bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reassortant viruses threatening fish aquaculture
Authors: Valero Yulema , Cuesta Alberto
Published: March 2023

Aquaculture provides more than half of fish destined for human consumption worldwide. In aquaculture, infectious diseases triggered by viruses are amongst the major cause of mortality of farmed fish. The cohabitation of different virus strains in the same geographical area opens the possibility to natural reassortment. Virus reassortment is a characteristic recombination process of segmented viruses in which different viruses merge their genome by the shuffling of complete segments. This is possible when two or more viral strains are cohabitating into a single host, boosting their probability to concatenate their viral cycles, getting to pack segments from distinct parental strains. Cohabitation of different viruses in a geographical area, and therefore the possibility of natural reassortment, has been aided by the increment in the transport of eggs and larvae between facilities around the world. Reassortant viruses have been described to show special tropisms for fish species opposed from those affected by parental virus strains, entailing an emerging threat for aquaculture but also for wild populations. To date, outbreaks of reassortant strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, nodavirus (NNV), infectious salmon anaemia virus and tilapia lake virus have been described. Unfortunately, only the characterization of reassortant NNV has been explored. The aim of this review is compiling the information available concerning reassortant viruses affecting fish species of relevance for aquaculture highlighting their potential impact for the sector. Additionally, recent research advances in host‐NNV interaction are also included.
Value relations sans evaluative grounds
Authors: Garcia Andrés G.
Published: March 2023

I argue that there can be value relations without individual values to support them. The fact that an item is better than another item does not have to be explained by reference to the values of the individual items. Instead, value relations can be grounded directly and exhaustively in descriptive facts about their relata. I show that my suggestion fits well with plausible perspectives on the nature of values and reasons, respectively. One of them is the fitting‐attitudes view, according to which facts about value and value relations are facts about reasons for attitudes. The other is the descriptive view, according to which facts about reasons for attitudes can be grounded directly and exhaustively in descriptive considerations.
Stream restoration produces transitory, not permanent, changes to fish assemblages at compensatory mitigation sites
Authors: Stowe Edward S. , Petersen Kelly N. , Rao Shishir , Walther Eric J. , Freeman Mary C. , Wenger Seth J.
Published: March 2023

There is inconsistent evidence that stream restoration projects lead to recovery of ecosystem attributes, especially stream biota. While some assessments have documented desired changes in fish community metrics in the first years following restoration, longer‐term studies have not always corroborated these findings. In this study, we used data and monitoring reports submitted to federal regulators by stream mitigation consultants to examine whether in‐stream restoration activities led to changes in fish community attributes at 23 compensatory mitigation projects representing 53 sampling sites in Georgia, United States over 7 years of post‐restoration monitoring. Modeling results indicated that abundance and species richness of fishes generally increased in the first years after restoration before decreasing to baseline levels by the seventh year. This pattern was consistent for models considering sensitive fish taxa, as well as at sites across a range of agricultural and forested land cover percentages. However, the effect of restoration on species richness was dampened in larger streams and at more urbanized locations. A community trajectory analysis supported the findings that fish community change was transitory at most sites. Remote estimation of canopy cover change at restoration sites suggested that the hump‐shaped response may be driven by increased light availability during the immediate‐post restoration period, followed by subsequent re‐shading of stream channels by riparian plantings. Our analysis indicates that reach‐level manipulation of streams should not be expected to induce long‐term changes in fish communities, and that publicly available monitoring reports may be leveraged to address questions of stream restoration efficacy.
Yield prediction in spring barley from spectral reflectance and weather data using machine learning
Authors: Petersen Carsten T. , Langgaard Mette Kramer , Petersen Søren D.
Published: March 2023

Accurate preharvest yield estimation is an important issue for agricultural planning purposes and precision farming. Machine learning (ML) based on readily obtained information on the cropping system, typically including spectral reflectance measurements, is an essential approach for achieving practical solutions. We tested in a 9‐year soil compaction experiment the accuracy of ML‐based yield predictions made up to 2 months before harvest from a Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) and recordings of precipitation and reference evapotranspiration. The applied data set comprises 224 combinations of plots and years with measured grain yields in the range of 4.22–9.34 Mg/ha. The best ML model [i.e., with the smallest mean absolute error (MAE)] was selected automatically by the AutoML interface included in the R program package H2O. Its cross‐validated predictions made on June 30 more than 1 month before harvest showed an MAE of 0.38 Mg/ha when trained on all data from all years except the one under consideration. MAE increased to about 0.68 Mg/ha when determined 3 weeks earlier on June 10. MAE values in the range of 0.32–0.42 Mg/ha were obtained for predictions made on June 30 when based on data from at least six consecutive years; however, MAE showed no generally decreasing trend with the number of years. Yield estimations were robust towards a considerable soil variation observed within the experimental area due in part to the experimental treatments. The results show a potential of making yield predictions in barley 1–2 months before harvest, which, however, is not sufficiently early to support decisions on top‐dress N fertilization.
Critical appraisal of knowledge, attitude and practice studies for blood donation in India
Authors: Chaurasia Rahul , Patidar Gopal Kumar , Pandey Hem Chandra , Palanisamy Suganya , Naseer Lubna , Chopra Sapna , Gupta Vidushi
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives

A critical appraisal of the literature helps to assess the strength and weakness of the research and suggests ways to improve future research. Our aim was to critically appraise the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) studies conducted in India for blood donation.

