bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The life‐history ofCheilodactylus rubrolabiatusfrom south‐western Australia and comparison of biological characteristics of the Cheilodactylidae and Latridae: support for an amalgamation of families
Authors: Coulson Peter G.
Published: January 2019

Cheilodactylus rubrolabiatuscollected from the south and lower west coasts of Western Australia were used to investigate the influence of habitat and environmental conditions on the biology of this species. A lack of difference in the growthC. rubrolabiatusfrom cool south coast and warmer lower west coast waters in Western Australia and the greater maximum ages attained by fish on the latter coast, both run contrary to premises of the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE). Although the greater size (L50) and age (A50) at maturity ofC. rubrolabiatuson the south coast is consistent with MTE, this may reflect higher densities of fish on discontinuous shoreline rocky reefs on this coast and thus the need for fish, particularly males, to attain a larger size to successfully defend habitat and mates during spawning. Members of the closely related Cheiodactylidae and Latridae vary in maximum fork length (LFmax280–950 mm) and age (19–97 years) and display a range of growth patterns. While theL50of cheilodactylid and latrid species increased with increasing asymptotic lengths (L∞), their maximum ages did not necessary reflect theA50(i.e., mature early, but live long). TheM(natural mortality):k(von Bertalanffy growth parameter) ratios indicate thatCheilodactylusandNemadactylusspecies exhibit a type II life‐history strategy, typified by initial rapid growth,L50close to theirL∞and little or no growth during an extended adult phase. A lack of distinct difference in the biological characteristics of the Cheilodactylidae and latrids may assist in resolving uncertainty regarding the taxonomy of these families.
Self‐stigma among Korean patients with diabetes: A concept analysis
Authors: Seo Kawoun , Song Youngshin
Published: January 2019

Aims and Objectives

To conduct a concept analysis of self‐stigma among patients with diabetes and introduce an operational definition of self‐stigma.

Background

Due to fears of being monitored, patients with diabetes often conceal their disease and/or withdraw from social relationships. These behaviours negatively affect patients’ self‐care and socialisation.

Design

A concept analysis was conducted using a three‐phase (theoretical phase, fieldwork phase and final analysis phase) hybrid method by Schwartz‐Barcott and Kim (Nursing research methodology: Issues and implementations, 1986, Rockville, MD: Aspen).

Methods

During the theoretical phase, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL. Using COREQ guidelines, in the fieldwork phase, in‐depth interviews were conducted with nine participants with diabetes. The recorded data were analysed using a grounded theory approach. Results from both were included in the analytic phase.

Results

In the fieldwork phase, nine patients with diabetes (four men and five women; mean age = 57.00 ± 21.93 years) participated in the interview. The mean duration of diabetes was 21.44 ± 12.39 years. The self‐stigma concept included three categories with nine attributes: affective (negative feelings and feeling sorry for others who have concerns about me), cognitive (low self‐esteem and self‐efficacy, perceived weakness, low expectations for the future, worry for children and disease burden) and behavioural factors (social withdrawal and avoiding disease disclosure). The nine attributes included 23 indicators.

Conclusions

Self‐stigma among patients with diabetes is defined as a state in which patients develop negative self‐feelings as they deal with the disease. This can cause diminished self‐esteem and self‐efficacy, as well as a tendency to avoid disclosing the illness along with social withdrawal.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Based on this self‐stigma concept analysis, we clarified the attributes of diabetes self‐stigma and distinguished it from social stigma in nurse professionals during patient education and clinical assessment.
Using the theory of planned behaviour to predict nurse's intention to undertake dual practice in China: A multicentre survey
Authors: Bai Xiaoling , Wang Anni , Plummer Virginia , Lam Louisa , Cross Wendy , Guan Ziyao , Hu Xin , Sun Mei , Tang Siyuan
Published: January 2019

Aims and objectives

To identify the intention of nurses to dual practice (DP) and inform policymaking in centralised government settings.

Background

DP is pervasive worldwide but was not permitted in China until 2009, with a primary goal of encouraging nurses from over‐staffed health services to work additional shifts in understaffed settings.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

A DP questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour was developed and issued to nurses from three comprehensive public hospitals in 24 units selected by stratified random cluster sampling (n = 526). This study was reported based on STROBE checklist.

Results

The mean for intention was 3.47 with strongly disagree as one point, neutral as three point and strongly agree as five point in scaling. Nurses with any of these characteristics: female, aged between 40 and 49, married, working more than 15 years, and managers were significantly reluctant to undertake DP. The structural equation model showed that the level of positive attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control could positively predict intention, and attitude had highest effect value. Perceived behavioural control and attitude acted as sequential mediators between subjective norm and intention. Nurses preferred large or private hospitals if conducting DP without restriction from the government.

Conclusions

Nurses' intention to undertake DP was not strong, which was impacted by attitude, subjective norm, time and energy. Nurses preferred large or private hospitals; therefore, the goal of improving equity by DP in developing countries might be undermined.

