bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluations and Improvements of GLDAS2.0 and GLDAS2.1 Forcing Data's Applicability for Basin Scale Hydrological Simulations in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Qi Wei , Liu Junguo , Chen Deliang
Published: November 2018

Hydroclimatic data are of importance to understand the water cycle and therefore for water resource assessment. Such data are of paramount importance for the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which is the source region of several large rivers in Asia. The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) 2.0 and 2.1 provide abundant fine resolution hydroclimatic data. However, evaluations on their applicability have not been carried out for the TP. This study aims to evaluate and improve their applicability in basin‐scale hydrological applications in the TP. Gauge‐based data, a hydrological model including biosphere and seven state‐of‐the‐art global precipitation products are utilized to carry out the study in four large basins in the TP. We find that GLDAS2.1 shows significant warming trends from 2001 to 2010, whereas GLDAS2.0 shows cooling trends, although only significant in the Upper Yellow River basin. The contrasting trends imply that caution should be taken when using them to analyze climate change impacts. On a monthly scale, GLDAS2.1 precipitation on average is closer to the gauge‐based data than GLDAS2.0, but both of them have high uncertainty. Therefore, further quality improvements in precipitation are of importance. We also find CMORPH‐BLD has better performance than other products in terms of Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Relative Bias (RB), and root‐mean‐square error. Combining CMORPH‐BLD with GLDAS2.0 forcing data generates more realistic runoff simulation than GLDAS2.1, with NSE and RB being 0.85 and 16% on average. The results provide unique insights into the studied data and are beneficial for water resource assessment in the TP.
Southward Shift of the Pacific ITCZ During the Holocene
Authors: Sachs J. P. , Blois J. L. , McGee T. , Wolhowe M. , Haberle S. , Clark G. , Atahan P.
Published: November 2018

The Holocene (0–11.7 ka BP) appears warm and stable in ice core and global temperature reconstructions as well as in transient climate simulations. This seeming quiescence of Earth's climate belies large secular changes in seasonal and zonal mean radiation receipts resulting from variations in orbital precession and obliquity. Here we show that the tropical Pacific, a key mediator of global climate, underwent a profound climatic shift during the Holocene. Hydrogen isotope ratios of the algal lipid dinosterol, isolated from marine lake sediments in Palau, increased by 50‰ between 7.7 and 4.5 ka BP, indicating a reduction in precipitation. This implied drying coincided with increased rainfall to the southwest of Palau in Borneo, weakened northern hemisphere monsoons, strengthened southern hemisphere monsoons, and an equatorward shift of terrestrial photosynthesis. A southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, forced by insolation, is the most likely cause of these climatic and biospheric changes.
Upregulation of Ets1 expression by NFATc2 and NFKB1/RELA promotes breast cancer cell invasiveness
Authors: Kim Gi-Cheon , Kwon Ho-Keun , Lee Choong-Gu , Verma Ravi , Rudra Dipayan , Kim Taemook , Kang Keunsoo , Nam Jong Hee , Kim Young , Im Sin-Hyeog
Published: November 2018

Breast cancer is highly aggressive and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women in developed countries. The ETS proto-oncogene 1 (Ets1) has versatile roles during the cellular processes of cancer development. It is often highly expressed in breast cancers and mediates migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells. However, underlying mechanisms ofEts1gene expression is still ambiguous. Here, we identified a core-regulatory element (CRE) located in the Ets1 promoter region (−540/−80 bp from TSS) that contains elements responsible for associating with NFATs and NF-κBs. Compared with the less metastatic breast cancer cells, metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) show open chromatin configurations in the CRE, which facilitates direct binding of NFATc2 and/or NFKB1/RELA complex to trans-activateEts1transcription. Moreover, enhanced level ofNfatc2andNfkb1positively correlated with Ets1 expression in the human breast cancer specimens. Deletion of the CRE region by CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in significant reduction in Ets1 expression, which led to alterations of Ets1-mediated transcription programs including tumor invasiveness-related genes. Proper regulation ofEts1gene expression by targeting the NFATc2 and NFKB1/RELA interaction could be a potential therapeutic target for Ets1-mediated metastatic breast cancer.
miR-21 promotes EGF-induced pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by targeting Spry2
Authors: Zhao Qiuyan , Chen Sumin , Zhu Zhonglin , Yu Lanting , Ren Yingchun , Jiang Mingjie , Weng Junyong , Li Baiwen
Published: November 2018

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant cancer that lacks effective targets for therapy. Alteration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression has been recognized as an essential molecular event in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that miRNAs play critical roles in EGF signaling regulation, tumor initiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we demonstrated that miR-21 expression was induced by EGF in pancreatic cancer cells. miR-21 promoted EGF-induced proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis and accelerated cell cycle progression. In vivo experiments confirmed the influence of miR-21 on tumor growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-21 targeted MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to modulate cell proliferation. In addition, Spry2 was proven to be a target of miR-21. Furthermore, miR-21 and Spry2 were significantly related to clinical features and may be valuable predictors of PDAC patient prognosis.
Cell cycle shift from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases is responsible for increased adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals on repairing renal tubular cells at injured site
Authors: Khamchun Supaporn , Thongboonkerd Visith
Published: November 2018

