bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 41Ar(n,y)42Ar reaction
Authors: Sahoo R. N. , Paul M. , Köster U. , Scott R. , Tessler M. , Zylstra A. , Avila M. L. , Dickerson C. , Jayatissa H. , Kohen M.S. , McLain J. , Pardo R.C. , Rehm K. E. , Tolstukhin I. , Vondrasek R. , Bailey T. , Callahan L. , Clark A. , Collon P. , Kashiv Y. , Nelson A.
Published: May 2023

The cross-section of the thermal neutron capture 41Ar(n,γ)42Ar(t1/2=32.9 y) reaction was measured by irradiating a 40Ar sample at the high-flux reactor of Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) Grenoble, France. The signature of the two-neutron capture has been observed by measuring the growth curve and identifying the 1524.6 keV γ-lines of the shorter-lived 42K(12.4 h) β− daughter of 42Ar. Our preliminary value of the 41Ar(n,γ)42Ar thermal cross section is 240(80) mb at 25.3 meV. For the first time, direct counting of 42Ar was performed using the ultra-high sensitivity technique of noble gas accelerator mass spectrometry (NOGAMS) at Argonne National Laboratory, USA.
Activation cross-sections for short-lived reaction products on hafnium isotopes induced by 1 – 20 MeV neutrons
Authors: Semkova Valentina , Demerdjiev Anguel , Moens André , Otuka Naohiko , Plompen Arjan , Tonev Dimitar
Published: May 2023

Results of new activation cross-section measurements for production of 178m1Hf (T1/2 = 4.0 s) and 179m1Hf (T1/2 = 18.67 s) are presented for the following reactions: 178Hf(n,n´)178m1Hf, 179Hf(n,2n)178m1Hf, 180Hf(n,3n)178m1Hf, 179Hf(n,n´)179m1Hf, and 180Hf(n,2n)179m1Hf. The irradiations were carried out at the 7-MV Van de Graaff accelerator at EC-JRC, Geel. Neutrons in the 1-3 MeV energy range were produced via the 3H(p,n)3He reaction. Deuteron beam and a deuterium gas target were used to produce 5 and 6 MeV neutrons. For the production of quasi-monoenergetic neutrons between 16 and 19.5 MeV the 3H(d,n)4He reactions was employed. Both samples with natural composition and isotopic enrichment were employed to differentiate reactions leading to the same product. An automated pneumatic system was used for the sample irradiation, transport and radioactivity measurements. The radioactivity of the samples was determined by standard gamma-spectrometry using HPGe detector. The results obtained in the present work are compared with the data from other authors and TENDL-2017 evaluation.
Evaluation of light-element reactions in the resolved resonance region
Authors: Dimitriou Paraskevi , Chen Zhenpeng , J deBoer Richard. , Hale Gerald M. , Kunieda Satoshi , Leeb Helmut , Paris Mark , Pigni Marco T. , Srdinko Thomas , Tamagno Pierre , Thompson Ian J.
Published: May 2023

Light-element reactions at low energies in the resolved resonance region are important for a range of applications in basic and applied sciences including nuclear reactors, nonproliferation, cultural heritage, forensics and environmental control, rare event investigations and nuclear astrophysics.

In this paper, we report on an effort to evaluate charged-particle cross sections in the resolved resonance region and produce evaluated nuclear data files for further processing and inclusion in evaluated data libraries. We discuss the open issues in R-matrix calculations as we extend to higher energies, such as dealing with the rapidly growing number of open channels and merging with the regime of smooth cross sections described by the statistical model, and present attempts to address these issues in neutron-induced reactions relevant to nuclear reactor applications.
Testing the Extended SRM against the 238U(3He,4He)237U* surrogate probabilities
Authors: Bouland Olivier , Marini Paola , Jurado Beatriz
Published: May 2023

Since its introduction in the seventies’, the so-called surrogate-reaction method (SRM) has motivated the development and improvement of theories in connection to direct reactions. A recent work by Bouland and Noguère, Phys. Rev. C 102, 054608 (2020), has shown that the inclusion of experimental probabilities in the neutron cross section evaluation process can be better achieved using tools resulting from the efforts made over the two last decades. In particular, the authors have put forward a new prescription, named after the SRM as extended SRM (ESRM), to convert, with reasonable confidence, probabilities measured in direct reactions to pseudo-experimental neutron-induced reaction cross sections. Applied to the 174Yb(3He,py)176Lu* transfer reaction, the ESRM has demonstrated much more precision than the early use of the SRM. In addition to the ‘direct’ analysis of reaction probabilities measured in direct reactions using the right modeling as developed in Phys. Rev. C 100, 064611 (2019), it is worth to try converting the measured probabilities in pseudo experimental neutron-induced cross sections for neutron reactor data applications. In the present paper, first results, before conversion, are shown by applying the two ESRM equations to a fissile isotope.
A new R-matrix module for multi-channel calculations with GECCCOS
Authors: Srdinko Thomas , Leeb Helmut
Published: May 2023

