bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodendiskussion Systemische Aufstellungen
Authors: Rieck Louise Ina Hannah
Published: February 2023

In diesem Kapitel wird die Wirkungsweise von Aufstellungsarbeit dargestellt. Eine theoretische Beschreibung kann das eigene Erleben einer Aufstellung zwar nicht ersetzen, doch sie ist notwendig, um Aufstellungen als Forschungsinstrument methodologisch einzuordnen und zu begründen.
Aufstellung 1: Das Konsumsystem
Authors: Rieck Louise Ina Hannah
Published: February 2023

Mein Erkenntnisinteresse bei dieser Aufstellung gilt dem systemischen Beziehungsgefüge im Konsumsystem: Wer verfolgt welche Interessen, welche Akteure interagieren, welche Kräfteverteilung zeigt sich? Ein weiterer initialer Analysefokus lag zudem auf Veränderungen im Konsumsystem, die sich bei der – erwarteten – „Entwicklung hin zu Nachhaltigkeit“ vollziehen würden.
Aufstellung 3: Kommunikationsstrategien
Authors: Rieck Louise Ina Hannah
Published: February 2023

Bei der Aufstellung nehme ich einige der Kommunikationsstrategien in den Blick, die im Mittelpunkt des aktuellen fachpolitischen Diskurses stehen und auch von Unternehmen im „Nachhaltigkeitsmarketing“ eingesetzt werden: Nudging, Suffizienzbotschaften sowie Regional-Label für „Produkte aus der Heimat“. Mein Analysefokus liegt auf den Reaktionen von Kund:innen auf diese unterschiedlichen Ansätze.
Einleitung
Authors: Villioth Lisa
Published: February 2023

Eine ganze Bandbreite von Online- und Offline-Protestpraktiken erlaubt es Bürger*innen, sich in politische Prozesse einzumischen, Öffentlichkeit für bestimmte Themen zu erzeugen und Politiker*innen und Unternehmen unter Druck zu setzen. Dabei reicht die Auswahl der Praktiken von niedrigschwelligen Angeboten wie dem Unterschreiben einer Online-Petition bis zu zeitintensiven Praktiken wie der aktiven Mitarbeit in einer lokalen Ortsgruppe eines Umweltverbandes. Warum entschließen sich Bürger*innen, ganz spezifischen Protestpraktiken – online wie offline – nachzugehen und anderen Praktiken nicht? Welche Vor- und Nachteile benennen die Subjekte für die einzelnen ihnen zur Verfügung stehenden Kanälen und Kommunikationsformaten? Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, mit Fokus auf einzelne Subjekte, fallspezifisch und empirisch den Handlungs- und Wirkungszusammenhang von Straßenprotest und Online-Aktivismus im Bereich der Umweltschutz-Bewegung zu untersuchen.
Forschungsgegenstand und historische Einordnung
Authors: Villioth Lisa
Published: February 2023

Im nun folgenden vierten Kapitel wird die Geschichte der Umweltschutz-Bewegung in Deutschland mit ihren verschiedenen Entwicklungsphasen skizziert, es werden Ziele und Strategien der Bewegung vorgestellt und Akteure sowie relevante Organisationen benannt. Außerdem wird die gegenwärtige Situation der Umweltschutz-Bewegung mit zuletzt besonders relevanten Protestaktionen und zum Teil neuen Kollektivakteuren beschrieben. Anschließend folgt eine Vorstellung der in der Analyse des Interviewmaterials relevanten Organisationen MoveOn, Campact, Change.org und BUND mit ihren jeweils spezifischen Konzepten, Positionen und Strategien.
Augmented Reality in Schülerversuchen – Entwicklung und Evaluierung der Applikation PUMA: Magnetlabor
Authors: Schwanke Hagen , Trefzger Thomas
Published: February 2023