Renal tubular cell injury can enhance calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal adhesion at the injured site and thus may increase the stone risk. Nevertheless, underlying mechanism of such enhancement remained unclear. In the present study, confluent MDCK renal tubular cell monolayers were scratched to allow cells to proliferate and repair the injured site. At 12-h post-scratch, the repairing cells had significant increases in crystal adhesion capacity and cell proliferation as compared to the control. Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry demonstrated that the repairing cells underwent cell cycle shift from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases. Cyclosporin A (CsA) and hydroxyurea (HU) at sub-toxic doses caused cell cycle shift mimicking that observed in the repairing cells. Crystal-cell adhesion assay confirmed the increased crystal adhesion capacity of the CsA-treated and HU-treated cells similar to that of the repairing cells. These findings provide evidence indicating that cell cycle shift from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases is responsible, at least in part, for the increased adhesion of COM crystals on repairing renal tubular cells at the injured site.
Author Correction: Iron restriction inside macrophages regulates pulmonary host defense against Rhizopus species
Authors: Andrianaki Angeliki M. , Kyrmizi Irene , Thanopoulou Kalliopi , Baldin Clara , Drakos Elias , Soliman Sameh S. M. , Shetty Amol C. , McCracken Carrie , Akoumianaki Tonia , Stylianou Kostas , Ioannou Petros , Pontikoglou Charalampos , Papadaki Helen A. , Tzardi Maria , Belle Valerie , Etienne Emilien , Beauvais Anne , Samonis George , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Andreakos Evangelos , Bruno Vincent M. , Ibrahim Ashraf S. , Chamilos Georgios
Published: November 2018

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Emilien Etienne, which was incorrectly given as Emilien Ettiene. These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Vasculogenic mimicry formation in EBV-associated epithelial malignancies
Authors: Xiang Tong , Lin Yu-Xin , Ma Wenlong , Zhang Hao-Jiong , Chen Ke-Ming , He Gui-Ping , Zhang Xiao , Xu Miao , Feng Qi-Sheng , Chen Ming-Yuan , Zeng Mu-Sheng , Zeng Yi-Xin , Feng Lin
Published: November 2018

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated epithelial cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and approximately 10% of gastric cancers, termed EBVaGC, represent 80% of all EBV-related malignancies. However, the exact role of EBV in epithelial cancers remains elusive. Here, we report that EBV functions in vasculogenic mimicry (VM). Epithelial cancer cells infected with EBV develop tumor vascular networks that correlate with tumor growth, which is different from endothelial-derived angiogenic vessels and is VEGF-independent. Mechanistically, activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling cascade, which is partly mediated by LMP2A, is responsible for EBV-induced VM formation. Both xenografts and clinical samples of NPC and EBVaGC exhibit VM histologically, which are correlated with AKT and HIF-1α activation. Furthermore, although anti-VEGF monotherapy shows limited effects, potent synergistic antitumor activities are achieved by combination therapy with VEGF and HIF-1α-targeted agents. Our findings suggest that EBV creates plasticity in epithelial cells to express endothelial phenotype and provides a novel EBV-targeted antitumor strategy.
Imaging antiferromagnetic antiphase domain boundaries using magnetic Bragg diffraction phase contrast
Authors: Kim Min Gyu , Miao Hu , Gao Bin , Cheong S.-W. , Mazzoli C. , Barbour A. , Hu Wen , Wilkins S. B. , Robinson I. K. , Dean M. P. M. , Kiryukhin V.
Published: November 2018

Manipulating magnetic domains is essential for many technological applications. Recent breakthroughs in Antiferromagnetic Spintronics brought up novel concepts for electronic device development. Imaging antiferromagnetic domains is of key importance to this field. Unfortunately, some of the basic domain types, such as antiphase domains, cannot be imaged by conventional techniques. Herein, we present a new domain projection imaging technique based on the localization of domain boundaries by resonant magnetic diffraction of coherent X rays. Contrast arises from reduction of the scattered intensity at the domain boundaries due to destructive interference effects. We demonstrate this approach by imaging antiphase domains in a collinear antiferromagnet Fe2Mo3O8, and observe evidence of domain wall interaction with a structural defect. This technique does not involve any numerical algorithms. It is fast, sensitive, produces large-scale images in a single-exposure measurement, and is applicable to a variety of magnetic domain types.
Distinct contributions of tensile and shear stress on E-cadherin levels during morphogenesis
Authors: Kale Girish R. , Yang Xingbo , Philippe Jean-Marc , Mani Madhav , Lenne Pierre-François , Lecuit Thomas
Published: November 2018

During epithelial morphogenesis, cell contacts (junctions) are constantly remodeled by mechanical forces that work against adhesive forces. E-cadherin complexes play a pivotal role in this process by providing persistent cell adhesion and by transmitting mechanical tension. In this context, it is unclear how mechanical forces affect E-cadherin adhesion and junction dynamics. During Drosophila embryo axis elongation, Myosin-II activity in the apico-medial and junctional cortex generates mechanical forces to drive junction remodeling. Here we report that the ratio between Vinculin and E-cadherin intensities acts as a ratiometric readout for these mechanical forces (load) at E-cadherin complexes. Medial Myosin-II loads E-cadherin complexes on all junctions, exerts tensile forces, and increases levels of E-cadherin. Junctional Myosin-II, on the other hand, biases the distribution of load between junctions of the same cell, exerts shear forces, and decreases the levels of E-cadherin. This work suggests distinct effects of tensile versus shear stresses on E-cadherin adhesion.
Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of sterically hindered N-tosylimines
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Zhang Zhenfeng , Li Bowen , Li Feilong , Wang Yulin , Zhao Min , Gridnev Ilya D. , Imamoto Tsuneo , Zhang Wanbin
Published: November 2018

