bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Case Report of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Diagnosed After Transcervical Fibroid Ablation
Authors: Chronas Dimitrios , Jörg Inna , Bolten Kristina , Reich Laura , Toub David , Varga Zsuzsanna
Published: December 2024

Background: Uterine fibroids are benign monoclonal neoplasms of the myometrium, representing the most common female pelvic neoplasms globally. Treatments may be invasive, such as hysterectomy and myomectomy, non-invasive, such as medical therapy or focused ultrasound, or minimally invasive, such as transcervical radiofrequency ablation (TFA). To date, more than 12,000 women have been treated worldwide using TFA with the Sonata® System. Case Presentation: We present the first case report of TFA on a presumptive fibroid that was initially reclassified as a STUMP (smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential) and, after additional surgical treatment, leiomyosarcoma. Conclusion: This case highlights that, while uterine sarcoma is rare, inadvertent treatment may still result due to a lack of reliable diagnostic modalities. Nonetheless, TFA with the Sonata System represents a minimally invasive option that might not alter the prognosis of an undiagnosed uterine sarcoma as this treatment is not intraperitoneal and does not resect/morcellate tissue.
Nursing Interventions to Prevent Complications in Patients with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vilão Andreia , Castro Cidália , Fernandes Júlio Belo
Published: December 2024

Background: A Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) is a safe and effective Central Vascular Access Device when properly used. Therefore, it has become an increasingly frequent procedure. Nurses are often the professionals responsible for its insertion, maintenance, and removal. Despite the advantages of this device, it presents risks and possible associated complications. This scoping review aims to identify and analyze nursing interventions to prevent complications in adults with PICC. Methods: The review was conducted according to Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review proposal. The electronic databases Pubmed, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts, and MedicLatina were consulted in October 2023. Additionally, we searched the websites of the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario and the Canadian Vascular Access Association. We included articles published in English and Portuguese between 2018 and 2023. Results: A total of 170 articles were initially identified. After selecting and analyzing the articles, 13 studies were included. This review identified nursing interventions in adults to prevent PICC-related complications, categorized into five main groups: pre-procedure, during the procedure, post-procedure, maintenance, and team management interventions. Nurses are pivotal in averting PICC complications by employing evidence-based nursing interventions at each process stage. Conclusions: The importance of nursing interventions in enhancing patient safety, improving health outcomes, and informing clinical practice highlights the need for standardized protocols, specialized training, and consistent patient education for PICC care.
Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Bleeding While Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Differences Among Drugs—A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aoki Naoaki , Abe Koichiro , Tokutomi Haruka , Kajita Kohei , Sone Masayuki , Honda Taku , Aoyagi Hitoshi , Isono Akari , Konno Kumiko , Kozuma Ken , Arizumi Toshihiko , Asaoka Yoshinari , Kodashima Shinya , Yamamoto Takatsugu , Tanaka Atsushi
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are frequently used to prevent embolism in atrial fibrillation. Gastrointestinal bleeding is frequent, but its drug-specific characteristics remain unclear. This study examined the frequency and characteristics of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation for different DOACs. Methods: The present study included 978 patients receiving treatment with DOACs for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation between 2011 and 2018 and examined the frequencies of clinically significant events including major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, hemorrhagic events, or death during the first 5 years of prescription. Gastrointestinal bleeding was evaluated for the frequency, source and severity of gastrointestinal bleeding by DOAC type. Results: The median age of subjects was 73 years (interquartile range, 65–80 years), and 622 (64%) were male. The overall observation period was 2499 person-years. During this period, 102 (4.1/100 person-years) major cardiovascular events and 107 (4.3/100 person-years) clinically significant bleeding were reported, including 60 cases (2.4/100 person-years) of gastrointestinal bleeding and 37 cases (1.5/100 person-years) of all-cause mortality. Gastrointestinal bleeding accounted for more than half of all bleeding events among DOAC users, and bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract was more common than that from the upper gastrointestinal tract, particularly with dabigatran. No significant difference was seen in the rate of gastrointestinal bleeding by drug type. Peptic ulcer accounted for half of the events of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, all of which were severe. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal bleeding is frequent among patients taking DOACs, especially from the lower alimentary tract. The tendency was more pronounced with dabigatran. In the upper gastrointestinal tract, severe peptic ulcer bleeding is common and requires caution.
A Personalised Pacing and Active Rest Rehabilitation Programme for Post-Exertional Symptom Exacerbation and Health Status in Long COVID (PACELOC): A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Godfrey Belinda , Shardha Jenna , Witton Sharon , Bodey Rochelle , Tarrant Rachel , Greenwood Darren C. , Sivan Manoj
Published: December 2024

