bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ukrainian IT Project Manager's Career Transitions to the First Job
Authors:   Mykhailo Dragomanov Ukrainian State University, Chayka Rostyslav
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of career transitions to the first place of work among Ukrainian IT project managers. Background. Software development is an increasingly important branch of the Ukrainian economy, especially in the period of rebalancing caused by the war and the flow of human talent from traditional economy sectors to new creative industries. Career transition to the project manager position is one of the easiest ways to attract personnel from other sectors of the economy to the IT industry. In this regard, it seems important to determine which socio-psychological factors contribute to the career transition of project managers in IT to the first place of work and to provide recommendations regarding measures to increase the number of IT specialists in Ukraine. Methods. A career and organizational psychology literature review was carried out on career transitions, career stages, and career choice. Analysis and synthesis were used to identify the methodological foundations of this psychological phenomenon. An online survey was conducted and an analysis of the sources of transitions to the first place of work in IT by project managers was presented. The method of transition to the first place of work is analyzed. Results. The concept of career transitions and related terms are revealed. The hypothesis about the predominance of the desired psychological portrait over the necessary knowledge when hiring project managers without experience in IT for the first place of work was confirmed. Based on the results of the research analysis, it is shown that the majority of transitions (53 %) to the position of the project manager are now taking place from within the IT industry due to self-study (79 %). Conclusion. The main factors that will contribute to a greater number of career transitions to the first position of non-IT project managers are determined to decrease the contrast between the position of an IT project manager and the position of a project manager from other areas of business. And also the minimization of negative surprises that can lead to the dismissal of such sweaters during the first employment. The expediency of introducing a greater number of activities to gain experience in project management, leadership, working communication, and creating and managing projects in university programs is indicated. Recommendations are provided for the following researchers and practitioners of project management who will work with the topic of career transitions to the first place of work of IT project managers in Ukraine.
Means to Increase Texts Accessibility for Primary Schoolers with ASD during Teaching Process
Authors: Zagumennaya O.V. , Bogorad P.L.
Published: September 2023

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often limited in understanding spoken and written language. To make texts accessible for children with ASD specialists use means that improve understanding of verbal or written information and make learning process more successful. The article discusses why children with ASD have difficulties in precepting and understanding textual information, for example, poor vocabulary, ignorance of words lexical meaning, misunderstanding of figurative language or hidden meaning behind words due to poor social experience. We present the main working areas to develop and improve speech understanding: improving reading skills, developing the ability to listen to an interlocutor, developing phrasal speech, forming initial grammatical representations, etc. The main text types that children encounter in the classroom are also listed, for example, instructions, rules, tasks, literary works. We also offer tools that facilitate working with texts, make them more accessible, and adapt to individual capabilities of students. We give practical recommendations that will be useful both to teachers working with students with ASD and their parents.
Speech and Oral Discourse in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study of Spontaneous Bilingualism. Part I: Clinical and Anamnestic Evaluation
Authors: Balciuniene I. , Kornev A.N.
Published: September 2023

Impaired communication and speech behavior is considered to be one of the key manifestations of childhood autism. At the same time speech disorders in children with autism have not been sufficiently studied. In a meta-analysis of the modern studies of autism, we present different theories explaining relations between the childhood autism and im­pairments in verbal communication; among others, we focus mainly on semantic-pragmatic and structural-functional levels of speech; spontaneous bilingualism is also discussed. The study describes in detail a case of childhood autism in a Lithuanian-speaking boy D., followed for 6 years. The uniqueness of the given case is that at the very early age D. started demonstrating a preference of English for his native language. Moreover, he learned English exclusively on the basis of media resources found on the Internet by his parents (at his request) and himself. The paper (Part 1) includes detailed information on how verbal communication is formed and data of assessments carried out by a multi­disciplinary group of experts as well as several post-testings by a psychologist and speech-language pathologist.
A Study of Emotional Burnout in Teachers Working with Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Valyavko S.M. , Shebalkova A.I.
Published: September 2023

In practice of inclusive education teacher emotional burnout is a problem of the critical importance. Working with children with health disabilities requires a high level of competence and is associated with increased cognitive, emo­tional and communicative load. Emotional burnout is a state of physical, mental and emotional exhaustion that re­duces motivation and interest to work. The pilot study was conducted on teachers (N=40) aged 24-55 years in order to study the specifics of emotional burnout in teachers working with adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and working with healthy adolescents. The diagnostic methods are: V.V. Boyko «The study of emotional burnout», multifactorial personality questionnaire 16 PF, S. Rosenzweig «The study of frustration reactions». The predominance of emotional burnout in teachers working with ASD has been indicated. Significant correlations of emotional burnout with age, experience and some personal traits have been identified, that can help design a burnout prevention program for teachers, especially while working in the inclusive education system.
Speech and Oral Discourse in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study of Spontaneous Bilingualism. Part II: Psycholinguistic Assessment
Authors: Balciuniene I. , Kornev A.N.
Published: September 2023

