bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Risks of Being a Wallflower: Exploring Links Between Introversion, Aspects of Solitude, and Indices of Well-Being in Adolescence
Authors: Stone Anna , DeGroot Megan , McVarnock Alicia , Cheng Tiffany , Bowker Julie C. , Coplan Robert J.
Published: January 2025

The aim of the current study was to examine the unique relations between introversion and indices of well-being while accounting for aspects of solitude (i.e., time spent alone, shyness, affinity for solitude, and negative thinking while alone). Participants were n = 1036 adolescents (15–19 years of age, M = 16.19 years, SD = 0.58; 67% girls) who completed a series of self-report measures assessing introversion, time spent alone, negative thinking while alone, motivations for solitude (shyness, affinity for solitude), and indices of well-being (i.e., loneliness, positive/negative affect, general well-being). Overall, results from correlational analyses indicated that introversion was associated with poorer functioning across all indices of well-being. However, when controlling for aspects of solitude, results from hierarchical regression analyses indicated a complex set of associations that varied across indices of well-being. Introversion remained associated significantly and negatively with well-being and positive affect, was no longer related significantly to loneliness, and became related significantly and negatively to negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of how personality characteristics and aspects of solitude can impact the well-being of adolescents.
A Novel Solar Rooftop Agriculture System Integrated with CNT Nanofluid Spectral Splitter for Efficient Food Production
Authors: Wei Wei , Luo Jiayi , Shi Yiyu , Yu Chenlei , Li Niansi , Ji Jie , Yu Bendong
Published: January 2025

Traditional rooftop greenhouses offer a promising solution for urban vegetable supply but have the disadvantages of overheating during the daytime and supercooling during the nighttime. To address these issues, a novel solar greenhouse system using nanofluid spectral splitting and phase change materials (NSS-PCMs) was developed. In this study, a 75-day thermal environment test experiment was conducted on the novel solar greenhouse, and the growth status and nutrient composition of three typical plants were evaluated. By optimizing the greenhouse structure parameters through the model, over 80% of 300–800 nm wavelengths for vegetable photosynthesis were transmitted to the greenhouse, while the remaining spectrum was used for heat storage to maintain warmth during nighttime. The novel solar greenhouse reduced daytime temperatures by 5.2 °C and increased nighttime temperatures by 6.9 °C, reaching a maximum thermal efficiency of 53.4% compared to traditional greenhouses. The 75-day temperature detection showed that optimal temperature ranges were maintained for approximately 60 days, both during daytime and nighttime, with an 80% assurance rate. The growth rates of three vegetables in the novel solar greenhouse improved by 55%, 35%, and 40%, and the nutrient composition doubled compared to the control group.
Research Progress on the Corrosion Mechanism and Protection Monitoring of Metal in Power Equipment
Authors: Sun Kuoteng , Zhong Wancai , Huang Songqiang , He Xuemin , Cai Weichen , Ma Rong , Jiang Tao , You Shuxin , Wang Lianbo , Li Wenge
Published: January 2025

The stability and reliability of power supply are crucial for driving economic growth and ensuring sustainable development. Among the factors threatening engineering equipment safety, metal corrosion is particularly significant, with iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and their alloys being the most vulnerable to degradation. This review provides a systematic overview of the corrosion mechanisms, protection strategies, and monitoring technologies for Fe and Al metals and their alloys. The discussion begins with an analysis of the primary corrosion forms affecting these materials, emphasizing the role of environmental and material-specific factors. Advances in corrosion protection methods, including surface treatments, protective coatings, and the utilization of corrosion products to enhance material durability, are examined in detail. Furthermore, the application of real-time and unmanned platform technologies for corrosion monitoring is highlighted, with a focus on their potential to improve monitoring efficiency, accuracy, and safety evaluations. These technologies provide robust data and technical support for the development of targeted corrosion-resistant solutions. This review aims to offer insights into the current challenges and future directions in the study of Fe and Al corrosion resistance, serving as a reference for both researchers and practitioners in the field of engineering.
Microstructure and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Cold-Sprayed CoNiCrAlY Coatings Deposited by Different Propellent Gases
Authors: Sun Xundong , Yun Haitao , Sun Wen , Xie Yingchun , Huang Jibo , Zheng Zhigang
Published: January 2025

CoNiCrAlY coatings are widely used as typical high-temperature materials to enhance the surface performances of nickel-based superalloy materials, which can be used as bond coats in thermal barrier coatings and abradable seal coatings. In this study, high-pressure cold spray technology was used to deposit CoNiCrAlY coatings on nickel-based superalloy substrates. The microstructure characteristics and oxidation behaviors of CoNiCrAlY coatings prepared by different gas types and cold spray parameters were systematically investigated. EBSD analysis showed that the deformation of the helium coating was more distinct, and the grain size of the coating fabricated by helium was smaller than that by nitrogen as seen from the grain morphology. The high-temperature oxidation results showed that the coating oxide film thickness varied parabolically with time for both coatings after 500 h isothermal oxidation at 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C, and the oxidation rate of the coating after heat treatment was lower than that of the as-sprayed coating. In addition, the shrinkage of the aluminum reservoir inside the coating, the element diffusion rate, and the amount and type of oxide generation on the surface all affected the oxidation process. Additionally, the helium coating had a lower oxidation growth rate and better oxidation resistance. Therefore, cold spray can be an alternative way to fabricate high-quality CoNiCrAlY coatings.
Grain Growth Behavior of Alumina in Zirconia-Toughened Alumina (ZTA) Ceramics During Pressureless Sintering
Authors: Zhao Yi , Deng Jiang , Li Wen , Liu Jianhong , Yuan Wenjie
Published: January 2025

