bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPING AN OPEN INNOVATION MODEL:FOCUS ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LENDING
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University, Saratov, Russia, SYSOEVA O.V. , VASINA A.V. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University, Saratov, Russia, KISELEVA O.N. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University, Saratov, Russia
Published: September 2023

The implementation of import substitution and ensuring technological sovereignty is not an easy task for the Russian economy, which correlates with intensification of innovation activity in all spheres of national economy. One of the major factors to ensure necessary dynamics in transforming the domestic economy is the availability of free exchange of innovative technologies among subjects of various sectors in the economy provided by the conception of open innovations. Current models of innovation systems, with prevailing state financing of R&D, are not effective enough, which creates prerequisites for involving credit organizations into this area in order to intensify R&D, especially in the areas essential for practical activities. The authors propose developing and adapting the open innovation model in relation to the participation of credit institutions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the role of credit institutions as an ecosystem actor in the open innovation model. The research methodologyis based on the analysis of theoretical and practical works on open innovation theory in order to apply lending secured by the results of intellectual activity. The major results of the studyare based on (i) considering the open innovation model to properly include credit institutionsas an ecosystem actor, (ii) proposing possible solutions regarding the cooperation of actors in innovation processes, and (iii) selecting innovative projects for possible secured lending which will accelerate the processes of innovative development. The obtained results can be used for further development of this area and in practice of the subjects of innovation activity
EXPORT, DOMESTIC SALES AND IMPORT: INTERCONNECTIONS ON EXPORTER’S MARKET
Authors:   All-Russian Institute of Agrarian Problems and Informatics named after A. A. Nikonov, Moscow, Russia, BORODIN K.G.
Published: September 2023

The paper develops a model of partial equilibrium of an export-oriented market, which includes three markets for a differentiated product: the domestic markets of a selected exporting country and a global exporter (a set of other exporting countries that supply to the external sales market of the exporting country), as well as the external, the combined market of importing countries, which considers the competition between the exporting country and the global exporter. At the same time, it was assumed that imports in exporting countries are small and can be excluded from consideration. The new statement takes into account the supply of importsto the domestic market of the exporting country. In a state close to equilibrium, the model ensures the fulfillment of the following relationships: 1) the external supplies of the exporting country are positively related to their own production. For the dependence of the external supplies of the exporting country on the output volumes of the global exporter, the conditionsunder which it has a negative or positive relationship are specified. In general, the nature of this relationship depends on the size of the exporting country's market, and in most casesthis relationship is negative; 2) the import of the exporting country positively depends on theoutput of the global exporter, solutions have been found in which the dependence on the output of the exporting country can be both negative and positive; 3) the price of the domesticmarket of the exporting country is negatively related to the output of the global exporter, its relationship with the production of the exporting country in most cases is negative. Based on the model, the impact of supply and demand shocks on the export-oriented market is analyzed. The scenario associated with the fall in global barley production is considered,which, in general, confirmed the adequacy of the model. The theoretical significance of thestudy lies in substantiating the nature of the relationships that arise in the sales markets of the exporting country, in particular, depending on the size of the exporter's sales market. The practical relevance of the model lies in its great scientific potential for solving problemsrelated to assessing the impact of supply and demand shocks on the domestic market, with the development of measures to stabilize it.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF FISCAL RULES: INTERNATIONAL AND RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors:   RANEPA, Moscow, Russia, KOMARNITSKAYA A.N. , SOKOLOV I.A. ,   RANEPA; Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: September 2023

Economic instability forces governments to urgently support businesses and the public at the expense of budgetary imbalances. Such circumstances test flexibility of fiscal rules - restrictions on the main budget parameters. They are often suspended, the limit values of their indicators are adjusted, temporary concessions for their use are introduced. Both the introduction of such instrument and its sustainability over time depend primarily on thegovernment and policymakers. At the same time world experience proves that budget restrictions supported by the authorities need a complementing system of adaptation and controlling conditions allowing for a better adaptation to economic challenges and following their original task - to ensure medium-term budget balance while maintaining a conditionally constant level of budget expenditures. The subject in the paper is the institutional conditions for fiscal rules’ functioning. The purpose of the study is to identify the institutional framework used to ensure proper performance of fiscal rules and assess its practical applicability in Russia. Using the methods of descriptive statistical and comparative analysis of international and Russian practice in applying fiscal rules, the authors identify and analyze the list of such institutional conditions as medium-term expenditure frameworks, fiscal councils, correction mechanisms, escape clauses. The results of the study consist in formulated required and sufficient institutional framework for effective fiscal rules. Due to the use of only medium-term budget planning in Russia the remaining three may serve as a guideline for implementing budget restrictions during the current reform .
CAPITAL PROTECTED STRUCTURED PRODUCTS ON RUSSIAN MARKET AND THEIR HIDDEN COSTS
Authors:   HSE University, TKACHENKO M.V. ,   Sovcombank
Published: September 2023

The research examines the estimation of structured products hidden costs on the Russianmarket. Hidden costs are calculated as a difference between the notional value of structured product and present value of all its components. The studies conducted on European structured products market prove that hidden costs decrease with expanding market and increasing number of issuers, but increase with growing sophistication of structured products. The sample consists of 174 structured products currently presented on the Russian market. There are capital protected notes with participation. The underlying assets are indexes, stocks, depositary receipts, stocks of funds or ETFs. We estimated the hidden costs of each of these products drawing on the methodology which divides invested capital into three parts: deposit that guarantees capital protection, call option to obtain a part of underlying asset growth and hidden costs. We argue that hidden costs by sample are higher than median hidden costs on European market. It could be explained by short period of Russian structured products market existence and low number of issuers. The results obtained could be used by regulators, structured products issuers, investors and all those interested in structured products
DEMOGRAPHIC VALUESAND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF VKONTAKTE USERS: IS THERE A CONNECTION?
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University,, KALABIKHINA I.E. , KAZBEKOVA Z.G. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,, BANIN E.P. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», KLIMENKO G.A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,
Published: September 2023

