bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Label-Free Assessment of Neuronal Activity Using Raman Micro-Spectroscopy
Authors: Akagi Yuka , Norimoto Aya , Kawamura Teruhisa , Kida Yasuyuki S.
Published: July 2024

Given the pivotal role of neuronal populations in various biological processes, assessing their collective output is crucial for understanding the nervous system’s complex functions. Building on our prior development of a spiral scanning mechanism for the rapid acquisition of Raman spectra from single cells and incorporating machine learning for label-free evaluation of cell states, we investigated whether the Paint Raman Express Spectroscopy System (PRESS) can assess neuronal activities. We tested this hypothesis by examining the chemical responses of glutamatergic neurons as individual neurons and autonomic neuron ganglia as neuronal populations derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. The PRESS successfully acquired Raman spectra from both individual neurons and ganglia within a few seconds, achieving a signal-to-noise ratio sufficient for detailed analysis. To evaluate the ligand responsiveness of the induced neurons and ganglia, the Raman spectra were subjected to principal component and partial least squares discriminant analyses. The PRESS detected neuronal activity in response to glutamate and nicotine, which were absent in the absence of calcium. Additionally, the PRESS induced dose-dependent neuronal activity changes. These findings underscore the capability of the PRESS to assess individual neuronal activity and elucidate neuronal population dynamics and pharmacological responses, heralding new opportunities for drug discovery and regenerative medicine advancement.
Atomistic Modeling of Quaternized Chitosan Head Groups: Insights into Chemical Stability and Ion Transport for Anion Exchange Membrane Applications
Authors: Karibayev Mirat , Myrzakhmetov Bauyrzhan , Bekeshov Dias , Wang Yanwei , Mentbayeva Almagul
Published: July 2024

The chemical stability and ion transport properties of quaternized chitosan (QCS)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were explored using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. DFT calculations of LUMO energies, reaction energies, and activation energies revealed an increasing stability trend among the head groups: propyl trimethyl ammonium chitosan (C) < oxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chitosan (B) < 2-hydroxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chitosan (A) at hydration levels (HLs) of 0 and 3. Subsequently, all-atom MD simulations evaluated the diffusion of hydroxide ions (OH−) through mean square displacement (MSD) versus time curves. The diffusion coefficients of OH− ions for the three types of QCS (A, B, and C) were observed to increase monotonically with HLs ranging from 3 to 15 and temperatures from 298 K to 350 K. Across different HLs and temperatures, the three QCS variants exhibited comparable diffusion coefficients, underlining their effectiveness in vehicular transport of OH− ions.
Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Aromatic Cyclic Schiff Bases via Non-Covalent Interactions
Authors: Li Lun , Zhou Pengfei , Wen Jiali , Sun Panli , Guo Zongxia
Published: July 2024

One of the challenging issues that hinders the application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is the poor solubility and the inevitable formation of bundles. Efforts still need to be made towards solving the problem. Herein, we report a non-covalent strategy to disperse aggregated SWCNTs by aromatic cyclic Schiff bases assisted by ultrasonic techniques. The aromatic cyclic Schiff base (OMM) was synthesized via Schiff base reactions, and the molecular structure was determined by ATR-FT-IR, solid-state 13C-NMR, and HRMS. Although the yielded product showed poor solubility in aqueous solution and organic solvents, it could interact with and disperse the aggregated SWCNTs in dimethyl formamide (DMF) under the condition of ultrasound. UV-vis-NIR, FL, Raman spectra, AFM, and TEM, along with computer simulations, provide evidence for the interactions between OMM molecules and SWCNTs and the dispersion thereof. The semiconductive (7,5), (8,6), (12,1), and (9,7)-SWCNTs expressed a preference for dissolution. The capability of dispersion is contributed by π-π, C-H·π, and lone pair (lp)·π interactions between OMM and SWCNTs based on the simulated results. The present non-covalent strategy could provide inspiration for preparing organic cyclic compounds as dispersants for SWCNTs and then facilitate their further utilization.
Detecting mir-155-3p through a Molecular Beacon Bead-Based Assay
Authors: Moreira David , Alexandre Daniela , Miranda André , Lourenço Pedro , Baptista Pedro V. , Tomaz Cândida , Lu Yi , Cruz Carla
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer (LC) is recognized as one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide, underscoring an urgent need for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for several diseases and their progression, such as LC. However, traditional methods for detecting and quantifying miRNAs, such as PCR, are time-consuming and expensive. Herein, we used a molecular beacon (MB) bead-based assay immobilized in a microfluidic device to detect miR-155-3p, which is frequently overexpressed in LC. The assay relies on the fluorescence enhancement of the MB upon binding to the target miRNA via Watson and Crick complementarity, resulting in a conformational change from a stem–loop to a linear structure, thereby bringing apart the fluorophores at each end. This assay was performed on a microfluidic platform enabling rapid and straightforward target detection. We successfully detected miR-155-3p in a saline solution, obtaining a limit of detection (LOD) of 42 nM. Furthermore, we evaluated the method’s performance in more complex biological samples, including A549 cells’ total RNA and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) spiked with the target miRNA. We achieved satisfactory recovery rates, especially in A549 cells’ total RNA.
Reducing Brain Edema Using Berotralstat, an Inhibitor of Bradykinin, Repurposed as Treatment Adjunct in Glioblastoma
Authors: Kast Richard E.
Published: July 2024