Materials and Methods

Of 70 articles identified in our search on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, 32 were assessed for quality using an appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies (AXIS) and questionnaire items.

Results

Quality assessment revealed that only 6 of 32 studies had acceptable reporting (≥80% score on the AXIS tool). The most frequently identified shortcomings were failure to address the non‐responders, lack of justification for sample size, assessment of outcome variables and demographic results for the survey. Our evaluation of questionnaires revealed that knowledge for need for blood donation, its benefits and site/place for blood donation were assessed by very few studies. With this, issues such as parental/family consent, religious beliefs, and indifference to blood donation process were amongst the common reasons for non‐donation. Many studies also failed to ask questions related to procedural information/instructions, which are necessary for promoting voluntary blood donations.

Conclusion

Most published KAP studies for blood donation in India were not appropriately described, especially the methodology and result section. These deficiencies could have led to suboptimal interpretation of the prevalent issues. Use of an open‐ended and validated KAP questionnaire with a problem‐based approach and inclusion of participants from various socio‐cultural backgrounds is required for good quality of evidence.
Multidirectional corneoconjunctival transposition in the treatment of large keratomalacia in 7 dogs and 5 cats
Authors: Dulaurent Thomas , Rozoy Manon , Steun Laure , Isard Pierre‐François
Published: March 2023

Objective

To describe the use of multidirectional corneoconjunctival transposition (CCT) as a surgical treatment for large keratomalacia.

Method

A prospective study including dogs and cats initially presenting with keratomalacia larger than 6 × 6 mm and affecting more than half of the corneal thickness. Signalment, concurrent eye diseases, ulcer size, bacterial culture and susceptibility testing results, follow‐up, and outcome were recorded. The surgery consisted of harvesting of two or three opposite corneoconjunctival grafts, after removal of the malacic tissue using a square‐edge keratectomy. The medical treatment consisted of administration of topical and systemic antibiotics, topical atropine, and N‐acetylcysteine. Follow‐up examinations were performed at D7, D14, D21, and D28, and then at various time points. The corneal clarity score (CCS) was recorded upon completion of the follow‐up period.

Results

Seven dogs and five cats were included. Brachycephalic dogs were overrepresented, with no breed predisposition in cats. Concurrent eye diseases were corneal pigmentation in three dogs, hypopyon in two dogs, nictitating membrane wound in one dog, and corneal perforation in one cat. The size of the keratomalacia ranged from 6 × 6 to 9.5 × 11.5 mm. The short‐term complications were suture dehiscence (two of 12) and progression of the keratomalacia (one of 12). The long‐term complications were corneal pigmentation (10 of 12), corneal epithelial inclusion cyst (two of 12), and marginal synechiae (one of 12). All animals were sighted at the last follow‐up. The median CCS was G3 (range G2–G4).

Conclusion

Multidirectional CCT is an effective surgical treatment for large keratomalacia in dogs and cats.
Composition of the culturable bacterial community associated with the water column and soft tissues from oysters of the mangrove ecosystem at Honda Swamp, Colombian Caribbean
Authors: López Gutiérrez Lersy , Torres Martha , Zarza Esteban , Henao-Castro Alejandro , Contreras Vega Laura
Published: March 2023

The study of bacterial communities is highly relevant in relation to the knowledge of global biological biodiversity and the biogeochemical cycles of the planet. Microbiological activity is the basis of ecosystems functioning, among these are the mangroves, which offer a wide variety of goods and services to humanity. Nevertheless, they have been severely impacted by anthropogenic activities such as felling, heavy metal pollution, water enrichment, overexploitation of resources, among others. This research aimed to characterize the culturable bacterial community from the water column and the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae muscle tissue in a mangrove ecosystem from the Cartagena Bay, Colombian Caribbean as a baseline for future studies on bioremediation treatments. To accomplish this, four samplings were conducted over the course of a year, including contrasting climatic seasons (e.g., windy and rainy), collecting oyster individuals from mangroves and samples from superficial water. The bacterial community comprised 25 species, from which 9 were exclusive for the oyster tissue, 7 for the water column, and 9 generalists isolated from both types of samples. Enterobacter cloacae was the most frequent species during the year, followed by Escherichia coli and Erwinia sp.There were significant differences in the species composition between the sampling months (ANOSIM, R = 0:492; p=D 0:001), because of the presence of a higher number of exclusive species in December than in the other months. Furthermore, the physicochemical variables that presented a major influence on the bacterial community composition were the wind velocity and the dissolved oxygen. The review of this research findings will allow to detect if any of the identified species could be exploited for bioremediation treatments, and it will contribute to the preservation of marine-coastal water bodies biodiversity.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging using capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers
Authors: Øygard Sigrid Husebø , Ommen Martin Lind , Tomov Borislav Gueorguiev , Diederichsen Søren Elmin , Thomsen Erik Vilain , Stuart Matthias Bo , Larsen Niels Bent , Jensen Jørgen Arendt
Published: March 2023

