bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Distribution and Behaviour Throughout the Life Cycles of Thanatephoru8, Waitea, and Ceratobasidium Species
Authors: Flentje NT , M Stretton Helena , Hawn EJ
Published: July 2016

Nuclear distribution and behaviour throughout the life cycles of Thanateplwrus, Waitea, and Ceratobasidium species was studied in both living and stained preparations.
The Enzymatic Activity of Mouse Testis
Authors: Blackshaw AW
Published: July 2016

The reduction of a tetrazolium salt, 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p.nitrophenyl)-5- phenyl tetrazolium chloride has been used to estimate the enzymatic activity of mouse testis.
Analysis of Diallel Cross Experiments in a Split-Plot Situation
Authors: John PWM
Published: July 2016

In diallel cross experiments with reciprocal crosses present, crosses with the same maternal line are sometimes planted together or otherwise segregated. The results of Griffing (1956) for tho analysis of dianel cross experiments in randomized blocks are extended to give an analysis for this split-plot situation.
Comparisons of Potentials for General Combining Ability Selection Methods Utilizing One or Two Random-Mating Populations
Authors: Griffing B
Published: July 2016

This study is concerned with comparisons of potentials exhibited by the entire class of general combining ability methods which can be generated by one or two random-mating populations. By potential is meant the greatest value the population mean assumes with continued application of a given selection method initially applied to a population of specified genetic constitution. The argument is restricted to an arbitrary number of alleles at a single locus, and it is assumed that the populations are infinite in size.
The Use of Various Diluents for Deep-Freezing Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: Choong CH , Wales RG
Published: July 2016

Non-dialysable milk solids added to synthetic diluents improved the revival of deep-frozen bull spermatozoa. The use of casein led to a similar revival.
Fructose and Glucose Utilization by Lamb and Sheep Brain
Authors: Setchell BP
Published: July 2016

Fructose can be utilized by the mammalian brain in vitro as judged by oxygen uptake and by lactate production, although with some preparations lactate production was slower from fruotose than from gluoose (LoebeI1925; Diokens and Greville 1933; Edson and Leloir 1936; Geiger 1940; Klein 1944; Meyerhof and Wilson 1948). An increase in oxygen uptake by brain slices in vitro, during application of electrical pulses to the tissue, occurs when glucose is present in the medium; this also occurs when fructose is present in the medium, but higher concentrations of fructose than gluoose are needed for the same effeot (McIlwain 1953).
Sectioning and Electron Microscopy of Eucalypt Leaf Waxes
Authors: D HuiAm N
Published: July 2016

A method is described of preparing leaf sections for electron microscopy. which preserves the surface wax structures; it involves the evaporation of gold-palladium on to the waxy leaf surface before dehydration and embedding with the usual solvents. Sections through the epidermis showed structure related to that seen in carbon replicas of the leaf surface and allowed assessment of the thickness of the wax coating. The method also allowed better preservation of cuticular structure, which in Eucalyptus cinerea is lamellar. It is suggested that, in this species at least, wax may migrate to the leaf surface through anastomosing channels between the cuticular lamellae.
Derivative Recording in Column Chromatography
Authors: Tracey MV
Published: July 2016

The use of an ultraviolet "peak-spotter" and pH-meter to obtain the first derivative of the effluent transmission curve from columns of Sephadex is described. The" method is of use in determining accurate peak separations in effluents, in handling cloudy solutions, as a guide to the fractionation of complex inixtures, and in the study of rapid reversible association in protein systems.
Periodicity of Basidiospore Release in Puooinia Malvaoearum
Authors: Carter MV , Banyer RJ
Published: July 2016

Puccinia malvacearum Mont. is a micro cyclic rust, with a world~wide distribution, which attacks representatives of most genera of the family Malvaceae.
Effects of Metabolites and Antlmetabolites on the Sporulation of Peronospora Tabaoina Adam. On Tobacco Leaf Disks
Authors: Shepherd CJ , Mandryk M
Published: July 2016

The effects of 148 metabolites and a~tinietabolites on the sporulation or" Peronospora tabacina Adam. on leaf disks of Nieotiand tubacum cv. Virginia Gold. have been determined.
Properties of An Iridescent Virus From the Beetle, Serioesthis Pruinosa
Authors: Day MF , Mercer EH
Published: July 2016

The recently described iridescent virus from Serice8this (SIV) is closely related to Tipula iridescent virus (TIV). TIV and SIV are morphologically similar and have similar sedimentation coefficients (820, w = 2200 S). SIV differs from TIV serologically and in DNA content. Large yields of purified SIV, of the order of 2 mg virus protein per pupa, maybe obtained from the wax moth, Galleria melloneUa.
Radiation-Induced Reversion of Transition Mutants
Authors: Grigg GW
Published: July 2016

X-irradiation increased the reversion frequency of two transition mutants of Escherichia coli, one of which (meth-) differed genetically from wild type by an adenine-thymine substitution of a guanine-cytosine base pair, the other (urg-2-) by a guanine-cytosine substitution of an adenine-thymine base pair. The lethal effects of the radiation were greatest when protein synthesis was prevented for a period immediately after irradiation. A period of 30 min at 37�0 was as effective as 22 hr. Irradiation of a saline suspension gave a lower survival of 0�2 times that of bacteria irradiated after being spread on minimal agar plates.
The Effects of Calcium and Tris(Hydroxymethyl)Amino-Methane on Potassium Uptake During and After the Lag Phase in Red Beet Tissue
Authors: Van Steveninck RFM
Published: July 2016

