bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making in R&D Project Manager Selection
Authors: Hajeeh Mohammed A.
Published: July 2013

Project managers perform better and lead projects to a successful end if their characteristics match with the requirements of the position. Manager of a research project should not only have a solid scientific background, but also possess attributes of a leader. Incompetent research and development (R&D) managers can cause grievances, complaints, employee turnover, and organizational disruptions. The process of selecting the best project manager among several candidates involves comparing both tangible and intangible attributes. Such a complex problem involves satisfying several objectives simultaneously. Hence the most suitable methods are multi-criteria decision making techniques. In this article, a fuzzy linguistic problem is addressed using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to identify the most suitable manager to lead an R&D project. A selection committee of five experts is formed to choose the best applicant on the basis of eight criteria. In the final analysis, leadership is found to be the most important criterion followed by scientific accomplishments.
Critical Factors Affecting Effective Management of Site Personnel and Operatives in Confined Site Construction
Authors: Spillane John P. , Oyedele Lukumon O. , von Meding Jason , Konanahalli Ashwini , Jaiyeoba Babatunde E. , Tijani Iyabo K.
Published: July 2013

The aim of this paper is to identify and classify the numerous managerial issues encountered in the management of personnel in confined site construction. For the purpose of this research, a confined construction site is defined as a site where permanent works fit the site footprint, extending to levels above and/or below ground level, leaving spatial restrictions for other operations (e.g. plant and material movements, materials storage and temporary accommodation etc.) and require effective resource co-ordination beyond normal on-site management input. A literature review and analysis, case studies incorporating interviews and focus groups, and a questionnaire survey were used in order to gain a comprehensive insight into the issues of management of personnel in a confined construction site environment. The following are the top five leading issues highlighted; (1) Accidents due to an untidy site, (2) One contractor holding up another because of the lack of space, (3) A risk to personnel because of vehicular traffic on-site, (4) Difficult to facilitate several contractors at one work location, and (5) Numerous personnel working within the one space. In today’s modern environment, spatial restrictions are quickly becoming the norm in the industry. Therefore, the management of personnel on-site becomes progressively more difficult with the decrease in available space on-site. Where such environments exist, acknowledging the numerous issues highlighted above, aids site management in the supervision and co-ordination of personnel on-site, thus reducing accidents, increasing productivity and increasing profit margins. As on-site management professionals successfully identify, acknowledge and counteract the numerous issues illustrated, the successful management of personnel on a confined construction site is achievable. By identifying the numerous issues, on-site management can proactively mitigate such issues through adopting counteractive measures and through successful identification of the traits identified.
Prototypic Long Pentraxin PTX3 Is Present in Breast Milk, Spreads in Tissues, and Protects Neonate Mice from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection
Authors: Jaillon Sébastien , Mancuso Giuseppe , Hamon Yveline , Beauvillain Céline , Cotici Viorica , Midiri Angelina , Bottazzi Barbara , Nebuloni Manuela , Garlanda Cecilia , Frémaux Isabelle , Gauchat Jean-François , Descamps Philippe , Beninati Concetta , Mantovani Alberto , Jeannin Pascale , Delneste Yves
Published: July 2013

Newborns and infants present a higher susceptibility to infection than adults, a vulnerability associated with deficiencies in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Innate immune receptors are sensors involved in the recognition and elimination of microbes that play a pivotal role at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), the prototypic long pentraxin, is a soluble pattern recognition receptor involved in the initiation of protective responses against selected pathogens. Because neonates are generally resistant to these pathogens, we suspected that PTX3 may be provided by a maternal source during the early life times. We observed that human colostrum contains high levels of PTX3, and that mammary epithelial cell and CD11b+ milk cells constitutively produce PTX3. Interestingly, PTX3 given orally to neonate mice was rapidly distributed in different organs, and PTX3 ingested during lactation was detected in neonates. Finally, we observed that orally administered PTX3 provided protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in neonate mice. Therefore, breastfeeding constitutes, during the early life times, an important source of PTX3, which actively participates in the protection of neonates against infections. In addition, these results suggest that PTX3 might represent a therapeutic tool for treating neonatal infections and support the view that breastfeeding has beneficial effects on the neonates’ health.
ERAAP and Tapasin Independently Edit the Amino and Carboxyl Termini of MHC Class I Peptides
Authors: Kanaseki Takayuki , Lind Kristin Camfield , Escobar Hernando , Nagarajan Niranjana , Reyes-Vargas Eduardo , Rudd Brant , Rockwood Alan L. , Van Kaer Luc , Sato Noriyuki , Delgado Julio C. , Shastri Nilabh
Published: July 2013

