bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PO-078 Effects of aerobic and resistance training on cardiac diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Li Shunchang , Gao Derun , Laher Ismail , Su Quansheng
Published: October 2018

Objective To compare the effects of two types of physical training on cardiac diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and investigate the role of passive tension regulators—titin and collagen.

Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into two groups: control and diabetes. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups: sedentary rats, rats submitted to aerobic trained and rats submitted to resistance training. Diabetic rats were induced by high-fat diet combined with low-dose injections of streptozocin (STZ). Aerobic trained rats ran on a treadmill at 21m/min for 60 min per day, while resistance trained rats climbed a ladder with incremental loads. The train period lasted for 8 weeks.

Results All diabetic rats had increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), a lower down stroke of the pressure curve (dp/dt min), longer exponential time constants of relaxation (Tau) in relation to control rats, while the protein expression of titin was decreased significantly, and the expression of collagen I, TGFβ1 were increased slightly, the ratio of type I and III collagen was raised in diabetic rats. Both types of training promoted a decrease in FBG and HOMA-IR in diabetic rats. Aerobic exercise trained diabetic rats had significant higher –dp/dtmin, and shorter Tau, but -dp/dtmin and Tau in resistance exercise trained diabetic rats had no significant been improved, even more aggravation. Moreover, aerobic training increased the protein expression of titin and HSP27, and the amount of co-localization of titin and HSP27 elevated, the protein expression of collagen I, TGFβ1 were decreased, and the ratio of type I and type III got close to normal. Resistance training further decreased the expression of titin, collagen I, and TGFβ1, collagen volume fraction (CVF) was increased significantly, and the ratio of type I and III collagen was disturbed, but the co-localization of titin and HSP27 elevated slightly.

Conclusions Aerobic training ameliorates cardiac diastolic dysfunction in diabetes and this improvement may be related to increase titin repaired by HSP27, while resistance training aggravates the cardiac diastolic dysfunction in early diabetes mellitus and it could be caused by worsening myocardial interstitial fibrosis.
PO-082 16-Week high intensity interval training does not alter LKB1 and AMPKα protein in Rats Liver
Authors: Shao Jia , Su Hao , Jiang ZhongYe , Kong ZhenXing , Cao GuoHuan , Wen TianHao , Liu YiYi
Published: October 2018

Objective Liver, as one of the most important organs involved in lipids and glucose metabolism, yet no study has examined the response of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and AMP-activated protein kinase α(AMPKα) signaling after high intensity interval training. This study aims to evaluate the effect of 16-week high intensity interval training intervention on the expression of LKB1、AMPKα in liver of aging rats.

Methods 8 -month-old male Wistar rats（n=40）were randomly divided into control group (C) and HIIT group (H). Group H with 70%-90%-50%VO2max intensity training for 50min/ day, 5 days / week, lasted for 16 weeks. Rats were killed on 0, 8 and 16 weeks. We examined the protein expression of LKB1 and AMPKα in liver. Proteins were analyzed by western blot analysis. Data are mean±SD; for ANOVA, p<0.05 was significant.

Results The AMPKα levels in group C and group H increased with time and there was no significant difference between the groups. The content of LKB1 in group C and group H both increased first and then decreased, but there was no significant difference between the groups.

Conclusions 16-week high intensity interval training intervention had no effect on LKB1, AMPKα protein expression in aging rats.
PO-085 Investigation and assessment of nutritional status among Chinese elite artistic swimming athletes
Authors: Li Liang , Xu Jianfang , Fang Huayu , Wang Xiaojing
Published: October 2018

Objective The sport of artistic swimming is unique which requires a mixture of endurance, power, acrobatics, ﬂexibility, and eurhythmics to produce an artistic performance. Optimal nutrition plays an important role in attaining high level of achievements for artistic swimming athletes, a poor nutritional status will significantly affect their health, athletic performance and post-exercise recovery. However, the assessment of nutritional status among artistic swimming athletes is very lack. The purpose of present study was to assess the nutritional status of Chinese elite artistic swimming athletes and provide suggestions for them to modify their dietary structures.

Methods During the summer training season before the 17th FINA World Championships, 17 Chinese elite artistic swimming female athletes participated in this study. After an overnight fast, the anthropometric data including height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage (BF%), and waist/hip ratio were collected in the early morning around 7 a.m. before breakfast. The 24 hours dietary recall was used to collect dietary intake data of individuals, the athletes were required to record their daily dietary intake in the structured questionnaire for 2 work days and 1 weekend day. During data processing, the cooked foods were converted into raw amounts of each food material by standardized recipe method, and the nutritive value was calculated by using a dietary nutrients analysis software.

Results The athletes were 19.6±1.7 years old and their training age was 10-12 years. The athletes’ BMI was 18.3±1.4 kg/m2, their BF% and waist/hip ratio was 16.6±2.6% and 0.85±0.02 respectively. Even the athletes’ body composition level was in the normal range, the BMI and BF% were lower than Russia and Spain artistic swimming athletes. The daily energy intake was 1528±276 kcal which was composed of 435±50 kcal breakfast, 477±62 kcal lunch, 402±49 kcal supper, and 214±22 kcal snacks. However, the energy intake was much lower than the recommendation of 3500 kcal/day. Carbohydrates provided approximately 51% of total energy which was lower than the practical demands, but both fats and proteins provided more energy (31.3% and 17% respectively) than the recommendations. In addition, the supplementation of many important vitamins and minerals, except vitamin E and sodium, were not reached the recommended level, for example, the consumption of vitamin C and calcium was only 46±12 mg and 430±72 mg per day.

