bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЗАГАЛЬНА ОКСИДАНТНА ТА АНТИОКСИДАНТНА АКТИВНІСТЬ ПРИ АЛОТРАНСПЛАНТАЦІЇ ЕМБРІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЧЕРЕВНОЇ М’ЯЗОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ В ЩУРІВ
Authors: Nikolaieva O. V. , Petrov S. A.
Published: May 2019

Вступ. Алотрансплантація ембріональної тканини є одним з актуальних напрямків у сучасній теоретичній і медичній біохімії, які розробляють для стимуляції та відновлення функцій організму. Алотрансплантацію ембріональної тканини розглядають як можливу альтернативу традиційним, консервативним методам лікування, а також як методологічну основу експериментальних розробок.

Мета дослідження – вивчити вплив алотрансплантації ембріональної черевної м’язової тканини в щурів на загальну оксидантну та антиоксидантну активність.

Методи дослідження. Для алотрансплантації ембріональної м’язової тканини використовували ембріонів строком 2–3 тижні. Під ефірним наркозом в асептичних умовах тварину фіксували до хірургічної дошки в положенні лежачи на спині, операційне поле виголювали і тричі обробляли антисептиком. В ембріонів вилучали черевну м’язову тканину, яку фіксували лігатурою до черевної стінки дорослого щура. Рану пошарово щільно зашивали вузловим швом. Алотрансплантацію проводили згідно з хірургічними правилами операцій на м’язах. Досліджувані показники визначали на першу, третю та сьому доби після операційного втручання в тканині донора та тканині реципієнта. Підсадку сформованої тканини та удавану операцію проводили для того, щоб виключити дію як самої операції, так і ефекту підсадки тканини, щоб виявити дію ембріональної тканини на сформовану. Тому кожен показник досліджували не тільки при підсадці ембріональної тканини, але й при удаваній операції та підсадці сформованої тканини до сформованої, і порівнювали аналогічні показники при всіх цих трьох видах втручань.

Результати й обговорення. Отримані результати щодо загальної оксидантної активності свідчать про те, що удавана операція та алотрансплантація ембріональної тканини призвели до розвитку оксидативного стресу в досліджуваних м’язах.

Висновки. Загальна оксидантна активність проявляється лише на сьому добу дослідження як при удаваній операції, так і при алотрансплантації ембріональної м’язової тканини в усіх досліджуваних тканинах. Загальна антиоксидантна активність визначається в усі строки дослідження після проведення всіх хірургічних маніпуляцій як у тканині донора, так і в тканині реципієнта.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ВАЛІДАЦІЙНОГО ПАРАМЕТРА “ЛІНІЙНІСТЬ/КАЛІБРУВАЛЬНА МОДЕЛЬ” АНАЛІТИЧНОЇ МЕТОДИКИ КІЛЬКІСНОГО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КАРДІАЗОЛУ В БІОЛОГІЧНИХ РІДИНАХ ДЛЯ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ФАРМАКОКІНЕТИЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ
Authors: Drapak I. V.
Published: May 2019

Вступ. Одним із найважливіших етапів створення лікарських засобів є доклінічні та клінічні випробування, належне проведення яких гарантує в подальшому безпечність і високу терапевтичну ефективність розроблених лікарських засобів. Ключовим елементом доклінічних досліджень є різноманітні фармакологічні методики, при застосуванні яких здійснюють ряд аналітичних вимірювань на тих чи інших біологічних об’єктах. Таким чином, набувають актуальності питання, пов’язані з визначенням особливостей процесу валідації біоаналітичних методів, які використовують під час доклінічних фармакологічних досліджень лікарських засобів та розробки стандартизованих підходів до проведення таких валідаційних робіт для оригінальних субстанцій.

Мета дослідження – провести експериментальне вивчення валідаційного параметра “лінійність/калібрувальна модель” методики кількісного визначення кардіазолу в плазмі крові для виконання фармакокінетичних досліджень.

Методи дослідження. Біоаналітична методика визначення кардіазолу ґрунтується на ВЕРХ/МС/МС-аналізі аналітів у досліджуваних розчинах, отриманих із зразків плазми після попереднього осадження протеїнів. Проби хроматографують з використанням хроматографічної колонки Discovery C18 (50×2,1 мм) з розміром часток 5 мкм та градієнтного елюювання.

Результати й обговорення. При побудові калібрувальної кривої необхідно виконати такі умови: для нижньої межі кількісного визначення відхилення від номінальної концентрації повинно бути не більшим ±20 % для калібрувальних розчинів з концентраціями, вищими, ніж нижня межа кількісного визначення, не більшим ±15 %. Доведено лінійну залежність між концентрацією та площею хроматографічних піків кардіазолу в діапазоні концентрацій 1–100 нг/мл. Рівняння регресії – y=0,0141x+-0,00146, коефіцієнт кореляції – r2 0,9985.

