bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Efficacy and Tolerability of 0.04% Tretinoin Microsphere Gel for Preadolescent Acne
Authors: Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Matiz Catalina , Funk Ann , Dill Sara W.
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES:

The goals were to assess the degree of improvement of facial acne after treatment with the 0.04% tretinoin microsphere gel (TMG) among patients 8 to 12 years of age and to assess tolerability and safety.

METHODS:

An open-label study was conducted with 40 patients 8 to 12 years of age (mean age: 10.7 years) with mild/moderate acne, defined on the basis of Evaluator's Global Severity Score (EGSS) values between 2 and 3. Patients were treated with the 0.04% TMG for 12 weeks and were evaluated at baseline and weeks 3, 6, and 12. Primary end points were changes in EGSS and Alternative Evaluator's Global Severity Score values; the secondary efficacy end point was the Investigator's Global Evaluation of treatment responses at week 12.

RESULTS:

The mean EGSS value decreased significantly from baseline to week 12 (2.6 vs 2.1; P < .001), with 75% of cases being graded as almost clear or mild. The mean Alternative Evaluator's Global Severity Score value decreased from 3.1 to 2.4 during the 12-week period (P < .001). The mean Investigator's Global Evaluation score was 3.39 at week 12, indicating moderate improvement of acne. Treatment-associated adverse events were minimal, with mild skin irritation being most commonly recorded, generally in the first 3 weeks of therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:

The 0.04% TMG pump was effective and safe for the treatment of acne vulgaris in this 8- to 12-year-old population, and the treatment was generally well tolerated. Additional studies in this population are recommended, to confirm these results.
Prevention of Drowning
Authors:   Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention
Published: May 2010

Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related death in children. In 2006, fatal drowning claimed the lives of approximately 1100 US children younger than 20 years. A number of strategies are available to prevent these tragedies. As educators and advocates, pediatricians can play an important role in the prevention of drowning.
Adaptação transcultural e consistência interna do Early Trauma Inventory (ETI)
Authors: Mello Marcelo Feijó de , Schoedl Aline Ferri , Pupo Mariana Cadrobbi , Souza Altay Alves Lino de , Andreoli Sergio B. , Bressan Rodrigo A. , Mari Jair J.
Published: May 2010

As experiências traumáticas precoces são um fator de risco preditivo de problemas psicopatológicos futuros. O Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) é um instrumento que avalia em indivíduos adultos experiências traumáticas ocorridas antes dos 18 anos de idade. Tal instrumento foi traduzido, transculturalmente adaptado e sua consistência interna foi avaliada. Vítimas de violência que preencheram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram submetidas a uma entrevista diagnóstica (SCID-I) e ao ETI. Foram incluídos 91 pacientes com o transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (TEPT). O alfa de Cronbach nos diferentes domínios variou de 0,595-0,793, e o escore total foi de 0,878. A maior parte dos itens nos vários domínios, com exceção do abuso emocional, apresentou índices de correlação interitem entre 0,51-0,99. A versão adaptada foi útil tanto na clínica quanto na pesquisa. Apresentou boa consistência interna e na correlação interitem. O ETI é um instrumento válido, com boa consistência para se avaliar a presença de história de traumas precoces em indivíduos adultos.
Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in the subequatorial Amazon: a time series approach
Authors: Ignotti Eliane , Hacon Sandra de Souza , Junger Washington Leite , Mourão Dennys , Longo Karla , Freitas Saulo , Artaxo Paulo , Leon Antônio Carlos Monteiro Ponce de
Published: May 2010

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of the daily variation in concentrations of fine particulate matter (diameter less than 2.5µm - PM2.5) resulting from the burning of biomass on the daily number of hospitalizations of children and elderly people for respiratory diseases, in Alta Floresta and Tangará da Serra in the Brazilian Amazon in 2005. This is an ecological time series study that uses data on daily number of hospitalizations of children and the elderly for respiratory diseases, and estimated concentration of PM2.5. In Alta Floresta, the percentage increases in the relative risk (%RR) of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in children were significant for the whole year and for the dry season with 3-4 day lags. In the dry season these measurements reach 6% (95%CI: 1.4-10.8). The associations were sig-nificant for moving averages of 3-5 days. The %RR for the elderly was significant for the current day of the drought, with a 6.8% increase (95%CI: 0.5-13.5) for each additional 10µg/m3 of PM2.5. No as-sociations were verified for Tangara da Serra. The PM2.5 from the burning of biomass increased hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in children and the elderly.
Itinerários terapêuticos face à hipertensão arterial em famílias de classe popular
Authors: Trad Leny Alves Bonfim , Tavares Jeane Saskya Campos , Soares Carla Silva , Ripardo Rachel Coelho
Published: May 2010

