember 2009 sampai dengan Oktober 2010 sebesar Rp. 220.311.318,00 dan tingkat profitabilitas per usaha agroindustri pengolahan tetes tebu menjadi etanol adalah 53,91%. (2) Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai tambah adalah kapasitas produksi yang dihasilkan, jumlah bahan baku, dan jumlah bahan bakar. (3) Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keuntungan adalah harga tetes tebu sebagai bahan baku utama, harga input penolong soda api, dan upah tenaga kerja. (4) Adanya hubungan positif antara nilai tambah dengan keuntungan dan profitabilitas, sementara itu hubungan antara nilai tambah berbanding terbalik terhadap titik impas.
ANALISIS FINANSIAL INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA BAKPIA DI WILAYAH KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Handayani Ismiyati , Suratiyah Ken , Masyhuri Masyhuri
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of home indutrsies bakpia (liquidity, solvency, profitability, and business feasibility) and the problems faced by the domestic industry bakpia of the city. The results indicate that the average total cost incurred by craftsmen bakpia in Yogyakarta during the year 2010 amounted to Rp 53.489.439. The average revenue earned Rp 138.384.272, the average income of Rp 84.894.833 and profit earned on average of Rp 6.624.991. Value of R/C ratio of more than 1, ie 2.587> 1, the productivity of capital is greater than the prevailing bank lending rate that is 149%> 11%. Breakeven analysis shows that the domestic industry revenues were above bakpia BEP value of Rp 138384272> Rp 28.185.652, bakpia production is above the BEP value 10 422 boxes of> 2125 boxes, and the price is above the value bakpia also BEP for Rp 13.269/boxes> Rp 5.132/boxes. Thus the domestic industry in the city of Yogyakarta bakpia profitable and worth the effort. The results of the liquidity of financial research shows that the quick ratio, current ratio and cash ratio shows bakpia domestic industry is able to immediately pay off the smooth, Solvency indicates the value of total debt to equity ratio and total debt to assets ratio is less than or equal to 100% so that companies able to pay all its debts, while the profitability of domestic industry shows bakpia able to make a profit because the value of profitability ratios is quite high.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetabui kinerja finansial (likuiditas, solvabilitas, profitibilitas dan kelayakan usaha) dan rnasalah yang dihadapi industri rumah tangga bakpia di Kota Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menoojukkan rata-rata total biaya pengrajin bakpia di Yogyakarta taboo 20I0 adalah Rp 53.489.439. Rata-rata penerimaan adalah Rp 138.384.~72, rata-rata pendapatan adalah Rp 84.894.833 sedangkan rata-rata keuntungan per orang adalah Rp 6.624.991. Rasio RfC lebih dari 1 yakni 2.587, nilai produktivitas modallebih tinggi dari suku bunga pinjarnan bank (11%) yakni 149%. Analisis BEP menunjukkan pendapatan industri domestik di atas BEP (Rp 28.185.652) yakni Rp 138 384 272, produksi bakpia di atas BEP produksi (2.125 kotak) yakni 10 422 kotak dan harga bakpia di atas harga BEP (Rp 5.132 per kernasan) yakni Rp 13.269 per kernasan. Hal ini menoojukkan bahwa industri bakpia di Kota Yogyakarta menguntungkan dan layak diusahakan. Hasil analisis finansial menoojukkan bahwa quick ratio, current ratio and cash ratio mampu ootuk membayar hutang, Solvabilitas menoojukkan bahwa rasio total hutang terhadap ekuitas dan rasio total hutang terhadap aset kurang dari atau sarna dengan 100% sehingga perusahaan rnampu memenuhi ootuk membayar seluruh hutang diman8 profitabilitas dari industri bakpia menoojukkan bahwa bakpia dapat untuk menghasilkan keuntungan karena nilai rasio profitabilitas yang tinggi.
PERMINTAAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT INDONESIA OLEH REPUBLIK RAKYAT CHINA
Authors: Rahman Resyuli , Suratiyah Ken , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi
Published: September 2020

