bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Very fine roots respond to soil depth: biomass allocation, morphology, and physiology in a broad‐leaved temperate forest
Authors: Makita Naoki , Hirano Yasuhiro , Mizoguchi Takeo , Kominami Yuji , Dannoura Masako , Ishii Hiroaki , Finér Leena , Kanazawa Yoichi
Published: October 2010

Very fine roots (<0.5 mm in diameter) of forest trees may serve as better indicators of root function than the traditional category of <2 mm, but how these roots will exhibit the plasticity of species‐specific traits in response to heterogeneous soil nutrients is unknown. Here, we examined the vertical distribution of biomass and morphological and physiological traits of fine roots across three narrow diameter classes (<0.5, 0.5–1.0, and 1.0–2.0 mm) of Quercus serrata and Ilex pedunculosa at five soil depths down to 50 cm in a broad‐leaved temperate forest. In both species, biomass and the allocation of very fine roots were higher in the surface soil but lower below 10‐cm soil depth compared to values for larger roots (0.5–2.0 mm). When we applied these diameter classes, only very fine roots of Q. serrata exhibited significant changes in specific root length (SRL; m g−1) and root nitrogen (N) concentrations with soil depth, whereas the N concentrations only changed significantly in I. pedunculosa. The SRL and root N concentrations of larger roots in the two species did not significantly differ among soil depths. Thus, very fine roots may exhibit species‐specific traits and change their potential for nutrient and water uptake in response to soil depth by plasticity in root biomass, the length, and the N in response to available resources.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata
Authors: Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava , Keerthikumar Shivakumar , Chaerkady Raghothama , Kandasamy Kumaran , Renuse Santosh , Marimuthu Arivusudar , Venugopal Abhilash Karavattu , Thomas Joji Kurian , Jacob Harrys K. C. , Goel Renu , Pawar Harsh , Sahasrabuddhe Nandini A. , Krishna Venkatarangaiah , Nair Bipin G. , Gucek Marjan , Cole Robert N. , Ravikumar Raju , Harsha H. C. , Pandey Akhilesh
Published: October 2010

Introduction

Candida albicans and Candida glabrata are the two most common opportunistic pathogens which are part of the normal flora in humans. Clinical diagnosis of infection by these organisms is still largely based on culturing of these organisms. In order to identify species-specific protein expression patterns, we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of C. albicans and C. glabrata.

Methods

We used “isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation” (iTRAQ) labeling of cell homogenates of C. albicans and C. glabrata followed by LC-MS/MS analysis using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The MS/MS data was searched against a protein database comprised of known and predicted proteins reported from these two organisms. Subsequently, we carried out a bioinformatics analysis to group orthologous proteins across C. albicans and C. glabrata and calculated protein abundance changes between the two species.

Results and Conclusions

We identified 500 proteins from these organisms, the large majority of which corresponded to predicted transcripts. A number of proteins were observed to be significantly differentially expressed between the two species including enolase (Eno1), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1), CCT ring complex subunit (Cct2), pyruvate kinase (Cdc19), and pyruvate carboxylase (Pyc2). This study illustrates a strategy for investigating protein expression patterns across closely related organisms by combining orthology information with quantitative proteomics.
Strategies for Decreasing Patient Anxiety in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Bailey Laila
Published: October 2010

Perioperative patient anxiety is a pervasive problem that can have far‐reaching effects. Among these effects are increased postoperative pain, increased risk for infection, and longer healing times. Many factors affect perioperative patient anxiety, including the need for surgery, perceived loss of control, fear of postoperative pain, and alteration of body image. This systematic review of current literature was undertaken to identify evidence‐based interventions for decreasing patient anxiety in perioperative practice. According to the current research literature, perioperative education and music therapy can be used to successfully reduce surgical patients' anxiety.
Perioperative Nursing Clinics
Authors: Ford Yvonne
Published: October 2010

Perioperative Nursing Clinics Donna S. Watson and Nancy Girard Volume 3, Number 4 2008, Elsevier Mosby Saunders 408 pages, $53 softcover
Ebersole And Hess' Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging
Authors: Hansbrough Becky
Published: October 2010

Ebersole And Hess' Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging Theris A. Toughy, Kathleen F. Jett 3rd edition 2010, Mosby Elsevier 496 pages, $54.95 softcover
Characterization of persistent postoperative pain by quantitative sensory testing
Authors: Werner Mads U. , Kehlet Henrik
Published: October 2010

Postoperative pain remains inadequately treated, and it has been estimated that 5–10% undergoing surgery will develop moderate to severe persistent pain leading to chronic physical disability and psychosocial distress.

Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is a graded, standardized activation of the sensory system either by mechanical, thermal or electrical stimuli, with assessment of the evoked psychophysical response. QST has been used in prospective assessments of how and why some individuals develop persistent postoperative pain.

