bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended Aperture Photometry of K2 RR Lyrae stars
Authors: Plachy Emese , Molnár László , Bódi Attila , Skarka Marek , Szabó Pál , Szabó Róbert , Klagyivik Péter , Sódor Ádám , Pope Benjamin J. S.
Published: October 2019

The Kepler Space Telescope observed thousands of RR Lyrae stars in the K2 mission. In this paper, we present our photometric solutions using extended apertures in order to conserve the flux of the stars to the highest possible extent. With this method, we are able to avoid most of the problems that RR Lyrae light curves produced by other pipelines suffer from. For post-processing, we apply the K2SC pipeline to our light curves. We provide the EAP (Extended Aperture Photometry) of 432 RR Lyrae stars observed in campaigns 3, 4, 5, and 6. We also provide subclass classifications based on Fourier parameters. We investigated in particular the presence of the Blazhko effect in the stars and found it to be 44.7% among the RRab stars, in agreement with results from independent samples. We found that the amplitude and phase modulation in the Blazhko stars may behave rather differently, at least over the length of a K2 Campaign. We also identified four anomalous Cepheid candidates in the sample, one of which is potentially the first Blazhko-modulated member of its class.
Aplicação do método de Clarke e Wright na resolução de problemas de roteirização: um estudo de caso
Authors: Gama dos Santos Lucas Di Paula , Machado Wendell Ramon Barbosa , Santos Pedro Vieira Souza
Published: October 2019

A logística de distribuição de produtos se resume em levar os produtos certos, ao lugar correto, no momento exato e com o nível de serviço desejado pelo consumidor, com o mínimo de custo possível e para tanto faz uso de metodologias heurísticas para construção de roteiros de entregas de produtos. Sabendo que toda organização é capaz fazer algumas intervenções que podem acarretar em soluções não eficientes, o que pode significar um aumento desproporcional dos custos logísticos. Nesse contexto, a logística desempenha papel importante no desenvolvimento da organização. Assim, visando a busca por melhorias no setor de logística de distribuição de uma empresa, esta pesquisa apresenta o uso de ferramentas de roteirização combinado ao sistema de informação geográfica para otimizar a entrega de produtos a partir de uma fábrica localizada na cidade de Petrolina-PE. Foi aplicada a heurística de Clarke e Wright e os resultados confirmaram êxito em sua aplicação no intuito de melhor a eficiência operacional mediante redução de deslocamentos dos veículos para atendimento às demandas na ordem de 40%.
O tratamento da resistência térmica superficial nas normas técnicas brasileiras e sua influência no consumo energético estimado para edifícios
Authors: Martins Monalisa Coelho , Schmid Aloísio Leoni
Published: October 2019

O aprimoramento do desempenho térmico de edificações está se tornando o foco de estudos para reduzir a demanda energética no setor. As edificações são alvos de geração de gases prejudiciais ao efeito estufa e também no que concerne ao elevado consumo energético. Os edifícios consomem em média 30% da energia elétrica disponível e a tendência é que essa demanda aumente com o passar dos anos. Contudo, as linhas de transmissão não estão acompanhando esse aumento de demanda energética e devido aos picos de consumo geram sobrecarga no sistema causando os indesejados “apagões”. Nos cálculos de desempenho térmico, um dos parâmetros utilizados é a resistência térmica superficial, cujo cálculo envolve diversos fatores, principalmente ambientais. Na NBR 15220-2 “Desempenho térmico de edificações”, são sugeridos valores médios de resistência térmica superficial que são utilizados em todo o país, independente das características ambientais de cada região. Portanto, o foco desse trabalho é analisar as consequências do uso dos coeficientes convectivos nas oito zonas Bioclimáticas do Brasil, utilizando os coeficientes convectivos da norma e, comparar com outros métodos consagrados na bibliografia. Os resultados demonstraram que o método sugerido pela norma brasileira na maioria dos casos pode fornecer valores de demanda energética acima daquela obtida por outros métodos, resultando em um superdimensionamento de sistemas de condicionamento térmico, com potência até 57,30% maior. Contudo, em alguns casos, houve evidências de subdimensionamento, deixando clara a importância da análise para diferentes condições climáticas.
Modelagem matemática para a distribuição física de produtos da cadeia do frio
Authors: Müller Gabriel Alexandre , Silva Vanina Macowski Durski
Published: October 2019

No intuito de preservar a qualidade de produtos que requerem monitoramento de temperatura desenvolvem-se métodos e estudos sobre a Cadeia do Frio, a qual é responsável pela cadeia logística do produto, desde sua produção, armazenamento até a distribuição física ao consumidor final. Neste contexto, este artigo busca compreender o comportamento da variação de temperatura de cargas refrigeradas durante sua distribuição física e para isso, através da modelagem matemática implementam-se equações que representam os comportamentos de variação térmica durante a entrega de produtos, considerando os processos de carregamento, deslocamento e descarregamento dos mesmos. O objetivo deste estudo é, portanto, estudar este comportamento de modo a gerar uma ferramenta de simulação que seja capaz de planejar rotas de distribuição física de produtos refrigerados, tornando mais eficiente todo o processo logístico, reduzindo o ganho indesejado de temperatura interna do veículo e do produto.
Species conservation profiles of spiders (Araneae) endemic to mainland Portugal
Authors: Branco Vasco , Henriques Sergio , Rego Carla , Cardoso Pedro
Published: October 2019

The Iberian Peninsula is a diverse region that contains several different bioclimatic areas within one confined space, leading to high biodiversity. Portugal distinguishes itself in this regard by having a high count of spider species (829) and a remarkable number of endemic spider species (42) for its size (approximately 88,890 km2). However, only one non-endemic species (Macrothele calpeiana) is currently protected by the Natura 2000 network and no endemic spider species (aside from Anapistula ataecina) has been assessed according to the IUCN Red List criteria. The objective of this paper is to assess all non-assessed endemic species (41) as well as M. calpeiana.

