bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medicus invidiae
Authors: Preložnik Andrej
Published: February 2023

Fascinum, magični falus, ni le najpogostejše sredstvo za odvračanje zlonosnega pogleda in zavisti, ampak se tudi pojavlja v najrazličnejših oblikah. Tako je tudi na Ptuju, kjer ga srečujemo v raznih izvedbah in kombinacijah - od amuletov in nakita, do upodobitev na uporabnih predmetih in kipih. Falusi so na naštetih predmetih varovali zelo različne osebe, stvari in prostore: otroke, konje in prevozna sredstva, pečat ali zapečateno vsebino, uporabne predmete, bivališča in njihove prebivalce, delavnice in njihove izdelke, prostor in skupnost. Kot osebo varovalo se pojavljajo v obliki različnih amuletov, ki so lahko bili samostojni obeski, lik znotraj enega predmeta ali za predmet znotraj niza večih (crepundia). Med materiali, iz katerih so izdelani, so na Ptuju zaenkrat zastopani takšni, ki jim je bila zanesljivo (zlato, jantar) oziroma verjetno (fajansa) pripisana posebna moč. Po grobnih kontekstih sodeč so jih v Petovijoni nosili predvsem otroci. Iz brona so preostali ptujski amuleti različnih oblik, ki jih lahko verjetno povezujemo z zaščito konja, voza ali prostora. S falusom sta okrašena tudi dva bronasta predmeta, namenjena praktični uporabi. V tem primeru predstavlja falus dodatno varovalo. Na kamnitih spomenikih s falusom gre za sinkretizem Terminusa in Priapa. Herma ter oba reliefa so slogovno sicer različni, falus na njih pa predstavlja tako življenjsko energijo in rodovitnost kot obrambno silo, ki varuje mejo/območje in preganja škodljivce vseh vrst, vključno z zavistneži. Keramični kipec sodi med podobe, ki so z grotesknostjo in faličnostjo ščitile posebej ranljive stanove in obrti. Podobnemu kipcu je lahko pripadal tudi odlomljen keramični falus. Oba predmeta sta bila odkrita na območju lončarske delavnice. Za posodico s falusom zaenkrat ne moremo reči ničesar določenega, razen da je verjetno tudi pri tej falus vsaj deloma apotropejske narave.

Poreklo teh predmetov je podobno raznoliko kot predmeti sami. Gotovo so nekatere izdelali domači obrtniki, opazno eksotični izdelki pa so prihajali iz Italije in Akvileje (jantarni amuleti, krilati obesek), iz vzhodnega Sredozemlja (fajansni), iz zahodnih provinc (pečatna škatlica). Datiramo jih lahko med prvo in tretje stoletje. Dokaj jasno zamejeni so amuleti v nizih, ki so značilni za prvo ali začetek drugega stoletja, podobno velja za obeske s konjske oprave in krilati tintinabulum.
Feeding the Algorithm? Strategies of Technosensation in Artistic Project Based on Bio-Parametrisation’s Techniques
Authors: Twardoch-Raś Ewelina
Published: February 2023

The article investigates various kinds of the strategies of technosensation in artistic project based on bio-parametrisation’s techniques. The category of technosensation is in the article referred to the considerations of Luciana Parisi and Marie-Luise Angerer to define the relationship between body affectivity and computational systems (primarily in relation to automated decision-making systems and machine learning processes). The context for these considerations is the reflection on “technological redlining” as a strategy for racial, gender, and (dis)ability profiling of computational systems, which generate social exclusion, inequalities and oppressiveness. In the article, the author considers (with reference to the considerations of Parisi, Bernard Stiegler, Yuk Hui and Gabbrielle M. Johnson) to what extent the algorithmic biases are the result of automation, and to what extent they result from the absorption of uncertainty, randomness and technodiversity. Technosensation strategies are considered in relation to the artistic practices of Zach Blas, Maja Smrekar, Marija Griniuk and others, pointing to subversive, critical and affirmative variants of technological functionality and agency. The presented projects prove that the functionality of computational technologies is not bipolar, but it is developing as a spectrum of nuanced mechanisms, both in the area of oppressive-exclusionary systems and emancipatory strategies.
Finding a Dead Dove in the Refrigerator. The Anti-Shippers’ Call for Exclusion of Sensitive Content as a Means of Establishing Position in the Field of Fan Production
Authors: Urbańczyk Agnieszka
Published: February 2023

The author of this paper uses Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory to discusses the anti-shipper movement and its call for exclusion of problematic content from online repositories of fanwork. Anti-shippers, who oppose indiscriminate inclusion of potentially harmful content and its creators in the field of fan production, are a relatively new and vocal faction inside the field. While the research on antis has focused on their methods of harassment and its effects on fan community, this paper discusses the conditions inside the field before the movement’s emergence, focusing on the affordances and terms of service of online fanwork repositories. The author proposes to treat the question of exclusion of sensitive content and its creators as one concerning the field’s autonomy, and presents the anti controversy as a way for newcomers to establish their position in the field and change its problematic.
Liberackość książek dla dzieci
Authors: Wrzeszcz Kamil
Published: February 2023

