bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of lung tumorigenesis by transient reprogramming in cancer cells
Authors: Pedrosa Pablo , Zhang Zhenguang , Nuñez-Quintela Victor , Macias David , Ge Jianfeng , Denholm Mary , Dyas Anna , Estevez-Souto Valentin , Lado-Fernandez Patricia , Gonzalez Patricia , Gomez Maria , Martin Jose Ezequiel , Da Silva-Alvarez Sabela , Collado Manuel , Muñoz-Espín Daniel
Published: November 2024

Oncogenic transformation and Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc (OSKM)-mediated induction of pluripotency are two independent and incompatible cellular fates. While continuous expression of OSKM can convert normal somatic cells into teratogenic pluripotent cells, it remains speculative what is the impact of transient OSKM expression in cancer cells. Here, we find that OSKM expression limits the growth of transformed lung cells by inducing apoptosis and senescence. We identify Oct4 and Klf4 as the main individual reprogramming factors responsible for this effect. Mechanistically, the induction of cell cycle inhibitor p21 downstream of the reprogramming factors acts as mediator of cell death and senescence. Using a variety of in vivo systems, including allografts, orthotopic transplantation and KRAS-driven lung cancer mouse models, we demonstrate that transient reprogramming by OSKM expression in cancer cells impairs tumor growth and reduces tumor burden. Altogether, our results show that the induction of transient reprogramming in cancer cells is antitumorigenic opening novel potential therapeutic avenues in oncology.
Effect of individually tailored nutritional counseling on frailty status in older adults with protein-energy malnutrition or risk of it: an intervention study among home care clients
Authors: Kaipainen Tarja , Hartikainen Sirpa , Tiihonen Miia , Nykänen Irma
Published: November 2024

Background

Frailty and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are common in older home care clients. In this study, we evaluate the effect of individually tailored dietary counseling on frailty status among home care clients with PEM or its risk aged 75 or older with a follow-up of six months.

Methods

This intervention study is part of the non-randomized population-based Nutrition, Oral Health and Medication (NutOrMed) study in Finland. The frailty was assessed using the abbreviated Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (aCGA) and included 15 questions from three different domains: cognitive status (MMSE), functional status (ADL, IADL) and depression (GDS-15). The study population consisted of persons with PEM or its risk (intervention group n = 90, control group n = 55). PEM or its risk was defined by MNA score <24 and/or plasma albumin <35 g/l. Registered nutritionist gave individually tailored nutritional counseling for participants at the baseline and nutritional treatment included conventional food items.

Results

The mean age was 83.9 in the intervention and 84.3 in the control group. At the baseline frailty prevalence was 74.4% (n = 67) and after six-month 61.1% (n = 55) in the intervention group and, respectively 74.5% (n = 41) and 80.0% (n = 44) in the control group. The intervention decreased significantly (p < 0.001) the prevalence of frailty in the intervention group, while it increased in the control group.

Conclusions

Individually tailored nutritional counseling reduces the prevalence of frailty among vulnerable home care clients with PEM or its risk. In the nutritional treatment of frailty, adequate intake of protein and energy should be a cornerstone of treatment.
On-chip petahertz electronics for single-shot phase detection
Authors: Ritzkowsky Felix , Yeung Matthew , Bebeti Engjell , Gebert Thomas , Matsuyama Toru , Budden Matthias , Mainz Roland E. , Cankaya Huseyin , Berggren Karl K. , Rossi Giulio Maria , Keathley Phillip D. , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: November 2024

Attosecond science has demonstrated that electrons can be controlled on the sub-cycle time scale of an optical waveform, paving the way towards optical frequency electronics. However, these experiments historically relied on high-energy laser pulses and detection not suitable for microelectronic integration. For practical optical frequency electronics, a system suitable for integration and capable of generating detectable signals with low pulse energies is needed. While current from plasmonic nanoantenna emitters can be driven at optical frequencies, low charge yields have been a significant limitation. In this work we demonstrate that large-scale electrically connected plasmonic nanoantenna networks, when driven in concert, enable charge yields sufficient for single-shot carrier-envelope phase detection at repetition rates exceeding tens of kilohertz. We not only show that limitations in single-shot CEP detection techniques can be overcome, but also demonstrate a flexible approach to optical frequency electronics in general, enabling future applications such as high sensitivity petahertz-bandwidth electric field sampling or logic-circuits.
Compression theory for inhomogeneous systems
Authors: Gökmen Doruk Efe , Biswas Sounak , Huber Sebastian D. , Ringel Zohar , Flicker Felix , Koch-Janusz Maciej
Published: November 2024

The physics of complex systems stands to greatly benefit from the qualitative changes in data availability and advances in data-driven computational methods. Many of these systems can be represented by interacting degrees of freedom on inhomogeneous graphs. However, the lack of translational invariance presents a fundamental challenge to theoretical tools, such as the renormalization group, which were so successful in characterizing the universal physical behaviour in critical phenomena. Here we show that compression theory allows the extraction of relevant degrees of freedom in arbitrary geometries, and the development of efficient numerical tools to build an effective theory from data. We demonstrate our method by applying it to a strongly correlated system on an Ammann-Beenker quasicrystal, where it discovers an exotic critical point with broken conformal symmetry. We also apply it to an antiferromagnetic system on non-bipartite random graphs, where any periodicity is absent.
ARMH3 is an ARL5 effector that promotes PI4KB-catalyzed PI4P synthesis at the trans-Golgi network
Authors: Ishida Morié , Golding Adriana E. , Keren-Kaplan Tal , Li Yan , Balla Tamas , Bonifacino Juan S.
Published: November 2024