Висновок. Висновок щодо розробленої методики стосовно валідаційного параметра “лінійність/калібрувальна модель” – коректна.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ФАРМАКОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НЕЙРОПЕПТИДУ Y ТА ЙОГО ФРАГМЕНТІВ
Authors: Havrylov I. O. , Zagayko A. L.
Published: May 2019

Вступ. У статті представлено огляди сучасних літературних даних про біологічно активний пептид – нейропептид Y(NPY), систему його рецепторів, їх роль в організмі людини і досліджень з вивчення їх терапевтичної та профілактичної ефективності. Вивчення ендогенних сполук, що мають біологічну активність, відкриває шлях до створення нових відносно безпечних лікарських засобів для терапії і профілактики різних патологічних станів. Нейропептид Y – біологічно активний пептид, який поширений в організмі людини і виконує різноманітні функції, зокрема регулює стрес, тривогу, когнітивні процеси, харчову поведінку та ін. Він активує 4 власних рецептори в людини, розташовані в головному мозку та різних внутрішніх органах, що зумовлює широкий спектр його біологічної активності. Наведено дослідження, які показують терапевтичний потенціал нейропептиду Y і сполук, що активують його рецептори для корекції ожиріння, лікування алкогольної залежності, терапії депресії, стресу, посттравматичного стресового розладу, показано здатність NPY впливати на перебіг нейродегенеративних захворювань.

Розробляють лікарські засоби – агоністи й антагоністи до рецепторів NPY, а також сполуки-онкомаркери. У ході розробок досліджують сполуки як пептидної, так і непептидної природи, які могли б активувати рецептори NPY. Один із напрямків розробок є модифікація молекули NPY, при якій скорочують ланцюг, з використанням функціонально важливих ділянок і заміщення амінокислотних залишків.

Мета дослідження – вивчити сучасні джерела літератури щодо властивостей та застосування нейропептиду Y для розгляду потенційної користі розробки його лікарських засобів.

Висновки. Вивчивши літературні джерела, можна зробити припущення, що дослідження системи нейропептиду відкриває перспективний напрямок цілеспрямованої розробки лікарських засобів для корекції ряду метаболічних розладів. З огляду на широке розташування точок прикладання нейропептиду в організмі, можливий терапевтичний вплив на різноманітні органи і системи.
РОЛЬ ОКСИДАТИВНОГО СТРЕСУ В РОЗВИТКУ ХРОНІЧНОГО ОБСТРУКТИВНОГО ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ЛЕГЕНЬ
Authors: Maksiv C. Ya. , Marushchak M. I.
Published: May 2019

Вступ. Поширеність хронічного обструктивного захворювання легень (ХОЗЛ) продовжує неухильно зростати. На думку дослідників, до 2030 р. воно стане третьою за значимістю причиною смертності. Патофізіологія ХОЗЛ складна і на даний час не до кінця вивчена. Більшість дослідників у хворих на ХОЗЛ визначає локальні та системні зміни, що включають оксидативний стрес, зміну рівнів гострофазових протеїнів і запальних медіаторів, хоча й немає єдиної точки зору щодо їх ролі при цьому захворюванні.

У роботі використано загальнонаукові методи дослідження, що включають експертно-аналітичний огляд наукових джерел, аналіз і синтез літературних даних.

Дослідники зазначають, що пероксидне окиснення протеїнів є не тільки пусковим механізмом патологічних процесів при стресі, але й одним з найбільш ранніх маркерів оксидативного стрессу, а також відображенням ступеня окиснювального ураження клітин та резервно-адаптаційних можливостей організму при ХОЗЛ. Оксидативний стрес призводить до окиснення арахідонової кислоти і формування нової генерації простаноїдних медіаторів, так званих ізопростанів, які можуть проявляти виражені функціональні ефекти, включаючи бронхоконстрикцію та ексудацію плазми. Негативним ефектам оксидативного стресу в організмі протидіють ензимна і неензимна ланки системи антиоксидантного захисту. Високу антиоксидантну ефективність проявляють мідь-цинковмісна супероксиддисмутаза, гемовмісна каталаза, селеновмісна глутатіонпероксидаза. За результатами аналізу літературних джерел, внутрішньоклітинний антиоксидант глутатіон є головною захисною системою в епітелії легень. Захисні ефекти спорідненої антиоксидантної системи, розташованої в епітелії, імовірно, регулюють гени. Це може бути однією з причин, чому лише в 10 % осіб, які курять, розвивається ХОЗЛ.

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати сучасні літературні джерела про роль вільнорадикальних процесів у механізмах розвитку хронічного обструктивного захворювання легень.

Висновок. Проведений аналіз літературних даних показав, що оксидативний стрес відіграє вагому роль у патогенезі хронічного обструктивного захворювання легень, проте механізми його впливу потребують детальнішого і глибшого дослідження.
РОЛЬ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПЕРОКСИДНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ І АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В МІОКАРДІ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗІ ФОРМУВАННЯ АДРЕНАЛІНОВОГО УШКОДЖЕННЯ МІОКАРДА
Authors: Regeda M. S. , Horodetskyy O. T.
Published: May 2019

Вступ. Серцево-судинна патологія залишається актуальною проблемою сьогодення як одна з основних причин смертності та інвалідності людей працездатного віку. Зокрема, в останні десятиліття особливу увагу приділяють одному з важливих молекулярних механізмів ушкодження клітин, що охоплює процеси пероксидного окиснення ліпідів і антиоксидантну систему при адреналіновому ушкодженні міокарда (АУМ).

Мета дослідження – з’ясувати особливості зміни маркерів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів і антиоксидантної системи в міокарді в динаміці розвитку адреналінового ушкодження міокарда.

Методи дослідження. Досліди проведено на 45 білих щурах-самцях, яких поділили на 5 груп (по 9 тварин у кожній): 1-ша – контрольна; 2-га; 3-тя, 4-та, 5-та – тварини з АУМ, відповідно, на 1-шу, 7-му, 10-ту і 17-ту доби експерименту. Визначали вміст дієнових кон’югатів, малонового діальдегіду, церулоплазміну та активність супероксиддисмутази, каталази.

