bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limiting CDR-H3 Diversity Abrogates the Antibody Response to the Bacterial Polysaccharide α 1→3 Dextran
Authors: Mahmoud Tamer I. , Schroeder Harry W. , Kearney John F.
Published: June 2011

Anti-polysaccharide Ab responses in mice are often oligoclonal, and the mechanisms involved in Ag-specific clone production and selection remain poorly understood. We evaluated the relative contribution of DH germline content versus N nucleotide addition in a classic oligoclonal, T-independent Ab response (α 1→3 dextran [DEX]) by challenging adult TdT-sufficient (TdT+/+) and TdT-deficient (TdT−/−) gene-targeted mice, limited to the use of a single DH gene segment (D-limited mice), with Enterobacter cloacae. D-limited mice achieved anti-DEX–specific levels of Abs that were broadly comparable to those of wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice. Sequence analysis of the third CDR of the H chain intervals obtained by PCR amplification of VH domain DNA from DEX-specific plasmablasts revealed the near universal presence of an aspartic acid residue (D99) at the V–D junction, irrespective of the composition of the DH locus. Although WT mice were able to use germline DH (DQ52, DSP, or DST) gene segment sequence, TdT activity, or both to produce D99, all three D-limited mouse strains relied exclusively on N addition. Additionally, in the absence of TdT, D-limited mice failed to produce a DEX response. Coupled with previous studies demonstrating a reduced response to DEX in TdT−/− mice with a WT DH locus, we concluded that in the case of the anti-DEX repertoire, which uses a short third CDR of the H chain, the anti-DEX response relies more intensely on sequences created by postnatal N nucleotide addition than on the germline sequence of the DH.
Targeting Antigen to Mouse Dendritic Cells via Clec9A Induces Potent CD4 T Cell Responses Biased toward a Follicular Helper Phenotype
Authors: Lahoud Mireille H. , Ahmet Fatma , Kitsoulis Susie , Wan Soo San , Vremec David , Lee Chin-Nien , Phipson Belinda , Shi Wei , Smyth Gordon K. , Lew Andrew M. , Kato Yu , Mueller Scott N. , Davey Gayle M. , Heath William R. , Shortman Ken , Caminschi Irina
Published: June 2011

Three surface molecules of mouse CD8+ dendritic cells (DCs), also found on the equivalent human DC subpopulation, were compared as targets for Ab-mediated delivery of Ags, a developing strategy for vaccination. For the production of cytotoxic T cells, DEC-205 and Clec9A, but not Clec12A, were effective targets, although only in the presence of adjuvants. For Ab production, however, Clec9A excelled as a target, even in the absence of adjuvant. Potent humoral immunity was a result of the highly specific expression of Clec9A on DCs, which allowed longer residence of targeting Abs in the bloodstream, prolonged DC Ag presentation, and extended CD4 T cell proliferation, all of which drove highly efficient development of follicular helper T cells. Because Clec9A shows a similar expression pattern on human DCs, it has particular promise as a target for vaccines of human application.
Dental Health Behaviors, Dentition, and Mortality in the Elderly: The Leisure World Cohort Study
Authors: Paganini-Hill Annlia , White Stuart C. , Atchison Kathryn A.
Published: June 2011

In the last decade the effect of oral health on the general health and mortality of elderly people has attracted attention. We explored the association of dental health behaviors and dentition on all-cause mortality in 5611 older adults followed from 1992 to 2009 (median=9years) and calculated risk estimates using Cox regression analysis in men and women separately. Toothbrushing at night before bed, using dental floss everyday, and visiting the dentist were significant risk factors for longevity. Never brushing at night increased risk 20–35% compared with brushing everyday. Never flossing increased risk 30% compared with flossing everyday. Not seeing a dentist within the last 12 months increased risk 30–50% compared with seeing a dentist two or more times. Mortality also increased with increasing number of missing teeth. Edentulous individuals (even with dentures) had a 30% higher risk of death compared with those with 20+ teeth. Oral health behaviors help maintain natural, healthy and functional teeth but also appear to promote survival in older adults.
Media, Health Workers, and Policy Makers' Relationship and Their Impact on Antimalarial Policy Adoption: A Population Genetics Perspective
Authors: Malisa Allen , Pearce Richard , Mutayoba Benezeth , Abdullah Salim , Mshinda Hassan , Kachur Patrick , Bloland Peter , Roper Cally
Published: June 2011

Drug resistance negatively impacts malaria treatments, making treatment policy revision unavoidable. So far, studies relating sociopolitical and technical issues on policy change with malaria parasite genetic change are lacking. We have quantified the effect of malaria treatment policy on drug pressure and the influence of the media, policy makers, and health worker relationship on parasite population genetic change in Kilombro/Ulanga district. Cross-sectional surveys of asymptomatic infections conducted before, during and after the switch from chloroquine to sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine were used for genetic analysis of SP resistance genes in 4,513 asymptomatic infections identified, and their frequency change was compared with retrospective study of the documented process of policy change. Highly significant changes of dhfr and dhps resistance alleles occurred within one year of switch to SP first line, followed by a decline of their rate of selection caused by reduction of SP usage, as a result of negative media reports on SP usage and lack of adequate preparations.
Role of motor skills and visual demand for age-related deficits in dual-task walking
Authors: Beurskens Rainer , Bock Otmar
Published: June 2011

