bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Problems in Metric Fixed Point Theory and their Weihrauch Degrees
Authors: Neumann Eike
Published: November 2016

We study the computational difficulty of the problem of finding fixed points
of nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. We show that the
fixed point sets of computable nonexpansive self-maps of a nonempty, computably
weakly closed, convex and bounded subset of a computable real Hilbert space are
precisely the nonempty, co-r.e. weakly closed, convex subsets of the domain. A
uniform version of this result allows us to determine the Weihrauch degree of
the Browder-Goehde-Kirk theorem in computable real Hilbert space: it is
equivalent to a closed choice principle, which receives as input a closed,
convex and bounded set via negative information in the weak topology and
outputs a point in the set, represented in the strong topology. While in finite
dimensional uniformly convex Banach spaces, computable nonexpansive mappings
always have computable fixed points, on the unit ball in infinite-dimensional
separable Hilbert space the Browder-Goehde-Kirk theorem becomes
Weihrauch-equivalent to the limit operator, and on the Hilbert cube it is
equivalent to Weak Koenig's Lemma. In particular, computable nonexpansive
mappings may not have any computable fixed points in infinite dimension. We
also study the computational difficulty of the problem of finding rates of
convergence for a large class of fixed point iterations, which generalise both
Halpern- and Mann-iterations, and prove that the problem of finding rates of
convergence already on the unit interval is equivalent to the limit operator.
The computability path ordering
Authors: Blanqui Frédéric , Jouannaud Jean-Pierre , Rubio Albert
Published: November 2016

This paper aims at carrying out termination proofs for simply typed
higher-order calculi automatically by using ordering comparisons. To this end,
we introduce the computability path ordering (CPO), a recursive relation on
terms obtained by lifting a precedence on function symbols. A first version,
core CPO, is essentially obtained from the higher-order recursive path ordering
(HORPO) by eliminating type checks from some recursive calls and by
incorporating the treatment of bound variables as in the com-putability
closure. The well-foundedness proof shows that core CPO captures the essence of
computability arguments \'a la Tait and Girard, therefore explaining its name.
We further show that no further type check can be eliminated from its recursive
calls without loosing well-foundedness, but for one for which we found no
counterexample yet. Two extensions of core CPO are then introduced which allow
one to consider: the first, higher-order inductive types; the second, a
precedence in which some function symbols are smaller than application and
abstraction.
Quantitative information flow under generic leakage functions and adaptive adversaries
Authors: Boreale M. , Pampaloni Francesca
Published: November 2016

We put forward a model of action-based randomization mechanisms to analyse
quantitative information flow (QIF) under generic leakage functions, and under
possibly adaptive adversaries. This model subsumes many of the QIF models
proposed so far. Our main contributions include the following: (1) we identify
mild general conditions on the leakage function under which it is possible to
derive general and significant results on adaptive QIF; (2) we contrast the
efficiency of adaptive and non-adaptive strategies, showing that the latter are
as efficient as the former in terms of length up to an expansion factor bounded
by the number of available actions; (3) we show that the maximum information
leakage over strategies, given a finite time horizon, can be expressed in terms
of a Bellman equation. This can be used to compute an optimal finite strategy
recursively, by resorting to standard methods like backward induction.
Finite choice, convex choice and finding roots
Authors: Roux Stéphane Le , Pauly Arno
Published: November 2016

We investigate choice principles in the Weihrauch lattice for finite sets on
the one hand, and convex sets on the other hand. Increasing cardinality and
increasing dimension both correspond to increasing Weihrauch degrees. Moreover,
we demonstrate that the dimension of convex sets can be characterized by the
cardinality of finite sets encodable into them. Precisely, choice from an n+1
point set is reducible to choice from a convex set of dimension n, but not
reducible to choice from a convex set of dimension n-1. Furthermore we consider
searching for zeros of continuous functions. We provide an algorithm producing
3n real numbers containing all zeros of a continuous function with up to n
local minima. This demonstrates that having finitely many zeros is a strictly
weaker condition than having finitely many local extrema. We can prove 3n to be
optimal.
(Leftmost-Outermost) Beta Reduction is Invariant, Indeed
Authors: Accattoli Beniamino , Lago Ugo Dal
Published: November 2016

