bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmural Conduction Is the Predominant Mechanism of Breakthrough During Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Eckstein Jens , Zeemering Stef , Linz Dominik , Maesen Bart , Verheule Sander , van Hunnik Arne , Crijns Harry , Allessie Maurits A. , Schotten Ulrich
Published: March 2013

Background—

Endo-epicardial dissociation (EED) of electric activations resulting in transmural conduction of fibrillation waves (breakthroughs) has been postulated to contribute to the complexity of the substrate of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to elucidate the correlation between EED and incidence of breakthrough and to test the plausibility of transmural conduction versus ectopic focal discharges as sources of breakthrough.

Methods and Results—

We analyzed high-resolution simultaneous endo-epicardial in vivo mapping data recorded in left atrial free walls of goats with acute AF, 3 weeks and 6 months of AF (all n=7). Waves were analyzed for number, size, and width and categorized according to their origin outside (peripheral wave) or within the mapping area (breakthrough). Breakthrough incidence was lowest (2.1±1.0%) in acute AF, higher (11.4±6.1%) after 3 weeks (
P
<0.01 versus acute AF) and highest (14.2±3.8%) after 6 months AF (
P
<0.001 versus acute AF) and similar in the epicardium and endocardium. Most of the breakthroughs (86%; n=564) could be explained by transmural conduction, whereas only 13% (n=85) could be explained by ectopic focal discharges. Transmural microreentry did not play a role as source of breakthrough.

Conclusions—

This is the first study to present simultaneous endo-epicardial in vivo mapping data at sites of breakthrough events. Breakthrough incidence and degree of EED increased with increasing AF substrate complexity. In goat left atrial free walls, most of the breakthroughs can be explained by transmural conduction, whereas ectopic focal discharges play a limited role as source of breakthrough.
Depression, Healthcare Utilization, and Death in Heart Failure
Authors: Moraska Amanda R. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Shah Nilay D. , Vickers Kristin S. , Rummans Teresa A. , Dunlay Shannon M. , Spertus John A. , Weston Susan A. , McNallan Sheila M. , Redfield Margaret M. , Roger Véronique L.
Published: March 2013

Background—

The increasing prevalence of heart failure (HF) and high associated costs have spurred investigation of factors leading to adverse outcomes in patients with HF. Studies to date report inconsistent evidence on the link between depression and outcomes with only limited data on emergency department and outpatient visits.

Methods and Results—

Olmsted, Dodge, and Fillmore county, Minnesota residents with HF were prospectively recruited between October 2007 and December 2010 and completed a 1-time 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression categorized as: none to minimal (Patient Health Questionnaire score, 0–4), mild (5–9), or moderate to severe (≥10). Andersen-Gill models were used to determine whether depression predicted hospitalizations and emergency department visits, whereas negative binomial regression models explored the association of depression with outpatient visits. Cox proportional hazards regression characterized the relationship between depression and all-cause mortality. Among 402 patients with HF (mean age, 73±13 years; 58% men), 15% had moderate to severe depression, 26% mild, and 59% none to minimal depression. During a mean follow-up of 1.6 years, 781 hospitalizations, 1000 emergency department visits, 15 515 outpatient visits, and 74 deaths occurred. After adjustment, moderate to severe depression was associated with nearly a 2-fold increased risk of hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–2.47) and emergency department visits (hazard ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–2.50), a modest increase in outpatient visits (rate ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.45), and a 4-fold increase in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 4.06; 95% confidence interval, 2.35–7.01).

Conclusions—

In this prospective cohort study, depression independently predicted an increase in the use of healthcare resources and mortality. Greater recognition and management of depression in HF may optimize clinical outcomes and resource utilization.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Lowers Vascular Tone by Decreasing Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation
Authors: Kim Yu-Mee , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Alvira Cristina M. , Ying Lihua , Reddy Sushma , Cornfield David N.
Published: March 2013

Rationale:

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), an oxygen (O
2
)-sensitive transcription factor, mediates transcriptional responses to low-O
2
tension states. Although acute hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction and chronic hypoxia can cause vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension, conflicting data exist on the role of HIF-1α in modulating pulmonary vascular tone.

Objective:

To investigate the role of smooth muscle cell (SMC)–specific HIF-1α in regulating pulmonary vascular tone.

Methods and Results:

Mice with an SMC-specific deletion of HIF-1α (SM22α-HIF-1α
−/−
) were created to test the hypothesis that pulmonary artery SMC (PASMC) HIF-1α modulates pulmonary vascular tone and the response to hypoxia. SM22α-HIF-1α
−/−
mice exhibited significantly higher right ventricular systolic pressure compared with wild-type littermates under normoxia and with exposure to either acute or chronic hypoxia in the absence of histological evidence of accentuated vascular remodeling. Moreover, myosin light chain phosphorylation, a determinant of SMC tone, was higher in PASMCs isolated from SM22α-HIF-1α
−/−
mice compared with wild-type PASMCs, during both normoxia and after acute hypoxia. Further, overexpression of HIF-1α decreased myosin light chain phosphorylation in HIF-1α–null SMCs.