Objectives. Pronounced disharmony in verbal communication development is considered a typical developmen­tal feature in infantile autism, however, its manifestations and mechanisms have not yet been studied enough; extremely little is known about the qualitative features of speech development and the psycholinguistic char­acteristics of the language abilities of such children. A dissociation between the semantic-pragmatic and struc­tural-functional components of language development has been reported; however, this feature has significant individual variability in different forms of autism. The aim of the current paper is to introduce a longitudinal study of the speech development in a child with autism accompanied by the phenomenon of spontaneous bilin­gualism in a monolingual family.

Methods. A case of a Lithuanian monolingual boy with early childhood autism is presented, who at the age of 4 years independently began to learn English, which resulted by the end of preschool age in the unbalanced bilingualism with a preference for L2. Longitudinal follow-up included 3 complex clinical examinations of the intellectual and language abilities (at 4, 6 and 8 years) and a psycholinguistic study of language skills in Lithuanian and English at the age of 7years. A battery of tests for assessing grammar, impressive and expres­sive vocabulary, and skills of personal discourse (story-telling and participating in dialogue-reasoning) was employed.

Results. In both languages, a deficiency in the pragmatic competence of story-telling and participating in dialogue-reasoning was revealed; however, lexical and grammatical errors occurred mainly in the native (Lithuanian) language. The study evidenced a deficit of verb expressive vocabulary, especially in Lithuanian language. Comprehension of complex grammatical constructions was impaired in the Lithuanian language to a greater extent than in English. To sum up, the results evidenced a partial compensation for the structural and functional impairment, but the persistence of a deficit in the pragmatics of speech.

Conclusions. The case study illustrates the special nature of speech development in a child with autism and a unique phenomenon of spontaneous bilingualism in a monolingual family.
Educational Activity as a Resource for Preserving and Strengthening the Psychological Well-being of Primary School Children
Authors: Egorova M.A. , Теrekhova A.M.
Published: September 2023

The task of preserving and strengthening the psychological well-being of schoolchildren has become relevant due to its formulation in the main normative documents regulating the content and organization of education. The structure of psychological well-being is considered from the point of view of developing the abilities of primary school children to personal growth, the ability to set goals, the ability to empathy, cooperation, autonomy, self-acceptance and effective management of life circumstances. The risks of psychological well-being due to being in unfavorable life circumstances, as well as the negative consequences of uncontrolled digitalization of the child’s living environment are presented. The advantages of a system-activity approach to the organization of educational work are substantiated. Education, designed and implemented as an activity, can become the main resource for the psychological well-being of students. Teacher training for educational activities at the stage of study at the university should be based on the scientific foundations of psychology and pedagogy and take into account current trends in the social and personal development of school children.
Features of Communicative Competencies, Educational Motivation, and Emotional Attitude to Learning of Primary School Students
Authors: Voronkova I.V. , Rastorgueva M.D. , Enukova M.O.
Published: September 2023

The article is aimed at identifying the features of communicative competencies, educational motivation, and emotional attitude to learning of primary school students studying in different didactic systems: the Elkonin — Davydov System of developmental education (DE) and the traditional education (TE). 41 third graders took part in the study, 21 of them enrolled in the Elkonin-Davydov System of developmental education, 20 in the traditional education. The following methods were used: diagnostics of educational motivation and emotional attitude to learning (modification of A.L. Andreeva), L. Mikhelson’s test of communication skills (adaptation by Y.Z. Gilbukh). The results obtained make it possible to say that the most formed communicative competencies of students of the 3rd grades DE are: to establish contact, to be able to make a request to a peer, to respond adequately to the criticism of the interlocutor and to provoking behavior on his part. Third graders studying in the TE system demonstrated an insufficient level of formation of such communicative competencies as asking for help from a peer and a teacher, asking questions. It is noted that a positive attitude to learning is typical for half of third graders studying in the DE system, while, for the same number of students, a reduced motivation to study and, in general, a neutral or negative attitude to learning is typical.
Psychological and pedagogical Support of Participants in Educational Relations in Terms of the Formation of the Emotional and Volitional Sphere Based on the Program “Stone Tales”
Authors: Vizgina E.N. , Dunaeva N.A. , Ratmanova S.A.
Published: September 2023