Glioblastomas synthesize, bear receptors for, and respond to bradykinin, triggering migration and proliferation. Since centrifugal migration into uninvolved surrounding brain tissue occurs early in the course of glioblastoma, this attribute defeats local treatment attempts and is the primary reason current treatments almost always fail. Stopping bradykinin-triggered migration would be a step closer to control of this disease. The recent approval and marketing of an oral plasma kallikrein inhibitor, berotralstat (Orladeyo™), and pending FDA approval of a similar drug, sebetralstat, now offers a potential method for reducing local bradykinin production at sites of bradykinin-mediated glioblastoma migration. Both drugs are approved for treating hereditary angioedema. They are ideal for repurposing as a treatment adjunct in glioblastoma. Furthermore, it has been established that peritumoral edema, a common problem during the clinical course of glioblastoma, is generated in large part by locally produced bradykinin via kallikrein action. Both brain edema and the consequent use of corticosteroids both shorten survival in glioblastoma. Therefore, by (i) migration inhibition, (ii) growth inhibition, (iii) edema reduction, and (iv) the potential for less use of corticosteroids, berotralstat may be of service in treatment of glioblastoma, slowing disease progression. This paper recounts the details and past research on bradykinin in glioblastoma and the rationale of treating it with berotralstat.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Carbon and Nitrogen in Subtropical Urban Streams (Santo André, SP, Brazil)
Authors: Luciano Marilena M. , Espeçoto Rafaella M. T. , Benassi Roseli F. , Schiesari Luís C. , Smith Welber S. , Fushita Ângela T. , Taniwaki Ricardo H.
Published: July 2024

Urban sprawl poses a significant threat to urban stream water quality due to impermeabilization, reduced vegetation cover, and the release of diffuse pollutants. This study evaluates water quality in seven catchments in Santo André, SP, considering seasonality. Nutrient concentrations and in situ measurements were taken during both dry and rainy seasons. Comparisons were made using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. Streams showed significant differences in relation to water quality parameters. The Carapetuba, Jundiaí, and Apiaí streams were most adversely affected, underscoring the need for urgent water quality intervention (water conductivity above 500 μS/cm, dissolved oxygen below 2 mg/L, total dissolved carbon above 50 mg/L, and total dissolved nitrogen above 25 mg/L). Significant differences were observed across seasons. The dry season showed elevated temperatures (above 25 °C) and increased total dissolved carbon (above 50 mg/L) and nitrogen concentrations (above 30 mg/L), indicating reduced dilution effects from rainfall and heightened organic contamination. Conversely, the wet season demonstrated lower nutrient concentrations, emphasizing seasonal dynamics. Sustained, long-term monitoring of urban streams in Santo André and the implementation of sewage collection and treatment in irregular settlements are recommended. These measures are essential to mitigate the adverse impacts of urban expansion on water quality.
Antiglycation Effect of Jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) and Its Potential Role in Delaying Cataract Formation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ridwan Arif Yanuar , Shimozu Yuki , Narang Nikesh , Kometani Takashi , Yamashita Yusuke , Kim Young-Il
Published: July 2024

Jabuticaba fruit (Plinia cauliflora) is widely consumed in various forms such as juice, jam, wine, and liquors; however, its potential therapeutic effects on diabetic complications remain inadequately explored. We aimed to investigate the potential antiglycation activity of Jabuticaba, identify the active compounds through bioassay-guided fractionation, and assess its effects on cataract formation in a Streptozotocin-induced diabetic type 1 rat model. Through bioassay-guided fractionation, we identified gallic acid (IC50: 24.7 µg/mL), protocatechuic acid (IC50: 1.22 µg/mL), and an ellagitannin, Repandinin B (IC50: 0.55 µg/mL), as active compounds contributing to antiglycation effects. In the animal study, the addition of Jabuticaba juice extract to the drinking water at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v) for 12 weeks demonstrated an amelioration in cataract progression. These results suggest that Jabuticaba has high antiglycation effects leading to the delaying of cataract formation in type 1 diabetes.
Saliva-Based Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using OMICS Technologies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Esperouz Fariba , Ciavarella Domenico , Santarelli Andrea , Lorusso Mauro , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Laino Luigi , Lo Russo Lucio
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a major public health challenge worldwide, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being the predominant form. Despite advances in treatment, OSCC remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic efficacy. This study reviews omics technologies to assess new salivary biomarkers for the early detection of OSCC. (2) Methods: A comprehensive literature search in the last 20 years identified four relevant studies focusing on salivary biomarkers in OSCC. (3) Results: Proteomic and genomic analyses revealed significant changes in salivary composition between OSCC patients and healthy controls, suggesting promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, studies showed varying degrees of bias, indicating the need for further research and improved standardization. (4) Conclusions: Saliva, with its advantages of ease of collection, minimal invasiveness, and potential for large-scale screening, is an emerging promising substrate for non-invasive biomarker research. Nonetheless, there is a need for improved biomarker sensitivity and specificity; currently, histological examination remains the golden standard.
Ultrafast Modulations in Stellar, Solar and Galactic Spectra: Dark Matter and Numerical Ghosts, Stellar Flares and SETI
Authors: Tamburini Fabrizio , Licata Ignazio
Published: July 2024

