bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The RADMED monitoring programme as a tool for MSFD implementation: towards an ecosystem-based approach
Authors: López-Jurado J. L. , Balbín R. , Alemany F. , Amengual B. , Aparicio-González A. , Fernández de Puelles M. L. , García-Martínez M. C. , Gazá M. , Jansá J. , Morillas-Kieffer A. , Moyá F. , Santiago R. , Serra M. , Vargas-Yáñez M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. In the western Mediterranean Sea, the RADMED monitoring programme is already conducting several of the evaluations required under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MFSD) along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. The different aspects of the ecosystem that are regularly sampled under this monitoring programme are the physical environment and the chemical and biological variables of the water column, together with the planktonic communities, biomass and structure. Moreover, determinations of some anthropogenic stressors on the marine environment, such as contaminants and microplastics, are under development. Data are managed and stored at the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) Data Centre that works under the SeaDataNet infrastructure, and are also stored in the IBAMar database. In combination with remote sensing data, they are used to address open questions on the ecosystems in the western Mediterranean Sea.
From Doktor Kurowski's Schneegrenze to our modern glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA)
Authors: Braithwaite R. J.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Translated into modern terminology, Kurowski suggested in 1891 that the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of a glacier is equal to the mean altitude of the glacier when the whole glacier is in balance between accumulation and ablation. Kurowski's method has been widely misunderstood, partly due to inappropriate use of statistical terminology by later workers, and has only been tested by Braithwaite and Müller in a 1980 paper (for 32 glaciers). I now compare Kurowski's mean altitude with balanced-budget ELA calculated for 103 present-day glaciers with measured surface mass-balance data. Kurowski's mean altitude is significantly higher (at 95 % level) than balanced-budget ELA for 19 outlet and 42 valley glaciers, but not significantly higher for 34 mountain glaciers. The error in Kurowski mean altitude as a predictor of balanced-budget ELA might be due to generally lower balance gradients in accumulation areas compared with ablation areas for many glaciers, as suggested by several workers, but some glaciers have higher gradients, presumably due to precipitation increase with altitude. The relatively close agreement between balanced-budget ELA and mean altitude for mountain glaciers (mean error – 8 m with standard deviation 59 m) may reflect smaller altitude ranges for these glaciers such that there is less room for effects of different balance gradients to manifest themselves.
Weighting criteria of aesthetic attractiveness of layouts of business process diagrams
Authors: Žilinskas Antanas , Mackutė-Varoneckienė Aušra , Varoneckas Audrius
Published: November 2015

The business process diagrams are widely used in business process management. The aesthetic attractiveness of the drawing of a business process diagram is especially important since the aesthetic lay- outs are also most informative and practical. We focus on the drawing of lines representing sequence flows assuming the locations of flow objects fixed. This problem is a special case of routing problem where stochastic optimization methods are among the most appropriate. To state the problem as a problem of multi-objective optimization taking into account the attitude of potential users towards the criteria of aesthetics, the assessment of importance (weighting) of the criteria is needed. In the present paper, the most important criteria are assessed using the results of a psychological experiment which are processed by the weighting method used in the Analytic Hierarchy Process.
The Impact of Implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning System on Organizational Performance Using Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Shannak Rifat O.
Published: November 2015

ALPHA Company is an exclusive shopping community in the Middle East covering 8 countries (The GCC Region, Lebanon & Jordan) and provides exclusive access to time limited sales of different brands at discounts reaching 50-85% off retail price to its 3 million members and one million Facebook fans. The company has distinguished itself by offering an amazing collection of new brands and latest fashions at privileged prices and acceptable lead time.

This research was conducted to appraise the organizational performance before and after implementing the ERP system using the Balanced Scorecard as a performance tool measurement.

The company was facing many problems in the value chain including primary and support activities. It was suffering from inefficiencies within the internal operations (Logistics and Shipping, sourcing, procurement and warehousing), in addition to a lot of difficulties in managing its financial transactions.

Based on the results of this research, it was concluded that after implementing the ERP system, the company became more efficient and effective in the value chain activities. In addition, its performance was enhanced and most of the problems were resolved successfully which led to better customer satisfaction and better reputation in the market.
Alternative Fuel Infrastructure and Customer Location Impacts on Fleet Mix and Vehicle Routing
Authors: In Joonhwan , Bell John E.
Published: November 2015

An increase in the use of conventional vehicles in combination with alternative fuel vehicles requires trucking carriers to make a decision on when to use a mixed fleet. The purpose of this article is to investigate how alternative fuel infrastructure and patterns of customer locations influence fleet compositions when minimizing routing costs. The variable-route vehicle refueling problem (VRVRP) for the mixed fleet is formulated as a mixed-integer programming model and solved with an optimization method. A logistic regression is then employed to assess the impacts of both the density of the alternative fuel infrastructure and the patterns of customer locations on the optimal fleet composition. Experimental results reveal that the right fleet mix decision is impacted by customer location patterns and available fuel infrastructure. While alternative fuel trucks were favored over conventional trucks with a dense alternative fuel infrastructure, the likelihood of mixed fleet use varied across different patterns of customer demand locations. Further, our analysis suggests that shippers and trucking carriers should understand the relative benefits and constraints of different geographical dispersions of customers and densities of alternative fuel infrastructures when designing optimal delivery strategies.
Implementing Off-peak Deliveries in the Greater Toronto Area: Costs, Benefits, Challenges
Authors: McPhee Jessica , Paunonen Ari , Ramji Taufiq , Bookbinder James H.
Published: November 2015