The 43 assessed species belong to 15 families, the richest being Zodariidae, Dysderidae, Linyphiidae and Gnaphosidae. In general and despite the lack of information on more than half the species, general patterns and trends could be found.

Only 18 species (including M. calpeiana and A. ataecina) had enough data to allow their EOO (extent of occurrence) and AOO (area of occurrence) to be quantified. Of these, we modelled the distribution of 14 epigean species, eight of which were found to be widespread. The remaining six fulfilled at least one of the criteria for threatened species. Four species are troglobiont, all of which meet the EOO and AOO thresholds for threatened species. The remaining 25 Portuguese endemics had no reliable information on their range. Only nine species out of the 43 are estimated to be in decline and 11 are stable, with the majority of species having no information on trends (23 species).

Forest areas, sand dunes, shrublands and caves host the majority of species. As such, the threats to Portuguese endemics reflect the diversity of habitats they occupy. Urbanisation and climate change seem to be the most important threats to these species, although other factors are also important and represented across the data.

A considerable proportion of the currently known Portuguese endemic species can be found in national protected areas, with higher prominence to the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros, Douro Internacional, Vale do Guadiana, Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina and Arrábida Natural Parks. These correspond mostly to areas that have been particularly well sampled during the last two decades.
Is It Safe to Have an Ophthalmic Emergency in July?
Authors: Hartley Kristen L. , Gedde Steven J. , Venkatraman Anna S. , Feuer William J. , Ajuria-Londono Luz
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To determine whether house staff experience affects the quality of acute ophthalmic care delivered in an emergency room at one teaching hospital.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The medical records
of 360 patients who were seen by first-year ophthalmology
residents in the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute emergency
department were retrospectively reviewed. Records
reviewed included 180 patients seen between July 15,
2002, and August 14, 2002 (the beginning of the training
year), and 180 patients seen between June 1, 2003,
and June 30, 2003 (the end of the training year).
RESULTS
The rate of unscheduled return visits to the emergency department at the beginning and end of the training year was 6.1% (11 of 180) and 5.0% (9 of 180), respectively (P = .82). Agreement between initial and final diagnoses occurred in 96% of patients (108 of 113) at the beginning of the training year and 98% of patients (84 of 86) at the end of the training year (P = .70).
CONCLUSION
There was no difference in the quality of medical care delivered by first-year ophthalmology residents at the beginning and end of the training year. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:358-364.]
AUTHORS
From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Accepted for publication June 12, 2007. Supported by NIH center grant P30-EY014801 and by an unrestricted grant to the University of Miami from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York. Presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology annual meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May 1-5, 2005. Address correspondence to Steven J. Gedde, MD, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, 900 N.W. 17th Street, Miami, FL 33136.
Pain Induced by Phacoemulsification Performed by Residents Using Topical Anesthesia
Authors: Ünal Mustafa , Yucel Iclal , Altin Meryem
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate patient-reported pain induced by phacoemulsification performed by residents using topical anesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study comprised 81 eyes of 76 consecutive patients having phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia. Surgery was performed by an experienced surgeon (group 1; n = 41 eyes) or by two residents (group 2; n = 40 eyes). No sedation or intracameral anesthesia was used in either group. Eighty eyes had clear corneal phacoemulsification with foldable acrylic posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Patients were asked postoperatively to grade the pain they experienced during the procedure using a visual analog pain scale from 0 to 10. RESULTS The median pain score for the overall pain was 1.59 ± 1.43 (range: 0 to 6) in group 1 and 1.95 ± 1.64 (range: 0 to 7) in group 2 (P = .291). The mean pain score for the maximum pain perceived was 2.39 ± 1.86 (range: 0 to 7) in group 1 and 2.53 ± 1.67 (range: 0 to 7) in group 2 (P = .734). There was no significant correlation between the duration of surgery and the overall pain score (r = 0.102, P = .365). CONCLUSION Topical anesthesia had sufficient analgesic effects in selected patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery by resident surgeons. The pain felt during the operation was low and tolerable. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:386- 391.] AUTHORS From the Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya, Turkey. Accepted for publication May 31, 2007. Address correspondence to Mustafa Ünal, MD, Demircikara mah. 1426. sk., Zeybek Apt. B Blok. 14/12, Muratpasa/Antalya, Turkey.
Choroidal Neovascularization Induced by Transcleral Microdiathermy for Localization of a Juxtapapillary Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Cohen Victoria M. L. , Hungerford John L.
Published: October 2019