Experimente stehen im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht nach wie vor im Zentrum des Unterrichtsgeschehens. Durch die Weiterentwicklungen im informationstechnischen Bereich ergänzen inzwischen kostengünstige digitale Technologien und Werkzeuge das Experiment im Unterricht. Die Sekundarstufe I bietet in der 10. Jahrgangsstufe in Bayern zum Thema der Elektrizitätslehre viele Möglichkeiten zur Anwendung einer Augmented-Reality-Lernumgebung. Zum Beispiel können die Applikationen die Modelle der magnetischen Felder sichtbar machen. Sie können jedoch auch zur Darstellung des „Unsichtbaren“, wie z. B. Atome, Elektronen oder Raumladungen, genutzt werden. In diesem Artikel wird das Vorgehen zur Erstellung einer Augmented-Reality-Applikation beschrieben. Ein wichtiger Punkt stellt das Konstrukt der Usability dar, deren Unterkategorie der Nutzerzufriedenheit mittels einer explorativen Mixed-Methods-Studie quantitativ und qualitativ evaluiert wurde. Anhand der Ergebnisse der Interviews wird dargestellt, welche Konsequenzen für die Applikation gezogen wurden.
Symmetries of Calabi-Yau prepotentials with isomorphic flops
Authors: Lukas Andre , Ruehle Fabian
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Calabi-Yau threefolds with infinitely many flops to isomorphic manifolds have an extended Kähler cone made up from an infinite number of individual Kähler cones. These cones are related by reflection symmetries across flop walls. We study the implications of this cone structure for mirror symmetry, by considering the instanton part of the prepotential in Calabi-Yau threefolds. We show that such isomorphic flops across facets of the Kähler cone boundary give rise to symmetry groups isomorphic to Coxeter groups. In the dual Mori cone, non-flopping curve classes that are identified under these groups have the same Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. This leads to instanton prepotentials invariant under Coxeter groups, which we make manifest by introducing appropriate invariant functions. For some cases, these functions can be expressed in terms of theta functions whose appearance can be linked to an elliptic fibration structure of the Calabi-Yau manifold.
Line defects in three dimensional mirror symmetry beyond ADE quivers
Authors: Dey Anindya
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Understanding the map of line defects in a Quantum Field Theory under a given duality is generically a difficult problem. This paper is the second in a series which aims to address this question in the context of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 mirror symmetry. A general prescription for constructing vortex defects and their mirror maps in quiver gauge theories beyond the A-type was presented by the author in an earlier paper [1], where specific examples involving D-type and affine D-type quivers were discussed. In this paper, we apply the aforementioned prescription to construct a family of vortex defects as coupled 3d-1d systems in quiver gauge theories beyond the ADE-type, and study their mirror maps. Specifically, we focus on a class of quiver gauge theories involving unitary gauge nodes with edge multiplicity greater than 1, i.e. two gauge nodes in these theories may be connected by multiple bifundamental hypermultiplets. Quiver gauge theories of this type arise as 3d mirrors of certain Argyres-Douglas theories compactified on a circle. Some of these quiver gauge theories are known to have a pair of 3d mirrors, which are themselves related by an IR duality, discussed recently in [2]. For a concrete example where a pair of 3d mirrors do exist, we study how the vortex defects constructed using our prescription map to Wilson defects in each mirror theory.
Handlungsempfehlungen zur individuellen Risikoermittlung von Komorbidität bei erwachsenen Patienten mit Psoriasis
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Körber Andreas , Adler Georg , Blüher Matthias , Zirlik Andreas , Gerdes Sascha
Published: February 2023

Es ist seit Langem bekannt, dass chronisch entzündliche Systemerkrankungen wie die Psoriasis ein hohes Risiko für die Entwicklung von Komorbidität bieten. Im klinischen Alltag ist es deshalb von besonderer Bedeutung, Patient:innen zu identifizieren, die ein individuell erhöhtes Risikoprofil bieten. Bei Menschen mit Psoriasis konnten in epidemiologischen Studien in Abhängigkeit von Krankheitsdauer und -schwere die Komorbiditätsmuster „metabolisches Syndrom“, „kardiovaskuläre Komorbidität“ und „psychische Erkrankungen“ als besonders relevant identifiziert werden. In der alltäglichen Versorgung von Menschen mit Psoriasis in der dermatologischen Praxis haben sich der Einsatz einer interdisziplinär inhaltlich abgestimmten Checkliste für die Risikoanalyse und die Bahnung einer professionellen Anschlussversorgung bewährt. Auf der Basis einer existierenden Checkliste wurden die Inhalte von einer interdisziplinären Expertengruppe kritisch bewertet, und eine leitlinienorientierte Aktualisierung wurde vorgenommen. Der nun vorgelegte Analysebogen stellt nach Auffassung der Autoren ein praktikables, sachbezogen fokussiertes und inhaltlich aktualisiertes Werkzeug für die Risikoermittlung von Komorbidität bei Patient:innen mit mittelschwerer bis schwerer Psoriasis dar.
Ionizable lipids in bio-inspired nanocarriers
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir P.
Published: February 2023

In applications of bio-inspired nanoparticles (NPs), their composition is often optimised by including ionizable lipids. I use a generic statistical model to describe the charge and potential distributions in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing such lipids. The LNP structure is considered to contain the biophase regions separated by narrow interphase boundaries with water. Ionizable lipids are uniformly distributed at the biophase–water boundaries. The potential is there described at the mean-filed level combining the Langmuir–Stern equation for ionizable lipids and the Poisson–Boltzmann equation for other charges in water. The latter equation is used outside a LNP as well. With physiologically reasonable parameters, the model predicts the scale of the potential in a LNP to be rather low, smaller or about$$k_\textrm{B}T/e$$kBT/e, and to change primarily near the LNP-solution interface or, more precisely, inside an NP near this interface because the charge of ionizable lipids becomes rapidly neutralized along the coordinate towards the center of a LNP. The extent of dissociation-mediated neutralization of ionizable lipids along this coordinate increases but only slightly. Thus, the neutralization is primarily due to the negative and positive ions related to the ionic strength in solution and located inside a LNP.
No association between methotrexate and impaired bone mineral density in a cohort of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis and other vasculitides—a cross-sectional analysis with dose–response analyses
Authors: Palmowski Andriko , Akahoshi Mitsuteru , Muche Burkhard , Boyadzhieva Zhivana , Hermann Sandra , Terao Chikashi , Wiebe Edgar , Buttgereit Frank
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate whether methotrexate (MTX) use is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and various forms of vasculitis.

Methods

Rh-GIOP is a cohort study designed to evaluate bone health in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. This cross-sectional analysis assessed the baseline visits of all patients with PMR or any kind of vasculitis. Following univariable analysis, multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. The lowest T-score of either the lumbar spine or the femur was chosen as the dependent variable to examine the relationship between MTX use and BMD. These analyses were adjusted for a variety of potential confounders, including age, sex, and glucocorticoid (GC) intake.

