bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sagittal imbalance syndrome, a new concept, helps determining a long fusion for patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and severe global sagittal imbalance
Authors: Lu Shibao , Zhu Weiguo , Wang Yu , Kong Chao , Wang Wei , Chen Xiaolong , Li Xiangyu
Published: February 2024

Objective

To retrospectively investigate the postoperative clinical and radiographic outcomes in elderly patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) and severe global sagittal imbalance who underwent different fusion levels.

Methods

A total of 214 patients with DLSS and severe global sagittal imbalance were included. Sagittal imbalance syndrome was defined as the severe decompensated radiographic global sagittal imbalance accompanied with the following symptoms: severe back pain in naturel posture that disappears or significantly relieves in support position, living disability with ODI score > 40% and dynamic sagittal imbalance. Thereinto, 54 patients were found with sagittal imbalance syndrome and were performed the lumbar decompression with a long thoracolumbar fusion (Group A) or a short lumbar fusion (Group B). Thirty patients without sagittal imbalance syndrome who underwent short lumbar decompression and fusion were selected as the control (Group C).

Results

Patients with sagittal imbalance syndrome were detected to have more paraspinal muscle degeneration and less compensatory potentials for sagittal imbalance (smaller thoracic kyphosis and larger pelvic tilt) than those without this diagnosis. Postoperative comparisons revealed significant restoration of global sagittal alignment and balance and improvement of living quality in Groups A and C at the final follow-up. Six patients in Group B and one in Group A were found to have proximal junctional complication during follow-up.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that DLSS patients with sagittal imbalance syndrome had inferior surgical outcomes in terms of living quality and proximal junctional complication after lumbar decompression with a short fusion.
Transforming research to improve therapies for trauma in the twenty-first century
Authors: Juffermans Nicole P. , Gözden Tarik , Brohi Karim , Davenport Ross , Acker Jason P. , Reade Michael C. , Maegele Marc , Neal Matthew D. , Spinella Philip C.
Published: February 2024

Improvements have been made in optimizing initial care of trauma patients, both in prehospital systems as well as in the emergency department, and these have also favorably affected longer term outcomes. However, as specific treatments for bleeding are largely lacking, many patients continue to die from hemorrhage. Also, major knowledge gaps remain on the impact of tissue injury on the host immune and coagulation response, which hampers the development of interventions to treat or prevent organ failure, thrombosis, infections or other complications of trauma. Thereby, trauma remains a challenge for intensivists. This review describes the most pressing research questions in trauma, as well as new approaches to trauma research, with the aim to bring improved therapies to the bedside within the twenty-first century.
Prenatal diagnosis of non-typical Chiari malformation type I associated with de novo Nuclear Factor I A gene mutation: a case report
Authors: Tomai Xuan-Hong , Nguyen Huu-Trung , Nguyen Thi Thanh-Truc , Nguyen Tuan-Anh , Nguyen Thuy-Vy
Published: February 2024

Background

Chiari malformation is one of the most common Central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities that can be detected in routine fetal scanning. Chiari malformation type I (CMI) is a congenital defect characterized by a displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. The etiology of CMI has not been well established and suggested having multifactorial contributions, especially genetic deletion. Clinical characteristics of this anomaly may express in different symptoms from neurological dysfunction and/or skeletal abnormalities in the later age, but it is rarely reported in pregnancy.

Case presentation

We present a case in which the Chiari malformation type I was diagnosed with comorbidities of facial anomalies (flatting forehead and micrognathia) and muscular-skeletal dysmorphologies (clenched hands and clubfeet) at the 24+6 weeks of gestation in a 29-year-old Vietnamese pregnant woman. The couple refused an amniocentesis, and the pregnancy was followed up every 4 weeks until a spontaneous delivery occurred at 38 weeks. The newborn had a severe asphyxia and seizures at birth required to have an emergency resuscitation at delivery. He is currently being treated in the intensive neonatal care unit. He carries the novel heterozygous NFIA gene mutation confirmed after birth. No further postnatal malformation detected.

Conclusion

CMI may only represent with facial abnormalities and muscle-skeletal malformations at the early stage of pregnancy, which may also alert an adverse outcome. A novel heterozygous NFIA gene mutation identified after birth helps to confirm prenatal diagnosis of CMI and to provide an appropriate consultation.
Redevelopment of mental health first aid guidelines for substance use problems: a Delphi study
Authors: Wright Judith , Chalmers Kathryn J. , Rossetto Alyssia , Reavley Nicola J. , Kelly Claire M. , Jorm Anthony F.
Published: February 2024

Background

Substance use problems have a major impact on the physical and mental health of individuals, families and communities. Early intervention may have a positive effect on recovery and treatment outcomes for those with substance use problems, reducing related risk and harm. Separate mental health first aid guidelines on how a member of the public could assist someone experiencing or developing alcohol use and drug use problems in high income Western countries were developed using Delphi expert consensus in 2009 and 2011, respectively. This study aimed to synthesise and update these two original guidelines to reflect current evidence and best practice.

Methods

The Delphi expert consensus method was used to determine the inclusion of statements in the redeveloped guidelines. A questionnaire was developed using previously endorsed helping statements from the original guidelines on alcohol and drug use problems, as well as relevant content identified in systematic searches of academic and grey literature. Three panels of experts (people with lived experience, support people and professionals) rated statements over three consecutive online survey rounds to determine the importance of their inclusion in the guidelines. Statements endorsed by at least 80% of each panel were included.

