bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD RISK FACTORS IN HIGH SCHOOL DISTANCE RUNNERS AND PREVALENCE OF IRON SUPPLEMENTATION: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Skorseth Paige , Segovia Nicole , Hastings Katherine , Dingel Aleksei , Kraus Emily
Published: April 2020

Background:

The female athlete triad (Triad) has been associated with increased risk of bone stress injury (BSI) in certain populations. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of Triad risk factors and identify hormonal and extrinsic factors that may influence Triad risk in high school (HS) distance runners.

Methods:

Thirty-nine female HS distance runners completed a questionnaire, which included disordered eating (DE)/eating disorder (ED), menstrual irregularities, BSI history, and height/weight. Serum labs were obtained, including ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor, and free T3. Runners completed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to measure bone mineral density (BMD) using Z-scores that are age, sex and ethnicity-matched. Body fat percentage was also obtained. A risk score was then calculated using energy availability (EA), body mass index (BMI), age of menarche, oligomenorrhea, BMD, and history of BSI. The statistical model used was Spearman correlation coefficient. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

The average age was 16.9 years. 76.3% of runners reported history of DE/ED, 23.7% delayed menarche, 45.0% amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. 35.9% had low BMD (Z-score<-1.0) and 15.8% reported prior BSI. Average BMI was 19.8 kg/m2 and average BMI percentile was 36.2. Low free T3 was significantly associated with higher Triad risk scores (Spearman=-0.36, p=0.028). The association of low BMD with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D neared statistical significance (Spearman=0.28, p=0.086). BMD was significantly correlated with body fat percentage and BMI percentile (body fat percentage rs=0.36, p=0.028; BMI percentile rs=0.48, p=0.002).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of individual Triad risk factors in HS distance runners was high, with an alarmingly increased number of athletes with history of DE/ED and over 1/3 of runners with low BMD. Free T3 was inversely associated with Triad risk scores, which may be an indicator of low EA. Proper screening for the Triad in HS runners is imperative to help identify risk factors which may lead to future BSI. Further research is needed on the role of lab assessments in risk stratification.

[Table: see text][Table: see text]
Trajectory of the Victims of Overland Transport Accidents: From Prehospital to Hospital Care
Authors: Alencar Neiliane M. , Mota Daiane S. , Fernandes Flávia Emília Cavalcante Valença , Mola Rachel
Published: April 2020

Objective

The aim is to evaluate the trajectory of the victims of ground transportation accidents from the prehospital care to the hospital.

Methods

The sample consisted of 1,264 patients collected from the prehospital care, from June 2015 to June 2016. The trajectory was analyzed by the difference in the average time elapsed between the call and the hospital entrance. The Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used, adopting a significance level of 5% and 95% confidence.

Results

Patients had a mean age of 31.2 years, Glasgow Coma Scale of 14.8 points, and 24.8 days of hospitalization. It is characterized predominantly masculine, conductive of the vehicle, being the motorcycle prevalent; most of them wore a helmet/seat belt and no alcohol. The association between the average time of care and the characteristics related to the victim was significant: the use of the belt/helmet, alcoholism, and type of discharge and relative to the accident: area of occurrence, period of the week, shift of occurrence, type of prehospital care, and other party involved.

Conclusion

The characteristics related to ground transportation accident interfere in the time of prehospital care to the hospital, which can influence the prognosis.
There’s No Place Like Home: Finding Teachers in Your Backyard
Authors: Mamlin Nancy , Diliberto Jennifer A.
Published: April 2020

The current investigation surveyed 83 preservice teacher education candidates enrolled in institutions of higher education (IHEs) to pursue licensure in special education. The purpose of the investigation was to determine why these candidates were pursuing a career as a special education teacher, when they decided, and where they saw themselves teaching in the near future. The survey yielded implications for potential K-12 and IHE initiatives to promote careers in the field of special education to individuals.
Human erythroleukemia genetics and transcriptomes identify master transcription factors as functional disease drivers
Authors: Fagnan Alexandre , Bagger Frederik Otzen , Piqué-Borràs Maria-Riera , Ignacimouttou Cathy , Caulier Alexis , Lopez Cécile K. , Robert Elie , Uzan Benjamin , Gelsi-Boyer Véronique , Aid Zakia , Thirant Cécile , Moll Ute , Tauchmann Samantha , Kurtovic-Kozaric Amina , Maciejewski Jaroslaw , Dierks Christine , Spinelli Orietta , Salmoiraghi Silvia , Pabst Thomas , Shimoda Kazuya , Deleuze Virginie , Lapillonne Hélène , Sweeney Connor , De Mas Véronique , Leite Betty , Kadri Zahra , Malinge Sébastien , de Botton Stéphane , Micol Jean-Baptiste , Kile Benjamin , Carmichael Catherine L. , Iacobucci Ilaria , Mullighan Charles G. , Carroll Martin , Valent Peter , Bernard Olivier A. , Delabesse Eric , Vyas Paresh , Birnbaum Daniel , Anguita Eduardo , Garçon Loïc , Soler Eric , Schwaller Juerg , Mercher Thomas
Published: April 2020

