bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leber congenital amaurosis: A clinical and genetic study from a tertiary eye care center
Authors: Upadhyaya Abhishek , Padhy Srikanta Kr , Teja Nithin , Chattannavar Goura , Dutta Shreya , Pochaboina Venkatesh , Balasubramanian Jeyapoorani , Kannabiran Chitra , Takkar Brijesh , Bhate Manjushree , Jalali Subhadra , Parameswarappa Deepika C
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To assess the clinical phenotypes and genetic mutations in patients with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) from a tertiary eye care center in India.

Design:

Retrospective observational study.

Methods:

The study includes patients with a clinical diagnosis of LCA who underwent genetic testing from January 2016 to December 2021. The clinical exome of the patients was analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing. The genetic variants found were classified as per standard American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria and ClinVar database.

Results:

There were 35 patients (19 females, 16 males) of LCA. Family history was positive in 29% (10/35) and a history of consanguinity was noted in 54% (19/35) of the patients. The mean presenting best-corrected visual acuity was 2.48 ± 0.59 logMAR. Retinal pigment epithelial abnormalities and macular involvement were seen in 83% (58/70) and 23% (16/70) of the eyes, respectively, at presentation. The most common causative genes for LCA in our cohort were: GUCY2D (20%, 7/35), CRB1 (14%, 5/35), RPE65 (11%, 4/35), RPGRIP1 (11%, 4/35), and LCA5 (9%, 3/35). Autosomal recessive inheritance was seen in 94% (33/35). Macular involvement at presentation was seen in CRB1 (3/5), NMNAT1 (2/2), and one each of RPE65, LCA5, and RDH12 patients. The genetic testing cost was reduced from 23,800 INR to 15,000 INR per test in the study duration.

Conclusions:

Genetic screening of LCA cases identified various genotypes, with GUCY2D being the most common. Increased awareness and reduced costs of genetic testing would benefit both patients and caregivers. With promising clinical trial outcomes, genotyping is crucial for better patient selection and treatment.
Role of azithromycin as an add-on therapy in children with acute asthma exacerbation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tholia Chetna , Bhalla Kapil , Acharya Rohan , Pahwa Kumud , Yadav Dinkar
Published: December 2024

Background

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease, commonly affects children worldwide. Acute asthma exacerbations significantly impact children’s health, growth, and quality of life, straining families. To improve symptom relief and quality of life, new treatment options are needed.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of azithromycin (AZI) as an add-on therapy to standard treatment in children aged 5–14 years experiencing acute asthma exacerbation.

Study Design

A prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted.

Participants

Two hundred children presenting with acute asthma exacerbations were enrolled and divided into two groups (n = 100 each) using computer-generated randomization.

Intervention

The intervention group received oral AZI (10 mg/kg body weight once daily for 3 days) alongside standard therapy (inhaled β2-agonist, inhaled and/or systemic corticosteroids). The control group received standard therapy alone.

Outcomes

Both groups were assessed on day 4 for the proportion of patients experiencing relief from respiratory symptoms (cough, noisy breathing, chest discomfort, fast breathing, difficulty breathing) and any side effects. Quality of life was assessed using the MINIPQLQ score on day 14.

Results

The AZI group showed significantly better early symptom relief (cough, chest discomfort, noisy breathing, fast breathing, and difficulty breathing) on day 4 compared to the control group. Additionally, the AZI group demonstrated improved quality of life as measured by the MINIPQLQ score on day 14. No significant differences in lung function improvement (peak expiratory flow rate) or side effects were observed between the groups.

Conclusion

The study suggests that adding AZI to standard treatment for children with acute asthma exacerbation leads to earlier symptom relief and improved quality of life without significant side effects.
A to Z of National Tuberculosis Elimination Program
Authors: Nath Ravindra , Shweta Shweta , Rathi Vidushi , Ish Pranav
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major national health concern. National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) is an initiative by aimed at addressing the burden of TB and achieving TB elimination in India by 2025. This article provides a detailed overview of NTEP covering the details about crucial and complex terminologies used frequently in the program. This article will help para/medical students, health-care professionals, resident doctors, academicians, TB enthusiasts, public health professionals, etc., to surf through the details of program in a nutshell.
Comparison of risk factors and maternal outcomes in placenta previa: Assessing the impact of the revised classification in the Indian context
Authors: Gupta Tanvi , Udupa Vinita , Yenuberi Hilda Grace , Rathore Swati , Mani Thenmozhi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Placenta previa, characterized by the implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment close to or over the internal os, is a significant obstetric condition associated with maternal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare the risk factors and outcomes of women with low-lying placenta (LLP) and true placenta previa (TPP) based on the revised classification in the Indian context.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with traditional placenta previa at a tertiary care hospital in Vellore, India, between January 2006 and December 2016. The revised classification was applied, categorizing patients into LLP and TPP groups. Risk factors, including age, gravida, parity, previous cesarean sections, and previous placenta previa, were analyzed. Maternal outcomes such as mode of delivery, peripartum hemorrhage, and postpartum complications were assessed.