Relevance to clinical practice

To encourage DP, attitude and subjective norm are important paths, the latter being the initial step. Reasonable incentives or restrictions, such as specifying regulations on practice place and time limitation, qualifications and legal liability and remuneration are recommended to ensure successful DP implementation from over‐staffed health services to understaffed settings.
Social inclusion among mental health service users: A reliability test of the Mini‐SCOPE Scale
Authors: Tan Chay Huang Sharon , Chiu Yu Lung Marcus , Leong Jern‐yi Joseph , Tan Li Yan Elysia
Published: January 2019

Aim and objectives

To evaluate the reliability of the Mini‐SCOPE scale through interitem consistency and test–retest consistency, as well as the initial correlation with outcome measures of recovery.

Background

Adapted from a UK, Social and Communities Opportunities Profile (Mini‐SCOPE) is a short version of an social inclusion measurement for English‐speaking persons in recovery (PIR) in Singapore. Prior concept mapping sets the stage for this reliability study.

Design

This study adopted a nonexperimental, pre‐ and postdesign to validate the psychosocial measurement tool for community services.

Method

Convenient sampling was conducted at the various designated clinics. A total of 170 voluntary participants from psychiatric outpatient clinics were recruited for this study. It evaluated the 4‐week interval test–retest reliability of the Mini‐SCOPE. “AGREE” equator checklist was completed to guide the reporting of clinical practice. “See Supporting Information File S1.”

Result

Outcome demonstrated that the Mini‐SCOPE scale has good strength of reliability.

Conclusion

This study showed that the Mini‐SCOPE measurement has the potential to be used for programme evaluation in mental health settings.

Relevance to clinical practice

Applicable to nurses and other mental health professionals to consider the social and wellness aspects of the patients in their care when planning appropriate services.
Men’s experience of their partners’ breast cancer diagnosis, breast surgery and oncological treatment
Authors: Catania Anna M. , Sammut Scerri Clarissa , Catania Gottfried J.
Published: January 2019

Aims and objectives

To investigate the experiences of male partners of female breast cancer patients who had undergone surgery and oncological treatment and who were still raising children.

Background

Research on the psychological effects of breast cancer has focused primarily on the patients undergoing treatment, neglecting the effect of such a condition on their closest family members. This study addresses this gap by focusing on understanding the effects of this disease on male partners of these patients.

Design

An interpretative phenomenological approach was used.

Methods

Eight males whose female partners were diagnosed with primary breast cancer between the ages of 30 and 55 and who had young children still living at home at the time were interviewed by the first author of this article. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological framework, in accordance with the guidelines in the COREQ checklist for qualitative studies.

Results

Participants emphasized the difficulties they faced in trying to juggle work and family responsibilities while offering support to their partners, a task they felt ill‐prepared for. At times, they felt excluded by their partners and worried about the impact of the disease on their children. A common fear was that of recurrence of the disease, and while some discussed the financial difficulties associated with treating the disease, others saw it as enhancing the potential for their personal and couple growth.

Conclusions

This study adds to the topic by uncovering the perspectives of male partners of breast cancer patients and the effects of their partner’s condition on them and their families.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results of this study can be used to inform policy when providing holistic care. They also highlight the importance of counselling and support interventions for partners of breast cancer patients.
Correlated Trading by Life Insurers and Its Impact on Bond Prices
Authors: Chiang Chia‐Chun , Niehaus Greg
Published: January 2019

Our evidence indicates that U.S. life insurers’ decisions to buy and sell individual corporate bonds are correlated across companies within the life insurance industry. On average, the correlation in sell decisions is greater in smaller bonds, bonds with lower ratings, bonds that have been downgraded, and bonds that have recently experienced relatively large abnormal returns. Correlated trading was also elevated during the financial crisis. In addition, correlated buying and selling are greater when insurers designated as systemically important financial institutions are actively trading. We also find that the bonds that insurers sell in a correlated manner exhibit negative average abnormal returns during the quarter in which insurers are selling. One explanation is that insurers’ correlated selling is temporarily pushing bond prices below their fundamental value. In this case, we would expect prices to bounce back in the subsequent quarter. However, we do not find a rebound in prices and therefore our evidence supports the alternative explanation that insurers’ correlated selling is impounding information into bond prices.
A new masticatory performance assessment method for infants: A feasibility study
Authors: Tournier Carole , Demonteil Lauriane , Canon Francis , Marduel Agnès , Feron Gilles , Nicklaus Sophie
Published: January 2019

This study evaluated the feasibility of assessing masticatory performance in infants and toddlers. Four groups of healthy children (n = 97, 42 girls and 55 boys) participated in the study: two study groups (SG) followed at 6, 8, and 10 months old (MO) or at 12, 15, and 18 MO, and two control groups (CG) of respectively 10 and 18 MO children. Masticatory performance was determined from children's ability to comminute a model gel during videotaped lab measurements. The gel was inserted in a mesh feeder and offered to the child for a 60s oral processing duration, then gel particles were collected from the feeder and photographed. Resulting gel breakdown was assessed from the characterization of the area and number of formed particles. Children strategy to orally process the gel (sucking vs. biting/chewing) was evaluated from video recordings. Children's compliance (acceptance of the feeder in the mouth for the expected duration) was average (51%) overall. It decreased from 1 year of age and was higher in SG than in CG. The number and area of gel particles formed under oral processing increased significantly with age, demonstrating an increase in children masticatory performance as they grew up. Median particles area was positively associated with sucking behavior and negatively associated with biting/chewing. The association with teeth emergence was not significant. In conclusion, the proposed method is relevant for quantifying the development of early masticatory performance in children who accept to hold the feeder in their mouth.