Background: From new results presented in the literature we discuss the hypothesis, presented in an our previous work, that the ultrafast periodic spectral modulations at fS=0.607±0.08 THz found in the spectra of 236 stars of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) were due to oscillations induced by dark matter (DM) cores in their centers that behave as oscillating boson stars. Two other frequencies were found by Borra in the redshift-corrected SDSS galactic spectra, f1,G=9.71−0.19+0.20 THz and f2,G=9.17−0.16+0.18 THz; the latter was then shown by Hippke to be a spurious frequency introduced by the data analysis procedure. Results: Within the experimental errors, the frequency f1,G is the beating of the two frequencies, the spurious one, f2,G and fS that was also independently detected in a real solar spectrum, but not in the Kurucz’s artificial solar spectrum by Hippke, suggesting that fS could actually be a real frequency. Independent SETI observations by Isaacson et al., taken at different epochs, of four of these 236 stars could not confirm with high confidence—without completely excluding—the presence of fS in their power spectra and with the same power initially observed. Instead, the radio SETI deep-learning analysis with artificial intelligence (AI) gave an indirect confirmation of the presence of fS through the detection of a narrowband Doppler drifting of the observed radio signals in two stars, over a sample of 7 with a high S/N. These two stars belong to the set of the 236 SDSS stars. Numerical simulations confirm that this drifting can be due to frequency and phase modulation in time of the observed frequencies (1.3–1.7 GHz) with fS. Conclusions: Assuming the DM hypothesis, the upper mass limit of the axion-like DM particle is ma≃2.4×103μeV, in agreement with the results from the gamma ray burst GRB221009A, laser interferometry experiments, suggesting new physics with additional axion-like particle fields for the muon g-2 anomaly.
Deformed Shell Model Applications to Weak Interaction Processes
Authors: Sahu R. , Kota V. K. B. , Kosmas T. S.
Published: July 2024

The deformed shell model (DSM), based on Hartree–Fock intrinsic states with angular momentum projection and band mixing, has been found to be quite successful in describing many spectroscopic properties of nuclei in the A = 60–100 region. More importantly, DSM has been used recently with good success in calculating nuclear structure factors, which are needed for a variety of weak interaction processes. In this article, in addition to giving an overview of this, we discuss the applications of DSM to obtain cross-sections for coherent and incoherent neutrino nucleus scattering on 96,98,100Mo targets and also for obtaining two neutrino double beta decay nuclear transition matrix elements for 100Mo.
Hard Ticks as Vectors: The Emerging Threat of Tick-Borne Diseases in India
Authors: Perumalsamy Nandhini , Sharma Rohit , Subramanian Muthukumaravel , Nagarajan Shriram Ananganallur
Published: July 2024

Hard ticks (Ixodidae) play a critical role in transmitting various tick-borne diseases (TBDs), posing significant global threats to human and animal health. Climatic factors influence the abundance, diversity, and vectorial capacity of tick vectors. It is imperative to have a comprehensive understanding of hard ticks, pathogens, eco-epidemiology, and the impact of climatic changes on the transmission dynamics of TBDs. The distribution and life cycle patterns of hard ticks are influenced by diverse ecological factors that, in turn, can be impacted by changes in climate, leading to the expansion of the tick vector’s range and geographical distribution. Vector competence, a pivotal aspect of vectorial capacity, involves the tick’s ability to acquire, maintain, and transmit pathogens. Hard ticks, by efficiently feeding on diverse hosts and manipulating their immunity through their saliva, emerge as competent vectors for various pathogens, such as viruses, parasites and bacteria. This ability significantly influences the success of pathogen transmission. Further exploration of genetic diversity, population structure, and hybrid tick vectors is crucial, as they play a substantial role in influencing vector competence and complicating the dynamics of TBDs. This comprehensive review deals with important TBDs in India and delves into a profound understanding of hard ticks as vectors, their biology, and the factors influencing their vector competence. Given that TBDs continue to pose a substantial threat to global health, the review emphasizes the urgency of investigating tick control strategies and advancing vaccine development. Special attention is given to the pivotal role of population genetics in comprehending the genetic diversity of tick populations and providing essential insights into their adaptability to environmental changes.
Epistemic Injustices in Disaster Theory and Management
Authors: García Álvarez Alicia
Published: July 2024

