bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformasi Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar Melalui Pendekatan Dilemma Story Pedagogy
Authors: Dewi Ikamaya Sridarma , Mariana Neni , Ekawati Rooselyna
Published: July 2023

Humans grow and develop so can freely learn according to their wishes to change views to be broader, and learning mathematics is no exception. Learning mathematics is closely related to life, but reality is contrary to the situation on the ground. Mathematics learning based on open without any approach to life's problems. This research explore experiences related to life's problems through critical reflection within oneself, so moral dilemma story emerges and can change one's views regarding mathematics learning in elementary schools through the dilemma story pedagogy. Type of this research uses qualitative-transformative, understanding and experiences related to oneself and relationships with life's problems that can influence views on learning mathematics. The method used is auto |ethnography with several paradigms include interpretive, critical, and post-modern paradigms. The research instrument of the researcher themself as the main data source, literature studies and semi-structured interviews. Research subjects included researchers, class teachers, and fifth grade elementary school students. Data analysis in this research uses five ways knowing, starting from cultural self-knowing, relational knowing, critical knowing, visionary and ethical knowing, and then knowing in action. The results showed that analysis of cultural identity data of researchers and research subjects as students who had studied mathematics and experienced life's dilemmas influence the transformation of views to learning mathematics which was frightening become fun through the dilemma story pedagogy approach. Resulting in changes in the views of both researchers and participants including readers regarding the understanding of learning mathematics in elementary schools with the dilemma story pedagogy.
Analysis of The Leadership Empowerment Principles of The Principal of SMPN 2 Piabung Anambas Islands District
Authors: Ariska Anggi , Khamidi Amrozi , Sumbawati Meini Sondang
Published: July 2023

Empowering school principals' leadership toward teachers is an indicator of behavior in improving the quality of education. This is the school principal's responsibility to foster and mobilize teaching human resources to improve the professionalism of their performance, including at SMPN 2 Piabung. This research aims to analyze the implementation of empowering school principals in developing professional teachers at SMPN 2 Piabung. The method in this study uses mixed methods research. Qualitative methods complement the use of quantitative methods. Data was collected through a questionnaire and participant observation. Statistical data analysis in the form of min, frequency, and mean for data presentation. Questionnaire data were analyzed using Software SPSS version 25.0, while qualitative data were analyzed by explanation. The results of the study show: (1) empowerment in the form of encouraging teachers to make effective use of school infrastructure, delegating tasks proportionally (task division), forming coordinators for academic development and extracurricular activities, and supervising the running of school programs and requesting reports on program implementation very high rating; (2) empowerment in the form of involving teachers in planning school programs, inviting teachers to develop knowledge, skills, and experience through training programs, carrying out responsibilities transparently and reporting every decision to get maximum results, and giving rewards (praise, encouragement, and feedback to the teacher) is at the moderate rating level.
Some Inequalities over the Eigenvalues of a Strongly Regular Graph
Authors: Vieira Luıs
Published: July 2023

Let’s consider a primitive strongly regular graph G. In this paper, we establish some inequalities over the spectrum of G in the environment of a real finite dimensional Euclidean Jordan algebra A associated with G recurring to a spectral analysis of some elements of A and recurring to a spectral analysis of the Generalized Krein parameters of G.
Lógica Formal, Representación e Intuición
Authors: Fernández Cuesta José Alejandro
Published: July 2023

El estudio filosófico de la representación de objetos matemáticos exige definir, previamente, qué entendemos por intuición. En el presente artículo introduzco un argumento que muestra por qué no podemos representar todo objeto manipulable conceptualmente hablando. Para alcanzar esta conclusión admitiré que existen ciertos objetos abstractos no aprehensibles de manera intuitiva. Y, para ello, repasaré históricamente su caracterización y definición formal. Finalmente, asentaré una base actualizada sobre la que iniciar un estudio específico acerca del papel de la representación de objetos en ciencias formales.
Textiloma Intraluminal, Cambios Fisiológicos del Embarazo como Factores de Tolerancia
Authors: Torres Pérez Vicente de Paul , Torres Pérez Beatriz Margarita , Albarrán Gómez Gustavo Rodrigo , Chávez Zaragoza Ricardo
Published: July 2023