Na compreensão sobre a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é importante considerar a influência dos conhecimentos e crenças associados à doença, bem como, os recursos disponíveis para o seu tratamento. Este trabalho analisa itinerários terapêuticos de três famílias de classe popular do tipo extensa que possuíam portadores de HAS. Investigou-se as alternativas adotadas, os determinantes das escolhas, a avaliação sobre os serviços utilizados e os reflexos da interação com os serviços no cuidado doméstico. Foi realizado um estudo etnográfico em um bairro popular de Salvador por meio de observação e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com informantes em espaços domiciliares e institucionais. Constatou-se que os itinerários das famílias participantes não seguiam um padrão rígido, sendo influenciados pelas experiências prévias com a hipertensão e outras doenças, pelo suporte social disponível e pelas condições do atendimento do sistema formal no bairro. Observou-se, também, a apropriação e adaptação do conhecimento técnico de saúde pelos grupos familiares.
O Zoledronato no tratamento da osteoporose umeral em ratas: estudo prospectivo e randomizado
Authors: Palacio Evandro Pereira , Jacob Eduardo Martinelli , Campi Thiago Balthazar , Müller Sérgio Swain
Published: May 2010

OBJETIVO: Investigar as repercussões clínicas, biomecânicas e histomorfométricas do zoledronato no tratamento da osteoporose umeral em ratas osteoporóticas. MÉTODOS: Analisou-se, prospectivamente, 40 ratas (Rattus novergicus albinus). Com 60 dias de vida, foram aleatorizadas em dois grupos de acordo com o procedimento cirúrgico: ooforectomia bilateral (O) (n=20) e pseudo-cirurgia (P) (n=20). Após trinta dias, os animais foram novamente randomizados, de acordo com a administração de 0,1mg/kg de zoledronato (AZ) ou água destilada (AD): OAZ (n=10), OAD (n=10), PAZ (n=10) e PAD (n=10). Após doze meses, os animais foram eutanasiados e seus úmeros retirados. Clinicamente considerou-se o peso dos animais; biomecanicamente foram realizados ensaios compressivos e histomorfometricamente foi determinada a área trabecular óssea. RESULTADOS: Os grupos "O" tiveram um aumento de peso maior que os grupos "P" (p=0,005). Os grupos com zoledronato suportaram maior carga máxima que os grupos com água destilada (p=0,02). Nos grupos com zoledronato verificou-se o aumento da área trabecular óssea quando comparados aos grupos com água destilada (p=0,001). Houve correlação positiva entre a área trabecular e a carga máxima (p=0,04; r=0,95). CONCLUSÃO: O zoledronato não influiu no peso dos animais. Os resultados mostraram o aumento da resistência óssea umeral e da área trabecular óssea.
Pseudoaneurisma de artéria genicular após cirurgia artroscópica de joelho: Relato de dois casos
Authors: Pereira Junior Edgard dos Santos , Mestriner Luiz Aurélio , Pereira Edgard dos Santos , Domingues Ricardo Perez , Cardoso Marcos Prado Alves
Published: May 2010

A artroscopia do joelho é considerado um procedimento cirúrgico muito seguro, com um número relativamente pequeno de complicações. Relatamos o caso de dois pacientes do sexo masculino que foram submetidos à artroscopia de joelho (para meniscectomia parcial e reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior com parafuso transverso femoral e interferência tibial) que desenvolveram um pseudoaneurisma de artéria genicular superior lateral após o procedimento. A ultrassonografia com Doppler realizou o diagnóstico e os pacientes foram tratados cirurgicamente com ligadura arterial. Um paciente apresentou extenso hematoma na coxa e foi necessária reposição volêmica. Estes casos exemplificam uma complicação vascular rara, nem sempre benigna, em uma cirurgia minimamente invasiva do joelho.
Statin‐Associated Muscle‐Related Adverse Effects: A Case Series of 354 Patients
Authors: Cham Stephanie , Evans Marcella A. , Denenberg Julie O. , Golomb Beatrice A.
Published: May 2010

Study Objective. To characterize the properties and natural history of 3–hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin)‐associated muscle‐related adverse effects (MAEs).

Design. Patient‐targeted postmarketing adverse‐effect surveillance approach coupling survey design with an open‐ended narrative.

Setting. University‐affiliated health care system.

Subjects. Three hundred fifty‐four patients (age range 34–86 yrs) who self‐reported muscle‐related problems associated with statin therapy.

Measurements and Main Results. Patients with perceived statin‐associated MAEs completed a survey assessing statin drugs and dosages; characteristics of the MAEs; time course of onset, resolution, or recurrence; and impact on quality of life (QOL). Cases were assessed for putative drug adverse‐effect causality by using the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale criteria and were evaluated for inclusion in groups for which mortality benefit with statins has been shown. Patients reported muscle pain (93%), fatigue (88%), and weakness (85%). Three hundred patients (85%) met literature criteria for probable or definite drug adverse‐effect causality. Ninety‐four percent of atorvastatin usages (240/255) generated MAEs versus 61% of lovastatin usages (38/62, p<0.0001). Higher potency statins reproduced MAEs in 100% of 39 rechallenges versus 73% (29/40) with lower potency rechallenges (p<0.01). Time course of onset after statin initiation varied (median 14 wks); some MAEs occurred after long‐term symptom‐free use. Recurrence with rechallenge had a significantly shorter latency to onset (median 2 wks). The MAEs adversely affected all assessed functional and QOL domains. Most patients with probable or definite MAEs were in categories for which available randomized controlled trial evidence shows no trend to all‐cause mortality benefit with statin therapy.

