bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALBANIAN DENTISTS ATTITUDE TO PAIN FREE LOCAL ANAESTHETICS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Hysi D. , Kuscu O.O. , Droboniku E. , Toti C. , Caglar E.
Published: February 2025

Local anaesthesia (LA) injections are stressful for the dental practitioner and the child patient. Managing and improving the skills of a dentist in giving pain free local anaesthetic injections will benefit both children and dentists. The aim of this study was to assess Albanian dentists attitude and perception about dental injections in children.

Methods: A questionnaire recording the dentist’s attitude about pain-free Local Anaesthetic Techniques in Children was used. It was structured as anonymous with six closed questions using Likert scales. Information about gender, age, region and years of practice collected. It was distributed to a convenience sample of dentists participating in the 20th Annual Dental Conference in Tirana, Albania in November 2014. The information collected was analysed using IBM SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics and one way ANOVA was used in comparing groups. The results were evaluated within a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. Consent was assumed if the dentist agreed to take part.

Results: 86(42.4%) of respondents were male and 117(57.6%) were female. The mean age was 35 years (sd 10.1) and the mean clinical practice experience was 10 years (sd 9.5). In total 72(35.5%) of dentists believed that pain is inevitable during local anaesthesia in children and 158(77.8%) agreed that a cotton pellet should be applied with a topical anaesthetic. 128 (63%) of dentists believed in the possibility of pain-free local anaesthesia in children. There was a higher agreement in males but it did not reach statistical significance. There was a statistically significant higher agreement between dentists in Tirana (the Albanian capital) p<0.03 compared with the other regions. Experience (p<0.2) and age (p<0.9) were not significant.

Conclusions: A majority of Albanian dentists report the importance of painfree dental injections in children.

Especially dentists in the capital agree on the need for painfree LA injections.
CHILD-ORAL IMPACTS ON DAILY PERFORMANCE(CHILD-OIDP) IN CHILD PATIENTS IN A ATTENDING DENTAL SCHOOL: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Kanberoglu E. , Sen B. , Muratoglu B. , Kargul B.
Published: February 2025

Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) assesses impacts of oral health conditions that affect daily activities of an individual and is commonly used as oral health related quality of life (OHRQOL) indicator. The aim of this study was to evaluate OHRQOL in Turkish children attending a dental school by using Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (C-OIDP) questionnaire.

Methods: This research was approved by Marmara University Institute of Medical Sciences, Noninvasive Clinical Researches Board of Ethics (22.02.2016-24). All relevant information and consent forms were signed by the parents of the patients. The survey was conducted during the period April 2015-January 2016 and information was collected on 72 children aged 8-14 years, attending the dental school in Istanbul, Turkey. A modified questionnaire including sociodemographic information was used. C-OIDP has been validated in Turkey (Can S., Turkish Adaptation of an Index in Foreign Language: Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance. EÜ Dişhek Fak Derg 2009; 30: 97- 103.) Oral impact of daily performance was obtained by adding scores for eight items. During the past 6 months how often have problems arisen with their mouth and teeth which caused them difficulties with 1) eating, 2) speaking, 3) cleaning teeth, 4) sleeping, 5) smiling without embarrassment, 6) emotional status, 7) enjoying social contact and 8) doing homework. Each impact score was calculated by multiplying the frequency (0 to 3) and severity (0 to 3). Then, the scores of the eight performances were summed. Finally, the overall score was the sum divided by 72 (maximum possible score) and multiplied with 100 to give a percentage score. A child can have no oral impact (score = 0) or maximum oral impacts (score = 100).

Results: 76 % of children had one or more oral impacts. The mean score of OIDP was 9.16±11.12. Eating was the most common performance affected (n=39, 54%). The prevalence of oral impacts was high for eating and cleaning teeth and low for doing homework and social contact performances.

Conclusion: This pilot study revealed that oral impacts on quality of life are prevalent among children attending a University dental clinic for treatment. The impacts are mainly related to difficulty eating. Further longitudinal studies should be performed to better understand OHRQoL measures in children.
OBESITY AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS AND THEIR ORAL HEALTH
Authors: Akyuz S. , Moufti Chousein O. , Yasar D. , Muratoglu B. , Akbas O. , Yarat A.
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate obesity among dental students and their oral health status, and to determine any association between body weight and dental caries.

