bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Insights in Drug-likeness and ADMT Properties of -dienes Resemble of Geranial
Authors: SERDAROĞLU Goncagül
Published: December 2023

This research aims to analyze the drug development potential of geranial, a naturally occurring compound known for its medicinal properties, through in-depth ADMT (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Toxicity) profiling and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, at B3LYP/6-311G** level and basis set. The optimized and confirmed structures of the data set were used for further computations. The FMO "Frontier Molecular Orbital" energies and MEP "Molecular Electrostatic Potential" were considered to elucidate the possible reactivity features and regions of the molecules, respectively. Concurrently, DFT calculations helped to elucidate the compound's electronic properties and structural stability, further affirming its suitability for drug development. These findings emphasize the potential of compounds structurally related to geranial in the pharmaceutical field and underline the necessity of similar evaluations for novel drug candidates, ensuring safety and efficacy while mitigating potential risks to human health and the environment.
Avrupa Konseyi İyi Yönetim Yasası ve Türkiye’deki Uygulamalar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: AKBIYIK İdris , DURSUN Tuncay
Published: December 2023

Bu makalenin amacı iyi yönetim modelinin unsurlarını ve uluslararası mevzuatını anlatmak ve Türkiye’deki uygulamalarını değerlendirmektir. Öncelikle iyi yönetim modelinin gelişimi ve anlamı hakkında bilgiler verildikten sonra iyi yönetimin ilke ve kurallarını içeren uluslararası mevzuata değinilmektedir. Son olarak Avrupa Konseyi İyi Yönetim Yasasının başlıca ilke ve kurallarının Türkiye’de nasıl anlaşıldığı ve uygulandığı açıklanmaktadır. İyi yönetim demokrasi, insan hakları ve hukukun üstünlüğü ilkesiyle bağlantılıdır. İyi yönetim hakkında özellikle Avrupa Birliği ve Avrupa Konseyi çeşitli kararlar almıştır. Avrupa Konseyi İyi Yönetim Yasasının ilke ve kurallarının birçoğu Türk hukuk sisteminde yer almakla birlikte uygulama da bazı sorunlar vardır. Türk kamu yönetiminin etkili kamu hizmeti sunma bilincini arttırmaya ihtiyacı olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.
Investigation of the Energy Audit Annual Consumption of 1.000 TOE
Authors: Aydın Fatih , Çankaya Bekir
Published: December 2023

Ülkemiz enerji kullanımın %70’ini dış ülkelerden sağlamaktadır. Enerji ithalatı yüzünden cari açığımız artmaktadır. Bu yüzden enerjinin verimli kullanımı ülkemiz açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Konut ve sanayi sektöründe enerji verimlilik potansiyeli ülkemiz açısından oldukça yüksektir. Literatürde enerji birimi olarak ton eşdeğer petrol kullanılmaktadır ve enerji birimleri arasında dönüşüm sağlanmaktadır. Ülkemizde yıllık enerji tüketimi 1000 Ton eşdeğer petrol üstü olan endüstriyel işletmeler için zorunlu olarak enerji etüdü çalışması yapılma süresi dört yıldır. Bu çalışmada yıllık enerji tüketimi bin ton eşdeğer petrol üzeri olan bir endüstriyel işletmenin üç yıllık enerji maliyeti ve enerji tüketimi incelenmiş, enerji verimliliğini artıracak ve enerji maliyetini azaltacak önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Çalışma yapılan işletme gıda sektöründe faaliyet göstermektedir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda endüstriyel işletmeye önerilen sayesinde yıl bazında 128 ton eşdeğer petrol enerji tasarrufu sağlanabileceği tespit edilmiştir.
Սոցիալական մեդիան և գրադարանները
Authors: Աշուղյան Ասպրամ
Published: December 2023

The challenges of the 21st century dictate that libraries keep up with the times. It is impossible to imagine a modern library without the professional and active work in social media platforms. It is through this work and using library marketing tools that it becomes possible to publicize the library, attract new patrons, and establish contacts with the users all over the world.
Մխիթարեան միաբանութեան Վիեննայի մենաստանի պարբերականների թվայնացման նախագծի առաջին փուլի արդյունքների ներկայացում
Authors: Զարգարյան Տիգրան
Published: December 2023

