bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A COMPLEXIDADE DO TRABALHO DOCENTE À LUZ DA ERGOLOGIA
Authors: Silva Mariana Veríssimo Soares de Aguiar , Sena Eni de Faria
Published: December 2019

Este texto apresenta um recorte da pesquisa intitulada: Da vida acadêmica à inserção no mundo do trabalho: um estudo a partir da experiência docente de egressos do curso de licenciatura em Pedagogia, que tem como objetivo compreender as dramáticas vivenciadas para se preencher a distância entre o trabalho prescrito e o trabalho real. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa cujo dispositivo metodológico utilizado é a autoconfrontação simples e cruzada. A pesquisa foi realizada com duas professoras, que atuam na cena da aula no Ensino Fundamental I e na Educação Infantil. Os dados revelam que o trabalho real contém parte do trabalho prescrito e parte do trabalho imprevisível. Portanto a capacidade de criar para se resolver questões apresentadas no aqui e agora está relacionada ao corpo-si de cada professora em atividade humana de trabalho.
ANÁLISES HERMENÊUTICAS NAS PESQUISAS COM CRIANÇAS DE DUAS ESCOLAS DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL DE BELO HORIZONTE
Authors: Reis Magali , Saraiva Lucia Helena Gomes
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o referencial teórico-metodológico da Hermenêutica na pesquisa social e destaca a Hermenêutica Objetiva como possibilidade de interpretação e análise de evidências de pesquisa na área de Educação Escolar. Discute ainda a propriedade desta metodologia na pesquisa com crianças. A metodologia do estudo partiu de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, reunindo escritos na área de filosofia sociologia e educação. Na sequência foram realizados observações e registros por meio de gravação de aulas na educação infantil, bem como desenvolvemos um modelo de protocolo de análise das evidências que nos pareceu coerente com o que vínhamos pesquisando. Ao final da pesquisa pudemos compreender que a relação da criança com o desenho carece de mediação e que ao reconhecermos a criança como ativa, competente e protagonista de sua história, precisamos reconhecer também que não podemos confundir esta competência da criança como algo que lhe permita descobrir o mundo por si só.
Vulvanın Benign Hastalıklarının Tanı ve Tedavisi
Authors: SOLMAZ HASDEMİR Pınar
Published: December 2019

Vulva, genital, gastrointestinal ve üriner traktın birleştiği, tüylü ve tüysüz keratinize ciltten mukozal yüzeylere geçişin

olduğu özel bir cilt bölgesidir. Vulvaya ait benign hastalıklar, yaşam kalitesini oldukça düşürmekle birlikte, hayati

önem arz etmemeleri ve sıklıkla kronik bir süreci takip etmeleri nedenleri ile hasta tarafından sıklıkla göz ardı

edilmekte ve hekime başvurmakta geç kalınmaktadır. Biz hekimlerin de vulvar hastalıkları sorgulamakta ve tedavi

etmekte geri planda kaldığımız yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Bu makalede güncel literatür ışığında öncelikle vulvanın

genel bakımına ait önerilerde bulunulacak, vulvaya ait belli başlı semptomlar olan vulvar kaşıntı ve ağrıya değinilecek

ve ardından da sık görülen vulvar dermatozlar olan liken sklerozus, liken simpleks kronikus ve liken planus ile

psöriazis ve vulvar atrofi durumlarında tanı ve yönetimden bahsedilecektir.
What makes happy counselors? From self-esteem and leader-member exchange to well-being at work: The mediating role of need satisfaction
Authors: Dose Par Eric , Desrumaux Pascale , Bernaud Jean-Luc , Hellemans Catherine
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed at examining the extent to which well-being at work is linked to self-esteem and psychosocial resources such as leader-member exchange (LMX). Drawing on self-determination theory, we looked at whether psychological needs (perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness) act as specific mediators between self-esteem and well-being, and between LMX and well-being. Two hundred and twenty four employment counselors (psychologists) from a French national employment office (Pôle emploi) answered a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Hayes and Preacher’s method for testing multiple mediations. The results showed that satisfaction of psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness mediated the links between self-esteem and LMX as inductors, and well-being as a criterion. These findings confirm the relevance of self-esteem and LMX for counselors, and of the importance of need satisfaction that plays a critical role in matters of well-being.
Gestão estratégica e alinhamento organizacional: estudo de caso em instituições filantrópicas de saúde do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Zanatta Jocias Maier , Sausen Jorge Oneide , Halberstadt Ismael Alan
Published: December 2019