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have a nonlinear relationship between the applied voltage and the emitted signal, which is detrimental to conventional contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) techniques. Instead, a three-pulse amplitude modulation (AM) sequence has been proposed, which is not adversely affected by the nonlinearly emitted harmonics. In this paper, this is shown theoretically, and the performance of the sequence is verified using a 4.8 MHz linear capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array, and a comparable lead zirconate titanate (PZT) array, across 6–60 V applied alternating current (AC) voltage. CEUS images of the contrast agent SonoVue flowing through a 3D printed hydrogel phantom showed an average enhancement in contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) between B-mode and CEUS images of 49.9 and 37.4 dB for the PZT array and CMUT, respectively. Furthermore, hydrophone recordings of the emitted signals showed that the nonlinear emissions from the CMUT did not significantly degrade the cancellation in the compounded AM signal, leaving an average of 2% of the emitted power between 26 and 60 V of AC. Thus, it is demonstrated that CMUTs are capable of CEUS imaging independent of the applied excitation voltage when using a three-pulse AM sequence.
Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition and Resting Metabolic Rate in Male Professional Flat Jockeys: Preliminary Outcomes and Implications for Future Research Directions
Authors: Wilson George , Langan-Evans Carl , Martin Dan , Kasper Andreas M. , Morton James P. , Close Graeme L.
Published: March 2023

Jockeys are unique given that they make weight daily and, therefore, often resort to fasting and dehydration. Through increasing daily food frequency (during energy deficit), we have reported short-term improvements in jockey’s body composition. While these changes were observed over 6–12 weeks with food provided, it is unclear whether such improvements can be maintained over an extended period during free-living conditions. We, therefore, assessed jockeys over 5 years using dual X-ray absorptiometry, resting metabolic rate, and hydration measurements. Following dietary and exercise advice, jockeys reduced fat mass from baseline of 7.1 ± 1.4 kg to 6.1 ± 0.7 kg and 6.1 ± 0.6 kg (p < .001) at Years 1 and 5, respectively. In addition, fat-free mass was maintained with resting metabolic rate increasing significantly from 1,500 ± 51 kcal/day at baseline to 1,612 ± 95 kcal/day and 1,620 ± 92 kcal/day (p < .001) at Years 1 and 5, respectively. Urine osmolality reduced from 816 ± 236 mOsmol/L at baseline to 564 ± 175 mOsmol/L and 524 ± 156 mOsmol/L (p < .001) at Years 1 and 5, respectively. The percent of jockeys consuming a regular breakfast significantly increased from 48% at baseline to 83% (p = .009) and 87% (p = .003) at Years 1 and 5, alongside regular lunch from 35% to 92% (p < .001) and 96% (p < .001) from baseline to Years 1 and 5, respectively. In conclusion, we report that improved body composition can be maintained in free-living jockeys over a 5-year period when appropriate guidance has been provided.
Offset Loading in a Bilateral Squatting Movement Pattern Influences Ground-Reaction Force and Muscle Activity in the Dominant and Nondominant Limb
Authors: Ottinger Charlie R. , Tufano James J. , Cochrane-Snyman Kristen C. , Gheith Raad H. , McBride Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore whether offset loading in the barbell squat altered ground-reaction force (GRF) and muscle activation in the dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) lower limb compared to traditional squats. Methods: Twelve well-trained men (age 26.4 [3.2] y; 10.3 [1.9] y experience) performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 60% of their previously measured 1-repetition maximum. Sets were quasi-randomized between traditional loading (TDL), dominant-side offset loading (OS-D), and nondominant-side offset loading (OS-ND). All repetitions were performed on a dual force plate with electromyography sensors on the prime mover muscles of the squat. GRF symmetry was assessed using the symmetry index (SI) to determine the direction (D [+] or ND [−]) and magnitude (%) of the asymmetry. Finally, the first 3 and final 3 repetitions of each set were compared for compensatory changes in symmetry. Results: OS-D induced a significant change in limb SI relative to TDL (5.21% vs 1.44%; P = .011); however, no significant difference in limb SI was seen between TDL and OS-ND (−0.66% vs 1.44%; P = .278). No asymmetries between D and ND muscle activation were present in any condition. TDL and OS-D squats exhibited significant improvements in limb SI between the first 3 and final 3 repetitions (P = .035 and .011, respectively); however, no such improvement was seen in OS-ND. Conclusions: OS-D is capable of significantly altering GRF limb SI in a bilateral squat; however, OS-ND appears to exhibit no GRF or electromyography effects relative to TDL. Thus, the results of this study do not support the use of OS-ND in the pursuit of strengthening a weaker limb, suggesting that unilateral training may be a preferred mode of exercise for this desired outcome.
Hip Abductor and External Rotator Strengths Correlate With Hop Symmetry in Men Athletes 2 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Nawasreh Zakariya H. , Yabroudi Mohammad A. , Kassas Mohamed N. , Daradkeh Sharf M. , Bashaireh Khaldoon M.
Published: March 2023