Results

103 panellists completed all three survey rounds. They rated 469 statements and endorsed 300 of these for inclusion in the redeveloped guidelines.

Conclusions

This study has developed a broader and more comprehensive set of guidelines for how to support a person experiencing or developing a substance use problem. The redeveloped guidelines provide more detail on knowledge about and recognition of substance use problems, approaching and assisting people who want to change or are not ready to change, harm reduction, community-based supports and professional help, but have less on physical first aid actions. Mental Health First Aid International will use these guidelines in future updates of their training courses.
Examining successful and unsuccessful time management through process data: two novel indicators of test-taking behaviors
Authors: Papanastasiou Elena C. , Michaelides Michalis P.
Published: February 2024

Test-taking behavior is a potential source of construct irrelevant variance for test scores in international large-scale assessments where test-taking effort, motivation, and behaviors in general tend to be confounded with test scores. In an attempt to disentangle this relationship and gain further insight into examinees’ test-taking processes, researchers can now utilize process and timing data to obtain a more comprehensive view of test-taking behaviors, such as test-taking effort. The purpose of this study is to propose and evaluate two novel response-based, standardized indicators of test-taking behaviors that utilize a combination of examinee response and process (timing) data to better understand and describe test-taking effort in ILSAs. These indices were empirically estimated with USA data from two booklets from e-TIMSS 2019 in mathematics for grade 4. In addition, their predictive validity was examined with respect to achievement estimates. Their network of associations with other relevant variables such as motivation, interest in the subject, as well as across subjects were also examined to test their intra-individual stability in e-TIMSS.
Towards a social bioarchaeology of the Mycenaean period
Authors: Μουτάφη Ιωάννα
Published: February 2024

Η παρούσα μελέτη στοχεύει στην ανάπτυξη μιας ολιστικής βιοαρχαιολογικής προσέγγισης στις κοινωνικές διαστάσεις των Μυκηναϊκών ταφικών πρακτικών, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στη μεταχείριση του νεκρού σώματος. Βασικό εργαλείο συνιστά η διεπιστημονική ανάλυση των ανθρώπινων σκελετικών καταλοίπων και συγκείμενων ταφικών δεδομένων από τη Βούντενη, ένα σημαντικό Μυκηναϊκό (1400-1050 π.Χ.) νεκροταφείο θαλαμωτών τάφων στην Αχαΐα (Ελλάδα). Στόχος της προσέγγισης αυτής είναι να ξεπεράσει αδιέξοδες αντιθέσεις μεταξύ διαφορετικών επιστημονικών κλάδων υποστηρίζοντας μια γόνιμη σύνθεση κοινωνικής θεωρίας και ποικίλων βιο-πολιτισμικών δεδομένων. Ιδιαίτερο στόχο αποτελεί η αντιμετώπιση θεωρητικών και μεθοδολογικών ζητημάτων στην ανάλυση αναμοχλευμένων σκελετικών καταλοίπων. Ως πλέον αποτελεσματική προσέγγιση στα ταφικά δεδομένα προτείνεται η ημική κατανόηση συγκεκριμένων πράξεων και εμπειριών, τόσο των ζώντων που τελούν την ταφή όσο και των ίδιων των νεκρών κατά τη διάρκεια της ζωής τους. Τα ανθρώπινα σκελετικά κατάλοιπα αποτελούν την πρωταρχική πηγή πληροφοριών, και ερευνώνται τόσο ως αντικείμενο της δράσης των ζωντανών αλλά και ως υποκείμενο των δικών τους βιωμένων εμπειριών. Η παρούσα έρευνα παρουσιάζεται σε διαδοχικά στάδια: α) ανάπτυξη ενός στέρεου θεωρητικού και μεθοδολογικού πλαισίου, β) παρουσίαση του δείγματος και των αναλυτικών οστεολογικών αποτελεσμάτων, γ) διερεύνηση σχέσεων και αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ τεμνόμενων μεταβλητών βιο-πολιτισμικών δεδομένων και χρονικών ή κοινωνικών παραμέτρων (με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στη διάκριση μεταξύ ανακτορικής ΥΕΙΙΙΑ-Β και μετανακτορικής ΥΕΙΙΙΓ περιόδου), και δ) τελική σύνθεση, με κατ’ εξοχήν στόχο ερωτήματα που αφορούν στις μεταβαλλόμενες κοινωνικές συνθήκες της Μυκηναϊκής Αχαΐας αλλά και σε ευρύτερα ζητήματα της σύγχρονης Μυκηναϊκής ταφικής έρευνας. Συγκεκριμένα, αυτά περιλαμβάνουν: επανάχρηση τάφων, τυπολογία, ποικιλομορφία, ακολουθία και συχνότητα ταφικών πράξεων, καμπύλες θνησιμότητας, διαφοροποιήσεις ως προς την συμπερίληψη, την ορατότητα και την εν γένει ταφική μεταχείριση κοινωνικών ομάδων και ταυτοτήτων, αλλαγές στη μεταχείριση του νεκρού σώματος, και συσχετισμός αυτών με μεταβολές στην αντίληψη του εαυτού και των κοινωνικών σχέσεων. Με την προσέγγιση αυτή έγινε φανερό πως η σύνθετη σχέση μεταξύ μεταβαλλόμενων κοινωνικών συνθηκών και ταφικής πρακτικής δεν εκφράζεται τόσο με έντονες ριζικές μεταβολές της ταφικής πράξης, αλλά κυρίως με ανεπαίσθητες εννοιολογικές διακυμάνσεις και μικρές μετατοπίσεις της έμφασης στη μεταχείριση του νεκρού σώματος.
Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) and Alternatives in Opioid Use Disorder: Reviewing the latest advancements, outcomes, and challenges in substitutional therapy for opioid addiction - literature review
Authors: Koszyczarek Karolina , Kotowska Maja , Zamirska Wiktoria , Ziemiański Albin , Zięba Katarzyna , Zygmunt Anna , Smuszkiewicz-Różański Paweł , Różańska-Smuszkiewicz Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Introduction and Purpose: Opioid addiction is a serious challenge for public health worldwide, and methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is a key therapeutic approach. This review intends to provide an up-to-date summary of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic techniques, and treatment options for Opioid Use Disorder.
 