The primary grain size, sintering conditions, and admixtures have a significant impact on the grain growth of alumina ceramics. Three kinds of alumina powders with varying grain sizes and zirconia nanoparticles were selected and configured into five compositions of zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics. As-received granules were used to sinter bulk ceramics at temperatures of 1520 °C, 1600 °C, and 1680 °C for durations of 0.5–2 h, respectively. The average grain sizes of alumina in ZTA ceramics were studied as a function of the sintering temperature, time, and particle size of raw materials. The results demonstrated that the addition of nano alumina led to a slight reduction in the grain size of alumina and a more uniform grain size distribution. The incorporation of nano zirconia (15 wt.%) resulted in the concentration of zirconia among the alumina grains, effectively inhibiting grain growth and resulting in a significant reduction in the average grain size of alumina from 11.73 to 5.63 μm after sintering at 1600 °C for 1 h.
Leisure Instruction Content Considered Important by Special Education Teachers for Students with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Maebara Kazuaki , Yamada Yukiya
Published: January 2025

Leisure education has the potential to improve the quality of life and prepare students for social participation after graduation. This study elucidates the perspectives of special education teachers on leisure instruction. The study surveyed 129 teachers from 10 special needs schools for students with intellectual disabilities in Prefecture A, a rural area of Japan. An online survey was conducted from 21 October to 17 November 2023. The survey items were based on 13 aspects of leisure instruction identified from a literature review related to leisure instruction in Japan and a qualitative analysis of interviews with high school teachers in special needs schools for students with intellectual disabilities. The results showed that “The ability to pass time during brief periods of free time”, “Various activity experiences that lead to leisure”, and “Knowing one’s strengths and weaknesses in activities” were significantly more important during school. Conversely, “understanding the psychological importance of leisure”, “connecting with organizations that support leisure activities”, and “finding places to engage in leisure activities” were significantly more important after graduation. The results of this study can be used to identify the gaps in perception between special education teachers and vocational rehabilitation practitioners responsible for post-social participation support.
Change in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate After Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Dashjamts Gantogtokh , Ganzorig Amin-Erdene , Tsedendorj Yumchinsuren , Daramjav Dolgion , Khayankhyarvaa Enkhmend , Ulziitsogt Bolor , Nergui Otgongerel , Dondov Ganchimeg , Badamjav Tegshjargal , Lonjid Tulgaa , Huang Chung-Feng , Liang Po-Cheng , Batsaikhan Batbold , Dai Chia-Yen
Published: January 2025

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection accelerates the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), increasing the risk of kidney failure and end-stage renal disease. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies for HCV infection inhibit viral replication by 95–97%, leading to a sustained virologic response. Our objective was to assess renal function in patients with chronic HCV infection in Taiwan after receiving DAA therapy. Goal: Our study included 4823 patients with HCV infection who were undergoing DAA therapy. Renal function was evaluated by calculating the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). eGFR assessed at the initiation of the treatment, during treatment, and at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years after completion of treatment. The baseline demographic and laboratory parameters of the study participants were evaluated, and the results were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: The average age of the study participants was 61.35 ± 12.50 years, and 54.5% of were male. The mean of eGFR in baseline and after treatment showed a decrease. Liver fibrosis scores (FIB4, APRI, Fibroscan) and liver function tests were significantly improved after DAA treatment (p = 0.001). However, white blood count (5.41 ± 1.7 vs. 5.73 ± 1.9), platelet count (168.04 ± 74.0 vs. 182.11 ± 69.4), and creatinine levels (1.05 ± 1.3 vs. 1.12 ± 1.3) increased after treatment (p = 0.001). The number of patients with an eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 decreased both during and after treatment (p < 0.001). Among patients with CKD, eGFR improved after DAA treatment (n = 690, 35.93 ± 19.7 vs. 38.71 ± 23.8; 95% CI −3.56–1.98; p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that renal function improved in patients with CKD who had an eGFR of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 before DAA treatment (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.37–1.91, p = 0.001). Conclusions: In individuals with CKD and a baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, eGFR level was increased during DAA treatment. This suggests that initiating DAA therapy in HCV-infected patients, even those without clinical manifestations, could be a crucial strategy to prevent further decline in renal function.
Fitting Copulas with Maximal Entropy
Authors: Bubák Milan , Navara Mirko
Published: January 2025

