bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical signs and outcomes of beef cattle undergoing cesarean section because of dystocia
Authors: Hiew Mark W. H. , Baird Aubrey N. , Constable Peter D.
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE To characterize signalment, clinical signs, reproductive history, surgical management, and outcomes of beef cattle undergoing cesarean section because of dystocia at a veterinary teaching hospital.

DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study.

ANIMALS 173 beef cattle admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital from 2001 through 2010 that underwent cesarean section because of dystocia.

PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed and information collected on cattle signalment; reproductive history; cause of dystocia; anesthetic protocol; surgical management; number, sex, and body weight of calves delivered (alive or dead); perioperative treatment; duration of hospitalization; and discharge status. A questionnaire regarding postoperative fertility was mailed to all owners, and owners who did not respond were contacted via telephone.

RESULTS Overall mortality rate for calves was high, with 37.6% (62/165) of calves delivered dead or dying ≤ 24 hours after cesarean section. Mortality rate was higher for female versus male calves and for calves from dams with signs of labor for ≥ 3 hours versus < 3 hours before hospital admission. Overall mortality rate for dams was low, with only 10 of 161 (6.2%) dams failing to survive for ≥ 21 days after hospital discharge. Postoperative fertility rate was acceptable, with 75% (44/59) of dams that were rebred after cesarean section giving birth to ≥ 1 live calf.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cesarean section was a clinically useful method for resolving dystocia in beef cattle, providing a high dam survival rate and an acceptable postoperative fertility rate. Beef cattle producers should seek veterinary assistance whenever clinical signs of dystocia are noticed, preferably within 6 hours after onset of parturition.
Modified abaxial approach for resection of the distal sesamoid bone and distal interphalangeal joint while preserving the digital flexor tendons of three Angus bulls with septic arthritis
Authors: van Amstel Sarel R. , Anderson David E. , Videla Ricardo
Published: March 2018

CASE DESCRIPTION 3 Angus bulls, aged 2 to 3 years, with severe lameness of 2 to 4 weeks' duration and swelling proximal to the coronary band of the affected limb were evaluated after failing to respond to antimicrobial treatment.

CLINICAL FINDINGS Septic arthritis of a distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) was diagnosed in all 3 bulls on the basis of results of a physical examination, radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluations of the affected foot, and cytologic evaluation of synovial fluid from the affected DIPJ.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME A novel modified abaxial approach was used to resect the infected distal sesamoid bone (navicular bone) and DIPJ of all 3 bulls. A window was created in the abaxial hoof wall that was lateral to and of sufficient size to extract the navicular bone. Following removal of the navicular bone, the DIPJ was debrided and resected and an orthopedic block was applied to the contralateral claw to minimize weight bearing on the infected digit. Two bulls also had a fiberglass cast applied to the affected limb to help immobilize the DIPJ. All 3 bulls recovered without complications, and 2 bulls were no longer lame, whereas the remaining bull was only mildly lame, at 4 to 5 weeks after surgery.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE The modified abaxial approach described for surgical resection of the DIPJ allowed extraction of the infected navicular bone without damage to the digital flexor tendons, something that cannot be achieved with other abaxial approaches. This approach is best used for patients without septic tenosynovitis.
Pengembangan Profesionalisme Guru Melalui Model Lesson Study
Authors: Prihantoro Rudi
Published: March 2018

Lesson study (LS) is a competence development process in a systematic teacher professionalism which aims to make learning better and more effective. Stages LS ie Plan, Do, See. LS requires the stability of education policy, curriculum, flexible, self-reflection and cultural cooperation. Excess LS is oriented to students, working as a team, developing a teaching technique. LS development in the professionalism of teachers is to plan learning objectives and subject matter, review and develop learning; deepen knowledge that is taught; thinking about long-term goals of students; designing collaborative learning; examines the process of learning, behavior and student learning outcomes, and, develop pedagogical. LS carried out by forming groups of LS, LS focus, Planning the Research Lesson (RL), RL teach and observe, discuss and analyze the RL, as well as reflect and plan for re-LS. LS Benefits include triggering the emergence of self-motivation to develop, train educators to â€œseeâ€ the learner, making research an integral part of education, dissemination of innovation and new approaches, puts educators in a respectable position.ABSTRAKLesson study(LS) adalah sebuah proses pengembangan kompetensi keprofesionalan guru secara sistematis Â yang Â bertujuan Â untuk Â menjadikan proses Â pembelajaran Â lebih Â baik Â dan Â efektif. Â Tahapan Â LS yaitu Plan, Do, See. S mensyaratkan stabilitas kebijakan pendidikan, kurikulum fleksibel, budaya refleksi diri dan kerjasama. Kelebihan LS adalah berorientasi pada siswa, bekerja sebagai tim, mengembangkan teknik mengajar. Pengembangan LS dalam profesionalime guru yaitu merencanakan tujuan pembelajaran dan Â materi pokok; mengkaji Â dan Â mengembangkan Â pembelajaran; Â memperdalam Â penge-tahuan yang diajarkan; Â memikirkan Â tujuan Â jangka Â panjang Â siswa; Â merancang pembelajaran Â kolaboratif; Â mengkaji proses belajar, perilaku dan hasil belajar siswa; dan, mengembangkan pedagogis. LS dilaksanakandengan membentuk kelompok LS, memfokuskan LS, Merencanakan Research Lesson(RL), membelajarkan dan mengamati Â RL, Â mendiskusikan Â dan Â menganalisis Â RL, serta Â merefleksikan Â dan Â merencanakan Â kembali LS. Manfaat LS diantaranya memicu munculnya motivasi untuk mengembangkan diri, melatih pendidik â€œmelihatâ€ peserta didik, menjadikan penelitian sebagai bagian integral pendidikan, penyebaran inovasi dan pendekatan baru, menempatkan para pendidik pada posisi terhormat.
Analisis Kebutuhan Terhadap Program Multi Media Interaktif Sebagai Media Pembelajaran
Authors: Waldopo Waldopo
Published: March 2018

