bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FloodLAMP Inactivation Solution Prep v1.0 v1
Authors: True Randy
Published: September 2020

The Inactivation Solution includes TCEP, EDTA, NaOH, and water. It should be made in a chemical fume hood, as the TCEP is caustic. It is very straightforward to make if starting with liquid-form TCEP. We have not made it with powder-form TCEP, which is about 30% cheaper at low volume retail prices from Sigma. We have yet to do long-term stability studies; however, we think it's fine stored at room temperature for at least a few weeks. If yellow Binding Solution does not go clear upon addition to an inactivated sample or PBS+Inactivation Soln, suspect that the Inactivation Solution may have degraded, and repeat with another aliquot or freshly-made Inactivation Solution. It has also been suggested by Albert Yu of Brandeis has recommended using a 1.4N NaOH concentration for saliva instead of 1.15N NaOH. NaOH should be scale up by 1.4/1.15 and water down for this.
Fluorescent-Reporter Based Assay v1
Authors: Jain Piyush , T Nguyen Long , Rananaware Santosh
Published: September 2020

The CRISPR-Enhance SARS-CoV-2 detection kit has been designed to detect fragments of the Nucleocapsid (“N”) gene and Envelope gene (E) of SARS-CoV-2. An included third target is the human RNase P POP7 gene (“RP”) which serves as a control for the extraction of the clinical sample in the absence of a positive SARS-CoV-2 result. Amplification can be performed using a heat block, and CRISPR complex activation and reporter cleavage can be run in a standard microplate reader capable of fluorescence detection. The entire reaction from RT-LAMP amplification to CRISPR-based detection of the target analytes can be performed in approximately one hour. The CRISPR-Enhance kit comprises of two steps. Step one is a reverse transcriptase loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP) where targeted SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA is reverse transcribed to DNA, and this DNA is amplified by a strand-displacing DNA polymerase. Step two is the transcription of the amplified DNA to activate the collateral cleavage activity of a CRISPR complex programmed to the target RNA sequence. This collateral activity results in cleavage of nucleic acid reporters, resulting in a fluorescent readout detected by a plate reader.
Determinantes socioeconômicos e de saúde da desnutrição infantil: uma análise da distribuição espacial
Authors: Garcia Ligia Rejane Siqueira , Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe
Published: September 2020

Analisar a distribuição espacial da desnutrição em crianças brasileiras de baixa renda e sua correlação com indicadores socioeconômicos e de serviços de saúde. Estudo ecológico, com dados secundários de representação nacional, tendo como variáveis a desnutrição infantil, os indicadores socioeconômicos e de serviços de saúde no Brasil. Utilizaram-se técnicas de estatística univariada e bivariada para a análise espacial. Foi observada uma dependência espacial para a desnutrição infantil (I=0,52; p=0,010), com as menores prevalências nas regiões mais desenvolvidas do país, Sul e Sudeste. Associação negativa foi obtida entre desnutrição infantil e a renda per capita (p
INFLUENCE OF LASER TREATMENT ON INDICATORS OF FREE-RADICAL OXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN SECONDARY PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Antipkin I. I , Ryazantsev E. V , Ryazantsev V. E , Khoshnaw A. M
Published: September 2020

Relevance. Optimization of the conservative tactics of acute inflammation of the kidney in nephrolithiasis makes it advisable to use non-traditional methods of detoxification low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) in particular. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of laser therapy (LT) in the complex correction of acute secondary pyelonephritis (ASP) in patients with single kidney stones according to the basic adaptation criteria of oxidative-antioxidant clinical medicine КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА homeostasis of the organism. Materials and methods. Indices of endogenous intoxication (EI), characterizing the oxidative-antioxidant homeostasis of the body in ASP, were studied in 96 patients with nephrolithiasis aged 19 to 40 years. Patients of the comparison group (48 people) underwent basic (according to the standards) treatment aimed at controlling of calculous pyelonephritis. Patients of the main group (48 people) in the traditional conservative therapy from the second day of hospitalization daily received additional LT sessions with apparatus LTA “Uzor-3KS” with a frequency of 0.6 kHz, a power of 1.5 watts within 4 minutes (total for treatment course is eight procedures). The effectiveness of therapy was assessed on the 5th and 9th day of the inpatient stay. Results. It was found that endotoxicosis in non-destructive forms of ASP is caused by the increase in the concentration of malonic dialdehyde of plasma (by 20.3%) and erythrocytes (by 35.5%), decrease in catalase activity (by 14.2%) and the amount of total (by 11.8%) and free (21.1%) thiol groups with a decrease in the detoxification index (DI) by 24,1%. Compared with the baseline therapy (BT), the effectiveness of LT in the complex treatment of ASP in the analyzed parameters of metabolic homeostasis against the background of the increase in catalase capacity from 6.9 to 10.2%, the detoxification index from 5 to 12.5% was 7.5% (on the 5th day) and 17.5% (on the 9th day of treatment). Conclusions. ASP leads to activation of ROS, suppression of antioxidant and catalase activity of blood, reduction of DI, indicating a subcompensated syndrome of EI. Standard therapy contributes to the normalization of ROS and SLA values of body protection and reduces the level of endotoxicosis caused by ASP. Additional inclusion in the complex treatment of LT sessions more significantly normalizes redox metabolic homeostasis and EI parameters, improving the effectiveness of basic therapy.
THE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE HERB ASTRAGALUS GLYCYPHYLLUS L
Authors: Pozdnyakova T. A , Bubenchikov R. A
Published: September 2020

