bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological Disorders of Fruit Crops
Authors: Savreet Sandhu , Gill Bikramjit Singh
Published: May 2023

Physiological or abiotic disorders are mainly caused by changing environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture, unbalanced soil nutrients, inadequate or excess of certain soil minerals, extremes of soil pH and poor drainage. The distinction between physiological or abiotic disorders from other disorders is that they are not caused by living organisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects, etc.), but they are the result of abiotic situations (inanimate) i.e. their agents are non-living in nature which causes deviation from normal growth. They results in physical or chemical changes in a plant which is far away from what is normal and is generally caused by an external factor. Non-infectious disorders in some cases are easy to identify, but others are difficult or even impossible to recognize. Most of them are non reversible once they have occurred. For the identification of physiological disorders it is important that one must know that: a) Physiological disorders are often caused by the deficiency or excess of something that supports life or by the presence of something that interferes with life. b) Physiological disorders can affect plants in all stages of their development. c) They are non-transmissible because they occur without or in absence of infectious agents. d) Plant reacts differently to the same agent and sometimes response is seen as a little reaction to death. e) Dealing with physiological disorders often means dealing with the consequences from a past event. f) Generally damaged and undamaged tissue is clearly demarcated. g) Physiological disorders not only causes damage themselves but also serve as the ‘open door’ (entry) for pathogens.
Parasitology: A Research Guide
Authors: Agrawal M.C.
Published: May 2023

Join research and be a celebrity: You are well aware about Galileo, Newton, Fleming, Edward Jenner, Charles Darwin, Ronald Rose etc who have born centuries ago but still remembered for their path breaking research. This is the power of research which is unparallel to any other profession. Sadly, our young generation is not well versed with research as career and have developed some wrong notions about it. If you are intelligent, diligent and wish to make some achievement in your life, why don’t join a research career. Even richest persons of the world (Noble, Ruther Ford, Billgate, Narain Murthy etc.) are those who made some innovations in their life. Alternatively, if you consider to pass life as a mission, you may join research in parasitic diseases, a less travelled path, which will help you to serve the humanity by finding some new ideas which will help in eradicating diseases of humans and his animals. This is the book which will provide you some details how you may join research activities in Parasitology and carry over research work in your life.
Microbes for Plant Stress Management (Co-Published With Crc Press,Uk)
Authors: Bagyaraj D.Joseph , Jamaluddin
Published: May 2023

This book is a compilation of some user-friendly analytical methods for characterizing soil physical, mineralogical and chemical properties as well as determining nutrient content of plant in a very lucid manner. The book not only describes the analytical methods in detail, but discusses the basic principle of the analysis as well as the relevant queries and their solution for the benefit of all users in general and the students in particular. The book has also discussed the principle of functioning of different analytical instruments used in soil and plant analysis and some easy understanding basic concepts of different analytical methods. The book will be useful to students of agricultural universities/institutes, scientists/technicians engaged in soil analysis laboratories.
Modern Biotechnology and Its Applications (Set of 2 Vols.)
Authors: Behera K.K.
Published: May 2023

Modern biotechnology excels the molecular techniques that use whole or parts of living organisms to produce or improve commercial products and processes. It is a rapidly evolving branch of natural sciences which started with the creation of the first recombinant gene thirty years ago. These techniques are used in many different ways, changing the way we live by improving the foods we eat, the beverages we drink, the clothes we wear, and the medicines we take. Modern Biotechnology encompass a continuously evolving methods or materials, from molecular techniques for generating energy to non-toxic cleaning products. It is that innovation which reduces waste by changing patterns of production and consumption through DNA engineering. The book Modern Biotechnology and its Applications in carries 32 s and covers most of the tools and technology developed by our distinguished scientists mainly focusing, how to save the planet Earth through production and productivity by applying the knowledge of modern technology. The objective of the book is to highlight the exploration and development of biotechnological tools and techniques for the social welfare.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants
Authors: Jain Vanitha , Ananda Kumar P.
Published: May 2023

Nitrogen fertilizers are necessary to enhance agricultural production and to sustain food security. However, their inefficient use accrues from inherent limitations of the crop plants as well as the manner in which N fertilizers are formulated, applied and managed. The main aim of the book is to assess the various aspects of the fate of fertilizer N in context of the overall N inputs to agricultural systems, with a view to enhance the efficiency of nitrogen use and reduce the negative impacts on environment. The cross cutting issues relate to improvement in nitrogen use by emerging technologies (genetic enhancement, QTL mapping), meeting N needs by understanding its interactions with other nutrients, and mitigation of nitrogen losses caused by environmental factors and management practices. Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants develops links between basic and applied research and practical crop production by addressing a wide range of topics relating to nitrogen use efficiency, and to plant and crop responses to applications of nitrogen via fertilizers, including nitrogen acquisition and reduction, molecular approaches, nitrate induction and signaling; and nitrogen use under abiotic stresses. Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants is an invaluable classroom aid for academics working in plant physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, molecular breeding and agronomy, and an essential professional resource for researchers working in plant and crop systems as it provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary description of problems related to the efficient use of nitrogen in agriculture.
Microbial Diversity and Its Applications
Authors: Barbudde S.B. , Ramesh R. , Singh N.P.
Published: May 2023

MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONS: Since their very first appearance on this planet, the microorganisms have benefitted our society in many ways. They are supposed to be the simplest but most versatile and talented products of evolution. They thrive in habitats extremely hostile to human life and are infinitely more skilled than any human chemist in their synthetic activities. Their rich diversity and their functional aspects make them indispensable components of our ecosystems. This book has been published on the eve of 75th Birth Day of Prof. Sudhir Chandra, Former Head and Emeritus Professor, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, who is well known for his concern to the microbes and made significant contributions in exploring their beneficial activities in different ecosystems. The book contains 31 articles written by distinguished scientists of the country having expertise in dealing with the microbes and exploiting their potential for the benefits of mankind. The articles included in the book are thought provocating and deals with: o the topics of Taxonomy, Diversity and Applications of VAM fungi in different Ecosystems o    Applications of Microbial Technology for Treatment of effluents of a Gelatine Factory, Biodiversity of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Trichoderma, o    Useful microbes of Mangrove Ecosystem, Extremophiles, PGPRs, Phytotoxins, Litter decomposition, Biopesticides, Botanical Pesticides, biofertilizers and so many others including major concerns about the Evolution and Conservation of Microbial Biodiversity. o    All the articles written by the authors are original, timely and appropriate.
Mobile Phones for Agricultural Extension
Authors: Saravanan R.
Published: May 2023

Mobile phones are revolutionised the communication process and becoming all-in-one magical device for anytime and anywhere communication. The last decade has seen a flourish in the number of mobile based agro-advisory service initiatives in the developing countries and more are added regularly in some part of the world. Services that started with farmers help-lines accessed through landlines and messages (SMS) have evolved slowly to multimodal and multimedia based delivery of advisory and to m-agriculture applications for smartphones. In this rapidly changing m-Agriculture scenario, this book is an attempt to document the evolution of mobile phone based agro-advisory services around the world. The content of the book comprises of country s on mobile phone applications for agricultural extension from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe along with s on global review on m-agriculture initiatives, content generation process and socio-economic impact of mobile phone based agro-advisory services. This book delves into the development of mobile phone based agro-advisory and their content, delivery mode, business model and utility and provides an insight into the evolution of mobile phones as an extension tool in different countries across the globe. The book will provide valuable insights on m-agriculture initiatives for agricultural extension around the world to agricultural students, extension professionals, researchers and policy makers across the globe both for understanding them and working on them. The lessons from the m-agriculture initiatives can guide the mode of implementation and evolution of mobile based advisory services in agriculture.
Microbes for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems (Co-Published With Crc Press,Uk)
Authors: Bagyaraj D.Joseph , Jamaluddin
Published: May 2023

It is predicted that the world population will reach about 9.7 billion by the year 2050 and to feed this population the food production has to be increased proportionately. Further we are all concerned about climate which in turn results in abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, etc. These abiotic stresses will seriously affect crop productivity. This approach has gained popularity in the recent years and seems to be a potential option for the future. The present book brings out the role of different groups of microorganisms in alleviating abiotic stress in crop plants.
Microbial Diversity and Functions
Authors: Bagyaraj D.J. , Tilak K.
Published: May 2023

The umbrella of microbial biotechnology in agriculture covers numerous scientific activities, ranging from production of biofertilizers to that of microbial pesticides; from biological nitrogen fixation to ligno-cellulose degradation; from production of biomass and bio-fuels to transgenic plants. The object of this book is to cover comprehensively different groups of microorganisms used for sustained productivity of plants important in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. The readers may appreciate the potential and fascination of biotechnological approaches used for utilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture, horticulture and forestry. The book is a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the subject. The book will be useful to students, teachers and researchers interested in microbiology, biotechnology, natural resource management, organic farming and sustainable agriculture, horticulture and forestry.
Mineral Exploration: Recent Strategies
Authors: Rajendran S
Published: May 2023

Modern mineral exploration is the Modern Hunting of the Solid Earth". It provides a vital bridging between mineral explorations coupled with committed intellectual investment. Mineral explorers like: geochemists, geophysists, geomatists, geo-technical engineers, mineral chemists, environmental scientists, ceramic engineers, metallurgists and business communities with diverse range of interests and in training the experts of specific research needs. This volume covers major areas like: Mineral resources. Modern techniques for exploration of resources. Exploration and exploitation of water resources. Environmental studies. Economic development. This collection of illustrations with maps, photographs, figures, satellite images, colour photographs and tables will be found beneficial to students, researchers, field professionals and to decision makers." (jacket)
Numericals on Farm Power and Machinery Engineering (With Solutions)
Authors: Shakya B.Hitesh
Published: May 2023

