bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
”Et paljon saanut, mutta kaikkesi annoit”
Authors: Linturi Jenni
Published: December 2017

Artikkeli käsittelee Helsingin Sanomien kuolinilmoituksien sunnuntainumeroiden sukupuolta. Kriittisen diskurssianalyysin avulla erotetaan toisistaan neljä kuolinilmoituksissa esiintyvää diskurssia: matka, muisto, testamentti ja isänmaan pojat. Artikkelissa osoitetaan, että naisia muistellaan ilmoituksissa yleensä sydämen tai olemuksen kautta ja miehiä käsien ja elämässä tehdyn työn kautta. Näyttää siltä, että kuolinilmoituksissa sukupuolen representaatiot muuttuvat hitaasti. Sukupuolen stereotyyppinen esittäminen on kiinnostavaa siksi, että feministisessä tutkimuksessa kuolinilmoitukset on usein haluttu nähdä sanomalehden yksityisenä ja siten naiserityisenä tilana. Artikkelissa halutaan kyseenalaistaa sanomalehden yksityisten tilojen naiserityisyys. Ensinnäkin voidaan kysyä, ovatko kuolinilmoitukset yksityisiä tiloja vai onko kysymys vain erilaisesta julkisuuden asteesta kuin uutisissa. Toiseksi on huomattava, että yksityiset tilat eivät historiallisesti ole kuuluneet naisille siksi, että he olisivat valinneet yksityisen tilan, vaan siksi, että heillä ei ole ollut pääsyä julkiseen tilaan.
Kriisijournalismia ennen ja nyt
Authors: Raittila Pentti , Koljonen Kari
Published: December 2017

Artikkeli käsittelee kriisijournalismin kehitystä Suomessa. Laadullisen analyysin kohteena on onnettomuuksien ja rikosten uhrien, heidän omaistensa sekä pelastuneiden silminnäkijöiden rooli katastrofeista kertovassa journalismissa vuodesta 1929 vuoteen 2008. Tutkimustuloksia tulkitaan journalistiprofession ja -etiikan kehityksen sekä journalistien itsereflektion näkökulmista. Tutkimusaineistoina ovat sanomalehtitekstit, journalistien ammattilehdet ja toimittajien haastattelut. Artikkelissa kuvataan kriisijournalismin ristiriitaista muutosta. Katastrofia käsittelevien juttujen muoto on muuttunut persoonattomista selostuksista yksilöiden kohtaloita kuvaaviksi tarinoiksi. Toisaalta sanomalehdet kertovat erityisesti 2000-luvulla kuolemasta ja kuolonuhreista aiempaa hienovaraisemmin. Journalismin professionaalistuminen 1900-luvun jälkipuoliskolla merkitsi mm. sitä, että journalistien eettiset periaatteet ja itsesääntely vahvistuivat. Kriisiuutisointi on viime vuosina saanut osakseen voimakasta kritiikkiä, ja ammattikunnan sisäisen keskustelun kautta kehittynyt itsesääntely on 2000-luvun kriisien jälkeen tehnyt tilaa journalismin arvioinnille, joka perustuu yleisöpalautteeseen ja seurausetiikkaan.
Nokian vesikriisi yllätti
Authors: Lavento Heidi
Published: December 2017

Kriisejä on usein tarkasteltu psykologisesta, yhteiskuntapoliittisesta tai teknologisrakenteellisesta näkökulmasta. Tässä artikkelissa nämä näkökulmat yhdistetään ja kysytään, miksi Nokian vesikriisissä kuntalaisia varoitettiin vasta useita päiviä vaaran merkkien havaitsemisen jälkeen. Kysymykseen haetaan vastausta analysoimalla sitä, kuinka tapauksen kriisijohtamisessa arvioitiin vaaran merkkejä, luotiin tilannekuvaa tapahtuneesta. Erityistä huomiota kiinnitetään kriisin varautumisvaiheeseen ja kriisin akuuttivaiheen johtamiseen. Analyysi osoittaa, että Nokian kaupungin organisaatiossa vaaran merkeissä ei aluksi nähty mitään yllättävää ja niihin pyrittiin reagoimaan samalla tavoin kuin aiempiin häiriöihin oli vastattu. Tilannekuvaa rakennettiin vain vesihuoltolaitoksen sisältä eikä saatavilla olevaa informaatiota kyetty keräämään tehokkaasti. Virheellisestä tilannekuvasta pidettiin kiinni vielä siinä vaiheessa, kun se osoittautui vääräksi. Nokian vesikriisistä puuttui luova kriisijohtaminen. Tutkimuksen aineisto muodostuu viranomaistoimijoiden ja toimittajien haastatteluista, päätöspöytäkirjoista, tiedotteista, sisäisistä selvityksistä sekä kaupungin valmiussuunnitelmista.
Sosiaalinen media – millaista sosiaalisuutta?
Authors: Matikainen Janne
Published: December 2017