ARL5 is a member of the ARF family of small GTPases that is recruited to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) by another ARF-family member, ARFRP1, in complex with the transmembrane protein SYS1. ARL5 recruits its effector, the multisubunit tethering complex GARP, to promote SNARE-dependent fusion of endosome-derived retrograde transport carriers with the TGN. To further investigate the function of ARL5, we sought to identify additional effectors. Using proximity biotinylation and protein interaction assays, we found that the armadillo-repeat protein ARMH3 (C10orf76) binds to active, but not inactive, ARL5, and that it is recruited to the TGN in a SYS1-ARFRP1-ARL5-dependent manner. Unlike GARP, ARMH3 is not required for the retrograde transport of various cargo proteins. Instead, ARMH3 functions to activate phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KB), accounting for the main pool of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at the TGN. This function contributes to recruitment of the oncoprotein GOLPH3 and glycan modifications at the TGN. These studies thus identify the SYS1-ARFRP1-ARL5-ARMH3 axis as a regulator of PI4KB-dependent generation of PI4P at the TGN.
Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states
Authors: De Palma Franco , Oppliger Fabian , Jang Wonjin , Bosco Stefano , Janík Marián , Calcaterra Stefano , Katsaros Georgios , Isella Giovanni , Loss Daniel , Scarlino Pasquale
Published: November 2024

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in planar germanium (Ge) heterostructures have emerged as front-runners for future hole-based quantum processors. Here, we present strong coupling between a hole charge qubit, defined in a double quantum dot (DQD) in planar Ge, and microwave photons in a high-impedance (Zr = 1.3 kΩ) resonator based on an array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). Our investigation reveals vacuum-Rabi splittings with coupling strengths up to g0/2π = 260 MHz, and a cooperativity of C ~ 100, dependent on DQD tuning. Furthermore, utilizing the frequency tunability of our resonator, we explore the quenched energy splitting associated with strong Coulomb correlation effects in Ge QDs. The observed enhanced coherence of the strongly correlated excited state signals the presence of distinct symmetries within related spin functions, serving as a precursor to the strong coupling between photons and spin-charge hybrid qubits in planar Ge. This work paves the way towards coherent quantum connections between remote hole qubits in planar Ge, required to scale up hole-based quantum processors.
Single-cell transcriptomics unveils molecular signatures of neuronal vulnerability in a mouse model of prion disease that overlap with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Slota Jessy A. , Lamoureux Lise , Frost Kathy L. , Sajesh Babu V. , Booth Stephanie A.
Published: November 2024

Understanding why certain neurons are more sensitive to dysfunction and death caused by misfolded proteins could provide therapeutically relevant insights into neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we harnessed single-cell transcriptomics to examine live neurons isolated from prion-infected female mice, aiming to identify and characterize prion-vulnerable neuronal subsets. Our analysis revealed distinct transcriptional responses across neuronal subsets, with a consistent pathway-level depletion of synaptic gene expression in damage-vulnerable neurons. By scoring neuronal damage based on the magnitude of depleted synaptic gene expression, we identified a diverse spectrum of prion-vulnerable glutamatergic, GABAergic, and medium spiny neurons. Comparison between prion-vulnerable and resistant neurons highlighted baseline gene expression differences that could influence neuronal vulnerability. For instance, the neuroprotective cold-shock protein Rbm3 exhibited higher baseline gene expression in prion-resistant neurons and was robustly upregulated across diverse neuronal classes upon prion infection. We also identified vulnerability-correlated transcripts that overlapped between prion and Alzheimer’s disease. Our findings not only demonstrate the potential of single-cell transcriptomics to identify damage-vulnerable neurons, but also provide molecular insights into neuronal vulnerability and highlight commonalties across neurodegenerative disorders.
Chronic inflammation degrades CD4 T cell immunity to prior vaccines in treated HIV infection
Authors: Kießling Melissa , Cole John J. , Kübel Sabrina , Klein Paulina , Korn Klaus , Henry Amy R. , Laboune Farida , Fourati Slim , Harrer Ellen , Harrer Thomas , Douek Daniel C. , Überla Klaus , Nganou-Makamdop Krystelle
Published: November 2024

To date, our understanding of how HIV infection impacts vaccine-induced cellular immunity is limited. Here, we investigate inflammation, immune activation and antigen-specific T cell responses in HIV-uninfected and antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected people. Our findings highlight lower recall responses of antigen-specific CD4 T cells that correlate with high plasma cytokines levels, T cell hyperactivation and an altered composition of the T subsets enriched with more differentiated cells in the HIV-infected group. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that antigen-specific CD4 T cells of the HIV-infected group have a reduced expression of gene sets previously reported to correlate with vaccine-induced pathogen-specific protective immunity and further identifies a consistent impairment of the IFNα and IFNγ response pathways as mechanism for the functional loss of recall CD4 T cell responses in antiretroviral-treated people. Lastly, in vitro treatment with drugs that reduce inflammation results in higher memory CD4 T cell IFNγ responses. Together, our findings suggest that vaccine-induced cellular immunity may benefit from strategies to counteract inflammation in HIV infection.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of circular consumer electronics based on IC recycling and emerging PCB assembly materials
Authors: Zhang Tianwei , Bainbridge Andrew , Harwell Jonathon , Zhang Shoushou , Wagih Mahmoud , Kettle Jeff
Published: November 2024

