bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expanding Sgr A* dynamical imaging capabilities with an African extension to the Event Horizon Telescope
Authors: La Bella Noemi , Issaoun Sara , Roelofs Freek , Fromm Christian , Falcke Heino
Published: January 2023

Context. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has recently published the first images of the supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). Imaging Sgr A* is plagued by two major challenges: variability on short (approximately minutes) timescales and interstellar scattering along our line of sight. While the scattering is well studied, the source variability continues to push the limits of current imaging algorithms. In particular, movie reconstructions are hindered by the sparse and time-variable coverage of the array.

Aims. In this paper, we study the impact of the planned Africa Millimetre Telescope (AMT, in Namibia) and Canary Islands telescope (CNI) additions to the time-dependent coverage and imaging fidelity of the EHT array. This African array addition to the EHT further increases the eastwest (u, v) coverage and provides a wider time window to perform high-fidelity movie reconstructions of Sgr A*.

Methods. We generated synthetic observations of Sgr A*’s accretion flow and used dynamical imaging techniques to create movie reconstructions of the source. To test the fidelity of our results, we used one general-relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic model of the accretion flow and jet to represent the quiescent state and one semi-analytic model of an orbiting hotspot to represent the flaring state.

Results. We found that the addition of the AMT alone offers a significant increase in the (u, v) coverage, leading to robust averaged images during the first hours of the observating track. Moreover, we show that the combination of two telescopes on the African continent, in Namibia and in the Canary Islands, produces a very sensitive array to reconstruct the variability of Sgr A* on horizon scales.

Conclusions. We conclude that the African expansion to the EHT increases the fidelity of high-resolution movie reconstructions of Sgr A* to study gas dynamics near the event horizon.
Intelligent algorithms of construction of public transport routes
Authors: Ismailov Mirxalil , Ziyadullaev Davron , Muhamediyeva Dilnoz , Gazieva Rano , Dzholdasbaeva Aksulu , Aynaqulov Sharofiddin
Published: January 2023

Today, in public transport planning systems, it is relevant to a search for a possible route with a minimum time. The aim of the work is the development of intelligent algorithms for constructing public transport routes, the development of programs, and the conduct of a computational experiment. Research methods are the theory of neural networks. The paper considers Hopfield neural networks and proposed recurrent neural networks. However, in Hopfield neural networks, the chances of solving this optimization problem decrease as the matrix size increases. A recurrent neural network is proposed, represented by a differential equation to solve this problem. As a result, the number of iterative computations can be reduced by n2 times than in the Hopfield network.
Assessment of temperature and precipitation trends in Kashkadarya, Uzbekistan
Authors: Khamidov Sardor , Li Zhi , Nasirova Makhliyo , Pulatov Bakhtiyor , Pulatov Alim
Published: January 2023

Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues that occur human-induced with large-scale social, economic, and environmental impacts. Climate models, which have been widely performed in the last decades, allow a study of change in climate variables and their impact on the environment. The present study was conducted to study changes in temperature and precipitation between 2006-2041 in the southern part of Uzbekistan. The results showed that the average temperature decreased from 14.53 °C during 2006-2010 to 14.40 °C during 2011-2015. Monthly average minimum temperature ranges (increases) from east to west in the region during all months of the year for both shared socio-economic pathways in 2021-2040. The minimum and maximum precipitation amount constituted 11.23 mm and 55.91 mm in the region, correspondingly within 2006-2010, whereas these amounts increased during the second period (2011-2015), 11.96 mm and 60.28 mm. Precipitation will not change sharply from SSP2.6 to SSP8.5 from 2021 to 2040.
Numerical simulation of tasks of vertical viscoelastic oscillation of suspension systems of frame, engine, cabin and seat
Authors: Rakhmankulova Barna , Mirzaev Sayibdjan , Yusupov Mazhid
Published: January 2023

The analysis of the structures of the springing systems of modern vehicles showed that polymer composites are used in vehicles for which the decrease in curb weight is a critical indicator. The use of springs (suspensions) from polymer composites makes it possible to reduce the weight of the elastic element and increase durability while improving the smoothness of movement, reducing noise, and increasing traffic safety. When replacing the steel suspension with a polymer composite suspension, the mass of unsprung parts of the car decreases, and the economic performance of wheeled vehicles improves.

