bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an analytics module for a monitoring system for landscaping objects
Authors: Popov A A , Avdeeva E V , Emomaliev M R , Ovsyankin A K
Published: February 2022

In modern conditions, the use of information and analytical systems is a necessary means of increasing the efficiency of all business processes and the timeliness of management decisions. Improving the efficiency of management activities through the introduction of information and analytical systems is becoming one of the areas of improving the activities of the enterprise as a whole. A more indisputable method of increasing the productivity of the labor process is its automation. The task of increasing the efficiency of monitoring of landscaping objects is being solved through the development and implementation of an analytical software module. Such a system will make it possible to promptly identify the problems of landscaping objects and make management decisions in a timely manner to eliminate them. The purpose of this work is to develop an analytical software module for visual analysis of data on landscaping objects.
Artificial intelligence technologies in the agro-industrial complex: opportunities and threats
Authors: Rozhkova A V , Rozhkov S E
Published: February 2022

The article provides an analysis of the prospects for the use of artificial intelligence in the agro-industrial complex. The relevance of the study is due to the rapid development of these technologies based on various breakthroughs in the digital sphere and the significant uncertainty of the prospects for their application in agricultural production. The purpose of the paper is to study the nature and direction of the using artificial intelligence technologies in agriculture, as well as to identify problems and prospects for the using artificial intelligence technologies in agriculture in the region. These technologies are used in various fields of agriculture: identification of plant diseases, classification and identification of weeds, identification and counting of fruits, management of water and soil resources, weather (climate) and determination of animal behavior. The advantages of using artificial intelligence technologies include increasing labor productivity in the agricultural sector, improving the efficiency of managerial decision-making, expanding access to information, expanding human capabilities in the workplace and the emergence of new professions. The limitations of the using artificial intelligence technologies in agriculture in the region include the lack of funds and the high cost of these technologies. As the main measures to overcome these obstacles, we can single out an increase in state support and professional development of staff. Artificial intelligence technologies will increase the accuracy of forecasts in various areas of production, which will attract additional investments in agriculture in the region.
The main trends of digitalization in agriculture
Authors: Nezamova O A , Olentsova J A
Published: February 2022

Digitalization processes are currently being increasingly introduced into various sectors of the national economy, including the agricultural sector. Agriculture has traditionally been a costly industry and has always had large losses throughout the entire production process, which led to a decrease in production efficiency. Digitalization in agriculture is designed to solve the vast majority of these problems and significantly increase the profitability of the industry. Digitalization helps to cover the whole range of actions, automate processes, cover the fullness of information, bring it into a single system, process it promptly, clearly monitor all processes, significantly reduce the loss of resources of all kinds, completely eliminate the corruption component. Digitalization makes it possible to constantly monitor any process in crop production, animal husbandry, processing, logistics and prevent the development of some negative phenomena. Field monitoring involves monitoring the qualitative characteristics of soils and crops, crop rotation management, recommendations for crop rotation planning, helps to trace the entire cycle of work from planting to harvesting, including logistics. Since there are large losses of agricultural products in the process of moving products, it seems appropriate to use digital technologies in logistics, which should significantly increase production efficiency. Control of finished products involves accounting for the harvest (from field to weight), monitoring the progress of the harvesting campaign, the amount of harvest for each field separately, the production of each employee, accounting for the work of carriers.
New technology of pre-treating processing of grain crops seeds by protective-incentive means
Authors: Nurullin E G , Zainutdinov I R
Published: February 2022

As the result analysis of known materials in the field of seed preparation, patent search and their systematization, an innovative approach is proposed, on the basis of which a conceptual model of a new technology for pre-sowing seeds of cereals by working solutions of chemical and biological protective-stimulating agents with preliminary dust cleaning in a continuous hermetic single technological flow. According to the proposed technology pre-sowing preparation is carried out directly at the seed storage site, which excludes energy-consuming and labor-intensive loading-unloading and transportation operations. The basis of the new technology is a combined machine for pre-sowing treatment with pneumatic loading and dust separating device, which works as follows. Seeds, from a boot by a pneumatic loader, where the seed surface is cleaned of dust, are fed into the dust separator. In the dust separator there is a separation of seeds and a dust-air mixture. In this case, the cleaned seeds without contact with the dusty medium are sent to the treatment zone where the fine particles of the working fluid (less than 40 microns), moving in the air flow, are applied to the surface of the seeds, which ensures the accuracy of the rate of application and the uniformity of the working solution distribution by the weight of the seeds and on the surface of each grain. When pre-sowing seed treatment with biopesticides, a temperature regime is maintained that ensures the vitality and effectiveness of the biopesticides action. The processed seeds are packed in sacks and sent for sowing. The proposed technology will provide increased productivity and reduced energy intensity of the technological process, reducing the seeds trauma, eliminating the over expenditure of expensive protective and stimulating agents and improving the quality of processing, high life activity and effectiveness of biopesticides exposure, reducing environmental stress and harmful effects on humans.
The dynamics of forest fires and their impact on the environment
Authors: Gazizov A M , Sagitova A B , Sharafutdinov M I
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the registered forest fires on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the period from 2018 to 2020. It is established that during the period under review there was an increase in the number and area of forest fires. The causes of most fires were natural (thunderstorms) and human factors.
Approaches to the selection of measures to ensure the safety of closed landfills for the disposal of solid municipal waste
Authors: Sereda T G , Elancheva E N , Kostarev S N , Kochinov Y A , Kochinova T V
Published: February 2022