Acute erythroleukemia (AEL or acute myeloid leukemia [AML]-M6) is a rare but aggressive hematologic malignancy. Previous studies showed that AEL leukemic cells often carry complex karyotypes and mutations in known AML-associated oncogenes. To better define the underlying molecular mechanisms driving the erythroid phenotype, we studied a series of 33 AEL samples representing 3 genetic AEL subgroups including TP53-mutated, epigenetic regulator-mutated (eg, DNMT3A, TET2, or IDH2), and undefined cases with low mutational burden. We established an erythroid vs myeloid transcriptome-based space in which, independently of the molecular subgroup, the majority of the AEL samples exhibited a unique mapping different from both non-M6 AML and myelodysplastic syndrome samples. Notably, >25% of AEL patients, including in the genetically undefined subgroup, showed aberrant expression of key transcriptional regulators, including SKI, ERG, and ETO2. Ectopic expression of these factors in murine erythroid progenitors blocked in vitro erythroid differentiation and led to immortalization associated with decreased chromatin accessibility at GATA1-binding sites and functional interference with GATA1 activity. In vivo models showed development of lethal erythroid, mixed erythroid/myeloid, or other malignancies depending on the cell population in which AEL-associated alterations were expressed. Collectively, our data indicate that AEL is a molecularly heterogeneous disease with an erythroid identity that results in part from the aberrant activity of key erythroid transcription factors in hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells.
Correction to: Identification of cholesterol-assimilating actinomycetes strain and application of statistical modeling approaches for improvement of cholesterol oxidase production by Streptomyces anulatus strain NEAE-94
Authors: El-Naggar Noura El-Ahmady , El-Shweihy Nancy M.
Published: April 2020

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in Fig. 2c.
Normative data and psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in a nationally representative Korean population
Authors: Shin Cheolmin , Ko Young-Hoon , An Hyonggin , Yoon Ho-Kyoung , Han Changsu
Published: April 2020

Background

The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) has been standardized in several populations and is widely used in clinical practice and health care. However, it has not been appropriately standardized in the Korean general population, and no normative data have been presented. The aim of this study was to provide the normative data and psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 in the nationally representative population of Korea.

Methods

We used the nationwide cross-sectional survey data of Korea from 2014 to 2016. The data of 10,759 individuals aged over 19 years were analyzed in this study. As the distribution of the PHQ-9 scores was not normative, the percentile ranks for raw scores were provided. The survey questionnaires included the PHQ-9, The EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and demographic characteristics. We analyzed the construct validity and internal consistency of the PHQ-9.

Results

The normative data of the PHQ-9 were generated according to the sex and different age categories. The correlation coefficient between the sum of the PHQ-9 scores and the EQ-5D index was 0.44, which was moderate. The most appropriate model was the two-factor model with five ‘affective-somatic’ labeled items and four ‘cognitive’ labeled items. Cronbach’s α for the PHQ-9 was 0.79.

Conclusions

Our result supports reliability and validity with two-factor structure of PHQ-9 for measuring depression in the Korean nationally representative population. The Korean normative data on the PHQ-9 according to percentile rank can assist in interpreting and comparing scores with other populations.
Self-harm among asylum seekers in Australian onshore immigration detention: how incidence rates vary by held detention type
Authors: Hedrick Kyli , Armstrong Gregory , Coffey Guy , Borschmann Rohan
Published: April 2020

Background

Detained asylum seekers are at increased risk of self-harm, and the type of detention in which they are held may further exacerbate this risk. In Australia, there are four types of closed (or held) immigration detention for people seeking asylum, with varying levels of security and supports: Immigration Detention Centres [IDCs], Immigration Transit Accommodation [ITAs], Immigration Residential Housing [IRH], and Alternative Places of Detention [APODs]. The objective of this study was to examine the variation in the incidence and method(s) of self-harm among asylum seekers in Australian onshore immigration detention, according to the type of detention in which they are held.

Methods

We obtained data on all self-harm incidents reported among asylum seekers in Australian onshore immigration detention according to held detention type, as well as individual facility, between 1 August 2014 and 31 July 2015, by Freedom of Information. We calculated self-harm episode rates per 1000 asylum seekers using the average population figures for held detention type, as well as for each individual facility comprising the main types of held detention. Method(s) used to self-harm was also extracted for the main sub-populations.

Results

The study included 560 episodes of self-harm. Individual facility rates of self-harm ranged from 91 per 1000 asylum seekers (95% CI 72–110) in Yongah Hill IDC to 533 per 1000 asylum seekers (95% CI 487–578) in Perth IDC. On average, calculated self-harm episode rates were highest among asylum seekers in: Immigration Transit Accommodation facilities, 452/1000 (95% CI 410–493); Alternative Places of Detention, 265/1000 (95% CI 233–296); and Immigration Detention Centres, 225/1000 (95% CI 195–254). The most frequently reported methods of self-harm across the main types of held detention were: cutting (35.2%), self-battery (34.8%), and attempted hanging (11.1%).