A versatile new R-matrix module for multi-channel reaction calculations was introduced into the code GECCCOS (GEneral Coupled-Channel COde System) which has been developed by the nuclear data group at TU-Wien to perform nuclear reaction calculations especially for light nuclear systems. It provides a tool for phenomenological R-matrix analyses of reaction data combined with calculations of a potential-based calculable R-matrix using the Lagrange-mesh technique. In addition it provides a platform for the development of non-standard extensions of R-matrix theory such as Reduced R-matrix analyses and the Hybrid R-matrix. A successful run of the code yields the complete S-matrix (collision matrix) as well as observables for unpolarized beams, angle-differential cross sections, excitation functions and, if existing, angle-integrated cross sections. Recently, extensions to polarization observables for spin-1/2 and spin-1 particles were implemented and tested. For phenomenological R-matrix analyses a separate module assembles calculated and available experimental values, automatically performs transformations with regard to reference frame and matching radii. Furthermore it allows to switch between incident channel and compound nucleus representation and provides the necessary feedback for the chi2 fitting process.
Fission yield model for astrophysical use based on the four-dimensional Langevin model
Authors: Ishizuka Chikako , Tsubakihara Kohsuke , Zhang Xuan , Kouno Taiki , Usang Mark , Chiba Satoshi
Published: May 2023

Nuclear fission is expected to play an essential role in the r-process nucleosynthesis via the fission recycling process. However, the impact of the fission recycling process on the r-process is still unclear due to the ambiguity of the fission yields for nuclei far from the beta-stability line and superheavy nuclei. Our four-dimensional Langevin model can reproduce experimental nuclear fission properties, such as fission fragment mass distributions and total kinetic energies in a systematic manner including their sudden changes due to shell structure. Then we developed a phenomenological yield model for nuclei Z=92 to 122, ranging from neutron deficient to very neutron-rich ones, by fitting the fission fragment mass yield obtained by the Langevin model with five Gaussians. We use the charge distributions for each isobar based on a parametrization which we have evaluated based on thousands of experimental data for actinides, to obtain the fission yields in the form of (Z, N) distributions. What is unique here is the sudden change of the mass distribution from a 2-peak to 1-peak structure for the region of 256Fm, and the appearance of a 5-peak structure for superheavy nuclei predicted by the 4D Langevin calculation.
Producing Evaluation-quality 239Pu Average Prompt Fission Neutron Multiplicities using a Correlated Fission Model
Authors: Neudecker D. , Lovell A.E. , Talou P.
Published: May 2023

An evaluation of the average prompt fission neutron multiplicity, ν¯ p, of 239Pu(n,f) is shown. This evaluation includes (a) the correlated fission model CGMF, and (b) a detailed analysis of past and recently published experimental data. Using CGMF-calculated ν¯ pas prior enables to link, through the use of evaluated model input parameters, ν¯ p to other fission observables such as the prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS), pre-neutron emission fission yields as a function of mass, and the average total kinetic energy of the fragments. These evaluated parameters produce realistic predictions of many fission observables, while the evaluated ν¯ p agrees well (χ2 ≈ 1) with data. Moreover, with the new evaluated ν¯ p, the effective neutron multiplication factor of fast Pu ICSBEP critical assemblies are predicted with a mean bias of 58 pcm compared to 18 pcm with ENDF/B-VIII.0, when paired with a new 239Pu PFNS and fission cross section. Due to these encouraging validation results, the evaluated ν¯ p is currently part of a release candidate for the 239Pu ENDF/B-VIII.1 file. Hence, a correlated fission model was used for the first time for evaluating ν¯ p that is of evaluation quality. This is an important step towards consistent evaluations of prompt fission observables.
JRC MONNET – the intense fast-neutron source for fundamental and application-driven research
Authors: Fontana Cristiano Lino , Cédric Bonaldi , Geerts Wouter , Martinez Miguel Macías , Vidali Marzio , Oberstedt Stephan
Published: May 2023

MONNET is a fast-neutron source based on a 3.5 MV tandem accelerator, located at the Geel (BE) site of the Joint esearch Centre. It became operational in 2020. MONNET may deliver intense neutron beams in the energy range from 30 keV to 10.1 MeV and from 12.8 MeV to 24 MeV. Neutrons are generated by means of nuclear reactions in the target material (e.g. protons or deuterons on lithium-7, tritium or deuterium targets). MONNET delivers a neutron flux of up to 109 n/sr/s, depending on the producing reaction and the neutron energy. Neutron beams are essentially mono-energetic (∆En/En < 6% with En > 300 keV). The accelerator may also be used with proton and deuteron beams. Alpha beams will be offered soon. Photon beams are possible and presently under investigation.

The research program ranges from cross section measurements, e.g. (n, f), (n, p), (n, α) as well as (p, p′), (p, n) and (p, γ), nuclear fission research, material studies (e.g. radiation-induced damage), to the investigation of advanced methods in nuclear technologies, safety and security. The MONNET neutron source offers beamtime to external user within the JRC EUFRAT Open Access program. Proposal evaluation by an independent panel is taking place up to two times per year.
Resonance region evaluation of 16O for criticality safety and reactor applications
Authors: Leal Luiz , Leclaire Nicolas , Plompen Arjan , Urlass Sebastian , Junghans Arnd
Published: May 2023

The intent of this paper is to present the resolved resonance evaluation of 16O in the energy range from thermal to 6 MeV. The newness of the present work is that recent cross-section data for the 16O(n,α) 13C reaction taken at the GELINA time-of-flight facility and transmission data obtained at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR ) were included in the evaluation. The evaluation was carried out with the SAMMY code. The evaluation was used to calculate critical benchmark experiment sensitive to the 16O cross sections.
Gamma-Ray Spectrum Measurement from Capture Reactions of Uranium-238 for Thermal and Resonance Energy Neutrons
Authors: Nauchi Yasushi , Hori Jun-ichi , Terada Kazushi , Sano Tadafumi
Published: May 2023

