bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymer‐Encapsulated Halide Perovskite Color Converters
Authors: Huisman Bas A. H. , Bolink Henk J.
Published: June 2023

An easy process to fabricate highly luminescent and color‐pure polymer‐encapsulated halide perovskite color converters is reported. Methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) with an additive of amantadine hydrochloride is prepared by dry mechanochemical synthesis together with an encapsulating polymer. (In this report, poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, and polyethylene oxide are investigated.) The composite material is heated and pressed into a thin disk exhibiting strong luminescent properties. By adjusting the weight percentage of the perovskite in the polymer, the disk can be opaque or transmissive. The disks are stable in air for over 2 months. By inserting a secondary emitter, white light can be obtained by illuminating it with a blue light source.
Convoluted Magnetoresistance and Magnetic Reversal Processes in Ni–Fe Segmented Cylindrical Nanodots with Tunable Size and Composition for Technological Applications
Authors: Velásquez Ever A. , Mazo‐Zuluaga Johann , Mejía‐López José
Published: June 2023

Due to their unique properties, bi‐segmented systems are currently used in several technological applications such as sensing devices, high density magnetic data storage systems, spintronics and microelectromechanical components, among others. In this study, the magnetoresistance and magnetic properties of Ni–Fe bi‐segmented cylindrical nanodots in a broad range of diameters and heights are discussed. The power of the First Principles approach, as considered in the density functional theory formulation, is used to study the structural and magnetic relaxation effects, and atomistic simulations, through the Fast Monte Carlo methodology, are employed to explore the magnetoresistance and magnetic behaviors of these systems. By means of the magnetic hysteresis and magnetoresistance signals, convoluted magnetization reversal schemes are discussed. These effects take place depending on the size of the Ni and Fe components as a result of the interplay among exchange interactions and size and shape effects induced by dipolar interactions. Since size has become an experimental controllable parameter, due to the enriched phenomena, the effects discussed in these bi‐component systems are useful for the design and production of devices for technological applications with relevance beyond the observed in the more restricted single component systems.
Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by DNA Methylation
Authors: Wang Shirong , Zha Lin , Cui Xin , Yeh Yu‐Te , Liu Ruochuan , Jing Jia , Shi Huidong , Chen Weiping , Hanover John , Yin Jun , Yu Liqing , Xue Bingzhong , Shi Hang
Published: June 2023

While extensive investigations have been devoted to the study of genetic pathways related to fatty liver diseases, much less is known about epigenetic mechanisms underlying these disorders. DNA methylation is an epigenetic link between environmental factors (e.g., diets) and complex diseases (e.g., non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease). Here, it is aimed to study the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. A dynamic change in the DNA methylome in the liver of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice is discovered, including a marked increase in DNA methylation at the promoter of Beta‐klotho (Klb), a co‐receptor for the biological functions of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)15/19 and FGF21. DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1 and 3A mediate HFD‐induced methylation at the Klb promoter. Notably, HFD enhances DNMT1 protein stability via a ubiquitination‐mediated mechanism. Liver‐specific deletion of Dnmt1 or 3a increases Klb expression and ameliorates HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis. Single‐nucleus RNA sequencing analysis reveals pathways involved in fatty acid oxidation in Dnmt1‐deficient hepatocytes. Targeted demethylation at the Klb promoter increases Klb expression and fatty acid oxidation, resulting in decreased hepatic lipid accumulation. Up‐regulation of methyltransferases by HFD may induce hypermethylation of the Klb promoter and subsequent down‐regulation of Klb expression, resulting in the development of hepatic steatosis.
From Phenomenon to Essence: A Newly Involved lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 Protective Mechanism of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Zhangdi Hanjing , Jiang Yanan , Gao Yang , Li Shuang , Xu Ruiling , Shao Jing , Liu Jingyang , Hu Ying , Zhang Xu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Lei , Qi Jihan , Geng Xinyu , Jin Shizhu
Published: June 2023

Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have a protective effect against liver cirrhosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the progression of liver cirrhosis. Therefore, it is aimed to clarify the lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 involved protective mechanism of BMSCs in liver cirrhosis. This study found that BMSCs treatment attenuates CCl4‐induced liver cirrhosis in mice. Additionally, the expression of lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 is upregulated in human and mouse liver cirrhosis tissues, in addition to TGF‐β1‐treated LX2 cells and JS1 cells. The expression of Kcnq1ot1 in liver cirrhosis is reversed with BMSCs treatment. The knockdown of Kcnq1ot1 alleviated liver cirrhosis both in vivo and in vitro. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirms that Kcnq1ot1 is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of JS1 cells. It is predicted that miR‐374‐3p can directly bind with lncRNA Kcnq1ot1 and Fstl1, which is verified via luciferase activity assay. The inhibition of miR‐374‐3p or the overexpression of Fstl1 can attenuate the effect of Kcnq1ot1 knockdown. In addition, the transcription factor Creb3l1 is upregulated during JS1 cells activation. Moreover, Creb3l1 can directly bind to the Kcnq1ot1 promoter and positively regulate its transcription. In conclusion, BMSCs alleviate liver cirrhosis by modulating the Creb3l1/lncRNA Kcnq1ot1/miR‐374‐3p/Fstl1 signaling pathway.
High‐Performance Industrial‐Grade CsPbBr3 Single Crystal by Solid–Liquid Interface Engineering
Authors: Sun Qihao , Ge Bangzhi , Xiao Bao , Li Fangpei , Ji Leilei , Yin Ziang , Guo Jun , Tang Jia , Zhou Chongjian , Jie Wanqi , Zhu Menghua , Xu Yadong
Published: June 2023

