bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Networks of need: a geospatial analysis of secondary cities
Authors: Shores Amanda , Johnson Hanna , Fugate Debbie , Laituri Melinda
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Urbanization and the continued growth of cities, both demographically and spatially, are topics of research studied across a range of disciplines in the urban millennium — a time in history when the majority of people live in cities. However, scholarly research has focused little attention on secondary cities, despite being the most rapidly growing cities in many low-and middle-income countries. Secondary cities, defined by their function rather than population size, are vital nodes for regional commerce and services. As these cities have historically been understudied, they lack geospatial data and the associated analyses important for local planners to understand how to meet current needs and plan for future growth. With this research, openly available geospatial data are evaluated, including both global (i.e., population distribution), local (i.e., municipal data), and data for four service categories (i.e., education, social, health, and food services). This research presents techniques to provide baseline understanding of data needs and accessibility of services in secondary cities with limited geospatial data and expertise.

Case description

We examine two secondary cities, Pokhara, Nepal, and Douala, Cameroon. These cities are experiencing unplanned growth, development, and exposure to conditions that contribute to intra-urban inequalities. This research takes a spatial approach—coupling locally-created data sources (i.e., municipality data, field-collected, and non-governmental organizations’ data) with global databases (i.e., world population and satellite images) to demonstrate how spatial data can be integrated and analyzed to enrich our limited understanding of secondary cities and the needs of resident populations. Four categories of services are evaluated and the distance to services from populated areas is calculated.

Discussion and evaluation

This research suggests that the distribution of services in both cities does not align with high-need, densely populated areas for certain services, a result of unplanned urban growth. Conversely, populations in areas far from the city center must travel relatively far distances to reach services, indicating lower levels of accessibility.

Conclusion

The results of this research serve to identify mapping needs and service accessibility. Projects focusing on geospatial data creation provide information needed for local populations to assess their community and the network of services offered. Additionally, local-decision makers can seek policy options to address unmet needs for community improvements and inequality reduction.
Quantitative measurements of inorganic analytes on a digital microfluidics platform
Authors: Huang Shuquan , Fair Richard B.
Published: November 2019

Two methods were studied for selectively measuring the on-chip absorbance of trace sulfate analytes in droplets on a digital microfluidics (DMF) platform. In one method, the direction of measurement was perpendicular to the flat upper and lower surfaces of the DMF platform (vertical), and in the second method, the measurement direction was parallel to the DMF platform surfaces (horizontal). The channel height or the vertical light path length was 0.24 mm, and the droplet diameter was 1 mm. The DMF system employed a silicone oil transport medium whereby a thin, non-uniform oil layer formed between the droplet and the upper/lower plates which was unstable, resulting in randomly formed local oil lenses. The mobile oil lenses caused vertical absorbance measurement errors and uncertainties. The effects of the oil lenses were verified by simulation. Horizontal absorbance measurements were taken with embedded optical fibers (0.2 mm in diameter) aligned over the bottom chip surface in contact with the sides of the droplet, resulting in a horizontal light path length approximately three times that of the vertical light path. Because no oil lenses could form on the droplet’s sides, the stability of repeated horizontal measurements outperformed repeated vertical measurements made on the same droplet and on multiple droplets actuated into the measurement positions. Comparisons were based on measurement standard deviations and limits of detection (LOD). The following LODs and measurement standard deviations were achieved for horizontal measurements of multiple sulfate concentrations in 1.5 µl droplets: 7 ppm for sulfate (0.3–2.7%) and an R2 value of 0.957 from a least square data fit. Measurements on a commercial plate reader gave comparable results (200 µl liquid in each well, LOD equals 11 ppm, CV equals to 0.2–4%), even though the absorbance path was larger (0.7 mm). This LOD value means that the chip could detect 10.5 ng of sulfate. LOD values on vertical measurements were also similar, but large measurement errors from numerous outlier points yielded an R2 value of 0.735 and large average measurement standard deviations (36%).
Design of a flexible piezoelectric microgripper based on combined amplification principles
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Deng Zilong , Hu Siya , Gao Jinhai , Gao Xingjun
Published: November 2019

Aiming to address the problem of the low amplification ratio of traditional microgrippers, a two-stage microgripper based on the principle of combined amplification was designed with a high amplification ratio and large displacement, using a simple and compact structure. The relationship between theoretical input variables and output variables were first calculated by a projection theorem. Secondly, the performance of the microgripper was analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, the accuracy of the theoretical calculation and FEA was verified experimentally. The results show that the microgripper has high magnification and can be gripped in parallel, with self-adaptability for many irregular shaped micro objects. The actual magnification was 23.2×, which is greater than similar products.
Dissolved inorganic Radiocarbon content of the Western Coral sea: Implications for Intermediate and Deep Water Circulation
Authors: Servettaz Aymeric PM , Yokoyama Yusuke , Hirabayashi Shoko , Kienast Markus , Miyairi Yosuke , Mohtadi Mahyar
Published: November 2019