Previous studies suggested that age-related deficits of walking are accentuated under dual-task conditions when the non-walking task is visually demanding. Here we evaluate whether a requirement for manual skills is critical as well. Young (22±2 years) and older (69±3 years) subjects walked along a straight path while performing a task that required manual skills but no visual processing, i.e., checking off boxes on a handheld panel without seeing the arm, or a task that required visual processing but no manual skill , i.e., a Stroop-like task with verbal responses. We found that the checking task affected the performance of young and elderly subjects to a similar degree, while the Stroop-like task affected seniors’ performance more than that of young subjects. This outcome confirms the role of visual demand for age-related deficits of dual-task walking (in the Stroop-like task), but doesn’t support a similar role for manual skills (in the checking task).
Image-guided Percutaneous Drainage in the Pediatric Population: A Primer for Radiologists
Authors: Arani Keerthi , Nandalur Kiran , Tucker Christina M , Bloom David A
Published: June 2011

Image-guided percutaneous drainage is an excellent minimally invasive method for dealing with infectious complications in the pediatric population. A thorough understanding of drainage procedures in children can often lead to improved patient outcomes. Indications for percutaneous drainage will be reviewed, including abscesses related to appendicitis, post-surgical abscess formation, and abscesses related to Crohn's disease. This pictorial essay will help the radiologist better understand the common etiologies of abscesses in children that may require percutaneous drainage, the special considerations for catheter placement, patient preparation, and anesthesia or sedation issues unique to the pediatric population.
Imaging Features of the Pleuropulmonary Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pearls and Pitfalls
Authors: Sidhu Harbir S , Bhatnagar Gauraang , Bhogal Pervinder , Riordan Richard
Published: June 2011

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disorder that affects the joints. RA is a systemic disease associated with relatively frequent and variable pleuropulmonary manifestations. This article reviews the common and potentially serious thoracic sequelae in terms of pleural disease, pulmonary nodules, airways disorders, and interstitial disease, as well as pulmonary side effects of antirheumatic medication. An imaging-guided approach to classification of RA-associated lung disease is outlined and the comparative values of different imaging modalities are discussed. An appreciation of current knowledge of epidemiology, pathological correlation, and prognostic implications of different RA-associated lung disease is provided. We highlight importance of considering pertinent differential diagnoses to avoid misdiagnosis, and outline common pitfalls in dealing with pleuropulmonary rheumatoid disease.
Telcagepant: A New Therapeutic Option for Acute Migraine?
Authors: MacGregor E. Anne
Published: June 2011