Conclusions The data showed that the nutritional status was unsatisfactory among Chinese elite artistic swimming female athletes, the dietary energy intake and many important vitamins and minerals were much lower than the recommendations. In order to keep healthy and increase the exercise performance, it was suggested that the artistic swimming athletes should modify their dietary structures to supply more energies, vitamins and minerals according to their physical conditions and training arrangements.
PO-086 Exercise enhances cardiac antioxidant capacity in diabetic rats through the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Shiqiang
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the effects of exercise on the myocardial oxidative stress injury of diabetic rats, and discussed the role of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in this process

Methods  Tyep 2 diabetic rat model was established by streptozotocin injection through abdominal cavity and high fat diet. The all the diabetic rats were divided into three groups: control group (NC), diabetes group(T2DM) and diabetes exercise group, NC and T2DM group were kept quiet for 8 weeks, T2DME group was trained for 8 weeks. After the exercise, weight, heart weight and blood were measured. MDA, T-SOD and GSH-PX enzyme were measured by biochemical method. Ho-1, Keap1, Nrf2 gene and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and WesternBlotting.

Results Compared with NC group, the weight of rats in the T2DM group significantly decreased [(528+/-71g vs 362+/-33g), P<0.05], HWI  significantly increased [(2.845+/-0.22 vs 3.841+/-0.21, P <0.05], blood glucose was significantly increased [(6.4±3.8 vs 26±7.5mmol/L), P <0.01],T-SOD and GSH-PX activity decreased significantly (P<0.05), Ho-1 protein expression increased (P<0.01), Keap1 and Nrf2 showed no significant changes, and Nrf2 nuclear transposition decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the T2DM group, no significant change in body weight and heart weight in the T2DME group, with significant decrease in HWI[（3.841±0.21 vs 3.235±0.23），P＜0.05], with significant decrease in blood glucose [（26.0±7.5 vs 21.0±6.8），P＜0.05]. Ho-1 gene and protein expression increased significantly（P＜0.05and P＜0.01）, with no significant change of Keap1, while Nrf2 expression increased significantly (P < 0.05), and Nrf2 nuclear transposition increased significantly (P < 0.01).

Conclusions Exercise activates the myocardial Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats, promotes the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes, increases cardiac antioxidant capacity, and resists diabetic myocardial oxidative stress injury.
PO-004 The influence of lifestyle on the quality of life of breast cancer patients
Authors: Dong Heling , Tian Zhenxiang
Published: October 2018

Objective  To explore the effects of healthy lifestyle such as exercise and diet on health-related quality of life in patients with breast cancer. 

Methods 427 breast cancer patients who met the inclusion criteria were investigated and analyzed. All the patients were collected in the department of oncology of a third-class first-class hospital from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016.

The cancer treatment quality of life core scale (EORTC QLQ-C30) and cancer treatment function evaluation system scale (FACT-B) were used to investigate and collect the questionnaire for statistical analysis of all data.

Results The scores of health-related quality of life were higher in regular exercise than those in non-regular exercise. Patients who ate more than 300g of vegetables per day had higher health-related quality of life scores. The scores of health-related quality of life were higher in patients who ate more than 200g fruit per day (p<0.05). Patients with two healthy lifestyles had higher health-related quality of life scores than patients with one healthy lifestyle (p<0.05).

Conclusions Multi-frequency exercise and adequate intake of vegetables and fruits play a positive role in the health-related quality of life of breast cancer patients. Breast cancer patients with two healthy lifestyles had significantly better health-related quality of life than patients with one healthy lifestyle. Healthy lifestyle with adequate exercise and adequate intake of fruits and vegetables should be paid more attention to in improving the health-related quality of life of breast cancer patients.
PO-005 The Dietary Nutrition Adjustment Continuous 16 Weeks and the Nutrition Supplement Plan after Weighing of Women's Wrestlers
Authors: Liao Jingjing
Published: October 2018

Objective This study develops the nutrition supplement plan after weighing, and research how to supply nutrition in this important time on the basis of the dietary nutrition adjustment in pre-competition. Formulate the nutrition supplement plan for women’s wrestlers by quantized, and evaluate this plan.

Methods To prepare for the key players of the 13th National Games, a 16-week daily dietary adjustment was conducted according to the results of a nutrition survey on the slow-fall-weight control phase before the competition. Routine dietary adjustment was proved by changes in body composition and improvement of anaerobic capacity. The plan was developed, that includes weighing meals, liquid nutritional supplements and inorganic salts solutions after weighing, on the basis of the regulation on nutrition.

