bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Gaming to Decrease Loneliness in Older Adults: Recruitment Challenges and Attrition Analysis in a Digital Mixed Methods Feasibility Study
Authors: Châtel Bas D L , Janssen Jeroen H M , Peeters Geeske M E E , Corten Rense , Tieben Rob , Deen Menno , Hendriks Elmy J M , Olde Rikkert Marcel G M
Published: October 2024

Background

Digital mental health interventions could sustainably and scalably prevent and reduce loneliness in older adults. We designed an app containing 29 text-based games and a questionnaire-administering chatbot to stimulate intergenerational contact.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a social gaming app in reducing loneliness among older adults by evaluating recruitment strategies, data collection procedures, and gameplay activity.

Methods

This mixed methods study recruited participants via newsletters, articles, and a social media campaign. We used semistructured interviews and descriptive analysis of questionnaire answers and game data to assess feasibility. Key measures included recruitment reach and efficiency, participant demographics, in-app activity, and app usability and engagement feedback.

Results

The social media campaign reached 192,641 potential participants, resulting in 1363 game downloads. A total of 155 participants (aged 65 years and older: n=34, 21.9% and aged less than 65 years: n=121, 78.1%) provided informed consent, yielding a conversion rate of 0.08%. The recruitment campaign focusing on distanced playful interaction had a significantly (P<.001) higher click-through rate (1.98%) than a campaign focusing on research participation (click-through rate=0.51%; P<.001). The overall conversion rate from advertisement exposure to research participation was 0.08%. Participants had a mean age of 48 (SD 16) years. The 65 years and older group averaged 70 (SD 5) years, while the less 65 years group averaged 42 (SD 12) years. Additionally, 45.2% (57/126) reported at least moderate levels of loneliness at baseline. Of the initial 554 players, 91 (16.4%) remained active after the first week, and 32 (5.8%) remained active for more than 90 days. Active participants tended to interact with those within their own age group, as indicated by a Pearson correlation of r=0.31 between the ages of the message sender and receiver. Interviews with 12 (48%) participants (aged 65-79 years; female: n=12, 83%) revealed barriers such as excessive chatbot questions and a mismatch between the target group and app design focus. Questionnaire completion rates dropped from 46% at baseline to 10% at follow-up.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the challenges of recruitment and retention for older adults in a fully digital social gaming intervention. Effective recruitment strategies and targeted app design are crucial for engagement. Based on these insights, future interventions should focus on simplified interfaces, clear guidance for gameplay, and addressing the specific needs and preferences of older adults, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of digital mental health interventions.
Perceptions of Illness Control, Coherence, and Self-Efficacy Following a Web-Based Lifestyle Program for Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Analysis of Semistructured Interviews
Authors: Davenport Rebekah , Bevens William , Neate Sandra , Jelinek Pia , Yu Maggie , Jelinek George , Reece Jeanette
Published: October 2024

Background

Evidence suggests that illness perceptions held by people living with multiple sclerosis (MS) impact affective distress and physical health outcomes. In a randomized controlled trial, we developed 2 MS Online Courses—the standard care course and the intervention course (IC). The IC was adapted from an evidence-based lifestyle program. Modifying lifestyle risk factors offers an opportunity to impact illness perceptions. Research on illness perceptions in people living with MS has focused predominately on quantitative methods.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the experiences and health outcomes of randomized controlled trial participants, including individuals’ perceived changes in attitudes toward MS and their health (ie, illness perceptions).

Methods

Qualitative responses provided by 38 participants (22 in the IC and 16 in the standard care course) were derived from semistructured interviews 1 month after completing the MS Online Course. The impact of course engagement and lifestyle modification on illness perceptions was explored using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Themes of changes in illness perceptions were most prominent in the IC arm. Qualitative responses from 22 people living with MS informed the development of three themes: “self-efficacy for disease management,” “personal control,” and “illness coherence.”

Conclusions

Findings provide novel insights into the formation and modification of illness perceptions. Lifestyle modification may serve as a valuable adjunct to clinician-administered therapies, improving the sense of personal control over MS, illness coherence, and self-efficacy for disease management.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621001605886; https://tinyurl.com/2vyve9p9

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1186/s12883-023-03298-0
Exploring the Intersection of Schizophrenia, Machine Learning, and Genomics: Scoping Review
Authors: Hudon Alexandre , Beaudoin Mélissa , Phraxayavong Kingsada , Potvin Stéphane , Dumais Alexandre
Published: October 2024

Background

An increasing body of literature highlights the integration of machine learning with genomic data in psychiatry, particularly for complex mental health disorders such as schizophrenia. These advanced techniques offer promising potential for uncovering various facets of these disorders. A comprehensive review of the current applications of machine learning in conjunction with genomic data within this context can significantly enhance our understanding of the current state of research and its future directions.

Objective

This study aims to conduct a systematic scoping review of the use of machine learning algorithms with genomic data in the field of schizophrenia.