Telcagepant (MK0974) is one of several calcitonin-gene-related peptide antagonists in development as a potential treatment for acute migraine attacks and is the first orally available drug in this class. Preclinical and clinical data are reviewed, which support the efficacy and tolerability of telcagepant for the treatment of migraine, particularly for patients unable to tolerate, or who have cardiovascular contraindications to, triptans.
Ice nucleation from aqueous NaCl droplets with and without marine diatoms
Authors: Alpert P. A. , Aller J. Y. , Knopf D. A.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. Ice formation in the atmosphere by homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation is one of the least understood processes in cloud microphysics and climate. Here we describe our investigation of the marine environment as a potential source of atmospheric IN by experimentally observing homogeneous ice nucleation from aqueous NaCl droplets and comparing against heterogeneous ice nucleation from aqueous NaCl droplets containing intact and fragmented diatoms. Homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation are studied as a function of temperature and water activity, aw. Additional analyses are presented on the dependence of diatom surface area and aqueous volume on heterogeneous freezing temperatures, ice nucleation rates, ωhet, ice nucleation rate coefficients, Jhet, and differential and cumulative ice nuclei spectra, k(T) and K(T), respectively. Homogeneous freezing temperatures and corresponding nucleation rate coefficients are in agreement with the water activity based homogeneous ice nucleation theory within experimental and predictive uncertainties. Our results confirm, as predicted by classical nucleation theory, that a stochastic interpretation can be used to describe the homogeneous ice nucleation process. Heterogeneous ice nucleation initiated by intact and fragmented diatoms can be adequately represented by a modified water activity based ice nucleation theory. A horizontal shift in water activity, Δaw, het = 0.2303, of the ice melting curve can describe median heterogeneous freezing temperatures. Individual freezing temperatures showed no dependence on available diatom surface area and aqueous volume. Determined at median diatom freezing temperatures for aw from 0.8 to 0.99, ωhet~0.11+0.06−0.05 s−1, Jhet~1.0+1.16−0.61×104 cm−2 s−1, and K~6.2+3.5−4.1 ×104 cm−2. The experimentally derived ice nucleation rates and nuclei spectra allow us to estimate ice particle production which we subsequently use for a comparison with observed ice crystal concentrations typically found in cirrus and polar marine mixed-phase clouds. Differences in application of time-dependent and time-independent analyses to predict ice particle production are discussed.
Diurnally resolved particulate and VOC measurements at a rural site: indication of significant biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation
Authors: Sjostedt S. J. , Slowik J. G. , Brook J. R. , Chang R. Y.-W. , Mihele C. , Stroud C. A. , Vlasenko A. , Abbatt J. P. D.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. We report simultaneous measurements of volatile organic compound (VOC) mixing ratios including C6 to C8 aromatics, isoprene, monoterpenes, acetone and organic aerosol mass loadings at a rural location in southwestern Ontario, Canada by Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS), respectively. During the three-week-long Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study in June–July 2007, air was sampled from a range of sources, including aged air from the polluted US Midwest, direct outflow from Detroit 50 km away, and clean air with higher biogenic input. After normalization to the diurnal profile of CO, a long-lived tracer, diurnal analyses show clear photochemical loss of reactive aromatics and production of oxygenated VOCs and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) during the daytime. Biogenic VOC mixing ratios increase during the daytime in accord with their light- and temperature-dependent sources. Long-lived species, such as hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol and benzene show little to no photochemical reactivity on this timescale. From the normalized diurnal profiles of VOCs, an estimate of OH concentrations during the daytime, measured O3 concentrations, and laboratory SOA yields, we calculate integrated local organic aerosol production amounts associated with each measured SOA precursor. Under the assumption that biogenic precursors are uniformly distributed across the southwestern Ontario location, we conclude that such precursors contribute significantly to the total amount of SOA formation, even during the period of Detroit outflow. The importance of aromatic precursors is more difficult to assess given that their sources are likely to be localized and thus of variable impact at the sampling location.
Validity of satellite measurements used for the monitoring of UV radiation risk on health
Authors: Jégou F. , Godin-Beekman S. , Corrêa M. P. , Brogniez C. , Auriol F. , Peuch V. H. , Haeffelin M. , Pazmino A. , Saiag P. , Goutail F. , Mahé E.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. In order to test the validity of ultraviolet index (UVI) satellite products and UVI model simulations for general public information, intercomparison involving three satellite instruments (SCIAMACHY, OMI and GOME-2), the Chemistry and Transport Model, Modélisation de la Chimie Atmosphérique Grande Echelle (MOCAGE), and ground-based instruments was performed in 2008 and 2009. The intercomparison highlighted a systematic high bias of ~1 UVI in the OMI clear-sky products compared to the SCIAMACHY and TUV model clear-sky products. The OMI and GOME-2 all-sky products are close to the ground-based observations with a low 6 % positive bias, comparable to the results found during the satellite validation campaigns. This result shows that OMI and GOME-2 all-sky products are well appropriate to evaluate the UV-risk on health. The study has pointed out the difficulty to take into account either in the retrieval algorithms or in the models, the large spatial and temporal cloud modification effect on UV radiation. This factor is crucial to provide good quality UV information. OMI and GOME-2 show a realistic UV variability as a function of the cloud cover. Nevertheless these satellite products do not sufficiently take into account the radiation reflected by clouds. MOCAGE numerical forecasts show good results during periods with low cloud covers, but are actually not adequate for overcast conditions; this is why Météo-France currently uses human-expertised cloudiness (rather than direct outputs from Numerical Prediction Models) together with MOCAGE clear-sky UV indices for its operational forecasts. From now on, the UV monitoring could be done using free satellite products (OMI, GOME-2) and operational forecast for general public by using modelling, as long as cloud forecasts and the parametrisation of the impact of cloudiness on UV radiation are adequate.
High-resolution air quality monitoring from space: a fast retrieval scheme for CO from hyperspectral infrared measurements