Multimedia interactive is on instructional media that combines elements of sound, visual and text, and can interact with the users. The aim of this study is to obtain information about the needs of interactive multimedia as instructional media. If needed, what kind of subjects that need to be supported by multi-media and type of format that presented. The population are students, teachers and senior secondary school principals. Sample was taken randomly. From the results of randomization assigned six different locations: SMAN 1 Ambon, MAN 2 Padang, SMAN 5 Semarang, SMAN 6 Surabaya, SMAN 1 Makassar and SMAN 3 Samarinda. Subjects were students, teachers and Principal. Research carried out between May to September 2005. The results showed that the Multimedia program is needed, especially to support the subjects of Mathematics, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, English, History, Geography and Accounting. Games and Tutorials are the popular format. Therefore, it is suggested that Pustekkom constantly developing programs for the learning activities, involving various experts to develop multimedia programs attractive and can improve the quality of learning outcomes. Pustekkom also needs to develop an integrated system utilization with learning activities at school.Â Â ABSTRAKÂ Multimedia interaktif adalah media pembelajaran yang memadukan unsur suara, visual dan teks dan dapat berinteraksi dengan penggunanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang Â kebutuhan Â multi Â media Â interaktif Â sebagai Â media Â pembelajaran. Â Jika Â dibutuhkan, Â jenis Â mata pelajaran apa saja yang perlu ditunjang dengan multi media serta jenis format sajiannya. Populasinya siswa, guru dan kepala sekolah SLTA. Sampel diambil secara acak. Dari hasil pengacakan ditetapkan 6 lokasi yaitu SMAN 1 Ambon, MAN 2 Padang, SMAN 5 Semarang, SMAN 6 Surabaya, SMAN 1 Samarinda dan SMAN 3 Makssar. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa, guru dan Kepala Sekolah. Peneltian dilaksanakan antara bulan Mei hingga September 2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Program Multi Media dibutuhkan, Â terutama Â untuk Â menunjang Â mata Â pelajaran Â Matematika, Â Fisika, Â Biologi, Â Kimia, Â Bahasa Inggris, Sejarah, Geografi dan Akuntansi. Format yang disenangi gamesdan tutorial.Oleh karena itu disarankan agar Pustekkom secara berkelanjutan mengembangkan program-program multimedia untuk kegiatan pembelajaran, dengan melibatkan berbagai pakar agar program-program yang dikembangkan menarik dan dapat meningkatkan kualitas hasil pembelajaran. Pustekkom juga perlu menyusun sistem pemanfaatannya yang terintegrasi dengan kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah.
Evaluasi Penyelenggaraan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional (SBI) di Sekolah Dasar (SD), Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP), Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA), dan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK)
Authors: Noor Idris HM
Published: March 2018

The implementation of pilot standard of international school (pre SIS) is one of the governmentâ€™s efforts to improve educational quality in order to be able to compete with other countries. Since the establishment of the pre SIS in 2006, they have not been evaluated comprehensively yet. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the studentâ€™s enrolment, academic achievement, finance and budgetting, and management. Research method used is mixed quantitative and qualitative method. Samples are 4575910 respondents chosen purposively. They are school committee, school principals, teachers of pre SIS and regular classe. They are English, mahtematics, and science teachers, students, and studentsâ€™ parents association. The English proficiency of school principals is at the novice level (10-250 TOEIC scores). Teachersâ€™ academic competence of pre SIS and regular classes is relatively equal. The competence of biology and physics teachers of pre SIS in SSS is lower than those in the regular classes. The use of budget and finance is not transparent. Recommendation, it is important to improve teachersâ€™ academic qualification and their competence and a rigid financial and budgeting management guide.Â ABSTRAKPenyelenggaraan RSBI merupakan salah satu usaha pemerintah untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan agar mampu bersaing dengan negara lain. Sejak diselenggarakan tahun 2006, RSBI belum pernah dievaluasi secara komprehensif. Oleh karena itu, perlu dievaluasi PPDB, prestasi, pengelolaan pendanaan, dan sistem tata kelola dan akuntabilitas penyelenggaraannya. Penelitian menggunakan metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sampel sebanyak 4575910 yang diambil secara purposive. Responden: komite sekolah, kepala sekolah, guru bahasa Inggris, matematika, dan IPA yang mengajar di kelas RSBI dan kelas reguler. Temuan: Kemampuan bahasa Inggris pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan RSBI di semua tingkat masih level novice (skor TOEIC 10-250). Kemampuan guru bahasa Inggris kelas RSBI dan kelas reguler relatif sama. Di SD dan SMP, kemampuan siswa dan guru RSBI sedikit lebih tinggi daripada kelas regular. Kemampuan guru Biologi dan Fisika kelas RSBI di SMA lebih rendah daripada guru kelas reguler. Penggunaan dana kurang transparan. Rekomendasi, perlu peningkatan kualifikasi dan kompetensi akademik guru dan perlu disusun panduan pengelolaan pendanaan yang lebih rinci.
Examination of Relationships Between Some Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Traits by Canonical Correlation Analysis in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Keskin Sıddık , Berberoğlu Emine , Sarıca Şenay
Published: March 2018

