bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific Mesothelial Signature Marks the Heterogeneity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Verardo Roberto , Piazza Silvano , Klaric Enio , Ciani Yari , Bussadori Giulio , Marzinotto Stefania , Mariuzzi Laura , Cesselli Daniela , Beltrami Antonio P. , Mano Miguel , Itoh Masayoshi , Kawaji Hideya , Lassmann Timo , Carninci Piero , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Forrest Alistair R. R. ,   The Fantom Consortium, Beltrami Carlo A. , Schneider Claudio
Published: July 2014

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are the precursors of various cell types that compose both normal and cancer tissue microenvironments. In order to support the widely diversified parenchymal cells and tissue organization, MSCs are characterized by a large degree of heterogeneity, although available analyses of molecular and transcriptional data do not provide clear evidence. We have isolated MSCs from high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HG-SOCs) and various normal tissues (N-MSCs), demonstrated their normal genotype and analyzed their transcriptional activity with respect to the large comprehensive FANTOM5 sample dataset. Our integrative analysis conducted against the extensive panel of primary cells and tissues of the FANTOM5 project allowed us to mark the HG-SOC-MSCs CAGE-seq transcriptional heterogeneity and to identify a cell-type-specific transcriptional activity showing a significant relationship with primary mesothelial cells. Our analysis shows that MSCs isolated from different tissues are highly heterogeneous. The mesothelial-related gene signature identified in this study supports the hypothesis that HG-SOC-MSCs are bona fide representatives of the ovarian district. This finding indicates that HG-SOC-MSCs could actually derive from the coelomic mesothelium, suggesting that they might be linked to the epithelial tumor through common embryological precursors. Stem Cells  2014;32:2998–3011
Brief Reports: A Distinct DNA Methylation Signature Defines Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Predicts Cancer Outcome
Authors: El Helou Rita , Wicinski Julien , Guille Arnaud , Adélaïde Jose , Finetti Pascal , Bertucci François , Chaffanet Max , Birnbaum Daniel , Charafe-Jauffret Emmanuelle , Ginestier Christophe
Published: July 2014

Self-renewal and differentiation are two epigenetic programs that regulate stem cells fate. Dysregulation of these two programs leads to the development of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recent evidence suggests that CSCs are relatively resistant to conventional therapies and responsible for metastasis formation. Deciphering these processes will help understand oncogenesis and allow the development of new targeted therapies. Here, we have used a whole genome promoter microarray to establish the DNA methylation portraits of breast cancer stem cells (bCSCs) and non-bCSCs. A total of 68 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were more hypomethylated in bCSCs than in non-bCSCs. Using a differentiation assay we demonstrated that DMRs are rapidly hypermethylated within the first 6 hours following induction of CSC differentiation whereas the cells reached the steady-state within 6 days, suggesting that these DMRs are linked to early CSC epigenetic regulation. These DMRs were significantly enriched in genes coding for TGF-β signaling-related proteins. Interestingly, DMRs hypomethylation was correlated to an overexpression of TGF-β signaling genes in a series of 109 breast tumors. Moreover, patients with tumors harboring the bCSC DMRs signature had a worse prognosis than those with non-bCSC DMRs signature. Our results show that bCSCs have a distinct DNA methylation landscape with TGF-β signaling as a key epigenetic regulator of bCSCs differentiation. Stem Cells  2014;32:3031–3036
SMAD Signaling Regulates CXCL12 Expression in the Bone Marrow Niche, Affecting Homing and Mobilization of Hematopoietic Progenitors
Authors: Khurana Satish , Melacarne Alessia , Yadak Rana , Schouteden Sarah , Notelaers Tineke , Pistoni Mariaelena , Maes Christa , Verfaillie Catherine M.
Published: July 2014

We recently demonstrated that ex vivo activation of SMAD-independent bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) influences their homing into the bone marrow (BM). Here, we assessed whether alterations in BMP signaling in vivo affects adult hematopoiesis by affecting the BM niche. We demonstrate that systemic inhibition of SMAD-dependent BMP signaling by infusion of the BMP antagonist noggin (NGN) significantly increased CXCL12 levels in BM plasma leading to enhanced homing and engraftment of transplanted HSPCs. Conversely, the infusion of BMP7 but not BMP4, resulted in decreased HSPC homing. Using ST2 cells as an in vitro model of BM niche, we found that incubation with neutralizing anti-BMP4 antibodies, NGN, or dorsomorphin (DM) as well as knockdown of Smad1/5 and Bmp4, all enhanced CXCL12 production. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified the SMAD-binding element in the CXCL12 promoter to which SMAD4 binds. When deleted, increased CXCL12 promoter activity was observed, and NGN or DM no longer affected Cxcl12 expression. Interestingly, BMP7 infusion resulted in mobilization of only short-term HSCs, likely because BMP7 affected CXCL12 expression only in osteoblasts but not in other niche components. Hence, we describe SMAD-dependent BMP signaling as a novel regulator of CXCL12 production in the BM niche, influencing HSPC homing, engraftment, and mobilization. Stem Cells  2014;32:3012–3022
Concise Review: Tissue-Specific Microvascular Endothelial Cells Derived From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Wilson Hannah K. , Canfield Scott G. , Shusta Eric V. , Palecek Sean P.
Published: July 2014

Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial cells (ECs) display significant heterogeneity across tissue types, playing an important role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis. Recent work demonstrating the derivation of tissue-specific microvascular endothelial cells (TS-MVECs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has ignited the potential to generate tissue-specific models which may be applied to regenerative medicine and in vitro modeling applications. Here, we review techniques by which hPSC-derived TS-MVECs have been made to date and discuss how current hPSC-EC differentiation protocols may be directed toward tissue-specific fates. We begin by discussing the nature of EC tissue specificity in vivo and review general hPSC-EC differentiation protocols generated over the last decade. Finally, we describe how specificity can be integrated into hPSC-EC protocols to generate hPSC-derived TS-MVECs in vitro, including EC and parenchymal cell coculture, directed differentiation, and direct reprogramming strategies. Stem Cells  2014;32:3037–3045
Combining Aromaticity and Strain with Tetsuo Nozoe—A Passage of Time with Friends
Authors: Halton Brian
Published: July 2014

Note from the Editor:

Tetsuo Nozoe lived his entire life on one of several island nations (Japan and Formosa, subsequently Taiwan, then returning to Japan). Those of us—and that is most of us!—who have never lived on an island nation likely cannot completely appreciate the ‘isolation’ and ‘lack of diversity’ that accompanies—along with many other valuable and happy consequences—such a life experience. As a New Zealander, colloquially as a Kiwi, Brian Halton shares this life experience with Nozoe. Indeed, New Zealand is far more isolated than either Japan or Taiwan in terms of distance to its nearest neighbor, population density, and size of its chemical community. Often during his career, Halton travelled to foreign lands, as did Nozoe, to fill his cup with collegiality and science. And Halton welcomed visitors to his beautiful country, as did Nozoe. Indeed, their mutual friendship was a blessing and honor to each of them. As Brian Halton tells his story of place and of science, I can well imagine Tetsuo Nozoe's response if he could read these words. He surely would have beamed in understanding these shared experiences!

—Jeffrey I. Seeman

Guest Editor

University of Richmond

Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA

E‐mail: jseeman@richmond.edu
High‐density polyethylene/natural rubber blends filled with thermoplastic tapioca starch: Physical and isothermal crystallization kinetics study
Authors: Kahar A.W.M. , Ismail H.
Published: July 2014

High‐density polyethylene/natural rubber (HDPE/NR) blends filled thermoplastic tapioca starch was studied. In this blend system, thermoplastic starch (TPS) acted as an inert component, and the influence of TPS incorporation was studied in terms of tensile properties and crystallization kinetics. Tensile properties of the blends were affected by the addition of TPS particles, which reflects the incompatibility and lack of adhesion at the interface. The effect of TPS incorporation on the crystallization behavior of the HDPE/NR blends was also evaluated at different predetermined crystallization temperatures. The isothermal crystallization data obtained in this study were analyzed by using the Avrami equation. The Avrami exponent for HDPE/NR and HDPE/NR‐10% TPS blends varied around 2.0 and slightly decreased around 1.8 for HDPE/NR‐30% TPS, implying the nucleation process is heterogeneous and the crystal growth is 2D. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 22:191–199, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Persuasive communication aimed at achieving wildlife‐disease management goals
Authors: Triezenberg Heather A. , Gore Meredith L. , Riley Shawn J. , Lapinski Maria K.
Published: July 2014

Achieving an adequate hunter harvest of game animals that meets wildlife‐disease management objectives is a challenge if hunters perceive too few animals relative to expectations. Persuasive communication is a strategy commonly used to influence human perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors in public health. Research on effectiveness of persuasive communication in the context of wildlife‐disease management is limited, however, which reduces the utility of communication as a management option. To gain insight into the effectiveness of persuasion in wildlife management, we experimentally evaluated a communication campaign aimed at influencing hunters' perceptions and behavioral intentions to harvest more antlerless white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Reduction of deer density is a prevailing management technique where bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) exists in wild deer populations. In 2012, we conducted an experiment with pre‐ and post‐exposure self‐administered mail questionnaires to survey deer hunters in Michigan, USA. Campaign materials were direct mailed with the post‐exposure survey. Paired change score analysis was used to evaluate effects of exposure to campaign materials for an intervention relative to control group. Respondents exposed to persuasive communication materials (n = 480) reported changes in perceptions of what others are doing, perceptions of risks from bovine tuberculosis, and behavioral intentions toward hunting and harvesting more antlerless deer. Changes in perceptions of risks from disease management policies negatively affecting deer hunting also were reported in the exposure group. Our results reveal communication can be most persuasive when it focuses on the activity of interest (deer hunting), communicates goals of management (wildlife‐disease management), and communicates actions individuals (deer hunters) can take to reduce risks. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Summer air temperature, reconstructions from the last glacial stage based on rodents from the site Taillis-des-Coteaux (Vienne), Western France
Authors: Royer Aurélien , Lécuyer Christophe , Montuire Sophie , Primault Jérôme , Fourel François , Jeannet Marcel
Published: July 2014

