bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of unsuccessful noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure in heterogeneous neuromuscular diseases: a retrospective study
Authors: Kataoka Hiroshi , Nanaura Hitoki , Kinugawa Kaoru , Uchihara Yuto , Ohara Hiroya , Eura Nobuyuki , Syobatake Ryogo , Sawa Nobuhiro , Takao Kiriyama , Sugie Kazuma , Ueno Satoshi
Published: March 2017

If invasive ventilation can be avoided by performing noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF), the disease can be effectively managed. It is important to clarify the characteristics of patients with neuromuscular diseases in whom initial NIV is likely to be unsuccessful. We studied 27 patients in stable neuromuscular condition who initially received NIV to manage fatal ARF to identify differences in factors immediately before the onset of ARF among patients who receive continuous NIV support, patients who are switched from NIV to invasive ventilation, and patients in whom NIV is discontinued. Endpoints were evaluated 24 and 72 hours after the initiation of NIV. After 24 hours, all but 1 patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) received continuous NIV support. 72 hours later, 5 patients were switched from NIV to invasive ventilation, and 5 patients continued to receive NIV support. 72 hours after the initiation of NIV, the proportion of patients with a diagnosis of ALS differed significantly among the three groups (P=0.039). NIV may be attempted to manage acute fatal respiratory failure associated with neuromuscular diseases, but clinicians should carefully manage the clinical course in patients with ALS.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Non–Time-Loss Injuries in Collegiate and High School Student-Athletes
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Lynall Robert C. , Roos Karen G. , Dalton Sara L. , Djoko Aristarque , Dompier Thomas P.
Published: March 2017

Context: 

Research on non–time-loss (NTL) injuries, which result in less than 24 hours of restriction from participation, is limited.

Objective: 

To describe the epidemiology of NTL injuries among collegiate and high school student-athletes.

Design: 

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting: 

Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from a convenience sample of National College Athletic Association varsity teams and 147 high schools in 26 states.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Collegiate and high school student-athletes participating in men's and boys' baseball, basketball, football, lacrosse, soccer, and wrestling and women's and girls' basketball, field hockey, lacrosse, soccer, softball, and volleyball during the 2009–2010 through 2013–2014 and the 2011–2012 through 2013–2014 academic years, respectively, participated. Collegiate student-athletes participating in men's and women's ice hockey were also included.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Injury data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program and the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network were analyzed. Injury counts, rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), and rate ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: 

A total of 11 899 and 30 122 NTL injuries were reported in collegiate and high school student-athletes, respectively. The proportion of NTL injuries in high school student-athletes (80.3%) was 1.61 times greater than that of collegiate student-athletes (49.9%; 95% CI = 1.59, 1.63). The NTL injury rate in high school student-athletes (8.75/1000 athlete-exposures [AEs]) was 2.18 times greater than that of collegiate student-athletes (4.02/1000 AEs; 95% CI = 2.13, 2.22). Men's ice hockey (5.27/1000 AEs) and boys' football (11.94/1000 AEs) had the highest NTL injury rates among collegiate and high school athletes, respectively. Commonly injured body parts in collegiate and high school student-athletes were the hip/thigh/upper leg (17.5%) and hand/wrist (18.2%), respectively. At both levels, contusions, sprains, and strains were the most frequent diagnoses. Contact with another player was the most cited injury mechanism (college = 38.0%, high school = 46.3%).

Conclusions: 

Non–time-loss injuries compose large proportions of collegiate and high school sports injuries. However, the NTL injury rate was higher in high school than in collegiate student-athletes. Tracking NTL injuries will help to better describe the breadth of injuries sustained by athletes and managed by athletic trainers.
Isostatic residual gravity anomaly map, Canada
Authors: Jobin D M , Véronneau M , Miles W
Published: March 2017

The isostatic residual gravity anomaly map of Canada shows variations in the gravity field caused by lateral variations in the density of Earth's crust and upper mantle that reflect differences in composition and thickness. Systematic gravity mapping in Canada
began in 1944 and is ongoing. All Canadian gravity data are tied to the International Gravity Standardization Network 1971 (IGSN71) to create a coherent dataset at the global scale. Local gravity anomalies result from the juxtaposition of relatively high- and low-density rock types. The isostatic
anomaly map emphasizes the short wavelength components in the gravity field representing nearer surface sources by removing long wavelength features caused by predictable mass deficiencies at depth.
First vertical derivative of gravity anomalies map, Canada
Authors: Jobin D M , Véronneau M , Miles W
Published: March 2017

The first vertical derivative of gravity anomalies map of Canada shows variations in the gravity field caused by lateral variations in the density of Earth's crust and upper mantle that reflect differences in composition and thickness. Systematic gravity mapping
began in Canada in 1944 and is ongoing. All Canadian gravity data are tied to the International Gravity Standardization Network 1971 (IGSN71) to create a coherent dataset at the global scale. Local gravity anomalies result from the juxtaposition of relatively high- and low-density rock types.
Shorter-wavelength anomalies, representing nearer-surface density contrasts, are enhanced by the derivative filter.
Paratuberculosis in a domestic dog in South Africa
Authors: Miller Michele A. , Davey Sewellyn C. , Van Helden Lesley S. , Kettner Frank , Weltan Sandy M. , Last Rick , Grewar John D. , Botha Louise , Van Helden Paul D.
Published: March 2017