Se presenta el caso de paciente femenino de 24 años de edad, la cual cuenta con los antecedentes ginecológicos de 4 gestas (2 partos, 1 cesárea y 1 aborto), que acude a urgencias en su día 38 de puerperio posparto, por presentar dolor abdominal moderado, náuseas, astenia y adinamia, así como una tumoración a nivel periumbilical indurada, no reductible, dolorosa a la movilización, y presencia de ruidos peristálticos aumentados, Se decide pasar a quirófano bajo el diagnóstico de hernia umbilical incarcerada. Los hallazgos posoperatorios fueron: oclusión parcial de intestino delgado por cuerpo extraño (gossypiboma), asas de yeyuno adheridas a la pared abdominal y epiplón, así como liquido de reacción inflamatoria. Se presenta el caso y revisión de la bibliografía, para tratar de entender cómo es que los cambios fisiológicos durante el embarazo y el proceso cicatricial del intestino, permiten una mejor tolerancia a los cuerpos extraños en estas pacientes.
Narrativas docentes sobre las concepciones de enseñanza de la escritura
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez José Antonio
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo se asocia a la investigación doctoral Significados de las prácticas escriturales de los docentes de lenguaje de Básica Secundaria a través de sus narraciones biográficas. El objetivo general es comprender las configuraciones sobre los significados que emplean los docentes de Lenguaje de Básica Secundaria en sus narrativas sobre sus prácticas docentes escriturales. Se develan las voces de seis docentes de Lengua Castellana de la ciudad de Montería de la zona urbana nombrados en propiedad, las opiniones y los comentarios sobre sus experiencias docentes, estimando factores que facilitan o dificultan el desarrollo de su trabajo. El estudio se aborda desde el enfoque cualitativo, paradigma interpretativo. Se utiliza el método biográfico narrativo. Los resultados muestran que las prácticas de enseñanza evidencian que en ocasiones éstas se encuentran anquilosadas en teorías de reproducción y resistencia. Así mismo se refleja que las prácticas de aula de los docentes de Lengua Castellana muestran una marcada divergencia con las políticas educativas actuales.
Eficacia de la plataforma Edmodo en el aprendizaje del idioma inglés en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Bastidas Ricaldi María del Pilar , Alvarado Acuña Georgina Rosa , Callata Mamani Raquel Susana , Gamarra Flores Lesly Liliana , Maurtua Castañeda Agatha , Pareja Ballón Aydé Yrene
Published: July 2023

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la eficacia de la plataforma Edmodo en el aprendizaje del idioma inglés en estudiantes universitarios. Es un estudio cuantitativo, cuasi experimental. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron la prueba de conocimientos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 26 estudiantes del grupo experimental y 30 estudiantes del grupo control. Para la prueba de la hipótesis se utilizó el estadístico no paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney. Los resultados evidenciaron una mejora significativa en el post test ya que el 30,8 % de los estudiantes del grupo experimental se ubicó en los niveles bueno y excelente, mientras que en el pre test sólo el 3,8% se ubicó en el nivel muy bueno y bueno. Se concluyó que la plataforma Edmodo es eficaz en el aprendizaje del idioma inglés en estudiantes universitarios.
Construcción de trayectorias teóricas desde el emprendimiento hacia la gerencia y el desarrollo local.
Authors: Pinargote Navarrete Evelyn Tatiana , Sánchez Ramírez Verónica Beatriz , Piloso Chávez Karen Johana
Published: July 2023

El emprendimiento es una acción impulsada por la iniciativa de un individuo que asume riesgos al aprovechar una oportunidad en su entorno. Sin embargo, va más allá de la búsqueda de beneficios económicos, ya que implica emprender a través de la creación de empresas, la generación de autoempleo o la mejora de organizaciones existentes. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar contribuciones teóricas sobre el emprendimiento, comprender su relación con conceptos como la gerencia y el desarrollo local, y analizar si la gerencia desempeña un papel fundamental en los emprendimientos. Además, se busca determinar si la existencia de un espíritu emprendedor en una comunidad tiene efectos positivos en su desarrollo. Esta investigación se desarrolló utilizando un enfoque racionalista cualitativo y descriptivo, mediante una revisión bibliográfica desde una perspectiva analítica y lógico-deductiva para comprender la evolución teórica del emprendimiento. Asimismo, es posible concluir con las diferentes revisiones realizadas que el emprendimiento ha jugado un papel fundamental en el desarrollo local al generar oportunidades de empleo que permiten elevar el nivel de vida de la población, promoviendo la equidad, la participación comunitaria y la economía solidaria.
La evaluación formativa y logros de aprendizaje en el área ciencia y tecnología en estudiantes secundaria
Authors: Welson Valencia de Calderón Marleny Maribel
Published: July 2023

Los avances en la evaluación formativa  y los logros de aprendizaje son aspectos fundamentales en el proceso educativo de los alumnos de secundaria en las escuelas peruanas. Esta evaluación formativa es una metodología ininterrumpida y organizada que se lleva a cabo durante todo el proceso pedagógico, cuyo propósito es ofrecer retroalimentación y guía para enriquecer el aprendizaje de los alumnos. La evaluación formativa se ha convertido en una herramienta clave para seguir el avance de los estudiantes, reconocer sus fortalezas y debilidades, y ajustar las tácticas pedagógicas en función de sus necesidades individuales. Además, se busca fomentar la autorreflexión y la autorregulación en los estudiantes, promoviendo su participación activa en el proceso educativo. El empleo de la evaluación formativa permite identificar y reconocer las necesidades individuales de los estudiantes y ofrecer una educación más personalizada. Además, brindar  información relevante para mejorar los programas educativos y fortalecer la calidad de la enseñanza. También fomenta el  compromiso y la dedicación de hacia su propio proceso de aprendizaje. En conclusión, los logros de aprendizaje y la evaluación formativa son elementos esenciales en el sistema educativo de las escuelas secundarias en Perú. Estas prácticas contribuyen a ayudan a perfeccionar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, promoviendo el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes y preparándolos para enfrentar los desafíos del futuro. El propósito del presente estudio es analizar el uso de la evaluación formativa y los resultados de aprendizaje entre los estudiantes de educación secundaria.
An attitude towards the effects of heavy metals in medicinal plants
Authors: Alinia Ahandani Ebrahim , Rafeie Farjad , Alizadeh-Tarpoei Zahra , Hajipour Sahebeh , Selamoglu Zeliha , Heidari-Bazardehy Seyed Sara
Published: July 2023

