bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verification of Maternal Transmission of Wolbachia in Field-collected Aedes Albopictus and Aedes Aegypti Using a Combination of Wolbachia and Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing
Authors: Regilme Maria Angenica F. , Inukai Tatsuya , Watanabe Kozo
Published: July 2021

Wolbachia is the most common bacterial endosymbiont of arthropods, such as the medically important Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. Both Wolbachia and mitochondrial DNA are maternally inherited. This study collected 12 adult Aedes albopictus and 359 Aedes aegypti from 183 households in a dengue-prone area, Manila, Philippines, between June and September 2017. Aedes larvae (n = 509) were also collected from 17 water containers from 11 households. The DNA of the Aedes larvae and adults were screened for the presence of Wolbachia using the wsp and 16S markers, following optimized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions, and sequenced. We also performed PCR using the mitochondrial DNA cox1 marker and sequenced the Wolbachia-positive samples. Our results showed that three out of 359 (0.84%) adult Ae. aegypti and 12 out of 12 (100%) adult Ae. albopictus were Wolbachia positive, while all of the larvae tested negative for Wolbachia (0/509; 0%). The wsp marker revealed six Wolbachia-positive Ae. albopictus, while the 16S marker showed Wolbachia in three Ae. aegypti and 10 Ae. albopictus. Three Wolbachia-positive Ae. albopictus from one household were found to have a single haplotype for all Wolbachia (wsp and 16S) and mitochondrial cox1 markers. This result indicates maternal transmission of Wolbachia in the household because siblings of a Wolbachia-infected mother mosquito share the Wolbachia and mitochondrial genomes. Our results showed the feasibility of combined sequencing analyses of Wolbachia (wsp and 16S) and mitochondrial DNA to test maternal transmission in field-collected mosquitoes.
Temporal Trends in Tolvaptan Use After Revision of National Heart Failure Guidelines in Japan
Authors: Yamazaki Yusuke , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kohsaka Shun , Nagatomo Yuji , Fukuda Keiichi , Kohno Takashi , Yoshikawa Tsutomu
Published: July 2021

Within no definite diuretic protocol for acute heart failure (AHF) patients and its variation in regional clinical guidelines, the latest national guidelines in Japan commends use of tolvaptan in diuretic-resistant patients. This study aimed to examine trends in tolvaptan usage and associated outcomes of AHF patients requiring hospitalization. Between April, 2018 and October, 2019, 1343 consecutive AHF patients (median 78 [69–85] y/o) were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter registry in Japan. Trends over time in tolvaptan usage, along with the severity of heart failure status based on the Get With The Guideline-Heart Failure [GWTG-HF] risk score, and in-hospital outcomes were investigated. During the study period, tolvaptan usage has increased from 13.0% to 28.7% over time (p for trend=0.07), and 49.4% started tolvaptan within 3 days after admission. The GWTG-HF risk score in the tolvaptan group has significantly decreased over time, while that in the non-tolvaptan group has unchanged. There were no differences in the in-hospital mortality rate between the patients with and without tolvaptan (6.7% vs. 5.8%). After revision of the Japanese clinical practice guidelines for AHF in March 2018, tolvaptan usage for AHF patients has steadily increased. However, in-hospital outcomes including mortality do not seem to be affected.
The Dynamics of Cooperation in Society. The ECHO-EGN Model
Authors: Madeo Dario , Salvatore Sergio , Mannarini Terri , Mocenni Chiara
Published: July 2021

Understanding the dynamics of cooperative behavior of individuals in complex societies represents a fundamental research question which puzzles scientists working in heterogeneous fields. Many studies have been developed using the unitary agent assumption, which embeds the idea that when making decisions, individuals share the same socio-cultural parameters. In this paper, we propose the ECHO-EGN model, based on Evolutionary Game Theory, which relaxes this strong assumption by considering the heterogeneity of three fundamental socio-cultural aspects ruling the behavior of groups of people: the propensity to be more cooperative with members of the same group (Endogamy), the propensity to cooperate with the public domain (Civicness) and the propensity to prefer connections with members of the same group (Homophily). The ECHO-EGN model is shown to have high performance in describing real world behavior of interacting individuals living in complex environments. Extensive numerical experiments allowing the comparison of real data and model simulations confirmed that the introduction of the above mechanisms enhances the realism in the modelling of cooperation dynamics. Additionally, theoretical findings allow us to conclude that Endogamy may limit significantly the emergence of cooperation.
Pacing strategy during cross-country short track mountain bike event
Authors: Arriel Rhaí André , Marocolo Moacir
Published: July 2021