This comprehensive review describes, first, QST as a predictive research tool in studies investigating the correlation between responses to preoperatively applied experimental pain stimuli and clinical postoperative pain. Second, the use of QST as a valuable prognostic, sequential assessment tool in surgical procedure specific research is presented. Third, the implications of these findings for use of QST in future research are discussed. More rational design of predictive studies in PPP, based on surgical procedure specific approaches, is needed in order to improve our understanding of prevention and management of this debilitating postsurgical condition.
Nebulization of local anaesthetics in laparoscopic surgery: A new tool for postoperative analgesia
Authors: Ingelmo Pablo M. , Somaini Marta , Bucciero Mario , Allegri Massimo , Bugada Dario , Cusato Maria , Diemunsch Pierre
Published: October 2010

Laparoscopic procedures have been associated to moderate or severe pain that may require opioids and almost all patients referred shoulder pain. Intraperitoneal instillation of local anaesthetics, as part of a multimodal approach analgesia program, reduces pain intensity and morphine consumption after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, direct local anesthetic instillation is not enough to eliminate visceral and shoulder pain. Heated and humidified gas may produce positive effects such as reduction of postoperative pain. Intraperitoneal nebulization, a new technique of drug administration, provides homogeneous spread of drugs allowing a better distribution of local anaesthetics throughout the peritoneum. This technique combines the effects of gas conditioning and the analgesic benefits of local anaesthetic instillation. Nebulization of local anaesthetics during different laparoscopic procedures reduced postoperative pain, morphine consumption and allowed earlier mobilization. Future studies should determine, the optimal dose of local anaesthetics, the effect of local anaesthetic nebulization in different clinical settings and its importance on long term clinical outcomes.
Effects of developmental stress and lead (Pb) on corticosterone after chronic and acute stress, brain monoamines, and blood Pb levels in rats
Authors: Graham Devon L. , Grace Curtis E. , Braun Amanda A. , Schaefer Tori L. , Skelton Matthew R. , Tang Peter H. , Vorhees Charles V. , Williams Michael T.
Published: October 2010

Despite restrictions, exposure to lead (Pb) continues. Moreover, exposure varies and is often higher in lower socioeconomic status (SES) families and remains a significant risk to cognitive development. Stress is another risk factor. Lower SES may be a proxy for stress in humans. When stress and Pb co‐occur, risk may be increased. A few previous experiments have combined Pb with intermittent or acute stress but not with chronic stress. To determine if chronic developmental stress affects outcome in combination with Pb, we tested such effects on growth, organ weight, brain monoamines, and response to an acute stressor. Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged with Pb acetate (1 or 10 mg/kg) or vehicle every other day from postnatal day (P)4–29 and reared in standard or barren cages. Subsets were analyzed at different ages (P11, 19, 29). Chronic stress did not alter blood Pb levels but altered HPA axis response during early development whereas Pb did not. Pb treatment and rearing each altered organ‐to‐body weight ratios, most notably of thymus weights. Both Pb and rearing resulted in age‐ and region‐dependent changes in serotonin and norepinephrine levels and in dopamine and serotonin turnover. The model introduced here may be useful for investigating the interaction of Pb and chronic developmental stress.
Miniaturization of Mass Spectrometry Analysis Systems
Authors: Xu Wei , Manicke Nicholas E. , Cooks Graham R. , Ouyang Zheng
Published: October 2010

The key concepts and technologies developed in our laboratories in Purdue University for the miniaturization of mass spectrometry analysis systems are introduced. Mass analyzers of simple geometries with a novel atmospheric pressure interface were used to allow reduction in the size of the ion trap mass spectrometer. Ambient ionization methods were developed and coupled to miniature mass spectrometers to allow direct MS analysis of complex samples without sample preparation and chemical separation. The performance of desorption electrospray ionization, low temperature plasma probe, paper spray, and two handheld MS systems, Mini 10 and Mini 11, are described with demonstrations of capabilities for chemical analysis.
Microvalve Enabled Digital Microfluidic Systems for High-Performance Biochemical and Genetic Analysis
Authors: Jensen Erik C. , Zeng Yong , Kim Jungkyu , Mathies Richard A.
Published: October 2010

Microfluidic devices offer unparalleled capability for digital microfluidic automation of sample processing and complex assay protocols in medical diagnostic and research applications. In our own work, monolithic membrane valves have enabled the creation of two platforms that precisely manipulate discrete, nanoliter-scale volumes of sample. The digital microfluidic automaton uses two-dimensional microvalve arrays to combinatorially process nanoliter-scale sample volumes. This programmable system enables rapid integration of diverse assay protocols using a universal processing architecture. Microfluidic emulsion generator array (MEGA) devices integrate actively controlled three microvalve pumps to enable on-demand generation of uniform droplets for statistical encapsulation of microbeads and cells. A MEGA device containing 96 channels confers the capability of generating up to 3.4 × 106-nL volume droplets per hour for ultrahigh-throughput detection of rare mutations in a vast background of normal genotypes. These novel digital microfluidic platforms offer significant enhancements in throughput, sensitivity, and programmability for automated sample processing and analysis.
Sprache - Bildung - Gesundheit: Ein kritisch-konstruktiver Blick auf Chancen und Praxis der Sprachstandserhebung bei Kindern im Vorschulalter
Authors: Borgetto Bernhard
Published: October 2010

