bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Conductive Polymer Bulk Structure: Influence of Polymerization Temperature on Photocatalytic Performance for Sustainable Hydrogen Production
Authors: Lee Ju‐Ting , Hsu Hsuan‐Hsuan , Chen Zhi‐Ting , Chuang Kui‐Hao , Wey Ming‐Yen
Published: April 2024

The influence of the polymerization temperature upon the bulk‐structure‐doped conductive polymer polyaniline (emeraldine‐salt, PANI) on the semiconducting, optical, and electrical properties of the photocatalyst is investigated. When the B‐PANI polymerization temperature increases from 5 to 60 °C, the crystallinity and conductivity of Pt/N‐TiO2/B‐PANI (PNT/B‐PANI) decreases. To rectify the problems of recycling convenience and secondary pollution, this study combines a photocatalyst and a porous polystyrene film for sustainable hydrogen production. The photocatalytic performance of the polystyrene/PNT/B‐PANI‐5 (PS/PNT/B‐PANI‐5) photocatalyst film (27 047 μmol h−1 g−1) under simulated sunlight irradiation is enhanced by a factor of up to 1.6 compared to that of PS/PNT. Therefore, the PS/PNT/B‐PANI photocatalyst film is a visible‐light photocatalyst which is a promising candidate for enhancing photocatalytic recycling convenience.
Assessing school evacuation movement characteristics: Children and adolescents speed and flow over stairs and through exit doorways
Authors: Hashempour Javad , Bahrani Babak , Hoskins Bryan , Abujayyab Sohaib
Published: April 2024

The available theories of evacuation movements are primarily founded on data gathered from adults, making them potentially unsuitable for children, especially in schools. Consequently, it is necessary to undertake further research to collect data on how children move during evacuations to understand their unique characteristics and disparities compared to adults. In this context, this paper aimed to explore the movement of school children and adolescents as they moved over stairs and through exit doorways during evacuations. The evacuation drill involved 295 school children and adolescents, whose behavior was closely monitored using a series of cameras. During the drill, their movement patterns, including flow and speed, were analyzed over stairs and through doorways. The observations revealed that children exhibited frequent interactions and contact with one another, unlike adults, who tend to maintain personal space. The findings of this study indicated that the average traveling speed over stairs was comparable to previous research, although female adolescents had a lower average speed compared to other groups. The speed and flow of participants passing through doorways were found to vary depending on their age and differed from estimates based on adult data. This study highlights that existing evacuation models fall short of adequately accounting for the dynamics of children, indicating the need for further research to improve the generalizability of evacuation models.
Prediction of wind energy with the use of tensor‐train based higher order dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Li Keren , Utyuzhnikov Sergey
Published: April 2024

As the international energy market pays more and more attention to the development of clean energy, wind power is gradually attracting the attention of various countries. Wind power is a sustainable and environmentally friendly resource of energy. However, it is unstable. Therefore, it is important to develop algorithms for its prediction. In this paper, we apply a recently developed algorithm that effectively combines the tensor train decomposition with the higher order dynamic mode decomposition (TT‐HODMD). The dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data‐driven technique that does not need a prior mathematical model. It is based on the measurement data or time slots. As demonstrated, for prediction it is important to use the higher order DMD (HODMD). In turn, HODMD might lead to very large scale arrays that are sparse. The tensor train decomposition provides a highly efficient way to work with such arrays. It is demonstrated that the combined TT‐HODMD algorithm is capable of providing quite accurate prediction of wind power for months ahead.
Multivariable forecasting approach of high‐speed railway passenger demand based on residual term of Baidu search index and error correction
Authors: Li Hongtao , Li Xiaoxuan , Sun Shaolong , Huang Zhipeng , Jia Xiaoyan
Published: April 2024

Accurate prior information of passenger flow demand on high‐speed railway is of great significance for the operation and the management of transportation systems. Various factors in modern social life have caused uncertainty at demand. Recently, individuals are increasingly depending on the online search results when choosing among different transportation modes, services, and destinations, which provide important basic information for forecasting the travel demand. This study employs Baidu search index to assist in capturing volatility of high‐speed railway passenger demands, offering insights into the travel inclinations and travelers' actions. Furthermore, we have given more in‐depth attention and analysis to their residual term accounting for the random nature caused by various factors. To this end, a sophisticated deep analysis mechanism based on data decomposition has been devised to extract and analyze the valuable information concealed within the residuals, so as to enhance the comprehension of the variability inherent in the high‐speed railway passenger flow. Meanwhile, an error correction strategy is implemented for all residual terms to improve further their forecasting accuracy. Experimental results from two real‐world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the developed hybrid approach across several popular evaluation indicators. Therefore, this study can function as a reliable instrument, provide sensible data‐driven guidance for resource allocation and make scientific decisions in the railway industry.
Development of long‐term spatiotemporal continuous NDVI products for alpine grassland from 1982 to 2020 in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Yang Xiali , Huang Xiaodong , Ma Ying , Li Yuxin , Feng Qisheng , Liang Tiangang
Published: April 2024

Background

The time‐series data of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a crucial indicator for global and regional vegetation monitoring. However, the current assessment of global and regional long‐term vegetation changes is subject to large uncertainties due to the lack of spatiotemporally continuous time‐series data sets.