Both CaH and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) caused a shortening of the lag phase in net K+ absorption in beetroot tissue. At pH 8 the effect of Tris was more immediate than that of CaH, while the reverse was true at pH 6. At both pH values the effect of CaH prevailed when CaH and Tris were simultaneously present in the external solution.
Physical Environment and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation II. Root Temperature Effects on the Relative Nitrogen Assimilation Rate
Authors: Gibson AH
Published: July 2016

Nitrogen fixation by six varieties of Trifolium subterraneum L., each inoculated with a number of strains of Rhizobium trifolii, was examined over a range of root temperatures. Significant differences in the rate of nodule establishment and early nitrogen fixation were found between varieties, and between bacterial strains. In order to minimize the effect of such differences, relative nitrogen assimilation rates (RN) and relative growth rates (R w) were used to compare the different legume-bacteria associations.
Translocation of Labelled Assimilates in the Soybean IV. Some Effects of Low Temperature on Translocation
Authors: Thrower StellAL
Published: July 2016

Translocation of 14C-Iabelled assimilate within the plant ceased when the plant was held at 2-3�C. Chilling a short length of petiole to 1�C prevented trans� location of labelled assimilate past the chilled section of petiole. When the petiole was again warmed, translocation through it was resumed. The time between warm-ing the petiole and the resumption of translocation varied between 5 and 20 min.
Ion Exchange and Diffusion in Roots of Hordeum Vulgare
Authors: Pitman MG
Published: July 2016

Measurements were made of the rapid, free space exchange of sodium, potassium, and iodide in barley roots (Hordeum vulgare cv. Bolivia). Part of this free space exchange was due to a cation-exchange system as in other plant cell walls (beet, Ohara). From these measurements the diffusivity of both potassium and sodium was estimated to be 3-4 X 10-7cm2sec-1 in barley root cell walls. The exchange sites were distributed between the cortex and the stele, but exchange with sites in the stele was not detectably slower than with those in the cortex, so it is considered that the endodermis does not act as an effective barrier to potassium and sodium diffu.sion in barley roots.
The Location of the Donnan Free Space in Disks of Beetroot Tissue
Authors: Pitman MG
Published: July 2016

This paper describes experiments which show that the cell walls of beetroot tissue contain sufficient cation�exchange sites to account for at least 95% of the Donnan free space (D.F.S.) as measured by Briggs, Hope, and Pitman (1958). The contribution of the cytoplasm to the D.F.S. in their measurements was therefore less than 5%. The exchange sites in the D.F.S. of the tissue and in the cell walls have the same pKa of about 2�8, and are considered to be due to bound Ilronic acids.
Variation of Scutellar Bristles in Drosophila IV. Effects of Selection
Authors: Fraser AS , Scowcroft W , Nassar R , Angeles H , Bravo G
Published: July 2016

A series of experiments of selection of scutellar bristles in D. melanogaster is described. The evidence suggest that there are three levels at which artificial selection is relatively ineffective and that these levels are not necessarily a function of homozygosity but rather of natural selection maintaining the line at a new equilibrium value. Crosses between the initial set (A set) of selection lines led to the conclusion that there is a consistent dominance of the parent with the lower scutellar value.
Variation of Scutellar Bristles in Drosophila VI. Dominance and Epistasis
Authors: Fraser AS
Published: July 2016

Selection for extrascutellar bristles has resulted in two main levels of selection response, in several sets of lines. Crosses between these lines have shown that there are two genetic systems controlling the number of scutellar bristles.
Effects of Chelation and of Various Cations on the Mobility of Foliar-Applied 65zn in Subterranean Clover
Authors: Millikan CR , Hanger BC
Published: July 2016

Injection of 65Zn of high specific activity into old leaves of subterranean clover (Trifolium 8ubterraneum L.) resulted in the virtual immobilization of the isotope in the laminae of the treated leaves. The addition of 30, 300, or 500 p.g respectively of non-radioactive zinc to the dose resulted in progressively increased ,movement of 65Zn into other parts of the plant.
Some Properties of a tobacco Ringspot Virus Isolate from South Australia
Authors: Randles JW , Francki RIB
Published: July 2016

A virus has been isolated from Gladiolus sp. (cv. Spic and Span) in South Australia. This gladiolus virus has been partially purified and could not be distinguished serologically from a North American strain of tobacco ringspot virus although it is symptomologically unlike the type strain. Gladiolus virus was not transmitted by the aphids Myzus persicae (Sulz.). Aphis craccivora (Koch), Aphis gossypii (Glov.), Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.), or Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thos.). The virus failed to be transmitted through soil infested with the nematode Xiphinema americanum Cobb, but was transmissible through seeds of Glycine max Merr. (cv. Lincoln) and Nicotiana glutinosa L.
The Surface Waxes of the Sultana Vine (Vitis Vinifera Cv. Thompson Seedless)
Authors: Radler F
Published: July 2016

The surface wax from leaves, fruits, and stems of the sultana vine obtained by extraction with cold chloroform has been analysed by chromatographic methods. The composition of the hydrocarbon, alcohol, and acid fractions was determined by gasliquid chromatography. No considerable changes in the amount of wax during fruit or leaf development has been observed. Leaves were found to have only 0�008-0�011 mg wax per square centimetre, whereas 0�09-0 �11 mg wax per square centimetre was found on grapes. The surface wax of grapes at all developmental stages contained oleanolic acid as the major constituent, but this compound was present only in small amounts on leaves. That part of all waxes soluble in light petroleum had a similar composition.
Sources of Error in Two-Wavelength Microspectrophotometry
Authors: Cleland KW
Published: July 2016

