bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of Latent and Active Failure Factors in Indonesian Road Transportation Accidents in 2019 – 2021
Authors: Khairina Rahma Laili
Published: March 2023

Road transportation accidents are the eighth leading cause of death worldwide, reaching 1.35 million people annually (WHO, 2021). Data from the NTMC Korlantas Polri for 2019-2021 shows that the number of road transportation accidents in Indonesia is above 100 thousand every year. This study identifies latent and active failure factors contributing to Indonesia's land transportation accidents to determine the causes of accidents comprehensively. This study uses secondary data with 320,084 traffic accident case reports in 2019-2021 belonging to the NTMC Korlantas Polri. The method used is qualitative by analyzing based on the Swiss Cheese Model. The results of this study indicate latent failure factors in road transportation accidents in Indonesia in 2019-2021, namely the initial condition of the brake vehicle not functioning (5.7%), occurring on roads with suitable conditions (92.5%), occurring in sunny weather conditions ( 92.3%), and bright/clear lighting conditions (79.1%). Active failure factors in land transportation accidents in Indonesia in 2019 - 2021 are the age of drivers aged 22 – 29 years (15.7%), drivers with a senior high school education/equivalent (48.4%), drivers who do not have a driver's license (28.3 %), and drivers who are careless towards traffic from the front (19.0%).
Application of the Certainty Factor Method for Diagnosing Osteoarthritis Using the Python Programming Language
Authors: Muntiari Novita Ranti , Hanif Kharis Hudaiby
Published: March 2023

Osteoarthritis is a disease that causes the joints in the bones to become weaker and less able to function properly. Osteoarthritis can cause pain, stiffness, and even deformity in the joints. The solution to the problem of diagnosing Osteoarthritis is to use a tool, namely a system (expert system) that uses computer technology to make decisions more easily, effectively and efficiently. This study uses the Certainty Factor method in diagnosing osteoarthritis and uses 8 symptoms, namely, pain in the joints, joints feel stiff, clicks or cracks appear when the joints are bent or moved, joints lose their flexibility properties, joints feel softer when pressure is applied, spurs appear bones around the joints, namely hard and sharp bony protrusions, swelling around the joints, and muscles around the joints. The conclusions from the calculations and program implementation, the application of the certainty factor in diagnosing osteoarthritis with existing test data, results in 95.38% that the patient has severe symptoms of osteoarthritis, so he must be taken to an orthopedic specialist.
Telemonitoring and Telerehabilitation Can Improve Health Status for Heart Failure? A Review
Authors: Firdaus Eza Kemal , Wijayanti Indri , Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih
Published: March 2023

This review aims to enhance the health status of patients with heart failure. This review will look into the possibilities of telemonitoring and Telerehabilitation as a nursing care delivery paradigm. “Reviews of the literature focus on problems, approaches, formulas, and suggestions for additional research. PUBMED, SAGE Journal, Wiley Online Library, Proquest, and ScienceDirect were all used to conduct extensive research on the subject. Among the telemonitoring and Telerehabilitation methods found in treating heart failure patients were websites, phone calls, and applications.” Telemonitoring and Telerehabilitation can decrease rehospitalization and mortality in heart failure patients while enhancing health status, self-care, self-efficacy, clinical management, and education
Integration of palliative care in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors:   RMD Specialities Hospital and RMD Academy for Health, A Unit of RMD Pain and Palliative Care Trust, Chennai, India, Kalamegam Gauthaman
Published: March 2023

Oral Squamous cell Cancers (OSCC) is strongly associated with tobacco consumption. We here in present a case study of a OSCC patient who refused standard oncological care (SOC), to highlight the importance of integrating palliative care (PC) for improved patient outcomes. A 61 years male patient, with history of chewing tobacco for more than 20 years and diagnosed to have OSCC for 1.5 years presented with severe anaemia and a cauliflower-like growth (12 x 10 cm) in the left oral cavity and cheek with greenish-yellow discharge. Pus culture was positive for K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Patient is also a known hypertensive for 15 years and a diabetic for 7 years on allopathic treatment. However, the patient refused SOC for oral cancer and relied on siddha treatment. Packed cell transfusions were given to correct anaemia and the blood glucose levels was kept under control. Frequent wound debridement, oral care, antibiotics, balanced-diet and hydration improved wound-bed granulation. Patient and family members were counselled and explained in detail on the need for SOC by sharing previous OSCC patients’ care and outcomes at our centre. Patient gained trust and courage and agreed for chemotherapy, which reduced the disease burden and improved the quality of life (QoL) considerably. Therefore, PC integration at an early stage of treatment is imperative as it reduced (i) the burden of secondary infection, (ii) pain and distress, and (iii) improved the QoL.
Ethnicity and risk factors among Indian coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Sah Monika
Published: March 2023

