bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemakaian Kelambu Berinsektisida pada Anak Usia 0-4 Tahun terhadap Kejadian Malaria
Authors: Aisyah Raden Ayu , Susanna Dewi
Published: May 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pemakaian kelambu berinsektisida dengan kejadian malaria pada anak usia 0-4 tahun di wilayah Puskesmas Galang Kecamatan Galang Kota Batam tahun 2013. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang pada 132 responden. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa pada tingkat signifikansi 5% terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jenis kelambu (OR = 4,6), lama pemakaian kelambu (OR = 2,9), cara pencucian kelambu (OR = 3,6), cara menjemur kelambu (OR = 2,8), dan pencelupan ulang kelambu (OR = 3,6) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian malaria. Pendidikan (OR = 2,9), pekerjaan (OR = 2,8), dan lama bermukim (OR = 3,1) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian malaria. Analisis regresi logistik menemukan bahwa odds ratio tertinggi dan terendah berturut- turut adalah jenis kelambu yang tidak berinsektisida, lama bermukim ² 2 tahun dan cara mencuci dengan dikucek, disikat dan direndam. The Use of Insecticide Treated Nets in Children Aged 0-4 Years with Incidence of MalariaThis research aimed to know the relation of the use of ITNs (Insecticide Treated Nets) with incidence of malaria in children aged 0-4 years in Primary Heatlh Care Galang Galang Sub District Batam City 2013. Design research was a cross-sectional in 132 respondents. The research has proves that there were meaningful relationship between types of nets (OR = 4.6), while the use of Insecticide Treated Nets (OR = 2.9), the way in washing nets (OR = 3.6), job (OR = 2.8), and retreated insecticide (OR = 3.6) have a meaningful relationship with incidence of malaria. So are education (OR = 2.9), employment (OR = 2.8), and length of stay (OR = 3.1) had a significant association with the incidence of malaria. Logistic regression analysis found that the odds ratio is the highest and the lowest row is not the type of insecticide-treated bed nets, long settled ² 2 years and by washing with rubbed, brushed and soaked.
Efektivitas Air Perasan Kulit Jeruk Manis sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Nurhaifah Dita , Sukesi Tri Wahyuni
Published: May 2016

Demam berdarah dengue ditularkan nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang dapat dicegah dengan temefos. Penggunaan yang berkelanjutan berdampak pada resistensi nyamuk dan kerusakan lingkungan. Untuk itu perlu larvasida alami dengan menggunakan air perasan kulit jeruk manis. Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan efektivitas air perasan kulit jeruk manis dalam membunuh larva uji dilihat dari nilai LC50 dan LT50 serta perbedaan efektivitasnya dengan temefos. Sampel 25 larva Aedes aegypti setiap gelas media dengan kriteria inklusi instar III yang aktif dan kriteria eksklusi larva instar I, II dan yang telah menjadi pupa/mati. Larva uji diamati selama 24 jam dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental murni. Tempat penelitian di Laboratorium Entomologi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan pada Juni 2014. Larvasida alami dibuat dengan menghaluskan kulit jeruk manis dan disaring sampai diperoleh sarinya. Konsentrasi yang digunakan adalah 0,05%; 0,2%; 0,4%; 0,6%; 0,8%; 1%; 1,2%; dan 1,4%. Penetapan konsentrasi berdasarkan pada uji pendahuluan, kematian larva tertinggi pada konsentrasi 1% dan terendah pada 0%. Pengolahan data dengan analisis regresi linear dan regresi probit. Air perasan kulit jeruk manis efektif sebagai larvasida nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Nilai LC50 adalah 0,731% dan nilai LT50 adalah 13.211 jam. Kelompok perlakuan yang dibandingkan dengan temfos (kontrol positif) menghasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada konsentrasi 0,05% ; 0,2%; 0,4% dan 0,6%.Effectivity of Sweet Orange Peel Juice as a Larvasides of Aedes aegypti MosquitoDengue hemorrhagic fever is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito that can be prevented with temefos. Sustainable use affects on mosquito resistance and environmental damage. Therefore, it needs natural larvasides by using sweet orange peel juice. The study aimed to prove the effectivity of sweet orange peel juice in killing test larvae seen from the LC50 and LT50 value as well as any difference of its effectivity with temefos. Samples were 25 Aedes aegypti larvae in each glass medium active instar III inclusion criterion and instar I, II, and which had become pupa / die exclusion criteria. Tested larvae were observed for 24 hours with three times repetition. The study desaign was true experimental. The place of study was in Entomology Laboratory of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan on June 2014. Natural larvasides was made from sweet orange peel juice. Concentration used was of 0.05%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%, and 1.4%. Determination of concentration based on preliminary test where the highest larva mortality 1% and the lowest at 0%. Processing of data was conducted using linear regression analysis and probit regression. Juice of sweet orange peel was effective as the Aedes aegypti mosquito larvicides. LC50 value was 0,731% and LT50 value was 13.211 hours. Group of treatment compared to temfos (control positive) resulted a significant difference in the concentration of 0.05%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%.
Pengaruh Faktor Personal Berpengaruh Terhadap Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Pada Remaja di Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Rosdarni Rosdarni , Dasuki Djaswadi , Waluyo Sumarni Djoko
Published: May 2016

