bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of multiple agricultural land uses in sustaining earthworm communities in agroecosystems - A global meta-analysis
Authors: Betancur-Corredor Bibiana , Zaitsev Andrey , Russell David J.
Published: December 2024

The impact of agricultural land use on biodiversity has been extensively examined through efforts to synthesize available data. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of a thorough synthesis describing the earthworm response to agricultural land-use Our meta-analysis compared undisturbed ecosystems (i.e., undisturbed grassland, primary forest) as controls against agricultural land-use treatments, with data extracted from 113 publications across 44 countries, yielding 1040 pairwise comparisons of earthworm density and biomass, and 536 pairwise comparisons of earthworm diversity. We also evaluated how agricultural land use effects on earthworms depend on soil, climate, and management practices reported in the studies. Arable cropland had significantly lower earthworm density (-18%), biomass (-15%), and species richness (-27%) compared to undisturbed sites. Conversely, higher earthworm density, biomass and species richness were observed in pastures, sites under agroforestry, crop management with fallow periods and crop-livestock integration. In regions with continental climates characterized by cool summers, agricultural land use exhibited positive effects on earthworm density and biomass. In sites with higher soil bulk density and lower organic matter content the adverse effects of agricultural land use are exacerbated. However, highly heterogeneous earthworm responses cannot be explained by the individual evaluation of climatic, soil-related, or management factors. Our results guide future efforts to address the data limitations that enable us to enhance our understanding of the interactive effects of various factors on earthworm responses to agricultural land use, as well as evidence-based and management strategies targeted at promoting sustainable agricultural systems while preserving soil biodiversity.
Metasurface absorber for millimeter waves: a deep learning-optimized approach for enhancing the isolation of wideband dual-port MIMO antennas
Authors: Narayanaswamy Nagesh Kallollu , Satheesha T. Y. , Alzahrani Yazeed , Pandey Ashish , Dwivedi Ajay Kumar , Singh Vivek , Tolani Manoj
Published: December 2024

In this communication, the concept of metasurface absorber is utilized to enhance the isolation in the dual port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna specially designed for a wideband millimeter wave operation. The frequency of operation of the designed module is 32.5–42.5 GHz with sufficient gain attributes. The designed metasurface array consists of two circular rings on two different layers. The concept of deep learning is utilized to optimize the dimensional configuration of the metasurface to achieve the maximum absorption of electromagnetic waves in the band of interest. The suppression of mutual coupling by double-ring metasurface is analyzed with the help of the wave theory concept. In contrast to previous decoupling methods using metasurfaces, the suggested metasurface is intended to be in the same plane as the array. The findings demonstrate the capability of effectively separating antenna elements in wideband MIMO antenna without compromising the geometrical complexity. Diversity metrics such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), mean effective gain (MEG), channel capacity loss (CCL), and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) for the proposed frequency range are also used to evaluate the performance of the constructed MIMO antenna. The wideband characteristics with a compact configuration make the design MIMO module a suitable candidate for mm-wave applications. The congruence between simulation and measurement confirms the validity of the suggested design.
Free vibration of nanobeams with surface and dynamic flexoelectric effects
Authors: Wang Peng , Xu JiaWei , Zhang XiWen , Lv YingHui
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the free vibration of piezoelectric nanobeams considering static flexoelectric, dynamic flexoelectric, and surface effects is studied. Based on the theories of the Timoshenko beam and Euler-Bernoulli beam, a theoretical model of flexoelectric nanobeams is established and the governing equations and boundary conditions of this model are derived using the variational principle. Then, the analytical solution of the frequency equation is obtained by using the Navier method. Numerical results indicate that the size dependence of the dynamic flexoelectric effect is stronger than the surface effect. The surface and dynamic flexoelectric effects exhibit a competitive mechanism on the natural frequency.
The effects of episodic context on memory integration
Authors: Liu Zhenghao , Johansson Mikael , Johansson Roger , Bramão Inês
Published: December 2024

Information encountered in different events, such as people and objects, can be interlinked in memory. Such memory integration supports novel inferences about the world. This study investigates the role of episodic context on memory integration in two experiments using an associative inference task. Participants encoded events with overlapping (AB and BC) and non-overlapping associations (XY) presented in the same or different episodic contexts. Inference performance across events (AC) was tested in the absence (Experiment 1) and in the presence (Experiment 2) of the encoding context. Our data show that inferences across events encoded in the same context were more accurate, faster, and made with greater confidence compared to those encoded in different contexts. However, this effect was observed only when the context was presented during testing, suggesting that context enhances associative inferences by facilitating retrieval of events associated with that context. These findings demonstrate that revisiting the encoding context promotes memory integration by providing privileged access to contextually associated memory traces and facilitating their flexible recombination to form novel inferences.
How well do climate modes explain precipitation variability?
Authors: Hobeichi Sanaa , Abramowitz Gab , Sen Gupta Alex , Taschetto Andréa S. , Richardson Doug , Rampal Neelesh , Ayat Hooman , Alexander Lisa V. , Pitman Andrew J.
Published: December 2024