The article discusses the problem of vertical viscoelastic oscillations of the suspension systems of the skeleton, engine, cabin, and seat. When considering the suspension's rheological properties, the Boltzmann-Volterra integral model is used. The Koltunov-Rzhanitsyn nucleus is used as a nucleus, which has weakly singular features of the Abel type. The system of integro-differential equations describing the studied process is solved by a method based on the use of quadrature formulas. The effect of the parameters of the hereditary-deformable properties of the suspension on the vibration shape is shown.
Vertical vibrations of traction engine with viscoelastic suspension
Authors: Mirzaev Sayibdjan , Yusupov Majid , Rakhmankulova Barna , Umarova Feruza , Abdikayimova Gulnaz
Published: January 2023

The tasks of a traction engine with suspension elements and additional devices for converting movement (DCM) are considered. The object of protection, the estimated dynamic state, is solid with mass M and moment of inertia J relative to the center of gravity. To account the suspension material's rheological properties, the Boltzmann-Volterra principle is used. Mathematical models of the problem under consideration are obtained, which are described by the systems of integro-differential equations. A solution method based on quadrature formulas is developed, and a computer program is compiled based on its basis, the results of which are reflected in the graphs. The influence of DCM and rheological properties of the suspension material on the shape of the vertical vibrations of the object is investigated.
Study of the strength properties of modified concrete in tension
Authors: Khasanov Bakhridin , Choriev Ruzimurat , Ismailova Zukhra , Eshchanova Guzal , Mirzaev Timur
Published: January 2023

The resistance of concrete to axial tension is much less than the resistance to compression and is largely determined by the adhesion of its components. The low tensile strength of ordinary concrete is explained by the heterogeneity of its structure and the discontinuity of concrete, which contributes to the development of stress concentration, especially under the action of tensile forces. To increase the tensile strength of concrete, it is necessary to eliminate, first of all, the heterogeneity of the structure of concrete - one of the main reasons for the large dispersion of the results of mechanical tests of this material, which affects the experimental determination of compressive strength. A significant difference between the compressive strength for ordinary concrete indicates a rather large spread of such values. This scatter is explained by the different influence of factors on tension and compression. For example, for ordinary concretes, it was found that with an increase in W/C , the tensile strength decreases, but to a lesser extent than the compressive strength. With an increase in the grade of concrete, the tensile strength increases. High-strength concretes, as a rule, prepared on concrete mixes with low W/C and on clean conditioned aggregates in the form of crushed stone and sand, have an increased density, therefore, they have less variation in strength readings both in compression and at stretching [1-4].
Complex measures to develop informatization and automation of construction and technical expertise
Authors: Sborshikov Sergei , Markova Irina , Zinoviev Alexey
Published: January 2023

Using an information model of a capital construction object greatly simplifies the interaction within the construction and technical expertise framework, eliminates redundant procedures, and reduces the duration, labor intensity, and cost of construction and technical expertise (judicial, pre-trial, corporate). In this regard, the article provides a complex of measures for the development of informatization of construction and technical expertise, which can be represented as a combination of three components: theoretical, methodological, and practical. Using the capital construction object's information model significantly simplifies the interaction within the construction and technical expertise framework, eliminates redundant procedures, and reduces the duration, labor intensity, and cost of construction and technical expertise (judicial, pre-trial, corporate). In this regard, the article presents a set of measures for the development of informatization of construction and technical expertise, which can be represented as a combination of three components: theoretical, methodological, and practical. From the point of view of practical value, the proposed set of measures indicates the main directions for the digitalization of construction and technical expertise, which can be projected onto other aspects of investment and construction activities.
Technology for erecting monolithic enclosing structures of buildings made of expanded polystyrene concrete
Authors: Ibragimov Ruslan , Imaikin Dmitry , Evstigneeva Yuliya
Published: January 2023

This work aims to develop effective technology for erecting monolithic enclosing structures of buildings made of expanded polystyrene concrete. As a result of the research carried out, a model of large-panel formwork made of ABS plastic for concreting monolithic walls with an expanded polystyrene concrete mixture was developed, representing rectangular panels of a size of 3000 x 1200 x 40 mm. To ensure the necessary strength and rigidity, the outer side of the formwork is made cellular with a large number of longitudinal and transverse stiffeners placed in increments of 300 mm. We have developed a technology for erecting monolithic enclosing structures of buildings made of expanded polystyrene concrete using a mobile concrete-mixing unit. The following are technical and economic indicators for manufacturing monolithic walls out of expanded polystyrene concrete of a volume of 46 m3 : the cost is 354.784 thousand rubles, and the labor intensity and unit capacity are 163.76 people.*h and 27.36 units.*h, respectively. The results significantly offer the construction industry a solution to reduce the labor intensity of construction and installation while manufacturing cost-effective monolithic enclosing structures for buildings.
Analysis of technical and operational condition of urban reinforced concrete bridge structures
Authors: Shermukhamedov Ulugbek , Sobirova Mamura , Azamov Nodir , Ibrokhimova Saida
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the technical condition of urban reinforced concrete bridge structures. The authors studied the technical passports of all bridges and overpasses in Tashkent and made direct technical inspections of more than 10 bridge structures. As a result, most of the shortcomings and defects of the existing bridge structures in the city were revealed. In Tashkent, there is a significant number of reinforced concrete bridge structures, the service life of 60 to 100 years (24% of the total number), a significant part of which (42%) has been operated for many years without major repairs. A "four-level" approach is proposed, which contains four stages of analysis, and evaluates the technical condition of the operated reinforced concrete bridge structures.
Method of experimental research of concrete beams with fiberglass reinforcement for bending
Authors: Akramov Xusnitdin , Davlyatov Shoxrux , Umarov Shodiljon , Abobakirova Zebuniso
Published: January 2023

