bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of a co-flowing jet with varying lip thickness and constant bypass ratio
Authors: R. Naren Shankar , S. Kevin Bennett
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Subsonic commercial aircraft operate with turbo-fan engines that operate with moderate bypass ratio (BR) co-flowing jets (CFJ). This study aims to analyse CFJ with constant BR 6.3 and varying primary nozzle lip thickness (LT) to find a critical LT in CFJ below which mixing enhances and beyond which mixing inhibits.

Design/methodology/approach

CFJ were characterized with a constant BR of 6.3 and varying lip thicknesses. A single free jet with a diameter equal to that of a primary nozzle of the co-flowing jet was also studied for comparison.

Findings

The results show that within a critical limit, the mixing enhanced with an increase in LT. This was signified by a reduction in potential core length (PCL). Beyond this limit, mixing inhibited leading to the elongation of PCL. This limit was controlled by parameters such as LT and magnitude of BR.

Practical implications

The BR value of CFJ in the present study was 6.3. This lies under the moderate BR value at which subsonic commercial turbofan operates. Hence, it becomes impervious to study its mixing behavior.

Originality/value

This is the first effort to find the critical value of LT for a constant BR for compressible co-flow jets. The CFJ with moderate BR and varying LT has not been studied in the past. The present study focuses on finding a critical LT below which mixing enhances and above which mixing inhibits.
Published errors and errata in library and information science journals
Authors: Erfanmanesh Mohammadamin , Morovati Marzieh
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the characterization of corrections to the papers published in Library and Information Science (LIS) journals during 2006-2015. It studies the frequency and location of the published errors, time interval between the publication of the original papers and their corrections, as well as associations between journals’ impact factors (IF) and their correction rates.

Design/methodology/approach

The population of the study comprised of 369 errata published in 50 LIS journals. The data were obtained from Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science (WoS) and Journal Citation Reports.

Findings

The results of the study revealed a correction rate of 0.37 per cent for LIS journals, which is substantially lower than that of 124 subject categories with at-least one erratum in the WoS. Among the countries with the highest number of errata in LIS journals, the USA ranked first, followed by China and England. However, the greatest share of errata to overall LIS publications of the country was seen in Kazakhstan, Russia and Botswana. Results showed that no statistically significant relationships existed between the journals’ IF and their correction rates. The highest proportion of errors published in LIS literature was occurred in authors’ information, references, tables and figures. Moreover, the average time from publication of the original articles to their corresponding errata was found to be 8.7 months.

Social implications

Correcting the unintentional mistakes in scholarly articles is an ethical responsibility of researchers and journal editors.

Originality/value

The current research tries to investigate the characteristics of errata in the LIS field.
Luxury international business: a critical review and agenda for research
Authors: Roberts Joanne
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Through a critical review of the impact of luxury international business, this study aims to contribute to an understanding of business activities that depend on an unequal distribution of income and wealth.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on a wide range of academic and practitioner literature, this study adopts a critical luxury studies approach to provide an assessment of the economic and social impact of luxury international business.

Findings

Luxury is an increasingly important sector of the economy, which contributes to the welfare of increasing numbers of people across the world. Alongside its dependence on an unequal distribution of income and wealth and the negative aspects to which this gives rise, luxury business generates significant benefits to the economy and society through promoting economic growth, innovation, cultural enrichment, improved quality of the built environment and environmentally sustainable business practices. Nevertheless, an appropriate level of regulation and taxation on the excesses of contemporary luxury consumption could improve the welfare of all. Hence, luxury international business warrants investigation by critical scholars who recognize the complexity of the benefits and dark sides arising from luxury.

Research limitations/implications

This study draws on an extensive review of academic and practitioner literature. However, primary research is required to investigate further the key issues identified.

Social implications

Through an exploration of the impact of the production and consumption of luxury, this study reveals how luxury businesses serving the super-rich can contribute to the welfare of society whilst also giving rise to negative outcomes.

Originality/value

By adopting a critical luxury studies approach, this study offers an original contribution to the field of international business and introduces avenues for future critical international business research.
MNCs’ corporate environmental responsibility in emerging and developing economies
Authors: Becker-Ritterspach Florian , Simbeck Katharina , El Ebrashi Raghda
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to provide multinational corporations (MNCs) with a portfolio of corporate environmental responsibility (CER) responses that help curbing the exacerbated negative environmental externalities caused by their business activities in emerging and developing economies.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper transposes the market-related concept of institutional voids to the context of CER, that is, to the context of exacerbated negative environmental externalities as result of absent, weak or incoherent institutions.