Authors: Smith N. , Huang H.-L. , Weisz E. , Annegarn H. J. , Pierce R. B.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. The first results of the Fast Linear Inversion Trace gas System (FLITS) retrieval scheme are presented here for CO from IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) measurements using RAQMS (Real time Air Quality Modelling System) as atmospheric background. FLITS is a simple linear inversion scheme with a stable performance that retrieves total column CO concentrations (molec cm−2) at single field-of-view (FOV) irrespective of cloud cover. A case study is presented here for a biomass burning plume over the Pacific on 29 March 2010. For each FOV a single tropospheric CO density, vertically integrated over 200–800 hPa, is retrieved with 12 channels in the spectral range 2050–2225 cm−1. Despite variations in cloud cover and temperature, the degrees of freedom for signal (DFS) of the solution ranges between 0.8 and 0.95. In addition, the retrieval error is at least half the background error of 10 %, with dominant contribution from uncertainty in the measurement and temperature. With its stability and processing speed, FLITS meet two of the key requirements for operational processing. We conclude that the linear combination of space-borne measurements with a chemical transport model in the FLITS retrieval scheme holds potential for real-time air quality monitoring and evaluation of pollutant transport at high spatial resolution.
Role of volcanic forcing on future global carbon cycle
Authors: Tjiputra J. F. , Otterå O. H.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. Using a fully coupled global climate-carbon cycle model, we assess the potential role of volcanic eruptions on future projection of climate change and its associated carbon cycle feedback. The volcanic-like forcings are applied together with a business-as-usual IPCC-A2 carbon emissions scenario. We show that very large volcanic eruptions similar to Tambora lead to short-term substantial global cooling. However, over a long period, smaller eruptions similar to Pinatubo in amplitude, but set to occur frequently, would have a stronger impact on future climate change. In a scenario where the volcanic external forcings are prescribed with a five-year frequency, the induced cooling immediately lower the global temperature by more than one degree before it returns to the warming trend. Therefore, the climate change is approximately delayed by several decades, and by the end of the 21st century, the warming is still below two degrees when compared to the present day period. Our climate-carbon feedback analysis shows that future volcanic eruptions induce positive feedbacks (i.e., more carbon sink) on both the terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycle. The feedback signal on the ocean is consistently smaller than the terrestrial counterpart and the feedback strength is proportionally related to the frequency of the volcanic eruption events. The cooler climate reduces the terrestrial heterotrophic respiration in the northern high latitude and increases net primary production in the tropics, which contributes to more than 45 % increase in accumulated carbon uptake over land. The increased solubility of CO2 gas in seawater associated with cooler SST is offset by a reduced CO2 partial pressure gradient between the ocean and the atmosphere, which results in small changes in net ocean carbon uptake. Similarly, there is nearly no change in the seawater buffer capacity simulated between the different volcanic scenarios. Our study shows that even in the relatively extreme scenario where large volcanic eruptions occur every five-years period, the induced cooling leads to a reduction of 46 ppmv atmospheric CO2 concentration as compared to the reference projection of 878 ppmv, at the end of the 21st century.
Quantitative estimation of landslide risk from rapid debris slides on natural slopes in the Nilgiri hills, India
Authors: Jaiswal P. , van Westen C. J. , Jetten V.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. A quantitative procedure for estimating landslide risk to life and property is presented and applied in a mountainous area in the Nilgiri hills of southern India. Risk is estimated for elements at risk located in both initiation zones and run-out paths of potential landslides. Loss of life is expressed as individual risk and as societal risk using F-N curves, whereas the direct loss of properties is expressed in monetary terms. An inventory of 1084 landslides was prepared from historical records available for the period between 1987 and 2009. A substantially complete inventory was obtained for landslides on cut slopes (1042 landslides), while for natural slopes information on only 42 landslides was available. Most landslides were shallow translational debris slides and debris flowslides triggered by rainfall. On natural slopes most landslides occurred as first-time failures. For landslide hazard assessment the following information was derived: (1) landslides on natural slopes grouped into three landslide magnitude classes, based on landslide volumes, (2) the number of future landslides on natural slopes, obtained by establishing a relationship between the number of landslides on natural slopes and cut slopes for different return periods using a Gumbel distribution model, (3) landslide susceptible zones, obtained using a logistic regression model, and (4) distribution of landslides in the susceptible zones, obtained from the model fitting performance (success rate curve). The run-out distance of landslides was assessed empirically using landslide volumes, and the vulnerability of elements at risk was subjectively assessed based on limited historic incidents. Direct specific risk was estimated individually for tea/coffee and horticulture plantations, transport infrastructures, buildings, and people both in initiation and run-out areas. Risks were calculated by considering the minimum, average, and maximum landslide volumes in each magnitude class and the corresponding minimum, average, and maximum run-out distances and vulnerability values, thus obtaining a range of risk values per return period. The results indicate that the total annual minimum, average, and maximum losses are about US$ 44 000, US$ 136 000 and US$ 268 000, respectively. The maximum risk to population varies from 2.1 × 10−1 for one or more lives lost to 6.0 × 10−2 yr−1 for 100 or more lives lost. The obtained results will provide a basis for planning risk reduction strategies in the Nilgiri area.
The neutral temperature in the ionospheric dynamo region and the ionospheric F region density during Wenchuan and Pingtung Doublet earthquakes
Authors: Sun Y. Y. , Oyama K.-I. , Liu J. Y. , Jhuang H. K. , Cheng C. Z.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. One of the possible candidates which modifies the ionosphere before large earthquake is electric field. We presume that the electric field associated with large earthquakes is generated in the ionosphere dynamo region (100–120 km). This paper tries to identify the evidence of the contribution of the neutral atmosphere in the dynamo region. The relationship between the critical frequency at the F2 peak (foF2) and the height profile of the neutral atmosphere temperature was studied for two large earthquakes: Wenchuan, 2008 and Pingtung Doublet, 2006. It is found that the wave amplitude of the vertical wavelength 20–30 km which is usually superposed on the height profile of the neutral atmosphere temperature enhances when the foF2 increases. The correlation between the wave amplitude and foF2 is found better along a longitudinal direction than along latitude direction.
Maternal and Fetal Outcome of Obstetric Emergencies in a Tertiary Health Institution in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Mustafa Adelaja Lamina , Olufemi Taiwo Oladapo
Published: June 2011