This case report shows that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection can cause clinical disease in domestic dogs, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. A male dachshund presented with lethargy and pain. Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes were found on abdominal ultrasound examination. Cytological examination of lymph node aspirates was consistent with granulomatous inflammation, which was culture-confirmed as MAP. Although we were unable to confirm the source of infection, the dog’s history included exposure to sheep in the Western Cape.
Evaluation of perlite, wood shavings and corncobs for bedding material in rats
Authors: Yildirim Fatih , Yildirim Betül A. , Yildiz Ahmet , Kapakin Terim Kübra A. , Cengiz Seyda , Özdemir Selçuk
Published: March 2017

Bedding material, which is a significant part of rodent housing, affects the health and well-being of laboratory animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate perlite as a bedding material for rodents and to compare it with wood shavings, expanded perlite and corncobs. The animals used in this experiment were 48 male and 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats. The bedding materials collected from experimental groups were analysed microbiologically. Blood samples from rats were subjected to biochemical analysis for catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, superoxide and dismutase, and foot pad skins of rats were subjected to histopathological examination. Body weight was determined at the end of the 30-day period. Perlite as the only bedding material had no effect on body weight, and it resulted in less microbial activity compared with the wood shavings, expanded perlite and corncobs. However, using perlite alone had negative effects on the skin, the moisture percentage of bedding and stress parameters. A wood shavingsperlite combination gave better results than perlite alone and appropriate perlite and other bedding material mixtures may result in bedding materials conducive to animal health and welfare. The frequency of changing the bedding material should be limited to once weekly.
Demographics of Eucalyptus grandis and implications for invasion
Authors: Musengi Kudakwashe , Archibald Sally
Published: March 2017

Alien invasive species can have negative impacts on the functioning of ecosystems. Plantation species such as pines have become serious invaders in many parts of the world, but eucalypts have not been nearly as successful invaders. This is surprising considering that in their native habitat they dominate almost all vegetation types. Available theory on the qualities that characterise invasive species was used to assess the invasive potential of Eucalyptus grandis – a common plantation species globally. To determine rates of establishment of E. grandis outside plantations, we compared population demographics and reproductive traits at two locations in Mpumalanga, South Africa: one at higher elevation with more frost. Eucalyptus grandis has a short generation time. We found no evidence that establishment of E. grandis was limiting its spread into native grassland vegetation, but it does appear that recruitment is limited by frost and fire over much of its range in Mpumalanga. Populations at both study locations displayed characteristics of good recruitment. Size class distributions showed definite bottlenecks to recruitment which were more severe when exposed to frost at higher elevations. Generally, the rate of spread is low suggesting that the populations are on the establishing populations’ invasion stage. This research gives no indication that there are any factors that would prevent eucalyptus from becoming invasive in the future, and the projected increase in winter temperatures should be a cause for concern as frost is currently probably slowing recruitment of E. grandis across much of its planted range.Conservation implications: Eucalyptus plantations occur within indigenous grasslands that are of high conservation value. Frost and fire can slow recruitment where they occur, but there are no obvious factors that would prevent E. grandis from becoming invasive in the future, and monitoring of its rates of spread is recommended.
Message from the Editor
Authors: Myer Landon
Published: March 2017

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Progressive HIV infection in the presence of a raised CD4+ count: HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection
Authors: Haeri Mazanderani Ahmad Farid , Ebrahim Osman
Published: March 2017

There are a number of pathophysiological causes for a normal or raised CD4 count in the context of progressive HIV infection. These include various co-infections, previous splenectomy, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Such circumstances can both confound HIV diagnosis and delay initiation of chemoprophylaxis and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We describe the case of a patient co-infected with HIV and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) who, prior to HAART initiation, was found to have progressive immune deficiency associated with a raised CD4 count.
Representación del Otro en publicidad social: Análisis publicidad gráfica en redes sociales de ONGD
Authors: Arely Donis Claudia , Martín Casado Teresa Gema
Published: March 2017

