bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Putting experts in their place: the challenge of expanding participation while solving problems
Authors: Williamson Thad
Published: November 2017

This essay critically examines possibilities for expanding democratic participatory governance in light of Mark Bevir’s treatment of the subject in his book Democratic Governance. The essay argues that a theory of participatory governance should retain an explicit role for expert analysis, and that the appropriate scope given to such analysis will vary by policy area. The essay also argues that the present organization of capitalist economies mandates a heavy reliance on experts, and that a full-blown account of expanding participatory governance thus must be paired with an account of how to achieve a more democratic political economy. Such an account should also specify how democratic-minded public officials can contribute to greater public participation in policymaking.
Employee attachment to workplace: A review of organizational and occupational identification and commitment
Authors: Hassan Shahidul
Published: November 2017

This article provides a critical review of four constructs-organizational identification, organizational commitment, occupational identification, and occupational commitment-to advance our understanding about how public sector employees from different occupations may become psychologically attached to their organizations. This review is intended to clarify previous inconsistencies as well as spark new interest among public administration researchers to examine sources and consequences of public employees’ organizational identification and commitment. This article also elucidates about how public sector employees’ attachment to their occupations may influence their attachment to their organizations. In that effort, this article reviews interrelationships among the four constructs. Finally, based on the patterns of connections observed, a future research program including seven testable research propositions is proposed.
Measuring humane orientation of organizations through social exchange and organizational identification facilitation and control of burnout and intent to quit
Authors: Kumar Manish , Singh Shailendra , Rai Himanshu , Bhattacharya Abhijit
Published: November 2017

The paper explores the relationship of humane orientation of organizations with members' reactions to such treatment by the organization. Orientation of mangers to form good relationships with subordinates has been reflected through subordinatesa’ perception of quality of leader-member exchange (LMX) and it was expected to predict members’ reaction through feeling of exhaustion (burnout). The roles of humane orientation of organizational support measured through perceived organizational support (POS) by subordinates and organizational identification (OID) as possible explicators of the relationship between LMX quality and organizational burnout have also been explored. We conducted three step hierarchical linear regressions on a sample involving data at two time waves. As expected, all the hypotheses were supported. A major contribution of the research to academic literature is the corroboration of directionality of some of the relationship through two time wave design. Also, burnout in this research has been measured at an organizational level and the results were in line with burnout measured at the job level in some earlier studies on burnout.
Diastolic dysfunction in pulmonary artery hypertension: Creatine kinase and the potential therapeutic benefit of beta‐blockers
Authors: Fowler Ewan D , Drinkhill Mark J , Stones Rachel , White Ed
Published: November 2017

Passive properties of the myocardium influence diastolic filling and cardiac output. In heart failure, changes in contributors to the passive properties of the ventricle, such as titin and collagen, and loss of the metabolic enzyme creatine kinase, increase resistance to filling resulting in diastolic dysfunction. Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) arises from interactions between the pulmonary vasculature and the right ventricle (RV) which ultimately leads to RV failure. Beta1‐adrenergic receptor blockers (BB) act on the myocardium and are beneficial in left heart failure but are not used in PAH. We investigated whether BB improved survival and RV function in a rat model of PAH. Rats were injected with monocrotaline (60 mg/kg) to induce PAH and RV failure, or saline as controls (CON). When PAH was established, rats were treated with metoprolol (10 mg/kg per day) (MCT+BB) or vehicle (sucrose) (MCT); CON were treated with vehicle. In vivo measurement of RV compliance using pressure–volume catheter, indicated diastolic dysfunction in the RV of MCT rats was improved with BB treatment. Expression of creatine kinase protein and mRNA was lower in MCT rats compared to CON, with a trend for reversion by BB treatment. Isolated CON RV myocytes had a positive contraction response to faster pacing, whereas it was negative in MCT. MCT+BB cells had an intermediate response, indicating improved ability to respond to increased demand. BB improved diastolic function, partially restored metabolic enzymes and augmented contractility in PAH. These data support the hypothesis that BB may be beneficial in PAH by supporting RV function.
Effect of different storage conditions on coagulating properties and cheese quality of Withania coagulans extract
Authors: Qazalbash Mudassir Ali , Masud Tariq , Sammi Shehla , Khan Rao Sanaullah , Latif Asia
Published: November 2017

The effects of different storage conditions on the coagulating properties of extracts of Withania coagulans berries were investigated in terms of coagulation time, pH and quality attributes of cheese prepared from buffalo milk. The extracts were stored under different conditions, viz. room temperature (27 ± 3 °C), refrigerated storage (4 °C), frozen storage (−20 °C) and lyophilisation. The milk‐coagulating activity of the plant extracts was measured on a fortnightly basis for a period of 5 months. There was a nonsignificant change in pH and the milk coagulating properties of the lyophilised extract. Physiochemical analysis revealed that cheese prepared with lyophilised extract retained the highest content of ash (2.3%), fat (23.8%), total solids (48.7%) and crude protein (22.7%), and resulted in the highest cheese yield (17.6%) compared to other tested treatments. Thus, it is concluded that lyophilisation has good potential for storage of vegetable extract coagulants.
Dufourmentel rhomboid flap in the radical treatment of extensive, complex or recurrent sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease: Case series with follow up
Authors: Manterola Carlos , Otzen Tamara
Published: November 2017

Aim

Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is a chronic and uncommon entity. Extensive, complex and recurrent SPD is less frequent, and diverse treatment alternatives have been described. One of these is excision, followed by reconstruction with the rhomboid flap, as described by Dufourmentel. The aim of the present study was to report the results of a series of patients with extensive, complex or recurrent SPD operated on using Dufourmentel’s technique, in terms of postoperative morbidity (POM) and recurrence.