The main purpose of the study is to identify whether there is a connection between different demographic values, as well as socio-demographic characteristics of social network VKontakte users. Based on a large data set of user comments of two types - parental and childfree groups, - the paper identifies the links between different types of demographic values - positive or negative attitudes towards parenthood, family creation, having children, attitude towardshealthy lifestyle, as well as between values and socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, age, marital status. Drawing on a logit analysis, the authors construct socio-demographic profiles of so-called “pronatalists” (parental groups) and “anti-natalists” (childfree groups)in Russia and prove the correlation between different types of values. For example, positiveattitudes towards parenthood, childbearing, and family creation (reproductive and family values) are associated with negative attitudes towards smoking and alcohol (positive vital values). The marital status is also associated with these positive values (which indirectly indicates a connection with matrimonial values). A connection was found both between different types of demographic values of the social network users of selected demographic groups, and a connection between the socio-demographic characteristics of users and their values. For example, women and older people (in some model specifications) are more proneto family values. Additionally, the study confirms the quality of the choice of demographic groups in social network by names and declared values- a connection is traced between belonging to pronatalist or antinatalist groups and value attitudes about life priorities (familyor leisure and self-development).
NATIONAL SECURITY MODEL: GENERAL APPROACHES AND CONSTRUCTION ISSUES
Authors:   Market Economy Institute RAS, TULUPOV A.S.
Published: September 2023

Ensuring national security is the basis for sustainable socio-economic development. This study aims to show the critical shortcomings of the current national security system and to reconfigure the mechanisms for building and regulating both individual types of security and the national security of the Russian Federation at large. The methodological basis of the study is scientific and regulatory documents on ensuring security, sustainable development. The main scientific tools of the work are: economic and systemic types of analysis, including conceptual content analysis and information modeling. The study clearly shows that ensuring national and individual types of security requires systemic consideration, taking into account the multidimensional nature of emerging relationships and its implications. National security is defined as a state of protection from internal and external threats, in which all types of security are systemically provided and the stability of its indicators is maintained. The author proposes a multidimensional discrete model of national security, characterized by the typology of protected objects, the level of consideration, the type of security provided, and the system of regulatory tools. The structuring of the selected components of the national security system has been carried out. To increase the reliability of security level assessment and better use of regulatory tools, additional parameters are proposed that affect the overall system for ensuring national security. The results obtained have a wide application for policymakers, research and educational organizations - all those involved in ensuring a particular type of security, including the development of regulatory documentation, scientific and educational publications
Economic evaluation on fish production and demand in Tripura - strategic options
Authors: DEBNATH BISWAJIT , BIRADAR R S , KRISHNAN M , PANDEY S K , DEBNATH C , SRIVASTAVA S K , DAS S C S
Published: September 2023

Tripura, witnessed an impressive growth in fish production during the past decade, because here fish culture is recognized as a vital activity for economic development. The state is presently undergoing a transitional phase and developing several plans to achieve self-sufficiency in fish production. The present study aims to workout strategic options that harmonize production and consumption. Stochastic frontier production function and technical efficiency of fish production estimates yielded positive coefficients for majority of factors of production. It showed significantly higher mean technical efficiency for adopted villages than that for non-adopted villages. At consumption front, demand estimation using multiple budgeting framework of household showed significant and positive income elasticities of demand for local carps, local non-carps, inter-state non-carps and small weed fish. But income elasticity for inter-state carps was less and insignificant among all selected choice fish groups (CFGs). Demand for the fish under the baseline scenario (base year 2004) is likely to grow at an annual rate of 3.38% for the State. The demand for fish by 2015 was projected as 80,153 mt of which nearly 50% (40,624 mt) is constituted by local carps. The study suggested prioritizing technological and management options after synchronizing present policy of the fisheries development, institutional environment, support services and profile of different stakeholders of the state.
Duplex PCR for specific detection of Escherichia coli and its differentiation from other Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: MITRA SUSWETA DAS , DAS WILFRED ANTHONY , TEWARI RITUPARNA , C NIMITA VENUGOPAL , MANI BHUVANA , NATESAN KRITHIGA , SHOME BIBEK RANJAN , RAHMAN HABIBUR
Published: September 2023

Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals and one of the most important causes of bovine mastitis. Definitive identification of E. coli from other members of Enterobacteriaceae remains ambiguous. The present study describes a duplex PCR, targeting 2 housekeeping genes, the lacy (lactose permease) and phoA (alkaline phosphatase) for the reliable detection of E. coli that enables its differentiation from biochemically and phylogenetically related bacteria. The assay was evaluated employing 19 ATCC (American type culture collection) reference strains of Enterobacteriaceae family. Validation of the assay with E. coli (154) isolated from milk and faeces rendered the assay to be specific. The results suggest that the technique can be used for accurate detection of E. coli and thus can be adapted for testing bacteriological safety of milk, for field applications, and in laboratories handling clinical samples. This PCR (polymerase chain reaction) can successfully distinguish E. coli including E. coli O157 from Shigella spp and other related enterobacteria, emphasizing its relevance and utility in studies related to E. coli infection.
Detection of Arcobacter spp in poultry, pigs, their meat and environment samples by conventional and PCR assays
Authors: VERMA MOHIT , JOSHI NAMITA , RATHORE R S , MOHAN H V
Published: September 2023

