bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common variation contributes to the genetic architecture of social communication traits
Authors: St Pourcain Beate , Whitehouse AndrewJ O , Ang Wei Q , Warrington Nicole M , Glessner Joseph T , Wang Kai , Timpson Nicholas J , Evans David M , Kemp John P , Ring Susan M , McArdle Wendy L , Golding Jean , Hakonarson Hakon , Pennell Craig E , Smith George Davey
Published: September 2013

Background

Social communication difficulties represent an autistic trait that is highly heritable and persistent during the course of development. However, little is known about the underlying genetic architecture of this phenotype.

Methods

We performed a genome-wide association study on parent-reported social communication problems using items of the children’s communication checklist (age 10 to 11 years) studying single and/or joint marker effects. Analyses were conducted in a large UK population-based birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and their Children, ALSPAC, N = 5,584) and followed-up within a sample of children with comparable measures from Western Australia (RAINE, N = 1364).

Results

Two of our seven independent top signals (P- discovery <1.0E-05) were replicated (0.009 < P- replication ≤0.02) within RAINE and suggested evidence for association at 6p22.1 (rs9257616, meta-P = 2.5E-07) and 14q22.1 (rs2352908, meta-P = 1.1E-06). The signal at 6p22.1 was identified within the olfactory receptor gene cluster within the broader major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. The strongest candidate locus within this genomic area was TRIM27. This gene encodes an ubiquitin E3 ligase, which is an interaction partner of methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins, such as MBD3 and MBD4, and rare protein-coding mutations within MBD3 and MBD4 have been linked to autism. The signal at 14q22.1 was found within a gene-poor region.

Single-variant findings were complemented by estimations of the narrow-sense heritability in ALSPAC suggesting that approximately a fifth of the phenotypic variance in social communication traits is accounted for by joint additive effects of genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms throughout the genome (h2(SE) = 0.18(0.066), P = 0.0027).

Conclusion

Overall, our study provides both joint and single-SNP-based evidence for the contribution of common polymorphisms to variation in social communication phenotypes.
Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation in the Antakya–Maras Region (SERAMAR): Empirical Studies on the Basis of EMS-98
Authors: Abrahamczyk Lars , Schwarz Jochen , Langhammer Tobias , Genes M. Cemal , Bikçe Murat , Kaçin Selcuk , Gülkan Polat
Published: September 2013

The main objective of the SERAMAR project has been to utilize current tools for earthquake risk assessment and to establish a unique partnership between universities, professional associations, and local governments, which might serve as a model for similar future activities in Turkey and adjacent areas. In order to reach this goal, a thorough microzonation survey program combined with vulnerability and social preparedness studies in anticipation of a damaging seismic event were conducted. The paper is focused on activities related to surveying building stock and classifying and evaluating through the use of different levels of consideration. Empirical risk scenarios and casualty estimations are carried out for different levels of consideration under scenario earthquakes similar in size to historic events. Preliminary findings of the pilot phase are reported in terms of credible building performance and casualty estimates. For empirical studies, the building vulnerabilities are expressed in terms of vulnerability classes of EMS-98.
Mcad-mediated intercellular interactions activate satellite cell division
Authors: Marti Merce , Montserrat Núria , Pardo Cristina , Mulero Lola , Miquel-Serra Laia , Rodrigues Alexandre Miguel Cavaco , Andrés Vaquero José , Kuebler Bernd , Morera Cristina , Barrero María José , Izpisua Belmonte Juan Carlos
Published: September 2013

The adult stem cells of the muscle and their committed myogenic precursors, commonly referred to as the satellite cell population, are involved in both muscle growth after birth and regeneration after damage. It has been previously proposed that, under these circumstances, satellite cells first become activated, divide and differentiate, and only later fuse to the existing myofiber through M-cadherin-mediated intercellular interactions. Our data shows that satellite cells fuse with the myofiber concomitantly to cell division, and only when the daughter cells' nuclei are inside the myofiber, do they complete the process of differentiation. In here we demonstrate that M-cadherin plays an important role in cell-to-cell recognition and fusion, and that is critical for cell division activation. Treatment of satellite cells with M-cadherin in vitro stimulates cell division while addition of anti M-cadherin antibodies reduces the cell division rate. Our results suggest an alternative model for the contribution of satellite cells to muscle development, which might be useful to understand muscle regeneration, as well as muscle-related dystrophies.
Osteoblast-specific expression of Fra-2/AP-1 controls Adiponectin/Osteocalcin expression and affects metabolism
Authors: Bozec Aline , Bakiri Latifa , Jimenez Maria , Rosen Evan D. , Catalá-Lehnen Philip , Schinke Thorsten , Schett Georg , Amling Michael , Wagner Erwin F.
Published: September 2013