All‐inorganic metal halide perovskite CsPbBr3 crystal is regarded as an attractive alternative to high purity Ge and CdZnTe for room temperature γ‐ray detection. However, high γ‐ray resolution is only observable in small CsPbBr3 crystal; more practical and deployable large crystal exhibits very low, and even no detection efficiency, thereby thwarting prospects for cost‐effective room temperature γ‐ray detection. The poor performance of large crystal is attributed to the unexpected secondary phase inclusion during crystal growth, which traps the generated carriers. Here, the solid–liquid interface during crystal growth is engineered by optimizing the temperature gradient and growth velocity. This minimizes the unfavorable formation of the secondary phase, leading to industrial‐grade crystals with a diameter of 30 mm. This excellent‐quality crystal exhibits remarkably high carrier mobility of 35.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and resolves the peak of 137Cs@ 662 keV γ‐ray at an energy resolution of 9.91%. These values are the highest among previously reported large crystals.
Promoting Air Stability of Li Anode via an Artificial Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Layer for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Houzhen , Zhang Feng , Wei Wangran , Zhao Xiaoru , Dong Huitong , Yan Chuncheng , Jiang Hechun , Sang Yuanhua , Chen Hao , Liu Hong , Wang Shuhua
Published: June 2023

Lithium metal is a promising candidate for the high‐energy‐density batteries. However, the high instability of Li against air and dendrite growth during cycling are the key challenges hindering the commercial application of the Li metal battery (LMB). In this study, an organic/inorganic hybrid artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is introduced on Li surface via dipping Li into 0.1 m zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate solution for 1 min. The key components that endow stability to Li in air for 4 h are analyzed via theoretical calculations. The results confirm that LiF and Zn absorbed with CF3 organic groups can reduce the absorption energy of O2, H2O, and CO2 on Li, thereby limiting the reaction of Li with ambient air. The Li anode with an organic/inorganic hybrid SEI cycles over 600 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 in symmetric cell and 500 cycles in a Li||LiFePO4 full cell, after exposure to ambient air for 4 h. Moreover, the organic/inorganic SEI can facilitate the Li+ transformation and suppress the growth of Li dendrites. The designed air‐stable and dendrite‐free Li metal anodes are promising for practical applications of LMBs.
Covid‐19 and caste inequalities in India: The critical role of social identity in pandemic‐induced job losses
Authors: Deshpande Ashwini , Ramachandran Rajesh
Published: June 2023

Using panel data for the period between April 2019 and September 2021, this paper investigates how the Covid‐19 pandemic‐induced lockdowns imposed differential labor market shocks on different social identity groups. We find that while all caste groups lost jobs in the first 2 months of the lockdown, the job losses for lowest‐ranked caste are greater by factor of more than two. The data shows that caste gaps in employment outcomes remain sizeable, even when we compare groups within the same industry, occupations, or those who have completed secondary schooling. These findings suggest that caste is not merely a proxy for class, and identity‐based policies might be essential to overcoming these disparities.
Farmer–buyer relationships and sustainable agricultural practices in the food supply chain: The case of vegetables in Chile
Authors: Benitez‐Altuna Francisco , Materia Valentina C. , Bijman Jos , Gaitán‐Cremaschi Daniel , Trienekens Jacques
Published: June 2023

This study investigates how the relationship between farmers and buyers affects the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) in the vegetable sector in Chile. Specifically, we focus on the dyadic relationships between farmers and different types of buyers, including besides lead firms, intermediaries, and wholesalers, which have received little attention in the scientific literature. Our analysis focuses on formal and informal contracts as governance forms between farmers and buyers, and explores the correlation between contract provisions (e.g., quality, quantity, and the provision of services), relationship attributes (i.e., satisfaction, trust, and opportunism) and adoption of SAPs. We gathered survey data from 352 vegetable farmers in Chile and employed analysis of variance and logit modeling for our analysis. Our findings indicate that small‐scale farmers primarily engage with intermediaries using informal contracts, while medium‐scale farmers trade with wholesalers through spot markets, and large‐scale farmers with lead firms using formal contracts. We also found that farmers who traded through informal contracts, mainly with intermediaries, reported greater satisfaction in the farmer‐buyer relationship than farmers trading through formal contracts. However, farmers engaging in informal contracts were less likely to adopt SAPs than farmers trading through formal contracts. Our results suggest that the governance form (contracts or spot market) adopted for the relationship between farmers and buyers influences the adoption of SAPs, while the impact of relationship attributes on SAP adoption is less clear. A deeper understanding of buyers and their relationship with farmers is essential to enhance policies encouraging SAP adoption in regional and local fresh food supply chains. [EconLit Citations: Q13, Q15, Q56].
Complementary roles of hummingbirds and bees: Pollen pickup, pollen deposition, and fruit production in the distylous Palicourea rigida
Authors: Furtado Marco Túlio , Matias Raphael , Pérez‐Barrales Rocío , Consolaro Hélder
Published: June 2023

Premise

Distyly is a condition in which individual plants in a population express two floral morphs, L‐ and S‐morph, characterized by reciprocal placements of anthers and stigmas between morphs. The function of distyly requires that pollinators collect pollen from L‐ and S‐morphs on different parts along their bodies to then deposit it on the stigmas of the opposite morph, known as legitimate pollination. However, different pollinator groups might differ in the ability to transfer pollen legitimately.

