bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making Connections: Student-Teacher Rapport in Higher Education Classrooms
Authors: Sybing Roehl
Published: December 2019

Educational research asserts the importance of establishing rapport between teachers and their students for the sake of fostering a classroom environment that is conducive to learning. Especially given the disparities in outcomes of university students, it is imperative for educators and policy makers to look at teaching practices in the college classroom as well as policies relevant to teaching and learning in university contexts. This paper reports on an ethnographic study of a college-level academic writing class, centering on how its writing teacher seeks to establish rapport and facilitate understanding with first- and second-year undergraduate students. The findings presented in this paper highlight examples practitioners can examine to validate student knowledge and participation as well as mitigate the effects of differences in identity between teacher and student. This paper closes by inviting discussion and reflection of college-level teachers' practices in the classroom and whether they elicit engagement from students.
Experimentelle Erprobung einer kollisionsfreien Abstandsregelung für mobile Roboter
Authors: Welz Philipp , Fischer Marius , Lunze Jan
Published: December 2019

Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Versuchsanlage SAMS und zeigt deren Eignung für die Erprobung vernetzter Regler anhand einer kollisionsfreien Kolonnenfahrt von mobilen Robotern auf einer Kreisbahn. Im ersten Schritt wird eine unterlagerte Bahnfolgeregelung in einer Zwei-Freiheitsgrade-Struktur entwickelt, die die Bewegung der mobilen Roboter auf eine Kreisbahn beschränkt. Im zweiten Schritt wird der Entwurf einer überlagerten Regelung zur Einhaltung eines Zeitabstandes mobiler Roboter auf der Kreisbahn nach zwei unterschiedlichen Entwurfskriterien beschrieben und verglichen. Damit entsteht als wichtiges Zwischenergebnis ein durch lineare Modelle beschreibbares Multiagentensystem. Die Erprobung bestätigt, dass nur für Roboter, deren geschlossener Regelkreis extern positiv ist, die Kollisionsfreiheit sichergestellt werden kann.
On agent-based decentralized and integrated scheduling for small-scale manufacturing
Authors: Gehlhoff Felix , Fay Alexander
Published: December 2019

Small-scale manufacturing often relies on flexible production systems that can cope with frequent changes of products and equipment. Transports are a significant part of the production flow, especially in the domain of large and heavy workpieces that requires explicit planning to avoid unnecessary delays. This contribution takes a detailed look at how to create feasible integrated schedules within a decentralised or even heterarchical architecture and which information the agents have to exchange. These schedules incorporate constraints such as the blocking-constraint. They also consider dynamic setup and operation durations while finding a good-enough solution. The proposed agent-based solution applies to a wide variety of scheduling problems and reveals positive properties in terms of scalability and reconfigurability.
Pfadfolgeregelung mit Konzepten für den Pfadfortschritt: Ein Assemblierungsszenario
Authors: Hartl-Nesic Christian , Bischof Bernhard , Glück Tobias , Kugi Andreas
Published: December 2019

Kollaborative Roboter halten immer mehr Einzug in der Industrie und enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Mensch und Roboter wird eine zunehmend wichtige Komponente von modernen Produktionsprozessen. Pfadfolgeregelungskonzepte schränken die Roboterbewegung auf einen geometrischen Pfad im Raum ein und stellen damit einen systematischen Ansatz für die Entwicklung sicherer Mensch-Roboter-Interaktionen dar.

In dieser Arbeit werden vier Konzepte vorgestellt, welche die Bewegung entlang des Pfades an Systemgrößen bzw. exogene Einflüsse koppeln: autonomer Modus, kollaborativer Modus, kooperativer Modus und Gestensteuerung. Weiters werden die Reglerparameter an den Pfadfortschritt geknüpft, wordurch das Impedanzverhalten des Roboters entlang des Pfades variiert werden kann. Die Konzepte werden an einem Assemblierungsszenario mit dem Leichtbauroboter Kuka LBR iiwa 14 R820 demonstriert.
Role of Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes in stages of HIV-1 infection among patients from Burkina Faso
Authors: Sorgho Pegdwendé Abel , Djigma Florencia Wendkuuni , Martinson Jeremy James , Yonli Albert Théophane , Nagalo Bolni Marius , Compaore Tégwindé Rebeca , Diarra Birama , Sombie Herman Karim , Simpore Abibou , Zongo Arsène Wendpagnangdé , Ouattara Abdoul Karim , Soubeiga Serge Théophile R. , Traore Lassina , Yelemkoure Edwige T , Kiendrebeogo Isabelle Touwendpoulimdé , Roberts Lewis R. , Simpore Jacques
Published: December 2019

Objectives

A cluster of specialized KIR genes of specialized KIR genes has been shown to be associated with susceptibility or resistance to viral infections in humans. Therefore, this pilot study, this pilot investigation sought to determine the frequencies of KIR genes human immunodeficiency virus type 1( HIV-1) patients and establish their potential clinical involvement in disease progression and staging.