Materials and methods: The literature available in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was reviewed using the following keywords: "MMT," "methadone maintenance therapy", “maintenance therapy”, "opioid use disorder",  "opioid addiction," "methadone”, ”naloxone” “naltrexone”, and “buprenorphine”.
 
State of Knowledge: This review examines current approaches in maintenance therapy for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). In the study, we focus on treatments using methadone, buprenorphine, naloxone, and naltrexone. It focuses on recent advancements, comparing the effectiveness, safety, and patient outcomes of these therapies. Key challenges in treatment accessibility and implementation are also discussed, providing an updated overview of the field and identifying areas for future research in opioid addiction therapy.
Conclusion: There is a series of studies researching the psychological and behavioral problems associated with opioid addiction. This research has given medical practitioners valuable guidance on effective management techniques. According to the authors, compared to other alternative treatment methods, methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is still considered the most effective pharmacotherapeutic method in the treatment of opioid addiction. Nevertheless, ongoing research is essential to improve diagnostic processes, develop innovative therapies, and enhance the overall quality of care for those affected by these challenges.
Condyloma acuminata - the review of the treatment methods
Authors: Słowik Magdalena , Gierlach Katarzyna , Nowak Karolina , Nowak Karolina , Drygała Zuzanna , Zielińska Zuzanna , Wyrwał Julia , Olejarz Zuzanna , Krasuska Martyna , Nieć Maria
Published: February 2024

Introduction and purpose:

Condyloma acuminata, a benign manifestation of HPV infection, is a common sexually transmitted disease. Condyloma acuminata most commonly affects the anogenital area, but can also occur in the oral cavity. Macroscopically the lesions present as raised, fleshy papules, sometimes flat and broad, pedicled or cauliflower-like. Generally, the lesions are multiple, and as they grow, tend to coalesce into larger ones. Due to the lack of symptoms, condyloma acuminata are often found incidentally during routine medical appointments, e.g. in gynecologist’s offices. Additional symptoms and signs are pain, minor bleeding and pruritus. Patients suffering from condyloma acuminata are often in psychological and psychosexual distress. 

This work aims to provide a summary of the currently available treatment options based on scientific reports to date.

A brief description of the state of knowledge:

Among the factors that increase the risk of the HPV infection are age, lifestyle, promiscuity, smoking, HIV infection, a history of chlamydia or gonorrhea infections. To date, no treatment algorithm has been developed for condyloma acuminata. Two vaccines are on offer as primary prevention, Gardasil and Cervarix. The available treatment options are divided into two main groups: patient-administered and physician administered. Surgical methods have the highest therapeutic efficacy. Condyloma acuminata has a high recurrence rate. Usually, a multi-session combination treatment is needed to reach total remission.

Summary (conclusions):

The treatment of condyloma acuminata includes personalized targets due to their diverse clinical picture and the limitations of certain patient groups. The available treatment options do not exhaust the needs of patients suffering from condyloma acuminata. Further research into the effectiveness of specific treatments is advisable.
Atopic dermatitis - itchy problem of children and adults
Authors: Lasota Nina , Demidowicz Gabriela , Trąbka Natalia , Lasek Patryk , Smerdzyński Maciej , Łach Katarzyna , Ściurka Kinga , Kowalczyk Klaudia , Panuciak Kinga , Kozicka Karolina
Published: February 2024

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with recurrent exacerbations, persistent itching, erythema, dry skin due to damage to the epidermal barrier, and staphylococcal infections. The causative factors are mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin, dysregulation of the immune system, changes in the skin microbiome and lipids in the stratum corneum and deficiency of antimicrobial peptides AMPs. The disease mainly affects children, causing                         a significant deterioration in the quality of life, and its first symptoms occur in approximately 90% before the age of 5. Lesions most often appear on the bends of elbows and knees, on the face and neck, but may also affect the skin of the entire body (erythroderma). The location of the eruptions depends on age. Atopic dermatitis is the result of complex genetic, epigenetic, environmental and immunological interactions with a coexisting epidermal barrier defect. The disease is diagnosed based on the Hanifin and Rajka criteria. Treatment of atopic dermatitis is symptomatic and selected individually. They include the elimination of provoking factors, care of the epidermal barrier, and anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic therapy.
Directores de la decepción o directores rebeldes en el cine contemporáneo argelino.
Authors: Val Cubero Alejandra
Published: February 2024