Este artículo presenta el discurso y la representación del Otro en la publicidad social, entendiendo al “Otro” como cualquier colectivo, grupo social o cultural a quien se refieran  en el mensaje publicitario de las ONGD. Se exponen las características con las cuales en las últimas décadas se ha representado en la publicidad social a poblaciones que se encuentren en alguna situación de vulnerabilidad, exclusión o pertenezcan colectivos o grupos minoritarios.A través de un análisis de contenido se hace un registro de la publicidad social gráfica que hace referencia a la representación del Otro por parte de ONGD españolas, publicados en redes sociales entre los años 2011-2016. De acuerdo a la cantidad de publicaciones, se relaciona el sector de vinculación de las organizaciones y se analiza si existen diferencias en sus representaciones, así como el tipo de discurso que exponen en sus mensajes publicitarios sobre estos grupos. Con los resultados se pretende comprobar, a través de un análisis crítico del discurso y de la imagen, si se legitiman relaciones sociales de subordinación entre y hacia grupos sociales o culturales representados en los mensajes.
Physiological values of some blood indicators in selected dwarf rabbit breeds
Authors: Šimek V. , Zapletal D. , Straková E. , Pavlík A. , Suchý P.
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breed on haematological and biochemical indicators in 3 dwarf rabbit breeds. In the experiment, 30 sexually intact dwarf rabbit females aged 6 mo were used. With the sole exception of white blood cells and haematocrit value, breed had the most significant effect on the majority of haematological indicators monitored. The red blood cell count was higher in the Dwarf Lop compared to the Netherland Dwarf (+1.91×1012 cells/L; P<0.05) and also the Teddy Dwarf (+1.32×1012 cells/L; P<0.05). For haemoglobin concentration, a higher value was found in the Netherland Dwarf than in the Teddy Dwarf (+39.29 g/L; P<0.05) and the Dwarf Lop (+26.36 g/L; P<0.05). For erythrocytic indicators, the highest values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were found in the Netherland Dwarf. The breed had a significant effect on the urea and potassium values. A higher value of urea was recorded in the Dwarf Lop compared to the Teddy Dwarf (+1.56 mmol/L; P<0.05). For potassium, a higher value was found in the Netherland Dwarf compared to the Teddy Dwarf (+0.85 mmol/L; P<0.05). In addition, a significantly positive correlation (P<0.05) was found between the live weight of dwarf females and values of haematocrit (0.49), albumin (0.54), alanine aminotransferase (0.51), and aspartate aminotransferase (0.41), while a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) was found between their live weight and values of triacylglycerols (–0.44), alkaline phosphatase (–0.38) and inorganic phosphorus (–0.52). 
Progression of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 upon vaccination in an industrial rabbitry: a laboratorial approach
Authors: Carvalho C.L. , Duarte E.L. , Monteiro J.M. , Afonso C. , Pacheco J. , Carvalho P. , Mendonça P. , Botelho A. , Albuquerque T. , Themudo P. , Fevereiro M. , Henriques A.M. , Santos Barros S.S. , Dias Duarte M.
Published: March 2017

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) emerged recently in several European countries, leading to extensive economic losses in the industry. In response to this new infection, specific inactivated vaccines were developed in Europe and full and rapid setup of protective immunity induced by vaccination was reported. However, data on the efficacy of these vaccines in an ongoing-infection scenario is unavailable. In this study we investigated an infected RHDV2 indoor industrial meat rabbitry, where fatalities continued to occur after the implementation of the RHDV2 vaccination, introduced to control the disease. The aim of this study was to understand if these mortalities were RHDV2-related, to discover if the dead animals showed any common features such as age or time distance from vaccination, and to identify the source of the outbreak. Anatomo-pathological analysis of vaccinated animals with the virus showed lesions compatible with systemic haemorrhagic disease and RHDV2-RNA was detected in 85.7% of the animals tested. Sequencing of the vp60 gene amplified from liver samples led to the recognition of RHDV2 field strains demonstrating that after the implementation of vaccination, RHDV2 continued to circulate in the premises and to cause sporadic deaths. A nearby, semi-intensive, RHDV2 infected farm belonging to the same owner was identified as the most probable source of the virus. The main risk factors for virus introduction in these two industries were identified. Despite the virus being able to infect a few of the vaccinated rabbits, the significant decrease in mortality rate observed in vaccinated adult rabbits clearly reflects the efficacy of the vaccination. Nonetheless, the time taken to control the infection also highlights the importance of RHDV2 vaccination prior to the first contact with the virus, highly recommendable in endemic areas, to mitigate the infection’s impact on the industry.
Effect of dietary organic zinc sources on growth performance, incidence of diarrhoea, serum and tissue zinc concentrations, and intestinal morphology in growing rabbits
Authors: Yan J.Y. , Zhang G.W. , Zhang C. , Tang L. , Kuang S.Y.
Published: March 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary organic zinc (Zn) sources on growth performance, the incidence of diarrhoea, serum and tissue Zn concentration, and intestinal morphology in growing rabbits. A total of 120 New Zealand White rabbits aged 35 d and with an initial body weight of 755±15 g, were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups for a 49 d feeding trial. Dietary treatments were designed with different Zn supplements as follows: (1) Control group: 80 mg/kg Zn as ZnSO4; (2) ZnLA group: 80 mg/kg Zn as Zn lactate; (3) ZnMet group: 80 mg/kg Zn as Zn methionine; (4) ZnGly group: 80 mg/kg Zn as Zn glycine. The results showed that, when compared with rabbits fed ZnSO4, supplementation with ZnLA improved (P<0.05) growth performance and led to a lower (P<0.01) incidence of diarrhoea. ZnLA supplement increased the liver Zn concentration (58.97 vs. 46.59 mg/g; P<0.05) compared with rabbits fed ZnSO4. Supplementing with ZnLA increased duodenum villi height (681.63 vs. 587.14 μm, P<0.05) and decreased duodenum crypt depth (141.69 vs. 168.91 μm; P<0.05) when compared to that of the control group. However, experimental results obtained ZnMet and ZnGly supplementation were no significantly different to ZnSO4, except that feeding ZnMet led to higher (P<0.05) Zn concentrations in serum and liver than rabbits fed ZnSO4. The results indicated that supplementation with 80 mg/kg Zn as ZnLA could improve growth performance, increase liver Zn concentration and enhance duodenum morphology, while reducing the incidence of diarrhoea in growing rabbits.
A Study of Correlation between Subjective Sensation of Nose Block and Objective Assessment of Nasal Patency by Cold Spatula Test in a Patient with Nose Block
Authors: Kapadia Parth B , Chaudhari Anand V , Contractor Jaymin A , Patel Rahul B , Patel Jalpa A
Published: March 2017