Nestle Canada currently uses 32 routes that serve over 4,500 customers in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). This study aims to quantify Nestlé's costs and benefits of modifying their ice cream supply chain to incorporate night-time deliveries, while providing a framework for the regulatory, conceptual, and inertial obstacles to implementation. Employing Nestlé's customer data set, we created routing software to determine the proportion of customers who must be willing to accept deliveries outside of normal working hours so that the change would be financially feasible. Based upon a literature review we found that, before proceeding, the following qualitative factors should be considered: safety, sustainability, regulatory concerns, truck noise, traffic, and congestion. Reduction of 3–10 percent in the number of routes may result from switching a suitable proportion of deliveries to night-time, achieving the minimum fleet size when 50–60 percent of locations are served on night routes. The operation of both night-time and daytime deliveries would enable an increase in truck utilization, thus decreasing the number of vehicles required. Recommendations for success of night-time deliveries include preparation of a safety plan, procurement of plate trucks, noise-abatement techniques, and the development of a noise-monitoring program.
Inland Intermodal Terminals Location Criteria Evaluation: The Case of Croatia
Authors: Roso Violeta , Brnjac Nikolina , Abramovic Borna
Published: November 2015

Determining a suitable location for an intermodal terminal is a critical element of the terminal establishment process, a decision on which the functionality of the entire intermodal freight distribution chain depends. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the criteria used for deciding on suitable locations for intermodal terminals in Croatia. First, quality indicators of intermodal terminals were identified: flexibility, safety and security, reliability, time, and accessibility. Based on these quality indicators, and in compliance with the European traffic policy and efficient functioning of intermodal transport, location criteria were formed and evaluated: legislative, environmental, goods flows, spatial, technical-technological, and organizational. Each criterion is divided further into subcriteria and evaluated using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. The results of the study show that the criterion of goods flows has the most significant impact on the selection of the terminal location, followed by the spatial criterion. A position that connects to the European traffic corridor network is essential for a Croatian terminal's success.
Rendimento e rentabilidade das culturas da soja, milho e feijão cultivados sob condições de sequeiro
Authors: Vivan Gisele Aparecida , Robaina Adroaldo Dias , Peiter Marcia Xavier , Parizi Ana Rita Costenaro , Barboza Fabrício Da Silva , Soares Fátima Cibele
Published: November 2015

 

O clima, em especial a disponibilidade hídrica, apresenta-se como fator limitante à obtenção de rendimentos próximos ao potencial produtivo das culturas, constituindo-se na maior causa de variabilidade interanual na produção de grãos e na renda nas diversas regiões do Brasil. Neste contexto, o presente estudo objetiva identificar e caracterizar o efeito da restrição hídrica sobre o rendimento de grãos das culturas da soja, milho e feijão e sobre os custos, a renda bruta e lucro destas, na região de Santiago, RS. Para tanto, foi utilizado o sistema DSSat calibrado e validado para as condições e culturas em estudo, sendo utilizado o período histórico 1961-2010 para geração dos dados de produção referentes a cada safra. Os dados obtidos foram adimensionalizados tomando como base a produção potencial de cada cultura, sendo elaborado histograma de frequência para avaliação do risco de quebra de produção referente a cada safra. Posteriormente foram utilizadas séries de dados históricos de custos e preços de venda das culturas em estudo do mesmo período para realização de análise econômica simplificada. Em termos de produção, o feijão, o milho e a soja em 65%, 50% e 41% dos anos, respectivamente, obtiveram produções abaixo de 50% do potencial destas culturas. Em termos econômicos, o maior custo; renda bruta e lucro médio estão associado a cultura do milho, seguidos pela cultura do feijão e da soja, respectivamente. As três culturas, soja, milho, feijão, apresentaram significativas reduções de produção e consequentemente de lucro em função da restrição hídrica.
Espaçamento reduzido e plantio cruzado associados a diferentes densidades de plantas em soja
Authors: Balbinot Junior Alvadi Antonio , Procópio Sergio De Oliveira , Costa Joaquim Mariano , Kosinski Cristiano Luiz , Panison Fernando , Debiasi Henrique , Franchini Julio Cezar
Published: November 2015

O arranjo espacial de plantas de soja afeta a competição intraespecífica por luz, água e nutrientes, podendo alterar a produção de fitomassa, a incidência de pragas, doenças e plantas daninhas, o acamamento de plantas e o rendimento de grãos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico da soja em função do espaçamento entre as fileiras e plantio cruzado, sob diferentes densidades de plantas. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em Campo Mourão, PR, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos completos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x3x2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram formados pela combinação de três espaçamentos entre as fileiras (0,30; 0,45 e 0,60 m), três densidades de plantas (300.000, 450.000 e 600.000 plantas ha-1) e duas disposições das fileiras (plantio cruzado e não cruzado). Para todas as variáveis, não houve interação dos fatores. O espaçamento de 0,45 m entre as fileiras proporcionou maior rendimento de grãos em relação aos espaçamentos de 0,30 e 0,60 m. A densidade de 300 mil plantas ha-1 proporcionou maior rendimento de grãos de soja em relação às densidades mais altas em semeadura mais tardia. O plantio cruzado não aumentou o desempenho produtivo na cultura da soja.
Crescimento e rendimento do milho sob interferência da tiririca
Authors: Silva Daniel Valadão , Freitas Marco Antonio Moreira de , Silva Gustavo Soares da , Souza Matheus De Freitas , Silva Antonio Alberto da , Ferreira Lino Roberto , Sediyama Tocio , Cecon Paulo Roberto
Published: November 2015

