bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does vitamin D supplementation impact serotonin levels? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alimohammadi‐Kamalabadi Malek , Ziaei Somayeh , Hasani Motahareh , Mohammadi Shooka , Mehrbod Milad , Morvaridi Mehrnaz , Persad Emma , Belančić Andrej , Malekahmadi Mahsa , Estêvão Maria Dulce da Mota Antunes de Oliveira , Daneshzad Elnaz , Heshmati Javad
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Vitamin D deficiency impacts a significant proportion of the world's population, and this deficiency has been linked to various conditions characterized by imbalanced serotonin regulation. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum serotonin levels.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central for Randomized Clinical Trials, and Web of Science up to September 2022, without any language restrictions. The effect sizes were calculated using the standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Six randomized clinical trials involving 356 participants were included in the analysis. Our findings indicated no significant changes in serotonin levels between the intervention and control groups (SMD: 0.24 ng/mL, 95% CI: −0.28, 0.75, p > 0.10). Subgroup analysis also did not reveal any significant changes in serotonin levels among children, participants with autism spectrum disorders, interventions lasting 10 weeks or longer, or those receiving vitamin D doses below 4000 IU/day.

Conclusion

Although the results obtained in this systematic review are inconclusive, they support the need for further well‐designed randomized trials to assess the potential role of vitamin D supplementation in regulating serotonin levels and potentially ameliorating depression and related disorders.
Enhanced expression of galectin‐9 in triple negative breast cancer cells following radiotherapy: Implications for targeted therapy
Authors: Lerévérend Cédric , Kotaich Nour , Cartier Lucille , De Boni Manon , Lahire Sarah , Fichel Caroline , Thiebault Charlotte , Brabencova Eva , Maquin Célia , Barbosa Elodie , Corsois Laurent , Hotton Judicael , Guendouzen Sofiane , Guilbert Philippe , Lepagnol‐Bestel Aude‐Marie , Cahen‐Doidy Laurence , Lehmann‐Che Jacqueline , Devy Jérôme , Bensussan Armand , Le Jan Sébastien , Pommier Arnaud , Merrouche Yacine , Le Naour Richard , Vignot Stéphane , Potteaux Stephane
Published: July 2024

Optimizations are expected in the development of immunotherapy for the treatment of Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). We studied the expression of galectin‐9 (Gal‐9) after irradiation and assessed the differential impacts of its targeting with or without radiotherapy. Tumor resections from TNBC patients who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy revealed higher levels of Gal‐9 in comparison to their baseline level, only in non‐responder patients. Gal‐9 expression was also found to be increased in TNBC tumor biopsies and cell lines after irradiation. We investigated the therapeutic advantage of targeting Gal‐9 after radiotherapy in mice. Irradiated 4T1 cells or control non‐irradiated 4T1 cells were injected into BALB/c mice. Anti‐Gal‐9 antibody treatment decreased tumor progression only in mice injected with irradiated 4T1 cells. This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates that Gal‐9 could be considered as a dynamic biomarker after radiotherapy for TNBC and suggests that Gal‐9 induced‐overexpression could represent an opportunity to develop new therapeutic strategies for TNBC patients.
A case with an ectopic ejaculatory duct opening into the bladder trigone in Zinner syndrome, congenital unilateral renal agenesis, and an ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst
Authors: Hyuga Taiju , Tanabe Kazuya , Kubo Taro , Moriya Kimihiko
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This report describes a case with an ectopic ejaculatory duct opening into the bladder trigone in Zinner syndrome, congenital unilateral renal agenesis, and an ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst.

Case presentation

The patient was identified when no left kidney was detected in the fetal period. Abdominal ultrasonography and pelvic plain MRI at 6 months old revealed a 10‐mm cystic lesion on the dorsal aspect of the bladder. Cysto‐urethroscopy at 1 year old revealed a rather short posterior urethra and right and left inferior crests extending from the posterior urethra beyond the bladder neck. The ejaculatory duct opening was identified on the bladder trigone.

Conclusion

Anatomical abnormality of the ejaculatory duct may represent a cause of infertility and ejaculatory dysfunction in Zinner syndrome. Endoscopic evaluation should be performed for this rare anomaly, even in children.
Rapid DNA barcoding‐based fern and lycophyte inventories of protected areas—A pilot study to introduce a simple but effective protocol
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Chai Yarong , Schneider Harald
Published: July 2024

Recording inventories of species conserved in protected areas is a key step to evaluate the effectiveness of Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM‐GBF) targets, such as the expansion of protected areas. The application of DNA barcoding facilitates the rapid production of enables to obtain rapid inventories with reduced reliance on taxon experts. These inventories aim not only to confirm existing records but also to minimize gaps in our knowledge of the distribution and taxonomy of species targeted for conservation through the implementation of protected areas. This pilot study introduces a simplified DNA barcoding pipeline as a reliable tool for recording fern and lycophyte species occurring in protected areas. The pipeline emphasizes limited and/or short training requirements, reducing the input required from taxon experts and maximizing shared benefits between conservationists and taxonomists. Despite using a single DNA barcoding region, 78% of the accessions were unambiguously identified to the species level. This applied approach not only confirmed previous records but also identified several previously overlooked species, either as newly recorded species conserved in the protected area or as species new to science. The pilot project effectively documented known species diversity and identified gaps in our taxonomic knowledge by discovering previously unknown and locally rare taxa. This rapid assessment enhances productive exchanges between conservation practitioners and taxon experts, with substantial benefits for both parties.
Factor timing in the Chinese stock market
Authors: Wu Yuxiao
Published: July 2024

