bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological spatial restoration in Gannan Prefecture based on the coupling of ecological security pattern and ecological problems
Authors: Yang Xuelian
Published: February 2025

Ecological fragmentation, resource depletion, soil erosion and other problems have a significant impact on the ecosystem. Ecological restoration helps to maintain and enhance the service function of the ecosystem. How to fully implement territorial space restoration and maintain regional sustainable development is a key issue in the identification and construction of ecological space restoration. Taking Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as the research object, this paper discusses the ecological spatial restoration strategy under the coupling of ecological security pattern and ecological problems. Firstly, ecological remote sensing index and morphological spatial pattern analysis were used to identify ecological sources, ecological resistance surfaces and ecological corridors, and then the ecological security pattern was constructed. At the same time, based on the concept of "mountain, water, forest, farmland, lake, grass and sand", ecological problem areas are identified by constructing ecological problem index (EPI). Then the spatial superposition coupling and regional coordination coupling are carried out between the ecological security pattern and the ecological problem region. Finally, the paper puts forward a multi-directional restoration strategy of "point-line-plane", including ecological source protection, ecological corridor construction and ecological problem area restoration, in order to promote the ecological sustainable development of Gannan Prefecture.
BANGKAY NI FORTUN
Authors: Osias Ronel
Published: February 2025

Sa gitna ng mga banta, matapang na nagagawa ni Dr. Raquel Fortun ang pagsisiwalat nang tunay na dahilan ng kamatayan ng mga ilang biktima ng “Giyera Kontra Droga” ni Rodrigo Duterte. Lumalantad sa kaniyang pagsisiyasat sa mga labí ang wala sa mga dokumentong inilalabas ng awtoridad. Siya lamang ang natatanging pathologist na nagsusuri sa mga ganitong kaso sa ating bansa, kaya naman hindi maikakailang nasa kaniya ang atensyon ng mga kapulisan sa tuwing darating na sa kaniyang mga kamay ang pagkakataong tingnan ang mga bankay.

Pagtatangka ang koleksyong ito sa mga danas ni Fortun, hindi na masasabing tagpo ng mga biktima, at ang mga dagdag na bigat sa bawat pagtuklas. Binubuo sa tula ang mga alaala ng nawala, gayundin, magsilbing ugong sa mga tinig na naikulong sa dibdib na api.
PARA KAY NAJWA
Authors: Alvarez Stefani
Published: February 2025

Kabilang ito sa higit dalawang daang maiiksing akda sa “Mahal Kong Sol”, isang serye ng tila talaarawan at liham para kay ‘Sol,’ isang inilarawang personipikasyon ng 254-taon na kastilyo ng Akademie Schloss Solitude— ang international fellowship sa Stuttgart kung saan naging artist-in- residence ako noong Abril 2023 hanggang Enero 2024. Ang mga liham na ito ay maaaring isang pahayag tungkol sa pag-iisa at pagiging diaspora, at bilang pakikiisa sa Palestina, at sa mga dahilan kung bakit ko piniling magsulat. Inihahandog ko rin ito sa naging kaibigan kong Palestinang makata at aktibista na si Najwa Juma na kasalukuyang refugee sa Alemanya.
TRABAHO, TRABAHO LANG: ANG PAGPAPAIKLI SA HABA NG TRABAHO BILANG PANIMULANG HAKBANG TUNGO SA UTOPIA
Authors: Eliserio U Z.
Published: February 2025

Tinatalakay ng papel na ito ang pananaw sa paggawa ni Nietzsche at inihahambing ito sa iba’t ibang teksto mula sa Latina Amerika at Pilipinas. Gamit ang mga gawa nina Luna Sicat-Cleto, Jun Cruz Reyes, Rolando Tolentino, at Ramon Guillermo, sinisiyasat sa papel ang penomenon ng trabaho. Binabatikos dito ang pagtingin sa trabaho bilang batis ng kahulugan at kasiyahan sa buhay at tinatalakay ang utopian na ideya ng pagpapaikli ng oras ng trabaho sa isang kritikal na diyalogo sa akdang Overtime nina Stronge at Lewis. Ang trabaho mismo, ang pangangailangang magtrabaho para mabuhay, ang problema, kahit na ang trabaho ay magaan at masaya.

