bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Is Helicity (and Twist) Partitioned in Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Reconnecting Magnetic Flux Tubes?
Authors: Threlfall James , Wright Andrew N. , Hood Alan W.
Published: July 2020

Magnetic helicity conservation provides a convenient way to analyze specific properties (namely, the linkage and twist) of reconnecting flux tubes and yield additional insight into the pre- and post-reconnection states of magnetic structures in the solar atmosphere. A previous study considered two flux tubes with footpoints anchored in two parallel planes. They showed that reconnection would add self-helicity equivalent to a half turn of twist to each flux tube. We address a related and fundamental question here: if two flux tubes anchored in a single plane reconnect, what are the resulting twists imparted to each of the reconnected tubes? Are they equal and do they have a simple exact value independent of footpoint location? To do this, we employ a new (computationally efficient) method which subdivides each flux tube into distinct elements and calculates the mutual helicity of many elemental pairs, the sum of which determines the self-helicity of the overall flux tube. Having tested the method using a simple analytical model, we apply the technique to a magnetohydrodynamic simulation where initially untwisted magnetic flux tubes are sheared and allowed to reconnect (based on a previous reconnection model). We recover values of self-helicity and twist in the final end state of the simulations which show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.
Morbilli Epidemic in Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2019: A Review of Hospitalized Children with Measles at the Pediatric Clinic
Authors: Bakalović Ganimeta , Bejić Samir , Joković Sandra , Husremovic Faruk , Panic Jovana
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by morbillivirus which usually affects young children. Once thought to have been eradicated, measles continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world.
AIM: The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk factors and clinical characteristics of children hospitalized at the Pediatric Clinic under the diagnosis of measles during the epidemic in Sarajevo Canton 2019.
METHOD: We applied a retrospective analysis of medical histories of 23 patients who were hospitalized under the diagnosis of measles at the Pediatric Clinic of the Clinical Center in Sarajevo from January to June 2019. We divided patients into two groups: Infants and children over one year of age. We diagnosed measles clinically, or through the serum IgM ELISA test for measles virus.
RESULTS: A total of 23 patients, aged 1 month to 14 years, were hospitalized at the Pediatric Clinic, accounting for 3.5% of the total number of the diseased children. The largest numbers of hospitalized patients were infants 9 (39.1%). Comorbidities were present in 9 (39.1%) subjects, and the most common complication was bronchopneumonia, present in as many as half of the infants. There were four patients who needed mechanical ventilation (17.39%); three of whom were infants; and two lethal outcomes (8.69%), both in infancy.
CONCLUSION: Responsible behavior of parents, health professionals, and society as a whole can prevent the far-reaching consequences of non-vaccination. Infants are critically endangered, as the most sensitive part of population, especially if the collective immunity is impaired.
The Association of CYP2E1 Polymorphism and Environmental Factor in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Farhat Farhat , Daulay Elvita Rahmi , Chrestella Jessy , Syari Raudah Putri
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION: Polymorphism of CYP2E1 induces nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by activating pro-carcinogens including nitrosamine. Environmental factor such as salted fish, preserved food, tobacco, and alcohol consumption which contains nitrosamine, join with CYP2E1 polymorphism leads to an increase of susceptibility for NPC.
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to identify CYP2E1 polymorphism and the association with other risk factors to NPC in NPC patients.
METHODS: This study was analytic research with the case–control design. The samples were taken based on non-probability consecutive sampling method. The identification of CYP2E1 polymorphism was done by the PCR-RFLP method. The association of its variable to NPC was analyzed with the Chi-square test and between polymorphism of CYP2E1 with other risk factors was analyzed with stratified analysis.
RESULT: We found that there was no significant association of CYP2E1 polymorphism with NPC. However, the joint effect of CYP2E1 polymorphism with smoking was significant in NPC patients. The risk for NPC in the combination of those two was 4.0-fold.
CONCLUSION: The study showed the capability of genetics and environment in the development of NPC. Further study can be done to find evidence of genetics and environmental influence in the prevention and treatment of NPC.
Evaluation of the Neonate with Seizures
Authors: Martin Monika , Querubin Jyes , Hagen Eunice , Lim Jina
Published: July 2020

Neonatal seizures are common, occurring in 2 to 5 of 1,000 live births in the United States. The neonatal brain is thought to be predisposed toward seizures due to a combination of excessive excitatory and deficient inhibitory neuronal activity. The seizures tend to be focal or multifocal without secondary generalization, resulting in subtle seizure appearance. There are five main categories of neonatal seizures: focal clonic, focal tonic, myoclonic, subtle, and generalized tonic. An electroencephalogram is recommended to diagnose and treat neonatal seizures due to poor reliability of the clinical examination. Causes of neonatal seizures are broad, including trauma, structural brain anomalies, infections, metabolic disorders, drug withdrawal or intoxication, and neonatal epilepsy syndromes. Treatment of neonatal seizures involves management of cardiorespiratory status, correction of metabolic derangements, and antiepileptics as needed. The most common antiepileptics used in neonates are phenobarbital, levetiracetam, and fosphenytoin. The long-term risk of neurodevelopmental disability varies depending upon the etiology of neonatal seizures. Close attention to developmental milestones and neurology follow-up is recommended for all neonates with seizures.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(7):e292–e298.]
Les sociologies de l’enfance face à la parole enfantine
Authors: Leroy Ghislain
Published: July 2020