Findings

This paper proposes that the transfer of products, processes and business models from developed to emerging or developing economies often gives rise to exacerbated negative externalities because of institutional voids in environmental protection. Thus, it suggests a portfolio of CER responses – circumventing, coping and compensating – that allow MNCs to mitigate the exacerbated negative environmental externalities caused by them.

Research limitations/implications

The authors present an analytical framework for identifying and navigating environment related institutional voids, which serves as a starting point for an action research approach. In tune with recent calls for critical performativity in critical management studies, the action research approach aims at tackling the real-life problem of exacerbated negative environmental externalities caused by MNCs’ activities in emerging and developing economies.

Social implications

This paper sensitizes scholars, policymakers and managers to exacerbated negative environmental externalities within the context of international business activities in emerging and developing economies. The contribution provides stakeholders with a better understanding of the causes as well as alternative responses to the problem.

Originality/value

This paper transposes the market-related concept of institutional voids and the strategic responses to dealing with them to the non-market context of CER. The authors argue that institutional voids can be seen as the absence or poor functioning of formal and informal institutions for environmental protection, resulting in exacerbated negative environmental externalities.
Application of the person-centered model to stress and well-being research
Authors: Somers Mark , Birnbaum Dee , Casal Jose
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate profiles of employee well-being using multiple components to better understand how well-being is experienced in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey design with 579 health care workers in the USA was administered. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify well-being profile groups.

Findings

Six well-being profile groups based on the relative levels of work stress, carry-over stress and job satisfaction were identified. Profile groups differed with respect to intention to remain in the organization and occupation, and job search behavior.

Practical implications

Models of well-being at work have generated consistently disappointing results that have not enhanced the development of programs to increase well-being at work. By identifying patterns of well-being, this study offers insights into how well-being is experienced so that more targeted programs to promote it can be implemented.

Originality/value

Although there is increased interest in the person-centered model in organizational research, it has not been applied to psychological well-being at work. This study represents an initial attempt to study configurations of well-being based on its components. Results indicate that distinct patterns of well-being are present, and those patterns are useful in gaining a greater understanding of how well-being is experienced and in how it can be more effectively managed.
Implemented and perceived high-performance work system and its effect on branch performance
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Lei Shen , Freeman Susan , Khan Mubbsher Munawar
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on unit performance relative to the mediating roles of collective human capital (CHC) at the unit level and perceived HPWS at the employee level.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 181 branch managers and 504 employees. The proposed path model was tested using the statistical package M-plus (v. 7) using a 2-1-2 multilevel approach for mediation analysis.

Findings

Generally, branch managers actively implement HPWS, and employees perceive a fairly high level of HPWS. Further, the path model indicated that CHC at the unit level and perceived HPWS at the employee level partially mediate the relationship between implemented HPWS and unit performance.

Originality/value

This study is the first to explore multilevel mediating mechanisms in the context of the largest four state-owned banks in China. A 2-1-2 multilevel analysis procedure was used to separate measurement error into relevant employee- and branch-level components to create more precise assessments of multivariate associations. Such analyses have not yet been conducted in research on HPWS prior to this study of the Chinese banking sector, but they are essential for teasing out the micro- and macro-level effects of HPWS.
High-commitment work systems and employee voice
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Akhtar Muhammad Naseer , Zhang Yajun , Rofcanin Yasin
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Although scholars have suggested that employees often carefully consider social contexts before enacting voice, few studies have explored whether firms foster employee voice behavior by adopting a set of systematic HR practices, namely, high-commitment work systems (HCWS). By integrating the literature on HCWS and voice, the purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanisms of how HCWS utilization influences employee voice.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopted multilevel analyses with HLM software to examine the research hypotheses. The authors collected data from a sample of 290 employees and 58 line managers from 11 software design and development firms in China.

Findings

HCWS utilization positively affected employee-experienced HCWS which enhanced psychological safety and perceived organizational support, and in turn employee voice behavior. In addition, HCWS utilization positively influenced employee-experienced HCWS, and subsequently increased voice efficacy. However, contrary to the expectations, voice efficacy was not related to employee voice.

