bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning models for prediction of postoperative ileus in patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Li Xueyan , Ma Genshan , Qian Xiaobo , Wu Yamou , Huang Xiaochen , Gu Chengyong
Published: April 2020

Background: We aimed to assess the performance of machine learning algorithms for the prediction of risk factors of postoperative ileus (POI) in patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery for malignant lesions. Methods: We conducted analyses in a retrospective observational study with a total of 637 patients at Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Four machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting decision tree) were considered to predict risk factors of POI. The total cases were randomly divided into training and testing data sets, with a ratio of 8:2. The performance of each model was evaluated by area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), precision, recall and F1-score. Results: The morbidity of POI in this study was 19.15% (122/637). Gradient boosting decision tree reached the highest AUC (0.76) and was the best model for POI risk prediction. In addition, the results of the importance matrix of gradient boosting decision tree showed that the five most important variables were time to first passage of flatus, opioids during POD3, duration of surgery, height and weight. Conclusions: The gradient boosting decision tree was the optimal model to predict the risk of POI in patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery for malignant lesions. And the results of our study could be useful for clinical guidelines in POI risk prediction.
Motivations and expectations driving community participation in entomological research projects: Target Malaria as a case study in Bana, Western Burkina Faso
Authors: Barry Nourou , Toé Patrice , Pare/Toe Lea , Lezaun Javier , Drabo Mouhamed , Dabiré Roch , Diabate Abdoulaye
Published: April 2020

Background Most field entomology research projects require active participation by local community members. Since 2012, Target Malaria, a not-for-profit research consortium, has been working with residents in the village of Bana, in Western Burkina Faso, in various studies involving mosquito collections, releases and recaptures. The long-term goal of this work is to develop innovative solutions to combat malaria in Africa with the help of mosquito modification technologies. Since the start of the project, members of local communities have played an important role in research activities, yet the motivations and expectations that drive their participation remain under-investigated. This study aims to examine the factors that motivate some members of the local community to contribute to the implementation of Target Malaria’s activities in the village of Bana, and, more broadly, to explore the motivations animating citizen participation in entomological research work. Methods A qualitative approach was used to examine the factors motivating the local community to assist in the implementation of Target Malaria’s entomological research activities in Bana. 85 individual in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted, followed by three focus groups, one with youths who had participated in mosquito collections, and two with adult men and women from the village. All data collected were fully transcribed, processed, and submitted for thematic content analysis. Results Data showed that the willingness of local community members to participate in entomological research activities was informed by a wide range of motivational factors. Although interviewees expressed their motivations under different semantic registers, the data showed a degree of consistency around five categories of motivation: (a) enhance protection from mosquitoes and malaria, (b) contribute to a future world free of the disease, (c) acquire knowledge and skills, (d) earn financial compensation, and (e) gain social prestige for the village. Conclusion These varying motivations reflected fundamentally different personal and collective perceptions about the participation process. Beyond the specific circumstances of this case, our study highlights the importance of understanding the varied, context-specific reasons driving collective participation in entomological research and vector control activities.
The impact of parents' health behaviours on their preferences regarding vaccinations in Bialystok, Poland
Authors: Kraśnicka Jolanta , Krajewska-Kułak Elżbieta , Klimaszewska Krystyna , Cybulski Mateusz , Guzowski Andrzej , Lewko Jolanta , Łukaszuk Cecylia , Kowalczuk Krystyna , Doroszkiewicz Halina , Baranowska Anna , Krajewska-Ferishah Katarzyna , Rolka Hanna , Kulak Wojciech
Published: April 2020

Background

Currently, as the number of vaccinated children in Poland and throughout Europe is decreasing. Many factors impact on the rate vaccination and parents’ health behaviours may affect the frequency of vaccinations.. The aim of the study was to assess the association of parents’ health behaviors with children’s vaccinations.

Methods

The study was carried out using a diagnostic survey method with an original questionnaire and the Inventory of Health Behaviours. Three hundred parents were recruited from the Pro Medica Family Medica Center in Bialystok Poland.

Results

Only 3.7% of respondents did not vaccinate their children. The level of health behaviours was average in 42.3% of the respondents, low in 33%, and high in 24.7%. Significant differences in health behaviours, mainly the level of normal eating habits (p = 0.038) and positive mental attitude (p = 0.022), were found in relation to views on the toxicity of vaccines. Participants who reported that vaccines can cause autism engaged in a higher level of prophylactic behaviours. Respondents who vaccinated their children with combined vaccines had a significantly higher level of health practices.

Conclusions

Parents preferred health behaviours did not effect on children vaccination.