Cet article balaye et articule un certain nombre de travaux sociologiques qui documentent le statut de la parole enfantine dans la société contemporaine. Ce parcours est aussi l’occasion d’une réflexion épistémologique sur la « sociologie de l’enfance », ou plutôt les « sociologies de l’enfance ». En étudiant la manière dont elles conceptualisent la parole de l’enfant, le présent article pose la question de ce qui oppose mais aussi rassemble les divers courants qui composent le champ, en particulier autour de la question de la « détermination » ou de l’« autonomie » de la parole enfantine. Des conceptions diverses de la socialisation sont souvent l’origine des débats. Modestement, des pistes de travail et des perspectives de dialogue sont évoquées.
Justice scolaire pour les hérissons : la prise en compte de la parole des élèves au sein des conseils de discipline
Authors: Lorius Vincent
Published: July 2020

Ce texte prend appui sur une recherche portant sur le fonctionnement des conseils de discipline dans un département de la France métropolitaine. Ces instances sont en effet particulièrement instructives pour s’informer sur la façon dont est prise en compte la parole des enfants et des adolescents au sein du système éducatif. Dans la première partie, nous indiquerons pourquoi entendre la parole des élèves c’est se préoccuper effectivement des effets réels produits par les prises en charge éducatives et pas seulement de la cohérence des principes censés les guider. Concernant la parole des enfants, cette vigilance doit permettre de vérifier que l’annonce récurrente de permettre l’expression des élèves n’entre pas en contradiction avec les effets des pratiques éducatives. Au moyen de quelques résultats d’une recherche, nous montrerons que ce risque est bien réel au sein des instances disciplinaires et nous tenterons de mettre à jour quelques raisons explicatives de cette situation dont la caractéristique commune est de relever de questions morales. Parmi celles-ci, figure un recours abusif à une morale scolaire de sens commun qui fait du respect des valeurs le tout de l’éducation.
Entre tâche et activité : analyse des échanges langagiers d’élèves de cycle 3 lors de l’utilisation d’un outil de correction orthographique
Authors: Fenoglio Prisca , Brissaud Catherine
Published: July 2020

Le dispositif Twictée, conçu par des enseignants, consiste à échanger, au primaire et au collège, des phrases dictées, les « Twictées », puis des outils de correction argumentée des dictées reçues, les « twoutils ». Ces derniers sont au cœur du dispositif et ont pour objectif, selon leurs concepteurs, d’encourager l’élève à normaliser et automatiser ses connaissances, par l’explication et la catégorisation de la correction de l’erreur sous un format rédigé imposé. Cette contribution se penche sur cet objectif, par le biais des échanges langagiers entre les élèves lors de leur travail sur les twoutils, au sein de cinq classes de cycle 3, tout en s’interrogeant en particulier sur le travail des élèves les moins performants. Les résultats indiquent que les conduites verbales sont, dans l’ensemble, plus répétitives que réflexives. Des variations émergent selon la phase de traitement de l’erreur (explication ou catégorisation de la correction), les classes observées et les niveaux de performance orthographique. L’étude permet de s’interroger sur les processus d’apprentissage favorisés par cette étape-clé du dispositif et de dégager quelques pistes didactiques afin d’en améliorer l’efficience pour tous les élèves.
Enseigner-apprendre l’orthographe, des interactions langagières pour articuler gestes professionnels et gestes d’étude
Authors: Champagne-Vergez Martine , Rebière Maryse , Jaubert Martine
Published: July 2020

L’article est centré sur l’enseignement-apprentissage du système linguistique français, objet particulièrement critique, dans la mesure où la distinction entre l’objet linguistique à apprendre et le moyen langagier d’apprentissage peut être source de malentendus entre le maître et les élèves. Dans ce système vaste et complexe, nous nous focalisons sur l’orthographe qui permet d’aborder l’ensemble parce qu’elle est très fortement articulée aux dimensions grammaticales. En quoi les interactions langagières nous renseignent-elles sur la manière dont l’enseignant envisage son action et sur les effets de cette dernière auprès des élèves : Nos hypothèses empruntent deux pistes : d’une part la prise en compte de la situation d’enseignement par l’enseignant et d’autre part l’implication progressive des élèves dans des gestes langagiers d’étude via des changements de positionnement énonciatif sous l’effet de gestes langagiers didactiques des enseignants. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus recueilli dans des classes d’écoles élémentaires, du CE1 (sept ans) au CE2 (huit ans), dans des milieux socio-économiques contrastés. Nous étudions les interactions langagières et analysons ce qui est commun et ce qui est différent entre les dispositifs didactiques, en tentant de suivre le fil d’une genèse du savoir, entre verbalisations de niveaux épilinguistique et métalinguistique, en vue de saisir des phénomènes langagiers à l’œuvre et notamment des organisations récurrentes d’énoncés et leur appropriation.
Interagir à distance dans une communauté d’enseignants : effets sur les conceptions relatives au numérique et à l’enseignement de l’orthographe
Authors: Ferone Georges , Crinon Jacques
Published: July 2020