Conclusions:

In both normoxia and hypoxia, PASMC HIF-1α maintains low pulmonary vascular tone by decreasing myosin light chain phosphorylation. Compromised PASMC HIF-1α expression may contribute to the heightened vasoconstriction that characterizes pulmonary hypertension.
Visualizing Regional Myocardial Blood Flow in the Mouse
Authors: Krueger Melissa A. , Huke Sabine S. , Glenny Robb W.
Published: March 2013

Rationale:

The spatial distribution of blood flow in the hearts of genetically modified mice is a phenotype of interest because derangements in blood flow may precede detectable changes in organ function. However, quantifying the regional distribution of blood flow within organs of mice is challenging because of the small organ volume and the high resolution required to observe spatial differences in flow. Traditional microsphere methods in which the numbers of microspheres per region are indirectly estimated from radioactive counts or extracted fluorescence have been limited to larger organs for 2 reasons; to ensure statistical confidence in the measured flow per region and to be able to physically dissect the organ to acquire spatial information.

Objective:

To develop methods to quantify and statistically compare the spatial distribution of blood flow within organs of mice.

Methods and Results:

We developed and validated statistical methods to compare blood flow between regions and with the same regions over time using 15-µm fluorescent microspheres. We then tested this approach by injecting fluorescent microspheres into isolated perfused mice hearts, determining the spatial location of every microsphere in the hearts, and then visualizing regional flow patterns. We demonstrated application of these statistical and visualizing methods in a coronary artery ligation model in mice.

Conclusions:

These new methods provide tools to investigate the spatial and temporal changes in blood flow within organs of mice at a much higher spatial resolution than currently available by other methods.
The
microRNA-342-5p
Fosters Inflammatory Macrophage Activation Through an Akt1- and
microRNA-155
–Dependent Pathway During Atherosclerosis
Authors: Wei Yuanyuan , Nazari-Jahantigh Maliheh , Chan Lily , Zhu Mengyu , Heyll Kathrin , Corbalán-Campos Judit , Hartmann Petra , Thiemann Anna , Weber Christian , Schober Andreas
Published: March 2013

Background—

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease driven by the subendothelial accumulation of macrophages. The mechanism regulating the inflammatory response in macrophages during atherogenesis remains unclear. Because microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in cellular signaling by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, we studied the miRNA expression profiles during the progression of atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results—

Using an miRNA real-time polymerase chain reaction array, we found that macrophage-derived
miR-342-5p
and
miR-155
are selectively upregulated in early atherosclerotic lesions in
Apoe
−/−
mice.
miR-342-5p
directly targets
Akt1
through its 3′-untranslated region.
Akt1
suppression by
miR-342-5p
induces proinflammatory mediators such as
Nos2
and
II6
in macrophages via the upregulation of
miR-155
. The local application of an
miR-342-5p
antagomir inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in partially ligated carotid arteries. In atherosclerotic lesions, the
miR-342-5p
antagomir upregulated
Akt1
expression and suppressed the expression of
miR-155
and
Nos2
. This reduced
Nos2
expression was associated with a diminished generation of nitrotyrosine in the plaques. Furthermore, systemic treatment with an inhibitor of
miR-342-5p
reduced the progression of atherosclerosis in the aorta of
Apoe
−/−
mice.

Conclusions—

Macrophage-derived
miR-342-5p
promotes atherosclerosis and enhances the inflammatory stimulation of macrophages by suppressing the
Akt1
-mediated inhibition of
miR-155
expression. Therefore, targeting
miR-342-5p
may offer a promising strategy to treat atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Online Learning in a Chemical Perceptron
Authors: Banda Peter , Teuscher Christof , Lakin Matthew R.
Published: March 2013

Autonomous learning implemented purely by means of a synthetic chemical system has not been previously realized. Learning promotes reusability and minimizes the system design to simple input-output specification. In this article we introduce a chemical perceptron, the first full-featured implementation of a perceptron in an artificial (simulated) chemistry. A perceptron is the simplest system capable of learning, inspired by the functioning of a biological neuron. Our artificial chemistry is deterministic and discrete-time, and follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. We present two models, the weight-loop perceptron and the weight-race perceptron, which represent two possible strategies for a chemical implementation of linear integration and threshold. Both chemical perceptrons can successfully identify all 14 linearly separable two-input logic functions and maintain high robustness against rate-constant perturbations. We suggest that DNA strand displacement could, in principle, provide an implementation substrate for our model, allowing the chemical perceptron to perform reusable, programmable, and adaptable wet biochemical computing.
Improving Statistical Machine Translation by Adapting Translation Models to Translationese
Authors: Lembersky Gennadi , Ordan Noam , Wintner Shuly
Published: March 2013

Translation models used for statistical machine translation are compiled from parallel corpora that are manually translated. The common assumption is that parallel texts are symmetrical: The direction of translation is deemed irrelevant and is consequently ignored. Much research in Translation Studies indicates that the direction of translation matters, however, as translated language (translationese) has many unique properties. It has already been shown that phrase tables constructed from parallel corpora translated in the same direction as the translation task outperform those constructed from corpora translated in the opposite direction.

