bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Document Analyser for Screening of Journal Articles
Authors: Darus Saadiyah , Abdullah Abdul Muhaimin
Published: December 2011

The screening process of journal articles, done to determine the suitability for publication, is presently done manually. The chief editor or an assistant will read and check the submitted articles against some standard criteria of the journal. With the increase in the number of submissions, this task becomes a burden, which in turn causes delays in giving initial feedback to the authors. The objective of this paper is to describe the design and implementation of an automated document analyser that can be used by editors for initial screening of journal articles. This analyser was developed so that it can be used within a Microsoft Word environment via VBA macros. The current version of the software can determine the length of the title, information about author(s), the length of the abstract, number of keywords, the number of words in the content, the presence or absence of an acknowledgement, and whether a specific journal is cited in the article.
Tandem middle cerebral artery–internal carotid artery occlusions: reduced occlusion-to-revascularization time using a trans–anterior communicating artery approach with a Penumbra device
Authors: Padalino David J. , Deshaies Eric M.
Published: December 2011

Rapid revascularization of tandem extracranial and intracranial acute thromboembolic occlusions can be challenging and can delay restoration of blood flow to the cerebral circulation. Taking advantage of collateral pathways in the circle of Willis for thrombectomy can reduce the occlusion-to-revascularization time significantly, thereby protecting brain tissue from ischemic injury. The authors report using the trans–anterior communicating artery (ACoA) approach by using the Penumbra microcatheter to rapidly restore blood flow to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory prior to treating the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Two patients with acute onset of tandem ipsilateral ICA and MCA occlusions and a competent ACoA underwent rapid revascularization of the MCA using a trans-ACoA approach for pharmaceutical and mechanical thrombolysis with the 0.026-in Penumbra microcatheter. Subsequently, once blood flow was reestablished in the MCA territory via cross-filling from the contralateral ICA, the proximally occluded ICA dissection was revascularized with a stent. Both patients had rapid revascularization of the MCA territory (both Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Grade 3) with the trans-ACoA approach (19 and 36 minutes) followed by treatment of the ipsilateral proximal ICA occlusion. This prevented prolonged MCA ischemia time (72 and 47 minutes for ICA revascularization time saved) that would have otherwise occurred if the dissections were treated prior to revascularization of the MCA. Both patients had improved NIH Stroke Scale scores after the procedure. No adverse events from crossing the ACoA with the Penumbra microcatheter were encountered during the revascularization procedure. The trans-ACoA approach with the Penumbra microcatheter for rapid revascularization of an acutely thrombosed MCA in the setting of a simultaneous ipsilateral proximal ICA occlusion is feasible in patients with a competent ACoA. This technique can significantly minimize ischemic injury by reducing the occlusion-to-revascularization time and allow for MCA perfusion via collateral circulation while treating a proximal occlusion. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported trans-ACoA approach with the Penumbra microcatheter and the first to report the utilization of the collateral intracranial circulation to reduce occlusion-to-revascularization time.
Decompressive craniectomy in a neurologically devastated pregnant woman to maintain fetal viability
Authors: Whitney Nathaniel , Raslan Ahmed M. , Ragel Brian T.
Published: December 2011

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in pregnant women can result in devastating outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. Historically, there has been concern regarding the issues involved when the fetus is not yet viable outside the womb. Currently, the ability to treat severe TBI with aggressive management of intracranial pressure (ICP) has led to the possibility of sustaining maternal life until the fetus is of a viable age and can be delivered. The authors present the case of a young woman 21 weeks pregnant with a severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale Score 3) in whom safe medical ICP management became ineffective. A decompressive craniectomy was performed to obviate the need for aggressive medical management of elevated ICP using fetal-toxic medications, and thus providing the fetus the best chance of continued in utero development until a viable gestational age was reached.
Electroplated Coatings for Magnetically Operated Contacts (Reed Switches)
Authors: Shishkina Lyudmila , Lokshtanova Olga , Karabanov Sergey
Published: December 2011

Electroplated coatings for reed switches were developed and investigated. The optimal compositions of industrial electrolytes currently used in the mass production of reed switches were given. The pros and cons of the different electroplated coatings, including those containing precious metals and with barrier layers of base metal alloys, were discussed.
Effect of Byrsonima crassa and Phenolic Constituents on Helicobacter pylori-Induced Neutrophils Oxidative Burst
Authors: Bonacorsi Cibele , Raddi Maria Stella G. , Da Fonseca Luiz Marcos , Sannomiya Miriam , Vilegas Wagner
Published: December 2011

Byrsonima crassa Niedenzu (Malpighiaceae) is used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of diseases related mainly to gastric ulcers. In a previous study, our group described the gastric protective effect of the methanolic extract from the leaves of B. crassa. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of methanolic extract and its phenolic compounds on the respiratory burst of neutrophils stimulated by H. pylori using a luminol-based chemiluminescence assay as well as their anti-H. pylori activity. The suppressive activity on oxidative burst of H. pylori-stimulated neutrophils was in the order of methyl gallate > (+)-catechin > methanol extract > quercetin 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside > quercetin 3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside > amentoflavone. Methyl gallate, compound that induced the highest suppressive activity with IC50 value of 3.4 µg/mL, did not show anti-H. pylori activity. B. crassa could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidant in gastric ulcers by attenuating the effects on the damage to gastric mucosa caused by neutrophil generated reactive oxygen species, even when H. pylori displays its evasion mechanisms.
Significance of Dietary Antioxidants for Health
Authors: Gordon Michael H.
Published: December 2011