The book covers recent trends in Farm Machinery, Farm Power, Renewable energy and Engineering Mechanics. It will be beneficial to students of B.Tech (Agriculture Engineering), M.Tech. (Farm Machinery & Power as well as Renewable Energy).
Ornamental Horticulture
Authors: Sindhu S.S.
Published: May 2023

‘Applied Ornamental Horticulture’ consists of 16 s authored by 18 eminent working scientists related to various applied fields of Ornamental Horticulture. A highly illustrated book, comprising over 75 colored pictures, it is unique in its exhaustive coverage,content and structure. The book not only provides the concept but gives on hand information related to all day today practical aspects of applied ornamental horticulture. It is difficult to provide universally valid recommendations for agronomic and cultural practices for all the ornamental plants as they are grown under different ecological and soil conditions in different climatic zones. However, the general cultural practices like soil and water requirements, planting time and depths; fertilizing, mulching, flowering season, storage and insight about the applied aspects of ornamental horticulture are given for each, although it varies from region to region and under different growing conditions and climate. The book has covered various aspects of gardening and Landscape planning. . All the s are very comprehensive and informative for day today activities in our daily gardening ventures. The book will be useful to students , city dwellers and scholars of Horticulture.The book is a ready reckoner to house wifes and is an essential table book.Transition of conventional gardening to virtual digital garden is indicated and at no point of time and space, natural divine garden can be replaced by digital virtual gardens.Garden has life while virtual garden is insensitive.
Pest Management and Residual Analysis in Horticultural Crops
Authors: Gulati Rachna , Kumari Beena
Published: May 2023

The book is intended to provide a clear overview on the management of pests and diseases of horticulture crops, associated soil and beneficial fauna, residue status of pesticides and their estimation techniques. It is divided in four parts: Part I explain the practices followed in the pest management of horticulture crops. s include pest status of insects, mites, rodents, and diseases in fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, spices and mushrooms and their management. Different aspects of biological, cultural, and mechanical controls are also highlighted. Harmful and beneficial soil fauna associated with horticulture crops are dealt in Part II. Keeping in view the potential of beneficial organisms, the effects of pesticides on predators, parasites and pollinators have also been discussed in this section. The recent scientific developments related to residue status in vegetables, fruits and spices are provided in Part III. Part IV includes the residue estimation techniques of various pesticides.
Objective Agronomy
Authors: Vishwakarma A.
Published: May 2023

"Agronomy is such science of agriculture as encompassing all the branches of it. The main focus of agriculture is also agronomy. Therefore the soul of agriculture is agronomy and its knowledge is essential at all levels and intensity. The book is best suited to those students preparing for competitive exams such as JRF, SRF, IARI entrance exam, civil services, ARS and host of other exam being conducted by the Universities in agronomy. Hope that the book will be of immense benefit to all those users aiming to further their career in agronomy."
Ornamental Plants
Authors: Sabina George
Published: May 2023

“This is a sincere effort to record the major ornamental plants raised in gardens and landscapes of today. The main classes of plants are described in the introductory . The subsequent s list the plants in the order of their habitat. The information includes scientific name, common name and the family to which the plants belong, a brief description and ornamental features. A comprehensive account of trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, creepers and taxonomic groups that share characteristics such as bulbous plants, cacti, succulents, bromeliads, ferns and their allies, grasses, bamboos, sedges as well as ornamental water garden plants are given. Flowering and foliage trees of gardens of the tropics and subtropics and the popular deciduous trees and coniferous trees of the temperate zone are dealt separately. Among shrubs, dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous flowering and foliage shrubs as well as temperate region species suited for the hilly regions of India are included. Importance has been given to annual and perennial herbs grown in tropical and temperate regions. Climbers and creepers popularly grown in tropical gardens are listed. Among specialized plant groups, they are more commonly grown plants and those with outstanding ornamental features are selected. A brief account of planting and tips on their care and management are given. The book includes around 250 colour photographs and an index of the scientific names and families. The author has prepared this volume for the enlightened and keen enthusia to serve as guide for identifying garden plants and for selecting ornamentals to suit different locations under varied climatic conditions.”
Plant Breeding and Genetics
Authors: Ram Hari Har
Published: May 2023