Slot and van Emde Boas' weak invariance thesis states that reasonable
machines can simulate each other within a polynomially overhead in time. Is
lambda-calculus a reasonable machine? Is there a way to measure the
computational complexity of a lambda-term? This paper presents the first
complete positive answer to this long-standing problem. Moreover, our answer is
completely machine-independent and based over a standard notion in the theory
of lambda-calculus: the length of a leftmost-outermost derivation to normal
form is an invariant cost model. Such a theorem cannot be proved by directly
relating lambda-calculus with Turing machines or random access machines,
because of the size explosion problem: there are terms that in a linear number
of steps produce an exponentially long output. The first step towards the
solution is to shift to a notion of evaluation for which the length and the
size of the output are linearly related. This is done by adopting the linear
substitution calculus (LSC), a calculus of explicit substitutions modeled after
linear logic proof nets and admitting a decomposition of leftmost-outermost
derivations with the desired property. Thus, the LSC is invariant with respect
to, say, random access machines. The second step is to show that LSC is
invariant with respect to the lambda-calculus. The size explosion problem seems
to imply that this is not possible: having the same notions of normal form,
evaluation in the LSC is exponentially longer than in the lambda-calculus. We
solve such an impasse by introducing a new form of shared normal form and
shared reduction, deemed useful. Useful evaluation avoids those steps that only
unshare the output without contributing to beta-redexes, i.e. the steps that
cause the blow-up in size. The main technical contribution of the paper is
indeed the definition of useful reductions and the thorough analysis of their
properties.
Order-Invariant Types and Their Applications
Authors: Barcelo Pablo , Libkin Leonid
Published: November 2016

Our goal is to show that the standard model-theoretic concept of types can be
applied in the study of order-invariant properties, i.e., properties definable
in a logic in the presence of an auxiliary order relation, but not actually
dependent on that order relation. This is somewhat surprising since
order-invariant properties are more of a combinatorial rather than a logical
object. We provide two applications of this notion. One is a proof, from the
basic principles, of a theorem by Courcelle stating that over trees,
order-invariant MSO properties are expressible in MSO with counting
quantifiers. The other is an analog of the Feferman-Vaught theorem for
order-invariant properties.
FO2(<,+1,~) on data trees, data tree automata and branching vector addition systems
Authors: Jacquemard Florent , Segoufin Luc , Dimino Jerémie
Published: November 2016

A data tree is an unranked ordered tree where each node carries a label from
a finite alphabet and a datum from some infinite domain. We consider the two
variable first order logic FO2(<,+1,~) over data trees. Here +1 refers to the
child and the next sibling relations while < refers to the descendant and
following sibling relations. Moreover, ~ is a binary predicate testing data
equality. We exhibit an automata model, denoted DAD# that is more expressive
than FO2(<,+1,~) but such that emptiness of DAD# and satisfiability of
FO2(<,+1,~) are inter-reducible. This is proved via a model of counter tree
automata, denoted EBVASS, that extends Branching Vector Addition Systems with
States (BVASS) with extra features for merging counters. We show that, as
decision problems, reachability for EBVASS, satisfiability of FO2(<,+1,~) and
emptiness of DAD# are equivalent.
Certified Context-Free Parsing: A formalisation of Valiant's Algorithm in Agda
Authors: Bernardy Jean-Philippe , Jansson Patrik
Published: November 2016

Valiant (1975) has developed an algorithm for recognition of context free
languages. As of today, it remains the algorithm with the best asymptotic
complexity for this purpose. In this paper, we present an algebraic
specification, implementation, and proof of correctness of a generalisation of
Valiant's algorithm. The generalisation can be used for recognition, parsing or
generic calculation of the transitive closure of upper triangular matrices. The
proof is certified by the Agda proof assistant. The certification is
representative of state-of-the-art methods for specification and proofs in
proof assistants based on type-theory. As such, this paper can be read as a
tutorial for the Agda system.
Teori Implisit dalam Proses Belajar, Relasi antar Pribadi dan antar Kelompok
Authors: Arini Aquilina Tanti
Published: November 2016

Artikel ini memaparkan tentang teori implisit yang perkembangannya dipelopori oleh Carol S. Dweck dan kolega-koleganya. Teori implisit merupakan teori orang awam yang terdiri atas teori entitas dan inkremental. Teori entitas adalah pandangan yang dimiliki orang awam bahwa sifat bersifat permanen, sedangkan teori inkremental adalah pandangan orang awam bahwa sifat bersifat dinamis dan dapat dikembangkan. Pemaparan teori implisit didasarkan pada hasil-hasil penelitian pada berbagai isu belajar dan relasi-relasi sosial, meliputi penelitian-penelitian tentang peran teori implisit pada performansi dan proses-proses belajar yang mendasarinya, pada relasi antar pribadi dan relasi antar kelompok. Selain itu juga dipaparkan hasil penelitian tentang intervensi untuk mengubah teori implisit yang mendukung perubahan diri dan sosial yang konstruktif. Paparan tentang teori implisit diharapkan memberikan pemahaman tentang peran perbedaan individu dalam proses interaksi sosial.
AUTOMATIC RETRIEVAL AND THE FORMALIZATION OF MULTI WORDS EXPRESSIONS WITH F-WORDS IN THE CORPUS OF CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN ENGLISH
Authors: Prihantoro Prihantoro
Published: November 2016