Einleitung

Zwischen Sprache, Bildung und Gesundheit besteht ein enger Zusammenhang. Die Sprache ist ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor auf die Bildungschancen von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Der Bildungsgrad wirkt sich direkt und als Teil des sozioökonomischen Status auf die Gesundheitschancen aus. Zudem ist die Fähigkeit, sich über Sprache differenziert auszudrücken, eine wichtige Ressource im Sinne der Gesundheitsförderung und stellen sprachliche Entwicklungsstörungen einen eigenen Krankheitsbereich dar.
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammalian Larynx
Authors: Harrison D. F. N.
Published: October 2010

In this unique book, Sir Donald Harrison draws on his wide-ranging experience as a surgeon and comparative anatomist to produce an authoritative and detailed account of the anatomy and physiology of the mammalian larynx. His investigation of the larynx has involved the study of over 1400 specimens of mammalian larynges from around the world, as well as using data from his own clinical experiences. The comparative morphology of the larynx is discussed from a developmental and functional perspective and the involvement of the larynx in respiration, locomotion and vocalisation is highlighted. Throughout the book the relationship of structure to function is drawn out and the clinical relevance of features of the human larynx is emphasised. This book will be an invaluable reference for all researchers and clinicians involved in laryngology as well as for anatomists, zoologists and anaesthesiologists.
Curriculum Development in Mathematics
Authors: Howson Geoffrey , Keitel Christine , Kilpatrick Jeremy
Published: October 2010

In the mid- 1970s the curriculum development boom in mathematics was to end almost as rapidly as it had begun. In this book the authors, who come from countries with differing educational traditions and patterns, consider these developments in their historical, social and educational context. They give not only a descriptive account of developmental work in a variety of countries, its aims and the patterns of management utilised, but also attempt to identify trends and characteristics and thus provide a theoretical base for criticism and analysis. The reader will find numerous case studies, including extracts from such renowned authors as Bruner, Dieudonne and Piaget.
Taking Care of Men
Authors: McMahon Anthony
Published: October 2010

The idea of the sensitive, post-feminist 'new man' has received great attention. This book sets out to determine how much of the hype is based on fact, and why such images have proliferated in the media. McMahon focuses on the pivotal issue of men's relationship to the vital daily work of caring for people - both physically and emotionally - revealing much confusion about the extent and the interpretation of change. Using statistical data, as well as interview transcripts and media analysis, McMahon draws insightful distinctions between pleasure and performance, assistance and responsibility, gendered personality and gendered jobs, and - underlying all - between consumption and production. Incorporating social theory, psychology and popular culture, this book argues that recent social conversation about men largely avoids the important political point that men's material interests provide a major motivation for resistance to pro-equity change.
Lung Mechanics
Authors: Bates Jason H. T.
Published: October 2010

With mathematical and computational models furthering our understanding of lung mechanics, function and disease, this book provides an all-inclusive introduction to the topic from a quantitative standpoint. Focusing on inverse modeling, the reader is guided through the theory in a logical progression, from the simplest models up to state-of-the-art models that are both dynamic and nonlinear. Key tools used in biomedical engineering research, such as regression theory, linear and nonlinear systems theory, and the Fourier transform, are explained. Derivations of important physical principles, such as the Poiseuille equation and the wave speed equation, from first principles are also provided. Example applications to experimental data throughout illustrate physiological relevance, whilst problem sets at the end of each chapter provide practice and test reader comprehension. This book is ideal for biomedical engineering and biophysics graduate students and researchers wishing to understand this emerging field.
Masters of German Music
Authors: Fuller-Maitland John Alexander
Published: October 2010

J. A. Fuller Maitland (1856–1936), whose Schumann in the Novello 'Great Musicians' series is also reissued in this series, had a wide-ranging interest in music. He was music critic of The Times for 22 years, was the editor of the second edition of Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, prepared an edition of the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, and also worked on Purcell and on folk song. This book, published in 1894, surveys the then current state of German music, with essays on Brahms, Bruch, Goldmark and Rheinberger. Bruckner is mentioned as a 'Little Master', and Richard Strauss appears in the final chapter, entitled 'New Paths (?)' but the surprise for present-day readers is that the composer fulsomely claimed by Fuller Maitland as the natural successor to Wagner, Cyrill Kistler, is now almost completely unknown.
Problems of Cosmology and Stellar Dynamics
Authors: Jeans James
Published: October 2010

