bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jailing is failing: psychiatry can help
Authors: Carroll Andrew , Brett Adam
Published: March 2024

There is accumulating evidence that imprisonment is expensive but does little to address the underlying drivers of offending. At the same time, it is now recognised that a large proportion of prisoners are diagnosable with significant psychiatric disorders. In this piece we explore the potential role of psychiatry in addressing the societal challenge of a failing prison system. We argue that core psychiatric skills of engaging in balanced, values-based thinking and implementing sound clinical processes can play an important role in reducing reoffending risk. We briefly discuss some of the key challenges involved and outline several relevant service models.
What is the Marginal Cost of Using Robot Assistance or Navigation for Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion? A Time-Driven Activity-Based Cost Analysis
Authors: Sarikonda Advith , Tecce Eric , Leibold Adam , Mansoor Ali Daniyal , Thalheimer Sara , Heller Joshua , Prasad Srinivas , Sharan Ashwini , Jallo Jack , Harrop James , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Sivaganesan Ahilan
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Our primary objective was to compare the marginal intraoperative cost of 3 different methods for pedicle screw placement as part of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (TLIFs). Specifically, we used time-driven activity-based costing to compare costs between robot-assisted TLIF (RA-TLIF), TLIF with intraoperative navigation (ION-TLIF), and freehand (non-navigated, nonrobotic) TLIF.

METHODS:

Total cost was divided into direct and indirect costs. We identified all instances of RA-TLIF (n = 20), ION-TLIF (n = 59), and freehand TLIF (n = 233) from 2020 to 2022 at our institution. Software was developed to automate the extraction of all intraoperatively used personnel and material resources from the electronic medical record. Total costs were determined through a combination of direct observation, electronic medical record extraction, and interdepartmental collaboration (business operations, sterile processing, pharmacy, and plant operation departments). Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to compare costs between TLIF modalities, accounting for patient-specific factors as well as number of levels fused, surgeon, and hospital site.

RESULTS:

The average total intraoperative cost per case for the RA-TLIF, ION-TLIF, and freehand TLIF cohorts was $24 838 ± $10 748, $15 991 ± $6254, and $14 498 ± $6580, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that RA-TLIF had significantly higher intraoperative cost compared with both ION-TLIF (β-coefficient: $7383 ± $1575, P < .001) and freehand TLIF (β-coefficient: $8182 ± $1523, P < .001). These cost differences were primarily driven by supply cost. However, there were no significant differences in intraoperative cost between ION-TLIF and freehand TLIF (P = .32).

CONCLUSION:

We demonstrate a novel use of time-driven activity-based costing methodology to compare different modalities for executing the same type of lumbar fusion procedure. RA-TLIF entails significantly higher supply cost when compared with other modalities, which explains its association with higher total intraoperative cost. The use of ION, however, does not add extra expense compared with freehand TLIF when accounting for confounders. This might have implications as surgeons and hospitals move toward bundled payments.
The Safety and Efficacy of Dorsal Root Entry Zone Lesioning for Pain Management in Patients With Brachial Plexus Avulsion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shekouhi Ramin , Chen Xizhao , Taylor Justin , Marji Fady P. , Chim Harvey
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Persistent neuropathic pain after brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) is common and generally nonresponsive to medical management. Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesioning is the last resort for pain management in patients with BPA. This study aims to investigate and compare the outcomes and complications of DREZ procedures.

METHODS:

A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all related studies. Comparisons were based on the number of patients with preoperative pain vs postoperative pain, with the effect size calculated using the risk ratio. Mean visual analog scale (VAS) scores were extracted and analyzed between interventions. A meta-regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for final outcomes. The rates of complications were also assessed and analyzed between interventions.

RESULTS:

A total of 30 studies with 917 patients (90.0% male and 10.0% female, mean age: 42.9 ± 16.6) were included in this systematic review. Of the 917 patients who underwent surgery, 655 (71.4%) patients had significant pain reduction at the last follow-up (P < .05). The weighted mean preoperative VAS score was 8.3 ± 1.3, compared with postoperative VAS scores (1.9 ± 2.2); a significant improvement was observed (P < .05). The subgroup analysis showed that microsurgical DREZotomy (MDT) is associated with better outcomes in terms of VAS score improvements compared with radiofrequency (RF)-assisted DREZ lesioning (P < .05). Meta-analysis showed that the relative risk of motor deficits was significantly lower in the MDT group, compared with the RF-assisted group (P < .05). Meta-regression showed that older age is correlated with an elevated risk of postoperative motor deficits compared with the incidence of sensory loss.