In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the distribution of coronary risk factors in male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)(n=50 each) belonging to Jaat and Vaishya castes. A Significantly higher average height, waist and hip circumferences, glucose, and waist-height ratio were observed in Jaats compared to the Vaishyas (p=0.000). Mean BMI, total cholesterol (total-C) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and lean body mass index (LBMI) were significantly higher in Vaishyas against Jaats (p=0.00). A significantly higher percentage of type 2 diabetes(T2DM) (p=0.03) and isolated hypertriglyceridemia(p=0.01) was observed in Jaats against Vaishya men. Percentage of general obesity(p=0.01), high total-C, high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p=0.00), high total-C/HDL-C(p=0.04), combined positive family history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and general obesity, was significantly higher in Vaishya when compared to Jaat men. In univariate logistic regression analyses, a significant association of T2DM (p=0.039) and isolated hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.020) with Jaat ethnic group and general obesity, high total-C, high LDL-C, and high total-C/HDL-C with Vaishya ethnic group was observed. Results of the present study suggest that a population-specific than a global approach should be used in identifying high-risk groups and designing of interventions to reduce the complications and management of CAD.
Awareness on weaning diet among mothers of under five children in North Gujarat
Authors: Mahalakshmi B
Published: March 2023

Malnutrition caused by ineffective weaning techniques used during infancy and early childhood might affect cognitive and social development, school performance, and productivity in later life. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of education program in enhancing the awareness of mothers of under 5 children regarding weaning diet. The data was collected from 60 mothers of under 5 year’s children. The existing awareness was assessed using a self-structured questionnaire. After pre intervention test, the mothers were provided with educational pamphlets and teaching programme with the help of pictures and charts. Benefits of complementary feeding, types of diet and its importance were included in the teaching program. The effectiveness of the teaching programme was assessed seven days after the start of the education programme. The mean score on the pre-test was 6.98, and the mean score on the post-test was 15.46. The average disparity was 8.48. The pre-test knowledge score's standard deviation was 3.85 and the post-test knowledge score's standard deviation was 4.23. The DF value was 59, the p value was 1.671, and the calculated "t" value is 24.98. At the 0.05 level of significance, the estimated "t" value (24.98) was higher than the table value (1.67) indicating that the education programme was successful in improving mothers' knowledge of weaning food.
T-scans in implant procedures
Authors: Iyer Prabhav Kumar
Published: March 2023

T scans are a breakthrough in technology which allows the user to accurately analyze the occlusion of a patient with minimal to zero errors. They are used during prosthodontic rehabilitation to map out the patient’s occlusion to plan for replacements. Such a high advancement in technology has a backdraw. The cost of the equipment is a concern for simple dental practitioners. There are no large scale studies using T scans in determining the occlusion. Therefore, it is of interest to analyze the use of T scans in determining the percentage of contact in patients with dental implants. This retrospective analysis was done at the Saveetha University hospital set up where patients undergoing prosthesis fabrication for implants were included. Details like their age, gender and the percentage of contact of the implant and percentage of contact on the adjacent tooth were recorded. These details were tabulated and imported to IBM SPSS version 23 for statistical analysis. Chi square test was used to analyze comparable variables. 22 patients were analyzed, the mean percentage of contact of implants was found to be 7.45±9.01 and the mean percentage of contact of adjacent teeth was found to be 10.14±6.7. Thus, T scan is an efficient method in recording the dynamic occlusal contacts of a patient. The use of T scan reveals data pertaining to individual tooth but in the present study there is no statistical significance in terms of exact values comparing implant contact to adjacent tooth contact. Further studies are needed with relation to timing and contact surface of implant prosthesis.
Molecular docking analysis of juglone with parvulin-type PPiase PrsA from Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Laskar Dipten
Published: March 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes variety of infections range from mild skin diseases to life-threatening sepsis. It is also notorious for acquiring resistance to numerous antibiotics. Parvulin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPiase) domain containing PrsA protein is considered as an essential folding factor for secreted proteins of Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, it is considered as a potential target for anti-staphylococcal drug discovery. Juglone, plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone, shows confirmed antitumor and antibacterial activities. Destruction of bacterial biofilm, inhibition of enzyme expression, degradation of nucleic acids, and other pathways are likely the major possible mechanisms for Staphylococcus aureus inactivation by juglone. Selective inhibition of parvulin type PPiase by juglone has been proven biochemically. However, detail structural information of parvulin-juglone interaction and mechanism of enzymatic inhibition till unexplored. Past hypothesis on inactivation of parvulin type PPiase due to covalent attachment of juglone molecules to its cysteine residues is not acceptable for the S. aureus PrsA parvulin domain as that lacks cysteine. Docking studies showed that juglone binds to the active site residues of S. aureus PrsA parvulin domain involved in enzymatic reaction. Active site conserved histidine residue of parvulin may be involved in juglone interaction as it was found to be the common interactive residue in majority of docking complexes. Data shows Juglone possibly inhibits parvulin type PPiase through competitive inhibition mechanism. Subtle differences of juglone interactions with other orthologous parvulin domains will help to develop semisynthetic drug with higher specificity against S. aureus.
Molecular docking analysis of a virulence factor protein dentilisin from Treponema denticola with oxazole piperazine derivatives
Authors: Parthiban Kandeeban
Published: March 2023

Dentilisin is a surface protease synthesized by the cell wall of Treponema denticola. This protein aids in the invasion of the periodontal tissue by causing infection. To identify drug molecules that have better results, homology modeling of the dentilisin protein was constructed, and molecular docking was performed with the oxazole compounds (1-6) taken from previous studies that are not yet clinically used. Data shows that compounds 1, 2, 3 show better inhibiting properties.
Molecular docking analysis of protein filamin-A with thioazo compounds
Authors: Satish Sudarshan
Published: March 2023