This article presents a methodology for experimental studies of bent concrete beams made of ordinary heavy concrete, equipped with fiberglass composite reinforcement, and data on methods for measuring the arising deformations, cracks, and deflections of prototypes of beams under the action of transverse forces.
Improving impeller and water flow section of vane pumps
Authors: Dzhurabekov Alisher , Rashidov Jaloliddin , Gazaryan Aleksandr , Kholbutaev Boybek , Mansurova Shakhnoza , Tashmatov Norpulat
Published: January 2023

As a result of the research, it was found that the blades of the working impellers of the pumps are eroded at the inlet and outlet. Based on software studies, the points of erosion caused by cavitation and sand particles at the entrance of the impeller and the points of operation of the impeller under heavy load have been determined. The operating points under heavy load are compared with working impellers in nature. After comparison with software developments, it is determined that they are compatible with working impellers in natural conditions. The following impeller model is recommended to reduce cavitation and erosion processes in the impeller (Figures. 6, 10). The recommended impeller is shown in the inlet of the impeller to free water entry, prevent water shortage, and reduce the level of cavitation. (Figures 6, 10, 11). The ingress of water into the impeller is freed, the continuous movement of water is restored, and the methods of preventing the processes of decay and holes formed in the impeller are given. Recommended methods of significantly reducing the level of wear in the input and output parts of the impeller are given.
A new technology in cleaning irrigation systems from turbid sediments
Authors: Abduraimova D. , Otakhanov M. , Melikuziyev S. , Khoshimov A. , Bakhromova D.
Published: January 2023

The current article considers a method of improvement based on the laws of flow motion in developing resource-saving devices based on the analytical analysis of research on using air ejectors in the national economy. The hydraulic parameters of the jet lift and air ejector are theoretically based, and the connections obtained are tested experimentally. Based on the experiments, the economical parameters of the inlet water lift and air ejector were determined. It was determined that the working pressure of the laboratory water intake device for taking water from a well at a depth of 1 m to a height of 2 m is Hi = 1 m, working flow consumption Q=29.52·10-5 m3/s. Based on theoretical research and experimental data, the consumption characteristics of the structured water lift and air ejector were constructed.
Justification of parameters of sump in machine channel
Authors: Khidirov Sanatjon , Artikbekova Fotima , Khalmuradova Ezoza , Isakulova Bakhtigul
Published: January 2023

In studies conducted in 2017-2020. It has been proved that the erosion and erosion of the Amu Darya's banks, which occur due to rapid and uneven changes in its channel, requires large expenditures for bringing water to the Amu-Bukhara channel with a damless water intake. An analysis of the pumping station data shows that the uninterrupted movement of water in the system water intake-distribution-channel-sediment retention system-system-fore-chamber-suction pipes-pumping unit-pressure pipes-consumer largely depends on the reliable operation of the structures that make up the system. As a result of the rise of water with a high content of turbidity, hydroabrasive erosion of pumping units occurs, and their service life is reduced. The article discusses the installation of sedimentation tanks in the water supply channel to the pumping station to reduce the amount of turbidity in the water; it is determined that to take the effective value of the number, the sweep angle α has the boundary condition αps.inlet≤44° in the area behind the traverse dam. The angle at the exit from the clarifier is determined αsump=180° and corners αps.inlet≤44° on the compression zone of dams on the concreted part at the entrance to the antechamber of the pumping station Clarifiers built on these parameters provide a reduction in water turbidity.
Boundaries of flow change in an array of structures with an inclined slope
Authors: Glovatskii Oleg , Hamdamov Bekmamat , Ismoilov Naim , Gazaryan Alexander , Nasirova Naira
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research is to substantiate an effective technology for the use of reinforced soil in hydraulic engineering facilities. The main task is to develop calculation methods and compare them with the results of model studies. The article uses methods of physical modeling of structures made of reinforced soil. It develops the theoretical foundations of modeling by introducing the obtained data on full-scale structures. The values of the dimensionless coefficients and the corresponding hydraulic gradients for various times are given in the tabular form, which is convenient for calculating operational parameters. To clarify the change in the boundary of the filtration flow over time, experiments were carried out in a slotted tray. The article graphically depicts the results of theoretical studies and experiments; the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental curves for changing the boundary of the filtration flow over time is no more than 4%.
Numerical modelling of long waves in wide rectangular channels in lagrangian coordinates
Authors: Krutov Anatoly
Published: January 2023

