bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-Entry Comparison of a Spacecraft in Low Earth Orbit: Propulsion-Assisted vs. Non-Propulsive Configurations
Authors: Sannino Antonio , De Prisco Dylan , Cassese Sergio , Mungiguerra Stefano , Cecere Anselmo , Savino Raffaele
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a mission concept for a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite equipped with a payload for space experiments, designed to be recovered on Earth post-mission. The focus of this study is on developing a mission concept with fast de-orbit and accurate landing capability for a small satellite payload. Two re-entry configurations are analyzed: one employing a deployable aero-brake heat shield for aerodynamic descent and another integrating a propulsion system. Aerodynamic analysis of the capsule, including drag coefficient and stability at relevant altitudes, was conducted using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. A trade-off analysis, accounting for uncertainties such as CD, atmospheric density, and ignition timing, revealed significant differences in mission profiles. A propulsion system providing a ΔV of approximately 100 m/s reduces descent time from 54 days (aerodynamic-only re-entry) to under 1 h, without altering trajectory. Drag-related uncertainties contribute to a landing dispersion of ~100 km, while a ±1% error in total impulse increases dispersion to 400 km. A monopropellant rocket engine was preliminarily designed, meeting constraints such as catalytic chamber pressure and performance targets. The resulting thruster, weighing under 4 kg and contained within a 250 mm-high, 350 mm-diameter cylinder, supports three potential component layouts.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Wild Emmer Wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) and Durum Wheat (Triticum durum) Accessions Using CAAT and SCoT Markers
Authors: Çakır Esra
Published: January 2025

Wild emmer is one of the progenitors of wheat, with a high genetic potential for breeding. Continuous evaluations of emmer and other progenitor species are necessary for long-term improvement in yield, agronomic, and stress-related traits. For this purpose, genetic diversity and relationships among 43 wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) and 5 durum wheat (Triticum durum) accessions were determined using two DNA marker systems, CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. CAAT and SCoT markers generated 63 and 76 polymorphic bands, averaging 9 and 7.6 bands per primer, respectively. The discriminating power, effective multiplex ratio, expected heterozygosity, mean heterozygosity, marker index, polymorphism information content, and resolving power parameters obtained for both marker systems showed the high efficiency of these markers in detecting genetic variation in wild emmer and durum wheat. The results showed that CAAT and SCoT markers with average polymorphism are suitable marker systems for detecting genetic variation between a pool of accessions or populations. These markers would be employed for gene-targeted breeding, and the results indicate that genetic analysis with these markers would be practicable for agricultural improvement and development initiatives.
Microbiome-Mediated Mechanisms Regulating Adaptability to Iron Deficiency in the Intercropping System of Soybean and Maize
Authors: Liu Wuyu , Wang Guoqing , Wen Shiming , Zhao Yiwen , Ding Yuxin , Yao Baihui , Wang Zhelin , Shu Duntao , Wei Gehong , Chen Juan , Shangguan Zhouping
Published: January 2025

Iron (Fe) deficiency is a pervasive agricultural concern on a global scale. Intercropping plays a pivotal role in activating soil nutrient cycling and crop nutrient uptake and utilization. This study integrates plant physiology, soil physicochemical determination, high-throughput sequencing, and metabolomics techniques to conduct pot experiments using field-collected soils with soybean and maize plants. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms through which microorganisms in a soybean–maize intercropping system regulate Fe deficiency adaptation. The results revealed that intercropping enhances the resilience of soybean and maize in Fe-deficient environments, facilitates nutrient absorption by plants, and enriches soil nutrient content. Moreover, intercropping fostered more intricate microbial interactions in comparison to monocropping. The dominant microorganisms in the rhizosphere of intercropped soybean and maize included genera Microbacterium, Sphingomonas, Shinella, and Rhizobium. Microbacterium, Sphingomonas, Shinella, and Rhizobium have the potential to produce Fe chelators or enhance plant Fe absorption. Additionally, intercropping notably modified the composition of root exudates derived from soybean and maize. The soybean and maize rhizosphere exhibited significant enrichment with oleamide, coumestrol, glycitein, and daidzein. Coumestrol may have an effect of promoting Fe absorption, and it is significantly positively correlated with the genus Nakamurella in the maize rhizosphere and the genus Pirellula in the soybean rhizosphere. Consequently, these findings suggested that the rhizosphere of intercropped soybean and maize significantly enriches specific microbial communities and root exudates, thereby enhancing microecosystem stability and improving plant tolerance to Fe deficiency.
Just-in-Time News: An AI Chatbot for the Modern Information Age
Authors: Sufi Fahim
Published: January 2025