Conclusion. This study complements available information on the properties and natural history of statin‐associated MAEs, affirming dose dependence and strong QOL impact. The data indicating a dose‐dependent relationship between MAE risk and recurrence suggest lower potency statins or discontinuation may bear consideration for ameliorating symptoms.
Use of Cytomegalovirus Intravenous Immune Globulin for the Adjunctive Treatment of Cytomegalovirus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Alexander Bryan T. , Hladnik Lindsay M. , Augustin Kristan M. , Casabar Ed , McKinnon Peggy S. , Reichley Richard M. , Ritchie David J. , Westervelt Peter , Dubberke Erik R.
Published: May 2010

Study Objective. To describe the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients who received adjunctive cytomegalovirus intravenous immune globulin (CMV‐IVIG) for probable or proven CMV disease.

Design. Retrospective cohort study.

Setting. Large, university‐affiliated, tertiary‐care medical center.

Patients. Thirty‐five adult HSCT recipients who received at least one dose of CMV‐IVIG for adjunctive treatment of probable or proven CMV disease between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2007.

Measurements and Main Results. All‐cause mortality at hospital discharge was the primary outcome. All patients received an allogeneic HSCT. Twenty‐six patients (74%) had pneumonitis, nine (26%) had enteritis, and 29 (83%) had CMV viremia. All patients received concomitant antiviral therapy; 31 (89%) received ganciclovir, and 14 (40%) received foscarnet. All‐cause mortality at hospital discharge was 49% (17 patients). Patient characteristics associated with mortality included requiring intubation for CMV pneumonia (11 [79%] of 14 nonsurvivors vs 3 (25%) of 12 survivors, p=0.016) and earlier disease onset after HSCT (median 48 days for nonsurvivors vs 106 days for survivors, p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, only requiring intubation for CMV pneumonia remained a significant risk factor for increased mortality. A low rate of adverse events was attributed to CMV‐IVIG, with mild hypertension (two patients [6%]) and erythema and chills (one patient [3%]) being the most common.

Conclusion. The mortality rate in our study population was similar to previous reports in the literature and may be somewhat lower than rates reported with antiviral monotherapy. Our analysis suggests that factors associated with mortality include the need for intubation and, possibly, earlier onset of CMV disease after HSCT. Treatment with CMV‐IVIG appears to be well tolerated in HSCT recipients. These findings support further trials of CMV‐IVIG efficacy in this setting.
Using Dental Implants in the Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Patients with Cleft Defect Type II
Authors: Sedlackova Kristina , Duskova Marketa , Strnadel Tomas , Kotova Magdalena , Haas Michal
Published: May 2010

A dental implant may be used in prosthetic tooth reconstruction in cleft patients. There are three main indications for this approach: substitution of a missing single tooth, an abutment for the framework, and an abutment for a fixed dental prosthesis (we designate these as defect types I, II, and III). A clinical report about prosthetic rehabilitation using dental implants instead of a fixed or removable partial prosthesis is presented. A patient with a unilateral cleft defect was treated at the University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic. Together with a missing lateral incisor, the defect was associated with agenesis of the two upper canines and three second premolars. The treatment was completed by prosthetic dental reconstruction using the framework with a dental implant as an abutment. This approach allowed minimizing the preparation of adjacent teeth to a single tooth functioning as the second abutment. If classical fixed prosthodontics had been performed, the preparation would have involved a larger group of intact teeth with the risk of their viability loss. The procedure had no complications. The outcome was of high quality and brought satisfaction to the patient.
Syndrome of Hajdu-Cheney: Three Case Reports of Orofacial Interest
Authors: Vingerhoedt E. , Bailleul-Forestier I. , Fellus P. , Schoenaers J. , Frijns J.-P. , Carels C.
Published: May 2010

Hajdu-Cheney syndrome is a rare, probably autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder with a variable expressivity. It is characterized by an osteoporotic skeleton, acro-osteolysis, a proportionate short stature, and distinctive orofacial anomalies. The aim of this article is to focus on the orofacial manifestations in two sporadic cases and one familial case with Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. Several common dental and craniofacial features are described. In contrast to earlier proposed diagnostic features, these patients show persisting deciduous teeth, problematic tooth eruption, and tendency toward a Class III malocclusion.
Facial Clefts and Associated Limb Anomalies: Description of Three Cases and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Obdeijn M.C. , Offringa P.J. , Bos R.R.M. , Verhagen A.A.E. , Niessen F.B. , Roche N.A.
Published: May 2010

Facial clefts are rare congenital malformations. In the literature these are sometimes reported in combination with limb malformations, especially ring constrictions. This article describes three children with facial clefts and limb ring constrictions with various expressions. The first case has a lateral cleft with associated limb malformations. This combination has, to our knowledge, not yet been reported. The literature about facial clefting and the amniotic band syndrome and the possible etiology of clefting and constrictions in these cases are discussed.
Plaster Moulage for Cleft Babies
Authors: Ronen Jane , Aizenbud Dror
Published: May 2010

Having read the paper written by Dr. Ezzat et al. (2007) concerning the quantifying appraisal of the effects of presurgical nasoalveolar molding treatment on nasal symmetry and intraoral dimensions in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, we would like to share a different approach.
Median Cleft of the Upper Lip: A Rare Case
Authors: Patel Nima P. , Tantri M. Devi Prasad
Published: May 2010

