bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oocyte aneuploidy rates in river and swamp buffalo types (Bubalus bubalis) determined by Multi-color Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (M-FISH)
Authors: Pauciullo Alfredo , Versace Carmine , Perucatti Angela , Gaspa Giustino , Li Ling-Yu , Yang Chun-Yan , Zheng Hai-Ying , Liu Qinyou , Shang Jiang-Hua
Published: May 2022

Aneuploidy is one of the main causes of fetal and embryonic mortality in mammals. Nonetheless, its incidence in domestic ruminants has been investigated little. Indeed, no incidence data have ever been reported for water buffalo. To establish the incidence of aneuploidy in this species, we analysed in vitro matured metaphase II (MII) oocytes with corresponding first polar bodies (I PB) of the river (2n = 50) and swamp (2n = 48) buffaloes. For the first time, six river type probes (corresponding to chromosomes 1–5 and heterosome X), were tested on swamp buffalo metaphases using Multicolor-Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (M-FISH) before their use on oocytes MII metaphases. Of the 120 total Cumulus Oocyte Complexes (COCs, 60 for each buffalo type) subjected to in vitro maturation, 104 reached the MII stage and were analysed by M-FISH. Haploid chromosome arrangement and visible I PB were observed in 89 of the oocytes (45 in river and 44 in swamp type). In the river type, the analysis revealed one oocyte was disomic for the chromosome X (2.22%). In the swamp type, one oocyte was found to be nullisomic for chromosome X (2.27%); another was found to be nullisomic for chromosome 5 (2.27%). We also observed one oocyte affected by a premature separation of sister chromatids (PSSC) on the chromosome X (2.27%). In both buffalo types, no abnormalities were detected in other investigated chromosomes. Based on merged data, the overall aneuploidy rate for the species was 3.37%. Oocytes with unreduced chromosomes averaged 1.92% across the two types, with 1.96% in river and 1.88% in swamp. The interspecies comparison between these data and cattle and pig published data revealed substantial difference in both total aneuploidy and diploidy rates. Reducing the negative impact of the meiotic segregation errors on the fertility is key to more sustainable breeding, an efficient embryo transfer industry and ex-situ bio-conservation. In this respect, additional M-FISH studies are needed on oocytes of domestic species using larger sets of probes and/or applying next generation sequencing technologies.
Quantum annealing algorithms for Boolean tensor networks
Authors: Pelofske Elijah , Hahn Georg , O’Malley Daniel , Djidjev Hristo N. , Alexandrov Boian S.
Published: May 2022

Quantum annealers manufactured by D-Wave Systems, Inc., are computational devices capable of finding high-quality heuristic solutions of NP-hard problems. In this contribution, we explore the potential and effectiveness of such quantum annealers for computing Boolean tensor networks. Tensors offer a natural way to model high-dimensional data commonplace in many scientific fields, and representing a binary tensor as a Boolean tensor network is the task of expressing a tensor containing categorical (i.e.,$$\{0, 1\}$${0,1}) values as a product of low dimensional binary tensors. A Boolean tensor network is computed by Boolean tensor decomposition, and it is usually not exact. The aim of such decomposition is to minimize the given distance measure between the high-dimensional input tensor and the product of lower-dimensional (usually three-dimensional) tensors and matrices representing the tensor network. In this paper, we introduce and analyze three general algorithms for Boolean tensor networks: Tucker, Tensor Train, and Hierarchical Tucker networks. The computation of a Boolean tensor network is reduced to a sequence of Boolean matrix factorizations, which we show can be expressed as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem suitable for solving on a quantum annealer. By using a novel method we introduce called parallel quantum annealing, we demonstrate that Boolean tensor’s with up to millions of elements can be decomposed efficiently using a DWave 2000Q quantum annealer.
Targeting undruggable carbohydrate recognition sites through focused fragment library design
Authors: Shanina Elena , Kuhaudomlarp Sakonwan , Siebs Eike , Fuchsberger Felix F. , Denis Maxime , da Silva Figueiredo Celestino Gomes Priscila , Clausen Mads H. , Seeberger Peter H. , Rognan Didier , Titz Alexander , Imberty Anne , Rademacher Christoph
Published: May 2022

Carbohydrate-protein interactions are key for cell-cell and host-pathogen recognition and thus, emerged as viable therapeutic targets. However, their hydrophilic nature poses major limitations to the conventional development of drug-like inhibitors. To address this shortcoming, four fragment libraries were screened to identify metal-binding pharmacophores (MBPs) as novel scaffolds for inhibition of Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate-protein interactions. Here, we show the effect of MBPs on the clinically relevant lectins DC-SIGN, Langerin, LecA and LecB. Detailed structural and biochemical investigations revealed the specificity of MBPs for different Ca2+-dependent lectins. Exploring the structure-activity relationships of several fragments uncovered the functional groups in the MBPs suitable for modification to further improve lectin binding and selectivity. Selected inhibitors bound efficiently to DC-SIGN-expressing cells. Altogether, the discovery of MBPs as a promising class of Ca2+-dependent lectin inhibitors creates a foundation for fragment-based ligand design for future drug discovery campaigns.
Visible and Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Quality Analysis of Wine
Authors: Cozzolino Daniel
Published: May 2022