Effective CD8+ T cell responses depend on presentation of a stable peptide repertoire by MHC class I (MHC I) molecules on the cell surface. The overall quality of peptide–MHC I complexes (pMHC I) is determined by poorly understood mechanisms that generate and load peptides with appropriate consensus motifs onto MHC I. In this article, we show that both tapasin (Tpn), a key component of the peptide loading complex, and the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with Ag processing (ERAAP) are quintessential editors of distinct structural features of the peptide repertoire. We carried out reciprocal immunization of wild-type mice with cells from Tpn- or ERAAP-deficient mice. Specificity analysis of T cell responses showed that absence of Tpn or ERAAP independently altered the peptide repertoire by causing loss as well as gain of new pMHC I. Changes in amino acid sequences of MHC-bound peptides revealed that ERAAP and Tpn, respectively, defined the characteristic amino and carboxy termini of canonical MHC I peptides. Thus, the optimal pMHC I repertoire is produced by two distinct peptide editing steps in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Slower ozone production in Houston, Texas following emission reductions: evidence from Texas Air Quality Studies in 2000 and 2006
Authors: Zhou W. , Cohan D. S. , Henderson B. H.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Airborne measurements from two Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) field campaigns have been used to investigate changes of ozone production in Houston, Texas, from 2000 to 2006, a period of major emission reduction measures at petrochemical and other sources. Simultaneous declines in nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) and highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOCs) were observed between the two periods. We simulated HOx (OH and HO2) and organic radicals with a box model, the Dynamically Simple Model of Atmospheric Chemical Complexity, constrained by available airborne observations. Parameters such as total radical production, total OH reactivity of VOCs and ozone production rate (P(O3) are computed to characterize the change of ozone production between 2000 and 2006 in the Houston area. The reduction in HRVOCs led to a decline in total radical production by 20–50%. Ozone production rates in the Houston area declined by 40–50% from 2000 to 2006, to which the reduction in NOx and HRVOCs had large contributions. Despite the significant decline in P(O3), ozone production efficiency held steady, and VOC-sensitive conditions dominated during times of most rapid ozone formation. Our results highlight the importance of ongoing HRVOC controls to further reduce O3 levels in the Houston area.
Tropospheric CO vertical profiles deduced from total columns using data assimilation: methodology and validation
Authors: El Amraoui L. , Attié J.-L. , Ricaud P. , Lahoz W. A. , Piacentini A. , Peuch V.-H. , Warner J. X. , Abida R. , Barré J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This paper presents a validation of a method to derive the vertical profile of carbon monoxide (CO) from its total column using data assimilation. The main motivation of this study is twofold. First, to deduce both the vertical CO profiles and the assimilated CO fields with good confidence. Second, for chemical species that can be measured only as the total column, this method provides an attractive alternative for estimating their vertical profiles in the troposphere. We choose version 3 (V3) of MOPITT CO total columns to validate the proposed method. MOPITT has the advantage of providing both the vertical profiles and the total columns of CO. Furthermore, this version has been extensively validated by comparison with many independent datasets, and has been used in many scientific studies. The first step of the paper consists in the specification of the observation errors based on the Chi-square (χ2) test. The observations have been binned according to day, night, land and sea (LAND_DAY, LAND_NIGHT and SEA, respectively). The respective optimal observation error values for which the χ2 metric is the closest to 1 are: 7%, 8% and 11% for SEA, LAND_DAY and LAND_NIGHT, respectively. In a second step, the CO total column, with its specified errors, is used within the assimilation system to estimate the vertical profiles. These are validated by comparison with vertical profiles of MOPITT V3 retrievals at global and regional scales. Generally, both datasets show similar patterns and good agreement at both global and regional scales. Nevertheless, the total column analyses (TOTCOL_ANALYSES) slightly overestimate CO concentrations compared to MOPITT observations. In a third step, vertical profiles calculated from TOTCOL_ANALYSES have been compared to those calculated from the assimilation of MOPITT V3 vertical profiles (PROFILE_ANALYSES). Both datasets shows very good agreement, but TOTCOL_ANALYSES tend to slightly overestimate CO concentrations. The mean bias between both datasets is 6% and 8% at the pressure levels 700 and 200 hPa, respectively. In terms of zonal means, the CO distribution is similar for both analyses. The mean bias between these datasets is low and doesn't exceed 12%. These results confirm that both analyses (total column and vertical profiles) are in very good agreement at global and regional scales.
Effects of vegetation heterogeneity and surface topography on spatial scaling of net primary productivity
Authors: Chen J. M. , Chen X. , Ju W.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the land surface, spatial scaling is an inevitable issue in the development of land models coupled with low-resolution Earth system models (ESMs) for predicting land-atmosphere interactions and carbon-climate feedbacks. In this study, a simple spatial scaling algorithm is developed to correct errors in net primary productivity (NPP) estimates made at a coarse spatial resolution based on sub-pixel information of vegetation heterogeneity and surface topography. An eco-hydrological model BEPS-TerrainLab, which considers both vegetation and topographical effects on the vertical and lateral water flows and the carbon cycle, is used to simulate NPP at 30 m and 1 km resolutions for a 5700 km2 watershed with an elevation range from 518 m to 3767 m in the Qinling Mountain, Shanxi Province, China. Assuming that the NPP simulated at 30 m resolution represents the reality and that at 1 km resolution is subject to errors due to sub-pixel heterogeneity, a spatial scaling index (SSI) is developed to correct the coarse resolution NPP values pixel by pixel. The agreement between the NPP values at these two resolutions is improved considerably from R2 = 0.782 to R2 = 0.884 after the correction. The mean bias error (MBE) in NPP modelled at the 1 km resolution is reduced from 14.8 g C m−2 yr−1 to 4.8 g C m−2 yr−1 in comparison with NPP modelled at 30 m resolution, where the mean NPP is 668 g C m−2 yr−1. The range of spatial variations of NPP at 30 m resolution is larger than that at 1 km resolution. Land cover fraction is the most important vegetation factor to be considered in NPP spatial scaling, and slope is the most important topographical factor for NPP spatial scaling especially in mountainous areas, because of its influence on the lateral water redistribution, affecting water table, soil moisture and plant growth. Other factors including leaf area index (LAI) and elevation have small and additive effects on improving the spatial scaling between these two resolutions.
Forward modelling of tree-ring width and comparison with a global network of tree-ring chronologies
Authors: Breitenmoser P. , Brönnimann S. , Frank D.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. We investigate the relationship between climate and tree-ring data on a global scale using the process-based Vaganov–Shashkin–Lite (VSL) forward model of tree-ring width formation. The VSL model requires as inputs only latitude, monthly mean temperature, and monthly accumulated precipitation. Hence, this simple, process-based model enables ring-width simulation at any location where monthly climate records exist. In this study, we analyse the growth response of simulated tree-rings to monthly climate conditions obtained from the CRU TS3.1 data set back to 1901. Our key aims are (a) to examine the relations between simulated and observed growth at 2287 globally distributed sites and (b) to evaluate the potential of the VSL model to reconstruct past climate. The assessment of the growth-onset threshold temperature of approximately 4–6 °C for most sites and species using a Bayesian estimation approach complements other studies on the lower temperature limits where plant growth may be sustained. Our results suggest that the VSL model skilfully simulates site level tree-ring series in response to climate forcing for a wide range of environmental conditions and species. Spatial aggregation of the tree-ring chronologies to reduce non-climatic noise at the site level yields notable improvements in the coherence between modelled and actual growth. The resulting distinct and coherent patterns of significant relationships between the aggregated and simulated series further demonstrate the VSL model's ability to skilfully capture the climatic signal contained in tree-series. Finally, we propose that the VSL model can be used as an observation operator in data assimilation approaches to reconstruct past climate.
Predicting natural streamflows in regulated snowmelt-driven watersheds using regionalization methods
Authors: Kim D. , Kaluarachchi J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Predicting streamflows in snow-fed watersheds in the Western United States is important for water allocation. Since many of these watersheds are heavily regulated through canal networks and reservoirs, predicting expected natural flows and therefore water availability under limited data is always a challenge. This study investigates the applicability of the flow duration curve (FDC) method for predicting natural flows in gauged and ungauged snow-fed watersheds. Point snow observations, air temperature, precipitation, and snow water equivalent, are used to simulate snowmelt process with SNOW-17 model and extended to streamflow generation by a FDC method with modified current precipitation index. For regulated (ungauged) watersheds, a parametric regional FDC method is applied to reconstruct natural flow. For comparison, a simplified Tank Model is used as well. The proximity regionalization method is used to generate streamflow using the Tank Model in ungauged watersheds. The results show that the FDC method can produce acceptable natural flow estimates in both gauged and ungauged watersheds under data limited conditions. The performance of the FDC method is better in watersheds with relatively low evapotranspiration (ET). Multiple donor data sets including current precipitation index are recommended to reduce uncertainty of the regional FDC method for ungauged watersheds. In spite of its simplicity, the FDC method can perform better than the Tank Model under minimal data availability.
