bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased fasting small‐bowel water content in untreated coeliac disease and scleroderma as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lam Ching , Sanders David S , Lanyon Peter , Garsed Klara , Foley Stephen , Pritchard Susan , Marciani Luca , Hoad Caroline L , Costigan Carolyn , Gowland Penny , Spiller Robin
Published: June 2019

Background and aims

The regular overnight migrating motor complex (MMC) ensures that the normal fasting small‐bowel water content (SBWC) is minimised. We have applied our recently validated non‐invasive magnetic resonance technique to assess SBWC in newly diagnosed coeliac disease (CD), scleroderma (SCD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), conditions possibly associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).

Methods

A total of 20 CD and 15 SCD patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were compared to 20 healthy volunteers (HV) and 26 IBS with diarrhoea (IBS‐D) patients, as previously reported. All underwent a fasting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan on a 1.5 T Philips Achieva MRI scanner to assess fasting SBWC and colonic volumes. Stool and symptom diaries were completed for one week.

Results

Compared to HV, all patients had significantly increased stool frequency and Bristol stool form score. SBWC was significantly increased in CD (median 109 mL; interquartile range (IQR) 53–224 mL) compared to HV (median 53 mL; IQR 31–98 mL; p < 0.01) and IBS‐D (median 42 mL; IQR 28–67 mL; p < 0.01). A variable increase in SBWC was also found in SCD (median 77 mL; IQR 39–158 mL), but this was not significant (p = 0.2). Colonic volumes were similar for all groups, being a median of 547 mL (IQR 442–786 mL) for CD, 511 mL (453–789 mL) for SCD, 612 mL (445–746 mL) for HV and 521 mL (428–757 mL) for IBS‐D. When CD patients were subdivided according to the Marsh classification, the higher grades had larger colonic volumes.

Conclusion

Fasting SBWC as assessed by MRI is significantly increased in newly diagnosed CD and SCD but decreased in IBS‐D. Future studies should test whether increased resting fluid predisposes to SIBO.
Prevalence of toe symphalangism in Hong Kong Chinese population
Authors: Chan Yi-Lok Charis , Dao Wei-Hei , Yeung Tsang , Chow Esther Ching-San
Published: June 2019

Objective:

To explore the prevalence and variations of toe symphalangism in the Hong Kong Chinese population.

Methods:

A retrospective review of foot radiographs taken in Chinese adult patients admitted to United Christian Hospital from 1 January, 2016 to 31 December, 2016. Exclusion criteria include (1) previous toe amputation, (2) skeletal immaturity, (3) severe deformity, and (4) repeated attendance. The frequencies were compared by χ 2 test.

Result:

A total of 1364 foot radiographs were reviewed. Six-hundred sixty radiographs were excluded. A total of 704 radiographs were included in this study. There were total 849 feet reviewed (left: 290, right: 269, bilateral: 145). Their mean age (± standard deviation) was 59.5 ± 14.2 years. The prevalence of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th toe symphalangism was 0.2%, 0.8%, 9.9%, and 76.7%, respectively. The prevalence resembles Asian population. There was no significant difference in the prevalence associated with the following factors: (1) gender and (2) left versus right foot. There was no 4th toe symphalangism without 5th toe involvement. In the 145 bilateral feet radiographs, asymmetrical distribution of toe symphalangism was found in 8.2%. Second toe symphalangism is rare (0.24%).

Conclusion:

This is the first study in Hong Kong to report prevalence of toe symphalangism in Chinese population. There is a high prevalence rate of 5th toe symphalangism in the Hong Kong Chinese Population. This implies less flexible lesser toes in the Chinese population with higher risks of development of deformities. The clinical implication of such findings needs further research.
Assessment of Written Patient Information Pertaining to Cirrhosis and Its Complications: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ladegaard Grønkjær Lea , Berg Kirsten , Søndergaard Rikke , Møller Majbritt
Published: June 2019

Background:

Written patient information may play an important role in the compliance of the cirrhosis disease, but little is known on the quality and patients’ understanding of them.

Objectives:

To assess the written patient information leaflet pertaining to cirrhosis and its complications.

Methods:

The Baker Able Leaflet Design (BALD) criteria and the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) questionnaire were applied to assess design, layout characteristics, and information quality. Readability was calculated using the Læsbarhedsindex (LIX) and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG). A cross-sectional study with a mixed methods design was carried out, using a questionnaire consisting of closed- and open-ended questions.

Results:

The BALD score was 24 and the EQIP score 70%. The LIX score was 46 and the SMOG score 15.8. Sixteen phrases from the leaflet were selected to explore patients’ understanding. Four phrases were understood by 100% of the patients, 6 phrases by more than 50% of the patients, and 6 phrases were understood by less than 50% of the patients. The meaning condensation showed that knowledge and understanding of cirrhosis and its complications were not enhanced by the availability of the leaflet.

