bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Density of mmWave NR Deployments for Provisioning Multi-Layer VR Services
Authors: Beschastnyi Vitalii , Ostrikova Daria , Konyukhov Roman , Golos Elizaveta , Chursin Alexander , Moltchanov Dmitri , Gaidamaka Yuliya
Published: July 2021

The 5G New Radio (NR) technology operating in millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band is designed for support bandwidth-greedy applications requiring extraordinary rates at the access interface. However, the use of directional antenna radiation patterns, as well as extremely large path losses and blockage phenomenon, requires efficient algorithms to support these services. In this study, we consider the multi-layer virtual reality (VR) service that utilizes multicast capabilities for baseline layer and unicast transmissions for delivering an enhanced experience. By utilizing the tools of stochastic geometry and queuing theory we develop a simple algorithm allowing to estimate the deployment density of mmWave NR base stations (BS) supporting prescribed delivery guarantees. Our numerical results show that the highest gains of utilizing multicast service for distributing base layer is observed for high UE densities. Despite of its simplicity, the proposed multicast group formation scheme operates close to the state-of-the-art algorithms utilizing the widest beams with longest coverage distance in approximately 50–70% of cases when UE density is λ≥0.3. Among other parameters, QoS profile and UE density have a profound impact on the required density of NR BSs while the effect of blockers density is non-linear having the greatest impact on strict QoS profiles. Depending on the system and service parameters the required density of NR BSs may vary in the range of 20–250 BS/km2.
Numerical Investigation of Mixed Convective Williamson Fluid Flow Over an Exponentially Stretching Permeable Curved Surface
Authors: Ahmed Kamran , Khan Waqar A. , Akbar Tanvir , Rasool Ghulam , Alharbi Sayer O. , Khan Ilyas
Published: July 2021

The present investigation aims to examine the heat flux mechanism in the hagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective flow of Williamson-type fluid across an exponential stretching porous curved surface. The significant role of thermal conductivity (variable), non-linear thermal radiation, unequal source-sink, and Joules heating is considered. The governing problems are obtained using the Navier–Stokes theory, and the appropriate similarity transformation is applied to write the partial differential equations in the form of single-variable differential equations. The solutions are obtained by using a MATLAB-based built-in bvp4c package. The vital aspect of this analysis is to observe the effects of the curvature parameter, magnetic number, suction/injection parameter, permeability parameter, Prandtl factor, Eckert factor, non-linear radiation parameter, buoyancy parameter, temperature ratio parameter, Williamson fluid parameter, and thermal conductivity (variable) parameter on the velocity field, thermal distribution, and pressure profile which are discussed in detail using a graphical approach. The correlation with the literature reveals a satisfactory improvement in the existing results on permeability factors in Williamson fluids.
An Improved Conservative Direct Re-Initialization Method (ICDR) for Two-Phase Flow Simulations
Authors: Mostafaiyan Mehdi , Wießner Sven , Heinrich Gert , Hosseini Mahdi Salami
Published: July 2021

We introduce an improved conservative direct re-initialization (ICDR) method (for two-phase flow problems) as a new and efficient geometrical re-distancing scheme. The ICDR technique takes advantage of two mass-conserving and fast re-distancing schemes, as well as a global mass correction concept to reduce the extent of the mass loss/gain in two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) problems. We examine the ICDR method, at the first step, with two 2D benchmarks: the notched cylinder and the swirling flow vortex problems. To do so, we (for the first time) extensively analyze the dependency of the regenerated interface quality on both time-step and element sizes. Then, we quantitatively assess the results by employing a defined norm value, which evaluates the deviation from the exact solution. We also present a visual assessment by graphical demonstration of original and regenerated interfaces. In the next step, we investigate the performance of the ICDR in three-dimensional (3D) problems. For this purpose, we simulate drop deformation in a simple shear flow field. We describe our reason for this choice and show that, by employing the ICDR scheme, the results of our analysis comply with the existing numerical and experimental data in the literature.
What Is the Environmental Impact of Wine Entering Global Value Chains? Studying the Evolution of CO2 Emissions from the Export of Spanish Denomination of Origin Wines
Authors: Castillo-Valero Juan Sebastián , Carrasco Inmaculada , Carchano Marcos , Córcoles Carmen
Published: July 2021

The continuous growth of the international wine trade and the expansion of international markets is having significant commercial, but also environmental, impacts. The benefits of vineyards in terms of ecosystem service provision are offset by the increase in CO2 emissions generated by transportation. Denominations of Origin, as quality labels, emphasise a wine’s links to the terroir, where specific elements of culture and environment merge together. However, Denominations of Origin can also have differentiating elements as regards environmental performance. Drawing on an extended multiregional input–output model applied to the Spanish Denominations of Origin with the largest presence in the international wine trade, this study shows that wines with the greatest exporting tradition are those that most reduced their carbon footprint per litre of exported wine in the period 2005–2018, thus being the most environmentally efficient.
The Natural Antimicrobial trans-Cinnamaldehyde Interferes with UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine Biosynthesis and Cell Wall Homeostasis in Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Sun Lei , Rogiers Gil , Michiels Chris W.
Published: July 2021