Practical applications

In this article, a method to easily quantify masticatory performance in young children aged 6–18 MO was evaluated. The method is based on a feeder and could be used for collecting boluses, as an alternative to the chew‐and‐spit method when it is unfeasible. Children's compliance to the method and the impact of previous study participation on compliance to the protocol are detailed, giving thus a rationale for an optimal application of this method in future experiments. Finally, the determination of masticatory performance as a function of age thanks to this method could contribute to the understanding of food oral processing and food texture acceptance in childhood in future studies.
Fire can weaken or trigger functional responses of trees to flooding in wetland forest patches
Authors: de Almeida Souza Allan H. , Batalha Marco Antônio , Casagrande José Carlos , Rivaben Rodrigo Cyrino , Assunção Vivian Almeida , Pott Arnildo , Alves Damasceno‐Junior Geraldo
Published: January 2019

Question

Fire and flood act as ecological filters on vegetation, either separately or combined, and cause morphological and physiological changes. Hence, they influence the composition and structure of plant communities. Since evidence strongly suggests that they are important filters operating in the system, we asked if fire, flood intensity, and their interaction could be related to variation in the functional traits of studied trees.

Study Site

Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Methods

We sampled 14 individuals (totaling 280) of the 20 most representative trees in 24 forest patches along the flooding gradient and measured functional traits related to allocation of resources and protection in response to these filters. We also assessed leaf and soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels.

Results

Along the flooding gradient, the studied tree species showed a tendency toward decreasing specific leaf area (SLA), as well as leaf nitrogen concentrations, whereas leaf thickness and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) increased. In burned areas, LDMC and leaf nitrogen exhibited the opposite tendency and decreased along the flooding gradient. Leaf thickness (LT) showed less increase in burned areas, while SLA had less decrease. Relative Bark Thickness (RBT) increased along the flooding gradient only after fire. Soil nitrogen decreased along the flooding gradient without an effect of fire.

Conclusions

Since LDMC is a proxy of flammability, the probability of burning decreases after each fire event, while the most flooded environments become less fire‐prone. In burned environments, the differences in the allocation of resources (SLA and LT) diminish along the flooding gradient, indicating that leaf behavior is almost the same post‐fire. RBT increases with increased flooding only after a fire, contributing to oxygen exchange during floods to protect the bark against fire. The interaction between fire and flood causes tree species to invest in structures for protection and resistance to fire, as well as retain nutrients.
Administrative (in)Visibility of Patient Structural Vulnerability and the Hierarchy of Moral Distress among Health Care Staff
Authors: Armin Julie S.
Published: January 2019

Public programs such as Medicaid offer highly circumscribed access to health care for low‐income patients in the United States. This article describes the work of a variety of health care staff who manage specialized cancer care for publicly insured patients who have difficulty gaining or maintaining program eligibility or for uninsured and undocumented patients who are excluded from state programs. I highlight the moral distress that occurs when clinic employees become individually responsible for reconciling policies that limit patients’ access to care. I conclude that responsibility for securing access to cancer care for structurally vulnerable patients frequently falls to safety net clinics and that patients’ financial constraints are visible to particular types of staff, such as non‐licensed health care staff and non‐physician providers, who may experience moral distress disproportionately.
A trait‐based approach to predict population genetic structure in bees
Authors: López‐Uribe Margarita M. , Jha Shalene , Soro Antonella
Published: January 2019

Understanding population genetic structure is key to developing predictions about species susceptibility to environmental change, such as habitat fragmentation and climate change. It has been theorized that life‐history traits may constrain some species in their dispersal and lead to greater signatures of population genetic structure. In this study, we use a quantitative comparative approach to assess if patterns of population genetic structure in bees are driven by three key species‐level life‐history traits: body size, sociality, and diet breadth. Specifically, we reviewed the current literature on bee population genetic structure, as measured by the differentiation indices Nei's GST, Hedrick's G′ST, and Jost's D. We then used phylogenetic generalised linear models to estimate the correlation between the evolution of these traits and patterns of genetic differentiation. Our analyses revealed a negative and significant effect of body size on genetic structure, regardless of differentiation index utilized. For Hedrick's G′ST and Jost's D, we also found a significant impact of sociality, where social species exhibited lower levels of differentiation than solitary species. We did not find an effect of diet specialization on population genetic structure. Overall, our results suggest that physical dispersal or other functions related to body size are among the most critical for mediating population structure for bees. We further highlight the importance of standardizing population genetic measures to more easily compare studies and to identify the most susceptible species to landscape and climatic changes.
Outer surface protein polymorphisms linked to host‐spirochete association in Lyme borreliae
Authors: Tufts Danielle M. , Hart Thomas M. , Chen Grace F. , Kolokotronis Sergios‐Orestis , Diuk‐Wasser Maria A. , Lin Yi‐Pin
Published: January 2019