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that can be found in soil and water. They are essential for many biological processes but can also be toxic to humans when present in high concentrations. Medical plants, which are used for their therapeutic properties, may accumulate heavy metals in the soil. The accumulation of heavy metals in medical plants poses a significant risk to human health as these plants are often consumed as herbal remedies or dietary supplements. Long-term exposure to heavy metals such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) can cause serious health problems such as neurological damage, kidney damage, cancer and developmental disorders. Therefore, it is important to ensure that medical plants are grown in areas with free or less contamination by heavy metals. Additionally, proper processing techniques should be employed to remove any residual heavy metal content before consumption. This review article tries to address and review related scientific papers in regard to heavy metals in medical plants.
Predictive Analysis of COVID-19 Patients in Thailand using Multiple Countries Data
Authors: Vorathamthongdee Siratee , Chongstitvatana Prabhas
Published: July 2023

COVID-19 is a situation that has spread worldwide since 2019. This study predicts the number of patients with COVID-19 in Thailand. Using data between January 22, 2020, and December 31, 2021, we collect confirmed cases from John Hopkins open data. Using the machine learning model to predict the number of patient cases in the country helps the government manage its policies and resources. In this study, the K-Means clustering algorithm performs to group the countries that have similar patterns of confirmed cases to Thailand. Clustering results show that Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Cuba, Iraq, Mexico, and Vietnam are all in the same cluster as Thailand. Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict the confirmed case of Thailand by feeding the model pairs of countries in the same cluster as Thailand, the performance of LSTM shows that using pairs of countries between Bangladesh, Japan, and Mexico with Thailand has the lowest error on MAPE, respectively, when compared to using only Thailand data.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Student Decisions in Selecting Sharia Economics Study Program at The Faculty of Islamic Religion Muhammadiyah University Yogyakarta
Authors: RUSANDRY Rusandry , SAMSUDDIN Ardian
Published: July 2023

Purpose:This study analyzes factors influencing students to take the Yogyakarta Muhammadiyah University's Islamic Economics program. The factors that researchers will study include interest, motivation, parental status, and employment which are expected.Methodology: This study uses a questionnaire method by making a list of questions and giving them to respondents in the hope of responding to these questions.Findings:Measurement variable is done by Likert scale using the suspension method. The population in this study were undergraduate students at the Faculty of Religion Islam Department of Sharia Economics at Yogyakarta Muhammadiyah University.Implication:The sampling method was carried out by accidental sampling, a sampling technique based on coincidence/incidental encounter researchers. It can be used as a sample if viewed by someone who coincidentally encountered it; it is suitable as a data source.
Multiculturalism in the Quran (Tafsir Siyasy Analysis Q.S Al-Hujarat Verse 13)
Authors: AMIN Moh , KAUNAIN Muflih Fahmi
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This article discusses multiculturalism by analyzing the contemporary interpretation of Q.S Al-Hujarat verse 13, which is the rationale for the diversity of human backgrounds in Islam.Methodology: The methodology used is descriptive analysis with the type of qualitative research- literature study, which uses references related to contemporary interpretation and multiculturalism thoughts Q.S Al-Hujarat verse 13. The theory used in this article is the Contemporary Method of Interpreting the Quran from Abdullah Saeed, a contemporary interpretation method to analyze verses related to the latest social, political, and other societal problems.Findings: Abdullah Saeed's tafsir theory was chosen because this tafsir is a tafsir that has a contextual and renewable interpretation method in looking at current social problems in particular and universally.Implication: The result of this article is that two values reflect multiculturalism in the Quran. First is the value of Inclusiveness and Plurality, which is the fundamental value of diversity that humanity must own. Second, Justice and Equality must be applied in life indiscriminately.
Lithium in Kepler Red Giants: Defining Normal and Anomalous
Authors: Tayar Jamie , Carlberg Joleen K. , Aguilera-Gómez Claudia , Sayeed Maryum
Published: July 2023

The orders-of-magnitude variations in the lithium abundances of evolved stars have long been a puzzle. Diluted signals, ambiguous evolutionary states, and unknown masses have made it challenging to both map the expected lithium signals and explain the anomalously lithium-rich stars. Using a set of asteroseismically characterized evolved stars, we show here that the base lithium abundance in red giant stars is mass-dependent, with higher-mass stars having higher “normal” lithium abundances, while highly lithium-enhanced stars may cluster around 0.8 or 1.8 M
☉. We confirm previous studies that have shown that lithium enhancement and rapid rotation are often coincident but find that the actual correlation between lithium abundance and rotation rate, whether surface, internal, or radial differential rotation, is weak. Our data support previous assertions that most lithium-rich giants are in the core-helium-burning phase. We also note a tentative correlation between the highest lithium abundances and unusual carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, which is suggestive of binary interactions, though we find no simple correlation between lithium richness and indicators of binarity.
Application of the Disk Instability Model to All Quasiperiodic Eruptions
Authors: Pan Xin , Li Shuang-Liang , Cao Xinwu
Published: July 2023