This study advances AI-powered news delivery by introducing an innovative chatbot capable of providing personalized news summaries and real-time event analysis. This approach addressed a critical gap identified through a comprehensive review of 52 AI chatbot studies. Unlike prior models limited to static information retrieval or predefined interactions, this chatbot harnesses generative AI and real-time data integration to deliver a dynamic and tailored news experience. Its unique architecture combines conversational AI, robotic process automation (RPA), a comprehensive news database (989,432 reports from 2342 sources spanning 27 October 2023 to 30 September 2024), and a large language model (LLM). Within this architecture, LLM generates dynamic queries against the News database for obtain tailored News for the users. Hence, this approach interprets user intent, and delivers LLM-based summaries of the fetched tailored news. Empirical testing with 35 users across 321 diverse news queries validated its robustness in navigating a combinatorial classification space of 53,916,650 potential news categorizations, achieving an F1-score of 0.97, recall of 0.99, and precision of 0.96. Deployed on Microsoft Teams and as a standalone web app, this research lays the foundation for transformative AI applications in news analysis, promising to revolutionize news consumption and empower a more informed citizenry.
Mineral Supplementation in Jade Perch (Scortum barcoo) Aquaponics with Lettuce: A Comparison with Hydroponics and RAS
Authors: Emerenciano Maurício Gustavo Coelho , Slinger Joel , Koster George , Aland Jarvis , Lima Paula Camargo , Arsic Maja , O’Sullivan Cathryn
Published: January 2025

The global demand for local and high-quality food sources has increased in recent decades, driven by consumer preferences and a growing population. RAS, hydroponics and a ‘hybrid’ version, aquaponics, are food production techniques that could support such growing demand. The current study evaluated coupled aquaponics (Jade perch and lettuce) with and without mineral supplementation in comparison to standard cultivation methods, i.e., RAS and hydroponics. The mineral supplementation in aquaponics was carried out using a hydroponics commercial blend fertilizer (10% of the dosage utilised in the hydroponics treatment). Fish/plant performance, nutrient dynamics and water quality were evaluated for 9 weeks using twelve experimental units (~720 L in total; fish tank/reservoir + filtration systems/sump + floating raft-based plant tank). After two crops of plants, the results showcased the positive impact of mineral supplementation in aquaponics; however, the hydroponics treatment outperformed the two aquaponics treatments, e.g., with higher total plant wet weight and total plant length (p < 0.05). Fish in aquaponics with and without mineral supplementation presented similar growth performance as compared to RAS (p > 0.05). By comparing these different farming approaches, this study sought to provide insights into optimising aquaponics systems and advancing the integration of Jade perch into aquaculture practices.
Training Does Not Uniformly Increase Canine Self-Control
Authors: Silver Zachary A. , Singer Rebecca A. , Welch Riley , Perry Isabella , Jones Caitlyn D. , Cates Ahna , Foster Camden , Sullivan Sydney , Hall Isla , Furlong Ellen E.
Published: January 2025

Dog trainers make widespread claims that training dogs to improve self-control is essential to solving behavior problems in domesticated dogs. We investigated whether one aspect of self-control, motor inhibition, covaries in dogs with varying levels and contexts of formal training. We tested pet dogs with little formal training and dogs with high levels of training who compete in scent work, barn hunt, and agility. All dogs were tested for motor inhibition on the cylinder task, a validated self-control task. First, in familiarization trials, dogs watched a piece of food placed inside an opaque cylinder and were subsequently allowed to retrieve it. Then, in test trials, dogs watched a piece of food placed inside a transparent cylinder. This transparent variation of the task requires dogs to inhibit the response to directly approach the now-visible food and instead detour to an open side. In contrast to the belief that highly trained dogs would uniformly demonstrate better self-control, trained dogs did not perform better than untrained dogs. In fact, dogs who competed in barn hunt performed significantly worse compared to untrained pet dogs. These findings suggest that self-control may involve a complex set of mental processes that do not uniformly generalize to multiple contexts.
The Impact of Rapid Molecular Diagnostics for Influenza on Antibiotic Stewardship in the Emergency Department—An Observational Retrospective Study
Authors: Roth Elisa , Cattaneo Marco , Hollenstein Yvonne , Weisser Maja , Bassetti Stefano , Tschudin Sutter Sarah , Bingisser Roland , Nickel Christian H. , Egli Adrian
Published: January 2025