Recent developments and improvements in accurate and rapid analytical systems are a direct consequence of increasing demands for sustainable, clean, and green analytical processes and techniques from both the food and beverage industries. To guarantee and comply with food safety and security legislation and regulations, quality control of ingredients and products, and also the commercial viability of the wine industry, accurate, objective, and optimized process control systems and tools are required. These systems and tools need to provide the rapid assessment of the chemical composition and quality properties of the different components of the whole supply and value chain, the analysis of chemical composition in individual samples, and to be able to monitor the different steps during processing of foods and beverages, including raw materials (e.g. grapes and juice) and end products (e.g. wine). This chapter presents and discusses novel applications and developments in the utilization of vibrational spectroscopy (e.g. infrared and visible) for the determination and measurement of various compositional parameters in the wine industry (e.g. grape juice, must, and wine).
On-site Food Authenticity Testing: Advances in Miniaturization of Spectrometers and Machine Learning
Authors: Chatterjee Niladri Sekhar , Lekshmi R. G. Kumar , Uchoi Devananda , Banerjee Kaushik , Kishore Pankaj , Minimol V. , Panda Satyen , Mathew Suseela , Ravishankar C. N.
Published: May 2022

Laboratory-based quality checks, although accurate, are often time consuming and expensive and can only be performed by trained scientific personnel, which is a major drawback in a fast-moving supply chain of perishable food commodities. Vibrational spectroscopy is a proven technique for the non-destructive and rapid measurement of food quality and authenticity. Table-top vibrational spectroscopy equipment such as Fourier transform infrared, near-infrared and Raman spectrometers are already used widely for food authentication and quality analysis. However, recent advances in miniaturized sensors supported with artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT) might take the technique out of the laboratory and into the hands of food processors, farmers and consumers. In this chapter, the principle of food authenticity testing using miniature spectrometers is described and several chemometric data analysis tools, software and machine learning algorithms that can potentially be used or are being used for food authenticity testing using miniature vibrational spectroscopy devices are discussed. A summary of commercially available portable miniature spectrometers for food testing is given and major start-up initiatives that use miniature vibrational spectroscopy sensors and AI for food analysis are presented. Finally, an overview of the application of various miniature and hand-held spectroscopy devices and sensors for food authenticity testing is given.
Comment on “Terahertz pump–probe of liquid water at 12.3 THz” by F. Novelli, C. Hoberg, E. M. Adams, J. M. Klopf and M. Havenith, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 653–665
Authors: van der Meer A. F. G.
Published: May 2022

The nonlinear response of water at the libration mode or scattering off a thermal grating? Questions are raised concerning the difference in the interpretation of the data for the static case and the water jet.
One-pot fabrication of a polydopamine-based nanoplatform for GSH triggered trimodal ROS-amplification for cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Jia Xinlin , Li Xianglong , He Miao , Hao Ji-Na , Guan Mengjia , Mao Yuanqing , Cao Yuanyuan , Dai Bin , Li Yongsheng
Published: May 2022

A cancer-specific chemodynamic therapeutic nanomedicine of CA–Cu–PDA is fabricated to realize trimodal ROS amplification through antioxidant system inhibition, ROS generation by cinnamaldehyde, and ROS complement using a Fenton reaction.
Gas-phase synthesis and structure of thorium benzyne complexes
Authors: Chen Xiuting , Xiong Zhixin , Yang Meixian , Gong Yu
Published: May 2022

A series of gas-phase thorium benzyne complexes in the form of (XC6H3)ThCl3− were synthesized via the consecutive CO2 and HCl elimination from (XC6H4CO2)ThCl4−.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Terahertz pump–probe of liquid water at 12.3 THz”’ by A. F. G. van der Meer, PCCP, 2022, 24, D1CP05216K
Authors: Novelli Fabio , Hoberg Claudius , Adams Ellen M. , Klopf J. Michael , Havenith Martina
Published: May 2022

The THz pump–probe signal was separated into different contributions including thermal, acoustic, and nonlinear components. As any thermal effect takes longer than 35 μs, the contribution by the acoustic and the non-linear signals can be deduced.
Does [Tf2N]− slither? Equivalence of cation and anion self-diffusion activation volumes in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide
Authors: Harris Kenneth R. , Kanakubo Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2022

High-pressure ion self-diffusion measurements for [EMIM][Tf2N] show equivalent activation volumes: cation and anion transport processes are similarly affected by pressure.
Recipes for superior ionic conductivities in thin-film ceria-based electrolytes
Authors: Kemp Dennis , Tarancón Albert , De Souza Roger A.
Published: May 2022

Two recipes to further increase the ionic conductivity of (Ce,Gd)O2 materials are derived from atomistic simulations: achieving a random distribution of Gd cations; and applying only 1 V to nm-thin samples to utilize field-accelerated ion conduction.
Identifying structure–absorption relationships and predicting absorption strength of non-fullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Yan Jun , Rodríguez-Martínez Xabier , Pearce Drew , Douglas Hana , Bili Danai , Azzouzi Mohammed , Eisner Flurin , Virbule Alise , Rezasoltani Elham , Belova Valentina , Dörling Bernhard , Few Sheridan , Szumska Anna A. , Hou Xueyan , Zhang Guichuan , Yip Hin-Lap , Campoy-Quiles Mariano , Nelson Jenny
Published: May 2022

