bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ptaquiloside from bracken (Pteridiumspp.) promotes oral carcinogenesis initiated by HPV16 in transgenic mice
Authors: Gil da Costa Rui M. , Neto Tiago , Estêvão Diogo , Moutinho Magda , Félix Ana , Medeiros Rui , Lopes Carlos , Bastos Margarida M. S. M. , Oliveira Paula A.
Published: March 2020

Bracken (Pteridiumspp.) is a common weed that is consumed as food especially in Asia, and is suspected of promoting carcinogenesis induced by papillomaviruses in the digestive and urinary systems.
Visible-light-induced photocatalyst-free C-3 functionalization of indoles with diethyl bromomalonate
Authors: Gu Guangmiao , Huang Mengmeng , Kim Jung Keun , Zhang Jianye , Li Yabo , Wu Yangjie
Published: March 2020

A visible-light-induced and XB-promoted green approach to construct α-indolyl diethyl malonates was developed.
The 21Ne/20Ne ratio of atmospheric neon
Authors: Saxton J. M.
Published: March 2020

A new experimental approach yields a robustly determined 21Ne/20Ne ratio of the atmosphere.
Construction of ZnO/ZIF-9 heterojunction photocatalyst: enhanced photocatalytic performance and mechanistic insight
Authors: Liu Nannan , Shang Qigao , Gao Ke , Cheng Qingrong , Pan Zhiquan
Published: March 2020

Heterostructure construction in photocatalysts is an effective method to improve their catalytic activity because of the remarkable role that the heterostructure plays in charge separation.
Designing a new class of excess electron compounds with unique electronic structures and extremely large non-linear optical responses
Authors: Li Xiang-Hui , Zhang Li , Zhang Xiao-Ling , Ni Bi-Lian , Li Chun-Yan , Sun Wei-Ming
Published: March 2020

New Ca+-1-M′− (M′ = Li, Na, and K) compounds with typical alkalide features and electride-like characteristics have been obtained.
Preparation of a g-C3N4/Co3O4/Ag2O ternary heterojunction nanocomposite and its photocatalytic activity and mechanism
Authors: Xu Qian , Zhao Peng , Shi Yu-Kun , Li Jian-Sheng , You Wan-Sheng , Zhang Lan-Cui , Sang Xiao-Jing
Published: March 2020

A g-C3N4/Co3O4/Ag2O nanocomposite shows good photocatalytic activities towards the degradation of RhB and H2O2 production via the two-electron reduction of oxygen.
Functionalized polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) based composites for bone tissue engineering: synthesis, computational and biological studies
Authors: Legnani Laura , Iannazzo Daniela , Pistone Alessandro , Celesti Consuelo , Giofrè Salvatore , Romeo Roberto , Di Pietro Angela , Visalli Giuseppa , Fresta Monica , Bottino Paola , Blanco Ignazio , Chiacchio Maria Assunta
Published: March 2020

Functionalized POSS containing an isoxazolidine nucleus have been synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and conjugated with chitosan for bone tissue engineering applications.
Are MXenes suitable as cathode materials for rechargeable Mg batteries?
Authors: Kaland Henning , Hadler-Jacobsen Jacob , Fagerli Frode Håskjold , Wagner Nils P. , Wang Zhaohui , Selbach Sverre M. , Vullum-Bruer Fride , Wiik Kjell , Schnell Sondre Kvalvåg
Published: March 2020

The feasibility of MXenes as energy dense cathodes for rechargeable Mg batteries is assessed, revealing major challenges but also some promise.
Uncovering friction dynamics using hydrogel particles as soft ball bearings
Authors: Rudge Raisa E. D. , van de Sande Jesse P. M. , Dijksman Joshua A. , Scholten Elke
Published: March 2020

Hydrogel microparticles transition through four rate-dependent regimes.
Hexatic phase in a model of active biological tissues
Authors: Pasupalak Anshuman , Yan-Wei Li , Ni Ran , Pica Ciamarra Massimo
Published: March 2020

Epithelial cell tissues undergo a solid–liquid transition, e.g. as the motility of the cells increases. We find an intermediate hexatic phase in between the solid and the liquid ones, and the transition to follow the KTHNY scenario.
Hypoxia-induced up-regulation of miR-27a promotes paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Feng Lanlan , Shen Fangrong , Zhou Jinhua , Li Yan , Jiang Rong , Chen Youguo
Published: March 2020