Median cleft lip is a midline vertical cleft through the upper lip. This is a rare anomaly with very few cases described in the literature. Median cleft lip has been thought to be associated with hypertelorism or hypotelorism. It is caused by the failure of fusion of the medial nasal prominences. In this case report, a 4 1/2-year-old girl with a median cleft is presented. The patient has no other anomalies of the nose or alveolus. The patient has normotelorism. A shortened bifid frenulum of the upper lip is present. A technique using an elliptical excision of the cleft with muscle approximation is described.
MRI for Definitive In Utero Diagnosis of Cleft Palate: A Useful Adjunct to Antenatal Care?
Authors: Descamps Marjanne J.L. , Golding Stephen J. , Sibley Jane , McIntyre Anthony , Alvey Christopher , Goodacre Timothy
Published: May 2010

Objective

To assess the use of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in obtaining a definitive prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate.

Design

All expectant mothers with a sonographically diagnosed fetal cleft lip or a previously affected child with cleft palate were offered antenatal MRI at around 34 weeks' gestation. Images were interpreted by a consultant radiologist who was blinded to the ultrasound diagnosis. Two MRI readings were performed: one at the time of examination and one at the end of the study to elicit the radiologist's learning curve. MRI findings were correlated with the birth diagnosis.

Setting

Tertiary referral center for facial clefts—the Spires Cleft Centre, Oxford Children's Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Participants

Study participants included 49 pregnant women between 24 and 37 weeks' gestation, four with a family history of cleft posterior palate and 45 with a facial cleft on a 20-week ultrasound.

Results

The positive predictive value of fetal MRI for involvement of the palate was 96%, and the negative predictive value was 80%. The accuracy in predicting palatal clefting of four different MRI signs is discussed. The radiologist's interpretation skills significantly improved between the two MRI readings.

Conclusions

Fetal MRI enables us to predict accurately the extent of a cleft palate after an ultrasound diagnosis of cleft lip. With more accurate diagnosis of the severity of the cleft, we can counsel patients more precisely and plan postnatal management correctly.
A Rare Case of Proboscis Lateralis with Median Cleft Lip
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Nakajima Tatsuo , Miyamoto Junpei
Published: May 2010

A very rare case of proboscis lateralis is reported. This case is different from previously reported cases due to proboscis lateralis, single nostril, loss of columella, and median cleft lip without holoprosencephaly. In addition, this is considered the first surviving individual with proboscis lateralis accompanied by median cleft lip.
Palatoplasty as the Technique of Choice for Prevention of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Secondary to Surgery for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Prada Madrid Jose Rolando , Nieto Luis Eduardo , Gomez Viviana , Echeverry Pilar , Tavera Maria Cristina , Oliveros Henry
Published: May 2010

Objective

The aim of this study is to compare patients treated with pharyngoplasty and those treated with palatoplasty for velopharyngeal insufficiency to establish what surgical procedure poses the highest risk for developing sleep apnea. The hypothesis tested in this study is that the incidence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome associated with pharyngoplasty is greater than that associated with palatoplasty for velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Subjects

Twenty patients were taken from the Institution FISULAB.

Design

Observational cohort analytic study.

Main Outcome Measures

An overnight polysomnographic study was used to determine the incidence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Results

The incidence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome following pharyngoplasty was shown to be significantly higher than after palatoplasty. The apnea-hypopnea index, also called the respiratory disturbance index, was 12.7 in the pharyngoplasty group and 1.35 in the palatoplasty group ( p < .001). When obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was stratified into different levels of severity according to the values of respiratory disturbance index, there were noticeable differences between these two groups. In the palatoplasty group, one patient had mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In the pharyngoplasty group, two patients had mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, one patient had moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and two patients had severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Conclusions

When comparing the apnea-hypopnea index (i.e., respiratory disturbance index) of patients treated for velopharyngeal insufficiency with palatoplasty versus pharyngoplasty, we observed an important difference between the groups, with the highest indices in the pharyngoplasty group.
A Modified Surgical Schedule for Primary Management of Cleft Lip and Palate in Developing Countries
Authors: Agrawal Karoon , Panda Kasinath
Published: May 2010

Introduction

In developing countries cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients arrive late, and there is a risk of drop out for functionally important palatoplasty after lip repair. Patients may be underweight, anemic, and prone to recurrent infections.

Objective

To repair cleft palate at an appropriate time and secondly to avoid the drop out after the first surgery.

Protocol

A new surgical protocol has been designed for patients with CLP in whom the cleft palate is first repaired at 6 to 9 months of age or whenever the patient presents at the clinic. The cleft lip is repaired 3 to 6 months after the first surgery.

Patients and Results

When cleft lip repair was performed before palate repair (conventional protocol group) in 89 patients with CLP, the median interval between first and second surgery was 290 days. However, when the modified protocol was followed in 330 patients over 13 years, the median interval was 193 days ( p < .0002). The reduction in the interval is statistically significant. In eight patients cleft palate fistula encountered after palatoplasty was repaired during cleft lip repair thus avoiding a third surgery.

