bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupling the Community Land Model version 5.0 to the parallel data assimilation framework PDAF: description and applications
Authors: Strebel Lukas , Bogena Heye R. , Vereecken Harry , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Land surface models are important for improving our understanding
of the Earth system. They are continuously improving and becoming better in
representing the different land surface processes, e.g., the Community Land
Model version 5 (CLM5). Similarly, observational networks and remote sensing
operations are increasingly providing more data, e.g., from new satellite
products and new in situ measurement sites, with increasingly higher quality
for a range of important variables of the Earth system. For the optimal
combination of land surface models and observation data, data assimilation
techniques have been developed in recent decades that incorporate
observations to update modeled states and parameters. The Parallel Data
Assimilation Framework (PDAF) is a software environment that enables
ensemble data assimilation and simplifies the implementation of data
assimilation systems in numerical models. In this study, we present the
development of the new interface between PDAF and CLM5. This newly
implemented coupling integrates the PDAF functionality into CLM5 by
modifying the CLM5 ensemble mode to keep changes to the pre-existing
parallel communication infrastructure to a minimum. Soil water content
observations from an extensive in situ measurement network in the
Wüstebach catchment in Germany are used to illustrate the application of
the coupled CLM5-PDAF system. The results show overall reductions in root
mean square error of soil water content from 7 % up to 35 % compared to
simulations without data assimilation. We expect the coupled CLM5-PDAF
system to provide a basis for improved regional to global land surface
modeling by enabling the assimilation of globally available observational
data.
Socio-hydrology, politicization of water science and implication of the Eyes on Earth Study on the contemporary research dialogue in the Lancang-Mekong Basin
Authors: Grünwald Richard , Wang Wenling , Feng Yan
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Since April 2020, the Eyes on Earth Study has received significant media attention for considering the Chinese mainstream reservoirs as one of the main drivers for changing the natural water flow and compounding the severe droughts in the Lancang-Mekong Basin. Unlike other hydrological studies, the Eyes on Earth Study polarized the international research community and received unusual media attention. While the Eyes on Earth Study raised public awareness about upstream water operations and motivated civil society to co-develop the water knowledge, there can be found numerous shortcomings and other irregularities in the current research dialogue over the research conclusions. By drawing on the politicization of scientific theories and combining the socio-hydrology with critical political ecology, the presented paper (1) conceptualizes the human-water interaction in the context of the politicization of the EoE Study, (2) reviews current development pathways in contemporary research dialogue in the Lancang-Mekong Basin, and (3) examines contemporary challenges for water science. To re-define the politicization of water science, the constructivist discourse analysis has been applied to investigate the argumentation patterns over the Eyes on Earth Study in the last 18 months (April 2020–September 2021). In addition, we applied the adapted Baker’s model to double-check the content of the EoE Study and degree of alignment with high-quality research inputs. Our data show that (i) benefits from ensuring the standard research procedures outweigh the benefits from using the alternative research procedures, (ii) gradual stratification of contemporary research channels and simplification of research findings contribute to political distrust towards the water science, and (iii) growing intervention of non-traditional actors in the research dialogue produce the gap in applied discourse practices and medialize the desirable water narratives. The topic is highly actual and beneficial for water experts and other interdisciplinary scientists who want to better understand the power of hydrological studies and clarify the incentives undermining the trust in science.
Ensemble streamflow forecasting over a cascade reservoir catchment with integrated hydrometeorological modeling and machine learning
Authors: Liu Junjiang , Yuan Xing , Zeng Junhan , Jiao Yang , Li Yong , Zhong Lihua , Yao Ling
Published: January 2022