γ-ray spectrum from the capture reaction of 238U is measured for the thermal and resonance energy neutrons at KURNS-LINAC facility. Prominent primary γ ray of 3.297 MeV listed in CapGam is not observed for the thermal energy neutrons. The measured γ-ray spectrum is varied with neutron energy so that we can expect neutron spectrum inducing 238U(n,γ) reactions in critical / subcritical cores could be deduced by the γ-ray spectroscopy for the cores. Preliminary deduced ratio of 4.060 MeV γ-ray emission to capture for the thermal energy neutron agrees with CapGam so that the deduction scheme is considered adequate.
Implementation of the RESKR module in NJOY
Authors: Zu Tiejun , Hébert Alain , Cao Liangzhi , Wu Hongchun
Published: May 2023

The Blackshaw-Murray[1] elastic kernel represents the effect of neutron up-scattering caused by thermal motion of target nuclei and resonance elastic scattering on the multigroup scattering matrices. A first implementation of this model was proposed by Ouisloumen and Sanchez and made available in proprietary cross-sections libraries of the PARAGON and APOLLO lattice codes.[2] Later, the same technique was reimplemented as module RESK in the NECP-Atlas cross-section generating code by J. Xu, T. Zu and L. Cao.[3, 4] The proposed reskr module in NJOY-2012 and NJOY-2016 is based on the implementation of module RESK in the NECP-Atlas cross-section generating code.[5] The reskr module is released under the BSD Open-Source license.
First high resolution measurement of neutron capture resonances in 176Yb at the n_TOF CERN facility
Authors: García-Infantes F. , Praena J. , Casanovas A. , Mastromarco M. , Aberle O. , Alcayne V. , Altieri S. , Amaducci S. , Amar Es-Sghir H. , Andrzejewski J. , Babiano-Suarez V. , Bacak M. , Balibrea J. , Bennett S. , Bernardes A.P. , Berthoumieux E. , Bosnar D. , Busso M. , Caamaño M. , Calviño F. , Calviani M. , Cano-Ott D. , Castelluccio D.M. , Cerutti F. , Cescutti G. , Chasapoglou S. , Chiaveri E. , Colombetti P. , Colonna N. , Console Camprini P.C. , Coréts G. , Cortés-Giraldo M.A. , Cosentino L. , Cristallo S. , Di Castro M. , Diacono D. , Diakaki M. , Dietz M. , Domingo-Pardo C. , Dressler R. , Dupont E. , Duarn I. , Eleme Z. , Fargier S. , Fernández-Domínguez B. , Finocchiaro P. , Fiore S. , Furman V. , Gawlik-Ramięga A. , Gervino G. , Gilardoni S. , González-Romero E. , Guerrero C. , Gunsing F. , Gustavino C. , Heyse J. , Jenkins D.G. , Jericha E. , Junghans A. , Kadi Y. , Katabuchi T. , Knapova I. , Kokkoris M. , Kopatch Y. , Krtička M. , Kurtulgil D. , Ladarescu I. , Lederer-Woods C. , Lerendegui-Marco J. , Lerner G. , Manna A. , Martínez T. , Masi A. , Massimi C. , Mastinu P. , Atteucci F. , Maugeri E. A. , Mazzone A. , Mendoza E. , Mengoni A. , Michalopoulou V. , Milazzo P. M. , Mucciola R. , Murtas F. , Musacchio-Gonzalez E. , Musumarra A. , Negret A. , Oprea A. , Pérez-Maroto P. , Patronis N. , Pavón-Rodríguez J. A. , Pellegriti M. G. , Perkowski J. , Petrone C. , Piersanti L. , Pirovano E. , Pomp S. , Porras I. , Protti N. , Quesada J. M. , Rauscher T. , Reifarth R. , Ochman D. , Romanets Y. , Romano F. , Rubbia C. , Sánchez A. , Sabaté-Gilarte M. , Schillebeeckx P. , Schumann D. , Sekhar A. , Smith A. G. , Sosnin N. V. , Spelta M. , Stamati M. E. , Tagliente G. , Tarifeño-Saldivia A. , Tarrío D. , Terranova N. , Torres-Sánchez P. , Urlass S. , Valenta S. , Variale V. , Vaz P. , Vescovi D. , Vlachoudis V. , Lastou R. , Wallner A. , Woods P. J. , Wright T. , Žugec P. ,   The n_TOF Collaboration (www.cern.ch/ntof)
Published: May 2023

Several international agencies recommend the study of new routes and new facilities for producing radioisotopes with application to nuclear medicine. 177Lu is a versatile radioisotope used for therapy and diagnosis (theranostics) of cancer with good success in neuroendocrine tumours that is being studied to be applied to a wider range of tumours. 177Lu is produced in few nuclear reactors mainly by the neutron capture on 176Lu. However, it could be produced at high-intensity celeratorbased neutron facilities. The energy of the neutrons in accelerator-based neutron facilities is higher than in thermal reactors.Thus, experimental data on the 176Yb(n,γ) cross-section in the eV and keV region are mandatory to calculate accurately the production of 177Yb, which beta decays to 177Lu. At present, there are not experimental data available from thermal to 3 keV of the 176Yb(n,γ) cross-section. In addition, there is no data in the resolved resonance region (RRR). This contribution shows the first results of the 176Yb capture measurement performed at the n_TOF facility at CERN.
General-purpose Nuclear Data Library JENDL-5 and to the Next
Authors: Iwamoto Osamu , Iwamoto Nobuyuki , Kunieda Satoshi , Minato Futoshi , Nakayama Shinsuke , Kimura Atsushi , Nakamura Shoji , Endo Shunsuke , Nagaya Yasunobu , Tada Kenichi , Konno Chikara , Matsuda Norihiro , Yokoyama Kenji , Taninaka Hiroshi , Oizumi Akito , Okita Shoichiro
Published: May 2023

Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library version 5 (JENDL-5) was released in 2021. JENDL-5 is intended to extend its generality from JENDL-4.0 by covering a wide variety of nuclear data for applications not only to nuclear design and decommissioning, but also to other radiation-related fields. Overview of JENDL-5 and a plan for the next of JENDL-5 are presented.
Current status of the verification and processing system GALILÉE-1 for Evaluated Data
Authors: Coste-Delclaux Mireille , Jouanne Cédric , Mounier Claude
Published: May 2023

This paper describes the current status of GALILÉE-1 [1], the new verification and processing system for evaluated data, developed at CEA. It consists of various components respectively dedicated to read/write the evaluated data independently of the format, to diagnose inconsistencies in the evaluated data and to provide continuous-energy and multigroup data as well as probability tables for particle transport and depletion codes. All these components are written in C++ language and share the same objects. In this paper, we detail themain advances made in GALILÉE-1 : Unresolved Resonance Range (URR) treatment, Thermal Scattering Law (TSL) processing and anisotropy calculations from resonance parameters.
Deuteron and alpha sub-libraries of JENDL-5
Authors: Nakayama Shinsuke , Iwamoto Osamu , Sublet Jean-Christophe
Published: May 2023

JENDL-5, the latest version of the Japanese evaluated nuclear data library, includes several sub-libraries to contribute to various applications. In this paper, we outline the evaluation and validation of the deuteron reaction sub-library developed mainly for the design of accelerator-based neutron sources and the alpha-particle reaction sub-library developed mainly for use in the back-end field. As for the deuteron sub-library, the data for 6,7Li, 9Be, and 12,13C from JENDL/DEU-2020 were partially modified and adopted. The data up to 200 MeV for 27Al, 63,65Cu, and 93Nb, which are important as accelerator structural materials, were newly evaluated based on the calculations with the DEURACS code. As for the alpha-particle sub-library, the data up to 15 MeV for 18 light nuclides from Li to Si isotopes were evaluated based on the calculations with the CCONE code, and then only the neutron production cross sections were replaced with the data of JENDL/AN-2005. Validation on neutron yield by Monte Carlo transport simulations was performed for both sub-libraries. As a result, it was confirmed that the simulations based on the sub-libraries showed good agreement with experimental data.
The Calculation and Comparison of Criticality Benchmark Models with ENDF/B-VIII.0 and CENDL-3.2 Fe-56 Nuclear Data
Authors: Shi Bo , Liu Xiaobo
Published: May 2023

In order to compare the ENDF/B-VIII.0 and CENDL-3.2 Fe-56 nuclear data, twenty-nine iron sensitive models were selected from the International Criticality Safety Benchmarking Experiments Evaluation Project(ICSBEP), including twenty-one highly enriched uranium models and eight plutonium metal models.The benchmark models were modeled in MC program and keff were calculated with complete ENDF/B-VIII.0, and with hybrid ENDF/B-VIII.0 with CENDL-3.2 Fe-56 substituted, respectively. For most models, the benchmarking criticality calculation results show that with hybrid ENDF/B-VIII.0 there are 381 pcm or less reduction in keff, compared with complete ENDF/B-VIII.0. Besides, it shows improved agreement for plutonium metal models and a little worsened agreement for highly enriched uranium models with hybrid ENDF/B-VIII.0.
Analyses of JAEA/FNS iron in-situ experiment with latest nuclear data libraries
Authors: Konno Chikara , Kwon Saerom
Published: May 2023

We found ENDF/B-VIII.0 caused the following problems through our analyses of the iron insitu experiment at JAEA/FNS; 1) the neutron flux of 1 - 10 keV is overestimated more in the shallower region of the iron assembly, 2) the reaction rate of 115In (n,n’)115mIn is underestimated more in the deeper region, 3) the neutron flux above 10 MeV is underestimated more in the deeper region. The reasons for these problems were investigated in detail and it was specified that the inelastic scattering data of 56Fe in ENDF/BVIII. 0 mainly caused the first and second problems and that the cross section of the (n,2n) reaction and the angular distribution data of the elastic scattering of 56Fe in ENDF/B-VIII.0 caused the third problem.
International criticality benchmark comparison exercise in support of nuclear data validation
Authors: Leclaire Nicolas , Duhamel Isabelle , Leal Luiz , Dumont Véronique , Heinrichs Dave , Kim Soon S. , Alwin Jennifer L. , Macquigg M. Robbie , Rising Mike E. , Spencer Kristina Y. , Marshall William J. , Saylor Ellen M.
Published: May 2023

The objective of this paper is to present the main results of the keff inter-comparison exercise performed in 2019-2022 by LANL, LLNL, ORNL and IRSN on a set of common benchmarks. The paper includes a description of the methodology to make the inter-comparison, presents the set of selected cases along with the main tendencies that could be at-tributed to nuclear data. In addition, it identifies some issues on the processing and interpretation of nuclear data done by the various codes of the intercomparison.
A Case Study on Deep Learning applied to Capture Cross Section Data Analysis
Authors: Sanchez-Caballero Adrian , Alcayne Víctor , Cano-Ott Daniel , Mendoza Emilio , Pérez de Rada Alberto ,   the n_TOF collaboration
Published: May 2023