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a interferência da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus) sobre o crescimento e rendimento de grãos da cultura do milho. O experimento de campo foi realizado sob o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos do convívio do milho com nove densidades de tiririca (0, 10, 30, 50, 90, 110, 130, 160 e 260 manifestações epígeas m-2). No florescimento da cultura fez-se a medição da altura das plantas, da inserção das espigas e a massa seca total das plantas de milho. Por ocasião da colheita foram determinados a massa de espigas, o rendimento de grãos e a massa de 100 grãos. O incremento da densidade de tiririca aumentou a altura de plantas e de inserção da primeira espiga do milho. Observou-se também redução no acúmulo de massa seca total, na massa de espigas e de 100 grãos e na produtividade do milho em todas as densidades avaliadas. A interferência da tiririca reduz o crescimento do milho com consequências diretas na produtividade de grãos da cultura.
Isolamento, caracterização e identificação de leveduras killer de caldo de cana de açúcar
Authors: Martins Suzana Cláudia Silveira , Vaz Fernanda Leitão , Martins Claudia Miranda
Published: November 2015

 

Ethanol produced by the fermentation of sugarcane juice has emerged as an important renewable fuel. The yield of this fermentation is affected by undesirable microbial contaminants, but killer yeasts can be a promising strategy to reduce this problem. The present study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify wild killer yeasts from sugarcane juice. Samples were inoculated in culture medium containing chloramphenicol, and 140 colonies with different characteristics were selected. These isolates were submitted to the killer phenotype assay, and the positive killers were characterized and identified according to the standard methods. Only two strains showed killer activity, identified as Pichia anomala CE025 and P. membranaefaciens CE088. At 25°C, both strains exhibited killer activity at pH 4.0, 4.3, and 4.5, but this activity was not detected at pH 3.0, 3.5, 5.0, and 6.0. The killer phenotype of P. membranaefaciens CE088 was inhibited above 30°C, while for P. anomala, CE025 inhibition occurred only at a higher temperature. Both strains were able to grow in 12% ethanol, and P. anomala CE025 was more tolerant than P. membranaefaciens CE 088. Further studies will be conducted to isolate, purify and identify the killer toxins produced by Pichia anomala and Pichia membranaefaciens species.

 
Diagnóstico molecular do granuloma lepróide canino, a partir de cortes histológicos emblocados em parafina, pela técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerase (Pcr) – estudo retrospectivo (2002-2009)
Authors: Maruyama Simoni , Brandão Paulo Eduardo , Castro Alessandra Marnie Martins Gomes de , Michalany Nilceo Schwery , Fyfe Janet , Malik Richard , Larsson Carlos Eduardo
Published: November 2015

O Granuloma lepróide canino (GLC) ou “lepra canina” consiste em micobacteriose, com quadro dermatopático que conta com aspectos ainda obscuros, principalmente quanto ao seu modo de transmissão e agente etiológico envolvido. Com a finalidade de se verificar a caracterização gênica da micobactéria em questão, procedeu-se estudo a partir de cortes histológicos, de animais com diagnóstico estabelecido da enfermidade. A amostragem foi composta de 13 cães, atendidos no Serviço de Dermatologia do HOVET/USP. Tal material foi posteriormente submetido às técnicas de reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR), “nested” e em tempo real. O método da PCR “nested” confirmou a presença do agente em apenas 18,7% dos animais. Enquanto que, em 69,2% das amostras, o DNA da micobactéria envolvida foi detectado pela PCR em tempo real, demonstrando ser neste estudo, o método de maior sensibilidade. Pôde-se concluir ainda que a espécie de micobactéria causadora do Granuloma lepróide canino nos cães brasileiros possui homologia gênica de 100%, quando comparada às amostras provindas de animais de estudos estrangeiros.
Avaliação da concentração expirada de isoflurano em infusão continua de remifentanil em cadelas submetidas a mastectomia
Authors: Beier Suzane Lilian , Rosa Ademir Cassiano da , Mattoso Cláudio Roberto Scabelo , Moraes Aury Nunes de , Oleskovicz Nilson , Klein Adriana Vieira , Dallabrida Ademar Luiz
Published: November 2015