Method: 150 people from 4th and 5th grade students in the 2015-2016 academic year, Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Their oral examination and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waistline) were done by the same dentist. The volunteers eating, smoking, exercising and brushing habits were collected with a questionnaire. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Marmara University. Dental status was evaluated using decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMF-T). Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight in kg by height squared (kg/m2), and classified in four groups; underweight (<18.50), normal (18.50-24.99), overweight (25.00-29.99), and obese (≥30.00) according to WHO criteria. Males and females were evaluated according to waistline measurements (female; normal 80cm, increased risk 80-87, high risk≥88. Male; normal<94, increased risk 94-101, high risk≥102). Data obtained during the survey were stored in a database (SPSS) and tested for possible statistically differences using the Chi-square test, Anova variance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. p value<0,05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The students were 73(48.7%) male and 77(51.3%) female. The mean age of students was 24.1(22- 26). The mean DMF-T score was 5 (D:1.3, M:0.4, F:3.3), and 83(55.3%) students had a DMFT score above 4. The high DMF-T scores were mainly filled teeth. 138(92%) of the students reported brushing their teeth once a day. Distribution of the students with underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese according to BMI was 10(6.7%), 110 (73.3%), 24(16%) and 6(4%) respectively. In addition, distribution of the students with normal, increased risk and high risk according to waistline measurements was 126(84%), 17 (11.3%) and 7(4.7%) respectively. As expected, BMI and anthropometric measurements were significantly different between males and females (p<0.001). The number of obese students in all groups was low. DMF-T was higher in the normal weight group than the obese group. The risk for dental caries was not found to be significantly associated with BMI or waistline measurements (p>0.1, r=-0.026, r=-0.051 respectively).

Conclusion: We conclude that there is no association between tooth decay and weight in dental students. We speculate that their intellectual levels were high enough to prevent and preserve their oral and general health.
KNOWLEDGE OF DENTISTS TOWARDS ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS IN BANDAR ABBAS CITY 2015
Authors: Sadr S. , Masoudi R. , Ansari Fard S. , Akili A.
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to determine Bandar Abbas dentists knowledge of antibiotics prophylaxis in 2015.

Methods: This descriptive analytic cross-sectional study involved dentists in Bandar Abbas in 2015. All dentists 137 in the city were invited to take part in the study. A piloted questionnaires with 53 questions on the topics of the need for antibiotic prophylaxis and prophylaxis regimes and an explanatory note were handed out to the dentists and collected in the same day. Multi- variant regression was used for data analysis.

Results: One hundred and twenty six dentists completed the questionnaire of whom 69 (53%) were men and 57 (47%) were women. The mean age of participants was 44.9 years. Mean time spent from graduation as a dentist was 11 years. Mean score for correct answers to questions on when and why to provide antibiotic prophylaxis was 72.9 (of a maximum score 104). Sixty three dentists (50%) scored less than 63 (50%).

Conclusion: In the sample of dentists, who replied to the questionnaire, 50% showed poor knowledge of when and why to prescribe prophylactic antibiotics. If this is also true for other dentists in Iran there is a need for a national educational program on this topic.
HEALTH ECONOMICS AND INEQUALITIES AFFECTING OVER-THE-COUNTER VERSUS PRESCRIBING DRUGS IN DENTISTRY
Authors: Patel N. , Shah S. , Stagnell S. , Allen Y.
Published: February 2025

In 2015, in England, dental prescriptions cost £31.2m, an increase of 19.3% from 2014 (£26.2m), continuing the trend of significant increases since 2012.

Aims: To identify widely prescribed medicines that are available Over The Counter (OTC); to establish the cost savings of obtaining OTC medicines rather than by prescription.

Methods: A review of Health and Social Care Information Centre data was performed to determine the thirty most widely prescribed drugs from the Dental Practitioners Formulary in 2015 that are available as pharmacy only medicines (P) or general sales list medicines (GSL) and to determine the thirty most prescribed drugs with the highest net ingredient cost (NIC) that are also available as P/GSL. A marginal cost analysis was undertaken of these data. Determinants affecting prescribing habits of dentists were outlined.

Results: The most commonly prescribed drug, that is also a GSL medicine, was chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) 0.2% mouthwash with 174,180 items dispensed in England in 2015, with a net ingredient cost (NIC) of £841,395. This was the 8th most prescribed dental drug in 2015. This was followed by Corsodyl mouthwash 0.2% (brand name for CG 0.2%) in 10th place with 66,874 items prescribed, costing £220,962. Ibuprofen 400mg was the most widely prescribed analgesic which is also available as a GSL/P with 43,641 items prescribed in 2015, costing £47,187. The marginal saving of obtaining ibuprofen OTC in 2015 rather than by prescription was calculated for the consumption of maximum dosage for 4 days for dental pain, with a typical cost of 50p, saved £25,336.82.

Conclusions: There are many medicines which are commonly prescribed which are also available OTC and the cost element of this is a factor all prescribers should be aware of. However, there may be multiple reasons why these medicines are prescribed and decisions should be made on an individual patient basis. Prescribing OTCs for certain patients may be more cost effective when considering the overall benefit to population health.
INVESTIGATING OSCC-SPECIFIC SALIVARY BIOMARKERS IN A HUNGARIAN POPULATION USING TARGETED PROTEOMIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS
Authors: Jakob B. , CsŐsz É. , Emri M. , KallÓ G. , MÁrton I.
Published: February 2025

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major health problem globally. Unfortunately Hungary has one of the highest incidences of OSCC in the world, therefore there is a great need for developing sensitive and specific biomarkers. Saliva has become increasingly important as a biological fluid for the detection of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify and validate biomarkers characteristic for OSCC diagnosis in the Hungarian population.

