bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scent rubbing in carnivore species at Gavier Lake, Gujarat, India
Authors: Trivedi K. , Patel C. , Desai A.
Published: November 2022

Scents are one of the most common means of animal communication. Some animals use scent communication for many purposes including determining age and sex, marking their territories, and finding mates. Scent rubbing is a poorly understood way of marking in which animals rub their bodies against a variety of surfaces, many of which have intense odours. Individuals collapse their forelegs then push forward with their hind legs, rubbing their face, neck, and back onto the destination of the scent in the most well-known occurrences among carnivores. Most commonly, they put their own scent on the object while infusing the object’s scents onto their bodies. Faeces of other animals, meat, intestinal contents and insecticide are among the substances that elicit scent-rubbing. As a result, the subject's pelages are infused with the odour of these substances. Odours produced by sweat glands, urine, faeces and vaginal secretions often induce this behaviour, which is prominent in carnivore species. They scent rub as an olfactory communication method, releasing chemical odours to increase the chances of being recognised by conspecifics. Canids and other carnivores are well known for rubbing themselves on various scents, while smaller carnivores have been shown to increase caution and alter their feeding behaviour when exposed to the scent of larger carnivores.
On the critically endangered red teruntum mangrove (Lumnitzera littorea)
Authors: Madhushanka S. , Ranawana K.B. , Prassanna M.
Published: November 2022

Mangroves are ecologically important forest communities along tropical and subtropical coasts with 70 woody species belonging to about 30 genera in 20 families. Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt of the Family Combretaceae is a critically endangered true mangrove species indigenous to Sri Lanka. This species is distributed widely on the east coast of Africa, northern Australia, Polynesia, and tropical Asian countries. It is only known from a few locations in Sri Lanka. Therefore, in Sri Lanka L. littorea has been identified as a critically endangered (CR) species in 2007, 2012, and 2020 National Red Lists.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 9 ¦ 2022 1734 PHOSPHATE BINDERS AS A SUPPLEMENT-ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE AMONG ESRD PATIENTS ON MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN S
Authors: B. Jeevan Kumar  , Murali Mupparapu  , B.V.S. Lokesh Naidu  , M. Navya Sai  , R.D. Ponmudi  , T.N. Vinesha Yadav  , K. Devaki
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding phosphate binders among ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis in South India. And also, to assess its adverse effects and the impact on the gastrointestinal system. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional prospective study at nephroplus and vakula dialysis center in SVIMS, Tirupati for a period of 6 months. A total 226 patients were included in the study, who are on hemodialysis between November 2021 to April 2022. The study involved interviewing the patients, reviewing their medical records to assess the patients Knowledge, Attitude, Practice regarding these phosphate binders and to understand the impact of these binders on the GI system. Results: We included 226 patients in our study. 73:27 was the male and female ratio. The prevalence of prescribing calcium phosphate binders was 37%, non-calcium phosphate binders was 14% and combination of both binders was 49%. Most patients showed adequate to good attitudes towards phosphate balance. Calcium based phosphate binders had more effect on GI system when compared to the patients using non-calcium-based phosphate binders. Conclusion: Patients receiving hemodialysis mostly use phosphate binders. Binders negative impact on GI system is more due to low awareness level. Additionally, they claimed that nutrition restrictions during dialysis were not implemented with sufficient care and had poor compliance procedures. Further, we recommend efficacious patient counseling programs need to carried out to improve the awareness and knowledge of these phosphate binders among hemodialysis patients to minimize adverse effects.
Solubility Enhancement of Rifabutin by Co-solvency Approach
Authors: Jyoti Maithani Kalra  , Kapil Kalra  , Vandana Pokhriyal  , Kashif Husaain
Published: November 2022

Rifabutin is wide spectrum antimicrobial agent, effective in the treatment of infection caused by M. tuberculosis, M. avium and M. Leprae and also used in the treatment of multidrug resistant TB. Rifabutin is very poorly water soluble drug (0.19mg/ml) with high permeability. For enhancement of solubility of a hydrophobic drug has a significant role in the development of a liquid dosages form. The main purpose of this study was to improve the solubility of Rifabutin by co solvency method. Different blends were prepared by usinf different solvents and surfactants in different proportions have been used to enhance the solubility of Rifabutin like water, phosphate buffer, ethanol, propylene glycol and PEG 400, Tween 80 and Brij 35. In thisit was found that the blend 90% PEG and 10% co solvents (ethanol and propylene glycol) give highest solubility and among the surfactant systems, Tween 80 had shown enhanced solubility of Rifabutin. Solubility of rifabutin was determined by preparing saturated solutions of rifabutin in pure solvents and in mixture of co solvents with or without surfactants. It observed that the blend of 90% PEG and 10% ethanol and propylene glycol had shown the better improvement of solubility when compared with the other solvents and co solvents as it caused a noteworthy enhancement in solubility of Rifabutin that was 1.6803 mg/ml.The above observations lead to propose that the addition of small amount of polar solvent enhances the solubility of drug.Thus, the study generated an important array of data to compare the effect of these cosolvents on the aqueous solubility of rifabutin.
Is Women’s Personality Different From Men’s Personality- Big Five Personality Traits And Gender Roles
Authors: Swati Sharma  , Manisha Choudhary  , Vikas Shrotriya
Published: November 2022

Are men and women really from different planets, in literal sense, are they really different? What makes them so different from each other? Research and discussions on this topic seem endless, but, if men and women at times seem to be from different planets, can this difference be attributed to their personality traits? It needs an understanding of how men and women have unique thinking patterns, how their feelings given the same situation are distinct and why do they behave differently. The study of personality traits can be particularly helpful in understanding the differences between genders. This study enlightens the role of gender in the big five personality traits. It provides a valuable insight in understanding how men and women exhibit the different personality traits. This literature review study concludes by streamlining the differences among general patterns of personality in men and women.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IMPLANTABLE DRUG DELIVERY OF DISULFIRAM
Authors: Sandip Fulzele  , Sunil R. Bavaskar  , Bhushan P. Gayakwad  , Reenu Yadav  , Vinod Gauttam  , Jyotiram Sawale
Published: November 2022