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of two constant rate infusions of remifentanil on end tidal isoflurane (ETiso) in dogs undergoing mastectomy surgery. Eighteen bitches, 12+2 years of age, weighing 15+5 Kg were randomized into 3 groups (n=6/group) and underwent unilateral mastectomy due to mammary neoplasia. All animals received the premedications of morphine (0.5 mg Kg-1) and acepromazine (0.03 mg Kg-1) by intramuscular route (IM). Propofol dose-effect was used for induction of anesthesia. The animals were intubated and connected to a circle breathing system, and IPPV (intermittent positive pressure ventilation) was used to maintain normocapnia with an oxygen flow rate of 2 L/min and FiO2 100%. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and saline solution (control group [GCON], n=6) or intravenous infusion of remifentanil at a rate of 0.15 ?g Kg-1min-1 (REMI 0.15 n=6) or 0.3 ?g Kg-1min-1 (REMI 0.3 n=6). Cardiopulmonary variables and ETiso were monitored before and every 15 minutes after the start of surgery. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with multiple repetitions between moments and ANOVA followed by the Student Newman Keuls test (p£0.05) for comparisons between groups. Heart rate was lower at all moments in the REMI 0.15 and REMI 0.3 groups than in the GCON, and heart rate was not significantly different between the two remifentanil infusion groups. Additionally, the arterial blood pressure values (SAP, MAP and DAP) were not different between all groups. Baseline values (before surgery) of ETiso were not different between the 3 groups. After the start of surgery, ETiso ranged from 1.37±0.3 to 1.05±0.19 in the control group; in the REMI 0.15 and REMI 0.3 groups, ETiso was 36.5% and 65.7% lower than in the control group (M15). Remifentanil infusion reduced ETiso in a dose-dependent manner in animals undergoing radical mastectomy without causing significant cardiopulmonary alterations.
Diagnóstico da brucelose bovina em reprodutores através da soroaglutinação e sêmen plasma aglutinação
Authors: Junqueira Junior Danilo Guedes , Lima Anna Monteiro Correia , Moraes Gilson Passos
Published: November 2015

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with common agent is Brucella abortus in bovine specie. The disease in bulls is usually asymptomatic and could have absence of anti-B. abortus antibody in serum. It was investigated of the occurrence of bovine brucellosis in bulls, which involved testing blood serum and seminal plasma from 177 bulls used for natural mating or as semen donors. Blood was collected from all the animals by venipuncture of the jugular vein to obtain the serum samples, while seminal plasma was obtained from the animals by electroejaculation. Samples were tested in a screening test (rose Bengal test). In the second stage, the samples testing positive in the RBT were subjected to the confirmatory test (2-mercaptoethanol). None of the animals tested positive when blood serum was used. However, 5.06% of the bulls were considered reagent positive when seminal plasma was tested. It also sought to determine whether there was an association between the kind of production and the destination of animals with positive results. The calculated odds ratio indicated that bulls of the kind of production dairy/both (beef and dairy) had a higher risk of brucellosis infection. It is recommended that seminal plasma agglutination and seroagglutination techniques are applied concomitantly.
Relationship between the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and erythrocyte values in anemic and non-anemic cats
Authors: Silva Paulo Henrique da , Laposy Cecília Braga , Giuffrida Rogério , Chaves Marina Platzeck , Freitas Maickon Willian de
Published: November 2015

Erythrocyte alterations require making decisions, guiding clinical conduct, determining prognoses, and choosing therapy options for diseases. Automated devices that can perform blood cell counts allow for calculation of amplitude distribution of erythrocytes red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and its fractions (RDW-CV and RDW-SD). It also evaluates quantitatively the heterogeneity of each erythrocyte, especially in the feline species where presence of anisocytosis is common, even under normal conditions. Contrary to human medicine where there has been universal acceptance of RDW, there are only a handful of veterinarians and laboratories that currently use this parameter as a diagnostic tool for differential laboratory diagnosis of anemia in veterinary medicine, possibly owing to unfamiliarity with the application. Faced with limited availability of information in scientific literature regarding RDW values for the domestic cat, this study aimed to associate RDW values with erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in 407 adult cats of no defined pedigree (n = 218 males and n = 189 females; 335 non-anemic and 72 anemic). In the present study, RDW-SD values in anemic cats were 20.4% above those considered normal, while RDW-CV values were 25.2% higher than those considered normal for the species. We concluded that interpretation of RDW values is an important tool for evaluating heterogeneity of erythrocytes with regard to anemia. Even in non-anemic animals, increased levels of RDW may suggest early erythrocyte alterations.
Ocorrência de patógenos causadores de mastite subclínica no município de Jaguapitã, estado do Paraná - Brasil
Authors: Soethe Edivaldo Maziero , Affonso Mauricio Zampronio , Chaves Neto Antonio Francisco , Negri Filho Luiz Carlos , Bronkhorst Dalton Evert , Bogado Alexey Leon Gomel , Silva Luiz Cesar da , Barca Junior Flavio Antonio , Santana Elsa Helena Walter , Santos Marcelo Diniz dos , Okano Werner
Published: November 2015

The aim of this research was to identify the occurrence of pathogens causing subclinical mastitis in grade B milk farms of the Jaguapitã county, state of Paraná, Brazil. California Mastitis Test (CMT) were carried out in 400 milk samples from 100 animals and 157 teats from 55 animals (55%) were positive, showed score two or higher to CMT. When these 157 positive samples to CMT were transported for bacterial culture in blood agar, 25.48% (40/157) samples showed no bacterial growth or more than two types of bacterial colonies grew, 28.03% (44/157) were Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), 8.28% (13/157) were Streptococcus uberis, 7.64% (12/157) were Staphylococcus aureus, 7.64% (12/157) were Corynebacterium spp, 7.01% (11/157) were Staphylococcus intermedius, 4.46% (7/157) were Staphylococcus hyicus, 3.82% (6/157) were Bacillus spp., 2.55% (4/157) were Streptococcus dysgalacteae, Enterobacteria and Yeasts. We conclude that CNS is the most relevant subclinical mastitis causative agent.