I conduct an exploratory study about the feasibility of factor timing in the Chinese stock market, covering 24 representative and well‐identified risk factors in 10 categories from the literature. The long–short portfolio of short‐term reversal exhibits strong out‐of‐sample predictability, which is robust across various models and all types of predictors. This predictability is significant both statistically and economically, with a simple investment strategy obtaining its return three times higher than the buy‐and‐hold return in the sample period and a significant annualized 20.4% CH‐3 alpha. Portfolio historical volatility and market volatility measurement predictors play crucial roles in the reversal factor premium's robust predictability. However, such results are not evident in predicting all other factors' long–short portfolios as well as all factors' long‐wing and short‐wing portfolios, and this failure cannot be attributed to their exposure to unpredictable market returns.
Comparing video feedback and video modeling plus video feedback for improving soccer skills
Authors: Martinez Samantha K. , Miltenberger Raymond G. , Deshmukh Shreeya S.
Published: July 2024

This study compared the effects of video feedback (VF) as a stand‐alone intervention and video modeling plus video feedback (VMVF) for improving soccer players' static ball control skills. Research has suggested that VF alone and VMVF produce substantial improvements for young athlete's skills, though no studies have compared the two. Therefore, we used a multiple‐baseline‐across‐participants design with embedded alternating treatments to compare VF and VMVF. Two 10‐year‐old female soccer players and one 9‐year‐old male soccer player participated. The first author implemented the VF and VMVF training procedures and assessed the same three target behaviors across participants. The results suggested that VF and VMVF produced similar increases in performance for two of three participants and that VMVF produced slightly greater increases for one participant. In addition, both interventions were effective at substantially improving ball control skills from baseline levels and relative to a control skill.
Self‐disgust mediates the effect of problematic mobile social media use on non‐suicidal self‐injury in adolescents: A latent growth curve analysis
Authors: Shen Yunhong , Guo Jiaqi , Wang Chuhan , Huang Zixi , Yi Yuzhe , You Jianing
Published: July 2024

Objective

Previous research linked problematic mobile social media use to non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI). However, little research explored the underlying mechanism. Drawing on the social displacement hypothesis, which suggests that excessive social media use may disrupt offline social interactions, leading to negative emotional experiences, the study employs a longitudinal design to explore the relationship between problematic mobile social media use and NSSI, with a specific emphasis on the mediating role of self‐disgust.

Methods

A total of 1,684 Chinese adolescents (52.3% females; Mage = 14.59 years, SDage = 1.27) completed self‐report questionnaires regarding problematic mobile social media use, self‐disgust, and NSSI. The assessment was conducted in three waves, 6 months apart.

Results

Using latent growth curve and structural equation modeling, our study observed a consistent linear decline in NSSI levels over time. Higher initial NSSI levels correlated with a slower reduction. Problematic mobile social media use positively influenced the initial level of NSSI. Additionally, self‐disgust played a mediating role in the relationship between problematic mobile social media use and NSSI.

Conclusions

The study underscores the importance of understanding the emotional experiences behind social media use, beyond mere usage duration. By revealing the mediating role of self‐disgust, it provides new insights into the complex interplay between problematic mobile social media use and adolescent NSSI.
Selective colorimetric detection of inorganic arsenic (iAsIII) using homocysteine‐modified gold nanoparticles
Authors: Tseng Wei‐Bin , Huang Chien‐Er , Chang Huan‐Tsung
Published: July 2024

Arsenic contamination in environmental waters poses global health and environmental risks. This study addresses the urgent need for rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of inorganic arsenic (iAsIII) in environmental samples. Leveraging the unique properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the selective binding affinity of homocysteine (Hcy), we developed a novel colorimetric sensor for iAsIII detection. Our investigation elucidates the mechanism by which Hcy modifies AuNPs, enabling the selective detection of iAsIII ions through chelation between amine and carboxyl groups, primarily with the predominant species H2AsO3− at pH 12.0. Our sensor achieves high selectivity (>10‐fold) for iAsIII amid various interfering ions commonly found in environmental samples. Furthermore, we demonstrate exceptional sensitivity in detecting iAsIII, with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 67 nM, aligning with regulatory standards for arsenic concentration in drinking water. The selectivity and sensitivity of our sensor were validated through experiments with various metal ions and real water samples. In conclusion, our study presents a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism, selectivity, and sensitivity of Hcy‐modified AuNPs in detecting iAsIII, offering a versatile nanosensor platform with significant implications for environmental monitoring and public health.
Radial force and wire structure determine the onset of covered self‐expandable metal stent migration in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy: Measurement of sliding‐resistance force using a porcine model
Authors: Koga Takehiko , Yamada Hiroshi , Ishida Yusuke , Tsuchiya Naoaki , Kitaguchi Takanori , Matsumoto Keisuke , Fukuyama Makoto , Kojima Norihiro , Hirai Fumihito
Published: July 2024

Background

Self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) migration after endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS‐HGS) is a severe complication. The migration risk could be related to the surface friction of SEMS, assumed to be affected by the wire structure and mechanical properties, including radial force (RF); however, their relevance remains unclear. This experimental study aimed to assess the mechanical properties of SEMS involved in the onset of stent migration by measuring the sliding‐resistance force (SF) as the SEMS moves through the stomach wall.