Patients and Methods

The present study was a case series of patients with extensive, complex or recurrent SPD, operated on at the Clínica Mayor and Regional Hospital in Temuco, Chile, between 2000 and 2015, using excision, followed by a reconstruction with the Dufourmentel’s rhomboid flap. The outcome variable was POM measured at 30 days’ postoperatively using the Clavien–Dindo classification. Other variables of interest were surgical time, hospital stay, mortality and recurrence. The minimum follow‐up time was 18 months. Descriptive statistics were used.

Results

Ninety‐five patients with extensive, complex or recurrent SPD were operated on in the study period. The median age was 21 years, and 56.8 per cent were female. The median surgical time was 60 min (45–90 min). POM was 13.7 per cent, seroma was 5.3 per cent, wound infection was 2.1 per cent and partial surgical wound dehiscence was 6.3 per cent. Mortality of the series was nil. Median hospital stay, follow up and recurrence were 4 days (3–5), 48 months (18–90 months) and 3.2 per cent, respectively.

Conclusion

Dufourmentel’s technique applied to patients with extensive, complex or recurrent SPD was associated with adequate postoperative evolution in terms of POM and recurrence.
Hemodynamic impact of pulmonary vasodilators on single ventricle physiology
Authors: Castaldi Biagio , Bordin Giulia , Padalino Massimo , Cuppini Elena , Vida Vladimiro , Milanesi Ornella
Published: November 2017

Introduction

The Fontan procedure is the palliative procedure for single ventricle physiology. Pulmonary resistance plays a key role in the success of this operation. There are conflicting data concerning the impact of pulmonary vasodilators on survival and functional capacity among Fontan patients.

Aim

The aim of this retrospective, single‐center, nonrandomized study was to investigate the potential effect of pulmonary vasodilators on pulmonary vasculature in Fontan patients.

Method

Twenty‐seven patients with single ventricle physiology were enrolled. Eighteen patients were treated with pulmonary vasodilators: 9 patients after Glenn procedure or just after the Fontan completion (Group A) and 9 patients >5 years after Fontan completion (Group B). Nine patients after Glenn procedure were enrolled as a control group (Group C). The primary endpoint was to assess changes in hemodynamic profile and pulmonary branches’ diameter after 2 right heart catheterizations. Adverse events were recorded.

Results

Mean age ± SD was 3.2 ± 1.5 years (Group A), 26.8 ± 12.7 years (Group B), and 3.1 ± 1.0 years (Group C). Patients included in Group A had reduced arterial compliance (34.3 ± 15.4 vs 52.2 ± 24.2 mm2/[m2*mm Hg]; P = .03) at baseline compared with Group C. After treatment, Nakata index and pulmonary compliance increased in patients treated with pulmonary vasodilators (Group A), while remaining stable in the control group (Nakata index: +26 ± 24% vs −8 ± 17%, P = .003; pulmonary compliance +80 ± 49% vs −5 ± 30%, P = .001). Similar results were found in Group B (Nakata index: pre—168.6 ± 70.7 mm2/m2; post—204.9 ± 97.5 mm2/m2; P = .026).

Conclusions

Pulmonary vasodilators reduce pulmonary artery resistance and increase vascular compliance, pulmonary artery diameter, and cardiac output in Fontan patients. Therefore, pulmonary vasodilators may be used before the Fontan procedure in patients at high risk of Fontan procedure failure.
FOXO protects against age‐progressive axonal degeneration
Authors: Hwang Inah , Oh Hwanhee , Santo Evan , Kim Do‐Yeon , Chen John W. , Bronson Roderick T. , Locasale Jason W. , Na Yoonmi , Lee Jaclyn , Reed Stewart , Toth Miklos , Yu Wai H. , Muller Florian L. , Paik Jihye
Published: November 2017

Neurodegeneration resulting in cognitive and motor impairment is an inevitable consequence of aging. Little is known about the genetic regulation of this process despite its overriding importance in normal aging. Here, we identify the Forkhead Box O (FOXO) transcription factor 1, 3, and 4 isoforms as a guardian of neuronal integrity by inhibiting age‐progressive axonal degeneration in mammals. FOXO expression progressively increased in aging human and mouse brains. The nervous system‐specific deletion of Foxo transcription factors in mice accelerates aging‐related axonal tract degeneration, which is followed by motor dysfunction. This accelerated neurodegeneration is accompanied by levels of white matter astrogliosis and microgliosis in middle‐aged Foxo knockout mice that are typically only observed in very old wild‐type mice and other aged mammals, including humans. Mechanistically, axonal degeneration in nerve‐specific Foxo knockout mice is associated with elevated mTORC1 activity and accompanying proteotoxic stress due to decreased Sestrin3 expression. Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin treatment mimics FOXO action and prevented axonal degeneration in Foxo knockout mice with accelerated nervous system aging. Defining this central role for FOXO in neuroprotection during mammalian aging offers an invaluable window into the aging process itself.
Initial experience of sleeve lobectomy under complete video‐assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: Ma Shaohua , Yan Tianshen , Liu Dandan , Wang Keyi , Wang Jingdi , Song Jintao , Wang Tong , He Wei , Bai Jie , Jin Liang , Liang Hailong
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Review the initial results of a single‐center complete video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) sleeve lobectomy and discuss the key procedure of this operation, in addition to its safety and feasibility.