This paper discusses Nietzsche's perspective on labor and compares it with various texts from Latin America and the Philippines. Utilizing the works of Luna Sicat-Cleto, Jun Cruz Reyes, Rolando Tolentino, and Ramon Guillermo, the paper examines the phenomenon of work. It critiques the view of work as a source of meaning and fulfillment in life and engages in a critical dialogue with Stronge and Lewis's work Overtime to explore the utopian idea of reducing working hours. The paper argues that work itself—the necessity to labor in order to live—is the problem, even if the work is light and enjoyable.
OF TEXT, STYLE, AND METHOD: EDEL GARCELLANO’S DIALECTICAL CRITICISM
Authors: Villafuerte Jesus Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

In his essay entitled Philippine Hermeneutics and the Kingpins of the Hill poet, fictionist, and critic Edel Garcellano talks about the “depoliticization of literary discourse” which, he says, serves as “a strategic/tactical interpellation to allow certain modes of unity and, in effect, certain philosophies to function as though literature were outside social, economic and political imperatives in human discourses” (59). This line underscores not only the apparent failure of dominant modes of critical practice to address exigent literary issues but also the systematic marginalization of Marxist/ dialectical criticism in favor of the “non-ideological” methods of textual analysis such as American Formalism/New Criticism whose logic of operation is best exemplified in T.S. Eliot’s essay The Function of Criticism (1923), where he explains that the role of the critic is “the elucidation of works of art and the correction of taste” (24). French philosopher and literary theorist Pierre Macherey, in his book, A Theory of Literary Production, calls those who share Eliot’s dictum as “technicians of taste,” and exposes a fundamental flaw in the interventions of critics who perform their textual readings with the idea of correcting artistic taste in mind, primarily, by sticking to defining and explicating, they necessarily fail to engage in the production of knowledge: “in the attempt to define the average realities of taste they are always inevitably mistaken because their work evades rationality and does not produce a knowledge in the strict sense of the word” (14). Furthermore, Macherey argues that such a form of criticism “treats literature as a commodity” and hence, could only but establish “rules of consumption” (14).

While Edel Garcellano was not the first and certainly not the last critic to go against the New Critical tide and combat the critical formulations of the so called “technicians of taste,” his sustained engagements with the works of the leading proponents of belles lettres is significant because his critiques take the form of highly theoretical, politically reflexive, and most of the time defiant and belligerent critical essays that sadly elicited from his contemporaries not similarly theoretical ripostes but outright silence.

This paper is an attempt to engage with Garcellano’s critical oeuvre by examining the following: his notion of the text (the object of literary analysis) vis-a-vis the formalist notion of the text, the writing style prevalent in his works, and the possibility that as a committed critic who has produced four books of criticism in his more than three decades of practice, a programmatic method of literary criticism could be derived from his critical project which could help guide the new generation of literary critics and even casual readers in their foray into the locus of literary production and interpretation.
CHARTING (ART AND OTHER CULTURAL) COLLECTIVES: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND A FEW RAW THINGS ABOUT THE DYNAMICS OF COLLECTIVIZING
Authors: Garcellano Lyra
Published: February 2025

“Collectives” are DIY complex soupy fares presented in diverse styles of utopian imaginations and occasions. Ideally, they function as alternative sources of nourishment often produced as a healthy counter to prevailing power structures that leave us either hungry or stuffed with a diet empty in nutritional value.
High Antenatal Attendance, Low Facility Delivery: Assessment of Factors Influencing Facility Delivery in a University Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Issah Zorro Ruhaima , Baba Amadu
Published: February 2025

In Ghana, though there has been a decline in maternal mortality from 760 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 319 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2015, it is still very high. Complications that may arise from pregnancy are impossible to predict. Thus, World Health Organization (WHO) duly recommends delivery by a skilled birth attendant (SBA). This study is to access the factors contributing to the high ANC coverage, but low facility delivery in the Tamale Technical University Hospital. The study used analytical cross-sectional design to include 293 pregnant women attending ANC at Ta TU Hospital. Using simple random SPSS version 26 and STATA version 17 was used for data entry and analysis. The demographic characteristics of the respondents was analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency and percentages. Logistic regression used to determine the factors contributing high ANC coverage but low skilled delivery. Age, education, previous pregnancy experience, presence of medical professionals, the desire to avoid complications, and the desire to reduce waiting time and medication costs were all found to be significant(p<0.001) Age, education, and previous pregnancy experience play significant roles in the preference for delivering at the hospital. Factors such as the presence of medical professionals, the desire to avoid complications, and the desire to reduce waiting time and medication costs are associated with a higher likelihood of choosing Ta TU Hospital for delivery. However, the study also identifies challenges in accessing the hospital during labor and highlights concerns related to staff confidence, cost, and facility resources as reasons for choosing alternative delivery locations. These findings indicate a need for improved healthcare infrastructure, staff training, and cost-related support to encourage facility-based deliveries.
A Study on Interest in Co-Curricular Activities, Social Maturity, and School Adjustment to the Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students
Authors: Sudha  , Vishnu.M.Shinde
Published: February 2025

