bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Stress Resistance in Acute Kidney Injury: Evidence for a PPAR-Gamma-Coactivator-1 Alpha-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Pathway
Authors: Parikh Samir M.
Published: May 2019

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is estimated to affect 3–10% of all hospitalized adults in the United States, making it one of the most common inpatient diagnoses. Despite this staggering incidence, most individuals exposed to AKI stressors, such as intravenous radiocontrast or cardiopulmonary bypass, do not develop AKI. In fact, whereas animal models of ischemia, sepsis, or nephrotoxicity suggest near-uniform responses to stressors, the natural history of stressed patients is highly heterogeneous. Recent studies of mitochondrial perturbations underlying experimental and human AKI suggest a conserved metabolic contribution to this variance. The renal tubule is only second to the heart in terms of mitochondrial abundance, reflecting the exquisite need for fuel combustion to generate the energy for active solute transport. The homeostasis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a requisite coenzyme in oxidative metabolism, may be an important determinant of the renal response to AKI stressors. This mini-review highlights recent studies implicating NAD+ dysregulation in experimental and human AKI and summarizes findings from a pilot randomized trial to augment NAD+ among at-risk individuals.
Long-Term Survival and Cure in Distant Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Güth Uwe , Elfgen Constanze , Montagna Giacomo , Schmid Seraina Margaretha
Published: May 2019

Background: Previous data showed that distant metastatic breast cancer (MBC) might be curable in up to 3% of the cases in selected patients, mostly young, with good performance status and with low-volume metastatic disease, mainly by an aggressive multidisciplinary approach including aggressive combination chemotherapy regimens. These long-lasting responses question the belief that MBC is wholly incurable. This study evaluates the rate of long-term survivors and potentially cured patients in an unselected cohort of MBC patients. Methods: We analyzed the data from 342 patients in whom distant MBC was diagnosed from 1990 to 2011. For this study, we defined a metastatic disease survival (MDS) of 9 years as inclusion criterion for long-term survivorship. Results: Eighteen patients (5.3%) were long-term survivors (MDS: 126 months; range, 108–300 months). The rate of long-term survivors was equally distributed over time (1990–1999: 4.3% vs. 2000–2011: 5.9%, p = 0.63). Compared to patients who had a lower MDS, long-term survivors had significantly more often primary MBC (p = 0.005) and hormone receptor-positive carcinomas (p = 0.015). Age at MBC diagnosis, presence of visceral metastases, and limited number of metastatic sites at the time of MBC diagnosis appeared to have no significant impact on long-term survival. Long-term survival was not associated with the use of chemotherapy (50.0% vs. 65.7% in the control group, p = 0.21). Eight patients (2.3%) developed a complete remission and presented with no evidence of disease at the time of last follow-up (MDS: 234.5 months). Conclusion: Since long-term survivors in MBC comprise a relatively heterogeneous group, the factors that lead to the quite rare and felicitous case of long-term survival or even cure can hardly be evaluated systematically. Some patients may be considered cured of their disease. This fraction may be small, but the chance of survival, and even of cure, truly exists. Perhaps we must accept that the factors contributing to long-term survival remain an enigma. It appears, however, that aggressive chemotherapy is not the only key factor to long-term remission.
Drinking Water: The Saltier The Better?
Authors: Bispham Nina Z. , Nowak Kristen L.
Published: May 2019

See Article
Naser et al
Delgadobius amazonensis—a new genus and species of the subtribe Philonthina from Amazonia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Authors: CHANI-POSSE MARIANA , COUTURIER GUY
Published: May 2019

Delgadobius amazonensis Chani-Posse & Couturier, gen. et sp. nov., a new genus and species of the subtribe Philonthina (tribe Staphylinini) from Amazonia, is described and illustrated. The potential phylogenetic relationships of Delgadobius with other Neotropical genera of Philonthina are discussed. Distributional and bionomic data are also provided. Delgadobius amazonensis is reported in association with four species of palm trees (Arecaceae).
More than a number: clarifying the dates of publication of some papers of A. Doering on land and freshwater shells from Argentina and a note on his taxon Clessinia (Odontostomidae)
Authors: BREURE ABRAHAM S. H. , MIQUEL SERGIO E.
Published: May 2019

The dates of publication of ten papers of A. Doering published from 1874–1879 in two Argentinan journals are reviewed.Seven of these papers appear to have been published later than their printed dates suggest. The status of one taxon described in these papers, Clessinia Doering, 1875, is clarified.
Range Extensions and Taxonomic Notes on Atlantic Myxasteridae (Velatida; Asteroidea)
Authors: MAH CHRISTOPHER L. , MERCIER ANNIE , HAMEL JEAN-FRANCOIS , NIZINSKI MARTHA
Published: May 2019

Newly collected specimens of the Atlantic Myxaster sol and a further record of Pythonaster atlantidis add to the knownoccurrence records and the morphological variation of these rarely encountered species. Distribution data suggests thatboth M. sol and P. atlantidis are pan-Atlantic species and are similar to other widely distributed deep-sea asteroid species.Re-examination of the type of Myxaster perrieri further supports its placement within Myxaster and not Pythonaster as has been recently reported.
New Records of the Genus Jessopocoris Carvalho, 1981 (Hemiptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae), with Descriptions of Two New Species Found in China
Authors: MU YI-RAN , LIU GUO-QING
Published: May 2019