Methods: Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Debrecen Ethics Committee (No. 3385-2011) and the subjects gave informed permission. The study population was formed of 41 patients with OSCC. Twenty four age matched and 10 young healthy volunteers who had no Human Papilloma Virus infection, diabetes mellitus or any autoimmune diseases acted as controls. Fourteen proteins previously identified as potential biomarkers were selected and examined. A targeted proteomics method was developed for catalase, thioredoxin, S100A9, galectin-3 binding protein, cytokeratin 21, profiling, CD44 and CD59. Their level was examined in saliva samples of OSCC patients, age matched controls and young controls. The level of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1b, IL-1a, TNFa and VEGF was examined in saliva samples using a custom 6plex Milliplex kit. The statistical analysis of mass spectrometry data was performed using MStat software. For cytokine measurement, the U-test was used.

Results: The levels of protein S100A9, thioredoxin, IL-6 and TNFa were significantly altered in OSCC patients compared to controls (p<0.05). A ROC analysis indicated that the combination of S100A9 and thioredoxin (AUC=0.8) and IL-6 (AUC=0.9) may act as potential OSCC biomarkers applicable for the Hungarian population. For validation, the levels of these potential biomarkers were analyzed in 200 saliva samples collected in a multi centric study from the patients of the four University Medical Centers (Debrecen, Budapest, Pecs and Szeged) in Hungary using ELISA.

Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the combination of protein S100A9, thioredoxin and IL-6 seem to be useful biomarkers for OSCC detection in the Hungarian population.
Validating the socio-spiritual items of the Utrecht Symptom Diary—4 Dimensional: Content and construct validity
Authors: Lormans Tom , de Graaf Everlien , van der Baan Frederieke , Leget Carlo , Teunissen Saskia
Published: February 2025

Background:

The Utrecht Symptom Diary—4 Dimensional (USD-4D) is a multidimensional Patient-Reported Outcome Measure to monitor symptoms and needs and increase patients’ self-efficacy. Assessing the content and construct validity of the USD-4D ensures it accurately measures the intended construct and is contextually relevant.

Aims:

This study aimed to assess the content and construct validity of the socio-spiritual items of the USD-4D in a population of Dutch patients in the palliative phase of their illness.

Design:

A multiple method study was performed consisting of a cross-sectional survey and an observational cohort study.

Participants:

The study population consisted of (a) healthcare providers working with patients in the palliative phase and (b) a cohort of patients with a life limiting illness in all settings supplemented by a cohort of hospice patients.

Results:

At least 80% of participants positively assessed the items comprehensibility and relevance. About half of the respondents indicated that certain items are missing from the USD-4D. A qualitative analysis of missing topics revealed either topics for monitoring over time or topics underlying the constructs included. For every item, at least 75% of hypotheses were confirmed. One hypothesis for the item “I can let my loved ones go” was rejected.

Conclusions:

This study confirmed the content and construct validity on the socio-spiritual items of the USD-4D. Hence, the USD-4D is a validated PROM suitable to be structurally used in clinical palliative care to signal, monitor and to go into dialogue about social and spiritual aspects of patients’ values, wishes, and needs.
Chuckles of Authority: Navigating Political Humor in China Through the Political Communication Process. The Li Haoshi Incident and Trump–Clinton Duet
Authors: Chang Yung-Yung
Published: February 2025

Political humor is rarely found in the public political discourse or used to depict the political circumstances in China. This does not mean, however, that political humor is absent or irrelevant. From a political sociology perspective, Ding (2017) argues that it is an opportune moment for high-quality political humor to emerge in China; meanwhile, there is a growing perception that China is becoming increasingly authoritarian, particularly under the leadership of President Xi. Therefore, this paper will explore the relationship between political humor and political authority in China, by asking: How do political authorities in China respond to humor, and in what ways do they utilize or instrumentalize political humor, and for what purposes? The existing literature on political humor in China tends to overlook the multifaceted functions it serves and the diverse responses of citizens to political authority. By adopting a communicative, discursive rather than empowerment approach, the paper views political humor as a form of popular rhetoric and investigates its interaction with authority. It posits that political humor in China serves as both a political communication tool and a public discourse mode. The government strategically deploys it to shape public opinion in a manner that upholds the existing social order and legitimizes its governance and also fosters a nationalistic identity that aligns with its objectives. Relying on a qualitative content analysis, the article is structured as follows: first, the literature on political humor in China is reviewed; second, the concept of political legitimacy is discussed, and an analytical framework that employs a communicative and discursive approach are discussed; third, two empirical cases of political humor in China are explored (namely, the Li Haoshi incident in 2023, and the Trump–Clinton duet in 2016); and, finally, conclusions are offered to reflect the significance of political humor in Chinese politics.
Making Fun of Foreign Leaders in the Chinese Cyberspace: Understanding Zhihu Users’ Political Entertainment in Assigning Posthumous Names to U.S. Presidents
Authors: Zhou Mengdie , Song Weiqing
Published: February 2025