Parents who believed in the toxicity of vaccines were more concerned about proper nutrition, had a positive mental attitude, and engaged in a higher level of preventive behaviours and health practices. Parents who did not vaccinate their children had lower levels of normal eating habits. Parents who vaccinated their children with combined vaccines had a higher level of health behaviours, especially in terms of health practices. However, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.
Leukoencephalopathy and cerebral edema as the presenting manifestations of SLE in an ANA-negative adolescent female: A case report and review of literature.
Authors: Theisen Alexandra , Bose Paroma , Knight Christina , Oliver Melissa
Published: April 2020

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with various clinical manifestations involving multiple organ systems. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, thus it is important to recognize and diagnosis the disease entity and treat early. When neuropsychiatric symptoms are involved, typically there are many other systemic features to aid in the diagnosis of SLE. Many autoantibodies have been discovered and are used to help diagnose SLE. The antibody present in most cases of pediatric SLE, as well as in many other rheumatic diseases, is the nonspecific antinuclear antibody (ANA), making it a commonly used screening tool by primary care physicians when evaluating a patient with a possible rheumatic disorder. However, a small subset of SLE patients, 1-5%, present with a negative ANA, and it is important to keep SLE on the differential diagnosis in specific instances when a thorough infectious and neurological workup has been completed and proven to be inconclusive. Case Presentation This case involves a Hispanic adolescent female with a negative ANA who presented with diffuse cerebral edema secondary to leukoencephalopathy due to SLE with central nervous system involvement. She had an extensive workup while inpatient involving metabolism, infectious disease, rheumatology, and neurology prior to obtaining the diagnosis of SLE. She was treated with both cyclophosphamide and rituximab and showed improvement. Conclusions A review of the literature revealed 8 cases with SLE presenting with or developing diffuse cerebral edema and/or leukoencephalopathy. Our patient’s case differs in that she was also ANA negative despite other autoantibody positivity. While she did have low complements and transient leukopenia, she did not present with other signs of organ involvement, which made the diagnosis of SLE with neuropsychiatric involvement quite challenging. We discuss the importance of keeping SLE on the differential despite a negative ANA in complex cases without any other cause and to consider initial screening with not only the ANA but also dsDNA and complements to avoid missed diagnoses.
Genome-wide identification of candidate genes associated with β-glucan trait in a hulled and hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) population
Authors: Zhou Longhua , He Ting , Guo Guimei , Li Jing , Lu Ruiju , Huang Jianhua , Li Yingbo , Liu Chenghong
Published: April 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to author disagreement.
Correlation of giant earthquakes with the lunar phase in seven Indo-Pacific subduction zones and around Mongolia
Authors: Fujii Yoshiaki , Tsuboi Yusuke , Kodama Jun-ichi , Fukuda Daisuke
Published: April 2020

Variation in the approximately semidiurnal tidal force affects earthquake occurrence. This paper statistically demonstrates that giant earthquakes occur at lunar phases specific to particular seismic zones. Careful observation during the lunar cycle, especially when seismicity is occurring, should significantly reduce the damage from giant earthquakes. A case study in which a giant earthquake occurred after seismicity was concentrated within the specific lunar phase is discussed.
The protective effects of liguzinediol on congestive heart failure induced by myocardial infarction and its relative mechanism
Authors: Chen Qi , Zhang Dini , Bi Yunhui , Zhang Weiwei , Zhang Yuhan , Meng Qinghai , Li Yu , Bian Huimin
Published: April 2020

Background : Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular diseases in the world. Currently, the drugs used to treat HF in the clinic may cause serious side effects. Liguzinediol, 2, 5-dimethyl-3, 6-dimethyl-pyrazine, is a compound synthesized after the structural modification of ligustrazine (one active ingredient of Szechwan Lovage Rhizome ). We aimed to observe the effects of liguzinediol on preventing HF and explore the related mechanisms. Methods : The ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery was operated to established the myocardial infarction (MI) model in Sprague–Dawley rats. Cardiac functions were recorded by echocardiography and hemodynamics. The changes in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), inflammation, and oxidative stress were detected by radioimmunoassay and Elisa kits. Western blot and real-time PCR were applied to determine the expressions of the TGF-β1/Smads pathway. Results : Firstly, liguzinediol enhanced the systolic and diastolic functions of the heart in MI rats. Liguzinediol improved ventricular remodeling by reducing myocardial cell necrosis, as well as reducing collagen deposition and myocardial fibrosis. Then, liguzinediol suppressed the activation of RAAS, inhibited the synthesis of pro-inflammation factors, and reduced oxidative stress. In the end, liguzinediol also down-regulated the expressions of the TGF-β1/Smads pathway. Conclusions : Liguzinediol could alleviate HF caused by MI in rats, and the protective effect was associated with the regulation of the TGF-β1/Smads pathway.
Effect of biomarker identification on power analysis for diagnostics research
Authors: Acharjee Animesh , Larkman Joseph , Cardoso Victor Roth , Gkoutos Georgios V.
Published: April 2020