Disulfiram is widely prescribed to discourage alcoholics from drinking alcohol. The effectiveness of oral disulfiram as a treatment for alcoholism is severely limited due to its poor bioavailability and poor patient compliance. To minimize the failure of the orally administered drug, efforts have been made to prepare alternative dosage form of subcutaneously implantable disulfiram pellets or tablets. In the present study an attempt has been made to design and evaluate a disulfiram implant using plain drug. The disulfiram implants have been formulated by direct compression and the effect of parameters like pH of site of administration (6.0 and 7.4) and sterilization were studied on in-vitro release of implantable disulfiram pellets. In- vitro release has been studied by vial and rotary flask shaker methods. The release kinetic mechanism from all the formulation was found to be zero order. The in vitro release data of all the formulations was compared with that of marketed disulfiram implant (Esperal). In contrast to other formulation in vitro release from marketed formulation appeared to be independent of hydrodynamics of diffusion (volume of dissolution media and agitation speed). The present study had revealed that, in-vitro drug release from implants is unaffected by pH of site of administration and gamma ray sterilization. Both the methods (Vial Method & Rotating Flask Method) of in vitro dissolution testing are found significantly different for formulations prepared in laboratory but not for marketed formulation, indicating the different mechanism of release of marketed formulation.
Challenges of exclusive breast feeding for new born, a problem-solving approach to improve percentage during hospital stay: A quality improvement perspective
Authors: Pillamari Niharika  , Rita Hajela  , Inderpreet Sohi
Published: November 2022

Exclusive breast feeding for six months is the intended target for every newborn, but even after decades of efforts by WHO, UNICEF, UN, it still stands at 44% globally. Ground reality was no different in our set up. NICU admission was the major reason. But heathy newborn roomed in with mother were also found to be not exclusively breast fed. Individualized reasons always cropped up for giving formula milk and situation was not changing in spite of exclusive breast-feeding policy in place. Task was taken up with a quality improvement perspective. Magnitude of problem was studied, Root cause analysis done. Two reasons were found, issue of non protactile /retracted nipples in mother creating a latching issue. Late interference or unsuccessful interference resulted in formula feeds to baby. Other was complain of non production of milk/colostrum in early postpartum period by mother. Three interventions were adopted, i.e., nipple examination by pediatric team in labor room, 20 cc inverted syringe pump at outset, traditional nutrition supplement of galactogogues addressing three different issues. As a result, we were able to improve our exclusive breast-feeding rates during hospital stay of newborn from 66 % to 100 % when both baby and mothers’ condition was considered. When only infants’ heath was considered as prerequisite it improved to 95%. We concluded that simple process of reassignment of job, anticipation and redecided remedial measures as standard operating procedure, led to quick rise in exclusive breast-feeding rates in our setup and they may be easily adopted at other places also.
GA-PID and Conventional-PID Based Analysis of PID controlled UPFC Stabilizer
Authors: Debshree Bhattacharya  , Pratibha Shrivastava  , Shilpa Sharma  , Pragya Awadhiya
Published: November 2022

In this paper, PID optimization (CPID) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are used to tune the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to design a coordination stabilizer based on PID-UPFC. These two are often used to adjust the parameters of the PID controller. The proposed method is easy to implement and offers better stability. The proposed work is performed under MATLAB software. Basically, in this article, compare this CP-ID and GA-PID on the basis of waveform, settlement time and maximum overshoot. When the comparison is made, it is found that the performance of GA- PID is better than the performance of CPID. The GA-PID controller provides better stability, improved steady-state error, and the time required for the signal to rise, i.e. rise time, is also minimized. Simulation results show fast response from GA-PID controller.
LACTOSE INTOLERANCE AND ITS EFFECT ON PLASMA GLUCOSE LEVELS AND OTHER BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Masood Ali Qureshi  , Aneela Qureshi  , Arshad Ali Lakho  , Abdul Ghaffar Pirzado  , Saeed Ahmed Shaikh  , Shahzad Ali Jiskani
Published: November 2022

Aim: To determine the effect of lactose intolerance on serum glucose levels and related biochemical parameters in the adult population who refrain from consuming milk and milk products.Material and Method: This retrospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital between January 2021 and December 2021 with 296 participants. Plasma glucose, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, folate, vitamin B12, thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH), and ferritin levels were controlled. Patients with positive lactose intolerance test results were accepted as the study group and negative results were accepted as the control group, and data of two groups were compared.Results: Of the total 296 participants 212 (71.7%) were found to have lactose intolerance and 84 (28.3%) were found to be normal. In the lactose intolerant group, blood glucose levels were significantly lower than the control group (5.14±0.53 mmol/L versus 5.47±0.54 mmol/L, p<0.001). In the lactose intolerant group, 29 (13.7%) patients, and in the control group 18 (21.4%) patients were having type 2 diabetes mellitus. In diabetic patients, both fasting blood glucose (5.68±0.49 mmol/L versus 6.30±0.59 mmol/L, p<0.001) and glycated hemoglobin levels were also significantly lower than the control group in the study group (6.78±1.08 versus 7.62±0.96, p<0.001).Conclusions: In this study, based upon the findings of people with insufficient milk consumption, any decrease in blood calcium or vitamin D levels was not observed. Lactose intolerant people may have lower blood glucose levels compared to lactase persistent people. Larger-scale and long-term studies are needed to demonstrate that persistence of lactase is an independent risk factor for the development of diabetes.
إشكالات الصكوك الاستثمارية
وما يواجه مشروعيّتها من تحديات
Authors: زريب محمد علي جبران
Published: November 2022