The research problems in this research are 1) how lexicogrammar takes role in determining polarity of F-Word1 and 2) how to formalize it for corpus processing. The data is obtained from the Contemporary American English Corpus (COCA). In this corpus, F-word is proven to be highest in frequency as compared to its distribution across corpora. Corpus methodology is applied by sending queries to retrieve F-Words to COCA interface. Tokens combination surrounding F-words resulted in the phrase and clause unit accompanying F-words, which are significant cues to determine F-word polarity. The polarity is later proven to be not necessarily negative. I also designed a computational resource to allow the retrieval of F-words offline so that users might apply it to any digital text collections.
CHANGING APPROACHES TO INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Lan Ngo Thi Puong
Published: November 2016

Prevailing views on indigenous knowledge (IK) rely on a binary contrast between indigenous knowledge and scientific knowledge (SK), where the former is either dismissed as backward or judged superior in terms of its sustainability. I assert instead that we must examine the specific conditions under which people invoke indigenous and/or scientific forms of knowledge. Based on an ethnographic study of the IK of two Mon-Khmer speaking ethnic minority populations, the Xtiêng and the Mạ, in Binh Phuoc province of Vietnam, conducted in 2012 and 2013, this paper re-examines the definition of IK, exploring the relationship between IK and scientific knowledge (SK), and analyzing the changing nature of IK in the present context. In so doing, I suggest that IK is not a static body of knowledge but depends substantively on socio-economic conditions. In local people’s daily lives, they both use IK and SK as resources for navigating their changing life-worlds.
MEANING-MAKING OF HEDGES IN THE GOSSIP COLUMN OF THE JAKARTA POST
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Wahyudi Ribut
Published: November 2016

The present study investigates the use of hedges (vague language) as the meaning-making practice in the gossip column of the Jakarta Post. The daily newspaper is chosen due to pragmatic purposes, accessibility, and its national coverage. Adapting the framework of Lakoff (1973), Holmes (1990) and Hyland (1996a-b), this study focuses on the hedges’ functions and meanings in a gossip column (informal context), apart from an academic discourse (formal context) in which hedges are frequently discussed. This possibly leads to the diverse functions and meanings of the hedges’ occurrences within the discourse: through the employment of ‘epistemic modal’ (the expression of uncertainty) and ‘affective’ (the expression of solidarity) function. Further, the mostly-found hedges are the epistemic modal ‘about’ (five times) and the affective modal ‘think’ (four times) from six hedge categories. Eventually, it is also revealed that hedges used in the gossip column are to enhance the self-image and trend-setting identity of the celebrities, who indeed are involved in the discourse.
PENERAPAN FORMULA FENG SHUI DENGAN PERTIMBANGAN FORM DALAM BANGUNAN DAN LINGKUNGAN BINAAN
Authors: Mariana Dewi
Published: November 2016

Feng Shui merupakan ilmu Tiongkok kuno yang digunakan sebagai salah satu pendekatan desain dan penataan lingkungan binaan hingga zaman ini. Namun, banyak pihak lupa, tidak sadar, atau bahkan tidak tahu bahwa Feng Shui juga mementingkan bentuk (form) dan bukan hanya penerapan formula atau perhitungan saja. Masalah muncul pada image praktisi Feng Shui yang negatif, yaitu bagi mayoritas arsitek, pelaksana bangunan dan sebagian pihak pemilik proyek, jika praktisi Feng Shui terlibat, desain akan berantakan, aneh, tidak enak dilihat, dan membuat bingung mereka semua. Makalah ini mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis empat pendekatan yang lazim diterapkan oleh praktisi Feng Shui yang pada praktiknya lebih banyak menekankan penerapan formula dan melupakan bentuk (form), padahal teori dasar Feng Shui menyatakan bahwa penerapannya menitikberatkan keserasian dengan lingkungan. Di sini juga ditunjukkan bahwa masing-masing pendekatan dapat ditengahi secara logis tanpa menyalahi aturan dasar Feng Shui itu sendiri. Hasil pembahasan memperlihatkan bahwa bentuk (form) dan penerapan formula dalam Feng Shui bukan merupakan hal yang saling terpisah, tetapi justru diperlukan diterapkan bersamaan untuk tujuan desain yang baik.
INDEXICALITY OF RELIGIOUS IDENTITY IN YALE MSA E-COMMUNICATION
Authors: Munandar Aris
Published: November 2016

Muslims in the U.S is a minority group, thus, vulnerable to discrimation. Yale Muslim Students Association (Yale MSA) as a Muslim community on Campus provides Yale students with the opportunity to come together in a supportive Muslim environment and seeks to educate the Yale and New Haven communities about Islam (YaleMSA.org). This article discusses how Yale MSA indexes Muslim identity in its emails and webpage communication and how the indexicality shows Yale MSA as an empowered Muslim community on campus. It applies the framework for identity analysis proposed by Bucholtz and Hall (2005), especially principle (3) identities may be linguistically indexed through labels, implicatures, stances, styles, or linguistic structures and systems. The analysis of Yale MSA in-group e-mail communication (Yale MSA@gmail.com) and in out-group webpage communication (YaleMSA.org) during the 2008-2014 periods reveals that Yale MSA uses Arabic borrowings and expressions presupposing Muslim life to index’s its Muslim identity. The intensive use of Arabic borrowings in the in-group communication heightens the Islamic atmosphere and strengthens solidarity among members, while the use of Arabic borrowings in combination with English equivalent in out-group communication mitigates prejudice from different faith groups. The choice of overt labels “Muslim” and “non Muslim” rather than “Moslem” and “nonbeliever” implies Yale MSA’s freedom to speak its own voice, and advocate for equal respect among different faith groups in Yale campus and New Haven community. The confidence in speaking its own voice and asserting an equal stance demonstrates that Yale MSA is an empowered Muslim community.
CHALLENGES IN CROSS CULTURAL ADVERTISING
Authors: Retnowati Yuni
Published: November 2016