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan sosiaalista mediaa sosiaalipsykologian näkökulmasta. Sosiaalisella medialla tarkoitetaan monimuotoisia ja vuorovaikutteisia verkkoympäristöjä, joissa käyttäjät tuottavat sisältöä. Tunnettuja esimerkkejä ovat Wikipedia, Facebook, YouTube ja blogit. Artikkelissa hyödynnetään Willem Doisen (1982) esittämiä sosiaalipsykologian selitystasoja, jolloin sosiaalisuutta tarkastellaan yksilönsisäisellä tasolla, yksilöiden välisellä tasolla, asemien tai ryhmien välisten suhteiden tasolla sekä ideologioiden ja joukkojen tasolla. Olennaisia tarkastelun kohteita ovat osallistumismotiivit, tietokonevälitteinen viestintä (computer-mediated communication CMC), verkkoyhteisöt sekä joukkojen toiminta sosiaalisessa mediassa. Artikkelissa päädytään kahteen keskeiseen johtopäätökseen. Eri teoriat painottavat sosiaalisen identiteetin merkitystä. Ryhmiin, yhteisöihin ja joukkoihin samastuminen perustuu sosiaaliseen identiteettiin. Toiseksi sosiaalisuus on yksilähtöistä ja kyse on yksilöiden välisistä verkostoista. Kaiken kaikkiaan sosiaalisen median käsite on hajanainen, minkä vuoksi yleistävien havaintojen tekeminen sosiaalisuuden luonteesta on vaikeaa.
Kehitysopin julkinen ymmärrys ja populaari evoluutiodiskurssi
Authors: Setälä Vienna
Published: December 2017

Tässä artikkelissa analysoidaan evoluutioteoriasta käytyä keskustelua, joka virisi syksyllä 2006 tiedelehti Sciencen julkaistua kansainvälisen arvion kehitysopin julkisesta ymmärryksestä. Suomi ei yltänyt selvityksessä teollisuusmaiden kärkijoukkoon, mikä tulkittiin mediassa laajasti kansalliseksi häpeäksi ja uhaksi tieteen asemalle. Käytän aineistonani Helsingin Sanomien ja Turun Sanomien artikkeleita ja osoitan, että väite suomalaisten heikosta tiedetietämyksestä on ristiriitainen suhteessa tiedebarometrien tuloksiin. Esitän kehysanalyysiin ja kriittisen diskurssianalyysiin perustuen, että keskustelua hallitsi luonnontiedelähtöinen ja vastakkainasetteluun perustuva puhetapa, joka asemoi lukijaa suhteessa laajempiin kysymyksiin kuin pelkkä evoluutioteorian tieteellinen status. Lopuksi tukeudun tieteen julkisen ymmärryksen tutkimuksen (PUS) kriittiseen suuntaukseen ja tulkitsen keskustelun kehyksiä ja diskursseja kolmen sosiokulttuurisen teeman kautta. Nämä teemat ovat kansallinen itsetunto, tiedesodat ja evoluutiopsykologian legitimaatio. Pohdin myös keskustelun uskontokriittistä juonnetta.
Kohti verkkomainetta: käsityksiä organisaation verkkoviestinnästä maineen rakentajana
Authors: Aula Pekka
Published: December 2017

Artikkelissa pohditaan organisaation maineenhallinnan ja verkkoviestinnän välisiä yhteyksiä. Tarkastelun keskiössä ovat yhtäältä teoriavetoinen pohdinta maineen rakenteesta ja toisaalta organisaatioviestinnän ammattilaisten näkemykset verkkoviestinnän vaikutusmahdollisuuksista mainetta määrittäviin organisationaalisiin tekijöihin ja maineen tuottamiin hyötyihin organisaatiolle. Keskeiseksi nousee kysymys viestinnän vaikutuksista, mikä tässä yhteydessä rajautuu toteutuneiden vaikutusten sijaan organisaatioviestinnän ammattilaisten vaikutusarvioihin. Artikkeli esittelee havaintoja tutkimuksesta, jonka tarkoituksena on selventää viestinnän ammattilaisten vallitsevia käsityksiä maineen ja verkon vaikutussuhteista, vaikutuksista maineen rakennetekijöihin ja potentiaalisiin mainehyötyihin. Ensin esitellään kirjallisuudesta ja aiemmasta tutkimuksesta johdettu käsitteellinen tarkastelukehys verkkoviestinnän ja maineen rakentumisen ja hyötyjen välisistä suhteista. Tämän jälkeen tarkastellaan kyselytutkimuksella kerätyn aineiston määrällisellä analyysillä, miten viestinnän ammattilaisten näkemykset suhteutuvat tarkastelukehikon sisältämiin propositioiksi muotoiltuihin väitteisiin.
Affektin paluu?
Tunneongelma suomalaisessa mediatutkimuksessa
Authors: Koivunen Anu
Published: December 2017

Artikkelissa kartoitetaan humanistisen ja yhteiskuntatieteellisen tutkimuksen kansainvälisessä kentässä havaittavaa ”affektiivista käännettä” eli tieteiden väliset rajat ylittävää kiinnostusta tutkia ihmisen ja maailman suhteita, merkityksenmuodostusta ja kulttuurin ja yhteiskunnan olemisen tapoja tuntemisen, tuntumisen ja kokemisen käsittein. Vaikka kysymyksenasettelut heijastuvat myös uuteen suomalaiseen mediatutkimukseen, artikkeli esittää puheen käänteestä olevan Suomessa liioittelua. Pikemminkin mediatutkimuksen perinteitä jäsentää tunneongelma: tunteiden ja kokemuksellisuuden kysymysten sivuuttaminen ja/tai käsittäminen ongelmaksi. Artikkelissa jäljitetään tunneongelmaa 1960-luvun lopun varhaiseen yleisradiotutkimukseen, jossa –toisin kuin esimerkiksi kansalaisuutta ja julkisoutta selvittävässä tutkimuksessa – tunteet ja affektiivisuus tematisoituivat selkeästi samalla kun järjen ja tunteen sekä asian ja viihteen kyseenalaistamattomat vastakkainasettelut muovasivat tutkimusagendaa. Artikkelissa esitetään, että mediatutkijoiden kollektiivisena haasteena on tämän niin sanotun poliittisen modernismin perintöön liittyvän ”tunneongelman” purkaminen: tunteiden, kokemuksellisuuden ja aistimellisuuden vakavasti ottaminen yli ja ohi viihteen kategorian, relevantin kriittisen sanaston ja tutkimusmenetelmien kehittäminen sekä tunteiden käsittäminen keskeiseksi kulttuurin ja yhteiskunnan tutkimuksen alueeksi.
Sanomalehti, Internet ja demokratia
Authors: Sparks Colin , Kunelius Risto
Published: December 2017