Samples (300) comprising poultry and pig faeces, meat, poultry intestinal contents and environmental samples were investigated bacteriologically for the presence of Arcobacter spp. On the basis of morphology and biochemical tests, 34 (11.33%) of the isolates were identified as Arcobacter. The isolates grew at 28°C aerobically but failed to grow at 42°C. Arcobacters were differentiated from closely related campylobacters by their ability to grow in aerobic condition and negative for hippurate hydrolysis test. The genus specific amplification of 16S rRNA gene by PCR gave an amplification product of 1223 bp in all 34 presumptive Arcobacter isolates. The highest rate of Arcobacter isolation was from poultry meat samples (18%) followed by poultry environmental samples (16%), poultry intestinal contents (13.33%), poultry faecal (10%), pork (10%) and pig faecal (8%) and no arcobacters could be isolated from the pig environments. Multiplex PCR (m-PCR) targeting for 16S r RNA and 23S rRNA genes detected A. butzleri (12), A. skirrowii (6) and A. cryaerophilus (4). However, some of isolates showed mixed culture of both A. butzleri and A. skkirrowii (5), A. skkirrowii and A. cryaerophilus (4) and A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus (3).
Effects of fumaric or malic acid and 9, 10 anthraquinone on digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, methane emission and performance of growing calves
Authors: EBRAHIMI SEYED HADI , DATTA MADHU MOHINI , HEIDARIAN VAHIDEH , SIROHI SUNIL KUMAR , TYAGI AMRISH KUMAR
Published: September 2023

This study was aimed to test whether combination of methanogens inhibitor and a hydrogen sink may result in any complementary effects in vivo. Growing calves (15; average 7- month-old, and weighing 130 kg) were arranged into 3 groups in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: Control (no additives), FA and AQ (control + 6.5 mM of FA and AQ at the level of 4 ppm) and MA and AQ (control + 6.5 mM of MA and 4 ppm of AQ). AQ in combination with FA or MA had no effect on final BW, ADG and daily feed intake. There was no effect of supplementation of additives on intestinal flow of microbial-N, apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CF, EE, NDF, and ADF but CP digestibility increased as a result of feeding AQ and organic acids. Nitrogen intake was similar in three groups but supplementation of diet with AQ and FA or MA decreased nitrogen losses through feces and urinary losses of nitrogen also slightly declined resulting in a nonsignificant improvement of nitrogen retention in treated groups than control. Feeding AQ and OAs resulted in a significant reduction of 9.5% methane per unit DMI in animals fed AQ and MA. It can be concluded that reduction of methane production caused by feed additives in the present study was not notable and could not improve animal performance and nutrients utilization which challenges previous in vitro findings observed in the use of organic acids and methane inhibitors in combination.
Does age at weaning influences behaviour of Murrah buffalo calves under semi-intensive management conditions?
Authors: BHARTI P K , DUTT TRIVENI , PATEL B H M , PANDEY H O , TOMAR A K S
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the study was to compare the behaviour of neonatal Murrah buffalo calves reared under weaning and suckling methods. Initially, 42 newly born calves were selected and they were equally but alternately assigned into 3 groups as suckling (Gr 1), weaning at birth (Gr 2) and weaning on 45th day (Gr 3). The different behavioural parameters of calves were recorded for first 15 days of suckling/weaning during each milk-feeding hour. The average daily milk intake of calves was significantly lower in Gr 1than Gr 3 but higher than Gr 2. The time taken by calves for milk consumption was significantly higher in Gr 3 than Gr 1 or Gr 2. The learning time for selffeeding in Gr 2 was significantly higher than Gr 3 and Gr 1. The incidence of inter-suckling was significantly higher in Gr 3 than Gr 1 (11.49%) and Gr 2 (59.08%). The incidence of defecation and urination was non significantly higher in suckling than weaning groups. The total suckling score was significantly higher in Gr 3 than Gr 1 and Gr 2. Weaning in buffalo calves at birth yielded more success rate than weaning at 45th day. This study highlights deeper understanding of weaned calf behaviour which can be useful for adopting weaning management practice in buffaloes to promote clean milk production and to get other established benefits of weaning similar to dairy cattle.
A comparative analysis of reproductive performance of different pig breeds under intensive management systems in sub-tropical climate
Authors: GOKULDAS P P , TAMULI M K , MOHAN N H , BARMAN K , SAHOO N R
Published: September 2023

A comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the reproductive performance of various pig breeds reared under intensive system of rearing in sub-tropical climate. Trends in reproductive performance were studied in different breeds with respect to age at puberty and first fertile service, weaning to estrus interval (WEI), farrowing interval, litter size and farrowing indices. Analysis of data revealed earlier age at puberty in Ghungroo (7.8±0.41 months) and crossbred pigs (7.86±0.17 months). Correspondingly, age at first fertile service were earlier in crossbred sows (8.94±0.16 months) and Ghungroo (9.3±0.43 months). In general, an extended WEI could be observed in all breeds and the delay was more pronounced in primiparous compared to multiparous sows. Litter size at birth was significantly higher in Ghungroo (8.7±0.25) and crossbreds [HS × GH (8.5±0.48) and HS × NM (8.2±0.55)] in comparison to other groups. Average numbers of piglets weaned per sow were significantly higher in Ghungroo sows and its crosses. Average pre-weaning mortality was found to be significantly lower in crossbreds with Hampshire-desi crosses having the lowest rate (2.94%). Out of all groups, crossbreds had a higher farrowing index value of 2.01 while indigenous breeds had a relatively lower farrowing index (1.72). Significant influences of different genetic groups on various reproductive variables were observed in the present study while environmental factors and selection practices also appeared to contribute overall variations in the reproductive performance.
Climate change and water availability in Indian agriculture: Impacts and adaptation
Authors: PATHAK H , PRAMANIK P , KHANNA M , KUMAR A
Published: September 2023