Conclusions

The compliance for two surgeries in CLP has improved. Apart from achieving the main aim of the new protocol, a number of advantages were noticed. The palate repair was easier in the presence of an unrepaired cleft lip. The anterior palate repair was more dependable with reduced incidence of anterior palatal or alveolar fistula.
Long-term characterization of the diet-induced obese and diet-resistant rat model: a polygenetic rat model mimicking the human obesity syndrome
Authors: Madsen Andreas Nygaard , Hansen Gitte , Paulsen Sarah Juel , Lykkegaard Kirsten , Tang-Christensen Mads , Hansen Harald S , Levin Barry E , Larsen Philip Just , Knudsen Lotte Bjerre , Fosgerau Keld , Vrang Niels
Published: May 2010

The availability of useful animal models reflecting the human obesity syndrome is crucial in the search for novel compounds for the pharmacological treatment of obesity. In the current study, we have performed an extensive characterization of the obesity syndrome in a polygenetic animal model, namely the selectively bred diet-induced obese (DIO) and diet-resistant (DR) rat strains. We show that they constitute useful models of the human obesity syndrome. DIO and DR rats were fed either a high-energy (HE) or a standard chow (Chow) diet from weaning to 9 months of age. Metabolic characterization including blood biochemistry and glucose homeostasis was examined at 2, 3, 6, and 9 months of age. Furthermore, in 6-month-old HE-fed DIO rats, the anti-obesity effects of liraglutide and sibutramine were examined in a 28-day study. Only HE-fed DIO rats developed visceral obesity, hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia, and showed a worsening of glucose tolerance over time. In line with the hyperlipidemic profile, a severe hepatic fat infiltration was observed in DIO rats at 6 months of age. The effects of liraglutide and sibutramine were tested in 6-month-old DIO rats. Both compounds effectively reduced food intake and body weight in DIO rats. Liraglutide furthermore improved glucose tolerance when compared with sibutramine. Our data highlights the usefulness of a polygenetic animal model for screening of compounds affecting food intake, body weight, and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, the results underscore the effectiveness of GLP-1 mimetics both as anti-diabetes and anti-obesity agents.
Cross‐talk acceptability in natural still images for different (auto)stereoscopic display technologies
Authors: Wang Lili , Tu Yan , Chen Li , Zhang Panpan , Teunissen Kees , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: May 2010

Abstract— One of the most annoying distortions in (auto)stereoscopic displays is probably cross‐talk, visible as double edges, which is mainly caused by an imperfect separation of left‐ and right‐eye images. For different types of three‐dimensional (3‐D) displays, cross‐talk is caused by different origins, which could result in different levels of perceived image distortion. To evaluate the influence of (auto)stereoscopic display technology on cross‐talk perception, optical measurements and subjective assessments were performed with three different types of 3‐D displays. It is shown with natural still images that the 3‐D display technology with the lowest luminance and contrast level tolerates the highest level of cross‐talk, while still maintaining an acceptable image‐quality level.
Effects of visual field, exposure time, and set size on icon search with varied delays using an LCD monitor
Authors: Huang Kuo‐Chen , Chang Wen‐Te , Wei Wan‐Li
Published: May 2010

Abstract— This study investigated the effects of visual field (left or right), exposure time, and set size on icon search with varied delay times. Nineteen women and 17 men, who were Taiwanese graduate students aged 24–40 years, participated. Participants were told to search for a target icon in a circular stimulus array, which had a diameter of 7 cm and included five, seven, or nine items. The results indicated that set size significantly affected search time. Search time was significantly longer for a nine‐icon set than for five and seven icons. Search times were significantly longer for 5‐sec delays than for 3‐and 1 ‐sec delays. However, exposure time and visual field did not significantly affect search time. Results showed that set size significantly affected accuracy. The accuracy for the five‐icon condition was greater than that for the seven‐ and nine‐icon conditions. Moreover, accuracy was greater for 1 ‐ than for 3‐ and 5‐sec‐delay conditions. However, no significant effect on accuracy was found for visual field or exposure time. Finally, search times for correct and incorrect responses were analyzed separately. The results are applicable to graphics‐based interface design.
FPC‐free LCD panel with capacitive coupling for transmission of signals and power
Authors: Furuta Futoshi , Kageyama Hiroshi , Takei Ken , Hatano Mutsuko , Matsumoto Katsumi , Maki Masahiro , Miyazawa Toshio
Published: May 2010

Abstract— A flexible‐printed‐cable (FPC) free liquid‐crystal‐display (LCD) panel by using a capacitive‐coupling technique has been developed. A QQVGAeight‐color image was successfully displayed for the first time without attaching any signal or power cables to the panel. The receiving circuitry and capacitive‐coupling electrodes were integrated on the LCD panel using a low‐temperature polysilicon (LTPS) fabrication process. In the proposed digital coding method, the receiving circuit converts derivative waveform signals via the capacitive coupling to conventional logic‐level signals. The maximum data rate of 2.4‐Mbps × 3ch (RGB) was achieved. In addition, LTPS low‐capacitance diode bridge and regulator enabled us to obtain stable DC power of 2.4 mW on the panel from the AC‐power signal. This study is the first step towards integrating the wireless‐communication function on the display panel to achieve a high‐value‐added flat‐panel display (FPD).
Basic Science Considerations in Primary Total Hip Replacement Arthroplasty
Authors: Mirza Saqeb B , Dunlop Douglas G , Panesar Sukhmeet S , Naqvi Syed G , Gangoo Shafat , Salih Saif
Published: May 2010

