bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representaciones colectivas y sociedades
Authors: Vallée Lionel
Published: June 2017

Pese a las muchas investigaciones emprendidas por diversos especialistas de las ciencias humanas sobre u no u otro aspecto del proceso de la representación simbólica colectiva, seguimos lejos de una teoría global que considere todos los aspectos de este proceso y que los incorpore en el conjunto de los comportamientos sociales. Estamos aún en las teorías intermedias, como la de Tumer para el ritual, la de Lévi-Strauss para la mitología, la de Middleton para la brujería, etc. Además, como bien lo dice Godelier, aún está por elaborarse la teoría marxista de la religión. De modo que los antecesores de cada uno de ellos, Frazer, Tylor, Durkheim, etc., se hallan todavía en el meollo de las grandes explicaciones.* Représentations colletives et societés, en "La rupture entre l'entreprise et les hommes", A. Chanlat y M. Dofour, 1985, Quebéc - Ameriqué, París-Montreal, pp. 195-242.
Antropología de la Comunicación y Cultura Empresarial: El Caso Cascades
Authors: Aktouf Omar , Chrétien Michel
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo intenta establecer, sobre la base de una investigación empírica realizada en la empresa Cascades que las "culturas organizacionales" que realmente llegan a forjarse e instalarse no se logran como resultado de una acción deliberada y artificial de "ingeniería". Estas culturas sólo pueden construirse mediante un compartir ante todo cosas concretas. Los elementos claves en este proceso son: el compartir al máximo aspectos de la vida de la organización, como las utilidades, la información, las decisiones, los locales, los materiales, etc. y la aplicación en los hechos de un discurso y una filosofía empresarial que deliberadamente rompa con las tradiciones administrativas más cimentadas, mediante el privilegio absoluto de lo oral, la apertura y la transparencia, la confianza y la autonomía generalizadas, el respeto y la valoración del empleado, la ausencia de puestos de supervisión y control, la cercanía y disponibilidad de los directivos, etc.* Omar Aktouf y Michel Chrétien. L 'A nthropologieie la communicationet la culture d'entreprise: le cas Cascades. Ponencia en lnternational Conference on Organizational Symbolism, Universidad del Québec. Montreal, junio de 1986.
La reforma del Estado en Colombia: entre el ajuste fiscal y fortalecimiento de la participación ciudadana
Authors: Correa Young Rosalía
Published: June 2017

La reforma del Estado en Colombia y la descentralización, desde que se aprobó el Acto legislativo 01 de 1986, pasando por los acuerdos institucionales, plasmados en la Constitución de 1991 y referidos a esta materia, así como la normatividad actual, son analizados en este artículo a la luz de los enfoques teóricos que estimularon un nuevo modelo de Estado, a partir de la percepción respecto del agotamiento del Estado de bienestar, interventor y asistencial. El artículo explica la dinámica en Colombia frente a dos paradigmas: uno proveniente de la sociología y la ciencia política que define la reforma desde una perspectiva policéntrica y uno proveniente de la economía neoclásica que ofrece una perspectiva mercadocéntrica. La primera encuentra fortalezas para la democratización, la equidad, la superación de los desequilibrios regionales y la inclusión social. La segunda, el posicionamiento de las lógicas del mercado con la reducción, o desaparición de la intervención del Estado en aquellas funciones que los privados pueden resolver más eficientemente. Uno y otro colocan a la sociedad civil en un protagonismo activo, sea político, en su relación con el Estado; sea económico, en su relación con el mercado, pero ambos la conciben como actor de primera línea
Los retos del gobierno multinivel y compartido para las políticas públicas. Del Estado relojero al Estado futbolista
Authors: Roth Deubel André Noël
Published: June 2017

La acción administrativa está confrontada a una mutación profunda de la naturaleza de los problemas públicos que pretende abordar y, en lo posible, mitigar o resolver. Esta transformación de los problemas públicos hace necesario no solamente repensar las instituciones y administraciones públicas en función de fronteras y de segmentaciones nuevas (descentralización, federalismo, reforma administrativa, fusión, reparto de competencias, delegación, contratación, etc.) sino que implica una refundación profunda de la concepción misma de la acción pública. La necesaria reforma política administrativa implica también un cambio cultural. Para mostrar el sentido de estas mutaciones, es preciso partir de una presentación de la concepción de la administración tradicional de las políticas públicas para situar los cambios  contemporáneos. Por medio del uso de diferentes metáforas profesionales se tratara de resaltar las líneas de fuerza que caracterizan la evolución de la labor administrativa para concluir con el esbozo de una propuesta de un Estado renovado que se adosa en una concepción democrática radical de la acción pública
Análisis de las finanzas públicas del municipio de Medellín (2002-2005)
Authors: López González Mauricio , Mesa Callejas Ramón Javier
Published: June 2017