It is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis of protein Filamin-A with thioazo compounds. The compounds 1, 3, 5, and 6 showed best molecular docking interaction as compared to the drug doxorubicin. Among the selected ligands (1-6), compound 3 shows better interaction score than doxorubicin and follows Lipinski's rule of five. Hence, it could be considered as a potential lead molecule for inhibiting protein filamin A in the treatment of oral cancer.
Case report on meningoenceplapathy in an Indian patient post CoViD vaccination
Authors: Choudhry Raj Kamal
Published: March 2023

The SARS-COV-2 infection-related severe illness is prevented by vaccinations. Therefore, it is relevant to report a case of post vaccine meningoencephalitis in a 30 year old male Indian patient, who presented with weakness in all the extremities, episodes of loose stool, fever, vomiting, tachypnea and loss of consciousness immediately following the 2nd dose of the COVID vaccination (COVAXIN).
Management of zygomatico maxillary complex fractures among Indian patients
Authors: Makkad amanpal Singh
Published: March 2023

Zygomatic bone fractures should be effectively diagnosed and treated because they affect how the face is shaped for both aesthetically and functional reasons. It is possible to compare different surgical techniques and their comorbidities objectively through using outcome quantitative assessments, which call for a treatment programme and long-term follow-up. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of two procedures and the effectiveness of the zygomatic bone following open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) employing two-point fixation and ORIF employing three-point fixation. Two groups of twenty patients each were randomly assigned to. Twenty patients in Group A had ORIF treatment using two-point miniplate fixation technique, and twenty patients in Group B received three-point miniplate fixation treatment. Differences between the two categories were ascertained after they had been evaluated in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. We discovered that the two-point fixation group had the fewest facial complications and neurological side effects. At 1 month follow up, Group B's average radiological evaluation score was 2.47ą 0.30, and then at 6 months follow up, it was found out to be 1.87ą0.47. A significant statistical distinction between the average radiological evaluations was observed in study participants of Group A at follow up done after one month and six months of procedure. Student's paired t- statistical test was utilized from this statistical analysis. (t = 6.54, P < 0.01). On carrying out follow up after one month of surgery, average neurological assessment score in study participants of group A was found out to be 0.22ą 0.42, and then at 6 months follow up, it was 0.61ą0.63. The average neurological evaluation score in study participants of Group A on carrying out follow up after one month of surgical procedure and and after six months of surgical procedure months showed a significant statistical distinction when utilizing Student's paired t- statistical test (t = 2.51, P = 0.021).It was determined that the best available rehabilitation for the treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures is open reduction and internal fixation employing two-point fixation by miniplates.
A review on accelerated orthodontics
Authors: Makkad Ramanpal Singh
Published: March 2023

When the duration of orthodontic treatment is shortened, the patient may have a number of benefits, including an increase in the number of dental cavities, root resorption, and gingival irritation, all of which are associated to a higher degree of decalcification. In addition to drugs, magnets, and other therapies, they include surgical methods (corticotomies, piezosurgery), mechanical/physical stimulation techniques (vibration, lasers), and other forms of therapy. These methods, each of which has been validated by extensive research, have been shown to reduce treatment times.
Chronic inflammation on gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Makkad Ramanpal Singh
Published: March 2023

The impact of inflammatory response on the biological characteristics of GMSCs has been the subject of studies, with conflicting findings. In order to more fully understand the effects of the localized inflammatory environment, the current study assessed the intensity and differentiating capacity of GMSCs derived from healthy periodontal tissues (H-GMSC) and GMSC derived from inflamed periodontal tissues (I-GMSC) tissues. Cells from every well were taken out and counted using a hemocytometer every three days for a total of 12 days. The findings of the cell proliferation assay, which involved quantifying the cells with the help of a hemocytometer at 0th day, 3rd day, 6th day, and 9th day, are shown. On day nine of culture, there was a considerable (P = 0.02) variation in the rate of multiplication between GMSCs from healthy gingival tissues and GMSCs from gingival tissues having inflammation. Additionally, I-GMSCs had a higher cell concentration on day twelve than that of H-GMSCs. However, there was no significant variance in PDT values comparing GMSCs from healthy gingival tissues and GMSCs from gingival tissues having inflammation (P > 0.05). The mean PDT findings of 66.7 h and 53.4 h have been documented for Healthy-GMSCs and Inflamed-GMSCs, respectively. In addition, compared to GMSCs from healthy gingival tissues, GMSCs from inflammatory tissues had decreased osteogenesis and increased adipogenic potential. To evaluate the efficacy of GMSCs derived from patients suffering periodontitis utilising human models for cell-based treatments, additional study is necessary.
Future directions of online learning environment design at medical schools: a transition towards a post-pandemic context
Authors: Kim Sejin
Published: March 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had an extremely large impact on methods of teaching and learning, and the need for online learning has grown enormously during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because most professors and students adjusted their mode of teaching and learning to this new context, online learning seemed to be going well. The problem is that distance learning was abruptly adopted as an alternative method of classroom instruction. To increase the effectiveness of online learning, more consideration is needed to explore future directions of creating learning environments. Therefore, this study suggests seven design guidelines for designing learning environments at medical schools based on a theoretical background and experiences from the pandemic. Constructivism and situated learning theory are introduced as the theoretical background for learning environment design, and the basic principles of learning environment design with the paradigm shift to learner-centered classrooms and experiences using EdTech, including HyFlex learning, flipped learning, learning management systems, and interactive learning tools, were used to develop the design guidelines. Each design guideline is strategically matched with the basic principles: learner-centeredness, real-world tasks and contexts, problem-solving, new roles of professors as facilitators or tutors, collaboration, and new perspectives of evaluation and assessment.
Role of Digital Tools in Community Management and Urban Participation (Evidence of Belarus)
Authors: Lebedeva Elena
Published: March 2023