Conclusions

Self-harm rates for asylum seekers in all types of closed immigration detention were many times higher than rates found in the general population. Average rates were not lower in facilities with lower security features.
Photosynthetic performance and growth responses of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey (Asparagaceae) planted within poplar forests having different canopy densities
Authors: Zhang J. J. , Zhu L. , Zhang X. , Zhou J.
Published: April 2020

Background

Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey is a valuable horticultural and medicinal plant that grows under a range of light intensities, from high to low, in the understories of shrubs. To understand how this species adapts to these various environments, we selected two groups of lilyturf growing under poplar trees at two different spacings. Each group was divided into three types, open field, forest edge and shaded forest with high, medium and low irradiance levels, respectively, and then we examined their photosynthetic characteristics, physiology and biomasses.

Results

Light saturation point, light compensation point and in situ net photosynthetic rate (PN) were highest in lilyturf growing under high light. In contrast, lilyturf growing under low light had a higher apparent quantum yield and Chl a and b contents, indicating that they adapted to low light. Although the leaves of lilyturf growing under low light were small, their root tubers were heavier.

Conclusions

The research demonstrates the eco-physiological basis of lilyturf’s shade adaptation mechanism as indicated by photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, Chl a, Chl b and Car contents when grown under different irradiances. We believe that lilyturf is a shade-tolerant plant suitable for planting in undergrowth, but attention should be paid to the canopy density of the forest when interplanting. The findings presented here advance our understanding of the photosynthetic characteristics of understory plants and may assist in the optimization of irradiances in the future.
Increased mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome was associated with high levels of plasma phenylalanine
Authors: Xu Jing , Pan Tingting , Qi Xiaoling , Tan Ruoming , Wang Xiaoli , Liu Zhaojun , Tao Zheying , Qu Hongping , Zhang Yi , Chen Hong , Wang Yihui , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Jie , Liu Jialin
Published: April 2020

Background

There is a dearth of drug therapies available for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Certain metabolites play a key role in ARDS and could serve as potential targets for developing therapies against this respiratory disorder. The present study was designed to determine such “functional metabolites” in ARDS using metabolomics and in vivo experiments in a mouse model.

Methods

Metabolomic profiles of blood plasma from 42 ARDS patients and 28 healthy controls were captured using Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were performed on metabolomic profiles from blood plasma of ARDS patients and healthy controls to screen for “functional metabolites”, which were determined by variable importance in projection (VIP) scores and P value. Pathway analysis of all the metabolites was performed. The mouse model of ARDS was established to investigate the role of “functional metabolites” in the lung injury and mortality caused by the respiratory disorder.

Results

The metabolomic profiles of patients with ARDS were significantly different from healthy controls, difference was also observed between metabolomic profiles of the non-survivors and the survivors among the ARDS patient pool. Levels of Phenylalanine, D-Phenylalanine and Phenylacetylglutamine were significantly increased in non-survivors compared to the survivors of ARDS. Phenylalanine metabolism was the most notably altered pathway between the non-survivors and survivors of ARDS patients. In vivo animal experiments demonstrated that high levels of Phenylalanine might be associated with the severer lung injury and increased mortality of ARDS.

Conclusion

Increased mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome was associated with high levels of plasma Phenylalanine.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800015930. Registered 29 April 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=25609&htm=4
CPEB1 deletion is not a common explanation for premature ovarian insufficiency in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Jiao Wenlin , Zhao Shidou , Liu Ran , Guo Ting , Qin Yingying
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), which is characterized by early menopause before the age of 40 years, affects approximately 1–5% of women. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1) is a post-transcriptional regulatory protein that is highly expressed in germ cells and promotes oocytes maturation, and several studies have found microdeletions of chromosome 15q25.2, which contains the CPEB1 gene, in POI patients. However, the deleted region also includes other plausible genes, and thus the contribution of CPEB1 to POI is uncertain. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between CPEB1 deletion and POI in a Chinese cohort.

Material and methods

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with primers for exon 4 and exon 11 of CPEB1 was performed to detect the CPEB1 deletion in 323 patients with POI and in 300 healthy controls. Subsequent qPCR with primers for each exon of CPEB1 was performed to precisely localize the deletion locus.

Results

One patient with primary amenorrhea was found to carry a heterozygous deletion of exons 8–12 of the CPEB1 gene.

Conclusion

Our study is the first to search for CPEB1 deletions in POI patients using a simple qPCR method, and we show that CPEB1 deletion is not a common cause for POI in a Chinese cohort.
The anti-neoplastic effect of doxycycline in osteosarcoma as a metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor: a systematic review
Authors: Hadjimichael Argyris C. , Foukas Athanasios F. , Savvidou Olga D. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Psyrri Amanda K. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J.
Published: April 2020