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"Tyttörukat kulttuurin ansassa"
Syömähäiriöt ja niiden esittämisen politiikka
Authors: Saukko Paula
Published: December 2017

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Roma y la conquista del NE de la Citerior. El léxico étnico literario
Authors: Muñiz Coello Joaquín
Published: December 2017

Sometido el pueblo ilergeta y sus aliados, las tierras del NE de la provincia Citerior se mantuvieron fieles a los compromisos firmados con los romanos. Esta fidelidad se manifiesta sobre todo en las guerras del último siglo de la República. El análisis del vocabulario étnico de nuestras fuentes literarias ayuda a entender el contexto.
Osteochondromyxoma of the nasal cavity: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Waissbluth Sofia , Winter Matias , Dreyse Ximena , Solar Antonieta , Castro Marcelo , Rosenblut Andrés
Published: December 2017

Background:

Osteochondromyxoma is an extremely rare benign tumor. Few cases have been described in the literature. Patients with Carney complex may present with this tumor.

Case Presentation:

We report a case of a nasal osteochondromyxoma in a 21-year-old female patient who presented with progressive nasal congestion, anosmia, and episodes of self-limiting epistaxis. Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized axial tomography scans were performed which demonstrated a large tumor occupying the nasal cavity. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed resulting in complete resection of the tumor. No recurrence has been observed at 24 months following endoscopic sinus surgery. The patient has also recovered olfaction.

Conclusion:

Although osteochondromyxomas are extremely rare, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for nasal tumors and surgical resection should be completed. A multidisciplinary assessment is recommended as it is a major criterion for the diagnosis of Carney complex.
A racionalidade pedagógica nos processos de mediação à produção de sentidos e de aprendizagem aos saberes
Authors: Therrien Jacques , Azevedo Maria Raquel de Carvalho , Lacerda Cecília Rosa
Published: December 2017

O estudo focaliza o saber ensinar como uma competência objeto de formação específica na instituição universitária: envolve a práxis de um sujeito mediador de aprendizagem cujo desempenho afeta tanto a sua própria identidade como a dos sujeitos aprendizes que dela participam. Situa o fenômeno da aprendizagem em contexto de relações intersubjetivas de comunicação dialógica sob o prisma da mediação movida por uma racionalidade produtora de sentidos e significados pela transformação pedagógica dos conteúdos de ensino. Dá-se ênfase à racionalidade da dinâmica que configura a relação intersubjetiva no trabalho docente, concebendo esta como racionalidade pedagógica que requer competência comunicativa e dialógica, fonte de reflexividade crítica e transformadora. A epistemologia da práxis subjacente à abordagem do estudo é geradora de processos de formação integral e permanente em perspectiva de emancipação profissional e cidadã.
The S66 noncovalent interactions benchmark reconsidered using explicitly correlated methods near the basis set limit
Authors: Kesharwani Manoj Kumar , Karton Amir , Sylvetsky Nitai , M. L. Martin Jan
Published: December 2017

The S66 benchmark for noncovalent interactions has been re-evaluated using explicitly correlated methods with basis sets near the one-particle basis set limit. It is found that post-MP2 “high-level corrections” are treated adequately well using a combination of CCSD(F12*) with (aug-)cc-pVTZ-F12 basis sets on the one hand, and (T) extrapolated from conventional CCSD(T)/heavy-aug-cc-pV{D,T}Z on the other hand. Implications for earlier benchmarks on the larger S66x8 problem set in particular, and for accurate calculations on noncovalent interactions in general, are discussed. At a slight cost in accuracy, (T) can be considerably accelerated by using sano-V{D,T}Z+ basis sets, while half-counterpoise CCSD(F12*)(T)/cc-pVDZ-F12 offers the best compromise between accuracy and computational cost.
Stereoscopic Architectural Photography and Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology
Authors: Klahr Douglas M.
Published: December 2017