Topicality. In the process of originating and development of many diseases, an important role belongs to free radicals, which trigger chain reactions leading to damage of cells and tissues. The natural antioxidants can help to neutralize free radicals, among which phenolic compounds are the most active. The presence of these groups of biologically active substances in the herb Astragalus glycyphyllus L. suggests the presence of antioxidant activity in the phyto-complexes of the studied plant. The purpose of this research was to study the antioxidant activity of extracts from the herb Astragalus glycyphyllus L. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the air-dry herb Astragalus glycyphyllus L. harvested in the period of mass flowering. To obtain the most reliable results of the study, the investugation of the antioxidant activity of extracts from the herb Astragalus glycyphyllus L. was carried out by two met hods: by the method based on the chemical reaction between potassium permanganate and regenerating biologically active substances contained in extracts from the studied plant and by spectrophotometry of free radicals based on the reaction interactions of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl with antioxidants contained in plant raw materials. To establish the dependence between the antioxidant activity and the presence of phenolic compounds in the plant, the content of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in Astragalus glycyphyllus L. was determined. Results. It was found that all the studied extracts from the herb Astragalus glycyphyllus L. have antioxidant activity, but their values are different depending on the used extractant. In this case, a consistent pattern is observed between the content in the extraction of phenolic compounds (hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids) and the magnitude of antioxidant activity. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the total antioxidant activity of extracts from the herb Astragalus glycyphyllus L. was established. Its value was found to be related to the content of phenolic compounds in the plant by a positive correlation. The obtained data indicate the promising use of the herb Astragalus glycyphyllus L. as a source of natural antioxidants. · Keywords: Astragalus glycyphyllus L.; antioxidant activity; flavonoids; hydroxycinnamic acids; free radicals.
ANALYsis oF RYRRoLIDiNopHENoNE DERivATivEs iN BioLoGiOAL FLuiDs
Authors: Synbulatov IV. V , Voronin A. V , Voronina T. V
Published: September 2020

Pyrrolidinophenone derivatives are the group of narcotic drugs controlled in the Russian Federation. The review presents the trends of biotransformation of а-pyrrolidinovalerophenone and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone, the data about their primary metabolites is provided. Various techniques of the sample preparation of biological fluids for analytical toxicology studies for substances of the pyrrolidinophenone derivative group are discussed. The use of enzymatic hydrolysis followed by solid-phase extraction (sorption) provides low detection limits for native sub- PHARMACY ФАРМАЦИЯ stances of this group and primary metabolites using small volumes of biological fluids (0.5 and 1.0 ng/ml blood for a-pyrrolidinovalerophenone and 3,4-methylenedioxypirovalonone respectively). The main characteristics of pyrro-lidinophenone derivatives (Kovac’s retention indices in nonpolar stationary liquid phases and the main characteristic ions in the mass spectra of electron impact) are presented. They allow to identify pyrrolidinophenone derivatives and their primary metabolites in biological fluids during chromatographic-mass spectrometric screening. Analytical possibilities of an alternative variant of screening for biological fluids i.e. analysis by using current immunochemical test systems, including “biochips” are discussed. The main methods of reliable identification and quantitative determination of pyrrolidinophenone derivatives are chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The detection limit of 3,4-methylenedioxypyralovalone in blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is 1.0 ng/ml. The ranges of the determined concentrations of the method of quantitation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are 2.0-2000.0 ng/ml for blood and 0.05-50.0 ng/10 mm for hair. The high-performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with a triple quadrupole in the monitoring mode of multiple molecular reactions makes it possible to achieve a nearly complete suppression of analytical background “noise” for a sample, and to obtain detection and quantification limits for 3,4-methylenedioxypy-raloperone in cadaveric blood at a level of 10.0-100.0 pg/ml and 1.0-10.0 ng/ml, respectively. One of the advantages of the high-performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system is the screening possibility.
A COMPREHENSIVE HEARING EVALUATION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Vladimirova T. Yu , Aizenshtadt L. V
Published: September 2020