In 2019 Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in close cooperation with Mekitarist Congregation – Vienna and Fundamental Scietific Library of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia initiated a project – to digitize Armenian periodical and newspaper collections being prereved in the Mekitarist Congregation – Vienna library. The library website https://mechitaristlibrary.org/ presents the periodical and newspaper collections published between 1794 and 1920 from the Vienna Mekhitarist Library. All digitized materials are stored in the databases of the Fundamental Scientific Library of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, and are freely accessible to all. The digitization of materials is continuous, and content will be made available in the corresponding databases and websites when ready. The project also pursues other goals: openness to the international scientific world, access to knowledge for all Armenians and the international scientific and academic community, strengthening of the Armenian language, promotion and development of research work, as well as the promotion of collaboration between inter-Armenian and various Armenian and international organizations.
Pathological Outcomes of Eyelid Tumors
Running title: Eyelid Tumors
Authors: Savur Fatma , Uran Merve , Oyur G , Kaya Fatma , m Havva , Kobat Sabiha , zmen Hazal
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the pathological outcomes, demographic and clinical features of benign and malignant tumors of the eyelid.
Methods: The records of patients who were operated on for eyelid tumors in the oculoplastic surgery unit of our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. The age and sex of the patient, the location and laterality of the tumor, the histopathological diagnosis of the lesion, and whether it was benign or malignant were recorded.
Results: A total of 251 patients who were operated on for eyelid tumors and underwent histopathological examination were included in the study. Histopathological results showed benign eyelid tumors in 230 patients (91.6%) and malignant eyelid tumors in 21 patients (8.4%). The age of the patients in the malignant eyelid tumors group was significantly higher than in the benign eyelid tumors group (p<0.001). The localization rate on the right side was significantly higher in malignant eyelid tumors compared to benign eyelid tumors (p=0.003). The lower eyelid localization rate was significantly higher in malignant eyelid tumors than benign eyelid tumors (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Although the majority of eyelid tumors are benign, the pathological results of the patients are extremely important so that malignant masses that appear benign are not overlooked. It should be kept in mind that these tumors have a high probability of malignancy, especially in advanced age and lower eyelid locations, and may lead to serious morbidity if treated late.
Comparison of pachymetry values during crosslinking with different riboflavin solutions
Authors: k Ay , Uluta Hafize
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To compare the effect of two different riboflavin solutions we use in the accelerated crosslinking (CXL) process on the pachymetry value.
Materials and Methods: Patients who had accelerated CXL treatment with dextran-free riboflavin solution due to progressive keratoconus were retrospectively screened. Thirty-seven eyes of 27 patients (group 1) treated with Hydroxyl Propyl MethylCellulose (HPMC) and 0.1% riboflavin containing solution and 29 eyes of 23 patients (group 2) treated with D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene-glycol 1000 succinate (VE-TPGS) and 0.1% riboflavin containing solution were compared in terms of pachymetry changes during treatment.
Results: In groups 1 and 2, the mean age was 23.92 ± 5.66 and 23.30 ± 4.89, respectively. Mean age, gender, initial keratometry values, mean central corneal thickness (CCT) before and after epithelial debridement did not differ significantly between the two groups. The CCT measured after riboflavin instillation was 453.22 ± 37.48 μ in the group 1 and 479.34 ± 38.54 μ in the group 2. After instillation of riboflavin, according to the initial CCT, there was an average thinning of 21.57 ± 16 μ in the group 1 and 18.72 ± 22.13 μ thickening in the group 2. According to the CCT measured after epithelial debridement, a thickening of 20.70 ± 21.77 μ in the group 1 and 62.76 ± 21.65 μ in the group 2 was observed. The rate of change of CCT after riboflavin instillation of significant differences existed between both groups. (p<0.001).
Conclusion: VE-TPGS, which is utilized to increase the cornea's permeability to riboflavin tissue during crosslinking treatment, significantly increases the corneal thickness compared to HPMC and provides a safer tissue thickness for ultraviolet A.
Numb Chin Syndrome as a Presenting Central Nervous System Metastasis of
Prostate Cancer: A Case Report

Running Title: Prostat Cancer Associated Numb Chin Syndrome
Authors: kaya enda , rker Mehmet , PAYDA Semra
Published: December 2023

Introduction: NCS is also known as mental nerve neuropathy and is a rare sensory neuropathy. There are many benign and malign etiologic factors for this rare syndrome. This syndrome may be the first sign of systemic cancer or advanced manifestation of known cancer, both have poor prognosis. We present a case with NCS associated with prostate cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis.
Case report: A 71-year-old male who has prostate adenocarcinoma, admitted to the medical oncology clinic with fatigue and intermittent epistaxis. He had anemia, thrombocytopenia and high lactate dehydrogenase. He had numbness in the chin and lower lip. Brain MRI showed findings suggestive of leptomeningeal disease
Discussion: NCS is a rare syndrome, can develop due to benign or malignant diseases. NCS may be the first sign of the underlying malignancy, and sometimes it can be a sign of progression or recurrence of underlying malignancy. Leptomeningeal metastases of prostate cancer are extremely rare. all patients with NCS with or without malignancy should be kept in mind the possibility of both jaw and cranial malignancies and should be investigated accordingly.
Effects of delay in botulinum toxin treatment on patients with hyperkinetic facial disorders
Authors: Kula Asl , ne Zeliha , zel Vildan
Published: December 2023

Objective: Hyperkinetic facial disorders include Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB) and Hemifacial Spasm (HFS), which involve involuntary facial muscle contractions. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is essential for relieving symptoms. The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic-related restrictions have led to delays in receiving BTX treatment. This study aims to assess the impact of BTX treatment delays of affected patients.

Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively examined the data of 84 patients (68 HFS and 16 BEB) whose BTX appointments were delayed due to COVID-19 restrictions. Patient status was evaluated using Jankovic disability rating scale (JRS) scores, and administered BTX doses were documented and compared before and after lockdown.

Results: After the BTX treatment delay, the JRS scores significantly increased from an average of 2.15±0.98 before the lockdown to 3.10±1.01 after the lockdown (p<0.001). Furthermore, there was a noticeable increase in the average BTX treatment dose after the lockdown, from 36.45±1.32 units to 39.25±1.28 units (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Longer intervals between injections may increase disease severity and the effective BTX doses in patients with HFS and BEB. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of timely BTX therapy in managing hyperkinetic facial disorders.
The intraoperative frozen section analysis of thyroid nodules categorized under Bethesda III-IV-V, accompanied by concurrent imprint cytology as a diagnostic technique
Authors: Hacihasanoglu Ezgi , Topcuoglu Osman
Published: December 2023