Methods

We investigated patterns of pollen pickup along the body of different functional groups (hummingbirds and bees) using preserved specimens to analyze their role in the reproductive success of Palicourea rigida. We measured pollen deposition on the body of pollinators, on stigmas, and fruit production after a single visit.

Results

Pollen from L‐ and S‐flowers appeared segregated on different body parts of the hummingbird and bee used in the study. S‐pollen was deposited primarily on the proximal regions (near the head), and L‐pollen was placed in the distal regions (tip of the proboscis and bill). Hummingbirds were more efficient at legitimate pollination than bees, particularly to S‐stigmas. However, fruit formation after single visits by both pollinators was similar.

Conclusions

The morphology of distylous flowers allows the segregated placement of L‐and S‐pollen on different body parts of the animal specimens used, facilitating the promotion of legitimate pollen transfer, an observation consistent between the two functional pollinator groups. Also, the results show that full fruit set requires more than one visit.
Comparative morphofunctional analysis of axial skeleton excluding the skull of primates based on the anatomical, radiographic, and tomographic description of the black‐striped capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus Spix, 1823)
Authors: La Salles Ana Y. F. , de Andrade Jéssica K. , de Souza Joyce G. , Freitas Kelvis de B. , Carreiro Artur da N. , Veloso Edson V. L. , Rocha Ediane F. , Klem Marcius A. P. , Mendonça Fábio T. M. , de Menezes Danilo J. A.
Published: June 2023

Comparative anatomy the basis for studies of evolution, and radiographic and tomographic aspects, as auxiliary methods in the investigation of anatomical particularities, reinforce evolutionary research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the vertebrae, sternum, and ribs of the capuchin monkey (Sapajus libidinosus) by means of anatomical dissection and radiographic and tomographic images. To this purpose, four cadavers were used in the anatomical analysis and five living animals for the imaging exams. The bones were described and compared with data from other primates species found in literature. Student's t‐test for independent samples was performed. The vertebral column of the comprises seven cervical, 13 or 14 thoracic, five or six lumbar, two or three sacral, and 23 or 24 caudal vertebrae. The atlas is characterized by three foramina on the wing. The seventh cervical vertebra had a transverse foramen in one specimen. The anticlinal vertebra is always the penultimate thoracic one, the ninth pair of ribs is always the last sternal pair, and the last two are buoyant. The sternal was composed of five or six sternebrae. The lumbar vertebrae showed a bifurcated spinous process. Three different sacral morphologies were observed. The structures identified macroscopically could be well determined through radiographic and tomographic images. S. libidinosus presented anatomical characteristics more similar to those of man and of platirrinos monkeys. The knowledge obtained by macroscopic anatomy and tomographic and radiological exams contributes significantly to comparative evolutionary studies.
Vibration‐driven Reduction of CO2 to Acetate with 100 % Selectivity by SnS Nanobelt Piezocatalysts
Authors: Tian Wenrou , Li Najun , Chen Dongyun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , Yan Chenglin , Lu Jianmei
Published: June 2023

Converting CO2 into high‐value C2 chemicals such as acetate with high selectivity and efficiency is a critical issue in renewable energy storage. Herein, for the first time we present a vibration‐driven piezocatalysis with tin(II) monosulfide (SnS) nanobelts for conversion of CO2 to acetate with 100 % selectivity, and the highest production rate (2.21 mM h−1) compared with reported catalysts. Mechanism analysis reveal that the polarized charges triggered by periodic mechanical vibration promote the adsorption and activation of CO2. The electron transfer can be facilitated due to built‐in electric field, decreased band gap and work function of SnS under stress. Remarkably, reduced distance between active sites leads to charge enrichment on Sn sites, promoting the C−C coupling, reducing the energy barriers of the rate determining step. It puts forward a bran‐new strategy for converting CO2 into high‐value C2 products with efficient, low‐cost and environment‐friendly piezocatalysis utilizing mechanical energy.
Innovation of Fe(III), Ni(II), and Pd(II) complexes derived from benzothiazole imidazolidin‐4‐ol ligand: Geometrical elucidation, theoretical calculation, and pharmaceutical studies
Authors: Abu‐Dief Ahmed M. , Said Musa A. , Elhady Omar , Al‐Abdulkarim Hessah A. , Alzahrani Seraj , Eskander Thomas Nady A. , El‐Remaily Mahmoud Abd El Aleem Ali Ali
Published: June 2023