This article is devoted to an analysis of the �hybrid neighborhood� phenomenon. Traditionally, a Soviet residential yard is presented in urban studies as the sphere of a neighbor�s active participation. The post-Soviet changes have significantly weakened the activities of neighbor communities; however, the spread of digital communication tools (social networks and messengers) has led to an increase in civic engagement in cities (new forms of neighboring communities are created, traditions of spending time together with neighbors revived, and individuals are actively involving in the struggle for their �place in the city�). The empirical materials that are analyzed reveal the features of neighbors interacting demonstrate the differences between �neighbor� and �civil� communication modes, define the role of online communities in local self-government, and practically implement the �right to the city.�
How to Develop Connective Digital Platform for Urban Activism in Unfree Country: Case of �Robim Good� Project
Authors: Kalavur Andrei
Published: March 2023

This article aims to analyze the �Robim Good� project � a digital platform for sharing urban knowledge and info about upcoming local campaigns. A vacuum among urban initiatives was established in Belarus because of the repressive policy of the authoritarian regime. As a result, around 965 non-profit organizations have been shut down. Nonetheless, there was a demand from activists to create a safe managerial organization that focused on urbanism. The �Robim Good� project became a solution. The research question is as follows: what is the value orientation of the analyzed digital platform that attracts new participants? The paper applies the value-based approach in NGO engagement. The analysis shows that one of the main promoted values and key characteristics of the digital ecosystem is security, which is directed at overcoming the dangers of the unpredictable regime. Subsequently, �Robim Good� has been able to engage volunteers and survive after a year of activity.
Design and Implementation of an Accelerated DMA Controller based on AXI Bus
Authors: Cai Deqing , Ge Muyao , Wang Hashi
Published: March 2023

Because Direct Memory Access (DMA) hardly consumes processor resources when carrying high-speed data, an accelerated DMA controller based on Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) bus protocol is proposed in this paper. The accelerable part of the controller is to replace the CPU for descriptor splitting processing by hardware, which greatly improves the CPU computing power. At the same time, the controller is equipped with eight deeply configured channels, which are used to process different types of tasks. The design supports single transmission of data and linked list transmission type, which can verify the transmitted data and ensure the security of data transmission. In this design, the working frequency of the controller can reach 500M, the power consumption is 1.3mw, and the data throughput rate can reach 40Gbps, which greatly improves the data moving efficiency of the system.
Using ChatGPT to produce code for a typical college‐level assignment
Authors: Wollowski Michael
Published: March 2023

In this article, I record experiments with ChatGPT to write code for AVL trees, a standard and reasonable sized assignment typically found during the second year in a CS curriculum. I show that it is cumbersome to elicit code that satisfies standard style guidelines. I conclude that a good textbook may be a more efficient way to develop code.
Fractal Microelectrodes for More Energy‐Efficient Cervical Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Lim Jongcheon , Eiber Calvin D. , Sun Anina , Maples Amanda , Powley Terry L. , Ward Matthew P. , Lee Hyowon
Published: March 2023

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has the potential to treat various peripheral dysfunctions, but the traditional cuff electrodes for VNS are susceptible to off‐target effects. Microelectrodes may enable highly selective VNS that can mitigate off‐target effects, but they suffer from the increased impedance. Recent studies on microelectrodes with non‐Euclidean geometries have reported higher energy efficiency in neural stimulation applications. These previous studies use electrodes with mm/cm‐scale dimensions, mostly targeted for myelinated fibers. This study evaluates fractal microelectrodes for VNS in a rodent model (N = 3). A thin‐film device with fractal and circle microelectrodes is fabricated to compare their neural stimulation performance on the same radial coordinate of the nerve. The results show that fractal microelectrodes can activate C‐fibers with up to 52% less energy (p = 0.012) compared to circle microelectrodes. To the best of the knowledge, this work is the first to demonstrate a geometric advantage of fractal microelectrodes for VNS in vivo.
Highly Sensitive and Omnidirectionally Stretchable Bioelectrode Arrays for In Vivo Neural Interfacing
Authors: Zhao Qinyi , Zhu Ming , Tian Gongwei , Liang Cuiyuan , Liu Zhiyuan , Huang Jianping , Yu Qianheng Yuan , Tang Shuanglong , Chen Jianhui , Zhao Xizheng , Zeng Qi , Guo Chongshen , Qi Dianpeng
Published: March 2023