Des communautés enseignantes en ligne existent depuis la généralisation d’Internet, mais trois phénomènes se conjuguent aujourd’hui. Ces communautés se développent fortement ; elles revendiquent de manière explicite des effets sur le développement professionnel des enseignants et se positionnent comme un nouvel acteur de la formation ; enfin elles bénéficient d’un fort soutien de l’Institution. Pour comprendre les effets de la participation à une communauté sur les conceptions pédagogiques et didactiques des enseignants, nous avons interrogé par questionnaire des membres de l’association Twictée, qui vise à améliorer l’enseignement et l’apprentissage de l’orthographe. Nos résultats confirment d’autres travaux. La participation au réseau Twictée joue un rôle important sur la dimension affective ; participer renforce la confiance des enseignants et leur plaisir d’enseigner. Ils montrent par contre des effets plus contrastés dans le domaine cognitif. Les membres du réseau témoignent de conceptions plus réalistes sur les bénéfices et les obstacles attribués au numérique. Sur celles de l’orthographe et de son enseignement, nous montrons que le réseau Twictée favorise la circulation de notions empruntées au champ de la didactique de l’orthographe, au prix parfois d’une transformation profonde de celles-ci.
Esprits « convergents » ou « divergents » : tradition et enseignement scientifique chez Thomas Samuel Kuhn et Karl Popper
Authors: Firode Alain
Published: July 2020

Cette étude se propose de comparer les positions respectives de Thomas Samuel Kuhn et Karl Popper en matière d’enseignement scientifique. Les conclusions de Kuhn, sur ce point, vont clairement dans le sens d’un plaidoyer en faveur des méthodes pédagogiques traditionnelles : parce que la pratique des sciences requiert des esprits « convergents », travaillant dans le cadre d’un « paradigme », la formation des futurs savants doit être le fait d’un enseignement dogmatique, incitant les étudiants à l’acceptation des savoirs en place. La position de Popper, quant à elle, s’avère plus difficile à cerner : tout en estimant, contre Kuhn, que le chercheur doit être doté d’un esprit « divergent », enclin à remettre en cause les connaissances établies, le philosophe n’en reconnaît pas moins que la recherche et l’enseignement scientifiques présentent une part nécessaire et légitime de dogmatisme et de conservatisme.
Comprendre le travail des enseignants de judo : des valeurs déclarées aux valeurs « en acte »
Authors: Perez Sylvie , Perez-Roux Thérèse
Published: July 2020

Cette étude combine des approches en sociologie, ergologie et anthropologie située. Elle a pour intention de décrire et comprendre l’activité de travail des enseignants de judo, en se focalisant plus particulièrement sur les valeurs que les enseignants déclarent et sur la façon dont elles s’actualisent dans leur travail. La méthodologie retenue est plurielle et a consisté à recueillir et à croiser trois types de données : a) des données sociologiques et ethnographiques ; b) des données d’observation et c) des données d’auto-confrontation. Les résultats ont permis de révéler les valeurs communes déclarées par les enseignants, des situations typiques dans lesquelles ces valeurs s’expriment et comment, pragmatiquement, les enseignants de judo font face aux contradictions et tensions inhérentes à leur activité.
Faut-il former les enseignants afin qu’ils cherchent à diminuer les émotions négatives de leurs élèves ou qu’ils leur apprennent à renforcer leurs émotions positives ?
Authors: Genoud Philippe A. , Kappeler Gabriel , Gay Philippe
Published: July 2020

Cet article s’intéresse aux impacts des émotions positives et négatives sur la motivation scolaire des élèves, tout en tenant compte du rôle joué par le sentiment de compétence développé par ces derniers en milieu scolaire. Les résultats (issus d’un échantillon de 1 371 élèves en fin de scolarité obligatoire et récoltés par le biais d’un questionnaire auto-rapporté mesurant les attitudes socio-affectives face aux apprentissages) confirment un fort lien entre les émotions positives et la motivation scolaire, alors que les émotions négatives ont une influence nettement plus faible et indirecte (par le biais du sentiment de compétence) dans le modèle testé. Si la prise de mesures ponctuelle ne permet que de suggérer un sens de causalité entre le plaisir d’apprendre et l’investissement de l’élève, l’instauration d’un cercle vertueux entre ces dimensions est tout à fait plausible. En rupture avec une certaine tradition qui préconise de s’occuper prioritairement de l’anxiété en classe, notre recherche soulève alors l’intérêt de se focaliser davantage sur les émotions positives, car celles-ci ont des effets directs (et également plus marqués que les émotions négatives) sur la motivation scolaire des élèves. Ce changement de focus devrait également s’élargir à la formation des enseignants dans le but de mieux outiller ces professionnels au développement et au maintien des émotions positives à l’école, avec le but ultime d’intervenir de manière directe et ciblée sur la motivation scolaire de leurs élèves.
De la question des émotions de l’élève dans la formation enseignante en France
Authors: Espinosa Gaëlle
Published: July 2020