A good data analysis of neutron cross section measurements is necessary for generating high quality and reliable nuclear databases. Artificial intelligence techniques, and in particular deep learning, have proven to be very useful for pattern recognition and data analysis, and thus may be used in the field of experimental nuclear physics. In this publication, we train a neural network in order to improve the capture-to-background ratio of neutron capture data of measurements performed in the time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN with the so-called Total Absorption Calorimeter. The evaluation of this deep learning-based method on accurate Monte Carlo simulated measurements with 197Au and 239Pu samples suggests that the capture-to-background ratio can be increased 5 times above the standard method.
Experimental validation of thermal scattering evaluations
Authors: Danon Yaron , Fritz Dominik , Wang Benjamin , Cook Katelyn , Singh Sukhjinder , Ney Adam , Brain Peter , Blain Ezekiel , Rapp Michael , Daskalakis Adam , Barry Devin , Trumbull Timothy , Chapman Chris , Arbanas Goran
Published: May 2023

In order to test the performance of new neutron thermal scattering law (TSL) evaluations it is desirable to have experimental data that is highly sensitive to the TSL and provides high fidelity information on the energy dependent performance of TSL evaluations. Three relevant experiments are discussed including: accurate thermal total cross section measurements, thermal neutron die-away experiments, and neutron leakage experiments. The experimental setups and results are reviewed and examples provided for some moderators including polyethylene, Plexiglas, and YHx. For the experiments preformed thus far, there is generally good agreement between the measured total cross section and simulations using current TSL evaluations, however in certain energy ranges differences were observed. Similarly neutron die-away and leakage measurements for samples at room temperature are in good agreement with data computed from TSLs, however leakage measurements for polyethylene at 29K show discrepancies with TSL evaluations.
Effects of Hydrogen Bonding on Nuclear Data Development of Liquid Anhydrous HF
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Fleming N. Colby , Hawari Ayman I.
Published: May 2023

Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) at high temperatures and pressures is used to process and manufacture nuclear fuel. As HF is often used directly with uranium, correct neutron thermal scattering cross sections are crucial to criticality safety applications. Classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulation of the flexible HF system was used to create the thermal scattering law (TSL) and cross sections. The initial 2-site model is used in LAMMPS, and it can not capture the H-bond. To correctly represent the H-bond effects, a second, 3-site model was constructed in GROMACS. The 3-site model handled H-bonds by connecting a massless charge to the molecule. Key model parameters were compared to experimental data to verify the approach and models. To get the normalized VACF, the model was compared using hydrogen and fluorine bond length, density, potential energy, and diffusion coefficient. The phonon DOSs for both models were derived from the normalized VACF. DOSs were used to estimate the TSL (S(α,β)) and neutron thermal scattering cross sections for hydrogen in HF. The TSLs were evaluated using the FLASSH code with the Schofield diffusion model. It was observed that the representation of the hydrogen bonding changes the TSL's diffusional contributions. This is represented in the low energy scattering cross section, where intermolecular binding effects shift the cross section.
Development of thermal scattering kernels for sodium hydroxide
Authors: Klinkby Esben , Marquez Damian José Ignacio , DiJulio Douglas D. , Muhrer Günter , Krzystyniak Matthew , Mortazavi Ali , Goodway Chris , Romanelli Giovanni
Published: May 2023

NaOH was recently proposed as a moderator for the compact molten salt reactors, under development by Seaborg Technologies. In order to reliably predict the thermalisation of neutrons in such a reactor, the simulations must be based on modelling which accurately accounts for the low-energy neutron interactions in NaOH. This information is contained within thermal scattering libraries that are used during Monte-Carlo simulations. In this paper, we present the results of neutron scattering experiments carried out at VESUVIO, ISIS in order to facilitate the development thermal scattering libraries for solid NaOH.
Nuklearmedizinische Ultraschall-Fusionsbildgebung – Klinische Möglichkeiten und derzeitige Limitationen
Authors: Gühne Falk , Seifert Philipp , Freesmeyer Martin , Winkens Thomas
Published: May 2023

Die nuklearmedizinische Ultraschall-Fusionsbildgebung lässt sich unter anderem für die
Diagnostik der Schilddrüse und Nebenschilddrüsen klinisch sinnvoll einsetzen und erlaubt die
zweifelsfreie räumliche Korrelation metabolischer und morphologischer Informationen.
Allerdings beschränkt sich die praktische Anwendung aufgrund derzeit noch limitierender
Aspekte auf ausgewählte Fälle und wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen. Die Entwicklung eines
integrierten hybriden Detektors zur simultanen nuklearmedizinisch-sonografischen Bildgebung
wäre eine Möglichkeit, die bestehenden Limitationen zu überwinden.
Aesthetic Implications of Bilateral Profunda Artery Perforator Flaps on Thigh and Buttock Proportions
Authors: Henn Dominic , Lakatta Alexis , Teotia Sumeet S. , Haddock Nicholas T.
Published: May 2023

Background The profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has emerged as an excellent secondary option for autologous breast reconstruction. Despite the increased acceptance, potential secondary benefits concerning aesthetic proportions of proximal thigh and buttock at the donor site have never been systematically investigated.