Conclusion:

The leaflet had a good design, layout, and information quality but was difficult to read. Patients appeared to relate poorly to the leaflet and demonstrated limited health literacy. These results suggest that an assessment of written patient information ought to be made in an effort to improve readability. Further studies on intervention to improve patients’ health literacy are recommended.
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in an adult as a complication of H1N1 infection
Authors: Abdelrahman Heba S , Safwat Ahmed M , Alsagheir Mahmoud M
Published: June 2019

Acute necrotizing encephalitis is one of the recognized influenza-associated encephalopathies which has a characteristic multifocal symmetric involvement of the thalami bilaterally with only very few cases were reported in adults. We present a case of a young adult female who was presented with post-H1N1 Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy with full neurological recovery after proper clinicoradiological diagnosis and rapid treatment with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins.
Financial analysis of the organization
Authors: Пласкова Наталия , Plaskova Nataliya
Published: June 2019

The textbook reveals the main theoretical, methodological and practical issues of the discipline "Financial analysis" ("Analysis of financial statements"), provided by the state educational standards of higher education in the areas of "Economics", "Management". The book introduces modern methods and techniques of financial analysis, the practical implementation of which should improve the quality of management of commercial organizations, information and analytical justification of the optimal strategy and tactics of doing business. The materials of the textbook are formed on the basis of the case (end-to-end task) — all practical examples are based on practical reporting data of a real production organization.
For students, graduate students of economic specialties, students of the system of professional training and advanced training of accountants, auditors, financial managers, analysts, arbitration managers, practitioners of financial and economic services of business organizations.
A Successful Failed State after All? The Case of Angola
Authors: Dominik Kopiński
Published: June 2019

Among African countries Angola stands out as a particularly interesting case where robust economic growth has occurred despite the country having a relatively long list of characteristics of a failed state. This has prompted some scholars to call it “a successful failed state” or “weak but strong”. In 2002 Angola emerged from the devastating 25-year long civil war and since then has recorded a burgeoning growth, which only recently came to a halt due to the oil prices collapse. At the same time, Angola is famous for its corruption, lack of transparency and state capture by local elites. This article seeks to provide a critical discussion about the Angolan state, with a special reference to its capacity to provide public goods and finance them. It probes the notion that Angola can be labelled a successful failed state and argues that a perception of the relative success holds only in the time of favourable external conditions and only when major structural and institutional shortcomings of the Angolan economy are ignored.
Armed Conflicts in Fragile States and their Influence on Illegal Migrations and Refugees in the European Union in the 21st Century
Authors: Katarzyna Wardin
Published: June 2019

The changes in the 21st century have brought new threats and problems for the international community. The European Union, as one of the most important actors in the world, was forced to change its approach to a new situation, which is characterized by the presence of threats such as illegal migration, huge refugee influx and the existence of fragile states in its neighborhood. The main objective of this paper is to present the EU’s engagement in stabilization of fragile states through civilian and military missions and operations to hold illegal migration. It answers the question whether the actions undertaken by the EU are powerful. The analysis of the operations and missions in chosen states (Somalia, Libya) shown that although the influx of migrants and refugees is lower, the changes and the influence of actions helping them to become stronger and more secure states are rather minor The conclusions comprise several thoughts which should be taken under consideration by the EU in the future in order to support European security and wealth.
Fragile States in African Economic Communities as Exemplified by the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) – Investment Issues
Authors: Joanna Garlińska-Bielawska  , Małgorzata Janicka
Published: June 2019

The region of Central Africa is abundant in both fragile states and economic communities. According to the theory of international economic integration, in the long term such integration processes should stimulate not only short-term trade effects but also long-term investment effects. The article aims to answer the question whether and how membership of an economic community by a fragile state influences the occurrence of dynamic integration effects. The examination is based on the example of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC). The article uses an analytical and descriptive method on the basis of domestic and foreign literature sources and UNCTAD and IMF statistics. The analysis suggests that from the point of view of member countries of African economic communities, the mere fact of membership of such a community is no vital driver of FDI within the internal market, particularly important to capital-poor fragile states.
Introducing ‘Lift the Lip’ into the routine practice of health visitors
Authors: Wilson Mary , Cope Anwen
Published: June 2019

A project to assess the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating Lift the Lip into the routine practice of health visitors in Wales.
Heuristics for Waste Collection Arc Routing Problem
Authors: Nevrlý Vlastimír , Šomplák Radovan , Popela Pavel
Published: June 2019

Waste management is still an expanding eld which needs to be constantly enhanced so that waste transportation and treatment is as eective as possible. An important part of this process is a waste collection at the municipal level. Decision-making about daily routing for all vehicles from a heterogenous eet substantially in uences the expenses of technical services. The need of route scheduling comes also from the newly separated fractions. Transportation features include the capacity of vehicles, number and type of containers on the route, traffic light delays and many others. The mathematical model that properly describes the real practice of servicing containers has not been published yet. Moreover, routing problemsare generally not solvable by exact methods, so the appropriate heuristic algorithm has been developed. A case study with obtained results is discussed. This solution serves not only to improve the current operational situation, but also to create new route schedules for increasing number of collected commodities.
Ant Colony Optimisation for Performing Computational Task in Cellular Automata
Authors: Bidlo Michal , Korgo Jakub
Published: June 2019

A method is presented for the design of cellular automata rules by means of ant algorithms.