The South Pacific Ocean contributes to the global carbon cycle by exchanging CO2 between the atmosphere and intermediate to deep water masses. The path of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the South Pacific gyre has been inferred from salinity, oxygen, and nutrient measurements, but radiocarbon (14C) measurements—a direct tracer of the carbon cycle—remain sparse. Here, we present the first radiocarbon profiles in the western Coral Sea and compare our measurements with South Pacific stations from GLODAPv2, a database of ocean hydrochemistry. Surface and subsurface waters in the Coral Sea cannot be attributed to a single source based on their Δ14C signatures, and we observe a penetration of bomb-produced 14C. AAIW in the western Coral Sea shows Δ14C values comparable to those in the South Pacific gyre, consistent with circulation of AAIW in the lower part of the southern equatorial current. The deep waters of the western Coral Sea have significantly higher 14C than the South Pacific at the same isopycnal, consistent with a northward intrusion of Circumpolar Deep Water from the Tasman Sea, along with a westward influx of deep waters from the Central Pacific. In accordance with silicate concentrations published previously, this shows the dual origin of deep waters in the Coral Sea.
ARITHMETIC PROPERTIES OF COEFFICIENTS OF THE MOCK THETA FUNCTION
Authors: MAO RENRONG
Published: November 2019

We investigate the arithmetic properties of the second-order mock theta function $B(q)$ and establish two identities for the coefficients of this function along arithmetic progressions. As applications, we prove several congruences for these coefficients.
CHEBYSHEV SUBSETS OF A HILBERT SPACE SPHERE
Authors: BENDIT THEO
Published: November 2019

The Chebyshev conjecture posits that Chebyshev subsets of a real Hilbert space $X$ are convex. Works by Asplund, Ficken and Klee have uncovered an equivalent formulation of the Chebyshev conjecture in terms of uniquely remotal subsets of $X$. In this tradition, we develop another equivalent formulation in terms of Chebyshev subsets of the unit sphere of $X\times \mathbb{R}$. We characterise such sets in terms of the image under stereographic projection. Such sets have superior structure to Chebyshev sets and uniquely remotal sets.
DAUGAVET PROPERTY IN TENSOR PRODUCT SPACES
Authors: Rueda Zoca Abraham , Tradacete Pedro , Villanueva Ignacio
Published: November 2019

We study the Daugavet property in tensor products of Banach spaces. We show that$L_{1}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D707})\widehat{\otimes }_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}}L_{1}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D708})$has the Daugavet property when$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$are purely non-atomic measures. Also, we show that$X\widehat{\otimes }_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}}Y$has the Daugavet property provided$X$and$Y$are$L_{1}$-preduals with the Daugavet property, in particular, spaces of continuous functions with this property. With the same techniques, we also obtain consequences about roughness in projective tensor products as well as the Daugavet property of projective symmetric tensor products.
RETHINKING MODELS OF MINORITY POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
Authors: Kim Sunmin
Published: November 2019

Political science research has repeatedly identified a strong correlation between high socio-economic status and political participation, but this finding has not been as robust for racial and ethnic minorities. As a response, the literature on minority political participation has produced a series of different models for different groups by adding group-specific variables to the standard SES model. In assigning a single model per group, however, the literature tends to overlook intra-group differences as well as inter-group commonalities, thereby effectively reifying the concept of race and ethnicity. Using survey data from Los Angeles, this article develops a different approach aimed at detecting intra-group differences as well as inter-group commonalities through a recognition of political “styles.” First, using latent class analysis (LCA), I identify a set of recurring configurations of individual dispositions (education, political knowledge…) and political acts (voting, protest…) that define different political styles. Then I examine the distribution of these political styles across racial and ethnic groups. The results reveal three novel findings that were invisible in the previous studies: 1) all groups feature a considerable degree of intra-group difference in political styles; 2) each group retains other political styles that cannot be captured by a single model; and 3) there are commonalities of political styles that cut across racial and ethnic boundaries. Overall, this article presents a model for quantitative analysis of race and ethnicity that simultaneously captures intra-group differences and inter-group commonalities.
Political Accountability, Legislator Gender, and the Status Quo Bias
Authors: Sheffer Lior
Published: November 2019

A large body of literature in political science documents differences between elected men and women in their substantive policy preferences, representation styles, and effectiveness as legislators. We know far less about whether female and male representatives respond differently to being held politically accountable for their decisions. Although it is a difficult concept to evaluate empirically with incumbents, this absence of research is nevertheless surprising considering the central role of accountability in legislative behavior and the nonelite evidence that women and men respond differently to attributions of accountability. I provide evidence for the existence of such an accountability gender gap in an experiment with 377 incumbent legislators in three countries, in which they were asked to choose between economic policy plans alternately presented as the status quo, with varying levels of implied task accountability. Elected women and men reacted significantly differently when the political accountability levels of the task increased: female politicians exhibited a stronger preference for policies presented as the status quo, whereas male politicians were more likely to abandon the status quo and favor change. This pattern is unique to politicians and is not observed in nonelites. I discuss processes that motivate this divergence and the implications for research on gender and political representation.
Determination of weed hosts of soybean cyst nematode in South Dakota
Authors: Basnet Pawan , Clay Sharon A. , Byamukama Emmanuel
Published: November 2019