Recent studies have established that the skeleton functions as an endocrine organ affecting metabolism through the osteoblast-derived hormone osteocalcin (Ocn). However, it is not fully understood how many transcription factors expressed in osteoblasts regulate the endocrine function. Here we show that mice with osteoblast-specific deletion of Fra-2 (Fosl2) have low bone mass, but increased body weight. In contrast, transgenic expression of Fra-2 in osteoblasts leads to increased bone mass and decreased body weight accompanied by reduced serum glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In addition, mice lacking Fra-2 have reduced levels of circulating Ocn, but high Adiponectin (Adipoq), while Fra-2 transgenic mice exhibit high Ocn and low Adipoq levels. Moreover, Adipoq is transcriptionally repressed by Fra-2 in osteoblasts, where it is found expressed. These results demonstrate that Fra-2 expression in osteoblasts represents a novel paradigm for a transcription factor controlling the endocrine function of the skeleton.
Novel Environmentally Friendly Inorganic Blue Pigments Based on Calcium Scandium Silicate Garnet
Authors: Wendusu  , Honda Taihei , Masui Toshiyuki , Imanaka Nobuhito
Published: September 2013

Novel environmentally friendly inorganic blue pigments based on garnet-type (Ca1−xEux)3Sc2Si3O12+δ, were successfully synthesized, and their color properties were characterized. Among these samples, (Ca0.94Eu0.06)3Sc2Si3O12+δ pigment calcined at 1648 K for 6 h showed the most brilliant blue color. The −b* value corresponding to blue chromaticity of the pigment was −33.8, which exceeded that of a commercially available iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) pigment (Prussian blue, b* = −15.6). Since the present (Ca0.94Eu0.06)3Sc2Si3O12+δ pigment is composed of only nontoxic and safe elements (Ca, Eu, Sc, Si, and O), it could be an effective alternative to the conventional blue materials.
An abstract approach to bivalence
Authors: Woleński Jan
Published: September 2013

This paper outlines an approach to the principle of bivalence based on very general, but still elementary, semantic considerations. The principle of bivalence states that (a) “every sentence is either true or false”. Clearly, some logics are bivalent while others are not. A more general formulation of (a) uses the concept of designated and non-designated logical values and is captured by (b) “every sentence is either designated or non-designated”. Yet this formulation seems trivial, because the concept of non-designated value is negative. In order to refine the analysis, the class of anti-designated values has been distinguished. The non-trivial version of the principle of bivalence is expressed by (c) “every sentence is either designated or anti-designated”. The last part of the paper mentions some extralogical reasons for considering the principle of bivalence with truth being a designated value as intimately connected to human thinking and behavior.
It Depends: Environmental Context and the Effects of Faultlines on Top Management Team Performance
Authors: Cooper Danielle , Patel Pankaj C. , Thatcher Sherry M. B.
Published: September 2013

Informational faultlines, the alignment of team member task-related attributes to form subgroups, are important in explaining team performance. Although informational faultlines may promote specialization and division of labor, they may also increase communication and coordination costs. Integrating work on the categorization-elaboration model, social identity theory, and contingency theory, we posit that facets of a team’s external environment moderate the effects of informational faultlines on performance. Using a sample of 380 top management teams, we examine moderation effects of environmental dynamism, complexity, and munificence. We find that informational faultline strength positively affects firm performance under low environmental dynamism, high complexity, and high munificence, but it negatively affects firm performance under high environmental dynamism, low complexity, and low munificence. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice.
Filmmaking as a Way of life: Tsuchimoto, Ogawa, and Revolutions in Documentary Cinema
Authors: Bingham Adam
Published: September 2013

The post-war period in Japanese cinema must surely rank alongside the most important eras in the history of documentary filmmaking. In spite, or perhaps because, of the demise of the country's commercial film industry, which continued almost unabated throughout the 1960s and 1970s, these years saw the emergence of several figures who would revolutionize the documentary form. In particular, they would significantly change the parameters of what is traditionally thought of as a documentary film, and irrevocably alter and transform perceptions of the roles and responsibilities of the documentary filmmaker. Of these directors, the elder statesmen and key names are Tsuchimoto Noriaki and Ogawa Shinsuke. These filmmakers are held in the highest esteem in Japan and Asia for their groundbreaking work in the 1970s, but for various reasons have not quite achieved comparable visibility or acclaim in the West.
Pim and Pom, the cats with nine lives
Authors: Smid Gioia
Published: September 2013

Dutch illustrator Fiep Westendorp and writer Mies Bouhuys created the adventures of the cats Pim and Pom for the Amsterdam newspaper Het Parool in 1957. In 2008 director Gioia Smid started with the production of a 2D animated childeren’s TV series called ‘The Adventures of Pim & Pom’, based on the illustrations and characters by Fiep Westendorp and Mies Bouhuys. The artwork for the animation series remained as true to the original drawings as possible. The TV series became an instant success, both in the Netherlands and abroad. Smid and a team of animators are working on a feature film about Pim and Pom, that will be premiered in Dutch cinemas in 2014.
The universal aesthetic appeal of the animations in Yo Gabba Gabba!
Authors: Paul James
Published: September 2013