Результати й обговорення. За результатами біохімічних досліджень, на 1-шу, 7-му, 10-ту і 17-ту доби формування АУМ спостерігали зростання вмісту в міокарді дієнових кон’югатів. Визначення в міокарді іншого показника пер оксидного окиснення ліпідів – малонового діальдегіду показало аналогічний напрямок порушень. Встановлено, що на 1-шу добу активність супероксиддисмутази зростала, на 7-му – не зазнавала змін, на 10-ту і 17-ту – знижувалась. Аналогічно змінювалась активність каталази і церулоплазміну ЦП. Отже, при дослідженні показників прооксидантно-антиоксидантної системи в міокарді спостерігали постійне нагромадження продуктів ліпопероксидації на тлі виснаження як ензимних, так і неензимних ланок антиоксидантної системи в міокарді, що свідчило про порушення рівноваги між пероксидним окисненням ліпідів і антиоксидантною системою.

Висновок. Визначення маркерів вільнорадикального окиснення (дієнових кон’югатів, малонового діальдегіду) та антиоксидантної системи (супероксиддисмутази, каталази, церулоплазміну) в міокарді показало поступову стимуляцію процесів пер оксидного окиснення ліпідів і компенсаторне підвищення активності досліджуваних ензимів із наступною депресією антиоксидантного захисту, особливо на 10-ту і 17-ту доби формування адреналінового ушкодження міокарда.
Efficacy and Limitations of Quinidine in Patients With Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Mazzanti Andrea , Tenuta Elisavietta , Marino Maira , Pagan Eleonora , Morini Massimo , Memmi Mirella , Colombi Barbara , Tibollo Valentina , Frassoni Samuele , Curcio Antonio , Raimondo Cristina , Maltret Alice , Monteforte Nicola , Bloise Raffaella , Napolitano Carlo , Bellazzi Riccardo , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Priori Silvia G.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Quinidine at high dose is suggested as antiarrhythmic treatment in patients with Brugada Syndrome (BrS), but its efficacy to prevent life-threatening arrhythmic events (LAE) in this population is unproven and its use limited by frequent side effects. We assessed whether low-dose quinidine in patients with BrS reduces the following: (1) the occurrence of LAEs at follow-up, as compared to no therapy, in a population of both high-risk survivors of LAE and lower risk patients asymptomatic for LAEs and (2) the arrhythmic burden in the high-risk group of cardiac arrest survivors.

Methods:

We compared the clinical course of 53 patients with BrS treated with quinidine to that of 441 untreated controls, matched by sex, age, symptoms, and the duration of observation. Furthermore, we calculated the annual incidence of LAE off-quinidine and on-quinidine in 123 patients with BrS who were cardiac arrest survivors.

Results:

Fifty-three patients with BrS (89% males, median age 39.8 years) received quinidine (439±115 mg/d) for 5.0±3.7 years. Therapy was stopped in 3 cases (6%) for side effects. Quinidine reduced by 26% the risk of experiencing an LAE in cases versus controls (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.22–2.48;
P
=0.62). Furthermore, in 27 of 123 patients with BrS symptomatic for LAEs who were treated for 7.0±3.5 years, the annual rate of LAEs decreased from 14.7% while off-quinidine to 3.9% while on-quinidine (
P
=0.03). Of note, recurrent LAEs were recorded in 4 (15%) cardiac arrest survivors while on-quinidine.

Conclusions:

We demonstrated for the first time in the long-term that low-dose quinidine reduces recurrent LAEs in patients with BrS who had already survived an LAE, with few side effects. Remarkably, 15% of patients symptomatic for LAEs experience recurrent life-threatening arrhythmias while on-treatment, suggesting that quinidine cannot replace implantable defibrillators in high-risk subjects.
Door‐to‐Targeted Temperature Management Initiation After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A New Quality Metric in Postresuscitation Care?
Authors: Schenone Aldo L. , Menon Venu
Published: May 2019

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Authors: Ali Nathanael Tilahun
Published: May 2019

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What a True Buddidst Should Know about the Pali Canon
Authors: Payutto P. A.
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The Usage of Causatives in Classical Chinese: A Review
Authors: Choonharuangdej Suree
Published: May 2019

Many scholars have looked into relevant problems concerning the usage of causatives in their studies of Classical Chinese grammar. They find that, unlike the derivational system found in most Indo-European languages, the system of word-derivation in Classical Chinese (causative usage included) reveals that certain grammatical and semantic contrasts are regularly associated with tonal contrasts. In spite of such findings, we still consider it rather difficult to separate those derivational causative verbs from the general causative usage to which the syntactic structure is ascribed, not to mention the even harder task of distinguishing the causative usage from the putative one given their similar surface structure.2 Thus, beside the review and summary of causative usages in previous works, this paper re-analyzes certain problematic cases of causatives using different linguistic factors (i.e., phonological, morphological, and syntactical) together with relevant context clues. Although we have yet to come up with a satisfactory explanation concerning the distinction between causative and putative usages, we maintain that the contrast between realis and irrealis can be employed as a means to clarify those subtle differences in the putative usage.
Occurrence of Lymphoid Cells in the Intestine of the Goldfish
Authors: Weinberg Steven
Published: May 2019

The Goldfish intestine normally contains a large number of lymphocytes, many of them being present in the epithelial layer. After stimulation with antigen, the number of lymphoid cells does not increase, but the proportion of large pyroninophilic cells and plasma cells does. It seems therefore that transformation of B-lymphocytes into plasma cells occurs within the gut epithelium. The Goldfish intestine might be considered a primitive bursa equivalent.
To make a meadow it takes a clover and a bee: the entomophilous flora of N.W. Europe and its insects
Authors: Ellis Willem N. , Ellis-Adam Albertine C.
Published: May 2019

An analysis of the anthophilous fauna of N.W. Europe is presented, stressing the role plants play for insects. The study is based on some 29,000 relations between about 2,600 insect species and 1,300 plant species (569 genera). The data are derived from our database (“CrypTra”) of biotic relations between Cryptobiota and Tracheophyta, that is based on published sources.