Originality/value

The study is the first to integrate research on HCWS and voice. By building on the theory of planned behavior, the authors provide new insights into the relationship between HCWS utilization and employee voice and inspire researchers to elucidate other explanatory mechanisms in this link.
Sport hunting and tourism in the twenty-second century: humans as the ultimate trophy
Authors: Wright Daniel William Mackenzie
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to address the potential of hunting humans as sport tourism activity in the twenty-second century. The paper explores past and current trends related to sport hunting, animal extinction, human violence and the normalisation of violence via fictional media. This paper paints a provocative picture of society with the aim of encouraging dialogue across the wider community regarding the challenges facing society in relation to practices related to sport hunting and tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper takes a scenario narrative approach in presenting potential discussion on the future of sport hunting as a tourism activity. The importance of narrative writing as a method to research is its ability in telling a story to the reader. By embracing diverse philosophical methods, this research draws on past and current trends via secondary data sources to justify the future scenario narrative.

Findings

This paper presents interesting insights into the future of sport hunting and its potential relationship to tourism. However, considering the following quote, “Yet another uncertainty is that predictions themselves can alter the future – which, of course, is part of the motivation behind futurism” (Larson, 2002, p. 5), this paper concludes with a sobering message, if previous research as well as the ideas presented here are to become a future reality, one where humans hunt each other for sport, are we content to allow this to happen? Or do we want to encourage debate to ensure we create better futures?

Originality/value

This paper offers original and novel research within the sport-tourism literature by taking a futures perspective and applying a scenario narrative approach. The paper offers original insight into attitudes towards sport hunting and its future potential, moving away from its traditions of hunting animals to hunting humans. This paper encourages debate around a taboo-subject, by drawing on a popular past-time, sport. Death is also universal, and by aligning the topic with sport and as a hunting activity, this paper is offering original approaches to addressing difficult questions that need to be asked.
Influence of coping, self-esteem and social support on undergraduate students’ emotional distress
Authors: Wongtongkam Nualnong
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Emotional distress, which includes stress, anxiety and depression, is considered a substantial mental health problem among university students because of its effects on academic achievement and well-being. The purpose of this paper is to examine levels of emotional distress, self-esteem, social support and coping methods and predicted emotional distress in undergraduate students across year levels in two semesters.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a regional university with 117 and 118 students, respectively, the majority of whom were from the Faculty of Science. Announcements posted on the university website in two semesters were used to recruit convenience samples of participants who completed a battery of four self-administered questionnaires online.

Findings

Findings showed significant differences across year levels for emotional distress total (F(2, 107)=3.90,p=0.02), and social support total (F(2, 107)=3.57,p=0.03), especially in semester 1. Almost all maladaptive coping approaches led to risk of heightened emotional distress in both semester cohorts, ranging from using self-distraction (adjusted OR=4.54) to denial (adjusted OR=32.05). Interestingly, the use of active coping and high self-esteem appeared as risk factors rather than protective factors for mental distress, adjusted ORs=11.27 and 8.46, respectively.

Originality/value

Although adaptive coping skills did not alleviate students’ mental distress, encouraging students to use adaptive coping and social support may help students face the challenges of university life.
Materials consumption, indoor thermal comfort and associated energy flows of urban residential buildings
Authors: Peng Zhen , Deng Wu , Hong Yuanda
Published: June 2019

Purpose

From the 2000s onward, construction practices of urban residential buildings in China have shown a material transformation from clay brick to aerated concrete block. Moreover, the consumption of insulating materials for buildings has been increasing due to the new requirements in building energy-saving standards. This transformation and the increased consumption of insulating materials might have a vital impact on a building’s thermal comfort and its associated energy flows. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the indoor thermal performance of urban residential buildings built with different materials and further discuss the correlations between indoor thermal comfort and the associated energy input.

Design/methodology/approach

This study investigated four residential buildings selected from four residential communities located in the cold climate zone of China. The Integrated Environment Solutions program was used to evaluate the thermal comfort levels and to quantify the operational energy consumption of the case study buildings. Additionally, the University of Bath’s Inventory of Carbon and Energy database was used to estimate the embodied energy consumption and CO2 emissions.

Findings

The study found that materials transition and increasing consumption did not necessarily improve indoor thermal comfort. However, the materials transition has significantly decreased the embodied energy consumption of urban residential buildings. Furthermore, the increased utilization of insulating materials has also decreased the heating and cooling energy consumption. Therefore, overall, the environmental impacts of urban residential buildings have been reduced significantly.

Practical implications

In the future, residential buildings completed in the 1990s will need regular maintenance, such as adding insulation. Residential buildings completed based on the latest energy-saving requirements should optimize their ventilation design, for example, by increasing the ventilation rate and by reducing solar heat gains in the summer.