After the first quasiperiodic eruption (QPE; GSN 069) was reported in 2019, four other sources have been identified as a QPE or a candidate. However, the physics behind QPEs is still unclear, although several models have been proposed. Pan et al. proposed an instability model for an accretion disk with magnetically driven outflows in the first QPE of GSN 069, which is able to reproduce both the light curve and the evolution of the spectra fairly well. In this work, we extend this model to all QPEs. We improve the calculations of the spectrum of the disk by introducing a hardening factor, which is caused by a deviation of opacity from a blackbody. We find that the light curves and evolution of the spectra of the four QPEs and candidates can all be well reproduced by our model calculations.
Understanding the Level of Turbulence by Asymmetric Distributions: A Motivation for Measurements in Space Plasmas
Authors: Gallo-Méndez Iván , Moya Pablo S.
Published: July 2023

In this article, on the basis of the Langevin equation applied to velocity fluctuations, we numerically model the partial variance of increments, which is a useful tool to measure time and spatial correlations in space plasmas. We consider a coupled map lattice model to relate the spatial scale of fluctuations, k, to some macro parameters of the systems, such as the Reynolds number, R

λ
, the κ parameter of Kappa distributions, and a skewness parameter, δ. To do so, we compute the velocity probability density function (pdf) for each spatial scale and different values of Reynolds number in the simulations. We fit the pdf with a Skew–Kappa distribution, and we obtain a numerical relationship between the level of turbulence of the plasma and the skewness of obtained distributions, namely,

〈
δ
〉
∼

R

λ

−
1

/

2

. We expect the results exposed in this paper to be useful as a tool to characterize the turbulence in the context of space plasma and other environments.
2 mm Observations and the Search for High-redshift Dusty Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Cowie L. L. , Barger A. J. , Bauer F. E.
Published: July 2023

Finding high-redshift (z ≫ 4) dusty star-forming galaxies is extremely challenging. It has recently been suggested that millimeter selections may be the best approach since the negative K-correction makes galaxies at a given far-infrared luminosity brighter at z ≳ 4 than those at z = 2–3. Here we analyze this issue using a deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 2 mm sample obtained by targeting ALMA 870 μm priors (these priors were the result of targeting SCUBA-2 850 μm sources) in the GOODS-S. We construct prior-based 2 mm galaxy number counts and compare them with published blank field-based 2 mm counts, finding good agreement down to 0.2 mJy. Only a fraction of the current 2 mm extragalactic background light is resolved, and we estimate what observational depths may be needed to resolve it fully. By complementing the 2 mm ALMA data with a deep SCUBA-2 450 μm sample, we exploit the steep gradient with a redshift of the 2 mm–450 μm flux density ratio to estimate redshifts for those galaxies without spectroscopic or robust optical/near-infrared photometric redshifts. Our observations measure galaxies with star formation rates in excess of 250 M
⊙ yr−1. For these galaxies, the star formation rate densities fall by a factor of 9 from z = 2–3 to z = 5–6.
Quantifying the Energy Budget in the Solar Wind from 13.3 to 100 Solar Radii
Authors: Halekas J. S. , Bale S. D. , Berthomier M. , Chandran B. D. G. , Drake J. F. , Kasper J. C. , Klein K. G. , Larson D. E. , Livi R. , Pulupa M. P. , Stevens M. L. , Verniero J. L. , Whittlesey P.
Published: July 2023

A variety of energy sources, ranging from dynamic processes, such as magnetic reconnection and waves, to quasi-steady terms, such as plasma pressure, may contribute to the acceleration of the solar wind. We utilize a combination of charged particle and magnetic field observations from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) to attempt to quantify the steady-state contribution of the proton pressure, the electric potential, and the wave energy to the solar wind proton acceleration observed by PSP between 13.3 and ∼100 solar radii (R
☉). The proton pressure provides a natural kinematic driver of the outflow. The ambipolar electric potential acts to couple the electron pressure to the protons, providing another definite proton acceleration term. Fluctuations and waves, while inherently dynamic, can act as an additional effective steady-state pressure term. To analyze the contributions of these terms, we utilize radial binning of single-point PSP measurements, as well as repeated crossings of the same stream at different distances on individual PSP orbits (i.e., fast radial scans). In agreement with previous work, we find that the electric potential contains sufficient energy to fully explain the acceleration of the slower wind streams. On the other hand, we find that the wave pressure plays an increasingly important role in the faster wind streams. The combination of these terms can explain the continuing acceleration of both slow and fast wind streams beyond 13.3 R
☉.
A VLBI Proper Motion Analysis of the Recoiling Supermassive Black Hole Candidate Mrk 1018
Authors: Walsh Gregory , Burke-Spolaor Sarah , Lazio T. Joseph W.
Published: July 2023