Es claro que para el buen desarrollo de las políticas públicas, es necesario un buen manejo de los recursos oficiales y mantener un presupuesto equilibrado que de lugar a tener una mejor focalización del gasto público social, al mismo tiempo que se provee un mayor grado de flexibilidad en la aplicación de políticas de gobierno en beneficio de la comunidad. En este ensayo, se exponen los principales componentes del comportamiento de las finanzas municipales del Municipio de Medellín en los últimos años, destacando las acciones emprendidas para lograr un manejo sano y equilibrado del presupuesto público. Básicamente, se describe el comportamiento del rubro de los ingresos municipales y su evolución con los recientes cambios en el marco legislativo y regulatorio nacional - Ley 617 de 2000 y Ley 819 de 2003-, además de contextualizar las finanzas del municipio dentro del ámbito nacional, departamental y regional
The Birth of Autotune and the Loop of (West) German Identity
Authors: Shahan Cyrus
Published: June 2017

Audible in the technological aesthetics of West German post punk
is a 1980s strategy for escaping the political, cultural, and aesthetic contradictions
of a nation trapped by the compulsion to, reconstruction of, and march
toward a democratic state. Through the bands Die tödliche Doris and Pyrolator,
this article locates potential sonic escapes from the canonical legacy of
German experience in post punk’s technological turn. Against the confinement
of the Federal Republic’s attendant freedoms, the logic of technologically
driven post punk sought to avoid the hermetic fate of associative social
forces past and to test the Federal Republic’s experiential limits of liberation
and confinement.
DIY, im Eigenverlag: East German Tamizdat LPs
Authors: Howes Seth
Published: June 2017

Between 1983 and 1989, as the two German pop music industries
continued to license one another’s properties, and Amiga continued releasing
American and British records, five long-playing records were released by
independent labels based in Western Europe that contained music recorded
in the German Democratic Republic. They were then smuggled out of the
country rather than formally licensed for release abroad. Existing outside the
legal framework underlying the East German record industry, and appearing
in small pressings with independent labels in West Germany and England,
these five tamizdat LPs represent intriguing reports from the margins on the
mutual entanglement of the two Germanies’ pop music industries. Closely
examining these LPs’ genesis and formal aspects, this article explores how
independent East German musicians framed their own artistic itineraries with
respect to (or in opposition to) the commercial pop circuit, as they worked
across borders to self-release their music.
Death in June and the Apoliteic Specter of Neofolk in Germany
Authors: Hall Mirko M.
Published: June 2017

The musical aesthetics of neofolk has held a significant place
within Germany’s dark alternative scene since the early 1980s. With its keen
interest in paganism, dark romanticism, and völkisch mysticism, this genre is
often associated with right-wing ideologies. Neofolk has been accused by
some of creating acceptable social spaces for fascist cultural ideals, and by
others for harnessing contradictory right-wing messages as new modes of aesthetic
creativity and provocation. This article explores the continued popularity
of the English band, Death in June, in Germany and seeks to problematize
critics’ attempts to unequivocally characterize the band and genre as nostalgia-
laden hipster fascism.
Open versus percutaneous instrumentation in thoracolumbar fractures: magnetic resonance imaging comparison of paravertebral muscles after implant removal
Authors: Ntilikina Yves , Bahlau David , Garnon Julien , Schuller Sébastien , Walter Axel , Schaeffer Mickaël , Steib Jean-Paul , Charles Yann Philippe
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE

Percutaneous instrumentation in thoracolumbar fractures is intended to decrease paravertebral muscle damage by avoiding dissection. The aim of this study was to compare muscles at instrumented levels in patients who were treated by open or percutaneous surgery.

METHODS

Twenty-seven patients underwent open instrumentation, and 65 were treated percutaneously. A standardized MRI protocol using axial T1-weighted sequences was performed at a minimum 1-year follow-up after implant removal. Two independent observers measured cross-sectional areas (CSAs, in cm2) and region of interest (ROI) signal intensity (in pixels) of paravertebral muscles by using OsiriX at the fracture level, and at cranial and caudal instrumented pedicle levels. An interobserver comparison was made using the Bland-Altman method. Reference ROI muscle was assessed in the psoas and ROI fat subcutaneously. The ratio ROI-CSA/ROI-fat was compared for patients treated with open versus percutaneous procedures by using a linear mixed model. A linear regression analyzed additional factors: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Pfirrmann grade of adjacent discs, and duration of instrumentation in situ.

RESULTS

The interobserver agreement was good for all CSAs. The average CSA for the entire spine was 15.7 cm2 in the open surgery group and 18.5 cm2 in the percutaneous group (p = 0.0234). The average ROI-fat and ROI-muscle signal intensities were comparable: 497.1 versus 483.9 pixels for ROI-fat and 120.4 versus 111.7 pixels for ROI-muscle in open versus percutaneous groups. The ROI-CSA varied between 154 and 226 for open, and between 154 and 195 for percutaneous procedures, depending on instrumented levels. A significant difference of the ROI-CSA/ROI-fat ratio (0.4 vs 0.3) was present at fracture levels T12–L1 (p = 0.0329) and at adjacent cranial (p = 0.0139) and caudal (p = 0.0100) instrumented levels. Differences were not significant at thoracic levels. When adjusting based on age, BMI, and Pfirrmann grade, a significant difference between open and percutaneous procedures regarding the ROI-CSA/ROI-fat ratio was present in the lumbar spine (p < 0.01). Sex and duration of instrumentation had no significant influence.