Trans-cinnamaldehyde (t-CIN), an antimicrobial compound from cinnamon essential oil, is of interest because it inhibits various foodborne pathogens. In the present work, we investigated the antimicrobial mechanisms of t-CIN in Listeria monocytogenes using a previously isolated yvcK::Himar1 transposon mutant which shows hypersensitivity to t-CIN. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that t-CIN induces a bulging cell shape followed by lysis in the mutant. Complementation with wild-type yvcK gene completely restored the tolerance of yvcK::Himar1 strain to t-CIN and the cell morphology. Suppressor mutants which partially reversed the t-CIN sensitivity of the yvcK::Himar1 mutant were isolated from evolutionary experiments. Three out of five suppression mutations were in the glmU-prs operon and in nagR, which are linked to the biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan precursor uridine-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). GlmU catalyzes the last two steps of UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis and NagR represses the uptake and utilization of N-acetylglucosamine. Feeding N-acetylglucosamine or increasing the production of UDP-GlcNAc synthetic enzymes fully or partially restored the t-CIN tolerance of the yvcK mutant. Together, these results suggest that YvcK plays a pivotal role in diverting substrates to UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis in L. monocytogenes and that t-CIN interferes with this pathway, leading to a peptidoglycan synthesis defect.
Quantitative Determination of Nitrofurazone Metabolites in Animal-Derived Foods Based on a Background Fluorescence Quenching Immunochromatographic Assay
Authors: Wu Yuping , Wang Jia , Zhou Yong , Qi Yonghua , Ma Licai , Wang Xuannian , Tao Xiaoqi
Published: July 2021

Due to their facile synthesis and friendly functionalization, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been applied in all kinds of biosensors. More importantly, these biosensors, with the combination of AuNPs and immunoassay, are expected to be used for the detection of different compounds with low concentrations in complex samples. In this study, a AuNPs-labeled antibody immunoprobe was prepared and combined with a fluorescence-quenching principle and a background fluorescence-quenching immunochromatographic assay (bFQICA), achieving rapid on-site detection. By using a portable fluorescence immunoquantitative analyzer and a QR code with a built-in standard curve, the rapid quantitative determination for nitrofurazone metabolite of semicarbazide (SEM) in animal-derived foods was realized. The limits of detection (LODs) for bFQICA in egg, chicken, fish, and shrimp were 0.09, 0.10, 0.12, and 0.15 μg kg−1 for SEM, respectively, with the linear range of 0.08–0.41 μg L−1, the recoveries ranging from 73.5% to 109.2%, and the coefficient of variation <15%, only taking 13 min for the SEM detection. The analysis of animal-derived foods by bFQICA complied with that of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Effect of Barrel-to-Barrel Variation on Color and Phenolic Composition of a Red Wine
Authors: Pfahl Leonard , Catarino Sofia , Fontes Natacha , Graça António , Ricardo-da-Silva Jorge
Published: July 2021

Tangible variation of sensory characteristics is often observed in wine aged in similar barrels. Barrel-to-barrel variation in barrel-aged wines was investigated in respect of the most important phenolic compounds of oenological interest. A red wine was aged in 49 medium-toasted oak (Quercus petraea) barrels, from four cooperages, for 12 months. The resulting wines were evaluated for chromatic characteristics, anthocyanin-related parameters, total phenols, flavonoids and non-flavonoids phenols, flavanol monomers, and oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins. PCA and ANOVA were applied to investigate the relationships between barrels and to assess cooperage and individual barrel effect. Three cooperages influenced the wine similarly during aging. Anthocyanin-related parameters showed the highest variation, 25–37%, other phenolics varied 3–8.5%, and with two exceptions, chromatic characteristics changed 1.7–3%. The relationship between the number of barrels and the expected variation for each analytical parameter was calculated, as reference for future measurements involving barrel lots, either in wine production or experimental design.
The Use of SPME-GC-MS IR and Raman Techniques for Botanical and Geographical Authentication and Detection of Adulteration of Honey
Authors: Sotiropoulou Nefeli Sofia , Xagoraris Marinos , Revelou Panagiota Kyriaki , Kaparakou Eleftheria , Kanakis Charalabos , Pappas Christos , Tarantilis Petros
Published: July 2021

The aim of this review is to describe the chromatographic, spectrometric, and spectroscopic techniques applied to honey for the determination of botanical and geographical origin and detection of adulteration. Based on the volatile profile of honey and using Solid Phase microextraction-Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) analytical technique, botanical and geographical characterization of honey can be successfully determined. In addition, the use of vibrational spectroscopic techniques, in particular, infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, are discussed as a tool for the detection of honey adulteration and verification of its botanical and geographical origin. Manipulation of the obtained data regarding all the above-mentioned techniques was performed using chemometric analysis. This article reviews the literature between 2007 and 2020.
A Systematic Analysis of Research on Arcobacter: Public Health Implications from a Food–Environment Interphase Perspective
Authors: Iwu Chidozie Declan , Ekundayo Temitope Cyrus , Okoh Anthony Ifeanyin
Published: July 2021

