bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The implications of maternal grandmother coresidence and involvement for adolescent adjustment in South Africa
Authors: Levetan Jessica L. , Wild Lauren G.
Published: June 2015

Maternal grandmothers residing in 3‐generation households often provide care and support to their grandchildren. However, the implications of grandmother coresidence and involvement for adolescent adjustment have been neglected in the South African literature. This study examined whether the involvement of maternal grandmothers who coreside with grandchildren and their parents differed from that of non‐coresident grandmothers. In addition, we assessed the associations between maternal grandmother coresidence and involvement, and adolescents' internalising problems, externalising problems and prosocial behaviour. Self‐report survey data were obtained from a sample of 384 “coloured” (mixed‐race) and black African Grade 8 and Grade 9 students in Cape Town. The mean age of the participants was 13.96 years, 58% were females and 27% lived in 3‐generation households. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the involvement of coresident and non‐coresident grandmothers, and that adolescents in 3‐generation and 2‐generation households displayed similar levels of adjustment. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that greater maternal grandmother involvement was associated with more adolescent prosocial behaviour (p < .001) regardless of household structure, and with fewer adolescent internalising problems in 3‐generation households (p = .03). Findings underscore the need to move beyond the immediate family to consider how grandparents may influence adolescent development.
Triterpenoid. I. The Sugar Constituents of Some Triterpenoid Saponins from Formosan Plants
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Lo Tung‐Bin , Tai Wun‐Ten
Published: June 2015

The sugar Parts of A2‐Barrinin(1), D1‐Randinin, C‐Momordin, F‐Styradin and S‐Styradin were investigated paper chromatographically, and a more accurate result was obtained.
Conjugated Unsaturated Ketones. III. Aromatization‐Like Reactions and Aromatization of Dibenzalcycloalkanones
Authors: Yeh Ping‐Yuan
Published: June 2015

The stability of 2,6‐dibenzalcyclohexanone (V) and 2,5‐dibenzalcyclopentanone (VI) has been discussed. Twenty‐seven examples of aromatizationlike reaction of 2,6‐dibenzalcyclohexanone and 2,5‐dibenzalcyclopentanone have been studied. Aromatization of 2,6‐dibenzalcyciohexanone has been realized by both indirect and direct methods.
Essential Oils. IV. Oil of Limnophila Erecta, Benth
Authors: Yeh Ping‐Hsien , Lin Chih
Published: June 2015

Limnophila arecta, Benth. gave 0.05% essential oil on steam distillation. The crude oil consists of 37% α‐pinene, 15% d‐limonene, 26% α‐caryophyllene, 15% β‐caryophyllene, 4% cadinene, 2% sesquiterpene alcohols, and traces of terpene alcohol.
The Essential Oil of Chamaecyparis Taiwanensis, Masamune et Suzuki. I. Acidic components
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Wang Kung‐Tsug , Chen Chen‐Loung
Published: June 2015

The lower boiling point fraction (b.p. ca. 130°/15 mm) of the essential oil of Chamaecyparis taiwanensis was thoroughly studied. p‐Cresol, α‐Thujaplicine and one new tropolonoid were newly identified as the additional components. 1‐Rhodinic acid, Hinokitiol and Terpin hydrate were also identified in this fraction.
Molecular Orbital Theory of Hyperconjugation. II. A Note on the Desmotropism of Pyrrole
Authors: Lin Wei‐Chuwan
Published: June 2015

The molecular orbital theory is applied to the treatment of the hyperconjugation in α‐and β‐pyrrolenines, the so‐called desmotropes of pyrrole. The results obtained are listed. Reseonance energies in both pyrrlenines are found to be in agreement with that of normal pyrrole. It is proposed that the desmotropism of this type corresponds to a kind of degeneracy in which each of the desmotropes may be considered as the unperturbed state.
Physico‐Chemical Studies on the Electrolytic Behavior of Thorium and Uranium Ions. I. Spectrophotometric Studies on Thorium and Uranyl Sulfosalicylates
Authors: Pan Kuan , Hseu Tong Ming , Chang Teh Liang
Published: June 2015

Mixtures of thorium and uranyl perchlorates and sulfosalicylic acid have been studied by potentiometric titration with sodium and ammonium hydroxides, respectively, using glass electrode as indicator electrode. No precipitation was observed in these titrations up to pH 8 in the presence of an excess of sulfosalicylic acid. The reaction between thorium and sulfosalicylate ions has been studied spectrophotometrically, using 1:1 uranyl sulfosalicylate complex as an indicator. The latter complex was reinvestigated at pH 3.7 for comparison. By employing Job's method of continuous variations, it was found that thorium and sulfosalicylate ions reacted in a 1:1 ratio at pH 3.7, showing that an exchange reaction had taken place between thorium salt and uranyl sulfosalicylate.
A Study in the Mechanism of the Formation of Substituted Uracils and Thiouracils
Authors: Ma T.S. , Zoellner William G.
Published: June 2015

A variety of ureas and thioureas were treated with ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl n‐butylacetoacetate, and ethyl di‐n‐butylacetoacetate under acidic, basic, and neutral conditions. Under acidic conditions, ethyl acetoacetate reacted only with urea or methylurea; under neutral conditions, it reacted only with thiourea; under basic conditions, it reacted only with thiourea, methylthiourea and ethylthiourea. Ethyl n‐butylacetoacetate reacted only with thiourea in base, while ethyl di‐n‐butylacetoacetate failed to condense with urea or thiourea under all conditions.

