bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetic Test of Ethanolic Extract of Ant Nest Plants (Myrmecodia sp.) Against the α-Glucosidase Enzyme In Vitro
Authors: Daniel Daniel , Isa Muhammad , Hasan Muhammad , Sari Wahyu Eka , Rosmaidar Rosmaidar , Aisyah Siti , Athaillah Farida , Frengki Frengki
Published: July 2024

The use of plants, one of the biological sources, as an alternative medicine for degenerative diseases is increasingly being studied. Usually, the biological effects of these plants come from the secondary metabolite components contained therein. Ant nest is one of them which is reported to contain compounds belonging to the class of flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols. This research was conducted in vitro by observing the antidiabetic potential of the ethanolic extract of ant nests against the α-glucosidase enzyme following the modified "Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Japan" protocol. The results showed that the inhibitory power of α-glucosidase of the extract was stronger than that of the quercetin control with IC50 values of 10.59 µg/mL and 38.09 µg/mL, respectively. These results proved that the ethanolic extract of ant nest had very strong α-glucosidase inhibitory property. Predictive analysis of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the bioactive compounds contained in the ant nest extract showed that rutin has similar characteristics to acarbose® as a first-line anti-diabetic drug of choice through an α-glucosidase inhibitor mechanism, so rutin is worthy of consideration for development as an anti-diabetic candidate.
Deep Learning–Assisted Parameter Monitoring and Optimization in Rotary-Percussive Drilling
Authors: Sun Wucheng , Tao Yakun , Wang Zhiming , Tan Songcheng , Duan Longchen , Fang Xiaohong
Published: July 2024

As an efficient method for hard rock fracturing, rotary-percussive drilling has been widely used in various scenarios, especially deep drilling. Drilling parameter monitoring and control are necessary to ensure stable and efficient underground drilling processes. However, this may be more difficult in deep, harsh conditions.

In this paper, our goal is to establish models based on deep learning for drilling parameter monitoring and optimization. Combining impregnated diamond bits and granite rock samples, we conducted rotary-percussive rock drilling experiments using a rock drilling test rig. Real-time acoustic signals during rotary-percussive drilling were recorded, segmented, and transformed as spectra, which made up a drilling acoustic signal data set. Drilling parameters, including rotational speed (revolutions per minute, RPM), pump flow rate, pump pressure, weight on bit (WOB), torque, and rate of penetration (ROP), were logged in the meantime. Given the acoustic signal as input, we built 1D convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) models for drilling parameter prediction. The prediction results revealed the high efficiency and accuracy of 1D-CNN regression models based on deep learning in drilling condition monitoring. Batch normalization played an essential role in the regression model training processes. Given that these parameters have different units and dimensions, we compared models with different output modes to evaluate the multiparameter prediction performance of the 1D-CNN. Taking RPM, flow rate, pressure, and WOB as independent variables and torque and ROP as dependent variables, we developed a conditional variational autoencoder to realize optimization on drilling parameters based on expected drilling performance.
Formative research to understand food beliefs and practices relating to pregnancy on Kei Besar Island, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Mogi Jessica Gloria , Premikha M , Gittelsohn Joel , Sanjaya Adhi , Nabila Ona , Prihartono Indira
Published: July 2024

Background:Food-related beliefs and practices during pregnancy may contribute to the high prevalence of chronic energy deficiencies (CED) in Eastern Indonesia, particularly in Southeast Maluku regency, where 21.33% of pregnant women experience CED. Currently, little information on these issues is available. This study investigates food beliefs and practices related to pregnancy on Kei Besar Island in the Maluku province of Eastern Indonesia.
Methods:A qualitative study was conducted utilizing in-depth interviews, free lists, and pile sort exercises. Data collection was conducted in January 2023 and involved married pregnant women aged 18 and above (n=12), community health volunteers (n=2), and traditional healers (n=3) from 9 villages in Kei Besar District. All participants must be natives of Kei Besar Island, with community health volunteers and traditional healers being respective figures recommended by the local villagers.
Results:The need to avoid or minimize consumption of certain foods during pregnancy, such as some kinds of fish, chili and spicy food, soda, pineapples, octopus, squid, and ice was reported by more than one-third of all participants. Consumption of prescribed foods, such as cassava leaves, papaya, coconut water, rice during early pregnancies, moringa leaves, bananas, and katok leaves was reported by five or more participants. These food proscriptions and prescriptions were due to concerns about the risks of miscarriage, adverse effects on the fetus and mother, and complications during labor. Participants also reported other practices, such as eating for two during early pregnancy and reducing food intake in late pregnancy. We found that food beliefs have shaped the dietary patterns of most participants. However, they still consumed food recommended by community health volunteers and midwives.
Conclusions:Food beliefs are present and practiced in the Kei Besar community and may impact the nutritional status of women and their infants. Interventions should target training healthcare providers and community health volunteers to provide culturally appropriate health education that incorporates prescribed local ingredients and provides nutritionally adequate substitutes for the proscribed food items.
Trial Registration: Not applicable
Closing the gender gap: the flawed backwards approach
Authors: Chattopadhyay Soomrit , A VIVEKANAND , J Anjali
Published: July 2024