Since evidence became available that free radicals were involved in mechanisms for the development of major diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, there has been considerable research into the properties of natural dietary antioxidants. However, it has become clear that dietary antioxidants can only have beneficial effects in vivo by radical scavenging or effects on redox potential if they are present in tissues or bodily fluids at sufficient concentrations. For many dietary components, absorption is limited or metabolism into derivatives reduces the antioxidant capacity. For many dietary phytochemicals, direct antioxidant effects may be less important for health than other effects including effects on cell signalling or gene expression in vivo.
Retrieving Forest Inventory Variables with Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in Urban Heterogeneous Forest
Authors: Moskal L. Monika , Zheng Guang
Published: December 2011

We present the point cloud slicing (PCS) algorithm, to post process point cloud data (PCD) from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). We then test this tool for forest inventory application in urban heterogeneous forests. The methodology was based on a voxel data structure derived from TLS PCD. We retrieved biophysical tree parameters including diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, basal area, and volume. Our results showed that TLS-based metrics explained 91.17% (RMSE = 9.1739 cm, p < 0.001) of the variation in DBH at individual tree level. Though the scanner generated a high-density PCD, only 57.27% (RMSE = 0.7543 m, p < 0.001) accuracy was achieved for predicting tree heights in these very heterogeneous stands. Furthermore, we developed a voxel-based TLS volume estimation method. Our results showed that PCD generated from TLS single location scans only captures 18% of the total tree volume due to an occlusion effect; yet there are significant relationships between the TLS data and field measured parameters for DBH and height, giving promise to the utility of a side scanning approach. Using our method, a terrestrial LiDAR-based inventory, also applicable to mobile- or vehicle-based laser scanning (MLS or VLS), was produced for future calibration of Aerial Laser Scanning (ALS) data and urban forest canopy assessments.
Tongue Tumor Detection in Medical Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Liu Zhi , Wang Hongjun , Li Qingli
Published: December 2011

A hyperspectral imaging system to measure and analyze the reflectance spectra of the human tongue with high spatial resolution is proposed for tongue tumor detection. To achieve fast and accurate performance for detecting tongue tumors, reflectance data were collected using spectral acousto-optic tunable filters and a spectral adapter, and sparse representation was used for the data analysis algorithm. Based on the tumor image database, a recognition rate of 96.5% was achieved. The experimental results show that hyperspectral imaging for tongue tumor diagnosis, together with the spectroscopic classification method provide a new approach for the noninvasive computer-aided diagnosis of tongue tumors.
Current-induced dynamics in carbon atomic contacts
Authors: Lü Jing-Tao , Gunst Tue , Hedegård Per , Brandbyge Mads
Published: December 2011

Background: The effect of electric current on the motion of atoms still poses many questions, and several mechanisms are at play. Recently there has been focus on the importance of the current-induced nonconservative forces (NC) and Berry-phase derived forces (BP) with respect to the stability of molecular-scale contacts. Systems based on molecules bridging electrically gated graphene electrodes may offer an interesting test-bed for these effects.

Results: We employ a semi-classical Langevin approach in combination with DFT calculations to study the current-induced vibrational dynamics of an atomic carbon chain connecting electrically gated graphene electrodes. This illustrates how the device stability can be predicted solely from the modes obtained from the Langevin equation, including the current-induced forces. We point out that the gate offers control of the current, independent of the bias voltage, which can be used to explore current-induced vibrational instabilities due the NC/BP forces. Furthermore, using tight-binding and the Brenner potential we illustrate how Langevin-type molecular-dynamics calculations including the Joule heating effect for the carbon-chain systems can be performed. Molecular dynamics including current-induced forces enables an energy redistribution mechanism among the modes, mediated by anharmonic interactions, which is found to be vital in the description of the electrical heating.

Conclusion: We have developed a semiclassical Langevin equation approach that can be used to explore current-induced dynamics and instabilities. We find instabilities at experimentally relevant bias and gate voltages for the carbon-chain system.
Mechanical characterization of carbon nanomembranes from self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Zhang Xianghui , Beyer André , Gölzhäuser Armin
Published: December 2011

This paper reports on the mechanical characterization of carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) with a thickness of 1 nm that are fabricated by electron-induced crosslinking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). A novel type of in situ bulge test employing an atomic force microscope (AFM) is utilized to investigate their mechanical properties. A series of biphenyl-based molecules with different types of terminal and/or anchor groups were used to prepare the CNMs, such as 4'-[(3-trimethoxysilyl)propoxy]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (CBPS), 1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol (BPT) and 4-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol (NBPT). The elastic properties, viscoelastic behaviors and ultimate tensile strength of these biphenyl-based CNMs are investigated and discussed.
Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications
Authors: Paz Yaron
Published: December 2011