Perilaku seksual pranikah yang tinggi pada remaja disebabkan oleh faktor personal seperti pengetahuan kesehatan seksual, Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) dan HIV / AIDS, sikap terhadap seksualitas, harga diri dan efikasi diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor personal seperti pengetahuan tentang kesehatan seksual, IMS dan HIV / AIDS, sikap, harga diri dan efikasi diri terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja di Kota Kendari yang diukur melalui kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Desain penelitian adalah studi potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel 200 remaja yang berasal dari empat sekolah negeri di Kota Kendari mulai dari Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2014. Analisis regresi logistik menunjukan bahwa remaja yang memiliki pengetahuan yang rendah tentang kesehatan seksual, IMS dan HIV / AIDS berisiko sebesar 4,28 kali, sikap permisif terhadap seksualitas berisiko 5 kali, harga diri rendah berisiko sebesar 3,3 kali dan efikasi diri rendah sebesar 2,5 kali untuk melakukan perilaku seksual pranikah berisiko. Analisis kualitatif menunjukan variabel sikap sebagai faktor yang memberikan risiko terbesar di dalam berperilaku seksual pranikah yang berisiko pada remaja. Influence of Personal Factor to Premarital Sexual Behavior among TeenagersHigh premarital sexual behavior among teenagers are caused by personal factors, such as health sexual knowledge, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV / AIDS, attitudes towards sexuality, self-esteem and self-efficacy. This study aimed to find out the influence of personal factor to premarital sexual behavior among teenagers in the Kendari City as assessed through questionnaires and in-depth interviews.The study design was cross-sectional study with a sample of 200 adolescents from four public schools in Kendari City from August to October 2015. Logistic regression analysis showed teenagers having lack of knowledge of sexual health, STIs and HIV / AIDS had 4.28 times risk having permissive attitude toward sexuality had 5 times risk, having low self-esteem had 3.3 times risk and having low self-efficacy had 2.5 times to perform premarital sexual behavior. Qualitative analysis showed that attitude variable was the factor giving the biggest risk in risky premarital sexual behavior among teenagers.
Bioindikator Cemaran Timbal pada Rambut Masyarakat sekitar Kilang Minyak
Authors: Sukar Sukar , Suharjo Suharjo
Published: May 2016

Timbal atau Plumbum (Pb) bersifat toksik, karsinogenik, bioakumulator dan biomagnifikasi. Bioakumulasi Timbal dari media lingkungan dapat terjadi pada kuku, hati, dan rambut. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian bioindikator timbal rambut masyarakat di kawasan industri minyak. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2012 di Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau. Rancangan penelitian khusus pencemaran lingkungan 2012 adalah type- 1 health study, yang disarankan US Agency for Toxic Substances and Drugs Registry (ATSDR). Analisis statistik bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat. Populasi penelitian adalah penduduk Kota Dumai yang tinggal di desa Jayamukti, Tanjung Palas, Mekarsari, dan Bukit Timah. Sejumlah 110 ibu rumah tangga diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Kriteria inklusi, responden berusia antara 17 – 55 tahun dan telah tinggal minimal selama lima tahun terakhir. Kriteria ekslusi sedang menderita penyakit kronis. Hasil analisis dari enam parameter media lingkungan menunjukkan ada empat parameter berisiko mencemari, tetapi belum bermakna antara parameter lingkungan dan kejadian timbal rambut dengan nilai p > 0,05. Odds Ratio (OR) terbesar ditunjukkan oleh parameter ikan sebesar 1,5 dan terkecil makanan atau minuman dan tanah 1,13. Proporsi risiko terbesar ditunjukkan oleh parameter ikan sebesar 33,3% dan terkecil parameter makanan atau minuman 10%. Telah terjadi penanggulangan risiko untuk parameter air minum dan air permukaan dengan nilai p < 0,05.Bioindicator of Lead Contamination in Hair of People around Oil RefineryLead or Plumbum (Pb) is toxic, carcinogenic, bioaccumulator and biomagnification. Lead bioaccumulation of environmental media may occur in liver, nails and hair. The study objective was to find out the risk of lead bioindicator occurence in hair of people living in oil industry area. The study was conducted in 2012 in Dumai City, Riau Province. The study design is a type-1 health study, suggested the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Drug Registry (ATSDR). The statistical analysis was bivariate using chi-square test. The population was Dumai City dwellers who lived in the village Jayamukti, Tanjung Palas, Mekarsari and Bukit Timah. A total of 110 housewives were taken by purposive sampling technique. Inclusion, respondents aged between 17 – 55 years old and have lived for five years at minimum. Exclusion criteria was those suffering cronic disease. Analysis results of six parameters of environmental media there were four parameters, had risk of contaminating but not significant between environmental parameters and the lead occurence in hair with p value > 0.05. Tbe biggest odd ratio (OR) was showed by fish parameter worth 1.5 and the smallest was food or beverage and land worth 1.13. The biggest proportion was showed by fish parameter of 33.3 % and the smallest food or beverage 10 %.There has been a reduction of risk for the parameters of drinking water and surface water with p value < 0.05.
Lama Merokok dan Jumlah Konsumsi Rokok terhadap Trombosit pada Laki-laki Perokok Aktif
Authors: Sundari Rini , Widjaya Dinyar Supiadi , Nugraha Aditya
Published: May 2016