The complaint of a nose block is often a complex clinical problem by itself. There is no consensus about the value of objective measurements of nasal patency. However, the perception of nasal airflow ultimately is a subjective sensation and, therefore, difficult to quantify. In this study, we have objectively evaluated 75 patients coming to our institute with the complaint of nose block. The mean area of air blast of both the nasal cavities of each patient was calculated by cold spatula test using modified “Glatzel mirror (GM),” and the subjective sensation of nose block was compared on each visit. We observed that both medical and surgical interventions objectively did improve the area of air blast in both unilateral and bilateral nose block patients. This also correlated with the increase in subjective sensation of relief from nose block in the patients. Thus, we could conclude that in patients with nose block, both medical and surgical interventions improved the area of air blast (p < 0.001), which correlated with the subjective sensation of relief in nose block. Thus, in standard conditions, cold spatula test using modified GM can be used to objectively evaluate the nasal patency.

How to cite this article

Kapadia PB, Chaudhari AV, Contractor JA, Patel RB, Suratwala JN, Patel JA. A Study of Correlation between Subjective Sensation of Nose Block and Objective Assessment of Nasal Patency by Cold Spatula Test in a Patient with Nose Block. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):1-5.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Lateral Nasal Wall: An Unusual Entity
Authors: Bhardwaj Aparna , Rathi Sonam
Published: March 2017

Pleomorphic adenomas occurring in the nasal cavity are rarely encountered; nevertheless, the abundance of minor seromucinous glands in that region is seen. Most cases present with a painless, slowly progressing unilateral nasal obstruction, a nasal mass, and epistaxis. Herewith, we present an unusual case of pleomorphic adenoma arising from the lateral wall of right nasal cavity in a 41-year-old male, who complained of right nasal obstruction with no history of epistaxis. Rigid nasal endoscopy revealed a swelling continuous with right inferior concha. Computed tomography showed a well-defined, soft tissue mass in the right nasal cavity. The lesion was completely excised endoscopically. Histopathology confirmed a pleomorphic adenoma consisting of epithelial and mesenchymal elements. Wide exposure is crucial for complete excision with negative margins to achieve positive outcome and to prevent recurrence.

How to cite this article

Pandey AK, Bhardwaj A, Maithani T, Rathi S. Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Lateral Nasal Wall: An Unusual Entity. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):11-13.
Ectopic Inferior Orbital Meningioma
Authors: Ahuja Chirag , Gupta Pankaj , Kumar Abiraj , Moharana Bruttendu , Vaiphei Kim
Published: March 2017

Aim

To present a unique case of ectopic orbital meningioma presenting in anteroinferior part of orbit.

Introduction

Primary orbital meningiomas arise from the optic nerve sheath and constitute 10 to 30% of orbital meningiomas. Secondary orbital meningiomas represent 70 to 90% of orbital meningiomas and are the direct extension of intracranial meningiomas into the orbit. Rarely, ectopic rests of arachnoid cells give rise to meningiomas separate from optic nerve sheath. Ectopic orbit meningioma is a rare tumor arising from ectopic arachnoidal tissue. The present case report describes an elderly patient with ectopic orbital meningioma in anteroinferior quadrant.

Case report

A 70-year-old female patient presented with slowly growing mass in the inferior part of right orbit. This lesion was firm in consistency and not fixed to skin or bone. Computed tomography scan showed a homogeneous mass lesion in anteroinferior part of right orbit without any bony changes. The orbital mass was excised. Anatomic-pathologic evaluation of the excised specimen revealed a benign meningioma of a meningotheliomatous type.

Conclusion

Ectopic orbital meningioma may present in elderly patients in anteroinferior orbit.

Clinical significance

An ectopic orbital meningioma should be considered in differential diagnosis of firm orbital mass presenting in anteroinferior orbit.