The ability to control the properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) attached to solid surfaces and the rare photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide provide a rationale for the study of systems comprising both. Such systems can be realized in the form of SAMs grown on TiO2 or, in a complementary manner, as TiO2 grown on SAMs. Accordingly, the current status of knowledge regarding SAMs on TiO2 is described. Photocatalytic phenomena that are of specific relevance to SAMs, such as remote degradation, and cases where SAMs were used to study photocatalytic phenomena, are discussed as well. Mastering of micro-patterning is a key issue en route to a successful assimilation of a variety of titanium dioxide based devices. Accordingly, particular attention is given to the description of a variety of methods and techniques aimed at utilizing the photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide for patterning. Reports on a variety of applications are discussed. These examples, representing the areas of photovoltaics, microelectronics, microelectromechanics, photocatalysis, corrosion prevention and even biomedicine should be regarded as appetizers paving the way for further studies to be performed.
Hommes et structures de la santé. De l'importance du terrain à l'heure de la mise en place de la loi HPST
Authors: Lacoste Olivier
Published: December 2011

La loi HPST représente un événement essentiel dont l’impact apparaîtra à l’avenir au travers de ce qu’elle aura permis de mettre en place en élargissant largement les conditions de l’opérationnalité de la santé publique sur le terrain. De nombreux projets territoriaux se conçoivent faisant appel à des raisonnements géographiques et géopolitiques qui contrastent avec les fictions d’institutions antérieurement utilisées. Parmi les sept grands axes de la politique nationale de santé, la question de la soutenabilité économique du système, plus que problématique, met en péril la réduction des inégalités territoriales de santé et le rôle d’amortisseur des crises économiques qu’a eu la protection dans les territoires les plus en difficulté. Si la problématique du vieillissement de la population pouvait être analysée et gérée par avance, la crise de la démographie des professionnels de santé, elle, ne s’est pas renouvelée à la hauteur des profondes mutations culturelles et structurelles qui ont caractérisé les médecins les moins âgés. La liberté d’installation ne peut être la seule cause d’une répartition géographique de professionnels de proximité et de professionnels de pôles dont la répartition s’analyse et se pense.
Du soin à la prévention, l'action d'une collectivité territoriale pour la santé publique : l'exemple de la Communauté de l'agglomération havraise
Authors: Harang-Cissé Maud , Demare-Lécossais Agnès
Published: December 2011

La Communauté de l’agglomération havraise (CODAH) est un des rares établissements publics de coopération intercommunale à avoir choisi d’œuvrer dans le champ de la promotion de la santé au titre de ses compétences. Les évolutions de cette mission de santé sont retracées depuis le début du xx e siècle. De par sa méthodologie de projet en santé publique, les actions de prévention sanitaire qu’elle mène, inspirées des priorités des plans nationaux et régionaux, répondent aux attentes et aux besoins de la population et des professionnels de santé avec lesquels elle travaille en étroite collaboration. Les résultats sont visibles, avec des réalisations concrètes pour agir au quotidien pour le bien-être de ses habitants.
Les juristes médiévaux italiens et la comptabilité commerciale avant sa formalisation en partie double de 1494
Authors: Minaud Gérard
Published: December 2011

Résumé La comptabilité du Moyen Âge est surtout connue à travers des collections de livres de comptes datant de cette époque, qui, pour la plupart, ont fait l’objet de nombreux commentaires depuis près d’un siècle. À côté de ce corpus documentaire, la riche littérature médiévale d’expression latine contient aussi de très abondantes analyses sur la tenue de ces registres. Les juristes d’alors n’ont pas rédigé de manuel spécifique sur l’art de tenir les livres de comptes ou sur un droit qui leur aurait été particulier. En revanche, leurs innombrables recommandations sont éparses et contenues dans des manuscrits très variés et parfois devenus rares. Toutefois, ces sources sont suffisamment significatives pour essayer de les limiter à celles antérieures à 1494, c’est-à-dire à la célèbre formalisation de la comptabilité en partie double établie par Luca Pacioli. À partir de cette documentation que les historiens de la comptabilité ont encore peu exploitée, on peut essayer d’identifier une éventuelle influence de la technique en partie double. Face une performante tenue des livres de comptes, un embarras certain s’est dégagé parmi les juristes médiévaux, étrangers au monde des chiffres et à celui du commerce. La tenue des livres de comptes a impressionné ces intellectuels au point de les inciter à justifier son origine, à établir ses règles, à définir sa valeur juridique et à instituer une procédure contentieuse concernant ces registres. Le seul modèle de référence des juristes médiévaux étant celui de l’antiquité romaine, le droit romain leur sert de base pour réfléchir sur la technique comptable qu’ils observaient. Ils utilisent à la fois leurs propres observations de la pratique et le droit romain afin de légitimer les usages des marchands contemporains pour mesurer, enregistrer et mémoriser leurs flux d’échanges.
Rire en ville. Rire de la ville
Authors: Ratouis Olivier , Baumeister Martin
Published: December 2011