The synthesis of a simple, highly tunable, and effective BSI ligand, 2‐(benzothiazol‐2‐ylimino)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐4‐ol, was presented. Three new coordinating substances of BSI ligand were synthesized. Various spectroscopic and analytical methods, including 1H NMR and 13C NMR, infrared (IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV‐vis), thermal conduction, and measures of magnetism, were used to clarify the structures of these compounds. A further examination of the compounds revealed an octahedral‐coordinating environment surrounding the Fe3+ ion, ([Fe(BSI)2(NO3)2](NO3·0.5H2O)) and Ni2+, ([Ni(BSI)2(NO3)2](H2O)2) cations and distorted square planner surrounding Pd2+, ([Pd(BSI)(COOCH3)2]H2O) cation. The cations under investigation were linked to the BSI ligand through the nitrogen of the thiazole ring and NH of the imidazole ring. The formed BSI complexes' thermal deterioration behavior was investigated. Calculated kinetic data for the examined complexes' various phases of deterioration supported their endothermic character. Using the Gaussian 09 software at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level, the equilibrium geometry of the ligands and their coordination complex has been studied by calculations using density functional theory (DFT). The suggested structures by DFT calculation are in good agreement with experimental data. The antibacterial effectiveness of the examined molecules against different types of bacteria and fungus reveals that the BSIPd complex (MIC = 2.25–4.75 μg/mL) has the greatest activity and is most comparable to the standard. The newly synthesized compounds were also tested against several cell lines using the MTT assay. The results are given as an IC50 value, where the Pd(II) complex values show the potential anticancer properties of the compound. Moreover, the inspected complexes showed significant cell growth inhibition activity (IC50 = 6.79–9.05 μg/mL), even higher than the standard anticancer drugs; cisplatin (IC50 = 18 μg/mL) versus breast carcinoma cells. This intriguing finding was verified by Swiss‐ADME and pharmacophore query calculations. In accordance with the actual findings, the in silico results showed that the free ligand's low activity increased when it complexed with the inspected metal ions.
Sea bed disturbance increases flat oyster recruitment for low to moderate stock densities
Authors: Cameron Tom C. , Baker Graham , Pullen Jim , Lown Alice E.
Published: June 2023

It has long been suggested by commercial fishing interests that the sea bed benefits from being trawled or disturbed. Evidence to support increased benthic food web productivity in areas disturbed by trawling has suggested that this is the case, and that some mobile consumers can benefit from this increased productivity.

The same hypothesis has been put forward for shellfish recruitment, that disturbance of the sea bed, e.g. ‘harrowing’, increases the exposure of suitable settlement substrates for shellfish larvae. This is an approach often taken in shellfish mariculture in private fisheries, and has led to calls for support of expanding such activities into publicly managed areas to promote shellfish recovery and restoration.

Increased seabed disturbance, however, may not align with conservation policy or societal objectives for natural recovery of the seabed landscape. Furthermore, evidence for increased shellfish recruitment from seabed disturbance is mixed, and many attempts to elucidate whether relationships exist receive criticism for operating at small spatial and temporal scales.

An analysis is presented from 3 years of data (2016–2018) from a stock survey of a private European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, fishery operating in the Blackwater estuary, Essex, UK. Using data for adult and recruit oyster abundance and distribution in 2018, with ‘harrowing’ effort from 2016–2018, it is asked whether oyster recruitment was related to disturbance effort.

It was found that oyster recruitment is positively related to increased seabed disturbance, but only up to intermediate adult oyster abundance equivalent to 60 oysters/100 m dredge, beyond which harrowing results in recruitment declines. This has implications for approaches to oyster fishery recovery, but also for restoration projects seeking evidence‐led guidance on which ways may be appropriate to kick‐start natural recovery in historical oyster areas that are habitat limited.
Mechanobiology of human pisiform formation as a model for endochondral ossification
Authors: Bhramdat Henna D. , Daegling David J.
Published: June 2023

The role of mechanical stimuli in promoting endochondral ossification during somatic growth and maturation remains an active area of research. This study employs a pisiform model of endochondral ossification to investigate the potential role of mechanobiological signals in the appearance and development of ossification centers and to develop theoretical applications to the primate basicranium. We constructed finite element models based on the structure of a human pisiform within the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon. The pisiform was assigned initial material properties of hyaline cartilage, and tendon properties were based on in situ observations drawn from the literature. A macaque growth model was used to simulate increased load over time as a function of body mass. A load case of uniaxial tension from the tendon was applied over 208 iterations, to simulate weekly growth over a 4‐year span. The mechanical signal was defined as shear stress. Element stresses were evaluated in each iteration, with elements exceeding the yield threshold subsequently assigned a higher elastic modulus to mimic mechanically driven mineralization. Three unique mineralization rates were tested. Regardless of rate, all ossification simulations predict a pisiform with heterogeneous stiffness through alternating periods of material stasis and active mineralization/ossification. Assuming metabolic processes underlying endochondral ossification are similar throughout the body, our model suggests that a mechanical signal alone is an insufficient stimulus in the etiology of bone formation through endochondral ossification. Consequently, given the general validity of the simulation, endochondral ossification cannot be fully explained in terms of mechanical stimuli.
Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Synthesis, in vitro and in silico evaluation of novel N1‐(benzo[d]oxazol‐2‐yl)‐N4‐arylidine compounds
Authors: Zawal Amira G. , Abdel‐Aziz Marwa M. , El‐Shanawani Abdalla A. , Abdel‐Aziz Lobna M. , Taha Mohamed , Simons Claire , Elbaramawi Samar S.
Published: June 2023