Background

Osteosarcoma is a very aggressive primary bone tumour, affecting mainly young populations. Most cases diagnosed have distant macro- and micro-metastases at the time of diagnosis. Surgical resection with neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies improves the overall and disease-free survival of patients. Doxycycline, a synthetic tetracycline, has been found to act either as an antibiotic drug or as a chemotherapeutic agent. Its anti-neoplastic role has been found to be significant, in vitro and in vivo laboratory trials, in various types of cancer, such as prostate, intestinal, central neural system cancers and osteosarcoma. Inhibition of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in different stages of tumour expansion is the most well-understood mechanism. MMPs are secreted molecules from various normal cells, such as fibroblasts, leucocytes and vascular smooth muscles, as well as from cells with high proliferative potential, such as tumour cells. In osteosarcoma, MMPs have been found to be overexpressed. MMPs help osteosarcoma cells survive, grow and produce metastases in distant sites, mainly in the lungs. Doxycycline blocks extracellular matrix and basic membrane degradation by suppressing MMP function. As a consequence, osteosarcoma cells lose their ability to invade and metastasize. Additionally, doxycycline eliminates the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and deprives the supply of circulating nutrients by its anti-angiogenesis action. The aim of this review is to evaluate doxycycline’s action against osteosarcoma cells as an MMP-inhibitor and interpret its usage as a chemotherapeutic agent.

Methods

We checked PubMed and Google Scholar for recently published data, on the tumour-supportive role of MMPs and VEGF in osteosarcoma cells. We further studied published experimental trials on the role of doxycycline as a tumour-suppressive agent via MMPs and VEGF inhibition.

Results

MMPs and VEGF have been found to play a fundamental role in osteosarcoma cells survival and high aggressiveness by in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. Nevertheless, doxycycline has proved its tumour-suppressive effect by in vivo experimental trials in various cancers but not yet in osteosarcoma.

Conclusion

Doxycycline remains a promising chemotherapeutic agent against osteosarcoma via MMP inhibition, showing the need for further in vivo and clinical trials to be carried out in the future.
Gait modification for improving walking stability of exoskeleton assisted paraplegic patient
Authors: Li Mengze , Aoyama Tadayoshi , Hasegawa Yasuhisa
Published: April 2020

The currently available exoskeleton for assisting the paraplegic patient in walking usually adapts a pre-programmed gait that involves the patient following an exoskeleton lead. The system allows the patient to hold a pair of canes in order to keep balance, and does not contribute to keeping balance without the patient’s action. This paper proposes an algorithm based on the zero moment point (ZMP) to modify the gait generated through human walking synergy for paraplegic patients who make use of the exoskeleton system and hold their canes. The proposed ZMP will enable the paraplegic patient to keep balance during walking and also reduce the burden in maintaining balance. First, a pair of cane is used as an interface to control the user’s walking and then, the synergy between legs and canes is used to synchronize the user’s walking intention during the exoskeleton movement. The walking synergy is extracted from the able-bodied subject walking with a pair of canes and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). In order to improve the walking stability, the hip joint angle on stance leg during walking was modified based on ZMP. Furthermore, a nonlinear inverted pendulum (NIP) model was utilized in order to generate a gait with a fully stretched knee joint angle that is similar to human gait. The proposed method was verified via the Gazebo simulation using a walking robot to simulate a patient wearing an exoskeleton. The experiment results show that the walking stability was highly improved after gait modification.
Impact of physician−pharmacist collaborative protocol-based pharmacotherapy management for HIV outpatients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Urano Kimihiko , Ishibashi Miki , Matsumoto Takeshi , Ohishi Kohshi , Muraki Yuichi , Iwamoto Takuya , Kunimasa Junichi , Okuda Masahiro
Published: April 2020

Background

Effective treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection requires close cooperation among healthcare professionals. This is because maintaining continuity with treatment regimens is important in anti-HIV therapy. In addition, explaining medication use is more important than that for other diseases. Since 2010, pharmacists at the Mie University Hospital have been interviewing patients, selecting drugs, and formulating medication plans for HIV-positive patients. In August 2011, we established the physician and pharmacist-led collaborative Protocol-based Pharmacotherapy Management (PBPM) to increase the efficacy and safety of treatment, while reducing the burden on physicians. In the present study, we evaluated the outcomes associated with PBPM for HIV pharmacotherapy.

Methods

We prepared protocols for drug selection, timing of interventions, and methods of intervention according to various guidelines. This study included 40 HIV-positive patients receiving outpatient care between January 2009 and February 2017. Of these patients, 17 received treatment before implementing PBPM and 23 patients received treatment afterward. We compared the intervention parameters between before and after the implementation of PBPM.

Results

The proportion of patients receiving prescription proposals from pharmacists was markedly higher after introducing PBPM (6 out of 17 patients vs. 23 out of 23 patients). All prescription proposals were accepted by physicians before and after PBPM. The number of interviews before antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation (median [range]) decreased from 2 [1–5] to 1 [1–3] after PBPM introduction, suggesting the time to introduction of treatment has been shortened. Before the introduction of PBPM, nine patients required a change in their ART prescriptions and four patients were hospitalized (one patient was hospitalized due to an error in the self-administration of anti-HIV medicines, two patients were hospitalized due to interruptions in medication, and one patient was hospitalized for the treatment of other diseases). Only one patient was hospitalized after PBPM, and was unrelated to drug adherence. The proportion of patients with a reduced HIV-RNA load increased from 71 to 100%. Furthermore, the proportion of patients who maintained levels below the limit of quantitation increased from 59 to 91% after implementing PBPM.