Total Hip Replacement is one of the most common operations performed in the developed world today. An increasingly ageing population means that the numbers of people undergoing this operation is set to rise. There are a numerous number of prosthesis on the market and it is often difficult to choose between them. It is therefore necessary to have a good understanding of the basic scientific principles in Total Hip Replacement and the evidence base underpinning them. This paper reviews the relevant anatomical and biomechanical principles in THA. It goes on to elaborate on the structural properties of materials used in modern implants and looks at the evidence base for different types of fixation including cemented and uncemented components. Modern bearing surfaces are discussed in addition to the scientific basis of various surface engineering modifications in THA prostheses. The basic science considerations in component alignment and abductor tension are also discussed. A brief discussion on modular and custom designs of THR is also included. This article reviews basic science concepts and the rationale underpinning the use of the femoral and acetabular component in total hip replacement.
Formative Assessment of ARM-U: A Modular Intervention for Decreasing Risk Behaviors Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Methamphetamine-Using MSM
Authors: Garfein Richard S , Metzner Mitcheal , Cuevas Jazmine , Bousman Chad A , Patterson Thomas
Published: May 2010

Background:

Methamphetamine is a major contributor to HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Recent studies show that up to one-third of methamphetamine-using MSM (MUMSM) inject the drug. We developed a behavioral intervention for MUMSM to decrease unprotected anal intercourse and increase awareness of parenteral HIV transmission risk. This 6-session (3 in-person, 3 by telephone) modular intervention was designed to be tailored to participants’ HIV (+/-) and injection drug user ([IDU] yes/no) status. We present results of formative research used to evaluate the content and to assess feasibility and acceptability of this individual-level HIV risk-reduction intervention.

Setting:

HIV research clinic in a high MSM and methamphetamine prevalence neighborhood.

Project:

Avoiding Risks from Methamphetamine-Use (ARM-U) is a brief toolbox intervention that allows counselors to select modules that suit a client’s individual risk profile and intervention needs employing motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral theory. We evaluated the format and content of the intervention through focus groups and pre-testing of the entire intervention using volunteers from the target population stratified into four groups (HIV+/IDU, HIV-/IDU, HIV+/non-IDU, HIV-/non-IDU). Four individuals in each stratum were recruited to undergo the intervention and complete a satisfaction survey at the end of each in-person session.

Results:

In total, 25 MUMSM attended one of five focus groups. Participants thought all proposed intervention topics were important and could aid in reducing sexual risk behaviors among MUMSM. However, the neurocognitive effects of methamphetamine were reported to be a barrier to practicing safer sex, condom use negotiation or HIV status disclosure. Fifteen (94%) of 16 participants completed all 6 sessions and the satisfaction survey. On average, participants felt the intervention was useful for MUMSM, made them contemplate and move toward behavior change, and would recommend the program to their peers.

Lessons Learned:

Based on our formative research, we revised the ARM-U intervention to emphasize pre-planning to avoid combining methamphetamine use and sex or develop strategies to avoid sex risk following methamphetamine use. We also increased emphasis on referrals for care and other requested services. Future efficacy trials are needed to evaluate the intervention’s ability to reduce HIV-associated risk behaviors.
European Integration of Postcommunist States: Safe Future or Evolutionary Trap?
Authors: Gudinskas Liutauras
Published: May 2010

The article discusses the complexities of postcommunist transformation of Central and Eastern European states and their further development in the European Union. First of all, the author considers the phenomenon of postcommunist transformation, its internal logic and causes that determined different paths of postcommunist countries' development. Later the attention is focused on the development of postcommunist states that have entered the EU. The most important challenges for these countries that have chosen the path of European integration are singled out. It is evaluated how these challenges have been dealt with since the entry to the EU. Although the main focus of article is the whole region, the situation of Lithuania is analyzed in more detail. Judging from the present trends, one may conclude that the latter country (along with some other postcommunist EU member states) may remain in an economic periphery of Europe distinguished by political instability, distrust of political institutions and increasing "social deficit."
Submicron micromachining on silicon wafer using femtosecond pulse laser
Authors: Ngoi Bryan K. A. , Venkatakrishnan K. , Lim L. E. N. , Tan B.
Published: May 2010

Laser machining of submicron grooves on silicon wafer by 400 nm femtosecond laser is studied. A chirped pulse amplification based Ti:sapphire system that produces pulse with a pulse duration of 150 fs at a repetition rate of 1 kHz is used. Focusing lens with numerical aperture of 0.36 focuses the laser beam into a 3 μm laser spot (by calculation). The sample was translated at a linear speed of 400 μm/s during machining. 500 nm wide 100 nm deep groove was obtained on the wafer when the sample was irradiated by pulses with energy of ∼50 nJ/pulse and 800 nm wide 650 nm deep groove was obtained by pulse with energy of ∼100 nJ/pulse.
Usefulness of the Jump-and-Reach Test in Assessment of Vertical Jump Performance
Authors: Menzel Hans-Joachim , Chagas Mauro H. , Szmuchrowski Leszek A. , Araujo Silvia R. , Campos Carlos E. , Giannetti Marcus R.
Published: May 2010