Although in recent years, cross-country short track (XCC) mountain biking became more popular among athletes and coaches, no study has analyzed the main determinants of performance in this modality. Thus, this study investigates performance and pacing profile of professional cross-country cyclists on different technical sections during a XCC competition. Twenty male professional cross-country cyclists (25.9 ± 5.4 years; eight under 23 and twelve elite), performed 6 laps of a XCC 2020 UCI International Mountain Bike Cup. Average speed (lap by lap and in five different technical sections of the track) were analyzed according to athletes, categories and race performance group. For race performance analyses, cyclists were divided into 4 groups (1-4; n=5 each), according to total race time, presenting group 1 the better performance. In general, XCC athletes adopted a positive pacing profile during competition but no differences in speed over the race or in each circuit section were found between categories (p > 0.05). Race performance groups adopted different pacing profiles: group 1 maintained a more even pacing profile, groups 2 and 3 adopted a positive pacing profile and group 4 adopted a reverse J-shaped pacing profile. No difference in speed was found between categories across track sections. Group 1 was 17.9% and 8.3% faster than the group 4 (p < 0.05) on the non-technical uphill section and more technical uphill/downhill section, respectively. A general positive pacing profile during XCC is adopted by the mainly of athletes and this choice of pacing profile is influenced by race performance, regardless of cyclist category. Furthermore, physical fitness is more relevant than technical ability in this competition.
Online voting behaviour, public content preferences, and content complexity of movies and digital entertainment since the late 19th century
Authors: Moustakas Aristides , Firdaus Mohammad
Published: July 2021

Analysis of cinema and electronic art contents into quantifiable characteristics could provide insights on important elements of human behaviour such as voting behaviour, appreciation, and emotions regarding content. Analysis of movies, series, TV programs, and video games, were performed mining the IMBD database and merging datasets. Data analytics were performed including the relationship between the number of votes and rating, rating and content as timeseries, and multivariate statistical analysis between content and rating as well as production type and rating. Content complexity (i.e. the number of different genre) was also analyzed regarding rating. Results indicated that there is an overall positive relationship between the number of votes and rating for low, intermediate, and high number of votes, while very high number of votes is related with a partisan voting behaviour resulting in negative rating. Adult rated content is declining over the past three decades. Violent content is expressed via other forms of content through time, switching from war to horror. Diversity of content was the highest rated content type linked with diversity and complexity of feelings and emotions. Among all production types, video games were the highest rated ones related with integrative social behaviour with other users or addiction.
Pre-Tax Wage and Salary Income Inequalities in Largest Metropolitan Areas in the United States
Authors: Ray Achintya
Published: July 2021

The distribution of pre-tax wages and salaries for employed individuals between the ages of 18-65 in the ten largest metropolitan areas of the USA are studied in this paper using the American Community Survey data from 2019. The included metropolitan areas are Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Chicago–Naperville-Elgin, Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, New York-Newark-Jersey City, Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, and Washington-Arlington-Alexandria. These ten metropolitan areas employed over 39 million individuals representing well over a quarter of the total employed labour force in the USA. Mean, median, standard error of the mean, 25th percentile, 50th percentile, and the Gini coefficient of pre-tax wages and salaries are presented for each metropolitan area. The metros differ significantly in terms of average pre-tax wages and salaries. They differ significantly in terms of the spread in the distribution of pre-tax wages and salaries measured both in terms of the inter-quartile range (the difference between 75th and 25th percentiles) and the Gini coefficient. San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward is found to have both the highest average pre-tax wages and salaries and widest inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient. The Smallest Gini coefficient is observed in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria metropolitan area. Inequality measured in terms of the Gini coefficient is nearly 15% higher in San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward as compared to Washington-Arlington-Alexandria. The average pre-tax wages and salaries are about 83% higher in San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward than Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, the lowest in the nation. While aggregate nationwide inequalities attract intense attention, these regional variations point to significant and wide-ranging variations between different regions (metropolitan cities). By focusing on the pre-tax wages and salaries, this study allows us to tie inequalities that are most closely related to the labour market conditions, unlike other sources of income like capital gains, inheritance, government transfers, etc.
A Constructivist Approach to Visualise Organisational Agility
Authors: Bundtzen Henning , Heckmann Mark , Hinrichs Gerriet
Published: July 2021

The research question we would like to answer with this article is if agile related constructs or personal assessment criteria can be elicited from a personal construct system of employees and leaders by carrying out a repertory grid study in an organisation. The methodology of personal construct psychology was chosen to get an unbiased view of the corporate culture. In a plannable world an organisational structure with a hierarchy of executives and managers following a vertical top-down approach makes sense. A world that is volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) requires a different model to organisational design. Horizontal integration that fosters involvement and empowerment has proven to be an agile response to this new environment. Consequently, agile management methods are a key instrument for an organisation to prepare for future challenges in a competitive industry. But how can an organisation assess its own agile status quo? This research uses personal construct psychology (PCP) to visualize the agility status of an organisation. A range of recent empirical and practical research articles were studied to filter the most relevant practices and critical factors of organisational agility. The findings are compared to a data basis generated by 61 repertory grid interviews carried out in a SME to evaluate whether personal construct theory is a suitable approach to assess the agility status of an organisation. The findings are visualised with a repertory grid software using Generalised Procrustes Analysis (GPA). This methodology creates a 3D visualisation of the agile assessment criteria derived from the interviews. By comparing the spatial distances between construct clusters and elements the researcher and reader able to assess whether an organisation has incorporated agile practices and traits or can further advance to react more agile and flexible to external forces. Repertory grid structured interviews based on PCP generate simultaneously quantitative and qualitative results. As these are compared to the literature-based findings, it reflects a triangulation research approach.
A Study and Analysis of Investment Banking and Regional Development Among European Economy
Authors: Prabhu J. Jose
Published: July 2021