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) causes over $1.2 billion in revenue loss annually in the United States and consistently ranks as the most threatening pathogen for soybean. SCN weed hosts have been documented in other states in the eastern Corn Belt, but very little work has been done in the midwestern Corn Belt. To determine alternative SCN weed hosts in South Dakota, 670 whole weed root samples comprising 63 weed species were collected from 48 SCN-positive fields in 13 counties during fall 2016 and spring 2017. Among the 63 weed species, 12 contained SCN juveniles and 7 were confirmed hosts of SCN based on the completion of the SCN life cycle in greenhouse studies. Ranking of female index (FI) for the weed hosts were purple deadnettle (FI = 34.6) > field pennycress (FI = 26.9) > common mallow (FI = 2.04) > shepherd’s purse (FI = 1.89) > white clover (FI = 1.86) > Canada thistle (FI = 1.24) > common cocklebur (FI = 1.10). These results indicate that some weeds can support SCN, and therefore a proactive weed management approach should be employed for fields infested with SCN.
Toward a Dynamical Foundation for Organized Convection Parameterization in GCMs
Authors: Moncrieff Mitchell W.
Published: November 2019

A dynamically based parameterization of organized moist convection in the form of multiscale coherent structures and slantwise layer overturning principles provides upscale heat and counter‐gradient momentum transports distinct from diffusive down‐gradient mixing by unorganized cumulus. Implementation of a minimalist version of this new parameterization in a state‐of‐the‐art global climate model (GCM) improves the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and convectively coupled waves and generates large‐scale patterns of tropical precipitation consistent with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite measurements. A question on the need to parameterize mesoscale convective organization to mitigate mean state biases is addressed.
Feedback of Mixing to ENSO Phase Change
Authors: Warner Sally J. , Moum James N.
Published: November 2019

A decade‐long time series of mixing in the equatorial Pacific cold tongue at 0°, 140°W reveals how mixing changes on El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) time scales. Separated into phase transitions to and from the neutral state, we find that mixing is most intense during the perturbation from the neutral state to peak La Niña when sea surface temperature cools and weakest during the perturbation from the neutral state to peak El Niño when sea surface temperature warms. Intermediate levels of mixing occur during relaxations back to the neutral state. Heating and cooling rates due to the divergence of turbulence heat flux across the mixed layer, where the net surface heat flux is the value of the turbulence heat flux at the sea surface, have the same amplitude and sign as sea surface heating and cooling rates during ENSO phase transitions. We suggest that the basic Bjerknes feedback must include mixing.
Dipolarization Fronts: Tangential Discontinuities? On the Spatial Range of Validity of the MHD Jump Conditions
Authors: Schmid D. , Volwerk M. , Plaschke F. , Nakamura R. , Baumjohann W. , Wang G.Q. , Wu M.Y. , Zhang T.L.
Published: November 2019

Magnetotail dipolarization fronts (DFs) are referred as the sharp increase of the northward magnetic field component, embedded in bursts of fast earthward moving plasma flows, so called bursty bulk flows. Earlier studies often considered DFs as tangential discontinuities (TDs), which can be understood as thin vertical current layers of earthward moving flux tubes, so called dipolarzing flux bundles (DFBs), which separate the ambient plasma sheet plasma from the low entropy plasma within the DFB. Here we present a statistical study of 23 DFs observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission during 2017 and 2018 when the apogee was at 25 RE in the magnetotail. We perform a test of the Walén relation to distinguish whether the observed DFs have rather a TD or rotational discontinuity character and evaluate the plasma flow across the DFs in detail. The results show that on MHD large scales, all 23 DFs can be considered as TD like, but sometimes may have a significant normal plasma flow across it: for 16 events (∼70%), the plasma flows mainly tangential to the DFs, while for seven events (∼30%), the plasma flows mainly across the DFs. Based on the findings present in this study, we further hypothesize that the DF structure becomes more distorted and unstable in a (locally) more dipolarized background magnetic field region, which may additionally facilitate the plasma flow across the front.
Understanding and Harnessing the Dual Electrostatic/Electromagnetic Character of Plasma Turbulence in the Near‐Earth Space Environment
Authors: Ganguli Gurudas , Crabtree Chris , Fletcher Alex C. , Rudakov Leonid , Richardson Andrew S. , Huba Joseph , Siefring Carl , Amatucci William , Lewis Charlton D.
Published: November 2019

The ability to morph electrostatic plasma turbulence into electromagnetic has promising applications, including the possibility of actively influencing the near‐Earth plasma state, aka the space weather. This dual (electrostatic/electromagnetic) nature is a fundamental property of plasma turbulence, which has not been well explored but could explain many phenomena including the formation of a resonant cavity that can amplify the turbulence energy. The upcoming Space Measurement of A Rocket‐Released Turbulence (SMART) mission is designed to understand the evolution of plasma turbulence and the nonlocal consequences of its dual nature. This includes the flow of energy into all possible wavelengths, as well as the transport of energy over a large geographical volume. The resulting energy redistribution in both waves and particles in an extended geographical volume creates a unique electromagnetic environment, which is important for space weather.
Simulation of Remanent, Transient, and Induced FORC Diagrams for Interacting Particles With Uniaxial, Cubic, and Hexagonal Anisotropy
Authors: Harrison Richard J. , Zhao Xiang , Hu Pengxiang , Sato Tetsuro , Heslop David , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Oda Hirokuni , Kuppili Venkata S. C. , Roberts Andrew P.
Published: November 2019