Asymmetric hydrogenation of sterically hindered substrates still constitutes a long-standing challenge in the area of asymmetric catalysis. Herein, an efficient palladium acetate (an inexpensive Pd salt with low toxicity) catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of sterically hindered N-tosylimines is realized with high catalytic activities (S/C up to 5000) and excellent enantioselectivities (ee up to 99.9%). Quantum chemical calculations suggest that uniformly high enantioselectivities are observed due to the structurally different S- and R-reaction pathways.
Geometric phase magnetometry using a solid-state spin
Authors: Arai K. , Lee J. , Belthangady C. , Glenn D. R. , Zhang H. , Walsworth R. L.
Published: November 2018

A key challenge of magnetometry lies in the simultaneous optimization of magnetic field sensitivity and maximum field range. In interferometry-based magnetometry, a quantum two-level system acquires a dynamic phase in response to an applied magnetic field. However, due to the 2π periodicity of the phase, increasing the coherent interrogation time to improve sensitivity reduces field range. Here we introduce a route towards both large magnetic field range and high sensitivity via measurements of the geometric phase acquired by a quantum two-level system. We experimentally demonstrate geometric-phase magnetometry using the electronic spin associated with the nitrogen vacancy (NV) color center in diamond. Our approach enables unwrapping of the 2π phase ambiguity, enhancing field range by 400 times. We also find additional sensitivity improvement in the nonadiabatic regime, and study how geometric-phase decoherence depends on adiabaticity. Our results show that the geometric phase can be a versatile tool for quantum sensing applications.
Differentiation between enamines and tautomerizable imines in the oxidation reaction with TEMPO
Authors: Jie Xiaoming , Shang Yaping , Chen Zhe-Ning , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhuang Wei , Su Weiping
Published: November 2018

Enamine and imine represent two of the most common reaction intermediates in syntheses, and the imine intermediates containing α-hydrogen often exhibit the similar reactivity to enamines due to their rapid tautomerization to enamine tautomers. Herein, we report that the minor structural difference between the enamine and the enamine tautomer derived from imine tautomerization results in the different chemo- and regioselectivity in the reaction of cyclohexanones, amines and TEMPO: the reaction of primary amines furnishes the formal oxygen 1,2-migration product, α-amino-enones, while the reaction of secondary amines under similar conditions generates exclusively arylamines via consecutive dehydrogenation on the cyclohexyl rings. The 18O-labeling experiment for α-amino-enone formation revealed that TEMPO served as oxygen transfer reagent. Experimental and computational studies of reaction mechanisms revealed that the difference in chemo- and regioselectivity could be ascribed to the flexible imine-enamine tautomerization of the imine intermediate containing an α-hydrogen.
Hysteresis control of epithelial-mesenchymal transition dynamics conveys a distinct program with enhanced metastatic ability
Authors: Celià-Terrassa Toni , Bastian Caleb , Liu Daniel D. , Ell Brian , Aiello Nicole M. , Wei Yong , Zamalloa Jose , Blanco Andres M. , Hang Xiang , Kunisky Dmitriy , Li Wenyang , Williams Elizabeth D. , Rabitz Herschel , Kang Yibin
Published: November 2018

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been extensively characterized in development and cancer, and its dynamics have been modeled as a non-linear process. However, less is known about how such dynamics may affect its biological impact. Here, we use mathematical modeling and experimental analysis of the TGF-β-induced EMT to reveal a non-linear hysteretic response of E-cadherin repression tightly controlled by the strength of the miR-200s/ZEBs negative feedback loop. Hysteretic EMT conveys memory state, ensures rapid and robust cellular response and enables EMT to persist long after withdrawal of stimuli. Importantly, while both hysteretic and non-hysteretic EMT confer similar morphological changes and invasive potential of cancer cells, only hysteretic EMT enhances lung metastatic colonization efficiency. Cells that undergo hysteretic EMT differentially express subsets of stem cell and extracellular matrix related genes with significant clinical prognosis value. These findings illustrate distinct biological impact of EMT depending on the dynamics of the transition.
Single cell RNA-sequencing identifies a metabolic aspect of apoptosis in Rbf mutant
Authors: Ariss Majd M. , Islam Abul B. M. M. K. , Critcher Meg , Zappia Maria Paula , Frolov Maxim V.
Published: November 2018

The function of Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (pRB) is greatly influenced by the cellular context, therefore the consequences of pRB inactivation are cell-type-specific. Here we employ single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile the impact of an Rbf mutation during Drosophila eye development. First, we build a catalogue of 11,500 wild type eye disc cells containing major known cell types. We find a transcriptional switch occurring in differentiating photoreceptors at the time of axonogenesis. Next, we map a cell landscape of Rbf mutant and identify a mutant-specific cell population that shows intracellular acidification due to increase in glycolytic activity. Genetic experiments demonstrate that such metabolic changes, restricted to this unique Rbf mutant population, sensitize cells to apoptosis and define the pattern of cell death in Rbf mutant eye disc. Thus, these results illustrate how scRNA-seq can be applied to dissect mutant phenotypes.
Oxidative stress in the oral cavity is driven by individual-specific bacterial communities
Authors: Džunková Mária , Martinez-Martinez Daniel , Gardlík Roman , Behuliak Michal , Janšáková Katarína , Jiménez Nuria , Vázquez-Castellanos Jorge F. , Martí Jose Manuel , D’Auria Giuseppe , Bandara H. M. H. N. , Latorre Amparo , Celec Peter , Moya Andrés
Published: November 2018