Flexible electrode array, a new‐generation neural microelectrode, is a crucial tool for information exchange between living tissues and external electronics. Till date, advances in flexible neural microelectrodes are limited because of their high impedance and poor mechanical consistency at tissue interfaces. Herein, a highly sensitive and omnidirectionally stretchable polymeric electrode array (PEA) is introduced. Micropyramid–nanowire composite structures are constructed to increase the effective surface area of PEA, achieving an exponential reduction in impedance compared with gold (Au) and flat polypyrrole electrodes. Moreover, for the first time, a suspended umbrella structure to enable PEA with omnidirectional stretchability of up to ≈20% is designed. The PEA can withstand 1000 cycles of mechanical loads without decrease in performance. As a proof of concept, PEA is conformally attached to a rat heart and tibialis anterior muscle, and electrophysiological signals (electrocardiogram and electromyogram) of the rat are successfully recorded. This strategy provides a new perspective toward highly sensitive and omnidirectionally stretchable PEA that can facilitate the practical application of neural electrodes.
Giant Humidity Effect of 2D Perovskite on Paper Substrate: Optoelectronic Performance and Mechanical Flexibility
Authors: Wang He , Zhang Xi , Ma Yali , Wang Mengke , Wang Jun
Published: March 2023

Flexible optoelectronic devices have attracted enormous attention as an essential component in next‐generation wearable devices. To meet the trend of biocompatibility, flexibility and low cost, paper‐based optoelectronic devices have become compelling candidates. Moreover, 2D organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites have been extensively studied for the application in flexible optoelectronic devices owing to their long‐term moisture stability, optoelectronic tunability, and multiple quantum well (MQW) structures. Herein, the paper‐based flexible optoelectronic devices are designed by spin‐coating PEDOT:PSS and (iso‐BA)2MAn‐1PbnI3n+1 (n ≥ 1) on regular filter paper with responsivity of 2.62 mA W−1 and response time (τrise/τdecay) of 0.81/0.18 s at 35% relative humidity (RH). Furthermore, the responsivity may be increased by 250% within the humidity range from 35% to 90%, and remains above 92% of the initial value after measured for 1800 s at 60% RH. This work can pave the way for further studies about the humidity effect on perovskites for next‐generation green wearable electronics.
Fast Switching of Bolometric and Self‐Powered Effects in 2H‐NbSe2 for High‐Efficiency Low‐Energy Photon Harvesting
Authors: Jiang Mengjie , Xing Huaizhong , Zhang Libo , Han Li , Zhang Kaixuan , Yao Chenyu , Wang Dong , Wang Xiaodong , Lan Shiqi , Lv Xuyang , Wang Lin
Published: March 2023

The high‐performance detector that operates at the low‐photon‐energy range (≈meV) of the electromagnetic spectrum at room temperature remains in urgent demand for application in a variety of important sectors, including 6G communications, security, sensing, medicine, space science, etc. The vast range of 2D‐layered nanomaterials and their distinct layer structures provide an ideal foundation for the manufacture of sophisticated photodetectors and detectors with convenient fabrication methods. In this paper, the direct detection of terahertz waveband dominated by the bolometer effect and photo‐thermoelectric effect is demonstrated, which is endowed with a versatile integration of 2H‐NbSe2 in terms of planar and vertical van der Waals structures. This 2H‐NbSe2‐based device can detect broadband long wavelength due to the bolometer effect, and the van der Waals heterostructure‐based device exhibits excellent sensitivity and self‐powered photo‐thermoelectric conversion with high responsivity (>735 V W−1), low response time (<1 µs), as well as low noise equivalent power (NEP < 50 pW Hz−0.5) at room temperature. The photodetector engineers versatile detection mechanisms, displaying low‐energy photons on the hybrid integration of novel low‐dimensional materials and providing an opportunity for the practical application of energy harvesting.
Visualizable and Lubricating Hydrogel Microspheres Via NanoPOSS for Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Yao Yubin , Wei Gang , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo
Published: March 2023

The monitoring of tissue regeneration is particularly important. However, most materials do not allow direct observation of the regeneration process in the cartilage layer. Here, using sulfhydryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS‐SH) as a nano‐construction platform, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), Kartogenin (KGN), hydrogenated soya phosphatidylcholine (HSPC), and fluorescein are linked through the “click chemistry” method to construct nanomaterial with fluorescence visualization for cartilage repair: POSS linked with PEG, KGN, HSPC, and fluorescein (PPKHF). PPKHF nanoparticles are encapsulated with hyaluronic acid methacryloyl to prepare PPKHF‐loaded microfluidic hyaluronic acid methacrylate spheres (MHS@PPKHF) for in situ injection into the joint cavity using microfluidic technology. MHS@PPKHF forms a buffer lubricant layer in the joint space to reduce friction between articular cartilages, while releasing encapsulated positively charged PPKHF to the deep cartilage through electromagnetic force, facilitating visualization of the location of the drug via fluorescence. Moreover, PPKHF facilitates differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes, which are located in the subchondral bone. In animal experiment, the material accelerates cartilage regeneration while allowing monitoring of cartilage layer repair progression via fluorescence signals. Thus, these POSS‐based micro–nano hydrogel microspheres can be used for cartilage regeneration and monitoring and potentially for clinical osteoarthritis therapy.
Stocking up and stocking out: Food retail stock‐outs, consumer demand, and prices during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020
Authors: McLaughlin Patrick W. , Stevens Alexander , Arita Shawn , Dong Xiao
Published: March 2023