Impacts of human activities and climate variability on green and blue water flows in the Heihe River Basin in Northwest China
Authors: Zang C. , Liu J. , Jiang L. , Gerten D.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Human activities and climate factors both affect the availability of water resources and the sustainability of water management. Especially in already dry regions, water has become more and more scarce with increasing requirements from growing population, economic development and diet shifts. Although progress has been made in understanding variability of runoff, the impacts of climate variability and human activities on flows of both green water (actual evapotranspiration) and blue water (discharge accumulated in the river network) remain less well understood. We study the spatial patterns of blue and green water flows and the impacts on them of human activities and climate variability as simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for an inland Heihe river basin located in Northwest China. The results show that total green and blue water flow increased from 1980 to 2005, mainly as a result of climate variability (upward precipitation trends). Direct human activities did not significantly change the total green and blue water flow. However, land use change led to a transformation of 206 million m3 from green to blue water flow, while farmland irrigation expansion resulted in a transformation of 66 million m3 from blue to green water flow. The synchronous climate variability caused an increase of green water flow by 469 million m3 and an increase of blue water flow by 146 million m3 at the river basin level, while the geographical distribution showed an uneven change even with reductions of water flows in western sub-basins at midstream. The results are helpful to benchmark the water resources in the context of global change in the inland river basins in China. This study also provides a general approach to investigate the impacts of historical human activities and climate variability on green and blue water flows at the river basin level.
Impact of snow gliding on soil redistribution for a sub-alpine area in Switzerland
Authors: Meusburger K. , Leitinger G. , Mabit L. , Mueller M. H. , Alewell C.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of snow gliding as soil erosion agent for four different land use/land cover types in a sub-alpine area in Switzerland. The 14 investigated sites are located close to the valley bottom at approximately 1500 m a.s.l., while the elevation of the surrounding mountain ranges is about 2500 m a.s.l. We used two different approaches to estimate soil erosion rates: the fallout radionuclide 137Cs and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The RUSLE model is suitable to estimate soil loss by water erosion, while the 137Cs method integrates soil loss due to all erosion agents involved. Thus, we hypothesise that the soil erosion rates determined with the 137Cs method are higher and that the observed discrepancy between the erosion rate of RUSLE and the 137Cs method is related to snow gliding. Cumulative snow glide distance was measured for the sites in the winter 2009/2010 and modelled for the surrounding area with the Spatial Snow Glide Model (SSGM). Measured snow glide distance range from 0 to 189 cm with lower values for the north exposed slopes. We observed a reduction of snow glide distance with increasing surface roughness of the vegetation, which is an important information with respect to conservation planning and expected land use changes in the Alps. Our hypothesis was confirmed, the difference of RUSLE and 137Cs erosion rates was correlated to the measured snow glide distance (R2 = 0.73; p < 0.005). A high difference (lower proportion of water erosion compared to total net erosion) was observed for high snow glide rates and vice versa. The SSGM reproduced the relative difference of the measured snow glide values between different land use/land cover types. The resulting map highlights the relevance of snow gliding for large parts of the investigated area. Based on these results, we conclude that snow gliding is a key process impacting soil erosion pattern and magnitude in sub-alpine areas with similar topographic and climatic conditions.
From satellite altimetry to Argo and operational oceanography: three revolutions in oceanography
Authors: Le Traon P. Y.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The launch of the US/French mission Topex/Poseidon (T/P) (CNES/NASA) in August 1992 was the start of a revolution in oceanography. For the first time, a very precise altimeter system optimized for large scale sea level and ocean circulation observations was flying. T/P alone could not observe the mesoscale circulation. In the 1990s, the ESA satellites ERS-1/2 were flying simultaneously with T/P. Together with my CLS colleagues, we demonstrated that we could use T/P as a reference mission for ERS-1/2 and bring the ERS-1/2 data to an accuracy level comparable to T/P. Near real time high resolution global sea level anomaly maps were then derived. These maps have been operationally produced as part of the SSALTO/DUACS system for the last 15 yr. They are now widely used by the oceanographic community and have contributed to a much better understanding and recognition of the role and importance of mesoscale dynamics. Altimetry needs to be complemented with global in situ observations. In the end of the 90s, a major international initiative was launched to develop Argo, the global array of profiling floats. This has been an outstanding success. Argo floats now provide the most important in situ observations to monitor and understand the role of the ocean on the earth climate and for operational oceanography. This is a second revolution in oceanography. The unique capability of satellite altimetry to observe the global ocean in near real time at high resolution and the development of Argo were essential to the development of global operational oceanography, the third revolution in oceanography. The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) was instrumental in the development of the required capabilities. This paper provides an historical perspective on the development of these three revolutions in oceanography which are very much interlinked. This is not an exhaustive review and I will mainly focus on the contributions we made together with many colleagues and friends.
Surface motion of active rock glaciers in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA: inventory and a case study using InSAR
Authors: Liu L. , Millar C. I. , Westfall R. D. , Zebker H. A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Despite the abundance of rock glaciers in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA, few efforts have been made to measure their surface flow. Here we use the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique to compile a benchmark inventory describing the kinematic state of 59 active rock glaciers in this region. In the late summer of 2007, these rock glaciers moved at speeds that range from 14 cm yr−1 to 87 cm yr−1, with a regional mean value of 53 cm yr−1. Our inventory reveals a spatial difference: rock glaciers in the southern Sierra Nevada moved faster than the ones in the central Sierra Nevada. In addition to the regional mapping, we also conduct a case study to measure the surface flow of the Mount Gibbs rock glacier in fine spatial and temporal detail. The InSAR measurements over this target reveal (1) that the spatial pattern of flow is correlated with surface geomorphic features and (2) a significant seasonal variation of flow speed whose peak value was 48 cm yr−1in the fall of 2007, more than twice the minimum value observed in the spring of 2008. The seasonal variation lagged air temperatures by three months. Our finding on the seasonal variation of surface speed reinforces the importance of a long time series with high temporal sampling rates to detect possible long-term changes of rock glacier kinematics in a warming climate.
A ten-year record of supraglacial lake evolution and rapid drainage in West Greenland using an automated processing algorithm for multispectral imagery
Authors: Morriss B. F. , Hawley R. L. , Chipman J. W. , Andrews L. C. , Catania G. A. , Hoffman M. J. , Lüthi M. P. , Neumann T. A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The rapid drainage of supraglacial lakes introduces large pulses of meltwater to the subglacial environment and creates moulins, surface-to-bed conduits for future melt. Introduction of water to the subglacial system has been shown to affect ice flow, and modeling suggests that variability in water supply and delivery to the subsurface play an important role in the development of the subglacial hydrologic system and its ability to enhance or mitigate ice flow. We developed a fully automated method for tracking meltwater and rapid drainages in 78 large, perennial lakes along an outlet glacier flow band in West Greenland from 2002 to 2011 using ETM+ and MODIS imagery. Results indicate interannual variability in maximum coverage and spatial evolution of total lake area. We identify 238 rapid drainage events, occurring most often at low and middle elevations during periods of net filling or peak lake coverage. We observe a general progression of both lake filling and draining from lower to higher elevations but note that the timing of filling onset, peak coverage, and dissipation are also variable. While lake coverage is sensitive to air temperature, warm years exhibit greater variability in both coverage evolution and rapid drainage. Mid elevation drainages in 2011 coincide with large surface velocity increases at nearby GPS sites, though the relationships between iceshed-scale dynamics and meltwater input are still unclear.
Effect of Plantar Flexor Muscle Fatigue on Postural Control
Authors: Grey Tyler , Redguard Daren , Wengle Rebecca , Wegscheider Peter
Published: July 2013