The paper discusses the possibility of using Lagrangian coordinates to predict the transformation of long waves of different origins near the coasts, necessary in the design, construction, and operation of protective structures, as well as a wide range of environmental problems related, among others, to the spread of pollutants. Results of numerical investigations, compared with analytical solutions, showed satisfactory coincidence.
Analysis results of data obtained in natural field research in mountain river Sokhsoy
Authors: Arifjanov Aybek , Babajanov Farrukh , Akhmedov Islombek , Fozilov Odiljon , Umarov Isroil
Published: January 2023

Forecasting and preventing silting of hydraulic structures, irrigation canals, and reservoirs, as well as improving methods for maintaining their throughput, is particularly important. In this regard, special attention is paid to research work aimed at improving hydraulic calculation methods, taking into account the variability of channel factors in the design and construction of hydraulic structures planned for construction. This article analyzes the factors influencing the occurrence of the deformation process in the channels based on the information obtained in the natural field conditions.
Shear and filtration strength of foundation of channel type hydropower plant building
Authors: Bakiev Masharif , Babajanova Nodira , Babajanov Kakhramon , Khasanov Khojiakbar
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the study was to analyze the foundation's filtration strength and the HPP building's shear stability after 38 years of operation as part of the Tuyamuyun hydroelectric complex on the Amudarya River. The analysis was carried out based on field data obtained with the help of 16 piezometers installed in two alignments within the block of the HPP building and vertical drainages in the grassland. The constructed graphs of water pressure fluctuations in piezometers coincide with the nature of the change in the water level in the upper and lower pools. The actual gradients did not exceed the allowable gradient for the shaly sand interlayer and limestone bedding fracture filler. Comparison of the maximum natural gradients and those calculated from model studies using electrohydrodynamic analogies. The stability of the HPP building block is estimated by the maximum piezometric pressure and compared with analytical calculations, and the safety factor is 2.303. In this way, the base's filtration strength and the structure's shear stability are ensured in the entire range of changes in the operating mode of the pressure front of the HPP building block.
Ensuring smooth functioning of system for monitoring and managing processes of cleaning bottom sediments in reservoirs
Authors: Zayniddinova Zebiniso , Zayniddinov Bobirjon
Published: January 2023

This article discusses one way to ensure the system's functioning for monitoring and controlling the processes of cleaning bottom sediments in reservoirs. The reservoir's main elements and the system's architecture for monitoring and controlling the processes of cleaning bottom sediments as automated water-moving objects are given. The results of the analysis of the issues of ensuring the continuous operation of this system are given that to maintain a given level of system reliability, it is necessary to replace the failed measuring system with a serviceable one. The systems of differential equations are considered following that the recovery and loss processes are independent and depend on the External distribution rule with variable parameters.
Assessment of units vibration state and water supply path of Amuzang-2 pumping station
Authors: Shaazizov Farrukh
Published: January 2023

This article presents separate results of studies devoted to the study and analysis of vibrational phenomena occurring on pumping units and along the line of the pressure pipeline of the surveyed pumping stations, associated with flow pulsation in the water supply path and cavitation manifested on pumping units. As is known, the operation of pumps is accompanied by hydrodynamic oscillatory phenomena, which are expressed in the non-stationarity of the field of velocities and pressures of water at the outlet of the pump. This is especially typical for powerful centrifugal pumps with high volumetric flow rates and pressure drops on the impeller, which took place at Amuzang-2 pumping station. Thus, the analysis of the results of vibration tests of pipelines allows us to draw the following conclusions: 1. The vibration state of all pipelines is unsatisfactory. 2. The cause of increased vibration is an unfavorable combination of design, installation, and operational factors.
Automatic partition structure for trapezoidal channels
Authors: Kadirova Mukaddas-Gaukhar
Published: January 2023

Based on the analysis of existing and proposed designs of automatic gate structures, as well as the design of an automatic water level regulator on the canal developed earlier with F.A.Kadirov, a design of a mobile automatic partition structure in the form of an automatic shutter for channels of a trapezoidal section of irrigation systems was developed. And also, based on model studies conducted by the author, the flow coefficient is determined, and a formula for determining the throughput of this design is given. This design is made in the form of a gate, which is a container formed by a rigid bottom, pressure, and spillway parts of the flexible rubberized meliorative fabric, passing into flexible side elements. The level control in front of the partition structure is carried out with the help of a level controller. This partition structure does not require large expenditures; it can be portable or stationary, it is not metal-intensive, lightweight, transportable, combines the functions of stabilizing the required water level in the channel, dumping excess water, fin, and debris, and provides the necessary water inflow into the discharge channels.
Evaluation of the dynamic characteristics of complex multiply connected, structurally inhomogeneous systems
Authors: Khudainazarov Sherzod , Mavlanov Tulkin , Umarova Feruza , Sabirjanov Talibjan , Ulugova Mokhira
Published: January 2023