The article presents aspects of the use of lithotherapy in the work of a teacher-psychologist based on the program “Stone Tales” in accordance with the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard of preschool educational organization. The experience of work of teachers-psychologists of the Chuvash Republic, goals, tasks, recommendations, stages of the program “Stone Tales” developed and implemented by them is considered. Also, the article reflects the evaluation of the effectiveness of the program and the results of the methods carried out, selected by age: graphic technique “Cactus” on the assessment of the emotional sphere of the child by M.A. Panfilova; the technique of self-assessment “Ladder” by V.G. Shchur; the study of the relationship between children in the kindergarten group the sociological method of the game “Secret” by T.A. Repina; the identification of anxiety in preschoolers by the method “Steam Train” by S.V. Velieva; diagnostics of emotional relationships in the family by the method “Flower-eight” by S.V. Velieva. The purpose of the program: the development of the emotional sphere of children 4–5 years old. The scope of the program is 16 classes. The duration of classes is from 20 to 25 minutes. The frequency of classes is once a week. The article presents recommendations for conducting classes, describes the features of using the method of lithotherapy in working with preschoolers, and provides. The described results make it possible to say that the hypothesis put forward by teachers-psychologists about the effectiveness of the applied technology “lithotherapy” has been confirmed, since there is a positive dynamics of the communicative achievements of preschool pupils
Situation and the Key Sought of a Mediation Action
Authors: Elkonin B.D.
Published: September 2023

The topic of the article refers to the way and method of the Mediation Action implementation. Specified method could be built by the Mediator in the connection of two Positions: in the first place, a consideration of behaviour that will, in the second place, allow to appropriately join («wedge») its flow. Correlating the consideration of behaviour and the method of its reconstruction is the key problem of upbuilding and unfolding the Mediation Action. It implies that the Mediator views the process of action performing by another person as/in a certain language – a language, in which appropriate method of joining the unfolding behaviour could be identified and comprehended.
The Roots, Trunk and Crown of the Psychology of Activity
Authors: Kudryavtsev V.T.
Published: September 2023

The text is a review of the historical and theoretical book by E.E. Sokolova Psychology of activity: formation and prospects of development. The panorama of the ideas of the psychology of activity is reproduced based on the historical and logical foundations of the concept of activity in philosophy and psychology. These ideas are revealed in the context of the polylogue of scientists within the A.N. Leontiev school and its wide reference circle. Special attention is paid to the understanding of activity as casa sui as opposed to its mechanistic interpretation. The contradictions and paradoxes of activity are considered, through the fixation and resolution of which the way of thinking that characterizes the theory of A.N. Leontiev was formed.
Connection Between the Image of the World and Volunteering Experience among Russian Students
Authors: Molchanov S.V. , Almazova O.V. , Poskrebysheva N.N.
Published: September 2023

The relevance of the study of the conditions for the formation of the image of the world as an integral characteristic of the individual semantic system of the personality, that determines the interaction with the world and its life position, is due to the transitivity and high uncertainty of modern society. The aim of the study is to investigate the the image of the world in the current and future perspective among young people with different experience of participating in volunteer activities. The hypothesis was the assumption of differences in the image of the world in the time coordinates "present - future" among students with different experience in volunteering. The study used the Bipolar Semantic Differential method for two consecutive assessments of the image of the world: "The world now" and "The world in 5 years"; a questionnaire scale of basic beliefs, a questionnaire for participation in volunteer activities. The data consists of 211 Russian students aged from 18 till 23 (M=19.7; SD=1.61). Among them are 91 (43.1%) men and 120 (56.9%) women. Significant differences in world image in present and future are revealed. The image in present is contradictory, characterized mainly negatively as unpredictable, uncontrollable, anxious, complex. The image of "The World in 5 years" is positive, characterized as meaningful, active, fair and reliable (t-Student criteria, р ≤ 0.02). The connection between the characteristics of the image of the world and basic assumptions, primarily with the perception of the justice of the world, has been established. The positive role of participation in volunteer activities of student youth for the formation of a positive image of the world is proved: world nowadays is regarded as more active, and in future more controlled and benevolent (t-Student criteria, р ≤ 0.02, and significant (t-Student criteria, р = 0.043).
Does Cultural Intelligence & Emotional Intelligence Differ by Region in India? A Comparative Study
Authors: Jeyavel S. , Subhasree G. , Vijyendra P. , Rajkumar E. , Eapen J.K. , Lakshmana G.
Published: September 2023