Investment banks are financial intermediaries that specialize in the sale of securities and the issuance and underwriting of new shares to raise capital financing. Investment banking is a special segment of banking that assists individuals or organizations to raise capital in the main market. In the tea market, new securities are issued and act on behalf of customers, thus playing an important role in the secondary market. Investment banks undertake new debt or equity securities for all types of businesses, support the sale of securities, and facilitate mergers and acquisitions by institutional and individual investors. Investment banking organizations act as intermediaries between investors and capital markets. Investment banks are becoming important in European capital markets due to many factors including the perception of investment banks among investors and the various other functions implemented by investment banks. The research paper aims to show the role of investment banks in the current scenario. This study is descriptive in nature and uses auxiliary data. The study reveals the growth, development, function and role of investment banking in the European economy. The main objective of this investigation is to clarify how investment banks play a role in increasing a country’s resources and economic growth. It analyzes the various functions performed by investment banks. Investment banks connect the people who sell securities with their investors. Investment banks add liquidity to the market. Investment banks promote savings and investment and eliminate capital shortages. Mobilize small, scattered savings in the community so you can invest in productive businesses. He concluded that the role of investment banks in economic development is important.
Temperature and Different Organs Create Volatile Profile Differences of Edible Gynura [Gynura bicolor (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC]
Authors: Ho Chia-Hsun , Yang Man-Hsia , Lin Huey-Ling
Published: July 2021

The volatile profile of the edible vegetable Gynura bicolor [Gynura bicolor (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC] was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Isocaryophyllene (23.2%), α-pinene (16.8%), α-humulene (9.1%), β-pinene (7.3%), and copaene (7.0%) were identified as the major compounds in the leaves. In the stems, α-pinene (27.1%), β-pinene (13.0%), isocaryophyllene (7.8%), β-myrceneb (7.8%), 1-undecene (5.7%), and copaene (5.3%) were the main components. G. bicolor grows best at 25 °C. When cultivated at different temperatures (20 to 35 °C in incements of 5 °C), the volatile profiles shifted. The proportion of isocaryophyllene was lower at 20 °C than at the other temperatures. The relative amounts of α-pinene and α-humulene were highest at 20 °C, whereas copaene was highest at 35 °C. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore the correlation between volatile compounds identified from the vegetative tissues and temperature treatments. It reveals the same trend with the previous statements and the first principal component (PC1) and the second principal component (PC2) explains up to 90% of the variance. Experimental results revealed that both temperature and vegetative organ correlate with the volatile emission profile of G. bicolor.
Blue Light Monochromatic Irradiation for 12 Hours in Lighting Pattern with Combinations of Blue and Red Light Elongates Young Cos Lettuce Leaves and Promotes Growth under High Daily Light Integral
Authors: Jishi Tomohiro , Matsuda Ryo , Fujiwara Kazuhiro
Published: July 2021

Cos lettuce was grown under different spectral photon flux density distribution (SPFD) change patterns with blue- and/or red light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation with a 24-hour cycle. Twelve treatments were designed with a combination of four relative SPFD (RSPFD) change patterns and three photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) levels. The RSPFD change patterns were as follows: BR/BR, simultaneous blue- and red-light irradiation (BR) for 24 h; R/BR, red-light monochromatic irradiation (R) for 12 h followed by 12 hours of BR; B/BR, blue-light monochromatic irradiation (B) for 12 hours followed by 12 hours of BR; and B/R, 12 hours of B followed by 12 hours of R. Each RSPFD change pattern was conducted at three daily average photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDave) of 50, 100, and 200 µmol·m−2·s−1. The RSPFD change patterns that included B (B/BR and B/R) resulted in elongated leaves. A low ratio of active phytochrome to total phytochrome under B was considered the reason for leaf elongation. Shoot dry weight was significantly greater under the RSPFD change patterns that included B when the PPFDave was 200 µmol·m−2·s−1. The leaf elongation caused by B would have increased the amount of light received and thereby promoted growth. However, excessive leaf elongation caused the plants to fall, and growth was not promoted under the RSPFD change patterns that included B when the PPFDave was 50 µmol·m−2·s−1. Thus, 12-hour B promoted growth under conditions in which leaf elongation leads to increases in the amount of light received.
Olivine in picrites from continental flood basalt provinces classified using machine learning
Authors: Cheng Lilu , Wang Yu , Yang Zongfeng
Published: July 2021

Picrites, dominantly composed of highly forsteritic olivine, can serve as important constraints on primary magma composition and eruption dynamic processes in global continental flood basalt (CFB) provinces. Picrites are commonly divided into high-Ti and low-Ti groups based on whole-rock TiO2 content or Ti/Y ratio. Here, we use an artificial neural network (ANN) to classify the individual olivine in picrites from global CFB provinces according to whether their parental magma is high-Ti or low-Ti to better understand the primary origin and magmatic processes. After training the ANN on 1000 olivine major element compositions data points, the network was able to differentiate chemical patterns for high-Ti and low-Ti olivine and classify olivine into correct types with an accuracy of >95%. Moreover, we find that two types of olivine mix in some single samples from Etendeka, Emeishan, and Karoo CFB provinces. Combining the results with chemical markers of source lithology, we suggest that the two types of olivine originate from two different sources and their olivine populations mixed during the ascent. This mixing then makes the spatial and temporal variation of picrites types in some CFB provinces unclear.
THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE ECO SWISS DECISION OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE INTRA-EU INVESTMENT TREATY ARBITRATIONS
Authors: SİRMEN Kazım Sedat
Published: July 2021