Hearing loss in patients of older age groups is a common problem. Numerous studies show that more than 69% of patients with hearing loss are at the age of 60 and older. The aim of the work was to analyze the indicators of complex assessment of hearing in patients of older age groups. The study involved 300 patients aged 60 to 95 (mean age - 78.9 ± 12.9), who in addition to the study of hearing (tonal threshold and speech audiometry) were surveyed by using a questionnaire for elderly people with hearing impairment (HHIE). The presented results indicate that the change in hearing in this group is not regular. The HHIE questionnaire is a convenient screening method in the work of a primary care physician. To understand the level of speech perception in those aged 60 or over, it is important to conduct speech audiometry in a comprehensive assessment of hearing.
PROBLEMS OF THE INTERINFLuENCE OF CuLTuRE AND Personality: Cross-Disciplinary CONNECTIONS
Authors: Spirina A. A
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of the interinfluence of culture and personality. Culture is a life forming aspect for personality. The author covers three hypostases personality obtained due to the interaction with culture described: personality as the object of culture, as a culture-bearer, and as the subject of culture. Personality also has a significant impact on culture: under the influence of personality, culture is transformed, acquiring new forms in the course of culture-creating activity of a person. Person, being a part of certain cultural and historical process, incorporates the basics of morality, traditions, and experience of generations, which become the basis for the formation of personality. Personality is not a static subject, it has the ability to choose, to develop consciously, turning to certain cultural values. In the conditions of the modern world, personality actively uses the ability to adapt, which is gained thanks to inseparable connection with culture. Besides traditions, culture gives personality spirituality, which forms the desire for self-development, for searching and finding of sense, for realizing of the essence of moral values. All this determines the need of personality for self-realization. It is directly related to the creative activity. In self-expression, personality reflects the state of cultural environment to which it belongs, and the society in which it exists. The article describes cultural process and cultural environment, where personality exists and covers the variety of cross-disciplinary approaches to its research such as sociological, philosophical, approach from the standpoint of historical sciences, psychological and cultural approaches.
CARE POLICY
Authors: Bolotnikova E. N
Published: September 2020

The care is analyzed through theoretical concepts of M. Heidegger, M. Foucault, plots and arguments of S.S. Horu-zhiy, B. Hubner, M. Din. A critical analysis of the phenomena of social reality represents the care in its current state. The goals and principles of national projects, hotel political initiatives, cultural practices are considered. The option of filling the structure of care with specific content is proposed. The article is concerned with the care shown by the state institutions in relation to the population. It is inspired by telos - prosperity, safety, health. It is determined by an attempt to give its existence the most beautiful form possible as a mode of submission. Such care involves ascetic practices regarding the private life of representatives of the bureaucracy and, as an ethical substance, has a way of life of the population.
THE CITY IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND CuLTuRAL RESEARCH: complexity, interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity
Authors: Ilivitskaya L. G
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the features of the philosophical and cultural analysis of the city. Based on the understanding of the phenomenon of culture, the author substantiates two basic approaches to the study of urban reality, suggesting their own grounds for the manifestation of complexity. The author also pays attention to the nature of interdisciplinary relationships inherent in the designated research strategies. The article also focuses on the transdisciplinarity of urban issues, its relevance for modern theoretical and practical projects.
Participación de la sociedad civil en el proceso de paz con las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia -FARC- ep- (2012-2016)
Authors: Valencia-Agudelo Germán  Darío , Villarreal-Miranda Kevin David
Published: September 2020

El artículo analiza los mecanismos de participación de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en la fase de negociación en proceso de paz con las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Farc-ep), entre 2012 y 2016. A través del uso de fichas bibliográficas y documentales, y de agregación y codificación de información, el trabajo identifica siete modelos de la participación de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en el proceso. Muestra, como en Colombia durante la fase de negociación se exploró, como nunca, una variedad amplia de mecanismos de participación, dándole a la sociedad civil un papel esencial: este actor ayudó a enriquecer la Mesa de Conversaciones de La Habana con sus propuestas y aportó legitimidad y aceptación ciudadana al proceso de paz.
Considerações sobre Erros Ortográficos Envolvendo os Ditongos Variáveis
Authors: Adamoli Marco Antônio
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo focaliza o erro ortográfico referente à grafia dos ditongos variáveis do Português Brasileiro “ai”, “ei” e “ou”, em textos produzidos por crianças em fase de alfabetização, nos quais são constatados casos tanto envolvendo inserção de semivogal (caichoeira, goustou), quanto apagamento dessa estrutura (fejão, caxa). Os trabalhos que se ocupam desse assunto revelaram duas tendências para o surgimento de erros envolvendo essa classe de ditongo, a saber, a influência da oralidade e do próprio processo de escolarização. Ainda que incorretos em termos gramaticais, tais desvios indiciam a construção de hipóteses da criança que, muitas vezes, toma como base para sua escrita aquilo que já aprendeu sobre estruturas linguísticas da língua.
O “Discurso de Outrem” em Bakhtin e o Círculo: por uma Compreensão Responsiva do Texto
Authors: Gomes Da Silva Telma Cristina
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta as contribuições de os estudos bakhtinianos para a compreensão responsiva do enunciado/texto. Examinamos as marcas linguístico-discursivas responsáveis pela presença do discurso de outrem em comentários discentes produzidos em e-fóruns acadêmicos em um curso na modalidade de ensino a distância. Consideramos esse discurso como o responsável pelas formas de transmissão e recepção de sentidos produzidos no/para a construção do enunciado/texto dos alunos em e-fóruns. Analisamos quatro comentários discentes produzidos, como respostas a temáticas nos e-fóruns em um componente curricular direcionado para o ensino de língua portuguesa.
Preposições Introdutoras de Orações Infinitivas em Português Brasileiro
Authors: De Brito Machado Daniel
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a análise tradicional de marcador de Caso para as preposições gramaticais/funcionais no âmbito da Teoria Gerativa, bem como investigar as suas propriedades semânticas e sintáticas em contextos de oração infinitiva, em oposição aos contextos de complementação por sintagma determinante. Já se demonstrou em trabalhos anteriores (SALLES, 1992; MACHADO, 2013) que a preposição introdutora de oração infinitiva em contexto de complementação está mais sujeita a flutuações entre a preposição de e em e, por vezes, com do que a preposição que licencia o sintagma determinante. Dessa forma, este artigo toma como base essa diferença de comportamento gramatical para reforçar as análises de não marcação de Caso em relação às preposições diante de orações não finitas, estendendo a análise à preposição para, que carrega uma semântica específica nesses mesmos contextos.
Agir social e dimensão (inter)cultural: desafios à proposta de produção de sequências didáticas
Authors: Miquelante Marileuza Ascencio , Cristovão Vera Lucia Lopes , Pontara Claudia Lopes
Published: September 2020

