bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimizing The Number Of Tardy Jobs Algorithm
Authors: Le Khuong , So Andrew
Published: November 2023

In most scheduling problems, we have to solve not having enough time to complete a given set of tasks. The usual assumption is that we have m set of jobs and n set of identical machines to handle such tasks. In this paper, we break the problem into different scheduling scenarios to solve this issue for minimizing the number of tardy jobs. Afterward, we talk about the applications and research in this type of scheduling
Stator current signal crossing for fault diagnosis of self-excited induction generators
Authors: Belynda Fares , Abdelli Radia , Bouzida Ahcene
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a novel method for modelling and diagnosis of electrical and mechanical faults in fixed-Speed Self-Excited Induction Generators (SEIGs) operating in autonomous mode in a small-scale wind energy system. The proposed method is validated using the finite element method. After the selection of the magnetising capacitors, the self-excitation process is performed under no-load conditions. Once the stator voltage is established, a symmetrical three-phase load is connected. The fault detection method introduced here is called Stator Current Signal Crossing (SCSC). The SCSC extracts a new signal from the stator currents, that enables the detection of stator inter turn shortcircuits, broken rotor bars, and dynamic eccentricity faults in SEIGs. A spectral analysis of SCSC using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm is used to precisely locate the induced fault components. What sets this fault-tracking method apart from its predecessors is its exceptional ability to detect faults of any magnitude by analysing the modulation of the SCSC signal. These faults are directly identified by the presence of distinct harmonics, each indicative of a specific type of fault. This study also focuses on the SEIG in a wind energy system, whereas previous works have mainly addressed the induction machine in motor mode. In contrast, previous methods involved analysing a single current signal and isolating specific harmonics from a wide frequency range. The effectiveness of the proposed fault detection method and the self-excitation process are illustrated by simulation results and spectral analysis.
Fake face detection based on a multi discriminator deep CNN architecture (MDD-CNN)
Authors: Bencheriet Chemesse Ennehar , Abdelmoumène Hiba , Sebbagh Abdennour , Yahiyaoui Abdennour , Taba Zahra
Published: November 2023

Due to the robustness of the deep learning tools used to design these applications, fakes are becoming increasingly common as these applications become more widely available and accessible to the general public. These fakes are typically fake faces or even fake people, which are difficult to distinguish from real individuals. Therefore, we need more efficient applications for fraud detection. In this work, we propose a new multi-discriminator architecture to distinguish fake faces from real ones. The architecture consists of three deep networks (discriminators) competing with each other, each trained differently. The final decision is made by voting based on the decisions of the three discriminators. The core element of our architecture is the proposed new adversarial deep network discriminator (NDGAN), which is trained in three different ways, resulting in three distinct discriminators. Discriminator 1 undergoes adversarial training, discriminator 2 is trained using transfer learning, and the third discriminator undergoes supervised training with a standard CNN using examples and counterexamples. Training and testing were performed on 70 000 real faces from the Flickr-Face-HQ (FFHQ) dataset, while 70 000 fake faces were generated using Nvidia’s StyleGAN. The tests conducted on the three networks produced significant results, with accuracy ranging from 79 % to 98 % for fake faces, and from 80 % to 98 % for real faces. The reliability of the discriminators contributes significantly to the overall performance of the multi-discriminator system, achieving an accuracy of 96 % for fake faces and 98 % for real faces.
Geometric approach to solving inverse kinematics of six DOF robot with spherical joints
Authors: Hadidi Nacer , Bouaziz Mohamed , Mahfoudi Chawki , Zaharuddin Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Inverse kinematics is a fundamental concept in robotics that plays a crucial role in a robot’s ability to perform tasks. In this contribution, we propose a novel geometric approach based on vector calculus to solve the inverse kinematics problem. The primary advantage of this approach originates from the solutions, which exhibit a linear form and uncoupled equations. To validate the effectiveness and correctness of our proposed method, we constructed a six-degrees-of-freedom robot. This robot is controlled by an Arduino Mega 2650 on which we have implemented the inverse kinematics algorithm. The validation process involved considering various desired trajectories of the end-effector, which were simulated in Matlab and then performed by the physical robot. Importantly, our findings confirm that the end-effector successfully tracks the predefined trajectories. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative analysis between Paul’s method and the results obtained from joint angles using our proposed approach. Interestingly, our study reveals a significant similarity between the two sets of results, reaffirming the accuracy and validity of the approach presented in this study.
Improving QoS in mobile multimedia streaming with SCTP-PQ
Authors: Hüseynli Alisettar , Şimşek Mehmet , Akcayol M. Ali
Published: November 2023