Methods

In this study, a long time‐series monthly NDVI data set with a spatial resolution of 250 m from 1982 to 2020 was developed by combining Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and AVHRR (Advanced Very High‐Resolution Radiometer) time‐series NDVI products using the Random Forest (RF) downscaling model.

Results

Compared to the MODIS NDVI product, the fused product shows RMSE and mean absolute error ranging from 0 to 0.075 and from 0 to 0.05, respectively, with R2 values mostly above 0.7.

Conclusions

The long time‐series NDVI products generated in this study are reliable in terms of accuracy and have great potential for long‐term dynamic monitoring of terrestrial ecosystems on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
Exact solutions of hydromagnetic convective flow in a microchannel with superhydrophobic slip and temperature jump: Microfluidics applications
Authors: Sajjan Kiran , Raju C. S. K.
Published: April 2024

The researchers explored the free convective flow of a hybrid nanofluid in a vertical microchannel with a rectangular cross‐section. Notably, both channel walls were heated alternately, and a transverse magnetic field was applied across the channel. The channel walls had unique properties, one of which was nonslip and the other was exceedingly hydrophobic. The major purpose was to investigate the effects of magnetism and superhydrophobicity on important flow parameters. The differential equations in the investigation were solved, producing accurate results. The study yielded some significant discoveries. First, when heated, the magnetic parameter reduced skin friction on both sides. Second, in both heating conditions, the magnetic field reduced flow rate and velocity. The flow rates in the two reported situations were similar at a crucial temperature jump coefficient. Furthermore, for low‐temperature jump coefficients, heating the superhydrophobic side reduced the Nusselt number whereas heating the nonslip side had no magnetic effect. The percentage change in the value of Nusselt number and velocity decreases continuously with increase in nonlinear density variation with temperature (NDT) parameter and magnetic parameter. The percentage increases in the value of skin friction with increase in temperature jump and slip length but decrease in the percentage of skin friction for the effect of magnetic term and NDT parameter. As the NDT parameter increases, the velocity percentage rises to 50.59% when the superhydrophobic surface is heated and to 84.30% when the nonslip surface is heated. The temperature jump is statistically significant for the value of the Nusselt number and skin friction for the no‐slip surface condition. These discoveries have practical consequences for the design and management of both tiny and large‐scale systems, with possible applications in microfluidics, microelectronics, nanoscience, and nanotechnology.
PARP1 expression predicts PARP inhibitor sensitivity and correlates with metastatic potential and overall survival in melanoma
Authors: Fröhlich Lisa Marie , Villar‐Miyar Ana , Heintze Tamara , Sauer Birgit , Schittek Birgit
Published: April 2024

Metastatic melanoma is still a difficult‐to‐treat cancer type owing to its frequent resistance mechanisms to targeted and immunotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to unravel novel therapeutic strategies for melanoma patients. Preclinical and clinical studies show that melanoma patients may benefit from a treatment with poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). In this study, we focus on PARP1 as a potential biomarker to predict the response of melanoma cells to PARPi therapy. We found that melanoma cells with high basal PARP1 expression exhibit significantly increased cell death after PARPi treatment owing to higher PARP1 trapping compared with melanoma cells with low PARP1 expression. In addition, we could demonstrate that PARP1 expression levels are low in nonmalignant skin cells, and metastatic melanomas show considerably higher PARP1 levels compared with primary melanomas. Most strikingly, we found that high PARP1 levels correlate with worse overall survival of late stage metastasized melanoma patients. In conclusion, we show that PARP1 might act as a biomarker to predict the response to PARPi therapy, and that in particular the late stage metastasized melanoma patients are especially sensitive to PARPi therapy owing to elevated PARP1 expression. Our data suggest that the PARPi cytotoxicity primarily will affect the high PARP1 expressing melanoma cells, rather than the low PARP1 expressing nonmalignant skin cells resulting in only low side effects.
Association between CDK4/6 inhibitors and drug‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A pharmacoepidemiological study using the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System
Authors: Go Makiko , Noguchi Yoshihiro , Masuda Rikuto , Asano Hiroki , Kimura Michio , Usami Eiseki , Yoshimura Tomoaki
Published: April 2024