Yo Gabba Gabba, a television show for preschoolers, has gained a significant audience following of adults. Through an analysis of Dennis Dutton’s theory of evolutionary aesthetics and using his twelve criteria for neutral discussion of aesthetics, this article examines the aesthetic appeal of the animated segments of Yo Gabba Gabba. Four case studies are highlighted, which, along with personally conducted interviews with the directors of the shorts and a critical reading of the discussion surrounding the show, form the backbone of the research. The universal appeal of the animations was found to be the result of the producers of Yo Gabba Gabba hiring talented animators and visual artists, not known for work aimed at preschoolers. These artists have created without many guidelines imposed upon them unique and imaginative animations with cross-generational aesthetic appeal.
Reviews
Authors: Batty Craig , Joyce Hester
Published: September 2013

Maverick Screenwriting: A Manual For The Adventurous Screenwriter, Josh Golding (2012) London: Methuen, 382 pp., ISBN 9781408129074, p/bk, £14.99

Dinosaur Theory: Uncovering a New Approach to Screenwriting, Chris Tugwell (2012) Adelaide, Australia: Mongrel Books, 151 pp., ISBN: 1475275781, p/bk, $AUD 19.00
Effects of Cellular Homeostatic Intrinsic Plasticity on Dynamical and Computational Properties of Biological Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Naudé Jérémie , Cessac Bruno , Berry Hugues , Delord Bruno
Published: September 2013

Homeostatic intrinsic plasticity (HIP) is a ubiquitous cellular mechanism regulating neuronal activity, cardinal for the proper functioning of nervous systems. In invertebrates, HIP is critical for orchestrating stereotyped activity patterns. The functional impact of HIP remains more obscure in vertebrate networks, where higher order cognitive processes rely on complex neural dynamics. The hypothesis has emerged that HIP might control the complexity of activity dynamics in recurrent networks, with important computational consequences. However, conflicting results about the causal relationships between cellular HIP, network dynamics, and computational performance have arisen from machine-learning studies. Here, we assess how cellular HIP effects translate into collective dynamics and computational properties in biological recurrent networks. We develop a realistic multiscale model including a generic HIP rule regulating the neuronal threshold with actual molecular signaling pathways kinetics, Dale's principle, sparse connectivity, synaptic balance, and Hebbian synaptic plasticity (SP). Dynamic mean-field analysis and simulations unravel that HIP sets a working point at which inputs are transduced by large derivative ranges of the transfer function. This cellular mechanism ensures increased network dynamics complexity, robust balance with SP at the edge of chaos, and improved input separability. Although critically dependent upon balanced excitatory and inhibitory drives, these effects display striking robustness to changes in network architecture, learning rates, and input features. Thus, the mechanism we unveil might represent a ubiquitous cellular basis for complex dynamics in neural networks. Understanding this robustness is an important challenge to unraveling principles underlying self-organization around criticality in biological recurrent neural networks.
Persistent Activity in Prefrontal Cortex during Trace Eyelid Conditioning: Dissociating Responses That Reflect Cerebellar Output from Those That Do Not
Authors: Siegel Jennifer J. , Mauk Michael D.
Published: September 2013

Persistent neural activity, responses that outlast the stimuli that evoke them, plays an important role in neural computations and possibly in processes, such as working memory. Recent studies suggest that trace eyelid conditioning, which involves a temporal gap between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (the trace interval), requires persistent neural activity in a region of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). This persistent activity, which could be conveyed to cerebellum via a pathway through pons, may engage the cerebellum and allow for the expression of conditioned responses. Given the substantial reciprocity observed among many brain regions, it is essential to demonstrate that persistent responses in mPFC neurons are not simply a reflection of cerebellar feedback to the forebrain, leaving open the possibility that such responses could serve as input to the cerebellum. This concern is highlighted by studies showing that hippocampal learning-related activity is abolished by cerebellar inactivation. We inactivated the cerebellum while recording single-unit activity from the mPFC of rabbits trained with a forebrain-dependent trace eyelid conditioning procedure. We report that, whereas the responses of cells that show an onset of increased spike activity during the trace interval were abolished by cerebellar inactivation, persistent responses that begin during the conditioned stimulus and persisted into the trace interval were unaffected. Therefore, conditioned stimulus-evoked persistent responses remain the strongest candidate input pattern to support the cerebellar expression of learned responses.
Decrease in Muscle Contraction Time Complements Neural Maturation in the Development of Dynamic Manipulation
Authors: Dayanidhi Sudarshan , Kutch Jason J. , Valero-Cuevas Francisco J.
Published: September 2013