Jumlah perokok dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi mengalami peningkatan dari waktu ke waktu. Rokok dapat memengaruhi trombosit yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis lama merokok dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi terhadap jumlah trombosit, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet crit (PCT), dan platelet large cell ratio (PLCR). Penelitian dilakukan di Pabrik Garmen Cimahi pada tahun 2014 yang diikuti oleh 31 laki-laki perokok aktif berusia 19 - 50 (32,97 + 10,28) tahun, 70,9% di antaranya sebagai perokok sedang. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk, dan uji korelasi Spearman’s rho. Peserta telah merokok selama minimal dan maksimal dengan rata-rata (+ SB), yaitu 3 - 25 tahun (10,48 + 6,33) dan konsumsi rokok sebanyak 5 - 25 batang per hari (13,10 + 4,99). Jumlah trombosit 171 - 422 (280,9 + 56,2) x 10^3 sel/mm3, MPV 8,8 - 13,6 (10,14 + 0,93) fL, PDW 8,7 - 13,8 (10,27 + 1,22) fL, PLCR 14,4 - 38,8% (24,91 + 5,46), dan PCT 0,1 - 0,4%(0,28 + 0,06). Sebaran ukuran trombosit ditemukan normal, namun dengan ukuran besar sesuai nilai MPV dan PLCR yang tinggi. PCT normal berkorelasi sangat kuat dengan jumlah trombosit. Jumlah batang rokok yang dikonsumsi berkorelasi lemah dengan lamanya merokok. Lama merokok dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi berkorelasi negatif dengan jumlah trombosit, MPV, PDW maupun PLCR.Smoking Period and Number of Cigarette Consumption with Thrombocyte among Active Male SmokersNumber of smokers and cigarette consumption are increasing from time to time. Cigarettes influence thrombocytes which may cause cardiovascular disorder. This study was a cross sectional study aiming to analyze smoking period and cigarette consumption number toward the number of thrombocytes, MPV, PDW, PCT and PLCR. This study was conducted at Cimahi Garment Factory in 2014 participated by 31 active male smokers in age of 19 - 50 (32,97+10,28) years old in which 70,9% of them were medium smokers. Data analysis was conducted descriptively, using Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Spearman’s rho correlation test. Participants had been smoking for the minimum and maximum 3 - 25 (10.48 + 6.33) years and 5 - 25 (13.10 + 4.99) cigarettes in average per day. The number of thrombocytes was worth 171 - 422 (280,9 + 56,2)x10^3 cells/mm3, MPV 8.8 - 13.6 (10.14 + 0.93) fL, PDW 8.7 - 13.8 (10.27+ 1.22) fL, PLCR 14.4 - 38.8% (24.91 + 5.46) and PCT 0.1 - 0.4% (0.28 + 0.06). PDW was found normal with the giant shape in accordance with the high MPV and PLCR value. PCT was normal correlated strongly with thrombocyte number. The cigarette consumption number had a weak correlation with the smoking period. The smoking period and the cigarette consumption number had a negative correlation with the number of thrombocytes, MPV, PDW and PLCR.
Pencegahan Resurgensi Malaria dengan Deteksi Dini dan Pengobatan Segera di Daerah Reseptif
Authors: Supriyani Teni , Achmadi Umar Fahmi , Susanna Dewi
Published: May 2016

Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu wilayah reseptif malaria di Indonesia, khususnya Kabupaten Tasikmalaya bagian selatan. Tahun 2009, 2011, dan 2012 telah terjadi kejadian luar biasa (KLB) terutama di Kecamatan Cineam. Namun, pada tahun 2013 tidak terjadi KLB serupa. Ekosistem Cineam berupa pegunungan dan perkebunan kondusif untuk penularan malaria. Selain itu, banyak penduduk Cineam yang merupakan pekerja migran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap tidak terjadinya peningkatan kasus (resurgensi) malaria di daerah reseptif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni - Desember 2014, dengan menggunakan sampel seluruh penderita malaria positif di Kecamatan Cineam tahun 2013, yang berjumlah 27 kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua kasus adalah pekerja migran. Secara spasial, ditemukan tempat perkembangbiakan Anopheles tersebar dekat dengan tempat tinggal kasus. Meskipun wilayah Kecamatan Cineam merupakan wilayah kondusif penularan malaria, tidak terjadi penularan horizontal pada tahun 2013. Analisis lebih lanjut mengindikasikan bahwa upaya deteksi dini, pengobatan segera menggunakan protokol standar yang memadai, pemberian obat profilaksis sebelum berangkat, serta penyuluhan intensif kepada masyarakat, dapat menekan timbulnya KLB pada tahun 2013.Prevention of Malaria Resurgence by Early Detection and Prompt Treatment in Receptive AreaWest Java provinceis one of malaria-receptive areas in Indonesia, specifically the south area of Tasikmalaya District. In 2009, 2011 and 2012, there was extraordinary emergence, specifically in Cineam Subdistrict. However, in 2013, there was no any other similar case. Ecosystem of Cineam consisting of montains and plantations was so conducive for malaria transmission. Moreover, there were many Cineam people as migrant workers. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to malaria resurgence in receptive area. This study was descriptive quantitative conducted on June to December 2014 using sample of all positive malaria patients at Cineam Subsdistrict in 2013 worth 27 case. Results showed that all cases were migrant workers. Spatially there was Anopheles-breeding areas spread closed to the case home. Even though Cineam Subsdistrict region is such a conducive area for malaria transmission, but there was none of any horizontal transmission in 2013. Further analysis indicated that early detection and prompt tratment used adequate standard protocol, prophylactic distribution before departing as well as intensive counseling to public might press extraordinary emergence in 2013.
Aportaciones para la evaluación del programa Ecoplata (Uruguay) de Gestión Integrada de Áreas Litorales
Authors: Chica Ruiz Juan Adolfo , Pérez-Cayeiro María Luisa
Published: May 2016