Originality/value

This paper investigates the effects of the materials change on thermal comfort levels and the environmental impacts of urban residential buildings in the cold climate zone of China, as these have not been the focus of many previous studies.
Hotel profitability: a multilayer neural network approach
Authors: Lado-Sestayo Rubén , Vivel-Búa Milagros
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design an algorithm to predict hotel profitability by means of deep learning techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology consists of a multi-layered neural network that includes a lag of profitability as the input. Furthermore, other input variables are related to hotel and tourist destinations; the raw data for hotel and tourist destinations were collected from multiple public access data sources.

Findings

The results show that the proposed model has a high predictive capacity of hotel profitability in all the years studied (2005-2011), according to the performance metrics evaluated within the sample. Thus, the authors can conclude that deep learning algorithms can be a useful tool to evaluate hotel performance.

Practical implications

The algorithm designed in this research could be of interest to improve decision-making processes related to profitability, for example, in evaluating the creation of new hotels. Moreover, the model provides a quick and efficient analyses that could be of interest to investors and lenders. In particular, they could compare investment alternatives in the hotel sector. Also, according to the results, the location variables are important determinants of hotel profitability, and consequently, hotel managers should collaborate with the tourist destination managers to improve profitability. From an internal perspective, hotel managers should focus on the management of human resources.

Originality/value

This paper is the first empirical study that predicts hotel profitability using deep learning techniques. In addition, this methodology is applied to analyse hotel profitability, for the first time, in the Spanish market. This market is an ideal analytical framework because of its heterogeneity with respect to hotel supply in terms of seasonality and coastal characteristics, among others.
Relationship between leader’s empathic disposition and authorization of idiosyncratic deals
Authors: Rao Bramhani , Kunja Sambashiva Rao
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between two sub-dimensions of a leader’s empathy (perspective-taking and empathic-concern) and successful authorization of idiosyncratic deals (developmental, location flexibility and schedule flexibility i-deals).

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling was conducted on the cross-sectional data collected from 307 managers working in software development and support companies located in major cities in India.

Findings

While empathic-concern is positively related to successful authorization of both developmental and flexibility i-deals, perspective-taking related positively to authorization of developmental i-deals and showed no significant relationship with flexibility i-deals.

Research limitations/implications

The study reiterates the importance of empathy in modern workplaces and encourages managers to be conscious of their intelligence, as well as emotions, while participating in negotiations at the workplace.

Originality/value

The paper relates i-deals to sub-dimensions of empathy which is a previously unexplored antecedent to i-deals.
Brand identification, cause-brand alliances and perceived cause controversy
Authors: Vahdati Yasamin , Voss Kevin E.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which a cause-brand alliance (CBA) leads to improved attitude toward cause-brand alliance, which in turn leads to improved brand identification.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach uses a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects experimental design to examine the interaction effect of the brand ally, the non-profit ally, and the perception of cause controversy on a customer’s attitude toward the CBA, which in turn affects identification with the brand ally.

Findings

On average, customers’ perception of cause controversy influences attitude toward the CBA and subsequently the level of identification with the brand ally. When a non-profit organization is connected to a controversial issue, managerial options for building a successful CBA are more limited than when the non-profit is noncontroversial.

Research limitations/implications

We contribute to consumer learning theory in the context of CBA research by identifying an important boundary condition – perceived cause controversy. Perceived cause controversy impedes the customer’s learning about partners in CBA. Moreover, fit and cue consistency are separate constructs.

Practical implications

CBAs help build customer brand identification. Brand managers must include the customer’s perceived cause controversy, the ally’s unique information, and the customer’s attitude toward the nonprofit in the decision calculus. Brands have an opportunity to demonstrate corporate social responsibility and build identification by helping a less well-established nonprofit to build positive customer attitudes. If the non-profit is linked to controversy, this opportunity is constrained.

Originality/value

A boundary condition-perceived cause controversy influences how the partners in a CBA differentially influence the customer’s attitude toward the CBA and, ultimately, brand identification.
Email is evil!
Authors: Mahmoud Ali Bassam , Grigoriou Nicholas , Fuxman Leonora , Hack-Polay Dieu , Mahmoud Fatina Bassam , Yafi Eiad , Tehseen Shehnaz
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This study aims to assess consumers’ beliefs in three Middle Eastern Arab countries regarding attitudinal and behavioural responses towards permission-based direct email marketing (hereafter DEM) and the moderating role of gender in the hypothesised path model.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesised path model by using data collected from 829 respondents.