O ensino de língua estrangeira/língua adicional com base em gêneros pode contribuir para que o/a estudante seja capaz de agir pela linguagem, na forma oral ou escrita, bem como apropriar-se de conhecimentos (inter)culturais. Assim, investigamos se o material didático produzido para o Centro de Línguas Estrangeiras Modernas do Estado do Paraná, composto por dezesseis sequências didáticas (SD), pode promover um ensino e aprendizagem capaz de potencializar tanto o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos (inter)culturais quanto das capacidades de linguagem (CL). Com vistas a atingir esse objetivo, examinamos, inicialmente, os quadros-sumário das dezesseis SD com base em categorias analíticas da dimensão (inter)cultural. Em seguida, analisamos se as atividades de uma dessas SD potencializam o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos constitutivos das categorias analíticas e de CL. Os resultados indicam que os elementos dos quadros-sumário, bem como as atividades da SD contemplam as categorias (inter)culturais e seus conhecimentos, oportunizando ao/a professor/a e aos/as estudantes um ensino e aprendizagem que tem o agir social como eixo organizador. Dessa forma, o agir social com a linguagem potencializa o desenvolvimento tanto de conhecimentos (inter)culturais quanto de CL.
Autistic university students’ accounts of interactions with nonautistic and autistic individuals: a rhetorical genre studies perspective
Authors: Ballantine Jacquie , Artemeva Natasha
Published: September 2020

Increasing numbers of autistic students are enrolling in universities worldwide. These students are taught by mostly nonautistic instructors who try to support them in their learning of academic literacies, without always fully understanding this emerging group of neurodiverse students. Most research on the development of academic literacies, including academic writing, to date has not explored the lived experience of being an autistic student at university. In this small-scale qualitative exploratory pilot study, we draw on Rhetorical Genre Studies (RGS) to probe into the accounts of 12 autistic students from two Canadian universities regarding their interactions with nonautistic and autistic individuals at university. By analyzing the data from the RGS perspective, we have been able to establish and unpack the rhetorical nature of such social interactions. Understanding the rhetorical nature of these interactions provides a first step towards developing effective supports for autistic students learning to speak and write academically in the predominantly nonautistic contexts of universities.
Utilization of Wood Railway Sleepers Using a Supercritical Fluid Extraction Process
Authors: Khairutdinov V.F. , Gumerov F.M. , Khabriev I.Sh. , Gabitov R.F. , Farakhov M.I. , Gabitov F.R. , Zaripov Z.I.
Published: September 2020

In this work, we propose an alternative method for the utilization of sleepers, based on the use of a supercritical fluid extraction process. The preference for the implementation of a supercritical fluid extraction process for “extractable-extractant” systems exhibiting I–II types of phase behavior is given. On the example of supercritical fluid extraction of the impregnation material of spent wood railway sleepers, the efficiency of replacing the carbon dioxide participating as an extractant with a propane/butane mixture, which provide the desired change in the type of phase behavior in relation to such components of the impregnation material as phenol, anthracene and naphthalene is shown. The phase equilibria of thermodynamic systems involving carbon dioxide and a propane/butane mixture on the one hand and coal oil components such as phenol, anthracene, and naphthalene on the other are studied. The proposed method of processing spent railway sleepers allows you to select from it up to 97 % of the mass impregnation source material.
On the new paradigm for the development of oil and gas geology
Authors: Shmal Gennadiy I.
Published: September 2020

The state of the oil and gas industry in Russia is considered. Problems and difficulties are described, such as depletion of deposits, a decrease in the number of discoveries of new fields, ineffective production methods due to the lack of modern innovative technologies, imperfect legislation, licensing of large state-owned enterprises, reduction of proved reserves, lack of funding, etc. Ways to solve them are proposed, including the need to develop a special state program to support geological surveys, with specifics, with effective control over its implementation.
The problems of the strategy for the development of the fuel and energy complex in Russia are noted. Particular attention is paid to the need for government regulation as a basic component of the organizations of measures that would ensure the normal functioning of the fuel and energy complex and its effective development in the interests of the country, its population and private capital. It is proposed to create a coherent system for managing the innovation process throughout the country, developing certain standards, mechanisms to stimulate the introduction of new technologies, including in the field of geological exploration.
The geological diversity of oil deposits is the basis for the technological development of the industry
Authors: Ibatullin Ravil R.
Published: September 2020