The present paper argues that the standardised treatment of disaster research and practice perpetuates the production of systematic epistemic injustices against victims of disasters. On the one hand, disaster victims are often prevented from contributing with their opinions and knowledge to the processes of disaster mitigation and disaster conceptualisation. On the other hand, disaster victims tend to lack the hermeneutical resources to make sense of their experiences intelligibly, due to the existence of significant hermeneutical gaps in the hegemonic terminology on the matter. I argue that both forms of epistemic injustice, the testimonial and the hermeneutical, are sustained by an epistemic privilege between the Global North and the Global South in matters of disasters. The second group comprises what I categorise generally as ‘disaster victims’. I identify two forms of structural prejudice that operate against disaster victims: one is the ‘non-expert’ prejudice, and the other is the colonial prejudice. Finally, because of the intercultural nature of disaster environments, I discuss the field of ‘multicultural competencies’ as a useful form of unveiling and counteracting the epistemic injustices contained in both disaster theory and practice.
The Suppression Effect of an Imaging System on the Geometric Tilt-to-Length Coupling in a Test Mass Interferometer
Authors: Shen Jia , Wang Shaoxin , Qi Keqi , Zhao Mengyang , Liu Heshan , Yang Ran , Li Pan , Tao Wei , Luo Ziren , Gao Ruihong
Published: July 2024

Tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling noise arises from angular misalignments of interfering beams in optical path length (OPL) measurements and significantly impacts the accuracy of interferometry measurement systems. This paper focuses on geometric TTL coupling in a test mass (TM) interferometer and examines how an imaging system influences TTL noise suppression. First, the analytical expression of the geometric TTL coupling in a TM interferometer with alignment errors is derived and confirmed through numerical simulation. Subsequently, an imaging system is incorporated into the geometric model and the corresponding analytical expressions are obtained under two common conjugate relationships. Nevertheless, the TTL coupling remains beyond the requirement of TM interferometer, as the residual TTL coupled with alignment errors persists even with the imaging system. Therefore, an optimal position of the imaging system capable of eliminating the second-order term of the TTL coupling is determined. Meanwhile, the first-order term can be mitigated through in-orbit calibrations. These findings offer valuable guidance for the design and adjustment of imaging systems in space-borne gravitational wave detection missions, which require high-precision laser interferometry.
Nano-Integrated Plant Tissue Culture to Increase the Rate of Callus Induction, Growth, and Curcuminoid Production in Curcuma longa
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Aftab Zill-e-Huma , Anjum Tehmina , Rizwana Humaira , Akram Waheed , Aftab Arusa , Sajid Zahoor Ahmad , Li Guihua
Published: July 2024

Turmeric has attracted a significant amount of interest in recent years due to its strong antimicrobial properties. The tissue culture of turmeric is preferred to obtain disease-free, highest number of plantlets with good uniform chemistry. However, there is a need to increase the speed of the whole process to meet the growing demand for planting materials and to save time and resources. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) showed positive effects on callus initiation time, proliferation rate, percent root response, shoot length, percent rooting, and number of roots per explant. Highest callus induction, i.e., 80%, was recorded in cultures that were grown in the presence of 15 mg/L of Fe3O4 NPs. Callus initiated earlier in culture tubes that received green synthesized iron nanoparticles in a concentration between 10–15 mg/L. Biofabricated nanoparticles were characterized for their size, physiochemical, and optical properties through UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Curcuminoids profiling was performed by implementing LC-Ms that revealed increased quantities in plantlets grown in nano-supplemented media when compared to the control.
Morphological and Pigment Responses to Far-Red and Photosynthetically Active Radiation in an Olive Cultivar Suitable for Super-High-Density Orchards
Authors: Ladux Federico J. , González Carina V. , Trentacoste Eduardo R. , Searles Peter S. , Rousseaux M. Cecilia
Published: July 2024

Plant density is increasing in modern olive orchards to improve yields and facilitate mechanical harvesting. However, greater density can reduce light quantity and modify its quality. The objective was to evaluate plant morphology, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments under different red/far-red ratios and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) combinations in an olive cultivar common to super-high-density orchards. In a greenhouse, young olive trees (cv. Arbequina) were exposed to low (L) or high (H) PAR with or without lateral FR supplementation (L+FR, L-FR, H+FR, H-FR) using neutral-density shade cloth and FR light-emitting diode (LED) modules. Total plant and individual organ biomass were much lower in plants under low PAR than under high PAR, with no response to +FR supplementation. In contrast, several plant morphological traits, such as main stem elongation, individual leaf area, and leaf angle, did respond to both low PAR and +FR. Total chlorophyll content decreased with +FR when PAR was low, but not when PAR was high (i.e., a significant FR*PAR interaction). When evaluating numerous plant traits together, a greater response to +FR under low PAR than under high PAR appeared to occur. These findings suggest that consideration of light quality in addition to quantity facilitates a fuller understanding of olive tree responses to a light environment. The +FR responses found here could lead to changes in hedgerow architecture and light distribution within the hedgerow.
Isotopic Differentiation (δ18OPO4) of Inorganic Phosphorus among Organic Wastes for Nutrient Runoff Tracing Studies: A Summary of the Literature with Refinement of Livestock Estimates for Grand Lake St. Marys Watershed (Ohio)
Authors: Marshall Melanie M. , Jacquemin Stephen J. , Jaqueth Aubrey L.
Published: July 2024