Methods

The SF of seven types of 8‐mm diameter SEMS (four braided and three laser‐cut types) and porcine stomach wall was measured with a universal testing machine. The SF of each SEMS was measured three times, and the average maximum SF (SFmax) was used for analysis. The correlation between SFmax and RF of each SEMS was evaluated.

Results

SFmax and RF showed a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.92). Compared to the regression line predictions in the scatter plots of SFmax and RF, the SFmax of laser‐cut and braided type SEMSs had positive and negative residuals, respectively.

Conclusions

Selecting a laser‐cut type SEMS with a higher RF may more effectively prevent the onset of stent migration against the stomach wall in EUS‐HGS.
Japanese classification of pancreatic carcinoma by the Japan Pancreas Society: Eighth edition
Authors: Ishida Masaharu , Fujii Tsutomu , Kishiwada Masashi , Shibuya Kazuto , Satoi Sohei , Ueno Makoto , Nakata Kohei , Takano Shigetsugu , Uchida Katsunori , Ohike Nobuyuki , Masugi Yohei , Furukawa Toru , Hirabayashi Kenichi , Fukushima Noriyoshi , Yi Shuang‐Qin , Isayama Hiroyuki , Itoi Takao , Ohtsuka Takao , Okusaka Takuji , Inoue Dai , Kitagawa Hirohisa , Takaori Kyoichi , Tani Masaji , Nagakawa Yuichi , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Unno Michiaki , Takeyama Yoshifumi
Published: July 2024

In 2023, the Japan Pancreas Society (JPS) published the new eighth edition of the Japanese classification of pancreatic carcinoma. We present here an excerpted version in English, based on the latest edition. The major changes in this revision are as follows: In the eighth edition of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), the T category was changed to be based on tumor size; however, the eighth edition of the Japanese classification retains the previous T category based on local invasion factors. Lymph nodes have been renamed, and regional lymph nodes have been defined by location. Peritoneal cytology, which was not previously included in distant metastasis (M), has now been included in the M category. Moreover, significant additions have been made regarding the pathological diagnosis of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (EUS‐FNAB) and criteria for histological assessment of the effects after chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although this classification is aimed at carcinoma originating in the pancreas, not in the bile duct or duodenum, if the differentiation of the primary organ is difficult, this classification should be applied. It is also desirable to describe tumors other than carcinoma and metastatic tumors to the pancreas in accordance with this classification.
Combined Flow‐Fluorescence in situ hybridization to HHV‐8 and EBV reveals the viral heterogeneity of primary effusion lymphoma
Authors: Stammler Romain , Vacher Lauriane , Fournier Benjamin , Lemaire Pierre , Chauvel Clémentine , Silvestrini Marc‐Antoine , Knapp Silène , de Frémont Grégoire Martin , Meignin Véronique , Salmona Maud , Legoff Jérôme , Vanjak Anthony , Dunogué Bertrand , Urbain Fanny , Lambotte Olivier , Noël Nicolas , Gérard Laurence , Oksenhendler Eric , Galicier Lionel , Latour Sylvain , Boutboul David
Published: July 2024

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Kaposi Sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) infection. Lymphoma cells are coinfected with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in 60−80% of cases. Tools allowing a reliable PEL diagnosis are lacking. This study reports PEL diagnosis in 4 patients using a Flow‐Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FlowFISH) technique that allowed detection of differentially expressed EBV and HHV8 transcripts within the same sample, revealing viral heterogeneity of the disease. Moreover, infected cells exhibited variable expressions of CD19, CD38, CD40, and CD138. Therefore, FlowFISH is a promising tool to diagnose and characterize complex viral lymphoproliferations.
Behavioral and transcriptional effects of carnosine in the central ring ganglia of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Rivi Veronica , Caruso Giuseppe , Caraci Filippo , Alboni Silvia , Pani Luca , Tascedda Fabio , Lukowiak Ken , Blom Johanna M. C. , Benatti Cristina
Published: July 2024