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignant tumor with high mortality in women. Although cancer patients initially respond to paclitaxel chemotherapy following surgery, most patients will relapse after 12–24 months and gradually die from chemotherapy resistance. In OC, cancer cells become resistant to paclitaxel chemotherapy under hypoxic environment. The miR-27a has been identified as an oncogenic molecular in ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer etc. In addition, the miR-27a is involved in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in various cancers. However, the role of miR-27a in hypoxia-induced OC resistance remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of miR-27a in hypoxia-induced OC resistance. The expression of HIF-1α induced Hypoxia overtly up-regulated. At the same time, hypoxia increased viability of Skov3 cells and decreased cell apoptosis when treated with paclitaxel. The expression of the miR-27a was obviously up-regulated under hypoxia and involved in hypoxia-induced paclitaxel resistance. Follow-up experiments portray that miR-27a improved paclitaxel resistance by restraining the expression of APAF1 in OC. Finally, we further elucidated the important regulatory role of the miR-27a-APAF1 axis in OC through in vivo experiments. According to our knowledge, we first reported the regulation of miR-27a in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in OC, providing a possible target for chemoresistance treatment of OC.
Development and Initial Validation of the Functional External Memory Aid Tool
Authors: Lanzi Alyssa , Bourgeois Michelle S. , Dedrick Robert F.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop the item pool and investigate the structure and measurement properties of the Functional External Memory Aid Tool (FEMAT), a performance-based measure of everyday strategy use for persons with mild memory impairments. The FEMAT examines one's use of strategies to compensate for cognitive communication impairments that interfere with the completion of complex daily tasks.

Method

During Phase 1, six expert panel members reviewed the initial item pool and scoring rubric to assess item verification. Each item was developed to elicit strategy use and represent a complex daily task. During Phase 2, 99 participants with possible mild neurocognitive disorder (as determined by screening procedures) responded to 11 items. The factor structure of the data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability and relationships between the FEMAT and additional factors were also examined.

Results

The process of development (Phase 1) resulted in 11 items distributed among three factors: (a) Medical Tasks, (b) Instrumental Daily Tasks, and (c) Retrieval-Based Tasks. Internal consistency (Phase 2), assessed with confirmatory factor analysis, confirmed the proposed three-factor model. Reliability analyses revealed at least 62%–84% of within-test score variance was due to true score variance. Correlation analyses indicated weak and strong relationships between the FEMAT and participant demographic variables and additional assessment measures.

Conclusions

The FEMAT provides reliable measurement of everyday external memory aid use in persons with possible mild neurocognitive disorder. The FEMAT was designed to be used in clinical settings and to provide better guidance to clinicians to design person-centered interventions than currently available cognitive communication measures.
Teaching Undergraduate Clinicians Empirically Supported Practices for Preschool Vocabulary Instruction
Authors: Kelley Elizabeth Spencer , Hull Greta , Eubank Abby , Roettgen Greta
Published: March 2020

Purpose

To incorporate evidence-based practice into clinical settings, there is a need for efficient, effective ways to share information from research to speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and to students preparing to become SLPs. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a method for teaching undergraduate student clinicians to use empirically supported practices in vocabulary instruction during shared storybook reading with preschoolers.

Method

Undergraduate students enrolled in a semester-long preschool practicum participated in the study. In Study 1, 11 students participated in a multiple-baseline, single-case design. In Study 2, an additional 10 students were included in a quasi-experimental group design. All students completed prerecorded, online teaching modules that taught empirically supported practices for teaching vocabulary during shared storybook reading. Half of the students received weekly e-mails with performance feedback. Targeted practices included selection of appropriate vocabulary targets, explicit teaching, and use of interactive teaching strategies.

Results

In Study 1, treatment effects were observed for targeted practices for many of the student clinicians. In Study 2, group comparisons indicated an effect of e-mail performance feedback for 1 of 3 outcomes with a large effect size.

Conclusion

Prerecorded teaching modules may be an efficient, effective way to teach specific empirically supported practices to undergraduate student clinicians. E-mail feedback might improve use of taught practices for some students or for some practices. Future studies can examine the potential of these types of teaching modules for other outcomes or with groups of practicing SLPs.
Reconfigurable 2, 3 and 5‐point DFT processing element for SDF FFT architecture using fast cyclic convolution algorithm
Authors: S. Bibin Sam Paul , Glittas A.X. , Sellathurai M. , Lakshminarayanan G.
Published: March 2020

In this Letter, a reconfigurable processing element (PE) for pipelined SDF FFT architecture is presented, which can be configured to compute 2, 3 and 5‐point DFTs. Foremost, the proposed PE architecture for the 5‐point DFT computation is designed by factorising the 5‐point DFT computation operation into cyclic convolution units and then the 2‐ and 3‐point DFTs structures are mapped on to it using multiplexers. Thus, all three configurations are possible. In the case of prior 5‐point PE designs, the PE can start its operation only after the arrival of all the five‐input data, whereas the proposed PE completes a part of computation after the arrival of the first three inputs and reuse the same hardware to process the next two inputs. As a result, the proposed PE requires less hardware, at the same time, preserving the throughput of prior PE. The proposed PE required 25% less multiplier and one adder less compared to the Winograd algorithm based 5‐input PE.
Exploiting analogue OxRAM conductance modulation for contrast enhancement application
Authors: Kumar A. , Bezugam S. S. , Hudec B. , Hou T.‐H. , Suri M.
Published: March 2020