La ville, on l’a vu, est tout à la fois un décor, un thème ou un motif. Elle abrite le rire et provoque le rire. Concernant la connaissance de la spécificité des médias (tant artistiques que culturels) pour dire la ville, l’histoire urbaine est en chantier. L’humour est un moyen particulièrement sensible de pénétrer la strate des changements sociaux, un vecteur puissant de compréhension des transformations. Or, la ville aux xix e et xx e siècle est elle-même et le sujet de ces transformations et leur mode d’inscription spatiale dominant. L’hypothèse d’un rire de la grande ville moderne, de la société industrielle, fait donc ici son chemin. Ce rire se découvre ses objets, inédits et liés à un environnement renouvelé. Ce rire en ville est aussi un rire de la ville, qui accompagne au moins jusqu’à la révolution numérique actuelle la conversion définitive et forcenée à la modernité urbaine. L’ambition de ce numéro d’Histoire urbaine est d’en esquisser quelques contours.
Evolución temporal y diversificación en Artemisia y géneros relacionados (Anthemideae, Asteraceae)
Authors: Sanz M. , Schneeweiss G. M. , Vilatersana R. , Vallès J.
Published: December 2011

Evolución temporal y diversificación en Artemisia y géneros relacionados (Anthemideae, Asteraceae).- Con el objetivo de estimar el tiempo de diversificación de los linajes de la subtribu Artemisiinae y el grupo Artemisia se aplicó un análisis de verosimilitud penalizado en base a las secuencias de ADNrn, ITS y ETS, de 63 representantes. El árbol se calibró en el nodo del linaje de Kaschgaria/Artemisia con el polen fósil de Artemisia que se consideró más fiablemente datado, siendo esta datación del Oligoceno Superior (23 Ma). Los resultados de este estudio datan el origen de la subtribu en el Oligoceno Superior (24,6 ± 2,6 Ma), mientras que la diferenciación del género Artemisia y los géneros relacionados es datada en el Mioceno Inferior (19,8 ± 2,3 Ma). El tiempo de divergencia de los linajes dentro del grupo Artemisia está situado entre el Mioceno Inferior y el Medio, mientras que la mayoría de sus radiaciones tuvieron lugar en el Mioceno Superior y en el Plioceno. El contexto temporal también se usó para examinar la evolución biogeográfica y morfológica (tipo de capítulo y polen). Todos los linajes dentro del grupo de Artemisia, excepto el complejo endémico norteamericano, han colonizado la cuenca mediterránea en diferentes épocas. Nuestros análisis sugieren la divergencia del grupo endémico norteamericano de antepasados asiáticos (10,8 ± 1,5 Ma) en el Mioceno Superior. El capítulo homógamo-discoide, característico de los subgéneros Seriphidium y Tridentatae, evolucionó no sólo en diferentes regiones geográficas, sino también en distintas épocas (2,0 ± 0,8 Ma y 7,9 ± 0,9 Ma respectivamente) dentro del grupo Artemisia. La pérdida de fertilidad de las flores centrales del capítulo disciforme se debería considerar como un evento antiguo en el género, puesto que el subgénero Dracunculus es uno de los primeros grupos que divergió (17,6 ± 2,1 Ma).
Consideraciones taxonómicas sobre algunos taxones egipcios de Capparis y géneros relacionados (Capparaceae) a partir de RAPDs
Authors: Moubasher H. , Abd El-Ghani M. M. , Kamel W. , Mansi M. , El-Bous M.
Published: December 2011

Consideraciones taxonómicas sobre algunos taxones egipcios de Capparis y géneros relacionados (Capparaceae) a partir de RAPDs.- El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar las relaciones taxonómicas entre ocho taxones pertenecientes a las Capparaceae en base a marcadores de tipo RAPD, y comparar los resultados con los obtenidos previamente en estudios morfológicos. Se han contabilizado un total de 46 bandas para tres pares de cebadores, con una media de 15,3 bandas por cebador. Los tres pares de cebadores (A03, A07 y A09) revelan ocho marcadores polimórficos entre los taxones estudiados, de entre 200 y 1000 pares de bases. El coeficiente de similaridad de Jaccard varía entre 0,28 y 0,84, indicativo de un alto nivel de variación genética entre los genotipos estudiados. El análisis UPGMA muestra tres grupos distintos, el primero comprende Cleome amblyocarpa y Gynandropsis gynandra, mientras que el segundo incluye dos grupos a la altura del valor 0,74 del dendrograma: uno se corresponde con Capparis decidua, y el otro comprende Capparis sinaica y todas las variedades de Capparis spinosa. Las cuatro variedades de C. spinosa se segregan a la altura del valor 0,84 del dendrograma. Sin embargo, una de estas variedades está más relacionada con C. sinaica que con las otras variedades de C. spinosa. El análisis de RAPD confirma los resultados de estudios anteriores basados en caracteres morfológicos.
La sección Atlanticae del género Luzula (Juncaceae)
Authors: Romo A. , Boratyński A.
Published: December 2011