How to cite this article

Gupta P, Kumar A, Moharana B, Vaiphei K, Ahuja C. Ectopic Inferior Orbital Meningioma. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):32-35.
An Immunocompetent Patient with Isolated Cryptococcosis of the Nasal Cavity: Surgical Treatment without Systemic Antifungal Agents
Authors: Park Seong K , Kim Do H
Published: March 2017

The mode of cryptococcal transmission to humans is believed to be through inhalation of aerosolized droppings, which cause asymptomatic pulmonary granulomata in immunocompetent patients. Extrapulmonary infections have been associated with various immunocompromised states, and these infections are relatively rare in immunocompetent patients. In general, cryp tococcal sinus infections are treated with surgical intervention and administration of systemic antifungal agents. However, there is doubt that systemic antifungal agents are necessary in immunocompetent patients with no complications. We report an otherwise healthy woman with cryptococcosis of the nasal cavity who was treated surgically without systemic antifungal agents.

How to cite this article

Park SK, Kim DH. An Immunocom petent Patient with Isolated Cryptococcosis of the Nasal Cavity: Surgical Treatment without Systemic Antifungal Agents. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):36-38.
Ringertz Tumor with Malignant Transformation
Authors: Prinja Sumit , Davessar Jai L , Luthra Heera
Published: March 2017

Introduction

An inverted papilloma is a benign tumor that is found in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. Inverted papilloma accounts for approximately 0.5 to 2.0% of all nasal tumors. While it is considered benign, an inverted papilloma can destroy the surrounding bone. In a small number of cases (5-15%), an inverted papilloma may be found with a squamous cell carcinoma; one such case is reported.

Case report

A 70-year-old male presented with complaints of right-sided nasal blockage, which progressively increased over time and nasal discharge since one and half years with occasional history of epistaxis. On anterior rhinoscopic examination, there was a fleshy polypoidal mass filling the right nasal cavity. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a soft tissue density mass filling maxillary sinus and posterior choana with mild enhancement. Endoscopic medial maxillectomy was performed with complete removal of mass. Histopathological diagnosis was given as inverted sinonasal papilloma with malignant transformation. The patient was referred to a cancer reference center for treatment and received combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Patient was disease free at 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion

An inverted papilloma is a benign tumor with a propensity for malignant change. For these reasons, inverted papilloma should be treated like malignant tumor of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

How to cite this article

Prinja S, Davessar JL, Luthra H, Kaur M. Ringertz Tumor with Malignant Transformation. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):39-41.
Influence of Mechanical and Chemical Degradation in the Surface Roughness, Gloss, and Color of Microhybrid Composites
Authors: Lemos Cleidiel AA , Mauro Silvio J , dos Santos Paulo H , Briso André LF , Fagundes Ticiane C
Published: March 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of different degradations on the roughness, gloss, and color changes of microhybrid composites.

Materials and methods

Ten specimens were prepared for Charisma, Amelogen Plus, Point 4, and Opallis resins. Surfaces were polished and baseline measurements of roughness, gloss, and color were recorded. Specimens were then submitted to chemical and mechanical challenges, and the specimens were reevaluated. Roughness and gloss were analyzed by Kruskal – Wallis and Dunn's test (p < 0.05). Color change (ΔE) was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). The initial and final data were compared using the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). Spearman test checked the correlation between the roughness and gloss (p < 0.05).

Results

Regarding surface roughness and gloss, there was no difference between composites before challenges. However, all composites showed a significant increase of roughness after challenges, with highest values for Charisma. The gloss was influenced by challenges, evidencing the best gloss for Point 4. Charisma showed the highest value of color change. There was no correlation between surface roughness and gloss for the initial analysis, and after the challenges.

Conclusion

Composites were influenced by association of challenges, and Charisma showed the highest changes for roughness, gloss, and color.

Clinical significance

The type of composite resin influenced the properties of materials, which are surface roughness, gloss, and color change. The dentist should be aware of the performance of different brands, to choose the correct required composite resin for each type of patient or region to be restored.

How to cite this article

Lemos CAA, Mauro SJ, dos Santos PH, Briso ALF, Fagundes TC. Influence of Mechanical and Chemical Degradation in the Surface Roughness, Gloss, and Color of Microhybrid Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):283-288.
Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on Push-out Bond Strength of Four Calcium Silicate-based Endodontic Materials when used for repairing Perforations on Human Dentin: An in vitro Evaluation
Authors: Alsubait Sara A
Published: March 2017

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the push-out bond strength of NeoMTA Plus (NMTA), EndoSequence root repair material fast set putty (ERRMF), biodentine (BD), and ProRoot white mineral trioxide aggregate (PMTA) when used as perforation repair materials after exposure to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) during the early setting phase.

Materials and methods

Horizontal midroot sections were prepared from single-rooted human teeth. Sections (n = 144) were randomly divided into four groups: PMTA, BD, NMTA, and ERRMF. Materials were condensed and allowed to set for 10 minutes. The groups were further divided into two subgroups. The NaOCl group included specimens that were immersed in 2.5% NaOCl for 30 minutes, and the control group included specimens on which a wet cotton pellet was placed over the test material. After 48 hours, the highest force applied to the materials at the time of dislodgement was recorded. Slices were then examined under a digital microscope to evaluate the nature of the bond failure. The surfaces of two specimens from each subgroup were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed with two-way and one-way analysis of variances, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests. The statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results

In NaOCl-treated groups, PMTA showed a significantly higher push-out bond strength than the other three materials (p = 0.00). In the control groups, the bond strength of BD was significantly higher than that of PMTA, ERRMF, and NMTA (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, NaOCl treatment significantly increased the push-out bond strength of PMTA (p = 0.00) and ERRMF (p = 0.00) and significantly reduced the bond strength of BD (p = 0.00) and NMTA (p = 0.03). None of the specimens showed an adhesive type of failure. The majority of the samples exhibited a cohesive failure type. Morphological observations revealed that the surfaces exhibited cubic crystals. In ERRMF, the crystals were few in number. Sodium hypochlorite enhanced the crystallization of NMTA.