Findings

The findings show that attitude was found to fully mediate the relationship between beliefs and behavioural responses towards permission-based DEM. Gender moderates the relationship between beliefs and attitudes and responses to permission-based DEM. Notably, female respondents were found to react more actively when exposed to permission-based DEM.

Research limitations/implications

Further qualitative research is needed to learn more about how and why individuals develop behavioural intentions in certain ways towards opt-in DEM. In addition, neuropsychology approaches such as eye-tracking are endorsed for future research to gain more insights and conquer biases associated with self-reporting procedures in countries where such technologies are deemed as legal and ethical to be used with human subjects.

Practical implications

Advertisers promoting products and services in the Middle Eastern Arab context should take further steps to enhance the quality of information (including cultural sensitiveness) and the perceived entertainment value that could be delivered to consumers through permission-based DEM, especially for female internet users. Additionally, this study highly recommends the double opt-in approach to permission-based DEM.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to address the gender role as a moderator of the path depicting the effectiveness of permission-based DEM approach in the Middle East (Arab counties) from beliefs to behavioural responses via attitudes.
Rethinking behaviour change: a dynamic approach in social marketing
Authors: David Patricia , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn
Published: June 2019

Purpose

While awareness of social, health and environmental consequences of our collective action are growing, additional efforts are required to deliver the changes needed to affect the greater good. A review of the literature indicates that research efforts may be misdirected. Drawing from empirical data where a total of 161 caregivers reported changes in their child’s walking behaviour following a month long social marketing program, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate differences between behaviour and behaviour change.

Design/methodology/approach

Data analyses involved use of multiple linear regression on static followed by dynamic measures of behaviour and behavioural change and their respective determinants. The static model used variables reported by caregivers after program participation, while the dynamic measures used change scores for all variables reported (T2-T1).

Findings

Results from the static model showed that only intentions and barriers explained behaviour at Time point 2. In contrast, findings from the dynamic data analysis indicated that a change in injunctive norms (important others’ approval of the child walking to school) explained a change in walking to and from school behaviour. Taken together, the results of the current paper suggest research attention needs to be directed towards dynamic methodologies to re-centre research attention on behavioural change and not behaviour, which dominates current practice.

Originality/value

This paper offers a foundational step to support the research community to redirect research efforts from understanding behaviour to focussing research design and theoretical development on behavioural change. Theories of behaviour change are needed to affect the greater good.
Re-examining a model for measuring Facebook interaction and relationship quality
Authors: Achen Rebecca M.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Research in sport has examined the use of social media by organizations and athletes, but little research has assessed the effectiveness of social media marketing, especially in terms of relationship-building. When relationship marketing is used as a framework for using social media, it should also be used to guide assessment. The purpose of this paper is to re-examine a model for measuring the impact of fans’ Facebook interactions with their favorite sport team on relationship quality, purchase intentions and referral intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

After conducting a survey of professional sport fans through Amazon Mechanical Turk, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The total sample size was 425.

Findings

Results indicated the more a fan interacts with their favorite team on Facebook, the higher their relationship quality and intentions to purchase. There was no significant effect on referral intentions. Additionally, the indirect effect of Facebook interaction on purchase intention as mediated by relationship quality was positive and significant.

Research limitations/implications

Based on results, it appears that relationship marketing can be used as a framework for assessing social media marketing effectiveness in sport, and that as suggested by relationship marketing theory, social media interaction does improve relationships between fans and teams. Researchers should continue to explore this model and include other variables, such as team identification, to gain a thorough understanding of social media marketing effectiveness.

Practical implications

Sport marketers should focus strategy on Facebook on building relationships through content that encourages interactions between the team and fans.

Originality/value

While research in sport has suggested social media be used to build relationships, little research measuring whether it actually does so exists. This study extends social media research in sport by modeling and testing the relationships between social media interaction, relationship quality and consumer behavioral intentions.
360° recruitment: a holistic recruitment process
Authors: Vincent Vinod
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to introduce the concept of 360° recruitment, which is a systematic, practical and holistic recruitment process that provides a reliable employee-selection structure for an organization of any size.

Design/methodology/approach

The recruitment process, which begins with establishing the correct selection criteria, provides a 360° view of a candidate by combining assessments, job interviews, reference checks and job previews.

Findings

Hiring the right employees is critical for the growth and success of an organization. However, many companies do not have an effective and reliable recruitment process that enables them to hire top-notch talent who are highly compatible with the firm. The 360° recruiting process is a practical technique that enables organizations to evaluate job applicants from multiple angles while reducing the uncertainty and the biases that are inherent in a typical recruiting process.