A deep study of the mechanism and processes of development of the bitumen and heavy oil deposits, as well as oil in tight and shale reservoirs, was conducted in the special test facilities in North America. These studies served as the basis for a technological leap for the transfer of these resources to the category of recoverable reserves. Based on the development of new technologies for horizontal drilling, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, and the SAGD method in various modifications, commercially attractive results have been achieved, which allow stable development of fields with unconventional reserves at low oil prices. Marginal reserves in a deep crisis environment are the main reason for the write-off of reserves and their transition to large diversified companies.
On the Role of Computer Software in Management of Financial Risks of Enterprises
Authors: Xie Xi
Published: September 2020

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the market environment and economic environment are becoming increasingly complex, along with the increasing financial risks faced by Chinese enterprises. As financial risks are the key factors affecting the development of enterprises, enterprises should pay close attention to them in their daily management, and analyze and control the financial risks in real time, so as to lay foundation for the sustainable development of enterprises. This article mainly introduces the role of computer software in management of financial risks of enterprises. Through analyzing the problems existed, this article puts forward some corresponding solutions.
Paisagem do Casco Histórico de Itajaí, SC: uma análise das potencialidades para o desenvolvimento do turismo cultural
Authors: Fontanella Fernando Luigi Padoin , Rossini Diva de Mello , De Oliveira Josildete , Dos Anjos Francisco
Published: September 2020

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a paisagem do casco histórico de Itajaí, ocupada a partir do séculoXVIII, uma cidade do Estado de Santa Catarina – Brasil, e identifi car as potencialidades para o desenvolvimento doturismo cultural, a partir das categorias de Cullen (1971), Lynch (1997), Rossi (1995) e de Boullón (2002). A pesquisabibliográfi ca, documental e a de campo auxiliaram na identifi cação dos atributos.
A agricultura orgânica ou ecológica e a sustentabilidade da agricultura
Authors: Roel Antonia Railda
Published: September 2020

A industrialização da agricultura resultou em redução dos lucros de atividades agrícolas, desastresambientais, exclusão do homem do campo, assim como em produção de alimentos com resíduos nocivos à saúdehumana. A agroecologia bane o uso de produtos químicos sintéticos e propõe resguardar o ambiente de agressões,produzir alimentos sem contaminantes, diminuir os custos de produção, aumentar a oferta de emprego e evitar,assim, o êxodo rural. Essa proposta aumenta as chances de se tornar o sistema agrícola sustentável e mostra-secomo a mais adequada a regiões em desenvolvimento.
THE EFFECT OF INSURANCE PREMIUM ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: KAYA Neylan , KILIÇ Nazife Özge
Published: September 2020

Funds collected as insurance premiums are very important for the development and deepening of the national economies. These premiums paid to insurance companies provide funds for capital markets by creating savings sources. The aim of this study is to investigate how and in what direction the insurance premium volume affects the economic growth of these 25 countries. For this purpose, Johansen Cointegration, Kao cointegration, panel FMOLS, Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) Panel Granger Causality methods were used. Cointegration tests show that economic growth and insurance premium volume variables have long-term cointegration relationships. According to Panel FMOLS test results, a 1% increase in insurance premium volumes leads to an increase of 0.113% in economic growth. According to Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel Granger causality analysis, there is one-way causality from insurance volumes to economic growth.
Surgical Scoliosis Correction in Chiari-I Malformation with Syringomyelia Versus Idiopathic Syringomyelia
Authors: Tan Haining , Lin Youxi , Rong Tianhua , Shen Jianxiong , Zhang Jianguo , Feng Erwei , Jiao Yang , Liang Jinqian , Li Zheng
Published: September 2020

Background:

Both patients with Chiari-I malformation (CIM) with syringomyelia and those with idiopathic syringomyelia (ISm) have a syrinx and can have scoliosis as well. However, there is no literature regarding differences between CIM and ISm in terms of radiographic outcomes and surgical complications after posterior fusion, to our knowledge. The aim of the present study was to compare radiographic features, clinical outcomes, and surgical complications after posterior spinal fusion between patients with CIM-associated scoliosis and those with ISm-associated scoliosis.

Methods:

One hundred and twenty patients with syringomyelia-associated scoliosis were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-one patients with scoliosis secondary to CIM were enrolled and matched by sex, age, and the Cobb angle of the scoliotic curve with 21 patients with scoliosis secondary to ISm. All patients underwent 1-stage posterior fusion surgery. Coronal and sagittal radiographic parameters were evaluated before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the final follow-up (at least 2 years). We also collected data regarding syringeal features, neurological deficits, intraoperative neuromonitoring, and complications.