Results The balance between the total daily dietary intake and its ratio can make the athlete achieve the ideal effect of weight control in the normal training. Comparing the indicators before and after 16 weeks, it was found that after the athlete's diet was basically balanced and reasonable the body weight decreased significantly, the fat-free body weight remained unchanged, the body fat percentage decreased significantly, and the anaerobic capacity increased significantly. After weighing during the competition nutritional supplement plan can be executed, and the total body water, urine protein, urine specific gravity can be restored to normal levels developed, that includes weighing meals, liquid nutritional supplements and inorganic salts solutions after weighing, on the basis of the regulation on nutrition.

Conclusions This study through the understanding of the basic nutritional status of athletes before the game, according to the conditions of each athlete to give the corresponding dietary guidance, and use 16 weeks to supervise the implementation. Athletes' dietary structure and nutrient intake change significantly, and then the nutrition achieves balanced and reasonable. To investigate the nutritional situation this time, that combined with the characteristics of energy supply and nutritional, which for wrestling athletes, worked out the nutritional supplement plan after weighing by quantitative data. This plan can be performed well; the effect of supplement is improved obviously; and on discomfort appeared during the game by the athletes who performed it. This study is a preliminary exploration of the nutritional supplement plan for athletes during the important recovery phase of the game. Follow-up research will involve more projects in order to promote this special period to other weight-level projects eventually.
PO-009 Exercise Adaptation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers: The Role of MicroRNAs
Authors: Shou Jian , Chen Peijie , Xiao Weihua
Published: October 2018

Objective Explore the relationship between exercise adaptation of skeletal muscle fibers and microRNAs.

Methods Research related papers.

Results endurance training can switch muscle fiber type by promoting microRNAs (miR-208b, miR-499). For example, the conversion from fast Type IIb muscle fibers to slower Type IIx/d muscle fibers, or from Type IIx muscle fibers to Type IIa muscle fibers. Endurance training can also promote the expression of Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and enhance the oxidative potential for slow muscle fibers by inhibiting some microRNAs such as miR-23a. Resistance training can activate insulin-like growth factor-1/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR/P70S6K) pathways and promote fast muscle fibers hypertrophy by inhibiting negative microRNAs (miR-1,miR-133,miR-128a) and promoting positive microRNAs (miR-27,miR-29,miR-486).

Conclusions MicroRNAs play an important role in the exercise adaptation of skeletal muscle fibers.
PO-011 Effect of Exercise on the Body Composition of Simple Obesity in China: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yeting , Fu Yan , Zhang Kang
Published: October 2018

Objective To systematically review the effect of exercise on the body composition of simple obesity in China.

Methods We electronically searched databases including CNKI、VIP、WanFang Data、PubMed、Medline、Web of Science databases to collect the studies on exercise therapy for simple obesity from inception to June 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results  A total of 17 papers involving 627 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:①Exercise significantly ameliorated BMI of obesity children(MD= -2.72，95%CI[-3.83，-1.61]，P<0.00001).②Exercise significantly ameliorated BMI (MD= -3.22，95%CI[-4.10，-2.34]，P<0.00001)、BF% (MD= -4.44，95%CI[-6.09，-2.79]，P<0.00001)、Body Weight(MD= -7.92，95%CI[-11.28，-4.56]，P<0.00001) and waist circumference (MD= -5.01，95%CI[-8.56，-1.46]，P=0.006) of obesity teenagers.③Exercise significantly ameliorated BMI BMI (MD= -3.18，95%CI[-3.64，-2.72]，P<0.00001)、BF% (MD= -0.80，95%CI[-1.53，-0.07]，P=0.03)、Body Weight (MD= -6.56，95%CI[-7.89，-5.23]，P<0.00001)、chest circumference (MD= -4.22，95%CI[-5.00，-3.45]，P<0.00001)、waist circumference (MD= -7.49，95%CI[-9.19，-5.78]，P<0.00001)and hip circumference (MD= -3.68，95%CI[-5.19，-2.17]，P<0.00001) of obesity adults.

Conclusions  Exercise can significantly improve the body composition of simple obesity people in China. Due to the limited quantity and quality of included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
PO-021 The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Alternative Splicing of Lipin1 pre-mRNA and its isoforms
Authors: Bai Xuyang , Wu Baoai , Shi Junzhen , Zhao Infeng
Published: October 2018

Objective Obesity is one of a world-wide chronic diseases, which is the leading cause of cancer, T2D, cardiovascular disease other metabolic complications. Aerobic exercise as a moderate intervention, has potential mechanisms for the loss weight. Lipin1 as a key regulator of lipid metabolism is a member of the Lipin family. Through alternative splicing, Lipin1 exists two isoforms,Lipin1α is mostly expressed in preadipocytes during the initial stages of differentiation, whereas the Lipin1β mainly expressed in mature adipocytes, and is responsible for lipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy.The aim of our present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the levels of Lipin1α、Lipin1β and splicing factor SFRS10.

Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control group(C, n=20) and obesity control group (O, n=20). After 4weeks,mice were further assigned to normal control group (NC,n=10),and control exercise group (CE,n=10),O group ( O, n = 10) and obesity exercise group (OE, n = 10),CE and OE were on aerobic exercised for 8 weeks. RT-PCR was generated to detect Lipin1α、Lipin1βand SFRS10 mRNA expression.