Results:

Among 888 women diagnosed with traditional placenta previa, 353 had LLP and 535 had TPP. Older age and previous cesarean delivery were significantly associated with TPP. Symptoms at presentation differed between the two groups, with LLP patients experiencing abdominal pain and leaking per vaginum, whereas TPP patients primarily presented with bleeding per vaginum. TPP was associated with a higher rate of cesarean deliveries, operative interventions, estimated blood loss, and the need for adjunct procedures, including peripartum hysterectomy. In addition, TPP was linked to longer hospital stays and a higher likelihood of intensive care unit admission.

Conclusion:

The revised classification of placenta previa offers improved risk assessment and enhances obstetric management. Women with TPP are at higher risk for adverse maternal outcomes compared to those with LLP. This study provides valuable insights into the Indian context, helping clinicians better understand the implications of the revised classification and tailor interventions for optimal maternal care.
Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Periodontitis Patients with and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study
Authors: Aishwaraya V. L. , Subramanian Sangeetha , Prakash P. S. G. , Appukuttan Devapriya , Crena Jasmine , Ramkumar Raksha
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) within the general population and investigate its association with periodontitis in patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 120 patients were enrolled and divided into three groups: Group A (control), consisting of patients with gingivitis; Group B, consisting of patients with periodontitis; and Group C, consisting of patients with both periodontitis and T2DM. Each group contained 40 participants. A detailed oral history was collected from all participants, including information on diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The Berlin questionnaire was administered to assess the risk of OSA. Baseline periodontal parameters were recorded for each participant.

Results:

Among the study groups, 52.5% of patients in Group B (periodontitis) and 82.5% in Group C (periodontitis with T2DM) were identified as having a high risk for OSA. Among smokers, 33% in Group B and 59% in Group C were at high risk for OSA, whereas only 8% of smokers in Group A exhibited a high risk. Additionally, 60% of individuals who consumed alcohol were categorized as high risk for OSA. Multivariate regression analysis showed a significant association between periodontitis and OSA risk, with the highest risk observed in individuals with both periodontitis and T2DM (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study indicates that patients with periodontitis are at a significantly higher risk for OSA, with the risk elevated even further in patients with both periodontitis and T2DM. These findings underscore the need for heightened awareness and potential screening for OSA in individuals with periodontitis, particularly those with additional risk factors such as T2DM, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Early detection and referral for sleep studies can help mitigate the potential systemic impacts of untreated OSA, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and metabolic disturbances. Additionally, clinicians should consider integrating screenings for OSA into routine periodontal care, particularly for patients with known risk factors. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate whether the treatment of periodontitis can improve OSA outcomes and whether early intervention for OSA can positively affect periodontal health and overall systemic health.
The Antimicrobial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles incorporated into Alginate Impression Material: An In vitro Study
Authors: Al-Nema Hamzah , Al-Nema Luma , Al-Ali Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim:

In dental clinics, disinfecting alginate impression materials is a critical practice to prevent cross-infection. Recently, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been explored for their potential antimicrobial properties, making them promising additives for dental materials. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs incorporated into alginate impression materials and assesses the impact on material flow. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of ZnO NPs when incorporated into alginate impression material and to examine its effect on the material’s flow properties.

Materials and Methods:

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were incorporated into an irreversible hydrocolloid alginate impression material at varying concentrations. The antimicrobial properties were assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for antifungal activity against Candida albicans, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The well-diffusion test was employed to observe zone inhibition. The flow properties of the modified alginate were evaluated using a standardized flow test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the morphological characteristics and nanoparticle distribution in the alginate matrix. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test, with a significance level set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

The results showed that the MIC for ZnO NPs against Candida albicans was 5% by weight, and the MFC was 10% by weight. For Staphylococcus aureus, the MIC was also 5%, with the MBC at 10%. The incorporation of ZnO NPs resulted in a significant reduction in the flow of the alginate material. SEM images revealed a random distribution of ZnO NPs within the alginate matrix, suggesting uniform incorporation.