 
Melanoma maligno em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) albinos
Authors: Damé Maria Cecília Florisbal , Marcolongo-Pereira Clairton , Fiss Letícia , Adrién Maria de Lourdes , Schild Ana Lucia
Published: November 2015

Two albino water buffalo affected by multiple melanocytic tumors in Southern Brazil are described. Grossly, there were multiple dark tumors within the skin, skeletal muscle, lungs, and lymph nodes. The tumor was also present in the pericardial sac, renal capsule, mediastinum and pleura. Microscopically, the tumors consisted of polyhedral epithelioid cells arranged in solid nests or interwoven fascicles supported by a thin and sparse collagenous stroma. The cytoplasm was eosinophilic and sometimes contained varying amounts of melanin pigment. The mitotic rates were low. Immunohistochemistry staining with Tyrosinase, Melan-A, Vimentin, S-100 protein, and neurofilament were positive. It is possible that the polymorphisms related to pigmentation in albino buffalo contributed with a high risk of developing melanoma as suggested in humans.
Correlação entre o consumo e a deposição de ácidos graxos em bovinos suplementados com glicerina de baixa pureza em pastagens
Authors: Strada Evani Souza de Oliveira , Silva Robério Rodrigues , Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto de , Barbosa Larissa Pires , Araújo Fabiana Lana de , Pinheiro Alexandre Moraes , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da , Oliveira Kaliane Nascimento dw , Eiras Carlos Emanuel
Published: November 2015

Objetivou-se determinar a correlação linear existente entre os ácidos graxos consumidos e depositados no músculo Longissimus dorsi de 35 bovinos machos não castrados, mestiços, com predominância da raça Nelore, com peso inicial médio de 428,0 ± 32,11 kg, terminados em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco dietas e sete animais por dieta durante 74 dias. As dietas consistiram de níveis de inclusão da glicerina (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12%) na matéria seca (MS). Os animais foram pesados a cada 28 dias para avaliação do ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) e ajuste das dietas. Amostras do capim Brachiaria decumbens, dos suplementos, assim como do músculo Longissimus dorsi foram analisadas para avaliação do perfil de ácidos graxos. A correlação foi realizada estimando-se os coeficientes de correlação linear de Pearson. Os resultados encontrados demonstram a existência de correlações entre os ácidos graxos consumidos com aqueles depositados no músculo dos animais. As correlações observadas modificaram o perfil dos ácidos graxos da carne com redução da concentração dos ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e aumento da concentração dos ácidos graxos da série ? – 6, assim como da razão entre os ácidos graxos da série ? - 6 e ? - 3. Não foram verificadas correlações com os ácidos graxos hipercolesterêmicos (láurico, miristico e palmítico) do músculo dos bovinos suplementados com glicerina de baixa pureza.
Níveis de farelo de algodão de alta energia em suplementos múltiplos para bovinos em pastejo: desempenho e avaliação econômica
Authors: Zervoudakis Joanis Tilemahos , Zanin Rafaela , Pesqueira-Silva Lilian Chambó Rondena , Hatamoto-Zervoudakis Luciana Keiko , Cabral Luciano Da Silva , Benatti João Marcos Beltrame , Silva-Marques Renata Pereira da
Published: November 2015

O objetivo foi avaliar a substituição dos níveis de proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína do farelo de algodão (FA) de alta energia em suplementos múltiplos para bovinos de corte em pastejo no período seco do ano sobre o ganho médio diário (GMD) e viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizados 20 novilhos Nelores com peso médio inicial de 351,25±35,38 kg e idade média de 24±0,8 meses, distribuídos em quatro piquetes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu com 1,6 ha cada em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro suplementos e cinco animais para avaliar os seguintes suplementos: 0FA, 25FA e 50FA correspondentes ao nível de 0, 25 e 50% de farelo de algodão de alta energia em substituição ao farelo de soja, fornecidos na quantidade de 2 kg/animal/dia, além do suplemento exclusivo com mistura mineral ad libitum (MM). Verificou-se maior ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) (P<0,0001) para animais recebendo suplementação concentrada (0,62 kg/animal/dia) em comparação aqueles do grupo controle (-0,020 kg/animal/dia). O suplemento 25FA proporcionou maior (P<0,0001) GMD (0,75kg/ animal/dia-1) em relação ao suplemento 50FA (0,60kg/animal/dia-1). O GMD dos animais suplementados com 0FA (0,53kg/animal/dia-1) não diferiu (P>0,0001) do GMD dos novilhos que receberam suplemento com 25FA (0,75kg/animal/dia-1) e com 50FA (0,60kg/animal/dia-1). O suplemento 25FA apresentou maior retorno econômico sobre o capital investido no período. A utilização de farelo de algodão de alta energia em nível de substituição de 25% do farelo de soja em suplementos múltiplos proporcionou maior ganho de peso de bovinos e melhor viabilidade econômica.
Ruminal parameters and nitrogen balance in sheep fed diets containing residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp
Authors: Geron Luiz Juliano Valério , Garcia Jocilaine , Costa Fabiana Gomes , Aguiar Sílvia Cristina de , Oliveira Edimar Barbosa , Silva Maria Isabel Leite da , Cabral Luciano Da Silva , Pierangeli Maria Aparecida Pereira , Zeoula Lúcia Maria , Mexia Alexandre Agostinho
Published: November 2015