As consumer microelectronics become ever more ubiquitous, there are growing concerns about their environmental impact. However, the diversity of designs and components used in modern devices makes a coherent mitigation strategy hard to formulate. In this work, we perform a quantitative life cycle assessment (LCA) of the environmental profiles of both high-value (a smartwatch) and low-value (a TV remote) devices and find that the optimal mitigation strategy varies substantially between these two extremes. We find that the impact of the smartwatch is dominated by the production costs of its integrated circuits (ICs), and so a priority on device lifetime and design-for-recycling of the ICs is the best path to minimizing impact. On the other hand, the TV remote’s impact is dominated by the cost of its fiberglass (FR4) substrate, with the much simpler ICs playing a much smaller role. Our results show that the impact of low-cost devices is best mitigated by incorporating eco-friendly substrates and additive manufacturing techniques, while also minimizing the use of critical raw materials (CRMs). These results will help guide future industrial strategies, and we provide a list of challenges and opportunities in making electronics green.
Exploring neuropsychiatric symptoms in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Karamazovova Simona , Stovickova Lucie , Jester Dylan J. , Matuskova Veronika , Paulasova-Schwabova Jaroslava , Kuzmiak Michaela , Zumrova Alena , Andel Ross , Vyhnalek Martin
Published: November 2024

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in hereditary ataxias as a part of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. In Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), one of the most common hereditary ataxias, depressive symptoms were previously reported, but little is known about other NPS. We aimed to study the presence and severity of a broad range of NPS in individuals with FRDA and assess the relationship between the NPS and the disease severity, cognition, and quality of life and to examine the concordance between the NPS reported by the patients and by their informants. Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C), a questionnaire designed for screening NPS in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases, was administered to informants of individuals with FRDA and healthy controls and to people with FRDA themselves. Compared to healthy controls, patients with FRDA scored significantly higher in the total MBI-C score, emotion dysregulation domain (corresponding to depression and anxiety), and decreased motivation domain. When assessed by caregiver, the total MBI-C score and several NPS domains correlated with activities of daily living. Only psychotic symptoms were related to ataxia severity and general cognition. When endorsed by patients, only the relation between few MBI-C domains and quality of life was observed. We found slight to moderate agreement between informant-rated and patient-rated scores. NPS, particularly emotion dysregulation and decreased motivation, are common and clinically relevant in FRDA and should receive more attention due to their potential impact on quality of life and the possibility of therapeutic intervention.
The association between novel urinary kidney damage biomarkers and coronary atherosclerosis in an apparently healthy population
Authors: Lin Yi-Ting , Wuopio Jonas , Larsson Anders , Malinovschi Andrei , Feldreich Tobias , Engström Gunnar , Fall Tove , Ärnlöv Johan
Published: November 2024

Several novel urinary kidney damage biomarkers predict the progression of kidney disease. However, the relations of these biomarkers to atherosclerosis, a major consequence of kidney disease, are less studied. Urinary levels of several biomarkers, including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), osteopontin, epidermal growth factor, and Dickkopf-3, were assessed in participants enrolled in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study. The study included 9,628 individuals with a mean age of 57.5 years, of which 52.4% were women. The presence of coronary artery stenosis and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) were determined using coronary computed tomography angiography. To analyze the associations between coronary atherosclerosis and urinary biomarker levels, an ordered logistic regression model adusting for confounding factors was employed. KIM-1 was the only biomarker associated with both coronary stenosis and CACS after adjusting for established cardiovascular risk factors (odds ratio [95% confidence intervals], 1.23[1.05–1.44] and 1.25[1.07–1.47]). These results were consistent in sensitivity analyses of individuals without hypertension, diabetes, or known cardiovascular disease and with normal kidney function. Urinary KIM-1, a specific marker of proximal tubular damage, was robustly linked to coronary atherosclerosis even in apparently healthy individuals, which suggests that the detrimental interplay between the kidney and cardiovascular system begins before clinically overt kidney disease. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the urinary KIM-1 to predict kidney and cardiovascular disease.
Caffeine content in filter coffee brews as a function of degree of roast and extraction yield
Authors: Lindsey Zachary R. , Williams Joshua R. , Burgess James S. , Moore Nathan T. , Splichal Pierce M.
Published: November 2024

The effect of degree of roast on resulting caffeine content in brewed coffee has been extensively researched, but conflicting methodologies and results have muddled development of a general conclusion. In this study, 30 unique combinations of green coffee variety, degree of roast, and brew time were investigated regarding extraction yield and caffeine content. An AeroPress brewer was used to prepare brew samples using a 15:1 mass ratio of brew water to ground coffee. Refractometry and HPLC were respectively used to measure extraction yield and caffeine content of brewed samples. Scanning electron microscopy was used to measure porosity of roasted seeds and showed increasing porosity with the degree of roast. Extraction yields generally decreased for roast batches with roasting mass losses greater than $$\sim$$
∼
12–14%, and caffeine concentrations in 10-min brews decreased for roast batches with drop temperatures greater than $$\sim$$
∼
400–420 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