We deal with two-dimensional copulas from the perspective of their differential entropy. We formulate a problem of finding a copula with maximum differential entropy when some copula values are given. As expected, the solution is a copula with a piecewise constant density (a checkerboard copula). This allows us to simplify the optimization of the continuous objective function, the differential entropy, to an optimization of finitely many density values. We present several ideas to simplify this problem. It has a feasible numerical solution. We also present several instances that admit closed-form solutions.
Research on Intelligent Grading of Physics Problems Based on Large Language Models
Authors: Wei Yuhao , Zhang Rui , Zhang Jianwei , Qi Dizhi , Cui Wenqian
Published: January 2025

The automation of educational and instructional assessment plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of teaching management. In physics education, calculation problems with intricate problem-solving ideas pose challenges to the intelligent grading of tests. This study explores the automatic grading of physics problems through a combination of large language models and prompt engineering. By comparing the performance of four prompt strategies (one-shot, few-shot, chain of thought, tree of thought) within two large model frameworks, namely ERNIEBot-4-turbo and GPT-4o. This study finds that the tree of thought prompt can better assess calculation problems with complex ideas (N = 100, ACC ≥ 0.9, kappa > 0.8) and reduce the performance gap between different models. This research provides valuable insights for the automation of assessments in physics education.
Forecasting Corporate Financial Performance Using Deep Learning with Environmental, Social, and Governance Data
Authors: Hsu Wan-Lu , Lin Ying-Lei , Lai Jung-Pin , Liu Yu-Hui , Pai Ping-Feng
Published: January 2025

In recent years, extensive research has focused on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance. While past studies have explored this connection, they often faced challenges in quantitatively assessing the effectiveness of CSR initiatives. However, advancements in research methodologies and the development of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) measurement dimensions have led to the creation of more robust evaluation criteria. These criteria use ESG scores as primary reference indicators for assessing the effectiveness of CSR activities. This study aims to utilize ESG indicators from the ESG InfoHub website of the Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation (TSEC) as benchmarks, comprising 15 items from the environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) dimensions to form the CSR effectiveness indicators and predict financial performance. The data cover the years 2021–2022 for listed companies, using return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) as measures of financial performance. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence in recent years, the applications of machine learning and deep learning (DL) have proliferated across many fields. However, the use of machine learning to analyze ESG data remains rare. Therefore, this study employs machine learning models to predict financial performance based on ESG performance, utilizing both classification and regression approaches. Numerical results indicate that two deep learning models, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), outperform other models in regression and classification tasks, respectively. Consequently, deep learning techniques prove to be feasible, effective, and efficient alternatives for predicting corporations’ financial performance based on ESG metrics.
A Divide-and-Conquer Strategy for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning
Authors: Wang Bingxin , Yu Dehong
Published: January 2025

Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning (CD-FSL) aims to empower machines with the capability to rapidly acquire new concepts across domains using an extremely limited number of training samples from the target domain. This ability hinges on the model’s capacity to extract and transfer generalizable knowledge from a source training set. Studies have indicated that the similarity between source and target-data distributions, as well as the difficulty of target tasks, determine the classification performance of the model. However, the current lack of quantitative metrics hampers researchers’ ability to devise appropriate learning strategies, leading to a fragmented understanding of the field. To address this issue, we propose quantitative metrics of domain distance and target difficulty, which allow us to categorize target tasks into three regions on a two-dimensional plane: near-domain tasks, far-domain low-difficulty tasks, and far-domain high-difficulty tasks. For datasets in different regions, we propose a Divide-and-Conquer Strategy (DCS) to tackle few-shot classification across various target datasets. Empirical results across 15 target datasets demonstrate the compatibility and effectiveness of our approach, improving the model performance. We conclude that the proposed metrics are reliable and the Divide-and-Conquer Strategy is effective, offering valuable insights and serving as a reference for future research on CD-FSL.
Advances in Biological Production of D-Tagatose: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Zhang Hailin , Mao Xinyu , Lu Zhengwu , Gao Cuijuan , Chen Zhiqun , Liu Jingjing
Published: January 2025

D-tagatose is a rare, naturally occurring low-calorie hexose, with a sweetness of 92% sucrose but only 1/3 of the calories. It has beneficial functions in lowering blood sugar, controlling obesity, preventing dental caries, and improving intestinal flora. In recent years, biotechnological routes to D-tagatose production from renewable raw materials have been regarded as very promising approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the properties and applications of D-tagatose, with a focus on the current developments in the production of D-tagatose using enzymatic transformation and whole-cell catalytic synthesis. The biosynthetic pathways and the types and characteristics of the catalytic enzymes involved have been summarized, providing a reference for the design of D-tagatose synthesis pathways. We also expect that rapid developments in the fields of systems biology and synthetic biology will accelerate protein and metabolic engineering for microbial D-tagatose production in the future.
Effects of Maternal Stress on the Development of the Somatotropic Axis During the Larval and Juvenile Stages in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Rodrigues Maira da Silva , Toledo Vinícius Prazeres Barbosa , Nóbrega Rafael Henrique
Published: January 2025