A gestão estratégica e o alinhamento organizacional são fundamentais para as organizações que trabalham em Rede. O campo da estratégia é vasto e pressupõe as organizações em constante evolução e adaptação. Já o alinhamento para Mintzberg et al. (2006) é um ajuste necessário que deveria ocorrer entre ambiente, estratégia e recursos. O Balanced Scorecard (BSC) para Kaplan e Norton (2004, 2006) é uma ferramenta cada vez mais utilizada para medir o desempenho das organizações e conduz ao alinhamento entre a estratégia corporativa e as estratégias das unidades de apoio. O propósito deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo de caso sobre a gestão estratégica e alinhamento organizacional em instituições filantrópicas de saúde. Tem como objetivo analisar a estrutura de gestão estratégica da Associação Alpha e seu alinhamento junto às unidades operacionais hospitalares, com base na metodologia do Balanced Scorecard (BSC), identificando as potencialidades e fragilidades do sistema de gestão e, ao final, propor um novo modelo de gestão estratégica com vistas a uma efetiva gestão por resultados. O caminho metodológico percorrido pelo pesquisador quanto à natureza, classifica-se como pesquisa aplicada, quanto à abordagem, como qualitativa, quanto aos objetivos, como descritiva e exploratória; e quanto aos procedimentos técnicos, como um estudo de caso. A revisão bibliográfica está direcionada ao entendimento dos conceitos e abordagens sobres estratégias organizacionais, alinhamento estratégico, modelos de alinhamento estratégico, BSC, gestão hospitalar e cases de aplicação do BSC.  Na apresentação dos resultados, identifica-se a estrutura de gestão estratégica da Associação Alpha e das unidades operacionais hospitalares, potencialidades e fragilidades do atual modelo de gestão estratégica. Por fim, propõe-se um novo modelo de gestão estratégica com vistas a uma efetiva gestão por resultados. O estudo pretende contribuir academicamente para o aprofundamento da metodologia do BSC, sobretudo em instituições hospitalares filantrópicas e, gerencialmente para a melhoria da gestão das instituições hospitalares com vistas a uma efetiva gestão por resultados.
Understanding Comparative Beliefs Visualized: Pedagogy and the Power of GIS in the Contextualizing of Historical Taiwan
Authors: Karalekas Dean
Published: December 2019

This paper will provide an overview of the historical influences that are the subject of the time-mapping visualization of Taiwan, primarily from the perspective of how those influences affected the island’s original inhabitants. This narrative accompanies a description of the mapping project itself—part of the Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative based at UC Berkeley—including details related to the source of historical/geographical data and the digitization of that data for dynamic representation. This project is centred on the cultural resources and experience of Taiwan, which today faces issues of aboriginal language extinction, identification and access to cultural resources, the teaching of history in public education, and adapting to a multicultural identity, all of which are components of cultural resource management (CRM), and all of which would be served well by the CRM technology and programs of which this project can be considered a pilot project.
FMRP has a cell-type-specific role in CA1 pyramidal neurons to regulate autism-related transcripts and circadian memory
Authors: Sawicka Kirsty , Hale Caryn R , Park Christopher Y , Fak John J , Gresack Jodi E , Van Driesche Sarah J , Kang Jin Joo , Darnell Jennifer C , Darnell Robert B
Published: December 2019

Loss of the RNA binding protein FMRP causes Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability, yet it is unknown how FMRP function varies across brain regions and cell types and how this contributes to disease pathophysiology. Here we use conditional tagging of FMRP and CLIP (FMRP cTag CLIP) to examine FMRP mRNA targets in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, a critical cell type for learning and memory relevant to FXS phenotypes. Integrating these data with analysis of ribosome-bound transcripts in these neurons revealed CA1-enriched binding of autism-relevant mRNAs, and CA1-specific regulation of transcripts encoding circadian proteins. This contrasted with different targets in cerebellar granule neurons, and was consistent with circadian defects in hippocampus-dependent memory in Fmr1 knockout mice. These findings demonstrate differential FMRP-dependent regulation of mRNAs across neuronal cell types that may contribute to phenotypes such as memory defects and sleep disturbance associated with FXS.
Common activation mechanism of class A GPCRs
Authors: Zhou Qingtong , Yang Dehua , Wu Meng , Guo Yu , Guo Wanjing , Zhong Li , Cai Xiaoqing , Dai Antao , Jang Wonjo , Shakhnovich Eugene I , Liu Zhi-Jie , Stevens Raymond C , Lambert Nevin A , Babu M Madan , Wang Ming-Wei , Zhao Suwen
Published: December 2019

Class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) influence virtually every aspect of human physiology. Understanding receptor activation mechanism is critical for discovering novel therapeutics since about one-third of all marketed drugs target members of this family. GPCR activation is an allosteric process that couples agonist binding to G-protein recruitment, with the hallmark outward movement of transmembrane helix 6 (TM6). However, what leads to TM6 movement and the key residue level changes of this movement remain less well understood. Here, we report a framework to quantify conformational changes. By analyzing the conformational changes in 234 structures from 45 class A GPCRs, we discovered a common GPCR activation pathway comprising of 34 residue pairs and 35 residues. The pathway unifies previous findings into a common activation mechanism and strings together the scattered key motifs such as CWxP, DRY, Na+ pocket, NPxxY and PIF, thereby directly linking the bottom of ligand-binding pocket with G-protein coupling region. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments support this proposition and reveal that rational mutations of residues in this pathway can be used to obtain receptors that are constitutively active or inactive. The common activation pathway provides the mechanistic interpretation of constitutively activating, inactivating and disease mutations. As a module responsible for activation, the common pathway allows for decoupling of the evolution of the ligand binding site and G-protein-binding region. Such an architecture might have facilitated GPCRs to emerge as a highly successful family of proteins for signal transduction in nature.
Norwegian Read & Publish agreements – an overview
Authors: Ottesen Lene
Published: December 2019