One of the interesting definitions of public policy was seen in the quoted passage of the US Supreme Court Judge Cardozo. According to Cardozo, foreign judge shall not discard the foreign law unless it violates some fundamental principle of rights, some common conception of good morals, some deep-rooted tradition of the common weal. In private international law, especially when the forum judge needs to functionalize the notion of public policy, the interest of the private international law may stay behind the interests of substantial law. Public policy has different functions in conflicts of law and in the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards or court decisions. On the other hand, triggering off the institution of the public policy must be exceptional, and this is the most important distinction between the public policy and the mandatory rules. This distinction could not be pointed out properly in Eco Swiss case where the Court of Justice of European Union (CJEU) has qualified the mandatory rules of competition law in the Treaty within the concept of public policy. In the subsequent court decisions that supervise the intra-EU investment arbitral awards, however, the concept of public policy was interpreted more accurately, and the judges did not prefer to apply the concept of public policy to set aside the arbitral awards.
Perceived health risk, online retail ethics, and consumer behavior within online shopping during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fihartini Yuniarti , Helmi Arief , Hassan Meydia , Marty Oesman Yevis
Published: July 2021

The risk of virus contracting during the COVID-19 pandemic has changed consumer preference for online shopping to meet their daily needs than shopping in brick-and-mortar stores. Online shopping presents a different environment, atmosphere, and experience. The possibility of ethical violations is higher during online than face-to-face transactions. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the influence of perceived health risk and customer perception of online retail ethics on consumer online shopping behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, involving seven variables, namely perceived health risk, security, privacy, non-deception, reliability fulfillment, service recovery, and online shopping behavior. The data were collected through an online survey by employing the purposive sampling technique to a consumer who has shopped online during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. 315 valid responses were obtained and analyzed through quantitative method using SEM-Amos. The results showed that perceived health risk and four variables of online retail ethics including security, privacy, reliability fulfillment, and service recovery affected online shopping behavior. Meanwhile, non-deception was found to have an insignificant effect. The coefficient value proved perceived health risk to be more dominant in influencing online shopping behavior than the variables of online retail ethics. Thus, consumers pay more concern for their health during online shopping. However, positive consumer perceptions of the behavior of online retail websites in providing services also can encourage consumers to shop online during this pandemic.
Özel Yetenekli Öğrencilerin Psikolojik Sağlamlığının Yordayıcıları: Benlik Saygısı, Akran İlişkileri ve Ebeveyn Tutumları
Authors: YÖRÜK TOPUZ İrem , CİHANGİR ÇANKAYA Zeynep
Published: July 2021

Giriş: Bu araştırma, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinde benlik saygısının, anne baba tutumlarının ve akran ilişkilerinin rolünü incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda araştırmada “özel yetenekli öğrencilerin benlik saygısı, ebeveyn tutumları ve akran ilişkilerinden aldıkları puanların psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerini yordama gücü nedir?” sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, üç ayrı Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi’ne devam eden, toplam 219 öğrenciden (6., 7., 8., 9. sınıf ve lise hazırlık sınıfı öğrencisi) oluşmuştur. Araştırma verileri Ergen Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği, Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği Kısa Formu, Anne-Baba Tutum Ölçeği ve Akran İlişkileri Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Ölçeklerden elde edilen veriler çoklu regresyon analizi ile çözümlenmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırma sonuçları anne babadan alınan kabul/ilginin ve psikolojik özerklik desteğinin, benlik saygısı ve akran ilişkileri değişkenlerinin, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerini anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığını, anne babanın kontrol/denetleme davranışlarının ise anlamlı bir şekilde yordamadığını ortaya koymuştur. Anne babadan alınan kabul/ilginin, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin psikolojik sağlamlığının en güçlü yordayıcısı olduğu görülmüştür.Tartışma: Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, benlik saygısının, aile ve arkadaş ilişkilerinin özel yetenekli öğrencilerin psikolojik sağlamlıklarının açıklanmasında önemli bir güce sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte araştırma sonuçları, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerini, anne babadan alınan kabul/ilgi ve akran ilişkileri gibi dışsal koruyucu faktörlerin daha güçlü bir biçimde açıkladığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca içsel bir koruyucu faktör olan benlik saygısının da özel yetenekli öğrencilerin psikolojik sağlamlığını anlamlı bir biçimde yordadığı görülmektedir.
COVID-19 Salgınında Türkiye’deki Özel Gereksinimi Olan Öğrenciler ve Ailelerine Yönelik Uzaktan Özel Eğitim Uygulamalarına İlişkin Uzman Bakış Açısı
Authors: SANİ-BOZKURT Sunagül , BOZKUŞ GENÇ Gülden , VURAN Sezgin , YILDIZ Gizem , ÇELİK Seçil , DİKEN İbrahim , UYSAL Çiğdem , GÜRGÜR Hasan , KALAYCI Gülefşan , DİKEN Özlem , ATEŞGÖZ N. Nazlı , İÇYÜZ Rifat , DOĞAN Murat , ŞAFAK Pınar , DEMİRYÜREK Pınar
Published: July 2021