The approaches to the choice of measures to ensure the environmental safety of closed facilities for the disposal of solid municipal waste (MSW) are considered. Laws of the Russian Federation in terms of requirements for ensuring the safety of waste disposal facilities during the operational and reclamation periods have been studied. Scenarios of the conduct of processes at MSW landfills after reclamation are presented. The article presents the results of engineering and geological research: a comprehensive study of engineering and geological and hydrogeological conditions of the site, composition, condition and properties of soils, the activity of geological processes for making design decisions. Field engineering and geological work, soil sampling from wells have been carried out. Laboratory research of soil samples has been carried out in a soil laboratory. The project of reclamation cover of MSW landfill has been completed, including geosynthetic materials and natural soils, a network of pipelines supplying filtrate for recirculation has been calculated, and a set of work and selection of vegetation at the biological stage of reclamation have been justified. Scenarios of the conduct of processes in the course of reclamation of a waste disposal facility are considered in the case of application of the filtrate recirculation technology with preliminary pH-regulation by changing the structure of the landfill in the first year after reclamation and according to the scheme of the section of the reclaimed landfill upon reaching the stage of destruction of the biodegradable part of the waste. The advantages of the developed reclamation pavement are shown: high cultivation capacity, preservation of drainage properties at high loads, reduced costs for excavation and crushed stone laying, high chemical resistance and environmental friendliness of the material.
Variant analysis of measurement components in environmental engineering
Authors: Evstigneev V P , Kuznetsov P N , Voronin D Y , Naumova V A
Published: February 2022

Modern environmental engineering requires innovative approaches to intellectual monitoring. There is a need for a large number of geographically distributed measuring modules that have sufficient measurement accuracy for environmental engineering and, at the same time, requiring low financial investment. One of the most important stages of such work is the selection of the optimal sensors that meet these requirements. The article presents the results of parallel measurements of environmental parameters using a set of sensors BME280, AHT20, DHT22 and standard meteorological observations. The BME280 sensor demonstrated the best quality of the reproduction of the parameters. The study was carried out using the developed test bench for the integrated monitoring of meteorological parameters, which allows comparative testing of several sensors with data transmission to a WEB server.
The influence of processing technologies on the differentiation of soil layers by the content of mobile components of organic matter
Authors: Belousov A A , Belousova E N , Stepanova E V
Published: February 2022

It is shown that shallow flat-cut tillage contributes to the formation of water-soluble organic matter and causes a significant differentiation of 0-10 and 10-20 cm of the layer according to the content of mobile organic matter. The use of tools with plane-cutting working organs contributed to the accumulation of a plant residues mass, the microbiological activation of their transformation processes and the accumulation of young organic compounds in the upper part of the root layer, significantly exceeding the layer of 10-20 cm.
Investigation of the reliability level of electric cables for sustainable fire protection systems
Authors: Bakirov I K
Published: February 2022

According to statistics, electrical wiring is the most fire-dangerous type of electrical installations, as they account for about 44% of all fires related to electrical equipment and electrical devices. The relevance of the work is that the reliability of cables of fire protection systems directly affects the success of these systems in performing their functions in a fire, which directly affects the safety of people in a fire. The paper evaluates the stability of electric cables of fire protection systems for various methods of laying in conditions of fire exposure, and conducts field tests to assess the reliability of non-combustible electric cables with reduced smoke emission and increased fire resistance for the most popular methods of laying it. Also, a proposal has been developed to change the regulatory document in order to increase the stability of electrical cables of fire protection systems against fire hazards.
Soil-ecological regional assignment of Middle Volga region forest-steppe zone
Authors: Melentyev A A , Chursin A I , Chebotarev P M , Nartova E A
Published: February 2022