Results:

Sex, age, preoperative coronal/sagittal scoliosis parameters, and neurological deficits were similar between the matched CIM and ISm groups. On average, the CIM group had a longer syrinx (12.3 ± 3.6 versus 8.9 ± 4.5 vertebral levels, p = 0.010) than the ISm group. The CIM and ISm groups showed similar correction rates for primary curves (70.9% ± 10.6% versus 69.5% ± 16.3%, p = 0.739). There were no significant differences in coronal/sagittal correction, intraoperative neuromonitoring abnormalities, surgical complications, or Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire scores between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:

Despite matched demographic and scoliotic coronal parameters, patients with CIM had longer syrinxes compared with patients with ISm. One-stage posterior fusion achieved comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes for both CIM- and ISm-associated scoliosis without significant differences in neurological complications.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Scoliosis Research Society Annual Meeting 2019 Abstracts
Authors: Marrache Majd , Wang Yan , Miyanji Firoz , Sponseller Paul D. ,   on behalf of the Scoliosis Research Society
Published: September 2020

The Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) aims to foster optimal care of pediatric and adult patients with spinal deformity of all etiologies. Founded 53 years ago, the SRS has maintained a strong commitment to research and education. At the 2019 SRS Annual Meeting in Montreal, Québec, Canada, >170 papers were presented on an array of spinal deformity topics. This article represents the top abstracts that were presented at the SRS 54th Annual Meeting. Two of the abstracts were nominees for the Hibbs Basic Research Award, and 8 were nominees for the Hibbs Clinical Research Award.
Peranan Komunikasi dalam Organisasi: Studi Tentang Pola Komunikasi Atasan dengan Bawahan pada STAIN Samarinda
Authors: Duraesa M. Abzar
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini difokuskan terhadap pola-pola komunikasi pada Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Samarinda menarik untuk dilakukan. Bahkan bisa dikatakan mendesak untuk dilakukan penelitian ini, manakala nantinya ditemukan indikator yang mengarah pada sikap acuh tak acuh, ataupun penurunan kinerja pada karyawan dan dosen STAIN yang diakibatkan oleh dampak dari penerapan pola komunikasi tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pola komunikasi pimpinan dengan  bawahan serta mengetahui peluang dan tantangan komunikasi pimpinan dengan bawahan di STAIN Samarinda. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, maka dapat diketahui bahwa pola komunikasi yang berlangsung di STAIN Samarinda ada 3 (tiga) bentuk; pertama, bersifat Downward Communication artinya; komunikasi dari atasan kepada bawahan; kedua,  bersifat Unward Communication artinya dari bawahan kepada atasan; dan ketiga, bersifat horizontal,  yaitu komunikasi antar unit dalam jajaran STAIN Samarinda. Adapun faktor yang mendukung berjalannya komunikasi di STAIN.
Mechanical Behavior of Berea Sandstone under Cyclic Loading: An Application to Dynamic Loading of a Wellbore
Authors: Meng Meng , Miska Stefan , Yu Mengjiao , Ozbayoglu Evren Mehmet
Published: September 2020

During the drilling process, many operations will cause cyclic loading of the wellbore, including surge/swab pressure generated by tripping operations and pressure fluctuations induced by shutdowns/startups of the mud pumps. With cyclic loading, the wellbore rock may fail even if the stress level is lower than the predetermined static rock strength because of fatigue. In this paper, comprehensive triaxial cyclic compression tests have been conducted under different maximum cyclic loading levels, confining pressure, amplitude, and frequency. New methods have been proposed and successfully applied to predict the monotonic strength of the rock samples. These approaches overcome the uncertainty caused by the standard average method. Using these experimental results, some empirical models (amplitude and fatigue life, frequency, and fatigue life) are proposed. Also, the evolutional laws of rock parameters (strain, residual strain, energy dissipation, etc.) during the cyclic loading stage are generated. A clear three-stage behavior is observed: early stage, steady stage, and late stage. Finally, the experiments are combined with two field-drilling cases. Results show to avoid rock fatigue because of tripping operations and shutdowns/startups of the mud pump, the maximum loading level should be less than 95% of the static strength for Berea Sandstone used in this study. Therefore, the maximum equivalent loading stress should avoid being close to the failure boundary. A safe buffer zone should be designed between the wellbore collapse boundary and actual bottomhole pressure.
Evaluation of a Nonionic Surfactant Foam for CO2 Mobility Control in a Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Jian Guoqing , Alcorn Zachary , Zhang Leilei , Puerto Maura C. , Soroush Samaneh , Graue Arne , Biswal Sibani Lisa , Hirasaki George J.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we describe a laboratory investigation of a nonionic surfactant for carbon dioxide-(CO2-) foam mobility control in the East Seminole field, a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in the Permian Basin of west Texas. A method of high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporativelight-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was followed for characterizing the surfactant stability. The foam transport process was studied in the absence and the presence of East Seminole crude oil, with test results showing that strong CO2-foam forms in either a bulk-foam test or foam-flow test. An oxygen scavenger, carbohydrazide, was found effective for controlling the stability of the surfactant up to 80°C and total dissolved solid of ∼34,000 ppm. Moreover, a phosphonate scale inhibitor was investigated and found to be compatible with the oxygen scavenger to accommodate a surfactant solution in a gypsum-oversaturated reservoir brine. During the oil-fractional flow test, an emulsion appears to form, causing a noticeable pressure increase; however, emulsion generation failed to cause a significant phase plugging in the test. Also, a STARS™ (Computer Modelling Group Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada) foam model was applied to obtain the foam parameters from the foam-flow experiments at steady-state conditions. The insights from laboratory experiments better enable translation of the foam technology to the field.
Interpolating Qualitative Time-Lapse Seismic Interpretations
Authors: da Motta Pires Paulo Roberto , King Peter R.
Published: September 2020