Cet article présente des travaux portant sur les émotions de l’élève à l’école, en lien avec les disciplines (vécu disciplinaire) ou lors d’activités disciplinaires (par exemple, orthographe, grammaire et compréhension de texte en français, résolution de problème en mathématiques). Ces travaux permettent de mieux saisir l’influence des émotions dans l’apprentissage. Ils soulignent principalement le caractère perturbateur ou facilitateur des émotions dans l’apprentissage et montrent que les émotions jouent un rôle d’importance dans l’acquisition ou non de connaissances et compétences par l’élève et, en conséquence, dans son expérience du succès ou de la difficulté, comme dans celle de son bien-être ou mal-être à l’école. Il s’agira finalement d’étudier les derniers textes officiels de l’Éducation nationale française (programmes et socle commun de connaissances, de compétences et de culture, 2015) afin d’estimer la place attribuée aux émotions dans ces textes et ainsi de mieux envisager, au regard de ces textes et des travaux sus-cités, les modalités d’intégration de la question des émotions de l’élève dans la formation, initiale et continue, enseignante.
Ventricular tachycardia: beginning and ending fate of a benign invasive cardiac lipoma
Authors: Vriz Olga , Ahmed Mawada M. , Kharabsheha Suleiman , Aladmawi Mohammed , Alamro Bandar , AlSomali Afrah , Fawzy Nader , ALsanei Aly , Echahidi Najmeddine M.
Published: July 2020

Cardiac lipomas are rare benign heart tumors. Their clinical manifestations primarily depend on their dimension and location. We describe a case of a 14-year-old boy complaining of palpitations. ECG showed non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT). Echocardiography and cardiac MRI showed a large apical mass suggestive of a cardiac lipoma. The patient underwent open-heart surgery which detected a pericardial mass, partially attached to the myocardium, and crossed by the distal segment of LAD. This critical anatomical relationship prevents its complete resection. The biopsy confirmed mature fat tissue. Postoperatively, Propranolol was started for NSVT episodes. After 8 months, he presented with VT recurrence. A subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) was implanted. Two months later, he was admitted for an electrical storm with six appropriate shocks. Since then, amiodarone was added. Lipomas are not always benign and their surgery might be very difficult and unhelpful. A multidisciplinary team is crucial for their diagnosis and management.
Final-year medical students need to know their future supervisory role of clinical associates
Authors: Koortzen Michiel , Biggs Lourens W. , Wolvaardt Jacqueline , Turner Astrid , Bac Martin , Volpe Mark
Published: July 2020

Background: A clinical associate (ClinA) is a mid-level health professional who may only practise under the supervision of a medical doctor. By extension, medical students need to be prepared for this responsibility. This study explored whether final-year medical students at one university were aware of this supervisory role, felt prepared and were knowledgeable about the ClinAs’ scope of practice.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. The population included all final-year medical students who had completed their District Health and Community Obstetrics rotations (March to November 2017). After an end-of-rotation session, 151 students were given questionnaires to complete. A list of 20 treatments or procedures was extracted from the ClinAs’ gazetted scope of practice for a ‘knowledge test’. Data were analysed with Stata and Microsoft Excel. Ethical permission was granted.Results: The response rate was 77.4% (n/N = 117/151). The majority of participants (76.1%, n = 86) had worked with a qualified or student ClinA before and had a generally positive impression (81.4%; n = 70). Almost half (47.8%; n = 56) thought that the ClinAs’ scope of work was similar to registered nurses rather than a doctor’s (38.2%; n = 44). Most were unaware that they would be required to supervise ClinAs once qualified (65.8%; n = 77). On average, participants identified 12 out of 20 treatments or procedures that a ClinA could perform.Conclusion: Despite having worked with ClinAs, participants appeared largely unaware of their future legal obligation of supervision. Adequate clinical supervision is based on the knowledge of the scope of practice, which was variable. Formal training on the scope of the work of ClinAs is needed to prepare future doctors for their supervisory role. Medical schools have an obligation to adequately prepare their students in this regard as part of their transformative education with elements of interprofessional education.
Appropriateness and Adequacy of Teaching and Learning Resources and Students’ Industrial Attachment in Public Colleges of Technical and Vocational Education in Zambia
Authors: Mutale Mulenga Innocent , King Chileshe Edward
Published: July 2020