In this work, its application's theoretical and methodological foundations are developed for calculating the dynamic characteristics of shell structures that function independently or are parts of a complex mechanical system as a substructure. An important stage in the study of the dynamic behavior of the complex multiply connected shell structure under consideration is the determination of the dynamic characteristics of the structure, which include natural frequencies and modes of vibration, amplitude-phase frequency characteristics, dynamic coefficients of influence, dynamic stiffness and the coefficient of dynamicity. A solution method, an algorithm, and a program for calculating dynamic problems of structurally inhomogeneous shell systems have been developed. The developed method makes it possible to determine the dynamic characteristics of structurally inhomogeneous shell systems, numerical results are obtained, and graphs of the change in vibration frequencies depending on the inhomogeneity parameter are plotted.
Hydrodynamic characteristics of water flow in area of lower pool junction of spillway structures
Authors: Khidirov Sanatjon , Artikbekova Fotima , Azimov Azam , Yulchiev Davronbek
Published: January 2023

One of the important issues is the assessment of the strength of the elements of hydraulic structures, spillway structures, reservoirs, and hydraulic complexes, the determination of the connection mode of the basins, and the reduction of kinetic energy in the reinforced fields of the downstream pool. In this regard, it is especially important to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow of water moving in the apron and risberme area, which provides the stability of the downstream pool - the areas that indicate the distribution and direction of velocity and pressure.
Mathematical modelling of hydrochemical processes in surface waters
Authors: Akhmedova Tamara
Published: January 2023

In recent years, a large number of mathematical models of water quality have been developed which can be used for predictive calculations under certain conditions. This work is mainly devoted to the mechanical aspects of substances transport in watercourse systems. It is practically possible to quickly determine the concentration of impurities in a river only by methods of mathematical modelling of impurities transport.
Fluid movement in a flat pipe with a break
Authors: Babazhanova Iroda , Babazhanov Yuldash , Bazarov Orifjan , Eshev Sobir , Latipov Shaxboz
Published: January 2023

A new task is set and solved about the flow of fluid in the canal with a break and considering the vortex and cavitation zones. Systematic calculations of stationary flow characteristics and cavity for cavitation flow in the channel.
Seismicity caused by hydrological regime of large reservoirs
Authors: Khamidov Lutfulla , Artikov Farkhod , Khamidov Khayrulla , Ganieva Barno , Anvarova Sadoqat
Published: January 2023

By the analysis of the results of assessing the deformations of the base with a change in the hydrological regime of reservoirs, it is stated that during the operation of large reservoirs, its base and coastal slopes are located in the field of compression and tension loads of the corresponding intensity of the base bending amplitudes with a variation in water volume. It is shown that mountain massifs deformations at large reservoirs' bases can correspond to limiting tectonic focal deformations, which directly affect the regular stress-strain state and background geodynamic movements near the lying seismically active layer of the earth's crust. The study aims to identify the conditions for developing local geodynamic processes in the zones of deformational influence of large reservoirs, solving problems of mathematical physics for specific seismically active fault zones crossing the foundations of large hydraulic structures. An analysis of the results of processing the observed earthquake frequency, elastic displacements in the near zones of reservoirs, and estimates of local deformations shows the influence of changes in the hydrological regime in reservoirs on the activation of weak local earthquakes. It is explained that they are non-linear in nature and are associated with other influencing factors: additional load, the presence of local and active tectonic faults, flooding, and changes in pore pressure.
Regime of deposition of sediments in the head settlement basin of the supply channel of pumping stations
Authors: Norkulov Bekhzod , Khujakulov Rustam , Kurbanov Ilhom , Kurbanov Azizali , Jumaboyeva Gulnora , Kurbanov Azamat
Published: January 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the mode of inflow and dynamics of sedimentation on the inlet part of the canal. The results of field studies of the state of the channel situation in the supply channels of pumping stations are studied. The process of siltation of the head sump of pumping stations is analyzed. A method for regulating solid runoff into the inlet sections of the canal has been developed. And also by the nature of the change in the hydraulic elements of the flow, the time of siltation of the sump and cleaning the length of the investigated section of the channel were determined. Based on the results of a full-scale study of the supply channel, a recommendation was developed to improve its operation.
Establishment of volume of channel silting and organization of treatment works in the conditions of Amudarya River
Authors: Kurbanov Azizali , Nazaraliyev Dilshod , Kurbanov Azamat , Jumaboyeva Gulnora , Islomov Karim , Gulkhayo Yakubova
Published: January 2023