Three species of Jessopocoris Carvalho are presented, and J. yunnananus and J. aterovittatus, both from China, are described here as new to science. A key to species of Jessopocoris is given. Photographs of the dorsal habitus and illustrations of the dorsal view of hemelytra and the male genitalia are provided. Descriptions and illustrations of the male genitalic characters of Jessopocoris are provided for the first time.
A review of the genus Corynoneura Winnertz (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Neotropical region
Authors: WIEDENBRUG SOFIA , LAMAS CARLOS E. , TRIVINHO-STRIXINO SUSANA
Published: May 2019

Currently the genus Corynoneura Winnertz comprises 10 species already cited or described for the Neotropical region. Inthe present paper 15 new species are described for the Neotropics: 12 new species are described from Brazil, five of themare described as male, female, pupa and larva, Corynoneura canchim sp. n., C. diogo sp. n., C. espraiado sp. n., C.humbertoi sp. n., C. salviniatilis sp. n.; three as male, pupa and larva, C. franciscoi sp. n.; C. longiantenna sp. n. and C.renata sp. n.; the species C. sisbiota sp. n. as male, female and pupa; C. bodoquena sp. n. as male and pupa and C. boraceiasp. n. and C. vidiapodeme sp. n. as males. Corynoneura trondi sp. n. is described from Chile (male, pupa), C. guanacastesp. n. from Costa Rica (male) and C. zempoala sp. n. from Mexico (male). The knowledge of the distribution ofCorynoneura fortispicula, C. sertaodaquina, C. septadentata and C. unicapsulata all species described by Wiedenbrugand Trivinho-Strixino (2011) as well as Corynoneura ferelobata Sublette et Sasa is extended. A larval morphotype is also included. Keys for males, females, pupae and larvae to known species of the Neotropical Corynoneura are given.
Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus
Authors: NIELSEN JØRGEN G. , SCHWARZHANS WERNER , COHEN DANIEL M.
Published: May 2019

Material of three similar and probably related genera of the viviparous ophidiiform family, Bythitidae, has been studied.The monotypic Hastatobythites is only known from the original two specimens; re-examination of the paratype and infor-mation of the holotype clearly demonstrates the validity of the genus. The revision of Saccogaster (Cohen & Nielsen1972) was based on 15 specimens. Since then 29 additional specimens have been collected representing 11 species, threeof which are here described: S. brayae, horrida and nikoliviae. Three of the 11 Saccogaster species, S. melanomycter, S.normae and S. rhamphidognatha, differ so much from the remaining eight that a new genus, Parasaccogaster, is de-scribed. The main diagnostic characters used for the three genera are: A pair of spines on frontal plate behind eyes, spineson snout, length of gill filaments on anterior arch, number and length of developed gill rakers, size of gill opening, thick-ness of skin, head pores, otolith morphology, color marks on head, neuromasts on head and head morphometrics, fin ray counts.
Lysmata jundalini, a new peppermint shrimp (Decapoda, Caridea, Hippolytidae) from the Western Atlantic
Authors: RHYNE ANDREW L. , CALADO RICARDO , SANTOS ANTONINA DOS
Published: May 2019

A new peppermint shrimp species, Lysmata jundalini sp. nov., is described based on five specimens collected in shallowsubtidal waters on Enrique Reef at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Isla, Magueyes Laboratories. Lysmata jund-alini sp. nov. was identified from fresh material collected at the reef crest and back reef among coral rubble in June 2005and April 2009. The new species is most closely related to the Atlantic Lysmata intermedia and eastern Pacific L. holthu-isi. It can be readily distinguished from all those in the genus Lysmata by its color pattern, the presence of a well developedaccessory branch, the number of free vs. fused segments of the accessory branch, the number of carpal segments of the second pereiopod and well developed pterygostomian tooth.
Cyrtodactylus hikidai sp. nov. (Squamata: Gekkonidae): a new bent toed gecko from Mount Ranai, Bunguran island, Indonesia
Authors: RIYANTO AWAL
Published: May 2019

Cyrtodactylus hikidai sp. nov. is a new gekkonid species described on the basis of 13 specimens collected from MountRanai, Bunguran Island, Indonesia. This large Cyrtodactylus (female SVL up to 102.2 mm, male SVL up to 100.6 mm)differs from all other Sunda Shelf species of Cyrtodactylus by the combination of a reticulated color pattern on the dorsumof the head, body banded, enlarged precloacal scales, six pore-bearing precloacal scales in a deep groove in both malesand females, tubercles on forelimbs, hind limbs and occiput, absence of enlarged femoral scales, and absence of femoral pores.
Papers supported by the All Cypriniformes Species Inventory Project (ACSII) including those presented at the International Conference inChiang Mai, Thailand, 13–16 January 2012 (COVER)
Authors: PAGE LAWRENCE M. , MAYDEN RICHARD L. , PETHIYAGODA ROHAN , ARMBRUSTER JONATHAN W.
Published: May 2019

(COVER)
Barilius signicaudus, a new species of cyprinid fish from Maeklong Basin, western Thailand (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)
Authors: TEJAVEJ ANURATANA
Published: May 2019