Results

Of 198 patients with PMR or vasculitis, 10 patients were excluded for very high GC dose (n = 6) or short disease duration (n = 4). The remaining 188 patients had the following diseases: PMR 37.2%, giant cell arteritis 25.0%, granulomatosis with polyangiitis 16.5%, followed by rarer diseases. The mean age was 68.0 ± 11.1 years, mean disease duration was 5.58 ± 6.39 years, and 19.7% had osteoporosis by dual x-ray absorptiometry (T-score ≤ −2.5). 23.4% were taking MTX at baseline with a mean dose of 13.2 mg/week (median: 15 mg/week). 38.6% of those used a subcutaneous preparation. MTX users had similar BMD compared to non-users (minimum T-scores −1.70 (± 0.86) versus −1.75 (± 0.91), respectively; p = 0.75). There was no statistically significant dose–response relationship: neither current nor cumulative dose were associated with BMD in unadjusted or adjusted models (current dose: slope −0.02; −0.14 to 0.09; p = 0.69; cumulative dose: slope −0.12; −0.28 to 0.05; p = 0.15).

Conclusion

In the Rh-GIOP cohort, MTX is used in about a quarter of patients with PMR or vasculitis. It is not associated with BMD levels.
Prevalence of IRF4 rearrangement in large B-cell lymphomas of the Waldeyer’s ring in adults
Authors: Streich Sebastian , Frauenfeld Leonie , Otto Franziska , Mankel Barbara , Bonzheim Irina , Fend Falko , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia
Published: February 2023

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) in adults. These lymphomas are classified according to gene expression profiling (GEP) into germinal center B-cell (GCB) and activated B-cell type (ABC). Recent studies have suggested new subtypes of large B-cell lymphoma, based on genetic and molecular alterations, among them is large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4-rearrangement (LBCL-IRF4). We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), GEP (using the DLBCL COO assay by HTG Molecular Inc), and next generation sequencing (NGS) to comprehensively characterize 30 cases of LBCLs located in Waldeyer’s ring in adult patients and to identify LBCL-IRF4. FISH revealed breaks of IRF4 in 2/30 cases (6.7%), BCL2 breaks in 6/30 cases (20.0%), and IGH breaks in 13/29 cases (44.8%). GEP classified 14 cases each as GCB or ABC subtype, and 2 cases remained unclassified; this was concordant with the immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 25/30 cases (83.3%). A subgrouping, based on GEP, was performed: group 1 included 14 GCB cases with the most frequent mutations in BCL2 and EZH2 in 6/14 cases (42.8%). The two cases with IRF4 rearrangement were assigned to this group by GEP and showed IRF4 mutations, supporting the diagnosis of LBCL-IRF4. Group 2 included 14 ABC cases; the most frequent mutations were CD79B and MYD88 identified in 5/14 patients (35.7%). Group 3 included 2 unclassifiable cases in which no molecular patterns were detected. Overall, LBCLs of Waldeyer’s ring in adult patients are a heterogeneous group, including LBCL-IRF4, which shares several features with cases in the pediatric population.
A verified analytical sandwich beam model for soft and hard cores: comparison to existing analytical models and finite element calculations
Authors: Schoeftner Juergen
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a novel approach of modeling of three-layer beam. Such composites are usually known as sandwich structures if the modulus of elasticity of the core is much smaller than those of the faces. In the present approach, the faces are modeled as Bernoulli–Euler beams, the core as a Timoshenko beam. Taking into account the kinematic and dynamic interface conditions, which means that the perfect bonding assumptions hold for the displacement and each layer is subjected to continuous traction stresses across the interface, a sixth-order differential equation is derived for the bending deflection, and a second-order system for the axial displacement. No restrictions are imposed on the elastic properties of the middle layer, and hence the developed theory also yields accurate results for hard cores. The presented refined theory is compared to analytical models from the literature and to finite element calculations for various benchmark examples. Special focus is laid the boundary conditions and the core stiffness. A parametric study varying the Young modulus of the core shows that the present sandwich model agrees very well with the target solutions obtained from finite element calculations under plane stress assumptions, in particular concerning the transverse deflection, the shear stress distribution and the interfacial normal stress.
Development of a rapid diagnostic test based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification to identify the most frequent non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars from culture
Authors: Edel Birgit , Glöckner Stefan , Stoll Sylvia , Lindig Nora , Boden Katharina , Wassill Lars , Simon Sandra , Löffler Bettina , Rödel Jürgen
Published: February 2023

Identification of Salmonella serovars is performed by conventional seroagglutination or sequencing. These methods are labor-intensive and require technical experience. An easy-to-perform assay allowing the timely identification of the most common non-typhoidal serovars (NTS) is needed. In this study, a molecular assay based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeting specific gene sequences of Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis, S. Derby, and S. Choleraesuis has been developed for rapid serovar identification from cultured colonies. A total of 318 Salmonella strains and 25 isolates of other Enterobacterales species that served as negative controls were analyzed. All S. Enteritidis (n = 40), S. Infantis (n = 27), and S. Choleraesuis (n = 11) strains were correctly identified. Seven out of 104 S. Typhimurium and 10 out of 38 S. Derby strains missed a positive signal. Cross-reactions of the gene targets were only rarely observed and restricted to the S. Typhimurium primer set (5 false-positives). Sensitivity and specificity of the assay compared to seroagglutination were as follows: 100% and 100% for S. Enteritidis, 93.3% and 97.7% for S. Typhimurium, 100% and 100% for S. Infantis, 73.7% and 100% for S. Derby, and 100% and 100% for S. Choleraesuis, respectively. With results available in just a few minutes of hands-on time and a test run time of 20 min, the LAMP assay developed here may be a useful tool for the rapid identification of common Salmonella NTS in daily routine diagnostics.
Genetic and enzymatic characterization of two novel blaNDM-36, -37 variants in Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Ma Wanshan , Zhu Bo , Wang Wen , Wang Qian , Cui Xiaodi , Wang Yujiao , Dong Xiutao , Li Xiaofeng , Ma Jianping , Cheng Fang , Shi Xiaohong , Chen Liang , Niu Siqiang , Hao Mingju
Published: February 2023