The term “bacterial dysbiosis” is being used quite extensively in metagenomic studies, however, the identification of harmful bacteria often fails due to large overlap between the bacterial species found in healthy volunteers and patients. We hypothesized that the pathogenic oral bacteria are individual-specific and they correlate with oxidative stress markers in saliva which reflect the inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Temporally direct and lagged correlations between the markers and bacterial taxa were computed individually for 26 volunteers who provided saliva samples during one month (21.2 ± 2.7 samples/volunteer, 551 samples in total). The volunteers’ microbiomes differed significantly by their composition and also by their degree of microbiome temporal variability and oxidative stress markers fluctuation. The results showed that each of the marker-taxa pairs can have negative correlations in some volunteers while positive in others. Streptococcus mutans, which used to be associated with caries before the metagenomics era, had the most prominent correlations with the oxidative stress markers, however, these correlations were not confirmed in all volunteers. The importance of longitudinal samples collections in correlation studies was underlined by simulation of single sample collections in 1000 different combinations which produced contradictory results. In conclusion, the distinct intra-individual correlation patterns suggest that different bacterial consortia might be involved in the oxidative stress induction in each human subject. In the future, decreasing cost of DNA sequencing will allow to analyze multiple samples from each patient, which might help to explore potential diagnostic applications and understand pathogenesis of microbiome-associated oral diseases.
A Convenient Non-harm Cervical Spondylosis Intelligent Identity method based on Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Nana , Huang Xi , Rao Yi , Xiao Jing , Lu Jiahui , Wang Nian , Cui Li
Published: November 2018

Cervical spondylosis (CS), a most common orthopedic diseases, is mainly identified by the doctor’s judgment from the clinical symptoms and cervical change provided by expensive instruments in hospital. Owing to the development of the surface electromyography (sEMG) technique and artificial intelligence, we proposed a convenient non-harm CS intelligent identify method EasiCNCSII, including the sEMG data acquisition and the CS identification. Faced with the limit testable muscles, the data acquisition method are proposed to conveniently and effectively collect data based on the tendons theory and CS etiology. Faced with high-dimension and the weak availability of the data, the 3-tier model EasiAI is developed to intelligently identify CS. The common features and new features are extracted from raw sEMG data in first tier. The EasiRF is proposed in second tier to further reduce the data dimension, improving the performance. A classification model based on gradient boosted regression tree is developed in third tier to identify CS. Compared with 4 common machine learning classification models, the EasiCNCSII achieves best performance of 91.02% in mean accuracy, 97.14% in mean sensitivity, 81.43% in mean specificity, 0.95 in mean AUC.
Aging of stimulus-driven and goal-directed attentional processes in young immigrants with long-term high altitude exposure in Tibet: An ERP study
Authors: Ma Hailin , Huang Xiaoyan , Liu Ming , Ma Huifang , Zhang Delong
Published: November 2018

High altitude (HA) exposure reduces the behavioral response to visual attention and the neural basis is still largely unclear. The present study explored the stimulus-driven and goal-directed factors that are hidden within this attentional behavior impairment via a visual search paradigm in young immigrants in Tibet by recording event-related potential (ERPs). We found that HA explosure significantly slowed the stimulus-driven behaviors instead of the goal-directed behaviors. Furthermore, the P1, N1, and P3 amplitudes collectively indicated the poor efficiency of entire attention behaviors, in which the P3 magnitude of resources allocation was negatively correlated with the attentional behavior response. And the P3 scalp distribution suggested a compensation for insufficient resources of sensory processing only in the goal-directed behaviors. Together, the present study made the point on how stimulus-driven and goal-directed attentional behaviors changed as a result of chronic HA environment exposure, which is similar to aging.
Author Correction: Comparison of DNA-, PMA-, and RNA-based 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing for detection of live bacteria in water
Authors: Li Ru , Tun Hein Min , Jahan Musarrat , Zhang Zhengxiao , Kumar Ayush , Dilantha Fernando W. G. , Farenhorst Annemieke , Khafipour Ehsan
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Sexual homomorphism in dioecious trees: extensive tests fail to detect sexual dimorphism in Populus
Authors: McKown Athena D. , Klápště Jaroslav , Guy Robert D. , Soolanayakanahally Raju Y. , La Mantia Jonathan , Porth Ilga , Skyba Oleksandr , Unda Faride , Douglas Carl J. , El-Kassaby Yousry A. , Hamelin Richard C. , Mansfield Shawn D. , Cronk Quentin C. B.
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Kinesin Family of Proteins Kif11 and Kif21B Act as Inhibitory Constraints of Excitatory Synaptic Transmission Through Distinct Mechanisms
Authors: Swarnkar Supriya , Avchalumov Yosef , Raveendra Bindu L. , Grinman Eddie , Puthanveettil Sathyanarayanan V.
Published: November 2018