Barilius signicaudus, a new species of cyprinid fish from the Khwae Noi and Khwae Yai branches of the Maeklong River,western Thailand, is described. It is characterized by the combination of a large, elongated blotch at the caudal-fin base(blotch is formed by the fusion of the large caudal spot at the fleshy end of the caudal base and the last vertical bar on theflank) that extends about 1/3 of the distance from the caudal-fin origin beyond the last scale on the caudal base to the mar-gin of the caudal fork; an anal-fin origin opposing the 2nd–4th branched dorsal-fin rays; eight scale rows above the lateralline; dark pigment on the dorsal fin concentrated mainly along the margins of the rays; 36 or more precaudal lateral-linescales; and small dentary tubercles. This species has previously been identified as Barilius pulchellus and Barilius orna-tus. Barilius pulchellus has no, or a small caudal spot, a dorsal fin with dark pigments concentrated in the middle of theinterradial regions, and much larger dentary tubercles. Barilius ornatus and similar species have an anal-fin position thatopposes the 5th–7th branched dorsal-fin rays (rarely the 4th), or does not overlap with them at all, and have no, or small caudal spots.
Redescription of Barilius ornatus Sauvage (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) with data from a population from the eastern part of the Isthmus of Kra, Thailand
Authors: TEJAVEJ ANURATANA
Published: May 2019

Barilius ornatus, the first described species of Barilius from Southeast Asia, is redescribed with data from additional spec-imens from the eastern part of the Isthmus of Kra. The species is characterized by having 37–40 scales (rarely 36) alongthe lateral line, 6–7scale rows above the lateral line, 17–20 (rarely 16 or 21) predorsal scales, 12–14 circumpeduncularscales, anal-fin origin opposite from the 6th branched dorsal-fin ray to behind the last branched dorsal-fin ray, head depth17–21% SL, predorsal length not more than 58% SL, dark pigment on dorsal fin concentrated at the edge of the brancheddorsal-fin rays, generally short and thin rostral and maxillary barbels (if present), 1–2 small caudal spots or no caudal spot,and small dentary tubercles. With data from additional specimens B. ornatus can be clearly differentiated from Bariliusbarnoides Vinciguerra and Barilius infrafasciatus Fowler. The status of Barilius caudiocellatus Chu, and Barilius barila Hamilton are also discussed.
Thryssocypris wongrati, a new anchovy-like cyprinid (Cypriniformes) from the Chao Phraya basin, Thailand
Authors: GRUDPAN CHAIWUT , GRUDPAN JARUNGJIT
Published: May 2019

Thryssocypris wongrati, a new species of cyprinid from the Chao Phraya basin, Thailand, is distinguished from all otherspecies of Thryssocypris by having a combination of the origin of the dorsal fin behind the origin of the anal fin, 37–40lateral-line scales, 16 circumpeduncular scales, and a dark spot at the base of the caudal fin. Thryssocypris wongrati oc-cupies the lower part of the Chao Phraya basin where it has been recorded from irrigation canals in Sing-Buri up to the most northern part of the basin in the Nan River in Phitsanulok Province.
Triplophysa pseudostenura, a new nemacheiline loach (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae) from the Yalong River of China
Authors: HE CHUNLIN , ZHANG E , SONG ZHAOBIN
Published: May 2019

A new species of nemacheiline loach, Triplophysa pseudostenura, is described from the Yalong River, a tributary of theupper Yangtze River drainage in China. Previous collectors misidentified the species as T. stenura. Triplophysapseudostenura can be separated from T. stenura and other valid species of Triplophysa by the following combination ofcharacters: body smooth and without scales; head tapering; lips thin and smooth; trunk and caudal peduncle slender,laterally compressed; depth of caudal peduncle tapering posteroventrally approaching caudal fin; posterior chamber of gasbladder reduced or absent; intestine short, forming a zigzag loop posterior to bottom of ‘U’-shaped stomach; insertion of pelvic fins anterior to dorsal-fin origin; caudal fin deeply concave.
Schistura (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) in the Mae Khlong basin in southwestern Thailand with description of a new species
Authors: PAGE LAWRENCE M. , PLONGSESTHEE RUNGTHIP , BEAMISH F. WILLIAM H. , KANGRANG PUNNATUT , RANDALL ZACHARY S. , SINGER RANDAL A. , MARTIN ZACHARY P.
Published: May 2019

Recent fieldwork has revealed the presence of six species of Schistura McClelland 1838 in the Mae Khlong basin in south-western Thailand. These include S. sexcauda (Fowler 1937), S. balteata (Rendahl 1948), S. mahnerti Kottelat 1990, therecently described S. aurantiaca Plongsesthee et al. 2011 and S. tenebrosa Kangrang et al. 2012, and a newly discoveredspecies described herein. Schistura sexcauda previously was the only Schistura species known in the Mae Khlong, andit was mis-identified as S. desmotes (Fowler 1934). Schistura pantherina, n. sp., is easily distinguished from all other species of Schistura by its distinctive color pattern. It appears to be endemic to the Mae Nam Kwai Noi system.
Re-examination of the crab spider species Oxytate minuta Tang, Yin et Peng, 2005 (Araneae: Thomisidae)
Authors: JIN CHI , ZHANG FENG
Published: May 2019

