bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kur'an'ı Anlamada İsrailiyat'ın Rolü.
Authors: ETHEM Mürsel , ÜNSAL Ramazan
Published: December 2020

Kur’an’ın muhtevasını anlamak için nüzul döneminin başından itibaren büyük çabaların sarf edildiğini görmekteyiz. Bununla ilgili olarak Kur’an’ın anlaşılması için tefsir usulünde birçok kaynak ve yöntem zikredilmektedir. Söz konusu kaynaklar arasında İsrâiliyat’ın önemli bir yere sahip olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Genelde İslam, özelde tefsir kaynaklarını incelediğimizde, Hz. Muhammed (SAV) de dâhil olmak üzere, ilk dönemde yaşayan Müslümanlar Kur’an’ı anlama ve yorumlamada çekinmeden İsrâiliyat’a başvurmuşlardır, diyebiliriz. Onlar, İsrâiliyat’a müracaat etmenin herhangi bir olumsuz netice doğuracağı endişesine de kapılmamışlardır. Çünkü vahiy süreci içinde Kur’an, Tevrat ve İncil de mevcut olup, vahiy sürecinin bir bütünüdür. Kur’an, bu önceki vahiylerde anlatılmış olan konulara mücmel olarak hedefine ve ihtiyaca göre yer vermiştir. İşaret edilen bu konuları anlamak için Tevrat ve İncili bilmek ve onlara müracaat etmek ihtiyaç haline gelmiştir.
Asr-ı Saadet döneminden uzaklaşıldıkça İsrâiliyat’la ilgili tutum olumsuz yönde değişmiştir. Tahminen hicri IV. asırdan sonra İsrâiliyat’ın bir ıstılahî terim olarak kullanılmaya başlaması, kanaatimizce, bu dönemlerden itibaren İslam âlimleri tarafından İsrâiliyat ile tefsir arasında da artık ihtiyatlı bir mesafenin/çizginin bulunması kanaatini de oluşturmuştur. Nitekim İslam âlimlerinin İsrâiliyat’la ilgili tutumları genelde olumsuzdur. Buna rağmen belirtmek gerekir ki hemen hemen bütün müfessirler ve Kur’an’ı farklı dillere çeviren ilim erbabı öyle veya böyle İsrâiliyat’tan istifade etmişlerdir.
Biz bu çalışmamızda İsrâiliyat hakkında genel bilgi verdikten sonra ilim adamlarının İsrâiliyat’la alakalı tutumlarını tahlil etmeye çalıştık. Ayrıca İsrâiliyat’ın Kur’an’ı anlamada gerçekten bir öneme sahip olup olmadığını delilleriyle ortaya koyduk.
Bu araştırmamızın amacı İsrâiliyat’ın tefsir ilminde olmazsa olmazlardan birisi olduğunu deliller eşliğinde ortaya koymaya çalışmaktır.
Ne yazık ki son zamanlarda İsrâiliyat, lüzumsuz bir bilgi yığını olarak gözükmektedir. Hâlbuki İsrâiliyat tefsir ilminde en önemli parçalarından bir parçadır.
Bu çalışmamızda İsrâiliyat’a farklı bir açıdan bakmayı hedefledik. Ayrıca bugüne kadar ele alınmayan örnekler eşliğinde İsrâiliyat’ın önemini açıkladık.
Zamanın geçmesiyle Müslümanların İsrâiliyat’la alakalı dünya bakışı değişmiştir. İlk asırlarda İsrâiliyat’a senedi açısından olumsuz bakılırken şimdiki zamanda bilgi/muhteva açısından olumsuz bakılmaktadır.
A comparative study of results of stapedotomy and neo-stapedotomy as a surgical treatment for otosclerosis
Authors: Gon Sabyasachi , Biswas Debabrata , Hembrom Rabi , Bose Ushirin , Gupta Saurabh
Published: December 2020

Background: The aim of the study was to establish the usefulness of preservation of the stapedius tendon and the incudo-stapedial joint during the surgical procedure for the treatment of otosclerosis, to find out the advantages of neo-stapedotomy over standard stapedotomy and to compare the hearing improvement in neo-stapedotomy and stapedotomy.

Methods: A prospective, randomised, controlled study with a sample size of 150 patients (ears) presented with pure conductive deafness, paracusis willisii and tinnitus was done. The patients were divided in to group A (n=60) &and group B (n=90), where neo-stapedotomy and standard stapedotomy procedure were performed respectively. Pure tone audiometry and tympanometry were done both pre and postoperatively. Speech discrimination score (SDS) and loudness discomfort levels (LDL) were measured at 3 months postoperatively.   

Results: Postoperative hearing improvement in both groups was almost identical. Improvement in middle ear compliance was marginally more in group A patients. Stapedial reflex could be elicited in 72 % of the patients in group A, but remained absent in group B, at 3 month post-operatively. The SDS became worse with more than 20 dB suprathreshold sounds in group B patients whereas it was maintained even with 80 dB in most patients of group A. Post-operative mean LDL for both pure tone and speech frequency in group A patients were higher than those in group B.  