Originality/value

The 360° recruitment process is comprehensive yet practical and can be used by an organization of any size. The technique, if properly administered, will optimize recruiting and ensure that qualified and compatible employees are hired into the organization.
Motion in the ocean—Paradigm shift in movement ecology requires “sedentary” organisms to be redefined
Authors: Sheehan Emma V.
Published: June 2019

In Focus: Hamel, J.‐F., Sun, J., Gianasi, B. L., et al. (2019). . Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12943

Effective ecosystem‐based fisheries and conservation management relies on the accuracy of population structure and connectivity models. The majority of sedentary marine species are pelago‐benthic, meaning the pelagic larval stages disperse using ocean currents, and the adults are stationary or crawl slowly over the seabed. Adult movement was, until recently, thought to be insignificant due to the limited spatial range. In this issue, a novel method of translocation for adults that may far exceed the dispersion capability of the juveniles is presented, providing evidence for important effects of adult dispersal. Active buoyancy adjustment (ABA) is a behavioural response to environmental stressors or water currents that enables echinoderm Asteroidea (sea stars) and Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) to efficiently relocate. Adult relocation using tides could explain mass spawning aggregations that increase population and individual fitness, and less advantageous mass stranding events. Implications of ABA for future marine management and policy are discussed.
Biocontrol in insecticide sprayed crops does not benefit from semi‐natural habitats and recovers slowly after spraying
Authors: Gagic Vesna , Hulthen Andrew D. , Marcora Anna , Wang Xiaobei , Jones Laura , Schellhorn Nancy A.
Published: June 2019

To enhance biological pest control in crop fields, it is recommended to increase semi‐natural area on farm and decrease insecticide spraying. While the benefits of semi‐natural area for biocontrol in unsprayed fields are often demonstrated, it remains largely unknown if there are any benefits in real‐world, commonly sprayed crops.

Here, we explored the combined effects of semi‐natural field margins and insecticide spraying on pest (cotton bollworm) egg predation in 53 Australian cotton fields and semi‐natural field margins across 2 years. We used predation experiments close to field edges to exclude functional groups of predators depending on their spatio‐temporal activity (diurnal vs. nocturnal and ground vs. canopy dwelling) and digital cameras to record natural enemy taxa responsible for predation.

Ground predation was substantially higher than canopy predation and its magnitude in unsprayed crops with semi‐natural margins was similar to that within semi‐natural areas. In contrast, semi‐natural field margins did not benefit biocontrol in sprayed crop fields and did not influence recovery rate of biocontrol after spraying.

Within ground‐dwelling predators, one dominant taxon contributed the most to biocontrol at a particular time and place. However, the dominant predator–prey interactions changed between day and night and fields with and without margins, thus indicating increased importance of additional predator taxa with increasing spatio‐temporal scales.

Synthesis and applications. Our results show that semi‐natural margins benefit pest control only in unsprayed fields. Spraying at different time (e.g. during night) would not reduce the negative effects of insecticides because it would affect complementary group of nocturnal natural enemies that exert equally high biocontrol as diurnal ground‐dwelling predators. We highlight the need for management recommendations to simultaneously consider pros and cons of within‐field spraying and surrounding semi‐natural habitats to maximize their benefits in high‐input conventional production systems.
Within‐City Spatial Distribution, Heterogeneity and Diffusion of House Price: Evidence from a Spatiotemporal Index for Beijing
Authors: Zhu Enwei , Wu Jing , Liu Hongyu , Li Xindian
Published: June 2019

Within‐city house prices can be a very complicated system, in which the local prices may significantly differ in both levels and changes and diffuse across locations. These issues are essential for understanding and interpreting the dynamics of city‐level housing markets. In this study, we construct a constant‐quality spatiotemporal price index for Beijing's resale housing market between 2011 and 2015, which serves as a common basis for our multi‐perspective and comprehensive analysis on within‐city house price patterns. As suggested by the spatial distribution and local structures, the local price levels are not homogeneous or fully amenable to a simple structure. The local price changes, likewise, are not synchronized in terms of either price trend or structural breakpoint. However, the within‐city house prices still display clear patterns. The local price levels, trends and breakpoints can be partially explained by local amenities or socioeconomic factors and the local price changes diffuse between neighboring areas. These findings deliver deep insights into within‐city housing markets and have important implications for urban planning and housing investment.
Preparation, Bioavailability, and Mechanism of Emerging Activities of Ile‐Pro‐Pro and Val‐Pro‐Pro
Authors: Li Shanshan , Bu Tingting , Zheng Jiexia , Liu Ling , He Guoqing , Wu Jianping
Published: June 2019

