bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative temporal proteomic analysis of human embryonic stem cell differentiation into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
Authors: Chaerkady Raghothama , Letzen Brian , Renuse Santosh , Sahasrabuddhe Nandini A. , Kumar Praveen , All Angelo H. , Thakor Nitish V. , Delanghe Bernard , Gearhart John D. , Pandey Akhilesh , Kerr Candace L.
Published: July 2011

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are glial cells of the central nervous system, which produce myelin. Cultured OLs provide immense therapeutic opportunities for treating a variety of neurological conditions. One of the most promising sources for such therapies is human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as well as providing a model to study human OL development. For these purposes, an investigation of proteome level changes is critical for understanding the process of OL differentiation. In this report, an iTRAQ‐based quantitative proteomic approach was used to study multiple steps during OL differentiation including neural progenitor cells, glial progenitor cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) compared to undifferentiated ESCs. Using a 1% false discovery rate cutoff, ∼3145 proteins were quantitated and several demonstrated progressive stage‐specific expression. Proteins such as transferrin, neural cell adhesion molecule 1, apolipoprotein E and wingless‐related MMTV integration site 5A showed increased expression from the neural progenitor cell to the OPC stage. Several proteins that have demonstrated evidence or been suspected in OL maturation were also found upregulated in OPCs including fatty acid‐binding protein 4, THBS1, bone morphogenetic protein 1, CRYAB, transferrin, tenascin C, COL3A1, TGFBI and EPB41L3. Thus, by providing the first extensive proteomic profiling of human ESC differentiation into OPCs, this study provides many novel proteins that are potentially involved in OL development.
Transferring network topological knowledge for predicting protein–protein interactions
Authors: Xu Qian , Xiang Evan Wei , Yang Qiang
Published: July 2011

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play an important role in cellular processes within a cell. An important task is to determine the existence of interactions among proteins. Unfortunately, the existing biological experimental techniques are expensive, time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. The network structures of many such networks are sparse, incomplete and noisy. Thus, state‐of‐the‐art methods for link prediction in these networks often cannot give satisfactory prediction results, especially when some networks are extremely sparse. Noticing that we typically have more than one PPI network available, we naturally wonder whether it is possible to ‘transfer’ the linkage knowledge from some existing, relatively dense networks to a sparse network, to improve the prediction performance. Noticing that a network structure can be modeled using a matrix model, we introduce the well‐known collective matrix factorization technique to ‘transfer’ usable linkage knowledge from relatively dense interaction network to a sparse target network. Our approach is to establish a correspondence between a source network and a target network via network‐wide similarities. We test this method on two real PPI networks, Helicobacter pylori (as a target network) and human (as a source network). Our experimental results show that our method can achieve higher performance as compared with some baseline methods.
Conformational analysis of 4,4‐dimethyl‐1‐(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)‐1,4‐azasilinane and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)‐1,4,2,6‐oxazadisilinane
Authors: Shainyan Bagrat A. , Suslova Elena N. , Kleinpeter Erich
Published: July 2011

4,4‐Dimethyl‐1‐(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)‐1,4‐azasilinane 1 and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)‐1,4,2,6‐oxazadisilinane 2 were studied by variable temperature dynamic 1H, 13C, 19F NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations at the DFT (density functional theory) and MP2 (Møller‐Plesset 2) levels of theory. Both kinetic (barriers to ring inversion) and thermodynamic data (frozen conformational equilibria) could be obtained for the two compounds. The computations revealed two minima on the potential energy surface for molecules 1 and 2 corresponding to the rotamers with the CF3SO2 group directed ‘inward’ and ‘outward’ the ring, the latter being 0.2–0.4 kcal/mol (for 1) and 1.1 kcal/mol (for 2) more stable than the former. The vibrational calculations at the DFT and MP2 levels of theory give the values of the free energy difference ΔGo for the ‘inward’ ‘outward’ equilibrium consistent with those determined from the experimentally measured ratio of the rotamers. The structure of crystalline compound 2 was ascertained by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppression of composition modulation in In‐rich InxGa1−xN layer with high In content (x ∼ 0.67)
Authors: Jeong Myoungho , Lee Hyo Sung , Han Seok Kyu , Shin Eun‐Jung , Hong Soon‐Ku , Lee Jeong Yong , Song Jung‐Hoon , Yao Takafumi
Published: July 2011

The composition modulation of in In‐rich InxGa1−xN layers with an indium content as high as ∼67% was suppressed in plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy on c‐sapphire substrates. It was found that the higher nitrogen plasma flow rate was very effective in suppression of composition modulation in In‐rich InGaN layers. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopic images clearly showed disappearance of composition modulation with increasing the nitrogen flow rate.
Fabrication of high open‐circuit voltage a‐Si1–xOx:H solar cells by using p‐a‐Si1–xOx:H as window layer
Authors: Inthisang Sorapong , Krajangsang Taweewat , Yunaz Ihsanul Afdi , Yamada Akira , Konagai Makoto , Wronski Christopher R.
Published: July 2011