This study measured the ruminal parameters, feed intake, fecal and urinary N production, and N balance (NB) in sheep fed increasing levels of residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP) on a 0.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, and 15.0% dry matter (DM) basis. Four mixed-breed male sheep weighing 40.38 ± 2.10 kg of body weight were distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The animals were allocated to metabolism cages and fed twice a day. Each experimental period lasted 20 days. The pH and concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in ruminal fluid were measured. Nitrogen intake (NI), fecal N (FN), urinary N (UN), absorbed N (AN), and NB were expressed in g·day-1, percentage of consumed nitrogen (CN), and g·kg-1 of metabolic weight (g·(kg0.75)-1. Statistical analysis of these variables was performed by evaluating the variance and regression at 5% probability. The levels of RETP did not alter (p>0.05) the pH level or NH3-N concentration in the rumen fluid, but a quadratic behavior for the same values after feeding (p<0.05) was observed. The inclusion of RETP in the diet did not change (p>0.05) NI, UN, the AN in g·day-1 and g·(kg0.75)-1, NB in g·day-1 and g·(kg0.75)-1, or the percentage of CN. However, the AN as a percentage of CN showed a linear effect (p<0.05) with the inclusion of RETP in experimental diets. For FN in g·day-1 and g·(kg0.75) -1, no difference was observed (p>0.05) with the inclusion of RETP, but for FN expressed as a percentage of CN, a linear increase (p<0.05) was observed with the inclusion of RETP. Thus, we concluded that diets with up to 15.0% RETP do not alter the pH and NH3-N in ruminal fluid, NI, UN, or NB. In addition, the inclusion of 15.0% RETP has a laxative affect. 
Development, economic viability and attributes of lamb carcass from confined animals fed on different amounts of crude glycerin
Authors: Rego Fabiola Cristine de Almeida , Françozo Monica Chaves , Ludovico Agostinho , Lima Lisiane Dorneles de , Lopes Flavio Guiselli , Belan Lais , Santos Marcelo Diniz dos , Zundt Marilice , Cunha Filho Luiz Fernando Coelho , Constantino Camila
Published: November 2015

The current study aims to assess the effect from crude glycerin inclusion (0, 7, 14, and 21% dry matter) in the diet of slaughtered lamb on their development, nutrient consumption, biometrical measures, diet economic viability and carcass features. Thirty two (32) non-castrated male Texel lambs were used in the study, they presented mean initial weight 15.9 ± 4.1 kilos and were distributed in casual outlining. They were fed with four treatments, with 8 repetitions. Animals were slaughtered when they reached approximately 35 kilos. The mean total weight gain was 20.72 kilos and mean daily weight gain was 260 grams. No changes resulted from glycerin use. The carcass performance was similar among treatments (P>0.05) and the cold carcass performance (CCP) was 44.68%. There were no effects (P>0.05) on the loin eye area (LEA) and on fat thickness (FT); they showed averages of 13.66 cm2 and 0.84 mm, respectively. Nutrition cost per animal during the whole confinement period varied between R$82.60 (eighty-two Reais and forty-eight cents) to R$92.48. The smallest nutrition amount consisted of 21% crude glycerin. The gross profit ranged from R$30.75 to R$ 34.01 per animal, for feed without glycerin and 21% glycerin, respectively. Animal development was not impacted by glycerin introduction, even with decrease on dry and organic mass consumption. The result showed that crude glycerin inclusion might be used in lambs’ diet. Whenever there are big amounts of feed involved in the process, the 21% crude glycerin addition may be an interesting cost reduction. Seventy eight percent (78%) glycerol crude glycerin to replace corn-based feed in confined lambs’ diet appeared to be nutritionally and economically viable.

 
The Use of Hybrid Terms and Expressions in Colloquial Arabic among Jordanian College Students: A Sociolinguistic Study
Authors: Jaran Samia A. , Al-Haq Fawwaz Al-Abed
Published: November 2015

Languages tend to be modified to accommodate for the speakers needs, such as, discussing or dealing with certain topics and domains. An example, university students, in Jordan, modify their own language, being colloquial Arabic, with terms and expressions from the English language in order to interact and adapt to everyday college life. Due to this, college students have fabricated new hybrid terms and expressions; a mixture of English and colloquial Arabic words merged together to make one. This study attempts to explain the attitudes towards these terms and expressions and to what extent they are used amongst the students at Yarmouk University, during Arabic discourse. This was achieved by means of questionnaires and interview. The findings revealed that these colloquial hybrid terms and expressions are highly used by all college students. Results also show that the use of colloquial hybrid terms and expressions is tightly related to social factors, like, age and gender. Thus, these terms and expressions are used mostly by students aged between 18 and 20 years of age. Moreover, these terms and expressions are used more by females than males.
Resilience Questions Expose Gaps, Opportunity for Water Industry
Authors: Orth Mike
Published: November 2015