Stereoscopic photography utilizes dual camera lenses that are placed at approximately the interocular distance of human beings in order to replicate the slight difference between what each eye sees and therefore the effect of parallax. The pair of images that results is then viewed through a stereoscope. By adjusting the device, the user eventually sees the two photographs merge into a single one that has receding planes of depth, often producing a vivid illusion of intense depth. Stereoscopy was used by photographers throughout the second half of the Nineteenth Century to document every building that was deemed to be culturally significant by the European and American photographers who pioneered the medium, starting with its introduction to the general public at the Crystal Palace in London in 1851. By the early 1900s, consumers in Europe and America could purchase from major firms stereoscopic libraries of buildings from around the world. Stereoscopic photography brought together the emotional, technical and informed acts of looking, especially with regard to architecture. In this essay, the focus in upon the first of those acts, wherein the phenomenal and spatial dimensions of viewing are examined. Images of architecture are used to argue that the medium not only was a manifestation of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception, but also validated the philosophy. After an analysis of how stereoscopic photography and Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy intersect, seven stereographs of architectural and urban subjects are discussed as examples, with the spatial boundaries of architecture and cities argued as especially adept in highlighting connections between the medium and the philosophy. In particular, the notion of Fundierung relationships, the heart of Merleau-Ponty phenomenology, is shown to closely align with the stereoscopic viewing experience describing layers of dependency.
Dialéctica a través del objetivo: Escuela en Hunstanton
Authors: Climent Mondéjar María José
Published: December 2017

En este artículo se pretende abordar la capacidad que tiene la propia arquitectura para expresarse a través de su propia imagen y la habilidad de esta última para poner de manifiesto una posición en un contexto geopolítico. Todo ello, entendiendo por imagen una representación bidimensional de la arquitectura y su contexto, captada en un instante concreto. Esta temática se estudia atendiendo al ejemplo de la escuela en Hunstanton de Alison y Peter Smithson, un edificio que siempre ha sobrevivido, de alguna u otra manera, al sambenito de “edificio maldito” otorgado por la crítica y, durante mucho tiempo, asumido por parte de sus autores. Las imágenes tomadas por los propios Smithson, así como las realizadas por su gran amigo, el fotógrafo Nigel Henderson, son portadoras de significados más complejos que aquellas fotografías, más estáticas, que han venido ilustrando los libros de Historia. A través de este texto se pretenden analizar las interacciones entre historiador y arquitecto, basándose en la interpretación del imaginario arquitectónico, para concluir qué tipo de narrativas son las que se han venido utilizando a lo largo del tiempo para contar una arquitectura y qué pretensiones subyacen tras la elección de unas gramáticas u otras por parte de los arquitectos autores de las mismas.
R. WILSON - Image, Text, Architecture. The Utopics of the Architectural Media
Authors: Pérez Lucía C.
Published: December 2017

Robin WilsonImage, Text, Architecture. The Utopics of the Architectural MediaRoutledge, Londres, 2015, 252 páginas.Idioma: inglés. Tapa dura. 42,23 €. ISBN: 9781472414434
W. HEGEMANN - La Berlín de piedra. Historia de la mayor ciudad de caserones de alquiler
Authors: García Estévez Carolina B.
Published: December 2017

Werner HegemannLa Berlín de piedra. Historia de la mayor ciudad de caserones de alquilerEdición a cargo de Ángel Martín Ramos, Fundación Esteyco, Madrid, 2016, 412 páginas.Idioma: castellano. 26 €. ISBN: 978-84-943324-6-3
G. BARAZZETTA - All’ombra di Pouillon
Authors: Ferlenga Alberto
Published: December 2017

Giulio BarazzettaAll’ombra di PouillonLetteraVentidue (colección Figure), Siracusa, 2016, 80 páginas.Idioma: italiano. Tapa blanda. 12 x 18 cm. 9 €. ISBN-10: 8862421885. ISBN-13: 978-8862421881. [Edición francesa: À l’ombre de Pouillon, Éditions Transversales, 2017, 12 €. ISBN: 978-2-9520365-5-9]
E. DELGADO ORUSCO y J. VIVER - El Faro / The Lighthouse
Authors: López-Bahut Emma
Published: December 2017

Eduardo Delgado Orusco y Javier ViverEl Faro / The LighthouseRU books, Málaga, 2016, 132 páginas.Idiomas: castellano/ inglés. 21 x 21 cm. Cubierta blanda. 15 €. ISBN: 978-84-944786-1-1
Geometry Skill Analysis In Problem Solving Reviewed From The Difference Of Cognitive Style Students Junior High School
Authors: Nur Andi Saparuddin , Nurvitasari Evy
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to analyze the geometry skills in solving problems in terms of cognitive styles differences in the students of SMP Negeri Urumb. The type of this research is descriptive research that is qualitative with case study approach. The subject of this research is all students of SMP Negeri Urumb. Subject selection is done by using snowball sampling technique. The main instrument in this study is the researchers themselves and accompanied by supporting instruments such as diagnostic tests, geometry solving test, and interview guides. Validity and reliability of data is done through credibility test, transferability test, dependability test, and confirmability test. Data analysis consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study were (1) reflective FI subjects showing visual, verbal, drawing, and logic skills with level of geometry thinking at level 2 (informal deduction); (2) impulsive FI subjects exhibiting visual, verbal, and drawing skills with geometric thinking level at level 1 (analysis), (3) reflective FD subjects exhibit visual skills, and draw with level of geometric thinking at level 0 (visualization), and (4) impulsive FD subjects exhibit visual, verbal skills with geometric level thinking at level 0 (visualization).
The Implementation of Traditional Games to Improve the Social Emotional Early Childhood
Authors: Lestari Putu Indah , Prima Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