Developmental improvements in dynamic manipulation abilities are typically attributed to neural maturation, such as myelination of corticospinal pathways, neuronal pruning, and synaptogenesis. However the contributions from changes in the peripheral motor system are less well understood. Here we investigated whether there are developmental changes in muscle activation-contraction dynamics and whether these changes contribute to improvements in dynamic manipulation in humans. We compared pinch strength, dynamic manipulation ability, and contraction time of the first dorsal interosseous muscle in typically developing preadolescent, adolescent, and young adults. Both strength and dynamic manipulation ability increased with age (p< 0.0001 andp< 0.00001, respectively). Surprisingly, adults had a 33% lower muscle contraction time compared with preadolescents (p< 0.01), and contraction time showed a significant (p< 0.005) association with dynamic manipulation abilities. Whereas decreases in muscle contraction time during development have been reported in the animal literature, our finding, to our knowledge, is the first report of this phenomenon in humans and the first finding of its association with manipulation. Consequently, the changes in the muscle contractile properties could be an important complement to neural maturation in the development of dynamic manipulation. These findings have important implications for understanding central and peripheral contributors to deficits in manipulation in atypical development, such as in children with cerebral palsy.
Broadband Cortical Desynchronization Underlies the Human Psychedelic State
Authors: Muthukumaraswamy Suresh D. , Carhart-Harris Robin L. , Moran Rosalyn J. , Brookes Matthew J. , Williams Tim M. , Errtizoe David , Sessa Ben , Papadopoulos Andreas , Bolstridge Mark , Singh Krish D. , Feilding Amanda , Friston Karl J. , Nutt David J.
Published: September 2013

Psychedelic drugs produce profound changes in consciousness, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms for this remain unclear. Spontaneous and induced oscillatory activity was recorded in healthy human participants with magnetoencephalography after intravenous infusion of psilocybin—prodrug of the nonselective serotonin 2A receptor agonist and classic psychedelic psilocin. Psilocybin reduced spontaneous cortical oscillatory power from 1 to 50 Hz in posterior association cortices, and from 8 to 100 Hz in frontal association cortices. Large decreases in oscillatory power were seen in areas of the default-mode network. Independent component analysis was used to identify a number of resting-state networks, and activity in these was similarly decreased after psilocybin. Psilocybin had no effect on low-level visually induced and motor-induced gamma-band oscillations, suggesting that some basic elements of oscillatory brain activity are relatively preserved during the psychedelic experience. Dynamic causal modeling revealed that posterior cingulate cortex desynchronization can be explained by increased excitability of deep-layer pyramidal neurons, which are known to be rich in 5-HT2Areceptors. These findings suggest that the subjective effects of psychedelics result from a desynchronization of ongoing oscillatory rhythms in the cortex, likely triggered by 5-HT2Areceptor-mediated excitation of deep pyramidal cells.
The Role of GluA1 in Ocular Dominance Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Ranson Adam , Sengpiel Frank , Fox Kevin
Published: September 2013

Ocular dominance plasticity is a widely studied model of experience-dependent cortical plasticity. It has been shown that potentiation of open eye responses resulting from monocular deprivation relies on a homeostatic response to loss of input from the closed eye, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are not fully understood. The role of GluA1 in the homeostatic component of ocular dominance (OD) plasticity has not so far been tested. In this study, we tested the idea that the GluA1 subunit of the AMPA receptor is necessary for open eye potentiation. We found that open eye potentiation did not occur inGluA1 knock-out(GluA1−/−) mice but did occur in wild-type littermates when monocular deprivation was imposed during the critical period. We also found that depression of the closed eye response that normally occurs in the monocular as well as binocular zone is delayed, but only in the monocular zone inGluA1−/−mice and only in a background strain we have previously shown lacks synaptic scaling (C57BL/6OlaHsd). In adult mice, we found that OD plasticity and facilitation of OD plasticity by prior monocular experience were both present inGluA1−/−mice, suggesting that the GluA1-dependent mechanisms only operate during the critical period.
Role of a Ubiquitously Expressed Receptor in the Vertebrate Olfactory System
Authors: DeMaria Shannon , Berke Allison P. , Van Name Eric , Heravian Anisa , Ferreira Todd , Ngai John
Published: September 2013

Odorant cues are recognized by receptors expressed on olfactory sensory neurons, the primary sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium. Odorant receptors typically obey the “one receptor, one neuron” rule, in which the receptive field of the olfactory neuron is determined by the singular odorant receptor that it expresses. Odor-evoked receptor activity across the population of olfactory neurons is then interpreted by the brain to identify the molecular nature of the odorant stimulus. In the present study, we characterized the properties of a C family G-protein-coupled receptor that, unlike most other odorant receptors, is expressed in a large population of microvillous sensory neurons in the zebrafish olfactory epithelium and the mouse vomeronasal organ. We found that this receptor, OlfCc1 in zebrafish and its murine ortholog Vmn2r1, is a calcium-dependent, low-sensitivity receptor specific for the hydrophobic amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine. Loss-of-function experiments in zebrafish embryos demonstrate that OlfCc1 is required for olfactory responses to a diverse mixture of polar, nonpolar, acidic, and basic amino acids. OlfCc1 was also found to promote localization of other OlfC receptor family members to the plasma membrane in heterologous cells. Together, these results suggest that the broadly expressed OlfCc1 is required for amino acid detection by the olfactory system and suggest that it plays a role in the function and/or intracellular trafficking of other olfactory and vomeronasal receptors with which it is coexpressed.
Confiança organizacional e compartilhamento e uso do conhecimento tácito
Authors: Rêgo Reinaldo Costa de Almeida , Fontes Filho Joaquim Rubens , Lima Diego de Faveri Pereira
Published: September 2013