F. Under identical brewing conditions, caffeine concentrations in brewed samples were generally lower for dark roasts than light and medium roasts. However, at identical extraction yields, dark roasts generally exhibited higher caffeine concentrations than lighter roasted coffees. It is likely that the volatilization or decomposition of soluble compounds and increased porosity due to roasting act as competing mechanisms that determine compound concentrations in resulting brews.
Preparation and kinetic studies of a new antibacterial sodium alginate gelatin hydrogel composite
Authors: ElTatawy Reem A. , Ismail Amel M. , Ayoup Mohammed Salah , Ismail Magda M. F. , Fetouh Howida Abouel
Published: November 2024

This study involved synthesis of a novel antibacterial heterocyclic compound, sodium 2-(2-(3-phenyl-1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenoxy) acetate abbreviated as Na-POPA. Further development of a biocompatible, pH-responsive hydrogel drug carrier prepared utilizing the natural polymers gelatin and sodium alginate. The compound loaded on the hydrogel represented new drug delivery system. Comprehensive characterization of Na-POPA was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The compound was loaded onto the sodium alginate/gelatin hydrogel carrier under feasible experimental conditions. The successful incorporation of Na-POPA into the hydrogel matrix was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD) analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that the all the loaded and unloaded compound induced cell toxicity at large concentration much lower than many reported results. The hydrogel reduced the inherent cytotoxicity of Na-POPA and enhanced its biocompatibility. The release kinetics of Na-POPA from the hydrogel were evaluated spectrophotometrically at different pH conditions simulating biological fluids. The release rate at pH 1.2 was greater than the release at pH 6.8, with a higher cumulative release observed at pH 6.8. The release kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a controlled release mechanism influenced by the hydrogel’s physicochemical properties. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry further confirmed that the compound release was pH-dependent. The high swelling and solubility at pH 6.8 enhance the release. The larger amount released at 6.8 (target intestine) because of more solubility, leaching and swelling rather than shrinking.
Controlled layer-by-layer assembly and structured coloration of Ti3C2Tz MXene/polyelectrolyte heterostructures
Authors: Neal Natalie N. , Arole Kailash , Cao Huaixuan , Kotasthane Vrushali , Xiang Sisi , Ross Diego , Stevenson Peter R. , Radovic Miladin , Green Micah J. , Lutkenhaus Jodie L.
Published: November 2024

Structural color arises from light scattering rather than organic pigments and can be found in Nature, such as in bird feathers and butterfly wings. Synthetic materials can mimic Nature by leveraging materials with contrasting optical characteristics by controlling each materials’ spatial arrangement in a heterostructure. Two-dimensional MXene nanosheets are particularly interesting due to their unique optical properties, but MXenes have not been used directly as a structural colorant because it is challenging to control the spatial placement of MXenes at the nanometer level. Here, we report the emergence of structural color in layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies of Ti3C2Tz MXene nanosheets and polyelectrolyte heterostructures with controlled block thicknesses. The block thickness and spatial placement of MXene are controlled by the assembly’s salt concentration and number of layer pairs. This work demonstrates that optical characteristics of MXene/polyelectrolyte heterostructures depend on MXene content and placement, while deepening the understanding of MXenes within structural color films.
Spatial resolution enhancement using deep learning improves chest disease diagnosis based on thick slice CT
Authors: Yu Pengxin , Zhang Haoyue , Wang Dawei , Zhang Rongguo , Deng Mei , Yang Haoyu , Wu Lijun , Liu Xiaoxu , Oh Andrea S. , Abtin Fereidoun G. , Prosper Ashley E. , Ruchalski Kathleen , Wang Nana , Zhang Huairong , Li Ye , Lv Xinna , Liu Min , Zhao Shaohong , Li Dasheng , Hoffman John M. , Aberle Denise R. , Liang Chaoyang , Qi Shouliang , Arnold Corey
Published: November 2024

CT is crucial for diagnosing chest diseases, with image quality affected by spatial resolution. Thick-slice CT remains prevalent in practice due to cost considerations, yet its coarse spatial resolution may hinder accurate diagnoses. Our multicenter study develops a deep learning synthetic model with Convolutional-Transformer hybrid encoder-decoder architecture for generating thin-slice CT from thick-slice CT on a single center (1576 participants) and access the synthetic CT on three cross-regional centers (1228 participants). The qualitative image quality of synthetic and real thin-slice CT is comparable (p = 0.16). Four radiologists’ accuracy in diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia using synthetic thin-slice CT surpasses thick-slice CT (p < 0.05), and matches real thin-slice CT (p > 0.99). For lung nodule detection, sensitivity with thin-slice CT outperforms thick-slice CT (p < 0.001) and comparable to real thin-slice CT (p > 0.05). These findings indicate the potential of our model to generate high-quality synthetic thin-slice CT as a practical alternative when real thin-slice CT is preferred but unavailable.
Allosteric substrate release by a sialic acid TRAP transporter substrate binding protein
Authors: Schneberger Niels , Hendricks Philipp , Peter Martin F. , Gehrke Erik , Binder Sophie C. , Koenig Paul-Albert , Menzel Stephan , Thomas Gavin H. , Hagelueken Gregor
Published: November 2024

The tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters enable Vibrio cholerae and Haemophilus influenzae to acquire sialic acid, aiding their colonization of human hosts. This process depends on SiaP, a substrate-binding protein (SBP) that captures and delivers sialic acid to the transporter. We identified 11 nanobodies that bind specifically to the SiaP proteins from H. influenzae (HiSiaP) and V. cholerae (VcSiaP). Two nanobodies inhibited sialic acid binding. Detailed structural and biophysical studies of one nanobody-SBP complex revealed an allosteric inhibition mechanism, preventing ligand binding and releasing pre-bound sialic acid. A hydrophobic surface pocket of the SBP is crucial for the allosteric mechanism and for the conformational rearrangement that occurs upon binding of sialic acid to the SBP. Our findings provide new clues regarding the mechanism of TRAP transporters, as well as potential starting points for novel drug design approaches to starve these human pathogens of important host-derived molecules.
Conserved glucokinase regulation in zebrafish confirms therapeutic utility for pharmacologic modulation in diabetes
Authors: Schmitner Nicole , Thumer Sophie , Regele Dominik , Mayer Elena , Bergerweiss Ines , Helker Christian , Stainier Didier Y. R. , Meyer Dirk , Kimmel Robin A.
Published: November 2024

Glucokinase (GCK) is an essential enzyme for blood glucose homeostasis. Because of its importance in glucose metabolism, GCK is considered an attractive target for the development of antidiabetic drugs. However, a viable therapeutic agent has still to emerge, prompting efforts to improve understanding of the complex regulation and biological effects of GCK. Using the vertebrate organism zebrafish, an attractive model to study metabolic diseases and pharmacological responses, we dissected the complexities of gck regulation and unraveled effects of Gck modulation. We found that while gck expression in zebrafish islet cells is constitutive, gck expression in the liver is regulated by nutritional status, confirming similarity to the mammalian system. A combination of transgenic gck reporter lines and our diabetes model, the pdx1 mutant, allowed monitoring of gck expression under pathological conditions, revealing reduced gck expression and activity in the liver, which was unresponsive to nutrient stimulation, and decreased expression in the islet due to the reduced number of β-cells. Gck activation substantially ameliorated hyperglycemia in pdx1 mutants, without inducing oxidative stress responses in liver or islet. In-depth characterization of Gck activity and regulation at the cellular level in a whole-organism diabetes model clarifies its applicability as a drug target for therapies.
Ultra-lightweight rechargeable battery with enhanced gravimetric energy densities >750 Wh kg−1 in lithium–sulfur pouch cell
Authors: Kakiage Kenji , Yano Toru , Uehara Hiroki , Kakiage Masaki
Published: November 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) rechargeable batteries have been expected to be lightweight energy storage devices with the highest gravimetric energy density at the single-cell level reaching up to 695 Wh kg(cell)−1, having also an ultralow rate of 0.005 C only in the first discharge. Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is one of the sulfur-based active materials, which allows more freedom in the Li–S cell design because it shows no undesirable reactions with electrolyte solutions. Here we present an original Li–S pouch cell construction, ADEKA’s Lithium–Sulfur/Pouch Cell (ALIS-PC). It is an ultra-lightweight rechargeable battery cell, which is designed by combining the SPAN cathode and effective ten technologies involving chemical engineering. As a result, the highest gravimetric energy densities of 713 and 761 Wh kg(cell)−1 after some charge-and-discharge cycles, which were based on the total mass of all cell components, were achieved with successful operating at 0.1 and 0.05C-rates, respectively, significantly exceeding those of commercial lithium-ion and next-generation rechargeable batteries in development.
Insights into durability against resistance from the antibiotic nitrofurantoin
Authors: Kettlewell Riannah , Jones Charlotte , Felton Timothy W. , Lagator Mato , Gifford Danna R.
Published: November 2024

Nitrofurantoin has shown exceptional durability against resistance over 70 years of use. This longevity stems from factors such as rapid achievement of therapeutic concentrations, multiple physiological targets against bacteria, low risk of horizontal gene transfer, and the need to acquire multiple mutations to achieve resistance. These combined features limit resistance emergence and spread of nitrofurantoin resistance. We propose nitrofurantoin as an exemplar for developing other durable treatments.
Policy options for sustainable access to off-patent antibiotics in Europe
Authors: Panteli Dimitra , Anderson Michael , Fieldman Thomas , Baraldi Enrico , Tängdén Thomas , Vogler Sabine , Årdal Christine , Mossialos Elias
Published: November 2024

Securing sustainable access to existing antibiotics optimises agent choice for individual treatments and is crucial to curb antibiotic resistance. Access to antibiotics is often restricted in many countries, due to general market unavailability or episodic shortages. This article outlines key policy options to maintain availability of existing antibiotics and enhance antibiotic supply chain resilience focusing on the perspectives of European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) institutions and member states.
NHC-BH2-C60H: synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of the N-heterocyclic-carbene-stabilized fullerene–borane complex
Authors: Yuan Sheng-Hu , Ma Shu-Chao , Wu Jian , Zheng Xiu-Ying , Xuan Jun , Li Fei
Published: November 2024