The use of stable isotopes, specifically δ18OPO4 ratios, in differentiating potential sources of inorganic phosphorus (e.g., wastewater, septic, wild animals, domesticated animals, livestock, substrates, or commercial fertilizers) to watersheds is a growing field. This method produces data that, used in conjunction with statistical mixing models, enables a better understanding of contributing sources of runoff. However, given the recent development of this research area there are obvious limitations that have arisen, due in large part to the limited available reference data to compare water samples. Here, we attempt to expand the availability of reference samples by applying stable isotope methods to three types of common agricultural manures: poultry, dairy, and swine. We also aim to concatenate the organic waste literature on this topic, creating a more robust comparison database for future study and application in phosphorus source partitioning research. Among our samples, δ18OPO4 ratios for poultry were considerably elevated compared to dairy and swine manures (values of 18.5‰, 16.5‰, and 17.9‰, respectively). Extending this to other published ratios of δ18OPO4 from various types of waste products (e.g., septic, wastewater, livestock, other animals), a total range from 8.7‰ to 23.1‰ emerged (with existing poultry manure samples also ranking among the highest overall). Variation among samples in the larger dataset demonstrates the need for a further compilation of δ18OPO4 ratios for various types of waste, especially specific to geographic regions and watershed scales. With an increased sample size, the statistical strength associated with these methods would greatly improve.
A Comprehensive Review on Discriminant Analysis for Addressing Challenges of Class-Level Limitations, Small Sample Size, and Robustness
Authors: Qu Lingxiao , Pei Yan
Published: July 2024

The classical linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithm has three primary drawbacks, i.e., small sample size problem, sensitivity to noise and outliers, and inability to deal with multi-modal-class data. This paper reviews LDA technology and its variants, covering the taxonomy and characteristics of these technologies and comparing their innovations and developments in addressing these three shortcomings. Additionally, we describe the application areas and emphasize the kernel extensions of these technologies to solve nonlinear problems. Most importantly, this paper presents perspectives on future research directions and potential research areas in this field.
Revealing the Mechanisms That Contribute to Anger Expression Proneness in Patients with Brain Damage: The Importance of Executive Dysfunctions and Alexithymia
Authors: Romero-Martínez Ángel , Sarrate-Costa Carolina , Sánchez-Barba Gabriel García-Pardo , Ortega Lorena Vallejo , López-Santamaría Sara , Burgos-López Sara , García Jéssica , Moya-Albiol Luis
Published: July 2024

Background: The ability of scientists and clinicians to detect the therapeutic needs of patients with brain damage has increased in recent years. In this sense, many studies have signaled that individuals tend to experience an increase in irritability after suffering brain damage, with some patients even showing sudden aggressive outbursts. This increase in anger expression in these patients could be explained by executive functioning alterations (or executive dysfunctions), given their role in goal-oriented behaviors, along with emotional dysregulations such as alexithymia (e.g., difficulties recognizing and verbalizing feelings) and anger rumination (e.g., tendency to recall thoughts regarding experiences of frustration or anger). Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanisms that contribute to and/or facilitate anger expression in patients with brain damage. Methods: In this regard, the main objective of this study is to assess whether executive dysfunctions (assessed with the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale) would explain anger expression (measured with the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire) in patients with brain damage (n = 23; mean age: 56.61 ± 10.68; 57% men) compared to controls (n = 24; mean age: 60.96 ± 9.25; 33% men), paying special attention to potential moderators of this association such as alexithymia (analyzed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20) and anger rumination (assessed with the Anger Rumination Scale). Results: The results of the current investigation led us to conclude that anger expression in patients with brain damage was partly explained by executive dysfunction, especially in those patients who scored high in alexithymia. This model was not significant among controls. Conclusions: Thus, we highlight the importance of targeting certain psychological alterations, such as alexithymia, when implementing psychotherapeutic programs as an adjuvant to cognitive training focused on cognitive deficits (e.g., executive dysfunctions). This, in turn, would support the full recovery of individuals who have experienced brain damage.
Ring and Linear Structures of CdTe Clusters
Authors: Kashuba Andrii , Semkiv Ihor , Rudysh Myron , Ilchuk Hryhorii , Shchepanskyi Pavlo
Published: July 2024