Objective. This study was carried out to determine the pattern of obstetric emergencies and its influence on maternal and perinatal outcome of obstetric emergencies at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Nigeria. Method. A retrospective study of obstetric emergencies managed over a three-year period at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Nigeria was conducted. Results. There were 262 obstetric emergencies accounting for 18.5% of the 1420 total deliveries during the period. Unbooked patients formed the bulk of the cases (60.3%). The most common emergencies were prolonged/obstructed labour, postpartum haemorrhage, fetal distress, severe pregnancy-induced hypertension/eclampsia, and antepartum haemorrhage. Obstetric emergencies were responsible for 70.6% of the maternal mortality and 86% of the perinatal mortality within the period. Conclusion. Prevention/effective management of obstetric emergencies will help to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality in our environment. This can be achieved through the utilization of antenatal care services, making budget for pregnancies and childbirth at family level (pending the time every family participates in National Health Insurance Scheme), adequate funding of social welfare services to assist indigent patients, liberal blood donation, and regular training of doctors and nurses on this subject.
Registration of Health-Related Quality of Life in a Cohort of Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy
Authors: Pålsson Simon Henry , Rasmussen Ib , Lundström Patrik , Österberg Johanna , Sandblom Gabriel
Published: June 2011

Background. Assessment of gallstone surgery’s impact on quality of life (QoL) requires a reliable instrument with sufficient responsiveness. The instrument should also enable estimation of each individual’s expected condition in an unaffected state. Materials and Methods. The Swedish Register for Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks) registers indications, complications, results, and QoL-outcome of gallstone surgery. In 2008, 68 hospitals were registered in GallRiks. Between 2007 and 2008, SF-36 (a short form health survey) was filled in 1-2 weeks pre- and 6–9 months postoperatively at five of the units. Expected scores were determined from an age- and gender-matched Swedish population (AGMSP). Results. Of the 330 patients, 212 responded to SF36 pre- and postoperatively (RR = 64%; 212/330). Standardized response means ranged from 0.20 to 0.93 for the SF-36 subscores. Highest responsiveness was seen for bodily pain. Preoperatively, all subscores were significantly lower than in the AGMSP (all ). Six months postoperatively, there was no significant difference between any of the observed and expected quality of life subscales. Conclusion. SF-36 is a useful instrument for measuring the impact of gallstone surgery on QoL. The postinterventional health status equalled or even exceeded the AGMSP for all subscales.
O português de contato falado pelos índios Kamayurás
Authors: De Castro Maria Guadalupe , Spaziani Lidia , Spaziani Lidia , Hernandes Maria Celia Lima , Hernandes Maria Celia Lima
Published: June 2011

Com base em corpus de língua portuguesa falada pelos índios Kamayurás, discute-se a pertinência de duas teses lingüísticas - evolucionista e adstrativista - que explicariam os contatos. A partir dessa discussão evidenciam-se as interferências lingüísticas decorrentes de tais contatos.
Paulo Freire e a complexidade na educação
Authors: Keim Ernesto Jacob
Published: June 2011

Este artigo discute alguns princípios educacionais propostos por Paulo Freire na perspectiva dos referenciais teóricos do pensamento linear e do pensamento sistêmico, considerando a subjetividade e a diversidade de possibilidades que envolvem a dinâmica educativa para a autonomia e a liberdade. É um texto reflexivo que procura avançar com o pensamento freiriano no universo desafiador que é a realidade individualista e excludente de nossa sociedade, motivada pela publicidade dissimuladora e dominada pela ideologia de mercado. O texto propõe, ao final, uma reflexão sobre algumas citações clássicas de Paulo Freire para que o leitor analise criticamente sua práticadocente.
Inteligências múltiplas e inteligência emocional: conceitos e discussões
Authors: Alves Ubiratan Silva
Published: June 2011

Com base nas teorias apresentadas por Howard Gardner (Inteligências Múltiplas) e Daniel Goleman (Inteligência Emocional), relacionadas à inteligência humana, este artigo busca oferecer um aprofundamento teórico das principais discussões sobre essas teorias. Cada teoria é apresentada em dois tópicos: no primeiro, por meio de uma explanação conceitual, pode-se perceber como foram concebidas e elaboradas a partir de conceitos resgatados da Psicologia; no segundo, cada teoria será apresentada de acordo com a singularidade e especificidade, descritas de maneira peculiar, a partir da óptica de sua identificação.
Produção de conhecimento: implicações sobre o avanço tecnológico no Brasil
Authors: Néspoli Rosana Soares
Published: June 2011

Este artigo apresenta uma crítica ao cenário mundial globalizado, especificamente sobre os efeitos causados no modo de vida da sociedade, conjugando aspectos diversos em torno de política, economia e, principalmente, na configuração das novas relações sociais, hoje articuladas pelas redes de informação e comunicação. Reflete sobre a inovação tecnológica no Brasil, no que se refere à formação de pessoas para lidar com as demandas de um mundo globalizado, sobretudo as implicações em torno das desigualdades sociais.
Preparação profissional em educação física: chegamos na idade adulta
Authors: Gimenez Roberto
Published: June 2011

O presente trabalho discute os conflitos que têm marcado as abordagens norteadoras da formação e a atuação dos profissionais de Educação Física. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar, optou-se por discutir a estrutura dos cursos de graduação até o presente momento, enfocando suas diferentes tendências; em seguida, tratou-se dos desafios que devem ser superados nos próximos anos, em busca da legitimação da profissão.
A matemática como prioridade numa sociedade moderna
Authors: D'Ambrosio Ubiratan
Published: June 2011