The aims of this study was to improve the social emotional early childhood through the traditional game. This research was conducted on the children of group B TK Pradnyandari III Kerobokan in the academic year 2016 / 2017. This research used Classroom Action Research design with observation method. The subjects of this study were 22 children ofÂ  group B1 TK Pradnyandari III Kerobokan consisting of 11 sons and 11 daughters. The object of research is the application of traditional children's games to increase social emotional early childhood. The results og this research as in Cycle I, 14 children (63.64%) reached the completeness learning mastery, 8 children (36.36%) had not reached. In Cycle II, 20 children (90,91%) reached the learning mastery, leaving only 2 children (9,09%) had not reached. The implementation of traditional games can enhance children's social emotional skill. Based on the research findings there was an improvement of 27.27% learning mastery of the children from Cycle I to Cycle II. This means that the application of traditional games can improve children's social emotional development. Traditional games can be piloted in other areas of development skill in early childhood education.
Cicer echinospermum P.H. Davis genotiplerinde nohut yaprak galeri sineğine [Liriomyza cicerina Rond. (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] dayanıklılığın değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SARI Hatice , SARI Duygu , ADAK Alper , ÇANCI Hüseyin , İKTEN Cengiz , ERLER Fedai , YILDIRIM Tolga , TOKER Cengiz , KAHRAMAN Abdullah
Published: December 2017

Nohut yaprak galeri sineği [Liriomyza cicerina
Rond. (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] dikkate değer verim kayıplarına yol açtığı için
Türkiye’deki en önemli ve yaygın nohut (Cicer arietinum L) zararlılardan
biridir. Nohut yaprak galeri sineği zararının üstesinden gelmek için en pratik,
çevreci ve ekonomik çözümlerden biri dayanıklı çeşitlerin kullanılmasıdır. Bu
çalışma tarımı yapılan nohut ile melezlenebilen Cicer echinospermum P.H. Davis genotiplerinin nohut yaprak galeri
sineğine dayanıklılık için değerlendirilmesini amaçlamıştır. C. echinospermum türüne ait 22 genotip
ve nohut yaprak galeri sineğine duyarlı tarımı yapılan bir genotip tarla
koşullarında bir 1-9 görsel ölçek kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hassas
genotip (CA 2969) her 10 sırada tekrarlanmıştır. Genotipler 1-9 görsel ölçeği
üzerinden hassas genotip 8 ölçek değeri aldıktan sonra değerlendirilmiştir. C. echinospermum genotiplerinin büyük
çoğunluğu dayanıklı olarak bulunmuştur. Bu dayanıklılık kaynakları C. echinospermum tarımı yapılan nohut
ile melezlenebildiği için ıslah programlarında kullanılabilecektir.
Importance of Grades and Placement for Math Attainment
Authors: Tyson Will , Roksa Josipa
Published: December 2017

Research on high school math course taking documents the advantages of starting high school at or beyond Algebra 1. Fewer studies examine differentiation into remedial, general, and honors Algebra 1 course types by course rigor. This study examines how course grades and course rigor are associated with math attainment among students with similar eighth-grade standardized math test scores. Students who earned an A in remedial courses had lower attainment than students with a D in general Algebra 1. Students with an A in general Algebra 1 had lower attainment than students with median grades in honors Algebra 1.
Assessing the Effects of Place-Based Scholarships on Urban Revitalization: The Case of Say Yes to Education
Authors: Sohn Hosung , Rubenstein Ross , Murchie Judson , Bifulco Robert
Published: December 2017

We find evidence of enrollment increases in both Syracuse and Buffalo following the announcement of a placed-based scholarship program, Say Yes to Education. While the Syracuse increases were accompanied by enrollment declines in surrounding suburban districts, the Buffalo increases coincided with declines in private school enrollments. Buffalo and Rochester also saw enrollment increases relative to trends following the announcement of Say Yes in Syracuse, suggesting that part of the increase in Syracuse might be attributable to factors other than Say Yes. We also find evidence of increases in home prices in Syracuse after the program’s announcement, as well as decreases in the surrounding suburbs. We do not find evidence of similar housing price changes in Buffalo.
Institutional Complexity and Policy Implementation: How Underlying Logics Drive Teacher Interpretations of Reform
Authors: Bridwell-Mitchell E. N. , Sherer David G.
Published: December 2017

One critical factor in policy implementation is how teachers interpret policy. Previous research largely overlooks how the broader culture shapes teachers’ interpretations. In the current research, we explore how teachers’ interpretations of instructional reforms are associated with the logics of broad societal institutions. Our longitudinal mixed-methods study of 117 teachers at three urban public schools demonstrates that teachers’ interpretations are rooted in market accountability logics, professional bureaucracy logics, and communal sentiment logics. Teachers’ logics partially depend on their school and community contexts. The most substantive differences in teachers’ logics result from individual attributes, namely, race/ethnicity. One implication is that effective policy implementation depends on formulation and framing that address the multiple and potentially competing logics that motivate teachers’ responses to reform.
Are Expectations Alone Enough? Estimating the Effect of a Mandatory College-Prep Curriculum in Michigan
Authors: Jacob Brian , Dynarski Susan , Frank Kenneth , Schneider Barbara
Published: December 2017

This article examines the impacts of the Michigan Merit Curriculum (MMC), a statewide college-preparatory curriculum that applies to the high school graduating class of 2011 and later. Our analyses suggest that the higher expectations embodied in the MMC had slight impact on student outcomes. Looking at student performance in the ACT, the only clear evidence of a change in academic performance comes in science. Our best estimates indicate that ACT science scores improved by 0.2 points (or roughly 0.04 SD) as a result of the MMC. Our estimates for high school completion are sensitive to the choice of specification, though some evidence suggests that the MMC reduced graduation for the least prepared students.
Understanding and preventing domestic violence in the lives of gender and sexually diverse persons
Authors: Lorenzetti Liza , Wells Lana , Logie Carmen H. , Callaghan Tonya
Published: December 2017