CONCLUSIONS

Percutaneous instrumentation decreased muscle atrophy compared with open surgery. The MRI signal differences for T-12 and L-1 fractures indicated less fat infiltration within CSAs in patients who received percutaneous treatment. Differences were not evidenced at thoracic levels, where CSAs were smaller. Fat infiltration was not significantly different at lumbar levels with either procedure in elderly patients with associated discopathy and higher BMI. In younger patients, there was less fat infiltration of lumbar paravertebral muscles with percutaneous procedures.
Hormonal images related nursing mothers breast cancer risk in Semarang
Authors: Anggorowati - , Susilowati Dwi , Zubaidah -
Published: June 2017

Background: A mother who does not breastfeed or unable to breastfeed has a high risk to get breast cancer. Breastfeeding quality in women is influenced by prolactin and oxytocin. The prolactin activates breastmilk production while oxytocin is an important factor in breast milk releasing. Currently, the result of 6-month exclusive breastfeeding program is still below the national target. Therefore, the procedures to assess breastfeeding potential by understanding the hormonal profile should be taken immediately after parturition period.Methods: The study was conducted to 32 first-day postpartum women in the Semarang City Hospital. The sampling method was a purposive sampling. The blood samples were taken 10 hours after postpartum period. The serum analysis used ELISA techniques to measure the oxytocin, prolactin and betaendorphin hormones.Results: The study showed that the breastfeeding mothers are in the age of 15-43 years old. Most of them are working-postpartum-mothers (71.9%). The average oxytocin levels of this sample group is 346 pg/ml, while the average prolactin level in of 245.36 ng/ml, and the average beta-endorphin level is 190.41. There is a correlation between the frequency of breastfeeding with prolactin level (p = 0.001). Moreover, there is also a correlation between breast-milk production with the prolactin (p = 0.005). Similarly, there is a correlation between beta-endorphin hormone with oxytocin (p = 0.000).Conclusion: Breast cancer risk can be reduced through breastfeeding at the age of less 35 years old. Every breastfeeding mother should regularly release breastmilk through breastfeeding as well as milking.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.413-417
Patterns of Blood Pressure of Young Sports Persons of Dinajpur BKSP
Authors: Khan Md Shahid
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Hypertension (HTN)/ high blood pressure (BP) is the most common cardiovascular condition affecting athletes. It is one of the critical challenges to care of a young athlete with high BP readings. For young competitive athletes, BP measurement should be performed during the pre-participation physical examination (PPE). BP has a significant influence of the physiological response to exercise. For child and adolescent athletes, an annual PPE is recommended by Sports medicine organizations. The aim of the study was to observe the patterns of present BP of the young sports persons of Dinajpur BKSP, Bangladesh.Materials and methods: This study was cross-sectional with convenient sampling technique and BP was measured by Auscultatory method.Results and Discussion: The results Showed no significant difference in diastolic BP among the young sports person of Dinajpur BKSP. A slight high systolic BP was observed only in one cricket student (130 mm Hg) which might be needed further investigation.Conclusion: Detecting high BP early will improve a childs health. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce or prevent the harmful consequences of this disease. For young athletes, BP should be measured annually to maintain their resting heart rate in normal limit for fitness.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.439-442
Carcinoma skin in association with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia; a case report
Authors: Arshad Syed , Zaffar Saquib , Mir Abdul Wahid , Bhat Manzoor A
Published: June 2017

Hydroxyurea (HU) is a cytostatic agent used to treat myeloproliferative disorders including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the long term use of which has been seen to be associated with multiple skin disorders. The purpose of this study was to report concomitant occurrence of multiple skin carcinomas in patients on HU & consider an alternative chemotherapeutic agent for myeloproliferative disorders.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.464-466
Thesis Abstracts Vol.2(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: June 2017

No abstract available
Initial Experience with Endoscopic Ultrasound
Authors: Shil Bimal Chandra , Banik Ranjit Kumar , Saha Shasanka Kumar , Faruque Md. Omar , Islam ASM Nazmul , Rahman Md. Habibur
Published: June 2017

Since its introduction in early 1990s, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become integral to the diagnosis and staging of various luminal, extraluminal gastrointestinal (GI) and certain non-GI lesions. There is no data on EUS experience in Bangladesh. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the initial recent experience and clinical impact of EUS. All EUS procedures data were recorded prospectively from July 2013 to December 2014. These included patients demographics, referral details, provisional diagnosis, management plan before and after EUS & indications of procedures. EUS-FNA data recorded included details regarding site, number of passes and histological diagnosis. Two  hundred & four EUS procedures were carried out over one  and half years. Male female ratio was 1.4:1, mean age was 46.4±20 years. Of these procedures 148 (72.5%) were referrals from physicians and 56 (27.5%) were from surgeons. Most common indications were pancreatobiliary pathologies, esophageal & gastric pathologies. Pancreatobiliary lesions (n=165, 80.9%) included patients with (A) Benign pathologies: Microliths in Gall baldder (n=6), Gall stones (n=12), Biliary ascarrisis (n=22), Choledocholithiasis (n=42), Acute Pancreatitis (n=9), Chronic Pancreatitis (n=15), Pancreatic pseudocysts(n=4) (B) Malignant Pathologies : GB Carcinoma(n=4), Cholangiocarcinoma (n=29), Ca-pancreas (n=9 ), Periampullary carcinoma ( n=12).Esophageal lesion was 9.3% (n = 19) of total procedures. Forty seven percent (n=9) of EUS procedures on esophagus were for staging of esophageal malignancy, 10. 5% (n=2) for restaging or recurrence after chemoradiation and 21% (n=4) for submucosal lesions. Fifteen EUS procedures were carried out for gastric lesions, 07 were for staging of gastric carcinoma, 04 were for assessment of submucosal lesions (e.g. GIST, lipoma or external  compression), 02 for assessment of polyps and 02 for gastric ulcers.In clinical impact & outcome study, changes in diagnosis, management, avoidance of investigations and usefulness of EUS were evaluated. Diagnosis was changed in 34.4% (64/186) & management was changed in 45%(92/204). Additional investigation was avoided in 57.8% (118/204). This is the first report of Bangladesh experience of EUS to date. EUS is safe, accurate, cost effective & very useful tool for diagnosis and management of G.I. disorders.
Growth and salinity tolerance of wheat genotypes at early vegetative stage
Authors: Uddin MS , Jahan N , Monim MA
Published: June 2017