The genus Indoxysticus, established by Benjamin and Jaleel in 2010 with the type species Xysticus minutus (Tikader, 1960), differs from other thomisids by the oval spermathecae with well-defined chambers in the female and by the broad-based embolus in the male (Benjamin & Jaleel 2010). At present, the genus includes only two species, I. minutus (Tikader, 1960) and I. lumbricus Tang & Li, 2010 (Platnick 2012), which are known from India and China, respectively (Tikader 1960; Tang & Li 2010).
Two new species of Syllidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from DIVA-Artabria I project (cruise 2002) to deep areas off NW Spain
Authors: LUCAS YOLANDA , SAN MARTÍN GUILLERMO , PARAPAR JULIO
Published: May 2019

Based on material collected during the DIVA-Artabria I project (2002 cruise) from deep areas (629–1132m) of the shelfand upper slope off the Ártabro gulf (Galicia, NW Spain), two new species of Syllidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) are de-scribed. Eurysyllis mercuryi sp. nov. is characterized by having compound chaetae with elongated blades, provided withlong spines, and Syllis mercedesae sp. nov. is diagnosed by the possession of a unique combination of straight aciculae,protruding from parapodial lobes in posterior-most chaetigers, and moderately long spiniger-like chaetae in midbody pro-vided with indistinct subdistal tooth, appearing almost unidentate. Eurysyllis mercuryi sp. nov. is the fifth species of the genus described worldwide and the second reported species in European waters after E. tuberculata Ehlers, 1864.
A revision of the "Belciana" kala Prout, 1924 species group with description of a new genus and two new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Pantheinae) from East Asia. Revision of Pantheinae, contribution VI
Authors: BEHOUNEK G. , KONONENKO V. S.
Published: May 2019

The new genus Anabelcia gen. n. (Type species Belciana kala Prout, 1924) is separated from the heterogeneous complex called“Belciana” (sensu auctorum) and described here. Four new combinations are introduced by transferring four species to the genus Anabelcia: A. kala (Prout, 1924) (Belciana) comb. n., A. nepalensis (Haruta, 1993) (Belciana) comb. n., stat. rev., A. siitanae (Remm, 1983) (Belciana) comb. n. and A. staudingeri (Leech, 1900) (Polydesma) comb. n. The status of the subspecies Anabelcia kala nepalensis (Haruta, 1993) is is changed, the taxon is upgraded to full species (stat. n.). Two new species, A. thai sp. n. and A. taiwana sp. n. are described. The imagines, male and female genitalia of all species of Anabelcia are illustrated. The checklist of the genus Anabelcia is presented.
A revision of the "Belciana" viridipicta (Hampson, 1902) species group with description of a new genus and two new species from East Asia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Pantheinae). Revision of Pantheinae, Contribution VII
Authors: BEHOUNEK G. , KONONENKO V. S.
Published: May 2019

The new genus Viridistria gen. n. (type-species Ancara viridipicta Hampson, 1902) is separated and described from the heterogeneous complex “Belciana.” Two new species, Viridistria secreta sp. n. and Viridistria hollowayi sp. n. are described from North Vietnam, Sumatra and Borneo. Three new combinations are introduced: Viridistria thoracica (Moore, 1882) comb. n., Viridistria viridipicta (Hampson, 1902), comb. n. and Viridistria striatovirens (Moore, 1883), comb. n.). The adults, male and female genitalia are illustrated. A checklist of the genus Viridistria is presented.
Species diversity of Strigamia Gray, 1843 (Chilopoda: Linotaeniidae): a preliminary synthesis
Authors: BONATO LUCIO , DÁNYI LÁSZLÓ , SOCCI ANTONIO AUGUSTO , MINELLI ALESSANDRO
Published: May 2019

The centipede genus Strigamia Gray (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Linotaeniidae) is revised with regards to morpholog-ical diagnosis, composition in known species, taxonomic nomenclature, major characters differentiating species, and geo-graphical distribution. Published information has been integrated and reinterpreted after direct examination of more thanhalf of the known species. The genus Strigamia is distinguished from similar genera (Agathothus Bollman, AraucaniaChamberlin, Damothus Chamberlin, Zantaenia Chamberlin) mainly by the conspicuous basal denticle of the forcipulartarsungulum, the paired ventral pore areas on the posterior part of trunk segments, and the remarkably swollen ultimatepair of legs in adult males. At least 32 distinct species are known and another 12 are recognized provisionally, whereas 21names are rejected as synonyms. Of all other nominal species that have been referred to Strigamia or its synonyms in thepast, 16 are shown not to actually belong to Strigamia and another 4 remain uncertain as to their generic assignment. Spe-cies of Strigamia differ mainly in the shape of the forcipular tarsungulum and denticle, average number of legs (overallrange from 31 to 83 pairs, possibly to 91), aspect of pleuropretergite and shape of metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearingsegment, and the arrangement of coxal pores. Strigamia as a whole inhabits the most part of the temperate Holarctic, butreaches southwards to the Indochinese region. The following new synonymies are introduced: Leptodampius Chamberlin,1938 = Korynia Chamberlin, 1941 = Strigamia Gray, 1843; Scolioplanes engadinus banaticus Verhoeff, 1935 = S. acum-inata (Leach, 1815); Scolioplanes mediterraneus Verhoeff, 1928 = S. crassipes (C.L. Koch, 1835). The following newcombinations are introduced: Strigamia auxa (Chamberlin, 1954), S. carmela (Chamberlin, 1941), S. texensis (Chamber-lin, 1941), S. tripora (Chamberlin, 1941), all from Korynia; S. exul (Meinert, 1886), S. sacolinensis (Meinert, 1870), S.sibirica (Seliwanoff, 1881), S. sulcata (Seliwanoff, 1881), all from Scolioplanes Bergsøe & Meinert; S. fusata (Attems,1903) from Diplochora Attems; S. lampra (Chamberlin, 1938) from Leptodampius; S. munda (Chamberlin, 1952) fromLinotaenia C.L. Koch; S. svenhedini (Verhoeff, 1933) from Paraplanes Verhoeff; S. urania (Crabill, 1954) from Tomotaenia Cook, 1895.
Review of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Guangdong Province of China
Authors: LI WEIHAI , WANG GUOQUAN , LI WENLIANG , MURÁNYI DÁVID
Published: May 2019