The widespread of different NDM variants in clinical Enterobacterales isolates poses a serious public health concern, which requires continuous monitoring. In this study, three E. coli strains carrying two novel blaNDM variants of blaNDM-36, -37 were identified from a patient with refractory urinary tract infection (UTI) in China. We conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), enzyme kinetics analysis, conjugation experiment, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and bioinformatics analysis to characterize the blaNDM-36, -37 enzymes and their carrying strains. The blaNDM-36, -37 harboring E. coli isolates belonged to ST227, O9:H10 serotype and exhibited intermediate or resistance to all β-lactams tested except aztreonam and aztreonam/avibactam. The genes of blaNDM-36, -37 were located on a conjugative IncHI2-type plasmid. NDM-37 differed from NDM-5 by a single amino acid substitution (His261Tyr). NDM-36 differed from NDM-37 by an additional missense mutation (Ala233Val). NDM-36 had increased hydrolytic activity toward ampicillin and cefotaxime relative to NDM-37 and NDM-5, while NDM-37 and NDM-36 had lower catalytic activity toward imipenem but higher activity against meropenem in comparison to NDM-5. This is the first report of co-occurrence of two novel blaNDM variants in E. coli isolated from the same patient. The work provides insights into the enzymatic function and demonstrates the ongoing evolution of NDM enzymes.
Exploring the Relationship Between Surface Features and Explaining Quality of YouTube Explanatory Videos
Authors: Bitzenbauer Philipp , Höfler Sebastian , Veith Joaquin M. , Winkler Bianca , Zenger Tim , Kulgemeyer Christoph
Published: February 2023

Physics education research on explanatory videos has experienced a boost in recent years. Due to the vast number of explanatory videos available online, e.g. on YouTube, finding videos of high explaining quality is a challenging task for learners, teachers, and lecturers alike. Prior research on the explaining quality of explanatory videos on classical mechanics topics has uncovered that the surface features provided by YouTube (e.g. number of views or likes) do not seem to be suitable indicators of the videos’ explaining quality. Instead, the number of content-related comments was found to be statistically significantly correlated with the explaining quality. To date, these findings have only been observed in the context of explanatory videos on classical mechanics topics. The question arises whether similar correlations between the explaining quality and YouTube surface features can be found for videos on topics that are difficult to access visually and verbally, for example from quantum physics. Therefore, we conducted an exploratory study analyzing the explaining quality of N = 60 YouTube videos on quantum entanglement and tunnelling. To this end, we made use of a category-based measure of explanatory videos’ explaining quality from the literature. We report correlations between the videos’ explaining quality and the surface features provided by YouTube. On the one hand, our results substantiate earlier findings for mechanics topics. On other hand, partial correlations shed new light on the relationship between YouTube’s surface features and explaining quality of explanatory videos.
Quantum reinforcement learning
Authors: Neumann Niels M. P. , de Heer Paolo B. U. L. , Phillipson Frank
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we present implementations of an annealing-based and a gate-based quantum computing approach for finding the optimal policy to traverse a grid and compare them to a classical deep reinforcement learning approach. We extended these three approaches by allowing for stochastic actions instead of deterministic actions and by introducing a new learning technique called curriculum learning. With curriculum learning, we gradually increase the complexity of the environment and we find that it has a positive effect on the expected reward of a traversal. We see that the number of training steps needed for the two quantum approaches is lower than that needed for the classical approach.
The Habitability of Venus
Authors: Westall F. , Höning D. , Avice G. , Gentry D. , Gerya T. , Gillmann C. , Izenberg N. , Way M. J. , Wilson C.
Published: February 2023

Venus today is inhospitable at the surface, its average temperature of 750 K being incompatible to the existence of life as we know it. However, the potential for past surface habitability and upper atmosphere (cloud) habitability at the present day is hotly debated, as the ongoing discussion regarding a possible phosphine signature coming from the clouds shows. We review current understanding about the evolution of Venus with special attention to scenarios where the planet may have been capable of hosting microbial life. We compare the possibility of past habitability on Venus to the case of Earth by reviewing the various hypotheses put forth concerning the origin of habitable conditions and the emergence and evolution of plate tectonics on both planets. Life emerged on Earth during the Hadean when the planet was dominated by higher mantle temperatures (by about$200~^{\circ}\text{C}$200∘C), an uncertain tectonic regime that likely included squishy lid/plume-lid and plate tectonics, and proto continents. Despite the lack of well-preserved crust dating from the Hadean and Paleoarchean, we attempt to review current understanding of the environmental conditions during this critical period based on zircon crystals and geochemical signatures from this period, as well as studies of younger, relatively well-preserved rocks from the Paleoarchean. For these early, primitive life forms, the tectonic regime was not critical but it became an important means of nutrient recycling, with possible consequences on the global environment in the long-term, that was essential to the continuation of habitability and the evolution of life. For early Venus, the question of stable surface water is closely related to tectonics. We discuss potential transitions between stagnant lid and (episodic) tectonics with crustal recycling, as well as consequences for volatile cycling between Venus’ interior and atmosphere. In particular, we review insights into Venus’ early climate and examine critical questions about early rotation speed, reflective clouds, and silicate weathering, and summarize implications for Venus’ long-term habitability. Finally, the state of knowledge of the Venusian clouds and the proposed detection of phosphine is covered.
The effects of irrigation canals and roads as barriers to gene flow between Japanese brown frog (Rana japonica) breeding sites at a fine scale in a Satoyama landscape
Authors: Kobayashi Soh , Abe Seiya
Published: February 2023