Objective. Previous studies have demonstrated that various factors alter postural stability. Our aim was to examine the effect of plantar flexor fatigue on postural stability in quiet standing.
Methods. Fifteen healthy male university students (age, 21.3 ± 1.7y; height, 1.83 ± 0.06m; weight, 81.6 ± 9.4kg) were instructed to stand on a force plate before and after calf fatiguing exercise. The sensory systems were controlled by blindfolding subjects and having them stand on a flat firm surface, without moving their head. Fatigue was achieved through repetitive weighted plantar-flexor exercise. Standing balance was assessed by using a force plate to calculate Center of Pressure (CoP) displacement.
Results. Plantar flexor fatigue led to significant (p
Hippotherapy: A holistic approach to rehabilitation
Authors: Lepore Natasha , Yau Lawrence
Published: July 2013

My name is Natasha Lepore and I am a 4th year student in the Honours Specialization in Medical Sciences program. I started volunteering at SARI Therapeutic Riding six years ago. I got involved with this organization because of my desire to make a difference in the community. SARI is a therapeutic horse riding centre whose mission is to improve the physical, social, and emotional well-being of children and youth with special needs. My experiences with SARI has complemented my understanding of various diseases and disabilities that I have learned about in university. However, SARI has also shown me the importance of approaching the treatment of certain diseases in a more holistic fashion. Specifically, my experiences at SARI have demonstrated that Hippotherapy is an effective approach to improving the quality of life of children with disabilities.
Proposta de procedimento de transferência de tecnologia
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Cruz da , Vieira Júnior Milton , Lucato Wagner Cezar
Published: July 2013