Methods

Retrospectively analyze the perioperative data of 11 patients who accepted complete VATS sleeve lobectomy between May 2013 and Jun 2017 in Peking University Third Hospital, try to evaluate the safety of this procedure. All the patients were followed up and their oncological recurrence and metastasis were observed, and feasibility of VATS sleeve lobectomy for lung cancer was evaluated.

Results

All of the 11 cases underwent complete VATS sleeve lobectomy successfully and there is no conversion to thoracotomy. The mean operative time was 338 min (range from 243 to 511 min), the mean time of bronchial anastomotic was 63 min (range from 40 to 96 min), the mean blood loss was 205 mL (range from 50 to 400 mL), and the mean number of lymph nodes dissected is 22.1. There was no other complication except one patient suffered from high‐risk pulmonary embolism, and no anastomotic leakage and stricture was found. The mean hospital stay postoperation was 8.7 days. The time of follow‐up was between 2 and 38 months, only one out of the 11 cases died of bone metastasis, and the other 10 survived till now. One of these 10 patients had local recurrence 24 months after operation, and one suffered adenocarcinoma of esophageal–gastric junction at 15 months postoperation. The rest of eight patients all survived to June 2017 and no local recurrence and metastasis was found. The mean survival time was 14.8 months.

Conclusion

Complete VATS sleeve lobectomy is a safe and feasible procedure, but the advantage of perioperative and long‐term survival need prospective randomized controlled large sample trial to be confirmed.
Survival of corneal nerve/sheath structures in organ‐cultured donor corneas
Authors: Dhillon Virinder K. , Elalfy Mohamed S. , Messina Marco , Al‐Aqaba Mouhamed , Dua Harminder S.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

To study the morphology of human corneal nerves in eye bank organ‐cultured corneas and in corneal grafts post‐transplantation.

Methods

Thirty‐seven organ‐cultured corneas were divided into: Group‐A, anterior 300–400 μm of 20 corneas used for Descemets stripping endothelial keratoplasty, and Group‐B, 17 full‐thickness corneas unsuitable for transplantation. Corneas whole mounts were stained for nerves using acetylcholinesterase technique and examined by NanoZoomer digital pathology microscope. Central and sub‐Bowman's stromal nerves and the sub‐basal nerve plexus including perforation sites and terminal bulbs were studied. Ten eyes were imaged following penetrating keratoplasty using in‐vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) for the presence of sub‐basal and stromal nerves at 1, 4–5 and 7–8 weeks postoperatively (five eyes) and in all the other five eyes, the final follow‐up was at 12 weeks.

Results

Fifteen of twenty (75%) corneas had stromal nerves in Group‐A and 15 of 17 (88.2%) in Group‐B. Average number of stromal nerves entering peripherally were 9.1 (range: 1–36). 7.5 in Group‐A and 10.8 in Group‐B. Central stromal nerves were seen in eight samples in Group‐A and nine in Group‐B. Many stromal nerves terminated abruptly without demonstrable continuity through Bowman's membrane. No terminal bulbs or sub‐basal nerves were detected. In‐vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) showed 4 of 5 in 9 of 10 (90%) donor corneas had stromal nerves 1 week postoperatively, which remained present in 8 of 10 (80%) corneas at 4–5 weeks and in 9 of 10 (90%) at 7–8 weeks postoperatively. All 5 corneas analysed at 12 weeks showed the same stromal nerves from 1 to 12 weeks postoperatively. Sub‐basal nerves were absent in all corneas over the 12‐week study period.

Conclusion

This study provides further insight into the behaviour of corneal nerves in transplanted corneas. Corneal stromal nerves/nerve–sheaths are preserved in organ‐cultured eye bank eyes and persist post‐transplantation up to 3 months. These could provide directional guidance to regenerating nerves from host stroma.
Phlebotomy as a preventive measure for crocidolite‐induced mesothelioma in male rats
Authors: Ohara Yuuki , Chew Shan‐Hwu , Shibata Takahiro , Okazaki Yasumasa , Yamashita Kyoko , Toyokuni Shinya
Published: November 2017