Abstract. A popular way to forecast streamflow is to use bias-corrected
meteorological forecasts to drive a calibrated hydrological model, but these
hydrometeorological approaches suffer from deficiencies over small catchments due to
uncertainty in meteorological forecasts and errors from hydrological models,
especially over catchments that are regulated by dams and reservoirs. For a
cascade reservoir catchment, the discharge from the upstream reservoir
contributes to an important part of the streamflow over the downstream
areas, which makes it tremendously hard to explore the added value of
meteorological forecasts. Here, we integrate meteorological forecasts,
land surface hydrological model simulations and machine learning to forecast
hourly streamflow over the Yantan catchment, where the streamflow is
influenced by both the upstream reservoir water release and the
rainfall–runoff processes within the catchment. Evaluation of the hourly
streamflow hindcasts during the rainy seasons of 2013–2017 shows that the
hydrometeorological ensemble forecast approach reduces probabilistic and
deterministic forecast errors by 6 % compared with the traditional
ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) approach during the first 7 d. The
deterministic forecast error can be further reduced by 6 % in the first 72 h when combining the hydrometeorological forecasts with the long
short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning method. However, the forecast skill
for LSTM using only historical observations drops sharply after the first 24 h. This study implies the potential of improving flood forecasts over a
cascade reservoir catchment by integrating meteorological forecasts,
hydrological modeling and machine learning.
Design of a dual electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring
Authors: Ecker Rafael , Doppelhammer Nikolaus , Jakoby Bernhard , Reichel Erwin Konrad
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The design and fabrication of a dual electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance sensor unit with dissipation monitoring (EQCMD) for in situ monitoring of crystallization processes, such as the formation of zeolites from liquid media, is reported. The integrated temperature unit is based on Peltier elements and precision temperature sensors with accurate and fast temperature control. In this design, two thickness-shear mode quartz disk resonators are oppositely arranged, enabling the application of an electric field through the sample while concurrently being able to monitor the resonance frequencies and quality factors of both resonators. As demonstrated experimentally, this allows for the characterization of the sample by means of the viscosity, via the acoustic impedance, and the electrical conductivity. Monitoring zeolite formation based on these parameters, however, turned out to be challenging, mainly because the electrodes suffered from severe corrosion. Despite the use of chemically resistant materials and insulating coatings, the electrodes were attacked by the reaction medium, presumably due to surface defects. Furthermore, air bubbles, which developed over time and adhered persistently to the quartz
surfaces, also had a negative influence on the measurement. Despite the
encountered issues, we want to communicate our sensor design, as its basic
functionality, including the dedicated electronics and software perform
well, and reporting the observed issues will enable further progress in this field.
Modulation of the ENSO teleconnection to the North Atlantic by the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean
Authors: Casselman Jake W. , Jiménez-Esteve Bernat , Domeisen Daniela I. V.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can bring about inter-basin interactions, whereby Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) may influence the North Atlantic European (NAE) region. However, ENSO's overall influence on the NAE remains unclear. One potential reason for this uncertainty may arise due to the region being dominated by several different mechanisms. Here we focus on one potential region, namely the Tropical North Atlantic (TNA), and determine how the SSTAs modulate the ENSO teleconnection towards the NAE region. As numerous pathways from the TNA may exist for this modulation, we further center our analysis onto the Caribbean region and Walker cells. We force an idealized atmospheric circulation model with three different seasonally varying sea surface temperature patterns that represent an ENSO event with or without the influence of the Atlantic. Our results demonstrate that modulation of the NAE region by the TNA SSTA and Caribbean region occurs in the boreal spring and summer following an ENSO event. In boreal spring, this modulation is primarily through a propagating Rossy wave train, while in the summer, the TNA's influence is nonlinear and tends to strengthen the ENSO influence over the NAE sector. Overall, this study offers a deeper understanding of the inter-basin interactions of the Walker cell following an ENSO event and the central role of tropical Atlantic SSTAs in modulating the teleconnection to the NAE region.
Multifidelity Multiobjective Optimization for Wake Steering Strategies
Authors: Quick Julian , King Ryan N. , Barter Garrett , Hamlington Peter E.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Wake steering is an emerging wind power plant control strategy where upstream turbines are intentionally yawed out of perpendicular alignment with the incoming wind, thereby “steering” wakes away from downstream turbines. However, trade-offs between the gains in power production and fatigue loads induced by this control strategy are the subject of continuing investigation. In this study, we present a multifidelity multiobjective optimization approach for exploring the Pareto front of trade-offs between power and loading during wake steering. An unsteady large-eddy simulation is used as the high-fidelity model, where an actuator line representation is used to model wind turbine blades, and a rainflow-counting algorithm is used to compute damage equivalent loads. A coarser simulation with a simpler loads model is employed as a supplementary low-fidelity model. A multifidelity Bayesian optimization is performed to iteratively learn both a surrogate of the low-fidelity model and an additive discrepancy function, which maps the low-fidelity model to the high-fidelity model. Each optimization uses the expected hypervolume improvement acquisition function, weighted by the total cost of a proposed model evaluation in the multifidelity case. The multifidelity approach is able to capture the logit function shape of the Pareto frontier at a computational cost that is only 30 % of the single fidelity approach. Additionally, we provide physical insights into the vortical structures in the wake that contribute to the Pareto front shape.
ԻՍԼԱՄԱԿԱՆ ԳՈՐԾՈՆԸ ԿԱՏԱՐԻ ԱՐՏԱՔԻՆ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՈՒՄ
Authors: SARGSYAN KNARIK
Published: January 2022

The aim of this article is to examine the Islamic direction of Qatar’s foreign policy and its toolkit. One of the objectives of the study is to identify the transformations, the main motivations, tendencies, and prospects of Qatar’s cooperation with the Islamic religious-political forces, in particular with the "Muslim Brotherhood" movement in the period before and after the "Arab Spring". The article is based on the study of official documents, official announcements, leading international research and information centers, and international news. The analysis carried out in the article shows that for Qatar, which seeks leadership in the region, the "Muslim Brotherhood" has become a serious toolkit of influence serving also the agenda of the Turkish-Qatari tandem
ԱՌԱԾՆԵՐԸ ԵՎ ԱՍԱՑՎԱԾՔՆԵՐԸ ԻՍՊԱՆԵՐԵՆԻ՝ ՈՐՊԵՍ ՕՏԱՐ ԼԵԶՎԻ ՈՒՍՈՒՑՄԱՆ ԳՈՐԾԸՆԹԱՑՈՒՄ
Authors: BAGHDASARYAN HASMIK
Published: January 2022