At first, marketing practitioners and academics consider standardized approaches to marketing and advertising strategies in globalization, and then some studies proved that the standardization of advertising across culture is not valid. Therefore, cross cultural advertising takes local culture into account when conveying messages in advertisements. Cross cultural understanding is very important in order to produce successful localized advertising that would reflect the cultural values and norms of intended audience. Challenge in cross cultural advertising is the problem of communicating to people of diverse cultural background. Cross cultural solutions are applied in areas such as language, communication style, images and cultural values. Cross cultural advertising is simply about using common sense and analyzing how the different elements of an advertising campaign are impacted by culture and modifying them to best speak to the target audience. Other challenges are determining between standardization and adaptation of cultural values content of advertising when facing different people from diverse cultures. In academic side, the challenge is preparing students to design advertisements that communicate effectively to diverse cultures.
Editorial
Authors: Wahid Abdul
Published: November 2016

Language and media has always been in a mutual relationship. Historical record shows that mass media, such as newspaper, magazine and other products of printing technology, played a very instrumental role in the development of language and its changing practices and functions within society. In Indonesia, this can be seen during the late colonial period – particularly from early twentieth century onward – when printing technology was introduced on massive scale as part of the capitalist expansion to produce an increasing number of newspapers, magazines, journals, and other publications. These mass media boosted the literacy rate of Indonesian population and created a ‘reader community’, and cultivated written tradition, which later stimulated wider cultural and political literacy among Indonesian society. This ‘printing capitalism’ also facilitated the evolution of vernacular language and brought them into a modern written world that partially supported the identity formation of local society in a colonial context. More importantly, the mass media also mediated the transformation and institutionalization of Malay from a ‘vernacular language’ into a ‘national language’, known later as Bahasa Indonesia. A growing number of Western educated Indonesians used and practiced Bahasa Indonesia in their reading, writing, and speaking activities abandoning the Dutch as ‘national language’ of the colonial state of Netherlands Indies. In turn, this escalated the formation of Indonesian nationalism and forged the nationalist movement and the national identity to counter and liberate Indonesia from the tyranny of colonialism (Anderson, 1991; Adam,1995).
THE APPLICATION OF BEHAVIOR THERAPY MODEL FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF SPEAKING ABILITY OF DYSARTHRIA PATIENTS
Authors: Sastra Gusdi , Yanis Amel , Revilta Ike , Handoko Handoko
Published: November 2016

Research on behavior therapy has been conducted on patients with dysarthria, a disorder of articulation due to impairment of the central nervous system, which directly controls the activity of the muscles that play a role in the process of articulation in the pronunciation production. This study discusses three issues: lingual form made by people with dysarthria before getting behavior therapy, emotional influences on lexical and semantic knowledge of the patient, and the achievement of the model of behavior therapy applied to patients with dysarthria speech impairment. The theory used in this study was from Prins (2004) and the method of analysis applied is the method from Nunan (1992)combined with Sudaryanto (1993).The research found that there is an increased ability of patient to talk: nearly 40 percent of the index lingual knowledge or information, 20 percent of semantics, and 40 percent of feeling. Lingual index is significant as a means of therapy for patients with dysarthria. An increase in the speech ability improves confidence in facing social life.
COLONIAL POLITICS IN FORMING ETHNIC IDENTITY OF MELAYU MINANGKABAU AND BATAK IN TAPANULI
Authors: Tanjung Ida Liana , Purwanto Bambang , Setyawati Nur Aini
Published: November 2016

The article discusses the forming of ethnic identity among Batak and Malay people in Tapanuli during colonial period. The colonial government that desired to expand its hegemony among these ethnic groups had led them to create policies and boundaries for the groups in Tapanuli. This study uses historical method (heuristic) that begins from sources collection, sources critique,interpretation and explanation. Constructive approach is used to analyze the sources that considers ethnic identity is a result of construction process of a particular group. This article shows that in pre-colonial period it was difficult to determine ethnical boundaries in Tapanuli, particularly the Malay, Minangkabau, and Batak. However, after the Dutch government expanded its expansion to this region, the ethnical boundaries began to form and the differences among them became apparent. Ethnic segregation policy implemented by the Dutch and its support to the Batak ethnic group and the Christian obviously had formed and changed the awareness of ethnic identity among Batak and Malay people. In the early 20th century, the colonial government featured and strengthened the ethnic identity awareness in Batak community.
A Comparison of the Origin of Idioms in Mandarin and Indonesian
Authors: Haiyan Huang , Wijana I Dewa Putu , Hariri Tatang
Published: November 2016