Middle Volga region has a variety of natural resources. In the modern world, the primary task is the competent and reasonable resources consumption. For more complete and rational use of territory natural resource potential, we will consider such important significant factors as relief, soils, agriculture, as well as erosion processes manifestation in their territories. On the territory of Middle Volga region, the main large uplands and low plains, as well as the large rivers valleys and lakes hollows, formed as a result of tectonic uplifts and earth’s crust submergence, experienced a different history. Here, the peculiarities of the geological structure, the different nature and intensity of tectonic movements, which determined different heights amplitudes, affected. In addition to erosion, other exogenous processes participated in their relief appearance formation: winding, sliding, soil leaching, subsidence, etc. As a result, surface structure features of Middle Volga region relief forms have developed.
Analysis of the influence of natural and climatic conditions in the Arctic and the Far North on the stability of air traffic
Authors: Kovalev I V , Testoyedov N A , Kovalev D I , Efa S G
Published: February 2022

The analysis of the influence of natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic and Far North on the stability of air connection is investigated in this article. The provision of year-round mainline, interregional and regional air transportation is associated with the complexity of controlling the flight path of aircraft in extreme Arctic conditions. For the Arctic zone, the possibility of using a constellation of low-orbit satellite communication systems is being considered for transmitting data on the position of an aircraft to a control tower located on the ground. In this case, data transmission is possible both using GSM communication through ground stations, and using inter-satellite communication lines.
Ecological potential of pasture ecosystems of desolate steppes in the conservation of the saiga population of the NorthWestern Caspian Sea
Authors: Ubushaev B S , Natyrov A K , Arylov Yu N , Moroz N N , Slizskaya S A , Khakhlinov A I
Published: February 2022

The destruction of natural ecosystem resulting in reduction or even destruction of saiga habitat is the consequence of anthropogenic impact. The degradation of pasture ecosystem in Kalmykia reached a crucial level and the republic was announced as the disaster zone in 1988. The year 1998 witnessed the reduction of saiga population size from 220 thousand to 55 thousand animals. Registration works in 2014 showed further reduction of saiga to 12 thousand- 12.8 thousand animals. In general, the population of saiga in the North-Western Caspian region continues to be in depression despite low losses of new born saiga (6.2%). The degradation of pastures led to the next stage of population cycle characterized by lower reproduction ability of animals and high level of mortality. This process deteriorates due to worse living conditions during some seasons as well as by decreasing the ability of pastures to give feed.
Analysis of the relationship between the sustainable environmental health and occupational safety: problems, prospects and opportunities
Authors: Abdrakhmanov Nail , Fedosov Artem , Kilinbaeva Ilyuza , Ismagilov Minachmat , Savicheva Yuliya
Published: February 2022

Patterns of deaths, occupational injuries and occupational diseases are not in place and are constantly changing around the world. These changes can be gradual or sudden, but have both positive and negative effects on worker safety and health. This article provides an overview of the major changes that are changing the world of work and discusses the implications of these changes for future workplace safety and the challenges and opportunities that may arise. The article summarizes three interrelated key areas of labor protection development: digitalization and information and communication technologies, automation and robotics, and also the use of nanotechnology. While changes shaping the future of work pose new challenges to occupational safety, it is worth noting that these changes also create new opportunities for improving preventive measures.
Setting the overpressure prevention system for plunger pumps to improve the environmental safety of technological equipment
Authors: Yamaliev V U , Gareev R R
Published: February 2022

The relevance of the work is due to the fact that plunger pumps of the PT, PTR, T, TP type, which have found wide application at enterprises of fuel and energy complexes, are mostly operated with an unregulated factory system for preventing pressure overloads due to the lack of technical capability in the production of periodic adjustments built-in safety valve. As a result, the operation of high pressure plunger pumps without a tuned overpressure prevention system significantly reduces the reliability and safety of technological processes. The proposed solutions to this problem are the use of a specially developed adapter of a universal design or a mobile stand, which is a complete system of controlled loading of a safety valve together with a hydraulic unit of a pump with a working fluid, mounted on a mobile frame. As a result, the adapter makes it possible to configure the dismantled valve on a specialized test bench, and the use of a mobile version makes it possible to check the hydraulic system directly at the pump installation site with the ability to adjust the valve actuation pressure.
Ensuring the safety of chemical dosing
Authors: Shaidakov V V , Shestakova E V , Barabanov A A
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the issues of ensuring the safe dosing of small volumes of chemical reagents with positive displacement pumps. The results of simulation of hydrodynamic processes in valve assemblies are presented. Studies have shown the low efficiency of the reagent supply process using ball and poppet valves. The use of hydraulic diaphragm and vortex diodes is proposed. Based on amathematical modeling, the design features of hydrodiodes and the parameters of their effective operation are substantiated, which makes it possible to exclude fluid pulsation and increase the flow rate. A diaphragm hydrodiode is suitable for a metering pump with a flow rate of at least 5 l/h. The vortex is capable of replacing ball and poppet valves at low and ultra-low flows, and it has been established that its diode resistance is more than 6, and its diode is more than 2 in terms of flow.
Investigation of the flame of natural gas in the combustion chamber of a tractor diesel engine
Authors: Maksimov I I , Alatyrev A S , Smirnov M P , Likhanov V A , Lopatin O P
Published: February 2022