We combine experiments with density functional theory calculations, statistical analysis, and machine-learning to reveal the structure–absorption strength relationship and predict the absorption strength of organic non-fullerene acceptors.
High-performance and stable BiVO4 photoanodes for solar water splitting via phosphorus–oxygen bonded FeNi catalysts
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Huang Xiaojuan , Zhang Beibei , Bi Yingpu
Published: May 2022

The phosphorus–oxygen bonded FeNi catalysts on BiVO4 photoanodes significantly promote the PEC water oxidation activity and stability, achieving a photocurrent density of 6.73 mA cm−2 (1.23 VRHE, AM 1.5G).
Dissociation-induced depletion of high-energy reactant molecules as a mechanism for pressure-dependent rate constants for bimolecular reactions
Authors: Burke Michael P. , Meng Qinghui , Sabaitis Christopher
Published: May 2022

We demonstrate a significant mechanism for pressure dependence of bimolecular reactions that has not historically been considered: high-energy reactants are depleted by unimolecular dissociation and not available to undergo bimolecular reaction.
Negatively charged gold nanoclusters protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting mitophagy
Authors: Shen Xiaolei , Li Dan , Zhuang Pengfei , Yu Yang , Shi Zuqiang , Mei Xifan , Liu Chang
Published: May 2022

Negatively charged AuNCs were found to stabilize the membrane potential and inhibit mitophagy, thereby preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Novel gamma-irradiated chitosan-doped reduced graphene-CuInS2 composites as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Areerob Yonrapach , Hamontree Chaowalit , Sricharoen Phitchan , Limchoowong Nunticha , Laksee Sakchai , Oh Won-Chun , Pattarith Kongsak
Published: May 2022

To address the issues associated with traditional counter electrodes, a novel gamma-irradiated chitosan-doped reduced graphene-CuInS2 composite (Chi@RGO-CIS) was used as the counter electrode (CE).
Effect of kaolinite edge surfaces on formation of Tb3+-doped phosphor by solid-state reaction
Authors: Machida Shingo , Katsumata Ken-ichi , Yasumori Atsuo
Published: May 2022

The effect of kaolinite edge surfaces on a solid-state reaction was demonstrated by the synthesis of Tb3+-doped metastable CaAl2Si2O8, indicating the importance of Tb3+ adsorbed on kaolinite edge surfaces.
Vanadium nitride nanoparticle decorated N-doped carbon nanotube/N-doped carbon nanosheet hybrids via a C3N4 self-sacrificing method for electrochemical capacitors
Authors: Liu Jinghua , He Xiong , Guo Fei , Liu Baosheng , Sun Zijun , Zhang Li , Chang Haixin
Published: May 2022

Vanadium nitride nanoparticle decorated N-doped carbon nanotube/N-doped carbon nanosheet hybrids have been fabricated for efficient supercapacitor.
Microwave-promoted continuous flow synthesis of thermoplastic polyurethane–silver nanocomposites and their antimicrobial performance
Authors: Saleem Qandeel , Torabfam Milad , Kurt Hasan , Yüce Meral , Bayazit Mustafa Kemal
Published: May 2022

The present study reports a reducing agent-free continuous manufacturing of ∼5 nm silver nanoparticles in a thermoplastic polyurethane matrix using a microwave-promoted fluidic system.
Heterointerfaces of nickel sulphides and selenides on Ni-foam as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts in acidic environments
Authors: Shaikh Naznin , Mukhopadhyay Indrajit , Ray Abhijit
Published: May 2022

The fulfilment of simultaneous hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) in acidic conditions is one of the challenges facing the production of green hydrogen.
An oxygen-economical nano-photosensitizer with a high photodynamic therapeutic outcome via simultaneous reduction of the cellular respiration and oxygen depletion of PDT
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yan Xiaosa , Zhang Yongkang , Bao Chenlu , Li Changhua
Published: May 2022

An oxygen-economical nano-photosensitizer via co-loading an OXPHOS inhibitor and a type-I photosensitizer into a polymer micelle was engineered, which simultaneously hinder two major tumor oxygen-consuming pathways, enabling remarkable PDT efficacy.
Progress in the drug encapsulation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and folate-decorated poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) conjugates for selective cancer treatment
Authors: Dodda Jagan Mohan , Remiš Tomáš , Rotimi Sadiku , Yeh Yi-Cheun
Published: May 2022

A concise review of PLGA-based conjugates and folate-decorated PEG–PLGA conjugates has been presented, focusing on their chemistries, biological activity, and functions as targeted drug carriers or sustained drug controllers for cancers.
Development of a microfluidic dispensing device for multivariate data acquisition and application in molecularly imprinting hydrogel preparation
Authors: Manmana Yanawut , Hiraoka Nobuyuki , Naito Toyohiro , Kubo Takuya , Otsuka Koji
Published: May 2022

We fabricated microfluidic dispensing devices, which can give the solution of different flow rates, successfully acquiring multivariate data on the adsorption capacity for protein imprinting hydrogels.
Graphene-based implantable neural electrodes for insect flight control
Authors: Xiong Jian , Zhang Bin , Balilonda Andrew , Yang Shengyuan , Li Kerui , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi , Hou Chengyi
Published: May 2022