Stress is recognized as an adaptive response to potentially harmful environmental stimuli. The primary physiological adaptation to stress is an increase in circulating cortisol levels, which, in excess, can be transferred and incorporated into the oocytes of maturing females, affecting the embryonic developmental program. Additionally, maternal energy availability is an essential environmental factor that modulates this program. Based on this background, we investigated the effects of maternal cortisol on the development of the somatotropic axis in zebrafish offspring and juveniles. Zebrafish mothers were divided into two groups based on diet: Group 1 received a cortisol-enriched diet, to mimic maternal stress, while Group 2 (control) received a standard diet, for five days. On the third day after treatment, the control and treated females were bred with untreated males. Offspring were assessed at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h post-fertilization (hpf). Morphological analyses were performed during embryonic development, including survival rate, body length, the presence of pericardial edema, and heartbeat. We examined the gene expression of key somatotropic axis components, including mtor, foxo3a, mafbx, murf1, mstna, gh, igf1, igf2a, igf2b, 11hsdb2, and fkbp5. The study demonstrated that cortisol-treated females significantly influenced offspring development, resulting in higher mortality rates and increased morphological abnormalities, particularly pericardial edema. Gene expression analysis revealed alterations in transcripts related to the somatotropic axis, especially genes involved in protein synthesis, with signs of accelerated growth in the first hour post-fertilization. At 30 days post-fertilization, juveniles from cortisol-treated females displayed a marked increase in muscle bundle size and cross-sectional diameter compared to the control group. Our findings provide valuable insights into the intricate interaction between maternal factors and the development of the somatotropic axis in offspring.
Characterization of Key Aroma Compounds of Zhuyeqing by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis, Quantitative Measurements, Aroma Recombination, and Omission Studies
Authors: Wang Lihua , Han Ying , Zhang Xing , Gao Xiaojuan , Xu Yan , Wu Qun , Tang Ke
Published: January 2025

Zhuyeqing is a flavored liquor with a unique flavor blended with Qingxiangxing Baijiu (Fenjiu) and botanical extracts. The aroma characteristics of Zhuyeqing were investigated using a sensomics approach. Ninety-three odorants, among them 64 odorants with flavor dilution (FD) ≥ 32, were confirmed in Zhuyeqing by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O) analysis. Quantitative analysis revealed that 22 odorants with odor activity values (OAVs) ≥ 1. Aroma recombination tests showed that 22 odorants with OAV ≥ 1 can recombine the aroma characteristics of Zhuyeqing; omission tests revealed that ethyl cinnamate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, β-damascenone, and eugenol with OAV ≥ 10 had significant effects on Zhuyeqing.
Influence of Electrostatic Interactions on the Self-Assembly of Charged Peptides
Authors: Sun Xue , Wu Bolan , Li Na , Liu Bo , Li Shijun , Ma Liang , Zhang Hangyu
Published: January 2025

Peptides can be designed to self-assemble into predefined supramolecular nanostructures, which are then employed as biomaterials in a range of applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and vaccination. However, current self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels exhibit inadequate self-healing capacities and necessitate the use of sophisticated printing apparatus, rendering them unsuitable for 3D printing under physiological conditions. Here, we report a precisely designed charged peptide, Z5, with the object of investigating the impact of electrostatic interactions on the self-assembly and the rheological properties of the resulting hydrogels. This peptide displays salt-triggered self-assembly resulting in the formation of a nanofiber network with a high β-sheet content. The peptide self-assembly and the hydrogel properties can be modified according to the ionic environment. It is noteworthy that the Z5 hydrogel in normal saline (NS) shows exceptional self-healing properties, demonstrating the ability to recover its initial strength in seconds after the removal of shear force, thus rendering it an acceptable material for printing. In contrast, the strong salt shielding effect and the ionic cross-linking of Z5 hydrogels in PBS result in the bundling of peptide nanofibers, which impedes the recovery of the initial strength post-destruction. Furthermore, incorporating materials with varied charging properties into Z5 hydrogels can alter the electrostatic interactions among peptide nanofibers, further modulating the rheological properties and the printability of SAP hydrogels.
High-Resolution Flow and Phosphorus Forecasting Using ANN Models, Catering for Extremes in the Case of the River Swale (UK)
Authors: Timis Elisabeta Cristina , Hangan Horia , Cristea Vasile Mircea , Mihaly Norbert Botond , Hutchins Michael George
Published: January 2025

The forecasting of river flows and pollutant concentrations is essential in supporting mitigation measures for anthropogenic and climate change effects on rivers and their environment. This paper addresses two aspects receiving little attention in the literature: high-resolution (sub-daily) data-driven modeling and the prediction of phosphorus compounds. It presents a series of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to forecast flows and the concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP) under a wide range of conditions, including low flows and storm events (0.74 to 484 m3/s). Results show correct forecast along a stretch of the River Swale (UK) with an anticipation of up to 15 h, at resolutions of up to 3 h. The concentration prediction is improved compared to a previous application of an advection–dispersion model.
The Agglomeration of Food Services and Their Colocation with Surrounding Complementary Services in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Wang Yixiao , Wu Xibo , Qin Jian , Zhang Xiaoying , Wang Xiangyu
Published: January 2025