Despite our understanding of the functions of the kinesin family of motor proteins (Kifs) in neurons, their specific roles in neuronal communication are less understood. To address this, by carrying out RNAi-mediated loss of function studies, we assessed the necessity of 18 Kifs in excitatory synaptic transmission in mouse primary hippocampal neurons prepared from both sexes. Our measurements of excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) have identified 7 Kifs that were found to be not critical and 11 Kifs that are essential for synaptic transmission by impacting either frequency or amplitude or both components of EPSCs. Intriguingly we found that knockdown of mitotic Kif4A and Kif11 and post-mitotic Kif21B resulted in an increase in EPSCs suggesting that they function as inhibitory constraints on synaptic transmission. Furthermore, Kifs (11, 21B, 13B) with distinct effects on synaptic transmission are expressed in the same hippocampal neuron. Mechanistically, unlike Kif21B, Kif11 requires the activity of pre-synaptic NMDARs. In addition, we find that Kif11 knockdown enhanced dendritic arborization, synapse number, expression of synaptic vesicle proteins synaptophysin and active zone protein Piccolo. Moreover, expression of Piccolo constrained Kif11 function in synaptic transmission. Together these results suggest that neurons are able to utilize specific Kifs as tools for calibrating synaptic function. These studies bring novel insights into the biology of Kifs and functioning of neural circuits.
Isolation, identification, structural elucidation and bioactivity of Heneicos-1-ene from Coriandrum sativum L. foliage
Authors: Priyadarshi Siddharth , Harohally Nanishankar V. , Roopavathi C. , Naidu Madeneni Madhava
Published: November 2018

Coriander foliage is a distinctive spice employed on a daily basis in curry and other Indian traditional food preparations mainly for the unique flavour attributes and health benefits. Radical scavenging activity has been demonstrated previously for coriander foliage. However, specific molecules responsible were not identified. A new molecule was isolated via chromatographic technique, and its structure was established by employing multinuclei and multidimensional NMR and HRMS techniques. The identified molecule Heneicos-1-ene was also screened for radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity, wherein it displayed radical scavenging activity of 89.6 ± 0.62% at 200 ppm, and also exhibited substantial antimicrobial activity against E. coli and Salmonella typhi.
Cisplatin treatment induces attention deficits and impairs synaptic integrity in the prefrontal cortex in mice
Authors: Huo XiaoJiao , Reyes Teresa M. , Heijnen Cobi J. , Kavelaars Annemieke
Published: November 2018

Patients treated for cancer frequently experience chemobrain, characterized by impaired memory and reduced attention. These deficits often persist after treatment, and no preventive or curative interventions exist. In mice, we assessed the effect of cisplatin chemotherapy on attention using the 5-choice serial reaction time task and on synaptic integrity. We also assessed the capacity of mesenchymal stem cells to normalize the characteristics of chemobrain. Mice were trained in the 5-choice serial reaction time task. After reaching advancement criteria at a 4-second stimulus time, they were treated with cisplatin followed by nasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells. Cisplatin reduced the percentage of correct responses due to an increase in omissions, indicating attention deficits. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment reversed these cisplatin-induced deficits in attention. Cisplatin also induced abnormalities in markers of synaptic integrity in the prefrontal cortex. Specifically, cisplatin decreased expression of the global presynaptic marker synaptophysin and the glutamatergic presynaptic marker vGlut2. Expression of the presynaptic GABAergic marker vGAT increased. Nasal mesenchymal stem cell administration normalized these markers of synaptic integrity. In conclusion, cisplatin induces long-lasting attention deficits that are associated with decreased synaptic integrity in the prefrontal cortex. Nasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells reversed these behavioural and structural deficits.
An ionic liquid-functionalized amphiphilic Janus material as a Pickering interfacial catalyst for asymmetric sulfoxidation in water
Authors: Zhang Mingjie , Tang Zhiyang , Fu Wenqin , Wang Weiying , Tan Rong , Yin Donghong
Published: November 2018

Novel IL-functionalized amphiphilic Janus chiral salen TiIV catalysts behaved as Pickering interfacial catalysts, dramatically accelerating asymmetric sulfoxidation with aq. H2O2 in water through the formation of stable Pickering emulsions.
Metal–organic frameworks based on tetraphenylpyrazine-derived tetracarboxylic acid for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and NAC sensing
Authors: Wang Tao , Huang Kun , Peng Mengni , Li Xianglin , Han Defang , Jing Linhai , Qin Dabin
Published: November 2018

Tetraphenylpyrazine-derived tetracarboxylic acid-based new MOFs and their promising applications in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
Highly Eu3+ ions doped novel red emission solid solution phosphors Ca18Li3(Bi,Eu)(PO4)14: structure design, characteristic luminescence and abnormal thermal quenching behavior investigation
Authors: Zhu Ge , Li Zhuowei , Wang Chuang , Wang Xuejiao , Zhou Faguang , Gao Miao , Xin Shuangyu , Wang Yuhua
Published: November 2018

Photoluminescence property and abnormal thermal quenching behavior investigation of Ca18Li3Bi(PO4)14:Eu3+ solid solution phosphors.
Simultaneous production of biomethane and food grade CO2 from biogas: an industrial case study
Authors: Esposito Elisa , Dellamuzia Loredana , Moretti Ugo , Fuoco Alessio , Giorno Lidietta , Jansen Johannes C.
Published: November 2018