The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is often the preferred transport layer protocol in streaming applications. This protocol combines the best aspects of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), but also offers additional features. SCTP supports multihoming and multi-streaming applications and has a congestion mechanism like TCP. Media streaming consists of different types of frames with different levels of importance. For example, I-frames carry more information than B-frames in Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). Usually, MPEG frames are processed using the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) algorithm. In this paper, a four-level priority queue integrated protocol named SCTP Priority Queue (SCTP-PQ) has been developed to reduce jitter and delay in real-time multimedia streaming for mobile devices. As part of the development, priority and retransmitted packets are determined on the sending side and these packets are processed faster by using the priority queue on the receiving side. In this way, the average queue delay of priority packets on the receiving side is reduced by 90 % and the throughput values are increased by an average of 10 times. The developed protocol has been extensively tested and compared with SCTP. The results show that the SCTP-PQ outperforms the standard SCTP in terms of jitter and delay.
Language situation and language policy in-education in Zimbabwe: A perspective towards Tonga learners
Authors:   The University of Zambia, Hang’ombe Khama , Mumpande Isaac ,   The University of Zimbabwe
Published: November 2023

This study examines the language situation in Zimbabwe with a bias towards the language policy in-education. It seeks to establish the effect of the language policy in-education in Zimbabwe on the academic performance of the Tonga learners. The researchers sought to establish how the use of either Shona or Ndebele as medium of instruction and the learning of these languages as subjects negatively impacted on the performance of Tonga learners in primary schools. Our analysis goes beyond understanding the academic performance of Tonga learners and also seeks to establish the impact of such a status quo on other aspects of the Tonga people’s lives such as culture and identity because whatever goes on in the classroom has a bearing on these social arenas. The data for this study were collected from native Tonga speakers, especially those that went to school before the language policy changed, that is, who were using Shona, Ndebele and/or English as medium of instruction in the education system in Zimbabwe at lower grades. The study established that the peripheralisation and marginalisation of Tonga in the education sector dealt a huge blow on the psyche, and self-confidence of the Tonga learners and their society at large in Zimbabwe. The study concluded that there is however, hope for the Tonga learners and community, ensuing from the official recognition of Tonga language, among other former marginalised languages, in the 2013 National Constitution and the subsequent amendment of the Education Act in 2020. These two critical developments will, without doubt, reverse the hegemony of Shona and Ndebele languages as medium of instructions in schools.
Quantitative and qualitative benefits of translanguaging pedagogic practice among first graders in multilingual classrooms of Lundazi district in Zambia
Authors:   University of Zambia, Nyimbili Friday , Mwanza David Sani
Published: November 2023

The aim of the paper is assess the pedagogical benefits of translanguaging using a quasi-experiment where two literacy classes with similar sociolinguistic composition were taught differently. In this case, the control class strictly followed the ‘monolingual’ language policy while the experimental class was taught using translanguaging. The idea was to see whether translanguaging could lead to any measurable literacy development benefits on the learner. Through interviews with the class teacher and classroom observations, the paper also sought to bring out the qualitative benefits which were observed or experienced throughout the experiment. A total of 82 pupils participated in the study with one teacher who taught both classes. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS and a Levene’s test of variance was used to analyse the test results while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data analysis. Post experimental test results showed higher average mean scores for the experimental group (M=15.10) than the control group (M=11.71). The Cohen’s d=0.98 for the post-test showed the large effect size above .8. The performance of learners in the experimental group was significantly different from the control group [t (52.960 = 4.454, p<0.001]. Thus, the difference in literacy performance can be attributed to the translanguaging practices which were used to teach literacy in the experimental class. Additional results showed that as a result of translanguaging, there was increased learner classroom participation, multiliteracy development, cultural preservation and learners’ identity affirmation. The study concludes that when the curriculum is decolonised and the classroom is liberated through recognition of learners’ linguistic repertoires, learning outcomes improve. The paper makes a unique contribution to knowledge by providing objective data from an experiment to show the educational benefits of translanguaging.
Un acercamiento a las experiencias escolares de estudiantes migrante de retorno de nivel licenciatura
Authors: Ramírez Argelia , Izquierdo Isabel , Gonzaga Andrés Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Se presentan los primeros resultados de una investigación que se está realizando sobre las experiencias de los estudiantes migrantes de retorno en la Universidad Veracruzana (UV), con la finalidad de conocer desde su propia versión, los retos a los que se enfrentaron durante su regreso. Se realizaron entrevistas donde relataron su integración en la sociedad mexicana y el sistema educativo. Para este estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, la información se analizó desde una perspectiva deductiva basándose en Vargas (2018), quien propone tres tipos de barreras que afrontan los migrantes educativos al retornar al país, las barreras estructurales (económico y administrativas), culturales y sociales, y algunas de sus características fueron halladas en las entrevistas realizadas. Al final, se presentan unas sugerencias que las estudiantes realizaron para mejorar la atención educativa en la universidad. Se concluye que la importancia de este estudio es ser pionero en la UV porque hasta ahora no se había presentado una investigación de esta naturaleza, de ahí su aporte como un primer acercamiento a este grupo de estudiantes. En ese sentido, actualmente, en la institución se están llevando a cabo algunas acciones institucionales con la finalidad de sensibilizar y atender de manera integral a dichos estudiantes.
New molecular diagnostic methods for detection of Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV)
Authors: Boben Jana , Mehle Nataša , Pirc Manca , Mavrič Pleško Irena , Ravnikar Maja
Published: November 2023

Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV), an RNA virus, belongs to the genus Tospovirus and family Bunyaviridae. The disease symptoms on host plants can not be distinguished from those caused by closely related viruses of the same genus, such as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The disease symptoms may vary between host plants and can be quite severe. Diagnostics of tospoviruses is of great importance in prevention of greater economic and environmental damage. Viruses within the genus show serological similarity and therefore make the detection of the viruses by serological methods unreliable. To avoid false positive results other methods can be used for detection of RNA viruses such as RT-PCR or RT real-time PCR. CSNV was first found in Slovenia in 2001. Different methods were used to confirm the identity of the isolate. Development of disease symptoms was observed on 15 different test plants and was compared to the symptoms caused by closely related TSWV. Since serological cross-reac- tivity was observed, molecular tests were developed (RT-PCR and real-time PCR) that further confirmed the identity of the isolate and also increased sensitivity of the assays. CSNV can now be reliably detected and distinguished from related tospoviruses.
Strigolaktoni – signalne molekule v arbuskularni mikorizi in regulatorji rasti in razvoja rastlin
Authors: Justin Benjamin , Vodnik Dominik
Published: November 2023

Strigolaktoni so bili najprej odkriti kot rizosferne signalne molekule, s katerimi parazitske rastline prepoznavajo prisotnost svojih gostiteljev. Kasneje je bilo ugotovljeno, da imajo ključno vlogo pri nastanku arbuskularne mikorize (AM), ki je pomembna za mineralno prehrano več kot 80 % kopenskih rastlin. Šele nedavno pa so dognali, da strigolaktoni sodelujejo tudi pri regulaciji različnih rastno-razvojnih procesov v rastlini. Tako sodelujejo pri apikalni prevladi oz. kontroli stranskega obraščanja, razvoju korenin, nodulaciji in drugje. Članek predstavlja vlogo strigolaktonov pri razvoju AM, ter njihovo vlogo endogenih regulatorjev. Izpostavlja jih kot snovi, ki z regulacijo procesov udeleženih pri pridobivanju mineralnih hranil in razporejanju virov sodelujejo pri uravnavanju ravnotežja med koreninami in nadzemnim delom rastline.
One year spread and insight into ecology of invasive Impatiens glandulifera in Ljubljansko barje area (Central Slovenia)
Authors: Šabić Azra , Jogan Nejc
Published: November 2023

Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Himalayan balsam) is an annual plant, native to humid parts of the Himalayas. Brought to Europe in the XIX century, it has since successfully naturalized and spread throughout the continent, becoming one of the best-known invasive plants. Even though it has been thoroughly studied by many authors, some aspects of its biology and ecology remain unclear and debatable, such as its spreading dynamics, negative impacts in invaded ecosystems and ecological adaptability regarding moisture, nutrients, and light. This 2019 field study from the Ljubljana Marsh (Slovenia) has proved that Himalayan balsam successfully develops under mesophilic conditions, where it easily compensates moderate deviations from its ecological optimum. The species thrives in riparian zones, out-competing native vegetation, trait shown as potentially the biggest negative impact of chosen species in this context. This study additionally gave us a different insight into - usually highly emphasized - dynamics of species’ spreading. Spreading was not either dependent on hydrochory or as drastic as mentioned in literary sources, giving it a secondary role in species’ invasiveness on the chosen area. Lastly, we proposed rough estimates of eradication expenses for given area, based on our field results of species’ abundance and distribution on chosen area.
Visca el Barça Visca Catalunya! Konteksty tożsamościowe i regionalne w wypowiedziach medialnych katalońskich piłkarzy klubu FC Barcelona
Authors: Stępień Patryk
Published: November 2023

Football is one of the best known global cultural practices, making it a research field for social scien- tists, including educators. FC Barcelona is one of the greatest clubs around the world, with numerous fans. The footballers of FC Barcelona are very popular, too, and many supporters follow them on social media. It means that footballers can become a kind of authorities for the fans, and their statements may be considered as an inspiration or model to find and explore self-identity, the value of the region in their lives, etc. The paper analyzes media interviews with the Catalan footballers of FC Barcelona and the identity and regional contexts found there. The results can be used as an introduction to research about the role of a footballer’s authority in a fan’s life and as reference materials for teachers in regional education and interculturalism.
Effects of acute aerobic exercise on circulating sTLR and sRAGE profiles in normal‐ and abnormal‐glucose‐tolerant individuals
Authors: Perkins Ryan K. , Miranda Edwin R. , Varshney Pallavi , Farabi Sarah S. , Quinn Lauretta T. , Haus Jacob M.
Published: November 2023