This review maps the global research landscape of the public health implications of Arcobacter from the food–environment interphase using content analytics and integrated science mapping. The search term “Arcobacter” was used to retrieve relevant articles published in Web of Science and Scopus between 1991 to 2019. The number of articles included in the review was 524, with 1304 authors, 172 journal sources, and a collaborative index of 2.55. The annual growth rate of the publications was 9.74%. The most contributing author in the field was Houf K., with 40 publications, 26 h-index, and 2020 total citations. The most productive country was the USA (13.33%). The majority of the articles were published in English (96%) and in the Journal of Food Protection (8.02%). The highest research outputs were in the field of Microbiology (264). The frequently occurred keywords were Arcobacter, poultry, shellfish, cattle, and chicken. This study revealed a fair increase in the growth rate of Arcobacter-related research—especially in the area of isolation and detection of the pathogen in foods and food environments, as well as the pathogenesis and genetic diversity of the pathogen. Research themes in the area of prevalence and epidemiology seem to be underexplored.
Comparison Performance of Visible-NIR and Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging for Prediction of Nutritional Quality of Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum L.)
Authors: Fatchurrahman Danial , Nosrati Mojtaba , Amodio Maria Luisa , Chaudhry Muhammad Mudassir Arif , de Chiara Maria Lucia Valeria , Mastrandrea Leonarda , Colelli Giancarlo
Published: July 2021

The potential of hyperspectral imaging for the prediction of the internal composition of goji berries was investigated. The prediction performances of models obtained in the Visible-Near Infrared (VIS-NIR) (400–1000 nm) and in the Near Infrared (NIR) (900–1700 nm) regions were compared. Analyzed constituents included Vitamin C, total antioxidant, phenols, anthocyanin, soluble solids content (SSC), and total acidity (TA). For vitamin C and AA, partial least square regression (PLSR) combined with different data pretreatments and wavelength selection resulted in a satisfactory prediction in the NIR region obtaining the R2pred value of 0.91. As for phenols, SSC, and TA, a better performance was obtained in the VIS-NIR region yielding the R2pred values of 0.62, 0.94, and 0.84, respectively. However, the prediction of total antioxidant and anthocyanin content did not give satisfactory results. Conclusively, hyperspectral imaging can be a useful tool for the prediction of the main constituents of the goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.).
Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Organogel-Based Lipstick Formulations: Application in Cosmetics
Authors: Esposito Cloé L. , Kirilov Plamen
Published: July 2021

1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) and 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) are well-known as low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs) capable of gelling an organic liquid phase. Considering their unique chemical and physical properties, we assessed their potential effects in new lipstick formulations by discrimination testing; in vitro measurements of the sun protection factor (SPF); and thermal, mechanical and texture analyzes. DBS and 12-HSA were used to formulate four types of lipsticks: L1 (1% DBS), L2 (10% 12-HSA), L3 (1.5% DBS) and L4 (control, no LMOGs). The lipsticks were tested for sensory perception with an untrained panel of 16 consumers. LMOG formulations exhibited higher UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) and in vitro SPF, particularly in the 12-HSA-based lipstick. Regarding thermal properties, the 12-HSA-based lipstick and those without LMOGs were more heat-amenable compared to thermoresistant DBS-based lipsticks. The results also showed the viscoelastic and thermally reversible properties of LMOGs and their effect of increasing pay-off values. In general, the texture analysis indicated that 12-HSA-based lipstick was significantly harder to bend compared to control, while the other formulations became softer and easier to bend throughout the stability study. This work suggests the potential use of LMOGs as a structuring agent for lipsticks, paving the way towards more photoprotective and sustainable alternatives.
Hydroxyurea—The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
Authors: Musiałek Marcelina W. , Rybaczek Dorota
Published: July 2021

Hydroxyurea (HU) is mostly referred to as an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and as the agent that is commonly used to arrest cells in the S-phase of the cycle by inducing replication stress. It is a well-known and widely used drug, one which has proved to be effective in treating chronic myeloproliferative disorders and which is considered a staple agent in sickle anemia therapy and—recently—a promising factor in preventing cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. The reversibility of HU-induced replication inhibition also makes it a common laboratory ingredient used to synchronize cell cycles. On the other hand, prolonged treatment or higher dosage of hydroxyurea causes cell death due to accumulation of DNA damage and oxidative stress. Hydroxyurea treatments are also still far from perfect and it has been suggested that it facilitates skin cancer progression. Also, recent studies have shown that hydroxyurea may affect a larger number of enzymes due to its less specific interaction mechanism, which may contribute to further as-yet unspecified factors affecting cell response. In this review, we examine the actual state of knowledge about hydroxyurea and the mechanisms behind its cytotoxic effects. The practical applications of the recent findings may prove to enhance the already existing use of the drug in new and promising ways.
The Trifecta of Single-Cell, Systems-Biology, and Machine-Learning Approaches
Authors: Weiskittel Taylor M. , Correia Cristina , Yu Grace T. , Ung Choong Yong , Kaufmann Scott H. , Billadeau Daniel D. , Li Hu
Published: July 2021