The most common toxicities associated with cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor therapy include decreased leukopenia and neutropenia due to the inhibition of CDK6 of leukocyte and neutrophil precursors in bone marrow. These hematological toxicities are more commonly observed with palbociclib administration than with abemaciclib administration, which is approximately 13 times more selective against CDK4 than CDK6. Thus, even though both successfully inhibit CDK4/6, the side effects of palbociclib and abemaciclib differ due to differences in selectivity. Recent reports have suggested an association between palbociclib and medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw; however, reports on this association are inconsistent. This study investigated the potential association of palbociclib and abemaciclib with MRONJ using the FAERS. Signals of “Osteonecrosis of jaw” were detected only in females using palbociclib (cROR025: 2.08). Other signals detected included stomatitis‐related adverse events with abemaciclib and intraoral soft tissue damage and infection with palbociclib. As previous exploratory studies have reported MRONJ signals for bisphosphonates and denosumab, we calculated the aROR for palbociclib‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw using concomitant bisphosphonates and denosumab as covariates. A signal was detected even after adjusting for sex, age, and concomitant medications as covariates (aROR0025: 5.74). A proper understanding of the differences in CDK selectivity is necessary for the appropriate use of CDK4/6 inhibitors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on CDK4/6 inhibitors and drug‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw. We believe that these results will offer new insights into adverse events related to the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors, and may aid in the proper use of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
N6‐Methyladenosine in Mammalian Messenger RNA: Function, Location, and Quantitation
Authors: Ge Ruiqi , He Mengshu Emily , Tang Weixin
Published: April 2024

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in mammalian messenger RNA (mRNA), constituting 0.1 %–0.4 % of total adenosine residues in the transcriptome. m6A regulates mRNA stability and translation, pre‐mRNA splicing, miRNA biogenesis, lncRNA binding, and many other physiological and pathological processes. While the majority of m6As occur in a consensus motif of DRm6ACH (D=A/G/U, R=A/G, H=U/A/C), the presence of such a motif does not guarantee methylation. Different RNA copies transcribed from the same gene may be methylated to varying levels. Within a single transcript, m6As are not evenly distributed, showing an enrichment in long internal and terminal exons. These characteristics of m6A deposition call for sequencing methods that not only pinpoint m6A sites at base resolution, but also quantitate the abundance of methylation across different RNA copies. In this review, we summarize existing m6A profiling methods, with an emphasis on next generation sequencing‐(NGS−)based, site‐specific, and quantitative methods, as well as several emerging single‐cell methods.
Prediction and prevention of preterm birth: Quality assessment and systematic review of clinical practice guidelines using the AGREE II framework
Authors: Ramachandran Aparna , Clottey Klorkor D. , Gordon Adrienne , Hyett Jon A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Prediction of pregnancies at risk of preterm birth (PTB) may allow targeted prevention strategies.

Objectives

To assess quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and identify areas of agreement and contention in prediction and prevention of spontaneous PTB.

Search Strategy

We searched for CPGs regarding PTB prediction and prevention in asymptomatic singleton pregnancies without language restriction in January 2024.

Selection Criteria

CPGs included were published between July 2017 and December 2023 and contained statements intended to direct clinical practice.

Data Collection and Analysis

CPG quality was assessed using the AGREE‐II tool. Recommendations were extracted and grouped under domains of prediction and prevention, in general populations and high‐risk groups.

Main Results

We included 37 CPGs from 20 organizations; all were of moderate or high quality overall. There was consensus in prediction of PTB by identification of risk factors and cervical length screening in high‐risk pregnancies and prevention of PTB by universal screening and treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria, screening and treatment for BV in high‐risk pregnancies, and use of preventative progesterone and cerclage. Areas of contention or limited consensus were the role of PTB clinics, universal cervical length measurement, biomarkers and cervical pessaries.

Conclusions

This review identified strengths and limitations of current PTB CPGs, and areas for future research.
APOE‐E4 allele as a potential marker for implantation failure: A comparison between fertile women, ART success and RIF patients
Authors: Darabi Nazanin , Mashayekhy Mehri , Borjian Boroujeni Parnaz , Mohtasebi Parinaz , Rokhsat Talab Zeinab , Zamanian Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2024

Objective

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the most important precursor for the production of steroid hormones and is also involved in regulating the function of steroid hormones, hence playing a significant role in reproductive processes. So, APOE gene expression may be correlated with the implantation process. This study tries to make a better clarification of the correlation between APOE gene polymorphisms and recurrent implantation failure (RIF), where we compared the frequency of APOE polymorphisms in RIF patients, assisted reproductive treatment (ART) success cases and fertile women.

Method

In all, 100 women with successful ART who got pregnant (fetal heart rate positive) in their first or second cycle of in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, 100 infertile RIF cases, and 100 normal fertile control cases with at least one live birth were included in present study. Following DNA extraction, genotypes were determined through polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method using HhaI restriction enzyme. Finally, statistical analysis was performed by chi‐squared (χ2) test in SPSS software (P < 0.05).

Results

The RIF group showed significantly higher frequency for E3/E4 genotype (29%) compared with the other two control groups (fertile = 15%, ART success [ART+] = 13%) (P = 0.007). There was also a significantly higher frequency of the E4 allele in the RIF group (14.5%) compared with both of the control groups (fertile = 7.5%, ART+ = 6.5%) (P = 0.018).