Methods A retrospective review of 151 patients who underwent breast reconstruction with horizontally designed PAP flaps (292 flaps) from 2012 to 2020 was performed. Patient characteristics, complications, and numbers of revision surgeries were collected. In bilateral reconstructions, pre- and postoperative standardized patient photographs were analyzed to identify postoperative changes in proximal thigh and buttock contour. The patients' own perception of postoperative aesthetic changes was determined by an electronic survey.

Results The patients had a mean age of 51 and a mean body mass index of 26.3 kg/m2. The most common complications were minor and major wound complications affecting 35.1% of patients, followed by cellulitis (12.6%), seroma (7.9%), and hematoma (4.0%). A total of 38 patients (25.2%) underwent revision of the donor site. After reconstruction, patients were found to have aesthetically improved proximal thigh and buttock proportions, indicated by a wider thigh gap (thigh gap-hip ratio: 0.05 ± 0.04 vs. 0.13 ± 0.05, p < 0.0001) and reduction in lateral thigh-to-buttock ratio (0.85 ± 0.05 vs. 0.76 ± 0.05, p < 0.0001). Among the 85 patients who responded to the survey (56.3% response rate), 70.6% felt that PAP surgery had aesthetically either improved their thigh contour (54.12%) or not changed it (16.47%), whereas only 29.4% reported that the surgery negatively impacted their thigh contour.

Conclusion PAP flap breast reconstruction leads to improved aesthetic proportions of the proximal thigh and buttock. This approach is ideal for patients with ptotic tissue of the inferior buttocks and medial thigh, a poorly defined infragluteal fold, and inadequate anterior-posterior buttock projection.
Identification and Intervention of Hearing Loss in Maharashtra: A Survey of Parental Experience
Authors: Deshpande Shweta , Bhogade Madhuri Ramdas
Published: May 2023

Background Universal newborn hearing screening is not yet fully implemented in India at a national level due to many challenges like cost, limited specialist staff, loss to follow-up, and importance of hearing in speech language development. Most often the parents identify and initiate intervention for the child's hearing loss after the critical period of development is over. There is a need to explore the age at which children are detected and identified with hearing loss, fitted with appropriate intervention, and the barriers faced during this process.

Method Data was collected from parents of 60 children with hearing loss aged between 2 and 6 years. A questionnaire comprising of 27 items was developed and administered on parents through face-to-face and telephonic interviews. The data was descriptively analyzed to study the parents’ responses.

Results The median age at suspicion was 12 months, median age at identification was 18 months, and age at initiation of intervention was 24 months in children with hearing loss between the age range of 2 to 6 years. Financial constraint was reported to be the most common barrier among the others faced by the parents.

Conclusion This study highlights the current status of the age at identification and intervention of hearing loss in children in Maharashtra. These findings can help to create awareness regarding the need for early identification and appropriate management in children with hearing loss for development of adequate verbal communication skills.
Body-worn camera activation in prisons: understanding correctional officers’ decision-making and use of discretion
Authors: Dodd Shannon , Antrobus Emma , Sydes Michelle
Published: May 2023

Corrective service agencies worldwide have started to introduce body-worn cameras (BWCs) in prisons as part of correctional officers’ personal protective equipment. Like the policing context, this technology is often introduced in haste, with little consideration of the privacy and ethical concerns that may be raised through this more intensive form of prisoner surveillance. No studies to date have explored the decision-making of correctional officers around BWCs. Thus, this article details a mixed-methods study of correctional officers’ use of BWCs in Queensland, Australia. This study demonstrates how correctional officers exercise their discretion around BWC use, including how and in what situations they activate their camera and the ways they navigate the use of this technology amidst prisoner privacy and security concerns.
An investigation of pathways for rebuilding Australia’s sheep flock
Authors: Brien F. D. , Pitchford R. L. , Vogt S. P. , Koopman D. J.
Published: May 2023

Context A significant opportunity remains to further increase the supply of premium sheepmeat products to Australia’s customers, which requires a more rapid rebuilding of the national sheep flock. To help meet this challenge, developing relevant information for sheep producers to assist them to achieve a profitable flock-rebuilding outcome is viewed as highly desirable. Aims (1) Develop flock-rebuild scenarios that track inventory, cashflow, profit and loss, and the overall balance sheet over a 5-year projection. (2) Model the impact on flock-rebuilding pathways of exposure to variation in supplementary-feed costs, purchase of stock and price received for sale animals and flock structure. (3) Model variation in benefits and costs for a range of production zones, enterprise types and flock-age profiles. Methods Fourteen flock-rebuilding pathways were assessed for up to nine flock types, using a spreadsheet model that tracked inventory, cashflow, profit and loss, and the overall balance sheet over 5 years. Key results The top four pathways for profitability and capacity to rapidly rebuild flock numbers include retention of more older ewes, purchasing young ewes, purchasing older ewes (mostly 5–6-year olds) in Merino and Merino-cross flock types only and joining ewe lambs in Maternal and Cleanskin flock types only. These pathways were not sensitive to variation in the cost of supplementary feed, stock prices or flock structure, although joining Merino ewe lambs became one of the top four pathways when feed costs were lower. Conclusions and implications The well established practices of retaining ewes for longer and purchasing ewes, especially young ewes, have the most potential to both rapidly and profitably rebuild flock numbers. However, joining ewe lambs, particularly in Maternal and Cleanskin flocks, can also profitably contribute to rapid flock rebuilding. While reducing reproductive wastage or increasing reproductive potential were mostly profitable, they could not rapidly rebuild flock numbers. In contrast, accelerated lambing systems can rapidly rebuild flock numbers, but are only marginally profitable.
Archiving an academic legacy
Authors: Caple Helen , Butt David , Christie Frances , Doran Y. J.
Published: May 2023