This work presents a case study on the first large-scale industrial biogas upgrading process with simultaneous purification of methane and CO2 in one of Europe's largest biogas production and purification plants in Northern Italy.
Layer-by-layer assembly for photoelectrochemical nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Kim Dongseok , Gu Minsu , Park Minju , Kim Taehyung , Kim Byeong-Su
Published: November 2018

Full device model implemented with LbL-PEC nanoarchitectonics.
Wettability manipulation of overflow behavior via vesicle surfactant for water-proof surface cleaning
Authors: Wang Ting , Si Yifan , Luo Siqi , Dong Zhichao , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2018

An ultra-fast cleaning strategy on a superhydrophobic surface was achieved via vesicle surfactant AOT manipulation of the wettability transition within milliseconds.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) tau class glutathione S-transferase (OsGSTU30) overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana modulates a regulatory network leading to heavy metal and drought stress tolerance
Authors: Srivastava Dipali , Verma Giti , Chauhan Abhishek Singh , Pande Veena , Chakrabarty Debasis
Published: November 2018

OsGSTU30 increases the abiotic stress tolerance in plants either by its catalytic activity or by modulating the expression of stress responsive genes.
Indolo[3,2-b]indole donor-based D–π–A dyes for DSCs: investigating the role of π-spacers towards recombination
Authors: Santhini P. V. , V. Jayadev , Pradhan Sourava C. , Lingamoorthy Sivasankaran , P. R. Nitha , M. V. Chaithanya , Mishra Rakesh K. , K. N. Narayanan Unni , John Jubi , Soman Suraj
Published: November 2018

A detailed investigation of recombination, employing novel indolo[3,2-b]indole donor-based organic D–π–A dyes with variable π-spacers, using various perturbation techniques.
[99mTc-HYNIC-N-dodecylamide]: a new hydrophobic tracer for labelling reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) for radioimaging
Authors: Isaac-Olivé Keila , Ocampo-García Blanca E. , Aranda-Lara Liliana , Santos-Cuevas Clara L. , Jiménez-Mancilla Nallely P. , Luna-Gutiérrez Myrna A. , Medina Luis. A. , Nagarajan Bhavani , Sabnis Nirupama , Raut Sangram , Prokai Laszlo , Lacko Andras G.
Published: November 2018

99mTc-HYNIC-DA incorporated into HDL nanoparticles can be used to image SR-B1 positive tumors.
Investigating the breakdown of the nerve agent simulant methyl paraoxon and chemical warfare agents GB and VX using nitrogen containing bases
Authors: Wilson Craig , Cooper Nicholas J. , Briggs Michael E. , Cooper Andrew I. , Adams Dave J.
Published: November 2018

A range of nitrogen containing bases was tested for the hydrolysis of a nerve agent simulant, methyl paraoxon (MP), and the chemical warfare agents, GB and VX.
Controlling silicone networks using dithioacetal crosslinks
Authors: Fatona Ayodele , Moran-Mirabal Jose , Brook Michael A.
Published: November 2018

Rapid metal free cure of thiopropylsilicones occursviafacile thioacetal formation.
A concentrated array of copper porphyrin candidate qubits
Authors: Yu Chung-Jui , Krzyaniak Matthew D. , Fataftah Majed S. , Wasielewski Michael R. , Freedman Danna E.
Published: November 2018

Metal–organic frameworks enable the synthesis of arrays of atomically precise qubits.
Mesoporous NiS2nanospheres as a hydrophobic anticancer drug delivery vehicle for synergistic photothermal–chemotherapy
Authors: He Gang , Ma Yan , Zhou Hu , Sun Siyuan , Wang Xianwen , Qian Haisheng , Xu Yan , Miao Zhaohua , Zha Zhengbao
Published: November 2018

Monodispersed mesoporous NiS2nanospheres (mNiS2NSs) have been successfully developed here through a facile solvothermal method to act as a hydrophobic drug delivery vehicle for synergistic photothermal–chemo treatment of cancer.
Synthesis and optical properties of redox-active triphenylamine-based derivatives with methoxy protecting groups
Authors: Wu Jung-Tsu , Hsiang Ting-Lin , Liou Guey-Sheng
Published: November 2018

Five redox-active triphenylamine derivatives with methoxy protecting groups have been readily synthesized. They show excellent electrochemical stability, high extinction coefficient and multi-colored electrochromism at different applied potentials related to their oxidation stages, demonstrating their great potential as electrochromic materials for color palette.
Antiphase boundaries in truncated octahedron-shaped Zn-doped magnetite nanocrystals
Authors: Fontaiña-Troitiño Nerio , Ramos-Docampo Miguel A. , Testa-Anta Martín , Rodríguez-González Benito , Bañobre-López Manuel , Bocher Laura , McKenna Keith P. , Salgueiriño Verónica
Published: November 2018

Antiphase boundaries perpendicular to the [111] direction of the spinel structure of the nanocrystals promote a local Fe–Fe enrichment at these individual lattice defects.
Semi‐global edge‐consensus of linear discrete‐time multi‐agent systems with positive constraint and input saturation
Authors: Sun Yaping , Su Housheng , Wang Xiaoling , Chen Shiming
Published: November 2018

