bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blue uncertainty: Warding off systemic risks in the Anthropocene – Lessons from COVID-19
Authors: Méndez Pablo F.
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 has made evident the complex interdependence of social and ecological systems and that to reduce the risk of future zoonotic pandemics we must safeguard nature. Approaches based on complexity science taking into account that interdependence and its associated systemic risks must be mainstreamed in current policy making, in general. However, at present, that could result in failure for three main reasons: (1) those approaches might be too sophisticated for current policy making pursuing sustainable development; (2) the reductionist views from conventional economics still deeply influence economic and environmental policy making; (3) it is unlikely that far-reaching policies aimed at stimulating post-pandemic economic development can be steered through radically innovative approaches that remain untested. Here, using COVID-19 as an example, I suggest that the use of innovative complexity-based approaches could be enabled through intermediary approaches equipped to resonate with the mindset pervading current policy making.
The estimation of the peas varieties (Pisum Arvense L.) on protein percentage in grain: correlation between economic-valuable traits and weather conditions
Authors: Ponomareva S. V.
Published: June 2020

Peas as a valuable component of animal feed with a high protein percentage is of great importance in solving the problem of increasing protein percentage in grain fodder produced in the country. The current paper has presented the estimation the peas varieties on protein percentage t in seeds. There has been studied the correlation between protein percentage and seed productivity, between 1000-grain weight and length of growing season. There has been identified the influence of weather conditions and the correlation between them and protein percentage t in peas seeds. The trials were conducted at the experimental plots of the peas nursery belonging to the Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Agriculture in 2016–2018. The objects of study were 15 peas varieties of domestic and foreign breeding. In the trial there were identified the peas varieties with high protein percentage (28.0–30.0%), with small seeds; the late-ripening varieties, and the varieties with low protein percentage (22.9–23.9%); the early-ripening varieties of a leafy morphotype with large seeds. There has been established a very weak negative correlation (r = –0.010) between protein percentage and grain productivity. There has been identified a very strong negative correlation (r = –0.818) between 1000-grain weight and protein percentage. The protein percentage in pea seeds has got a positive correlation with the length of growing season (r = +0.860). The leafy varieties showed a positive correlation between protein accumulation due to amount of precipitation (r = +0.714…+0.989) and the sum of positive temperatures above 10 ºС (from low, in some cases to high). The leafless pea varieties, at the same time, have got an inverse correlation at the increased humidity.
Radio Sensitivity of the winter and spring barley varieties according to the morphological efect of low-dose gamma irradiation on the original seeds.
Authors: Kazakova Е. А. , Makarenko Е. S. , Podlutsky М. S. , Dontsova A. A , Bitarishvili S. V. , Lychenkova M. A. , Gorbatova I. V. , Filippov Е. G. , Dontsov D. P. , Chizh Т. V. , Snegirev А. S. , Volkova P. Yu.
Published: June 2020

Barley is the main forage crop in the Russian Federation. Barley grain is also used for food and brewery (Filippov, 2013). It is common knowledge that low doses of gamma irradiation can have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of plants, in particular barley. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the molecular pathways responsible for the formation of the stimulation effect after low-dose seed irradiation. The use of varieties with different radio sensitivity to low-dose gamma irradiation will allow studying specific molecular mechanisms to form a stimulating irradiation effect. Such knowledge could further help in the development of varieties with a large stable productivity over the years and with high resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. In 2019 there was conducted a gamma irradiation of the original seeds of nine winter and spring barley varieties developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in order to assess intensity of the response on low-dose ionizing irradiation based on changes in the morphological parameters of irradiated and unirradiated plants. The original seeds of each barley variety were irradiated at the FSBSI “All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology” by the gamma device “GUR-120” with 60Со radiation sources at a dose of 20 Gy (dose rate of 60 Gy/hour). The statistical data processing was performed by the Microsoft Office Excel 2019. The morphological analysis of the length and weight of roots and sprouts made it possible to establish the presence or absence of the stimulating irradiation effect on the studied indicators of the varieties and to conduct their subsequent ranking according to the value of the radiobiological effect. There have been identified the winter and spring barley varieties with different sensitivity to a dose of 20 Gy. The stimulating irradiation effect was established in such varieties as “Foks 1”, “Ratnik”, “Yerema” and “Master”. The variety “Leon” had an inhibitory irradiation effect.
The analysis of varietal structure of maize cultivated for grain in the Rostov region
Authors: Arzhenovskaya Yu. B.
Published: June 2020

The current stage of plant growing is characterized by varietal policies aimed at increasing the number of new varieties (hybrids) being bred for production. This feature of varietal diversity makes it possible to choose a variety (hybrid) for specific forecrops and soil-climatic conditions, a variety with specific adaptability, length of vegetation period and product quality. One of the largest regions of the maize sown area in Russia is the Rostov region, the conditions of which allow cultivating maize with different ripening periods. The current paper has presented the dynamics of the maize productivity in Russia and in the Rostov region. There has been conducted an analysis of sown maize hybrids and varieties in the Rostov region according to the year of including them into the State List of the Russian Federation. It has been determined that the largest number of maize hybrids was cultivated in 2018 from the number included into the State List of the Russian Federation for the period from 2009 to 2013 (52 pcs.), and in 2019 from the number included into the State List of the Russian Federation for the period from 2010 to 2014 (57 pcs.). There has been demonstrated a share of maize hybrids in the sown area depending on their time being in production. So, the hybrids that have been cultivated for 6–10 years occupied the largest share (44.6% in 2018; 52.6% in 2019). There have been identified the most popular maize hybrids cultivated in the Rostov region in 2018 and 2019. There has been calculated a share of domestic hybrids (varieties) in the sown areas and the cost advantage of domestic maize seeds.
The efects of heterosis of the sorghum hybrids F1 based on cytoplasmic male sterility
Authors: Kibalnik O. P. , Kameneva О. B. , Zhuk Е. А. , Larina Т. V. , Orekhova L. А. , Kalinin Yu. А.
Published: June 2020