Transcleral transillumination is a useful tool for the localization of juxtapapillary uveal tract tumors that do not cast a shadow with conventional transpupillary transillumination. The main choice of treatment for juxtapapillary uveal tract melanoma consists of either episcleral plaque brachytherapy or proton beam radiotherapy. In both instances, an external surgical approach is required that involves localization of the tumor and marking of the overlying sclera. Transcleral microdiathermy often creates corresponding areas of chorioretinal atrophy. This article describes the technique of transcleral transillumination coupled with microdiathermy to mark the sclera in a patient in whom a choroidal neovascular membrane developed adjacent to a microdiathermy-induced area of chorioretinal atrophy after the described surgical technique. To avoid the postoperative development of a choroidal neovascular membrane, transcleral transillumination can be used without the application of microdiathermy. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:410-412.]
AUTHORS
From Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Accepted for publication March 15, 2007. Address correspondence to Victoria M. L. Cohen, FRCOphth, Department of Ocular Oncology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, United Kingdom, EC1V 2PD.
Macular and Extramacular Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in X-linked Retinoschisis
Authors: Urrets-Zavalía Julio A. , Venturino Juan P. , Mercado Joaquín , Urrets-Zavalía Enrique A.
Published: October 2019

Two brothers with X-linked retinoschisis were evaluated using optical coherence tomography. Macular cleavage was observed at the inner nuclear layer. Retinal nerve fiber layer loss or detachment was observed outside the macular area, even in areas of clinically normal retina. Macular thickening and cavitation with multiple septa was characteristic, decreasing rapidly from the center toward the macular periphery and being more pronounced in the younger patient. No abnormal vitreomacular relationship or traction over the macular and extramacular schisis areas was observed. Optical coherence tomography showed a characteristic pattern of macular schisis in X-linked retinoschisis and confirmed a widespread retinal splitting despite mild clinical findings. Middle and outer neurosensory retina was principally compromised in the macular area and the retinal nerve fiber layer in extramacular areas. No vitreous traction was apparently involved in the foveal and extramacular splitting and elevation. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:417-422.] AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Reina Fabiola, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. Accepted for publication March 15, 2007. Presented in part as a poster at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology annual meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May 1-5, 2005. Address correspondence to Julio A. Urrets-Zavalía, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, Oncativo 1248, Córdoba 5000, Argentina.
High-speed, Ultrahigh Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography of the Retina in Hunter Syndrome
Authors: Yoon Michael K. , Chen Royce W. , Hedges Thomas R. , Srinivasan Vivek J. , Gorczynska Iwona , Fujimoto James G. , Wojtkowski Maciej , Schuman Joel S. , Duker Jay S.
Published: October 2019

A 42-year-old man with Hunter syndrome developed bilateral visual field loss. Visual field testing demonstrated bilateral ring scotomata that corresponded to areas of thinning seen on standard resolution optical coherence tomography. High-speed, ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography, capable of 3.5-micron axial resolution, showed a loss of photoreceptors outside the fovea and cystoid spaces within the inner nuclear, ganglion cell, and outer nuclear layers. These results were consistent with histopathologic features that have been reported previously in patients with Hunter syndrome. Optical coherence tomography could be used as a diagnostic modality to monitor patients with Hunter syndrome and to detect subclinical forms of disease. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:423-428.]
AUTHORS
From New England Eye Center (MKY, RWC, TRH, IG, MW, JSD), Tufts-New England Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics (VJS, IG, JGF, MW), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and UPMC Eye Center and the Eye and Ear Institute (JSS), Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Accepted for publication April 20, 2007. Supported in part by National Institutes of Health RO1-EY13178-06, RO1-EY11289-20, P30-EY08098, P30-EY13078, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Medical Free Electron Laser Program contract FA9550-040- 1-0046, FA9550-040-1-0011, National Science Foundation ECS-0119452, BES-0522845, The Eye and Ear Foundation (Pittsburgh, PA), and Research to Prevent Blindness Unrestricted Grant and Medical Student Eye Research Fellowship. Drs. Fujimoto and Schuman receive royalties from intellectual property licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to Carl Zeiss Meditec, and Drs. Duker and Schuman receive research support from Optovue, Inc. Dr. Schuman also receives research support from Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Allergan, Inc., SOLX, and Clarity, and receives lecture fees from Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Allergan, Inc., Carl Zeiss Meditec, Merck U.S. Human Health, the National Eye Institute, Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., and Optovue, Inc. Dr. Schuman did not participate in the editorial review of this manuscript. Address correspondence to Thomas R. Hedges III, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Tufts-New England Medical Center, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111.
Epithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy as an Enhancement Procedure After Laser In Situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Hara Tsutomu , Hara Takako
Published: October 2019