A matemática é o instrumento fundamental para explicar, entender, lidar com fatos e fenômenos do mundo. Sua importância justifica que se faça a análise de sua presença como disciplina central nas grades curriculares de todas as séries do ensino fundamental e médio, não só no Brasil, mas em todo o mundo. Essa análise parte de uma teoria de conhecimento, de uma reflexão sobre o conhecimento matemático e de sua contextualização. Matemática, como toda forma de conhecimento, é resultado de um ambiente natural e cultural, isto é, mítico, religioso, social, econômico, político. Sendo a educação a estratégia desenvolvida pelas sociedades para possibilitar a cada indivíduo atingir seu potencial criativo e estimular e facilitar a ação comum com vistas a viver em sociedade, o grande desafio é como formar matemáticos necessários ao progresso e, ao mesmo tempo, educar toda a população para a vida criativa, produtiva e integrada a um ideal de sociedade, sem arrogância, sem intolerância e sem iniqüidade.
Público e privado n’O cortiço, de Aluísio Azevedo
Authors: Alves Geraldo José
Published: June 2011

Este trabalho toma como testemunho histórico o romance O cortiço, de Aluísio Azevedo (1857-1913), investigando a relação específica estabelecida entre história e literatura no contexto do surgimento do regime republicano no Brasil. Algumas questões conceituais foram levadas em consideração na análise, tais como a idéia e a prática da cidadania, a articulação das esferas pública e privada e as relações entre condição social e a cultura política existentes nessas condições históricas.
Currículo e sociedade
Authors: Guimarães Ana Paula
Published: June 2011

Este artigo apresenta a questão interdisciplinar partindo da perspectiva do planejamento curricular como instrumento e meio de realização de um ideal de sociedade e de democracia. Para tanto, perpassa pelas modalidades interdisciplinares, pela importância dos conteúdos culturais para o currículo, pela influência da modernidade na questão curricular e aponta alguns caminhos para o ensino brasileiro, por meio da educação e da escola. Nesse percurso, expõe e utiliza as idéias de autores como Santomé, Japiassu, Veiga-Neto e Moreira sobre o tema.
Projetos interdisciplinares e os currículos de Matemática: uma via para a reinvenção do cotidiano escolar
Authors: Buzato Marcio
Published: June 2011

O sistema educacional vigente vem mantendo, há décadas, o mesmo currículo matemático e os mesmos conteúdos nas séries iniciais, não levando em consideração as diferenças socioculturais dos alunos, tampouco sua vivência fora da escola, conservando, ainda, ranços acumulados em todos esses anos. Por isso, é necessário que os educadores dêem atenção a novas práticas pedagógicas que poderão ajudá-los em suas vivências educacionais. Os projetos interdisciplinares podem ser uma boa alternativa, pois apontam para além do enaltecimento do aluno que “consegue boas notas”, permitindo a todos que se desenvolvam (intelectual e psicologicamente) e vislumbrem saídas possíveis para superar um sistema de ensino esgotado.
Porque o samba é fi lho da dor (a comemoração dos 500 anos do “descobrimento” do Brasil e a opinião da imprensa portuguesa)
Authors: Neves José Manuel Viegas
Published: June 2011

A partir da análise de artigos de opinião publicados na imprensa portuguesa por ocasião da comemoração dos 500 anos do “descobrimento” do Brasil, procura-se situar as relações complexas entre história, poder e identidade, esboçando-se, assim, alguns traços dominantes do nacionalismo português. Em concreto, procura-se perceber o lugar do passado imperial do país nas narrativas históricas e na imaginação sociológica de intelectuais. Igualmente central é a análise dos eixos norteadores da modernidade política que dominaram a abordagem das relações de poder no contexto colonial e hoje permeiam essas relações em contexto pós-colonial, no que se refere à relação de colonização e de contestação à comemoração dos 500 anos do “descobrimento” protagonizada por diferentes movimentos sociais no Brasil.
Reflexões práticas sobre a formação de professores de língua portuguesa: a construção do memorial
Authors: Landeira José Luís Marques López
Published: June 2011

Propomos, neste artigo, refletir sobre o papel da universidade na prática de ensino de professores, particularmente no que se refere ao campo da linguagem. Para esse fim, tomamos como base determinadas confluências do processo ensino-aprendizagem, com a memória e a identidade do aluno que se habilita ao magistério. Acreditamos que a construção da identidade do professor seja um processo que, necessariamente, transita pela formação acadêmica; daí a importância das disciplinas agrupadas sob a rubrica Prática de Ensino. A nossa proposta parte da memória do aluno, a qual, por meio da intervenção do professor, torna-se ponte para a construção de uma identidade docente que relaciona os conteúdos aprendidos, específicos da área, à prática da didática. Nesse sentido, parece-nos importante considerar a realidade desse aluno, futuro professor, e os objetivos de formação a que aspira.
Currículo escolar e construção cultural: uma análise prática
Authors: Lima Marceline De , Lemos Mária De Fátima , Anaya Viviani
Published: June 2011

Neste artigo, refletimos sobre a construção do currículo a partir do recorte cultural. Partindo do princípio de que tudo o que se seleciona para ensinar deve fazer sentido ao universo do aluno, estabelecemos aqui as relações entre as escolhas curriculares e o desenvolvimento das competências e do conhecimento necessários ao aluno, visando a uma formação sociocultural plena.
Uma leitura de O vampiro de Curitiba, de Dalton Trevisan, à luz do pós-moderno
Authors: Morelli Edner
Published: June 2011