In particular, Elitist Ant System and a~modified MAX-MIN Ant System are applied to search for transition functions of 1D cellular automata that are able to calculate squares of given input values.

It will be shown that the proposed MAX-MIN Ant System can perform significantly better than the standard variant of Elitist Ant System.

In particular, in the most advanced case study, the ant algorithm showed an ability to design a~complete set of elementary cellular automata rules that fulfil the required square calculations.

Some selected results will be presented and their features discussed.
The Jew and the Odalisque: Two Tropes Lost on the Way from Classic Orientalism to Islamophobia
Authors: Kalmar Ivan
Published: June 2019

Contemporary Islamophobic discourses lack two of the important figures of classic orientalism: (1) the “Jew” as an “oriental” ethnoreligious figure akin to “Muslim,” and (2) of the “harem” as an eroticized trope of male domination. Their near-disappearance signals that Islamophobia is no longer entirely generated by the same impulses as the classic orientalism of the nineteenth and twentieth century. Islamophobia is defined by hostility to Muslims, but classic orientalism also included other forms of affect. Islamophobia imagines Islam and Muslims as the irredeemably Other, with no links to the Christian traditions of the West, while classic Orientalism typically saw Islam as a Semitic religion akin to Judaism, and therefore as representing an inferior but nevertheless related form of civilization to Christianity. The “Semitic race,” too, was held to be white, while Islamophobia today has contributed to the racialization of the prototypical Muslim as “brown.” The imagined relationship between Christianity and Islam in twenty-first-century Islamophobia recognizes no historical and theological contiguity, and has replaced supersession with the clash of civilizations as the form of imagining the relationship between the West and Islam and Muslims. The clash of civilization concept has no use for the harem inmate, a figure that, as the target of overt desire, had not been entirely removed into absolute alterity. This image of the lascivious Orient was connected to that of the Semitic Jew, the “Jewess” being the trope in classical orientalism that united the gendered biblical imagination with the orientalist. To be sure, in spite of the large affective gamut of classic orientalism it was still at its core a discourse of colonial power and white supremacy. It is just that, with the disappearance of the two complex tropes of the Semitic Jew and the harem inmate in contemporary Islamophobia, the unadorned nucleus of orientalism has been starkly revealed, and everything else has been shed.
Национально-территориальное размежевание в Средней Азии в 1924 г.: причины и влияние на этнополитические процессы в регионе
Authors: Бочкарева Ирина Борисовна
Published: June 2019

Национальная политика большевиков в 1920-е гг. отличалась высокой степенью конъюнктурности, подчинения ее принципов задачам строительства советской власти. В условиях Гражданской войны и борьбы за власть создание национальных территорий в форме советских автономных республик и районов в составе РСФСР, наряду с поддержкой национальных языков, политических элит и культуры, рассматривалось руководством РКП(б) как действенный политический механизм решения задач укрепления советской власти в национальных районах. Однако провозглашение Туркестанской АССР в мае 1918 г. не привело к нейтрализации национального вопроса в регионе, на что рассчитывали большевики. Политические мотивы укрепления советской власти в Средней Азии в совокупности с низким уровнем национального самосознания и политической активности коренного населения позволили Москве провести новый этап национального размежевания. Национально-территориальное размежевание в Средней Азии в 1924 г. — пример перекодирования процесса национального самоопределения и последующего оформления национального самосознания с тюркского национального проекта, воспринимавшегося как угроза советской власти, на существующие в регионе иные уровни национальной идентичности.
Воспроизводство населения Томской губернии в 1914-1926 гг.
Authors: Косыгина Светлана Валерьевна
Published: June 2019

Демографические процессы, происходящие сейчас в России, имеют негативный характер. Низкая рождаемость, высокая смертность вызывают депопуляцию населения. Общество нуждается в том, чтобы понимать, как шло демографическое развитие населения в период потрясений, чтобы избежать ошибок прошлого. Хронологические рамки работы охватывают 1914-1926 гг. Нижняя граница объясняется началом Первой мировой войны и последовавшими изменениями в воспроизводстве населения, верхняя граница определяется проведением Всесоюзной переписи населения 1926 г. Цель работы — определение тенденций динамики изменений относительных показателей движения населения. Задачами являются определение ежегодной разницы между количеством смертей и рождений, выявление тенденций динамики изменений показателей воспроизводства населения, характеристика изменений в половой структуре населения.

В исследовании впервые представлены не публиковавшиеся ранее архивные материалы и источники. Использование методов социальной статистики, метода средних величин позволили систематизировать и обобщить основные показатели количественных характеристик изменений воспроизводства населения. Метод расчета основных демографических показателей, вычисление общих коэффициентов воспроизводства населения применялись во всей работе.