Methods

HIV-1 infected and healthy individuals were selected for this study. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV antibodies and anti-HIV-1/2 antibody/ antigen were screened using a 4th generation ELISA assay (Cobas e 411 Analyzer, Roche Diagnostics GmbH Mannheim, Germany). SSP-PCR was used to evaluate the frequencies of KIR genes. CD4+ T counts and HIV-1 viral load were measured in patients using respectively BD FACSCount and Abbott m2000rt instruments.

Results

We found a significant association between the frequencies of KIR2DL2 (OR=4.41; p < 0.001), KIR2DS2 (OR=4.76; p < 0.001), KIR2DS3 (OR=2.27; p=0.004), KIR2DS4 (OR=1.76; p=0.026), KIR3DS1 (OR=2.43; p=0.016) and HIV-1 infection; whilst the KIR3DL1 gene (OR= 0.39; p < 0.001) was associated with protection against HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 replication was found to be associated with the presence of KIR2DS2 (OR=6.08, p = 0.024). In contrary the pseudogene KIR2DP1 (OR=0.39; p=0.026) were linked to a protective status with the highest number of lymphocyte T CD4 counts.

Conclusion

Our data showed that KIR2DL2, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, and KIR3DS1 were significantly associated with HIV-1 infection whereas KIR3DL1 was associated with protection against HIV-1 infection. Further investigations are needed to fully comprehend the clinical significance of KIR genes in HIV disease progression.
New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
Authors: Vasileva Penka , Dakova Ivanka , Yordanova Tanya , Karadjova Irina
Published: December 2019

Micrometer-sized silica spheres coated with a layer of Cr(VI) imprinted methylimidazolium ionic liquid were synthesized and applied for fast and selective determination of leachable Cr(VI) in fabrics. The silica cores were synthesized via original seeded growth procedure. Formation of ionic liquid layer onto their surface was simultaneously combined with CrO42−imprinting. The sorbent characterization was accomplished by SEM/ EDS, elemental microanalysis, and thermogravimetry. Excellent separation of Cr(VI) from Cr(III) was achieved at pH 3 for 10 minutes in a batch mode. A mixture of ascorbic and nitric acids was found to be the most efficient eluent. The adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model. The sorbent was applied for quantification of Cr(VI) in textile extracts in accordance with international standard ISO105-E04. The analytical procedure developed (LOD 0.015 μg/g (measured by ETAAS), RSD 3−8% for concentration levels of Cr(VI) 0.015-0.5 μg/g) completely meets the requirements of the international textile regulations.
Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
Authors: Kosman J. , Żukowski K. , Juskowiak B.
Published: December 2019

2’-OMe-RNA analogues and LNA point modifications of DNA oligonucleotides were applied for the modulation of the G-quadruplex topology and enhancement of peroxidase activity of the resulting DNAzymes. The effect of the 2’-OMe-RNA analogue was studied for full length modified oligonucleotides with various sequences. In the case of LNA-point modification, we have chosen a telomeric DNA sequence and investigated various numbers of modifications. Our main goal was to prove that the application of these modifications can influence the activity of DNAzyme, especially those, which normally form poor DNAzymes. As an example, we have chosen the telomeric HT22 sequence which is known to form DNAzyme characterized by low activity. In all cases, the DNAzymes formed by a telomeric sequence with the application of the 2’-OMe-RNA analogue as well as LNA-point modification, showed significantly higher peroxidase activity. We were also able to shift the formation of hybrid or antiparallel topology to parallel topology. These results are important for the development of probes for biological applications as well as for the design of probes based on DNA sequences that normally form DNAzymes with low activity. This paper also provides information on how the application of nucleotide analogues can transform the topology of G-quadruplexes.
Construal in language: A visual-world approach to the effects of linguistic alternations on event perception and conception
Authors: Divjak Dagmar ,   †,, Milin Petar ,   †, Medimorec Srdan
Published: December 2019

The theoretical notion of ‘construal’ captures the idea that the way in which we describe a scene reflects our conceptualization of it. Relying on the concept of ception – which conjoins conception and perception – we operationalized construal and employed a Visual World Paradigm to establish which aspects of linguistic scene description modulate visual scene perception, thereby affecting event conception. By analysing viewing behaviour after alternating ways of describinglocation(prepositions),agentivity(active/passive voice) andtransfer(NP/PP datives), we found that the linguistic construal of a scene affects its spontaneous visual perception in two ways: either by determining the order in which the components of a scene are accessed or by modulating the distribution of attention over the components, making them more or less salient than they naturally are. We also found evidence for the existence of a cline in the construal effect with stronger expressive differences, such as the prepositional manipulation, inducing more prominent changes in visual perception than the dative manipulation. We discuss the claims language can lay to affecting visual information uptake and hence conceptualization of a static scene in the light of these results.
Fractional Order PID Controller Design for Multivariable Systems using TLBO
Authors: Bhookya Jailsingh , Kumar Jatoth Ravi
Published: December 2019

The multivariable systems have to control by using multiloop controllers and each closed loop controller has unique characteristics. The successful model structure for design of control system is extremely subject to the accurate choice of the tuning parameters (