The authors present a unique application of analogue oxide‐based resistive memory (OxRAM) device for sensor‐level information storage and computation. They show that quality of low‐contrast images in low‐light can be improved by carefully exploiting OxRAM conductance modulation from specific bi‐layer OxRAM material stacks. The proposed methodology involves conversion of light intensity to pulse frequency followed by resistance encoding as different non‐volatile OxRAM resistance states.
Wire rod linear actuator seals inspired by earthworm: tube seal
Authors: Han S. , Seo J. , Kim J. , Kim J.T. , Chon S.‐U. , Park S. , Kim J. , Cho J.
Published: March 2020

This Letter presents a flexible wire‐driven linear actuator using a bio‐inspired sealing method that allows to replace a rigid rod by a flexible one and reduce the size of a robot link containing pneumatic or hydraulic linear actuators. Conventional pneumatic or hydraulic linear actuator sealing hinders the use of flexible wires as actuator rods. In contrast, the proposed tube sealing resembles a long balloon wrapping around the wire and stretching or contracting with the wire rod motion. Therefore, the wire is separated from the chamber and prevents fluid leakage through the flexible wire rod. This sealing method is inspired by earthworm which has slippery skin and stretching or contracting motion. The authors fabricated a prototype wire rod pneumatic linear actuator using the proposed tube seal and conducted leakage tests. In addition, the authors evaluated linearity between the input pressure and output force to determine the linear actuator performance.
Energy‐efficient node‐to‐node communication scheme for fog‐based cellular networks
Authors: Biswash Sanjay Kumar , Jayakody Dushantha Nalin K.
Published: March 2020

In this study, the authors present an energy‐efficient technique for the fog‐networks, where a node can communicate to other users using limited network infrastructure support. The authors' contribution is central to node mobility and lower energy consumption rates. They propose an energy‐efficient cellular communication model for fog‐networks. To establish the connection between the source and the destination node, the next generation involves node base station imports required information from nearby fog nodes and performs the network management with the help of data analytic units. A system‐level optimisation for the energy consumption model is also proposed, which supports a high degree of node mobility. They compared their results with 4G/LTE and observed that the proposed work provides the least energy consumption as compared to the legacy of the networks.
Energy efficient secure MIMO transmission in the presence of smart attacker
Authors: Nie Yulong , Chen Qingchun , Shen Xujun , Gan Keming
Published: March 2020

The multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) transmission against a smart attacker has recently been formulated as a non‐collaborative game, in which the reinforcement learning‐based transmitter is devised to suppress the attack motivation of the malicious attacker for more secure transmission. Basically, large enough transmission power is needed to obtain the Nash equilibrium in favour of the MIMO transmitter. When energy efficiency is required, a secure MIMO transmission design with reasonable energy efficiency will become highly desirable. This study focuses on how to make the MIMO transmitter not only resist malicious attacker but also realise reasonable energy efficiency. To this end, a new game between the MIMO transmitter and the malicious attacker is formulated to take into account the energy efficiency of the MIMO transmitter. Since the energy efficiency requirement tends to reduce the transmission power by the MIMO transmitter, which may degrade the realised security performance in an adverse environment, the probabilistic transmission strategy was employed to further enhance the secure transmission. The analysis results unveil that the proposed energy‐efficient secure MIMO transmission design can not only ensure reasonable security performance but also noticeably improve energy efficiency performance.
Polar codes Bhattacharyya parameter generalisation
Authors: El‐Abbasy Karim , ElDin Ramy Taki , Elramly Salwa , Abdelhamid Bassant
Published: March 2020

Recently, polar codes were proposed by Arikan to achieve optimum channel capacity given by Shannon theorem with low encoding and decoding complexity. Polar code construction depends on two main foundation criteria which are kernel matrix and Bhattacharyya parameter. They are related to each other, therefore the selection method for both affects the performance of polar code. Firstly, in this study, the derivations of the bounds for Bhattacharyya parameter are proved and generalised together with a proposed method to select the best kernel matrix to achieve the optimum capacity. Then, recursive channel transformations and successive cancellation decoding of the selected 3 × 3 best kernel matrix are proved. Furthermore, a general formula for polar code complexity and hardware implementation has been discussed. Simulation results show that the achievable bit error rate for the proposed methodology of selection is the same as some existing methods with the same order of complexity, which indicates its effectiveness. Polar code performance for the selected 3 × 3 best kernel matrix is improved as the code length increases. Moreover, this proposed method is general to be for higher dimension kernel matrices.
Parameter estimation of frequency hopping signal based on MWC–MSBL reconstruction
Authors: Yixuan Guo , Zhi Li , Jian Li , Jianhua Zhou
Published: March 2020