Currently, the development of highly productive sorghum hybrids with a high content of the main nutritional components in grain is of great relevance. The current paper has presented the estimation results of the effects of true and hypothetical heterosis on percentage of protein, oil and starch in grain of the first-generation hybrids. There have been analyzed 54 combinations obtained on the basis of three CMS-lines and 18 pollinators. The components of the hybrids and their progeny were grown on the FSBSI RosNIISK “Rossorgo” experimental plots of 7.7 m2, in triple sequences with plant density of 100 thousand plants per ha. The biochemical composition of the grain was determined by the SpectraStarXT infrared analyzer. The parental components and their progeny differed in the biochemical composition of grain, which was confirmed by the analysis of variance. There was identified a slight variation of the ЗерновоехозяйствоРоссии № 2(68)’ 2020 50trait ‘starch content’ in maternal and paternal forms of the hybrids F1(V= 2.5–8.3%). There was identified an average variability of protein percentage in the initial forms (V= 7.9–14.6%) and a weak variability in hybrids (V= 9.1–10.8%). There were identified larger values of variation of oil content (9.0–17.2%). The manifestation frequency of true and hypothetical heterosis of protein percentage was identified in 31.5–62.9% and 44.4–79.6% of hybrids; of fat content was identified in 20.4–57.4% and 20.4–75.9% of hybrids; of starch content was identified in 16.6–33.3% and 16.6–44.4% of hybrids. A focused approach in breeding the varieties with the improved biochemical components of grain allowed us to identify 9 combinations characterized by the annual effect of heterosis in protein content (4 combinations), in raw oil accumulation (2 combinations) and in starch accumulation (3 combinations).
The new peas variety “Pamyati Popova”
Authors: Davletov F. A. , Nigmatullina G. М. , Gaynullina К. P. , Pleshkov А. V. , Safn F. F.
Published: June 2020

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a widespread leguminous crop. It is used for food purposes, as well as concentrated high-protein feed  for  farm animals.  In addition  to a great nutrition value, a balanced amino acid composition and an excellent  taste,  it  is peas that is capable to produce large grain yields even in the risky arable zone, which most of the territory of our country belongs to. The development of the new high-protein, productive pea varieties that most fully realize the soil-climatic potential and meet the requirements of agricultural production is an urgent concern of breeders. The purpose of the current study was to develop a new pea variety, adapted for cultivation in the Republic of Bashkortostan. There has been estimated the collection peas material on morphobiological and economically valuable traits. The best varieties have been used for hybridization. Among the hybridized breeding forms there has been identifed the line “L-31315/14” which possesses economically valuable traits. In 2019, this line was sent to the State Variety Testing as the variety “Pamyati Popova”. The new variety was bred by multiple individual selection from a hybrid population “K-7992” (Korea) × “Barbel”. The variety “Pamyati Popova” is a middle ripening variety with 64–78 days of vegetation period. The kernels contain 20.7–22.4% of protein. The variety is of good taste and cooking properties. Its disease and pests’ resistance is similar to that of the standard variety. According to the Competitive Variety Testing, the average yield increase of the variety “Pamyati Popova” was on 3.9 hwt/ha in 2016–2019. The largest kernel yield of the variety was 26.9 hwt/ha in 2017.
The study of chinese rice samples under the conditions of the Rostov region
Authors: Kostylev P. I. , Krasnova E. V. , Aksenov A. V.
Published: June 2020

Rice is the most important food crop on the Earth. The development of new productive rice varieties for the conditions of the south of Russia and specifcally the Rostov region is possible after careful study and use of collection material from other regions of the planet in the breeding work. Genetic varietal diversity of samples from various countries is the basis for breeding study aimed at improving rice productivity. The purpose of the study was to study 15 collection Chinese rice samples, analyze some quantitative traits, and select the best ones for further breeding. The samples were studied in the Proletarsky district of the Rostov region. The varieties “Yuzhanin” and “Boyarin” were taken as the standard varieties. In the study of Chinese rice samples according to their morphological and biological  traits  there has been  identifed a signifcant diversity. The vegetation period “sprouting-fowering” ranged from 85–130 days; the trait “plant height” varied from 63.3 cm to 101.7 cm; the trait “length of a panicle” ranged from 15.7 to 21.7 cm; the trait “1000-kernel weight” varied from 16.3 to 34.0 g; the trait “number of spikelets per panicle” ranged from 79 to 158 pieces; the trait “fertility” was from 86.8 to 98.3%. There has been identifed a positive correlation between “plant height” and length of a panicle, 1000-kernel weight, kernel number per panicle, and fertility. Kernel weight per panicle has also correlated with these traits. For future breeding work there have been selected 6 rice samples that could mature well in the south of the Rostov Region, namely “Lyaonin 1”, “Lyaonin 5”, “Lyaonin 8”, “Lyaonin 10”, “Lyaonin 12” and “Lyaonin 15”. There has been carried out a hybridization of samples with the early ripening variety “Kontakt”.
The effect of hydrothermal coefficient on productivity of maize hybrids of various groups of ripeness
Authors: Krivosheev G. Ya. , Shevchenko N. A.
Published: June 2020