Students from various parts of India periodically migrate to universities for academic and professional reasons. They reflect various cultural diversities and have to overcome obstacles like intergroup prejudice and acculturative stress. Although these factors can differ by region, the response tendency may be influenced by their respective cultural intelligence/quotient (CQ) and emotional intelligence/quotient (EQ). The comparisons of CQ and EQ across students from significant regions of India, however, have never been recorded in a prior study. This study attempted to examine the level of CQ and EQ among students who were enrolled in educational institutions in Kalaburagi City, who belong to three major regions of India (North, South-East, and South-West). A total of 385 students between the ages of 18 and 31 (mean age: 20.56; standard deviation: 2.633) were recruited for the study. Surprisingly, there were significant geographical disparities in the use of emotions and metacognitive CQ. Compared to students from the other two regions, students from the south-eastern area performed better while using emotional EQ and scored less while using meta-cognitive CQ. The study deduced the plausible factors and potential explanations for CQ – EQ disparities and inter-regional acceptability among students from three major regions, which may be used to develop a CQ & EQ training program for usage across India's educational system.
Cultural-Historical Psychology of Mastering Activity and Alternatives to Digitalization
Authors: Gromyko Y.V.
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes approaches to education where digitalization does not hinder the development of thinking, understanding, and acting among the teenagers. The article is based on the premise backed by the cultural historical theory of Lev Vygotsky and the concept of mastering ways of thinking by Vasiliy Davydov that existing ways of digitalization decrease the developmental opportunities of teenagers. In the case of common-sense digitalization communication processes between teenagers, teachers and different adults are reduced to scripts of interaction with monitors or digital devices according to behavioristic scheme “stimulus- reaction”. These stereotypic interactive processes do not motivate teenagers to increase their level of situational awareness and understanding of others in social interactions. The operational uniformity, supported by algorithms, without stimulating the discovery of new elements and units in the actions of the students, and the excessive chaotic visibility, diverting their attention to eye-catching but not essential elements for a better insight into the learning problem in typical digital systems, reduce the ability of teenagers to master skills such as modelling and idealization. The author considers a different type of digitalization in education that gives an opportunity to master the ways of design activity, research activity and meta-game activity. In this instance proposed visual items and operational units in digitalized simulative milieu are analyzed and considered by teenagers in communication with teachers and peers as sense bearing symbols and schemes representing personal understanding of situation by different participants of a teamwork. The author proposes that conceptual instruments of the activity theory can be used as the new framework to design and to elaborate educational digital systems of next generation that stimulate development of intellectual abilities.
Online Higher Education On The Example Of The First University In The World: Open University of Catalonia (Personalized Teaching)
Authors: Lyutsko L.N.
Published: September 2023

Online education is transforming rapidly due to fast changes that occurs in a society, especially related to technological progress that allow to use networking and digitalisation of education. The Universitat Oberta de Catalonia (UOC), created in 1995, is an innovative university that is rooted in Catalonia and open to the world. It is the world's first university with a virtual campus, which allows its students to study at any time from any location. The UOC educational model, dynamic and flexible (designed to adapt and evolve constantly), is based on student mentoring and personalisation in e-learning. It promotes participation and collective knowledge building through an interdisciplinary and open approach to students' educational, social and working experience, but also personalised education. The UOC educational model incorporates collaborative or group learning, guided by tutors, who facilitate the educational process, through methodologies that involve problem-solving, participation in the development of projects, joint creation of products, discussion and investigation.
Psychological Help for Family after Suicide
Authors: Borisonik E.V.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. After suiced family go through a psychological crisis, relatives are at risk of developing symptoms of emotional distress. At the same time, stigmatization can interfere seeking informal help, which makes it important to provide psychological help to this group of clients. Purpose of the study. Examine various approaches to providing psychological help to relatives of suicides and highlight the targets of such interventions. Materials and methods. The article presents a literature review of foreign studies of the effectiveness of various formats of psychological help for the family of a suicide. Results. There are different forms of psychological help for relatives of suicides: individual, group and family psychotherapy. After a suicide attempt, more research are focus on family therapy, and after a completed suicide on group psychotherapy for relatives of a suicide. For family therapy of suicidal behavior, two approaches are the most developt – cognitive–behavioral and attachment–based psychotherapy. The goals of working with the family are to reduce conflict and criticism, increase cohesion, develop communication skills and stabilization of the emotional state of family members. Inclusion of the family in the therapy of patient after suicide attempt increases the effectiveness of treatment. Support groups have become the most popular format for helping relatives after a completed suicide. Among the goals of working with the grieving are opportunity to share difficult feelings, return control over life, reconstruction of the meaning of what happened, and stoping ruminations. Research shows the effectiveness of these interventions for coping with grief, reducing emotional lability and improving social adaptation. Conclusions. Relatives of suicidal people need opportune psychological help. The most common approach for psychological help is cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy, which has programs with proven effectiveness for both relatives after a suicide attempt and after a completed suicide.
Emotion Recognition by Facial Expression in Chemical Addiction: Pilot Study
Authors: Fediukovich E.I. , Trusova A.V.
Published: September 2023