Canonical correlation analysis is a multivariate method to examine the relationships between two (X and Y) sets of variables when all measurements are obtained from same broilers. Canonical correlation analysis aims to obtain new variables called as canonical variates formed by linear combinations of the original variables for each set and by maximizing the relationships between two set. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between 8 biochemical traits (Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Albumin, Triglyceride, Total Cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, Glucose, Total Protein and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)) and 4 oxidative stress traits (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), lipid peroxide (LPO)) in broiler chickens. As a result, the correlation between the first canonical variable pair was found 0.594.
Tarım Traktörlerinde Kullanılan Klima Sistemlerinin Traktör Verimi ve Özgül Yakıt Tüketimine Etkileri
Authors: Erzurumlu Dursun Yenal
Published: March 2018

In this study, the effects of air-conditioning system on tractor performance and specific fuel consumption were examined and evaluated by experimental data. Loading performed from tractor power take-off in periodically by electrical dynamometer. Fuel consumption were measured in air-conditioning off and air-conditioning on usage and comments were discussed according to these values. In same speed and loading, measured specific fuel consumption value when the air conditioning is on more than measured specific fuel consumption value when the air conditioning is off. Torque values were measured and fuel power and power take-off power were calculated, these values were compared, comments were discussed according to these values. In same speed and loading, measured power take-off efficiency values when the air conditioning is on less than measured power take-off efficiency values when the air conditioning is off. This change is determined respectively as average 4.37%, 4.34% and 8.63% negatively for the measured three brand tractors. As a result of all data, the positive effect of air-conditioning usage on specific fuel consumption, the negative effect of air-conditioning usage on power take-off efficiency were determined.
Ordu–Boztepe’nin Turizm ve Rekreasyon Potansiyeli ile Boztepe’nin Kent İmajına Katkısı
Authors: Yeşil Murat , Beyli Kübra Nur
Published: March 2018

In Ordu, which is located in the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey, there is a significant tourism mobility especially in recent years. Having a rich tourism potential, Ordu has become a center of attraction for culture and nature tourism. In this study; the contribution of tourism and recreation potential of Boztepe in the city of Ordu to the image of the city was investigated in the first stage. The Gülez method was used to determine the recreation potential and the recreation potential was determined as "Too High" according to the assessment criteria set out by the method. In the second step, a randomized questionnaire study was conducted with random sampling technique with 100 people, and as a result it was determined that Boztepe was seen as a component contributing to the image of the city. In the last stage, SWOT analysis for the area was applied to reveal the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the field.
Investigation of The Effectiveness of Teucrium Orientale L. Plant in Hemorrhoid Treatment
Authors: Emin Nuray , Nural Kıymet , Güzel Ayşegül
Published: March 2018

Hemorrhoids are swollen vascular vein pads in the upper part of the anal canal. The deformations in these tissues cause serious disturbances, and most important one is hemorrhoid, which is a symptomatic degenerative disease. Due to various etiologic factors, weakening and disintegration of connective tissue cause this disease. Many methods have been developed in the treatment of hemorrhoids from the past to the present day, and drug therapy is used as primary care. However, surgical treatment methods are applied in advanced stages in which the disease can not be treated with medication and when there is a life-threatening risk. As alternative medicine applications, herbal remedies have been used in hemorrhoid treatment for centuries. Prepared herbal mixtures or extracts are still frequently preferred by the patients today. In this context, in the research we have carried out in Beyköy village of Havza district; Teucrium orientale L. are used by regional people in the treatment of hemorrhoids and it was detected that the awareness of this herbal treatment is limited. In this study, the efficacy of T. orientale L. plant in hemorrhoid treatment was evaluated by conducting a questionnaire survey on the patients using plant extract. Of the approximately 500 patients using plant extracts, 89 agreed to fill out the questionnaire. Due to the results of the survey, it was found that all of the patients using the extract of T. orientale L. plant are healed partly or completely, and the benefit from the extract changed according to the patient's age and the stage of the disease. There has been no study on the use of this plant in the treatment of hemorrhoids in literature, and it is the first study to be done in this respect.
Determination of Listeria monocytogenes and Serotypes in Modified Atmosphere Packed Ground and Cubed Beef Samples
Authors: Özkiraz Adem , Gücükoğlu Ali
Published: March 2018

This study was conducted to determine the Listeria monocytogenes’s presence, serotypes and resistance against various antibiotics in modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) ground and cubed beef samples. Five of ground (5/50-10%) and 3 of cubed beef samples (3/50-6%) were identified as L. monocytogenes positive in MAP samples. Eleven L. monocytogenes isolates that obtained from samples being investigated in term of hlyA gene by PCR method have verified that this gene (100%). In serotyping results, 3 of 8 isolate that obtained from MAP ground beef samples were 1/2a, the other 3 isolate was 1/2b and the remaining 2 isolate was 4b. Also, 1 of 3 isolate that obtained from MAP cubed beef samples were 1/2b, the other one isolate was 1/2c and the last one was 4b. One isolate against (9%) ampicillin, 2 isolate against (18.2%) chloramphenicol, 3 isolate against (27.2%) erythromycin, 4 isolate against (36.3%) oxytetracycline and 4 isolate against (36.3%) penicillin G, 6 isolate against (54.5%) tetracycline and 3 isolate against (27.2%) vancomycin was resistant in 11 L. monocytogenes isolates that confirmed by PCR. The L. monocytogenes isolates were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics in antibiotic-resistance test results. In conclusion, applying of national residue monitoring program by official authority for prevention of intensive antibiotic use in order to prevent the development of resistant strains to antibiotics has great importance.
Çipura (Sparus aurata, Linneaus, 1758) Spermasının Kısa Süreli Saklanması ve Spermatolojik Özellikleri ile Ebeveyn İlişkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: Engin Serhat , Saka Şahin , Fırat Kürşat
Published: March 2018