The present book entitled “Plant Breeding and Genetics” deals with basic principles of plant breeding and genetics and is intended to serve as a text book for undergraduate students of B. Sc. Agriculture/B. Sc. Horticulture/B. Sc. Forestry/B. Sc. Fisheries/B. V. Sc. and A. H./B. Sc. Biotechnology/B. Sc. Biology. Since several chapters especially those dealing with statistical and biotechnological applications overlap considerably in plant breeding and genetics, this combined book will serve the needs of students undergoing a course in undergraduate genetics and/or plant breeding. Each chapter starts with definition and explanation of key terms, dwells upon the core issues of the chapter, using solved numerical problems and illustrations, wherever needed. At the end, there is a comprehensive glossary which is uated with modern developments. The book will be quite handy to UG students and even PG students will find it useful for understanding fundamentals of plant breeding and genetics
Milk of Non Bovine Mammals: Chemistry and Health Benefits
Authors: Das Anamika , Hazra Tanmay
Published: May 2023

Processing of milk into various dairy foods, i.e. Dairy Technology is underpinned by disciplines such as chemistry and biochemistry, microbiology and process engineering. Strong emphasis on public health aspects and product quality demands that proper attention be given to the points in the production and processing chain where both pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms can be controlled effectively. Keeping above points in view, a very comprehensive book has been written encompassing entire gamuts of chemical, physical and microbiological characteristics of milk, processing and preservation of milk. The main objective of the book is to provide the latest information in a consolidated form at one point to meet the requirements of not only undergraduate and postgraduates students but also teachers and dairy professionals.
Plant Breeding: Theory and Practice: 2Nd Restructured Ed.
Authors: Chopra V.L.
Published: May 2023

Over time, developments in the science of genetics have been explosive and of far reaching significance. Major gains for productivity increase and incorporation of many agronomic traits of crop varieties have, however, primarily accrued from conventional breeding effort. While in the pre-Mendelian era plant breeding was purely an art with its success depending solely on intuition and doggedness of the breeder, the present generation of plant breeders successfully utilise genetic principles on which plant breeding methods are based. The book “Plant Breeding” provides theoretical concepts and practical procedures for appreciation and practice of plant breeding. It is, in particular, directed to the use of students and practicing plant breeders in countries of the Southern hemisphere because it provides examples relevant to their own agriculture. The topics covered include: genetic principles; plant breeding concepts and methods for self- and cross-pollinated crops; crops propagated by vegetative means; vegetable crops, forage crops, fruit and forest trees; breeding for disease resistance; breeding for quality traits; mutation breeding; examples of some innovative approaches to crop improvement and plant genetic resources. Each topic has been written by acclaimed scientists specialising in the particular area and the treatment, therefore, bears a mark of authenticity.
Modern Technology in Vegetable Production
Authors: Hazra Pranab
Published: May 2023

The challenges of increasing vegetable productivity against unfortunate diminishing soil fertility natural resources particularly land and water and rising cost of vegetable production call for greater technology support. This book deals with classification of different vegetable crops basic principles of different crop management practices viz, seedling management water management plant nutrient management pollination management IPM techniques integrated disease management biological management of diseases and weed management and modern production technologies of 29 important vegetable crops. Unique feature of this book lay on 190 coloured photographs on four important aspects of vegetable production viz, nursery management physiological disorder disease and insect pests of different vegetables crops. This type book dealing with modern vegetable production technology with extensive photographic documentation is the new addition in the teaching and demonstrative field of vegetable science. This book will be extremely beneficial not only for the students but also for the faculty members of the colleges and University technical personnel of the commercial vegetable farms planners extension and development officers and even nutritionists and dieticians will also get benefit from this book."
Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology: 2Nd Revised and Enlarged Editionan
Authors: Singh D.K.
Published: May 2023

The book entitled “Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology” is compilation of almost all the varieties developed from various SAUs, research centres and private seed companies, their characteristic features and the production technology involved in raising the vegetable crops. The book also contains few introductory chapters regarding the different vegetables grown in India, their area and production, nutritional aspect of vegetables and research done in the field of vegetable till date. The book consist of three introductory chapters viz., (1) vegetable crops, (2) nutritional importance of vegetable and (3) vegetable research in India –a brief background the other part of the book consists of nine chapters viz., (1) solanaceous vegetables (2) okra, (3) cole crops (4) cucurbitaceous vegetables (5) peas and beans (6) bulb crops (7) root crops (8) leafy vegetables and (9) asparagus (10) Hi-Tech vegetable production technology. Each of these chapters includes the vegetable varieties and production technology of respective crops. This would be helpful to the teachers, scientists, students, extension workers and farmers of this country
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology: Microbial Methods
Authors: Parakhia M.V.
Published: May 2023

Though microbes are small; at molecular level all of them are complicated entities. Microbial methods described in "Molecular Biology and Biotechnology" cover most of the laboratory protocols and practical essential for the research and teaching the same. This text consists of 370 divided into 36 s followed by detailed glossary. It's a good companion for microbiology researchers, teachers and students
Phytochemicals in Fruits and Their Therapeutic Properties
Authors: Narayana C.K.
Published: May 2023