Conclusion

APOE4 is correlated with recurrent failure in the process of embryo implantation and, accordingly, it may potentially be considered a possible risk factor to the implantation process. The presence of E4 can be proposed as a predictive indicator in determining the results of assisted reproductive techniques.
Comparison Evaluation of Automated Nucleated Red Blood Cell Enumeration by Sysmex XN 1000 in Comparison With Microscopic Reference in Children Under 1 Year
Authors: Brunner‐Ziegler Sophie , Jilma Bernd , Grimm Gabriele , Jilma‐Stohlawetz Petra
Published: April 2024

Background

In newborns, elevated nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) levels can be associated with enhanced erythropoietic stress and might be predictive for adverse outcome. Also, the presence of NRBC in peripheral blood might lead to erroneous enumeration results of white blood cells in automated hematology analyzers. We aimed to assess the comparability of the Sysmex XN 1000 to manual slide reviews and correlation of NRBC with inflammation markers.

Methods

Specimens of 3397 children under 1 year were compared by automated and microscopic NRBC enumeration. Additionally, potential correlations between NRBC and age and inflammation markers were examined.

Results

Overall, there was good correlation (r = 0.97) between automated (range: 0%–3883%) and microscopic enumeration (range: 0%–3694%) of NRBC with high comparability up to a NRBC value of 200% and an increase in the variation between the two methods with increasing NRBC numbers. When 94 samples with ≤ 200% NRBC and ≥ 30% divergence between methods were separately reanalyzed with respect to overlapping cell populations in their scattergrams, Sysmex would have generated unrecognized incorrect automated results in 47 samples, corresponding to 1.4% of total study samples. NRBC counts were negatively correlated to age, but not to inflammation markers.

Conclusion

Sysmex XN 1000 is highly precise in the enumeration of NRBC in children under 1 year up to counts of 200% and might replace time‐intense manual counting in routine diagnostics. In the setting of neonatal and intensive care diagnostics, microscopic control and supervision of scattergrams are highly recommended for any automated NRBC enumeration processes.
Aromatic‐rich oil production from catalytic co‐pyrolysis of pine sawdust and LDPE with bifunctional biochar by different preparation methods
Authors: Qiao Haonnan , Feng Yaqi , Zhang Changsen
Published: April 2024

Background

Catalytic co‐pyrolysis of biomass with waste plastics can produce high‐quality chemicals, making it a potential alternative to fossil fuels. The production of aromatic‐rich oil was achieved in this work by the catalytic co‐pyrolysis of pine sawdust and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) using a series of biochar (BC) made using different preparation methods. Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was employed to activate the BC during the preparation process, owing to its optimal activity for the co‐pyrolysis intermediates. The study compared the effects of BCs activated using different treatment methods on the yield and fractions of pine sawdust and LDPE co‐pyrolysis in a fast pyrolysis tube furnace at 650 °C.

Results

The study indicates that the ZnCl2 BC, prepared from pine sawdust by fast pyrolysis (F‐AC), exhibited the best aromatic catalytic activity. The selectivity to aromatic hydrocarbons was 72.53%, and the content of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) was 32.17%.

Conclusion

The Diels–Alder reaction and aromatization were made more effective due to the Zn sites and large pore structure in F‐AC. Using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, it was found that F‐AC contained more oxygen (O)‐containing groups in abundance, which improved its adsorption capacity for reaction intermediates. At the same time, the porous structure and high SSA of BC provided a region for the reaction intermediate to interact with the active center containing O‐containing groups. This enhanced the synergy between biomass and plastics and raised the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons. It provides a reference for the application of carbon‐based materials in the co‐pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
“I know what I need to learn”: The intersection of aspirational and navigational capitals for marginalized‐identity STEM students
Authors: Sausner Erica B. , Wentzel Cassandra , Pitarresi James
Published: April 2024

Background

The community cultural wealth (CCW) theoretical framework recognizes the assets of oppressed communities. Within the framework, aspirational capital refers to the hope to achieve in the face of systemic barriers, while navigational capital includes tactics engaged to progress within institutions that were not designed for equitable achievement. This study explores where aspirational capital and navigational capital overlap (a frequent and theoretically relevant occurrence) for marginalized‐identity (MI) STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) students.

Purpose

This study provides insight into the experiences of higher education for MI students. Understanding students' deployment of navigational and aspirational capitals can direct change within institutions.

Design/Method

This analysis draws on 51 semi‐structured interviews with 26 participants. Multiple rounds of qualitative coding and shared meaning‐making among authors support the present findings.

Results

When aspirational capital and navigational capital overlap in student experience, three themes emerge. First, MI students use individualized actions to meet their goals; their extreme self‐reliance and engagement of priorities and milestones are key. Second, intrinsic motivators echoing meritocratic narratives encourage students. These narratives emphasize the value of hard work and taking advantage of opportunities. Finally, external forces, including institutionally based experts and culture, reflect aspirational and navigational capital engagement that support the individual's approaches and mindsets. Each finding includes nuance based on demographic categories.