Background Biomarker identification is one of the major and important goal of the functional genomics and translational medicine remits. Large scale –omics data are increasing being accumulated and can provide vital means for the identification of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of complex disease and/or patient/diseases stratification for prospective studies. These tasks are clearly interlinked and it is essential that an unbiased and stable methodology is applied in order to address them. Although, recently, many, primarily machine learning based, biomarker identification approaches have been developed, the exploration of potential associations between biomarker identification and the design of future experiments remains a challenge. Methods In this study, using both simulated and published experimentally derived (real) datasets. We compared the performance of decision based machine learning approach called Random Forest. Four Random forest based feature selection methods namely, Boruta, Permutation based feature selection without correction, Permutation based feature selection with correction, Backward elimination based feature selection. Moreover, we conducted power analysis to estimate the number of samples required for potential future studies using the derived stable from the previous step. Results We presented a number of different RF based stable feature selection methods and compared their performances using simulated as well as published experimentally derived datasets. Across all of the scenarios considered, we found Boruta to be the most stable methodology, whilst Permutation (Raw) offered the largest number of relevant features when allowed to stabilise over a number of iterations. Finally, we developed a web interface (https://joelarkman.shinyapps.io/PowerTools/) to streamline power calculations and aid future study design within a translational medicine context. Conclusions We developed a pipeline to discover biomarkers using RF methods. The web interface, “PowerTools” offers the potential for designing appropriate and cost-effective subsequent future omics study designs.
Head and neck tumors angiogenesis imaging with 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD in comparison to 18F-FDG PET/CT: A pilot study.
Authors: Durante Steve , Dunet Vincent , Gorostidi Fraçois , Mitsakis Periklis , Schaefer Niklaus , Delage Judith , Prior John O.
Published: April 2020

Background : Angiogenesis plays an important role in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) progression. This pilot study was designed to compare the distribution of 68 Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET/CT for imaging α v β 3 integrins involved in tumor angiogenesis to 18 F-FDG PET/CT in patients with HNSCC. Material and methods : Ten patients (aged: 58.4 ± 8.3 years [range: 44–73 years], 6 males, 4 females) with a total of 11 HNSCC were prospectively enrolled. Activity mapping and standard uptake values (SUV) from both 68 Ga -NODAGA-RGD and 18 F-FDG PET/CT scans were recorded for primary tumor and compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The relation between the SUV of both tracers was assessed using the Spearman correlation. Results : All HNSCC tumors were visible with both tracers. Quantitative analysis showed higher 18 F-FDG SUV max in comparison to 68 Ga-NODAGA-RGD (14.0 ± 6.1 versus 3.9 ± 1.1 g/mL, p=0.0017) and SUV mean (8.2 ± 3.1 versus 2.0 ± 0.8 g/mL, p=0.0017). Both 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake were neither correlated with grade, HPV nor p16 protein expression (p≥0.17). Conclusion : All HNSCC tumors were detected with both tracers with higher uptake with 18 F-FDG, however. 68 Ga-NODAGA-RGD has a different spatial distribution than 18 F-FDG bringing different tumor information.
Comparative genomics and pangenome-oriented studies reveal high homogeneity of the agronomically relevant enterobacterial plant pathogen Dickeya solani
Authors: Motyka-Pomagruk Agata , Zoledowska Sabina , Misztak Agnieszka Emilia , Sledz Wojciech , Mengoni Alessio , Lojkowska Ewa
Published: April 2020

Background: Dickeya solani was pointed as a significant trait to potato production in Europe and drew much of scientific attention due to remarkable virulence, great devastating potential and easier spread in contrast to other Dickeya spp. In a view of a high need for extensive studies on economically important soft rot Pectobacteriaceae, we performed a nearly conclusive pangenome analysis on D. solani strains to search for genetic foundations that would explain the differences in the observed virulence levels within the D. solani population.Results: High quality assemblies of 8 de novo sequenced D. solani genomes have been obtained. Whole-sequence comparison, ANIb, ANIm, Tetra and pangenome-oriented analyses performed on these genomes sequences and the sequences of 14 additional strains revealed exceptionally high level of homogeneity among the studied genetic material of D. solani strains. With the use of 22 genomes, the pangenome of D. solani, comprising 84.7% core, 7.2% accessory and 8.1% unique genes, has been almost completely determined, suggesting the presence of a nearly closed pangenome structure. Attribution of the genes included in the D. solani pangenome fractions to functional COG categories revealed that higher percentages of accessory and unique pangenome parts in contrast to the core section are encountered in phage/mobile elements- and transcription- associated groups with the genome of RNS 05.1.2A strain having the most significant impact. Also, the first D. solani large-scale genome-wide phylogeny computed on concatenated core gene alignments is herein reported.Conclusions: The almost closed status of D. solani pangenome achieved in this work points to the fact that the unique gene pool of this species should no longer expand. Such a feature is characteristic for taxa, whose representatives either occupy isolated ecological niches or lack efficient mechanisms for gene exchange and recombination, which seems rational concerning a strictly pathogenic species with clonal spread and population structure. Finally, no obvious correlations between the geographical origin of D. solani strains and their phylogeny was found, which might reflect the specificity of the international seed potato market.
Profiles of criteria and non-criteria anti-phospholipid autoantibodies are associated with clinical phenotypes of the antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Levin Nancy Agmon , Volkov Ilan , Seguro Luciana , Leon Elaine P. , Kovács László , Roggenbuck Dirk , Schierack Peter , Gilburd Boris , Doria Andrea , Tektonidou Maria G. , Agmon-Levin Nancy
Published: April 2020

