bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the necessity to change the educational system
Authors:   Constantine the Philosopher University Nitra, Slovak Republic, Petllak Erich
Published: March 2024

The reform of education has always been an essential issue because it affects almost each element of the area. The paper discusses reforms with regard to the tasks schools will face in the future, including the position of teachers and pupils. The author considers basic tendencies of reform, emphasising the changes in teacher's work. The question of the school reform is seen as a permanent process that is connected with complex social, scientific and technological changes.
The relation of the cognitive style adaptation - innovation, creativity levels, intelligence as well as personality variabies
Authors:   Matej Bel University Banska Bystrica, Slovak Republic, Salbot Vladimir , Sabolova Gabriela ,   Matej Bel University Banska Bystrica, Slovak Republic
Published: March 2024

The research study presents the results of observations on the relation of cognitive style adaptation-innovation, creativity levels, as well as traditionally understood intelligence and capacity factors of personality. Differences between adaptors and innovators are observed in relation to selected personality factors. A comparison of cognitive style among our candidates of teaching and other population files in the world is interested, too.
Possibilities of education through sport - critical reflection
Authors:   Academy of Physical Education Katowice, Poland, Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof
Published: March 2024

Year 2004 is established as the European Year of Education through Sport. Many people believe that participation in sport is beneficial to the process of education, indeed. But it has been also suggested that participation in sport may be detrimental for personality of young people. In this paper we would like to survey sport through the prism of pros and cons brought about by it to the process of education and to put forward some suggestions on how to release educational values from sport.
Lumbar safety triangle: comparative study of coronal and coronal oblique planes in 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Dannebrock Fernando Augusto , Zardo Erasmo de Abreu , Ziegler Marcus Sofia , Vialle Emiliano , Soder Ricardo Bernardi , Schwanke Carla Helena Augustin
Published: March 2024

Abstract Objective: To compare the measurements of the lumbar safety triangle (Kambin’s triangle) and the invasion of the dorsal root ganglion in the triangle in coronal and coronal oblique planes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study, in which 210 3.0-T magnetic resonance images of L2-L5 were analyzed in coronal and coronal oblique planes. Exams with lumbar spine anomalies were excluded. Demographic (sex and age) and radiological variables were recorded by a single evaluator. Results: Most sample was female (57.1%), mean age 45.5 ± 13.3 (18–98 years). The measurements average, as well as the areas, gradually increased from L2 to L5. The dorsal root ganglion invaded the triangle in all images. The safety triangle average area was smaller in the coronal oblique plane than in the coronal plane. Of the seven dimensions of safety triangle obtained for each level of the lumbar spine, six were significantly smaller in the coronal oblique plane than in the coronal plane. The only dimension that showed no difference was the smallest ganglion dimension. Conclusion: The dimensions and areas investigated were smaller in coronal oblique plane, especially the area (difference > 1 mm). The analysis of the triangular zone in this plane becomes important in the preoperative assessment of minimally invasive procedures.
Impact of preoperative body composition in patients with renal cell carcinoma submitted to surgical treatment
Authors: Carniatto Letícia Nascimento , Bitencourt Almir Galvão Vieira , Miola Thais Manfrinato , Agnello Jéssica , Xavier Camila Machado , Costa Walter Henriques da
Published: March 2024

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of preoperative body composition in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 52 patients with RCC undergoing total or partial nephrectomy. Body composition assessment was performed using the body mass index, together with computed tomography analysis at the level of the third lumbar vertebra to measure the area of visceral adipose tissue, as well as the area and density of skeletal muscle mass. Results: Malnutrition, obesity and inadequate skeletal muscle gauge (SMG) were associated with higher hospital length of stay (p = 0.028, p = 0.02 and p = 0.012, respectively). Although the rates of postoperative symptoms and readmissions were low, survival was better among the patients with an adequate SMG than among those with an inadequate SMG (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Among patients with RCC undergoing surgical treatment, preoperative body composition does not seem to be associated with the rates of perioperative complications, although an inadequate SMG seems to be associated with worse overall survival.
Are we ready to stratify BI-RADS 4 lesions observed on magnetic resonance imaging? A real-world noninferiority/equivalence analysis
Authors: Almeida João Ricardo Maltez de , Bitencourt Almir Galvão Vieira , Gomes André Boechat , Chagas Gabriela Lemos , Barros Thomas Pitangueira
Published: March 2024

