bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of artificial intelligence adoption on Chinese manufacturing enterprises’ innovativeness: new insights from a labor structure perspective
Authors: Wu Qinqin , Qalati Sikandar Ali , Tajeddini Kayhan , Wang Haijing
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This research aims to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption on the innovation dynamics of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, with a specific focus on the intricate interplay with the labor structure.

Design/methodology/approach

Leveraging panel data of listed companies from 2010 to 2022, this study employs the two-way fixed effects (TWFE) model to examine the influence of AI adoption on Chinese manufacturing companies' innovativeness. Firm-level AI adoption is measured by constructing a three-dimensional attention, application and absorption index.

Findings

The results indicate that (1) AI adoption has a positive impact on both internal innovation capability and external innovation interaction, (2) AI adoption has dual effects on the education and skill structure of labor in manufacturing enterprises and (3) enterprises with a highly educated and skilled workforce exhibit a stronger influence of AI adoption on innovativeness.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the academic and practical discourse by unveiling the underlying mechanisms of AI affecting innovation and introducing a new measurement of the AI adoption index. The findings emphasize the need for a highly educated and skilled workforce to navigate the complexities of AI-driven innovation, offering valuable theoretical and practical implications for policymakers and enterprises.
Family influence and dynamic capabilities in family firms: the moderating effects of knowledge scope and knowledge newness
Authors: Jiao Hao , Li Wanrong , Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio , Fait Monica
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how family influence affects dynamic capabilities in family firms. This study also aims to analyze whether knowledge scope and knowledge newness serve as moderating factors in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines the dynamic capabilities of family businesses listed in both the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2009 to 2022. This study identifies businesses belonging to family firms based on family influence. In total, the sample covers 2,934 Chinese family firms accounting for 20,324 firm-year observations. Besides, this study identifies family firms by manually searching for annual reports that reveal the kinship of directors and executives, and other financial variables are collected from the China Stock Market Accounting Research Database.

Findings

This study empirically reveals that family influence is negatively associated with dynamic capabilities. Moreover, the effect of family influence on dynamic capabilities is weakened with more knowledge scope and knowledge newness.

Originality/value

The findings contribute to two streams of literature. First, this study extends the theoretical framework of dynamic capabilities from the perspective of socioemotional wealth theory. This study recognizes that family influence is negatively associated with dynamic capabilities. The results offer novel empirical evidence to better understand the dynamic capabilities of family businesses and make it valuable to expand the theoretical framework of dynamic capabilities. Second, this study contributes to the literature in the field of knowledge management. The results provide new findings on the positive moderating role of knowledge management, shedding light on embracing knowledge scope and newness, especially in family businesses with higher level of family engagement.
Conform to local: how local vs global brand positioning increases consumer conformity
Authors: Wu Yi , Wu Jiahui , Cai Yuanyuan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate whether brand positioning strategies influence individuals’ conformity in product choices and identifies the mediator and boundary condition of this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the hypotheses, three experiments were conducted, with data collected using an online platform.

Findings

The results indicate that local (vs global) brand positioning promotes consumers’ tendencies to conform in their product choice. Furthermore, this effect is sequentially driven by their perceived similarity with such positioning and the feeling of social connectedness. The influence of local (vs global) brand positioning on consumer conformity diminishes among consumers with a focus on similarity.

Originality/value

This study expands the consumer conformity literature by identifying a new antecedent of consumer conformity. It also introduces a novel downstream consequence of local (vs global) brand positioning on consumer behavior and provides a broader theoretical basis for understanding the psychological connotations underlying local (vs global) brands.
The impact of knowledge management on team learning: an empirical study in public enterprises
Authors: Ababneh Khaldoun I. , Ababneh Raed
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of knowledge management (KM) practices (knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge transfer and knowledge application) and demographic and occupational factors on team learning (TL) in public enterprises in Jordan.

Design/methodology/approach

A convenient random sample of 389 employees working in 52 various functional teams in the Jordanian public enterprises completed a self-administrated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the data and test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

The results of this study showed that KM practices explained an additional 53% of the variance in TL above the 9% variance explained by the demographic and occupational factors (i.e. gender, work experience, age, education, occupational position, team size and participation in training on KM and TL). Notably, in the absence of the effects of KM dimensions, work experience, age, team size and “participation in training on KM and TL” were significant predictors of TL. However, after including the effects of KM dimensions in the regression analysis, only the participation in training variable, along with the KM dimensions, remained significant predictors of TL.

Practical implications

This study contributes to public enterprise administration by highlighting the importance of KM practices in nurturing a healthy TL climate that can ultimately enhance job performance and organizational success.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the few studies in the Arab world that examines real functional teams to understand the role of KM in enhancing the practice of TL.
Crosslisting and long-run performance: evidence of cross-listed French firms
Authors: Ghnimi Hichem
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The primary aim of this field research study is to fill the void about the long-run performance of the crosslisting event of companies listed on NYSE-Euronext Paris.