Mrk 1018 is a nearby changing-look active galactic nucleus (AGN) that has oscillated between spectral Type 1.9 and Type 1 over a period of 40 yr. Recently, a recoiling supermassive black hole (rSMBH) scenario has been proposed to explain the spectral and flux variability observed in this AGN. Detections of rSMBHs are important for understanding the processes by which SMBH binaries merge and how rSMBHs influence their galactic environment through feedback mechanisms. However, conclusive identification of any rSMBHs has remained elusive to date. In this paper, we present an analysis of 6.5 yr of multifrequency Very Long Baseline Array monitoring of Mrk 1018. We find that the radio emission is compact down to 2.4 pc, and it displays flux density and spectral variability over the length of our campaign, typical of a flat-spectrum radio core. We observe proper motion in RA of the radio core at −36.4 ± 8.6 μas yr−1 (4.2σ), or 0.10c ± 0.02c at the redshift of Mrk 1018. No significant proper motion is found in DEC (31.3 ± 25.1 μas yr−1). We discuss possible physical mechanisms driving the proper motion, including an rSMBH. We conclude that the apparent velocity we observe of the VLBI radio core is too high to reconcile with theoretical predictions of rSMBH velocities and that the proper motion is most likely dominated by an unresolved, outflowing jet component. Future observations may yet reveal the true nature of Mrk 1018. However, our observations are not able to confirm it as a true rSMBH.
Understanding the Molecular Kinetics and Chemical Equilibrium Phase of Frozen CO during Bombardment by Cosmic Rays by Employing the PROCODA Code
Authors: Pilling S. , Carvalho G. A. , de Abreu H. A. , Galvão B. R. L. , da Silveira C. H. , Mateus M. S.
Published: July 2023

Within the cold regions of space, ices that are enriched with carbon monoxide (CO) molecules are exposed to ionizing radiation, which triggers new reactions and desorption processes. Laboratory studies on astrochemical ices employing different projectiles have revealed the appearance of several new species. In this study, we employed the upgraded PROCODA code, which involves a calculation phase utilizing thermochemistry data, to map the chemical evolution of pure CO ice irradiated by cosmic-ray analogs. In the model, we have considered 18 different chemical species (six observed: CO, CO2, C3, O3, C2O, and C5O3; 12 unobserved: C, O, C2, O2, CO3, C3O, C4O, C5O, C2O2, C2O3, C3O2, and C4O2) coupled at 156 reaction routes. Our best-fit model provides effective reaction rates (effective rate constants, (ERCs)), branching ratios for reactions within reaction groups, several desorption parameters, and the characterization of molecular abundances at the chemical equilibrium (CE) phase. The most abundant species within the ice at the CE phase were atomic oxygen (68.2%) and atomic carbon (18.2%), followed by CO (11.8%) and CO2 (1.6%). The averaged modeled desorption yield and rate were 1.3e5 molecules ion−1 and 7.4e13 molecules s−1, respectively, while the average value of ERCs in the radiation-induced dissociation reactions was 2.4e-1 s−1 and for the bimolecular reactions it was 4.4e-24 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. We believe that the current kinetics study can be used in future astrochemical models to better understand the chemical evolution of embedded species within astrophysical ices under the presence of an ionizing radiation field.
Lensing Reconstruction from the Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization with Machine Learning
Authors: Yan Ye-Peng , Wang Guo-Jian , Li Si-Yu , Yan Yang-Jie , Xia Jun-Qing
Published: July 2023

The lensing effect of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a powerful tool for our study of the distribution of matter in the universe. The quadratic estimator (QE) method, which is widely used to reconstruct lensing potential, has been known to be suboptimal for the low noise level polarization data from next-generation CMB experiments. To improve the performance of the reconstruction, other methods, such as the maximum-likelihood estimator and machine-learning algorithms, have been developed. In this work, we present a deep convolutional neural network model named the Residual Dense Local Feature U-net (RDLFUnet) for reconstructing the CMB lensing convergence field. By simulating lensed CMB data with different noise levels to train and test network models, we find that for noise levels less than 5 μK-arcmin, RDLFUnet can recover the input gravitational potential with a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the previous deep-learning and traditional QE methods at almost the entire observation scale.
A Comprehensive Simulation of Solar Wind Formation from the Solar Interior: Significant Cross-field Energy Transport by Interchange Reconnection near the Sun
Authors: Iijima Haruhisa , Matsumoto Takuma , Hotta Hideyuki , Imada Shinsuke
Published: July 2023