Liberariness of Literature for Children

The article suggests to consider children’s literature as an example of liberature. The author refers to the use of this term as popularized by Zenon Fajfer and further developed by Krystyna Zabawa, who compared works of liberature to author’s books and picturebooks. The article explains the phenomenon of liberature and examines selected literary works while pointing to their liberature features – Katsumi Komagata’s First Look: Beginning for Babies, a volume designed by Emilia Dziubak in the series “Rok w,” and One written by Sarah Crossan. Using terms such as multiliterate, intersemioticity, or polysemioticity, the author proves t at many children’s texts can be described as examples of liberature – even when it is not explicit.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY USE, MODE OF SAVING, DISPOSABLE INCOME AND SAVING AMONG HOUSEHOLD HEADS IN RURAL AREAS OF UGANDA
Authors: Namawejje Hellen , SSebyala John , Wadada Robert , Uwamungu Christian , Omuuti Titus , Tusingwire Amon
Published: February 2023

Background: Savings can be one of the channels to fight poverty among people living in rural areas. Saving is an important macroeconomic variable that can promote economic development through improving the country’s gross domestic product. This study investigated how digital technology use, mode of savings, disposable income influences the saving of the household head in rural areas of Uganda. Methodology: FinScope 2018 secondary dataset was used. A sample of 578 household heads living in rural areas and available during the interview were selected for this study. A binary logistic regression model was adopted. Results: Results show that household heads with some primary (not P.7) were 1.872 (OR=1.872, p=0.029, CI=(1.064-3.295)), some secondary completed (not P.6) were 2.391 (OR=2.391, p=0.017, CI=(1.166-4.902)), and completed P.7 were 2.365 (OR=2.365, p=0.019, CI=(1.150- 4.863)) times more likely to save compared to those who had never gone to school respectively. Again, household heads who had disposable income were 2.486 times more likely to save compared to those who never had (OR=2.486, p=0.000, CI= (1.694-3.649)). With the mode of savings, household heads who were saving with village savings and loan associations (VSLA) were 5.897 times more likely to save compared to those who used banks. Also, household heads who had access to mobile phones were 1.696 times more likely to save compared to those who had access to computers (OR=1.696, p=0.066, CI= (0.966-2.977)). Conclusions and recommendations. Education level, disposable income, VSLA, and access to mobile phone support household head savings in rural areas. Financial and digital education should be encouraged to improve the saving culture among people in rural areas
MALNUTRITION AND MATERNAL MORTALITY IN BAUCHI NORTH SENATORIAL DISTRICT, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Yaya Jamilu , Ikpi Etobe Eteng
Published: February 2023

Malnutrition is one of the common global health challenges that may influence deaths in developing countries, especially among pregnant women and children under 5 years. This paper looks into the influence of malnutrition on maternal mortality. A cross-sectional survey was adopted as the research design, and both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from the respondents. The study was guided by gender equity theory. The study findings indicated that majority of the pregnant women dieting and nutritional intake were poor. Also, the study found some intermediary factors in addiction to malnutrition that influenced maternal health and maternal mortality. These factors include age, and occupation among others. The paper recommends that government should introduce a policy on pre-marital health education. Moreso, drugs or supplements containing the required quantity of protein, vegetables, and fruits should be made available to pregnant women, during the first and second trimester of pregnancy.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY IN AUTOMOBILE RACING
Authors: Hongyao He , Jianguo Tian
Published: February 2023

Based on the translation of terms of automobile racing in China, as well as the author’s own translation practice, this paper summarises the characteristics and the translation methods of scientific and technical terms in automobile racing. It also analyzes the relevant examples in order to provide some reference for the translation of scientific and technical terms in automobile racing.
IMPACT OF BUSINESS BLASTER PROGRAM ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF DELHI SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Kapani Shrey
Published: February 2023

The government of India has been pushing enterprise as a prominent policy aim under its administration. The young polity of the nation is uniquely susceptible to enterprise- encouraging programs. This paper studies the impact of one such program, The Delhi Government’s Business blaster program, in promoting entrepreneurship amongst its high school participants. The study is based on primary data collected from the actual participants of the program and studies the impact of the program on the entrepreneurial intentions of the participants vis-a-vis the academic prowess of participants, the family background of participants (income and occupation), and gender.
A Nonlinear Analysis of the Relationship between Urbanization and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Pakistan: A Fresh Evidence
Authors: Asghar Nabila , Rehman Hafeez ur , Sultan Muhammad Salman
Published: February 2023