Design/methodology/approach

Our sample consisted of an overall sample of 138 listed companies officially listed on the French Stock Exchange over the period 1994–2019 using three empirical methods, including the Time Abnormal Return (CTAR) calendar, the three-factor model of Fama and French (1993), and the method of Fama and Macbeth (1973).

Findings

We find significant long-term underperformance. Over the long term, the returns of cross-listed companies are lower than the returns of control companies. Also, we find that cross-listed companies' performance deteriorates over the long term.

Research limitations/implications

This study can help investors and financial analysts make informed decisions about the timing and effectiveness of investment strategies. In addition, it contributes to academic research to assess the efficiency of capital markets and provide evidence on the effectiveness of market regulations.

Originality/value

This study differs from previous studies in terms of applying a variety of different statistical methods to test the existence of abnormal long-term performance after the crosslisting announcement and the first study that analyses the long-term performance of cross-listed firms in the French context.
The effect of COVID‐19 pandemic on personal hygiene behavior and the frequency of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Simsek Ezgi , Atas Dilek Barutcu , Tugcu Murat , Velioglu Arzu , Arikan Izzet Hakki , Asicioglu Ebru
Published: January 2025

Introduction and Aim

Peritonitis is a critical complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, making compliance with personal hygiene essential. This study examines the impact of the COVID‐19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic on hygiene behaviors and peritonitis incidence in PD patients.

Materials and Methods

Fifty‐two PD patients were assessed for hygiene behaviors, demographic, and medical data. Laboratory parameters and peritonitis culture results were compared before and after COVID‐19.

Results

Post‐COVID‐19, significant improvements were observed in 11 hygiene behaviors, including hand washing (p < 0.001). The peritonitis rate decreased from 28.8.% to 13.5%, though this was not statistically significant (p = 0.093). Among those without post‐COVID peritonitis, hand washing before connecting the transfer set and regular exit site dressing were more frequent.

Conclusion

Following COVID‐19, PD patients demonstrated improved hygiene behaviors and reduced peritonitis rates. Emphasis on hand washing and exit site care is recommended in all PD programs.
Is Weight Loss the Main Driver for A1C Improvement by Glucagon‐Like Peptide 1 (GLP‐1) Receptor Agonists? A 2.5‐Year Analysis in Real‐World Clinical Practice
Authors: Al‐Badri Marwa , Dhaver Shilton , Hamdy Osama
Published: January 2025

Background

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are established treatment options for type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition to their glycemic benefit, GLP‐1 RAs also induce weight loss by suppressing appetite via hypothalamic pathways. However, it remains unclear whether weight reduction is the primary driver of glycemic improvement.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 256 patients with T2D who were treated with exenatide (n = 84), dulaglutide (n = 99), or semaglutide (n = 73) for 2.5 years without interruption in real‐world clinical practice. Body weight and A1C were measured every 6 months. Baseline characteristics included an average age of 61.8 ± 11.9 years, 51.5% female, diabetes duration of 12.9 ± 8.3 years, weight of 103.1 ± 20.7 kg, BMI of 35.7 ± 7.5 kg/m2, and A1C of 8.2% ± 1.5%. Patients were stratified into tertiles based on percentage weight change at 2.5 years within the overall cohort and for each GLP‐1 RA group.

Results

The first tertile experienced an average weight loss of −12.2% ± 5.7% (p < 0.0001), the second tertile lost −3.5% ± 1.4% (p < 0.0001), and the third tertile gained +2.8% ± 3.4% (p < 0.0001). The average changes in A1C were − 0.98 ± 1.8% (p < 0.0001), −0.56% ± 1.4% (p < 0.001), and −0.19% ± 1.9% (p = 0.4), respectively. A1C strongly correlated with weight change (p < 0.001). The same observations were reproducible in each medication group.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the long‐term improvement in glycemic control associated with GLP‐1 RA therapy is primarily driven by weight loss rather than any other intrinsic effect of GLP‐1 RA. This highlights the importance of weight reduction as a key therapeutic target for optimizing glycemic outcomes in patients with T2D receiving GLP‐1 RAs.

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Improving benign paroxysmal positional vertigo management in the emergency department: A longitudinal study post–GRACE‐3
Authors: Gerlier Camille , Mehenni Linda , Chatellier Gilles , Cachanado Marine , Ganansia Olivier
Published: January 2025

Background

Vertigo is a priority for training and decision support in emergency departments (ED). Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), though manageable at bedside, remains frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. This study assessed the effectiveness of a two‐tiered educational intervention on posterior and horizontal BPPV management in the ED setting.

Methods

Longitudinal program evaluation study conducted over a year in a French ED, following GRACE‐3 guidelines, involving patients with triggered episodic vestibular syndrome or brief vertigo without nystagmus. Two 6‐month periods were compared: before (control cohort) and after (intervention cohort) an educational intervention of standardized training and an online decision support tool. The primary outcome was the prevalence of evidence‐based BPPV diagnoses.

