bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing A Group Model Building Causal Loop Diagram to Understand Millennial Generation Trust in Twitter as Early Warning System for Natural Disaster
Authors: Arini Hilya Mudrika , Lathifah Nurul , Ananda Fina
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, Twitter is used as an Early Warning System (EWS) for disasters because of the speed and many users. Based on Asosiasi Penyedia Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII) data, in 2017, almost 50% of internet users in Indonesia are born in 1983-1998. They are called the millennial generation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the trust of millennials towards Twitter as an EWS. This study utilizes the conceptual model from System Dynamics named Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) to identify the factors and the causal relationship among millennials' factors to trust Twitter as an EWS. It involves ten participants from the millennial generation, consisting of five passive Twitter users and five active Twitter users. A semi-structured interview was conducted with all participants to build the initial CLD gathered from each participant's perspective. Afterward, the initial CLD was verified by all participants through Focus Group Discussion. A group model building CLD that represents the influencing factors and their causal relationship of millennial generation trust in Twitter as EWS for a natural disaster is successfully developed from this study. The tweet frequency, the number of followers, the account credibility, the verified account, the level of trust in social media, and the content quality are considered the underlying factors of active and passive users to trust in Twitter as an EWS natural disaster.
Children anxiety rating hospitalized using the tool child drawing: hospital / Avaliação da ansiedade de crianças escolares hospitalizadas utilizando o instrumento child drawing: hospital
Authors: Bezerra Rebeccah Camilo Oliveira , Santos Maiara Aurichio , Silva Sabrina Gisele Tobias da , Damião Elaine Buchhorn Cintra , Floriano Claudia Maria de Freitas
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: avaliar e verificar fatores que poderiam influenciar no grau de ansiedade em escolares hospitalizados. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em dois hospitais de São Paulo, no Pronto Socorro e Internação Pediátrica entre maio-outubro/2015 e outubro/2016-junho/2017. . Resultados: incluiu-se 87 crianças, sendo que a maioria apresentou baixo grau de ansiedade. A média do escore foi maior entre os meninos de 6 e 8 anos que foram internados por motivos crônicos. Conclusão: as crianças apresentaram escore de ansiedade baixo e não identificou-se fatores relacionados que poderiam influenciar o mesmo. Porém, avaliar a ansiedade vivenciada pela criança durante a hospitalização poderá antecipar medidas para minimizar os efeitos causados pela mesma.
Knowledge of community health agents on extremities trauma / Conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre trauma de extremidades
Authors: Da Silva Maria Rosivete Menezes , Dantas Gleydson Henrique de Oliveira , Dos Santos Sônia Maria Josino , De Arruda Aurilene Josefa Cartaxo Gomes , De Figueiredo Josefa Clotilde Alexandre
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Caracterizar o conhecimento dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde sobre trauma de extremidades. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, realizado a partir do banco de dados da pesquisa intitulada “Conhecimento de agentes comunitários de saúde sobre atendimento pré-hospitalar no suporte básico de vida - impacto das ações de extensão”. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário. A amostra foi composta por 15 agentes comunitários de saúde de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família Integrada em João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Analisaram-se os dados por meio de estatística descritiva e foram apresentados os resultados em tabelas. Resultados: Observa-se que a média de acertos no pós-teste sobre conhecimento no trauma de extremidades foi de 69,3%. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que o conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre traumas de extremidades, teve um aumento significativo após as intervenções educativas.
Tuberculosis treatment from the perspective of incarcerated individuals in a maximum security unit / Perspectiva do tratamento da tuberculose por pessoas privadas de liberdade em uma unidade de segurança máxima
Authors: Palmeira de Morais Jessica Lorena , Vasconcelos Rosenstock Karelline Izaltemberg , Lima Karinna de Abreu , Santana Jancelice dos Santos , Santos Lázaro dos , Vasconcelos Josilene de Melo Buriti
Published: May 2021