The improvement of the breeding programs, selection of the optimal group of ripeness depends on the soil and climatic conditions for which varieties and hybrids are developed. One of the most important indicators of climatic conditions is the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). The purpose of the current study was to analyze the effect of HTC on the productivity of maize hybrids of various groups of ripeness. The studies were carried out in 2014–2019 at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” located in the southern zone of the Rostov Region, characterized by unstable moisture. The objects of the study were 96 interlinear maize hybrids of three groups of ripeness, namely an early ripening group (FAO 150), a middle-early ripening group (FAO 200) and a middle ripening group (FAO 300). There was a systematic use of variants in the trials. The weather conditions of the years 2014 and 2018 could be estimated as arid (HTC = 0.32–0.57). The years 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2019 were of medium aridity (HTC = 0.58–0.89). The HTC determined only for the entire vegetation period did not allow estimating objectively the growing conditions. There has been required a more detailed analysis of the HTC for the periods (months) of vegetation. On average, over the years of study, the middle ripening maize hybrids were characterized with the largest grain productivity (3.98 t/ha). The early ripening maize hybrids were characterized with the smallest productivity (3.31 t/ha). The middle-early ripening hybrids were characterized with the average value (3.80 t/ha). However, in different years, the maximum grain yields were produced by the hybrids of various groups of ripeness, including by the early ripening varieties, that depended on the amount of HTC in different vegetation periods. There have been identified average positive correlation coefficients between the HTC values and maize hybrids’ productivity (r = 0.64–0.74). The use of maize hybrids of various groups of ripeness can stabilize the gross harvest of maize.
Radical Incrementalism and Trust in the Citizen: Income Security in Canada in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Robson Jennifer
Published: June 2020

This article documents Canada’s main public policy responses to promote income security among working-age adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis between March and early June 2020. This period of rapid policy change unfolded broadly in three phases, starting with minor adjustments to existing policy instruments, followed by larger amendments to a wider range of programs, and finally ending with the creation of new and quite generous benefits. The pathway of policy change is best described as incremental, but it resulted in a more radical shift to “trust but verify” to administer benefits rather than the pre–COVID-19 practice of verifying eligibility before paying benefits. The reasons and precedents for this decision are discussed. I conclude with some observations on the applicability and limitations of trust but verify for income security policy in the post–COVID-19 period.
KEMAMPUAN AWAL KALKULUS MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Khairudin Khairudin
Published: June 2020

Abstrak

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat kemampuan awal Kalkulus mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Universitas Bung Hatta tahun pertama. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah Kalkulus Diferensial pada semester kedua. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes diagnostic yang dikembangkan oleh Stewart dengan materi aljabar, Geometri, Trigonometri, dan Fungsi serta wawancara terhadap peserta. Tenik analisis data menggunakan analisis dekriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terlihat bahwa kemampuan awal mahasiswa berada pada tingkat sangat rendah, yaitu 8,6%. Hasil wawancara terhadap 6 orang mahasiswa yang mempunyai kemampuan skor tinggi, sedang, dan rendah menyatakan bahwa mahasiswa memerlukan tambahan pengetahuan tentang konsep bilangan serta sifat-sifatnya, operasi aljabar, visualisasi dengan teknologi serta konsep fungsi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, diperlukan strategi pembelajaran pada mata kuliah Kalkulus yang berbasis teknologi untuk memberi pemahaman konsep Kalkulus.

 

Abstract

The research aimed to describe the initial ability level of Mathematics Education in the first year of the Mathematics Education Faculty of Bung Hatta University. The research method used descriptive. The research subjects were students who took Differential Calculus courses in the second semester. The research instrument used diagnostic tests developed by Stewart with algebraic material, Geometry, Trigonometry, and Functions as well as interviews with participants. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the research, it appeared that the initial ability of students is at a very low level, which is 8.6%. The results of interviews with 6 students who have the ability to score high, medium, and low stated that students need additional knowledge about the concept of numbers and their properties, algebraic operations, visualization with technology and the concept of functions. Based on these results, a learning strategy for technology-based Calculus is needed to provide an understanding of the Calculus concept.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION AND MAXIMUM OXYGEN VOLUME (VO2MAX) IN YOUNG AND YOUNG ADULT MALE ATHLETES (10-30 YEARS OLD
Authors: Sari Aria Novita
Published: June 2020