We report the results of an ab initio study of the linear and ring structures of cadmium telluride clusters [CdTe]n (CdnTen) n ≤ 10 within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and Purdue–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) parameterization with Hubbard corrections (GGA+U). We optimized the linear and ring isomers for each size to obtain the lowest-energy structures and to understand their growth behavior. The cases of n < 8 for ring-type structures and n = 6 and 9 for linear-type structures were found to be the most favorable. All observed clusters with a linear structure were found to have a small highest-occupied–lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) gap. The CdTe clusters with ring structure showed larger values of the HOMO–LUMO gaps than the band gap value for the bulk crystal. Structural and electronic properties like bond length, the HOMO–LUMO gap, binding energy, and electronegativity were analyzed.
Balancing Performance and Portability: A Study on CsI(Tl) Crystal Sizes for Real-Time Gamma-Ray Spectrum and Dose Monitoring
Authors: Voulgaris Nikolaos , Nishimura Hikari , Tamaki Shingo , Kusaka Sachie , Murata Isao
Published: July 2024

Current radiation dosimeters sometimes face accuracy limitations or provide only cumulative doses over long periods. To contribute to this area, we developed a portable monitor that measures the energy spectrum and dose of gamma rays in real time. To achieve this, we used an improved sequential Bayesian estimation algorithm. The dose rate was then derived from the energy spectrum by applying a flux-to-dose conversion coefficient. The monitor consists mainly of a CsI(Tl) scintillator and a multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC). In developing this device, we focused on striking a balance between measurement accuracy, ease of use, and portability. As an essential aspect of the research, we investigated the influence of the CsI(Tl) crystal size on the performance of the monitor to determine an optimal size. This was accomplished by calculating the detection efficiency and energy resolution through experimental measurements using standard gamma-ray sources and simulations using MCNP5. Within the scope of the research, detector response functions were created for each crystal size for an energy range of 10 keV to 3 MeV. Considering an optimal balance of detection efficiency and energy resolution alongside a compact size suitable for portable applications, the crystal measuring 2.6 × 2.6 × 1.3 cm3 was deemed preferable.
Receptor-Targeted Nanomedicine for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Prajapati Arvee , Rangra Shagun , Patil Rashmi , Desai Nimeet , Jyothi Vaskuri G. S. Sainaga , Salave Sagar , Amate Prakash , Benival Derajram , Kommineni Nagavendra
Published: July 2024

Receptor-targeted drug delivery has been extensively explored for active targeting of therapeutic moiety in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the receptors that are overexpressed on tumor cells and have the potential to be targeted by nanocarrier systems for cancer treatment. We also highlight the different types of nanocarrier systems and targeting ligands that researchers have explored. Our discussion covers various therapeutic modalities, including small molecules, aptamers, peptides, antibodies, and cell-based targeting strategies, and focuses on clinical developments. Additionally, this article highlights the challenges that arise during the clinical translation of nanocarrier-based targeting strategies. It also provides future directions for improving research in the area of clinically translatable cancer-targeted therapy to improve treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity.
The Use of Nonmetallic Fraction Particles with the Double Purpose of Increasing the Mechanical Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene Composite and Reducing the Pollution Associated with the Recycling of Metals from E-Waste
Authors: Flores-Campos Rubén , Deaquino-Lara Rogelio , Rodríguez-Reyes Mario , Martínez-Sánchez Roberto , Estrada-Ruiz Rosa Hilda
Published: July 2024

A restorative process, where the nonmetallic fraction from e-waste printed circuit boards is reused as a raw material for the conformation of a new polymer matrix composite with increased properties favoring its industrial applications, is proposed with a zero residues approach. Low density polyethylene pellets and nonmetallic fraction particles were mixed, and due to the generation of static electricity during the mixing process, the nonmetallic particles became attached to the polyethylene pellets; the blended material was fed into a screw extruder, producing filaments of the new composite. Mechanical properties increased as the particles content increased, presenting an ultimate tensile strength going from 20 for the raw low-density polyethylene to more than 60 MPa, and a yield strength that goes from 10 to 50 MPa on the composite with 6.0 wt.% particles. Also, the flammability of the composite improved, reducing its linear burning rate and increasing the time between detachment of two consecutive drops. Nonmetallic fraction particles were oriented in the extrusion direction and had a good adhesion with the polyethylene matrix. These composites can be employed for the production of prototypes using additive manufacture.
Evaluating the Bias of Two Point-of-Care Glucometers for Calves and Ewes: Awareness for Ruminant Practitioners
Authors: Flynn Ryan , Cremerius Haley , Ebner Lisa , Mulon Pierre-Yves , Garcia Jessica , Bennett Kailee , Gerbert Jessica , Harvill Lainey , Escher Olivia , Cantrell Channing , Soto-Gonzalez Windy , Rahn Rebecca R. , Olivarez Jeff D. , Yuan Lingnan , Mochel Jonathan P. , Kreuder Amanda J. , Smith Joe
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: Multiple point-of-care (POC) glucometers are in use in veterinary medicine, but few are compared to each other. This leaves the potential for clinicians to be unaware of the effect of bias when comparing results from different POC glucometers. (2) Methods: Samples from healthy calves and ewes were simultaneously compared with two POC veterinary glucometers, the Precision Xtra and the AlphaTrak2, under both the “canine” and “feline” settings. The results of each sample were statistically analyzed with linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis. (3) Results: 170 samples from healthy calves and 108 samples from healthy ewes were available for comparison. Calves: The AT2 consistently overestimated blood glucose concentrations when compared to the PX device with the calves. Correlationt with the PX was r = 0.8496 (canine setting) and r = 0.8861 (feline setting). Both the canine and feline settings demonstrated a consistent bias (41.11 and 33.64 mg/dL, respectively). Ewes: The AT2 consistently overestimated blood glucose concentrations when compared to the PX device with the ewes. Correlation with the PX was R = 0.4710 (canine setting) and R = 0.7269 (feline setting). Both the canine and feline settings demonstrated a consistent bias (21.23 and 14.54 mg/dL, respectively). (4) Clinicians should be aware of the potential for consistent bias when evaluating calf and sheep blood glucose concentrations as the AT2 device, at both settings, overestimated blood glucose compared to the previously validated PX. This reliability appears to change when the values are farther from the normal ranges, which should be considered when making clinical decisions based on data from these devices.
Nasal Cytology in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Longhino David , Aruanno Arianna , Nucera Eleonora
Published: July 2024