We have deposited p‐type hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (p‐a‐Si1‐xOx:H) by 13.56 MHz radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF‐PECVD) using a gas mixture of silane (SiH4), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and diborane (B2H6). Optical and electrical characterization showed that high quality wide optical band‐gap (Eopt) p‐a‐Si1‐xOx:H films could be achieved by using low doping concentration and high H2 dilution. We also fabricated a‐Si1‐xOx:H single‐junction p‐i‐n solar cells by using p‐a‐Si1‐xOx:H and intrinsic a‐Si1‐xOx:H as window and absorber layer, respectively. These solar cells exhibited open circuit voltages of over 1.05 V and good short‐circuit currents as well as fill factors (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Testing and failure analysis of thin film solar cells
Authors: Boit Christian , Boostandoost Mahyar , Friedrich Felice , Glowacki Arkadiusz
Published: July 2011

Elements of a systematic concept for test, characterization and analysis of thin film solar cells is discussed that is based on application and comparison of respective techniques in the world of micro‐ and nanoelectronic technologies, Starting with test and reliability issues, in depth electrical characterization like activation energy analysis from reverse dark currents, is presented. Analysis techniques that belong to the concept require electrically active devices and include all aspects of luminescence and stimulation. A key topic in electronic devices, Focused Ion Beam based Device or Circuit Edit, is also evaluated for application in thin film photovoltaics. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of the absorber layer for a‐Si:H and a‐Si1–xGex:H single‐junction solar cells
Authors: Tsai C. C. , Hsu C. H. , Hsu H. J. , Cheng P. H. , Wang C. M. , Huang Y. T.
Published: July 2011

This paper focuses on the optimization of the absorber layers in single‐junction a‐Si:H and a‐Si1‐xGex:H solar cells. For a‐Si:H thin‐film solar cells, we have found the electrode‐to‐substrate (E/S) spacing is an important parameter. By optimizing the E/S spacing, the cell efficiency was improved from 7.62% to 8.70% due to an improvement in material quality and JSC. For a‐Si1‐xGex:H solar cells, by optimizing the Ge‐content, the microstructure parameter and the graded bandgap, we were able to improve the cell efficiency to 8.15%. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface nitridation of silicon nano‐particles using double multi‐hollow discharge plasma CVD
Authors: Uchida Giichiro , Yamamoto Kosuke , Kawashima Yuki , Sato Muneharu , Nakahara Kenta , Kamataki Kunihiro , Itagaki Naho , Koga Kazunori , Kondo Michio , Shiratani Masaharu
Published: July 2011

We present production of silicon nano‐particles and their surface nitridation for efficient multiple‐exciton generation. Nitridated silicon nano‐particles were produced using double multi‐hollow discharge plasma CVD, where generation of silicon particles and their nitridation were independently performed using SiH4/H2 and N2 multi‐hollow discharge plasmas. We succeeded in controlling nitrogen content in a silicon nano‐particle by varying a number density of N radicals irradiated to the Si particle. We also observed strong photoluminescence (PL) emission around 300‐500 nm from silicon nano‐particles, where the PL peak energy is about 2.5 and 3.1 eV for pure Si nano‐particles, and 2.5, 3.1, and 4.1 eV for nitridated Si nano‐particles. The additional UV‐peak of 4.1 eV from nitridated Si particles is closely related to the nitridation surface layer on Si nano‐particles (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High energy yield low‐voltage silicon thin‐film solar modules
Authors: Tsai Chin‐Yao , Tsai Chin‐Yi
Published: July 2011

Low‐voltage, 30 V and 70 V, amorphous/microcrystalline tandem silicon thin‐film solar modules with high energy yield have been successfully designed and mass produced from Auria Solar and certificated by TÜV Rheinland. Several key technologies, such as Moon Technology and Hot Technology, were researched, developed, and introduced into the production line to enhance the performance of these low‐voltage modules and narrow their power distribution in mass production. A 900 kW PV system with these low‐voltage panels was installed and its performance ratio has been simulated and projected to be 92.1%, which is much better than the crystalline silicon and CdTe counterparts. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of Various Packaging Films for Mango Export
Authors: Boonruang Kanchana , Chonhenchob Vanee , Singh Sher Paul , Chinsirikul Wannee , Fuongfuchat Asira
Published: July 2011