Context: Hip muscle strength and hop performance limb symmetries after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are not well studied. This study aimed to determine the differences in hip abductors’ (ABD) and external rotators’ (ER) muscle strength measures between limbs, and the relationship between hip ABD and ER muscle strengths and hop performance limb symmetry indices (LSIs) 2 years after ACLR. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty (level I/II) men athletes 2 years after unilateral ACLR completed 4 single-legged hop tests and involved hip ABD and ER strength testing (maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]; isokinetic peak torque [PKTQ] at 60°, 180°, and 300°/s; and isotonic peak velocity at 75% of their MVICs). Muscle strength measures were normalized to body mass, and hop performances were reported as LSIs. Paired t test was used to determine strength differences between limbs, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between involved hip muscle strength measures and hop performance LSIs. Results: Hip ER-MVIC (involved: 60.26 [12.01], uninvolved: 63.68 [13.17] N·m/kg) and ER eccentric PKTQ at 60°/s (involved: 32.59 [9.28]; uninvolved: 35.73 [10.50] N·m/kg) were significantly different between limbs (P ≤ .018). Single-hop LSI correlated with hip ER-PKTQ at 180°/s (r = .354) and 300°/s (r = .324, P ≤ .041), while triple-hop LSI correlated with hip ER-MVIC (r = .320), concentric ER-PKTQ at 180°/s (r = .355), eccentric ER-PKTQ at 60°/s (r = .314), and hip ABD-PKTQ at 60°/s (r = .364) and 300°/s (r = .336, P ≤ .049). Conclusions: Men athletes demonstrated symmetrical hop performance and hip muscle strengths, except for ER hip’s MVIC and isokinetic eccentric peak torque at 60°/s 2 years after ACLR. Hop performance LSIs had a few, yet positive moderate relationships with involved hip ABDs and ER strength measures. This may indicate that hip ABD and ER muscle strength measures contribute to athletes’ hop performances 2 years after ACLR. Post-ACLR rehabilitation programs might incorporate hip muscle strengthening training to improve athletes’ functional performances.
An FGF21 fix to get sober
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: March 2023

FGF21-mediated activation of noradrenergic neurons enables recovery from ethanol intoxication in mice.
Biological Evaluation of the Antibacterial Retinoid CD437 in Cutibacterium acnes Infection
Authors: Huang Xiao-wen , Pan Wen , Zhong Mei-zhen , Chhonker Yashpal Singh , Steele Andrew D. , Keohane Colleen E. , Mishra Biswajit , Felix Raj Lucas Lewis Oscar , Murry Daryl J. , Ausubel Frederick M. , Wuest William M. , Li Chang-xing , Mylonakis Eleftherios
Published: March 2023

Acne vulgaris is a complex skin disease involving infection by
Cutibacterium acnes
, inflammation, and hyperkeratinization. We evaluated the activity of the retinoid 6-[3-(adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437) and 16 other retinoid analogs as potential anti-
C. acnes
compounds and found that CD437 displayed the highest antimicrobial activity with an MIC against
C. acnes
(ATCC 6919 and HM-513) of 1 μg/mL.
PSMB4 Degrades the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Nsp1α Protein via the Autolysosome Pathway and Induces the Production of Type I Interferon
Authors: Yi Heyou , Wang Qiumei , Lu Lechen , Ye Ruirui , Xie Ermin , Yu Zhiqing , Sun Yankuo , Chen Yao , Cai Mengkai , Qiu Yingwu , Wu Qianwen , Peng Jie , Wang Heng , Zhang Guihong
Published: March 2023

In the swine industry, PRRSV is a continuous threat, and the current vaccines are not effective enough to block it. This study determined that PSMB4 plays an antiviral role against PRRSV.
Archaeal Kink-Turn Binding Protein Mediates Inhibition of Orthomyxovirus Splicing Biology
Authors: Oishi Kohei , Blanco-Melo Daniel , Kurland Andrew P. , Johnson Jeffrey R. , tenOever Benjamin R.
Published: March 2023

Here, we demonstrate that a family of proteins from archaea specifically inhibit this splicing biology of all tested members of the
Orthomyxoviridae
family. We show that this inhibition extends to influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and isavirus genera, while having no significant impact on the mammalian transcriptome or proteome.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Nitrospina watsonii
347, Isolated from the Black Sea
Authors: Kop Linnea F. M. , Koch Hanna , Spieck Eva , van Alen Theo , Cremers Geert , Daims Holger , Lücker Sebastian
Published: March 2023

Here, we present the complete genome sequence of
Nitrospina watsonii
347, a nitrite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from the Black Sea at a depth of 100 m. The genome has a length of 3,011,914 bp with 2,895 predicted coding sequences. Its predicted metabolism is similar to that of
Nitrospina gracilis
with differences in defense against reactive oxygen species.
Corrected and Republished from: “Understanding Lactobacillus paracasei and Streptococcus oralis Biofilm Interactions through Agent-Based Modeling”
Authors: Archambault Linda , Koshy-Chenthittayil Sherli , Thompson Angela , Dongari-Bagtzoglou Anna , Laubenbacher Reinhard , Mendes Pedro
Published: March 2023