This paper examines inadequate access to sanitation and healthcare for women in India from legal, policy and gender justice lenses. Despite India’s progress in closing gender gaps in bank account ownership and toilet access, deficits persist in provision of enclosed toilets and affordable healthcare for women. This violates constitutional rights and worsens public health outcomes. The paper introduces relevant social concerns and reviews academic literature on impacts of limited access on women’s health, safety, privacy and status. The methodology relies on secondary data analysis. Key findings highlight continued lags in healthcare and sanitation access for women compared to financial inclusion, indicating policy gaps. Recommendations encompass legal, regulatory and budgetary measures to fulfill the constitutional right to public health and sanitation for women in India. Bridging these gender gaps will have multiplier effects across education, livelihoods, maternal mortality reduction and gender equality as envisaged under the Sustainable Development Goals.
Interplay Between Strain and Charge in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Flexible Photovoltaics
Authors: Jo William , Park Ha Kyung , Yim Kanghoon , Lee Jiyoon , Cho Yunae , Jeong Inyoung , Shin Donghyeop , Gwak Jihye , Walsh Aron , Kim Kihwan
Published: July 2024

Flexible and lightweight Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cells are promising for versatile applications, but there is limited understanding of stress-induced changes. In this study, the charge carrier generation and trapping behavior under mechanical stress was investigated using flexible CIGS thin-film solar cells with various alkali treatments. Surface current at the CIGS surface decreased by convex bending, which occurs less with the incorporation of alkali metals. The formation energy of the carrier generating defects increased in convex bending environments clarifying the degradation of the surface current. Moreover, alkali-related defects had lower formation energy than the intrinsic acceptors, mitigating current degradation in mechanical stress condition. The altered defect energy levels were attributed to the deformation of the crystal structure under bending states. This study provides insights into the mitigating of strain-induced charge degradation for enhancing the performance and robustness of flexible CIGS photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, direct atomic force microscopy-based probing techniques on bent material surfaces can contribute to the understanding of interplay between the strain and charge in other flexible optoelectronic devices.
Influence of single and tandem-submerged Arc Welding on ASTM A572 Gr.50 steels
Authors: Kumar Adapa Mahanth , Kumar Polamuri Sudheer , Kumar Perka Ashok , Kiran Degala Venkata , Arora Kanwer Singh , Venkaiah Nasina
Published: July 2024

Square butt joints were prepared using two different materials, Niobium (Type 1) and Vanadium (Type 2) micro-alloyed ASTM A 572 Gr.50 steels, employing both single wire submerged arc welding (SAW) and two-wire tandem submerged arc welding (SAW-T) processes, with a constant heat input per unit length of 2.5 kJ/mm maintained throughout the study. The weld profile, microstructure, and mechanical properties were analyzed for SAW and SAW-T processes. It was observed that the weld width, hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and impact toughness of the welds increased with SAW-T compared to SAW. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the two types of steel weld joints. Type 1 steel weld exhibited higher acicular ferrite, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength due to the intra-granular nucleation of Niobium carbonitrides in austenite. In contrast, Type 2 steels displayed a higher percentage of elongation, hardness, and impact toughness at 25°C. At -20°C temperature, SAW-T welds show higher HAZ toughness than SAW welds. Also, Type 2 welds showed enhanced toughness in comparison to Type 1 welds by mitigating the pinning effect of precipitates.
δ 13 C, δ15 N, and δ 34 S for elucidating the terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecosystems in Greece
Authors: Dotsika Elissavet , Poutouki Anastasia Electra , Kyropoulou Dafni , Karalis Petros
Published: July 2024

In this study, we provide an extensive database of sulfur isotope values of samples from Greece, including those from plants and terrestrial and aquatic animals. This is the first study to examine sulfur isotopes in modern plants, animals, and fish bones (fresh and marine reservoirs) from Greece. The results show a clear offset in δ34S values between terrestrial and aquatic animals derived from dietary resources from marine or freshwater reservoirs. This δ34S offset and the clear difference between S-C-N isotopes permit the reconstruction of the dietary habits of domesticated herbivores and demonstrate differences in husbandry practices and animal movement. Additionally, the combination of sulfur and nitrogen values permits the reconstruction of the diet of omnivores, revealing the type of protein consumed. These isotopic data will provide an essential baseline for archaeological, ecological, and forensic studies.
Impact of Simulated Gastric Acid on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Vacuum-Formed Retainers: An In Vitro Study
Authors:   1.	Huda Alkawari,   2.	Laila Baidas,   3.	Areen Alyahya,   4.	Renad Alotaibi,   5. Eman Alshayea
Published: July 2024