This study compared the effects of the use of various types of packaging films in maintaining quality, preserving bioactive compounds and extending shelf life of the ‘Nam Dok Mai’ mango. The principal techniques for maintaining the quality of mangoes are based on modified atmosphere packaging using highly gas‐permeable films and an ethylene‐removing mechanism. The films studied were non‐perforated highly gas‐permeable film, non‐perforated ethylene‐absorbing highly gas‐permeable film (HNPE), micro‐perforated highly gas‐permeable films (HMP) and common non‐perforated polyethylene film (LNP). These films were compared with non‐packaging treatment, which served as a control (C). Gas composition (O2, CO2 and C2H4) in the package headspace was monitored during storage at 12°C. The quality of mangoes were assessed by weight loss, colour (L* a* b*), texture, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolics, total flavonoids, ethanol concentration and sensory quality. Equilibrium‐modified atmospheres of 5 kPaO2 + 5 kPaCO2 and 4 kPaO2 + 5 kPaCO2 were achieved in the non‐perforated highly gas‐permeable film and HNPE packs, respectively. Carbon dioxide accumulation was observed in the HMP and LNP packs where CO2 reached 17 and 10 kPa, respectively, after storage for 10 days. The shelf life of mangoes was extended to 40 days with HNPE, 35 days with HNP, and 30 days with HMP, as compared with 20 days with control and 5 days with LNP. HNPE, the film incorporated with fine particles of mordenite framework inverted‐type zeolite with ethylene‐absorbing ability, could further extend the shelf life of mangoes in addition to modified atmosphere packaging alone. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Productivity Study of Digital Printing in the Packaging Industry
Authors: Ryynänen Marko , Sirviö Petri , Tanninen Panu , Lindell Henry
Published: July 2011

In this study, the suitability of digital printing is evaluated in short runs in packaging industry. The image quality of digital printing is high enough to be used in packaging. The advantages of digital printing and modern converting processes include e.g. the possibilities of using variable data, on‐demand manufacturing and cost‐effectiveness within short print runs. The limitations may include a smaller colour gamut compared to traditional presses, format size, productivity and lower printing speed. In addition, the variety of substrates for use is smaller than in traditional printing.

The productivity of the world's first integrated digital printing line designed for short runs was tested by simulating various packaging runs in production. For further analysis, an MS Excel calculation tool was developed. In the calculations, the productivity of a digital packaging line was compared with that of a standard packaging line based on an offline offset printing technique. The cost advantages to be achieved by digital printing techniques in short runs are discussed in two scenarios. The scenarios address the subjects' break‐even point and inline production process.

The results of the study show that it is possible to achieve significant cost savings using the inline digital printing and converting systems when compared with traditional offline manufacturing systems in short runs. However, as there are numerous variables included to the production process, it is impossible to present any exact numbers for the break‐even point. In this study, the break‐even point calculated is estimated to be in the range of 4000–8000 packages, depending on the package and sheet sizes. The greatest difference in price per package occurs when the runs are below 2000 packages. Based on the calculations, the inline process itself can decrease the payback time for the machine line as much as 20–35%.

One significant factor to be mindful of is that when digital printing is used in the short runs, it often releases machine time from the traditional presses. This part of the analysis has not been included in this study, but using the calculation tool, it is easy to simulate different scenarios and perform further analyses on the systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initio effective rotational Hamiltonians: A comparative study
Authors: Cassam‐Chenaï P. , Bouret Y. , Rey M. , Tashkun S. A. , Nikitin A. V. , Tyuterev VL. G.
Published: July 2011

Two independent methods to obtain ab initio effective rotational Hamiltonians have been implemented recently. The first one is based on a generalization of perturbation theory to noncommutative rings, the other one on contact transformation (CT) techniques. In principle, both methods are able to give rotational Hamiltonians including centrifugal distortion effects of arbitrary high orders. These methods are compared, for the first time, in this article with regard to calculations of the rotational levels of methane vibrational ground state. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry applied to petroleum samples analysis: comparison with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization methods
Authors: Panda Saroj K. , Brockmann Klaus‐J. , Benter Thorsten , Schrader Wolfgang
Published: July 2011

The analysis of crude oil samples remains a tough challenge due to the complexity of the matrix and the broad range of physical and chemical properties of the various individual compounds present. In this work, atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI) is utilized as a complementary tool to other ionization techniques for crude oil analysis. Mass spectra obtained with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) are compared. APLI is primarily sensitive towards non‐polar aromatic hydrocarbons, which are generally present in high amounts especially in heavy crude oil samples. The ionization mechanisms of APLI vs. APPI are further investigated. The results indicate the advantages of APLI over established methods like ESI and APPI. The application of APLI in combination with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) is thus demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the analysis of aromatic species in complex crude oil fractions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liposome impaired the adhesion and spreading of HEK293 cells: an AFM study
Authors: Jin Hua , Ma Shuyuan , Song Bing , Ma Lina , Pi Jiang , Chen Xianxian , Chen Yong , Cai Jiye
Published: July 2011

Gene transfer has been proven to be a promising approach for treatment of several diseases. The cytotoxicity of transfection reagents is one of the key factors for clinical applications. The cytotoxicity of liposome has been extensively studied. However, its effects on the adhesion and spreading of transformed cells are still unclear. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of liposome on cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential of HEK293 cells were first evaluated. Then, an atomic force microscope (AFM) was recruited to investigate the effects of liposome on the adhesion and spreading of HEK293 cells. AFM data indicated that liposome induced a significant decrease in number of cellular pseudopodia and cell‐surface particles, in cell‐surface roughness, and in average adhesion force of cell membranes. The AFM data implied that liposome impaired the adhesion and spreading of HEK293 cells. SCANNING 33:413–418, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of thermal annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of magnetron sputtered hydrogenated amorphous carbon films
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhou Yan , Zhang Junyan , Wang Zhou
Published: July 2011