Conclusion

The push-out bond strengths of PMTA and ERRMF were significantly increased after exposure to 2.5% NaOCl in the early setting phase, and those of BD and NMTA were significantly decreased.

Clinical Significance

The results of the present study suggest that early exposure of NaOCl increase the push-out bond strength of PMTA and ERRMF. PMTA had the highest push-out values. Therefore, it would be a potentially useful perforation repair material for single visit endodontic treatment.

How to cite this article

Alsubait SA. Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on Push-out Bond Strength of Four Calcium Silicate-based Endodontic Materials when used for repairing Perforations on Human Dentin: An in vitro Evaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):289-294.
Danger Mouse's The Grey Album
Authors: Fairchild Charles
Published: March 2017

This book marks the tenth anniversary of The Grey Album. The online release and circulation of what Danger Mouse called his ‘art project’ was an unexpected watershed in the turn-of-the-century brawls over digital creative practice. The album’s suppression inspired widespread digital civil disobedience and brought a series of contests and conflicts over creative autonomy in the online world to mainstream awareness. The Grey Album highlighted, by its very form, the profound changes wrought by the new technology and represented the struggle over the tectonic shifts in the production, distribution and consumption of music. But this is not why it matters.

The Grey Album matters because it is more than just a clever, if legally ambiguous, amalgam. It is an important and compelling case study about the status of the album as a cultural form in an era when the album appears to be losing its coherence and power. Perhaps most importantly, The Grey Album matters because it changes how we think about the traditions of musical practice of which it is a part.

Danger Mouse created a broad, inventive commentary on forms of musical creativity that have defined all kinds of music for centuries: borrowing, appropriation, homage, derivation, allusion and quotation. The struggle over this album wasn’t just about who gets to use new technology and how. The battle over The Grey Album struck at the heart of the very legitimacy of a long recognised and valued form of musical expression: the interpretation of the work of one artist by another.
Hole's Live Through This
Authors: Crawford Anwen
Published: March 2017

Courtney Love has never been less than notorious. Her intelligence, ambition and appetite for confrontation have made her a target in a music industry still dominated by men. As Kurt Cobain’s wife she was derided as an opportunistic groupie; as his widow she is pitied, and scorned, as the madwoman in rock’s attic. Yet Hole’s second album, Live Through This, awoke a feminist consciousness in a generation of young listeners.

Live Through This arrived in 1994, at a tumultuous point in the history of American music. Three years earlier Nirvana’s Nevermind had broken open the punk underground, and the first issue of a zine called Riot Grrrl had been published. Hole were of this context and yet outside of it: too famous for the strict punk ethics of riotgrrrl, too explicitly feminist to be the world’s biggest rock band.

Live Through This is an album about girlhood and motherhood; desire and disgust; self-destruction and survival. There have been few rock albums before or since so intimately concerned with female experience. It is an album that changed lives – so why is Courtney Love’s achievement as a songwriter and musician still not taken seriously, two decades on?
Future Nostalgia
Authors: Waldrep Shelton
Published: March 2017

Although David Bowie has famously characterized himself as a “leper messiah,” a more appropriate moniker might be “rock god”: someone whose influence has crossed numerous sub-genres of popular and classical music and can at times seem ubiquitous. By looking at key moments in his career (1972, 1977–79, 1980–83, and 1995–97) through several lenses—theories of sub-culture, gender/sexuality studies, theories of sound, post-colonial theory, and performance studies Waldrep examines Bowie’s work in terms not only of his auditory output but his many reinterpretations of it via music videos, concert tours, television appearances, and occasional movie roles. Future Nostalgia looks at all aspects of Bowie’s career in an attempt to trace Bowie’s contribution to the performative paradigms that constitute contemporary rock music.
Global Punk
Authors: Dunn Kevin C.
Published: March 2017

Global Punk examines the global phenomenon of DIY (do-it-yourself) punk, arguing that it provides a powerful tool for political resistance and personal self-empowerment. Drawing examples from across the evolution of punk – from the streets of 1976 London to the alleys of contemporary Jakarta – Global Punk is both historically rich and global in scope. Looking beyond the music to explore DIY punk as a lived experience, Global Punk examines the ways in which punk contributes to the process of disalienation and political engagement. The book critically examines the impact that DIY punk has had on both individuals and communities, and offers chapter-length investigations of two important aspects of DIY punk culture: independent record labels and self-published zines. Grounded in scholarly theories, but written in a highly accessible style, Global Punk shows why DIY punk remains a vital cultural form for hundreds of thousands of people across the globe today.
Money For Nothing
Authors: Austerlitz Saul
Published: March 2017