Physiologically, male athletes have less body fat and higher muscle mass than women athletes. These conditions make male athletes more easier to regulate oxygen (O2) consumption to muscles, to support maximum performance during exercising. Physical fitness athlete is related to the ability hit peak performance. The average of ability hit peak performance is < 30 years old. Maximal oxygen uptake (vo2max) has been regarded as the best indicator of athlete's physical capacity. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine relationship between body composition with vo2max in young and young adult athletes (10-30 years old). The method used is a systematic review, articles were searched by ProQuest, Wiley Online Library, and ScienceDirect database. There are five articles that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Body compositions observed include BMI, BM, LBM, BF, and FM. The results obtained by IMT was significant negative (r -0.42), (r -0.39), (r -0.36). BM was significant negative (r -0.39). LBM was significant positive (r 0.51), (r 0.38), and (r 0.38). % BF was significant negative (OR -0.804) and (r -0.40). FM was significant negative (r -0.36) and (r -0.36).
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR CHEST PASS DALAM PERMAINAN BOLA BASKET MELALUI PENDEKATAN BERMAIN
Authors: Maksum Henry , Wibowo Tovan Ridho
Published: June 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar hasil belajar chest pass dalam permainan Bola Basket melalui Pendekatan Bermain. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan dengan bentuk penelitian tinadakan kelas (PTK). Subyek penelitiannya siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Sintang yang terdiridari 23 siswa putri dan 12 siswa putra. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan pengukuran sedangkan alat pengumpulan datanya adalah lembar observasi dan bentuk tes. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa melalui metode pendekatan bermain dapat meningkatkan kemampuan chest passdarites yang diberikan, yaitunilai rata-rata sebelum menggunakan pendekatan bermain yaitu 43% tuntas dan 57% belum tuntas, setelah menggunakan pendekatan bermain pada siklus I hasil belajar meningkat menjadi 63% siswa yang tuntas dan 37% siswa belum tuntas, pada siklus II dengan perlakuan yang sama terjadi peningkatan menjadi 80% siswa yang tuntas dan hanya tersisa20 % siswa yang belum tuntas. Artinya bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar chest pass bola basket dengan menggunakan pendekatan bermain.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SHOOTING FUTSAL UNTUK SISWA SMA
Authors: Nosa Verdy Tri Aprian , Sulaiman Iman , Nurdin Fatah , Praniata Agus Rizqi
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan model pembelajaran shooting futsal untuk siswa SMA, serta bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas model pembelajaran ini. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (research dan development) yang teridiri dari sepuluh langkah (1) Penelitian dan mengumpulkan informasi (2) perencanaan (3) pembuatan produk (4) evaluasi ahli (5) revisi (6) uji kelompok kecil dengan menggunakan 30 subjek (7) revisi (8) uji coba kelompok besar menggunakan 60 subjek (9) revisi produk akhir (10) desiminasi dan implementasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui kegiatan observasi, pengisian kuesioner dan tes keterampilan shooting futsal untuk mengetahui peningkatan shooting futsal pada siswa SMA yang menggunakan model pembelajaran shooting futsal untuk siswa SMA. Berdasarkan hasil uji efektifitas model dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen dan pendekatan the one group pretest-posttest design. Sample dalam uji efektivitas ini adalah kelas eksperimen berjumlah 30 orang siswa SMA yang diberi model pembelajaran shooting futsal untuk siswa SMA. Hasil perhitungan statistika dengan menggunakan paired sample t test untuk eksperimen menunjukan nilai signifikansi 0,000<0,05 kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah model pembelejaran shooting futsal untuk siswa SMA dan efektive digunakan sebagai model pembelajaran shooting futsal untuk siswa SMA.
PENGGUNAAN MODIFIKASI PERMAINAN BOLAVOLI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PASSING BAWAH
Authors: Effendy Fauzan , Kharisma Yudhi , Ramadhan Riki
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan sebagai upaya meningkatkan kemampuan passing bawah melalui media modifikasi permainan 3 on 3 untuk permainan bolavoli. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan model Kemmis dan McTaggart. Subyek penelitian yang digunakan adalah peserta didik kelas X yang berjumlah 25 peserta didik di SMA NU Kaplongan Indramayu. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes passing bawah bolavoli. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif yang mengacu pada Penilaian Acuan Patokan (PAP) dan mengambil persentase tingkat ketuntasan belajar peserta didik. Pada prasiklus persentase tingkat ketuntasan sebesar 36% dengan nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 68,6, pada siklus 1 tingkat ketuntasan sebesar 56% dengan nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 76,4, serta siklus 2 menunjukkan tingkat ketuntasan sebesar 86% dengan nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 82,2. Hasil diatas menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan ketuntasan belajar pada materi passing bawah dengan menggunakan media modifikasi permainan 3 on 3 sejak pelaksanaan prasiklus sampai pada tahap siklus 2 sebesar 50%
PENGARUH LATIHAN SMALL SIDED GAMES TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN DRIBBLING PEMAIN SEPAKBOLA
Authors: Mubarok Mochamad Zakky , Mudzakir Dicky Oktora
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penerapan latihan small sided games melalui metode latihan interval dan repetisi dalam meningkatkan keterampilan dribbling pemain sepakbola. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain penelitian menggunakan nonequivalent control group design. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Sepakbola di STKIP Nahdlatul Ulama Indramayu yang berjumlah 22 pemain yang dipersiapkan dalam mengikuti Liga Mahasiswa Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa: (1) Latihan small sided games dengan metode interval memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan keterampilan dribbling pemain sepakbola. (2) Latihan small sided games dengan metode repetisi memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan keterampilan dribbling pemain sepakbola. (3) Latihan small sided games dengan metode interval memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan latihan small sided games dengan metode repetisi terhadap peningkatan dribbling pemain sepakbola. Kesimpulannya bahwa latihan small sided games dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dribbling
DIMENSI PEMBELAJARAN PERMAINAN KASTI BERBASIS PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK DENGAN GAYA MENGAJAR KOMANDO PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Fallo Ilham Surya , Ardimansyah Ardimansyah , Hidayati Netta
Published: June 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran serta edukasi kepada guru PJOK dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani olahraga kesehatan. Dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani siswa sekolah dasar guru banyak menghadapi berbagai masalah pada kegiatan pembelajaran seperti fasilitas, keadaan sosial dan kebijakan pemerintah serta kebijakan sekolah yang kurang memberikan perhatian terhadap pendidikan jasmani siswa sekolah dasar. Pendidikan jasmani pada siswa di sekolah dasar sangat dibutuhkan untuk perkembangan kemampuan kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor anak dalam mempersiapkan menuju jenjang sekolah menengah pertama dan atas. Dengan demikian guru harus pandai dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran yang bermutu. Adapun beberapa domain yang terjadi sebagai hasil belajar  yaitu; 1) keterampilan intelektual, 2) informasi verbal, 3) strategi kognitif, 4) sikap dan emosional, 5) keterampilan motorik, 6) kognitif, 7) afektif, dan 8) psikomotor. Dengan perkembangan motorik siswa tersebut akan mendukung peningkatan keterampilan gerak yang akan menjadi permanen. Salah satu materi pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan motorik anak yaitu permainan kasti. Gaya mengajar komando (command) merupakan cara mengerjakan tugas dengan benar dan dalam waktu yang singkat, mengikuti semua keputusan yang dibuat oleh guru. Dengan gaya mengajar komando guru bisa membuat aktivitas dari yang sederhana ke yang sulit dari individu ke kelompok semua dilakukan dengan intruksi riang gembira dalam bentuk permainan sederhana.
PENGARUH LATIHAN PLYOMETRIC (SHOOTING) TERHADAP HASIL TINGGI LONCATAN DALAM EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLA VOLI
Authors: Yani Ahmad , Subekti Restu Gayuh , Suryadi Suryadi
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan shooting terhadap hasil tinggi loncatan siswa peserta ekstrakurikuler bola voli di MA Raudlatul Ulum Anyer. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest and posttest design. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 15 siswa. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan vertical jump, dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,93 dan validitas sebesar 0,78 (Sargent, 1924). Analisis data menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh latihan shooting terhadap peningkatan tinggi loncatan siswa peserta ekstrakurikuler, dengan t hitung 5,303 > t tabel 2,13, Dari data pre-test memiliki rerata 37,53 cm, selanjutnya pada saat posttest rerata mencapai 41,00 cm. Besarnya perubahan tinggi loncatan tersebut dapat dilihat dari perbedaan nilai rata-rata yaitu sebesar 3,47 cm dan dengan kenaikan presentase sebesar 9,24%. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan latihan shooting berpengaruh untuk meningkatkan tinggi loncatan siswa peserta ekstrakurikuler bola voli di MA Raudlatul Ulum Anyer
SOSIAL EKONOMI ATLET DAYUNG KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Mikdar U.Z. , Sugiyanto Roso
Published: June 2020