The nature of the linkage between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions has been a point of concern among researchers, policy makers and environmentalists for the last three decades. Due to the rapid economic growth and social progress in urban areas, a considerable part of rural labor force have migrated to urban areas for jobs, education and health facilities. It results in significant increase in energy requirements in urban areas that have caused several challenges related to ecological pollution. Pakistan is one of the developing nations with a rapid rate of urbanization as well as varying economic growth rate. This study analyzes the relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions in the presence of institutional quality, foreign direct investment and access to electricity. For analysis purpose, the study uses nonlinear ARDL estimation technique on Pakistani data for the period 1984-2020. The results show that the partial sum of positive/negative changes in urbanization are positively/negatively connected with carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, foreign direct investment inflows cause environmental degradation, while access to electricity is positively connected with carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. But, institutional quality considerably declines carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan. The study concludes that positive part of urbanization has more significant effect than the negative counterpart. The study recommends that there is a need to promote economic friendly energy consumption pattern for improving the quality of environment in Pakistan.
Awake Craniotomy Under Local Anaesthesia and Monitored Conscious Sedation for Resection of Brain Tumours in Eloquent Cortex – Outcomes in 20 Patients
Authors: Low David , Ng Ivan , Ng Wai-Hoe
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Resection or even biopsy of an intra-axial mass lesion in close relationship to eloquent cortex carries a major risk of neurological deficit. We review the safety and effectiveness of craniotomy under local anaesthesia and monitored conscious sedation for resection of mass lesions involving eloquent cortex.

Materials and Methods: We performed a 3-year retrospective review of patients who underwent awake craniotomy under local anaesthesia at the National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. All patients had tumours in close proximity to eloquent cortex, including speech areas in the dominant hemisphere as well as primary sensory and motor cortex in either hemisphere. Brain mapping was performed by direct cortical stimulation using the Ojemann stimulator to identify a safe corridor for surgical approach to the tumour. Intraoperative physiological monitoring was carried out by assesment of speech, motor and sensory functions during the process of surgical resection. All resections were evaluated and verified by postoperative imaging and reviewed by an independent assessor. Postoperative complications and neurological deficits, as well as extent of tumour resection, were evaluated.

Results: A total of 20 patients underwent stereotactic resection over a period of 3 years from July 2003 to August 2006. There were 7 male patients and 13 female patients, with a mean age of 39.8 years. The average length of stay was 5.5 days. There were no major anaesthetic complications and no perioperative deaths. Postoperative neurological deficits were seen in 6 patients (30%) and this was permanent in only 1 patient (5%). The degree of cytoreduction achieved was greater than 90% in 58% of patients and a further 21% had greater than 80% cytoreduction.

Conclusion: Tumour surgery with conscious sedation in combination with frameless computer stereotactic guidance is a safe technique that allows maximal resection of lesions in close relationship to eloquent cortex and has a low risk of neurological deficit.

Key words: Awake craniotomy, Brain tumour, Cortical mapping, Cytoreduction, Tumour resection
Managing Higher Education Pain Points for Knowledge and Innovation for Africa’s Development: Lessons from the Rest of The World
Authors:   Programme Manager, MSc in International Operations and Supply Chain Programme, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering (CENU), National University of Science and Technology (NU), PO Box: 2322, PC 111 Al Hail, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, TADERERA, (PH.D.) DR. FAUSTINO
Published: February 2023

The main thrust of this research was to contribute to theory building in the Pain Points Theory (PPT) and their applicability in African Higher Education Institutions (referred to as AHEI right through), with focus on colleges and universities. The research explored gaps in knowledge regarding this theory as a contribution to knowledge, and in this instance the AHEI was the sample and epicentre of the research and was expected to meet foremost the needs of industry and government as employers of graduated students, then the needs of students and society in knowledge and innovation. This research was conceptual research using literature review only. A Pain Point or constraint is anything that prevents the system from achieving its goal like poor funding, high teaching loads, unattractive research prizes and incentives, low salaries that drive away talented academics and others and finally poor resourcing. The main reasons giving rise to this research were the facts that some colleges and universities in Africa faced challenges in graduate employability and suitability for industry and funding and needed accreditation by government agencies, and some had low innovation and research output. The main objective of this research was to contribute to theory building in the Theory of Higher Education and PPT and identify critical success factors for efficiency in service delivery excellence to students, industry and society in line with market orientation philosophy. The secondary objective was employability of graduates as the end product, maximising knowledge creation and innovation. Qualitative research method in the form of conceptual research was used in this research. The main findings were low salaries were driving away academics to NICs and overseas developed countries, lack of practicals/diverse teaching methods, lack of compulsory internship, unfair assessment, balancing classes with free time, the need for diversity in terms of faculty, uncommitted students, incompetent faculty, outdated syllabus, students from high schools not being college ready, graduates not matching industry requirements, poor internet service, low knowledge creation, lower levels of innovation and industrialisation in Africa, unattractive prizes for researchers and same for research incentives, lack of apprenticeship in some countries and no research funding.
FACTORS SHAPING THE POETRY OF P. GALBINUR AND INDIVIDUALITY FEATURES OF STYLE
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Heybatova A.J.
Published: February 2023