En las últimas dos décadas en Argelia, una nueva corriente de directores ha abordado temas históricamente comprometidos como la guerra civil y el exilio. Estas películas, que no reciben financiación estatal por los contenidos que tratan y que, generalmente, son coproducciones, se distancian de esas otras que encumbran a héroes o heroínas en su intento de crear un relato nacional. Los directores de este cine de la decepción o cine rebelde se muestran muy interesados en describir la compleja historia contemporánea de Argelia, y así sanar la herida de un pasado muy violento. Estos directores introducen, además, el dialecto árabe argelino y el francés, los ritmos más clásicos como el raï o más modernos como el rap y no dudan en presentar una Argelia “fea”. Son obras que están obteniendo un gran reconocimiento internacional, pero que, por lo general se prohíben en su país de origen; un país donde el número de directoras, actrices y productoras es cada vez mayor.
INFORMAR, ESPECULAR, COMERCIAR: EL PROYECTO DE COMERCIO DE PIELES DE NUTRIA ENTRE AMÉRICA Y CHINA DE ALEJANDRO MALASPINA.
Authors: Ortega del Cerro Pablo
Published: February 2024

Durante las últimas décadas del siglo XVIII, las pieles de nutria procedentes de la costa noroccidental de América se convirtieron en un producto muy demandado en el puerto chino de Cantón y generaron una intensa competencia entre las potencias europeas. A los rusos se unieron más tarde los ingleses, los franceses y los norteamericanos. La monarquía española, consciente de las ventajas que podría tener este ramo, también participó en el intercambio con diversos experimentos mercantiles. En este trabajo se analiza el proyecto comercial que Alejandro Malaspina propuso para vender pieles de nutria en China, examinando el papel central que tuvo la información en la especulación de este producto y estudiando la constante circulación de noticias que condicionó el proyecto de Malaspina.
LA ESCRIBANÍA DE CÁMARA DE JUSTICIA DEL CONSEJO DE INDIAS: ORIGEN Y CONSTITUCIÓN (1571-1604).
Authors: Gómez Gómez Margarita
Published: February 2024

El presente estudio pretende dar a conocer el nacimiento y constitución de la Escribanía de Cámara de Justicia del Consejo de Indias, una oficina de expedición de documentos prácticamente desconocida hasta el momento, que nació en el año 1571 como consecuencia de la visita de Juan de Ovando al Consejo de Indias y la publicación de sus segundas ordenanzas. Se analizarán los profundos cambios otorgados a la organización y forma de trabajo del hasta entonces único escritorio del Consejo, la labor de Francisco de Sopando Valmaseda como escribano de Cámara de Justicia y la enajenación del oficio en 1604.
EL TRIBUNAL DE CUENTAS DE LIMA DURANTE EL GOBIERNO DEL VIRREY MONTESCLAROS: PREEMINENCIAS, AUTORIDAD Y SELLO REAL.
Authors: Ramírez Barrios Julio Alberto
Published: February 2024

El establecimiento del Tribunal de Cuentas en la ciudad de Lima a principios del siglo XVII implicó una sucesión de conflictos de preeminencias que se agravaron con la llegada del virrey Montesclaros. Este estudio parte de aquellos conflictos y el contexto en que se desarrollaron para ahondar en la naturaleza del Tribunal de Cuentas como institución representativa del monarca. Para ello se atenderá a las capacidades documentales con las que fue dotado el tribunal y la apelación que hicieron sus contadores al uso del sello real en defensa de sus preeminencias, como signo de distinción y autoridad por encarnar a la misma persona del rey.
EL CABILDO EN DURANGO, NUEVA VIZCAYA, Y SUS PODERES LOCALES (1755-1809).
Authors: Raigosa Gómez Tania Celiset
Published: February 2024

El cabildo o ayuntamiento de Durango, Nueva Vizcaya, ha sido poco estudiado. Por tal razon, este trabajo pretende comenzar a subsanar esos vacíos en la historia de la localidad haciendo un estudio de los alcaldes ordinarios, los regidores, y algunos otros oficiales del ayuntamiento. El artículo muestra la situación que éstos vivían antes y en el tránsito que se vivió con la aplicación de las reformas borbónicas. Por lo que nos permite acercarnos, brevemente, a las figuras locales de poder de la capital y de algunas villas de la intendencia
Column-Randomized Linear Programs: Performance Guarantees and Applications
Authors: Akchen Yi-Chun , Mišić Velibor V.
Published: February 2024

Solving Large-Scale Linear Programs by Randomly Sampling Columns

Large-scale linear programs (LPs) play a pivotal role in various applications, including the classic cutting-stock problem and the vehicle routing problem. The standard solution approach for these LPs, namely, column generation (CG), is often computationally intractable because of the NP-hard nature of the corresponding subproblem in many applications. In “Column-Randomized Linear Programs: Performance Guarantees and Applications,” Akchen and Mišić introduce a randomized method that involves first sampling a set of columns from the original LP and subsequently solving an LP composed of the sampled columns, termed the column-randomized LP. The authors analyze the optimality gap of the column-randomized LPs and establish conditions under which the gap is small. Empirical findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the column-randomized LP approach, showcasing its advantages over the CG approach in two practical applications: the cutting-stock problem and nonparametric choice model estimation.
A New Simheuristic Approach for Stochastic Runway Scheduling
Authors: Shone Rob , Glazebrook Kevin , Zografos Konstantinos G.
Published: February 2024