Conclusions: The difference of SDS and LDL between two groups were statistically significant. Hence, neo-stapedotomy is a better procedure, as no postoperative pseudo-recruitment ‘rollover’ observed and also dynamic range of hearing increased.
A comparative study of the efficacy of preoperative loteprednol versus flurbiprofen in cataract surgery
Authors: Chand Tek , Chauhan Arvind
Published: December 2020

To evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of preoperative loteprednol versus flurbiprofen, when combined with moxifloxacin in maintaining intraoperative mydriasis and reducing postoperative complications.

200 cataract patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 receiving preoperative Flurbiprofen(0.03%) with moxifloxacin(0.5%) and Group 2 receiving Loteprednol(0.5%) with moxifloxacin(0.5%), three times a day 24 hrs prior to cataract surgery,followed by postoperative loteprednol(0.5%) and moxifloxacin(0.5%) in both groups. Intraoperative mydriasis and post operative complications were analysed. Patients were followed up on day 1, 1 week, 3 weeks and 7 weeks. Parameters evaluated included inflammation, pain, corneal edema, anterior chamber reaction (including cells and flare), intraocular pressure, CME.

Intraoperative mydriasis obtained in both the groups was comparable with no significant difference. Postoperative visual outcome was also comparable but postoperative inflammation was slightly more in Group 1 (p <0.05). Pain was more in group 1 on first postoperative day which was not statistically significant but this difference did not persist during further follow ups. 3 patients in group 1 and 2 patients in Group 2 developed CME on the last follow up which was not statistically significant. The rest of the parameters were comparable in the 2 groups with a much better compliance in group 2.

This hospital based study in western Rajasthan revealed Loteprednol to be equally potent as flurbiprofen in maintaining intraoperative mydriasis along with significant reduction of postoperative complications while maintaining cost effectiveness and compliance as a single eye drop was used before and after surgery, with no steroid related complications.
Role of body mass index and blood pressure on intraocular pressure in elderly population
Authors: Reddy Reddyvari Dinesh , Reddy B
Published: December 2020

To identify the role of body mass index (BMI) and Blood pressure (BP) on Intraocular pressure (IOP) in elder population.

Totally 50 elderly individuals without any systemic diseases were included and IOP was measured by tonometer. Total subjects divided into 3 groups based on BMI as: Group1 with BMI≥25 and Group 2 with BMI ≤ 30. Mean and standard deviation of IOP, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were statistically analysed.

Out of a total of 50 Subjects, 23 (46%) subjects had normal weight, 15(30%) subjects were overweight and 10 (20%) subjects were obese. Mean age of 56.5 ± 9.5 and 56.2 ± 9.4 years in male and females (p=145). Mean BMI of 25.8 ± 3.9 and 26.4 ± 4.2 kg/m in male and females. SBP of 135.8 ± 20.4 and 128.4 ± 21.5 mmHg in male and female (p=0.02). Mean DBP of 78.5 ± 10.5 and 81.4 ± 10.5 mmHg in male and female (p=0.04). Mean CCT of right eye was 515.5 ± 31.2 and 510.2 ± 28.8 μm in male and females respectively (p=0.03). Mean IOP of right eye was 15.6 ± 2.2 and 14.9 ± 2 mm Hg in male and females respectively (p=0.25). Mean CCT of left eye was 520.4 ± 27.5 and 515.2 ± 28.5 μm in male and females respectively (p=0.03). Mean IOP of left eye was 15.1 ± 2.2 and 14.9 ± 2.1 mm Hg in male and females respectively (p=0.12). The mean IOP of right eye is highest in the overweight and obese age groups. The mean SBP is highest in the overweight and obese age groups. The mean DBP is highest in the overweight and obese age group. Hence, increase in BMI results in non-significant increase in IOP and BP as age increases in normal BMI subjects. For obese Subjects, there was positive correlation between the BMI, age, IOP, SBP and DBP. Increase in BMI resulted in increase in IOP, increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively with increase in age.

Results showed positive correlation relationship between BMI and intra-ocular pressure, BMI and blood pressure and BMI and age in obese population. It indicate that subjects with higher BMI have lower ocular blood flow. Results suggest that IOP increases with increasing age and increasing BMI. Periodic checking of IOP in elderly and overweight individuals can play an important role in reducing the morbidity due to glaucoma.
Energy Savings Insurance: Advances and Opportunities for Funding Small- and Medium-Sized Energy Efficiency and Distributed Generation Projects in Chile
Authors: Chaparro Rodrigo , Netto Maria , Mansilla Patricio , Magallon Daniel
Published: December 2020

The Energy Savings Insurance Program seeks to promote investment in energy efficiency and distributed generation in Latin America, primarily through small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It focuses on developing an innovative scheme of guaranteed energy performance that mitigates project risk and generates investor confidence (ESI Model). The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) facilitates the development of the ESI Program in alliance with the National Development Banks (NDBs). The ESI Model includes a contract for the supply, installation, and maintenance of equipment for generating a stipulated amount of energy or energy savings over a specific time period; validation by an independent body; insurance coverage that backs the savings or the guaranteed energy generation; and project financing. This paper describes the main attributes of the ESI Model (the contract, the insurance, validation and financing), evaluates market potential and the most attractive technologies, and identifies the priority sectors for implementing projects in Chile. The most promising economic sectors were found to be the hospitality industry, food processing industry, grape growing/wine production, and the fishing industry, and the technologies of electric motors, boilers, air conditioning systems and photovoltaic solar generation. In each of these sectors, estimates were made of financing requirements as well as CO2 emission reductions that could be achieved.
Diversidade nas organizações: da ação afirmativa para o processo de gestão
Authors: Renner Jacinta Sidegum , Gomes Gisele
Published: December 2020