Objective: The clinical diagnosis of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) may result in unnecessary antibiotic treatment due to clinical exams’ low sensitivity and specificity to differentiate viral from bacterial infections and costly diagnostic work-ups. Unnecessary antibiotic consumption drives antibiotic resistance. We explored whether a rapid influenza-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay reduced antibiotic use in an emergency room before the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study of patients with RTI symptoms treated in the ER of the University Hospital Basel from September 2014 to June 2015. We evaluated the impact of rapid diagnostic results, such as an influenza-specific PCR, blood sample results, and radiological imaging, on antibiotic prescription rates. Patient-related confounding factors were included since a patient’s clinical condition affects doctors’ clinical decision-making. Results: We included 607 patients with RTIs, tested with PCR for influenza A or B. Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio (OR) of being treated with antibiotics was significantly reduced by more than two-thirds in patients with a positive influenza PCR result (OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22–0.59; p < 0.001). Increasing C-reactive protein (CRP) levels by tenfold (OR = 5.14; 95% CI, 3.34–8.12; p < 0.001) or suspected chest infection on a radiograph (OR = 5.81; 95% CI, 3.23–10.89; p < 0.001) increased the OR of antibiotic treatment by fivefold. The highest OR for antibiotic prescription was due to increased procalcitonin level by tenfold (OR = 10.13; 95% CI, 4.79–23.4; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study provides real-world evidence from a pre-COVID-19 ER setting of diagnostic tools used for RTI evaluation and their impact on antibiotic prescriptions. Rapid influenza-specific PCR results may affect the prescription rate of antibiotics but should be seen as part of a comprehensive diagnostic approach to guide clinical decision-making.
Bridging the Gap: A Systematic Review with Expert Opinion on the Use of Dalbavancin for In-Label and Off-Label Indications in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Caselli Désirée , Aricò Maurizio , Castagnola Elio , Gatti Milo
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The aim of this work was to perform a systematic review assessing the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties of dalbavancin and the clinical use for in-label and off-label indications in pediatric patients. Methods: Two authors independently searched the PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus databases and clinicaltrials.gov up to 20 November 2024, to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, PK studies, and case series/reports assessing dalbavancin PK/PD properties or the clinical use for both in-label and off-label indications in pediatric patients. Data were independently extracted by the two authors, and the quality of the included studies was independently assessed by means of specific tools according to study design. Clinical success was selected as the primary outcome. Descriptive statistics were used for summarizing the retrieved data. Subgroup analysis according to PK/PD data, as well as in-label and off-label indications, was performed. Results: After screening 206 articles, nine studies were included in the systematic review (one RCT, three PK studies, and five case series/reports; n = 267). Dalbavancin exposure was 30% lower in pediatric patients compared to adults. In acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), the overall clinical success of dalbavancin was 96.1-97.3% and 92.9% in RCT and case series, respectively. Bone and joint infections (60.7%) and central-line-associated bloodstream infections (14.3%) represented the most common dalbavancin off-label indications in pediatric patients. Overall, the clinical success for off-label indications was 92.9%. The rate of adverse events ranged from 7.1% to 10.7%. Conclusions: Our systematic review summarized evidence concerning the PK/PD properties of dalbavancin and its use for in-label or off-label indications in pediatric patients. The available findings suggest that dalbavancin may be a valuable alternative for the management of ABSSSIs and/or off-label indications in pediatric patients according to efficacy and safety data, allowing for a potential minimized duration of hospital stay.
Enhanced Extraction and Separation with HPLC-DAD of Phenolic and Flavonoid Antioxidants from Portulaca oleracea L. Leaves Using Tailored Terpenoid-Based NADES: Comparative Assessment of Antiradical and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Sebbah Tarik , Yahla Imene , Cunha Edite , Riazi Ali , Amorim Célia G. , Rodriguez-Diaz Joan Manuel , Montenegro Maria C. B. S. M.
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) for extracting antioxidant compounds from Portulaca oleracea dried leaves, compared to traditional ethanol extraction. NADES were synthesized using terpenoids (menthol and β-citronellol) and organic acids (lactic and capric acid), characterized by favorable viscosity, density, and pH, ensuring liquid stability at ambient temperature. NADES extraction outperformed ethanol, with NADES 1 yielding the highest bioactive contents: 83.66 Eq GA/mg, 786.55 Eq Q/mg, and 0.78 Eq C/mg versus ethanol’s 58.49 Eq GA/mg, 363.23 Eq Q/mg, and 0.44 Eq C/mg. HPLC-DAD analysis identified higher levels of phenolic acids (caffeic and syringic acid) and flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) in NADES extracts, compounds absent in ethanol. Antioxidant potential, assessed via IC50 values, confirmed superior activity for NADES extracts (NADES 1-Ext: IC50 28.10 ± 1.73 µg/µL) compared to ethanol (IC50 1615.97 ± 5.34 µg/µL), and the Trolox method has confirmed extensively this superiority. Additionally, NADES demonstrated improved antimicrobial effects, varying with microorganisms. Despite their high viscosity potentially limiting extraction efficiency, adjusting temperature offers a promising approach to enhance mass transfer. These findings emphasize NADES as a sustainable alternative for bioactive compound extraction, paving the way for optimizing extraction techniques through viscosity reduction strategies.
Prophylactically Feeding Manganese to Drosophila Confers Sex-Specific Protection from Acute Ionizing Radiation Independent of MnSOD2 Levels
Authors: Volpe Robert P. , Sen Aditya , Sharma Ajay , Kathiresan Venkatesan , Hoffman Brian M. , Cox Rachel T.
Published: January 2025