A climate of structural violence, built on heteronormativity, heterosexism and sexual stigma shapes the lives of gender and sexually diverse (GSD) persons. This reality creates the social conditions within which interpersonal and intimate partner relationships are established, and within which domestic violence can occur. This article argues that a climate of structural violence against GSD persons creates specific risk factors for domestic violence victimization and unique barriers to receiving safe, appropriate and accessible services and supports act as obstacles to healthy intimate relationships. We purport that GSD persons experience additional risk factors such as heteronormativity, heterosexism, sexual stigma; traditional gender and sexuality norms; early stigma and homophobic harassment; social exclusion and isolation; and lack of appropriate domestic violence prevention services and supports which enhance the risk for domestic violence within GSD intimate relationships and limits the potential of prevention efforts. They emphasize that domestic violence will not be eradicated using a solely heteronormative interventionist approach and that the inclusion of a primary prevention approach that takes account of these additional risk factors is necessary to stop the violence before it starts.
Discussing sexual health with aging patients in primary care: Exploratory findings at a Canadian urban academic hospital
Authors: Pascoal Erica Leanne , Slater Morgan , Guiang Charlie
Published: December 2017

Sexuality is an important component of overall health and quality of life, yet evidence suggests many aging adults are not discussing sexual health with their physician. The objective of this study was to understand practices of primary care physicians in discussing sexual health with aging patients. An electronic survey was distributed to primary care physicians and family medicine residents at an urban academic hospital in Ontario, Canada. The survey captured the self-reported prevalence of discussions of sexual health with patients aged 50 and above as well as patient, physician and contextual factors influencing the likelihood of discussion. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results. Among the 37 physicians who responded to the survey (response rate of 24%), physicians were more likely to discuss sexual health with patients aged 50–75 years than with patient s>75 years with both males (p<0.0001) and females (p<0.0001). Most frequently discussed issues with males were erectile dysfunction and sexually transmitted infection, while atrophic vaginitis, bleeding, and pain during intercourse were most often discussed with females. Factors limiting discussion include lack of time, multiple patient comorbidities and a perceived disinterest in sexual activity. 54% of respondents report having adequate knowledge to discuss and manage later life sexual health issues. Proactively discussing sexuality with aging adults may reveal underlying illness and facilitate future help-seeking behaviours. We suggest that primary care physicians have a responsibility to routinely initiate such discussions in clinical practice.
Vulvodynia attitudes in a sample of Canadian post-graduate medical trainees
Authors: Boyer Stéphanie , Chamberlain Susan , Pukall Caroline
Published: December 2017

Physicians play a critical role in addressing sexual health in medical practice, including pain during intercourse. Vulvodynia is a prevalent cause of pain, however, related training is limited and variable. In addition, physician attitudes toward pain and sexuality may affect behaviour and therefore patient outcomes. This study's objectives were to: 1) determine whether post-graduate trainees hold more positive attitudes toward women presenting with vulvovaginal pain with (versus without) an identifiable cause; and 2) examine attitudinal predictors of comfort treating vulvodynia and attitudes toward patients with this presentation. Residents in Canadian Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) and Family Medicine (FM) programs participated in an online survey (N=99). Respondents completed questionnaires related to demographics, sexuality-related training, sexual attitudes, and comfort treating and attitudes toward vulvovaginal pain and its symptoms. Residents reported significantly more positive attitudes toward patients with visible pathology versus no identifiable cause for vulvovaginal pain, regardless of medical specialty, p<.001. In OBGYN residents, general comfort discussing sexuality in medical practice significantly predicted comfort treating vulvodynia and its symptoms (p<.001), and attitudes toward women with vulvodynia (p<.05). Demographic, training, and attitudinal variables did not significantly predict vulvodynia outcome measures in FM residents. This study of medical residents identified different attitudes based on vulvovaginal pain presentation, and identified predictors of attitudes and comfort treating vulvodynia in OBGYN residents. Findings suggest pathways by which health care experiences may influence outcomes in this population, and have important implications for resident training.
The Famine Plot Revisited: A Reassessment of the Great Irish Famine as Genocide
Authors: McGowan Mark G.
Published: December 2017

There has been considerable debate among historians and public commentators about whether or not the Great Irish Famine (1845–1851) could be considered as genocide. Recently, controversial journalist Tim Pat Coogan has argued that England's treatment of Ireland in this period can be considered genocide. Historical evidence suggests otherwise. There was considerable blame for the perpetration of Ireland misery beyond the ill conceived and poorly executed policies of successive British governments. At the root of the famine tragedy was an outmoded and poorly functioning landholding system and over-dependence of an impoverished rural underclass on the potato staple. Anglo-Irish landlords, merchants, businessmen of all denominations, large landholding farmers, nationalist politicians, clergy, ineffective implementation of poor relief by local gentry, and unscrupulous port officials and ship's captains must also bear some responsibility in contributing to this calamity in modern Irish history.
Redesigning Main Lines for Commuter Rail Electrification
Authors: Allen John G.
Published: December 2017