Methods

To conduct a systematic scoping review, a search was performed in the electronic databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycNet (PsycINFO), and Google Scholar from 2013 to 2024. Studies at the intersection of schizophrenia, genomic data, and machine learning were evaluated.

Results

The literature search identified 2437 eligible articles after removing duplicates. Following abstract screening, 143 full-text articles were assessed, and 121 were subsequently excluded. Therefore, 21 studies were thoroughly assessed. Various machine learning algorithms were used in the identified studies, with support vector machines being the most common. The studies notably used genomic data to predict schizophrenia, identify schizophrenia features, discover drugs, classify schizophrenia amongst other mental health disorders, and predict the quality of life of patients.

Conclusions

Several high-quality studies were identified. Yet, the application of machine learning with genomic data in the context of schizophrenia remains limited. Future research is essential to further evaluate the portability of these models and to explore their potential clinical applications.
The Implementation Outcomes and Population Impact of a Statewide IT Deployment for Family Caregivers: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Tonkikh Orly , Young Heather M , Bell Janice F , Famula Jessica , Whitney Robin , Mongoven Jennifer , Kelly Kathleen
Published: October 2024

Background

In 2022, the US Department of Health and Human Services released the first National Strategy to Support Family Caregivers, identifying actions for both government and the private sector. One of the major goals is to expand data, research, and evidence-based practices to support family caregivers. While IT tools are widely deployed in health care settings, they are rarely available at scale in community agencies. In 2019, the state of California recognized the importance of a statewide database and a platform to serve caregivers remotely by enhancing existing service supports and investing in a web-based platform, CareNav. Implementation commenced in early 2020 across all 11 California Caregiver Resource Centers.

Objective

This paper describes the implementation strategies and outcomes of the statewide implementation of CareNav, a web-based platform to support family caregivers.

Methods

The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), including a recent addendum, guided this mixed methods evaluation. Two major approaches were used to evaluate the implementation process: in-depth qualitative interviews with key informants (n=82) and surveys of staff members (n=112) and caregivers (n=2229). We analyzed the interview transcripts using qualitative descriptive methods; subsequently, we identified subthemes and relationships among the ideas, mapping the findings to the CFIR addendum. For the surveys, we used descriptive statistics.

Results

We present our findings about implementation strategies, implementation outcomes (ie, adoption, fidelity, and sustainment), and the impact on population health (organizational effectiveness and equity, as well as caregiver satisfaction, health, and well-being). The platform was fully adopted within 18 months, and the system is advancing toward sustainment through statewide collaboration. The deployment has augmented organizational effectiveness and quality, enhanced equity, and improved caregiver health and well-being.

Conclusions

This study provides a use case for technological implementation across a multisite system with diverse community-based agencies. Future research can expand the understanding of the barriers and facilitators to achieving relevant outcomes and population impact.
Our Exploration of Countermeasures against the Abuse of Unilateral Sanctions by the United States
Authors: Jiahui Zhao
Published: October 2024

Currently, the international landscape is undergoing changes, with unilateralism on the rise. Of which, economic sanctions are the most common form. Due to the lack of effective specialized international rules in the current international rule system, unilateral sanctions are increasingly frequently used by individual countries. The abuse of unilateral sanctions has impacted the normal operation of international mechanisms. Unilateral sanctions were originally used in a country’s domestic law, but now some countries, such as the United States, expand their own laws’ extraterritorial application through the continuous expansion of connection points, thereby giving their sanctions against foreign entities a cloak of legitimacy, which goes against the principles of international law and the basic norms of international relations (Bai, 2018). From a legal perspective, the implementation of illegal unilateral sanctions is achieved through the improper interpretation and application of international treaty exception clauses. From international custom, unilateral sanctions beyond countermeasures refer to those imposed by states other than the injured state, who deliberately legalize countermeasures related to sanctions, which greatly contributes to the abuse of unilateral sanctions. In this context, China should accelerate the construction of its anti-sanctions legal system to effectively counter the threats and damages caused by unilateral sanctions and firmly safeguard its sovereignty, security, and development interests.
De la crisis institucional a la nueva institucionalidad: Chile y el cambio constitucional tras el 11 de septiembre de 1973
Authors: San Francisco Reyes Alfredo
Published: October 2024