Sperm samples taken from gilthead sea bream obtained from a production farm located in the province of Balıklıova in İzmir were examined under one phase contrast type microscope every six hours after they were kept in ice at 0°C. Data related to sperm maintenance durations, speed, concentration and sperm volume were obtained in the study and these results were related to the parent. The fish weighed 405-625 g and the sperm volume 25-37 cm was 3.1-8.3 ml.kg-1. The most intense concentration was found in the second experiment with 5.35x109 spz.ml-1 and the lowest sperm concentration in the second test with 0.16×109 spz.ml-1. During the study, the highest head speed index was determined for all subjects and time as 35.5 head height.sn-1 (210.16 μm.sn-1) and the lowest head speed was 2.6 head height.sn-1 (15.39 μm.sn-1). The study lasted a total of 126 hours. The shortest storage period is 26-50 hours and the longest storage period is 126-150 hours.
PRAKTEK PENGUNGKAPAN SOSIAL PADA LAPORAN TAHUNAN DI PERUSAHAAN-PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI PT BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2016
Authors: Delena Era
Published: March 2018

This paper is mainly to get the new perspective on those Indonesian go public companies, which listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, that presently practice the social disclosure on their annual report and at the same time also aims to find out the type of the industries, size of the companies and the ownership of the companies which effect on the practice of social disclosure in those companies that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Social disclosure practice is divided into 6 categories, among others : environment, energy, employee, product/consumer, society and share holders. Industrial type is divided into: sensitive and non-sensitive industrial. Company ownership is divided into two types: domestic ownership and foreign ownership. While the size of the company is measured based on the  total  asset belongs to the company. These researched data is obtained from 45 public listed companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange by using simple random sampling with multiply regression data analysis method.Based on the regression test with Anova Table, it is known that F 7.362 with p-value 0,000 < alpha 0,05 hence Ho is refused, which means the type, size and ownership of the companies altogether will effect the social disclosure on the annual report on those listed companies at Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016.
INSTITUSIONALISASI PARADIGMA REVENUE CENTER UNTUK PENGELOLAAN ASET NEGARA YANG OPTIMAL (STUDI KASUS PADA KANTOR PELAYANAN KEKAYAAN NEGARA DAN LELANG SURABAYA)
Authors: Wijaya Tridasa Novany , Hamidah Hamidah
Published: March 2018

To realize good and accountable asset management, the Ministry of Finance as CFO (Chief Financial Officer) sets the revenue center paradigm in asset management. This is a new breakthrough from before that just as an asset administrator turns into asset manager without thinking about the potential revenue from asset management. The Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN) as the state asset manager with vertical institutions is implementing National Working Meeting (Rakernas) as the milestone of the beginning of the birth of this new paradigm with the stipulation of Circular Letter (Surat Edaran) Number 2/KN/2016 about the Following of the National Working Meeting DJKN 2016. Based on the mandate, The State Property and Auction Office of Surabaya (KPKNL Surabaya) continues to internalize this paradigm shift in order to realize the optimization of revenue through the management of state assets. The purpose of this study is to understand how the institutionalization process of this new paradigm by using new institutionalism theory. The methodology used in this research uses qualitative method with case study approach which is discussed with deep descriptive analysis. The results indicate the existence of institutional isomorphism symptoms that occur in the internalization process of this new paradigm, thus providing an overview of the influence and reaction to the establishment of a new paradigm that encourages organizational change.
Quantum Mechanical Interpretation of the Ultra-Low Energy Methyl-Rotation Dynamics in Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks Probed by Low-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy and ab initio Simulations
Authors: Li Qi , Zaczek Adam J. , Korter Timothy M. , Zeitler J. Axel , Ruggiero Michael T.
Published: March 2018

Understanding the nature of the interatomic interactions present within the pores of metal-organic frameworksis critical in order to design and utilize advanced materialswith desirable applications. In ZIF-8 and its cobalt analogueZIF-67, the imidazolate methyl-groups, which point directlyinto the void space, have been shown to freely rotate - evendown to cryogenic temperatures. Using a combination of ex-perimental terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, low-frequencyRaman spectroscopy, and state-of-the-art ab initio simulations,the methyl-rotor dynamics in ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 are fully charac-terized within the context of a quantum-mechanical hindered-rotor model. The results lend insight into the fundamentalorigins of the experimentally observed methyl-rotor dynamics,and provide valuable insight into the nature of the weak inter-actions present within this important class of materials.
Evaluation of endophytic fungal fractions of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. Nees leaves for in vitro free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective activity
Authors: Puri Smita Kishor , Vasantrao Habbu Prasanna , Kulkarni Preeti Venkatrao , Hanumanthrao Kulkarni Venkatrao
Published: March 2018

Fungal endophytes are the microbes residing in internal tissues of the plant forming symbiotic, mutualistic, communalistic and trophobiotic relationship. Endophytes from medicinal plants are considered as essential source of secondary metabolites accompanied by interesting biological/pharmacological activities. In this study, an effort was made to isolate, characterize endophytic fungi from leaves of Andrographis paniculata and to screen the fungal fractions for in-vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Two fungal endophytes (APLF-1 and APLF-2) from Andrographis paniculata were isolated and fermented to get chloroform (A1C, A2C), ethyl acetate (A1EA, A2EA) and n butanol (A1nB, A2nB) extracts. All the endophytic fractions of APLF-1 and APLF-2 were assayed for free radical scavenging properties against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical and reducing power. Fractions of APLF-2 showed good scavenging activity compared to APLF-1 extracts. Further, A2EA and A2nB were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. A2EA (50 mg/kg &100 mg/kg) and A2nB (50 mg/kg &100 mg/kg) reversed the elevated biochemical parameters with respect to CCl4 treated group (p<0.001). The LPO, SOD and CAT levels were also restored by A2EA and A2nB (100 mg/kg p.o). APLF-1 and APLF-2 were studied for rDNA sequencing by PCR technique. The endophytic fungi, APLF-1 and APLF-2 were identified as Diaporthe sp. A25 and Preussia sp. PPV3.6 respectively based on their morphology and molecular characterization. The presence of polyvalent secondary metabolites in A2EA and A2nB were confirmed by HPTLC analysis.

