bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthcare Revolution using AI-Driven Medibot for Contactless Medication Delivery in Hospital Wards Specifically for Communicable Diseases
Authors: Ray Diya , Agrawal Chitany , Kumar Neeraj , Dheivanai R. , Malhotra Isha
Published: June 2024

In an era marked by swift technological progress, the healthcare landscape is experiencing a significant change facilitated by the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic systems. This research paper introduces a ground-breaking strategy for medication administration within hospital wards, harnessing the power of AI to ensure the secure and timely delivery of medicines. At the core of this pioneering solution is a contactless delivery system, embodied in the form of a Medibot—an advanced robotic model equipped with the versatile Firebird V robot and precision arms to facilitate seamless pick-up and drop-off services for medication packages. The crux of this innovative approach lies in the integration of AI algorithms, meticulously balancing efficiency, safety, and adherence to medical protocols. The Medibot functions autonomously, relying on a structured database dynamically managing patient bed numbers and names. This automated control system ensures that prescribed medications, as directed by healthcare professionals, are delivered promptly and accurately to the designated recipients. The significance of this proposed system extends beyond operational benefits, offering simplicity, time-saving capabilities, and reduced dependence on human resources. Apart from operational advantages, the Medibot's activities can be externally monitored by human reception, enhancing transparency and accountability in medication delivery. In addition to its efficiency gains, the contactless delivery system outlined in this research serves as a strategic measure to mitigate the spread of communicable diseases within healthcare facilities. By minimizing human-to-human contact in the medication delivery process, the Medibot emerges as a pivotal ally in ensuring the safety of both patients and healthcare providers, presenting a healthcare revolution driven by AI for contactless medication delivery in hospital wards, specifically tailored to address communicable diseases.
Preparation Irinotecan Hydrochloride Loaded PEGylated Liposomes Using Novel Method Supercritical Fluid and Condition Optimized by Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Mohammadi Misagh , Karimi Mehrnaz , Raofie Farhad
Published: June 2024

A semi-synthetic camptothecin derivative known as irinotecan hydrochloride is frequently used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC), including colorectal adenocarcinoma and lung cancers involving small cells. Irinotecan has a very short half-life; therefore, continuous infusions are required to keep the drug's blood levels at therapeutic levels, which could produce cumulative toxicities. Effective delivery techniques, including liposomes, have been developed to address these shortcomings. In this study, a continuous supercritical fluid approach dubbed Expansion Supercritical Fluid into an aqueous solution (ESSAS), in which the pressure decreases rapidly but remains over the critical pressure, is proposed to manufacture polyethylene glycolylated (PEGylated) liposomes carrying irinotecan hydrochloride. To accomplish this, PEGylated liposomes were created using a Box-Behnken design, and the operating parameters (flow rate, temperature, and pressure drop) were optimized. Encapsulation efficiency, mean size, and prepared liposome count were 94.6%, 55 nm, and 758 under ideal circumstances. Additionally, the stability of the PEGylated liposome was investigated during 8 weeks, and also PEGylated liposome-loaded irinotecan release profile was compared to conventional liposomes and free irinotecan, and a constant drug release was seen after the first burst release from liposomes.
Gut microbiota composition and functional classification in preschool children with allergic rhinitis and functional constipation
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Wang Chunyan , Yang Weikeng , Meng Dongming , Kong Wei , Xu Lili , Wu Bin , Huang Congfu
Published: June 2024

Objective
Studies suggest that functional constipation (FC) is more common in preschool children with allergic rhinitis (AR) compared to those without. FC can significantly impact a child's quality of life. This study investigated the relationship between AR and FC in children diagnosed with both conditions (disease group) and a healthy control group. We compared the gut microbiota (GM) composition of children in both groups.
Methods
The 16S rRNA sequencing technology was employed to compare the GMsequencing results of 32 children with AR and FC and 21 healthy children.
Results
Compared with the healthy group: 1) the GM α-diversity in the disease group was significantly higher (P=0.014); 2) At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes (P<0.05) decreased significantly, while that of Proteobateria was increased significantly in the disease group (P<0.05); 3) At the genus (species) level, the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Veillonella (Veillonella_parvula, Veillonella_dispar), Escherichia/Shigella, Klebsiella (Klebsiella_pneumoniae) ,Streptococcus, Escherichia/Shigella and Bacteroides_thetaiotaomicron increased (P<0.05), but the abundance of Bacteroides (Bacteroides_uniformis), Faecalibacterium (Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii), Ruminococcus, Kineothrix (Kineothrix_alysoides), Anaerostipes (Anaerostipes_hadrus) and Bifidobacterium_longum decreased significantly in disease group (P<0.05). 4) The abundance of functional pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, Transport_and_Catabolism, Endocrine_System, Nervous_System, Metabolic_Diseases and Immune_System were significantly decreased. 5) Furthermore, GM was found to be correlated with the clinical features of the disease group.
Conclusion
Analysis of the GM composition and function in the disease group suggests that supplementing the disease group with probiotics that produce butyric acid and dietary fiber (prebiotics) may correct dysregulation of GM, thereby improve AR and FC symptoms.
Association between weight-adjusted waist index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2013-2018
Authors: Wang Hongjin , Chen Weiming , Guo Feilong , Xu Zengkai , Luo Xin , Wu Jiahuang , Zhu Yong , Wang Zhisheng
Published: June 2024