Time-lapse seismic surveys, even if repeated at different calendar intervals, can only capture snapshots of a reservoir’s state. To obtain continuous information from these surveys, we propose a method to interpolate qualitative time-lapse seismic interpretations. As inputs, we take the sequence of interpreted boundaries of an expanding time-lapse seismic anomaly. Our solution combines the fast-marching method (FMM) and the Pollock (1988)pathline-tracing algorithm to estimate the intermediate boundary positions at times between acquisitions. For validation, we use a synthetic data set representing the scenario of a waterflooded sandstone reservoir. The results confirm that, despite small localized discrepancies in shape, at each time, the estimated boundary positions are in close agreement with the truth case. When time-lapse anomalies result primarily from changes in water saturations, the estimated boundary-arrival times resemble the actual water-front-arrival times. Hence, combined with classical immiscible displacement theory, the estimated arrival times can support a practical, model-independent, quantitative estimation of water saturations in the reservoir.
Accelerometry Assessed Physical Activity of Older Adults Hospitalized with Acute Medical Illness - an Observational Study
Authors: Tasheva Plamena , Kraege Vanessa , Vollenweider Peter , Roulet Guillaume , Méan Marie , Marques-Vidal Pedro
Published: September 2020

Background: In a hospital setting and among older patients, inactivity and bedrest are associated with a wide range of negative outcomes such as functional decline, increased risk of falls, longer hospitalization and institutionalization. Our aim was to assess the distribution, determinants and predictors of physical activity (PA) levels using wrist-worn accelerometers in older patients hospitalized with acute medical illness.Methods: Observational study conducted from February to November 2018 at an acute internal medicine unit in the University hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland. We enrolled 177 patients aged ≥65 years, able to walk prior to admission. PA during acute hospital stay was continuously recorded via a 3D wrist accelerometer. Clinical data was collected from medical records or by interview. Autonomy level prior to inclusion was assessed using Barthel Index score. PA levels were defined as <30 mg for inactivity, 30-99 mg for light and ≥100 for moderate PA. Physically active patients were defined as 1) being in the highest quartile of time spent in light and moderate PA or 2) spending ≥20 minutes/day in moderate PA.Results: Median [interquartile range - IQR] age was 83 [74-87] years and 60% of participants were male. The median [IQR] time spent inactive and in light PA was 613 [518-663] and 63 [30-97] minutes/day, respectively. PA peaked between 8 and 10 am, at 12 am and at 6 pm. Less than 10% of patients were considered physically active according to definition 2. For both definitions, active patients had a lower prevalence of walking aids and a lower dependency level according to Barthel Index score. For definition 1, use of medical equipment was associated with a 70% reduction in the likelihood of being active: odds ratio (OR) 0.30 [0.10-0.92] p=0.034; for definition 2, use of walking aids was associated with a 75% reduction in the likelihood of being active: OR=0.24 [0.06-0.89], p=0.032.Conclusion: Older hospitalized patients are physically active only 10% of daily time and concentrate their PA around eating periods. Whether a Barthel Index below 95 prior to admission may be used to identify patients at risk of inactivity during hospital stay remains to be proven.
Effectiveness of HPV vaccination against the development of high grade cervical lesions in young Japanese women
Authors: Shiko Yuki , Konno Ryo , Konishi Hiroshi , Sauvaget Catherine , Ohashi Yasuo , Kakizoe Tadao
Published: September 2020

Background: Although more than 10 years have passed since HPV vaccination was implemented first, as an interim programme (Emergent vaccine promotion programme) in November 2010, followed by incorporating into the National Immunization Programme in April, 2013 and suspended in June 2013, limited studies have investigated the HPV vaccine effectiveness against high-grade cervical lesions in Japan.Methods: We collected the matched data of the results of cervical biopsy and history of vaccination from the Japan Cancer Society database. The subjects were women aged 20 to 29 years screened for cervical cancer between April, 2015 and March, 2017, and with information on HPV vaccination status. We estimated the relative risk of developing high-grade cervical lesions in vaccinated subjects using Poisson regression as compared to unvaccinated subjects.Results: Among the 34,281 women screened, 3,770 (11.0%) were vaccinated. The prevalence of CIN2+ was significant lower in the vaccinated women as compared to the unvaccinated women (Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) =76%; RR=0.24, 95% CI:0.10-0.60). High VE against CIN3+ was also observed (91%; RR=0.09, 95% CI:0.00-0.42).Conclusion: Women aged 20–29 years who received at least one dose of HPV vaccine had a significantly lower risk of high-grade cervical lesions than those not vaccinated. In Japan, HPV vaccination should be resumed in order to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.
Subjective sleep quality and association with depression syndrome, chronic diseases and health-related physical fitness in the middle-aged and elderly
Authors: Hsu Min-Fang , Lee Kang-Yun , Lin Tsung-Ching , Liu Wen-Te , Ho Shu-Chuan
Published: September 2020