Abstract Objective: To demonstrate that positive predictive values (PPVs) for suspicious (category 4) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that have been stratified are equivalent to those stipulated in the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) for mammography and ultrasound. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis of electronic medical records generated between January 4, 2016 and December 29, 2021 provided 365 patients in which 419 suspicious (BI-RADS category 4) findings were subcategorized as BI-RADS 4A, 4B or 4C. Malignant and nonmalignant outcomes were determined by pathologic analyses, follow-up, or both. For each subcategory, the level 2 PPV (PPV2) was calculated and tested for equivalence/noninferiority against the established benchmarks. Results: Of the 419 findings evaluated, 168 (40.1%) were categorized as malignant and 251 (59.9%) were categorized as nonmalignant. The PPV2 for subcategory 4A was 14.2% (95% CI: 9.3–20.4%), whereas it was 41.2% (95% CI: 32.8–49.9%) for subcategory 4B and 77.2% (95% CI: 68.4–84.5%) for subcategory 4C. Multivariate analysis showed a significantly different cancer yield for each subcategory (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We found that stratification of suspicious findings by MRI criteria is feasible, and malignancy probabilities for sub-categories 4B and 4C are equivalent to the values established for the other imaging methods in the BI-RADS. Nevertheless, low suspicion (4A) findings might show slightly higher malignancy rates.
Contemporary ecotourism development from the perspective of traditional Taoist philosophy
Authors: Ma Zhiluan , Li Fang
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The development of modern ecotourism cannot do without the support of the cultural industry. Placing China’s ecotourism industry within the traditional Taoist ideology and culture of China can effectively establish a systematic cultural and tourism theory, enrich the methods of ecotourism construction and promote the development of the tourism industry. Therefore, this study is based on Taoist ecological ideology and analyzes the impact of traditional ideological connotations on the development of ecotourism from the perspectives of natural harmony and spiritual balance in Taoist ideology. At the same time, the study explores the modern value of Taoist philosophy and its advantages in integrating with tourism at three levels: sustainable development, social ecological civilization and human spiritual needs. The purpose of this study is to explore the development path of contemporary sustainable ecotourism culture and provide theoretical guidance for achieving harmonious development and unity between humans and nature.
Tendência da taxa de mortalidade por câncer de mama em mulheres com 20 anos ou mais no Brasil, 2005-2019
Authors: Silva Gabriela Rodarte Pedroso da , Guimarães Rafael Alves , Vieira Flaviana Vely Mendonça , Silva George Oliveira , Oliveira Faétila dos Santos , Aredes Natália Del’ Angelo
Published: March 2024

Resumo O objetivo é analisar a tendência da taxa de mortalidade por câncer de mama e sua correlação com o status de desenvolvimento socioeconômico no Brasil. Estudo ecológico de séries temporais realizado nos 26 estados, Distrito Federal e regiões do Brasil. As fontes de dados foram o Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (número de óbitos), o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (população residente) e o estudo da Carga Global de Doenças (socio-demographic index - SDI). Foram usados dados de 2005 a 2019. A tendência foi analisada pelos modelos de regressão de Prais-Winsten. A relação entre a taxa de mortalidade e o SDI foi analisada pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. No período do estudo ocorrerem 207.683 óbitos por câncer de mama. A taxa padronizada de mortalidade média foi de 19,95 óbitos por 100.000 mulheres no Brasil. O Brasil e todas as regiões apresentaram tendência crescente da mortalidade. Do total de estados, 22 apresentaram tendência crescente. Verificou-se relação positiva entre a taxa de mortalidade e o SDI. A taxa de mortalidade padronizada por câncer de mama apresentou tendência crescente no Brasil, em todas as regiões e na maioria das unidades da federação. Verificou-se associação direta entre mortalidade e SDI, indicando maior magnitude em regiões mais desenvolvidas.
Itinerários terapêuticos de mulheres quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Pâmela Scarlatt Durães , Miranda Sérgio Vinícius Cardoso de , Queiroz Patrícia de Sousa Fernandes , Santos Bruna Amorim , Rodrigues Neto João Felício , Sampaio Cristina Andrade
Published: March 2024

Resumo Os quilombolas são grupos étnico-raciais de ancestralidade negra e tiveram seus territórios consolidados no Brasil em regiões com acesso difícil e distante dos grandes centros. O objetivo desse estudo é conhecer o itinerário terapêutico (IT) adotado por mulheres quilombolas em comunidades tradicionais localizadas no norte do estado de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa com o modelo teórico utilizando o sistema de cuidados à saúde de Arthur Kleinman. O estudo se deu em 23 comunidades quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais. Foram entrevistadas 40 mulheres quilombolas, com idades entre 25 e 89 anos. A análise dos dados foi realizada seguindo os IT. Emergiram unidades de análise que foram agrupadas em três categorias: as mulheres quilombolas e o significado da saúde e do cuidado; o sistema de cuidado profissional nas comunidades quilombolas; e itinerário de cuidados nas situações vivenciadas pelas mulheres. O itinerário terapêutico das comunidades se mostra relacionado principalmente às ações de medicina popular. Foi possível observar ainda que existem fragilidades em relação à atenção à saúde devido a fatores como dificuldade de acesso aos serviços institucionalizados.
O racismo institucional na universidade e consequências na vida de estudantes negros: um estudo misto
Authors: Guerra Nathalia Ester Martins , Stofel Natália Sevilha , Borges Flávio Adriano , Luna Willian Fernandes , Salim Natália Rejane , Sá Barbara Stefani Morais , Monteiro Juliana
Published: March 2024