Heat exchange by radiation in the working space of high-temperature combustion chambers is the predominant type of heat exchange, depending both on the temperature of the flame and on its emissivity. As is known, a luminous flame differs from a non-luminous one in that it emits thermal energy not selectively within the CO
2 and H
2
O bands, but over the entire spectrum, including the visible region. Moreover, it is in the visible region of the glowing flame of natural gas that a significant amount of thermal energy is emitted. This is explained by the fact that the dispersed phase (soot), which arose during the decomposition of methane, contains particles of such sizes (0.05-0.2 microns), which are characterized by maximum radiation in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum. Thus, the emissivity of a luminous flame is significantly higher than the emissivity of a non-luminous flame. This ability of the luminous flame is the reason for its use in diesel internal combustion engines (DICE).
Influence of the content of asphaltenes, resins and paraffin on the melting point of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits
Authors: Yarkeeva N R , Iskhakov R A
Published: February 2022

Currently, during the period of heavy oil, the problem of combating and removing asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits comes first both in oil production, transportation, processing and storage of oil. If it was not possible to prevent the accumulation of deposits in pipes, oil pipelines, tank farms, then it should be removed. Asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits can be removed in various ways: mechanical, thermal, chemical, etc. Knowing the melting point of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits or the dependencies that affect this parameter, it is possible to reduce the cost of thermal removal of deposits. The article analyzes the influence of various components of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits on the melting temperature of these deposits. The goal is to establish a qualitative assessment of the influence of the components for a more accurate selection of the heat-carrier temperature during thermal removal of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits. The analysis was carried out using the example of oils from the Krasnoleninsky arch of fields.
Development of a supra-bit jet pump for opening a productive formation
Authors: Melnikov A P , Shaidakov V V
Published: February 2022

The article proposes a jet pump for the bottom hole assembly. The developed supra-bit jet pump provides an additional circulation loop of the drilling fluid above the bottom of the well, which creates a local depression of the formation. In addition, the jet pump grinds the sludge injected from the annular space in the mixing chamber and feeds it to the bridging machine, which is included in the assembly, for temporary isolation of the productive formation. Isolation of the productive formation is necessary to prevent the flow of formation fluids into the wellbore when underbalanced. Grinding of the sludge in the jet pump is ensured by the cross flows of the working and injected liquid, which occur during the angular and eccentric displacement of the working nozzle of the jet pump relative to the mixing chamber. The angular and eccentric displacements of the working nozzle, the roughness of the flowing part of the mixing chamber and the diffuser, at which the pressure losses in the jet pump are insignificant, have been determined. Recommendations are proposed for increasing the efficiency of the jet pump in case of non-stationary operation at the bottom of the well, which occurs as a result of ground vibrations of a roller cone bit and uneven supply of working fluid by mud pumps.
Analysis of the effectiveness of the technological system for the development of the XXIII layer of the Goyt-court
Authors: Bakraev M M , Bulyukova F Z , Dumler E B
Published: February 2022

The analysis, development of the XXIII reservoir of the Goyt-Kort field, the choice of the field as a priority object for high-pressure gas injection to enhance oil recovery is well substantiated by the geological and production characteristics of the reservoir, technological features of the developed process and economic needs. The relevance of additional development, restoration and arrangement of the field, study of the current state of the reservoir, conducting research of wells, designing technology and techniques for the process of stimulating the reservoir. The reservoir of the XXIII layer of the Goyt-Kort field is characterized by low permeability, significant heterogeneity and clay content. The process of displacement by water in such conditions is very difficult, and therefore attempts to master the injection of water into the XXIII reservoir were unsuccessful. The active mode of injection of compressed hydrocarbon gas into the reservoir has been carried out for more than twelve years and during this time about one and a half billion cubic meters of gas have been injected into the reservoir. The main oil production at the field is currently carried out from the XXIII layer. The field tested and implemented the technology of continuous injection of the inhibitor into the annulus of the well. To remove the clay bridging agent of the pore matrix of high-temperature terrigenous objects, the use of reagents based on boronfluorinehydrogen acid is recommended.
To the use of energy resources in the North Caucasian Federal District
Authors: Temukuyev T B , Prazdnow G S , Temukuyev B B
Published: February 2022