Growth and salinity tolerance study of wheat genotypes were conducted at regional agricultural research station to evaluate the selected wheat genotypes against salinity and to classify the wheat genotypes in different salt tolerant group. The experiment was carried out with 12 wheat genotypes under semi-controlled environment (inside plastic greenhouse) and natural light in a randomized complete block (RCBD).The materials were evaluated under control (non-saline) and 16 dS/m salinity level. A significant variation among the genotypes was observed for shoot length under both environments. The lowest reduction (2%) was found from G11 followed by G40 (4%). The genotypes showed differences in production of total shoot dry matter (TDM) at both non-saline and saline conditions.  The relative TDM per plant (% TDM to control condition) appears that three genotypes (G24, G33and G40) produced 90% RTDM. Salt tolerant genotype was found to be less affected at high salinity and could be produced better TDM compared to other genotypes. Three genotypes G24, G33 and G40 exhibited tolerant category. The distribution pattern of the genotypes into various salinity tolerance groups indicates that the overall pattern of behaviors of the genotypes tested remain fairly constant under two methods (based on RTDM and visual scoring).Progressive Agriculture 28 (1): 12-17, 2017
Effect of variety and water management on the growth and yield of Boro rice
Authors: Murshida S , Uddin MR , Anwar MP , Sarker UK , Islam MM , Haque MMI
Published: June 2017

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during December 2014 to May 2015 to examine the effect of variety and water management system on the growth and yield performance of boro rice. The experiment consisted of three varieties (cv. BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan29 and Binadhan-14) and four water management systems (viz. Traditional flooding, non-flooded rice straw mulching, non-flooded water hyacinth mulching and non-flooded no mulching). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Different growth characters, yield and yield contributing characters of boro rice were found to the significantly influenced by variety, water management system and their interactions. At 100 DAT, the highest plant height, maximum number of tillers hill-1, dry matter of shoot hill-1 and dry matter of root hill-1were obtained from BRRI dhan29 and the lowest values were found in Binadhan-14. At 100 DAT, the highest plant height, maximum number of tillers hill-1, dry matter of shoot hill-1 and dry matter of root hill-1 were obtained in non-flooded rice straw mulching treatment and the lowest ones were obtained from non-flooded no mulching treatment. Variety had significant effect on all the crop characters under study except 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield was obtained from BRRI dhan29 and the lowest value was recorded from Binadhan-14. Water management system was also significantly influenced all crop characters. The highest grain yield was recorded from non-flooded rice straw mulching treatment and the lowest grain yield was found from non-flooded no mulching treatment. The interaction of variety and water management system showed that BRRI dhan29 with non-flooded rice straw mulching resulted in the highest grain yield whereas the lowest yield was observed from the interaction of Binadhan-14 with non-flooded no mulching treatment. The result of the experiment suggests that BRRI dhan29 can be grown economically with non-flooded rice straw mulching treatment.Progressive Agriculture 28 (1): 26-35, 2017
Estimation of supplemental irrigation for Aman rice cultivation in Bogra and Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Sen R , Karim NN , Islam MT , Adham AKM
Published: June 2017

A study was carried out to analyze the rainfall and evapotranspiration for successful planning of two aman rice varieties i.e., BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan34 in Bogra and Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh. Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) was determined by employing the FAO Penman-Monteith method. By multiplying ET0by crop coefficient (Kc) actual evapotranspiration of the two rice varieties at different growth stages was determined. Probability analysis was done by Weibulls method and the expected rainfall and actual evapotranspiration at 75% probability level were estimated for different growth stages of BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan34 for 14 years. The results revealed that the ETc varied over the total growing season. After probability analysis, the supplemental irrigation was calculated for BRRI dhan33 during mid and late stages; but for BRRI dhan34, it was calculated during development, mid and late stages in Bogra and Dinajpur districts. The study was found quite effective to assess the water availability period for aman cultivation and to indicate when supplemental irrigation is necessary. These results may enable to optimize utilization of valuable water resources and will help to create an irrigation schedule for BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan34 for their successful cultivation.Progressive Agriculture 28 (1): 42-54, 2017
Role of Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Maeda Yuichi , Takeda Kiyoshi
Published: June 2017