Si bien en las dos últimas décadas son numerosas las experiencias, a diferente escala,
que se han puesto en marcha sobre Gestión Integrada de Áreas Litorales (GIAL) en el
mundo, son muy pocas las que han contado con una evaluación para comprobar el grado de
cumplimiento de las mismas. Es por ello que este trabajo pretende contribuir a la difusión
de una de las experiencias de gestión integrada de áreas litorales más interesantes que en
Iberoamérica se han dado, conocido como Programa Ecoplata (Uruguay). Por otro lado,
también tiene como objetivo realizar una evaluación de la planificación y de la ejecución
del citado programa, es decir, de un proceso de GIAL a largo plazo que no está exento de
retos y oportunidades.
Jardines y patrones de ajardinamiento en las urbanizaciones del litoral de Alicante
Authors: Morote Seguido Álvaro Francisco , Hernández Hernández María
Published: May 2016

El jardín es, junto a las piscinas, los dos elementos del exterior de la vivienda que han adquirido una mayor difusión en los modelos urbanos extensivos. Esta expansión se ha relacionado con la propagación de tipologías urbanas que buscan espacios urbanos menos densos y congestionados que los núcleos urbanos y con la proliferación de tipologías turístico-residenciales en espacios costeros. En el litoral de Alicante, los jardines privados se asocian a las urbanizaciones que se han ido configurando desde la década de 1960 a raíz de la expansión de la actividad turística de sol y playa y al turismo residencial. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer las características principales de los jardines y los patrones de ajardinamiento que van a determinar la elección de un tipo u otro de jardín (atlántico o mediterráneo). El profundizar en el conocimiento de los factores culturales, sociales, económicos o ambientales que explican la elección de una tipología de jardín y de las especies que lo conforman resulta prioritario para determinar posibles repercusiones ambientales, como, por ejemplo, el consumo de agua tanto presentes como futuras.
Problemática de los centros de intermediación de tierras agrarias en espacios periurbanos. discusión a partir del ejemplo vasco
Authors: Alberdi Collantes Juan Cruz
Published: May 2016

Los Centros de Intermediación de Suelo Rural, también denominados Bancos de Suelo,
se crean en España a lo largo de la década de los 80 pero son pocos los que fructifican,
siendo el modelo asturiano el referente casi único durante más de dos décadas. Los últimos
años están surgiendo nuevas iniciativas que, tomando como referencia la estructura legal y
administrativa de Asturias, comienzan su andadura. Responden, sin embargo, a posibilidades
y realidades diferentes, especialmente a la hora de acceder al recurso tierra, y, como consecuencia, los resultados también difieren. En esta investigación analizamos los Centros de
Intermediación que se están creando en el País Vasco y cuyos primeros resultados apuntan
la dificultad de movilizar suelo privado y la necesidad de dotarlos de tierras públicas para
materializar proyectos de desarrollo agrario. Además, el ejemplo muestra el camino para
desarrollar este tipo de iniciativas en áreas rurales próximas a la ciudad.
El censo de la población de España de 1860. Problemas metodológicos. Inicio de la aportación social en los censos
Authors: Gozálvez Pérez Vicente , Martín-Serrano Rodríguez Gabino
Published: May 2016

Entre los países occidentales, España se incorpora con dierto retraso a la confección de
sus primeros censos modernos de población. La Comisión de Estadística general del Reino
–creada en 1856– se muestra muy lejos de la autoindulgencia respecto a los resultados de sus
trabajos geodemográficos iniciales. Para sus dos primeros censos (1857 y 1860) la Comisión
sólo ofrece la población de hecho, no define adecuadamente la valoración de la población
económicamente activa, y, sobre todo, confiesa su insuficiente credibilidad respecto a la
exhaustividad de la población empadronada. La segunda parte del artículo estudia una de las
primeras variables sociales introducidas en los censos, la frecuentación escolar y la alfabetización; en ambos casos son determinantes las acusadas diferencias de género, de habitat y
territoriales.
Laboratory Investigations To Determine the Effect of Connate-Water Composition on Low-Salinity Waterflooding in Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Shehata Ahmed M. , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A.
Published: May 2016

Most previous low-salinity-waterflooding studies focused on injection-brine salinity and composition. The question remains: How do the salinity and composition of the reservoir connate water (CW) affect the low-salinity-waterflooding performance? The main objectives of this work are to evaluate the potential of low-salinity waterflooding (LSW) on the performance of oil-recovery improvement by use of Buff Berea sandstone and Bandera sandstone cores; examine the effect of the salinity of the reservoir CW; investigate the role of the cation composition (Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) of the reservoir CW; and study the effect of temperature and pore-throat distribution on the performance of LSW.

In this research, 11 spontaneous-imbibition (SI) experiments and six coreflood experiments were performed. Two sandstone types (Bandera and Buff Berea) with different mineralogy compositions were used. Furthermore, ζ-potential measurements were conducted for oil/brine interfaces to investigate the interaction between brine and crude oil interfaces. In addition, coreflood experiments were performed to validate the SI results and examine the effect of the CW-salinity variation.