We previously discovered a role of the oral commensal
Streptococcus oralis
as an accessory pathogen.
S. oralis
increases the virulence of
Candida albicans
infections in murine oral candidiasis and epithelial cell models through mechanisms which promote the formation of tissue-damaging biofilms.
Lactobacillus
species have known inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of many microbes, including
Streptococcus
species. Agent-based modeling has great advantages as a means of exploring multifaceted relationships between organisms in complex environments such as biofilms.
Discovery of the Streamlined Haloarchaeon
Halorutilus salinus
, Comprising a New Order Widespread in Hypersaline Environments across the World
Authors: Durán-Viseras Ana , Sánchez-Porro Cristina , Viver Tomeu , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. , Ventosa Antonio
Published: March 2023

The discovery of the new halophilic archaeon,
Halorutilus salinus
, representing a novel order, family, genus, and species within the class
Halobacteria
and phylum
Euryarchaeota
clearly enables insights into the microbial dark matter, expanding the current taxonomical knowledge of this group of archaea. The in-depth comparative genomic analysis performed on this new taxon revealed one of the first known examples of an
Halobacteria
representative coding the archaeal RuBisCO gene and with a streamlined genome, being ecologically successful in nature and explaining its previous non-isolation.
Cross-Talk and Multiple Control of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Jiao Wenli , Ding Weichen , Rollins Jeffrey A. , Liu Jinliang , Zhang Yanhua , Zhang Xianghui , Pan Hongyu
Published: March 2023

TOR is a conserved protein kinase that regulates cell growth and metabolism in response to growth factors and nutrient abundance. Here, we used gene silencing to characterize SsTOR, which is a critical component of TOR signaling pathway.
Amino Acids Drive the Deterministic Assembly Process of Fungal Community and Affect the Flavor Metabolites in
Baijiu
Fermentation
Authors: Wei Junlin , Lu Jun , Nie Yao , Li Changwen , Du Hai , Xu Yan
Published: March 2023

In spontaneous fermented foods production, nutrient fluctuation is a critical factor affecting microbial community assembly and metabolic function. Revealing the microbial community assembly mechanism and how it regulates its metabolic characteristics in response to nutrient variation is helpful to the management of the fermentation process.
Hinokitiol Selectively Enhances the Antibacterial Activity of Tetracyclines against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Le Chun-Yan , Ye Yu-Jian , Xu Jian , Li Lei , Feng Xi-Qing , Chen Ni-Pi , Zhu Bing-Qi , Ding Zhi-Shan , Qian Chao-Dong
Published: March 2023

The disease caused by
S. aureus
is a public health issue due to the continuing emergence of drug-resistant strains, particularly methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA). Tetracyclines, one of the old classes of antimicrobials, have been used for the treatment of infections caused by
S. aureus
.
Amelioration of Colitis by a Gut Bacterial Consortium Producing Anti-Inflammatory Secondary Bile Acids
Authors: Zhou Chunhua , Wang Ying , Li Cun , Xie Zhiyong , Dai Lei
Published: March 2023

Secondary bile acids have been reported to be anti-inflammatory, yet it remains to be studied whether introducing selected bacteria strains to restore bile acid metabolism of the gut microbiome can alleviate intestinal inflammation. To address this gap, we designed a consortium of human gut bacterial strains based on their metabolic capacity to produce secondary bile acids UDCA and LCA, and we evaluated the efficacy of single bacterial strains and the bacterial consortium in treating the murine colitis model.
RdxA Diversity and Mutations Associated with Metronidazole Resistance of
Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Gong Yanan , Zhai Kangle , Sun Lu , He Lihua , Wang Hairui , Guo Yahui , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: March 2023

The increasing resistance to metronidazole impaired the efficacy of
Helicobacter pylori
eradication, and increasing the dose of metronidazole was recommended to overcome low-level resistance. For patients infected with highly resistant strains, the current empirical treatments, which generally used metronidazole in double doses or more, appeared impossibly to overcome the resistance and would only increase the incidence of adverse effects.
Analysis of Morphological Changes in the Nucleus and Vacuoles of Acanthamoeba castellanii following Giant Virus Infection
Authors: Fukaya Sho , Masuda Lisa , Takemura Masaharu
Published: March 2023

In this study, we quantitatively revealed how long the increase in host cell size or the increase in host nucleus size occurs after infection with giant viruses, especially medusavirus. To understand the underlying mechanism, we performed image analysis and determined that the host cell size increased at approximately 6 h postinfection (hpi) and the host nucleus enlarged at approximately 22 hpi, pointing to the importance of biochemical experiments.
P22-Based Nanovaccines against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
Authors: Huerta-Saquero Alejandro , Chapartegui-González Itziar , Bowser Sarah , Khakhum Nittaya , Stockton Jacob L. , Torres Alfredo G.
Published: March 2023

This study describes the initial attempt to use P22 viral-like particles as nanocontainers expressing enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) proteins that are immunogenic and could be used as effective vaccines against EHEC infections.
Lung cancer resection in patients with underlying usual interstitial pneumonia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Patel Akshay Jatin , Walters Gareth I , Watkins Steven , Rogers Vanessa , Fallouh Hazem , Kalkat Maninder , Naidu Babu , Bishay Ehab S
Published: March 2023

Objective

Patients with lung cancer with underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern on CT represent a very high-risk group in terms of postoperative UIP acute exacerbations (AEs) and in-hospital mortality. We sought to investigate the outcomes in these patients.