Carnosine is a naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide with well‐recognized anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects at the central nervous system level. To date, very few studies have been focused on the ability of carnosine to rescue and/or enhance memory. Here, we used a well‐known invertebrate model system, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, and a well‐studied associative learning procedure, operant conditioning of aerial respiration, to investigate the ability of carnosine to enhance long‐term memory (LTM) formation and reverse memory obstruction caused by an immune challenge (i.e., lipopolysaccharide [LPS] injection). Exposing snails to 1 mM carnosine for 1 h before training in addition to enhancing memory formation resulted in a significant upregulation of the expression levels of key neuroplasticity genes (i.e., glutamate ionotropic receptor N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate [NMDA]‐type subunit 1—LymGRIN1, and the transcription factor cAMP‐response element‐binding protein 1—LymCREB1) in snails' central ring ganglia. Moreover, pre‐exposure to 1 mM carnosine before an LPS injection reversed the memory deficit brought about by inflammation, by preventing the upregulation of key targets for immune and stress response (i.e., Toll‐like receptor 4—LymTLR4, molluscan defense molecule—LymMDM, heat shock protein 70—LymHSP70). Our data are thus consistent with the hypothesis that carnosine can have positive benefits on cognitive ability and be able to reverse memory aversive states induced by neuroinflammation.
Removal of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate using bagasse fly ash and surface functionalized modified fly ash from aqueous solutions
Authors: Kumar Arun , Singh Alok Kumar , Singh Kaman , Mishra Anil , Dixit Utkarsh , Agarwal Ankita
Published: July 2024

This study explores the efficacy of a cost‐effective, functionalized adsorbent derived from bagasse fly ash (FA) for the removal of the surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) from aqueous solutions. The raw bagasse FA underwent a modification process involving reflux with TiO2 in NaOH at 100°C for 24 h, resulting in a modified fly ash (MFA). Comparative analyses of the sorbents were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (pXRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The surface area of the original FA was found to be 10.795 m2 g−1, which increased to 30.597 m2 g−1 postmodification. Similarly, the crystallinity of FA was initially 49.36% and enhanced to 79.70% after the modification process. The adsorption process of SDBS onto both FA and MFA were found to follow pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Moreover, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was the most fitting model, as evidenced by the R2 values at 298 K for SDBS‐FA (0.99) and SDBS‐MFA (0.99), both of which are remarkably close to unity. The dimensionless separation factor (RL) was determined to be less than one, indicating favorable adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities predicted by the Langmuir model are 156.00 mg/g for FA and a notably higher 231.48 mg/g for MFA. Thermodynamic analysis revealed a positive change in enthalpy (ΔHo) for SDBS‐FA and SDBS‐MFA of 54.50 and 124.48 KJ mol−1, respectively, suggesting endothermic adsorption. Additionally, the Gibbs free energy (ΔGo) was negative for both SDBS‐FA and SDBS‐MFA, suggesting that the adsorption of SDBS is spontaneous.
Quality of life following pelvic exenteration in neoplasms
Authors: Zanatto Renato Morato , Mucci Samantha , Pinheiro Rodrigo N. , de Oliveira Junea Caris , Nicolau Ulisses Ribaldo , Domezi João Paulo , Silva Dárcia Lima e , Pracucho Eduardo Marcucci , Zanatto Daniela Ogawa , Saad Sarhan Sydney
Published: July 2024

Background

Pelvic exenteration (PE) is an extensive surgical treatment reserved for advanced or recurrent pelvic neoplasms, with potential impacts on patients' quality of life (QoL) poorly referenced in the literature.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate QoL outcomes among three types of PE.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study assessed 106 patients divided into anterior PE (APE), posterior PE (PPE), or total PE (TPE) groups. QoL was measured using e short form 36 version 2 (SF‐36) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ‐C30) QoL questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analyses compared questionnaire scores.

Results

The findings unveiled a balance among the three groups concerning demographic variables and comorbidities, with the exception of a male predominance in the APE and TPE cohorts. Notably, the APE group exhibited elevated scores in overall health (assessed via SF‐36) and social functioning and diarrhea domains (assessed via QLQ‐C30). Moreover, in terms of the fatigue and nausea/vomiting domains (assessed via QLQ‐C30), the APE group demonstrated superior QoL compared to the PPE group. Conversely, the PPE group manifested a notably lower QoL in the constipation domain (assessed via QLQ‐C30) compared to the other two groups. Additionally, disease recurrence was significantly associated with diminished QoL across multiple domains.

Conclusion

APE patients exhibited better QoL than PPE and TPE groups, with disease recurrence adversely affecting QoL.
Impact of Nutritional Status on COVID‐19‐Induced Olfactory Dysfunction
Authors: Mastoloni Elizabeth M. , French Evan , Coelho Daniel H. ,   the N3C consortium
Published: July 2024

Objective

Although olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common presenting signs of COVID‐19 infection, little is known about which populations are most susceptible. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of COVID‐19‐induced chemosensory dysfunction in malnourished individuals.

Methods

The N3C database was queried for adults having positive COVID‐19 test result, diagnosis of chemosensory dysfunction within 2 weeks of positive test date, and overnutrition or undernutrition (i.e., deficiency or excess of micro‐ and macronutrients) related diagnoses prior to COVID‐19 infection. Individuals previously diagnosed with chemosensory dysfunction were excluded. COVID‐19‐positive adults without olfactory dysfunction were similarly analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using odds ratio calculations (95% confidence interval [CI]).