This paper is concerned with defining the conditions under which the twowavelength method can be used accurately and precisely for studies of Fe ulgen-stained sections.
Photosynthesis in Artificial Communities of Cotton Plants in Relation to Leaf Area I. Experiments with Progressive Defoliation of Mature Plants
Authors: Ludwig LJ , Saeki T , Evans LT
Published: July 2016

The relation between the leaf area index (L.A.I.) of artificial communities of cotton plants and their rates of dark respiration and of net photosynthesis at three light intensities was examined. The L.A.I. was varied by the removal of successive layers of leaves, working from the base of the canopy upwards. Experiments were carried out at 20, 30, and 40�0 to vary the relative magnitudes of respiration and photosynthesis.
Influence of Sex on Selection I. Contribution of Sex-Linked Genes
Authors: Griffing B
Published: July 2016

Consequences of individual selection and relaxation from selection are examined for genotypes generated by sex-linked genes. Two levels of complexity are studied. At the first level genotypes are derived from an arbitrary number of alleles at one locus. This situation is sufficiently general to include any pattern of dominance parameters. It is shown that the increment responses to selection for the two sexes may be different since they are different functions of genotypic variances and covariances. As a result of selection, the frequencies for the same allele diverge in the two sexes. Hence, on relaxation from selection, both male and female means fluctuate until gene equilibrium is reached.
Changes in Levels of Salivary Sodium and Potassium Associated with the Mustering of Beef Cattle
Authors: Post TB
Published: July 2016

During the course of some studies of body water in grazing steers (Post and Jenkins, unpublished data), some observations were made of salivary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) to investigate possible associations. The parotid salivary sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio has been proposed as an index of the secretion of electrolyte-active steroids (Goding and Denton 1957, 1959; Denton, Goding, and Wright 1959).
Use of Carbohydrate Reserves During Growth from Cuttings of Grape Vine
Authors: Buttrose MS
Published: July 2016

Changes in the carbohydrate status of cuttings of vines (Vitis vinifera cv. Sultana) from which plants were developed in a glasshouse were studied by dry weight measurements and analysis for sugars, starch, and hemicellulose. Treatments consisted of one-node cuttings and two-node cuttings (differing initial quantities of carbohydrate reserves) and one-node cuttings with shade (carbohydrate stress).
Uptake of Potassium and Sodium by Seedlings of Sinapis Alba
Authors: Pitman MG
Published: July 2016

Seedlings of Sinapis alba (mustard) have a lower potassium selectivity than those of barley, as shown by the lower ratio of potassium to sodium in the shoots of plants grown on the same solution. The ratio in the shoots is usually lower than in the roots, whereas in barley it is higher. In spite of this difference in selectivity, the uptake of potassium and sodium by mustard has much in common with that by barley. The total potassium and sodium uptake to the shoot is independent of the ratio in the solution; the ratio of potassium to sodium in the shoot is proportional to that in the roots, but not to that in solution; and potassium selectivity can be reduced by transpiration. Thus it appears that the same general model for ion uptake can be used for both plants, although they have different levels of selectivity. In this model it is suggested that total potassium and sodium uptake is controlled by an active anion transport coupled with plant growth by means of metabolism, but selectivity is determined during movement of ions into the stele through cytoplasm and cell walls.
The Demonstration of Antibodies in the Intestinal Mucus of Sheep Infected with Oesophagostomum Columbianum by Means of the Percutaneous Anaphylaxis Test
Authors: Dobson C
Published: July 2016

There is little evidence in the literature that a direct approach has been made to the demonstration of antibodies against helminth infections in mucus (Pierce 1959; Soulsby 1960). Soulsby attempted to detect these antibodies in intestinal mucus with haemagglutinating techniques but had no success. Less direct evidence is available, however, for the existence of immune substances in the intestinal mucus of infected animals, because Douvres (1962) has reported the existence of in vitro precipitin reactions against the third-stage and third-moult phase larvae of Oesophagostomum radiatum using intestinal extracts from infected calves. Similarly the hypertrophy of lymphoid (Soulsby 1962) and mucin (Wells 1963) cells within the intestinal tissues during nematode infections is indicative of an immune response.
The Efflux of Chloride from Cells of Nitella and Chara
Authors: Hope AB , Simpson A , Walker NA
Published: July 2016

The efflux of chloride across the plasmalemma of internodal cells of Nitella translucens and of Clwra australis has been measured under various conditions. It is large in the dark, and is reduced by light and by removal of the chloride ions from the external solution. Typical values for a chloride concentration of 1� 3 mM in the external solution are: light, 0�6 pmole cm-2 sec-t, rising in the dark to about 4�0 pmole cm-2 sec-1 for several hours, and finally steady in the dark at about 2� 5 pmole cm-2 sec-i. It is concluded that these changes are produced by changes in the permeability of the membrane to chloride ions. The two species give very similar results
The Structure and Plastic Properties of the Cell Wall of Nitella in Relation to Extension Growth
Authors: Probine MC , Barber NF
Published: July 2016