Picture yourself in a darkened movie theater, or soothed by the pleasing glow of a television screen. You are watching as a history of the moving image unfolds onscreen, but this history will not take note of D.W. Griffith or Jean Renoir, nor will King Kong or Jaws make an appearance. As the images flicker past - of four ebullient Britishmen turning cartwheels in an open field, a man tap-dancing on an urban sidewalk, a wedding party in a rainstorm, a tragedy in a school classroom - they wax more familiar, the theme growing more coherent, more stable. They keep coming, though, quickly, relentlessly, constantly changing form, changing style, shapeshifting. The parade of images appears to possess a logic of its own, a guiding hand to steer its ship. Finally, as the last picture fills the screen - it happens to be of a shooting on a Brooklyn street - a light bulb goes off: these are all images from music videos, the short films that once ruled the airwaves, and still possess a significant hold on the generations raised by MTV. “I wonder what those were all about,” you say...

The music video is a medium that appears to have run its course, or at least hit a substantial rut in its evolution. MTV and VH1 have morphed into lifestyle channels, the musical component of their programming reduced to a mere blip on their schedule. BET, CMT, and other music channels still maintain their dedication to showing music videos regularly, but their narrower audiences render them distinctly niche channels. And yet the video’s shining moment as part disposable crap, part momentary, fleeting genius (the exact cinematic/televisual equivalent of the pop song, of course) renders it a subject worthy of some serious attention. Saul Austerlitz’s fascinating book tells the history of the music video, delving into its origins, function, stars, motifs, genres, conventions, and masterpieces.

Austerlitz sees the music video as a fascinating oddity, capable of packing great wit, emotion, and insight into its brief span. A compelling marker of cultural history, the video emerged onto television screens nationwide and shone gloriously for a brief moment before disappearing into the remembrance of television past. Informed, opinionated, and always entertaining, Money for Nothing goes a long way toward retrieving the memory of this fleeting, evanescent art-form.
Dusty Springfield's Dusty in Memphis
Authors: Zanes Warren
Published: March 2017

Dusty in Memphis, Dusty Springfield’s beautiful and bizarre magnum opus, remains as fine a hybrid of pop and rhythm and blues as has ever been made. In this remarkable book, Warren Zanes explores his own love affair with the record. He digs deep into the album’s Memphis roots and talks to several of the key characters who were involved in its creation, many of whom were - like Zanes - outsiders drawn to the American South and mesmerized by its hold over the imagination.
Flaming Lips’ Zaireeka
Authors: Richardson Mark
Published: March 2017

Zaireeka is the anti-headphone and the anti-mp3. It purposely makes the two biggest developments in end-user music in the last 30 years irrelevant. Zaireeka is not mobile. It is not personal. It is not solitary, cannot be easily controlled, and can’t easily be consumed in small doses. So another way to think of Zaireeka is as a one-off piece of technology that comes in a highly inconvenient dead-end format.

The Flaming Lips’ 1997 album Zaireeka is one of the most peculiar albums ever recorded, consisting of four CDs meant to be played simultaneously on four CD players. Approaching this powerful and complex art-rock masterpiece from multiple angles, Mark Richardson’s prismatic study of Zaireeka mirrors the structure the work itself. Thoughts on communal listening and the “death of the album” are interspersed with the story of Zaireeka’s creation (with assistance from Wayne Coyne) and an in-depth analysis of the music, leading to a complete picture of a record that proved to be a watershed for both the band and adventurous music fans alike.
Fleetwood Mac's Tusk
Authors: Trucks Rob
Published: March 2017

After Rumours became the best-selling single album of all-time, Fleetwood Mac asked Warner Brothers Records to buy them a studio (the label refused, costing both Warner Brothers and the band significant cash in the long run) and then handed the reins to their guitarist and resident perfectionist Lindsey Buckingham. “You know,” Buckingham said, “we had this ridiculous success with Rumours. We were poised to do another album, and I guess because the axiom ‘If it works, run it into the ground’ was prevalent then, we were probably poised to do Rumours II. I don’t know how you do that, but somehow my light bulb that went off was, ‘Let’s just not do that. Let’s very pointedly not do that.’”

Here, Rob Trucks talks to Lindsey Buckingham, as well as members of Animal Collective, Camper Van Beethoven, the New Pornographers, Wolf Parade, and the USC Trojan marching band in order to chart both the story and the impact of an album born of personal obsession and a stubborn unwillingness to compromise.
Gang of Four's Entertainment!
Authors: Dettmar Kevin J. H.
Published: March 2017

Following hard on the explosion of British punk, in 1979 Gang of Four produced post-punk’ smartest record, Entertainment! For the first time, a band wedded punk’s angry energy to funk’s propulsive beats-and used that music to put across lyrics that brought a heady mixture of Marxist theory and situationism to exposing the cultural politics of everyday life.