Climate is a very decisive factor in water resource availability of a region. Warming of the climate system in recent decades is evident from increase in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global sea level. The hydrological cycle is intimately linked with changes in atmospheric temperature and radiation balance. A warmer climate may lead to intensification of the hydrological cycle, resulting in higher rates of evaporation and increase of liquid precipitation. These processes, in association with a shifting pattern of precipitation, may affect the spatial and temporal distribution of runoff, soil moisture, groundwater reserves etc. and may increase the frequency of droughts and floods. Agricultural demand, particularly for irrigation water is considered more sensitive to climate change. A change in field-level climate may alter the need and timing of irrigation. Increased dryness may lead to increased demand, but demand may be reduced if soil moisture content rises at critical times of the year. It is projected that most irrigated areas in India would require more water around 2025 and global net irrigation requirements would increase relative to the situation without climate change by 3.5–5% by 2025, and 6–8% by 2075. The effect of climate change on water resources may be mitigated through better water harvesting through the creation of micro-storage facilities in watersheds. These would not only provide supplemental irrigation but also recharge the groundwater aquifers.
Study on gender issues in promoting agri-entrepreneurship among farm graduates
Authors: CHAHAL V P , PONNUSAMY K
Published: September 2023

Since 2002, a Central Sector Scheme on Agri-Clinic and Agri-Business Centres (AC&ABC) is in operation in the country to promote entrepreneurship among farm graduates after their formal graduation. A study was undertaken to ascertain the gender issues in establishing and running agri-ventures by the farm graduates who were provided training under AC&ABC scheme. The data were collected from 70 respondents comprising 35 male respondents and 35 female respondents using structured questionnaire through e-mail and telephonic contacts. Findings revealed that majority of female respondents (71.43%) did not venture into AC&ABC due to lack of family support, previous job experience and self-confidence. Prevailing societal attitude might have forced females to avoid starting of enterprise in their native/surrounding villages due to fear of being criticized. The study also revealed gender differences in nature of farm enterprises, motivational factors, site selection, investment pattern, income level, working time as well as cooperation of family and banks. The success of AC and ABC depends on effective sensitization of family members, bank and development officials, more hand holding and financial support and incentives and mass media support for reinforcing the success models across the country.
Impact of soil moisture and plant population on yield components and yield of maize (Zea mays)
Authors: PARTHASARATHI T , VANITHA K , VELU G
Published: September 2023

Experiment was conducted with three water levels such as 100, 75 and 50 % with three spacing, viz. normal, narrow and reduced narrow spacing of maize. Reducing the plant spacing, enhanced the plant population per unit area which increases maize yield even under reduced soil moisture level. Individual treatments of normal irrigation practice, narrow plant spacing and its interaction registered better performance of kernel, stover yield and yield attributes.
Effect of stage of harvest and post-harvest ripening of fruits on hybrid seed yield and quality in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata)
Authors: VINOD K , TOMAR B S , KADDI GIRISH , KUMAR SANJAY
Published: September 2023

The effect of stage of harvest and post-harvest ripening of fruits on seed yield and quality in Pusa Hybrid 1 pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir) was studied during summer 2008 and 2009 at Seed Production Unit Farm, IARI, New Delhi. Among the six different treatments of harvesting and post-harvest ripening stages, viz. H1-50 DAA, H2 - 60 DAA, H3 - 70 DAA, H1P1 - 50 DAA + 10 PHR, H1P2 - 50 DAA + 20 PHR and H2P1 - 60 DAA + 10 PHR, the fruits harvested at H3 stage outperformed others in respect of fruit weight (3.77 kg), fruit diameter (22.34 cm), cavity length (16.22 cm) and cavity diameter (16.06 cm). However, fruits obtained from H2P1 (60 DAA + 10 PHR) recorded significantly higher number of filled seeds (489.85), total number of seeds (494.35), 100 seed weight (14.68 g) and other seed quality attributes, viz. germination (93.44 %), seedling length (31.26 cm), seedling dry weight (54.96 mg), vigour index - I & II (2921.65 and 5141.64) compared to other treatments. The seed obtained from H2P1 also showed superiority in seed anatomical attributes such as weight of the seed coat (0.294 g), embryo (0.024 g) and cotyledons (1.413 g) as well as protein (399.5 mg/g) and oil (45.5 %) content indicating highest level of development and metabolic gain of the seed.
Influence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria inoculation on nutrient availability, soil microbial properties and defence enzymes in rice (Oryza sativa) crop
Authors: MEENA R K , SINGH Y V , LATA LATA , PRASANNA R , KAUR C , KUMAR A , BANA R S
Published: September 2023