K_p, K_i, K_d, \lambda, \mu

) of the controller. The choice of optimal tuning parameters of Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller leads to accurate controlling of desired level in multivariable system. Here, for multivariable system, a FOPID controller design based on the advanced optimization technique called Teaching Learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm is proposed. The goal of paper is (i) The elimination of interaction between the control loops and (ii) Reference tracking along the disturbance in each loop. These objectives are satisfied by using four cost function, namely, integral absolute error (IAE), integral square error (ISE), integral time absolute error (ITAE) and integral time square error (ITSE). Out of these cost functions, ITAE based FOPID controller design using TLBO algorithm provides better performance in terms of fast reference tracking and disturbance elimination in the loop. Moreover, the comparative analysis of convergence characteristics of each objective of the controller by using TLBO is presented. The simulation study confirms that the TLBO algorithm based FOPID controller for multivariable systems (2 × 2) are more robust and exhibits superior response with respect to other algorithm.
Current options in the life cycle assessment of additive manufacturing products
Authors: Výtisk Jan , Kočí Vladimír , Honus Stanislav , Vrtek Mojmír
Published: December 2019

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a manufacturing process that allows for the creation of a physical object from a digital model. Additive manufacturing has a number of advantages over the conventional methods, inter alia the production of very complex machinery components, and a lower consumption of raw materials. Thanks to these advantages, the technology has been booming recently. The paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of additive technologies in the context of environmental impacts using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The paper describes the most important aspects of additive manufacturing, reviews the basic principles and phases of LCA method, including its application in AM, and outlines selected publications dealing with LCA and additive technologies. In conclusion, we recommend the most suitable methodologies to assess environmental impacts of additive technologies. To be specific, LCA is suitable to assess AM as for the material and energy flows, and in general, research in this field is considered highly promising.
On the group of a rational maximal bifix code
Authors: Almeida Jorge , Costa Alfredo , Kyriakoglou Revekka , Perrin Dominique
Published: December 2019

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the group of a rational maximal bifix code Z to be isomorphic with the F-group of

Z
∩
F

{Z\cap F}

, when F is recurrent and

Z
∩
F

{Z\cap F}

is rational.
The case where F is uniformly recurrent, which is known to imply the finiteness of

Z
∩
F

{Z\cap F}

, receives special attention.
The proofs are done by exploring the connections with the structure of the free profinite monoid over the alphabet of F.
Facile One-pot Protocol of Derivatization Nitropyridines: Access to 3-Acetamidopyridin-2-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Derivatives
Authors: Lin Ling , Chen Xiaoguang , Zhao Junhao , Lin Suitao , Ma Guojian , Liao Xiaojian , Feng Pengju
Published: December 2019

This paper discloses an efficient one-pot protocol to convert easily accessible 3-nitropyridines to 3-acetamidopyridin-2-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate derivatives which are core structures of many pharmaceutical molecules. The strategy successfully combined a three-step reaction in one pot via progressively adding different reactants at rt. The reaction displays good functional group tolerance and regioselectivity. Structurally diversified 3-nitropyridine could be time-efficiently (3.5 h) derivatized to various functional 2-O,3-N-pyridines which are apt for further elaborations. The transformation was amenable to gram-scale synthesis.
LncRNA MEG3 inhibits HMEC-1 cells growth, migration and tube formation via sponging miR-147
Authors: Xu Dejun , Liu Tianji , He Liu , Han Dongmei , Ma Ying , Du Jianshi
Published: December 2019

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been identified as a regulatory molecule in angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to illustrate how MEG3 affects the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells. Expression of MEG3, miR-147 and intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) was altered by transfection, then cell viability, apoptosis, migration, tube formation, as well as the correlation among MEG3, miR-147 and ICAM-1 were explored. MEG3 was down-regulated during tube formation of HMEC-1 cells. MEG3 expression suppressed cells viability, migration and tube formation, while it induced apoptosis. MEG3 could bind with miR-147 and repress miR-147 expression. MiR-147 induced ICAM-1 expression, and contained ICAM-1 target sequences. The anti-atherogenic actions of MEG3 were inhibited by miR-147, and the anti-atherogenic actions of miR-147 suppression were also inhibited when ICAM-1 was overexpressed. Further, ICAM-1 overexpression showed activated roles in Wnt/β-catenin and Jak/Stat signaling pathways. In low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)−/− mice, MEG3 overexpression reduced CD68+, CD3+ and ICAM-1 areas in lesions and increased collagen content. MEG3 inhibited HMEC-1 cell growth, migration and tube formation. The anti-atherogenic actions of MEG3 might be mediated via sponging miR-147, and thereby repressing the expression of ICAM-1.
Magnetic Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube as Effective Adsorbent for Ciprofloxacin (CIP) Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Isotherm and Kinetics Studies
Authors: Shokoohi Reza , Dargahi Abdollah , Azami Gilan Roya , Zolghadr Nasab Hasan , Zeynalzadeh Dariush , Molla Mahmoudi Mohammad
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, the presence of antibiotics in the environment has been identified as an important concern for the various life cycle. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption efficiency onto the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) and magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube (MMWCNTs). In this experimental study, the characteristics of the studied adsorbents were determined using SEM, FTIR and XRD methods. The effects of operational parameters including contact time (10–120 min), initial concentration of CIP (10–100 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.1–1 g/L) and pH (3–9) were evaluated. The isotherm and kinetics studies of the CIP adsorption onto the studied adsorbents were also carried out. The adsorption efficiency increases by increasing the contact time and adsorbent dosage, while it increased by increasing the CIP initial concentration. The results showed that higher CIP adsorption efficiency was observed at pH = 7, adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/L, CIP concentration of 30 mg/L and contact time of 120 min. The isotherm and kinetics studies revealed that the CIP adsorption data were better described by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics equation model. It can be concluded that both of these adsorbents have suitable potential to remove the CIP from aqueous solution but this ability is greater in MMWCNTs.
Enzymatic Browning and Color Evolution in Frozen Storage of Two Kinds of Minimally Processed Avocado Puree
Authors: Ospina S. , Ortiz D. L. , Orrego C. E.
Published: December 2019

