bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Mixing Characteristics in Single‐ and Two‐Phase Grid‐Generated Turbulent Flow Systems
Authors: Moghaddas J.S. , Trägårdh C. , Östergren K. , Revstedt J.
Published: June 2004

The mixing process is studied in grid‐generated turbulent flow for single‐ and bubbly two‐phase flow systems. Concentration and mixing characteristics in the liquid phase are measured with the aid of a PLIF/PLIF arrangement. A nearly isotropic turbulent flow field is generated at the center of the vertical pipe by using a honeycomb, three grids and a contraction. In two‐phase flow experiments, air bubbles were injected into the flow from a rectangular grid, with mesh size M = 6 mm, which is placed midway between two circular grids each with a mesh size of M = 2 mm. For single‐phase flow, the normalized mean concentration cross‐stream profiles have rather similar Gaussian shapes, and the cross‐stream profiles of the normalized root‐mean‐square (RMS) values of concentration were found to be quite similar. Cross‐stream profiles of the mean concentration, for bubbly two‐phase flow, were also found to be quite similar, but they did not have the Gaussian shape of the profiles for single‐phase flow. Almost self‐similar behavior was also found for the RMS values of the concentration in two‐phase systems. The turbulent diffusion coefficient in the liquid phase was also calculated. At the center of the plume, the flow was found to have a periodic coherent structure, probably of vortex shedding character. Observations showed that the period of oscillation is higher in the case of two‐phase flow than in single‐phase flow.
Determination of Kinetics and Equilibria for Adsorption of Water Vapor on Single Zeolite Particles by a Magnetic Suspension Balance
Authors: Kwapinski W. , Tsotsas E.
Published: June 2004

In order to obtain kinetic and equilibrium data for the adsorption of water vapor on zeolite for use in packed bed adsorber simulations, experimental investigations have been conducted on single zeolite particles with the help of a magnetic suspension balance. The objective was, first, to present such data in a form that is accurate enough and as simple as possible for easier application of the packed bed model and, second, to investigate and discuss the potential of the magnetic suspension balance technique, comparing with more conventional methods.
Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Catalytically Supported Sulfite/Bisulfite Oxidation with Oxygen
Authors: Kracker‐Semler G. , Marr R. , Siebenhofer M.
Published: June 2004

The influence of S(IV) concentration and the concentration of the catalysts Fe(II) and Mn(II) on the oxidation rate and mechanism of sulfite/bisulfite oxidation in flue gas desulfurization processes was investigated. Modeling of the absorption/oxidation process was carried out using the data obtained from several mass transfer experiments performed in a falling‐film absorption column.
Atomization of Suspensions with Shear‐Thinning Behavior by Aerodynamic Wave Breakup
Authors: Schütz S. , Breitling M. , Piesche M.
Published: June 2004

A mathematic‐physical model is presented which describes the aerodynamically induced atomization of fluids and suspensions with Newtonian and shear‐thinning, non‐Newtonian behavior with axial hollow‐cone pressure swirl nozzles. Based on this model, it is possible to predict the Sauter mean diameter as the surface mean diameter of drops.
Translucent Polycarbonate Materials
Authors: Proft B.
Published: June 2004

Translucent materials primarily used for lamp shades and lamp lenses manifest, in addition to high transparency, the property of converting the regular behavior of light to a diffuse behavior. This characteristic can be “taught” to transparent plastics by the addition of light‐scattering functional additives or “diffusers”. The present article examines the requirements concerning diameter and concentration made on the functional additive barium sulfate when used as a diffuser in polycarbonate, and the associated optical material properties.
Representation of Particle Size Distributions in Practice
Authors: Hess W.F.
Published: June 2004

To describe the effectiveness of chemical or physical processes, it is often profitable for the engineer to know the exact particle size distribution of his product. Although measurements are performed by efficient/suitable techniques, the representation of the results is often inadequate. In this paper an attempt is made at developing an exact and practically oriented representation of particle size distributions limited to the most important aspects.
Pulse Jet Cleaning of Textile and Rigid Filter Media – Characteristic Parameters
Authors: Leubner H. , Riebel U.
Published: June 2004

To characterize the pulse cleaning of textile and rigid filter media in technical filter houses and test rigs, by now mainly tank pressure and valve opening time have been used as characteristic parameters. The pressure pulse formed, however, depends on the whole geometry of the plant so that these operation parameters do not allow a comparison between different technical systems. Thus, the question is raised – also for the development of new pulse jet systems – which parameters of a cleaning pulse are decisive for its performance. By knowing these parameters, an experimental setup could be adjusted in a way that it shows the same cleaning behavior like a filter house so that the laboratory filter tests are comparable to technical filter cycles. On a filter test rig which can be used for both textile and rigid filter media as well as on a pilot plant designed for Herding alpha filter candles, experiments concerning the influence of these different parameters on the cleaning behavior were performed. By inserting different orifices into the blow tube and varying the tank pressure and valve opening time, cleaning pulses of great variability were generated and the history of pressure drop over the filter medium or with candles even on the filter surface was recorded. The performance parameters maximum pressure pressure integral and pressure rise velocity of each pressure pulse were determined and compared with the cleaning efficiency achieved. As result of comprehensive regression analyses we found that especially the maximum pressure and the pressure rise velocity during the zero passage of a cleaning pulse are decisive for the cleaning result. The practical conclusion is that pulse jet systems should be optimized with regard to these parameters. The pressure integral however is not a significant performance parameter.
Product Design of Cohesive Powders – Mechanical Properties, Compression and Flow Behavior
Authors: Tomas J.
Published: June 2004