Este estudo investiga a influência da confiança organizacional no desejo de usar e compartilhar o conhecimento tácito, baseado em hipóteses sobre a relação entre capacidade, benevolência e integridade nesse desejo. A amostra foi formada por 655 militares do Exército, instituição caracterizada por cultura de elevada exigência de confiança individual e organizacional, coletada em três instituições de formação de oficiais. O uso da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais (partial least square) apresentou resultados que sugerem que esse desejo não é significativamente influenciado pela intensidade da confiança organizacional, definida com base na capacidade, benevolência e integridade dos indivíduos. Esses resultados refutam pesquisas anteriores de Holste e Fields, que destacam a influência do fator afeição no compartilhamento e o fator cognição no uso do conhecimento tácito, indicando a necessidade de compreender melhor os estímulos ao uso e compartilhamento do conhecimento dentro das estruturas organizacionais.
A desintegração do status quo: direito e lutas sociais
Authors: Rodriguez José Rodrigo
Published: September 2013

A partir de O espírito das leis, de Montesquieu, e do pensamento de Carl Schmitt e Franz Neumann, um de seus maiores críticos, o texto mostra que a simplicidade das leis e a existência de um Judiciário ativo estão relacionadas com o caráter democrático ou não das diversas sociedades. Ademais, o texto sustenta que o direito no século XX pode ser caracterizado pela regulação de diversas diferenças sociais por meio de normas especiais, resultantes de reivindicações democráticas por novos direitos, as quais contribuem para aumentar a complexidade das leis e a necessidade de intervenção judicial para dar sentido ao direito.
Capital simbólico e classes sociais
Authors: Bourdieu Pierre
Published: September 2013

O artigo desenvolve e esclarece a noção de classe social subjacente aos estudos sociológicos de Bourdieu desde A distinção. A teoria das classes sociais deve superar a oposição entre teorias objetivistas que assimilam as classes a grupos discretos objetivamente inscritos na realidade e teorias subjetivistas que reduzem a "ordem social" a uma classificação coletiva obtida pela soma das estratégias individuais pelas quais os agentes classificam a si e aos outros.
Dionísio usa Chilli Beans?: análise mitológica da publicidade da "Marca da Pimenta"
Authors: Souza Ildembergue Leite de , Leão André Luiz Maranhão de Souza
Published: September 2013

Com a crescente ênfase na dimensão simbólica do consumo, as marcas passaram a atuar como canais de autoexpressão e de transformação da cultura e da sociedade, entre outras razões, por produzir e reproduzir mitos. Um dos principais mecanismos utilizados para esse fim é a publicidade. A Chilli Beans se apresenta como uma marca que adota tal premissa. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa foi norteada pela seguinte questão: Como o mito reproduzido na publicidade da Chilli Beans opera na significação de tal marca? Para tal, associamos a semiologia barthesiana à linguística saussuriana como uma forma de analisar a publicidade impressa desenvolvida pela marca em todo seu histórico de campanhas até então. Os resultados revelam a reprodução de doze mitos que sustentam a metanarrativa que dá significação à marca: o hedonismo
O arquivo público paranaense: possibilidades para a pesquisa em história da educação no período provincial
Authors: Souza Gizele de , Anjos Juarez José Tuchinski dos , Barbosa Etienne Baldez Louzada
Published: September 2013

Este artigo trata a respeito da relação do historiador da educação com os arquivos, das possibilidades de pesquisa e tensões que os acervos produzem na imbricada relação com o pesquisador e das potencialidades do acervo do Departamento de Arquivo Público do Paraná (DEAP-PR). Examina o arquivo quanto aos instrumentos de pesquisa disponíveis - os fundos arquivísticos que contêm documentação referente à instrução pública no Paraná província - , aos conteúdos e tipos de fontes que podem ser encontrados nos respectivos fundos e a relevância desse acervo para a escrita da história da educação no século XIX. O objetivo do estudo é analisar os fundos documentais do arquivo, tomando-o como ferramenta fecunda para o trabalho de pesquisa em história da educação, em especial no que se refere às investigações acerca da instrução pública no período provincial. Metodologicamente, o trabalho realizado foi o de mapear no acervo do DEAP-PR as possibilidades de pesquisa sobre instrução nos diversos fundos documentais presentes no arquivo, agregá-los e apontar, diante da natureza e características das fontes empíricas reunidas, o potencial analítico. Para dar conta dos propósitos firmados, o texto dialoga com referências no campo da história e história da educação e apresenta, como resultados, o próprio percurso de organização, a análise dos fundos documentais do arquivo e as possibilidades investigativas para os estudos acerca da instrução pública, em especial, para o período provincial.
A cidade pequena, a escola e o cotidiano interrompido
Authors: Lacerda Mitsi Pinheiro de
Published: September 2013