Large-scale modes of climate variability, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, and Indian Ocean Dipole, show significant regional correlations with seasonal weather conditions, and are routinely forecast by meteorological agencies attempting to anticipate seasonal precipitation patterns. Here, we use machine learning together with more traditional approaches to quantify how much precipitation variability can be explained by large-scale modes of variability, and to understand the degree to which these modes interact non-linearly. We find that the relationship between climate modes and precipitation is predominantly non-linear. In some regions and seasons climate modes can explain up to 80% of precipitation variability. However, variability explained is below 10% for more than half of the land surface, and only 1% of the land shows values above 50%. This outcome provides a clear rationale to limit expectations of predictability from modes of variability in all but a few select regions and seasons.
City–company collaboration towards aligned science-based target setting
Authors: Kılkış Şiir , Bjørn Anders , Bai Xuemei , Liu Jianguo , Whiteman Gail , Crona Beatrice , Andersen Lauren Seaby , Hasan Syezlin , Vijay Varsha , Sabag Oscar
Published: December 2024

Cities and companies have great potential to reduce pressures on Earth system boundaries. Science-based target setting has emerged as a powerful tool to help achieve the potential, but its uptake has been limited. Moreover, cities and companies usually develop their targets separately, even though many are co-located. Focusing on the top 200 cities and 500 companies by greenhouse gas emissions, we analyse the current state and potential of adopting science-based targets for climate. Of these key actors, 110 cities with existing net-zero targets and 22 companies with existing science-based targets could together eliminate up to 3.41 GtCO2e of annual emissions. We argue that this reduction potential could increase by as much as 67% (to 5.70 GtCO2e) if the cities and companies that already have targets bring their co-located counterparts on board to keep abreast of their ambitions. Using freshwater as another example, we discuss entry points for addressing interrelated Earth system boundaries through city–company collaborations. Our findings elucidate previously untapped potentials that could accelerate transformations for operating within Earth system boundaries.
No paleoclimatic anomalies are associated with the late Eocene extraterrestrial impact events
Authors: Wade Bridget S. , Cheng Natalie K. Y.
Published: December 2024

Two distinct extraterrestrial impacts events struck the Earth less than 25,000 years apart in the late Eocene, approximately 35.65 million years ago. These resulted in the Popigai (northern Siberia) and Chesapeake Bay (eastern North America) impacts structures, the largest of the Cenozoic era. To examine the paleoclimatic consequences attributed to the late Eocene Chesapeake and Popigai extraterrestrial impact events, we present multispecies planktonic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope records. Here we generate data from the Gulf of Mexico, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 94 covering 35.85 to 35.49 million years ago. No isotopic anomalies or excursions were recorded across the impact horizons. However, ~100,000 years before the impacts, a negative 0.75‰ δ18O shift occurs in planktonic foraminifera, coincident with a 0.25‰ positive change in benthic foraminifera. We interpret this as a warming of ~2 °C in the surface ocean, accompanied by 1 °C deep water cooling, but these modifications are before and not coeval with the impact horizons. Despite the close succession of two or more large extraterrestrial impact events within a short space of time (less than 25,000 years), our study from the Gulf of Mexico indicates no detectable paleoclimatic response.
A 24-month National Cohort Study examining long-term effects of COVID-19 in children and young people
Authors: Stephenson Terence , Pinto Pereira Snehal M. , Nugawela Manjula D. , Dalrymple Emma , Harnden Anthony , Whittaker Elizabeth , Heyman Isobel , Ford Tamsin , Segal Terry , Chalder Trudie , Ladhani Shamez N. , McOwat Kelsey , Simmons Ruth , Xu Laila , Fox-Smith Lana ,   CLoCk Consortium, Buszewicz Marta , Crawley Esther , De Stavola Bianca , Garg Shruti , Hargreaves Dougal , Levin Michael , Poustie Vanessa , Semple Malcolm , Sharma Kishan , Swann Olivia , Shafran Roz
Published: December 2024

Background

Some children and young people (CYP) infected with SARS-COV-2 experience impairing symptoms post-infection, known as post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Using data from the National Long COVID in Children and Young People (CloCk) study, we report symptoms and their impact up to 24-months post-infection.

Methods

CloCk is a cohort of CYP in England aged 11-to-17-years when they had a SARS-CoV-2 PCR-test (between September 2020 and March 2021). Of 31,012 eligible CYP 24-months post-PCR test, 12,632 participated (response = 40.7%). CYP were grouped by infection status: ‘initial test-negatives; no subsequent positive-test’ (NN); ‘initial test-negatives; subsequent positive-test’ (NP); ‘initial test-positives; no reported re-infection’ (PN); and ‘initial test-positives; reported re-infection’ (PP). The Delphi research definition of PCC in CYP was operationalised; symptom severity/impact and validated scales (e.g., Chalder Fatigue Scale) were recorded. We examine symptom profiles 24-month post-index-test by infection status.

Results

7.2% of CYP consistently fulfil the PCC definition at 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-months. These CYPs have a median of 5-to-6 symptoms at each time-point. Between 20% and 25% of all infection status groups report 3+ symptoms 24-months post-testing; 10–25% experience 5+ symptoms. The reinfected group has more symptoms than the other positive groups; the NN group has the lowest symptom burden (p < 0.001). PCC is more common in older CYPs and in the most deprived. Symptom severity/impact is higher in those fulfilling the PCC definition.