Methods

We carried out a meta-analysis, searching four international databases from 1 January 1947 to 27 April 2022, for studies in any language reporting on the acute postoperative outcomes of patients with lung cancer undergoing surgical resection with underlying UIP (the primary outcome). Random effects meta-analyses (DerSimonian and Laird) were conducted. We analysed the difference in incidence of postoperative AE as well as the difference in long-term overall survival among subpopulations. These were stratified by the extent of surgical resection, with meta-regression testing (uniivariate and multivariate) according to the stage of disease, operative decision making and country of origin. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022319245).

Results

The overall incidence of AE of UIP postoperatively from 10 studies (2202 patients) was 14.6% (random effects model, 95% CI 9.8 to 20.1, I2=74%). Sublobar resection was significantly associated with a reduced odds of postoperative AE (OR 0.521 (fixed effects model), 95% CI 0.339 to 0.803, p=0.0031, I2=0%). The extent of resection was not significantly associated with overall survival following lung cancer resection in UIP patients (HR for sublobar resection 0.978 (random effects model), 95% CI 0.521 to 1.833, p=0.9351, I2=71%).

Conclusions

With appropriate implementation of perioperative measures such as screening for high-risk cases, appropriate use of steroids, antifibrotics and employing sublobar resection in select cases, the risk of local recurrence versus in-hospital mortality from AEUIP can be balanced and long-term survival can be achieved in a super-selected group of patients. Further investigation in the form of a randomised study is warranted.
A unified critical state parameter model for sand and overconsolidated clay in the framework of subloading surface theory
Authors: Cui Kai , Wang Xiaowen , Yuan Ran , Liu Kaiwen
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a unified critical state parameter model for evaluating sand and overconsolidated clay, which is named as CASM-S. The model is formulated in terms of the modification of the clay and sand model, i.e., CASM, by incorporating the subloading surface theory with an overconsolidation state parameter R. Although the standard CASM proves to be useful in modelling overconsolidated clay and sand, the model (1) requires the rate of overconsolidated ratio to be constant which is in contrast to the observed behaviour of soils and (2) only allows elastic deformation to develop at the overconsolidated state that may underestimate the deformation corresponding to the peak stress or be unable to predict the actual stress path. By introducing a new material parameter u to those material properties of the standard CASM, the rate relationship of stress–strain for the CASM-S model is developed. The standard CASM can be either recovered or approximated as a special case of the overconsolidation state assumed in the CASM-S. The numerical integration of the newly proposed model is performed by the modified forward Euler method. Validation with undrained and drained overconsolidated clay and sand have demonstrated the capability of the CASM-S model to well predict the observed soil behaviours.
Field tests on large-scale instrumented piles driven in chalk: results and interpretation
Authors: Vinck Ken , Liu Tingfa , Mawet Jonathan , Kontoe Stavroula , Jardine Richard J.
Published: March 2023

The design of large open steel piles driven at chalk sites suffers from considerable uncertainty, leading to major difficulties in many significant onshore and offshore projects. This paper describes recent instrumented driving, monotonic testing to failure, and restrike tests conducted on large open steel piles driven in primarily low- to medium-density chalk at a site in North-western France. The experiments are described and interpreted with reference to a high-quality site characterisation, dynamic and static methods of test analysis, and alternative predictive design approaches. Important new conclusions flow regarding driving behaviour, the set-up that took place over up to 65 days after installation and the resistances available under compression and tension loading. Surprisingly large differences are shown between tension and compression shaft capacity, which are postulated to be due to Poisson straining in the steel pile shaft and its interaction with the surrounding chalk mass. The field tests contribute to building a high-quality dataset that allows proposed axial capacity design methods to be tested and potentially refined to provide reliable and representative design tools.
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed the significantly different metabolic profiles of Auricularia cornea growing on weakly acidic and weakly alkaline substrates
Authors: Ye Lei , Zhang Bo , Yang Xuezhen , Li Xiaolin , Tan Wei , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: March 2023

Auricularia cornea is a widely prized basidiomycetous mushroom with culinary and medicine value, which is cultivated artificially on a large scale in China. However, little attention has been paid to the differences in metabolic profiles under different pH growth conditions. In the present study, weakly acidic and weakly alkaline artificial substrates were developed and used for the cultivation of A. cornea, and the metabolic profiles of its fruiting bodies were determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results show that the weakly alkaline substrate environment promoted mycelial growth, increased body surface area, and improved yield and transformation efficiency, but attenuated metabolite accumulation by A. cornea. A total of 412 different metabolites were identified in negative and positive ion mode, of which 99 had significantly different amounts and covered 51 metabolic pathways. Principal component analysis and orthogonal patrial least squares discriminant analysis showed clear separation between two treatments, indicating different metabolic profiles. The different metabolites mainly included seven chemical categories, including amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, phenolic acids, organic acids, lipids, flavonoids and alkaloids. This study revealed the biological significance of these metabolites, which could be useful for further unexplored compounds and possible biological functions of A. cornea.
Recent nucleosynthesis in the solar neighbourhood, detected with live radionuclides
Authors: Korschinek Gunther , Faestermann Thomas
Published: March 2023