Soil organic carbon, available N, P, K, Zn, Fe and Cu in soil at crop harvest stage significantly increased due to the integrated inoculation of PGPR and Multani mitti based BGA with application of compost and chemical N fertilizer (80 and 120 kg/ha) over N control. Status of SOC and available N, P, K, Fe, Zn and Cu in soil at crop maturity stage was highest at 2/3N+BI+CI+C@ 5.0 tonnes/ha. Soil chlorophyll, dehydrogenase and ARA activity were significantly higher at 2/3N+BI+CI+C@ 5.0 tonnes/ha compared to other treatments. Plant enzymatic activity of POD and PPO at 60 DAT also was significantly higher in 2/3N+BI+CI+Compost@ 5.0 tonnes/ha. Application of 2/ 3N with inoculation of bacterial and cyanobacterial PGPR along with 5.0 tonnes/ha compost not only improved nutrient availability in soil but also enhanced soil microbial, plant enzymatic activity and crop yield.
Effect of fertility levels and bioinoculants on growth, productivity and economics of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)
Authors: SINGH ANIMESH , JAT N L , SINGH RAGHAVENDRA , PAL SURESH , SINGH AMITESH KUMAR , GUDADE B A
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted at research farm of SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner, Rajasthan to assess the effect of fertility and bioinoculants on growth, yield and economics of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). The results revealed that application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer along with Rhizobium inoculation recorded higher growth (plant height, branches/ plant, dry matter accumulation/plant and nodules/plant); yield attributes (pods/plant, seeds/pod and 1000-seed weight) seed and stover yields, gross returns (25.05 × 103 `/ha), net returns (13.63 × 103 `/ha) and B:C ratio (1.19) as compared to control and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) inoculation and remained at par with all other treatment combination. So, it was concluded that use of 75% RDF along with Rhizobium may be recommended for obtaining the higher yield of Cluster bean in the region.
Hans Blumenberg se filosofiese antropologie
Authors:   Universiteit van die Vrystaat, Naudé Charl-Pierre
Published: September 2023

Opsomming Hans Blumenberg filosofeer dat dit nie net aanvaar kan word dat die mens ’n denkende wese geword het as gevolg van natuurlike evolusie nie. Dít sou daarop neerkom dat denke ’n “inherente” aanleg by die mens is, terwyl alles wat ontstaan, om ’n rede ontstaan, voer hy aan. Blumenberg postuleer ’n filosofiese antropologie, waarin die menslike selfbewussyn die produk van ’n katastrofiese gebeurtenis was toe die mens uit die beskutting van sy natuurlike habitat weggedwaal het. Sy natuurlike instinkte was toe nie meer doeltreffend vir oorlewing nie. Gevolglik het hy hom aan ’n vorm van wensdenkery oorgegee om psigies te oorleef. Daardie been van die filosofie wat die vroeë mens se ontstaansgeskiedenis as ’n verstandelike en geestelike wese uitbeeld, word die filosofiese antropologie genoem. Die doel van die wensdenkery was om geborgenheid in die onsekerheid te bekom en Blumenberg noem die eerste vorme van denke mitiese denke. Namate die geborgenheidsbehoeftes bevredig is, het redelike denke in die prentjie gekom. Die denke van die rede bly egter omsluit deur die verbeelding, net soos mitemakende denke. Albei vorme sê meer oor die menslike bewussyn as oor die objektiewe werklikheid. Hierdie gelykstelling toon Blumenberg as fenomenoloog. Die artikel bespreek voorts voorbeelde uit die kunste as fenomenologiese produkte. Deur Blumenberg in spanning met ander denkers, kritici en strominge te plaas, voer ek aan dat sy filosofiese antropologie ’n oortuigende model bied vir die verstaan van waarom die mens ’n denkende wese geword het. Ek toon aan hoe sy antropologie die ontstaan van moraliteit as ’n selfbeskermende evolusionêre funksie motiveer. In ’n enigmatiese siening voer Blumenberg aan dat die kwesbare mens die druk van natuurlike evolusie teengaan met die skep van ’n tweede natuur, ’n ekologie van die gees, wat sy eie evolusiereëls het. Kritici wat sy antropologiese model van behoudende stramheid beskuldig en meen dat dit morele beweegbaarheid en sosiale bevryding kniehalter, word krities bespreek. Hierdie artikel is die eerste van ’n tweeluik. Die opvolgartikel sal handel oor Blumenberg se model vir die evolusie van denke.
Die noodsaak van die kultuurmens in die tyd van uitsetverknegting
Authors:   Noordwes-Universiteit, Boshoff Hercules
Published: September 2023

Opsomming Uitsetverknegting word in hierdie bydrae ontleed en beskryf as die nagevolg van die prestasiekultuur (Leistungsgesellschaft) na aanleiding van die belangrike werk wat Byung-Chul Han (2015) daaroor gedoen het. Die prestasiekultuur is ’n uitvloeisel van die psigopolitiek, in navolging van wat Michel Foucault as biopolitiek geïdentifiseer het. Waar laasgenoemde op die dissiplinering van die liggaam fokus, is die psigopolitiek op die uitbuiting van die menslike gees gerig, nie deur onderdrukking en dissiplinering nie, maar by wyse van deurlopende prikkels vir die stimulering van behoeftes. “Positiwiteit” is voorts aan die orde van die dag, wat alles tot verhoogde uitsette en oënskynlike toename in geluk aanleiding gee. Maar in die proses word ’n verknegting aan uitsette geskep; selfs verbruik word onmiddellik verwerk en as uitset uitgedruk. Die grootskaalse verskynsel van uitbranding en depressie (mens kan waarskynlik aandagafleibaarheid toevoeg) moet volgens Han egter direk met uitsetverknegting in verband gebring word. N.P. Van Wyk Louw (1971) het reeds verwys na die “ miere-mens”, wat maklik in verband gebring kan word met die prestasiekultuur. Hierteenoor beklemtoon hy die noodsaak van die “kultuurmens” as ’n persoon wat nie bloot ingestel is op die omskakeling van aktiwiteit tot uitset nie, maar wat in die eerste instansie “uit” tradisie lewe (nie kritiekloos in tradisie of soos die miere-mens buite tradisie nie). Die kultuurmens kan met ander woorde deur middel van ’n historiese bewussyn die uitset in die gees van die bekende oopgesprek-gedagte interpreteer as iets wat ingebed is in en voortdurend in gesprek moet bly met die geskiedenis van kultuur. Daar word ten slotte verder op die tema van die oop gesprek en die kultuurmens uitgebrei deur Hans-Georg Gadamer se begrip takt, wat op die redelike, die emosionele, die ritmies-musikale én die tasbaarheid van menslike interaksie fokus.
’n Ondersoek na differensiële verstedeliking as ’n bydraende determinant in ruimtelikeontwikkelingsraamwerke
Authors:   Noordwes-Universiteit, Williamson Owen , Viviers Jako , Cornelius Selna
Published: September 2023