Conclusion

The implementation of PBPM for HIV outpatients improves the efficacy and safety of HIV pharmacotherapy.
The giant devil ray Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) is not giant, but it is the only spinetail devil ray
Authors: Notarbartolo di Sciara Giuseppe , Stevens Guy , Fernando Daniel
Published: April 2020

Mobula mobular, a mobulid species once considered a Mediterranean Sea endemic, has received its common name “giant devil ray” based on repeated misidentifications of oceanic manta rays, Mobula birostris, that had strayed into the Mediterranean, where they had never been reported from before. Based on the maximum known size (350 cm disc width) of M. mobular, when compared to some of its congenerics, the giant devil ray is not giant at all. A recent revision of the phylogeny and taxonomy of genus Mobula, which included, amongst other things, the decision to consider the circumtropical spinetail devil ray M. japanica a junior synonym of M. mobular, has caused the latter species to become circumglobal, and the only known mobulid with a tail spine. As a consequence, it is here recommended that the common name of M. mobular be “spinetail devil ray”.
Hemocytic studies on the synergistic effect of the entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema carpocapsae and gamma radiation on the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) larvae
Authors: Salem H. M. , Hussein M. A. , Hafez S. El. , Hussein M. A. , Sayed R. M.
Published: April 2020

Combined effect of substerilizing doses of gamma radiation (40 and 100 Gy) and different concentrations of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae BA2 (20 and 40 IJs/ml) on the hemocyte count of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) larvae was studied. Eight types of hemocytes were described in the hemolymph of the normal larvae of G. mellonella. Prohemocytes were the predominant type, while the cystocytes were the rare ones. Morphological malformations and changes in the number of each hemocyte type were observed in F1 larvae (of irradiated male parent pupae with 40 or 100 Gy) or larvae treated with different concentrations of the S. carpocapsae BA2 (normal or F1 larvae); these alterations were increased by increasing the radiation dose or the nematode concentration that led to increase the susceptibility of the larvae to the nematode. Therefore, it could be concluded that integration of entomopathogenic nematodes and gamma radiation may serve as integrated control program for G. mellonella.
PPP models and performances from single- to quad-frequency BDS observations
Authors: Jin Shuanggen , Su Ke
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, China BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has been developed well and provided global services with highly precise positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) as well as unique short-message communication, particularly global system (BDS-3) with higher precision multi-frequency signals. The precise point positioning (PPP) can provide the precise position, receiver clock, and zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) with a stand-alone receiver compared to the traditional double differenced relative positioning mode, which has been widely used in PNT, geodesy, meteorology and so on. However, it has a lot of challenges for multi-frequency BDS PPP with different strategies and more unknown parameters. In this paper, the detailed PPP models using the single-, dual-, triple-, and quad-frequency BDS observations are presented and evaluated. Firstly, BDS system and PPP method are introduced. Secondly, the stochastic models of time delay bias in BDS-2/BDS-3 PPP including the neglection, random constant, random walk and white noise are presented. Then, three single-frequency, four dual-frequency, four triple-frequency and four quad-frequency BDS PPP models are provided. Finally, the BDS PPP models progress and performances including theoretical comparison of the models, positioning performances, precise time and frequency transfer, ZTD, inter-frequency bias (IFB) and differential code bias (DCB) are presented and evaluated as well as future challenges. The results show that the multi-frequency BDS observations will greatly improve the PPP performances.
Temporal Trends in Cardiovascular Complications in People With or Without Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study
Authors: Davis Wendy A , Gregg Edward W , Davis Timothy M E
Published: April 2020

Context

There is evidence that diabetes-related complications are declining but most data sources have limitations.

Objective

To characterize temporal changes in incidence rates (IRs) of chronic complications and mortality in well-characterized, community-based Australians.

Design

Longitudinal observational study.

Setting

Urban population.

Participants

Participants with type 2 diabetes from the Fremantle Diabetes Study phases I (FDS1; n = 1291 recruited 1993-1996) and II (FDS2; n = 1509 recruited 2008-2011) age-, sex,- and ZIP code-matched 1:4 to people without diabetes.

Main outcome measures

First hospitalizations for/with myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, heart failure (HF), lower extremity amputation, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Five-year IRs, IR ratios for those with versus without diabetes in FDS1 and FDS2, and IR differences (IRDs), were calculated.

Results

The 13,995 participants had a mean age of 64.8 years and 50.4% were males. There were lower IR ratios for MI, stroke, HF, and CVD death in FDS2 versus FDS1. IRDs for people with versus without type 2 diabetes had reduced by >50% between phases for MI, stroke, HF, lower extremity amputation, and CVD death, with no change in IRD for all-cause mortality. Within the pooled type 2 diabetes cohort, FDS2 versus FDS1 participation was an independent inverse predictor of stroke, HF, CVD death, and all-cause mortality after adjustment in Cox proportional hazards models.