Aiming at the problem that single‐network hopping signals have not fully utilised its frequency domain sparse characteristic in the parameter estimation, this study proposes a parameter estimation of frequency hopping (FH) signal based on multi‐measurement vector sparse Bayesian learning (MSBL) in modulation wideband converter (MWC). Since the FH signal is sparse in the frequency domain, the authors apply the MSBL method to estimate its parameters. After the signal is sampled by the MWC, the MSBL algorithm is used to reconstruct its support set. Then the time–frequency ridge method is used to estimate the signal's hop duration, time‐hopping, and carrier frequency based on the time–frequency map. Simulation experiments show that under the condition of low signal‐to‐noise ratio, the parameter estimation performance in the case can be improved by up to 65% and anti‐noise performance can be improved up to 6 db compared with the existing method. The result is very close to the Nyquist full sampling and can greatly improve the accuracy of the FH signal parameter estimation in the MWC system and relieve the pressure of the hardware.
Cooperative scheduling of multi‐core and cloud resources: fine‐grained offloading strategy for multithreaded applications
Authors: Wang Zhaoyang , Hao Wanming , Yan Lei , Han Zhuo , Yang Shouyi
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, advanced smart mobile devices equipped with multi‐core central processing units for handling multithreaded (MT) applications. However, existing research mainly uses single‐thread (ST) computing to deal with applications, which limits the performance of mobile computing. To make full use of multi‐core resources, this study proposes a fine‐grained MT offloading strategy to solve the offloading problem of MT application. The strategy jointly schedules cloud computing resources, as well as local multi‐core computing and communication resources. Precisely, the authors first formulate the minimum energy consumption problem for ST offloading. Then, they prove that the problem is convex and solve it by standard convex optimisation technique. Thirdly, they extend the optimisation goals from ST applications to MT applications, and design calculation rules for MT applications to reduce computing costs. Finally, based on these calculation rules and the optimal solution for ST offloading, they develop a MT offloading strategy to solve the computation offloading problem of MT applications. Simulation results show that the proposed fine‐grained MT offloading strategy effectively reduces the minimum delay requirement of mobile computing.
Stochastic bidding strategy for electrical vehicle charging stations to participate in frequency containment reserves markets
Authors: Astero Poria , Evens Corentin
Published: March 2020

This study presents a stochastic bidding strategy for electrical vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) to participate in frequency containment reserves (FCRs) markets. To achieve this, the study starts by developing deterministic models to calculate the maximum FCR that could be provided by each charging event (cycle) of an electric vehicle. These models are established based on the technical requirements of FCR in the Nordic flexibility market, namely the frequency containment reserve for normal operation and frequency containment reserve for disturbances. These deterministic models will be combined with historical data of charging records in EVCS to develop a methodology to calculate the probability density functions of the FCR profiles. Finally, the optimum FCR profiles, which maximise the expected profit of EVCS from participating in the day‐ahead flexibility market, are estimated by performing a stochastic optimisation. The proposed methodology is evaluated by using empirical charging data of public EVCS in the Helsinki area.
Goos–Hänchen effect in a metal‐coated sidewall hybrid plasmonic multimode interference power splitter
Authors: Mehragha Rouholla , Nikoufard Mahmoud , Al-Hakkak Hassanaen
Published: March 2020

A novel InP#x02010;based metal#x02010;coated sidewall, hybrid plasmonic multimode interference (MCS#x02010;HP#x02010;MMI) power splitter has been proposed. Based on two methods of multimode interference self#x02010;imaging and finite difference time domain simulations, a 1 × 2 MCS#x02010;HP#x02010;MMI power splitter was numerically analysed and compared with an HP#x02010;MMI power splitter with the same specifications showing 70% reduction in length due to the negative Goos–Hänchen shift in the metal#x02010;coated sidewalls of the MCS#x02010;HP#x02010;MMI power splitter. The width and layer stack specifications of the device were optimised using response surface methodology to minimise the multimode interference length and maximise the optical power transmission. The total optical power transmission of 98% was achieved for an MCS#x02010;HP#x02010;MMI width and length of 662 and 190 nm, respectively, with a wavelength of 1550 nm.
Resilience measurement of Padang city’s infrastructures toward multi-hazard
Authors: Ananda Giani , Ophiyandri Taufika , Hasymi Edi
Published: March 2020

The complexity of geographical conditions and regional morphology of Padang City have caused it to be at high risk of multi-hazard. Padang City is located near the meeting point of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, and also on the Sumatra Fault line (Semangko Fault). Therefore, strong infrastructures are needed in order to minimize the impact of the risk of multi-hazard. This study is conducted to measure the resilience of Padang City’s infrastructures toward multi-hazard and provide recommendations to improve the resilience of Padang City’s infrastructures toward Multi-hazard. This study was conducted with qualitative methods and presented quantitatively in the form of diagrams. The measurement is carried out based on the concept of city toughness measurements made by UNISDR known as the "Scorecard". This study only focuses on essential 8 about "Increase Infrastructure Resilience" and essential 10 about "Expedite Recovery and Build Back Better". From this study, it can be concluded that the resilience of Padang City infrastructures is still relatively low so several recommendations that are expected will increase the resilience of Padang City’s infrastructures are proposed, that are; in-depth assessment, data collection and supervision monitoring of infrastructures, important assets, and protective infrastructure.
Analysis of settlement prediction due to preloading and vertical drain applications on runway construction
Authors: Meilani Adriyati , Ahmad Rifa’i , Fikri Faris
Published: March 2020