Se analizará lo relativo a los cambios institucionales y constitucionales en Chile, destacando a las rupturas violentas como un patrón en la historia política del país, cuestión que se manifestó, fundamentalmente, con ocasión de la crisis política que culminó el 11 de septiembre de 1973 con el golpe de Estado y el fin del proyecto de la Unidad Popular. Se planteará cómo la crisis política e institucional que se había gestado durante la década de 1960 se profundizó bajo el gobierno de Salvador Allende, llevando a un colapso del sistema político vigente y, con posterioridad, al establecimiento de una nueva institucionalidad.
Reviewing the Impact of Engineering Measures on Soil Erosion in Jammu and Kashmir Anantnag Watershed
Authors: Pandit Dr. Bashir Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Planners now find that stopping soil loss in India's watersheds must be their top priority. Currently, a wide range of mathematical models are used worldwide to predict soil erosion. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), which is frequently used to predict average soil loss, is one such model. Recently, there has been an increased emphasis on applying USLE/RUSLE in conjunction with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, enabling grid-based analysis for predicting soil erosion and aiding management methods. This study assesses the efficacy of flood control and erosion management programs launched in 1914. Four different maps representing the possible erosion threats were created for four different time periods, and a comparison study was carried out to assess the changes that occurred. The implementation of various strategies such as terracing, afforestation, and rehabilitation in the watershed led to a noteworthy prediction of decreased soil loss in the watershed. In the temperate region of Jammu and Kashmir and sparsely vegetated areas, the rate of anticipated soil loss decreased from 632 to 378 metric tons per hectare per year between 1990 and 2020, indicating the efficacy of soil conservation measures in mitigating potential soil loss.
Representações sociais de adolescentes escolares sobre paternidade e maternidade responsável
Authors: Silva Noemi Benevides Reis da , Oliveira Jardelson Rocha , Moreira Michelle Araújo , Bitencourt Aretusa de Oliveira Martins
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Conhecer as representações sociais de adolescentes escolares sobre paternidade e maternidade responsável. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e exploratório, realizado com 23 adolescentes escolares entre 14 e 19 anos, de um Instituto Federal de Educação, no Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, aplicado entre setembro e dezembro de 2022. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de conteúdo temática proposta por Bardin. Resultados: As representações sociais sobre a maternidade/paternidade responsável na adolescência revelaram reações e sentimentos negativos, como angústia, medo, insegurança e despreparo, pois este fenômeno acarreta adaptação e abdicação. Portanto, estudo possibilita a parceria entre profissionais de saúde, escola e familiares no apoio a adolescentes na prevenção da gestação, enfrentar desafios e optar por uma paternidade/maternidade consciente e segura. Conclusões: É crucial uma colaboração entre profissionais de saúde e escola para oferecer espaços de acolhimento, valorização e escuta nesta fase, além de uma assistência que promova o pleno desenvolvimento da(o)s adolescentes escolares.
Do good governance practices, moderated by gender parity, strengthen environmental, social, and governance performance for European companies?
Authors: Grau Grau Alfredo Juan , Branco Manuel Castelo , Bel Oms Inmaculada
Published: October 2024

This study examines how country-level gender parity interacts with board characteristics to affect environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in sustainable European firms. Higher gender parity nations amplify the positive effects of women on boards, non-executive directors, and stakeholder engagement on ESG while reducing the negative impacts of busy directors. Surprisingly, the combined effect of board gender diversity and national gender parity on ESG is negative, contrary to expectations. These findings enrich research on board characteristics and ESG performance, emphasizing the overlooked role of gender parity.
Investigating the applicability of the expected credit loss model to Islamic Sukuk: Law aspects
Authors: Morshed Amer , Othman Mohammed Daoud , Al-Amarneh Asma’a
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the application of the expected credit loss (ECL) model under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 9 to Islamic Sukuk, which indicates that accountants do not regard any gap between Islamic financial instruments and IFRS. Since Sukuk have special features according to Islamic finance, such as the non-usage of interest (riba) and risk-sharing, this paper reviews the issues and possible modifications that may be required for their compliance with both Sharia and international accounting standards. Applying a mixed-methods approach, 30 experts in Islamic finance and accounting were interviewed for qualitative perceptions, while the data were supplemented by a survey of 182 stakeholders in the Islamic finance sector. The results tend to indicate that the ECL model is consistent with Sharia rules and substantially improves risk management under Islamic finance without adversely affecting Sharia compliance, especially in the case of Sukuk (Paltrinieri et al., 2023; Uluyol, 2021). However, the operational challenges of the non-interest-based nature and diverse structures of Sukuk obviously require customized approaches when applying the ECL model. This research is hence relevant and contributes valuable practical considerations to the literature for policymakers and practitioners in Islamic finance and accounting toward aligning Islamic financial products with international standards (Adelopo et al., 2023).
La planeación financiera como herramienta universal relacionada con el desempeño financiero
Authors: Dolores-Ruiz Erika , Salazar-Gómez Julio Fernando , Valdivia-Rivera María de Jesús , Hernández-Cárdenas Manuel
Published: October 2024