BMI‐matched normal‐ (NGT, n = 10, 41 ± 4y, 35.6 ± 3.0 kg/m2) and abnormal‐glucose‐tolerant (AGT, n = 16, 51 ± 3y, 34.3 ± 1.5 kg/m2) participants were evaluated for body composition, metabolic health (oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]), and VO2max. Participants also completed a treadmill walking test at 65% VO2max for 30 min. Total sRAGE, esRAGE, sTLR2, and sTLR4 were assessed via ELISA, and cRAGE was calculated. AGT exhibited greater (p < 0.05) body fat % (+24%), fasting plasma glucose (+37%), OGTT AUC (+59%), and HOMA‐IR (+55%) and lower (p < 0.05) VO2max (−24%). sTLR2 was 33% lower in AGT than NGT (main effect, p = 0.034). However, sTLR2 did not change (p > 0.05) following AE. sTLR4 tended to be 36% lower in AGT than NGT (main effect, p = 0.096) and did not change following AE (p > 0.05). Total sRAGE and isoforms were similar (p > 0.05) between groups and did not change following AE (p > 0.05). sTLR2 was correlated with (p < 0.05) basal BG (r = −0.505) and OGTT AUC (r = −0.687). sTLR4 was correlated with basal BG (p < 0.10, r = −0.374) and OGTT AUC (p < 0.05, r = −0.402). Linear regressions were predictive of sTLRs in the basal state (sTLR2: R2 = 0.641, p = 0.01; sTLR4: R2 = 0.566, p = 0.037) and after acute exercise state (sTLR2: R2 = 0.681, p = 0.004, sTLR4: R2 = 0.568, p = 0.036).These findings show circulating sTLR profiles are disrupted in AGT and acute AE minimally modulates their levels.
Inference versus assumption in light of the Finnish evidential-modal adverbs näköjään and varmaan
Authors: Kittilä Seppo
Published: November 2023

Inference is usually defined as a speaker’s personal but indirect evidence that is based on something that the speaker can directly witness (such as the result of an event), while assumption is based on something such as the speaker’s general knowledge of the world. This paper is concerned with inference and assumption in light of the semantics of the Finnish inferential and assumptive adverbs näköjään (inference) and varmaan (assumption). These are examined by administering a questionnaire study. The discussed scenarios differ according to three factors: the presence or lack of visual or sensory evidence, the temporal relations between the evidence and the claim that is made, and the strength of the evidence. The results of the study clearly establish that inference and assumption are separate notions (coded by different adverbs) and that the (non-) observability of the evidence noted above explains only a part of the attested cases; in general, the use of the adverbs is determined by how reliable the speaker considers the evidence to be. As a consequence, this paper proposes new definitions based on the speakers’ selection of the appropriate inferential/assumptive adverb based on how strongly they are willing to vouch for the truth value of their statement.
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Garnand Brien K. , Greene Joseph A. , Xella Paolo
Published: November 2023

This general introduction serves as a preface to each author’s contribution, outlining certain common standards and methods. These include the range of meanings we use for specific terms and the answers to basic yet often contested interrogatives relating to the precinct (the who, what, when, and where) and the history of polemical debates within the discipline (the why and how). By providing this background context here, oft repeated at the beginning of any study of tophet precincts, each author can instead focus on specific data and on analysis within their specialization.
Latin American ecolinguistics: deconstructing discourse studies, coloniality and industrial environmentalism
Authors: Forte Diego Luis
Published: November 2023

Latin American universities have a strong tradition in discourse studies. Beginning in the sixties, local discourse analysis approaches introduced a critical turn that started in linguistics and semiotics and crossed social sciences establishing a new critical perspective. Ecolinguistics and environmental studies, on the other hand, present a different case. As a theoretical approach, ecolinguistics has found a hard time establishing itself as an autonomous discipline in the universities of the region, struggling with the tradition built by discourse studies. This article aims to analyse the development of Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) and ecolinguistics in Latin America to present a possible explanation of the difficulties ecolinguists have found in the region to introduce their scope in formal academic institutions and why critical discourse analysis (CDA) have remained far from the eco-perspectives in South America. We argue that Latin American CDA still maintains a Eurocentric vision while environmental perspectives remain loyal to the anthropocentrism and industrial fatalism posed by the dominant discourses. We believe that if issues approached keep an anthropocentric perspective while theoretical frames present a Eurocentric thinking, ecolinguistics, along with critical animal studies (CAS) and gender studies, may present an alternative to human-nonhuman-nature relations.
Proverbs as an agent of cultural wisdom and identity among the Xhosa speaking people
Authors: Dlali Mawande
Published: November 2023