Conclusions

MI students draw on aspirational and navigational capital for support in postsecondary education. Recognition of CCW components and strategies shifts the responsibility of equitable student experiences and academic success to institutions and stakeholders in STEM higher education.
Trends in mortality from gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic cancers in the United States: A comprehensive analysis (1999–2020)
Authors: Ali Hassam , Ishtiaq Rizwan , Tedder Brandon , Zweigle Joshua , Nomigolzar Romina , Dahiya Dushyant S , Moond Vishali , Humza Sohail Amir , Patel Pratik , Basuli Debargha , Tillmann Hans L
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim

This study investigates temporal trends in gastrointestinal cancer‐related mortality in the United States between 1999 and 2020, focusing on differences by sex, age, and race.

Methods

We investigated the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research multiple causes of death database (Years 1999–2020) for gastrointestinal cancer‐related mortality with a focus on the underlying cause of death.

Results

A total of 3 115 243 gastrointestinal cancer‐related deaths occurred from 1999 to 2020. The overall age‐adjusted mortality rate decreased from 46.7 per 100 000 in 1999 to 38.4 per 100 000 in 2020. The average annual percent change (AAPC) for the study period was −0.9% (95% CI: −1.0%, −0.9%, P < 0.001), with no significant difference in AAPC between the sexes but some difference between races and related to individual cancers. African Americans and Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders experienced a greater decrease in mortality compared with Whites. Mortality rates for American Indian and Alaskan Native populations also decreased significantly from 1999 to 2020 (P < 0.001). There were significant declines in esophageal, stomach, colon, rectal, and gallbladder cancer‐related mortality but increases in the small bowel, anal, pancreatic, and hepatic cancer‐related mortality (P < 0.001), with variation across different sexes and racial groups.

Conclusion

While overall gastrointestinal cancer‐related mortality declined significantly in the United States from 1999 to 2020, mortality from some cancers increased. Furthermore, differences between sexes and racial groups underscore crucial differences in gastrointestinal cancer mortality, highlighting areas for future research.
The male reproductive cycle of the brown basilisk Basiliscus vittatus (Squamata: Corytophanidae) from Tabasco, Southern Mexico
Authors: Rivera‐López José Rodrigo , Torres‐Martínez Aarón , Hernández‐Franyutti Arlette Amalia , Uribe Mari Carmen , Gribbins Kevin
Published: April 2024

We used histological and morphometric methods to study the testis and associated glands, including the epididymis, ductus deferens, and renal sexual segment (RSS), of specimens of Basiliscus vittatus sampled from Tabasco, Mexico (17.5926° N, 92.5816° W). Samples were collected throughout 1 year, which included the dry (February to May) and rainy (June to January) seasons. Spermatogenesis in B. vittatus is active throughout the year, but a significant increase in the testicular volume, diameters of seminiferous tubules, height of the germinal epithelium, spermiogenesis, and released spermatozoa occur in the dry season. During the rainy season, all aforementioned parameters decreased except the secretory activity of the epididymis and the RSS, which increased concomitant with an increase of the spermatozoa population within the ductus deferens. These data strongly suggest that B. vittatus reproduce year‐round, but males exhibit a peak in spermatogenic activity during the dry season and a peak in insemination and/or copulation at the beginning of the rainy season. We highlight the importance of analyzing not only the testis but also accessory ducts and glands when determining the reproductive cycles of reptiles. The reproductive cycle of B. vittatus is discussed in relation to the environmental conditions of Southern Mexico and is compared to that of other squamates.
Probing molecular pathways: Illuminating the connection between COVID‐19 and Alzheimer's disease through the endocannabinoid system dynamics
Authors: Sun Qingyuan , Gao Jinyang , An Ran , Wang Menggeer , Wang Yanqing
Published: April 2024

Our study investigates the molecular link between COVID‐19 and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which COVID‐19 may influence the onset or progression of AD. Using bioinformatic tools, we analyzed gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including GSE147507, GSE12685, and GSE26927. Intersection analysis was utilized to identify common differentially expressed genes (CDEGs) and their shared biological pathways. Consensus clustering was conducted to group AD patients based on gene expression, followed by an analysis of the immune microenvironment and variations in shared pathway activities between clusters. Additionally, we identified transcription factor‐binding sites shared by CDEGs and genes in the common pathway. The activity of the pathway and the expression levels of the CDEGs were validated using GSE164805 and GSE48350 datasets. Six CDEGs (MAL2, NECAB1, SH3GL2, EPB41L3, MEF2C, and NRGN) were identified, along with a downregulated pathway, the endocannabinoid (ECS) signaling pathway, common to both AD and COVID‐19. These CDEGs showed a significant correlation with ECS activity (p < 0.05) and immune functions. The ECS pathway was enriched in healthy individuals' brains and downregulated in AD patients. Validation using GSE164805 and GSE48350 datasets confirmed the differential expression of these genes in COVID‐19 and AD tissues. Our findings reveal a potential pathogenetic link between COVID‐19 and AD, mediated by CDEGs and the ECS pathway. However, further research and multicenter evidence are needed to translate these findings into clinical applications.
Convalescent plasma transfusion for immunocompromised viremic patients with COVID‐19: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Destremau Marjolaine , Chaussade Hélène , Hemar Victor , Beguet Mathilde , Bellecave Pantxika , Blanchard Elodie , Barret Amaury , Laboure Gaelle , Vasco‐Moynet Claire , Lacassin Flore , Morisse Eloïse , Aguilar Claire , Lafarge Xavier , Lafon Marie‐Edith , Bonnet Fabrice , Issa Nahéma , Camou Fabrice
Published: April 2024