Conclusions

The discrepancy in the proportion of CYP fulfilling the Delphi PCC definition at 24-months and those consistently fulfilling the definition across time, highlights the importance of longitudinal studies and the need to consider clinical impairment and range of symptoms.
Looking for a Job (Before and After Graduation)
Authors: Harshapriya Dimantha , Yee Rebecca
Published: December 2024

This chapter helps you work through how you will pull together your overall job search approach. This doesn’t have to be done at once, but it is good to think about the big picture, not just the individual job applications. Before you even submit a job application, it is very useful to understand what you want to apply for, why, where, and who you can gain insights from. This takes reflection and time, but it is important. If you do not understand some of your priorities, it can be very hard to land in the right job, even if you have all the right qualifications and skills.
A stable method for ionic rare earth element extraction and quantitative analysis of total quantity and composition of batch samples
Authors: Tian Feng , Wu Mingli , Yang Guoyun
Published: December 2024

The development of a stable, high-precision and batch ion-adsorption rare earth element detection method is highly anticipated in the delineation and evaluation of the mining value of rare earth element mines.
Acid-triggered size reduction of nanomedicines for enhancing tumor therapy efficacy
Authors: Wang Chongzhi , Tang YiKai , Li Cheng , Wu Wei , Jiang Xiqun
Published: December 2024

A size-reducing nanoparticle was synthesized by cross-linking β-cyclodextrin-cored multiarm polymers through a boronate ester, showing high tumor permeability and therapeutic effect.
Doped hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene as anode materials for lithium- and magnesium-ion batteries
Authors: Geetha Sadasivan Nair Remya , Narayanan Nair Arun Kumar , Yan Bicheng , Sun Shuyu
Published: December 2024

The adsorption processes of Li+, Li, Mg2+, and Mg on twelve adsorbents, including pristine and doped hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) molecules, were studied using density functional theory.
First principles density functional theory study of tritium species adsorption on Ni(111) surface and diffusion in nickel-sublayer for tritium storage
Authors: Tafen De Nyago , Paudel Hari P. , Senor David J. , Casella Andrew M. , Duan Yuhua
Published: December 2024

The mechanisms of 3H species formation and diffusion in Ni layer were explored. The results indicate that the NiOx and Ni(O3H)x could be formed in the Ni layer and 3H is found to easily diffuse through the Ni layer toward zircaloy-4 getters.
Synthesis of a novel hydrophobic CeO2–BiOCl/CF composite cathode for efficient heterogeneous electro-Fenton degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Lv Huiqi , Kuai Jiangshan , Wang Rongshuai , Mou Yiwen , Guo Weilin
Published: December 2024

Bifunctional electrodes have attracted significant research interest in the field of electro-Fenton (EF) processes for the efficient treatment of antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.
A materials discovery framework based on conditional generative models applied to the design of polymer electrolytes
Authors: Khajeh Arash , Lei Xiangyun , Ye Weike , Yang Zhenze , Hung Linda , Schweigert Daniel , Kwon Ha-Kyung
Published: December 2024

We introduce a computational materials discovery framework that integrates conditional generation, molecular dynamics simulations, evaluation, and feedback components to design polymer electrolytes with improved ionic conductivity.
Study of the molecular design and synthesis status of metal complexes as unimolecular luminescent materials for white light emission
Authors: Osawa Masahisa
Published: December 2024

This article focuses on unimolecular white-light-emitting metal complexes and classifies them according to the nature of their luminescent electronic states and the current status of their synthesis and application in WOLEDs.
Analysis of the charge generation and recombination processes in the PM6:Y6 organic solar cell
Authors: Pratik Saied Md , Kupgan Grit , Brédas Jean-Luc , Coropceanu Veaceslav
Published: December 2024

This work gives a comprehensive description of the fundamental electronic processes taking place in the active layer of PM6:Y6 solar cells. It also points to the role of triplet states, excimer-like states, and defect states in device performance.
Consumption of oleogel alleviates lipid metabolism disorders in high-fat diet-fed rats by inhibiting LPS-induced gut microbiota-mediated inflammation
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Jing , Zhong Ruimin , Chen Gangchao , Qi Hongjin , Cao Yong , Lan Yaqi
Published: December 2024

The network structure of oleogels affects the lipid distribution within the GI tract, thus altering the gut microbiota composition. This, in turn, modulates gut microbiota-mediated inflammatory responses, which subsequently regulate lipid metabolism.
Determination of ultralow iridium concentration in small geological samples using isotope dilution coupled with multiple ion counting inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Cheng , Li Weiqiang , An Shichao
Published: December 2024

The MC-ICP-MS dual ion counters were utilized for the first time to measure iridium isotope ratios, accurately and sensitively determining ultralow iridium contents in small geological samples in conjunction with the isotope dilution method.
Unveiling the impact of the mpg-C3N4@Pa@Ni nanocomposite in the reduction of nitroaromatic derivatives by comparative solvent-free methods
Authors: Eshrati Fatemeh , Ghafuri Hossein , Hanifehnejad Peyman , Dogari Haniyeh
Published: December 2024

The mpg-C3N4@Pa@Ni nanocomposite shows high catalytic efficiency in the solvent-free reduction of nitroaromatic compounds, achieving yields up to 98.6%. Its recyclability over eight cycles highlights its potential for sustainable applications.
Solution-processed spin organic light-emitting diodes based on antisolvent-treated 2D chiral perovskites with strong spin-dependent carrier transport
Authors: Yang Lan-Sheng , Huang Chun-Yao , Hsu Chin-An , Lin Sih-Tong , Hsu Yun-Shan , Chuang Chia-Hsiang , Lo Pei-Hsuan , Chao Yu-Chiang
Published: December 2024

The gCPEL for spin OLEDs based on antisolvent-treated chiral perovskite films can be increased by 1.75 times compared with spin OLEDs based on untreated chiral perovskite films.
Flexible silicon for high-performance photovoltaics, photodetectors and bio-interfaced electronics
Authors: Wang Shuyi , Song Xiaopan , Xu Jun , Wang Junzhuan , Yu Linwei
Published: December 2024