Avocado puree demand grows with the rise in demand for fruit flavors and healthy food consumption. The aim of this research was to produce a minimally processed fruit puree that retain the color during 6 months of frozen storage and assess a preliminary economic and environmental approach for its industrial production. Mashed avocado pulp was mixed with lemon juice for obtaining raw avocado puree. This material was then mixed with citric acid or exposed to a microwave treatment to obtain Citric acid puree (CAP) and microwave-treated puree (MWP). CAP and MWP were submitted to frozen storage (–10 °C, –14 °C and –18 °C), and each 30 days puree samples were tested for Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Peroxidase (POD) activity and color. While PPO was completely inhibited, POD exhibited sharp reductions, especially for the MWP. Almost all the samples preserved their original color. Economic and environmental impacts were evaluated for a CAP production process.
Practicing Leadership Skills through Peer Mentoring and Teaching: the Lived Experience of BSN Students
Authors: Bright Alicia L.
Published: December 2019

Although leadership theory is introduced in baccalaureate nursing curriculum, opportunities to practice and develop leadership skills are limited for undergraduate nursing students. This study explores the experience of advanced nursing students who provided mentoring and tutoring to beginning nursing students. The experiences they describe are interpreted in light of literature on leadership education in undergraduate nursing schools, as well as that of peer mentoring and peer teaching. These advanced students described opportunities to practice and reflect on leadership skills and attributes. Peer mentoring and peer teaching programs may be an effective and efficient way of helping nursing students gain leadership skills and experience.
A, B, or C? A Quasi-experimental Multi-site Study Investigating Three Option Multiple Choice Questions
Authors: Hartigan-Rogers Jackie A , Redmond Sandra , Cobbett Shelley , Cifuentes Karlene , Honan Deena , Richard Elizabeth , Sheane Vanessa , VanTassell Tamara
Published: December 2019

There is nearly a century of educational research that has demonstrated that three option multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are as valid and reliable as four or five option, yet this format continues to be underutilized in educational institutions. This replication study was a quasi-experimental between groups research design conducted at three Canadian schools of nursing to examine the psychometric properties of three option MCQs when compared to the more traditional four option questions. Data analysis revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the item discrimination, difficulty or mean examination scores when MCQs were administered with three versus four option answer choices.
International Nursing Program Accreditation
Authors: Beasley Sharon Ferguson , Farmer Suzette , Nunn-Ellison Keri , Ard Nell
Published: December 2019

The Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) is committed to being a supportive partner in strengthening the quality of nursing education for all levels of nursing programs domestically and internationally. With a longstanding history of accreditation dating back 66 years, the ACEN accredited its first international program in 2004 adding international accreditation to its repertoire. Recognizing geographic, cultural, and national differences, the ACEN common core of Standards and Criteria equip faculty with autonomy to embrace unique attributes of their programs regardless of location, culture, and nationality. Further, the ACEN review process fosters self-evaluation, peer review, and the promotion of educational equity, access, and mobility. As a result, the number of international nursing programs pursuing and attaining accreditation with the ACEN has increased thus validating the inclusiveness and relevance of the ACEN Standards and Criteria. The purpose of this article is to highlight ways in which ACEN Standards and Criteria apply to domestic and international nursing programs.
Adverse Event Disclosure Training for Nursing Students: Peer Role-Play and Simulated Patients
Authors: Yeung Joanna Wing Yan
Published: December 2019

Background

Simulation has proven valuable in nursing communication training, but there are limited studies comparing the effectiveness of different training methods, especially in the area of adverse event disclosure (AED) training. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of two training methods, peer role-play (PRP) and simulated patients (SP) on the self-efficacy and performance of nursing students in AED in a simulated environment.

Methods

Forty-four nursing students participated. Students’ self-efficacy toward AED was assessed using the pre/post-test method. Also, students’ performance was evaluated after the simulation encounter.

Results

It showed a significant difference in self-efficacy between the groups. However, no significant difference emerged between the groups in performance.