Emotion recognition by facial expression is one of the components of the system of cognitive–emotional connections, and its study allows us to expand our understanding of emotion regulation disorders as a key link in the mechanism for the formation of addictive behavior. The aim of the study is to research the features of emotion recognition in people with chemical dependence. Methods. The study involved 36 people, including 18 participants with chemical dependence and 18 participants in the healthy controls. The experimental procedure for emotion recognition by facial expression was developed based on the Emotional Fascial Expression database (KDEF–dyn data base) and allows us to evaluate 6 basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise) in the dynamics of their display, the percentage of correct and wrong answers. Hierarchical multiple linear regression using gender, age, education level, level of anxiety and depression (HADS), general level of impulsivity (BIS–11) as control variables was used. Results. It has been shown patients with chemical dependence are characterized by impaired recognition of sadness and have misattributing disgust in the direction of sadness. Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the presence of emotion recognition disorders in chemical dependence in the Russian-speaking sample and can be used in the framework of psycho-corrective programs with an emphasis on interpersonal interaction.
Psychometric Properties of the Russian Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4, 10, 14)
Authors: Zolotareva A.A.
Published: September 2023

This study was aimed to adapt and analyze the psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in its full (PSS-14) and two short versions (PSS-10, PSS-4). Psychometric analysis of the Russian versions of the PSS was performed on a sample of 558 Russian-speaking respondents, including 278 men and 280 women aged 18 to 78 (M=48.10; SD=13.91). The participants completed the Russian versions of the PSS and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The factor validity of the PSS was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, which indicated a two-factor structure, including distress factor (direct-item scale) and coping factor (reverse-item scale). Perceived stress scores correlated positively on all versions of the PSS with psychological distress scores on the DASS-21. The internal reliability of the adapted scales was revealed by α-Cronbach’s coefficients, whose values were α=0.841 for PSS-14, α=0.831 for PSS-10, and α=0.703 for PSS-4. The known-groups validity was confirmed by the fact that women scored higher on perceived stress on the PSS-14, PSS-10, and PSS-4. In conclusion, the PSS-10 is preferred for research tasks and the PSS-4 can be used in time-limited testing conditions.
Experience of Approbation of the Psychoeducational Program for Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Bogacheva O.I. , Ivanov M.V. , Simashkova N.V.
Published: September 2023

The growing number of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) draws the attention of researchers to solving the problems of the family of a child with mental developmental disorders. The purpose of the pilot study was to approbate the psychoeducational program for parents raising children with ASD. The pilot study involved 75 families raising children aged 3 to 5 years with clinically verified diagnoses according to ICD-10 (F84.0x – childhood autism and F84.1x – atypical autism). The psychoeducational program was implemented with the children's parents in the form of group thematic seminars. The following methods were used in the study: Diagnosis of Attitudes towards a Child's Illness (DOBR; V.E. Kagan, I.P. Zhuravleva, 1991); Questionnaire-interview for Parents to Determine the Level of Awareness of the Child's Disease (M.V. Ivanov, O.I. Bogacheva, 2019); a Modified Parental Attitude Questionnaire for a Family Raising a Special Child (I.N. Galasyuk, O.V. Mitina, 2017); “Ways of Coping Checklist” R. Lazarus & S. Folkman (in Russian adapted by L.I. Wasserman, B.V. Iovlev, E.R. Isaeva, et al., 2009); a Questionnaire to Determine the Parenting Skills of Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities (V.V. Tkacheva, 2006). After completing the psychoeducational program, parents of children with ASD became more aware and accepting of the child's illness, and externality decreased. Parents became more aware of the role of various factors that can both cause the disease and exacerbate its course. The strategies aimed at actively solving problems associated with the child's illness and a positive reassessment of the situation have become the leading ways of parents’ coping. Parents have a greater awareness of their own role in the treatment and rehabilitation process and the further mental development of the child. The focus of parents’ attention has shifted from the negative to positive aspects of the current difficult situation, which makes it possible to look at it not only as a hopeless situation, but also as a source of motivation for action.
Open Defense of Scientific Works of Students as a Way to Promote the Problems of Hospital Pedagogy and Psychology
Authors: Kurtanova Yu.E.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the description of the event — public defense of research works of students of the Faculty of Clinical and Special Psychology of Moscow State University of Psychology & Education. The event is annual, it is held in cooperation with Moscow State University of Psychology & Education and the project of hospital schools in Russia "TeachKnow". The presented studies were carried out on the sites of hospital schools and are devoted to the peculiarities of psychological development and psychological and pedagogical support for children and adolescents undergoing long-term treatment.
Predictors of Proactive Coping in Early Adulthood: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Kuftyak E.V. , Bekhter A.A. , Philatova O.A. , Gazzaeva N.M. , Siukaeva E.G.
Published: September 2023