Lyme borreliosis is caused by multiple species of the spirochete bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The spirochetes are transmitted by ticks to vertebrate hosts, including small‐ and medium‐sized mammals, birds, reptiles, and humans. Strain‐to‐strain variation in host‐specific infectivity has been documented, but the molecular basis that drives this differentiation is still unclear. Spirochetes possess the ability to evade host immune responses and colonize host tissues to establish infection in vertebrate hosts. In turn, hosts have developed distinct levels of immune responses when invaded by different species/strains of Lyme borreliae. Similarly, the ability of Lyme borreliae to colonize host tissues varies among different spirochete species/strains. One potential mechanism that drives this strain‐to‐strain variation of immune evasion and colonization is the polymorphic outer surface proteins produced by Lyme borreliae. In this review, we summarize research on strain‐to‐strain variation in host competence and discuss the evidence that supports the role of spirochete‐produced protein polymorphisms in driving this variation in host specialization. Such information will provide greater insights into the adaptive mechanisms driving host and Lyme borreliae association, which will lead to the development of interventions to block pathogen spread and eventually reduce Lyme borreliosis health burden.
The projection of anorectal afferents to spinal cord and effect of sacral neuromodulation on dorsal horn neurons which receive such input in the rat
Authors: Turner Keira , O'Connell Patrick Ronan , Jones James F. X.
Published: January 2019

Background

The rat has served usefully as a model for fecal incontinence and exploration of the mechanism of action of sacral neuromodulation (SNM). There remains a deficit in information regarding the location and type of spinal neurons which receive anorectal input and the effect of SNM on those neurons.

Methods

Single neuronal extracellular recordings of neurons receiving anorectal input were made at the S1 level of the spinal cord using sharp glass electrodes. SNM at S1 was delivered at 2 Hz for 3 minutes and its effect on discharge was quantified.

Key Results

In total, 31 units (n = 14 animals) receiving anorectal synaptic input were recorded at the first sacral (S1) segmental level in either lamina III or IV of the dorsal horn. The inputs were classified according to afferent fiber conduction speed (16 Aδ, 11 Aβ, and 4 C‐fiber). The baseline firing frequency (ie, the mean firing frequency before the application of SNM) was 0.48 Hz ± 0.49 (mean ± SD) and 58% of units responded to acute SNM with either an increase or decrease in mean firing frequency.

Conclusions & Inferences

In this study, the majority of spinal neurons receiving anorectal input changed their activity in response to SNM. These findings provide the basis for future studies which aim to explore the precise cellular mechanism of action of SNM on this fecal continence pathway.
Snow algae communities in Antarctica: metabolic and taxonomic composition
Authors: Davey Matthew P. , Norman Louisa , Sterk Peter , Huete‐Ortega Maria , Bunbury Freddy , Loh Bradford Kin Wai , Stockton Sian , Peck Lloyd S. , Convey Peter , Newsham Kevin K. , Smith Alison G.
Published: January 2019

Snow algae are found in snowfields across cold regions of the planet, forming highly visible red and green patches below and on the snow surface. In Antarctica, they contribute significantly to terrestrial net primary productivity due to the paucity of land plants, but our knowledge of these communities is limited. Here we provide the first description of the metabolic and species diversity of green and red snow algae communities from four locations in Ryder Bay (Adelaide Island, 68°S), Antarctic Peninsula.

During the 2015 austral summer season, we collected samples to measure the metabolic composition of snow algae communities and determined the species composition of these communities using metabarcoding.

Green communities were protein‐rich, had a high chlorophyll content and contained many metabolites associated with nitrogen and amino acid metabolism. Red communities had a higher carotenoid content and contained more metabolites associated with carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism. Chloromonas, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella were found in green blooms but only Chloromonas was detected in red blooms. Both communities also contained bacteria, protists and fungi.

These data show the complexity and variation within snow algae communities in Antarctica and provide initial insights into the contribution they make to ecosystem functioning.
The Effects of Discrete Work Shifts on a Nonterminating Service System
Authors: Batt Robert J. , KC Diwas S. , Staats Bradley R. , Patterson Brian W.
Published: January 2019

Hospital emergency departments (EDs) provide around‐the‐clock medical care, and as such are generally modeled as nonterminating queues. However, from the care provider's point of view, ED care is not a never‐ending process, but rather occurs in discrete work shifts and may require passing unfinished work to the next care provider at the end of the shift. We use data from a large, academic medical center ED to show that the patients’ rate of service completion varies over the course of the physician shift. Furthermore, patients that have experienced a physician handoff have a higher rate of service completion than nonhanded off patients. As a result, a patient's expected treatment time is impacted by when the physician's shift treatment begins. We also show that patients that have been handed off are more likely to revisit the ED within three days, suggesting that patient handoffs lower clinical quality. Lastly, we use simulation to show that shift length and new‐patient cutoff rules can be used to reduce handoffs, but at the expense of system throughput.
Sex differences in interleukin‐6 stress responses in people with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Panagi Laura , Poole Lydia , Hackett Ruth A. , Steptoe Andrew
Published: January 2019