In language, idioms can function as stand-alone semantic units because they contain whole concepts. These concepts, formed from human thought, can be explored to discover cultural elements which served as the basis for idiom creation. If the origins of an idiom are known or recognized, that idiom’s meaning can be understood more easily. Idioms are frequently used by language communities in their day-to-day lives. However, the origins of idioms in the Indonesian language has almost never been discussed or researched. This article compares the origins of idioms in Mandarin and in Indonesian. It finds that the origins of idioms in Mandarin and in Indonesian are diverse, but in general fit one of two main types: they may be adapted from foreign languages (most importantly in idioms related to religion), or be created within the society and reproduced from generation to generation. Idioms can be traced to either the written tradition or the oral tradition. Idioms in Mandarin generally originate from the written tradition, whereas idioms in Indonesian tend to originate from orality. This study uses the theory of meaning formation first proposed by Ogden and Richards (1911). The comparative method of data analysis is used here, as the origins of idioms in Mandarin and Indonesian are compared.
The Act of Promise and Threat in Translated Verses of Law in The Qur’an
Authors: Chojimah Nurul
Published: November 2016

This study was aimed at finding the patterns of promise and threat in translated verses of law in the Qur’an and their syntactical realization.The data source for this research is the translated Qur’an published by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Data for this research are verses of law in marriage, inheritance, and trade containing the acts of promise and threat. The data were collected by reading and note-taking technique.The coding system by Blum- Kulka et al (1989) was adapted to analyze data for the study. It was found that the patterns of promise in translated verses of law can be classified into directive-commissive-conditional promise (DCCP), commissive-conditional promise (CCP), and neither-directive-nor-conditional promise (NDNCP). Directive-commissive-conditional threat (DCCT) is the only pattern of threat occurring in this study. Those speech acts are realized through conditional sentences and simple sentences. The conclusion is that the linguistic balance in the Qur’an can be found not only at the level of word and phrase, but also at the speech act level.
Geographical Influences on the Language Skill of Elementary School Students in Lae-Lae Island Makassar City
Authors: Yusri Yusri , Hidayat Andi Reza
Published: November 2016

This article describes how geographic factor influences students’ language skill which in this case is the mastery of vocabularies. This study is a quantitative research with sociolinguistic approach. The respondents of this study were elementary school students that live in Lae-Lae Island, Makassar City, and as for the comparison the researcher took other respondents from other elementary schools in urban areas. The researcher selected 30 students from each school. The techniques used in this study were a vocabulary mastery test, observations, and interviews. The data analysis technique is descriptive analysis and independent sample t test. The result indicates that there are significant geographical factors on the students’ vocabulary mastery. Elementary students in urban area have higher skill in mastering vocabularies than those in Lae-Lae Island. In addition, the geographical factors also influence the type of their vocabularies mastered by the students. The students from Lae-Lae Island are better in mastering marine vocabularies than those of urban areas.
Book Review: Women After All: Sex, Evolution, and the End of Male Supremacy
Authors: Hernawati Mala
Published: November 2016

Konner’s Women After All begins with thequotation from Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a leading figure of the American suffragist, “Because man and woman are the complement of one another, we need woman’s thought in national affairs to make a safe and stable government.” This quotation was a part of her address to the National Woman Suffrage Convention in Washington D.C., on January 19, 1869. However, the idea on equality between man and woman is just a starting point toward Konner’s thesis which is far beyond equality: women are not equal to men – they are superior to men.
Women on corporate board – Are we gender sensitive enough?
Authors: Pandey Nidhi
Published: November 2016

“You can’t have it all’ was rightly stated by Mrs. Indira Nooyi ,CEO of PepsiCo in an interview at Washington in July 2014.The fairer sex is somewhat responsible for marginal representation on boards apart from the patriarchal society we abode in. The pull factors like societal expectations and self guilt are major factors hindering the women to leave the career ladder in the lurch. Though research studies have proven that inclusion of female directors helps in increasing profits, but the top position is still eluding the women. One of the leading reasons for this grimy scenario is lack of gender sensitivity in the male dominated society which puts forth various queries regarding the bulging gap. Gender Sensitivity in the new millennium is the core of corporate world. With lesser number of women at top of the ladder it put forth various queries. The paper brings forth with the help of a pilot survey the sensitivity of both the genders towards each other in our modern society basically referring to work place and to understand the psychological differences of both the genders on career break and progression post marriage.
The importance of the IFRS in India
Authors: Ntoung Agbor Tabot Lious , Outman Ben C. , Masárova Eva
Published: November 2016