In the condensation reaction between acetoacetic ester and thioureas, it was found that (a) the reaction proceeded best with thiourea and ethyl acetoacetate; (b) introduction of a single alkyl group into either the thiourea or the acetoacetic ester molecular lowered the yield but did not preclude the reaction; (c) introduction of two alkyl groups distributed in any fashion between the thiourea and acetoacetic ester molecules precluded the reaction; and (d) only the 3‐alkyl thiouracils were obtained from alkyl thioureas. A probable mechanism, based on the resonance theory, has been proposed.
Studies of the Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate in the Aqueous Solutions of Partially Acetylated Polyvinyl Alcohol. II. On the Change of Huggins' Constant k′ with the Variation of the Composition of the Mixed Solvent
Authors: Lin Chen‐Chong
Published: June 2015

The change of Huggins' constant k′ of the graft polymer solution brought about by varying the composition of the solvent was studied. The graft polymer solution studied was prepared according to the method described in the author's previous paper,(1) and k′ was obtained from viscosity measurements of the solvent with varying methanol contents. The following results were obtained:

(1) The Huggings' constant was found to change with the variation in the methanol content of solvent.

(2) The minimum value for k′ was attained when the solvent contained 75% methanol.

(3) The first interaction coefficients a2 were determined and the critical point was also observed under the same conditions.
Cathodic Action of the Metal Complexes at the Dropping Mercury Electrode. VII. Lead‐Ascorbate Complex
Authors: Lai Tsai‐Teh , Wang Bi‐Cheng
Published: June 2015

The polarographic characteristics of the chelate formed between lead ion and ascorbic acid have been studied over a pH range of 2.0 to 5.8.

The reversible reduction was held over a wide range of the concentration of the chelating agent varying from 0.132 M to 1.0 M when pH value was lower than 5.8.

The higher the concentration of ascorbic acid, the more hydroxylion was involved in the reduction of the polarographic solution of the same pH value.

At pH 2.5 to 5.8 the existence of a mixture of more than one kind of chelate species was found.

The diffusion current was found to be proportional to lead ion concentration from 0.2 mM to 2.0 mM with 1.4% average deviation.
Extractive Components from the Heartwood of Taiwania Cryptomerioides Hayata. II. The Presence of Hinokiol, Savinin and α‐Cadinol
Authors: Lin Yau‐Tang , Lin Yaw‐San , Lo Tung‐Bin
Published: June 2015

In part I of this series,(1) we reported that four kinds of crystalline components had been isolated from the acetone extract of the wood.
Cholesteroxytrimethylsilane and Stigmasteroxytrimethylsilane
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Lieh , Wang Taitzer
Published: June 2015

Although a great number of alkoxyorganosilanes have been reported in the last two decades, not a single organosilane containing a steroid skelton in the alkoxy part of the compounds of RO‐SiR3' type is known. Intending to get some information concerning such compounds, cholesterol, stigmasterol, and ergosterol were separately treated with trimethylchlorosilane in the presence of pyridine, as a hydrochloric acid acceptor, to form the corresponding trimethylsilylethers. Only cholesterol and stigmasterol, however, gave stable compounds. In the case of ergosterol the trimethylsilyl ether formed at first hydrolyzed easily during recrystallization. The two stable crystalline ethers can also be hydrolyzed by prolonged contact with water vapor. Thus the trimethylsilylethers of sterols are different from those of xylenols(1,3) whose stability toward water was described previously.
Some Aspects on the Preparation of Rubidium‐86
Authors: Yang Mo‐Hsiung , Yeh Si‐Jung
Published: June 2015

A systematic study on the purification of Rubidium‐86 was carried out. Ten grams of rubidium chloride was irradiated in the THOR for 120 hours at the neutron flux of 3×1012 n/cm2‐sec. After the anionic species induced by nuclear reactions were removed by anion exchange resin, the trace amount of cesium contaiminated in the irradiated target was separated from rubidium‐86 by ion exchange method. Dowex 50w×4(200–400 mesh) was used as the exchange resin and dilute hydrochloric acid of varying concentrations was employed as the eluant. Optimum conditions for separating a large quantity of rubidium‐86 from the trace amounts of cesium‐134 was investigated by varying column ratios, hydrochloric acid concentrations and flow rates. An inorganic exchanger was also tried for comparison.
Cellophane Dosimetry of Electron Beam Generated by Van de Graaff Accelerator
Authors: Chem Tsan‐Jen , Yeh Si‐Jung
Published: June 2015

The dose of electron beam generated by Van de Graaff accelerator was measured by using ceric‐cerous dosimeter. Two kinds of cellophane dosimeters (Type A and Type B) were also used to provide a simple means for routine measurement of the dose of an electron beam. It was demonstrated that a linear relationship existed between optical density changes of cellophane dosimeter and the total dose of electron beam in the range of 2.0×105−8×106 (Type A) and 2.0×106−6×107 (Type E) rads, respectively.
Synthesis of Sulfamylchalcones
Authors: Hsu K. K. , Chen F. C. , Lo M. S.
Published: June 2015

Thirteen new 4‐sulfamyl chalcones have been prepared by the condensation of substituted acetophenones with p‐sulfamyl‐ or N‐substituted sulfamylbenzaldiacetates.
Methylbutylhydrosiloxanes
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Lieh , Chen Cheng‐Yu
Published: June 2015

Partial butylation of methyldichlorosilane followed by the hydrolysis of the product gave a complicated siloxane mixture, from which 1,3‐dimethyl‐1, 3‐dibutyl‐1, 3‐dihydrosiloxane (I), 1,3,5‐tri‐methyl‐1, 5‐dibutyl‐1, 3,5‐trihydrotrisiloxane (II), and 1,3,5,7‐tetra‐methyl‐1,7‐dibutyl‐1,3,5,7‐tetrahydrotetrasiloxane(III) were isolated and structurally determined. Removal of unreacted methyldichlorosilane after coupling reaction caused better yield of disiloxane, retention of methyldichlorosilane caused abundant yield of polysiloxanes.
Polyamide‐Silica Gel Mixed Layer Chromatography of Water Soluble Vitamins
Authors: Chiang Hung‐Cheh , Wu Ying‐Chang
Published: June 2015