Neste artigo, tem-se por objetivo expor, brevemente, o panorama histórico-social-artístico que envolveu o pós-modernismo. Para isso, o autor apresenta uma leitura de o O vampiro de Curitiba, conto de Dalton Trevisan, que prioriza algumas características do pós-modernismo: a obsessão do protagonista pelo prazer de contemplar o objeto-mulher como marca de consumo e a fragmentação da linguagem, desafiando as estruturas clássicas do gênero e a atmosfera paródica que circunda o texto em questão.
Quatro histórias e uma epifania: estudos indisciplinares acerca do budô japonês
Authors: Cardias Fabio
Published: June 2011

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender o conceito de budô japonês. Quatro modalidades foram enfatizadas para ilustrar a complexidade do tema: o sumô, o kendô, o judô e o aikidô. Após apresentar o conceito geral de budô e o das quatro modalidades, discutir-se-á o trânsito cultural dessa inexplorada área de conhecimento.
Discutindo o ensino de geometria: uma proposta para o ensino dos poliedros regulares
Authors: Lauro Maira Mendias
Published: June 2011

Nas aulas de geometria, de modo geral, não há articulação entre os processos que dizem respeito à percepção com os teóricos que se referem à concepção. Neste trabalho, consideramos que, em todos os níveis do ensino, é fundamental a articulação entre a percepção e a concepção e, em conjunto com elas, entre duas outras dimensões essenciais da dinâmica do processo de construção do conhecimento geométrico – a construção e a representação. A primeira refere-se à elaboração de materiais, em sentido físico, e a segunda, à reprodução por meio de desenhos, de objetos percebidos ou construídos. Partindo desse referencial teórico, propomos um conjunto de atividades com o tema “poliedros regulares”, para serem aplicadas em sala de aula. Essas atividades foram elaboradas de acordo com os atuais PCNs, que estabelecem a articulação entre a percepção, a construção, a representação e a concepção.
A dimensão formadora do componente curricular Estágio Supervisionado, nos cursos de formação de professores
Authors: Da Silva Arlete Vieira
Published: June 2011

Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre como atualmente se tem constituído a disciplina Estágio Supervisionado nos cursos de licenciatura e os encaminhamentos construídos de leituras (PICONEZ, 1998), de contatos etnográficos com a realidade da escola pública de educação básica e ainda de reflexões feitas com colegas do Fórum de Metodologia e Prática de Ensino dos cursos de licenciatura da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC). Para situar a disciplina Estágio Supervisionado foi preciso inicialmente constatar qual o papel da universidade como um dos centros de formação de educadores em nível superior e, logo refletir sobre os cursos de licenciatura e, como neles vêm se construindo a superação da dicotomia entre a teoria e a prática na formação de educadores.
Gêneros Textuais e Ensino
Authors: Edson de Oliveira Manoel
Published: June 2011

Este artigo objetiva propor um ensino de língua portuguesa que priorize o uso e o funcionamento da língua em determinado contexto sócio-histórico, em oposição ao ensino tradicional, que se baseia apenas em normas e conceitos. Nessa perspectiva, os estudos sobre os gêneros textuais se mostram fundamentais para um ensino que pretenda desenvolver nos estudantes a aquisição da competência comunicativa nas mais diversas esferas sociais de uso da língua.
Sequência didática para identificação, diferenciação e caracterização de monocotiledôneas e dicotiledôneas em aulas de botânica na educação superior
Authors: Karwoski Acir Mário , Da Silva Seabra Aletéia Marieta
Published: June 2011

Esse artigo é uma revisão bibliográfica de sequências didáticas para identificação, diferenciação e caracterização de monocotiledôneas e dicotiledôneas em aulas de Botânica. Utiliza-se como proposta os conhecimentos que o aluno já possui como degrau para o desenvolvimento cognitivo dos conhecimentos necessários para identificar, caracterizar e diferenciar monocotiledônea de dicotiledôneas. A sequência didática facilita o processo de construção do conhecimento, por meio da contextualização, permitindo que docentes e discentes realizem atividades de reflexão e autoavaliação sobre o conteúdo e as práticas-educativas.
Improving Conductivity Image Quality Using Block Matrix-based Multiple Regularization (BMMR) Technique in EIT: A Simulation Study
Authors: Bera Tushar Kanti , Biswas Samir Kumar , Rajan K. , Nagaraju J.
Published: June 2011

A Block Matrix based Multiple Regularization (BMMR) technique is proposed for improving conductivity image quality in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). The response matrix (JTJ) has been partitioned into several sub-block matrices and the largest element of each sub-block matrix has been chosen as regularization parameter for the nodes contained by that sub-block. Simulated boundary data are generated for circular domains with circular inhomogeneities of different geometry and the conductivity images are reconstructed in a Model Based Iterative Image Reconstruction (MoBIIR) algorithm. Conductivity images are reconstructed with BMMR technique and the results are compared with the Single-step Tikhonov Regularization (STR) and modified Levenberg-Marquardt Regularization (LMR) methods. Results show that the BMMR technique improves the impedance image and its spatial resolution for single and multiple inhomogeneity phantoms of different geometries. It is observed that the BMMR technique reduces the projection error as well as the solution error and improves the conductivity reconstruction in EIT. Results also show that the BMMR method improves the image contrast and inhomogeneity conductivity profile by reducing background noise for all the phantom configurations.
A Defining Aspect of Human Resilience in the Workplace: A Structural Modeling Approach
Authors: Everly George S. , Davy Jeanettte A. , Smith Kenneth J. , Lating Jeffrey M. , Nucifora Frederick C.
Published: June 2011