This study examines how social maturity, school adjustment, and interest in Co-Curricular activities relate to one another and how they affect secondary school students' academic achievement in the Vijayapur district. Data were gathered from 646 students chosen by stratified random sampling using a descriptive survey methodology. These students represented a variety of demographics, including urban and rural areas, government and private schools, and Kannada and English-medium schools. The factors were measured using standardised instruments, including the School Adjustment Scale, the Social Maturity Scale, and the Interest in Co-Curricular Activities Scale. The results show notable variations among demographic groups. While the differences in school adjustment were not statistically significant, urban children showed greater interest in Co-Curricular activities and social maturity than their rural counterparts. Students attending private schools performed better in each of the three characteristics in contrast to pupils at government schools. In a similar vein, Students  who were taught in English outperformed Kannada students in every category. Significant interaction effects between these characteristics and academic achievement were revealed by statistical analysis, which included independent t-tests. Notably, students who attended private schools and learned English demonstrated better academic achievement, which was associated with increased social maturity, engagement in Co-Curricular activities, and school adaptability. These findings highlight how crucial it is to promote social growth, co-curricular involvement, and successful school adaption techniques to improve academic results. In order to create focused interventions that support holistic development and fair educational opportunities across a range of demographic circumstances, educators and policymakers should take note of the study's important implications.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Marques - Fortaleza, CE (Brasil) Janote Pires
Published: February 2025

.A revista Educação & Ensino, vinculada ao Centro Universitário Ateneu (UniAteneu), tem como objetivo publicar artigos científicos voltados para a pesquisa nos campos do ensino e da educação. A revista avaliada pela Capes com Qualis B1 nas áreas de Educação e Interdisciplinar, e constitui espaço para abordar a educação em suas múltiplas interfaces com as áreas do conhecimento e valoriza pesquisas que colaborem na articulação teoria e prática na formação profissional inicial e continuada. O periódico também se propõe a promover a interdisciplinaridade e a veicular pesquisas sobre o ensino e a transmissão de saberes em espaços escolares e não escolares.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA E A AVALIAÇÃO FORMATIVA
Authors: Fontenele Gilcéia Leite dos Santos , Dantas Otília Maria A. N. A. , Nascimento Rosângela da Vitória
Published: February 2025

Este estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa realizada em duas escolas públicas do Distrito Federal, visando compreender e discutir a relação entre a formação continuada dos professores e a avaliação formativa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, conforme os pressupostos teóricos de Lüdke e André (1986). O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a importância da formação continuada para a efetivação e consolidação da avaliação formativa em escolas de ensino fundamental I. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário on-line utilizando o Google Forms, com o WhatsApp como ferramenta de divulgação. Os participantes da pesquisa foram professores do ensino fundamental I. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio dos núcleos de significação propostos por Aguiar e Ozella (2006, 2013). Os resultados obtidos mostram que a formação continuada é crucial para o aprimoramento do trabalho pedagógico e processo avaliativo, pois ao longo da carreira os docentes enfrentam dificuldades didático-pedagógicas que precisam ser refletidas e sanadas para que o processo de ensino-aprendizagem atenda às demandas de uma sociedade em constante evolução.
TORÉM
Authors: Melo Pedro Italo Uchôa de , Rangel João  Paulo de Oliveira , Gomes Daniel Pinto , Pinto Arliene Stephanie Menezes Pereira
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho de pesquisa objetiva analisar uma experiência pedagógica intercultural que teve como foco o Torém, dança sagrada do povo indígena Tremembé. As atividades em tela ocorreram nas aulas de Educação Física com discentes do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental anos iniciais. O lócus é a Escola Municipal Dom Helder Câmara, escola pública localizada na cidade de Fortaleza, estado do Ceará. Para tal, a metodologia utilizada é de abordagem qualitativa, a partir do método descritivo e do tipo relato de experiência. A narrativa parte de uma perspectiva pedagógica decolonial com a tematização da Unidade Temática Danças, e objeto do conhecimento Danças de matriz indígena e africana da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). A experiência pedagógica foi dividida em três fases, quais sejam: a contextualização teórica da dança do Torém, seguida da vivência prática e por fim um círculo de debate. Nesta experiência pedagógica a vivência gerou um envolvimento significativo dos discentes, em que observou-se uma participação ativa nas atividades e um aumento do interesse em aprender mais sobre a cultura indígena e a reflexão sobre suas identidades.
A randomized controlled interventional study for analgesic effects of intrathecal versus intravenous dexmedetomidine on subarachnoid anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine
Authors: Manu Dadhwal  , Anupama Gupta  , Ajay Kurian
Published: February 2025