Background
A decrease in the oral pH levels may have detrimental effects on vacuum-formed retainers since an acidic oral environment could impact the mechanical and physical properties of these retainers. The present in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated gastric acid at pH 4 and 1.2 on the surface microhardness, flexural strength, and color change of three different types of orthodontic retainer materials.
Methods
A total of 144 vacuum-formed commercially available retainer materials: copolyesters, polypropylene, and PET-G (n = 48/group) were evaluated. Each specimen was immersed in distilled water, and then the specimens were divided into two subgroups: those with a pH of 4 and those with a pH of 1.2. The microhardness test was performed using Innovatest, the flexural strength was evaluated by a universal testing machine, and the color change was analyzed using a spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and paired t-tests at a significance value of P ≤ 0.05.
Results
Our findings indicated a significant decrease in flexural strength in all the experimental groups after immersion in pH 1.2 and 4 solutions (p-value = 0.000), with PET-G being the most affected material, followed by copolyester and polypropylene. Only two materials, copolyester, and PET-G, demonstrated a significant decrease in surface microhardness following immersion in a pH 4 solution (P = 0.001 and P = 0.025, respectively). The copolyester material exhibited the greatest degree of color alteration.
Conclusion
The study concluded that copolyester adversely affects flexural strength, surface microhardness, and color when subjected to immersion in simulated gastric acid. Therefore, care is recommended for patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Total laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: preliminary experience of a single center
Authors: Du Yusheng , Wang Ji , Liu Li , Ma Hongqin , Zhao Wenxing , Li Ying
Published: July 2024

Background To describe our preliminary experience in the procedure of laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and evaluate its feasibility, safety, and clinical effect.Methods Retrospectively summarized the 44 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent laparoscopic surgery in our hospital from August 2019 to September 2023. Collected the clinical data of those patients, including 13 cases of Bismuth typeⅠ,17 cases of Bismuth type Ⅱ, 5 cases of Bismuth type Ⅲa, and 9 cases of Bismuth type Ⅲb.Results Laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma was ultimately performed in 38 (86.3%) patients, of the remaining patients, 3 patients required vascular reconstruction in order to complete radical surgery and thus convert to laparotomy, and other 3 patients underwent T-tube drainage only due to unresectable metastases. The median operation time was 285 min (range, 190–450). The median estimated blood loss was 360 mL (range, 260–1200). The length of postoperative stay was 14.3 ± 3.6 days. There was no death case during the perioperative period. The postoperative pathological examination showed negative microscopic margin (R0) in 39 cases, and positive microscopic margin (R1) in 2 cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 patients (18.1%), 4 cases (9.0%) of Grade I, 3 cases (6.8%) of Grade II, 1 case (2.2%) of Grade III, and no Grade Ⅳ complications. The median overall survival for patients who underwent radical R0 resection was 30.4 months (range, 5.3–43.6). The overall survival rate was 73.6% at 1 year, 61.2% at 2 years, and 40.1% at 3 years.Conclusion Total laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is safe, feasible, and effective if performed by an experienced surgeon after accurate preoperative evaluation.
Impact of fermented wheat flour on the quality of dried white salted noodles: cooking, physicochemical, structural breakdown, microstructure and sensory evaluations
Authors: Lubowa Muhammad , Yeoh Shin-Yong , Fricher Viklawan , Moses Ojukwu , Easa Azhar Mat
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the physicochemical properties, cooking characteristics, structural breakdown, microstructure, and sensory qualities of dried white salted noodles with varying proportions of fermented wheat flour (FWF). The noodle formulations included 100% commercial wheat flour (100WF), 75% wheat flour with 25% FWF (75WF:25FWF), 50% of each (50WF:50FWF), and 25% wheat flour with 75% FWF (25WF:75FWF). Incorporating FWF reduced the optimum cooking time, cooking yield, pH and lightness values but increased the redness and yellowness values. Noodles with over 50% FWF exhibited greater cooking losses, increased breakability and lower textural and structural breakdown values. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that noodles with over 50% FWF had a weakened gluten structure with larger, more irregular pores. In contrast, 75WF:25FWF maintained similar cooking performance and structural integrity as 100WF, both featuring a compact and dense gluten network with smaller pores, which not only required significant effort to break down but also contributed to superior cooking performance and excellent texture. Proximate composition analysis revealed that 75WF:25FWF had lower moisture and higher fibre content. Despite lower sensory scores, the textural differences were not significantly noticeable. Incorporating FWF could potentially enhance the nutritional value of noodles by increasing fibre content while maintaining acceptable cooking and textural qualities.
Intervention for impending pathological fractures at proximal femur is associated with lower mortality rates in patients with intermediate-to-high risk according to the Katagiri-New score
Authors: Nishimoto Toshiyuki , Shimizu Hirokazu , Matsuoka Masatake , Takahashi Daisuke , Shimizu Tomohiro , Iwasaki Norimasa , Soma Tamotsu , Hiraga Hiroaki , Iwata Akira
Published: July 2024