Objective: the objective of this study is to analize the challenges encountered and establish a directly observed tuberculosis treatment in a maximum security penitentiary. Method: a qualitative approach was adopted for the exploratory descriptive study. Results: the respondents’ contributions indicate an exclusionary environment for those diagnosed with tuberculosis and fear of cross contamination. Knowledge about the disease is minimal, but treatment is eagerly accepted. However, a multidisciplinary team is not available to continually accompany the directly observed treatment. Conclusion: in light of these findings it the implementation of effective health promotion, prevention and recuperation measure for the detainees have therefore become necessary.
Strategies and actions used by nurses against chronic renal patient sexuality: integrative review / Estratégias e ações utilizadas pelo enfermeiro frente à sexualidade do paciente renal crônico: revisão integrativa
Authors: Costa Tais Bonotto da , Donaduzzi Daiany Saldanha da Silveira , Rosanelli Cleci Lourdes Schmidt Piovesan , Fossá Carine Pereira , Schutz Thais Costa , Fettermann Fernanda Almeida
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: identificar na literatura as estratégias e ações utilizadas pelo enfermeiro na promoção da sexualidade de pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica. Método: Revisão integrativa, com abordagem qualitativa e coleta de dados nas bases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, no Banco de Dados em Enfermagem e no Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, utilizando os seguintes descritores: “Sexualidade” and “Doença Renal Crônica” and Enfermagem or Enfermeiro”. A busca resultou em 232 produções, sendo 12 selecionadas para análise. Resultados: As estratégias e ações utilizadas pelo enfermeiro estão relacionadas ao cuidado e à utilização do processo de enfermagem. Conclusão: A atuação do enfermeiro contribui para a promoção da assistência integral ao paciente renal crônico, em todas as dimensões do cuidado, abrangendo a sexualidade. Ao aplicar o processo de enfermagem é possível traçar um plano de cuidado conforme sua realidade e auxiliar para uma melhor qualidade de vida.
Validation of evaluating instrument for training nurses in cardiopulmonary resuscitation / Validação de instrumento avaliativo para capacitação de enfermeiros em ressuscitação cardiopulmonar
Authors: Mielli Glaucia , Machado Regimar Carla , De Oliveira Isabela Cristina , Dos Santos Thulssa Auxiliadora Gomes Medeiros , De Sant'Anna Ana Lúcia Gargione Galvão
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: validar critérios de um instrumento para avaliação da capacitação de enfermeiros em ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Método: estudo metodológico para validação de critério de um instrumento previamente validado quanto ao conteúdo. Realizou-se a aplicação de um instrumento pré e pós-teste de uma capacitação com 20 enfermeiros de um hospital do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Resultados: realizou-se a análise das respostas do pré e pós-teste sobre o entendimento dos participantes antes e após a realização de teoria atrelada a simulação sobre ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Foram avaliadas as variáveis objetividade, simplicidade, clareza e pertinência, destacando-se que os participantes concordaram que os critérios citados foram atendidos. Conclusão: o instrumento investigado possui relação com os padrões definidos, sendo comprovadamente validado. Ao utilizar-se deste instrumento durante a avaliação de capacitações em ressuscitação cardiopulmonar, as equipes de trabalho, alunos e pacientes serão beneficiados, garantindo a padronização e melhor efetividade no atendimento a PCR.
Quality of life and risk of depression in institutionalized elderly / Qualidade de vida e risco de depressão em idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Ratuchnei Erika dos Santos , Marquete Verônica Francisqueti , Prado Eleandro do , Costa Josane Rosenilda da , Seguraço Ricardo de Souza Campos , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e associação com qualidade de vida em idosos institucionalizados. Métodos: estudo descritivo realizado com idosos de duas instituições de longa permanência do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e setembro de 2018, mediante entrevista estruturada, utilizando o The World Health OrganizationQualityof Life (WHOQOL – bref) e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial no software R. Resultados: a maioria dos idosos (62%) tinha algum grau de sintomas depressivos - leve ou severo. A qualidade de vida apresentou correlação com características sociodemográficas, condição de saúde, estilo de vida e presença de sintomas depressivos. Conclusão: a prevalência de sintomas depressivo na amostra estudada foi alta, o que indica a necessidade de maior atenção para a saúde mental de idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência.
APLICATIVOS HIV/AIDS: UMA PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Costa Fermo Vivian , Vieira Tourinho Francis Solange , Ilha Schuelter Patricia , Jerônimo de Macedo Douglas Dyllon , Fávero Alves Thaís , Basto Fagundes Priscila
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: identificar aplicativos, disponíveis para a cultura brasileira, que promovam conhecimentos ou informações acercas do HIV/Aids. Método: estudo de prospecção tecnológica realizada através de pesquisa documental com abordagem qualitativa. Foi realizada a busca por aplicativos através de acesso as lojas virtuais Apple Store e Google Play em janeiro de 2019. Na estratégia de busca utilizou-se os termos: HIV e aids.  A organização dos dados foi realizada a partir de uma listagem com os aplicativos e suas características. Resultados: foram identificados 19 aplicativos na loja virtual Apple Store e 13 na Google Play. Em ambas as lojas virtuais foram identificados aplicativos voltados a população usuária dos sistemas de saúde, profissionais da saúde e população em geral, que promovem o acesso as informações relacionadas ao tema HIV/Aids. Considerações finais: os aplicativos apresentam potencial para contribuir no controle no HIV/aids no país através da abordagem a prevenção combinada.
Systematization of nursing care at the surgical center: perception of the nursing team / Sistematização da assistência de enfermagem no centro cirúrgico: percepção da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Batista Aldevane Martins , E Silva Julianna Oliveira , Mourão Iracema Santos Sousa , Ribeiro Chaves Rodson Glauber , Menezes Harlon França de , Santos Wenysson Noleto dos