The fundamentals of cohesive powder consolidation and flow behavior are explained using a reasonable combination of particle and continuum mechanics. By the model “stiff particles with soft contacts”, universal models are presented which include the elastic‐plastic and viscoplastic particle contact behavior with adhesion, load‐unload hysteresis and thus energy dissipation, a history‐dependent and a nonlinear adhesion force function. With this as the physical basis, incipient powder consolidation, yield and cohesive steady‐state flow, consolidation and compression functions, compression and preshear works are explained. As an example, the flow properties of an ultrafine limestone powder are shown. These constitutive models are used to evaluate shear cell test results for apparatus design to ensure reliable powder flow. Finally, conclusions are drawn concerning particle stressing, powder handling behavior and product quality assessment in processing industries.
Regio‐ and diastereocontrolled preparative oxidation of methyloctalones by a biomimetic porphyrin catalyst
Authors: Akagah Bernardin , Estour François , Vérité Philippe , Lameiras Pédro , Nour Mohammed , Cavé Christian , Ménager Sabine , Lafont Olivier
Published: June 2004

Both enantiomers of methyloctalone were oxidized by a biomimetic manganese/porphyrin/imidazole catalytic system in order to obtain sufficient amounts of various model metabolites. The double bond proved to be less sensitive than the ring methylenes. Hydroxylation occurred mainly in the allylic position (position 8) and also at positions 7 and 6. In position 8, two diastereomers were obtained while in positions 7 and 6 the reaction was diastereospecific. In the case of position 8 only the oxidation yielded a keto compound. The efficiency of this method for the preparation of functionalized chiral synthons was better than it was for biological pathways. Chirality 16:398–403, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent contributions of electronic circular dichroism to the investigation of oligopeptide conformations
Authors: Formaggio Fernando , Peggion Cristina , Crisma Marco , Kaptein Bernard , Broxterman Quirinus B. , Mazaleyrat Jean‐Paul , Wakselman Michel , Toniolo Claudio
Published: June 2004

Recent applications in our laboratories of electronic circular dichroism to the study of peptide secondary structures and their changes under external stimuli are briefly reviewed. More specifically, this article deals with: 1) characterization of a novel peptide conformation; 2) origin of amino acid homo‐chirality on Earth; 3) bend and helical peptides as spacers; and 4) transfer and propagation of chirality in peptides. Chirality 16:388–397, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioinversion of R‐flurbiprofen to S‐flurbiprofen at various dose levels in rat, mouse, and monkey
Authors: Leipold Douglas D. , Kantoci Darko , Murray E. David , Quiggle David D. , Wechter William J.
Published: June 2004

Information about the potential and extent of bioinversion of chiral drugs in laboratory animal species and humans is critical to the interpretation of preclinical pharm‐tox studies with these drugs. Unlike in the dog, guinea pig, and rabbit, in humans the 2‐arylpropionic acid (APA) R‐flurbiprofen (R‐FB) undergoes very little bioinversion to S‐flurbiprofen. The primary objective of this research was to identify laboratory animal species with an R‐ to S‐bioinversion profile similar to humans. Detailed evaluations of the pharmacokinetics parameters of R‐flurbiprofen in male and female rats and mice, and male nude rats and monkeys demonstrated R‐ to S‐bioinversion of 30% (average) in monkeys, 15–24% in mice, and ∼4% in rats. To date, no laboratory animal species has been identified with an R‐flurbiprofen bioinversion profile identical to humans. However, the rat has a bioinversion profile sufficiently similar to humans to be useful for preclinical pharm‐tox studies employing relatively short‐term dosing regimens. Chirality 16:379–387, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute liver damage in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Di Pascoli Lorenza , Lion Alessia , Milazzo Daniela , Caregaro Lorenza
Published: June 2004

We report a case of a 26‐year‐old White woman with a history of anorexia nervosa who developed severe liver damage and multiorgan dysfunction. At admission to our medical unit, her body mass index (BMI) was 10.8. Biochemical evaluation showed a marked increase in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferases (AST = 9,980 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT = 3,930 IU/L), amylase (1,002 IU/L), lipase (1,437 IU/L), creatine phosphokinase (CPK; 783 IU/L), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH = 6,830 IU/L). Glomerular filtration rate was reduced (35 ml/min), reflecting dehydration and prerenal azotemia. No other cause of acute liver damage except malnutrition was evidenced. Hydration and nutritional support were the unique medical treatment. A rapid recovery occurred in few days and all laboratory data were normal at discharge after a 37‐day hospitalization. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 114–117, 2004.
Beliefs of the public concerning the helpfulness of interventions for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Mond Jonathan M. , Hay Phillipa J. , Rodgers Bryan , Owen Cathy , Beumont Pierre J. V.
Published: June 2004

Objective

To examine the beliefs of women concerning the helpfulness of various possible interventions for bulimia nervosa.

Method

Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with a community sample of 208 women aged 18–45 years. Respondents were presented with a vignette describing a fictional person meeting diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa and were asked to indicate whether various persons, treatments, medications, and self‐help activities would be helpful, harmful, or neither helpful nor harmful for the person described.

Results

Respondents indicated that seeing a general practitioner (GP), counselor, or dietitian was more likely to be helpful than seeing either a psychologist or a psychiatrist. GPs were perceived as the individuals likely to be most helpful for the problem described, and most likely to be approached first, whereas counseling was regarded as the most helpful treatment. Self‐help interventions, including the use of vitamins and minerals, were also highly regarded, while a minority of participants believed that anti‐depressant medication would be helpful.