Background: Various pharmacologic agents such as opioids, benzodiazepines, ketamine, and alpha2 adrenergic agonists are commonly used to increase the duration of subarachnoid block. Alpha2 agonists have analgesia and sedative properties when used as adjuvant in regional anesthesia. Stable hemodynamics and decreased oxygen requirement due to enhanced sympathoadrenal stability make them very useful adjuvants.
Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the effects of intrathecal versus intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine on the block, characteristics, and sedation in patients receiving subarachnoid block with hyperbaric bupivacaine.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective, randomized controlled, double-blind study total of 90 patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I and II were randomly allocated into three groups: Group A (n=30) received IV 20 mL 0.9% NaCl over 10 min followed by intrathecal 2.4 mL 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine+0.2 mL normal saline, group B (n=30) received IV 20 mL 0.9% NaCl over 10 min followed by intrathecal 2.4 mL 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine+0.2 mL (5 mcg) dexmedetomidine, and group C (n=30) received IV dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg in 20 mL 0.9% NaCl over 10 min followed by intrathecal 2.4 mL 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine+0.2 mL normal saline.
Results: The mean time for two-segment regression in group A was 100.57±4.24 min, in group B it was 193.3±7.07 min, and in group C was 170.23±3.53 min. The duration of sensory and motor block was prolonged in groups B and C. The Visual analog scale scores were comparatively higher in group A than in groups B and C. The Sedation score in group C was significantly higher as compared to groups A and B.
Conclusion: Both intrathecal and IV dexmedetomidine prolong the effect of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine, improves post-operative analgesia, and provides arousable sedation without causing hemodynamic instability.
Correlation between antenatal and postnatal coiling index and its role in prediction of perinatal outcome: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ankita Kumari  , Vani Aditya  , Shaila Mitra  , Garima Maurya  , Pratima Sharma  , Harish Chandra Tiwari
Published: February 2025

Background: The umbilical cord has pivotal role in the development, well-being, and survival of fetus and is vulnerable to kinking, torsion, and compression affecting perinatal outcome adversely.
Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed to correlate the umbilical cord index measured antenatally using ultrasonography with that of the umbilical cord index measured postnatally and the association of this index with adverse fetal outcomes.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 124 antenatal cases of age group 18–35 years with term gestation with singleton pregnancy that attendant the outpatients department and indoor of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nehru Hospital B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur over a period of 1 year (2019–2020). After detailed history, examination, and required antenatal care investigations, Ultrasonographic examination was done and antenatal umbilical coiling index (UCI) was calculated. The cases were followed up till delivery and postnatal UCI was also calculated and fetomaternal outcome was noted. Statistical analysis: Appropriate tests were applied where ever necessary.
Results: The mean age was 25.71±4.30 years. The risk of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios was significantly high with antenatal and postnatal hypocoiling (P<0.001) whereas the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with antenatal and postnatal hypercoiling. The risk of low birth weight, preterm, low APGAR, neonatal intensive care unit admission and perinatal mortality were significantly high with postnatal hypocoiling (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: The present study concludes that abnormal UCI was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Quantification of degree of abnormal coiling in antepartum period is important.
Comparison of prophylactic topical application of Cryptomphalus aspersa secretion versus betamethasone for telecobalt radiation-induced skin reactions in locally advanced head and neck carcinoma patients
Authors: Ramashish Kumar  , Ashok Chauhan  , Sovan Sarang Dhar  , Nitish Kumar
Published: February 2025

Background: External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy is practiced as backbone of treatment across sites and subsites of head and neck cancer (HNC) when the intent is definitive. Radiation-induced acute skin reaction is of major concern during and after definitive course of radiotherapy. Prevention and treatment of these reactions play an important role in the completion of the prescribed course of EBRT within stipulated time period while maintaining the quality of life.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare results of topical Cryptomphalus aspersa secretion versus betamethasone cream for radiation-induced acute skin reactions in locally advanced head and neck carcinoma patients undergoing definitive irradiation from telecobalt and concurrent chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted to compare the topical application of C. aspersa secretion 4% cream (Study Group) versus betamethasone 0.1% ointment (Control Group) for the management of radiation-induced skin reactions in locally advanced head and neck carcinoma treated with concomitant chemoradiation. Thirty patients in each of the two groups were treated with radical EBRT 66 Gy/33 fractions/6.5 weeks (5 fractions/week) concomitant with Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks.
Results: Grade 3 skin reactions were observed in 11 (36.67%) and 12 (40%) patients in the Control Group at the 6th week and at completion of treatment, respectively. There were no Grade 3 skin reactions in the Study Group. The difference in the development of skin reactions observed was statistically significant at 6th week, at completion of treatment as well as at the 1st month of follow-up (grade-1) between the two groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Prophylactic application of topical C. aspersa secretion delays the emergence of skin reactions of HNC patients during telecobalt radiation treatment, prevents appearance of Grade 3 or higher skin reactions, and also repairs them faster as compared to betamethasone topical preparation.
Correlation of irisin with lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wahengbam Diana Devi  , Oinam Prabita Devi  , Ursula Khwairakpam  , Takhelmayum Paras Singh
Published: February 2025