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease, caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Recently, investigators have focused on the gut microbiota, which is thought to be an environmental agent affecting the development of RA. Here we review the evidence from animal and human studies that supports the role of the gut microbiota in RA. We and others have demonstrated that the abundance of Prevotella copri is increased in some early RA. We have also used gnotobiotic experiments to show that dysbiosis in RA patients contributed to the development of Th17 cell-dependent arthritis in intestinal microbiota-humanized SKG mice. On the other hand, Prevotella histicola from human gut microbiota suppressed the development of arthritis. In summary, Prevotella species are involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis.
Identification of a Novel O-Conotoxin Reveals an Unusual and Potent Inhibitor of the Human α9α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Authors: Jiang Shantong , Tae Han-Shen , Xu Shaoqiong , Shao Xiaoxia , Adams David J. , Wang Chunguang
Published: June 2017

Conotoxins are a pool of disulfide-rich peptide neurotoxins produced by cone snails for predation and defense. They are a rich reservoir of novel ligands for ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors and transporters in the nervous system. In this study, we identified a novel conotoxin component, O-conotoxin GeXXVIIA, from the venom of Conus generalis. The native form of this component is a disulfide-linked homodimer of a 5-Cys-containing peptide. Surprisingly, our electrophysiological studies showed that, in comparison to the folded monomers, the linear peptide of this toxin had the highest inhibitory activity at the human α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), with an IC50 of 16.2 ± 1.4 nM. The activities of the N-terminal and C-terminal halves of the linear toxin are markedly reduced compared with the full-length toxin, suggesting that the intact sequence is required to potently inhibit the hα9α10 nAChR. α9α10 nAChRs are expressed not only in the nervous system, but also in a variety of non-neuronal cells, such as cochlear hair cells, keratinocytes, epithelial and immune cells. A potent inhibitor of human α9α10 nAChRs, such as GeXXVIIA, would facilitate unraveling the functions of this nAChR subtype. Furthermore, this unusual nAChR inhibitor may lead to the development of novel α9α10 nAChR-targeting drugs.
Mineralogical Characteristics and Preliminary Beneficiation of Nickel Slag from Reduction Roasting-Ammonia Leaching
Authors: Guo Zhengqi , Zhu Deqing , Pan Jian , Zhang Feng
Published: June 2017

The reduction roasting ammonia leaching process (RRAL) originally defined by Caron (1950) has been extensively applied to treat low grade nickel laterite and a large amount of slag-containing some valuable metals, has been generated and accumulated over the years since then. However, there are no reports on how to utilize it based on its essential properties. In this investigation, the textural and mineralogical characterization of the typical nickel slag from RRAL in Western Australia was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results show that the nickel slag is dominated by magnetite, maghemite, gangue minerals and minor Cr-spinel. The magnetite and maghemite possess simple distribution relationship with other minerals and their particles are highly variable with most over 50 μm, which are easily able to be recovered. In term of the complex association and distribution feature of chromium and nickel minerals, it is very difficult to recovery them. Meanwhile, an economically viable extraction process was proposed to preliminarily utilize the nickel slag based on textural and mineralogical characteristics of the slag, and the magnetic concentrate, assaying about 62% iron grade at over 75% recovery rate, was obtained through the recommended method.
Subcritical Water Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Anderson Heather , Yang Yu
Published: June 2017

Reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is a commonly used separation and analysis technique. RPLC typically employs mixtures of organic solvents and water or aqueous buffers as the mobile phase. With RPLC being used on a global scale, enormous quantities of organic solvents are consumed every day. In addition to the purchasing cost of the hazardous solvents, the issue of waste disposal is another concern. At ambient temperature, water is too polar to dissolve many organic substances. Therefore, although water is nontoxic it cannot be used to replace the mobile phase in RPLC since organic analytes will not be eluted. Subcritical water chromatography may be an alternative. The characteristics of water, such as polarity, surface tension, and viscosity, can be altered by manipulating water’s temperature, thus making it behave like an organic solvent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of separation using water mobile phase and detection by an electrochemical (EC) detector. The classes of analytes studied were neurotransmitters/metabolites, nucleic acids/heterocyclic bases, and capsaicinoids. Both isothermal and temperature-programmed separations were carried out. The separation temperature ranged from 25 to 100 °C. For separations of all three classes of solutes, the retention time was decreased with increasing temperature, thus shortening the analysis time. The peaks also became narrower as temperature increased. The limit of detection of neurotransmitters/metabolites ranges from 0.112 to 0.224 ppm.
UV-Curable Aliphatic Silicone Acrylate Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Coatings with Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Jankauskaitė Virginija , Lazauskas Algirdas , Griškonis Egidijus , Lisauskaitė Aistė , Žukienė Kristina
Published: June 2017

The most effective means to protect against bacterial invasion and to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections are antibacterial components synthesis. In this study, a novel process for the synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid coatings containing silver nanoparticles is presented. Silver nanoparticles and polymer formation proceeds simultaneously through the in situ photoreduction of silver salt to silver nanoparticles and UV-crosslinking of bifunctional aliphatic silicone acrylate. The nanocomposite films with 0.5–1.43 wt % of silver nanoparticles concentration were obtained and investigated. The formation of silver nanoparticles in polymer matrix was confirmed via UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Our investigations clearly show the formation of silver nanoparticles in silicone acrylate network. Direct photoreduction of silver salt by UV-radiation in the organic media produced silver nanoparticles exhibiting cubic crystal structure. The size of nanoparticles was determined to be near 20 ± 5 nm. The antibacterial activities of coatings were determined using the disc diffusion and direct contact methods. UV-curable silicone acrylate hybrid coatings exhibited antibacterial activity against harmful bacteria strains.
Development and Positioning Accuracy Assessment of Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning Algorithms by Combining GPS Code-Pseudorange Measurements with Real-Time SSR Corrections
Authors: Kim Miso , Park Kwan-Dong
Published: June 2017