The development of novel antimycobacterial agents is an urgent challenge to eradicate the increasing emergence and rapid spread of multidrug‐resistant strains. Filamentous temperature‐sensitive protein Z (FtsZ) is a crucial cell division protein. Alteration of FtsZ assembly leads to cell division inhibition and cell death. To find novel antimycobacterial agents, a series of N1‐(benzo[d]oxazol‐2‐yl)‐N4‐arylidine compounds 5a–o were synthesized. The activity of the compounds was evaluated against drug‐sensitive, multidrug‐resistant, and extensive‐drug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Compounds 5b, 5c, 5l, 5m, and 5o showed promising antimycobacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the range of 0.48–1.85 µg/mL and with low cytotoxicity against human nontumorigenic lung fibroblast WI‐38 cells. The activity of the compounds 5b, 5c, 5l, 5m, and 5o was evaluated against bronchitis causing‐bacteria. They exhibited good activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumonia, and Bordetella pertussis. Molecular dynamics simulations of Mtb FtsZ protein‐ligand complexes identified the interdomain site as the binding site and key interactions. ADME prediction indicated that the synthesized compounds have drug‐likeness. The density function theory studies of 5c, 5l, and 5n were performed to investigate E/Z isomerization. Compounds 5c and 5l are present as E‐isomers and 5n as an E/Z mixture. Our experimental outcomes provide an auspicious lead for the design of more selective and potent antimycobacterial drugs.
Privacy‐preserving distributed projected one‐point bandit online optimization over directed graphs
Authors: Wei Mengli , Yang Zhiqiang , Ji Qiutong , Zhao Zhongyuan
Published: June 2023

The distributed online optimization (DOO) problem with privacy‐preserving properties over multiple agents is considered in this paper, where the network model is built by a strongly connected directed graph. To solve this problem, a stochastic bandit DOO algorithm based on differential privacy is proposed. This algorithm uses row‐ and column‐stochastic matrix as the weighting matrices, the requirement of the double random weighting matrix is released. To handle the unknown objective function, the one‐point bandit is used to estimate the true gradient information, and the estimated gradient information is used to update of decision variables. Different from the existing DOO algorithms that ignore privacy issues, this algorithm successfully protects the privacy of nodes through a differential privacy policy. Theoretical results show that the algorithm can not only achieve sublinear regret bounds but also protect the privacy of nodes. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Strategic energy flows in input‐output relations: A temporal multilayer approach
Authors: Clemente Gian Paolo , Cornaro Alessandra , Grassi Rosanna , Rizzini Giorgio
Published: June 2023

The energy consumption, the transfer of resources through the international trade, the transition towards renewable energies and the environmental sustainability appear as key drivers in order to evaluate the resilience of the energy systems. Concerning the consumptions, in the literature a great attention has been paid to direct energy, but the production of goods and services also involves indirect energy. Hence, in this work we consider different types of embodied energy sources and the time evolution of the sectors' and countries' interactions. Flows are indeed used to construct a directed and weighted temporal multilayer network based respectively on renewable and non‐renewable sources, where sectors are nodes and layers are countries. We provide a methodological approach for analysing the network reliability and resilience and for identifying critical sectors and economies in the system by applying the Multi‐Dimensional HITS algorithm. Then, we evaluate central arcs in the network at each time period by proposing a novel topological indicator based on the maximum flow problem. In this way, we provide a full view of economies, sectors and connections that play a relevant role over time in the network and whose removal could heavily affect the stability of the system. We provide a numerical analysis based on the embodied energy flows among countries and sectors in the period from 1990 to 2016. Results prove that the methods are effective in catching the different patterns between renewable and non‐renewable energy sources.
Enhancement of astaxanthin production from food waste by Phaffia rhodozyma screened by flow cytometry and feed application potential
Authors: Lai Jing‐Xian , Liu Wan‐Ping , Bu Jie , Chen Xiong , Hu Bin‐Bin , Zhu Ming‐Jun
Published: June 2023

Astaxanthin is widely used in food, aquaculture, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its strong antioxidant activity and coloring ability, but its production from Phaffia rhodozyma remains the main challenge due to the high fermentation cost and low content of carotenoid. In this study, the production of carotenoids from food waste (FW) by a P. rhodozyma mutant was investigated. P. rhodozyma mutant screened by UV mutagenesis and flow cytometry could stably produce high carotenoids at 25°C, with carotenoid production (32.9 mg/L) and content (6.7 mg/g), respectively, increasing by 31.6% and 32.3% compared with 25 mg/L and 5.1 mg/g of wild strain. Interestingly, the carotenoid production reached 192.6 mg/L by feeding wet FW, which was 21% higher than batch culture. The 373 g vacuum freeze‐dried products were obtained from the fermentation of 1 kg FW by P. rhodozyma, which contained 784 mg carotenoids and 111 mg astaxanthin. The protein, total amino acids, and essential amino acids content of the fermentation products were 36.6%, 40.5%, and 18.2% (w/w), respectively, and lysine‐added fermentation products had the potential of high‐quality protein feed source. This study provides insights for the high‐throughput screening of mutants, astaxanthin production, and the development of the feed potential of FW.
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor as a novel activator of brown adipose tissue in obesity
Authors: Alvarez‐Gallego Fabiola , González‐Blázquez Raquel , Gil‐Ortega Marta , Somoza Beatriz , Calderón‐Dominguez María , Moratinos Javier , Garcia‐Garcia Virginia , Fernández Paloma , González‐Moreno Daniel , Viana Marta , Alcalá Martín
Published: June 2023

The angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) exerts vasorelaxant, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In obesity, its activation counterbalances the adverse cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II mediated by the AT1R. Preliminary results indicate that it also promotes brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Our hypothesis is that AT2R activation could increase BAT mass and activity in obesity. Five‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard or a high‐fat (HF) diet for 6 weeks. Half of the animals were treated with compound 21 (C21), a selective AT2R agonist, (1 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water. Electron transport chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation, and UCP1 proteins were measured in the interscapular BAT (iBAT) and thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) as well as inflammatory and oxidative parameters. Differentiation and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the presence of C21 was tested in brown preadipocytes. In vitro, C21‐differentiated brown adipocytes showed an AT2R‐dependent increase of differentiation markers (Ucp1, Cidea, Pparg) and increased basal and H+ leak‐linked OCR. In vivo, HF‐C21 mice showed increased iBAT mass compared to HF animals. Both their iBAT and tPVAT showed higher protein levels of the ETC protein complexes and UCP1, together with a reduction of inflammatory and oxidative markers. The activation of the AT2R increases BAT mass, mitochondrial activity, and reduces markers of tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity. Therefore, insulin reduction and better vascular responses are achieved. Thus, the activation of the protective arm of the renin–angiotensin system arises as a promising tool in the treatment of obesity.
Evidence for a memory advantage for prosocial behaviors
Authors: Urban Levy Pauline , Sklenar Allison M. , Frankenstein Andrea N. , Leshikar Eric D.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Prior work in the memory domain has shown that certain social information is especially well‐remembered such as information for social targets who cheat. Less work, however, has investigated the extent people remember information for social targets who engage in prosocial behaviors (e.g., helping) in social interactions. The current investigation examines whether there is a memory advantage for social targets who perform prosocial behaviors.

Methods

Across two experiments, participants formed impressions of social targets engaging in prosocial and non‐prosocial behaviors. Participants were then tested on their memory for the impression as well as the specific behavior each social target performed.

Results

Results of Experiment 1 showed that memory for impressions was better for social targets engaging in prosocial compared to non‐prosocial behaviors. Results of Experiment 2 showed marginally better behavior memory for targets performing prosocial compared to non‐prosocial behaviors.

Conclusion

Overall, results of both experiments provide converging evidence of a prosocial advantage in memory, which suggests that people are attuned to prosocial behaviors exhibited by others in the social domain.
Enhancing viability and angiogenic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells via HSP90α and HSP27 regulation based on ROS stimulation for wound healing
Authors: Seo Inwoo , Kim Sung‐Won , Hyun Jiyu , Kim Yu‐Jin , Park Hyun Su , Yoon Jeong‐Kee , Bhang Suk Ho
Published: June 2023