The oxygen isotope composition of phosphate from tooth enamel of rodents (δ18Op) constitutes a valuable proxy to reconstruct past air temperatures in continental environments. This method has been applied to rodent dental remains from three genera, Arvicola sp., Microtus sp. and Dicrostonyx sp., coming from Taillis-des-Coteaux, Vienne, France. This archaeological site contains an exceptionally preserved sedimentary sequence spanning almost the whole Upper Palaeolithic, including seven stratigraphic layers dated from 35 to 17 cal ka BP. The abundant presence of rodent remains offers the opportunity to quantify the climatic fluctuations coeval of the various stages of human occupation of the site. Differences between δ18Op values of Arvicola sp. and Microtus sp. teeth are interpreted as the result of heterochrony in tooth formation as well as differences in ecology. Mean δ18Op values of Microtus sp. are preferentially used to reconstruct summer air temperatures, which range from 16.0 ± 3.7 to 19.1 ± 3.1°C throughout the sedimentary sequence; however, the highest variability is observed during the last glacial maximum.
Boundary-layer flow and bed shear stress under a solitary wave: revision
Authors: Park Yong Sung , Verschaeve Joris , Pedersen Geir K. , Liu Philip L.-F.
Published: July 2014

We address two shortcomings in the article by Liu, Park & Cowen (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 574, 2007, pp. 449–463), which gave a theoretical and experimental treatise of the bottom boundary-layer under a solitary wave.
Terrorism and Voting: The Effect of Rocket Threat on Voting in Israeli Elections
Authors: GETMANSKY ANNA , ZEITZOFF THOMAS
Published: July 2014

How does the threat of becoming a victim of terrorism affect voting behavior? Localities in southern Israel have been exposed to rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip since 2001. Relying on variation across time and space in the range of rockets, we identify the effect of this threat on voting in Israeli elections. We first show that the evolution of the rockets’ range leads to exogenous variation in the threat of terrorism. We then compare voting in national elections within and outside the rockets’ range. Our results suggest that the right-wing vote share is 2 to 6 percentage points higher in localities that are within the range—a substantively significant effect. Unlike previous studies that explore the role of actual exposure to terrorism on political preferences and behavior, we show that the mere threat of an attack affects voting.
DoubleΓ-Convergence and Application to Energy Functionals
Authors: Chang Mao-Sheng
Published: July 2014

We introduce a ‘double’ version ofΓ-convergence, which we have named ‘doubleΓ-convergence’, and apply it to obtain theΓ-limit of double-perturbed energy functionals asp→ 1 andp→ +∞, respectively. The limit of (p, q)-type capacity asp→ 1 andp→ +∞, respectively, is also obtained in this manner.
The Economic Value of Realized Volatility: Using High-Frequency Returns for Option Valuation
Authors: Christoffersen Peter , Feunou Bruno , Jacobs Kris , Meddahi Nour
Published: July 2014

Many studies have documented that daily realized volatility estimates based on intraday returns provide volatility forecasts that are superior to forecasts constructed from daily returns only. We investigate whether these forecasting improvements translate into economic value added. To do so, we develop a new class of affine discrete-time option valuation models that use daily returns as well as realized volatility. We derive convenient closed-form option valuation formulas, and we assess the option valuation properties using Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 return and option data. We find that realized volatility reduces the pricing errors of the benchmark model significantly across moneyness, maturity, and volatility levels.
Genome evolution in trypanosomatid parasites
Authors: JACKSON ANDREW P.
Published: July 2014

A decade of genome sequencing has transformed our understanding of how trypanosomatid parasites have evolved and provided fresh impetus to explaining the origins of parasitism in the Kinetoplastida. In this review, I will consider the many ways in which genome sequences have influenced our view of genomic reduction in trypanosomatids; how species-specific genes, and the genomic domains they occupy, have illuminated the innovations in trypanosomatid genomes; and how comparative genomics has exposed the molecular mechanisms responsible for innovation and adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle.
Development of Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) in the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae)
Authors: NAPOLI ETTORE , BRIANTI EMANUELE , FALSONE LUIGI , GAGLIO GABRIELLA , FOIT SABRINA , ABRAMO FRANCESCA , ANNOSCIA GIADA , DANTAS-TORRES FILIPE , GIANNETTO SALVATORE , OTRANTO DOMENICO
Published: July 2014

To investigate larval development of Acanthocheilonema reconditum in the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis, fleas were fed through an artificial feeding system with dog blood containing different concentrations of microfilariae (i.e. low, group L = 250; medium, group M = 500; high, group H = 1500 microfilariae per mL) or no microfilariae (group C). Fleas were sampled at 12 different time-points throughout the study period (D1–D28) and A. reconditum was detected by dissection, PCR and histology. Of 2105 fleas fed with infected dog blood, 891 (38·7%) died during the study before being sampled whilst the remaining (n = 1214) were examined for A. reconditum. Upon dissection, first-stage larvae (L1) were identified after 2 days post infection (D2), second-stage (L2) at D13 and infective third-stage larvae (L3) at D15. Eighteen (30%) of 60 pools of fleas molecularly examined tested positive. Histologically, L2 were detected at D13 in the sub-cuticle region embedded in the back muscle of one female flea. This study provides original data on larval development of A. reconditum in C. felis and reports on the usefulness of the artificial feeding system.
Genetic diversity ofPlasmodium vivaxover time and space: a community-based study in rural Amazonia
Authors: BATISTA CAMILLA L. , BARBOSA SUSANA , DA SILVA BASTOS MELISSA , VIANA SUSANA ARIANE S. , FERREIRA MARCELO U.
Published: July 2014