Results The results suggest that the level of lipin1α mRNA was decreased in obesity group. With exercise, levels in CE and OE increased. Furthermore, Lipin1β was increased in obesity group and decrease after aerobic exercise in both CE and OE. We also demonstrated the SFRS10, which can bind to lipin1 exon8 and regulate Lipin1 alternative splicing, had a lower ex pression in obesity group and higher expression in CE and OE. 

Conclusions  Our data suggest that aerobic exercise can reduce body weight by influencing lipin1 pre-mRAN alternative splicing, and change the expression of two isoforms. Besides aerobic exercise can also affect SFRS10 mRNA Levels and change the expression of Lipin1 isoform.
PO-030 Oxidative phosphorylation in response to high intensity interval training
Authors: Laskowski Radosław , Kujach Sylwester , Flis Damian , Chroboczek Maciej , Wąż Piotr , Ziemann Ewa , Olek Robert
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of our study was to investigate  the adaptive effect of six sessions of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on changes in the amount and activity of mitochondrial enzymes.

Methods Twenty seven students (age 21.2±0.9) were assigned to HIIT (n=10) and control (CON, n=17) group and performed six training sessions for 14 days:  6 × 90 s intervals at 80% maximal aerobic power (MAP) output separated by 180 s rest. Pre and post interventions anthropometric measurements, maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) and 3-HydroxyacylCoA (HADH) was determined in muscle samples. The effect of HIIT on proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the skeletal muscle was used via proteomic analysis’s. We took into consideration 89 identified subunits from the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and the ATP synthase complex. For these proteomic tests a muscle biopsy samples from the three representative participants HIIT and three CON before and after training were collected. 

Results Training induced the moderate and large effects in maximal enzymes activities CS and HADH. The HIIT caused the increase of level proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation.

Conclusions HIIT can be an optimal strategy for the prevention of certain civilization diseases or for the rehabilitation of diseases, especially cardiovascular disease.
PO-118 Effects of field-battle hypoxia supporter on free radical metabolism after exercise at high altitude
Authors: Liu Taobo
Published: October 2018

Objective To explore the effects of field-battle hypoxia supporter on free radical metabolism after exercise at high altitude．

Methods A total of 40 healthy fighters stationed in the 3800m plateau for 10 days were randomly divided into two groups. Each group of 20 men, armed with heavy weapons and hypoxia supporter, hiked 5 km and then climbed a 4,300 m peak, a total distance of 10 km. The control group closed the valve of hypoxia supporter without oxygen inhalation, the experimental group opened the valve and inhaled oxygen. The serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at rest and after exercise. In addition, The average marching speed of the two groups were compared．

Results The T-AOC, ROS and MDA were increased both in the control group and experimental group after exercise, and the SOD increased significanly in experimental group (P<0.01)．Compared with control group, the SOD and T-AOC were increase but the ROS and MDA were decreased significanly after exercise(P<0.01)．The average speed of 10km cross-country march in the control group and the experimental group was (3.0±0.3)km/h and (2.3±0.5)km/h respectively, and there were significant differences (P<0.01).

Conclusions The field-battle hypoxia supporter can restrain free radical damage after exercise at high altitude and increase the efficiency of work at high altitude.

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Guangdong Science and Technology Equipment Mobilization project (Research and application of field-battle hypoxia supporter).
PO-120 Research on the fluctuation of Reticulocyte during different altitude training patterns in swimming athletes
Authors: Yang Xiangang , Liu Yang , Qu Chenggang
Published: October 2018

Objective To explore the fluctuation of reticulocyte during different altitude training in swimming athletes and their difference between altitude training focused on special aerobic capacity and altitude training focused on high load and sprint, to provide the theory basis for further analyze the altitude training improve the physiological function and athletic performance.

Methods Twenty female swimming athletes participated in altitude training for four weeks, which could be divided into two patterns, special aerobic capacity group(G1, n=9) and intensity and sprint group(G2, n=11). Fasting venous blood samples were drawn for each week were determined using Beckman Coulter LH780 automated hematology analyzer, including Reticulocyte related parameters such as Reticulocyte percentage (Ret%), Reticulocyte count (Ret#) and immature Reticulocyte fraction (IRF) and also erythrocyte related parameters.

Results (1) In G1, Ret%, Ret# and MRV showed continuous decline and represented minimum level in 4th week. While IRF increased during 2nd and 3rd, and then decreased in 4th week. (2) In G2, Ret%, Ret# and MRV were relatively steady during 1st and 2nd week. Ret% and Ret# gave an increased in 3rd week, and then decreased in 4th week, while MRV decreased in 3rd week and increased in 4th week. IRF significantly decreased in latter period compared to earlier period. (3) There were no significant changes for RBC, HCT and HGB in both G1 and G2. MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW showed improved in later stages compared to their in earlier stages for all in G1, while MCV increased and then decreased, MCH and MCHC continued decline, and RDW kept at sustaining higher levels in G2.

Conclusions (1) Reticulocytes were not in accordance with the trend of erythrocyte during different altitude training. Compared to erythrocyte, the behavior of Reticulocyte could reflect erythropoiesis, and IRF could more sensitively detect the change of bone marrow stimulation in particular.