The article discusses methods for ensuring guaranteed water intake and the process of sedimentation in the head sedimentation tank. Based on the results of a full-scale study of the supply channel, a recommendation was developed to improve its operation. The results of surveys of the hydraulic and alluvial regimes of sediments in the channel of supply channels are analyzed and summarized as well as the organization of cleaning work and recommendations for the appropriate placement of dredgers along the channel length. The arrangement of dredgers is carried out depending on the distribution of sediment volumes along the length of the channel, taking into account the type and performance of each dredger.
Features of operation and hydraulic calculations
Authors: Burlachenko Alena , Chernykh Olga , Khanov Nartmir , Bazarov Dilshod
Published: January 2023

Issues related to the design and hydraulic calculations of the transit part of a closed tubular water supply structure of the siphon type are considered. The operating conditions of a siphon with rectangular pipes in the transition mode are estimated. Due to the formation of a hydraulic jump, the inlet section of the siphon pipes experiences increased hydrodynamic loads, leading to certain defects and destruction. The design of the siphon with two breaks along the length with a portal and a smooth inlet head or without it was modeled. As a result of modeling studies, the absence of a noticeable effect of the inlet head of the culvert on the length of the free-flow inlet section was established. It was revealed that the conditions of formation, the features of the hydraulic operation of the siphon, and the loads it experiences in the transient mode are largely determined by its design solutions. With the flooding of the inlet head, the flow of air into the pipe is hindered, and a transition mode of the second type is formed with a slight fluctuation in the water level in front of the structure upstream. The dependence of the location of the flow separation point with a decrease in the throughput of water on its value was revealed, which made it possible to obtain a graph of the dependence of the relative length of the free-flow section on the square root of the Froude number. A comparison was made with the results of studies by other authors, which showed an increase in the relative length in tubular structures of the siphon type in sections with reverse slopes at the same Froude numbers. Recommendations are given on the methodology for carrying out hydraulic calculation of tubular culverts for various purposes with minimal flow rates, and ways for further multifactorial studies of siphons on the reclamation network are indicated.
Technology of hardening surfaces of working bodies by electromechanical processing
Authors: Norov Begmat , Yuldashev Sh.U. , Kholmatova Kh.N.
Published: January 2023

The article presents the results of research on technology development and substantiation of the modes of strengthening the working surfaces of earth-moving machines by the electromechanical method. The types of wear and the appearance of defects on the working surfaces of the part are analyzed, taking into account the operating conditions. Based on the conducted studies on the study of surface wear, the arithmetic mean values were determined using the example of a plowshare of a bulldozer blade. A technology for restoring a part with subsequent electromechanical hardening has been developed. The influence of processing modes on the surface hardness was studied, and using a multifactorial experiment, a regression equation was identified, and optimal hardening modes were substantiated.
Possibilities of processing agricultural waste at energy efficient facilities to produce gas, liquid and solid energy products
Authors: Ruziyeva Iroda , Alijanov Serik , Kamilov Shukhrat , Safaev Makhammadzohid , Safaev Mahmud , Melikuziyev Sarvar
Published: January 2023

Comparatively, the results of experimental studies of pyrolysis of bio-plant material and oil sludge were studied, which gave similar results. The article provides scientific and technical information on the problems of processing solid waste and residues of biological origin. It has been shown that by thermal destruction, it is possible to obtain hydrocarbons of a gaseous, liquid consistency, and solid mass, preferably consisting of hydrocarbons with a small number of hydrocarbon residues.
Justification of parameters of working body of deep loosener
Authors: Igamberdiyev Asqar , Farmonov Erkin , Alikulov Saydilla , Usmanova G. , Sharipov Zayniddin
Published: January 2023

The article presents the analysis results on the study of physical-mechanical properties of soils in Uzbekistan and experimental studies on the influence of parameters and rational geometric shape of working tools on the quality of soil tillage while reducing energy costs. It has been established that soil moisture and hardness in the periods of basic and pre-sowing tillage differ significantly according to weather conditions, agrophonous background, and sowing and harvesting technology of agricultural crops. The peculiarities of different soils and the main directions of preserving and increasing their fertility are considered. The problems of optimization of physical properties and issues of the fertility state of irrigated soils are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the problems of improving soil's basic physical and mechanical properties. The use of effective technologies for improving and ameliorating irrigated lands, increasing fertility, and reducing and preventing soil salinization is proposed. For prevention of decrease and preservation of soil fertility, purposeful measures on improvement of physical properties of soils are recommended, the mechanism of which solution is the application of innovative technology of processing providing purposeful growth and development of root system, moderate moisture of soil, increased water permeability, moisture stocks, and reduction of salinization. To prevent intensive moisture evaporation after deep tillage, it is recommended to carry out agrophobic treatment by maximum leveling and creating a shallow crumbly surface layer. To substantiate the parameters of the deep loosener were based on the fact that the degree and magnitude of soil deformation depend on both the shape and parameters of interacting working bodies and on the physical and mechanical properties of the cultivated medium.
Justification of compactor parameters for cleaning and transportation of raw cotton
Authors: Khudaiberdiev Abduaziz , Kuychiev Odil
Published: January 2023

The article substantiates the method of compaction and the parameters of the compactor of raw cotton in an elastic container, which make it possible to increase the productivity of cotton pickers due to the large capacity of the container and the increase in the coefficient of use of shift time. A layered compaction method has been studied, which makes it possible to compact the cotton mass with its continuous flow from the bottom to the neck of the container.