The aims of this study was to determine the factors that affect demand for Indonesian palm oil by the People's Republic of China, which is the ratio of Indonesian palm oil prices in Malaysia, the income per capita of the China, China'spopulationandtheprice of sunfloweroil , as wellas to knowthe trendof demandfor Indonesianpalm oil by the China. This study uses secondary data which was implemented in 2008-2009. Results of research showed that the number of people significantly affected the number of Indonesian palm oil demand by the People's Republic of China. While the trend analysis results indicate that the demandfor Indonesian palm oil by the People's Republic of Chinafor the next 3 years will increase.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan minyak kelapa sawit Indonesia oleh Republik Rakyat China (RRC), yaitu rasio harga minyak kelapa sawit Indonesia dengan Malaysia, pendapatan per kapita RRC, jumlah penduduk RRC dan harga minyak bunga matahari, serta untuk mengetahui trend permintaan minyak kelapa sawit Indonesia oleh RRC. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2008 - 2009.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penduduk secara signifIkan mempengaruhi jumlah permintaan minyak kelapa sawit Indonesia oleh republik Rakyat China. Sedangkan basil analisis trend menunjukkan bahwa permintaan minyak k~lf\pa sawit Indonesia oleh Republik Rakyat China untuk 3 tahun mendatang akan meningkat.
Profitabilitas dan efisiensi usahatani jagung (Kasus di Desa Kadipaten Kecamatan Kadipaten Kabupaten Tasikmalaya)
Authors: Djoni Djoni , Yuniatun Srie
Published: September 2020

The increase in demand of corn exceeds the increase in its production in Indonesia resulting on increasing rate of annual import. It opens the opportunity for farmers to increase production either through intensification or area expansion (extensification).A research conducted in Kadipaten Village, Kecamatan Kadipaten Kabupaten Tasikmalaya aimed to find out: (1) farmer's benefit from corn farming, (2) value of domestic cost ratio of corn farming, and (3) value changes of the domestic cost ratio of corn farming resulted from the changes of input costs, fertilizer and labor wages.A survey method was used on corn farming offarmer group of Wargi Saluyu in the Kadipaten Village. 28 sample farmers are taken randomly from 187 farmers. The data were then analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) by elaborating the domestic resource cost ratio (DRCR).The results.showed that:( 1 )Corn farming carried out by farmer group of Wargi Saluyu in the Kadipaten Village, based both on market and social prices was beneficial. It was indicated with the benefit value greater than zero. The benefit from one hectare land area in one production period at the market price was Rp 682,433 or Rp 136 per kilogram and at social price was Rp 2,666,080 or Rp 532 per kilogram.(2)The domestic resource cost ratio was less than one, 0.46, it mean that one unit increase of value added needs 0.46 unit of domestic cost, and indicated that the corn farming run by the group farmer was efficient.(3)The changes of output prices, labor wages, and fertilizer cost by 15 percent showed that the corn farming had a high stability, indicated with the DRCR value remained less than one. The simultaneous decrease and increase of output prices, the increase of labor wages and fertilizer price by 15 percent suggested that the corn farming was economically efficient.
Major Issues And Challenges For Improving The Marketing And Distribution Of Agricultural Products
Authors: Nainggolan Kaman
Published: September 2020

Agribisnis masih merupakan sektor ekonomi yang peming di banyak negara mempunvai kontribusi yang hesar dalam PDB, penyerapan tenaga kerja clan penerimaan devisa ekspor.Sebagai basil globalisasi ekonomi dan liberalisasi pasar. pelt:ring pasar komoditas pertanian akan lehih hesar bagi produk yang kompetitif. twerp' menciptakan pesaing yang semakin banyak, dan semakin tinggi sfendar kualitas yang diminta. Pemasaran dan distribrai merupakan salah sant masalah kompleks. Oleh sebab itu pemerintah dan para pengusaha perlu mencari memperhaiki sistim pemasaran dan Astern di.strilm.si yang handal untuk meningkaikan daya saing.Tantangan dimasa depan yang dihadapi para pengusaha adalah : menghasilkan produk dengan kualitas super. pasar yang dinamis. .jaringern distribusi pemasaran yang handal, pengembangan produk, promosi. pa.sokan yang kontinu, perrelitian pasar, clan sistem informers! pasar. Sedangkan masalah mum dalam agrihisnis adalah: hambatan-hambatan perdagangan nnernasional, ketersediaan kredit, suku bunga yang tinggi, flukwasi nilai mkar, kebilaksanzzan perdagangan, pajak ekspor, pajak impor Kahan baku, praktek-prakiek hirokrasi, hiaya transpor yang tinggi, ketersediaan bahan-bahan baku dengan kualitas yang bark dan pasokan yang kontinu, kekurangan sarana penunjang, dan kekurangan manajer professional.Dalam kehijakaÂ» perdagangan, penghapusan terhadap semua hambatemhambatan ekspor sepern pajak ekspor untuk produk pertanian dan tarif impor yang tinggi untuk input yang digunakan bagi sektor agribisnis sangat mendesak. Pramosi perdagangan lebih pro-aktif, penyederhanaan hambatan-hambatan hirokrasi untuk masuknya investasi asing akin membantu agribisnis. Disamping itu, kebijakan elan program-program perlu ditekankan untuk menciptakan iklim usaha yang kondusif, mendorong usaha agribisnis skala kecil, memperkzrat sumberdaya dan kelembagaan peï€´zdukung di wilayah perdesaan, menyiapkan infrastruktur investasi yang diperlukan, pelayanan publik yang lebih balk, dan menyediakan pelatihan pemasaran bagi para pengusaha agribisnis.Pada perspektif mikro, upaya-upaya difokuskan kepada : a) intelijen pemasaran mengenai informasi strategis termasuir dampak perjanjian pertanian di WTO, Standar produk, bea masuk rum& produk ekspor, dan review tentang hambatan non- tarif; b) infrastruktur; c) penguatan lembaga pemasaran; d) peningkalan produktivitas; e) pengembangan kemitraan antara perusahaan besar dengan para petani; f) pengembangan sumberdaya manusia. Beberapa hal tersebut di alas harus dikerjakan oleh pemerimah, dan lainnya diserahkatt untuk dapat diiangani oleh sektor swasta
REGIONAL TRAE BLOCS : A CASE STUDY OF THE WELFARE IMPACT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON INDIA AND KENYA
Authors: Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo
Published: September 2020