Results

Of the 382 patients included, 166 were in the control cohort (43.5%) and 216 were in the intervention cohort (56.5%). The intervention cohort had a higher rate of evidence‐based BPPV diagnoses compared to the control cohort (38.0% vs. 16.9%), with an effect size of 21.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.5–29.6, p < 0.0001). Canalith repositioning maneuvers were performed more frequently in the intervention cohort (90.2% vs. 57.7%), with an effect size of 33.1 (95% CI 13.2–53.1). Posttreatment tests showed a nonsignificant difference of 79.5% of intervention cohort patients testing negative versus 75.0% in the control cohort. ED length of stay was shorter in the intervention cohort (137 min vs. 247 min), with an effect size of −109.5 (95% CI −154.0 to −65.0). ED revisits within 1 month were similar (2.3% vs. 1.2%). During the intervention period, clinicians' satisfaction was correlated with the effectiveness of their clinical management.

Conclusions

A standardized educational intervention demonstrated enhancing BPPV screening and improved evidence‐based diagnosis, showing promise of more efficient treatment in the ED. Further multicenter studies are warranted to evaluate impacts on patient‐reported outcomes and resource optimization.
Regulatory B‐Cells Are Associated Negatively With Regulatory T‐Cells and Positively With Cytokines in Peripheral Blood of Pregnant Women
Authors: Wiley Kyle S. , Martínez Laura E. , Kwon Daylon , Knorr Delaney A. , Epeldegui Marta , Fox Molly M.
Published: January 2025

Problem

Regulatory B‐cells (Bregs, CD19+CD24hiCD38hi) are a specialized B‐cell subset that suppresses immune responses and potentially contribute to the maintenance of an immune‐privileged environment for fetal development during pregnancy. However, little is known about the surrounding immunological environment of Bregs in gestational physiology. The relationship of regulatory T‐cells (Tregs, CD4+CD25hiCD127loFoxP3+) to Bregs in coordinating immunoregulation during pregnancy is unknown. We aimed to determine whether peripheral concentrations of Bregs and/or PD‐L1‐expressing Bregs correlated with Tregs and cytokines during pregnancy.

Method

Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 29 pregnant women at mean 12 weeks’ gestation. Participants were age ≥ 18, self‐identified as Latina/Hispanic, and N = 12 primigravid. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, stained, and analyzed by flow cytometry to determine percentages of Tregs from CD4+ T‐cells and five Treg subsets defined by immune checkpoint markers, and Bregs and PD‐L1+ Bregs from total B‐cells. Levels of 13 cytokines were measured on a Meso Scale Discovery multiplex platform.

Results

Bregs positively correlated with pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐6. PD‐L1+ Bregs positively correlated with T‐cell suppressive cytokine IL‐10. PD‐L1+ Bregs negatively correlated with Tregs and Helios+, CTLA‐4+, PD‐1+, TIGIT+, and TIM3+ Tregs. For primigravida, PD‐L1+ Bregs correlated positively with IL‐10 and negatively with Helios+ and TIGIT+ Tregs. For multigravida, PD‐L1+ Bregs correlated positively with IL‐8 and negatively with Helios+, CTLA‐4+, PD‐1+, and TIGIT+ Tregs.

Conclusions

This study provides insight into the immunosuppressive role of Bregs and PD‐L1+ Bregs during human pregnancy. Our results suggest that PD‐L1+ Bregs can employ suppressive mechanisms to limit pro‐inflammatory responses in primigravida.
Incidence of 12‐month postoperative cognitive decline following regional vs. general anaesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: follow‐up of the RAGA trial
Authors: Li Ting , Li Jun , Jiang Chenchen , Yuan Liyong , Wu Jinze , Mazaheri Ali , Wang Mingcang , Jin Shengwei , Myles Paul S. , Yao Yinguang , Wu Jimin , Chen Junping , Smith Fang G. ,   for the RAGA study investigators
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Data regarding the incidence of 12‐month postoperative cognitive decline following regional or general anaesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery remain observational. Compared with general anaesthesia, we hypothesised that regional anaesthesia would decrease the incidence of 12‐month postoperative cognitive decline.

Methods

This is substudy of a multicentre randomised trial of regional anaesthesia with no sedation vs. general anaesthesia with 12‐month follow‐up, conducted in nine university hospitals in south‐eastern China. Patients aged ≥ 65 y with hip fractures requiring surgery were eligible for inclusion. The prespecified 1‐year primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative cognitive decline at 12 months post‐randomisation. Secondary outcomes included major or mild postoperative cognitive decline; changes in Mini‐Mental State Examination; newly developed dementia; affective status; and health‐related quality of life.