We consider a stochastic, dynamic runway scheduling problem involving aircraft landings on a single runway. Sequencing decisions are made with knowledge of the estimated arrival times (ETAs) of all aircraft due to arrive at the airport, and these ETAs vary according to continuous-time stochastic processes. Time separations between consecutive runway landings are modeled via sequence-dependent Erlang distributions and are affected by weather conditions, which also evolve continuously over time. The resulting multistage optimization problem is intractable using exact methods, and we propose a novel simheuristic approach based on the application of methods analogous to variable neighborhood search in a high-dimensional stochastic environment. Our model is calibrated using flight tracking data for over 98,000 arrivals at Heathrow Airport. Results from numerical experiments indicate that our proposed simheuristic algorithm outperforms an alternative based on deterministic forecasts under a wide range of parameter values, with the largest benefits seen when the underlying stochastic processes become more volatile and also when the on-time requirements of individual flights are given greater weight in the objective function.

Funding: This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [Grant EP/M020258/1].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0400 .
A Historiographic Review of the Research on Undecided Students
Authors: Spight David B. , Mooney Deirdre , Orr Rachael
Published: February 2024

Advising programs for undecided/exploratory students risk reinvention of the wheel through lack of familiarity with existing literature. This lack can also leave the scholar and the practitioner unable to identify potential gaps within the research. Applying the methodological approach of qualitative historiography to literature from 1950 to 2022, our findings clarify the need for a nuanced and clear understanding of undecided/exploratory students. Observed throughout the literature is an awareness that exploration and decision-making skills are valuable to all students. Additionally, cultural context—examining the various models, programs, and interventions through a lens of equity and inclusion—and a more global perspective are critical for future research.
INCREASING MARINE TOURISM WITH MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING METHOD AND GROWTH OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF UNUSED MARINE AREAS
Authors: Patel Hasanain Imtiaz Ismail , Gurning Raja Oloan Saut
Published: February 2024

The current state of the art of ecosystem-based marine spatial management (EB-MSM), a new approach to ocean management that is being supported all over the world as the best means of ensuring the sustainability of marine ecosystems. It aims to sustain robust, fruitful, and resilient ecosystems that supply essential products and services while withstanding human influences. It concentrates on all interactions within a marine ecosystem, including human interactions. The most cutting-edge science and innovative methods are needed for successful implementation. Focusing on the role of marine spatial planning (MSP) in marine ecosystem management and discussing the use of MSP to manage the risks associated with geohazards and climate change. Including creation of networks of marine protected areas (MPAs), how maritime activities are distributed both spatially and temporally, flexibility in fisheries management, actions to promote coastal resilience, the restoration of vital coastal ecosystems, the establishment of buffer zones between permanent structures and the coastline, and the implementation of risk-mitigation tools like monitoring programs and warning systems. More responsive demands of coastal countries and more actively supporting the economic integration of foreign operators and tourism. Even during disputes or cancellations, innovative ideas and agreements can stimulate the economy. For instance, a third party can create jobs in sub-Saharan West Africa, while a recreation area could increase tourist in Indonesia.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON FATIGUE ASSESSMENT APPROACH IN SHIP STRUCTURAL DETAILS
Authors: Ariesta Rizky Chandra , Frestiqauli Santi , Safa’at Ahmat , Pradesar Yusuf , Kallur Abhishek
Published: February 2024

Review of the methods used in the fatigue analysis of structures has been widely used. The resulting fatigue is primarily the result of repeated loads acting on the structure both internally and externally. Internal loads are caused by the cargo loading and unloading process, while external loads are caused by sea waves. The interaction of the two loads affects the strength of the structure. In this paper, we will discuss materials, residual stresses and environmental factors that cause fatigue in structures. The focus of analysis in this critical review is on the structural details of the ship. In determining fatigue in detailed structures, it can occur in welded joints, section cuts and shape imperfections.
APPLYING DESIGN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO OPTIMIZE COMFORT, SAFETY, AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS IN THE REDESIGN OF ACCOMMODATION ROOMS ON THE SHIP KM TAREX 2
Authors: Mustain Achmad Difa Khoirul , Wahidin Aang , Soelistijono Rachmad Tri , Nugroho Priyambodo Nur Ardi , Ashari Azza Nuha Salma
Published: February 2024