Keyword: Endophytic fungi; Hepatoprotective; Antioxidant; Andrographis paniculata; Diaporthe sp. A25; Preussia sp. PPV3.6
Formulation and evaluation of Clopidogrel bisulfate loaded transdermal patches for anti-platelet activity
Authors: S Subramanian , SK Senith
Published: March 2018

Transdermal drug delivery is an alternative route for systemic drug delivery which minimizes the absorption and increases the bioavailability. Orally clopidogrel bisulfate has a short elimination half-life (7-8 h), low oral bioavailability (50 %) undergoes extensive first pass metabolism (85 %) and frequent high doses (75 mg) are required to maintain the therapeutic level as a result. The purpose of this research was formulation and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery system of clopidogrel bisulfate using various polymers such as HPMC and EC by solvent casting technique for improvement of bioavailability of drug and reducing toxic effects. The developed transdermal patches may increase the therapeutic efficacy and reduce toxic effect of clopidogrel bisulfate. The prepared transdermal drug delivery system of clopidogrel bisulfate using different polymers such as HPMC and EC had shown good & promising results for all the evaluated parameters. Based on the in vitro drug release, drug content, weight variation, tensile strength, thickness and folding endurance results formulation F2 was concluded as an optimized formulation which shows its higher percentage of drug release.

Keyword: Clopidogrel bisulfate; Transdermal patch; TDDS; Solvent evaporation; In vitro drug release
Entamoeba Moshkoviskii as a causative agent of diarrhea in children
Authors: Hussein Al-Shebani Abbas Mohammed
Published: March 2018

The present investigational study was intentionally aimed to detect of E.moshkoviskii in stool as the first study and new record in Iraq by using polymerase chain reaction technique. Additionally understand the prevalence of these three parasites (E.moshkoviskii, E.dispar, and E.histolytica) in the human population. Stool sampling of 190 specimens was performed from clinically recognized patients suffering diarrhea with an inflammatory feature from Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, Maternity and Children Hospital, Afak general Hospital and some Hospitals in the province of Iraq. All samples undergo full history was distributed according to name, age, gender, address, bloody diarrhea and clinical symptoms. General stool examination was done to samples within 30 minutes. The samples were divided into two sterile containers the first one grown in media and the second two were kept frozen at -20 Ċ (deep freezing) for DNA extraction used for PCR. From extracted DNA was added 5µl in PCR tube (master mix) with 1.5 µl forward primer and 1.5µl reverse primer, then 12µl from nuclease-free water, all volume was completed to 20 µl. One hundred ninety stool samples were collected and examined by general stool examination positive for Entamoeba spp The present study showed the high prevalence of amoebiasis in rural area more than urban area, the result revealed that the infected patients in rural area 119 (62.6%) while in urban area 71 (37.3%) The present study revealed the high percentage (25.2%) of infection with gastrointestinal symptoms under the age of 14 years old and above the age of 45 years. In the present study was showed the PCR product was detected in 182 (96 %) samples, and 8 (4 %) were detected as negative utilizing PCR test. The present study concluded that presence of three-identical species of Entamoeba utilizing PCR to target stool-based DNA of patients expressing gastrointestinal symptoms (E.moshkoviskii, E. dispar, and E.histolytica) could be grown in modified Lock's – egg slant medium . The single round PCR described in this study is a specific and sensitive method for distinguishing between those species.

Keywords: E.moshkoviskii; Polymerase chain reaction technique; Diarrhea.
Anticancer and apoptosis-inducing effects of curcumin against gall bladder carcinoma
Authors: Pandey Pratibha , Sayyed Uzma , Tiwari Rohit , Pathak Neelam , Siddiqui Mohammad Haris , Bajpai Preeti
Published: March 2018

Curcumin, the primary bioactive component isolated from turmeric, has been shown to possess variety of biologic functions including anti-cancer activity. However, meticulous mechanism of the curcumin in gall bladder cancer has not been explored yet. Therefore, in our study, we elucidated the mechanism of the anticancer action of curcumin against human gall bladder cancer cells. It was found that the curcumin treated GBC cells decreased cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner. Nuclear condensation, Annexin V-FITC/PI positive cells, and caspase-3 activation confirmed the apoptotic induction due to anti-proliferative action of curcumin. Furthermore, curcumin induced disruption in the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species generation which has not yet been reported in earlier studies of curcumin with gall bladder cancer. Moreover, curcumin-induced apoptosis of gall bladder cancer cells was also accompanied by significant amount of growth arrest at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle which has also not been documented previously. To the best part of my knowledge, this study has established curcumin as one of the promising chemotherapeutic agent against gall bladder carcinoma. Thus the present study explored a novel mechanism explaining the anti cancerous effects of curcumin, and may provide an alternative therapeutic approach which can overcome the side effects of chemotherapy.