People with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) show dysregulated inflammatory responses to acute stress, but the effect of sex on inflammatory responses in T2D remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in interleukin (IL)‐6 stress responses between older men and women with T2D. One hundred and twenty‐one people (76 men; mean age = 64.09, SD = 7.35, 45 women; mean age = 63.20, SD = 6.70) with doctor‐verified T2D took part in this laboratory‐based stress testing study. Participants carried out acute mental stress tasks, and blood was sampled at baseline, immediately poststress, 45 min poststress, and 75 min poststress to detect plasma IL‐6 concentrations. IL‐6 change scores were computed as the difference between the baseline measurement and the three time points poststress. Main effects and interactions were tested using mixed model analysis of covariance. We found a significant main effect of time on IL‐6 levels, and a significant Sex × Time interaction. In adjusted analyses including the three change scores and all the covariates, the significant Sex × Time interaction was maintained; IL‐6 responses were greater in women at 45 and 75 min poststress compared with men, adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, household income, glycated hemoglobin, oral antidiabetic medication, insulin/other injectable antidiabetic medication, depressive symptoms, and time of day of testing. Different inflammatory stress response pathways are present in men and women with T2D, with women producing larger IL‐6 increases. The long‐term implications of these differences need to be elucidated in future studies.
Evaluating Quality of Contraceptive Counseling: An Analysis of the Method Information Index
Authors: Chang Karen T. , Mukanu Mulenga , Bellows Ben , Hameed Waqas , Kalamar Amanda M. , Grépin Karen A. , Gul Xaher , Chakraborty Nirali M.
Published: January 2019

The Method Information Index (MII) is calculated from contraceptive users’ responses to questions regarding counseling content—whether they were informed about methods other than the one they received, told about method‐specific side effects, and advised what to do if they experienced side effects. The MII is increasingly reported in national surveys and used to track program performance, but little is known about its properties. Using additional questions, we assessed the consistency between responses and the method received in a prospective, multicountry study. We employed two definitions of consistency: (1) presence of any concordant response, and (2) absence of discordant responses. Consistency was high when asking whether users were informed about other methods and what to do about side effects. Responses were least consistent when asking whether side effects were mentioned. Adjusting for inconsistency, scores were up to 50 percent and 30 percent lower in Pakistan and Uganda, respectively, compared to unadjusted MII scores. Additional questions facilitated better understanding of counseling quality.
Aging‐related changes of cognitive performance and stress regulation in high functioning elderly individuals
Authors: Finkenzeller Thomas , Würth Sabine , Müller Erich , Amesberger Günter
Published: January 2019

This article aims to analyse long‐term changes in cognitive performance and psychophysiological stress regulation in a specific sample of 10 young‐old (age at pre‐test: M ± SD = 63.2 ± 1.5) and 12 old‐old (age at pre‐test: M ± SD = 69 ± 2) persons possessing a high psychosocial status and a physically active lifestyle. Psychophysiological parameters were recorded prior to, during, and after the administration of a cognitive performance test battery. The measurements took place three times within a 6‐month period, and again 6 years later in a follow‐up test. Considering practice and habituation effects, findings provide no compelling evidence of an aging‐associated cognitive decline in attention, multiple choice reaction performance, and information processing speed, either in the young‐olds, or in the old‐olds. Furthermore, psychophysiological stress regulation showed no long‐term alteration regarding skin conductance level and heart rate. Based on these findings, it is assumed that psychosocial health and physical activity might contribute to the preservation of cognitive abilities and stress regulation into the 70s. Finally, this study demonstrated the significance of considering practice and habituation effects elicited through test repetitions in order to estimate long‐term effects.
The role of arthroscopic capsulo-labral repair in unidirectional post-traumatic shoulder instability in adolescent athletes participating in overhead or contact sports
Authors: Rose Giacomo , Borroni Mario , Castagna Alessandro
Published: January 2019

Purpose: this study was performed to identify the role of arthroscopic capsulo-labral repair (ACR) in unidirectional post-traumatic shoulder instability in adolescent athletes participating in overhead or contact sports.

Methods: sixty-five adolescent patients (aged 13 to 18 years) with post-traumatic shoulder instability submitted to arthroscopic surgery were selected from our database. The mean follow-up duration was 63 months. Shoulder range of motion and functional outcomes were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), Rowe, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores. In addition, details in the database on the type of sport practiced, time until surgery, and number of dislocations were analyzed to look for possible correlations with the recurrence rate.