The Xhosa speaking people, in common with other African people, possess a rich folklore tradition comprising mostly of tales, proverbs, riddles and poetry. Of these verbal arts, proverbs are by far the most frequently employed, in a number of ways for different purposes. In their daily communication, the Xhosa speaking people often resort to proverbs as an important and most effective strategy to optimize the rhetorical effectiveness of their speech messages. Because proverbs are frequently used in normal, everyday speech situations, the Xhosa speaking people, like any other African communities, assign great socio-cultural importance to the proverbs. This paper explores the moral nature and significance of the Xhosa proverbs which contribute to the norms and conventions and cultural wisdom well-ordered society. In the Xhosa culture, a feeling for language, imagery and expression of abstract ideas through compressed and allusive phraseology is realized in proverbs. Data were gathered from two published sources in Xhosa language titled Izaci namaqhalo esiXhosa by EWM Mesatywa (1954) and IsiXhosa 4 by JA du Plessis (1978). The data for this paper also included my knowledge, experience and introspection, based on being a Xhosa native speaker and experienced academic in language-related culture dimensions of African languages.
Representation of culture-bound items in a culture dictionary for German readers
Authors: Nied Curcio Martina , Barozzi Francesca , Phoodai Chayanon
Published: November 2023

In an increasingly multilingual and multicultural society, many different cultures meet and often merge with one another. The true meaning of the word ‘culture’, what it precisely denotes, and how much it can be described through languages have long been points of discussion. This paper shows how linguistic and cultural exchange and metalexicographic discussion on culture, as practised in the EMLex-Master’s programme, have led to a lexicographic project based on culture-bound words. After a short treatise on the definition of culture and culture-bound items, the ongoing project of a culture dictionary with its concept (macro- and microstructure) and first draft of examples are presented.
Unpacking colonialist and racist ideologies in historical German lexicons: A critical analysis of the

Afrika Hand-Lexikon

(1885) and similar reference books
Authors: Kirchner Adam
Published: November 2023

This article

This article has been adapted from the author’s master’s thesis as part of completion of the European Master in Lexicography (EMLex).

delves into the impact of colonialist and racist ideologies as manifested in lexicons, with a special focus on the Afrika Hand-Lexikon (1885) and other lexicons from the German colonialist period (1884–1914). By examining the front matter and selected entries from these lexicons, the article uncovers the origins of racial hierarchies and scrutinizes dehumanization tactics, including the use of animal metaphors. Moreover, the article provides historical context to understand the language and rhetorical devices employed by lexicographers such as Paul Heichen in the Afrika Hand-Lexikon. Additionally, it emphasizes the pivotal role that colonialist ideologies played in influencing the ideologies embraced by the Nazi regime in its war of extermination. Through this analysis, the article sheds light on the historical significance of lexicons in perpetuating and legitimizing derogatory language, while also underscoring their relevance in comprehending the broader socio-political impact of colonialism and racism.
Creating specialised dictionaries using LexO
Authors: Bellandi Andrea , Piccini Silvia
Published: November 2023

Although the contribution of linguistics to terminology is widely recognized today, there remains a lack of tools allowing the construction of specialized dictionaries that deal with both the conceptual and the linguistic dimension of the terms. In this paper we present LexO, a collaborative web editor that was built with the aim of filling this gap. The guiding principles of LexO are the following: i) to allow terminologists to define the morphological, syntactic and semantic features of a term, w.r.t. the traditional onomasiological perspective; ii) to adhere to the open science philosophy and to the FAIR principles, so to create specialized dictionaries that can be shared and reused within the scientific community.
„Als Ziel gilt, den Wortinhalt allseits auszuleuchten, auch kleinste Facetten sichtbar zu machen“ – Funktionswörter im

Schweizerischen Idiotikon / Wörterbuch der schweizerdeutschen Sprache
Authors: Landolt Christoph
Published: November 2023

Anhand des vielseitig verwendeten und lexikographisch schwierig zu handhabenden Wortes zu gibt dieser Aufsatz einen Einblick in die Leistung eines wissenschaftlichen Wörterbuchs, das den schweizerdeutschen Wortschatz in seiner Schriftlichkeit und Mündlichkeit über eine Zeitspanne von sieben Jahrhunderten dokumentiert und dabei seit jeher großen Wert aufs Detail legt: das Schweizerische Idiotikon. Zuerst werden die mit dem Artikel zue/ze verbundenen Überlegungen vorgestellt und anhand ausgewählter Themen einige von dessen Inhalten präsentiert. Anschließend wird die über 140-jährige Geschichte der Darstellung der Funktionswörter in den bislang sechzehneinhalb Bänden des Schweizerischen Idiotikons aufgerollt. Den Schluss des Aufsatzes bildet ein Plädoyer für eine sorgfältige Berücksichtigung dieser hochfrequeten Lexeme durch die Lexikographie.
Advances in nonlinear metasurfaces for imaging, quantum, and sensing applications
Authors: Zheng Ze , Rocco Davide , Ren Hang , Sergaeva Olga , Zhang Yipei , Whaley K. Birgitta , Ying Cuifeng , de Ceglia Domenico , De-Angelis Constantino , Rahmani Mohsen , Xu Lei
Published: November 2023