We have developed a suite of real-time precise point positioning programs to process GPS pseudorange observables, and validated their performance through static and kinematic positioning tests. To correct inaccurate broadcast orbits and clocks, and account for signal delays occurring from the ionosphere and troposphere, we applied State Space Representation (SSR) error corrections provided by the Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) in South Korea. Site displacements due to solid earth tide loading are also considered for the purpose of improving the positioning accuracy, particularly in the height direction. When the developed algorithm was tested under static positioning, Kalman-filtered solutions produced a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.32 and 0.40 m in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. For the moving platform, the RMSE was found to be 0.53 and 0.69 m in the horizontal and vertical directions.
Design and Validation of a Breathing Detection System for Scuba Divers
Authors: Altepe Corentin , Egi S. , Ozyigit Tamer , Sinoplu D. , Marroni Alessandro , Pierleoni Paola
Published: June 2017

Drowning is the major cause of death in self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) diving. This study proposes an embedded system with a live and light-weight algorithm which detects the breathing of divers through the analysis of the intermediate pressure (IP) signal of the SCUBA regulator. A system composed mainly of two pressure sensors and a low-power microcontroller was designed and programmed to record the pressure sensors signals and provide alarms in absence of breathing. An algorithm was developed to analyze the signals and identify inhalation events of the diver. A waterproof case was built to accommodate the system and was tested up to a depth of 25 m in a pressure chamber. To validate the system in the real environment, a series of dives with two different types of workload requiring different ranges of breathing frequencies were planned. Eight professional SCUBA divers volunteered to dive with the system to collect their IP data in order to participate to validation trials. The subjects underwent two dives, each of 52 min on average and a maximum depth of 7 m. The algorithm was optimized for the collected dataset and proved a sensitivity of inhalation detection of 97.5% and a total number of 275 false positives (FP) over a total recording time of 13.9 h. The detection algorithm presents a maximum delay of 5.2 s and requires only 800 bytes of random-access memory (RAM). The results were compared against the analysis of video records of the dives by two blinded observers and proved a sensitivity of 97.6% on the data set. The design includes a buzzer to provide audible alarms to accompanying dive buddies which will be triggered in case of degraded health conditions such as near drowning (absence of breathing), hyperventilation (breathing frequency too high) and skip-breathing (breathing frequency too low) measured by the improper breathing frequency. The system also measures the IP at rest before the dive and indicates with flashing light-emitting diodes and audible alarm the regulator malfunctions due to high or low IP that may cause fatal accidents during the dive by preventing natural breathing. It is also planned to relay the alarm signal to underwater and surface rescue authorities by means of acoustic communication.
Perceptions of Challenges Facing Rural Communities: An Importance–Performance Analysis
Authors: Deng Jinyang , McGill David , Arbogast Douglas
Published: June 2017

Although several studies have focused on understanding attitudes held by local residents and/or other stakeholders toward the economic, environmental, and social/cultural impacts of tourism, very little research has examined the challenges and opportunities facing rural communities from the perspectives of multistakeholders. To fill this research void, this study uses the stakeholder theory as its foundation to examine challenges and opportunities facing the Appalachian Forest Heritage Area (AFHA) from the perspectives of both community leaders and residents using a modified, mean-centered importance–performance analysis (IPA). Results indicate that community leaders and residents are highly consistent in their perceived challenges facing the AFHA, with marketing, community leadership, and financial investment being identified by both groups as the most salient challenges that the AFHA needs to concentrate efforts on. Secondary priority identified by both groups relates to collaboration and partnership with tourism industry, the AFHA, and surrounding communities. The study also shows that the modified, mean-centered IPA is more effective, if judged by the iso-rating line, than either the data-centered approach or the scale-centered approach to identify priorities for improvement. Research implications and future research needs are also discussed.
An eco-compatible strategy for the diversity-oriented synthesis of macrocycles exploiting carbohydrate-derived building blocks
Authors: Maurya Sushil K , Rana Rohit
Published: June 2017

An efficient, eco-compatible diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) approach for the generation of library of sugar embedded macrocyclic compounds with various ring size containing 1,2,3-triazole has been developed. This concise strategy involves the iterative use of readily available sugar-derived alkyne/azide–alkene building blocks coupled through copper catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction followed by pairing of the linear cyclo-adduct using greener reaction conditions. The eco-compatibility, mild reaction conditions, greener solvents, easy purification and avoidance of hazards and toxic solvents are advantages of this protocol to access this important structural class. The diversity of the macrocycles synthesized (in total we have synthesized 13 macrocycles) using a set of standard reaction protocols demonstrate the potential of the new eco-compatible approach for the macrocyclic library generation.
SPATIAL PERCEPTION AND IMPACT IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT / ERDVĖS SUVOKIMAS IR POVEIKIS EDUKACINĖJE APLINKOJE
Authors: Brukštutė Grėtė
Published: June 2017