We reconfirm that this is indeed the case, but emphasize the importance of also using texts translated in the “wrong” direction. We take advantage of information pertaining to the direction of translation in constructing phrase tables by adapting the translation model to the special properties of translationese. We explore two adaptation techniques: First, we create a mixture model by interpolating phrase tables trained on texts translated in the “right” and the “wrong” directions. The weights for the interpolation are determined by minimizing perplexity. Second, we define entropy-based measures that estimate the correspondence of target-language phrases to translationese, thereby eliminating the need to annotate the parallel corpus with information pertaining to the direction of translation. We show that incorporating these measures as features in the phrase tables of statistical machine translation systems results in consistent, statistically significant improvement in the quality of the translation.
Incremental, Predictive Parsing with Psycholinguistically Motivated Tree-Adjoining Grammar
Authors: Demberg Vera , Keller Frank , Koller Alexander
Published: March 2013

Psycholinguistic research shows that key properties of the human sentence processor are incrementality, connectedness (partial structures contain no unattached nodes), and prediction (upcoming syntactic structure is anticipated). There is currently no broad-coverage parsing model with these properties, however. In this article, we present the first broad-coverage probabilistic parser for PLTAG, a variant of TAG that supports all three requirements. We train our parser on a TAG-transformed version of the Penn Treebank and show that it achieves performance comparable to existing TAG parsers that are incremental but not predictive. We also use our PLTAG model to predict human reading times, demonstrating a better fit on the Dundee eye-tracking corpus than a standard surprisal model.
The Sound of Movement Wearables: Performing UKIYO
Authors: Birringer Johannes , Danjoux Michèle
Published: March 2013

Although interest in wearable/mobile technologies in today's world of social networks, fashion and lifestyle industries is on the rise, the performing arts rarely integrate body-worn technologies into their dramaturgies. After some pioneering efforts in music and audio art, dance and theater practices have slowly begun to benefit from performance design investigating “sounding” garments that transduce the sensuality of movement gestures through the extension of wearable instrument-costumes. Describing their choreographic installation UKIYO (2009-) as an example of sound-motion-design research, the authors highlight integrated methods for creating particularized audiophonic, amplificatory and kinaesonic garments to be worn by dancers, actors and musicians in interactive/responsive environments.
Designing Visualizations For Biological Data
Authors: Meyer Miriah
Published: March 2013

Visualization is now a vital component of the biological discovery process. This article presents visualization design studies as a promising approach for creating effective, visualization tools for biological data.
Watching How Ideas Spread Over Social Media
Authors: Lin Yu-Ru , Lazer David , Cao Nan
Published: March 2013

Social media, like Twitter, have been widely used for exchanging information, opinions and emotions about events happening across the world. The authors introduce a new visualization tool for tracing the process of information diffusion on social media in real time. The design highlights the social, spatiotemporal processes of diffusion based on a sunflower metaphor whose seeds are often dispersed far away. The design facilitates an understanding of when, where and how a piece of information is dispersed for large-scale events, including campaigns and earthquakes, as a tool witnessing today's information consumption and dispersion in the wild.
On the development of a parasitic copepod, Lamproglena clariae Fryer, 1956 (Copepoda, Lernaeidae) infecting the sharp tooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Madanire-Moyo G. N. , Avenant-Oldewage A.
Published: March 2013

The postembryonic development of the gill parasite, Lamproglena clariae, infecting the sharp tooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus was established from egg culture and artificial infection of fish under laboratory conditions. Like most fish parasitic copepods, L. clariae has a direct life cycle utilizing only a single fish host species. Adult post metamorphosis females produce two egg strings. The mean number of eggs in each egg string was 52. Three naupliar and first copepodid stages were obtained in culture while two copepodid stages, cyclopoid and adult specimens were obtained after artificial infection of catfish in aquaria. First stage nauplii were globular in shape and densely filled with yolk. Nauplii lacked a perforation for the mouth and masticatory parts of the appendages, all of which indicate that they do not feed. Body architecture of the first copepodid stage of L. clariae is similar to that of all other copepods in the number and kind of somites: a cephalothorax with five appendages, three thoracic somites, one abdominal somite and furca rami. This seems to be a conserved morphology among the copepods. The three naupliar and three copepodid stages are described and compared to related copepods.
Mysids associated with sea anemones from the tropical Atlantic: descriptions of Ischiomysis new genus, and two new species in this taxon (Mysida, Mysidae, Heteromysinae)
Authors: Wittmann Karl J.
Published: March 2013