The physical connection between thermal convection in the solar interior and the solar wind remains unclear due to their significant scale separation. Using an extended version of the three-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic code RAMENS, we perform the first comprehensive simulation of the solar wind formation, starting from the wave excitation and the small-scale dynamo below the photosphere. The simulation satisfies various observational constraints as a slow solar wind emanating from the coronal hole boundary. The magnetic energy is persistently released in the simulated corona, showing a hot upward flow at the interface between open and closed fields. To evaluate the energetic contributions from Alfvén wave and interchange reconnection, we develop a new method to quantify the cross-field energy transport in the simulated atmosphere. The measured energy transport from closed coronal loops to open field accounts for approximately half of the total. These findings suggest a significant role of the supergranular-scale interchange reconnection in solar wind formation.
ALMA Reveals a Stable Rotating Gas Disk in a Paradoxical Low-mass, Ultradusty Galaxy at z = 4.274
Authors: Pope Alexandra , McKinney Jed , Kamieneski Patrick , Battisti Andrew , Aretxaga Itziar , Brammer Gabriel , Diego Jose M. , Hughes David H. , Keller Erica , Marchesini Danilo , Mizener Andrew , Montaña Alfredo , Murphy Eric , Whitaker Katherine E. , Wilson Grant , Yun Min
Published: July 2023

We report ALMA detections of [C ii] and a dust continuum in Az9, a multiply imaged galaxy behind the Frontier Field cluster MACS J0717.5+3745. The bright [C ii] emission line provides a spectroscopic redshift of z = 4.274. This strongly lensed (μ = 7 ± 1) galaxy has an intrinsic stellar mass of only 2 × 109
M
⊙ and a total star formation rate of 26 M
⊙ yr−1 (∼80% of which is dust-obscured). Using public magnification maps, we reconstruct the [C ii] emission in the source plane to reveal a stable, rotation-dominated disk with V/σ = 5.3, which is >2× higher than predicted from simulations for similarly high-redshift, low-mass galaxies. In the source plane, the [C ii] disk has a half-light radius of 1.8 kpc and, along with the dust, is spatially offset from the peak of the stellar light by 1.4 kpc. Az9 is not deficient in [C ii]; L
[C II]/L
IR = 0.0027, consistent with local and high-redshift normal star-forming galaxies. While dust-obscured star formation is expected to dominate in higher-mass galaxies, such a large reservoir of dust and gas in a lower-mass disk galaxy 1.4 Gyr after the Big Bang challenges our picture of early galaxy evolution. Furthermore, the prevalence of such low-mass dusty galaxies has important implications for the selection of the highest-redshift dropout galaxies with JWST. As one of the lowest stellar mass galaxies at z > 4 to be detected in a dust continuum and [C ii], Az9 is an excellent laboratory in which to study early dust enrichment in the interstellar medium.
Interstellar Comets from Post-main-sequence Systems as Tracers of Extrasolar Oort Clouds
Authors: Levine W. Garrett , Taylor Aster G. , Seligman Darryl Z. , Hoover Devin J. , Jedicke Robert , Bergner Jennifer B. , Laughlin Gregory P.
Published: July 2023

Interstellar small bodies are unique probes into the histories of exoplanetary systems. One hypothesized class of interlopers are “Jurads,” exocomets released into the Milky Way during the post-main-sequence as the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (AGB) host stars lose mass. In this study, we assess the prospects for the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) to detect a Jurad and examine whether such an interloper would be observationally distinguishable from exocomets ejected during the (pre-)main-sequence. Using analytic and numerical methods, we estimate the fraction of exo–Oort Cloud objects that are released from 1–8 M
⊙ stars during post-main-sequence evolution. We quantify the extent to which small bodies are altered by the increased luminosity and stellar outflows during the AGB, finding that some Jurads may lack hypervolatiles and that stellar winds could deposit dust that covers the entire exocomet surface. Next, we construct models of the interstellar small body reservoir for various size–frequency distributions and examine the LSST’s ability to detect members of those hypothesized populations. Combining these analyses, we highlight the joint constraints that the LSST will place on power-law size–frequency distribution slopes, characteristic sizes, and the total mass sequestered in the minor planets of exo–Oort Clouds. Even with the LSST’s increased search volume compared to contemporary surveys, we find that detecting a Jurad is unlikely but not infeasible given the current understanding of (exo)planet formation.
First record of Mastacembelus notophthalmus (Actinopterygii: Synbranchiformes: Mastacembelidae) for Belitung Island, Indonesia
Authors: Hasan Veryl , Vieira Lucas O. , South Josie , Ottoni Felipe P.
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted aiming to record for the first time the occurrence of Mastacembelus notophthalmus Roberts, 1989 in Belitung Island (Indonesia), and update the geographic distribution of this species. Although this species is categorized as LC according to the IUCN Red List, it is rarely reported in fish inventories, with few specimens sampled. Moreover, data on the geographic distribution, population size, and other population details of M. notophthalmus are scarce and insufficient to predict possible threats and propose appropriate conservation measures and policies. A single specimen of Mastacembelus was collected using a fish trap on 20 February 2023, in a swamp, located in the middle course of the Lenggang River, Belitung Island, Indonesia. This specimen was identified as M. notophthalmus and this finding constitutes the southernmost record for this species, expanding its geographic range. In addition, the new record site is about 700 km south-east of the nearest locality in Peninsular Malaysia, about 250 km south-east of the nearest locality in Bangka Island, about 600 km south-east of the nearest locality in Sumatra, and about 500 km south-west from the nearest locality in Borneo. Better ecological and biological data concerning distribution, habitat, and stressors is crucial to reassess the conservation status of M. notophthalmus, and possible future conservation measures and policies. Therefore, we emphasize here the urgency for more comprehensive and accurate data to facilitate conservation assessments and management in Indonesia.
Demographic and socioeconomic determinants of internet usage in Indonesia
Authors: Rajagukguk Wilson , Heatubun Adolf , Pane Medyawanti
Published: July 2023