The authors describe the refractive effect of epithelial photorefractive keratectomy (E-PRK) on 10 eyes that had undergone LASIK (group 1) and 13 eyes that had not been operated on (group 2). The central 6 mm was ablated. The mean corneal epithelium removed was 15.64 ± 8.703 µm in group 1 and 25.23 ± 7.069 µm in group 2. In group 1, the mean postoperative best uncorrected visual acuity (BUCVA) was 1.24 ± 0.344, which was sustained for a mean of 2.75 ± 3.456 months and returned to the preoperative value in 6.1 ± 4.61 months. In group 2, all patients reported severe ocular pain and the BUCVA decreased except for 2 patients whose eyes reached 1.0 at 1 week postoperatively. All eyes reached the preoperative BUCVA by 1 month. This method is contraindicated for previously unoperated corneas but may be useful to enhance post-LASIK eyes when standard enhancement surgery is problematic. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:429-433.] AUTHORS From the Hara Eye Hospital, Utsunomiya Japan. Accepted for publication November 10, 2006. Address correspondence to Tsutomu Hara, MD, Hara Eye Hospital Nishi 1-1-11, Utsunomiya, 320-0861, Japan.
Leuprolide Acetate and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Federici Thomas J.
Published: October 2019

A 63-year-old man suffered a central retinal vein occlusion 2 months after he began taking leuprolide acetate for prostate cancer. Despite control for possible systemic hypertension (126/90 mm Hg) and mild hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol level = 246 mg/dL [range: 16 to 200 mg/dL], high-density lipoprotein level = 67 mg/dL [range: 40 to 59 mg/dL], and low-density lipoprotein level = 144 mg/dL [range: 0 to 130 mg/dL]), progression of the venous occlusive disease occurred. Leuprolide acetate, which is associated with thromboembolic events and diffuse intravascular coagulation, may be implicated in central retinal vein occlusion. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:497-499.]
AUTHOR
From the Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Accepted for publication June 11, 2007. Address correspondence to Thomas J. Federici, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Carolina, 4 Medical Park, Suite 300, Columbia, SC 29203. E-mail: tfederici@gmail.com.
Serous Retinal Detachment Following Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: DellaCroce John , Laursen Jessica , Ayyala Ramesh S.
Published: October 2019

The authors report the occurrence and clinical course of serous retinal detachment following glaucoma surgery in three patients. Serous detachment resolved in all patients spontaneously following treatment with oral and topical steroids. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:503-504.]
AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana. Accepted for publication November 20, 2006. Supported by the Tulane Glaucoma Research Fund. Address correspondence to Ramesh S. Ayyala, MD, FRCS, FRCOphth, Department of Ophthalmology, SL-69, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699.
Light Scatter on the Surface of AcrySof® Intraocular Lenses: Part II. Analysis of Lenses Following Hydrolytic Stability Testing
Authors: Yaguchi Shigeo , Nishihara Hitoshi , Kambhiranond Waraporn , Stanley Daniel , Apple David J.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

To investigate the surface light scatter and optical quality of AcrySof lenses (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) following simulated aging of 20 years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

AcrySof lenses were exposed to exaggerated thermal conditions to simulate up to 20 years of aging and were tested for surface light scatter and optical quality (modulation transfer function).

RESULTS

There were no significant differences from baseline for either the surface light scatter or optical quality of the lenses over time.

CONCLUSION

The current study demonstrated that surface light scatter on AcrySof lenses did not increase under conditions simulating 20 years of aging. Because the simulated aging environment contained no protein, this work indirectly supports the finding that surface light scatter is due to the deposition of a biomaterial on the lens surface rather than changes in the material. Optical performance integrity of the test lenses was maintained under severe environmental conditions.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:214-216.]

AUTHORS

From the Department of Ophthalmology (SY, HN), Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Alcon Research, Ltd. (WK, DS), Fort Worth, Texas; and the Moran Eye Center (DJA), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Accepted October 22, 2007.

Financial support provided by Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas.

Ms. Kambhiranond and Mr. Stanley are employees of Alcon Research, Ltd.

Address correspondence to Shigeo Yaguchi, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aobaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.
Degenerative Peripheral Retinoschisis: Observations From Ultra-Widefield Fundus Imaging
Authors: Thanos Aristomenis , Todorich Bozho , Pasadhika Sirichai , Khundkar Tahsin , Xu David , Jain Atul , Ung Cindy , Faia Lisa J. , Capone Antonio , Williams George A. , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Sarraf David , Wolfe Jeremy D.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To describe the ultra-widefield (UWF) imaging characteristics of patients with degenerative peripheral retinoschisis (DPR) using Optomap technology.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

In this multicenter, retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series, eligible patients underwent detailed retinal examination including indirect ophthalmoscopy. UWF fundus imaging, including color fundus photography, autofluorescence, and angiography, was performed using standardized protocols and findings were recorded and reviewed and analyzed.

RESULTS:

A total of 35 patients (58 eyes) with DPR were identified who underwent 55 sessions of UWF imaging. Mean age was 65 years, and the inferotemporal quadrant was most commonly affected (74% of eyes). Of these patients, 31 underwent fluorescein angiography and 90% of these studies illustrated abnormalities in the area affected by the schisis. The most common finding was retinal vascular leakage originating from the deep capillary plexus observed in 29 eyes (93.5%).