Conclusions

Information concerning treatments that are effective for eating disorders should be included in prevention programs. Collaborations between mental health specialists and primary health providers are vital to ensure the optimal treatment of eating‐disordered behavior. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 62–68, 2004.
Reduction of food cravings through concurrent visuospatial processing
Authors: Kemps Eva , Tiggemann Marika , Woods Davinia , Soekov Belinda
Published: June 2004

Objective

Two experiments adopted a working memory approach to evaluate the effectiveness of visuospatial tasks as a technique for reducing food cravings.

Method

Dieting and nondieting women were asked to form images of both food‐related and nonfood items, induced by either pictures (Experiment 1) or verbal cues (Experiment 2). They were required to concurrently perform one of three tasks that load on the visuospatial sketch pad of working memory: saccadic eye movements, dynamic visual noise, or spatial tapping.

Results

In support of the working memory model of limited visuospatial capacity, concurrent visuospatial activity reduced the vividness of food‐related images which, in turn, reduced the intensity of the associated craving. The same pattern of results was observed across dieters and nondieters and for all stimulus types.

Discussion

Visuospatial tasks may provide a useful technique for the treatment of food craving episodes in both nonclinical and clinical populations. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 31–40, 2004.
Evaluation of a school‐based program designed to improve body image satisfaction, global self‐esteem, and eating attitudes and behaviors: A replication study
Authors: McVey Gail L. , Davis Ron , Tweed Stacey , Shaw Brian F.
Published: June 2004

Objective

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a life‐skills promotion program designed to improve body image satisfaction and global self‐esteem, while reducing negative eating attitudes and behaviors and feelings of perfectionism, all of which have been identified as predisposing factors to disordered eating.

Method

A total of 258 girls with a mean age of 11.8 years (intervention group = 182 and control group = 76) completed questionnaires before, and 1 week after, the six‐session school‐based program, and again 6 and 12 months later.

Results

The intervention was successful in improving body image satisfaction and global self‐esteem and in reducing dieting attitude scores at postintervention only. The gains were not maintained at the 12‐month follow‐up.

Discussion

The need to assess the influence of health promotion programs on predisposing risk factors, compared with problem‐based outcome measures, is discussed. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 1–11, 2004.
Nonresponse bias in a general population survey of eating‐disordered behavior
Authors: Mond Jonathan M. , Rodgers Bryan , Hay Phillipa J. , Owen Cathy , Beumont Pierre J. V.
Published: June 2004

Objective

To investigate nonresponse bias in a two‐phase epidemiologic study of eating‐disordered behavior.

Method

Self‐report questionnaires were delivered to a community sample of women aged 18–45 drawn from the electoral roll. Follow‐up interviews were completed with a subgroup of respondents. Eating disorder psychopathology, general physical and mental health, and sociodemographic characteristics were compared among early (n = 259) and late (n = 71) respondents at the first phase of the study and among individuals with whom interviews were completed (n = 208) and individuals declining to be interviewed (n = 63) at the second phase.

Results

With respect to levels of eating disorder psychopathology, and on all other measures, individuals who responded at the first phase of the study only after repeated reminders did not differ from those who responded to the initial mailout, and individuals who declined to be interviewed did not differ from individuals with whom interviews were completed.

Conclusions

Nonresponse bias among individuals declining to be interviewed is unlikely to pose a problem in two‐phase epidemiologic studies of eating disorders. Further research is needed to examine the characteristics of nonrespondents at the first phase of such studies. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 89–98, 2004.
Comparing two measures of eating restraint in bulimic women treated with cognitive‐behavioral therapy
Authors: Safer Debra L. , Agras W. Stewart , Lowe Michael R. , Bryson Susan
Published: June 2004

Objective

To examine changes in dietary restraint patterns revealed by the Eating Disorders Examination Restraint subscale (EDE‐R) and the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire Cognitive Restraint scale (TFEQ‐CR) in a large sample of women with bulimia nervosa (BN) who completed 18 weeks of cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT).

Method

Data from 134 subjects were obtained from a larger study and analyzed using repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

The EDE‐R showed statistically and clinically significant decreases post‐CBT, whereas the TFEQ‐CR did not change significantly.

Discussion

This is the first study to directly compare the EDE‐R and TFEQ‐CR before and after CBT in the same population. The contrasting results suggest the two measures tap different aspects of the dietary restraint construct. The EDE‐R may primarily reflect dieting to lose weight whereas the TFEQ‐CR may reflect dieting to avoid weight gain. In assessing changes in dietary restraint targeted by CBT for BN, the TFEQ‐CR appears less useful. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 83–88, 2004.
Predictors of rehospitalization after total weight recovery in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Castro Josefina , Gila Araceli , Puig Josefa , Rodriguez Sonia , Toro Josep
Published: June 2004

Objective

The current study analyzed the variables related to rehospitalization after total weight recovery in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Method

One hundred and one patients first admitted for inpatient treatment, aged 11–19 years, were followed up for 12 months after discharge.

Results

Twenty‐five subjects (24.8%) required readmission after complete weight recovery and 76 (75.2%) did not. Duration of disorder, weight loss, body mass index at first admission, and global body image distortion were similar in the two groups. Patients needing readmission had a lower rate of weight gain (p < .001), a lower mean age (p = .007), a higher mean score on the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT; p = .009), and a higher percentage of hips overestimation (p = .049). In a stepwise logistic regression analysis, these three variables predicted readmission and correctly classified 77.6% of patients. Taken as discrete variables, age younger than 15 years old, EAT score above 55, and a rate of weight gain lower than 150 grams per day were associated with a higher percentage of readmissions.