The internodal cells of Nitella opaca L. have been used in earlier studies to assess the part which mechanical properties of the wall may play in the control of cell growth (Probine and Preston 1962). The wall is mechanically anisotropic in both its plastic and elastic properties, and it is shown in this paper by an approximate theoretical treatment that a mat of cellulose microfibrils, embedded in a plastic matrix and having a distribution in the plane of the wall like that observed in Nitella, would lead to longitUdinal and transverse plastic extensions in the ratio observed in the growing cell. Factors which would affect cell shape are discussed.
Isolation, Purification, and Some Properties of Two Viruses from Cultivated Cymbidium Orchids
Authors: Francki RIB
Published: July 2016

Two distinct viruses have been isolated from cultivated Oymbidium plants in Australia. Each virus isolate has been transmitted to herbaceous plants, has been purified, and high-titre antiserum has been produced. One isolate has been identified as a serotype of tobacco mosaic virus; the other is suspected of being Oymbidium mosaic virus and has flexuous rods about 13 by 475 mIL. Electron micrographs of particles of the latter show that they have hollow central canals and consist of helical structures with a pitch of approximately 2� 8 mIL' Results indicate that inoculation to herbaceous plants and electron-microscopic examination and serological testing of leaf extracts can be used as methods for the routine indexing of Oymbidium plants.
Influence of Sex on Selection III. Joint Contributions of Sex-Linked and Autosomal Genes
Authors: Griffing B
Published: July 2016

The joint contributions of sex-linked and autosomal genes to mass and general combining ability selection procedures are examined. Detailed results are given for n consecutive cycles of selection, and for relaxation from selection, with regard to a two�locus model which involves both sex-linked and autosomal loci. This model permits (1) an arbitrary number of alleles at each locus; (2) an arbitrary system of dominance parameters; (3) an arbitrary system of sex-linked-autosomal epistatic parameters; and (4) different genotypic values for the same autosomal genotype in the two sexes. This last condition implies that the model incorporates "sex-influenced" as well as "sex-linked" inheritance.
Variation of Scutellar Bristles in Drosophila X. Selection Limits
Authors: Scowcroft WR
Published: July 2016

The response to selection for scutellar bristles in three lines which originally shared a common gene pool is described. Genetic dissimilarities resulting from selection in these three lines could be adduced from the type of response patterns, the magnitude and rate of response, the effect of suspended and reverse selection, and from a genetic analysis of whole chromosomes. Two barriers to progress from selection were established. One appeared to be due to homozygosity of effective factors, while the other contained a considerable amount of genetic variability utilizable by reverse selection only. The two models proposed to account for the response patterns observed both invoke the role of recombination in the release of genetic variability. One model assumes the existence of at least two closely linked loci while the other takes account of the fact that recombination within an asymmetrically paired segment leads to the production of duplications. It is argued that such duplications may favour high bristle number.
Fungal Cellulases XVII. The Behaviour of T-Butyl Alcohol, Pinacol, and Methanol As Acceptors for the ?-Glucosidase of Stachybotrys Atra
Authors: Jermyn MA
Published: July 2016

The affinity of ,a-glucosidase for t-buty1 alcohol is similar to that for methanol but the rate of decomposition of the enzyme-two-substrate complex is much decreased for t-butyl alcohol. Pinacol is very similar to t-butyl alcohol in its behaviour as an acceptor.
Fungal Cellulases XVIII. Ethyl L·Lactate As an Acceptor for the ?-Glucosidase of Stachybotrys Atra
Authors: Jermyn MA
Published: July 2016

Ethyl L-Iactate in dilute aqueous solution appears to depress the overall activity of ,B-glucosidase as well as acting as an acceptor, and the two effects cannot be disentangled. The effects of solute interaction on the properties of the enzyme were studied in isolation by using another water-soluble ester, methyl acetate. This solute affects the shape and height of the pH-activity curve and the relation between pH and Michaelis constant. The sum of these effects appears as an activation or a depression, according to the pH.
Competition Between Males in the Determination of Mating Speed in Drosophila Pseudoobscura
Authors: Kaul D , Parsons PA
Published: July 2016

Kaul and Parsons (1965) showed that the mating speed of STIST, STICH, and CHICH karyotypes (ST = Standard and CH = Chiracahua gene arrangements) differed, and that the differences were almost entirely male-determined. This observation was based on single-pair matings for all possible combinations between these karotypes, of which there are nine, taking into account reciprocals.
The Physiology of Growth in the Wheat Plant
Authors: Williams RF
Published: July 2016

The growth of the primary shoot of wheat and particularly of its inflorescence is described for plants grown in a controlled long-day environment.
Effect of Actinomycin D and 2-Thiouracil on Floral Induction and Nucleic Acid Synthesis in the Bud in Chenopodium Amaranticolor
Authors: Watson JD , Matthews REF
Published: July 2016

Actinomycin D and 2-thiouracil inhibit floral initiation in C. amaranticolor when applied to plants before the end of the inductive dark period. Actinomycin D does not suppress floral differentiation if it is applied to plants more than 48 hr after the inductive dark cycle, whereas 2-thiouracil retains its ability to interfere with floral differentiation when applied to plants several days after the inductive dark period.
Calcium and Magnesium Uptake by Barley Seedlings
Authors: Lazaroff N , Pitman MG
Published: July 2016