Este artigo objetiva analisar os conceitos de diversidade sob a ótica da administração e a transição da proposição de ação afirmativa para a gestão da diversidade nas organizações. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório realizada por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura de artigos publicados em periódicos. Apesar do contexto cultural diversificado da sociedade e das empresas, o tema é relativamente recente na agenda das organizações brasileiras. Compreende-se que a diversidade deixou de ser uma opção para as empresas, pois é considerada hoje um fator importante para o modelo de negócio em diversas organizações. Conviver com e entre as diferenças, seja de gênero, cor, religião ou classes, entre outras, é elemento de impacto nos resultados corporativos, gerando um negócio sustentável e com responsabilidade. Partindo da elaboração de um referencial teórico sobre a gestão da diversidade infere-se que o tema no Brasil e no mundo está em constante transformação sendo um campo fértil para estudos e publicações.
HERBICIDE SELECTIVITY IN PREEMERGENCE OF SWEET SORGHUM CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT SOIL TEXTURE
Authors: LIMA MARIUCÉLIO SANTOS , DE CARVALHO CAIO QUERNE , PADOVESE LUCAS MATHEUS , INOJOSA FERREIRA LUIZ AUGUSTO , OLIVERIA JUNIOR RUBÉM SILVÉRIO DE , BIFFE DENIS FERNANDO
Published: December 2020

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an interesting alternativefor biomass and ethanol production, however, so far there is very limited knowledge regarding selective herbicide options for weed control in this crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of preemergence herbicides for sweet sorghum. This research was composed by two steps: in the first one, a greenhouse screening was carried out with several herbicide treatments and in the following step the most selective treatments were evaluated on field conditions. In sandy clay loam texture soil, the treatments involving atrazine (1000 and 2000 g ha-1), amicarbazone (210 g ha-1), trifluralin (500 g ha-1) and flumioxazin (25 g ha-1) provided the greatest levels of selectivity to sweet sorghum. In clay soil (64.7% clay), the treatments with atrazine (1000, 1500 and 2000 g ha-1), amicarbazone (280 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (480 g ha-1), [atrazine + S-metolachlor] ([601+471,2 g ha-1), pendimethalin (500 g ha-1) and imazethapyr (42.4 and 63.6 g ha-1) provided the lowest levels of crop injury, and were considered as the most selective for sweet sorghum. Herbicide treatments applied to sandy clay loam soil provided more injuries to sweet sorghum than those applied to clay soil.
Design of a Rapid Installation Structure for Prefabricated Modular Cabin
Authors: Chen Jie , Luo Ji
Published: December 2020

This paper introduces a design of a rapid installation structure of prefabricated modular cabin, which can achieve the purpose of rapid installation of prefabricated modular cabin, also effectively reduce the difficulty of the installation and effectively improve the installation efficiency. The prefabricated modular cabins installed by rapid installation has good wind resistance performance, it can prevent being blown down by strong wind during the installation, also could be disassembled when necessary after the installation.
Research on Application of Teaching Method Based on Micro-class in Engineering Structure Course
Authors: Dong Xiaohui
Published: December 2020

With the advent of the "Internet +" era, the traditional teaching mode of colleges and universities has undergone tremendous changes. The use of new media such as Wechat, Weibo, news application, Douyin, and live broadcast platforms has broken through the limitations of traditional classroom teaching time and space, and has achieved remarkable results. The micro-course teaching method based on the network teaching platform plays an important role in the teaching of various majors in colleges and universities. This article focuses on the application of engineering structure courses based on the micro-course teaching method.
Application and Research of Intelligent Robot
Authors: Kou Mingyun
Published: December 2020

Intelligent robot is the product of more and more intelligent robot under the development of science and technology. Its continuous upgrading has greatly promoted the development of modern society and brought great changes to our production and life. This change will continue with the development of intelligent robot technology. It can be predicted that human life will become more and more intelligent in the future. This paper briefly describes the overview and four development stages of intelligent robot, and introduces the application of intelligent robot in military field, commercial field, industrial agriculture field and medical field, and analyzes the research direction of intelligent robot in the future.
Reflections on the Reform of Medical Education in Contemporary Colleges and Universities
Authors: Song Yu , Chu Hongbo , Zhao Zhongwei , Wang Mingxing
Published: December 2020

The advancement of science and technology and the advent of a new era have made my country's medical education field show more vigorous vitality in the continuous development of the times. Therefore, how to improve the medical education reform in colleges and universities under the current social background has become a problem that needs to be solved by people. From different angles, the author looks for specific ways to promote reforms in an orderly manner, hoping to provide references for other medical educators.
Research on the Scientization of University Party Building Work in the Big Data Era
Authors: Wang Hao
Published: December 2020