Background
Prophylactic intervention for impending pathological fractures (IF) is associated with improved survival in patients with long-bone metastasis. However, information regarding whether the tumor burden and/or physical status are associated with survival benefits of intervention for IF is lacking.
Methods
This multicenter retrospective study investigated 121 patients who underwent surgery for 63 impending and 58 complete metastatic fractures of the proximal femur between 2008 and 2023. After matching for age, sex, body mass index, and Katagiri-New score, 42 patients with IF were compared with 42 patients with complete pathological fractures. The 1-year mortality rate was considered the primary outcome, and was compared and stratified by risk based on the Katagiri-New score. The 1-year mortality rate was evaluated according to the surgical method in the subgroup analysis of patients with IF.
Results
The 1-year mortality rate was significantly lower in patients with IF with intermediate-to-high risk(p = 0.04), whereas no difference was observed in patients with low-to-high risk. IF was associated with a significantly higher rate of home discharge (p < 0.01) and improved post-operative ambulatory function (p = 0.07). The subgroup analysis of patients with IF revealed no difference in the survival rate between nailing and hemiarthroplasty.
Conclusion
Patients with intermediate-to-high risk IF based on the Katagiri-New score had a lower mortality rate than those who underwent surgery for pathological fractures. A higher rate of home discharge was observed in patients with IF. Based on the Katagiri-New score, survival benefits can be obtained from prophylactic intervention for IF of the proximal femur in patients with intermediate-to high-risk.
Transcrotal Incision Surgery: A Promising Approach for Stage I Testicular Malignant Germ Cell Tumors in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Lv Danni , He Min , Tang Yinbing , Fu Cangcang , Wang Jinhu , Ling Yun , Zhu Jihua
Published: July 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of surgical intervention utilizing scrotal incision for the treatment of stage I testicular malignant germ cell tumors in pediatric patients.
Methods
A total of 47 pediatric patients diagnosed with stage I testicular malignant germ cell tumors, admitted to the children's hospital between January 2017 and December 2022, were included in this investigation. The patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical approach employed: scrotal incision group (15 cases) and inguinal incision group (32 cases). Various parameters including demographic information, operative duration, postoperative hospitalization, and occurrence of postoperative complications were collected and compared between the two groups.
Results
All 47 cases underwent successful surgical procedures. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding age, weight, and tumor diameter (P > 0.05). Additionally, there were no significant disparities in operative duration and postoperative hospitalization between the scrotal incision and inguinal incision groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative AFP levels significantly decreased in both groups compared to preoperative levels (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in AFP levels between the two groups at each time point (P > 0.05). In terms of complications, one case in the scrotal incision group experienced incision dehiscence, while no perioperative complications occurred in the inguinal incision group. The disease-free survival rates were 13/15 and 29/32 for the scrotal incision group and inguinal incision group, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
Scrotal incision surgery exhibits comparable clinical efficacy and prognosis to traditional inguinal incision surgery in the treatment of stage I malignant testicular germ cell tumors in pediatric patients. The procedure is simpler and associated with manageable complications, making it a valuable approach for clinical application.
Resistive index of central retinal artery, aortic arterial stiffness and OCTA correlated parameters in the early stage of Fabry disease
Authors: Rinaldi Michele , Chiosi Flavia , Passaro Maria Laura , Natale Francesco , Riccardo Alessia , D’Andrea Luca , Caiazza Martina , Rubino Marta , Monda Emanuele , Cennamo Gilda , Calabrò Francesco , Limongelli Giuseppe , Costagliola Ciro
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Fabry disease (FD) on retinal microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), arterial stiffness, and the resistive index (RI) of the central retinal artery (CRA) in early disease stages.
Methods
Twenty-nine genetically confirmed FD patients and twenty-six healthy controls were enrolled. Vessel density (VD) values of the superficial, deep, and choriocapillaris plexuses (SCP, DCP, and CC) were measured via OCTA. CRA RI was studied using color Doppler and grayscale sonography, and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed with the Complior method.
Results
CRA RI was significantly lower in the control group compared to the Fabry group (p < 0.001). Central VD was found to be significantly higher in the control group compared to the Fabry group in all the retinal layers (SCP (p < 0.001), DCP (p < 0.005), CC (p < 0.001)). PWV was significantly higher in the Fabry group than in the control group (p = 0.03).
Conclusions
Fabry disease patients demonstrate elevated arterial stiffness, increased CRA RI, and diminished retinal microvascular density compared to healthy controls, indicating early ocular damage. Continuous monitoring and targeted screening for organ impairment are crucial in FD management. Identifying biomarkers for assessing ocular vascular involvement and treatment response is imperative. Further research is needed.
A Non-Invasive Stem Cell Therapy Boosts Lymphopoiesis and Averts Age-Related Blood Diseases in Mice
Authors: Bryder David , Konturek-Ciesla Anna , Zhang Qinyu , Kharazi Shabnam
Published: July 2024

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation offers a cure for a variety of blood disorders, predominantly affecting the elderly; however, its application, especially in this demographic, is limited by treatment toxicity. In response, we developed a murine transplantation model based on low-intensity conditioning protocols using antibody-mediated HSC depletion. Initially, we identified significant age-related impediments to effective HSC engraftment. By optimizing HSC doses and non-toxic targeting methods, we could significantly enhance the long-term multilineage activity of the transplanted cells. We demonstrate that young HSCs, once transplanted, not only survive but thrive in aged hosts, dramatically improving hematopoietic output and ameliorating age-compromised lymphopoiesis. This culminated in a strategy that robustly mitigated disease progression in a genetic model of myelodysplastic syndrome. These results suggest that non-invasive HSC transplantation could fundamentally change the clinical management of age-associated hematological disorders, offering a novel, prophylactic tool to delay or even prevent their onset in elderly patients.
Esophagectomy versus Total Gastrectomy for Siewert Type II Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Süer Muhammed Salih , Akkapulu Nezih
Published: July 2024