La sección Atlanticae del género Luzula (Juncaceae).- Luzula atlantica Braun-Blanq. y Luzula tibestica (Quézel) Zarhan ex Romo & Boratynski son los únicos representantes de la sección Atlanticae Kirschner del género Luzula. Luzula atlantica es un endemismo del Alto Atlas y Luzula tibestica es una planta endémica del macizo de Tibesti. Ambos taxones son estudiados desde el punto de vista morfológico, nomenclatural, corológico y biogeográfico. Estos taxones, por su baja tasa de dispersión, se han diversificado probablemente in situ.
Teucrium x mailhoi Giraudias nothosubsp. orientalis nova, un nou híbrid del vessant meridional dels Pirineus
Authors: Soriano I. , Aymerich P.
Published: December 2011

[ca] Teucrium x mailhoi Giraudias nothosubsp. orientalis nova, un nou híbrid del vessant meridional dels Pirineus.- Donem notícia de l’observació d’una petita població de l’híbrid entre Teucrium aureum Schreb. subsp. aureum i T. pyrenaicum L. subsp. guarensis P. Monts. al vessant sud de la serra de Moixeró (Pirineus orientals), que proposem com a nova notosubespècie. Fem també una comparació morfològica entre l’híbrid i els dos presumptes parentals, i en presentem imatges de materials d’herbari i de la població natural.

[es] Teucrium x mailhoi Giraudias nothosubsp. orientalis nova, un nuevo híbrido de la vertiente sur pirenaica.- Damos a conocer una pequeña población de un híbrido entre Teucrium aureum Schreb. subsp. aureum y T. pyrenaicum L. subsp. guarensis P. Monts. de la vertiente sur de la Serra de Moixeró (Pirineos orientales), que proponemos como nueva notosubespecie. Presentamos asimismo una comparación de la morfología del híbrido con la de los dos presuntos parentales así como algunas imágenes tanto de especímenes de herbario como de la población natural.
Universal Families of Rational Tropical Curves
Authors: Francois Georges , Hampe Simon
Published: December 2011

We introduce the notion of families of n-marked, smooth, rational tropical curves over smooth tropical varieties and establish a one-to-one correspondence between (equivalence classes of) these families and morphisms from smooth tropical varieties into the moduli space of n-marked, abstract, rational, tropical curves Mn.
Relative ordering in the radial evolution of solar wind turbulence: the S-Theorem approach
Authors: Consolini G. , De Michelis P.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Over the past few decades scientists have shown growing interest in space plasma complexity and in understanding the turbulence in magnetospheric and interplanetary media. At the beginning of the 1980s, Yu. L. Klimontovich introduced a criterion, named S-Theorem, to evaluate the degree of order in far-from-equilibrium open systems, which applied to hydrodynamic turbulence showed that turbulence flows were more organized than laminar ones. Using the same theorem we have evaluated the variation of the degree of self-organization in both Alfvénic and non-Alfvénic turbulent fluctuations with the radial evolution during a long time interval characterized by a slow solar wind. This analysis seems to show that the radial evolution of turbulent fluctuations is accompanied by a decrease in the degree of order, suggesting that, in the case of slow solar wind, the turbulence decays with radial distance.
Evaluating the Outcomes of a Peer-Mentoring Program for Students Transitioning to Postsecondary Education
Authors: Goff Lori
Published: December 2011

A peer-mentoring program was developed for students in an introductory biology course at a university in Ontario, Canada. Students could attend up to five peer-mentoring sessions during their first semester. Quantitative-survey, participation, and academic data spanning from 2003 through 2007 were reviewed for the purpose of evaluating the program. An objectives-oriented approach was used to determine if the program was meeting its goals to improve students’ introductory biology grades, facilitate transitioning experiences, and encourage students to pursue studies in biology. Data analysis revealed that students who participated in the program felt that it was a valuable experience. Students attending three or more sessions performed significantly better in their introductory biology courses, measured by final grades achieved, than those attending fewer sessions. There were no indications that the peer-mentoring program had any impact on students’ perceptions of transitioning to university or on their program selection preferences. Recommendations are made to improve the peer-mentoring program to better align its components and objectives.
Un programme de mentorat par les pairs destiné aux étudiants qui suivent un cours d'introduction à la biologie a été implanter dans un université situé dans la province de l’Ontario. Les étudiants avaient accès à cinq séances de mentorat par les pairs au cours du premier semestre. Afin d’évaluer le programme, les chercheurs ont effectué des sondages quantitatifs, examiné la participation et les notes des étudiants entre 2003 et 2007. Ils ont utilisé une méthode axée sur les objectifs afin de déterminer si le programme atteignait ses objectifs qui consistaient à améliorer les notes des étudiants au cours d’introduction à la biologie, à faciliter leur transition et à les encourager à poursuivre des études en biologie. L'analyse des données révèle que les étudiants qui ont participé au programme de mentorat, l’ont trouvé utile. Les notes des étudiants qui ont participé à trois ou quatre séances étaient considérablement plus élevées que celles de ceux qui ont assisté à moins de séances. Rien n’indique que le programme de mentorat par les pairs influe sur la perception des étudiants en ce qui a trait à la transition vers l’université ni sur leurs préférences en matière de choix de programmes. Les chercheurs recommandent d’améliorer le programme de mentorat afin de mieux harmoniser ses composantes et ses objectifs.
Investigation of Bladder Deformability within the Development Process of the Artificial Urinary Diversion System – A Pilot Study
Authors: Kirchleitner Daniel , Roth Matthias , Wassermann Helmut , Jocham Dieter
Published: December 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate changes in the dimensions of human bladders in different body positions to determine the required deformability of an Artificial Urinary Diversion System (AUDS). This entirely artificial organ is comparable in size to the maximum capacity of natural bladders and is a replacement for diseased bladders, such those damaged by cancer.