Growing up in an era of rapid socioeconomic development, China’s younger population is viewed by older generations and political theorists as “somewhat paradoxical” in that they are active and skillful in self-expression but apparently accommodative of the prevailing political authoritarianism. This paper presents a case study of how young Chinese internet users draw on their knowledge of Chinese dynastic history to comment on U.S. politics. We question the contention of contemporary scholars that Chinese youth use political entertainment as an alternative means of political participation, arguing instead for a more nuanced relationship between political entertainment and authoritarianism. In the context of the close surveillance of the Internet by the Chinese government, making foreign politicians targets of critique or humor is a relatively safe outlet for the passion of Chinese youth for online political comment. Chinese youth look to the internet for entertainment and as a space for political discussion and criticism, and the Chinese government is willing to tolerate these forms of harmless entertainment for the legitimation of its power. By characterizing the roles of young internet users’ political entertainment and party-state surveillance as mutually supportive, this article sheds new light on some intriguing aspects of contemporary Chinese society.
Design decisions and performance analysis in the Shigley Hauler project, a competitive machine design project
Authors: Linke Barbara S , Farouki Rida T
Published: February 2025

Practical hands-on experience in mechanical engineering education has proven to be advantageous in many studies. The Shigley Hauler project in the mechanical engineering undergraduate program at the University of California, Davis has been running for more than 23 years and asks students to design, fabricate and test an electro-mechanical system to lift a heavy load up a ramp. Students are given a small DC electric motor and a set of plastic gears and have to design, fabricate and test their system under given constraints. This paper reviews the different design approaches for subtasks and how they have evolved over the years. The availability of different manufacturing processes at the student machine shop has impacted the design and fabrication in recent years, such as additive manufacturing, waterjet cutting, and laser cutting. Lastly, internet ordering also changed the material acquisition with the improved accessibility of low-cost components and raw material, but also more risk with variable lead times and component quality, which is explored with the example of the motor sourcing. The relationship between the Shigley Hauler design and the competition results show certain best practices, but also the flexibility of the project for unusual ideas.
Imaging Climate-Related Environmental Exposures: Impact and Opportunity
Authors: Castillo Felipe , Taboun Omar , Farag Alla John , Yankova Karyna , Hanneman Kate
Published: February 2025

Climate change is the most important challenge of this century. Global surface temperature is continuously rising to new record highs, adversely affecting the health of the planet and humans. The purpose of this article is to review the impact of climate related environmental exposures on human health, healthcare delivery, and medical imaging and explore the potential to leverage medical imaging as a non-invasive tool to advance our understanding of climate related health effects. Radiology departments and healthcare systems must focus on building resilience to the effects of climate change while ensuring that the delivery of care is environmentally sustainable. Further research is needed to refine our understanding of the effects of climate change on human health and to forecast the expected changes in the demand for healthcare and radiology services.
Professional Competence and Spiritual Care Provision Among Zambian Maternal Healthcare Providers: Through the Lens of Watson's Theory of Human Caring
Authors: Khalaf Atika , Nakazwe Kalunga Cindy , Halawi Lena , Sichimba Francis
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Spiritual care is a multifaceted and integral part of holistic health within the medical standard of care, and it is a crucial component of healthcare providers’ (HCPs) job descriptions. This study aimed to investigate Zambian HCPs’ professional competence and practice of spiritual care in maternal healthcare settings, with a comparative focus on nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional design was applied among 311 maternal HCPs using an online survey with two validated instruments: Professional Competence in Spiritual Care (PCSC) and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale (NSCTS). Results: Most participants were females (63.0%) and nurses or midwives (25.1% each). The mean PCSC score was 135.4 (SD = 26.5), indicating excellent competence in spiritual care. The mean NSCTS score was 24.5 (SD = 14.2), indicating that HCPs seldom provide spiritual care. No significant differences were found in PCSC scores across different HCPs ( p = 0.065). However, midwives and medical practitioners scored significantly higher on NSCTS compared to nurses ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Zambian HCPs demonstrate excellent competence in spiritual care but seldom provide it. Nurses appear to provide inadequate spiritual care compared to other HCPs. These findings highlight the need for further investigation to identify barriers preventing nurses from delivering comprehensive spiritual care.
Enhancing eccentric hip adduction strength in soccer players: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Alsirhani Ahmed A. , Muaidi Qassim I. , Thorborg Kristian , Husain Mohamed A. , Al Attar Wesam Saleh A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Groin injuries are common in soccer, accounting for 19% of all injuries, with an incidence rate of 0.1–2.1 per 1000 h of play. The Copenhagen Adduction Exercise (CAE) is proposed to increase Eccentric Hip Adduction Strength (EHADS), potentially reducing the risk of groin injuries.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of CAE in improving EHADS among soccer players compared to no intervention or interventions without CAE.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and PEDro for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2012 and 2024. Study quality was evaluated using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2).