The males of Ischiomysis gen. nov. are unique among the currently known genera of the order Mysida by peculiar modifications of the ischium and praeischium of the eighth thoracic endopod. The type species, I. telmatactiphila sp. nov., forms compact aggregations above the oral disc of the club-tipped sea anemone Telmatactis cricoides from the island of São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea. Less compact aggregations are formed by I. peterwirtzi sp. nov. from the island of São Vicente in the Cape Verde archipelago. Such looser aggregations were found in marine (micro)caves, wherein they extended over the anemones and adjacent rock recesses. An undetermined, visually similar mysid with similar distribution above the oral disc is documented by a colour photograph from Trindade, a small oceanic island in the tropical south-west Atlantic. Potential morphological relationships between the new genus and certain species of Heteromysis from the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean are discussed.
Pelagic shrimps collected during the TALUD I-VII cruises aboard the R/V “El Puma” in the SE Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Hendrickx Michel E.
Published: March 2013

A total of 15 species of pelagic shrimps were collected during the TALUD cruises I-VII (R/V “El Puma”, UNAM) in 1990 and in 2000-2001 in the southeastern Gulf of California, including seven species of Dendrobranchiata (Hymenopenaeus doris, Sergia phorca, S. filicta, Parasergestes halia, Eusergestes similis, Gennadas incertus, and G. sordidus) and eight species of Caridea (Pasiphaea americana, P. emarginata, Hymenodora glacialis, Acanthephyra brevicarinata, A. cf. brevirostris, Plesionika trispinus and Maryprocessa pippinae). Most frequently collected species were G. sordidus (56% of samples), S. phorca (40%), P. emarginata (32%), P. americana and H. doris (both 28%). Most abundant species in the samples were G. sordidus, S. phorca, S. similis and P. trispinus. Sampling was performed between the surface to more than 2000 m. This explains the presence of P. emarginata, a deep-water species rarely reported from the area and not found in much shallower samples taken by the R/V “El Puma” in 1981-1985.
Connecting the dots: confirmation and description of Paranamixis misakiensis Thomas, 1997 leucomorphs (Amphipoda, Leucothoidae)
Authors: White Kristine N.
Published: March 2013

Leucothoid amphipods in the genus Paranamixis Schellenberg, 1938 exhibit two morphologies: pre-transformational leucomorphs and post-transformational anamorphs. The previously unknown leucomorph stage of Paranamixis misakiensis Thomas, 1997 is described. The connection of the leucomorph lifestage to the anamorph lifestage is confirmed via collection from a sponge host in Nabeta Bay, Shimoda, Izu Peninsula, Japan and with nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA sequences.
Assessing Flag State Performance in Legal Terms: Clarifications of the Margin of Discretion
Authors: Takei Yoshinobu
Published: March 2013

Abstract

A lack of control by flag states over their ships is one of the main causes of the current crisis in oceans management. To address this, the international community has been developing actions against irresponsible flag states in various sectors. However, it is not always clear under what circumstances they are considered to be in breach of their duties. A clarification of this issue will enable the international community to better address this problem by establishing a clear common understanding of what the breach of flag state duties entails. The present article examines this issue by considering the margin of discretion, which is akin to the concept ‘margin of appreciation’ often used in other areas, such as human rights, enjoyed by flag states in discharging their duties and analyzing the circumstances under which acts of private ships lead to the international responsibility of their flag state for their wrongful acts.
Religion and State: The View from Enlightenment
Authors: Morgenstern Mira
Published: March 2013

This article analyzes the relationship between religion and state from the viewpoint of Enlightenment philosophers who have shaped political modernity, along with their solutions to the religion-state relationship consonant with human freedom. In so doing, this article underlines the stakes of politicizing religion within modern democracies, highlighting particular approaches by contemporary religious thinkers and philosophical scholars that sketch out ways in which human freedom, both political and religious-theological, may be promoted.
Physical Models as an Aid for Teaching Wood Anatomy
Authors: Lachenbruch Barbara
Published: March 2013

Student activities and instructor-made models are described to facilitate and encourage other instructors to develop their own appropriate activities and models for teaching the three-dimensional structure of wood. The teaching activities include making several annual rings with straws pushed into clay, drawing wood’s structure onto a piece of paper that is folded to resemble a wedge, and assigning students to make an anatomical model to present in class. Plans are given for instructor-made models (1:500 scale) of tracheids, vessel elements, and a hardwood ‘fiber’ to demonstrate their relative dimensions and geometries. These models also include a set of outerwood and corewood tracheids onto which the microfibril angle is traced, and one tracheid on which bordered and cross-field pitting are shown. Plans are then given for a bordered pit pair with its membrane (1:6300 scale). The last model demonstrates the Hagen-Poiseuille equation with an array of 16 conduits that together have the same potential flow as one conduit of two times their diameter. The use of these models has enlivened the classroom and helped students to more readily grasp wood anatomy and function.
Early changes in the radial walls of storied fusiform cambial cells during fiber differentiation
Authors: Rao Karumanchi S. , Kim Jong Sik , Kim Yoon Soo
Published: March 2013