US water service providers are uniquely accustomed to changing conditions. However, rarely have so many competing pressures tested the industry as they do now.
Maintain Valves and Hydrants for an Optimized Distribution System
Authors: Martin Barb , Ries Tom
Published: November 2015

Under typical conditions, as well as in emergency situations, valves and hydrants play an important role in maintaining efficient, safe distribution system operation. Optimize operational practices to ensure the functioning of these critical assets.
Relative Importance of Emotional Intelligence’s Dimensions in Contributing to Dimensions of Job Performance
Authors: Jamil Ahmad  , Maryam Saeed Hashmi
Published: November 2015

Career in service industry is emotional labor intensive, which turns performance of the employees into undesired status who are not emotionally intelligent. To put light on this issue the present study scrutinizes the significant contributor from four dimensions of emotional intelligence to three dimensions of job performance individually as well jointly. Data gathered from 292 bankers through instrument adopted from literature, regression results revealed that self emotional appraisal, others emotional appraisal, regulation of emotions and use of emotions significantly contribute task performance, counterproductive work behaviors and organizational citizenship behaviors individually as well as jointly. The use of emotions remained significant when included with other dimensions of emotional intelligence in the hierarchical regressions model after controlling for age and gender, whereas regulation of emotions lost its significance. In organizational citizenship behaviors maximum variation was observed due to emotional intelligence’s dimensions as compare to the other dimensions of job performance. Banks’ management could use these findings for recruitment, training and promotions of employees. Limitations and future suggestions are presented in later part.
International Investor Sentiment and Emerging Equity Markets in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Sokalska Magdalena
Published: November 2015

This paper uses the vector Markov switching method of Hamilton (1990) to measure market sentiment in a group of countries. We investigate the apparent co-movement of equity returns in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. We argue that the main underlying forces moving stock returns in small open emerging markets are of an exogenous nature. The main factor driving prices in the region is modeled as an unobservable variable labeled "international investor sentiment". This latent variable is represented as a two-state Markov chain and makes stock returns switch from a growth regime to a depression regime, or in the opposite direction. In such a framework, the stock return process comes from a mixture of two multivariate normal distributions. The estimated latent variable shows significant correlation with a number of data series on global capital flows, mutual fund flows, regional emerging and developed markets' equity returns as well as with other popular market sentiment or economic uncertainty indicators. It does not show a strong association with a comprehensive set of contemporaneous local economic factors with the exception of the quarterly change in industrial production.
« Là où est le pouvoir, les mots passent invisibles » : le pacte de lecture de Jean Paulhan
Authors: Côté-Fournier Laurence
Published: November 2015

Le point de départ de cet article est Les fleurs de Tarbes ou la Terreur dans les Lettres de Jean Paulhan. Nous analysons cet essai pour voir quelle politique de la lecture l’auteur y met en avant, en nous arrêtant autant sur ses propos que sur son mode d’écriture. Nous procédons en deux temps : nous observons d’abord la conception de l’acte de lecture qui se dégage de la structure et du mode d’assertion des Fleurs de Tarbes ; ces analyses sont ensuite enrichies d’une discussion des lectures qu’ont faites d’autres critiques des positions de Paulhan sur le geste interprétatif, autant celles de ses contemporains (Benda, Blanchot) que celles de critiques plus récents, issus pour la plupart de l’école américaine de spécialistes de Paulhan (Mehlman, Syrotinski, Milne). Nous postulons que la rhétorique de Paulhan, en mettant l’accent sur la matérialité des mots, travaille les modalités de lecture en régime démocratique et les incorpore dans son mode même d’assertion en dépit de l’absence d’une rhétorique commune pour unifier le sens.
Plantas medicinais no semiárido: conhecimentos populares e acadêmicos
Authors: Mancia de Gutiérrez Ingrid Estefania , dos Reis Silva Filho Antidio , de Almeida Mara Zélia , Barboza da Silva Nina Claudia
Published: November 2015

Na região do Semiárido, ocorre um dos grandes biomas brasileiro, a Caatinga, que ocupa uma área contínua, com clima quente e seco, circundada por áreas de clima mais úmido. Com o conhecimento popular como fonte de dados importantes para novas descobertas científicas sobre as propriedades terapêuticas das plantas, esse livro analisa o estado da arte de espécies nativas do semiárido brasileiro visando o desenvolvimento e a caracterização da tolerância a estresses abióticos, em espécies vegetais nativas dessa região.
Inhibition by small-molecule ligands of formation of amyloid fibrils of an immunoglobulin light chain variable domain
Authors: Brumshtein Boris , Esswein Shannon R , Salwinski Lukasz , Phillips Martin L , Ly Alan T , Cascio Duilio , Sawaya Michael R , Eisenberg David S
Published: November 2015