Background:
The incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma is declining, while cases located in the proximal stomach are increasing. Surgery remains the primary curative treatment option for gastric cancer. Debate persists regarding the optimal surgical approach for Siewert type II esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. This study aims to assess the outcomes of these surgical options based on real-world data, evaluating overall survival, mortality, anastomosis failure and complication rates.
Methods:
Between 2001 and 2021, 1015 patients underwent esophagectomy and total gastrectomy. After exclusions, 139 patients with Siewert type II adenocarcinoma were included.
Results:
Among 139 patients, the median age was 61.58 years, with a predominance of males. Total gastrectomy had a shorter hospital stay (p<0.01) and lower rates of anastomosis failure (p<0.001) and severe morbidity (p<0.05) compared to esophagectomy. Mortality rates at 30 and 90 days did not differ between the two groups. Tumor size was larger in the gastrectomy group (p<0.05). Locally advanced disease was predominant (89.2%). Overall five-year survival was 38.7%, with no significant difference between surgical approaches (p=0.891).
Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that total gastrectomy and esophagectomy offer similar overall survival rates for Siewert type II adenocarcinoma patients. Factors such as tumor size, severe morbidity, and stage 4a significantly impact survival. Locally advanced disease is associated with worse survival. Total gastrectomy and esophagectomy yield comparable overall survival rates in Siewert type II esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. Severe morbidity is a critical factor affecting survival and should be carefully considered when selecting the surgical approach.
Rehabilitation program on knee osteoarthritis pain management in Iranian peri-menopausal women
Authors: Dashtian Masoomeh , Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Shirazi Kambiz Karimzade , Yazdanpanah Parviz , Maghbouli Reza , Shojaei Sarallah
Published: July 2024

Background: Based on prevalent knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in Iran, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a model- based educational intervention in reducing knee pain and symptom in peri menopausal women with knee osteoarthritis in Yasouj, Iran.
Methods: This randomized, parallel-controlled was conducted on 100 peri- menopausal women with KOA who randomly divided to two groups of intervention and control (50 women in each group). The model-based knee protective interventional program was applied just for intervention group. The clinic did allocation sequence procedures blindly to the groups and both participants and investigators were blinded. Data by demographic questionnaire, Western Ontario and Mc. Master Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), rheumatoid arthritis self- efficacy (RASE) and a designed checklist were collected at baseline and 6-monthh follow up and analyzed by SPSS24.
Results: A total of 100 informed peri- monaural women with mean age of 46.02 ± 4.85 years took part in this study. Comparing mean difference of both groups at 6- month follow up showed significant improvement for the intervention group versus control group regarding clinical symptom (13.10 ± 11.42 vs 5.5 ± 10.6 ; P<0.001), joint stiffness (8.99 ± 8.85 vs 1.69 ±8.96 ; P< 0.001), muscle strengths (3.00 ± 8.2 vs 1.00±0.01; P<0.001 ), and daily activities (12.50 ± 8.31 vs 5.06± 4.04 ; P< 0.001) and pain severity (16.50 ± 7.37 vs 2.56 ± 4.08; P<0.001 ).
Conclusion: The program strategies could be effective in promoting protective behaviors and relieving knee pain and symptoms in peri - menopausal women with KOA.
Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials IRCT20220105053636N1
Date of registration on 2022-02-05
Survey on adverse events associated with drug therapy for breast cancer patients
Authors: Hara Fumikata , Nagasaki Reiko , Minami Reiko , Izutani Tadahiro , Yoshida Takahiro , Arai Ayako , Nihei Akiko , Sakurai Naomi , Ohno Shinji
Published: July 2024

Background
In the breast cancer treatment, there may be a gap between patients’ information needs and physicians’ perceptions. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive questionnaire survey aimed to assess the specific information needs of patients regarding the adverse events (AEs) associated with treatment.
Methods
A web-based questionnaire survey (UMIN000049280: Registered on October 31, 2022) was conducted in patients with a history of breast cancer treatment. Responses were obtained regarding AEs experienced, AEs for which remedies were identified, AEs patients sought to prevent, and pre-treatment information on AEs patients desired to have.
Results
Data from 435 breast cancer patients were analyzed. The most common AEs reported included hair loss (93.3%), malaise/fatigue (89.4%), nail changes (83.2%), dysgeusia (69.0%), leukopenia/white blood cell decreased (65.1%), neuropathy (62.3%), and nausea/vomiting (61.4%). Financial anxiety was reported in 35.2% of the participants. AEs for which a minority of patients found effective solutions included neuropathy (20.3%), financial anxiety (21.6%), edema (24.3%), joint pain (26.0%), and malaise/fatigue (26.7%). Patients expressed the greatest desire to avoid hair loss (34.7%), followed by nausea/vomiting (23.7%), interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis (5.5%), malaise/fatigue (5.1%), and dysgeusia (5.1%). The most commonly requested pre-treatment information regarding AEs was their duration, followed by prevention methods, management strategies, time to onset, and the impact on daily life.
Conclusions
This survey highlights the existence of significant unmet medical needs among breast cancer patients, due to the inadequate solutions available for managing AEs associated with various therapeutic agents. In addition, the survey revealed that patients have different information needs regarding different types of AEs.
Water-Soluble Anthociyanin–Au(III) Nanocomplex and Its Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Properties
Authors: ŞENDAL Kaan , DEMİRHAN Nebahat , ÖZGÜR Mahmure ÜSTÜN , YAPAÖZ Melda ALTIKATOĞLU
Published: July 2024