Results

Five RCTs involving 148 soccer players were included. CAE increased EHADS with a mean difference of 0.49 Nm/kg (95% CI [0.28, 0.70], P = 0.00001), compared to interventions without CAE or no intervention. Moderate heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 54%). The risk of bias was low, with minor concerns about deviations from interventions.

Conclusions

CAE significantly improves EHADS in soccer players, suggesting its potential to reduce groin injury risk when incorporated into training.

Study registration

PROSPERO (CRD42022327736).
Tort Law and Feminist Strategy: Lessons from Social Movement and Community Lawyering
Authors: Godden-Rasul Nikki
Published: February 2025

Tort law can be considered antithetical to radical politics for transformative social change. Predicated on incremental reforms and intertwined with a market-based insurance system, tort law commodifies and (re)produces hierarchies of harms along the lines of gender, race, class and other social relations. Nevertheless, feminists have explored whether it can be harnessed to address social and gendered harms while recognising that improving the current system can entrench it and the underpinning structural injustices. As such, the critical question is about knowing how and when it is worth mobilising tort law. Drawing on law and social movement scholarship and abolitionist conceptions of non-reformist reforms, I set out a taxonomy of indirect impacts of law and alternative political goals to legal change. This taxonomy should guide decision-making as to when, in relation to a specific issue at a particular time, it is strategically useful to mobilise tort law for intersectional feminist struggles.
Design and Validation of the Cyber Sexual Harassment Scale-Professor Student
Authors: Pineda-Marín Claudia , Vallejo-Medina Pablo , Guillén-Riquelme Alejandro , Gonzalez-Ferrer Jenniffer , Montesano Adrian
Published: February 2025

Young adult females face alarming rates of sexual victimization, with a growing concern about cybersexual harassment in the digital age (prevalence ranging from 4.6% to 70% in university female students), depending on sexual harassment parameters evaluated, different methodologies used, or sample characteristics. However, no studies so far assessed the cybersexual harassment from professor to their students. Thus, we developed and validated the Cyber Sexual Harassment Scale-Professor Student (CSHS-PS) to assess virtual sexual harassment by professors towards their students. A sample of 1,249 participants aged 18–40 was used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The CSHS-PS demonstrated a two-factor structure, capturing “Unwanted Interaction” and “Sharing with Others.” Reliability and validity were confirmed, showing promise for assessing online sexual harassment in academia. This scale contributes to understanding and addressing this prevalent issue, especially among younger women, in educational settings, providing a valuable tool for research and practice.
Rising Rate of Hospitalizations in Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Spain
Authors: Blasco-Fontecilla Hilario , Ramos José Manuel , López-Ibor María Inés , Chiclana-Actis Carlos , Faraco Manuel , González-Cabrera Joaquín , González-Fraile Eduardo , Mestre-Bach Gemma , Pinargote-Celorio Héctor , Corpas Manuel , Gallego Lucía , Corral Octavio , Soriano Vicente
Published: February 2025

Background:

Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a leading mental disorder among adolescents globally and is associated with premature mortality. Knowing the trends and key determinants of ADHD in youth are critical for earlier diagnosis and interventions.

Methods:

We retrospectively examined all hospitalizations in patients aged 11 to 18 years with ADHD in Spain, using data from the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges spanning 2000 to 2021. We compared our data with available literature.

Results:

Over the 22-year study period, there were 2,015,589 hospitalizations among adolescents in Spain, with 118,609 (5.9%) cases involving mental disorders. There were 10,292 admissions with ADHD, representing 8.7% of all hospitalizations among youth with mental disorders. Median age was of 14 years. Boys represented 72.6%. Admissions with ADHD experienced a 17-fold increase during the last decade ( p < .001). The in-hospital mortality rate for adolescents with ADHD was 0.1%, lower than for other mental disorders. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, admissions decreased but resumed its rising trend thereafter.