Problemática. La dinámica en la que se desenvuelven las empresas familiares conduce a efectuar una administración empírica. Por ello, la aplicación de herramientas financieras que contribuyan a mejorar su desempeño financiero representa un reto. Con base en lo anterior, es necesario lograr la relación entre la planeación financiera en el desempeño financiero con la finalidad de mantener la sostenibilidad de estas unidades de negocio. Objetivos. Explicar la relación que existe entre planeación financiera en el desempeño financiero en las Pymes de Tierra Blanca, Veracruz. Materiales y métodos. Metodológicamente este estudio es aplicado, de tipo descriptivo-corelacional, transversal. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos (cuestionarios), la muestra fue estadística aleatoria simple. Resultados. Los resultados demuestranque existe una correlación positiva entre la planeación financiera y el desempeño financiero. Se demuestra que las empresas que tienen una estabilidad en el mercado (mayor a siete años de permanencia) se ven favorecidas en la disminución de riesgos a consecuencia del uso adecuado de la planeación, favoreciendo su desempeño financiero. Conclusiones. La aplicación de una correcta planeación financiera está relacionada significativamente con el desempeño financiero, impactando positivamente. Contribución y originalidad. En la literatura existen trabajos donde se estudian las variables en empresas categorizadas como grandes. Existen acercamientos en estudios llevados a cabo en pymes, pero no profundizan ni establecen relaciones entre variables. Por lo tanto, existen vacíos que permiten la pertinencia yoriginalidad de este estudio.
Comparative assessment of structural, magnetic and impedance properties of xLaMnO3-(1-x)BiFeO3 solid solutions
Authors: Lather Aryan , Kaur Shubhpreet , Paswan Manikant
Published: October 2024

BiFeO3 (BFO) is extensively researched due to its lead-free composition, high
ordering temperature, remarkable polarization and useful electric and
magnetic switching mechanism for data storage devices. On the other hand,
the superexchange ordered system of LaMnO3 (LMO) is well-suited for fuel
cells. This study examines the structural, magnetic and impedance properties
of xLaMnO3-(1-x)BiFeO3 solid solutions (x = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20) prepared
using the solid state reaction method and sintering. X-ray diffraction
technique confirmed single phase material with the hexagonal structure and
R3c symmetry. The vibrating sample magnetometer showed the change from
antiferromagnetic behaviour of BFO to weak ferromagnetic behaviour of
BFO/LMO ceramics and maximum remnantmagnetization of 0.206 emu/g for x =
0.10. The superexchange interactions are responsible for this magnetic
behaviour. Impedance analysis was used to investigate the dielectric
relaxation and the negative temperature coefficient of resistance.
Phase relations in the Nd2O3-Fe2O3 system: Structure and magnetic properties of perovskite NdFeO3 ceramics
Authors: Chudinovych Olga , Vedel Dmytro , Stasyuk Oleksandr , Samelyuk Anatoly , Aguirre Myriam
Published: October 2024

The phase relations in the Nd2O3-Fe2O3 system at 1300 and 1400 ?C were
studied in the whole concentration range by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The isothermal cross-sections of the
Nd2O3-Fe2O3 phase diagram at 1300 and 1400 ?C are characterized by the
presence of three singlephase (A-Nd2O3, NdFeO3, Fe2O3) and two two-phase
(A-Nd2O3 + NdFeO3, NdFeO3 + Fe2O3) regions. The composition corresponding to
the perovskite phase is 51mol% Nd2O3 - 49mol% Fe2O3. In the next step, the
investigation was focused on this composition. Nanocrystalline NdFeO3
powders with perovskite structure were obtained by the Pechini method and
heterogeneous precipitation from nitrate solutions. The influence of the
production method on the microstructure, morphology and magnetic properties
of the NdFeO3 nanopowders was studied. According to XRD, SEM and TEM, the
synthesized perovskite NdFeO3 is single-phase with a particle size of 60-90
nm. The morphology of powder particles primarily depends on the synthesis
method. The powder showed ferromagnetic behaviour and had saturation
magnetization 0.8 and 0.81 emu/g.
Effect of MnO2 addition on structure, electrical and optical properties of Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 ceramics
Authors: Kar Kumar , Chandrasekhar Mallam , Rao Lakshmana , Harshavardhan Vanga , Kumar Pawan
Published: October 2024

Admixture of Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (BFN) ceramics with different content of MnO2
(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt.%) powder were processed through conventional
solid-state reaction route. The XRD characterization of all sintered samples
confirmed the formation of a single cubic perovskite structure.MnO2 acts as
sintering aid, which significantly enhances grain size of the BFN ceramics.
The room temperature dielectric constant and conductivity of the MnO2
modified BFN ceramics were suppressed compared to the pure BFN ceramics.
However, the dielectric constant increases with the increase in temperature
above 250 ?C. The relaxation activation energy (>0.6 eV) and high
dielectric constant (?104 at temperature above 250 ?C) of the MnO2 modified
BFN ceramics were explained on the basis of ionization of oxygen vacancies,
mobile oxygen vacancies and polaron hopping between multiple oxidation
states of manganese (Mn2+ and Mn3+). A narrow band gap of 1.45 eV was
observed in the 1.5 wt.% MnO2 modified BFN ceramics.
Walter Schuetze and the Numbers Game: Advocate for Reform, Champion of Independence, Promoter of Fair Value, and Proponent of Simplification
Authors: Foltin Craig , Flesher Dale L.
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the life of Walter Schuetze (1932–2017) and his contributions to the accounting profession. He was a public accountant, a founding member of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the Chief Accountant for the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a corporate board member, and an advocate for accounting reform. In 2008, he was inducted into the Accounting Hall of Fame. This paper shows how Walter Schuetze has left a quiet but impactful legacy with lessons learned that still have applicability to the accounting profession today.
Audit Quality Under Remote Working Arrangement: The Role of Technology Competency
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Shih , Tang Zhenyang , Wang Zhihong , Yoon Kyunghee
Published: October 2024