Ionizing radiation is a health threat to many, including warfighters, radiological emergency responders, radiotherapy patients, and astronauts. Despite this, no FDA-approved prophylactic medical countermeasures exist to attenuate the symptoms that occur from radiation exposure. Manganese has recently been shown to be critical for radioresistance in a wide range of organisms. In this study, we designed a stringent feeding method to test the prophylactic effects of dietary manganese on Drosophila’s lifespan before exposure to acute irradiation. We found that male flies have substantially lower radioresistance than females, but feeding with low doses of MnCl2 before acute irradiation exposure extends male survival to that of females. Whole animal electron paramagnetic resonance analyses showed males have lower amounts of high-symmetry manganese-metabolite antioxidant complexes (H-Mn) than females, but manganese supplementation increases H-Mn to female levels. Levels of mitochondrial free-radical scavenger manganese-superoxide-dismutase 2 (MnSOD2) did not increase after acute irradiation, nor did loss of MnSOD2 sensitize larvae to acute irradiation exposure. These data support that prophylactic manganese feeding is sufficient to increase survivorship in males subjected to acute irradiation, independent of MnSOD2 levels, indicating a role of antioxidant manganese-metabolite H-Mn complexes for radioprotection. Furthermore, this Drosophila feeding method could be used to identify additional radiation countermeasures.
Plant-Derived Molecules Modulate Multidrug Resistance in Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Perazzoli Gloria , Mesas Cristina , Quiñonero Francisco , Doello Kevin , Peña Mercedes , Cepero Ana , Rodríguez-Criado Jorge , Prados Jose , Melguizo Consolación
Published: January 2025

Multidrug resistance (MDR) development against cytotoxic drugs by tumor cells is one of the main causes of treatment failure in gastrointestinal cancers, a group of cancers of great relevance due to their prevalence and/or mortality. This phenomenon is mediated by diverse mechanisms, including the overexpression of members of the superfamily of membrane transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC). Most of these molecules, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp or MDR1/ABCB), MDR-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), MRP2, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), are integrated in the cell membrane, acting as drug efflux pumps. Despite the use of various MDR modulators as adjuvants to improve the chemotherapy response, the results have not been satisfactory. Natural products from plants, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and coumarins, are capable of modifying drug resistance, suggesting an improvement in the antitumoral effect of the current treatments without generating side effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the most recent studies in relation to plant-derived molecules and extracts that modulate resistance to antitumor drugs and that could be applied in the future in clinical practice to improve the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
Stability Control of Underground Openings Under High-Stress and Deep Mining Environments
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Zhang Zizheng , Chang Qingliang
Published: January 2025

Mining engineering plays a significant role in current society [...]
Segmented Hybrid Impedance Control for Hyper-Redundant Space Manipulators
Authors: Chihi Mohamed , Ben Hassine Chourouk , Hu Quan
Published: January 2025

Hyper-redundant space manipulators (HRSMs), with their extensive degrees of freedom, offer a promising solution for complex space operations such as on-orbit assembly and manipulation of non-cooperative objects. A critical challenge lies in achieving stable and effective grasping configurations, particularly when dealing with irregularly shaped objects in microgravity. This study addresses these challenges by developing a segmented hybrid impedance control architecture tailored to multi-point contact scenarios. The proposed framework reduces the contact forces and enhances object manipulation, enabling the secure handling of irregular objects and improving operational reliability. Numerical simulations demonstrate significant reductions in the contact forces during initial engagements, ensuring stable grasping and effective force regulation. The approach also enables precise trajectory tracking, robust collision avoidance, and resilience to external disturbances. The complete non-linear dynamics of the HRSM system are derived using the Kane method, incorporating both the free-space and constrained motion phases. These results highlight the practical capabilities of HRSM systems, including their potential to grasp and manipulate obstacles effectively, paving the way for applications in autonomous on-orbit servicing and assembly tasks. By integrating advanced control strategies and robust stability guarantees, this work provides a foundation for the deployment of HRSMs in real-world space operations, offering greater versatility and efficiency in complex environments.
Kinematics and Performance Analysis of the 2T1R/1T2R Reconfigurable Decoupled Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Liu Juan , Li Ruiqin , Wang Yuan , Zhang Lei , Ning Fengping
Published: January 2025

Based on the reconfigurable revolute (rR) pair, a reconfigurable decoupled parallel mechanism is proposed, which is composed of three serial chains. Traditional serial chain 1 and 2 are of types PRRR and URC, respectively, where P denotes a prismatic pair, R denotes a revolute pair, U denotes a universal pair, and C denotes a cylindric pair. The reconfigurable serial chain 3 can switch between PRRP and RRPP configurations by changing the axis of reconfigurable pair rR, thus enabling the parallel mechanism to switch between two motion modes of 2T1R (where R represents rotation and T represents translation) and 1T2R. By investigating the relationship between the mechanism’s motion output, input, and the Jacobian matrix, it is verified that the parallel mechanism is a completely decoupled mechanism in the 2T1R motion mode and a partially decoupled mechanism in the 1R2T motion mode. Finally, the performance indexes of the mechanism in both motion modes were discussed using screw theory, and the dimensions of the mechanism were optimized in scale, thereby enhancing the motion performance of the parallel mechanism. The results indicate that the decoupling characteristics of the reconfigurable parallel mechanism have significant advantages in both 2T1R and 1T2R motion modes, providing a theoretical basis for the study of reconfigurable and decoupled parallel mechanisms.
Guided Tissue Regeneration Membranes: Review of Innovations and Applications in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Hung Man , Sanders Katherine , Deshpande Aditya , Trivedi Roshni , Schwartz Connor , Mohajeri Amir
Published: January 2025