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: avaliar a atuação e a percepção da equipe de enfermagem quanto a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem no centro cirúrgico de um hospital. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, documental, de abordagem mista, desenvolvido de janeiro a abril de 2019, em duas fases: análise de prontuários e entrevista com 14 profissionais de enfermagem. O cenário foi um centro cirúrgico de um hospital público no nordeste brasileiro. Organização dos dados pela análise estatística descritiva e análise temática. Resultados: a avaliação dos prontuários apontou que os registros da anamnese e exame físico são frágeis e em algumas fases não há registros da fase pré-operatória e pós-operatória. Verificou-se que para os profissionais o papel da equipe é prestar um cuidado holístico ao paciente e a fase mais dificultosa é a pós-operatória. Conclusão: a falta do planejamento para a implantação, execução e entendimento atrapalham o processo e dificulta uma assistência de qualidade ao paciente.
Anxious symptoms among studentes at a university on the franco brasilero frontier / Sintomas ansiosos entre estudantes de uma universidade na fronteira franco brasileiro
Authors: Carvalho Ianny de Araújo , Castelo Branco Fernanda Matos Fernandes , Silva Renan Alves
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de sintomas ansiosos em estudantes de uma universidade na fronteira franco brasileira. Método: estudo transversal e descritivo realizado com 233 estudantes de uma universidade localizada na fronteira franco brasileira, através de questionários com questões fechadas e aspectos relacionados ao Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck. Resultados: predomínio de adultos jovens (82,4%) com idade entre 20 a 40 anos, sexo feminino (58,6%), solteiros (51,9%), evangélicos (39,9%), realizam atividades curriculares em concomitância as remuneradas (59,7%). Inventário de Beck apontou, ansiedade mínima (67,2%), ansiedade leve (15,5%), ansiedade moderada (12,9%) e ansiedade severa (4,3%). Conclusão: os dados demonstram baixa prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade severa entre os estudantes, contudo considera imprescindível o cuidado e medidas preventivas que retardem ou impossibilitem o adoecimento mental dentre o público investigado.
Assessment of access to tuberculosis treatment from the perspective of users in primary care / Avaliação do acesso ao tratamento de tuberculose sob perspectiva dos usuários na atenção primária
Authors: Tôrres Müller Bruna Carolynne , Tôrres Müller Pammela Cristhynne , Da Silva Leticia de Almeida , Freitas Ananda Santos , Sousa Magalhães Magnólia de Jesus
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: avaliar o acesso ao tratamento em pessoas com Tuberculose na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, descritivo e observacional, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada na cidade de Caxias-Maranhão. Obteve-se uma amostra de 133 participantes, porém foram entrevistados 100 pacientes. Resultados: as maiores prevalências ocorreram em homens 55 (55%), com ensino fundamental incompleto 57 (57%). Percebeu-se também, que o acesso ao tratamento é centralizado e os indicadores geográficos foram considerados satisfatórios, como, realização do tratamento na unidade mais próxima 100 (100%), consulta médica em 24 horas 91 (91%), medicamentos 99 (99%), tempo menor de 60 minutos para se consultar 87 (87%). Conclusão: desta forma, este estudo demonstrou associação significativa em relação ao tratamento de tuberculose diante das variáveis de estudo. Portanto, garantir o acesso não é suficiente para o êxito do tratamento, refletindo a necessidade de novas estratégias que visem a promoção da saúde da população.
Panorama of health conditions in a female prison of northeast brazil / Panorama das condições de saúde de um presídio feminino do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Medeiros Marianny Moraes de , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira dos , Oliveira Karlayne Reynaux Vieira de , Silva Jéssica Kelly Alves Machado da , Silva Nathalya Anastácio dos Santos , Anunciação Bárbara Maria Gomes da
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: avaliar as condições de saúde de um presídio do nordeste. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório com delineamento de análise quantitativa, realizado no  Estabelecimento Prisional Feminino Santa Luzia, em Alagoas, com 151 mulheres em situação prisional. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado como instrumento um formulário estruturado. Utilizou a análise do tipo descritiva para a distribuição das variáveis. Resultados: mulheres com idade média de 31 anos, baixa escolaridade e solteiras. Verifica-se uso abusivo de tabaco, elevada prevalência de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e hipertensão arterial. Evidenciou-se uma baixa cobertura das ações de saúde. Conclusão: desta forma, as condições de saúde reveladas são importantes indicadores para implantação de ações mais eficazes para a mulher em situação prisional. Nesta perspectiva, evidencia-se a necessidade da criação, implementação e fiscalização de políticas públicas de saúde e sociais direcionada às particularidades femininas.
Sexuality of elderly people participating in a cohabitation center / Sexualidade de idosos participantes de um centro de convivência
Authors: Paes Oliveira Polyana Rakel de Souza , Queirós Pollyanna de Siqueira , Mendes Priscila Aguiar , Gaspar Vendramini Ana Carolina Macri
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: analisar o comportamento sexual de idosos participantes de um centro de convivência. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 91 idosos participantes de um centro de convivências em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso. A amostra foi de conveniência. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 2016, por meio de entrevista utilizando questionário estruturado. A análise foi descritiva. Resultados: 45,1%dos idosos têm vida sexual ativa, 95,1% têm desejo pelas práticas sexuais e 94,5% não faz uso de medidas preventivas para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. A maioria referiu dificuldades no ato sexual (82,9%) sendo as mais prevalentes o ressecamento vaginal(29,4%), ejaculação precoce(17,6%) e problemas na ereção (11,8%). A maioria dos idosos citou conhecer as seguintes IST: HIV/AIDS (67%), gonorreia (41,8%), papiloma vírus humano (HPV) (27,5%) e sífilis (22,0%). Conclusão: Os idosos apresentam dificuldades no ato sexual, não usam preservativos, porém,têm desejo sexual. Há necessidade de implementar intervenções para promoção da saúde sexual na velhice.
The pluripotency transcription factor OCT4 represses heme oxygenase‐1 gene expression
Authors: Petrone María Victoria , Toro Ayelén , Vazquez Echegaray Camila , Francia Marcos Gabriel , Solari Claudia , Cosentino Maria Soledad , Vazquez Elba , Guberman Alejandra
Published: May 2021