Background: Specific anti-phospholipids antibodies (aPLs) are used as classification criteria of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). These aPLs, although essential for diagnosis, do not predict disease phenotypes, which may require specific therapies. Non-criteria aPLs are rarely evaluated and their role is yet to be defined. In the current study, we aimed to examine the association between criteria and non-criteria aPLs and APS phenotypes.Methods: Serum samples from 188 subjects, 130 APS patients and 58 controls were analyzed for the presence of 20 aPLs (IgG and IgM isotypes to cardiolipin(CL), beta2-glycoprotein1(β2GP1), phosphatidic acid(P-acid), phosphatidylcholine(PC), phosphatidylethanolamine(PE), phosphatidylglycerol(PG), phosphatidylinositol(PI), phosphatidylserine(PS), annexin-5(AN) and prothrombin(PT) using a line immunoassay (GA Generic Assays, Germany). Sero-positivity to the different aPLs/aPLs profiles was correlated to APS phenotypes (i.e. arterial thrombosis, CNS manifestations, venous thrombosis, relapsing disease, obstetric morbidity). Results: In this cohort, arterial thrombosis was associated with accumulative number of ≥7/20 aPLs evaluated (OR 4.1; CI95% 1.9-96, p=0.001) as well as the sole presence of aPT(IgG) (OR 2.3;CI 95% 1.1-5.1, p=0.03). CNS manifestations were linked with a profile of 4 aPLs(IgG): aPT, aPG, aPI and aAN (OR 2.6;CI 95% 1.1-6.3, p=0.03). Symptom-free period of ≥3 years was linked with lower number of aPLs and the presence of aPI(IgG) (OR 3.0;CI 95% 1.08-8.1, p<0.05) or aAN(IgG) (OR 3.4;CI 95% 1.08-10.9, p<0.05). APS related pregnancy morbidity correlated with a profile of 2 aPLs(IgG): aCL and aPS (OR 2.9; CI95% 1.3-6.5, p<0.05) or the sole presence of aAN(IgG) (OR 2.8; CI95% 1.02-8, p=0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we observed an association between specific criteria/non-criteria aPLs or aPLs profiles and clinical phenotypes of APS. Our data suggest that examination of a wider variety of aPLs may allow better characterization of APS.
Comparison of the effectiveness and safety of intravenous and topical regimens of tranexamic acid in complex tibial plateau fracture: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Zhimeng , Lu Yao , Wang Qian , Song Leilei , Ma Teng , Ren Cheng , Li Zhong , Yang Jiarui , Zhang Kun , Zhang Bing
Published: April 2020

Background Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in orthopedics. However, no study has investigated TXA in complex tibial plate surgery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to confirm the safety and effectiveness of IV (intravenous) TXA and topical TXA.
Material and methods This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. The control group received an equal amount of placebo (physiological saline solution); the IV group received 1.0 g TXA by intravenous injection before the tourniquet was inflated and before the surgical incision was closed, and the topical group received 3.0 g TXA in 75 mL of physiological saline solution before 5 min prior to the final tourniquet release. Perioperative blood loss, vascular events, wound complications, and adverse reactions were compared for the three groups.The pain functional and quality of life (QoL) assessment based on their corresponding scoring system.
Results Baseline data were comparable for all groups. The IV group showed the best results for total blood loss (TBL) and hidden blood loss (HBL) (424.5 ± 29.4 ml, 219.3 ± 33.4 ml, respectively, all p values < 0.001). The topical group performed excellently with regard to postoperative vascular events, wound complications, and adverse reactions, but there was no statistical significant in the incidence of these between the groups.In addition, the topical group benefited in reducing postoperative pain and better QoL.
Conclusion This study presents the first information to show that both IV TXA and topical TXA are safe and effective for complex tibial plateau fractures. The IV regimen effectively reduced blood loss during the perioperative period, whereas the topical regimen had a better safety profile and QoL.
PD-L1 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Analysis of 3 Different Antibodies
Authors: Guo Lei , Ji Ying , Guo Wei , He Huayu , Song Peng , Xue Xuemin , Qiu Bin , Ying Jianming , Gao Shugeng
Published: April 2020

Background: Several studies have assessed the comparability of various immunohistochemical assays for programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in different kinds of tumours. However, there is a lack of relevant research on the detection efficacy of different PD-L1 clones in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study was performed to compare the PD-L1 expression results of three PD-L1 antibodies to assess their effectiveness.Methods: Three hundred and twenty-four cases of ESCC tissues in our medical institution were used to prepare tissue microarrays (TMAs). TMAs were stained with three validated assays (Ventana’s SP263 and Dako’s 28-8 and 22C3). Then, pathologists scored each tissue according to PD-L1 staining.Results: We found very high concordance when comparing 28-8 with SP263 at both the 1% (95.7%) and 50% (99.1%) cutoffs. Low overall concordance was found between 28-8 and 22C3 at the 1% cutoff (85.5%). Moreover, sensitivities of 91.2% and 87.5% were found for 28-8 compared with SP263 at the 1% and 50% cutoffs, respectively. Sensitivities of only 75.6% and 50% were found for 28-8 compared with 22C3 at the 1% and 50% cutoffs, respectively, which may result in more false negatives.Conclusions: We demonstrate that the PD-L1 SP263 shows high levels of overall agreement with 28-8 and relatively high sensitivity, with a low false negative rate. Thus, SP263 seems to be a reliable assay for PD-L1 testing in ESCC when considering pembrolizumab as immunotherapy.
Serum A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand and MicroRNA-223 are Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications
Authors: Taha Mohamed , Shaker Olfat Gamil , Taha Enas , Taha Noha
Published: April 2020