Pasha Galbinur is one of the poet who stands out for his creative talent, unique thinking and style in contemporary literature. The poet, who was formed in the hell of the literary and cultural environment of the 80s of the last century, rooted with all his potential in the awakening of the national spirit, has always become a problem of serious analysis at the level of supertemporality and transcendence. In general, the renewal that began in the 1960s is characterized by the mobility of different typologies, different models of the paradigmatic landscape, and new schemes for expressing memory codes in subsequent decades. Literary and theoretical thought followed the path of analyzing the general course of the process with all its aspects at different levels, trying to understand and clarify the essence from a rational and irrational point of view
THE THEORY OF GENERATIONS: FEATURES OF MEDIA CONSUMPTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF ACTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   ", Maskova N.G. ,   Maikop State Technological University", Khazhgerieva A.A. ,   Adygh State University
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the current problems of media consumption caused by the development of digital technologies, the media market and Internet communications. Using statistical and logical research methods, the article defines the features of media consumption and identifies factors influencing the perception of information by different age audiences. The theory of generations explains the heterogeneous process of information perception among audiences of different age groups, contributes to the establishment of effective communication. It has been concluded that representatives of the media business could create more in-demand information products that meet the needs of the audience of digital media resources based on the study of the value orientations of generations.
Cytogenetic study of subtypes of Down syndrome and its relation with pattern of congenital cardiac defects
Authors: Haider Areiba , Sarah Khan  , Raafea Taweez Kuraishi  , Muhamamd Shahid Akhtar
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of subtypes of Down syndrome by karyotyping, and to establish the frequency of congenital cardiac defects in this population.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Genetics, Children Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from June 2016 to June 2017, and comprised Down Syndrome patients aged <15 years. They were subjected to karyotypic analysis for determining the subtype of the syndrome, and echocardiography of all cases was done for the assessment of congenital cardiac defects. The two findings were subsequently used to establish a relation between the subtypes and congenital cardiac defects. Data collected, entered and analyzed by the SPSS version 20.0.
Results: Among the 160 cases, trisomy 21 was found in 154(96.2%), translocation 5(3.1%) and mosaicism 1(0.6%). Overall, 63(39.4%) children had cardiac defects. Among such patients, patent ductus arteriosus was most common 25(39.7%), followed by ventricular septal defects24(38.1%), atrial septal defects16(25.4%), complete atrioventricular septal defects 8(12.7%), and tetralogy of Fallot3(4.8%), while 6(9.5%) children had other defects. Atrial septal defects was the most common double defect 9(56.2%) and had the highest coexistence with patent ductus arteriosus in Down syndrome cases with congenital cardiac defects.
Conclusion: In Trisomy 21, the most common cardiac defect was patent ductus arteriosus, followed by ventricular septal defects isolated defects, whereas in mixed defects, atrial septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus were the highest.
Key Words: Down syndrome, Congenital cardiac defects, Karyotyping, Children Hospital, Lahore.
Happy Family Without Stunting melalui Pemberian Edukasi Status Gizi untuk Ibu dan Kader Jakarta Utara
Authors: Harahap Sarah Geltri , Mailintina Yurrita , Ellynia Ellynia , Efkelin Ria , Pipin Apriliana
Published: February 2023

Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak balita akibat kekurangan gizi kronis terutama pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan. Masalah stunting penting untuk diselesaikan, karena berpotensi mengganggu potensi sumber daya manusia dan berhubungan dengan tingkat kesehatan dan kematian anak. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu dan kader tentang stunting sehingga mampu melakukan tindakan pencegahan stunting pada anak di Posyandu Nusa Indah RW13 Kelurahan Sunter Agung Jakarta Utara. Metode pengabdian yakni dengan penyuluhan, diskusi dan tanya jawab dengan kuesioner dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat didapatkan adanya peningkatan kategori pengetahuan ibu dan kader mengenai stunting, sehingga dapat mengimplementasikan tindakan pencegahan stunting pada anak.
Specific Employees Affairs System for RAL International Company- Part 1
Authors: G.F.Saif Abdulelah
Published: February 2023

Employee’s affairs systems are rapidly developing in line with the rapid development of the digital sector. Employee’s affairs systems in companies are often systems within companies that include all digital resources/information that the employees need. Sometimes the employee needs a resource/information while he is outside the company, which forces him to go to the company to obtain that resource/information even if it is late, or to postpone work on that resource until next day, which will negatively affect the employee’s work. To resolve this problem, we are working to find online system for managing the digital resources/information to be available for employees at any time and any space inside the company or outside it. We need Visual Studio editor to use the programming languages, ASP, C#, and SQL SERVER to manage the database. In this paper, system requirements and system design will be presented. Implementation part will be presented in the next paper.
Treatment of Surface Water Runoff in Igala-Mela, Kogi State Nigeria Using Local Materials
Authors: Kadiri M. A , Ndububa O. I , Abdullahi Abdullahi. I.
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Water is life and majority of the sicknesses in the world today is either contracted through water or air. There is need to reduce the spread of these diseases that spread by lack of drinkable water available to people. Some areas in Nigeria experiences scarcity of water fit for domestic use, such areas as Igala-Mella area of Kogi State and extended to environs in Nnsuka Enugu State faces this challenge of access to safe water. Most people in the study area obtain drinking water from storm water which is polluted by dust and animal droppings. In view of this, this study is geared to harvesting the storm water, fabricate mini pilot plant, and use locally available material and extract of neem tree which serves as antibacterial to kill the bacterial present in the water.