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a recently developed index for measuring adiposity, but the relationship between the WWI and COPD has not been well studied. This study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between these two health variables.
Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2018. The WWI was calculated as waist circumference divided by the square root of weight. Multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the association between the WWI and COPD incidence, and subgroup analysis was performed to identify sensitive cohorts. Smoothing curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were conducted to assess possible nonlinear relationships.
Results: A total of 15,278 participants were included. Participants in the higher WWI tertile tended to have a greater incidence of COPD. Compared to body mass index and waist circumference, the correlation between the WWI and COPD incidence has better discrimination and accuracy. In the final adjusted model, a positive association between the WWI and COPD incidence was observed (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.48–1.95). Participants in the highest WWI quartile had a 290% greater risk of COPD than did those in the lowest WWI tertile (OR = 3.90, 95% CI: 2.60–5.86). A nonlinear correlation was found between the WWI and COPD incidence, with an inflection point of 12.54. Subgroup analysis revealed that the relationship was significant in all subgroups.
Conclusion: Compared with BMI and WC, WWI was related to an increased likelihood of COPD and had a stronger relationship with COPD incidence. Our findings indicated that the WWI could be a cost-effective and simple way to detect COPD.
treeXnets: Comparing Federated Tree-BasedModels and Neural Networks on Tabular Data
Authors: Lindskog-Münzing William , Prehofer Christian
Published: June 2024

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-aware machine learning paradigm. It was initially designed to fit parametric models, namely Neural Networks (NNs) and thus, it has excelled on image, audio and text tasks. However, FL for tabular data still receives little attention. Tree-Based Models (TBMs) perform better than NNs on tabular data in a centralized setting, and are starting to see FL integrations. In this paper, we evaluate federated TBMs and NNs for horizontal FL, with varying data partitions, on 31 datasets. We propose treesXnets - a unified benchmarking tool for federated evaluation. treesXnets’ results capture model performance, e.g. accuracy, communication effort, model training duration, and device utilization. A cyclic implementation of federated XGBoost is the best performing model, outperforming the best federated NNs with 5-10% in terms of accuracy and regression error. It is also faster, requires less communication and memory than other federated XGBoost models.
Enhancing Visual Perception for People with Blindness: A Feasibility Study of a 12-Channel Forehead ElectroTactile Stimulator with a Stereo Camera
Authors: Shin Kiyoung , Lee Mincheol , Chang Minhye , Bae Young Min , Chang Wonsuk , Kim Young-Jin
Published: June 2024

Background
Although many alternative visual technologies for the visually impaired have been studied, no system has been developed that provides distance information on multiple objects in front of a person with blindness while in a walking environment via electrotactile stimulation. Therefore, we studied the feasibility of a 12-channel electrotactile stimulator (Forehead ElectroTactile Stimulator [FETS]) designed for those with visual impairment. It used a stereo camera to capture depth information and adjusted the voltage output for each channel. It also used a deep-learning algorithm to identify objects and converted this information into speech.
Methods
Medical-grade SUS316 surface electrodes were mounted on a flexible silicone pad to increase the contact area with the forehead. The stimulator delivered pulsed voltages up to ± 25 V, adjustable in 2.5-V increments. The pulsed voltage parameters were set to activate A-beta nerve fibers without activating pain-related A-delta and C nerve fibers. The stereo camera captured depth information from 1 to 3 m, focusing on the proximity to the user. YOLOv8 was used to detect objects from the input video in real-time and convert the results into speech via text-to-speech (TTS).
Results
The developed FETS could output voltages from 0 to 25 V in 100 steps via Bluetooth communication, and the maximum standard deviation of the actual output voltage from the set voltage was 0.71 V. The FETS output voltage intensity was adjustable in real time according to the distance to the object captured by the stereo camera. The FETS could recognize objects in front of the user upon request and provided voice guidance through TTS.
Conclusion
We conducted this feasibility study to enhance the vision of people with visual impairment by applying a stereo camera and electrotactile stimulation to their foreheads. Information about the distance to the object acquired through the stereo camera was implemented by adjusting the output voltage according to the distance from the electrotactile stimulator. The object was identified through an artificial-intelligence algorithm and delivered by voice. However, the threshold voltage and just noticeable difference values are not the same for each person; therefore, further research is needed.
Machine-Learning Based Prediction Model for Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Multiple Wasp Stings: Incorporating Four Admission Clinical Indices
Authors: Wu Wen , Zhang Yupei , Zhang Yilan , Qu Xingguang , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhang Rong
Published: June 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) following multiple wasp stings is a severe complication with potentially poor outcomes. Despite extensive research on AKI's risk factors, predictive models for wasp sting-related AKI are limited. This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning-based clinical prediction model for AKI in individuals with wasp stings. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 214 patients with wasp sting injuries. Among these patients, 34.6% (74/214) developed AKI. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis, the number of stings, presence of gross hematuria, systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and platelet count were identified as prognostic factors. A nomogram was constructed and evaluated for its predictive accuracy, showing an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.757 (95% CI 0.711 to 0.804) and a concordance index (C-index) of 0.75. The model's performance was assessed through internal validation, leave-one-out cross-validation, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Validation confirmed the model's reliability and superior discrimination ability over existing models, as demonstrated by NRI, IDI, and DCA. This nomogram accurately predicts the risk of AKI in wasp sting patients, facilitating early identification and management of those at risk.
Ureteroscopic Techniques and Anatomic Sites Associated with Periods of Elevated Intrarenal Pressure
Authors: Chartier Alexander , Nahhas Nathan , Chadha Priyal , Byler Timothy , Wiener Scott
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To describe how ureteroscopic maneuvers, lithotripsy techniques, and anatomic positioning influence pressure readings using a pressure-sensing single-use ureteroscope.
Methods: Single surgeon retrospective case series of ureteroscopy procedures during a pre-market release of the LithoVue™ Elite system from June - July, 2023. Video and pressure recordings correlated pre-defined procedural events (such as anatomic location, lithotripsy technique) to the corresponding pressure. Binary logistic regression and linear regression were performed to assess for predictors of overpressure events (≥2 seconds at ≥40 mmHg) and to assess the relative contribution of each variable to pressure during such events.
Results: 7 of 11 (64%) cases had satisfactory data for review. Of 163 minutes of pressure tracings, over-pressure was 5.8 minutes (8.7%) at 70.7 ± 49.8 mmHg for hand-pump irrigation and 6.8 minutes (8.0%) at 78.6 ± 45.7 mmHg for automated pressure irrigation. Adjusting for irrigation technique, lithotripsy technique, and anatomic location, a logistic regression found that overpressure events were less likely when using an access sheath, dusting, or fragmenting but more likely when using a pressure management system or if in a non-calyceal location. The contribution of each variable during an overpressure event was assessed by linear regression.
Conclusions: Use of an access sheath and hand-pump irrigation was shown to decrease likelihood of an overpressure event. Various lithotripsy techniques were not associated with overpressure events. Operating within a calyx is generally protective of overpressure events. Further prospective, blinded, studies will allow for more accurate interpretation of pressure tracings and correlation to clinical outcomes.
Identification and validation of oxidative stress-related genes in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Dong Songwu , Yan Aidi , Zhang Jing , Ning Bin
Published: June 2024