The water soluble vitamins were well separated on the polyamide‐silica gel G(2: 1) mixed layer with 10% ammonium chloride solution, 10% sodium citrate solution, and 10% sodium sulfate solution. The mixed layer is firmly bonded and easy to handle and store.
Syntheses of 9‐β‐D‐Ribofuranosylpurine Derivatives as Effective Antiradiation Agents
Authors: Lee Kong‐Ko
Published: June 2015

6‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl‐1, 2‐14C) amino‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine (I) and 6‐(2‐mercaptoethyl‐35S) amino‐9‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpurine (II) were synthesized for the investigation of their in vivo distribution in mice. All the reaction conditions were made by non‐radioactive runs and it was found that thiol compound II was easily oxidized to form the disulfide IV in the purification procedure.
Studies on the Alkaloids of Formosan Corydalis Species: Part III. Alkaloids of Corydalis Tashiroi Makino
Authors: Lu Sheng‐Teh , Lin Chun‐Nan , Wu Tien‐Shung
Published: June 2015

Six alkaloids have been isolated from Corydalis tashirol Makino and four of these were identified as palmatine(I), dl‐tetrahydropalmatine(III), I‐tetrahydropalmatine(III) and protopine(V).
Polarized Raman spectra IX. Low Frequency Vibrations in Crystallne Trans‐Stilbene
Authors: Ting Chen‐Hanson
Published: June 2015

Raman spectrum of powdered crystalline trans‐stilbene is recorded by a laser Raman spectrometer. The intensity of a low frequency skeleton bending vibration at 220 cm−1 is observed to be very weak. Its Raman intensity, after corrected for the photocathode response and for the v4 scattering factor, agrees within 10% of the theoretically calculated value. It is therefore proved that the intensity of a Raman active vibration is proportional to the square of its vibrational frequency, if only one excited state is involved in the scattering process.

Lattice vibrations in trans‐stilbene crystal are also reported.
Studies on the Alkaloids of Formosan Lauraceous Plants. XVII. Alkaloids of Phoebe Formosana Hay. 1
Authors: Lu Sheng‐Teh , Su Tsann‐Long
Published: June 2015

Nine alkaloids have been isolated from the woods and the barks of Phoebe formosana Hayata and four of these have been identified with laurolitsine) (IV), roemerine (V), ushinsunine (VI) and oxoushinsunine (liriodenine) (VII).
NMR Studies of Solvent Effect on Internal Rotation in Some Non‐Symmetrical 1,2‐Disubstituted Ethanes
Authors: Chen Li‐Shu , Lin Wei‐Chuwan
Published: June 2015

The A2B2 system of PMR spectra of 3‐bromopropionic acid, 3‐chloropropionic acid, 3‐bromopropionitrile, and 3‐chloropropionitrile exhibit appreciable solvent effect at room temperature. NMR spectroscopic parameters of A2B2 spectrum as well as physical parameters related to internal rotation, i. e. the highest energy barrier and the energy difference between rotamers, were determined for these compounds in the medium of various solvents. It was found that in the case of 3‐bromopropionic acid, the trans rotamer is more stable than the gauche rotamers, and the energy difference decreases with increasing dielectric constant of solvent. While in the case of 3‐bromopropionitrile, the gauche rotamers were found to be more stable than the trans rotamer and the energy difference increases with increasing dielectric constant of solvent. In the remaining two compounds, 3‐chloropropionic acid and 3‐chloropropionitrile, both trans and gauche rotamers are equally stable in a solvent of low dielectric constant, however in a solvent of higher dielectric constant, the gauche rotamers become more stable than the trans rotamer and the energy difference becomes more pronounced with increasing dielectric constant of solvent.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Trace Amount of Chromium
Authors: Yeh Si‐Jung , Ke Chin‐Nan
Published: June 2015

Trace amount of chromium was first converted quantitatively to volatile chromium chelates such as chromium(III) acetylacetonate, Cr(acac)1, chromium(III) trifluoracetylacetonate, Cr(tfa)3, and chromium(III) hexafluoroacetylacetonate, Cr(hfa)3, and the chelate solution was then analyzed by gas chromatography. It was found that Cr(tfa)3 is the most suitable chemical form for this purpose. The method was profitably applied to the determination of chromium(III) incorporated in the six kinds of commerical products of potassium Chromate.
60Co‐v Radiolysis of a Mixture of Benzene and Cyclohexane in Presence of Diphenyl Mercury
Authors: Nazir S. B. , Rai R. S.
Published: June 2015

In the radiolysis of cyclohexane in presence of 4×10−3M diphenylmercury (Hg φ3) three isomers of hexane, methylcyclopentane (G=0.018), benzene (G=0.42) and cyclohexene (G=0.047) were detected. Addition of benzene in the mixture of cyclohexane and Hg φ3 formed two isomers of pentane, hexene and one isomer of hexane as additional products, while cyclohexene was eliminated completely. Normally, eight products were detected in presence of 10 to 50% benzene. Total radiolytic yield of products increased in presence of 15 to 25% benzene but in presence of 35 to 50% benzene G values became very low. Considerable amount of hexene is formed in a mixture of benzene and cyclohexane but neither benzene nor cyclohexane in presence of Hg φ2 formed this compound. In the presence o. benzene and φ2Hg hexane yield is very much reduced. Protection is observed in presence of 10% as well as 35 to 50% benzene in this system. The plot of benzene concentration in moles/litre versus methylcyclopentane is linear and from the slope of the straight line, the values of rate constants were found to be 2.65×10−2 litre/mole sec., 5.25×10−3 litre mole sec., 9×10−7 litre/mole sec. for methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane and benzene respectively. A plot of G(–c‐C6H12) versus 1/[C6H6] also gave a straight line which confirms the sponge type protection in this multicomponent system.
Assay and Kinetic Studies on the Enzymatic Proteolysis with Ninhydrin Reagent
Authors: Lai Tzen‐Son , Liao Mei‐June
Published: June 2015