Background: Irisin, a novel adipo-myokine, improves insulin sensitivity by browning of white adipose tissue and also promotes pancreatic β-cell proliferation. Irisin was seen to have great therapeutic potential in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Aims and Objectives: Our study aimed to estimate the levels of serum irisin, lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) in T2DM cases and healthy controls and to find any correlation among them.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a case–control study on 40 T2DM patients and 40 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed for the estimation of serum irisin level, estimation of FBS by glucose oxidase-phenol 4 amino phenazone method (GOD/PAP), and lipid profile by enzymatic colorimetric method.
Results: Irisin was found to be lesser (P=0.00) in T2DM cases (14.5±8.6 ng/mL) as compared to controls (28.4±3.9 ng/mL). In T2DM cases, serum irisin was inversely correlated with FBS levels (r=−0.32, P=0.04), FBS was correlated directly with total cholesterol (T-Chol) (r=0.216, P=0.180), triglyceride (TG) (r=0.289, P=0.071), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (r=0.325, P=0.041) and negatively correlated (r=−0.269, P=0.094) with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Whereas irisin levels showed negative correlation with T-Chol (r=−0.294, P=0.066), TGs (r=−0.237, P=0.140), and LDL (r=−0.341, P=0.031) and positive correlation with HDL (r=0.238, P=0.139) levels.
Conclusion: Our study showed that the level of serum irisin was decreased in T2DM patients significantly when compared with controls. Irisin improves lipid profile and FBS levels in T2DM cases, hence it may be essential as an adjunctive therapeutic target in the management of T2DM.
Pulse oximeter perfusion index as a new predictor of hypotension following subarachnoid block in lower segment Cesarean section: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Ashish Mohan M  , Suman Gupta  , Kavya Kanjikkal  , Vankudoth Bhaskar
Published: February 2025

Background: Hypotension is a common adverse effect of spinal anesthesia, especially during pregnancy, due to the blockade of pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers, resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance. This study explores the perfusion index (PI) as a potential predictor for hypotension during spinal anesthesia in lower segment Cesarean sections (LSCS).
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the correlation between baseline PI and the incidence of hypotension following subarachnoid block in LSCS.
Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 90 parturients, divided into two groups based on baseline PI: Group 1 (PI≤3.5) and Group 2 (PI>3.5). Spinal anesthesia was administered with 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine at the L3-L4 interspace. The study evaluated the correlation between baseline PI and the degree of hypotension, as well as PI’s predictive capacity for hypotension during Cesarean delivery.
Results: Hypotension occurred in 35.55% of Group 1 and 75.55% of Group 2 (P<0.001). A significant correlation was found between baseline PI>3.5 and both the incidence of hypotension and the total mephentermine dose required (P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of PI>3.5 for predicting hypotension were 68% and 72.5%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for PI as a predictor of hypotension was 0.914.
Conclusion: A higher baseline PI is associated with a higher incidence and severity of hypotension following spinal anesthesia. Baseline PI is a reliable predictor of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension during Cesarean delivery and could be used for early identification and management of at-risk patients.
Parental conflicts and resource sharing: Evolutionary trade-off
Authors: Ruby Dhar  , Arun Kumar  , Subhradip Karmakar
Published: February 2025

The genetic struggle between parents and their offspring is a fundamental aspect of kin selection theory and the gene-centered perspective of evolution. Parental resource conflict, or parent-offspring conflict, is an intriguing concept within evolutionary biology. It refers to the natural disagreement between parents and their young regarding how parental resources should be distributed. This disagreement emerges from the differing evolutionary goals of parents for their offspring.
Conflict arises only if parental behavior is influenced by genetic trade-offs concerning offspring success and the parent’s capacity to nurture more offspring, and its manifestation is significantly influenced by the nature of these trade-offs. There is a hypothetical scenario in which parents can influence gene expression in embryos directly. Similar to genomic imprinting, this may happen as a result of sexual selection in males competing with other males to gain more resources for their offspring from their mothers. One significant evolutionary theory that sheds light on parent-offspring resource conflict is parental investment theory, introduced by Robert Trivers in 1972. This theory posits that to enhance the survival prospects of their young, parents need to dedicate resources (such as time, energy, food, and care) to their offspring. However, given that resources are finite, parents must determine the amount of their available resources to distribute among each child or prospective child as well as who will contribute what. Mothers and fathers possess distinct reproductive priorities. Females generally put more effort into raising their young due to biological reasons (such as gestation and breastfeeding). Conversely, males may encounter different advantages and disadvantages regarding their contribution to offspring, which could result in conflicts over how resources ought to be allocated between parents and their young. Males and females employ distinct strategies to enhance their reproductive success, leading to competition over how resources are distributed to offspring. These strategies are influenced by sexual selection.
To sum up, the competition for resources between parents, viewed through the lens of evolution, arises from the differing reproductive goals of parents and their offspring, fuelled by the fight for scarce resources. This interaction has molded the strategies and behaviors that affect resource distribution within families, applicable to both humans and other species.
Assessing banks efficiency: DEA implementation
Authors: Inđić Milica , Marcikić Horvat Aleksandra , Pjanić Milos
Published: February 2025