CONCLUSIONS:

UWF imaging enables a more detailed identification of the clinical features associated with DPR and provides simple, practical, and noninvasive tools to monitor progression of disease. The breadth of retinal vascular complications identified with fluorescein angiography may suggest an important vascular component associated with the pathogenesis of this entity.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:557–564.]
Photopigment Bleaching Phenomenon With Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy and Fluorescein Angiography
Authors: Breazzano Mark P. , Fernandez-Avellaneda Pedro , Kurup Shree K. , Freund K. Bailey
Published: October 2019

Photopigment bleaching occurs with saturation of photoreceptor pigment by short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence imaging. This phenomenon is seen as characteristic hyperautofluorescence with subsequent imaging acquisition. Herein, a patient with multiple sclerosis was found to exhibit increased choroidal hyperfluorescence during fluorescein angiography (FA) that corresponded with a circumscribed area of intense blue light exposure during initial scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. To the authors' knowledge, this case is the first description of photobleaching phenomenon during FA and should be recognized as nonpathologic by the clinician.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:590–592.]
Geographic Atrophy and OCT Angiography: Descriptive Study and Correlation With Autofluorescence
Authors: Streho Maté , Lavallee Gwenaelle , Aimadaly Mourtaza , Perrenoud François , Puech Michel , Tadayoni Ramin , Giocanti-Aurégan Audrey
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Geographic atrophy (GA) involves the progressive loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptors, and choriocapillaris (CC). CC flow within a GA area is severely impaired in patients with atrophic age-related macular degeneration. The aim of this study was to compare GA area measured on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) (CC nonperfusion area) and on fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

In this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study, OCTA and FAF were performed in patients with GA. On OCTA (CC segmentation), the CC nonperfusion area was measured manually using calipers. On FAF, GA was manually delimited, and the total surface was obtained using Region Finder software. The primary endpoint was to compare the CC nonperfusion area measured on OCTA and on the gold standard method (FAF).

RESULTS:

Forty eyes of 34 patients with a mean age of 82.63 years ± 9.21 years (range: 66 years to 100 years) were included. The mean GA area measured on FAF and OCTA was, respectively, 2.184 ± 3.045 mm
2
and 2.349 ± 3.237 mm
2
(
P
= .035). The mean difference was 0.165 ± 0.290 mm
2
. A strong correlation was found between both measurements (r = 0.97;
P
< .0001; confidence interval: 0.98–0.99), although the CC nonperfusion area was larger than the GA area on FAF (
P
= .035).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, the authors showed that in GA, the CC nonperfusion area correlates linearly with the GA area assessed by FAF. Also, the CC nonperfusion area is larger than the GA area measured by FAF, suggesting that CC degeneration could occur before RPE degeneration in GA.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:e222–e228.]
Smart Device Usage Frequency and Usage Level for Learning English
Authors: Alsanosi Areej , Alharbi Abeer , Alhebaishi Safaa
Published: October 2019

This study investigated the frequency and level at which intermediate school students use smart devices to learn English as a foreign language. To achieve the study objective, a questionnaire with close-ended responses was developed and administered to a sample of 50 female students who owned smart devices and used them for learning English outside the classroom. An analysis of the collected data indicated that the usage level of smart devices among intermediate school students is high. The results revealed that the learning purposes with the highest usage frequency were "sending assignments to the teacher"," learning more about any topic", and "receiving feedback from teacher and colleagues". Whereas the purposes with the lowest usage frequency were "learning grammatical structures", "finding reading activities" and "improving the writing skill". The study recommends that education system and policy makers allow students to use their smart devices in English classes and encourage teachers to acquire the skills necessary for blending smart devices with traditional teaching methods.
The Science Process Skills of Prospective Biology Teachers in Plant Cell Material Based on Gender
Authors: Asy'ari Muhammad , Fitriani Herdiyana , Zubaidah Siti , Mahanal Susriyati
Published: October 2019

This study aims to describe prospective biology teachers' science process skills in plant cell material. Components of basic process skills such as (1) observing, (2) connecting, and (3) inference, and integrated process skills such as (4) analysis, (5) hypothesis, and (6) defining variables operationally, become the science process skills components examined in this study. This research is a descriptive-quantitative study with survey method to identify science process skills of 100 prospective biology teacher (50 male and 50 female). Fifteen item tests on plant cell material were used to collect data on science process skills of the prospective teacher who was first empirically validated before use. The results showed that the science process skills of biology teacher in IKIP Mataram were significantly different on the components of (1) observed (p < 0.05), (2) inference (p < 0.05), and (3) analysis (p < 0.05), wheres the science process skills of prospective biology teacher are generally in the moderate category (60.38).
Place Fontainas as a border area. Urban production with respect to sexuality, gender, ethnicity and social class
Authors: Donnen Alexandre
Published: October 2019

Located between the “gay” neighbourhood and the “working-class” Anneessens neighbourhood, Place Fontainas has been the site of several presumed homophobic acts of violence, thus contributing to its categorisation as a dangerous area, particularly for homosexual populations. In response to this type of violence, there have been several measures adopted by the public authorities, yet they are in keeping with an often binary and essentialising logic of security. Based on direct observation work and interviews at and around Place Fontainas, the present article intends to adopt a new approach. It examines this area based on the notion of border and, through an intersectional analysis, discusses the social and urban mechanisms which contribute to the establishment of abrupt changes in terms of sexuality, social class and ethnicity. However, in each of the areas studied, there is a continuity of male domination, which makes women invisible and limits their access to public space.
New Simple Lattices in Products of Trees and their Projections
Authors: Radu Nicolas
Published: October 2019

Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\leqslant \text{Aut}(T_{d_{1}})\times \text{Aut}(T_{d_{2}})$ be a group acting freely and transitively on the product of two regular trees of degree $d_{1}$ and $d_{2}$. We develop an algorithm that computes the closure of the projection of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ on $\text{Aut}(T_{d_{t}})$ under the hypothesis that $d_{t}\geqslant 6$ is even and that the local action of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ on $T_{d_{t}}$ contains $\text{Alt}(d_{t})$. We show that if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ is torsion-free and $d_{1}=d_{2}=6$, exactly seven closed subgroups of $\text{Aut}(T_{6})$ arise in this way. We also construct two new infinite families of virtually simple lattices in $\text{Aut}(T_{6})\times \text{Aut}(T_{4n})$ and in $\text{Aut}(T_{2n})\times \text{Aut}(T_{2n+1})$, respectively, for all $n\geqslant 2$. In particular, we provide an explicit presentation of a torsion-free infinite simple group on 5 generators and 10 relations, that splits as an amalgamated free product of two copies of $F_{3}$ over $F_{11}$. We include information arising from computer-assisted exhaustive searches of lattices in products of trees of small degrees. In an appendix by Pierre-Emmanuel Caprace, some of our results are used to show that abstract and relative commensurator groups of free groups are almost simple, providing partial answers to questions of Lubotzky and Lubotzky–Mozes–Zimmer.
Extensions of bounded holomorphic functions on the tridisk
Authors: Kosiński Łukasz , McCarthy John E.
Published: October 2019

A set

\mathcal{V}

in the tridisk

\mathbb{D}^3

has the polynomial extension property if for every polynomial

p

there is a function

\phi

on

\mathbb{D}^3

so that

\| \phi \|_{\mathbb{D}^3} = \| p \|_{\mathcal{V}}

and

\phi |_{\mathcal{V}} = p|_{\mathcal{V}}

. We study sets

\mathcal{V}

that are relatively polynomially convex and have the polynomial extension property. If

\mathcal{V}

is one-dimensional, and is either algebraic, or has polynomially convex projections, we show that it is a retract. If

\mathcal{V}

is two-dimensional, we show that either it is a retract, or, for any choice of the coordinate functions, it is the graph of a function of two variables.
Variation under a psycholinguistic perspective: number agreement in Brazilian Portuguese and its impact for the schooling
Authors: Jakubów Ana Paula Da Silva Passos , Corrêa Letícia M. Sicuro
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses the impact of schooling in the production of number agreement in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) by 6th graders in Rio de Janeiro. Number agreement in BP can vary between: (a) redundant, the standard variety or (b) non-redundant, non-standard forms. Such variation is influenced by speakers’ socioeconomic status (SES) and educational level (Naro, 1981; Scherre & Naro, 1998 among many others). Results of an elicited production experiment carried out with 6th graders suggest influence of SES/ type of school and academic performance in language production; the effects of schooling and metalinguistic awareness are discussed. An account of language production is presented by conciliating L1 and L2 models of speech production, considering the possibility of the coexistence of varieties in a single speaker to be akin to bilingualism.
Os efeitos da iconicidade na pré-alfabetização: um estudo psicolinguístico de pareamento figura-palavra escrita
Authors: Andrade Isadora Rodrigues , Machado Ana Luiza H. Tinoco , França Aniela Improta
Published: October 2019

This work aims at investigating, from the perspective of experimental linguistics, the use of iconicity as a provisional reading strategy used by children during the pre-literacy phase. In the background, we contrast the recruitment of iconicity with the notion of default arbitrariness in language, as proposed by Saussure. To test the interplay of these cognitions, we propose a role-playing experiment with children from three age groups, 4, 5 and 6, in order to verify if these participants use iconic relations to guide them in a task of pairing figure to written word. Our results show that iconicity is afirst-hand resource used by some children, specially 4 year-olds, who tended to establish a clearer motivational relationship between the size of objects and the size of the word that names them. Nevertheless, iconicity persists as a strategy in a few 6 year-olds, on the brink of attending literacy class. Considering these results, we discuss the implications of choosingaliteracy method, either favoring global reading or grapheme-phoneme decoding, specially for the kids who tend to preserve the iconic strategy longer.
Efeitos de longo prazo do treinamento perceptual na percepção e produção das plosivas iniciais surdas do inglês por estudantes brasileiros: implicações para o ensino de pronúncia
Authors: Alves Ubiratã Kickhöfel , Kampff Felipe Rodrigues
Published: October 2019

In this article, we investigate the effects of perceptual training on the perception and production of word-initial VOT patterns in English by Brazilian learners. The experiment consisted of a pre-test, a post-test and two delayed post-tests. The first delayed post-test took place one month after training, while the second one took place three years later. The results show a slight increase in the identification rates by the Experimental Group, and no significant increase between the pre-test and the final post-test in the production data. Based on these results, we draw attention to the need of associating perceptual training with additional awareness-raising tasks on phonetic-phonological aspects, combined with a continuous exposure to the target forms.
Andar sobre a terra: constituição de lugares, coletivos e espaços-tempos karo-arara
Authors: Otero dos Santos Julia
Published: October 2019