Using the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the article examines the problems of rational use of energy resources in the North Caucasian Federal District, which, ranking first among the districts in terms of gasification, is the leader in overdue debts for natural gas and its losses in networks. The release of methane into the atmosphere enhances the greenhouse effect. In all the republics of the District, due to the absence of large industrial enterprises, the situation is the same - the population has become the main consumer of gas. Numerous cases of non-contractual and unaccounted gas consumption have been recorded there, energy-saving measures are insufficiently financed, the control and accounting system does not meet modern requirements, gas networks are worn out, which serves as a cover for theft. Technical problems became secondary. They will become primary when the gas supplier deals with any region as a separate consumer and nothing more. Everything else should become a problem for the region and should not concern the supplier.
Machine learning models for effective prediction of firefighting systems and reducing environmental damage
Authors: Popova E V , Gritsay G M
Published: February 2022

Artificial intelligence is now widely used in various industries, including fire safety. When designing and deploying firefighting systems in enterprises and organizations, a large number of different factors are taken into account. This article considers the possibility of applying machine learning models to ensure a high level of protection of the environment and industrial facilities from fires with a properly selected fire suppression system based on the analysis of the data provided.
Research of methods for intensification of oil production from lower cretaceous sediments of Goryacheistochnenskoye field
Authors: Bakraev M M , Bulyukova F Z , Dumler E B
Published: February 2022

The oil industry is faced with the task of determining the most effective technological schemes, while ensuring environmental and fire safety, which can increase the return of oil-producing reservoirs. During the development of the Lower Cretaceous oil deposits of the Goryacheistochnenskoye field, located at the eastern end of the Tersk Ridge, there is a tendency to decrease the flow rate of oil production wells due to deposits of hardly soluble asphaltene-tar-parfin substances in the elevator pipes. The drop in the well flow rate led to an increase in the temperature, pressure in the reservoir, as well as the intensity of deposits of colmating elements in the bottom-hole formation zone. The authors of the article propose to solve the problem of selecting an effective method of processing the near-well zone to increase oil recovery and by cleaning from colmating deposits. The main goal of the study is to identify the most effective way to treat the terrigenous near-well zone of the Lower Cretaceous formation in order to influence the skeletal structure of the reservoir rocks and combat colmating deposits. Various methods of impact on the bottom-hole zone of the well were studied. It is proposed to treat the terrigenous formation zones of the Lower Cretaceous deposits with organic RINGO-GKS and MKS solvents. Experimental fire-safe treatment of wells has shown an effective effect on the bottom-hole formation zone and its complete cleaning of colmatate deposits.
Modifying of air-mechanical foams using organosilicone compounds
Authors: Sultanov R M , Zinatullin R R , Imamutdinov S A
Published: February 2022

The results of studying the fire foams’ modification using organosilicone compounds are presented in this article. The results of comparative fighting flammable liquid fires (diesel fuel) using non-modified foam and modified foam are also studied. It is shown that fire fighting using foam, modified with organosilicone compounds is much more effective, because of the increasing isolating capacity of such foam due to high-solidifying formation of foam which prevent the liquid vapors from getting in the area of chemical reactions and also isolate the flammable liquid from the oxygen of the air. Such a result is possible due to the presence of the mixture of solutions of foaming agent and the organosilicone modifying compound in the structure of the foam – tethraethyl silicate (TES). The results of the study confirm the perspective of using the organic compounds of the silica for improvement the fire extinguishing properties of the foam and its further applying for the fighting with flammable liquid fire.
A promising approach to assessing anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems for the sustainable functioning of cyber-physical systems
Authors: Kovalev I V , Losev V V , Saramud M V , Kovalev D I , Lifar A S
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the problem of controlling the emission of gases and suspended particles of thermal power plants. It is a closed system with mutual influence of physical processes (fuel preparation, fuel combustion, flue gases and particulate matter removal) on computational processes (fuel quality control, fuel combustion completeness control, control of permissible emissions into the atmosphere) and the reverse influence of computational processes on physical ones (fuel preparation modes change, fuel combustion modes change, flue gases and suspended particles removal modes change). The fault tolerance and predictability improvement of such a cyber-physical system is associated with an increase of the data reliability from existing feedback loops and the multimodality of physical process control systems.
Determination of soil toxicity man-made zones by example of city with developed industry
Authors: Khakimova G V , Asfandiyarova L R
Published: February 2022