Opsomming Die onderliggende prosesse wat verstedeliking in Afrika dryf verskil drasties van die res van die wêreld. Suid-Afrika (SA) is hierin geen uitsondering nie en dit is alombekend dat migrasiepatrone van verstedeliking grootliks gegrond is in koloniale beplanning gedurende die apartheidsera, asook die nadraai daarvan. Navorsers is dit eens dat daar egter ’n volgende dimensie aan die verskynsel van verstedeliking in SA gekoppel behoort te word, naamlik differensiële verstedeliking (DV). Die artikel het derhalwe ten doel om vas te stel of die huidige ruimtelikebeplanningsdirektiewe en voortspruitende munisipale ruimtelikeontwikkelingsraamwerke (ROR’e) wel SA se unieke migrasiepatrone en DV ondervang. Ter bereiking van die gestelde doelstellings, implementeer die ondersoek ’n kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering om reële verstedeliking en DV te ondersoek, asook om ’n oorsig te lewer van huidige ruimtelikebeplanningsdirektiewe se verrekening hiervan. Bevindinge uit die literatuurstudie dui daarop dat SA tydens die onmiddellike nadraai van die apartheidsera die Intermediêre Primaatstad- en Gevorderde Primaatstad-subfases van verstedeliking betree het en dit word toegeskryf aan die toenemende migrasie van die swart subbevolking na intermediêre stede. Die verskynsel staan bekend as omgekeerde polarisasie. Daar is ook bevind dat, hoewel toekomstige ruimtelike beplanning beslag moet vind in munisipale ROR’e, dit nie noodwendig gebaseer word op unieke verstedelikingstendense nie en veral nie daarin slaag om die spesifieke fases en subfases van DV te identifiseer nie. Munisipale ROR’e se vermoë om die unieke verstedelikingstendense te identifiseer en daarna aan te spreek word gevolglik bevraagteken. Voorts word ’n tematiese ontleding geïnkorporeer deur oop, aksiale en selektiewe kodering toe te pas. Kwalitatiewe data vanuit die literatuur word op dié wyse gekategoriseer en in aanwysers georganiseer ten einde ’n teoretiese matriks oor verstedeliking en DV op te stel. Die artikel word afgesluit met die teoretiese matriks wat grootliks verteenwoordigend is van die aanwysers van DV en wat reeds beskou kan word as ’n waardevolle instrument wat moontlik kan bydra tot meer akkurate ontledings en vooruitskattings tydens die opstel van munisipale ROR’e.
Agter die skerms: Navorsingsmetodologie vir die ontwerp van ’n uitspraaktoepassingsmodel gemik op vreemdetaalsprekers van Afrikaans (deel 1 van ’n drieluik)
Authors:   Universiteit Stellenbosch, Sass Jaydey , Adendorff Elbie
Published: September 2023

Opsomming Hierdie artikel is die eerste van ’n drieluik wat verslag lewer oor ’n navorsingstudie wat deur die eerste skrywer vir ’n doktorale studie1 onderneem is. Dit sit die navorsingsmetodologie vir die studie uiteen. Die tweede artikel verskaf die teoretiese begronding van ’n gespelifieerde2 uitspraaktoepassingsmodel vir Engelssprekende studente3 wat Afrikaans as ’n vreemde taal4 aanleer.5 In die derde artikel plaas ons die fokus op die model waarop ’n gespelifieerde uitspraaktoepassing ontwerp kan word. Die navorsingsmetodologie – die kern van hierdie artikel – behels die bespreking van die navorsingsontwerp wat gevolg is, die data-insamelingsmetodes en navorsingsinstrumente, geldigheid en betroubaarheid van die ingesamelde data, en breedvoerige beskrywing van die deelnemers. Ons het om die nodige etiese klaring aansoek gedoen om dié empiriese studie te onderneem. Die bydrae van die artikelreeks sluit in ’n gebruikersgerigte uitspraaktoepassingsmodel wat deur alle belangstellendes gebruik kan word. ’n Lys klanke vir vreemdetaalsprekers van Afrikaans wat vir hulle leiding gee oor hoe om Afrikaanse klanke uit te spreek, word as ’n bylaag verskaf. Daar word ook bespreek hoe speletjies studente kan help om hulle bewus te maak van uitspraakverskille tussen hulle eerste taal en hulle teikentaal. Bevindings word gemaak oor onder meer studente se taalprioriteite; hulle voorkeure en vereistes vir ’n uitspraaktoepassing; Afrikaanse klanke wat Engelssprekende studente nieluistervriendelik uitspreek en opmerkings daaroor. Dié bevindings kan toegepas word in die vreemdetaalaanleerklaskamer asook in die veld van mobielgesteunde taalaanleer.
Teoretiese begronding vir die ontwerp van ’n uitspraaktoepassingsmodel gemik op vreemdetaalsprekers van Afrikaans (deel 2 van ’n drieluik)
Authors:   Universiteit Stellenbosch, Sass Jaydey , Adendorff Elbie
Published: September 2023