By examining intermediate, operating, and profitability aspects, this paper aims to construct a performance model for evaluating the relative efficiency and potential for improvement of 20 banks operating in Serbia for the 2022-2023 period. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which belongs to relatively new data-oriented techniques, was used in the research to measure efficiency. To achieve its goals, the paper makes use of the CCR and BCC, two fundamental DEA models, and three approaches: intermediary, operating and profitability. The results of the analysis showed that the highest efficiency can be attributed o the use of the intermediate approach, while the lowest efficiency of banks can be attributed to the profitability approach. Additionally, the BCC model has higher efficiency compared to the CCR model. According to the analysis results, efficiency has generally grown and is comparatively stable.
Giant Lipoma of the Breast: A Case Report.
Authors:   Department of Surgery, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital Complex, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria., Alegbeleye Bamidele , Okunnuga Ndidi ,   Department of Radio-Oncology, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital Complex, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria., Ogundiniyi Olurotimi ,   Department of Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo city, Ondo State, Nigeria., Ajekwu Samuel ,   Department of Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo city, Ondo State, Nigeria., Kumolalo Felix ,   Department of Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo city, Ondo State, Nigeria., Akinmola Ebunola ,   Department of Industrial Design, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, Okunnuga Adetokunbo ,   Department of Histopathology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria., Adetunji Adebola ,   Department of Histopathology, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital Complex, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

Introduction: A giant lipoma of the breast is defined as a benign neoplasm derived from fatty tissue with lesions larger than 10 cm and/or weighing more than 1000 grams. We report this patient due to its rarity and the need for clinicians to have a high index of suspicion while assessing any breast tumour.
Case Presentation: A 50-year-old patient presented with a painless, rapidly growing tumour in her left breast. Physical examination and imaging studies were suggestive of a benign lipomatous breast tumour. The patient underwent surgical excision of the mass, and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a giant breast lipoma.
Discussion: Giant breast lipoma is a rare benign tumour that develops in the breast tissue. We observed from this study that if the auxiliary examinations such as ultrasonography, mammography, CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) find no evidence of malignant change, any treatment for the breast lipoma is unnecessary, unless the tumour has a harmful effect on life quality of the patient; however, the patient needs periodic physical examination. Giant breast lipomas are often treated with surgical excision to avoid recurrence.
Conclusion: Giant breast lipoma can pose a diagnostic challenge due to its resemblance to various benign or malignant pathologies. Unnecessary invasive investigations can be avoided with better understanding and improved imaging-based diagnosis. Moreover, they are associated with an excellent prognosis after successful excision, except for infrequent tumour recurrence even after several years; therefore, a long-term follow-up is imperative.
Vitamin D3 Protects against Cyclophosphamide-induced Neurotoxicity Via Modulation of Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Parameters
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria., Dosunmu Damilare , Babatunde Oluwatobiloba ,   Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, State, Nigeria, Onaolapo Olakunle ,   Behavioural Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

Vitamin D3’s antioxidative properties make it potentially beneficial in many conditions where oxidative stress is implicated in the pathological processes. The study investigated the possible protective effects of Vitamin D3 on weight loss, feed intake, brain oxidative status, markers of inflammation and cerebral cortex histomorphology in rats administered Cyclophosphamide (CYP). Sixty rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=10). Groups A and D served as Normal and Cyclophosphamide control respectively and were fed standard rat chow, groups B and E received Vitamin D3 (300 IU/kg), while those in groups C and F received Vitamin D3 (600 IU/kg). Animals in group A-C received intraperitoneal normal saline on day1, while groups D-F got intraperitoneal Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg/day on day1). Standard diet and Vitamin D3 supplementation were administered daily for 15 days. After the experimental period, animals were euthanised and blood was taken for the assessment of biochemical parameters. Cerebral cortex was also processed for histological study. Vitamin D3 mitigated CYP-induced weight loss. It also improved total antioxidant capacity while reducing CYP-induced lipid peroxidation. Interleukin-10 increased, while the CYP-induced increase in TNF-α were mitigated following Vitamin D3 supplementation. Again, protective efforts in cerebral cortex histomorphology were observed. The results showed Vitamin D3’s ability to protect against CYP-induced neurotoxicity in rats via modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. It also highlighted Vitamin D3’s potential as a possible adjunct in cancer chemotherapy-induced tissue damage. However, further research will be needed to specify its exact role in cancer chemotherapy.
Ethanol Extract of Muira Puama (Ptychopetalum Olacoides) ameliorates Aluminium Chloride-induced changes in Behaviour and Cerebral cortex Histomorphology in Wistar Rats
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria., Ajao Joshua , Akinsehinwa Akinsanmi ,   Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, State, Nigeria, Onaolapo Olakunle ,   Behavioural Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Onaolapo Adejoke ,   Behavioural Neuroscience and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