In embryonic stem (ES) cells, oxidative stress control is crucial for genomic stability, self‐renewal, and cell differentiation. Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) is a key player of the antioxidant system and is also involved in stem cell differentiation and pluripotency acquisition. We found that the HO‐1 gene is expressed in ES cells and induced after promoting differentiation. Moreover, downregulation of the pluripotency transcription factor (TF) OCT4 increased HO‐1 mRNA levels in ES cells, and analysis of ChIP‐seq public data revealed that this TF binds to the HO‐1 gene locus in pluripotent cells. Finally, ectopic expression of OCT4 in heterologous systems repressed a reporter carrying the HO‐1 gene promoter and the endogenous gene. Hence, this work highlights the connection between pluripotency and redox homeostasis.
Analogs of imine resveratrol alleviate oxidative stress‐induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells via activation of Nrf2
Authors: Zhang Yin , Wang Zhixiong , Yang Jiehong , He Yu , Wan Haitong , Li Chang
Published: May 2021

Oxidative stress is closely associated with neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Resveratrol and related compounds have shown great potential as antioxidants via either direct scavenging of abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) or activation of the Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1‐nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2‐antioxidant response elements pathway. In the present study, we evaluated imine resveratrol analogs (IRAs) for their neuroprotective effects against ROS in PC12 cells, which are a commonly employed model system for studies of neuronal development and function. We identified that IRA‐3 (4‐[[(4‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino]‐phenol) was more potent than resveratrol at rescuing PC12 cells from H2O2‐induced oxidative damage, exhibiting a recovery percentage of 60.4% at 50 μm. Our findings suggest that the neuroprotective effect of IRA‐3 was achieved via multiple routes, including direct scavenging of ROS, rescue of endogenous antioxidants and activation of the Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1‐nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2‐antioxidant response elements pathway. Our results suggest that IRA‐3 may have potential for development into a possible treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.
Effects of Shoe‐Stiffening Inserts on Lower Extremity Kinematics in Individuals With First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: McClelland Jodie A. , Allan Jamie J. , Auhl Maria , Buldt Andrew K. , Landorf Karl B. , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Roddy Edward , Menz Hylton B. , Munteanu Shannon E.
Published: May 2021

Objective

To examine the effects of shoe‐stiffening inserts on lower extremity kinematics in individuals with first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Forty‐eight individuals with radiographically confirmed first MTP joint OA (24 male and 24 female; mean ± SD age 57.8 ± 10.5 years) were randomized to receive either shoe‐stiffening inserts or sham inserts and underwent gait analysis during level walking using a 10‐camera infrared Vicon motion analysis system. Sagittal plane kinematics of the first MTP, ankle, knee, and hip joints were compared between the shoe only (control) and insert conditions in both groups (within‐groups) and between both insert conditions (between‐groups).

Results

Compared to the shoe only condition, the sham insert reduced knee flexion and total excursion, and the shoe‐stiffening insert reduced first MTP joint maximum dorsiflexion and ankle joint maximum plantarflexion, and increased maximum knee flexion and total excursion. Between‐group comparisons indicated that the shoe‐stiffening inserts significantly decreased first MTP joint maximum dorsiflexion, ankle joint maximum plantarflexion, and total excursion and increased knee joint maximum flexion and total excursion compared to the sham inserts.

Conclusion

Carbon fiber shoe‐stiffening inserts significantly alter sagittal plane lower extremity joint kinematics during walking, particularly first MTP joint maximum dorsiflexion. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms that may be responsible for their clinical effectiveness in the treatment of first MTP joint OA and potentially explain changes in symptoms in other lower extremity joints.
Factors Influencing Patient Decision‐Making Concerning Treatment Escalation in Raynaud’s Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Hughes Michael , Huang Suiyuan , Pauling John D. , Sabbagh Maya , Khanna Dinesh
Published: May 2021

Objective

To explore patient priorities and ranking of factors influencing patient decision‐making concerning treatment escalation in the management of Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) secondary to systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods

Patients with SSc were invited to participate in an online survey disseminated through patient‐led organizations and social media platforms.

Results

Responses from 747 individuals with self‐reported SSc‐RP were evaluable with broad international representation. The mean ± SD age (54.7 ± 12.1 years), clinical phenotype, and disease subsets distribution (limited cutaneous SSc [402 of 747, 53.8%], diffuse cutaneous SSc [260 of 747, 34.8%], and overlap disease [85 of 747, 11.4%]) were consistent with expected demographic information. Around one‐half (56.3%) of patients reported that their SSc‐RP symptoms were adequately controlled. The 5 highest ranked factors (of 13) that would prompt treatment escalation for SSc‐RP were as follows: 1) inability to use the fingers properly; 2) emergence of new digital ulcer on ≥1 fingers; 3) worsening pain or discomfort from RP; 4) more severe attacks; and 5) if it may help with internal problems. Despite symptoms not being adequately controlled, 47.1% were concerned about potential treatment side effects and were more likely to accept mild (~20–40%) versus severe (2%) side effects. Patients were open to different management strategies for uncontrolled RP that included adding new treatment in combination with existing treatment (52.8%), drug substitution (40.9%), increasing the current dose (28.8%), or focusing on nonpharmacologic approaches (29.7%).