This work is aimed at identifying predictors of proactive coping as well as direct and indirect effects of reactive coping strategies and dispositional optimism on proactive coping. The data of empirical research of two samples, Russian and South Ossetian, is presented. The sample from Russia consisted of 97 students (75 women and 22 men) between the ages of 19 and 25 (Mage=20.31 years, SDage=1.80 years), and the sample from South Ossetia consisted of 103 students from Ossetia (57 women and 46 men) between the ages of 19 and 25 (Mage=21.60 years, SDage=1.81 years). Among the Russian respondents 97% identified themselves as Russians, among the Ossetian respondents 100% identified themselves as Ossetians. The study was conducted using the Life Orientation Test, the Coping Ways Questionnaire and the Proactive Coping Questionnaire. Analysis of the results suggests that fantasizing and relying on outside forces contribute negatively to Russian youth's proactive coping, while both seeking help from their social environment and confrontation contribute positively. Mediation analysis showed that confrontation weakens the relationship between fantasizing and proactive coping. For South Ossetian youth, gender and confrontation were significant predictors of proactive coping; in mediation analysis, confrontation suppressed self-blaming but increases the appeal for help to the social environment in the implementation of proactive coping. Ossetian young women, compared to Ossetian men, are less prone to confrontation and, consequently, do not build proactive coping around it. Thus, in terms of proactive overcoming, confrontation weakens the effect of fantasy and hopes for external forces among Russian youth, and self-blame among Ossetia youth.
The Influence of Experimental Conditions on the Subjective Assessment of Insightful Solution
Authors: Lazareva N.Yu. , Savinova A.D. , Chistopolskaya A.V.
Published: September 2023

This work is devoted to situational factors of experimental research influence on the insight assessment of problem solving. We considered such factors as the solution strategy (insightful, step-by-step), the form of problem presentation (visual, verbal), the solution independence (solution found by the participant or presented by the experimenter) and the solution speed (fast, slow). Understanding the impact of these factors on the insight assessment can contribute to both improving research practice and developing a unified theoretical model of insight and insightful solution. The studies included in this paper were carried out in various research approaches, with different materials, by different experimenters and under different experimental conditions. Danek and Wiley’s questionnaire was used for the insight assessment in all studies. According to the results, all the above situational factors have a significant impact on the differentiated subjective assessment of insightful solutions.
Peculiar Features of Interpersonal Relationships and Experiences of Loneliness in Adolescence Depending on the Gender Factor
Authors: Barmina P.S. , Nozikova N.V.
Published: September 2023

The social isolation strategy adopted to prevent the spread of disease during the COVID-19 pandemic along with continuous traumatic stress foregrounded experiences of loneliness. The empirical data on pecular features of experience of loneliness in conditions of social norms helps to arrange psychological support in extreme situations in life activities. The hypothesis of this research, carried out in October 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic, implies the existence of connection between interpersonal relationships, motives of affiliation and experience of loneliness in adolescence depending on the gender factor. The sample was based on secondary school students (n=60 people) aged 15—17 years (M = 16.6), 30 boys and 30 girls. Techniques: Differential Questionnaire of Loneliness, short version, E.N. Osin, D.A. Leontyev; Method of Subjective Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships, S.V. Dukhnovsky; Diagnostics of Affiliation Motives, A. Mehrabian, modified by M.Sh. Magomed-Eminov. No differences in the experience of loneliness depending on genderwere revealed in this sample. The girls' results revealed correlations of indicators oftension (r = 0.647; р ≤ 0.01); alienation (r = 0.705; р ≤ 0.01); aggression (r = 0.391; р ≤ 0.05); and general subjective assessment of interpersonal relationships(r = 0.611; р ≤ 0.01) with indicators of general level of loneliness. The boys' results identified correlations of indicators of tension (r = 0.426; р ≤ 0.05); proneness to conflict (r = 0.485; р ≤0.01); aggression (r = 0.404; р ≤ 0.05) and general subjective assessment of interpersonal relationships(r = 0.427; р ≤0.05) withdesire for isolation and its positive use; indicators of the affiliation motives (τ = 0.314; р ≤ 0.05) and dependence on communication to avoid loneliness. The obtained results determine the need to develop the characteristics of interpersonal communication to overcome negative consequences of experience of loneliness in conditions of social norms and in periods of extreme situations in human life activities.
Psychometric Properties of the Contour Drawing Rating Scale (Testing on a Russian Sample)
Authors: Zolotareva A.A.
Published: September 2023