CONCLUSION:

DREZ lesioning is effective for intractable pain alleviation after BPA. Compared with RF-assisted DREZ lesioning, MDT is associated with better VAS score improvements and a lower rate of postoperative motor weakness.
Απόψεις των εκπαιδευτικών για την ένταξη των προσφύγων μαθητών στα ελληνικά σχολεία
Authors: Φίλη Ελένη , Παυλόπουλος Βασίλης
Published: March 2024

Η παρούσα έρευνα πραγματεύεται την πολύπλευρη διαδικασία της ένταξης των προσφυγόπουλων στο ελληνικό εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα μέσα από τη ματιά εκπαιδευτικών που έχουν συνεργαστεί με αυτή την ομάδα παιδιών. Υιοθετώντας ποιοτική μεθοδολογία και με τη διεξαγωγή 12 συνεντεύξεων, επιχειρήσαμε να εμβαθύνουμε στη μοναδική εμπειρία του/της εκάστοτε εκπαιδευτικού και στα συναισθήματά τους. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας ανέδειξαν τα αδύναμα σημεία του συστήματος ένταξης και, κυρίως, το γεγονός ότι παρά τα κύματα προσφύγων και μεταναστών που δέχεται η Ελλάδα, το εκπαιδευτικό της σύστημα είναι κατά βάση μονοπολιτισμικό. Οι εκπαιδευτικοί αναφέρουν ότι δυσκολεύονται να ανταπεξέλθουν στο έργο τους λόγω έλλειψης επιμόρφωσης και υποδομών, ενώ κάποια προσφυγόπουλα βιώνουν την περιθωριοποίηση στα πλαίσια μίας ένταξης που το ελληνικό εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα δεν προσδιορίζει σαφώς και αποτυγχάνει να διασφαλίσει επαρκώς.
Investigation of wine fermentation of three-leaf cayratia (Cayratia trifolia L.) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.1
Authors: Kieu Tien Doan Thi , Quoc Binh Le Doan , Ngoc Mi Huynh Thi , Thanh Nguyen Ngoc , Dang Long Bui Hoang , Phuong Dung Ngo Thi , Toan Ha Thanh , Phong Huynh Xuan
Published: March 2024

Background Cayratia trifolia has been extensively studied for its bioactive components and medicinal properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the fermentation ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.1 yeast to determine suitable fermentation conditions. Methods The initial sugar content for three-leaf cayratia fermentation and fermentation efficiency were calculated. The temperature for three-leaf cayratia fermentation, incubation time, and preliminary 1 liter of three-leaf cayratia wine fermentation were determined. All treatments showed that the total sugar content decreased after 9 days of fermentation compared to the initial level. Temperature during fermentation has a direct effect on yeast activity. Temperature increases the growth of yeast and speed of enzyme activity. The fermentation time changes depending on temperature, initial soluble solid contents, and yeast strains, leading to changes in the ethanol content after the end of fermentation. Results The results showed that the S. cerevisiae 2.1 was able to ferment at room temperature with an initial pH of 4.5, 24 °Brix, and a yeast density of 107 cells/mL. The appropriate fermentation conditions determined for S. cerevisiae 2.1 were 24 °Brix and incubation at room temperature (28-33°C) with a fermentation time of 11 days. Conclusion In 1-L scale fermentation, three-leaf cayratia wine had 9.46% (v/v) and the fermentation efficiency was 90.34%. The wine produced had a unique color, flavor, and aroma that met the sensory evaluation of the Vietnamese national standard TCVN-3217:79.
Teaching critical thinking about health information and choices in secondary schools: human-centred design of digital resources
Authors: Rosenbaum Sarah , Moberg Jenny , Chesire Faith , Mugisha Michael , Ssenyonga Ronald , Ochieng Marlyn A , Simbi Clarisse Marie Claudine , Nakyejwe Esther , Ngatia Benson , Rada Gabriel , Vásquez-Laval Juan , Garrido José Damián , Baguma Grace , Kuloba Sam , Sebukyu Edward , Kabanda Richard , Mwenyango Irene , Muzaale Tonny , Nandi Pamela , Njue Jane , Oyuga Cyril , Rutiyomba Florian , Rugengamanzi Felecien , Murungi Joan , Nsangi Allen , Semakula Daniel , Kaseje Margaret , Sewankambo Nelson , Nyirazinyoye Laetitia , Lewin Simon , Oxman Andrew D , Oxman Matt
Published: March 2024

Background Learning to thinking critically about health information and choices can protect people from unnecessary suffering, harm, and resource waste. Earlier work revealed that children can learn these skills, but printing costs and curricula compatibility remain important barriers to school implementation. We aimed to develop a set of digital learning resources for students to think critically about health that were suitable for use in Kenyan, Rwandan, and Ugandan secondary schools. Methods We conducted work in two phases collaborating with teachers, students, schools, and national curriculum development offices using a human-centred design approach. First, we conducted context analyses and an overview of teaching strategies, prioritised content and collected examples. Next, we developed lessons and guidance iteratively, informed by data from user-testing, individual and group interviews, and school pilots. Results Final resources include online lesson plans, teachers’ guide, and extra resources, with lesson plans in two modes, for use in a classroom equipped with a blackboard/ﬂip-chart and a projector. The resources are accessible offline for use when electricity or Internet is lacking. Teachers preferred the projector mode, as it provided structure and a focal point for class attention. Feedback was largely positive, with teachers and students appreciating the learning and experiencing it as relevant. Four main challenges included time to teach lessons; incorrect comprehension; identifying suitable examples; and technical, logistical, and behavioural challenges with a student-computer mode that we piloted. We resolved challenges by simplifying and combining lessons; increasing opportunities for review and assessment; developing teacher training materials, creating a searchable set of examples; and deactivating the student-computer mode. Conclusion Using a human-centred design approach, we created digital resources for teaching secondary school students to think critically about health actions and for training teachers. Be smart about your health resources are open access and can be translated or adapted to other settings.
A cross-sectional study on serum uric acid as an early marker in predicting the mortality and morbidity in patients with sepsis
Authors: Chaudhari Pranav , Wanjari Dr. Anil
Published: March 2024