Using comprehensive labor market data to measure client firms’ workforce technology competency, this study investigates how companies’ workforce technology competency may mitigate the deterioration of audit quality under the remote working arrangement following COVID-19. Our results suggest that after the COVID-19 outbreak, companies’ accrual quality has decreased, indicating a deterioration of audit quality. The negative impact of remote audits during COVID-19 on audit quality is less pronounced in companies with greater workforce technology competency. Our results are robust to various alternative measures, local versus nonlocal client analysis, and nonhigh-technology industry analysis. Our study provides important implications for regulatory bodies and industry professionals to understand the importance of technological human capital in improving audit quality in remote auditing contexts.

Data Availability: Data are obtained from the sources specified in the paper.

JEL Classifications: M15; M42.
The Adoption of Blockchain Technology on Company’s Internal Control System in Sales and Purchasing Cycle
Authors: Lin Yu-Cheng , Padliansyah Roni , Wu Pei-Pei
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the use of blockchain technology to enhance internal control systems for fraud prevention within the sales and purchasing cycle. Despite existing internal controls, significant weaknesses persist in these systems, leading to issues such as poor performance, missing orders, underpricing, rebates, false charges, falsification of order information, late delivery, and order/performance shifting. Using the design science research approach (Hevner, March, Park, and Ram 2004), we propose a conceptual framework that allocates the verification, storage, and management of events to each authorized blockchain node, preventing tampering with verified data. By integrating blockchain’s secure, traceable, and decentralized features with smart contracts, oracles, and the Internet of Things (IoT), our framework aims to automate workflows, track goods in real-time, and measure operational performance accurately. This approach enhances internal control systems, reduces audit workloads, and mitigates the risk of business fraud and misconduct.

JEL Classifications: M42; M49.
Maternal Glycemic Status and Longitudinal Fetal Body Composition and Organ Volumes Based on Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography
Authors: Wagner Kathryn A. , Gleason Jessica L. , Chen Zhen , Zhang Cuilin , Hinkle Stefanie N. , He Dian , Lee Wesley , Newman Roger B. , Owen John , Skupski Daniel W. , Grobman William A. , Sherman Seth , Tekola-Ayele Fasil , Grewal Jagteshwar , Grantz Katherine L.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of fetal overgrowth as measured by two-dimensional ultrasonography. Whether fetal three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue and organ volumes provide additional insight into fetal overgrowth is unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We prospectively evaluated longitudinal 3D fetal body composition and organ volumes in a diverse U.S. singleton pregnancy cohort (2015–2019). Women were diagnosed with GDM, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Up to five 3D ultrasound scans measured fetal body composition and organ volumes; trajectories were modeled using linear mixed models. Overall and weekly mean differences in fetal 3D trajectories were tested across glycemic status, adjusted for covariates.

RESULTS

In this sample (n = 2,427), 5.2% of women had GDM, and 3.0% had IGT. Fetuses of women who developed GDM compared with NGT had larger fractional arm and fractional fat arm volumes from 26 to 35 weeks, smaller fractional lean arm volume from 17 to 22 weeks, and larger abdominal area from 24 to 40 weeks. Fetuses of women with IGT had similar growth patterns, which manifested later in gestation and with larger magnitudes, and had larger fractional lean arm volume. No overall differences were observed among thigh or organ volumes across glycemic status.

CONCLUSIONS

Body composition differed in fetuses of GDM-complicated pregnancies, including larger arm and abdominal measures across the second and third trimesters. Patterns were similar in IGT-complicated pregnancies except that they occurred later in gestation and with larger magnitudes. Future research should explore how lifestyle and medication may alter fetal fat accumulation trajectories among hyperglycemic pregnancies.
Effect of an Additional Hydrophobic Adhesive Layer Application on the Clinical Performance of Class V Resin Composite Restorations: An 18-month Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Berkman M , Tuncer S , Karabay F , Demirci M , Tekçe N , Baydemir C
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the 18-month clinical performance of two different one-step adhesives that were applied alone or with an additional hydrophobic adhesive layer to noncarious cervical lesions.

Methods and Materials:

One hundred sixty teeth in 31 patients were included in the study. Each patient received at least four restorations. A 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)-containing one-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil S3 Bond Plus, Kuraray Noritake, Noritake, Japan) and a HEMA-free universal adhesive (G-Premio Bond) were applied to noncarious cervical lesions with or without additional hydrophobic adhesive (Heliobond) randomly. Teeth were restored with a nanohybrid composite. Restorations were evaluated according to FDI criteria at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 18-month recalls. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and the Friedman analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests (α=0.05).