Problems of Cosmogony and Stellar Dynamics is a theoretical prelude to Jeans's later and more mature work on the subject, Astronomy and Cosmogony. The impetus for publishing his theories on the behaviour of rotating masses, and on general dynamical theory, was the 1917 Adams Prize on the 'rotating and gravitating fluid mass'. Jeans won the prize with the core text of this volume. Enlarging on that work, and utilising the burgeoning results of astronomy, as well as the author's bolder theoretical conjectures, this book became a solid foundation for substantial progress in cosmology.
Memoir of Henry Venn, B. D.
Authors: Knight William
Published: October 2010

Henry Venn (1796–1873) was an Anglican clergyman who, like his father and grandfather before him, was influential in the evangelical movement and campaigned for social reform, eradication of the slave trade, and better education and economic progress in the British colonies so as to enable them to become responsible for their own affairs. Venn was Secretary of the Church Missionary Society from 1841 to 1873, and alongside practical training and appointment of missionaries and ministers he spent time developing a theology of mission and principles for its practice. This book, published in its second edition in 1881, was edited by William Knight who had access to Venn's private journals and correspondence (from which he used substantial quotations), and met Venn's niece, who provided the portrait of her uncle used as the frontispiece of the book. The appendix contains some of Venn's own accounts of his early missionary work.
A History of Greece
Authors: Grote George
Published: October 2010

Widely acknowledged as the most authoritative study of ancient Greece, George Grote's twelve-volume work, begun in 1846, established the shape of Greek history which still prevails in textbooks and popular accounts of the ancient world today. Grote employs direct and clear language to take the reader from the earliest times of legendary Greece to the death of Alexander and his generation, drawing upon epic poetry and legend, and examining the growth and decline of the Athenian democracy. The work provides explanations of Greek political constitutions and philosophy, and interwoven throughout are the important but outlying adventures of the Sicilian and Italian Greeks. Volume 8 takes the story from the overthrow of the Four Hundred in Athens to the death of Alkibiades in 404 BCE, and also contains chapters on drama and rhetoric, and on the philosophy of the Sophists and of Socrates.
Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates
Authors: Grote George
Published: October 2010

Best known for his influential History of Greece, the historian and politician George Grote (1794–1871) wrote this account of Plato's dialogues as a philosophical supplement to the History. First published in 1865 and written in dialogic form, Grote's account of Plato's works includes substantial footnotes and marginalia. This second volume covers the transitional and middle dialogues including Gorgias and Symposium, as well as some of the later works. Grote includes apocryphal works, as he relied on the order and classification of Plato's works specified by the ancient Greek scholar Thrasyllus of Mendes. With three volumes each running to over six hundred pages, Grote's scholarship is formidably comprehensive. The publication of Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates confirmed him as one of the greatest authorities on Plato in the nineteenth century.
John Stuart Blackie
Authors: Stoddart Anna M.
Published: October 2010

John Stuart Blackie (1805–1895) trained in law and studied divinity in Scotland and Germany before becoming a professor of Classics. Confident, well-travelled, vivacious, and outspoken, he delivered numerous public lectures, was instrumental in the founding of the Gaelic Chair at Edinburgh University, and published translations of many German and Classical works, as well as an impressive body of literary criticism. He was active in Radical politics, a strong opponent of the 1867 Reform Bill, and well-known for his eccentric dress. Anna M. Stoddart's detailed biography of Blackie, published in 1896, provides captivating insights into this extraordinary man's life and times by drawing on letters and papers provided by Blackie's widow and colleagues soon after his death. It remains a useful source for scholars interested in Scottish education or the experience of Scots abroad, as well as those studying nineteenth-century literature and literary criticism.
The Captivity of Hans Stade of Hesse in A.D. 1547–1555, Among the Wild Tribes of Eastern Brazil
Authors: Stade Hans
Published: October 2010

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. First published in English in 1874, this book contains Hans Stade's autobiographical account of his capture by the indigenous Brazillian Tupinamba people in 1554, and his description of their customs. Stade was held prisoner for a year, and according to his sensational report he witnessed many acts of cannibalism and was offered roasted human flesh by the chief of a Tupinamba village. The nineteenth-century editor added a preface describing the area of Brazil in question, where he himself had spent three years of 'exile'.
The Cambridge Shakespeare
Authors: Shakespeare William
Published: October 2010