Results

We recruited 950 patients between October 2014 and September 2018 (n = 474 general and n = 476 regional), with the last participant interviewed in November 2019. A total of 293 patients (139 general vs. 154 regional) were included in the primary analysis of the 12‐month outcome. Median (IQR [range]) age of patients was 78 (71–82 [65–96]) y and 217 (74.1%) were female. The incidence of cognitive decline at 12 months was 29.7% vs. 25.4% of patients allocated to general vs. regional anaesthesia, respectively (unadjusted OR 1.2 (95%CI 0.7–2.1), p = 0.43, Bayes factor = 0.28). Major cognitive decline developed in 8.6% vs. 8.5% of patients allocated to general vs. regional anaesthesia, respectively (unadjusted OR 1.0 (95%CI 0.4–2.4)).

Discussion

The incidence of 12‐month postoperative cognitive decline was not significantly different in patients having general or regional anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery.
The meaning of being numerous
Authors: O'Connor Brendan H.
Published: January 2025

In this essay, I describe my experience of looking to anthropological and other social scientific scholarship to try to come to terms with the changes of identity and worldview that often accompany early sobriety. I argue for an “anthropological humility” that acknowledges the limitations of cultural analysis in representing and interpreting life changes, like addiction recovery, with existential dimensions. I reflect on the figure of Sir Lancelot in Robert Creeley's poem “Bresson's Movies” and his predecessor George Oppen's phrase “the meaning of being numerous” to express what Gregory Bateson (1971) called a shift from symmetrical to complementary ways of being in addiction recovery.
Effects of an intervention targeting social media app use on well‐being outcomes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brockmeier Lina Christin , Mertens Lea , Roitzheim Christina , Radtke Theda , Dingler Tilman , Keller Jan
Published: January 2025

Background

Interventions targeting social media use show mixed results in improving well‐being outcomes, particularly for persons with problematic forms of smartphone use. This study assesses the effectiveness of an intervention app in enhancing well‐being outcomes and the moderating role of persons' perceptions about problematic smartphone use (PSU).

Methods

In a randomized controlled trial, N = 70 participants, allocated to the intervention (n = 35) or control condition (n = 35), completed weekly online surveys at baseline, post‐intervention, and follow‐up. Participants from the intervention condition received personalized full‐screen nudges to reduce their social media app use. This secondary analysis focuses on the repeatedly assessed outcomes well‐being, positive affect, negative affect, and perceived stress. Linear mixed models were computed.

Results

No significant time x group effects were found, but intervention condition participants reported higher well‐being and lower negative affect and stress levels at follow‐up. Only one significant moderation was found, indicating that participants reporting higher PSU levels benefited more from the intervention in reducing stress.

Conclusions

The intervention was partly effective and particularly beneficial in reducing stress among smartphone users with higher PSU, highlighting the need to tailor interventions. Present findings need to be replicated by future research using a larger sample size.
Vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (vNOTES) Hysterectomy with Two Previous Renal Transplantations: The First Case in the Literature Two Renal Transplants
Authors: Güler Burak , Erdoğan Cem , Demir Ömer , Comba Cihan
Published: January 2025

This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing a Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (vNOTES) hysterectomy on a patient with a complex surgical history, including two renal transplants. The case involves a 42‐year‐old female presenting with persistent menorrhagia and hypermenorrhea, unresponsive to standard treatments, and diagnosed with adenomyosis and CIN3. A detailed, step‐by‐step procedure of the vNOTES technique is provided, marking the first video article to document vNOTES hysterectomy in such a medical context. The findings highlight vNOTES as a viable approach for treating refractory uterine bleeding and adenomyosis in patients with prior transplants, offering insights for young surgeons considering this minimally invasive technique in complex cases.
Seeing the Savanna Through the Trees: Vegetation Structure, Composition and Function Along a Forest‐Savanna Boundary in Cambodia
Authors: Schwartz Naomi , Powers Jennifer S. , Werden Leland K. , Hansen Winslow D. , Chhengngunn Aing , Phem Luch , Fajeau Mia , Phourin Chhang , Kimsrim Seab , Heng Sokh
Published: January 2025

In the seasonally dry landscapes of continental Southeast Asia, deciduous dipterocarp vegetation (DDF) and semi‐evergreen forests (SEF) form patchy landscape mosaics, with abrupt boundaries between them. DDF resembles savanna, with an open canopy and a continuous grassy ground layer, while SEF lacks grass and has high tree cover and a closed canopy. Alternative hypotheses suggest that these distinct vegetation types are alternative stable states maintained by fire‐vegetation feedbacks, that differences in edaphic conditions across landscapes explain their distributions, and/or that DDF are degraded or early successional forests whose distribution is determined by legacies of anthropogenic disturbance. Here, we compare structure, composition, and functional traits of woody vegetation across DDF‐SEF boundaries, and ask whether differences across vegetation types are associated with edaphic factors or fire history. We found major differences in vegetation structure and species composition across DDF and SEF, with few shared species across vegetation types. Dominant DDF tree species were not found in SEF, suggesting that DDF represents a distinct vegetation community, rather than early successional or degraded forest. Compared to SEF species, DDF species had lower specific leaf area and higher bark thickness, a key trait associated with fire tolerance. Soil texture and fertility did not differ across vegetation types. Together, these findings suggest that fire, not edaphic factors, likely is the key driver of vegetation at DDF‐SEF boundaries. Our results further support classifying and managing DDF as savanna. Conserving the unique biodiversity of DDF‐SEF mosaic landscapes will require research to support evidence‐based fire management.
Global Conservation Prioritisation Approach Provides Credible Results at a Regional Scale
Authors: Roswell Michael , Espíndola Anahí
Published: January 2025