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) significantly elevates the risk of ischemic stroke.The upsurge in cardiovascular diseases associated with aging is, in part, attributed to oxidative stress.The objective of this research was to discover key genes associated with oxidative stress (OSGs) that could be used as biomarkers for diagnosing AF using bioinformatics analysis.
Methods: Utilizing the AmiGO 2 database, cellular OSGs were identified.The AF patient datasets GSE115574 and GSE79768 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GSE115574 was designated as the training set, while GSE79768 served as the validation set. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with AF were identified specifically from the GSE115574 dataset. DEOSGs resulted from the intersection of OSGs and DEGs, followed by bioinformatics analysis to determine hub genes. Potential diagnostic genes were identified through analyses of gene expression, ROC curves, and nomograms. The miRNA-diagnosis gene regulatory network was established. Finally, targeted drug predictions were conducted.
Results: A total of 339 DEGs were identified from GSE115574, and 452 OSGs were obtained from the AmiGO 2 database. The intersection of DEGs and OSGs comprised 18 DEOSGs, including 12 oxidative stress-suppressor genes and 6 oxidative stress-inducible genes. Ten hub genes, namely JUN, ADIPOQ, AREG, COL1A1, FOS, IL6, KLF4, NR4A2, SOD2, and UCP2, were chosen. Additionally, five diagnostic genes—JUN, AREG, KLF4, SOD2, and UCP2—were identified. ROC analysis revealed the area under the curves (AUCs) of KLF4, JUN, UCP2, AREG, and SOD2 to be 0.733, 0.800, 0.760, 0.684, and 0.640 in the GSE115574 and 0.833, 0.786, 0.667, 0.952, and 0.786 in the GSE79768 dataset. Lastly, leveraging these five diagnostic genes, we identified potential drugs, such as 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine, for targeting oxidative stress-related AF treatment.
Conclusion: The study findings suggest a significant involvement of OSGs in AF. JUN, AREG, KLF4, SOD2, and UCP2 emerge as potential specific biomarkers for early AF diagnosis and therapeutic targeting.
Establishing reproductive seasons for the conservation of a critically endangered mountain ungulate – The Kashmir red deer Cervus hanglu
Authors: Srivast Tanushree , Hameed Javaid , Kumar Vinod , Segu Harika , Narayan Sneha , John Moomin , Vasudevan Karthikeyan , Umapathy Govindhaswamy
Published: June 2024