The diagnostic power of first‐order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams has recently been enhanced by an extended measurement protocol that yields three additional FORC‐like diagrams: the remanent (remFORC), induced (iFORC), and transient (tFORC) diagrams. Here, we present micromagnetic simulations using this extended protocol, including numerical predictions of remFORC, iFORC, and tFORC signatures for particle ensembles relevant to rock magnetism. Simulations are presented for randomly packed single‐domain (SD) particles with uniaxial, cubic, and hexagonal anisotropy, and for chains of uniaxial SD particles. Noninteracting particles have zero tFORC, but distinct remFORC and iFORC signals, that provide enhanced discrimination between uniaxial, cubic, and hexagonal anisotropy types. Increasing interactions lessen the ability to discriminate between uniaxial and cubic anisotropy but reproduces a change in the pattern of positive and negative iFORC signals observed for SD‐dominated versus vortex‐dominated samples. Interactions in SD particles lead to the emergence of a bi‐lobate tFORC distribution, which is related to formation of flux‐closure in super‐vortex states. A predicted iFORC signal associated with collapsed chains is observed in experimental data and may aid magnetofossil identification in sediments. Asymmetric FORC and FORC‐like distributions for hexagonal anisotropy are explained by the availability of multiple easy axes within the basal plane. A transition to uniaxial switching occurs below a critical value of the out‐of‐plane/in‐plane anisotropy ratio, which may allow FORC diagrams to provide insight into the stress state of hexagonal minerals, such as hematite.
An Assessment and Improvement of Satellite Ocean Color Algorithms for the Tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Pittman Nicholas A. , Strutton Peter G. , Johnson Robert , Matear Richard J.
Published: November 2019

The tropical Pacific Ocean is a globally significant region of climate‐driven biogeochemical variability. Satellite ocean color algorithms have been used for over 20 years, providing a substantial historical record of global ocean chlorophyll‐a variability. Current chlorophyll algorithms perform better in the tropical Pacific than for the globe. Nevertheless, improvements can be made to produce a robust historical record of chlorophyll variability, which is essential to accurately identify ocean‐atmosphere carbon fluxes and long‐term trends in ocean productivity. We use a large in situ chlorophyll database to tune empirical ocean color algorithms to reduce bias in the equatorial Pacific. Traditional band ratio chlorophyll algorithms (OCx) perform adequately but exhibit errors at low chlorophyll concentrations. A new algorithm, the Ocean Color Index (OCI; Hu et al., 2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007395), is more effective at calculating low chlorophyll concentrations in the mesotrophic tropical Pacific Ocean. Existing ocean color algorithms underestimate tropical Pacific chlorophyll by 5.8%, 14%, and 2% for three satellite ocean color sensors: SeaWiFS, MODIS‐Aqua, and MERIS. In this paper, we develop regionally tuned sensor‐specific coefficients and blending windows between the OCI to OCx algorithms to reduce systematic biases in the tropical Pacific. We assess cross‐sensor consistency to produce robust 21‐year time series trends. These updated estimates increase chlorophyll concentrations in open water and decrease around island and warm‐pool regions, with implications for our understanding of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation driven carbon fluxes and net primary productivity.
Coordination of cohabiting phage elements supports bacteria–phage cooperation
Authors: Argov Tal , Sapir Shai Ran , Pasechnek Anna , Azulay Gil , Stadnyuk Olga , Rabinovich Lev , Sigal Nadejda , Borovok Ilya , Herskovits Anat A.
Published: November 2019

Bacterial pathogens often carry multiple prophages and other phage-derived elements within their genome, some of which can produce viral particles in response to stress. Listeria monocytogenes 10403S harbors two phage elements in its chromosome, both of which can trigger bacterial lysis under stress: an active prophage (ϕ10403S) that promotes the virulence of its host and can produce infective virions, and a locus encoding phage tail-like bacteriocins. Here, we show that the two phage elements are co-regulated, with the bacteriocin locus controlling the induction of the prophage and thus its activity as a virulence-associated molecular switch. More specifically, a metalloprotease encoded in the bacteriocin locus is upregulated in response to stress and acts as an anti-repressor for CI-like repressors encoded in each phage element. Our results provide molecular insight into the phenomenon of polylysogeny and its intricate adaptation to complex environments.
Feature selection with the Fisher score followed by the Maximal Clique Centrality algorithm can accurately identify the hub genes of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Chengzhang , Xu Jiucheng
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to select the feature genes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the Fisher score algorithm and to identify hub genes with the Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC) algorithm. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to examine the enrichment of terms. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the classes of genes that are overrepresented. Following the construction of a protein-protein interaction network with the feature genes, hub genes were identified with the MCC algorithm. The Kaplan–Meier plotter was utilized to assess the prognosis of patients based on expression of the hub genes. The feature genes were closely associated with cancer and the cell cycle, as revealed by GO, KEGG and GSEA enrichment analyses. Survival analysis showed that the overexpression of the Fisher score–selected hub genes was associated with decreased survival time (P < 0.05). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Lasso, ReliefF and random forest were used for comparison with the Fisher score algorithm. The comparison among these approaches showed that the Fisher score algorithm is superior to the Lasso and ReliefF algorithms in terms of hub gene identification and has similar performance to the WGCNA and random forest algorithms. Our results demonstrated that the Fisher score followed by the application of the MCC algorithm can accurately identify hub genes in HCC.
Reduction in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction is Associated with Subsequent Cardiac Events in Outpatients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Okuhara Yoshitaka , Asakura Masanori , Orihara Yoshiyuki , Morisawa Daisuke , Matsumoto Yuki , Naito Yoshiro , Tsujino Takeshi , Ishihara Masaharu , Masuyama Tohru
Published: November 2019