During the course of 2019, Unit (the Norwegian Directorate for ICT and Joint Services in Higher Education & Research), who acts as the Norwegian coordinator of Open Access and licence negotiations, landed Open Access agreements with the four major academic publishers. This article gives an overview of the key elements in the agreements with Wiley, Elsevier, Springer Nature and Taylor & Francis.
Functioning of autobiographical memory specificity and self-defining memories in people with cancer diagnosis
Authors: Nieto Marta , Navarro-Bravo Beatriz , Moreno Beatriz , Ocana Alberto , Serrano Juan Pedro , Boix Gras Clotilde , Ricarte Jorge , Fernández-Aguilar Luz , Ros Laura , Latorre Jose Miguel
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Cognitive and emotional disturbances have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Autobiographical memory is one of the specific cognitive processes affected during this disease. The current study had two main aims: (1) to compare the functioning of autobiographical memory specificity and its related variables (executive functioning, depression and perceived stress) in a group of persons with cancer and a control group; and (2) to analyze whether the experience of cancer evolved into a self-defining memory in the sample of participants diagnosed with this disease.

Method

The study sample comprised 62 participants, 31 in the group with a cancer diagnosis and 31 in the control group. Autobiographical memory specificity, executive functions, depression, stress and self-defining memory were evaluated in the current study.

Results

Depressive symptomatology and reduced executive functioning, but not perceived stress levels, are related and are predictors of autobiographical memory specificity. In addition, the identified characteristics of the self-defining memories were associated with the cancer experience as a threat to physical integrity and an awareness of the meaning of life.

Conclusion

This emerging research line is especially important in view of its possible impacts on patients’ well-being, due to the importance of psychological processes in cancer disease.
Heatstroke-induced hepatocyte exosomes promote liver injury by activating the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway in mice
Authors: Li Yue , Zhu Xintao , Zhang Ming , Tong Huasheng , Su Lei
Published: December 2019

Background

Liver injury is a common and important clinical issue of severe heat stress (HS), which has toxic effects and promotes subsequent multiple organ failure. The pathogenesis of HS-induced liver injury has not been fully elucidated. Passively injured hepatocytes also drive liver injury. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles secreted by hepatocytes as “danger signals,” mediate the intercellular transportation of diverse functional protein cargoes and modulate the biological processes of target cells. However, whether hepatocyte exosomes are involved in HS-induced liver injury has not been reported. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the release of hepatocyte exosomes under HS conditions and to explore their role in mediating HS-induced liver injury.

Methods

HSwas induced in hepatocytes or mice by hyperthermic treatment at 43.0 °C for 1 h. Exosomes from control and HS-exposed hepatocytes were isolated by standard differential ultracentrifugation. The hepatocyte exosomes were characterized, and the differentially expressed proteins of the control and HS exosomes were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) mass spectrometry and subjected to Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Recipient hepatocytes were treated with control or HS exosomes, whereas in vivo, the exosomes were infused into mice. The internalization of HS hepatocyte exosomes by hepatocytes or the liver was tracked. The effect of HS exosomes on the activation of the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and liver injury was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo.

Results

HS induced an increase in the release of exosomes from hepatocytes, which were internalized by recipient liver cells in vitro and taken up by the liver in vivo. HS significantly changed the proteomic profiles of hepatocyte exosomes based on the iTRAQ analysis. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed the enrichment of proteins associated with injury and inflammatory signaling pathways, especially the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, the activity of which was upregulated. Subsequently, the capacity of HS hepatocyte exosomes to activate the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was verified and found to aggrevate liver damage and inflammation in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

This study is the first preliminary study to demonstrate the induction of acute liver injury by hepatic exosomes in the setting of severe HS and reveals potentially related pathways. These results provide a basis for future research and the identification of new targets for clinical intervention.
Implementation of Java Based Racing Game, Pirate Race, Using Runnable Interface
Authors: Logiraj K.
Published: December 2019

Nowadays Java has become the most popular programming language that has been designed to develop desktop applications that run on Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Particularly, Java is useful for developing Game Applications. Implementing these applications is an effective educational way to encourage Java Learners. This paper aims to develop a desktop racing game to motivate freshmen who self-identity as creative or who wants to implement their own 2D racing games rather than a prescribed activity. It brings fun and simplicity of the game ‘Pirate Race’ with new features. This game was developed with the Runnable Interface by extending the JFrame and the movement of the objects in the frame was controlled by keyboard events. ‘Pirate Race’, is a simple game application that targets Java Learners to understand how usable classes and interfaces can be handled in a relatively short time. The application presents a graphical user interface with 2D graphical images having different file types (GIF, PNG, JPG) and with a background sound. The application allows the user to move the ship by pressing the (up, down, left, right) keys of the keyboard. The user’s goal is to compete with the other two pirate ships and finish the race with the first rank. When racing with opponents, the user must take correct moves to prevent the ship from crashing with ice mountain that resides in the sea. The game contains simple controls that can be easily caught by children. Therefore, it is suitable for players of the ages three and up. This will be a challenging and interesting game for children who likes to play computer games.
Virtual Synchronous Machines: The Future of Grid Integration
Authors: Selvam S. , Singh Harsh , Chandok Shivinder Singh
Published: December 2019