Background: Current blood-based tests for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have inherent limitations, necessitating the need for additional new biomarkers for its diagnosis and monitoring disease activity and responsiveness to therapy. microRNAs (miRNAs) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are deregulated in RA and were linked to its pathogenesis. This study investigated serum levels of APRIL, miR-223 and miR-155 in RA patients, their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and their correlation with disease activity and clinicopathological data. Methods: 120 Egyptian patients with RA and 30 healthy controls were included. Serum miRNAs and APRIL were assayed by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Results: Serum APRIL and miR-223 were significantly upregulated, while miR-155 was unchanged in RA patients compared to controls. Serum miR-223 discriminated RA patients from controls with AUC=0.83, whereas serum APRIL superiorly distinguished the two groups with AUC=1 (sensitivity and specificity= 100% at cutoff>4.19 ng/ml) by receiver-operating-characteristic analysis. Serum miR-223 was a significant predictor for RA diagnosis in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Serum APRIL was positively correlated with disease activity score (DAS28-CRP). Serum miR-223 expression was positively correlated with serum miR-155, APRIL levels and with the presence of subcutaneous nodules. Serum miR-155 levels were correlated with antinuclear antibody titer in reverse direction. Conclusion: our results suggest serum APRIL and miR-223 could serve as potential biomarkers of RA, with miR-223 is a predictor of RA risk and APRIL is an excellent biomarker for disease activity. Our data could be implicated for accurate and blood-based non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of RA.
Ice accommodation in plant tissues pinpointed by cryo-microscopy in polarised light
Authors: Stegner Matthias , Wagner Johanna , Neuner Gilbert
Published: April 2020

Background Freezing resistant plant organs are capable to manage ice formation, ice propagation, and ice accommodation down to variable temperature limits without damage. Insights in ice management strategies are essential for the fundamental understanding of plant freezing and frost survival. However, knowledge about ice management is scarce. Ice crystal localization inside plant tissues is challenging and is mainly based on optical appearance of ice in terms of colour and shape, investigated by microscopic methods. Notwithstanding, there are major uncertainties regarding the reliability and accuracy of ice identification and localisation. Surface light reflections, which can originate from water or resin, even at non-freezing temperatures, can have a similar appearance as ice. We applied the principle of birefringence, which is a property of ice but not of liquid water, in reflected-light microscopy to localise ice crystals in frozen plant tissues in an unambiguous manner.Results In reflected-light microscopy, water was clearly visible, while ice was more difficult to identify. With the presented polarised cryo-microscopic system, water, including surface light reflections, became invisible, whereas ice crystals showed a bright and shiny appearance. Based on this, we were able to detect loci where ice crystals are accommodated in frozen and viable plant tissues. In Buxus sempervirens leaves, large ice needles occupied and expanded the space between the adaxial and abaxial leaf tissues. In Galanthus nivalis leaves, air-filled cavities became filled up with ice. Buds of Picea abies managed ice in a cavity at the bud basis and between bud scales. By observing the shape and attachment point of the ice crystals, it was possible to identify tissue fractions that segregate intracellular water towards the growing ice crystals.Conclusion Cryo-microscopy in reflected-polarised-light allowed a robust identification of ice crystals in frozen plant tissue. It distinguishes itself, compared with other methods, by its ease of ice identification, time and cost efficiency and the possibility for high throughput. Profound knowledge about ice management strategies, within the whole range of freezing resistance capacities in the plant kingdom, might be the link to applied science for creating arrangements to avoid future frost damage to crops.
LncRNA SNHG10 is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and predicts poor survival
Authors: Liang Meng , Wang Linlin , Cao Chuanhua , Song Shimao , Wu Feng
Published: April 2020

LncRNA SNHG10 has been characterized as an oncogenic lncRNA in liver cancer. By analyzing TCGA dataset we observed the downregulation of SNHG10 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), indicating its involvement in this disease. We then analyzed the role of SNHG10 in NSCLC.Tumor and paired non-tumor tissues were harvested from 62 NSCLC patients. Expression of SNHG10 and miR-21 in tissues was determined by RT-qPCR. Overexpression of SNHG10 or miR-21 in NSCLC cells was achieved and the interaction between them was analyzed. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay.In this study we found that SNHG10 is downregulated in cancer tissues of NSCLC patients included in this study. High expression level of SNHG10 predicted favorable survival of NSCLC patients. Levels of miR-21 expression were increased in NSCLC and inversely correlated with SNHG10. In NSCLC cells, SNHG10 overexpression led to increased miR-21 gene methylation and decreased miR-21 expression level. In cell proliferation assay, SNHG10 overexpression attenuated the enhancing effect of miR-21 overexpression on cell proliferation. SNHG10 is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and predicts poor survival. It may downregulated miR-21 through methylation to suppress cancer cell proliferation.
Predictive Value of Interim 18F-FDG-PET in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Definitive Radiation Therapy
Authors: Kim Nalee , Kim Jin Sung , Lee Chang Geol
Published: April 2020