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is critical for determining the prognosis and treatment of patients with heart failure (HF). However, the influence of serial LVEF changes in patients with stable chronic HF (CHF) has not yet been completely investigated. We analyzed data of 263 outpatients with CHF from the J-MELODIC study cohort and evaluated the frequency of cardiac events. We stratified patients into tertiles based on the relative difference in LVEF in 1 year and that at baseline. We found a significant difference in the cardiac event rate among the three groups (log-rank test, p = 0.042). We identified a relative 11% LVEF reduction as the optimal cutoff value based on the receiver operating characteristics analysis. LVEF (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07; p = 0.015) and E/e′ (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12; p = 0.023) at baseline were predictors of >11% LVEF reduction. After adjusting the variables including age and sex, >11% LVEF reduction was an independent predictor of subsequent cardiac events (HR, 5.79; 95% CI, 2.49–13.2; p < 0.001). In conclusion, patients with 1-year relative >11% LVEF reduction may have subsequent worsening outcomes. Such patients should be carefully followed-up as high risk population for development of cardiac events.
Tai Chi Chuan vs General Aerobic Exercise in Brain Plasticity: A Multimodal MRI Study
Authors: Cui Lei , Yin HengChan , Lyu ShaoJun , Shen QiQi , Wang Yuan , Li XiuJuan , Li Jing , Li YunFei , Zhu LiNa
Published: November 2019

This study contrasted the impact of Tai Chi Chuan and general aerobic exercise on brain plasticity in terms of an increased grey matter volume and functional connectivity during structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), explored the advantages of Tai Chi Chuan in improving brain structure and function. Thirty-six college students were grouped into Tai Chi Chuan (Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi), general aerobic exercise (brisk walking) and control groups. Individuals were assessed with a sMRI and rs-fMRI scan before and after an 8-week training period. The VBM toolbox was used to conduct grey matter volume analyses. The CONN toolbox was used to conduct several seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses. We can conclude that compared with general aerobic exercise, eight weeks of Tai Chi Chuan exercise has a stronger effect on brain plasticity, which is embodied in the increase of grey matter volume in left middle occipital gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus and the enhancement of functional connectivity between the left middle frontal gyrus and left superior parietal lobule. These findings demonstrate the potential and advantages of Tai Chi Chuan exercises in eliciting brain plasticity.
Photocatalytic proximity labelling of MCL-1 by a BH3 ligand
Authors: Beard Hester A. , Hauser Jacob R. , Walko Martin , George Rachel M. , Wilson Andrew J. , Bon Robin S.
Published: November 2019

Ligand-directed protein labelling allows the introduction of diverse chemical functionalities onto proteins without the need for genetically encoded tags. Here we report a method for the rapid labelling of a protein using a ruthenium-bipyridyl (Ru(II)(bpy)3)-modified peptide designed to mimic an interacting BH3 ligand within a BCL-2 family protein-protein interactions. Using sub-stoichiometric quantities of (Ru(II)(bpy)3)-modified NOXA-B and irradiation with visible light for 1 min, the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1 can be photolabelled with a variety of functional tags. In contrast with previous reports on Ru(II)(bpy)3-mediated photolabelling, tandem mass spectrometry experiments reveal that the labelling site is a cysteine residue of MCL-1. MCL-1 can be labelled selectively in mixtures with other proteins, including the structurally related BCL-2 member, BCL-xL. These results demonstrate that proximity-induced photolabelling is applicable to interfaces that mediate protein-protein interactions, and pave the way towards future use of ligand-directed proximity labelling for dynamic analysis of the interactome of BCL-2 family proteins.
Barium tetraalkylaluminate complexes supported by the super-bulky hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand
Authors: Shi Xianghui , Liu Zhizhou , Cheng Jianhua
Published: November 2019

Treatment of [(TpAd,iPr)Ba(o-CH2C6H4-NMe2)] with two equivalents of AIR3affords [(TpAd,iPr)Ba(AlR4)]n(R = Me,n= 2; R = Et,n= 1).
Fabrication of practical catalytic electrodes using insulating and eco-friendly substrates for overall water splitting
Authors: Hao Weiju , Wu Renbing , Huang Hao , Ou Xin , Wang Lincai , Sun Dalin , Ma Xiaohua , Guo Yanhui
Published: November 2019