Paddy fields in the agricultural landscape have become alternative habitats for natural wetland species. Habitat degradation, including habitat loss and fragmentation, is a major threat to members of Amphibia, which is a good indicator species for the Satoyama landscape. Recently, linear artificial structures, such as roads and railways, were recognized as factors inhibiting amphibian population persistence. Thus, irrigation canals and cement-walled streams may also affect amphibian movement and dispersal in the rural agricultural landscape termed Satoyama, which is now the main habitat for lowland wetland amphibians. However, there is limited information on such effects. Here, we focused on the Japanese brown frog (Rana japonica), which is an indicator species of the ecosystem health of the Satoyama landscape, to investigate the effects of irrigation canals on population structure. The barrier effects of roads and irrigation canals on gene flow between breeding sites were evaluated. We constructed a resistance map of the limiting factors to gene flow based on land use and frog movement and tested for correlations between cost and genetic distances. The habitat resistance values alone were insufficient to explain the genetic distances among breeding sites. Thus, we hypothesize that irrigation canals and roads have barrier effects on gene flow among amphibians in the Japanese Satoyama landscape.
Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnancies Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Iacovou Christos , Maric Tanya , Bourke Miriam , Patel Deesha , Savvidou Makrina
Published: February 2023

Introduction

To compare the gestational weight gain (GWG) between women with previous bariatric surgery and those without and investigate whether GWG correlates with birthweight (BW) or delivery of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonate.

Materials and Methods

Prospective, longitudinal study, include 100 pregnant women with previous bariatric surgery and 100 without weight loss surgery, but with similar early-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). In a sub-study, 50 of the post-bariatric women were also matched to 50 women without surgery, but early-pregnancy BMI similar to the pre-surgery BMI of the post-bariatric ones. All women had their weight/BMI measured at 11–14 and 35–37 weeks of gestation, and the difference in maternal weight/BMI between the two time points was expressed as GWG/BMI gain. Associations between maternal GWG/BMI gain and birthweight (BW) were examined.

Results

Compared to no bariatric women with similar early-pregnancy BMI, post-bariatric women had similar GWG (p = 0.46), and the number of women with appropriate, insufficient, and excessive weight gain was comparable between groups (p = 0.76). However, post-bariatric women delivered smaller babies (p < 0.001), and GWG was not a significant predictor of BW or of delivering a SGA neonate. Compared to no bariatric women with similar pre-surgery BMI, post-bariatric ones had higher GWG (p < 0.01) but still delivered smaller neonates (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Post-bariatric women seem to have similar or greater GWG compared to women without surgery matched for early-pregnancy or pre-surgery BMI, respectively. Maternal GWG was not associated with BW or higher prevalence of SGA neonates seen in women with previous bariatric surgery.

Graphical Abstract
Substrates of Opposite Polarities and Downstream Processing for Efficient Production of the Biosurfactant Mannosylerythritol Lipids from Moesziomyces spp.
Authors: Faria Nuno Torres , Nascimento Miguel Figueiredo , Ferreira Flávio Alves , Esteves Teresa , Santos Marisa Viegas , Ferreira Frederico Castelo
Published: February 2023

Biosurfactants can replace fossil-driven surfactants with positive environmental impacts, owing to their low eco-toxicity and high biodegradability. However, their large-scale production and application are restricted by high production costs. Such costs can be reduced using renewable raw materials and facilitated downstream processing. Here, a novel strategy for mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL) production explores the combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon sources sideways with a novel downstream processing strategy, based on nanofiltration technology. Co-substrate MEL production by Moesziomyces antarcticus was threefold higher than using D-glucose with low levels of residual lipids. The use of waste frying oil instead of soybean oil (SBO) in co-substrate strategy resulted in similar MEL production. Moesziomyces antarcticus cultivations, using 3.9 M of total carbon in substrates, yields 7.3, 18.1, and 20.1 g/L of MEL, and 2.1, 10.0, and 5.1 g/L of residual lipids, for D-glucose, SBO, and a combination of D-Glucose and SBO, respectively. Such approach makes it possible to reduce the amount of oil used, offset by the equivalent molar increase in D-glucose, improving sustainability and decreasing residual unconsumed oil substrates, facilitating downstream processing. Moesziomyces spp. also produces lipases that broken down the oil and, thus, residual unconsumed oils are in the form of free fatty-acids or monoacylglycerol, which are smaller molecules than MEL. Therefore, nanofiltration of ethyl acetate extracts from co-substrate-based culture broths allows to improve MEL purity (ratio of MEL per total MEL and residual lipids) from 66 to 93% using 3-diavolumes.
Reliability and Utility of Load-Cell Derived Force–Time Variables Collected During a Constrained and Unconstrained Isometric Knee Extension Task on a Plinth
Authors: Juneau Christopher M. , Oranchuk Dustin J. , Cahill Micheál , Forster James W. , Diewald Shelley , Cronin John B. , Neville Jono
Published: February 2023