This study aims to assess the safety, virological, and clinical outcomes of convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT) in immunocompromised patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study that included all immunosuppressed patients with COVID‐19 and RNAemia from May 2020 to March 2023 treated with CPT. We included 81 patients with hematological malignancies (HM), transplants, or autoimmune diseases (69% treated with anti‐CD20). Sixty patients (74%) were vaccinated, and 14 had pre‐CPT serology >264 BAU/mL. The median delay between symptom onset and CPT was 23 days [13−31]. At D7 post‐CPT, plasma PCR was negative in 43/64 patients (67.2%), and serology became positive in 25/30 patients (82%). Post‐CPT positive serology was associated with RNAemia negativity (p < 0.001). The overall mortality rate at D28 was 26%, being higher in patients with non‐B‐cell HM (62%) than with B‐cell HM (25%) or with no HM (11%) (p = 0.02). Patients receiving anti‐CD20 without chemotherapy had the lowest mortality rate (8%). Positive RNAemia at D7 was associated with mortality at D28 in univariate analysis (HR: 3.05 [1.14−8.19]). Eight patients had adverse events, two of which were severe but transient. Our findings suggest that CPT can abolish RNAemia and ameliorate the clinical course in immunocompromised patients with COVID‐19.
Orographic effects on droughts in a monsoon climate with the world's highest rainfall
Authors: Prokop Paweł , Walanus Adam
Published: April 2024

Drought, a recurring natural phenomenon in South Asia's monsoon climate, presents challenges in delineating its spatiotemporal patterns within complex topographies. This study investigated the impact of the orographic barrier in the rice‐dominated agricultural region of northeastern India and Bangladesh on drought characteristics during 1951–2020, employing the relative Standardized Precipitation Index (rSPI) and relative Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (rSPEI) across 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month scales. The results indicate that even in the rainiest region of the world, droughts extend beyond the limits of the dry season inherent in the monsoon regime. These mostly regional droughts exhibit weak correlations with the core of the Indian subcontinent and other parts of Bangladesh. The region's orographic barrier has a greater influence on drought intensity than on frequency. The rSPI index, which depends solely on rainfall, may overestimate drought intensity and frequency in regions with high seasonal/annual rainfall and substantial intermonthly variability. In contrast, the rSPEI index, which depends on both rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET), better reflects the spatial variation of drought in complex terrain, identifying the leeward hinterland of the orographic barrier as the most drought‐prone area. The two indices give similar results for drought characteristics away from the barrier. Furthermore, the orographic barrier exerts a negligible influence on the trends in rSPI and rSPEI. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights the influences of the rainfall coefficient of variation and elevation on rSPI, while the PET coefficient of variation strongly influences rSPEI. Strategies to minimize the adverse effects of drought in complex topography and year‐round cropping should be local and season‐specific. These include using shorter‐growing, drought‐resistant rice varieties and adjusting planting schedules in rain shadow areas during the summer monsoon. These efforts should be complemented by integrating indigenous irrigation methods with modern practices such as roof water harvesting and tube wells in winter.
Edible‐algae base composite film containing gelatin for food packaging from macroalgae, Gracilaroid (Gracilaria fisheri)
Authors: Boonprab Kangsadan , Chirapart Anong , Effendy Waode Nilda Arifiana
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Conventional petroleum‐based packaging films cause severe environmental problems. In the present study, bio‐edible film was introduced as being safe to replace petroleum‐based polymers. A food application for edible sachets and a composite edible film (EF) from marine algae, Gracilaria fisheri (GF) extract, were proposed.

RESULTS

Carbohydrates were the most prevalent component in fresh GF fronds. Under neutral conditions comprising 90 °C for 40 min, the structure of the extract was determined by Fourier transform infrared to be a carrageenan‐like polysaccharide. Glycerol was the best plasticizer for EF formation because it had the highest tensile strength (TS). The integration of gelatin into the algal composite film with gelatin (CFG) was validated to be significant. The best casting temperatures for 2 h were 70 and 100 °C among the four tested temperatures (25, 60, 70 and 100 °C). Temperatures did not result in any significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in any character (color values, TS, water vapor permeability, oxygen transmission, thickness and water activity), except elongation at break. Visually, the CFG had a slightly yellow appearance. The best‐to‐worst order of film stability in the three tested solvents was oil, distilled water (DW) and ethanol. Its stability in ethanol (0–100%), temperature of DW (30–100 °C) and pH (3–7 in DW) demonstrated inverse relationships with the concentration or different conditions, except for pH 8–10 in DW. All treatments were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different.