This paper is aimed to present an insight into the challenges that the power transmission infrastructure faces in terms of stability and operability due to integration of renewable energy on a large scale. Furthermore, the available mitigation strategies are discussed and various stability measures are discussed in detail with reference to the published papers to list out a comprehensive analysis.
Antimicrobial, Antiquorum-sensing and Ex-vivo Antispasmodic Activity of Adhatoda vasica
Authors: Ibrahim Dareen , Bar Fatma M. Abdel , Elgaml Abdelaziz , Gedara Sahar R. , Gohar Ahmed A.
Published: December 2019

Aims: To investigate the antimicrobial, antiquorum-sensing and Ex-vivo antispasmodic activity of the stem extract, fractions and isolated compounds of Adhatoda vasica.

Study Design: Preparation of the total extract, fractions of A. vasica and isolation of its phytoconstituents for investigation of antimicrobial, antiquorum-sensing and Ex-vivo antispasmodic activity.

Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt and College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, KSA, between November 2014 and May 2019.

Methodology: Different phytoconstituents in obtained liquid-liquid fractionations were isolated by repeated column chromatography. The preliminary antimicrobial activity was measured via agar disc-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was further determined using broth microdilution method in 96-well plates. Antiquorum-sensing activity was tested against Chromobacterium violaceum in LB agar medium. While, antispasmodic activity was performed using Ach-induced contraction on rat ileum.

Results: Seven compounds have been isolated from the stems extract of Adhatoda vasica viz., β-sitosterol, daucosterol palmitate, monopalmitin, vanillin, vanillic acid, vasicinolone and vasicinone. The petroleum ether fraction, daucosterol palmitate, monopalmitin, vanillin and vanillic acid showed strong antibacterial activity towards E. coli and S. aureus. Whereas daucosterol palmitate and vanillic acid showed pronounced antifungal activity against C. albicans. Antiquorum-sensing assay showed that β-sitosterol, vanillin and vanillic acid were the most active compounds. While, petroleum ether and methylene chloride fractions, vasicinolone and daucosterol palmitate showed moderate antiquorum-sensing activity. For antispasmodic activity, petroleum ether fraction showed a remarkable inhibition of Ach-induced contraction at 200 and 250 μg/mL (89.5 and 95.2%, respectively). Also, methylene chloride fraction showed remarkable inhibition (97.6%) at 150 μg/mL. Vasicinone and vasicinolone showed significant inhibition at 150 μg/mL (89.9% and 84.8%, respectively).

Conclusion: The isolated compounds and extracts from the stem of the studied plant showed remarkable activities. This work provides further evidences for the traditional medicinal uses of A. vasica in treatment of various ailments.
Assessment of Demographic Factors Associated with Falciparum Malaria among Hospital Patients in Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
Authors: Benjamin Gideon Yakusak , Bartholomew Benjamin , Abdullahi Jabir , Labaran Liman, Mubarak
Published: December 2019

Aim: Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites that belong to the genus Plasmodium. It is responsible for the death of millions of people worldwide. This study was aimed at assessing some demographic factors associated with falciparum malaria among hospital patients in Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria.

Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out involving three hundred consenting participants. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data from the participants; blood samples were collected from them and screened for Plasmodium falciparum by Rapid Diagnostic Test. Giemsa stained thick and thin blood films were prepared and examined under the microscope to confirm the presence of the parasite.  The data obtained were analyzed and P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The prevalence of malaria in males [22.6%] was slightly higher than females [21.7%]. The age group ≤10 had the highest prevalence followed by age groups 31-40 [31%], 11-20 [23.3%], 21-30 [12.6%] and ≥41 [9.1%] [p=0.002]. Participants who were married had higher prevalence [31.1%] than those who were divorced [0.0%] and single [13.2%] [p=0.000].

Conclusion: The research shows that Plasmodium falciparum is still prevalent in the study area. Age and marital status are important determinants of malaria prevalence as highlighted in this study. Children less than 10 years are at high risk for malaria, preventive measures should therefore target this group.
Life history trade‐offs are more pronounced for a noninvasive, native butterfly compared to its invasive, exotic congener
Authors: Kerr Natalie Z. , Crone Elizabeth E. , Chew Frances S.
Published: December 2019