Background: As a complex phenomenon, sleep quality is difficult to objectively define and measure, and multiple factors related to sleep quality, such as age, lifestyle, physical activity, and physical fitness, feature prominently in older adult populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate subjective sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and to associate sleep quality with health-related physical fitness factors, depressive symptoms, and the number of chronic diseases in the middle-aged and elderly.Methods: We enrolled a total of 283 middle-aged and elderly participants from a rehabilitation clinic or health examination department. The PSQI was used to evaluate sleep quality. The health-related fitness assessment included anthropometric and physical fitness parameters. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) short form. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0, and descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used for the analyses.Results: Overall, 27.9% of participants in this study demonstrated poor sleep quality (with a PSQI score of >5), 10.2% of study participants frequently used sleep medication to help them fall asleep, and 6.0% reported having significant depressive symptoms (with a CES-D score of ≥10). There are two major findings: (1) depression symptoms, the number of chronic diseases, self-rated health, and arthritis were significantly associated with a poor sleep quality, and (2) the 2-min step test was associated with longer sleep latency. These results confirmed that the 2-min step was associated with a longer sleep latency among the health-related physical fitness items.Conclusions: Our study found that depressive syndrome, chronic disease numbers, a poor self-rated health status, and arthritis were the main risk factors that influenced subjective sleep quality.
Social, economic, and legislative factors and global road traffic fatalities
Authors: Haghighi Mohammad Reza Rahmanian , Sayari Mohammad , Ghahramani Sulmaz , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri
Published: September 2020

Background: Road traffic fatalities (RTF) is the 8th cause of mortality around the world. At the end of the Decade of Action, it would be of utmost importance to revisit our knowledge on the determinants of RTF. The aim of this study is to assess factors related to RTF at global level.Methods: We used road safety development index which accounts for the interactions between system, human and products to assess the RTF in 115 and 113 countries in 2013 and 2016, respectively. To analyze data, three statistical procedures (linear regression, classification and regression trees, and multivariate adaptive regression splines) were employed. Results: Classification and regression trees has the best performance amongst all others followed by multivariate adaptive regression splines for 2013 and 2016 data set with an R2 around 0.83. Results show that any increase in human development index was associated with RTF reduction. Comparing RTF data of 2013 and 2016, 8 countries experienced a change of more than 30%, which demonstrated a significant relationship with GINI index (named after Corrado Gini). Considering the three components of human development index, it is revealed that education explained most of RTF variation in classification and regression trees model followed by income and life expectancy. Conclusion: Policymakers should consider road collisions as a socio-economic issue. In this regard, they can make provisions to reduce RTF in the long run by focusing on enhancing the three components of human development index, mainly education. However, there is a need to investigate the causation pathway among these three components with RTF with different time-trend procedures.
Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10-24 years: A systematic review.
Authors: Haylock Sara , Boshari Talia , Alexander Emma C , Kumar Ameeta , Manikam Logan , Pinder Richard
Published: September 2020

Background: Since 2013, the number of violent crimes and offences by sharp instruments have increased continually, following a previous decrease, with majority of cases occurring among young people and in London. There is limited understanding surrounding the drivers influencing this change in trends, with mostly American-based research identifying risk factors. Methods: The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence from a range of literature to identify risk factors associated with weapon-related crime, for young people (aged 10-24 years) within the UK. A search strategy was generated to conduct a systematic search of published and grey literature within four databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey), identifying papers within a UK-context. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers to assess eligibility for inclusion, namely study focus in line with the objectives of the review. Weight of Evidence approach was utilised to assess paper quality, resulting in inclusion of 16 papers. Thematic analysis was conducted for studies to identity and categorise risk factors according to the WHO ecological model.Results: No association was found between gender or ethnicity and youth violence, contrasting current understanding shown within media. Multiple research papers identified adverse childhood experiences and poor mental health as positively associated with youth and gang violence. It was suggested that community and societal risk factors, such as discrimination and economic inequality, were frequently linked to youth violence. A small number of studies were included within the review as this is a growing field of research, which may have led to a constrained number of risk factors identified. Due to heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. As many studies displayed positive results, publication bias may be present. Conclusions: Several risk factors were identified, with evidence currently heterogeneous with minimal high-quality studies. However, findings highlight key areas for future research, including the link between poor mental health and knife-crime, and the trajectory into gangs. Risk factors should help identify high-risk individuals, targeting them within mitigation strategies to prevent involvement within crime. This should contribute to efforts aimed at reducing the rising crime rates within UK.