There is little information about the ultrastructural changes taking place in the radial walls of fusiform cambial cells during differentiation into xylem derivatives. The present study reports the early events occurring in the radial walls of fusiform cambial cells (FCCs) during fiber elongation in Holoptelea integrifolia, a deciduous tropical tree with storied cambium. Serial tangential sections of active cambial zone cells demonstrate the initiation of intrusive cell wall elongation from gabled ends of FCCs during fiber development. The elongation at the tip is followed by the axial extension of the entire cell. It was evident from ultrastructural observations made on the tangential sections that the thick beaded pattern on FCC radial walls disappear following cell elongation. PATAg staining, specific for wall polysaccharides showed that, initially, the beaded structures undergo wall loosening following hydrolysis of pectic polysaccharides in the middle lamella. Then the loosened primary walls come together with the axial extension of cells. Thus the beaded nature disappears in the differentiating cambial cells. This study highlights the cell wall changes associated with the differentiation of FCCs into fibers.
Fibre Length in Relation to the Distance from vessels and contact with rays in Acacia Mangium
Authors: Yahya Ridwan , Koze Katsuhiko , Sugiyama Junji
Published: March 2013

Fibre length, as a function of radial or tangential distance from a vessel was estimated from serial cross sections. This new method is easier and faster than earlier methods which rely on photographic prints of transverse images for the analysis. When necessary virtual tangential and radial sections were produced from 3D data to enable fibre length estimation. Fibre length up to the 5th and 2nd fibres away from a vessel in radial and tangential directions, respectively, were significantly shorter than fibres at greater distance from the vessels. Fibre length strongly correlated with radial vessel distance (r = 0.83) up to the 5th fibre and then leveled off. Vessel-adjacent fibres on the radial or tangential side of a vessel did not significantly differ in length. However, the rate of length increase differed significantly in the radial and tangential directions. Percentage of contact with rays varied independently of fibre length.
Identification of Japanese species of evergreen Quercus and Lithocarpus (Fagaceae)
Authors: Noshiro Shuichi , Sasaki Yuka
Published: March 2013

To identify archaeological oak woods with very large vessels (> 200 μm), the wood structure of eleven species of evergreen Quercus and Lithocarpus from Japan were studied. Species groups could be identified by the size and frequency of vessels and the ray structure. Quercus phillyraeoides of subg. Sclerophyllodrys had semi-ring-porous wood with small (< 100 μm on average), numerous vessels, and aggregate rays. Two species of Lithocarpus had aggregate to semi-compound rays that came to be divided by the development of vertical masses of fusiform cells. Among species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis, Q. gilva, Q. hondae, and Q. miyagii had very large vessels with a maximum vessel diameter over 200 μm. Within the species groups, individual species could not be identified just from wood structure, but Q. gilva could be distinguished when the distribution ranges of species were considered. The vertical splitting of semi-compound rays in Lithocarpus with the formation of a vertical wedge of fusiform cells differed from the ray development so far reported in Fagaceae or other taxa that have broad rays, and occurred only in the subgenus Pasania.
New family host and records of Acanthocrios furnarii (Cordero & Vogelsang, 1928) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) from Argentina, and implications in the transmission mechanism of cimicid bugs among birds’ nests
Authors: IORIO OSVALDO DI , TURIENZO PAOLA , BRAGAGNOLO LAURA , SANTILLÁN MIGUEL ÁNGEL , GRANDE JUAN MANUEL
Published: March 2013

Acanthocrios furnarii (Cordero & Vogelsang, 1928) [Hemiptera: Cimicidae: Haematosiphoninae] is an ectoparasite on avian hosts from Argentina and Uruguay. It has been mostly found in mud nests of Furnarius rufus (Gmelin, 1788) [Aves: Furnariidae], but its true hosts are some of the inquiline birds that use F. rufus nests. These inquiline hosts belong to the families Emberizidae, Hirundinidae, Icteridae, Passeridae, and Troglodytidae. Outside F. rufus mud nests, A. furnarii has been found in nests of other Furnariidae, Hirundinidae, and Passeridae. The present work adds the first nonpasserine host (Falconidae) of A. furnarii, together with new records in La Pampa, Argentina. The transmission mechanism of A. furnarii, together with all other cimicid bugs from Argentina and adjacent countries, is increased considering this new host; and we also take into account the birds that nidificate in nest boxes, the cavity-nesting birds in trees and earth, and the inquiline birds in stick nests of Furnariidae and Psittacidae.
The ANDEEP Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) revisited I: the family Agathotanaidae Lang, with description of four new species
Authors: LARSEN KIM , BIRD GRAHAM , OTA MAYUMI
Published: March 2013