Ungulates living in seasonal environments adopt complex life history strategies to cope with pronounced temporal and spatial variability in environmental conditions and resource availability. Understanding the reproductive strategies of slow-breeding mountain ungulates and the associated stress, particularly in the context of human- and climate-induced changes is crucial to devising effective long-term management and conservation strategies. We investigated the patterns in reproductive seasonality and stress in hangul in Kashmir Himalaya, India. We used fecal metabolite concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and glucocorticoids to discern reproductive stages and stress levels. We showed that female hangul exhibited dispersed mating and birth patterns, while males experienced a more synchronized rutting season from October to December. Elevated progestogen levels in females from January to March suggested pregnancies, with low levels in May indicating parturition. Both females and males exhibited mating-related stress. Females also showed parturition-related stress in May, with a spike in males may be due to disturbances from migratory livestock herders’ movements and needs further investigation. The study generates a baseline for captive breeding programs in future and suggests minimizing the anthropogenic disturbances during the times of mating and parturition, both being critical for the population growth of this critically endangered species.
Sniffing at the river bottom: Influence of olfactory organ morphology on the life habits of freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygoninae)
Authors: Shibuya Akemi , Machado Rubia , Duncan Wallice
Published: June 2024

The olfaction in batoids have an important role for initial detection of the chemical stimulus produced by prey during the foraging activities. Herein, the morphological and histological description of primary lamellae and secondary folds of olfactory rosettes is given to four species from Rio Negro basin. A simpler structure of olfactory organs in Paratrygon sp. does not indicate a primary sensory role during the initial phase of its feeding behavior. In Potamotrygon wallacei, the largest surface area of primary lamellae suggests enhanced olfactory sensitivity related to its generalist feeding habits and complex substrate exploration. Histological analysis revealed differences in epithelial cell composition among species, with variations in the secondary folds shape and the distribution of mucous cells. The simplicity of secondary folds in both Paratrygon sp. and Potamotrygon orbignyi probably is related to their specialized feeding habits, requiring fewer adaptations to detect different types of chemical stimuli. A central muscular layer in primary lamellae was observed only to P. motoro and P. wallacei and indicates a capacity to expand the olfactory epithelium area. These findings provide insights into the functional morphology of olfactory organs in potamotrygonin stingrays and their ecological implications, evidencing the intricate sensory adaptations crucial for foraging success in diverse freshwater habitats. Additionally, it becomes necessary to take into account the contribution of all sensory systems to understand their foraging behavior. Nonetheless, the generalization of the morphological characteristics of olfactory organ in a potamotrygonin species requires caution, since morphological variations can be found, especially to widespread species.
Impact of American Thyroid Association's Revised Cancer Management Guidelines on Thyroid Cancer Incidence Trends: A SEER Database Study, 2000-2020
Authors: Fwelo Pierre , Heredia Natalia I. , Li Ruosha , Du Xianglin L.
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The past four decades have seen a steady increase in thyroid cancer in the US. This study investigated the impact of the American Thyroid Association’s (ATA) revised cancer management guidelines on thyroid cancer incidence trends and how the trends varied by socioeconomic, histologic, geographic, and racial and ethnic characteristics from 2000 to 2020.
Methods
We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify thyroid cancer cases diagnosed among US patients between 2000 and 2020. We employed Joinpoint Regression software to fit, assess, and compare thyroid cancer incidence trends over time stratified by socioeconomic status (SES), histologic type, geographic location, and race/ethnicity.
Results
Between 2000 and 2009, there was an average annual increase of 5.8% in thyroid cancer incidence [Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC): 5.8, p < 0.05). Subsequently, there was a modest rise (AAPC: 1.1, p < 0.05) from 2010 to 2015, followed by a significant annual decrease of 4.8% from 2016 to 2020 (AAPC: -4.8, p < 0.05). The joinpoint regression models identified prominent inflection points around 2009 and 2015, aligning with the years of ATA’s cancer management revisions. These intricate dynamics in thyroid cancer incidence trends from 2000 to 2020 were shaped by SES, histologic, geographic, and racial/ethnic factors.
Conclusions
Thyroid cancer incidence trends over the past two decades can be partially explained by the changes in thyroid cancer screening and management recommendations. These findings underscore the importance of cancer management strategies and highlight the need for targeted interventions to address disparities in thyroid cancer incidence across minority demographic groups.
Network pharmacology reveals physiological manifestations of viperid envenomation and role of nitric oxide in their treatment
Authors: Sindhu Madhu , Thakur Umesh , Latwal Shiwani , Muwal Diksha , Rao Anju
Published: June 2024

Snakebite envenomations pose significant global health challenges with limited effective treatments available. The complex physiological manifestations induced by snake venoms, such as hypoxia, vasoconstriction, and pain, have not fully deciphered at the genetic level. This study employs network pharmacology combined with gene expression analysis to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying these interventions, and to explore nitric oxide as potential therapeutic target for snakebites. We used NCBI and GeneCards databases to collect the gene expression profile and therapeutic targets for snake bites. We identified that upregulation of genes like HIF1A and HIF3A, and downregulation of EGFA indicate responses to venom induced hypoxia. Change in expression of phospholipases and KNG1 suggests alteration in mechanisms involved in vasoconstriction. The increase in expression of cytokines and PTGS2 potentially linked to inflammation and pain induction. We identified 100 nitric oxide-related genes in mouse including 20 key genes directly involved in these responses to envenomation. The protein-protein interaction analysis through Cytoscape indicates that nitric oxide could play pivotal role in neutralizing venom effects. We identified MAFK as master regulator in nitric oxide associated genes set. Our observations highlight a previously unrecognized patterns of gene expression linked to hypoxia, vasoconstriction, and pain, and lays the groundwork for innovative approaches for treating snakebites.
p-n junction induced space-charged localization of single-atom catalysts for boosting oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: He Guanjie , Li Zheng , Wang Qiyou , Wang Mengran , Cheng Hao , Lu Yao , Chen Jian , Zhang Wei , Zheng Jingqiang , Zheng Lirong , Hu Shiwei , Tian Zhongliang
Published: June 2024