O costume por organizar cortejos se sobrepõe à existência dos próprios grupos que os inauguram, no decorrer dos tempos. Desde a antiguidade, sociedades promovem cortejos públicos nos quais desfilam para si mesmas, sendo que, na atualidade, deparamo-nos continuamente com cortejos carnavalescos, cívicos, políticos, religiosos, culturais, educativos, temáticos, esportivos, fúnebres e tantos outros. Através deles, diferentes grupos sociais realizam seus protestos, apresentam suas reivindicações, comemoram suas conquistas, defendem suas posições, praticam suas crenças, enfim, expressam-se. Tudo isso ocorre por meio de exposição previamente organizada, que se movimenta e, aparentemente, interrompe o cotidiano da cidade. Neste artigo, é discutida a presença da escola no desfile de aniversário municipal, promovido pela administração pública em duas cidades pequenas, do Noroeste Fluminense, nos anos 2010, 2011 e 2012. Estudando em desfiles e não sobre eles, tendo como referência as lógicas dos praticantes (CERTEAU, 1994), objetivou-se conhecer: a) a curiosa apropriação dos praticantes da escola em relação à nota de participação que recebem ao desfilar; e b) a delimitação oficial de um tema para o desfile e seu consumo. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho etnográfico, com emprego de procedimentos pertinentes à observação sistemática (conversas, produção e coleta de imagens). A conclusão do estudo aponta para: a) o deslocamento de práticas escolares em direção ao cotidiano da cidade; b) os consumos de praticantes que se apropriam de artefatos utilizados nos desfiles, transformando resíduos de um currículo prescrito em currículos praticados; e c) as táticas de praticantes, que alteram seus resultados escolares por meio de oportunidades percebidas no campo do outro.
Sérgio Niza: um aguerrido pedagogo português
Authors: Aquino Julio Groppa
Published: September 2013

A entrevista em pauta tem o objetivo principal de dar a conhecer ao público brasileiro informações e reflexões substanciais acerca do Movimento da Escola Moderna - associação portuguesa de autoformação cooperada de professores de todos os graus de ensino, operante em todo o território português desde meados da década de 1970. Para tanto, foi colhido o depoimento de Sérgio Niza, fundador e diretor do Centro de Formação de Professores e da revista Escola Moderna, ambos ligados ao referido Movimento. Os trabalhos editoriais ficaram a cargo do Professor Julio Groppa Aquino, da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo. Por meio do diálogo estabelecido in loco entre entrevistador e entrevistado em setembro de 2012, desponta uma espécie de registro histórico e, ao mesmo tempo, analítico-crítico das questões fulcrais que rondam as práticas escolares desde o retorno da democracia em Portugal, na década de 1970, e que em tantos pontos parecem coincidir com a conjuntura brasileira e suas inflexões características. Tendo o Movimento da Escola Moderna como núcleo temático da entrevista, Sérgio Niza traz à baila a proposta da criação de espaços de gestão coletivo-formativa centrados na reflexão teórico-prática acerca do cotidiano pedagógico, além de oferecer uma apurada avaliação da educação portuguesa nas últimas décadas. Inclui-se, ainda, uma reflexão oportuna sobre a Escola da Ponte (a experiência lusitana mais conhecida entre os brasileiros), assim como lúcidas ponderações sobre o Brasil contemporâneo, conclamando este a "ir muito mais longe" no quesito educacional.
Beginning and end of treatment of patients who dropped out of psychoanalytic psychotherapy
Authors: Jung Simone Isabel , Serralta Fernanda Barcellos , Nunes Maria Lucia Tiellet , Eizirik Cláudio Laks
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Even though it is expected that patients and therapist will agree on when to terminate psychotherapy, quite often patients discontinue treatment on their own. This study aims to better understand dropout in psychoanalytic psychotherapy (PP). Method: Baseline and post-treatment interviews were conducted with six adult women classified by their therapists as dropout patients at a PP outpatient clinic. Results were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis. Results: Content analysis generated five categories (reasons for treatment, goals, readiness to change, previous treatment, transference) for the baseline interviews and three categories (change process, results, interruption) for post-treatment interviews. Unclear treatment goals, low readiness to change, early signs of negative transference and resistance, and absence of recognition of their own participation in problems emerged in baseline interviews. In most cases, the patient's evaluation of the therapeutic relationship was not determinant of dropout. Therapeutic gains, dissatisfaction, and resistance during the psychotherapeutic process seemed to be associated with noncompliance. Conclusions: Decisions to initiate, continue, or quit PP depend on multiple factors, such as initial goals, readiness to change, insight capacity, awareness of personal problems, resistance, and transference. However, these factors should be considered in view of the methodological limitations of this study. Further investigation of PP dropout is still necessary.
Who are the children and adolescent patients of a national referral service of eating disorders in Brazil?: a cross-sectional study of a clinical sample
Authors: Pinzon Vanessa Dentzien , Turkiewicz Gizela , Monteiro Denise Oliveira , Koritar Priscila , Fleitlich-Bilyk Bacy
Published: September 2013