Life history trade‐offs are ubiquitous in nature. Life history theory posits that these trade‐offs arise from individuals having limited resources to allocate toward all vital functions, such as survival, growth and reproduction. These trade‐offs position most species along a slow‐fast life history continuum, where individuals with slow life histories often have higher survival at the cost of delayed reproduction and individuals with fast life histories often live faster and die younger. However, these trade‐offs are sometimes less obvious for invasive species. Here, we constructed age‐based population models to compare life history strategies and trade‐offs between the noninvasive, native mustard white and invasive, exotic cabbage white (Pieris spp.) butterflies. We found that the cabbage white has faster larval growth and higher fecundity at younger ages, suggesting it has a fast life history compared to the mustard white. However, cabbage white also has higher adult survival at younger ages, suggesting that it experiences weaker trade‐offs among vital rates than its native counterpart. Our study illustrates the importance of demographic studies in evaluating life history strategies among congener species with different population histories, and emphasizes the many advantages experienced by invasive species in their novel environments.
A deep intronic splice variant advises reexamination of presumably dominant SPG7 Cases
Authors: Verdura Edgard , Schlüter Agatha , Fernández‐Eulate Gorka , Ramos‐Martín Raquel , Zulaica Miren , Planas‐Serra Laura , Ruiz Montserrat , Fourcade Stéphane , Casasnovas Carlos , López de Munain Adolfo , Pujol Aurora
Published: December 2019

Objective

To identify causative mutations in a patient affected by ataxia and spastic paraplegia.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) were performed using patient's DNA sample. RT‐PCR and cDNA Sanger sequencing were performed on RNA extracted from patient's fibroblasts, as well as western blot.

Results

A novel missense variant in SPG7 (c.2195T> C; p.Leu732Pro) was first found by whole‐exome sequencing (WES), while the second, also unreported, deep intronic variant (c.286 + 853A>G) was identified by whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). RT‐PCR confirmed the in silico predictions showing that this variant activated a cryptic splice site, inducing the inclusion of a pseudoexon into the mRNA sequence, which encoded a premature stop codon. Western blot showed decreased SPG7 levels in patient's fibroblasts.

Interpretation

Identification of a deep intronic variant in SPG7, which could only have been detected by performing WGS, led to a diagnosis in this HSP patient. This case challenges the notion of an autosomal dominant inheritance for SPG7, and illustrates the importance of performing WGS subsequently or alternatively to WES to find additional mutations, especially in patients carrying one variant in a gene causing a predominantly autosomal recessive disease.
Model‐based fault accommodation control of multiagent systems
Authors: Huang Sunan , Lin Feng
Published: December 2019

In recent years, consensus problem in multiagent systems (MASs) has been studied extensively. However, when a fault occurs in a MAS, this problem becomes more challenging. In this paper, we present several fault accommodation control schemes for a class of MASs. First, actuator faults are considered in our MASs. Second, a fault detection is proposed, which is constructed based on a residual and threshold value. Third, both passive and active fault accommodation control schemes are presented. Finally, a simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Routes for Efficiency Enhancement in Fluorescent TADF Exciplex Host OLEDs Gained from an Electro‐Optical Device Model
Authors: Regnat Markus , Pernstich Kurt P. , Kim Kwon‐Hyeon , Kim Jang‐Joo , Nüesch Frank , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: December 2019

Fluorescence‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have increasingly attracted attention in research and industry. One method to implement TADF is based on an emitter layer composed of an exciplex host and a fluorescent dopant. Even though the experimental realization of this concept has demonstrated promising external quantum efficiencies, the full potential of this approach has not yet been assessed. To this end, a comprehensive electro‐optical device model accounting for the full exciton dynamics including triplet harvesting and exciton quenching is presented. The model parameters are fitted to multiple output characteristics of an OLED comprising a TADF exciplex host with a fluorescent emitter, showing an external quantum efficiency of >10%. With the model at hand, an emission zone analysis and a parameter study are performed, and possible routes for further efficiency enhancement are presented.
Inkjet‐Printed Micrometer‐Thick Perovskite Solar Cells with Large Columnar Grains
Authors: Eggers Helge , Schackmar Fabian , Abzieher Tobias , Sun Qing , Lemmer Uli , Vaynzof Yana , Richards Bryce S. , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: December 2019

Transferring the high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of spin‐coated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on the laboratory scale to large‐area photovoltaic modules requires a significant advance in scalable fabrication methods. Digital inkjet printing promises scalable, material, and cost‐efficient deposition of perovskite thin films on a wide range of substrates and in arbitrary shapes. In this work, high‐quality inkjet‐printed triple‐cation (methylammonium, formamidinium, and cesium) perovskite layers with exceptional thicknesses of >1 µm are demonstrated, enabling unprecedentedly high PCEs > 21% and stabilized power output efficiencies > 18% for inkjet‐printed PSCs. In‐depth characterization shows that the thick inkjet‐printed perovskite thin films deposited using the process developed herein exhibit a columnar crystal structure, free of horizontal grain boundaries, which extend over the entire thickness. A thin film thickness of around 1.5 µm is determined as optimal for PSC for this process. Up to this layer thickness X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy analysis confirms the expected stoichiometric perovskite composition at the surface and shows strong deviations and inhomogeneities for thicker thin films. The micrometer‐thick perovskite thin films exhibit remarkably long charge carrier lifetimes, highlighting their excellent optoelectronic characteristics. They are particularly promising for next‐generation inkjet‐printed perovskite solar cells, photodetectors, and X‐ray detectors.
The role of kinetics and heat transfer on the performance of an industrial wall‐cooled packed‐bed reactor: Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane
Authors: Che‐Galicia Gamaliel , López‐Isunza Felipe , Corona‐Jiménez Edith , Castillo‐Araiza Carlos O.
Published: December 2019