In late December 2021, the ship KM Tarex 2, owned by PT. Pelayaran Mandala Sejahtera Abadi, underwent its annual docking at PT. Tambangan Permai Raya. During this time, the ship was found to be in a state of disrepair, including its accommodation rooms. The ship's current condition, feedback from stakeholders, and financial considerations served as the catalyst for a comprehensive interior redesign, with a primary focus on enhancing comfort, safety, and economy. The interior redesign of the accommodation spaces on the ship KM Tarex 2 involved the exploration of two alternative design concepts. These concepts centered around the Owner's Room, Crew's Room, Messroom and Life Jacket Storage. Alternative Design 1 adopted a Contemporary Concept, while Alternative Design 2 embraced a Modern Minimalist concept. The selection process for these designs involved soliciting feedback from a panel of 18 individuals, consisting of 12 representatives from PT. Pelayaran Mandala Sejahtera Abadi, 3 individuals from PT. Tambangan Permai Raya, and 3 crew members of the ship KM Tarex 2. Ultimately, Alternative Design 1 garnered an average approval rating of 67% across all rooms, surpassing Alternative Design 2 in preference. The selected design alternatives were evaluated for compliance with regulatory standards, achieving a 100% compliance rate for each room and an average comfort rating of 40%. Additionally, the chosen materials, as determined through a Google Form questionnaire, included ALUMETAL brand ACP Materials for room lining and ceiling, along with Henan Fortovan brand LVT for ship deck covering. These materials received an average approval rating of 61%. Economically, the analysis of material costs demonstrated that the project could be undertaken without exceeding the ship's annual income, ensuring financial feasibility.
The role of medical-grade maggots in facilitating healing of diabetic foot ulcers in Kano, northern Nigeria: a case series
Authors: Yusuf Mustapha Ahmed , Ibrahim Bashir Mohammed , Abubakar Firdausi , Ibrahim Mustapha , Sheshe Abdulrahman Abba , Abubakar Mohammed Kabir , Aji Sani A , Gbadamasi Kamaldeen A , Busayo Jatto Kabir , Sallau Suleiman Bala , Ridwan Bakare Ajibola , Uloko Andrew E , Gezawa Ibrahim D , Ramalan Mansur , Sidi Kamal , Abdullahi Sani , Adamu Kabir Musa , Bello Nafisatu , Muhammad Abdullahi , Mukhtar Rabiu , Aina Deji
Published: February 2024

Objective:

Approximately 13% of people living with diabetes develop one or more ulcers during the course of the disease, and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is responsible for >60% of lower limb amputations worldwide. This case series aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of medical-grade maggots on DFUs in promoting wound healing and reducing related hospital stays in northern Nigeria.

Method:

Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) was applied to the DFUs of patients who consented to this treatment between January–August 2021 at the Orthopaedic Unit of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria. Sterile first instar larvae of Lucilia sericata were obtained indigenously and applied using the confinement (free-range) method under aseptic procedure.

Results:

A total of 15 patients with DFUs of Wagner classification grades III (33.3%) and IV (66.7%), were seen and documented. The patients included 10 (66.7%) females and five (33.3%) males, giving a female:male ratio of 2:1. The mean age (±standard deviation) of the respondents was 51.6±10.8 years. The surface area of the wounds ranged from 24–140cm2, with a median value of 75cm2. Among the patients, 60% had two cycles of MDT, with a median duration of five days. Most of the wounds (53.3%) were debrided within five days; 13.3% (two wounds) took seven days to be fully debrided. A paired sample t-test showed a statistically significant association between wound surface area and therapy duration (t=8.0; p=0.000) and between wound surface area and cycles of therapy (t=8.3; p=0.000). Before maggot application, 14 (93.3%) DFUs were completely (100%) covered with slough and only one (6.7%) was 95% covered with slough. After maggot application, 10 (66.7%) wounds were completely debrided while five (33.3%) wounds required bedside surgical debridement to achieve complete debridement. A paired sample t-test showed statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-MDT slough covering the wounds (t=45.1; p=0.000).

Conclusion:

In this case series, MDT was successfully used in the debridement of DFUs, which facilitated the healing process with an encouraging clinical outcome.
Foundations of mutual trust
Authors: Garnett Helen
Published: February 2024

When settings support co-regulation, children can be calmed in the moment and gain trust in the adults around them, explains Helen Garnett
Making time
Authors: Clark Alison
Published: February 2024

There are many ways to think about time, says Alison Clark in this edited extract of her book Slow Knowledge and the Unhurried Child
Safeguarding in 2024: New Priorities
Authors: Buckler Rachel
Published: February 2024

In the first of a four-part series, Rachel Buckler, a trainer and consultant specialising in safeguarding, looks at ways to strengthen safe practices in the early years workforce
Optimization of Security Identification in Power Grid Data through Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm
Authors: Li Biaoqi , Xu Min , Zhou Yuan , Liu Haibin , Zhang Renlong
Published: February 2024

With the increasing reliance on digital technologies in power grid systems, ensuring the security and confidentiality of data has become paramount. This study focuses on optimizing security identification processes in power grid data using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The research explores the application of AES to enhance data protection and improve the accuracy and efficiency of security identification techniques. By implementing AES encryption, the study aims to fortify the security measures within the power grid infrastructure, safeguard sensitive information, and mitigate potential threats. The findings provide insights into the benefits of AES-based security optimization, contributing to the advancement of data security in power grid operations.
Cryptographic Solutions for Data Security in Cloud Computing:
Authors: Dawson John Kwao , Twum Frimpong , Acquah James Benjamin Hayfron , Missah Yaw Marfo
Published: February 2024