A family of catalytic electrodes fabricated by insulating substrates of paper, cloth and sponge which bring dramatic advantages of high performance, low cost, light weight, eco-friendliness, flexibility, and simple fabrication, were developed.
Strain stabilized nickel hydroxide nanoribbons for efficient water splitting
Authors: Wang X. P. , Wu H. J. , Xi S. B. , Lee W. S. V. , Zhang J. , Wu Z. H. , Wang J. O. , Hu T. D. , Liu L. M. , Han Y. , Chee S. W. , Ning S. C. , Mirsaidov U. , Wang Z. B. , Zhang Y. W. , Borgna A. , Wang J. , Du Y. H. , Yu Z. G. , Pennycook S. J. , Xue J. M.
Published: November 2019

Development of efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts has a direct impact on the water splitting efficiency and cost effectiveness.
Thermal decomposition kinetics of glyphosate (GP) and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)
Authors: Narimani Milad , da Silva Gabriel
Published: November 2019

Glyphosate (GP) is a widely used herbicide worldwide, yet accumulation of GP and its main byproduct, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in soil and water has raised concerns about its potential effects on human health.
Smectite clay pillared with copper complexed polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane for adsorption of chloridazon and its metabolites
Authors: Yan Feng , Spyrou Konstantinos , Thomou Eleni , Kumar Sumit , Cao Huatang , Stuart Marc C. A. , Pei Yutao , Gournis Dimitrios , Rudolf Petra
Published: November 2019

Copper complexed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane pillared smectite clay (Cu2+@POSS_SWy-2) exhibits excellent adsorption properties for chloridazon and its metabolites.
Micro-nanobubble aeration promotes senescence of submerged macrophytes with low total antioxidant capacity in urban landscape water
Authors: Wang Shuo , Liu Yunsi , Li Pan , Wang Ying , Yang Jinshui , Zhang Wen
Published: November 2019

MNBs may promote senescence of macrophytes with low total antioxidant capacity in urban landscape water and thereby affect ecological restoration.
Tailoring the electrochemical properties of 2D-hBN via physical linear defects: physicochemical, computational and electrochemical characterisation
Authors: García-Miranda Ferrari Alejandro , Brownson Dale A. C. , Abo Dena Ahmed S. , Foster Christopher W. , Rowley-Neale Samuel J. , Banks Craig E.
Published: November 2019

Electrochemically inert CVD grown 2D-hBN is transformed to give rise to electrochemically useful signatures through the introduction of physical linear defects.
High-throughput sequential excitation for nanoscale mapping of electrochemical strain in granular ceria
Authors: Huang Boyuan , Esfahani Ehsan Nasr , Yu Junxi , Gerwe Brian S. , Adler Stuart B. , Li Jiangyu
Published: November 2019

A high-throughput AFM integrating efficient sequential excitation, targeted data acquisition and physics-informed data analytics.
Synthesis and glycosidase inhibition of N-substituted derivatives of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-mannitol (DIM)
Authors: Yang Lin-Feng , Shimadate Yuna , Kato Atsushi , Li Yi-Xian , Jia Yue-Mei , Fleet George W. J. , Yu Chu-Yi
Published: November 2019

Four series of N-substituted DIMs have been synthesized and assayed against glycosidases to provide continuous and reliable inhibitory spectra.
Synthesis of double-responsive magnetic latex particles via seeded emulsion polymerization using macroRAFT block copolymers as stabilizers
Authors: Guimarães Thiago Rodrigues , Lansalot Muriel , Bourgeat-Lami Elodie
Published: November 2019

We report the synthesis of magnetic latex particles decorated with double-responsive PDMAEMA segments with fast magnetic response via RAFT-assisted emulsion polymerization, highlighting this strategy as a powerful tool for magnetic carriers design.
Fluorescent materials-based information storage
Authors: Wang Hu , Ji Xiaofan , Page Zachariah A. , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: November 2019

Fluorescent materials-based information storage systems are characterised by attractive data security, stability, and stimuli responsive features. We summarise here, recent progress in the area of fluorescent materials-based information storage codes.
Sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen detection based on the cooperation of a gold–vertical graphene electrode and gold@silica–methylene blue
Authors: Zheng Siyu , Li Mingji , Li Hongji , Li Cuiping , Li Penghai , Qian Lirong , Yang Baohe
Published: November 2019