Resumo O objetivo do artigo foi analisar como o racismo institucional em uma universidade pública brasileira afeta a vida de estudantes negros e negras. Trata-se de um estudo misto, desenvolvido por meio da aplicação de questionário autoaplicado online a estudantes universitários que se autodeclararam negros. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por estatística descritiva, análise bivariável por meio do qui-quadrado e regressão logística multinominal. A análise dos dados qualitativos foi feita no Iramuteq. Do total de 125 respondentes, 68 (54,4%) afirmaram ter sofrido racismo pelo menos uma vez dentro da universidade. Percebeu-se que as situações racistas vividas pelas pessoas negras dentro do ambiente universitário colocam em questão a autoconfiança e a motivação do estudante, afetando diretamente a sua saúde mental e seu desempenho no curso. Evidenciou-se a importância dos coletivos para acolhimento e fortalecimento do pertencimento dos estudantes.
Institutional racism at the university and consequences in the lives of Black students: a mixed study
Authors: Guerra Nathalia Ester Martins , Stofel Natália Sevilha , Borges Flávio Adriano , Luna Willian Fernandes , Salim Natália Rejane , Sá Barbara Stefani Morais , Monteiro Juliana
Published: March 2024

Abstract This article aimed to analyze how institutional racism at a Brazilian public university affects the lives of Black students. This mixed study was developed by applying an online self-administered questionnaire to university students who self-declared as Blacks. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis using chi-square, and multinomial logistic regression. Qualitative data analysis was performed using IRAMUTEQ. Sixty-eight (54.4%) of the 125 respondents claimed to have suffered racism at least once within the university. We noticed that racist situations experienced by Black people within the university environment call into question the student’s self-confidence and motivation, directly affecting their mental health and performance in the course. The importance of receptive groups for strengthening students’ belonging was highlighted.
Associação entre iniquidades raciais e condição de saúde bucal: revisão sistemática
Authors: Reis Laila Araújo de Oliveira dos , Miranda Samilly Silva , Fonseca Bruna Rebouças da , Pereira Marcos , Natividade Marcio dos Santos , Aragão Erika , Lara Tiago Prates , Nery Joilda Silva
Published: March 2024

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a associação entre iniquidades raciais e condição de saúde bucal. Trata-se de revisão sistemática com protocolo cadastrado na plataforma prospero (CRD42021228417), com buscas realizadas em bases de dados eletrônicas e na literatura cinzenta. Identificou-se 3.028 publicações e após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade e análise do risco de vieses, 18 estudos foram selecionados. Os resultados indicam que indivíduos de raça/cor da pele preta/parda apresentam condições de saúde bucal desfavorável, representada principalmente pela autoavaliação de saúde bucal, perda dentária, cárie e periodontite. Os resultados evidenciaram iniquidades raciais em saúde bucal em diferentes países, para todos os indicadores analisados, com maior vulnerabilidade da população negra.
Incomplete recording of race/colour in health information systems in Brazil: time trend, 2009-2018
Authors: Souza Ionara Magalhães de , Araújo Edna Maria de , Silva Filho Aloísio Machado da
Published: March 2024

Abstract This ecological study of time trends and multiple groups evaluated incompleteness in the race/colour field of Brazilian health information system records and the related time trend, 2009-2018, for the diseases and disorders most prevalent in the black population. The Romero and Cunha (2006) classification was applied in order to examine incompleteness using secondary data from Brazil’s National Notifiable Diseases System, Hospital Information System and Mortality Information System, by administrative regions of Brazil, while percentage underreporting and time trend were calculated using simple linear regression models with Prais-Winsten correction (p-value<0.05). All records scored poorly except those for mortality from external causes (excellent), tuberculosis (good) and infant mortality (fair). An overall downward trend was observed in percentage incompleteness. Analysis by region found highest mean incompleteness in the North (30.5%), Northeast (33.3%) and Midwest (33.0%) regions. The Southeast and Northeast regions showed the strongest downward trends. The findings intended to increase visibility on the implications of the race/color field for health equity.
Racial iniquity in mortality from cervical cancer in Brazil: a time trend study from 2002 to 2021
Authors: Luiz Olinda do Carmo , Nisida Vitor , Silva Filho Aloisio Machado da , Souza Allex Sander Porfírio de , Nunes Ana Paula Nogueira , Nery Felipe Souza Dreger
Published: March 2024

Abstract This ecological study examined time series, from 2002 to 20121, of age-adjusted coefficients of cervical cancer mortality, in Brazil, in women aged 20 years or more, by race. The information sources were Brazil’s mortality information system (Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade - SIM) and the official bureau of statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE). Annual changes in age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated using the Prais-Winsten linear regression method. Black women die more and the rate is decreasing less. Racial inequality has increased over the years. In 2002, there were 0.08 more deaths per 100,000 women in the black population than among white women; in 2021, the number was one death. Health policymaking should consider racial differences in the implementation of strategies and goals.
Àgô Sankofa: um olhar sobre a trajetória da doença falciforme no Brasil nos últimos 20 anos
Authors: Mota Clarice Santos , Lira Altair dos Santos , Queiroz Maria Candida Alencar de , Santos Márcia Pereira Alves dos
Published: March 2024