This study explores the spatial distribution of food services and their colocation with surrounding complementary services. It investigates these issues within the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), utilizing point-of-interest (POI) data, spatial kernel density, the HDBSCAN clustering algorithm, and colocation quotients. The findings are as follows: (1) this research reveals a significant spatial agglomeration of food services near the Pearl River, with notable food clusters across administrative boundaries; (2) Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, and Dongguan provide a significant quantity of food services, while Hong Kong and Macao feature the highest percentages of foreign cuisine; (3) the colocation between food services and surrounding services is concentrated along the Pearl River; (4) leisure, education, and residential services are key factors attracting the proximity of food services; (5) leisure, education, retail, and tourism services exhibit the strongest attractiveness to Chinese food, while residential and healthcare services are closely linked to the distribution of snacks, and transportation services attract snacks and beverages.
Overwintering of Thrips (Thysanoptera) Under the Bark of the Plane Tree (Platanus x hispanica Mill. ex Münchh.) in Southeastern Poland
Authors: Kucharczyk Halina , Kucharczyk Marek , Olbrycht Tomasz
Published: January 2025

The insect fauna overwintering under the bark of tree trunks is very rarely studied. Thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with the plane tree (Platanus x hispanica Mill. ex Münchh., syn. Platanus x acerifolia (Aiton) Willd.) have not been studied so far, especially those overwintering on the non-native tree in Poland. The study was carried out in March and April 2014 and 2015 and in February 2016 in 29 localities in southeastern Poland. The study sites were localized in urban and rural parks. Tree bark samples were taken from each trunk at a height of 1–2 m and collected in 4 L plastic bags (approximately 250 cm2). Thrips were sorted from the pieces of plane tree bark in the laboratory and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol; the species were identified on microscopic slides. Fifteen species, nine from the suborder Terebrantia and six from the suborder Tubulifera, were identified. Ten species were dendrophilous, among which all Tubuliferan species were fungivorous. A total of 494 thrips individuals were collected, with 84% representing the suborder Terebrantia. The most abundant thrips species included Dendrothrips degeeri Uzel, Phlaeothrips coriaceus Haliday, Thrips major Uzel, and Dendrothrips ornatus (Jablonowski). D. degeeri, i.e., the most numerous species, was found in the highest number of sites (22), while six species were only found in one site each. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that the species composition was strongly associated with environmental such factors as insolation, the trunk circumference, and the number of trunks where the species overwintered. Our research has shown that the bark of plane trees (Platanus x hispanica) provided a suitable habitat for thrips overwintering.
Transfer Learning with Deep Neural Network Toward the Prediction of the Mass of the Charge in Underwater Explosion Events
Authors: Bardiani Jacopo , Sbarufatti Claudio , Manes Andrea
Published: January 2025

In practical applications, the prediction of the explosive mass of an underwater explosion represents a crucial aspect for defining extreme scenarios and for assessing damage, implementing defensive and security strategies, and ensuring the structural integrity of marine structures. In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) was developed to predict the mass of an underwater explosive charge, by means of the transfer learning technique (TL). Both DNN and TL methods utilized data collected through coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian numerical simulations performed through the suite MSC Dytran. Different positions and masses of the charge, seabed typology, and distance between the structure and seabed have been considered within the dataset. All the features considered as input for the machine learning model are information that the crew is aware of through onboard sensors and instrumentations, making the framework extremely useful in real-world scenarios. TL involves reconfiguring and retraining a new DNN model, starting from a pre-trained network model developed in a past study by the authors, which predicted the spatial position of the explosive. This study serves as a proof of concept that using transfer learning to create a DNN model from a pre-trained network requires less computational effort compared to building and training a model from scratch, especially considering the vast amount of data typically present in real-world scenarios.
Mathematical Modeling of Wave-Induced Pore Pressure Dynamics in Silty Seabeds
Authors: Fu Changjing , Wen Baoer , Lu Ye , Zhao Tianlong
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the dynamic response of seabed pore pressure under wave loading, focusing on silty and layered seabed conditions, with the aim of providing insights into seabed stability and coastal engineering design. A series of wave flume experiments were conducted to explore the spatial and temporal evolution of pore pressure under varying wave parameters, soil permeability conditions, and degrees of sediment stratification. The pore pressure signals were analyzed using Daubechies wavelets to distinguish between oscillatory and cumulative components in homogeneous silty seabeds. For layered seabeds, two distinct response patterns were observed. In shallow layers, pore pressure accumulation occurs gradually, enhancing stability by mitigating dynamic stresses. However, in deeper layers, pore pressure accumulation increased significantly, posing potential risks to structural stability. The experiments revealed that the permeability of the surface soil layer plays a critical role in modulating the amplitude and rate of pore pressure oscillations, as well as the accumulation patterns across depths. Based on the experimental findings, a mathematical model was developed to characterize the spatial–temporal evolution of excess pore pressure, incorporating key parameters related to wave properties, water depth, and soil characteristics. These parameters were fitted using nonlinear optimization techniques. Validation against established experimental and analytical data confirmed the model’s accuracy and capability in describing the complex interactions between wave loading and seabed dynamics. The outcomes of this study provide a theoretical foundation for understanding wave-induced pore pressure responses and offer practical guidance for the design and stability assessment of nearshore structures under dynamic wave conditions.
Thoracic Malignancies: From Prevention and Diagnosis to Late Stages
Authors: Ancel Julien , Bergantini Laura , Mendogni Paolo , Hu Zhiwei
Published: January 2025