Muira puama is a plant renowned for its potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The effects of ethanol extract of Muira puama on aluminium chloride-induced changes in rat behaviour and cerebral cortex histomorphology was examined in this study. Fifty male rats weighing 120-150 g each were divided into six groups: control (normal saline), Muira puama extract groups (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg), AlCl3 group (100 mg/kg), and AlCl3 combined with Muira puama extract groups (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively). All treatments were administered orally for 21 days. Behaviours were assessed after the final dose of treatment. The result showed that the administration of AlCl3 was associated with decreased weight gain, behavioural alterations, and spatial working memory deficits. However, co-treatment with Muira puama was associated with increased food intake, reversal of weight loss, enhanced locomotion/self-grooming, and reduction of anxiety. Additionally, spatial working memory scores were significantly improved with Muira puama. Biochemical analysis showed reduced levels of malondialdehyde and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and increased levels of interleukin 10 and total antioxidant capacity. Histological examination revealed neuronal preservation with Muira puama, suggesting protective effects on the cerebral cortex. These findings suggest that Muira puama extract has the ability to mitigate aluminium chloride-induced changes in rats. However, more studies would be needed to determine its suitability for use in humans.
Neuroprotective Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Bisphenol-A-Induced Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cerebellar Cortex Toxicity Wistar Rats
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria., Owoeye Micheal , Akhigbe Roland ,   Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Lawal Ebenezer ,   Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria., Onaolapo Olakunle ,   Behavioural Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Onaolapo Adejoke ,   Behavioural Neuroscience and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on Bisphenol-A (BPA)-induced cerebellar cortex toxicity in Wistar rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided into six groups (n=6) and fed standard diet for 28 days. Group A (control) received corn oil (10 ml/kg), while Groups B and C (CoQ10 controls) were administered CoQ10 at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg orally, respectively. Group D (BPA control) received BPA at 50 mg/kg orally. Groups E and F were co-administered BPA (50 mg/kg) with CoQ10at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg respectively. Weekly weight changes were recorded. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed, and cerebellar tissues were either homogenised for biochemical analysis of oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, and antioxidant enzyme activities or processed for general histology. Results showed that exposure to BPA group D) caused significant weight loss, significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and significant decrease in antioxidant markers (SOD, GSH, TAC, CAT) compared to the control (p<0.05). Inflammatory markers (IL-1β and TNF-α) significantly increased in Group D. CoQ10 supplementation in Groups E and F significantly reduced antioxidant markers (SOD, GSH, TAC, CAT), MDA and inflammatory markers, and mitigated weight loss. Histological analysis showed neuronal loss in Group D, which was reversed in Groups E and F. CoQ10 supplementation protects against BPA-induced cerebellar cortex toxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal damage, highlighting its potential as a neuroprotective agent.
Post-conceptional melatonin administration mitigates changes in neurobehaviour and cerebral cortex histomorphology in prenatal sodium valproate-exposed rats
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria., Onaderu Taiwo , Onaolapo Olakunle ,   Behavioural Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Onaolapo Adejoke ,   Behavioural Neuroscience and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