Methods

The full bladders (determined by the individual's perception) of 5 healthy adult volunteers were imaged using a fully opened magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device in different body positions: standing, maximum flexion, and seated. Dimensional changes were measured in four directions (ventral, dorsal, cranial and caudal) using a custom graphical method based on midsagittal images; the standing position was used as the reference position.

Results

The maximum flexed position was compared to the reference position, and the largest change was found in the cranial extension of the bladders: 6±4.2 mm (mean±SD). The seated and reference positions were compared; the maximum change was in the cranial extension and was measured to be 18±2.8 mm.

Conclusions

The results indicate the requirement for a highly deformable artificial bladder in specific directions, such as the cranial and dorsal directions, which influences the positions of the technical components within the artificial organ. In a future development stage, artificial bladders will be designed using a computer-aided design system based on the results from this study and possibly a subsequent similar study.
Wear of Metal-on-Metal Hip Bearings: Metallurgical Considerations after Hip Simulator Studies
Authors: Affatato Saverio , Traina Francesco , Ruggeri Oddone , Toni Aldo
Published: December 2011

Metal-on-metal hip-bearing components with different percentages of carbon content (low and high carbon) were tested in 6 different configurations using a hip joint simulator. The aim of this study was to characterize metallurgical and tribological events occurring at the articulating surfaces of these articulations. Also, ion release was evaluated and correlated with wear. After the test, for the high-carbon components, carbides were observed below the matrix surface. In the low-carbon content components, most carbides were “carbide-free”, while a minority were worn below the matrix surface with increased test cycles. In the cast alloy components, some carbides were pulled out resulting in micropits. Scanning microscope electron characterization of the tested specimens showed scratches and holes. The surface showed a dominant severe wear mechanism due to third-body particles. A greater amount of ions was released in the lubricant used during the wear test for the smaller diameter compared with the bigger one. This study showed that the metallurgical and tribological events taking place at the articulating surfaces of metal-metal hip implants are numerous and complex. The surface morphology after the test showed the effect of more critical working conditions with smaller diameters.
Tissue Engineering of Bladder Using Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene-Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Chen Bai-Song , Xie Hua , Zhang Sheng-Li , Geng Hong-Quan , Zhou Jun-Mei , Pan Jun , Chen Fang
Published: December 2011

Purpose

This study assessed the use of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene-modified endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) seeded onto bladder acellular matrix grafts (BAMGs), to enhance the blood supply in tissue-engineered bladders in a porcine model.

Methods

Autologous porcine peripheral EPCs were isolated, cultured, expanded, characterized, and modified with the VEGF gene using an adenovirus vector. The expression of VEGF was examined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). VEGF gene modified EPCs were seeded onto BAMG and cultured for 3 days before implantation into pigs for bladder tissue engineering. A partial bladder cystectomy was performed in 12 pigs. The experimental group (6 pigs) received VEGF gene-modified EPC-seeded BAMG. The control group (6 pigs) received BAMG without seeded EPCs. The resulting tissue-engineered bladders were subject to a general and histological analysis. Microvessel density (MVD) was assessed using immunohistochemistry.

Results

The ex vivo transfection efficiency of EPCs was greater than 60%-70% when concentrated adenovirus was used. The genetically modified cells expressed both VEGF and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Masson's trichrome staining of cross sections of the cultured cells seeded to BAMG showed cell attachment and proliferation on the surface of the BAMG. Histological examination revealed bladder regeneration in a time-dependent fashion. Significant increases in MVD were observed in the experimental group, in comparison with the control group.

Conclusions

VEGF-modified EPCs significantly enhanced neovascularization, compared with BAMG alone. These results indicate that EPCs, combined with VEGF gene therapy, may be a suitable approach for increasing blood supply in the tissue engineering of bladders. Thus, a useful strategy to achieve a tissue-engineered bladder is indicated.
The onset of the West African monsoon simulated in a high‐resolution atmospheric general circulation model with reanalyzed soil moisture fields
Authors: Yamada T. J. , Kanae S. , Oki T. , Hirabayashi Y.
Published: December 2011