Results: at the final follow-up, the mean SANE score was 87.23% (range: 30% to 100%) (preoperative mean score: 46.15% [range, 20% to 50%]); the mean Rowe score was 85 (range: 30 to 100) (preoperative mean score: 35.9 [range: 30 to 50]); and the mean ASES score was 84.12 (range: 30 to 100) (preoperative mean score: 36.92 [range: 30 to 48]). Mean forward flexion and external rotation with the arm at 90° abduction did not show changes compared with preoperative values; 81.5% of the patients returned to their pre-injury level of sports activities, and the failure rate was 21.5%. The recurrence rate was not related to the postoperative scores (p = 0.556 for SANE, p = 0.753 for Rowe, and p = 0.478 for ASES), number of preoperative episodes of instability (p = 0.59), or time that elapsed between the first instability episode and the surgery (p = 0.43). A statistically significant association (p = 0.0021) was found between recurrence and the type of sport practiced.

Conclusions: ACR is a reasonable surgical option in an adolescent population participating in sports. It has a role in restoring shoulder stability with very low morbidity; however, the failure rate is higher than in the adult population and both the young patients and their relatives must be properly informed about the expected outcome of the procedure.

Level of Evidence: level IV, therapeutic case series.
Leukocyte-poor PRP application for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Filardo Giuseppe , Kon Elizaveta , Di Matteo Berardo , Di Marino Alessandro , Sessa Andrea , Merli Maria , Marcacci Maurilio ,   SIGASCOT CARTILAGE COMMITTEE
Published: January 2019

Purpose: the aim of this study was to describe the clinical results obtained after intra-articular injection of a leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparation for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: forty-five patients (mean age: 59 years, mean BMI: 27) were included and treated with a cycle of three weekly injections of autologous conditioned plasma. Six patients were affected by bilateral symptomatic OA, therefore 51 knees in total were treated. The patients were divided into two groups: those affected by early/moderate OA and those affected by severe OA. The patients were submitted to baseline evaluation and evaluation after a mean follow-up of 14.5 months (range: 6-24 months), performed using the following outcome measures: IKDC-subjective, EQ-VAS, Tegner, and KOOS scores. Adverse events and patient satisfaction were also recorded.

The results in the two groups of patients (“early/moderate” vs “severe OA”) were analyzed separately.

Results: the overall clinical outcome was positive and the treatment proved to be safe. In the “early/moderate OA” group, the IKDC-subjective score increased from 36.4 at the baseline evaluation to 57.3 at the follow-up (p<0.0005) and a similar trend was shown by the EQ-VAS, Tegner, and KOOS scores. Although an improvement was also recorded in the “severe OA” group, the clinical outcome of the patients in this group was significantly poorer and they reported less benefit. In the “early/moderate OA” group, BMI and longer symptom duration before treatment were found to be correlated with clinical outcome.

Conclusions: PRP injections are capable of reducing pain and improving knee functional status at shortterm follow-up. The patients with a lower degree of joint degeneration were the best responders, whereas in severe osteoarthritic knees this biological treatment, used as a “salvage procedure”, produced a less favorable
outcome.

Level of Evidence: level IV; therapeutic case series.
Cemented versus cementless fixation in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Matassi Fabrizio , Carulli Christian , Civinini Roberto , Innocenti Massimo
Published: January 2019

The question of whether to use cemented or cementless fixation for a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still debated. Discouraging preliminary results of cementless TKAs have determined the worldwide use of cemented implants. However, with the development of biotechnologies and new biomaterials with high osteoconductive properties, biological fixation is now becoming an attractive option for improving the longevity of TKAs, especially in young patients.

There is no evidence in the current literature to support the use of one method of fixation. The extensive clinical experience with cemented implants gathered over the years justifies their widespread use. New randomized clinical trials are necessary to compare cementless fixation based on the new ingrowth surfaces with standard cemented implants.
Bi-stable dynamics of a host-pathogen model
Authors: Anguelov Roumen , Bekker Rebecca , Dumont Yves
Published: January 2019

Crop host-pathogen interaction have been a main issue for decades, in particular for food security. In this paper, we focus on the modeling and long term behavior of soil-borne pathogens. We first develop a new compartmental temporal model, which exhibits bi-stable asymptotical dynamics. To investigate the long term behavior, we use LaSalle Invariance Principle to derive sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability of the pathogen free equilibrium and monotone dynamical systems theory to provide sufficient conditions for permanence of the system. Finally, we develop a partially degenerate reaction diffusion system, providing a numerical exploration based on the results obtained for the temporal system. We show that a traveling wave solution may exist where the speed of the wave follows a power law.
Functional model for analysis of ALD nucleation and quantification of area-selective deposition
Authors: Parsons Gregory N.
Published: January 2019