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, characterized by its complexity and heterogeneity [...]
Chiral Separation of Mandelic Acid Derivatives Using Various Permethylated Cyclodextrin Selectors Containing Stationary Phases in GC
Authors: Juvancz Zoltan , Bodáne-Kendrovics Rita , Ágoston Csaba , Maklári Dóra , Voller Csanad Csaba , Kaleta Zoltan
Published: January 2025

A good chiral separation usually results in a trial-and-error process; however, through systematic studies, certain principles can be established to correlate structure with chiral selectivity. These principles can then be applied to other chiral separations, reducing the time of developing chiral selective analytical methods. Using the model compounds, the established principles can be applied to a wider range of compounds. In this study, mandelic acid and its substituted derivatives were selected as model compounds to establish transferable rules. The chiral selectivity of 13 compounds was measured on various permethylated cyclodextrin selectors. Comparing the chiral selectivity of permethylated cyclodextrins with different ring sizes (α, β, and γ) provides further insight into the role of inclusion in the chiral selectivity of the cyclodextrin-based stationary phases. Different derivatives of acidic and hydroxyl functions of mandelic acids were tested. Ring- and alkyl-substituted mandelic acid enantiomeric pairs were also tested. By using these compounds, the role of hydrogen donor–acceptor interactions and dipole–dipole interactions and inclusions in chiral recognition processes were investigated. The chiral selectivity values were measured and extrapolated to the same temperature, for the sake of the comparison. Several general tendencies were concluded, which can be used for chiral separation of other enantiomer pairs.
Anti-HIV-1 Effect of the Fluoroquinolone Enoxacin and Modulation of Pro-Viral hsa-miR-132 Processing in CEM-SS Cells
Authors: Schlösser Verena , Lightfoot Helen Louise , Leemann Christine , Bejoy Aathma Merin , Tiwari Shashank , Schloßhauer Jeffrey L. , Vongrad Valentina , Brunschweiger Andreas , Hall Jonathan , Metzner Karin J. , Imig Jochen
Published: January 2025

Background: Despite tremendous advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) against HIV-1 infections, no cure or vaccination is available. Therefore, discovering novel therapeutic strategies remains an urgent need. In that sense, miRNAs and miRNA therapeutics have moved intensively into the focus of recent HIV-1-related investigations. A strong reciprocal interdependence has been demonstrated between HIV-1 infection and changes of the intrinsic cellular miRNA milieu. This interrelationship may direct potential alterations of the host cells’ environment beneficial for the virus or its suppression of replication. Whether this tightly balanced and controlled battle can be exploited therapeutically remains to be further addressed. In this context, the fluoroquinolone antibiotic Enoxacin has been demonstrated as a potent modulator of miRNA processing. Here, we test the hypothesis that this applies also to selected HIV-1-related miRNAs. Methods: We studied the effect of Enoxacin on HIV-1 replication coupled with miRNA qRT-PCR analysis of HIV-1-related miRNAs in CEM-SS and MT-4 T-cells. The effects of miRNA mimic transfections combined with Enoxacin treatment on HIV-1 replication were assessed. Finally, we employed an in vitro DICER1 cleavage assay to study the effects of Enoxacin on a pro-HIV-1 miRNA hsa-miR-132 processing. Results: We established that Enoxacin, but not the structurally similar compound nalidixic acid, exhibits strong anti-HIV-1 effects in the T-cell line CEM-SS, but not MT-4. We provide experimental data that this effect of Enoxacin is partly attributed to the specific downregulation of mature hsa-miR-132-3p, but not other tested pro- or anti-HIV-1 miRNAs, which is likely due to affecting DICER1 processing. Conclusions: Our findings show an anti-retroviral activity of Enoxacin at least in part by downregulation of hsa-miR-132-3p, which may be relevant for future antiviral therapeutic applications by modulation of the RNA interference pathway.
Folate and Vitamin B12 Status in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients
Authors: Zengin Ersoy Gizem , Koç Begüm , Çakı Kılıç Suar
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Vitamin B12 and folic acid (FA) are crucial for children’s hematopoiesis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study evaluates the B12 and FA level changes before and after HSCT. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 125 patients who underwent HSCT between March 2019 and February 2024. B12 and FA levels were measured at three time points: before transplantation, one month after, and six months after. Sixty-two patients had complete data. B12 deficiency was defined as levels < 200 pg/mL and insufficiency as 200–300 pg/mL. Folate deficiency was classified as insufficiency ≤ 3 ng/mL, indeterminate for 4.0–5.8 ng/mL and typical for 5.9–26.8 ng/mL. Patients with B12 < 300 pg/mL and folic acid < 5 ng/mL were treated at all stages. Results: Among the 62 patients, 24 (38.7%) were girls, with a median age of 4 years (1.75–8.25). Median B12 levels were 398 pg/mL (pre-transplant), 892 pg/mL (1 month post), and 430 pg/mL (6 months post). The second time point had significantly higher B12 levels (p < 0.001). Median folate levels were 9.7 ng/mL, 6.95 ng/mL, and 11.3 ng/mL at the respective time points (p < 0.05), with the second time point significantly lower. Conclusions: Pediatric HSCT patients experience increased demands for B12 and FA despite accurate treatment, leading to potential deficiencies. Close monitoring, early supplementation, and supplementing high levels of these micronutrients are essential.
Epidemiological Analysis of Fungal Infection Disease in Pediatric Population: Focus on Hospitalization from 2007 to 2022 in Veneto Region in Italy
Authors: Chiusaroli Lorenzo , Cozzolino Claudia , Cocchio Silvia , Saia Mario , Giaquinto Carlo , Donà Daniele , Baldo Vincenzo
Published: January 2025