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes are pivotal in regenerative medicine. While their effectiveness is established in general populations, their application in immunocompromised patients, such as those with diabetes or cancer, remains underexplored. This review evaluated evidence on GTR membranes in immunocompromised settings, focusing on their mechanisms, outcomes, and challenges posed by systemic conditions. A systematic search identified studies on GTR use in these populations. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles in English on human samples or relevant preclinical models. Of 218 articles, 5 met the criteria. These highlighted advancements in GTR technologies, such as stem cell integration, growth factor-enriched scaffolds, and scaffold-free tissue engineering. Stem cell-based approaches improved regeneration, especially with biomimetic designs incorporating bone morphogenetic protein-2. Innovations like microcavity-rich scaffolds enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis, while scaffold-free constructs minimized immunogenicity and supported functional tissue regeneration. Preclinical models demonstrated GTR membranes’ potential for addressing large-scale tissue deficits in compromised environments. GTR membranes show promise for immunocompromised patients, but further research is needed to validate their clinical efficacy, address patient-specific challenges, and evaluate long-term outcomes. These technologies could transform regenerative medicine, providing sustainable solutions for high-risk populations.
Modeling the Leaching of Cobalt and Manganese from Submarine Ferromanganese Crusts by Adding Steel Scrap Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Pérez Kevin , Toro Norman , Mura Mauricio , Saldana Manuel , Madrid Felipe M. Galleguillos , Salazar Iván , González Francisco Javier , Marino Egidio , Castillo Jonathan , Castillo Ignacio , Hernández Pía C.
Published: January 2025

Due to the scarcity of high-grade minerals on the Earth’s surface and the ever-increasing demand for critical metals required in the production of clean energy, the search for alternative sources has become essential. Ferromanganese crusts, a mineral resource located in the depths of the ocean, contain high concentrations of valuable metals, particularly cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn). A leaching process using sulfuric acid, with the addition of steel scrap, has been proposed for processing this resource. The study investigated the extraction of manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co) under acidic conditions at 25 °C, employing a factorial experimental analysis. Statistical models were adjusted using response surface methodology to evaluate the effects of time and the ferromanganese crust/Fe(res) (iron residue) ratio as predictive variables. The results demonstrated that the extraction of Mn and Co could be effectively modeled through multiple regression, with strong goodness-of-fit indicators. Optimal extraction was achieved at extended durations (30 min) and lower ferromanganese crust/Fe(res) ratios (1/3) for the sampled values. Gradient analysis revealed that extraction efficiency was directly proportional to time and inversely proportional to the ferromanganese crust/Fe(res) ratio, except in the case of Co extraction at higher durations and lower ratio levels. Additionally, no precipitation of Mn or Co species was observed in the analyzed residues.
Evaluation of the Sedative Effect of Limonene to Reduce Stress During Transportation of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Simó-Mirabet Paula , Caderno Anyell , Flores-Llano María José , da Silva Elisia Gomes , Schoenau William , Baldisserotto Bernardo , Martínez-Rodríguez Gonzalo , Mancera Juan Miguel , Martos-Sitcha Juan Antonio
Published: January 2025

Aquaculture practices often expose fish to several stressors, which may activate the stress system, decreasing welfare status and negatively affecting several physiological processes, such as growth, reproduction, or immune response [...]
Comparative Metabolite Profiling Between Cordyceps sinensis and Other Cordyceps by Untargeted UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Ma Jing , Chen Zhenjiang , Malik Kamran , Li Chunjie
Published: January 2025

Cordyceps sinensis is a second-class, nationally protected, medicinal fungi and serves as a functional nutrient in China. C. sinensis is extremely scarce due to its peculiar growing environment and the extensive gathering practices carried out by humans. A large number of counterfeit products for this fungi have also emerged in the market. At present, there is a lack of research on the differential metabolites of C. sinensis and its counterfeit products. The current study used an LC-MS non-targeted metabolomics method to compare the differences in metabolites between C. sinensis and other Cordyceps. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the metabolites between C. sinensis and the others. The 18 superclasses were found to have differences, involving lipids, organic acids, nucleosides, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, and their derivatives. Compared with the other four groups of Cordyceps, 8 metabolites with significant differences were screened. In addition, the types and abundance of different metabolites of nucleosides of C. sinensis were superior compared to other Cordyceps (e.g., 5-Methyldioxycytidine, didanosine, cytidine, etc.). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the metabolism of arginine and proline, and glycerophosphate metabolism were the two significant differences in the metabolic pathways between C. sinensis and other Cordyceps. The research results provide a reference for identifying the authenticity of C. sinensis using non-targeted metabolic methods.
Chikungunya Particle and RNA Induce Mechanical and Heat Hypersensitivities in a TRPV1-Dependent Manner
Authors: da Silva Liziane C. M. , dos Santos Maia Andressa C. , de Sousa Nágila C. F. , Pavi Catielen P. , Savi Beatriz P. , Nagashima Seigo , Damasceno Samara , Schneider Ayda H. , Mascarin Lucas Z. , Rodrigues João F. S. , Monteiro Cinara R. A. V. , Silva Izabella T. , Fongaro Gislaine , Monteiro-Neto Valério , Bomfim Maria R. Q. , Cunha Thiago M. , de Sousa Valente João , Calixto João B. , de Noronha Lúcia , Brain Susan D. , Fernandes Elizabeth S.
Published: January 2025