Due to the recent explosion in the amount of data being created by various social media platforms, e-commerce websites, and other businesses, a paradigm shift from on-site data centers to the cloud is required. Concerns about privacy and secrecy have been a major obstacle to the mainstream adoption of cloud computing. The best approach to protect the confidentiality and privacy of cloud data is by using cryptographic techniques. Researchers have developed several cryptographic algorithms, but they all have lengthy, linear, predictable, memory-intensive execution times. The performance of the CPU, memory, run-time trend, and throughput of the three cryptographic schemes: Enhanced RSA (ERSA), Non-Deterministic Cryptographic Scheme (NCS), and Enhanced Homomorphic Scheme (EHS) are compared using RAsys. The experiment’s results demonstrated that NCS and EHS produced non-linear and non-deterministic run times. Again, NCS and EHS produced the lowest throughput and memory consumption for text and numeric data types when data sizes of 5n*102(KB(∈1,2,4,10,20,40) were processed. However, ERSA produced a run-time trend that was deterministic, linear, and predictable
Image Encryption Technology Based on Fractal Image Compression Algorithm
Authors: Yu Jinna
Published: February 2024

As the most commonly used information transmission method, digital images often store a large amount of personal information. To prevent information leakage, encrypting images is essential. Common image encryption techniques suffer from certain limitations, such as overly simple encryption methods and long encryption times. In response to the above issues, this study proposes the Frobenius canonical form image encryption scheme. It calculates the fractal code through the fractal compression algorithm and to encrypt the image, it adjusts the brightness coefficient in the fractal code. To address unsatisfactory correlation coefficients in encrypted images, the Frobenius canonical form image encryption is improved by introducing the Arnold transformation encryption, which combines the two methods to reduce correlation coefficients. Finally, the knight tour algorithm is put forward. In response to the long image scrambling time in the knight tour algorithm, the Tetragonal theorem is combined with the scheme to encrypt the image. It is then re-encrypted using the Frobenius canonical form. The experimental findings illustrate that when using Frobenius canonical form, Arnold transformation combined with Frobenius canonical form, and the tetragonal algorithm combined with knight tour algorithm to encrypt Lena images, the three decryption methods correspond to image similarity of over 70%, over 80%, and over 90%, respectively. Combining the tetragonal algorithm and the knight tour algorithm can significantly increase the security of image encryption.
Information Security and Risk Control Model Based on Plan-Do-Check-Action for Digital Libraries
Authors: Yin Yimin
Published: February 2024

To continuously and effectively control the potential risk factors of digital libraries, further improve the quality of digital library usage, ensure the smooth operation and information security of digital libraries, a security and risk factor control model for digital libraries based on the Plan-Do-Check-Action is constructed. A digital library security and risk identification model based on improved support vector machines is constructed. Based on the obtained risk identification results, a Plan-Do-Check-Action management model is implemented for information security in digital libraries. The R2L dataset in the network attack dataset is used for training and testing model performance. Then the proposed method is applied to two different digital libraries. The average accuracy of the risk identification model proposed in the research is 96.46%. The risk error of each level is maintained within 0.4%, which is within an acceptable range. The proposed method has a high recognition effect. It can be used to identify common security and risk issues encountered in digital libraries, and improve the information security performance.
As (Un)Seen from Space: Soviet Collapse and the Unwatchable in Andrei Ujică's Out of the Present
Authors: Schwartz Daniel P.
Published: February 2024

abstract: Andrei Ujică's 1995 documentary Out of the Present tells the story of Sergei Krikalev, the last Soviet cosmonaut, who was stranded aboard the Mir space station from May 18, 1991, to March 25, 1992. He was thus one of two former Soviet citizens to watch the collapse of the USSR from space. Through a comparison of Out of the Present with Theo Anthony's 2021 documentary All Light, Everywhere , this article examines the conditions, processes, and contradictions of recording and observing the present from a cosmic perspective. This analysis is performed through the critical frameworks of the unwatchable, which explore the limits of visibility in visual media. My interpretation of Out of the Present contributes to the discourse on the unwatchable by introducing the problem of the political subject and the way in which the political determining of the eye governs the field of watchability.
Experiencia migratoria y trauma social en el teatro venezolano contemporáneo
Authors: Valladares-Ruiz Patricia
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Diasporic Venezuelan theatre has proven to be a rich soil for social criticism, offering avenues for the challenge of revolutionary discourse and its agents and shedding light on a nationalist populism that compulsively represses emigrant and dissenting subjectivities. This article explores the discursive and performative reconsideration of the notions of borders, (trans)national identities, displacement, and homelessness, as well as the expression of political resistance in three diasporic plays: Gennys Pérez's ¿Tequila o ron? (2014), Alfredo Rodríguez Guillén's Argonautas de la octava isla (2017), and Teatro en Red's Las travesías (2020). These plays showcase the emergence of hybrid identities and new pluralities of venezolanidad shaped by the migratory experience. This corpus displays the dominant thematic and aesthetic trends in the representation of displaced subjects and the confrontation of political power through the spectacularization of State violence against civil society.
Surface relief coupled grating design for near-eye display
Authors: Hu Chi , Zhang Jin , Jiang Dacheng , Sun Guobin
Published: February 2024