Background We evaluated that early metabolic response determined by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) during radiotherapy (RT), predicts outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Twenty-eight patients evaluated using pretreatment 18 F-FDG-PET/CT (PET pre ) and interim 18 F-FDG-PET/CT (PET interim ) after 11 fractions of RT were retrospectively reviewed. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ) was calculated for primary lesion. Predictive value of gross tumor volume (△GTV) and SUV max (△SUV max ) changes was evaluated for locoregional control (LRC), distant failure (DF), and overall survival (OS). Metabolic responders were patients with △SUV max >40%. Results Metabolic responders showed better trends in 1-year LRC (90.9%) than non-responders (47.1%) (p=0.086). Patients with large GTV pre (≥120 cc) demonstrated poor LRC (hazard ratio 4.14, p = 0.022), while metabolic non-responders with small GTV pre (<120 cc) and metabolic responders with large GTV pre both had 1-year LRC rates of 75.0%. Reduction of 25% in GTV was not associated with LRC; however, metabolic responders without a GTV response showed better 1-year LRC (83.3%) than metabolic non-responders with a reduction in GTV (42.9%). Metabolic responders showed lower 1-year DF (16.7%) than non-responders (50.0%) (p=0.025). An ΔSUV max threshold of 40% yielded accuracy of 64% for predicting LRC, 75% for DF, and 54% for OS. However, ΔGTV > 25% demonstrated inferior diagnostic values than metabolic response. Conclusions Changes in tumor metabolism diagnosed using PET interim during RT better predicted treatment responses, recurrences, and prognosis than other factors historically used.
Needs Assessment of Community Health Workers to enhance efficient delivery of their services for Community Case Management of Malaria in Kenya
Authors: Boakye Michelle Danny Stampley , Owek Collins J. , Oluoch Elizabeth , Atakora Sefa Bonsu , Wachira Juddy , Afrane Yaw A.
Published: April 2020

Background Malaria continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Community Case Management of malaria (CCMm) through engaging Community Health Workers (CHWs) to effectively address management of malaria cases in some endemic communities was explored in this study. We assessed the needs of CHWs that would help sustain and retain their services to enhance the efficient delivery of CCMm.Methods Data on the needs of CHWs was gathered through a qualitative cross-sectional study consisting of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted among study participants in five districts in western Kenya using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study participants comprised of 100 CHWs, 100 mothers of children under five years and 25 key informants made up of public health officers and clinicians involved in the CCMm. The interviews were conducted in English and Swahili or Dholuo, the local language. The recorded audio interviews were transcribed later. The analysis was done using NVivo version 7 software and transcripts were coded after which themes related to the objectives of the study were identified.Results All the study participants recognized the need to train and update CHWs on their work as well as remunerating them for their services to enhance efficient delivery of services. The CHWs on their part perceived the provision of gloves, RDTs, lancets, cotton wool and ethanol, bins (to dispose of RDTs and lancets), together with drugs for treating clients as their essential needs to undertake CCMm in the communities. Other logistical needs and incentives mentioned by CHWs and key informants for the successful delivery of CCMm included: gumboots, raincoats, torch lights, mobile phones, means of transportation (bicycles and motorbikes), uniforms and ID cards for identification.Conclusion CHWs would perform tasks better and their services retained for a sustainable CCMm if properly incentivized, offered refresher trainings (and updates) on malaria and equipped with the requisite tools identified in this study.
Postseismic Deformation Following the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake Detected by ALOS-2/PALSAR-2
Authors: Hashimoto Manabu
Published: April 2020

We have been conducting study of postseismic deformation following the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake using ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 acquired till 2018. We apply ionospheric correction to interferograms of ALOS-2/PALSAR-2. L-band SAR gives us high coherence enough to reveal surface deformation even in vegetated or mountainous area for pairs of images acquired more than 2 years. Ionospheric disturbances are seen both in the ascending and descending images, but spatial characteristics may be different each other. Postseismic deoformation following the Kumamoto earthquake is much larger than those observed after recent inland earthquakes in Japan with GPS, which exceeds 10 cm during two years at some spots in and around Kumamoto city and Aso caldera. There are sharp changes across several coseismic surface ruptures such as Futagawa, Hinagu and Idenokuchi faults. Time constant of postseismic decay ranges from 1 month to 600 days at selected points, but that LOS changes during the first epochs or two are dominant. This result suggests multiple source of postseismic deformation. LOS changes around the Hinagu and Suinzenji faults that appeared during the mainshock in Kumamoto City may be explained with right lateral afterslip on these faults. LOS changes around the Hinagu and Idenokuchi faults cannot be explained with right-lateral afterslip, which requires another unknown source. Deformation in northern part of Aso caldera may be the result of right lateral afterslip on unknown fault.
Qualitative, longitudinal exploration of coping strategies and factors facilitating infant and young child feeding practices among mothers in rural Rwanda
Authors: Ahishakiye Jeanine , Vaandrager Lenneke , Brouwer Inge D. , Koelen Maria
Published: April 2020