The reservoir-CW composition had a dominant influence on the oil-recovery rate. The changes in the cation composition of reservoir CW (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+) showed a measurable change in the oil-production trend. Reservoir cores saturated with CW containing divalent cations of Ca+2 and Mg+2 showed higher oil recovery than cores saturated with monovalent cations (Na+). The results demonstrate that the SI produced oil ranging from 38 to 69% of original oil in place (OOIP) for high-permeability Buff Berea cores (164–207.7 md), whereas the produced oil of the low-permeability Bandera cores (31.1–39.2 md) ranged from 20 to 51.5% of OOIP at 77 °F and 14.7 psia. In all cases, a measurable ion exchange was observed, whereas there was no significant change in the pH value of the imbibition brine during the experiments. The ion-exchange effect was more pronounced than the pH effect in the low-salinity-waterflooding performance for Buff Berea and Bandera sandstone. The total oil recovery increased from 51.9 to 58.9% OOIP when the divalent-cation (Ca+2 and Mg+2) concentration of the reservoir CW increased from 709 to 12,210 ppm for injected-brine salinity of 500 and 5,000 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, increasing the monovalent-cation (Na+) concentration from 610 to 54,400 ppm resulted in a slight increase in oil recovery (2.3% of OOIP).
Productivity-Index Optimization for Hydraulically Fractured Vertical Wells in a Circular Reservoir: A Comparative Study With Analytical Solutions
Authors: Lu Yunhu , Chen Kang Ping
Published: May 2016

Productivity-index (PI) optimization by means of optimal fracture design for a vertical well in a circular reservoir is a canonical problem in performance optimization for hydraulically fractured wells. Recent availability of the exact analytical solution for the pseudosteady-state (PSS) flow of a vertically fractured well with finite fracture conductivity in an elliptical drainage area provides an opportunity to re-examine this fundamental problem in a more-rigorous manner. This paper first quantitatively estimates the shape-approximation-induced error in the PI when the exact solution for an elliptical drainage area is applied to a circular drainage area. It is shown that the shape-approximation-induced error in the PSS-flow PI is less than 1% for fracture penetration ratios up to 53%, and this error decreases significantly as the fracture conductivity is increased. PI optimization is then performed with the highly accurate analytical solution for this range of the penetration ratios. The results show that the optimal fracture conductivity increases linearly from 1.39 to 1.71 when the proppant number is increased from 0.0001 to 0.6. PI for the steady-state flow and a popular ad hoc PSS-flow PI are compared with the analytical PSS-flow PI. It is found that both the steady-state and the ad hoc PIs deviate significantly from the analytical PSS-flow PI. In particular, the optimal fracture conductivity for the steady-state flow and the ad hoc PIs decreases with the proppant number, opposite to the trend observed for the optimal fracture conductivity for the PSS flow. It is suggested that the ad hoc PI should be abandoned in favor of the more-rigorous analytical PSS-flow solution.
Integration of remote sensing evapotranspiration (ET) model and hydrologic model for mapping daily ET time series at river basin scale
Authors: Yin Jian , Zhan Chesheng , Wang Huixiao , Wang Feiyu
Published: May 2016

Hydrological models and remote sensing evapotranspiration (ET) models usually are used to estimate regional ET. This study aims to integrate the advantages of both the models to simulate the daily ET processes. A compromise between these two methodologies is represented by improving the optimization of the hydrological model on the basis of a new probability optimal ET series, which is produced by a data assimilation scheme combining sparse remote estimates and continuous modeling of regional ETs. The distributed time-variant gain hydrological model (DTVGM) and a two-layer remote sensing ET model are chosen. First, the DTVGM is optimized by maximizing the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of daily streamflow in the Shahe River basin, and simulates the daily hydrological processes of 1999–2007. For improving the accuracy of continuous ET simulation, the DTVGM is further optimized by dual objective functions composed of the assimilated ETs and observed outlet discharge. The results show that the accuracy of the DTVGM-based daily ETs is improved after the dual optimization, and the mean absolute percentage error between the DTVGM-based ETs and the measured ETs in the study area is reduced by 5.84%. The integrated method is proved better, and improves the hydrology modeling accuracy.
Study on Thermal Performance of Composites Prepared Using Poly(L-Lactic Acid) and Melamine
Authors: Cai Yan-Hua , Zhao Li-Sha
Published: May 2016

The goal of this work was to study the non isothermal and isothermal crystallization behavior of Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) with melamine (TP) through differential scanning calorimeter and optical depolarizer. The study of the crystallization behavior of PLLA/TP composites indicated that TP could promote the crystallization of PLLA. The half time of overall crystallization of PLLA with 1.5 wt% TP, compared with the neat PLLA, gave rise to a decrease from 3999.44 s to the minimum value 228 s at 100 °C. In addition, the cooling rate also affected significantly the crystallization behavior of PLLA. The melting behavior of PLLA/TP composites exhibited a complicated and different melting process after cooling crystallization, and the increasing of TP content made melt mass flow rate of PLLA firstly decrease, then increases.
Automatic Identification of the Repolarization Endpoint by Computing the Dominant T-wave on a Reduced Number of Leads
Authors: Giuliani C. , Agostinelli A. , Di Nardo F. , Fioretti S. , Burattini L.
Published: May 2016