The work of party building in colleges and universities is an important way and carrier to serve the development of colleges and universities and ensure that the party’s policies and routes are fully implemented in colleges and universities. In the era of big data, great changes have been brought to the party building work of colleges and universities. Only by deepening the understanding of ideas and strengthening the standardized construction and application of the application of big data technology in party building work can the party building work of colleges and universities meet the needs of reform and development in the new era.
The Discussion on the Management Strategies of Education and Teaching Quality in the Popularization Stage of Higher Education
Authors: Wang Oujuan
Published: December 2020

Talent training is the responsibility of higher education institutions, and the key to talent training lies in the quality of the talents cultivated. It is generally believed that the quality of the talents cultivated reflects the teaching quality of higher education institutions, the foundation for the long-term development of college students, and the core of quality education after the new curriculum reform. As our country's higher education has entered the stage of popularization, higher education institutions have provided a steady stream of human resources for social construction. However, due to the influence of some objective factors, some higher education teaching has appeared the phenomenon inconsistent with modern education goals. This paper will start with the connotation of the quality standards of higher education, analyze the problems in education and teaching in the stage of popularization of higher education, and give corresponding solutions.
A Study on the Strategies of Classroom Construction of English E-Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Yi Mengmeng
Published: December 2020

In recent years, information technology has made rapid progress and its application has become more and more extensive. Under the background of information technology, it is very important to study the classroom teaching of higher vocational English. This paper mainly summarizes the positive role of informationization in higher vocational English classroom teaching, and then focuses on the construction of vocational English e-teaching classroom strategies, hoping to provide reference for the future reform of vocational English.
Ideological and Political Exploration and Practice of Aircraft Structure Design Course
Authors: Yu Jia
Published: December 2020

In the modern society with the rapid development of economy and technology, the aircraft structure design course is gradually concerned. The ideological and political education in aircraft structure design is not perfect. For the ideological and political exploration of transferred students, we need to pay more attention to the outlook on life, values and other aspects. It is necessary to apply the relevant elements of ideological and political education in the aircraft structure design course, in order to establish the correct learning concepts, which are beneficial to students' philosophical analysis ability, activity and philosophical problem-solving ability. Firstly, this paper summarizes the current situation of ideological and political exploration of aircraft structure design course, analyzes the deficiencies and problems existing in the ideological and political education of aircraft structure design course, and puts forward countermeasures and practical plans, so as to integrates the correct ideological and political elements into professional courses teaching, and enhances the talent system and culture cultivation in colleges and universities.
Analysis of the Current Situation and Countermeasures of the Application of WeChat Public Platform for Teachers' Professional Development
Authors: Dong Huan , Luo Li
Published: December 2020

At present, the popularity of WeChat social software in the domestic public is very high, and it has a huge user base. With the help of WeChat for marketing, information dissemination, education, etc., the efficiency is high. WeChat has become the application of current education professional teaching development. One of the main models, its own application has certain advantages. This article introduces the positive role of the WeChat public platform application in the professional development of teachers, studies the construction and application status of the WeChat public platform in the professional development of teachers, and analyzes the public WeChat public in the professional development of teachers the effective application strategy of the platform provides some ideas and references for promoting the application of the WeChat public platform in the professional development of teachers.
Discussion on Teaching Reform Strategy of Visual Communication Laboratory Course
Authors: Gao Guangmin
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, the rapid development of information technology in society has led to continuous changes in the field of traditional media. The interactive, dynamic, and high-tech features of new media have increased the requirements for professional knowledge of visual communication. Visual communication laboratory course teaching the task of reform is imminent. This article analyzes the problems existing in the current stage of visual communication laboratory course teaching, combined with the research results in the field of visual communication at home and abroad, and aims to provide useful ideas for the current teaching reform of visual communication laboratory courses.
A practical Study of the “Process Approach” in Writing Teaching in the EFL Class
Authors: Li Xingmei
Published: December 2020

It is no doubt that English plays a vital role in many fields as the rapid development of the globalization. English writing is served as an important part in the communication of international trade, education and culture. However, English writing teaching is considered being the most challenging one in all the courses. Many teachers have been working for an effective teaching method but only to find that it is not an easy job. This study bases on the Process Approach, putting the theory into practice, and tries to find out an effective teaching strategy in the EFL class, providing some useful suggestions for English teaching.
Financing Path Analysis of Small and Micro Enterprises Based on Internet Finance
Authors: Cheng Chen
Published: December 2020

Small and micro enterprises are an important part of China’s economy and an important driving force to create tax revenue. However, the financial services they obtain do not match their economic status seriously, and they often fall into the plight of insufficient capital turnover. In this context, according to the traditional financing mode of small and micro enterprises, this paper analyzes the financing mode of Internet finance, and selects the financing path represented by P2P financing, crowdfunding financing and e-commerce small loan platform, and analyzes the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Finally, based on the perspective of Internet finance, the financing path of small and micro enterprises is optimized and proposed.
On the Development Status and Strategy of Digital Currency of the Central Bank of China
Authors: Pan Guangxin , Guo Tianfeng , Xia Junjie
Published: December 2020