NHC-[60]fullereborane (NHC-BH2-C60H) has been synthesized, isolated in pure form, and characterized. The reaction of C60 with NHC–borane produced NHC-BH2-C60H as the first air-stable and separatable fullerene–borane compound.
Crystalline potassium boryl dithiolate and diselenolate
Authors: Dai Yuyang , Wang Yu , Wang Liliang , Qi Fan , Li Qianli , Kong Lingbing
Published: November 2024

Reduction of 1,2,4-trichalcogena-3,5-diborolanes with KC8 afforded the first isolable examples of boryl dithiolate and diselenolate.
One-pot synthesis of crystalline polycarbonate-block-polyesters
Authors: Shang Bingkai , Xiao Min , Wang Shuanjin , Han Dongmei , Huang Sheng , Guo Hui , Meng Yuezhong
Published: November 2024

We herein describe a simple and efficient one-pot synthesis approach to prepare crystalline polycarbonate–polyester diblock copolymers by copolymerizing tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, CO2, and ethylene oxide using a metal-free catalyst.
Topochemical synthesis of anion-intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide superconductor S0.66(2)WS2
Authors: Sun Ruijin , Li Haodong , Zhang Duo , Liu Zhaolong , Ma Yuxin , Meng Dezhong , Zhao Changchun
Published: November 2024

This work successfully synthesized S0.66(2)WS2 bulk single crystals, confirming the successful intercalation of sulfur in the M-WS2 interlayer space.
Stacking interactions in stabilizing supramolecular assembly of M[9C]2M complexes: dynamic stability with remarkable nonlinear optical features
Authors: Ahsin Atazaz , Qamar Aamna , Kaviani Sadegh , Vetrivelan V.
Published: November 2024

Stacking interactions stabilizing the supramolecular assembly of alkali and alkaline earth metal complexes: the static electronic and dynamic nonlinear optical properties.
Exploring high-connectivity three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks: topologies, structures, and emerging applications
Authors: Chen Fengqian , Zheng Haorui , Yusran Yusran , Li Hui , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong
Published: November 2024

The design principles, development process, structural analysis, applications, challenges, and future directions of high-connectivity 3D COFs.
Design of low temperature La2O3 oxidative coupling of methane catalysts using feature engineering and automated sampling
Authors: Garcia-Escobar Fernando , Takahashi Lauren , Shaaban Ali , Nishimura Shun , Takahashi Keisuke
Published: November 2024

Machine learning with feature engineering is employed to design heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane, resulting in the identification of four active catalysts whose catalytic activities are experimentally validated.
Semi-transparent solar cells: strategies for maximum power output in cities
Authors: Wong Vox Kalai , Ho Johnny Ka Wai , Wong Wallace W. H. , So Shu Kong
Published: November 2024

Despite tinted transmission, semi-transparent solar cells using the band selective method exhibit higher performance at similar transparency levels, with PCE (28% vs. 22%) and LUE (23% vs. 19%), thus higher power output in empirical city irradiance.
Ferulic acid and protocatechuic acid alleviate atherosclerosis by promoting UCP1 expression to inhibit the NLRP3-IL-1β signaling pathway
Authors: Hong Kexin , Wang Jiting , Kang Xiping , Xue Huimin , Gao Yunxiao , Liang Heming , Huang Weidong , Zhan Jicheng , You Yilin
Published: November 2024

Administering ferulic acid and protocatechuic acid, which can activate brown fat thermogenesis, to ApoE−/− mice can alleviate atherosclerosis.
Deciphering the potential of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf as an anti-obesity agent: phytochemical profiling, in vivo evaluations and molecular docking studies
Authors: Aly Omnia , Mekky Reham Hassan , Pereira Florbela , Diab Yasser M. , Tammam Mohamed A. , El-Demerdash Amr
Published: November 2024

Cymbopogon citratus methanolic extract shows anti-obesity effects in HCHFD rats by reducing lipids, glucose, and gene expression. Flavones bind to APJ protein, confirming its hypolipidemic activity and potential for managing obesity.
Enhancing the radionuclide theranostic concept through the radiohybrid approach
Authors: Krönke Tobias , Kopka Klaus , Mamat Constantin
Published: November 2024

The radiohybrid concept: a significant extension of radionuclide theranostics – a fast-growing field in radiopharmaceutical sciences offering personalised and precise treatment options by combining specific diagnosis with targeted endoradiotherapy.
Electrostatic adsorptive loading of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole on chitosan nanoparticles to prolong the drug delivery process with preserved antibacterial activities: formulation and characterization
Authors: Jahura Fatema Tuj , Ferdousi Farhana Khanam , Mostofa Kamal Abu Hena , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Ehsan Md. Qamrul , Hossain Mohammad Abul
Published: November 2024

Chitosan-based homogeneous nanoparticles of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole with improved loading efficiency to enhance the controlled release of drug within the human body were formulated and evaluated.
Protein corona formation on different-shaped CdSe/CdS semiconductor nanocrystals
Authors: Kuroi Kunisato , Kanazawa Yuta , Shinaridome Akane , Yasuda Yuna , Jung Minkyo , Pack Chan-Gi , Fujii Fumihiko
Published: November 2024