This review highlights the advancements in flexible silicon-based photovoltaics, photodetectors, and bio-interfaced electronics, identifying key design principles through control of geometry, morphology, and composition.
Dual relaxation behaviors driven by a homogeneous and stable dual-interface charge layer based on an EGaIn absorber
Authors: Chen Geng , Zhang Tao , Zhang Limin , Tao Kai , Chen Qiang , Wu Hongjing
Published: December 2024

Interface engineering, by modulating defect distribution and impedance at interfaces and inducing interfacial polarization, has proven to be an effective strategy for optimizing dielectric properties.
Three-dimensional TiO2 nanobelt array with a disordered surface and oxygen vacancies for boosted photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Meng Ming , Zhou Hucheng , Liu Weifeng , Yang Jing , Yuan Honglei , Gan Zhixing
Published: December 2024

A three-dimensional array of reduced TiO2 nanobelts with a disordered surface and abundant oxygen vacancies was successfully constructed for PEC water splitting.
DBU-mediated synthesis of amides from carbodiimides and unstrained 1,3-diketones
Authors: Qin Chang-Qing , Liu Xin-Ni , Gu Man-Zhen , Xu Yi-Bing , Chen Guo-Shu , Liu Yun-Lin
Published: December 2024

A DBU-mediated synthesis of amides by using the carbodiimides as nitrogen sources and unstrained 1,3-ketones as acyl sources has been developed.
Nonlinear memristor model with exact solution allows for ex situ reservoir computing training and in situ inference
Authors: Armendarez Nicholas , Hasan Md Sakib , Najem Joseph
Published: December 2024

A generalized logistic differential equation model of biomolecular memristors improves the tuning of hyperparameters of parallel-memristor physical reservoir computing systems by enabling ex situ training.
Solid-state synthesis of Si1−xGex nanoalloys with composition-tunable energy gaps and visible to near infrared optical properties
Authors: Spence Griffin C. , Pate David S. , Villot Corentin , Fouzie Roshana M. , Graves Lisa S. , Lao Ka Un , Özgür Ümit , Arachchige Indika U.
Published: December 2024

Solid-state synthesis of homogeneous Si1−xGex quantum dots with composition-tunable energy gaps and visible to near infrared absorption and emission properties.
Portfolio of colloidally stable gold–gold sulfide nanoparticles and their use in broad-band photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Demir Mine , Natali Çizmeciyan M. , Sipahioğlu Dilara , Khoshzaban Alireza , Burçin Ünlü M. , Yağcı Acar Havva
Published: December 2024

Growing interest in non-invasive photoacoustic imaging is driving the demand for non-toxic, stable, optical absorbers, particularly those operating in the visible and near-infrared regions to enable deep tissue penetration
Fifteen years of Polymer Chemistry
Authors: Luscombe Christine K. , Southall Maria E.
Published: December 2024

An editorial from Christine Luscombe and Maria Southall on the celebration of Polymer Chemistry's 15th anniversary.
Unveiling thermal treatment effects on the thermomechanical and IR optical properties of chalcogenide hybrid inorganic/organic polymers
Authors: Byun Wonmoo , Hwang Jae Hyuk , Han Jiseok , Joo Juntae , Park Sangmin , Lee Woohwa , Kim Hyun , Chae Chang-Geun , Park Sungmin , Kim Dong-Gyun
Published: December 2024

Under a systematic thermal treatment, the thermomechanical and infrared optical properties of sulfur and/or selenium-based chalcogenide hybrid inorganic/organic polymers are improved.
A pH-responsive dual-network biopolysaccharide hydrogel with enhanced self-healing and controlled drug release properties
Authors: Ma Yuan , Tang Yunfeng , Fan Jianwei , Sun Tianyu , Qiu Xiaoyong , Wei Luxing , Zhang Xiaolai
Published: December 2024

A dual network hydrogel based on Schiff base bonding and electrostatic interaction was prepared. The hydrogel is non-toxic, self-healing and injectable. And it has great drug release control, adjusting release rate via SA at different pH levels.
Novel feathery P/S Co-doped graphitic carbon nitride for highly efficient synergistic photocatalytic H2O2 generation and tetracycline degradation
Authors: Qin Lian , Zhao Zhongli , Fu Ning , Li Xiangyu , Hu Lei , Li Xingang , Zhang Chun
Published: December 2024

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has garnered significant attention in photocatalytic pollutant degradation for its non-toxicity and cost-effectiveness.
The novel quinoline derivative SKA-346 as a KCa3.1 channel selective activator
Authors: Wong Brandon Han Siang , Shim Heesung , Goay Stephanie Shee Min , Ong Seow Theng , Muhammad Taib Nur Ayuni Binte , Chai Kelila Xin Ye , Lim Kerry , Huang Dachuan , Ong Choon Kiat , Vaiyapuri Thamil Selvan , Cheah Yeong Cheng , Wang Yulan , Wulff Heike , Webster Richard D. , Shelat Vishalkumar G. , Verma Navin Kumar
Published: December 2024

SKA-346 is a KCa3.1-selective activator.
Real-time in situ monitoring as a tool for comparison of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the decolourisation of azo and indigoid dyes
Authors: Schroeder Chelsea M. , Koehler Taylor M. , Leadbeater Nicholas E.
Published: December 2024

The electrochemical decolorisation of a number of dyes is monitored in real-time.
Magic methylation with methyl-containing peroxides
Authors: Farajat Daliah , Zhang Yuhua , Li Chao-Jun
Published: December 2024