Conclusion:

Hospital admissions for ADHD among adolescents have significantly increased in Spain during the last two decades. This increase outpaced the mild upward trend in ADHD diagnoses over the same period, which is not due to actual increases in the incidence of ADHD, which has remained stable at 5% worldwide. Factors beyond increased awareness, improved identification, and changes in diagnostic criteria must be considered. Boys represented 72.6% of these admissions. In-hospital mortality in adolescents with ADHD was lower than for admissions with other mental disorders.
Re-examining carceral ageing through meaning: What penology can learn from gerontology
Authors: Humblet Diete
Published: February 2025

As a result of worldwide prison populations greying at an unprecedented rate, the penological community has become increasingly aware of the moral and economic implications of carceral ageing. However, research in this emerging field has been largely focussing on the extrinsic aspects of the incarceration experience, with a particular interest in the challenges that such environments pose for older individuals. In contrast, intrinsic processes, such as the drive for a meaningful existence in later life that is central to much gerontological research on (successful) ageing, have garnered limited scrutiny within contemporary prison studies and penological scholarship. Inspired by our own ethnographic research in prisons, our article will propose an integrated conceptual model to foster a more holistic understanding of carceral ageing and guide future research. This model, rooted in both penological and gerontological knowledge, navigates the complex terrain of experiencing a meaningful life amidst the realities of carceral ageing. By injecting gerontological perspectives into the traditional penological discourse, it also balances some of the adverse dimensions and opportunities attached to carceral ageing. By doing so, this article aims to reconceptualise our current understanding of carceral ageing and strives to stimulate a cross-disciplinary approach to the scientific study and management of ageing in carcerality.
Psychosocial Burden and Suicidality in Epilepsy: A Public Health Concern
Authors: Kiriakopoulos Elaine T. , Chu Felicia , Salpekar Jay , Baslet Gaston , Ghearing Gena , Altalib Hamada , Sajatovic Martha
Published: February 2025

The increased risk for psychosocial burden and suicidality in people with epilepsy compared to the general population is a well-established global public health concern. Suicidality risk is also increased in patients with functional seizures. The timely identification of patients at highest risk for psychosocial burden and self-harm is vital. This can pose a significant challenge for multidisciplinary clinicians caring for people with epilepsy. Early identification of social stressors and comorbid psychiatric contributors via screening are required to assist with the development of predictive models for self-harm in epilepsy; and subsequent options for treatment and the provision of adjunct supports in the community may help lead to evidence-based suicide prevention strategies for people with epilepsy. Too often, pervasive and common social stressors leading to self-harm go unrecognized and undertreated. Elevating clinician awareness of patient subpopulations at highest risk for suicide, and informing on the advent of evidence-based self-management programs targeting depression and self-harm presents an opportunity to increase suicide prevention in epilepsy.
Practices and perceptions in hamstring training for injury risk mitigation: A survey-based mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Ross Steven , Ripley Nicholas J , McMahon John J , Comfort Paul
Published: February 2025

In this study, the practices and perceptions of sport and exercise practitioners regarding hamstring training for injury risk mitigation were investigated. Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) remain a prevalent issue across sports, despite extensive research. An anonymous survey was conducted to assess how practitioners integrate evidence-based strategies, such as the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) and high-speed running (HSR), into their training programmes. The survey included both fixed-response and open-ended questions, enabling a mixed-methods analysis of training approaches. A total of 47 practitioners responded, revealing that most incorporate the NHE and HSR into both in-season and off-season training. However, there were notable differences in volume, with higher HSR distances and NHE volumes programmed in the off-season. Despite widespread adoption of the NHE, practitioners indicated that the volumes of NHE used are still likely higher than the smallest effective dosages reported in the literature. Thematic analyses highlighted several key challenges practitioners face, including athlete compliance with training programmes, multi-disciplinary team coordination, and time limitations. Practitioners emphasised the importance of exposing athletes to maximal running efforts to reduce HSI risk, while also integrating strength training exercises that target the hamstrings. The study serves to highlight a need for further improvements in communication among teams and better athlete education which could enhance the effectiveness of hamstring training programmes. Additionally, the findings of the current study indicate a need for future studies that explore the combined effects of resistance training and HSR, as well as how scientific recommendations can be more effectively implemented in practical settings.
Defining health promoting sports coaches skills: A systematic review
Authors: Barros Kevin , Vuillemin Anne , Rostan Florence , Lemmonier F. , Guillemin Francis , Tezier Benjamin , Van Hoye Aurélie
Published: February 2025

Sports coaches play a key role on sports participants’ health, due to the informal educational dimension inherent to sport, but feel limited in terms of health promotion (HP) implementation in their practices. The aim of this systematic mapping review is to identify coaches’ HP skills, which are already used in daily practice, and which they need to acquire, as well as leverages and barriers to their use. Based on PRISMA-P guidelines, six databases were searched using keywords close to sport coaching and skill and health. Inclusion criteria were 1) targeting organized grassroots sport coaches, 2) peer review English original articles, 3) discussing coaches’ skills. Among the 2485 studies found, 56 were included based on a double-blind selection. Analysis included: thematic coding of skills, followed by a categorization based on health determinants (social, environmental, economic and organizational) mobilized and an analysis of the types of health (social, physical and psychological) affected. Results identified ten coach's HP skills: sport participant management, health support, education, evaluation, motivation, cooperation, prevention, communication, role modeling and self-management. These skills are mostly targeting sport participant psychological health. Barriers included coaches’ own definition of the boundaries of their role, pressure from sport participants’ relatives. Leverages to skills use were self-confidence, attending training, getting experience, increasing knowledge or adhering to guidelines. Coaches’ HP skills are close both internal (e.g., self-management, role modeling) and external (in relations to sport participants or partners) and target mostly psychological health.
From surgical problem to surgical solution – lessons and reflections
Authors: Vilkki Simo K.
Published: February 2025