A method using ninhydrin reagent for proteolytic activity measurement and kinetic studies with protein or modified protein as substrate was explored. As the reagent is specific for amino group, quantitative expression can be made with the number of peptide bonds cleaved. The sensitivity of the method made it possible for the determination of various kinetic parameters such as Km, Vmax and Kcat with the measurement of initial velocity. As an example, these quantities were determined for pancreas protease with casein and N,N‐dimethylcasein as substrates. This study made clear the possibility of using a common substrate of proteolytic enzymes for kinetic studies and a general reference for activity expression. By introducing the use of initial velocity in the kinetic studies of proteolysis with protein as the substrate, this study also makes clear that the kinetics of the enzymatic proteolysis very well fits the Michaelis‐Menten law instead of the Schütz law.
An Infrared Investigation of Hydrogen Bonding of Methanol, Ethanol, 1‐Propanol, and 1‐Butanol in Solution
Authors: Liu Dahwei , Wang Chih‐Lueh , Chen Tunli
Published: June 2015

The aggregation phenomena of simple alcohols caused by hydrogen bonding in several organic solvents are studied by I. R. spectroscopy. The association constants of cyclic dimer of alcohols in CCI4 are evaluated, and the importance of solvent bascity effecting on the OH band frequency shift has been discussed.
Variation of Power Output with Changing Working Fluid in a Liquid‐Piston Two‐Phase Heat Engine
Authors: Pan Kee‐Chuan , Cheng Chung‐Heng
Published: June 2015

Emphasis is placed upon selecting working fluid in the drinking bird heat engine. The power output is correlated with thermal efficiency, temperature gradient and heat transfer coefficient. Experimental results are illustrated by our theoretical approaches. We find that thermal efficiency will he largely improved if energy loss due to reheating is eliminated. Method of avoiding reheating and choice of connector height are also discussed. The selection of working fluid mainly depends upon temperature difference. Our theoretical development and experimental results are very useful in constructing a real engine.
Gamma Ray Induced Low Temperature in Situ Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride and Copolymfrization of Vinyl Chloride‐Vinyl Acetate in Taiwan‐Produced Woods
Authors: Wang Ung‐Ping
Published: June 2015

Gamma radiation induced polymerization of vinyl chloride (VC) and copolymerization of vinyl chloride (VC)‐vinyl acetate (VAc) in Taiwan cedars have been investigated at low temperatures. The polymerization‐rate of VC and the copolymerization‐rate of VC‐VAc system in wood were found to be proportional to the n powers of the dose‐rate, where n became close to the value of 1 as the polymerization temperature being lowered below 0°C. The oxygen in air was recognized to induce the delay of the induction period due to its retardation on the polymerization. The apparent activation energies of VC and VC‐VAc for the polymerization and the copolymerization in wood were determined by use of the Arrhenius plotting as 4.0 Kcal/mole and 3.4 Kcal/mole respectively at the temperature‐range of —15°C∼20°C. The degree of polymerization of VC was greatly affected by the polymerization temperature, although it was observed to be independent on the total gamma dose within 1 Mrad and the kinds of wood. No graft reaction of PVC polymer and PVC‐PVAc copolymer onto the wood cellulose was found, while low graft percentage of about 3% being obtained at 20° C in the case of using swelling agents. However, this value was found to be decreased to 0.1% at the temperature of —15°C. Based on the above‐mentioned experimental results, the radiation induced low temperature polymerization of VC or copolymerization of VC‐VAc system in Taiwan produced cedars are considered to proceed with radical polymerization mechanism.
Mutual Separation of Rare Earths in Monazite with Cation Exchange Elution Chromatography
Authors: Chen Ying‐Mao , Sung Nan‐Kuan Y.
Published: June 2015

Mutual separation of the individual rare earth elements (exception of cerium) in monazite from different districts was investigated by cation exchange elution method. Strong acid type cation exchange resin, Bio‐Rad AG 50 Wx8 and eluting solution of a α‐hydroxyisobutyric acid (α‐HIBA) were used. Radioactivity tagged Eu‐152, 154 or Tb‐160 were used as radio active indicator for determination of the distribution coefficients by batch method or for the study of column elution conditions. By gradiently increase of the pH values from 3 to 5 in 0.3 M α‐HIBA eluting solution, complete mutual separation of individual rare earth elements, exception of Dy and Y, were obtained. Dy and Y could not be separated by this scheme of separation and their elution zones were overlapped. Rare earth mixture samples of monazite from different districts were separated with this scheme and these results were compared. From this comparison followings were noticed; 1. Compositions of rare earth elements in monazite from different districts are evidently not alike. 2. Samples from Brazil and Southwestern Coast of Taiwan are much more alike in their compositions but not for those from Australia and Outskirt Island. 3. Sample from Outskirt Island has higher in contents of heavier rare earths and also Nd was higher than La.
Aliphatic Hydroxamic Acids as Chelating Agents; the Stability of Their Proton and Metal Complexes
Authors: Liu Chuen‐Ying , Chang Huoy‐Joung , Uang Suh‐Shiang , Sun Peng‐Joung
Published: June 2015