Conclusion

We have identified the relative importance of different factors influencing patient preferences for treatment decision‐making regarding SSc‐RP. Side‐effect profiles influence acceptability of drug treatments, and many patients report a preference for nonpharmacologic management of SSc‐RP.
Allopurinol and Cardiovascular Events: Time‐Related Biases in Observational Studies
Authors: Suissa Samy , Suissa Karine , Hudson Marie
Published: May 2021

Objective

Several observational studies reported that allopurinol, an effective treatment for gout, was associated with important reductions in cardiovascular (CV) events, with calls for large, randomized trials, although some results were conflicting. The present study was undertaken to assess the extent of time‐related biases in these observational studies.

Methods

We searched the literature for all observational studies reporting on allopurinol and CV events, focusing on 2 time‐related biases. Time‐related confounding bias results from studies using cohorts of patients all exposed to allopurinol, with comparisons based on episodes of allopurinol discontinuation, where confounding factors are not updated over follow‐up time. Immortal time bias arises from the exposure misclassification of periods of cohort follow‐up during which the outcome under study cannot occur.

Results

We identified 12 studies, of which 8 were affected by time‐related confounding bias or immortal time bias, while the remaining 4 studies avoided these biases. The studies affected by time‐related confounding bias resulted in significant reductions in the incidence of CV events with allopurinol use (pooled hazard ratio [HR] 0.88 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.85–0.92]), as did the studies affected by immortal time bias (pooled HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.72–0.87]). The 4 studies that avoided these biases resulted in a pooled HR of 1.07 (95% CI 0.91–1.25).

Conclusion

Observational studies reporting significantly reduced incidence of CV events with allopurinol use were affected by time‐related biases. Overall, studies that avoided these biases did not find a protective effect. The ALL‐HEART randomized trial will provide important and accurate evidence on the potential effectiveness of allopurinol on CV outcomes.
Isolation, Behavioral Changes, and Low Seroprevalence of SARS–CoV‐2 Antibodies in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ammitzbøll Christian , Andersen Jakob Bøgh , Vils Signe Risbøl , Mistegaard Clara Elbæk , Mikkelsen Susan , Erikstrup Christian , Thomsen Marianne Kragh , Hauge Ellen‐Margrethe , Troldborg Anne
Published: May 2021

Objective

Patients with chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), require special attention during the COVID‐19 pandemic as they are considered at risk of severe infections. Our objective was to assess the seroprevalence of SARS–CoV‐2 in patients with SLE and RA and to assess patient behavior, disease‐related symptoms, and mental health.

Methods

More than 900 participants were included: 405 patients with RA or SLE (CRD patients) and 513 blood donors. All participants had blood SARS–CoV‐2 total antibodies measured (sensitivity 96.7%, specificity 99.5%) and answered a questionnaire concerning behavior, anxiety, and symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9). The CRD patients were further asked about physical activity, adherence to medication, and disease‐related symptoms.

Results

CRD patients had a significantly lower seroprevalence of SARS–CoV‐2 antibodies (n = 1 of 365, 0.3%) compared to blood donors (n = 10 of 513, 1.9%; P = 0.03). Almost 60% of patients were unable to exercise as usual, and increased pain and disease activity was experienced by 34% and 24% of patients, respectively. Almost 10% of patients reduced or discontinued their immunosuppressive treatments at their own initiative. Symptoms of moderate depression were present in 19% of patients compared to 6.8% of blood donors (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Low seroprevalence in patients with CRDs indicates successful mitigation of exposure to SARS–CoV‐2. However, this mitigation appears to occur at the expense of physical activity, experience of increased pain, disease activity, and symptoms of depression. There is a need for care providers to be aware of these negative side effects and for further studies to investigate the possible long‐term consequences.
Ethnicity and Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Israel
Authors: Niznik Stanley , Rapoport Micha J. , Avnery Orly , Ellis Martin H. , Hajyahia Soad , Agmon‐Levin Nancy
Published: May 2021

Objective

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired coagulopathy associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Whether ethnicity modulates APS clinical course is not known. The aim of our study was to assess the interplay of ethnicity and APS in Israel.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated the ethnic distribution of APS patients from 3 medical centers in Israel compared to the general population. Ethnic groups were defined according to the Israeli Bureau of Statistics as Ashkenazi (European), former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), North African, Asian (West Asia, Greece, and Turkey), Israeli Arab individuals, and others.

Results

Our cohort included 382 patients. The prevalence of Ashkenazi and Asian ethnicities was more pronounced (33% versus 12.8% and 15.4% versus 7.7%, respectively; P < 0.001), while Israeli Arabs were less represented (5.2% versus 31.1%; P < 0.001) relative to their part in the general population. Arab patients were younger at presentation (mean ± SD 28 ± 10 years versus 34 ± 13 years; P < 0.001) and were more likely to present with venous thrombosis (50% versus 35%; P = 0.037) and to suffer from venous thrombotic recurrence (45% versus 16%; P < 0.001) compared to other ethnicities. Mortality was higher among patients of Asian ethnic origin (8.8% versus 1.1%; P = 0.005); intriguingly, this group experienced cardiovascular risk factors more often (i.e., dyslipidemia and hypertension).