Aim

Conservationists and managers must direct resources and enact measures to protect species, despite uncertainty about their present status. One approach to covering the data gap is borrowing information from data‐rich species or populations to guide decisions about data‐poor ones via machine learning. Recent efforts demonstrated proof‐of‐concept at the global scale, leaving unclear whether similar approaches are feasible at the local and regional scales at which conservation actions most typically occur. To address this gap, we tested a global‐scale predictive approach at a regional scale, using two groups of taxa.

Location

State of Maryland, USA.

Taxa

Vascular land plants and lepidopterans.

Methods

Using publicly available occurrence and biogeographic data, we trained random forest classifiers to predict the state‐level conservation status of species in each of the two focal taxa. We assessed model performance with cross‐validation, and explored trends in the predictions.

Results

Our models had strong discriminatory ability, accurately predicting status for species with existing status assessments. They predict that the northwestern part of Maryland, USA, which overlaps the Appalachian Mountains, harbours a higher concentration of unassessed, but likely threatened plants and lepidopterans. Our predictions track known biogeographic patterns, and unassessed species predicted as most likely threatened in Maryland were often recognised as also needing conservation in nearby jurisdictions, providing external validation to our results.

Main Conclusions

We demonstrate that a modelling approach developed for global analysis can be downscaled and credible when applied at a regional scale that is smaller than typical species ranges. We identified select unassessed plant and lepidopteran species, and the western, montane region of Maryland as priority targets for additional monitoring, assessment and conservation. By rapidly aggregating disparate data and integrating information across taxa, models like those we used can complement traditional assessment tools and assist in prioritisation for formal assessments, as well as protection.
The effects of a disability employment quota when compliance is cheaper than defiance
Authors: Krekó Judit , Telegdy Álmos
Published: January 2025

This paper evaluates the effects of the Hungarian disability employment quota, which requires firms over a size threshold to employ individuals with disabilities or pay a non‐compliance tax. In 2010, the tax was raised from very low levels to 170% of the minimum wage cost associated with meeting the quota. We employ a regression discontinuity design on firm‐level data to estimate the effects of the policy and provide a lower‐bound estimate to account for the potential bias resulting from firms bunching below the threshold. Firms respond to the quota by hiring 0.24–0.29 additional workers with disabilities, with a lower bound estimate of 0.12–0.17. However, about two‐thirds of the quota is not fulfilled, which is puzzling as the tax is higher than the minimum wage cost of a worker with disabilities. Our model shows that high hiring costs associated with employing individuals with disabilities might be an important factor behind this anomaly. We test this hypothesis by showing that the effect is weaker in regions with a low share of individuals with disabilities, implying that without adequate policies targeting the removal of supply‐side barriers to the employment of people with disabilities, even strong demand‐side financial incentives cannot achieve their goals.
Trauma‐Induced Stress Distribution in Primary Incisors Restored With Preformed Zirconia Crowns: 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Goyal Ajay , Reshikesh Manjari , Atif Mohammad , Tewari Nitesh , Duggal Isha , Chawla Anoop , Bansal Kalpana , Rahul Morankar , Mathur Vijay , Duggal Ritu
Published: January 2025

Background/Aims

Preformed zirconia crowns have emerged as the preferred choice for restoring damaged primary incisors. However, they differ from natural teeth in their biophysical properties and can potentially alter the overall response of crowned teeth to a traumatic load. This in silico study aimed to compare the response of three different traumatic loading conditions for the (i) natural (M1) and (ii) zirconia‐restored tooth models (M2) models.

Methodology

A 3D dynamic finite element (FE) analysis was performed, and minimum dynamic loads required for fracture and coronal portion disjunction of both tooth models were applied in frontal, oblique, and incisal directions. Stress concentrations, von Mises stresses, fracture patterns, and displacements were compared at different periods of the loading pulse.