Methyl groups are abundant in pharmaceuticals, and their installation has garnered significant attention. This review summarises advancements in the use of methyl-containing peroxides as reagents for a variety of methylation reactions.
DiffBP: generative diffusion of 3D molecules for target protein binding
Authors: Lin Haitao , Huang Yufei , Zhang Odin , Ma Siqi , Liu Meng , Li Xuanjing , Wu Lirong , Wang Jishui , Hou Tingjun , Li Stan Z.
Published: December 2024

We propose DiffBP, a diffusion model that generates molecular 3D structures conditioned on protein targets. It demonstrates competitive performance against existing methods, generating molecules with high affinity and favorable drug-like profiles.
Computational self-assembly of a six-fold chiral quasicrystal
Authors: Varela-Rosales Nydia Roxana , Engel Michael
Published: December 2024

Six-fold chiral quasicrystal with diffraction pattern and a close-up of a six-fold star-shaped pattern.
Robust, tough, ultra-low-creep and reprocessable rubber enabled by weak supramolecular-interaction-dominated yet strong covalent-bond-assisted reverse design paradigm
Authors: Zhou Wei-Chen , Gao Xue-Qin , Li Jia-Hao , Ye Chen , Wang Yu-Zhong , Deng Cong
Published: December 2024

Weak supramolecular interactions serve as the dominant network while robust dynamic covalent bonds act as an assistant in rubber, resulting in high strength, prominent extensibility, ultra-low creep, and excellent reprocessability of the rubber.
Hydrogen-bonding-enhanced green wearable sensors with high generation performance and low Young's modulus
Authors: Gao Caixia , Tong Wangshu , Yu Runfeng , Liu Songling , Zhang Yihe
Published: December 2024

A conceptual graph of the hydrogen-bonding-enhanced green wearable sensors with high generation performance and low Young's modulus.
Tailoring the electronic structure of O3-type layered oxide cathodes to achieve long-cycle life and high-rate performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Gao Yuheng , Zhang Guohua , Ji Yongsheng , Yang Zhiqi , Fan Yuxin , Shi Xuemin , Huang Yunhui
Published: December 2024

By optimizing the electronic structure, the LCNFM electrode exhibits long-cycle life and high-rate performance. This approach effectively inhibits the irreversible O3–P3 phase transition during cycling by suppressing the Jahn–Teller effect of Mn3+.
A multifunctional ionic liquid additive providing a solvation structure and electrostatic shielding layer for highly stable aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Shen Chen , Zhang Yuxin , Li Xiang , Guo Peng , Zeng Xiang , Ni Kangqi , Cao Rufeng , Wang Zhenguo , Wang Zhiliang , Qin Lin
Published: December 2024

Multifunctional ionic liquid additive 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate enhances AZIB stability by modifying Zn2+ solvation and improving deposition via electrostatic shielding, achieving 92.7% retention at 10 A g−1 after 3000 cycles.
Maximising efficacy in HER2-positive breast cancer: immunoliposomal co-delivery of miR155 inhibitor and paclitaxel for targeted therapy
Authors: Chaudhari Ramesh , Patel Vishva , Malvi Bharti , Misra Superb K. , Kumar Ashutosh
Published: December 2024

An immunoliposome-based targeted delivery of paclitaxel and miR155 inhibitor to HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Preclinical studies reveal reduced tumor volume, apoptosis induction, and minimal toxicity, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
Development and application of hydrogels in pathogenic bacteria detection in foods
Authors: Liu Shuxiang , Rahman Md Rashidur , Wu Hejun , Qin Wen , Wang Yanying , Su Gehong
Published: December 2024

This review explores hydrogels as versatile materials for detecting foodborne pathogens, emphasizing their role in fast, sensitive, and specific bacteria detection through various sensing mechanisms.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on ferritin complexes with screened immunogenic sequences from the Fv-antibody library
Authors: Jung Jaeyong , Kim Tae-Hun , Park Jae-Yeon , Kwon Soonil , Sung Jeong Soo , Kang Min-Jung , Jose Joachim , Lee Misu , Shin Hyun-Jin , Pyun Jae-Chul
Published: December 2024

Vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 using screened immunogenic sequences from the Fv-antibody library.
Multifunctional Prussian blue nanozymes alleviate atherosclerosis through inhibiting the inflammation feedback loop
Authors: Xu Maochang , Ran Dan , Hu Jian , Mao Jingying , Qiao Dehui , Zhang Zongquan , Liang Xiaoya , Zhang Li , Nie Yu , Yang Hong , Zhou Xiangyu , Li Chunhong
Published: December 2024

Biomimetic multifunctional nanozymes, BSA@PB/Cur, were prepared and found to accumulate in plaques, effectively scavenge ROS, and inhibit matrix metalloproteinase expression, thus exerting distinct antioxidant effects.
Progress in Chinese medicine monomers and their nanoformulations on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhou Yanrong , Wang Li , Sun Lina , Tan Rui , Wang Zheng , Pei Renjun
Published: December 2024

The aim of this review is to elucidate the pathomechanism of MIRI and present the latest developments in the use of TCM monomers and nanomaterials in combination with TCM monomers for the treatment of MIRI.
A shape-adaptive hydrogel with dual antibacterial and osteogenic properties for alveolar bone defect repair
Authors: Tang Rong , Gui Xingyu , Han Ruiying , Gao Canyu , Zhang Hui , Lu Shengkai , Zhao Junyu , Zhou Weikai , Chen Axuan , Sun Huan , Sun Jianxun , Zhai Yun , Zhao Zhihe , Zhou Changchun
Published: December 2024