Background: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome or long COVID (LC) is a novel public health crisis and, when persistent (>2 years), is a long-term condition. Post-exertional symptom exacerbation (PESE) is a characteristic symptom of LC and can be improved in a structured pacing rehabilitation programme. Aims: To evaluate the effect of an 8-week structured World Health Organisation (WHO) Borg CR-10 pacing protocol on PESE episodes, LC symptoms, and quality of life in a cohort of individuals with long-term LC. Methods: Participants received weekly telephone calls with a clinician to discuss their activity phase, considering their PESE symptoms that week. They completed the Leeds PESE questionnaire (LPQ), C19-YRS (Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale), and EQ-5D-5L at the beginning of the programme (0 weeks), the end of programme (8 weeks), and at final follow-up (12 weeks). Results: Thirty-one participants (duration of LC symptoms: 29 months) completed the programme. The PESE episodes decreased in number each week (15% fewer each week, 95% CI: 11% to 20%, p < 0.001) and were of shorter duration and milder severity each week. The changes in C19YRS symptom severity and functional disability (0–12 weeks) were statistically significant but not clinically significant. The EQ5D-5L index score change was not statistically significant. Conclusions: A structured pacing protocol effectively reduced PESE episode frequency, duration, and severity but did not produce clinically significant changes in LC symptoms, reflecting the long-term nature of the condition in this cohort.
Repeatability and Validity of Different Methods to Determine the Anaerobic Threshold Through the Maximal Multistage Test in Male Cyclists and Triathletes
Authors: Llodio Iñaki , Yanci Javier , Usandizaga Mikel , Larrea Auritz , Iturricastillo Aitor , Cámara Jesús , Granados Cristina
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the repeatability and validity of different methods to determine the anaerobic threshold through a maximal multistage cycling test; Methods: In total, 17 male endurance-trained athletes [7 cyclists and 10 triathletes, age 33.2 ± 6.9 yr, workload at maximal lactate steady state (MLSSW) 268 ± 27 W] participated in the study. The participants performed a maximal multistage cycling test twice to analyze the repeatability of the anaerobic threshold (AT) using nine different methods. In the remaining sessions, several 20 min constant load tests were performed to determine MLSSW (gold standard); Results: The workload corresponding to 73% of the maximal power (AT73Pmax) showed the best repeatability followed by the Dmax method calculated from the blood lactate concentration ([La−]) associated with the Minimum Lactate Equivalent and final [La−] (DmaxLE). Validity analyses showed that all AT determined in the present study were strong predictors of MLSSW, however, AT73Pmax and the workloads at 1.5 mmol·L−1 above the first lactate threshold significantly underestimated MLSSW. The use of correction equations for these variables lowered their absolute mean bias to <5 W. DmaxLE and workload associated with the 86% of the maximal heart rate showed the narrowest limits of agreement to estimate MLSSW closely followed by corrected AT73Pmax; Conclusions: AT73Pmax, using the correction equation and DmaxLE, stand out as powerful predictors of MLSSW among the variables analyzed in the present study in trained cyclists or triathletes. Sports physiologists and coaches can use corrected AT73Pmax and DmaxLE to accurately assess athletes’ endurance capacity and prescribe their training.
Are “Extracurricular” Activities Really Extracurricular? The Activities That Matter Least in School Are the Ones That Best Teach Real-World Critical and Creative Thinking
Authors: Sternberg Robert J. , Lin Sherry , Nguyen Eric C. K.
Published: December 2024

Curricula in school often do not prepare students adequately for the kinds of critical and creative thinking that they will need in their careers and lives. Part of the problem is that the characteristics of real-world problems differ greatly from the characteristics of many curricular activities, and so what the students learn in school about critical and creative thinking may fail when generalized to everyday problems. We suggest that extracurricular activities, such as in aspects of musical and athletic training, often prepare students better for real-world challenges. We describe the kinds of methods that can be used in curricular instruction to better prepare students for the challenges of the everyday world.
Impact of Coastal Squeeze Induced by Erosion and Land Reclamation on Salt Marsh Wetlands
Authors: Zhang Guangzhi , Gu Jiali , Hu Hao , Sun Maoming , Shao Jie , Dong Weiliang , Liang Liang , Zeng Jian
Published: December 2024

Salt marshes are declining due to the dual pressures of coastal erosion and land reclamation. However, there remains a lack of quantitative analysis regarding this reduction process and its driving mechanisms. This study examines the dynamics and influencing factors of salt marsh vegetation along the eroding coastline of Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province, China, between 1985 and 2020, using remote sensing to analyze changes in artificial coastlines, water boundaries, vegetation front edge, and its topography. Our results showed an extensive seaward movement of artificial coastlines due to reclamation, coupled with severe reductions in salt marsh area and width. Coastal erosion further caused a 10.5% decline in vegetation elevation and a 46.7% increase in slope steepness, amplifying vulnerability to wave action. Native species were largely replaced by Spartina alterniflora, reducing ecological diversity. Currently, human pressure on the landward side has been alleviated; thus, addressing coastal erosion is vital to preventing the further loss of salt marshes. Sediment retention engineering and native vegetation restoration efforts can gradually facilitate the recovery of salt marshes. This study provided critical insights for sustainable coastal management under bidirectional pressures.
Simulation of the Long-Term Toxicity Towards Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) by the Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Iovine Nadia , Toropova Alla P. , Toropov Andrey A. , Roncaglioni Alessandra , Benfenati Emilio
Published: December 2024