It is suggested that a ratio of 2 to 5 anthophilous insect species per entomophilous plant species is the rule in N.W. Europe, where other types of zoophily are virtually absent.

A small minority of the plant species/generaplay a disproportionally important role as hosts to flower visitors; many of these so-called cornucopian taxa belong to the commonest entomophilous plants in the region, and occur also in moderately disturbed habitats.

There is a significant positive correlation between the commonness of a plant species and the fraction this plant represents of the trophic resources exploited by an insect species. There is, on the other hand, a significant negative correlation between the number of insect species visiting a given plant species, and the number of plant species visited by a given insect species. These two elements together demonstrate that the anthophilous fauna and the entomophilous flora of N.W. Europe as a whole form a loose system, not predominantly characterised by specialisation. In accordance with this, factor analysis suggests that there is no ground to recognise more than three visitor types, viz., the allotropous, hemitropous, and eutropous visitors as defined by Loew. A minorityof the plant taxa - essentially the cornucopian ones - can with some difficulty be associated with these three types of visitors, and a very few narrowly specialised plant taxa can be associated with more specific visitor groups. However, the large majority of plants cannot be fitted in any typology.

These results have practical implications for the nature management of the anthophilous fauna, in that the important role of the cornucopian floral element is underlined. The fact that the majority of the cornucopian species are perennial, or evenwoody, places constraints to agricultural practices intended to foster beneficial anthophilous insects.
Mallomonas papuensis sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae, Synurales), a new species from the high mountain bog pool in Papua province, Indonesia
Authors: KAPUSTIN DMITRY A. , GUSEV EVGENIY S. , KULIKOVSKIY MAXIM S.
Published: May 2019

This paper describes the new species Mallomonas papuensis from a small bog pool in Papua province, Indonesia. The description is based on silica-scale morphology studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cells of Mallomonas papuensis are covered by three types of scales: asymmetric collar scales with forward projecting spines, rhombic body scales and oval posterior scales with short spines. The shield of all scales types lacks ornamentation. We were not able to find any specimens with bristles or isolated bristles although the small dome is visible on the collar scales. Mallomonas papuensis belongs to the section Torquatae and closely resembles M. newfoundlandicus. Distinctions from other similar taxa are discussed.
Gymnothorax baranesi, a new moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Red Sea
Authors: SMITH DAVID G. , BROKOVICH ERAN , EINBINDER SHAI
Published: May 2019

Gymnothorax baranesi n. sp. is described from three specimens collected in moderately deep water in the Gulf of Aquaba, Red Sea, Israel. It is characterized by irregular, pale, rosette-like spots on a dark background. The snout is somewhat slender. The intermaxillary teeth are arranged in one peripheral and one median row. The maxillary teeth are arranged in 1–2 rows, the inner row, when present, consists of only two depressible teeth. The new species is compared to other pale-spotted species in the Indian Ocean.
Crystallaria cincotta, a new species of darter (Teleostei: Percidae) from the Elk River of the Ohio River drainage, West Virginia
Authors: WELSH STUART A. , WOOD ROBERT M.
Published: May 2019

A new species of percid, Crystallaria cincotta, is described from the Cumberland, Elk, Green, and Muskingum river drainages of the Ohio River basin, USA. It differs from populations of Crystallaria asprella of the Gulf Coast, lower Mississippi River, middle Mississippi River, upper Mississippi River, and Wabash River drainages by having a reduced number of cheek scale rows restricted to the post-orbital region, a falcate margin on the pelvic fins, a preorbital blotch distinctly separate from the anterior orbital rim, and a wide mouth gape. The Elk River population is also divergent genetically from populations of the Gulf Coast, lower Mississippi River, and upper Mississippi River drainages. Crystallaria cincotta, discovered in the Elk River of the Ohio River drainage in 1980, is a rare species with the only extant population represented by 12 individuals collected from 1980–2005 from the lower 36 km section of the Elk River, West Virginia.
The flea beetle genus Lanka (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in India with descriptions of three new species and notes on the identity of the pollu beetle infesting black pepper, Piper nigrum
Authors: PRATHAPAN K. D. , VIRAKTAMATH C. A.
Published: May 2019

The flea beetle genus Lanka Maulik (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) is redefined with key, descriptions, illustrations and host plant information of three new species, Lanka aruna, L. ramakrishnai (correct name for the pepper pollu flea beetle) and L. sahyadriensis from India, including the pepper ‘pollu’ beetle, hitherto misidentified as Longitarsus nigripennis (Motschulsky). A lectotype is designated for L. nigripennis.
Two new species of Agrilus Curtis 1825 from Arizona and Texas, with a new synonymy in Agrilus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae)
Authors: BARR WILLIAM F.
Published: May 2019