Four species of the genus Neoperla known from Guangdong Province, China are reviewed. Two species are described as new: Neoperla flagellata sp. nov., and N. similiserecta sp. nov., and N. mnong Stark is recorded from the Province for the first time. Illustrations and color photographs are provided for each species, and the new species are compared to similar taxa.
An Overview of Using Weather Radar for Climatological Studies: Successes, Challenges, and Potential
Authors: Saltikoff Elena , Friedrich Katja , Soderholm Joshua , Lengfeld Katharina , Nelson Brian , Becker Andreas , Hollmann Rainer , Urban Bernard , Heistermann Maik , Tassone Caterina
Published: May 2019

Weather radars have been widely used to detect and quantify precipitation and nowcast severe weather for more than 50 years. Operational weather radars generate huge three-dimensional datasets that can accumulate to terabytes per day. So it is essential to review what can be done with existing vast amounts of data, and how we should manage the present datasets for the future climatologists. All weather radars provide the reflectivity factor, and this is the main parameter to be archived. Saving reflectivity as volumetric data in the original spherical coordinates allows for studies of the three-dimensional structure of precipitation, which can be applied to understand a number of processes, for example, analyzing hail or thunderstorm modes. Doppler velocity and polarimetric moments also have numerous applications for climate studies, for example, quality improvement of reflectivity and rain rate retrievals, and for interrogating microphysical and dynamical processes. However, observational data alone are not useful if they are not accompanied by sufficient metadata. Since the lifetime of a radar ranges between 10 and 20 years, instruments are typically replaced or upgraded during climatologically relevant time periods. As a result, present metadata often do not apply to past data. This paper outlines the work of the Radar Task Team set by the Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC) and summarizes results from a recent survey on the existence and availability of long time series. We also provide recommendations for archiving current and future data and examples of climatological studies in which radar data have already been used.
Rethinking the Interpretation of Item Discrimination and Factor Loadings
Authors: Jordan Pascal , Spiess Martin
Published: May 2019

Factor loadings and item discrimination parameters play a key role in scale construction. A multitude of heuristics regarding their interpretation are hardwired into practice—for example, neglecting low loadings and assigning items to exactly one scale. We challenge the common sense interpretation of these parameters by providing counterexamples and general results which altogether cast doubt on our understanding of these parameters. In particular, we highlight the counterintuitive way in which the best prediction of a test taker’s latent ability depends on the factor loadings. As a consequence, we emphasize that practitioners need to shift their focus from interpreting item discrimination parameters by their relative loading to an interpretation which incorporates the structure of the model-based latent ability estimate.
Accidental rivals? EU fiscal rules, NATO, and transatlantic burden-sharing
Authors: Becker Jordan M
Published: May 2019

Both theorists and practitioners continue to show interest in transatlantic burden-sharing. Resource allocation choices – both to and within defense budgets – are grand strategic choices, and membership in alliances and security communities affects how states make those choices. International security and political economy scholarship offers plausible explanations for transatlantic imbalances in military expenditures. However, NATO allies and EU member-states have pledged to one another not just to spend more on defense, but to allocate more defense resources to equipment modernization. Current scholarship does not fully explain the sources of such within-budget choices, which would help anticipate the likelihood of such pledges succeeding. Building on work by security scholars, defense and political economists, and scholars of interorganizational relations, I argue that stringent fiscal rules dampen the kind of defense spending NATO and EU strategists seek. Governments respond to increasingly stringent fiscal rules by reducing overall defense expenditures, while at the same time shifting existing defense resources to personnel, and away from equipment and operational expenditures. I find evidence in support of this argument by using education levels in the states in question as instruments for fiscal rules. This phenomenon represents a significant risk for important transatlantic strategic initiatives, namely NATO’s Wales pledge on defense investment.
Conquering and coercing: Nonviolent anti-regime protests and the pathways to democracy
Authors: Kim Nam Kyu , Kroeger Alex M
Published: May 2019