The book provides information on importance of fruits in human nutrition and role of Phytochemicals in correcting several disorders and prevention of lifestyle diseases. The scientific information generated by researchers on effect of phytochemicals in prevention and management of diseases have to be compiled and presented lucidly. The book links the traditional knowledge available on each fruit crop regarding their curative properties and the information on their scientific validations. The contents have been organized crop wise in a logical sequence, with references at the end of each chapter for further reading and better understanding of the subject. The book will spark interest in the students/researchers/scientists and common man alike to probe more into the nature's marvel called “fruits” and the God's gift to the mankind.
Numerical Methods
Authors: Goel Atul
Published: May 2023

The book covers numerical aspects of Farm Power and Farm Machinery as a whole which will be beneficial to the students of B.E./B.Tech. (Agricultural Engineering), M.E./M.Tech. (Farm Machinery and Power Engineering). This will be also helpful to the under graduate students of agriculture and horticulture with polytechnic courses of agricultural engineering, agriculture and horticulture subjects running in the different SAU’S. In this book numerous solved examples of all the major sub-topics of Farm Power & Machinery Engineering subject are given in two main sections (i) Farm Machinery and (ii) Farm Power. Farm machinery is divided into sub-section like useful formulas and equations related to farm machinery, tillage implements, sowing and planting implements, plant protection implements, harvesting and threshing machineries, other farm machineries etc. and Farm power section is also divided into sub-sections like useful formulas and equations related to farm power, engine power, transmission system, engine components, tractors, other sources of power etc.
Phytochemicals in Vegetables and Their Therapeutic Properties
Authors: Narayana C.K.
Published: May 2023

This book contains information on plant-based nutrients and phytochemicals in vegetable crops that are commonly consumed. The information generated by researchers using modern methods of biochemical analysis and, results mostly validated using cell line cultures or animal models, and to a limited extent on human volunteers have been presented. The vegetable crops have been grouped based on the family they belong to, because most often members of same family have similar biomolecules as active ingredients and have similar effects on health. The book will help the students/ researchers/ scientists and common man alike to look at the vegetables as protective foods not just because it is said so, but with a scientific explanation.
Oilseed Crops
Authors: Prasad MVR
Published: May 2023

"Oilseed crops are a heterogeneous group of plants without common morphological and genetic features except production of seed oil. Nevertheless, the importance of the seed oil or vegetable fat, has resulted in increased scientific interest in improving the yield and quality of the produce. The Oilseeds sector has been one of the most dynamic components of world agriculture; in the past three decades growing at 4.1% per annum surpassing the growth of agriculture and livestock products. The individual crops forming the conglomerate of Oilseed crops have to be treated differently as well as together for their improvement and production, since they form unique group in terms of research and development, necessitating the development of strategies for their judicious exploitation for a sound farm economy. This book “Oilseed Crops” aims to provide detailed information on the oilseed crops and at the same time elucidating the intricacies faced in improvement and management. Spread over thirteen Chapters, the book covers the oilseed crops, namely, Groundnut, Rapeseed-mustard, Soybean, Sesame, Sunflower, Safflower, Niger, Linseed, Castor and Oil-bearing Trees. Each Chapter includes information on the 'Background of the Plant,' 'Ecology,' 'Cytogenetics,' 'Genetic Resources and Breeding,' 'Biotechnology,' 'Important Characteristics,' 'Diseases and Pests of the Crop,' 'Production' and 'Products' from the crop. 'Designer Oilseed Crops' is a new concept for the development of novel products of vegetable fats using biotechnology, gene editing and genetic transformation. The book will be useful to researchers, students, agricultural extensionists and all those taking up study of Oilseed Crops. "
Organic Farming and Modern Technology in Agriculture
Authors: Jain Amit Kumar , Panwar JDS
Published: May 2023

"A perspective on organic agriculture has been presented in the book based on the available information in a cogent and easily understandable manner. In the book, there are 8 chapters oriented towards organic agriculture, environmental, income aspects and modernization in farming practices. Initially, the book provides an overall status of organic farming followed by biofertilizers i.e. granular, liquid and vermicomposting. Different views on various aspects of integrated agricultural management systems, double income of farmers, agricultural technological innovations are furthermore discussed with a focus on technological innovations. Finally, a vision was discussed on transformational role of digital technologies in agriculture. Researcher, teachers, academics and students in the agricultural field in particular will find this book to be of immense use."
Orthopedics Research in Small Animals
Authors: Maiti Swapan Kumar
Published: May 2023