In this study, models for NOEL (No Observed Effect Level) and NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) related to long-term/reproduction toxicity of various organic pesticides are built up, evaluated, and compared with similar models proposed in the literature. The data have been obtained from the EFSA OpenFoodTox database, collecting only data for the Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Models have been developed using the CORAL-2023 program, which can be used to develop quantitative structure–property/activity relationships (QSPRs/QSARs) and the Monte Carlo method for the optimization of the model. The software provided a model which may be considered useful for the practice. The determination coefficient of the best models for the external validation set was 0.665.
Habitat Distributions and Abundance of Four Wild Herbivores on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau: A Review
Authors: Qiao Tian , Xiao Chiwei , Feng Zhiming , Ye Junzhi
Published: December 2024

Understanding the change in the habitat distributions and abundance of wildlife in space and time is critical for the conservation of biodiversity and mitigate human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs). Tibetan antelope or chiru (Pantholops hodgsonii), Tibetan gazelle or goa (Procapra picticaudata), Tibetan wild ass or kiang (Equus kiang), and Wild yak (Bos mutus) have been sympatric on the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau (QTP) for numerous generations. However, reviews on the habitat distributions and abundance of these four wild herbivores (WHs), as well as the methods examining the changes in these aspects, are still lacking. Here, we firstly review the distributions and abundance of four major WHs on the QTP across different periods, examining the underlying causes of changes and HWCs. Furthermore, we critically compare three aspects of methods: transect surveys, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) methods of studying WHs. The results show that since the 1990s, the distributions and abundance of WHs have exhibited a trend of initial decline followed by recovery, largely attributed to global climate warming and a decrease in illegal hunting. However, in recent years, the primary challenge has shifted from wildlife protection to balancing the human and wildlife interests within the constraints of limited resources. In the future, we should focus on enhancing the ecological functions of habitats to achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, as well as establishing a scientific compensation mechanism to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts. In order to accurately calculate the changes, we should select appropriate models to analyze the habitats of wildlife based on their specific characteristics and the environmental conditions. Additionally, with the advancement of large models, AI (artificial intelligence) should be utilized for precise and rapid wildlife conservation. The findings of this study also provide guidance and reference for addressing the issues related to wildlife habitats and abundance in other regions globally.
Long-Term Assessment of Soil Salinization Patterns in the Yellow River Delta Using Landsat Imagery from 2003 to 2021
Authors: Fu Yu , Wang Pengyu , Cao Wengeng , Fu Shiqian , Zhang Juanjuan , Li Xiangzhi , Guo Jiju , Huang Zhiquan , Chen Xidong
Published: December 2024

The Yellow River Delta (YRD), as a key area for the economic development of the Bohai Rim region, significantly impacts soil fertility and plant growth through soil salinization content. Accurately determining the spatial distribution of soil salinization in the YRD is vital for regional salinity management and agricultural development. In this study, we constructed and evaluated three soil salinization indices—NDSI, SI, and S5—using measured soil conductivity data and three machine learning methods: Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and XGBoost. The results indicate that the Support Vector Machine achieved the best inversion effect on regional salinization levels, with an Area Under Curve (AUC) value of 0.88. The salinization level in the YRD has shown an increasing trend over the years, decreasing spatially from north to south, from east to west, and from the coast inland. From 2003 to 2009, salinization was primarily concentrated in northern and eastern coastal areas, while from 2009 to 2021, it gradually expanded inland. The salinized area increased from 538.4 km2 in 2003 to 761.5 km2 in 2021, particularly between 2009 and 2015, with a 47.95% increase. The main factors influencing salinization in the YRD were distance from the Bohai Sea, seasonal average potential evapotranspiration, and seasonal average normalized vegetation index, with interaction-driven effects being stronger than single-factor effects. This study provides crucial scientific support for sustainable salinization management and ecological restoration in the Bohai Sea region.
Scenario Simulation of Ecosystem Services Based on Land Use/Land Cover Change in the Bailong River Basin, in China
Authors: Li Shuangying , Zhou Yanyan , Yue Dongxia , Guo Zhongling , Li Zhi
Published: December 2024