Measurements have been made of calcium and magnesium uptake to barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare) growing on nutrient solutions. Uptake to the shoot increased with solution concentration and showed a preference for magnesium, largely due to the action of transpiration. Though uptake of both ions was increased by higher transpiration, magnesium was more affected than was calcium. In the root, calcium was taken up preferentially to magnesium, and the levels were not affected by transpiration rate.
A Study of the Surface Wax Deposits on Apple Fruit
Authors: Hall DM
Published: July 2016

Optical and electron micrographs of surface wax deposits on four varieties show varietal differences. In addition to normal structure a lath�like wax can be seen in the fine cuticle cracks that are plentiful on Golden Delicious and sparse on other varieties; another form of wax is always at right angles to abrasion marks on the fruit and is present on all varieties.
The Fine Structure of the Mycorrhizas of Pinus Radiata D. Don
Authors: Foster RC , Marks GC
Published: July 2016

The fine structure of one of two common types of mycorrhiza formed by Pinus radiata D. Don is described. The results showed inter alia that the ability of a fungus to form mycorrhiza depended on its tolerance to polyphenolic compounds in the so-called tannin layer of the cortex. Hartig net formation is a process in which the invading fungus lysed the middle lamellae and then separated the cells of the host by mechanical action. Evidence of the transfer of carbohydrate from the cortical cells of the host into the fungus in the Hartig net was obtained. Typical dolipore septae were observed both in the mantle and Hartig net hyphae. A new and hitherto undescribed structure was observed in the fungal partner.
The Metabolism of Tritiated Testosterone by a Wether
Authors: Osborne WB , Wong PK , Garnett JL
Published: July 2016

An experiment to study the metabolism of exogenous testosterone and the formation of tissue residues in a wether is described. Testosterone labelled with tritium by a catalytic process was injected intramuscularly. Rapid metabolism resulted in the excretion of 74'5% of the injected radioactivity in 4 days and complete elimination (101, 4%) in 31 days, of which the urine accounted for 59� 6%, faeces 41'0%, and expired air 0'8%.
XIX. Polyhydroxylic Acceptors for the . ? -Glucosidase of Staohybotrys Atra
Authors: ermyn MAJ
Published: July 2016

Transfer to polyols appears to take place principally to the terminal primary hydroxyl group. Transfer to the penultimate secondary hydroxyl group in any amount was only demonstrated for the pentitols, adonitol, and L-arabitol. Where the concentrations of the acceptor and the initial transfer product are of the same order of magnitude, there is measurable transfer to the initial transfer product to give molecules containing two glucosyl residues. Where all hydroxyls are secondary, as in myoinositol, no one transfer product predominates.
Association Between Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Variants and the R-O-I Blood Group System in the Australian Merino
Authors: Hope RM
Published: July 2016

Rendel and Stormont (1964) reported evidence of a polymorphism in sheep for serum alkaline phosphatase. Starch gel electrophoresis of serum always revealed a single zone of enzyme activity (zone A) on the cathode side of the transferrins. In some samples, however, an additional zone of slower mobility (zone B) was observed closer to the slow a-globulins, and the presence of this zone was closely associated with the presence of soluble blood group substance 0 in the plasma and on the red cells. Associations have also been described between electrophoretically distinguishable serum phosphatase types and the J blood group system of cattle (Rendel and Gahne 1963), and the ABO blood group system of man (Beckman 1964). The blood groups concerned with these associations (R-O-i of sheep, J of cattle, and ABO of man) are serologically closely related (Neimann-Sorensen, Rendel, and Stone 1954), and the finding of simiiar associations with related blood groups in three organisms seems to strengthen the possibility of some general functional relationship between alkaline phosphatase and blood groups. However, the nature of the genetic control of serum alkaline phosphatase is not known, and it is possible that the difference in phosphatase phenotype is due to interaction between the enzyme and certain blood group substances. This suggestion is supported by the artificial induction of B zone alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of previously B-negative sheep by intravenous injection of saliva containing 0 blood group substance (Rendel et al. 1964).
Serum Transferrins of Twin Sheep-Goat Hybrids
Authors: Cooper DW , Bailey IF , Alexander G , Williams D
Published: July 2016

Recently there has been renewed interest in the question of hybridization between sheep and goats. Bratanov and Dikov (1960, 1961) have claimed that live and fully viable hybrids� can be produced. Szumowski and TMret (1965) have summarized the results of their own and three other investigations on one particular individual suspected of being a hybrid; on .the basis of its morphological and serological characteristics they considered it to be a true hybrid. Bowerman and Hancock (1963) and Alexander and Williams (unpublished data) have obtained hybrid foetuses with the intermediate chromosome number of 57 (sheep 54, goat 60) but found that the foetuses invariably died, usually at about the 60th day of pregnancy. The purpose of this report is to describe the transferrin types of twin hybrid foetuses obtained by Caesarian section at 61 days. The material was obtained during the course of hybridization experiments of Alexander and Williams.
Variation in the Sulphur Content of Wool of Merino Sheep Associated with Genetic Differences in Wool-Producing Capacity
Authors: Piper LR , Dolling CHS
Published: July 2016