The M-Nx single-atom catalysts (SACs) are critical for efficient energy conversion technologies. However, most SACs with M-Nx moiety (M: Fe, Co, or/and Mn) suffer the strong binding ability with OH* intermediates in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which becomes a bottleneck in accelerating the kinetics. Herein, a universal “space-charged localization effect” strategy is proposed by constructing a p-n junction, where an n-type ZnS semiconductor longitudinally bridges with p-type M-Nx moiety to weaken the interaction of M-Nx with OH*. As expected, the a-ZnS/Fe-NSC electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable intrinsic activity in alkaline media with a half-wave potential of 0.90 V vs. RHE, and long-term durability (a shift of only 10 mV in E1/2 after 8,000 cycles). This phenomenon can be ascribed to the optimization of electronic structure, the S-MN4 site can effectively activate the M center with the intermediate spin state which possesses one eg electron (t2g4 eg1) readily penetrating the antibonding π-orbital of oxygen. Moreover, it offers a superior power density and higher discharge voltage in Al-air batteries. This universal strategy provides a rational perspective for the design of SACs and electronic structure engineering to construct robust active sites for high-performance oxygen reduction.
Quadra-Boost Switched Capacitor Inverter (QBSCI) Topology With Reduced Components and On State Switches With Minimum Total Blocking Voltage
Authors: Arun Vijayakumar , Prabhu Sundaramoorthy
Published: June 2024

Switched Capacitors are an effective way to reach greater voltage levels while reducing the requirement for numerous DC sources by maximizing the stored energy in capacitors. However, establishing Multi-Level Inverters (MLIs) with minimal sources, switches, and capacitors is a significant challenge. This paper describes a novel boost-type multilevel inverter known as the “Quadra-Boost Switched Capacitor Inverter" (QBSCI). This arrangement significantly decreases the overall quantity of components as well as on-state switches, resulting in lower losses and enhance the efficiency. The suggested architecture has various benefits, such as a fourfold rise in voltage capacity, decreased overall blocking voltage and self-balancing capacitor voltages. An elegant series-and-parallel connection of switching capacitors forms the foundation of the structure. This study focuses on operational concepts, including the process of maintaining capacitor voltage balance. Its superior performance is confirmed by extensive comparisons with state-of-the-art alternatives and rigorous loss studies. Simulation findings for numerous test situations, as well as experimental data from a well-equipped laboratory, support the suggested QBSCI's performance. This study highlights the QBSCI's capacity to handle the issues of high-voltage MLIs while reducing component count and increasing efficiency.
Folate receptor-targeted Camptothecin-loaded PLGA-Glutenin nanoparticles for effective breast cancer treatment
Authors: Rajeshkumar Raja Rajeswari , Panneerselvam Theivendren , Pavadai Parasuraman , Pandian Sureshbabu Ram Kumar , Krishnakumar A. Santhana , Sankaranarayan Murugesan , Kabilan Shanmugampillai Jeyarajaguru , Kunjiappan Selvaraj
Published: June 2024