هناك قَدْر من التكلف الفقهي للتنصل من بعض إشكالات الصكوك الاستثمارية، وهذه النزعة المبالِغة في إسلاميّة هذه الصكوك قد حدَت ببعضهم لأن يغتفر فيها ما لا يغتفر في غيرها، بحجة أن الصكوك أداة إسلامية أصيلة ظهرت على أيدي علماء الاقتصاد الإسلامي! وهذا التفريق والتعليل ليس كافياً لتجاوز تحدياتٍ تشريعية وإشكالاتٍ شرعيّة تستدعي إمعان النظر الفقهي فيها، ولذلك ســيُعنى هذا البحث -بصفة رئيسة- بالجانب التحليلي للصكوك الاستثمارية من حيث تشخيص العقبات والتحديات والإشكاليات التي تعترض مشروعيتها، إلا أنه يعرّج على تحرير الحكم تبَعاً لتكتمل الصورة، وعليه فسيتناول هذا البحث -بالدراسة والتحليل- بعض إشكالات مشروعية الصكوك محفوفةً بمداخل تصويرية لمفهومها وأهم ما يتعلق بها من عناصر وصفية وأحكام شرعية، بحيث يشتمل على مقدمةٍ وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة:
المقدمة متضمنةً -بعد الديباجة- أهميةَ البحث ومنهجه والدارسات السابقة وخطة البحث.
والمبحث الأول في مفهوم الصكوك، وخصائصها، والفرق بينها وبين الأوراق المالية المشابهة، وتاريخها وأهميتها وأنواعها ومراحلها.
وأما المبحث الثاني ففي الإشكالات المتعلقة بالصكوك المالية، بحيث نعرِض في هذا المبحث للتحديات التي تواجه القول بمشروعية هذه الصكوك، وذلك من خلال مطلبين:
- المطلب الأول: الإشكالات العامة (المتعلقة بجميع أنواع الصكوك)
- المطلب الثاني: الإشكالات الخاصة ببعض الأنواع دون بعض.
بينما المبحث الثالث متعلق بمدى مشروعيتها في ضوء التحديات السابقة وصلاحيتها بديلاً شرعياً للسندات الربوية.
ثم ذيّلت البحث بخاتمة أُجْمِل فيها أهم ما أتوصل إليه من نتائج، وأثبت بعدها قائمة بمصادر البحث ومراجعه.
الاحتجاج بلغة الإمام مالك
Authors: ادعيكل د. عبد الغني
Published: November 2022

هذا البحث محاولة علمية لبيان صحة القصص والآثار التي تحكي ضعفا في لغة الإمام مالك؛ إذ بعد التتبع والاستقراء والدراسة العلمية والموضوعية، وجدناها قد نُسِبَت إليه كذبا وزورا؛ فهي إما ضيقة أو موضوعة من جهة السند لجهالة بعض رواته أو اشتهارهم بالكذب أو غير ذلك من العلل القادحة، وإما منكرة من جهة المتن، وقد تقوَّتْ هذه النتيجة وتعززت بسوْق كثير من شهادات أرباب اللغة يمدحون فيها لغة الإمام ويثنون عليه بها، وأيضا بما يجده الدارس لحياته العلمية من اعتناء شديد باللغة العربية وتمكنه من ناصيتها، والصبر على تحصيلها، وثنائه على علومها وأهلها، واعتبارها من الدين، ويعد تراثه اللغوي خير شاهد على هذا؛ فهو من الأوائل الذين خدموا اللغة العربية من خلال اهتمامه بغريب الحديث، وكتاب الموطأ أو ما رواه طلبته عنه؛ ومن اطلع على ما سبق، سيقف على اعتنائه ببيان غريب النصوص الشرعية وتفسيرها، وسيعلم قطعا ويقينا أن مالكا إمام في اللغة ورائد في هذا الفن.
Research summary.
This research is a scientific attempt to show the validity of the stories that tell a weakness in the language of Imam Malik, because after tracking, extrapolating, and conducting a scientific and objective study, we found them to have been attributed to him falsely; they are either weak or fabricated in terms of the chain of transmission due to the ignorance of some of its transmitters who wer famous for lying and other problems or denied in terms of the text. This result has been strengthened by quoting many of the leaders of the language in which they praise the imam and his language, as well as what the researcher finds, in the Imam’s scientific life, as a great interest and mastery of the Arabic language, patience to acquire it, praising it and its speakers, and considering it a part of the religion; his linguistic heritage is considered the best evidence of this; He is one of the first to serve the Arabic language by giving him a strange talk, and from the reading of his book al-Mutta or what his students have written about him, one will stand on the Imam’s care for the strange the legal texts and their interpretations. One will also know ,for sure, that Malik in an imam in the language and a pioneer in this art.
برامج الانغماس اللغوي ودورها في تعزيز الأمن الفكري
لدى متعلمي اللغة العربية الناطقين بغيرها
Authors: ربابعة إدريس محمود
Published: November 2022

يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة برامج الانغماس اللغوي ودورها في تعزيز الأمن الفكري لدى متعلمي اللغة العربية الناطقين بغيرها من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس، وأي هذه البرامج أكثر جدوى في ذلك؟ وهل توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (α≤0.05) بين متوسط تقديرات عينة البحث لدور برامج الانغماس اللغوي في تعزيز الأمن الفكري لدى متعلمي اللغة العربية الناطقين بغيرها تعزى لمتغيرات (الجنس، الخبرة، المؤهل العلمي، الرتبة العلمية)؟ وأعد الباحث استبانة أداة لبحثه، واعتمد على المنهج الوصفي، ومثَّل أفراد البحث مجموعة من المعلمين والمعلمات في بعض معاهد ومراكز تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها في الجامعات العربية بلغ عددهم (67) معلماً ومعلمة، توصلت نتائج البحث إلى أن برنامج "الزيارات الميدانية والرحلات" جاء في المرتبة الأولى بين البرامج الأكثر جدوى في تعزيز الأمن الفكري بأعلى متوسط حسابي بلغ (4.44)، بينما جاء برنامج "التواصل عبر وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي (فيسبوك، واتس أب...)" في المرتبة الأخيرة وبمتوسط حسابي بلغ (3.63)، وبلغ المتوسط الحسابي للأداة ككل (4.02). كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (α≤0.05) تعزى لأثر المتغيرات السابقة.
حفظ موارد المياه واستدامتها في السنة النبوية
Authors: الغملاس نورة بنت عبد الله
Published: November 2022