Keywords: Gall bladder carcinoma Curcumin; Cell cycle analysis; Caspase-3; Apoptosis
Yohanes Bambang Mulyono, Sejarah dan Penafsiran Leksionaris Versi RCL, Jakarta: Grafika KreasIndo, 2014, xv+257 hlm.
Authors: Harun Martin
Published: March 2018

Berulang kali saya ditanya oleh sesama umat Katolik apakah buku bacaan Misa Katolik juga dipakai oleh gereja Protestan, sebab mereka mengalami bahwa dalam ibadat hari minggu gereja Kristen lain dipakai bacaan Alkitab yang sama. Memang belum banyak diketahui perkem-bangan luar biasa yang selama setengah abad terakhir terjadi berkaitan dengan lectionarium atau leksionari ibadat hari Minggu dalam seluruh umat Kristen. Karena itu publikasi thesis Pendeta Y.B. Mulyono (S2 di STT Proklamasi) tentang Revised Common Lectionary (RCL) sangat di-butuhkan, dan membantu juga diri saya.

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Thesis M. yang diterbitkan dengan rapi oleh Grafika KreasIndo (Sinode GKI) menjadi bacaan penting bagi setiap pengkhotbah, entah pendeta atau imam, dan hendaknya mendapat tempat dalam pendidikan hermeneutika dan homiletika para calon imam dan pendeta. (Martin Harun, Guru Besar Ilmu Teologi Emeritus, Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Driyarkara, Jakarta).
Kampanye Anti-Vaksin oleh Seorang Dokter, Apakah Melanggar Etik?
Authors: Sundoro Julitasari , Sulaiman Ali , Purwadianto Agus , Wasisto Broto
Published: March 2018

Sejarah terjadinya wabah cacar telah melahirkan era baru dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit infeksi. Pada abad ke-19 mulai diperkenalkan terminologi vaksin dan vaksinasi. Lambat laun, vaksinasi kian populer karena mampu mengeradikasi penyakit cacar dan mampu mengontrol penyakit infeksi lainnya. Namun, perkembangan vaksin tidak serta merta mendapat tanggapan positif. Di tengah masyarakat lahirlah gerakan antivaksinasi yang vokal menyuarakan bahaya dari vaksinasi. Dokter sebagai garda terdepan di bidang kesehatan sekaligus penanggung jawab pasien memegang peran penting untuk mencerdaskan dan tidak terlibat dalam pusaran propaganda antivaksinasi.
Penerapan Revisi Sumpah Dokter Terbaru oleh World Medical Association (WMA) di Indonesia
Authors: Purwadianto Agus , Wasisto Broto , Sjamsuhidajat R
Published: March 2018

World Medical Association (WMA) mengeluarkan revisi sumpah dokter terbaru dalam Deklarasi Geneva tahun 2017. Sumpah dokter di Indonesia tercantum di KODEKI 2012 dan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No. 26 Tahun 1960. Sumpah disesuaikan dengan nilai dan keragaman agama di suatu negara. Beberapa revisi tersebut antara lain menghormati otonomi dan keluhuran pasien tanpa mempertimbangkan latar belakang pasien serta menghargai hubungan dengan guru, kolega, dan mahasiswa. Perubahan lainnya adalah menghilangkan kata “sejak konsepsi” pada butir menghormati kehidupan manusia. Butir tambahan adalah dokter akan menjaga kesehatan dirinya, menjalankan profesi sesuai praktis medis, dan akan membagi ilmu yang dimilikinya untuk kepentingan pasien. Untuk penerapannya di Indonesia, diperlukan persetujuan draft sumpah WMA yang disesuaikan dengan nilai di Indonesia, kemudian diterjemahkan oleh pihak yang dipilih PB IDI dan ditetapkan menjadi peraturan pemerintah.
Ham Madde Cinsi ve Üretim Parametrelerinin İplik Kalitesine Etkisi: Open-End İplikçiliği Üzerine Bir Uygulama
Authors: ERSOY Yusuf , ŞENOL Mahmut Fikri
Published: March 2018