The article examines the concept of “space”, based on other researchers’ works, examined spatial perception process, factors that determine a different every human perception of space, analysing the impact of architectural spaces on the perceiver. The most attention is focused on educational spaces, because in the lithuanian context there is a lack of information on the subject. In the article author is keeping the opinion that physical environment becomes a factor or measure, helping not only to seek for the best learning results, but also achieve the best state of being of the learner. Therefore the article attempt to identify those principles of space formation which could stimulate children’s cognitive skills and help to design a quality educational environment. Based on the analyzed theories of certain features of the spaces is provided on specific examples of schools. Straipsnyje, remiantis kitų tyrėjų veikalais, aiškinamasi „erdvės“ sąvoka, nagrinėjamas erdvės suvokimo procesas, veiksniai, lemiantys skirtingą kiekvieno žmogaus erdvės suvokimą, analizuojamas architektūrinės erdvės poveikis suvokėjui. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama edukacinėms erdvėms, nes lietuviškame kontekste trūksta informacijos šia tema. Straipsnyje laikomasi nuostatos, jog fizinė erdvė gali tapti veiksniu ar priemone, kuri padėtų siekti ne tik geriausių mokymosi rezultatų, bet ir palankiausiai besimokančio asmens būsenai sukurti. Todėl straipsnyje bandoma identifikuoti tuos erdvių formavimo principus, kurie galėtų skatinti kognityvinius vaikų gebėjimus bei padėtų sukurti kokybišką edukacinę aplinką. Remiantis išanalizuotomis teorijomis tam tikrų erdvių bruožai pateikiami remiantis konkrečių mokyklų pavyzdžiais.
PHENOMENON OF SENSE OF THE PLACE AS AN INTEGRAL DIMENSION OF CITYSCAPE IDENTITY (KAUNAS CASE) / VIETOS JAUSMO REIŠKINYS KAIP NEATSIEJAMAS MIESTOVAIZDŽIO IDENTITETO DĖMUO (KAUNO MIESTO ATVEJIS)
Authors: Povilaitienė Ingrida , Kamičaitytė-Virbašienė Jūratė
Published: June 2017

The paper intends to examine the sense of the place phenomenon. The generic hypothesis is that there are certain factors which determine a particular level of sense of the place and at the same time the overall place identity. In order to test this hypothesis, it is necessary: to overview concepts of cityscape identity and sense of the place and their research methodology; to identify residents’ sense of the place in the specific urban environment; to assess the significance of the sense of the place predictors distinguished in the related literature in the particular case; to find out what factors, according to the residents, are the most important to their place attachment; to reveal positive and negative aspects of the certain urban territories; to distinguish the most preferred areas from the total urban structure and to find out the reasons for the appeal; by summarizing the results, to identify the factors that enhance the sense of place, and thus the overall cityscape identity. Kaunas city and its neighbourhoods were chosen for the case study The methods of the research include: the overview of the scientific literature, the semi-structured interview with Kaunas residents; systematization, comparison and generalization of all collected data. Šiame straipsnyje gilinamasi į vietos jausmo reiškinį ir atskleidžiama jo reikšmė holistiniam miestovaizdžio identitetui. Pirminė tyrimo hipotezė teigia, kad egzistuoja tam tikri veiksniai, kurie nulemia vienokį ar kitokį vietos jausmo lygį, kartu ir bendrą vietos identitetą. Siekiant patikrinti šią hipotezę reikia apžvelgti miestovaizdžio identiteto ir vietos jausmo sampratas bei jų tyrimų metodiką; nustatyti gyventojų vietos jausmą konkrečioje urbanistinėje aplinkoje; konkrečiu atveju įvertinti literatūroje išskiriamų vietos jausmo prognozinių rodiklių įtaką; išsiaiškinti, kokie veiksniai, anot gyventojų, lemia jų prisirišimą prie vietos; atskleisti konkrečių urbanistinių teritorijų teigiamus elementus ir neigiamus aspektus; iš bendros urbanistinės struktūros išskirti patraukliausias teritorijas ir išsiaiškinti jų patrauklumo priežastis; apibendrinus rezultatus, nustatyti veiksnius, stiprinančius vietos jausmą, o kartu ir bendrą miestovaizdžio identitetą. Atvejo studijai pasirinktas Kauno miestas ir jo mikrorajonai. Tyrimo metodai apima susijusios mokslinės literatūros apžvalgą, pusiau struktūrinę Kauno miesto gyventojų apklausą, duomenų susisteminimą, palyginimą ir apibendrinimą.
DUMBWAITER IN 19TH CENTURY LITHUANIAN GENTRY HOMES / MAISTO KELTUVAS LIETUVOS BAJORŲ NAMUOSE XIX A.
Authors: Daraškevičius Marius
Published: June 2017