Electrocardiographic (ECG) T-wave endpoint (Tend) identification suffers lack of reliability due to the presence of noise and variability among leads. Tend identification can be improved by using global repolarization waveforms obtained by combining several leads. The dominant T-wave (DTW) is a global repolarization waveform that proved to improve Tend identification when computed using the 15 (I to III, aVr, aVl, aVf, V1 to V6, X, Y, Z) leads usually available in clinics, of which only 8 (I, II, V1 to V6) are independent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the 8 independent leads are sufficient to obtain a DTW which allows a reliable Tend identification. To this aim Tend measures automatically identified from 15-dependent-lead DTWs of 46 control healthy subjects (CHS) and 103 acute myocardial infarction patients (AMIP) were compared with those obtained from 8-independent-lead DTWs. Results indicate that Tend distributions have not statistically different median values (CHS: 340 ms vs. 340 ms, respectively; AMIP: 325 ms vs. 320 ms, respectively), besides being strongly correlated (CHS: ρ=0.97, AMIP: 0.88; P<10-27). Thus, measuring Tend from the 15-dependent-lead DTWs is statistically equivalent to measuring Tend from the 8-independent-lead DTWs. In conclusion, for the clinical purpose of automatic Tend identification from DTW, the 8 independent leads can be used without a statistically significant loss of accuracy but with a significant decrement of computational effort. The lead dependence of 7 out of 15 leads does not introduce a significant bias in the Tend determination from 15 dependent lead DTWs.
The Effect of Artificial Aging on The Bond Strength of Heat-activated Acrylic Resin to Surface-treated Nickel-chromium-beryllium Alloy
Authors: Al Jabbari Youssef S. , Zinelis Spiros , Al Taweel Sara M. , Nagy William W.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

The debonding load of heat-activated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin material to a nickel-chromium-beryllium (Ni-Cr-Be) alloy conditioned by three different surface treatments and utilizing two different commercial bonding systems was investigated.

Materials and Methods

Denture resin (Lucitone-199) was bonded to Ni-Cr-Be alloy specimens treated with Metal Primer II, the Rocatec system with opaquer and the Rocatec system without opaquer. Denture base resin specimens bonded to non-treated sandblasted Ni-Cr-Be alloy were used as controls. Twenty samples for each treatment condition (80 specimens) were tested. The 80 specimens were divided into two categories, thermocycled and non-thermocycled, containing four groups of ten specimens each. The non-thermocycled specimens were tested after 48 hours’ storage in room temperature water. The thermocycled specimens were tested after 2,000 cycles in 4°C and 55°C water baths. The debonding load was calculated in Newtons (N), and collected data were subjected by non parametric test Kruskal-Wallis One Way Analysis of Variance on Ranks and Dunn’s post hoc test at the α = 0.05.

Results

The Metal Primer II and Rocatec system without opaquer groups produced significantly higher bond strengths (119.9 and 67.6 N), respectively, than did the sandblasted and Rocatec system with opaquer groups, where the bond strengths were 2.6 N and 0 N, respectively. The Metal Primer II was significantly different from all other groups (P<0.05). The bond strengths of all groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05) after thermocycling.

Conclusions

Although thermocycling had a detrimental effect on the debonding load of all surface treatments tested, the Metal Primer II system provided higher values among all bonding systems tested, before and after thermocycling.
Implementing a pragmatic framework for authentic patient–researcher partnerships in clinical research
Authors: Fagan Maureen B , Morrison Constance RC , Wong Celene , Carnie Martha B , Gabbai-Saldate Paulette
Published: May 2016

In response to the creation of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute in 2010, researchers have begun to incorporate patient and family stakeholders into the research process as equal partners, bringing their unique perspectives and experiences to the table. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of literature around how best to engage patients and families and many barriers to doing so effectively. This paper outlines a pragmatic framework of collaborative engagement and partnership between research investigators and patient and family advisors from existing patient and family advisory councils (PFACs) at an academic medical center. This framework includes the role for each party throughout the clinical research process (launch, hypothesis, specific aims, measures/methods, results, interpretations/recommendation and dissemination).
Structure of turbulent velocity field in the discharge stream from a standard Rushton turbine impeller
Authors: Kysela Bohus , Konfrst Jiří , Chára Zdeněk , Fořt Ivan
Published: May 2016

The radial discharge jet from a standard Rushton turbine was investigated by the Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) method. Several distances from the impeller blades (in the radial direction) were chosen for the measurement of axial profiles: all three velocity components (radial, tangential and axial) were measured at each point of the axial profile. The obtained velocity time records were analysed and averaged results were decomposed into three parts: mean ensembleaverage, random and periodic. The ratio of the derived periodic part of the velocity was evaluated in each measurement point and for all velocity components. The obtained results indicate the regions where the periodic part of the velocity has significant effect and where the contribution of this part is almost negligible. Although the values of the periodic part of all velocity components have a rather similar range, the spatial distributions are different in the investigated region.
Investigation of organic desulfurization additives affecting the calcium sulfate crystals formation
Authors: Lv Lina , Gao Rui , Yang Jianbin , Shen Zhigang , Zhou Yanbo , Lu Jun
Published: May 2016