To examine how community-level genetic diversity of the malaria parasitePlasmodium vivaxvaries across time and space, we investigated the dynamics of parasite polymorphisms during the early phases of occupation of a frontier settlement in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Microsatellite characterization of 84 isolates ofP. vivaxsampled over 3 years revealed a moderate-to-high genetic diversity (mean expected heterozygosity, 0·699), with a large proportion (78·5%) of multiple-clone infections (MCI), but also a strong multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) consistent with rare outcrossing. Little temporal and no spatial clustering was observed in the distribution of parasite haplotypes. A single microsatellite haplotype was shared by 3 parasites collected during an outbreak; all other 81 haplotypes were recovered only once. The lowest parasite diversity, with the smallest proportion of MCI and the strongest LD, was observed at the time of the outbreak, providing a clear example of epidemic population structure in a human pathogen. Population genetic parameters returned to pre-outbreak values during last 2 years of study, despite the concomitant decline in malaria incidence. We suggest that parasite genotyping can be useful for tracking the spread of new parasite strains associated with outbreaks in areas approaching malaria elimination.
Who Is My Neighbour? Understanding Indifference as a Vice
Authors: Lillehammer Hallvard
Published: July 2014

Indifference is often described as a vice. Yet who is indifferent; to what; and in what way is poorly understood, and frequently subject to controversy and confusion. This paper proposes a framework for the interpretation and analysis of ethically problematic forms of indifference in terms of how different states of indifference can be either more or less dynamic, or more or less sensitive to the nature and state of their object.
Target-tools recognition method based on an image feature library for space station cabin service robots
Authors: Cheng Lingbo , Jiang Zhihong , Li Hui , Wei Bo , Huang Qiang
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a method to improve the speed and accuracy rate for space robot visual target recognition based on illumination and affine invariant feature extraction. The method takes illumination changes, strong nonlinear light due to refraction and reflection, target affine transformation and occlusion into consideration, all of which occur on the cabin target surface and affect the target recognition accuracy seriously. In this paper, a method is proposed to capture a same target at multi-viewpoints to establish feature library for high recognition accuracy and speed at any viewpoint. By using an analysis of the light intensity and gray level transformation, we obtain the corrected image which reduce the influence of illumination change. Then the affine moment invariants features of the correction images at multi-viewpoints were extracted and the average feature datum were stored in the library. To verify the validity of the method, a robot vision system provided images, followed by image preprocessing, dynamic local threshold segmentation and feature extraction. These methods were verified on a target recognition system of space robot built for this research. The experimental results showed that the methods were feasible and effective.
A Fractured Position in a Stable Partnership: Ebba Hult, Gerard De Geer, and Early Twentieth Century Swedish Geology
Authors: Bergwik Staffan
Published: July 2014

Argument

This article explores the scientific partnership between geology professor Gerard De Geer and his wife Ebba Hult following their marriage in 1908. De Geer was an influential participant in Swedish academia and international geology. Hult worked as his assistant until his death in 1943. The partnership was beneficial for both spouses, in particular through the semi-private Geochronological Institute, which they controlled. The article argues that marriage was a culturally acknowledged form of collaboration in the academic community, and as such it offered Hult access to geological research. However, the paper also argues that the gendered scientific institutions produced a fractured position. Partly, Hult managed to create her own role as researcher in geochronology. As a woman and a wife, however, she never moved out of her husband's shadow. Gender is understood as a relational category: Hult was an outsider who participated partially in standardized structures which gave great power to her husband and other men. The fact that she shared this status with other women in Swedish science at the time indicates the structural nature of their position. Nevertheless, they all had individual trajectories through academia. Indeed, the study of collaborative couples illustrates the multifaceted links between individual actions and the historical context of science.
CROSSLINGUISTIC DIFFERENCES IN IMPLICIT LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Leung Janny H. C. , Williams John N.
Published: July 2014

We report three experiments that explore the effect of prior linguistic knowledge on implicit language learning. Native speakers of English from the United Kingdom and native speakers of Cantonese from Hong Kong participated in experiments that involved different learning materials. In Experiment 1, both participant groups showed evidence of learning a mapping between articles and noun animacy. In Experiment 2, neither group showed learning of a mapping between articles and a linguistically anomalous concept (the number of capital letters in an English word or that of strokes in a Chinese character). In Experiment 3, the Chinese group, but not the English group, showed evidence of learning a mapping between articles and a concept derived from the Chinese classifier system. It was concluded that first language knowledge affected implicit language learning and that implicit learning, at least when natural language learning is concerned, is subject to constraints and biases.
Reinfection after successful eradication ofHelicobacter pyloriin three different populations in Alaska
Authors: BRUCE M. G. , BRUDEN D. L. , MORRIS J. M. , REASONOVER A. L. , SACCO F. , HURLBURT D. , HENNESSY T. W. , GOVE J. , PARKINSON A. , SAHAGUN G. , DAVIS P. , KLEJKA J. , McMAHON B. J.
Published: July 2014