Results

The computed minimum threshold loads resulting in fracture of the natural tooth model were 82 N, 166 N, and 171 N for the frontal, oblique, and incisal impacts, respectively. Fracture of the coronal portion started at 1.8 and 1.68 ms in natural tooth and zirconia‐restored tooth models, respectively. Complete disjunction of coronal and radicular portions occurred earlier in the zirconia‐restored tooth model (2.46 ms) than in the natural tooth model (4.5 ms) for frontal impact. The maximum von Mises stresses causing fracture ranged from 254 to 314 MPa for both models, following assigned element erosion criteria. The zirconia‐restored tooth model did not experience fracture during an oblique impact.

Conclusion

The stress concentration patterns were seen to be altered in the zirconia‐restored tooth model. On incisal impact, the permanent tooth germ in the natural tooth model displayed stress concentrations that were not seen in the zirconia‐restored tooth model.
Intelligent Classrooms: How AI and IoT Can Reshape Learning Spaces
Authors: Quevedo Piratova Diego Alexander , Sánchez Duarte Mónica Marcela , Chiappe Andres , Sáez Delgado Fabiola Mabel
Published: January 2025

This review examines the design and configuration of AI‐powered 21st‐century classrooms to align with modern pedagogical approaches. The objective was to identify the main characteristics of innovative classroom design through a systematic literature review analysing 90 articles from the Scopus database. The SPAR‐4‐SRL protocol guided the selection, organisation and assessment of articles, with analysis conducted using descriptive statistics and topic modelling in AtlasTi. Key findings include (a) determinants like acoustics, lighting, temperature, ventilation and dimensions impact learning; (b) flexible furniture arrangements promote collaboration and active learning over traditional row seating; (c) inclusive designs consider sensory needs of students with disabilities; and (d) technology integration is crucial, including smart boards, cameras and connectivity. This comprehensive synthesis highlights some insights into the effect of the use of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things on the architectural principles and environmental factors that optimise classroom spaces for evolving educational practices. Educators, designers and policymakers can apply these insights to create student‐centred, technology‐enhanced learning environments fostering engagement and inclusivity.
Why Do Teachers Join Informal Groups and How Are They Managed?: A Research on Informal Groups in Schools
Authors: Beyhan Adem , Aydın İnayet
Published: January 2025

Informal groups have a significant impact on organisations. It is seen that the researches in the literature are generally conducted on business organisations and informal groups in educational organisations and approaches to managing these groups are not sufficiently discussed. In this study, the identification of informal groups in schools, teachers' reasons for participating in these groups and administrators' management styles of these groups were examined. The study was conducted with the participation of 345 school administrators and 477 teachers working in the central districts of Ankara. The data were collected with ‘Informal Groups List’, ‘Reasons for Participation in Informal Groups Scale’ and ‘Informal Groups Management Style Scale’. Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, frequency values were calculated in the analysis of the data; also t‐test, Anova and Pearson Correlation Test were applied. According to the results of the study, the most common informal groups in schools are ‘reference groups’, ‘interest groups’, ‘friendship groups’ and ‘benefit groups’. Teachers generally participate in informal groups in order to ‘sense of belonging’, ‘making friends’, ‘being in solidarity’ and ‘share their feelings’. According to administrators' views, administrators manage informal groups in democratic, autocratic and laissez‐faire styles, respectively, while according to teachers, administrators adopt democratic, laissez‐faire and autocratic management styles, respectively. The findings show that there is a moderate positive relationship between administrators' styles of managing informal groups and teachers' reasons for participating. This study is expected to contribute to the literature by determining the types of informal groups in schools, examining the reasons why teachers participate in these groups, and the management styles of school administrators towards these groups.
Neural Plasticity in Migraine Chronification
Authors: Fila Michal , Derwich Marcin , Pawlowska Elzbieta , Blasiak Janusz
Published: January 2025

Chronic migraine (CM) is the ultimate and most burdensome form of the transformation from episodic migraine (EM), called chronification. The mechanism behind migraine chronification is poorly known and difficult to explore as CM has the same spectrum of pathogenesis as EM and the EM‐CM transition is bidirectional. Central sensitization (CS) is a key phenomenon in migraine: its mechanisms include disturbed neural plasticity, which is the ability of the nervous system to adapt to endo‐ and exogenous changes. Cutaneous allodynia, a maker of central sensitization, may be an easy‐to‐determine marker of the EM‐CM transition. Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide, a pro‐inflammatory, vasodilatory and pain‐producing neuropeptide, which has been proposed as an alternative to CGRP target in migraine, was shown to improve CS by regulating synaptic plasticity in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis in CM rats. Oxytocin and its receptor were found to influence CS through modulating synaptic plasticity in CM mice. Similar results were obtained for ephrin type‐B receptor and its ligands. These and other studies suggest that neural plasticity may be important in CM pathogenesis. Still, its involvement in migraine chronification requires further studies which should include patients/animals with EM and CM. In this narrative/hypothesis paper, we review the current literature on the molecular mechanisms of CM pathogenesis and try to link them with neural plasticity and central sensitization to support the hypothesis that it is a key element in migraine chronification.
Rejunctive Moves Toward Systemic Healing: A Contextual Family Therapy Approach to Father’s Absence
Authors: Nleko Gift , Gutierrez Nicole Sabatini
Published: January 2025