In the study, the optimal experimental conditions for gypsum crystals formation were 323 K, 300 rpm stirring speed. The major impurities of Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ were found to inhibit calcium sulfate crystals formation. Fe3+ caused the strongest inhibition, followed by Mg2+ and Al3+. The influence of desulfurization additives on the gypsum crystals formation was explored with the properties of moisture content, particle size distribution and crystal morphology. The organic desulfurization additives of adipic acid, citric acid, sodium citrate and benzoic acid were investigated. Citric acid and sodium citrate were found to improve the quality of gypsum. Moisture contents were reduced by more than 50%, gypsum particle sizes were respectively enlarged by 9.1 and 22.8%, induction time extended from 4.3 (blank) to 5.3 and 7.8 min, and crystal morphology trended to be thicker.
The use of organic zeotropic mixture with high temperature glide as a working fluid in medium-temperature vapor power plant
Authors: Borsukiewicz Aleksandra
Published: May 2016

The paper presents the idea of using organic substances as working fluids in vapor power plants, in order to convert the low and medium temperature thermal energy sources into electrical energy. The calculation results of the power plant efficiency for butane-ethane zeotropic mixtures of different mass compositions, for the power plant supplied with hot water having a temperature of 120?C. Based on the results of thermal-flow calculations it was found that the use of zeotropic mixture does not allow to increase the efficiency and output of the power plant (these values appeared as slightly lower ones). However, it was found that, through the selection of a mixture of sufficiently large temperature glide, the heat exchange surface of the condenser can be reduced or a co-generation system can be implemented.
Characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop in a chevron-type plate heat exchanger with Al2O3/water nanofluids
Authors: Unverdi Murat , Islamoglu Yasar
Published: May 2016

In this study, heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics have been experimentally investigated by using Al2O3-water nanofluids in the chevron-type plate heat exchanger. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop for different flow rates of 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, and 300 kg/h and different volume concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% of the nanofluids. The Nusselt number of the nanofluids increased with the increasing volume concentration and flow rate at constant hot water flow rate and constant inlet temperatures. The increase in the Nusselt number is 42.4% when compared to distilled water at the maximum volume concentration and Reynolds number (600 ? Re ? 1900) in the nanofluids-plate heat exchanger. It has been concluded that nanofluids enhanced the heat transfer significantly and pressure drops at the maximum volume concentration and the Reynolds number increased by between 6.4% and 8.4% compared to distilled water.
Experimental study on burning behaviors of liquid fuels with different sooting levels at high altitude
Authors: Liu Jiahao , Li Pan , Chen Mingyi , Chen Xiao , Yuen Richard , Wang Jian
Published: May 2016

To validate the feasibility of classical fire scaling laws under low pressure, three typical liquid fuels with different sooting levels, i. e. ethanol, n-heptane and jet-A, were employed in this paper to perform a sequence of pool fires in a high altitude city, Lhasa, Tibet, China (3650 m, 64.3 kPa). Mass loss, axial temperature profile and radiative heat flux were recorded in each test. From the assessment of experimental data, it can be concluded that the dimensionless burning intensity m?? /D can be correlated against the Grashof number to different powers for all the three fuels, and the exponent increases with the sooting level of fuels. A correlated relationship expressed as ?T ~ [z(P/Q)2/5 ]? can be applied to analyze the axial temperature rises, partitioning flame region, intermittent region and plume region with the modified demarcations, i. e. 0.42 and 1.06. In addition, the averaged flame temperature grows higher with declining sooting level of fuels, while the radiative heat fluxes exhibit the opposite results. Moreover, the measured radiative heat fluxes for different fuels are proportional to 5 m f L T , and the soot volume fraction apparently increases with the sooting level of the fuels under low pressure condition.
Swirl effects on dynamics characteristics of a coaxial jet
Authors: Mergheni Mohamed , Riahi Zouhair , Sautet Jean-Charles , Nasrallah Sassi
Published: May 2016

The reactants are generally injected into the industrial furnaces by jets. An effective method to act on combustion in such systems is to control the way injection jets. The present study concerns the control of an air-flow generated through a coaxial burner. The effects of passive control on a turbulent flow were investigated experimentally. The principal idea consists in adding small obstacles on the outlet side of the burner?s annular jet with an aim of increasing the turbulence intensity in the vicinity close to the edge of injection and of having an act on the central flow. The objective of this study consists to study of a swirling flow in a circular pipe and conceiving of a control system significantly improving the mixture on a non-reactive flow in order to apply it to a reactive situation. The various profiles speed for various values of the air-flow injected into the annular tube will be presented in order to propose the effectiveness of our inspecting device in terms of improvement of the mixture between the two jets as well as the mixture with the ambient air. The particle image velocimetry technique has been used to characterize the dynamic field. Results show that the control by adding small obstacles has a considerable effect on the dynamic behavior.
Pharmacological characterization of Cirsium ligulare Boiss. (Asteraceae) herb decoction
Authors: Dobric Silva , Petrovic Silvana , Kukic-Markovic Jelena , Samardzic Stevan , Milutinovic Violeta
Published: May 2016