Some countries, including the big player in the world economy, the USA , believe that free trade liberalization based on principles of non discriminatory and multilateral bases as well as an open market will improve the welfare of many countries. However, other countries do not follow the idea of trade liberalization and hence respond by forming regional trading blocs. Therefore, the existence of such trading blocs will be examined, whether they are a 'building blocks' or a 'stumbling blocks, for sustaining the free trade liberalization. And hence, this paper focuses on three main parts: rationalization of the establishment of trading blocs; identification of the critical factors for the success of these blocs; and presentation of empirical evidence for the welfare implications of the trade diverting effects of the European Union through the analysis of two less developed countries, India and Kenya.
POLA TANAM OPTIMAL PADA LAHAN PANTAI DI KABUPATEN KULONPROGO
Authors: Waluyati Letari Rahayu
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study is to observe the optimal crops pattern of coastal land in Kulon Progo district. Selection of the location is used purposive method at six villages within four sub-district which have coastal land such as Temon, Wates, Panjatan and Galur. Sixty farmers sampling were taken as purposive method for several plant pattern of coastal land.The result showed that most commodities are horticulture such as chili, watermelon and peanut. The general problem for planting in the coastal land are water and sea wind. They use water well pump and "renteng" well , while for wind barrier they use coconut leaves and acacia.The crops pattern of the farmer who cultivate in coastal land 0,5 - 2 ha/year and no credits, crops pattern optimal are (1) peanut - chili-watermelon; (2) watermelon- ch/i-chili and (3) "bero" - chili-watermelon. For the same land, for farmer who have KUT credits with discount rate 10,5%, crops pattern optimal are (1) peanut-chili-watermelon (2) watermelon-chili-chili. The same crops pattern optimal suggested for credit with discount rate 22%
OPTIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN SUMBERDAYA RUMAH TANGGA PETANI DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (Kasus DAS Wawar, Kabupaten Kebumen dan Purworejo, Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Hendayana Rachmat
Published: September 2020

The flood in the river basin area almost occur each years since 1980 and the inundation was affected not only the residence but also farming area (rice field and dry field). The objective of this study is to assess the optimization of household resources in the Wawar river basin area, Central Java in 1997/1998. The analysis conducted by using linear programming method. The research findings indicated: there are five patterns of farming system that results income optimization namely to cropping patern on Cisadane â€“ IR 64 rice; IR 64 rice â€“ red chili; watermelon in swam; area, and to take care chickens and fish. The outputs of those activities about 18.6 million rupiahs per year net income. For larger successful activities and farmers' optimization income in the Wawar river basin area, there are needed output price protection, capital support and technological breakthrough with managerial skill improvement of the farmer
EVALUASI INTRODUKSI KEDELAI VARIETAS BROMO DI EKCAMATAN KLEGO, KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Authors: Triastono Joko , Widodo Sri , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi
Published: September 2020