We performed a study to determine rates of reinfection in three groups followed for 2 years after successful treatment: American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons living in urban (group 1) and rural (group 2) communities, and urban Alaska non-Native persons (group 3). We enrolled adults diagnosed withH. pyloriinfection based on a positive urea breath test (13C-UBT). After successful treatment was documented at 2 months, we tested each patient by13C-UBT at 4, 6, 12 and 24 months. At each visit, participants were asked about medication use, illnesses and risk factors for reinfection. We followed 229 persons for 2 years or until they became reinfected.H. pylorireinfection occurred in 36 persons; cumulative reinfection rates were 14·5%, 22·1%, and 12·0% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Study participants who became reinfected were more likely to have peptic ulcer disease (P = 0·02), low education level (P = 0·04), or have a higher proportion of household members infected withH. pyloricompared to participants who did not become reinfected (P = 0·03). Among all three groups, reinfection occurred at rates higher than those reported for other US populations (<5% at 2 years); rural AI/AN individuals appear to be at highest risk for reinfection.
Assessing Levels of Hospital Emergency Preparedness
Authors: Adini Bruria , Goldberg Avishay , Laor Danny , Cohen Robert , Zadok Roni , Bar-Dayan Yaron
Published: July 2014

Introduction:

Emergency preparedness can be defined by the preparedness pyramid, which identifies planning, infrastructure, knowledge and capabilities, and training as the major components of maintaining a high level of preparedness.The aim of this article is to review the characteristics of contingency plans for mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) and models for assessing the emergency preparedness of hospitals.

Characteristics of Contingency Plans:

Emergency preparedness should focus on community preparedness, a personnel augmentation plan, and communications and public policies for funding the emergency preparedness. The capability to cope with a MCI serves as a basis for preparedness for non-conventional events. Coping with chemical casualties necessitates decontamination of casualties, treating victims with acute stress reactions, expanding surge capacities of hospitals, and integrating knowledge through drills. Risk communication also is important.

Assessment of Emergency Preparedness:

An annual assessment of the emergency plan is required in order to assure emergency preparedness. Preparedness assessments should include: (1) elements of disaster planning; (2) emergency coordination; (3) communication; (4) training; (5) expansion of hospital surge capacity; (6) personnel; (7) availability of equipment; (8) stockpiles of medical supplies; and (9) expansion of laboratory capacities. The assessment program must be based on valid criteria that are measurable, reliable, and enable conclusions to be drawn. There are several assessment tools that can be used, including surveys, parameters, capabilities evaluation, and self-assessment tools.

Summary:

Healthcare systems are required to prepare an effective response model to cope with MCIs. Planning should be envisioned as a process rather than a production of a tangible product. Assuring emergency preparedness requires a structured methodology that will enable an objective assessment of the level of readiness.
Migrant youth’s emerging dietary patterns in Haiti: the role of peer social engagement
Authors: Heckert Jessica , Boatemaa Sandra , Altman Claire E
Published: July 2014

Objective

The present study examines whether rural-to-urban migrant youth consume a greater diversity of high-sugar beverages and fried snacks (HSBFS) compared with their peers who remain in rural areas. It also tests whether the association between migration and HSBFS diversity is moderated by migrant youth’s social engagement with their peers.

Design

Participants were recruited in August and September 2011 following the completion of primary school (6th grade) and shortly before many rural youth migrate to urban areas. Participants were re-interviewed six months later. HSBFS diversity was assessed at follow-up; analyses control for baseline and follow-up characteristics.

Setting

Baseline interviews occurred in rural Southeast Haiti. Follow-up interviews of migrants occurred at urban destinations in Haiti.

Subjects

The sample includes 215 youth (mean age 15·9 years; 43·3 % female; 21·9 % rural-to-urban migrants) who were interviewed at baseline and follow-up.

Results

Rural-to-urban migrant youth consumed a greater diversity of HSBFS products at follow-up than their rural counterparts (b=0·70,P≤0·05). Moreover, we found that this relationship varied by level of peer social engagement. Youth who migrated and had a high degree of peer social engagement consumed 2·2 additional types of HSBFS products daily than their counterparts who remained in rural areas and had low peer social engagement.

Conclusions

Higher HSBFS diversity among migrant youth is consistent with the patterns proposed by the nutrition transition. Interactions with peers may have an important influence as migrant youth adopt new dietary preferences. Emerging dietary patterns among youth migrants have important implications for health trajectories and the development of degenerative diseases.
Competitive Dynamics on Complex Networks
Authors: Zhao Jiuhua , Liu Qipeng , Wang Xiaofan
Published: July 2014

We consider a dynamical network model in which two competitors have fixed and different states and each normal agent adjusts its state according to a distributed consensus protocol. The state of each normal agent converges to a steady value which is a convex combination of the competitors' states and is independent of the initial states of agents. This implies that the competition result is fully determined by the network structure and positions of competitors in the network. We compute an Influence Matrix (IM) in which each element characterizing the influence of an agent on another agent in the network. We use the IM to predict the bias of each normal agent and thus predict which competitor will win. Furthermore, we compare the IM criterion with seven node centrality measures to predict the winner. We find that the competitor with higher Katz Centrality in an undirected network or higher PageRank in a directed network is most likely to be the winner. These findings may shed new light on the role of network structure in competition and to what extent could competitors adjust network structure so as to win the competition.
Determination of As in particulate matter using Se as an internal standard by multi-element electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Pasias I. N. , Koukoulakis K. G. , Bartzis G. , Mologousi A. I. , Bakeas E. B.
Published: July 2014