Results

Of 3,971,536 patients with COVID‐19, 73,211 adults were identified with a diagnosis of undernutrition and 428,747 adults were identified with a diagnosis of overnutrition prior to infection. Of those with undernutrition, 264 (0.36%) individuals were identified with a diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction within 2 weeks of infection. Of those with overnutrition, 2851 (0.66%) individuals were identified with a diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction within 2 weeks of infection. The calculated odds ratio for undernutrition and olfactory dysfunction was 0.731 (p < 0.0001, 95% CI [0.0647, 0.0825]). The calculated odds ratio for overnutrition and olfactory dysfunction was 1.419 (p < 0.0001, 95% CI [1.3359, 1.5081]).

Conclusion

Overnutrition may increase the risk of COVID‐19‐related olfactory dysfunction, while undernutrition may slightly protect. While reasons are unclear, baseline differences in metabolic, inflammatory, and structural biochemistry deserve closer inspection.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:4338–4343, 2024
Unveiling the Bounty: A Systematic Synthesis of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Mediterranean Lentil and Chickpea Cultivation Through Alternative Pulse Systems
Authors: Vollheyde Anna‐Lena , Cebrián‐Piqueras Miguel A. , von Haaren Christina
Published: July 2024

Pulses get increasing awareness not only for their nutritional value but also for their multifunctionality in sustainable agri‐food systems. Although having a long tradition in Mediterranean regions, their share of arable land is very low. Knowledge about pulse cropping, considering nonmarket outputs in alternative cropping systems, is scarce. To this end, we conducted a systematic literature research. We synthesized the current quantified state of knowledge about associated biodiversity in pulse systems and ecosystem services, specifically food/feed provision and soil quality, in lentil and chickpea cropping systems using alternative management practices in the Mediterranean and analysed their impact compared to conventional practices employing a meta‐analysis. As alternative practices, we considered practices frequently proposed to be sustainable and more ecologically oriented than conventional cropping. Most studies examined soil quality, especially chemical quality, followed by grain yield. Very few studies surveyed biodiversity, most of which used arable flora as an indicator. Mean lentil and chickpea grain yields were 1484.4 ± 665 kg/ha under alternative practices, and flora richness was on average 10.9 ± 4 species during the pulse phase. We found significant positive impacts of organic farming on biodiversity, no tillage on soil quality and diversified rotations on yield. In multiservice trials, no tillage tended to be synergistic for both, yield and soil quality. In conclusion, organic and conservation agriculture elements seem promising techniques for ecosystem service‐enhancing pulse management. Anyhow, the current evidence base on ecosystem service performance in alternative pulse systems is empirically not yet robust to conclude sound data‐driven management recommendations—especially with a focus on biodiversity. However, we can draw justified hypotheses that can focus future research and can be tested in the field.
Nuclear receptors behind the therapeutic effects of plant sterols on metabolism: A review
Authors: Brañes María C. , Gillet Raimundo , Valenzuela Rodrigo
Published: July 2024

Plant sterols are known for their hypocholesterolemic action, and the molecular mechanisms behind this within the gut have been extensively discussed and demonstrated to the point that there is a degree of consensus. However, recent studies show that these molecules exert an additional umbrella of therapeutic effects in other tissues, which are related to immune function, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism. A strong hypothesis to explain these effects is the structural relationship between plant sterols and the ligands of a group of nuclear receptors. This review delves into the molecular aspects of therapeutic effects related with lipid and energy metabolism that have been observed and demonstrated for plant sterols, and turns the perspective to explore the involvement of nuclear receptors as part of these mechanisms.
Diel vertical migration and seamount stepping stones promote species connectivity from coastal to offshore insular systems in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Tosetto Everton Giachini , Lett Christophe , Neumann‐Leitão Sigrid , Koch‐Larrouy Ariane , Barrier Nicolas , da Silva Alex Costa , Salvetat Julie , Bertrand Arnaud
Published: July 2024

The recruitment of marine species in isolated oceanic island systems can be challenged by prevailing currents, as exemplified by the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic. In this region, the Fernando de Noronha ridge hosts several seamounts, the Rocas Atoll and the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, which are home to great marine biodiversity. However, along the ridge, the central branch of the South Equatorial Current (cSEC), flowing westward, poses a challenge to the recruitment of organisms toward Fernando de Noronha. To unveil critical insights into the intricate processes shaping biodiversity in these insular ecosystems, we use a dispersal Lagrangian tool to explore the role of diel vertical migration (DVM) to depth strata influenced by the South Equatorial Undercurrent (SEUC), which flows eastward bellow the cSEC, in shaping species dispersal and metacommunity dynamics. Our results show that while not a direct journey, the DVM into SEUC‐influenced strata increases the possibility that the seamounts and the Rocas Atoll act as stepping stones between the continental shelf and Fernando de Noronha. Propagules of organisms originating primarily from the continental shelf are transported to the western seamounts of the ridge. Upon reaching the western seamounts, organisms can find suitable habitats to recruit. The progeny of these communities that migrate to SEUC‐influenced strata have the opportunity to reach suitable habitats at the Rocas Atoll and the Eastern seamounts, ultimately connecting to the Fernando de Noronha archipelago. These results provide scientific fundaments for the development of a functional network of marine protected areas in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic.
Vertical and horizontal variations in phytoplankton chlorophyll a in response to a looping super typhoon
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhao Hui , Han Guoqi
Published: July 2024