One of the technological components to attain soybean productivity increase is using a modern varieties. This research aims to evaluate the introduction of a new modern variety of soybean, such as Bromo variety, in Klego Subdistrict, Boyolali District, Central Java on first crop season 1998/1999 season. The objectives of the research were to know the effect of the introduction Bromo variety of soybean on soybean productivity, profit and employment, as well as to know the production efficiency.This research used a cross-sectional data of 50 sample farmers consisted of 25 Bromo variety farmers and 25 Local variety farmers. To know the effect of Bromo variety introduction on productivity, profit and employment, it was used regression analysis with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. To test the production efficiency of inputs use was used allocative efficiency test.The results showed that Bromo variety introduction were able to increase productivity 501.71 kg/ha, to increase profit Rp 1,852,370/ha and to increase employment 14.25 mandays/ha. The allocative efficiency test showed that the farmers of Bromo variety and the farmers of Local variety hadn't allocated their inputs efficiently yet. To increase the soybean production, Bromo variety can be recommended
DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Barokah Umi , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to study the contribution of off-farm to income household and the effect of off-farm to income distribution between farm household. The location is choosen purposively based on the number of people as farmers, numbers and kind of industries and acessibility to reach economic centre. This research used multi stage sampling, the first was by cluster sampling, where all farm household from two village in Ngringo (kecamatan Jaten) and Tunggulrejo (kecamatan Jumantono) interviewed. And second stratified sampling based on farm size.The result showed that off-farm income (56,26 %) is greater than farm income (43,74 %). Off-farm income of small farmers (71,42 %) is greater than large farmers (45,18 %). Off-farm employment increased household income and the inequality of income tend to reduce. But off-farm employment is mainly for large farmers and close to the industrial area. In contrast, off-farm income increase inequality for small farmers in area far from industrial area
PENGINTEGRASIAN KELOMPOK TANI DI DALAM PENINGKATAN KWANTITAS DAN KWALITAS KENAGGOTAAN BUUD/KUD
Authors: Hadisapoetro Soedarsono
Published: September 2020

PendahuluanSudah sejak semula difikirkan, agar pembinaan BUUD/KUD dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahap yaitu tahap rehabilitasi, tahap konsolidasi dan tahap pengembangan.Di dalam tahap rehabilitasi maka pembinaan diarahkan agar BUUD/KUD mampu melaksanakan kegiatan-kegiatan ekonomi secara nyata, yang dirasakan bermanfaat oleh masyarakat.Jika eksistensi BUUD/KUD telah diakui oleh masyarakat maka seharusnya pembinaan diarahkan untuk menjadikan BUUD/KUD suatu organisasi clan rakyat, oleh rakyat dan untuk rakyat. ( Tahap Konsolidasi)Terdorong oleh keinginan Pemerintah untuk memanfaatkan koperasi sebagai alat untuk memperatakan basil basil pembangunan maka justru tahap konsolidasi ini diabaikan, dan pembinaan diloncatkan dari tahap rehabilitasi terus ke dalam tahap pengembangan, di mama tugas-tugas tanpa dikonsuttasikan terlebih dahulu organisasinya, togas-tugas BUUD/ KUD di dalam rnembantu melaksanakan program-program pembangunan selalu ditambah dan diperberat.Itulah sebabnya BUUD/KUD kerapkali dianggap sebagai aparatur Pemerintah dan bekerja untuk kepentingan Pemerintah, sedangkan partisipasi masyarakat dan pengawasan masyarakat masih sangat terbatas yang selanjutnya menimbulkan kekecewaan - kekecewaan dan mendorong terjadinya penyelewengan-penyelewengan.Berhubung dengan itu maka tahap konsolidasi perlu ditangani secara lebih serius berdasarkan konsepsi yang Iebih mantap.Dalam hubungan ini, maka peningkatan kwantitas dan kwalitas keanggotaan BUUD/KUD merupakan sale] satu langkah yang sangat panting
POKO-POKOK SEGI ADMINISTRASI DAN PENGELOLAAN SUATU ORGANISASI PENGAIRANQ
Authors: Prodjosuharjo Mudjijo
Published: September 2020

PendahuluanOrganisasi adalah suatu kelompok kerja-sama yang dibentuk oleh sekelompok orang yang mempunyai satu tujuan, satu kondisi dan satu kepentingan serta dipimpin di antara mereka sendiri. Dari pengertian di atas menunjuldran kepada kita, bahwa organisasi itu harus timbul dari kepentingan-kepentingan perorangan, yang kemudian atas dasar kepentingan ini orang menyusun kelompok-kelompok dari bawah ke atas (botto up); dimaksudkan adalah bahwa organisasi dibentuk oleh orang dengan satu tujuan dan satu kepentingan ini, biasanya pirnpinan yang mengemudikan organisasi ini ditangani oleh beberapa orang dari kelompok orang-orang ini, yang diangkat sebagai pengurus kelompok yang bergerak dari kepentingan perorangan menjadi kepentingan bersama dalam kelompok.Pengairan di sini dimaksudkan adalah suatu sistem pengadaan, penyaluran dan pembagian air untuk kepentingan pertanian, atau usaha tani oleh petani-petani (kOperasi pengairan).Jadi kalau begitu koperasilorganisasi pengairan ini adalah bentuk organisasi petani pengusaha tani yang mempunyai satu kepentingan dan satu tujuan terhadap air pengairan ini, agar air dapat dimanfaatkan bersama, diatur bersama, dipelihara bersarna atau dilola bersama untuk satu kepentingan bersama yaitu berusaha tani.Oleh karena organisasi ini hams dilola pula sesuai dengan kepentingrin bersama sejak menyusun suatu rencana pembuatan, perna.nfaatan, pemeliharaan, pembeayaan dan pengawasannya
TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY AND FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION = PRODUKTIVITAS FAKTOR PRODUKSI TOTAL DAN FUNGSI PERODUKSI FRONTIER
Authors: Widodo Sri
Published: September 2020