Body image disorders are closely associated with eating disorders, suicidal thoughts and intentions. In foreign science and practice, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale (CDRS) by M. Thompson and J. Gray is widely used for diagnosing body image disorders. The purpose of the present study was to adapt the CDRS on a population sample of Russian-speaking respondents. Five hundred and sixty respondents completed the Russian-language versions of the CDRS, Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). To assess the convergent and concurrent validity of the Russian CDRS, the r-Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Sex and age differences in body image were examined using the Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that real and ideal body images according to the CDRS correlated statistically significantly with the EDI and DASS-21 scores, as well as reported weight and BMI. These findings proved the convergent and concurrent validity of the adapted instrument. Females and older respondents reported a greater discrepancy between real and ideal body images than did males and younger respondents. In conclusion, the Russian CDRS showed convergent and concurrent validity.
The Influence of a Reading Setup on Digital Reading Strategies in High School Students: Results of an Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Berlin Khenis A.A. , Puchkova A.N. , Lebedeva M.Yu. , Kupreshchenko O.F. , Veselovskaya T.S.
Published: September 2023

The paper aims to investigate the correlation between reading setup and digital reading strategies used by Russian schoolchildren. To study the influence of the reading setup factor, we conducted an eye-tracking study of high school students (N=66), which showed the dependence of digital reading strategies on the pre-reading task by experienced readers. The study showed that the pattern of skimming digital texts does not always appear explicitly, and revealed a significant influence on reading strategies of both reader's individual differences and the rhetorical organization of the text, as well as the reading task factor. The task of searching for specific information led to a more thorough primary reading of the entire text with fewer returns and transitions between the other semantic elements of the digital educational text. In the case of the text analysis task, the first reading was more cursory, but there was more jumping back and forth between paragraphs to establish the logical linkage of the text information. The influence of the reading setup on the digital reading strategy illustrates the importance of formulating the reading task correctly in order to ensure an effective digital reading experience.
Role of Causal Attribution and State Self-Esteem in Emergence of Brand Commitment
Authors: Rebzuev B.G. , Kalimov A.S.
Published: September 2023

Based on the analysis of Kisler's commitment model and Weiner's attribution theory, a hypothetical chain of events resulting in brand commitment was offered: focus of attention → causal dimension → self-esteem → commitment. Its existence was tested in two studies that manipulated the focus of attention of participants in order to strengthen the weight of one of the two causal dimensions, attribution of choice results to internal/external causes (Experiment 1) and attribution of choice results to stable/unstable causes (Experiment 2). 60 students (29 men) and 72 students (29 men), respectively participated in studies. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and path analysis and supported the existence of the assumed chain of events resulting in commitment in both studies. At the same time, as expected, such a chain of events was more pronounced in the situation of success in Experiment 1 and in the situation of failure in Experiment 2. The advantages of using the attribution theory to explain the commitment and prospects for further research in this area are discussed.
Russian Scale of Pro-Environmental Behavior: Development and Psychometric Assessment
Authors: Ivanova A.A. , Agissova F.B. , Sautkina E.V. , Kabanova V.S. , Patrakova N.A. , Ivande K.S.
Published: September 2023

Pro-environmental behavior largely depends on the socio-cultural context and the availability of specific infrastructure. Thus, the use of Western scales for measuring this behavior in Russia does not allow for in-depth analysis of both the variability of pro-environmental behavior and of the effects of its determinants. Current study aims to develop a scale of pro-environmental behavior using qualitative and quantitative methods: literature analysis (n = 61), semi-structured interviews (n = 65), as well as socio-psychological surveys (n1 = 542; n2 = 56; n3 = 462). Based on the obtained data, a five-factor scale of pro-environmental behavior was developed. The created scale consists of 23 questions and 5 categories: household waste management, social actions, resource conservation, green consumption, and climate (transport) actions.
The Attitude of Residents of the Metropolis to Personal and Public Transport
Authors: Ershova O.A.
Published: September 2023