Introduction Sepsis is a critical medical condition characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection, often resulting in acute organ dysfunction. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential for improving outcomes in sepsis patients. This study protocol outlines a cross-sectional investigation into the potential prognostic value of serum uric acid levels in sepsis cases, aiming to contribute to the early identification and management of this life-threatening condition. Methods The study will be conducted at the Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital in Wardha District. Patients aged 18 years and above, diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock according to the Third International Consensus definition, will be included. Detailed clinical data will be collected, including comorbidities, vital signs, and organ dysfunction scores. Serum uric acid levels will be measured upon admission and at recovery from sepsis or seven days of non-recovery. Expected outcomes The primary outcome is assessing whether serum uric acid levels can be an early marker for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. Secondary outcomes include evaluating the correlation between uric acid levels and mortality rates, organ dysfunction severity, inflammatory response, treatment response, and hospital length of stay. Additionally, serum uric acid’s prognostic value will be compared with established biomarkers for sepsis.
Effect of Maraviroc and/or Favipiravir plus systemic steroids versus systemic steroids only on the viral load of adults with severe COVID-19: clinical trial
Authors: Medina Elba , Sanchez-Sandoval Ana Laura , Barrón-Palma Eira Valeria , Espinosa-García Ana María , Villalobos-Osnaya Alma Maria de la Luz , León-Hernández Mireya , Hernández-Medel María Luisa , Hernández-Ruiz Joselin , Medeiros Mara , Cedro-Tanda Alberto , Pérez-García Adolfo , Pérez-Navarro Lucía Monserrat
Published: March 2024

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created the need to evaluate drugs such as favipiravir (FPV), an antiviral inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp), and Maraviroc (MVC), an antiretroviral that antagonizes the chemokine receptor CCR5, which could affect the modulation of inflammation and viral replication in the treatment of COVID-19. We sought to evaluate the effect of MVC and/or FPV plus systemic steroid (SS) vs. SS alone on the viral load and progression to critical disease. Methods Sixteen patients with severe COVID-19 were evaluated in three treatment arms: 1) SS only (n=6), 2) SS plus one test drug MVC or FPV (n=5), and 3) SS plus both test drugs (MVC and FPV, n=5). The viral load was determined for N, E, and RdRp viral genes. Results A significant decrease in viral load was observed in the three treatment groups, with a larger effect size in the group that combined SS with both test drugs. The E, N, and RdRp genes with Cohen’s d were 120%, 123%, and 50%, respectively. Conclusions The largest effect on viral load reduction, as measured by effect size, was observed in the combination treatment group; however, no statistical significance was found, and it did not prevent progression to critical illness.
Evidence of validation in a strategy development model structure in public health schools
Authors: Correia Lima Reis Carlos Augusto , Nascimento do Carmo Cleber , Santos Nascimento Filho Aloísio , Lima de Souza Ana Luiza
Published: March 2024

Background Scientific investigations utilizing the questionnaire methodology for data acquisition mandate a rigorous validation process for their research instruments. This imperative arises from the need to mitigate biases and uphold impartiality in the derived results. Regrettably, a lack of awareness persists among researchers regarding this pivotal requirement within the methodological framework. Although comprehensive validation typically unfolds across multiple stages, the present study is dedicated exclusively to the structural validation phase. Methods A questionnaire with 18 closed questions (observable variables) was administered across 12 units in different regions of Brazil. Data were classified according to a Likert scale, which ranges from 1 to 5, representing the participants’ degree of agreement in relation to 8 characteristics proposed for the model (latent variables). The research involved 75 participants who answered the research instrument between March and August 2023. To define the structure of the model, the data were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis, with the support of the Factor Analysis software. Results Findings suggested a structure was organized into two factors, called internal and external factors, according to the degree of governability that the SPH has in relation to the proposed items. Conclusion The validation evidence indicates a structure composed of two factors for the better organization of the items of a strategy development model in Schools of Public Health, in Brazil.
Executive function and decision-making in Colombian patients with paranoid schizophrenia
Authors: Acosta-Lopez JE , Cervantes-Henriquez M L , Téllez-Bustillo S , Ahmad Mostapha , Sanchez-Rojas Manuel , Paredes-Manrique C N , Zegarra-Valdivia J A
Published: March 2024