Theoretically, the pressure in various layers of the cotton mass, the distance between the inner ends of the sealing elements, the magnitude of the stroke and the speed of movement of the sealer, and the volume of the container are determined, the coefficients taking into account the elongation of the height of the container and the layering of the seal are found. All parameters are substantiated by the condition of ensuring high productivity and reliability of the cotton pickers.
Determining soil-deepener the vertical distance from blade to lower suspension point of plug
Authors: Khasanov Ulugbek , Jurayev Tursun , Xudoydotov Ramozonbek , Imomov Komil
Published: January 2023

The technology of intensive treating to soil is used to harvest 2 or 3 times from watered lands. Aggregations of the car–tractor pass many times through the surface of the field as a result of it. As a result, the soil layer surface turns to small pieces of dust, and the condensation of the underground layer empowers. Apart from that, when we treat the soil with a plug in the same depth for many years, extremely condensed compensation of plug appears under the field, and it hinders the improvement of plants' roots and the being soaked process of water. After that, the rate of productivity decreases. To solve this problem, economical ways of treating the soil and protective technologies for soil are spreading worldwide. To eliminate these shortcomings, in this article, the working process is improved in the process of plowing the land. To ensure that the plug with a submersible sink to a specified depth and runs smoothly at this depth, the vertical distance from the blade of the submersible to the lower hanging point of the plug and the vertical distance of the submersible plug in the longitudinal - vertical plane the results of theoretical studies on determining the forces affecting the plug are described.
Experimental studies of pneumatic disc atomizer for low volume spraying
Authors: Utepov Burxon , Khaydarov Tuygun , Rajabov Nurmamat , Murtazayeva Gulnoza , Tulaganov Bakhtiyor , Avliyakulov Mirzoolim
Published: January 2023

The article presents the results of experimental studies to determine the dependence of the rotational speed of a pneumatic disc sprayer with coaxial air flow on the flow rate of the working fluid. To refine the parameters of the working body, studies were carried out within the liquid flow rate q, corresponding to the first and second spraying modes, at different rotation speeds ω, the working body's radius r, and the number of radial channels np. At the same time, the mass of the rotating part of the pneumatic disk atomizer was determined.

The quality of dispersion of the working fluid obtained experimentally by a multi-disk atomizer in a film version driven by an air flow corresponds to a low-volume liquid atomization mode.
Fuzzy optimization of route networks urban passenger transport
Authors: Muhamediyeva D.T. , Mirzaraxmedov S.Sh.
Published: January 2023

The work aims to study methods for optimizing the route networks of urban passenger transport with fuzzy initial information since the process of passenger transportation in cities has many factors of uncertainty and stochasticity and is quite complex, including a whole range of initial data. Heuristic fuzzy optimization methods are proposed. The study's main result is the improvement of methods for optimizing the route networks of urban passenger transport. These methods today make it possible to take into account the opposing interests of the participants in the process of transporting passengers in the city, as well as to set a large set of initial parameters and restrictions for the mathematical model of optimizing the urban route network. A fuzzy transport problem has been solved, a computational experiment has been carried out, and results have been obtained to illustrate the proposed method. This method is easy to understand and apply to find the optimal solution in fuzzy transport models of real problems. An algorithm for finding L alternate routes and determining the ideal route for vehicle traffic control based on a graph database allows vehicle traffic control.
Evaluation of complexity of urban bus routes
Authors: Kodirov Tuygun , Togaev Golibjon , Kenjaeva Barno
Published: January 2023

Bus transport is the main (often the only) passenger transport connecting all cities of Uzbekistan and their rural settlements and has an important social significance. In modern conditions, the main factor that motivates passengers to choose certain routes and modes of transport in public transport is safe and high speed. Operational conditions on city bus routes vary in complexity, requiring a special approach to planning traffic, measures to ensure fast and safe movement on the route, standardization of the quality of services, and the introduction of fair systems of state financial support. The current methods and technologies for determining the level of complexity of the direction recommended by researchers require specialists to conduct complex tests or special knowledge. There is a need for simple and universal methods of assessing the complexity of the route so that the competent authorities regulating the activities of urban public transport and transport operators can quickly make decisions. This article systematizes the factors influencing the complexity of regular routes served by bus companies operating in the structure of urban public transport and proposes a method of assessing the index of route complexity.
Remaining life of main frame and extension of service life of shunting Locomotives on railways of Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Khamidov Otabek , Yusufov Abdulaziz , Jamilov Shuxrat , Kudratov Shohijakhon
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to topical issues of control and calculation of the residual life of the main frame of shunting diesel locomotives operated on the railway of Uzbekistan. The article presents mathematical methods for calculating the residual life of locomotives. Also, it substantiates the expediency of extending the service life of shunting locomotives at the earliest stage of their development. The results were obtained with the help of the Solid works software environment, which allows you to analyze the calculations and identify the forces acting on the main frame of the locomotives. In addition, the 3-D model of the main frame was analyzed with effort. An analysis of the locomotive fleet of Uzbekistan Temir Yo'llari JSC was carried out; based on the fleet data, a detailed analysis of shunting locomotives was carried out. Methods for predicting the main frame's residual life and extending the shunting locomotives' service life have been studied.
Robust estimation in finite mixture models
Authors: Lecestre Alexandre
Published: January 2023