Conclusion

Ethnicity may affect the prevalence and/or natural course of APS, which is less prevalent and differs clinically in Israeli Arab patients, while mortality was linked with Asian ethnicity.
Immersion Testing of Variously Coated Ceramic Foam Filters in an AZ91 Magnesium Melt
Authors: Schramm Alina , Recksiek Volker , Dudczig Steffen , Scharf Christiane , Aneziris Christos G.
Published: May 2021

Herein, the aim is to investigate the applicability of various ceramic foam filter materials in the filtration of magnesium alloy melts. The durability of ceramic foam filters is studied throughout their immersion in an AZ91 melt for up to 60 min at 680 °C. The four selected types of ceramic foam samples consist of ZrO2, uncoated Al2O3‐C and Al2O3‐C coated in MgAlON or Al2O3. Immersion tests are conducted for 5–60 min in a vertical tube furnace in an Ar/SF6 protective atmosphere. After their immersion, the cooled filters are evaluated by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Every filter sample retrieved from the melt is intact; layers of MgO and occasional metal droplets are found on their surfaces, confirming their durability and applicability in the filtration of magnesium melts. The pre‐ and post‐immersion cross sections of the AZ91 samples are evaluated by means of an automatic SEM to assess the presence of inclusions in the metal. The number of inclusions containing oxygen or nitrogen is notably lower for AZ91 samples that were in contact with Al2O3‐C‐, Al2O3‐, or MgAlON‐coated filters, showing the potential of these materials for the filtration of magnesium alloy melts.
Controllable Patterning of Porous MXene (Ti3C2) by Metal‐Assisted Electro‐Gelation Method
Authors: Tu Tingting , Liang Bo , Zhang Shanshan , Li Tianyu , Zhang Bin , Xu Shiyi , Mao Xiyu , Cai Yu , Fang Lu , Ye Xuesong
Published: May 2021

Since discovered in 2011, transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXenes) have attracted enormous attention due to their unique properties. Morphology regulation strategies assembling 2D MXene sheets into 3D architecture have endowed the as‐formed porous MXene with a better performance in various fields. However, the direct patterning strategy for the porous MXene into integration with multifunctional and multichannel electronic devices still needs to be investigated. The metal‐assisted electro‐gelation method the authors propose can directly generate porous‐structured MXene hydrogel with a tunable feature. By electrolyzing the sacrificial metal, the released metal cations initiate the electro‐gelation process during which electrostatic interactions occur between cations and the MXene sheets. A high spatial resolution down to micro‐meter level is achieved utilizing the method, enabling high‐performance hydrogels with more complex architectures. Electronics prepared through this metal‐assisted electro‐gelation process have shown promising applications of the porous MXene in energy and biochemical sensing fields. Energy storage devices with a capacitance at 33.3 mF cm−2 and biochemical sensors show prominent current responses towards metabolites (sensitivity of H2O2: 165.6 µA mm−1 cm−2; sensitivity of DA: 212 nA µm−1 cm−2), suggesting that the metal‐assisted electro‐gelation method will become a prospective technique for advanced fabrication of MXene‐based devices.
I3–/I– Redox Enhanced Sodium Metal Batteries by Using Graphene Oxide Encapsulated Mesoporous Carbon Sphere Cathode
Authors: Hu Xudong , Zhao Yang , Yoo Seung Joon , Li Xin , Zeng Xiaojun , Zheng Chunming , Sun Xiaohong , Stucky Galen D.
Published: May 2021

Sodium‐metal batteries (SMBs) employing transition‐metal‐free cathodes are of great importance for energy storage applications that require low cost and high energy density. A strategy to enhance the energy density of transition‐metal‐free‐cathode SMBs by transforming the electrolyte from a dead mass to an energy‐storage contributor is reported. NaI is used for the partial substitution of NaClO4 in the electrolyte and thus provides the additional electrochemistry of I3−/I− redox couple to enhance battery performance. Graphene oxide (GO) encapsulated mesoporous (10 nm) carbon spheres (N‐MCS@GO) that are nitrogen‐doped (15.71 at%) are fabricated as the cathode for the I3−/I− redox enhanced SMBs. It is experimentally demonstrated that: the mesoporous structure increases the capacitive energy storage by providing a substantial interface that enhances the electrochemistry of I3−/I− redox couples; and encapsulation of the mesoporous carbon spheres with GO suppresses self‐discharge and increases Coulombic efficiencies from 70.4% to 91.9%. In full‐cell configuration, N‐MCS@GO working with the NaI‐activated electrolyte can deliver a capacity of 279.6 mAh g−1 with an energy density of 459.2 Wh kg−1 in 0.5–3 V at 200 mA g−1. I3−/I− redox in the full cell maintains its activity without obvious decay after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1, highlighting the practical application of the I3−/I− redox enhanced SMBs.
A Stair‐Building Strategy for Tailoring Mechanical Behavior of Re‐Customizable Metamaterials
Authors: Lin Xin , Pan Fei , Yang Kang , Guan Juan , Ding Bin , Liu Yizhe , Yang Kuijian , Liu Bin , Chen Yuli
Published: May 2021