Komite Olahraga Nasional Indonesia (KONI) Kalimantan Tengah tugasnya adalah membina olahraga prestasi, salah satunya adalah cabang olahraga dayung yang bermedali di setiap Pekan Olahraga Nasional (PON), dan penyumbang atlet dan pelatih nasional. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan sosial ekonomi mantan  atlet dayung nasional Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan subyek/informannya adalah mantan atlet dayung nasional asal Kalimantan Tengah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) alasan menjadi atlet karena: (a) sejak kecil, sudah terbiasa berolahrga, tinggal di lingkungan dan budaya sungai; (b) bersekolah di lembaga keolahragaan; dan (c) terinspirasi oleh atlet nasional. Dampak lainnya, selama menjadi atlet nasional terkadang sekolah atau pekerjaan dan keluarga terganggu bila ada event nasional maupun internasional; (2) Pencapaian prestasi yang  diraih, yaitu pada tingkat  nasional, Asia Tenggara, Asia, juga  internasional; dan (3) nilai sosial  ekonomi yang didapatkan: (a) menjadi Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN); (b) mendapatkan bonus  uang; (c) nendapatkan hibah kavling tanah; (d) mendapatkan hadiah rumah; (e) kemudahan memilih sekolah; (f) bisa beribadah haji; dan (g) bisa  jalan-jalan ke luar negeri
Skleroptera, a new order of holometabolous insects (Insecta) from the Carboniferous
Authors: Kirejtshuk A.G. , Nel A.
Published: June 2020

A new order of holometabolan insects is proposed for Stephanastus polinae Kirejtshuk et Nel, 2013 from the Upper Carboniferous of Allier, France (Gzhelian, Commentry) (Nel et al., 2013). It is considered a member of the superorder Coleopterida. It shares with the order Coleoptera sclerotised forewings, which demonstrate a simple and somewhat reduced Sc, a simple and concave RP, a convex RA, the M less convex than R and CuA, M also simple and basally fused with CuA (putative synapomorphy), but distally separating from it; stem of M+Cu well separated from R, the coxae do not project and the trochanters are short. The new order Skleroptera ordo nov. differs from the orders Coleoptera and Strepsiptera in the structure of the thoracic sclerites and venation of the forewings, particularly in the following character combination: the absence of lateral carina on the prothorax, the narrow separation of the bases of its forewings, the very narrow anal region of the forewings that widen apically and the absence of a sub-marginal anal (adsutural) vein going along the entire posterior margin of the tegmina. These unique characters of Stephanastus Kirejtshuk et Nel, 2013 suggest that this individual was somewhat laterally compressed (like some orthopteroids). This represents also an essential difference from body ground plan of the Coleoptera in general. It is hypothesized that the position of the new order within the superorder Coleopterida at the subclade level is as follows: Skleroptera + (Coleoptera [probably including Umenocoleidae sensu stricto] +Strepsiptera).
Postać Piotra w Ewangelii św. Mateusza
Authors: Paciorek Antoni
Published: June 2020