Background Schizophrenia (SCZD) is a mental disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction, impaired decision-making abilities, abnormalities in brain functioning, and specific genetic markers. Ethnic and racial factors influence the development and presentation of schizophrenia, with different groups experiencing different levels of risk and exhibiting different patterns of mental disorders. Objective We sought to investigate the executive function and decision-making profile of Schizophrenia participants from Barranquilla, Colombia, which have a high genetic mixture and significant ethnic and racial diversity. Methods The sample consists of 40 individuals, 20 diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and 20 controls. We use the BANFE neuropsychological battery and the Iowa Gambling task to measure executive function and decision-making processes. Results The study found differences in cognitive performance, measured by the Neuropsychological Battery of Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes, in the medial orbit, anterior prefrontal, dorsolateral, and total executive function measures. In decision-making, as measured by the Iowa Gambling Test, there were also differences between the two groups, with those with schizophrenia performing worse and showing a preference for disadvantageous options. The study also found that there were no significant differences in socio-demographic characteristics between the two groups but that there were differences in terms of socio-economic status and educational level. Conclusion This study found that individuals with paranoid schizophrenia had significant differences in their prefrontal cortex compared to those without the condition, specifically in the dorsolateral and orbital-prefrontal cortex. These differences may be linked to difficulties adjusting to their environment and processing reinforcement, leading to impaired learning and arousal disturbances.
Case Report: Burn injury on left hand ulceration and gangrene and debridement “Case report.”
Authors: Warghane Utkarsh , Sharma Ranjana , Warghane Ashish , Meshram Pritam
Published: March 2024

Electricity constitutes a fundamental component of contemporary life, powering the majority of our appliances and devices, including indispensable once such as refrigerators. Nonetheless, it is of paramount importance to exercise the utmost caution when dealing with electricity, as even the slightest oversight or wiring hazard can precipitate tragic consequences, including loss of life. A 27-year-old male presented to the hospital with burns on his thighs and feet. He reported a history of an electrical burn on his right hand caused by an electrical socket at home while attempting to replace a light bulb. The wire from the socket came into contact with his thigh and foot. Initially, the family took him to a private hospital, but he was subsequently referred to a tertiary healthcare facility. The patient had a history of loss of consciousness at home and no reported chest discomfort, head trauma, or breathlessness. There was no family history of diabetes or hypertension. Initial, the family took him to a private hospital, but he was subsequently referred to tertiary healthcare facility. the patient had history of loss of consciousness at home and no reported chest discomfort, head trauma, or breathlessness. There was no family history of diabetes or hypertension. Initially investigating included a colour dropper study of the right hand and an x- rays. The patient underwent wound dressing using aseptic techniques and was admitted to the surgical intensive care unit for further management. An imperative aspect of education and awareness involves the proper instruction for safely handling electrical equipment, the use of appropriate clothing and protective gear while handling such equipment and the importance of switching off power supplies to reduce the incidence rate of such incidences.
Interactive Learning System for Learning Calculus
Authors: Rahman Md Asifur , Sook Ling Lew , Yin Ooi Shih
Published: March 2024

Background IT tools has brought a new perspective to collaborative learning where students do not just sit in a chair and swallow lecture content but instead participate in creating and sharing knowledge. However, calculus learning augmented reality application has limitation in promoting a human collaboration in learning. Purpose This research develops an interactive application for learning calculus that promotes human-system interaction via augmented reality (AR) and human-human interaction through chat functions. The study examines the effect of both interactivities on learning experience and how that learning experience affects the performance of learning. Methods The research adopted a quasi-experimental study design and pre-post test data analysis to evaluate the effect of interactivities on learning experience and consequently the effect of learning experience on learning performance. The subjects were exposed to the developed application for learning the calculus chapter “Solid of Revolution” in a controlled environment. The study validated its research framework through partial least squares path modelling and tested three hypotheses via pre-and post-test evaluation. Conclusions The results found that both interactivities affect learning experience positively; human-human interactivity has a higher impact than the human-system interactivity. It was also found that learning performance as part of the learning experience increased from pre-test to post-test.
Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Practical Normativity/Normality: Investigating Practices beyond the Public Space
Authors: Bode Ingvild , Huelss Hendrik
Published: March 2024