Rate of force development (RFD) and impulse (IMP) are important mechanical measures of muscular performance but are relatively unused within the rehabilitation and performance community. Due principally to access to low-cost testing devices and understanding the utility of these measures. The aim of this study therefore was to quantify the reliability of various force–time variables using load-cell technology collected via isometric knee extension whilst constrained in an isokinetic device (CON90) or unconstrained on a physiotherapy plinth at 60 and 90 degree angles (UNCON60 and UNCON90). Thirty-two volunteers had their peak force (PF), RFD, peak RFD (PRFD), and IMP assessed across three protocols. For all variables, UNCON60 had the largest variability across all measures. PF and PRFD were found to have small variability (ICC > 0.67 and CV < 10%). With regards to RFD 2080 all three protocols were found to have moderate variability all ICCs above 0.75, however, all CVs were greater than 10% ranging from ~ 11%–22%. Finally, IMP 2080 was found to have moderate variability for both CON90 and UNCON90, the absolute consistency once more greater than 10% (~ 11%–25%). Using the constrained and unconstrained protocols, PF and PRFD can be measured reliably between trials with 90 degree knee position.
Preoperative medical assessment for adult spinal deformity surgery: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Arora Ayush , Cummins Daniel D. , Wague Aboubacar , Mendelis Joseph , Samtani Rahul , McNeill Ian , Theologis Alekos A. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Berven Sigurd
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to provide a state-of-the-art review regarding risk factors for perioperative complications in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. The review includes levels of evidence for risk factors associated with complications in ASD surgery.

Methods

Using the PubMed database, we searched for complications, risk factors, and adult spinal deformity. The included publications were assessed for level of evidence as described in clinical practice guidelines published by the North American Spine Society, with summary statements generated for each risk factor (Bono et al. in Spine J 9:1046–1051, 2009).

Results

Frailty had good evidence (Grade A) as a risk for complications in ASD patients. Fair evidence (Grade B) was assigned for bone quality, smoking, hyperglycemia and diabetes, nutritional status, immunosuppression/steroid use, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and renal disease. Indeterminate evidence (Grade I) was assigned for pre-operative cognitive function, mental health, social support, and opioid utilization.

Conclusions

Identification of risk factors for perioperative complications in ASD surgery is a priority for empowering informed choices for patients and surgeons and managing patient expectations. Risk factors with grade A and B evidence should be identified prior to elective surgery and modified to reduce the risk of perioperative complications.
The Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunits RRM1 and RRM2 mRNA Levels in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Chatzidavid Sevastianos , Kontandreopoulou Christina-Nefeli , Diamantopoulos Panagiotis T. , Giannakopoulou Nefeli , Katsiampoura Panagiota , Stafylidis Christos , Dryllis Georgios , Kyrtsonis Marie-Christine , Dimou Maria , Panayiotidis Panayiotis , Viniou Nora-Athina
Published: February 2023

Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides required for DNA replication and repair. RNR consists of subunits M1 and M2. It has been studied as a prognostic factor in several solid tumors and in chronic hematological malignancies, but not in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Peripheral blood samples were collected from 135 CLL patients. M1/M2 gene mRNA levels were measured and expressed as a RRM1-2/GAPDH ratio. M1 gene promoter methylation was studied in a patients’ subgroup. M1 mRNA expression was higher in patients without anemia (p = 0.026), without lymphadenopathy (p = 0.005) and 17p gene deletion (p = 0.031). Abnormal LDH (p = 0.022) and higher Rai stage (p = 0.019) were associated with lower M1 mRNA levels. Higher M2 mRNA levels were found in patients without lymphadenopathy (p = .048), Rai stage 0 (p = 0.025) and Trisomy 12 (p = 0.025). The correlation between RNR subunits and clinic-biological characteristics in CLL patients demonstrate RNR’s potential role as a prognostic factor.
A History of the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds, 1257-1301
Authors: Gransden Antonia
Published: February 2023

Completes what will become the definitive history of the abbey of Bury St Edmunds in the thirteenth century.
Corruption and Crime: A Perspective of the Fairer Sex
Authors: Rubasundram Geetha A.
Published: February 2023

Traditionally, women have been perceived as the fairer sex with a moral compass and with less inclination towards gaining wealth and taking risks. Past research has posited that women consider crime due to need. Recently one piece of research has considered greed due to the development and empowerment of women, the opportunities and power accorded to them in line with governance frameworks, policies and regulations that cover crimes, penalties and punishments, and cultural and social norms. Social perspectives influence the moral values passed down within social and family units. A pilot survey of female participants exposed to investigation and law and from two age groups of 18–39 years and 40–61 years reflected a significant change in culture and values. The older group was critical of corrupt behaviour and that the choices were the “right thing to do”. The younger participants were selective in their choices, choosing to deny or be silent if there was insufficient evidence and protection or where there was the involvement of someone dear. This reflects the power of knowledge, empowerment and education. The author discusses case studies of women exposed to crime, including organized crime, via their family or social networks to assess abuse of power and trust.
Autonomous helicopter hover positioning by
optical tracking
Authors: Bouwer G. , Oertel C-H. , von Grünhagen W.
Published: February 2023

The design of control systems for helicopters in hover
and at low speed is a basic requirement for the
extension of mission profiles and new mission
demands. A special task for various applications is
the position hold under wind and gust conditions
above a ground fixed or moving target, like a
shipboard reference, or a small vessel or lifeboat
in rescue missions. For the solution of this problem
a controller concept was developed and the
feasibility was proven and successfully demonstrated
in flight tests.