Previous studies suggested that the increase in surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) is due to nutrient upwelling or to the upward mixing of the subsurface Chl a maximum layer under the influence of tropical cyclones, while often ignoring the influence of the subsurface Chl a minimum layer and horizontal advection on Chl a. In this study, we show the important roles of the upward mixing of the subsurface Chl a minimum layer, horizontal advection, as well as the upwelling of the subsurface Chl a maximum layer, taking a looping super typhoon “Saola” in the northwest Pacific in August 2023 as an example. The temporal and spatial changes of Chl a and its physical properties were investigated by combining satellite, Argo, reanalysis, and model data. The results indicate that the combined effects of the upwelling of the subsurface Chl a maximum layer caused by wind stress curls and concurrent near‐surface wind mixing were responsible for the surface Chl a increase in the looping area during the typhoon, while the 13% increase in the depth‐integrated Chl a after the typhoon is mainly due to the nutrients brought by upwelling and subsequent biochemical processes. In the edge area affected by the typhoon, the surface Chl a decrease during the typhoon was mainly due to the upward mixing of the subsurface Chl a minimum layer (the effect of upwelling in this area is relatively weak). Furthermore, the horizontal advection led to a continuous surface Chl a decrease in the edge area after the typhoon. These findings could enhance understanding of Chl a dynamics post‐tropical cyclones, aiding marine ecosystem prediction.
Exploring Fractional Pigment Toning: A Novel Approach for Treating Benign Pigmented Lesions in Asian Patients With Fitzpatrick Skin Types III–V
Authors: Manuskiatti Woraphong , Hutachoke Thrit , Viriyaskultorn Noldtawat , Li Jayne Bernadeth , Techapichetvanich Thanya , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima
Published: July 2024

Background/Objective

Laser therapy has emerged as a widely favored treatment option for solar lentigines (SL). However, a significant challenge associated with this treatment, particularly among individuals with darker skin tones, is the notable risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) induction. In response to these concerns, the authors conducted a prospective, self‐controlled study to comprehensively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 532‐nm picosecond laser, both with and without a microlens array (MLA), for the management of SL in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) III–V.

Methods

Twenty‐seven patients with FST III–V and bilateral SL on the face underwent randomized treatment. One side of the face was treated with a 532‐nm picosecond laser coupled with an MLA, utilizing the fractional pigment toning (FPT) technique, while the other side received treatment without the MLA, following the conventional technique (CT). The FPT technique utilized a 9‐mm spot size with a fluence of 0.47 J/cm2 for two passes covering 40% of the area. In contrast, the CT used a 4.5‐mm handpiece with fluence ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 J/cm2. Patients received a single treatment and were evaluated for pigment clearance, occurrence of PIH, and other adverse effects at 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months posttreatment.

Results

Twenty‐seven participants completed the study protocol. Analysis of pigment clearance, measured via 3D photography, showed significant improvement from 2 weeks to 6 months posttreatment for both the FPT technique (p < 0.001) and CT (p = 0.004). PIH occurred in 64%, 80%, 96%, and 88% of cases on the CT side, compared to 8%, 32%, 36%, and 16% on the FPT technique side at 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months posttreatment, respectively. The incidence of PIH was significantly lower on the FPT technique side compared to the CT side throughout the follow‐up periods. Additionally, transient and mild hypopigmentation occurred in one participant (4%) on the FPT technique side and in five participants (20%) on the CT side. No other adverse effects were observed during the study.

Conclusions

The 532‐nm picosecond laser emerges as a safe and efficacious treatment modality for SL in individuals with FST III–V. Particularly noteworthy is the efficacy of the FPT technique, which demonstrates comparable effectiveness while significantly reducing the incidence of PIH compared to the CT.
Sulfated Alginate for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mutch Alexandra L. , Yang Jiankun , Ferro Vito , A Anitha , Grøndahl Lisbeth
Published: July 2024

Alginate (Alg) polymers have received much attention due to the mild conditions required for gel formation and their good bio‐acceptability. However, due to limited interactions with cells, many drugs, and biomolecules, chemically modified alginates are of great interest. Sulfated alginate (S–Alg) is a promising heparin‐mimetic that continues to be investigated both as a drug molecule and as a component of biomaterials. Herein, the S–Alg literature of the past five years (2017–2023) is reviewed. Several methods used to synthesize S–Alg are described, with a focus on new advances in characterization and stereoselectivity. Material fabrication is another focus and spans bulk materials, particles, scaffolds, coatings, and part of multicomponent biomaterials. The new application of S–Alg as an antitumor agent is highlighted together with studies evaluating safety and biodistribution. The high binding affinity of S–Alg for various drugs and heparin‐binding proteins is exploited extensively in biomaterial design to tune the encapsulation and release of these agents and this aspect is covered in detail. Recommondations include publishing key material properties to allow reproducibility, careful selection of appropriate sulfation strategies, the use of cross–linking strategies other than ionic cross–linking for material fabrication, and more detailed toxicity and biodistribution studies to inform future work.
Early prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy for mass breast cancer based on dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging radiomics
Authors: Cao Pei‐Wei , Deng Xue‐Ying , Pan Yue‐Peng , Nan Shuai‐Ming , Yu Chang
Published: July 2024