В изучаемый период происходили значительные изменения в воспроизводстве населения. Основной тенденцией движения населения были аномальные колебания численности и воспроизводства, а также полового соотношения. Изменение территориально-административных границ Томской губернии в 1921 г. способствовало уменьшению населения.
Making the Free Market Moral: Ronald Reagan’s Covenantal Economy
Authors: Kunde Meg
Published: June 2019

In this article, I argue for the importance of investigating covenantal rhetoric as a multipronged rhetorical device that can be used by political leaders to moralize discourse and strategically manage competing covenantal tensions in response to a particular social, economic, and/or political exigence. Specifically, it explores how President Ronald Reagan drew on the Puritan covenantal framework to usher in an era of free-market economics and transform it from a chaotic and self-interested system into a covenantal economy in which people could fulfill their moral obligations to self, God, and others. Using covenantal form, Reagan eased the tensions between freedom and order, grace and works, and individuality and community in a way that provided a moral foundation for his tax and welfare policies and a moral safety net for all who had faith in God’s grace. Within Reagan’s covenantal economy, trickle-down economics was framed as both an economically feasible and morally commendable process in which entrepreneurs and welfare recipients could join together in a “circle of prosperity” without government interference or the obligation to provide direct material assistance to others.
Paradigms in the trade–climate nexus: ‘liberal environmentalism’, the Environmental Goods Agreement and the role of the EU
Authors: Musch Marie , De Ville Ferdi
Published: June 2019

What explains the evolution of negotiations on liberalising environmentally friendly goods and services over the past 15 years and the EU’s position on these? In December 2016 negotiators did not succeed in their goal of concluding an Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA) in Geneva. This was considered by many participants and observers as a missed opportunity for a win-win for the global economy and the environment. Protectionist wrangling over which products should be on a list for speedy liberalisation was seen as the main reason why the negotiations (temporarily) failed. However, we show that the environmental objectives of these negotiations had already gradually been pushed to the back by commercial objectives. While there had been attempts in early phases of the negotiations to make the environmental effects of goods primordial, in the end a commercial logic prevailed. We point to the importance of the paradigm of ‘liberal environmentalism’, which makes it difficult to promote trade-conditioning measures in an already commercially biased policy subsystem. We focus particularly on the EU as one of the key actors in the EGA negotiations. Through a number of interviews with European policy-makers and civil society representatives, and desk research of negotiating documents and secondary literature, we find evidence of the prevalence of liberal environmentalist thinking, the dominance of trade actors in the policy subsystem and difficulties for environmental actors to penetrate these negotiations. We conclude that trying to reconcile trade and environmental objectives in a synergetic (‘win-win’) manner does not make a successful conclusion necessarily easier.
A "meia-noite" no século: A II Guerra Mundial e a resistência
Authors: Varela Raquel
Published: June 2019

desemprego nos EUA e na Europa só foi revertido em 1938-1941, quando teve início a militarização da sociedade e se transformaram desempregados em soldados, no começo da II Guerra Mundial. Não foram as medidas keynesianas que reverteram a crise de 1929, mas a proletarização massiva de largos setores camponeses – com a coletivização forçada na URSS ou o colapso bancário dos pequenos camponeses nos EUA, retratados em As vinhas da ira (STEINBECK, 2016) – e, mais tarde, a destruição da propriedade a uma escala inédita na história da humanidade. Foi o apocalipse da II Guerra Mundial, com os seus, os nossos, 80 milhões de mortos. Foi a maior derrota da humanidade. Neste artigo, olhamos para os principais acontecimentos da II Guerra Mundial e da Resistência a esta, recordando que os campos de concentração nazi eram campos de trabalho forçado. O trabalho forçado, à escala de milhões entre 1939 e 1945, em centenas de campos e subcampos, inseridos na cadeia produtiva de algumas das maiores empresas da indústria alemã, esteve no centro do projeto do Estado nazi.
As economias políticas nacionais vivenciadas por Georg Friedrich List
Authors: Morais Lazzaretti Flavia Maria , Rohenkohl Júlio Eduardo
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo – por meio de pesquisa fundamentada na leitura das principais obras de Georg Friedrich List, Esboço da Economia Política Americana e Sistema Nacional de Economia Política, e em contribuições recentes de historiadores econômicos – tem como objetivo principal descrever a trajetória de desenvolvimento de Inglaterra, Alemanha e Estados Unidos da América do século XVIII a meados do século XIX. Para alcançar este objetivo, foi efetuada uma comparação entre as descrições e interpretações dos diferentes autores. Verificou-se uma significativa similaridade entre os conteúdos apresentados por List (1983, 2009) e as interpretações dos demais historiadores econômicos quanto à evolução das forças produtivas nacionais. Os complementos aos relatos de List dão conta de que: a) a Inglaterra era fonte de transbordamento de conhecimentos produtivos e capital para as nações mais atrasadas; b) a proteção tarifária não era tão importante para o desenvolvimento nacional como supunha List (1983); e, c) os trabalhos de Tilly (1978) e Philip (1980) proporcionam informações objetivas que permitem precisar que a agricultura alemã teve a sua produção condicionada a normativas feudais da Idade Média até a metade do século XIX. Dentre os principais aspectos das economias nacionais vivenciadas por List estão a nação e as forças produtivas, interligando os setores agrícola, industrial e comercial.
Rosas rubras e soberbas: O corpo da mulher luso-brasileira na literatura de viagem (séculos XVIII e XIX)
Authors: Torrão Filho Amilcar
Published: June 2019