Three kinds of aliphatic hydroxamic acids, i.e., acetohydroxamic acid, n‐butyrohydrozamic acid, and sorbohydroxamic acid have been prepared as free acids and potassium salts. Their acid dissociation constants and the formation constants of complexes formed by some bivalent metal ions of the first transition element (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) with these three chelating agents in aqueous solution have been determined by using potentiometric titration technique at ionic strength of 0.1M by sodium perchlorate and at a temperature of 25°C±0.1°. The stability of the transition metal ion complexes with these aliphatic hydroxamic acids is in the order Mn<Co<NiZn, which is in agreement with the Irving and William's rule. The chelating forming properties and the comparison of quality as analytical reagent of these three hydroxamic acids were discussed in terms of the proton displacement constant. Sorbohydroxamic acid is superior in its reactivity and the other respects among the three reagents.
The Polarographic Studies of Substituent Effects in Pyridine Complexes of Transition Metals
Authors: Wei Ho‐Hsiang , Tsai Chin‐Wu
Published: June 2015

Polarographic reduction half‐wave potentials for the series of inorganic complexes M(RC5H4N)2Cl2 (M=Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II); R=H, CH3, NH2, OH, CONH3, CHO, COCH2 COPh, Cl, Br and CH2OH) are reported to show the substituent effects in these complexes. Consequently, the E1/2 values correlated linearly with Hammett substituent parameters, the slope of the Eσ Vs σ plots evidently decreases in order of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II).
Studies on the Extractive Constituents of the Bark of Libocedrus Formosana Florin. II
Authors: Lin Y. T. , Kuo Y. H. , Chang B. H.
Published: June 2015

From the acetone extractive of the bark of Libocedrus formosana Florin, sugiol (I), lignoceric acid, 6α–hydroxy–7–oxo–ferruginol (II), ferruginol (III), xanthoperol (IV), β–sitosterol, a mixture of hydrocarbons, a long chain ester and three unidentified products, A, B and C, were isolated.
Studies on the Preparation and Properties of Some Phenolic Derivatives of Biscyclopentadienyl Molybdenum (VI) and Bisindenyl Molybdenum (VI) Oxide Dichloride
Authors: Bhalla M. S. , Vij P. K. , Multani R. K.
Published: June 2015

Reactions of biscyclopentadenyl molybdenum (VI) oxide dichloride (I) and bisindenyl molybdenum (VI) oxide dichloride (II) with mono‐, di‐ and trihydroxy phenols have been studied and the phenoxide derivatives so formed have been isolated. Infrared spectra and some phenolic derivatives of these compounds have been studied.
On the Constituents of Paris Formosana
Authors: Chen Russel R. , Wang Lih‐Yang , Koo Wen‐Yah
Published: June 2015

The presence of catecholtannins and saponin in Paris formosana Hayata was observed. The crude saponin has been isolated. Diosgenin was found to be the sapogenin while glucose and rhamnose were found to be the components of the sugar chain. Glucose is the first sugar unit attached to diosgenin according to GLC. 25D‐Spirosta‐3, 5‐diene was formed during the hydrolysis of the saponin.
Comment on “Maximum Interaction Model of Force Constant Calculation of the MLx(CO)6‐x Type Molecule”
Authors: Lin K. C. , Dai H. L.
Published: June 2015

Since the introduction of non‐mechanical coupling model proposed by Cotton and Kraihanzel1‐3) for the calculation of nonrigorous carbonyl force constants of metal carbonyls, several criticisms4‐3) and modifications6‐13) on this simplified CO‐factored force field has been reported. Recently, a different approach of so‐called “maximum interaction model” was proposed by Chen and Hsiang14). However, we found that basic assumptions of this model are very shaky and questionable since three serious abnormal results could be noted as a result of maximum interaction between carbonyl groups. Here we would like to make some comments on this model.
Studies on the Cotelomerization of Ethylene and Vinyl Chloride with Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Ching , Hsu Kuei‐Hsien
Published: June 2015

The cotelomerization of ethylene and vinyl chloride with carbon tetrachloride was studied under various reaction conditions by using the amine‐metallic salt initiating system. From the GC and NMR spectra, we found that no cotelomerization occured. This is contrary to the findings determined by Rosin et al. The modified insertion mechanism proposed by Asahada and Wu was used to explain the experimental results.
Partial Optical Bleaching of Trapped Electrons in Glasses of 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran at 4° K and 77° K
Authors: Lin D. P.
Published: June 2015

The microscopic view of trapped electron concentration gradient established within a few molecular diameters of 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran after partial bleaching is known to be considerably small that there will be essentially no effects on the relative distribution of electrons in the sample. A weakly bound excited state of trapped electrons in the system is deduced from the Arrhenius activation energies determined from the bleaching data.
Diagnostic Sodium Acetate Shifts in UV Spectrum of Benzofuran‐3‐Ones
Authors: Makrandi J.K. , Grover S.K.
Published: June 2015

4‐Hydroxybenzofuran‐3‐ones show a large bathochromic shift in UV spectrum on the addition of sodium acetate. Such a large shift is not observed in 6‐hydroxycompounds.
The Effect of Temperature, Agitation and Content of Gold on the Thickness of Electroplated Gold at Various Current Densities
Authors: Sheu Fong Chang , Chen Kuang Shiung
Published: June 2015

The effect of temperature, agitation, and content of gold in the solution on the thickness of electroplated gold at various current densities can be easily explained by their effect on the limiting current. Diffusion coefficient of aurocyanide ion, thickness of diffusion layer, and the activity of aurocyanide ion in the bulk solution are the three major factors to affect the limiting current. It was found that the change of temperature will affect both diffusion coefficient and thickness of diffusion layer. However, the thickness of diffusion layer is mainly determined by the means of agitation.
Photolysis of Spiropentane with Xenon Resonance Line
Authors: Tang Y‐N , Yeh Chuin‐Tih
Published: June 2015

Spiropentane was photolyzed using xenon 1470Å resonance light source at room temperature. The photolysis products were analyzed by means of FID‐gas‐chromatographic technique. Through the information about the yields of products, the major primary process of this light‐molecule interaction was assigned as C‐C bond breakage. Methylenecyclobutane, which has been an identified isomerization product of excited spiropentane molecule, was not able to be produced at present high excitation energy.
Kinetical Study of the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Catechol by Metals
Authors: Huang Mary , Chen Chau‐Yang
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the kinetical study of catalytic hydrogenation of catechol over platinum metal catalysts in liquid phase under room temperature and one atmospheric pressure was investigated.