Recent research finds an association between nonviolent protests and democratic transitions. However, existing scholarship either does not specify the pathways through which nonviolent protests bring about democratization or conduct systematic empirical analyses demonstrating that the specified pathways are operative. This article proposes four pathways through which nonviolent anti-regime protests encourage democratic transitions, emphasizing their ability to directly conquer or indirectly coerce such transitions. Most simply, they can conquer democratic reforms by directly overthrowing authoritarian regimes and installing democracies. They can also coerce democratic reforms through three additional pathways. Nonviolent anti-regime protests can coerce incumbent elites into democratic reforms by threatening the survival of authoritarian regimes. They also increase the likelihood of elite splits, which promote negotiated democratic reforms. Finally, they encourage leadership change within the existing authoritarian regime. Following leadership change, nonviolent movements remain mobilized and are able to coerce democratic concessions from the regime’s new leaders. Our within-regime analyses provide robust empirical support for each pathway. We show that nonviolent anti-regime protests conquer democratic reforms by ousting autocratic regimes and replacing them with democracies. Nonviolent anti-regime protests also coerce elites into democratic reforms by threatening regime and leader survival. These findings highlight the importance of protest goals and tactics and also that nonviolent anti-regime protests have both direct and indirect effects on democratization.
Incarceration, HIV Risk–Related Behaviors, and Partner Characteristics Among Heterosexual Men at Increased Risk of HIV Infection, 20 US Cities
Authors: Wise Akilah , Finlayson Teresa , Sionean Catlainn , Paz-Bailey Gabriela
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

The effect of incarceration on HIV risk–related behaviors among at-risk heterosexual men is understudied. The objective of our study was to examine the association between incarceration and HIV risk–related behaviors among a sample of predominantly non-Hispanic black and Hispanic heterosexual men residing in urban areas in the United States with a high prevalence of AIDS.

Methods:

We analyzed data from the 2013 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system on 5321 at-risk heterosexual men using log-linked Poisson regression models, adjusted for demographic characteristics and clustered on city.

Results:

Of 5321 men, 1417 (26.6%) had recently been incarcerated (in the past 12 months), 2781 (52.3%) had ever been incarcerated but not in the past 12 months, and 1123 (21.1%) had never been incarcerated. Recent incarceration was associated with multiple casual female sexual partners (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.44), condomless sex with multiple female sexual partners (aPR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.66), injection drug use (aPR = 3.75; 95% CI, 2.64-5.32), and having sexual partners who were more likely to have ever injected drugs (aPR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.48-2.28), been incarcerated (aPR = 2.28; 95% CI, 2.01-2.59), or had a concurrent sexual partner (aPR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.11), as compared with never-incarcerated men.

Conclusions:

Incarceration history was associated with HIV risk–related behaviors among heterosexual men from urban areas in the United States. Correctional rehabilitation initiatives are needed to promote strategies that mitigate HIV risk–related behaviors and promote healthy reentry into communities among heterosexual men at high risk for HIV.
From Magisterium to Magisteria: Recent Theologies of the Learning and Teaching Functions of the Church
Authors: Phan Peter C.
Published: May 2019

In the aftermath of Vatican II, questions have been raised about the exercise of magisterium in the church. This study first examines the teaching authority of the episcopal conference, the doctrinal committee of episcopal conference, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and the Synod of Bishops. Next it examines the primary and secondary objects of episcopal magisterium, with special attention to the non-defined dogma and the “definitive doctrine” taught by the ordinary universal magisterium. Lastly it suggests ways forward in the understanding and exercise of the teaching function of the church, especially the priority of learning as the sine qua non condition for effective teaching, the shift from magisterium (in the singular) to magisteria (in the plural), and new modes of teaching appropriate for our digital age.
Development of 7-Item Perceived Meaning of Activity in Housing (PMA-H-7) to Assess Opportunities for Meaningful Activities in the Supported Housing Context for People With Psychiatric Disabilities
Authors: Eklund Mona , Brunt David
Published: May 2019

People with psychiatric disabilities need to be able to express their views about their support, for example, the provision of meaningful activity in supported accommodation. Brief scales may be necessary to avoid strain and discomfort for this group. The aim was to develop a brief version of Perceived Meaning in Activity—Housing (PMA-H) and investigate its factor structure, internal consistency, evidence for convergent and discriminant validity, and any floor or ceiling effects. Two data sets from people with psychiatric disabilities living in congregate supported housing were reanalyzed. Seven-item PMA-H-7 was developed in Sample 1 and then tested for psychometric properties in Samples 1 ( n = 155) and 2 ( N = 35). Questionnaires addressing phenomena supposed to be similar to PMA (satisfaction with accommodation), or dissimilar (health, psychiatric symptoms, level of functioning), were administered. A single factor explained 44% of the variation in PMA-H-7. Internal consistency was α = .74/.75 in the two samples. Correlations of r s = .47/.52 with housing satisfaction indicated convergent validity. Low and insignificant associations were found for the remaining variables, supporting discriminant validity. No floor or ceiling effects were identified. PMA-H-7 showed adequate psychometric samples for use with people with psychiatric disabilities in assessing opportunities for meaningful activity in the supported housing context.
Osteochondrosis in the Distal Femoral Physis of Pigs Starts With Vascular Failure
Authors: Olstad Kristin , Wormstrand Bjørn , Kongsro Jørgen , Grindflek Eli
Published: May 2019