In this study Se has been evaluated as a potential internal standard for the determination of As in particulate matter using multi-element electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
HPLC-DAD method for metabolic fingerprinting of the phenotyping of sugarcane genotypes
Authors: Leme Gabriel Mazzi , Coutinho Isabel Duarte , Creste Silvana , Hojo Ossamu , Carneiro Renato Lajarim , Bolzani Vanderlan da Silva , Cavalheiro Alberto José
Published: July 2014

Metabolite profiling techniques play an important role in the phenotyping and diagnostic analysis of plants.
A homolytic oxy-functionalization mechanism: intermolecular hydrocarbyl migration from M–R to vanadate oxo
Authors: Cheng Mu-Jeng , Nielsen Robert J. , Goddard III William A.
Published: July 2014

Carbon–oxygen bond formation proceeds via intermolecular phenyl migration from OVCl2Ph to the oxo of OVCl3.
PCR quantification of SiO2 particle uptake in cells in the ppb and ppm range via silica encapsulated DNA barcodes
Authors: Hoop Marcus , Paunescu Daniela , Stoessel Philipp R. , Eichenseher Fritz , Stark Wendelin J. , Grass Robert N.
Published: July 2014

The cellular uptake of silica nanoparticles loaded with a DNA barcode can be detected at a 10 fg per cell level utilizing qPCR analytics.
In situ formation of well-dispersed palladium nanoparticles immobilized in imidazolium-based organic ionic polymers
Authors: Zhao Huaixia , Wang Yangxin , Wang Ruihu
Published: July 2014

A new strategy for the synthesis of well-dispersed palladium nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized in imidazolium-based porous organic ionic polymers was presented in this study. The as-synthesized polymers showed excellent catalytic activity and reusability in the hydrogenation of nitroarenes without extra addition of palladium species.
Gold-catalyzed intermolecular oxidation of o-alkynylbiaryls: an easy and practical access to functionalized fluorenes
Authors: Pan Fei , Liu Shuang , Shu Chao , Lin Rong-Kun , Yu Yong-Fei , Zhou Jin-Mei , Ye Long-Wu
Published: July 2014

A novel gold-catalyzed intermolecular oxidation of o-alkynylbiaryls has been developed. A variety of functionalized fluorenes are readily accessed by utilizing this non-diazo approach, thus providing a viable alternative to synthetically useful fluorenes.
Sustainable processing of waste polypropylene to produce high yield valuable Fe/carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Junhao , Zhang Longmei , Yang Huan , Kong Qinghong , Liu Yuanjun , Yuan Aihua
Published: July 2014

This study presents an environmentally benign and solvent-free autogenic process to produce sponge-like Fe/carbon nanotube nanocomposites by catalytic pyrolysis of waste polypropylene (PP) at 600 °C.
Exfoliation of one-dimensional TiO5 chain in K2TiO3
Authors: Masubuchi Yuji , Miyazaki Ryo , Kikuchi Hiroki , Motohashi Teruki , Kikkawa Shinichi
Published: July 2014

Potassium titanate, K2TiO3, was exfoliated in acid solution, and Tyndall scattering due to the colloid formation was observed.
New heterometallic Ir(iii)2–Eu(iii) complexes: white light emission from a single molecule
Authors: Baschieri Andrea , Muzzioli Sara , Matteucci Elia , Stagni Stefano , Massi Massimiliano , Sambri Letizia
Published: July 2014

Pure white light emission from a single-molecule Ir2(iii)–Eu(iii) complex can be achieved with appropriate ligands.
Femtosecond X-ray diffraction maps field-driven charge dynamics in ionic crystals
Authors: Woerner Michael , Holtz Marcel , Juvé Vincent , Elsaesser Thomas , Borgschulte Andreas
Published: July 2014

X-Ray diffraction provides insight into the distribution of electronic charge in crystals. Equilibrium electron distributions have been determined with high spatial resolution by recording and analysing a large number of diffraction peaks under stationary conditions. In contrast, transient electron densities during and after structure-changing processes are mainly unknown. Recently, we have introduced femtosecond X-ray powder diffraction from polycrystalline samples to determine transient electron density maps with a spatial resolution of 0.03 nm and a temporal resolution of 100 fs. In a pump–probe approach with a laser-driven tabletop hard X-ray source, optically induced structure changes are resolved in time by diffracting the hard X-ray probe pulses at different time delays from the excited powder sample and recording up to several tens of reflections simultaneously. Time-dependent changes of the atomic arrangement in the crystal lattice as well as modified electron densities are derived from the diffraction data. As a prototypical field-driven process, we address here quasi-instantaneous changes of electron density in LiBH4, LiH and NaBH4in response to a non-resonant strong optical field. The light-induced charge relocation in LiBH4and NaBH4exhibits an electron transfer from the anion (BH−4) to the respective cation. The distorted geometry of the BH4tetrahedron in LiBH4leads to different contributions of the H atoms to electron transfer. LiH displays a charge transfer from Li to H,i.e., an increase of the ionicity of LiH in the presence of the strong electric field. This unexpected behavior originates from strong electron correlations in LiH as is evident from a comparison with quasi-particle bandstructures calculated within the Coulomb-hole-plus-screened-exchange (COHSEX) formalism.
Oxide diffusion in innovative SOFC cathode materials
Authors: Hu Y. , Thoréton V. , Pirovano C. , Capoen E. , Bogicevic C. , Nuns N. , Mamede A.-S. , Dezanneau G. , Vannier R. N.
Published: July 2014