Opsomming Hierdie artikel is die tweede van drie wat verslag lewer oor ’n navorsingstudie wat deur die eerste skrywer vir ’n doktorale studie1 onderneem is. Die eerste artikel verskaf die navorsingsontwerp vir die studie. Dié artikel behels die uiteensetting van die teoretiese begronding van ’n gespelifieerde uitspraaktoepassingsmodel vir Engelssprekende studente2 wat Afrikaans as ’n vreemde taal3 aanleer.4 In die laaste artikel plaas ons die fokus op die model waarop ’n gespelifieerde uitspraaktoepassing ontwerp kan word. Nieluistervriendelike uitspraak5 kan verwarring in gesprekke veroorsaak én die spreker in die verleentheid stel. Dít kan daartoe lei dat die spreker byvoorbeeld lae motivering het om die taal te wil praat of nie betrokke wil wees by die aanleer van die taal nie. Die gebruik van spelifiëring6 (“gamification”) in ’n taalaanleertoepassing het die potensiaal om ’n groot rol te speel in die motivering en voortdurende betrokkenheid van studente – aspekte wat in die taalaanleerproses belangrik is. Maar die gebruik van spelifiëring kan nie alleen help nie, die studente en/of dosente moet na geskikte voorsienbaarhede7 (“affordances”) soek en moet dit dan implementeer. Verder is dit die dosent/navorser/ontwerper se verantwoordelikheid om ’n hulpbron te skep wat aan die studente se behoeftes voldoen en wat hulle op alle vlakke interesseer – dit wil sê inhoudsgewys en op ’n tegnologiese vlak. Een voorsienbaarheid en hulpbron wat aan bogenoemde vereistes voldoen, is die gebruik van ’n gespelifieerde uitspraaktoepassing. As teoretiese begronding en vertrekpunt vir die toepassingsmodel bespreek ons die belangrikheid van ’n behoefte-analise, die beginsels vir die ontwikkeling en implementering van mobielgesteunde onderrig van Stockwell en Hubbard (2013:8–9); die spelifiëringsmodel van Huang en Soman (2013:7–14); die riglyne vir uitspraakonderrig van Conti (Smith en Conti 2016:27; Conti 2016) en die riglyne vir ’n gebruikersvriendelike gebruikerservaring deur Babich (2018) en gebruikerskoppelvlak deur Clearbridge Mobile (2020). Ons kom tot die insig dat die korrekte toepassing van dié teoretiese begronding tot die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van ’n gebruikersgerigte uitspraaktoepassingsmodel kan lei wat as ekstra hulpmiddel vir vreemdetaalstudente van Afrikaans kan dien. Só ’n toepassing bied ook vir studente voorsienbaarhede om buite die klas verantwoordelikheid vir hulle onderrig te aanvaar en bevorder op hierdie wyse outonome leer.
ChatGPT: Vriend en vyand in die Geografie-vakdidaktiek-klaskamer? Implikasies vir die praktyk
Authors:   Universiteit van die Vrystaat, van Staden Christa
Published: September 2023

Opsomming Die doel van hierdie aksienavorsing was om te bepaal of ChatGPT as vriend of vyand in die Geografie-vakdidaktiek-klaskamer beskou kan word. Vir dié doel het ek ChatGPT gepor om drie praktiese en drie teoretiese take te voltooi. Die belangrikste bevinding is dat ChatGPT as ’n vyand beskou kan word omdat die drie praktiese take so goed uitgevoer is dat dit akademiese oneerlikheid kan bevorder. Dit het binne sekondes ’n jaarplan, lesplan en toets saamgestel. Die toetsvrae was op die vlakke van Bloom se taksonomie gerig, die punte per vraag is aangedui en die memorandum is verskaf. Ek moes egter vir al drie take privaat data invoer omdat ChatGPT nie toegang tot die Kurrikulum- en Assesseringsbeleidsverklaring (KABV) kon verkry nie. Die tweede bevinding is amper net so belangrik, naamlik dat ChatGPT ook as vriend in die klaskamer beskou kan word weens die foute wat dit maak. Dit het assesseringsmetodes met soorte assessering verwar, nie goed tussen vervlegte leer en aktief-vervlegte leer onderskei nie, gejok oor die navorser wat ’n leergeoriënteerde benadering tot assessering ontwikkel het en die drie beginsels van hierdie teorie op ’n geloofwaardige manier versin. ChatGPT het ook bronne vervals of versin en ’n bronnelys versin, eienskappe wat daartoe kan bydra dat studente van bronplagiaat aangekla kan word. Hierdie foute kan egter gebruik word om ryk leergeleenthede te skep indien leertake in plaas van assesseringstake ontwerp word. Studente kan ChatGPT gebruik om eerste weergawes te skep, waarna dit verbeter moet word. Daarna kan hulle dit met medestudente deel en die terugvoer gebruik om dit verder te verbeter voordat dit vir assessering ingedien word. Die dosent se terugvoer kan gebruik word om ’n finale lesplan of toets te skep, produkte wat die aanstelbaarheid van beginneronderwysers kan bevorder. Die laaste bevinding is dat dit moeilik is om KI-tekste van mensgeskrewe tekste te onderskei. ChatGPT se tekste was so uniek dat tradisionele sagteware (Turnitin) nie outeurskap bevraagteken het nie. Alhoewel verskeie KI-opspoorders ontwikkel is, was slegs een uit die drie wat ek getoets het doeltreffend. Dit het dringend noodsaaklik geword om KI-tekste op te spoor omdat ’n student wat dit indien nie self die navorsing gedoen het nie; anders kan hierdie nuwe vorm van plagiaat die integriteit van universiteite nadelig beïnvloed.
Die soektog na ’n middeweg in die bekamping van wildmisdaad: ’n blik op bestaande reguleringsmaatreëls en die integrasie van aanvullende oplossings
Authors:   Noordwes-Universiteit, Snyman Inge
Published: September 2023