Together, single-cell technologies and systems biology have been used to investigate previously unanswerable questions in biomedicine with unparalleled detail. Despite these advances, gaps in analytical capacity remain. Machine learning, which has revolutionized biomedical imaging analysis, drug discovery, and systems biology, is an ideal strategy to fill these gaps in single-cell studies. Machine learning additionally has proven to be remarkably synergistic with single-cell data because it remedies unique challenges while capitalizing on the positive aspects of single-cell data. In this review, we describe how systems-biology algorithms have layered machine learning with biological components to provide systems level analyses of single-cell omics data, thus elucidating complex biological mechanisms. Accordingly, we highlight the trifecta of single-cell, systems-biology, and machine-learning approaches and illustrate how this trifecta can significantly contribute to five key areas of scientific research: cell trajectory and identity, individualized medicine, pharmacology, spatial omics, and multi-omics. Given its success to date, the systems-biology, single-cell omics, and machine-learning trifecta has proven to be a potent combination that will further advance biomedical research.
No Association of Early-Onset Breast or Ovarian Cancer with Early-Onset Cancer in Relatives in BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation Families
Authors: Imbert-Bouteille Marion , Corsini Carole , Picot Marie-Christine , Mizrahy Lucas , Akouete Sandrine , Huguet Helena , Thomas Frédéric , Geneviève David , Taourel Patrice , Ychou Marc , Galibert Virginie , Rideau Chloé , Baudry Karen , Kogut Kubiak Tatiana , Coupier Isabelle , Hobeika Rémy , Macary Yvette , Toledano Alain , Solassol Jérôme , Maalouf Antoine , Daures Jean-Pierre , Pujol Pascal
Published: July 2021

According to clinical guidelines, the occurrence of very early-onset breast cancer (VEO-BC) (diagnosed ≤ age 30 years) or VEO ovarian cancer (VEO-OC) (diagnosed ≤ age 40 years) in families with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (BRCAm) prompts advancing the age of risk-reducing strategies in relatives. This study aimed to assess the relation between the occurrence of VEO-BC or VEO-OC in families with BRCAm and age at BC or OC diagnosis in relatives. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study of 448 consecutive families with BRCAm from 2003 to 2018. Mean age and 5-year–span distribution of age at BC or OC in relatives were compared in families with or without VEO-BC or VEO-OC. Conditional probability calculation and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel chi-square tests were used to investigate early-onset cancer occurrence in relatives of VEO-BC and VEO-OC cases. Overall, 15% (19/245) of families with BRCA1m and 9% (19/203) with BRCA2m featured at least one case of VEO-BC; 8% (37/245) and 2% (2/203) featured at least one case of VEO-OC, respectively. The cumulative prevalence of VEO-BC was 5.1% (95% CI 3.6–6.6) and 2.5% (95% CI 1.4–3.6) for families with BRCA1m and BRCA2m, respectively. The distribution of age and mean age at BC diagnosis in relatives did not differ by occurrence of VEO-BC for families with BRCA1m or BRCA2m. Conditional probability calculations did not show an increase of early-onset BC in VEO-BC families with BRCA1m or BRCA2m. Conversely, the probability of VEO-BC was not increased in families with early-onset BC. VEO-BC or VEO-OC occurrence may not be related to young age at BC or OC onset in relatives in families with BRCAm. This finding—together with a relatively high VEO-BC risk for women with BRCAm—advocates for MRI breast screening from age 25 regardless of family history.
Nature of Ore Fluid at the Sopokomil Zn-Pb Deposit, North Sumatra, Indonesia: Implications for Metal Transport and Sulfide Deposition
Authors: Rivai Tomy Alvin , Syafrizal Syafrizal , Yonezu Kotaro , Sanematsu Kenzo , Watanabe Koichiro
Published: July 2021

Little is known about the nature of ore fluid at the Sopokomil shale-hosted massive sulfide Zn-Pb deposit (North Sumatra, Indonesia). We therefore investigated its ore-fluid salinities, temperatures, densities, redox state, and pH using fluid inclusion microthermometry, sphalerite composition, and thermodynamic modelling. The fluid salinities and temperatures were ≈6 wt.% NaCl equiv and ≈165 °C, respectively, corresponding to an ore fluid less dense than seawater (≈0.96 g/mL). Sphalerite contains ≈9.9 mole% FeS in the stratiform ore and ≈3.4 mole% FeS in the feeder ore, suggesting a reduced fluid, which must have been acidic to be fertile. Such redox state and acidity invoke fluid dilution as the sulfide depositional mechanism. The bulk of the sulfides were precipitated in the early stage of mixing, within T = 165–155 °C. Key ingredients of sphalerite and galena at Sopokomil include (1) Zn that was primarily transported as ZnCl+, (2) Pb that predominantly occurred as PbCl2(aq), and (3) S that was largely supplied by marine sediment porewater. This study highlights the significance of a dramatic shift in thermal and chemical equilibrium induced by fluid dilution in the making of the first significant shale-hosted massive sulfide Zn-Pb deposit in Indonesia.
Role of Laboratory Medicine in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics. Lessons Learned from a Pandemic
Authors: Duś-Ilnicka Irena , Szymczak Aleksander , Małodobra-Mazur Małgorzata , Tokarski Miron
Published: July 2021