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon films were deposited by magnetron sputtering of a carbon target in a methane/argon atmosphere. A postdeposition annealing at 300 °C was performed and the microstructure, bonding structure and mechanical properties of the as‐deposited and annealed films were analyzed and compared directly by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and nanoindentation. The results showed that the carbon films are quite stable upon annealing, since there are only minor changes in microstructure and chemical bonding in the amorphous matrix. The hardness of the films remained unaffected, but the elastic properties were somewhat deteriorated. In comparison to the outcomes of our previous work on the growth of fullerene‐like hydrogenated carbon films, we can state that the formation of fullerene‐like carbon structures requires different sputtering process conditions, such as a higher ion energy and/or different sputtering target. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of starch acryloylation on the grafting efficiency, adhesion, and film properties of acryloylated starch‐g‐poly(acrylic acid) for warp sizing
Authors: Li Manli , Zhu Zhifeng , Pan Xia
Published: July 2011

In order to enhance the grafting efficiency of graft copolymerization of granular cornstarch with acrylic acid (AA) for improving the adhesion and film properties of starch‐g‐poly(acrylic acid) used as sizing agent, the esterification of hydrolyzed starch with acryloyl chloride was applied before graft copolymerization. The influence of three common initiators on the copolymerization were also studied. The initiators included ceric ammonium nitrate [Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6], hydrogen peroxide/ferrous ammonium sulfate [H2O2/FeSO4 · (NH4)2SO4], and potassium persulfate/sodium bisulfite [K2S2O8/NaHSO3]. It was found that acryloylation of starch before the copolymerization was an effective method for substantially enhancing the grafting efficiency and improving the performances such as adhesion‐to‐fibers and mechanical properties of grafted starch film. The acryloylation could increase the efficiency to 67–81% when the degree of substitution (DS) of acryloylated starch ranged from 0.010 to 0.036. The adhesion to polyester and cotton fibers reached their maximum at DS = 0.010 and 0.022, respectively. Strong and tough film was obtained when the DS value was in a range of 0.010–0.022. H2O2/FeSO4 · (NH4)2SO4 redox system was more appropriate for initiating the copolymerization of acryloylated starch with AA.
Effective Transplantation of Photoreceptor Precursor Cells Selected via Cell Surface Antigen Expression
Authors: Lakowski J. , Han Y.-T. , Pearson R.A. , Gonzalez-Cordero A. , West E.L. , Gualdoni S. , Barber A.C. , Hubank M. , Ali R.R. , Sowden J.C.
Published: July 2011

Retinal degenerative diseases are a major cause of untreatable blindness. Stem cell therapy to replace lost photoreceptors represents a feasible future treatment. We previously demonstrated that postmitotic photoreceptor precursors expressing an NrlGFP transgene integrate into the diseased retina and restore some light sensitivity. As genetic modification of precursor cells derived from stem cell cultures is not desirable for therapy, we have tested cell selection strategies using fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies recognizing cell surface antigens to sort photoreceptor precursors. Microarray analysis of postnatal NrlGFP-expressing precursors identified four candidate genes encoding cell surface antigens (Nt5e, Prom1, Podxl, and Cd24a). To test the feasibility of using donor cells isolated using cell surface markers for retinal therapy, cells selected from developing retinae by fluorescence-activated cell sorting based on Cd24a expression (using CD24 antibody) and/or Nt5e expression (using CD73 antibody) were transplanted into the wild-type or Crb1rd8/rd8 or Prph2rd2/rd2 mouse eye. The CD73/CD24-sorted cells migrated into the outer nuclear layer, acquired the morphology of mature photoreceptors and expressed outer segment markers. They showed an 18-fold higher integration efficiency than that of unsorted cells and 2.3-fold higher than cells sorted based on a single genetic marker, NrlGFP, expression. These proof-of-principle studies show that transplantation competent photoreceptor precursor cells can be efficiently isolated from a heterogeneous mix of cells using cell surface antigens without loss of viability for the purpose of retinal stem cell therapy. Refinement of the selection of donorphotoreceptor precursor cells can increase the number of integrated photoreceptor cells,which is a prerequisite for the restoration of sight.
A portfolio selection model using genetic relation algorithm and genetic network programming
Authors: Chen Yan , Hirasawa Kotaro
Published: July 2011

In this paper, new evolutionary computation methods named genetic relation algorithm (GRA) and genetic network programming (GNP) have been applied to the portfolio selection problem. The number of brands in the stock market is generally very large, therefore, techniques for selecting the effective portfolio are likely to be of interest in the financial field. In order to pick up the most efficient portfolio, the proposed model considers the correlation coefficient between stock brands as strength, which indicates the relation between nodes in GRA. The algorithm evaluates the relationships between stock brands using a specific measure of strength and generates the optimal portfolio in the final generation. Then, the selected portfolio is further optimized by the stock trading model of GNP. In a sense, the proposed model is an integrated intelligent model. A comprehensive analysis of the results is provided, and it is clarified that the proposed model can obtain much higher profits than other traditional methods. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multivariate methods
Authors: Chi Yueh‐Yun
Published: July 2011