Metasurfaces, composed of artificial meta-atoms of subwavelength size, can support strong light–matter interaction based on multipolar resonances and plasmonics, hence offering the great capability of empowering nonlinear generation. Recently, owing to their ability to manipulate the amplitude and phase of the nonlinear emission in the subwavelength scale, metasurfaces have been recognized as ultra-compact, flat optical components for a vast range of applications, including nonlinear imaging, quantum light sources, and ultrasensitive sensing. This review focuses on the recent progress on nonlinear metasurfaces for those applications. The principles and advances of metasurfaces-based techniques for image generation, including image encoding, holography, and metalens, are investigated and presented. Additionally, the overview and development of spontaneous photon pair generation from metasurfaces are demonstrated and discussed, focusing on the aspects of photon pair generation rate and entanglement of photon pairs. The recent blossoming of the nonlinear metasurfaces field has triggered growing interest to explore its ability to efficiently up-convert infrared images of arbitrary objects to visible images and achieve spontaneous parametric down-conversion. This recently emerged direction holds promising potential for the next-generation technology in night-vision, quantum computing, and biosensing fields.
Research on railroad locomotive driving safety assistance technology based on electromechanical coupling analysis
Authors: Li Jianlong
Published: November 2023

The reliability and effectiveness of a high-speed train’s operation depend heavily on the traction drive system. The purpose of this project was to construct an electromechanical connection model for a bullet train. The model contains the gear-to-gear connection, the differential output of the transmission, which circuits similar to those found in motors, and indirect power management. The purpose of this research is to investigate how modern railroad systems have implemented locomotive driving safety assistance technologies in order to get a deeper understanding of the effects that technological progress has on train operators. The purpose of this study is to learn how technological developments have altered the job of train operators. We will investigate the feasibility, compatibility, and potential consequences of introducing innovative technologies into established workflows. We will look at how well it works with current technologies, too. The current investigation has the authority to look at these issues. The ultimate goal of this project is to improve railway operations by providing essential insights for guaranteeing a balance between technological progress and human skill. The ultimate purpose of the project is to enhance the efficiency and security of railway operations. This may be achieved by strengthening the effectiveness and security of railway operations. In addition, the high-speed train model is simulated numerically to maintain that steady rate of travel, and grip, while slowing. The study determined that the stator current is the result of the interaction between the fundamental frequency and the higher harmonics of the rotational frequency. Furthermore, both frequencies can be detected even when traveling at a constant speed. Despite this, unless the rotation frequency is increased, they are often not visible. During traction, the root-mean-square (RMS) values of the rotor and stator currents are lower than that during braking. There is a significant rise in current when the wheels and brakes are first applied. The RMS value of the current lowers dramatically as grip and braking improve. As a result, it is essential to carefully consider how the change may influence the reliability of the system.
Increased recyclability of wet strengthened liquid packaging board, through synergetic effects of combining CMC and PAE – a case study in full scale
Authors: Christenson Sara , Sjöstrand Björn
Published: November 2023

There is an ever-increasing demand for renewable, recyclable and biodegradable packaging solutions, from consumers, producers of goods, and producers of packaging materials. Closing the material loop and increasing recyclability of fiber-based package materials is one of the keys to move forward towards a more sustainable future. While the recyclability rates of fiber-based packaging are high, packaging boards with high wet-strength can pose problems due to problems with repulping. This manuscript investigated the possibilities to reduce the use of polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins (PAE) by supporting the process system with carboxy-methylated cellulose (CMC) through machine trials in mill scale production. The focus of the investigation was on the wet-strength of the board product and the repulpability value. The results given from the full-scale trial were positive, indicating a potential in using CMC while reducing the PAE addition. The results showed that wet tear strength and wet tensile strength of the board were maintained, while higher repulpability rates were given, encouraging better recyclability of the board material. This will be beneficial to the environment both with lower use of non-renewable chemicals and possibilities for higher degrees of recycling of the board products.
Molecular view of ER membrane remodeling by the Sec61/TRAP translocon
Authors: Karki Sudeep , Javanainen Matti , Rehan Shahid , Tranter Dale , Kellosalo Juho , Huiskonen Juha T , Happonen Lotta , Paavilainen Ville
Published: November 2023

Protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is an essential step during protein entry into the secretory pathway. The conserved Sec61 protein‐conducting channel facilitates polypeptide translocation and coordinates cotranslational polypeptide‐processing events. In cells, the majority of Sec61 is stably associated with a heterotetrameric membrane protein complex, the translocon‐associated protein complex (TRAP), yet the mechanism by which TRAP assists in polypeptide translocation remains unknown. Here, we present the structure of the core Sec61/TRAP complex bound to a mammalian ribosome by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐EM). Ribosome interactions anchor the Sec61/TRAP complex in a conformation that renders the ER membrane locally thinner by significantly curving its lumenal leaflet. We propose that TRAP stabilizes the ribosome exit tunnel to assist nascent polypeptide insertion through Sec61 and provides a ratcheting mechanism into the ER lumen mediated by direct polypeptide interactions.
Genome‐wide association and environmental suppression of the mortal germline phenotype of wild C. elegans
Authors: Frézal Lise , Saglio Marie , Zhang Gaotian , Noble Luke , Richaud Aurélien , Félix Marie‐Anne
Published: November 2023