Resumo A doença falciforme (DF) é um caso emblemático de negligência histórica em saúde no Brasil e reflete como o racismo institucional produz iniquidades em saúde. Este artigo fez um percurso histórico até os dias atuais e mostra atraso na implementação de políticas de saúde voltadas para as pessoas com DF, tantas vezes encoberto em (in)ações e omissões do poder público. O descompromisso para a efetivação das recomendações do Ministério da Saúde, a exemplo da triagem neonatal, e a dificuldade de incorporar as tecnologias para a assistência à saúde resultam desse modus nada operandi. Os avanços e retrocessos nas ações programáticas, bem como a pressão constante sobre os diversos entes governamentais, caracterizaram a saga dos últimos 20 anos. O texto disserta sobre as políticas voltadas para as pessoas com DF, apropriando-se da simbologia Sankofa, já que só é possível construir o presente pelo aprendizado dos erros do passado. Assim, reconhecemos essa trajetória e esse momento histórico em que há possibilidade concreta de avançar e concretizar o tão almejado cuidado integral para pessoas com DF. Concluiu-se que há um convite para um novo olhar, em que esperançar seja o disparador das movimentações necessárias para a garantia do direito para as pessoas com DF.
Transtorno do espectro do autismo e aleitamento materno: estudo de caso controle
Authors: Silva Victor Bruno da , Alves Fernanda Dias , Cezar Ionara Aparecida Mendes , Bandeira Laura Vicuna Santos , Oliveira Stéffany Lara Nunes , Rezende Luiz Fernando de , Saeger Vanessa Souza de Araújo , Freire Rafael Silveira , Silveira Marise Fagundes
Published: March 2024

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre aleitamento materno e Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo caso-controle realizado no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil, que incluiu 248 crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de TEA (grupo caso) e 886 crianças e adolescentes sem diagnóstico de TEA (grupo controle). Foram realizadas entrevistas com as mães das crianças e adolescentes e utilizado um questionário semiestruturado para coleta dos dados. Para análise dos dados foi adotado modelo de regressão logística múltipla. A magnitude das associações foi estimada pela Odds Ratio (OR). Três modelos múltiplos foram ajustados: Modelo 1: presença ou ausência de aleitamento materno; Modelo 2: duração do aleitamento materno; Modelo 3: duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Resultados: o TEA foi associado à ausência de aleitamento materno nos três modelos ajustados: Modelo 1: OR=2,1, IC95%=1,1-4,1; Modelo 2: OR=2,3, IC95%=1,2-4,5; Modelo 3: OR=2,3, IC95%=1,2-4,5. Conclusões: os indivíduos com TEA tiveram maiores chances de não terem recebido aleitamento materno, no entanto, devido à natureza dos estudos de caso-controle, não se pode afirmar que o aleitamento materno previna o TEA. A realização de um estudo de coorte poderá esclarecer essa relação.
Como a judicialização da cirurgia de implante coclear impacta o Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Godoy Vanessa Boldarini de , Jacob Lilian Cassia Bórnia , Alvarenga Kátia de Freitas
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o impacto da judicialização na realização da cirurgia de implante coclear no Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil, incluindo o serviço público e a saúde suplementar. Métodos Foi realizado um levantamento documental de acórdãos de todos os tribunais nacionais e a jurisprudência dominante, voltados à cirurgia do implante coclear no Sistema Único de Saúde, no período de 2007 a 2019, por meio da Plataforma Jusbrasil, utilizando o termo “implante coclear” para realização da busca. Também foi realizado um levantamento na plataforma DATASUS (Departamento de Informação do Sistema Único de Saúde) sobre quantos procedimentos de implante coclear unilateral e bilateral foram realizados no mesmo período. Resultados De acordo com o DATASUS, no período de 2008 a 2019 foram realizados 8.857 procedimentos de cirurgia de implante coclear pelos entes públicos ou pelas operadoras dos planos de saúde no país. Com relação à judicialização para solicitação da cirurgia do implante coclear, unilateral ou bilateral, foram encontrados 216 processos, representando 2,43% dos casos. Conclusão A judicialização da saúde, quando se considera a cirurgia do implante coclear, tem representado uma parcela mínima dos casos, o que demonstra baixo impacto no orçamento público e não tem expressiva ação na organização do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Environmental barriers and facilitators to the participation of children with cerebral palsy in recreational and leisure activities: an integrative review
Authors: Menezes Ilma , Curi Haidar Tafner , Jurdi Andrea Perosa Saigh
Published: March 2024

Abstract The participation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in recreation and leisure activities can be influenced by environmental factors. The recognition and understanding of these factors as barriers or facilitators of these activities are essential to guarantee the right of these children to participate on equal terms with other people in society. In this context, the objective of this integrative review was to identify environmental barriers and facilitators in the participation of children with CP in recreation and leisure activities. The integrative review method proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was used. Studies published between 2011 and 2022 in Portuguese and/or English were selected from MEDLINE indexing sources via PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Nine studies were included in the review – most of them cross-sectional in design and qualitative in approach. The following participation facilitators were identified: support from parents, peers and teachers; interaction with adults; therapies; material conditions; activities at home, school and in the community; diversity of toys; and cultural activities. The following barriers to participation were identified: lack of access to public transport; negative attitudes; lack of choice and less parental interaction; and lack of adequacy of activities. The Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the concepts of participation pyramid and family of constructs were fundamental in identifying environmental barriers and facilitators in the participation of children with CP. It is suggested that future studies be conducted to assess the quality and strength of the evidence for participants under 11 years of age.
Racism and sexism in the trajectory of black female medical students: an integrative review
Authors: Martins Mirian Teresa de Sá Leitão , Taquette Stella Regina
Published: March 2024