Two new species of the genus Agrilus Curtis, are described: A. montosae n. sp. from Arizona and A. bespencus n. sp. from Texas. A new synonymy is proposed: A. pubescens Fisher 1928 (= A. parapubescens Knull 1934), syn. nov. Also, joint ecological and distributional associations are presented for A. montosae, through the co-presence of A. pectoralis Waterhouse, A. near impexus Horn, A. pubescens Fisher and another buprestid, Chrysobothris lateralis Waterhouse.
New species of Lordomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Southeast Asia and Fiji
Authors: LUCKY ANDREA , SARNAT ELI M.
Published: May 2019

Two new species of Lordomyrma are described: L. reticulata sp. nov. from Malaysian Borneo and L. vanua sp. nov. from Fiji. The occurrence of the former in Borneo expands the range of this genus to include Southeast Asia and the description of a new Fijian Lordomyrma indicates that this genus remains to be fully sampled, even in regions where it is considered to be well known. Taken together, these two findings suggest that Lordomyrma occupies a less disjunct distribution and is more widely distributed than previously suspected. There is a need for further sampling to reveal both diversity and distribution in this cryptic genus.
Overview of Sididae (Crustacea: Cladocera: Ctenopoda) of Northeast and East Thailand, with description of a new species of the genus Diaphanosoma
Authors: KOROVCHINSKY NIKOLAI M. , SANOAMUANG LA-ORSRI
Published: May 2019

The investigation of an extensive collection of zooplankton samples from Northeast and East Thailand has revealed 10 species of the family Sididae, members of which often were mostly frequently distributed and abundant among Cladocera. Of seven species of the genus Diaphanosoma, one is new to science (D. elongatum sp. nov.) and two others, D. senegal and D. macrophthalma, new to Thailand. The genus Pseudosida is represented by P. szalayi instead of P. bidentata incorrectly recorded previously. Eleven species of Sididae are now known from Northeast Thailand and 12 from the whole country. The highest frequency occurrence and abundance were observed in D. excisum, D. dubium, Latonopsis australis, and P. szalayi while other species were more infrequent (D. sarsi) or rare. Sididae species were often observed co-occurring in different combinations, among them up to three-four species of Diaphanosoma. The rare species D. senegal frequently co-occurred with large Branchiopoda. Most Sididae of Northeast Thailand are of tropical origin while others (D. dubium, D. macrophthalma, Sida crystallina) have penetrated here from more northern latitudes.
Identities of three taxa of the hippolytid shrimp genus Heptacarpus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea), with description of a new species from East Asian waters
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , IVANOV BORIS G.
Published: May 2019

Taxonomy of the two previously described species of the hippolytid shrimp genus Heptacarpus Holmes, 1900, H. camtschaticus (Stimpson, 1860) and H. geniculatus (Stimpson, 1860), are reassessed. It has been found that Eualus geniculata longirostris Kobjakova, 1936, which has been regarded as a junior synonym of Heptacarpus geniculatus, is a valid taxon, herein reinstated as a full species. It has been found that two species were confounded in previous literature under the name H. camtschaticus, and one of them is described as new, H. acuticarinatus n. sp. Three species, H. camtschaticus, H. geniculatus and H. longirostris, are redescribed. These four species all belong to an informal species group characterized by the lack of pereopodal epipods. Differences in morphology and distributional pattern among the four species are discussed. A key in aid of the identification of the Asian species belonging to the species group is provided.
Fishes of La Venta River in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-DÍAZ ALFONSO ÁNGEL , QUIÑONES REBECCA MARÍA , VELÁZQUEZ-MARTÍNEZ JOSÉ
Published: May 2019

Although Chiapas is recognized as home to some of the most interesting fishes in Mexico, there are still regions of the state that are poorly surveyed. Our objective was to document the fish species in La Venta River, as well as that of some of its largest tributaries and Netzahualc\yotl Reservoir. To this aim, field collections were made during three consecutive years and preserved specimens from the ichthyological collection at El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Crist\bal, Chiapas were reviewed. We identified 42 species including new records for the state of Chiapas (3 species), the Grijalva River watershed (3 species), and Netzahualc\yotl Reservoir (2 species). Species composition differed between the upper and lower portions of La Venta River, most likely due to historical factors, and the physical and chemical differences between the two areas. The species composition of the upper parts of La Venta River was distinctive within the watershed but  similar to neighboring hydrologic systems, suggesting that this area was recently connected to other rivers. Our results revealed that the Grijalva River-Tuxtla GutiJrrez watershed is species rich and may be important for describing the distribution patterns of several groups of fishes in Mexico
Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical water snake Hydrops triangularis (Serpentes, Colubridae)
Authors: DE ALBUQUERQUE NELSON R , DE LEMA THALES
Published: May 2019

Six subspecies of Hydrops triangularis (Wagler 1824) are currently recognized on the basis of differences in the number of ventral and subcaudal scales and dorsal coloration (viz., the number of bands on the body, the extent of bands on the body, and the occurrence of projections of the bands on the body). Analysis of a larger sample from throughout the distribution of the species revealed overlapping variation in all of these characters across regional boundaries. The available evidence is therefore unable to objectively delimit multiple geographic races, and we therefore consider the subspecies of H. triangularis to be subjective synonyms.
The taxonomic status of Phyllonastes Heyer and Phrynopus peruvianus (Noble) (Lissamphibia, Anura): resurrection of Noblella Barbour
Authors: DE LA RIVA IGNACIO , CHAPARRO JUAN C. , PADIAL JOSÉ M.
Published: May 2019