The phenomena of father’s absence and the disruption of a family unit due to social justice issues like incarceration and mental health/substance misuse challenges are widely documented, and their effects on the whole family are well established in the literature. This paper specifically examines how systemic inequities like racism contribute to destructive entitlements that can occur transgenerationally within families affected by father’s absence. The consideration of racial trauma is crucial, as father’s absence and family disruption are not limited to any one racial or ethnic group, but the effects are often exacerbated for families of color due to the intersecting impacts of systemic racism. This paper highlights contextual family therapy (CFT) concepts, such as multidirected partiality, destructive entitlements, and exoneration, as they apply to these families within the context of racial trauma. Family therapists using a CFT approach with families impacted by incarceration, mental health, and/or substance misuse should address racial trauma as a key component influencing each family member as well as the family dynamics. A clinical case example is used to demonstrate the application of CFT in supporting rejunctive moves toward healing parent– and adult–child relationships within these resilient families.
Protective effects of neutrophil serine protease inhibition against ischemia–reperfusion injury in lung or heart transplantation
Authors: Korkmaz‐Icöz Sevil , Szabó Gábor , Gieldon Artur , McDonald Patrick P. , Dashkevich Alexey , Yildirim Ali Önder , Korkmaz Brice
Published: January 2025

Transplanted organs are inevitably exposed to ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury, which is known to cause graft dysfunction. Functional and structural changes that follow IR tissue injury are mediated by neutrophils through the production of oxygen‐derived free radicals, as well as from degranulation which entails the release of proteases and other pro‐inflammatory mediators. Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) are believed to be the principal triggers of post‐ischemic reperfusion damage. Extended preservation times for the transplanted donor organ correlate with heightened occurrences of vascular damage and graft dysfunction. Preservation with α1‐antitrypsin, an endogenous inhibitor of NSPs, improves primary graft function after lung or heart transplantation. Furthermore, pre‐operative pharmacological targeting of NSP activation in the recipient using chemical inhibitors suppresses neutrophilic inflammation in transplanted organs. Hence, effective control of NSPs in the graft and recipient is a promising strategy to prevent IR injury. In this review, we describe the pathological functions of NSPs in IR injury and discuss their pharmacological inhibition to prevent primary graft dysfunction in lung or heart transplantation.
Comparative Economic Analysis Between Bioenergy and Forage Types of Switchgrass for Sustainable Biofuel Feedstock Production: A Data Envelopment Analysis and Cost–Benefit Analysis Approach
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Umer , Archer David , Wasonga Daniel , Namoi Nictor , Boe Arvid , Mitchell Rob , Heaton Emily , Khanna Madhu , Lee DoKyoung
Published: January 2025

The capacity to produce switchgrass efficiently and cost‐effectively across diverse environments can be pivotal in achieving the short‐ and medium‐term Sustainable Aviation Fuel targets set by the U.S. Department of Energy. This study evaluated the economic performance of forage‐ and bioenergy‐type switchgrass cultivars and their response to N fertilization under diverse marginal environments across the US Midwest that included Illinois (IL), Iowa (IA), Nebraska (NE), and South Dakota (SD). Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to evaluate the efficiency of 23 Decision‐Making Units (DMUs)—cultivar types and N fertilization rate combinations—while a cost–benefit analysis calculated their profitability over 5 years. Results showed that two energy‐type cultivars—“Independence” and “Liberty”—were superior economically to the forage cultivars. Independence performed best with the highest profit margin when fertilized at 56 kg N ha−1, particularly in the US hardiness zone 6a (Urbana, IL). Liberty exhibited the highest profit margins in hardiness zone 5b (Madrid, IA, and Ithaca, NE) at 56 kg N ha−1 and showed exceptional profitability with 28 kg N ha−1 in hardiness zone 6b (Brighton, IL). Switchgrass cultivar “Carthage” showed better efficiency score and profitability results in hardiness zone 4b (South Shore, SD) at 56 kg N ha−1. The profit trends observed in current study sites may indicate broader patterns across similar US hardiness zones. This study provides valuable insights for decision‐makers to optimize input strategies for biomass production of bioenergy switchgrass to meet renewable energy demands.
Fighting Aging With Creation: The Sense of Feeling Old Enhances Young Consumers' Desire for Experiential Creation Consumption
Authors: Sun Zhaoyang , Chen Siyun , Wang Kun , Yuan Mengchan , Hou Yubo
Published: January 2025