Conclusion:

The incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles into alginate impression materials conferred both antibacterial and antifungal properties, with effective antimicrobial activity observed at concentrations as low as 5%. However, the addition of ZnO NPs led to a decrease in the material’s flow, which may affect the handling characteristics of the alginate. Clinically, the antimicrobial properties of ZnO NP-enhanced alginate could reduce the risk of cross-contamination in dental settings, but the alteration in flow must be considered when selecting or modifying impression materials for clinical use. Future studies should focus on optimizing the concentration of ZnO NPs to balance antimicrobial efficacy with material performance.
Comparative Study of Anti-COVID Mouthwash and Remineralization Agents on Dentinal Tubular Occlusion: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Soleimanyfar Mohammad Faruq , Tabatabaei Somayeh Hosseini
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aim:

Tooth sensitivity caused by exposed dentin tubules is a common clinical problem requiring correct treatment methods. Owing to the spread of the COVID-19 virus, it has become common to use different mouthwashes, including 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), before dental procedures. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of 1.5% HP, tooth mousse casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) toothpaste on dentinal tubular occlusion.

Materials and Methods:

In this laboratory interventional study, eighty dentin disks with a thickness of 15 mm were prepared from permanent human molar teeth. Five dentin disks were randomly placed in the untreated group (Group 1). The remaining dentin disks were immersed in 5 mL of 17% Ethylendiaminetetraacetic. Fifteen disks were randomly isolated from the resulting slices, constituting Group 2. The remnants of the disks were submerged in 15 mL of 1.5% HP. Then, they were randomly divided into four groups: not affected by any substance (Group 3), immersed in the artificial saliva (Group 4), tooth mousse CPP-ACP (Group 5), and n-HAP toothpaste (Group 6). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluated the dentinal tubular occlusion in each group, according to the following scoring criteria: Score 1: no occlusion; Score 2: less than 50%; Score 3: more than 50%; Score 4: almost all dentin tubules. Two observers ranked the micrographs separately. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests analyzed the findings (P < 0.05).

Results:

There was a significant difference in the degree of dentin tubule occlusion among the six groups (P < 0.001). The HP group significantly differed with CPP-ACP, n-HAP, and artificial saliva (P < 0.001). Among the interfering experimental materials, the n-HAP demonstrated the highest rate of tubular obstruction (P < 0.05), with the first observer reporting that 66.7% scored 3 and 26.7% scored 4 and the second observer reporting that 73.3% scored 3 and 13.3% scored 4.

Conclusion:

The study’s findings suggest that the anti-COVID mouthwash did not amend dentin tubule obstruction, whereas the n-HAP toothpaste showed the best blockage. This implies that in patients with tooth sensitivity who use preprocedural anti-COVID mouthwash, the n-HAP toothpaste could be a beneficial choice to enhance dentinal tubule blockage.
A Case Report on Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma Unveiling the Pivotal Role of its Prompt Diagnosis
Authors: Nita Amakcham , Sethi Kavleen K. , Iqbal Haider , Mishra Anuj , Srivastava Tanmay , Srivastava Sparsh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The benign, bone-forming tumor referred to as juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) predominantly affects children and teenagers. JOF is an aggressive variety of ossifying fibroma of the jaw, which exhibits a high proclivity for relapse and presents a broad clinical spectrum. A fibro-osseous lesion comprising bands of cellular osteoid trabeculae, huge cells, and cell-rich fibrous tissue is identified as a JOF. Benign mesenchymal skeletal tumors designated as fibro-osseous lesions originate when normal bone is replaced, to varying amounts, by mineralized tissue, blood vessels, and gigantic cells. For the effective intervention of JOF, swift identification and immediate intervention are crucial. This case report recounts the JOF in a 17-year-old girl who presented with classic clinical, radiological, and histological signs of a growing swelling that caused disfigurement on the left side of her face, persistently present for two years. A surgical extirpation was executed and is being monitored to avert recurrence.
Reconstruction of Infraorbital Floor using Marlex Mesh through Intraoral Vestibular Approach using Endoscope for Reduction
Authors: Bhaskar MN , Shabari UB , Raikar Shruti G , Suresh KK , Bharathi P
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Infraorbital floor fracture is a common occurrence in cases of road traffic accidents. A variety of approaches and materials are available for the repair of such fractures. In this case series, we have discussed a conservative approach using an endoscope and the use of Marlex mesh for the repair of ZMC fractures. We have briefly discussed the importance of the selected approach and material, as well as the various advantages of using this combination.
Scanning in Dentistry: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dhar Antarik
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