Methodology: The pilot plant was fabricated to allow the flow of water under gravity. It has the storage, aeration, chemical inject, stirrer formulated and the filter bed. All the material used were sourced locally. The raw water was fed into the storage, opened to allow to flow through the stages as arranged in the mini pilot plant with the neem extract added. At the end, the treated water was collected. The raw water was tested before treatment to determine the level of contamination. After treatment, the pure water was subjected to quality test.

Findings: The result shows that there is an improvement in the water quality characteristics as there is reduction in the color, taste, PH, other chemicals such as; Zn, Fe, Nitrate, Nitrite, Potassium, Nitrogen, Phosphate, Cadmium, Lead were reduced after test. Bacteriological test such as oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, shegella, salmonella sp shows reduction in the treated water.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This shows that with mini pilot plant and the extract can be used to treat raw water at household level using this mini plant and the neem tree extract.
The Relationship between Democracy and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Densumite Sorfina
Published: February 2023

The effect of democracy on economic growth receives excellent attention in theoretical and empirical studies. However, much-existing literature provides conflicting views of democracy on economic growth. For this reason, this paper aims to empirically investigate the relationship between democracy and economic growth in thirty-three countries from 2010 to 2020. This paper examines this relationship in the context of the panel data framework. The study investigates the relationship by employing Panel unit root, cointegration tests, and panel vector error correction model (VECM) methodology associated with Wald test approaches. The preliminary empirical results show that democracy has a positive effect on growth. Furthermore, a long-run causality runs from democracy to real GDP, and both variables are cointegrated. The results conclude that a well-functioning political system by upgrading democratic accountability can positively contribute to a higher economic growth rate.
Civil Society Organizations and Social Protection of Vulnerable Gender-diverse Persons (LGBTQ+) in Isan, Thailand
Authors: Phoruean Kamonlaya , Pienkhuntod Ajirapa
Published: February 2023

The purposes of this study were: 1) to investigate the social protection by civil society organizations (CSOs) provided for vulnerable gender-diverse persons (LGBTQ+) 2), to compare the social protection of vulnerable gender-diverse persons (LGBTQ+) by the formal CSOs and informal CSOs. This research collected information by using the in-depth interview method. There were 7 key informants in total, and they were selected from the formal CSOs and informal CSOs operating in Isan. The gathered information was analyzed according to the thematic analysis approach. The research findings indicated that CSOs provided social protection for the vulnerable LGBTQ+ in Isan via 6 types of social protection: 1) Counselling, 2) Health and sexually transmitted diseases check-up service, 3) Coordination and liaison, 4) Presentation and dissemination of information, 5) Distribution of charitable donations, and 6) Finding the employment opportunities. Each organization engaged in social protection differently, depending on the main organizational objective and personnel’s specialization. An organization usually cannot provide all types. Furthermore, the study also found similarities and differences between social protection by formal and informal CSOs in seven domains: personnel, funds, resources (equipment/skill/knowledge), connection and network with other organizations, areas of operation, methods of reaching the target group, and government support.
Women in Philippine Government Financial Institutions: A Network Analysis of Interlocking Governing Boards
Authors: Bugayong Precious Grace , Sadicon Meriel Tobin , P. Katigbak Jovito Jose
Published: February 2023

Interlocking directorship is often described as the practice of members of a corporate board of directors serving on the boards of multiple corporations simultaneously. In the Philippines, previous studies have shown that of all the directors that served on the top 100 corporations, only 15 percent are women. On average, women comprise only 13 percent of the board of directors of individual companies. Hence, this study examines board interlocks within Philippine Government Financial Institutions (GFIs) and their gender aspect. By analyzing ten GFIs through network analysis over the period 2017-2019, this study finds two important points: (i) women’s representation in the board has been significantly low and (ii) board interlocking is highly connected and highly concentrated on a few directors holding multiple seats. Although they are still connected with the rest of the network members, women must go through farther and lengthier paths to reach other members than their male counterparts. This diminishes the opportunities to be an influential and significant network member. Thus, this paper recommends bringing the issue into national policy debates and creating better employment opportunities for women.
An Updated Review on Drug Regulatory Affairs
Authors: Shriniwas Mane  , Sanjay K. Bais  , Ajay Yedravkar
Published: February 2023

The field of regulatory affairs (RA) serves as a link between the global pharmaceutical sector and regulators. It was created in response to governments’ desire to safeguard the public’s health by regulating the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, veterinary drugs, medical equipment, pesticides, agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, and other goods. Companies that are in charge of the development, manufacture, testing, and sale of these products aim to guarantee that they deliver safe and efficient goods for the welfare of the general public. Different registration criteria for pharmaceutical products are covered by pharmaceutical drug regulatory affairs. As a result of the demand for superior quality medicine that includes safety and efficacy in the areas of not only pharmacy but also veterinary medicine, medical devices, insecticides, pesticides, agrochemicals, cosmetic, and supplementary medicine, a new profession called pharmacy was created. Additionally, it created a connection between the pharmaceutical corporation and the regulating bodies. Maintaining the appropriateness and accuracy of the product information is another duty assigned to it. And its primary responsibility is to serve as a point of contact for regulatory agencies, providing expertise and regulatory intelligence in translating regulatory requirements into realistic, workable plans, and advising the company on regulatory aspects and the regulatory environment that would affect their proposed projects..
Fully automated clinical target volume segmentation for glioblastoma radiotherapy using a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Sadeghi Sogand , Farzin Mostafa , Gholami Somayeh
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Target volume delineation is a crucial step prior to radiotherapy planning in radiotherapy for glioblastoma. This step is performed manually, which is time-consuming and prone to intra- and inter-rater variabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model for automatic segmentation of clinical target volume (CTV) in glioblastoma patients.