O corpo feminino foi um dos grandes mistérios para os viajantes europeus que visitaram o Brasil entre os séculos XVIII e XIX. De um lado a mulher branca não correspondia aos ideais clássicos de beleza e recato; por outro, a beleza parecia estar ao lado das mulheres negras ou mulatas. Este artigo pretende rever algumas das imagens criadas pela literatura de viagem sobre a mulher luso-brasileira, revisitando alguns mitos como a ausência de mulheres nos espaços públicos, o ciúme “oriental” de seus pais e maridos, o desleixo das mulheres brancas e a sensualidade das negras e mulatas.
Fadiga cíclica e resistência torcional de instrumentos reciprocantes tratados termicamente tipo Gold
Authors: Barbosa Ellen Mendonça , Costa Licia Gabriela Souza , Canavezes Tatiana Conceicao de Jesus , Antunes Henrique dos Santos , Vieira Victor Talarico Leal , Silva Emmanuel Joao Nogueira Leal
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a fadiga cíclica e torcional dos instrumentos WA1 e WaveOne Gold. Métodos: vinte instrumentos do sistema WA1 (25/0,07v) e vinte instrumentos do sistema WaveOne Gold (25/0,07v) foram utilizados. A resistência à fadiga cíclica foi testada, medindo o tempo até a fratura em um canal artificial curvo de aço inoxidável com ângulo de 80° e raio de curvatura de 3 mm (n = 10). O torque máximo e ângulo de rotação no momento da falha dos instrumentos (n = 10) foram medidos de acordo com a norma ISO 3630-1. A superfície de fratura de todos os fragmentos foi examinada com um microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente usando o teste t de Student com um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: não foram observadas diferenças na vida em fadiga cíclica dos instrumentos testados (p > 0,05). A força máxima de torção dos instrumentos WA1 foi menor do que os instrumentos WaveOne Gold (p < 0,05); entretanto, não foram observadas diferenças no ângulo máximo de rotação de ambos os sistemas (p > 0,05). A fotomicrografia eletrônica de varredura da superfície da fratura revelou características similares e típicas de fadiga cíclica e de falha por torção para os dois tipos de instrumentos. Conclusão: dentro dos resultados do presente estudo, pode-se concluir que os instrumentos WaveOne Gold e WA1 tiveram comportamento similar com relação à fadiga cíclica. No entanto, o instrumento WaveOne Gold apresentou maior deflexão angular à fratura por torção, em comparação aos instrumentos WA1.
Tratamento não cirúrgico para remoção de instrumento fraturado e guta-percha extravasada, com o uso do Masserann EndoKit
Authors: Bramante Clovis Monteiro , Borges Mariana Maciel Batista , Duque Jussaro Alves , Manoel Murilo De Almeida , Bramante Alexandre Silva , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Bernardineli Norberti , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: o objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso clínico em que um instrumento fraturado e a guta-percha extravasada foram removidos via canal. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo masculino, com 38 anos de idade, foi encaminhado para avaliação do incisivo lateral superior direito (dente #12). O paciente apresentava dor à palpação na região apical e ausência de sintomatologia espontânea. O exame radiográfico revelou a presença de cone de guta-percha extravasado, uma espiral de Lentulo fraturada, além de lesão periapical no dente #12. O retratamento endodôntico foi o procedimento de escolha, na tentativa de remover os dois materiais. A espiral de Lentulo foi removida com Masserann Endokit; e o cone de guta-percha, utilizando limas Hedstroen. Após realizar a instrumentação e o preenchimento do conduto com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio com iodofórmio, constatou- se a presença de reabsorção no terço apical. Depois de dois meses, observou-se redução da lesão; utilizou-se, então, MTA na região da reabsorção, e o conduto foi obturado com cone de guta-percha e cimento endodôntico Sealer 26. Conclusão: controles clínicos e radiográficos foram realizados após dois, quatro e oito anos, demonstrando reparo na região apical e ausência de sintomatologia.
Liquid materials for biomedical research: a highly IT-integrated and automated biobanking solution
Authors: Popp Daniela , Diekmann Romanus , Binder Lutz , Asif Abdul R. , Nussbeck Sara Y.
Published: June 2019

Various information technology (IT) infrastructures for biobanking, networks of biobanks and biomaterial management are described in the literature. As pre-analytical variables play a major role in the downstream interpretation of clinical as well as research results, their documentation is essential. A description for mainly automated documentation of the complete life-cycle of each biospecimen is lacking so far. Here, the example taken is from the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), where the workflow of liquid biomaterials is standardized between the central laboratory and the central biobank. The workflow of liquid biomaterials from sample withdrawal to long-term storage in a biobank was analyzed. Essential data such as time and temperature for processing and freezing can be automatically collected. The proposed solution involves only one major interface between the main IT systems of the laboratory and the biobank. It is key to talk to all the involved stakeholders to ensure a functional and accepted solution. Although IT components differ widely between clinics, the proposed way of documenting the complete life-cycle of each biospecimen can be transferred to other university medical centers. The complete documentation of the life-cycle of each biospecimen ensures a good interpretability of downstream routine as well as research results.
The Right to Information and Transformative Development Outcomes
Authors: Gomez Mario
Published: June 2019