With a focus on optical impressions, this literature review examines the development, present state, and potential future effects of scanning technology in dentistry. From confocal laser scanning to accordion fringeinterferometry (AFI), we explore the imaging principles of various dental scanners, such as iTero Element, TRIOS 3, Lava C.O.S., True Definition, and CEREC Omnicam. The manual and electronic literatures of previous ten years in the databanks of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were conducted. The search terms were “intraoral scanner” AND “diagnosis*” OR “Dental Scanners.” The types of studies included were restricted to the original studies and human trials. Analyses of subgroups and meta-regression were used to calculate the heterogeneity. Twenty-eight papers were considered in the review and the results cover primary conclusions, oral diseases identified by intraoral scanning (IOS), and oral diagnostic tools. This review enhances our understanding of IOS scanning in dentistry by exploring its diagnostic effectiveness across various oral disorders. The review explores scanning technology in dentistry, highlighting its revolutionary effects and future applications. It is a valuable resource for professionals and academics in this field amid its digital transformation.
Proposed Classification of Midline Lingual Canal: A CBCT Study
Authors: Khatri Mansi A. , Jani Yesha V. , Jha Reeta , Misra Deepankar , Modi Siddharth G. , Patel Harmi
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has identified some important anatomical landmarks in inter-foraminal region, which can contribute to the explanation of hemorrhagic and nervous disturbances occurring in this region following implant placement.

Materials And Methods:

The study included 100 subjects. CBCT scans were performed. The number of midline lingual foramina and their diameter was measured. The length of the midline lingual canal, direction, and distances of the canal from the crest of the ridge, lower border of mandible, labial cortex, and lingual cortex were measured.

Results:

All subjects showed at least one Midline Lingual Canal (MLC). The average diameter was 1.67 mm. Average length of the canal was 7.34 mm. Thirty percent of subjects are in group N (single canals), 70% of subjects are in group M (multiple canals). The maximum canals were in D2 group (80%).

Conclusion:

CBCT can facilitate the visibility of MLC, if any. Clinicians should take note of the position of the midline mandibular lingual canal and approach this area with caution.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents, Irrigation Solutions, and Surface Disinfection Techniques for Preventing Bacterial Contamination and Biofilm Formation on Implant Surfaces In Vitro
Authors: Priyadharsana PS , Dubey Vertika , Kaur Prabhleen , Nagar Priya , Chethan J , Priyanka BB
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Peri-implant diseases, driven by bacterial biofilms, threaten long-term implant success. This study evaluated various antimicrobial agents for preventing bacterial contamination and biofilm formation on implant surfaces.

Methods:

Ultraviolet radiation type C (UV-C) light, povidone-iodine (PVP-I), chlorhexidine (CHX), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were tested against bacterial cultures. Log reduction values quantified bacterial population decrease. Biofilm formation was assessed using crystal violet staining and optical density at 570 (OD570) measurements.

Results:

UV-C and PVP-I showed the highest log reductions (3.7067, 3.6200), followed by CHX (2.9467) and H2O2 (2.3800). UV-C and PVP-I most effectively inhibited biofilm formation (OD570: 0.0600, 0.0800), followed by CHX (0.1200) and H2O2 (0.1767).

Conclusion:

UV-C and PVP-I demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing bacterial load and inhibiting biofilm formation, suggesting potential as valuable tools for preventing and managing peri-implant infections.
Comparison and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sesame Oil, Coconut Oil, and Sunflower Oil Pulling on Gingival Health—A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mehta Meghna , Majumder Prasanta , Chowdhury Dibyendu Dam , Kalai Praveen , Adhil K. Mohamed , Nath Shib Kumar
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Compare and evaluate the efficacy of sesame oil, coconut oil, and sunflower oil pulling on gingival health.

Methodology:

Triple-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted by using three different oils in three groups.

Results:

All three oils were found to be effective on gingival health but coconut oil is found to be more effective.

Conclusion:

This study concluded that all three oils were effective in improving gingival health.
Periodontal Inflammation as a Modifiable Risk Factor for COPD Exacerbations in the Indian Population: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Parihar Anuj Singh , Edake Dhairaysheel N. , Nema Sandhya , Laxmipriya Manoharmayum , Vediya Shailja S. , Kochar Deepak , Laddha Rashmi
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health concern in India, with exacerbations leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition, may affect COPD outcomes by promoting systemic inflammation. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal inflammation and the risk of COPD exacerbations in the Indian population.