The Cambridge Shakespeare was published in nine volumes between 1863 and 1866. Its careful editorial principles, attractive page design and elegant typography have withstood the test of time. This text was based on a thorough collation of the four Folios and of all the Quarto editions of the separate plays, the base text being the 1623 Folio. The critical apparatus appears at the foot of the page, but for passages where the Quarto differs significantly the entire Quarto text appears in small type after the received text. Notes at the end of each play explain variants, emendations, and passages of unusual difficulty or interest. Grammar and metre were generally left unchanged by the editors, but punctuation was normalised and nineteenth-century orthography was adopted instead of the variable Elizabethan spelling. In a bold move for a Victorian edition, the editors restored various 'profane' expressions where metre or sense demanded it.
A Dictionary of Botanical Terms
Authors: Henslow John Stevens
Published: October 2010

John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861) was a botanist and geologist. As teacher, mentor and friend to Charles Darwin, it was his introduction that secured for Darwin the post of naturalist on the voyage of the Beagle. While Professor of Botany, Henslow established the Cambridge University Botanic Garden as a resource for teaching and research. Students were encouraged to examine plant specimens carefully, and to record the characteristics of their structures. Henslow would have known how daunting they found the task of becoming proficient with botanical vocabulary, and produced this volume to provide a secure foundation for scientific investigations. This meticulous glossary, originally published as a single volume in 1857 but drawing on contributions he made earlier to issues of The Botanist and Maund's Botanic Garden, is a testament to Henslow's scholarship. It is liberally illustrated with delightful woodcuts that clarify the meaning of selected terms.
Principles of Geology
Authors: Lyell Charles
Published: October 2010

In 1830–33, Charles Lyell laid the foundations of evolutionary biology with Principles of Geology, a pioneering book that Charles Darwin took with him on the Beagle. Volume 2 (1832) focuses on plants and animals, and consists of 17 chapters, a comprehensive index and woodcut illustrations of various natural habitats Lyell had observed. The author takes issue with the French biologist Lamarck's theory of the transmutation of species, though Darwin in fact later praised other aspects of Lamarck's work. Lyell examines the connections between the Earth's changing crust and the natural history of many species of birds, insects, mammals and fish. He discusses how wild species physically adapt over time to domestication, the diffusion of plants throughout their specific habitats, geographical distributions of certain types of animals, migratory pattern adaptation due to climate change, hybrid plants, species extinction and how organic deposits, such as moss, on emerging land affect species adaptation.
The Henry Irving Shakespeare
Authors: Shakespeare William
Published: October 2010

Henry Irving, the influential and controversial Victorian actor, was closely involved in the publication of this distinctive Shakespeare edition. As an actor, his concern was largely with the intellectual project of seeing each play as a unified work, rather than with producing strong emotional effects in the audience. In the words of his obituary in The Times, he appealed to scholars 'by his reverent and often acute treatment of the text', and accustomed playgoers to look for 'more than empty amusement'. To the edition, he brought a sense of the plays in performance which has never been equalled before or since. Addressing a general readership, he both included notes on cuts used by professional companies and suggested others that would facilitate amateur performances. Gordon Browne's illustrations, which suggest the contemporary styles of stage costume, are another attractive feature of this edition, which will appeal to Shakespearians and theatre historians alike.
A Short Historical Account of the Degrees in Music at Oxford and Cambridge
Authors: Williams C. F. Abdy
Published: October 2010

C. F. Abdy Williams (1855–1923), a noted music scholar, traced the history of the discipline at Oxford and Cambridge from the fifteenth century to the late Victorian period in this 1894 book. He discusses the earliest records of degrees in the subject, the establishment of professorships, the requirements for degrees and the ceremonies associated with their conferral. He provides biographical information for graduates from as early as 1463, noting that English music of this early period was in a very advanced stage compared to that of the rest of Europe. He also includes, in an appendix, the names of those persons who are mentioned as graduates but whose names do not appear in the university records. His book reveals the importance attached to the cultivation of music at the ancient British universities and the prestige attached to their scholars over several centuries.
The Collected Mathematical Papers
Authors: Cayley Arthur
Published: October 2010

Arthur Cayley (1821–1895) was a key figure in the creation of modern algebra. He studied mathematics at Cambridge and published three papers while still an undergraduate. He then qualified as a lawyer and published about 250 mathematical papers during his fourteen years at the Bar. In 1863 he took a significant salary cut to become the first Sadleirian Professor of Pure Mathematics at Cambridge, where he continued to publish at a phenomenal rate on nearly every aspect of the subject, his most important work being in matrices, geometry and abstract groups. In 1883 he became president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Publication of his Collected Papers - 967 papers in 13 volumes plus an index volume - began in 1889 and was completed after his death under the editorship of his successor in the Sadleirian Chair. This first volume contains 100 papers published between 1841 and 1851.
Vom Roroima zum Orinoco
Authors: Koch-Grünberg Theodor
Published: October 2010