Giriş: COVID-19 sırasında okullar kapatıldığında değişen yaşantılar yalnızca özel gereksinimi olan öğrencileri değil beraberinde ailelerini de olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Araştırmada COVID-19 salgını kısıtlama sürecinde Türkiye’de farklı özel gereksinimi olan öğrenciler ve ailelerine yönelik gerçekleştirilen uzaktan özel eğitim uygulamalarının uzman bakış açısı ile ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Kolektif durum çalışması olarak planlanan bu araştırmada kendi deneyimlerini ve gözlemlerini bildirmek üzere toplam 15 akademisyen araştırmanın doğrudan katılımcısı olmuştur. Araştırma bağlamında akademisyenler tarafından elde edilen bilgiler süzgeçten geçirilerek, farklılıklar ve örüntüler aranmış, gözlemler ve deneyimler heuristic (öz deneyimsel) bakış açısı ile yansıtılarak kaleme alınmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre; Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitime geçişin hızlı bir şekilde devreye girmesiyle beraber özel gereksinimi olan öğrenciler ve ailelerine yönelik uzaktan eğitime dayalı uygulamaların resmi, özel kurum ve şahıslar tarafından sunulduğu görülmüştür. Ancak uygulamalar ülke geneline yaygınlaştırılabilecek biçimde sistemli olmamakla birlikte her bir yetersizlik grubu için mobil uygulamaların zenginleştirilmesi, kurumsal platformda aile odaklı destek mekanizmalarının oluşturulması gibi bu süreçten çıkarılması gereken dersler olduğu da açıkça ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca özellikle resmi kurumlar tarafından sunulan iyi uygulama örneklerinin salgın sonrasında devam etmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Tartışma: Araştırma sonuçlarının başta Türkiye olmak üzere farklı ülkelerde özel eğitim uygulamalarının planlanmasında ileriye dönük bir yol haritası çizilmesine yardımcı olabileceği öngörülmektedir. Türkiye’de kısıtlama sürecinde uzaktan eğitime geçişe hızlı bir tepkiyle yanıt verildiği ve bu süreçte iyi uygulama örneklerinin olduğu söylenebilmektedir. Çalışmada karar vericilere, okul, kurum ve uzmanlara, ailelere ve yeni normale yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Edible Film dari Gelatin dengan Penguat Nanoselulosa dari Pelepah Sagu
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Maulana Aulia Rahman
Published: July 2021

Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis gelatin edible film menggunakan nanoselulosa dari pelepah sagu sebagai penguat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data ilmiah karakteristik nanoselulosa dari pelepah sagu dan pengaruh penambahan nanoselulosa terhadap sifat gelatin edible film. Isolasi nanoselulosa dilakukan dengan metode hidrolisis asam dan pengaruh penambahan nanoselululosa terhadap sifat gelatin edible film dilakukan dengan uji ketebalan, laju transmisi uap air, transparansi, kelarutan, dan ketahanan air. Penambahan nanoselulosa terhadap gelatin edible film menurunkan kelarutan dan daya serap air serta meningkatkan laju transmisi uap air dan transparansi namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap ketebalan.
El rol de los hombres en enfermería: una revisión histórica-narrativa
Authors: Velásquez Vergara Sandra Milena , Arroyave Álvarez Edgar Orlando , Cacante Caballero Jasmín Viviana
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Visibilizar el papel de los hombres en el desarrollo de la enfermería desde una perspectiva histórica-narrativa. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura en ocho bases de datos con la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuál ha sido el rol de los hombres en enfermería y sus aportes al desarrollo disciplinar? Los elementos seleccionados fueron analizados por los autores de manera detallada para dar respuesta a la inquietud planteada. Resultados: Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron y analizaron veinticinco artículos que posibilitaron explorar, describir y discutir de manera amplia sobre el rol de los hombres en enfermería a partir de una mirada histórica-narrativa. Conclusiones: La revisión permite reflexionar sobre el rol que han desempeñado los hombres dentro de la enfermería, a través de la historia y la importancia de su presencia a nivel disciplinar en términos de igualdad de género, tomando como referentes los planteamientos de exponentes de las ciencias sociales y de la enfermería.
Vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2: ¿qué debo saber de ellas?
Authors: Serrano Coll Hector Alejandro
Published: July 2021

La infección por SARS-CoV-2 es el desafío científico más complejo al que se ha enfrentado la humanidad en lo que va del siglo XXI. Sin embargo, todo nuestro conocimiento previo en infecciones y plataformas vacunales contra otros coronavirus nos permitió en un tiempo récord desarrollar la primera generación de vacunas contra este nuevo virus. No obstante, esta primera generación de vacunas ha generado varias inquietudes en la comunidad general y científica, por lo que, este manuscrito expone algunos puntos de vista y posibles respuestas a algunos cuestionamientos relacionados a estas vacunas.
Diagnóstico prenatal de arco aórtico derecho fetal con anillo vascular
Authors: Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo , Torres-Cepeda Duly
Published: July 2021