Bu
çalışmada, Sclafhorts-Saurer firması tarafından geliştirilmiş olan Autocoro 8
open-end rotor iplik makinesinde 18 farklı üretim parametresinde toplam 72 adet
test bobini üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. 
İki farklı ham madde karışımından (% 80 pamuk-%20 polyester ve %91
pamuk-%9 polyester) üretilmiş olan ipliklerin tüylülük, ince yer, kalın yer,
neps ve düzgünsüzlük (% U) değerleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen ölçüm
sonuçlarına SPPS 18 programında regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada,
geri dönüşüm ham madde kullanılarak Autocoro 8 open-end rotor iplik makinesinde
yüksek devirlerde dahi kaliteli iplik üretilebildiği ve kullanılan ham madde
cinsi ve üretim parametrelerinin iplik kalitesini doğrudan etkilediği sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.
Rekomendasi Pemupukan Kalium pada Budi Daya Cabai Merah Besar (Capscicum annuum L) di Inceptisols Dramaga
Authors: Sari Widyanti Amanda , D. Susila Anas
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe  objective  of  this  study  was  to  determine  the  optimum  rate  of potassium  fertilization  in Inceptisols Dramaga. The experiment was conducted at Cikabayan University Farm from March to July 2014. This study was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design one factor with five K fertilization rates, ie 0X (0 kg K2O ha-1), ¼ X (193.09 kg K2O ha-1), ½ X (386.19 kg K2O ha-1), ¾ X (579.29 kg K2O ha-1),  and  1X  (772.39  kg  K2O  ha-1).  Potassium fertilizer  was applied  in  three applications  at  3,  6,  and  9  weeks  after transplanting. The  results  showed  that  K  fertilization increased plant height, leaf  number,  weight  per  plant,  fruit  weight,  fruit  diameter, fruit length, marketable yield per plot, unmarketable yield per plot, marketable yield per hectare, and  decrased unmarketable yield per hectare with linear response pattern. Addition of potassium did not affect the time of anthesis and fruit ripening. The addition of potassium fertilizer also increased total yield per plot and total yield per hectare with quadratic response pattern. In the medium K soil content with the value of 146.2 ppm (Morgan) K recommendation for red chili in inceptisols Dramaga  was 487.5 kg K2O ha-1.Keywords: fertilizer, K2O, Morgan, optimum rate ABSTRAKPenelitian  ini  bertujuan  memperoleh  dosis  optimum  pemupukan  kalium pada  Inceptisols Dramaga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di unit lapangan Cikabayan University Farm mulai Maret sampai Juli  2014.  Penelitian  ini  menggunakan Rancangan  Kelompok  Lengkap  Teracak  (RKLT)  1  faktor dengan lima perlakuan dosis pemupukan K, yaitu 0  X(0  kg K2O ha-1), ¼ X(193.09 kg K2O ha-1), ½ X(386.19  kg  K2O  ha-1),  ¾  X(579.29  kg  K2O  ha-1),  dan  1 X(772.39  kg  K2O  ha-1).  Pupuk  kalium diaplikasikan dalam tiga kali aplikasi pada 3, 6, dan 9 MST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan  K meningkatkan  tinggi  tanaman,  jumlah  daun,  bobot  tanaman-1,  bobot  per buah, diameter buah, panjang buah, bobot layak per petak, bobot tidak layak per petak, bobot layak per hektar, dan mengurangi bobot tidak layak pasar per hektar dengan pola respon linear. Sementara itu penambahan kalium tidak berpengaruh terhadap waktu antesis dan waktu masak buah. Penambahan pupuk kalium juga meningkatkan hasil bobot panen total per petak dan panen total per hektar dengan pola respon kuadratik. Pada tingkat kelas ketersediaan K  sedang dengan nilai terekstrak 146.2 ppm (Morgan) dihasilkan rekomendasi kalium untuk budi daya cabai merah besar di inceptisols Dramaga adalah 487.5 kg K2O ha-1.Kata kunci: dosis optimum, K2O, Morgan, pupuk
Efektivitas Pemberian IAA, IBA, NAA, dan Root-up pada Pembibitan Kesemek
Authors: Setiawan Eko
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTOriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) originated from and has mainly been cultivated in China, Korea, and Japan, and currently it is cultivated in Batu, Kuningan, and Brastagi regions, Indonesia. Success in propagating persimmon in Indonesia has been limited. The objective of the study was to determine propagation techniques through root cutting supplemented with auxin treatment. All seedlings from root stock cutting supplemented with 100 ppm of either indoleacetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA), α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or Root-up, and control. The results showed bud form stem or root cuttings treated with IAA, NAA and Root-up 100 ppm emerged earlier than IBA 100 ppm and control. The percentage of mortality of Root-up 100 ppm treatment and control cuttings was the highest (50%) than the others treatments. IAA and IBA treatments stimulated larger number of shoot, 16.5 and 17.0 shoots, respectively. The number of leaves was higher in plant treated with IAA 100 ppm (20.8 leaves). Keywords: auxin, Diospyros kaki L., germination, leaf number, root stock  ABSTRAK Tanaman kesemek atau oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) banyak dibudidayakan di China, Korea, serta Jepang, dan saat ini banyak ditanam di Indonesia seperti di daerah Batu, Kuningan, dan Brastagi. Keberhasilan pembibitan kesemek di Indonesia masih rendah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperbanyak tanaman secara vegetatif dari pemisahan tunas akar dengan perlakuan auksin guna mendukung pengembangan pembibitan tanaman kesemek. Perbanyakan tanaman dilakukan dengan tunas akar yang direndam dengan auksin (IAA, IBA, NAA, dan Root-up; masing-masing 100 ppm), serta perlakuan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan IAA, NAA dan Root-up 100 ppm menghasilkan tunas lebih awal dibandingkan dengan kontrol dan IBA 100 ppm. Tingkat kematian bibit tertinggi mencapai 50% terjadi pada perlakuan Root-up 100 ppm dan kontrol. Jumlah tunas terbanyak dihasilkan oleh perlakuan IAA dan IBA sebanyak 16.5 dan 17.0 tunas. Jumlah daun terbanyak dihasilkan oleh perlakuan IAA 100 ppm (20.8 helai).Kata kunci: auksin, Diospyros kaki L., jumlah daun, muncul tunas, tunas akar
Controle de Qualidade dos monitores de interpretação de imagens radiológicas digitais: Uma revisão
Authors: Favero Mariana Saibt , Goulart Adriano Oliveira dos Santos
Published: March 2018

O desempenho de monitores tem grande importância na qualidade da imagem de sistemas radiográficos digitais. Em ambientes sem filmes, tornou-se necessário implementar testes de aceitação e controle de qualidade em monitores usados para interpretação de imagens médicas. Os monitores dedicados ao radiodiagnóstico devem fornecer informações que representam pequenas diferenças em atenuação de raios X ou pequenas diferenças de alguma região anatômica de interesse. Isso deve resultar também em pequenas diferenças em luminância de uma imagem representada. Os fatores que afetam a qualidade das imagens médicas são contraste, ruído, resolução, artefatos e distorções. Por isso, um monitor deve possuir características específicas, para que tornem possível ao médico radiologista realizar uma avaliação que leve ao melhor diagnóstico. Com base na necessidade de avaliar monitores para diagnóstico nas mais diversas aplicações radiológicas, esse trabalho visa apresentar um resumo para a execução e padronização dos testes que são recomendados pela publicação AAPM Report 03.
Computational analysis of 'Dose/Collision Kerma' relationship and lateral boundary in Stereotatic circular fields using EGSnrc.
Authors: Leão Reginaldo Gonçalves , Sousa Rômulo Verdolin de , Oliveira Arno Heeren de , Silva Hugo Lemos Leonardo , Mourão Arnaldo Prata
Published: March 2018