Discussion

The variables most clearly related to readmission were young age, abnormal eating attitudes, and a low rate of weight gain. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 22–30, 2004.
Osteoporosis in Chinese patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Wong Samuel , Au Betty , Lau Edith , Lee Yvonne , Sham Aprille , Lee Sing
Published: June 2004

Objective

A case‐control study was conducted to determine whether bone mass is reduced in Chinese patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and to study the risk factors for low bone mass in the same population.

Method

Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and hip was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in 42 AN patients and 221 controls.

Results

Patients with AN had a significantly lower BMD in the total hip and spine compared with controls (p < .001). In AN patients, linear regression showed that lowest body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with BMD in the hip (p = .04) whereas duration of illness was negatively associated with BMD in the hip (p = .05).

Discussion

Chinese patients with AN are at risk of low BMD. Duration of illness and lowest BMI were significant predictors of reduced BMD in Chinese patients with AN. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 104–108, 2004.
Suicide in anorexia nervosa: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Pompili Maurizio , Mancinelli Iginia , Girardi Paolo , Ruberto Amedeo , Tatarelli Roberto
Published: June 2004

Objective

Suicide is a major cause of death among subjects with anorexia nervosa, but the rate of suicide among this population is very often underestimated. We conducted a meta‐analysis to compare data reported in representative studies of suicide in anorexia nervosa with data for the general population.

Method

We searched the Index Medicus until 2002 through MedLine. We also searched the World Health Statistics Annual to ascertain the suicide rate in the age group 14–25 for specific years and country.

Results

We selected nine studies comprising 1,536 patients. Of these patients, 36 committed suicide. Results obtained for each study were processed together to calculate the mean figure for each year of suicides for 100,000 individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa.

Discussion

Our meta‐analysis shows that suicide among patients with anorexia nervosa is more frequent when compared with the general population. All study analyses, except one, reported that the patients with anorexia nervosa committed suicide more often than their counterparts in the general population. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 99–103, 2004.
Anorexia nervosa and gender identity disorder in biologic males: A report of two cases
Authors: Winston Anthony P. , Acharya Sudha , Chaudhuri Shreemantee , Fellowes Lynette
Published: June 2004

Gender identity disorder is a rare disorder of uncertain etiology. The emphasis on body shape in this disorder suggests that there may be an association with anorexia nervosa.

Method

We report two cases of anorexia nervosa and gender identity disorder in biologic males who presented to an eating disorders service.

Results

One was treated successfully as an outpatient and subsequently underwent gender reassignment surgery. The other patient required admission and prolonged psychotherapy.

Discussion

Differences between the two cases are discussed. Issues of gender identity should be considered in the assessment of male patients presenting with anorexia nervosa. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 109–113, 2004.
Accuracy in the estimation of body weight: An alternate test of the motivated‐distortion hypothesis
Authors: Vartanian Lenny R. , Herman C. Peter , Polivy Janet
Published: June 2004

Objective

Inaccuracies in self‐reported weight are believed to represent a motivated distortion, but cognitive or perceptual biases have not been excluded. We examined the ability of participants to estimate the weight of a target person as a means of distinguishing between motivated distortions and perceptual biases.

Method

Participants (restrained eaters and unrestrained eaters; women and men) estimated the weight of a target individual, which was compared with the actual weight of the target individual.

Results

Restrained and unrestrained eaters did not differ in their estimates of the target's weight, and men underestimated the target's weight to a greater extent than did women.

Discussion

The pattern of inaccuracies observed does not parallel those found in research on self‐reported weight. This observation suggests that perceptual biases do not explain inaccuracies in self‐reported weight and that such inaccuracies may be the result of motivated distortions. Issues regarding data analysis and presentation are also discussed. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 69–75, 2004.
Predictors of the accuracy of self‐reported height and weight in adolescent female school students
Authors: Abraham Suzanne , Luscombe Georgina , Boyd Catherine , Olesen Inger
Published: June 2004

Objective

The authors investigated predictors of the accuracy of self‐reported values of body weight and height in adolescent females.

Method

Self‐reported and measured weight and height values were obtained for 683 school students aged 11–18 years. Predictors of accuracy were determined for self‐reported weight, height, and body mass index (BMI; based on self‐reported values).

Results

Self‐reported weight was underestimated. This was most likely for students with higher BMI values and actual weight. Younger, early pubertal and premenarcheal students were most likely to underestimate their height whereas older, postmenarcheal (more than 3 years) students were most likely to overestimate their height. The more exercise reported, the more accurate the height estimation. This translates to a greater underestimation of BMI as adolescents become older, have a longer duration since menarche, and exercise more.

Discussion

When accurate information is required, clinicians should measure height and weight, particularly if the adolescent female is perimenarcheal or appears to differ from population averages for height and weight. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 76–82, 2004.
Perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and self‐esteem in predicting bulimic symptomatology: Lack of replication
Authors: Shaw Heather E. , Stice Eric , Springer David W.
Published: June 2004

Objective

Few prospective studies have tested multivariate models of bulimic pathology development, but two studies have found support for a Perfectionism × Body Dissatisfaction × Self‐Esteem etiologic model (Vohs, K.D., Bardone, A.M., Joiner, T.E., Abramson, L.Y., & Heatherton, T.F., 1999;108:695–700; Vohs et al., 2001;20:476–497). The current study sought to provide an independent replication of these promising findings.