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare but socially important neoplasm due to its association with asbestos exposure. Malignant mesothelioma is difficult to diagnose at an early stage, yet there are no particularly effective treatments available at the advanced stage, thus necessitating efficient strategies to prevent MM in individuals already exposed to asbestos. We previously showed that persistent oxidative damage caused by foreign body reaction and affinity of asbestos both to hemoglobin and histones is one of the major pathogeneses. Accordingly, as an effective strategy to prevent asbestos‐induced MM, we undertook the use of an iron chelator, deferasirox, which decreased the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in a crocidolite‐induced rat MM model. However, this agent may show adverse effects. Here, we studied the effects of iron removal by phlebotomy as a realistic measure on the same rat model. We injected a total of 5 mg crocidolite i.p. to F1 hybrid rats between the Fischer‐344 and Brown‐Norway strains at the age of 6 weeks. We repeated weekly or biweekly phlebotomy of 6‐8 mL/kg/time from 10 to 60 weeks of age. The animals were observed until 120 weeks. In male rats, phlebotomy significantly decreased the weight and nuclear grade of MM, and modestly reduced the associated ascites and the fraction of more malignant sarcomatoid subtype. Weekly phlebotomy prolonged long‐term survival. Our results indicate that appropriate phlebotomy may be a practical preventive measure to attenuate the initiation and promotion capacity of asbestos towards MM by reducing iron in individuals exposed to asbestos.
Evolution of diastolic function algorithms: Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Gottbrecht Matthew F. , Salerno Michael , Aurigemma Gerard P.
Published: November 2017

Objective

We undertook this study of echocardiographic classification of diastolic function by three different algorithms to determine: (1) how frequently each algorithm classified patients and (2) how well the results agreed with one another.

Background

Several algorithms exist to grade diastolic function (DF), the Mayo Clinic scheme of Redfield et al (Mayo 2003) and the 2 ASE guideline documents of 2009 and 2016 (ASE 2009 and ASE 2016).

Methods

A total of 200 consecutive echocardiograms were retrospectively analyzed; mean age of patients 60.3 ± 3.5 years, 45% male. Echocardiograms were performed using Intersocietal Accreditation Commission guidelines. Diastolic function was assessed by Mayo 2003 and ASE 2009 and 2016. Coexisting conditions affecting DF analysis, such as mitral annular calcification (MAC), were tabulated. Data were compared using a paired t‐test. Concordance between algorithms was assessed using the Kappa statistic.

Results

A total of 117 of 200 studies (58.5%) were excluded for the presence of coexisting conditions (51.5%), poor image quality (2.5%), or incomplete data (4.5%). Thirty‐three of the remaining 83 studies (40%) received the same grade of DF based on assessments made using the Mayo 2003 and ASE 2016 algorithms; the Kappa statistic was 0.20. 36 of the 83 studies (43%) received the same grade of DF based on assessments made using the ASE 2009 and ASE 2016 algorithms; the Kappa statistic was 0.25.

Conclusion

Assessment of diastolic function via echocardiography cannot be reliably accomplished in approximately 50% of patients using current guidelines. Further, when studies are suitable for assessment, widely used guidelines yield discordant results.
Development of a fidelity scale for Danish specialized early interventions service
Authors: Melau Marianne , Albert Nikolai , Nordentoft Merete
Published: November 2017

Background

The efficacy of the Specialized Early Intervention (SEI) treatment in Denmark, the OPUS treatment, has in a randomized clinical trial proved to be very effective compared to treatment as usual, and the dissemination of SEI services is increasing in Denmark. A prerequisite for upholding positive effects along with creating new teams and preserving critical components is to ensure fidelity to the model. Currently there is no Danish fidelity scale for SEI services.

Aim

To establish a fidelity scale for SEI teams, in a brief and easily manageable form, for the use of evaluating and assessing the critical components in Danish SEI services.

Method

We identified essential evidence‐based components of SEI services internationally and interviewed experts from five Danish SEI teams, using an adapted version of the Delphi Consensus method.

Results

An 18‐point fidelity scale was constructed. The scale was divided into two dimensions: one relating to the structure of the SEI team and one relating to the character and content of the SEI treatment. Each component can be rated either 1 or 0 (1 point = fulfilling the requirements for the components; and 0 point = the requirements were not met). The maximum score was a total of 18 points with 5 of the components being mandatory.

Conclusion

The development of the fidelity scale is an important tool for securing the quality of SEI treatment in Denmark.
Diagnosis, treatment and outcome of cranial nuchal bursitis in 30 horses
Authors: Bergren A. L. , Abuja G. A. , Bubeck K. A. , Spoormakers T. J. P. , García‐López J. M.
Published: November 2017

Background

No large retrospective case series describing the treatment and outcomes following diagnosis of cranial nuchal bursitis have been published.

Objective

To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, treatment and outcome of horses suffering from cranial nuchal bursitis and to determine their outcome after medical or surgical treatment.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

Medical records (1990–2014) of two referral centres were reviewed for signalment, diagnostic features, method of treatment (medical, surgical or both) and outcome.

Results

The median age of horses was 13 years (range 5–22 years) and follow‐up time ranged from 12 to 108 months. Fourteen horses were treated medically and 20 horses were treated surgically. Of those horses treated medically, four horses had recurrence of clinical signs requiring subsequent surgical treatment. Overall, 41.7% of horses had recurrence of clinical signs following treatment and 66.7% of horses were able to return to their previous level of exercise. Five horses underwent more than one surgical procedure due to recurrence of clinical signs. Of those horses treated solely surgically, 28.6% of the horses had recurrence of clinical signs and 78.6% returned to their previous level of exercise. Of those horses treated solely medically, 33.3% had recurrence of clinical signs and 66.7% returned to their previous level of exercise. Of those horses treated surgically following failed medical management, 100% had recurrence of clinical signs and 25% returned to their previous level of exercise.

Main limitations

Retrospective design with small sample number.