Nanoparticles in biological environments adsorb proteins, forming a “protein corona”. This study investigates how nanoparticle shape influences the formation of the protein corona using differently shaped semiconductor nanocrystals.
Unveiling nanoparticle–immune interactions: how super-resolution imaging illuminates the invisible
Authors: Herath Herath D. W. , Hu Ying S.
Published: November 2024

This mini-review focuses on how super-resolution techniques uncover the detailed interactions between nanoparticles and immune cells.
Heparin sodium enriched gelatin/polycaprolactone based multi-layer nanofibrous scaffold for accelerated wound healing in diabetes
Authors: Dhondale Madhukiran R. , Manjit Manjit , Jha Abhishek , Kumar Manish , Bharti Kanchan , Kumar Dinesh , Mishra Brahmeshwar
Published: November 2024

A layer-by-layer electrospinning approach was employed to modify the release rate of heparin sodium from the multi-layered nanofiber scaffold for accelerated diabetic wound healing.
Pyrene-based, red-emitting, aggregation-induced emission luminogens: from structural construction to anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Li Hua-Long , Xue Zeng-Min , Yang Guang , Meng Fei , Lin Hong-Tao , Zhao Wen-Xuan , Chen Shu-Hai , Wang Chuan-Zeng
Published: November 2024

A facile strategy was established to build pyrene-based red-emitting materials with AIEE and mechanochromic behavior. These findings hold significant potential for applications in fluorescent anti-counterfeiting and latent fingerprint extraction.
Ethanol-assisted in situ stimulated graphene oxide as support for CuO/NiO nanoparticles
Authors: Baruah Manash J. , Saikia Eramoni , Gour Nand Kishor , Singh N. Priyanshu , Borthakur Bitupon , Mohan Uttam , Das Arup Jyoti , Kemprai Rahul , Sarmah Bikash K. , Dutta Rupjyoti , Park Young-Bin , Das Biraj , Sharma Mukesh
Published: November 2024

Herein we report the first successful synthesis of ethanol-assisted in situ generated reduced graphene oxide as a support for CuO/NiO nanoparticles.
Facile assembly of flexible humidity sensors based on nanostructured graphite/zinc oxide-coated cellulose fibrous frameworks for human healthcare
Authors: Ullah Zaka , Mustafa Ghulam M. , Raza Ali , Khalil Adnan , Awadh Bahajjaj Aboud Ahmed , Batool Rashida , Sonil Nazmina Imrose , Ali Irfan , Nazar Muhammad Faizan
Published: November 2024

The work presents the assembly of a flexible humidity sensor based on graphite/ZnO-NPs coating on cellulose paper. The sensor shows high sensitivity and a short response time. It offers notable potential for human breath monitoring.
Comprehensive analysis of electrochemical biosensors for early ovarian cancer detection
Authors: El-Gammal Marwa A. , Sayed Fatma E. , Allam Nageh K.
Published: November 2024

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women worldwide.
Environmental problems of emerging toxic metals and treatment technology and methods
Authors: Zhang Yanhao , Shen Zhiyuan , Zhou Wenlu , Liu Chengying , Li Yi , Ding Botao , Zhang Peng , Zhang Xu , Zhang Zhibin
Published: November 2024

The increasing industrial use of toxic metals essential for modern electronics and renewable energy presents significant environmental and health challenges.
Unveiling the spatial rearrangements of exhausted immobilised multi-enzyme systems through cryo-X-ray fluorescence nanoprobe imaging
Authors: Santiago-Arcos Javier , Salome Murielle , López-Gallego Fernando , Sanchez-Cano Carlos
Published: November 2024

Studying the rearrangement of enzymes immobilised in porous supports with X-ray spectroscopy at a sub-micron resolution provides new insights into the exhaustion mechanisms of heterogeneous biocatalysts under drastic and operational conditions.
Hydroselenation of olefins: elucidating the β-selenium effect
Authors: Phun Gabriel S. , Slocumb Hannah S. , Ruud Kirsten J. , Nie Shaozhen , Antonio Cheyenne , Furche Filipp , Dong Vy M. , Yang Xiao-Hui
Published: November 2024

We report a light-promoted hydroselenation of alkenes with high anti-Markovnikov selectivity. Mechanistic studies reveal a β-selenium effect, which imparts high anti-selectivity for radical addition through delocalization of a HAT transition state.
P+ addition and transfer involving a tetraphosphenium ion
Authors: Franz Roman , Bartek Máté , Bruhn Clemens , Kelemen Zsolt , Pietschnig Rudolf
Published: November 2024

Formal addition of “P+” to an electrophilic bisphosphanylphosphenium ion, results in the formation of a dicationic tetraphosphenium ion featuring a remarkably long P–P bond between trivalent P-atoms and super Lewis acidic character.
A review of water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems
Authors: Qi Peihan , Wu Zhenxing , Mou Jiegang , Wu Denghao , Gu Yunqing , Xu Maosen , Li Zekai , Luo Yang
Published: November 2024

Water management has been an unavoidable problem for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and effective water management measures can improve the performance and extend the lifespan of the PEMFC.
Illustrating the potential of oxynitrides: harnessing solar power for efficient water splitting
Authors: Yadav Priya , C. A. Anil , Naidu Boddu S.
Published: November 2024