Para transferir tecnologia é necessário seguir algumas etapas e procedimentos que venham a contribuir para a transmissão do conhecimento desenvolvido. Mas para isso, é preciso entender as características básicas desse processo e, assim, facilitar tanto a escolha quanto a implantação do modelo mais apropriado para o negócio. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é buscar uma melhor compreensão do processo de transferência de tecnologia e apresentar alguns de seus elementos-chave por meio de uma proposta de procedimentos de transferência de tecnologia, levando-se em consideração aspectos, como o tipo de TT, a forma como isso se dá, o modo e os mecanismos utilizados durante essa transferência
Utilização do método fingerprint no apoio às práticas de sustentabilidade organizacional
Authors: Farias Thiago Michel de Brito , Calarge Felipe Araujo , Alves Adriana Duarte , Da SIlva Marcelo Estevan , Cazerta Fernando Jundi , Gennari Roseli Fernandes
Published: July 2013

Para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável, devem-se eliminar as modalidades de produção e consumo não sustentáveis, pois as contaminações industriais do solo e da água estão relacionadas ao processo e volume de produção, ao tipo de indústria e a localização geográfica. Dessa forma, o cuidado na gestão de riscos e impactos ambientais torna-se fundamental para que as organizações possam operar dentro de padrões aceitáveis de sustentabilidade ambiental. Neste trabalho, tem-se como objetivo a utilização do método de fingerprinting, com o auxílio da espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), como ferramenta de controle da qualidade em inspeções de amostras de solos de bacias hidrográficas de diferentes regiões do estado de São Paulo. A identificação de amostras de solos, com análises dos sedimentos transportados em suspensão, possibilitará avaliar as áreas que possam contribuir positivamente para o controle e gestão de resíduos através de inferências sobre o potencial poluidor de sedimentos.
Análise do comportamento da demanda com abordagem de cenários simulados no setor automobilístico
Authors: Araujo Sergio De , Corrêa Valesca Alves , Nunes Luiz Eduardo Nicolini do Patrocinio
Published: July 2013

A Engenharia Mecânica da Produção é uma área muito importante para diversos setores industriais. As empresas procuram melhorar seus processos, métodos, filosofias, mecanismos e tecnologias para alcançarem melhores destaques competitivos diante da concorrência, conquistando maior participação e preferência dos consumidores num mercado acirrado. Neste trabalho, objetiva-se realizar uma análise comportamental da demanda de uma empresa do setor automobilístico simulando um cenário por meio da implantação de ampliação da visibilidade das etapas do processo fabril, de trânsito e de armazenagem. A metodologia empregada envolve uma ampla revisão de diversos casos em que a ferramenta de simulação é utilizada para disponibilizar a visibilidade de diferentes etapas da produção. Espera-se demonstrar que a demanda linear pode equalizar o nível de estoque aliado à aplicação de um modelo de política de comercialização dos produtos e atendimento da demanda com a ampliação da visibilidade da rede de concessionárias dessa empresa, possibilitando a colocação de pedidos em qualquer etapa da cadeia produtiva.
Uma análise das publicações sobre sustentabilidade empresarial nos principais periódicos internacionais sobre Engenharia de Produção
Authors: Milnitz Diego , Tubino Dalvio Ferrari
Published: July 2013