Radiomics uses automated algorithms to extract high‐order features from images, which can contribute to clinical decisions such as therapeutic efficacy evaluation. We assessed the value of a dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI)‐based radiomics model for predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after a second cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with mass breast cancer. We retrospectively analyzed data from 149 patients with mass breast cancer who underwent NAC between January 2017 and December 2022. Using DCE‐MRI, before NAC and after a second cycle of NAC, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and logistic regression (LR) algorithms were applied for feature selection and radiomics modeling. We found significant differences in two clinical imaging features (molecular subtypes, background parenchymal enhancement changes) and two radiomics features. Clinical and radiomics features were employed to build clinical, radiomics, and combined models to predict pCR. The LR model that combined clinical and radiomics features had an area under the curve of 0.811, higher than that for the imaging or radiomics model. Our findings suggest that a combined model based on imaging and radiomics features can improve early prediction of NAC efficacy for patients with mass breast cancer.
PhoenixMR: A GPU‐based MRI simulation framework with runtime‐dynamic code execution
Authors: Duncan‐Gelder Phillip , O'Keeffe Darin , Bones Phil , Marsh Steven
Published: July 2024

Background

Simulations of physical processes and behavior can provide unique insights and understanding of real‐world problems. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique with several components of complexity. Several of these components have been characterized and simulated in the past. However, several computational challenges prevent simulations from being simultaneously fast, flexible, and accurate.

Purpose

The simulation of MRI experiments is underutilized by medical physicists and researchers using currently available simulators due to reasons including speed, accuracy, and extensibility constraints. This paper introduces an innovative MRI simulation engine and framework that aims to overcome these issues making available realistic and fast MRI simulation.

Methods

Using the CUDA C/C++ programing language, an MRI simulation engine (PhoenixMR), incorporating a Turing‐complete virtual machine (VM) to simulate abstract spatiotemporal complexities, was developed. This engine solves a set of time‐discrete Bloch equations using the symmetric operator splitting technique. An extensible front‐end framework package (written in Python) aids the use of PhoenixMR to simplify simulation development.

Results

The PhoenixMR library and front‐end codes have been developed and tested. A set of example simulations were performed to demonstrate the ease of use and flexibility of simulation components such as geometrical setup, pulse sequence design, phantom design, and so forth. Initial validation of PhoenixMR is performed by comparing its accuracy and performance against a widely used MRI simulator using identical simulation parameters. Validation results show PhoenixMR simulations are three orders of magnitude faster. There is also strong agreement between models.

Conclusions

A novel MRI simulation platform called PhoenixMR has been introduced. This research tool is designed to be usable by physicists and engineers interested in performing MRI simulations. Examples are shown demonstrating the accuracy, flexibility, and usability of PhoenixMR in several key areas of MRI simulation.
Predicting success using response after lead implantation with sacral neuromodulation for urgency incontinence
Authors: Hendrickson Whitney K. , Zhang Chong , Hokanson James A. , Nygaard Ingrid E. , Presson Angela P.
Published: July 2024

Importance

Many women report inadequate symptom control after sacral neuromodulation (SNM), despite 50% reduction in urgency incontinence episodes (UUIE) after test stimulation.

Objective

To determine the ideal percent UUIE reduction after test stimulation that predicts 24‐month success.

Study Design

Using data from a multicenter SNM trial, we constructed receiver operating characteristic curves to identify an ideal threshold of percent UUIE reduction after test stimulation. We defined 24‐month success as Patient Global Impression of Improvement of “very much better” to “better.” We compared predictive accuracy of two models predicting success: (1) percent UUIE reduction alone and (2) with baseline characteristics.

Results

Of 149 women (median [IQR] baseline daily UUIE 4.7 [3.7, 6.0]), the ideal threshold for 24‐month success was 72% (95% confidence interval 64,76%) UUIE reduction with accuracy 0.54 (0.42, 0.66), sensitivity 0.71 (0.56, 0.86) and specificity 0.27 (0.05, 0.55). The accuracy of the 50% reduction threshold was 0.60 (0.49, 0.71), sensitivity 0.95 (0.88, 1.0) and specificity 0.04 (0.0, 0.12). Percent reduction in UUIE was not better than chance in predicting 24‐month success (concordance index [c‐index] 0.47 [0.46, 0.62]); adding age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and visual or hearing impairment the c‐index was 0.68 (0.61, 0.78).