After decades of relative inactivity, interest in commuter rail electrification is growing. Long limited to already electrified systems in New York City; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Chicago, Illinois; and Montreal, Quebec, Canada, commuter rail electrification is increasingly being recognized as a way to increase speed and train throughput on busier properties. Several commuter railroads are planning or implementing new electrification, which presents challenges as well as opportunities. Installing overhead wires and support structures will make track alignments essentially final for the foreseeable future. Therefore, railroads should make any proposed changes to track layout and elevation before electrification. Other right-of-way considerations are also noted. As interest in commuter rail electrification grows, best practices from early 20th-century projects will be relevant for future installations. Between the 1900s and the 1930s, railroads electrifying their suburban and intercity passenger operations found ways to accommodate different types of trains, meet the needs of peak-period service, and keep different types of trains out of each other’s way, to the maximum extent possible. Alternatives for track arrangements are examined in the context of operating and right-of-way needs of the railroads implementing each configuration.
Diesel Multiple Units in 21st Century North America: Comparative Survey and Evaluation of Services, Demand, and Cost
Authors: Nelson David O. , Blakey Tara N. , O’Neil Katherine K.
Published: December 2017

U.S. officials working with finite resources to build and operate new fixed-guideway transit services grow more creative every year, finding ways to offer new and expanded services with fixed or declining resources. One creative approach to the development of new urban passenger rail services has been to operate on tracks shared with light-density freight services. Most services have used conventional commuter rail passenger rolling stock for these services, but, in some circumstances, this relatively heavy equipment has been inappropriate, and officials have been forced to consider sharing freight tracks with lighter, shorter trains. Some of these trains have been conventional electric light rail cars, but since the turn of the 21st century, five new U.S. services using self-powered diesel rail cars (historically called diesel multiple units, or DMUs) have opened to offer new travel options in Texas, California, New Jersey, and Oregon. FTA has termed these new shared-track DMU services “hybrid rail.” This paper reviews the circumstances and conditions that gave rise to the development of these hybrid DMU systems. The paper then reports the results of a study that used federally reported data to conduct a survey and evaluation of these services as compared with electric light rail and conventional commuter rail services. The analysis found that the new DMU systems tended to function in a new service stratum between commuter and light rail that served the needs of markets that neither of those traditional modes was well suited to address.
Impact of Train and Station Types on Perceived Quality of Rail Service
Authors: Monsuur Fredrik , Enoch Marcus , Quddus Mohammed , Meek Stuart
Published: December 2017

This paper highlights the impact of train and station types in the evaluation of service quality. A range of relevant trip and sociodemographic factors was taken into account. A partial constrained proportional odds model (an extension of the ordered logit model) was applied to data extracted from the 32nd wave of the National Rail Passenger Survey conducted in spring 2015. This survey constituted about 30,000 trip-level observations of passenger satisfaction with rail services across Great Britain. The results indicated that the impact of train type on service quality was significant. With regard to the type of train services, the modeling results indicated that high-speed rail, long-distance rail, interurban rail, and, especially, open-access operators were more likely to have satisfied customers as compared with commuter and rural railway services. With regard to stations, users of the smallest station category were more likely to be satisfied than users of larger stations, but other station types did not significantly affect satisfaction. Delays had a significant negative impact on satisfaction levels. With regard to passenger segments, respondents in the oldest age category were more likely to be satisfied than respondents in the youngest age category, and commuters were less likely to be satisfied than respondents on a business or leisure trip. Overall, these results show how train operating companies might best focus their efforts on improving passenger satisfaction according to train type, station type, trip stage, and user segment.
Combined Effect of Platform Edge Doors and Level Access on Boarding and Alighting Process in London Underground
Authors: Seriani Sebastián , de Ana Rodríguez Gonzalo , Holloway Catherine
Published: December 2017

Platform edge doors (PEDs) are used in metro stations to improve passenger safety and comfort, while step-free access with a minimum gap between the train and the platform is desirable on the grounds of accessibility. There is little research on the effect of PEDs on boarding and alighting time (BAT) and passenger behavior patterns. Many authors, however, have examined the impact of vertical and horizontal gaps in passengers’ boarding and alighting. On the London Underground, there is always step-free access between the train and the platform when there are PEDs; but even at some platforms without PEDs, level access may be provided by platform humps. This study examined the combined effect of PEDs and level access on the boarding and alighting process. Two London Underground platforms, both with level access, one with PEDs and one without PEDs, were compared by analyzing bespoke video footage. The results showed that PEDs on their own had no overall negative impact on BAT and that, in most situations, they encouraged passengers to wait beside the doors. It was also found that demand (number of boarders, alighters, and passengers on the train) was a more important influence on BAT and passenger behaviors than was the presence of PEDs.
The Hangover: Assessing Impact of Major Service Interruptions on Urban Rail Transit Ridership
Authors: Paul Julene , Smart Michael J.
Published: December 2017

Driven by several factors, transit ridership has increased dramatically in some major U.S. urban areas over the past several years. Developing accurate econometric models of system ridership growth will help transit agencies plan for future capacity. As major weather events and maintenance issues can affect transit systems and have large impacts on the trajectory of ridership growth, this study examined the effect of major and minor service interruptions on the PATH heavy rail transit system in northern New Jersey and New York City. The study, which used PATH ridership data as well as data on weather, economic conditions, and fares for both PATH and competing services, concluded that Hurricane Sandy likely dampened ridership gains. Other major service interruptions, which lasted only hours or days, had little effect on long-term ridership growth. Suggestions for further study of service interruptions, especially in the face of climate change and resiliency issues in coastal regions, are presented.
Schedule Coordination Method for Last Train Transfer Problem
Authors: Dou Xueping , Guo Xiucheng
Published: December 2017