(2) The variability of Reticulocytes during altitude training was influenced by hypoxia, training and especially their interactive effects. In aspect of training type, it was crucial for considering the fluctuation of training load and athletes’ adaptation during different patterns.
PO-130 Biological Mechanism of Exercise in Improving Dyslipidemia
Authors: Tang Mi , Su Quansheng
Published: October 2018

Objective  The purpose was to further improve the understanding of exercise to improve dyslipidemia and to formulate exercise prescription more scientifically. It provides a reference for the further study of exercise mimics in the treatment of dyslipidemia and helps to reduce the high incidence of dyslipidemia.

Methods Methods of documentation and comparative analysis are applied. 

Results It was found that the effects of exercise on dyslipidemia were beneficial or had no obvious effect on some indexes so far, and had no adverse effect. The biological mechanism of exercise regulating dyslipidemia and the effects of different exercise forms (acute exercise, long-term exercise training, different intensity exercise) on improving dyslipidemia were summarized. It is pointed out that exercise plays an important role in regulating the enzymes and proteins associated with dyslipidemia.  Research from several aspects :exercise to block cholesterol biosynthesis, exercise inhibits cholesterol absorption, exercise affects cholesterol conversion, exercise promotes cholesterol conversion to bile acid, and exercise promotes cholesterol metabolism, exercise regulating triglycerides, etc.

Conclusions The regulation of dyslipidemia is a complex process, involving multiple pathways, multiple gene regulation, and different hypolipidemic pathways.A large number of experimental studies have demonstrated the effect of exercise on the improvement of dyslipidemia, but there are few studies on the biological mechanism of exercise, which need to be further studied.In addition, when chemically synthesized anti-hyperlipidemia drugs have many safety problems, we should increase the in-depth study of sports drugs, especially some natural products, that can simulate exercise effectiveness. In order to better control the high incidence of dyslipidemia, it is necessary to improve the development of exercise mimic drugs in improving dyslipidemia.
PO-132 Exogenous VD3 alleviates chronic fatigue syndrome by activating MEKs/ERKs-SIRT1 signaling pathway in skeletal muscle
Authors: Wu Fangnan , Huder Chaolu , Tian Zhenjun
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous VD3 on exercise-induced chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and its mechanism.

Methods 80 male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups（n=16）. One group was named as quiet control group (C) while the other four were used to build CFS model by forced swimming. Among the four groups, three were selected for feeding VD3 1 h before exercise (bVD), 15 min after starting exercise (mVD) and 1 h after exercise (aVD) respectively, and the group without VD3 feeding was CFS model group (CFS). The behavior and condition of mice was observed during the whole process. After the training was completed totally, the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test were implemented, and then the blood and quadriceps were dissected. Serum testosterone and corticosterone content, as well as the antioxidant system indexes in the quadriceps, including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), were measured. Routine western blotting experimentation was used to measure signal pathway indicators, containing SIRT1, SIRT3, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and MEK1/2.

Results Compared with C group, CFS group appeared serious damage caused by fighting, and the concentration of serum testosterone decreased significantly (p<0.01 or p<0.05) while cortisol concentration increased significantly (p<0.01 or p<0.05). Regarding antioxidant stress system indexes, the expression of MDA, T-SOD and GSH-PX significantly increased (p<0.05). The concentration of MEK and SIRT3 decreased significantly (p<0.01 or p<0.05). Compared with CFS group, VD intervention group (bVD, mVD and aVD) showed less damage caused by fighting and significantly lighter body weight (p<0.05), and the concentration of serum testosterone increased significantly (p<0.05) while that of cortisol decreased significantly (p<0.01 or p<0.05). The expression of MDA decreased significantly (p<0.05), on the countrary, T-AOC, T-SOD and GSH-PX increased significantly (p<0.05). The expressions of MEK, p-ERK/ERK, SIRT1 and SIRT3 were significantly upregulated (p<0.01 or p<0.05).

Conclusions Exogenous VD3 could alleviate CFS, which probably related to activate the MEKs/ERKs-SIRT1 signal transduction axis and hence regulate the expression of SIRT3.
PO-140 Physiological and Molecular Adaptations to Concurrent Training in Combination with High Protein Availability
Authors: Shamim Baubak , Devlin Brooke , Timmins Ryan , Dow Connor Lee , Coffey Vernon , Camera Donny
Published: October 2018

Objective Attenuated muscle strength, hypertrophy and power adaptations with combined resistance and endurance (‘concurrent’) training may result from blunted cell signalling. Protein intake potentiates anabolic signalling pathways to facilitate adaptation. We hypothesized that 12 wk concurrent training with a high protein diet would elicit similar adaptations to a) strength, hypertrophy and power compared to resistance training alone, and b) aerobic capacity compared to endurance training.

Methods Thirty-two recreationally active males (age 25±5y; BMI 24±3kg•m-2; mean±SD) performed 12 wk of either resistance (RES; n=10) or endurance (END; n=10) training (3x•w-1), or concurrent training (CET; n=12; 6x•w-1) with a high-protein (2g•kg-1•d-1) diet. Strength (1RM), aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and anaerobic power (Wingate) were assessed PRE and POST. Vastus lateralis biopsies (immunoblotting) and thickness (ultrasound) were assessed PRE, after week 4 (WK4) and 8 (WK8), and POST. Changes were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures.