Objective: Addressing therapeutic challenges posed by thyroid nodules classified under Bethesda categories III-IV-V is a primary concern. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic outcomes of intraoperative frozen section (IFS) when applied to these specific thyroid nodules, alongside evaluating the diagnostic performance of IFS when used in conjunction with concurrent imprint cytology (IC).
Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in the electronic hospital database to retrieve IFS results and final diagnosis of cases with category III-IV-V thyroid nodules. These patients had undergone nodule resection or partial thyroidectomy with IFS. We gathered information regarding patient demographics, nodule dimensions, and the execution of concurrent IC.
Results: Our study comprised 81 eligible patients. Female/male ratio was 3.2. Mean patient age was 43.5 years. Average nodule size was 21.7 mm. IC was conducted in 20 cases as part of the IFS procedure. Sensitivity and specificity of IFS were 71% and 95%, respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 83% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 90%. Diagnostic accuracy of IFS was 88%. We stratified cases into those with and without CIC. IFS with IC exhibited a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of 80%, 93%, 80%, 93%, respectively. In contrast, IFS without IC had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV values of 68%, 95%, 83%, 90%, respectively.
Conclusion: Inconsistent pathological assessments and varying malignancy rates present challenges when managing Bethesda category III-IV-V thyroid nodules. In addressing these challenges, IFS emerges as a potential effective method. Nonetheless, IFS exhibits restricted sensitivity in detecting malignancies within Bethesda category III-IV-V nodules. Inclusion of concurrent IC has the potential to improve the precision of IFS in identifying malignancies. A more extensive study in this regard is warranted.
Prediction of Brucellosis Based on Hematological Biomarkers via Ensemble Classification Methods
Authors: ahin Ahmet , elik Mehmet , Ceylan Mehmet , nda Deniz , z Esra , er Nevin , Alkan Sevil
Published: December 2023

Aim: Some hematological changes are frequently observed in the clinical course of brucellosis. This study aimed to predict the diagnosis of brucellosis based on some hematological biomarkers with the help of ensemble classification methods.
Materials and Methods: A total of 23 ensemble classification methods, including 10 bagging, 9 boosting, and 4 stacking approaches were applied to the brucellosis data set. Each subject in the brucellosis data set contains 13 features, including age, gender, and 10 hematological variables.
Results: This study included a total of 257 participants [173 (67.3%) brucellosis patients and 84 (32.7%) healthy controls]. The mean values of white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), neutrophil (NEUT), neutrophil/lymphocytes (NEUT/LYMP), and monocytes/lymphocytes (MO/LYMP) of brucellosis patients were found to be significantly lower than those of healthy controls. Random Forest with Gini criterion (RF2) was selected to be the best fit model with a mean accuracy of 0.728. HGB (mean score = 0.1814), age (0.1311), NEUT/LYMP (0.0938), WBC (0.0817) and mean platelet volume (MPV) (0.0815) were determined as most diagnostic parameters in brucellosis.
Conclusion: The lower levels of HGB, WBC, and NEUT/LYMP and higher levels of age and MPV may be important indicators for the diagnosis of brucellosis.
SLEEPINESS, SOCIAL ANXIETY, AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN ADOLESCENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: k Emine
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: The negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on a global scale and the resulting changes in daily life habits have significantly influenced the growth and development of adolescents. Adolescents have been deeply affected in physical, mental, and social aspects, both by COVID-19 itself and its psychological impact. This study aims to assess the sleepiness, social anxiety, and blood pressure status of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods: A total of 412 adolescents in the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics and questions related to COVID-19, the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Scale (CASS), and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A). The students' blood pressure was measured in a classroom setting.

Results: It was determined that 23.1% of the adolescents participating in the study had experienced COVID-19, and 42.7% of them had family members who had also had COVID-19. It was found that adolescents who had not experienced COVID-19 reported higher levels of emotions such as fear, distress, and sadness (P<0.05). A positive correlation was identified between the sleepiness status of adolescents and their social anxiety (r = 0.368, p = 0.000). The systolic blood pressure of adolescents was found to be 7.3% high-normal and 9.7% high. Diastolic blood pressure was determined to be 3.6% high-normal and 1.7% high. A significant difference in diastolic blood pressure was identified between those who had experienced COVID-19 and those who had not (P<0.05).

Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is observed that adolescents experience moderate levels of sleepiness and social anxiety. Hence, adolescents have been affected psychologically and physiologically during the COVID-19 pandemic. The short and long-term effects of the pandemic on adolescents should be monitored and supported.
A survey on optimization-based approaches to Dynamic Centralized Group Key management
Authors: Trinh Nguyễn Thị Tuyết
Published: December 2023

Abstract—In secure multicast communication, only authorized group members are able to receive the transmitted data. Key generation, distribution, and management are all carried out by a single entity (called the Key Server) in the centralized system. The main challenges of a dynamic centralized group key management scheme include scalability overhead, rekeying overhead, storage overhead, maintaining forward and backward secrecy, etc. Logical Key Hierarchy (LKH), one of the key management methods, uses a tree structure to manage keys to share with participants. Due to the fact that members may join or exit the group at any time during communication, a crucial problem in centralized group key management (CGKM) is minimizing rekeying costs while maintaining a balanced tree. The majority of CGKM methods effectively update the group key by modifying cryptographic techniques or based on logical/heuristic arguments. One of the efficient approaches is based on an optimization model with the two mentioned important objectives. In this paper, we conduct a survey on optimization-based approaches to dynamic CGKM, which can be divided into two categories based on logical/heuristic arguments and a rigorous mathematical optimization model.
МЕЦЕНАТСТВО ТА БЛАГОДІЙНІСТЬ РОДИНИ АРКАСІВ
Authors: Запорожченко Галина
Published: December 2023