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the causative agent of the chikungunya fever, is an alphavirus widely transmitted by the bite of the female mosquito of the genus Aedes sp., especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Brazil is the country most affected by the microorganism. CHIKV classically induces articular pain, which can become long lasting for even years in a great number of the infected individuals, reducing their quality of life. The mechanisms of CHIKV-induced pain are poorly understood, but recent evidence indicated a role for the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in this pathology. Herein, we assessed the ability of intra-articularly injected inactivated CHIKV or its RNA to trigger nociception in mice. Both stimuli induced bilateral secondary hyperalgesia to mechanical and heat stimuli. These responses were attenuated by TRPV1 ablation or antagonism. Joint structural alterations and increased cartilage TRPV1 protein expression were detected in the ipsilateral knee joints injected with either CHIKV or viral RNA. However, the lack of this receptor did not influence the histological changes triggered by CHIKV or RNA. The results further support the role of TRPV1 in CHIKV-induced pain and highlight its importance in the chronic phase of the disease.
Investigation of Acoustic Signals for Gait Analysis
Authors: Buxton Jeffrey , Shields Kelly J. , Greyshock Jesse T. , Ramsey Jared , Adams Christopher , Richards Geo. A.
Published: January 2025

Background: Previous literature has demonstrated that footstep sounds can be related to the unique gait pattern of individuals. This paper investigates the potential of using footstep sounds as a diagnostic tool in gait analysis. Methods: Fifteen participants ran on a treadmill at 2.7 m/s (6.0 MPH) while simultaneously recording plantar pressure and acoustic signals. Participants repeated the same recordings after completing an exhaustive fatigue protocol, thereby creating a modified gait pattern. Results: The modified gait was evident in the center-of-force trajectory, contact pressures, and acoustic signatures. Analysis of the peak contact pressure and acoustic amplitude showed a modest, statistically significant correlation (r = 0.42, p = 0.02). A method to measure the gait stance time from features in the acoustic signature was tested. Conclusions: The results show that acoustic signals can be used to characterize gait changes, but additional work is needed to link acoustic signal features to gait events like toe lift.
Beyond Traditional Lateral Flow Assays: Enhancing Performance Through Multianalytical Strategies
Authors: Lamprou Eleni , Kalligosfyri Panagiota M. , Kalogianni Despina P.
Published: January 2025

Multiplex lateral flow assays are one of the greatest advancements in the world of rapid diagnostics, achieving the performance of several tests in one. These tests meet the basic requirements of increasing ease of use, low detection limit, and high specificity, as they combine the use of novel strategies, such as the exploitation of multiple detection labels, and a variety of amplification methods. These tests have proven their usefulness in many different areas, including clinical diagnostics, food, and environmental monitoring. In this review paper, we attempt to highlight and discuss the predominant changes in multianalyte LFAs, as related to their principle, their development, and their combination with other methods. Attention is paid to their flexibility and the challenges associated with the use of LFA arrays, including strategies to improve the detectability, sensitivity, and reliability of the assays. Therefore, this review emphasizes the current advances in the field to underline the possible impact of multiplex LFAs on the future of diagnostics and analytical sciences.
Shared Control of Supernumerary Robotic Limbs Using Mixed Realityand Mouth-and-Tongue Interfaces
Authors: Jing Hongwei , Zhao Sikai , Zheng Tianjiao , Li Lele , Zhang Qinghua , Sun Kerui , Zhao Jie , Zhu Yanhe
Published: January 2025