The present article aims to study the role of proverbs and sayings in the teaching process of Spanish as a foreign language. The “Don Quixote” novel of Cervantes plays an important role in the Spanish paremiology didactics and can be viewed as a literary collection of proverbs and sayings. Based on proverbs and sayings of this novel, the article suggests several didactic activities that can be implemented in the teaching process of Spanish. The role of the context is also given importance in this regard, as the pragmatic potential of the proverbs and sayings as situational clichés is most evident in the communication processes. The study was carried out on the basis of both universal scientific methods of cognition and various principles of scientific-pedagogical research which derive from the peculiarities of the investigated material. A brief study of the issue leads to the conclusion that the inclusion of the proverbs and sayings from “Don Quixote” in the teaching process of Spanish as a foreign language can play an important role in the development of the linguistic and sociocultural competences as well as in the formation and development of translation skills and abilities of the students.
ՆՈՐՄԱՏԻՎ ԻՐԱՎԱԿԱՆ ԱԿՏԵՐԻ ՕՐԻՆԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՆԿԱՏՄԱՄԲ ԴԱՏԱԿԱՆ ՎԵՐԱՀՍԿՈՂՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՈՐՈՇ ՀԻՄՆԱՀԱՐՑԵՐԸ ԽՈՐՀՐԴԱՅԻՆ ԻՐԱՎՈՒՆՔՈՒՄ
Authors: KHANDANYAN RAFIK
Published: January 2022

Тhe aim of the article is to examine the development and mechanisms of direct and indirect judicial control over normative legal acts in Soviet Union and tօ look into power of the courts in that sphere. In the course of the study, both scientific (the principle of historicity, analysis, synthesis)
and special (formal logical, comparative legal) methods were applied. During the research the competence of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union o assessment of legality of normative legal acts was examined, which, as concluded, can not be considered as control over legality of normative legal acts, as the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union did not have the competence to invalidate that acts.
The study also resulted in the following conclusion: during certain periods of the existence of the Soviet Union there was actually both direct and indirect judicial control over the legality of normative legal acts, but there was no special and comprehensive legal regulation regarding it.
More accurately, indirect judicial control was practiced at the beginning of the establishment of the USSR and also after 1970s and was manifested in the power of the courts to refuse to apply specific regulatory legal acts or to act not in accordance with them. As for the direct judicial control, it was only realized on the eve of the collapse of the Soviet Union by adopting «Law on Propety in the USSR» on 06.03.1990 and it led to the recognition of the right to contest normative legal acts concerning property in courts. The absence of certain and complex legal regulations on direct and indirect judicial control was because of some political observations and the absence of principle of the separation of powers.
The Place of Writing
Authors: Boey Kim Cheng
Published: January 2022

The workshop is a place where poems and stories are tested for artistic originality and technical coherence, and their problems fixed in a collaborative effort. But it is not just that. In its intense sessions of scrutiny and questioning, and with nervous sidelong glances at exemplars and masters, it is also a place where the students are posed the question which Rilke would have his young poet confront: ‘Must I write?’ The students either embrace their writing as a mission or keep it separate in an outer compartment of their lives, as a hobby.

I see the role of the teacher-writer as a sort of priest-confessor, one who will direct the students to the inner place of writing, where they ask themselves the deepest questions of life and art. For this to happen, there must be what Martin Buber calls an I-Thou relationship to evolve between the teacher and the students, a connection of mutual respect and listening. Only then can the teacher point the students to the place where the poems and stories are waiting to be found. The paper proposes some writing exercises to enable this creative process to take place and turn the workshop into a place of sacramental encounter, where students discover the life of writing in the writing of their lives.
The Problem of Where to Start: A Foundation Question for Creative Writing Higher Degree Candidates and Supervisors
Authors: Brien Donna Lee
Published: January 2022

As both a completed (MA) and still pending (PhD) higher degree candidate as well as a supervisor of higher degrees, I note that even the most basic of decisions - such as where to start - can cause considerable anxiety for both student and supervisor.

Some Australian university course descriptions stress that the exegesis is “related to”, “linked to” or “integrated with” the creative work, while others propose a more “reflective” role. Still others nominate that the exegesis will “describe”, “elaborate”, “elucidate”, “examine” and/or “contextualise” the creative work, all of which suggest varying temporal relations between the two usual parts of the creative writing research degree.