Ile‐Pro‐Pro and Val‐Pro‐Pro are two most well‐known food‐derived bioactive peptides, initially identified as inhibitors of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) from a sample of sour milk. These two peptides were identified in fermented and enzymatic hydrolyzed cow and non‐cow (that is, goat, sheep, buffalo, yak, camel, mare, and donkey) milk, as well as sourdough prepared from wheat, rye, and malt. Similar to other bioactive peptides, bioavailability of these peptides is low (about 0.1%), reaching picomolar concentration in human plasma; they showed blood pressure lowering activity in animals and in human, via improved endothelial function, activation of ACE2, and anti‐inflammatory property. Emerging bioactivities of these two peptides toward against metabolic syndrome and bone‐protection received limited attention, but may open up new applications of these peptides as functional food ingredients. Further studies are warranted to determine the best source as well as to identify novel enzymes (particularly from traditional fermented milk products) to improve the efficiency of production, to characterize possible peptide receptors using a combination of omics technology with molecular methods to understand if these two peptides act as signal‐like molecules, to improve their bioavailability, and to explore new applications based on emerging bioactivities.
The diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia in children: Considerations of pathophysiological plausibility
Authors: Rossi Alfredo , D'Arino Andrea , Pigliacelli Flavia , Caro Gemma , Muscianese Marta , Fortuna Maria Caterina , Carlesimo Marta
Published: June 2019

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), one of the most common causes of hair loss in men and women, is an infrequent cause of alopecia in children. In AGA, patients generally start noticing hair thinning after the onset of puberty due to progressive miniaturisation of the hair follicle which leads to vellus transformation of terminal hair. However, the occurrence of prepubertal AGA has rarely been reported in the literature. The pathophysiology of AGA is tightly linked to androgen hormones; prepubertal children do not usually produce significant amounts of adrenal or gonadal androgens. When it does occur, an underlying abnormality should be suspected. Secondary causes of AGA must be excluded when evaluating a patient before the appearance of puberty. Premature puberty, polycystic ovarian syndrome and other causes of hyperandrogenism can present with hair loss in an androgenetic pattern. This article reviews the normal physiology of androgen hormones and their role in the pathophysiology of childhood AGA.
Susceptibility to adverse drug reactions
Authors: Ferner Robin , Aronson Jeffrey
Published: June 2019

The pharmacological effects of a drug depend on its concentration at the site of action, and therefore on the concentration in blood and on the dose. The relationship between the concentration or dose and the corresponding effect can usually be represented mathematically as a rectangular hyperbola; when effect is plotted against log concentration or log dose, the curve is sigmoidal.

Inevitably, the effect size and the doses causing benefit and harm will differ among individuals, since they are biological phenomena: some individuals are more likely than others to suffer harm at any given dose. Some harmful effects can occur at much lower doses than those used in therapeutics; that is, the log dose–response curve for harm lies far to the left of the log dose–response curve for benefit. Those who suffer such reactions are hypersusceptible. When the dose–response curves for harm and therapeutic effect are in the same range, dose cannot separate the harmful effects from the therapeutic effects, and adverse reactions are collateral. Toxic effects occur when harmful doses are above the doses needed for benefit.

In this review we consider factors that influence a subject's susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. Determinants of susceptibility include Immunological, Genetic, demographic (Age and Sex), Physiological and Exogenous factors (drug–drug interactions, for example), and Diseases and disorders such as renal failure, giving the mnemonic I GASPED. Some susceptibility factors are discrete (for example, all‐or‐none) and some are continuous; susceptibility can therefore be discrete or continuous; and the factors can interact to determine a person's overall susceptibility to harm.
Identification of genetic biomarkers for alloimmunization in sickle cell disease
Authors: Meinderts Sanne M. , Gerritsma Jorn J. , Sins Joep W. R. , de Boer Martin , van Leeuwen Karin , Biemond Bart J. , Rijneveld Anita W. , Kerkhoffs Jean‐Louis H. , Habibi Anoosha , van Bruggen Robin , Kuijpers Taco W. , van der Schoot Ellen , Pirenne France , Fijnvandraat Karin , Tanck Michael W. , van den Berg Timo K.
Published: June 2019