Oxide diffusion was studied in two innovative SOFC cathode materials, Ba2Co9O14 and Ca3Co4O9+δ derivatives. Although oxygen diffusion was confirmed in the promising material Ba2Co9O14, it was not possible to derive accurate transport parameters because of an oxidation process at the sample surface which has still to be clarified. In contrast, oxygen diffusion in the well-known Ca3Co4O9+δ thermoelectric material was improved when calcium was partly substituted with strontium, likely due to an increase of the volume of the rock salt layers in which the conduction process takes place. Although the diffusion coefficient remains low, interestingly, fast kinetics towards the oxygen molecule dissociation reaction were shown with surface exchange coefficients higher than those reported for the best cathode materials in the field. They increased with the strontium content; the Sr atoms potentially play a key role in the mechanism of oxygen molecule dissociation at the solid surface.
Phenolic metabolites and substantial microbiome changes in pig feces by ingesting grape seed proanthocyanidins
Authors: Choy Ying Yng , Quifer-Rada Paola , Holstege Dirk M. , Frese Steven A. , Calvert Christopher C. , Mills David A. , Lamuela-Raventos Rosa M. , Waterhouse Andrew L.
Published: July 2014

Proanthocyanidin (PAC) consumption has been linked to better colonic health, but PACs are poorly absorbed, making them a target for colonic metabolism.
Bi-compartmental elderly or adult dynamic digestion models applied to interrogate protein digestibility
Authors: Levi Carmit Shani , Lesmes Uri
Published: July 2014

Dynamic yet genericin vitrodigestion models enable the comparison of the digestibility of liquid formulations in adults and the elderly.
A superhydrophobic chip based on SU-8 photoresist pillars suspended on a silicon nitride membrane
Authors: Marinaro Giovanni , Accardo Angelo , De Angelis Francesco , Dane Thomas , Weinhausen Britta , Burghammer Manfred , Riekel Christian
Published: July 2014

We developed a new generation of superhydrophobic chips optimized for probing ultrasmall sample quantities by X-ray scattering and fluorescence techniques.
Reactivity–activity relationships of oral anti-diabetic vanadium complexes in gastrointestinal media: an X-ray absorption spectroscopic study
Authors: Levina Aviva , McLeod Andrew I. , Kremer Lauren E. , Aitken Jade B. , Glover Christopher J. , Johannessen Bernt , Lay Peter A.
Published: July 2014

X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) speciation of vanadium pro-drugs in artificial digestive juices has delineated biotransformations after oral administration.
Well-defined polyethylene molecular brushes by polyhomologation and ring opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Zhang Hefeng , Gnanou Yves , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: July 2014

Well-defined polyethylene molecular brushes were synthesized, for the first time, by combining polyhomologation and ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP).
Efficient hydrogenation of aromatic aldehydes to corresponding benzyl alcohols over Ni–B/MIL-101
Authors: Kong Xiangjin , Liu Junhai
Published: July 2014

Ni–B amorphous alloy particles incorporated onto MIL-101 were prepared by a simple reduction impregnation method, and exhibited excellent catalytic activities for liquid-phase chemoselective hydrogenation of aromatic aldehydes to corresponding benzyl alcohols.
Dynamics under confinement: torsional dynamics of Auramine O in a nanocavity
Authors: Singh Prabhat K. , Mora Aruna K. , Murudkar Sushant , Nath Sukhendu
Published: July 2014

Confinement inside the novel anionic sulphobutylether β-cyclodextrin nanocavity significantly slows down the torsional relaxation in Auramine O as compared to native β-CD.
Synthesis of poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant and its use in the synthesis of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate nanoparticles containing azo-dye
Authors: Ko Yee Song , Circu Monica V. , Geiger Thomas , Dünki Simon , Nüesch Frank A. , Opris Dorina M.
Published: July 2014

A new poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant was synthesized and used in inverse miniemulsion polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with encapsulated Disperse Red 1.
The regulation of PCR by thiolated single-stranded DNA for enhanced specificity
Authors: Zhang Guangyuan , Sun Hongwei , Li Fan , Yang Shuke , Gao Rui , Xu Xiaohui , Lu Xingbo
Published: July 2014

5′-end 6-mercapto-1-hexane-labeled single-stranded DNA (HS-ssDNA) can dramatically enhance the specificity of DNA duplication during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Synthesis of supramolecular ionic liquid grafted three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene as a modified cationic polymer
Authors: Kazerooni Hanif , Nassernejad Bahram
Published: July 2014

In this report, supramolecular ionic liquid supported on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene-based frameworks with folate (SIL-g-3D-(N)GFs-folate) was successfully synthesized and characterized.
Optic fiber-based immunosensor for the rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis C virus in serum
Authors: Xiao Rui , Rong Zhen , Chen Suhong , Chen Wei , Wang Shengqi
Published: July 2014