Method

Data from 496 adolescent girls that were followed prospectively over a 1‐year period were used to test this predictive model.

Results

Although our study should have provided a more sensitive test of this model because we used a sample at higher risk for bulimic symptom increases, more sensitive diagnostic interviews, a longer follow‐up period, and a larger sample, the three‐way interaction did not predict subsequent increases in bulimic symptoms.

Discussion

Results suggest that the predictive power of this interactive model may not be as robust as previously believed. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 41–47, 2004.
Efficacy of sertraline for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Sloan Denise M. , Mizes J. Scott , Helbok Craig , Muck Rebekah
Published: June 2004

Objective

The current study examined the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.

Method

Eighteen women enrolled in an 8‐week open trial of sertaline. Eating disorder psychopathology and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and at the end of the trial using both semistructured interviews and self‐report questionnaires.

Results

Findings indicated significant reductions in eating disorder psychopathology, including the number of binges and purges per week, as well as significant reductions in depressive symptoms. In addition, participants did not experience significant weight gain or any other sertraline side effect assessed at the end of the trial compared with baseline.

Discussion

Findings from the current study indicate that sertraline is efficacious in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. A double‐blind controlled trial of sertraline is recommended for future research. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 48–54, 2004.
Is major depressive disorder or dysthymia more strongly associated with bulimia nervosa?
Authors: Perez Marisol , Joiner Thomas E. , Lewinsohn Peter M.
Published: June 2004

Objective

Research on adult samples has found that the comorbidity between depression and eating disorders exceeds the comorbidity of any other Axis I disorder and eating disorders. Few studies have investigated the specific associations of major depression versus dysthymia with eating disorders.

Method

This sample consisted of 937 adolescents who were repeatedly assessed until the age of 24.

Results

Analyses revealed that dysthymia was a stronger correlate with bulimia than major depression, even while controlling for other mood disorders and a history of depression and dysthymia.

Conclusions

The presence of dysthymia in adolescence might be a possible risk factor for the development of bulimia nervosa. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord 36: 55–61, 2004.
Patterns of weight change after treatment for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Carter Frances A. , McIntosh Virginia V.W. , Joyce Peter R. , Gendall Kelly A. , Frampton Christopher M.A. , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: June 2004

Objective

The current study examined changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) at 5‐year follow‐up among women treated for bulimia nervosa.

Method

The study comprised 80 women who had participated in a randomized clinical trial evaluating cognitive‐behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa. The women had attended assessments at posttreatment and at 5‐year follow‐up while not pregnant.

Results

Changes in mean weight and BMI between posttreatment and 5‐year follow‐up were small in absolute terms and were not statistically significant. However, by the 5‐year follow‐up, approximately one half of the participants had either lost (31%) or gained (18%) 5 or more kilograms or were underweight (31%) or overweight (24%) as defined by BMI. Univariate analyses suggest that it is the patients who gain weight over the follow‐up that are distinctive. Patients who gained weight over the follow‐up were more likely to have commenced menstruation at a younger age, to have a lifetime history of being heavier, and to have been heavier and more dissatisfied with their body at pretreatment, posttreatment, and at 5‐year follow‐up.

Conclusion

Five years after treatment for bulimia nervosa, approximately one half of the participants had changed substantially in weight. For those who had changed, weight loss was more common than weight gain. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 12–21, 2004.
Gabriella Milos, Anja Spindler, Ulrich Schnyder, et al. Incidence of severe anorexia nervosa in switzerland: 40 years of development. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2004; 35(3):250–258
Authors: Milos Gabriella , Spindler Anja , Schnyder Ulrich , Martz Jan , Hoek Hans Wijbrand , Willi Jürg
Published: June 2004

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in International Journal of Eating Disorders (2004) 35(3):250–258
Mechanistic Tuning of Hydrocarbon Oxidations with H2O2, Catalyzed by Hexacoordinate Ferrous Complexes
Authors: Mekmouche Yasmina , Ménage Stéphane , Pécaut Jacques , Lebrun Colette , Reilly Lee , Schuenemann Volker , Trautwein Alfred , Fontecave Marc
Published: June 2004

A comparison of the catalytic properties of a series of FeIILXY complexes on oxidation reactions with H2O2, [L = N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl‐methyl)‐N,N′‐bis(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine] indicates that the lability of the X and Y ligands (Cl− or CH3CN) determines the nature of the oxidation pathway. The absence of a labile site in the complex, i.e. when X = Y = Cl−, causes the reaction to proceed via a Fenton pathway (generation of hydroxyl radicals, exclusively). The presence of two labile CH3CN ligands (X = Y = CH3CN) allows the catalysis to proceed through a metal‐based mechanism, whereas in the case of a complex with only one labile ligand (X = Cl− and Y = CH3CN), the reaction is less controlled by the metal. We wish to emphasize that the cleavage of the O−O bond in the Fe−OOH moeity, a key intermediate in the reaction, is different in the last two cases. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
(Pyrazole)silver(I) and ‐gold(I) Complexes with Strong and Weak Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions as the Basis of One‐ or Two‐Dimensional Structures
Authors: Gallego M. Luz , Ovejero Paloma , Cano Mercedes , Heras José V. , Campo José A. , Pinilla Elena , Torres M. Rosario
Published: June 2004