Since the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak began in Wuhan, China, diagnostic methods in the field of molecular biology have been developing faster than ever under the vigilant eye of world’s research community. Unfortunately, the medical community was not prepared for testing such large volumes or ranges of biological materials, whether blood samples for antibody immunological testing, or salivary/swab samples for real-time PCR. For this reason, many medical diagnostic laboratories have made the switch to working in the field of molecular biology, and research undertaken to speed up the flow of samples through laboratory. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the current literature on laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection available on pubmed.gov, Google Scholar, and according to the writers’ knowledge and experience of the laboratory medicine. It assesses the available information in the field of molecular biology by comparing real-time PCR, LAMP technique, RNA sequencing, and immunological diagnostics, and examines the newest techniques along with their limitations for use in SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics.
Differences in Dietary Habits, Physical Exercise, and Quality of Life between Patients with Obesity and Overweight
Authors: Herrera-Espiñeira Carmen , de Pascual y Medina Ana María , López-Morales Manuel , Díaz Jiménez Paloma , Rodríguez Ruiz Antonia , Expósito-Ruiz Manuela
Published: July 2021

Background: Overweight and obesity differ in their repercussions on the health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients. The objective of this study was to compare physical activity levels and dietary habits before admission and HRQoL at discharge between patients with obesity and overweight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among participants in a clinical trial on education for healthy eating and physical activity, enrolling non-diabetic patients admitted to Internal Medicine Departments. These were classified by body mass index (BMI) as having overweight (25–29.9 Kg/m2) or obesity (≥30 kg/m2). Data were gathered on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical variables (medication for anxiety/depression, Charlson Comorbidity Index, length of hospital stay), physical exercise and diet (International Physical Activity and Pardo Questionnaires), and HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L). The study included 98 patients with overweight (58.2% males) and 177 with obesity (52% males). Results: In comparison to patients with obesity, those with overweight obtained better results for regular physical exercise (p = 0.007), healthy diet (p = 0.004), and “emotional eating” (p = 0.017). No between-group difference was found in HqoL scores. Conclusion: Patients with overweight and obesity differ in healthy dietary and physical exercise behaviors. Greater efforts are warranted to prevent an increase in the BMI of patients, paying special attention to their state of mind.
Can Residential Greenspace Exposure Improve Pain Experience? A Comparison between Physical Visit and Image Viewing
Authors: Li Hansen , Zhang Xing , Bi Shilin , Cao Yang , Zhang Guodong
Published: July 2021

Reducing the burden of pain via greenspace exposure is a rising research topic. However, insufficient evidence has been found in relation to the environmental effect itself. Residential greenspace, as a convenient but limited natural environment for urban dwellers, has benefits and services yet to be discovered. Therefore, the current study recruited 24 young adults to evaluate the effects of physical visit to, or image viewing of, residential greenspace on pain perception and related psychophysiological outcomes, via simulated pain. Pain threshold and tolerance were recorded via the level of pain stimuli, and pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The state scale of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and two adjective pairs were employed to measure the state anxiety and subjective stress, respectively. Meanwhile, heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) were measured to investigate physiological responses. Besides, Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) was also employed to assess participants’ preference regarding the experimental environments. The results revealed that visiting the greenspace significantly increased the pain threshold and tolerance, while no significant effect was observed for image viewing. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in pain-related psychophysiological indices between the experimental settings, but significantly negative associations were found between the scores of SBE and subjective stress and state anxiety. In conclusion, the current study brings experimental evidence of improving pain experience via residential greenspace exposure, while the related psychophysiological benefits require further investigation.
Ecosystem Service Function and Assessment of the Value of Grape Industry in Soil-Burial Over-Wintering Areas
Authors: Wang Zhilei , Cao Xiao , Zhang Liang , Han Xing , Wang Ying , Wang Hua , Li Hua
Published: July 2021

As a representative economic crop with the potential for long-term sustainable development, grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) bring direct economic benefits to the people, and the indirect ecological benefits produced by grapevines cannot be ignored. This study utilized relevant statistical data from the government sectors and data obtained at vineyards and wineries through interviews and surveys. The value of the ecosystem service of the grape industry in soil-burial over-wintering areas was first evaluated from four first-level indicators types and 10 s-level indicators types, using Hongsibu of the eastern foothill of Helan Mountain, Ningxia, as an example. The results show that the total current benefits of the grape industry ecosystem service function in Hongsibu are ¥ 1067 million. The direct economic benefits are ¥ 660 million and indirect ecological benefits are ¥ 407 million. The value ranking of the first-level function types is as follows: supply services > cultural services > support services > regulatory services. The ranking of the value of second-level function types is as follows: food production > ecological poverty alleviation > biodiversity > carbon fixation and oxygen release > ecotourism > air purification > nutrient accumulation > water conservation and efficiency > water holding > soil conservation. Cultivation measures (such as burial-free cultivation technology, inter-row grass technology, and suspending grape branches after winter pruning technology) increased the value of the service function of the grape ecosystem and explored some potential benefits. The results indicated the necessity of assessing ecosystem service value of the grape industry, which could enable people to realize the direct economic benefits as well as the ecological benefits. Meanwhile, the positive effects of cultivation techniques on the value of ecosystem service function were demonstrated in soil-burial over-wintering areas. This study provides important reference value and comprehensive guidance for the healthy and sustainable development of the grape industry.
The Role of Hydrodynamics on the Sustainable Mussels’ Culture Activity. The Case of the Chalastra Basin (NW Gulf of Thessaloniki)
Authors: Papadimitriou Chrysi A. , Savvidis Yiannis G. , Galinou-Mitsoudi Sofia , Moriki Amalia
Published: July 2021