A preliminary survey of a number of higher degree students and higher degree coordinators can help to tease out this temporal relationship and, hopefully, cast light on some of the perceived purposes, expectations and challenges of the research higher degree in the creative arts.
Mitos e imaginarios del activismo digital feminista. Análisis de memes de la cibercampaña #FuckGenderRoles
Authors: Sola-Morales Salomé , Hernández-Conde Macarena , Arencón-Beltrán Sandra , Sierra Caballero Francisco
Published: January 2022

Internet y las redes sociales son herramientas esenciales para el ciberfeminismo contemporáneo. A través de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), los feminismos expresan y comparten ideas, propuestas y emociones además de fomentar un sentimiento de pertenencia y una identidad colectiva. Esta investigación realiza una etnografía virtual sobre memes digitales para estudiar el lenguaje profundo –mitologías, imaginarios, símbolos y narrativas– propuesto en la cibercampaña #FuckGenderRoles. A partir del estudio de caso de la cibercampaña lanzada en España en 2019, se utiliza el análisis crítico del discurso y el análisis multimodal. Se concluye que existe una co-implicación entre posicionamientos de corte lógico y estructuras míticas que proponen el feminismo como vía para integrar la diversidad y que se hacen eco de personajes míticos tradicionales en sus modos de explicación.
Governing nanotechnology: Codes, citizenship and strong democracy
Authors: Gray Chris H.
Published: January 2022

Knowledge is a form of power, but power for those who deploy it, not create it. New technoscientific programs, such as nanotechnology, are crucial realms for democratizing society since they aren’t ‘locked-in’ through technological momentum and because they are sites of cultural and technological production, which is another important form of power. Science and technology in the early 21st Century are mainly shaped by market (profit) and military priorities. Sometimes within these new areas, resistance to these pressures produces new ways of understanding how science and technology can contribute to a just and sustainable future. In nanotechnology research this tension can be seen in the various codes promulgated for its regulation. It is also clear in such theories and practices as cyborg citizenship, hybrid imagination, scientists’ social responsibility and activism, prefigurative practices such as art and Do-It-Yourself (DIY) and Do-It-Together (DIT) organizing and the democracy and technology movement. They reveal how the development of nanotechnologies and the nanosciences can lead not just to new inventions and medical treatments, but to stronger democracy as well.
Impact of Energy Crisis on Manufactured Exports: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Javed Maryum , Mushtaq Bushra , Afzal Muhammad
Published: January 2022

This study investigates the impact of the energy crisis on manufactured exports of Pakistan for the time period of 1990 to 2019 by employing the Ordinary Least Square method. Manufactured export is the regressand while energy crisis, energy price, real exchange rate, foreign demand, and industrial output are the regressors. The econometric analysis shows a significant negative relationship between manufactured exports and energy crisis, energy price, and exchange rate whereas a significant positive relationship has been found among manufactured exports and industrial output as well as foreign demand. The findings of this study call for such policy recommendations that can effectively tackle the issue of poor manufactured export performance in the light of the energy crisis. The government should take immediate initiatives to generate more energy to increase domestic production and to serve export purposes. Efficient energy policies should be formed, and innovative measures should be introduced for energy conservation.
Water Governance and Management in the 21st Century: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Saddiqa Aisha , Batool Sarfraz , Gill Shahzad Ali , Khan Ali Junaid
Published: January 2022

Given the continuous population growth and climate change, water resources are becoming increasingly scarce. With the escalation of this water crisis, water management and governance have become essential concerns across policy agendas. Every country has a different regulatory system, policy framework, specific management requirements, institutional challenges, and capacity gaps concerning the administration of its water resources. The present study focuses on the policy frameworks and institutions for managing water resources in Pakistan at both provincial and federal levels. The paper analyzes water governance challenges and major hurdles regarding effective water management and the development of water resources in the country. A descriptive analysis of the country’s water management and water distribution between the federation and federating units is based on secondary data sources with a qualitative approach through a desk research method. While describing the underpinning issues and challenges of water governance and management in Pakistan, the study findings reveal that the country needs to adopt a collaborative approach towards water governance and management and capacitate the relevant institutions and stakeholders to perform their mandated tasks effectively to ensure a water-secure future for Pakistan. The study recommends launching mass awareness campaigns concerning efficient usage of water, adopting intelligent agriculture techniques, and fast-tracking the completion of new reservoirs while discouraging build-neglect-rebuild policies for the existing water infrastructure. The study also presents limitations and recommendations for future research.
Hydroelectric power resources potential regulation of Western Georgia
Authors: Kubetsia Mzia , Kuchava Mariam
Published: January 2022