Material and methods

In this study, the modified Segmentation-Net (SegNet) model with deep supervision and residual-based skip connection mechanism was trained on 259 glioblastoma patients from the Multimodal Brain Tumour Image Segmentation Benchmark (BraTS) 2019 Challenge dataset for segmentation of gross tumour volume (GTV). Then, the pre-trained CNN model was fine-tuned with an independent clinical dataset (n = 37) to perform the CTV segmentation. In the process of fine-tuning, to generate a CT segmentation mask, both CT and MRI scans were simultaneously used as input data. The performance of the CNN model in terms of segmentation accuracy was evaluated on an independent clinical test dataset (n = 15) using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance. The impact of auto-segmented CTV definition on dosimetry was also analysed.

Results

The proposed model achieved the segmentation results with a DSC of 89.60 ± 3.56% and Hausdorff distance of 1.49 ± 0.65 mm. A statistically significant difference was found for the Dmin and Dmax of the CTV between manually and automatically planned doses.

Conclusions

The results of our study suggest that our CNN-based auto-contouring system can be used for segmentation of CTVs to facilitate the brain tumour radiotherapy workflow.
IMPACTO SAÚDE DOENÇA NO CONTROLE DE PESO COM USO DE HIPOGLICEMIANTES DA CLASSE ANÁLOGOS DO GLP-1
Authors: Cabral Iza Eduarda Garcia , Costa Bárbara Rodrigues , Lemes Gabriella Pereira , De Queiroz Rafaela Lacerda , De Araújo Giovanna Gomes , Ferreira Gabriel Vitor , Machado Jean Marcos Xavier , De Oliveira Maria Aurea Soares
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender  o Impacto saúde doença no controle de peso com uso de hipoglicemiantes na classe análogos do GLP-1. Metodologia: A pesquisa fundamentou-se em uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura entre os meses de Setembro e Outubro de 2022, o levantamento de dados foi realizado em três principais fontes de dados, são elas: Scielo, PubMed e Lilacs. Conclusão: O uso da Liraglutida e outros análogos análogos do GLP-1, bem como dos inibidores de SGLT-2 apresentam ótimos resultados, demonstrando uma significativa eficácia dentro dos ensaios clínicos recentes no controle de peso, quando devidamente associada como complemento à mudanças no estilo de vida, além de evidenciar benefícios cardiovasculares. No entanto, há risco de efeitos adversos que devem ser considerados ao iniciar o uso.
In-Between Textiles, 1400-1800
Authors: Marín-Aguilera Beatriz , Hanß Stefan
Published: February 2023

In-Between Textiles is a decentred study of how textiles shaped, disrupted, and transformed subjectivities in the age of the first globalisation. The volume presents a radically cross-disciplinary approach that brings together world-leading anthropologists, archaeologists, art historians, conservators, curators, historians, scientists, and weavers to reflect on the power of textiles to reshape increasingly contested identities on a global scale between 1400 and 1800. Contributors posit the concept of “in-between textiles,” building upon Homi Bhabha’s notion of in-betweenness as the actual material ground of the negotiation of cultural practices and meanings; a site identified as the battleground over strategies of selfhood and the production of identity signs troubled by colonialism and consumerism across the world. In-Between Textiles establishes cutting-edge conversations between textile studies, critical cultural theory, and material culture studies to examine how textiles created and challenged experiences of subjectivity, relatedness, and dis/location that transformed social fabrics around the globe.
Subjectivities In-Between Early Modern Global Textiles
Authors: Marín-Aguilera Beatriz , Hanß Stefan
Published: February 2023

Between 1400 and 1800, intensifying cultural, economic, and colonial connections
turned textiles into global artefacts. In a world as globalised as never before, this
chapter shows, experiences and strategies of cultural positioning put textiles
centre-stage for the negotiation of ever more ambivalent identity politics across
the world. This chapter introduces the concept of “in-between textiles,” building
upon Homi K. Bhabha’s notion of in-betweenness as the actual material ground of
the negotiation of cultural practices and meanings, as well as a site for elaborating
material strategies of subjectivity.
Economías de opción en la constitución a título gratuito inter vivos de un usufructo
Authors: Melguizo Garde Marta
Published: February 2023