In this article the authors study the impact of the mandatory International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) adoption has on the value relevance of accounting numbers based on a sample of 440 listed firms. The aim is to identify the effects of the mandatory IFRS adoption by relying on panel data gathered over the period 2002 to 2012 resulting in more than 4,840 firm-year observations. Two models of Panel regression (stock returns and price models) were employed. The main finding shows that the adoption of IFRS across the studied period results to some improvement in the value relevance of accounting information with the stock return model. With respect to the price models, our result shows that there was slight difference in the value relevance of accounting information after the mandatory IFR adoption across India listed firms.
Editorial: Mentoring Graduate Students
Authors: Czerkawski Betul C. , Lyman Eugene W.
Published: November 2016

Digital scholarship is rapidly transforming the traditional mentoring relationship between faculty members and graduate students. ITET seeks to assist in this transition by providing a forum for graduate students and newer faculty members.
Chemical Reactivity, Dipole Moment and First Hyperpolarizability of Aristolochic Acid I
Authors: Joshi Bhawani Datta
Published: November 2016

Aristolochic acids (AAs) have been used in the treatment of oedema in  Chinese herb medicine  since  long  ago. In this paper, molecular electrostatic potential, chemical reactivity  and non linear optical properties  of  aristolochic  acid  I  (AA  I)  have  been  analyzed  using  density  functional  theory  employing  6-311++G(d,p)  basis set.  The chemical reactivity of the molecule has been explained with the help of chemical reactivity descriptors, molar refractivity and the molecular electrostatic potential surface (ESP).  The calculated dipole moment and first order hyperpolarizability show that the molecule possesses non-linear optical property.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, page: 1-9
Ichthyofaunal Diversity and Physico-Chemical Factors of Melamchi River, Sindhupalchok, Nepal
Authors: Mishra Abha R. , Baniya Chitra Bahadur
Published: November 2016

The fish community and physico-chemical properties at five sites of Melamchi River were studied monthly from January 2011 to December 2013.    Melamchi River is one of tributaries larger Indrawati River basin, originates from the high snowy Jugal Mountain (5,875 m asl). Eleven fish species within two orders and five families were recorded.   Cypriniformes  was  found  to  be  the  most  dominant  order  with  ten  fish  species. Schizothorax plagiostomus  was the most common fish species followed by  Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, and  Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis.  Shannon Wiener fish diversity index and species richness recorded were highest at site 2 and lowest at site 5, whereas, evenness index was highest at site 3. The cluster analysis revealed  that  similarity  between  fish  species  decreased  as  the  distance  between  the  sites  increased.  Fish species were found distributed among four groups with respect to the significant habitat characteristics in the redundancy analysis (RDA). River water was found well-oxygenated and alkaline at all sites. However, high level for turbidity (43.25/ NTU) was observed at site 5, which exceeded compliance levels of WHO indicating the influence of intensive agriculture and deforestation along river area. To improve fish diversity and water quality of this river proper monitoring and management are an urgent need.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, Page: 10-18
Identification and Characterization of Parasite Neopharyngodon Sp. From Wall Lizard (Gecko) Of Nepal
Authors: Pun Shyam K. , Maharjan Mahendra
Published: November 2016

A total of 25 wall lizards (15 Hemidactylus brookii brookii and 10 H. platyurus) were examined for nematode parasite Neopharyngodon sp. from Kirtipur, Nepal. Neopharyngodon sp. were taxonomically identified and showed characteristics like small size (1.375-1.5mm x 0.225-0.25mm), mouth with two lips, oesophagus (0.35mm x 0.03mm), oesophagus bulb (0.092mm) and pointed tail with size one-third of the whole body length. Twenty percent of H. brookii brookii harbored the nematode parasite with average parasitic intensity of 4.3 while 80% of H. platyrus showed Neopharyngodon sp with parasitic intensity of 4.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVol. 21, No. 1, 2016, Page: 52-55
Electrochemical Characterization of Laboratory Fabricated Bromide Ion Selective Electrode
Authors: Nyachhyon Armila Rajbhandari , Manandhar Krishna , Pradhananga Raja Ram
Published: November 2016

Bromide ion selective electrode (Br-ISE) have been successfully fabricated in the laboratory. The polycrystalline Ag2S-AgBr membrane material of Br-ISE was prepared by co-precipitation of silver sulphide and silver bromide from aqueous solution and was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). XRD results showed that material is in mixed phase state having Ag3SBr, Ag2S and AgBr. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to study the texture of the surface. The potentiometric response has been investigated by 2 electrode system whereas 3 electrode systems have been used for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrode was found to behave well up to the bromide concentration of 1x10-5M with a Nernstian slope of 58 mV per decade change in bromide ion concentration. The selectivity coefficient of electrode containing bromide ion in the presence of I- and Cl- ions was found to be 3.98 and 8x10-2, respectively indicating that I- and Cl- ions interfere in the response of bromide electrode to bromide ion. The EIS studies shows that the charge transfer process is the key mechanism that is going on at the electrode/ electrolyte interface and electrode/ back contact interface.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVol. 21, No. 1, 2016, page: 76-81
Study of the Influence of Temperature on the Deposition of SiO2 Films from Reaction of Silicone Oil Vapor and Ozone Gas
Authors: Rajib Arifuzzaman , Horita Susumu , Rahman Atowar , Ismail Abu Bakar Md.
Published: November 2016