"This book covers most of the topics with latest information on bone in general and research on bone healing in particular. The book is divided into 27 chapters covering almost all aspect of orthopaedic research in small and lab animals including basic knowledge about bone; fracture types and fracture healing; bone grafts and bone substitute; internal fracture fixation; external fracture fixation; bone morphogenetic protein; transforming growth factors; role of mesenchymal stem cell in osteoinduction; fracture healing in critical sized bone defect and in very large bone defect, effect of herb and herbal product in fracture healing, role of different hormones, anabolic steroid, NSAID drug, bone wax, ultrasound in fracture healing; minimal invasive fracture repair; management of comminuted femoral and tibial metaphyseal fracture; endocrine role of fracture healing; evaluation of bone graft, ceramic biomaterials in fracture healing and physiotherapy of orthopedic patients. This book includes different research findings on application of herb, herbal product, bone graft, ceramic biomaterials, mesenchymal stem cells, and different osteoinducers in bone regeneration. The main objective of this book is to provide the latest information to meet the requirements of not only undergraduate and post graduates research scholars but also to the teachers, biologists and clinician involved in animal treatment and orthopaedic research. The book contains more than 150 good quality photographs of internal fixation techniques, x-ray, undecalcified ground sections, scanning electron microscopy, 3-D CT scan, histopathogical stained sections used in different orthopaedic interventions. This book would be of immense use to the students, teachers and research scholars engaged in the field of orthopaedic research."
Clinical characteristics and prognostic nomogram analysis of patients with dual primary cancers with first gastric cancer: a retrospective study in China
Authors: Wang Bing , Liu Lu
Published: May 2023

Background

With the improvement in diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer (GC), the survival time of patients has been gradually prolonged. However, these survivors are at increased risk for other diseases, including second primary cancers (SPCs). Currently, there remain few central studies concerning double primary cancers with first gastric cancer (DPCFGC). Thus, this study aimed to investigate these patients’ clinical characteristics and perform prognostic nomogram analysis.

Methods

The clinical data of 78 DPCFGC patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed through the hospital electronic medical record system. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to screen independent risk factors, based on which the prognostic nomogram was further constructed and validated using the R software package. Finally, Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted to explore the association of overall survival (OS) with prognostic factors and the model.

Results

The prevalence of DPCFGC was 0.86%, of which the proportions of synchronous and metachronous patients were 47.44% and 52.56% , respectively; 65.38% (51/78) and 34.62% (27/78) of patients were male and female, respectively. The median age at GC and SPC diagnosis was 63 and 65 years, respectively, and 52.57% of GC patients developed SPCs within 1 year. The top three SPCs were in the esophagus (19.24%), colon (16.67%), and rectum (15.39%). The most common features of GC and SPCs were adenocarcinoma, poorly and moderately differentiated histology, and pathological stages I and II. The radical resection rate of GC was significantly lower in synchronous patients than in metachronous patients (45.94% vs. 100.00%, P < 0.001), but no significant difference was noted in the radical resection rate of SPCs (35.13% vs. 46.34%, P = 0.315). The OS of DPCFGC patients was 31.03 ±  4.14 months. The pathological stage of GC and SPCs, whether to operate for GC, and diagnostic interval were independent risk factors. The predictive efficacy of the prognostic nomogram for 1-, 2- and 3-year OS in DPCFGC patients was 0.922, 0.935 and 0.796 , respectively, with good consistency and clinical applicability. The OS was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group.

Conclusions

During follow-up, clinicians should attach great importance to the screening of GC survivors, especially at early stage in older men within 1 year after diagnosis, and be alert to the possibility of occurrent digestive system malignancies. The nomogram constructed in this study can provide a theoretical basis for the early clinical development of individualized treatment plans.
Behind the Uniform: Police Violence and Abuse before EndSARS Protests in Nigeria (1999-2020)
Authors: Chinedu Ukachukwu, Chukwuma
Published: May 2023

This study explores the violence and abuse by personnel of the Nigeria Police before the EndSARS protests in Nigeria in October, 2020. Adopting the library research method, the study made use of documentary evidence from reports of reputable organizations, journals, working papers and newspaper articles to highlight that despite the existence of the constitution, international conventions, Police Codes, etc which are instituted and deployed to regulate the conduct of Nigeria Police, police violence and abuse of citizen’s rights were rampant and widespread before the EndSARS protests. It was found that while it may be considered that poor governance and poor funding contributed to Police violence and abuse in Nigeria, the root cause is situated in the history of having served as the instrument by which colonialists perpetrated the culture exploitation of Nigeria through violence, brutality, abuse and gross violation. It recommends the adoption of strategic police reforms that will emphasize re-orientation of the police in Nigeria through concerted training and re-training programs to wean it off the colonial vestiges of class inequalities and contradictions in the exercise of its powers. This will vitiate the usual resort to gross violation, the culture that encourages violence and rights abuse and make the Nigeria Police not just an efficient and effective body, but also a trusted and affective partner in security and nation building.
Effect of Different Levels of Pruning Intensity and Foliar Feeding of NAA on Growth, Yield and Quality Attributes of Phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.) cv. Sharbati
Authors: Verma Rajat , Dwivedi A. K. , Tripathi V. K. , Awasthi Manuj
Published: May 2023