Las anomalías del arco aórtico se refieren a malformaciones congénitas de la posición o patrón de ramificación. Se puede detectar mediante la visualización dirigida del corte de los tres vasos o tres vasos y tráquea, con o sin Doppler de color. El diagnóstico prenatal debe conllevar un examen detallado de ultrasonido cardiaco y extra-cardiaco. La identificación de un arco aórtico derecho aislado es crucial para distinguir esta afección del arco aórtico doble. Se describe un caso de diagnóstico prenatal de arco aórtico derecho fetal con anillo vascular a las 29 semanas de gestación, quien fue referido por posible anomalía cardíaca en la ecografía de rutina. El ultrasonido demostró posición anormal de la aorta descendente, situada en el lado derecho de la columna vertebral en el plano tetracameral. La aorta se conectaba con la arteria pulmonar izquierda a través del ductus arterioso, configurando un anillo vascular.
Acidosis láctica asociada a metformina
Authors: Vallejos Narváez Alvaro , González Alvarez Juan Sebastián , Abadía Mondragón Natalia Margarita , Camargo Alvarado María Daniela , Anzola Rincón Astrid Stefanny , Lara Carvajal María José
Published: July 2021

La acidosis láctica es una reacción adversa relacionada con metforminay la principal etiología de acidosis metabólica. Se ha reportado una incidencia anual de acidosis láctica de 4,3 casos por cada 100 000 usuarios de este medicamento, lo cual es una cifra considerable teniendo en cuenta que  cerca de 150 millones de pacientes diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 usan el medicamento. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 81 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 manejada con metformina que, sumado a la presencia de múltiples comorbilidades, favoreció al desarrollo de acidosis láctica.
Síncope como manifestación clínica del bloqueo aurículo-ventricular paroxístico y respuesta al implante de marcapasos bicameral
Authors: López Patiño Helber Gonzalo , Serna Posada María del Mar , Duque González Laura , Uribe Arango William , Duque Ramírez Mauricio
Published: July 2021

El síncope es el principal síntoma que presentan los pacientes con bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo paroxístico, y puede obedecer a una serie de etiologías intrínsecas o extrínsecas. Los bloqueos son causa de disfunción importante, con alta carga de morbilidad, incluso en pacientes sin cardiopatía isquémica o anomalía estructural de base. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con corazón estructuralmente normal, quien ingresó para estudio de síncope y durante el monitoreo Holter de 24 horas se documentó bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo paroxístico, por lo cual se procedió al implante de un marcapasos bicameral, con  muy buena respuesta a la intervención. Los bloqueos aurículo-ventricular completos pueden ser paroxísticos o permanentes y la única forma de diferenciarlos son los hallazgos electrocardiográficos. Es muy importante realizar el diagnóstico de bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo, bien sea paroxístico o definitivo, porque el único tratamiento es el implante de un dispositivo de estimulación eléctrica cardíaca.
Trombosis séptica portal secundaria a diverticulitis
Authors: Guerra-Zarama Sebastian , García-Rincón Cristian , González-Pérez Javier , Roncancio-Villamil Gustavo
Published: July 2021

La trombosis séptica de la vena porta es una complicación infrecuente de la diverticulitis, la apendicitis y de otras infecciones intraabdominales. Se asocia a elevadas tasas de complicaciones, como isquemia mesentérica, absceso hepático, hipertensión portal o muerte. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 67 años quien consultó por fiebre, dolor abdominal e ictericia, y en quien se documentó bacteriemia por Escherichia coli y Streptococcus dysgalactiae. En las imágenes se identificó trombosis de la porta hepática secundaria a enfermedad diverticular aguda, lo que configura un diagnóstico de pileflebitis séptica. El paciente recibió terapia antibiótica dirigida, sin anticoagulación, obteniéndoseadecuada respuesta clínica. Se realiza una discusión sobre el diagnóstico, etiología y tratamiento de la trombosis séptica portal.
Perfil lipídico e inhibidores de integrasa: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Authors: Lopera-Rodríguez Jorge Alejandro , López-Quiceno Lucas
Published: July 2021