Zambia has the largest youthful population of below 15 and 18 years which constitute 45.5% and 52.5% of the total population respectively. This is expected to rise by 2030. However, this huge number of young persons, which should be a great resource for economic development, is mostly unemployed (UNESCO, 2016). For many years now the government of the Republic of Zambia has been running and introducing more Vocational Education and Training Institutions as a way of reducing unemployment amongst young people. Regardless of all these efforts, most youths in Zambia who have graduated from such institutions remain unemployed (TEVETA, 2015). In this study, the researchers investigated the appropriateness and adequacy of institution’s teaching and learning resources that the students were exposed to during trainings and how the industrial attachments were organized by the Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. The mixed method research approach was used to analyze this phenomenon. Six college principals were purposively sampled while stratified and simple random sampling were used to sample sixty lecturers, ten from each of the six colleges. Findings showed that TVET institutions in Zambia were plagued with a number of challenges ranging from lack of appropriate and modern workshop equipment, lack of reading material and ineffective industrial attachment. Researchers recommend that the Ministry of Higher Education and college managements should provide a conducive learning environment in these institutions if graduates were to acquire the required technical competencies.
Cloud phase characteristics over Southeast Asia from A-Train satellite observations
Authors: Hong Yulan , Di Girolamo Larry
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This study examines the climatology of cloud phase over
Southeast Asia (SEA) based on A-Train satellite
observations. Using the combined CloudSat–CALIPSO (CC) data, five main cloud
groups are investigated: ice-only, ice-above-liquid, liquid-only,
ice-above-mixed, and mixed-only clouds that have annual mean frequencies of
28.6 %, 20.1 %, 16.0 %, 9.3 %, and 6.7 %, respectively. Liquid-only
clouds tend to occur in relatively cold, dry, and stable lower
troposphere. The other four cloud groups appear more frequently in
relatively warm, humid, and unstable conditions, and their seasonal
distributions move with the Asian monsoon and the Intertropical Convergence
Zone (ITCZ). Liquid clouds are found to be highly inhomogeneous based on the
heterogeneity index (Hσ) from Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), while ice-only and
mixed-only clouds are often very smooth. Ice-above-liquid clouds are more
heterogeneous than ice-only clouds owing to ice clouds being optically
thin. We demonstrate that the distribution of clear-sky
Hσ has a long tail towards heterogeneous values
that are caused by undetected subpixel cloud within both CC and MODIS
datasets. The reflectance at 0.645 µm (R0.645) and brightness
temperature at 11 µm (BT11) of CC ice-only, liquid-only, and
ice-above-liquid clouds show peak frequencies near that of clear sky (R0.645∼0.02; BT11∼294 K), which explains why up to
30 % of these CC cloud groups are classified as clear by MODIS. In
contrast, mixed-only clouds are thick (average top ∼13 km),
bright (average R0.645∼0.6), and cold (average BT11
∼234 K). Cloud phase comparison between CC and MODIS reveals
only modest agreement, with the best agreement (73 %) occurring between CC
ice-above-mixed and MODIS ice clouds. The intraseasonal and interannual
behaviors of the all-sky Hσ and spectral signatures follow that of cloud
phase and vary with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the El
Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases.
Source apportionment and impact of long-range transport on carbonaceous aerosol particles in Central Germany during HCCT-2010
Authors: Poulain Laurent , Fahlbusch Benjamin , Spindler Gerald , Müller Konrad , van Pinxteren Dominik , Wu Zhijun , Iinuma Yoshiteru , Birmili Wolfram , Wiedensohler Alfred , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The identification of different sources of the carbonaceous aerosol (organics and black carbon) was investigated at a mountain forest site located in central Germany from September to October 2010 to characterize incoming air masses during the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 (HCCT-2010) experiment. The near-PM1 chemical composition, as measured by an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), was dominated by organics (OA, 41 %), followed by sulfate (19 %) and nitrate (18 %). Source apportionment of the OA fraction was performed using the Multilinear Engine approach (ME-2), resulting in the identification of five factors: Hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA, 3 % of OA mass), biomass burning OA (BBOA, 13 %), semi-volatile-like OA (SVOOA, 19 %), and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors. The more-oxidized OOA (MO-OOA, 28 %) was interpreted as being influenced by aged polluted continental air masses, whereas the less-oxidized OOA (LO-OOA, 37 %) was found to be more linked to aged biogenic sources. Equivalent black carbon (eBC) measured by a multi-angle absorption photometer, MAAP, represented 10 % of the total PM. The eBC was clearly associated with the three factors HOA, BBOA, and MO-OOA (all together R2 = 0.83). Therefore, eBC's contribution to each factor was achieved using a multi-linear regression model. More than half of the eBC (52 %) was associated with long-range transport (i.e. MO-OOA), whereas liquid fuel eBC (35 %) and biomass burning eBC (13 %) were associated with local emissions leading to a complete apportionment of the carbonaceous aerosol. The separation between local and transported eBC was well supported by the mass size distribution of elemental carbon (EC) from Berner-impactor samples. Air masses with the strongest marine influence based on back trajectory analysis corresponded with a low particle mass concentration (6.4–7.5 µg m−3) and organic fraction (≈ 30 %). However, they also had the largest contribution of primary OA (HOA ≈ 4 % and BBOA 15–20 %), which was associated with local emissions. Continental air masses had the highest mass concentration (11.4–12.6 µg m−3) and a larger fraction of oxygenated OA (≈ 45 %) indicated highly processed OA. The present results emphasize the key role played by long-range transport processes not only on the OA fraction but also on the eBC mass concentration and the importance of improving our knowledge on the identification of eBC sources.
Contrasting late-glacial paleoceanographic evolution between the upper and lower continental slope of the western South Atlantic
Authors: Luz Leticia G. , Santos Thiago P. , Eglinton Timothy I. , Montluçon Daniel , Ausin Blanca , Haghipour Negar , Sousa Silvia M. , Nagai Renata H. , Carreira Renato S.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The number of sedimentary records collected along the
Brazilian continental margin has increased significantly in recent years,
but relatively few are located in shallow waters and register
paleoceanographic processes in the outer shelf–middle slope prior to 10–15 ka. For instance, the northward flow up to 23–24∘ S of
cold and fresh shelf waters sourced from the Subantarctic region is an
important feature of current hydrodynamics in the subtropical western South
Atlantic Ocean, and yet limited information is available for the long-term
changes of this system. Herein, we considered a suite of organic and
inorganic proxies – alkenones-derived sea surface temperature (SST),
δD-alkenones, δ18O of planktonic foraminifera, and
ice-volume free seawater δ18OIVF−SW – in sediment from
two cores (RJ-1501 and RJ-1502) collected off the Rio de Janeiro Shelf (SE
Brazilian continental shelf) to shed light on SST patterns and relative
salinity variations since the end of the last glacial cycle in the region
and the implications of these processes over a broader spatial scale. The
data indicate that, despite the proximity (∼40 km apart) of
both cores, apparently contradictory climatic evolution occurred at the two
sites, with the shallower (deeper) core RJ-1501 (RJ-1502) showing