Digital divide is relatively high in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of internet usage in Indonesia. The data used came from the results of the National Socioeconomic Survey in 2021. The unit analysis was population aged 15 years and above who had at least one digital gadget. The dependent variable was the number of internet usage. The independent variables included gender, age, number of household members, marital status, education, working status, place of dwelling, island of residence, and number of digital gadget type owned. Data analysis was used with univariate, bivariate and multivariate methods. Binary Logistic Regression model is used in multivariate analysis. The results of study indicated that higher internet usage was associated with being male, being younger, having smaller number of household members, being unmarried, having higher education, dwelling in urban areas, living in Java island, and owning more digital gadget types. These findings suggest the need to improve access to higher internet usage among women, older people, married individuals, rural dwellers, and Outer Java inhabitants, to promote family planning, to improve education, and to facilitate access to more digital gadgets in order to reduce digital divide and to boost 4.0 global competitiveness in Indonesia.Digital divide is relatively high in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of internet usage in Indonesia. The data used came from the results of the National Socioeconomic Survey in 2021. The unit analysis was population aged 15 years and above who had at least one digital gadget. The dependent variable was the number of internet usage. The independent variables included gender, age, number of household members, marital status, education, working status, place of dwelling, island of residence, and number of digital gadget type owned. Data analysis was used with univariate, bivariate and multivariate methods. Binary Logistic Regression model is used in multivariate analysis. The results of study indicated that higher internet usage was associated with being male, being younger, having smaller number of household members, being unmarried, having higher education, dwelling in urban areas, living in Java island, and owning more digital gadget types. These findings suggest the need to improve access to higher internet usage among women, older people, married individuals, rural dwellers, and Outer Java inhabitants, to promote family planning, to improve education, and to facilitate access to more digital gadgets in order to reduce digital divide and to boost 4.0 global competitiveness in Indonesia.

 
Analysis of Wavefront Data Obtained With a Pyramidal Sensor in Pseudophakic Eyes Implanted With Diffractive Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Faria-Ribeiro Miguel , González-Méijome José Manuel , Ferreira Maria Isabel Pinho , Morais-Borges Anabela Ferreira , Salgado-Borges José
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To investigate the clinical validity of using wavefront measurements obtained with a recently available pyramidal aberrometer to assess the optical quality of eyes implanted with diffractive intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods:

Individual biometric data were used to create models of pseudophakic eyes implanted with two diffractive IOLs. Their synthetic wavefronts were calculated by ray-tracing with near infrared wavelength (0.85 μm). Comparisons of the through-focus visual acuity of 12 pseudophakic eyes were obtained with three different methods: clinical defocus curves; simulated defocus curves calculated from ray-tracing in the customized model eyes; and through-focus simulated defocus curves calculated from the wavefront data measured with a pyramidal aberrometer.

Results:

Image quality calculated from wavefront data obtained by ray-tracing with 0.85 μm wavelength, without scaling the phase to 0.55 μm, resulted in a significantly different through-focus curve compared to the reference values. Even so, after scaling of the wavefront data to 0.55 μm, the defocus curves calculated from the wavefronts measured with the pyramidal aberrometer did not match the shape and the depth of field of the clinical defocus curves or the theoretical expected values.

Conclusions:

Correcting for the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye when measuring the wavefront of eyes implanted with diffractive IOLs under near infrared light only accounts for the best focus shift due to the longitudinal chromatic aberration, but not for the wavelength dependence of the diffractive element. The pyramidal sensor does not seem to properly sample the slopes of a wavefront measured from a pseudophakic eye implanted with a presbyopia-correcting diffractive IOL to a clinically acceptable level.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(7):438–444.]
Understanding Formal Caregiver Burden in Nursing Assistants in Nursing Homes: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Kunkle Rachel , Chaperon Claudia , Popejoy Lori L. , Struwe Leeza , Wengel Steven , Berger Ann M.
Published: July 2023

The current study aimed to describe formal caregiver burden of nursing assistants in nursing homes. A descriptive, cross-sectional, convergent mixed methods approach identified attributes of formal caregiver burden using phenomenological interviews and established self-report measures. Themes included nursing assistants' experiences of stress, close relationships, extensive assistance of residents, balancing needs and routines, and feeling accomplished. Self-report measures demonstrated moderate stress, moderate caring behaviors, responsibility, and competence. MDS 3.0 results showed moderate cognitive impairment, minimal depressive symptoms, and decreased functional status of residents. The mixed methods synthesis confirmed the presence of five attributes of formal caregiver burden: perceived stress, caring for another, dependency of the older adult, responsibility, and competence. Burnout was not confirmed. Future investigation of attributes among a larger, diverse sample of nursing assistants, residents, and nursing homes will advance knowledge and inform research design and methods of interventions. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 16
(5), 231–240.]
Statistical analysis of progressively first-failure-censored data via beta-binomial removals
Authors: Elshahhat Ahmed , Sharma Vikas Kumar , Mohammed Heba S.
Published: July 2023