Maloca, seringal e aldeia são espaços por meio dos quais os Karo-Arara falam de suas trajetórias familiares e da história de seu povo. Pretende-se mostrar como tais espaços podem ser entendidos de duas formas distintas: de um lado, como lugares particulares que são constituídos por (e constituem) grupos de parentes; de outro, como espaços-tempos contrastantes que distinguem socialidades específicas idealmente praticadas em cada um desses espaços-tempos, e que acabam constituindo um coletivo mais amplo, algo como o povo Karo-Arara. As andanças pela região do rio Machado são fundamentais para entender a constituição de lugares, espaços-tempos e coletivos.
A cibernética do "self": uma teoria do alcoolismo
Authors: Cesarino Letícia
Published: October 2019

Tradução de Gregory Bateson, "The cybernetics of 'self': a theory of alcoholism"Neste texto clássico, originalmente publicado em 1971, Gregory Bateson propõe uma “explicação cibernética” para a eficácia da metodologia de Alcoólicos Anônimos (AA). Ao fazê-lo, oferece uma teoria complexa e original para a formação do “self” na cultura ocidental.
Encantes da Terra: segredo e conhecimento entre os Tremembé de Almofala
Authors: Fernandes Janaína Ferreira
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma reflexão a respeito dos encantados, entes não humanos que figuram nos discursos, narrativas e experiências do povo indígena Tremembé de Almofala, Município de Itarema, Ceará, Brasil, e suas relações com a terra. A premissa fundamental deste trabalho é a existência de um entrecruzamento necessário entre esses dois termos, a saber, terra e encantados. Tal continuidade está presente na constatação de que os encantados fazem parte do que os Tremembé chamam de terra. Para tanto, mobilizo uma discussão crítica com a noção de territorialização, de João Pacheco de Oliveira Filho, à luz dos conceitos de territorialização, desterritorialização e reterritorialização, de acordo com Deleuze e Guatarri, de modo a colocar em evidência o que opto aqui por classificar como terra e sua relação com a noção de encantados ou encantes.
Engaging children in geosciences through storytelling and creative dance
Authors: Matias Ana , Carrasco A. Rita , Ramos Ana A. , Borges Rita
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Natural sciences have traditionally been disseminated in outreach activities as formal one-way presentations. Nevertheless, innovative strategies are being increasingly developed using arts, gaming, sketching, amongst others. This work aimed at testing an alternative and innovative way to engage non-expert audiences in ocean and coastal geology, through creative dancing. An informal education activity focusing on ocean dynamics was designed for 10-year-old students. It combines coastal science concepts (wind, waves, currents, and sand), storytelling techniques (narrative arc), and creative dance techniques (movement, imaginative play, and sensory engagement). A sequence of six exercises was proposed starting in the generation of offshore ocean waves and ending with sediment transport on the beach, during storm/fair-weather conditions. Scientific concepts were then translated into structured creative movements, within imaginary scenarios, and accompanied by sounds or music. The activity was performed six times summing 112 students. It was an inclusive activity given that all students in the class participated, including children with several mild types of cognitive and neurological impairment. The Science & Art activity aroused emotions of enjoyment and pleasure, and allowed an effective communication between scientists and school public. Moreover, the results provide evidence of the activity effectiveness to engage children and to develop their willingness to further participate in similar activities.
Dimensionless design approach to translating flat faced follower mechanism with two-circular-arc cam
Authors: Arabaci Emre
Published: October 2019

Abstract. In this study, a dimensionless design approach was
presented for translating flat-faced follower mechanism with
two-circular-arc cam. Instead of second arc radius (r2), maximum
follower lift (smax) and angle of the cam rotation angle (2θmax) variables from the cam profile design parameters were made
dimensionless using r2∕r (=λ), smax∕r (=ψ) and θmax∕π (=μ) respectively. Equations for cam
profile and follower movement were derived and graphics were obtained
depending on the dimensionless parameters. λ and ψ should be
in the range [0.0, 1.0], but μ should be in the range [0.0, 0.5].
λ and ψ were changed in the range [0.10, 0.90] and μ in
the [0.25, 0.45] range and λ, ψ and μ values were
determined for the cam profile. Maximum velocity (vmax), maximum
absolute acceleration (amax) and average follower lift (save)
changes, which are one of the critical characteristics of follower, were
examined for possible cam profiles according to the change of λ,
ψ and μ. As a result, vmax and save decreased when μ was increased, vmax and save increased and amax decreased
when ψ was increased, amax and save increased when
λ was increased.
Projecting Circum-Arctic Excess Ground Ice Melt with a sub-grid representation in the Community Land Model
Authors: Cai Lei , Lee Hanna , Westermann Sebastian , Aas Kjetil Schanke
Published: October 2019