Land use/land cover changes (LUCCs) significantly reshape ecosystem services (ESs) within the framework of climate change. Studying LUCC and its impact on ESs is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of human activities on ecosystems. The InVEST model coupled with the predicted land use data were used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of four ESs (soil conservation (SC), water yield (WY), carbon storage (CS), and habitat quality (HQ)) under three scenarios from 2040 to 2100 and quantified trade-offs/synergies and bundles of these ESs within the Bailong River Basin (BRB). The results indicated that (1) under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, there is an anticipated increase in forestland, a concurrent decrease in grassland, farmland, and built-up land, and an enhancement in four ESs from 2040 to 2100. The forestland and farmland in the SSP2-4.5 scenario showed a gradual decrease, with an expansion of grassland and built-up land. Except for HQ, the other three ESs were reduced. Both forestland and grassland decreased. Built-up land and farmland increased, and ESs decreased significantly under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. (2) Synergistic effects were identified among the ESs, with the most pronounced synergy observed between CS and HQ. Spatially, six pairs of ESs under the SSP1-2.6 scenario showed synergistic effects. Under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, most of the ESs present trade-off effects. (3) The characterization of ES bundles revealed that the balanced enhancement of the four ESs predominantly occurred in the southern region of the basin. Among the scenarios, SSP1-2.6 had the highest representation, followed by the SSP2-4.5, while the SSP5-8.5 had the lowest proportion. The findings facilitate the sustainable and balanced development of diverse ESs and offer theoretical and technical insights for devising spatial regulation policies and ecosystem-based management strategies.
The Effects of Low-Impact Development Best Management Practices on Reducing Stormwater Caused by Land Use Changes in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Tehran City, Iran
Authors: Rostamzadeh Sajedeh , Malekmohammadi Bahram , Mashhadimohammadzadehvazifeh Fatemeh , Arsanjani Jamal Jokar
Published: December 2024

Urbanization growth and climate change have increased the frequency and severity of floods in urban areas. One of the effective methods for reducing stormwater volume and managing urban floods is the low-impact development best management practice (LID-BMP). This study aims to mitigate flood volume and peak discharge caused by land use changes in the Darabad basin located in Tehran, Iran, using LID-BMPs. For this purpose, land use maps were extracted for a period of 23 years from 2000 to 2022 using Landsat satellite images. Then, by using a combination of geographic information system-based multi-criteria decision analysis (GIS-MCDA) method and spatial criteria, four types of LID-BMPs, including bioretention basin, green roof, grass swale, and porous pavement, were located in the study area. Next, rainfall–runoff modeling was applied to calculate the changes in the mentioned criteria due to land use changes and the application of LID-BMPs in the area using soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) method. The simulation results showed that the rise in built-up land use from 43.49 to 56.51 percent between the period has increased the flood volume and peak discharge of 25-year return period by approximately 60 percent. The simulation results also indicated that the combined use of the four selected types of LID-BMPs will lead to a greater decrease in stormwater volume and peak discharge. According to the results, LID-BMPs perform better in shorter return periods in a way that the average percentage of flood volume and peak discharge reduction in a 2-year return period were 36.75 and 34.96 percent, while they were 31.37 and 26.5 percent in a 100-year return period.
Spatial Heterogeneity of Planning Influencing Factors on Residents’ SWB in Historic Conservation Area of China: Three Cases from Yangzhou
Authors: Chen Yue , Shen Yiting , Wang Can
Published: December 2024

Cultural heritage conservation planning in China advocates for differentiated planning measures tailored to different heritage elements with diverse values, functions, and locations. However, limited research has focused on the spatial heterogeneity of these multi-dimensional planning measures and the subjective well-being (SWB) of residents within these protected historic districts. This study investigates the spatial differentiation pattern and mechanism of residents’ SWB in three Historic Conservation Areas of Yangzhou, China, by employing a combination of spatial data digitization and data spatialization methods. The findings reveal: (1) All three cases demonstrate notable spatial differentiation in terms of residents’ SWB; (2) A common feature across the three cases is that strengthening community participation, tourism traffic control, and housing improvement projects can significantly improve residents’ SWB. But proximity to historic buildings has little explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of residents’ SWB; (3) Planning factors of traffic accessibility, public facility accessibility, park service areas, and NIMBY areas of public toilets, have significant spatial heterogeneous effects on residents’ SWB across the three cases, which are closely correlated to the varying degrees of tourism development within each district. The findings of this study provide targeted planning strategies for historic districts with different functional orientations and heritage conservation duties, aimed at more effectively enhancing the well-being of heritage site residents by utilizing limited public resources.
The Impact of Protective Policies on Farmers’ Black Soil Conservation Behaviors: Empirical Insights from Sanjiang Plain, China
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Liu Linghui , Huang Shanlin , Jiang Wanting
Published: December 2024