In recent years, nasal cytology (NC) has become a valuable diagnostic tool in rhinology due to its easy practicability, non-invasiveness, and low cost [...]
Unlocking Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Local Governments: Best Practice Lessons from Real-World Implementations
Authors: Yigitcanlar Tan , David Anne , Li Wenda , Fookes Clinton , Bibri Simon Elias , Ye Xinyue
Published: July 2024

In an era marked by rapid technological progress, the pivotal role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly evident across various sectors, including local governments. These governmental bodies are progressively leveraging AI technologies to enhance service delivery to their communities, ranging from simple task automation to more complex engineering endeavours. As more local governments adopt AI, it is imperative to understand the functions, implications, and consequences of these advanced technologies. Despite the growing importance of this domain, a significant gap persists within the scholarly discourse. This study aims to bridge this void by exploring the applications of AI technologies within the context of local government service provision. Through this inquiry, it seeks to generate best practice lessons for local government and smart city initiatives. By conducting a comprehensive review of grey literature, we analysed 262 real-world AI implementations across 170 local governments worldwide. The findings underscore several key points: (a) there has been a consistent upward trajectory in the adoption of AI by local governments over the last decade; (b) local governments from China, the US, and the UK are at the forefront of AI adoption; (c) among local government AI technologies, natural language processing and robotic process automation emerge as the most prevalent ones; (d) local governments primarily deploy AI across 28 distinct services; and (e) information management, back-office work, and transportation and traffic management are leading domains in terms of AI adoption. This study enriches the existing body of knowledge by providing an overview of current AI applications within the sphere of local governance. It offers valuable insights for local government and smart city policymakers and decision-makers considering the adoption, expansion, or refinement of AI technologies in urban service provision. Additionally, it highlights the importance of using these insights to guide the successful integration and optimisation of AI in future local government and smart city projects, ensuring they meet the evolving needs of communities.
Business Models Used in Smart Cities—Theoretical Approach with Examples of Smart Cities
Authors: Wolniak Radosław , Gajdzik Bożena , Grebski Michaline , Danel Roman , Grebski Wiesław Wes
Published: July 2024

This paper examines business model implementations in three leading European smart cities: London, Amsterdam, and Berlin. Through a systematic literature review and comparative analysis, the study identifies and analyzes various business models employed in these urban contexts. The findings reveal a diverse array of models, including public–private partnerships, build–operate–transfer arrangements, performance-based contracts, community-centric models, innovation hubs, revenue-sharing models, outcome-based financing, and asset monetization strategies. Each city leverages a unique combination of these models to address its specific urban challenges and priorities. The study highlights the role of PPPs in large-scale infrastructure projects, BOT arrangements in transportation solutions, and performance-based contracts in driving efficiency and accountability. It also explores the benefits of community-centric models, innovation hubs, revenue-sharing models, outcome-based financing, and asset monetization strategies in enhancing the sustainability, efficiency, and livability of smart cities. The paper offers valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers seeking to advance smart city development worldwide.
Data-Driven Reliability Prediction for District Heating Networks
Authors: Mortensen Lasse , Shaker Hamid
Published: July 2024