This contribution evaluates systematic but rigorous methodologies to characterize kinetics and heat transfer mechanisms and states statistical and phenomenological criteria to model an industrial‐scale wall‐cooled packed‐bed reactor for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane over a MoVTeNbO catalyst. A set of kinetic formalisms was submitted to regression analyses with the reparametrized form of the Arrhenius and van't Hoff equations. Heat transfer parameters (HTP) were determined by evaluating either the effect of hydrodynamics or the type of temperature measurements on reactor simulations. Eley–Rideal formalism led to the most proper approach to describe kinetics, presenting thermodynamic consistency and statistical confidence; whereas the HTP determined out of radial and axial measurements and accounting for hydrodynamics led to the determination of the most reliable transport parameters presenting phenomenological and statistical significance. These results stated criteria to model with confidence the performance of the studied technology, paving the way for its further rigorous design, optimization, or intensification.
Plasticity in the growth of body segments in relation to height‐for‐age and maternal education in Guatemala
Authors: Ríos Luis , Terán José Manuel , Varea Carlos , Bogin Barry
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Plasticity in the growth of body segments between populations has been researched in relation to migration, temporal change and high‐altitude studies. We study the within population variation in body segments, thus controlling for some of the environmental and genetic differences that could be at play in between populations studies. We test a version of the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, where the growth of head‐trunk and hand are prioritized due to their functional significance over height and leg growth.

Materials and methods

A total of 3913 Guatemalan, rural, semi‐urban and urban, Maya and Ladino children 6 to 15 years old were studied. Height, sitting height, leg length, and metacarpal length were studied in relation to three proxies for living conditions: height‐ and leg length‐for‐age, and maternal education. Estimation statistics and null hypothesis significance testing were used to analyze the data.

Results

Metatarsal length and sitting height values were higher than height and leg length respectively. Relative metacarpal length was conserved across height‐for‐age groups. Females were less affected than males for metacarpal length and sitting height, but more affected for leg length.

Conclusion

Our results agree with the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, where metacarpal and sitting height growth would be prioritized over height and leg length due to greater functional significance.
Parental somatogonadal COL2A1 mosaicism contributes to intrafamilial recurrence in a family with type 2 collagenopathy
Authors: Yamamoto Kenichi , Kubota Takuo , Takeyari Shinji , Kitaoka Taichi , Miyata Kei , Nakano Yukako , Nakayama Hirofumi , Ohata Yasuhisa , Yanagi Kumiko , Kaname Tadashi , Okada Yukinori , Ozono Keiichi
Published: December 2019

The COL2A1 gene encodes the alpha‐1 chain of procollagen type 2. Pathogenic variants in the COL2A1 gene are associated with several different types of skeletal dysplasia collectively known as type 2 collagenopathies. Type 2 collagenopathies have an autosomal dominant inheritance. Some germline or somatogonadal mosaicism cases have been reported. We investigated whether somatogonadal mosaicism occurred in a family with two children suspected of type 2 collagenopathies or related diseases. First, we detected a pathogenic variant in the COL2A1 gene in the two affected children by whole exome sequencing (WES). Next, we performed targeted deep sequencing to their parents without the variant by WES. A low level of COL2A1 mosaicism was revealed in the mother's tissues. We concluded that the mother had somatogonadal mosaicism with the COL2A1 mutation arose in the epiblast, and that the intrafamilial recurrence rate of the disease by the somatogonadal mosaicism was higher than by the germline mosaicism. This report suggests that parental low‐level mosaicism should be evaluated in those parents with children carrying de novo germline mutations and the targeted deep sequencing is useful to detect them.
Demulsification of oil‐in‐water emulsions using hyperbranched poly(amido amine) demulsifiers with 4,4‐diaminodiphenyl methane as initial cores
Authors: Kuang Jiazhe , Jiang Xia , Mi Yuanzhu , Ye Fan , Zhang Zejun , Huang Zhiming , Yuan Huaikui , Luo Yue , Xie Fangqin
Published: December 2019

Hyperbranched poly(amido amine) demulsifier (PDDM) was synthesized by a modified “one‐pot” method with 4,4‐diaminodiphenyl methane as the central core and ethylenediamine as the interior branches. The structure of the demulsifier was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared. The effects of the temperature and PDDM concentration on the demulsification performance were investigated, and PDDM performance was compared to that of the hyperbranched demulsifier with 1,3‐propanediamine as the central core. When the emulsions were treated with the demulsifier concentration of 50 mg L−1 at 60 °C for 120 min, the light transmittance and removed total organic content of the aqueous phase reached 87.4 and 99.72%, respectively. At the optimal demulsification temperature of 60 °C, the surface tension reduction and the critical micelle concentration were 27.38 mN m−1 and 1.30 × 10−3 mol L−1, respectively. The combination of surface tension and interfacial tension measurements and the analysis of micrographs and particles sizes provide evidence for the possible demulsification mechanism. The excellent demulsification performance of the hyperbranched demulsifier indicates that it has great potential for use in the demulsification of oil‐in‐water emulsions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48846.
Simple and feasible strategy to fabricate microcellular poly(butylene succinate) foams by chain extension and isothermal crystallization induction
Authors: Yin Dexian , Mi Jianguo , Zhou Hongfu , Wang Xiangdong , Yu Kejing
Published: December 2019