This work reports the influence of deposition temperature on the deposition of SiO2 films on silicon substrate by using chemical reaction of silicone oil vapor andozone gas at low temperature. An organic solution as a catalyst at atmospheric pressure has been used to enhance the deposition rate of SiO2. The deposition rate of SiO2 films was found to vary with the variation of the concentration of the catalyst and deposition temperature (160°C ~ 260°C). The deposited SiO2 films were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thickness and refractive index of the as-deposited films were measured by the laser ellipsometry. FT-IR spectra of the as-deposited films were very much similar to those of SiO2 films found in literature. The deposition temperature was found to influence the deposition rate of SiO2 strongly. The maximum deposition rate was found to 17.2 nm per minute for the case of 220°C. The deposition temperature also influenced the refractive index of the films. Experimental results showed that the deposition temperature could be a major parameter for the enhancement of the deposition rate.
Study on Wear and Morphological Behavior of Electron Beam Dose Irradiated Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-C)
Authors: Rahman Md. Shahinur , Lee Heon-Ju , Yang Jong-Keun , Lyakhov Konstantin , Uddin Muhammad Athar
Published: November 2016

Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C) is the most prominent engineering thermoplastic consisting of repeating carbon-oxygen bonds in the form of oxymethylene groups (OCH2). It is widely used to make small gear wheels, ball bearings, precision parts, automotive and consumer electronics. In this study, the POM-C round blocks were irradiated with 165 KeV electron beam energy in five doses (100, 200, 300, 500 and 700 kGy) in vacuum condition at room temperature. The wear rate, surface hardness and morphological properties of electron beam dose irradiated POM-C blocks surfaces have been analyzed using pin on disk tribometer, optical microscopy, nano-indenter, Raman spectroscopy, 3D nano surface profiler and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electron beam irradiation transferred the wear phenomena of unirradiated POM-C sample from the abrasive wear (plough and cracks), adhesive wear  (grooving/striation, micropitting) and scraping to mild scraping and striation for the 100 kGy dose irradiated POM-C sample due to cross-linking (macroscopic networks), chemical free radicals formations and partial physical modification (smoothness), which can be concluded from tribometer, optical microscopic, SEM and Raman spectroscopic observations. It also reduced the surface wear rate and average surface roughness with increasing microsurface hardness at threshold value of cross-linking among all unirradiated and others doses irradiated POM-C blocks. The level of tribological (wear and morphology) attribute improvement relies on the electron beam irradiation condition (energy and dose rate) depending on chemical and physical factors of polymeric materials.
Effect of Cu content on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Peak-aged Al-6Si-0.5Mg Alloys in Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Hossain Abul , Gafur M. A. , Gulshan Fahmida , Kurny A. S. W.
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to understand the electrochemical corrosion behavior of 1wt% Cu content Al-6Si-0.5Mg alloy in 0.1M NaCl solution. The potentiodynamic polarization curves reveal that 1wt% Cu content alloy is less prone to corrosion than the Cu free alloy. The EIS test results show that corrosion resistance or polarization resistance (Rct) increases with the addition of 1wt% Cu to Al-6Si-0.5Mg alloy. Higher polarization resistance (Rp) has been obtained with the addition of 1wt% Cu to the Al-6Si-0.5Mg alloy. Due to addition of Cu and thermal modification, the magnitude of open circuit potential (OCP), corrosion potential (Ecorr) and pitting corrosion potential (Epit) of Al-6Si-0.5Mg alloy in NaCl solution were shifted to the more noble direction.
Hydrodynamics of Microalgae and CO2 flow in a Tubular Photobioreactor and consequent effects on Microalgae growth
Authors: Barua Saumen , Deb Ujjwal Kumar
Published: November 2016

In biofuel technology from microalgae, the main optimal factors for microalgae cultivations are light, CO2 and temperature. As microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms thus they convert sunlight, water and CO2 to algal biomass. We consider a two phase flow for CO2 and Microalgae suspension to understand fluid dynamics phenomena after injecting CO2 gas inside a tubular Photobioreactor (PBR).The growth rate of the microalgae cell is taken as a function of available sun light at Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology (CUET) in our study. A 20.94m long and 0.025m tubular PBR is considered for the simulation. To observe the microalgae cell growth, we selected the 21st June for a bright sunny and the longest day of a year. From the simulation after day seven we observed a very slow growth for the microalgae culture. It is noted that the growth related to concentration of microalgae is increased by day length with respect to continuous sunlight. A small fluctuation of shear rate around Uloop area is also found in our simulation which may be caused to reduce the volumetric production due to cell fragility. From the velocity profile we found that, the velocity is generally higher in the middle of the tube gives a parabolic shape of the suspension flow.
Multidimensional Markov Stationary Feature for Image Retrival Systems
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful , Haque Md. Emdadul , Hamid Md. Ekramul
Published: November 2016