Theodor Koch-Grünberg (1872–1924) was a noted German ethnologist and explorer whose work on the indigenous peoples of Brazil and Venezuela is still consulted today. His most important publication was this five-volume account of his expedition of 1911–1913 from the sandstone mountains bordering Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana through uncharted territory westwards to the Orinoco. Volume 2 contains the myths and legends Koch-Grünberg recorded among the Pemon Indians, who were speakers of Taulipáng (Taurepan) and Arekuná (Arecuna). These two important Cariban languages are closely related, and are still spoken by several thousand people in the Roroima mountains. Koch-Grünberg's consultants were Möseuípu, a young Arecuna shaman, and Mayuluaípu the son of a famous Taurepan story-teller. Mayuluaípu was fluent in Portuguese and provided the author with explanations of the stories, of which 50 are recorded in German versions and eleven in the original language with German glosses.
Caractères généraux des langues germaniques
Authors: Meillet Antoine
Published: October 2010

The distinguished French linguist Antoine Meillet (1866–1936) was a pupil of Saussure and one of the most important researchers and teachers of the twentieth century in the field of Indo-European languages, counting among his own pupils Benveniste, Dumézil and Martinet. In this book, first published in 1917, Meillet shows the unique features which mark out the Germanic languages (including English) from the rest of the Indo-European family. Acknowledging that the earliest written examples become available only long after 'proto-Germanic' had split into its various successor languages, he nonetheless supplies evidence both for the original language and for the developments which led to that splitting. His conclusion is that although the Germanic languages are indisputably Indo-European, even the most conservative (modern German) has moved a long way from its roots, and that English - both in grammar and in vocabulary - has moved furthest of all.
Aperçu général de la science comparative des langues
Authors: Benloew Louis
Published: October 2010

The German-born philologist Louis Benloew (1818–1900) studied at Berlin, Leipzig and Göttingen before settling in France. Aperçu général de la science comparative des langues (first published in 1858) is his best-known work. In this second edition of 1872, which includes his own further research on the Celtic languages, he uses the comparative study of grammar and vocabulary to identify relationships between languages and to classify them into families. Not all of his conclusions - especially those connecting the so-called Japhetic (i.e. Indo-European) family to the Semitic languages - are still accepted, but the ambitious scope of his work and the range of his world-wide comparisons provide a useful insight into the state of linguistic research in the mid-nineteenth century.
The Acts of the Apostles
Authors: Hort Fenton John Anthony
Published: October 2010

This annotated edition of The Acts of The Apostles was prepared for classroom use by Thomas Ethelbert Page, a schoolmaster at Charterhouse, and published in 1886. The text is taken directly from the critical edition of the New Testament in Greek published by Fenton Hort and Brooke Westcott in 1881, the most authoritative version then available. Page's extensive annotations (over two hundred pages to accompany seventy pages of text) aimed to provide an explanation of the Greek text free of doctrinal discussions and moral reflections, unlike most existing commentaries which Page found 'quite unadapted for practical work with boys'. Page endeavoured to make the translation process as straightforward as possible and his extensive commentary offers a clear and simple understanding of the text. His book is still a useful guide for those approaching the Greek text for the first time.
The Apocalypse of St John, I–III
Authors: Hort Fenton John Anthony
Published: October 2010

Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828–1892) was a scholar of the Bible, Patristics and theology who served as Hulsean and Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity at Cambridge. Among his scholarly contributions are the foundational critical edition of the Greek New Testament as well as portions of the magisterial The Ante-Nicene Fathers. This short book is a posthumous edition of Hort's lectures discussing the authorship, dating and introductory chapters of the Book of Revelation. While the 1908 publication represents, as the preface notes, 'scholarship in undress', it does so with skill. Positing an earlier date of authorship than traditionally held and asserting authorial unity with the rest of the Johannine corpus, this compact work is an important example of focused historical criticism. The commentary on the first three chapters of the Apocalypse further underscores the contribution of this notable scholar at the height of his prowess.
A View of the History, Literature, and Religion of the Hindoos
Authors: Ward William
Published: October 2010

William Ward's account of the Hindu communities among whom he served as a Baptist missionary in Serampore in West Bengal was first published in 1811 and reprinted in this third edition in 1817. It was an extremely influential work that shaped British views of the newly defined entity of 'Hinduism' in the early nineteenth century. Ward and his fellow missionaries promoted social reforms and education, establishing the Serampore Mission Press in 1800 and Serampore College in 1818. Ward devoted twenty years to compiling his study of Hindu literature, history, mythology and religion, which was eventually published in four volumes. It provided richly detailed information, and was regarded as authoritative for the next fifty years. It is therefore still an important source for researchers in areas including Indian history, British colonialism, Orientalism and religious studies. Volume 1 describes and categorises Hindu deities and objects of worship, celestial, terrestrial, animate and inanimate.
Memoir and Scientific Correspondence of the Late Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Bart.
Authors: Stokes George Gabriel
Published: October 2010

Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge and President of the Royal Society, Sir George Gabriel Stokes (1819–1904) made substantial contributions to the fields of fluid dynamics, optics, physics, and geodesy, in which numerous discoveries still bear his name. The Memoir and Scientific Correspondence of the Late Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Bart., edited by Joseph Larmor, offers rare insight into this capacious scientific mind, with letters attesting to the careful, engaged experimentation that earned him international acclaim. Volume 2 (1907) includes important professional correspondence with James Clerk Maxwell, James Prescott Joule, and many others, with particular attention given to Stokes' activities with the British Meteorological Society. Many of his foundational innovations in optics are also explicated in these letters, serving in place of the authoritative volume he unfortunately never had the opportunity to complete.
First Voyage Round the World by Magellan
Authors: Pigafetta Antonio
Published: October 2010

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. This 1874 volume contains an account of the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1519–1522 by Antonio Pigafetta, a Venetian member of Magellan's expedition. It also contains Pigafetta's treatise on navigation, and other material relating to Magellan's voyage, including log-books, records by the pilot and others, and details of the crew and the cost of the fleet. Pigafetta vividly recorded the geography, climate, flora, fauna and the inhabitants of the places that the expedition visited, as well as Magellan's death in the Philippines.
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age
Authors: Gladstone William Ewart
Published: October 2010

Four-time prime minister William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898) was also a prolific author and enthusiastic scholar of the classics. Gladstone had spent almost two decades in politics prior to his writing the three-volume Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age. This work and the preceding 'On the place of Homer in classical education and in historical inquiry' (1857), reflect Gladstone's interest in the Iliad and the Odyssey, which he read with increasing frequency from the 1830s onward and which he viewed as particularly relevant to modern society. As he relates, he has two objects in the Studies: 'to promote and extend' the study of Homer's 'immortal poems' and 'to vindicate for them … their just degree both of absolute and, more especially, of relative critical value'. Volume 3 examines Greek polities of this period before returning to the poems themselves, their plots, characters and the beauty of their language.
Cicero, De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum
Authors: Cicero Marcus Tullius
Published: October 2010

Published in Copenhagen in 1879, this Cambridge edition is the third edition of Cicero's De Finibus by Johan Nicolai Madvig (1804–1886), first published in 1839. A Danish politician and leading classical scholar at the University of Copenhagen, Madvig was critical of what he considered careless German scholarship, and he sought a return to a truer manuscript tradition. His work focussed on Cicero and culminated in the first edition of De Finibus, which defined the standard for sound textual criticism. De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum (On the Ends of Good and Evil) is the most extensive of Cicero's works, in which he criticises three ancient philosophical schools of thought: Epicureanism, Stoicism, and the Platonism of the Academy of Antiochus. This third edition contains a revised preface outlining Madvig's method of ranking texts, and the five books of De Finibus.
Bookseller of the Last Century
Authors: Welsh Charles
Published: October 2010

Charles Welsh's account of the achievements of John Newbery was first published in 1885. Newbery is best known as the pioneering publisher of good-quality children's books such as A Little Pretty Pocket-Book and Little Goody Two-Shoes. In many ways he can be regarded as the first publisher who created and marketed books specifically for children. He was an associate of Samuel Johnson and Oliver Goldsmith, and founded a number of newspapers that published some of their works. Welsh also draws attention to a less well known aspect of Newbery's diverse business ventures: his involvement in the selling of patent medicines. The author chronicles the immediate successors to the Newbery business and includes a lengthy summary of the son Francis Newbery's autobiography. The illustrated book contains a number of appendices including John Newbery's will, lists of his publications and some of the newspapers with which he was associated.
Fifth Letter of Hernan Cortes to the Emperor Charles V
Authors: Cortés Hernán
Published: October 2010

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. This 1868 volume contains the first English translation of Hernán Cortés' 1526 report to Emperor Charles V on his expedition from Mexico to Honduras to subdue the rebellion in the Spanish colony which had been founded there. The colony was used to supply native workers for the Spanish Caribbean plantations, and was a recurring source of trouble for its overlords. The early years of Spanish colonisation in Central and South America were marked by power-struggles between the Conquistadors themselves, as this account shows.
The Monks of Westminster
Authors: Pearce Ernest Harold
Published: October 2010

For this 1916 work, Archdeacon E. H. Pearce searched through the extensive muniments of Westminster Abbey to provide a list of all the known members of the monastic community until the Dissolution. Over 700 individuals are included, with all the information about them available to the author. While the list is not complete, and the use of other sources would add additional names for the early period, Pearce completed a remarkable achievement. Westminster was a substantial foundation, with an average community of 47 for the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. About half of these, who held some office or function, are naturally better documented than ordinary monks. Scholarship was evidently valued by the abbey, although the majority of the writings evidenced were on the history of the community rather than theological or literary works. Some monks were supported at Oxford, but little is known of the education offered to the remainder.
Cosmos
Authors: von Humboldt Alexander
Published: October 2010