In this study, a sandwich-type electrochemical (EC) immunosensor was proposed to detect a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on Au–graphene and Au@SiO2–methylene blue (MB).
Implementation of IoT analytics ionospheric forecasting system based on machine learning and ThingSpeak
Authors: Dabbakuti Jyothi Ravi Kiran Kumar , Jacob Abin , Veeravalli Venkata Rao , Kallakunta Ravi Kumar
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, using the Internet of Things (IoT), several real‐time forecasting systems have been developed. The primary challenge of this system is to utilise an appropriate prediction model that can predict various space weather parameters as accurately as possible. In this study, an ionospheric IoT analytical system with variational mode decomposition (VMD) based on kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) is proposed. The ionospheric signal delay/total electron content (TEC) data from Continuous Reference Stations (CORS) Port Blair (2.03°N, 165.25°E, geomagnetic), Bengaluru (4.40°N, 150.77°E, geomagnetic), Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF) – Guntur (7.50°N, 153.76°E; geomagnetic) and Lucknow (17.98°N, 155.22°E; geomagnetic) are used for the analysis during the period of 2015. The ionospheric signal delays of four CORS are computed from ThingSpeak (IoT) with the channel ID and the Application Programming Interface key. ThingSpeak data is given to the ionospheric forecasting model (VMD‐KELM). The results predicted from the proposed model are able to achieve the faster training process and obtain a similar accuracy to that of the VMD‐artificial neural network. The proposed VMD‐KELM application is adopted when a cloud‐based forecasting system requires fast learning speed and good accuracy. As a result, the cloud paradigm offers the possibility without web development skills or highly specific statistics.
Kalman filtering method for sparse off‐grid angle estimation for bistatic multiple‐input multiple‐output radar
Authors: Baidoo Evans , Hu Jurong , Zhan Lei
Published: November 2019

In order to address the off‐grid angular estimation of direction of departure and direction of arrival of a target for bistatic multiple‐input multiple‐output radar, a novel method involving the combined effect of compressive sensing theory and an optimal estimation algorithm is proposed. The proposed method, named as simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit with Kalman filtering (SOMP‐KF) first exploit the sparsity of the target in the spatial domain by discretising the area of detection to formulate a dictionary matrix. Sparse sampling created during the discretisation of the off‐grid space leads to a remodelling of the problem where a linearisation technique that inculcates a grid‐varying position vector is applied to the Kalman filtering method. The modified Kalman filtering method resolves the off‐grid offset, which hence results in achieving the off‐grid angle estimation objective. Additionally, the Cramer‐Rao lower bounds are derived theoretically for all parameters to explain the estimation performance. Experimental analysis against existing methods indicates the proposed SOMP‐KF effectiveness in improving the angle estimation of target whiles, maintaining a minimal computational cost than its competitors.
Autonomous Gaussian decomposition of the Galactic Ring Survey
Authors: Riener M. , Kainulainen J. , Beuther H. , Henshaw J. D. , Orkisz J. H. , Wang Y.
Published: November 2019

The analysis of large molecular line surveys of the Galactic plane is essential for our understanding of the gas kinematics on Galactic scales and, in particular, its link with the formation and evolution of dense structures in the interstellar medium. An approximation of the emission peaks with Gaussian functions allows for an efficient and straightforward extraction of useful physical information contained in the shape and Doppler-shifted frequency of the emission lines contained in these enormous data sets. In this work, we present an overview and the first results of a Gaussian decomposition of the entire Galactic Ring Survey (GRS)13CO (1–0) data that consists of about 2.3 million spectra. We performed the decomposition with the fully automated GAUSSPY+ algorithm and fitted about 4.6 million Gaussian components to the GRS spectra. These decomposition results enable novel and unexplored ways to interpret and study the gas velocity structure. We discuss the statistics of the fit components and relations between the fitted intensities, velocity centroids, and velocity dispersions. We find that the magnitude of the velocity dispersion values increase towards the inner Galaxy and around the Galactic midplane, which we speculate is partly due to the influence of the Galactic bar and regions with higher non-thermal motions located in the midplane, respectively. We also used our decomposition results to infer global properties of the gas emission and find that the number of fit components used per spectrum is indicative of the amount of structure along the line of sight. We find that the emission lines from regions located on the far side of the Galaxy show increased velocity dispersion values, which are likely due to beam averaging effects. We demonstrate how this trend has the potential to aid in characterising Galactic structure by disentangling emission that belongs to the nearby Aquila Rift molecular cloud from emission that is more likely associated with the Perseus and Outer spiral arms. With this work, we also make our entire decomposition results available.
Traces of Pharyngeal Consonants in Isfahani Persian: A Case of Language Contact
Authors: Borjian Habib
Published: November 2019

The word-final /-a/ and the diphthong /ay/ of earlier New Persian shift respectively to /-e/ and /ey/ in modern Persian. Isfahani Persian follows suit, e.g.dande“rib” andmeydun“plaza.” However, the earlier phonemes survive only in a finite set of words: Arabic loanwords in which the /a/ succeeds pharyngeal consonants, e.g.ǰomʾa(<ǰumʿa) “Friday,”fâtaː(<fātiḥa) “funeral,”ayd(<ʿayd) “feast.” Isfahani Persian shows other vocalic anomalies adjacent to original pharyngeals, including syllable-final iʿ > aː inqânaː(<qāniʿ) “content,”maːmâr(<miʿmār) “architect.” This article investigates these phonological irregularities and their geographic distribution and historical periodization.
Mitigating gender gap in access to primary education in rural areas of Morocco
Authors: Lee Young Joo , Mouktaoui Fouad , Kim YoungHwan
Published: November 2019