In this insightful and personal biographical article, Professor Vilkki recounted his journey from surgical problem to surgical solution. This was an invited article as part of the 2025 FESSH/JHSE Special Issue on ‘Technology and Innovation’. Professor Vilkki attributed his achievements to the influence of mentors, the importance of cadaveric dissections and long years of clinical experience.
The potential of preoperative dynamic electromyography in guiding targeted surgical procedures for elbow spasticity
Authors: Wang Zheng , Lunasin Ray M. , Hoffman Ernest M. , Rhee Peter C. , Lieber Richard L. , Kaufman Kenton R.
Published: February 2025

Six patients treated by hyperselective neurectomy were assessed using preoperative dynamic electromyography and intraoperative force measurements. Patients with lower preoperative biceps dynamic electromyography activation had significantly reduced force production at operation, suggesting that these findings could guide and improve procedure selection.

Level of evidence: IV
Nostalgia for the Past, Present and Future
Authors: Geniusas Saulius
Published: February 2025

In my response to the three commentaries, I emphasize the importance of philosophical reflections on nostalgia, and especially those that are oriented phenomenologically. I criticize the methodological commitments that underlie the approach taken by Constantine Sedikides and Tim Wildschut as well as their contention that nostalgia for the past is the only legitimate form of nostalgia. I reflect on the importance of various implications that James Morley and Kathleen Higgins draw in their commentaries. I accept the view presented by the three critics that nostalgia can be lived not only as a negative, but also as a positive emotion, and provide some further reflections on how positive nostalgia can be spoken of as nostalgia for the past, present and future.
MFSA: Migration flamingo search algorithm based trust aware multi-party data sharing in blockchain using hierarchical homomorphic encryption
Authors: Lakshmi TS , Jayamangala H
Published: February 2025

With the exponential growth of network technology, data sharing becomes more popular and various scholars have carried out comprehensive researches for promoting its development. Multi-party data sharing generally involves multiple participants to access and share data in a trustless environment. To gain the trust of users, it is significant to provide security guarantees that protect user's privacy and obstruct unauthorized access. Therefore, it is essential to guarantee the integrity, confidentiality and trustability of sensitive data and to overcome the risks associated with malicious attacks and unauthorized access. To bridge this gap, this research introduces Migration Flamingo Search Algorithm (MFSA) for multi-party data sharing in the blockchain using hierarchical homomorphic encryption. Initially, data owner (DO) submits a file to cloud through the smart contract (SC). Thereafter, encryption of data files is done employing Hierarchical Multipart Homomorphic Encryption (HMHE). Here, Hierarchical Squeeze Forward Fractional Net (HiSqFFNet) is employed to generate hierarchical key. HiSqFFNet is introduced by combining of Hierarchical Deep Learning Neural Network (HiDeNN) with SqueezeNet. After encryption, an encrypted data is stored in Interplanetary File Systems (IPFS). Then, access request is sent by a data requester (DR) for accessing an encrypted data. The trust manager evaluates trustability of DR and the process is accomplished using MFSA that is presented by incorporating Migration Algorithm (MA) with Flamingo Search Algorithm (FSA). If the trust is acceptable, data from IPFS is decrypted and then, file is delivered to DR. The proposed MFSA is assessed with different evaluation metrics and the evaluation is done using heart disease dataset. Additionally, MFSA has obtained minimal decryption time of 10.548sec, encryption time of 7.978sec, key complexity of 0.727, time complexity of 0.455sec for 100 kb data size with key size = 64.
The process of adaptation: Parents’ journey navigating their child's chronic health condition diagnosis
Authors: Thompson Amy L , Smith Sarah L
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to examine parents' perceptions and experiences navigating their child's chronic health condition diagnosis.

Methods

Researchers used a qualitative research design, applying a phenomenological approach to interview 15 parents of children with a chronic health condition. Researchers analyzed verbatim transcripts to develop themes and report strategies that might inform care of the child and parents.

Results

Parents described a fluid experience navigating their child's diagnosis that involved five interwoven elements: grief, anxiety, unknowing, responsibility, and positivity. Mediating processes of time and experience supported adaptation toward positivity. Experiences appeared to transcend child-specific diagnoses suggesting a common process of parent adaptation to a child's diagnosis.