In this article we try to summarize all information, gathered in the last three decades, on short-lived (order of Myr) radionuclides found in the Solar System with interstellar origin, most probably due to stellar processes like supernovae. The most important isotope is$$^{60}$$60Fe, but we discuss also information on$$^{26}$$26Al,$$^{244}$$244Pu and$$^{53}$$53Mn. We describe the environment of the Solar System during the past$$\approx 10$$≈10Myr as well as the likely locations where the supernovae occured. Confirming evidence has been found in the composition and energy distribution of galactic cosmic rays. Finally, we discuss the effects that the recent supernova activity might have had on Earth’s climate and biosphere.
Deep Ensemble Classification with Self Improved Optimization for Attack Detection Towards Secured Virtualization in Cloud
Authors: Gupta Bhavana , Mishra Nishchol
Published: March 2023

Due to the extraordinary advances in tech companies and development in cloud computing, it has turned out to be ever more familiar for companies to integrate virtualization in data centers to entirely exploit their hardware sources. Accordingly, virtualization and security have gone under varied changes recently. Virtualization and its exceptional design have numerous advantages and characteristics over conventional non-virtualized technologies. Nevertheless, these novel characters form novel vulnerabilities and probable attacks in virtualized systems. Many recent studies have developed to detect those attacks, but they still have challenges like, need to invest more, if it must be done fast, data security could be at danger and scalability could be difficult. As a result, the primary goal of this study is to detect attack for getting secured virtualization in cloud. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to suggest a new, two-stage, protected virtualization paradigm for the cloud. At first, the “higher-order statistical features, flow-based features, mutual information (MI) based features and improved correlation features” are derived. Deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) 1 and 2 are then used to classify the derived features. To detect network assaults, LSTM 1 and 2 are applied to the outputs from DCNN 1 and 2. Here, the Self Customized Aquila Optimizer is used to adjust the DCNN weights to their optimum level (SC-AO). Additionally, analysis is performed using a range of metrics. Particularly, the proposed HC + SC-AO scheme attained improved accuracy of 0.938108 and 0.958249 for both the datasets respectively.
Spectra of Generalized Cayley Graphs on Finite Abelian Groups
Authors: Zhu Xiaomin , Yang Xu , Chen Jing
Published: March 2023

The spectra of generalized Cayley graphs of finite abelian groups are investigated in this paper. For a generalized Cayley graph [Formula: see text] of a finite group [Formula: see text], the canonical double covering of [Formula: see text] is the direct product [Formula: see text]. In this paper, integral generalized Cayley graphs on finite abelian groups are characterized, using the characterization of the spectra of integral Cayley graphs. As an application, the integral generalized Cayley graphs on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are investigated, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are odd prime numbers.
Complete Solution of Diophantine Pairs Induced by Some Fibonacci Formula
Authors: Park Jinseo
Published: March 2023

A set [Formula: see text] of positive integers is called a Diophantine [Formula: see text]-tuple if [Formula: see text] is a perfect square for all [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the Diophantine triple with [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we find the condition for the reduction of third element [Formula: see text], and using this result, we prove the extendibility of Diophantine pair [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the [Formula: see text]-th Fibonacci number.
ξ -Tilting Objects in Extriangulated Categories
Authors: Mei Yuxia , Wei Jiaqun
Published: March 2023

Extriangulated categories were introduced by Nakaoka and Palu via extracting the similarities between exact categories and triangulated categories. In this article we introduce the notion of [Formula: see text]-tilting objects in an extriangulated category, where [Formula: see text] is a proper class of [Formula: see text]-triangles. Our results extend the relative tilting theory in extriangulated categories.
A Class of Quadratic Matrix Equations over Finite Fields
Authors: Chen Yin , Zhang Xinxin
Published: March 2023

We exhibit an explicit formula for the cardinality of solutions to a class of quadratic matrix equations over finite fields. We prove that the orbits of these solutions under the natural conjugation action of the general linear groups can be separated by classical conjugation invariants defined by characteristic polynomials. We also find a generating set for the vanishing ideal of these orbits.
About this title - 2020–21 Eruption of La Soufrière Volcano, St Vincent
Authors: Robertson R. E. A. , Joseph E. P. , Barclay J. , Sparks R. S. J.
Published: March 2023

Scientific findings from the 2020–21 eruption of La Soufrière Volcano, St Vincent. It presents both geological and volcanological advances and analyses the impacts of the eruption and the challenges presented for the management of the volcanic crisis. The volume represents a significant contribution to the knowledge of the Soufrière eruptive system and its impacts.
Determination of Transport Properties of Electrolyte With or Without Convection
Authors: Delacourt C. , Rabette C.
Published: March 2023