In line with the framework of strategic guidelines for marine aquacultures, mussel cultures have to be operated in Areas of Organized Aquaculture Development (AOAD). Forty per cent of the national mussel culture production, which is based in Chalastra (NW Gulf of Thessaloniki, part of the Thermaikos Gulf), uses pole and longline systems. Due to legislative changes, both farmers and the authorities are in the process of reforming the existing units and planning processes based on the principles of sustainability, as defined in AOAD. The aim of this study is to estimate the appropriate orientation lines on which the mussel socks are to be placed in the mussel culturing units, in relation to the direction of sea currents for optimum water circulation in AOAD. The hydro-dynamics of the Chalastra basin is mainly wind driven and affected by prevailing northerly and southerly winds during winter and summer periods, respectively. When placed perpendicular to sea currents, the socks in the mussel production lines form an obstacle. Thus, the appropriate orientation of pole and longline units based on natural current directions can comprise a useful tool for sustainable mussel cultures. The benefits arising from the application of the proposed scheme are twofold: (a) productivity through the appropriate circulation and regeneration of nutrients can be maximized and (b) the environmental impacts of mussel culture activity can be minimized, as byproducts can more easily be dispersed of and biodegraded. In the present study, two basic schemes are proposed: (a) the division of AOAD is being researched into three sub-areas for pole and long-line units respectively and (b) the placement of the shortest possible length of production lines parallel to sea currents.
Association of IL-10 and TNF-α Polymorphisms with Dental Peri-Implant Disease Risk: A Meta-Analysis, Meta-Regression, and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Jamshidy Ladan , Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar , Choubsaz Parsia , Sadeghi Masoud , Tadakamadla Jyothi
Published: July 2021

Genetic susceptibility has been reported to be an important risk factor for peri-implant disease (PID). The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between TNF-α and IL-10 polymorphisms and PID susceptibility. The Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed/Medline databases were searched for studies published until 12 April 2021. RevMan 5.3, CMA 2.0, SPSS 22.0, and trial sequential analysis software were used. Twelve studies were included in our analysis. The pooled ORs for the association of TNF-α (−308 G > A), IL-10 (−1082 A > G), IL-10 (−819 C > T), and IL-10 (−592 A > C) polymorphisms were 1.12, 0.93, 1.35, and 0.77 for allelic; 1.42, 0.95, 3.41, and 0.34 for homozygous; 1.19, 1.88, 1.23, and 0.49 for heterozygous, 1.53, 1.12, 1.41, and 0.39 for recessive; and 1.16, 1.87, 2.65, and 0.75 for dominant models, respectively, with all the estimates being insignificant. The results showed an association between TNF-α (−308 G > A) polymorphism and the risk of PID in patients of Asian ethnicity (OR = 1.59; p = 0.03). The present meta-analysis illustrated that TNF-α (−308 G > A), IL-10 (−1082 A > G), IL-10 (−819 C > T), and IL-10 (−592 A > C) polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of PID, whereas TNF-α (−308 G > A) polymorphism was associated with an elevated risk of PID in Asian patients.
The Moderating Role of Personality in the Relationship between Internet Use and Study Abroad Difficulties
Authors: Ching Gregory-Siy
Published: July 2021

Studying abroad can be stressful due to culture shock and various other difficulties. However, with the current prevalence of information communication technology, we can surmise that study abroad difficulties should be minimal. Since it has been shown that an individual’s personality is highly associated with their internet use behaviors, it would be interesting to determine the effects of personality traits on the relationship between internet use motives and perceived study abroad difficulties. Data were collected from 1870 volunteer study abroad students in Taiwan. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that when controlling for the effects of age, gender, duration of stay, student status (short-term exchange or degree-seeking), and internet use motives (online benefits, habits, and facilitation), the personality trait neuroticism consistently showed significant relationships with the various study abroad difficulties. Moreover, moderation analyses revealed that all the personality traits except conscientiousness showed significant interactions with internet use, while simple slope comparisons showed significant differences between the high personality traits and their lower counterparts. In sum, an examination of the moderating role of personality traits in the relationship between internet use and study abroad difficulties may be useful for preemptively identifying at-risk students.
Nutrition Education Programs Aimed at African Mothers of Infant Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jardí Cristina , Casanova Byron David , Arija Victoria
Published: July 2021