Band energy diagram of oxides, oxynitrides and nitrides. Oxynitrides are idela candidates for water splitting.
Electrostriction contribution to the electromechanical response of cast chitosan films
Authors: Guzmán Sierra Dayana L. , Zhang Qiancheng , Kolagatla Srikanth , Vilarinho Paula M. , Nunes Cláudia , Rodriguez Brian J. , Ferreira Paula
Published: November 2024

A systematic study of the electromechanical response of chitosan cast films using piezoresponse force microscopy and multimodal analysis reveals that the electrostriction is the primary contribution.
Layered Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite nanosheets on TiO2 nanorods for high-performance heterostructure photodetectors
Authors: Ashokan Gunasekaran , Subramani Sadhasivam , Vellingiri Gowthambabu , Nallathambi Anbarasan , Kulandaivel Jeganathan
Published: November 2024

An inorganic Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite heterostructure layer deposited over TiO2 nanorod arrays via halide chemical vapor deposition for photodetector applications.
Correction: In optimized rubrene-based nanoparticle blends for photon upconversion, singlet energy collection outcompetes triplet-pair separation, not singlet fission
Authors: Bossanyi David G. , Sasaki Yoichi , Wang Shuangqing , Chekulaev Dimitri , Kimizuka Nobuo , Yanai Nobuhiro , Clark Jenny
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘In optimized rubrene-based nanoparticle blends for photon upconversion, singlet energy collection outcompetes triplet-pair separation, not singlet fission’ by David G. Bossanyi et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 4684–4696, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TC02955J.
A Comprehensive Investigation of Anomaly Detection Methods in Deep Learning and Machine Learning: 2019–2023
Authors: Kumari Shalini , Prabha Chander , Karim Asif , Hassan Md. Mehedi , Azam Sami
Published: November 2024

Almost 85% of companies polled said they were looking into anomaly detection (AD) technologies for their industrial image anomalies. The present problem concerns detecting anomalies often occupied by redundant data. It can be either in images or in videos. Finding a correct pattern is a challenging task. AD is crucial for various applications, including network security, fraud detection, predictive maintenance, fault diagnosis, and industrial and healthcare monitoring. Many researchers have proposed numerous methods and worked in the area of AD. Multiple anomalies and considerable intraclass variation make industrial datasets tough. Further, research is needed to create robust, efficient techniques that generalize datasets and detect anomalies in complex industrial images. The outcome of this study focuses on various AD methods from 2019 to 2023. These techniques are categorized further into machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and federated learning (FL). It explores AD approaches, datasets, technologies, complexities, and obstacles, emphasizing the requirement for effective detection across domains. It explores the results achieved in various ML, DL, and FL AD methods, which helps researchers explore these techniques further. Future research directions include improving model performance, leveraging multiple validation techniques, optimizing resource utilization, generating high‐quality datasets, and focusing on real‐world applications. The paper addresses the changing environment of AD methods and emphasizes the importance of continuing research and innovation. Each ML and DL AD model has strengths and shortcomings, concentrating on accuracy and performance while applying quality parameters for evaluation. FL provides a collaborative way to improve AD using distributed data sources and data privacy.
Domain‐adaptation‐based named entity recognition with information enrichment for equipment fault knowledge graph
Authors: Xiong Dengrui , Li Xinyu , Gao Liang , Gao Yiping
Published: November 2024

Numerous files, such as records and logs, are generated in the process of equipment diagnosis and maintenance (D&M). These files contain lots of unstructured plain text. Knowledge in these files could be reused for similar equipment faults. In practice, knowledge presented in plain text is hard to acquire. Thus, automated named entity recognition (NER) and relation extraction (RE) methods based on pretrained encoders could be used to extract entities and relations and develop a structured knowledge graph (KG), thus facilitating intelligent manufacturing. However, equipment fault NER exhibits suboptimal performance with existing encoders pretrained on general‐domain corpus. In this paper, domain‐adaptation‐based NER with information enrichment is proposed for developing an equipment fault KG. A domain‐adapted encoder is tailored for equipment fault NER through domain‐adaptive pretraining (DAPT). Update of word segmentation dictionary and adjustment of masking approach are implemented during DAPT for information enrichment, which helps make the most of the limited domain‐specific pretraining corpus. Experimental results show that the F1 score of NER is improved by 1.22% using the domain‐adapted encoder compared to its counterpart using the encoder pretrained on general‐domain corpus. Furthermore, a reliable and robust question answering (QA) application of the developed equipment fault KG is also shown.
Efficient class‐agnostic obstacle detection for UAV‐assisted waterway inspection systems
Authors: Alonso Pablo , Íñiguez de Gordoa Jon Ander , Ortega Juan Diego , Nieto Marcos
Published: November 2024

Ensuring the safety of water airport runways is essential for the correct operation of seaplane flights. Among other tasks, airport operators must identify and remove various objects that may have drifted into the runway area. In this paper, the authors propose a complete and embedded‐friendly waterway obstacle detection pipeline that runs on a camera‐equipped drone. This system uses a class‐agnostic version of the YOLOv7 detector, which is capable of detecting objects regardless of its class. Additionally, through the usage of the GPS data of the drone and camera parameters, the location of the objects are pinpointed with 0.58 m Distance Root Mean Square. In our own annotated dataset, the system is capable of generating alerts for detected objects with a recall of 0.833 and a precision of 1.