Implantable PEDOT:PSS/graphene neural electrodes with enhanced charge storage capacity show good performance in insect flight control experiments.
A ratiometric and lifetime-based luminescent thermometer exploiting the Co3+ luminescence in CaAl2O4:Co3+ and CaAl2O4:Co3+,Nd3+
Authors: Kniec K. , Kochanowska A. , Li L. , Suta M. , Marciniak L.
Published: May 2022

The growing interest in luminescence thermometry and the desire to improve the thermometric properties of luminescent thermometers prompt the search for new solutions including new materials and types of luminescent ions.
A multilevel nonvolatile visible light photomemory based on charge transfer in conformal zinc–tin oxide/Au nanoparticle heterostructures
Authors: Shih Li-Chung , Lin Sheng-Rong , Chaurasiya Rajneesh , Kung Po-Yen , Jhang Song-Syun , Liu Bernard Haochih , Su Yen-Hsun , Chen Jen-Sue
Published: May 2022

A photomemory based on a ZTO/Au NP heterostructure is revealed. It exhibits a broad spectral response and great retention to visible light due to the charge transfer at the ZTO/Au NP interface and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Au NPs.
A tri‐band complementary frequency selective surface with very closely spaced resonances
Authors: Sátiro da Silva Bruno , Pereira de Siqueira Campos Antonio Luiz , Tavares Sousa Matheus Emanuel , Neto Alfredo Gomes , Dionísio de Andrade Humberto
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a tri‐band complementary frequency selective surface (CFSS) with very closely spaced bands and angular stability. The proposed CFSS element geometry is composed of double concentric rings. The choice of this geometry is because of its very good angular stability. The gap between resonance frequencies is very close, only 404 MHz from the first to second band and 202 MHz from the third to second, which is only possible because of the use of CFSS. The CFSS simulation is performed using HFSS software and the design used the equivalent circuit method. The simulated results are compared with the experimental ones for validation purposes. A very good agreement is observed between the simulated and measured results.
And then they were two: Detection of non-thermal radio emission from the bow shocks of two runaway stars
Authors: Moutzouri M. , Mackey J. , Carrasco-González C. , Gong Y. , Brose R. , Zargaryan D. , Toalá J. A. , Menten K. M. , Gvaramadze V. V. , Rugel M. R.
Published: May 2022

Context. In recent years, winds from massive stars have been considered promising sites for investigating relativistic particle acceleration. In particular, the resulting bow-shaped shocks from the interaction of the supersonic winds of runaway stars with interstellar matter have been intensively observed at many different wavelengths, from radio to γ-rays.

Aims. In this study we investigate the O4If star, BD+43° 3654, the bow shock of which is, so far, the only one proven to radiate both thermal and non-thermal emission at radio frequencies. In addition, we consider NGC 7635, the Bubble Nebula, as a bow shock candidate and examine its apex for indications of thermal and non-thermal radio emission.

Methods. We observed both bow shocks in radio frequencies with the Very Large Array (VLA) in the C and X bands (4–8 GHz and 8–12 GHz) and with the Effelsberg telescope at 4–8 GHz. We analysed single-dish and interferometric results individually, in addition to their combined emission, obtained spectral index maps for each source, and calculated their spectral energy distributions. Results. We find that both sources emit non-thermal emission in the radio regime, with the clearest evidence for NGC 7635, whose radio emission has a strongly negative spectral index along the northern rim of the bubble. We present the first high-resolution maps of radio emission from NGC 7635, finding that the morphology closely follows the optical nebular emission. Our results are less conclusive for the bow shock of BD+43° 3654, as its emission becomes weaker and faint at higher frequencies in VLA data. Effelsberg data show a much larger emitting region (albeit a region of thermal emission) than is detected with the VLA for this source.

Conclusions. Our results extend the previous radio results from the BD+43° 3654 bow shock to higher frequencies, and with our NGC 7635 results we double the number of bow shocks around O stars with detected non-thermal emission, from one to two. Modelling of the multi-wavelength data for both sources shows that accelerated electrons at the wind termination shock are a plausible source for the non-thermal radio emission, but energetics arguments suggest that any non-thermal X-ray and γ-ray emission could be significantly below existing upper limits. Enhanced synchrotron emission from compressed galactic cosmic rays in the radiative bow shock could also explain the radio emission from the BD+43° 3654 bow shock, but not from NGC 7635. The non-detection of point-like radio emission from BD+43° 3654 puts an upper limit on the mass-loss rate of the star that is lower than values quoted in the literature.
Metazoan parasite community as a potential biological indicator in juveniles of the starry smooth-houndMustelus asteriasCloquet, 1819 (Carcharhiniformes Triakidae)
Authors: Gérard Claudia , Hervé Maxime R. , Hamel Héloïse , Gay Mélanie , Barbier Michel , Barreau Thomas
Published: May 2022