لقد كانت توجيهات النبي ﷺ في حفظ الماء واستدامته بمثابة وثيقة لتحقيق الأمن المائي الذي ظل على مر العصور يشغل هاجس الشعوب، لا سيما وأنه ﷺ يتحدث من بيئة شحيحة بالموارد المائية، ولعل ذلك يكون الأقدر على رسم سياسة واستراتيجية دقيقة في استدامة موارد المياه.
وتكمن مشكلة البحث المحورية في الحاجة الماسة لوضع استراتيجية لاستدامة الموارد المائية، والإفادة من التوجيهات النبوية، وذلك بجمع الأحاديث النبوية الواردة فيه.
وتتمثل أبرز أهداف البحث في: بيان سياسة الحفاظ على الماء في السنة النبوية، و إبراز استراتيجية تنمية الموارد المائية في السنة النبوية.
واتبعت في البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي. وكان من أهم نتائج البحث: إن النبي ﷺ وضع استراتيجيات واضحة واقعية وشاملة وسهلة التطبيق للتعامل مع الأزمة المائية، مما يجعل تطبيقها كفيلا بالقضاء على الأزمة المائية العالمية.
كلمات مفتاحية: (السنة – البيئة - حفظ الماء- السيرة النبوية - الحديث النبوي)

Abstract
The directives of the Prophet, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, in the conservation and sustainability of water were a document to maintain water security, which throughout the ages has been a preoccupation of peoples, especially since he speaks from a scarce environment with water resources, and perhaps this is to be the best able to formulate an accurate policy and strategy in the sustainability of water resources.
The central research problem lies in the urgent need to develop a strategy for the sustainability of water resources, and to benefit from the prophetic directives by collecting the hadiths contained therein.
Perhaps the most important objectives of the research are: A statement of the policy of water conservation in the Prophetic Sunnah. As well as highlighting the strategy for the development of water resources in the Sunnah, and followed the inductive and analytical method in the research.
One of the most important results of the research: that the Prophet, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, had developed clear, realistic, comprehensive and easy-to-apply strategies to deal with the water crisis, which makes the application of the Prophet’s strategy, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, in the development of water resources sufficient to eliminate the global water crisis.
Key Words: (Sunnah, environment, water conservation, prophetic Sunnah, prophetic Hadith).
المشروع والممنوع في دعوة الإنس للجن إلى الله تعالى
Authors: الغامدي عبد الرحمن بن عبدالله بن محمد
Published: November 2022

هذا بحث بعنوان: (المشروع والممنوع في دعوة الإنس للجن إلى الله تعالى– دراسة تحليلية نقدية)، وقد قسم الباحثُ البحث إلى مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة، وتكلم في المبحث الأول عن وجود الجن، والأدلة الشرعية والعقلية على ذلك، ثم تكلم عن تكليف الجن، وعن مشروعية دعوة الإنس للجن، وفي المبحث الثاني عن الطرق الصحيحة والمشروعة لدعوة الإنس للجن، ثم تكلم عن الطرق الخاطئة والممنوعة لدعوة الإنس للجن، ثم خاتمة البحث، وفيها أهم النتائج والتوصيات، وكان من أبرز النتائج المذكورة: أنه يشرع للإنسي أن يدعو الجني إلى الله تعالى، وأن طرق دعوة الجن على قسمين؛ قسم مشروع وهو ما كان موافقًا لهدي النبي( صلى الله عليه وسلم) وقسم ممنوع؛ وهو محرم، وقد يصل إلى الشرك، ثم ذكر التوصيات، وكان أبرز ما أوصى به الباحث: كتابة المزيد من البحوث لمعرفة الأساليب الشرعية الصحيحة لدعوة الجن، وكتابة البحوث التي تبين آثار السلف لدعوة الجن، وآثار ذلك على الدعوة والدعاة، ثم في آخر البحث قائمة بأهم المصادر والمراجع.
الكلمات المفتاحية: المشروع، الممنوع، دعوة، الإنس، الجن.
 
Abstract
This is a research entitled: "Permitted and prohibited of calling the jinn to Allah Almighty by people - an analytical study", The researcher has divided the research into an introduction, two topics and a conclusion. In the first topic, he talked about the existence of the jinn and the sharia and mental evidence for that, then he talked about the commandment of the jinn, and the legitimacy of calling the jinn to Allah by people. In the second topic, he talked about the correct and permitted ways of calling the jinn to Allah by people, then he talked about the wrong and prohibited ways of calling the jinn to Allah by people. Then he concluded the research including the most important results and recommendations. Among the most prominent results mentioned: It is permitted for the man to call the jinn to Allah Almighty. The ways of calling the jinn to Allah are divided into two parts. A permitted part which was in accordance with the guidance of the Prophet, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, and a prohibited part which is forbidden, and it may reach polytheism. Then he mentioned the recommendations. The most prominent of what the researcher recommended was: Making more researches to find out the correct sharia methods of calling the jinn to Allah, and making researches that show the traditions of the predecessors of calling the jinn to Allah, and the effects of that on Da'wa and preachers. Then at the end of the research there is a list of the most important sources and references.
Key words: project, the forbidden, the Call, the human beings, the jinn.
المكانُ في مجموعةِ (الحفلة) للقاصِّ السعودي عبد الله با خشوين
Authors: العبودي سهام صالح
Published: November 2022

يتناولُ موضوع هذا البحث عنصرَ المكان في المجموعةِ القصصيَّةِ (الحفلة) للكاتب السعودي عبد الله با خشوين، ويهدفُ البحثُ إلى الكشفِ عن أشكال من حضور المكان في هذه المجموعةِ باستخدام آليات البحث السيميائي عبر التركيز على ظواهر مكانية يمكن من خلالها استكشاف البعدين: (المعنوي، والجمالي) لحضور المكان الذي يعدُّ من أهم عناصر البنية القصصيَّة، ومن ثمَّ قراءة الإحالات النفسية، والاجتماعيَّة التي تصدرُ عن تشكُّلات هذا المكان، ومظاهره، وأبعاده.
الكلمات الدالَّة: (المكان، المدينة، القصة القصيرة، السرد).