One of the innovations of the past 30 years has been the creation and subsequent use of the “right to information (RTI)” to deepen democracy, enhance citizen participation and generate transparent systems of governance. Transitional societies and existing democracies alike have embraced legal regimes on the right to information. An RTI law gives a person a right to demand information from a public body (and in some cases from private bodies as well) without having to disclose why the information is being sought. Such a right can enhance transparency in public administration, decrease the level of arbitrary decision-making, and facilitate citizen participation at local, regional and central government levels. It can also reduce corruption and prevent the abuse of public power. UN Sustainable Development Goal 16 commits States to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. More particularly, Target 16.10 aims to “ensure public access to information”. By examining the work of the Sri Lankan RTI Commission over the past 2 years, this Article assesses whether RTI regimes and RTI commissions can be transformative in their impact, including to help realize SDG Goal 16. Can they help generate transparent, participatory and less-corrupt development outcomes, foster a concept of active citizenship, provide genuine public scrutiny of government decision-making, and enable citizens to benefit from an inclusive development process?
Embodied care: affective touch as a facilitating resource for interaction between caregivers and residents in a care home for older adults
Authors: Mononen Kaarina
Published: June 2019

This article analyses how caregivers use affective touch as a resource to facilitate interaction. Through touch, caregivers construct positive socio-emotional relationships with their residents. The analysis of micro-level interaction is based on an interactional sociolinguistic framework, and reveals how caregivers display affection and intimacy while assisting the residents in everyday situations in a care home. All of the examples involve touching a person’s shoulder, stroking or giving half-embraces, typical resources used to construct affiliation between caregivers and residents. This article illustrates how affective touch facilitates interaction by regulating participation and calming down residents, by mitigating the controlling aspect of caring, and by fostering a positive interpersonal relationship. The care situations presented in this article contain crucial pauses within talk that are used to construct a peaceful atmosphere. During these crucial moments, embodied action effectively indicates an orientation to listening and establishes a presence to accomplish the actions in that situational talk. This analysis contributes to the studies on embodied interaction and on interpersonal relationships in care for older adults.

I would like to thank Camilla Lindholm, an anonymous reviewer as well as Maria Frick and Hanna Lappalainen for valuable comments on the earlier versions of this article.
Using post transplant 1 week Tc-99m DTPA renal scan as another method for predicting renal graft failure
Authors: Chong Ari , Ha Jung-Min , Choi Nam kyu , Shin Min ho
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The aims of this study were to determine whether post transplant renal scan performed at around 1 week can predict graft failure, and to identify the best predictive factors among easy-to-measure variables.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent Tc-99m DTPA renal scan at approximately 1 week after renal transplantation. They were separated into two categories at 3 months after the operation; graft failure and non-failure. Graft failure was confirmed by biopsy (rejection). Non-failure was confirmed either by biopsy or clinical follow-up with serum creatine (Cr). Scan parameters including glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Hilson perfusion index, peaks of the iliac and graft perfusion curves were analyzed. Clinical variables including age, sex, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, serum Cr, type of donated kidney, side of transplant, and immunosuppressant were also analyzed.

Results

Among total 45 patients, graft failure was present in 11 cases. The serum Cr level was significantly higher in the failure group. Among scan variables, only the GFR was significantly different between groups. GFR of <44.48 mL/min was predictive of graft failure (sen 88.9%). Serum Cr level >2.13 mg/dL was also predictive (sen 72.7%).

Conclusion

GFR on renal scan at approximately 1 week after kidney transplant can predict graft failure.
Männlichkeit und Sucht: Blinder Fleck in Prävention und Versorgung?
Authors: Altgeld Thomas
Published: June 2019

Obwohl große geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Risiko- und Konsumverhalten, Prävalenzen von Suchterkrankungen und der Inanspruchnahme von Behandlungsangeboten bekannt sind, gibt es kaum männerspezifische Suchttherapie- oder Präventionsangebote. Dabei zeigen Männer bei fast allen Suchtformen mehr Auffälligkeiten als Frauen. Der Zusammenhang von Rollenerwartungen, Männlichkeitskonzepten und Sucht bietet gute Ansatzpunkte für erfolgreiche männerspezifische Behandlungs- und Präventionskonzepte.
Männergesundheit und Ungleichheit
Authors: Bardehle Doris
Published: June 2019

Vorzeitige Sterblichkeit

Die Ungleichheit der Männergesundheit wird in diesem Beitrag am Beispiel der vorzeitigen Sterblichkeit gegenüber Frauen dargestellt. Das Ziel dieses nachhaltigen Indikators besteht in einer Senkung der Mortalität der Männer auf 190 und die der Frauen auf 100 je 100.000 Personen bis 2030. Herausgestellt wird, wie groß die Unterschiede in der Sterblichkeit zwischen Männern und Frauen bis 69 Jahren sind. Außerdem werden für das Jahr 2016 die vorzeitige Sterblichkeit, die Unfallsterblichkeit und die Suizidsterblichkeit alters- und geschlechtsspezifisch verglichen.
Gendertransformative Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Brand Tilman , Gencer Hande , Jahn Ingeborg
Published: June 2019