The animal germline lineage needs to be maintained along generations. However, some Caenorhabditis elegans wild isolates display a mortal germline phenotype, leading to sterility after several generations at 25°C. Using a genome‐wide association approach, we detect a significant peak on chromosome III around 5 Mb, confirmed by introgressions. Thus, a seemingly deleterious genotype is maintained at intermediate frequency in the species. Environmental rescue is a likely explanation, and indeed associated bacteria and microsporidia suppress the phenotype of wild isolates as well as mutants in small RNA inheritance (nrde‐2) and histone modifications (set‐2). Escherichia coli strains of the K‐12 lineage suppress the phenotype compared to B strains. By shifting a wild strain from E. coli K‐12 to E. coli B, we find that memory of the suppressing condition is maintained over several generations. Thus, the mortal germline phenotype of wild C. elegans is in part revealed by laboratory conditions and may represent variation in epigenetic inheritance and environmental interactions. This study also points to the importance of non‐genetic memory in the face of environmental variation.
HMBA ameliorates obesity by MYH9‐ and ACTG1‐dependent regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides
Authors: Park Seokjae , Oh Sungjoon , Kim Nayoun , Kim Eun‐Kyoung
Published: November 2023

The global epidemic of obesity remains a daunting problem. Here, we report hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) as a potent anti‐obesity compound. Peripheral and central administration of HMBA to diet‐induced obese mice regulated the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides critical for energy balance, leading to beneficial metabolic effects such as anorexia and weight loss. We found that HMBA bound to MYH9 and ACTG1, which were required for the anti‐obesity effects of HMBA in both NPY‐expressing and POMC‐expressing neurons. The binding of HMBA to MYH9 and ACTG1 elevated the expression of HEXIM1 and enhanced its interaction with MDM2, resulting in the dissociation of the HEXIM1–p53 complex in hypothalamic cells. Subsequently, the free HEXIM1 and p53 translocated to the nucleus, where they downregulated the transcription of orexigenic NPY, but p53 and acetylated histone 3 upregulated that of anorexigenic POMC. Our study points to a previously unappreciated efficacy of HMBA and reveals its mechanism of action in metabolic regulation, which may propose HMBA as a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity.
sites.google.com/view/Lapinskas – Mathematical readings
Authors: Lapinskas Remigijus
Published: November 2023

This article is about the author's online book "Mathematical Readings" [2]. The book presents the high school math course in a slightly different way than conventional textbooks, the work focuses less on routine problems and tries to examine mathematical concepts in a broader context. The book makes frequent use of mobile math apps and the R program, and links to online sources are often provided. The text may be useful for self-study and math circles.
Aspects and concerns separation in IS
Authors: Čaplinskas Albertas
Published: November 2023

The paper discusses howto proceed crosscutting concerns in enterprise information sistems, which include computer-aided as well as manual information processing procedures. It proposes to consider such systems as component systems including diferent level components: business components,  information processing components and software components. All components should be treated in an uniform manner and modelled using appropriate use case models. Using the proposed approach, croscutting concerns are tangled with functional concerns at the use case level. After this, software components are implemented using conventional techniques of aspect-oriented programming and other components in the form of guides and manuals how to performmanual and computer-aided procedures.
Creating the learning object structure for the introduction to informatics course
Authors: Dapkūnas Sigitas , Lapin Kristina
Published: November 2023

The paper dealswith creation of the learning object repository for the course of introduction to informatics. Existing courses are based on instructional materials, prepared by lecturers. Most of them are traditional lecture notes. Only one of four instructional materials is in the form of Web pages. These LO are used in several courses and could be a base of the future repository. The structure of the courses is analysed and missing LO are ascertained.
Creation of the mathematics syllabus in Lithuania between two world wars
Authors: Ragalytė Birutė , Paukštienė Alma
Published: November 2023

Creation of the mathematic syllabus in Lithuania between the civil and world war is presented in this article. The history syllabus is described in this period. Ideas of Kleinas and Merane program are discussed in this article.The influence and experience of foreign countries in creating the mathematics syllabus are introduced. Discussions of the first mathematics and physics conference how to improve education are presented.
Testing of mathematical knowledges and skills of the first course students of Vilnius Gediminas technical university
Authors: Krylovas Aleksandras , Raulynaitis Juozas
Published: November 2023

The research of the methods for testing of mathematical knowledges and skills of the universitety students is presented. The article continues previous works of the authors.
Improvement of study process of mathematics in Vilnius College in higher education
Authors: Saldauskienė Jovita , Virkutis Vytautas
Published: November 2023