A portable optic fiber-based immunosensor is developed to achieve rapid and sensitive hepatitis C virus detection in serum.
Non-catalytic dehydration of N,N′-diacetylchitobiose in high-temperature water
Authors: Osada Mitsumasa , Kikuta Kazushi , Yoshida Kohei , Totani Kazuhide , Ogata Makoto , Usui Taichi
Published: July 2014

Non-catalytic synthesis of 4-O-β-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosyl 2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxydidehydro-glucopyranose (GND) from chitin disaccharide, N,N′-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc)2, was achieved, with a maximum yield of 24.7% in high-temperature water at 120–220 °C and 25 MPa with a reaction time of 8–39 s.
New chemical probes targeting cholesterylation of Sonic Hedgehog in human cells and zebrafish
Authors: Ciepla Paulina , Konitsiotis Antonios D. , Serwa Remigiusz A. , Masumoto Naoko , Leong Wai P. , Dallman Margaret J. , Magee Anthony I. , Tate Edward W.
Published: July 2014

Alkynyl-cholesterol probes tag and track Hedgehog protein, illuminating the role of protein cholesterylation in secretion, transport complex formation and signalling, and enabling quantitative proteomic analysis, imaging, and detection of cholesterylation in developing zebrafish.
Surface micro/nanotopography, wetting properties and the potential for biomimetic icephobicity of skunk cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus
Authors: Ramachandran Rahul , Nosonovsky Michael
Published: July 2014

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is known for its two remarkable properties: superhydrophobicity and thermogenesis; however, the relationship between these two properties remains obscure.
Hierarchical, core–shell meso-ZSM-5@mesoporous aluminosilicate-supported Pt nanoparticles for bifunctional hydrocracking
Authors: Wang Darui , Xu Le , Wu Peng
Published: July 2014

A series of well-defined, core–shell-structured composite materials comprising microporous/mesoporous ZSM-5 as core and mesoporous aluminosilicate as shell were synthesized by combining controlled desilication using sodium hydroxide solution with subsequent self-assembly using a triblock copolymer.
Current status and future direction for examining engineered nanoparticles in natural systems
Authors: Montaño Manuel D. , Lowry Gregory V. , von der Kammer Frank , Blue Julie , Ranville James F.
Published: July 2014

Environmental context
The detection and characterisation of engineered nanomaterials in the environment is essential for exposure and risk assessment for this emerging class of materials. However, the ubiquitous presence of naturally occurring nanomaterials presents a unique challenge for the accurate determination of engineered nanomaterials in environmental matrices. New techniques and methodologies are being developed to overcome some of these issues by taking advantage of subtle differences in the elemental and isotopic ratios within these nanomaterials.

Abstract
The increasing manufacture and implementation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) will continue to lead to the release of these materials into the environment. Reliably assessing the environmental exposure risk of ENMs will depend highly on the ability to quantify and characterise these materials in environmental samples. However, performing these measurements is obstructed by the complexity of environmental sample matrices, physiochemical processes altering the state of the ENM and the high background of naturally occurring nanoparticles (NNPs), which may be similar in size, shape and composition to their engineered analogues. Current analytical techniques can be implemented to overcome some of these obstacles, but the ubiquity of NNPs presents a unique challenge requiring the exploitation of properties that discriminate engineered and natural nanomaterials. To this end, new techniques are being developed that take advantage of the nature of ENMs to discern them from naturally occurring analogues. This paper reviews the current techniques utilised in the detection and characterisation of ENMs in environmental samples as well as discusses promising new approaches to overcome the high backgrounds of NNPs. Despite their occurrence in the atmosphere and soil, this review will be limited to a discussion of aqueous-based samples containing ENMs, as this environment will serve as a principal medium for the environmental dispersion of ENMs.
Plant-induced differentiation of soil variables and nematode community structure in a Mediterranean serpentine ecosystem
Authors: Monokrousos Nikolaos , Charalampidis George , Boutsis George , Sousanidou Varvara , Papatheodorou Efimia M. , Argyropoulou Maria D.
Published: July 2014

Abiotic and biotic components of a serpentine Mediterranean soil were studied in terms of heavy metal and nutrient concentrations, microbial biomass, and structural and functional characteristics of the soil nematode community. We explored differentiations of the soil environment imposed by vegetation, sampling the bare soil and soil under Buxus sempervirens, Juniperus oxycedrus, Cistus creticus and Thymus sibthorpii. Organic matter, microbial biomass, nutrient availability and calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio of the serpentine site were similar to those of degraded, non-serpentine Mediterranean ecosystems; the serpentine site showed potassium deficiency and high heavy metal load. Soil nematode abundance, especially of phytoparasites, was very low. Low enrichment and structure indices and high channel index values indicated a degraded, low-resource, stressful environment where fungal decomposition predominates. There was no differentiation of heavy metal concentrations among microsites. Bare soil exhibited high pH, low water content, low Ca/Mg (0.68), low nutrient concentrations, low abundance of most nematode groups, low values of maturity and plant parasitic indices, low nematode diversity and a distinct generic composition. Rhizosphere soil was differentiated according to the evergreen–sclerophyllous or seasonal–dimorphic habit of shrubs. This was reflected in soil nutrients and in all parameters of the soil nematode community.