Black female medical students are a minority and face various obstacles during their training because they are black women. The study aimed to synthesize the knowledge produced in empirical studies on the racial and gender discrimination suffered by black female medical students. We carried out an integrative review using the PubMed and VHL databases. Fifty studies were analyzed in depth and classified into three thematic categories: 1- Systemic-structural and structuring racial prejudice. 2- Racism as one of the factors of inequity in medical education. 3- Genderized racism experienced by black students. It was concluded that in medical schools, a social space with low ethnic/racial diversity and crossed by structural racism, female black students are negatively discriminated by the intersection of race, gender and social class dynamics.
MODELOS DE HÉLICES TRIPLA, QUÁDRUPLA E QUÍNTUPLA: O PAPEL DAS UNIVERSIDADES
Authors: Quaresma Fernando , Córdula Lúcia , Pontes-Silva André , Schott Eloise , Santos Leidson Lima dos , Porto Júnior Francisco Gilson Rebouças
Published: March 2024

Este artigo buscou realçar a relevância da universidade na lógica dos modelos de hélice como aceleradores dos processos de inovação e aprendizagem. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, dos últimos 3 anos (2020-2023) usando as bases de dados PubMed da National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, Web of Science (WOS) e Business Source Complete (EBSCO), utilizando os termos: "Hélice Tripla", "Hélice Quádrupla", "Hélice Quíntupla", "Hélice Sêxtupla", "Universidades" e "Inovação". Após triagem e verificação de elegibilidade, três estudos foram preenchidos com os critérios de inclusão. Os artigos revisados ​​​​demonstram a importância dos pesquisadores em arquiteturas helicoidais para enfrentar os desafios atuais e críticos socioeconômicos, sociotécnicos e sociopolíticos. A atuação das universidades como verdadeiros especialistas na produção de conhecimento público pode fornecer conhecimento específico como atuar como mediadoras entre os diferentes atores.
Performative Ethics From Within the Ivory Tower: How CS Practitioners Uphold Systems of Oppression
Authors: McFadden Zari , Alvarez Lauren
Published: March 2024

This paper analyzes where Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics research fails and breaks down the dangers of well-intentioned but ultimately performative ethics research. A large majority of AI ethics research is criticized for not providing a comprehensive analysis of  how AI is interconnected with sociological systems of oppression and power. Our work contributes to the handful of research that presents intersectional, Western systems of oppression and power as a framework for examining AI ethics work and the complexities of building less harmful technology; directly connecting technology to named systems such as capitalism and classism, colonialism, racism and white supremacy, patriarchy, and ableism. We then explore current AI ethics rhetoric’s effect on the AI ethics domain. We conclude by providing an applied example to contextualize intersectional systems of oppression and AI interventions in the US justice system and present actionable steps for AI practitioners to participate in a less performative, critical analysis of AI.
This article appears in the AI & Society track.
FLOW STRUCTURES IN THE WAKE REGION OF AN L-SHAPED CYLINDER AND A TRIANGULAR CYLINDER
Authors: Bahrami Arian , Pourasl Hamed H. , Khojastehnezhad Vahid M.
Published: March 2024

Researchers have been intrigued by the flow properties and wake structures behind bluff bodies for years, driven by the varied applications of these bodies in engineering and industry. In this study, flow structures and the downstream wake behind a triangular cylinder (TC) and an L-shaped cylinder (LSC) have been studied experimentally at Reynolds number of 18,100. Constant-temperature hot-wire anemometers were employed to quantitatively measure the near wake properties in terms of velocity components and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and similarities and dissimilarities in coherent structure have been addressed in detail quantitatively for the first time. It was found that the wake region behind the LSC exhibits a delay in wake recovery in comparison to the TC. In other words, the dominant status of the vortex shedding phenomena occurs at a higher x/D for LSC in comparison to the TC. The coherent TKE peak of an LSC is about 22% lower than the coherent TKE peak of the TC in the near wake region while on average it is about 20% higher in the far wake region. Finally, it was found that the maximum coherent TKE peak of LSCs occurs at a larger x/D ratio, which can be concluded as an indication of a location delay in the wake region in comparison with the TC case.
Briefing: Tried-and-tested guidance for helping governments deliver the infrastructure people need
Authors: Bobbins Kerry
Published: March 2024

Through the Enabling Better Infrastructure (EBI) programme, the Institution of Civil Engineers has published updated guidance to help governments identify and deliver on their infrastructure needs, ensuring people can live safe, healthy and productive lives. Head of EBI, Dr Kerry Bobbins, reports.
La naturaleza de la Unión Europea: la contienda entre las tres grandes concepciones y el progreso hacia un verdadero proyecto federal
Authors: Saldaña Ortega Virginia
Published: March 2024