The total factor productivity became an interesting concept in the measurement of productivity growth. Productivity is a ratio of output to input. The most common measurement of productivity is single factor productivity or partial productivity such as of land, labor, or capital.A total (factor) productivity is a productivity of all factors of production where the factors are aggregated. In cross-sectional studies this total productivity is a ratio of actual to potential output where the potential output is estimated from ther frontier production function. One of the methods to estimate this frontier function is by using linear programming technique.The total productivity does not always coincide with a single factor productivity of land (yield), that in the study area the larger farms tend to have higher total productivity than yield
TINGKAT PENDAPATAN DALAM HUBUNGAN DENGAN DISTRIBUSINYA DIANTARA RUMAHTANGGA PEDESAAN
Authors: Nurmanaf A. Rozana
Published: September 2020

Level of income is usually used as the indicator of economic development successful. But, increasing in income is not always followed by the improvement of its distribution. The purpose of this paper is to examine interrelationship between level of income and skewed level of its distribution among households. By using data Patanas ( National Panel of Farmer Study) done by Puslitbang Sosek Pertanian 2004, relationship analysis has been done between income per head and Gini Coefficient as the measurement of skewed level of income distribution. The result show a complete stage of economic development, these are first stage and next stage. In the first stage, income and welfare society distribution tend to skewer together with increasing level of income and economic development successful. Modern sector of economy with just a few actors contributes larger income to society. Whie, traditional sector of economy contributes ust small income yet a lot of actors involve. In the next stage , development successful increase income level and society welfare skewed level. The improvement of traditional sector contributes larger income than modern sector that also improves especially in the number of its actors.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN KOPERASI UNIT DESA DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Siregar Abi Pratiwa , Jamhari Jamhari
Published: September 2020

This research aims to (1) determine the financial performance of village unit cooperative/Koperausi Unit Desa (KUD) in Yogyakarta Special Region (2) determine the affecting factors of profit/selisih hasil usaha (SHU) (3) determine the institutional performance of village unit cooperative in Yogyakarta Special Region. The basic method used for this stufy is descriptive snalysis. The data used are the primary and secondary data. Data primary obtained through the interview whiledata secondary obtained through KUD’s annual report from 2011 untul 2012/ sampling method is purposive sampling, based on the highest profit value in each KUD in regency or city inYogyakarta Special region in 2012, any KUD in each regency or city taken 4 people respondents, 3 people of board organizer, and 1 inspector of each KUD. Method of analysis used financial rationanalysis to determine financial performance of village unit cooperation in Yogyakarta Special Region, multiple regression analysis to determine the affecting factors of profit and analysis efforts to determine tye institutional performance of village unit cooperative in Yogyakarta Special Region. The result showed that financial performance of village unit cooperative in Yogyakarta Special Region still low. The significant factors for affecting profit are business volume, dummy USP, dummy RMU, dummy electricity, and the number of members own capital, outside capital, total assets, dummy waserda, anda dummy saprotan are not significant factor for affecting profit. KUD in Yogyakarta  Special Region having well-institution performance.
DINAMIKA PERDAGANGAN BERAS VIETNAM
Authors: Nugroho Agus Dwi , Jamhari Jamhari , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo
Published: September 2020

The aims of this study is to analyze the performance of export-import, competitiveness and the factors affecting export-import of Vietnam rice. Type of data used is secondary data of 1980-2009. To determine the fluctuation of export-import trade were applied trend and trade specialization ratio. To find out the analysis of competitiveness were run revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and acceleration ratio (AR). To investigate the factors affecting the export and import used error correction model (ECM). Vietnam export trend showed an increase and imports trend showed a decline and in the maturity stage. Vietnam has high competitiveness but the exports acceleration is low. Vietnam’s export affected by per capita rice availability and the exchange rate while imports of Vietnam affected by the production, world rice prices and real national income.