Die Verringerung von geschlechtsbezogener gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit ist eines der zentralen Ziele von Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Dabei sind neben der vorherrschenden Zweigeschlechtlichkeit auch andere Ausprägungen geschlechtlicher Identität in den Blick zu nehmen. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir das Konzept der gendertransformativen Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung vor, welches auf den systematischen Einbezug und die Veränderung von gesundheitsrelevanten Geschlechterverhältnissen abzielt.
Laser Application in Photovoltaics for Surface Texturization of Silicon and Front Electrode Deposition
Authors: Dobrzański Leszek A. , Drygała Aleksandra
Published: June 2019

The laser technology in the manufacturing of solar cells has become an indispensable element of modern photovoltaic technology. The main reason for taking up such research is because conventional methods used for monocrystalline silicon texturization are ineffective when applied to polycrystalline silicon texturing. This is related to random distribution of grains of different crystalographic orientations on the surface of polycrystalline silicon. Texturing a polycrystalline silicon surface using an Nd:YAG laser makes it possible to increase absorption of the incident solar radiation. The additional technological operation of etching in potassium hydroxide solution introduced into the technology of the photovoltaic cells manufactured from laser-textured wafers allows for improvement in electrical performance compared with cells produced from nontextured wafers. Moreover, this article presents the influence of selective laser sintering of front metallization that was manufactured using paste based on silver nanopowder on contact resistant. The electrodes were formed on monocrystalline silicon solar cells. The microstructures of laser-textured silicon and sintered front metallization were investigated by scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. The reflectance of produced textures was measured by spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. Current-voltage characteristics of solar cells manufactured from laser-textured polycrystalline silicon wafer were measured under standard AM 1.5 radiation. The contact resistance between the metal and semiconductor was investigated using the transmission line model.
Conservation of Biodiversity and Poverty in Costa Rica: Analysis by Planning Regions
Authors: Arroyo-Zeledón Michael Steven , Zúñiga-Arias Guillermo
Published: June 2019

One of the main strategies to preserve biodiversity has been the creation of protected areas, and some authors argue that such action will also have economic benefits for the human communities involved. Nevertheless, in several countries a spatial coincidence between these areas and poverty has been registered. This work evaluated whether there was more poverty in Costa Rican districts that have larger areas in inland national park or biological reserves. As an estimator of poverty in the districts, the Costa Rican index of social development (ISD) was used. For the whole country, districts with protected (DPA) areas had a lower ISD than those without them (DNPA). This result was also observed in the Central and Huetar Caribe planning regions; the opposite happened in the Huetar Norte region. The differences between planning regions offer opportunities for further research.
Por qué estudiar bibliotecología y archivística: revisión de los motivos de elección profesional y de estrategias institucionales
Authors: Vallejo-Sierra Ruth Helena
Published: June 2019

Este documento revisa las razones por las cuales se estudia Bibliotecología y Archivística y las estrategias institucionales para captar estudiantes. Se parte de un estudio general sobre la profesión, que considera no solo a estudiantes, sino a profesionales, expertos y empleadores a través de un estudio mixto que permite conocer la opinión de este grupo sobre las motivaciones y dificultades para estudiar la carrera; se concluye que esta es una reflexión pendiente por problemas en la comunicación de la profesión, el conocimiento de los aspirantes y los conflictos para armonizar cantidad y calidad de estudiantes.
Los datos enlazados y el descubrimiento de vinculaciones en el universo bibliográfico
Authors: Ávila Barrientos Eder
Published: June 2019

El universo bibliográfico es un contexto complejo y en constante evolución, conformado por entidades, datos y relaciones de índole bibliográfica. La disciplina bibliotecológica ha estudiado a este universo desde la óptica de la organización de la información documental. Las tecnologías de la información han ejercido una fuerte influencia en este universo, provocando el surgimiento de nuevos recursos y enfatizando la importancia que tienen los datos que los conforman. El universo bibliográfico y la web semántica son ambientes paralelos que pueden contar con patrones de conexión. Para ello, es necesario que la normatividad bibliotecaria se adapte a los principios de la web semántica. Linked Data es un modelo para la generación, publicación y vinculación de datos estructurados en la web. Este modelo ha sido identificado por la comunidad bibliotecaria y adaptado en los modelos conceptuales BIBFRAME y LRM-IFLA. El objetivo de este trabajo recae en analizar la aplicación de los principios de Linked Data, para la identificación de patrones que permitan descubrir las vinculaciones de datos existentes en el universo bibliográfico. Se presentan los hallazgos obtenidos de la aplicación e integración de los principios de Linked Data en el registro bibliográfico y se explica el concepto derivativo de datos enlazados bibliográficos.
Tanning, Spinning, and Gathering Together: Intergenerational Indigenous Learning in Textile Arts
Authors: Hanson Cindy , Griffith Heather Fox
Published: June 2019