The objective was to estimate the reliability and criterion-related validity of the Jump-and-Reach Test for the assessment of squat, countermovement, and drop jump performance of 32 male Brazilian professional volleyball players. Performance of squat, countermovement, and drop jumps with different dropping heights was assessed on the Jump-and-Reach Test and the measurement of flight time, then compared across different jump trials. The very high reliability coefficients of both assessment methods and the lower correlation coefficients between scores on the assessments indicate a very high consistency of each method but only moderate covariation, which means that they measure partly different items. As a consequence, the Jump-and-Reach Test has good ecological validity in situations when reaching height during the flight phase is critical for performance (e.g., basketball and volleyball) but only limited accuracy for the assessment of vertical impulse production with different jump techniques and conditions.
Visual Estimation of Three- and Four-Body Center of Mass
Authors: Liby Bruce W. , Friedenberg Jay
Published: May 2010

Center-of-mass perception in dot patterns arranged into triangular and quadrilateral configurations was investigated. In Exp. 1, the length, orientation, and direction of dots forming right triangles were varied. Errors in center-of-mass perception by 19 participants increased with the length of the triangles. In Exp. 2,27 participants estimated the centers of squares and rectangles made up of four dots. Accuracy was best for squares that contained greater reflective and rotational symmetry. The orientation of responses was generally downward in both experiments, indicating a gravitational influence. The results are consistent with a process model by which observers use internal pattern structure like medians and axes when estimating the center of an object.
Specificity and Variability of Practice, and Contextual Interference in Acquisition and Transfer of an Underhand Volleyball Serve
Authors: Travlos Antonios K.
Published: May 2010

The present study investigated the effects of practice composition on acquisition and transfer of the underhand volleyball serve in a standard high school physical education setting. 72 middle-school students ( M age = 14.1 yr., SD = 0.7) were selected and assigned to six groups: five experimental (Random, Serial, Blocked, Constant, Specific), and one Control group all pretested. The five experimental groups received 45 acquisition trials over three class periods. Directional quantitative knowledge of results was provided to the students after each trial. After a 72-hr. retention interval, all groups performed 15 underhand volleyball serves without knowledge of results. Analyses indicated (a) better acquisition in the Specific and Constant groups relative to the Serial, Random, and Blocked groups, and (b) significantly superior transfer performance in the Specific and Random groups relative to the Serial, Blocked, Constant, and Control groups. This provides partial support for specificity of learning and contextual interference hypotheses. Practice in accord with the contextual interference hypothesis permits differentiations among varied practice schedules only during transfer.
Prediction of Physical Activity Intention and Behavior in a Longitudinal Sample of Adolescent Girls
Authors: Raudsepp Lennart , Viira Roomet , Hannus Aave
Published: May 2010

The purpose of the present study was to investigate a theory of planned behavior model for the prediction of physical activity in adolescent girls using a 1-yr. longitudinal design. A secondary purpose was to examine the moderating influence of intention stability and past behavior on intention-behavior relationships. Participants were 236 12- to 13-year-old adolescent girls who completed measures of the theory of planned behavior and physical activity participation (3-Day Physical Activity Recall) across a 1-yr. interval. The standard theoretical variables predicted intentions, as intention, past behavior, and perceived behavioral control predicted behavior. The temporal stability of intentions and past behavior moderated relationships between intention and behavior. An autoregressive path model showed that intention and perceived behavioral control predicted changes in physical activity and physical activity predicted changes in intention, affective attitude, and perceived behavioral control. This study supports the use of the theory of planned behavior in gaining an understanding of the physical activity intention and behavior of adolescent girls.
Relationships of Toe-Length Ratios to Finger-Length Ratios, Foot Preference, and Wearing of TOE Rings
Authors: Voracek Martin , Dressler Stefan G.
Published: May 2010

Sexually differentiated digit ratios of the hand (2D:4D and other) are currently widely studied, owing to their presumed role as a retrospective diagnostic window into prenatal androgen action. This study was only the second one (following McFadden & Shubel, 2002) to examine all 6 possible finger-length ratios (excluding the thumb) and all 10 possible toe-length ratios (including the big toe). Data from a sample of 59 male and 69 female Austrian adults ( M age = 27 yr., SD = 7.9) were collected. Replicating the prior study, the majority of toe-length ratios exhibited significant sex differences, which was similar to finger-length ratios, but of weaker effect size. Ipsilateral correlations of toe-length and finger-length ratios were largely absent, except for those of corresponding or adjacent length ratios of the right body side among women. However, these associations were directionally opposite, such that among women, feminized finger-length ratios corresponded to masculinized toe-length ratios. Foot preference (among both sexes) and wearing of toe rings (among women) were not correlates of toe-length ratios. Discussed are implications of these findings for digit ratio research, along with ideas for further inquiry on this topic.
Sensitivity to Violence Measured by Ratings of Severity Increases after Nonviolence Training
Authors: Collyer Charles E. , Johnson Kathryn L. , de Mesquita Paul Bueno , Palazzo Linda A. , Jordan Dustin
Published: May 2010