Background: Child malnutrition is a major epidemiological problem in developing countries, especially in African countries. Nutrition education for mothers can alleviate this malnutrition in their young children. The objective of this study was to make a systematic review to assess the effect of intervention programs in nutrition education for African mothers on the nutritional status of their infants. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed database for clinical trials between November 2012 and 2021. The studies should contain educational programs to evaluate the impact on the infant’s nutritional indicators in children under 5 years (food consumption, anthropometry and/or knowledge of nutrition in caretakers). Results: A total of 20 articles were selected, of which 53% evaluated infant’s food consumption, 82% anthropometric measurements and 30% nutritional knowledge. In general, nutritional education programs are accredited with some significant improvements in food and nutrient consumption, knowledge and dietary practices in complementary feeding, but only those studies that implemented strategies in agriculture, educational workshops and supplementation obtained reductions in chronic malnutrition figures. Limitations: There is high heterogeneity in the articles included, since the intervention programs have different approaches. Conclusions: Programs that implemented actions of national agriculture or nutritional supplementation reap the greatest benefits in curbing infant malnutrition.
3D-Printed Collagen-Based Waveform Microfibrous Scaffold for Periodontal Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Lin Hsu-Hsiang , Chao Pen-Hsiu Grace , Tai Wei-Chiu , Chang Po-Chun
Published: July 2021

Reconstruction of the periodontal ligament (PDL) to fulfill functional requirement remains a challenge. This study sought to develop a biomimetic microfibrous system capable of withstanding the functional load to assist PDL regeneration. Collagen-based straight and waveform microfibers to guide PDL cell growth were prepared using an extrusion-based bioprinter, and a laminar flow-based bioreactor was used to generate fluidic shear stress. PDL cells were seeded on the respective microfibers with 0 or 6 dynes/cm2 fluidic shear stress for 1–4 h. The viability, morphology, adhesion pattern, and gene expression levels of PDL cells were assessed. The results revealed that upon bioprinting optimization, collagen-based microfibers were successfully fabricated. The straight microfibers were 189.9 ± 11.44 μm wide and the waveform microfibers were 235.9 ± 11.22 μm wide. Under 6 dynes/cm2 shear stress, PDL cells were successfully seeded, and cytoskeleton expansion, adhesion, and viability were greater. Cyclin D, E-cadherin, and periostin were upregulated on the waveform microfibers. In conclusion, 3D-printed collagen-based waveform microfibers preserved PDL cell viability and exhibited an enhanced tendency to promote healing and regeneration under shear stress. This approach is promising for the development of a guiding scaffold for PDL regeneration.
Modelling Mitochondrial Disease in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: What Have We Learned?
Authors: McKnight Cameron L. , Low Yau Chung , Elliott David A. , Thorburn David R. , Frazier Ann E.
Published: July 2021

Mitochondrial diseases disrupt cellular energy production and are among the most complex group of inherited genetic disorders. Affecting approximately 1 in 5000 live births, they are both clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and can be highly tissue specific, but most often affect cell types with high energy demands in the brain, heart, and kidneys. There are currently no clinically validated treatment options available, despite several agents showing therapeutic promise. However, modelling these disorders is challenging as many non-human models of mitochondrial disease do not completely recapitulate human phenotypes for known disease genes. Additionally, access to disease-relevant cell or tissue types from patients is often limited. To overcome these difficulties, many groups have turned to human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to model mitochondrial disease for both nuclear-DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) contexts. Leveraging the capacity of hPSCs to differentiate into clinically relevant cell types, these models permit both detailed investigation of cellular pathomechanisms and validation of promising treatment options. Here we catalogue hPSC models of mitochondrial disease that have been generated to date, summarise approaches and key outcomes of phenotypic profiling using these models, and discuss key criteria to guide future investigations using hPSC models of mitochondrial disease.
Methylprednisolone Induces Extracellular Trap Formation and Enhances Bactericidal Effect of Canine Neutrophils
Authors: Steffensen Nicole , Imker Rabea , Lassnig Simon , Fulde Marcus , Rieder Johanna C. , de Buhr Nicole
Published: July 2021

Methylprednisolone is a glucocorticoid and can negatively influence immune defense mechanisms. During bacterial infections in the dog, neutrophils infiltrate infected tissue and mediate antimicrobial effects with different mechanisms such as phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Here, we investigated the influence of methylprednisolone on canine NET formation and neutrophil killing efficiency of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, canine blood derived neutrophils were treated with different concentrations of methylprednisolone over time. The survival factor of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Streptococcus canis or Escherichia coli was determined in presence of stimulated neutrophils. Additionally, free DNA and nucleosomes as NET marker were analyzed in supernatants and neutrophils were assessed for NET formation by immunofluorescence microscopy. Methylprednisolone concentrations of 62.5 and 625 µg/mL enhanced the neutrophil killing of Gram positive bacteria, whereas no significant influence was detected for the Gram negative Escherichia coli. Interestingly, higher amounts of free DNA were detected under methylprednisolone stimulation in a concentration dependency and in the presence of Streptococcus canis and Escherichia coli. The nucleosome release by neutrophils is induced by bacterial infection and differs depending on the concentration of methylprednisolone. Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy analysis identified methylprednisolone at a concentration of 62.5 µg/mL as a NET inducer. In summary, methylprednisolone enhances NET-formation and time-dependent and concentration-dependent the bactericidal effect of canine neutrophils on Gram positive bacteria.
The bZIP Transcription Factor HapX Is Post-Translationally Regulated to Control Iron Homeostasis in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: López-Berges Manuel Sánchez , Scheven Mareike Thea , Hortschansky Peter , Misslinger Matthias , Baldin Clara , Gsaller Fabio , Werner Ernst R. , Krüger Thomas , Kniemeyer Olaf , Weber Jakob , Brakhage Axel A. , Haas Hubertus
Published: July 2021