 With the gradual rise of financial science and technology, the traditional currency tends to be eliminated due to various limitations. Digital currency technology based on block chain technology emerges as the times require. With the gradual deepening of the research on legal digital currency by the central bank, the implementation of legal digital currency will be the inevitable choice of China’s economic development, and also the inevitable requirement of complying with the trend of economic globalization and informatization. This paper studies the development status of digital currency at home and abroad and the importance of central bank issuing digital currency, and analyzes the main causes of the risk problems of circulation environment, laws and regulations, financial system and technical system faced by the Central Bank of China in promoting digital currency, including the implementation of laws and regulations, protection of users’ rights and interests, establishment of monitoring and analysis department, promotion of digital currency, etc. This paper puts forward specific measures and suggestions for the central bank to issue digital currency.
Akademizm w twórczości Mojżesza Kislinga (1891–1953)
Authors: Malinowski Jerzy
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja twórczości wszechstronnego artysty z formacji École de Paris Mojżesza Kislinga (1891–1953). Główny wysiłek badawczy został skierowany na omówienie portretów i aktów malarza powstałych w latach 30., które związane były z nurtem akademickim w jego dorobku. W portretach takich jak Biała kryza (1930) i Ingrid (1932), artysta ujawnia również zainteresowanie historyzmem, co widoczne jest w kostiumie wzorowanym na stroju z XVII wieku i inspiracji oszczędnym w wyrazie mieszczańskim, północnoeuropejskim portrecie tej samej epoki. Użycie kostiumu i formuły portretu historycznego wprowadziło do malarstwa Kislinga odniesienia do konwencji wizerunku dworskiego a zarazem akademickiego portretu wielkiej burżuazji XIX wieku. Malarz traktował je ironicznie, prowadząc prowokującą grę z konwencjami sztuki salonowej. Grupa tzw. „aktów leżących”, z lat 30. XX wieku (np. Akt na kwiecistym kobiercu (1935) czy Greta (1937) jak też zespół martwych natur z rybami także reprezentują podobną „akademicką” konwencję dialogu z malarstwem historycznym.
Sociology and Philosophy: Inseparable and Non-Merged. The Birth of Marxist Sociology from the Spirit of Bolshevism. Part 2
Authors: Malinkin Alexander
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the problem of the relationship between sociology and philosophy in Soviet Russia in the 1920’s, which resulted in the birth of “Marxist sociology” and its approval in the 1930’s. In the second part of the article, social science discourse is analyzed in order to identify typical interpretations for the terms
“sociology”, “sociological”, “sociologist”, and their three main meanings are revealed.
It is proven that the spirit of Bolshevik intolerance for dissidence, which, as shown in the first part of the article, V. Lenin transferred from the political sphere to the intellectual realm, corresponds with the schismatic and religious-sectarian ethos. The author sees the origins of the political cultural canons he generated, as well as the style of public communications, in the charismatic personality traits of the founder of such an ideological trend as Bolshevism. The spirit of Bolshevism became a decisive, but negative factor that influenced the development of informal groups within academic and university communities, and through them — the forced sacralization of the teachings of K. Marx and F. Engels, the emergence of “Marxism-Leninism” and “Marxist sociology”. The “Discussion about ideologies” demonstrates the typical Leninist style of polemics. In conclusion, the historical fate of “Marxist sociology” is briefly evaluated.
Remembering Oleg Nikolaevich Yanitsky, a Great Scientist and an Extraordinary Person
Authors: Basheva Olga
Published: December 2020

This article presents the main milestones in the professional biography of Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Oleg Nikolayevich Yanitsky — an environmental sociologist, urbanist, researcher of the Russian environmental movement, one of the founders of Russian environmental sociology; the main methods and principles of his work; the ideas on which the concepts he developed are based, in particular, the concept of urbanization as a world-historical process of intensifying communication and integrating various forms of practical life activities, the interdisciplinary concept of a modern big city being a socio-biotechnical system, the concept of a society of universal risk, the concept of the primary eco-structure and individual resource field as a social microstructure, created to give eco-activists enhanced opportunities for social action.
Teodor Shanin: “Let’s stand on the Side of the Light against the Forces of Darkness”!
Authors: Doktorov Boris , Nikulin Alexander
Published: December 2020

The conversation between Boris Doktorov and Alexander Nikulin is devoted to the discussion of the intelligent and existential heritage of the British and Russian sociologist Teodor Shanin (10.29.1930 – 02.04.2020), who passed away this year on the eve of his 90th birthday.
Particular attention in the conversation is paid to the ethical basis of Shanin’s intellectual and social activities. On examples from the biography of Teodor Shanin, from childhood memories spent in Stalin’s Siberian exile, to Shanin speeches at the symposium “Where is Russia Going” of the post-Soviet period, the most important milestones of the sociopolitical development of Russia are reconstructed, connected by the theme of the people, intelligentsia and power.
A kind of ethical paradox in Shanin’s worldview and actions is emphasized, on the one hand, being guided by the principles of ethical relativism, on the other hand, who always insisted on an uncompromising and activist choice of a person in favor of good in the fight against the forces of evil.
In conclusion, the ways of further study and development of Teodor Shanin’s heritage are discussed.
Об одном алгоритме расчета движений молекул двухатомных газов
Authors: Поляков Сергей Владимирович , Polyakov Sergey Vladimirovich , Подрыга Виктория Олеговна , Podryga Viktoriya Olegovna
Published: December 2020