Overproduction of immunoglobulin light chains leads to systemic amyloidosis, a lethal disease characterized by the formation of amyloid fibrils in patients' tissues. Excess light chains are in equilibrium between dimers and less stable monomers which can undergo irreversible aggregation to the amyloid state. The dimers therefore must disassociate into monomers prior to forming amyloid fibrils. Here we identify ligands that inhibit amyloid formation by stabilizing the Mcg light chain variable domain dimer and shifting the equilibrium away from the amyloid-prone monomer.
The relationship between interannual and long‐term cloud feedbacks
Authors: Zhou Chen , Zelinka Mark D. , Dessler Andrew E. , Klein Stephen A.
Published: November 2015

Analyses of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 simulations suggest that climate models with more positive cloud feedback in response to interannual climate fluctuations also have more positive cloud feedback in response to long‐term global warming. Ensemble mean vertical profiles of cloud change in response to interannual and long‐term surface warming are similar, and the ensemble mean cloud feedback is positive on both timescales. However, the average long‐term cloud feedback is smaller than the interannual cloud feedback, likely due to differences in surface warming pattern on the two timescales. Low cloud cover (LCC) change in response to interannual and long‐term global surface warming is found to be well correlated across models and explains over half of the covariance between interannual and long‐term cloud feedback. The intermodel correlation of LCC across timescales likely results from model‐specific sensitivities of LCC to sea surface warming.
Toward the azimuthal characteristics of ionospheric and seismic effects of “Chelyabinsk” meteorite fall according to the data from coherent radar, GPS, and seismic networks
Authors: Berngardt O. I. , Perevalova N. P. , Dobrynina A. A. , Kutelev K. A. , Shestakov N. V. , Bakhtiarov V. F. , Kusonsky O. A. , Zagretdinov R. V. , Zherebtsov G. A.
Published: November 2015

We present the results of a study of the azimuthal characteristics of ionospheric and seismic effects of the meteorite ‘Chelyabinsk,’ based on the data from the network of GPS receivers, coherent decameter radar EKB, and network of seismic stations, located near the meteorite fall trajectory. It is shown that 6–14 min after the bolide explosion, GPS network observed the cone‐shaped wavefront of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) that is interpreted as a ballistic acoustic wave. The typical TIDs propagation velocity were observed 661 ± 256 m/s, which corresponds to the expected acoustic wave speed for 240 km height. Fourteen minutes after the bolide explosion, at distances of 200 km, we observed the emergence and propagation of a TID with annular wavefront that is interpreted as gravitational mode of internal atmospheric waves. The propagation velocity of this TID was 337 ± 89 m/s which corresponds to the propagation velocity of these waves in similar situations. At EKB radar, we observed TIDs in the sector of azimuthal angles close to the perpendicular to the meteorite trajectory. The observed TID velocity (400 m/s) and azimuthal properties correlate well with the model of ballistic wave propagating at 120–140 km altitude. It is shown that the azimuthal distribution of the amplitude of vertical seismic oscillations with periods 3–60 s can be described qualitatively by the model of vertical strike‐slip rupture, propagating at 1 km/s along the meteorite fall trajectory to distance of about 40 km. These parameters correspond to the direction and velocity of propagation of the ballistic wave peak by the ground. It is shown that the model of ballistic wave caused by supersonic motion and burning of the meteorite in the upper atmosphere can satisfactorily explain the various azimuthal ionospheric effects, observed by the coherent decameter radar EKB, GPS receivers network, and the azimuthal characteristics of seismic waves at large distances.
Principal component analysis of Birkeland currents determined by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment
Authors: Milan S. E. , Carter J. A. , Korth H. , Anderson B. J.
Published: November 2015

Principal component analysis is performed on Birkeland or field‐aligned current (FAC) measurements from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment. Principal component analysis (PCA) identifies the patterns in the FACs that respond coherently to different aspects of geomagnetic activity. The regions 1 and 2 current system is shown to be the most reproducible feature of the currents, followed by cusp currents associated with magnetic tension forces on newly reconnected field lines. The cusp currents are strongly modulated by season, indicating that their strength is regulated by the ionospheric conductance at the foot of the field lines. PCA does not identify a pattern that is clearly characteristic of a substorm current wedge. Rather, a superposed epoch analysis of the currents associated with substorms demonstrates that there is not a single mode of response, but a complicated and subtle mixture of different patterns.
Global empirical models of plasmaspheric hiss using Van Allen Probes
Authors: Spasojevic M. , Shprits Y. Y. , Orlova K.
Published: November 2015

Plasmaspheric hiss is a whistler‐mode emission that permeates the Earth's plasmasphere and is a significant driver of energetic electron losses through cyclotron resonant pitch angle scattering. The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science instrument on the Van Allen Probes mission provides vastly improved measurements of the hiss wave environment including continuous measurements of the wave magnetic field cross‐spectral matrix and enhanced low‐frequency coverage. Here, we develop empirical models of hiss wave intensity using two years of Van Allen Probes data. First, we describe the construction of the hiss database. Then, we compare the hiss spectral distribution and integrated wave amplitude obtained from Van Allen Probes to those previously extracted from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite mission. Next, we develop a cubic regression model of the average hiss magnetic field intensity as a function of Kp, L, magnetic latitude, and magnetic local time. We use the full regression model to explore general trends in the data and use insights from the model to develop a simplified model of wave intensity for straightforward inclusion in quasi‐linear diffusion calculations of electron scattering rates.