Extensive research has examined the implications of the Sense of Feeling Old (SOFO) among older adults, revealing that it often diminishes their consumption of innovative or novel products. However, recent studies indicate that SOFO is not exclusive to the elderly; young people also encounter this phenomenon when exposed to aging‐related cues. Despite this, the influence of SOFO on young people's consumption behavior remains underexplored. This paper addresses this gap by investigating how SOFO influences young people's experiential creation consumption. Through five experimental studies across diverse cultural settings, we demonstrate that SOFO heightens young people's openness to learning, which subsequently enhances their preference for experiential creation. However, these effects are moderated by contingent self‐worth of youthfulness and perceived attainability of youthfulness, with individuals exhibiting low levels in these dimensions showing attenuated responses. Beyond contributing to the literature on SOFO and experiential creation consumption, this research offers practical insights for marketers, suggesting that inducing SOFO can be an effective strategy for promoting experiential creation consumption among young people.
Maternal Emotional Availability Supports Child Communicative Development Regardless of Child Temperament—Findings From the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Ollas‐Skogster Denise , Korja Riikka , Yada Akie , Mainela‐Arnold Elina , Karlsson Hasse , Bridgett David J. , Rautakoski Pirkko , Karlsson Linnea , Nolvi Saara
Published: January 2025

The interplay of emotional availability (EA) and child temperament in association with early language development is understudied. We explored associations between maternal EA and infant communicative development and possible moderations by child temperament. Participants were 151 mother‐child dyads from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Path models of associations between 8‐month maternal EA and 14‐month communicative development and moderation by infant temperament traits were created using SEM. Results show that EA positively predicted a latent variable of communicative development at 14 months. No direct longitudinal effect of EA on 30‐month vocabulary was found. Child surgency/extraversion at 6 and 12 months significantly predicted 14‐month communicative skills. Temperament did not moderate the association between EA and communicative development. Findings underscore the additive role of maternal caregiving and early surgency/extraversion in predicting early communicative development. The emotional aspects of parenting should be acknowledged as contributors to early communicative development in future studies.
Does Instructors' and Students' On‐Camera Presence Enhance Learning?
Authors: Xiaxia Jiang , Yahong Li , Ziyi Kuang , Jiajun Yu
Published: January 2025

Background

Video conferencing technology has moved online education into a new stage of real‐time video interaction. However, shortcomings such as students' lack of concentration and substantive engagement during video conferencing greatly limit the improvement of online learning effectiveness. According to social presence theory and the community of inquiry model, the on‐camera presence of instructors and students may effectively enhance the learning outcomes in video conferencing.

Objective

The effects of instructors' and students' on‐camera presence on social presence, learning satisfaction and learning performance in video conferencing were investigated.

Methods

We selected 244 university students as participants and employed a between‐subject experimental design with two levels of instructors' camera (on/off) and two levels of students' camera (on/off).

Results and Conclusions

(1) Learning performance was better when students turned on their cameras compared to when they did not. (2) The level of social presence was higher when students turned on their cameras than when they did not. The interaction effect between instructors' and students' camera use was significant, indicating that when instructors turned off their cameras, students' social presence was higher when they themselves turned on their cameras compared to when they did not. However, when instructors turned on their cameras, students' use of cameras did not significantly impact social presence. (3) Learning satisfaction was higher under the condition where students turned on their cameras compared to when they turned them off. It is recommended that students appear on camera during video conferencing, as this can increase social presence and learning satisfaction, ultimately improving their learning performance.
Effects of In Vivo Contact Force on Pulsed‐Field Ablation Efficacy in Porcine Ventricles
Authors: Koya Taro , Otsuka Naoto , Tri Jason A. , Ying Yang , Espinoza Elyana , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Nguyen Duy T.
Published: January 2025

Background

Pulsed‐field ablation (PFA) is an innovative non‐thermal method for arrhythmia treatment. The efficacy of various PFA configurations in relation to contact force (CF) has not been well‐studied in vivo.

Objectives

This study evaluated the effect of CF on acute bipolar PFA lesions in both a vegetal and an in vivo porcine heart model.

Methods

Bipolar PFA (500 V, 20 μs for 50 pulses) was applied to eight porcine ventricles, with CF categorized as standard (5–15 g), high (16–30 g), or very high (> 30 g) using the CARTO 3 system. PFA lesions were assessed by gross pathology, histology, and post‐ablation voltage amplitude. Additionally, a vegetal model using oscillating russet potatoes replicated the motion of a beating heart to compare lesion parameters under dynamic conditions and various PFA configurations (monopolar vs. bipolar).

Results

A total of 61 in vivo bipolar PFA lesions across all groups were analyzed. No significant differences in lesion surface diameter, depth, or volume were found among CF groups. In the vegetal model, monopolar setting had a better correlation between CF and lesion depth compared to bipolar setting. In addition, oscillations and catheter position (perpendicular or parallel) significantly affected lesion dimensions.

Conclusion

Increasing CF has a minimal effect on the size of acute bipolar PFA lesions in the porcine ventricle, suggesting that, for bipolar PFA, adequate CF is more critical than its intensity in a beating heart. For monopolar PFA, greater CF can impact lesion depth.