Results Muscle thickness increased PRE to POST by 18% in CET, 14% in RES and 10% in END (P<0.001) and was greater in CET and RES compared to END (P<0.05). Leg press 1RM increased PRE to POST by 24% in CET and 33% in RES (P<0.01) but was not different between CET and RES. VO2peak (L•min-1) increased PRE to POST by 7% in CET and 12% in END (P<0.05) but was not different between CET and END. Wingate peak power (N•kg-1) increased PRE to POST by 10% in RES (P<0.01) and was greater compared to CET and END (P<0.05). Total mTORC1 increased PRE to POST in CET (P<0.001) and was greater in CET compared to RES and END (P<0.01) and RES compared to END (P<0.05).

Conclusions Despite a high protein intake, concurrent training selectively attenuates developments to anaerobic power compared to resistance training. High protein availability may be effective for curtailing interferences to strength and hypertrophy with concurrent training.
PO-143 Effects of treadmill exercise on the expression of corticostriatal mGluRs in hemiparkinsonian rats
Authors: Shi Kaixuan , Liu Xiaoli , Qiao Decai
Published: October 2018

Objective Exercise therapy has been widely used for the clinical treatment of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, the rehabilitation mechanisms involved remain clear. mGluRs play an important role in the progression of PD. In this study, immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of presynaptic corticostriatal mGluR2/3 and postsynaptic mGluR5, and we attempted to investigate the molecular basis of the reconstruction of functional connectivity in the corticostriatal pathways from a mGluR perspective.

Methods Male SD rats (230–250 g) were used as subjects in this experiment. After 1 week of habituation, the rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (Control, n = 24), PD group (PD, n = 24) and PD with exercise group (PD + Ex, n = 24). The experimental models were prepared by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (2 μg/L, 8 μg) into the medial forebrain bundle, and the control group was administered an equivalent dose of saline solution. The models were evaluated with the apomorphine (APO)-induced rotation test. Two weeks postoperatively, exercise intervention was applied to the PD + Ex group for 4 weeks. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the expression of presynaptic corticostriatal mGluR2/3 and postsynaptic mGluR1/5.

Results Results showed that the PD + Ex group had a significantly higher level of mGluR2/3 expression (P < 0.01) and significantly lower level of mGluR1/5 expression (P < 0.05) compared with the PD group.

Conclusions Exercise intervention significantly increased the expression of mGluR2/3 and simultaneously reduced the expression of mGluR5, indicating that mGluRs can improve the behavioral function of PD rat models through exercise, and that the reconstruction of the functional connectivity of corticostriatal pathways plays an important role in nervous system regulation.
PO-153 The metabolic changes in the hippocampus of an atherosclerotic rat model and the regulation of exercise
Authors: Liu Beibei , Lou Shujie
Published: October 2018

Objective atherosclerosis has been associated with the progression of cognitive impairment and dementia. Several features, such as high oxygen consumption, a large content of peroxidation-sensitive polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a strong dependency on the supply of glucose make the brain vulnerable to even small metabolic changes. The hippocampus is closely related to memory and learning function, and prone to ischemic injury. However, using metabolomics technology to explore metabolites of hippocampus from atherosclerosis animals is rarely reported. We aim to reveal the metabolic changes during atherosclerosis, and clarify the possible role of exercise in regulating hippocampus metabolism.

Methods we established a rat model of atherosclerosis(n=18) along with control group (n=10). The model group was assigned into the AS group (n=8) and the TAS group (n=8), which was intervened by running exercise for 4 weeks. A Y maze test was performed to evaluate initial memory. Metabolomics based on GC-MS was applied to detect small molecules metabolites in rat hippocampus.

Results we found that the AS and TAS group both showed elevation in HDL, meanwhile decrement in TC and LDL after 4 weeks’ intervention. The behavioral test showed rats from AS group entered less frequently into and spent less time in the novel arm than rats from C group (P<0.01), while other indexes showed no difference. Compared to the C group, metabolites including xylulose 5-phosphate, threonine, succinate and nonanoic acid were markedly elevated, whereas methyl arachidonic acid and methyl stearate decreased in the AS group. Meanwhile, the levels of succinic acid, branched chain amino acids, nonanoic acid and desmosterol decreased, whereas methyl arachidonic acid, methyl stearate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate elevated in the hippocampus of the TAS group in comparison with the AS group.

Conclusions A series of metabolic changes implicated in the hippocampus of atherosclerotic rats, including a decrease in anaerobic glycolysis and TCA cycle, an activation of pentose phosphate pathway, and a disturbance in fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol synthesis, which could lead to insufficient ATP in the hippocampus and related to the behavioral changes of atherosclerotic rats, while running exercise may take part in regulating metabolism to normal state in the hippocampus of atherosclerotic rats.
PO-154 Exercise induced redistribution of oxygen in internal organs
Authors: Cao Wei , Wu Die , Luo Beibei , Xiang Dao , Chen Peijie
Published: October 2018

Objective Exercise induces tissue blood flow redistribution, which decreases splanchnic circulation and leads to physiologic hypoxia in the gastrointestinal (GI) system and liver.  We hypothesized that the oxygen redistribution in the internal organs is affected by exercise.