The simulation of the onset of the West African monsoon (WAM), associated with the northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) occurring in May, June, and July, is a challenging task for atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs), because of complex water and energy balance through the land‐atmosphere interaction as well as atmospheric processes. We provide evidence that a combination of state‐of‐the‐art global fields of reanalyzed soil moisture anomalies and a sufficiently high‐resolution (∼50 km) AGCM produces a successful simulation of the northward shift of the ITCZ and the following onset of the WAM in July. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
E‐Word‐of‐Mouth on health social networking sites: An opportunity for tailored health communication
Authors: Liang Bo , Scammon Debra L.
Published: December 2011

Because of the limitation of time and resources, health professionals are often not able to provide support for consumers via personal communication. Consumers are increasingly active in managing their own health. E‐word‐of‐mouth (eWOM), or consumer‐generated content, on health social networking sites (SNSs) provides a new opportunity for health communication tailored to consumers' personal needs. Using netnography, a well structured internet‐based ethonography, we analyze discussion threads posted to an obesity support group on a popular health SNS based in the US. We classify e‐group members as support seekers and providers. Our results identify two major features of eWOM on health SNSs that facilitate tailored health communication. First, eWOM on health SNSs provides the types of support (informational and emotional) that help support seekers actively cope with heath‐related problems and strains. Second, eWOM on health SNSs contains massages rich with personal experiences of support providers that offer solutions for problems that support seekers face in everyday situations. As support seekers participate in SNSs, their opportunity for learning means that they can become ‘information elite’, evolving from support seekers to support providers. We discuss important implications for policymakers and marketers for learning from and participating in eWOM on health SNSs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mining messages: Exploring consumer response to consumer‐ vs. firm‐generated ads
Authors: Pehlivan Ekin , Sarican Funda , Berthon Pierre
Published: December 2011

Social media provide consumers with a platform for interactivity, and interactivity leads to consumer empowerment by providing the consumer with a platform to make their voice heard. This paper contributes to the marketing literature exploring the voice of the consumer in consumer‐generated advertisements (CGAs). The objective of this research is to find ways to measure consumer response to CGAs. We measure whether they differ from firm‐generated ads in the responses they elicit and also observe whether they generate different responses by ad type, or if some categories have similar responses. We review CGAs for Apple's MacBook Air lightweight laptop and run a text mining application to understand the common themes and conduct text analysis on the responses to both CGAs and firm‐generated ads to answer the question “Is the source of the advertisement important?” Text analytics also enable us to measure consumers' attitude toward products, companies, and ads. We then work toward understanding why and under what circumstances CGAs are effective and how companies may handle or foster different types of CGAs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To achieve or not to achieve? Comparative mindsets elicit assimilation and contrast in goal priming
Authors: Crusius Jan , Mussweiler Thomas
Published: December 2011

Goal priming typically leads to goal‐consistent behavior. This uniform pattern is surprising given other types of priming effects, which have been found to be more variable. On the basis of previous research on judgment priming effects, we predicted that a comparative mindset to focus on similarities versus differences also affects the direction of goal priming. Two studies show that assimilation to a primed goal results if participants focus on similarities, whereas a focus on differences leads to contrast. In Study 1, participants induced to focus on similarities behaved more neatly after being primed with neatness rather than the goal to be carefree. For participants induced to focus on differences, the opposite pattern emerged. In Study 2, a similarity focus led to assimilation to an achievement prime, whereas a difference focus resulted in contrast. These findings highlight the importance of comparative processes in goal striving and demonstrate that assimilative goal‐priming effects are less invariable than existing research suggests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nonlocal convective flux limiter for upwind‐biased finite volume simulations
Authors: Poe Nicole M.W. , Keith Walters D.
Published: December 2011

Finite volume methods on structured and unstructured meshes commonly use second‐order, upwind‐biased linear reconstruction schemes to approximate the convective terms. Limiters are employed to reduce the inherent variable overshoot and undershoot of these schemes in discontinuous regions; however, they also can significantly increase the numerical dissipation of a solution in smooth regions. This paper presents a novel nonlocal, nonmonotonic (NLNM) limiter developed by enforcing cell minima and maxima on dependent variable values projected to cell faces. The minimum and maximum values for a cell are determined primarily through recursive reference to the minimum and maximum values of its upwind neighbors. The new limiter has been implemented into an existing flow solver. Various test cases are presented, which highlight the ability of the NLNM limiter to eliminate nonphysical oscillations while maintaining negligible levels of limiter‐induced dissipation into the solution. Results from the new limiter are compared with those from other limited and unlimited second‐order upwind and first‐order upwind schemes. For the cases examined in the study, the NLNM limiter was found to improve accuracy without significantly decreasing overall simulation efficiency and robustness.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction in the Random Effects Model with MA (q) Remainder Disturbances
Authors: Baltagi Badi H. , Liu Long
Published: December 2011

This paper considers the problem of forecasting in a panel data model with random individual effects and MA (q) remainder disturbances. It utilizes a recursive transformation for the MA (q) process derived by Baltagi and Li (Econometric Theory 1994; 10: 396–408) which yields a simple generalized least‐squares estimator for this model. This recursive transformation is used in conjunction with Goldberger's result (Journal of the American Statistical Association 1962; 57: 369–375) to derive an analytic expression for the best linear unbiased predictor, for the ith cross‐sectional unit, s periods ahead. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pattern of cognitive impairment in older veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder evaluated at a memory disorders clinic
Authors: Scott Mackin R. , Lesselyong Julia A. , Yaffe Kristine
Published: December 2011

Background: We determined the pattern of clinically significant cognitive impairment (CI) among older veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) evaluated in a memory disorders clinic.