Рассматривается проблема моделирования свойств двухатомных газов методами
молекулярной динамики. Подобные исследования являются традиционными для
физики вещества. В настоящее время наблюдается повышенный интерес к данной
проблеме в связи с развитием нанотехнологий и их внедрением в различные отрасли промышленности. В предлагаемой работе рассмотрен вопрос об уточнении исходной классической модели динамики Ньютона. В частности, обсуждается методика учета дополнительных степеней свободы, характеризующих вращательные
движения двухатомных молекул. Это связано с необходимостью корректного вычисления теплоемкости. Для решения данной задачи предложено добавить в модель молекулярной динамики уравнения для моментов импульса и вращательных
скоростей молекул. Для такой расширенной постановки разработан специальный
численный алгоритм, обобщающий схему Верле. На основе предложенного алгоритма разработана расчетная программа. С ее помощью вычислена кривая теплоемкости для азота в диапазоне температур 100-400 К при давлении 1 атм. Полученные расчетные данные согласуются с известными данными из справочников.
The N6-methyladenosine-modified Pseudogene HSPA7 Correlates with the Tumor Microenvironment and Predicts the Response to Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhao Rongrong , Li Boyan , Zhang Shouji , He Zheng , Pan Ziwen , Li Xu , Guo Qindong , Qiu Wei , Qi Yanhua , Zhao Shulin , Wang Shaobo , Chen Zihang , Zhang Ping , Guo Xing , Xue Hao , Li Gang
Published: December 2020

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most aggressive cancers in brain tumor type, have no effective and sufficient therapies. Identifying robust biomarkers of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, a promising treatment option for GBM patients, are urgently warranted.Methods: We comprehensively evaluated the m6A modification patterns of lncRNAs via m6A-sequencing (m6A-seq) data of GBM tissues. And systematically investigated the immune and stromal regulators in these m6A regulated lncRNAs. We used the ssGSEA (single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis) algorithm to investigate the difference on enrichment of TME cell infiltration and functional annotation of HSPA7 in individual GBM sample.Results: We depicted a transcriptome-wide m6A methylation profiling of lncRNAs in GBM for the first time, revealing the highly distinct m6A modification patterns of lncRNAs, compared to the normal brain tissues. And we identified m6A modified pseudogene HSPA7 as a novel risk prognostic factor for GBM patients, playing crucial roles in immunophenotype, stromal and carcinogenic pathways activation, having a robust predictive capacity of ICB immunotherapeutic response.Conclusions: This work revealed that the m6A modified lncRNA HSAP7 played a nonnegligible role in tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration, stromal and carcinogenic activation, and could be a robust predictive biomarker of ICB immunotherapy for GBM patients.
Decreased Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte-Monocyte Ratio and Platelet-Monocyte Ratio and the Peripheral Blood Score Model Predict Poor Survival in Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shi Yuanfei , Shen Huafei , Shou Lihong , Fang Qiu , Zheng Xiaolong , Zhu Mingyu , Huang Xin , Huang Jiansong , Li Li , Zhou De , Zhu Lixia , Zhu Jingjing , Ye Xiujin , Jin Jie , Xie Wanzhuo
Published: December 2020

Background. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma(PTCL) is a group of lymphoproliferative tumors originated from post-thymic T cells or mature natural killer (NK) cells. It shows highly aggressive clinical behaviour, resistance to conventional chemotherapy, and a poor prognosis. Its incidence rate in China is 1 to 2 times higher than in western countries. Therefore, optimal strategies for identifying high-risk patients are urgently needed. Methods. We retrospectively studied 347 newly diagnosed PTCL patients from January 2011 to October 2019 and analyzed the relationship between peripheral blood lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-monocyte ratio (PMR) and prognosis. The model of Peripheral Blood Score was established to screen out high-risk patients.Results. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value based on survival rate. It was found that patients with PTCL with LMR ≤ 1.68 and PMR ≤ 300 had inferior overall survival (OS) and the difference was significant in both low-risk (P＜0.001) and medium high-risk (P＜0.001) groups of IPI score. In multivariate analysis, LMR ≤ 1.68 (HR=1.751, 95% CI 1.158-2.647, p=0.006), PMR ≤ 300 (HR=1.762, 95% CI 1.201-2.586, p=0.002), stage III-IV (HR=3.276, 95% CI 1.512-7.099, p=0.003), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 3-5 (HR=2.351, 95% CI 1.647-3.356, p＜0.001) and extra-nodal invasion more than one site (HR=1.659, 95% CI 1.125-2.445, p=0.039) were independently associated with short survival. LMR and PMR were integrated into "Peripheral Blood Score (PBS)" model. PTCL patients were divided into three risk groups: low-risk group, medium risk group and high-risk group. The 1-year OS was 86%, 55.3% and 22.6%, and the 3-year OS was 43.4%, 20% and 13.1%, respectively.Conclusion. Overall, LMR and PMR can be used as early prognostic indicators in PTCL patients. Moreover, we can easily detect the complete blood cell count (CBC), and use PBS model to preliminarily screen and stratify patients. It is simple, convenient and accurate to screen out patients with short lives, and formulate personalized treatment strategies.
Sofosbuvir-Upregulated Genes Facilitate The Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tsai Wei-Lun , Cheng Jing-Shiung , Liu Pei-Feng , Chang Tsung-Hsien , Chang Yu-yi , Sun Wei-Chih , Chen Wen-Chi , Shu Chih-Wen
Published: December 2020