Conclusions

Among women who received an internal pulse generator (IPG) due to ≥50% UUIE reduction after test stimulation, we found no ideal threshold that better predicted 24‐month success. Percent reduction in UUIE after test stimulation poorly predicts 24‐month success with or without clinical factors. Given this, re‐evaluating how we determine who should receive an IPG is needed.
Applying the 2022 ASPEN adult nutrition support guidelines in a 2024 ICU
Authors: Cogle Sarah V. , Hallum Madeleine , Mulherin Diana W.
Published: July 2024

An update to the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines for nutrition provision in critically ill adults was published in 2022. In contrast to the previous set of guidelines published in 2016, the revised guidelines selected only studies meeting specific criteria for scientific rigor and only considered publications reflecting more modern intensive care unit (ICU) practices (studies between January 1, 2001, and July 15, 2020). No consensus recommendations were included. Although these methods limited the number of recommendations made and the applicability to current ICU practices, important implications for patient care were evaluated and acknowledged. The literature supporting guideline recommendations that impact parenteral nutrition management is summarized in this review, along with key studies published after the guidelines were revised. Considerations for practical application of this evidence, along with limitations and future guideline directions, are also described.
The impact of digital learning on Saudi nursing students' engagement: A qualitative study
Authors: Al‐Osaimi Dalyal Nader
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study aimed to explore the perception of nursing students regarding their engagement in digital learning environments.

Design

At one of universities in Saudi Arabia, a qualitative descriptive study design was used among nursing students from various academic levels.

Methods

Data were collected using focus group discussions among a sample of 23 participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The COREQ Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were used to report this study.

Results

While sharing their perceptions the nursing students reflected on the behavioural and cognitive aspects of engagement, yet they did not include emotional aspects of engagement in their conceptualization. However, the results showed that, while they reflected on their experiences they tended to reflect on emotional aspects of engagement. According to the study's results, self‐paced studying, reflective exercises, and interaction with audiovisual and dynamic content all encourage the activation of past knowledge in online learning. The learning modality also was found to be a safe and convenient approach among the participating students. Digital learning presents as a promising educational approach that extends beyond the pandemic yet, efforts should be put in place to facilitate the optimal student engagement to meet learning outcomes. Further research is needed to measure its impact on engagement and other pertinent indicators objectively.
Effect of magnesium content on dielectric properties and corona resistance of Si‐B‐Mg/epoxy resin composites
Authors: Wang Boxuan , Chen Hao , Zhao Wei , Weng Ling , Zhou Yu
Published: July 2024

To improve the dielectric properties and corona resistance of epoxy resins (EPs), the authors designed and synthesized Si‐B‐Mg/EP nanocomposites and investigated the effects of varying the magnesium elemental content on the dielectric properties, breakdown field strength, corona resistance life, volume resistivity and conductive current of Si‐B‐Mg/EP nanocomposites. The experimental results show that when the molar ratio of Si, B, and Mg in the Si‐B‐Mg composite oxide is 18:2:0.125, the composite has the minor dielectric loss and the most extensive corona resistance life of 401.8 min, which is 4.6 times that of the pure EPs. From the experimental results, the introduction of magnesium can effectively improve the dielectric loss and corona resistance of Si‐B‐Mg/EP composites.

Highlights

Si‐B‐Mg composite oxides were designed and synthesized.

Performance analysis of Si‐B‐Mg/EP composites with different magnesium content

The introduction of magnesium reduces the dielectric loss of composites.

The introduction of magnesium improves the corona resistance life of composites.

Si‐B‐Mg/EP composites with both low dielectric loss and high corona resistance.
Lactated Ringer's versus normal saline in the management of acute diabetic ketoacidosis (RINSE‐DKA)
Authors: Jamison Auriene , Mohamed Adham , Chedester Courtney , Klindworth Kyle , Hamarshi Majdi , Sembroski Erik
Published: July 2024

Introduction

A mainstay in the acute management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is fluid resuscitation. Normal saline is recommended by the American Diabetes Association; however, it has been associated with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury. Limited literature is available to determine the most appropriate crystalloid fluid to treat patients with DKA.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare lactated Ringer's (LR) to normal saline (NS) in the acute management of DKA.

Methods

This was a retrospective, multicenter single health system cohort study. The primary outcome was to evaluate the time to high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) resolution using LR compared to NS. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of nongap metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, acute kidney injury, and new renal replacement therapy. Other secondary outcomes included insulin infusion duration and hospital and intensive care unit length of stay. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for the primary outcome.

Results

A total of 771 patient encounters were included. Lactated Ringer's was associated with faster time to HAGMA resolution compared to NS (adjusted hazard ratio 1.325; 95% confidence interval 1.121–1.566; p < 0.001). No difference was found in complications such as incidence of nongap metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, acute kidney injury, and new renal replacement therapy between the LR and NS groups. Additionally, there was no difference in insulin infusion duration and hospital or intensive care unit length of stay.

Conclusion

Treatment with LR as the primary crystalloid for acute DKA management was associated with faster HAGMA resolution compared with NS. Similar incidence in complications and length of stay was observed between the two groups. The findings of this study add to the accumulating literature suggesting that balanced crystalloids may offer an advantage over NS for the treatment of patients with DKA.