consistently cold (warm) and fresh (salt) conditions toward the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and last deglaciation. This can be reconciled by considering that the RJ-1501 core registered a signal from mid- to high latitudes on the upper slope off Rio de Janeiro represented by the influence of the cold and fresh waters composed of Subantarctic Shelf Water and La Plata Plume Water transported northward by the Brazilian Coastal Current (BCC). The data from core RJ-1502 and previous information for deep-cores from the same region
support this interpretation. In addition, alkenone-derived SST and δ18OIVF−SW suggest a steep thermal and density gradient formed
between the BCC and Brazil Current (BC) during the last climate transition
which, in turn, may have generated perturbations in the air–sea heat flux
with consequences for the regional climate of SE South America. In a
scenario of future weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation, the reconstructed gradient may become a prominent feature of
the region.
Mapping soil slaking index and assessing the impact of management in a mixed agricultural landscape
Authors: Jones Edward J. , Filippi Patrick , Wittig Rémi , Fajardo Mario , Pino Vanessa , McBratney Alex B.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Soil aggregate stability is a useful indicator of soil physical health and can be used to monitor condition through time. A novel method to quantify soil aggregate stability, based on the relative increase in the footprint area of aggregates as they disintegrate when immersed in water, has been developed and can be performed using a smartphone application – SLAKES. In this study the SLAKES application was used to obtain slaking index (SI) values of topsoil samples (0 to 10 cm) at 158 sites to assess aggregate stability in a mixed agricultural landscape. A large range in SI values of 0 to 7.3 was observed. Soil properties and land use were found to be correlated with observed SI values. Soils with clay content > 25 % and CEC : clay ratio > 0.5 had the highest observed SI values. Variation in SI for these soils was driven by OC content which fit a segmented exponential decay function. An OC threshold of 1.1 % was observed below which the most extreme SI values were observed. Soils under dryland and irrigated cropping had lower OC content and higher observed SI values compared to soils under perennial cover. These results suggest that farm managers can mitigate the effects of extreme slaking by implementing management practices to increase OC content, such as minimum tillage or cover-cropping. A regression-kriging method utilising a Cubist model with a suite of spatial covariates was used to map SI across the study area. Accurate predictions were produced with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) giving an LCCC of 0.85 and an RMSE of 1.1. Similar validation metrics were observed in an independent test set of samples consisting of 50 observations (LCCC = 0.82; RMSE = 1.1). The potential impact of implementing management practices that promote soil OC sequestration on SI values in the study area was explored by simulating how a 1 % increase in OC would impact SI values at observation points, and then mapping this across the study area. Overall, the maps produced in this study have the potential to guide management decisions by identifying areas that currently experience extreme slaking, and those areas that are expected to have a significant reduction in slaking by increasing OC content.
The Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL) high-priority candidate mission
Authors: Kern Michael , Cullen Robert , Berruti Bruno , Bouffard Jerome , Casal Tania , Drinkwater Mark R. , Gabriele Antonio , Lecuyot Arnaud , Ludwig Michael , Midthassel Rolv , Navas Traver Ignacio , Parrinello Tommaso , Ressler Gerhard , Andersson Erik , Martin-Puig Cristina , Andersen Ole , Bartsch Annett , Farrell Sinead , Fleury Sara , Gascoin Simon , Guillot Amandine , Humbert Angelika , Rinne Eero , Shepherd Andrew , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Yackel John
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL) mission is one of
six high-priority candidate missions (HPCMs) under consideration by the European
Commission to enlarge the Copernicus Space Component. Together, the
high-priority candidate missions fill gaps in the measurement capability of
the existing Copernicus Space Component to address emerging and urgent user
requirements in relation to monitoring anthropogenic CO2 emissions,
polar environments, and land surfaces. The ambition is to enlarge the
Copernicus Space Component with the high-priority candidate missions in the
mid-2020s to provide enhanced continuity of services in synergy with the
next generation of the existing Copernicus Sentinel missions. CRISTAL will
carry a dual-frequency synthetic-aperture radar altimeter as its primary
payload for measuring surface height and a passive microwave radiometer to
support atmospheric corrections and surface-type classification. The
altimeter will have interferometric capabilities at Ku-band for improved
ground resolution and a second (non-interferometric) Ka-band frequency to
provide information on snow layer properties. This paper outlines the user
consultations that have supported expansion of the Copernicus Space
Component to include the high-priority candidate missions, describes the
primary and secondary objectives of the CRISTAL mission, identifies the key
contributions the CRISTAL mission will make, and presents a concept – as far
as it is already defined – for the mission payload.
Self-blame Attributions of Patients: a Systematic Review Study
Authors: Jannati Yadollah , Sharif Nia Hamid , Froelicher Erika Sivarajan , Goudarzian Amir Hossein , Yaghoobzadeh Ameneh
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Psychological aspects are important issues in patients that will have significant effects on disease progression. A new and important psychological concern is self-blame. This review was performed with the aim of systematic review on studies around patient’s self-blame.Methods: This is a systematic review using international databases including PubMed (since 1950), Scopus (since 2004), Web of Sciences (since 1900), and ProQuest (since 1938) and Iranian databases including SID (since 2004) and Magiran (since 2001). Mesh terms including “patient,” “regret,” and “guilt” and non-Mesh terms including “self-blame attribution,” “characterological self-blame,” “behavioral self-blame,” and “blame” were used in Iranian and international databases with OR and AND operators.Results: The review yielded 59 articles; 15 articles were included in the present study. The ages of patients ranged from 29-68.4 years. Most of studies (86.6%) had cross-sectional design and use characterological self-blame and behavioral self-blame variables for assessing self-blame attributions. The results showed that in most studies, a significant relationship among self-blame and psychological distress, anxiety, and depression were reported.Conclusion: A significant relation was reported between self-blaming and the degree of distress, anxiety, and depression in patients in most of the studies.
Confluencia de tradiciones en al-Andalus: Ibn al-Jaṭīb y su versión de la fábula griega de 'El lobo y el cordero' y del cuento oriental de 'El lobo y el carnero'
Authors: De Castro León Víctor
Published: July 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio es ofrecer la peculiar versión árabe de dos relatos de distinta procedencia recogidos por el visir granadino del siglo XIV Ibn al-Jaṭīb. El primero de ellos trata de la conocida fábula griega de “El lobo y el cordero” que forma parte de las colecciones clásicas esópicas y que fue incorporada por el visir granadino en su obra histórica Kitāb A´māl al-a´lām. El segundo relato trata del cuento de origen oriental de “El lobo y el carnero” hasta ahora solo existente en la obra castellana de El caballero Zifar (s. XIV), narración que fue incluida también por Ibn al-Jaṭīb en una supuesta carta enviada a Pedro I. El análisis de estos dos relatos pretende contribuir a reforzar la idea de la existencia de una intensa y fluida relación cultural entre las tradiciones literarias occidentales y orientales en la Península ibérica, especialmente durante los siglos XIII y XIV, que se manifiesta de manera clara en las distintas y peculiares versiones existentes de estos relatos.
La pobreza vivida. Experiencias de niños, niñas y adolescentes en Andalucía
Authors: Garrido Porras Antonio
Published: July 2020