The sulphur content of wool may be influenced by a number of factors. Copper deficiency has been shown to reduce sulphur content (Marston 1946), while the administration of sulphur-containing amino acids or casein directly into the abomasum has been shown to increase substantially both the sulphur content of wool and the rate of wool growth (Reis and Schinckel1961, 1963, 1964). Variation in the nutritional status of both pen-fed (Reis 1965) and grazing (Reis and Williams 1965) sheep, associated with variation in either the amount or the composition of the diet, has also been shown to influence sulphur content; wool growth and sulphur content have both increased as nutrition has been improved, and vice versa. Variation in the sulphur content of wool from grazing sheep has also been reported by Ross (1961, 1964) who suggested that there was an inverse relationship between rate of wool growth and its sulphur content. The sheep observed by Ross were Romney ewes and Reis and Williams (1965) have cast some doubt on the relationship suggested by Ross on the grounds that the seasonal variation in wool growth may have been affected by factors other than nutrition.
Nodulation and Growth of Trifolium Subterraneum L. CY. Mount Barker in Agar Culture
Authors: Cannon JR , H Corbett Nanette , Brockwell J , Gibson AH , Mcintyre§ GA
Published: July 2016

The presumptive effect of root exudates on the course of nodulation of Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Mount Barker in agar culture was investigated by means of the preplanting technique. The technique was also re-examined with a view to its use for the bioassay of substances influencing nodule formation. Preplanting was found to remove unidentified nitrogenous compounds from the agar media. It was also found that some of the data obtained are subject to observer effects.
The Effect of Water Stress on the Movement of [14c]Sucrose and of Tritiated Water within the Supply Leaf of Young Bean Plants
Authors: Plaut Z , Reinhold Leonora
Published: July 2016

When [140]sucrose was applied to one of the primary leaves of bean plants and the small application site subsequently removed, far higher amounts of alcohol-soluble 140 were detected in the leaves of plants under water stress than in controls. The effect could not be accounted for by translocation out of the leaf, nor by synthesis of sucrose,into non-alcohol-soluble compounds, nor by respiration. Increased movement of 140 out of the supply area in stressed leaves appeared to be responsible, and the mechanism of [140]sucrose transport within the leaf was therefore investigated.
Proteins and Catalase Isoenzymes from Fusarium Solani and their Taxonomic Significance
Authors: Hall R
Published: July 2016

Proteins 'and catalase isoenzymes from saprophytic and parasitic forms of FUBarium Bolani were separated electrophoretically in starch gels. Protein patterns of an isolate of F. Bolani f. pisi showed little response to altered cultural conditions but catalase patterns altered with culture age, illumination of culture, number of conidia in the inoculum, and portion of growth harvested. Under optimum conditions a maximum of four catalase bands was detected. Evidence is presented that hyphae and spores of this isolate have different catalase patterns and that these patterns are influenced by light intensity.
Effect of Some Myotropic Substances on Mollusc Hearts
Authors: Kratzing CC , Ladd RJ
Published: July 2016

The hearts from a number of estuarine molluscs typical of eastern Australian waters have been examined for their response to acetylcholine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and serotonin. Under the conditions of these experiments Anadara trapezia showed the highest sensitivity to acetylcholine, being depressed by 0�001 p.g/ml. Adrenaline in concentrations of 0�005 p.g/ml produced a decrease in the amplitude of contractions of Regozara flava heart which also responded to 0�01 p.g/ml noradrenaline. Hearts from other species did not respond to catecholamines. Fragum unedo and Regozara jlava heart showed greatest sensitivity to serotonin 'which increased amplitude of contraction. Pinna menkei heart was unresponsive to myotropic substances under the conditions used. The factors affecting sensitivity of response to myotropic substances are discussed.
Carbon and Nitrogen Nutrition of Monilinia Frugtigola
Authors: Hall R
Published: July 2016

Little work on the response of Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey to defined carbon and nitrogen sources has been reported. In the present study three Australian isolates of the fungus were examined to determine satisfactory carbon and nitrogen sources on which to culture the species and possible interactions between carbon and nitrogen sources. The isolates, designated 30A, 36A, and 61A, were all pathogenic to the fruit of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. but were culturally distinct.
Rheological Behaviour of Chara Australis
Authors: Wallace WJ
Published: July 2016

The viscoelastic behaviour of the cell wall of Ohara awtralis was studied by following the relaxation of stress after deformation by (a) imposing a "step function" change in length and (b) varying the osmotic pressure of the external bathing solution, and hence changing the turgor pressure within the cell. It was found that (i) a sudden decrease in the original elongation of the cell produced an unexpected transient increase in stress and (ii) an interaction between water movement in the cell due to osmosis and stress relaxation produced a maximum stress with respect to time. The results are discussed in terms of a cross-linked amorphous polymer model.
Some Properties of Xylanase and Xylobiase from Mixed Rumen Organisms
Authors: Walker DJ
Published: July 2016

Xylanase, free from xylobiase activity, has been obtained from crude extracts of mixed rumen organisms by fractionation on DEAE -cellulose. Xylobiase preparations were also obtained, but some xylanase activity was associated with all such fractions isolated.
Assessment of Conformational Changes in Low-Sulphur S-Carboxymethylkerateine from Wool
Authors: Bhatnagar GM , Crewther WG
Published: July 2016