Conclusions

Cardiovascular outcomes in Australians have improved since the 1990s, especially in type 2 diabetes. The difference in all-cause mortality between those with and without type 2 diabetes has persisted despite longer survival.
Revisiting the Effects of Unemployment Insurance Extensions on Unemployment: A Measurement‑Error‑Corrected Regression Discontinuity Approach
Authors: Dieterle Steven , Bartalotti Otávio , Brummet Quentin
Published: April 2020

This study documents two potential biases in recent analyses of UI benefit extensions using boundary-based identification: bias from using county-level aggregates and bias from across-border policy spillovers. To examine the first bias, the analysis uses a regression discontinuity approach that accounts for measurement error in county-level aggregates. These results suggest much smaller effects than previous studies, casting doubt on the applicability of border-based designs. The analysis then shows substantial spillover effects of UI benefit duration on across-border work patterns, consistent with increased tightness in high-benefit states and providing evidence against a dominant vacancy reduction response to UI extensions. (JEL E24, E32, J22, J64, J65)
Take Two! SAT Retaking and College Enrollment Gaps
Authors: Goodman Joshua , Gurantz Oded , Smith Jonathan
Published: April 2020

Only half of SAT-takers retake the exam, with even lower retake rates among low-income students and underrepresented minority (URM) students. We exploit discontinuous jumps in retake probabilities at multiples of 100, driven by left-digit bias, to estimate retaking’s causal effects. Retaking substantially improves SAT scores and increases four-year college enrollment rates, particularly for low-income and URM students. Eliminating disparities in retake rates could close up to 10 percent of the income-based gap and up to 7 percent of the race-based gap in four-year college enrollment rates of high school graduates. (JEL I21, I23, I24, J15)
Innovation in road transport
Authors: Shibaev Mihail , Bychkov Vladimir , Kuksova Irina , Proskurina Irina
Published: April 2020

The manual includes two sections. The first section outlines the basic provisions of innovative activity, forms of organization, cost management, programming and projects of investment innovation. The second section discusses the industry characteristics of innovation activity in road transport: the planning of innovation, the formation of the market of transport and car services, performance evaluation services, the use of innovative approach to organization of transport service of the industrial enterprises.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
For undergraduate and graduate students, and also for teachers, entrepreneurs and researchers.
Organization of educational activities in the OED. Approximate planning. Preparation for school group (6-7 years)
Authors: Timofeeva Liliya , Korneicheva Elena , Gracheva Natal'ya
Published: April 2020

Submitted effective forms of organization of various types of children's activities during the actual educational activities; educational activities carried out in sensitive moments; interaction with the families of the pupils for the implementation of the basic educational program of preschool education.
Planning tailored specifically to the laws of development of children the seventh year of life, the need to address the program objectives, maintain partner relationships with preschoolers and their families, on the basis of modern ideas about the fluctuations in the health of senior preschool children, about the rules of sequence of activities.
Prepared in accordance with the Federal state educational standard of preschool education.
Addressed to students of institutions of secondary professional education.
Course work in professional educational institutions SPO
Authors: Ryzhikov Sergey
Published: April 2020

In the educational-methodical manual describes the technology of coursework, practical recommendations for their design and protection.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of secondary professional education of the last generation.
Aimed at students and teachers of professional educational organizations. Designed for institutions of secondary professional education, conducting training for UGS 38.02.00 "Economics and management": 38.02.01 specialties "Economics and accounting (on branches)", 38.02.02 "Insurance business (on branches)", 38.02.03 "Operating activities in logistics", 38.02.04 "Commerce (on branches)", 38.02.06 "Finance", 38.02.07 "Banking"; by UGS 43.02.00 "Service and tourism": 43.02.10 specialties "Tourism", 43.02.11 "Hotel service"; by UGS 46.02.00 "History and archaeology": 46.02.01 a speciality "Documentary maintenance of management and archival studies".
Revisiting the Role of Collaboration in Creating Breakthrough Inventions
Authors: Chan Tian Heong , Mihm Jürgen , Sosa Manuel
Published: April 2020