CONCLUSION

The novel material made from polysaccharides from algae, G. fisheri, was used to improve EF. The edible sachet application is plausible from the EF. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Relationship between sensory attributes and instrumental texture properties in meat analog patty system substituted with sweet potato stem
Authors: Lee You Young , Lee Suyoon , Ham Seung Hwan , Lee Min Gyu , Hahn Jungwoo , Kim Yang , Choi Young Jin
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Understanding the relationship between perceived sensory attributes and measurable instrumental properties is crucial for replicating the distinct textures of meat in plant‐based meat analogs. In this study, plant‐based patties composed of textured vegetable protein (TVP) and 10%, 20% and 30% TVPs were substituted with fibers from sweet potato stem (SPS), and their instrumental texture and sensory properties were evaluated.

RESULTS

Samples with 20% SPS showed hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness, which are the mechanical indicators most similar to those of meat. A descriptive sensory analysis by ten trained participants indicated that the SPS‐supplemented meat analog patties exhibited characteristics similar to pork patties in terms of firmness, toughness, cohesiveness and smoothness compared to the TVP‐only sample. A strong positive correlation between instrumental hardness and sensory firmness was observed (P < 0.01); however, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness did not show any correlation between instrumental and sensory analyses. Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values showed positive correlations with sensory cohesiveness, chewiness, toughness, fibrousness, moistness, firmness and springiness (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The results demonstrated the feasibility of physically treated fibers from SPS as a partial substitute for TVP in developing meat analogs. Additionally, this study suggested that instrumental hardness and WBSF measurements can be sound parameters for representing sensory texture characteristics while further developing plant‐based meat analogs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Abscisic acid reduced methoxypyrazines concentration and its derived unpleasant odors in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines
Authors: Cheng Xianghan , Liu Feifei , Liu Xiaolei , Yang Xuan
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The influences of abscisic acid (ABA) applications on precursors and gene expression in 3‐alkyl‐2‐methoxypyrazines (MPs) biosynthetic pathway, MPs concentration and sensory evaluation of its derived peculiar odors in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines were investigated. At the vineyard, ABA solution with 25, 100 and 400 mg L−1 (AT1, AT2 and AT3, respectively) and an aqueous solution (control) were sprayed three times from veraison to pre‐harvest.

RESULTS

Higher concentration ABA applications (AT2 and AT3) in grapes could significantly reduce MPs concentration and its derived peculiar odors in grapes and wines compared to a lower concentration ABA application (AT1) and control, with AT2 application having the strongest effect. The changes in MPs were mainly a result of the downregulated expression of VvOMTs genes at higher concentration ABA applications, independent of the levels of their potential precursors.

CONCLUSION

The present study reveals that ABA application had the potential to decrease production of MPs in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines, and this result provides reference values for the removal of unpleasant vegetable odors from Cabernet Sauvignon wines in production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Entangled Photon‐Magnon Bundle Emission
Authors: Bin Qian , Qiu Qing‐Yang , Wu Ying , Lü Xin‐You
Published: April 2024

Multiquanta correlation between quanta of a completely different nature is an important resource for hybrid quantum information processing since it allows quantum states of matters to be manipulated by other degrees of freedom. Here, a method is proposed to realize the hybrid bundle emission of strongly correlated single photons and magnons. The optically driven multiquanta resonance leads to the super‐Rabi oscillation between the vacuum state and photon‐magnon state, which, combined with system dissipations, generates photon‐magnon bundle emission. Interestingly, accompanied by this bundle emission, the photon‐magnon entanglement and fully inseparable photon‐magnon‐qubit tripartite entanglement are achieved. This allows the proposed hybrid system to serve as a quantum emitter of entangled photon‐magnon bundle, which is useful for building hybrid quantum network and the engineering of new types of quantum devices.
Optoelectronic Material Characterization Platform using RF Topological Edge States
Authors: Dev Sukrith , Anthony Nathan , Trendafilov Simeon , Allen Monica , Allen Jeffery
Published: April 2024

Efficient characterization of optoelectronic material properties represents a crucial step in the development of next‐generation infrared (IR) materials and devices. For the first time, a sensitive, contact‐free optoelectronic material characterization platform is demonstrated that exploits the unique properties of radio frequency (RF) topological edge states implemented in a topological microstrip waveguide. The topological device is compatible with standard printed circuit board (PCB) processes with no additional materials, stubs, or resonators. The waveguide and topological properties computationally are designed and then experimentally the results are validated with S‐parameter and near‐field measurements. Finally, as a proof of principle, the room temperature spectral response of a micron‐scale thick mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) mercury cadmium telluride (Hg0.70Cd0.30Te) is measured using the topological microstrip and a five‐fold and 20‐fold increase is demonstrated in response when compared to a plain microstrip and trivial bandgap device, respectively. These results open the door to straightforward, low‐cost characterization of optoelectronic films.
Analytic Nullstellensätze and the model theory of valued fields
Authors: Aschenbrenner Matthias , Srhir Ahmed
Published: April 2024