This essay examines how artificial intelligence (AI) technologies may shape international norms. Following a brief discussion of the ways in which AI technologies pose new governance questions, we reflect on the extent to which norm research in the discipline of International Relations (IR) is equipped to understand how AI technologies shape normative substance. Norm research has typically focused on the impact and failure of norms, offering increasingly diversified models of norm contestation, for instance. But present research has two shortcomings: a near-exclusive focus on modes and contexts of norm emergence and constitution that happen in the public space; and a focus on the workings of a pre-set normativity (ideas of oughtness and justice) that stands in an unclear relationship with normality (ideas of the standard, the average) emerging from practices. Responding to this, we put forward a research programme on AI and practical normativity/normality based on two pillars: first, we argue that operational practices of designing and using AI technologies typically performed outside of the public eye make norms; and second, we emphasise the interplay of normality and normativity as analytically influential in this process. With this, we also reflect on how increasingly relying on AI technologies across diverse policy domains has an under-examined effect on the exercise of human agency. This is important because the normality shaped by AI technologies can lead to forms of non-human generated normativity that risks replacing conventional models about how norms matter in AI-affected policy domains. We close with sketching three future research streams. We conclude that AI technologies are a major, yet still under-researched, challenge for understanding and studying norms. We should therefore reflect on new theoretical perspectives leading to insights that are also relevant for the struggle about top-down forms of AI regulation.
Análise das preparações de um serviço de alimentação hospitalar segundo o Escore para Avaliação Qualitativa de Preparação
Authors: Da Silva Barbosa Suzane , Braga Mattos Jullyana , Adriano Lia Silveira
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A oferta de ambientes alimentares saudáveis e sustentáveis deve contar com a avaliação de cardápios que estejam adequados para além da dimensão nutricional, devendo contemplar, entre outros fatores, o grau de processamento dos alimentos conforme recomendações do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Objetivo: Analisar as preparações de um serviço de alimentação hospitalar segundo o Escore para Avaliação Qualitativa de Preparação. Métodos: O estudo foi do tipo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e analítico, desenvolvido em um serviço de nutrição hospitalar no município de Fortaleza - CE no período de janeiro a junho de 2023. A amostra foi composta por todas as preparações do cardápio de almoço e jantar dos colaboradores, pacientes e acompanhantes. Para análise, foi utilizado o Escore de Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações, que avalia o grau de processamento industrial do ingrediente, além de outras recomendações. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que 80% das 315 preparações foram classificadas como de "alta qualidade”. As sobremesas e saladas apresentaram maior percentual de preparações classificadas como de “alta qualidade”, 97% e 95,7% respectivamente (p <0,001). Uma preparação (1,2%) foi classificada como de "muito baixa qualidade”. A qualidade das refeições dos pacientes foi superior à dos colaboradores e acompanhantes (p < 0,05) confirmando a hipótese do trabalho. Conclusões: A qualidade das preparações analisadas apresentou resultados satisfatórios e em concordância com as recomendações do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira.
POLÍTICA DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA STRICTO SENSU DA REDE MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DE FLORIANÓPOLIS:
Authors: Gomes Juliana Priscila , Hobold Márcia Souza
Published: March 2024

Esta pesquisa focou no objeto de estudo: formação continuada stricto sensu, que tem crescido dentro do corpo docente das escolas básicas na Rede Municipal de Educação de Florianópolis - RMEF. É um artigo com o objetivo de expor as motivações dos/as professores/as que realizam essas formações e as proposições deles, a partir dessa. Para tal, como referencial teórico, o método histórico dialético, por entender que o sujeito é resultado do seu meio, logo influencia e sofre influências do seu espaço, pois, a realidade é um todo inacabado e cheio de contradições. O percurso metodológico realizado foi a abordagem qualitativa, tendo como referências Lüdke e André (2013), Lüdke (2015), Gatti e André (2011). Foram realizadas entrevistas com 9 professores/as, de um universo de 125 (7%) e os dados foram investigados com base na análise de conteúdos defendida por Franco (2018). Dentre as motivações para cursar essa formação estão o percurso acadêmico, reflexão da prática e carreira docente. Os dados mostram que, ao término do estudo investigativo, em regra, o docente volta diretamente para seu posto de trabalho, sem cuidados de contextualização ou valorização desses saberes constituídos por parte do grupo gestor local e/ou municipal. Afirma-se que essa política de formação continuada da RPMF é diferenciada, importante e transformadora para o corpo docente, ampliando repertório, flexibilizando olhares e proporcionando maior segurança para a prática educativa. Palavras-chave: Formação continuada de professores/as; Profissionalização docente; Formação stricto sensu.
O ATENDENTE TERAPÊUTICO E SUAS POSSÍVEIS CONTRIBUIÇÕES NO ESPAÇO ESCOLAR
Authors: Simplicio Celia Candido , Gomes Joanderson de Oliveira
Published: March 2024

O atendente terapêutico (AT) escolar atua como um mediador do processo educativo, em que por meio de sua atuação visa contribuir para a inclusão pedagógica e social de indivíduos/as que precisem dessa intervenção para que suas potencialidades sejam incentivadas. Desse modo, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a importância do atendimento terapêutico, enquanto ação profissional que pode colaborar com a inserção do paciente no espaço social. Tomamos como objeto de análise o relato de experiência de uma AT, através da pesquisa narrativa. Ao longo desse processo foi possível identificar os avanços, na área pedagógica, através da mediação e da relação estabelecida com os/as demais profissionais que compõem a escola em um processo de compreensão e afetação para a promoção de uma inclusão não entendida como ação assistencialista, mas como promotora da participação ativa dos/as sujeitos em seus processos formativos, oportunizando meios para que ele/a se desenvolva em todas as suas potencialidades e possa viver de forma autônoma e independente.
The Art of Listening
Authors: Robson Thomas
Published: March 2024

In order to succeed in the business of measuring sound it helps to be a good listener, especially when it comes to taking note of customer needs, says GRAS Sound & Vibration.
Left lower lobe sleeve resection for the clear cell variant of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Yu Xiao-Hui , Wang Wen-Xiang , Yang De-Song , Gong Liang-Hui
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) is a rare malignancy that arises from minor salivary glands within the tracheobronchial tree. The clear cell variant of PMEC is exceptionally uncommon and presents notable diagnostic challenges, primarily attributable to its morphological similarity to other tumors containing clear cells.