The in-flight helicopter simulator ATTHeS of the DLR
has been equipped by the Institute of Flight
Mechanics with an innovative measurement system for
the hover position above a target. A video camera in
combination with a highly parallel computer system
for processing the optical information was used as
an integra ted sensor system for the measurement of
the relative position of the aircraft to a target.
Based on the existing well-proven flight control
laws of ATTHeS for the forward flight condition,
which are implemented for handling qualities
investigations, these control laws were modified and
adapted to fulfil the special requirements of the
position hold task, including altitude hold and
heading hold capabilities. The integrated system of
optical position sensor and control computer enables
the helicopter to hover automatically above a
defined target in constant altitude and with
constant heading. Flight tests above a moving car
under wind and gust conditions underline the future
potential of the overall system to be used under
operational conditions.
The NASA B737-100 high-lift flight research
programme — measurements and
computations
Authors: Yip L. P. , van Dam C. P. , Whitehead J. H. , J. D. Hardin  , Miley S. J. , Potter R. C. , Bertelrud A. , Edge D. C. , Willard P.E.
Published: February 2023

The aerodynamic performance of a multi-element
high-lift system has a critical influence on the
direct operating cost of a subsonic civil transport
aircraft. A thorough understanding of the
aerodynamic characteristics of these multi-element
aerofoils and wings allows aircraft companies to
design and build more competitive aircraft with
high-lift systems that are less complex and lighter
for given high-lift performance or that have
improved lift and drag characteristics for given
system complexity and weight. Flight experiments on
NASA Langley's B737-100 aircraft have been conducted
to further enhance the understanding of the complex
flows about multi-element high-lift systems at
full-scale flight conditions. In this paper, an
overview of the flight program is provided, followed
by highlights of experimental results and
computational analysis. Measurements included
surface pressures on the slats, main element and
flap elements using flush pressure ports and
pressure belts, surface shear stresses using Preston
tubes, off-surface velocity distributions using
boundary layer/wake rakes, aeroelastic deformations
of the flap elements using an optical positioning
system, and boundary layer transition detection
using hot-film anemometers and an infrared imaging
system. Boundary layer transition measurements on
the slat using hot-film sensors are correlated with
the flow visualisation results from an infrared
imaging technique. Extensive application of several
computational techniques and comparisons with flight
measurements are shown for a limited number of
cases. This program has generated an extensive set
of data, much of which are still being analysed.
ONERA activities on high-lift devices for
transport aircraft
Authors: Thibert J. J. , Reneaux J. , Moens F. , Preist J.
Published: February 2023

High-lift systems have to provide adequate low speed
performance in terms of takeoff and landing lengths,
approach speed, climb rate and community noise. Even
if the performance of these systems has been
continuously improved during the years, there are
still some possibilities for further
improvements.

ONERA has been involved for a long time in research on
high-lift systems for transport aircraft. This
research has provided valuable results in the
following areas:

● The knowledge of the dominant flow processes
involved for 2D and 3D geometries. In particular
the stall mechanism, Reynolds and Mach number
effects as well as sweep effects have been studied
by performing detailed experiments.

● The development of 2D analysis and design
codes which have been extensively calibrated with
experimental data and are used with confidence for
practical applications.

● The design and testing of various high-lift
systems which provide manufacturers with data for
their own designs.

The paper summarises these activities and presents some
typical results. Future trends for research on
high-lift systems at ONERA are also given.
Equivalent dynamic beam–rod models of
aircraft wing structures
Authors: Lee U.
Published: February 2023

The equivalent continuum beam-rod model of an aircraft
wing structure with composite laminated skins has
been developed based on the concept of energy
equivalence. The equivalent structural properties of
the continuum beam-rod model are obtained by
directly comparing the reduced stiffness and mass
matrices for a typical segment of aircraft wing with
those for a finite element of continuum beam-rod
model. The finite element stiffness and mass
matrices are condensed through the well known finite
element formulation procedure to be used in
calculating the reduced stiffness and mass matrices
for the aircraft wing segment in terms of the
continuum degrees of freedom introduced in this
paper. The present method of continuum modelling may
yield every equivalent structural property including
all possible couplings between bending, torsional
and transverse shear deformations. To evaluate the
equivalent continuum beam-rod model developed
herein, the free vibration and aeroelastic analyses
for a box-beam type aircraft wing structure have
been conducted by using the continuum beam-rod
model, and the numerical results are compared with
the results by using other different models of the
aircraft wing structure.
Limit-cycle taming by nonlinear control
with applications to flutter
Authors: Mastroddi F. , Morino L.
Published: February 2023