Markov Stationary Features (MSF) not only considers the distribution of colors like histogram method does, also characterizes the spatial co-occurrence of histogram patterns. However, handling large scale database of images, simple MSF method is not sufficient to discriminate the images. In this paper, we have proposed a robust content based image retrieval algorithm that enhances the discriminating capability of the original MSF. The proposed Multidimensional MSF (MMSF) algorithm extends the MSF by generating multiple co-occurrence matrices with different quantization levels of an image. Publicly available WANG1000 and Corel10800 databases are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental result justifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Simulation of Normal Incidence Sound Absorption Coefficients of Perforated Panels With/Without Glass Wool by Transmission Line Parameters in a Two-Port Network
Authors: Nakai Takayoshi
Published: November 2016

This paper describes simulation of normal incidence sound absorption coefficients of perforated panels by transmission line parameters in a two-port network. Maa and Sakagami have investigated micro perforated panels, MPP. But their theories can treat only near 1 % perforation rates of perforated panels with back cavities. If sound propagates as a plane wave, sound propagation can be represented as transmission line parameters in a two-port network. Perforated panels, back cavities, and glass wool absorption materials are represented as matrix of transmission line parameters, respectively. Transmission line parameters of a perforated panel with a back cavity are calculated as multiplication of their matrices. An input impedance can be calculated from the transmission line parameters. A normal incident absorption coefficient is calculated from the input impedance. Holes of the perforated panels have losses of viscous friction and thermal conduction at their walls. Simulations are done in the condition of 0.25 mm to 5 mm diameters of holes, 0.25 % to 25 % perforation rates, 0.5 mm to 5 mm thickness of the perforated panels with back cavities in which there are or are not glass wool absorption materials. The results of these simulations are good agreements with the results of our measurements by transfer function method except in the condition of more than 1 mm diameter of holes.
Validation of a Numerical Model for the Prediction of the Annoyance Condition at the Operator Station of Construction Machines
Authors: Carletti Eleonora , Pedrielli Francesca
Published: November 2016

It is well-known that the reduction of noise levels is not strictly linked to the reduction of noise annoyance. Even earthmoving machine manufacturers are facing the problem of customer complaints concerning the noise quality of their machines with increasing frequency. Unfortunately, all the studies geared to the understanding of the relationship between multidimensional characteristics of noise signals and the auditory perception of annoyance require repeated sessions of jury listening tests, which are time-consuming. In this respect, an annoyance prediction model was developed for compact loaders to assess the annoyance sensation perceived by operators at their workplaces without repeating the full sound quality assessment but using objective parameters only. This paper aims at verifying the feasibility of the developed annoyance prediction model when applied to other kinds of earthmoving machines. For this purpose, an experimental investigation was performed on five earthmoving machines, different in type, dimension, and engine mechanical power, and the annoyance predicted by the numerical model was compared to the annoyance given by subjective listening tests. The results were evaluated by means of the squared value of the correlation coefficient, R2, and they confirm the possible applicability of the model to other kinds of machines.
Advanced Microbubbles as a Multifunctional Platform Combining Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Ni Xianwei , Ye Jinmin , Wang Liping , Xu Shunlong , Zou Chunpeng , Yang Yan , Liu Zhe
Published: November 2016

Microbubbles as traditional ultrasound contrast agents have seen tremendous developments and bio-applications in the past decades. Due to their outstanding performance, advanced microbubbles as a multifunctional platform combining both imaging and therapy have been increasingly attracting attention. Associated with ultrasound-mediated stimuli, targeting drug transportation with high precision can be established and, as a consequence, a synergistic treatment strategy may prevail, which implies a bright perspective for this brand-new technology. This perspective article will summarize the latest developments on the advanced microbubbles, and review their emerging biomedical applications for the vast community of both applied ultrasound and functional ultrasound-based materials.
Design and Implementation of an Optimal Energy Control System for Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Lai Ying-Chih , Ting Wen
Published: November 2016

In conventional flight control design, the autopilot and the autothrottle systems are usually considered separately, resulting in a complex system and inefficient integration of functions. Therefore, the concept of aircraft energy control is brought up to solve the problem of coordinated control using elevator and throttle. The goal of this study is to develop an optimal energy control system (OECS), based on the concept of optimal energy for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The energy of an aircraft is characterized by two parameters, which are specific energy distribution rate, driven by elevator, and total specific energy rate, driven by throttle. In this study, a system identification method was employed to obtain the energy model of a small UAV. The proposed approach consists of energy distribution loop and total energy loop. Energy distribution loop is designed based on linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) regulator and is responsible for regulating specific energy distribution rate to zero. On the other hand, the total energy loop, based on simple gain scheduling method, is responsible for driving the error of total specific energy rate to zero. The implementation of OECS was successfully validated in the hard-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation of the applied UAV.