Hydro resources take the first place among the natural resources of Western Georgia. The Enguri and Rioni rivers are the largest among the energy ones. The Black Sea basin rivers, are particularly characterized by waterlogging, high fallout, fast currents and high energy potential. It is clear, in the future, the demand for electricity in western Georgia will be balanced by the growth of hydropower plants, safe construction, which will allow us to export some electricity abroad and strengthen the country's economy. The rivers of western Georgia are fed by glaciers, which cause fluctuations in river levels according to the seasons. During the winter, the energy consumption generated by hydropower plants increases and the generation rate is low due to lack of water. This is why heat generation occurs, which is 28% of total energy production in winter. Most of the hydropower plants are out-of-date and need to be modernized to increase efficiency; in many cases, reservoirs are not filled, processed, met design requirements, and the needed energy is not accumulated for a deficient period. Each type of power plants has different intensities of impact on the ecological balance of the country's nature. Some types of power plant impacts may have a slight influence on environmental conditions; such power plants include hydropower plants. An alternative way to deal with the energy threats, that face the future generation is to raise the level of awareness of the population and mobilize their intellectual potential. The main focus of the Sustainable Energy Crisis is to develop a national security strategy and establish a system; Gather educated people and minimize energy losses.
Ідентифікація кластерної будови вуглеводнів за температурами плавлення
Authors: Tregubov Dmitry , Tarahno Olena , Sokolov Dmitry , Tregubova Flora
Published: January 2022

The presence of oscillatory changes in the substance properties in homologous series of hydrocarbons, in particular for the melting point, is analyzed. A method for predicting the mass burnout rate of normal structure alcohols and alkanes on the basis of melting point values to account for oscillations is presented. It is proved that the tendency to increase melting temperatures depending on the number of carbon atoms in the molecule for selected homologous series of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes of normal structure) has a certain oscillation by the principle of "even-odd" molecules or gradation deviation from linearity. It is shown that the similarity of this dependence between homologous series arises if alkenes and alkynes are considered as shorter molecules than the corresponding alkanes, and cycloalkanes – as longer. It is accepted as a working hypothesis that this is due to the presence of the smallest structural unit of matter in the clusters form with a certain coordination number. The oscillation properties of the substance are explained by the fact that clustering can occur both at the final carbon site in the molecule and at other carbons in the chain of the molecule, and this fact depends on the "parity-oddness". Based on the known values of melting temperatures in homologous series, the possible structure of clusters is proposed. It is shown that the obtained values of equivalent lengths for these clusters correlate with the corresponding melting temperatures. This correlation is described by the third degree polynomial, which gives an approximation coefficient of 0.995 and a mean deviation of 7.1 K. An approximation formula for calculating these classes melting point of hydrocarbons based on the values of equivalent molecular weight and cluster length has been developed. This calculation is characterized by an approximation factor of 0.997 and a mean deviation of 4.2 K. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of improving the calculation convergence with the substance properties, provided that the structure of the clusters is clarified.
Formulation design and Evaluation of Extended-Release Tablets of Oxybutynin for Effective Management of Overactive Bladder Syndrome
Authors: S. Nandhakumar , G. Sugreevudu , N. Harikrishnan
Published: January 2022

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a chronic condition with a composite of symptoms and has a significant negative impact on the physiological and psychological well-being of the patients. The present study is aimed at developing extended-release formulations of oxybutynin that is effective in reducing the side effects associated with the drug by maintaining a steady state concentration with minimal fluctuations in plasma drug concentration and thereby achieves improved patient compliance. The extended-release drug delivery of tablets can be achieved by preparing the matrix tablet of oxybutynin chloride with klucel HF in core tablet by wet granulation technique and functional coating with a combination of aquacoat ECD-30 and hypromellose E5 followed by film coating with opadry. For confirmation of compatibility, the pure drug and its physical mixtures were subjected to FTIR studies. All the formulations have shown acceptable limits in all precompression and post compression parameters. The in vitro release studies in 0.1N HCl and 6.8 phosphate buffer revealed that the optimized formulation F10 extend the release of the drug to 91% at 24 hours and the release profile was similar to the innovator’s product as revealed by the similarity factor study. The release kinetics study revealed that the release of the drug followed diffusion mechanism. Stability studies of the selected formulation tablets were carried out at 25°C ±2°C/60% RH±5% and 40°C ±2°C /75%±5% RH for different time period and all the parameter was within the limits after storage period. Thus the extended release matrix tablets of oxybutynin chloride developed in this study have immense potential to develop into a marketed product following the testing in animals and human volunteers.
Variations of the Mesiodistal width of permanent teeth in a sample of patients attending Ajman University Dental College
Authors: Mageet Adil O. , Abu Fanas Aiman S. , Shaheen Ibrahim K. , Hadi Karrar M.H. , Abdelmagied Mawada H.
Published: January 2022