, The authors study the semi‐global edge‐consensus of linear discrete‐time multi‐agent systems subject to edge state positive constraint and input saturation. By virtue of the positive system theory and low‐gain feedback method, the distributed control protocols for undirected and directed networks are designed to guarantee the non‐negative edge‐consensus with input saturation. Then, sufficient conditions, which can guarantee the edge‐consensus together with keeping the positive edge state constraint and avoiding the input saturation, are provided. Finally, two examples are presented to verify the theoretical results.
Input‐to‐state stability of an ODE‐heat cascade system with disturbances
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Long , Wang Jun‐Min , Guo Ya‐Ping
Published: November 2018

In this study, the authors consider the input‐to‐state stability of an ordinary differential equation (ODE)–heat cascade system with Dirichlet interconnection where the boundary control input is located at the right end of the heat equation and the disturbance is appeared as a non‐homogeneous term in the ODE. Based on two backstepping transformations, they design a state feedback control law that guarantees the input‐to‐state stability of the closed‐loop system. The well‐posedness of the closed‐loop system is presented by using the semi‐group approach. Moreover, they design an output feedback control law by constructing an exponentially convergent observer. With the output feedback control, the input‐to‐state stability of the resulting closed‐loop system is proven.
Novel voltage balancing algorithm for single‐phase cascaded multilevel inverter for post‐module failure operation in solar photovoltaic applications
Authors: Rahman Syed , Meraj Mohammad , Iqbal Atif , Ben‐Brahim Lazhar
Published: November 2018

Four cascaded quasi‐impedance source inverter (qZSI) modules are required for achieving nine‐level output voltage waveform. In case of one module failure, number of levels in output voltage are reduced to seven. This leads to decrease in the output voltage magnitude and increased THD (higher than conventional seven‐level qZSI). This is due to the dominance of unwanted harmonic component introduced in the harmonic spectrum. To restore voltage magnitude and optimize THD performance, novel voltage balancing algorithm is proposed. To validate the control algorithm for off‐grid and grid connected system, simulation results of the multilevel qZSI are discussed in two categories: (i) DC voltage source powered multilevel qZSI for RL load subjected to module failure and (ii) solar powered multilevel qZSI connected to utility grid subjected to module failure and variable solar irradiation. Pre‐fault and post‐fault performance of the system with the proposed control algorithm is discussed for both categories, which validates the effectiveness of the algorithm. Hardware results for proof‐of‐concept are discussed for DC voltage source fed cascaded qZSI connected to RL load during pre‐fault and post‐fault conditions. FPGA Virtex‐5 is used for hardware implementation of the control algorithm. The results validate the improvement in output voltage both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Multimode operation of PV‐battery system with renewable intermittency smoothening and enhanced power quality
Authors: Pranith Sai , Kumar Shailendra , Singh Bhim , Bhatti Terlochan Singh
Published: November 2018

Smart grid technology has enabled the bidirectional power exchange between utility and consumers, owning renewable power sources. The major challenge to this feature is the intermittent nature of renewable sources such as photovoltaic (PV), which makes it difficult to exchange a definite amount of power with the grid. This study aims to address this challenge, by proposing a multifunctional PV–battery system to provide intermittency smoothening along with reactive power and harmonics compensation in grid‐connected mode and an uninterrupted power supply mode to loads during the grid outage. The PV–battery system comprises of a boost converter, bidirectional DC–DC converter and a grid‐connected voltage‐source converter (VSC). The boost converter operates the PV array at the maximum power point. The bidirectional converter provides the battery charging and maintains constant DC‐link voltage. The VSC uses a multimode controller, which has a current controller for grid‐connected mode, voltage controller for standalone mode, a voltage and rate of change of power‐based islanding detection and resynchronisation as per the IEEE 1547–2018 revised standard, for mode transitions based on grid availability. Simulated and test results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control in achieving the set objectives.
Hough transform‐based large micro‐motion target detection and estimation in synthetic aperture radar
Authors: Zhou Yang , Bi Daping , Shen Aiguo , Wang Xiaoping
Published: November 2018

Target vibration or rotation produces special phase modulation of synthetic aperture radar azimuth echo signals, referred to as the micro‐Doppler effect, which can provide favourable information for target detection and recognition. However, the pulse repetition frequency will be lower than the azimuth bandwidth of azimuth echo signal when the micro‐motion amplitude is too large, resulting in spectral aliasing, which invalidates the conventional detection and estimation algorithm. This study proposes a new target detection and estimation algorithm for large micro‐motion targets. First, the authors perform time–frequency (TF) transform on the azimuth echo signals of micro‐motion targets. Then extract the TF curves in the TF distribution. After modifying the analytical expression of large micro‐motion target TF curves, the target detection and parameter estimation are realised by Hough transform. The algorithm proposed in this study is applicable to the detection of both large and small micro‐motion targets. It is capable of detecting multiple micro‐motion targets in a single range cell simultaneously and is featured with high parameter estimation precision even if there is strong noise. Simulation results and field experimental data prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its superiority compared with the inverse radon transform algorithm.
Photometric redshifts from SDSS images using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Pasquet Johanna , Bertin E. , Treyer M. , Arnouts S. , Fouchez D.
Published: November 2018