La Unión Europea es una organización de carácter sui generis, difícilmente identificable con ninguna otra, precisamente por lo genuino de su carácter y por presentar en su desarrollo, caracteres de distintos tipos de procesos o modos de organización. El proceso evolutivo acontecido en el seno de la Unión Europea no ha sido lineal ni se ha encontrado exento de críticas y debates entre los principales actores de la realidad internacional y los especialistas en materia de integración. Partiendo de tal premisa, el presente proyecto pretende ofrecer un desarrollo exhaustivo de la evolución surgida en la realidad comunitaria desde sus inicios marcados por un carácter intergubernamental, hasta una actualidad protagonizada por la inclusión del aspecto federalizado en gran parte de la realidad social, económica y política de la organización.
Este artículo abordará la evolución histórica acontecida en el seno de la organización, desde una perspectiva de análisis doctrinal, normativo y jurisprudencial que permite evidenciar el claro proceso de transformación acontecido en el entendimiento de su naturaleza como organización, teniendo en consideración aspectos de absoluta virtualidad práctica como el sistema de gobernanza multinivel experimentado en el territorio o elementos clave como el resurgimiento del déficit democrático en la sociedad europea. Todo ello con la finalidad de tratar de dilucidar hacia qué enfoque irá encaminado el futuro de la Unión Europea que nos asistirá en el mañana de nuestra realidad como organización.
Mechanical properties and microstructure of Al–Mg (5052) alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) with variation of ECAP routes and heat treatment
Authors: Puspasari V. , Astawa I. N. G. P. , Herbirowo S. , Mabruri E.
Published: March 2024

Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) has become an effective technique of severe plastic deformation designed to produce ultrafine grain metals with improved mechanical properties, such as a good combination of strength and ductility. A  report on the effect of ECAP routes on the mechanical and microstructure of commercial 5052 aluminum alloy needs also to be included. This work has been undertaken, in order to obtain the results. In this work, several deformation routes were used to process the Al – Mg (5052) alloy, namely A, Ba, Bc and C. Deformation route A involved repeatedly pushing the sample into the ECAP die without rotation, route Ba was performed by rotating the sample through 90° in alternate directions between each pass, route Bc by rotating the sample 90° in the same sense between each pass and route C by rotating the sample 180° between passes. The addition of the pass number decreases the grain size of ECAP-processed samples when compared to the as-annealed sample. It also confirmed that the microstructure of the 8-pass samples shows a finer grain size than the as-annealed sample. Furthermore, the Bc route (samples rotated in the same sense by 90° between each pass) has been proven to be the most effective deformation route, in order to obtain equiaxed ultrafine grain structure when compared to other deformation routes. This phenomenon takes place due to the continuous deformation in all cubic planes. The restoration after the 4-pass number will lead to the rapid evolution of sub-grains to high-angle grain boundaries, forming equiaxed grains. The characterization of the hardness number also shows that the addition of the ECAP pass number increases the hardness number of 5052 aluminum alloy, where samples processed with the Bc route indicate the highest hardness number at 168.4 HB. Moreover, a similar phenomenon also suggests that the tensile strength of all ECAP deformation routes has comparable values. The effect of heat treatment for samples with the Bc route also shows that 200 °C annealed samples have the highest hardness number and tensile strength when compared to other samples.
Diferencias de actitudes durante el período de embarazo entre hombres y mujeres que fueron adolescentes embarazados
Authors: Guerrero-Martelo Manuel , Galván Gonzalo , Simancas Fernández Marlen Raquel , Celedón Rivero José Carlos , Vasquez De la Hoz Francisco Javier
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: En el presente estudio se exploraron las diferencias en la actitud hacia el embarazo adolescente entre hombres y mujeres haciendo una retrospección al momento en que se enteran de que son adolescentes embarazados.
Método: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico retrospectivo transeccional descriptivo, con una muestra de 305 participantes entre los 20 y los 56 años de edad tomada en 4 ciudades. Para el análisis se utilizó la técnica de frecuencia de palabras con operadores booleanos usando el software NVivo 12.
Resultados: Los resultados describen diferencias en la frecuencia de palabras utilizadas por hombres y mujeres ante las preguntas sobre lo que sintieron, pensaron e hicieron en ese momento, exceptuando la palabra apoyo que fue muy importante para ambos por igual. “Trabajar” y “familia”, tienen mucha importancia para los hombres, mientras que para las mujeres tiene “poder”, “quería”, y “estudiar”.
Conclusiones: Es necesario hacer más estudios sobre la actitud hacia el embarazo adolescente en hombres y diseñar las políticas públicas sobre embarazo adolescente con un enfoque diferencial de género.
Medical Error Disclosure: A Point of View
Authors:   Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, Kalra Jawahar (Jay)
Published: March 2024

In any health care process, adverse events resulting from errors are inevitable.1 A number of studies have estimated the rate of adverse events, in hospital patients, varied from 3.7% to 16.6%.2-6 Disclosure of an adverse event is an important element in managing the consequences of a medical and clinical error.7 Although, attempts have been made to minimize adverse events and medical errors, a dichotomy has developed between medical errors occurring and the disclosure of these errors by medical professionals.
Histopathologic Patterns and Cytohistologic Correlation of Thyroid Lesions among Patients with Thyroid Biopsies in Jimma Medical Centre, South West Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Dire-Dawa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), Dire-Dawa, Ethiopia, Wubshet Tewodros , Deneke Tewodros ,   Department of Pathology, Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), P. O. Box 5058, Jimma, Ethiopia, Alemayehu Eshetu ,   Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, P. O. Box 5058, Jimma, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