This research deals with the element of place in The Party; a story collection by the Saudi author Abdullah Bakhshawin. The research aims at revealing the forms of the presence of time in this collection through the use of Semiotic research mechanisms. This is done by focusing on spatial phenomena through the exploration of both the moral and aesthetic dimensions of place; the most important element in the structure of stories. This is followed by a reading into the psychological and social references that arise from the formations of this place, its manifestations and dimensions.
ملامح البيئة المحليّة الإماراتيّة في روايات مريم الغفلي
Authors: الهاشمي د. بديعة خليل
Published: November 2022

للبيئة تأثير كبير في السلوك البشريّ، والنشاط المجتمعي والثقافي في مكان جغرافي ما، وهو ما ينعكس بالضرورة في خبرات وتجارب قاطنيه، ويؤثّر في تشكيل سلوكياتهم واللاوعي لديهم، ومن ثمّ تعبيرهم الإبداعيّ والأدبيّ. وقد اعتنى عدد من الروائيين الإماراتيّين بتصوير البيئة المحليّة في رواياتهم، ومنهم الروائية "مريم الغفلي"، التي استطاعت من خلال رواياتها أن تؤسّس لمشروع وطنيّ، سعت من خلاله إلى تدوين ملامح مهمة من الثقافة المحليّة الماديّة والشفاهيّة.
ويهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن أبرز ملامح البيئة المحليّة التي صورتها الروائية في ثلاث روايات، هي: "طوي بخيتة"، و"نداء الأماكن.. خزينة"، و"أيّام الزّغنبوت"؛ وينقسم البحث إلى أقسام ثلاثة: الأول، يتناول أهمية تصوير البيئة المحليّة وعلاقتها بالهوية الوطنيّة، والثاني، يستعرض مشروع الروائيّة في استثمار مكوّنات الثقافة المحلية في رواياتها، والأخير، يشتمل على الدراسة التطبيقيّة التي توظّف المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في دراسة مضامين الروايات وبنائها الفني من حيث تصوير البيئة المحليّة.
الكلمات المفتاحية: البيئة، المحلية، الرواية الإماراتية، الموروث الشعبي، المضمون، البناء الفني.
 
Abstract
The environment has a significant impact on the human behavior and the social and cultural activities in any geographical place, which is necessarily reflected in the experiences of its inhabitants, and affects the formation of their behaviors and their subconsciousness, and thus their creative and literary expressions. A number of Emirati novelists have been taking care of portraying the Emirati local environment in their novels, including Maryam Al-Ghafli, who was able, through her novels, to establish a national project, through which she sought to write down the important features of the physical and verbal local culture.
This research aims to reveal the most prominent features of the local environment that the novelist portrayed in three of her works: "Twi Bakhita", "The Call of Places.. Khazina", and "Ayam al-Zeghnaboot". The research is divided into three sections. The first section: deals with the importance of portraying the local environment and its relationship to the national identity. The second section: reviews the novelist's project in investing the components of local culture in her novels. And the last section: includes the applied study that employs the descriptive analytical method in studying the contents of the novels and their artistic structure in terms of depicting the local environment.
Keywords: Environment, Locality, Emirati novel, Folklore, Content, Artistic structure.
Les discours des lauréats du prix Nobel de littératures française et arabe entre intertextualité et analyse esthétique
Authors: AL-FARARGUY Fathéya
Published: November 2022

Depuis 1901 jusqu’à nos jours, La France avec ses seize nobélisés occupe la première place des pays sélectionnés. La présente étude s’appuie sur l’analyse de l’approche esthétique et intertextuelle des discours de l’écrivain égyptien arabe Naguib Mahfouz et des lauréats français : Sully Prudhomme, Frédéric Mistral, Romain Rolland, Anatole France, Roger Martin du Gard, François Mauriac, Albert Camus, Saint-John Perse, Claude Simon, Gao Xingjian (écrivain chinois naturalisé français trois ans avant son obtention du Nobel), Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio et Patrick Modiano. Il est intéressant de noter qu’avant A. France, il n’y avait pas de discours. Jean-Paul Sartre et Samuel Beckett ayant refusé le prix. Pour des raisons de santé, André Gide n’ayant pu assister à la cérémonie, c’est l’ambassadeur français Gabriel Puaux qui l’a représenté. Tout comme Henri Bergson, à demi paralysé par un rhumatisme déformant, et représenté par Armand Bernard, ministre de l’époque.

Depuis les années 1990, le développement d’une « analyse du discours littéraire » soulève des difficultés épistémologiques et institutionnelles, pour les spécialistes de littérature comme pour les analystes du discours . De fait, les discours des lauréats prononcés au mois de décembre (date anniversaire d’Alfred Nobel) à l’Académie suédoise sont tous rédigés sur un ton presque didactique pour toutes les générations. Cet héritage culturel et international résume de grandes périodes, des expériences et des espoirs pour un futur distingué. Mais quels en sont les éléments constitutifs à l’approche esthétique ? Les discours des lauréats du prix Nobel n’appartiennent-ils à la littérature d’idées ? Comment se forme l’image de chaque écrivain entre le jeu de l’analepse et de la prolepse ? Ces discours contiennent-ils une mise en abîme ? Comment l’intertextualité participe-t-elle à l’acte de l’écriture et à la richesse de ces discours adressés à un public très varié dans le monde entier ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques de ces discours littéraires conversationnels ? À quel style ces discours appartiennent-ils : narratif, descriptif, argumentatif ou explicatif ?
ACOLHIMENTO DO ENFERMEIRO ÀS PESSOAS VIVENDO COM HIV NO ÂMBITO DAS UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE
Authors: De Mello Nascimento Joana D'arc
Published: November 2022