In this article, a facile and efficient isothermal crystallization induction method was proposed to fabricate microcellular poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) foams with supercritical CO2. The good regularity of PE chain segments and high reactive epoxy groups in ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (PE‐g‐GMA) serving as a chain extender were employed to improve the crystallization behaviors, viscoelasticity, and foaming behaviors of PBS through chain extension reaction. The effect of PE‐g‐GMA content on the thermal properties, rheological performances, and cellular morphology of various PBS samples was investigated systematically. When the PE‐g‐GMA content switched from 7.5 to 10 wt %, an interesting transition from fine cells to microcells was observed in PBS/PE‐g‐GMA foams. Microcellular PBS foam modified by 10 wt % PE‐g‐GMA was successfully prepared at the foaming temperature of 87 °C and the induction time of 7 min, in which its cell size and cell density could reach 6.63 ± 1.93 μm and 3.75 × 109cells cm−3, respectively. The formation of abundant but tiny spherocrystals in chain extended PBS samples made a considerable contribution for preparing microcellular PBS foams. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48850.
Effects of fluctuations and color neutrality in a finite volume
Authors: Spieles Christian , Bleicher Marcus , Greiner Carsten
Published: December 2019

We investigate properties of strongly interacting matter in a schematic model based on the combined degrees of freedom of a noninteracting hadronic phase and a noninteracting deconfined phase. It is found that, in a finite system, both phases contribute to the thermodynamic state due to fluctuations and that signatures of critical behavior, such as the divergence of statistical quantities, are dampened. The constraint of color neutrality leads to a volume‐dependent shift of the effective critical temperature, which follows a scaling law, independent of the baryochemical potential. According to the model, observable baryon number susceptibilities at a given T and μB strongly depend on the system size. Finally, we compare hadronization conditions from the model with hadrochemical fits to experimental collider data, where a qualitatively similar system size dependence is extracted.
Exploring the partonic phase at finite chemical potential within an extended off‐shell transport approach
Authors: Bratkovskaya Elena , Cassing Wolfgang , Moreau Pierre , Oliva Lucia , Soloveva Olga , Song Taesoo
Published: December 2019

We extend the parton‐hadron‐string dynamics (PHSD) transport approach in the partonic sector by explicitly calculating the total and differential partonic scattering cross sections as a function of temperature T and baryon chemical potential μB on the basis of the effective propagators and couplings from the dynamical quasiparticle model (DQPM) that is matched to reproduce the equation of state of the partonic system above the deconfinement temperature Tc from lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We calculate the collisional widths for the partonic degrees of freedom at finite T and μB in the time‐like sector and conclude that the quasiparticle limit holds sufficiently well. Furthermore, the ratio of shear viscosity η over entropy density s, that is, η/s, is evaluated using the collisional widths and compared to lattice QCD(lQCD) calculations for μB = 0 as well. We find that the ratio η/s does not differ very much from that calculated within the original DQPM on the basis of the Kubo formalism. Furthermore, there is only a very modest change of η/s with the baryon chemical μB as a function of the scaled temperature T/Tc(μB). This also holds for a variety of hadronic observables from central A + A collisions in the energy range 5 GeV 200 GeV when implementing the differential cross sections into the PHSD approach. Accordingly, it will be difficult to extract finite μB signals from the partonic dynamics based on “bulk” observables.
EZH2 enhances expression of CCL5 to promote recruitment of macrophages and invasion in lung cancer
Authors: Xia Lilong , Zhu Xinhai , Zhang Lei , Xu Yanhui , Chen Guoping , Luo Jing
Published: December 2019

EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) regulates epigenetic gene silencing and functions as critical regulators in various tumor progression. Macrophages infiltration promotes cancer development via stimulating tumor cell migration and invasion. However, the effect of EZH2 on macrophages infiltration, cell invasion, and migration of lung cancer remains to be investigated. In this study, we found that knockdown of EZH2 inhibited macrophages chemotaxis and decreased chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5). Wound‐healing and transwell assays results showed that migration and invasion of lung cancer cells was inhibited by EZH2 deletion. Moreover, EZH2 overexpression increased CCL5 expression. Loss‐of functional assay indicated that the promotion ability of EZH2 on macrophages chemotaxis was inhibited by CCL5 knockdown. Mechanistically, the promotion ability of EZH2 on cell migration and invasion of lung cancer was also inhibited by CCL5 knockdown. The in vivo subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model also revealed that silence of EZH2 suppressed lung cancer metastasis and macrophages infiltration via regulation of CCL5. In conclusion, our findings indicated that EZH2 promoted lung cancer metastasis and macrophages infiltration via upregulation of CCL5, which might be the underlying mechanism of EZH2‐induced lung cancer cell progression.
Untersuchungen zur Anwendbarkeit optischer Verformungsmessverfahren bei Plastic Concrete
Authors: Shepherd David Alós , Bruckschlögl Sebastian , Kotan Engin , Dehn Frank
Published: December 2019