A shape-adaptive hydrogel with sequential antibacterial and osteogenic functions was proposed to repair irregular osteoporosis bone defects. Naringin was incorporated into microspheres and dispersed into GelMA to repair mandibular defects in rats and alveolar bone defects in osteoporotic rats.
In situ dressing based on a D–π–A structured aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer for healing infected wounds
Authors: Ma Yu , You Jiawei , Hou Jianquan , Shi Yupeng , Zhao Engui
Published: December 2024

A new photodynamic antibacterial dressing was developed by employing a highly efficient photosensitizer, DTTPB, which could efficiently both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria without inducing obvious phototoxicity in mammalian cells.
Platelet-derived biomaterials for targeted drug delivery and tissue repair
Authors: Fang Xinyu , Li Ya , Wang Yulin , Cai Rupeng , Ao Qiang
Published: December 2024

Platelets are nucleic-free cells with a lifespan of 7–10 days in the bloodstream, playing a crucial role in various physiological processes such as hemostasis, thrombus formation, tumor development and metastasis, inflammation, and host defense.
Chemical conversion of recovered carbon black (rCB) from end-of-life tires (ELTs) pyrolysis to reduced graphene oxide (rGO): from waste to advanced materials
Authors: Dziejarski Bartosz , Serafin Jarosław , Hernández-Barreto Diego Felipe , Moreno-Piraján Juan Carlos , Giraldo Liliana , Homs Narcis , Krzyżyńska Renata , Andersson Klas , Knutsson Pavleta
Published: December 2024

Diagrammatic representation of the chemical transformation of recovered carbon black (rCB) obtained from the pyrolysis of end-of-life tires (ELTs) into reduced graphene oxide (rGO).
A highly efficient 3D/0D CdIn2S4/Cu2O photoanode with a p–n type heterojunction for boosted photoelectrochemical water splitting under visible light irradiation
Authors: Wang Qi , Hu Chengwei , Zhang Lanlan , Lei Yuanhu , Hu Zonghan , Wang Zihang , Qiao Yupei , Lv Bing
Published: December 2024

We prepared a high-performance CdIn2S4/Cu2O photoanode material for PEC water splitting using a hydrothermal method combined with SILAR and annealing processes.
Fluorescence modulation of pyridinium betaines: a mechanofluorochromic investigation
Authors: McDonald Peter W. , Xu Jingjing , Lonsdale Dale R. , Jones Isabelle , Poggi Benjamin , Cox Rosalind P. , Aloise Stéphane , Scully Andrew D. , Allain Clémence , Bodelot Laurence , Moggach Stephen A. , Bell Toby D. M. , Métivier Rémi , Furness Sebastian G. B. , Goerigk Lars , Ritchie Chris
Published: December 2024

The mechanism of new mechanofluorochromic is resolved using established and unexplored techniques, including electron diffraction and fluorescence lifetime mapping. Driving factors posited include conformational flexibility and partial amorphisation.
Development of an artificial intelligence model for wire electrical discharge machining of Inconel 625 in biomedical applications
Authors: Thejasree Pasupuleti , Manikandan Natarajan , Sunheriya Neeraj , Giri Jayant , Chadge Rajkumar , Sathish T. , Kumar Ajay , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam
Published: December 2024

Superalloys, particularly nickel alloys such as Inconel 625, are increasingly used in biomedical engineering for manufacturing critical components such as implants and surgical instruments due to their exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, traditional machining methods often struggle with these materials due to their high strength and thermal conductivity. This study investigates the application of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) as an advanced method for processing Inconel 625 in biomedical contexts. The authors develop an Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System for forecasting WEDM parameters using grey‐based data. The model's variable inputs are analysed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Taguchi design, aiming to optimise process performance attributes relevant to biomedical applications. Comparative studies between predicted and experimental data demonstrate a high degree of accuracy, indicating that the proposed model effectively enhances the machining process. The results suggest that this intelligent system supports decision‐making in the production of high‐quality biomedical devices and components.
Network traffic anomaly detection model based on feature grouping and multi‐autoencoders integration
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zeng Haoyang , Zheng Zhourong , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a network traffic anomaly detection model based on feature grouping and multiple autoencoders (multi‐AEs) integration. This model comprises four modules: feature grouping module, feature learning module, AUC and optimal threshold calculation module, and anomaly detection application module. In the feature grouping module, multiple group features are constructed by selecting the different features according to their attributes and variances. In the feature learning module, the group features of normal traffic are learned based on multi‐AEs. In the AUC and optimal threshold calculation module, the AUC of each AE is calculated according to the ROC curve of the verification data, and the optimal thresholds for each AE are determined using the Youden index. In the anomaly detection application module, the AEs that participated in fusion are selected and their weights are calculated by analysing AUC value, and the scores of unknown traffic in each AE are evaluated considering both the reconstruction error distribution and the optimal threshold. Finally, the anomaly detection result can be obtained by the fusion of these multiple scores. Through validation on the UNSW‐NB15 and CICIDS2017 datasets, the accuracy of the proposed model is improved by 12.04% and 10.52%, respectively, compared to the baseline model.
A fine‐grained image classification method based on information interaction
Authors: Zhu Shuo , Zhang Xukang , Wang Yu , Wang Zongyang , Sun Jiahao
Published: December 2024