Consolidation settlement is a general geotechnical problem particularly found in the area where is composed of soft soil. It is caused by the discharge of pore water pressure induced by the increase of stress in the soil mass. Construction of runway above soft soil requires analysis for stability related to the reduction of consolidation settlement and the recovery. This study aims to analyze the settlement comprehensively using empirical methods of Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) and preloading installation. Preloading is a technique by which consolidation of soil can be achieved to a substantial amount before the imposition of actual construction load. According to soil investigation, the characteristic of the soil layer is clay soil, which has the potential to consolidation settlement. The result of the settlement analysis of the taxiway in the research area is from 33 cm to 214 cm. It takes ten years for primary consolidation to reach a 90% degree of consolidation. However, in the Hansbo method of Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) and preloading are applied, with triangular configurations in depth of 11 meters and duration for variation embankment spacing of 1 m is 79 days, 1.5 m is 202 days and 2 m is 390 days. The conclusion of efficient distance of PVD installation and preloading is spacing of 1 m with 79 days for primary consolidation.
Landslide disaster mitigation plan in Karang Tengah Village, Bantul district, Yogyakarta
Authors: Teguh Mochamad , Aminatun Sri , Erlangga Wisnu
Published: March 2020

Karang Tengah Village is one of the villages that are vulnerable to landslides that located on the topography of the ridge to the hills in the eastern region of Bantul Regency. Based on the map of landslides incident from the Regional Disaster Management Agency in 2011, Karang Tengah Village has steep slopes, so it has a high potential for landslides. One way to mitigate landslide disaster is to assess and analyze the risk of landslide disaster in detail. This study aims to identify the homes of residents who are in the landslide threat zone, be it a high or medium threat zone. The method used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative approach combined with a quantitative method used to give a clear picture of the number of houses in each zonation. Sources of data used are primary and secondary data sources through interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that 1) the number of households in the high-risk zone is 63 houses, in the yellow risk zone is 59 houses. 2) The village of Karang Tengah has a high threat, medium to high vulnerability, and medium capacity, which means having a medium to high risk. 3) Recommended infrastructure.
Effect of use of quicklime mix on the slope surface and number of layers on embankment stability
Authors: Yuliet Rina , Rahmat Syahril , Eka Putri Elsa , Gusti Putra Hendri
Published: March 2020

Common problems that are often found on embankments are soil instability and low soil bearing capacity. To prevent landslides, consideration of the embankment stability and ways to improvement it is essential. This study investigates the use of quicklime as a stabilising material and a number of fill layers on the safety factor of the slope of the embankment in order to find the optimal combination. The type failure or deformation and extreme stresses that occurred in these soil embankments was also studied. Laboratory testing is used to determine soil properties. Three types of soil were analysed; subgrade, fill from original soil and fill from soil mixed with 15% quicklime. This quicklime mix was used as a 40 cm reinforcement layer on the slope surface of the embankment.
An alternative model of retaining walls on sandy area to prevent landslides
Authors: Irda Mazni Deni
Published: March 2020

Landslide is one of the potential disasters that can take life and material. A way to reduce disaster risk in slopes is to improve slope stability. A challenge in improving slope stability is how to make soil retaining walls that are simple, quickly built, and workable in the process. This research focuses on laboratory tests of gravity, segmental, and pre-cast retaining walls in sands. The tested models are slopes with different segmental, pre-cast, gravity walls made of un-reinforced concrete for static loads. The slope failure patterns were observed with their load variations. There are two wall models segmental. Each segmental wall observed a collapse pattern that occurred behind the wall. Static loading is carried out step by step until collapse occurs in the segmental wall. Observations and defects are carried out during the load process until the segmental wall collapses. This research shows that segmental pre-cast retaining walls with specific models and sizes can be selected to support certainly given loads to prevent slope failure.
Parametric studies on the ductility of axial loaded square reinforced concrete column made of normal-strength concrete (NSC) and high-strength steel confining rebar (HSSCR) with various ties configuration
Authors: Aulia Ulfa Anis , Piscesa Bambang , Attard Mario M. , Faimun Faimun , Aji Pujo
Published: March 2020

During an earthquake, Reinforced Concrete (RC) building structures should behave in a ductile manner to prevent the structures from collapse. Therefore, the column element should have sufficient ductility to sustain an axial load at the post-peak region. Ductility of the RC column can be sufficiently provided by confinement to the RC column core. Therefore, in this paper, ductility of square RC columns made of NSC and HSSCR are analyzed using three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis (3D-NLFEA) with various ties configurations. In total, 12 specimens for each transverse steel rebar configuration were examined. The measurement used for ductility comparisons is the I10 index (AS 3600-2018) which is compared with the concept of ductility available in the literature (for example ACI 318-14). The study found that the computed minimum transverse steel rebar diameter based on ACI 318-14 showed larger diameter than the AS 3600:2018. From the 3DNLFEA analysis found that using a confining rebar higher than 700 MPa with the same volumetric ratio shows lower ductility for the Type I RC column configuration.
Modal pushover analysis on reinforced concrete arch bridge to estimate seismic responses
Authors: Murdiansyah Lukman , Permata Robby , Essen Donald
Published: March 2020