Under the influence of the common goals of Education For All (EFA), Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the international development realm, many countries around the world have reached a great level of development through continuous improvement in education since 2000. Meanwhile, Morocco could be one of the developing countries that struggle to resolve many problems resulting from having a weak educational system, which has been considered as one of the main obstacles to the country’s economic growth. The purpose of this article is to analyse the gender gap in access to primary education in rural areas of Morocco, focusing on primary school girls. Based on the investigation on the major obstacles, we carried out descriptive statistics with selected variables such as the adjusted net enrolment rate, the cumulative drop-out rate to the last grade, the gross intake ration (graduation ratio) to the last grade, and Gender Parity Index (GPI). In addition, we conducted a few private interviews via Skype with local stakeholders to underpin our research and to reflect personal ideas on the Moroccan educational system from their own perspective. Lastly, we suggested applicable solutions against those barriers from the perspective of education ODA.
Finite Difference Analysis of Time-Dependent Viscous Nanofluid Flow Between Parallel Plates
Authors: Ahmad Salman , Hayat T. , Alsaedi A. , Khan Z. H. , Waleed Ahmed Khan M.
Published: November 2019

This article computes effect of uniform magnetic field on nanofluid flow filling porous medium inside parallel sheets. Darcy’s law is used to characterize porous medium. Flow is caused by stretching of the lower sheet. The governing systems are computed using Finite difference technique. This scheme is used due to its more general and powerful nature to solve nonlinear problems. Results are obtained and discussed graphically. Nusselt number, skin friction, streamlines, velocity and temperature are emphasized.
Fractional Angular Momentum of an Atom on a Noncommutative Plane*
Authors: Jing Jian , Zhang Qiu-Yue , Wang Qing , Long Zheng-Wen , Dong Shi-Hai
Published: November 2019

The mechanism of obtaining the fractional angular momentum by employing a trapped atom which possesses a permanent magnetic dipole moment in the background of two electric fields is reconsidered by using an alternative method. Then, we generalize this model to a noncommutative plane. We show that there are two different mechanisms, which include cooling down the atom to the negligibly small kinetic energy and modulating the density of electric charges to the critical value to get the fractional angular momentum theoretically.
Numerical Study on the Whole Process of Fireball Evolution in Strong Explosion*
Authors: Xia Yin , Xue Chuang , Li Chen-Guang , Meng Guang-Wei , Zhao Ying-Kui , Yan Jun , Li Bai-Wen
Published: November 2019

With the actual mean free path for radiation in air and a simplified nuclear device, a one-dimension simulation research on fireball phenomenon in a sea level atmosphere is carried out based on the multi-group radiation hydrodynamic codes (RDMG). It is shown that our theoretical calculations can describe the whole process of the fireball evolution for strong explosions from the early X-ray expansion stage to the shock wave propagation stage. The radius of the shock wave and the brightness of the fireball are in good agreement with the experimental results. The whole thermal radiation power curve of the fireball evolution for strong atmospheric explosion at sea level is plotted for the first time. The impact of radiation opacity of the nuclear device material on the early fireball phenomenon is also studied. It is found that trajectories of the radiation fronts and case shocks change with the opacity of equivalent device material. From our simulations, we find that only the early fireball depends on the details of the nuclear device, and after the formation of main shock, the evolution is determined by the properties of hot air for strong atmospheric explosion.
Nonlinear dependence of plasma potential and ion impinging energy on energy loss of edge localized modes
Authors: Dai S.Y. , Wang D.Z.
Published: November 2019

Particle-in-cell (PIC) modelling has been performed to investigate the impact of energy loss during edge localized modes (ELMs) on the plasma potential and ion impinging energy on the divertor target. A double-peak structure of the ion impinging energy has been identified under JET-relevant ELM conditions. The ELM burst leads to a strong increase in the potential drop in front of the target plate, which accelerates the cold ions from the downstream divertor and accordingly causes a peak value of ion impinging energy. Moreover, the great potential drop helps confine the fast electrons and leads to a reduction in the potential drop and ion impinging energy. The arrival of the upstream hot ions results in the second peak value of ion impinging energy. The maximum potential drop and ion impact energy show a linear dependence on the pedestal temperature. Further, a nonlinear dependence of the peak potential drop and ion impact energy on the ELM energy loss can be ascertained based on the PIC simulations.
On the universality of noiseless linear estimation with respect to the measurement matrix
Authors: Abbara Alia , Baker Antoine , Krzakala Florent , Zdeborová Lenka
Published: November 2019

In a noiseless linear estimation problem, the goal is to reconstruct a vector

from the knowledge of its linear projections

. There have been many theoretical works concentrating on the case where the matrix

is a random i.i.d. one, but a number of heuristic evidence suggests that many of these results are universal and extend well beyond this restricted case. Here we revisit this problem through the prism of development of message passing methods, and consider not only the universality of the

-transition, as previously addressed, but also the one of the optimal Bayesian reconstruction. We observed that the universality extends to the Bayes-optimal minimum mean-squared (MMSE) error, and to a range of structured matrices.