The current study aims to measure the variations of the mesiodistal width of permanent teeth in a sample of patients attending Ajman University Dental Hospital. Materials and Method: A Descriptive cross-sectional study of 85 pretreatment study casts of patients (M:33, F:52) aged between 11-38 attending the Orthodontic unit at Ajman University Dental Hospital. The samples were selected randomly for measurements, which were performed using an electronic digital calibre. The width of an individual tooth is measured accurately from the mesial contact point to the distal contact point. The measurement was performed for all the 12 maxillary and mandibular teeth (from 16 to 26 and 36 to 46). The data put up in an excel sheet and sent to the statistician for analysis. Results: Class I and II showed a higher overall ratio and anterior ratio in males with no difference between the gender neither in the anterior or the overall ratio. At the same time, Class III malocclusion had a significant difference in both overall and anterior ratios. The maxillary 1st premolars and 2nd premolars teeth have insignificant mesiodistal differences between genders, while the maxillary canine and the 2nd premolar have a significant difference between right and left quadrants. The mandibular teeth showed no significant difference in mesiodistal width between right and left quadrants. Conclusion: The insignificant difference between the sample and Bolton in the anterior and posterior ratios in Class I & II cases explain the similarity of the racial feature. There is a significant difference in Class III between our sample and the Bolton original work.
Implementation of Antibiotic Guidelines in a Dental Teaching Hospital in Sudan
Authors: Darwish Mohammed A. , Varma Sudhir R. , Mageet Adil O.
Published: January 2022

Dental professionals routinely use root canal treatment (RCT) worldwide to treat pulpal and periapical infections. Antibiotics are overprescribed for RCT patients with little regard to the prescription guidelines, as documented in many recent studies; this results in irreversible effects on public health. This study measures dental students' knowledge at the University of Gezira (UoG) for the most current American Dental Association (ADA) guidelines and assessing their relative compliance with these guidelines. Material and Method: This a cross-sectional study conducted among fourth and fifth-year students (142) at the Faculty of Dentistry at the UoG, using a multi-sectional questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of sections that evaluate the students' knowledge of the 2019 ADA guidelines, implement these guidelines, and students' opinions regarding bacterial resistance and the curriculum of the dental schools in Sudan. Results: 41.6% of the students' responses regarding the 2019 ADA guidelines were wrong, 30% of all the prescribed antibiotics for RCTs in Wad Madani dental teaching hospital were not in line with the recent guidelines. 81% reported a lack of knowledge about antibiotics prescription guidelines among dentists and dental students in Sudan, and 87% said there is a need to refine the curriculum of dental schools in Sudan. Conclusion: There was a lack of familiarity among dental students about the 2019 ADA guidelines and the incomplete implementation of these guidelines in RCTs; there is a need to refine dental education, clinical systems, and legislation to minimise unnecessary antibiotics prescriptions.
Evaluation of involvement of adrenergic receptor modulator in hypertension induced experimental Vascular Dementia in Rats
Authors: Sharma B.M. , Sharma Bhupesh
Published: January 2022

Objective: Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease are considered as a major risk factor for the development of VaD. This study investigates the efficacy of nicergoline in 2K1C induced vascular endothelium dysfunction and related dementia. Methods: 2K1C renovascular hypertension has induced hypertension in Albino Wistar rats (male, 200-250g). Morris water maze (MWM), and attentional set shifting tests (ASST) were used to assess the spatial learning, memory, reversal learning, and executive functioning in animals. Mean artery blood pressure, serum nitrite/nitrate, vascular endothelial function, aortic superoxide anion, brains’ oxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive species-TBARS, reduced glutathione-GSH, superoxide dismutase-SOD, and catalase-CAT), inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase-MPO), calcium levels, acetylcholinesterase activity-and AChE ativity were also assessed. Nicergoline (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg p.o.) was used as the treatment drugs. Donepezil (0.5mgkg-1) was used as a positive control. Results: 2K1C rats showed reduction in learning, memory, reversal learning, executive functioning, impairment in endothelial function, increase in mean artery blood pressure, brains’ oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium levels, and AchE-activity. Administration of nicergoline significantly attenuated the 2K1C induced impairments in the behavioral, endothelial, and biochemical parameters. Conclusion: 2K1C renovascular hypertension induced impairment in behavioral, endothelial, and biochemical parameters which were attenuated by the administration of nicergoline. Therefore, nicergoline may be studied further for the assessment of their full potential in hypertension induced VaD.
Cloning, Transformation and Expression of Human IFN-γ by Genetic Engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: M. Aziz Najim , AL-Hajaj Mohammed A.
Published: January 2022

Human interferon-gamma (hIFN-γ) is a Glycoprotein pertinence to a distinct group of interferon, called type II interferons, which have an immunological function to respond to antigenic stimuli such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and any infections by a microorganism. The hIFN-γ is produced by natural killer T (NKT) and natural killer (NK) cells during the immune response as part of the innate immune response and by Th1 CD4 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) effector T cells upon the development of antigen-specific immunity. Recombinant hIFN-γ has been produced in different expression systems comprising prokaryotic, insect, fungal (yeasts), protozoan, mammalian cells, and plant. In the present study, pET28a plasmid was used in this research for preparation to insert and pYES2 plasmid for cloning and expression of human IFN-γ gene in yeast. The trademark of hIFN-γ has been produced in Escherichia coli is termed ACTIMMUNE®, but the human interferon- gamma was produced in the prokaryotic expression system is unglycosylated form. This result increases in cost due to increased purification, as well as short-life in the bloodstream, but it is biologically active. This study aimed to use Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4741 strain as a eukaryotic system for expression of hIFN-γ cDNA instead of a prokaryotic system in glycosylation patterns as modified translation. But the results are not satisfactory as the produce of yields.
Fortolkningsfællesskaber: Børns og unges reception af computerspil
Authors: Jessen Carsten
Published: January 2022