This paper presents an evaluation study of the performance of reinforced concrete arch bridge structures under earthquake load. The study is aimed to investigate the seismic performance of Wreksodiningrat Bridge, located in the province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This bridge is a three spans reinforced concrete arch bridge with a main span length of 75 m and two side spans with a length of 35 m, respectively. This study is a part of a large project carried out by the Ministry of Public Works to study the impact of the new 2016 Indonesia Seismic Design Code for Bridges (SNI 2833:2016). The main objective of this paper is to determine the displacement demands due to earthquake load based on the new seismic code design for bridges, SNI 2833:2016. In addition, demand capacity ratios (D/C) of the main structural components, such as the compression arch and main column (pier) at the fixed support, are also reviewed in this paper. The analysis was carried out using nonlinear modal pushover analysis. The arch bridge modeling is three dimensional, where structural elements such as beams, columns, and compression arches are modeled as frame elements. The plastic hinges are modeled as fiber hinges with unconfined and confined concrete material stress-strain relationship following Mander formula. The analysis result shows that the displacement demands of the bridge are 2.9 cm and 20 cm in the longitudinal and transverse direction, respectively. The D/C ratios of the compression arch due to demand earthquake load are 0.74 and 0.95 in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the bridge, while the D/C ratios of the pier are 0.15 and 0.80 in the longitudinal and transverse direction. Based on the above results, it is concluded that the studied bridge is able to withstand the seismic load requirements in the new Indonesia Seismic Design Code.
2D numerical simulation of urban dam break and its effect to building using lax scheme with numerical filter
Authors: Ravena Maitsa Tias , Indra Mardika M Gilang , Bagus Adityawan Mohammad , Harlan Dhemi , Kusumastuti Dyah , Adi Kuntoro Arno
Published: March 2020

Dam-break is one of the disasters that can occurred due to earthquake. The earthquake vibration may damage the dam construction and therefore causing a dam-break flow. The flow can cause severe destruction to the downstream urban area. Dam-break modeling offers a way to analyze its effect of buildings. In this study, a 2D model for analyzing dam break flow is developed based on the Saint Venant equations and solved using Lax Scheme. The initial condition of the modelling is a rectangular channel with obstacles at both sides of the channel and two similar columns in the middle of the channel. These obstacles are considered as buildings in an urban area. Numerical filter is used to increase the stability of the simulation. The developed model is able to perform well in simulating a case of urban dam-break based on a previous experiment. In addition, the applied numerical filter is able to handle shock, therefore maintaining the stability of the model while reducing the simulation time without the needs to use a higher order numerical scheme.
Effect of polypropylene fibers on high strength mortar subjected to elevated temperature
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad , Jun Hu Liang , Yoshitake Isamu
Published: March 2020

This study focuses on the thermo-mechanical properties of mortar in the retrofitting cover of additional reinforcement for existing concrete structures. In addition, the residual mechanical properties of high strength mortar incorporating polypropylene fibers subjected to the effect of fiber length and the elevated temperature were investigated. Several experiments were conducted to determine the optimum mixture proportions of high strength mortar incorporating polypropylene fibers which had a slump-flow of 25–30 cm, compressive strength of 50 MPa or higher, and flexural strength of 4–8 MPa. Subsequently, an experiment was conducted by using high-strength mortar-blended polypropylene fibers with a length of 2 cm, and the ratio of fiber length to the diameter of cylinder mortar-specimens was 0.4. The experimental parameters were the weight volume of fibers (0 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2%) and the heating temperature (100, 200 and 300 °C). The effect of the mixing parameters, including polypropylene length on compressive strength, slump-flow and the flexural strength of mortar were discussed. It is evident that fiber in the mortar cover influenced the initial and residual mechanical properties, such as elasticity, compressive strength, and Poisson’s ratio, of the mortar.
Organersatzverfahren: Update Lungenersatzverfahren
Authors: Reyher Christian , Muellenbach Ralf Michael , Lepper Philipp Moritz , Mutlak Haitham
Published: March 2020

Das akute Lungenversagen des Erwachsenen (ARDS) ist nach wie vor mit einer hohen Mortalität von ca. 40% belastet – eine große Herausforderung für die Intensivmedizin. Dieser Beitrag erläutert, bei welchen Befundkonstellationen die Lungenersatzverfahren ECMO (extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung) und ECCO2R (extrakorporale CO2-Elimination) als Rescue-Therapie zum Einsatz kommen können und worauf dabei zu achten ist.
Unklare akute Kreislaufinstabilität nach Stromunfall: eine (un-)gewöhnliche Komplikation
Authors: Hardt Katharina , Wappler Frank , Sakka Samir G.
Published: March 2020

Kritisch kranke Patienten können aufgrund unterschiedlicher Krankheitsbilder eine akute hämodynamische Instabilität entwickeln. Die Diagnostik und Therapie ist insbesondere dann erschwert, wenn die eigentliche Ursache der Kreislaufinstabilität von Begleiterkrankungen maskiert wird. Wir berichten über einen Patienten, der auf der Schwerverbrannten-Intensivstation wenige Tage nach einem schweren Stromunfall eine akute Kreislaufinstabilität zunächst unklarer Genese entwickelte.
Core Imprinting: An Alternative and Economic Approach for Depleting Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Herbal Extracts
Authors: Kopp Thomas , Abdel-Tawab Mona , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: March 2020