Recently, Au(III) complexes are being drafted with greater interest as potential new metal-based medications. Even though Au(I) compounds are widely recognized and utilized in modern medicine, novel Au(III) complexes and ligands with different donor atoms are being prodeced and examined for their biological (antimicrobial, antitumor) activities. The anthocyanin molecule gives preferential coordination reaction with Au(III) ion. Herein, we reported an efficient synthesis and characterization of anthocyanine containing Au(III) nanocomplex. The structure of synthesized water-soluble anthociyanin–Au(III) nanocomplex (AcAuNPs) was characterized using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (QTOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). SEM images proved that the AcAuNPs were in spherical form with sizes ranging from 10 to 13 nm. The result of DLS analysis showed that the average particle size synthesized at reflux temperature was 140 nm in diameter, and at room temperature was 560 nm, and AcAuNPs had monodisperse systems (polydispersity index, 0.478 and 0.301 at reflux and room temperatures, respectively). The anthocyanin ligand forms the Au(III) coordination compound in a bidentate, square planner geometry with two oxygen donor atoms (ligand/metal:1/1). AcAuNPs synthesised at reflux and room temperatures have strong inhibition against both E. coli and S. aureus (respectively 16, 19 and 14,17 mm) bacterial strains. We suggest that AcAuNPs can be used as the antibacterial agent. AcAuNPs had significant ability or react with free radicals to make them stable and could work as natural antioxidants to eliminate harmful free radicals produced by normal cellular functions.
Projected climate change impacts on hydrological droughts in Japan: Dependency on climate and weather patterns
Authors: Ohba Masamichi , Arai Ryosuke , Sato Takahiro , Imamura Masahiro , Toyoda Yasushi
Published: July 2024

The global community is growing increasingly concerned about the impact of climate change, particularly the expected increase in droughts and associated depletion of water resources in the coming years. However, specific future projections using high-resolution climate simulations focusing on the frequency and intensity of hydrological droughts in Japan are currently lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of climate change on hydrological droughts in central Japan using hydrological model simulations based on climate projections derived from an ensemble of high-resolution downscaling at a 5-km scale. The results indicated a decrease in streamflow during summer as climate change progressed, corresponding to increased drought events. In addition, there was a considerable increase in the number of consecutive hydrological drought days, reaching an unprecedented level. Moreover, the application of self-organizing maps (SOMs) to atmospheric data allowed for the examination of the relationships between summer river discharge and climate/weather patterns under future and present climate simulations. The SOM analysis indicated that the impact of climate change on river discharge varies by climate/weather patterns. Hydrological drought events tend to be stronger in certain future patterns. In particular, future projections indicate an increase in monthly-scale hydrological droughts in climatic backgrounds characterized by southerly and easterly airflows as precipitation decreases and evapotranspiration increases. The results of this study provide valuable insights for considering adaptation strategies concerning dry-season water use in future climate scenarios.
Influence Of Curing Heat Time on Silty Clay Laterite Soil Stabilized with a Metakaolin-Bischofite-Alkalinization; Strength and Microstructural Characterization
Authors: ADANE AYELE , MURTY V. R.
Published: July 2024

Many researchers have highlighted the significant influence of various parameters, including initial curing conditions, alkaline activator concentration, ingredient composition, and curing temperature duration, on the characteristics and effectiveness of high calcium geopolymer-stabilized soil. However, there is limited research on the effects of different curing temperatures and durations on the stabilized silty clay laterite soil using environmentally friendly low-calcium geopolymers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how the duration of curing temperature affects the strength and microstructural characteristics of subgrade soil stabilized with metakaolin-bischofite-alkalinization, a novel additive. The experiment involved applying curing temperatures ranging from 25°C, 40°C, 600C, and 80°C with curing periods of 1, 2, and 3 days for each temperature treatment to assess the reaction kinetics. Each sample was further cured for 7-, 14-, and 28- days at controlled room temperature before testing. The results indicated that curing temperatures significantly enhanced strength even at lower temperatures, such as 25°C. The UCS and E50 showed the most significant improvement when specimens were cured at 60°C for 3 days, leading to a noticeable enhancement compared to untreated soil conditions. Moreover, FE-SEM, EDS, and TGA findings confirmed a compact soil matrix with the presence of magnesium-silicate-hydrate (M-S-H) and sodium-aluminate-silicate-hydrate (N-A-S-H) cementitious gel phases.
Association between “A Body Shape Index” (ABSI) with periodontitis in a hypertension population from the NHANES 2009–2014
Authors: Gu Xuanyan , Luo Shiyi , Sun Jiangling , Jin Fuqian , Song Jukun , Chen Zhu
Published: July 2024