Rodríguez García de Cortázar, Ainhoa (2020). La pobreza vivida. Experiencias de niños, niñas y adolescentes en Andalucía. Observatorio de la Infancia en Andalucía. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Consejería de Igualdad, Políticas Sociales y Conciliación. Junta de Andalucía, 169 págs. ISBN: 978-84-09-17063-0.

La pobreza vivida se inserta en esta nueva sociología de la infancia que la reconoce como un activo para el devenir social a partir de la inclusión de sus perspectivas y experiencias en el diagnóstico de la realidad y de su cooperación en la definición política y cultural de las respuestas colectivas a los retos contemporáneos. Se trata de un trabajo de especial interés para la gestiòn del conocimiento sobre la pobreza infantil e Andalucía y, particularmente relevante por el abordaje cualtitativo a través de las intervenciones de niños, niñas y adolescentes andaluces.
Alumnado que no sigue las actividades educativas: El caso de una escuela de alta complejidad durante el confinamiento por COVID-19
Authors: Fernández-Rodrigo Laura
Published: July 2020

El estudio tiene como objetivo describir la experiencia de una escuela pública de alta complejidad de educación infantil y primaria en Cataluña durante el estado de alarma y el confinamiento por COVID-19. El centro educativo tubo en cuenta las directrices del Departamento de Educación así como el contexto socioeconómico de las familias para adoptar medidas que favorecieran la comunicación y el seguimiento de la actividad escolar. Los resultados muestran que menos de la mitad del alumnado del centro de alta complejidad entrega las tareas escolares. Se proponen medidas a corto y a largo plazo para disminuir los factores de riesgo de los niños y niñas en situación de vulnerabilidad y mejorar su rendimiento académico.
40 días y 40 años. El confinamiento de la infancia más allá de la pandemia
Authors: Sanz Román Berta
Published: July 2020