Light‐based therapy has been reported as a potential preconditioning strategy to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and improve the angiogenic properties of various types of cells. However, bio‐stimulation mechanisms of light therapy in terms of ROS‐heat shock proteins (HSPs) mediated anti‐apoptotic and angiogenic pathways in human adult stem cells have not been fully delineated yet. Commonly used light sources such as light‐emitting diode (LED) and laser are accompanied by drawbacks, such as phototoxicity, thermal damage, and excessive ROS induction, so the role and clinical implications of light‐induced HSPs need to be investigated using a heat‐independent light source. Here, we introduced organic LED (OLED) at 610 nm wavelength as a new light source to prevent thermal effects from interfering with the expression of HSPs. Our results showed that light therapy using OLED significantly upregulated anti‐apoptotic and angiogenic factors in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at both gene and protein levels via the activation of HSP90α and HSP27, which were stimulated by ROS. In a mouse wound‐closing model, rapid recovery and improved re‐epithelization were observed in the light‐treated hMSCs transplant group. This study demonstrates that the upregulation of Akt (protein kinase B)‐nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) signaling, caused by HSP90α and HSP27 expression, is the mechanism behind the anti‐apoptotic and angiogenic effects of OLED treatment on stem cells.
Thermosensitive hydrogel‐based GPR124 delivery strategy for rebuilding blood‐spinal cord barrier
Authors: Shu Jiawei , Wang Chenggui , Tao Yiqing , Wang Shaoke , Cheng Feng , Zhang Yuang , Shi Kesi , Xia Kaishun , Wang Ronghao , Wang Jingkai , Yu Chao , Chen Jiangjie , Huang Xianpeng , Xu Haibin , Zhou Xiaopeng , Wu Haobo , Liang Chengzhen , Chen Qixin , Yan Shigui , Li Fangcai
Published: June 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes blood‐spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption, leading to secondary damage, such as hemorrhagic infiltration, inflammatory response, and neuronal cell death. It is of great significance to rebuild the BSCB at the early stage of SCI to alleviate the secondary injury for better prognosis. Yet, current research involved in the reconstruction of BSCB is insufficient. Accordingly, we provide a thermosensitive hydrogel‐based G protein‐coupled receptor 124 (GPR124) delivery strategy for rebuilding BSCB. Herein, we firstly found that the expression of GPR124 decreased post‐SCI and demonstrated that treatment with recombinant GPR124 could partially alleviate the disruption of BSCB post‐SCI by restoring tight junctions (TJs) and promoting migration and tube formation of endothelial cells. Interestingly, GPR124 could also boost the energy metabolism of endothelial cells. However, the absence of physicochemical stability restricted the wide usage of GPR124. Hence, we fabricated a thermosensitive heparin‐poloxamer (HP) hydrogel that demonstrated sustained GPR124 production and maintained the bioactivity of GPR124 (HP@124) for rebuilding the BSCB and eventually enhancing functional motor recovery post‐SCI. HP@124 hydrogel can encapsulate GPR124 at the lesion site by injection, providing prolonged release, preserving wounded tissues, and filling injured tissue cavities. Consequently, it induces synergistically efficient integrated regulation by blocking BSCB rupture, decreasing fibrotic scar formation, minimizing inflammatory response, boosting remyelination, and regenerating axons. Mechanistically, giving GPR124 activates energy metabolism via elevating the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), and eventually restores the poor state of endothelial cells. This research demonstrated that early intervention by combining GPR124 with bioactive multifunctional hydrogel may have tremendous promise for restoring locomotor recovery in patients with central nervous system disorders, in addition to a translational approach for the medical therapy of SCI.
Impact of thoracic tumor radiotherapy on survival in non‐small‐cell lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion treated with targeted therapy: Propensity score matching study
Authors: Li Qingsong , Hu Cheng , Su Shengfa , Ma Zhu , Geng Yichao , Hu Yinxiang , Jin Haijie , Li Huiqin , Lu Bing
Published: June 2023

Background

EGFR‐mutant (EGFR‐M) and ALK‐positive (ALK‐P)are common in malignant pleural effusion (MPE) with metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (MPE‐NSCLC). The impact of thoracic tumor radiotherapy on survival in such patients remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether thoracic tumor radiotherapy could improve overall survival (OS) in such patients.

Methods

According to whether or not patients accepted thoracic tumor radiotherapy, 148 patients with EGFR‐M or ALK‐P MPE‐NSCLC treated with targeted therapy were classified into two groups: DT group without thoracic tumor radiotherapy and DRT group with thoracic tumor radiotherapy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance clinical baseline characteristics. Overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier, compared by log‐rank test, and evaluated using Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Median survival time (MST) was 25 months versus 17 months in the DRT group and DT group. The OS rates at 1, 2, 3, 5 years in the DRT group and DT group were 75.0%, 52.8%, 26.8%, 11.1% and 64.5%, 28.4%, 9.2%, 1.8%, respectively (χ2 = 12.028, p = 0.001). Compared with DT group, the DRT group still had better survival after PSM (p = 0.007). Before and after PSM, factors associated with better OS through multivariable analysis were that thoracic tumor radiotherapy, radiotherapy, N0‐2, and ALK‐TKIs. Grades 4–5 radiation toxicities were not observed in patients; 8 (11.6%) and 7 (10.1%) out of the DRT group suffered from Grade 3 radiation esophagitis and radiation pneumonitis, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results for EGFR‐M or ALK‐P MPE‐NSCLC showed that thoracic tumor radiotherapy may be crucial factor in improving OS with acceptable toxicities. Potential biases should not be neglected: Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm this result.
Moving beyond nanotechnology to uncover a glimmer of hope in diabetes medicine: Effective nanoparticle‐based therapeutic strategies for the management and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Ahmad , Zamani Ali , Johari Hamed Ghoddusi , Vaez Ahmad , Golchin Ali , Tayebi Lobat , Vafa Ehsan , Abbasi Milad , Amani Ali Mohammad , Chelliapan Shreeshivadasan , Kamyab Hesam , Anbardar Mohammad Hossein , Jangjou Ali
Published: June 2023

Hyperglycemia, a distinguishing feature of diabetes mellitus that might cause a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), is an endocrine disorder that affects an extremely high percentage of people. Having a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of diabetic wound healing can help researchers and developers design effective therapeutic strategies to treat the wound healing process in diabetes patients. Using nanoscaffolds and nanotherapeutics with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm represents a state‐of‐the‐art and viable therapeutic strategy for accelerating the wound healing process in diabetic patients, particularly those with DFU. Nanoparticles can interact with biological constituents and infiltrate wound sites owing to their reduced diameter and enhanced surface area. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that they promote the processes of vascularization, cellular proliferation, cell signaling, cell‐to‐cell interactions, and the formation of biomolecules that are essential for effective wound healing. Nanomaterials possess the ability to effectively transport and deliver various pharmacological agents, such as nucleic acids, growth factors, antioxidants, and antibiotics, to specific tissues, where they can be continuously released and affect the wound healing process in DFU. The present article elucidates the ongoing endeavors in the field of nanoparticle‐mediated therapies for the management of DFU.
Toxic fasciculations–An unusual presentation of organophosphate poisoning
Authors: Sivanandam Lokesh Koumar , Razul Benazir Beegum , Gupta Umang , Sanker Vivek
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