Understanding the logic of farmers’ black soil conservation behaviors and promoting these actions are crucial measures for enhancing soil quality and ensuring national food security. This article uses survey data from 676 farmers in typical black soil areas of the Sanjiang Plain, China, employing binary logistic regression and mediation effect models to empirically examine the impact of protective policies on farmers’ black soil conservation behaviors and the mediating effect of their perceptions. The results indicate: (1) Protective policies have a significant positive effect on farmers’ black soil conservation behaviors. (2) Farmers’ perception of black soil conservation plays a crucial mediating role in the impact of policy guidance on conservation behaviors. Protective policy not only directly influences farmers’ behaviors but also indirectly promotes conservation actions by shaping farmers’ sense of responsibility and awareness of obligations. (3) There are variations in the mediating effects of farmers’ cognition based on different types of cultivated land and operational scales. Therefore, efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion and implementation of black soil protection policies and subsidies to enhance the sustainability and effectiveness of conservation practices. Greater emphasis should be placed on policy advocacy to raise farmers’ sense of responsibility and awareness of the importance of black soil conservation. Additionally, the diverse needs of different types of farming households should be considered, and a range of measures should be implemented to encourage active participation in black soil conservation.
Source and Ecological Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Urban Riverine Sediments Using Multivariate Analytical and Statistical Tools
Authors: Zheng Xiaojun , Rehman Abdul , Zhong Shan , Faisal Shah , Hussain Muhammad Mahroz , Fatima Syeda Urooj , Du Daolin
Published: December 2024

Multivariate and statistical tool advancements help to assess potential pollution threats, their geochemical distribution, and the competition between natural and anthropogenic influences, particularly on sediment contamination with potentially toxic metals (PTMs). For this, riverine sediments from 25 locations along urban banksides of the River Ravi, Pakistan, were collected and analyzed to explore the distribution, pollution, ecological, and toxicity risk indices of PTMs like Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, V, and Zn using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique. Additionally, techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were employed to investigate the mineralogical and morphological aspects. The results indicated that mean concentrations (mg kg−1) of Cd (2.37), Cr (128), Hg (16.6), Pb (26.6), and Sb (2.44) were significantly higher than reference values given for upper continental crust (UCC) and world soil average (WSA), posing potential threats. Furthermore, the geochemical pollution indices showed that sediments were moderately polluted with Cd (Igeo = 2.37, EF = 12.1, and CF = 7.89) and extremely polluted with Hg (Igeo = 4.54, EF = 63.2, and CF = 41.41). Ecological and toxicity risks were calculated to be extremely high, using respective models, predominantly due to Hg (Eri = 1656 and ITRI = 91.6). SEM-EDS illustrated the small extent of anthropogenic particles having predominant concentrations of Zn, Fe, Pb, and Sr. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed significant associations between the concentrations of PTMs and the sampling locations, highlighting the anthropogenic contributions linked to local land-use characteristics. The present study concludes that River Ravi sediments exhibit moderate levels of Cd and extreme pollution by Hg, both of which contribute highly to extreme ecological and toxicity risks, influenced by both natural and anthropogenic contributions.
Brain Bioelectric Responses to Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Training in Indian and Russian University Students Studying in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Demin Denis , Poskotinova Liliya
Published: December 2024

Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV BF) training aids adaptation to new climatic, geographical, and social environments. Neurophysiological changes during the HRV BF in individuals from tropical regions studying in the Arctic are not well understood. The aim of this study was to research electroencephalographic (EEG) changes during a single short-term HRV BF session in Indian and Russian students studying in the Russian Arctic. The Indian (n = 40) and Russian (n = 40) healthy students (age 19–21 years) at a medical university in Arkhangelsk (64°33′ N 40°32′ E) were studied. HRV and EEG parameters were measured at baseline (5 min) and during a short-term HRV BF session (5 min) to increase the total power (TP, ms2) of the HRV spectrum. The baseline heart rate and stress index levels were significantly higher in the Indian students. During the HRV BF sessions, the sympathetic activity decreased more significantly in Russian students, while the alpha EEG activity significantly increased across all brain regions in both groups. In Indian students, there was a notable increase in theta and beta1 EEG spectral power in the frontal, central, and temporal regions. HRV BF training in Indian students was associated with a more pronounced activation of brain systems compared with Russian students.
Calcium Chloride vs. Mechanical Preparation of Fibrinogen-Depleted Human Platelet Lysate: Implications for Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture
Authors: Lim Yen Theng , Barathan Muttiah , Tan Yu Ling , Lee Yi Ting , Law Jia Xian
Published: December 2024

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) has long been the standard supplement in cell culture media, providing essential growth factors and proteins that support cell growth and differentiation. However, ethical concerns and rising costs associated with FBS have driven researchers to explore alternatives, particularly human platelet lysate (HPL). Among these alternatives, fibrinogen-depleted HPL (FD-HPL) has gained attention due to its reduced thrombogenicity, which minimizes the risk of clot formation in cell cultures and enhances the safety of therapeutic applications. This study investigates two preparation methods for FD-HPL from human platelet concentrates: the calcium chloride method and a mechanical approach. The concentrations of critical growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), were evaluated for both methods. Additionally, the impact of FD-HPL on the proliferation and morphology of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) was assessed. The findings revealed that the calcium chloride method produced significantly higher concentrations of all measured growth factors compared to the mechanical method. Moreover, UC-MSCs cultured in calcium chloride-prepared FD-HPL exhibited enhanced cellular characteristics, including increased cell size, elongation, and improved overall morphology compared to those cultured in mechanically processed FD-HPL. These results indicate that the preparation method significantly influences the biological properties of HPL and the effectiveness of UC-MSC culture. The calcium chloride method emerges as a superior technique for producing FD-HPL, offering a promising alternative to FBS in regenerative medicine applications. This study underscores the importance of preparation methods in optimizing HPL for cell culture and therapeutic uses.
Associations of Serum Cystatin C, DNAm Cystatin C, Renal Function, and Mortality in U.S. Adults
Authors: Fang Yu-Wei , Huang Wei-Chung , Wang Chikang , Lin Chien-Yu
Published: December 2024