Methods:

A total of 2500 participants with established COPD from various regions of India were enrolled and followed for five years. Baseline assessments included comprehensive periodontal evaluations, with measurements of clinical parameters and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6). COPD exacerbations were defined as events requiring medical intervention, such as hospitalization, emergency room visits, or changes in medication.

Results:

Periodontal inflammation, measured by clinical attachment loss and elevated inflammatory markers, was significantly associated with a higher risk of COPD exacerbations (Hazard Ratio [HR] 2.3, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.7–3.1), even after adjusting for confounders. Specific periodontal parameters and inflammatory markers were identified as strong predictors of future exacerbations.

Conclusions:

This study provides evidence that periodontal inflammation is an independent and potentially modifiable risk factor for COPD exacerbations in the Indian population. Addressing periodontal health as a part of COPD management may offer a novel approach to reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations, thereby improving quality of life and clinical outcomes.
A Correlation Study of Birthing Ball Technique and Sacral Massage on Maternal and Fetal Well-being Among Parturient Women: A Non-Randomized Clinical Trail
Authors: Madavan Sundaram , Gopalakrishnan Bhuvaneswari , Anand Chandrika , Thenmozhi
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

A woman’s pregnancy might be challenging because there are so many changes happening at the time. Most women who give birth have severe labor pain. Women typically use a number of coping strategies, including both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological, or more natural, techniques, to minimize labor discomfort. “Non-pharmacological coping strategies” refers to methods other than using medications to alleviate labor pain.

Objective:

The present study was conducted to correlate birthing ball exercise and sacral massage on maternal and fetal well-being among prim parturient women

Methods:

A quasi-experimental design was adopted. A total of 300 primigravidae with 150 each in the experimental and control groups were selected by purposive sampling. Primigravidae in the experiment group underwent birthing ball exercises and sacral massage during their active phase of labor. The control group received routine hospital standard care. The Visual Analog Pain Scale, GAD-7 Anxiety Severity Scale, Apgar score, and Rating scale on Satisfaction were used to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data.

Results:

The findings of the study showed that the mutual correlation coefficients of the level of satisfaction, pain perception, anxiety, cervical dilatation, uterine contraction, and fetal heart rate of the control group post-test-2 are given.

Conclusion:

As a non-pharmacological intervention, the birthing ball technique and sacral massage are necessary to decrease pain perception and reduce anxiety level, which will increase cervical dilatation.
Nursing Staff Knowledge Towards COVID-19 in Majmaah Region, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alasiry Sharifa M.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

COVID-19 is a major concern globally and locally in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Although the Saudi Ministry of Health has set standard precautions, the number of critical cases have not been reduced. During the global pandemic, nurses play very important roles when dealing with COVID-19 patients, with strong involvement in clinical management, awareness, knowledge sharing, and public safety.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate and assess the level of knowledge, perception, and skills of nursing staff in the Majmaah region of Saudi Arabia regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and Method:

A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted through an online questionnaire specifically intended for nursing staff in the Majmaah region of Saudi Arabia. The survey yielded 66 responses.

Findings:

Findings suggest that the Knowledge scale is significantly strong and positive. Additionally, we found that preparedness and skill levels are similar between all age groups of nurses. Likewise, there was a significant difference between nurses who answered the survey in Arabic and those who completed it in English. The findings suggest that nursing staff have an acceptable level of knowledge and a positive outlook on overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that poses a significant threat to public health. The current study provides a comprehensive assessment of the knowledge, preparedness, and skills of the nursing staff in the Majmaah region of Saudi Arabia regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Correlation of Untreated Dental Caries and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Amongst School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Deshpande Shantanu , Mistry Laresh , Shekatkar Madhura , Kheur Supriya , Agarwal Sumeet , Sachdev Sanpreet Singh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Untreated dental caries can drastically affect a child’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of untreated caries and their impact on children’s quality of life.

Materials and Methods:

The oral cavity of 640 children aged 12-15 years attending municipal corporation secondary schools was examined using the PUFA index. OHRQoL was assessed with the Child Oral Health Impact Profile - Simplified (COHIP-SF) questionnaire, comprising 19 questions.

Results:

The mean PUFA score was 0.98 ± 1.356, and the mean COHIP total score was 15.32 ± 11.34. The total COHIP score exhibited a strong negative correlation (correlation coefficient = -0.80) with the PUFA score.