As district heating networks age, current asset management practices, such as those relying on static life expectancies and age- and rule-based approaches, need to be replaced by data-driven asset management. As an alternative to physics-of-failure models that are typically preferred in the literature, this paper explores the application of more accessible traditional and novel machine learning-enabled reliability models for analyzing the reliability of district heating pipes and demonstrates how common data deficiencies can be accommodated by modifying the models’ likelihood expressions. The tested models comprised the Herz, Weibull, and the Neural Weibull Proportional Hazard models. An assessment of these models on data from an actual district heating network in Funen, Denmark showed that the relative youth of the network complicated the validation of the models’ distributional assumptions. However, a comparative evaluation of the models showed that there is a significant benefit in employing data-driven reliability modeling as they enable pipes to be differentiated based on the their working conditions and intrinsic features. Therefore, it is concluded that data-driven reliability models outperform current asset management practices such as age-based vulnerability ranking.
Study of the Structure of Zn and Na Borophosphate Glasses Using X-ray and Neutron Scattering Techniques
Authors: Hoppe Uwe , Freudenberger Parker T. , Brow Richard K. , Bednarčik Jozef , Hannon Alex C.
Published: July 2024

The atomic structures of Zn and Na borophosphate glasses were studied using X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. Peaks assigned to the B−O, P−O, and O−O distances confirm that only BO4 units co-exist with the PO4 tetrahedra. The Zn−O and Na−O coordination numbers are found to be a little larger than four. The narrowest peaks of the Zn−O first-neighbor distances exist for the glasses along a line connecting the Zn(PO3)2 and BPO4 compositions (50 mol% P2O5), which is explained by networks of ZnO4, BO4, and PO4 tetrahedra with twofold coordinated oxygens. The calculated amounts of available oxygen support this interpretation. Broadened peaks occur for glasses with lower P2O5 contents, which is consistent with the presence of threefold coordinated oxygens. The two distinct P−O peak components of the Zn and Na borophosphate glasses differ in their relative abundances. This is interpreted as follows: Na+ cations coordinate oxygens in some P−O−B bridges, which is something not seen for the Zn2+ ions.
Size-Dependence of the Electrochemical Activity of Platinum Particles in the 1 to 2 Nanometer Range
Authors: Yano Hiroshi , Iwasaki Kouta
Published: July 2024

Monodisperse Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon (Pt/C) were prepared via an impregnation method. By changing the concentration of the platinum precursor in the initial reagent mixture, the average particle size (d) could be controlled to within a narrow range of less than 2 nm. The specific activity (SA) of these materials, when applied to the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), increased rapidly with d in the range below 1.8 nm, with a maximum SA at d = 1.3 nm. This value is approximately four times that of a commercial Pt/CB catalyst. The electrochemical active area, ECAA (electrochemical surface area (ECSA)/specific surface area (SSA) × 100), decreased drastically from 100% with decreases in d below 1.3 nm. In this study, we present a correlation between SA and ECAA as a means of determining the appropriate d for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and propose an optimal size.
Metformin Lowers Plasma Triacylglycerol Levels in Mice with Impaired Carnitine Biosynthesis and Fatty Liver
Authors: Bjørndal Bodil , Le Tra-My Thi , Strand Elin , Madsen Lise , Berge Rolf K.
Published: July 2024

The antidiabetic drug metformin has a wide range of metabolic effects and may also reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate if metformin could counteract meldonium-induced fatty liver. Four groups of male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat control diet, or low-fat diets supplemented with metformin, meldonium, or metformin and meldonium for three weeks. Meldonium treatment led to 5.2-fold higher hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) levels compared to control, and metformin lowered the meldonium-induced lipid accumulation insignificantly by 21%. Mice treated with metformin and meldonium demonstrated significantly lower weight gain, visceral adipose tissue weight and plasma levels of TAG compared to meldonium alone. The hepatic mRNA level of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 was increased 2-fold with combined meldonium and metformin treatment compared to meldonium treatment (p < 0.001). Increased hepatic expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and lipid transport was observed in the combination group compared to control, and increased gene expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP2 was observed compared to the meldonium group. In addition, the product of fatty acid oxidation, acetylcarnitine, increased in plasma in metformin-treated mice. Altogether, metformin treatment influenced hepatic lipid metabolism and lowered plasma TAG in meldonium-induced fatty liver in mice.
Product Innovation and Customer Experience: Catalysts for Enhancing Satisfaction in Quick Service Restaurants
Authors: Manhas Parikshat Singh , Sharma Priyanka , Quintela Joana A.
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the multifaceted relationships between product innovation, customer satisfaction, and experience within the quick service restaurants (QSR) sector. Moreover, it explores the reciprocal dynamics, scrutinizing the impact of customer experience on shaping customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the research delves into the mediating function of customer experience in establishing the connection between product innovation and customer satisfaction. The participant pool encompassed 221 respondents, patrons of well-established QSRs, such as McDonald’s, Domino’s Pizza, Pizza Hut, and KFC, strategically situated in three prominent north Indian cities—Jammu, Chandigarh, and Delhi. Employing a structural equation modelling technique, the study meticulously examines the relationships between these crucial elements (product innovation, customer experience and customer satisfaction). This research contributes to existing knowledge by offering a detailed study of the dynamics governing product innovation, customer satisfaction, and experience in the QSR sector. The findings bear practical implications for QSR operators, providing valuable insights into strategies for enhancing customer satisfaction through effective product innovation and an elevated dining experience.