We present a uniform framework for establishing Nullstellensätze for power series rings using quantifier elimination results for valued fields. As an application, we obtain Nullstellensätze for ‐adic power series (both formal and convergent) analogous to Rückert's complex and Risler's real Nullstellensatz, as well as a ‐adic analytic version of Hilbert's 17th Problem. Analogous statements for restricted power series, both real and ‐adic, are also considered.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Analysis of Hirshfeld Surface of Hexa (4‐Aminopyridine) Triscopper(II) Carbonate Trihydrate
Authors: Renugadevi M. , Sinthiya Arockiasamy. , Lalitha P. , Kaur Kirtanjot
Published: April 2024

Synthesized crystal of Hexa (4‐aminopyridine) triscopper(II) carbonate trihydrate with the chemical formula C33 H42 Cu3 N12 O12. Molecular structure of synthesized compound determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) of Hexa (4‐aminopyridine) triscopper(II) carbonate trihydrate. The 4‐aminopyridine molecular is bonded with copper atoms via the aromatic ring's nitrogen atoms (Cu‐N). The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface is essential to the crystal packing process because of the intermolecular interactions. Intermolecular interactions of hydrogen bonds are revealed through Hirshfeld surface analysis viewed by 3D and 2D fingerprint plots. A novel organic‐inorganic hybrid crystal is Hexa (4‐aminopyridine) triscopper(II) carbonate trihydrate determined, and their study of this crystal reveals various intermolecular interactions responsible for crystal stability.
Antidiabetic Ligand Based Reverse Docking Studies on Isolated Phytoconstituents from Stem Bark Chloroform Extract of Strychnos nux‐vomica
Authors: Bonagiri Sreedevi , Kuchana Vijaya , Satla Shobharani
Published: April 2024

Strychnos nux‐vomica (S.N) also known as poisonous nut, Dog button, Kuchla whose seeds and barks have various components that are used in folklore and traditional medicines in different countries. Stem bark of SN is collected from local area and extracted using chloroform by soxhlation process and isolated the phytoconstituents from the chloroform extract using column chromatography method by gradient elution technique. Six compounds are isolated from the column out of which four compounds are found to be novel from the S.N. Obtained phytoconstituents are checked for in silico studies using reverse docking process with the help of Schrodinger software and the docking score indicates that the phytoconstituents are found to have very good antidiabetic action.
Assessing the Microbial Contamination Levels in Milk Samples from Rural and Urban Areas: A Focus on Raisen and Bhopal Districts
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Madhubanti , Malviya Jitendra , Barik Arundhati , Asthana Nidhi
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to assess the level of microbial contamination in raw cow milk samples collected from farms in rural and urban regions of Raisen and Bhopal districts, Madhya Pradesh, India. Recent data are gathered to investigate the microbial quality of the milk samples directly, rather than relying on reported findings from other sources. The results reveal that both rural and urban milk samples exhibit significantly higher bacterial colony counts compared to acceptable limits for total viable count. The average total viable count for urban samples is 8.699 log CFU mL−1, with a standard deviation of 0.821 log CFU mL−1, using a sample size of 1 mL. Moreover, urban samples show a higher initial incubation count (8.728 ± 0.431 log CFU mL‐1), indicating potential unsanitary milk handling practices in urban areas. In contrast, rural milk samples demonstrate significantly lower bacterial counts (8.0778 ± 0.079 log CFU mL−1) and exhibit superior laboratory sanitization measures. Enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella species, and Shigella are found in both urban and rural milk samples after isolation. However, strains of bacterial culture specific to Pseudomonas and Salmonella species are exclusively detected in urban samples, suggesting a higher contamination level in urban areas compared to rural regions. These findings highlight the urgent need for improved milk production and handling practices in both rural and urban areas, particularly in urban settings where the contamination levels are found to be significantly higher. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of microbial quality in raw cow milk and emphasize the importance of implementing appropriate interventions to ensure the safety and quality of milk consumed by the population.
Ethno‐Botanical Study of Medicinal Plants from Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh: Methanolic Extracts of Four Species and their Antimicrobial, Anti‐Inflammatory and Toxicity Properties
Authors: Soni Urvashi , Malviya Jitendra , Singh Diwakar
Published: April 2024

The traditional usage of Plumbago zeylanica L, Cassia alata L, Caesalpinia crista L, and Rubia Cordifolia L in the villages of Vidisha district in Madhya Pradesh, India, has sparked research into the plants' phytochemical makeup and a range of possible medicinal benefits. This research is the first to describe the phytochemical makeup, powerful anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of PZ stem. The PZ stem and CA fruit methanolic extracts has the greatest levels of phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol compounds and has a robust antioxidant capacity for scavenging DPPH and hydrogen peroxide with regard to A. flavus, A. baumannii, A. fumigatus, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, and R. oryzae, the anti‐bacterial and anti‐fungal activity of the chosen plant extracts are strongest for PZ, CA, and CA T. terrestris leaf.