Las diferencias existentes en la tributación tanto de la constitución gratuita por actos inter vivos de un usufructo, según sea por deductio o traslatio, como de la posterior consolidación del dominio, según se produzca en el nudo propietario o en el usufructuario y la causa que la produzca, nos llevan a plantear la posibilidad de utilización de estas figuras por un individuo que ha tomado la decisión de transmitir en vida unos bienes y que a la hora de elegir cómo hacerlo, dentro de las posibilidades que el ordenamiento jurídico le brinda, opta por aquella que suponga un menor coste tributario, cumpliendo estrictamente con la legalidad vigente. El análisis de la regulación tributaria sobre estas figuras, que presenta algunas deficiencias señaladas en el artículo, y el posterior análisis financiero llevado a cabo nos lleva a concluir que si el adquirente es muy joven y el transmitente mayor o anciano, la constitución del usufructo por traslatio y la donación de la nuda propiedad, tras tres años y un día para que no procediera la acumulación, sería una opción muy recomendable. En cambio, si se trata de transmisiones a hijos muy maduros o ancianos, sería más recomendable constituir el usufructo por retención para posteriormente donarlo, en los términos señalados anteriormente, al nudo propietario.
Transparencia Fiscal Internacional y Derecho Europeo: conclusiones del AG en el asunto Cadbury Schweppes
Authors: Palao Taboada Carlos
Published: February 2023

En vista de la jurisprudencia dictada por el Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas sobre la aplicación de las libertades fundamentales del Derecho comunitario en materia de imposición directa, los comentaristas ya habían advertido de que la transparencia fiscal internacional, como se designa en España a este régimen, era difícilmente compatible con dichas libertades. Sin embargo, recientemente se han publicado las conclusiones del Abogado General en el asunto Cadbury Schweppes, con el que la cuestión se planteó finalmente ante el Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas, y en ellas apunta una flexibilización de dicha jurisprudencia, en la línea iniciada por la sentencia Marks & Spencer. Si, como es muy posible, la sentencia acepta en lo fundamental la propuesta del Abogado General, sentará una nueva doctrina acerca de los límites de la conformidad con el Derecho comunitario de las normas internas para combatir formas específicas de elusión fiscal, cuya importancia excederá con mucho del supuesto concreto de la transparencia fiscal internacional. De aquí el gran interés de estas conclusiones generales incluso para aquellos Estados que, como España, ya han resuelto, en principio, el problema de este régimen por vía legislativa.
Normativa Contable Internacional y el Fondo de Comercio en las combinaciones de negocios
Authors: Salvador Montiel María Dolores
Published: February 2023

En el presente trabajo analizamos el tratamiento contable dado por la normativa internacional al fondo de comercio que surge en las combinaciones de negocios, normativa que, por otra parte, ha sido adoptada por la Unión Europea. La aprobación de la NIIF-3 introdujo importantes cambios en el tratamiento contable de las combinaciones de negocios en relación con la derogada NIC-22. Por lo que se refiere al fondo de comercio, destaca el reconocimiento del fondo de comercio negativo como ingreso del ejercicio. No obstante, el cambio de mayor impacto ha sido la eliminación de la amortización sistemática estableciendo en su lugar la prueba del deterioro de valor de acuerdo con los criterios señalados en la NIC-36. En tal sentido, si bien dicho cambio ha representado un acercamiento de las normas internacionales a las normas americanas permitiendo de este modo un mayor grado de comparabilidad de los estados financieros, dado que el test de deterioro está sujeto a una serie de estimaciones encaminadas a determinar el valor recuperable de las UGE a las que se ha distribuido el fondo de comercio, cuestionamos el grado de fiabilidad de la información contable cuando se reconocen pérdidas por deterioro.
Escrituras privadas y pago del tributo: dos cuestiones
Authors: Sánchez Pedroche José Andrés
Published: February 2023

Las reflexiones que se vierten en el artículo versan sobre las especialidades tributarias que se derivan de la existencia de contratos formalizados en documentos o escrituras privadas a los efectos de la posible prescripción del ITPAJD y la antigüedad de los bienes transmitidos para verificar en qué medida es posible la aplicación de la vigente Disposición Transitoria Novena de la LIRPF.
Procedimientos de gestión y recaudación (supuesto general)
Authors: Díez-Ochoa y Azagra José M.ª
Published: February 2023

A continuación se reproduce un caso práctico en el que se analizan las diferentes implicaciones de los procedimientos de gestión y recaudación, con el objetivo de ofrecer al lector un análisis y comentario sobre las cuestiones más novedosas y relevantes. Comentar que se ha tenido en cuenta a la hora de solucionar el supuesto el Proyecto de Reglamento de las actuaciones y los procedimientos de Gestión e Inspección tributaria, pendiente de aprobación a la fecha de la redacción del mismo.
El inicio del plazo de prescripción en las transmisiones formalizadas en documento privado a efectos del Impuesto sobre Transmisiones Patrimoniales
Authors: Malvárez Pascual Luis Alberto
Published: February 2023