Background: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) rate of 95-99% in treating HCV. Several studies suggested that treatment with sofosbuvir (SOF) containing DAAs may be associated with increased risk of developing HCC. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential mechanisms of SOF on the development of HCC.Methods: This study used OR-6 (harboring full-length genotype 1b HCV) and Huh 7.5.1 cells to examine the effects of SOF on cell proliferation and migration in HCC cells. SOF-upregulated genes in OR-6 cells were inspected using next generation sequencing (NGS) and the clinical significance of these candidate genes was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. siRNA-mediated knockdown of candidate genes and their influence on cell proliferation and migration were also examined.Results: SOF increased cell proliferation and cell migration in OR-6 and Huh7.5.1 cells in both two- and three-dimensional culture models. NGS identified several genes that were significantly upregulated by SOF in OR-6 cells. Among these genes, PHOSPHO2, KLHL23, TRIM39, TSNAX-DISC1 and RPP21 expression were significantly elevated in the tumor part compared with the non-tumor part of HCC in the TCGA database. PHOSPHO2 and RPP21 were found to be associated with overall survival of HCC patients in the TCGA database. Moreover, knockdown of PHOSPHO2-KLHL23, TSNAX-DISC1, TRIM39 and RPP21 ameliorated cell proliferation and migration increased by SOF in OR-6 and Huh 7.5.1 cells. Conclusion: SOF upregulated several genes that were associated with increased cell proliferation and migration and the development of HCC.
Radiation Safety of Current European Practices of Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine: Survey Results from 20 HERCA Countries
Authors: Bly Ritva
Published: December 2020

Purpose: New radiotherapies in nuclear medicine have been introduced in Europe during recent years. Moreover, radiation safety of therapeutic nuclear medicine should be in line with the latest European Council Directive on Basic Safety Standards (BSSD) (2013/59/Euratom). The purpose of this study was to acquire up-to-date information on nuclear medicine treatments in Europe and on the implementation of the requirements of the BSSD in HERCA (Heads of the European Radiological protection Competent Authorities) member states. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was distributed to competent authorities of 32 HERCA member states. The questionnaire addressed 33 explicitly considered treatments including 13 different radionuclides, and for each treatment, a similar set of questions was included. Questions covered the use of treatments, hospitalization of patients and waste management related to therapeutic nuclear medicine involving other radionuclides than 131 I, justification of treatments, individual treatment planning, involvement of a medical physics expert (MPE) and radiation protection instructions related to release of the patient.Results: Responses were obtained from 20 HERCA countries. All countries used 131 I-NaI for benign thyroid diseases and thyroid ablation of adults. 223 RaCl2 (Xofigo®) for bone metastases, 177 Lusomatostatin analogues for neuroendocrine tumors and 177 Lu-PSMA for castration resistant prostate cancer (PC) and PC-metastases were used in 90%, 65% and 55% of countries respectively. Only a few countries had treatment specific criteria for hospitalization and waste management for new treatments. Requirements for justification of new therapies were in place in almost all countries. Individual treatment planning was required for all therapies in 55% and for some therapies in 28% of the responding countries. Implementation of the requirement for MPEs to be closely involved in nuclear medicine practices varied to a great extend among countries. Almost all countries answered that some radiation protection instructions existed for patients released after other than 131 I treatment, however in a very few countries had specific guidelines been developed.Conclusions: There is a wide variation in therapeutic use of nuclear medicine across Europe, but there is an increasing tendency towards these types of treatments. Furthermore, the implementation of the BSSD on the involvement of MPEs and individual treatment planning including dosimetry differs from country to country. Requirements on justification are in place.
Patellar Tendon Quality and Knee Symptoms in Male Athletes Before the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Pereira Carla Soncino , Klauznicer Jasenko , McAuliffe Sean , Whiteley Rodney , Finni Taija Juutinen
Published: December 2020