Monitoring food retail stock‐outs or the unplanned unavailability of certain food items for purchase assists policymakers in responding to food supply chain disruptions. This study focuses on identifying food stock‐outs using store‐level scanner data on US grocery store sales during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020. The total median stock‐out rates of fixed‐weight items increased by approximately 130% after March 15, 2020. Categories such as meat and poultry products, some convenience and frozen foods, baby formula, and carbonated beverages had the highest stock‐out rates. The analysis also explores the relationship between stock‐out rates, sales increases, and food prices during the pandemic.
Pd‐Catalyzed Dehydrative Synthesis of Allylic Amines in Water
Authors: Yu Jing , Yan Xiaoyu , Liu Feng , Zhou Ying , Man Wenxin , Ma Xiantao
Published: March 2023

A mild Pd‐catalyzed Tsuji‐Trost reaction of allylic alcohols with an amine nucleophile in water media was developed, leading to the green synthesis of the valuable allylic amines. This new method requires no chemical activators and sophisticated soluble ligands, and can be easily scaled up in gram scale and be readily extended to the gram scale synthesis of Naftifine, one of the best‐selling antifungal drugs, showing the practical value of this new method.
Early‐life behavioral features are associated with chronic emesis in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Nakatani Jamie Y. , Pomerantz Ori , Stockinger Diane , Christe Kari , Hopkins Lincoln , Roberts Jeffrey A. , Reader Rachel J. , Ardeshir Amir
Published: March 2023

Chronic emesis (CE) is a poorly understood condition in human and nonhuman primates that negatively impacts the quality of life. Early identification of risk factors for the development of CE is likely to improve the ability to manage CE cases successfully and is, therefore, desirable. Using a case‐control study, we reviewed the necropsy records of the California National Primate Research Center and identified 24 animals with recorded CE, defined as five or more incidents of emesis in 1 month. A group of 89 healthy rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), comparable in age and percent time housed indoors, was similarly identified. Next, we investigated the association between the occurrence of CE during later stages of life after infancy and the behavioral temperament scores attained in infancy, age, sex, birth location, rearing condition, history of self‐injurious behavior (SIB), and the number of lifetime sedation events. Our analysis revealed that CE was associated with degrees of temperament constructs obtained in infancy (data was available for n = 113), such as Confidence (odds ratio (OR) = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.18, 1.08, p = 0.07), Gentleness (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.96, p = 0.03), Nervousness (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 0.98, 4.23, p = 0.05), and Vigilance (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 015, 0.87, p = 0.02), suggesting that CE is linked to behavioral phenomenon measured in early life, long before it becomes a medical concern. Our data suggest that CE was positively correlated with a history of SIB (OR 4.26, 95% CI: 0.98, 18.47, p = 0.04). Accurate prediction of CE can then assist behavioral and colony management professionals in making informed decisions regarding the care of animals at risk of developing CE. Moreover, the novel information we reported here could have valuable implications in human medicine, where gastrointestinal distress is a common complaint affecting a person's quality of life.
Mandating COVID‐19 vaccinations for children: Attitudes of Western Australian parents
Authors: Attwell Katie , Keays Eliza , McKenzie Lara , Roberts Leah , Blyth Christopher C. , Carlson Samantha J.
Published: March 2023

Australian governments have used vaccine mandates to drive high uptake of routine childhood vaccines and adult Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and influenza vaccines. We sought to understand the attitudes of Western Australian parents regarding mandating COVID‐19 vaccines for children, interviewing 44 parents of children aged up to 18 years between May and December 2021. Transcripts were analysed to ascertain parents' attitudes and sources of reasoning. Over half of the parents supported COVID‐19 vaccine mandates for children, while the rest had opposing, nuanced or indifferent views. Participants invoked community and health‐related reasoning; policy and government‐related reasoning; and concerns based on practical implementation. There was a high degree of consistency in parents' attitudes toward COVID‐19 vaccines and whether they supported mandating them for children, although some who planned to delay vaccination nevertheless supported the idea of mandates. Some participants reported that a mandate would prompt them to vaccinate, but others were willing to accept the consequences of keeping their children unvaccinated, or said that a mandate would not affect them as they would vaccinate regardless. Understanding how parents think and feel about mandating COVID‐19 vaccines with educational exclusions or financial penalties is critical to inform policymakers, who may consider these strategies for future pandemic vaccines.
Dressed Airy Vortex Beam in a Hot Atomic Medium
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Hu Zhiyu , Zhang Yuan , Zheng Rui , Liu Tiancong , Zhang Yanpeng
Published: March 2023