CASE SUMMARY

A 22-year-old male, formerly in good health, came in with a two-month duration of persistent cough and production of sputum. Subsequent imaging and bronchoscopy examinations revealed a 2 cm tumor in the distal left main bronchus, which resulted in complete atelectasis of the left lung. Further assessment via positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans and endoscopic biopsy confirmed the primary malignant nature of the tumor, characterized by clear cell morphology in most of the tumor cells. The patient underwent a left lower lobe sleeve resection accompanied by systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection. Molecular pathology analysis subsequently revealed a CRTC3-MAML2 gene fusion, leading to a definitive pathological diagnosis of the clear cell variant of PMEC, staged as T2N0M0. After surgery, the patient experienced a smooth recovery and exhibited no signs of recurrence during the one-and-a-half-year follow-up period.

CONCLUSION

This article describes an unusual case of a clear cell variant of PMEC characterized by the presence of a CRTC3-MAML2 gene fusion in a 22-year-old male. The patient underwent successful left lower lobe sleeve resection. This case underscores the distinctive challenges associated with diagnosing and treating this uncommon malignancy, underscoring the importance of precise diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.
Chronic infectious unilateral giant thyroid cyst related to diabetes mellitus: A case report
Authors: Liu Jiang-Bo , Zhang Shi-Lei , Jiang Wen-Long , Sun Hai-Kuan , Yang Hao-Chen
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Patients rarely develop complicated infections in thyroid cysts. Here, we describe a patient with chronic infected unilateral giant thyroid cyst related to diabetes mellitus (DM).

CASE SUMMARY

A 66-year-old male was admitted due to an evident neck lump for 5 d after approximately 40 years of gradually progressive neck mass and 7 years of DM. Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography scan showed a giant lump in the left thyroid gland lobe. He was diagnosed with a large thyroid nodule complicated by tracheal dislocation and had surgical indications. Surgical exploration revealed evident inflammatory edema and exudation between the left anterior neck muscles, the nodule and glandular tissue. Fortunately, inflammatory lesions did not affect major neck vessels. Finally, a left partial thyroidectomy was performed. Macroscopic observation showed that the cystic thyroid mass consisted of extensive cystic wall calcification and was rich in massive rough sand-like calculi content and purulent matter. Postoperative pathology confirmed benign thyroid cyst with chronic infection.

CONCLUSION

The progression of this chronic infectious unilateral giant thyroid cyst may have been related to DM, and identifying blood vessels involvement can prevent serious complications during operation.
Multiple thoracic and abdominal foregut duplication cysts: A case report
Authors: Alsinan Tuqa Adil , Altokhais Tariq Ibrahim
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Congenital enteric duplication cysts are tubular or cystic structures that normally lie alongside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Enteric duplication cysts are typically solitary lesions that occur anywhere near the GI tract from the neck to the rectum, but having multiple duplication cysts is rare, and presentation within the pancreas is extremely rare.

CASE SUMMARY

We herein demonstrate a case of esophageal, gastric, and gastric-type duplication cyst of the pancreas in a seventeen-month-old girl who presented with failure to thrive, abdominal pain, vomiting, hematemesis, and melena since the age of three months. The cysts were excised by thoracoscopy and laparoscopy in the same setting. To our knowledge, no such case has been published.

CONCLUSION

Enteric duplications can occur throughout the entire alimentary tract. When they occur in the pancreas, they present a formidable challenge in both diagnosis and treatment. Due to the risk of complications and malignant transformation, surgical removal is the recommended treatment of all duplication cysts.
Detection of 4p16.3 deletion and 11p15.5p15.4 gain in a boy by comparative genomic hybridization array: A case report
Authors: Kaya Işın
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) of segmental duplications or low copy repeats (LCRs) result in DNA gain/loss and play an important role in the origin of genomic disorders.

CASE SUMMARY

A 3-year- old boy was referred for genetic analysis. Comparative genomic hybridization array analysis revealed a loss of 3776 kb in the 4p16.3 chromosomal region and a gain of 3201 kb in the 11p15.5p15.4 chromosomal region.