The effects of post-conceptional melatonin administration on prenatal-sodium valproate (SV)- induced changes in behaviour and cerebral cortex histomorphology in rats were examined in this study. Twenty-five rats (150-200 g) were mated with age-matched males and pregnancy confirmed by presence of vaginal plug. Pregnant dams were assigned into five groups. group A (Control) administered distilled water (10 ml/kg) and intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of saline (2ml/kg), B SV control, received distilled water and i.p SV (150 mg/kg). Groups C-E were administered i.p SV and melatonin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) via oral gavage. Distilled water and melatonin were administered from post conceptional day (PCD) 1-10, while single i.p injection of saline and SV was administered on PCD 12. Pregnant dams delivered on PCD 21 and cared for their offspring till weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21. Weaned rat pups were exposed to behavioural paradigms (open-field arena, social interaction test, elevated plus maze and Y-maze) on PND 35. On PND 36, pups were euthanized, and brains were processed for general histology. Results showed a decrease in self grooming, spatial memory and social interaction while an increase in locomotor activity and rearing was observed with SV. Post-conceptional melatonin increased, self-grooming, spatial memory and social interaction and decreased rearing and locomotor activity. Administration of SV caused neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex, while melatonin was associated with protection against SV-induced neuronal injury. In conclusion, melatonin mitigated against maternal SV-induced behavioural and structural changes in the cerebral cortex of offspring.
Impact of Zinc and Methanol Extract of Sphenocentrum Jollyanum Roots on Testicular Histomorphological Integrity in Wistar Rats
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Adebayo Taiwo , Ashamu Ebenezer ,   Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Adekunle Olabisi ,   Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the effect of co-administration of zinc and methanol extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum root (MSJR) on the histomorphology of the testes in Wistar rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats weighing between 180-200g were assigned into six groups (n=6). Group A, vehicle control was administered water, while groups B and C were administered MSJR at 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Animals in group D received Zinc at 20 mg/kg while those in E and F received zinc co-administered with MSJR (500 and 1000 mg/kg) respectively. Water, MSJR and zinc were administered by oral gavage daily for 56 days. Rats were weighed weekly and sacrificed by cervical dislocation at the end of the experimental period. The right testis was excised, homogenised for analyses of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), while the left testis was processed for general histology. Results revealed that MSJR administration was associated with increased body weight and decreased testicular weights compared to control. Increase in levels of MDA and SOD activity and a decrease in GSH was also observed Administration of zinc alone or combined with MSJR was associated with decreased body weight and increased testicular weight as well as a reversal of MJSR induced oxidative stress. Results of testicular histomorphology revealed evidence of testicular injury with MSJR which was reversed with zinc coadministration. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the adverse effects of MSJR on biochemical and histomorphological indices of testicular integrity and also demonstrated zinc’s ability to mitigate these effects.
Pelatihan Literasi Numerasi untuk Mendukung Pembelajaran Matematika Kontekstual pada Siswa
Authors: Nasruddin Nasruddin , Miftachurohmah Nisa , Jahring Jahring , Sari Dian Ulfa
Published: February 2025

The contextually-based numeracy literacy instruction aimed to improve students' capacity to comprehend and utilize mathematical ideas pertinent to everyday life. Numeracy literacy is a crucial competency in contemporary society; nevertheless, polls reveal that pupils' numeracy abilities in Indonesia are still comparatively inadequate. This program offered training for educators and learners to adopt a contextually-based learning methodology. The understanding test results indicated a rise in students' average scores from 51.18 in the pre-test to 81 in the post-test, so validating the efficacy of this method. Furthermore, educators acquired novel perspectives on contextual teaching methodologies, enhancing the engagement and relevance of mathematics education. Periodic assessments indicated that students instructed by this strategy attained superior learning outcomes relative to traditional methods. The documentation of best practices functions as a reference for other schools to implement analogous strategies. This program markedly enhances the quality of mathematics education.
A Comparison of Religious Freedom Guarantees for Adherents of Local Religions Between Indonesia and Japan
Authors: Berlian Three Normayani Aruan  , Tiara Amandini Fajriya  , Melysa Eka Febriyanti  , Nelly Magdalina Sarumaha
Published: February 2025

Every individual has the right to freedom of religion, one of the principles of human rights that cannot be revoked. This principle recognizes a person's freedom to choose or not choose a religion and to switch from one religion to another. This freedom of thought is part of human dignity that must be guaranteed unconditionally, including the right to worship and believe according to one's conscience and mind. The research method used normative legal research, based on literature analysis and legal principles as the primary data, using conceptual, comparative, and legislative approaches. In Japan, applying the belief system is often associated with cultural rituals, especially in festivals that are part of Shinto teachings. Although Japan is known as a modern and technologically advanced country, traditional values are still maintained and become attractive. The 1945 constitution of Indonesia does not prohibit proselytism like Greece. Still, the First Precept of Pancasila recognizes the existence of God Almighty, which means that everyone is obliged to respect the religion and beliefs of others.
Comparison of Presidential Term Regulations in Several Countries with Presidential Systems: Indonesia, United States, and Philippines
Authors: Ranarosyidah Rihadatul'Asy  , Widy Anastasya Putri  , Nor Lailatul Mutfaidah
Published: February 2025

In the presidential system of government, the Head of Government is held by the President, and the constitution of each country determines his terms of office in the proposal. This research compares presidential term arrangements in Indonesia, the United States, and the Philippines, focusing on the duration of the term of office and period limits. The legal research method used in this research is normative juridical research to answer the issues to be discussed. This research aims to examine three countries with the same system of government but different presidential term periods. The results of this study show that in Indonesia, the president serves for five years with a maximum of two terms. In the United States, the president also has a four-year term limited to two terms. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, the president serves a six-year term without the possibility of re-election. The research found that these different arrangements reflect each country's historical and political context and have implications for political stability, policy continuity, and electoral dynamics.