A descentralização da assistência às Pessoas Vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) para as Unidades Básicas de Saúde é fundamental para a adesão ao tratamento e melhoria de suas condições de vida e saúde e o enfermeiro, nesse cenário, tem papel central através da consulta de enfermagem com acolhimento e escuta qualificada. A presente pesquisa objetivou investigar como ocorre o acolhimento de PVHIV por parte de profissionais enfermeiros nas UBS, identificar as características da demanda de PVHIV nas UBS do município campo da pesquisa e descrever como é realizado o acolhimento de PVHIV por parte de profissionais Enfermeiros nas UBS. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, cujo projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UNIFASE sob o Parecer 5.351.703. A coleta de dados foi realizada de forma remota, através de entrevistas gravadas e os achados foram transcritos e categorizados para análise. Os resultados evidenciaram que fatores como a não realização de testes rápidos como estratégia de acesso  ao diagnóstico, a falta de vínculo do usuário com as equipes da atenção básica e o fato de,  logo após receberem a sorologia reagente de HIV, os usuários serem encaminhados diretamente dos serviços laboratoriais para unidades de referência, fazem com que não haja demanda de PVHIV nas UBS. Foi evidenciado também que o acolhimento de PVHIV por parte de profissionais Enfermeiros nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde acaba não ocorrendo por não haver, ainda, a descentralização da assistência, e o cuidado da PVHIV não ser uma  realidade corriqueira nas UBS.
O ESTADO DO CONHECIMENTO SOBRE AS DOENÇAS TRANSMITIDAS POR ALIMENTOS NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Dos Santos Marques Jose Luiz , Cardoso Messeder Jorge
Published: November 2022

Este artigo apresenta um estado do conhecimento acerca das Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos no Ensino de Ciências, observando as baixas publicações neste campo, ainda que a discussão seja de suma importância para o controle destas enfermidades; além de contribuir para a formação de cidadãos capazes de desenvolver métodos e estratégias eficientes que diminuam ou cessem a proliferação destas enfermidades. Os trabalhos selecionados por esta análise se encontram em cinco repositórios no recorte temporal compreendido entre 2011-2021. Verificou-se uma diminuta inclinação na abordagem desta intersecção nos espaços de ensino, ainda que o tema seja objeto de conhecimento da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, inserido na área de Ciências da Natureza do Ensino Fundamental. Resultados no campo da saúde corroboram para a importância dos efeitos nos campos social e econômico e as escolas se configuram como importantes espaços para a promoção destes conhecimentos.
LICITAÇÕES E CONTRATAÇÃO DIRETA: APLICABILIDADE E LICITUDE
Authors: Ferreira Alves de Lima Alex
Published: November 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar onde o processo licitatório é aplicado e em quais casos a contratação direta é permitida, em consonância com a legislação pertinente, confrontando os fatores que levam a contratação direta e as exigências para realizar um processo licitatório. As contratações públicas seguem, em regra, o princípio de licitar. No entanto, a legislação prevê exceções à regra geral. Há hipóteses em que é possível a contratação direta podendo a licitação ser dispensada ou inexigível. Esse tipo de contratação assegura mais objetividade e rapidez para a Administração Pública, tornando o processo mais eficiente e menos burocrático, visando obter o melhor resultado para a Administração Pública. Este estudo foi realizado atentando-se as Leis pertinentes vigentes, demonstrando que o Gestor deve buscar sempre agir com ética e visando à promoção do bem comum. Praticamente todas as ações dos governantes implicam na utilização do processo licitatório ou contratação direta para contratação das compras, dos serviços e das obras, que são indispensáveis para implantar qualquer programa de governo e aumentar a qualidade de vida da população. Este estudo contribui substancialmente para a área da Administração Pública, no que diz respeito ao processo licitatório e as exceções à regra geral, ou seja, em quais casos a contratação direta é permitida. Os dados foram coletados através de uma variável de conhecimento denominada “pesquisa exploratória”, efetuada manualmente junto à literatura existente sobre o tema, buscando construir um referencial de apoio ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa.
On the action of area integral on product domains and bounded functionals in Hardy type spaces
Authors:   Bryansk State Technical University, Shamoyan R. F.
Published: November 2022

We provide a new maximal theorem for new mixed norm Hardy type spaces and an extention of Hardy-Littlewood theorem to such type mixed norm function spaces related with Area integral on product domains, some new duality results on bounded functionals for such type mixed norm Hardy spaces in product domains will be also provided. We сonsider and discuss also many new function spaces with mixed norm.
Problems of the History of Adyghe literature, criticism and enlightenment in the research of Academician A. H. Hakuashev
Authors:   Institute for Humanitarian Studies of the KBSC RAS, Bakov H. I.
Published: November 2022

The article highlights the problems of the Adyghe literary process, the scientific resolution of which was carried out in the works of a prominent scientist and teacher Andrei Khanashkhovich Hakuashev (1929-2022), who made a significant contribution to the formation of the Adyghe (Circassian) International Academy of Sciences, being the academician-secretary of its historical and philological department. Among the multifaceted activities of the scientist, the article focuses on the issues of restoring the biography and creativity of the Adyghe enlightenment writers of the XIX century, literary criticism, creativity, classics of Kabardian literature by A. A. Shogentsukov, extensive journalism, as well as work on the creation of curricula, textbooks and teaching aids for schools and universities. The facts of A. H. Hakuashev's biography, which influenced his research and teaching activities, are also touched upon. The evaluation and merits of the scientist in the formation of the Adyghe literature and personnel training were also noted.
Resettlement of Displaced Chechens in the Ottoman Empire
Authors:   A. A. Kadyrov Chechen State University, Garsaev L. M. , Garasaev Kh-A. M.
Published: November 2022