To enhance the accuracy of fine‐grained image classification and address challenges such as excessive interference factors within the dataset, inadequate extraction of local key features, and insufficient channel semantic association, a dual‐branch information interaction model that integrates convolutional neural networks (CNN) with Vision Transformers is proposed. This model leverages the Vision Transformer branch to extract global features, which are subsequently combined with the CNN branch to further augment the model's capability for local information extraction. In order to enhance the ability of the CNN branch to extract global information and reduce the loss of feature information, a feature enhancement module is added to the CNN branch. Since the Vision Transformer branch directly convolves with the convolution kernel will result in the inability to learn the underlying features of the image, a shallow feature extraction module is proposed, and the CNN and Vision Transformer branches interact with the information of the dual branches through the down‐sampling Down module and the up‐sampling UP module. The accuracy of the improved method on CUB‐200‐2011, Stanford Cars and FGVC‐Aircraft fine‐grained image classification datasets are 95.2%, 97.1% and 96.9%, respectively. The experimental results show that the method has good generalization on different datasets.
Compact broadband high‐gain dielectric rod antenna with air–dielectric hybrid design for millimetre‐wave applications
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Lin Shu , Xu Zhenyu , Zhang Xingqi , Zhang Xinyue
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a compact, broadband, high‐gain dielectric rod antenna. By utilising an air–dielectric hybrid method for designing the radiating and matching sections, gradual variations in the average equivalent permittivity along the rod are achieved, and the mechanism of the method is analysed. This approach facilitates a smooth impedance transition from the feed to the air, resulting in good impedance matching characteristics. Additionally, the antenna is fed through a tapered double‐ridged waveguide (DRW) with a coaxial line to tapered DRW transition. The proposed antenna achieves an impressive impedance bandwidth of 90.2%, covering the entire K and Ka bands. The unique structure of the proposed dielectric rod significantly enhances the antenna's gain, reaching a maximum value of 17.86 dBi. With its small aperture and compact longitudinal dimensions, this antenna is suitable for applications in settings like the Space Environment Simulation Research Infrastructure (SESRI).
FRB 20121102A monitoring: Updated periodicity in the L band
Authors: Braga C. A. , Cruces M. , Cassanelli T. , Espinoza-Dupouy M. C. , Rodriguez L. , Spitler L. G. , Vera-Casanova J. , Limaye P.
Published: December 2024

Context. FRB 20121102A was the first fast radio burst to be observed to repeat. Since then, thousands of bursts have been detected by multiple radio telescopes around the world. Previous work has shown an indication of a cyclic activity level with a periodicity of around 160 days. Knowing when the source repeats is essential for planning multi-wavelength monitoring to constrain the emission extent and progenitor source.

Aims. We report the monitoring of FRB 20121102A using the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope in the L band and update the periodicity of the cyclic activity level.

Methods. We used the Lomb-Scargle periodogram on a sample of 284 observing epochs, of which 42% correspond to detections and 58% to non-detections. Our dataset is composed of the seven epochs of our monitoring plus publicly available data. We investigated two methods: i) a binary model, describing the observing epochs with 1 if there are detections and with 0 for non-detections, and ii) a normalised rates model that considers the inferred detection rates.

Results. We report no detections in 12.5-hour observations down to a fluence of 0.29 Jy ms. The best period we find for the cyclic activity window is 159.3 ± 0.8 days for the binary model and 159.3 ± 0.2 days for the normalised rates model. We show the activity phase to be 53%. The normalised rates show clear Gaussian-like behaviour for the activity level, in that the number of detections peaks at the centre of the activity window.

Conclusions. The periodicity found through both methods is consistent for the L- and S-band datasets, implying it is intrinsic to the source. The activity phase in the S band however, shows an indication of it ending before the L-band activity phase, supporting the idea of a chromatic dependence of the activity window. The sample in the C band is not large enough to further confirm this result.
Validation of millimetre and sub-millimetre atmospheric collision-induced absorption at Chajnantor
Authors: Pardo J. R. , De Breuck C. , Muders D. , González J. , Pérez-Beaupuits J. P. , Cernicharo J. , Prigent C. , Serabyn E. , Montenegro-Montes F. M. , Mroczkowski T. , Phillips N. , Villard E.
Published: December 2024

Due to the importance of a reference atmospheric radiative transfer model for both planning and calibrating ground-based observations at millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths, we have undertaken a validation campaign consisting of acquiring atmospheric spectra under different weather conditions, in different diurnal moments and seasons, with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX), due to the excellent stability of its receivers and the very high frequency resolution of its back-ends. As a result, a dataset consisting of 56 spectra within the 157.3–742.1 GHz frequency range, at kilohertz resolution (smoothed to ∼2–10 MHz for analysis), and spanning one order of magnitude (∼0.35–3.5 mm) in precipitable water vapour columns, has been gathered from October 2020 to September 2022. These data are unique for their quality and completeness and, due to the proximity of APEX to the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), they provide an excellent opportunity to validate the atmospheric radiative transfer model currently installed in the ALMA software. The main issues addressed in the study are possible missing lines in the model, line shapes, vertical profiles of atmospheric physical parameters and molecular abundances, seasonal and diurnal variations, and collision-induced absorption (CIA), to which this paper is devoted, in its N2–N2 + N2–O2 + O2–O2 (dry) and N2–H2O + O2 –H2O (‘foreign’ wet) mechanisms. All these CIA terms should remain unchanged in the above-mentioned ALMA atmospheric model as a result of this work.
Mit Magnet-Prinzipien Pflegekräfte binden
Authors: Aiken Linda
Published: December 2024

Wie lassen sich die Fachpflegekräfte, die derzeit in den Krankenhäusern beschäftigt sind, besser und längerfristig an ihre Kliniken binden? Eine Möglichkeit bietet das Magnet-Modell. Was das genau bedeutet und wie es in der Pädiatrie dazu beitragen kann, die Patientenversorgung zu verbessern, schildert der folgende Beitrag.
Mentoring im Kontext des Magnet-Krankenhauses
Authors: Kimmich Michelle , Kocks Andreas
Published: December 2024