Introducción: en pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana algunos antirretrovirales afectan el perfil lipídico incrementando el riesgo cardiovascular. Hay evidencia de que los inhibidores de integrasa afectan poco al perfil lipídico. El presente estudio buscó evaluar la mejor evidencia disponible sobre cambios en lípidos de pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana que cambiaron su terapia antirretroviral a esquemas con inhibidores de integrasa. Métodos: revisión sistemática de la literatura con intención metaanalítica. A partir de la pregunta: “En pacientes mayores de 16 años con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, los esquemas antirretrovirales que incluyen inhibidores de integrasa comparados con aquellos esquemas antirretrovirales que no los incluyen, ¿presentan cambios en el perfil lipídico?” se extrajeron palabras clave para búsqueda de la evidencia publicada entre 1997 y diciembre 2019. Se incluyeron estudios experimentales y observacionales y su calidad fue evaluada. Se realizó análisis por inhibidor de integrasa y parámetro lipídico buscándose síntesis cuantitativa de la evidencia. Resultados: se identificaron 17 estudios relevantes susceptibles de síntesis de la evidencia con un total de 5 683 pacientes. De estos, 2 878 entraron a síntesis cuantitativa. Acorde a lo encontrado, los inhibidores de integrasa presentan mejor perfil lipídico comparados a otros antirretrovirales. Dolutegravir fue el que mostró mejor perfil lipídico cuando la comparación se hizo con inhibidores de proteasa. Raltegravir tuvo mejor perfil lipídico comparándolo con inhibidores de transcriptasa inversa no análogos de nucleósidos. Conclusiones: el uso de inhibidores de integrasa es un factor relevante en el control del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana.
Autonomous metering system for monitoring water consumption
Authors: Rizzo E. B. , Cousin F. A. , Lucca R. M. , Lautenschlager S. R.
Published: July 2021

Faced with water scarcity and its rising costs, it is necessary to use it in a rational way. This study proposes the development of an autonomous system of water monitoring in condominiums (smart houses), through meters that use turbine flow sensors and ZigBee technology for sending data to a coordinator, allowing monitoring of the consumption at various points of a building in almost real time. Users can read the consumed volume using a smartphone application. This stimulates a more rational way of using water, besides enabling alerts for leaks in pipes, faucets, showers and toilets. The accuracy of this sensor was compared with a mechanical flow meter and an ultrasonic sensor in the laboratory, all presenting errors smaller than 10% of readings for water flow above 2 L/min. The quality of the ZigBee network was analysed, in terms of interference with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth devices and a microwave oven, to assess if there are data losses in the sensor network and only Bluetooth caused losses, showing robustness in the combined ZigBee and Wi-Fi.
Genetically-modified Stem Cell in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer
Therapy; A New Era
Authors: Verdi Javad , Hassanzadeh Ali , Shamlou Somayeh , Yousefi Niloufar , Nikoo Marzieh
Published: July 2021

Recently, genetic engineering by various strategies to stimulate gene expression in a specific
and controllable mode is a speedily growing therapeutic approach. Genetic modification of human
stem or progenitor cells, such as Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs),
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs), and Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) for direct
delivery of specific therapeutic molecules or genes has been evidenced as an opportune plan in the
context of regenerative medicine due to their supported viability, proliferative features, and
metabolic qualities. On the other hand, a large number of studies have investigated the efficacy of
modified stem cells in cancer therapy using cells from various sources, disparate transfection
means for gene delivery, different transfected yields, and wide variability of tumor models. Accordingly,
cell-based gene therapy holds substantial aptitude for the treatment of human malignancy as
it could relieve signs or even cure cancer succeeding expression of therapeutic or suicide transgene
products; however, there exist inconsistent results in this regard. Herein, we deliver a brief
overview of stem cell potential to use in cancer therapy and regenerative medicine and importantly
discuss stem cells based gene delivery competencies to stimulate tissue repair and replacement in
concomitant with their potential to use as an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy, focusing on the last
two decades’ in vivo studies.
Prevalence of Naturally Occurring Resistance Associated Substitutions in NS3/4AProtease Inhibitors in Iranian HCV/HIV Infected Patients
Authors: Baesi Kazem , Velayati Ali Akbar , Ashtiani Masoumeh Farrokh , Fakhredini Kamal , Banifazl Mohammad , Larijani Mona Sadat , Basimi Parya , Ramezani Amitis
Published: July 2021

Background:

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) acts in the host as a complicated mixture of related
variants with the potency to genetically escape host immune responses. Direct acting antivirals
(DAAs) have been approved for HCV treatment with shorter duration, better cure rates and lower
side effects. However, naturally occurring resistance associated substitutions (RASs) create some
obstacles to this antiviral therapy success.

Objective:

In this study, we aimed at the determination of the naturally occurring NS3/4A RASs in
HCV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients.

Methods:

A total of 120 DAA-naïve HCV-HIV co-infected patients were included. HCV
NS3/4Agenome region was amplified with PCR and mutation analysis was performed by Sanger
sequencing technique. The amino acid sequence diversity of the region was analyzed using
geno2pheno HCV.

Results:

Phylogenetic analysis showed that 73 cases were infected by 3a and 47 subjects by subtype1a.
The overall RASs among studied subjects were observed in 6 (5%) individuals from 120
studied cases who were infected with HCV 1a. V36M/L, Q80L, S122G/L, R155T/G, A156S,
D168Y/N and S174A/N/T mutations were detected in this study.

Conclusion:

Although the prevalence of RASs was totally low in this study, the presence of several
cases of double and triple mutants among this population suggests prior evaluation of protease inhibitors
related mutations before initiation of standard treatment and also an investigation on a
large population could be of high value.
A Review Study of the Influences of Dendrimer Nanoparticles on Stored
Platelet in Order to Treat Patients (2001-2020)
Authors: Mehrizi Tahereh Zadeh , Ardestani Mehdi Shafiee , Kafiabad Sedigheh Amini
Published: July 2021

Background:

Platelets are sensitive to chilling, so the optimal storage temperature for
maintaining normal function and structure in platelets is 22-24 °C up to 3-5 days.