The effects of urea and guanidine hydrochloride on the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the low-sulphur S-carboxymethylkerateine fraction of wool have been measured. In concentrated solutions of urea characteristic difference spectra were obtained with maxima of negative absorbance at 288, 280, and 240 miL. The addition of guanidine hydrochloride or an increase in temperature gave similar negative difference maxima at the higher wavelengths. Calculation of the extent of unfolding of the protein chains from the difference in absorbance at all three maxima showed that the unfolding was 50% complete at a urea concentration of about 1� 8M whereas a urea concep.tration of about 4� 3M was required to decrease the helix content by 50%. Similar measurements on components 7 and 8, the two major constituents of SCMKA, showed that a 50% decrease in helix content was obtained with 2�8M and O� 8M urea respectively whereas the corresponding values for 50 % unfolding assessed from difference spectral measurements were 2� 2M and 1� 2M urea respectively. It is suggested that the helical regions of components 7 and 8 aggregate specifically and that spectral measurements relate largely to non-helical portions of the chains.
Studies on Oat-Attacking and Wheat-Attacking Isolates of Ophiobolus Graminis in Australia
Authors: Chambers SC , Flentje NT
Published: July 2016

Isolates of an oat-attacking strain of OphioboIu8 gram~nt8 from Western Australia were differentiated from other isolates by comprehensive pathogenicity tests. Differential criteria for the two recognized varieties of O. gramini8 indicated that the Western Australian oat isolates were similar to var. avenae; South Australian isolates from oats were pathogenically similar to the type variety although some resembled var. avenae in their tolerance of oat extract. Pathogenicity on oats was the most reliable differential criterion and size of asci and ascospores the least; ascospore size was influenced by substrate, being generally greater in culture than on host tissue. Nuclear distribution in mycelia of wheat- and oat-attacking strains was similar but attempts to induce hyphal anastomosis between the two were unsuccessful.
Studies on Variation with Ophiobolus Graminis
Authors: Chambers SC , Flentje NT
Published: July 2016

Variations were studied in the monosporous Fl progeny ot an isolate of Ophiobolus graminis from wheat. All Fl ascospores from perithecia on living host tissue were strongly pathogenic, but half from a perithecium in culture were weakly pathogenic. Perithecia were formed in culture and on host tissue only by strongly pathogenic progeny. Strongly pathogenic progeny survived well on artificially infected wheat straw buried in unsterilized soil, but weakly pathogenic progeny did not. Survival of all isolates was increased by nitrate enrichment of soil.
The Haemoglobins of a Sheep-Goat Hybrid Foetus and those of the Parent Species
Authors: Bailey LF , Alexander G , Williams D
Published: July 2016

Electrophoretic examination of the haemoglobins of a sheep-goat hybrid foetus indicated the presence of haemoglobins found in the foetuses of the parent species only. No interaction products were found.
Studies on Reduced Wool. VII. The Complexity of One of the Major Components
Authors: Thompson EOP , O'donnell IJ
Published: July 2016

Amajorcomponent (component 8) isolated from reduced and carboxymethylated wool has been studied chemically after digestion with trypsin and after reaction with cyanogen bromide.
Freezing Processes in Wheat Stems
Authors: Single WV , Olien CR
Published: July 2016

The study of the formation of ice crystals in wheat stems presents a number of technical difficulties.
Inflorescence Initiation in Lolium Temulentum L. XI. Early Increases in the Incorporation of 32p and 35s by Shoot Apices During Induction
Authors: Evans LT , Rijven AHGC
Published: July 2016

There is an increase in the incorporation of 35S, presumably into protein, as well as an increased incorporation of 32p into nucleic acids, in shoot apices of Lolium temulentum plants on the morning after their exposure to 1 long day.
The Physiology of Sugar-Cane. IX.·Factors Affecting Photosynthesis and Sugar Storage
Authors: Waldron JC , Glasziou KT , Bull TA
Published: July 2016

Photosynthesis in sugar-cane was linearly related to light intensity up to full sunlight when leaf geometry was similar to that of field-grown plants_ Individual leaves orientated at right angles to the incident radiation were saturated at about two-thirds full sunlight irrespective of whether the leaves developed in low or high light intensities.
Changes in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Beetroot Slices During Aging
Authors: E Jackman Margaret , Van Steveninck RFM
Published: July 2016

Ultrastructural changes occurring in beetroot parenchyma were studied from the time of cutting into disks and throughout the following 192 hr of aerated washing. The most marked change was the reduction of the endoplasmic reticulum to small cytoplasmic vesicles immediately after cutting (when leakage of ions is greatest), followed by a reorganization into lamellae (coinciding with the onset of net ion accumulation) and subsequent extension of the lamellar system. The possible relationships between these observations and others on plant cells are discussed.
Leaf Characteristics of Euoalyptus Bicostata Maiden Et Al. Seedlings Affecting the Deposition and Germination of Spores of Phaeoseptoria Eucalypti (Hansf.) Walker
Authors: Heatrer WA
Published: July 2016

The water�soluble fraction of the ether�soluble moiety of the glaucous coating on the juvenile leaves of seedlings of Eucalyptus bicostata Maiden et al. inhibited the in vitro germination of the conidia of Phaeoseptoria eucalypti (Hansf.) Walker. A negative correlation was obtained between susceptibility of leaves to P. eucalypti leaf spot and the weight per unit leaf area of ether-soluble substances also soluble in water. Glaucousness of seedling leaves and inhibition of spore germination both increased acropetally, glaucousness also increasing when seedlings were raised at lower temperatures. The glaucous coating of leaves was strongly hydrophobic and affected the deposition of conidia from water suspensions as did the leaf angle.
Influence of Nutrients on Lysis of Fungal Hyphae in Soil
Authors: Bumbieris M , Lloyd AB
Published: July 2016