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Vi spør Kjell fordi han kan så mye: Hvordan den voksne bruker sin kompetanse og hva barn lærer?
Authors: Fennefoss Anne Tove
Published: January 2022

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En ny barnkulturell arena
Authors: Hernwall Patrik
Published: January 2022

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Barns selvoppfatning som aspekt ved livskvalitet
Authors: Skaalvik Einar M.
Published: January 2022

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Barn og bevegelse: Motorisk kompetanse og motoriske problemer
Authors: Sigmundsson Hermundur , Pedersen Arve Vorland
Published: January 2022

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Design of air temperature and humidity measurement based on Arduino ATmega 328P with DHT22 sensor
Authors: Wibawa I Made Satriya , Putra I Ketut
Published: January 2022

The Arduino ATmega 328P-based temperature and humidity measuring instrument have been successfully designed. The ATmega 328P microcontroller functions to process data which is the output of the DHT22 sensor which receives data signals in the form of temperature and humidity. The results detected by the design of this tool are displayed on the LCD keypad shield. The calibration process for the design tool was carried out at the BMKG Sanglah Denpasar. The results of the calibration of the design tool with reference tools at BMKG show a good level of accuracy, namely 97.97% for air temperature and 99.35% for air humidity.
COVID-19 en el adulto mayor: Características clínicas e impacto sobre la Salud Mental
Authors: Álvarez Cristian , Ávila Carlos , García Nency , Quintanilla Wilmer , Sierra Manuel
Published: January 2022

El propósito de esta revisión fue analizar la literatura existente con el fin de identificar los principales aspectos de la enfermedad ocasionada por el SARS-CoV-2, así como su impacto en la salud mental del adulto mayor y su relación con la mortalidad en esta población en riesgo. Se revisó la información a partir de artículos de revistas electrónicas a través de las bases de datos Pubmed, Medline, Scopus y Google Scholar para el período julio 2020 a junio 2021. Entre los aspectos relevantes se encontró datos alarmantes, los pacientes con comorbilidades en este grupo de edad tenían 6 veces más probabilidad de ser hospitalizados y 12 veces más probabilidad de morir que una persona sin comorbilidades. La salud mental es un importante factor en esta pandemia, se ha demostrado deterioro en estado general y enfermedades mentales debido a la ansiedad y aislamiento social secundario a la pandemia en este grupo.
Métodos anticonceptivos elegidos por mujeres después de aborto en un hospital público de Honduras
Authors: Castro Rigoberto , Paz Jamilette
Published: January 2022

Antecedentes: La tasa de embarazos no planeados en Latinoamérica está entre las más altas del mundo. Las adolescentes están entre los grupos más vulnerables para embarazos no planeados con porcentajes de 32% a 45%. Objetivo: Describir los factores asociados a la elección de un anticonceptivo por las mujeres después de un aborto, en el Hospital Dr. Roberto Suazo Córdova, La Paz, Honduras, en el periodo de julio 2017 a junio 2019. Método: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Los datos fueron obtenidos usando el Sistema Informático Perinatal Aborto (SIP Aborto) en la versión SIP 4.16. Resultados: El 50.0% (67/134) de las adolescentes y 50.1% (281/550) de las mayores de 19 años eligieron un anticonceptivo postaborto. El inicio del anticonceptivo se relacionó con antecedente de aborto (p=0.006). Uso previo de anticonceptivos (p=0.007). Los anticonceptivos más elegidos fueron: Acetato de medroxiprogesterona, anticonceptivos orales combinados y condón. La elección del anticonceptivo se relacionó con evacuación instrumental del aborto (p=0.022) en adolescentes y (p=0.000) en mayores de 19 años. Se eligieron menos los métodos reversibles de acción prolongada. Discusión: La elección anticonceptiva postaborto fue baja. El inicio de anticonceptivos se relacionó con antecedente de aborto, uso previo de anticonceptivos y evacuación instrumental. Los anticonceptivos más elegidos fueron los temporales de acción corta y los menos elegidos, los temporales de acción prolongada. Se debe fortalecer el acceso a información, mejorar la consejería, garantizar acceso y disponibilidad de anticonceptivos sobre todo de acción prolongada para asegurar el apego al método anticonceptivo.
Adecuación del Trabajo de la Unidad de Optimización de la Farmacoterapia en el Contexto de la Pandemia por COVID-19. Experiencia Rosario, Argentina
Authors: Palchik Valeria , Aldana Intilangelo , Majic Sofía , Basurto María Ines , Paciaroni Jorgelina
Published: January 2022