Michael Halliday’s and Ruqaiya Hasan’s estates have been found
to include a large amount of unpublished materials: draft papers, research
notes, photographs, comments on student papers and so on. They comprise
important elements of their legacy and a potential research resource. In this
paper we outline a project to preserve and digitise these materials and to make
them readily available internationally. The project is being carried out under
the auspices of, and with the support of, the Australian Systemic Functional
Linguistics Association Inc. (ASFLA).
A comparative study of nominal group systems and structures between
Lhasa Tibetan and Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Wang Pin
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a text-based comparative study of the
construal of entities through nominal groups in Lhasa Tibetan and Mandarin
Chinese. It approaches the grammatical description of nominal groups from the
ideational and textual perspectives, and gives priority to the perspective “from
above”, taking as point of departure the discourse semantic systems of
ideation and identification. From the perspective of
ideation, the comparison focuses on the classification, description
and quantification of entities. From the perspective of identification,
the comparison focuses on the presentation or presumption of entities in
discourse, and the determination and qualification of them. In terms of
grammatical realisations, the nucleus function of a nominal group, Thing, enters
into multivariate structures with a range of pre- and post-Thing functions.
However, configuration and realisation of the functions are language-specific.
This study makes explicit structural consequences of systemic choices in nominal
group grammar, and attends to the problem of structural markers, drawing on the
notion of “subjacency” structure proposed in Martin et al. (2021) and Martin and Doran (this issue).
On Metapragmatic Gaslighting: Truth and Trump’s Epistemic Tactics in a Plague Year
Authors: Donzelli Aurora
Published: May 2023

This article focuses on the nexus between political discourse and contemporary concerns about the arbitration of truth to argue that Trump’s way of using speech about speech (i.e., his metapragmatic discourse) resembles the manipulation tactic commonly called gaslighting. Based on examples drawn from 2020 (i.e., White House press conferences and electoral presidential debates), I explore Trump’s metapragmatic gaslighting both as an epistemic tactic for the manipulation of information and as an effective style of political self-presentation. By analyzing specific instances of Trump’s metapragmatic commentaries that blatantly contradict shared pragmatic principles for the interpretation of utterances’ illocutionary force and denotational content, I show how Trump is able to present himself as a champion of semantic and moral candor and simultaneously promote a highly personalist view of the meaning-making process. In so doing, I also propose a metapragmatic approach to the epistemological and political predicaments posed by the “post-truth” epistemic regime.
Language and Neoliberalism in the Online Cosmetic Sample Business
Authors: Dou Gloria Yan
Published: May 2023

This article presents a digital ethnographic study of amateur entrepreneurs who sell cosmetic samples primarily in an online marketplace in Hong Kong to illustrate how they use language to to create added value in their unconventional beauty product niche. It examines how these people cross over to an authoritative and professional brand persona by reappropriating product description of the original products to introduce their own beauty sample products to a wide audience, forming interdiscursive links between the original brand and their own business. These linguistic and semiotic resources afforded by the online platforms help create extra value in the normally not-so-expensive cosmetic sample products being (re)sold by ordinary, unauthorized people. The marketing decision and invested labor of these amateur entrepreneurs display their neoliberal selfhoods, illustrating the precarious nature of their online business. This study offers unique insight into current research about the authenticity and commodification of language.
Emergent anomalous transport and non-Gaussianity in a simple mobile–immobile model: the role of advection
Authors: Doerries Timo J , Metzler Ralf , Chechkin Aleksei V
Published: May 2023

We analyse the transport of diffusive particles that switch between mobile and immobile states with finite rates. We focus on the effect of advection on the density functions and mean squared displacements (MSDs). At relevant intermediate time scales we find strong anomalous diffusion with cubic scaling in time of the MSD for high Péclet numbers. The cubic scaling exists for short and long mean residence times in the immobile state

τ

i
m

. For long

τ

i
m

the plateau in the MSD at intermediate times, previously found in the absence of advection, also exists for high Péclet numbers. Initially immobile tracers are subject to the newly observed regime of advection induced subdiffusion for short immobilisations and high Péclet numbers. In the long-time limit the effective advection velocity is reduced compared to advection in the mobile phase. In contrast, the MSD is enhanced by advection. We explore physical mechanisms behind the emerging non-Gaussian density functions and the features of the MSD.
Interaction of four level closed loop atomic systems in the presence of two vector beams
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Manchaiah Dixith , Easwaran Raghavan K
Published: May 2023

In this manuscript, we have theoretically studied the four level closed loop atomic systems in the presence of two vector beams. A spatially dependent transparency for the probe vector beam is obtained based on the semiclassical model. We have explicitly shown that the number of petals formed for probe absorption depends on the value of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the constituting beams. A detailed study for absorption and dispersion of right circularly polarized (RCP) and left circularly polarized (LCP) components of the probe beam is carried out and the importance of the polarization state of the beams on Higher Order Poincare Sphere (HOPS) is highlighted. An explicit effect of the interferometer phase of the vector beam which is geometric in nature, is shown for probe beam response. Three types of four level closed loop atomic system is studied with particular emphasis given for double Λ and Diamond atomic system. A dark state analysis of the atomic system is carried out which facilitate a physical understanding of the obtained results. Our study has explored the effects of inhomogeneity in both polarization and intensity for probe and coupling beam in a closed loop atomic system which is phase dependent.
Mid-infrared broadband metamaterial absorber based on van der Waals material
Authors: Liu Haotuo , Hu Yang , Ma Mingyi , Liu Meng , Ai Qing , Xie Ming , Wu Xiaohu
Published: May 2023