The soils of the industrial city were investigated using phytotesting methods. Cress salad was chosen as the test object. Toxicity was assessed based on a comparison of germination and total seedling length. Based on the experiments conducted, one can judge the close relationship between atmospheric air pollution and depositing media - snow and soil cover. The main centers of contamination were identified, priority sources of pollution were established. It was established that the distribution of pollutants in the city is influenced by the physical and geographical characteristics of the area and meteorological conditions for the dispersion of pollutants.
Polyvariance of ontogeny of Castilleja lapponica Gand. under industrial pollution of the Subarctic
Authors: Vasilevskaya N V
Published: February 2022

Studies of the cenopopulations of Castilleja lapponica Gand. - the endemic Arctic, North European species were carried out in the Lovozersky Mountains (Murmansk region). Monitoring of the cenopopulations of C. lapponica continued for 2 years under chemical and radiation pollution of the environment (30-60 uR/hr) by the Lovozersky Mining and Processing Plant where the tantalum-niobium ores and rare earth raw materials are mined and processed. Wastes of ore dressing are homogeneous sands, which are stored in the Tailing Dump. The study was held at stationary test sites in the tundra meadows and in the vicinity of the Karnasurt Tailing Dump. The polyvariance of ontogeny in cenopopulations of C. lapponica under the industrial pollution and in the natural environment of the tundra has been revealed. It is shown that under the technogenic stress, Castilleja, which reproduces in tundra meadows mainly vegetatively, switches to seed reproduction. Ontogeny spectra are unstable: in the first year of monitoring, seedlings are dominating, in the second - generative plants. Radiation stimulates the germination of seeds, the intensity of sexual reproduction increases, but most of seedlings are eliminated up to the next year. The high level of dooming of generative shoots and individuals, teratogenesis of inflorescences has been identified. The vitality of individuals decreases, the density of cenopopulations changes. Seed reproduction under conditions of the environment pollution by rare elements and radionuclides can be considered as an adaptation that contributes to the survival of C. lapponica.
Conceptual model for examining knowledge maps adoption in ecosystem of megacities
Authors: Mamai I B , Gayer A V
Published: February 2022

The high anthropogenic load on the ecosystems of megalopolises necessitates the search for non-trivial ways to maintain and preserve the quality of life based on intelligent decision support systems. The introduction of knowledge maps into the ecosystems of megalopolises is associated with the need to develop conceptual decision-making models. It is proposed to use neuro-fuzzy networks as a basis for constructing such models. Scientific and methodological approaches to the evolutionary construction of decision rules for knowledge maps based on a system of criteria are developed. The proposed approaches were implemented in the form of a program that allows building knowledge maps based on the resolution of environmental and socio-economic factors of load on the ecosystems of megalopolises.
Hygienic behavior of bees as an element of sterility in the production of environmentally friendly products
Authors: Garmaev B D , Khoroshailo T A , Alekseeva Y A , Martemyanova A A
Published: February 2022

Beekeeping in Russia has been widespread for a long time and almost everywhere, a traditional and significant branch of the country’s agriculture. In the Russian Federation, as in most countries, beekeeping is mainly practiced by amateurs. In 2019, according to government statistics, there were about 4.0 million bee colonies in the country, with more than 90% of them in the private sector. One of the factors of high productivity of bee colonies is the hygienic activity of individuals. The behavior of the bees in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in the hive is astonishing. Not only the honeycomb, but even the walls and floor of the hive are always kept neat, polished with propolis. Garbage falling to the bottom of the hive is immediately thrown out through the entrance. Moreover, large litter, for example, the corpse of a bee, is pulled out by the orderlies onto the boarding board, and, grabbing it with their legs, take off to carry it away from the hive. Worker bees sweep small debris out of the hive with their fan wings, like brooms, and even brush dust particles to the tap hole. Sterility in a honey bee nest can be compared to an operating room in a modern clinical hospital.
Prediction of safety in emergency situations of complex geotechnical objects using neural networks
Authors: Pervov K C , Hafizov F W , Vasilyev D V , Ozden I V
Published: February 2022

In this article, the mathematical setting of the problem of predicting the state of an object was performed, the construction features and efficiency of using a multilayer perseptron for constructing neural network models and predicting the states of a geotechnical object were analyzed. Based on this article, an approach to predicting maximum water levels in rivers during the spring flood is proposed. Thus, prevent and minimize the likelihood of emergencies arising from flooding of territories located in the immediate vicinity of rivers.
Obtaining effective biodestructors of fungicidal drugs for environmental agrobiocenoses’ maintenance sustainability
Authors: Kolotova O V , Mogilevskaya I V , Nefedieva E E , Zheltobryukhov V F
Published: February 2022