There are investigated the problems of mathematics computing, problems of assessment strategy in this article. There are also analyzed the improvement of study process as well as the improvement of computing and trainings in the mathematics lessons. It was made the comparative research of the first-year students' advancement of mathematics’ subject as well as the research of students' opinion.There are made the following conclusions:1. The chosen model for teaching mathematics subject in Vilnius College in Higher Education is effective.2. The computing for mathematics lessons and trainings is purposive to apply.3. It is recommended constantly advise students especially that ones who are less prepared for the studies.4. It is purposive to make students’ teams to do independent students' work.5. It is necessary to continue the researches, to gain further experience and keep working on the improvement of the teaching methodic on the mathematics with computing.
Efficient decision procedure for Belief modality
Authors: Birštunas Adomas
Published: November 2023

This paper defines decision algorithm for subclass of BKD45DKDIKD logic which is based on known algorithm for temporal BKD45DKDIKD logic [2]. BDI logics are widely used in agent based systems. Such usage of BDI logic can be found in [1]. The original decision algorithm uses loop-check technique for BEL and temporal operators. Applied loop-check technique is not optimized and therefore loop-check takes most of the time used in decision algorithm. Some examples of efficient loop-check applications for logic KT, S4 and some subclasses of intuitionistic logic can be found in [4]. Another efficient loop-check can be found in work [3]. We concentrate on our attitude on loop-check optimization for BEL operator. This paper defines decision algorithm modification, which uses efficient loop-check for BEL operator, but do not effect performance of other parts of algorithm. We define optimization only for BEL operator and therefore we omit temporal operators in this paper.
Research on dependencies in simulated DNA sequences
Authors: Rekašius Tomas
Published: November 2023

Many publications in bio-informatics deal with long-range correlation of nucleotides in DNA sequences, which implies that such sequences are complicated systems with hierarchical structure. Applying the method of simulation, this work reveals that long-range correlation might develop in the course of evolution of a sequence under very general rules.
Testing for a changed segment in variance with application
Authors: Zuokas Danas
Published: November 2023

There is not abstract
Lithuanian production modeling
Authors: Bratčikovienė Nomeda
Published: November 2023

Possibilities of production and its components in Lithuania modeling were analyzed in this paper. It is important to do good forecasts for production. Indicators which have strong influence on production were found. The obtained models explain structure of production and its components. They can be applied for short-term forecasting.
The analytic expressions of signal linear parts for fiber-optic reflective system
Authors: Kleiza Vytautas , Kleiza Jonas
Published: November 2023

In this work the analytic expressions of absolute maxima and dislocation of signal linear parts for family of signals curves for fiber-optic reflective system have found.
Do we need mixed numbers?
Authors: Vilkas Robertas
Published: November 2023

Many reasons are given for not using mixed numbers.
VIABILITY AND TYPES OF DEATH OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES IN RATS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME UNDER CONDITIONS OF INTERMITTENT COLD EXPOSURE
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Zhulikova M.V. , Myroshnychenko M.S. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Nakonechna O.A. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Zhulikov O.O. ,   Medical Center Maria, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Bibichenko V.O. ,   Medical Center Maria, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Myroshnychenko S.O. ,   Public Non-profit Organization of the Izium City Council Central City Hospital of Sandy Mother of God, Ukraine, Zaytseva O.V. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kovaltsova M.V. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2023

The aim of our work is to assess the viability and determine the types of death of blood leukocytes in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) under conditions of intermittent cold exposure. The study was performed on 40 immature female rats of the WAG population, aged 27 days, divided into 5 groups of 8 animals each. Group 1 included intact rats. In group 2, rats were subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml of purified and sterilized olive oil daily for 25 days. In group 3, rats were exposed to periodic cold exposure daily for 25 days. In group 4, dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS was modeled in rats. In group 5, rats were injected with dehydroepiandrosterone against the background of periodic cold exposure. Leukocyte viability and death pathways were determined using a FACS Canto II flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, USA). Rats with dehydroepiandrosteroneinduced PCOS showed a decrease in the percentage of viable leukocytes and an increase in the percentage of leukocytes in the early stage of apoptosis, while the number of leukocytes in the late stage of apoptosis and necrotic leukocytes did not change. In rats, on the background of the introduction of dehydroepiandrosterone under conditions of intermittent cold exposure, the percentage of viable leukocytes, as well as leukocytes at different stages of apoptosis and necrosis, corresponded to the physiological norm. Thus, the authors revealed a decrease in the viability of neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood of rats with dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS due to the activation of apoptosis processes, as evidenced by an increase in the percentage of leukocytes at the initial stages of apoptosis. Intermittent cold exposure (4 h daily at +4°C for 25 days) against the background of dehydroepiandrosterone administration to rats had an anti-apoptotic effect, normalizing the viability of neutrophilic blood leukocytes.