O modelo da sustentabilidade e das organizações sustentáveis se distingue do contemporâneo por proporcionar variáveis bastante qualificadas para o desenvolvimento mundial. A mudança em direção à sustentabilidade tem desafiado todos os segmentos da sociedade, inclusive as empresas. Assim, objetiva-se neste trabalho realizar uma análise minuciosa para demonstrar os padrões, relações e tendências de pesquisa a fim de responder algumas questões propostas. Revisaram-se 151 importantes publicações internacio¬nais sobre o tema nas últimas duas décadas, e analisaram-se os assuntos mais relevantes em 127 delas. Verifica-se significativa concentração de trabalhos aplicados nos níveis estratégicos e táticos das empresas fora do Brasil. Existe um grande desafio para esse tipo de pesquisa que é o de aplicar o desdobramento dos conceitos do desenvolvimento sustentável nos níveis operacionais das empresas, possibilitando, assim, que essas construam uma sustentabilidade global no próprio negócio, proporcionando resultados satis¬fatórios para todos os segmentos da sociedade.
Modelagem de dados por regressão múltipla para previsão do consumo de água em Umuarama
Authors: Vianna Vinicius , Depexe Marcelo Dacul
Published: July 2013

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se encontrar uma equação capaz de prever o consumo de água (volume micromedido) da cidade de Umuarama. Utilizando diferentes variáveis, dados obtidos de séries temporais distintas, conhecimentos estatísticos e práticos, dois modelos matemáticos foram propostos, por meio de um aplicativo de regressão múltipla. Com tais modelos, e atentando para as características próprias do estudo da variação do volume consumido de água, foi possível simular previsões e, com os seus resultados, fazer análises comparativas. Assim, analisaram-se a precisão e os erros obtidos. Ao fim do estudo, chegou-se a uma equação capaz de prever o volume consumido de água de Umuarama com erros aceitáveis.
Notes on the frugivorous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) fauna of western Africa, with description of a new Dacus species
Authors: De Meyer Marc , White Ian M. , Goodger Kim F.M.
Published: July 2013

The species richness of the frugivorous fruit fly fauna of western African (in particular of Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria) is discussed. The diversity is compared at a national level and between the ecoregions within the national boundaries of the study area. A new species, Dacus goergeni sp. nov. is described and additional taxonomic notes are presented.
Pervaporation
Authors: Tsuru Toshinori , Wang Jinhui
Published: July 2013

This review covers recent progresses made in pervaporation (PV). The performances of polymer and inorganic (zeolite and silica) membranes and organic–inorganic composite membranes are summarized according to different applications such as ethanol (EtOH) dehydration and the separation of organic–organic mixtures. The preparation methods and morphologies of different types of membranes are discussed. The transportation mechanism also is discussed based on solution‐diffusion and pore‐flow models.
Silicon
Authors: Runyan W. R. ,   Updated by Staff
Published: July 2013

Silicon is brittle and has a gray metallic luster. It is a light chemical element with metallic and nonmetallic characteristics. Silicon is rarely found free in nature. Early processes for providing quantities of high purity silicon started with the metallurgical grade of silicon produced by the reduction of silica and coke in an electric arc furnace. There were attempts to purify it metallurgically. However, to obtain the purity of silicon required for most semiconductor applications, metallurgical‐grade silicon is first converted to a silicon compound that can be easily purified. Most high purity silicon is used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices and most devices are made from single crystal silicon. Elemental silicon is inert in air. The main uses are in the aluminum alloys and chemical industries The semiconductor and solar industries, which manufacture chips for computers and photovoltaic cells account for a small portion of use.
Inkjet Printing
Authors: Kamyshny Alexander , Magdassi Shlomo
Published: July 2013

This article presents an overview of technologies and materials in the field of inkjet printing. It focuses on the fundamental aspects of inkjet printing: inkjet technologies, ink requirements, and their composition and properties, which are specific for various printing devices and applications. It also covers substrates for inkjet printing and ink–substrate interactions, which should be adjusted for optimal performance and for obtaining a high quality printed pattern, as well as application of inkjet technology for printing various functional materials.
Weaning at Anglo‐Saxon raunds: Implications for changing breastfeeding practice in britain over two millennia
Authors: Haydock Hannah , Clarke Leon , Craig‐Atkins Elizabeth , Howcroft Rachel , Buckberry Jo
Published: July 2013

This study investigated stable‐isotope ratio evidence of weaning for the late Anglo‐Saxon population of Raunds Furnells, Northamptonshire, UK. δ15N and δ13C values in rib collagen were obtained for individuals of different ages to assess the weaning age of infants within the population. A peak in δ15N values at about 2‐year‐old, followed by a decline in δ15N values until age three, indicates a change in diet at that age. This change in nitrogen isotope ratios corresponds with the mortality profile from the site, as well as with archaeological and documentary evidence on attitudes towards juveniles in the Anglo‐Saxon period. The pattern of δ13C values was less clear. Comparison of the predicted age of weaning to published data from sites dating from the Iron Age to the 19th century in Britain reveals a pattern of changing weaning practices over time, with increasingly earlier commencement and shorter periods of complementary feeding in more recent periods. Such a change has implications for the interpretation of socioeconomic changes during this period of British history, since earlier weaning is associated with decreased birth spacing, and could thus have contributed to population growth. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:604–612, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein structure in context: The molecular landscape of angiogenesis
Authors: Span Elise A. , Goodsell David S. , Ramchandran Ramani , Franzen Margaret A. , Herman Tim , Sem Daniel S.
Published: July 2013