Purpose Mothers in low income countries face many challenges to appropriately (breast) feed their children in the first year such as poverty, food insecurity and high workloads. However, even in the lowest income families there are mothers who strive and succeed to feed their children according to the recommendations. In this paper, we explored the coping strategies that facilitate appropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices among rural Rwandan mothers from birth to one year of a child’s life.Methods Mothers (n=17) who followed the recommended infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices were selected from a larger sample of 36 mothers. Mothers of the total group were interviewed within the first week, at four, six, nine and twelve months postpartum. In the analysis, coping strategies and factors facilitating coping were extracted.Results Coping strategies included mothers’ effort to strengthen their diet to improve breastmilk production, balancing work and child feeding, prioritizing childcare, preparing child’s food in advance active uptake of the recommendations and persistence in overcoming barriers. Personal and social factors facilitated these coping strategies of the mothers.ConclusionIn challenging contextual conditions, mothers manage to follow the recommended breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices through the interplay of active coping strategies, feeling to be in control and social support.
Upregulation of S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A9 levels in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Lee Jong-Uk , Park Jong-Sook , Kim Myung-Shin , Park Jai-Seong , Go Eun-Suk , Chang Hun Soo , Park Choon-Sik
Published: April 2020

Background: Neutrophilic inflammation is a predominant characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A9 (S100A9) is a neutrophil-derived protein and is involved in the development of neutrophil-related chronic inflammatory disorders. However, the role of S100A9 in IPF has not been evaluated.Methods : S100A9 concentrations were measured by ELISA in the BAL fluid obtained from NCs (n = 33) and patients with IPF (n = 87), NSIP (n = 22), HP (n = 19), or sarcoidosis (n = 10).Results: The S100A9 levels in BALF were significantly higher in patients with IPF than in those with NC (0.4 [0.18–0.9] vs. 0 [0–0.5] ng/mL, p < 0.001), HP (0.19 [0.07–0.33] ng/mL, p = 0.043), or sarcoidosis (0.06 [0–0.11] ng/mL, p < 0.001) patients. A S100A9 level of 0.093 ng/mL had discriminating powers of 78.79% for specificity and 81.61% for sensitivity between IPF patients and NCs. S100A9 levels were also correlated with neutrophil numbers (r = 0.356, p = 0.0007) and S100A9 was expressed on neutrophils and macrophages in the BALF of IPF patients. Patients with S100A9 levels above 0.5535 ng/mL or a neutrophil percentage above 49.09% (n = 43) had significantly lower survival rates than those with S100A9 levels at or below 0.5535 ng/mL and a neutrophil percentage at or below 49.09% (n = 41) (HR, 9.28; p = 0.0004).Conclusion: S100A9 may participate in the development and progression of IPF. The levels of S100A9 in BALF may be a surrogate marker for diagnosing IPF and predicting its prognosis.
Methylome and transcriptome analyses of yaks of different ages revealed that DNA methylation and transcription factor ZGPAT co-regulate milk production
Authors: Xin Jinwei , Chai Zhixin , Zhang Chengfu , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Yong , Cao Hanwen , Cidan Yangji , Chen Xiaoying , Jiang Hui , Zhong Jincheng , Ji Qiumei
Published: April 2020

Background Domestic yaks play an indispensable role in sustaining the livelihood of Tibetans and other ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), by providing milk and meat, and have evolved numerous physiological adaptabilities to high-altitude landscape, such as strong capacity of blood oxygen transportation and high metabolism. The molecular mechanisms underlying milk production and adaptation to high altitudes of yak need further exploration. Results We performed genome-wide DNA methylome and transcriptome analyses of breast, lungs, and gluteal muscle from yaks of different ages. We identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) across age groups within the each tissue, and breast tissue had considerably more differential methylation than that from the three younger age groups. Hypomethylated genes with high expression level might regulate milk production by influencing protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Weighted gene correlation network analysis revealed that the “hub” gene ZGPAT was highly expressed in adult breast tissue and that it potentially regulated the transcription of 280 genes, which play roles in regulating protein synthesis, processing, and secretion. Besides, Tissue network analysis indicates that high expression of HIF1A regulates energy metabolism in the lung. Conclusions The results of this comprehensive study provide a solid basis for understanding the epigenetic mechanisms underlying milk production in yaks, which could be helpful to breeding programs aimed at improving milk production.
Using Genomic Resources for Linkage Analysis in Peromyscus with an Application for Characterizing Dominant Spot
Authors: Shang Zhenhua , Horovitz David J , McKenzie Ronald H , Keisler Jessica L , Felder Michael R , Davis Shannon William
Published: April 2020