The starry smooth-houndMustelus asteriasis a near-threatened coastal shark in Europe, whose parasitofauna is largely unknown. We studied metazoan parasites of 20 immature sharks (13 males and seven females) from the English Channel and we examined their relationships with host condition and their use as host bioindicators. All the sharks were parasitized by one to six metazoan taxa among the twelve recorded in the whole sampling (one trematode, six cestodes and two nematodes trophically-transmitted; one monogenean, one copepod and one myxosporean on gills), with a mean abundance of 30.5 ± 21.4 parasites per fish (myxosporeans not included). The three major taxa were in decreasing order: the nematodeAcanthocheilus rotundatus(prevalence: 75%, Confidence Interval 53–89%), the cestodeEutetrarhynchussp. (70%, CI 48–85%), and the monogeneanErpocotyle laevis(60%, CI 39–78%). The gill copepodKroyeria lineataand the gut nematodeProleptus obtususwere identified as significant pathogens. Parasite community differed between males and females despite their immature stage, suggesting early spatial sex-segregation, withE. laevis,Eutetrarhynchussp. andAnthobothriumsp. proposed as tags. We discuss results in terms of host fitness loss and information given by parasites on diet ecology and stock discrimination. We recommend incorporating parasitology in further research to improve shark conservation and management.
Molecular identification, life cycle characterization, and hatchery seed production of dwarf oysters from the Ebro Delta (Spain)
Authors: Prado Patricia , Fernández Margarita , Cordero David , Saavedra Carlos , Carella Francesca , Alcaraz Carles , Gairin Ignasi
Published: May 2022

Dwarf oysters in the Ebro Delta are only observed growing on local pen shells,Pinna nobilisL., currently under extinction risk. The species identification of these populations is uncertain, given recent genetic classifications of dwarf oysters ofOstrea stentinaspecies complex. Hence, the first objective of this study was to confirm the identity of dwarf oysters associated toP. nobilisin the Ebro Delta. Then, we aimed to assess the viability of hatchery and nursery production ofO. stentinafor potential conservation programs using diets based on a mix of live microalgae species or the commercial Shellfish Diet 1800®. Our results showed that COI sequences obtained were specific toO. stentina. Significant differences in the growth and survival of larvae between diet treatments were observed in 3 days. For the live diet, the larval period lasted from 15 to 22 days (299.2 ± 4 µm) whereas it took up to 36 days using the Shellfish Diet 1800®(280 ± 7.2 µm), with an overall mortality of 72.3 vs. 99.3%, respectively for each diet. Besides, no seed survival was observed for the commercial diet after a 10-day-fixation attempt. In contrast, ca. 16% of the individuals on the live diet that were allowed to settle reached the juvenile stage and could be released to the environment. Histological examination of obtained seed did not present any sign of disease and showed gonadal development for both sexes at ca. 6 months of age (16.1–19.1 mm). The growth curve obtained was fitted to a Schnute-Richards growth model which returned ages of up to 10 years for maximum local sizes of 45 mm. We conclude that although the Shellfish Diet 1800®is not an adequate diet forO. stentina, its hatchery production is feasible and might provide support to future conservation actions.
Practices and perceptions on ecolabels of Finnish companies with circular economy business models
Authors: Suikkanen Johanna , Saarinen Iina , Näyhä Annukka
Published: May 2022

There is a need to better understand the role of ecolabels in the scope of the Circular Economy transition. The aim of this research was to study the perspectives and practices of ecolabel use among Finnish companies with circular economy business models. The survey-based research targeting 214 companies (response rate 18% = n. 39) showed that ecolabels were not commonly used among the sample of companies. (Human) resource constraints were found in this research to partially explain the low uptake of ecolabels. Therefore, the research opens further questions as to alternative benchmarking and communication tools for the environmental performance of companies that see themselves as frontrunners in the application of circular economy business models.
Switching the focus from product function to business profit: Introducing Business Model LCA (BM-LCA)
Authors: Baumann Henrikke , Böckin Daniel , Goffetti Giulia , Tillman Anne-Marie , Zobel Thomas
Published: May 2022

Recent years have seen much interest in business models as vehicles towards sustainability, cf. [1]. Conventional LCA, however, fails to properly capture the environmental impacts of a business model. Here, we introduce the background and the principles of Business Model LCA, a new LCA methodology for the assessment of environmental performance of business models. Methodological innovations are based on an understanding of the difference and relatedness between product and business. The key innovation is that BM-LCA centres its analysis on the ’business model’ instead of the ’product function’ as in conventional LCA. This requires the functional unit to represent the business (e.g., as ‘profit per time unit’) and the need to couple the monetary flows of the business to the material and energy flows of the product system via a set of ’coupling’ equations. BM-LCA contributes to environmental business analysis and could open up a new avenue of research where LCA and business analysts collaborate on business model innovation for sustainability.
The connected, sustainable and inclusive society – IoT implementation in a Swedish municipality
Authors: Brunklaus Birgit , Chiew Yoon Lin , Lundström Anders , Nilsson-Lindén Hanna , Saarikko Ted
Published: May 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to transform the way we live, work, and learn. Using IoT could thus be a game-changer for municipalities towards sustainability. The Swedish municipality of Södertälje strives to develop IoT concepts and use open data for a sustainable and inclusive society. The goal of this study was to explore how IoT can enable route optimization and placement planning for increased operational efficiency. The goal was also to enhance the knowledge of the environmental and social benefits of IoT systems in the waste collection system in Södertälje. The analysis is based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and interviews. The results show a minor climate change impact for the IoT solutions in the overall smart waste collection system. The major climate impact contributor was instead associated with the trash bags used. Additionally, the study showed that the performance of the system relies on smart planning of the operations and the transportations.
Approach for assessing environmental handprints
Authors: Lakanen Laura , Grönman Kaisa , Kasurinen Heli , Vatanen Saija , Pajula Tiina , Behm Katri , Soukka Risto
Published: May 2022