Introduction Thyroid diseases are major health problems that are manifested by alteration in hormone secretion, enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitre), or both. Identifying and characterizing lesions of the thyroid gland has a pivotal role since most of the lesions require medical or surgical management. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important initial screening tool and histopathologic examination is the gold standard in the definitive diagnosis of thyroid disease. Objectives To assess histopathologic patterns and cytohistologic correlation of thyroid lesions among patients with thyroid biopsy. Methods A five-year retrospective study was conducted with a review of 581 biopsies submitted from thyroidectomy specimens at Jimma University Medical Centre (JUMC), Pathology Department from September 2015 to September 2020. This also includes a review of 286 cases in which fine needle aspiration was done prior to surgery. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Descriptive and analytic studies were done. Cross tabulation, chi square (χ2 ) test and logistic regression with multivariate analysis were done to look for associations between the study variables. Results Majority of thyroid lesions were found to be non-neoplastic and 149 (25.6%) were neoplastic. Colloid goitre was found in 417 (71.8%) cases. Adenoma, carcinoma, and thyroiditis accounted for 54 (9.3%), 95 (16.3%) and 12 (2.1%) cases respectively. Among 286 FNAC results, cyto-histologic correlation was achieved in 233 (86.6%) cases. Sensitivity and specificity of FNAC were 71% and 92.7% respectively, with diagnostic accuracy of 86.6%. Conclusion Nodular colloid goitre is by far the most common thyroid lesion and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent histologic type of malignancy. FNAC remains a sensitive, specific and accurate tool in the evaluation and management of thyroid lesions.
ВОЗВРАТНАЯ МИГРАЦИЯ В КЫРГЫЗСКУЮ РЕСПУБЛИКУ: ФАКТОРЫ И ОЦЕНКА ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ
Authors: Осадчая Галина Ивановна , Волкова Ольга Александровна , Оставная Алла Николаевна
Published: March 2024

Цель исследования, представленного в статье: выявление факторов и осуществление оценки социального положения мигрантов, возвращающихся из Российской Федерации в Кыргызскую Республику. Этот процесс вызвал нагрузку на правоохранительную систему, рынок труда и социальную инфраструктуру, а также повлек за собой рост социальной напряженности.

Методология. Работа базируется на материалах трех социологических исследований, осуществленных в 2022–2023 гг. (при помощи методов анкетного опроса и полуструктурированного интервью) Институтом демографических исследований ФНИСЦ РАН совместно с Кыргызско-Российским Славянским университетом, в которых проведен сравнительный анализ миграционных факторов, социального положения, занятости и качества жизни кыргызских трудовых мигрантов в России и возвратных мигрантов в Кыргызстане.

В результате исследования обнаружены факторы возвратной миграции в Кыргызскую Республику: причины и цели миграции, социокультурная специфика семейной жизни мигрантов, источники выталкивания из страны приема мигрантов и притягивания на родине. Возвратная миграция имеет многогранный характер, отражает разнонаправленность миграционного процесса, многообразие профилей мигрантов по видам миграции и социально-демографическим характеристикам. Позитивные самооценки социального положения возвратных мигрантов связаны с объективными изменениями в России и Кыргызской Республике, со сделанными накоплениями во время миграции, а также с субъективным восприятием мигрантами своей жизни на родине. Выявлено, что в Кыргызской Республике возвратную миграцию характеризует ряд проблем: отсутствие специальных программ содействия возвращению и устойчивой реинтеграции возвратных мигрантов в жизнь местных сообществ, неблагоприятное общественное мнение о возвратных мигрантах, имеющих негативный опыт миграции. Обосновано, что регулирование возвратной миграции в Кыргызской Республике происходит преимущественно в контексте правовой интеграции мигрантов, поэтому есть потребность в оказании им комплексной правовой, экономической, социокультурной и психологической поддержки.

Перспективы исследования заключаются в развитии комплексного анализа возвратной миграции из России в страны Центральной Азии.
Görme Yetersizliğine Sahip 6. Sınıf Öğrencilere Kavram Öğretimi: İletken ve Yalıtkan Maddeler
Authors: OKCU Betül , SÖZBİLİR Mustafa
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışma görme yetersizliğine sahip 6. sınıf öğrencilerine fen bilimleri dersi, “elektriğin iletimi” ünitesinde yer alan “iletken ve yalıtkan maddeler” konusuna ait kazanımların, daha etkili bir şekilde kazandırılabilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılında Erzurum Görme Engelliler Ortaokulu 6. sınıf öğrencileri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada yer alan kazanımlara yönelik öğretim tasarımı yapılabilmesi için ünite kapsamında yer alan kazanımların Yenilenmiş Bloom taksonomisine göre düzeyleri dikkate alınarak öğrencilerin bireysel öğrenme ihtiyaçları belirlenmiş ve bu ihtiyaçlara göre konuya ait kavramların öğrencilere daha etkili bir şekilde öğretilebilmesi için görme yetersizliğinden etkilenme düzeylerine uygun olarak geliştirilen etkinliklerle, dokunsal araç-gereç veya materyaller tasarlanarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, veri toplamak amacıyla araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan Görüşme Formu (GF) ve Elektriğin İletimi Başarı Testi (EİBT) kullanılmıştır. GF ve EİBT, uygulama öncesinde fen bilimleri dersine yönelik ihtiyaçların belirlenmesi ve uygulama sonrasında ise kavramların öğrenilme durumlarını belirlemek amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Son test sonuçlarının güvenirliği için de öğrencilerle ders sonrası görüşme yapılmıştır. Uygulama sonucunda öğrencilerin son test puanlarının ön test puanlarından daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yine görüşme verilerinin analizi sonucunda öğrencilerin cevaplarının son test bulguları ile paralel olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma da öğrenci ihtiyaçlarına uygun olarak destekleyici öğretim materyallerinin kullanılmasının öğrencilerin akademik başarılarında artış sağladığı belirlenmiştir.
Eğitim Alanında Alternatif Gerçeklik Oyunları: Sistematik Bir İnceleme ve Meta-Analiz Çalışması
Authors: OĞUZ Tuğba , DUMAN Burcu
Published: March 2024