Introduction:

Platelets are important blood cells involved in immunity, inflammation, and thrombosis.
Today, platelet products are widely used to prevent bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia
and coagulopathy disorders. As a result, maintaining the quality of these products is very important.

Method:

In this review study, the reported influences of various dendrimers on platelets from 2001
to 2020 were investigated.

Result:

The results showed that positively charged dendrimers can cause platelet aggregation and
activation during platelet storage time through their amine residues. In addition to surface charge,
high generations, molecular weight and concentration are not recommended in the field of platelet
storage and treatment. In contrast, negatively charged dendrimers, usually used at lower generations
with proper molecular weight, lower size (less than 100 nm) and their carboxyl residues, cannot induce
adverse effects on platelets during storage time. In addition, the results of this study revealed
that PEGylation of dendrimers and platelets can improve platelet storage conditions.

Conclusion:

As anionic dendrimers can improve platelet storage time without inducing significant
changes in morphology and function of platelets, they are recommended in the field of platelet storage
and treatment.
Assessment of a Novel Vitamin D3 Formulation with Nanostructured Lipid
Carriers for Transdermal Delivery
Authors: Junqueira Laura , Polonini Hudson , Ramos Cristiano , Ferreira Anderson O. , Raposo Nádia , Brandão Marcos
Published: July 2021

Objective:

Develop and assess a transdermal emulsion loaded with nanostructured lipid
carriers for vitamin D3 supplementation.

Methods:

Vitamin D3 loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, produced via high shear homogenization
and ultrasonication, were assessed for their particle size, distribution, morphology, zeta potential,
entrapment efficiency, and cytotoxicity. They were incorporated into a transdermal vehicle,
and the stability and ex vivo permeation were evaluated.

Results:

Spherical nanoparticles were developed with a particle size of 192.5 nm, a polydispersity
index of 0.13, a zeta potential of -29.0 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 99.75%. They were stable
(particle size and distribution) for 15 days when stored in a refrigerator, and for 30 days at
room temperature and 32 °C. The nanoparticles decreased the drug cytotoxicity against fibroblasts,
as shown by IC50 (nanoparticle: 32.48 μg mL−1; vitamin D3: 16.73 μg mL−1). The emulsion loaded
with nanoparticles minimized the degradation of vitamin D3 when compared with the nanoparticle
dispersion. Additionally, the emulsion provided the skin permeation of vitamin D3 following the recommended
daily allowance.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use nanostructured lipid carriers
for transdermal delivery of vitamin D. The developed formulation is a promising strategy to overcome
the vitamin D3 variable oral bioavailability. It also represents a comfortable route of administration;
thus it could be beneficial for patients and clinicians. However, further studies are needed
to allow the permeation of larger amounts of vitamin D3, and the combination of these nanoparticles
with microneedles would be interesting.
Eggshell Membrane Based Turmeric Extract Loaded Orally Disintegrating
Films
Authors: Bayraktar Oguz , Köse Merve Deniz , Ungun Nazlı
Published: July 2021

Background:

The increasing interest in using natural bioactive compounds as new drug
candidates due to their low solubility led to designing and developing novel drug delivery systems.
Out of those, orally disintegrating films (ODFs) are a very eminent drug delivery system among pediatrics
and geriatrics.

Objective:

In our study, the solvent casting method was used to prepare eggshell membrane-based
and turmeric extract loaded orally disintegrating films.

Method:

Characterization of the prepared films was done with FTIR, AFM, and SEM analysis.
The release profile of the turmeric extract was determined and fitted to the mathematical models.

Results:

AFM results showed that the best interaction between components was achieved in Film
2. The highest cumulative release percentage was obtained for the film with 7.5% (w/w) turmeric
extract (Film-2) as 41.98%, based on the HPLC measurements. The Higuchi model was the best--
fitted model for Film 2.

Conclusion:

In this study, SEP and CMCH were used for the first time as biopolymers to prepare
the orally disintegrating film. Turmeric extract was successfully integrated into films prepared
from SEP and CMCH.
Chemical Constituents and Antitumor Mechanisms of Artemisia
Authors: Lijie Xia , Jinyao Li , Kamarya Yasin
Published: July 2021

Background:

At present, chemotherapy is still the main treatment for cancer, but its side effects and
multidrug resistance limit the therapeutic efficacy. Natural products are the important sources for the development of
antitumor drugs with higher efficiency and lower toxicity. Artemisia contains a variety of antitumor constituents, which
can induce tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, inhibit tumor angiogenesis, and accelerate iron ion-mediated
oxidative damage.

Objective:

This paper provides a focused, up-to-date, and comprehensive overview of the antitumor active constituents
and mechanisms of Artemisia.

Method:

The relevant references on Artemisia and its bioactive components were obtained from scientific databases,
including PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct.

Results:

We have summarized the current progress about on the bioactive components and mechanisms of Artemisia.
The application prospect of active components of Artemisia in cancer prevention and treatment has also been discussed.

Conclusion:

This review may provide new ideas for the follow-up treatment of cancer and contribute to the development
of safe and effective antitumor drugs.