Between December 1899 and August 1900, H. H. Keays collected zoological specimens in Departamento Puno, southern Peru. He shipped to the American Museum of Natural History a series of amphibians purportedly obtained near Juliaca, a locality at 3824 m a.s.l., close to the Lake Titicaca. From this series, Noble (1921) described a tiny frog named as Sminthillus peruvianus. Until then, the genus Sminthillus Barbour and Noble contained only the small Cuban species S. limbatus (Cope), and the broad geographic gap between the two species, together with some morphological arguments, led Noble to consider this generic assignment as provisional. Later, Barbour (1930) erected the genus Noblella to accommodate S. limbatus, but he did not define nor diagnose the genus. Subsequently, Lynch (1971) synonymyzed Noblella with Eleutherodactylus Duméril and Bibron and, eventually (Lynch 1975), with Phrynopus Peters.
Is a dwarf population of Corythomantis greeningi Boulenger, 1896 (Anura, Hylidae) a new species?
Authors: JUNCÁ FLORA ACUÑA , CARNEIRO MARIA CONCEIÇÃO LAGO , RODRIGUES NAYARA NASCIMENTO
Published: May 2019

We studied the possible existence of a new dwarf species of the monotypic genus Corythomantis, based on tadpole morphology and advertisement call characteristics of two populations from State of Bahia: Serra São José (dwarf adults) and Lages (normal adult size). We compared the tadpole morphology and the advertisement call of Corythomantis greeningi from Lages with the population of Serra São José. We did not find any differences supporting that the population of Lages could represent a new species of Corythomantis. The tadpoles show external morphological characters associated with benthonic habitats and dental formula 5–6(1)/5–8. The advertisement call is composed of one pulsed note with duration of approximately 0.30 s and dominant frequency of approximately 1.00 kHz.
Phytoseiid mites of the tribe Paraseiulini Wainstein (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: DE MORAES GILBERTO J. , ZANNOU IGNACE D. , UECKERMANN EDDIE A. , OLIVEIRA ANIBAL R. , HANNA RACHID , YANINEK JOHN S.
Published: May 2019

This is the eighth publication of a series on the determination of phytoseiid mites of sub-Saharan Africa. Twenty-three phytoseiid species of the tribe Paraseiulini Wainstein are reported in this paper. They refer to all species of this tribe known to occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Six of these species are described for the first time and 13 species are redescribed. Most of the reported species were collected in cassava habitats in tropical Africa and in other habitats in South Africa. A key is included to help in the separation of the species treated in this paper.
Molecular and morphological evaluation of the aphid genus Hyalopterus Koch (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae), with a description of a new species
Authors: LOZIER JEFFREY D. , FOOTTIT ROBERT G. , MILLER GARY L. , MILLS NICHOLAS J. , RODERICK GEORGE K.
Published: May 2019

Aphids in the genus Hyalopterus Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are pests of stone fruit trees in the genus Prunus globally, causing damage directly through feeding as well as transmission of plant viruses. Despite their status as cosmopolitan pests, the genus is poorly understood, with current taxonomy recognizing two, likely paraphyletic, species: Hyalopterus pruni (Koch) and Hyalopterus amygdali (Blanchard). Here we present a systematic study of Hyalopterus using a molecular phylogeny derived from mitochondrial, endosymbiont, and nuclear DNA sequences (1,320 bp) and analysis of 16 morphometric characters. The data provides strong evidence for three species within Hyalopterus, which confirms previous analyses of host plant usage patterns and suggests the need for revision of this genus. We describe a new species H. persikonus Miller, Lozier & Foottit n. sp., and present diagnostic identification keys for the genus.
A review of the genus Abrus Dai & Zhang (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) from China with description of one new species
Authors: DAI WU , ZHANG YALIN
Published: May 2019

All nine species of the genus Abrus Dai and Zhang from China are reviewed, and one new species, A. breviolus sp. nov. is described. A key is given to separate all species and a detailed morphological description and illustrations are provided.
Description of the last instar larva of Erythrodiplax fervida (Erichson, 1848) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae), with notes on the biology of the species
Authors: TRAPERO-QUINTANA ADRIAN D. , REYES-TUR BERNARDO
Published: May 2019

The dragonfly genus Erythrodiplax Brauer is distributed mainly in the Neotropics, and includes 56 described species (Garrison et al. 2006). Five of seven Antillean species occur in Cuba: Erythrodiplax berenice naeva (Hagen, 1861), E. bromeliicola Westfall, 2000, E. fervida (Erichson, 1848), E. justiniana (Selys, 1857) and E. umbrata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Trapero & Naranjo 2003). The last stage larva has been described for all species from Cuba except for E. fervida.
A review of the genus Chrysomphalus Ashmead (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) with descriptions of a new species and a new, related genus
Authors: SMITH-PARDO ALLAN H. , EVANS GREGORY A. , DOOLEY JOHN W.
Published: May 2019