Objective
A body Shape index (ABSI), defined as waist circumference (WC)/ (body mass index (BMI) 2/3 × height 1/2), is unique in that the ABSI is positively associated with visceral obesity and is independent of BMI. The ABSI has also been shown to be positively and linearly correlated with the amount of visceral adiposity in the general population and with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is uncertain whether ABSI is associated with periodontitis in hypertensive patients.
Methods
A cross-sectional study of 2,482 hypertensive patients (mean age 65.2 ± 9.1 years) was conducted using the ABSI Z score, periodontitis as a dichotomous variable, the ABSI Z score as a continuous variable, and multiple covariates such as age, gender, and race. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple logistic regression, subgroup analysis with EmpowerStats (version 4.2), and curve transformation plots were generated.
Results
In multivariate logistic regression analysis, ABSI Z score showed a significant positive association with periodontitis in the hypertensive population in all three models. When ABSI Z score was divided into low, medium, and high three groups, we observed that those with the highest ABSI Z score had a 20% increased risk of periodontitis among people with hypertension (OR = 1.2; 95%CI, 1.0-1.5, P = 0.046). We used smooth curve fitting to confirm the results and found that these results were still supported, and additional subgroup analyses showed that the positive association between ABSI Z score and periodontitis in hypertensive population was stable and consistent in the general population.
Conclusion
The present cross-sectional investigation showed a positive association between ABSI Z score and periodontitis in a hypertensive population.
Body composition and metabolic profile during chemotherapy in early-stage breast and cervical cancer patients in Douala, Cameroon: A hospital-based study
Authors: Anaba Dominique , Mboussi Wilfried Steve Ndeme , Bell Ester Dina , Mayeh Anne Marthe Maison , Mananga Jean Charles , Ndom Paul
Published: July 2024

Changes in body composition during chemotherapy can negatively influence the prognosis of cancer patients. In order to assess changes in body composition in patients undergoing chemotherapy, a case-control study was conducted in the cobalt therapy departments of the Douala General Hospital. The overall objective of this study was to determine the impact of chemotherapy and stage of disease on changes in body composition in women with breast or cervical cancer followed at the oncology unit of Douala General Hospital. Muscle mass, body fat and body water percentages were measured by the bioimpedancemetry method and blood samples were collected for the measurement of albumin and creatinine concentrations. The results were analysed using SPSS version 16 for Windows (SPSS, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). The mean age of the patients was 44.62 ± 11.23 years for breast cancer (BC) patients, 50.37 ± 10.78 years for cervical cancer (CC) patients and 46.11 ± 10.43 years for controls. Muscle mass, body fat and body water decreased significantly in cases compared to controls (respectively p = 0.0028, p = 0.004, p = 0.004). According to the stage of the disease when the two clinical groups were taken individually muscle mass decrease significantly between stage 1 to stage 2 in patients with BC (p = 0.001), but not in patient with CC (p = 0.84). Body fat and body water percentages decrease not significantly between stage 1 to stage 2 in the both cancer. Metabolically, creatinine concentrations were significantly elevated in both groups of patients compared with controls (p < 0.001), and albumin concentrations were significantly low (p < 0.001). In terms of disease stage, creatinine concentrations increased but not significantly between stage 1 and stage 2 in breast cancer patients (p = 0.08) and decreased non-significantly in cervical cancer patients (p = 0. 95). Albumin concentrations decreased significantly in cervical cancer patients (p = 0.01) between stage 1 and stage 2 but did not decrease significantly in breast cancer patients (p = 0.55). In conclusion, chemotherapy considerably altered the physical and metabolic body composition of breast and cervical cancer patients included in our study.
Unilateral Retinal Telangiectasia with Peripheral Vascular Sheathing: A Case Report
Authors: Low Chien Xue , Mohamed Shelina Oli , Zahari Mimiwati
Published: July 2024