Since the early 20th century, the need for multivariate analysis has driven the development of various types of multivariate methods for applications ranging from social science to biomedical research. Multivariate data, as distinguished from univariate and multivariable data, consist of more than one outcome variable measured on a number of subjects. There exist exploratory data analysis methods that aim to extract, summarize, and visualize empirical data information for the purpose of formulating hypotheses as well as confirmatory data analysis methods that allow testing specific research questions and hypotheses. Major exploratory tools for dimension reduction and classification include principal component analysis, canonical correlation, exploratory factor analysis, discriminant, and cluster analysis. Advanced confirmatory modeling techniques encompass general linear multivariate model, mixed model, and structural equation model. This article aims to provide an overview of these methods as well as recent developments in the area of high dimension, low sample size analysis for data from high‐throughput bioassays or high‐resolution medical images. WIREs Comp Stat 2012, 4:35–47. doi: 10.1002/wics.185

This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Evolutionary multiobjective optimization
Authors: Coello Carlos A. Coello
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a very short introduction to multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, including their basic concepts and their main components. The discussion focuses on algorthmic design and, therefore, the issues discussed include selection mechanisms, diversity maintenance mechanisms, and elitism in a multi‐objective context. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 444–447 DOI: 10.1002/widm.43

This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Computational Intelligence
Considerations for using occupancy surveys to monitor forest primates: a case study with Sclater's monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri)
Authors: Baker Lynne R. , Arnold Todd W. , Olubode Oluseun S. , Garshelis David L.
Published: July 2011

Count‐based indices and distance sampling are widely used to monitor primate populations. Indices are often confounded by variation in detectability, whereas distance sampling is generally ineffective with species that flee or hide from observers and where it is difficult to accurately measure detection distances. We tested occupancy modeling as a means to monitor Sclater's monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), an endemic of Nigeria. We evaluated effects of survey methodology, habitat, and human disturbance on detection probability and site occupancy. Average detectability was high (p= 0.81), but varied substantially between two observers. Occupancy was highest in areas with intermediate levels (20–40%) of farmland and secondary forest, and was unaffected by human disturbance. Sampling plots (4 and 6.25 ha) did not concurrently contain >1 monkey group, were likely closed to monkey movements during the replicate surveys of each plot, and were spatially separated so that it was unlikely the same group was observed in >1 plot. These conditions enabled the conversion of occupancy to group density. Scaled to 6.25 ha, model‐weighted occupancy averaged 0.230 (SE 0.103), yielding an estimate of 3.7 groups/km2(95% CI 1.4–7.7 groups/km2). Because some groups straddled plot boundaries, we assumed that half of these groups were inside the plots, resulting in an adjusted estimate of 3.1 groups/km2. Our results illustrate that occupancy can be suitable for monitoring vigilant forest primates where detection distances are difficult to measure. However, special attention is required to choose spatial and temporal scales that accommodate the method's closure and independent‐detection assumptions.
Predictors of Heart‐Focused Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Genetic Investigation and Counseling of Long QT Syndrome or Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A One Year Follow‐up
Authors: Hamang Anniken , Eide Geir Egil , Rokne Berit , Nordin Karin , Bjorvatn Cathrine , Øyen Nina
Published: July 2011

Since Long QT syndrome and Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are inherited cardiac disorders that may cause syncope, palpitations, serious arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, at‐risk individuals may experience heart‐focused anxiety. In a prospective multi‐site study, 126 Norwegian patients attending genetic counseling were followed 1 year with multiple administration of questionnaires, including the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, measuring three distinct symptoms of heart‐focused anxiety‐ avoidance, attention, and fear—in mixed linear analyses. Overall, at 1‐year follow‐up, patients with clinical diagnosis as compared to patients at genetic risk had significantly higher scores of avoidance (p < .002), attention (p < .005), and fear (p < .007). Sudden cardiac death in close relatives, uncertainty whether other relatives previously had undergone genetic testing, patients’ perceived general health, self‐efficacy expectations and procedural satisfaction with genetic counseling were influential in predicting the different symptoms of heart‐focused anxiety over time.
Drag and lift forces on clean spherical and ellipsoidal bubbles in a solid-body rotating flow
Authors: RASTELLO MARIE , MARIÉ JEAN-LOUIS , LANCE MICHEL
Published: July 2011

