bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Pigment Producing Bacteria from Solid Food Waste Samples
Authors: S. Shaikh Shaguftanaz , A. Shaikh Swaleha , S. More Rahul , Pathade G.R
Published: May 2023

Due to increasing advertence of hazards of chemical colours, biocolours produced by pigment producing microorganisms can be helpful option to be used commercially. In the current study it was attempted to isolate pigment producing bacteria from solid food waste samples which are rich in microflora. Three isolates designated as IS-1, IS-2 and IS-3 were obtained which were later tentatively identified as Staphylococcus roseus (red pigment), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (pink pigment) and Micrococcus luteus (lemon yellow pigment), respectively on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics. Each pigment was further extracted and its antimicrobial activity was checked against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pigment produced by Staphylococcus roseus showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Hence, this red pigment has potential to be used in food industry and also in skin creams. Further work on this pigment for its feasibility in above use is in process.
Isolation and Screening of Amylase Producing Bacteria from Soil and Production of Amylase
Authors: Shaikh Swaleha A , R. Khot Dipali , Pathade G.R
Published: May 2023

Amylase falls under class of hydrolytic enzymes catalysing breakdown of starch into monosaccharide units. There are various biological sources of enzymes viz. plants, fungi and bacteria. But the preferred one is microbial source due to ease of bulk production and stability of enzymes to work at extreme environmental conditions. This study reports isolation of amylase producing bacteria from sorghum cultivated farm soil and using them for production of amylase enzyme. During the course of the study three isolates viz. AP- 1, AP-2 and AP-3 were obtained which were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus alvei and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively on the basis of morphological and biochemical characters. Amongst three isolates highest yield was obtained from Bacillus alvei which was 17.6 U/ml. Optimum conditions of pH, temperature and substrate concentration were determined for enzymatic activity. Crude enzyme samples obtained from all three isolates found to work best at 1.5% starch concentration and slightly acidic to neutral pH. The enzyme produced by B. alvei and B. cereus was found to be thermostable working best at 50 oC. In view of applications and demands of amylases in various fields further extension of study is needed for qualitative and quantitative enhancements
Studies on Emerging Contaminants in Water, Soil and Sediment Samples from selected locations of Pune District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Hassanpourfard P  , Mane A.V  , Banerjee K
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate the Emerging Contaminates (ECs), contamination levels, occurrence and fate in the water, soil and sediments samples taken from the different locations of Pune, India. The Study area includes the samples from the upstream regions to the central and further moving on to observe the changes in the downstream regions which is highly polluted. In this study the concentration of detected levels of pesticides (contaminants) were noted to be ranging from ND to 720 μg/l. Mostly, very commonly used pesticides namely HCH, Endosulfan, Parathion-methyl and Chlorpyrifos have been closely studied. This study involves the seasonal variation in the levels of the pollutants specially post monsoon. Mostly Pharmaceuticals, such as Acetaminophen, Levofloxacin, Azithromycin were present in high concentration ranging from 98μg/l, 65 μg/l, 305 μg/l respectively from the water samples collected from the Central Region, where it’s thickly populated. In comparison with developed countries like USA, it was observed that these ECs were present in the waste water 50-65% in lesser concentration than in India. This study also includes the determination of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ni, Pd and Zn) in the samples collected so to proceed further with the heavy metal accumulation and speciation studies. All of the mentioned heavy metals appeared to be above the permissible limits ranging from moderately toxic to highly toxic. This study will not only help the local authorities but also give us the understanding of how important it is to study the present condition of our water bodies and to regulate initiatives for monitoring the ECs, so to embrace and enjoy better health, life and sustainability.
A Novel Approach: Stimulatory Effect of Bioenzyme supplementation on quality of Mung bean
Authors: S. Patidar  , A. Bafna  , T. Rangwala  , N. Vyas  , R. Gupta
Published: May 2023

Organic farming nowadays is a major area of interest for research. It is the best way to restore disturbed ecological balance due to excessive use of chemicals in agriculture like fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, etc. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of eco- friendly product bioenzyme on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters of mung (Vigna radiata). A field experiment was conducted at Loharpipliya village, district Dewas (M.P.) during March-May 2022. Various dilutions of Bioenzyme were sprayed at the interval of 15 days after the two leaves stage of the plant. Four treatments were designed – Control (without any treatment), T1 (1ml bioenzyme/l water), T2 (2 ml bioenzyme/l water), and T3 (3 ml bioenzyme/l water). Photosynthetic pigments were significantly increased in all the treatments involving bioenzyme collated to control. A highly significant increment in carbohydrate and protein content in leaves of mung was reported with T2 treatment. Oxidative stress assessed in terms of MDA and proline was observed to decrease significantly with all treatments. Among all the three concentrations of bioenzyme used in the present study, the best results were obtained with the spraying of 2ml bioenzyme/l water (T2). Bioenzyme can be a good alternative for farmers to improve the quality of mung without the use of harmful chemicals to avoid adverse effects on soil and crop quality. Though further research is required for use of bioenzyme with other crops too.
Effects of Electromagnetic Radiations emitted from Cell Phone towers on Avifaunal diversity in urban landscape of Aligarh region, India
Authors: Sharma Atul , Singh Meera , Gahlaut Mani , Kumar Mukesh
Published: May 2023