Bottom-up chemical patterning, to additively form material only in desired locations, is becoming important to address scaling issues in semiconductor device manufacturing, catalytic material design, and other fields utilizing nanometer- and sub-nanometer-scaled material features. In some semiconductor device fabrication steps, chemically driven patterning by area-selective deposition (ASD) is beginning to supplant physical patterning by photolithography. To advance the field of ASD, more understanding is needed regarding mechanisms of thin film nucleation, particularly when nucleation proceeds where thin film deposition is not desired. To better understand thin film nucleation, this work describes a relatively simple analytical model with three adjustable input parameters that quantifies film growth initiation, island growth, and thickness evolution during area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) and area-selective chemical vapor deposition. A definition is presented for chemical selectivity during film growth that depends on the extent of film coverage in the desired non-growth region. Fitting the model with experimental data gives quantitative output that allows the extent of selectivity to be compared for different ASD approaches studied in different labs, with data collected using a variety of analytical tools. Using several example published AS-ALD data sets, the article demonstrates how fitting the model to experimental data gives insight into different nucleation mechanisms for unwanted film growth during ASD. The author further describes how the model can be improved and expanded to encompass more complex film growth and nucleation mechanisms.
Putting the squeeze on ERK signaling
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: January 2019

Cell compaction induces epithelial cell elimination by reducing ERK activation.
In Vitro
Activity of Tedizolid against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ruiz Pilar , Causse Manuel , Vaquero Manuel , Casal Manuel
Published: January 2019

Tedizolid is a novel oxazolidinone with activities against Gram-positive microorganisms, including mycobacteria. We studied the
in vitro
activity of tedizolid against 120 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains, including susceptible, first-line-resistant, and multidrug-resistant isolates.
Efficacy of Intranasal Administration of the Recombinant Endolysin SAL200 in a Lethal Murine Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia Model
Authors: Bae Ji Yun , Jun Kang Il , Kang Chang Kyung , Song Kyoung-Ho , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Bang Ji-Hwan , Kim Eu Suk , Park Sang Won , Kim Hong Bin , Kim Nam-Joong , Park Wan Beom , Oh Myoung-don
Published: January 2019

SAL200 is derived from a phage endolysin and is a novel candidate drug for the treatment of
Staphylococcus aureus
infection. We investigated the efficacy of the recombinant endolysin SAL200 in a lethal murine pneumonia model.
The Novel β-Lactam Enhancer Zidebactam Augments the
In Vivo
Pharmacodynamic Activity of Cefepime in a Neutropenic Mouse Lung
Acinetobacter baumannii
Infection Model
Authors: Bhagwat S. S. , Periasamy H. , Takalkar S. S. , Palwe S. R. , Khande H. N. , Patel M. V.
Published: January 2019

WCK 5222 is a combination of cefepime and the high-affinity PBP2-binding β-lactam enhancer zidebactam. The cefepime-zidebactam combination is active against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenemase-expressing
Acinetobacter baumannii
.
Low Prevalence of Gram-Positive Isolates Showing Elevated Lefamulin MIC Results during the SENTRY Surveillance Program for 2015–2016 and Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms
Authors: Mendes Rodrigo E. , Paukner Susanne , Doyle Timothy B. , Gelone Steven P. , Flamm Robert K. , Sader Helio S.
Published: January 2019

This study investigated the molecular mechanisms possibly associated with non-wild-type MICs for lefamulin among staphylococci and streptococci included in the lefamulin surveillance program from 2015 to 2016. A total of 2,919
Staphylococcus aureus
, 276 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), 3,923
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, 389 β-hemolytic, and 178 viridans group streptococci isolates were included in the surveillance studies.
Antibacterial Activity of Lefamulin against Pathogens Most Commonly Causing Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2015–2016)
Authors: Paukner Susanne , Gelone Steven P. , Arends S. J. Ryan , Flamm Robert K. , Sader Helio S.
Published: January 2019

Lefamulin, the first semisynthetic pleuromutilin antibacterial for intravenous and oral treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), and comparators were evaluated for
in vitro
activity against a global collection of pathogens commonly causing CABP (
n
= 8595) from the 2015 and 2016 SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Lefamulin was highly active against the pathogens
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, including multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains (MIC
50/90
for total and resistant subsets, 0.06/0.12 μg/ml; 100% inhibited at ≤1 μg/ml),
Staphylococcus aureus
, including methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA; both MIC
50/90
, 0.06/0.12 μg/ml; 99.8% and 99.6% inhibited at ≤1 μg/ml, respectively),
Haemophilus influenzae
(MIC
50/90
, 0.5/1 μg/ml; 93.8% inhibited at ≤1 μg/ml), and
Moraxella catarrhalis
(MIC
50/90
, 0.06/0.12 μg/ml; 100% inhibited at ≤0.25 μg/ml), and its activity was unaffected by resistance to other antibacterial classes.
The Antistaphylococcal Lysin, CF-301, Activates Key Host Factors in Human Blood To Potentiate Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBacteriolysis
Authors: Indiani Chiara , Sauve Karen , Raz Assaf , Abdelhady Wessam , Xiong Yan Q. , Cassino Cara , Bayer Arnold S. , Schuch Raymond
Published: January 2019

Bacteriophage-derived lysins are cell-wall-hydrolytic enzymes that represent a potential new class of antibacterial therapeutics in development to address burgeoning antimicrobial resistance. CF-301, the lead compound in this class, is in clinical development as an adjunctive treatment to potentially improve clinical cure rates ofStaphylococcus aureusbacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE) when used in addition to antibiotics.
Efficacy of Human-Simulated Epithelial Lining Fluid Exposure of Meropenem-Nacubactam Combination against Class A Serine β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae
in the Neutropenic Murine Lung Infection Model
Authors: Asempa Tomefa E. , Motos Ana , Abdelraouf Kamilia , Bissantz Caterina , Zampaloni Claudia , Nicolau David P.
Published: January 2019