Background: Peromyscus are the most common mammalian species in North America and are widely used in both laboratory and field studies. The deer mouse, P. maniculatus and the old-field mouse, P. polionotus, are closely related and can generate viable and fertile hybrid offspring. The ability to generate hybrid offspring, coupled with developing genomic resources, enables researchers to conduct linkage analysis studies to identify genomic loci associated with specific traits. Results: We used available genomic data to identify DNA polymorphisms between P. maniculatus and P. polionotus and used the polymorphic data to identify the range of genetic complexity that underlies physiological and behavioral differences between the species, including cholesterol metabolism and genes associated with autism. In addition, we used the polymorphic data to conduct a candidate gene linkage analysis for the Dominant spot trait and determined that Dominant spot is linked to a region of chromosome 20 that contains a strong candidate gene, Sox10. During the linkage analysis, we found that the spot size varied quantitively in affected Peromyscus based on genetic background. Conclusions: The expanding genomic resources for Peromyscus facilitate their use in linkage analysis studies, enabling the identification of loci associated with specific traits. More specifically, we have linked a coat color spotting phenotype, Dominant spot, with Sox10, a member the neural crest gene regulatory network, and that there are likely two genetic modifiers that interact with Dominant spot. These results establish Peromyscus as a model system for identifying new alleles of the neural crest gene regulatory network.
Abdominal Aortic Calcification Score as a Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: ma dahua , Yan Hao , Yang Xiaoxiao , Yu Zanzhe , Ni Zhaohui , Fang Wei
Published: April 2020

Background : Abbominal aortic calcification assessed by X-ray is recommended to evaluate vascular calcification in dialysis patients. It has been shown that abdominal aortic calcification score (AACS) is a predictor of adverse outcomes in hemodialysis patients, but evidence regarding its prognostic value in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is still insufficient. We aimed to examine the predictive role of AACS for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and mortality in PD patients. Methods : Eligible patients undergoing PD between July 2011 and July 2014 were recruited. AACS was quantified using lateral lumbar radiography. Patients were prospectively followed up until death, PD cessation, or to the end of the study (August 31, 2018). Both subdistribution hazards and cause-specific hazards models were used to evaluate the association between AACS and MACCE as well as mortality. Results: 292 patients were enrolled, including 160 males (54.8%) with mean age 57.1±15.2 years and median PD duration 28.4 (IQR 12.0, 57.8) months. Among them, 75 (25.7%) patients were comorbid with diabetes, and 94 (32.2%) patients had cardiovascular disease (CVD). The average AACS was 2.0 (0.0, 6.0). Patients were categorized on the tertiles of AACS (Low AACS group, AACS=0, n=125; Medium AACS group, AACS 1-4, n=72; and High AACS group, AACS>4, n=95). AACS was associated with age (OR=1.081, P < 0.001), PD duration (OR=1.012, P=0.003), CVD (OR =1.919, P=0.020) and diabetes (OR=2.554, P=0.002). During the follow-up period of 43.6 (24.6, 50.7) months, there were 65 MACCEs and 84 deaths. Significantly higher cumulative incidences of all-cause mortality (Log-rank = 35.992, P<0.001; Gray=38.662, P < 0.001 ) and MACCE (Log-rank=26.146, P<0.001; Gray=27.810, P < 0.001 ) were observed in the upper AACS tertile. AACS was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (HR=2.438, 95% CI 1.246-4.772, P = 0.009 ; SHR=2.323, 95%CI 1.229-4.389, P=0.009 ) and MACCE (HR = 3.455, 95% CI 1.734-6.884, P <0.001; SHR=3.063, 95%CI 1.460-6.430, P=0.003 ). Conclusions: AACS was associated with age, PD duration, CVD and diabetes in PD patients. AACS could predict MACCE and all-cause mortality in this population. It might be a safe and feasible method to identify PD patients with adverse outcomes.
Horticulture Industry Adoption of Biodegradable Containers
Authors: Harris Bethany A. , Florkowski Wojciech J. , Pennisi Svoboda V.
Published: April 2020

Biodegradable containers of various types are available on the market and can be directly purchased by growers and homeowners. However, adoption of these containers has been slow, limiting their potential as an alternative to plastic containers. It is crucial to assess level of knowledge and use of biodegradable containers by horticultural growers and landscape service providers to help explain their slow rate of adoption by the industry. An online survey instrument was implemented to assess grower and landscaper knowledge and familiarity regarding biodegradable containers in the state of Georgia. Results indicated that 83% of horticultural growers do not purchase biodegradable containers. However, peat biodegradable containers were primarily purchased when these containers were used. Both growers and landscape service providers “neither agreed nor disagreed” that the use of biodegradable containers could improve plant growth. Growers “did not know” if using biodegradable containers “improved water efficiency.” Landscape service providers exhibited low knowledge of the wide variety of biodegradable containers available on the market as well as limited awareness of features of such containers as they pertained to plant growth.