Fungal infections (FIs) are widespread globally, affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent children, with varying clinical implications based on age and comorbidities. In immunocompromised children, particularly those with hematologic oncological conditions, FI leads to substantially longer hospital stays and increased in-hospital mortality, with reported rates ranging from 15% to 20%. Our study aims to analyze the epidemiological trends of fungal infections in the pediatric population within a specific region of Italy. We extracted ICD-9 codes related to fungal infections from hospital discharge records (HDRs) in the pediatric population of Veneto, located in the north-east of Italy, between 2007 and 2022. We included all children admitted to the hospital with a primary or secondary diagnosis during admission for other reasons. Data were stratified based on age, year, ward of admission, and type of diagnosis. Patients older than eighteen and HDRs related to a second admission within thirty days from the previous admission were excluded. A total of 1433 diagnoses were analyzed during the period, with 241 (16.8%) as main diagnoses and 1192 (83.2%) as secondary diagnoses. The overall hospitalization rate was 1084 cases/100,000 (1.69 cases/100,000 as primary diagnosis and 8.95 cases/100,000 as secondary). The hospitalization rate stratified for age was 11,055 cases/100,000 among infants younger than 1 year, 8.48 cases/100,000 among those aged 1-4 years, and 4.4 cases/100,000 among children older than 5. The more frequent infection was Candida spp. (62.8%), followed by Aspergillus spp. (14.6%) and skin mycosis (9.5%). Overall, the pediatric in-hospital case fatality rate due to FI was 2.09%. Our study elucidated the overall experience of fungal infections in the pediatric population of the Veneto region in Italy. Specifically, we underscored a relatively stable hospitalization rate for fungal diseases and a noteworthy mortality rate.
Review of the Fundamental Measurement Modalities in Photoacoustic Mechanical Imaging
Authors: Shi Xiaohan , Sun Jianqin , Yuan Hua , Li Liming , Zhang Haiyang , Zhao Yue
Published: January 2025

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a non-invasive imaging technique with high optical resolution and acoustic penetration depth, which has been widely used in medical and clinical researches. As an important part in functional PA imaging, photoacoustic mechanical imaging (PAMI) has great potential in visualizing and understanding the local development of pathological process. This review provides lots of PA breakthroughs which have been made in elasticity detection, viscosity detection, and viscoelasticity detection through PAMI techniques. The current research problems, challenges and future development directions were discussed.
Parameter Study on Ultraviolet Rayleigh–Brillouin Doppler Lidar with Dual-Pass Dual Fabry–Perot Interferometer for Accurately Measuring Near-Surface to Lower Stratospheric Wind Field
Authors: Shen Fahua , Shu Zhifeng , Dong Jihui , Jin Guohua , Yang Liangliang , Hui Zhou , Xu Hua
Published: January 2025