Problem definition : Is teamwork better than working alone for creating breakthrough inventions? We challenge the widely accepted affirmative answer to this question. Academic/practical relevance : Extant research has consistently found that lone inventors significantly underperform teams in creating breakthroughs; thus it extols the benefits of teamwork while neglecting the role of single inventors. This paper offers an important counterweight to those empirical results by identifying a fundamental contingency under which teams might or might not outperform lone inventors: the degree of decomposability of the invention. By ignoring this contingency, past literature has systematically underestimated the role that lone inventors can play for companies. Methodology : We use utility and design patent data for 1985–2009 to compare the effect—on the probability of creating a breakthrough—of working alone versus working with a team. Results : For utility patents, we do find that working alone reduces the likelihood of achieving a breakthrough. Yet this disadvantage of lone inventors is not evident for design patents. We theorize that the nearly nondecomposable nature of design is a major factor contributing to lone designers’ relative efficacy of achieving breakthroughs. This theory is then tested in the context of utility patents, where we can observe variation in inventions’ decomposability. We find that technology inventions that are difficult to decompose also relatively advantage lone inventors compared with teams, and we demonstrate that this finding reflects greater coordination costs when such inventions are attempted by teams. If one takes a myopic view of collaboration’s role, then our results suggest that working with others does not help develop outstanding nondecomposable inventions. Yet taking a long-term view reveals that lone inventors benefit more than do teams from having collaborated with others in the past. In fact, we find that past collaborations can help lone inventors outperform teams with regard to developing nondecomposable inventions. Managerial implications : Past research has suggested that collaboration is universally beneficial in creating breakthrough inventions. However, such efforts have ignored crucial contingencies: we show why inventors should explicitly consider both the targeted invention’s decomposability and their own history of collaboration when deciding whether or not to work with a team on a given innovation.
PODCASTING MACUNAÍMA: ESTÉTICA ANTROPOFÁGICA NA EXPERIÊNCIA DE ADAPTAÇÃO DA OBRA DE MÁRIO DE ANDRADE / Podcasting Macunaíma: anthropophagic aesthetics in the adaptation experience of Mário de Andrade’s book
Authors: Aguiar Lisiane Machado , Santos Luan Correia Cunha
Published: April 2020

Neste estudo buscamos dar ênfase no processo de adaptação da obra de Mário de Andrade “Macunaíma: o herói sem nenhum caráter” para a linguagem híbrida do podcast, pensando uma atualização do movimento antropofágico para uma metodologia comunicacional, capaz de possibilitar maior pluralidade para a peça literária e múltiplas construções de sentido e produção de subjetividades. Abordamos as etapas de produção para a série de podcast, problematizando o uso das especificidades que esta linguagem emergente nos oferece para enriquecer a experiência do ouvinte e promover outras perspectivas de inclusão. Partimos de um estudo genealógico sobre as virtualidades da rapsódia, da antropofagia e do podcast para pensarmos o conceito de atualização (BERGSON, 1999), tendo como base uma linguagem híbrida, resultante da fusão de características do rádio e da web. Adotamos como referência quatro traços do movimento antropofágico: adesão ao primitivismo; constante consumo de identidades; exaltação do nacional e; o “entre-lugar” da América Latina (COUTO, 2009). Com esta conexão pudemos explorar características do produto da adaptação, assim como o seu processo, percebendo como essa atividade pode se configurar como uma ferramenta de múltiplas leituras, uma vez que o a produção de Mário de Andrade passa a ser acessada na forma de podcast, com características próprias construída em uma estética antropofágica, pensada para explorar o exercício imaginário e oferecer outras construções de subjetividades.
ESTUDOS LITERÁRIOS, LEITURA E EXPERIÊNCIA ESTÉTICA: CONEXÕES E(M) TEMPOS DE CONFINAMENTO / Literary studies, reading and experience: connections in quarantine times
Authors: Cardoso Ribas Maria Cristina
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho pretende, a partir do diálogo com o filósofo coreano Byung-Chul Han (2017) acerca da questão imunológica em seu livro Sociedade do Cansaço, analisar alguns pensares e práticas discursivas circunscritas ao par contágio/contato e concernentes à pandemia de Covid-19 (Corona Vírus) que assola o mundo no século 21, em uma perspectiva literária. Desenvolvendo o diálogo da Filosofia (HAN, 2017; ZIZEK, 2003; BAUDRILLARD, 2001) com a Literatura, a abordagem pretende realçar a presença e a contribuição das Ciências Humanas no entendimento dos eventos que atravessam a sociedade contemporânea em dimensão planetária através de dois eixos que se bifurcam: (1) defender a Literatura e as Humanidades como ciência, área e campo do saber aptos a discutir e analisar as questões humanas e sociais; e (2) construir, com o leitor, uma nova experiência estética de leitura (GUMBRECHT, 2010) em tempos de quarentena. Para isso, serão trazidos alguns exemplos de Guimarães Rosa, Machado de Assis, Frans Kafka e José Saramago, em conexão implícita com algumas chaves contrastantes da argumentação desenvolvida pelo filósofo coreano. Importante ressaltar que o caminho percorrido neste artigo representa um convite ao acompanhamento do leitor no ‘traço-a-traço’ da escritura, de maneira que a experiência enunciada seja ao mesmo tempo vivida e compartilhada no processo de leitura.
UM ESPECTRO RONDA O MUNDO – BOAVENTURA DE SOUZA SANTOS E AS PRIMEIRAS LIÇÕES DA PANDEMIA / A spectre is haunting the world – Boaventura de Sousa Santos and the first lessons from the pandemic
Authors: Oliveira Marcia Lisbôa Costa de
Published: April 2020

Resenha do E-Book A cruel pedagogia do vírus, lançado em abril de 2020, publicação, no qual Boaventura de Souza Santos organiza em cinco capítulos uma breve e profunda reflexão sobre a crise decorrente da pandemia provocada pelo coronavírus que emergiu em dezembro de 2019, classificado cientificamente como SARS-COV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2).Para Santos, a pandemia provocada pelo novo coronavírus agravará da forma como o colonialismo, o patriarcado e o capitalismo neoliberal forjaram as relações socioeconômicas que levaram ao quadro de desigualdade global que temos testemunhado.Para Santos, será preciso construir um novo pacto social  e “A nova articulação pressupõe uma viragem epistemológica, cultural e ideológica que sustente as soluções políticas, económicas e sociais que garantam a continuidade da vida humana digna no planeta.” (2020, p. 31)
Posture-focused self-management programme improves pain and function in older people with chronic low back pain: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rios Julia Catarina Sebba , Hua Feng Yu , Safons Marisete Peralta
Published: April 2020