This paper proposes a schedule coordination method for last train service in an urban rail transit system. The method offsets and perturbs the original train schedule to reduce transfer failures across different lines, and it considers the effect of schedule adjustments. The proposed problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model. The MINLP model is equivalently transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that can be exactly solved by commercial optimization solvers. A case study based on the mass rapid transit system in Singapore was conducted. The results of the case study indicate that the train schedule that is coordinated by the developed model is capable of substantially improving operational connectivity. Therefore, the model proposed in this study can be employed as a viable tool to assist with the coordination of train schedules for public transport operators.
Coordination of Feeder Bus Schedule with Train Service at Integrated Transport Hubs
Authors: Dou Xueping , Gong Xiaolin , Guo Xiucheng , Tao Tao
Published: December 2017

This paper proposes a schedule coordination method for transfer problems between an urban rail transit service and its feeder bus service. For given train schedules, a novel mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is formulated to obtain a coordinated bus schedule with the objective of minimizing the weighted sum of passenger transfer costs and bus operating costs. The queuing process for transfer passengers at the transport hubs, which is attributed to both high transfer volumes and limited bus capacity, is discussed and considered in the coordination problem. The vital decision variable is the terminal departure time of each target feeder bus trip within a certain time period. A hybrid solution method that integrates heuristic and enumerative algorithms was developed to solve the MINLP model, and numerical experiments were conducted for different scenarios. The results indicate that the feeder bus schedule coordinated by the developed model is capable of substantially reducing the transfer waiting time for train passengers with a slight increase in bus operating costs.
Is It Too Crowded in Here?: In Search of Safety Standards for Pedestrian Congestion in Rail Stations
Authors: Antos Justin D. , Jia Wendy , Parker Jonathan H.
Published: December 2017

Many transit agencies have developed measurements of pedestrian crowding in rail stations but lack clear standards for when crowding becomes a safety risk that justifies an operating or capital intervention. How frequent, consistent, or severe must congestion be before a capital improvement is warranted to mitigate a safety risk? How should agencies weigh severe but infrequent congestion against moderate but daily congestion? Adoption of such standards is a critical step for a transit agency in identifying and prioritizing safety risks and capital needs. The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA, or Metro) uses a variety of methods to measure pedestrian crowding at Metrorail stations on platforms, escalators, and stairs and through fare gates. WMATA has incorporated big data into its measuring of crowding in rail stations and has recognized that using demand on a typical weekday can mask important variations and issues in normal operations. The agency has relied on the Transit Capacity Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM) to establish the capacity of station circulation elements, but the manual’s existing measures do not address questions of the frequency and severity of overcrowding or of what levels of crowding warrant action or capital projects. Although peer agencies commonly use station capacity values consistent with the TCQSM, other agencies have developed specific guidelines for acceptable peak crowding duration and special event conditions. This paper summarizes WMATA’s analytic approaches, including the use of pedestrian microsimulations to derive volume-to-capacity ratios and level of service. The paper concludes by calling for clear standards that consider frequency, severity, and acceptable safety thresholds.
Characterization of Trip-Level Pace Variability Based on Taxi GPS Trajectory Data
Authors: Ma He , Lu Huapu , Stathopoulos Amanda , Nie Yu (Marco)
Published: December 2017

Travel behavior researchers have observed that the average and standard deviations of trip pace (the inverse of speed) are linearly related. This paper further studies this relationship by using taxi GPS trajectory data collected in the city of Shenzhen, China, in eight periods between early 2013 and late 2015. When tested against the original linear relationship, the data demonstrated heteroscedasticity. To address that issue, a distance- or time-corrected variable was introduced into the original linear model. The resulting two models, along with the original linear model, were tested and compared. The results showed that ( a) the new linear model with the time-corrected pace variable (TCPV) demonstrated the best fit to data compared with the other models, ( b) the parameters of the TCPV model showed strong consistency for trips originating from similar areas with similar land use patterns, and ( c) the parameters of the TCPV model were relatively stable across different time periods.
Multiclass, Multicriteria Dynamic Traffic Assignment with Path-Dependent Link Cost and Entropy-Based Risk Preference
Authors: Yu Jiangbo Gabriel , Jayakrishnan R.
Published: December 2017

Challenges arise in dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) when heterogeneous users evaluate choices on the basis of multiple interrelated criteria such as travel time and travel time uncertainty. This paper proposes a density-based formulation along with a stochastic quasigradient projection (SQGP) solution scheme with the aid of a traffic simulator. Path-dependent link cost is proposed to allow for the objective function formulation and more tractable analysis. The criteria in the discussion and the case study are travel time (link-additive), monetary cost (non additive), and travel time uncertainty (path-dependent link-additive). An information entropy-based uncertainty measure is proposed because of concerns about using conventional measures such as variability and reliability. The case study shows stochastic and efficient convergence, demonstrates the ability of SQGP to bypass local optima, and exemplifies the significant effect of using path-independent and path-dependent link costs to forecast traffic pattern and toll revenue. The results also suggest that a pricing strategy aimed at optimizing travel time and reliability for different user classes should consider travel time correlations between toll segments and the adjacent no-toll segments if enumerating paths is practically infeasible.