Specimens collected during the ANDEEP I and II expeditions revealed a number of new species of tanaidacean from the family Agathotanaidae. One new species of Metagathotanais (M. furcilla), two of Paragathotanais (P. diunguisus, P. triunguisus) and one of Paranarthrura, (P. coimbrai) are described in this study. Metagathotanais furcilla can be separated from all other species by the incomplete fusion of the pleonites and the presence of dorsodistal spines of the propodi of pereopods 4–6. Paragathotanais diunguisus can be separated from all other species by the pereopod propodi with numerous distal spines and the numbers of spiniform setae on the pereopod 4–6 dactylus. Paragathotanais triunguisus can be separated from all other species by the numbers of spiniform setae on the pereopod 4–6 dactyli and the lack of maxilliped endite setae. Paranarthrura coimbrai can be separated from most other species on the spines on the propodi and ungues of pereopods 4–6. A key is given to the agathotanaids in the Antarctic/Subantarctic sector. This brings the number of agathotanaid species recorded from the Subantarctic and Antarctic sectors of theAtlantic to nine.
The type species of Eucosma Hübner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini)
Authors: GILLIGAN TODD M. , WRIGHT DONALD J.
Published: March 2013

Eucosma Hübner is the largest genus in the Tortricidae with more than 290 named species. Historically, there has been confusion about the assignment of species to Eucosma and related genera, a problem which is perpetuated by the lack of a type specimen for the type species, E. circulana Hübner. Here we designate a neotype for E. circulana following analysis of eight North American species having similarities with that taxon. Eucosma circulana and E. gemellana Heinrich are redescribed, the latter being elevated from subspecies to species status. Eucosma paragemellana, new species, is described from specimens previously confused with E. gemellana, and E. fraudabilis Heinrich is reviewed.
Projection of Global Wave Climate Change toward the End of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Semedo Alvaro , Weisse Ralf , Behrens Arno , Sterl Andreas , Bengtsson Lennart , Günther Heinz
Published: March 2013

Wind-generated waves at the sea surface are of outstanding importance for both their practical relevance in many aspects, such as coastal erosion, protection, or safety of navigation, and for their scientific relevance in modifying fluxes at the air–sea interface. So far, long-term changes in ocean wave climate have been studied mostly from a regional perspective with global dynamical studies emerging only recently. Here a global wave climate study is presented, in which a global wave model [Wave Ocean Model (WAM)] is driven by atmospheric forcing from a global climate model (ECHAM5) for present-day and potential future climate conditions represented by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) A1B emission scenario. It is found that changes in mean and extreme wave climate toward the end of the twenty-first century are small to moderate, with the largest signals being a poleward shift in the annual mean and extreme significant wave heights in the midlatitudes of both hemispheres, more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere and most likely associated with a corresponding shift in midlatitude storm tracks. These changes are broadly consistent with results from the few studies available so far. The projected changes in the mean wave periods, associated with the changes in the wave climate in the middle to high latitudes, are also shown, revealing a moderate increase in the equatorial eastern side of the ocean basins. This study presents a step forward toward a larger ensemble of global wave climate projections required to better assess robustness and uncertainty of potential future wave climate change.
Secular Variation in Rainfall Intensity and Temperature in Eastern Australia
Authors: Chen Yi-Ru , Yu Bofu , Jenkins Graham
Published: March 2013

It is generally assumed that rainfall intensity will increase with temperature increase, irrespective of the underlying changes to the average rainfall. This study documents and investigates long-term trends in rainfall intensities, annual rainfall, and mean maximum and minimum temperatures using the Mann–Kendall trend test for nine sites in eastern Australia. Relationships between rainfall intensities at various durations and 1) annual rainfall and 2) the mean maximum and minimum temperatures were investigated. The results showed that the mean minimum temperature has increased significantly at eight out of the nine sites in eastern Australia. Changes in annual rainfall are likely to be associated with changes in rainfall intensity at the long duration of 48 h. Overall, changes in rainfall intensity at short durations (<1 h) positively correlate with changes in the mean maximum temperature, but there is no significant correlation with the mean minimum temperature and annual rainfall. Additionally, changes in rainfall intensity at longer durations (≥1 h) positively correlate with changes in the mean annual rainfall, but not with either mean maximum or minimum temperatures for the nine sites investigated.
Development and Testing of Instrumentation for UAV-Based Flux Measurements within Terrestrial and Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layers
Authors: Reineman Benjamin D. , Lenain Luc , Statom Nicholas M. , Melville W. Kendall
Published: March 2013

Instrumentation packages have been developed for small (18–28 kg) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to measure momentum fluxes as well as latent, sensible, and radiative heat fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the topography below. Fast-response turbulence, hygrometer, and temperature probes permit turbulent momentum and heat flux measurements, and shortwave and longwave radiometers allow the determination of net radiation, surface temperature, and albedo. UAVs flying in vertical formation allow the direct measurement of fluxes within the ABL and, with onboard high-resolution visible and infrared video and laser altimetry, simultaneous observation of surface topography or ocean surface waves. The low altitude required for accurate flux measurements (typically assumed to be 30 m) is below the typical safety limit of manned research aircraft; however, with advances in laser altimeters, small-aircraft flight control, and real-time kinematic differential GPS, low-altitude flight is now within the capability of small UAV platforms. Flight tests of instrumented BAE Systems Manta C1 UAVs over land were conducted in January 2011 at McMillan Airfield (Camp Roberts, California). Flight tests of similarly instrumented Boeing Insitu ScanEagle UAVs were conducted in April 2012 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division (Dahlgren, Virginia), where the first known measurements of water vapor, heat, and momentum fluxes were made from low-altitude (down to 30 m) UAV flights over water (Potomac River). This study presents a description of the instrumentation, summarizes results from flight tests, and discusses potential applications of these UAVs for (marine) atmospheric boundary layer studies.
A comparison of clinical psychoanalysis and research interviews
Authors: Holmes Joshua
Published: March 2013