Re‐customizable mechanical behavior is critical for versatile materials with tunable functions and applications, but inverse design for varying targets is often hindered by complex coupling between structural topologies and mechanics. In this work, a novel “stair‐building” strategy for customizing as well as re‐customizing target mechanical behavior for mechanical metamaterials is proposed. Similar to building a stair with bricks, customizing or re‐customizing a target stress–strain (force–displacement) curve for the material can be realized by stacking the brick‐like loading curves of bistable units visually. The mechanical feasibility of the “stair‐building” strategy is firstly physically realized in a type of array‐structured multistable mechanical metamaterial and then carefully verified by theoretical mechanics analysis. Accordingly, three specific simple design schemes are further proposed for implementation. The “stair‐building” strategy is proved to be rapid, effective, and accurate for mechanical behavior customization by both experiments and finite element simulations. Moreover, re‐customization for diverse mechanical behaviors in a wide range can be realized by the same piece of metamaterial. This design strategy provides a novel approach for tailoring metamaterials with re‐customizable target mechanical behaviors and applies to a variety of bistable units.
Cu/Cu2O Interconnected Porous Aerogel Catalyst for Highly Productive Electrosynthesis of Ethanol from CO2
Authors: Kim Chansol , Cho Kyeong Min , Park Kangho , Kim Ju Ye , Yun Geun‐Tae , Toma Francesca M. , Gereige Issam , Jung Hee‐Tae
Published: May 2021

Use of Cu and Cu+ is one of the most promising approaches for the production of C2 products by the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) because it can facilitate CO2 activation and CC dimerization. However, the selective electrosynthesis of C2+ products on Cu0Cu+ interfaces is critically limited due to the low electrocatalytic production of ethanol relative to ethylene. In this study, a novel porous Cu/Cu2O aerogel network is introduced to afford high ethanol productivity by the electrocatalytic CO2RR. The aerogel is synthesized by a simple chemical redox reaction of a precursor and a reducing agent. CO2RR results reveal that the Cu/Cu2O aerogel produces ethanol as the major product, exhibiting a Faradaic efficiency (FEEtOH) of 41.2% and a partial current density (JEtOH) of 32.55 mA cm−2 in an H‐cell reactor. This is the best electrosynthesis performance for ethanol production reported thus far. Electron microscopy and electrochemical analysis results reveal that this dramatic increase in the electrosynthesis performance for ethanol can be attributed to a large number of Cu0Cu+ interfaces and an increase of the local pH in the confined porous aerogel network structure with a high‐surface‐area.
Defect Dominated Hierarchical Ti‐Metal‐Organic Frameworks via a Linker Competitive Coordination Strategy for Toluene Removal
Authors: Jin Jie , Li Ping , Chun Do Hyung , Jin Bingjun , Zhang Kan , Park Jong Hyeok
Published: May 2021

Constructing a hierarchically porous structure in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can improve the accessibility of active sites and facilitate mass diffusion to enhance their adsorption and catalytic efficiency. Here, a novel linker competitive coordination strategy based on the electronegativity difference of two kinds of organic linkers is proposed to tailor the porous structure of Ti‐MOF (MIL‐125). A series of Ti‐MOFs with continuously tunable hierarchical porosity is obtained by simply adjusting the molar ratios of two organic linkers. The demonstration of toluene removal shows that the competitive coordination strategy not only contributes to wide pore size distribution to enhance the adsorption performance of toluene, but also endows good charge separation ability to facilitate photocatalytic performance. Finally, the toluene removal efficiency of optimal Ti‐MOF with mixed organic linkers of 1:1 molar ratio is 2.14 times and 1.88 times of the pristine MIL‐125 and MIL‐125(NH2), respectively. This strategy opens a new prospect to optimize Ti‐MOF properties for various heterogeneous catalysis applications.
HCl‐Based Hydrothermal Etching Strategy toward Fluoride‐Free MXenes
Authors: Wang Changda , Shou Hongwei , Chen Shuangming , Wei Shiqiang , Lin Yunxiang , Zhang Pengjun , Liu Zhanfeng , Zhu Kefu , Guo Xin , Wu Xiaojun , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Song Li
Published: May 2021

Due to their ultrathin layered structure and rich elemental variety, MXenes are emerging as a promising electrode candidate in energy generation and storage. MXenes are generally synthesized via hazardous fluoride‐containing reagents from robust MAX materials, unfortunately resulting in plenty of inert fluoride functional groups on the surface that noticeably decline their performance. Density functional theory calculations are used to show the etching feasibility of hydrochloric acid (HCl) on various MAX phases. Based on this theoretical guidance, fluoride‐free Mo2C MXenes with high efficiency about 98% are experimentally demonstrated. The Mo2C electrodes produced by this process exhibit high electrochemical performance in supercapacitors and sodium‐ion batteries owing to the chosen surface functional groups created via the HCl etch process. This strategy enables the development of fluoride‐free MXenes and opens a new window to explore their potential in energy‐storage applications.
Behavioral and cognitive functioning in individuals with Cantú syndrome
Authors: Roessler Helen I. , van der Heuvel Lieke M. , Shields Kathleen , Guilliams Kristin P. , Knoers Nine V. A. M. , van Haaften Gijs , Grange Dorothy K. , van Haelst Mieke M.
Published: May 2021