Background
Idiopathic retinal telangiectasia refers to ectatic changes in retinal blood vessels without identifiable causes. This includes a range of diseases such as Coats’ disease, Leber’s miliary aneurysms, and macular telangiectasia. Visual acuity can be severely affected when there is severe exudation or if the macula is involved. However, retinal telangiectasia can also be a sequelae to a primary ocular or systemic disorder, also known as ‘’Coats’-like reaction”. As a result, clinical presentations can overlap, making diagnosis a challenge. We present a case of unilateral retinal telangiectasia in a young adult male with atypical features of peripheral vascular sheathing and distal non-perfusion in the absence of clinically visible exudation and discuss its diagnostic challenges.
Methods
Case report.
Results
A 25-year-old male presented with painless blurring of vision in the right eye for two months.
Best-corrected Snellen visual acuity was 3/60 in the affected eye, with relative afferent pupillary defect observed, and 6/9 contralaterally. Anterior segment examination was unremarkable. Right eye fundoscopy showed aneurysmal telangiectasia at the macula, 360 degrees perivascular sheathing and telangiectasia of peripheral retinal vessels. There was no exudation, neovascularization, tractional membranes, vitritis, retinitis and choroiditis. Left eye fundus was unremarkable. Optical coherence tomograph of the macula revealed disorganization and thinning of the inner retinal layers with minimal intraretinal fluid. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed leakage from the aneurysms, extensive peripheral capillary fallout and enlarged foveolar avascular zone. Blood investigations ruled out metabolic, infective, hematological and autoimmune causes. Carotid Doppler showed no stenosis and CT angiography of the brain did not show any vascular abnormalities. In view that no causes was identified, a diagnosis of idiopathic peripheral telangiectasia, possibly stage 1 Coats’ disease, was made. Treatment consisted of FFA-guided laser photocoagulation to the areas of non-perfusion. Intavitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor was not done in view of poor visual prognosis. The condition and visual acuity remained stable during 18 months of follow-up.
Conclusion
This case highlights the overlapping spectrum of retinal telangiectasia and its diagnostic challenges. Although stage 1 Coats’ disease could be a possibility, some features were atypical for this diagnosis. An inflammatory vasculitis with a secondary “Coats-like reaction” is postulated, but the exact etiology is still unknown.
Dual effects of Pepstatin A on Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood-stage and early gametocyte development
Authors: Niramolyanun Gamolthip , Praikongkatham Chonnipa , Jenwithisuk Rachaneeporn , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Pankao Viriya , Kangwanrangsan Niwat
Published: July 2024

Background
Plasmodium falciparum is the most important species of malaria parasites, capable of causing severe illness and mortality, especially in pregnant women and children under the age of 5. In the patient's blood, the asexual stage and gametocyte cause harmful manifestations, impacting the patients and contributing to the spread of the disease in the community, respectively. Unfortunately, most recent drugs targeting the asexual blood-stage do not affect the gametocyte. The discovery of a new drug with dual effects on both stages would be a cost-effective way to combat malaria. Within a human host, the parasite possesses many activities for its survival, such as invasion, egress, hemoglobin degradation, and protein trafficking, many of which are related to aspartyl protease.
Methods
Pepstatin A, the representative of the board-spectrum aspartyl protease inhibitor, was utilized to investigate its inhibitory effects on parasite development. The experiments were separately performed in vitro for four different developmental stages of parasites, including the asexual blood-stage, early developmental stage of gametocytes, late developmental stage of gametocytes, and gamete formation. To demonstrate the effect of pepstatin A, the number of intact parasites and their stage distribution were counted under the microscope and calculated as a percentage of inhibition compared to the control. Moreover, morphological changes in pepstatin A-treated parasites were illustrated to observe alterations in parasite development.
Results
Pepstatin A (100 µM) inhibited the asexual stage and early-stage gametocyte development by 47% and 73%, respectively. Besides, the parasite also exhibited morphological defects, including vacuolization and hemozoin clumping in both asexual blood-stage and early-stage gametocyte. However, it could not influence the late-stage gametocyte development and gamete formation.
Conclusions
Pepstatin A exhibited a dual effect by inhibiting both asexual blood-stage and early-stage gametocyte development, suggesting its potential for reducing the severity of the disease and minimizing transmission. However, for its practical application in treatment, further research and development are required, with a focus on identifying drug targets and modifying the drug to be more sensitive and effective.
Graphical abstract
Multiple machine learning algorithms identified SLC6A8 as a diagnostic biomarker of the late stage of Hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song Linlin , Zhang Hongli , Yang Wang
Published: July 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by persistent tumor growth, contributing significantly to mortality rates worldwide and presenting a growing global health concern. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop effective diagnostic and treatment strategies for HCC. This study aims to identify crucial genes for early HCC diagnosis to mitigate disease progression and to investigate differences in immune cell infiltration between early-stage and late-stage HCC. We integrated two published datasets for a comprehensive analysis, identifying 575 DEGs subjected to GSEA to reveal pathways distinguishing early-stage from late-stage HCC. Notably, the gene SLC6A8 emerged as a potential diagnostic biomarker for late-stage HCC through LASSO, SVM-RFE and RF-Boruta analyses. ROC curves for SLC6A8 were utilized to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. The ImmuCellAI algorithm assessed immune cell composition differences between early and late-stage HCC, revealing that SLC6A8 expression positively correlates with resting Tfh cells and Th2, while negatively correlating with B cells, indicating its association with immune cell infiltration patterns. To strengthen our results, we further analyzed SLC6A8 expression using single-cell transcriptome data, confirming significant upregulation in late-stage HCC, particularly in key liver cell types such as Hepatocyte cells. Overall, our study identifies SLC6A8 as a potential marker gene that enhances understanding of HCC diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.