The article is concerned with the analysis of modern international researches on the people’s attitude to personal and public transport. The article is aimed at a theoretical study of the attitude to personal and public transport abroad and is carried out by analyzing recent researches. Today, the perception of public transport by the society is burdened by the consequences of the experienced COVID-19 pandemic. “Rehabilitation” and expansion of public transport services in the minds of the population is one of the most important tasks of the transport services sector in modern megacities. Partly it helps to solve the service of "sharing" the car - car sharing and ride pooling, but the attitude of residents of megacities towards them is ambiguous. Nevertheless, these types of transport can be conditionally classified as public, as they allow reducing the share of personal vehicles on the roads of cities, providing more “secluded” and, therefore, safer travel conditions in terms of individual protection from spreading infectious diseases. At the same time, car sharing and ride pooling allow to maintain a safe psychological distance. Not many studies have been devoted to the study of various socio-psychological factors of a person's attitude to public transport and, in particular, car sharing, a number of them are based on the theory of planned behavior. Partially some of these factors are discussed in this article. The results of the analysis make it possible to identify the features of the attitude of public transport users to its new types - car sharing and ride pooling, to analyze its advantages and disadvantages from the point of view of residents of megacities.
Spatial representations and mental maps of drivers
Authors: Kurilovich A.N.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the study of spatial representations and mental maps of drivers. The analysis of national and foreign psychological and socio-psychological sources of literature in the chosen topic was carried out. The scheme of functioning of the representations of drivers based on the interaction between explicit, implicit long-term memory and working memory at the levels of attention and automatisms is given. The cycles of learning and search, learning and activation, cycles of attention control are singled out. Driver behavior is seen as knowledge-based, rule-based and skill-based. The history of the emergence and development of mental maps, the mechanisms for the formation of drivers' ideas and the potential for using mental maps as an evaluation and control tool for the psychological diagnosis of driver candidates are described. For further research on this topic, the article presents the advantages of mental maps as a control and evaluation tool, and provides “lines of analysis” for interpreting test results. The creation of a methodology for mental maps of drivers is able to satisfy the need for effective diagnostic and research methods aimed at determining the competence of drivers and identifying links between driving style and features of mental maps, as well as predicting the inclination to create accidents on the roads.
Features of Modern Diagnostic Tools for Attention and the Level of Working Capacity of Drivers
Authors: Ermolaev V.V. , Chetverikova A.I. , Voroncova J. , Nasonova D.K.
Published: September 2023

The achievement of the goals of the transport strategy of the Russian Federation, which assumes the realization of its transit potential within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, is inextricably linked with the development of diagnostic tools for the attention and working capacity of drivers to reduce the "weight" of the human factor in the accident. The purpose of the work is to review the features of modern tools of diagnosing attention and the level of drivers' working capacity. The results indicate that they are represented by two main groups. The first group is represented by diagnostic systems built into the car with unconfirmed validity, but with high manufacturability and efficiency. The second one is represented by means of psychophysiological diagnostics of the driver, which have high validity, but require significant financial costs, are characterized by low manufacturability and efficiency. The most promising are the systems for assessing the diagnosis of attention and level of working capacity in mobile applications for smartphones, as well as driver training systems based on virtual reality technology and high-tech means of recording attention indicators.
Occupational Stress Factors for Medical Personnel in the Context of COVID-19: Results of Foreign Studies
Authors: Kupchenko V.E.
Published: September 2023

The work is aimed at studying the phenomenon of occupational stress in physicians under the conditions of COVID-19. Currently, it is becoming increasingly important to study the factors of occupational stress in physicians. The article presents an analysis of the socio-demographic, organizational and personal factors of professional stress in physicians under the conditions of COVID-19. The analysis of foreign studies shows the significance of the factor of gender, nurse status and age, as well as the influence of working conditions, professional identity and personal variables on the level of experience of professional stress by doctors in the context of COVID-19. The data obtained in the studies makes it possible to understand the role of socio-demographic, organizational and personal factors, which is an important condition for organizing preventive and intervention measures. Female medical staff members, mainly in the status of nurses and under 50 years old who are working on the front line with infected patients are commonly subjected to occupational stress. Unhealthy perfectionism, pathological altruism, an exaggerated sense of responsibility becomes personal factors of professional stress in this category of physician. A low sense of professional identity is correlated with a high level of occupational stress, as well as a strong sense of occupational identity correlates with the experience of a situation of uncertainty