En contra de la creencia generalizada, la norma específica sobre el inicio de la prescripción que, en los casos de transmisiones formalizadas en documentos privados, establece el artículo 50.2 del Texto Refundido de la Ley del Impuesto sobre Transmisiones Patrimoniales y Actos Jurídicos Documentados no supone una excepción al principio general de actio nata que rige en esta materia en virtud de la LGT. En realidad, en estos casos la cuestión litigiosa se centra en la determinación del momento en que se entiende transmitida la propiedad, para lo que se aplicarán las reglas del Derecho privado, salvo las excepciones expresamente contempladas en el artículo 7 de dicha ley. Así, la fecha del otorgamiento del documento privado no se considera probada por su constancia en el mismo, aunque puede corroborarse por cualquier medio admitido en Derecho. Además, en virtud de la teoría del título y el modo, que rige en nuestro sistema jurídico, es necesaria también la prueba de la entrega del bien objeto del contrato. Sólo desde que se acredite la concurrencia de ambos aspectos se puede considerar realizado el hecho imponible y devengado el tributo. La fecha así establecida se tendrá en cuenta a todos los efectos, incluido el inicio del cómputo de la prescripción.
Si no es posible probar tal fecha, se admite la eficacia del documento frente a la Hacienda Pública desde que concurran las circunstancias del artículo 1.227 del Código Civil. No obstante, las circunstancias determinadas en dicho precepto tan sólo permiten acreditar la certeza sobre la existencia del acuerdo de voluntades, debiéndose probar por otros medios que ha operado la entrega del bien. Por tanto, si en estos casos no se acredita la tradición no puede iniciarse el plazo de prescripción, pues difícilmente puede darse este efecto sin que previamente se haya realizado el hecho imponible. La fecha de la transmisión así determinada se aplicará a todos los efectos en el Impuesto sobre Transmisiones Patrimoniales. En realidad el señalado artículo 1.227 resulta aplicable no sólo en dicho impuesto, sino en todos aquellos tributos en los que de la fecha de la transmisión derive algún efecto relevante. En cualquier caso, también es posible la prueba de la transmisión mediante otras circunstancias diferentes a las expresamente determinadas en dicha norma. Normalmente, la prueba tendrá carácter indirecto y se derivará de un conjunto de indicios que permitan adverar no sólo la existencia del documento en una fecha cierta sino también la transmisión de la posesión del bien al adquirente.
Impuesto sobre Sociedades. Normas aparecidas en 2005
Authors: Sanz Gadea Eduardo
Published: February 2023

2005 no ha sido un año de bruscas modificaciones en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades, pero ha sido un año importante, por dos motivos.
La reafirmación del régimen fiscalmente privilegiado de la inversión colectiva, a través de la renuncia, en vía de desarrollo reglamentario de la Ley de Instituciones de Inversión Colectiva, a establecer requisitos de distribución del patrimonio colectivo, lo que será contemplado con decepción desde posiciones de igualdad tributaria y alivio desde la perspectiva de la defensa de una tributación moderada, cuando no simbólica, del capital.
¿Son conciliables ambos objetivos –igualdad y eficacia– en relación con la fiscalidad de la inversión colectiva? Desde luego que sí. Ahora, en vísperas de la reforma del impuesto por excelencia portador de la esencia de la justicia tributaria, esto es, el Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas, cabe la esperanza de que se produzca tan fructífero encuentro, del que hay muestras en el Derecho comparado.
La tributación en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades, de acuerdo con un resultado basado en las normas internacionales de información financiera, es ya una realidad para el sector de las entidades de crédito. Más allá de las justificadas críticas, esta vez desde el principio de igualdad en su expresión horizontal, lo que se advierte es la idoneidad de tal resultado para configurar el núcleo de la base imponible del Impuesto sobre Sociedades.
Eficiencia de las normas de valoración españolas para la tasación de las propiedades inmobiliarias a fines contables: un nuevo paso hacia el logro de la armonización internacional
Authors: Clavijo Hernández Francisco , Rodríguez Rodríguez Aurora María
Published: February 2023

Bajo el paradigma utilitarista de la Contabilidad, el florecimiento de la investigación empírica como sistema informativo para el mercado de capitales ha sido vertiginoso a partir de los años 70. Por su parte, los principales marcos conceptuales han hecho eco de las conclusiones obtenidas de los principales estudios empíricos, entre los que podemos destacar las investigaciones que han versado sobre la forma en que se ha de representar la información contable, animados por la idea de que no sólo es importante cómo se valora la información contable, sino también cómo se revela a los usuarios, surgiendo los novedosos estados financieros sobre los que todavía se debate en el seno del IASB. Dichos estados financieros incorporan las alteraciones de valor patrimoniales producidas por la aplicación del valor razonable a diferentes elementos, entre los que podemos destacar las propiedades inmobiliarias, activos investigados en nuestro trabajo.
Ante tales expectativas atribuidas a la Contabilidad y dado el interés que muestra el Anteproyecto de Reforma Contable Española por la aplicación del criterio del valor razonable a otros elementos patrimoniales en el futuro, resulta oportuno, en nuestra opinión, que previa a su implantación se analicen las consecuencias que de diversa índole pueden originar la adaptación de la normativa internacional contable en la legalidad española. En lo que respecta a las propiedades inmobiliarias y, dado que la aceptación precisa de las reglas que las valoran y representan conlleva, además, la aprehensión de normas emitidas por el International Valuation Standards Committee, el objetivo final de nuestro trabajo es analizar los problemas que pueden obstaculizar este proceso de armonización contable en España, teniendo en cuenta nuestra actual legislación en materia de valoración de bienes inmuebles.