Polymath Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), a self-described 'scientific traveller', was one of the most respected scientists of his time. Humboldt's wanderlust led him across Europe and to South America, Mexico, the U.S. and Russia, and his voyages and observations resulted in the discovery of many species previously unknown to Europeans. Originating as lectures delivered in Berlin and Paris (1827–1828), his two-volume Cosmos: Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe (1845–1860) represented the culmination of his lifelong interest in understanding the physical world. As Humboldt writes, 'I ever desired to discern physical phenomena in their widest mutual connection, and to comprehend Nature as a whole, animated and moved by inward forces'. Volume 2 (1848) reviews poetic descriptions of nature as well as landscape painting from antiquity through to modernity, before using the same time-span to examine a 'History of the Physical Contemplation of the Universe'.
Narrative of a Recent Imprisonment in China after the Wreck of the Kite
Authors: Scott John Lee
Published: October 2010

Narrative of a Recent Imprisonment in China after the Wreck of the Kite (1841) is an autobiographical account, written by the merchant sailor John Lee Scott, of his 'shipwreck and subsequent imprisonment in the Celestial Empire' in 1840, during the First Anglo-Chinese or so-called 'Opium' War. In eight chapters, Scott describes leaving South Shields in the Kite, 'a beautiful brig of 281 tons' for Singapore in order to 'carry stores to the British fleet destined for China'. Scott recounts how the Kite was capsized on its way to deliver supplies to the British fleet based around Chusan, and how he and other crew members, after being washed up on the island of Ningpo, were captured by the Chinese and held prisoner for five months. Scott's Narrative provides an interesting insight into British perceptions of the Chinese during the Anglo-Chinese conflicts of the nineteenth century.
Matter and Motion
Authors: Maxwell James Clerk
Published: October 2010

Published posthumously in 1888, this treatise by the first Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge explores and explains the fundamental principles and laws that are the basis of elementary physics. Maxwell was at the forefront of physics and mathematics during the nineteenth century and his pioneering work brought together existing ideas to give 'a dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field'. This work inspired not only the applications of electromagnetic waves like fibre optics but also Einstein's theory of relativity. The text explains many of Newton's laws and the unifying concepts that govern a body and its motion. The increment in the complexity of topics allows one to build a solid understanding of the accepted laws of mathematical physics that explain topics like force, work, energy and the centre mass point of a material system. This logical guide and instruction is as timeless as the laws of physics that it explains.
Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
Authors: Webb Thomas William
Published: October 2010

Thomas William Webb (1807–1885) was an Oxford-educated English clergyman whose deep interest in astronomy and accompanying field observations eventually led to the publication of his Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes in 1859. An attempt 'to furnish the possessors of ordinary telescopes with plain directions for their use, and a list of objects for their advantageous employment', the book was popular with amateur stargazers for many decades to follow. Underlying Webb's celestial field guide and directions on telescope use was a deep conviction that the heavens pointed observers 'to the most impressive thoughts of the littleness of man, and of the unspeakable greatness and glory of the Creator'. A classic and well-loved work by a passionate practitioner, the monograph remains an important landmark in the history of astronomy, as well as a tool for use by amateurs and professionals alike.
Across Yunnan
Authors: Little Archibald John
Published: October 2010

Published posthumously in 1910, Archibald Little's memoir of his journey across the Yunnan Province in Southwest China was one of the first comprehensive accounts of the region to be published in English. Little, a skilled linguist, worked as a merchant in China for over fifty years and opened up the Upper Yangtze area to steam-powered commerce. He was well known for his intrepid travels into territories not yet explored by Westerners, and his record of this journey was originally published as a series of letters to the North China Herald. This book also contains Little's account of the building of the French Railway Line to Yunnan-Fu, which provided a trade route from India to the Upper Yangtze region. Across Yunnan was completed and edited by Little's wife after his death in 1908. The book includes a detailed map of the area and several photographs.
The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication
Authors: Darwin Charles
Published: October 2010

Charles Darwin (1809–1882) first published this work in 1868 in two volumes. The book began as an expansion of the first two chapters of On the Origin of Species: 'Variation under Domestication' and 'Variation under Nature', and it developed into one of his largest works; Darwin referred to it as his 'big book'. Volume 1 deals with the variations introduced into species as a result of domestication, through changes in climate, diet, breeding and an absence of predators. He began with an examination of dogs and cats, comparing them with their wild counterparts, and moved on to investigate horses and asses; pigs, cattle, sheep, and goats; domestic rabbits; domestic pigeons; fowl; and finally cultivated plants. The work is a masterpiece of nineteenth-century scientific investigation; it is a key text in the development of Darwin's own thought and of the wider discipline of evolutionary biology.