Methods: Data were collected from 19 ethnically diverse veterans. Cognitive functioning in six domains (verbal learning, memory, attention, language, executive functioning, and information processing speed) was assessed.

Results: The majority of veterans (57%) demonstrated CI on a measure of single trial list learning, 44% exhibited CI on short delay memory for lists, and 31% exhibited CI in long delay memory for lists. CI on measures of memory for stories (14%) and executive functioning (6%) were less common, and none of the participants demonstrated CI on measures of attention, language, or information processing speed.

Conclusions: CI on measures of single trial list learning and memory for lists are common in older patients with PTSD evaluated in a memory disorders clinic and are likely to contribute to functional deficits. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of emergency commitment for nursing home residents: the role of resident and facility characteristics
Authors: Becker Marion A. , Boaz Timothy L. , DeMuth Anne , Andel Ross
Published: December 2011

Objectives

The ability of nursing homes to manage the mental health needs of their residents is crucial to providing high quality care. An important element is preventing exacerbations of psychiatric conditions that trigger discharge from the nursing home (NH) because of an emergency commitment (EC) for an involuntary psychiatric examination. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between resident and facility characteristics and the risk of EC for involuntary psychiatric examination among Medicaid‐enrolled NH residents in Florida.

Design

This retrospective cohort study employed 2.5 years (31 December 2002 through 30 June 2005) of Medicaid enrollment and fee‐for‐service, pharmacy, and involuntary commitment data to examine resident characteristics. NH characteristics were obtained from the Online Survey Certification and Reporting database.

Setting

Medicaid‐certified NHs in Florida (N = 584).

Participants

Medicaid‐enrolled NH residents (N = 32,604).

Results

Younger age, male gender, having dementia, having a serious mental illness (SMI), and residing in a for‐profit facility were all independently associated with the greater risk of EC. Although most residents with EC were prescribed psychotropic medication, less than half received non‐pharmacological behavioral health outpatient services before or after their involuntary psychiatric examination.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the salience of resident and facility characteristics to prevalence rates of EC for involuntary psychiatric examinations among NH residents and underscore a need for increased education, communication, and future research on the predictive factors as well as the consequences of these adverse events. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of Cinema in the Counselor Education Curriculum: Strategies and Outcomes
Authors: TOMAN SARAH M. , RAK CARL F.
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss the use of motion pictures to provide learning experiences for students in counselor education programs. A review of the counseling literature revealed many references to teaching with films; only 2 articles, however, recommended using film in counselor education. This article includes activities for teaching diagnosis, counseling theories, interventions, and ethics. Positive feedback was received from 182 graduate students who responded to a 5‐item qualitative and quantitative follow‐up questionnaire after they completed such a course.
Basic Counselor Skills Training and Counselor Cognitive Complexity
Authors: DUYS DAVID K. , HEDSTROM SUZANNE M.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the relationship between basic counselor skills training and cognitive complexity levels in counseling trainees. Data from graduate counseling trainees enrolled in basic skills training courses and a control group were collected (N = 72). Cognitive complexity levels were measured using the traditional 2‐person form of the Role Category Questionnaire (B. R. Burleson & M. S. Waltman) in a pre‐ and posttest design. Participants exposed to the basic skills training course showed a significantly higher cognitive complexity level than the control group when posttest means were compared.
Helping Beginning Counselors Develop a Personal Theory of Counseling
Authors: SPRUILL DAVID A. , BENSHOFF JAMES M.
Published: December 2011

Developing a personal theory of counseling is essential for beginning counselors. Current approaches de‐emphasize life experiences before graduate training and fail to incorporate counselor developmental stages. This article presents a framework for strengthening development of a personal theory of counseling by integrating life experiences and counselor developmental stages with theory building approaches.
The Use of Film in Marriage and Family Counselor Education
Authors: Higgins Jeanette A. , Dermer Shannon
Published: December 2011

The authors introduce an innovative technique that can be included in marriage and family counselor education curricula. Feature films are discussed as an educational technique for the instruction and development of perceptual, conceptual, and executive counseling skills. They also outline the advantages for using film in counselor education, present various strategies for using them in the classroom, and offer examples of how they have integrated movies into introductory marriage and family courses.
Experiential Groups in Counselor Education: Student Attitudes and Instructor Participation
Authors: Anderson Rebecca D. , Price Gary E.
Published: December 2011

Students in master's‐level courses in group work were surveyed regarding their attitudes toward the use of an experiential group activity as a component of their training, as well as the level of instructor involvement in these experiential groups. Students agreed that the experiential group was an effective and necessary teaching tool; however, a substantial minority indicated discomfort with the activity. Also, although the majority of instructors did not directly lead the experiential group, most either observed or received feedback on participation.