Background/aims

Chronic non-specific low back pain is one of the most prevalent and therapeutically challenging conditions that affect older people. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of a posture-focused self-management programme in pain and disability in older people in the community living with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Methods

Attendees of two community centres for older people were selected and randomised into an experimental group (n=42) and a control group (n=31). The experimental group received a posture-focused self-management programme. The control group received simple advice with a self-care leaflet. Dependent variables were: pain intensity, functional capacity related to low back pain, and frequency of medication use for low back pain.

Results

For intergroup analysis, a significant difference was observed for all variables (P≤0.001) with large effect size for pain intensity and functional capacity related to low back pain (effect size=0.65) and moderate effect for frequency of medication use for low back pain (effect size=0.46).

Conclusions

The results of the posture-focused self-management programme demonstrate efficacy in reducing pain and disability in older people with chronic non-specific low back pain.
Predictive validity of multiple mini interview scores for future academic and clinical placement performance in physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech and language therapy programmes
Authors: Kale Swati , Kamble Meghana Wadnerkar , Spalding Nicola
Published: April 2020

Background/aims

Limited research exists on the predictive validity of multiple mini interviews when used during the selection process for physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech and language therapy programmes. Traditional interviews were replaced by multiple mini interviews in the selection process for these three undergraduate programmes in one UK university. The purpose of secondary data analysis was to determine whether multiple mini interviews can predict academic and clinical placement performance during the first and second year of study.

Methods

Secondary data analysis was performed using the admissions data from 169 students. Data analysed comprised predictors (entry tariff, age and multiple mini interview scores) and outcomes (academic and placement achievement in years 1 and 2 over a period of 2 years from 2014 to 2016).

Results

Multiple standard regression analyses revealed that, overall, multiple mini interview score was not a significant predictor of academic achievement or clinical placement performance in years 1 and 2 for any of the three professions. Pearson's correlations indicated that age and entry tariff were frequently and significantly correlated with academic achievements for all cohorts.

Conclusions

Performance in the multiple mini interview is not a predictor of academic achievement or clinical placement performance in this specific cohort of students. Entry tariff showed a significant correlation with academic achievement. Additional studies with larger cohorts are recommended.
The routine use of synovial alpha-defensin is not necessary
Authors: Amanatullah Derek F. , Cheng Robin Z. , Huddleston III James I. , Maloney William J. , Finlay Andrea K. , Kappagoda Shanthi , Suh Gina A. , Goodman Stuart B.
Published: April 2020

Aims

To establish the utility of adding the laboratory-based synovial alpha-defensin immunoassay to the traditional diagnostic work-up of a prosthetic joint infection (PJI).

Methods

A group of four physicians evaluated 158 consecutive patients who were worked up for PJI, of which 94 underwent revision arthroplasty. Each physician reviewed the diagnostic data and decided on the presence of PJI according to the 2014 Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria (yes, no, or undetermined). Their initial randomized review of the available data before or after surgery was blinded to each alpha-defensin result and a subsequent randomized review was conducted with each result. Multilevel logistic regression analysis assessed the effect of having the alpha-defensin result on the ability to diagnose PJI. Alpha-defensin was correlated to the number of synovial white blood cells (WBCs) and percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (%PMN).

Results

Intraobserver reliability and interobserver agreement did not change when the alpha-defensin result was available. Positive alpha-defensin results had greater synovial WBCs (mean 31,854 cells/μL, SD 32,594) and %PMN (mean 93.0%, SD 5.5%) than negative alpha-defensin results (mean 974 cells/μL, SD 3,988; p < 0.001 and mean 39.4% SD 28.6%; p < 0.001). Adding the alpha-defensin result did not alter the diagnosis of a PJI using preoperative (odds ratio (OR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14 to 1.88; p = 0.315) or operative (OR 0.52, CI 0.18 to 1.55; p = 0.242) data when clinicians already decided that PJI was present or absent with traditionally available testing. However, when undetermined with traditional preoperative testing, alpha-defensin helped diagnose (OR 0.44, CI 0.30 to 0.64; p < 0.001) or rule out (OR 0.41, CI 0.17 to 0.98; p = 0.044) PJI. Of the 27 undecided cases with traditional testing, 24 (89%) benefited from the addition of alpha-defensin testing.

Conclusion

The laboratory-based synovial alpha-defensin immunoassay did not help diagnose or rule out a PJI when added to routine serologies and synovial fluid analyses except in cases where the diagnosis of PJI was unclear. We recommend against the routine use of alpha-defensin and suggest using it only when traditional testing is indeterminate. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):593–599.