Conclusion

This study provides a basis for comparison of these two methods in patient communication training. Educators should consider their resources and expected learning outcomes in designing the emotionally draining adverse event disclosure training.
The effect of prosodic focus varies by phrasal tones: the case of South Kyungsang Korean
Authors: Lee Yong-Cheol , Kim Dongyoung , Cho Sunghye
Published: December 2019

This study examines the production and perception of corrective focus in South Kyungsang Korean, using phone number strings. It shows that focus prosody varies greatly by tonal pattern (HHL, HLL, LHT, LHL) within phrases. Prosodic focus in High-initial phrases was clearly produced and accurately recognized, compared to that in Low-initial phrases. Additionally, the identification rate of HLL was higher than that of HHL, mainly because the focused initial H of the HHL contrasted with the second H within phrases, in terms of pitch. The results confirm that the encoding of prosodic focus is not uniform within a language; rather, focus prosody within a language can vary depending on the tonal pattern of an utterance.
BEPS Policy Failure—The Case of EU Country-By-Country Reporting1
Authors: Murphy Richard , Janský Petr , Shah Atul
Published: December 2019

The tax gap between taxes that are “actually” paid and taxes that “ought” to have been paid by multinational corporate entities has become an area of huge public policy concern in the recent decades. This study reviews the impact of new legislation to reveal the tax gap created by the EU banks and financial institutions passed in 2013 and in particular of the quality of the resulting country-by-country reporting (CBCR) requirement for banks. Although resulting tax gap estimates are noted, they suffer due to significant problems in the published data; much of it is due to the quality of the regulation requiring its publication and implementation. The findings reveal a lack of understanding of the technical and structural weaknesses of accounting in a transnational context in the design of this regulation. CBCR is destined to fail in achieving its regulatory objectives in this context unless necessary reform of the regulation is undertaken.
A Parametric Study of Hydrogen Fuel Effects on Exergetic, Exergoeconomic and Exergoenvironmental Cost Performances of an Aircraft Turbojet Engine
Authors: Balli Ozgur
Published: December 2019

A comprehensive exergetic, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses of a turbojet engine are performed to determine how the hydrogen fuel usage affects the exergetic and exergoeconomic performances of the turbojet engine. The exergy efficiency of the engine reduces from 15.40 % to 14.33 % while the waste exergy rate increases from 22.31 GJ/h to 24.01 GJ/h. However, the high increase in the fuel cost rate and specific fuel exergy cost with the hydrogen fuel causes that the specific product exergy cost rises up from 134.69 US$/GJ to 355.11 US$/GJ. The environmental impact of CO2 decreases by 99.12 % while the environmental damage cost rate lessens by 112.16 % with hydrogen usage. In this regard, the environmental damage cost rate decreases from 322.50 US$/h to 2.85 US$/h. The exergoenvironmental cost rate is determined to be 869.64 US$/h for jet fuel while it is obtained to be 1429.32 US$/h for hydrogen fuel. In this case, the specific exergoenvironmental cost is calculated to be 214.08 US$/GJ for jet fuel and 355.82 US$/GJ for hydrogen fuel.
Healing the Rift
Authors: Österman Bernt
Published: December 2019

In the introductory “Intellectual Autobiography” of the Georg Henrik von Wright volume of the Library of Living Philosophers series, von Wright mentions the discrepancy he always felt between his narrow logical-analytical professional work and a drive to make philosophy relevant to his life, calling it a rift in his philosophical personality. This article examines the nature of the rift and the various stages the problem went through during von Wright’s career. It is argued that the initial impression that his books The Varieties of Goodness and Explanation and Understanding had contributed to healing the rift, was subdued by a gradual shift in existential focus from individualistic ethics towards a critical concern for destructive ways of thinking inherent in the Western culture, connected with von Wright’s “political awakening” at the end of the 1960s. The most urgent questions of our times called for novel, non-analytical, ways of doing philosophy, employed in von Wright’s later works on science and reason, and the myth of progress. Eventually von Wright’s earlier methodological concerns were also alleviated by his belief that logical-analytical philosophy was inherently unsuitable for exposing the cultural structures it was very much a part of.
Variable Sampling Interval Control Charts for Monitoring the Ratio of Two Normal Variables
Authors: Nguyen Huu Du , Tran Kim Phuc , Goh Thong Ngee
Published: December 2019

It is well documented that the distribution of the ratio between two random normal variables is asymmetric. As a consequence, the two-sided Shewhart control chart monitoring this ratio (denoted as Shewhart-RZ chart) has an average run length–biased property. In order to overcome this drawback, we propose in this article a design for two separated one-sided control charts. Furthermore, we improve the efficiency of the Shewhart-RZ chart by combining the Shewhart chart with a variable sampling interval strategy. The chart performance is then evaluated by using an average time to signal. The numerical results show that our proposed charts outperform the two-sided Shewhart-RZ control chart in detecting process shifts.
“Mohr und Trompeter”: Blackness and Social Status in Early Modern Germany
Authors: Spohr Arne
Published: December 2019