The taxonomy of the genus Chrysomphalus Ashmead (Diaspididae: Aspidiotinae) is reviewed. A new monotypic genus of armored scale, Pentalaminaspis Smith-Pardo, Evans and Dooley, is described and illustrated with Chrysomphalus minutus Kotinsky, 1908 as the type species. A new species, Chrysomphalus nepenthivorus Smith-Pardo, Evans & Dooley, is described and illustrated. This species was intercepted at a U.S. port of entry on hybrids of pitcher plants (Nepenthes) originating from Thailand. Chrysomphalus greeni Leonardi, 1914 is transferred to the genus Melanaspis and Chrysomphalus degeneratus Leonardi, 1896 is transferred to the genus Diaspidiotus. A discussion and key to species of the genus Chrysomphalus are provided as well as a key to aspidiotine genera similar to Chrysomphalus.
Description of a new species of Leporinus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil
Authors: BRITSKI HERALDO A. , BIRINDELLI JOSÉ L.
Published: May 2019

A new species of Leporinus is described from the rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin, Amazon basin, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed based on dental formula 3/4, a dark midlateral stripe on body and a series of transversal dark bars on the dorsum. The new species is similar to a handful of congeners based on the color pattern, including L. britski, L. microphysus, L. parvulus, and L. vanzoi, all of which also occur at the rio Tapajós basin. The new species is distinguished from the aforementioned congeners based on number of premaxillary teeth, number of scales in lateral line and/or around caudal peduncle. The new species is apparently endemic to the rio Teles Pires near the Sete Quedas rapids and upstream.
An integrative taxonomic revision of the genus Triphosa Stephens, 1829 (Geometridae: Larentiinae) in the Middle East and Central Asia, with description of two new species
Authors: WANKE DOMINIC , HAUSMANN AXEL , RAJAEI HOSSEIN
Published: May 2019

Western Palaearctic species of the genus Triphosa Stephens, 1829 are revised with focus on the Middle East and Central Asia. The analysis is based on the morphological examination (wing pattern and genitalia) of the type series of most species, as well as of large series of additional material. Additionally, DNA barcode data were used as an extra line of information. As result, Triphosa agnata Le Cerf, 1918 syn. n. is synonymized with T. sabaudiata (Duponchel, 1830), the taxonomy of the enigmatic Triphosa taochata Lederer, 1870 is clarified, and two species are described as new to science: T. silviae sp. n. and T. lecerfi sp. n.. Hydria ravulata (Staudinger, 1892) comb. rev., is transferred from Triphosa to the genus Hydria. Lectotypes are designated for Triphosa taochata and Hydria ravulata. Wing pattern, genitalia and diagnostic characters of all examined species are illustrated and the distribution data shown on the map.
Multiple stakeholder views of pre-school child weight management practices: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Bradbury Daisy , Porcellato Lorna , Timpson Hannah , Turner Gillian , Goodhew Shirley , Young Ruth , Isaac Nabil , Watson Paula M
Published: May 2019

Objective:

With the increasing prevalence of unhealthy weight status in pre-school children, this study sought to understand pre-school child weight management practices in Blackburn with Darwen, UK, with a view to informing appropriate intervention strategies.

Design:

Mixed-methods study (semi-structured interviews, quantitative survey).

Setting:

Urban–rural borough with high ethnic diversity in the North West of England.

Methods:

Phase 1 involved 15 semi-structured interviews with public health/service managers, health professionals and children’s centre staff to explore current pre-school weight management practices, challenges and perceived training needs. Phase 2 involved a quantitative survey of multi-disciplinary health professionals ( n = 30) who work with pre-school children. Data were analysed thematically and perceived challenges organised into individual, interpersonal and organisational levels of the socio-ecological model.

Results:

Current pre-school child weight management practices appeared to be inconsistent, and staff were unable to locate clear protocols or referral pathways. Challenges most commonly related to individual family factors (e.g. families not perceiving child’s weight status to be a problem) and organisational factors (e.g. lack of time). Perceived training needs differed between professions and included body mass index calculation and interpretation, weight-related communication and pre-school nutrition/physical activity guidelines.

Conclusion:

Inconsistencies in practice and a lack of clear pathways limited pre-school child weight management practices in Blackburn with Darwen. Although many challenges were attributed as external to the individual, potential steps to help practitioners cope with these demands are outlined.
A Transient Developmental Background Finding in the Retina Observed in Neonatal Dogs in Juvenile Toxicology Studies
Authors: Petruska Janet M. , Remick Amera K. , Lejeune Typhaine , Vezina Mark , Robinson Keith , Bussières Martin , Gilger Brian C. , Dubielzig Richard R.
Published: May 2019

In a juvenile toxicology program, an unexpected finding of vacuolation of inner nuclear, ganglion cell, and nerve fiber layers of the retina was observed microscopically in routine Davidson’s fixed and hematoxylin and eosin–stained tissue sections of eyes in beagle dogs at approximately 5 weeks of age. There was no necrosis or degeneration of the affected cells and no associated inflammation. Fluorescein angiography revealed no vascular leakage. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) indicated swollen cells in the same layers of the retina as observed at light microscopic examination. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the retinal vacuolation likely was consistent with intracellular swelling of amacrine, horizontal, and/or bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer as affected cells had an expanded cytoplasm but contained normal nucleus and organelles. As assessed by animal behavior and full-field electroretinography, the retinal vacuolation appeared to have no impact on visual function. Retinal vacuolation was seen in approximately 40% of dogs at 5 weeks of age using OCT and/or light microscopic examination. Because the change was transient and age related, did not result in degenerative retinal changes, and was not present in dogs older than 5 weeks of age, it was considered a background developmental observation in beagle dogs.
Long survival and recurrence of thymic carcinoma 10 years after resection
Authors: Yabuki Hiroshi , Minowa Muneo
Published: May 2019