Objectives: To investigate the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients receiving treatment at a specialized service for children and adolescents with eating disorders (ED) in São Paulo, Brazil, and to compare data with the relevant literature. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed male and female patients with ED up to 18 years of age. All data were collected upon admission. Results: A total of 100 subjects were assessed. Mean age was 15.41±0.18 years, and mean age at ED onset was 13.5±0.19 years. Mean disease duration was 21.06 ±1.67 months. Of the total sample, 82% of the patients were female, 84% were Caucasian, 64% came from A and B economic tiers. Moreover, in 60% ED started at 14 years of age or less, and 74% had psychiatric comorbidities. Anorexia nervosa was the most prevalent diagnosis (43%). Hospitalized patients had lower body mass index, longer ED duration, and more severe scores on the Children's Global Assessment Scale than outpatients (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our young Brazilian patients with ED present epidemiological and symptomatic characteristics very similar to those found in the scientific literature, including a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities. The higher frequency of full syndrome ED, the predominance of cases with an early onset, the delay in beginning specialized treatment, and the more severe state of inpatients provide grounds for concern because these factors differ from what has been reported in reference studies and indicate greater ED severity.
Analysis of a protective reinforced concrete slab subject to a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device
Authors: Mullett Paul J. , Moragaspitiya H. N. Praveen , Ward John
Published: September 2013

This paper describes the practical application of computational analysis to the design of a reinforced concrete structure subject to blast loading from a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device. The structure includes a protective slab designed to provide a barrier between the blast load and a densely occupied commercial floor. The blast load derivation was carried out using commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) (hydrocode) software to predict shock wave propagation, reflection and refraction effects. Pressure–time histories were extracted and applied to the mesh of a decoupled finite-element (FE) model of the structural system. The structural analysis was carried out using a commercially available explicit dynamic solver, incorporating non-linear material representations of the primary structural components including the protective slab and supporting columns, beams and walls. The analysis methodology was based on a macro level of structural detail commensurate with the design objectives, with column and beams represented with line elements and walls and slabs represented with thin shell elements. The computational analysis successfully confirmed the adequacy of the proposed design for the specified threat level. The paper concludes that the performance of a reinforced concrete structural system can be cost-effectively assessed for blast loading, to a level appropriate for design purposes, using existing commercially available CFD and FE tools.
Briefing: Modelling for cost-effective resilience against blast
Authors: Reed Dave
Published: September 2013

For owners of everything from hotels to nuclear licensed sites, mitigating the potential risks of blast is of paramount importance, not only to minimise the risk to human life and in doing so discharge their legal obligations to reduce risks to as low as reasonably practicable, but also to ensure resilience in their enterprises. Identifying what design changes or mitigation measures need to be introduced in a given building is a complex task, and depends on the widely varying characteristics of the blast threat – whether caused by terrorist action or by accidents arising from process failures. This mitigation can be very costly; therefore, an accurate assessment of the potential damage can help ensure measures are taken appropriate to the level of risk. Frazer-Nash has recently been using high-end computer modelling techniques that allow the potential effects of a blast in a range of sensitive locations to be analysed, for the purposes of assuring hotel designers that their buildings will provide a suitable level of resilience to terrorist attack. This utilises techniques previously considered the preserve of the defence sector over the past two decades and more, using dynamic finite-element analysis to look at blast effects on a wide range of structures.
Performance assessment of hollow RC bridge column sections with reinforcement details for material quantity reduction
Authors: Kim T.-H. , Choi J.-H. , Lee J.-H. , Shin H. M.
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of hollow reinforced concrete (RC) bridge column sections with reinforcement details for material quantity reduction. Hollow column sections are based on economic considerations of the cost savings associated with reduced material and design moments compared with increased construction complexity and hence increased labour costs. The proposed reinforcement details demonstrate economic feasibility and rationality, and facilitate shorter construction periods. Models of hollow column sections with reinforcement details for material quantity reduction were tested under quasi-static monotonic loading. The proposed reinforcement details for material quantity reduction were equal to the existing reinforcement details in terms of required performance. The computer program RCAHEST (Reinforced concrete analysis in higher evaluation system technology) was used for the analysis of RC structures. A modified lateral confining effect model was adopted for hollow bridge column sections. This study documents the testing of hollow RC bridge column sections with reinforcement details for material quantity reduction and presents conclusions based on the experimental and analytical findings. Additional full-scale experimental research is needed to refine and confirm design details, especially for the actual detailing employed in the field.
Leaf traits within communities: Context may affect the mapping of traits to function
Authors: Funk Jennifer L. , Cornwell William K.
Published: September 2013