Dumbwaiters in the nineteenth century Lithuanian gentry homes – a rare and today almost extinct engineering equipment. The aim of this research is to examine still existing and extinct dumbwaiters, to name the occurring cause of their emergence, determine the specific location in the house plan and connections to other premises and to present the operation scheme of the dumbwaiter. The research is based on in-situ sources, iconographic material, periodicals, research through comparative and synthesis methods. One dumbwaiter, four shafts without equipment, and two others have been detected and investigated with the fact of their existence. The results made it possible to present the image and functioning of dumbwaiters in the food supply system. It is expected that this study will help the new owners understand not only acquired cultural and historical value of manor houses, but also the culture of the nobility, which are adapted to the architecture and reflected the needs of the owners of everyday life culture.
Maisto keltuvai XIX a. Lietuvos bajorų namuose – reta ir beveik išnykusi inžinerinė įranga. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti išlikusius ir išnykusius maisto keltuvus, įvardyti jų atsiradimo prielaidas, nustatyti būdingą vietą pastate ir ryšius su kitomis patalpomis, pateikti maisto keltuvo veikimo schemą. Tyrimo metu atlikus in situ, šaltinių ir ikonografinės medžiagos tyrimus, taikant analizės, lyginamąjį ir sintezės metodus, aptiktas ir tirtas vienas išlikęs maisto keltuvas, keturios šachtos, kitų – buvimo faktas. Tai leido pateikti gana išsamų maisto keltuvo ir jo funkcionavimo maisto tiekimo sistemoje vaizdą. Tikimasi, kad šis tyrimas ne tik papildys bajorijos kultūros, prie kurios prisitaikė architektūra, atliepdama savininkų kasdienybės poreikius, pažinimo lauką, bet ir padės naujiesiems savininkams suprasti įsigyto nekilnojamojo turto kultūrinę bei istorinę vertę, rūpintis jos išsaugojimu.
Kepler Planet Masses and Eccentricities from TTV
Analysis
Authors: Hadden Sam , Lithwick Yoram
Published: June 2017

We conduct a uniform analysis of the transit timing variations (TTVs) of 145
planets from 55 Kepler multiplanet systems to infer planet
masses and eccentricities. Eighty of these planets do not have previously
reported mass and eccentricity measurements. We employ two complementary methods
to fit TTVs: Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations based on
N-body integration, and an analytic fitting approach. Mass
measurements of 49 planets, including 12 without previously reported masses,
meet our criterion for classification as robust. Using mass and radius
measurements, we infer the masses of planets’ gaseous envelopes for both our TTV
sample and transiting planets with radial velocity observations. Insight from
analytic TTV formulae allows us to partially circumvent degeneracies inherent to
inferring eccentricities from TTV observations. We find that planet
eccentricities are generally small, typically a few percent, but in many
instances are nonzero.
Análise estrutural do município de Mineiros/GO para implantação da cidade digital
Authors: Fernandes Claudinei De Sousa , Carniello Monica Franchi
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho analisa as estruturas existentes e necessárias no âmbito da gestão pública municipal para efetivação da implantação da cidade digital em Mineiros - Goiás. Como procedimento metodológico, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa e documental e de campo. Foram entrevistados os gestores responsáveis pela área de TI do município e analisados documentos disponibilizados pela prefeitura, a fim de identificar leis e normas a respeito da implantação. Este estudo comprova o potencial do município para a implantação da cidade digital, favorecido por possuir instalados diversos dispositivos e recursos tecnológicos. Conforme o relato dos gestores nas entrevistas, verifica-se interesse para a implantação da Cidade Digital, embora nos documentos pesquisados não foram encontradas leis ou normas sobre o tema. As TIC são ferramentas essenciais para ampliar a participação da sociedade na gestão pública e sua aplicação propicia melhoramento na interatividade entre estas partes.
Démographie, démographes et « révolution des données » en Afrique
Authors: Moultrie Tom A.
Published: June 2017

Les Objectifs de développement durable (ODD) et la « révolution des données » présentent des défis particuliers sur le plan de la collecte, de l’analyse, de la diffusion et de l’accès aux données en Afrique. Cet article interroge ces multiples défis, du point de vue de la communauté des démographes, et les situe dans une théorie plus générale de l’économie politique des statistiques publiques. L’auteur conclut que sans investissements conséquents et systématiques dans les systèmes de collecte, de production et de diffusion des données pour le développement de la région, et sans une meilleure compréhension du rôle des statistiques officielles dans la construction de l’État moderne, les perspectives d’un suivi exhaustif des ODD et d’une « révolution des données » en Afrique semblent compromises.
L’élaboration de comptes patrimoniaux de finances publiques en Afrique
Authors: Raffinot Marc
Published: June 2017

Le système de statistiques de finances publiques et plus généralement de comptabilité nationale patrimoniale est recommandé aux pays africains pour leur transparence et l’amélioration de la gestion macroéconomique et budgétaire. Toutefois, les coûts de mise en place d’un tel système sont souvent sous-estimés, de même que la pertinence des concepts qui le sous-tendent. Inversement, les avantages mis en avant risquent d’avoir du mal à se concrétiser dans le contexte économique et financier actuel, marqué notamment par une exclusion quasi totale des marchés financiers qui rend illusoire une approche de gestion actif/passif. Il est de plus difficile de penser qu’un changement de modèle comptable pourra porter tous ses fruits dans des contextes de mauvaise gouvernance. Il est donc probablement plus pertinent de mettre l’accent sur les améliorations qui pourraient être effectuées sans modifier le cadre comptable, notamment en termes de contrôle de la dépense publique et de comptabilisation des arriérés de paiement.