Most sickle cell disease (SCD) patients rely on blood transfusion as their main treatment strategy. However, frequent blood transfusion poses the risk of alloimmunization. On average, 30% of SCD patients will alloimmunize while other patient groups form antibodies less frequently. Identification of genetic markers may help to predict which patients are at risk to form alloantibodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether genetic variations in the Toll‐like receptor pathway or in genes previously associated with antibody‐mediated conditions are associated with red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization in a cohort of SCD patients. In this case‐control study, cases had a documented history of alloimmunization while controls had received ≥20 RBC units without alloantibody formation. We used a customized single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel to genotype 690 SNPs in 275 (130 controls, 145 cases) patients. Frequencies were compared using multiple logistic regression analysis. In our primary analysis, no SNPs were found to be significantly associated with alloimmunization after correction for multiple testing. However, in a secondary analysis with a less stringent threshold for significance we found 19 moderately associated SNPs. Among others, SNPs in TLR1/TANK and MALT1 were associated with a higher alloimmunization risk, while SNPs in STAM/IFNAR1 and STAT4 conferred a lower alloimmunization risk.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) impairs the motility and immune function of human mature dendritic cells through the VEGF receptor 2‐RhoA‐cofilin1 pathway
Authors: Long Jinhua , Hu Zuquan , Xue Hui , Wang Yun , Chen Jin , Tang Fuzhou , Zhou Jing , Liu Lina , Qiu Wei , Zhang Shichao , Ouyang Yan , Ye Yuannong , Xu Guoqiang , Li Long , Zeng Zhu
Published: June 2019

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent and specialized antigen presenting cells, which play a crucial role in initiating and amplifying both the innate and adaptive immune responses against cancer. Tumor cells can escape from immune attack by secreting suppressive cytokines that solely or cooperatively impair the immune function of DCs. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as a major cytokine in the tumor microenvironment. To elucidate the effects of VEGF on the motility and immune function of mature DCs (mDCs), the cells were treated with 50 ng/mL VEGF and investigated by proteomics and molecular biological technologies. The results showed that VEGF can impair the migration capacity and immune function of mDCs through the RhoA‐cofilin1 pathway mediated by the VEGF receptor 2, suggesting impaired motility of mDCs by VEGF is one of the aspects of immune escape mechanisms of tumors. It is clinically important to understand the biological behavior of DCs and the immune escape mechanisms of tumor as well as how to improve the efficiency of antitumor therapy based on DCs.
Making Movies Instead of Taking Snapshots: Studying Change in Youth's Romantic Relationships
Authors: Furman Wyndol , Collibee Charlene , Lantagne Ann , Golden Rachel Lynn
Published: June 2019

Change is a ubiquitous aspect of adolescents' and young adults' romantic relationships, yet most research has not fully captured such change. Many studies examine romantic relationships at only one or two points in time. In this article, we illustrate the importance and benefits of examining change in adolescents' and young adults' romantic relationships using more than two time points. We discuss four kinds of changes: changes with age, within‐relationship changes, within‐person changes, and changes after specific events occur. We use examples from our research to illustrate various understudied types of change. We discuss how the analysis of many types of change requires more than two data points. Multiple time points can also be used to assess both the short‐ and long‐term effects of romantic relationships and to examine changes in trajectories. Such research can move us beyond static snapshots of romantic relationships to an understanding of their dynamic, changing nature.
Nothing about me without me: Children and young people's experiences with family group conferences
Authors: Merkel‐Holguin Lisa , Schwab‐Reese Laura , Drury Ida , Allan Heather , Hollinshead Dana
Published: June 2019

Modern social work practice increasingly emphasizes the inclusion of service users in decision making during the service provision process. There is a growing movement within the child welfare system to include parents and the wider family network in decision making. However, children and young people's roles in child welfare system participatory processes where decisions are made about their lives have been understudied. The family group conference (FGC) is one such decision‐making process, which has been adopted internationally with the expectation that children and young people's voices and perspectives, along with their family members, will be elevated and influence decisions. As part of a 3‐year federal project of FGCs in one jurisdiction, this study collected fidelity data from professional and family member participants of FGCs, including children and young people. Descriptive data from a small sample of child and young people participating in FGC suggest differences in their perspectives regarding family empowerment, transparency, and inclusion in decision making, when compared with the perspectives of other family members and professionals for whom data are available. Suggestions for further reflection on FGC practice and additional ways to understand children and young people's perspectives about their involvement are noted.