Nacubactam is a novel, broad-spectrum, β-lactamase inhibitor that is currently under development as combination therapy with meropenem. This study evaluated the efficacy of human-simulated epithelial lining fluid
(
ELF) exposures of meropenem, nacubactam, and the combination of meropenem and nacubactam against class A serine carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates in the neutropenic murine lung infection model.
CD4-Dependent Modulation of HIV-1 Entry by LY6E
Authors: Yu Jingyou , Liang Chen , Liu Shan-Lu
Published: January 2019

The role of IFN-induced genes (ISGs) in viral infection remains incompletely understood. While most ISGs are antiviral, some ISGs have been shown to promote viral infection, including HIV-1 infection. We previously showed that IFN-inducible LY6E protein promotes HIV-1 infection in human PMBCs and high-CD4-expressing SupT1 cells. Here we found that LY6E inhibits HIV-1 entry and replication in low-CD4-expressing MDMs and Jurkat cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that LY6E downregulates the cell surface receptor CD4, thus impairing the virus binding to target cells. This is in contrast to the situation of high-CD4-expressing cells, where LY6E predominantly promotes viral membrane fusion. The opposing role of IFN-inducible LY6E in modulating HIV-1 infection highlights the complex roles of ISGs in viral infection and viral pathogenesis.
Mechanism of Tetherin Inhibition of Alphavirus Release
Authors: Wan Judy J. , Ooi Yaw Shin , Kielian Margaret
Published: January 2019

The mechanisms of tetherin’s antiviral activities and viral tetherin antagonism have been studied in detail for a number of different viruses. Although viral countermeasures against tetherin can differ significantly, overall, tetherin’s antiviral activity correlates with physical tethering of virus particles to prevent their release. While tetherin can mediate virus endocytic uptake and clearance, this has not been observed to be required for restriction. Here we show that efficient tetherin inhibition of alphavirus release requires efficient tetherin endocytosis. Our data suggest that this endocytic uptake can be mediated by tetherin itself or by a tetherin cofactor that promotes uptake of an endocytosis-deficient variant of tetherin.
Near-Complete Genome Sequence of a Human Pegivirus Variant Isolated from a Hepatitis E Virus-Infected Patient
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Li Wang , Zhou Chenglin
Published: January 2019

Using viral metagenomics, we analyzed the virome of a blood sample from a hepatitis E patient. We identified viral sequences showing significant similarity to human pegivirus (HPgV), anellovirus, and hepatitis E virus.
Draft Genome Sequences for Dual-Toxin-Producing Clostridium botulinum Strains
Authors: Halpin Jessica L. , Dykes Janet K. , Lúquez Carolina
Published: January 2019

Here, we present draft genome sequences for three
Clostridium botulinum
strains that produce multiple botulinum toxin serotypes. Strains that produce two toxins are rare; however, one of these strains produces subtype B5 and F2 toxins, and two of the strains produce subtype A4 and B5 toxins.
Genome Sequence of the Oleaginous Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica H222
Authors: Devillers Hugo , Neuvéglise Cécile
Published: January 2019

Here, we report the genome sequence of the oleaginous yeast
Yarrowia lipolytica
H222.
De novo
genome assembly shows three main chromosomal rearrangements compared to that of strain E150/CLIB122.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DKC2, the Predominant Danish Outbreak Strain
Authors: Norman Anders , Folkvardsen Dorte Bek , Overballe-Petersen Søren , Lillebaek Troels
Published: January 2019

The largest clonal outbreak of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection in Scandinavia has been monitored by the International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology (IRLM) since 1992. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of
M. tuberculosis
strain DKC2 substrain PP1, a representative isolate collected in 1993 from a Danish patient with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Complete Genome Sequence and Methylome Analysis of Micrococcus luteus SA211, a Halophilic, Lithium-Tolerant Actinobacterium from Argentina
Authors: Martínez F. L. , Anton B. P. , DasSarma P. , Rajal V. , Irazusta V. , Roberts R. J. , DasSarma S.
Published: January 2019

Micrococcus luteus
has been found in a wide range of habitats. We report the complete genome sequence and methylome analysis of strain SA211 isolated from a hypersaline, lithium-rich, high-altitude salt flat in Argentina with single-molecule real-time sequencing.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Putative Phosphonate Producer
Streptomyces
sp. Strain I6, Isolated from Indonesian Mangrove Sediment
Authors: Krause Janina , Ratnakomala Shanti , Lisdiyanti Puspita , Ort-Winklbauer Regina , Wohlleben Wolfgang , Mast Yvonne
Published: January 2019

Streptomyces
sp. strain I6 is a novel strain isolated from an Indonesian mangrove sediment sample. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. I6 revealed 23 biosynthetic gene clusters.