The author of this work tries to answer the question: „what picture of St. Peter is showed by the first Gospel?". It appears that the figure of St. Peter is not changed meaningly in texts taking over from Mark's version (4,18; 8 ,14nn; 6, 18; 16, 23; 17, 1-8; 26, 33; 26, 69-75) by Matthew. Meaning of describing events is the same in both cases though a little changes emphasizes the role of Apostles' Prince. In the other hand, missing by Matthew Mark's texts about Peter (Mk 1, 36; 5, 37; 13, 3; 16, 7) is not the trial of decreasing the role of St. Peter. There are three novelty Matthew's texts in view of St. Peter's person. These texts don't run parallel to synoptics' words. There are: going to Jesus on the water (14, 28-31), confession somewhere Caesarea Philippi way (16, 16-19) and the matter of temple taxes (17, 24-27). The most suggestive is the person of St. Peter in the fundamental! texts for Matthew Mt 16, 17-19. It is obvious that meaning and priority of St. Peter comes down from earth activity of Jesus.
"Prima Clementis": zagadnienie prymatu biskupa Rzymu w ujęciu współczesnych opracowań patrystycznych
Authors: Turek Waldemar
Published: June 2020

La prima Clementis scritta negli ultimi anni del primo secolo ha suscitato un vivo interesse filologico, storico e teologico, come dimostrano vari studi apparsi in diversi ambienti nel secolo scorso. Molti autori dedicarono la loro ricerca ai vari aspetti della Lettera concernenti l'intervento di Clemente Romano nella vita della comunita di Corinto, mettendo in evidenza il tema del primato del vescovo di Roma. Un'analisi attenta dei vari elementi esaminati dimostra comunąue come siamo lontani dalie soluzioni definitive circa il concetto di gerarchia ecclesiastica presentato nel'opera e, in modo particolare, circa la posizione ed il ruolo del vescovo di Roma. Va comunque osservato che gli autori protestanti si soffermano soprattutto sugli aspetti filologia della Lettera, mentre gli autori cattolici, non trascurando questo tipo di ricerca, prendono in considerazione in maniera piu puntuale il contesto storico-teologico in cui la Prima Clementis fu scritta. Essi vedono poi nelFopera un segno, piuttosto chiaro, della coscienza di responsabilita di Clemente per tutti i fedeli.
Pozycja Piotra w tekstach gnostyckich
Authors: Zmorzanka Anna Z.
Published: June 2020

Dans le present article l'auteure fait l'analyse de sept ouvrages dans lesquels apparait le personnage de Pierre. Ces ouvrages peuvent etre repartis en trois groupes. Dans le premier groupe Pierre est presente en tant qu'auditeur de l'enseignement de Jesus/Sauveur. Dans te deuxieme il est presenté en tant que temoin du mystere. Dans le troisieme en tant que dirigeant d'une communaute (gnostique). Dans la conclusion, on fait observer qu'il existait chez les gnostiques un courant faisant appel a l'autorite de Pierre comme membre de l'église des Parfaits/Choisis et en tant que temoin de la revelation secrete du Sauveur. Ce courant se referait aussi a la tradition de Matthieu.
Święty Ireneusz o autorytecie Kościoła rzymskiego
Authors: Myszor Wincenty
Published: June 2020

Durch die Untersuchung der wichtigsten Ubersetzungen des Adversus haereses III 3, 1-3 versucht man den theołogischen Kommentar und das Verstandnis des Textes aufzudecken. Dazu hilft auch die griechische Riickubersetzung in „Sources Chretiennes" (L. Doutrełeau und A. Rousseau). Die Autoritat der rómischen Kirche besteht auf der Griindungsautoritat (Aposteł Petrus und Paulus) und auf die ałłen Christen bekannte apostołische Lehre gegeniiber der gnostischen, geheimen Meinungen.
Papież Poncjan a sprawa Orygenesa
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: June 2020

Sur la base de sources patristiąues, l'auteur essaie de trouver une reponse a la question de savoir quelle put etre la participation de l’eveque de Rome, Pontien (230-235), au conflit provoque par l'ordination sacerdotale d'Origene. Son analyse concerne une phrase-cle de la Lettre 33 de Jeróme: „Damnatur a Demetrio episcopo; exceptis Palaestinae et Arabiae et Phoenices atque Achaiae sacerdotibus, in damnationem eius consentit orbis; Roma ipsa contra hunc cogit senatum non propter dogmatum nouitatem, non propter heresim, ut nunc aduersum eum rabidi canes simulant, sed quia gloriam eloquentiae eius et scientiae ferre non poterant et illo dicente omnes muti putabantur". L'auteur de Farticle discute certaines opinions du tivre de Pierre Nautin, Origene. Il etablit une liste des points problematiques nés du texte de Jeróme: Fobscurite de la constatation; la question de savoir pourquoi l'eveque de Romę fut informe de la decision du synode Alexandrin contre Origene; la signification du terme senatus, et le genre de decision pris par cette assemblée.
Relacje patriarchatu antiocheńskiego z papieskim Rzymem w I-IV wieku
Authors: Żurek Antoni
Published: June 2020