A team of students, educators, and researchers has developed new materials to teach cell signaling within its cellular context. Two nontraditional modalities are employed: physical models, to explore the atomic details of several of the proteins in the angiogenesis signaling cascade, and illustrations of the proteins in their cellular environment, to give an intuitive understanding of the cellular context of the pathway. The experiences of the team underscore the use of these types of materials as an effective mode for fostering students' understanding of the molecular world and the scientific method used to define it. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 41(4):213–223, 2013
Problem‐based test: Replication of mitochondrial DNA during the cell cycle
Authors: Sétáló György
Published: July 2013

Terms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: cell cycle, generation time, S‐phase, cell culture synchronization, isotopic pulse‐chase labeling, density labeling, equilibrium density‐gradient centrifugation, buoyant density, rate‐zonal centrifugation, nucleoside, nucleotide, kinase enzymes, polymerization of nucleic acids, re‐replication block, cell fractionation, Svedberg (sedimentation constant = [ S]), nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA, heavy and light mitochondrial DNA chains, heteroplasmy, mitochondrial diseases © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 41(4):273–277, 2013
ChemInform Abstract: Multifunctional Open‐Framework Zinc Phosphate /C12H14N2/ [Zn6(PO4)4(HPO4) (H2O)2]: Photochromic, Photoelectric and Fluorescent Properties.
Authors: Wu Junbiao , Yan Yan , Liu Bingkun , Wang Xuelei , Li Jiyang , Yu Jihong
Published: July 2013

The new three‐dimensional title open‐framework zinc phosphate with 12‐ring channels is solvothermally synthesized from Zn(OAc)2, H3PO3, and 4,4′‐bipyridine using a mixture of MeOH and H2O as solvent (autoclave, 170 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: From Spin Induced Ferroelectricity to Spin and Dipolar Glass in a Triangular Lattice: The CuCr1‐xVxO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) Delafossite.
Authors: Kumar S. , Singh K. , Miclau M. , Simon Ch. , Martin C. , Maignan A.
Published: July 2013

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of Cu, CuO, Cr2O3, and V2O5 (1100 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 for High Power Lithium Ion Battery Applications.
Authors: Han Seung‐Woo , Ryu Ji Heon , Jeong Joayoung , Yoon Dang‐Hyok
Published: July 2013

Large scale (15 kg) preparation of Li4Ti5O12 is performed by solid state reaction of Li2CO3 and anatase‐phase TiO2 (molar ratio of 4.05:5).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Coated Li4Ti5O12 Nanorods as Superior Anode Material for High Rate Lithium Ion Batteries.
Authors: Luo Hongjun , Shen Laifa , Rui Kun , Li Hongsen , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: July 2013

Carbon coated Li4Ti5O12 nanorods for high‐rate Li ion batteries are prepared by mixing anatase‐phase TiO2 with glucose and KOH (stirring and sonication, 1 h) followed by hydrothermal treatment (autoclave, 180 °C, 1 d) and dispersing the obtained nanorods in LiOH solution (autoclave, 150 °C, 6 h) before calcination of the obtained precursor (600 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Strontium AntimonateIII Sr5Sb22O38: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterizations.
Authors: Geng Lei , Meng Chang‐Yu , Lin Chen‐Sheng , Cheng Wen‐Dan
Published: July 2013

The title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of Sb2O3, Sr(OH)2, and KF as mineralizer (autoclave, 190 °C, 4 d, 45% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Sandwich‐Type Germanotungstate with Discrete [Fe4(en)2 (α‐GeW9O34)2]8‐ Polyoxoanions and 1‐D [Fe4(en)(α‐GeW9O34)2] n8n‐ Polymeric Chains.
Authors: Tian Shuanbao , Li Yanzhou , Zhao Junwei , Ma Pengtao , Chen Lijuan
Published: July 2013

The new compound [enH2]8 [Fe4(en)(α‐GeW9O34)2] [Fe4(en)2 (α‐GeW9O34)2] ·en·14H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of K8Na2[A‐α‐GeW9O34], Ce(NH4)4(SO4)4, FeCl3, en, and H2O (autoclave, 160 °C, 6 d, 25% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Carbon Insertion into the β‐Vinyl C—H Bond of Cyclic Enones with Alkyl Diazoacetates.
Authors: Lee Sung Il , Kang Byung Chul , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Ryu Do Hyun
Published: July 2013

A novel Lewis acid‐promoted Csp2‐H functionalization reaction of cyclic enones using various diazoacetates is described.
ChemInform Abstract: CaF2‐Catalyzed SN2‐type Chlorodehydroxylation of Chiral Secondary Alcohols with Thionyl Chloride: A Practical and Convenient Approach for the Preparation of Optically Active Chloroalkanes.
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Wang Huanxia , Ma Yun , Wang Youming , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi
Published: July 2013