New AuI/AgI complexes containing one or two substituted pyrazole ligands [Au(Hpzbp2)(PPh3)](p‐CH3C6H4SO3) [Hpzbp2 = 3,5‐bis(4‐n‐butoxyphenyl)pyrazole] (1) and [M(HpzR2)2]nX [HpzR2 = Hpzbp2, M = Au, n = 1, X = p‐CH3C6H4SO3 (2), NO3− (3); n = 2, X = 1,5‐naphthalenedisulfonate (1,5nds) (4); HpzR2 = Hpzbp2, M = Ag, n = 1, X = BF4− (5), CF3SO3− (6); HpzR2 = HpzNO2 (3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐nitropyrazole), M = Ag, n = 1, X = BF4− (7), CF3SO3− (8)], have been prepared and characterized. Compounds 1, 2, 5 and 8 have been proved to be useful for supramolecular assembly from their single X‐ray diffraction analysis. In all cases strong hydrogen bonds maintain the cationic units bonded to their corresponding counterions. The crystal packing arrangement of 1, 2 and 5 is, however, determined by weak C−H···O/F hydrogen‐bonding interactions involving the remaining O/F atoms of the counterion. By contrast, for 8 a two‐dimensional layer‐type polymeric network is formed by π···π (NO2···NO2) and coordinative Ag···O interactions in which the NO2 substituent on the pyrazole is implicated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
An Attempt to Programme the Orientation of Bis(heterocyclic) Azine Heterotopic Sequences around AgI, CuI and ZnII Metal Centres
Authors: Mathieu Julien , Ghermani Noureddine , Bouhmaida Nouzha , Fenet Bernard , Marsura Alain
Published: June 2004

Four novel bis(heterocyclic) sequences, which incorporate a 2,2′‐bipyridine system with the 2,2′‐bithiazole, 4,4′‐bithiazole, 2,2′‐bipyrazine or 4,4′‐bipyrimidine units, have been synthesized. In the presence of stoichiometric amounts of CuI, AgI or ZnII cations, fully oriented discrete head‐to‐head (H‐H) or head‐to‐tail (H‐T) species have been observed by NMR and X‐ray crystallography. The orientation of the ligands in the AgI, CuI or Zn II dinuclear complexes during the self‐assembly process appears to be under the control of electronic factors relating to the electronic configuration of the different bis(heterocyclic) sequences. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A Study of the Electronic Spin‐State Crossover in {Fe[HC(3,4,5‐Me3pz)3]2}(BF4)2
Authors: Reger Daniel L. , Elgin J. Derek , Smith Mark D. , Grandjean Fernande , Rebbouh Leila , Long Gary J.
Published: June 2004

The synthesis, structural, magnetic, and Mössbauer spectroscopic properties of {Fe[HC(3,4,5‐Me3pz)3]2}(BF4)2 are reported. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure results indicate that at 150 K {Fe[HC(3,4,5‐Me3pz)3]2}(BF4)2 has a structure which is very similar to that observed at 220 K for the trigonally distorted octahedral, high‐spin {Fe[HC(3,5‐Me2pz)3]2}(BF4)2 complex. Both the magnetic and Mössbauer spectroscopic results indicate that {Fe[HC(3,4,5‐Me3pz)3]2}(BF4)2 is high spin between 160 and 296 K. Upon cooling, {Fe[HC(3,4,5‐Me3pz)3]2}(BF4)2 exhibits a complete electronic spin‐state crossover from the high‐spin to the low‐spin state at approximately 110 K and remains completely low spin down to 4.2 K; upon subsequent warming from 4.2 K, the transition from the low‐spin to the high‐spin state occurs at 148 to 150 K. {Fe[HC(3,4,5‐Me3pz)3]2}(BF4)2 exhibits a rather large thermal hysteresis of 38 K in its spin‐state crossover. Thus, {Fe[HC(3,4,5‐Me3pz)3]2}(BF4)2 behaves differently from both {Fe[HC(3,5‐Me2pz)3]2}(BF4)2, which is known to show a unique spin‐state crossover of one‐half of its iron(II) ions associated with a phase transition, and Fe[HB(3,4,5‐Me3pz)3]2, which is known to remain high‐spin even upon cooling to 1.7 K. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis and Theoretical Studies of a Double Helical Complex with the Ligand 4′,4′′′‐Bis(ferrocenyl)‐2,2′:6′,2′′:6′′,2′′′:6′′′,2′′′′‐quinquepyridine
Authors: Aguado Javier E. , Calhorda Maria José , Costa Paulo J. , Crespo Olga , Félix Vitor , Gimeno M. Concepción , Jones Peter G. , Laguna Antonio
Published: June 2004

4′,4′′′‐Bis(ferrocenyl)‐2,2′:6′,2′′:6′′,2′′′:6′′′,2′′′′‐quinquepyridine (Fc2qpy) reacts with AgOTf (OTf = trifluoromethylsulfonate) to give a complex of stoichiometry [Ag(Fc2qpy)]OTf. The crystal structure reveals a dinuclear arrangement among the cations with an Ag···Ag close contact of 3.089(2) Å. The ligands are wrapped around the silver atoms in a double helical array. Further hydrogen bonding between triflate units and the protons of the ferrocene or pyridine moieties results in a supramolecular structure. Theoretical studies confirm the existence of a weak Ag−Ag bond, and show that the dinuclear form can be more stable than the mononuclear one, when there is a favorable balance between the reorganization energy of the two quinquepyridine chains and the energy released by the formation of stronger Ag−N bonds and the new Ag−Ag interaction in the helix. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Homolysis of the Ln−N (Ln = Yb, Eu) Bond − Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity of Ytterbium(II) and Europium(II) Complexes Having (Dimethylamino)propyl‐ and (Dimethylamino)ethyl‐Functionalized Indenyl Ligands
Authors: Sheng Enhong , Zhou Shuangliu , Wang Shaowu , Yang Gaosheng , Wu Yongyong , Feng Yan , Mao Lili , Huang Zixiang
Published: June 2004