A single bubble is placed in a solid-body rotating flow of silicon oil. From the measurement of its equilibrium position, lift and drag forces are determined. Five different silicon oils have been used, providing five different viscosities and Morton numbers. Experiments have been performed over a wide range of bubble Reynolds numbers (0.7 ≤ Re ≤ 380), Rossby numbers (0.58 ≤ Ro ≤ 26) and bubble aspect ratios (1 ≤ χ ≤ 3). For spherical bubbles, the drag coefficient at the first order is the same as that of clean spherical bubbles in a uniform flow. It noticeably increases with the local shear S = Ro−1, following a Ro−5/2 power law. The lift coefficient tends to 0.5 for large Re numbers and rapidly decreases as Re tends to zero, in agreement with existing simulations. It becomes hardly measurable for Re approaching unity. When bubbles start to shrink with Re numbers decreasing slowly, drag and lift coefficients instantaneously follow their stationary curves versus Re. In the standard Eötvös–Reynolds diagram, the transitions from spherical to deformed shapes slightly differ from the uniform flow case, with asymmetric shapes appearing. The aspect ratio χ for deformed bubbles increases with the Weber number following a law which lies in between the two expressions derived from the potential flow theory by Moore (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 6, 1959, pp. 113–130) and Moore (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 23, 1965, pp. 749–766) at low- and moderate We, and the bubble orients with an angle between its minor axis and the direction of the flow that increases for low Ro. The drag coefficient increases with χ, to an extent which is well predicted by the Moore (1965) drag law at high Re and Ro. The lift coefficient is a function of both χ and Re. It increases linearly with (χ − 1) at high Re, in line with the inviscid theory, while in the intermediate range of Reynolds numbers, a decrease of lift with aspect ratio is observed. However, the deformation is not sufficient for a reversal of lift to occur.
THE MATTHEWS MARK: A PHILOSOPHER'S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Whittall Arnold
Published: July 2011

In a characteristically bold assertion, the philosopher and composer Roger Scruton once claimed that ‘the lingering backward glance towards that which can never be recovered (and which is falsified in the very yearning for it) has been the greatest vice of English music in our century. Like every form of sentimentality, it involves a “turning away” from the present reality, a desire to lock emotions into a narrow and predetermined world of fantasy, a world which you yourself control’.
PIERRE BOULEZ IN INTERVIEW, 1996 (III) MALLARMÉ, MUSICAL FORM AND ARTICULATION
Authors: Guldbrandsen Erling E.
Published: July 2011

EG: In 1960, in your article ‘Sonate, que me veux-tu’ you introduce the word ‘anonymity’ or anonymat. Here is what you say: ‘The great works of Joyce and Mallarmé are the data for a new age in which texts are becoming – as it were – anonyme – y parlant de lui-même et sans voix d'auteur.’ (Here you are quoting Mallarmé's famous letter to Verlaine.) And you go on: ‘If I had to name the motive underlying the work I have been trying to describe [the Third Sonata], it would be the search for an “anonymity” of this kind.’

This search for an ‘anonymity’ of that kind, is it part of your motive for using serial techniques altogether?
‘A METAPHOR FOR THE DEEPER WINTRINESS’: EXPLORING JAMES MACMILLAN'S MUSICAL IDENTITY
Authors: McGregor Richard
Published: July 2011

This article explores aspects of identity which underlie compositional processes in James MacMillan's music. This is not intended as a critical discourse on identity as such, since this highly contested area is subject to ‘extensive and intensive controversy about how identity should be conceptualised in the wake of various anti-foundational critiques to which it has been subject’. Since in the course of this article I will use the essential concepts of ‘Scottish identity’ and ‘Catholic identity’ in particular as points of reference, it is necessary to show on what basis these terms have been conceived in relation to MacMillan.
RECONCILING OPPOSING FORCES: THE YOUNG JAMES MACMILLAN – A PERFORMANCE HISTORY
Authors: Telford James
Published: July 2011

James MacMillan was 50 years old on 16 July 2009 and his birthday was celebrated by musical institutions not just in Britain, but internationally. As a composer and conductor in residence for the BBC Philharmonic he led performances of his Symphony No.3: Silence and The World's Ransoming. The Royal Northern College of Music staged a three-day celebration of his work while The Sixteen toured his music under conductor Harry Christophers. His recent St John Passion was performed in Berlin and Amsterdam by the London Symphony Orchestra and in Rotterdam concerts of his music were given by the Rotterdam Philharmonic, Rotterdam Chamber Orchestra and the Hilliard Ensemble. The widespread regard for MacMillan's music evidenced by these performances is the culmination of a steady rise in popularity, undisputedly catalyzed by the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra première of The Confession of Isobel Gowdie. In a 1993 Tempo article on MacMillan, music critic Stephen Johnson describes the premiere thus: ‘there have been warm receptions for other new works at Promenade Concerts, but the thunderous, ecstatic welcome given to James MacMillan's The Confession of Isobel Gowdie at the 1990 Proms was unprecedented’.
ARCHITECT OF CATHEDRAL MUSIC: AN INTERVIEW WITH PHILIP MOORE
Authors: Johnson Bret
Published: July 2011

Philip Moore (b. 1943) has had a distinguished career as a cathedral musician, organist and, increasingly in recent years, as a composer. He began his career as a music master at Eton College and subsequently held a number of important positions, firstly at Canterbury and Guildford Cathedrals and latterly as Master of the Music at York Minster (1983–2008). His impressive catalogue of 400 works contains a substantial body of church music, but he has also written instrumental music and some larger works with orchestra including an organ concerto. His music draws on a wide sphere of influences with a strong tilt towards Vaughan Williams, Howells and Britten, plainchant and Duruflé and those whom he regards as the great classical architects of music: Bach, Brahms, Mozart and Hindemith amongst many others. On 20 November 2010 his new cantata Ode to St Cecilia was premièred in Guildford Cathedral. The composer has said that the genesis and design of the work derives from Britten's St Nicholas to which he hopes it will be seen as complementary. This interview took place in October 2009 before a recital devoted entirely to Moore's organ music at St Paul's Cathedral in London.
III.—The Roof-bosses in St. George's Chapel, Windsor
Authors: Cave C. J. P. , London H. Stanford
Published: July 2011