By the end of the seventeenth century, black trumpeters and kettledrummers were employed at many courts of the Holy Roman Empire as symbols of princely magnificence. Their legal and social position within the court hierarchy, and within German society as a whole, has been debated among historians. According to a commonly held view, black performers who had been bought on the international slave market were considered legally free and fully integrated into German society once they had completed a two-year apprenticeship and entered court service. Membership in the Imperial Trumpeters' and Kettledrummers' Guild (requiring proof of free birth) is usually cited as evidence of their free legal status, social integration into German society, and privileged position at court. Drawing on insights from social, religious, and legal history, history of race, and music sociology, my article reevaluates the notion of the frictionless integration of black trumpeters and drummers into Germany's estate-based society by focusing on two case studies: Christian Real (fl. 1643–74) and Christian Gottlieb (fl. 1675–90). As my study of their little-known yet well-documented careers demonstrates, the social position of these black trumpeters was far more fragile than that of their white colleagues. The tension between their blackness, associated with their previous slave status, and their visible roles as court trumpeters associated with princely power sometimes led to conflict and even physical violence. Both case studies suggest that black trumpeters and drummers were more susceptible to discrimination and violence whenever they moved out of the courtly sphere in which they were privileged and protected.
The Modernities of H. Lawrence Freeman
Authors: Gutkin David
Published: December 2019

H. Lawrence Freeman's “Negro Jazz Grand Opera,” Voodoo, was premiered in 1928 in Manhattan's Broadway district. Its reception bespoke competing, racially charged values that underpinned the idea of the “modern” in the 1920s. The white press critiqued the opera for its allegedly anxiety-ridden indebtedness to nineteenth-century European conventions, while the black press hailed it as the pathbreaking work of a “pioneer composer.” Taking the reception history of Voodoo as a starting point, this article shows how Freeman's lifelong project, the creation of what he would call “Negro Grand Opera,” mediated between disparate and sometimes apparently irreconcilable figurations of the modern that spanned the late nineteenth century through the interwar years: Wagnerism, uplift ideology, primitivism, and popular music (including, but not limited to, jazz). I focus on Freeman's inheritance of a worldview that could be called progressivist, evolutionist, or, to borrow a term from Wilson Moses, civilizationist. I then trace the complex relationship between this mode of imagining modernity and subsequent versions of modernism that Freeman engaged with during the first decades of the twentieth century. Through readings of Freeman's aesthetic manifestos and his stylistically syncretic musical corpus I show how ideas about race inflected the process by which the qualitatively modern slips out of joint with temporal modernity. The most substantial musical analysis examines leitmotivic transformations that play out across Freeman's jazz opera American Romance (1924–29): lions become subways; Mississippi becomes New York; and jazz, like modernity itself, keeps metamorphosing. A concluding section considers a broader set of questions concerning the historiography of modernism and modernity.
Performing Lieder, Hearing Race: Debating Blackness, Whiteness, and German Identity in Interwar Central Europe
Authors: Thurman Kira
Published: December 2019

When African American concert singers began to perform German lieder in central Europe in the 1920s, white German and Austrian listeners were astounded by the veracity and conviction of their performances. How had they managed to sing like Germans? This article argues that black performances of German music challenged audiences' definitions of blackness, whiteness, and German music during the transatlantic Jazz Age in interwar central Europe. Upon hearing black performers masterfully sing lieder by Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, and others, audiences were compelled to consider whether German national identity was contingent upon whiteness. Some listeners chose to call black concert singers “Negroes with white souls,” associating German music with whiteness by extension. Others insisted that the singer had sounded black and therefore un-German. Race was ultimately the filter through which people interpreted these performances of the Austro-German musical canon. This article contributes to a growing body of scholarship that investigates how and when audiences began to associate classical music with whiteness. Simultaneously, it offers a musicological intervention in contemporary discourses that still operate under the assumption that it is impossible to be both black and German.
Popular Narratives and Mestizo Horsemen: Creating a Racial Ideal in Nineteenth-Century Mexico, 1844–1896
Authors: Moreno E. Mark
Published: December 2019

Between 1844 and 1896, two archetypal figures on horseback known as rancheros and chinacos were disseminated through print publications. As war with the United States loomed in 1844, a relatively obscure Mexican writer depicted the ranchero as a “true national type” in a popular magazine. Eighteen years later another archetype on horseback, the chinaco, appeared in newspaper propaganda designed to provoke resistance against an imminent French advance into the Mexican interior. Later writers, such as Justo Sierra and Antonio García Cubas, imbued such figures with racialized mestizo qualities and heroic martial traits, equating mestizo blood with strength and martial capabilities that could build a more advanced Mexican state. The depiction of both figures as of mixed-race origins was a popular perception that carried over into the Porfirian years. This article traces the origins of these figures in popular reading during the years in which Mexico dealt with war with the United States, a civil war, and finally the French Intervention. Through an analysis of popular reading and intellectual commentaries, supplemented by archival research, mestizaje as a foundational concept of Mexican nationhood is traced to these early depictions.