Стаття присвячена благодійницькій діяльності славної родини Аркасів. Висвітлено проблеми меценатства на Миколаївщині в другій половині XIX – на початку XX ст., зокрема через благодійницьку діяльність членів родини Миколи Миколайовича Аркаса, оскільки саме в той період завершився процес формування ідеології меценатства. Подано приклади громадської, просвітницької, культурологічної та творчої діяльності М. М. Аркаса. Наведено деякі факти з історії українськомовної освіти на Миколаївщині, заснування шкіл з українською мовою навчання в селах Богданівка та Христофорівка за кошти сім’ї Аркасів, розбудови села Христофорівка, становлення Христофорівської школи в кінці XIX – на початку XX ст. і подальшої нещасливої долі обох Аркасівських шкіл. Подано історичні відомості про культурні традиції родини Аркасів, зокрема збирання і колекціонування пам’яток матеріальної культури античної доби та часів українського козацтва, творів народного мистецтва. Стаття призначена керівникам краєзнавчих гуртків, учителям, що ведуть уроки та факультативи з краєзнавства.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS GANHOS NA VARIAÇÃO DO PH NA FLOTAÇÃO DO MINÉRIO DE COBRE E OURO
Authors: Dos Santos Francis Freire , Evangelista Glauber Júlio , De Oliveira Francisco José Ferreira , Costa Denilson da Silva
Published: December 2023

A produção de concentrado de cobre e ouro na Mineradora em questão contempla a lavra de minérios de 3 principais Cavas e Estoques, seguida pelas etapas de cominuição constituída por britagem, moagem e classificação, usando baterias de hidrociclones para que seja obtido um P80 de 300 µm que alimenta a etapa de flotação. Na etapa de flotação, o minério passa por estágios como Rougher, Scavenger, Scalper, Cleaner e Coluna de Concentração. Nestes estágios usam-se reagentes químicos como Coletores, Espumantes e Cal Hidratada para que a flotação do minério aconteça. O uso da Cal Hidratada no processo tem por objetivo ajustar o pH em cada um dos estágios para que o meio se torne alcalino e a superfície do minério apresente excesso de carga elétrica negativa para que aconteça a flotação. A faixa de pH da etapa Rougher do processo é 8,5 a 8,8 e no Laboratório de Processo, tal etapa é simulada com pH de 10,5. Testes para obtenção da curva de moagem, flotação de bancada e cinética de flotação em equipamento que simula a etapa Rougher nos pHs natural da polpa (7,63 a 7,99), 8, 10,5 e 12 foram feitos para verificar se há ganho em relação a Recuperação Metalúrgica e Concentrado de Cu e Au. Observou-se que no pH 12 há ganho de Recuperações Metalúrgicas e Teores de Concentrado para Cobre e Ouro em relação ao pH de processo.
SAÚDE PÚBLICA COM ÊNFASE EM QUALIDADE DE VIDA: UM ENSAIO ACADÊMICO
Authors: Fernandes Priscila Castro Cordeiro , Da Silva Kênya Costa Rodrigues , Jorge Eduardo Rodrigues , Carvalho Daniela Diniz Simões de Medeiros , Nascimento Andrea , Oliveira Julia , De Toledo Luiz Alexandre Pereira , De Lima Fabiano , Jiticovski Alessandra Ferreira Mendes , Elias Ana Rosa Ribeiro
Published: December 2023

Este ensaio acadêmico aborda a interseção entre saúde pública, atenção primária à saúde e qualidade de vida no contexto brasileiro. a saúde pública é definida como um esforço organizado da sociedade para prevenir doenças, promover a saúde e prolongar a vida, visando melhorar as condições de vida da população. no brasil, o ponto de entrada preferencial no sistema de saúde é a atenção primária, oferecendo cuidados acessíveis, contínuos e coordenados. apesar dos avanços, a relação entre saúde pública e qualidade de vida é destacada, reconhecendo que saúde transcende a mera ausência de doença. a qualidade de vida é um conceito abrangente, influenciado por diversos fatores, como expectativa de vida, bem-estar geral, condições de vida e trabalho. o equilíbrio entre esses elementos é crucial para determinar a qualidade de vida de um indivíduo. o perfil epidemiológico da população influencia diretamente as ações das equipes de saúde, destacando a importância de estudos que caracterizem a resposta a diferentes contextos.  em conclusão, este ensaio destaca a importância da interação entre saúde pública, atenção primária à saúde e qualidade de vida no contexto brasileiro. reconhecendo os avanços proporcionados pelo sus e pela aps, o texto aponta desafios persistentes e destaca a necessidade de abordagens inovadoras para promover uma vida saudável e satisfatória para a população brasileira.
ANALISIS PENYAJIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN BERBASIS SAK ETAP PADA PT. CIPTA GIRI SENTOSA
Authors: Rahmatul Fauziah  , Wasti Reviandani
Published: December 2023

Memasuki era revolusi industri 5.0, banyak perusahaan yang mengharapkan adanya kemajuan, khususnya dalam penyajian laporan keuangan yang berfungsi untuk menyampaikan data keuangan dari hasil proses aktivitas akuntansi. Laporan keuangan ini berperan penting dalam membantu pengguna laporan keuangan dalam mengambil keputusan. Penggunaan standar akuntansi keuangan yang berlaku umum dianggap rumit, khususnya bagi badan usaha yang tidak memiliki akuntabilitas publik, berdasarkan hal tersebut Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI) untuk mengeluarkan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK ETAP) yang dapat mengakomodir kebutuhan akuntansi untuk entitas yang tidak memiliki akuntabilitas publik. Peneliti ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyajian laporan keuangan sesuai SAK ETAP pada PT. Cipta Giri Sentosa. PT. Cipta Giri Sentosa merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam penyediaan layanan seperti pengantaran obat melalui jasa kurir, pengadaan barang produk dari Usaha Mikro, Kecil, serta Menengah (UMKM), serta layanan di bidang teknologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif komparatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, PT. Cipta Giri Sentosa belum menyajikan laporan perubahan ekuitas, laporan arus kas, dan catatan atas laporan keuangan (CALK). Sebesar 44% proses pencatatan, pengakuan, pengukuran, dan penyajian laporan keuangan PT. Cipta Giri Sentosa sesuai dengan SAK ETAP, sedangkan 56% tidak sesuai. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi hal ini diantaranya tidak adanya pemahaman dari dalam dan luar mengenai akuntansi dan SAK ETAP, sistem informasi akuntansi, tingkat pendidikan, serta pelatihan penyusunan laporan keuangan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar PT. Cipta Giri Sentosa menaikkan mutu laporan keuangan, menyusun, dan menyajikan laporan keuangan lengkap sesuai standar, dan mengumpulkan data secara konsisten.
Forjando um instrumento diagonal para a esquerda global
Authors: Dunn Christopher Chase
Published: December 2023

Este artigo assume o desafio de Samir Amin de repensar a questão da organização política global, propondo a construção de uma organização política diagonal para a esquerda global que ligaria redes locais, nacionais e globais, bem como comunidades prefigurativas para coordenar a disputa pelo poder no sistema-mundo durante as próximas décadas do século XXI. O processo do Fórum Social Mundial (FSM) precisa ser reinventado para promover o surgimento de um instrumento capaz de confrontar e disputar com a estrutura de poder global do capitalismo mundial e ajudar as lutas locais e nacionais. Propomos uma abordagem holística para organizar um navio para a esquerda global baseado em lutas por justiça climática, direitos humanos, antirracismo, direitos queer, feminismo, redes de partilha, alianças de paz, retomada das cidades, nacionalismo progressivo, confrontando e derrotando o neofascismo e novas formas de populismo conservador.
À memória de Darcy Ribeiro
Authors: Ganem Angela
Published: December 2023

Homenagem à obra e biografia de Darcy Ribeiro
90 anos de Ruy Mauro Marini: entrelaços da superexploração e as relações raciais no Brasil
Authors: Fagundes Gustavo
Published: December 2023

A presente reflexão é uma saudação à memória de Ruy Mauro Marini e se estabelece no sentido de buscar ampliar as fronteiras da perspectiva teórica por ele fundada e desenvolvida. Destrinchamos a categoria superexploração do trabalho, o exército industrial de reserva enquanto sua premissa e apontamos a necessidade de compreensão e aproximação com o estudo das relações raciais no Brasil, em específico ao racismo estrutural. Essa direção aponta para entender a negativa agudização das condições de vida da classe trabalhadora no país e o rebaixamento do valor da força de trabalho. Entendemos que o racismo e a superexploração se combinam no sentido de comprimir as condições de vida e trabalho da população trabalhadora no Brasil.
Globalização Capitalista e Superexploração Destrutiva Notas Críticas Sobre o “Processo e Tendências da Globalização Capitalista, de Ruy Mauro Marini
Authors: Alves Giovanni
Published: December 2023

Nosso objetivo é apresentar a partir do texto de Ruy Mauro Marini “Processo e tendencias da globalização capitalista”, de 1997, as características da nova economia globalizada do capital. Discutiremos a nova divisão internacional do trabalho, a lei do valor na economia globalizada, a mundialização da superexploração do trabalho, a globalização capitalista e o imperativo categórico da política, e para concluir, trataremos das mutações da dependência e o conceito de “superexploração destrutiva”.
Urbanização e Superexploração no Espaço Metropolitano Brasileiro na Era do Capitalismo de Plataformas
Authors: De Abreu André Almeida
Published: December 2023

O espaço urbano tem se metropolizado, convertendo cada vez mais dimensões da vida social em mercadoria. Simultaneamente, o empresariamento do Estado e do trabalho tem favorecido a superexploração nas grandes metrópoles brasileiras, cada vez mais adensadas, espraiadas, verticalizadas e desiguais. O presente artigo lança olhar sobre a plataformização do trabalho e seu entrelaçamento com os processos de globalização, metropolização do espaço e empresariamento neoliberal. O intuito é analisar como o capitalismo informacional forneceu as bases para o desenvolvimento do capital por plataformas. Também pretendemos refletir sobre as possibilidades de ação contra as formas hegemônicas de produção do espaço, produzindo a negação do processo de superexploração do subproletariado urbano brasileiro.
TAXONOMIC STUDY OF SOME EUPHORBIA L. SPECIES BY LEAF ANATOMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS USING RBCL AND MATK GENES
Authors: TAIB T.M.
Published: December 2023

A current study assessed the leaf anatomical and molecular characteristics of eight species of the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), i.e., E. craspedia Boiss, E. denticulate Lam., E. falcate L., E. hirta L., E. helioscopia L., E. peplus L., E. kansuensis L., and E. macroclada Boiss ,collected from several districts of the Middle and Northern Iraq. The anatomical result refers to a uniseriate epidermis (single layer), except for the species E. kansuensis and E. peplus, wherein the upper epidermis recorded a variable thickness among the species. The highest epidermis thickness (28 μm) was visible in the species E. falcata, while the mean decreased to 17 μm in the species E. helioscopia. Based on the anatomical attributes, further species groupings resulted in two. In the first group, the leaf’s crosssection was unifacial, with the palisade tissues on both sides of the blade. This group included E. hirta, E. peplus, E. macroclada?, and E. denticulata. Contrastingly, the second group has a bifacial leaf, with the mesophyll distinguished as palisade and spongy. The said group comprised the E. craspedia and E. helioscopia species. In the genus Euphorbia species, the study of the genetic relationship continued according to the sequencing method of rbcl and matk genes. The results revealed that most species samples showed light bands, characterized by their intensity ranging from 800 to 1000 bp. The highest recorded genetic affinity through the rbcl gene emerged in E. denticulata and E. kansuensis, whereas the lowest was in E. macroclada and E. hirta. Based on matk gene results, the highest genetic affinity observed resulted in the species E. kansuensis and E. denticulata with an average value of 0.0160, with the lowest recorded in the species E. helioscopia and E. peplus with a value of 0.1307.
CERCOSPORA CANESCENS: CAUSE OF LEAF SPOT DISEASE ON LETTUCE CROP IN BALI PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: MIRAH A.A.I.
Published: December 2023

Cercospora leaf spot disease on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) caused losses in Tabanan Regency, Bali, Indonesia. Cercospora leaf spot in lettuce results from the pathogenic fungi Cercospora canescens. The preventive research aimed to identify the fungi on the morphological and molecular basis by using universal primers for PCR of ITS 1 and ITS 4. The study used Koch's Postulates method to isolate the pathogenic fungal isolates from lettuce plants and test for pathogenicity. Identification of fungi continued macroscopically, microscopically, and molecularly. The macroscopic and microscopic observations showed that the cause of cercospora leaf spot on lettuce is the fungal disease caused by pathogenic fungi Cercospora spp. The isolate creates a dull white and robust mycelium structure, sideways growth, branched and septate hyphae, branched conidiophores, and dark lanceolate conidia. Through molecular identification, it helped recognize that fungi Cercospora canescens isolate Cer11-18 (Accession Number: MN400290.1) is the foremost cause of a withered lettuce crop. It is also the first research on the cercospora leaf spot disease on lettuce caused by Cercospora spp. in Tabanan Regency, Bali, Indonesia.
DROUGHT-STRESS EFFECTS ON RESISTANT GENE EXPRESSION, GROWTH, AND YIELD TRAITS OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
Authors: ABDUL MOHSIN A.M.
Published: December 2023

A maize (Zea mays L.) field experiment conducted during the crop season 2022 at the Experimental Farm, Al-Mahnawiya, Extension Training Center, Babylon, Iraq, sought to evaluate the water stress tolerance of four maize cultivars under different irrigation regimes. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. Four irrigation treatments comprised the main plots: full irrigation (control), no irrigation during elongation (Gs-V7), no irrigation during grain-filling (Gs-R2), and no irrigation during elongation and grain-filling (Gs- V7+R2). The subplots included four maize cultivars: Furat, Dijlah, ZP, and Konsens. Leaf area decreased by 1873.76 cm2 plant-1 during the elongation stage (Gs-V7) due to non-irrigation. Nonirrigation during elongation (Gs-V7) and both elongation and grain-filling (Gs-V7+R2) reduced rows per ear, grains per row, and 500-grain weight at 11.65 and 11.02 rows ear-1, 26.77 and 23.23 grains row-1, and 54.90 and 63.94 g, respectively. Withholding irrigation during the elongation stage (Gs- V7), the filling (Gs-R2), and the elongation and filling phases all had decreased grain output. The lack of irrigation during the elongation stage (Gs-V7) boosted the ZmMYBE1 gene expression in vegetative phases. However, irrigation suppression did not impact the ZmMYBE1 gene expression in reproductive stages. The cultivar Furat had the most rows (17.58) and grains per row (37.58), and the cultivar Konsens had the maximum mean of 500-grain weight (84.36 g).
SOIL CULTIVATION METHODS’ IMPACT ON SOIL WATER-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF SOUTHEAST KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: KUNYPIYAEVA G.T.
Published: December 2023

For the rational use of rainfed lands in Southeast Kazakhstan, the practical study aimed to determine the influence of different cultivation methods on the water-physical properties of the soil. The results revealed that, on average, for two years, the reserve of productive moisture in the ground during the spring with plowing at 20–22 cm was 127.8–146.4 mm, with minimal tillage at 8–10 cm (132.3–157.0 mm), and with zero tillage (122.2–140.8 mm) for all studied crops. With insufficient rainfall in summer, the moisture reserve decreased to 21.5–26.2 mm with plowing, 23.5–28.0 mm with minimal tillage, and 27.8–37.6 mm with zero tillage. In the studied crops, the soil density in the arable soil layer (0–30 cm) showed significant variations depending on the methods of soil cultivation. In spring, the soil was in a loose and weakly compacted state (1.17–1.22 g/cm3), and during harvesting, it increased and became dense (1.29–1.32 g/cm3), especially with zero tillage. Soil tillage methods provided the best structural aggregate condition (58%–71%) during the growing season of the studied crops of agronomically valuable aggregates (0.25–10 mm). However, the maximum content of structural aggregates (69%–71%) was evident with zero tillage by sowing safflower, spring barley, and Sudan grass. It indicates the excellent aggregate state of the soil under natural conditions with these crops. However, its minimum amount (58%) occurred with plowing (20–22 cm) under safflower. The water-resistant aggregate content was highest in no-tillage variants of the studied crops, varying between 17.6%–18.9%. With plowing, the water resistance of aggregates decreased to 13.1% under different crops. Over two years of research, the highest average yield of spring barley (2.42 t/ha) emerged with minimal tillage, while the lowest grain yield of Sudan grass (0.67 t/ha) came from plowing. As a result, the highest grain yields of spring barley, peas, and safflower emanated with minimal tillage, while in the Sudanese grass, with zero tillage.
CHARACTERIZATION OF GREEN ONION WITH NPK FERTILIZATION AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF HORNWORT EXTRACT
Authors: AL-BAYATI A.S.
Published: December 2023

A field trial on green onion crops in the autumn of 2020 transpired at a private farm in the District Al- Saniyah, Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq. The presented study aimed at characterizing green onion (Allium cepa L.) plants with NPK fertilization and foliar application of hornwort extract for growth and yield traits. In this experiment, the first factor comprised three NPK levels (0, 50%, and 100%) of NPK (150:100:150 kg ha-1) recommended fertilizer added to the soil, while the second factor included the foliar application of hornwort extract with two different concentrations (0, 20 ml L-1). The experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement had three replications. Consequently, the recommended dose of NPK (100%) and spraying hornwort extract at 20 ml L-1 revealed a significant increase in the studied traits, i.e., plant height, length of the longest tubular leaf, number of leaves, fresh weight of tubular leaves, number of bulbs per plant, weight of the bulb, the diameter of the bulb, leaf chlorophyll content, bulb carbohydrate content, leaf carotenoid content, and plant yield. The interactions of both factors also showed a favorable effect on the mentioned traits in green onion.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
Authors: OMONOV O.
Published: December 2023

The evaluation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivar leaves belonging to different exotic and local genotypes for physiological traits, viz., chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid pigments, and concentration of total pigments transpired spectrophotometrically. The exotic sunflower genotypes used in the study consisted of 9859 (USA), 30837 (Australia), 33673 (France), 9843 and 30835 (Turkey), 9853 and 9848 (Russia), and a local cultivar Jakhongir (Uzbekistan). In the budding phase, the exotic accession 33673 (France) showed higher contents of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, and total pigments (17.8  0.55, 6.61  0.40, 5.82  0.19, and 24.47  0.95 mg/ml, respectively). For the flowering phase, exotic genotype 30835 (Turkey) excelled for chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, and total pigments concentration (17.10  0.37, 6.31  0.24, 5.42  0.24, and 23.41  0.55 mg/ml, respectively). In the ripening phase, the amount of chlorophyll a and carotenoids were 16.64  0.84 and 5.82  0.12 mg/ml, respectively, in genotype 9853 (Russia), and chlorophyll b and total pigments correspond to 6.04  0.33 mg/ml and 21.19  0.57 mg/ml in the local cultivar Jakhongir. No significant quantitative variations were evident for nitrogen content and total protein content in sunflower genotype seeds. However, higher values of total protein content (21.8%) manifested in the exotic genotypes, i.e., 30837 (Australia), 33673 (France), and 9848 (Russia). During 2021, the seed oil content ranged from 31.9%  0.51% to 54.4%  0.87%, while the highest oil content (54.4%  0.87%) emerged in genotype 9853 (Russia). In 2022 planting, the sunflower seeds’ highest fat content percentage surfaced in sample 9848 (Russia), 53.99%  0.14%. In addition, genotype 9853 (Russia) also contained various micro-macro elements, i.e., Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, Sr, and Ba, compared with the rest of the sunflower genotypes.
DROUGHT STRESS EFFECTS ON APETALA2 (AP2) GENE EXPRESSION, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND YIELD TRAITS OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
Authors: ABDUL MOHSIN A.M.
Published: December 2023

Maize (Zea mays L.) field experiments commenced during crop season 2022 at the Experimental Farm, Al-Mahnawiya, Extension Training Center, Babylon, Iraq. The study examined the impacts of water stress tolerance on four maize cultivars' AP2 gene expression, physiology, and yield. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. Four irrigation treatments applied on the main plots comprised 1) full irrigation (control), 2) withholding irrigation during elongation (Gs-V7), 3) non-irrigation during grain-filling (Gs-R2), and 4) suppressing irrigation during both elongation and grain-filling (Gs-V7+R2). The subplots included four maize cultivars: Furat, Dijlah, ZP, and Konsens. The results showed that withholding water during maize plants' elongation stage (GS-V7) significantly reduced leaf water and chlorophyll content. However, withholding irrigation increased peroxidase and catalase enzyme concentrations significantly. Suppressing irrigation at the elongation stage (GS-V7) and the elongation and grainfilling stages (GS-V7+R2) resulted in a considerable drop in cycle threshold (CT) values, with average CT values of 31.68 and 31.69 cycles, respectively. The AP2 gene expression and CT values indicated a negative correlation. The study found that the AP2 gene increases maize’s water stress tolerance, and the gene expression in maize cultivar "Furat" confirms this. Maize cultivar Furat achieved recommendations for cultivation in desert regions because of its superior ability to survive and adapt.
DYNAMICS OF FERTILITY INDICATORS OF LIGHT-CHESTNUT SOIL AND OIL FLAX PRODUCTIVITY UNDER BOGARIAN CONDITIONS OF SOUTHEAST KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: AMANGALIEV B.M.
Published: December 2023

The suitable research aims to ascertain the optimum dose of mineral fertilizers and methods of soil processing and preparation for successful flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivation in the semi-arid conditions of the Almaty Region, Kazakhstan, focusing on achieving high crop productivity with good seed quality. Agrochemical investigations also employed modern devices and widely accepted methods. Studying parameters, such as total humus, labile humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, soil composition density, structural-aggregate composition, and moisture supply, ensued using specific techniques. The study observed an enhancement in nitrate nitrogen content in the soil, from an initial level of 11–19 mg/kg to 36–91 mg/kg during flax harvest in all experimental variants. On the contrary, the mobile phosphorus exhibited a decline in the soil from the beginning of crop vegetation until harvest; however, determining the available phosphorus in different practices showed medium, high, higher, and very high. Moreover, a decline in exchangeable potassium content (from 344–446 mg/kg to 175–215 mg/kg) emerged during the flax crop across all the experimental variants. The application of mineral fertilizers NPK at the rate of 60:60:30, with the application of a growth regulator Ecorost at the rate of 2 liters per ton of seeds, and employing a flatcut treatment (10–12 cm) on light chestnut soil in the semi-arid zone with super dry season of Almaty Region, resulted in the highest flax yield in cv. Karabalykskaya (410 kg/ha
ASSESSMENT OF PLANTS’ LEAF EXTRACTS FOR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST THE FUNGUS COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM IN CHILI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)
Authors: SUDIRGA S.K.
Published: December 2023

In horticultural crops, including chili, the wide use of synthetic fungicides has manifested to control anthracnose disease; however, these chemicals have some side effects to deal with. In reducing the dependency on synthetic fungicides, other alternatives and means need searching to prevent pathogenic fungi. Therefore, the presented study sought to examine plant extracts with the potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal organism of anthracnose disease in chili. This study collected 20 potential plant species for the investigation. The leaf extraction used the maceration method in methanol and n-hexane. The contents of chemical compounds sustained the GC-MS analysis. All the leaf extracts tested for their bioactivity underwent the colony method and diffusion well. The results revealed that out of 20 types of plants, six plant species were capable of inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum fungi, including Piper nigrum, Piper ornatum, Piper retrofractum, Ficus septica, Samanea saman, and Tithonia diversifolia. The leaf extract of F. septica has the highest inhibition rate (81.11%) for the growth of C. acutatum compared with other plant leaf extracts. The GC-MS analysis of the F. septica leaf extract showed the presence of 15 types of metabolite constituents, with nine having antimicrobial activities.
EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING WITH GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS L.) AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH TRAITS OF MUNG BEAN (VIGNA RADIATA L.)
Authors: MAHMOUD R.W.
Published: December 2023

A laboratory experiment studied the effects of the green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) aqueous extract at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 ppm on the germination and growth traits of the mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), carried out in 2021 at the Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Iraq. The results showed that Camellia sinensis green tea extracts played a vital role by significantly boosting all the examined characteristics compared with the control treatment. The aqueous extract of Green tea at concentrations of 10 and 20 ppm gave the best performance in increasing germination rates, germination speed, plant promoter indicator, and seedling strength compared with the control treatment. Meanwhile, the concentration of 30 ppm indicated a significant increase in the shoot length, root system, carbohydrates, proteins, proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) compared with other concentrations used and control treatment.
The Goodwill and Consistency of Türkiye in the Repatriation of Foreign Cultural Property: Case Studies of China and Iraq
Authors: Tökün Levent , Bayraktar İpek
Published: December 2023

There are many national and international legal frameworks for the protection of cultural property. However, even though states enact laws to protect cultural property, ratify multilateral conventions, and adopt bilateral agreements, the illicit trade in cultural property remains a problem. The return of any cultural property is a multi-layered process, and it is critical that a state’s policy towards displaced cultural property is consistent and based on goodwill to ensure international protection of cultural properties.

This article elaborates on Türkiye’s goodwill and consistency in returning foreign cultural property to its country of origin. Two repatriation cases are examined to assess how Türkiye applies the principles of the 1970 UNESCO Convention and the bilateral agreements done accordingly regarding goodwill and consistency. The first case is, the Republic of Türkiye & the People’s Republic of China where the return was based on a bilateral agreement while the second case is the Republic of Türkiye & the Republic of Iraq where the repatriation took place based on diplomatic relations.
Estilos de vida saludable y conciencia ambiental en estudiantes del nivel primaria de una institución educativa del distrito de Pólvora, Tocache
Authors: Del Castillo Chávez Dámaris
Published: December 2023

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre los estilos de vida saludable y conciencia ambiental en los estudiantes del 5° de primaria de una institución educativa. El tipo de investigación fue básico, nivel correlacional y diseño no experimental; se usó el método hipotético – deductivo, se aplicó un cuestionario con escala de Likert a una muestra de 30 estudiantes del quinto de primaria, para el análisis e interpretación de los resultados se usó el estadístico Shapiro-Wilk, por ser una muestra menor que 50 y como estadístico de correlación Spearman. Los resultados demostraron la contrastación entre las variables de estudio, donde la Rho de Spearman alcanza el valor de 0,717; y, de acuerdo con la categorización está se ubica, en una correlación alta. Finalmente se concluye que los estilos de vida saludables y la conciencia ambiental están estrechamente vinculados, ya que las decisiones de los estudiantes que promueven la salud personal suelen coincidir con acciones positivas para el cuidado del medio ambiente.