The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus causes opportunistic infections in humans with high mortality rates in immunocompromised patients. Previous work established that the bZIP transcription factor HapX is essential for virulence via adaptation to iron limitation by repressing iron-consuming pathways and activating iron acquisition mechanisms. Moreover, HapX was shown to be essential for transcriptional activation of vacuolar iron storage and iron-dependent pathways in response to iron availability. Here, we demonstrate that HapX has a very short half-life during iron starvation, which is further decreased in response to iron, while siderophore biosynthetic enzymes are very stable. We identified Fbx22 and SumO as HapX interactors and, in agreement, HapX post-translational modifications including ubiquitination of lysine161, sumoylation of lysine242 and phosphorylation of threonine319. All three modifications were enriched in the immediate adaptation from iron-limiting to iron-replete conditions. Interfering with these post-translational modifications, either by point mutations or by inactivation, of Fbx22 or SumO, altered HapX degradation, heme biosynthesis and iron resistance to different extents. Consistent with the need to precisely regulate HapX protein levels, overexpression of hapX caused significant growth defects under iron sufficiency. Taken together, our results indicate that post-translational regulation of HapX is important to control iron homeostasis in A. fumigatus.
Actin Isovariant ACT7 Modulates Root Thermomorphogenesis by Altering Intracellular Auxin Homeostasis
Authors: Parveen Sumaya , Rahman Abidur
Published: July 2021

High temperature stress is one of the most threatening abiotic stresses for plants limiting the crop productivity world-wide. Altered developmental responses of plants to moderate-high temperature has been shown to be linked to the intracellular auxin homeostasis regulated by both auxin biosynthesis and transport. Trafficking of the auxin carrier proteins plays a major role in maintaining the cellular auxin homeostasis. The intracellular trafficking largely relies on the cytoskeletal component, actin, which provides track for vesicle movement. Different classes of actin and the isovariants function in regulating various stages of plant development. Although high temperature alters the intracellular trafficking, the role of actin in this process remains obscure. Using isovariant specific vegetative class actin mutants, here we demonstrate that ACTIN 7 (ACT7) isovariant plays an important role in regulating the moderate-high temperature response in Arabidopsis root. Loss of ACT7, but not ACT8 resulted in increased inhibition of root elongation under prolonged moderate-high temperature. Consistently, kinematic analysis revealed a drastic reduction in cell production rate and cell elongation in act7-4 mutant under high temperature. Quantification of actin dynamicity reveals that prolonged moderate-high temperature modulates bundling along with orientation and parallelness of filamentous actin in act7-4 mutant. The hypersensitive response of act7-4 mutant was found to be linked to the altered intracellular auxin distribution, resulted from the reduced abundance of PIN-FORMED PIN1 and PIN2 efflux carriers. Collectively, these results suggest that vegetative class actin isovariant, ACT7 modulates the long-term moderate-high temperature response in Arabidopsis root.
In Silico Prediction of the Mechanism of Action of Pyriproxyfen and 4′-OH-Pyriproxyfen against A. mellifera and H. sapiens Receptors
Authors: Spaggiari Giulia , Iovine Nadia , Cozzini Pietro
Published: July 2021

Background. Poisoning from pesticides can be extremely hazardous for non-invasive species, such as bees, and humans causing nearly 300,000 deaths worldwide every year. Several pesticides are recognized as endocrine disruptors compounds that alter the production of the normal hormones mainly by acting through their interaction with nuclear receptors (NRs). Among the insecticides, one of the most used is pyriproxyfen. As analogous to the juvenile hormone, the pyriproxyfen acts in the bee’s larval growth and creates malformations at the adult organism level. Methods. This work aims to investigate the possible negative effects of pyriproxyfen and its metabolite, the 4′-OH-pyriproxyfen, on human and bee health. We particularly investigated the mechanism of binding of pyriproxyfen and its metabolite with ultraspiracle protein/ecdysone receptor (USP-EcR) dimer of A. mellifera and the relative heterodimer farnesoid X receptor/retinoid X receptor alpha (FXR-RXRα) of H. sapiens using molecular dynamic simulations. Results. The results revealed that pyriproxyfen and its metabolite, the 4′-OH- pyriproxyfen, stabilize each dimer and resulted in stronger binders than the natural ligands. Conclusion. We demonstrated the endocrine interference of two pesticides and explained their possible mechanism of action. Furthermore, in vitro studies should be carried out to evaluate the biological effects of pyriproxyfen and its metabolite.