Two factors of different levels of pruning intensities, i.e. 40cm, 60cm and 80cm from ground level, with foliar feeding of NAA concentrations, i.e. 100ppm, 150ppm and 200ppm, were tried to investigate their effects on growth, yield and quality attributes of phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.)cv. Sharbati, conducted at Horticulture Garden, Department of Fruit Science, C.S.A.U.A.T., Kanpur, (U.P). The results showed significant effects on the maximum number of shoots per plant(5.62), shoot length(140.69 cm), number of fruits/node (10.90), length of fruit (2.27 cm), 100 fruitweight (60.55g), yield per plant(3.65kg), juice content(54.51%), T.S.S. (16.660B), reducing sugars (9.20%), non-reducing sugars (4.25%), total sugars (13.45%), titratable acidity(1.84%) and ascorbic acid (35.51 mg) per100 g fruit pulp were observed on spray of NAA @ 200 ppm with 40 cm pruning intensity from ground level. Hence concluded from the results in phalsa plants cv. Sharbati,spray of 200 ppm NAA with pruning at 40 cm from ground level was most effective for improving growth, yield and quality attributes.
The Cynicism of the Seronegative
Authors: Carroll Mark F.
Published: May 2023

A physician in his 60s describes his path to a diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, which included completely normal laboratory results.
Association of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination or Infection With Bell Palsy
Authors: Rafati Ali , Pasebani Yeganeh , Jameie Melika , Yang Yuchen , Jameie Mana , Ilkhani Saba , Amanollahi Mobina , Sakhaei Delaram , Rahimlou Mehran , Kheradmand Amir
Published: April 2023

Importance

Bell palsy (BP) has been reported as an adverse event following the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, but neither a causative relationship nor a higher prevalence than in the general population has been established.

Objective

To compare the incidence of BP in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients vs unvaccinated individuals or placebo recipients.

Data Sources

A systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from the inception of the COVID-19 report (December 2019) to August 15, 2022.

Study Selection

Articles reporting BP incidence with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and was conducted with the random- and fixed-effect models using the Mantel-Haenszel method. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcomes of interest were to compare BP incidence among (1) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients, (2) nonrecipients in the placebo or unvaccinated cohorts, (3) different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and (4) SARS-CoV-2–infected vs SARS-CoV-2–vaccinated individuals.

Results

Fifty studies were included, of which 17 entered the quantitative synthesis. Pooling 4 phase 3 randomized clinical trials showed significantly higher BP in recipients of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (77 525 vaccine recipients vs 66 682 placebo recipients; odds ratio [OR], 3.00; 95% CI, 1.10-8.18; I2 = 0%). There was, however, no significant increase in BP after administration of the messenger RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in pooling 8 observational studies (13 518 026 doses vs 13 510 701 unvaccinated; OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.42-1.16; I2 = 94%). No significant difference was found in BP among 22 978 880 first-dose recipients of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine compared with 22 978 880 first-dose recipients of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.82-1.15; I2 = 0%). Bell palsy was significantly more common after SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 2 822 072) than after SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations (n = 37 912 410) (relative risk, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.57-6.62; I2 = 95%).

Conclusions and Relevance

This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests a higher incidence of BP among SARS-CoV-2–vaccinated vs placebo groups. The occurrence of BP did not differ significantly between recipients of the Pfizer/BioNTech vs Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 infection posed a significantly greater risk for BP than SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
International Collaboration Trends in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Stanford-Moore Gaelen B. , Canick Julia , Kaplan Samantha , Lee Walter T.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Research in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS) in the global health setting, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is increasing year by year. As this work progresses, it will be crucial to include voices and perspectives of individuals living in the LMICs being studied.

Objective

To characterize and understand international collaborations in published literature on FPRS care in a global health setting and report patterns in whether these articles included authors from the LMICs in which the studies took place.

Evidence Review

A systematic bibliometric scoping review of articles in Scopus from 1971 to 2022 was performed using a set list of search terms; studies were included using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies met criteria for inclusion if the abstract or text contained information regarding surgeons from a different country performing surgery or conducting research in an LMIC within the domain of FPRS. Exclusion criteria were studies that did not mention a facial plastic or reconstructive surgery and studies where both an HIC and LMIC were not mentioned.