Serum cystatin C is a well-established marker of renal function and a valuable predictor of health risks and mortality. DNA methylation-predicted cystatin C (DNAmCystatinC), an advanced epigenetic biomarker, serves as a proxy for serum cystatin C levels. However, the relationships between serum cystatin C, DNAmCystatinC, renal function, and mortality outcomes have not been previously examined. This study aimed to examine the associations between serum cystatin C, DNAmCystatinC, renal function, and their joint and independent relationships with mortality in U.S. adults. We analyzed data from 1642 participants aged 50 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002, linked to mortality information from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), with follow-up through 2019. Our analysis demonstrated a positive association between ln-DNAmCystatinC and ln-serum cystatin C (Adjusted β (SE) = 0.773 (0.267), p = 0.007), while ln-DNAmCystatinC was negatively correlated with ln-Estimated glomerular filtration rate, calculated using both creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys) (Adjusted β (SE) = −1.123 (0.449), p = 0.018). In a weighted Cox regression model, a one-unit increase in ln-serum cystatin C was linked to an increased hazard ratio (HR) of 2.87 (95% CI: 1.938–4.26, p < 0.001) for all-cause mortality and 3.04 (95% CI: 1.34–6.88, p = 0.010) for cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, a one-unit increase in ln-DNAmCystatinC was associated with an HR of 135.86 (95% CI: 5.51–3349.69, p = 0.004) for all-cause mortality. This association was particularly pronounced in participants without chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a p-value for the interaction between DNAmCystatinC and CKD on all-cause mortality of 0.002. Furthermore, individuals with serum cystatin C and DNAmCystatinC levels above the 50th percentile showed the highest all-cause mortality risk when compared to other subgroups. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that DNAmCystatinC is a stronger predictor of all-cause mortality than serum cystatin C, with potential additive effects when both biomarkers are considered together. These results suggest their utility as valuable clinical indicators for risk stratification and early intervention. Future research should validate these findings and further explore the clinical and public health implications of epigenetic biomarkers.
Genotypes of Sechium spp. as a Source of Natural Products with Biological Activity
Authors: Cadena-Iñiguez Jorge , Arévalo-Galarza Ma. de Lourdes , Santiago-Osorio Edelmiro , Aguiñiga-Sánchez Itzen , Cadena-Zamudio Jorge David , Soto-Hernández Marcos , Ramírez-Rodas Yeimy C. , Ruiz-Posadas Lucero del Mar , Salazar-Aguilar Sandra , Cisneros-Solano Víctor Manuel
Published: December 2024

The genus Sechium P. Br. (Cucurbitaceae) includes ten species, two of which are edible. The inedible genotypes are in a fragile ecological niche, since they are not used by rural inhabitants. A rescue and genetic crossing program was designed to identify uses that favor their conservation due to their content of bioactive secondary metabolites (Sm) for health. Fruits of S. compositum (wild type), hybrid H-D Victor (inedible), and S. edule var. nigrum spinosum (edible) were evaluated by extraction methods such as juice and oven drying to determine the yields of Sm, with in vivo evaluations of liver damage. The dried biomass (40 °C) extracted with ethanolic and methanolic procedures showed lower Sm content than the juice (fresh biomass). More than 90% of phenolic acids and cucurbitacins in the extracts were degraded, possibly due to the drying time (oven). Biological activity showed that nigrum spinosum and HD-Victor have fewer toxic metabolites than S. compositum. The hybrid H-D Victor is of reduced cytotoxicity, showing the advantages of hybridization with wild types. Phytochemical and biological activity characterization may contribute to the conservation of genotypes and become a source of bioactive natural products.
Correlation Between Spinopelvic Parameters, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Authors: Butzen Daphne , Smolders Yannick , Stroobants Tom , Verleye Gino , Thijs Dieter , Van de Kelft Erik Van de
Published: December 2024