The nicotinic symptom in Organo‐Phosphate (OP) poisoning is an unusual presentation in an adult, as in our case of a 38‐year‐old man who also experienced decreased motor power of all limbs and diffuses fasciculation of the tongue and lower limbs.
Complexities of the Interaction of NiII, PdII and PtII Pyrrole‐Imine Chelates with Human Serum Albumin**
Authors: Sookai Sheldon , Munro Orde Q.
Published: June 2023

Human serum albumin (HSA) efficiently transports drugs in vivo: most are organic. Here, HSA binding affinity and site specificity are shown to depend on the identity of the d8 metal ion in NiII, PdII and PtII chelates of the bis(pyrrole‐imine) ligand H2PrPyrr. Fluorescence quenching data for native and probe‐bound HSA showed sites close to Trp‐214 (subdomain IIA) are targeted. The Stern‐Volmer constants, KSV, ranged from 104 M−1 to 105 M−1 while the affinity constants, Ka, ranged from ∼3.5×103 M−1 to ∼1×106 M−1 at 37 °C, following the order Pd(PrPyrr) > Pt(PrPyrr) > Ni(PrPyrr) > H2PrPyrr. Ligand uptake is enthalpically driven, hinging mainly on London dispersion forces. Induced CD spectra for the protein‐bound ligands could be simulated by hybrid QM:MM TD‐DFT methods, proving that the metal chelates neither decompose nor demetallate after uptake by HSA. Transport and delivery of the metal chelates by HSA in vivo could therefore be feasible.
Copper removal from sediment by electrokinetic treatment with electrodes in a hexagonal configuration
Authors: Dudukovic Natasa , Beljin Jelena , Dubovina Milos , Tenodi Kristiana Zrnic , Cveticanin Livija , Zukovic Miodrag , Krcmar Dejan
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of removing Cu from sediment by electrokinetic (EK) treatment with electrodes in a hexagonal configuration, and whether water leached can be reused. Three experiments were performed (e1: continuous application of electricity, e2: no electricity at night, e3: application of solar panels) to evaluate the impact of the absence of electricity during night and the variations that may occur during the day when solar panels were used on the efficiency of the treatment. At the end of the treatments, 2–13% more Cu was detected in the cathode region (locations 5 and 10) compared to the initial concentration. Furthermore, based on the calculated mass balance, we concluded that Cu was bound to the electrode surface. In the remaining EK cell locations, the Cu content was reduced by 50–60% for e1, e2, and e3. For field application, treatment e3, in which solar panels are applied, is recommended, since there are no significant differences in the achieved efficiencies. A significant advantage of the treatment from an ecological point of view is reflected in the absence of an acidification effect. In this study, we also applied a model which showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. Analyses of leached water after electrokinetic treatments, e1, e2, e3, indicate that this water has a potential for irrigation use of agricultural land, aiming to meet the goals of the circular economy.
Naturally occurring histological findings and Alzheimer's‐like pathology in the brain of aging African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus)
Authors: Corey Tatiana M. , Illanes Oscar , Lawrence Matthew , Perez Sylvia E. , Liddie Shervin , Callanan John J.
Published: June 2023

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are important to study the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease and evaluate therapies targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding the age‐associated incidence of natural CNS pathology in a given NHP species is critical to assess the safety of potential treatments for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). We describe background and age‐related neuropathology in the St. Kitts African green monkey (AGM), a recognized translational model for neurodegenerative research, additionally defining the age progression of AD‐associated neuropathology in this species. Seventy‐one AGM brains were examined, representing age groups of 3–6 years (n = 20), 7–9 years (n = 20), 10–15 years (n = 20), and >15 years (n = 11). A subset of brains (n = 31) was assessed immunohistochemically for AD‐related pathology, including expressions of Aβ, tau, and GFAP. Age‐related microscopic findings included hemosiderosis, spheroid formation, neuronal lipofuscinosis and neuromelanosis, white matter and neuropil vacuolation, astrocytosis, and focal microgliosis. Non‐age‐related findings included perivascular ceroid‐laden macrophages, meningeal melanosis, and vascular mineralization. Immunohistochemistry revealed 4G8‐immunopositive Aβ plaques and vascular deposits in the prefrontal, frontal, cingulate, and temporal cortices of nine animals over 15 years of age, with associated increase in GFAP expression. In 12 animals, 11 over the age of 10 years, phosphorylated tau CP13‐immunoreactive neurons, neuropil, and oligodendrocyte‐like cells were seen in the prefrontal, frontal, cingulate, orbital, temporal, and entorhinal cortices as well as the hippocampus; no neurofibrillary tangles were observed. AD‐related pathology showed an age‐related development in cognitive‐associated areas in the AGM, highlighting the value of the AGM as a natural model for these neurodegenerative diseases.