The combination of natural and synthetic polymers for nanomedicine development had many advantages, including less toxicity, biocompatibility, prolonged circulation, higher stability, and ease of surface modification. Here, a novel folic acid-conjugated Camptothecin-loaded-poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid-glutenin nanoparticles (FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs) was fabricated to treat breast cancer. FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs target breast cancer cells via upregulated folate receptors and delivered their toxic payloads without disrupting healthy cells. First, CPT-loaded PLGA NPs were created using a modified emulsification/evaporation technique. Second, Glu-based CPT-PLGA NPs were synthesized using a layer-by-layer assembly, and their physiochemical properties were validated. CPT encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity into PLGA-Glu NPs were 74.95 ± 1.34% and 4.78 ± 1.08%, respectively. CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs exhibited sustained and controlled release of loaded-CPT from NPs, and the highest content was released in an acidic environment (pH 5.3), which will be advantageous for cancer treatment. Later, FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs were synthesized by simple conjugation chemistry. The fabricated FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs were around 100 nm in size, with a spherical form and crystalline nature. FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs show strong cytotoxicity activity, and its IC50 value was 16.33 µg × mL− 1 against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). This folate-receptor-targeted NPs are more effectively internalized into MCF-7 cells, causing ROS generation, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis. The activity of caspase-3 and − 9 causes MCF-7 cells apoptosis by internalized CPT. Further, internalized CPT induces potential loss of mitochondrial transmembrane and damages the nuclear integrity of the cancer cells. These results showed that the FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs target upregulated folate receptors on the surface of MCF-7 cells.
Harmonizing Aerodynamic Efficiency, Stability, and Acoustic Excellence: Multi-Objective Optimization for Electric Vehicle Rear-End Design
Authors: Beigmoradi Sajjad
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the automotive field has exposed a significant surge in electrification, presenting a pivotal solution to environmental concerns. However, addressing the challenge of driving mileage remains a critical aspect in the realm of electric vehicles (EVs). Among the various factors influencing battery energy consumption during operation, aerodynamic force emerges as a primary contributor. Mitigating this force holds the key to substantial improvements in driving mileage, making it a focal point of exploration in this research. The impact of aerodynamic force extends beyond mere energy consumption; it intricately influences battery size, vehicle mileage, performance, stability, and passenger comfort. Navigating this multifaceted terrain poses a formidable challenge for automotive engineers engaged in the development of electric vehicles. This study undertakes the optimization of rear-end design factors for a hatchback electric vehicle, specifically addressing drag, lift, and aerodynamic noise objectives. Five critical geometric factors of the rear end – Rear Spoiler Length, Rear Spoiler Angle, Rear Diffuser Angle, Boat Tail Angle, and 5th Door Height – are identified as key design parameters. The interplay of these factors and their impact on objectives is systematically investigated through a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. To enhance the efficiency of the investigation, a fractional factorial design method is utilized, effectively reducing the number of individual case studies. The formulation of regression equations, capturing the essence of significant terms for each objective, lays the groundwork for a subsequent multi-objective optimization process. This optimization, driven by the maximization of a composite desirability function, identifies optimal levels for each design factor. The research culminates in the selection of a model with optimum rear-end factors based on a comprehensive evaluation of drag, lift, and aerodynamic noise objectives. The aerodynamic performance surrounding this optimal model is intricately described, offering valuable insights into the holistic impact of the chosen design parameters on the electric vehicle's aerodynamics.
Generative AI-based Style Recommendation Using Fashion ItemDetection and Classification
Authors: Kalinin Aleksandr , Jafari Akbar Anbar , Avots Egils , Ozcinar Cagri , Anbarjafari Gholamreza
Published: June 2024

This research work focuses on the creation of a cutting-edge style recommendation system that uses generative AI and deep learning approaches to analyse fashion photos. The system is intended to process input images, such as selfies or studio-quality photos, and output a text file with extensive feedback on the individual's style and suggestions for improvement. The system consists of two main components: the YOLOv8 convolutional neural network, which detects and crops clothing items, and the GPT-4.0 large language model, which generates informative style commentary and recommendations. YOLOv8 is briefly trained on a specific dataset to improve its performance in recognising 10 different types of clothes, while GPT-4.0, which is accessible via the OpenAI API, is charged with giving cohesive and short style suggestions. To evaluate the success of the suggested solution, real experimental trials were conducted at many events in Madrid and Tallinn. Three well-known AI models were used for comparison: OpenAI's GPT-4.0 Vision, Google's Gemini 1.5 Pro, and Anthropic's Claude 3 - Opus. Participants judged the quality of each model's fashion recommendations. The results showed that GPT-4.0 Vision and Gemini 1.5 Pro had comparable average ratings, indicating higher perceived quality than Claude 3 - Opus. This research work demonstrates how cutting-edge computer vision and natural language processing technology may transform personalised fashion advising services, improving accuracy and relevance of style recommendations.
Batch-Transformer for Scene Text Image Super Resolution
Authors: Sun Yaqi , Xie Xiaolan , Li Zhi
Published: June 2024

Recognizing low-resolution text images is challenging as they often lose their detailed information, leading to poor recognition accuracy. Moreover, the traditional methods, based on deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), are not effective enough for some low-resolution text images with dense characters. In this paper, a novel CNN-based Batch-Transformer network for Scene Text Image Super Resolution (BT-STISR) method is proposed to address this problem. In order to obtain the text information for text reconstruction, a pre-trained text prior module is employed to extract text information. Then a novel two pipeline batch transformer-based module is proposed, leveraging self-attention and global attention mechanisms to exert the guidance of text prior to the text reconstruction process. Experimental study on a benchmark dataset TextZoom shows that the proposed method BT-STISR achieves the best state-of-the-art performance in terms of Structural Similarity (SSIM) and Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) metrics compared to some latest methods.
Pore Space Partition in Rigid Metal-Organic Frameworks Containing Organic Vertices for Trace Benzene Adsorption
Authors: Yang Huajun , Zhang Yingying , Xue Chaozhuang , Fang Zhi , Huang Yexin , Li Hui , Qi Yuqing , Zhu Kai , Gan Lei , Peng Fang , Huang Hongliang
Published: June 2024