The leaf economics spectrum (LES) has revolutionized the way many ecologists think about quantifying plant ecological trade‐offs. In particular, the LES has connected a clear functional trade‐off (long‐lived leaves with slow carbon capture vs. short‐lived leaves with fast carbon capture) to a handful of easily measured leaf traits. Building on this work, community ecologists are now able to quickly assess species carbon‐capture strategies, which may have implications for community‐level patterns such as competition or succession. However, there are a number of steps in this logic that require careful examination, and a potential danger arises when interpreting leaf‐trait variation among species within communities where trait relationships are weak. Using data from 22 diverse communities, we show that relationships among three common functional traits (photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen concentration per mass, leaf mass per area) are weak in communities with low variation in leaf life span (LLS), especially communities dominated by herbaceous or deciduous woody species. However, globally there are few LLS data sets for communities dominated by herbaceous or deciduous species, and more data are needed to confirm this pattern. The context‐dependent nature of trait relationships at the community level suggests that leaf‐trait variation within communities, especially those dominated by herbaceous and deciduous woody species, should be interpreted with caution.
Genetic and experimental evidence for a mixed‐age, mixed‐origin bank of kelp microscopic stages in southern California
Authors: Carney Laura T. , Bohonak Andrew J. , Edwards Matthew S. , Alberto Filipe
Published: September 2013

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that the microscopic stages of kelps can rapidly resume development from a delayed state. Like terrestrial seeds or aquatic resting eggs, banks of delayed kelp stages may supplement population recovery after periods of stress, playing an important role for kelp populations that experience adult sporophyte absences due to seasonal or interannual disturbances. We found that removing the microscopic stages from natural rock substratum could prevent the appearance of juvenile kelp sporophytes for three months and the establishment of a diverse kelp assemblage for over four months within a southern California kelp forest. Juveniles were observed within one month in plots where microscopic stages were left intact, which may confer an advantage for the resulting sporophytes as they attain larger sizes before later recruiting neighbors. Microsatellite diversity was high (expected heterozygosity HE ≈ 0.9) for juveniles and adults within our sites. Using a microsatellite‐based parentage analysis for the dominant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, we estimated that a portion of the new M. pyrifera sporophyte recruits had originated from their parents at least seven months after their parents had disappeared. Similar delay durations have been demonstrated in recent laboratory studies. Additionally, our results suggest that zoospore dispersal distances >50 m may be supported by including additional microsatellite loci in the analysis. We propose a mixed‐age and, potentially, a mixed‐origin bank of M. pyrifera gametophytes promotes maximal genetic diversity in recovering populations and reduces population genetic subdivision and self‐fertilization rates for intact populations by promoting the survival of zoospores dispersed >10 m and during inhospitable environmental conditions.
Developing a Community Care Team: Lessons Learned From the Community Connections Program, a Health Care Home–Community Care Team Partnership
Authors: Vanderboom Catherine E. , Holland Diane E. , Targonski Paul V. , Madigan Elizabeth
Published: September 2013

This article describes the development of the Community Connections Program (CCP), a community care team, within a health care home (HCH), as a short-term, intensive, team-based service planning and coordination program for older adults with multiple chronic health conditions. Three proven approaches were combined to support patient’s self-management: nurse care coordination, the Wraparound process, and use of community services. Participants’ responses to the CCP demonstrated the success of the community care team in connecting patients and nurse care coordinators (NCCs) with community service providers, thus supplying primary care providers with important information regarding the development of a community care team to support patient-centered care within a HCH.
Geotechnologies applied to survey of river water basins in urban areas: case in Tucunduba (Belem-Para-Brazil)
Authors: Pegado Rosielle Souza , Barp Ana Rosa Baganha , Meiguins de Lima Aline Maria , Blanco Claudio José Calvacante , Roehrig Jackson , Coutinho Eduardo Galuppo , Tostes Walenda Silva
Published: September 2013

The spatial dynamics of the multiple uses of river basin of Tucunduba (Belém/PA) is evaluated to identify the relationship between the use and occupation of its territory and its water demands. The methodology employs the use of geotechnologies for the registration of spatialized information and definition of homogeneous zones with regard to socioeconomic and natural features that could indicate the interventions occurred in a period of 12 years in the basin. The results showed a percentage increase of the occupation of the basin unaccompanied by the maintenance of water systems, creating a picture of imbalance between demand and water availability, as well generating conflicts between water usage and the need for preservation of recharge areas. The results also indicated that the application of geotechnologies can be considered a basic component of the process of water and environmental planning, given the possibility of constructing scenarios that model the different interventions that the systems can suffer.
Potential source contributions and risk assessment of particulate-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in size-fractionated road-deposited sediments
Authors: Zhang J. , Hua P. , Krebs P.
Published: September 2013

This study showcases the source apportionment of particulate-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs) with regard to particle size distribution in road-deposited sediment. The principal component analysis with a multiple linear regression receptor model was employed in PAHs quantitative source apportionment. Results show that two major contributors to sorption at the size fraction of 1000–400 μm were tentatively identified as vehicle emission (63.3%) and wood combustion (36.7%). Three major contributors to the size fraction of 400–100 μm were identified as coal combustion (65.4%), crankcase oil/vehicle emission (25.5%), and coal tar (9.1%). Three major contributors to the size fraction of 100–63 μm were identified as tire debris (67.3%), crankcase oil (15.0%), and coal tar (17.6%). The potential contributors in the size fraction 63–0.45 μm were identified as multiple sources (87.9%) and atmospheric deposition (12.1%). In addition, the highest ∑16PAHs concentration was found in the smallest size fraction of 63–0.45 μm, where the highest BaPE and TEF values also occurred.