Supernumerary Robotic Limbs (SRLs) are designed to collaborate with the wearer, enhancing operational capabilities. When human limbs are occupied with primary tasks, controlling SRLs flexibly and naturally becomes a challenge. Existing methods such as electromyography (EMG) control and redundant limb control partially address SRL control issues. However, they still face limitations like restricted degrees of freedom and complex data requirements, which hinder their applicability in real-world scenarios. Additionally, fully autonomous control methods, while efficient, often lack the flexibility needed for complex tasks, as they do not allow for real-time user adjustments. In contrast, shared control combines machine autonomy with human input, enabling finer control and more intuitive task completion. Building on our previous work with the mouth-and-tongue interface, this paper integrates a mixed reality (MR) device to form an interactive system that enables shared control of the SRL. The system allows users to dynamically switch between voluntary and autonomous control, providing both flexibility and efficiency. A random forest model classifies 14 distinct tongue and mouth operations, mapping them to six-degree-of-freedom SRL control. In comparative experiments involving ten healthy subjects performing assembly tasks under three control modes (shared control, autonomous control, and voluntary control), shared control demonstrates a balance between machine autonomy and human input. While autonomous control offers higher task efficiency, shared control achieves greater task success rates and improves user experience by combining the advantages of both autonomous operation and voluntary control. This study validates the feasibility of shared control and highlights its advantages in providing flexible switching between autonomy and user intervention, offering new insights into SRL control.
Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) for Motivation Towards Incidental Physical Activity
Authors: Reyes-Molina Daniel , Zapata-Lamana Rafael , Bustos Claudio , Mella-Norambuena Javier , Zañartu Isidora , Chávez-Castillo Yasna , Gajardo-Aguayo Jorge , Castillo-Carreño Anabel , Cabezas María-Francisca , Castillo Riquelme Víctor , Reyes-Amigo Tomás , Cigarroa Igor , Nazar Gabriela
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to adapt and analyze the psychometric properties of the Exercise Behavior Regulation Questionnaire (BREQ-3) for assessing motivation towards incidental physical activity. An instrumental study in a sample of 346 university students (21.1 ± 2.6 years, and 61.3% women) from various universities in Chile was undertaken. An adaptation of the BREQ-3 was applied, and a confirmatory factor analysis was performed using a robust weighted least squares estimator to assess the construct validity of the scale. Also, the convergent validity was evaluated using the average variance extracted, the discriminant validity using composite reliability, and the internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha (α) and McDonald’s omega (ω) coefficients. The six-factor structure of intrinsic motivation (α = 0.96, ω = 0.96), integrated regulation (α = 0.95, ω = 0.95), identified regulation (α = 0.89, ω = 0.90), introjected regulation (α = 0.75, ω = 0.77), external regulation (α = 0.80, ω = 0.83), and amotivation (α = 0.75, ω = 0.79), with acceptable fit indices after eliminating items 8 and 11, was confirmed—χ2/df: 2.196, CFI: 0.99, TLI: 0.99, RMSEA: 0.059 (90% CI; 0.051–0.067). Adaptation of the BREQ-3 appears to be a reliable measure for assessing motivation in the context of incidental physical activity. Its use will contribute to understanding the explanatory mechanisms underlying this behavior.
Promoting Parental Loyalty Through Social Responsibility: The Role of Brand Trust and Perceived Value in Chinese Kindergartens
Authors: Hao Xinxin , Ma Chenwei , Wu Min , Yang Lv , Liu Yunxia
Published: January 2025

The role of social responsibility in kindergartens is critical for fostering parental loyalty, especially amid declining enrollment rates in China. However, the relationship between kindergarten social responsibility, brand trust, perceived value, and parental loyalty is not well understood. This study investigates the influence of kindergarten social responsibility on parental loyalty, focusing on the mediating roles of brand trust and perceived value. A nationwide survey was conducted, collecting 745 valid responses from parents across 27 provinces in China. Data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro, with mediation effects tested via the bias-corrected nonparametric percentile bootstrap method. The findings reveal that kindergarten social responsibility significantly enhances parental loyalty both directly and indirectly through brand trust and perceived value. Brand trust was identified as the strongest mediator, particularly in non-inclusive kindergartens, where its effect on loyalty was more pronounced. The study also found that parents with higher education levels and higher income tend to have lower perceptions of social responsibility and perceived value, affecting their loyalty. These results suggest that kindergartens must tailor their social responsibility strategies to different parent demographics and kindergarten types to maximize parental loyalty. The study emphasizes the importance of social responsibility in strengthening parental loyalty, with specific implications for inclusive and non-inclusive kindergartens. By understanding the mediating roles of brand trust and perceived value, kindergartens can develop targeted strategies to improve competitiveness and parental engagement.
Experimental Research on the Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Column–Beam Joints Connected by Π-Shaped Steel Plates
Authors: Wu Jian , Jiang Ying , Zhou Jian , Hu Liangjie , Wang Jianhui , Ding Weigao
Published: January 2025