Abstract. We implement a sub-grid representation of excess ground ice within permafrost soils and its melting using the latest version of Community Land Model (CLM5). Based on the original CLM5 tiling hierarchy, we duplicate the natural vegetated landunit by building extra tiles for up to three different excess ice conditions in each grid point. Single-grid simulation cases initialize the same amount of excess ice in same soil layers, while prescribing different volumetric ice contents and sub-grid distributions. For the same total amount of excess ice initialized at the same soil layers, different sub-grid variability of excess ice leads to different excess ice melting rates on the grid level, as well as to different impacts to permafrost thermal properties and local hydrology. We prescribed a tiling scheme based on the dataset “Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground-Ice Conditions” (Brown et al., 2002) within horizontal and vertical distributions of three different types of excess ice in the CLM grid to test applicability of sub-grid representation. Compared to the excess ice initialized homogeneously in each grid, the sub-grid scale excess ice and the tiling scheme amend the overly early timing of initial melting and the overly high melting rate of excess ice in warming climate. Initializing the excess ice depths according to local active layer thickness reduces underestimation of excess ice melt for the Arctic coastal regions. Further developments rely on additional global observational datasets on both the spatial and vertical distributions of excess ground ice, where our development of sub-grid representation demonstrated the potential for more realistically projecting excess ice melt in the circum-Arctic domain.
A depth cline in deep-sea octopods (Cephalopoda: Graneledone) in the northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Voight Janet R , Kurth Jessica A , Strauss Richard E , Strugnell Jan M , Allcock Louise A
Published: October 2019

Bathyal octopods of the genus Graneledone Joubin, 1918 in the northeast Pacific differ dramatically in skin texture. To test the hypothesis that these differences are associated with geography, we quantified the skin warts and tubercles of 50 specimens collected between 36°N
and 46°N from 1116 to 2850 m depth. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we analyzed the numbers of mantle and head warts, mantle and web tubercles, arm suckers, and inner and outer gill lamellae, adding head width as a size proxy. We used Canonical Correlation Analysis to explicitly
test the relationship of morphology to depth and latitude. Sequences of 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and COI genes from 12 individuals quantified genetic divergence. PCA revealed correlated variation in head width, arm suckers, and gill lamella counts opposed by skin texture on PC1; PC2 showed correlated
variation in skin texture opposed by gill lamella counts. Both components correlate with depth and latitude but, as most shallow specimens came from southern localities, the correlation with latitude may be artefactual. is relationship is corroborated by the canonical correlations. Octopods
from greater depths are smaller than those from shallower depths, have rougher skin texture, and fewer suckers and gill lamellae. Clades of shallow and deep octopods show 0.8% genetic divergence in COI (Kimura two-parameter distance), not inconsistent with intraspecific differentiation. We
conclude that the variation is likely clinal with depth. The observed morphological differences may result from differences in food availability and oxygen saturation with depth.
Algunas Soluciones para las ecuaciones de Campo de La Cosmologı́a Estándar
Authors: Sánchez Villanueva Javier
Published: October 2019

Aquı́ estudiaremos como nuestro universo comienza en el big bang y luego evoluciona hacia un universo abierto, cerrado, o plano dependiendo de la costante de curvatura κ, de la constante cosmológica Λ, que cumple con el papel de fuerza igual y opuesta a la fuerza gravitatoria, y de la constante de Hubble H0. La teorı́a General de la Relatividad parece representar la única forma consistente de abordar el problema de la cosmologı́a. Debido al principio cosmológico, asumimos que el universo es homogéneo e isótropo, vamos a suponer, además, que podemos caracterizar su contenido como si fuera un fluido perfecto, de manera que a escalas suficientemente grandes (mayores que la distancia tı́pica entre galaxias) tenemos definida una densidad ρ y presión p. La ecuación de estado p = p (ρ ) determina el tipo de fluido. El universo puede estar compuesto de diferentes fluidos ρ = ρ1 + ρ2 + ..., cada uno con diferentes ecuaciones de estado.
Métodos iterativos para calcular potenciales electrostáticos
Authors: Pinto Jacinto , Reyes Marco
Published: October 2019

Al resolver en forma numérica las ecuaciones diferenciales en derivadas parciales surgen sistemas de ecuaciones lineales muy grandes, los métodos iterativos constituyen una alternativa a los métodos de eliminación. En este trabajo se revisan los métodos iterativos de Gauss Seidel e iteración con relajación para resolver los sistemas de ecuaciones lineales que surgen al trabajar numéricamente con las ecuaciones de Laplace, Poisson y de guía de Ondas, bajo el esquema de diferencias finitas.Se proporcionan ejemplos concretos, para calcular potenciales electrostáticos y los programas en Matlab para automatizar los cálculos los cuales se vuelven inmanejables para calcularlos manualmente.
Corrientes Parásitas y Fenómenos de Inducción relacionados
Authors: Reyes Marco , Pinto Jacinto
Published: October 2019

Describimos el origen de las corrientes parásitas y mostramos como calcular estas corrientes para algunas geometrı́as. Analizamos el efecto que tienen las corrientes parásitas en dispositivos como motores eléctricos, y en dinamometros, estas corrientes generan efectos no deseables en los motores y transformadores, pero existen ciertas aplicaciones tecnológicas en las que son muy útiles, como detectores de metales y sistemas de calentamiento. En los motores se producen efectos de inducción tales como las corrientes parásitas e histéresis, que causan disipación de energı́a por efecto Joule.