Opsomming Wildmisdaad word allerweë beskou as een van die oorsake van biodiversiteitsverlies, en juis daarom verleen internasionale en nasionale beleidmakers voorrang aan dié kwessie op omgewingsagendas. Ten spyte van hierdie bedreiging is daar tans geen klinkklare universele definisie van wildmisdaad, ’n toonaangewende internasionale verdrag of ’n aanbevole bekampingstrategie waarvolgens lande die beste praktyk kan vasstel om wildmisdaad op nasionale bodem te bekamp nie. Intussen is lande genoop om bestaande verbandhoudende regsinstrumente (soos die Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1973) en aanvullende oplossings te benut om wildmisdaad te bekamp. Tydens die soektog na ’n middeweg tussen bestaande reguleringsmaatreëls en aanvullende oplossings lok die bekamping van wildmisdaad verskillende reaksies uit en kan uiteenlopende argumente daaroor aangevoer en standpunte ingeneem word. Hierdie artikel het ten doel om ’n middeweg in die bekamping van wildmisdaad te ondersoek deur bestaande reguleringsmaatreëls, asook die integrasie van moontlike aanvullende oplossings, by wyse van ’n literatuuroorsig onder die loep te neem. Daar word bevind dat die middeweg ’n klemverskuiwing vereis waar ’n holistiese benadering tot die bekamping van wildmisdaad gevolg word. Die middeweg is geleë in ’n kombinasie van formele regsinstrumente en vernuwende aanvullende oplossings wat elk ingespan word om ’n unieke aspek van wildmisdaad te reguleer.
Die soektog na gasbronne in Suid-Afrikaanse gebiedswaters: ’n omgewingsregsperspektief
Authors:   Noordwes-Universiteit, Franco Carmen , du Plessis Willemien
Published: September 2023

Opsomming Suid-Afrika onderneem al vir ’n geruime tyd gaseksplorasie en -produksie-aktiwiteite. Aanvanklike wetgewing het nie spesifiek vir omgewingsmaatreëls voorsiening gemaak nie, maar sedert 2008 moet die Wet op die Ontwikkeling van Minerale en Petroleumhulpbronne en die Nasionale Wet op Omgewingsbestuur gesamentlik bestudeer word. In hierdie jaar is die omgewingswetgewing op mynbou van toepassing gemaak. Die sogenaamde geïntegreerde-omgewing-stelsel noodsaak die Minister van Minerale Hulpbronne en Energie om nie net die noodsaaklikheid van energie te oorweeg nie, maar ook omgewingsaspekte. Verskeie beleide en wette is van toepassing op die gaseksplorasie en -produksielewensiklusse. Die belang van gemeenskappe en die omgewing het einde Desember 2021 na vore gekom met die aansoek om gaseksplorasie aan die ooskus van Suid-Afrika te voorkom. Die eerste aansoek het nie geslaag nie, maar daarna het die teenstanders van gaseksplorasie in drie opeenvolgende hofsake geslaag. Hierdie artikel bespreek nie die hofsake in diepte nie, maar gebruik die hofsake om die toepassing van die wetgewing wat gaseksplorasie en -produksie reguleer in omgewingsverband te illustreer.
An overview of the energy segment of Indonesia: present situation, prospects, and forthcoming advancements in renewable energy technology
Authors: Raihan Asif
Published: September 2023

The rising usage of fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, leading to global climate change. Thus, addressing global environmental challenges requires a widespread switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Renewable energy reduces GHG emissions, extreme weather, and climate change while boosting energy efficiency. Indonesia ranks among Asia-Pacific's top five renewable energy producers. Indonesia, a vast country with abundant natural resources, has seen a rise in renewable energy demand as consumption has increased. Thus, this study examines Indonesia's renewable and sustainable energy technologies' existing position, possibilities, and future improvements. With 420 gigawatts (GW) of theoretical renewable energy capacity, Indonesia has great potential. This capacity includes 208 GW of solar, 75 GW of hydro, 61 GW of wind, 33 GW of biofuel, 24 GW of geothermal, and 19 GW of micro-hydro. The need to increase renewable energy consumption in Indonesia is driven by environmental and economic growth laws. This review study is expected to guide future research on renewable energy technology in Indonesia. This study would guide energy-related policies, particularly renewable energy ones, to meet future demands and goals.
Effect of Cerivastatin on Permeability of Lipid-raft-mimetic Membranes
Authors: Park Jin-Won
Published: September 2023

The effect of cerivastatin (CER) on the permeability of lipid-raft-mimetic membrane was investigated. CER is a drug candidate to treat dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Sphingomyelin (SM) was used to form the outer layer of liposomes of which inner layer was prepared with dioleoylphosphatidic-acid. The permeability of the SM layer was estimated by measuring the release of the pyranine encapsulated in the liposome. The change of the permeability was analyzed with the presence of CER dispersion in PBS buffer, especially its hydrophobic group. The results of this study seem to be useful in deriving the drug candidate for cardiovascular disease.