Simple models “straight line” model 1 together with “triangle” model 2 were used to interpret for the change of compositions of samples traced during the reaction process, and the interpretation was found to be satisfactory. These models are as following:

Model 1: consecutive reaction path

catechol→2‐hydroxycyclohexanone→cyclohexane‐1,2‐diol

Model 2: catechol→cyclohexane‐1, 2‐diol directly was added to reaction path of model 1.

The relative reaction rates during hydrogenation processes over ruthenium, rhodium, palladium and platinum were calculated too.

It was also found that the strength of oxygen affinity with catalysts was the factor influenced the selectivity of reaction path and the stereoselectivity of cis and trans diol products.
Bromine‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Maleic Acid to Fumaric Acid
Authors: Jwo Jing‐Jer
Published: June 2015

The presence of small amounts of ceric and bromide ions in the aqueous sulfuric acid solution of maleic acid can catalyze the isomerization of maleic acid to fumaric acid rapidly and quantitatively at room temperature. A qualitative kinetic study was carried out to see how the rate and the yield of this reaction depend on the relative amounts of maleic acid, ceric ion, and bromide ion. In general, the rate increases asymptotically to a limiting value as the concentration of maleic acid, ceric or bromide ion increases. Sulfuric acid has both the chemical and physical effects on the rate of isomerization. If the relative amounts of the reactants is in the order of [maleic acid]≥[Br−]≥[Ce(IV)], a very high yield up to 98% can easily be obtained. Sulfuric acid does not have major effect on the yield. A mechanism was proposed to rationalize the experimental results.
Synthesis of 1‐Isonicotinoyl‐3‐Methyl‐4‐(Substituted AZO) Pyrazol‐5‐Ones
Authors: Singh C. P. , Ojha A. C.
Published: June 2015

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and their derivatives are generally used as antitubercular agent. We synthesised 1‐isonicotinoyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐(substituted azo) pyrazol‐5‐one and their derivatives. Their Rf values, chemical analyses and IR spectra were recorded, The compounds had shown significant central nervous system stimulant activity.
Study on Antitumor Plant Gymnosporia Trilocularis
Authors: Ling Han‐Chin , King Ming‐Lu , Su Muh‐Hwan , Chen Gan‐Lin , Wang Chin‐Tze
Published: June 2015

The alcoholic extract of Gymnosporia trilocularis Hay. (Celastraceae) was found to exhibit antitumor activities against P388 lymphocytic leukemia and KB cell culture systems. From this extract β‐amyrin (1), β‐sitosterol (2) and its monoglucoside (6), stigmasterol (3) and its monoglucoside (7), campesterol (4) and its monoglucoside (8), maniladiol (5), dulcitol (9) and six yet unidentified principles (10–15) were isolated. The stereochemistry of C‐16‐OH of maniladiol (5) was confirmed spectroscopically by 1H nmr to be equatorial. Of all the isolated compounds, the mixture of three steroid monoglucosides (6:7:8=28:1.1:1) exhibited cytotoxicity (ED50=2.6×100 mcg/ml) and 5 showed only marginal effect (ED50=2.1×101 mcg/ml) in KB test system.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Dissociation Constants of Thiovioluric Acid and the Stability Constant of its Fe(II) Complex
Authors: Singh B. R. , Ghosh R.
Published: June 2015

Spectrophotometric studies of Fe(II)‐thiovioluric acid system indicates the presence of a 1:2 complex in the pH range 4.0–6.5. The apparent equilibrium constant (K′1) has been determined by general absorbance‐extinction concentration scheme. The first and second dissociation constants of the acid have been studied at an ionic strength of 0.1 M while the third dissociation constant has been determined at I = 1 M. The effects of sudden pH change and buffer compositions on the dissociations have also been investigated. The stability constant of the complex has been calculated from the apparent equilibrium constant at ionic strength of 0.1 M. The stability constant works out to be 15.67 at pH 5.5.
A Thermodynamic Study of Bromo‐Lanthanum (III) Complexes from EMF Measurements
Authors: Hsin Shu‐Ching , Huang Teh‐Shoon
Published: June 2015

The stability constants (for the formation) of LaBr2+ and LaBr2+ ions were obtained potentiometrically at various ionic strengths at 20°, 25°, 30°, and 35°. The molal free energy was given by ΔG°=‐2,444.04+2.67T log T+1.39T. The thermodynamic quantities for the formation of LaBr2+ were evaluated as ΔHf° = −207.9, ΔGf° = −199.1 kcal mole−1 and S° = −29.5 cal. deg−1 mole−1 at 25°.
An Internal‐Standard Method for Determination of Trace Impurities in Semiconductor Grade Silicon by Neutron Activation Analysis
Authors: Chou Chi‐Chiang , Pung Tong‐Chuin , Tsai Hui‐Tuh , Wu Shaw‐Chii
Published: June 2015

An internal‐standard method1–4) has been applied for the determination of La, Sb, Au, Cr and Ag in silicon single‐crystal by neutron activation analysis using cobalt as an internal‐standard element. No chemical separation is required in this case and the precision obtained with the present method is satisfactory.
Kinetic Studies of Picolinic Acid Catalyzed Chromic Acid Oxidation of Cyclohexanone
Authors: Lin Tzuen‐Yeuan
Published: June 2015

The chromic acid oxidation of cyclohexanone catalyzed by picolinic acid in water undergoes a change from first‐to zero‐order dependence in both cyclohexanone and acidity. The mechanism proposed indicates the formation of an intermediate C1 by picolinic acid and chromic acid. Then C1 would react with enol form of cyclohexanone to give another intermediate C2. C2 finally cleaves into products.
The Anomalous Emission Characteristics of the Cyalume Fluorescer: 9,10‐Bis (Phenylethynyl) Anthracene
Authors: Shih‐Chen S. J. , Wu S. H. , Fang T. S.
Published: June 2015