Progressive first-failure censoring has been widely-used in practice when the experimenter desires to remove some groups of test units before the first-failure is observed in all groups. Practically, some test groups may haphazardly quit the experiment at each progressive stage, which cannot be determined in advance. As a result, in this article, we propose a progressively first-failure censored sampling with random removals, which allows the removal of the surviving group(s) during the execution of the life test with uncertain probability, called the beta-binomial probability law. Generalized extreme value lifetime model has been widely-used to analyze a variety of extreme value data, including flood flows, wind speeds, radioactive emissions, and others. So, when the sample observations are gathered using the suggested censoring plan, the Bayes and maximum likelihood approaches are used to estimate the generalized extreme value distribution parameters. Furthermore, Bayes estimates are produced under balanced symmetric and asymmetric loss functions. A hybrid Gibbs within the Metropolis-Hastings method is suggested to gather samples from the joint posterior distribution. The highest posterior density intervals are also provided. To further understand how the suggested inferential approaches actually work in the long run, extensive Monte Carlo simulation experiments are carried out. Two applications of real-world datasets from clinical trials are examined to show the applicability and feasibility of the suggested methodology. The numerical results showed that the proposed sampling mechanism is more flexible to operate a classical (or Bayesian) inferential approach to estimate any lifetime parameter.
Large kernel convolution YOLO for ship detection in surveillance video
Authors: Sun Shuaiwen , Xu Zhijing
Published: July 2023

At present, ship detectors have many problems, such as too many hyperparameter, poor recognition accuracy and imprecise regression boundary. In this article, we designed a large kernel convolutional YOLO (Lk-YOLO) detection model based on Anchor free for one-stage ship detection. First, we discuss the introduction of large size convolution kernel in the residual module of the backbone network, so that the backbone network has a stronger feature extraction capability. Second, in order to solve the problem of conflict regression and classification fusion under the coupling of detection heads, we split the detection head into two branches, so that the detection head has better representation ability for different branches of the task and improves the accuracy of the model in regression tasks. Finally, in order to solve the problem of complex and computationally intensive anchor hyperparameter design of ship data sets, we use anchor free algorithm to predict ships. Moreover, the model adopts an improved sampling matching strategy for both positive and negative samples to expand the number of positive samples in GT (Ground Truth) while achieving high-quality sample data and reducing the imbalance between positive and negative samples caused by anchor. We used NVIDIA 1080Ti GPU as the experimental environment, and the results showed that the mAP@50 Reaching 97.7%, mAP@.5:.95 achieved 78.4%, achieving the best accuracy among all models. Therefore, the proposed method does not need to design the parameters of the anchor, and achieves better detection efficiency and robustness without hyperparameter input.
The management of sustainable energy sources in the mechanical sector
Authors: Tesfaye Fasil Kebede , Getaneh Ayitenew Mogninet , Birhan Mequanint
Published: July 2023

In order to increase energy security in the face of rising energy demand and declining funding for fossil fuels, energy supply must be diversified and a shift to renewable energy must occur. Sustainable energy supply management aims to achieve a low-carbon intensity of production, particularly in energy-intensive industries such as mechanical engineering. The article investigates the possibility of transitioning the current mechanical-engineering enterprise system, as well as the technical, environmental and economic indicators of production, to the new concept of the "green economy", which will serve as an alternative to the industry's continued sustainable development. This article examines key energy-saving strategies. An observational 40-point model for calculating the energy risk of the mechanical-engineering enterprise has been developed, as has a sequence diagram of production and technology that takes into account the impact on the environment and the possibility of energy industrialization. This allows the setting of strategic objectives to ensure the sustainable development of energy production in the mechanical-engineering industry and developing the main principles of efficient enterprise activity. It has been demonstrated that one of the criteria for increasing the profitability indicator is the adaptability of enterprises to external conditions and the expansion of alternative energy sources from our own various information sources.
A Tauriscan Lt D obol from Lobor hillfort (Hrvatsko Zagorje, Croatia)
Authors: Bilić Tomislav
Published: July 2023

A small silver coin complementary to the Augentyp-Stamm Tauriscan obols was found in controlled archaeological excavations at the Lobor hillfort. The hillfort was fortified in the late La Tène period (Lt D), which is also the most likely depositional context of the coin, since the site was clearly not occupied during the early imperial age. It can be assumed that the coin was produced in the earlier part of late La Tène (Lt D1), in accordance with the presently accepted chronology of Tauriscan coins. Similar obols were found at comparable hillfort sites in the Tauriscan area, but, due to their small number and lack of secure stratigraphic contextualization, this phenomenon is not easily explained in terms of commercial exchange.