The SOCl2/CaF2 system shows superior properties compared to SOCl2/Py with regards to higher yields and enantioselectivity and is found to be suitable for large scale preparations.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of α‐Substituted Nitro Acetates to Nitro Olefins: Enantioselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted γ‐Lactams.
Authors: Li Ying‐Zi , Li Fei , Tian Ping , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: July 2013

In gram scale reactions as well as in reactions using the recycled catalyst comparable results are achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Air‐Stable Bifunctional Allylation Reagents for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Differentiated syn‐ and anti‐1,3‐Diols.
Authors: Lee Jae Seung , Kim Dongeun , Kong Suk Bin , Han Hyunsoo
Published: July 2013

The chiral bifunctional reagent (II) and its enantiomer are developed and successfully applied in the enantioselective synthesis of anti‐ (IV) and syn‐1,3‐diols, respectively, in high yields via aldehyde allylation followed by diastereoselective decarboxylative allylic etherification reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Acylation of Cyclopropanols: Preparation of Functionalized 1,4‐Diketones.
Authors: Parida Bibhuti Bhusan , Das Pragna Pratic , Niocel Mathilde , Cha Jin Kun
Published: July 2013

This method was deployed as key reaction in total synthesis of (+)‐myrmicarin 217 (XXII).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkynylation of Quaternary α‐Cyano Acetate Salts.
Authors: Feng Yi‐Si , Xu Zhong‐Qiu , Mao Long , Zhang Feng‐Feng , Xu Hua‐Jian
Published: July 2013

The title reaction is utilized for the preparation of functionalized butynenitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Formation from Acyclic Precursors: Sequential Palladium‐Catalyzed Double Acetoxylation‐Cyclization of 3,6‐Heptadienoates to 2,4‐Diacetoxycyclopentylideneacetates.
Authors: Bottarelli Paolo , Costa Mirco , Della Ca' Nicola , Fava Emanuela
Published: July 2013

Depending on the reaction conditions, mono‐ and diacetoxylated cyclopentanone derivatives can be prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Reduction of Olefins Using a Borohydride Reagent.
Authors: Carter Tom S. , Guiet Lea , Frank Dominik J. , West James , Thomas Stephen P.
Published: July 2013

Excellent yields are observed for the aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Arylation of Allylic Ethers with Arylboronic Acids Using Hydrazone Ligands.
Authors: Mino Takashi , Kogure Taketo , Abe Taichi , Koizumi Tomoko , Fujita Tsutomu , Sakamoto Masami
Published: July 2013

The protocol is applied to the preparation of eugenol (XII) which is obtained in moderate yield.
ChemInform Abstract: An Acetylene Zipper—Sonogashira Reaction Sequence for the Efficient Synthesis of Conjugated Arylalkadiynols.
Authors: Kulyashova Alexandra E. , Sorokoumov Viktor N. , Popik Vladimir V. , Balova Irina A.
Published: July 2013

The convenient protocol uses an efficient LAT‐promoted isomerization of internal alkadiynols to terminal ones followed by Sonogashira coupling with functionalized iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylation of 1‐Aryl‐3,3‐diisopropyltriazenes.
Authors: Hafner Andreas , Braese Stefan
Published: July 2013

The new and facile two‐step, one‐pot synthesis affords various functionalized fluoroalkyl‐substituted arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Synthesis of Benzyl Halides Triggered by in situ Prepared Hypervalent Halides.
Authors: Ling Xue‐Ge , Xiong Yan , Zhang Shu‐Ting , Huang Ruo‐Feng , Zhang Xiao‐Hui
Published: July 2013

Direct benzyl halogenation is achieved under conditions A) in the presence of CuI or CuBr with formation of monohalogenated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective LaIII‐pyBOX‐Catalyzed Nitro‐Michael Addition to (E)‐2‐Azachalcones.
Authors: Blay Gonzalo , Incerti Celia , Munoz M. Carmen , Pedro Jose R.
Published: July 2013

This is the first catalytic asymmetric nitro‐Michael reaction with (E)‐2‐azachalcones.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Application of Novel Chiral ONN Ligands for Asymmetric Alkylation.
Authors: Bica Katharina , Leder Sonja , Mereiter Kurt , Gaertner Peter
Published: July 2013

The chiral ONN ligands are successfully used as catalysts for the addition of diethyl zinc (II) to various aromatic aldehydes leading to secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct and Mild Formylation Method for Substituted Benzenes Utilizing Dichloromethyl Methyl Ether—Silver Trifluoromethanesulfonate.
Authors: Ohsawa Kosuke , Yoshida Masahito , Doi Takayuki
Published: July 2013

Various substituted benzenes can be formylated at low temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: Accelerated Zincations for an Efficient and Mild Functionalization of Aromatics and Heterocycles.
Authors: Unsinn Andreas , Wunderlich Stefan H. , Knochel Paul
Published: July 2013

An improved protocol for the zincation and the subsequent reaction with different substituted electrophiles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroxycarbonylation of Aryl Halides with Substoichiometric Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Korsager Signe , Taaning Rolf H. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: July 2013

The presented mild reaction proceeds well with a number of aryl iodides and bromides, as well as aryl chlorides bearing electron poor substituents.