Study Design: This is an observational study. Objectives: In general practice, it is noted that some people can deal more easily with a prominent belly than others. Recent use of spinopelvic parameters in the analysis of the spine might explain this observation. This study aimed to determine the correlation between pelvic incidence (PI), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. We hypothesized that people with a low PI (non-pronounced lumbar lordosis) have significantly lower WC values than those with a high PI (pronounced lumbar lordosis). Methods: Adult patients presenting to the outpatient neurosurgery clinic with non-specific chronic low back pain who had undergone full spine radiography were included. The PI, BMI, and WC were measured in all cases. Results: We included 272 patients (male–female ratio, 1.08) with a mean age of 54 years. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the mean PI according to BMI group. The mean PI in our population was 57.8° (range 28.4–97.2°, SD 12.1°). A significant correlation coefficient of 0.271 (p < 0.001; 95%CI 0.157–0.377) was found between BMI and PI and 0.410 (p-value < 0.001; 95%CI 0.262–0.539). Conclusions: We found a significant correlation between PI, BMI, and WC. This finding is the first step in confirming our hypothesis that a patient with a high PI might be able to tolerate being overweight and a high WC better than patients with a low PI, possibly because of their ability to retrovert the pelvis to a greater extent. Further research is warranted to investigate whether people with a high pelvic PI can better cope with obesity, especially those with a higher waist circumference and abdominal weight.
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation for Primary or Salvage Prostate Cancer Therapy: Initial Outcomes in the Veteran Healthcare Setting
Authors: Patel Sagar , Antar Ali , Alrabaa Aly , Saffati Gal , Fleming Broderick , Srikishen Neel , Slawin Jeremy , Taylor Jennifer , Jones Jeffrey
Published: December 2024

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) provides comparable oncologic, erectile, and urinary outcomes to standard-of-care options for localized prostate cancer. This study reports the largest United States series of HIFU in veterans for both primary and salvage therapies. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 43 veterans treated at the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center from 2018 to 2022. Primary endpoints included prostate-specific antigen (PSA) reduction and local recurrence rates. Secondary endpoints included 30-day complications, Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), and American Urological Association Symptom Score (AUASS). In our study, 31 veterans (72.1%) received primary treatment and 12 (27.9%) received salvage therapy, with a median follow-up of 23 and 25 months, respectively. Median PSA nadir was 0.16 for primary and 0.12 for salvage groups, with PSA reduction stable over 30 months. Local recurrence occurred in 16.1% of primary and 16.6% of salvage patients. SHIM scores and AUASS were not statistically different before and after HIFU therapy. Short- and intermediate-term results suggest HIFU is a safe and effective treatment option with excellent potency and preserved urinary function, as well as adequate oncological control for primary and salvage therapies for localized prostate cancer in veterans.
Multidisciplinary Vulvar Cancer Management: The Dermatologist’s Perspective
Authors: Cebolla-Verdugo Marta , Cassini-Gómez de Cádiz Victor Alfredo , Velasco-Amador Juan Pablo , Zulaika-Lloret María , Almazán-Fernández Francisco Manuel , Ruiz-Villaverde Ricardo
Published: December 2024

Vulvar cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its complex presentation and high rates of postoperative complications. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating the expertise of gynecologic oncologists, dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and other specialists. This review highlights the dermatologist’s role in supporting early diagnosis, addressing predisposing conditions such as lichen sclerosus, and managing postoperative wound complications, including surgical site infections and dehiscence. Through two clinical cases, we illustrate how dermatological expertise complements surgical efforts by employing advanced wound care techniques such as negative pressure wound therapy and tailored dressing protocols. By collaborating closely with gynecologists and other team members, dermatologists enhance patient outcomes, ensuring timely recovery and the prevention of long-term sequelae. The article also discusses recent advances in treatment guidelines and targeted therapies, underscoring the importance of integrated care for optimizing patient outcomes in vulvar cancer.
Investigation of Anti-Friction Properties of MoS2 and SiO2 Nanolubricants Based on the Friction Pairs of Inconel 718 Superalloy and YG6 Carbide
Authors: Ma Lijie , Li Fengnan , Ba Shijie , Ma Zunyan , Mao Xinhui , Feng Qigao , Yang Kang
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the anti-friction property of common mineral oil and develop a high-performance lubricant, MoS2 and SiO2 nano-additives were individually dispersed into the 350SN mineral oil at various weight percentages to prepare nanolubricants. Then, the viscosity, wettability, and tribological properties of the nanolubricants were measured and analyzed with a rotary viscometer, a contact angle measuring instrument, and a friction tester. Finally, the action mechanism of two nano-additives was explained based on the energy spectrum test results of the abrasion surface. The results show that MoS2 and SiO2 nano-additives could improve the viscosity of the base fluid and change its wettability, giving nanolubricants better anti-friction performance than the base fluid. Due to the difference in physical properties, SiO2 and MoS2 nanolubricants presented different friction reduction rules with the increase in nano-additive percentage. Under experimental conditions, SiO2 nanolubricants showed better anti-friction effects than MoS2 nanolubricants. When the SiO2 percentage was 10 wt% and 15 wt%, the maximum friction coefficient was reduced to 0.06, which was about 1/3 of that with the base fluid. In this case, the abrasion surface quality was significantly improved, and the abrasion trace size was about half that of the base fluid. The energy spectrum test results show that the action mechanism of the MoS2 nano-additive is the adsorption film effect and mending effect of nanoparticles, while the main action mechanism of the SiO2 nano-additive should be the polishing effect and rolling effect of nanoparticles.
Development of Composite Semiconductor Films Based on Organotin Complexes Doped with Cobalt Porphine for Applications in Organic Diodes
Authors: Sánchez Vergara María Elena , Rocha Flores José Miguel , Cantera-Cantera Luis Alberto , Ballinas-Indilí Ricardo , Flores Huerta Alejandro , Álvarez-Toledano Cecilio
Published: December 2024