Background: It is unknown if the quality of the patellar tendon is affected by an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. ACL deficient patients (ACL-D) have shown to have knee pain, quadriceps weakness and reduced knee function. Ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC) has been used to assess the quality of tendons by quantifying the proportion of echo-types using a numerical grading system from best to worst (I-IV). The primary aims of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the patellar tendon quality in athletes with unilateral ACL injuries, and to compare them to asymptomatic control tendons. The secondary aims were to assess the impact of anterior knee pain (AKP) in the patellar tendons of ACL-D, and to explore possible correlations between tendon quality and knee pain, knee extensor strength and time from ACL injury. Methods: UTC was used to scan both patellar tendons of 81 ACL-D athletes and 20 control tendons. Echo-types distribution was calculated to compare the quality between limbs of ACL-D and control tendons; and to compare ACL-D with AKP, other knee pain, and without pain. Associations between the variables of tendon quality and knee symptoms were explored. Results: No difference in tendon quality was found between limbs of ACL-D. Both tendons of ACL-D displayed more echo-type II at the patellar apex, and same or less echo-types III and IV than controls. The proximal half of the control tendons displayed better quality than the distal half. ACL-D knees with pain displayed less extensor strength, however, in addition to the lack of difference in tendon quality regardless of the presence and location of pain, there was no meaningful association between pain, extensor strength and tendon quality. Nevertheless, there were weak to moderate associations between tendon quality and time from ACL injury. Conclusion: Despite the ACL injury, there is no difference in tendon quality between ACL-D limbs, or when subgrouping ACL-D tendons by presence and location of knee pain. Different areas of the patellar tendon may present different characteristics that might be related to training. Tendon quality is better if a person has longer time from injury.
Clinical application of the 2011 IFCPC colposcope terminology in the era of HPV vaccines
Authors: Zhang Bei , Hong Shuhui , Zhang Guihui , Rong Fengnian
Published: December 2020

Background Colposcopy is the conjunction with screening and diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions. However the diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy is unsatisfied. This study was to evaluate colposcopic accuracy according to the 2011 International Federation of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC) terminology.Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed in 1,838 patients who underwent colposcopy in Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University from October 2013 to April 2018. Using conization or cervical biopsy pathology as the gold standard, the agreement between colposcopic diagnosis and pathologic diagnosis was calculated, and correlations between variables were analyzed. Results As an authoritative and widely used terminology for colposcopy diagnosis, the 2011 IFCPC terminology has certain clinical practicality and diagnostic accuracy. However, some signs such as mosaic, punctuation, sharp border, inner border sign and ridge sign had high specificity but unsatisfactory sensitivity, which limited the diagnostic value. Therefore, we discussed the Lugol’s staining, a very common sign in colposcopy, and analyzed the diagnostic significance of bright yellow staining in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and mustard yellow staining in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). The results showed that mustard yellow may be a valuable indicator in the diagnosis of HSIL. Conclusion With the wide acceptance of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines and HPV-based screening, there will be new challenges to accurately identify the signs of non-HPV16 and non-HPV18 infections and of minor lesions using colposcopy. In this study, we provide some recommendations in dealing with these challenges. More clinical research will be needed to further refine colposcopy terminology, improve diagnostic accuracy, and ensure that the World Health Organization’s goal of eliminating cervical cancer worldwide by 2030 is achieved.
Serum tumour markers combined with clinicopathological characteristics for predicting MMR and KRAS status in 2279 Chinese colorectal cancer patients: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhao Ning , Cao Yinghao , Yang Jia , Li Hang , Wu Ke , Wang Jiliang , Peng Tao , Cai Kailin
Published: December 2020

Background

Although serum tumour markers (STMs), clinicopathological characteristics and the status of KRAS and MMR play an important role in optimizing the treatment and improving the prognosis of colorectal cancer, their interrelationships remain largely unknown.
Methods

A retrospective analysis of 2279 patients who underwent KRAS or MMR status testing and STM measurements prior to treatment over the past four years was conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify independent predictive factors of KRAS and MMR status. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive value of individual and combined factors.
Results

Of the 784 patients tested for KRAS and 2279 patients tested for MMR status, KRAS mutations and dMMR were identified in 276 patients (35.20%) and 177 patients (7.77%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that right colon, well and moderate differentiation and negative CA19-9 were independent predictors for KRAS mutations. The ROC curve yielded an AUC of 0.609 for the combination of the three factors. Age < 65 was an independent predictive factor for dMMR, along with tumour size > 4.6 cm, right colon, poor differentiation, harvested lymph nodes ≥ 22, no lymph node metastasis, no perineural invasion, negative CEA and positive CA72-4. When the nine criteria were used together, the AUC was 0.849.
Conclusion

Both STMs and clinicopathological characteristics were found to be significantly associated with the status of KRAS and MMR. The combination of these two factors possessed a strong predictive power for targeted genes among CRC patients.
Empirical Study on Motivation: Embedding design thinking mini project
Authors: Syed Marzuki Sharifah Zannierah , Osman Che Asniza , Buyong Siti Zahrah , Mohammad Kamaruddin Laila
Published: December 2020

Design thinking is a critical component and has a potential impact on business competitiveness. The effort should start early so that younger generations can develop their intellectual abilities to be able to think creatively and develop innovative products or services through the ideation stage until commercialization. The significance of this study is building interest among students taking a subject on entrepreneurship on the importance of new product development and the stages that they need to go through before commercialization takes place. The research aims to determine whether educator-student interaction, student to student interactions, and critical thinking skills can influence motivation.
Keywords: Design Thinking; Motivation; Creativity; Innovation
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2458.