We observe a n-sample, the distribution of which is assumed to belong, or at least to be close enough, to a given mixture model. We propose an estimator of this distribution that belongs to our model and possesses some robustness properties with respect to a possible misspecification of it. We establish a non-asymptotic deviation bound for the Hellinger distance between the target distribution and its estimator when the model consists of a mixture of densities that belong to VC-subgraph classes. Under suitable assumptions and when the mixture model is well-specified, we derive risk bounds for the parameters of the mixture. Finally, we design a statistical procedure that allows us to select from the data the number of components as well as suitable models for each of the densities that are involved in the mixture. These models are chosen among a collection of candidate ones and we show that our selection rule combined with our estimation strategy result in an estimator which satisfies an oracle-type inequality.
Digital Stories, die verbinden – Berufsidentität
Authors: Truninger Anne , Delmée Céline
Published: January 2023

Der geringe Bekanntheitsgrad der Ergotherapie ist ein wiederkehrendes Thema in der Geschichte des Berufs. Zwei Ergotherapeutinnen haben sich im Rahmen ihrer Bachelorarbeit vertieft mit den dadurch verursachten Schwierigkeiten sowie dem Digital Storytelling als möglichen Lösungsansatz auseinandergesetzt.
Die Rechtsfrage: Darf man ein Patientengeheimnis offenbaren?
Authors: Schlegel Thomas
Published: January 2023

„Mein Mitarbeiter begleitet einen Jugendlichen in der Autismustherapie. Die Eltern haben sich gerade getrennt. Der Vater erzählte im Elterngespräch, dass er mit einer illegalen Software auf dem Handy sämtliche Aktivitäten seines Sohnes trackt. Der Therapeut hat darauf hingewiesen, dass das nicht erlaubt ist, der Vater zeigt sich allerdings nicht einsichtig. Muss der Therapeut die Aktivität des Vaters melden?”

Therapeutin aus Niedersachsen
Eingreifen, bevor es sich zuspitzt – Deeskalationsmanagement
Authors: Pritschke Maik
Published: January 2023

Eine klare Haltung und Strategie in Einrichtungen und Kliniken zum Thema Gewalt und Aggression sind wichtig – und Führungsaufgabe. Oftmals sind Präventions- und Hilfsangebote nicht ausreichend bekannt oder überhaupt nicht vorhanden. Ein Einblick in die Möglichkeiten des Deeskalationsmanagements.
Molecular Neurosurgery: Introduction to Gene Therapy and Clinical Applications
Authors: Addison Angela P. , McGinnis J.P. , Ortiz-Guzman Joshua , Tantry Evelyne K. , Patel Dhruv M. , Belfort Benjamin D. W. , Srivastava Snigdha , Romero Juan M. , Arenkiel Benjamin R. , Curry Daniel J.
Published: January 2023

To date, more than 100 clinical trials have used sequence-based therapies to address diseases of the pediatric central nervous system. The first targeted pathologies share common features: the diseases are severe; they are due (mostly) to single variants; the variants are well characterized within the genome; and the interventions are technically feasible. Interventions range from intramuscular and intravenous injection to intrathecal and intraparenchymal infusions. Whether the therapeutic sequence consists of RNA or DNA, and whether the sequence is delivered via simple oligonucleotide, nanoparticle, or viral vector depends on the disease and the involved cell type(s) of the nervous system. While only one active trial targets an epilepsy disorder—Dravet syndrome—experiences with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, spinal muscular atrophy, and others have taught us several lessons that will undoubtedly apply to the future of gene therapy for epilepsies. Epilepsies, with their diverse underlying mechanisms, will have unique aspects that may influence gene therapy strategies, such as targeting the epileptic zone or nodes in affected circuits, or alternatively finding ways to target nearly every neuron in the brain. This article focuses on the current state of gene therapy and includes its history and premise, the strategy and delivery vehicles most commonly used, and details viral vectors, current trials, and considerations for the future of pediatric intracranial gene therapy.