There is a variety of electrochemical methods to determine the transport properties of electrolytes. There are also different underlying hypotheses to derive transport equations that are used in these methods. In this work, we examine how the values of the transport properties determined with some of these methods are affected depending on whether convection is neglected in the Onsager-Stefan-Maxwell transport equations. In particular, we show that the values of the diffusion coefficient and the cation transference number that are determined from analyses of experimental data that ignore convection deviate from those that account for it. We exemplify our point using simulations. This work emphasizes that transport properties from the literature can be used in a mathematical model providing the underlying assumptions of the model are compatible with those used for their determination.
Minimally Invasive Technique in the Management of Tibial Pilon Fractures: New Approach and Promising Results
Authors: Ben Bouzid Yassine , Bassir Rida-Allah , Boufettal Monsef , Mekkaoui Jalal , Kharmaz Mohamed , Lamrani Moulay Omar , Berrada Mohamed Saleh
Published: March 2023

Background. Comminuted tibial pilon fractures are induced by high-energy mechanisms and are often associated with soft tissue injuries. Their surgical approach is problematic due to postoperative complications. Minimally invasive management of these fractures has a considerable advantage in preserving the soft tissue and the fracture hematoma. Materials and Methods. We conducted a retrospective study of a series of 28 cases treated at the Orthopedic and Traumatological Surgery Department of the CHU Ibn Sina in Rabat over a period of 3 years and 9 months, from January 2018 to September 2022. Results. After a mean follow-up of 16 months, 26 cases had good clinical results according to the Biga SOFCOT criteria and 24 cases had good radiological results according to the Ovadia and Beals criteria. No cases of osteoarthritis were observed. No skin complications were reported. Conclusion. This study highlights a new approach that deserves to be considered for this type of fracture as long as no consensus has been given.
A Study on the Instability Mechanisms of Coal Pillars in Shallow Coal Seams Group Mining
Authors: Shang Tielin , Wang Jindong , Liu Yuwei , Suo Yonglu , Wang Zhiyi , Fu Sixin , Zhang Fei
Published: March 2023

To explore the instability mechanisms of coal pillars in the upper coal during coal seam group mining in the Yulin area and hence to achieve safe and green mining of the lower coal seams, the engineering geological condition for no. 3−1, no. 4−2, and no. 5−2 coal seams in the north-second panel area of Hongliulin Coal Mine was investigated in this article. Using the combination of physical simulation, FLAC3D numerical calculation, and theoretical analysis, the instability mechanisms, the characteristics of the fracture structure, and fracture evolution between the coal pillars and the interval rocks were all studied. The results showed that a layout position existed that induced instability and subsidence of the coal pillars of the upper coal seam. The instability mechanism was such that the concentrated stress of the upper and lower coal pillars caused shear plastic damage in the interval rock along the direction of stress-transfer influence angle. The phenomenon of “inclined step beam” fracture structure, falling fracture zone, and severe mine pressure happened during seam group mining. Furthermore, the minimum center offset formula was put forward to study the instability of the upper coal pillars. This study provides a theoretical basis for a reasonable layout on how to position coal pillars for shallow coal seams group mining.
Evolutionary History and Taxonomic Reclassification of the Critically Endangered Daggernose Shark, a Species Endemic to the Western Atlantic
Authors: da Silva Rodrigues-Filho Luis Fernando , da Costa Nogueira Paula , Sodré Davidson , da Silva Leal José Rafael , Nunes Jorge Luiz Silva , Rincon Getulio , Lessa Rosangela Paula Teixeira , Sampaio Iracilda , Vallinoto Marcelo , Ready Jonathan S. , Sales João Bráullio Luna
Published: March 2023

The family Carcharhinidae includes the most typical and recognizable sharks, although its internal classification is the subject of extensive debate. In particular, the type genus, Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816, which is also the most speciose, appears to be paraphyletic in relation to a number of morphologically distinct taxa. Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus (Valenciennes, 1839) (the daggernose shark) is a carcharinid, which is endemic to a limited area of the Western Atlantic between Trinidad and Tobago and the Gulf of Maranhão in northern Brazil, one of the smallest ranges of any New World elasmobranch species. In recent decades, I. oxyrhynchus populations have been decimated by anthropogenic impacts, which has led to the classification of the species as critically endangered by the IUCN. However, there is considerable debate on both the validity of the species (I. oxyrhynchus) and the status of Isogomphodon Gill, 1862 as a distinct entity from the genus Carcharhinus. The present study is based on a molecular assessment of the genetic validity of the I. oxyrhynchus that combines mitochondrial and nuclear markers, which were used to identify the biogeographic events responsible for the emergence and dispersal of the species in northern Brazil. The genetic distance analyses and phylogenetic trees confirmed the paraphyly of the genus Carcharhinus, recovering a clade comprising Carcharhinus+I. oxyrhynchus+Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758). Our results indicate not only that the daggernose shark is actually a member of the genus Carcharhinus, but that it is genetically more closely related to Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839) than it is to the other Carcharhinus species analyzed. Given this, I. oxyrhynchus and P. glauca are therefore reclassified and recognized as Carcharhinus oxyrhynchus and Carcharhinus glaucus. The daggernose shark, Carcharhinus oxyrhynchus, diverged from C. porosus during the Miocene, when significant geomorphological processes occurred on the northern coast of South America, in particular in relation to the configuration of the Amazon River. It is closely associated with the area of the Amazon plume, and its distinctive morphological features represent autapomorphic ecological adaptations to this unique habitat and do not reflect systematic distinction from Carcharhinus.