The The article describes the resettlement and the problems of resettlement of Chechen migrants in the Ottoman Empire in 1865. It shows the duality of the behavior of the Turkish side and the indifference of some Russian officials to the tragic situation among migrants. From all that has been said, it follows that the Turkish government did not have a clear program of action and Russian officials did not show much enthusiasm in solving this issue. This is evidenced by the documentary sources given in the work.
The Study of Kabardino-Russian Historical Interaction in the National Historiography of the 19th Century
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H. M. Berbekov, Zhurtova A. A.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the main works of the 19th century on the problem of relations between Russia and Kabarda in the 16th–19th centuries. In accordance with the ideological orientation of historiographic sources, the author conditionally identified two main directions in the pre-revolutionary study of this topic: conservative (officially protective) and liberal. Representatives of the conservative direction of pre-revolutionary Caucasian studies substantiated the thesis about the exclusive role of autocracy in public life and the need to conquer the North Caucasus to ensure the protection of Russia's state interests. This trend includes the works of N. M. Karamzin, P. P. Zubov, R. A. Fadeev, N. F. Dubrovin and other authors. In the studies of representatives of the liberal current of scientific thought of the 19th century, based on the social ideals of freedom and equality, attention was focused on the mutually beneficial and allied nature of the Kabardian-Russian historical ties, which required the search for peaceful, alternative to military, ways to join the peoples of the Caucasus. This direction is represented by the works of S. M. Soloviev, S. M. Bronevsky, N. F. Grabovsky, V. A. Potto, S. A. Belokurov, I. Atazhukin, Sh. Nogmov, Khan-Girey and others.
National-state development of Kabarda and Balkaria in 1917-1922
Authors:   Institute for Humanitarian Studies of the KBSC RAS, Kazharov A. G.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the study of historical factors of changing the national-state status of the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria within the Russian state. Issues related to the secession of Kabarda and Balkaria from the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the unification of Kabarda and Balkaria within the framework of a common autonomy are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the national will of the Kabardian and Balkar peoples and their free will, which resulted in the formation of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Region.
Constitutional status of the republic as a subject of the federation in the doctrine of Soviet and Russian federalism
Authors:   Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Khamukov A. V.
Published: November 2022

The article examines the constitutional status of the republic as a subject of the Russian Federation from a theoretical and legal point of view, reveals its concept and content. The evolution of this status is traced, reflecting the evolution in the domestic theoretical and legal science of legal ideas about various forms of statehood of the subject of the federation and their content. According to the author, ideas about the constitutional status of a republic within the Russian Federation are influenced by the process of improving Russian federalism, constitutional relations, and this is an objective process.
Transactional Supply Chain Governance and Performance of Agro Processing Firms in Kenya
Authors: Ominde Samuel Owuor , Osoro Anthony Osoro , Monari Damaris G
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Agro processing sector is a widely diverse subsector and is vital to the production of food, beverages and non-food products. The sector contributes in earning foreign exchange, growth of gross domestic product and offer employment opportunities. The sector is inefficient in terms of value addition to the agricultural produce as Kenya exports raw agricultural produce instead of high-quality value-added products. This study therefore, sought to determine the effect of transactional supply chain governance on performance of agro processing firms in Kenya.

Methodology: This study adopted a survey research design. The study focused on 344 agro processing firms in Kenya. This study used a census survey and data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The data collected was analysed using SSPS version 25. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics by use of moderated multiple regression analysis.   

Findings: The findings of this study revealed that transactional supply chain governance had a significant and positive effect on performance of agro processing firms in Kenya. The model found out that the coefficient of determination was 0.597 implying that 59.7% performance of agro processing firms in Kenya is explained by transactional supply chain governance. The study concluded that transactional supply chain governance was critical in enhancing the performance of agro processing firms in Kenya.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that agro processing firms should implement the systems of transactional supply chain governance to enhance their profitability, sales growth and market share
Chp İktidarının Son Döneminde Türkçe Ezan Uygulaması Karşısında İslamcı Basın (1947-1950)
Authors: GÖK Hacı Veli
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı çok partili hayata geçiş ve sonrasındaki süreçte, 1947-1950 arasında yürütülen Türkçe ezan uygulamasını dönemin İslamcı basınının bakış açısından değerlendirerek İslami ideolojiyi benimsemiş bir takım basın organının Türkçe ezan uygulaması bağlamında tek parti yönetimine karşı göstermiş oldukları reaksiyonu ortaya koymaktır. Tek parti döneminde gerçekleşen Türkçe ezan uygulaması ile ilgili olarak birçok akademik çalışma meydana getirilmiş olmasına rağmen, bu çalışmalar uygulamanın gelişim süreci ve CHP iktidarının bu süreçteki rolü ve önemine yer vermiştir. Oysaki niteliği ve niceliği azımsanmayacak derecede olan İslamcı basın ve temsil ettiği kamuoyunun bahse konu tek parti dönemi uygulamasından duyduğu rahatsızlık ve bu doğrultuda CHP iktidarına karşı yöneltilen eleştiri ve önerilerin göz ardı edildiği saptanmıştır. 1947 ve 1950 arası dönem İslamcı basının Türkçe ezan uygulaması karşısındaki tutumunun incelendiği bu çalışmada temel kaynaklar olarak arşivler, süreli yayınlar ve dönemin en büyük süreli İslami yayın organlarından faydalanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda bahse konu yayın organlarının tamamına yakınının Türkçe ezan uygulamasına karşı oldukları ya da ezanın Türkçe tercümesinin yanlış yapıldığını savundukları gözlemlenmiştir.
农村居民点利用整治的理论、标准与潜力
Authors: Song Wei
Published: November 2022