A fancy emission behavior was found in the light carrier of the commercial Cyalume light stick, 9,10‐bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene (BPEA). The yellowish‐orange emission is noted from BPEA in methylcyclohexane matrix. Nitrogen laser time‐resolved spectroscopy and excitation luminescene studies of BPEA in methylcyclohexane showed that the different emission behavior is probably due to the different conformation of the ground state of the BPEA in solid and in solution.
Spectrophotometric Studies on the Aggregation of Some Acid Dyes
Authors: El‐Mariah Afaf A. R. , Kafafi Zakya H. , Moussa Eglal A.
Published: June 2015

The electronic absorption spectra of different acid dyes, mainly C. I. Acid Red 13, 18, 27, 88 and 141, have been investigated in aqueous and non‐aqueous solutions. As the concentration of the dye increases the absorption spectrum shifts to shorter wavelengths; this behaviour has been attributed to the formation of higher aggregates. The longer wavelength band, most marked in dilute solutions, is typical of the monomeric dye. The aggregation of these dyes were studied quantitatively using the Maximum Slope Method. The monosulfonic acid dyes Red 141 and 88 and the disulfonic acid dye 13 are aggregated at room temperature with an average aggregation number of 2.0, 2.2 and 1.5, respectively. The trisulfonic acid dyes Red 18 and 27 show very little aggregation at this temperature.
A Study of Chemically Activated Ethylmethylether
Authors: Young Yau‐Wen , Chao Kuei‐Jung
Published: June 2015

The decomposition rate of the chemically activated ethylmethylether produced from dimethyl ether‐oxygen‐diazomethane photolysis at 3660Å have been measured to be 2∼5×106 sec−1. By comparing the pressure dependent variation of rate constants with the RRKM calculation results, the strong collision behavior of dimethylether and the gaussian energy distribution of singlet methylene are determined.
Determination of Boron with Isotope Dilution Method
Authors: Luo Shen‐Kay , Ou‐Yang C. C. , Chang Fu‐Chung , Yeh Yu‐Chai
Published: June 2015

100 ng or less amount of boron in the form of Na2B4O7 was loaded on tantalum filament of thermal ionization mass spectrometer. A serial isotope ratios of metaborate, Me=88 (Na2 11BO2) and Me=89 (Na2 11BO2) prepared with spike (10B enriched) and nature boron were determined successfully and compared with reference values.
Selective Ortho Chlorination of Phenols with n, n‐Dichloro‐t‐Butylamine in Various Solvents
Authors: Ogata Yoshiro , Takagi Katsuhiko , Kondo Yoshinori , Hsin Shu‐Ching , Woo Whei‐Ing , Chen Fa‐Ching
Published: June 2015

Chlorination of phenol with N,N‐dichlororo‐t‐butylamine (DCB) in appropriate solvents affording o‐ and p‐chlorophenols exhibits high ortho/para ratio up to >10. Solvents associate with phenolic OH group and interfere with the hydrogen bonding between phenol and DCB tend to decrease both rate of reaction and ortho/para ratio; e.g., <1.1 in acetonitrile. The reaction shows autocatalysis exerted by a product, t‐butylamine, which would accelerate the reaction by abstracting a proton from the benzene site on which C1 of DCB attacks. Anhydrous sodium phenoxide is little chlorinated. These facts imply a transition state in which phenol and DCB is hydrogen‐bonded for the ortho chlorination. This type of chlorination is applicable to the ortho chlorination of other phenols.
A Facile Preparation of Tebbe Reagent and its Subsequent Reactions
Authors: Chou Ta‐Shue , Huang Sung‐Ben , Hsu Wen‐Hu
Published: June 2015

A facile preparation of Tebbe reagent (1) by reacting AlMe3 solution with Cp1TiCl2 is reported. After complete removal of solvent and excess of AlMe3, the crude Tebbe reagent could be used without purification to react with ketones in a Wittig‐type manner.
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Investigation and Determination of Palladium
Authors: Mostafa M. A. , Kabil M. A.
Published: June 2015

This work aims to achieve a determinate characterization of compound formation and to find out the resolution to overcome chemical interferences in atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) determination of palladium. The effect of flame composition in producing a neutral palladium atoms was investigated. A new analytical procedure has been elaborated for the determination of palladium.
A Study on Improving the Crystallization Rate of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate)
Authors: Chen Leo‐Wang , Chiu Wen‐Yen , Yu Wei‐Ching
Published: June 2015

In this study, sodium benzoate was selected as the nucleating agent to improve the crystallization rate of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET). A new polyester, PEAT, which was systhesized from Bis Hydroxy‐Ethyl Terephthalate (BHET) and adipic acid, was blended with PET to improve the (crystallization) rate of PET at lower temperatures. The crystallization rate of the PET blends was measured with a DSC and the kinetics of crystallization were studied.