Eğitim ortamlarında oyunlaştırma kavramı, gün geçtikçe ilgi duyulan bir konu haline gelmiştir. Alternatif gerçeklik oyunları (AGO) da oyunlaştırma etkinliklerinin önemli bir türüdür. AGO, çoklu medya araçlarının kullanıldığı, bulmaca çözme ve etkileşimli anlatımların yer aldığı, sürükleyici oyunlar olarak tanımlanan oyunlardır. Bu araştırmada, AGO üzerine yapılmış olan çalışmaların bir araya getirilmesi ve detaylı biçimde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için hem sistematik derleme hem de meta analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. AGO’lara ilişkin yapılmış olan 73 çalışma, sistematik derleme yöntemi ile incelenirken 11 çalışma, AGO’ların öğretim ortamlarındaki etkisini belirlemek amacıyla meta-analize tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre en fazla çalışma 2021 yılında yapılmıştır. Çalışmalar ağırlıklı olarak ABD’de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Genel olarak çalışmalar, makale türündedir. Çalışmalarda hedef kitle olarak en fazla yüksek öğretim öğrencileri tercih edilmiş olup çoğunlukla nitel araştırma yöntemleri ve durum çalışması deseni tercih edilmiştir. Meta-analiz sonucuna göre, AGO’ların yer aldığı öğrenme etkinliklerinin, AGO’ların yer almadığı öğrenme etkinliklerine göre etkisinin yüksek olduğu söylenebilir. Türkiye'de AGO konulu çalışmalara ağırlık verilebilir. Bu konuda yazılmış tezlerin azlığından dolayı, AGO odaklı tezlerin sayısı artırılabilir. Yükseköğretim dışındaki diğer öğretim kademelerinde de uygulamalara ağırlık verilebilir. Yöntem bakımından karma veya nicel yöntem benimsenen çalışmalar artırılabilir. AGO'ların öğretim ortamlarına yönelik pozitif etkisinden dolayı çeşitli değişkenler üzerinden AGO'lar ile ilgili deneysel çalışmalar planlanabilir.
Türkiye’de Çocuk İşçiliği Konusunda Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: ERÖZYÜREK Ayşegül , URAL Ayhan
Published: March 2024

Çocuk İşçiliği dünyanın en önemli sorunlarından biridir. Çocuğun yaşına uygun olmayan işlerde çalıştırılmasının önüne geçmek amacıyla, ülkeler ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde çocuk işçiliği ile mücadele politikaları uygulamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de çocuk işçiliği konusunda yazılmış lisansüstü tezlere ilişkin bir inceleme yapılması amaçlandığından, nitel araştırma modellerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Amaçsal örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmada ölçüt, tezlerin Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu (YÖK) Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında bulunması ve tez adında “çocuk işçi” kavramı geçen erişime açık lisansüstü tezler olmasıdır. Bu kapsamda 1 tıpta uzmanlık tezi, 3 doktora tezi ve 62 yüksek lisans tezi olmak üzere toplam 65 lisansüstü çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın analiz sürecinde, çalışmada elde edilen veriler; şekiller ve tablolar yardımıyla yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre; çocuk işçiliği konusunda yazılan tezlerin büyük bölümünün yüksek lisans tezi (62) olduğu, en fazla tezin 2021 yılında yazıldığı, 53 tezin devlet üniversitelerinde ve yine 53 tezin Türkçe yazıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çocuk işçiliği konusunda yazılan tezlerin en fazla “İstanbul Üniversitesinde”(6), enstitüye göre “sosyal bilimler enstitüsünde”(50), anabilim dalı olarak “çalışma ekonomisi ve endüstri ilişkiler” (13) anabilim dalında yazıldığı görülmüştür. İncelenen tezlerin 42’sinde nitel yöntem kullanıldığı, 28’inde araştırma modeli olarak literatür tarama yönteminin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Çocuk işçiliği konusunda yazılan tezlerde örneklem/çalışma grubu olarak büyük çoğunluğunda doküman incelemesi (29) yapıldığı ve araştırmanın yapıldığı yer olarak Türkiye geneli (23) çalışıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, çocuk işçiliği konusunda hazırlanan lisansüstü tezleri inceleyerek, çocuk işçiliği konusunda farkındalık oluşturmayı, çocuk işçiliğinin çalışılmamış yönlerini ve alanın ihtiyaçlarını belirleyerek yapılacak çalışmalara bir yol haritası sunmayı ve destekleyici olabilmeyi hedeflemektedir.