Objectives: This work aimed to obtain data from small fields of X-rays that evidence of the hypotheses cited as cause of difficulties for the dosimetry of these. For this purpose, the verification of compatibility between the dosimetric boundary of field and the geometric size of field, was performed. Also was made, the verification of kerma dose according to the expected relationship for conventional fields. Materials and Methods: Computer simulations of smaller fields 5x5 cm² were performed using the Monte Carlo method by egs_chamber application, this derived from EGSnrc radiation transport code. As particulate sources were used phase space files of a Clinac 2100 head model coupled to cones Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Results: The simulations suggested the existence of a plateau in discrepancies between the dose FWHM and the nominal diameter of the field close to 8%. These simulations also indicated a decrease of these values for fields with diameters smaller than 12 mm and larger than 36 mm. Simultaneously, the dose kerma differences in depth reached values higher than 14% in the case where the phenomenon is more significant.  Conclusion: The data showed that in fact the behavior of small fields clashes with that expected for conventional fields, and that the traditional dosimetric conventions do not apply to such fields requiring a specialized approach to the techniques that employ them. Furthermore, the existence of the aforementioned plateau of discrepancies, along with the decrease thereof in less than 15 mm diameter fields constitute a remarkable finding.
Variabilidade Metodológica na Aquisição, Reconstrução e Análise de Estudos de PET/CT Oncológico com FDG-18F: Levantamento Estadual
Authors: Fischer da Silveira Fischer Andréia Caroline , Cesar Druzian Aline , Bromfman Pianta Diego , Marques da Silva Ana Maria , Bacelar Alexandre
Published: March 2018

A quantificação do SUV em PET/CT oncológico com FDG-18F mostra-se útil para o diagnóstico, estadiamento e avaliação de tratamentos em oncologia. Entretanto, fatores biológicos e técnicos acarretam imprecisão à sua quantificação. O uso do SUV como ferramenta diagnóstica exige que a influência destes seja minimizada mediante a padronização dos métodos de aquisição, reconstrução e análise dos estudos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a variabilidade metodológica da aquisição de estudos de PET/CT no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foi aplicado um questionário para levantamento das informações técnicas dos sistemas PET/CT e dos métodos de aquisição e análise de exames. Todos os serviços implementam programas de garantia da qualidade coerentes com as recomendações (inter)nacionais. Entretanto, os métodos de aquisição e reconstrução da PET divergem. Sugere-se a implementação de uma estratégia de harmonização da quantificação do SUV, atribuindo-lhe maior reprodutibilidade e repetibilidade.
Avaliação de uma nova metodologia de irradiação de mama esquerda na fase de inspiração
Authors: Da Silva Laura Emília , Peres da Silva Leonardo , Gonzalez Gullo Rafael , Valente Ferreira Diogo Antonio
Published: March 2018

A radioterapia é a principal abordagem terapêutica para câncer de mama e envolve a exposição significante de coração e pulmões, principalmente nos casos de mama esquerda. A implementação de uma metodologia que reduza a dose nesses órgãos é importante para garantir melhor qualidade de vida à paciente. Este trabalho objetiva,então, avaliar redução de dose cardíaca e pulmonar quando se realiza o planejamento radioterápico considerando apenas a fase de inspiração. Três pacientes com mama esquerda presente foram tomografadas durante a respiração livre e sob monitoração respiratória, realizando-se o planejamento com base em cada uma. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma redução na dose média cardíaca de 53%, em média. Quanto aos volumes pulmonares, obteve-se uma redução de, em média, 44,6% e 51% de pulmão esquerdo que recebeu 10Gy e 20Gy, respectivamente. Dessa forma, o estudo mostrou que o emprego do gating respiratório para a radioterapia de mama esquerda pode reduzir doses cardíacas e pulmonares.
Avaliação da resposta do gel polimérico MAGIC-f modificado utilizando uma fonte clínica de braquiterapia e simulação Monte Carlo com o pacote PENELOPE
Authors: Quevedo Ana Luíza , Borges Leandro Federiche , Nicolucci Patrícia
Published: March 2018

Neste trabalho foi realizada a comparação entre distribuições de doses relativas experimental e simulada de uma fonte clínica de braquiterapia. Um objeto simulador de 5x5x7 cm3 com gel polimérico MAGIC-f, com formulação modificada, foi irradiado com uma fonte clínica de 192Ir, Varian, modelo GammaMed Plus. Esse objeto simulador foi irradiado com uma dose de 7,5 Gy, comumente utilizada em tratamentos ginecológicos. A leitura da distribuição de dose foi realizada 24 h após a irradiação, utilizando-se Imagem por Ressonância Magnética, ponderada em T2, com tempo de repetição de 6000 ms, 15 ms de tempo ao eco, 16 ecos e tamanho de pixel de 0,40 mm. Essa mesma fonte foi modelada no pacote PENELOPE e utilizada para a obtenção das distribuições de doses da mesma. As energias de corte para elétrons, fótons e pósitrons foram de 100 keV, os parâmetros de condensão de partículas primárias permaneceram iguais à 0,3. Foram obtidas distribuições de dose em dois planos perpendiculares à fonte: um plano passando pelo centro da fonte e outro à 0,5 cm do centro da fonte na direção do topo do encapsulamento. Comparando-se os resultados experimentais utilizando o gel polimérico aos resultados computacionais, as maiores diferenças entre as distribuições de doses foram de 12,5% em um ponto a 0,62 cm da fonte, para o plano passando pelo centro da fonte, e de 6,4% a 0,5 cm, para o plano superior. Considerando-se o alto gradiente de dose de fontes clínicas de Braquiterapia, os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho indicam que o gel MAGIC-f com sua formulação modificada, apresenta-se como promissor para dosimetria em braquiterapia.