Methods Twenty–four female 8-10wk ROSA26 ODD-Luc/+ mice (n= 6 per group) were used in this study. Three exercise models were conducted: (1) Moderate Exercise (ME): mice voluntarily swam for 30 min. (2) Heavy-intensity Exercise (HE): mice swam for 1.5 hours with 5% body weight loads attached to their tails. (3) Long-time Exercise (LE): mice voluntarily swam for 3 hours or till fatigue. Sedentary mice (SED) were used as controls. A hypoxic marker pimonidazole HCl was applied to detect tissue hypoxia. Pimonidazole HCl forms protein adducts when PO2 is under 10 mmHg. An hour after intraperitoneal injection of pimonidazole HCl (60 mg/kg body weight), the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane then sacrificed. The small intestine, colon, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, spleen and kidney specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with a specific monoclonal antibody against the pimonidazole HCl protein adducts to observe the hypoxic level of internal organs.

Results (1) The distributions of immunostaining intensity of pimonidazole HCl were different among the internal organs. In the kidney, the renal tubules demonstrated staining for hypoxia. In the liver, the positive staining was radiating outwards from central veins. In the small intestine and colon, there was the retention of pimonidazole HCl from the crypt to villus. (2) In the ME group, the extent of hypoxia in the kidney, liver and colon was increased compared with the SED. We found the small intestine is susceptible to exercise-induced tissue hypoxia distribution. Exercise resulted in a markedly increased staining in the crypts, whereas decreased staining in the villus. Intensified positive stains were observed in the nuclei of hypoxic cells, mostly in ME and HE groups. (3) The heart, skeletal muscle and spleen were not shown positive staining pre- and post-exercise.

Conclusions This study presented evidences that exercise induces the oxygen redistribution in the small intestine, colon, liver and kidney. The small intestine is susceptible to exercise induced physiological hypoxia.
PO-159 Swimming improves metabolic syndrome by regulation insulin sensitivity and monosaccharide transporter proteins activity via NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Li Sen , Huang Jianya
Published: October 2018

Objective Diabetes is one kind of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome due to insulin secretion defects or/and biological function damage. Evidences have suggested that sports plays essential role in the progression of diabetes and affects insulin resistance and monosaccharide transporter proteins activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between sports and diabetes by evaluation the insulin sensitivity and monosaccharide transporter proteins activity.

Methods A db/db mice model of type-ІІ diabetes mellitus was used to analyze the efficacy of swimming in the processes of glucose and insulin. Body weight, glucose metabolism and insulin serum levels were studied in experimental mice. Expression levels of inflammatory factors of IL-1, IL-17, TGF-β and VEGF in the serum was analyzed in the experimental mice. Expression levels of sirtuin-1 and NF-κB signaling pathway was investigate in the lives. Histological analysis was studied the therapeutic effects of swimming on mice with type-ІІ diabetes.

Results Our results indicated that swimming up-regulated metabolism of glucose and insulin. Sport of swimming enhanced the consumption of fat and fatty acid in the mice with diabetes. In addition, expression levels of inflammatory factors of IL-1, IL-17, TGF-β and VEGF in the serum were down-regulated by swimming in the mice with diabetes. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and sirtuin-1 expression levels were up-regulated in the liver in the experimental mice after receive swimming. Furthermore, we observed that swimming improved insulin sensitivity and monosaccharide transporter proteins (MTP) activity in liver in the experimental mice after receive swimming. Histological analysis showed that TTLR4 and sirtuin-1 accumulation were significantly decreased in the live in mice treated by swimming. NF-κB activity and expression levels of p65,IKK-β and IκBα were up-regulated in the mice receiving swimming.

Conclusions  In conclusion, these results indicate that swimming is beneficial for glucose and insulin metabolism for type-ІІ diabetes mice, which further improves metabolic syndrome by regulation insulin sensitivity and monosaccharide transporter proteins activity via NF-κB signaling pathway.
PO-160 Effect of exercise intervention on the synaptic transmission efficiency of cortical-striatum in PD mice
Authors: Zhao Gang , Zhang Danyu , Qiao Decai , Liu Xiaoli
Published: October 2018

Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and decreased levels of striatal dopamine. Previous studies have confirmed that striatum dysfunction is an important cause of behavioral dysfunction in PD mice, and changes in cortical-striatum synaptic transmission may play an important role in PD pathology. This experiment will use the patch clamp to explore the effect of exercise intervention on the synaptic transmission efficiency of cortical-striatum in PD mice.

Methods The experimental animals (C57 mice male, 4 weeks) were randomly divided into normal group(N), PD group(PD)and PD exercise group(PD+EX）.PD mice models were established by injection of 6-OHDA in the striatum (4μg/position, AP + 0.5mm ML - 1.8mm DV - 3.0mm and- 2.0mm). Apomorphine(APO) rotation experiments were performed one week later to identify the model. The formal exercise intervention program was 16m/min, 40min/d, 5d/week,4 weeks（after the adaptive training, total of five weeks of treadmill exercise）. At the end of the intervention, brain slices (350μm) were prepared from each group of mice. The maximum striatum fEPSP (field excitatory postsynaptic potential, fEPSP) and striatum fEPSP under increasing stimulation intensity were recorded.