Plastic Concrete wird im Spezialtiefbau als hoch verformbarer Dichtwandbeton im Kontraktorverfahren eingebaut, um die Durchsickerung von Dämmen und des Untergrunds zu unterbinden. Die plastischen und niederfesten Materialeigenschaften sowie der hohe Wassergehalt der Mischungen erschweren die experimentellen Untersuchungen des Verformungsverhaltens. Daher wurden verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Verformungsmessung auf deren Anwendbarkeit bei Plastic Concrete untersucht und verglichen. In den experimentellen Untersuchungen konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass das eingesetzte optische Verformungsmesssystem, welches auf der digitalen Bildkorrelation (engl. DIC – Digital Image Correlation) basiert, eine geeignete Möglichkeit darstellt, die Verformungseigenschaften des Materials zu bestimmen. Somit zeigte sich, dass die flächendeckende Ermittlung lokaler Verschiebungen und Verformungen eine umfangreiche Auswertung ermöglicht, die über die herkömmliche Bestimmung der Dehnungen hinausgeht. Zudem konnten neue Erkenntnisse bzgl. des mechanischen Bruchverhaltens von Plastic Concrete gewonnen werden. Durch einen Vergleich der Messergebnisse aus unterschiedlichen Verformungsmessverfahren (digitale Bildkorrelation bzw. aufgeklebte Dehnmessstreifen) zeigte sich eine gute Übereinstimmung der Messergebnisse, wobei das optische Verformungsmesssystem wegen seiner flächendeckenden Darstellung der Verformungen zu bevorzugen ist.
An unusual cause of recurrent mitral regurgitation after percutaneous mitral valve repair
Authors: Winkel Mirjam Gauri , Brugger Nicolas , Windecker Stephan , Praz Fabien
Published: December 2019

Recurrent flail leaflet represents an infrequent cause of recurrent mitral regurgitation after MitraClip. This report presents a case of recurrent severe MR due to a ruptured chorda tendineae after edge‐to‐edge repair.
Preprocedural three‐dimensional planning aids in transcatheter ductal stent placement: A single‐center experience
Authors: Chamberlain Reid C. , Ezekian Jordan E. , Sturgeon Gregory M. , Barker Piers C.A. , Hill Kevin D. , Fleming Gregory A.
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Describe the use of three‐dimensional (3D) patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) modeling to better define ductal anatomy to improve preprocedural planning for ductal stent placement.

Background

Ductal stenting is an alternative to surgical shunting in patients with ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow. Ductal anatomy is often complex with extreme tortuosity and risk of pulmonary artery isolation, thus increasing procedural risks.

Methods

CT angiograms were segmented to produce 3D PDA models. Ductal morphology was characterized with attention to access approach, degree of pulmonary artery offset/risk of isolation and ductal tortuosity. 3D models were retrospectively compared with biplane angiography.

Results

3D modeling was performed in 12 patients with adequate image quality for complete analysis in 11; median (interquartile range) age/weight 17 days (8–20 days) and 3.1 kg (2.4–3.9 kg). The PDA was reverse oriented in nine with average length of 17.2 ± 2.5 mm and high tortuosity (mean tortuosity index 52, range 3–108). From 3D modeling, two patients were excluded from ductal stenting—extreme ductal tortuosity and threatened pulmonary artery discontinuity, respectively. Ductal stenting was successful in the remaining nine with no major procedural complications. 3D modeling predicted a successful access approach based on the aortic orientation of the ductus in all patients (five carotid, two axillary, two femoral). When comparing 2D angiography with 3D models, angiography consistently underestimated ductal length (−3.2 mm ± 1.6 mm) and tortuosity (−14.8 ± 7.2).

Conclusions

3D modeling prior to ductal stent placement for ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow is useful in procedural planning, specifically for eligibility, access approach, and accurate ductal measurements. Further studies are needed to determine if 3D planning improves procedural outcomes.
A novel lipase from Aspergillus oryzae catalyzed resolution of (R,S)‐ethyl 2‐bromoisovalerate
Authors: Wu Peng , Zhang Mengjie , Zhang Yinjun , Wang Zhao , Zheng Jianyong
Published: December 2019

In this study, a novel lipase M5 derived from Aspergillus oryzae WZ007 was prone to exhibit high hydrolytic activity and stereoselectivity towards racemic substrate (R,S)‐ethyl 2‐bromoisovalerate. (R)‐ethyl 2‐bromoisovalerate was obtained by enzymatic resolution, which is the key chiral intermediate for highly efficient enantiomerically fluvalinate. The results showed that the enzymatic reaction was carried out in 120mM racemic substrate for 3 hours, the enantiomeric excess reached 98.6%, the conversion was 51.7%, and E value above 120. Therefore, the novel lipase M5 has the ability to efficiently produce (R)‐ethyl 2‐bromoisovalerate, which greatly reduces the industrial production cost of the highly efficient counterpart of fluvalinate.