Van der Waals materials, such as α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3), have promising prospects in modern optics technologies, such as nano-imaging, negative refraction, and infrared detection. Particularly, the natural hyperbolic properties of α-MoO3 make it an excellent candidate for perfect absorber. Here, we propose a design method for achieving broadband absorption based on van der Waals material (α-MoO3) in the mid-infrared band. The segmented cubic Hermite interpolation is used to generate various geometric structures. Numerical results show that the average spectral absorptance of the optimized structure is up to 0.993 in the wavelength range of 10.4–12.7 μm. The high absorption performance can be explained as the slow-light effect. The impact of incident angle on absorption performance is also investigated. Finally, we calculate the spectral absorptance of the proposed absorber when the crystal axes of α-MoO3 are rotated in the x-y plane. Our findings pave a novel path for designing broadband absorbers based on van der Waals materials, particularly in the mid-infrared band.
Modeling and complexity analysis of a fractional-order memristor conservative chaotic system
Authors: Leng Xiangxin , Zhang Limeng , Zhang Chenkai , Du Baoxiang
Published: May 2023

Memristors are often utilized in circuit model analysis as one of the fundamental circuit components. In this paper, a five-dimensional conservative memristor chaotic system is built after the introduction of the memristor into a four-dimensional conservative chaotic system. The dynamic changes of the system are examined using phase diagram, mean value, and Lyapunov exponent spectrum. A line equilibrium point, symmetry and multi-stability are characteristics of the system; the phase trajectory can also produce shrinking and structure transformation behavior with the change of parameters. Furthermore, the system has initial offset boosting behaviors, conservative flows of it can be altered in position by changing two initial values, respectively. Most notably, we discover that the complexity of the system rises with the inclusion of memristor and again with the addition of fractional differential operators. It is shown that the complexity of chaotic systems may increase with the addition of memristors and fractional-order differential operators. At last, the NIST is used to test the randomness of the sequence, and the system's physical realizability is confirmed by the DSP platform.
Remote targeted electrical stimulation
Authors: Webb Taylor , Cheeniyil Rahul , Wilson Matthew , Kubanek Jan
Published: May 2023

Objective: The ability to generate electric fields in specific targets remotely would transform manipulations of processes that rest on electrical signaling. Approach: This article shows that focal electric fields are generated from distance by combining two orthogonal, remotely applied energies—magnetic and focused ultrasonic fields. The effect derives from the Lorentz force equation applied to magnetic and ultrasonic fields. Main results: We elicited this effect using standard hardware and confirmed that the generated electric fields align with the Lorentz equation. The effect significantly and safely modulated human peripheral nerves and deep brain regions of non-human primates. Significance: This approach opens a new set of applications in which electric fields are generated at high spatiotemporal resolution within intact biological tissues or materials, thus circumventing the limitations of traditional electrode-based procedures.
Statistical ensembles for phase coexistence states specified by noncommutative additive observables
Authors: Yoneta Yasushi , Shimizu Akira
Published: May 2023

A phase coexistence state cannot be specified uniquely by any intensive parameters, such as the temperature and the magnetic field, because they take the same values over all coexisting phases. It can be specified uniquely only by an appropriate set of additive observables. Hence, to analyze phase coexistence states the statistical ensembles that are specified by additive observables have been employed, such as the microcanonical and restricted ensembles. However, such ensembles are ill-defined or ill-behaved when some of the additive observables do not commute with each other. Here, we solve this fundamental problem by extending a generalized ensemble in such a way that it is applicable to phase coexistence states that are specified by noncommutative additive observables. We prove that this ensemble correctly gives the density matrix corresponding to phase coexistence states of general quantum systems as well as the thermodynamic functions. Furthermore, these ensembles are convenient for practical calculations because of their good analytic properties and useful formulas by which temperature and other intensive parameters are directly obtained from the expectation values of the additive observables. As a demonstration, we apply our formulation to a two-dimensional system whose phase coexistence states are specified by an additive observable (order parameter) that does not commute with the Hamiltonian.
A local algorithm and its percolation analysis of bipartite z-matching problem
Authors: Zhao Jin-Hua
Published: May 2023

A z-matching on a bipartite graph is a set of edges, among which each vertex of two types of the graph is adjacent to at most 1 and at most z (

⩾
1

) edges, respectively. The z-matching problem concerns finding z-matchings with the maximum size. Our approach to this combinatorial optimization problem is twofold. From an algorithmic perspective, we adopt a local algorithm as a linear approximate solver to find z-matchings on any graph instance, whose basic component is a generalized greedy leaf removal procedure in graph theory. From a theoretical perspective, on uncorrelated random bipartite graphs, we develop a mean-field theory for the percolation phenomenon underlying the local algorithm, leading to an analytical estimation of z-matching sizes on random graphs. Our analytical theory corrects the prediction by belief propagation algorithm at zero-temperature limit in (Kreačić and Bianconi 2019 Europhys. Lett.
126 028001). Besides, our theoretical framework extends a core percolation analysis of k-XORSAT problems to a general context of uncorrelated random hypergraphs with arbitrary degree distributions of factor and variable nodes.