To suppress the influence of aerosols scattering on the double-edge detection technique and achieve high-accuracy measurement of the wind field throughout the troposphere to the lower stratosphere, an ultraviolet 355 nm Rayleigh–Brillouin Doppler lidar technology based on a dual-pass dual Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) is proposed. The wind speed detection principle of this technology is analyzed, and the formulas for radial wind speed measurement error caused by random noise and wind speed measurement bias caused by Mie scattering signal contamination are derived. Based on the detection principle, the structure of the lidar system is designed. Combining the wind speed measurement error and measurement bias on both sides, the parameters of the dual-pass dual-FPI are optimized. The free spectral range (FSR) of the dual-pass dual-FPI is selected as 12 GHz, the bandwidth as 1.8 GHz, and the peak-to-peak spacing as 6 GHz. Further, the detection performance of this new type of Rayleigh–Brillouin Doppler lidar with the designed system parameters is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that at an altitude of 0–20 km, within the radial wind speed dynamic range of ±50 m/s, the radial wind speed measurement bias caused by aerosol scattering signal is less than 0.17 m/s in the cloudless region; within the radial wind speed dynamic range of ±30 m/s, the bias is less than 0.44 m/s and 0.91 m/s in the simulated cumulus cloud at 4 km where aerosol backscatter ratio Rβ = 3.8 and cirrus cloud at 9 km where Rβ = 2.9, respectively; using a laser with a pulse energy of 350 mJ and a repetition frequency of 50 Hz, a 450 mm aperture telescope, setting the detection zenith angle of 30°, vertical resolution of 26 m@0–10 km, 78 m@10–20 km, and 260 m@20–30 km, and a time resolution of 1 min, with the daytime sky background brightness taking 0.3 WSr−1m−2nm−1@355 nm, the radial wind speed measurement errors of the system during the day and night are below 2.9 m/s and 1.6 m/s, respectively, up to 30 km altitude, below 0.28 m/s at 10 km altitude, and below 0.91 m/s at 20 km altitude all day.
Thermal Stability and Optical Behavior of Porous Silicon and Porous Quartz Photonic Crystals for High-Temperature Applications
Authors: Lujan-Cabrera Ivan Alonso , Anaya Rivera Ely Karina , Rizzo Sierra Jose Amilcar , De Paz Jonny Paul Zavala , Isaza Cesar , Ramirez-Gutierrez Cristian Felipe
Published: January 2025

This work investigates the changes in the optical response of photonic crystals based on porous silicon (PSi) as a function of temperature. Using the transfer matrix method in combination with thermo-optical properties, we numerically calculate the optical response of two types of photonic crystals: Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) and Fabry–Perot microcavities (FPMs). The results reveal that the photonic bandgap shifts with increasing temperature and pressure, with the defect mode in the microcavity notably shifting to longer wavelengths as the temperature rises. Additionally, we explore the transformation of PSi into porous quartz (PQz) via thermal oxidation, which preserves the porosity and multilayer structure, while altering the chemical composition. This results in geometrically identical photonic systems with distinct chemical properties, offering enhanced stability. Our simulations show that PSi structures exhibit a redshift in the photonic bandgap due to thermal expansion, while PQz structures remain optically stable even at elevated temperatures. This work highlights the potential of PQz as a robust material for high-temperature photonic applications, with tunable optical properties and stable performance under extreme conditions. The findings emphasize the feasibility of using porous-silicon-based photonic crystals for advanced optical devices in harsh environments.
Interfacial Interlocking of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Short Review
Authors: Joo Jong-Hyun , Kim Seong-Hwang , Yim Yoon-Ji , Bae Jin-Seok , Seo Min-Kang
Published: January 2025

The mechanical properties of the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) are dependent on the interfacial interaction and adhesion between carbon fibers (CFs) and polymer matrices. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how modifying the CFs can influence the properties of these composites. This review outlines recent research progress with a focus on the relationship between the interfacial and mechanical properties of CFRPs and provides a systematic summary of state-of-the-art surface modification techniques. These techniques are divided into four categories: (i) wet, (ii) electrochemical, (iii) dry, and (iv) polymer matrix modifications. Several strategies for enhancing the interfacial interactions and adhesion of CFRPs are discussed, providing insights for future trends.
Development of Radar and Optical Tracking of Near-Earth Asteroids at the University of Tasmania
Authors: White Oliver James , Calvés Guifré Molera , Horiuchi Shinji , Edwards Phil , Kruzins Ed , Giorgini Jon , Stacy Nick , Cole Andrew , Phillips Chris , Stevens Jamie , Benner Lance , Peters Edwin
Published: January 2025

We detail the use of the University of Tasmania’s (UTAS) optical and radio telescopes to conduct observations of near-Earth asteroids from 2021 to 2024. The Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex transmitted a radio signal at 7159.45 MHz, with the radar echo detected by the UTAS radio telescopes. The method of accounting for the Doppler shift between the stations and the near-Earth object is described so that others can implement a similar program. We present our results, with confirmed detections of 1994 PC1 and 2003 UC20 asteroids using the Hobart and Katherine 12-m antennas, demonstrating the feasibility of using small radio telescopes for these observations. Additionally, the recently upgraded Ceduna 30 m antenna was used to detect 2024 MK. Data collected from other observatories, such as Tidbinbilla, as well as the UTAS radar tracking of the moon are also presented in the context of demonstrating the means of applying these Doppler corrections and the accuracy of each method. Optical observations conducted in this period are also detailed as they complement radar observations and aid in refining the orbit parameters.