Conclusion

Findings elucidate parents’ lived experiences surrounding their child's diagnosis of a chronic health condition. Parents are inextricable from their child's care; thus, findings may garner knowledge supporting providers to employ strategies that support favorable outcomes for both children and parents.
Comparative therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of ethanol and water extracts of ginger in alleviating acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and dyslipidemia
Authors: Abdel-Rasol Mohammed A , El-Beih Nadia M , El-Sayed Wael M
Published: February 2025

Background: 

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, common during pandemics like COVID-19, causes liver injury through oxidative stress. Ginger, known for its antioxidant properties, is suggested as a potential natural remedy.

Objective: 

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of ethanol ginger extract (GE) and ginger suspension (GS) on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and dyslipidemia in rats.

Methods: 

Rats were assigned to ten groups: a control group, dimethyl sulfoxide group, and groups receiving either GE or GS (150 mg/kg) for two weeks. A group given a single high dose of APAP (2500 mg/kg), groups pre-treated with GE or GS before a single dose of APAP, a group receiving three repeated doses of APAP (500 mg/kg), and groups co-administrated GE or GS along with APAP over two weeks.

Results: 

APAP administration at the two regimens significantly impaired liver function, antioxidant defenses, and lipid metabolism. These disruptions included reduced levels of antioxidant markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). Lipid metabolism alterations were evident from increased triacylglycerols (TAGs), total cholesterol (T-chol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol), alongside decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol). The high dose of APAP resulted in severe damage, indicated by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and altered protein fractions. Both GE and GS treatments significantly alleviated these APAP-induced changes, particularly in MDA, ALT, GPx, and LDL-chol levels. GE demonstrated superior protective effects compared to GS, particularly in restoring levels of GSH, ALP, CAT, SOD, GST, GR, G6PDH, HDL-chol, albumin and alpha-1 globulins. In contrast, GS showed slightly greater effects on reducing TAGs and T-chol levels.

Conclusions: 

Ginger extracts offer significant protection against APAP-induced liver damage and dyslipidemia, with GE providing more pronounced therapeutic effects.
The application of artificial intelligence in stroke research: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Peng Yun , Zhao Zhen , Rao Yutong , Sun Ke , Zou Jiayi , Liu Guanqing
Published: February 2025

Background

Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used for the prediction, diagnosis, evaluation and rehabilitation of stroke. However, the quantitative and qualitative description of this field is still lacking.

Objective

This study aimed to summarize and elucidate the research status and changes in hotspots on the application of AI in stroke over the past 20 years through bibliometric analysis.

Materials and Methods

Publications on the application of AI in stroke in the past two decades were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze the annual publication volume. The cooperation network map among countries/regions was generated on an online platform ( https://bibliometric.com/ ). CiteSpace was used to visualize the co-occurrence of institutions and analyze the timeline view of references and burst keywords. The network visualization map of keywords co-occurrence was generated by VOSviewer.

Results

A total of 4437 publications were included. The annual number of published documents shows an upwards trend. The USA published the most documents and has the top 3 most productive institutions. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation and Stroke are the journals with the most publications and citations, respectively. The keywords co-occurrence network classified the keywords into four themes, that is "rehabilitation," "machine learning," "recovery" and "upper limb function." The top 3 keywords with the strongest burst strength were "arm," "upper limb" and "therapy." The most recent keywords that burst after 2020 and last until 2023 included "scores," "machine learning," "natural language processing" and "atrial fibrillation."

Conclusion

The USA shows a leading position in this field. At present and in the next few years, research in this field may focus on the prediction/rapid diagnosis of potential stroke patients by using machine learning, deep learning and natural language processing.
Thematic Review and Discussion of Research on Herd Behavior in Capital Markets: Highlighting the Gaps and Proposing Future Research Avenues
Authors: Bharti  , Soti Nupur , Kumar Ashish
Published: February 2025

This study is anchored to assimilate the body of knowledge on herd behavior in financial markets to understand the evolution of the subject, focal concepts, and core areas researched in the past, as well as present the agenda for future research. The data involved carefully selecting 214 research articles published from 1994 to 2023 in journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. The paper examines the evolution and growth of the subject. It performs thematic review of the top 100 most influential articles to identify six focal concepts and areas discussed in the past. The findings are synthesized into three primary themes to develop a comprehensive intellectual structure for the future. The results reveal that most studies examine equity market herding in developed countries. Additionally, theoretical and empirical studies are disconnected, resulting in a partial understanding of the determinants of herd behavior. Further, there is a dominance of empirical-based studies that are inadequate in explaining the complex herd behavior. This study makes significant academic contributions through thematic review by identifying the research gaps and developing a structured framework for future research agenda complemented with the proposed methodological approach that can be used as a reference for forthcoming research.