In this work, we present the green synthesis of complex A–E derived from β-hidroxymethylidene indanones by ultrasound, which allowed for the obtaining of compounds in a shorter time and with good yields. These organotin complexes were then doped with cobalt porphine and incorporated into a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) matrix to manufacture composite semiconductor films. The semiconductor films were characterized through atomic force microscopy, examining their topography, Knoop hardness (around 17 HK), and tensile strength, which varied from 5 × 10−4 to 7 × 10−2 Pa. The optical behavior was evaluated, revealing that the changes in these characteristics are related to the type of organotin complex present in the composite film: the transmittance ranged from 77% to 86%, while the reflectance varied from 13% to 17%. The band gap, calculated using the Kubelka–Munk function F(KM), was approximately 3.7 ± 0.19 eV for all the semiconductor films. Finally, we assessed the electrical behavior of the composite films through current–voltage (I–V) measurements under different lighting conditions. The I–V curves demonstrated that they share a saturation current density of 3.46 mA/mm2. However, they differ in their conduction rates within the ohmic regimen. These composite films’ optical and electrical properties suggest their potential use in developing electronic devices like organic diodes.
Degradation Behavior of Coated Metallic Stents: Influence of In Vitro Fluid-Dynamic Biostability Testing Conditions
Authors: Saqib Muhammad , Beshchasna Natalia , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Opitz Joerg
Published: December 2024

Coated metallic stents are the next generation of metallic stents with improved surface properties. To evaluate the degradation behavior of stents in vitro, different in vitro degradation models can be applied: (i) static immersion test: degradation under static fluid condition, (ii) fluid dynamic test: degradation under flowing fluid, and (iii) electrochemical corrosion test: degradation under the influence of electric potential. During these experimental procedures, stents interact with the simulated blood plasma, and degradation products are formed in the form of depositions on the stent surface, likewise in vivo experiments. These deposited crystals act as a hindrance to the application of important characterization techniques (e.g., mass loss measurement for the calculation of corrosion rate and examining the adhesion of the coating to metallic stents after fluid dynamic exposure). Therefore, to better characterize the coatings, the removal of these depositions is significant. In this work, we investigate the influence of in vitro test conditions in fluid dynamic biostability tests on the biostability of titanium oxynitride (TiOXNY) coated stainless steel stents by adapting various fluid dynamic experimental parameters. The experimental conditions are based on modification in the components of fluid dynamic setup (e.g., tubings), simulated body fluid (SBF), with and without Ca++ and Mg++ ions, and the cleaning procedure (use of water, acetone, and isopropanol). Four different experiments were conducted under various experimental parameter sets. SEM and EDX measurements were used for the identification of degradation products after each experiment. This study highlights the importance of optimized experimental conditions showing negligible depositions when utilizing Puriflex tubing or a comparable artificial vessel, SBF devoid of Ca++ and Mg++ ions, and performing sample cleaning with distilled water in an ultrasonic bath. The presented conditions were optimized for titanium oxynitride coated samples. A similar approach could be applied to other samples with or without some small variation.
Influence of Different Spot Pattern Lasers on Cleaning Effect of TC4 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Ma Xinqiang , Liu Tengchao , Ren Yuan , Zhang Yanlu , Xu Zifa , Cheng Wei , Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhu Yongmei , Zhang Qinhe
Published: December 2024

This study employed different spot pattern lasers to clean the oxide film on the surface of a TC4 titanium alloy. The variation in temperature field and ablation depth during the laser cleaning process was simulated by establishing a finite element model. The effects of various laser processing parameters on the micromorphology, elemental composition, and surface roughness of the TC4 titanium alloy were analyzed. The results show that as the laser energy density increases, both the temperature field and ablation depth increase as well. Under optimal laser processing parameters, the laser energy density is 5.27 J/cm2, with a repetition frequency of 300 kHz and a scanning speed of 6000 mm/s. A comparison of the cleaning effects of Gaussian pulse lasers and Flat-top pulse lasers reveals that the Gaussian pulse laser causes less damage to the TC4 titanium alloy, resulting in lower oxygen content and roughness values after cleaning compared to Flat-top pulse laser cleaning.