Conclusions

Nuchal bursitis can be successfully managed with either medical or surgical treatment. Prognosis for return to work tends to be worse in horses requiring surgical intervention following failed medical management.
Modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique for the treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in horses
Authors: Rossignol F. , Brandenberger O. , Perkins J. D. , Marie J.‐P. , Mespoulhès‐Rivière C. , Ducharme N. G.
Published: November 2017

Background

In horses, the only established method for reinnervation of the larynx is the nerve‐muscle pedicle implantation, whereas in human medicine, direct nerve implantation is a standard surgical technique for selective laryngeal reinnervation in human patients suffering from bilateral vocal fold paralysis.

Objectives

(1) To describe a modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique for the treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) in horses and (2) evaluate the outcomes of reinnervation using direct nerve needle‐stimulation of the first cervical nerve and exercising endoscopy before and after surgery.

Study design

Case series.

Methods

Nerve transplantation surgery, in which the first or second cervical nerve is tunnelled through the atrophied leftcricoarytenoideus dorsalismuscle, was performed in combination with ipsilateral laser ventriculocordectomy. Ultrasound‐guided stimulation of the first cervical nerve at the level of the alar foramen was used to confirm successful reinnervation post‐operatively. Exercising endoscopy was performed before and after surgery. The exercisingRLNgrade of the left arytenoid was blindly determined at the highest stride frequency for each examination.

Results

Surgery was performed in 17 client‐owned animals withRLN. Reinnervation was confirmed by nerve stimulation and subsequent arytenoid abduction observed in 11 out of 12 cases between 4 and 12 months post‐operatively. Fourteen horses had exercising endoscopy before and after surgery. Nine horses had an improved exercisingRLNgrade, four horses had the same exercising grade and one horse had a worse exercising grade after surgery.

Main limitations

A sham‐operated control group was not included and follow‐up beyond 12 months and objective performance data were not obtained.

Conclusions

The modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique, using tunnelling and direct implantation of the donor nerve into thecricoarytenoideus dorsalismuscle, resulted in reinnervation in 11 out of 12 cases and improved exercising grade in 9 out of 14 horses within 12 months after surgery.
A wake‐up call to quiescent cancer cells – potential use of DYRK1B inhibitors in cancer therapy
Authors: Becker Walter
Published: November 2017

Nondividing cancer cells are relatively resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs and environmental stress factors. Promoting cell cycle re‐entry of quiescent cancer cells is a potential strategy to enhance the cytotoxicity of agents that target cycling cells. It is therefore important to elucidate the mechanisms by which these cells are maintained in the quiescent state. The protein kinase dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation‐regulated kinase 1B (DYRK1B) is overexpressed in a subset of cancers and maintains cellular quiescence by counteracting G0/G1–S phase transition. Specifically, DYRK1B controls the S phase checkpoint by stabilizing the cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27Kip1 and inducing the degradation of cyclin D. DYRK1B also stabilizes the DREAM complex that represses cell cycle gene expression in G0 arrested cells. In addition, DYRK1B enhances cell survival by upregulating antioxidant gene expression and reducing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Substantial evidence indicates that depletion or inhibition of DYRK1B drives cell cycle re‐entry and enhances apoptosis of those quiescent cancer cells with high expression of DYRK1B. Furthermore, small molecule DYRK1B inhibitors sensitize cells to the cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs that target proliferating cells. These encouraging findings justify continued efforts to investigate the use of DYRK1B inhibitors to disrupt the quiescent state and overturn chemoresistance of noncycling cancer cells.
Relationship between the severity of cerebral white matter hyperintensities and sympathetic nervous activity in older adults
Authors: Obara Toshimasa , Nagai Kumiko , Shibata Shigeki , Hirasawa Ai , Koshiba Hitomi , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Ebihara Takae , Kozaki Koichi
Published: November 2017

Aim

White matter hyperintensities (WMH), visualized on brain magnetic resonance imaging, represent an abnormality related to the development of geriatric syndromes. Recently, it has been found that low sympathetic nervous activity might be associated with physical and cognitive dysfunction in older adults. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the severity of cerebral WMH and sympathetic nervous activity, measured by the heart rate variability.

Methods

We carried out a cross‐sectional study of 39 older patients. Holter recording was carried out for 30 min. From the RR intervals on the electrocardiogram, the standard deviation of the normal‐to‐normal intervals, the standard deviation of all normal‐to‐normal intervals in all the five segments of the entire recording, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF were calculated. In regard to the WMH, periventricular hyperintensities and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) were rated according to the Fazekas classification. The WMH were also rated semiquantitatively according to the methods developed by Junque (periventricular hyperintensities) and de Groot (DWMH).

Results

The LF/HF showed significant negative correlations with the total and regional periventricular hyperintensities, as well as DWMH. Multiple regression analysis showed that the negative associations remained significant between the LF/HF and DWMH (total, temporal, occipital). Furthermore, fall risk index significantly correlated with the LF/HF, total and the occipital DWMH.