The mechanical performance of existing buildings degrades over time, and even if the mechanical performance meets the requirements, some buildings will have new usage needs, necessitating the reinforcement and renovation of buildings. Therefore, this paper conducted experimental research on the reinforcement and renovation of reinforced concrete joints that could simultaneously meet the requirements for seismic performance and new usage needs. Firstly, the reinforced concrete columns are produced, and the treatment of the wrapped steel plate is conducted. Then, the Π-shaped steel plate is welded onto the wrapped steel of the column, and the longitudinal bars of the beam and the Π-shaped steel plate are connected through the weld seam. Finally, we proceed with pouring the concrete for the beam and wrapping the beam with the steel plate. After the completion of specimen production, a cyclic loading test is conducted to compare and analyze the hysteresis curve, ductility, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation of the new specimen type and cast-in-place specimen. The steel plate thickness, including the wrapped steel of the beam and the Π-shaped steel plate, is designed as a variable for the experiment. The results indicate that the seismic properties of the specimen are effectively improved after reinforcement with a steel plate. At the same time, the seismic performance of the specimen improves with an increase in the thickness of the steel plate wrapping the beam, while the impact of the Π-shaped steel plate is relatively minimal. The research results show that compared with the cast-in-place specimen, the reinforcement and renovation method proposed in this paper can significantly improve the seismic performance of the specimen and can help promote the development of urban reinforcement and renovation work.
Stereotactic Lung Re-Irradiation After a First Course of Stereotactic Radiotherapy with In-Field Relapse: A Valuable Option to Be Considered
Authors: Sahin Assim , Romano Edouard , Casutt Alessio , Moeckli Raphaël , Vallet Véronique , El Chammah Shaïma , Ozsahin Mahmut , Kinj Rémy
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has demonstrated high local control rates for inoperable early-stage lung cancers. However, 5–15% of patients experience local relapse within the irradiated volume after treatment, with limited curative salvage options. The aim of this review is to clarify the modalities and outcomes after a second course of SBRT in patients with local relapse after a previous lung SBRT. Methods: An exhaustive literature review was conducted to identify, analyse and summarise the results of 21 main studies. Results: Local repeat lung SBRT after a first course of SBRT showed a favourable local control at 1 and 2 years, ranging from 70 to 90% and 45 to 80%, respectively. Good overall survival rates were also observed at 1 and 2 years reaching up to 95% and 85%, respectively. Toxicity was rare but could be severe, with cases of Grade 4 and 5 toxicities (≈5%). An important dose relationship was observed between re-irradiation dose levels and local control, highlighting the importance of precise dosing. The cumulative doses impacting organs at risk were similarly associated with increased radiation-induced toxicity. Central lung lesions presented a higher risk for severe side effects compared to peripheral ones. Conclusions: In conclusion, repeat lung SBRT after a first course of SBRT represents a feasible treatment option in cases of local recurrence. In order to limit severe toxicity, patients must be carefully selected, and particular attention should be given to cumulative doses to organs at risk, as well as tumour location. Thus, further investigations are still needed to refine the optimal parameters for SBRT lung re-irradiation.
Current Progress in Clinical Research in Secondary Prevention and Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Partyka Olga , Pajewska Monika , Czerw Aleksandra , Deptała Andrzej , Mękal Dominika , Sygit Katarzyna , Kowalczyk Dariusz , Cipora Elżbieta , Kaczmarski Mateusz , Gazdowicz Lucyna , Dykowska Grażyna , Sienkiewicz Zofia , Banaś Tomasz , Małecki Krzysztof , Grochans Elżbieta , Grochans Szymon , Cybulska Anna Maria , Schneider-Matyka Daria , Bandurska Ewa , Bandurski Tomasz , Drobnik Jarosław , Pobrotyn Piotr , Marczak Michal , Kozlowski Remigiusz
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The risk of disease increases with age, as most CRC patients are over 50 years old. Due to the progressive aging of societies in high-income countries, the problem of CRC will increase. This makes the development of new early detection methods and the implementation of effective screening programs crucial. Key areas of focus include raising population awareness about the importance of screening, educating high-risk populations, and improving and developing early diagnostic methods. The primary goal of this review is to provide a concise overview of recent trends and progress in CRC secondary prevention based on available information from clinical trials.
Unraveling the Role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Colorectal Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Pathogenic Insights
Authors: Galasso Linda , Termite Fabrizio , Mignini Irene , Esposto Giorgio , Borriello Raffaele , Vitale Federica , Nicoletti Alberto , Paratore Mattia , Ainora Maria Elena , Gasbarrini Antonio , Zocco Maria Assunta
Published: January 2025

Fusobacterium nucleatum, a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, has emerged as a significant player in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. The bacterium causes a persistent inflammatory reaction in the colorectal mucosa by stimulating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, creating an environment conducive to cancer progression. F. nucleatum binds to and penetrates epithelial cells through adhesins such as FadA, impairing cell junctions and encouraging epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is associated with cancer advancement. Additionally, the bacterium modulates the host immune system, suppressing immune cell activity and creating conditions favorable for tumor growth. Its interactions with the gut microbiome contribute to dysbiosis, further influencing carcinogenic pathways. Evidence indicates that F. nucleatum can inflict DNA damage either directly via reactive oxygen species or indirectly by creating a pro-inflammatory environment. Additionally, it triggers oncogenic pathways, especially the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which promotes tumor cell growth and longevity. Moreover, F. nucleatum alters the tumor microenvironment, impacting cancer cell behavior, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which F. nucleatum contributes to CRC. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for the development of targeted therapies and diagnostic strategies for CRC associated with F. nucleatum.
Secondary Resections and Survival After Breast-Conserving Surgery in Breast Cancer Patients: A Cancer Registry-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Kluttig Alexander , Burger Elke , Thies Saskia , Lacruz Maria Elena , Schmidt-Pokrzywniak Andrea , Mészáros József , Eggemann Holm , Ignatov Atanas
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in women, and breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with adjuvant radiotherapy is a standard treatment for early-stage disease. This study assessed the impact of positive surgical margins and secondary surgeries on local recurrence rates and patient outcomes. In this retrospective tumor registry-based study, 24,450 women were eligible for analysis. Of them, 18,082 underwent primary BCS only, 4836 underwent re-excision by BCS, and 1532 underwent re-excision by mastectomy following primary BCS. Our findings indicate that even though re-excision procedures were associated with higher local recurrence rates (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.08–1.33), they did not significantly affect long-term survival (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.87–1.10). This underscores the need for meticulous surgical practices to achieve clean margins initially, and suggests that the choice of surgical intervention should consider individual tumor characteristics and patient preferences to optimize oncological and aesthetic outcomes.