The increasing interest in psychosocial methods justifies a comparison of elements of clinical psychoanalysis and research interviews. The article outlines the pressures for a paradigm shift in psychoanalysis and research which has led to an overlap between disciplines. While psychoanalysis is under pressure to justify itself with an evidence base, this runs against its constructivist positioning. In contrast, some researchers are becoming dissatisfied with distance and with impersonal and superficial methods. It is argued that motivation for entering each situation is similar if viewed in terms of a search for deeper understanding of the relational self. The research question is compared to the fundamental rule of psychoanalysis, and the notion of free association in the research setting is critiqued. Interpretation in the research setting is problematized. Suggestions are put forward for an integrated and reflexive means of engagement based on the researcher’s ‘reverie’ responses with participants.
Reconstructing institutional complexity in practice: A relational model of institutional work and complexity
Authors: Smets Michael , Jarzabkowski Paula
Published: March 2013

This article develops a relational model of institutional work and complexity. This model advances current institutional debates on institutional complexity and institutional work in three ways. First, it provides a relational and dynamic perspective on institutional complexity by explaining how constellations of logics − and their degree of internal contradiction − are constructed rather than given. Second, it refines our current understanding of agency, intentionality and effort in institutional work by demonstrating how different dimensions of agency interact dynamically in the institutional work of reconstructing institutional complexity. Third, it situates institutional work in the everyday practice of individuals coping with the institutional complexities of their work. In doing so, it reconnects the construction of institutionally complex settings to the actions and interactions of the individuals who inhabit them.
Children’s Expression of Uncertainty in Collaborative and Competitive Contexts
Authors: Visser Mandy , Krahmer Emiel , Swerts Marc
Published: March 2013

We studied the effect of two social settings (collaborative versus competitive) on the visual and auditory expressions of uncertainty by children in two age groups (8 and 11). We conducted an experiment in which children played a quiz game in pairs. They either had to collaborate or compete with each other. We found that the Feeling-of-Knowing of eight-year-old children did not seem to be affected by the social setting, contrary to the Feeling-of-Knowing of 11-year-old children. In addition, we labelled children’s expressions in clips taken from the experiment for various visual and auditory features. We found that children used some of these features to signal uncertainty and that older children exhibited clearer cues than younger children. In a subsequent perception test, adults rated children’s certainty in clips used for labelling. It appeared that older children and children in competition expressed their confidence level more clearly than younger children and children in collaboration.
Interacting State and Non-State Actors in Hybrid Settings of Public Service Delivery
Authors: van der Heijden Jeroen
Published: March 2013

Public services are increasingly delivered through hybrid settings of state and non-state actors. A key characteristic of such settings is the interaction between these actors. Different interactions may have different impacts on the outcomes of the particular settings. Yet to date, this key characteristic has received limited attention in scholarship. This article addresses this knowledge gap by presenting an exploratory comparative case study of two very similar hybrid settings that differ in the type of interaction between state and non-state actors.
Social Media in Public Administration’s Future
Authors: Zavattaro Staci M.
Published: March 2013

Professor Ali Farazmand envisioned a future of public administration affected by technology transformation, among other factors. In that article, however, the professor did not expound on this assertion, leaving room for this contribution. Here, Farazmand’s framework of legal and constitutional, organizational and managerial, political, and intergovernmental and global factors is considered to explore the role of social media in public administration’s future.
Theoretical analysis of strain- and stress-based forming limit diagrams
Authors: Paul Surajit Kumar
Published: March 2013

Forming limit diagram is extensively used in the analysis of sheet metal forming to define the limit of deformation of materials without necking or fracture. This article contributes in construction of strain- and stress-based forming limit diagrams by theoretical analysis of several available instability criteria, including bifurcation analysis of diffuse and through-thickness neck formation, shear stress-based criteria onset of through-thickness necking, and so on, and comparative studies among different available theories are done with earlier published work on forming limit in different literatures. The scope of Tresca criterion in forming limit diagram is also investigated in this article. It is found that apart from stress-based forming limit diagram, conventional failure criterion equivalent failure strain versus triaxiality (η) plot is also strain path independent.
Plane strain solution and cross-section flattening analysis in tube bending with linear hardening law
Authors: E Daxin , Chen Jisheng , Yang Cai
Published: March 2013