Cantú syndrome (CS) is caused by pathogenic variants in ABCC9 and KCNJ8 encoding the regulatory and pore‐forming subunits of ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. CS is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, distinctive facial features, peripheral edema, and cardiac and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Behavioral and cognitive issues have been self‐reported by some CS individuals, but results of formal standardized investigations have not been published. To assess the cognitive profile, social functioning, and psychiatric symptoms in a large group of CS subjects systematically in a cross‐sectional manner, we invited 35 individuals (1–69 years) with confirmed ABCC9 variants and their relatives to complete various commonly applied standardized age‐related questionnaires, including the Kaufman brief intelligence test 2, the social responsiveness scale‐2, and the Achenbach system of empirically based assessment. The majority of CS individuals demonstrated average verbal and nonverbal intelligence compared to the general population. Fifteen percent of cases showed social functioning strongly associated with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Both externalizing and internalizing problems were also present in this cohort. In particular, anxiety, anxiety or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum behaviors were predominantly observed in the younger subjects in the cohort (≥25%), but this percentage decreased markedly in adults.
Novel findings and expansion of phenotype in a mosaic RASopathy caused by somatic KRAS variants
Authors: Chang Caitlin A. , Perrier Renee , Kurek Kyle C. , Estrada‐Veras Juvianee , Lehman Anna , Yip Stephen , Hendson Glenda , Diamond Carol , Pinchot Jason W. , Tran Jennifer M. , Arkin Lisa M. , Drolet Beth A. , Napier Melanie P. , O'Neill Sarah A. , Balci Tugce B. , Keppler‐Noreuil Kim M.
Published: May 2021

Mosaic KRAS variants and other RASopathy genes cause oculoectodermal, encephalo‐cranio‐cutaneous lipomatosis, and Schimmelpenning‐Feuerstein‐Mims syndromes, and a spectrum of vascular malformations, overgrowth and other associated anomalies, the latter of which are only recently being characterized. We describe eight individuals in total (six unreported cases and two previously reported cases) with somatic KRAS variants and variably associated features. Given the findings of somatic overgrowth (in seven individuals) and vascular or lymphatic malformations (in eight individuals), we suggest mosaic RASopathies (mosaic KRAS variants) be considered in the differential diagnosis for individuals presenting with asymmetric overgrowth and lymphatic or vascular anomalies. We expand the association with embryonal tumors, including the third report of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, as well as novel findings of Wilms tumor and nephroblastomatosis in two individuals. Rare or novel findings in our series include the presence of epilepsy, polycystic kidneys, and T‐cell deficiency in one individual, and multifocal lytic bone lesions in two individuals. Finally, we describe the first use of targeted therapy with a MEK inhibitor for an individual with a mosaic KRAS variant. The purposes of this report are to expand the phenotypic spectrum of mosaic KRAS‐related disorders, and to propose possible mechanisms of pathogenesis, and surveillance of its associated findings.
Community service sector resilience and responsiveness during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The Australian experience
Authors: Coram Veronica , Louth Jonathon , Tually Selina , Goodwin‐Smith Ian
Published: May 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic is a public health, economic and social crisis that is likely to have lasting consequences, including increased rates of financial hardship, housing insecurity, mental health problems, substance abuse and domestic violence. Workers in the community service sector have continued to support some of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged Australians during the pandemic, while also delivering services to new groups experiencing the economic impacts of virus suppression strategies. We surveyed community service sector workers from across Australia in three snapshots during April–May 2020 and found that perceptions of acute needs and organisational pressure points shifted even through this short period. While the sector faced significant challenges, it responded to the initial phase of the pandemic with flexibility, a strongly client‐centred approach and a re‐emphasis on collaboration between services. The community service sector's demonstrated capacity for agility and rapid adaptation suggests it is well placed to provide critical supports to those affected by crisis situations and everyday disadvantage. However, the sector's capacity to perform this role effectively depends on strong, stable government supports for all Australians in need.
Prevalence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jäkel Lieke , De Kort Anna M. , Klijn Catharina J.M. , Schreuder Floris H.B.M. , Verbeek Marcel M.
Published: May 2021

Reported prevalence estimates of sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) vary widely. CAA is associated with cognitive dysfunction and intracerebral hemorrhage, and linked to immunotherapy‐related side‐effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given ongoing efforts to develop AD immunotherapy, accurate estimates of CAA prevalence are important. CAA can be diagnosed neuropathologically or during life using MRI markers including strictly lobar microbleeds. In this meta‐analysis of 170 studies including over 73,000 subjects, we show that in patients with AD, CAA prevalence based on pathology (48%) is twice that based on presence of strictly lobar cerebral microbleeds (22%); in the general population this difference is three‐fold (23% vs 7%). Both methods yield similar estimated prevalences of CAA in cognitively normal elderly (5% to 7%), in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (19% to 24%), and in patients with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (50% to 57%). However, we observed large heterogeneity among neuropathology and MRI protocols, which calls for standardized assessment and reporting of CAA.