Il vescovo antiocheno fin dałPinizio deł cristianesimo svołgeva un ruoło importane nełla regione orientałe ed in tutta ła Chiesa antica. L'importanza di questa sede vescoviłe risułtava dalla sua provenienza (fondata dagłi Apostoli) e dał fatto d'essere un capołuogo dellOriente. 11 concitio di Nicea riconferma ad Antiochia i priviłegi di una sede principaie, insieme ad Ałessandria, Roma e Gerusałemme. Fino ałła „scisma antiochena" deł IV secolo łe reciproci rapporti fra ił patriarcato antiocheno ed ił vecovo di Roma furono pieni di rispetto. Durante ła scisma i vescovi ortodossi antiocheni cercavano Pappoggio a Roma. Ił papa si sentiva obbłigato ad intervenire ma eon scarsi successi. NelParticoło viene esaminata ła natura ed i motivi degłi interventi de) vescovo di Roma negłi affari antiocheni.
Św. Atanazy Aleksandryjski a biskupi Rzymu
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: June 2020

Hac in dissertatione, quae duabus partibus constat, de relationibus mutuis inter duas episcopales sedes apostolicas Alexandrinam ac Romanam tempore Athanasii tractatur. In parte priore de origine apostolica atque loco episcopi Ecclesiae Alexandrinae necnon coniunctionibus Ecclesiae Alexandrinae cum Romana antę episcopatun Athanasii enarratur, in altera autem relatio huius episcopi ad papas Romanos (Silvestrum, Julium, Liberium et Damasum) sub aspectu auctoritatis atque primatus peculiariter exponitur
Biskup Rzymu wobec problemów Kościołów wschodnich przy końcu IV wieku
Authors: Woch Jarosław
Published: June 2020

Lo studio presentato in questo articolo cerca di studiare, aiia base dei documenti, in quaie maniera e stato reaiizzato il mandato petrino: „pasce oves meas”, aiia fine dei IV secoio. Nei modo particoiare fu esaminato il pontificato di papa Siricio (384- 399), specie sotto i'aspetto dei suo rapporto verso ie Chiese d'Oriente. Daiio studio emerge che questo vescovo di Roma era cosciente dell'incarico intrapreso, „per Dei gratiam", di avere cura per tutte ie Chiese. In modo particoiare e stata anaiizzata ia cosiddetta questione antiochena, ia causa dei vescovo Bonoso, dei vescovo Bagadio, nonche ii probiema dell'istituzione dei patriarcato occidentaie in Oriente (Iiiirico). In tutti questi casi Siricio si dimostra come responsabiie per ia pace ed unita deiia Chiesa, impegnandosi sia in persona che attraverso i suoi iegati.
Kolegium biskupów w "Konstytucjach apostolskich". Rola Piotra
Authors: Żelazny Jan W.
Published: June 2020

Le "Costituzioni apostoliche" presentano uno dei documenti motto significativi per ta Chiesa nel IV secolo, ma anzitutto la testimonianza del tempo passato. La Chiesa, come é presentata net libro, e una struttura collegiale, non esiste nesun primato ne personale ne ufficiale. Nell'asemblea parlano e discutano tutti i fedeli, anche prendendo le decisioni definitive. Si puó dire: E presente Pietro, ma non "ufficio di Pietro". I fedeli sono chiamati all'obedienza al vescovo che e indipendente in tutte le sue decisioni nel suo territorio fuorche le situazioni in cui e l'autore di uno scandalo e quindi viene sottoposto alle decisioni del sinodo della propria provincia. Si puó trovare una gerarchia nell'asemblea ma non e una gerarchia ufficiale; si puó dire che questa gerarchia e di stampo pratico non teologico. Autorita di "Tradizione Apostolica" ha il carattere costitutivo per tutti i fedeli. La Chiesa nelle "Costituzioni" e la Chiesa degli Apostoli, non di Pietro.
La théologie judéo chrétienne: l'actualité de la conception de Jean Daniélou et l’essai de son développement
Authors: Szulc Franciszek
Published: June 2020

Przedmiotem analiz metodologicznych w tym artykule jest koncepcja teologii judeochrześcijańskiej, której twórcą był Jean Danielou. Ta pierwsza historycznie forma teologii chrześcijańskiej wykazuje głębokie zakorzenienie w kategoriach myśli późnego judaizmu, zwłaszcza gdy chodzi o recepcję żydowskich metod egzegetycznych i wyobrażeń apokaliptyki. Autor nie poprzestaje na tym ogólnym, już znanym, opisie metodologii stosowanej w teologii judeochrześcijańskiej, ale podejmuje próbę powiązania jej fundamentalnych założeń z semickimi strukturami myśli. Dopiero wtedy uzyskujemy głębsze rozumienie oryginalnego charakteru i radykalnej odrębności tej pierwotnej teologii w porównaniu z wszystkimi późniejszymi formami teologii chrześcijańskiej. Stąd poznanie fazy semickiej chrześcijaństwa wraz z bogactwem jego teologii natęży uznać za pitne zadanie do realizacji, zwłaszcza w historii Kościoła, historii dogmatu i współczesnej hermeneutyce teologicznej. Płynące stąd inspiracje mogłyby również wnieść nowe jakości do toczącego się dialogu chrześcijańsko-żydowskiego.
Miłość bliźniego w świetle ekshortacji pastoralnych Leona Wielkiego w "Mowach na Wielki Post" (39-50)
Authors: Drączkowski Franciszek
Published: June 2020