Conclusions

The severity of the DWMH was associated with the LF/HF and the fall risk, one of the important geriatric syndromes, suggesting that WMH, sympathetic nervous dysfunction and geriatric syndrome are interrelated to each other. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 569–575.
Effects of wilting and lactic acid bacteria inoculation on fermentation and microbial community of elephant grass silage produced in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thi Minh Tu , Nguyen Mui Thi , Nguyen Huu Van , Nishino Naoki
Published: November 2017

Direct‐cut (dry matter [DM] 165 g kg−1) and wilted (DM250 g kg−1) elephant grass silages were prepared in Hue, Vietnam, with and without a mixture ofLactobacillus paracaseiandLactococcus lactis(LP+LC) orLactobacillus buchneri(LB). The silages were stored for 4 months, and fermentation products and aerobic stability were determined. The microbial community was assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Acetate was predominantly produced during the fermentation of control andLB‐inoculated silages, whereas the content was not sufficient to inhibit aerobic spoilage for 7 days in control silage. TheLP+LCinoculation greatly enhanced lactate content, suppressed the alcohol content, and did not improve aerobic stability or decrease the total fungal population. The bacterial community andL. buchneripopulations were similar between control andLB‐inoculated silages; however,Kluyveromyces delphensiswas undetectable and the total fungal population was lowered inLB‐inoculated silage.
Effects of exogenous 5‐aminolevulinic acid on seed germination of alfalfa (Medicago varia Martyn.) under drought stress
Authors: Han Ruihong , Gao Guijuan , Li Zhidan , Dong Zhaoxia , Guo Zhenfei
Published: November 2017

Medicago varia is a very important legume forage with a high yield and good nutrient quality. It is widely cultivated in the middle‐eastern regions of China. However, drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that reduce Medicago varia growth and production. 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) is a physiologically active substance in plants with the potential to improve agricultural production. Exogenous application of 5‐ALA is able to increase plant resistance to multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of 5‐ALA (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 mg L−1) on seed germination and seedling growth of Medicago varia under drought stress was investigated. The results showed that seed germination was reduced significantly under drought stress. However, exogenous 5‐ALA significantly increased the final germination percentage (FGP) and reduced mean germination time (MGT), indicating that 5‐ALA promoted seed germination of Medicago varia under drought stress. In addition, the rate of cotyledon protruding seed coat, seedlings biomass, radicle length, chlorophyll content of cotyledon, aperture width of stomata and pore area of stomata were increased significantly and stomatal density of cotyledon was reduced significantly by 5‐ALA under drought stress. Collectively, our data suggest that 5‐ALA can be applied to promote seed germination of M. varia under drought stress.
HOW IMPORTANT ARE TERMS‐OF‐TRADE SHOCKS?
Authors: Schmitt‐Grohé Stephanie , Uribe Martín
Published: November 2017

According to conventional wisdom, terms‐of‐trade shocks represent a major source of business cycles in emerging and poor countries. This view is largely based on the analysis of calibrated business‐cycle models. We argue that the view that emerges from empirical structural vector autoregression (SVAR) models is strikingly different. We estimate country‐specific SVARs using data from 38 countries and find that terms‐of‐trade shocks explain less than 10% of movements in aggregate activity. We then estimate key structural parameters of a three‐sector business‐cycle model country by country and find a disconnect between the importance assigned to terms‐of‐trade shocks by theoretical and SVAR models.
Rise of the zombie institution, the failure of mental health nursing leadership, and mental health nursing as a zombie category
Authors: Lakeman Richard , Molloy Luke
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we propose that mental health nursing has become a zombie category, at least in the Australian context. Mental health nursing is a concept that has lost any real explanatory or conceptual power, yet nevertheless persists in public discourse and the collective imagination. In recent decades, powerful forces have contributed to the zombification of the mental health nursing workforce and the academy. An increase in medical hegemony, the ascendancy of allied health in mental health service provision, the need for uncritical and servile workers, protocol‐driven work practices, and a failure of leadership to mobilize any substantial resistance to these trends have enabled the infection to spread. The recognition of zombification, active resistance against the forces that conspire to cause it, and the cultivation of genuine conscientious critical thought and debate offer the only hope of survival of mental health nursing as a thriving specialty.
“It's good, they're like me; the same but different.” An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the identities of women with down's syndrome
Authors: Groves Emma , Rayner Kelly , Muncer Steven
Published: November 2017

Background

For people with disabilities, identity formation is based on responses to hierarchical values determined by able populations. Some adopt a disability identity, whereas others may seek to conceal their disability. No research has focused on how women with Down's Syndrome form an identity.

Design

Eight women with Down's Syndrome took part in semi‐structured interviews designed to find out more about their individual and shared identities. The transcripts were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis.

Findings

Negative assumptions of others and oppressive, paternalistic care often lead to a lack of ownership over narratives. “Finding a place in society” is an attempt to challenge this and gain a sense of ownership over their lives.