La Unidad de Optimización de la Farmacoterapia (UOF) de Rosario nace en 2012 como respuesta a los problemas con medicamentos. La metodología de trabajo implicaba un encuentro presencial con los pacientes y el contexto de pandemia propició adecuar su funcionamiento. Se generaron nuevas estrategias de difusión, comunicación y abordaje de las problemáticas trabajadas que posibilitaron la realización de 42 entrevistas que permitieron identificar problemas relacionados a medicamentos y proponer oportunidades de optimización de la farmacoterapia a pacientes de diversas localidades del país. Estudiantes y docentes promovieron el desarrollo de competencias farmacéuticas dentro del contexto particular, específicamente respecto al de la atención farmacéutica continuada y sostenida. De este modo la UOF se consolida como una práctica social y transformadora que intenta albergar un modo interactivo de saberes para indagar oportunidades de optimización y estrategias de afrontamiento en el contexto adverso actual.
Brain and bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma after a liver transplantation – Case report
Authors: Boin Ilka de Fátima Santana Ferreira , Ataíde Elaine Cristina , Sevá-Pereira Tiago , Escanhoela Cecilia Amélia Fazzio
Published: January 2022

Liver transplantation has improved the disease-free survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, although local tumor recurrence, and less often extra hepatic metastasis are a possible outcome. We report a case of nervous system metastasis from hepatocarcinoma after liver transplantation. The patient was a sixty-four year old male with cirrhosis due to alcoholic liver disease who underwent a liver transplantation in March 2001. Histological sections of the removed liver have shown well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in II and III hepatic segments. Four months after transplantation, the patient showed repeated pleural effusions and bone pain. Computerized tomography and ultrasound indicated lesions of focal tumor hepatic segments III and IV, and retroperitoneal adenomegaly, and rib and femur metastasis. The patient went into a state of mental confusion, and cranium CT showed brain metastasis in the left parietal lobe. He died in November 2001. The global survival was 8 months with a 6-month tumor-free survival. We reported this case due to the uncommon extrahepatic metastases.
Aluísio Azevedo e Portugal: uma ambígua relação
Authors: Mérian Jean-Yves
Published: January 2022

The reading of Aluísio Azevedo’s novels led many critics to consider that this Brazilian novelist had a very strong anti-Portuguese bias. This study aims to correct this assessment, based on the analysis of the biography of the writer from Maranhão (1857-1913). Son of Portuguese parents, he lived his childhood and adolescence in a patriarchal and slave society, dominated by Portuguese, Luso-Brazilian traders and by the rural oligarchy and the ultramontane Church. Self-taught, but raised in an educated family, he completed his training in Rio de Janeiro as a journalist and caricaturist, before asserting himself as a writer. He was greatly influenced by Portuguese intellectuals and writers, such as Ramalho Ortigão, Eça de Queirós, Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho and by the caricaturist Bordalo Pinheiro, whom he met in Rio de Janeiro and with whom he would maintain friendly relations throughout his life. In Rio de Janeiro, the author actively participated in the promotion of the work of Eça de Queirós, before asserting himself as the promoter of Naturalism in Brazil. For ten years, Azevedo was, alongside Ferreira de Araújo and Machado de Assis, one of the main activists in favor of signing a Portuguese-Brazilian copyright agreement that guaranteed equality and reciprocity between Brazilian and Portuguese authors.Thus, the letters sent to friends and quoted in this article deny the accusations of anti-Lusitanist by the author of O Mulato, Casa de Pensão and O Cortiço.
Representações de Portugal em Memorial de Aires, de Machado de Assis
Authors: Pinto Bellin Greicy
Published: January 2022

This article aims to analyze the representations of the Portuguese nation in Memorial de Aires, by Machado de Assis. These representations are built in order to show the obsolescence of 19th century Brazilian society’s Portuguese models and can also be noticed in the short-story «A canary’s ideas», written in 1899. We shall thus point to the critical view towards them. The complex relationships between Brazilian and Portuguese intellectuals in the Brazilian literary scene will be taken into consideration in this analysis, as Machado de Assis based on them to develop his critical view on the Portuguese cultural heritage. Such a subject is also mentioned in his chronicles in the series entitled «Bons dias», published between the years of 1888 and 1889.
A estética da natureza: a fruta na obra de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen
Authors: Felici Maria Serena
Published: January 2022

Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen’s poetry of the real develops around some elements that characterize the writer’s literary universe: the sea, the garden, the house, the classical art and the night landscapes. The amazement before the beauty of the visible, brings human beings closer to nature and God. This paper will focus on Sophia’s quotes of fruits whithin her poetic and narrative work. In her writing, fruits can be linked to her childhood memories; it can show a straightforward example of Nature’s beauty; or it can establish metaphors based on isotopies shared with objects belonging to other semantic fields. In the western tradition some fruits, including apples, are a symbol of temptation and lust, whereas in Sophia’s writing they are trigger reconnection with the ancestors and are full of literary dignity.