Agrobiocenoses are highly productive communities. However, their resistance is low due to the artificially limited species diversity, susceptibility to diseases and pests, and the impossibility of self-recovery. The constant use of pesticides for plant protection further reduces the resistance of agrocenoses due to the toxicity of the components for the soil microbiota and pollinating insects. The accumulation and migration of toxic components of pesticides leads to an increase in the environmental load on surface water bodies and aquatic organisms. The impossibility of abandoning the use of fungicidal preparations and the need to develop ways to increase the ecological stability of agrobiocenoses determined the relevance of the studies described in the article. In the course of the experiment, pure cultures of 9 microbial strains-destructors of strobilurins and triazoles - active substances of widely used fungicides -were isolated from environmental objects. A comparative assessment of the ability of the isolated strains to consume high concentrations of azoxystrobin and cyproconazole was carried out. It was found that the Bacillus thuringiensis strain, which is capable of growing on media containing up to 100 APC for soil in the absence of other carbon sources, has the greatest activity. B. thuringiensis is promising as the basis of a biological product for the recultivation of soils contaminated with fungicides of the strobilurin and triazole classes. To obtain the biomass of the biodestructor, the optimal cultivation parameters were determined: temperature 37 ºC and the composition of the nutrient medium based on glucose and peptone with microelements: Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, B.
Ways to develop highly profitable organic tillage technologies in rural regions
Authors: Kapinos Roman , Chugai Dmitry , Zolotarev Sergey , Zolotareva Oksana , Demesheva Irina
Published: February 2022

The use of organic technologies in the Russian Federation is considered by us as the most important condition for improving agricultural production, leading to optimization and minimization of the most important environmental, social and economic problems. One of such organic technologies is the highly profitable technology proposed by us for combining zero plowing of the earth with mulching of the soil with natural mulch of various plant origin. The article substantiates the high efficiency of the new organic technology in the first year of use. Thus, according to the calculated data, the profitability of the project can be up to 75 percent, which is significantly higher than the average for the agro-industrial complex of the Belgorod region and the Russian Federation as a whole - 17-20 percent profitability.
Global climate and soil cover in Russia: function and role of the carbon landfill
Authors: Bamatov I M , Bamatov D M , Mutuzova M K
Published: February 2022

One of the most discussed problems of the civilized world of the 21st century is the global climate and the world economy, their importance and influence on the problems of ensuring the environmental safety of the entire globe. This overview article is considering the EU’s announcement of the introduction of a carbon tax on imported goods and Russia’s readiness to develop suitable (unified) methods for calculating the CO2 absorption capacity of the environment, which would be recognized by the world community, as well as the National System for accounting for greenhouse gas emissions by ecosystems (forest, steppe, tundra, farmland, bodies of water, etc.). Moreover, this article notes the importance of studying the emission and sequestration of greenhouse gases (creation of carbon landfills, farms) by different types of soils, the importance of which is characterized by the upcoming “carbon tax” on products exported outside our country.
Systems synthesis: environmental factors impact assessment in non indigenous women living in the North
Authors: Eskov V V , Gazya G V , Bashkatova Yu V , Filatova O E
Published: February 2022

Analysis of North environmental factors and they influence on human body have special problem according to absent of statistic stability of any samples parameters. Now it is known as Eskov-Zinchenko effect and the effect needs new theory and new methods for description of specific behavior of biosystems. So we presented the Eskov-Zinchenko effect and new methods of system synthesis. The last method is based on investigation of order parameters and calculation of a special model for cardiointervals aging dynamic and its descriptions.
Calculation of the carbon footprint of industrial hybrid solar - wind turbines
Authors: Abdullina L R , Selkin S S , Zrazhevskiy A V , Baryshnikov E S , Selivanova S V
Published: February 2022

Ensuring stable access for both the world’s population and various industries with clean energy from renewable sources is one of the most important problems that society will have to solve in the 21st century. The resource base of the energy sector, on which all the economic activities of mankind are based, is exhaustible in the foreseeable future. In this regard, the issues of energy conservation, development and implementation of alternative energy systems from renewable energy sources are becoming one of the most urgent. The article discusses the impact of the food industry on the sustainability of ecological systems, provides a detailed review of methods for calculating the carbon footprint of goods and services, provides data on comparing the accuracy between methods, calculates the carbon footprint of a hybrid solar-wind turbine of a given power.
Hydrogen as an alternative planetary fuel: current problems and environmental impact
Authors: Temukuyev Timur B , Prazdnow Gennady S , Temukuyev Boris B
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the possibility of using hydrogen as an ideal alternative fuel with a zero carbon footprint. It can be considered as such only if it is obtained from the decomposition of water using energy from renewable sources, since hydrogen will no longer belong to traditional types of fuel, turning into an energy accumulator obtained from a certain source, with all the advantages and disadvantages of such devices. The economic efficiency of the battery is estimated by the efficiency. For the industrial use of hydrogen as a fuel, it is necessary to solve such technical problems as the choice of primary energy sources for the decomposition of water, storage and transportation of the resulting gases, as well as to determine the energy feasibility of introducing certain technological schemes. To assess the carbon footprint, it is necessary to determine the primary energy efficiency, that is, to identify the sources of used energy in all links of the technological scheme from the development of project documentation to the disposal of used equipment.
The effect of stressful ecological conditions on chlorophyll content in the leaves of spring wheat plants
Authors: Trukhachev V I , Seregina I I , Belopukhov S L , Dmitrevskaya I I , Fomina T I , Zharkikh O A , Akhmetzhanov D M
Published: February 2022