Conclusions

This research uncovered the individual and shared identities that women with Down's Syndrome construct. Services need to be aware of the role they have in supporting these women to develop autonomy and ownership over their lives.
Expression of CPPED1 in human trophoblasts is associated with timing of term birth
Authors: Haapalainen Antti M. , Karjalainen Minna K. , Daddali Ravindra , Ohlmeier Steffen , Anttonen Julia , Määttä Tomi A. , Salminen Annamari , Mahlman Mari , Bergmann Ulrich , Mäkikallio Kaarin , Ojaniemi Marja , Hallman Mikko , Rämet Mika
Published: November 2017

Understanding of timing of human parturition is incomplete. Therefore, we carried out proteomic analyses of full‐term placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies to identify protein signatures associated with the onset of spontaneous delivery. We found quantitative associations of 10 proteins with spontaneous term birth, evident either in the basal or in the chorionic plates or in both. Additional 18 proteins were associated according to the location within placenta indicating local variations in protein amounts. Calcineurin‐like phosphoesterase domain‐containing 1 (CPPED1), a phosphatase previously suggested dephosphorylating AKT1/PKB, was one of the identified proteins. qRT‐PCR revealed the mRNA level of CPPED1 was higher in elective caesarean deliveries than in spontaneous births, while immunohistochemistry showed CPPED1 in cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts. Noteworthy, phosphorylation status of AKT1 did not differ between placentas from elective caesarean and spontaneous deliveries. Additionally, analyses of samples from infants indicated that single‐nucleotide polymorphisms rs11643593 and rs8048866 of CPPED1 were associated with duration of term pregnancy. Finally, post‐transcriptional silencing of CPPED1 in cultured HTR8/SVneo cells by siRNAs affected gene expression in pathways associated with inflammation and blood vessel development. We postulate that functions regulated by CPPED1 in trophoblasts at choriodecidual interphase have a role in the induction of term labour, but it may be independent of AKT1.
The 3p14.2 tumour suppressor ADAMTS9 is inactivated by promoter CpG methylation and inhibits tumour cell growth in breast cancer
Authors: Shao Bianfei , Feng Yixiao , Zhang Hongbin , Yu Fang , Li Qianqian , Tan Cui , Xu Hongying , Ying Jianming , Li Lili , Yang Dejuan , Peng Weiyan , Tang Jun , Li Shuman , Ren Guosheng , Tao Qian , Xiang Tingxiu
Published: November 2017

Chromosome region 3p12‐14 is an important tumour suppressor gene (TSG) locus for multiple cancers. ADAMTS9, a member of the metalloprotease large family, has been identified as a candidate 3p14.2 TSG inactivated by aberrant promoter CpG methylation in several carcinomas, but little known about its expression and function in breast cancer. In this report, ADAMTS9 expression and methylation was analysed in breast cancer cell lines and tissue samples. ADAMTS9 RNA was significantly down‐regulated in breast cancer cell lines (6/8). After treating the cells with demethylation agent Aza and TSA, ADAMTS9 expression was dramatically increased. Bisulphite genomic sequencing and methylation‐specific PCR detected promoter methylation, which was associated with decreased ADAMTS9 expression. Hypermethylation was also detected in 130/219 (59.4%) of primary tumours but only in 4.5% (2/44) of paired surgical margin tissues. Ectopic expression of ADAMTS9 in tumor cells induced significant growth suppression, cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, enhanced apoptosis and reduced cell migration and invasion. Conditioned culture medium from ADAMTS9‐transfected BT549 cells markedly disrupted tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) in Matrigel. Furthermore, ADAMTS9 inhibited AKT signaling and its downstream targets (MDM2, p53, p21, p27, E‐cadherin, VIM, SNAIL, VEGFA, NFκB‐p65 and MMP2). In addition, we demonstrated, for the first time, that ADAMTS9 inhibits AKT signaling, through suppressing its upstream activators EGFR and TGFβ1/TβR(I/II) in breast cancer cells. Our results suggest that ADAMTS9 is a TSG epigenetically inactivated in breast cancer, which functions through blocking EGFR‐ and TGFβ1/TβR(I/II)‐activated AKT signaling.
The long non‐coding RNA PVT1 represses ANGPTL4 transcription through binding with EZH2 in trophoblast cell
Authors: Xu Yetao , Lian Yifan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Huang Shiyun , Zuo Qing , Yang Nana , Chen Yanzi , Wu Dan , Sun Lizhou
Published: November 2017

Despite progress in diagnostics and treatment for preeclampsia, it remains the foremost cause of maternal and foetal perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over recent years, various lines of evidence have emphasized long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which function as an innovative regulator of biological behaviour, as exemplified by proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. However, the role of lncRNAs has not been well described in preeclampsia. Here, we identified a lncRNA, PVT1, whose expression was down‐regulated in qRT‐PCR analyses in severe preeclampsia. The effects of PVT1 on development were studied after suppression and overexpression of PVT1 in HTR‐8/SVneo and JEG3 cells. PVT1 knockdown notably inhibited cell proliferation and stimulated cell cycle accumulation and apoptosis. Exogenous PVT1 significantly increased cell proliferation. Based on analysis of RNAseq data, we found that PVT1 could affect the expression of numerous genes, and then investigated the function and regulatory mechanism of PVT1 in trophoblast cells. Further mechanistic analyses implied that the action of PVT1 is moderately attributable to its repression of ANGPTL4 via association with the epigenetic repressor Ezh2. Altogether, our study suggests that PVT1 could play an essential role in preeclampsia progression and probably acts as a latent therapeutic marker; thus, it might be a useful prognostic marker when evaluating new therapies for patients with preeclampsia.
IL‐35 recombinant protein reverses inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis through regulation of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells
Authors: Wang Yuan , Mao Ying , Zhang Junfeng , Shi Gang , Cheng Lin , Lin Yi , Li Yiming , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Yujing , Chen Xiaolei , Deng Jie , Su Xiaolan , Dai Lei , Yang Yang , Zhang Shuang , Yu Dechao , Wei Yuquan , Deng Hongxin
Published: November 2017