But for an American college student from the suburbs-and, one expects, for many, many others, including British youth-Jon King’s and Andy Gill’s mumbled lyrics were often all but unintelligible. Political rock ‘n’ roll is always something of an oxymoron: rock audiences by and large don’t tune in to be lectured to. But what can it mean that a band that made pop songs as political theory actively resisted making that theory legible?

Coming to terms with the impact of Entertainment! requires us to take the mondegreen-the misunderstood lyric-seriously. The old joke has it that the title of R.E.M.’s debut album should have been not Murmur, but Mumble: true, so far as it goes. But that’s the title, too, of rock ‘n’ roll's Greatest Hits compilation-and that strategic inarticulateness itself, which creates such an important role for the listener, has an important politics.
Guns N' Roses' Use Your Illusion I and II
Authors: Weisbard Eric
Published: March 2017

It was the season of the blockbuster. Between August 12 and November 26 1991, a whole slew of acts released albums that were supposed to sell millions of copies in the run-up to Christmas. Metallica, Michael Jackson, Pearl Jam, Nirvana, Garth Brooks, MC Hammer, and U2 - all were competing for the attention of the record-buying public at the same time. But perhaps the most attention-seeking act of all was Guns N Roses. Their albums Use Your Illusion I and II, released on the same day, were both 75-minute sprawlers with practically the same cover design - an act of colossal arrogance.

On one level, it worked. The albums claimed the top two chart positions, and ultimately sold 7 million copies each in the US alone. On another level, it was a disaster. This was an album that Axl Rose has been unable to follow up in fifteen years. It signaled the end of Guns N Roses, of heavy metal on the Sunset Strip, and the entire 1980s model of blockbuster pop/rock promotion. Use Your Illusion marked the end of rock as mass culture.

In this book, Eric Weisbard shows how the album has matured into a work whose baroque excesses now have something to teach us about pop and the platforms it raises and lowers, about a man who suddenly found himself praised to the firmament for every character trait that had hitherto marked him as an irredeemable loser.
Johnny Cash's American Recordings
Authors: Tost Tony
Published: March 2017

A superb investigation of what is arguably Johnny Cash’s greatest album, focusing on his enduring mythology.
Love's Forever Changes
Authors: Hultkrans Andrew
Published: March 2017

Conceived as the last testament of a charismatic recluse who believed he was about to die, Forever Changes is one of the defining albums of an era. Here, Andrew Hultkrans explores the myriad depths of Love’s bizarre and brilliant record. Charting bohemian Los Angeles’ descent into chaos at the end of the ‘60s, he teases out the literary and mystical influences behind Arthur Lee’s lyrics, and argues that Lee was both inspired and burdened by a powerful prophetic urge.
MC5's Kick Out the Jams
Authors: McLeese Don
Published: March 2017

When the Motor City 5 stormed the stage, the band combined the kinetic flash of James Brown on acid with the raw musical dynamics of the Who gone berserk. It’s a unique band that can land itself on the cover of Rolling Stone a month before the release of its debut album and then be booted from its record contract just a few months later. Rock had never before seen the likes of the MC5 and never will again.

Many of us who were floored by the 5 in concert were convinced that this was the most transcendently pulverizing rock we would ever experience, while many more who heard or read about the band dismissed the 5 as a caricature, a fraud, White Panther bozos play-acting at revolution. There was always plenty of humor to the 5-visionary knuckleheads-though the question was whether they were in on the joke. Frequently ridiculed during their short career, they’ve since been hailed as a primal influence on everything from punk to metal to Rage Against the Machine to the Detroit populist resurgence of the White Stripes, Kid Rock and Eminem.
Neutral Milk Hotel's In the Aeroplane Over the Sea
Authors: Cooper Kim
Published: March 2017

Of all the recordings to emerge from the Athens-via-Denver collective called Elephant 6, Neutral Milk Hotel’s second album is the one that has worked its way under the most skins. Magnet magazine named it the best album of the 1990s, and Creative Loafing recently devoted a cover story to one fan’s quest to understand why band leader Jeff Mangum dropped out of sight soon after Aeroplane’s release. The record sells steadily to an audience that finds it through word of mouth. Weird, beautiful, absorbing, difficult, In The Aeroplane Over the Sea is a surrealist text loosely based on the life, suffering and reincarnation of Anne Frank, with guest appearances from a pair of Siamese twins menaced by the cold and carnivores, a two-headed boy bobbing in a jar, anthropomorphic vegetables and a variety of immature erotic horrors. Mangum sings his dreamlike narratives with a dreamer’s intensity, his creaky, off key voice occasionally breaking as he struggles to complete each dense couplet. The music is like nothing else in the 90s indie underground: a psychedelic brass band, its members self-taught, forging polychromatic washes of mood and tribute. The songs stick to one narrow key, the images repeat and circle back, and to listen is to be absorbed into a singular, heart-rending vision.
Nick Drake's Pink Moon
Authors: Petrusich Amanda
Published: March 2017

Pink Moon explores how Nick Drake's third and final album has puttered and purred its way into a new millennium. Features interviews with producer Joe Boyd, string arranger Robert Kirby, and even the marketing team behind the VW Cabrio commercial that launched the album to platinum status more than thirty years after its release.