As the most important optical component in a near-eye display system, the performance of a coupling grating directly determines the imaging quality of the final display system. In order to improve the diffraction efficiency and field of view (FOV) of the coupling device, this study proposes a novel surface relief coupling grating. The structural parameters of the surface relief coupled grating are simulated and calculated by using the finite-element analysis method. The simulation results show that the diffraction efficiency of the coupling grating can reach more than 99.5%. Compared with the traditional rectangular tilted grating, the diffraction efficiency has increased by 6.4%, and the full width at half-maximum of the incident angle has increased by 4°, which proves that the structure has higher diffraction efficiency and a larger FOV. Furthermore, the surface relief coupling grating is insensitive to operating conditions and processing errors, fully meeting the processability requirements. Therefore, this new type of surface relief coupling grating can replace traditional coupling gratings and is expected to become a key coupling component in the next generation of near-eye display systems.
Event recognition method based on feature synthesizing for a zero-shot intelligent distributed optical fiber sensor
Authors: Shi Yi , Liu Hanfang , Zhang Wentao , Cheng Zhongdi , Chen Jiewei , Sun Qian
Published: February 2024

Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) is an emergent distributed optical sensing system with the advantages of high localization accuracy and high sensitivity. It has been widely used for intrusion identification, pipeline monitoring, under-ground tunnel monitoring, etc. Deep learning-based classification methods work well for Φ-OTDR event recognition tasks with sufficient samples. However, the lack of training data samples is sometimes a serious problem for these data-driven algorithms. This paper proposes a novel feature synthesizing approach to solve this problem. A mixed class approach and a reinforcement learning-based guided training method are proposed to realize high-quality feature synthesis. Experiment results in the task of eight event classifications, including one unknown class, show that the proposed method can achieve an average classification accuracy of 42% for the unknown class and obtain its event type, meanwhile achieving a 74% average overall classification accuracy. This is 29% and 7% higher, respectively, than those of the ordinary instance synthesizing method. Moreover, this is the first time that the Φ-OTDR system can recognize a specific event and tell its event type without collecting its data sample in advance.
Isotropic antenna based on Rydberg atoms
Authors: Yuan Shaoxin , Jing Mingyong , Zhang Hao , Zhang Linjie , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: February 2024

Governed by the hairy ball theorem, classical antennas with isotropic responses to linearly polarized radio waves are unrealizable. Also, their calibrations face a causal dilemma. Therefore, radio wave measurements based on classical antennas are challenging to achieve high accuracy. This work shows that the antenna based on Rydberg atoms can theoretically achieve an ideal isotropic response to linearly polarized radio waves; that is, it has zero isotropic deviation. Although this conclusion is straightforward, it is not theoretically clear when complex atomic energy levels are taken into account. Experimental results of isotropic deviation within 5 dB and 0.3 dB possible with optimization in microwave and terahertz wave measurements support the theory and is at least 15 dB improvement than the classical omnidirectional antenna. Combined with the SI traceable and ultrawideband property, the ideal isotropic response will make radio wave measurement based on atomic antenna much more accurate and reliable than the traditional method. This isotropic atomic antenna is an excellent example of what a tailored quantum sensor can realize, but a classical sensor cannot. It has crucial applications in fields such as radio wave electrometry.
Retrieving profile of photoresist with high aspect ratio and subwavelength features using optical spectroscopy and artificial neural network
Authors: Chang Chin-Kai , Yang Chao-Wei
Published: February 2024

Profile measurements of structures with a high aspect ratio and subwavelength features (HARSW) can be achieved using transmission electron microscopy and tilted scanning electron microscopy. Although electron microscopy can provide accurate HARSW measurements, it is laborious and destructive. In this paper, nondestructive and labor-saving methods were proposed to measure the dimensions of HARSW structures. The optical reflection spectrum, along with an artificial neural network (ANN) model, was adopted for interpolation with the simulation database to retrieve the dimensions of HARSW structures. To generate the ANN model, the experimental and simulated reflection spectra were adopted as the input and output variables for the training data, respectively. This ANN model can learn the discrepancy between simulation and experimental reflections. The finite-difference time-domain method was also adopted to calculate the simulated reflection spectra of HARSW structures with various dimensions, which can be used as a database. Once the experimental reflection of a HARSW structure with unknown dimensions was obtained, the ANN model could generate a simulation-like reflection spectrum. Linear regression was used to determine the correlation coefficients of the simulation-like reflection spectra in the database. The accurate dimensions of HARSW structures can be determined using a higher correlation coefficient. This methodology can be a prominent method for the process monitoring of HARSW structures.
Polychromatic photonic Floquet-Bloch oscillations
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Li Yuan , Chen Changhong , Yu Qi , Sun Xiankai , Shu Xuewen
Published: February 2024

Photonic Floquet–Bloch oscillations (FBOs), a new type of Bloch-like oscillations in photonic Floquet lattices, have recently been observed as a typical discrete self-imaging effect. Here, we theoretically investigate the spectral range of approximate photonic Floquet–Bloch oscillations in arrays of evanescently coupled optical waveguides and show the adjustability of the spectral range. At an appropriate amplitude of the Floquet modulation, we have demonstrated approximate photonic FBOs over a broad spectral range, termed “polychromatic photonic Floquet–Bloch oscillations,” which manifest as approximate self-imaging of polychromatic beams. Furthermore, by designing the functional form of the Floquet modulation, we can cascade two polychromatic photonic FBOs and further enhance the performance of polychromatic self-imaging. Our results provide a simple and novel mechanism for achieving polychromatic self-imaging in waveguide arrays and may find applications in polychromatic beam shaping and broadband optical signal processing.