We have synthesized a new series of ytterbium(II) and europium(II) complexes by tandem silylamine elimination/homolysis of Ln−N (Ln = Yb, Eu) bonds. The interaction of 2 equiv. of C9H7CH2CH2CH2NMe2 (1) with [(Me3Si)2N]3Ln(μ‐Cl)Li(THF)3 (Ln = Yb, Eu) in toluene under reflux produced lanthanide(II) complexes [(η5:η1‐C9H6CH2CH2CH2NMe2)2Ln] [Ln = Yb (2), Eu(3)] in 67 and 74% yields, respectively. Treatment of 2 equiv. of Me2Si(Me2NCH2CH2C9H6)(NHtBu) with [(Me3Si)2N]3Eu(μ‐Cl)Li(THF)3 in toluene at 80 °C afforded a europium(II) complex [η5:η1‐Me2Si(Me2NCH2CH2C9H5)(NHtBu)]2Eu·(OC4H8)0.5 (4) in 46% yield. The interaction of 2 equiv. of Me2NCH2CH2C9H6SiMe3 with [(Me3Si)2N]3Eu(μ‐Cl)Li(THF)3 produced a europium(II) compound [η5:η1‐(Me2NCH2CH2C9H5SiMe3)]2Eu (5) in 49% yield. Treatment of 2 equiv. of Me2NCH2CH2C9H7 with [(Me3Si)2N]3Eu(μ‐Cl)Li(THF)3 in toluene gave a europium(II) complex (η5:η1‐Me2NCH2CH2C9H6)2Eu (6) in 57% yield. All the compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. The structures of the complexes 4, 5, and 6 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. The catalytic activities of organometallic complexes were examined; we found that all of the complexes can function as single‐component MMA polymerization catalysts with good activity. We studied the effects of solvent and temperature on the catalytic activities and the stereochemistries of the polymers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis and Characterization of Cubane‐Like Cr4E4 (E = S, Se) Clusters − Molecular Structures of (η5‐RC5H4)4Cr4E4 (E = S, R = MeCO, MeO2C, EtO2C; E = Se, R = H)
Authors: Song Li‐Cheng , Cheng Hua‐Wei , Chen Xin , Hu Qing‐Mei
Published: June 2004

Treatment of the Cr−Cr singly‐bonded dimers [η5‐RC5H4Cr(CO)3]2 (1, R = MeCO; 2, R = MeO2C; 3, R = EtO2C) with excess sulfur in refluxing THF gave the cubane Cr4S4 clusters (η5‐RC5H4)4Cr4S4 (4, R = MeCO; 5, R = MeO2C; 6, R = EtO2C). The cubane Cr4S4 cluster 4 reacted with excess 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine to produce the hydrazone derivative [η5−2,4‐(NO2)2C6H3NHN=C(Me)C5H4]4Cr4S4 (7). The singly‐bonded dimers of [η5‐RC5H4Cr(CO)3]2 (8, R = Me; 9, R = EtO2C), in the presence of excess selenium, reacted similarly to the linear Cr2Se complexes [η5‐RC5H4Cr(CO)2]2Se (10, R = Me; 11, R = EtO2C), which reacted with an equimolar quantity of selenium to afford the cubane Cr4Se4 clusters (η5‐RC5H4)4Cr4Se4 (12, R = Me; 13, R = EtO2C). A particularly interesting phenomenon is the cross‐assembled reaction of the linear Cr2Se complexes [η5‐MeC(O)C5H4Cr(CO)2]2Se (14) and [CpCr(CO)2]2Se (15) in the presence of excess selenium in THF that gave rise to a series of cubane Cr4Se4 clusters [η5‐MeC(O)C5H4]nCp4−nCr4Se4 (16, n = 0; 17, n = 1; 18, n = 2; 19, n = 3; 20, n = 4). The possible pathway for the cross‐assembled reaction is suggested. Furthermore the new clusters were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy, and in the case of 4−6 and 16 also by X‐ray diffraction techniques. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Syntheses and Molecular Structures of Novel Alkali Metal Tetraorganylcyclopentaphosphanides and Tetraorganyltetraphosphane‐1,4‐diides
Authors: Wolf Robert , Schisler Andrea , Lönnecke Peter , Jones Cameron , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: June 2004