Findings

A total of 286 studies met criteria for inclusion. The highest percentage of studies (n = 72, 25.2%) were conducted across multiple countries. A total of 120 studies (41.9%) discussed cleft lip/palate. Overall, 141 studies (49.5%) included at least 1 author from the host LMIC; 89 (31.1%) had first authors from LMICs, and 72 (25.2%) had senior authors from LMICs. A total of 79 studies (27.6%) described humanitarian clinical service trips without mentioning research or education in the text. The remaining studies described research, education projects, or a combination. The published literature on humanitarian service trips had the lowest rate of inclusion of a first or senior author from the host LMICs.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic bibliometric scoping review, findings showed a general trend of increased international work in the field of FPRS. However, there continues to be a paucity of inclusive authorship trends, with the majority of studies not including first or senior authors from LMICs. The findings presented here encourage new collaborations worldwide, as well as the improvement of existing efforts.
Ferroelectric Control of Polarity of the Spin‐polarized Current in Van Der Waals Multiferroic Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Xiwen , Zhou Zhaobo , Yu Xing , Guo Yilv , Chen Yunfei , Wang Jinlan
Published: April 2023

Ferroelectric (FE) control of magnetism at nanoscale, for instance, FE control of the polarity of spin‐polarized current is crucial for technological advances in magnetoelectric and spintronic applications. However, this fascinating functionality has not been reported in nanoscale systems yet. Herein, a new class of FE/A‐type antiferromagnetic heterobilayer/FE van der Waals (vdW) multiferroic structures is found, in which the FE control of polarity of spin‐polarized current is found possible. Take Sc2CO2/CrSiTe3/CrGeTe3/Sc2CO2 heterostructure as a successful example. First‐principles calculations reveal that its polarity of half‐metallicity can be switched by flipping the FE polarization orientation. Meanwhile, device transport simulation shows that its up/down spin current transmission ratio is as large as 0.1 × 103 at Sc2CO2 configuration and is only 2.6 × 10−3 at Sc2CO2 configuration in the vdW multiferroic heterostructures. Essentially, it stems from the reversible FE switch of the internal electric field across the CrSiTe3/CrGeTe3 heterobilayer and the FE control of the interfacial effect between Sc2CO2 and Cr(Si/Ge)Te3 layers. This work opens a direction for constructing low‐energy‐dissipation, non‐volatile, and high‐sensitive spintronic devices such as spin field‐effect transistors.
Simulation of Cortical and Cancellous Bone to Accelerate Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Fan Zhihai , Liu Hongxiang , Ding Zhaozhao , Xiao Liying , Lu Qiang , Kaplan David L
Published: April 2023

Different tissues have complex anisotropic structures to support biological functions. Mimicking these complex structures in vitro remains a challenge in biomaterials designs. Here, inspired by different types of silk nanofibers, a composite materials strategy is pursued toward this challenge. A combination of fabrication methods is utilized to achieve separate control of amorphous and beta‐sheet rich silk nanofibers in the same solution. Aqueous solutions containing two types of silk nanofibers are simultaneously treated with an electric field and with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). Under these conditions, the beta‐sheet rich silk nanofibers in the mixture responded to the electric field while the amorphous nanofibers are active in the crosslinking process with the EGDE. As a result, cryogels with anisotropic structures are prepared, including mimics for cortical‐ and cancellous‐like bone biomaterials as a complex osteoinductive niche. In vitro studies revealed that mechanical cues of the cryogels induced osteodifferentiation of stem cells while the anisotropy inside the cryogels influenced immune reactions of macrophages. These bioactive cryogels also stimulated improved bone regeneration in vivo through modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis responses, suggesting an effective strategy to develop bioactive matrices with complex anisotropic structures beneficial to tissue regeneration.
Drug Self‐Delivery Nanocubes Enhance O2‐Economized Photodynamic‐Immunotherapy of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer by Downregulating Wnt/β‐catenin Signaling
Authors: Feng Xianquan , Zhang Jialiang , Wu Lina , Lin Wanjing , Liu Zhihong , Zhou Xin , Qi Yang , Chen Zhenzhen , Zeng Lingjun , Zheng Changqing , Hu Xiaomu , Zhang Qian , Song Hongtao
Published: April 2023

Although the combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can treat triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), the severe effects of chemotherapy on immune cells significantly reduce the efficacy of the ICIs. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with high selectivity is an alternative to chemotherapy that can also effectively treat hypoxic TNBC. However, high levels of immunosuppressive cells, and low infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) limit the efficacy of PDT combined with ICIs. This study aims to evaluate the role of drug self‐delivery nanocubes (ATO/PpIX‐SMN) combined with anti‐PD‐L1 in TNBC treatment. Anti‐malarial atovaquone (ATO) enhances protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)‐mediated PDT‐induced immunogenic cell death and downregulates tumor Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Furthermore, the nanocubes combined with anti‐PD‐L1, which synergistically induce maturation of dendritic cells, promote infiltration of CTLs, reduce regulatory T cells, and significantly activate the host immune system, thus treating primary and distal tumors. This work demonstrates that ATO/PpIX‐SMN can enhance the response rate of anti‐PD‐L1 in TNBC treatment via O2‐economized photodynamic‐downregulating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.