It was hypothesized that training in nonviolence would increase participants' sensitivity to violence because such training emphasizes both the harm and the avoidability of many kinds of violence. This research built upon earlier studies, which had proposed that ratings of the severity of violent behaviors (e.g., murder, bullying, cursing) can be interpreted as measuring sensitivity to violence. Two quasi-experiments examined changes in ratings of severity obtained before and after nonviolence training. In Study 1, 28 college-age traffic offenders who received nonviolence training judged stimulus behaviors ranging from life-threatening physical harm to verbal disrespect as more violent after their training. An untrained comparison group did not show this change. In Study 2, 30 student teachers who received instruction in nonviolence also rated behaviors as more violent after training; an untrained comparison group did not. Results are interpreted as showing increased sensitivity to violence following exposure to nonviolence.
Differences in Acoustic Characteristics of Stress Patterns in American English
Authors: Bettagere Ramesh
Published: May 2010

This study examined the differences between acoustic characteristics of lexical and emphatic stress patterns of American English in terms of changes in fundamental frequency (F0), duration, and amplitude of the stress patterns, and identified the most important acoustic characteristics among them. Speech samples were recorded from 13 randomly selected women ( M = 23.9 yr., SD = 1.7) who spoke American English as their first language. The speech samples were recorded using Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) Model 4300B with a 16-bit processor at a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz. Acoustic analyses of the lexical stress and emphatic stress patterns were performed. Statistical analyses showed a significant effect for the stress patterns and F0, duration, and amplitude; a significant effect for the stress types and F0, duration, and amplitude; and a significant interaction between the patterns and types. Based on the effect size, it can be concluded that duration appeared to be a more important acoustic character than amplitude or F0 in differentiating the lexical and emphatic stress patterns.
Some Observations about Two Versions of Mental Status Examinations: Implications for Screening Dementia Patients in Nursing Homes
Authors: Zimmer Adam T. , Chovan Martha J. , Chovan William L.
Published: May 2010

Qualitative analysis of item content conducted on two versions of mental status examinations indicated that the Modified Mini-Mental State examination is a more pragmatic screening device to use not only for early detection of dementia but also as a basis for developing individualized care planning objectives for managing cognitive impairment of residents with dementia in nursing homes.
Imitation of Modeled Manipulation of Objects by Children and Adults
Authors: Mizuguchi Takashi , Suzuki Ryujiro , Sugimura Ryoko , Deguchi Toshisada
Published: May 2010

Prior studies have investigated imitation by extracting a hierarchy of goals from the key elements of action models. The theoretical model is that all ages practice a method of imitation in which goal or target elements are more easily imitated correctly, while nontarget elements are not. The present study compared error responses among 32 children and 32 adults when imitating an action model for manipulating concrete objects constructed of five elements. The results indicated that the elements for which error responses were easily produced and those for which error responses were more difficult to produce were approximately the same in children and adults. It showed that the imitation mechanisms were similar in children and adults. In addition, children had higher omissions and error responses than adults. This result suggests that imitation and differences in working memory capacity may be related.
Effect of Implementation Intentions to Change Behaviour: Moderation by Intention Stability
Authors: Godin Gaston , Bélanger-Gravel Ariane , Amireault Steve , Gallani Maria-Cecilia B. J. , Vohl Marie-Claude , Pérusse Louis
Published: May 2010

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of implementation intentions on leisure-time physical activity, taking into account the stability of intention. At baseline (T0), 349 participants completed a psychosocial questionnaire and were randomly assigned to implementation intention or control condition. Three months after baseline assessment (T1), participants in the experimental group were asked to plan where, when, and how they would exercise. Leisure-time physical activity was assessed 3 mo. later (i.e., at 6-mo. follow-up; T2). The intervention had no significant effect on physical activity at 6-mo. follow-up. However, a significant interaction of group and intention stability was observed, with the effect of the intervention on behaviour statistically significant only among those with unstable intention. Intention stability thus moderated the effect of the intervention, i.e., the intervention was more successful among individuals who needed support to change (unstable intenders).
Female Suicide Bombers and Burdensomeness
Authors: Lester David
Published: May 2010

Brief case descriptions from journalists are presented to illustrate the role of traumatic experiences, the sense of being a burden to their families, and shame and humiliation in female suicide bombers.
Locus of Control, Sources of Motivation, and Mental Boundaries as Antecedents of Leader–Member Exchange Quality
Authors: Barbuto John E. , Weltmer Dayna Finch , Pennisi Lisa A.
Published: May 2010

In this study were examined leaders' and members' scores on locus of control, sources of motivation, and mental boundaries to predict the quality of leader–member exchanges. 80 elected officials and their 388 direct reports were sampled in a field study. Analysis indicated followers' scores on locus of control, leaders' scores of self-concept internal motivation, leaders' scores on locus of control, and followers' rated goal-internalization motivation were positively related to leader–member exchanges. Implications and directions for research are discussed.