The physical adsorbents have shown great promise for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene but they still suffer from low uptake and poor selectivity especially when VOCs are present at trace concentrations. In this work, we demonstrate the successful implementation of pore-space-partition (PSP) strategy on rigid NU-1500-type metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) containing organic vertices, which has led to a series of MOFs with near-organic backbones (metal mass fraction as low as 5%) and record trace benzene adsorption. The PSP on rigid acs MOFs here relies on precise size match and symmetry match between the partitioning ligands and the frameworks. NNM-750-Fe, a structure constructed by partitioning NU-1500 with large π-conjugated hexaazaphenalene-based ligand, exhibits significantly enhanced low-pressure benzene capture than NU-1500-Fe, which far exceeds previous records (42%-69% higher) at a wide pressure range (P/P0 from 0.003 to 0.01). DFT calculations reveal that the hexaazaphenalene core has a higher benzene affinity than the open metal sites in pristine NU-1500.
The comparison of spinal anesthesia with general anesthesia on the postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements after elective lower abdominal surgery
Authors: Rafeh Leen Tawfek Abo , Dandashli Sabah
Published: June 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare postoperative pain scores.
Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study at Al-Zahrawi Hospital on 120 female patients classified 1 and 2 according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists undergoing lower abdominal surgery. The study was conducted during the period of 1/1/2024 and 5/1/2024, and pain scores and vital measures were recorded after 2 and 4. 6 and 12 hours after surgery, the length of stay in the hospital, the recovery period, and complications were recorded, and the variables studied were compared according to the type of anesthesia.
Results: Patients in the SA group had significantly lower postoperative pain scores at rest (3.5±1.5 and 4.3±1.4 at 2 and 4 hours postoperatively versus 5.3±1.6 and 6±1.2 in the GA group with (P < 0.05) However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for postoperative pain scores at 6 and 12 hours after surgery. The amount of morphine requirements at 6 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in the SA group (10.3 ± 4.5 mg vs. 14.6 ± 1.1 mg) in the GA group with P < 0.05), there were no statistically significant differences between the length of hospital stay between the two groups (1.9 ± 0.7 vs. 2.3 ± 1.1 days).
Conclusion: Although patients undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery with spinal anesthesia may have lower pain scores and lower morphine requirements in the first 6 hours after surgery, thereafter there were no significant differences in pain scores depending on the type of anesthesia.
Modified Alpha Power Transformed Inverse Power Lomax Distribution with appllications
Authors: AKUESON Gildas Adoté hervé , Bogninou Mahoulé Jude , Akossou Arcadius Yves Justin
Published: June 2024

In this research, we introduce a groundbreaking distribution, termed the Modified Alpha Power Transformed Inverse Power Lomax Distribution (MAPT-IPLD), which offers a fresh perspective for modeling intricate datasets. By ingeniously amalgamating the modified alpha power transformation with the inverse power Lomax distribution, we have crafted a versatile and robust distribution family. We conduct a comprehensive examination of the theoretical characteristics of the MAPT-IPLD distribution, encompassing stochastic functions, quantile functions, measures, generic moments, probability-weighted moments, and Rényi entropy. .To showcase the practical utility of the MAPT-IPLD distribution, we apply it to diverse real-world datasets, demonstrating its efficacy in accurately capturing a wide array of phenomena. Through comparative analyses with existing models, we underscore its potential as a versatile tool for various statistical applications.In essence, the Modified Alpha Power Transformed Inverse Power Lomax Distribution represents a pioneering approach to statistical modeling, offering unparalleled flexibility and robust performance across a multitude of domains.
Testing the weak-form efficiency of Arab stock markets after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Waleed Alrabadi Hanna , Salameh Al-Qadi Naim
Published: June 2024

Weak-form efficiency means that stock prices should reflect all historical information and follow a random walk. This study examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the stock market weak-form efficiency of Arab countries, namely, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Syria, Tunisia, and Sudan. Daily data from July 1st, 2021 to November 12th, 2022 (370 trading days) are used to cover the period after starting the pandemic. The variance ratio and the runs test are used to test return predictability. The results show that the variance ratio values of Boursa Kuwait, the Egyptian Exchange, Tadawul, and the Amman Stock Exchange are statistically significant, indicating that their returns are unpredictable. In specific, the indices of these stock markets follow a random walk, and their price changes are independent. This is evidence that these stock markets are efficient at a weak level. In contrast, the insignificant values of the variance ratio indicate that returns are predictable in other Arab stock exchanges after the pandemic era. The findings of the Egyptian Exchange, Tadawul, and the Amman Stock Exchange are confirmed using the run test of weak-form efficiency. It reveals that the indices of these stock exchanges follow a random walk, while the indices of other Arab stock markets do not.
A new ceramic microfiltration membrane based on olive seeds: development and characterization
Authors: Addich Mourad , Fatni Abdelilah , Bouzrour Siham , Thandapani Gomathi , El Baraka Noureddine , Laknifli Abdellatif
Published: June 2024

The development of low-cost methods for wastewater treatment and the separation of oil-in-water emulsions is of considerable significance. Recently, natural material-based, inexpensive membranes have become a hot area of research. In this work, natural olive seeds were used to develop a novel ceramic membrane support. With the oil filtration process in place, the choice was reached to utilize the olive kernels’ beneficial qualities best. The process involved blending plastic paste with water and organic ingredients, followed by extruding the resulting paste into a porous tubular. After firing at 200 °C/2 h, the membrane's water permeability and porosity were 1,852 L/h m2 bar and 45%, respectively, and its average pore width varied from 2 to 15 μm. The efficiency of the microfiltration membrane in separating oil-in-water emulsions was assessed using two test solutions containing oil concentrations of 500 and 1,000 mg/L. Under a transmembrane pressure of 1 bar, the membrane exhibited exceptional permeate flux exceeding 200 L/m2 h, along with a high oil rejection rate of over 96% across all feed concentrations.
Nitrogen recovery from reject water for improved sustainability of wastewater treatment
Authors: Jönsson Hakan , Malovanyy Andriy , Tumlin Susanne
Published: June 2024