CONCLUSION

Genomic imbalances caused by NAHR in LCRs result in deletion and duplication syndromes.
Noise silencer design using triply periodic minimal surfaces
Authors: TOTU Andrei-George , OLARIU Cristian-Teodor , TOTU Andreea-Catalina , TRIFU Andrei-Tudor
Published: March 2024

Noise reduction is a problem of great global interest, as we are surrounded by machines that produce noise emissions in one way or another. The 20th century saw the start of a strong development in noise reduction methods, with different methods being developed over the years, but the greatest advances in their application have been seen in recent decades. The proposed solution aims to solve the limitations of classic noise attenuators by combining two effects, destructive interference and Helmholtz resonator, and introducing a slightly atypical geometry compared to classic designs. The proposed geometry was mathematically defined a long time ago, but in recent years it has become of great interest in various fields, from CO2 capture to heat exchangers.
The quantum states for Hydrogen atom: spherical harmonics and the orbitals geometrical representation
Authors: CONSTANTIN D. , PREDA L. , MOCANU A. A. , POPESCU D. , PRICOPI D. , NICULESCU V. I.
Published: March 2024

Our work utilizes the quantum model of the hydrogen atom which is based on the Schrödinger equation with Coulomb potential. Specifically, we concentrate on the angular components of the wave eigenfunctions derived from this model. We consider the quantum states with n ≤ 4. In order to visualize the orbital shapes of these states, we built in the spherical coordinates system their 3D geometric representations. Furthermore, we use the corresponding spherical harmonics, to calculate the θ nodal values that describe the configurations of these orbital states.
From Articulation to Validation: Balancing Research-based Best Practices and Program Needs in Spanish Placement Test Development
Authors: Bonilla Carrie L.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article details the challenges and best practices of evaluating second language learners for placement into postsecondary Spanish language courses. The literature on testing for placement purposes in second language acquisition and language testing provides a great deal of insight, but language programs must make many decisions as well that draw from their specific student base and program characteristics to develop appropriate instruments that can reliably serve to evaluate students' abilities. Detailing the development and validation of an in-house online placement test at a large university, and supported by research on second language acquisition, this study focuses on the steps used to develop test content, pilot the test, and evaluate results after test deployment for reliability and validity. It is intended to contribute to research on second language testing and program development, as well as serve as a blueprint for language programs on redacting second language placement testing instruments.
Underwater image restoration via adaptive color correction and dehazing
Authors: Zhang Jiening , Yu Qing , Hou Guojia
Published: March 2024

Due to the absorbing and scattering effects, underwater images are often degraded by low contrast, color cast, and haze, which have limited their further applications to underwater vision task. To address this issue, we propose a hybrid framework by adaptive color correction and dehazing for underwater image restoration. Specifically, according to the color attenuation principle, we first design an adaptive color compensation strategy to correct the color cast of the underwater image. In addition, based on an underwater image formation model, we develop a robust dehazing algorithm, in which a new scoring formula across three indicators (i.e., darkness, distance, and blurriness) and a double-max DCP method are proposed to estimate the background light and transmission map, respectively. The experimental results validate that the proposed method is effective in color correction and dehazing. Both qualitative and quantitative comparisons further demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.
Near-infrared reflecting/transmitting smart windows based on chiral nematic liquid crystals with enhanced electrically switching performance
Authors: Jafarimoghadam Mehdi , Mohammadimasoudi Mohammad , Zali Mohsen , Yazdi Kaveh
Published: March 2024

This paper addresses global warming concerns stemming from energy consumption, particularly in buildings, which contribute 40% to global energy use. Smart windows that reflect near-infrared radiation have emerged as a solution to reduce indoor temperatures. Chiral nematic liquid crystals (CLCs) play a crucial role in this technology. Numerous approaches have been explored for regulating indoor temperatures using liquid crystals. Despite achieving ideal transparency, rapid switching speeds, negligible power consumption, and user control over switching, reported samples often face challenges when attempting to revert from either the focal conic state or the transmitting state back to the initial reflecting state. In this work, for the first time to our knowledge, CLC cells with electrical reversibility are visually demonstrated rapidly switching between reflective and transmitting modes. Cell thickness emerged as a pivotal factor in achieving smart window reversibility, with 3 µm identified as the optimal choice. Samples exhibited effective IR reflection, high visible transparency, and complete reversibility, marking a significant step toward practical smart windows to combat global warming.
3D nanoprinted catadioptric fiber sensor for dual-axis distance measurement during vitrectomy
Authors: Lux Florian , Calikoglu Aybuke , Klusmann Carolin , Hillenbrand Matthias , Ataman Çağlar
Published: March 2024