Articular osteochondrosis (OC) arises due to vascular failure and ischemic chondronecrosis. The aim of the study was to describe the histological and computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of changes in the distal femoral physis of pigs, to determine if they represented OC lesions and if the pathogenesis was the same as for articular OC. The material included 19 male Landrace pigs bred for predisposition to OC. One or 2 pigs were euthanized and CT-scanned at 2-week intervals from 82 to 180 days of age. Material from 10 pigs was available for histological validation. The CT scans revealed 31 lesions confirmed in 3 planes and 1 additional macroscopically visible lesion confirmed in 2 CT planes. Twelve of the lesions were histologically validated. All lesions were compatible with OC. Cartilage canal and eosinophilic streak morphological changes corresponded to failure of end arteries coursing from the epiphysis, toward the metaphysis. The location of lesions was compatible with failure at the point of vessel incorporation into bone. Vascular failure was associated with retention of viable hypertrophic chondrocytes and delayed ossification but not cartilage necrosis. Lesion width ranged from 1.1% to 45.6% of the physis. Several lesions were expected to resolve due to small size and evidence of CT-identifiable, reparative ossification. Angular limb deformity was not detected in any pig. The pathogenesis of physeal OC started with vascular failure that was morphologically identical to articular OC. The heritable predisposition may therefore be the same. The association between lesions and limb deformity should be studied further in older pigs in future.
‘May YHWH avenge me on you; but my hand shall not be against you’ (1 Sam. 24:13): Mapping land and resistance in the ‘biographical’ notes of the ‘Book’ of Psalms
Authors: Willgren David
Published: May 2019

The ‘biographical’ notes of the Masoretic ‘Book’ of Psalms are often understood as placing the psalms in dialogue with 1-2 Samuel, and casting David as a pious exemplar. As David prayed psalms in his distress, so can anyone. Indebted to an influential article by Brevard Childs, many scholars also see early traces of midrashic exegesis. However, this is not entirely persuasive, and to inquire into these issues, the article proceeds from the observation that many of the ‘biographical’ notes cluster around similar events. In most of them, David is fleeing from Saul. Following a survey of the ‘biographical’ notes in both the Masoretic text and the Septuagint, it is argued that the often-suggested connections between the psalms and 1-2 Samuel are quite weak, and that a better way to understand the addition of ‘biographical’ notes is found when reading them in light of a resurfacing Saulide–Davidic rivalry in post-exilic times.
The clinical spectrum of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: The Italian Project on Stroke at Young Age (IPSYS)
Authors: Caria Filomena , Zedde Marialuisa , Gamba Massimo , Bersano Anna , Rasura Maurizia , Adami Alessandro , Piantadosi Carlo , Quartuccio Luca , Azzini Cristiano , Melis Maurizio , Luisa Delodovici Maria , Dallocchio Carlo , Gandolfo Carlo , Cerrato Paolo , Motto Cristina , Melis Fabio , Chiti Alberto , Gentile Mauro , Bignamini Valeria , Morotti Andrea , Maria Lotti Enrico , Toriello Antonella , Costa Paolo , Silvestrelli Giorgio , Zini Andrea , De Giuli Valeria , Poli Loris , Paciaroni Maurizio , Lodigiani Corrado , Marcheselli Simona , Sanguigni Sandro , Del Sette Massimo , Monaco Serena , Lochner Piergiorgio , Zanferrari Carla , Anticoli Sabrina , Padovani Alessandro , Pezzini Alessandro ,   on behalf of the Italian Project on Stroke at Young Age (IPSYS) Investigators
Published: May 2019

Introduction

To describe clinical, neuroimaging, and laboratory features of a large cohort of Italian patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.

Methods

In the setting of the multicenter Italian Project on Stroke at Young Age (IPSYS), we retrospectively enrolled patients with a diagnosis of definite reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-3 beta criteria (6.7.3 Headache attributed to reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, imaging-proven). Clinical manifestations, neuroimaging, treatment, and clinical outcomes were evaluated in all patients. Characteristics of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome without typical causes (“idiopathic reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome”) were compared with those of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome related to putative causative factors (“secondary reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome”).

Results

A total of 102 patients (mean age, 47.2 ± 13.9 years; females, 85 [83.3%]) qualified for the analysis. Thunderclap headache at presentation was reported in 69 (67.6%) patients, and it typically recurred in 42 (60.9%). Compared to reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome cases related to putative etiologic conditions (n = 21 [20.6%]), patients with idiopathic reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (n = 81 [79.4%]) were significantly older (49.2 ± 13.9 vs. 39.5 ± 11.4 years), had more frequently typical thunderclap headache (77.8% vs. 28.6%) and less frequently neurological complications (epileptic seizures, 11.1% vs. 38.1%; cerebral infarction, 6.1% vs. 33.3%), as well as concomitant reversible brain edema (25.9% vs. 47.6%).