Due to the high toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, in 2011, the German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment recommended that their daily intake limit should be no more than 0.007 µg/kg body weight. The risk of ingesting these substances in herbal preparations, either from their inherent presence in plants or through contamination with pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing weeds, should not be underestimated. A promising molecular imprinted polymer was developed previously to minimise exposure to these compounds. Due to the high costs of the template and the risk of template bleeding, an alternative and more economic pyrrolizidine alkaloid depleting strategy is still required. Core imprinting, which focuses on the most important structural element in the target molecule, was investigated using triethylamine and tetraethylammonium as easily available and cheap alternative templates. The suitability of core imprinting was demonstrated using a pyrrolizidine alkaloid standard solution if an excess of an alternative template compared to monocrotaline was used for imprinting. Matrix trials in pyrrolizidine alkaloid-spiked Mentha piperita, Chelidonium majus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Matricaria chamomilla extracts containing Echium vulgare revealed better pyrrolizidine alkaloid binding than demonstrated for the original molecular imprinted polymer. Echimidine and echimidine-N-oxide were depleted in the range of 31.8–70.0 and 26.1–45.1%, respectively. However, solvent-dependent differences in pyrrolizidine alkaloid binding and inherent plant analytical marker compounds were observed. Hence, binding of analytical marker compounds was better minimised in methanolic than in ethanolic extracts. The present study reveals core imprinting to be an economic alternative approach for depleting pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant extracts.
How to Create Ideal Alar Form and Function
Authors: Davis Richard E. , Ostby Erin T.
Published: March 2020

Refinement of the unsightly nasal tip lobule is one of the most common, yet also one of the most challenging aspects of cosmetic and functional rhinoplasty. In addition to meticulous analysis and precise surgical modification of the tip complex itself, successful tip refinement must also take into account the surrounding nose, especially the adjacent alar lobules. Unless the modified tip complex harmonizes with the adjacent alar lobules to form a symmetric, aesthetically pleasing, and fully functioning nasal base, tip refinement will inevitably fail. Structural interdependency between the alar lobules, the tip cartilages, and the nasal septum (and the myriad individual variations therein) make controlled alar complex refinement a formidable and complex undertaking. Long-term success is contingent upon understanding the full scope of structural tip dynamics, including not only the primary effects of tip refinement, but also potentially undesirable secondary effects that may deform the alae and thus compromise the surgical outcome.
Septal Deviation after Septorhinoplasty: Causes and Surgical Management
Authors: Luu Neil N. , Friedman Oren
Published: March 2020

Revision rhinoplasty exists because the perfect primary rhinoplasty technique does not. The benefit of revision surgery is that it offers us the opportunity to study and identify what did not work well during previous surgery. Thoughtful approaches to technique and outcomes allow us to recognize which maneuvers are dependable and worth repeating, and which are not reliable and therefore worth avoiding. As surgeons seek safer, more predictable results to improve patient outcomes, new techniques emerge which we then apply, study, and modify again, based on what works and what does not over the short term and the long term. There is no substitute for experience or for learning from trusted surgeons' experiences. Revision rhinoplasty presents many challenges including surgically induced anatomical changes, weakened structural support, a lack of available tissue for reconstruction, tissue remodeling responses, and other iatrogenic and wound healing complications. The septum, as the primary source of structural nasal integrity, forms the foundation for functional and aesthetic rhinoplasty. Herein, we describe strategies in septorhinoplasty for patients who have undergone prior nasal septal surgery.
The Traumatic Nasal Deformity
Authors: Marcus Benjamin C.
Published: March 2020

One of the most challenging aspects of rhinoplasty is correction of the posttraumatic nasal deformity. This special set of cases included challenges in managing the difficult septum, complicated nasal bones, and special considerations such as the septal perforation.
Counterfeit versus original patronage: Do emotional brand attachment, brand involvement, and past experience matter?
Authors: Bian Xuemei , Haque Sadia
Published: March 2020