El confinamiento de los niños y niñas a raíz de la pandemia ha despertado debates y reflexiones sobre cuál es su papel en la sociedad y en el espacio público. A través de una revista dirigida a mujeres, se han estudiado cuales son los espacios que han ido ocupando y desocupando los niños y niñas españoles en las últimas décadas. Así, el artículo muestra la enorme desconexión que existe hoy en día entre la infancia y la calle; cómo los niños y niñas han sido domesticados paulatinamente, ya que el hogar se ha convertido en el lugar por excelencia para la crianza, constantemente bajo la supervisión de un adulto. Además, cómo poco a poco, y de manera desapercibida, las calles han ido vaciándose de niños y niñas jugando a sus anchas para convertirse simplemente en un espacio de tránsito, siendo transportados de un sitio a otro por sus padres. Y por último, cómo la pérdida de la calle ha traído consigo la necesidad de crear espacios especiales para la infancia, alejados de cualquier riesgo y peligro. Se podría decir que este confinamiento es la expresión extrema de algo que empezó ya hace cuarenta años.
Tempos de isolamento social: Infâncias nos encontros virtuais
Authors: Marques Abreu Barbara Cecilia , Oliveira Frassão Magali
Published: July 2020

Trata-se de uma escrita breve, procurando atender a recente chemada para outras colaborações: COVID- 19, na qual narra-se alguns percursos de bebês e crianças em contato com a escola de educação infantil em período de isolamento social no contexto brasileiro. Neste sentido a escrita procura compartilhar anseios, questionamentos e algumas medidas adotadas pela escola, as estratégias utilizadas para a manutenção de vinculo com os bebês e crianças, assim como os fazeres, os momentos, e as ações e sentimentos dos pequenos em sua construção de infância neste pe´riodo tão peculiar que estamos vivendo.
Construyendo sobre arcoíris: apoyando la participación de niños, niñas y adolescentes en la configuración de respuestas al COVID-19
Authors: Del Moral-Espín Lucía , Larkins Cath
Published: July 2020

La participación de los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) en la toma de decisiones no es un lujo, es una medida de protección (Warrington y Larkins, 2019). NNA han demostrado repetidamente que ante situaciones de catástrofe, como terremotos, inundaciones o incendios, pueden hacer y, de hecho, hacen valiosísimas contribuciones para dar respuesta a los desastres y favorecer la reducción de los riesgos. Ante los desafíos planteados por las pandemia del covid-19, esta colaboración presenta las conclusiones de la primera fase (13-20 abril de 2020) de una encuesta online. Las personas informantes, 95 profesionales de 16 sectores diferentes, fueron contactados/as a través de redes de participación y derechos de la infancia en 20 países europeos, España entre ellos. Así  mismo, se desarrolló una discusión online focalizada con personas expertas de 16 países europeos para verificar los datos recogidos y recabar información adicional. A partir de los enlaces proporcionados en las respuestas a los formularios, se tuvo acceso a otras fuentes generadas directamente por NNA. Los datos recogidos presentan evidencias sobre las prácticas y las experiencias de NNA así como sobre el impacto y la configuración de las respuestas ante la pandemia Covid-19 y la participación de NNA en ellas en 20 países europeos.
Does listening to music in acute stroke improve outcomes? A single-blinded quasi-randomized pilot study
Authors: Hewitt Luisa , Sanctuary Colette , Vertigan E. Anne , Hubbard J. Isobel , Holliday G. Elizabeth , Pollack Michael
Published: July 2020

Evidence indicates that daily listening to music can improve outcomes in patients recovering from a recent stroke. This study investigated the feasibility and impact of music-listening in addition to standard stroke unit care. It was hypothesized that patients (N = 38) who listened to 70 hours of self-selected music via MP3 players in the first 12 weeks post stroke in addition to standard stroke unit care would experience improved outcomes compared with patients who received standard stroke care alone. Adherence was monitored via weekly diary entries with regular phone contact from researchers. This single-blinded, two armed quasi-randomized pilot study recruited adult participants diagnosed with a recent stroke (≤7 days). The primary outcomes were depression and cognition (memory and attention) at 3 month and the secondary outcomes were anxiety, language, disability and quality of life at 3 or 6 months. Of the 38 participants 11 had a prior history of stroke and 8 died during follow- up. There were no between-group differences in baseline characteristics and no between-group differences in any outcome over time. Adherence to the listening-to-music intervention was low (22.2%). This study demonstrates the feasibility of adding daily listening to music to standard stroke unit care. However, compliance was low. Although those in the intervention group reported that listening to music was a positive experience, it was not associated with any differences in outcomes of interest.
As relações entre público e privado e o romantismo na obra balzaquiana "A mulher de 30 anos"
Authors: Saraiva Jasmine Silva
Published: July 2020

O artigo propõe uma análise sobre como as relações entre espaço público e espaço privado durante o século XIX se expressam na narrativa de Balzac, principalmente seus personagens como sendo personificação dos ideais que esses espaços contemplam. Além disso, é feito um paralelo com o movimento do Romantismo e as particularidades de Balzac frente a essa tendência.
TERRA DAS MULHERES – A MATERNIDADE COMO TRAÇO NACIONALISTA E AS RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO
Authors: Machado Gislaine
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo pretende analisar como algumas das principais ideias recorrentes nos séculos XIX-XX são apresentadas na literatura da época. O livro analisado é Terra das Mulheres (1915), de Charlotte Perkins Gilman, uma utopia que trata sobre uma sociedade constituída apenas por mulheres, e que é descoberta por três exploradores. Ideias como civilização, imperialismo e nacionalismo podem ser percebidos ao longo da obra, além da questão de gênero e o lugar que as mulheres ocupavam na sociedade neste contexto.