The need to reveal positive environmental consequences of offerings has risen as urgent climate actions are needed from companies. The environmental handprint approach was developed to indicate the positive environmental impacts of a solution offered to a client. The environmental handprint approach builds upon the previously published carbon handprint approach. The approach follows the guidelines of ISO standards on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) but complements them with instructions for calculating positive environmental impacts. The environmental handprint framework allows consideration of several different environmental impacts including climate impacts, air quality, and utilization of nutrients, water and resources, and it can be applied to products, services, organisations and projects. The framework consists of four main stages: 1. Handprint requirements, 2. Additional LCA requirements, 3. Quantification, 4. Communication. The handprint approach provides an important addition to life cycle studies. Handprints can be used by organizations to communicate the environmental benefits of their products, services, and technologies. They also serve as an aid to identify improvement potential throughout the life cycle of an offering, thus supporting product development and decision making. Case studies supported the methodology development. A case related to water handprint in water treatment in the mining industry is presented in this paper.
Operation optimization of data center based on multi-station integration
Authors: Mei Chao , Chen Peiming , Li Ying , Xin Yu , Wu Yongxun , Yang Fan , Chen Wen
Published: May 2022

With the rapid development and extensive application of Internet technology, the data information grows exponentially. The proposal of the multi-station integration mode not only provides effective assistance for the development of the big data industry, but also put forward a new direction for the energy-saving operation of data centers. This paper presents a cooperative operation architecture of the fusion station covering substation, data center and energy storage power station, and establishes a mixed integer nonlinear programming model which aims at minimizing the annual total cost. The analysis of the role of data migration and energy storage scheduling are carried out by case study. The calculation results showed that, the typical daily operation cost was reduced by 10.52% and the annual total cost was reduced by 5.96% after the implementation of the data migration and the energy storage scheduling. Results demonstrate that on the premise of satisfying the delay constraint, the complementary scheduling of each fusion station can be realized through a certain data migration strategy, hence reducing the cost. Furthermore, the energy storage scheduling can transfer the peak load to the valley load, thus significantly decreasing operation costs.
Research on electrical power quality disturbance recognition method based on edge computing and LightGBM
Authors: Zhu Wenjun , Xiang Tianchun , Shang Boxiang , Guo Xiaoyan , Zhai Weihua
Published: May 2022

In conventional cloud computing, method that data is transmitted and calculated on the cloud cannot satisfy the real-time demand for energy quality disturbance recognition. This paper proposed a power quality disturbance recognition method based on edge computing and LightGBM classification algorithm. Our main idea is that the feature of disturbance is extracted on the edge sides and used to classified on the cloud. Firstly, a multi-group feature set was extracted at the edge side intelligent fusion terminal by wavelet transform. Secondly, we used feature training accuracy to select the optimal feature collection. Finally, the optimal feature set was selected to determine the disturbance recognition method of this paper. Experiments had shown that the proposed method meets demand on data transmission by 99.5%, and achieves 97.53% recognition accuracy. Our method not only guarantees high accuracy of the power quality disturbance recognition but also alleviates the bandwidth load pressure brought by large amounts of data transmission.
Brain hematoma segmentation based on deep learning and data analysis
Authors: Liu Hao , Yuan Yufeng , Zeng Yijia , Cai Yuwei , Chen Ruiquan , Xu Chuankai , Xie Yi , Peng Xiao
Published: May 2022

Brain hemorrhage is a threatening disease with a yearly increasing incidence. Computed tomography (CT) is a common method of obtaining hematoma information and periodically monitoring changes of brain injuries. However, due to high frequency tomography, a large number of CT images is acquired, which complicates the analysis process. To increase the speed of analysis and ensure the accuracy of CT detection, we combined CT with deep learning to obtain automatic segmentation. In the present study, we developed a segmentation model based on a U-net with residual effects, for hemorrhage images. First, we screened the data and separated it into three parts for training, evaluation, and blind testing. Second, we pre-processed the dataset for data augmentation, which was used to avoid overfitting. After data augmentation, we transferred the data to an algorithm for training. As for the final model, we obtained an image segmenter with a mean intersection over union score of 0.8871 and dice score of 0.9362. The velocity of this algorithm was 26.31 fps, which greatly increased the speed of analysis. Thus, the segmenter obtained high detection efficiency and quantitative detection, which was suitable for periodically monitoring the areas of bleeding and assisting physicians in developing therapeutic regimens. Furthermore, the binary segmentation algorithm can be used for the development of pretraining models for classified segmentation tasks of CT images of head hemorrhages.
The Effect of Nb Content on Microstructure Evolution of GH4169 superalloy During Hot Deformation
Authors: Chen Wen , Zhang Peng , Xie Jing , Liu Yang , Zhao Wenxia
Published: May 2022