Intergenerational Learning in Indigenous Textile Communities of Practice was an interdisciplinary arts- and community-based study that inquired into the intergenerational practices of beading and weaving in two Indigenous contexts – one in Southern Chile and the other in Northern Saskatchewan, Canada. The research process involved building relational networks, developing decolonizing methodologies, and working with collaborators, elders, community coordinators, and members of Indigenous textile communities of practice. The research methods, which are a focus of this article, included the use of artifacts to draw out memories and stories of intergenerational learning and to engage the communities in deciding how to share the knowledge generated. Both the data gathering methods and the knowledge mobilization led to arts-based outcomes. The study specifically inquired into how learning is structured and passed on to subsequent generations within communities of practice and the findings provide insights into the way this knowledge is transferred and/or disrupted. Critical reflection on the process highlighted some of the challenges that arose – both with the academic researcher and the community and inside the community.
Strengthening All Our Relations
Authors: Moore Sylvia
Published: June 2019

This article is a reflection on an education research project, based in a Mi’kmaw community, which brought together staff and students from North Queens School with community members from Wildcat First Nation to collaborate in a project involving Atlantic salmon and bass in the Mi’kmaw community. Framed in the Mi’kmaw concept of msit no’kmaq (all my relations), the writing explores four strands of interconnectivity that exemplify how engaged scholarship with Indigenous communities is based in respectful and reciprocal relationships. The four strands represent relationships: between adults, adults and children, humans and salmon, and people and the land.
Determinación sociohistórica y literal de La ciudad y los perros (1963) de Mario Vargas Llosa
Authors: Delgado Del Aguila Jesús Miguel
Published: June 2019

En primer lugar, se hará una breve descripción del contexto histórico y político sobre esta novela; para ello, se tendrán en cuenta algunas acotaciones que aluden a la situación, no solo nacional, sino mundial. Como segundo apartado, se sostendrán las ideologías política y filosófica que se presentan en ese mismo contexto. El tercer tema argumenta una resumida información en función del boom latinoamericano (definición, técnicas y representantes), junto a una mención vinculada con los aportes que estaría brindando Vargas Llosa a la Literatura. El cuarto tópico implica la presentación misma de La ciudad y los perros (1963), la cual se propondrá en ese apartado tan solo con una visión general y sintética de su contenido. El quinto abarca la recepción crítica de esta obra; es decir, la hermenéutica o los estudios realizados en torno a esta novela, en la que se distinguen los temas reincidentes. Estos cinco primeros tópicos servirían para la formación de un marco panorámico sobre el autor y el estudio que ha hecho la crítica literaria en función de la novela analizada.  *** Determinação sócio-histórica e literal Da cidade e dos cães (1963) por Mario Vargas Llosa ***Em primeiro lugar, será feita uma breve descrição do contexto histórico e político desta novela; para isso, serão consideradas algumas dimensões que aludem à situação, não apenas nacional, mas mundial. Como segunda seção, as ideologias políticas e filosóficas que são apresentadas nesse mesmo contexto serão sustentadas. O terceiro tópico discute uma informação resumida com base no boom latino-americano (definição, técnicas e representantes), juntamente com uma menção relacionada às contribuições que Vargas Llosa ofereceria à literatura. O quarto tópico envolve a apresentação Da cidade e dos cães (1963), que será proposto nessa seção com apenas uma visão geral e sintética de seu conteúdo. O quinto cobre a recepção crítica deste trabalho; isto é, a hermenêutica ou os estudos realizados em torno desta novela, em que os assuntos recidivistas são distinguidos. Esses cinco primeiros tópicos serviriam para formar um quadro panorâmico sobre o autor e o estudo que a crítica literária fez com base no romance analisado.Palavras-chave: Contexto histórico. Boom latino-americano. Análise literária. Sociedade. Fenomenologia. Existencialismo
A outridade em Paulo Leminski
Authors: Cherpinski Adriane , Libanori Evely Vânia
Published: June 2019

Recortes poéticos da obra O ex-estranho, de Paulo Leminski, servem como ponto de análise da outridade, que se constitui no deslocamento do ser para o próprio interior. Ao abandonar suas condições do senso comum, o homem encontra na poesia a possibilidade de identificar sentidos que muitas vezes são indizíveis no nível da linguagem. A outridade dura o instante suficiente para captar tais sentidos e causar a surpresa que resulta a estupefação do óbvio, do evidente. Trata-se de um estudo teórico bibliográfico que corresponde à abordagem analítica centrada na outridade. As considerações finais revelam o trânsito do eu lírico no trajeto do deslocamento para a outridade e seu retorno às condições cotidianas. O termo outridade é empregado por Octávio Paz na obra O arco e a lira para designar o “outro” no ser humano, ou seja, ele mesmo; esse “outro” que causa estranheza a si mesmo e que questiona a própria identidade, primeiro pela repulsa, em seguida pela fascinação e, por última, pela vertigem. O “outro” que também é “eu”, é o duplo tentando se capturar, mas que escapa, dando sentido à solidão.