We developed a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), used as a classifier, to estimate photometric redshifts and associated probability distribution functions (PDF) for galaxies in the Main Galaxy Sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at z <  0.4. Our method exploits all the information present in the images without any feature extraction. The input data consist of 64 × 64 pixel ugriz images centered on the spectroscopic targets, plus the galactic reddening value on the line-of-sight. For training sets of 100k objects or more (≥20% of the database), we reach a dispersion σMAD <  0.01, significantly lower than the current best one obtained from another machine learning technique on the same sample. The bias is lower than 10−4, independent of photometric redshift. The PDFs are shown to have very good predictive power. We also find that the CNN redshifts are unbiased with respect to galaxy inclination, and that σMAD decreases with the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), achieving values below 0.007 for S/N >  100, as in the deep stacked region of Stripe 82. We argue that for most galaxies the precision is limited by the S/N of SDSS images rather than by the method. The success of this experiment at low redshift opens promising perspectives for upcoming surveys.
Chemical segregation of complex organic O-bearing species in Orion KL
Authors: Tercero B. , Cuadrado S. , López A. , Brouillet N. , Despois D. , Cernicharo J.
Published: November 2018

We investigate the chemical segregation of complex O-bearing species (including the largest and most complex ones detected to date in space) towards Orion KL, the closest high-mass star-forming region. The molecular line images obtained using the ALMA science verification data reveal a clear segregation of chemically related species depending on their different functional groups. We map the emission of 13CH3OH, HCOOCH3, CH3OCH3, CH2OCH2, CH3COOCH3, HCOOCH2CH3, CH3CH2OCH3, HCOOH, OHCH2CH2OH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH2OH, OHCH2CHO, and CH3COCH3 with ∼1.5″ angular resolution and provide molecular abundances of these species toward different gas components of this region. We disentangle the emission of these species in the different Orion components by carefully selecting lines free of blending and opacity effects. Possible effects in the molecular spatial distribution due to residual blendings and different excitation conditions are also addressed. We find that while species containing the C−O−C group, i.e. an ether group, exhibit their peak emission and higher abundance towards the compact ridge, the hot core south is the component where species containing a hydroxyl group (−OH) bound to a carbon atom (C−O−H) present their emission peak and higher abundance. This finding allows us to propose methoxy (CH3O−) and hydroxymethyl (−CH2OH) radicals as the major drivers of the chemistry in the compact ridge and the hot core south, respectively, as well as different evolutionary stages and prevailing physical processes in the different Orion components.
Post-Paleozoic evolution of the northern Ardenne Massif constrained by apatite fission-track thermochronology and geological data
Authors: Barbarand Jocelyn , Bour Ivan , Pagel Maurice , Quesnel Florence , Delcambre Bernard , Dupuis Christian , Yans Johan
Published: November 2018

The exhumation history of basement areas is poorly constrained because of large gaps in the sedimentary record. Indirect methods including low temperature thermochronology may be used to estimate exhumation but these require an inverse modeling procedure to interpret the data. Solutions from such modeling are not always satisfactory as they may be too broad or may conflict with independent geological data. This study shows that the input of geological constraints is necessary to obtain a valuable and refined exhumation history and to identify the presence of a former sedimentary cover presently completely eroded. Apatite fission-track (AFT) data have been acquired on the northern part of the Ardenne Massif close to the Variscan front and in the southern Brabant, in particular for the Visean ash-beds. Apatite fission-track ages for surface samples range between 140 ± 13 and 261 ± 33 Ma and confined tracks lengths are ranging between 12.6 ± 0.2 and 13.8 ± 0.2 μm. Thermal inversion has been realized assuming that (1) samples were close to the surface (20–40 °C) during Triassic times, this is supported by remnants of detrital Upper Permian–Triassic sediments preserved in the south of the Ardenne and in the east (border of the Roer Graben and Malmédy Graben), and (2) terrestrial conditions prevailed during the Early Cretaceous for the Ardenne Massif, as indicated by radiometric ages on paleoweathering products. Inversion of the AFT data characterizes higher temperatures than surface temperatures during most of the Jurassic. Temperature range is wide but is compatible with the deposition on the northern Ardenne of a significant sedimentary cover, which has been later eroded during the Late Jurassic and/or the Early Cretaceous. Despite the presence of small outliers of Late Cretaceous (Hautes Fagnes area), no evidence is recorded by the fission-track data for the deposition of a significant chalk cover as highlighted in different parts of western Europe. These results question the existence of the London-Brabant Massif as a permanent positive structure during the Mesozoic.
Environmental and financial performance evaluation of a helicopter’s canopy production using different materials and manufacturing processes
Authors: Katsiropoulos Ch.V. , Loukopoulos A. , Pantelakis Sp.G.
Published: November 2018

In the present work Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing models (LCC) were developed for quantifying the financial and environmental performance of different material (carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites) and manufacturing scenarios (autoclave, RTM and CDF) associated with the production of aeronautical structural components. To validate the models developed, they were implemented for the case of a helicopter’s canopy. The results from the analysis pointed out the environmental and financial 1advantage of producing the canopy from carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting composites involving RTM as the manufacturing process. On the other hand, the environmental and financial viability of the scenarios including thermoplastic composites as the material of choice is impaired from both the high embodied energy and raw material cost of PEEK. However, potential benefits from thermoplastic composites like recyclability and reusability as well as the high production rates that they offer and not taken into account in this study could improve their environmental and financial viability. This underlines the need to include potential reusing and recycling applications of the composites, as well as circular economy considerations to the criteria for designing an aircraft structure, selecting the material for this structure and finally manufacturing the structure.