Live fungal hyphae lyse faster in soil previously supplemented with glucose, peptone, or blood and bone meal than in non.supplemented soil. Whether or not the supplement increases the number of Actinomycetes or bacteria, either effect will result in more rapid lysis of hyphae. When peptone is added to soil which already contains fungal hyphae, Actinomy-cetes increase rapidly and the hyphae lyse. But with glucose as a supplement the fungus grows and coexists with the small increase in other microorganisms. After depletion of this supplement the starved hyphae are induced to lyse by the presence of other soil microorganisms.
Genetic Heterogeneity Among the Founders of Laboratory Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster I. Mating Behaviour
Authors: M W Hosgood Sally , Parsons PA
Published: July 2016

Single inseminated founder females in D. mBlanogastB'I' derived from the same population have led to genetically discrete strains for two behavioural traits: the percentage of pairs mated in 60 min, and duration of copulation. The effect of the founder females persists for many generations. These results are in agreement with earlier work on scutellar chaetae.
Fungal Cellulases XII. The Hexanols as Indicators of a Hydrophobic Interaction Between the B -Glucosidase of Staghybotrys Atra and the Acceptor Substrate
Authors: Jermyn MA
Published: July 2016

The interaction between the ,B-glucosidase of Stachybotrys atra and all 17 hexanols has been measured. There is a positive correlation between the estimated values for T50 and either the vapour pressure or solubility in water of the hexanols at 25�C at least as good as the correlation of these quantities with each other. It is concluded that the dominating influence in the observed efficacy of the alkanols, at least, as acceptors for the enzyme is their distribution between the aqueous reaction medium and a hydrophobic region of the enzyme consisting of clustered non-polar side-chains. If this conclusion is accepted, then both the current and earlier data can be interpreted to show that besides this overall controlling factor there is a limited amount of more specific interaction.
Effects of L-Ethionine on Adenosine Triphosphate Levels, Respiration, and Salt Accumulation In Carrot Xylem Tissue
Authors: Atkinson MR , Polya GM
Published: July 2016

The time course during aging of carrot xylem disks for development of salt respiration and sensitivity of respiration to inhibition by L-ethionine was determined. 5 mM L-ethionine has no effect on the respiration of freshly cut disks, but sensitivity developed during the aging process and was maximal from 25 to 120 hr, falling to zero at 150 hr. Maximal inhibition (35-40%) coincided with the period of maximum basal respiratory rate.
Cytology of ?Pink-Eye" of Sheep Including A Reference to Trachoma of Man, by Employing Acridine Orange and Iodine Stains, and Isolation of Mycoplasma Agents From Infected Sheep Eyes
Authors: Surman PG
Published: July 2016

Numerous forms of a pleomorphic microorganism were observed associated with the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in conjunctival smears from sheep with pink-eye when stained by the Giemsa method. The microorganism was coccobacillary in shape during the acute stage of infection, and stained purplish blue. Various peripheral forms, and dispersed, crescent-, horseshoe-, and ring-shaped figures were present in post-acute smears; all these pleomorphic forms stained blue. Peripheral forms were filaments, blebs, stalked and club-shaped figures, and ring forms. Intracytoplasmic red spherical bodies were the characteristic entity in the epithelial cells of "normal"t sheep smears. The developmental forms of the pink-eye and trachoma agents were morphologically different.
Transferrin Polymorphism in the Australian marsupial mouse Sminthopsis crassicaudata (Gould)
Authors: Hope RM , Godfrey GK
Published: July 2016

A number of polymorphisms involving characteristics of the blood have been described in Australian marsupials, but the genetical control of these has been established only for variation in the iron-binding serum protein transferrin in the red kangaroo Macropus rufus (Desmarest) (= Megaleia rufa) (Cooper and Sharman 1964), and the eastern and western grey kangaroos Macropus giganteus (Shaw) and Macropus fuliginosus (Desmarest) (Kirsch and Poole 1967). Transferrin variation in the brush-tail possum Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr), first detected by Kirsch (personal communication), is being studied in this laboratory. The inheritance of the protein patterns developed on a starch gel after electrophoresis may be ascribed to the actions of two or more autosomal allelic genes without dominance.
Ionic Relations As a Function of Metabolism in Aerobacter Aerogenes
Authors: Coster HGL , PGeorge E , Rogers PL
Published: July 2016

A review is given of the irreversible thermodynamic interpretation of the ransport of ions against electrochemical gradients. Measurements were made f the ratio of potassium inside and outside the cell to that of sodium (K+jNa+ pecificity ratio) as a function of the growth rate of cells of Aerobacter aerogenes. imultaneous measurements of the fluxes of glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, thanol, and acids were also made. The results show that the logarithm of the +jNa+ specificity ratio is a linear function of the various metabolite fluxes easured, as predicted by the thermodynamic model.
Studies on The Scutellar Bristles of Drosophila Melanogaster I. Basic Variability, Some Temperature and Culture Effects, and Responses to Short-Term Selection in the Oregon-Rc Strain
Authors: Sheldon BL
Published: July 2016

The results of short runs of disruptive and high selection for scutellar bristles in wild-type Drosophila are explained in terms of the hypothesis that canalization at four bristles is due to regulation of the major gene in the developmental system (Rendel, Sheldon, and Finlay 1965). Selection response has probably been due to selection for modifier (minor) genes rather than for isoalleles of the major gene or weak regulator alleles. Some environmental effects on the character, short runs of selection for low bristle number or different bristle types, and effects of relaxing selection are also reported.