Par le terme d'«exhortations pastorales» nous comprenons convocations, appels, encouragements et ordres, adresses a tous les fideles, concernant actions, attitudes et comportements determines. Dans les Sermons pour le careme on a 257 exhortations en tout. Saint Leon, en premier iieu, fait appei aux auditeurs au sujet du retabiissement des relations correctes entre ies hommes. Parmi eiies, ii mentionne: ie pardon des offenses reciproques, i'oubii des injustices, ia iibé ration des esc) aves, i'induigence et ia remission des peines, ie rejet de ia vengeance et de ia voionte de revanche. Ii souiigne aussi ia necessitć de ia concorde, de i'unite et de ia paix. Saint Leon consacre a ce sujet 55 de ses exhortations (soit 21,4%). Ii encourage ensuite a pratiquer ies oeuvres de charite et de bienveiiiance parmi iesqueiies ii compte: actes de misericorde, aumóne, bienveiiiance, iargesse et compassion humaine. Ii consacre 39 exhortations (soit 15,1%) a cette probićmatique. 7 appeis seuiement concernent i'observation du jeune. Saint Leon consacre 109 exhortations (c'est-a-dire 42,4%) au programme de ia perfection chretienne. En s'appuyant sur ia statistique etabiie ci-dessus, on peut comprendre Fimportance reiative que Saint Leon accordait a ces differentes vaieurs dans son programme de pastoraie pour ie Careme.
Category Classification of Tree States Using Visual Data Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Pyataev Aleksey , Favorskaya Margarita
Published: June 2020

Introduction: A reliable assessment of tree condition directly affects the planning of economic indicators for the use of forest resources and ecological actions for forest protection. Therefore, the correct evaluation of the sanitary state of forest is very important. At present, the decisions that forest pathologists make about classifying trees or forest areas are based on visual inspection and their subjective knowledge about the tree features. Purpose: Development of a method for classifying the condition of a tree in terms of its crown density degree and other features, based on fuzzy logic with characteristic functions for linguistic variables such as “Crown density”, “Annual branch growth”, “Bark falling off” or “Shrinking branches”. Results: The proposed method classifies the tree condition using pine as an example. The method consists in preliminary image processing, including the removal of background objects, extraction of texture features as extended binary patterns, and application of a specially designed controller based on fuzzy logic. We propose four types of linguistic variables, with their respective terms. For these variables, characteristic functions are specified in tabular form and then approximated by smooth functions. A fuzzy logic controller allows you to obtain an objective assessment of the tree crown condition. Experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of the developed method. Practical relevance: The intelligent system of classifying the tree condition according to visual data can provide a significant support to plantation survey specialists. The proposed method allows you to improve the quality of forest monitoring, minimize the influence of human factor, and organize the forest protection in the best possible way.
Comparison of machine learning algorithms for DDoS attack detection in SDN
Authors: Le Duc , Dao Minh , Nguyen Quyen
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) has become a common attack type in cyber security. Apart from the conventional DDoS attacks, software-defined networks also face some other typical DDoS attacks, such as flow-table attack or controller attack. One of the most recent solutions to detect a DDoS attack is using machine learning algorithms to classify the traffic. Purpose: Analysis of applying machine learning algorithms in order to prevent DDoS attacks in software-defined network. Results: A comparison of six algorithms (random forest, decision tree, naive Bayes, support vector machine, multilayer perceptron, k-nearest neighbors) with accuracy and process time as the criteria has shown that a decision tree and naïve Bayes are the most suitable algorithms for DDoS attack detection. As compared to other algorithms, they have higher accuracy, faster processing time and lower resource consumption.  The main features that identify malicious traffic compared to normal one are the number of bytes in a flow, time flow, Ethernet source address, and Ethernet destination address. A flow-table attack can be detected easier than a bandwidth attack, as all the six algorithms can predict this type with a high accuracy. Practical relevance: Important features which play a supporting role in correct data classification facilitate the development of a DDoS protection system with a smaller dataset, focusing only on the necessary data. The algorithms more suitable for machine learning can help us to detect DDoS attacks in software-defined networks more accurately.
Lower bound for average delay in unblocked random access algorithm with orthogonal preambles
Authors: Burkov Artem , Shneer Seva , Turlikov Andrey
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Currently, the first versions of 5G communication standard networks are being deployed and discussions are underway on the further development of cellular networks and the transition to the 6G standard. The work of the currently popular idea of ​​the Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to be in the framework of a Massive Machine-Type Communications scenario, which has a number of requirements for operation characteristics: very high energy efficiency, relatively low delay and fairly reliable communication. It is assumed that random multiple access procedures are used, since, due to the nature of the traffic, it is impossible to develop a channel resource sharing policy. To increase the efficiency of random access, a class of unblocked algorithms using orthogonal preambles can be used. Purpose: to calculate the lower bound of the average delay for the class of unblocked random multiple access algorithms using orthogonal preambles. Methods: system analysis, a theory of random processes, queuing theory, and simulation. Results: A model of a system with a potentially unlimited number of users who use random unblocked access to transmit data over a common communication channel using orthogonal preambles is proposed. A closed expression is obtained for calculating the lower bound of the average delay in such a system depending on the intensity of the input arrival rate. The limit value of the intensity of the input arrival rate to which the system operates stably is determined. Shown are the results of simulation with respect to the obtained bound. Practical relevance: the obtained boundary allows us to estimate the lower average delay in the described class of algorithms. Its application allows us to determine the possibility of using the considered class of algorithms from the point of view of limitations on the average delay at the stage of designing random multiple access systems.