In short-term vegetative experiment studied the effect of the different combinations of nitrogen and zinc fertilizers on the chlorophyll content in the leaves of spring wheat plants of the Zlata variety. It is established that application of nitrogen fertilizers together with zinc in most combinations contributed to stabilization of synthesis processes of chlorophyll grains in the leaves of wheat. It is shown that in conditions of optimal water supply and in the conditions of ecological stress caused by drought the most optimal combinations were ammonium sulfate with zinc and urea with zinc. With optimal water supply in variants where were applied ammonium sulfate with zinc and urea with zinc was obtained an increase of the amount of chlorophyll (a + b) compared with control variant without zinc, as a result of the growth of the content of both chlorophylls a and chlorophyll b. In the conditions of named ecological stress, the amount of chlorophyll (a+b) was increased in the variant with the addition of ammonium sulfate mainly due to chlorophyll a. In the variant where was applied urea with zinc the amount of chlorophylls (a+b) increased as a result of growth of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. It is shown that in conditions of drought in the specified variants had been increasing the ratio og chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b due to growth of chlorophyll b which indicates about improvement of water balance inside of the plant cells and increasing a photosynthetic activity due to normalization of processes of photolysis of water.
Environmental consequences of fires
Authors: Andreev D V
Published: February 2022

The topic under consideration is relevant, since more than 80% of Yakutia is covered with forests, which is why this region is one of the most fire hazardous in our country. This year in Russia, in particular in Yakutia, there was a record number of fires. Since the beginning of 2021, 69 forest fires have occurred in Russia, that is, they have affected the lands of the forest fund. In 2020, 439,100 fires were registered, which is 6.9% less than in 2019. They killed 8,262 people, which is 3.5% less than last year. Among the dead, 355 were minors - 12.6% less than in 2019. There is no doubt that fires have negative impacts on all areas. Ecology is no exception. In this regard, in this article, the authors consider the environmental consequences of the fires in Yakutia that occurred this year.
Evaluation of salicylic acid effect on Tetraselmis suecica growth, biochemical composition and caloric value
Authors: Kovalev N N , Leskova S E , Mikheev E V
Published: February 2022

The microalgae Tetraselmis suecica is widely studied as a potential producer of triglycerides for biofuels production and number of biologically active substances. Artificial cultivation of microalgae is associated with its use as live food for bivalve molluscs cultivation, sea cucumbers and fish. The efficiency of microalgae cultivation depends on many environmental factors and is an economically demanding process. The use of exogenous stimulants - phytohormones, has a significant effect on the growth and cultivated microalgae biochemical parameters. It was shown that salicylic acid in concentrations of 1.0 - 3.8 x 10-8 M stimulated the growth of the Tetraselmis suecica culture. In comparison with the control, the growth of the culture by 415% was noted, with the addition of phytohormone at a concentration of 3.8 x 10-8 M. Under the influence of salicylic acid, the amount of protein increased 3.2 times, protein 1.3 times, and the synthesis of carbohydrates was suppressed. The caloric content of Tetraselmis suecica was determined by biochemical composition differences, which must be taken into account when determining the cultivation strategy for marine invertebrates, since a certain plastic material is required for each stage of metamorphosis. The toxicity of salicylic acid due to its accumulation in the environment is well known. The results obtained in our work will contribute to the expansion of knowledge about the effect of acid on microalgae and the potential for their use for wastewater bioremediation.
The review of methods of post-treatment of urban wastewater with a high content of industrial effluents
Authors: Yu Dyagelev M
Published: February 2022

This paper presents an overview of the existing methods of post-treatment of urban wastewater that have undergone mechanical and biological treatment. The results of the experience of practical operation of wastewater treatment facilities are considered and analyzed, the analysis of the operation of mechanical, biological and physicochemical methods used at treatment facilities as a tertiary stage of treatment is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of each presented method are analyzed and on the basis of this analysis a comparative table of post-treatment methods has been compiled.