Results:

At 18 months, recall rates were 100%, and there was no significant difference between four different adhesive applications in terms of any criteria (p>0.05). The cumulative retention rates were 92.5%, 92.5%, 97.5%, and 100% for the restorations with one-step self-etch, one-step self-etch plus hydrophobic adhesive layer, a universal adhesive, and a universal adhesive plus hydrophobic adhesive layer, respectively.

Conclusion:

An additional hydrophobic adhesive layer was found to have no significant effect on the 18-month clinical performance of two different one-step adhesive systems with and without HEMA.
Теоретические аспекты систематизации терминологии слабоструктурированных предметных областей
Authors: Зайцева Н.Ю. , Курбатова С.Г. , Ивкина А.В. , Абдуллина А.Ф.
Published: October 2024

В статье обсуждаются проблемы, затрудняющие систематизацию слабоструктурированных терминологических аппаратов динамично развивающихся предметных областей. В связи с наличием в них таких характерных черт, как отсутствие для целого ряда терминов и стоящих за ними понятий логично выстроенных дефиниций, обилие предтерминологических единиц, установление синонимических отношений между терминами, проявление терминологической эквивалентности, дублетности, вариативности, флуктуации авторами рассмотрены в комплексе универсальные принципы, которые предопределяют методические подходы к гармонизации слабоструктурированных терминологических лексико-семантических систем. Практическая значимость статьи состоит в возможности использования ее итогов как при создании одноязычных, так и переводных словарей тезаурусного типа, в том числе учебных.

The article discusses problems that make it difficult to systematize semi-structured terminologies of dynamically developing subject domains: the absence of logically constructed definitions for a number of terms and the concepts behind them, the abundance of pre-terminological units, term synonimization, terminological equivalence, doubletness, variability, fluctuations. In this regard, the authors examined comprehensively the universal principles that predetermine methodological approaches to the harmonization of semi-structured terminological lexical-semantic systems. The practical significance of the article lies in the possibility of applying the results both in compiling monolingual and multilingual thesaurus, learner’s ones included.
Семантические особенности терминов в сфере информационных технологий (на материале английского и русского языков)
Authors: Кострубина С.А. , Прокопьева А.Е.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются семантические особенности терминов информационных технологий в английском и русском языках. Определяются ключевые сходства и различия между исследуемыми терминологическими системами с применением методов сравнительного анализа. При проведении сравнительного анализа компьютерных терминов выяснилось, что семантические свойства рассматриваемых языков схожи: в обоих языках были определены шесть основных тематических групп; наиболее распространенной группой терминов в английском и русском языках является «программное обеспечение».

The authors examine the semantic features of computer terms in English and Russian. The article describes the main similar and distinctive characteristics of computer terms using methods of cross-cultural comparison. The conducted research allows us to say that in both languages (English and Russian) the largest group of terms is “Software”. It is argued that the semantic properties of the languages under consideration are similar.
Моделирование режимов нагрева и охлаждения регенераторов в установке для утилизации теплоты сгорания конвертерного газа
Authors: Лукин С.В. , Породовский Д.В.
Published: October 2024

Разработаны функциональная схема и информационная модель оценки параметров утилизационной установки конвертерного газа, состоящей из двух регенераторов, котла-утилизатора и паровой турбины. На основе уравнений, описывающих режимы нагрева и охлаждения регенераторов, предназначенных для аккумулирования теплоты сгорания конвертерного газа и нагрева воздуха для котла утилизатора, численно рассчитаны температуры насадки регенераторов, греющих газов и воздуха. При расходе конвертерного газа 125 тыс. нм3/ч, выбранном размере насадки регенераторов и длительности цикла работы конвертеров 40 мин в предлагаемой установке можно генерировать приблизительно 50 МВт электроэнергии. Срок окупаемости утилизационной установки не превышает одного года.

A functional scheme and an informational model for evaluating the parameters of a converter gas utilization unit consisting of two regenerators, a recovery boiler and a steam turbine,have been developed. Based on the equations describing the heating and cooling modes of regenerators designed to accumulate converter gas combustion heat and air heating for the heat recovery boiler, the temperatures of the gas checker of regenerators, heating gases and air are numerically calculated. With a converter gas consumption of 125 thousand nm3/h, the selected size of the regenerator gas checker, and the duration of the converter cycle of 40 minutes, approximately 50 MW of electricity can be generated in the proposed unit. The payback period of the utilization unit does not exceed one year.
A method for the dimensionality reduction of neural network weight matrices for natural language processing
Authors: Firsanova V.I.
Published: October 2024

The growth in the number of parameters of neural network models for language modeling makes the question of reducing the dimensionality of the matrices storing the models' weights increasingly relevant. The study proposes a novel method to reducing the dimensionality of training weight matrices and an algorithm called Convolutional Weights Compression. The essence of the method is to apply the convolution operation to the analysis of matrices of neural network training weights to reduce their dimensionality.