Objectives: It has been estimated that up to 90% of the US population is exposed to at least 1 traumatic event during their lifetime. Although there is growing evidence that most people are resilient, meaning that they have the ability to adapt to or rebound from adversity, between 5% and 10% of individuals exposed to traumatic events meet criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. Therefore, identifying the elements of resilience could lead to interventions or training programs designed to enhance resilience. In this article, we test the hypothesis that the effects of stressor conditions on outcomes such as job-related variables may be mediated through the cognitive and affective registrations of those events, conceptualized as subjective stress arousal.

Methods: The subjects were 491 individuals employed in public accounting, who were sampled from a mailing list provided by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. The stressors used in this study were role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload and the outcome measures were performance, turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and burnout. Stress arousal was measured using a previously developed stress arousal scale. We conducted a series of 2 EQS structural modeling analyses to assess the impact of stress arousal. The first model examined only the direct effects from the role stressors to the outcome constructs. The second model inserted stress arousal as a mediator in the relations between the role stressors and the outcomes.

Results: The results of our investigation supported the notion that subjective stress arousal provides greater explanatory clarity by mediating the effects of stressors upon job-related outcome. Including stress arousal in the model provided a much more comprehensive understanding of the relation between stressor and outcomes, and the contribution of role ambiguity and role conflict were better explained.

Conclusions: By understanding these relations, anticipatory guidance and crisis intervention programs can be designed and implemented to enhance human resilience. These data could serve to improve training programs for these “at risk” professional groups or even the population as a whole.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:98–105)
Working With Interpreters During International Health Responses
Authors: Zoraster Richard M.
Published: June 2011

Health care providers face multiple difficulties in providing care to a disaster-stricken community. Training, preparation, and a good attitude are important, as is adequate logistical support. An often-ignored issue is the difficulty encountered with language barriers during a response, and how using interpreters affects the quality and impact of the health care provided. This article reviews the use of interpreters and focuses on how they may affect an international health care response.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:159–163)
Rapid Titration of Viruses by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Drayman Nir , Oppenheim Ariella
Published: June 2011

Traditionally, the most common methods used to titrate virus stocks are the plaque assay and the hemagglutination assay. The protocol presented here is based on the detection of viral‐expressed proteins in infected cells by flow cytometry. It is simpler and more rapid than the traditional plaque‐forming assay and it enables high‐throughput analyses. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 51:26.11.1‐26.11.7. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Enzymatic Assay for Detection of Viral Entry
Authors: Tscherne Donna M. , García‐Sastre Adolfo
Published: June 2011

This unit describes a viral entry assay where a beta‐lactamase reporter protein fused to the matrix protein of either influenza (BlaM1) or ebola virus (BlaVP40) is packaged as a structural component into virus‐like particles (VLPs). The Bla reporter is released upon fusion with target cells and can be detected in live cells by flow cytometry, microscopy, or a fluorometric plate reader for utility in high‐throughput screening approaches. The transfer of Bla to a target cell by BlaM1 or BlaVP40 VLPs requires the presence of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) or EboV glycoprotein (GP), respectively. This straightforward assay has broad application for studying the entry steps of enveloped viruses, especially those that require high levels of biosafety containment. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 51:26.12.1‐26.12.10. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Site‐Specific Placement of Au Nanoparticles on Chemical Nanopatterns Prepared by Molecular Transfer Printing Using Block‐Copolymer Films
Authors: Onses M. Serdar , Thode Christopher J. , Liu Chi‐Chun , Ji Shengxiang , Cook Peter L. , Himpsel Franz J. , Nealey Paul F.
Published: June 2011

Inexpensive, large area patterning of ex‐situ synthesized metallic nanoparticles (NPs) at the nanoscale may enable many technologies including plasmonics, nanowire growth, and catalysis. Here, site‐specific localization of Au NPs onto nanoscale chemical patterns of polymer brushes is investigated. In this approach, patterns of hydroxyl‐terminated poly(styrene) brushes are transferred from poly(styrene‐block‐methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) block copolymer films onto a replica substrate via molecular transfer printing, and the remaining areas are filled with hydroxyl‐terminated poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) (P2VP‐OH) brushes. Citrate‐stabilized Au NPs (13 nm) selectively bind to P2VP‐OH functionalized regions and the quality of the resulting assemblies depends on high chemical contrast in the patterned brushes. Minimization of the interpenetration of P2VP‐OH chains into PS brushes during processing is the key for achieving high chemical contrast. Large area hexagonal arrays of single Au NPs with a placement accuracy of 3.4 nm were obtained on patterns (∼20 nm spots, ∼40 nm pitch) derived from self‐assembled cylinder‐forming PS‐b‐PMMA films. Linear arrays of Au NPs were generated on patterns (40 nm lines, 80nm pitch) derived from lamellae‐forming PS‐b‐PMMA that had been directed to assemble on lithographically defined masters.