To enhance brand performance and to protect original brands from the unprecedented upsurge of counterfeits, marketers are continuously looking for effective anti-counterfeiting methods. Developing and maintaining emotional brand attachment and brand involvement with consumers have become a strategic marketing endeavor of luxury brands. A significant question bearing both theoretical and practical implications, however, is whether emotional brand attachment or brand involvement is more apposite to warrant a luxury brand’s performance and to safeguard the original brand from counterfeits, which remains unanswered. To address this knowledge gap, a survey was conducted. On the basis of an empirical study, this paper reveals that emotional brand attachment is a more prominent influencer than brand involvement to escalate original brand patronage although the effect of brand involvement is also significant. However, while improved brand involvement pushes consumers to patronize counterfeits, higher emotional brand attachment does not result in increased counterfeit patronage. These effects do not vary as a function of previous experience of either originals or counterfeits. Findings of this research contribute to brand literature by presenting empirical evidence of distinct influence of emotional brand attachment over brand involvement, which represents significant practical implications in relation to strategic brand management and anti-counterfeiting strategies.
Correction: Civil liability for damages related to germline and embryo editing against the legal admissibility of gene editing
Authors: Krekora-Zając Dorota
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Molecular and dissociative adsorption of CO and SO on the surface of Ir(111)
Authors: Tadele Kumneger , Zhang Qinfang , Mohammed Lawal
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the molecular and dissociative adsorption of CO and SO molecules on the perfect and a defective Ir(111) surface. It is aimed at providing a broad spectrum of adsorption sites in terms of coordination of Ir atoms and investigating the role of surface defects on the adsorption of small molecules on the surface Ir(111). First-principles density functional theory (DFT) simulation with the generalized gradient approximation as it is implemented in Vienna ab initio simulation package has been employed for this study. Preferred adsorption sites, adsorption energies, and surface electronic structures of CO and SO molecules on the perfect and defective Ir(111) surfaces were calculated to obtain a systematic understanding on the nature of adsorption and dissociative interactions. The DFT calculation reveals the possible molecular adsorption of CO on both perfect and defective Ir(111) surface by the end-on manner (CO bond perpendicular to the surface); the later surface is found to be energetically more favorable. However, no dissociative adsorption was obtained. For SO molecule, on the other hand, both molecular and dissociative adsorption was observed. The defective surface is now less favorable in terms of adsorption energy, but yields stronger activation of SO. The nudged elastic band method investigation also reveals that the Pt single-atom catalysis significantly reduces (up to 80% reduction) the energy barrier of the dissociative adsorption of SO. The electronic structure calculation reveals that all the adsorptions investigated in this study involve hybridization of different electronic states.
Electron-exchange and correlation effects on filamentation instability of a high-density current-driven plasma
Authors: Taghadosi M. R. , Niknam A. R. , Khorashadizadeh S. M.
Published: March 2020

The effects of exchange and correlation on the filamentation instability of a high-density current-driven plasma are theoretically investigated under diffusion conditions by applying the quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model and the Ampère-Maxwell law. Based on the dispersion relation, a new instability condition is presented, according to which, the important characteristic quantities are identified. Moreover, the new condition reveals a red shift of the cutoff wavelength in which the instability is suppressed. As a result, the thickness of the current filaments would be greater in the presence of quantum effects. It is also proven that exchange and correlation effects on the instability growth rate and the current filament size are more significant than the other typical quantum phenomena, such as quantum diffraction and tunneling, which are included in the QHD model through the quantum statistical pressure and the Bohm potential.
Direct frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging using field programmable gate arrays for real time processing
Authors: Serafino Michael J. , Applegate Brian E. , Jo Javier A.
Published: March 2020

Frequency domain (FD) fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) involves the excitation of the sample of interest with a modulated light source and digitization of the fluorescence emission for further analysis. Traditional FD-FLIM systems use heterodyne or homodyne detection, where the excitation light source and detector are modulated at specific frequency(s). More recently, FD-FLIM systems that use reflection of the light source as a trigger or phase reference for lifetime calculations have been developed. These detection schemes, however, require extra components that increase the cost and complexity of the FD-FLIM system. Here, we report a novel FD-FLIM detection scheme whereby the light source modulation and emission digitization are implemented using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and fixed gain avalanche photodiodes are used for fluorescence detection. The reported FD-FLIM system was designed for probing nanosecond lifetime fluorophores (2–10 ns) at three emission bands simultaneously. The system utilizes a 375 nm diode laser for excitation at multiple simultaneous modulation frequencies (between 1 MHz and 83 MHz, bandwidth limited intentionally by using a lowpass filter) and three fixed gain avalanche photodiodes for simultaneous detection of three emission bands: 405/20 nm, 440/40 nm, and 525/50 nm (center/FWHM). Real-time computation of the modulation and phase lifetimes is simply performed by direct application of the discrete Fourier transform (max. of 10 frequencies) to the digitized fluorescence emission signals. The accuracy and sensitivity of this novel FD-FLIM detection scheme was demonstrated by imaging standard fluorophores and ex vivo unfixed human coronary artery tissue samples.
Collective dynamics of phase-repulsive oscillators solves graph coloring problem
Authors: Crnkić Aladin , Povh Janez , Jaćimović Vladimir , Levnajić Zoran
Published: March 2020

We show how to couple phase-oscillators on a graph so that collective dynamics “searches” for the coloring of that graph as it relaxes toward the dynamical equilibrium. This translates a combinatorial optimization problem (graph coloring) into a functional optimization problem (finding and evaluating the global minimum of dynamical non-equilibrium potential, done by the natural system’s evolution). Using a sample of graphs, we show that our method can serve as a viable alternative to the traditional combinatorial algorithms. Moreover, we show that, with the same computational cost, our method efficiently solves the harder problem of improper coloring of weighed graphs.