St. George's Chapel as it now stands was begun in the reign of Edward IV and finished in that of Henry VIII. It took the place of an earlier chapel. St. John Hope considered that the first part of the chapel to be vaulted was the north aisle of the choir ‘because one of the keys or bosses bears the arms of Thomas Fitzalan as Lord Maltravers, which dignity he held from 1461 until he succeeded to the earldom of Arundel in 1487, while another has the arms of William Lord Hastings who was beheaded in 1483'. But these arguments are of no weight. The Hastings boss may be posthumous like the Bray heraldry in the nave, whilst the arms on the Fitzalan boss are those of the head of the house, perhaps William, the 9th earl of Arundel (K.G. 1471, died 1487), but more probably his son Thomas, the 10th earl (K.G. 1474, died 1524). They cannot be Thomas's arms ‘as Lord Maltravers' for so long as his father was alive he must have differenced those arms in some way, and in fact at least two contemporary manuscripts show that he added to his paternal arms a silver label, then as now a common difference for the eldest son.2 Hope also says that ‘the greater part of the vault of the south aisle of the quire was put up in the time of Henry VII and probably before 1502, since one of the keys has the arms of Arthur Prince of Wales who died in April of that year'. Here, too, Hope is mistaken. The arms may just as well be those of Henry VIII as prince of Wales; he was so created on 18th February 1503, and would have taken the plain white label of the eldest son on the death of his brother.
IV.—Recent Discoveries at the Temple, London, and Notes on the Topography of the Site
Authors: Godfrey W. H.
Published: July 2011

The Temple Church, London, has a rather unenviable notoriety among archaeologists due to its drastic restoration more than a century ago. Nothing could have been more thorough than the way in which every ancient surface was repaired away or renewed so that in the end the result was a complete modern simulacrum of this superb monument. Very little of this painful accomplishment has survived the serious fire occasioned by the air-raid of 1941, and it has devolved on me to reconstruct the church a second time. I can honestly say it is proving a more rewarding task than I at first thought possible, for behind the restorer's veneer there is sufficient of the old fabric remaining to make one feel there is still a life to be prolonged and much that is significant to be preserved.
I.—The Wall-Paintings at Longthorpe Tower near Peterborough, Northants
Authors: Rouse E. Clive , Baker Audrey
Published: July 2011

The paintings which were fully uncovered during 1946 in the Great Chamber of the house known as Longthorpe Tower near Peterborough, are the most important domestic mural paintings of the medieval period in England. Here is preserved a unique example of the appearance of the private apartment of a man of means and taste in the early fourteenth century, and some indication also of the learning and moral ideas of his period. By means of painstaking research scholars have recovered much information about the paintings in Westminster and the other royal palaces. (See in particular T. Borenius, ‘The Cycle of Images in the Palaces and Castles of Henry III’, in Journ. of the Warburg and Courtauld Insts. vi (1943), 40–50.) There are also a few mentions of paintings of a secular character in other buildings, but almost nothing now survives. The uncovering of the magnificent series of paintings at Longthorpe Tower, which is not a particularly large or important dwelling, suggests that mural painting of a hitherto unimagined richness and elaboration must have been usual in the castles and great houses of the English nobility during the medieval period.
II.—The Kells Crosier
Authors: Dermott Máire Mac
Published: July 2011

In the year 1850, Cardinal Wiseman writing to Dr. Russell of Maynooth mentions an ancient crosier which had come into his possession. This is the first record of the shrine known variously as the Kells crosier or the crosier of Cúduilig and Maelfinnén, which now forms one of the most beautiful and most treasured exhibits in the British Museum collection of Irish Early Christian antiquities. In his letter the cardinal describes how he had acquired this ‘most valuable relic’ at the auction of the belongings of a solicitor in London, the crosier evidently having been left in the chambers by a previous occupant, and asks for help in deciphering the inscription. Nothing whatever is known of the earlier history of the crosier or of when it was removed from Ireland. At the request of Dr. Russell, Petrie exhibited the crosier at a meeting of the Royal Irish Academy on 14th February 1851, and read a paper on it. The shrine was at the time deposited on loan in the Academy museum. The next step in the modern history of the Kells crosier was its acquisition by the British Museum in 1859.
IV.—Anglo-Saxon Finds near Rainham, Essex, with a Study of Glass Drinking-horns
Authors: Evison Vera I.
Published: July 2011