Thymic carcinomas are a rare type of malignant mediastinal tumor. Thymic carcinomas have a rapid progression, and recurrence and metastasis usually occur in the early phase after surgical resection. To the best of our knowledge, recurrence more than 10 years after surgical resection has been reported in only one case of neuroendocrine cell carcinoma. We report a case of resected thymic squamous cell carcinoma recurring after 10 years, which indicates that thymic carcinomas require long-term follow-up after surgical resection.
Leading Through Intervals versus Leading Pedestrian Intervals: More Protection with Less Capacity Impact
Authors: Furth Peter G. , Saeidi Razavi Ray (Mohammad)
Published: May 2019

When pedestrian, bike crossings, or both are concurrent with a vehicular phase, leading through intervals (LTI) and leading pedestrian intervals (LPI) are signalization techniques that provide a partially protected crossing. With LPI, for a short interval at the start of the crossing phase all traffic is held, enabling some pedestrians to arrive at the conflict zone and thus reinforce their priority before turning vehicles are released. LTI functions similarly except that during the leading interval only turning traffic is held; through traffic is allowed to run. This lessens the negative effect on capacity of LPI, and consequently allows LTI to have a longer leading interval, thus affording pedestrians and cyclists greater protection. Experience of LTI in the cities of Montreal, New York, and Charlotte is reviewed. A model is developed to estimate capacity loss from using LPI and LTI for a range of scenarios in which right turns share a lane with through traffic, in which case LTI can indirectly block through vehicles positioned behind a turning vehicle. While LTI’s capacity loss increases with the proportion of right turns, for the wide range of right turn proportions tested, it is still far lower than the capacity loss for an LPI of the same length, especially on multilane approaches.
Iterative Framework for Performance and Environmental Impacts of Airfields
Authors: Said Izak M. , Al-Qadi Imad L.
Published: May 2019

The main goal of a durable and sustainable airfield is to withstand repeated aircraft traffic loading while minimizing the environmental impact. The objective of this study is to develop a design-life cycle assessment (LCA) framework considering a balanced evaluation of structural adequacy, minimizing emission, and optimizing total energy demand. To achieve this objective, three steps are introduced: an evaluation of the structural adequacy of the design using the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) pavement design software FAA rigid and flexible iterative elastic layered design; a preliminary performance check using field instrumentation responses; and a LCA of airfield sections using both deterministic and probabilistic approaches. In addition to presenting the design-LCA methodology, this paper offers a comparative evaluation that covers two perpetual designs (LFP1-N and LFP4-N) and one conventional section (LFC5-N). These pavement sections were built and tested at the National Airport Pavement Test Facility as part of construction cycle 7, funded by the FAA. Responses collected from instrumentation were used to compute field-based coverages to failure. Moreover, life cycle inventories from secondary sources were used to quantify the greenhouse gas emissions and energy demand associated with the construction of these sections. Results show inconsistencies between the field-predicted and theoretically predicted performance. This suggests the need for the additional calibration of the currently used performance models. Moreover, this study shows that under a specific asphalt concrete (AC) thickness limit, conventional AC may be more eco-friendly than a perpetual design.
Tribal Transportation Specialists’ Priorities for Reservation Roadway Safety: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Quick Kathryn S. , Larsen Adam , Narváez Guillermo E.
Published: May 2019

The focus of this study is roadway safety in American Indian tribal lands. American Indians’ motor vehicle crash fatality rate is the highest among all ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Roadway safety in tribal areas, where approximately 656 fatalities occur each year, is an important aspect of this problem. Following a review of crash statistics from recently published research, we present our empirical analysis of the expressed concerns of roadway safety managers with the most informed, direct knowledge of reservations and tribal areas. The data source is the 2016 Tribal Transportation Safety Data Survey, including 151 tribal government and 22 state government respondents. Qualitative methods were used to analyze their perceptions and priorities for roadway safety. We identified: 1) tribes’ and states’ highest priorities for roadway safety in tribal lands, and 2) their concerns about state government relationships relating to data quality, data sharing, and coordination. Tribes consistently named four concerns: road quality engineering and repair; reckless driving (speeding, impaired, distracted driving); seatbelt/car seat use; and pedestrian safety. Tribes and states both expressed a wish to improve their relationships, particularly relating to data quality and sharing, with both sides identifying the need for tribes to have more resources for data documentation and analysis. We conclude with recommendations to improve tribal roadway safety plans, strengthen data quality, create a common framework for identifying roads of interest to tribal governments and communities, and conduct additional research on pedestrian safety, emergency medical service response, roadway departures, and nonfatal crashes.
Studying the Nighttime Visibility Performance of Retroreflective Pavement Markers
Authors: Ye Fan , Pike Adam
Published: May 2019

Retroreflective pavement markers (RPMs) supplement or substitute for pavement markings and provide superior visibility during wet nights when the visibility of most pavement markings is significantly reduced. Many state and local agencies in the United States install and maintain RPMs even though they are not required to use them by the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. A lack of visual performance criterion for in-service RPMs results in non-uniform installation and maintenance of RPMs from agency to agency. There is a need to better establish guidance on the visual performance of RPMs. This paper develops a visibility level (VL) model to assess the visibility of RPMs, based on drivers’ visual demands. After validating the VL model for RPMs, the impacts of retroreflectivity, spacing, number of RPMs, glare, and driving speed on the visibility of RPMs are explored using the VL model. The study results not only confirm the superior visual performance of RPMs over pavement markings but also suggest the RPM performance criteria including placement criteria and minimum luminance/retroreflectivity levels.