实施乡村振兴，改善农村人居环境，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央作出的重要决策，事关全面建成小康社会，事关广大农民福祉，事关农村社会文明和谐。农村居民点作为乡村地域系统的有机组成部分，对其空间布局进行调整、优化其土地利用格局、实施综合整治，对实现乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。 居民点是为了生产和生活而聚集的定居场所，是人类社会空间结构的一种基本形式。在特大城市 - 大城市 - 中等城市 - 小城市 - 建制镇 - 集镇 - 中心村 - 基层村城乡居民点体系中，从集镇到基层村，都属于农村居民点范畴。 以统计年鉴、农户抽样调查等数据和资料为依据，运用统计分析和历史地理研究等方法，从我国农村住宅功能、特点的历史演变，农村住宅功能的区域分异，农户家庭结构的历史变迁和农村低效建设用地现状等方面研究农村宅基地和农村居民点的形成、演变、区域功能分异、现状和潜力以及农村低效建设用地的挖潜，及由此可能产生的对农村居民点整理潜力测算方法、整理标准选择体系影响。 农村低效建设用地再利用已经成为国内尤为重视的问题，根据中央政策要求，各省市也开始纷纷制定适合自己的政策并进一步落实实施。从时间上来看，2008年和2013年是两个重要的时间节点。从空间上来看，经济发展较快、水平较高的东部地区更多、 更早的出台了农村低效建设用地再利用政策，这体现了土地对社会经济发展的重要作用。世界各国在城市化的过程中都会出现低效的建设用地，如闲置宅基地或废弃工商业用地等，对于此类土地的再利用一直是世界各国积极探索的重要议题。各个国家由于国情和历史发展进程的不同，逐渐形成一套适用于本国的低效建设用地再利用的政策体系。其主要特点有：完善的政策法规体系；强大的技术支持；明晰的政策目标与规划；经济刺激和财政支持；产权清晰及市场的引入；公众参与及监督机制。 地域分异理论、土地产权理论、农户经济理论构成了农村居民点功能地域分异理论的理论框架。经济发展的区域不平衡、专业化分工的深入、气候、风俗习惯、自然条件等的不同，致使我国不同聚落区农村住宅功能演变所处的阶段各异，其功能表现出明显的区域分异。以生产/生活功能比刻画了这种区域分异。各聚落区域功能比的降序为：北方牧业聚落区 > 长江中下游聚落区 > 东北聚落区 > 江南丘陵聚落区 > 西南聚落区 > 长城沿线聚落区 > 黄土高原聚落区 > 华北聚落区 > 东南沿海聚落区。 在基础设施建设、生态退耕占用大量耕地，耕地后备资源相对紧缺的情况下，我国提出了农村居民点整理，希望借此缓解耕地减少的压力。从来源分析，我国农村居民点整理潜力主要来源于农村宅基地和空闲宅基地。针对潜力的主要来源，我国现有3种农村居民点整理潜力测算方法，其中人均建设用地标准法是潜力的常用测算方法。但由于其缺乏对农村住宅功能区域分异的考虑，缺乏对于农户规模小型化对潜力测算影响的考虑，致使人均建设用地标准法测算的潜力结果明显偏大。以农村住宅功能区域分异规律、农户家庭结构演变规律为基础，对人均建设用地标准法进行了修正，以户数代替人数作为测算因子，户整理标准根据调查结合农村住宅功能确定。 合理的确定户均宅基地标准对准确测算农村居民点整理潜力具有重要意义。依据农户调查数据，拟合出了农村宅基地与农村住宅功能之间的定量关系，建立了农村宅基地 标准的估算模型。结合调查，可合理确定各聚落区域的宅基地用地标准。标准估算结果表明，北方牧业、江南丘陵、长江中下游与西南 4 个聚落区的宅基地标准明显偏小；东北、长城沿线、黄土高原、华北 4 个聚落区域宅基地标准需适当从紧；东南沿海聚落区的宅基地标准较合理。 农村低效建设用地再利用是一个长期性、基础性的工程，需要建立一个维护各方权益的长效机制。基于我国人多地少的基本国情和乡村振兴战略，农村建设用地的整治工作意义重大，其在调动农村生产、促进经济增长、保障耕地面积和粮食产量等方面起到重要作用。农村低效建设用地整理在空间上有很强的区域差异性，制定再开发利用政策规划时应立足具体问题具体分析的原则，对不同地区开展切实有效的治理，同时应依据我国发展的特点，借鉴国外优秀经验，全面研究农村建设用地整理方面的内容，包括实践研究、制度创新等方面，将农村建设用地再利用与生态保护、科技、公共服务和新农 村建设等方面结合，多元化促进我国土地的节约集约利用。
Effect of the Size of A5N Cylindrical Aluminum Specimens on the Cooling Kinetics
Authors: Isfandior Turakhasanov , Ziyovuddin Nizomov , Dilshod Nematov
Published: November 2022

The results of the study of “The influence of the size of cylindrical samples of A5N aluminum on the time and the rate of their cooling” are reported. According to experimental data, the temperature dependence of the heat transfer coefficient for pure metals is calculated. It has revealed that the process of cooling of the aluminum and its alloys has a relaxation behavior. It was found that the main mechanisms of natural air cooling are convection heat transfer and radiation. The characteristic cooling time due to radiation is less due to convection. The contribution of thermal radiation is noticeable at high temperatures. It was found that the characteristic times of cooling due to radiation and convection increase with increase in volume to area ratio of the sample.
HIGHLIGHTS

Cylindrical Al samples were made with dimensions of 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 cm, after cleaning aluminum to grade A5N (99.999 %)
The influence of the dimensions of cylindrical aluminum samples on the time and rate of their spontaneous cooling in air has been studied
It has been established that the samples are cooled mainly due to convective heat transfer and thermal radiation
It became known that the cooling time due to convection is longer than the time due to radiation
It has been found that as the V/S value increases, the cooling time increases

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Effect of Intensity and Wavelength of Illumination on the Photoelectronic Properties of Nanocrystalline CdSe Thin Films
Authors: Sarmh Kangkan , Borah Kamala Kanta
Published: November 2022

Photoelectronic properties of nanocrystalline CdSethin films prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique at room temperature are studied taking its molar concentration as a function. Structural analysis of the deposited thin films shows that change of molarity brings a variation in the crystalline sizes of the thin films. Such thin films show suitable photoelectronic properties for the construction of different optoelectronic devices. The photocurrents are observed to be significantly defect controlled in the visible range of wavelengths. The transport mechanism for the thin films is generally a doubly activated process and the photocurrent decay characteristics curves are found to exhibit 2 different decay times which actually correspond to 2 distinct trap levels.
HIGHLIGHTS

The photoelectronic properties of nanocrystalline CdSe thin films deposited by CBD method are studied
From the XRD of the films diffraction peaks may be indexed to diffraction basically from the (111) plane of zincblende structure
The optical band gap may be varied with the molarity of the solution used for deposition
Photoelectronic properties are dependent of the intensity of different monochromatic illuminations
Photocurrents for the films are basically controlled by the grain boundary defects
Growth and decay of photocurrent are effectively governed by different kind of traps

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT