bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNA in-situ hybridization for pathology-based diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP): current diagnostics for FIP and comparison to the current gold standard
Authors: Sweet Arjun , Andre Nicole , Licitra Beth Nicole , Whittaker Gary
Published: August 2022

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a systemic disease of cats caused by a highly pathogenic variant of feline coronavirus, or FCoV. Two distinct genotypes of FCoV exist (also referred to as serotypes): Type 1 viruses constitute the vast majority of FIP cases, while type 2 viruses are responsible for the remaining infections. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) currently serves as the gold standard for diagnosis of FIP; however, IHC is limited by variations in sensitivity. RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH) has an established foothold in infectious disease diagnostics and presents a potentially improved method for detection of FIP. This proof-of-concept study evaluated the efficacy of RNA ISH probes targeted to FCoV, as compared to IHC using monoclonal antibody FIP 3-70. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from FIP-positive cats were used for ISH, with the presence of RNA determined chromogenically. ISH tissue slides were then compared to their IHC counterparts, with efficacy determined based on metrics including staining intensity and abundance. Positive ISH staining on tissue was found to be both more intense and abundant than for IHC, suggesting that ISH serves as a highly sensitive method for the detection of FCoV/FIP in comparison to IHC - a finding that awaits further validation.
Decay Characteristics of Neutron Excess Silicon Nuclei
Authors: Bevelacqua Joseph
Published: August 2022

In neutron star mergers, neutron excess nuclei and the r-process are important factors governing the production of heavier nuclear systems. A single-particle model evaluation of silicon nuclei suggests that the heaviest Z = 14 nucleus will have a mass of 54 with the filling of the 1f5/2 neutron shell. A = 43 – 54 silicon isotopes have limited experimental half-life data, but the model predicts beta decay half-lives in the range of 0.442 – 8.06 ms. Based on previous calculations for Z = 9-13, 20, 26, and 30 systems, and comparisons to the 43Si, 44Si, 46Si, and 48Si calculations summarized in the Japanese Nuclear Data Compilation, the single-particle model results likely overestimate the half-lives of A = 43 – 54 neutron excess silicon nuclei.
Synergetic effect in modification of oxidized road bitumens of different group composition
Authors:   JSC «SvNIINP», Andreev A.A. , Tyukilina P.M ,   JSC «SvNIINP», Tyshchenko V.A. ,   Department «Chemical Technology of Oil and Gas Refining» of «Samara State Technical University», Samara, Maximov N.M. ,   Department «Chemical Technology of Oil and Gas Refining» of «Samara State Technical University», Samara, Pilshchikov V.A. ,   Department «Chemical Technology of Oil and Gas Refining» of «Samara State Technical University», Samara, Leshchenko D.V. ,   Department «Chemical Technology of Oil and Gas Refining» of «Samara State Technical University», Samara
Published: August 2022

The physico-chemical-rheological properties of the asphalt binder are critical to the long-term performance of the asphalt pavement infrastructure. The objectives of this investigation are to characterize the physico-rheological properties of unmodified pure and polymer-modified bituminous binders using rheological performance tests. The rheological properties of three pure oxidized bitumen, three SBS with sulfur-modified bituminous binders, and three bituminous binders modified with SBS+S+PPA were studied in this work. Various amounts of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), sulfur (S) and polyphosphoric acid (PPA) modifiers were added to the pure binder for this purpose. The tested physical properties of the bituminous binder include traditional penetration and softening temperature. Group composition studies (saturates, aromatics, tars and asphaltenes; SARA) were respectively conducted to quantify the chemical composition and structural properties of pure oxidized bitumen. A dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was used to evaluate the durability (PG) of virgin, thin film oxidized (RTFO-aged) and pressure vessel (PAV-aged) bitumens. The resistance to rutting and fatigue failure was evaluated using the test for creep recovery after repeated loading (MSCR). A bending beam rheometer (BBR) was used to study the low temperature properties of bituminous binders. All modifiers have been found to improve the high temperature properties of clean asphalt. In addition, these modifiers have not been found to have a significant effect on the low temperature continuous grade of the binders.
Kinetic approach applied to the study of tribological characteristics of sulfonate greases
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Buyanovskii I. A. , Strelnikova S.S. ,   Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tatur I.R. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Moscow, Peskovets A.V. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Moscow, Bagdasarov L.N. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Moscow, Samusenko V.D. ,   Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

It is shown that it is possible to evaluate the anti-wear properties of sulfonate greases using a temperature-kinetic method, in which the processing of experimental results allows us to obtain the values of the conditional activation energy of the process of destruction of the modified layer. A method has been developed for estimating the conditional activation energy of the wear process of the modified layer, which ensures the separation of contacting bodies during friction in the mode of boundary lubrication at high temperatures. For sulfonate greases obtained on various thickeners and dispersion media, the values of the activation energy of the process of destruction of modified layers were determined and the ratio between the activation energy value and the values of wear indicators according to GOST 9490-75 was established.
Há mérito na meritocracia?
Authors: Vidal Antonio Carlos Batista , Russo Paschoal Tadeu , Amaral Juliana Ventura
Published: August 2022

Este caso aborda a temática de como a liderança pode impactar na motivação dos profissionais e estimular a congruência no atingimento das metas, que acontece quando os colaboradores, tomam decisões em prol das metas gerais da organização. Está fundamentado no método de caso e é inspirado em um caso real. O trabalho contribui à teoria ao conjugar os conceitos de liderança e motivação, que, embora bastante interligados, nem sempre são explorados de forma conjunta. A aplicação do caso real oferece insights para organizações que estejam passando por situações similares e ajuda ao estimular a reflexão das ações dos líderes.
Risk and the Reasonable Refugee - Coded Data and List and Description of Immigration and Refugee Board Files in Data Set
Authors: Evans Cameron Hilary
Published: August 2022

This data set comprises 316 decisions of the Immigration and Refugee Board from the first half of 2016. They are coded for the nature of the adjudicators' credibility conclusions and for whether the adjudicators justified these conclusions with reference to a set of factors relating to the claimant's risk response.

The sheets list and describe the Immigration and Refugee Board files included in the data set for the study. 

Ethics Statement: This study did not require Research Ethics Board approval because it consists of legal judgments in the Public Domain.

See: Hilary Evans Cameron, "Risk and the Reasonable Refugee: Exploring a Key Credibility Inference in Canadian Refugee Status Rejections" (forthcoming, International Journal of Refugee Law).
Clustering of Countries According to National Cultural Features as a Tool for Developing the Corporate Culture of International Companies
Authors:   Department of World Economy, State University of Trade and Economics / Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kalyuzhna Nataliya H. , Mamitko Yuliia S. ,   State University of Trade and Economics / Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Published: August 2022

The article is concerned with the arrangement of countries according to national cultural features based on cluster analysis and the determination of directions for adapting the corporate culture of Ukrainian companies to the conditions of cooperation with companies of different country clusters. It is substantiated that corporate culture is one of the key success factors for an international company. It is proved that Ukrainian companies should concentrate on implementing global standards of corporate culture into management practice, which are based on taking into account national cultural characteristics. The influence of national culture on the corporate culture of companies of different country clusters is analyzed based on the Hofstede 6-D model. The peculiarities of the corporate culture of Ukrainian international companies are considered and the significance of national cultural differences between the companies of Ukraine and typical countries of various clusters, namely the countries of Asia, Northern Europe, German Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Anglo-American countries, are assessed. It is shown that the corporate culture of Ukrainian international companies is most easily adapted to Turkish companies, and the most difficult to American and Swedish companies. It was determined which areas of corporate culture adaptation Ukrainian international companies should pay attention to in order to effectively cooperate with international companies from Japan, the USA, Germany, Sweden, Argentina and Turkey. It is proved that the presented recommendations will contribute to obtaining an effective combination of the corporate culture of the Ukrainian company with the original culture of the partner company. It is emphasized that despite the importance of the influence of national cultural characteristics on the corporate culture of international companies, the impact of globalization should not be underestimated, which to a certain extent over time smooths out sharp cultural differences and minimizes the requirements for cultural adaptation.
Features of the Implementation of Educational Programs Sales Management by Higher Education Institutions
Authors:   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Beztelesna Liudmyla I. , Malchуk Maryana V. ,   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Vasyliv Volodymyr B. ,   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the article is to reflect the features of the implementation of sales management of educational programs by higher education institutions (HEIs) of Ukraine. It is noted that Ukrainian HEIs in their activities have faced a number of challenges and are forced to act as business structures in the market of educational services, selling educational programs (EPs). It is shown that an educational program is the result and product of joint innovation-investment management activities of the administrative-managerial staff and the scientific-pedagogical staff of HEIs, all interested persons (stakeholders), and the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (NAQA). The article reflects and classifies factors on the basis of the influence of the external environment on the sales management of educational programs. The external ones include those that HEIs cannot influence, but only take them into account and transform activities with a focus upon them. The internal factors are the result of the functioning of the management system of higher education institutions. It was determined that the sales management of educational programs of HEIs is the management of ensuring the implementation of tactical marketing tasks, and the initial element is the sales funnel, which was projected. The stages of work with potential consumers of EPs were formed. The sales conversion for EP «Marketing» of bachelor’s level in the local market is calculated. It is proved that sales conversion illustrates the process of conveying value to the consumer, working with objections, motivating its implementation, the work of both sales managers and marketers. It is determined that the sales management of educational programs of HEIs requires the implementation of intra-university policy, a list of tasks that need to be implemented within its terms has been formed. Methodological approaches to forecasting and planning the sale of educational programs are reflected. It is proposed that HEIs use the conception of marketing 3.0 in sales management of educational programs and apply integrated marketing communications.
The Methodological Basis for the Formation of a System of Ensuring Spatial-Process Management of the Economic Potential of Enterprise
Authors:   National Aviation University, Tytykalo Volodymyr S.
Published: August 2022

The article is aimed at generating a methodological basis for the formation of a system of ensuring spatial-process management of the economic potential of enterprise in the current changing conditions. The results of the carried out study show that in the current conditions the most important thing that can bring efficiency to the enterprise is the adaptation of the location and structure of production to the real needs of time, a production-technological as well as structural-managerial organization, which, providing the enterprise with a modern technical and technological level of production processes, will reduce costs by generating a methodology for the formation of a system of ensuring spatial-process management of the economic potential of enterprises. Extremely high interest in the generation of this methodology and use in all spheres of practical activity of industrial enterprises is related both with the growing role of science and innovative capabilities of the management system, and with the effects of globalization, among which the dominant trend of growth of strategic instability stands out. This trend partly explains the blurring of the boundaries between the project and the forecast: the more problematic the very possibility of predictive action becomes, the more an objective forecast depends on the project, and therefore on the search for truth about the interconnections between the level of knowledge, idea, knowledge, and scientific hypothesis. The relevance of generating a methodological basis for the formation of a system of ensuring spatial-process management of the economic potential of enterprise indicates that the undoubted expediency of this issue is the use of innovative and creative thinking, taking into account the influence of the macroeconomic environment, etc. Thus, the generation of the methodological basis for the formation of a system of ensuring spatial-process management of the economic potential of enterprise is of particular importance from the point of view of theory, philosophy and methodology, taking into account the context and scientific-philosophical view.
A Foresight of the Development of the World Natural Gas Market in the Conditions of the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman, Kovalchuk Tamila H. , Zaharii Vita K. ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the article is to develop a foresight of the development of the natural gas market in the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy to provide understanding of possible options and forecast the future of the world market. Analyzing, systematizing and summarizing the scientific works of scholars, the concept of a low-carbon economy, its importance and necessity for solving acute environmental and political problems of mankind related to greenhouse emissions, global warming, environmental pollution, lack of natural resources or dependence of countries on energy suppliers were considered. In the course of the research was used foresight with a focus on the method of developing scenarios for the possible future development of the natural gas market in the context of the transition to a carbon-free economy. Using the reporting data of companies and countries of the world, the main indicators for similar features are analyzed and systematized, on the basis of which four scenarios are built to draw conclusions and help gas producers improve their activities and build long-term strategies in the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy. The article allocates the companies that are an example for the transition to a low-carbon economy, in particular, the Ukrainian company «Naftogaz», which has actively begun to develop the direction of using alternative energy sources to maximize the benefits of the minimum amount of natural resources. The ways of preserving the positions of gas companies in the market are examined. The recommendations proposed for companies will make it possible to quickly adapt to new conditions of existence during the transformation of the gas market. Prospects for further research in this direction are determining the degree of transition of the natural gas market to a low-carbon economy, its impact on the activities of gas enterprises, ecology and environmental pollution, and the provision of energy resources to countries of the world that are in need of additional sources
Economic Mechanism of Nature Management: The Institutional Basis and Instrumental-Methodological Provision
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Medynska Nataliia V.
Published: August 2022

It was found that the economic mechanism of nature management operates with an insufficient set of methods, instruments and levers that would make it possible to increase the complexity of economic development of natural resource potential and strengthen the effectiveness of the influence of the sphere of nature management on the pace of socioeconomic growth. It is substantiated that for the formation of a modern economic mechanism of nature management, it is necessary to create an institutional basis, which will provide for the installation in the regulatory environmental architectonics of new institutions-rules capable of ensuring more efficient involvement of natural raw materials and ecosystem services in market circulation. It is determined that the instrumental and methodological provision of the economic mechanism of nature management should cover a wide range of methods, instruments and levers, which will allow to ensure the budget-tax and financial-credit impact on the maximum number of operations related to the extraction of material substance of natural raw materials and the use of non-commodity qualities of natural complexes. Studies have shown that in the modern economic mechanism of nature management there should be present a wide range of financial-economic and managerial-economic methods. Financial and economic methods include: evaluation, accounting, programming, planning, forecasting, taxation, budget financing, investment, insurance, lending. The list of managerial-economic methods includes: licensing, expert assessment, certification, regulation, standardization, monitoring, cadastre, limiting, rationing. It is determined that the current economic mechanism of nature management should cover budget, tax, customs, credit, mortgage and collateral, stock, investment, insurance instruments, as well as instruments based on the implementation of public-private partnership agreements. It is substantiated that in the structure of the economic mechanism of nature management two types of levers be distinguished: financial and economic incentives (tax benefits, soft loans, customs privileges, price discounts/allowances, cross-subsidization. endowment) and financial and economic sanctions (fines, penalties, reimbursement, compensation, financial restrictions, budget limits)
The Labor Market of Ukraine in Modern Conditions: The Problems and Ways to Solve Them
Authors:   Poltava University of Economics and Trade, Rybalko-Rak Lesіa A. , Husakovska Tetiana O. ,   Poltava University of Economics and Trade, Kyzhel Nataliia L. ,   Poltava University of Economics and Trade
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the article is to identify problems in the labor market of Ukraine in the difficult conditions of today, to find effective directions for their solution and conditions for optimizing the supply and demand of labor. To solve the set tasks, general scientific and special research methods were used, i. e.: generalization, analysis and synthesis, comparison and systematization, observation. The article considers the factors that influenced the emergence of disproportions in the labor market before the war, and expands the list of factors due to those added to the indicated ones after the onset of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation and negatively affect the labor market of Ukraine. A number of functions that the labor market performs during its formation and functioning are listed. The problems that have arisen in the situation with work and internship among the population of Ukraine since the onset of the full-scale war have been identified. The difficulties faced by the respondents when looking for a new job are considered; the priority of actions for the possibility of further employment is specified. Uneven indicators of demand and supply of vacancies in the labor market are indicated. The performance indicators of the State Employment Service after the onset of the war are analyzed and compared with the indicators of the previous period. The article substantiates the importance of a quick reaction on the part of the State, employers and the population to uncontrolled environmental factors. Directions for solving problems to reduce unemployment, achieve a balance between demand and supply of vacancies, and adjust the employment system are proposed.
Transformation of the Financial Sector: Factors, Forms, Directions
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman, Prymostka Liudmyla O. , Chepizhko Oksana V. ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman
Published: August 2022

The decisive tendency of recent decades has been the rapid growth of the volume of financial business. Obviously this new round of development is formed under the influence of certain factors, is implemented in various forms and directions. In search of the optimal correlation between these basic components of the strategy for the development of the fiance sector, they are transformed, complicated and acquire a new meaning. The purpose of the article is to determine the priority directions for the development of domestic financial business on the basis of an in-depth understanding of the factors and forms of transformation changes in the financial sector. It is determined that speaking of transformation such properties as evolution, complexity, purposefulness, maturity, acyclicity, and additiveness are appropriate. It is noted that transformation processes should be proactive, have medium- and long-term planning horizons and dynamically implement inevitable transformations, choosing the right vector of such changes. The financial sector acts as an object of transformation. Based on this, it is imperative to understand the factors that lead to transformation and the goal of achieving the final result of transformation. It is proposed to systematize them into two groups: those that lead to the transformation of the financial sector, and the factors that accompany it. Emphasis is placed on the risk landscape of financial sector transformation, which is determined by the nature and form of structural, institutional, organizational, functional, and regulatory changes and is manifested in the differences between the set strategic goals and the actual result. Two key directions of transformation of the financial sector are highlighted: organizational and functional. The organizational transformation involves the transformation of the institutional structure of the financial sector and the organization of conduct of financial activities. The functional transformation involves rethinking the functions of the financial and banking sectors, their role, conceptions, and rules of regulation. It is substantiated that these directions precisely require modernization, updating and a closer definition of the relevant organizational and procedural forms of their implementation. Based on the results of the carried out generalization, promising directions for the transformation of the financial sector of Ukraine are identified
Numerical Investigation for the Bearing Performance of the Segmental Joint with Elastic Gasket
Authors: Huang Ming , Shi Xinhua , Yang Fan , Liu Kang
Published: August 2022

Detailed three-dimensional numerical models considering concrete indentation, bolts, elastic gasket (EG) and sealing gasket (SG) are established for the segmental joint with gaskets, and the load tests of the joints with EG and without EG are simulated and compared. The results reveal that the bearing performance of the joint with EG is very complex. In sagging moment scenarios, it can be divided into four stages by three key points “EG starts to open”, “joint external edge starts to contact” and “EG fully opened”. In hogging moment scenarios, it can be divided into three stages by two key points “SG opened” and “EG starts to open”. The EG has a significant effect on the joint bearing performance. It can soften the joint, which leads to the result that the average bending stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity of the joint with EG are evidently smaller and weaker than those of the joint without EG. With decreasing the joint axial force, this softening effect tends to be more obvious. Besides, for the two joints, the ultimate states of the joints subject to the bending moments are both that the concrete at the joint edges yields firstly, and it is necessary to protect or strengthen the corresponding concrete.
The Historical Contribution and Its Limitation of Christian Democracy in the Western European States: an Analysis of Personalism and Ordo Liberalism
Authors:   Korean Association For Political And Diplomatic History, Suh Myung Koo
Published: August 2022

The Catholic Church had not adapted successfully to the liberal democracy until World War Ⅱ. After the German Unification in 1870, Christian Democracy was initiated by the confessional party which was made by a historical accident. And its thought was developed based on the non-liberal ‘communitarian personalism’ in the inter-war period.
After the World War II, the Christian Democratic Party appeared on the idea of ‘Ordo Liberalism’ and the ‘Social Market Economy’. They took the lead of the reconstruction of liberal democracy and the economic miracle of the Western European States. After the end of cold war Christian Democracy fell in danger but successfully recovered. This paper shows the prospects that the Christian Democracy based on the communitarian personality will play a major role in today’s crisis of liberal democracy.
Babylonian House Numbers and Squares of Zodiacal Signs: The Origin of the Quadruplicities, Part I
Authors: Brack-Bernsen Lis
Published: August 2022

BM 47762 is the rest of a circular tablet, which was divided into 12 sectors by lines from the center to the rim. Each sector was labelled by a zodiacal sign. Our tablet consists in part of the sectors IX, X, XI, and XII, which are concerned with the zodiacal signs of Sagittarius (month IX), Capricorn (month X), Aquarius (month XI), and Pisces (month XII). In lines 2 to 5 of each sector, some four numbers are written, which in pairs can be understood as a date (month, day) or as a position (sign, degree)—just as in the Dodecatemoria and its inverse, the Calendar Texts (Kalendertexte). The combination of number pairs on BM 47762 do not appear in those schemes. However, the difference between the pairs in lines 3, 4, and 5 is always equal to 277, a very special number which is known from the Calendar Texts. Evidently, our number pairs must somehow be connected to those number schemes. This paper investigates and finds a very interesting connection. It shows that all number pairs stand for dates, for which the Dodecatemoria scheme will give the position of the schematic Moon in its four important phases. The second number pairs refer to the months of the section, while the first pairs give the dates of the four important lunar phases three months earlier. The two dates on each line correspond to lunar positions taking place at almost the same position in the zodiac. The zodiacal signs of the lunar phases on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 join to squares which are mostly known from Greek astrology. For example, for month XI, the signs of the Moon have the numbers 2, 5, 8, and 11, i.e., the zodiacal square with 11 as one of the corners. Maybe we here have found the origin of the quadruplicities of the zodiacal signs.
Published Online (2022-07-31)Copyright © 2022 by Lis Brack-Bernsen
Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/39087/29776
Corresponding Author: Lis Brack-Bernsen, University of RegensburgE-Mail: lis.brackbernsen@ur.de
List of the books received 2021
Authors: Sources and Studies in the History of Science Aestimatio:
Published: August 2022

As always, correspondence concerning books and their review should be addressed to Tina (smastorakou@mpiwgberlin.mpg.de).
Novel Agents to Treat Renal Anemic Patient
Authors: Hasan Mahmud Javed
Published: August 2022

Abstract not available

CBMJ 2022 July: vol. 11 no. 02 P: 77-79
Common Health Problems Among Agricultural Workers in A Selected Rural Area of Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan AHM , Hossain Md Tufael , Begum Maksuda , Islam Md Shahidul , Alam Fakir Sameul
Published: August 2022

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Churkhai village of Bhavokhali union during December 2018 to find out common health problems among 200 agricultural workers in a selected rural area of Mymensingh as a part of Residential Field Site Training by 3rd year MBBS students session 2016-17. 63 percent of population lives in rural area. Agricultural workers have illnesses common to general population. Moreover socioeconomic and work condition poses extra burden. The study was carried out on 200 agricultural workers who were selected purposively. Data were collected on a predesigned questionnaire by face to face interviewing agricultural workers. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20.0. Age distribution of respondents ranged from 19 years to 80 years; mean age 46.53 years and standard deviation 14.891 years. Males were predominant (male: female ratio 506.06: 100. Majority of them (57.50%) were literate. Most of them (65.00%) belonged to middle class family. More than half (55.00%) of agricultural workers were suffering from illness. Respiratory illnesses 16.00% were predominant followed by skin disease 10.50%, gastrointestinal disease 6.50%, conjunctivitis 6.00%, arthritis 6.00%, hypertension 6.00%, diabetes mellitus 5.00%, anemia 4.50% and hearing loss 0.50%. In summer heat exhaustion (14.50%) was predominant followed by heat syncope (10.00%. In rainy season ARI (12.00%) was predominant followed by diarrheal diseases (10.50%). In winter mild hypothermia (27.00%) was predominant followed by ARI (4.50%). In recall of last 1 year the important events were crop loss 12.50%, damage to house 10.00%, and unemployment 2.50%. There was no case of anthrax and bird flu. Prevalence of occupational accidents was 5.00%. which includes fall from height 0.50%, heavy object fallen on body 1%, domestic fire 1%, electrocution in house 1%, electrocution by power pump 0.50%, cattle hitting by horn 0.50% and accidental insecticide poisoning 0.5%. Most of the injury occurred in the current week. Majority of the workers (66.50%) had partial tetanus toxoid immunization. Morbidity in this study was better than several studies conducted in Bangladesh and India. By knowing health problems we can give health care to agricultural workers which will prevent diseases and illnesses of them, prolong their healthy life, promote their health and efficiency.

CBMJ 2022 July: vol. 11 no. 02 P: 125-130
Measurement of the Breadth of the Thyroid Lamina in A Bangladeshi Population by Dissection Method
Authors: Ara Anjuman , Ara Zubaida Gulshan , Begum Taslima , Mili Dilruba Afrose , Naher Kamrun
Published: August 2022

A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done to determine the breath of the thyroid lamina and the differences in its values in respect of age and sex in Bangladeshi cadavers. A total 60 postmortem human larynges were collected between October 2008 and March 2009. Among those, 45 (male 23 and female 22) were collected from unknown dead bodies (aged between 9 and 60 years) under autopsy in the mortuary of Department of Forensic Medicine of Mymensingh Medical College, while the other 15 (male 6 and female 9) were collected from stillborn babies of viable age (28 to 40 weeks of gestation) in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The breath of thyroid lamina was measured from laryngeal prominence to the posterior margins of lamina at its transverse plane using slide calipers and differences were observed in between age groups and sexes. The mean±SD breadth of thyroid lamina was found 12.40±1.30 mm in group A (from 28 to 40 weeks of gestation) ranging between 9 and 14 mm, while 26.19±3.69 mm in group B (from 9 to 16 years) ranging between 21 and 35 mm, and 30.76±4.17 mm in group C (from 17 to 60 years) with a range of 24 to 38 mm. The mean breadth of thyroid lamina was highest in age group C (30.76 mm) and was lowest in age group A (12.40 mm). The mean difference of breadth of thyroid lamina between group A & B, A & C and B & C were statistically significant (P=0.000). The breadth of thyroid lamina was found higher in male (32.70±3.96 mm) than that of female (28.00±2.69 mm) in Group C and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Our study revealed that the breadth of thyroid lamina is greater in adult male than female and overall, the value increases with age.

CBMJ 2022 July: vol. 11 no. 02 P: 131-135
Knowledge and Practice of Personal Hygiene Among the High School Students in A Rural Area of Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Maksuda , Alam Fakir Sameul , Hossain Md Tufael , Hasan AHM
Published: August 2022

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during November 2019 to assess knowledge and practice of personal hygiene among the high school students in a rural area of Mymensingh. Proper knowledge and practice of personal hygiene plays critical role in avoiding communicable diseases and benefit the high school students to enjoy healthy life with excellent academic career. Respondents were 244 high school students of different schools in Churkhai, Bhavokhali, Mymensingh who were selected purposively. Age ranged from 10 years to 17 years, mean age 13.32 years with SD ± 1.505 years; boys predominant (boy: girl ratio 146.5: 100). Data were collected on a predesigned questionnaire by direct interviewing the students. Knowledge and practice of personal hygiene were measured using scoring based on correct answers. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20.0. Most of them (217) 88.93% were apparently healthy. Based on presenting symptoms and signs the diagnosed illnesses were ARI (7) 2.87%, diarrhea (5) 2.05%, head lice (5) 2.05%, scabies (4) 1.64%, injury (3) 1.23%, dental caries (2) 0.82% and peptic ulcer disease (1) 0.41%. Important personal hygiene practices inquired were frequency of regular bathing with use of soap or shampoo, combing hair, brushing teeth, hand washing, trimming nails, wearing shoes, clean clothes, avoidance of smoking and appropriate allocation of time for study, outdoor, indoor activities, rest and sleep. Based on aggregate items 80.74% had excellent knowledge and practice on personal hygiene and 19.26% had good knowledge and practice. Knowledge and practice were concordant in all elements inquired except smoking. Knowledge about harm of smoking was 100.00% though avoidance of smoking was 97.95%. Knowledge and practice scores were influenced by educational grade (class VIII at peak), literate parents, better socioeconomic condition and absence of illness. The results are better than the findings of studies conducted in our country and neighboring countries.

CBMJ 2022 July: vol. 11 no. 02 P: 136-143
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Rare Ophthalmic Case Report
Authors: Kadir Syeed Mehbub Ul , Hossain Tanjilla , Haider Md Golam
Published: August 2022

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is a disease originating from lymphoid tissues; however, it may pose a diagnostic challenge. Ocular involvement is more prevalent in non-HL compared to HL. We have reported a rare case of Hodgkin’s lymphoma presented with forwarding bulging of left eye with pain, redness, and watering. The patient also complained of painless swelling of the submandibular lymph node when admitted into the National Institute of Ophthalmology and Hospital (NIOH), Dhaka, Bangladesh; later, incision and biopsy was done at ENT & Head-Neck Cancer Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Histopathology report revealed Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Hodgkin's lymphoma is a malignancy with unknown aetiology. With timely diagnosis and early treatment, our patient began to show gradual improvement with her symptoms. Prompt oncologic treatment and immunotherapy can be beneficial, if instituted early in the course of the disease.

CBMJ 2022 July: vol. 11 no. 02 P: 158-161
Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy (LVNC): A Case Report
Authors: Ahmed Tofayel Uddin , Haque Amdadul , Khan Parvez Rahman
Published: August 2022

Left ventricular noncompaction is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy. It can occur in isolation or coexist with other cardiac anomalies. Clinical presentation varies from patients to patients. LVNC is commonly diagnosed by echocardiography. We descried the case of a man with heart failure for the first time at 55 years of age. Transthoracic echocardiography shows trabeculation and intertrabecular recesses communicate with the ventricle cavity. The patient was relatively well after medical management. This case is reported for clinical awareness and share experience.

CBMJ 2022 July: vol. 11 no. 02 P: 162-166
Direct effects of proteasome inhibitor AdaAhx3L3VS on protein and amino acids metabolism in rat skeletal muscle.
Authors: Kadlčíková J , Holeček M , Šafránek R , Tilšer I
Published: August 2022

Proteasome inhibitors are novel potential drugs for therapy of many diseases, and their effects are not fully understood. We investigated direct effects of peptide vinylsulfone inhibitor AdaAhx3L3VS on protein and amino acids metabolism in rat skeletal muscle. Soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were incubated in a medium containing 30 micromol/l AdaAhx3L3VS or no inhibitors. Total proteolysis was determined according to the rates of tyrosine release into the medium during incubation. The rates of leucine oxidation and protein synthesis were evaluated during incubation in medium containing L-[1-14C]leucine. Amino acid concentrations in the medium were measured using HPLC. AdaAhx3L3VS decreased tyrosine release into the medium by 21 and 19 %, decreased leucine incorporation into proteins by 22 and 12 %, and increased leucine oxidation by 24 and 19 % in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles, respectively. The release of amino acids into the medium was reduced. We conclude that AdaAhx3L3VS significantly decreased proteolysis and protein synthesis and increased leucine oxidation.
Immunomodulatory activities associated with β-glucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Authors: Pelizon AC , Kaneno R , Soares AMVC , Meira DA , Sartori A
Published: August 2022

In this study we investigated the effect of beta-glucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on fungicidal activity, cytokine production and natural killer activity. Spleen and peritoneal cells from female C57BL/6 mice, previously injected (24 or 48 h) with 20 or 100 microg of glucan by i.p. route, were assayed. In vivo beta-glucan administration primed spleen cells for a higher production of IL-12 and TNF-alpha when S. aureus was used as a stimulus. In addition, beta-glucan increased NK spleen cells activity against YAC target cells. Some immunomodulatory activities not yet described for beta-glucan were observed in this work.
Developmental changes of erythrocyte catalase activity in rats exposed to acute hypoxia.
Authors: Rauchová H , Vokurková M , Koudelová J
Published: August 2022

The erythrocytes represent an important source of antioxidant capacity of the blood. Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6.) is one of the enzymatic components of their antioxidant defense system. The objective of this study was to follow erythrocyte catalase (CAT) in 7-, 15-, 21-, 35-, 60- and 90-day-old Wistar rats of both sexes in normoxia and after exposure to intensive acute hypobaric hypoxia. During the development CAT activity increases in both sexes, but the rise was usually higher in females. Hypobaric hypoxia increased CAT activity in all studied age groups of both sexes. However, higher CAT activity in females was less affected by hypoxia than the lower activity in males. This was true for nearly all age groups studied. It can be concluded that both ontogenetic aspects and sex differences play a major role in establishing the activity of CAT, which is an important part of the antioxidant defense of the organism.
Ultrasound in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: What? When? How? Why? Who?
Authors: Amreen Saika
Published: August 2022

Assessment of the ovarian morphology is one of the most commonly performed ultrasound examinations. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial, multifaceted, polygenic disorder with varying phenotypes. It defines a labyrinthine symptomatology including menstrual cycle irregularities, hormonal imbalance, and metabolic disturbance. Historically, this syndrome has been diagnosed clinically with supportive lab parameters. However, the role of ultrasound has mutated from identifying, to mis-defining and finally to re-classifying PCOS. At present it seems that the ultrasound identification of the ‘string of pearls’ has cemented this disease with a misleading name. A supposed increase in the detection of polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound has been accredited to advances in technology allowing better visualisation of the ovaries/stroma/follicles by higher frequency probes with the possibility of endovaginal imaging. Nevertheless, there is a disparity in what the ultrasound shows, how the clinician interprets the report, and what the patient understands about her diagnosis. Identification of the multifollicular ovary is still quite frequently ascribed to PCOS, while ovarian ultrasound remains ambiguous to the different phenotype of PCOS. Whether morphological disparities represent a normal variation in ovarian anatomy or true precursors of PCOS remains debatable. The absence of definition of a ‘normal’ ovary with respect to volume and follicular number, makes the diagnosis of PCOS more challenging.
Teori – Teori Pengembangan Pendidik: Sebuah Tinjauan Ilmu Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Suriadi Suriadi , Mursidin Mursidin
Published: August 2022

Persoalan pendidikan akan menengok kepada pendidik (baca:guru), pendidik dalam realitas saat ini menunjukkan fakta bahwa pihak-pihak yang seharusnya berperan dalam pendidikan dan seharusnya berfungsi sebagai pendidik, telah menyalahgunakan tugasnya dan mengabaikan tanggung jawabnya. Diantara bentuk penyalahgunaan peran kependidikan yang sangat memperhatikan bagi perjalanan dunia pendidikan adalah maraknya tindak kekerasan terhadap anak didik, baik dalam bentuk kekerasan fisik maupun psikis. Selain itu, masih banyak pula ditemukan pada sebagian besar pihak yang seharusnya memiliki fungsi dan tanggung jawab sebagai pendidik, justru tidak merasa sebagai pendidik, sehingga mereka tidak pernah berpikir bagaimana seharusnya pendidikan dapat dilaksanakan. profil pendidik yang disebut dalam al-Qur'an, di antaranya ada empat, yaitu: 1) Allah; 2) para nabi dan rasul; 3) orang tua; dan 4) orang lain. Untuk pendidik yang keempat ini, biasanya disebut dengan istilah guru atau sebutan lain yang semakna dengannya. Hal ini berhubungan dengan semakin berkembangnya berbagai bentuk dan pola pendidikan, terutama yang terkait dengan kelembagaan atau institusi pendidikan, seperti sekolah, pesantren dan yang lainnya. Profil pendidik sebagaimana yang digariskan dalam al-Qur'an tersebut, tidak terlepas pula dengan beberapa sifat mulia yang terdapat pada masing-masing kepribadiannya.

Keyword: Teori Pengembangan Pendidik, Ilmu Pendidikan Islam
Pengembangan Bahasa Lisan Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Tanya Jawab di Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Nurul Muttaqin
Authors: Suhono Suhono , Hamdiah Hidayatul , Asnawi Habib Shulton , Ali Nur , Dea Leli Fertiliana
Published: August 2022

Bahasa adalah sistem lambang bunyi yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi. Bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi yaitu hubungan individu yang satu dengan individu yang lain tidak dapat dipisahkan dari bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi. Metode tanya jawab adalah suatu cara atau prosedur yang ditempuh pendidik yang memungkinkan terjadinya interaksi antara dua arah secara langsung antara guru dengan anak. Sedangkan media visual adalah media yang hanya dapat dilihat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengembangkan kemampuan bahasa pada anak 2) memberikan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan melalui metodetanya jawab di Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Nurul Muttaqin Penumangan Baru Kecamatan Tulang Bawang Tengah Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Barat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan descriptive qualitative dengan tekhnik pengumpulan data observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian pengembangan bahasa lisan anak usia dini kelas B3 di Raudhatul Athfal (RA) ) Nurul Muttaqin Penumangan Baru Kecamatan Tulang Bawang Tengah Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Barat ini dioptimalkan dengan langkah-langkah pelaksanaan metode tanya jawab yaitu : Guru membuat catatan pertanyaan, Guru memberikan waktu yang cukup, Guru mengajukan pertanyaan, Guru mendengarkan secara cermat jawaban yang diberikan oleh anak, Guru selalu memberi semangat kepada anak, Guru menghargai jawaban dari anak.

Keywords: Pengembangan Bahasa Lisan, Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Peningkatan Kemampuan Siswa Sma Negeri 4 Kota Palu Dalam Menulis Resensi Film Laskar Pelangi Melalui Model Discovery Learning
Authors: Mohammad Rahma Rositha H. , Maknun Tadjuddin , Lewa Inriati
Published: August 2022

This study aims (1) to explain the results of the discovery learning model to improve the students' ability of class XI IPA 1 at SMA Negeri 4 Palu City in writing reviews of the Laskar Pelangi film and (2) to explain and analyze the effectiveness of the discoverylearning model to improve the abilities of SMA Negeri 4 students. The city of Palu in writing reviews for the film Laskar Pelangi. This type of research is classroom action research (PTK), in this study there is no comparison class. Experiment class as well as control class. The data obtained before the treatment, both test results and other data, are classified as data from the control class, while the data collected after the treatment isclassified as experimental class data. This research was implemented in several cycles. The results showed that first, there was an increase in student learning outcomes during the learning process by learning to write a movie review of Laskar Pelangi through discovery learning models. The learning outcomes in the first cycle obtained an average value of 74.75% and the second cycle reached an average value of 84.06. The increase in classical completeness learning outcomes is 31.25% with an average value of 9.31 and the classical final test score of 90.03. Second, learning to write Laskar Pelangi movie reviews through discovery learning models to students proves that learning completeness to improve students' competence in writing Laskar Pelangi movie reviews has reached the set KKM that is 75% and is effective and the results are very good compared to learning methods. conventional.

Keywords: students' ability improvement, writing film reviews, discovery learning