The various objects listed below were found in the course of commercial digging for sand and gravel in the large pit about half-way between Rainham and Up-minister in Essex (see figs, 1 and 2), on the opposite side of the road to Gerpins Farm. In 1937 Mr. George Carter, a local Public Health official, heard that archaeological finds were being made, and purchased a number of objects from the workmen. He brought these to the attention of Mr. (now Sir Thomas) Kendrick at the British Museum, who identified the objects and arranged for an exhibition of the collection at the Museum. At this time, too, Sir Thomas took photographs, some of which are published here. It is solely to this prompt and accurate recording that we owe our knowledge of the Bronze Age beaker and the gold coin pendant, for these are now missing. Mr. Carter presented the collection to the Borough of Dagenham, to be kept in the museum of local history being assembled at Valence House. There is no record of the gold pendant ever being housed there, however, and the present Librarian, Mr. J. O';Leary, has no knowledge of it. The Bronze Age beaker was stolen. The collection is otherwise intact, with the exception of a certain amount of deterioration in the condition of some of the iron objects.
V.—The Torrs Chamfrein
Authors: Atkinson R. J. C. , Piggott Stuart
Published: July 2011

The object of Early Iron Age metal-work hitherto known as the Torrs Chamfrein was found at some date before 1829 in a ‘morass’ (presumably a peat-bog and probably a drained loch) on the farm of Torrs in the parish of Kelton, about one mile east of Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire. The identity of the finder and the date of discovery are unknown. The earliest record of the object is a full-size pencil drawing (pl. lxxi), lettered by parts, preserved among the Walter Scott papers in the National Library of Scotland. The drawing is the work of Joseph Train, a Galloway exciseman who had received preferment in his employment through the influence of Sir Walter Scott, and acted for him as an agent for the collection of antiquities and antiquarian information. How the chamfrein came into Train's possession is not recorded. The drawing was evidently made soon afterwards, and is of importance as a record of the fact that the chamfrein was already then in its present form, at least externally. The drawing was sent by Train to Sir Walter Scott, and was followed later by the gift of the chamfrein itself, after the latter had been mounted on a wooden stand with an inscribed brass plate, the better to display it.
I.—A West Country School of Masons
Authors: Brakspear Harold
Published: July 2011

The object of this paper is to endeavour to show that there was in the West of England an important school of craftsmen responsible for a number of buildings of the first magnitude as well as for others of a smaller size. This supposed school flourished at that period when the round arch was logically giving way to the pointed one; so that to understand the importance of its position in this development a few words on the reason of the adoption of the pointed arch are necessary.
II.—Addenda to the Iconography of St. Thomas of Canterbury
Authors: Borenius Tancred
Published: July 2011

It is almost exactly two years since I had the honour of addressing this Society on the results of my investigations concerning the Iconography of St. Thomas Becket. I was conscious at the time that I had not arrived at anything like a complete survey of the existing material; and in the intervening period the material at my disposal bearing on this subject has as a matter of fact considerably increased. To a notable proportion of this new material my attention was drawn as a result of the publication of my paper in Archaeologia; and I should like at the outset to express my warmest gratitude to my numerous correspondents, many of whom are Fellows of this Society.— The widespread interest, which from this large body of evidence I may conclude exists in the Iconography of St. Thomas Becket, has emboldened me to give an account of certain of the most interesting aspects of the Iconography of St. Thomas upon which I did not touch in my previous paper.
V. On Palm-tree Crosses
Authors: Hildburgh W. L.
Published: July 2011

In the Crucifixion scene on the remarkable bronze doors of Hildesheim Cathedral, cast for Bishop Bernward in 1015, appears a cross with a series of curious protuberances regularly disposed all round its edge. Dibelius, writing of this cross, has suggested that it represents a cross constructed of unhewn palm-trunks, conventionalized in form, and has cited, as early examples of similar crosses, the representations of crosses on some of the Monza ampullae, attributing these representations to a presumed tendency, on the part of a Palestinian craftsman, to show the Saviour's cross as if made of a wood common in Palestine. I am dealing elsewhere with the suggestion that the cross on the Hildesheim door represents palm-wood, concluding that logs of palm-trunk are not represented in that cross and that the latter is no more than one of a class fairly common, formed of conventionalized living vegetation; and I am there discussing, in considerable detail, Dibelius's further suggestion that the crosses, common in medieval times and during the early Renaissance, represented as if made of rough wood, have been derived from crosses intended to represent pieces of palm-trunk set crosswise. Although since preparing that study I have seen no reason to ascribe the origin of roughwood crosses to prototypes representing palm-trunks, either dead and as the material substance of which our Lord's cross was constructed or as living, and representing symbolically the Tree of Life, the iconographical questions–first, as to actual representations of palm-tree crosses; and, second, as to the symbolical meanings underlying such representations–suggested by Dibelius's conjectures have seemed to me to be worthy of the investigation of which I present the results below.
VI.—Excavations at the Golden Gate, Constantinople
Authors: Bey Theodore Macridy , Casson Stanley
Published: July 2011

The excavations described below were carried out conjointly by the Museum of Antiquities at Stamboul and members of the mission excavating on behalf of the British Academy in Constantinople in 1927. The funds required were provided by both parties. The account here given is published by kind permission of Halil Bey, Director of the Museum, at whose request it was drawn up, and who in the first instance proposed to the British Mission that the work should be carried out in collaboration with Macridy Bey and the Museum.