Formulae based on plane strain assumption are deduced to calculate principal stresses, von Mises stress and cross-section flattening ratio of tubes subjected to combined bending and additional tension. The analysis shows that additional tensile force causes movement of neutral layer toward bending center and makes deformation behavior under rotary draw bending different with that under pure bending. The principal stresses and the von Mises stress are proportional to yield stress, linear hardening factor and the neutral layer movement and inversely proportional to centerline radius/diameter ratio. With radial displacement at tube’s extrados taken into consideration, the von Mises stress increases with greater neutral layer movement but reduces with larger centerline radius/diameter ratio. Analytical and numerical von Mises stresses distribute nonuniformly in the cross section, and large von Mises stresses localize at the tube’s extrados. Both the maximum values of the two results localize on the outermost surface of the tube. In addition, the variation tendencies of analytical, numerical and experimental change rates of minor axis of the distorted cross section are in good agreement, increasing with smaller centerline radius/diameter ratio. The analytical results are greater than the numerical results but smaller than the experimental results.
The survival of cefazolin-resistant bacteria in mesophilic co-digestion of dairy manure and waste milk
Authors: Beneragama Nilmini , Moriya Yusuke , Yamashiro Takaki , Iwasaki Masahiro , Lateef Suraju A , Ying Chun , Umetsu Kazutaka
Published: March 2013

The use of cefazolin to treat mastitic cows leads to cefazolin residues in milk and manure. This is responsible for the high occurrence of cefazolin resistant bacteria (CRB) in waste and the environment. Anaerobic digestion is considered to have the potential to reduce antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in waste that results from concentrated animal feeding operations. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the survival of CRB and the digester performance in mesophilic co-digestion of dairy manure and waste milk. The experiment was carried out using three digester compositions: 100% slurry (slurry), 50% slurry + 50% manure (manure mixture) and 50% slurry + 45% manure + 5% waste milk (milk mixture) in batch digesters of 1 l with a working volume of 800 ml in triplicate at 37°C for 34 days. The daily biogas production in each digester, and methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide compositions in the gas were determined. The population densities of total culturable bacteria (TCB) and CRB were determined by plate counts on agar media at day 0, 10, 20 and 34 of digestion. Milk mixture produced the highest ( P < 0.05) daily and cumulative total and CH4 gas. The maximum percentage reductions of TCB and CRB in manure and milk mixture was observed at day 20, the values being 96.2%, 96.0% and 99.8% and 99.8% respectively. Final volatile fatty acids (VFA) and pH values of the digesters confirmed the digester stability. Based on the findings, mesophilic anaerobic digestion can be considered a potent method to avoid the dissemination of CRB in nature.
Experimental study and hazard analysis on the flash point of flammable liquids at high altitudes
Authors: Ding Chao , Yao Wei , Zhou DeChuang , Rong JianZhong , Zhang YangShu , Zhang WenXia , Wang Jian
Published: March 2013

Flash point, an important physical property of the flammable liquids, is one of the main indicators to evaluate the fire hazard. In this article, a series of field measurement at different altitudes were carried out by using a portable flash point–measuring apparatus. The six tested altitudes are 3650, 3950, 4250, 4500, and 4750 m in Tibet plateau and 58 m in Hefei, China. Both the theoretical analysis and the experiment results show that the reciprocal of flash point is in linear relationship with the altitude. This article also ranks the fire hazard class of the flammable liquids at different altitudes, based on the classification codes in China. The correlation of fire hazard with altitude is of practical use for the safety management of flammable liquids during production, storage, transport, and usage in high-altitude plateau and aviation environments.
Intersecting Cultural Beliefs in Social Relations
Authors: Ridgeway Cecilia L. , Kricheli-Katz Tamar
Published: March 2013

We develop an evidence-based theoretical account of how widely shared cultural beliefs about gender, race, and class intersect in interpersonal and other social relational contexts in the United States to create characteristic cultural “binds” and freedoms for actors in those contexts. We treat gender, race, and class as systems of inequality that are culturally constructed as distinct but implicitly overlap through their defining beliefs, which reflect the perspectives of dominant groups in society. We cite evidence for the contextually contingent interactional “binds” and freedoms this creates for people such as Asian men, Black women, and poor whites who are not prototypical of images embedded in cultural gender, race, and class beliefs. All forms of unprototypicality create “binds,” but freedoms result from being unprototypical of disadvantaging rather than advantaging statuses.
Individual- and Community-Level Determinants of Public Attitudes Toward Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: McDougle Lindsey M. , Lam Marcus
Published: March 2013

It is often suggested that nonprofit organizations positively impact our local communities. Studies, however, have consistently shown that the distribution of these organizations varies considerably from one community to the next. These differences have led some scholars to begin raising serious concern about the degree of “charitable equity” across communities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore how the makeup of a community’s nonprofit sector affects the views of those who potentially depend on nonprofit services. Specifically, using data from a countywide survey of public attitudes toward nonprofits in southern California ( N = 1,002), we examined whether differences in the distribution of nonprofits affected individuals’ confidence in nonprofit performance as well as their awareness of what nonprofit organizations even are. Findings indicated that nonprofit density was strongly related to awareness of the sector, while awareness was, in turn, strongly related to confidence in nonprofit performance.