Flows of reactive nitrogen (Nr) and greenhouse gas emissions from society are exceeding planetary boundaries, posing a serious risk to the stability of living conditions on Earth. Wastewater contains the largest flows of Nr in urban society, so recycling Nr from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could reduce the climate impact and the need for new Nr. The reject water from dewatering anaerobically digested sludge contains high concentrations of Nr and recovery of this Nr would decrease the load on biological nitrogen removal processes, and thus nitrous oxide emissions. Simultaneously, the need for external carbon sources and energy for aeration will decrease. In a case study at Rya WWTP in Gothenburg, Sweden, three Nr recovery technologies were investigated: (1) conventional ammonia stripping to ammonium sulphate; (2) thermal stripping to ammonium sulphate and (3) distillation of ammonia from reject water to ammonia water. All three technologies were found to decrease the climate impact compared with the removal processes currently used at Rya WWTP for the removal of Nr. Recovery by distillation to ammonia water had the lowest climate impact, while conventional stripping minimised the energy requirement.
Evaluation of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Response in Rectal Cancer
Using MR Images and Deep Learning Neural Networks
Authors: Cingoz Eda , Ertas Gokhan , Kaval Gizem , Azamat Sena , Karaman Sule , Kulle Cemil Burak , Berker Neslihan , Cingöz Mehmet , Dagoglu Sakin Nergiz , Comert Rana Gunoz , Buyuk Melek , Kartal Merve Gulbiz Dagoglu
Published: June 2024

Introduction::

The aim of the study was to develop deep-learning neural networks to guide treatment decisions and for the accurate evaluation of tumor response
to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in rectal cancer using magnetic resonance (MR) images.

Methods::

Fifty-nine tumors with stage 2 or 3 rectal cancer that received nCRT were retrospectively evaluated. Pathological tumor regression grading was
carried out using the Dworak (Dw-TRG) guidelines and served as the ground truth for response predictions. Imaging-based tumor regression
grading was performed according to the MERCURY group guidelines from pre-treatment and post-treatment para-axial T2-weighted MR images
(MR-TRG). Tumor signal intensity signatures were extracted by segmenting the tumors volumetrically on the images. Normalized histograms of
the signatures were used as input to a deep neural network (DNN) housing long short-term memory (LSTM) units. The output of the network was
the tumor regression grading prediction, DNN-TRG.

Results::

In predicting complete or good response, DNN-TRG demonstrated modest agreement with Dw-TRG (Cohen’s kappa= 0.79) and achieved 84.6%
sensitivity, 93.9% specificity, and 89.8% accuracy. MR-TRG revealed 46.2% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 76.3% accuracy. In predicting a
complete response, DNN-TRG showed slight agreement with Dw-TRG (Cohen’s kappa= 0.75) with 71.4% sensitivity, 97.8% specificity, and
91.5% accuracy. MR-TRG provided 42.9% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 86.4% accuracy. DNN-TRG benefited from higher sensitivity but
lower specificity, leading to higher accuracy than MR-TRG in predicting tumor response.

Conclusion::

The use of deep LSTM neural networks is a promising approach for evaluating the tumor response to nCRT in rectal cancer.
Patents on PARP-1 Inhibitors for the Management of Cancer from 2017-2023
Authors: Singh Harshwardhan , Singh Ankit Kumar , Kumar Adarsh , Kumar Pradeep
Published: June 2024

Background:

There are eighteen members of the Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases
(PARPs) family, which oversee various cellular processes such as maintaining the integrity of
the genome, regulating transcription, cell cycle progression, initiating the DNA damage response,
and apoptosis. PARP1 is an essential member of the PARP family and plays a crucial
role in repairing single-strand breaks in eukaryotic cells through a process called BER (base
excision repair). It is the most extensively studied and commonly found member of this family.

Area Covered:

This article discusses the advancements in developing PARP inhibitors for human
cancers. It covers the discovery of new PARP1 inhibitors with chemical classification that
selectively target multiple areas using cancer models in vitro and in vivo and evaluates them
critically. The focus is on patents that have been published from 2017 to 2023, except tankyrase
inhibitors.

Expert Opinion:

PARP1 inhibitors were developed by various companies and academic groups
from the 1990s to enhance the effectiveness of chemo and radiotherapy. However, their progress
was hindered due to their severe toxicity when combined with these treatments. Therefore,
on finding PARP1 inhibitors that can amplify the ability of chemotherapy agents to kill tumors
while causing minimal toxicity, these substances can either be used alone as part of the synthetic
lethality approach or in conjunction with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, resulting in a mutually
beneficial outcome.