Conclusion:

Higher PUFA scores had detrimental effects on quality of life, with the greatest concerns in socio-emotional well-being and self-image.
The Impact of Customized Interventions on Antenatal Mothers’ Body Mass Index
Authors: Sathiyabama G , Kalabarathi S , Nidhisharma
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Antenatal exercise andYoga improves strength, balance and flexibility and reduces maternal stress and yield better outcome of pregnancy.

Aim:

To assess and compare effect of yoga nad exercise on maternal Body mass Index Material and methods Sample size 132 and each group 33 samples one control and 3 experimental group. The YG and EG groups received prenatal exercise 40 minutes and yoga 20 minutes intervention 2 days per week consecutively 16 weeks provided. At 20th week the Pre test BMI and 36 week post test Measured.

Results:

Control group gradually improved BMI comparing to all Experimental groups, Significantly at P.0.001 level. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Conclusion:

Customized yoga and prenatal exercise interventions will be more helpful in bringing BMI back to normal.
Computational Evaluation of Tridax Procumbens Phytoconstituents in Wound Healing Process
Authors: Jeevitha M. , Gurumoorthy Kaarthikeyan , Navarasu M.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Wound healing is a multicellular and complicated process that strives to restore the skin’s barrier function. Different cell types, including keratinocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts collaborate for the process to complete. Tridax procumbens is a very important natural plant that is commonly found in the tropical region and has a wide range of pharmacological actions. In the present study the molecular docking was used to identify the activity of four compounds from T. procumbens to the selected receptor. The goal of this work was to anticipate the capacity of four T. procumbens compounds to interact with IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. Pyrx was used to run docking simulations for these compounds. Results of this study showed that all the four compounds showed interaction with selected target proteins. Among the four compounds, Tannic acid showed excellent binding and hydrogen bond interaction with all the selected target proteins. The results showed that T. procumbens compounds are effective anti-inflammatory agents. However, further research is required to validate the action of these molecules.
Evaluating the Psychological Effect of Orthodontic Treatment after 1 Year Using Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire in Indian Subjects: A Prospective Assessment
Authors: Bai JK Sonia , Prasad Sambhu , Dubey Nitu , Panni Padma , Jha Awanindra K. , Sinha Abhik
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The effect of dental malocclusion and management on functional and psychological wellbeing is a topic of interest.

Aim:

The study was conducted to assess the change in the psychological effect of malocclusion using PIDAQ (Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire) adopted for Indian subjects after 1 year of orthodontic treatment.

Methods:

The study assessed 186 subjects needing fixed orthodontic treatment where PIDAQ translated in Hindi was used after pretesting. All subjects were asked to answer the questionnaire at pretreatment and 1 year following treatment as T1 and T2. Also, IOTN (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need) was used to assess self-perception and severity of malocclusion.

Results:

A statistically significant decrease in each factor and total PIDAQ score was seen after 1 year of treatment (P < 0.001). A positive association was seen between IOTN-AC (IOTN-Aesthetic Component) and psychological malocclusion impact.

Conclusion:

The psychometric PIDAQ scores instrument can be used as an OHRQoL (Oral Health-Related Quality of Life) assessment tool in Indian subjects for further research assessment.
Impact of Telephonic Reinforcement on Glycemic Control in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Interventional Study at a Tertiary Healthcare Center
Authors: Bansal Reemu , Katyayani Ambi , Bethamcherla Bala C. , Ramamoorthy Lakshiya , Ranjan Rajiv , Murugesan Lakshmi , Sivakumar Nithila , Raj Darshan K. , Jain Rishabh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a prevalent endocrine disease in children, requiring consistent management of diet, physical activity, insulin delivery, and glucose monitoring. Telemedicine has shown benefits for adults with chronic diseases, but its effectiveness for pediatric T1DM in India is less explored. This study compares glycemic control in pediatric T1DM patients before and after telephonic reinforcement.

Methodology:

A prospective interventional study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center in India. Thirty-five pediatric T1DM patients were included, with baseline characteristics recorded. Patients received telephonic support three times a month for nine months, focusing on blood sugar monitoring, insulin administration, and follow-ups. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:

The mean HbA1c level decreased significantly from 11.85 ± 1.15 at baseline to 9.05 ± 1.55 at nine months (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Telephonic reinforcement improved glycemic control and compliance in pediatric T1DM patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.
Efficacy of Extended Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Azithromycin in Cesarean Sections
Authors: Thirunavukkarausu Sumangali , Chinnappa Poornima , Kaliamoorthi Anupriya
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a serious concern in cesarean sections, leading to research on improved preventive measures, to evaluate the effectiveness of standard antibiotic prophylaxis alone versus an extended regimen that includes azithromycin in reducing SSIs in nonelective cesarean sections.