The reaction of sodium with RPCl2 and PCl3 (12:4:1) in THF gives Na[cyclo‐(P5R4)] [R = iPr (1), Ph (2)], while four equivalents of RPCl2 [R = Ph, 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2 (Mes), tBu] react with ten equivalents of sodium sand or elemental potassium in refluxing THF to yield the compounds [Na2(THF)5(P4Ph4)] (3), [Na2(THF)4(P4Mes4)] (4), and [Na2(THF)4(P4tBu4)] (5), or the potassium salt [K2(THF)6(P4Mes4)] (6). Recrystallizing 6 from 1,4‐dioxane/pentane (1:3) also led to [{K(L)2}2{K(L)}6(P4Mes4)4·0.5THF]∞ (L = 1,4‐dioxane) (7). In the solid state, compounds 3−6 exist as isolated ion‐contact complexes, in which the P4 chain of the (P4R4)2− ligand has a syn arrangement, while a polymeric helical arrangement was observed for 7. A minor product, [{K(pmdeta)(HP3Mes3)}2{K2(P4Mes4)}]·0.25hexane (8), was isolated from the reaction of MesPCl2 and K (1:2.5). Compound 8 contains the first structurally characterized example of a triphosphanide anion, (HP3Mes3)−, besides K2(P4Mes4). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Lithium and Potassium Amides of Sterically Demanding Aminopyridines
Authors: Scott Natalie M. , Schareina Thomas , Tok Oleg , Kempe Rhett
Published: June 2004

The reaction of Grignard compounds of 1‐bromo‐2,4,6‐diisopropylbenzene (1) or 1‐bromo‐2,6‐dimethylbenzene (2), formed in situ, with 2,6‐dibromopyridine in the presence of a catalytic amount of [(dme)NiBr2] (dme = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane) and tricyclohexylphosphane (1:2 ratio) leads to the corresponding monoarylated bromopyridines. These bromopyridines undergo Pd‐catalysed aryl amination (Buchwald−Hartwig amination) with 2,6‐diisopropylaniline giving rise to (2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)[6‐(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]amine (Ap*H) and (2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)[6‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]amine (Ap′H) (Ap = aminopyridinate). Deprotonation of Ap*H in diethyl ether using BuLi results (after workup in hexane) in a colourless crystalline material. X‐ray structural analysis reveals it to be a monomeric three‐coordinate lithium aminopyridinate. In toluene solution, an equilibrium between [(Ap*Li)2] (in excess at room temperature) and [Ap*Li(OEt2)] (prominent at low temperature) is observed. Reaction of Ap′H with BuLi in diethyl ether gives rise to [Ap*LiAp*Li(OEt2)]. Deprotonation of Ap*H and Ap′H using KH leads to [Ap*K]n and [Ap′K]∞, respectively. [Ap′K]∞ is a rare example of a crystalline organometallic polymer, as determined by X‐ray analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
NMR Evidence for Major Groove Binding of Both Λ‐ and Δ‐[Ru(bpy)2(pqx)](PF6)2 to the Oligonucleotide d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2
Authors: Garoufis Achilleas , Malandrinos Gerasimos , Hadjiliadis Nick
Published: June 2004

The enantiomeric complexes Λ‐ and Δ‐[Ru(bpy)2(pqx)](PF6)2 [pqx = 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)quinoxaline] were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Their binding properties to the oligonucleotide duplex d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 were subsequently studied by NMR spectroscopy. 1D and 2D NMR techniques provided evidence for major‐groove binding of both enantiomers with the oligonucleotide. The Δ‐[Ru(bpy)2(pqx)](PF6)2 enantiomer binds more deeply enantiomer to the oligonucleotide than the Λone. The quinoxalinic moiety of the pqx ligand faces the major groove in the Δ complex and is oriented at the external side of the adduct in the Λ complex. Both complexes show some affinity for the T8C9 base sequence of the dodecanucleotide helix. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
3,7‐Dioxa‐1‐azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes Substituted at the C‐5 Position − From Local to Global Stereochemistry
Authors: Darabantu Mircea , Maiereanu Carmen , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Ioan , Toupet Loïc , Condamine Eric , Ramondenc Yvan , Berghian Camelia , Plé Gérard , Plé Nelly
Published: June 2004

Multiple approaches are described for the elucidation of the stereochemistry in solution (high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy) and in the solid state (X‐ray diffractometry) that are based on ab initio calculations (level RHF/6‐31G*) of some representative 3,7‐dioxa‐1‐azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes. The results are presented in terms of conformational analysis, anomeric effects, chelating properties and aggregation phenomena. The significance of these findings with respect to diastereoselective synthesis is discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
First Generation Cysteine‐ and Methionine‐Derived Oxazolidine and Thiazolidine Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylations
Authors: Schneider Paulo H. , Schrekker Henri S. , Silveira Claudio C. , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Braga Antonio L.
Published: June 2004

A new series of enantiopure oxazolidine‐thioether and thiazolidine‐alcohol ligands have been synthesized from L‐cysteine, S‐methyl‐L‐cysteine, and L‐methionine in a straightforward manner that allows numerous structural variations to be formed. These types of ligands have not previously been used in asymmetric palladium‐catalyzed allylations and their efficacy was explored in the reaction of rac‐1,3‐diphenyl‐2‐propenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate. The reaction proceeds in excellent yield and with good enantioselectivity. The palladium catalyst derived from N‐benzyl‐2,2‐dimethyl‐4‐(2‐thiapropyl)oxazolidine (12) provides the allylation product in a quantitative yield and with an enantiomeric excess of 94%. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The Convenient Synthesis of Hydrogen‐Bonded Ureidopyrimidinones
Authors: Keizer Henk M. , Sijbesma Rint P. , Meijer E. W.
Published: June 2004

Blocked isocytosine isocyanates are conveniently obtained by the reaction of 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) with isocytosines. The resulting precursors for quadruple hydrogen‐bonded structures can be isolated and stored for further use. Reaction with either aliphatic or aromatic amines gives the corresponding mono‐, bi‐, or trifunctional ureidopyrimidinone derivatives in good to excellent isolated yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)