Background/Aim. Data on phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of genus Cirsium Mill. (Asteraceae) are scarce. Some data suggest that decoctions or infusions prepared from these plants are used in folk medicine as tonics, particularly in inflammatory, liver and stomach diseases. So far there have been no pharmacological investigations related to Cirsium ligulare (C. ligulare) Boiss. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to estimate antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities of aqueous extracts of C. ligulare herb prepared as 5% and 10% decoctions. Methods. Antioxidative activity was determined using the method of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. Investigations of anti-inflammatory (a model of systemic inflammatory response induced by endotoxin of Escherichia coli and carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model for local inflammatory response), as well as gastroprotective effects (a model of stress-ulcer induced by absolute ethanol), were conducted in adult female Wistar rats that were given the aqueous extracts of C. ligulare herb per os. Indomethacin and ranitidine were used as reference drugs for evaluation of local anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective effects, respectively. Results. The results demonstrated that aqueous extracts of C. ligulare herb produced strong antioxidative activity, diminished body weight loss induced by endotoxin, significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema, and prevented the ulcerogenic action of absolute ethanol. Both anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities of the extract tested were comparable to those of the reference drugs. Conclusion. Presented results justify the traditional use of C. ligulare herb decoctions and further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations are warranted.
ALOX5AP Overexpression in Adipose Tissue Leads to LXA4 Production and Protection Against Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Elias Ivet , Ferré Tura , Vilà Laia , Muñoz Sergio , Casellas Alba , Garcia Miquel , Molas Maria , Agudo Judith , Roca Carles , Ruberte Jesús , Bosch Fatima , Franckhauser Sylvie
Published: May 2016

Eicosanoids, such as leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4), may play a key role during obesity. While LTB4 is involved in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, LXA4 may exert anti-inflammatory effects and alleviate hepatic steatosis. Both lipid mediators derive from the same pathway, in which arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) and its partner, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase–activating protein (ALOX5AP), are involved. ALOX5 and ALOX5AP expression is increased in humans and rodents with obesity and insulin resistance. We found that transgenic mice overexpressing ALOX5AP in adipose tissue had higher LXA4 rather than higher LTB4 levels, were leaner, and showed increased energy expenditure, partly due to browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Upregulation of hepatic LXR and Cyp7a1 led to higher bile acid synthesis, which may have contributed to increased thermogenesis. In addition, transgenic mice were protected against diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Finally, treatment of C57BL/6J mice with LXA4, which showed browning of WAT, strongly suggests that LXA4 is responsible for the transgenic mice phenotype. Thus, our data support that LXA4 may hold great potential for the future development of therapeutic strategies for obesity and related diseases.
Effective Stimulation of Carbonate Reservoirs around the World by Creating Multiple Drainage Holes
Authors: Aboud Ricardo Salomao , Diaz Jose Daniel , Mendez Alfredo , Kalfayan Leonard John , Portman Lance Nigel , Stanley Rick , Curtis James Andrew
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

A new stimulation technique of limestone and dolomite wells has been successfully implemented in several regions around the world (South America, Europe, Middle East, and South East Asia), since 2005.

The technique consists on creating multiple drainage holes across the pay zone. The holes are created by pumping chloridric acid (HCl) through a specially designed jetting bottom assembly, deploying standard coiled tubing and pumping equipment. The purpose of these drainage holes is to improve the connectivity between ther reservoir and the wellbore, and positively impact well production.

This technique is applicable on carbonate wells with relatively thick pay zones, and barefoot completions. One can create as many drainage holes as required, at different depths. The depth selections are based on key indicators. Among the most important are available logs (image, resistivity, caliper, drilling…), and observed lost circulation zones while drilling.

Results of this new stimulation technique on barefoot carbonate wells have been superior in areas where they were compared against conventional acid work (matrix acidizing, plane acid jetting with coiled tubing, and acid fracing).

Several case histories from different regions of the world, stimulation design criteria, operational procedures, and results are included in this paper.

As over 60% of the world's reserves and production come from carbonates, this technique brings a new benchmark in well stimulation of barefoot limestone and dolomite wells.
Bioremediation Techniques for Oil Sludge Treatment at the Arun Field
Authors: Radhi Syahrul , Khanim Novita S. , Syakti Agung Damar , Yani Muhamad
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Slurry sludge that contains hydrocarbons and heavy metals compounds were generated from drilling activities and production processes in the Arun Field in North Aceh. The sludge was categorized as a hazardous and toxic waste, and it required special handling and treatment. As a part of the overall waste management program, the sludge was treated by applying bioremediation technology to reduce the concentration of environmental pollutants to levels considered acceptable by the Indonesian Regulatory Agencies. The pre-treatment sampling result showed that the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of the sludge was in the range of 2–4% and heavy metal compounds such as lead, zinc and mercury were above the government limits.

Three biological methods applied to treat the waste such as water lagoon, slurry and biopile. Cultured indigenous microbial consortions were introduced to remove and transform targeted pollutants. The water lagoon approach reduced oil & grease, pH, COD, H2S, NH3, and total Phenol to below the produced water threshold. Meanwhile slurry and biopile techniques showed a reduction of TPH, BTEX and heavy metal concentrations. Combination of those methods resulted in an effective and efficient way to reduce petroleum waste and petroleum contaminated soil pollutants to unharm to human health and environment. An acute toxicity test (LD50) to Mus Musculus was demonstated that showed a significantly improved sludge quality.

The biotreated soil was spreading in-situ and applying vegetation such sun flower, legume cover crops, Jatropha, and wild plants that grows healthy and fruity well. Series monitoring programs were conducted on quarterly basis, after one year, the average of TPH of bioremediated soil was 2150 ppm versus 10,000 ppm regulation, the water quality of two monitoring wells were also below regulation limit.