Methods:

In this randomized controlled trial, 288 women who were undergoing nonelective cesarean sections at a tertiary care hospital in South India were involved. Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving standard prophylaxis with cefazolin and the other receiving an extended regimen with azithromycin. The main focus was on the occurrence of SSIs within six weeks after the surgery.

Results:

The extended regimen group had a slightly lower incidence of SSIs (1.42%) compared to the standard regimen group (6.12%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.112).

Conclusion:

Although the inclusion of azithromycin alongside standard prophylactic antibiotics demonstrated a slight decrease in SSIs, the results did not reach statistical significance. These findings indicate potential advantages in certain patient groups, which should be explored in more detail.
In vitro Evaluation of Titanium Exfoliation during Simulated Surgical Insertion of Dental Implants
Authors: Mishra Tanisha , Kukreja Bhavna Jha , Patel Ruchi , Ghadage Mahesh , Dalave Pranita , Kumari Shivani , Pattnaik Naina , Jadhav Manish S.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Titanium dental implants are widely used due to their biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the potential for titanium particle exfoliation during surgical insertion remains a concern, as it may affect osseointegration and peri-implant health. This study aims to evaluate the extent of titanium exfoliation during simulated surgical insertion of dental implants.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 titanium dental implants were surgically inserted into synthetic bone blocks using a standardized drilling protocol. The procedure was conducted in a controlled laboratory environment to simulate clinical conditions. Titanium particle exfoliation was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) at multiple insertion depths (0 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm). The quantity of titanium particles was measured and analyzed statistically.

Results:

The SEM and EDS analyses revealed significant titanium exfoliation at each insertion depth. The mean number of titanium particles detected at 0 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm depths were 25 ± 5, 45 ± 8, and 60 ± 10 particles per mm2, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in particle count with increasing depth of insertion (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that titanium exfoliation occurs during the surgical insertion of dental implants and increases with the depth of insertion. This exfoliation could potentially impact peri-implant tissue health and osseointegration. Further clinical studies are necessary to assess the long-term effects of titanium particle exfoliation on implant success.
Radiological and Surgical Assessment of Proximity of Roots of Mandibular Third Molar to the Inferior Alveolar Canal in Impacted Teeth
Authors: Bandiwadekar Tushar K. , Tauro David P. , Malagi Sachin K. , Dubey Abhinav , Advait Kolla , Bhatt Sumit
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

A mandibular canal around the lower third molar roots house the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). There is a risk of nerve injury during surgical tooth extraction.

Methods:

The College of Dental Sciences at Davangere’s Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery served as the outpatient setting for this investigation. The study comprised one hundred participants who were going to have their mandibular third molars surgically extracted. The risk of IAN injury was evaluated by comparing the radiographic findings from preoperative orthopantomography and intraoral periapical radiographs with intraoperative observations.

Results:

The study revealed that the patient’s age did not have a significant correlation with the risk of nerve injury. However, cases involving bony impactions were found to have a higher risk of IAN damage. Additionally, mesioangular impactions and radiographic indicators, such as root deflection, were associated with an elevated risk of nerve injury.

Conclusion:

To reduce the risk of IAN injury during the extraction of mandibular third molars, it is essential to have a detailed understanding of the relevant anatomical features and to plan the surgical procedure meticulously.
Fracture Susceptibility in Non-Vital Apex Teeth Following Various Modified Apexification Procedure – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Nagaraj NJ , Sikarwar Peyush Pratap Singh , Jena Debkant , Gangwal Rini , Mohanty Ipsita , Rizvi Adnan Haider
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Objective:

The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of juvenile teeth that were simulated and strengthened with two different root canal backfilling combinations (gutta-percha/AH26) and biodentine (BD) as apical barriers.

Materials:

Five groups (n = 10) of removed human maxillary incisors were randomly assigned. There was no instrumentation of the positive control group. To replicate juvenile teeth, coronal access was established for the other groups, and root canals were instrumented using the ProTaper up to F5. Six Peeso reamers were then permitted to pass 1 mm beyond the apex to size 6 (1.7 mm). Either mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or BD apical barrier was used to fill the top 4 mm of their root canals, and either gutta-percha or AH26 obturation combination was used as the backfill. Coronal access cavities were restored using composite resin. Universal testing equipment was used to record the maximum load required for each tooth to fracture. Analysis of variance was used to examine the data.