Interleukin‐35 (IL‐35), a member of the IL‐12 family, functions as a new anti‐inflammatory factor involved in arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other immune diseases. Although IL‐35 can significantly prevent the development of inflammation in many diseases, there have been no early studies accounting for the role of IL‐35 recombinant protein in IBD and psoriasis. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of IL‐35 recombinant protein in three well‐known mouse models: the dextransulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis mouse model, the keratin14 (K14)‐vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A)‐transgenic (Tg) psoriasis mouse model and the imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis mouse model. Our results indicated that IL‐35 recombinant protein can slow down the pathologic process in DSS‐induced acute colitis mouse model by decreasing the infiltrations of macrophages, CD4+T and CD8+T cells and by promoting the infiltration of Treg cells. Further analysis demonstrated that IL‐35 recombinant protein may regulate inflammation through promoting the secretion of IL‐10 and inhibiting the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐17 in acute colitis model. In addition, lower dose of IL‐35 recombinant protein could achieve long‐term treatment effects as TNF‐α monoclonal antibody did in the psoriasis mouse. In summary, the remarkable therapeutic effects of IL‐35 recombinant protein in acute colitis and psoriasis mouse models indicated that IL‐35 recombinant protein had a variety of anti‐inflammatory effects and was expected to become an effective candidate drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Identification of a novel RPGRIP1 mutation in an Iranian family with leber congenital amaurosis by exome sequencing
Authors: Imani Saber , Cheng Jingliang , Mobasher‐Jannat Abdolkarim , Wei Chunli , Fu Shangyi , Yang Lisha , Jadidi Khosrow , Khosravi Mohammad Hossein , Mohazzab‐Torabi Saman , Shasaltaneh Marzieh Dehghan , Li Yumei , Chen Rui , Fu Junjiang
Published: November 2017

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a heterogeneous, early‐onset inherited retinal dystrophy, which is associated with severe visual impairment. We aimed to determine the disease‐causing variants in Iranian LCA and evaluate the clinical implications. Clinically, a possible LCA disease was found through diagnostic imaging, such as fundus photography, autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography. All affected patients showed typical eye symptoms associated with LCA including narrow arterioles, blindness, pigmentary changes and nystagmus. Target exome sequencing was performed to analyse the proband DNA. A homozygous novel c. 2889delT  (p.P963 fs) mutation in the RPGRIP1 gene was identified, which was likely the deleterious and pathogenic mutation in the proband. Structurally, this mutation lost a retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR)‐interacting domain at the C‐terminus which most likely impaired stability in the RPGRIP1 with the distribution of polarised proteins in the cilium connecting process. Sanger sequencing showed complete co‐segregation  in this pedigree. This study provides compelling evidence that the c. 2889delT  (p.P963 fs) mutation in the RPGRIP1 gene works as a pathogenic mutation that contributes to the progression of LCA.
Empagliflozin decreases remnant‐like particle cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients with insulin resistance
Authors: Hattori Sachiko
Published: November 2017

Aims/Introduction

Remnant lipoproteins are thought to be atherogenic. Remnant‐like particle cholesterol (RLP‐C), which reflects the levels of various kinds of remnant lipoproteins in the blood, has a significant correlation with insulin resistance.

Materials and Methods

In the present study, we measured the effect of empagliflozin (EMPA) on the levels of RLP‐C, and investigated whether EMPA‐mediated change in RLP‐C is associated with a change in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients who have insulin resistance.

Results

Patients were allocated to receive a placebo (n = 51) or EMPA (n = 58) as an add‐on treatment. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 12 weeks after this intervention. EMPA significantly decreased glycated hemoglobin, bodyweight, systolic blood pressure, plasma triglycerides, liver transaminases and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, EMPA decreased RLP‐C and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. In the placebo group, there were no significant changes in these factors except for slight increases in liver transaminases. Multiple regression analysis showed that the change in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P = 0.0102) and the change in alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.0301) were significantly associated with the change in RLP‐C in the EMPA group. The change in RLP‐C significantly correlated with the change in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.503, 95% confidence interval 0.199–0.719; P = 0.00241).

Conclusion

EMPA decreases RLP‐C levels, which is closely associated with amelioration of insulin sensitivity in diabetes patients who have insulin resistance.
Broader head, stronger bite: In vivo bite forces in European eel Anguilla anguilla
Authors: De Meyer J. , Herrel A. , Belpaire C. , Goemans G. , Ide C. , De Kegel B. , Christiaens J. , Adriaens D.
Published: November 2017

This work examined three different phenotypes of the yellow‐eel stage of the European eel Anguilla anguilla, broad‐heads, narrow‐heads and eels with an intermediate head shape. The aim was to see whether broad‐headed A. anguilla, which generally consume harder, larger prey, such as crustaceans and fish, exerted greater bite force than the narrow‐headed variant, which mainly consume soft, small prey such as chironomid larvae. It was found that in 99 yellow A. anguilla, in vivo bite force of broad‐heads are higher compared with narrow‐heads and intermediates.