Das in den USA entwickelte Magnet-Modell gilt als Wegweiser für die Bewältigung von Fachkräftemangel, um den steigenden Anforderungen an die Qualität der Patientenversorgung gerecht zu werden und als erfolgreicher Ansatz, um Pflegefachpersonen langfristig im Beruf zu halten. Ein Baustein des Modells ist Mentoring – als Schlüssel zur Kompetenzstärkung von Pflegefachpersonen und zur Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität.
Homöopathie und das vegetative Nervensystem – Grundlagen und Erfahrungen
Authors: Riker Ulf
Published: December 2024

Vegetative Störungen lassen sich homöopathisch sehr gut positiv beeinflussen, zumal es sich um funktionelle Zusammenhänge ohne eigentliche Organschädigungen handelt. In der Homöopathie wird versucht, diese Störungen ganzheitlich zu behandeln. Durch die Auswahl spezifischer homöopathischer Mittel, die auf die individuellen Symptome und die Konstitution des Patienten abgestimmt sind, soll das vegetative Nervensystem wieder ins Gleichgewicht gebracht werden. Ziel ist es, nicht nur die Symptome zu lindern, sondern auch die zugrunde liegenden Ursachen anzugehen und die Selbstheilungskräfte des Körpers zu aktivieren. Das Vegetativum ist dabei oft Vermittler zwischen der emotionalen und der körperlichen Ebene. Erwartungseffekte (Placebo) sind in diesem Zusammenhang denkbar, ebenso wie in allen Bereichen der konventionellen Medizin auch. In diesem Kontext gewinnt die Homöopathie zunehmend an Bedeutung als ergänzende Therapieform zur Unterstützung der Gesundheit und des Wohlbefindens bei vegetativen Störungen.
CFD-based simulation of the hydrodynamics of steady-state gas–liquid in ultrasonically oscillating microreactors
Authors: Huang Guangyong , Wei Xiangfu , Lin Lin , Sun Cuimin , Liu Xuejun , Chen Jiapeng , Dang Haojie , Zhu Rongxing , You Hui
Published: December 2024

Ultrasound-driven microbubble oscillation in a microchannel is commonly used in mixing and mass transfer, and its steady-state mechanisms are complex. This study proposes an acoustic streaming steady-state model for the oscillation between two microbubbles driven by ultrasound in a square microchannel (150 × 150 μm2). The breathing mode and shape oscillation mode of the bubble cap were experimentally analyzed at an ultrasound frequency of 97.5 kHz, and the flow patterns of liquid slugs were found to be completely opposite. A two-dimensional numerical model of the two microbubble oscillations was developed from a new perspective of steady state. The correctness of the model was verified by comparing the 2 μm diameter polystyrene tracer flow field with the simulation results. The steady-state flow field was analyzed in terms of ultrasound amplitude, shape, size, and liquid property parameters. The streaming velocity was found to be directly proportional to the square of the microbubble amplitude. When the bubble cap became more hydrophilic and sharper, the mixing effect improved. In particular, it was found that the microbubbles had the most intense disturbance to the fluid when the distance between the two microbubbles was twice the channel width.
Bandgap opening of ferric chloride intercalated graphene by applying small electric field
Authors: Indika Senevirathna M. K. , Samarakoon Duminda K. , Gunasinghe Rosi , Wang Xiao-Qian , Williams Michael D.
Published: December 2024

Graphene has exceptional properties with great promise for various applications. However, pristine graphene cannot be used in nano-electronics because it lacks a gap in energy dispersion at the Dirac point. Therefore, researchers have been developing methods to open the gap, which would open the door for the use of graphene in a wide range of electronic and photovoltaic devices. Through density functional theory calculations, we identified a specific range of electric field values that could potentially open the Dirac cones and separate the two π (VB) and two π* (CB) bands belonging to each graphene layer in FeCl3 intercalated bilayer graphene. To our knowledge, no such findings have been reported in the literature. These findings could aid in developing a better understanding of the electronic structure of materials and enable the design of more efficient electronic devices.
Assessing green hydrogen potential and utilization for sustainable energy production in Serbia
Authors: Nakomčić Smaragdakis Branka , Brborić Maja , Berežni Isidora , Jovović Aleksandar
Published: December 2024

The paper provides a comprehensive examination of resources available for the deployment of green hydrogen in Serbia. The assessment encompasses various aspects, including renewable energy potentials, technological advancements, and future projections. The evaluation considers factors such as solar and wind power capacities, which are pivotal for green hydrogen production. Additionally, the study delves into the policy landscape, addressing initiatives aimed at fostering the integration of green hydrogen into Serbia's energy matrix. The analysis combines quantitative data on energy production capacities with qualitative insights into the economic and environmental implications of green hydrogen utilization. While the nation boasts abundant renewable energy resources, challenges such as high production costs and infrastructure limitations hinder widespread adoption. However, with strategic initiatives and technological advancements, Serbia can overcome these hurdles and pave the way for a sustainable hydrogen economy. Assessing Serbia's green hydrogen potential, driven by over 24 095 MWp from solar and 10 750 MWp from wind, highlights the nation's capacity to harness renewable resources, with hydrogen production set to grow from 1915 tons in 2019 to 37 ,123 tons by 2040. The findings aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse on sustainable energy transitions and the role of green hydrogen in Serbia's evolving energy landscape.