Results:

Compared to the negative control groups, the non-instrumented Group I had the greatest fracture resistance and varied considerably (P < 0.05). In contrast, regardless of the backfilling combination, there was no discernible difference between the BD and MTA groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

In terms of resistance to root fracture, there was no difference between the backfilling combination and the MTA and BD apical barriers.
Integration of simulation-based medical education: Student satisfaction and self-confidence at Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yassin Abuobaida
Published: December 2024

Background:

Simulation-based medical education (SBME) involves using techniques to replicate real scenarios that health profession students will encounter in the clinical areas.

Aims:

This research aimed to investigate medical student experiences before and after integrating SBME in the internal medicine clerkship courses at the Faculty of Medicine (FOM), Jazan University (JU), Saudi Arabia (SA).

Settings and Design:

This quasi-experimental design was based on the NLN Jeffries Nursing Education Simulation Framework, which was conducted among medical students at the FOM at JU, SA.

Subjects and Methods:

Data were gathered through validated questionnaires aligned with the chosen framework: the Educational Practices Questionnaire, the Simulation Design Scale, and the Self-Confidence in Learning Questionnaire. These instruments were translated into Arabic and circulated among 532 medical students enrolled in the internal medicine clerkship courses.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data collected from Google Forms underwent analysis using These data had been entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 24.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Frequencies and means were computed for descriptive statistics, and relationships, as well as predictions for student satisfaction and self-confidence, were evaluated through Chi-square tests and multiple regression.

Results:

A total of 433 students participated, representing an 81.4% response rate. The participants displayed a balanced gender distribution (46.3% being male and 53.7% female). The academic distribution among the participants was diverse, with 38.2% in their 4th year, 34.5% in their 5th year, and 27.3% in their 6th year. A majority of the students (72.9%) exhibited a cumulative grade point average indicative of very good performance. Following the intervention, notable enhancements were observed in simulation design and educational practices. Mean scores for objectives and support experienced a significant increase (P < 0.05). Students’ satisfaction with their learning significantly rose (P = 0.027); however, improvements in self-confidence were not statistically significant. Moreover, the predictors of satisfaction underscored the significance of diverse learning methodologies and clear objectives. The importance of feedback mechanisms for improving satisfaction and self-confidence became apparent, suggesting that customized educational strategies could optimize the advantages of SBME.

Conclusions:

The current study emphasizes significant enhancements in student contentment and teaching methods after the intervention, emphasizing the value of varied learning approaches. Although the increase in self-confidence was not statistically notable, personalized feedback mechanisms are crucial for improving student experiences in medical education based on simulation. Tailored strategies can optimize educational advantages.
Exploring mothers’ knowledge and practices of colostrum feeding in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mustafa Mai , Jareebi Mohammad A. , Hakami Hanin Adeeb , Jadah Abdulmajeed Ali , Alkorbi Bashayer Naji , Kuriri Ramah Mohammad , Madkhali Hamed Yahya , Shok Sarah Hadi , Ayyashi Norah Mohammed , Aljudayba Reham , Abdalla Leena
Published: December 2024

Background:

Colostrum is the first milk produced by a mother’s mammary glands, occurring before birth and lasting 2–4 days after delivery. It is crucial for newborn health because it provides immunoglobulins and essential nutrients. However, many misconceptions and a lack of knowledge about colostrum and its properties exist.

Aim:

This study assessed mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding colostrum feeding to improve local health interventions.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 330 mothers from the Jazan region participated. They completed an online self-administered questionnaire providing demographic information and information about their knowledge and practices regarding colostrum collection.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were analyzed using SPSS, utilizing Chi-square tests and descriptive statistics.

Results:

The study showed that 87.9% of mothers had good knowledge of colostrum. Having five or more children and receiving prenatal and postpartum education were linked to better understanding. Of the 330 participants, 85.8% practiced colostrum feeding, 80.6% of whom understood that it should start within an hour of birth. The primary sources of information about colostrum were relatives (32.4%) and health practitioners (25.2%).

Conclusions:

This study revealed that mothers in the Jazan region have high knowledge of and good practices related to colostrum feeding. They mainly receive information about colostrum from relatives. These findings highlight the importance of continuing education programs for mothers with one or two children and those without prior education about colostrum feeding. Maintaining prenatal and postnatal educational programs about colostrum feeding is recommended, and further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these educational interventions.