Conclusions

Clinical manifestations and putative etiologies of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in our series are slightly different from those observed in previous cohorts. This variability might be partly related to the coexistence of precipitating conditions with a putative etiologic role on disease occurrence.
Transforming lives: Combating digital health inequality
Authors: Gann Bob
Published: May 2019

For those who are connected digitally, the digital health revolution is an enormous opportunity for patient empowerment. However, half the world’s population are not online. Those who are least likely to be online are exactly those who experience the greatest burden of ill health. As information about health and illness is increasingly (and often exclusively) available in digital form, we face a new public health challenge – digital health inequality. Libraries are ideally placed to reach these population groups who may be hardest to reach. The IFLA (2017) Statement on Digital Literacy recognises that with libraries’ mission to help all their users access and apply the information they need for personal and community development, digital inclusion is an important part of the practice of librarianship. Successful interventions to improve digital inclusion involve targeting connecting, and transforming lives. This article focuses on initiatives to combat digital exclusion in England and Wales.
Family History in China at a Crossroads: Family Narratives, Personal Memory, and Public History
Authors: Li Na
Published: May 2019

With state control being a consistent pattern for more than 2,000 years, family ( jia) and state ( guo) seem inseparable in China. During the twenty-first century, media technology, freer access to information, and increasing mobility have tilted this delicate balance. At a massive scale and in various forms and genres, family history and genealogy are flourishing. Why has family history had such a mobilizing effect on ordinary people over the last two decades? How does family history contribute to our understanding of historical and societal changes? This article traces the history of family history in China and pinpoints where the traditional family history fails. With a critical survey of the emerging family history practices, it argues for a more practical-oriented approach, with which family history can connect personal narratives, family memories, and public history.
Involving hybrid professionals in top management decision-making: How managerial training can make the difference
Authors: Giacomelli Giorgio , Ferré Francesca , Furlan Manuela , Nuti Sabina
Published: May 2019

Hybrid professionals have a two-fold – professional and managerial – role, which requires appropriate management skills. Investing on managerial training programs aims to empower professionals with managerial skills and competencies. Does this pay back? Assessing the impact of such training programs is still a limited practice. This paper explores whether participation in managerial training programs in healthcare can enhance the involvement of hybrid professionals (namely, clinical directors) in top management decision-making. The mediational effects of knowledge of performance information and its use are explored.

Survey data were collected from more than 3000 clinical directors of 69 public health authorities from five regional healthcare systems in Italy. Relationships between participation in managerial training programs, performance management practices (i.e., knowledge and use of performance information) and the level of clinicians’ involvement by the top management were studied using a three-path mediation analysis with structural equation modelling. Propensity score matching was also performed to mitigate selection bias.

Knowledge and use of performance information positively mediate, both independently and sequentially, the relationship between clinical directors' participation in managerial training programs and the level of their involvement in decision-making.

The results of the study suggest that managerial training can support hybrid professionals in engaging with managerialism and playing upward influence on top management decision-making.
Impact of Environmental (E), Social (S) and Governance (G) Factors on Return Distribution
Authors: Roy Subrata
Published: May 2019

The present study seeks to examine the impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors on return distributions of the sustainable responsible indices (SRI). Here, four SRI indices are considered and then daily monthly return is computed for further analysis. The data period ranges are between December 1998 and March 2016. The study uses dummy variable approaches to examine the various impacts of ESG factors on return distribution depending on various situations. It is observed that ESG factors do not have any significant variation on return distribution except in few cases.
Exploring Disability Inclusion in Organizations through Managerial Lens
Authors: Maini Arti , Heera Sonali
Published: May 2019

This article aims to investigate the factors affecting inclusion of people with disabilities in organizations and the influence of these factors on disability inclusion. A survey, using a pretested structured questionnaire, of managers has been administered to collect the data. The respondents, who have had experience of working with people with disability (PWD), were selected using the convenience sampling method. The total usable responses were 108. Factor analysis is used to identify the factors followed by logistic regression analysis to assess the impact of various factors on disability inclusion. The findings of the study suggest that top management commitment, inclusive culture, supportive workplace and disability-HRM fit are the major factors affecting the inclusion of disabled persons at workplace.
Building an International Partnership to Develop Advanced Practice Nurses in Anesthesia Settings: Using a Theory-Driven Approach
Authors: Hu Jiale , Yang Yan , Fallacaro Michael D. , Wands Brenda , Wright Suzanne , Zhou Yiyan , Ruan Hong
Published: May 2019

The International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists is calling for international collaboration to develop advanced nursing practice in anesthesia settings globally. However, international collaboration is challenging. Limited information is available about what process and factors specifically lead to a successful international collaboration partnership. This article aimed to describe a theoretical and empirical base that can be used to build and maintain long-term international partnerships. The Theoretical Framework of Developing International Partnerships was developed, which comprises seven interrelated concepts including partnerships, collaborations, environment, structure, process for collaborating, outcomes, and sustainability. It was used to guide an equitable horizontal collaboration partnership to develop anesthesia nursing care in local culture and context. Five major challenges were identified during the collaboration process. Sixty-six strategies were developed to facilitate collaboration using the theoretical framework. This work can inform others in establishing an international collaboration and partnership in advancing nursing knowledge and culturally congruent health care delivery.
Inf–sup conditions on convex cones and applications to limit load analysis
Authors: Haslinger Jaroslav , Sysala Stanislav , Repin Sergey
Published: May 2019

The paper is devoted to a family of specific inf–sup conditions generated by tensor-valued functions on convex cones. First, we discuss the validity of such conditions and estimate the value of the respective constant. Then, the results are used to derive estimates of the distance to dual cones, which are required in the analysis of limit loads of perfectly plastic structures. The equivalence between the static and kinematic approaches to limit analysis is proven and computable majorants of the limit load are derived. Particular interest is paid to the Drucker–Prager yield criterion. The last section exposes a collection of numerical examples including basic geotechnical stability problems. The majorants of the limit load are computed and expected failure mechanisms of structures are visualized using local mesh adaptivity.