В связи с ростом количества параметров нейросетевых моделей для обработки естественного языка все более актуальным становится вопрос о том, как уменьшить размерность матриц, в которых хранятся веса таких моделей. Исследование предлагает новый метод уменьшения размерности матриц обучающих весов и алгоритм сжатия под названием «сверточная компрессия весов». Суть метода заключается в применении операции свертки к анализу матриц обучающих весов нейронных сетей для уменьшения их размерности.
Veien mot en digital fremtid: bruk e-bøker i høyere utdanning
Authors: Svihus Cathrine Larsen
Published: October 2024

E-bøker har blitt et stadig viktigere element i høyere utdanning, og forståelsen av hvordan studenter oppfatter og bruker disse ressursene er avgjørende for å videreutvikle pedagogiske strategier. Til tross for bred tilgjengelighet via databaser og konsortier som BIBSYS er faktisk bruk av e-bøker ofte lav. Dette gapet mellom tilgjengelighet og bruk kan håndteres gjennom målrettede tiltak. Artikkelen omhandler studenters oppfatninger av e-bøker ved UH-sektoren og utforsker hvordan handelshøyskolen på de respektive institusjonene kan bruke denne informasjonen til å gjøre mulige forbedringer på utdanningen. Gjennom en systematisk litteraturgjennomgang av forskning fra 2014 til 2024 analyserer studien mottakelsen og bruken av e-bøker blant studenter. Resultatene indikerte at e-bøker kan være kostnadseffektive og har potensial til å støtte bærekraftige og inkluderende læringsmiljøer. Studenter har derimot lav toleranse for teknologi med dårlig brukervennlighet. Derfor krever realiseringen av dette potensialet at utdanningsinstitusjoner aktivt arbeider med barrierer som dårlig brukervennlighet, lav anerkjennelse og manglende inkludering i pensum. Studien fremhever behovet for at handelshøyskoler og andre utdanningsinstitusjoner utvikler strategier som fremmer e-bøkers mulige fordeler.
Abstract in English
Paving the Way to a Digital Future: E-Books in Higher Education
E-books have emerged as an important resource component in higher education, understanding how students perceive and utilize these digital resources is crucial for developing effective educational strategies. Despite wide availability through databases and consortia like BIBSYS, actual use of e-books among students is often low. This inquiry addresses students' perceptions of e-books in higher education and explores how university business schools can leverage such information to enhance the quality of education. Through a literature review of research published from 2014-2024, this study analyzed the perceptions and usage of e-books among students. Findings suggest e-books, with their interactive features, have the potential to support sustainable and inclusive learning environments. Providing e-books for free or at a much-discounted price, may give students the incentive they need to take the step into the future. However, realizing this potential requires educational institutions to actively overcome barriers such as poor usability, low recognition, and lack of inclusion in the curriculum. The study highlights the need for business schools and other educational institutions to develop strategies which promotes benefits of e-books.
Innovation School – evaluering av et internasjonalt internship-program på kort og lang sikt
Authors: Juranek Steffen , Tatavarthy Aruna , Bamford Agnes
Published: October 2024

Erfaringsbasert utdanning er et aktuelt tema for dagens handelshøyskoler. Norges Handelshøyskole (NHH) introduserte et internasjonalt internship-program i Tyskland i 2021. Vi analyserte studentenes tilfredshet etter å ha gjennomført programmet og om det har hatt innvirkning på deres videre karriere. Vi foretok en evaluering av programmet på kort og lang sikt for å undersøke hva som skaper tilfredshet og påvirker karrieremuligheter. Ifølge våre funn er arbeidsoppgavenes relevans, læringsmuligheter, klar struktur, klare oppgaver og en positiv arbeidskultur avgjørende for å skape tilfredshet. Langtidsevalueringen, som ble kartlagt 2,5 og 1,5 år etter at internship-programmet var fullført, viser videre at studentene synes at internship har hatt en positiv innvirkning på karrieren deres. I ettertid fremhever de spesielt utviklingen av ferdigheter, den internasjonale erfaringen og karriereutvikling – og at de er ettertraktet på arbeidsmarkedet generelt.
Abstract in English
Innovation School – Short and Long-term Evaluations of an International Internship ProgramWe analyze the student satisfaction with and career impact of a recent international internship program at Norwegian School of Economics (NHH). We use a short-term and long-term evaluation to learn about the drivers of satisfaction and impact. We find that task relevance, learning opportunities, clear structure and tasks, and a positive work culture are key drivers for the satisfaction. The long-term evaluation measured after 2.5 and 1.5 years after the internship program, further shows that the students perceive a positive impact of their internship on their careers. In retrospect they highlight the skill development, the international experience and the impact on their career advancement – or employability in more general.
Læring og utvikling av evne til livslang læring i en profesjonsrettet næringsmaster med partnerbedrifter
Authors: Kulset Ellen Hiorth Marthinsen , Ludvigsen Eivind , Baksaas Kjell Magne
Published: October 2024