Retinal damage is a common intraoperative complication during vitrectomy, caused by a complex interplay between the suction of the vitrectome, the cut- and aspiration rate, and the distance of the instrument to the retina. To control this last factor, we developed two miniaturized fiber-optic distance sensors based on low-coherence interferometry for direct integration into the vitrectome. Both sensors have a diameter of 250 µm, which makes them compatible with a 25G vitrectome. The first sensor measures distance in the lateral direction. The second sensor is capable of simultaneously measuring distance in both the lateral and the axial direction. Axial and lateral directions correspond to the direction of the cutter port of the vitrectome and the direction along the vitrectome’s shaft, respectively. In both sensors, a free-form mirror deflects and focuses the beam in the lateral direction. In the dual-axis distance sensor, an additional lens is integrated into the free-form mirror for distance measurement in the axial direction. The beam-shaping micro-optics at the tip of the sensor fibers were fabricated through two-photon polymerization and are selectively gold coated for increased reflectivity of the mirror. Distance measurements were successfully demonstrated in artificial samples and in ex vivo pig eyes with a back-end that uses a current-tuned VCSEL as a swept-source. We experimentally demonstrate that the complete sensor system can attain a SNRmax of up to 80 dB. The small dimensions of the developed sensors make them a potential solution for various other medical applications.
All-solid-state ultrafast 2 µm laser with 1.83  W output power
Authors: Mao Jiajia , Hu Ping , Zhou Xue , Zhang Baitao , Li Tao , Feng Tianli , He Jingliang , Yang Kejian
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a high-power all-solid-state ultrafast 2 µm mode-locked laser is investigated. The particularity of this laser is the simultaneous utilization of two Tm:YAP crystals in the same resonant cavity, independently pumped by two laser diodes. Using a 20% output coupler, pulses with output power as high as 1.83 W are achieved at a wavelength of 1938 nm with a pulse duration of 1.97 ps and a pulse repetition frequency of 100 MHz. To our knowledge, this mode-locked laser achieves the highest output power of any mode-locked Tm:YAP ultrafast laser reported to date. In addition, this paper provides a new approach to solve the problem of low output power due to multi-mode low-brightness laser diode pumping.
Generation of high-energy, sub-20 fs deep-UV pulses in a twin-crystal third harmonic generation scheme
Authors: Susnjar Peter , Kurdi Gabor , Cinquegrana Paolo , Demidovich Alexander , Nikolov Ivaylo , Sigalotti Paolo , Danailov Miltcho B.
Published: March 2024

Ultrashort deep ultraviolet (DUV) pulses serve as indispensable tools for investigating molecular dynamics on the femtosecond scale. Nonlinear frequency upconversion of near-infrared (NIR) light sources in a sequence of nonlinear crystals is a common method for their generation. However, preserving the temporal duration of the starting source encounters challenges owing to phase-matching bandwidth limitations within the harmonic generation process. Here we propose an approach for circumventing this limitation and demonstrate it for the case of generation of the third harmonic of 800 nm pulses in a two-stage scheme (second harmonic generation succeeded by sum-frequency mixing of the fundamental and second harmonic pulses). Expanding the bandwidth of the DUV pulse involves the utilization for the last mixing process of two nonlinear crystals, detuned to convert opposite sides of the spectrum. The implementation of this approach yields 20 µJ, 263 nm DUV pulses as short as 19 fs after compression. The setup is very compact and extremely stable due to the common-path scheme, which makes it very interesting for a variety of advanced ultrafast spectroscopy applications.
Airborne single-photon LiDAR towards a small-sized and low-power payload
Authors: Hong Yu , Liu Shijie , Li Zheng-Ping , Huang Xin , Jiang Pengyu , Xu Yang , Wu Cheng , Zhou Hao , Zhang Yu-Chen , Ren Hai-Lun , Li Zhao-Hui , Jia Jianjun , Zhang Qiang , Li Chunlai , Xu Feihu , Wang Jian-Yu , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: March 2024

Single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has played an important role in areas ranging from target identification and 3D imaging to remote sensing. Its high sensitivity provides the feasibility of lightweight LiDAR systems for the resource-limited airborne and spaceborne platforms. Here, we design and demonstrate an airborne single-photon LiDAR towards the compact, small-sized, and low-power payload. To reduce the system size, we utilize small telescopes with an optical aperture of 47 mm and develop the sub-pixel scanning approach to enhance the imaging resolution. With the fine scanning mirrors, we validate the super-resolution ability in the ground experiment by surpassing the system’s resolution by 2.5 times and achieve high-resolution 3D imaging in the airborne experiment. To realize low-power LiDAR, we employ photon-efficient computational algorithms and high-quality single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays. This enables us to reconstruct images from noisy data even under challenging conditions of two signal photons per pixel. Using the airborne single-photon LiDAR system, we demonstrate 3D imaging during daytime over a large area for remote sensing applications and show the capability to reveal the detailed features of various landforms and objects.
On-chip ultra-high rejection and narrow bandwidth filter based on coherency-broken cascaded cladding-modulated gratings
Authors: Wang Jinzhao , Li Ting , Feng Yang , Li Jiewen , Li Wanxin , Ding Luwei , Yao Yong , Duan Jianan , Liu Wei , He Feng , Zou Yi , Xu Xiaochuan
Published: March 2024

Bragg filters are of essential importance for chip-scale photonic systems. However, the implementation of filters with sub-nanometer bandwidth and rejection beyond 70 dB is hindered by the high index contrast of the silicon-on-insulator platform, which makes filters prone to fabrication imperfections. In this paper, we propose to combine coherency-broken cascading architecture and cladding modulation to circumvent the intrinsic limitation. The cascading architecture effectively prevents the accumulation of phase errors, while the cladding modulation offers additional design freedom to reduce the coupling coefficient. A bimodal Bragg filter with a testing-equipment-limited rejection level of 74 dB and a 40 dB bandwidth of 0.44 nm is experimentally demonstrated. The minimum feature size is 90 nm, which significantly relieves the fabrication constraints.