Results 1.The results of APO rotation experiment: PD mice modeled 16/21(205.25±36.46 r higher than the standard). 2.N mice the maximum fEPSP amplitude is 1.9199±0.213mv(n=8)；PD: 1.0129±0.140 mv(n=8); PD+EX: 1.3221±.0865mv(n=8).There are significant differences between groups(P＜0.05). 3. There is a significant decrease in the slope of I-O curve in the PD mice compared with the N mice. And compared with the PD mice, the slope of I-O curve in PD+EX mice was increase(P＜0.05).

Conclusions 1. 6-OHDA induced PD model was successfully established. The striatum function was abnormal in the pathological state of PD, and the exercise intervention enhanced the activity of the striatum. 2. The cortical-striatum synaptic transmission efficiency is reduced in the PD state, and the exercise intervention improved the cortical-striatum synaptic transmission efficiency.
PO-161 Effect of different type of exercise on mitochondrial homeostasis in rats with myocardial infarction
Authors: Bo Hai , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the different effect of moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) and high-intensity interval exercise training (HIT) on ventricular remodeling and mitochondrial homeostasis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods The AMI rat model was achieved by ligating coronary artery. The AMI and sham operation rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (Sham), AMI control group (AMI), AMI MCT group (AMI+M), and AMI HIT group (AMI+H). Animals in the AMI+M and AMI+H groups underwent 4 weeks MCT and HIT respectively. Five weeks after AMI, hemodynamic changes, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and PINK1, Beclin1, Mfn2, Drp1, Tfam, COXⅣ, PGC-1α were detected.

Results Comparing with AMI group, in AMI+M and AMI+H groups, Beclin1 (146.33±18.47, 143.28±16.96.vs. 123.27±13.27, P<0.05), PINK1 (150.33±20.54, 152.28±18.34.vs. 125.27±17.67, P<0.05), Mfn2 (122.28±18.81, 117.19±17.04.vs. 46.27±6.72, P<0.01), and PGC-1α (82.15±16.58, 102.25±13.27.vs. 60.27±9.36, P<0.05~0.01) expression elevated significantly, whereas ROS generation (122.28±18.81, 117.19±17.04.vs. 46.27±6.72, P<0.01) and Drp1 expression (9.58±1.40, 10.18±1.37.vs. 15.85±1.61, P<0.05) showed dramatic decrease. In addition, in AMI+H group, +dp/dt max (6326±325.vs. 5368±271, P<0.05), -dp/dt max (-5312±246.vs. -4457±250, P<0.05), mitochondrial membrane potential (85.24±11.94.vs. 71.28±8.34, P<0.05), ATP synthesis activity (38.77±5.16.vs. 32.33±4.14, P<0.05), Tfam (95.25±12.05.vs. 78.27±12.22, P<0.05) and COXⅣ (89.25±14.06.vs. 67.27±13.71, P<0.05) expression improved significantly. Comparing with AMI+M group, in AMI+H group, +dp/dt max (6326±325.vs. 5775±310, P<0.05), -dp/dt max (-5312±246.vs. -4778±305, P<0.05), PGC-1α (102.25±13.27.vs. 82.15±16.58 1, P<0.05), Tfam (95.25±12.05.vs. 80.15±11.99, P<0.05) and COXⅣ(89.25±14.06.vs. 72.15±10.89, P<0.05) expression improved significantly.

Conclusions High-intensity interval exercise training is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training for ameliorating ventricular remodeling and mitochondrial homeostasis after acute myocardial infarction.
PO-162 ELABELA Facilitates Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection in Post-Infarction Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Xi Yue , Li Yongxia , Hao Meili , Shi Lin , Gong Dawei , Tian Zhenjun
Published: October 2018

Objective Exercise has been reported to have positive function after myocardial infarction (MI), but the mechanisms of exercise-induced cardioprotection are poorly understood. ELABELA (ELA) is a hormone and plays a vital role in cardiovascular system. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect and the mechanisms of exercise and exogenous ELA administration on cardioprotection in MI rat.

Methods MI was established by left coronary artery ligation. MI rats underwent 4 weeks of sustainedaerobic exercise and Fc-ELA-21 or Fc-ELA-32 injection. H9C2 cells were treated by ELA-14 peptide. Akt signal was inhibited by LY294002. Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamics; Myocardium fibrosis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis were visualized by Masson’s staining, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL, respectively; Protein expression was quantified by Western blotting.

Results Exercise induced angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte proliferation, reduced fibrosis and improved the function of MI heart. Fc-ELA-21 injection further facilitated the exercise-induced cardioprotection effects. APJ expression was up-regulated and Akt-mTOR-P70S6K signal was activated by both exercise and Fc-ELA-21. In H9C2 cells, ELA-14 activated Akt signal by dose dependent manner. Akt signal inhibitioninvalidated ELA-14 function. Fc-ELA-32 directly improved structural and functional recovery of post-MI hearts.

Conclusions ELA is a heart protector and facilitates exercise-induced cardioprotectionthrough Akt-mTOR-P70S6K signal inpost-infarction cardiac remodeling.