Entre 1844 y 1896, las publicaciones impresas de México difundieron dos figuras arquetípicas a caballo, conocidas como rancheros y chinacos. Cuando se avecinaba la guerra con Estados Unidos, un oscuro escritor mexicano describió al ranchero como un “verdadero tipo nacional” en una revista popular. Dieciocho años más tarde, otro arquetipo a caballo, el chinaco, apareció en la propaganda periodística diseñada para incitar a la resistencia contra un inminente avance francés hacia el interior de México. Más adelante, escritores como Justo Sierra y Antonio García Cubas infundieron tales figuras con las cualidades racializadas del mestizo y los rasgos marciales heroicos, equiparando la sangre mestiza con la fuerza y las capacidades marciales necesarias para construir un Estado mexicano más avanzado. La representación de ambas figuras como mezcla de razas constituyó una percepción popular que se mantuvo durante los años del Porfiriato. El presente artículo rastrea los orígenes de estos dos arquetipos en las lecturas populares durante los años en que México libró una guerra contra Estados Unidos, una guerra civil y, finalmente, lidió con la intervención francesa. A través de un análisis de las lecturas populares y los comentarios intelectuales, complementado con una investigación de archivo, se rastrea el origen del mestizaje en cuanto concepto fundacional de la idea de nación mexicana hasta estas representaciones.
Latin American Émigrés in Post-Revolutionary Mexican Classrooms: From Exiles to Renowned Academics (1934–1940)
Authors: Mir Sebastián Rivera
Published: December 2019

This article analyzes how Latin American academics and students, in many cases exiled from their countries, interacted with pedagogical concerns during the government of Lázaro Cardenas. Using examples of Chilean, Peruvian, Argentinian, Venezuelan, and other Latin American militants, and placing a focus on socialist education, this paper discusses experiences of individuals who arrived in post-revolutionary Mexico, seeking to engage with the pedagogical changes proposed by Cardenism. Methodologically, this research makes use of autobiographies, archival sources, and secondary bibliography in order to discuss some of the traces left by these émigrés.

El presente artículo analiza cómo académicos y estudiantes latinoamericanos, en muchos casos exiliados de sus países, se relacionaron con los procesos educativos impulsados por el gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas. Recurriendo a ejemplos de chilenos, peruanos, argentinos, venezolanos y otros militantes latinoamericanos, con un énfasis especial en la educación socialista, el presente texto intenta comprender las experiencias de quienes arribaron al México pos revolucionario buscando vincularse a los cambios educativos propuestos por el Cardenismo. Metodológicamente, esta investigación recurrió a autobiografías, fuentes de archivo y bibliografía secundaria, con el objetivo de analizar las huellas dejadas por estos emigrados.
No palco da psicoterapia: um adolescente, seu drama e o Psicodrama
Authors: Maçaneiro Ariany , Oliveira de Almeida Viviane
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de evidenciar as possibilidades do psicodrama bipessoal diante do drama de um adolescente, demonstrando sua evolução. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa nas modalidades pesquisa-ação e estudo de caso. O manuscrito expõe técnicas como psicodrama em cena aberta, concretização, jogo de papéis, átomo social e psicograma, além da atividade “autor e protagonista da própria história”, a qual concretizou as conquistas do paciente. Este trabalho conclui que o psicodrama bipessoal possui um vasto arsenal de técnicas, por meio das quais um adolescente passou a se reconhecer como autor e protagonista de sua história, e que o psicodramatista pode validar “seu psicodrama”, ancorado por sua teoria.
Novas direções para o plantão psicológico: o psicodrama como referencial
Authors: Douglas Vieira Érico
Published: December 2019

O plantão psicológico é uma intervenção clínica que acolhe o cliente diante de alguma dificuldade circunstancial. Os desenvolvimentos teórico-práticos nessa modalidade deram-se no referencial da abordagem centrada na pessoa, predominantemente. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se investigar as possibilidades de fundamentação dos plantões no referencial do psicodrama. Os diários de campo produzidos a partir das intervenções realizadas com pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social foram objetos de análise qualitativa. Os resultados demonstraram que o trabalho com recursos de ação pode ser uma importante estratégia clínica para potencializar a expressão do sofrimento dos clientes, e que a construção de um campo intersubjetivo baseado no conceito de tele, permeado pela afetividade e pela autenticidade, é uma contribuição psicodramática para o trabalho com pessoas marginalizadas.
The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure: A useful option for routine outcome monitoring in Latin America
Authors: Paz Clara , Evans Chris
Published: December 2019

Latin American mental health services are moving from the psychiatric hospital model to a community-based model. The effectiveness of these new services needs to be evaluated and that can be done through routine outcome monitoring. The present communication introduces the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), a free instrument, supported with rigorous psychometric exploration, and which has been translated to Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese that can be used for monitoring purposes across the region.
Terapia do papel profissional: uma modalidade socionômica de trabalho
Authors: Maria Soares Barros Luiza , Ribeiro Dias Alcione
Published: December 2019