This research conducted a thermal compression deformation test on two GH4169 alloy samples with 5.40wt% and 5.21wt% Nb contents respectively, under deformation temperatures ranging from 900°C to 1030°C and the strain rates of 0.04s-1, 0.08s-1. Data from the deformation test were used to study the effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on the microstructure, δ phase morphology, and δ phase evolution of both alloy samples, so as to reveal the structural evolution mechanism. The results show that the long needle-like δ phase in the alloy microstructure with high Nb content undergoes deformation fracture and decomposition fracture during deformation and compression under high temperature, with the fracture decomposition temperature being 990°C. Moreover, microstructures of alloys with low Nb content were dominated by granular δ phases; as the deformation temperature increases or the strain rate decreases, the content of the δ phase gradually decreases, causing the alloy’s dynamic recrystallization grain size and dynamic recrystallization volume fraction to gradually increase from deformation twins at low temperatures to complete recrystallization at high temperatures.
Thermal Decomposition of Epoxy Resin Under SF6 Atmosphere
Authors: Yang Ren , Yang Hongyu , Wu Yuhan , Lin Dezhi , Xue Jun , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Weiqiang
Published: May 2022

The latent fault diagnosis of GIS equipment relies on the electrothermal corrosion information of the decomposition products of SF6. The thermal decomposition of epoxy resin under atmosphere (SF6-Epoxy) is essential to reveal the relationship between carbon-based characteristic decomposition components and the degradation of insulating materials. The thermal decomposition process of SF6-Epoxy was measured using synchronous thermogravimetry(TG)/differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), which unveiled the three pyrolysis stages of temperature range and heat release. The online gas chromatography identified nine decomposition components containing carbon, sulfur and oxygen elements. According to the panoramic pyrolysis reaction mechanism of the SF6-epoxy system, CO2, CH4, SOF2, H2S and H2were proposed as the characteristic decomposition components for the thermal deterioration of SF6-Epoxy insulating system.
Wrist arthroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic conditions
Authors: Atlan Franck , Pritsch Tamir , Tordjman Daniel , Khabyeh-Hasbani Nathan , Halperin Dania , Factor Shai
Published: May 2022

Wrist arthroscopy is a constantly evolving procedure. Allowing direct visualization and dynamic testing of intra-articular structures led to a novel approach toward traumatic and degenerative lesions based on most of the classifications routinely used in wrist surgery. The development of specific instrumentation, combined with a novel understanding of the local anatomy, progressively allowed wrist surgeons to describe more ambitious and complex surgeries. Wrist arthroscopy has become an increasingly useful tool in hand and wrist surgeons’ panoply and seems promised to have further development in the future. This paper discusses the surgical technique and the various pathologies that can be treated by arthroscopy of the wrist.
A pilot study on the use of dynamic-contextual and kinematic information in the anticipation of tennis shots
Authors: Triolet Céline , Teulier Caroline , Benguigui Nicolas
Published: May 2022

The goal of this study was to examine how expert and novice tennis players can use kinematic from the opponent and dynamic contextual information (i.e., the relative position of players on the tennis court) to anticipate tennis shots. Participants viewed film sequences under four different conditions that included low versus high contextual information and early versus late occlusion providing more or less kinematic information. Only experts significantly improved their response accuracy when more kinematic information was added (i.e., late occlusion). Findings show that experts and novices can use dynamic contextual information to anticipate, but only experts can anticipate based on low contextual information. Finally, experts are better able to use both types of information. Further studies should take into account the type and relevance of the information given to the participants to better understand the anticipation process.
Modeling of ionospheric scintillation
Authors: Vasylyev Dmytro , Béniguel Yannick , Volker Wilken , Kriegel Martin , Berdermann Jens
Published: May 2022

A signal, such as from a GNSS satellite or microwave sounding system, propagating in the randomly inhomogeneous ionosphere, experiences chaotic modulations of its amplitude and phase. This effect is known as scintillation. This article reviews basic theoretical concepts and simulation strategies for modeling the scintillation phenomenon. We focused our attention primarily on the methods connected with the random phase screen model. For a weak scattering regime on random ionospheric irregularities, a single-phase screen model enables us to obtain the analytic expression for phase and intensity scintillation indices, as well as the statistical quantities characterizing the strength of scintillation-related fades and distortions. In the case of multiple scattering, the simulation with multiple phase screens becomes a handy tool for obtaining these indices. For both scattering regimes, the statistical properties of the ionospheric random medium play an important role in scintillation modeling and are discussed with an emphasis on related geometric aspects. As an illustration, the phase screen simulation approaches used in the global climatological scintillation model GISM are briefly discussed.
Occurrence rate and duration of space weather impacts on high-frequency radio communication used by aviation
Authors: Fiori Robyn A. D. , Kumar Vickal V. , Boteler David H. , Terkildsen Michael B.
Published: May 2022

High frequency (HF) radio wave propagation is sensitive to space weather-induced ionospheric disturbances that result from enhanced photoionization and energetic particle precipitation. Recognizing the potential risk to HF radio communication systems used by the aviation industry, as well as potential impacts on GNSS navigation and the risk of elevated radiation levels, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) initiated the development of a space weather advisory service. For HF systems, this service specifically identifies shortwave fadeout, auroral absorption, polar cap absorption, and post-storm maximum useable frequency depression (PSD) as phenomena impacting HF radio communication and specifies moderate and severe event thresholds to describe event severity. This paper examines the occurrence rate and duration of events crossing the moderate and severe thresholds. Shortwave fadeout was evaluated based on thresholds in the solar X-ray flux. Analysis of 40-years of solar X-ray flux data showed that moderate and severe level solar X-ray flares were observed, on average, 123 and 5 times per 11-year solar cycle, respectively. The mean event duration was 68 min for moderate level events and 132 min for severe level events. Auroral absorption events crossed the moderate threshold for 40 events per solar cycle, with a mean event duration of 5.1 h. The severe threshold was crossed for 3 events per solar cycle with a mean event duration of 12 h. Polar cap absorption had the longest mean duration at ~8 h for moderate events and 1.6 days for severe events; on average, 24 moderate and 13 severe events were observed per solar cycle. Moderate and severe thresholds for shortwave fadeout, auroral absorption, and polar cap absorption were used to determine the expected impacts on HF radio communication. Results for polar cap absorption and shortwave fadeout were consistent with each other, but the expected impact for auroral absorption was shown to be 2–3 times higher. Analysis of 22 years of ionosonde data showed moderate, and severe PSD events occurred, on average, 200 and 56 times per 11-year solar cycle, respectively. The mean event duration was 5.5 h for moderate-level events and 8.5 h for severe-level events. During solar cycles 22 and 23, HF radio communication was expected to experience moderate or severe impacts due to the ionospheric disturbances caused by space weather, a maximum of 163 and 78 days per year, respectively, due to the combined effect of absorption and PSD. The distribution of events is highly non-uniform with respect to the solar cycle: 70% of moderate or severe events were observed during solar maximum compared to solar minimum.
Enhancement of high-frequency performances by Al2O3 interlayer in FeCoHf/Al2O3/FeCoHf trilayers
Authors: Jing Zhao-Xuan , Zhang Shou-Heng , Li Shandong
Published: May 2022

In this study, Hf-doped FeCo alloy films with a high ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency at zero external fields were prepared by a composition gradient sputtering method. In order to further enhance the high-frequency performances, Al2O3 spacers of various thicknesses were inserted in the middle of the FeCoHf film. It is revealed that the Al2O3 interlayer improves the magnetic anisotropy of trilayers, enhances the resistivity, and refines the grain size. As a result, the FMR frequency of the trilayer was enhanced to over 3 GHz, and the permeability was also evidently improved from 41 (single layer) to 86 (trilayer with Al2O3 thickness of 40 Å).
Trends in bandgap of epitaxial A2B2O7 (A = Sn, Pb; B = Nb, Ta) films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Fujita T. C. , Ito H. , Kawasaki M.
Published: May 2022

Pyrochlore oxides A2B2O7 have been a fruitful playground for condensed matter physics because of the unique geometry in the crystal structure. Especially focusing on the A-site tetrahedral sub-lattice, in particular, pyrochlore oxides A2B2O7 (A = Sn, Pb and B = Nb, Ta), recent theoretical studies predict the emergence of the “quasi-flat band” structure as a result of the strong hybridization between filled A-ns and O-2p orbitals. In this work, we have established the growth conditions of Sn2Nb2O7, Sn2Ta2O7, Pb2Nb2O7, and Pb2Ta2O7 films by pulsed laser deposition on Y-stabilized ZrO2 (111) substrates to elucidate their optical properties. Absorption-edge energies, both for direct and indirect bandgaps, increase in the order of Sn2Nb2O7, Sn2Ta2O7, Pb2Nb2O7, and Pb2Ta2O7. This tendency can be well explained by considering the energy level of the constituent elements. A comparison of the difference between direct and indirect bandgaps reveals that Pb2B2O7 tends to have a less dispersive valence band than Sn2B2O7. Our findings are consistent with the theoretical predictions and are suggestive of the common existence of the hybridized states in this class of compounds.
Predicting pressure coefficients of wing surface based on the transfer of spatial dependency
Authors: Qu Xiyao , Liu Zijing , Yu Baiyang , An Wei , Liu Xuejun , Lyu Hongqiang
Published: May 2022

Multi-conditional holographic pressure coefficients over a wing are crucial for wing design, and a wind tunnel test is an indispensable means to obtain this profile. However, it is resource-consuming to obtain wind tunnel data under different conditions and only a limited number of sensors can be placed on the wing model during one test, which results in sparse pressure coefficient data with distribution inconsistency across cross sections and conditions. Thus, how to obtain pressure coefficients of more cross sections or even the whole wing surface with multiple conditions from the distribution-inconsistent sensor data becomes a challenging problem. Therefore, a deep learning framework based on transfer learning is proposed in this paper, in which the spatial dependency captured by a long short-term memory model between the obtained multi-conditional sensor data is transferred to other cross sections with few-condition data on the wing. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves high accuracy on the pressure coefficients prediction of distribution-inconsistent cross sections on wind tunnel test data, and thus improves data utilization and cuts costs by reducing wind tunnel tests under different design conditions. Our work proves the possibility of reconstructing the holographic flow field from sparse sensor data of wind tunnel tests and puts forward recommendations on the placement of sensors for achieving this goal.