This paper addresses the problem of limit-cycle taming,
which is defined in this paper as the use of
nonlinear control laws to ensure that the
limit-cycle behaviour of the system beyond the
stability boundary is of a benign rather than a
destructive nature. Specifically, we consider a
one-parameter (denoted by λ) autonomous dynamic
system having algebraic nonlinearities. We assume
that the system has a stable solution, x = 0, for λ
< λ0, and experiences a Hopf
bifurcation at λ = λ0. Using a singular
perturbation analysis about the stability boundary,
it is shown that, using a simple nonlinear control
law, limit-cycle taming is always possible in the
neighbourhood of a Hopf bifurcation. The control
system proposed for limit-cycle taming is fully
nonlinear, and therefore does not affect the linear
behaviour of the system (in particular its stability
characteristics). Hence, limit-cycle taming may be
used in conjunction with a standard linear active
control (e.g. use of linear active control to
increase the stability boundary). Applications of
the theory to the problem of flutter are
presented.
Aircraft structures
Authors: Davies G. A. O.
Published: February 2023

This article attempts to look forward in the field of
aircraft structures, at what is likely to happen,
and what current R&D is necessary to achieve
this. It becomes clear that structural performance
is always improving but that the main drivers are
likely to be cost, both capital cost and in-service
costs. The capital cost is likely to improve by
reducing the design and development time as well as
low-cost manufacturing. The use of all components of
the synthetic environment are here playing an
increasing role. The in-service costs will be
reduced by more robust structures and better NDE to
automate inspections and lengthen their
intervals.
A new class of spatial harmonic magnetrons with potentials for CW and sub-THz operation
Authors: Nasr Esfahani Nasrin , Vavriv Dmytro M. , Schünemann Klaus
Published: February 2023

A strictly physically based design theory of a new class of Spatial Harmonic Magnetrons (SHM) is thoroughly derived which leads to analytically evaluable expressions. Thus two advantages are obtained: (1) The design parameters appear grouped into two separate categories – one just containing geometrical and material parameters, the other one exclusively containing beam current-related ones, which are in product-form determining performance. The influence of each parameter can thus easily be discovered and investigated. (2) Numerical efforts for any new design will be reduced by at least one order of magnitude. Subsequently and based on feature (1) it is derived that loading the anode structure by a suitably selected meta-material will increase output power and efficiency, will pave the way to CW operation, and can extend oscillation frequency well into the sub-THz range. Finally, it is shown that the Rising Sun Magnetron is a first step toward a meta-material loaded SHM offering the same but quantitatively reduced features and less stringent requirements to fabrication technology.
Hausärztliche Betreuung bei der Rückkehr zur Arbeit
Authors: Verbeek Jos , Raatz Heike , Kunz Regina , Hoving Jan
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung. Kürzlich hat ein Cochrane-Review das aktuelle Wissen über die Auswirkungen von Massnahmen zur Unterstützung depressiver Patienten bei der Rückkehr zur Arbeit zusammengefasst. Die Evidenzbasis – 45 randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien – war umfangreich und führte häufig zu einer mittelgradigen oder sogar hohen Robustheit der Evidenz. Für die Endpunkte «Rückkehr zur Arbeit» sowie «Depressive Symptome» zeigte die Integration von Massnahmen am Arbeitsplatz kombiniert mit klinisch-psychologischer Behandlung den grössten Nutzen. Verglichen mit der üblichen Versorgung könnte dies bei depressiven Patienten zu einer Senkung krankheitsbedingter Absenzen um 25 Tage pro Jahr führen. Für Hausärzte lohnt es sich, in die Organisation einer verbesserten Versorgung mit psychologischer Behandlung in Verbindung mit Massnahmen zur Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz zu investieren. Einfache Massnahmen am Arbeitsplatz, wie zum Beispiel die Verkürzung der Arbeitszeit oder die Verschlankung der Arbeitsanforderungen, können helfen, wenn sie in die medizinische Versorgung integriert werden. Die Anpassungen am Arbeitsplatz werden in der Regel durch den Vorgesetzten oder die Personalabteilung realisiert. Ein gutes Verhältnis zum Vorgesetzten ist daher unerlässlich. Es gibt keine Hinweise, dass antidepressive Medikamente die Zeit bis zur Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz verkürzen.
Psychische Gesundheit und Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Marelli Renato , Baer Niklas
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung. Patienten mit psychischen Einschränkungen geraten am Arbeitsplatz häufig in Schwierigkeiten, die in letzter Konsequenz den Arbeitsplatz gefährden können. In diesen Situationen kommt einer niedrigschwelligen Kommunikation zwischen Hausarzt und Arbeitgeber eine besondere Bedeutung zu, um Eskalationen und Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes zu vermeiden. Der Artikel beschreibt die einzelnen Schritte der psychosozialen Abklärung durch den Hausarzt und seine Interaktion mit Arbeitgebern und Vorgesetzten. Bei ihren Empfehlungen greifen die Autoren auf umfangreiche eigene Forschung und ihre langjährigen Erfahrungen mit der Schulung von Verantwortlichen für die berufliche Wiedereingliederung zurück.
Erworbene Hirnschädigung und Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben
Authors: Donker-Cools Birgit H. P. M. , van Bennekom Coen A.M. , Kunz Regina
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung. Dieser Artikel behandelt die interdisziplinäre niederländische Leitlinie «Erworbene Hirnschädigung und Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben». Sie wurde nach der Methodik der evidenzbasierten Medizin entwickelt und unterstützt alle Fachleute, die an der beruflichen Wiedereingliederung von Arbeitnehmern mit traumatischer (z.B. Verkehrsunfall) und nichttraumatischer (z.B. Schlaganfall) erworbener Hirnschädigung beteiligt sind.