Denne artikkelen beskriver enkelte sider ved hvordan næringsmasterprogrammet i regnskap og revisjon ved Universitetet i Sørøst-Norge (USN) søker å initiere erfaringslæring. I en næringsmaster, der alle studenter arbeider deltid i profesjonsrelevante stillinger, er målsettingen at erfaringslæring skal fremskynde prosessen med å bli en dyktig profesjonsutøver. Taushetsplikter setter begrensninger for erfaringslæring. Arbeid med refleksjonsnotat og skoleutviklede case kan fremme erfaringslæring og evne til kritisk tenkning. Vi undersøker hvordan studentene i masterprogrammet oppfatter egen læring og utvikling av evne til livslang læring i lys av ulike læringsaktiviteter. Våre funn tyder på at studentene opplever at forelesninger og arbeid i kollokviegrupper er de viktigste læringsaktivitetene.
Abstract in English
Learning and Development of the Capacity for Lifelong Learning in a Professionally Oriented Training Program with Partner CompaniesThis article describes methods employed by the University of South-Eastern Norway's (USN) Industry Master's program in Accounting and Auditing to incorporate experiential learning. Within this program, every student holds a part-time position relevant to their professional development, an approach designed to expedite their journey to becoming proficient professionals. However, confidentiality obligations serve as a hurdle to experiential learning. Techniques such as writing reflection notes, and the use of school-developed cases can promote experiential learning and enhance critical thinking skills. We've analyzed how the students in this master's program perceive their own learning and their capacity for lifelong learning, taking into consideration various learning activities. Our findings suggest that, from the students' perspective, the most important learning activities are lectures and participation in colloquium groups.
Offentlig regnskap. Kompetansebehov i norske kommuner og rollene til høyere utdanning og kurstilbydere
Authors: Opsahl André , Sundkvist Charlotte Haugland , Viken Marie
Published: October 2024

Offentlig regnskap og økonomistyring har lenge vært et neglisjert fagområde innenfor høyere utdanning. Konsekvensene er at offentlige virksomheter ikke får dekket sitt kompetansebehov gjennom ansattes høyere utdanning, og at fagområdet domineres av kurstilbud fra private aktører. Basert på dybdeintervjuer med elleve økonomi- og regnskapssjefer kartlegges kommunenes kompetansebehov og hvordan det dekkes. Forankret i studiens funn og relevant forskningslitteratur foreslår vi en fremtidig rollefordeling mellom høyere utdanningsinstitusjoner og kurstilbydere der formålet er at aktørene skal komplementere hverandre. Vårt forslag er at høyere utdanningsinstitusjoner bør fokusere på konseptuell og teoretisk-forankret kompetanse, mens kurstilbydere dekker mer teknisk spisset kompetanse og det løpende behovet for oppdateringskurs.
Abstract in English
Public Sector Accounting: Competency Requirements in Norwegian Municipalities and the Roles of Higher Education and Course Providers
Public sector accounting has historically been neglected in higher education. The consequences are that public sector institutions (at the national, regional, and local levels) are unable to cover their competence needs through employees' formal education and that this is covered by courses offered by private actors. Based on eleven in-depth interviews with finance and accounting managers, this study maps and investigates municipalities' competence needs, and how they are met by higher education and private course providers in Norway. Based on these findings and the relevant literature, we propose a future distribution of roles between these actors and argue how they may complement each other. Our proposal is that higher education institutions should focus on broad conceptual and theoretically rooted competence, while course providers may cover more technically advanced competence and the ongoing need for refresher and updated courses.
PROPRIEDADES BIOLÓGICAS DO Zingiber Officinale APLICADO AO SISTEMA DIGESTIVO
Authors: Oliveira Bianca Ribeiro da Silva , Rocha Nafitaly Araujo da , Oliveira Talita Brito de , Silva Weison Lima da
Published: October 2024

Relatar os benefícios do consumo do Zingiber officinale pode influenciar no tratamento de disfunções do sistema digestivo e hiperêmese gravídica. O Zingiber officinale é um rizoma utilizado desde a antiguidade para tratar enfermidades. No Brasil, este tubérculo foi catalogado pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), reconhecendo suas peculiaridades e aplicabilidades terapêuticas devido as substâncias fitoquímicas que apresentam inúmeras propriedades farmacológicas que promovem inúmeros benefícios para a saúde humana. Métodos: A presente pesquisa refere-se a uma revisão sistemática de literatura que segue as instruções do formulário "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and MetaAnalyses" (PRISMA). Esta conduta permite um levantamento detalhados de obras literárias já publicadas para a obtenção de resultados confiáveis e abrangentes sobre o tema disponível nesta análise sistemática. Espera-se com os relatos encontrados na literatura contribuir e complementar os conhecimentos já consolidados em relação as propriedades terapêuticas deste fitoterápico.