It was found that the range of the crystallization temperatures for the PET/sodium benzoate blends was wider than that for the PET/PEAT blends which shifted to a lower temperature region. PEAT showed a pronounced effect on the crystallization rate at lower temperatures, while sodium benzoate effected the crystallization rate within the entire range of crystallization temperatures.
Kinetics of Phase Transfer Catalytic Preparation of Benzyl Phenyl Ether
Authors: Yeh Mou‐Yung , Lin Tzong‐Bin , Shih Yen‐Ping
Published: June 2015

Benzyl phenyl ether is prepared in a well‐stirred batch reactor from phenol and benzyl chloride using tetrabutylammonium iodide as phase transfer catalyst. Phenol with sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water as the aqueous phase, and benzyl chloride is dissolved in toluene as the organic phase. Tetrabutylammonium iodide gives high reaction rate without the formation of micelles during the reaction. The reaction mechanism is verified by infrared spectrum study and other experimental observations. The kinetics of the reaction of benzyl chloride is modelled as a first‐order chemical reaction. The cocatalytic effect of the iodide ion, and salting out effect on the overall reaction rate are discussed in detail using experimental data.
Charge Localization of Some Highly Polarizable Systems
Authors: Lee Shyi‐Long , Chu San‐Yan
Published: June 2015

In this work we discuss some close analogies among various intramolecular charge‐transfer systems with high polarizability. They range from sudden‐polarization systems concerning two‐electron localization to valence‐hole and core‐hole systems involving only one‐electron localization, and the combined situation of valence electron‐core hole pair localization. The high polarizability of a two‐site (a, b) system is shown to be correlated to the weakness of the electronic coupling integral  between the sites. The hole localization in core‐hole states and van der waals ions is compared with that of molecular ions due to solvation effect. The electron‐hole pair localization in the core‐hole state of the mixed valence system is compared with that in the Πg,a state of H2 due to electron correlation behavior.
A Computational Algorithm for the Polynomial Approximation Method of Sensitivity Analysis in Chemical Kinetics
Authors: Hwang Jenn‐Tai
Published: June 2015

This paper describes the logic for a program developed by the author to implement the polynomial approximation method (PAM) of sensitivity analysis for general kinetic purposes. The relevant equations and numerical details of the algorithm are outlined, a flow chart is provided, and some programming considerations are discussed in detail. A listing of the PAM code is given in the appendix. The paper also gives a few suggestions for possible improvements and extensions of the present algorithm.
A Metal‐Metal Bonded Dinuclear Ruthenium Ketene Complex
Authors: Lin Ying‐Chih
Published: June 2015

We report the synthesis of metal‐metal bonded dinuclear ruthenium ketene complex [CpRu(CO)]2(μ‐CH2CO)(μ‐CO), 3, (Cp=η5‐C5H5) which contains the unique structural feature, of a μ‐η2(C,C) ketene group bridging two metal centers. Complex 3 is prepared by a rare intramolecular CO insertion to the methylene group of a Ru complex [CpRu(CO)2]2(μ‐CH2), 1, in the absence of CO or any donor ligand. The cis and trans isomers of 3 originating from the arrangement of the Cp groups and the unsymmetrically bridging ketene group, are observed in the NMR spectra. Unlike a ketene complex without a metal‐metal bond [CpRu(CO)2]2(μ‐CH2CO), 2, complex 3 exhibits the chemistry of a ketene molecule and might be used as a stoichiometric ketene precusor in organic reactions.
Reactions of Copper‐Free Hemocyanin from Taiwan Snails with Metal Salts
Authors: Wang S. M. , Chen M. N. , Tsay J. M. , Chung C. S. , Li N. C.
Published: June 2015

Copper‐free hemocyanin (apohemocyanin, apoHc) from Taiwan snails was prepared by cyanide treatment and the reconstitution of hemocyanin was carried out by treating apoHc with Cu(CH3CN)4ClO4. At pH below 5, the apoHc solution is cloudy. When reconstituted at pH near 6, the ratio of absorbances, A345/ a280, has the normal value 0.21, and rapidly decreases with increase in pH. This indicates that reconstitution is best carried out near pH 6. Addition of fluoride at pH 5.3 and cyanide at pH 5.7 causes a relatively rapid drop in absorbance at 345 nm, a primary reaction followed by a slower secondary process. Comparison of the reactions of native and reconstituted hemocyanins with oxygen, fluoride, and cyanide shows that the reconstitution has been successful. Cadmium and manganese derivatives of hemocyanin have been prepared. The order of affinity of metals to the active site of hemocyanin is: Cu>Mn>Cd.
The Synthesis of Alanine Oligopeptides
Authors: Lin D. H. , Tseng Y. S. , Chien S. T. , Wang K. T.
Published: June 2015

The oligopeptides of alanine (penta‐, deca‐, and pentadeca‐) were synthesized by solid phase method and new peptide‐resin cleaving reagent TFA‐BBr3 was used to cleave the peptides from resin‐support. Penta‐alanine was also synthesized by liquid phase for the comparision and FAB‐Mass method was used to determine the molecular weight of penta‐alanine. HPLC separation of these new oligopeptides were described.
The Photochemistry of Acetone: The Primary Decomposition of Acetone and Biacetyl Yields
Authors: Ho W.J. , Niou B.J. , Chang S.M. , Ho Shih Yeng
Published: June 2015

In the photolysis of acetone at 265nm at 27°C the quantum yield of biacetyl has been determined to be 0.34 and the primary decomposition yield is evaluated to be about 0.68. The fraction of triplet acetone decomposed into methyl and acetyl radicals is estimated to be 0.14 at 313nm. The acetyl radicals undergo reaction to form biacetyl 50 times faster than decomposition to methyl radicals and carbon monoxide.
Amperometric Determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by Flow Injection Analysis
Authors: Hwang J.M. , Chen Y.M.
Published: June 2015

Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) can be attained by flow injection analysis with amperometric detection. Cr(VI) is reduced in an acidic medium to Cr(III) with a glassy carbon electrode at —0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl and the current is recorded. Cr(III) is oxidised on‐line to Cr(VI) with alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution. From the difference of the total chromium and Cr(VI), the amount of Cr(III) was obtained. A linear calibration curve for Cr(VI) was obtained for the concentration ranges 0.01‐5.0ppm of Cr(VI) and we have calculated the limit of determination to be about 0.5ppb. We have studied the degree of reproducibility obtained using the solid electrodes under various conditions. The influence of flow rate, coil length, interfenences and the extent of reaction were studied.