A terapia do papel profissional é uma modalidade de trabalho sociopsicodramático, referenciado na teoria de papéis e articulado à pedagogia psicodramática. Tem por objetivo tratar e desenvolver o papel social de maior presença na vida contemporânea – o papel profissional. É um processo que favorece escolhas e consciência da realidade externa em que o papel se insere. A contextualização do trabalho como atividade humana gera mais sentido e significado, podendo transformar o sujeito, os vínculos e a própria realidade social.
Pictodrama e psicodrama bipessoal: a aplicabilidade da técnica de imagens com colagens
Authors: Kim Bocca Czarnobai Rafael , Pereira Bernardes Márcia
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar a aplicabilidade da técnica de imagens com colagens, pictodrama, no setting clínico, buscando compreendê-la como recurso psicoterápico. A pesquisa qualitativa teve como base a investigação de um estudo de caso clínico. O uso do pictodrama permitiu à paciente experienciar a distância entre a narrativa individual e seus conteúdos internos. Os resultados encontrados no estudo de caso com a paciente possibilitaram seu autoconhecimento sobre como ela ordena suas experiências e dinâmicas emocionais, permitindo uma reorganização interna.
O vínculo amoroso sob a perspectiva psicodramática
Authors: Jorgiane Silva Davila Wanessa , do Nascimento Gonçalves Yadja
Published: December 2019

O artigo visa analisar o vínculo amoroso sob a perspectiva psicodramática. Tal vínculo se constitui por meio da escolha mútua entre pessoas. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que busca aproximar a teoria à prática clínica, no atendimento psicoterápico bipessoal por uma psicoterapeuta iniciante. Conclui-se que a forma como o indivíduo se vincula amorosamente é perpassada por suas histórias afetivas primárias e a psicoterapia psicodramática favorece a rematrização dos vínculos.
Prevalence and Implications of Contamination in Public Genomic Resources: A Case Study of 43 Reference Arthropod Assemblies
Authors: Francois Clementine M , Durand Faustine , Figuet Emeric , Galtier Nicolas
Published: December 2019

Thanks to huge advances in sequencing technologies, genomic resources are increasingly being generated and shared by the scientific community. The quality of such public resources are therefore of critical importance. Errors due to contamination are particularly worrying; they are widespread, propagate across databases, and can compromise downstream analyses, especially the detection of horizontally-transferred sequences. However we still lack consistent and comprehensive assessments of contamination prevalence in public genomic data. Here we applied a standardized procedure for foreign sequence annotation to 43 published arthropod genomes from the widely used Ensembl Metazoa database. This method combines information on sequence similarity and synteny to identify contaminant and putative horizontally-transferred sequences in any genome assembly, provided that an adequate reference database is available. We uncovered considerable heterogeneity in quality among arthropod assemblies, some being devoid of contaminant sequences, whereas others included hundreds of contaminant genes. Contaminants far outnumbered horizontally-transferred genes and were a major confounder of their detection, quantification and analysis. We strongly recommend that automated standardized decontamination procedures be systematically embedded into the submission process to genomic databases.
Simulation-Based Evaluation of Three Methods for Local Ancestry Deconvolution of Non-model Crop Species Genomes
Authors: Cottin Aurélien , Penaud Benjamin , Glaszmann Jean-Christophe , Yahiaoui Nabila , Gautier Mathieu
Published: December 2019

Hybridizations between species and subspecies represented major steps in the history of many crop species. Such events generally lead to genomes with mosaic patterns of chromosomal segments of various origins that may be assessed by local ancestry inference methods. However, these methods have mainly been developed in the context of human population genetics with implicit assumptions that may not always fit plant models. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of three state-of-the-art inference methods (SABER, ELAI and WINPOP) for local ancestry inference under scenarios that can be encountered in plant species. For this, we developed an R package to simulate genotyping data under such scenarios. The tested inference methods performed similarly well as far as representatives of source populations were available. As expected, the higher the level of differentiation between ancestral source populations and the lower the number of generations since admixture, the more accurate were the results. Interestingly, the accuracy of the methods was only marginally affected by i) the number of ancestries (up to six tested); ii) the sample design (i.e., unbalanced representation of source populations); and iii) the reproduction mode (e.g., selfing, vegetative propagation). If a source population was not represented in the data set, no bias was observed in inference accuracy for regions originating from represented sources and regions from the missing source were assigned differently depending on the methods. Overall, the selected ancestry inference methods may be used for crop plant analysis if all ancestral sources are known.
Evolution of Specialization in Heterogeneous Environments: Equilibrium Between Selection, Mutation and Migration
Authors: Mirrahimi Sepideh , Gandon Sylvain
Published: December 2019

Adaptation in spatially heterogeneous environments results from the balance between local selection, mutation, and migration. We study the interplay among these different evolutionary forces and demography in a classical two-habitat scenario with asexual reproduction. We develop a new theoretical approach that goes beyond the Adaptive Dynamics framework, and allows us to explore the effect of high mutation rates on the stationary phenotypic distribution. We show that this approach improves the classical Gaussian approximation, and captures accurately the shape of this equilibrium phenotypic distribution in one- and two-population scenarios. We examine the evolutionary equilibrium under general conditions where demography and selection may be nonsymmetric between the two habitats. In particular, we show how migration may increase differentiation in a source–sink scenario. We discuss the implications of these analytic results for the adaptation of organisms with large mutation rates, such as RNA viruses.