Introducing vortices into an Airy beam by the interference between the lobes of the Airy beam for the first time, the modulation of Airy vortices is experimentally and theoretically investigated by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect and changing the number of side lobes of the Airy beam. The formation and disappearance of vortices in Airy beams can be caused by changing the number of side lobes. The EIT effect can induce the movement of vortex phase singularity by regulating the intensities of lobes in Airy beams. However, changing the number of side lobes can change the energy distribution of the lobes through the energy flow due to the self‐healing of Airy beams, thus causing the displacement of vortex phase singularity. In addition, the simulation of the Poynting vector shows that the less the side lobes are blocked, the more energy can be retained in the main lobe and the unblocked side lobes, so that the overall shape of the Airy beam can be better maintained. Such studies provide a new method to acquire and adjust Airy vortex beams and can be applied in the realm of optical micromanipulation.
Inherently Emissive Puromycin Analogues for Live Cell Labelling
Authors: Hadidi Kaivin , Steinbuch Kfir B. , Dozier Lara E. , Patrick Gentry N. , Tor Yitzhak
Published: March 2023

Puromycin derivatives containing an emissive thieno[3,4‐d]‐pyrimidine core, modified with azetidine and 3,3‐difluoroazetidine as Me2N surrogates, exhibit translation inhibition and bactericidal activity similar to the natural antibiotic. The analogues are capable of cellular puromycylation of nascent peptides, generating emissive products without any follow‐up chemistry. The 3,3‐difluoroazetidine‐containing analogue is shown to fluorescently label newly translated peptides and be visualized in both live and fixed HEK293T cells and rat hippocampal neurons.
Visualizing Proteins in Human Cells at Near‐Physiological Concentrations with Sensitive 19F NMR Chemical Tags
Authors: Chai Zhaofei , Wu Qiong , Cheng Kai , Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Zeting , Jiang Ling , Zhou Xin , Liu Maili , Li Conggang
Published: March 2023

In‐cell NMR spectroscopy is an effective tool for observing proteins at atomic resolution in their native cellular environment. However, its utility is limited by its low sensitivity and the extensive line broadening caused by nonspecific interactions in the cells, which is even more pronounced in human cells due to the difficulty of overexpressing or delivering high concentrations of isotopically labeled proteins. Here, we present a high‐sensitivity tag (wPSP‐6F) containing two trifluoromethyl groups that can efficiently label globular proteins with molecular weights in the 6–40 kDa range under mild conditions. This tag allowed us to detect globular proteins in human cells at concentrations as low as 1.0 μM, which would not have been achievable with 15N or 3‐fluorotyrosine labeling. Moreover, we detected conformational changes and interactions of proteins in the cellular environment. The new sensitive 19F NMR tag may significantly expand the scope of protein NMR in human cells.
Reducing Overpotential of Solid‐State Sulfide Conversion in Potassium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ye Chao , Shan Jieqiong , Li Huan , Kao Chun‐Chuan , Gu Qinfen , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: March 2023

Improving kinetics of solid‐state sulfide conversion in sulfur cathodes can enhance sulfur utilization of metal‐sulfur batteries. However, fundamental understanding of the solid‐state conversion remains to be achieved. Here, taking potassium‐sulfur batteries as a model system, we for the first time report the reducing overpotential of solid‐state sulfide conversion via the meta‐stable S32− intermediates on transition metal single‐atom sulfur hosts. The catalytic sulfur host containing Cu single atoms demonstrates high capacities of 1595 and 1226 mAh g−1 at current densities of 335 and 1675 mA g−1, respectively, with stable Coulombic efficiency of ≈100 %. Combined spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical computations reveal that the relatively weak Cu‐S bonding results in low overpotential of solid‐state sulfide conversion and high sulfur utilization. The elucidation of solid‐state sulfide conversion mechanism can direct the exploration of highly efficient metal‐sulfur batteries.
Enhancing Energy Conversion Efficiency and Durability of Alkaline Nickel‐Zinc Batteries with Air‐Breathing Cathode
Authors: Xie Weili , Zhu Kaiyue , Yang Hanmiao , Jiang Weikang , Li Weijian , Wang Zhengsen , Yang Weishen
Published: March 2023

Despite their high output voltage and safety advantages, rechargeable alkaline nickel‐zinc batteries face significant challenges associated with the cathodic side reaction of oxygen evolution, which results in low energy efficiency (EE) and poor stability. Herein, we propose to leverage the side oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in nickel‐zinc batteries by coupling electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in the cathode, thus constructing an air breathing cathode. Such a novel battery (Ni‐ZnAB), designed in a pouch‐type cell with a lean electrolyte, exhibits an outstanding EE of 85 % and a long cycle life of 100 cycles at 2 mA cm−2, which are significantly superior to those of traditional Ni‐Zn batteries (54 %, 50 cycles). Compared to Ni‐Zn, the enhanced EE of Ni‐ZnAB is attributed to the contribution from ORR, while the improved cycling stability is because the stability of the anode, cathode and electrolyte are also enhanced in Ni‐ZnAB. Furthermore, an ultrahigh stability of 500 cycles with an average EE of 84 % at 2 mA cm−2 was achieved using a mold cell with rich electrolyte, demonstrating the strong application potential of Ni‐ZnAB.
A Coordination Polymer of Vaska's Complex as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Reductive Formation of Enamines from Amides
Authors: Griffin Samuel E. , Domecus Grant P. , Flores Clarissa E. , Sikma R. Eric , Benz Lauren , Cohen Seth M.
Published: March 2023

Low‐valent metal–organic frameworks (LVMOFs) and related materials have gained interest due to their potential applications in heterogeneous catalysis. However, of the few LVMOFs that have been reported, none have shown catalytic activity. Herein, a low‐valent metal‐organic material constructed from phosphine linkers and IrI nodes is reported. This material is effectively a crystalline, insoluble analogue of Vaska's complex. As such, the material reversibly binds O2 and catalyzes the reductive formation of enamines from amides.
Dimension Engineering of Stimuli‐Responsive 1D Molecular Crystals into Unusual 2D and 3D Zigzag Waveguides
Authors: Annadhasan Mari , Vinod Kumar Avulu , Giri Prasenjit , Nandy Sridatri , Panda Manas K. , Jovan Jose K. V. , Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate an innovative technique to achieve organic 2D and 3D waveguides with peculiar shapes from an acicular, stimuli‐responsive molecular crystal, (2Z,2′Z)‐3,3′‐(anthracene‐9,10‐diyl)bis(2‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylacrylonitrile), Ant‐CF3. The greenish‐yellow fluorescent (FL) Ant‐CF3 molecular crystals exhibit laser power‐dependent permanent mechanical bending in 2D and 3D. Investigation of a single‐crystal using spatially‐resolved Raman/FL/electron microscopy, and theoretical calculations revealed photothermal (Z,E)/(E,E) isomerization‐assisted transition from crystalline to amorphous phase at the laser‐exposed regions. This phenomenon facilitates the dimension engineering of a 1D crystal waveguide into 2D waveguide on a substrate or a 3D waveguide in free space. The bends can be used as interconnection points to couple different optical elements. The presented technique has broader implications in organic photonics and other crystal‐related photonic technologies.
Modeling complex AGN media in X‐rays with skirt
Authors: Vander Meulen Bert , Camps Peter , Stalevski Marko , Baes Maarten
Published: March 2023

We present the new X‐ray functionalities of the skirt radiative transfer code, forming an advanced tool to study cold dusty gas in active galactic nuclei (AGN), with a particular focus on complex three‐dimensional transfer media. Focusing on the X‐ray broadband spectra of obscured AGN, skirt incorporates scattering on free electrons, absorption and fluorescence by cold gas, scattering on bound electrons, as well as absorption and scattering by dust. This goes beyond the X‐ray physical processes that are currently implemented in most spectral models for fitting distant reflection in AGN. With the introduction of these X‐ray physics, we obtain a high‐performance radiative transfer code that can model intricate multi‐phase AGN media with complex geometries in X‐rays, which furthermore supports advanced kinematics and allows for self‐consistent model predictions from infrared to X‐ray energies.
Norvancomycin plasma concentration monitoring in hemodialysis patients with end stage kidney disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Du Liying , Huo Liman , Hou Juan , Zhou Xiajin , Liu Mingfeng , Guo Teng , Wang Wei , Chen Huihui , Chen Xinran
Published: March 2023

Blood concentration monitoring plays an important role in the rational use of norvancomycin. However, the reference interval for the norvancomycin plasma concentration in the treatment of infections in hemodialysis patients with end stage kidney disease is undefined. To determine the safe and effective interval for the norvancomycin plasma trough concentration, 39 patients treated with hemodialysis and norvancomycin were analyzed retrospectively. The norvancomycin plasma concentration before hemodialysis was tested as the trough concentration. The associations of the norvancomycin trough concentration with efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated. No norvancomycin concentration above 20 μg/mL was detected. The trough concentration, but not the dose, had a significant effect on the anti‐infectious efficacy. Compared with the low norvancomycin trough concentration group (<9.30 μg/mL), the high concentration group (9.30–20.0 μg/mL) had improved efficacy (OR = 15.45, p < 0.01) with similar side effects (OR = 0.5417, p = 0.4069). It is beneficial to maintain the norvancomycin trough concentration at 9.30–20.0 μg/mL to achieve a good anti‐infectious effect in hemodialysis patients with end stage kidney disease. Plasma concentration monitoring provides a data basis for the individual treatment of infections with norvancomycin in hemodialysis patients.
Prior behavior and wording of norm nudge requests shape compliance and reciprocity
Authors: Pittarello Andrea , Schmidt Thekla , Segel Assaf , Mayo Ruth
Published: March 2023

We examined the effect of explicit norm nudge requests for compliance in a field study on workplace dishonesty and three controlled experiments on reciprocity. The requests were presented either with affirmation (e.g., “please pay” and “please remember to pay”) or negation (e.g., “please, do not forget to pay”) and solicited by either one person or three people who were also the beneficiaries of compliance. We also explored how these requests affected first time and repeated behaviors. We found no effect of the number of people soliciting the requests. However, we did find that for first‐time behaviors, any request increased compliance compared with no request, and those worded with affirmation were more effective than those worded with negation. We replicated this pattern in repeated behaviors—both at the group and at the individual level—but only when the initial compliance, before the request, was low. Importantly, no increase emerged when individuals did not receive requests, showing that requests only, and not regression to the mean, explained the effect.