A field survey was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022 in the urban area of Aligarh region to access the possible effects of electromagnetic radiations emitted from cell phone towers on the avifaunal diversity. For the purpose of study three sites were selected in this region comprising one control site without any cell phone tower. Data were collected on the basis of point count and sighting method. Calculations were carried using Shannon and Weiner’s diversity index. Electric Field strength was measured using instrument LATNEX Triple Axis HF-B3GR meter. The survey revealed high impact of electromagnetic radiations on the avifaunal species abundance and richness, behavior, breeding, feeding patterns and migration rate.
Economic feasibility of intercropping of Fenugreek (Trigonella graecum L.) with different short duration vegetable crops
Authors: A. Verma  , K. Aravindakshan  , Sharma R.K , K. Pushpa  , D. Gautam
Published: May 2023

A field experiment entitled “Economic feasibility of intercropping of Fenugreek (Trigonella graecum L.) with different short duration vegetable crops was conducted at the vegetable farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan, Jhalawar during Rabi season 2019-20. The experiment comprised of four sole crops (fenugreek, carrot, cabbage and radish) and fenugreek intercropped with carrot, cabbage and radish with three ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 2:2 with a total of thirteen treatments each replicated thrice and laid out in randomized block design. The result shows that the sole crops viz., carrot, cabbage and radish had significant effect on growth, yield and quality over different intercropping system with fenugreek. The result revealed that intercropping of fenugreek with different short duration vegetable crops (carrot, cabbage and radish) had significant effect on equivalent yield, Land equivalent ratio and system productivity as compared to sole cropping system. The treatment T5 (fenugreek + carrot 1:1) was found most effective in increasing the fenugreek equivalent yield (54.72 q/ha), LER (1.44) and the maximum net return of 219717 with B: C ratio of (4.08) as compared to T1 (sole fenugreek) cropping system. However, the treatments T6 (fenugreek + carrot 1:2) was found at par with treatment T5 for equivalent yield and LER over sole cropping of fenugreek i.e. treatment T1).
Influence of hand trimming and bunch feeding of nutrient on yield and yield attributes of banana cv. Grand Naine
Authors: Khalasi D.N , Ahlawat T.R , Pandey A.K
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the year 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Instructional Farm, ACH, and Soil and Water Management Research Unit Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) to assess the effect of hand trimming and bunch feeding on yield and yield attributes parameters of banana cv. Grand Naine. The investigation comprised of ten treatments and each treatment was repeated thrice in CRD. The treatments viz. Control (T1), KNO3 1% without trimming (T2), KNO3 2% without trimming (T3), SOP 1.5% without trimming (T4), SOP 2.0% without trimming (T5), KNO3 1% with trimming of one apical hand (T6), KNO3 2.0% with trimming of one apical hand (T7), SOP 1.5% with trimming of one apical hand (T8), SOP 2.0% with trimming of one apical hand (T9) and 300g cowdung slurry + 10g SOP +20g ammonium sulphate (T10) were imposed on banana plants of cultivar ‘Grand Naine’. Banana bunch feeding with 300g cow dung slurry + 10g SOP + 20g ammonium sulphate recorded the maximum bunch weight, fruit yield, weight of 3rd hand, finger length, finger girth and finger weight in the pooled study.
Bio remedial Process: A Review on Removal of Fluoride from the Waste Water
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Ibkar Alifia , Javid Danish , Sharma Neha , Bhatia Kashish , Prasad Panda Manmath , Khan Kamil , Rajput Prachika , Rajput Anupama
Published: May 2023

Ground water has always been an important and most dependable source of water since prehistoric ages, but with rapid industrialization to meet the needs of growing population has stressed the ground water reservoir. Stress to ground water reservoir is just one problem; industrial waste has also introduced lots of new chemical substances in water bodies. Fluorides are one such pollutant that undermines living life forms especially human beings .There are primarily two sources of fluoride contamination in ground water. Geogenic sources and anthropogenic sources. Talking about the status of fluoride contamination it can be seen in more than 25 countries worldwide. In India itself 19 states and at least 132 districts have witnessed the problem of water contamination, Fluoride contamination is also impacting the health of people adversely. Diseases like skeletal fluorosis, non –skeletal fluorosis, and dental fluorosis are the most common health problem from fluoride contamination .Due to fluoride contamination diseases in plants like Chlorosis, Necrosis is impacting plant body. Thus, to remove fluorine contamination from water we can use bioremediation process. Bioremediation strategies can be classified mainly in two categories in – situ techniques and ex –situ techniques. Its mode of action primarily includes use of microbes in processing the fluoride contamination. This shows that bioremediation has lots of advantages like it’s a natural process, cost effective etc. But it too have some disadvantages like they are highly specific and it takes longer time etc. Considering all the merits and demerits of bioremediation, it is the most effective technological tool that holds great value for the future as scientists learn more about its capabilities and the curiosity to find more appropriate methods are still going on. This review article deals with ground water pollution due to fluoride concentration. We have thoroughly reviewed on its impact on health of plants and animals and the bioremediation processes to cure the water contamination
Exploration of underutilized plants in the coastal belts of Thoothukudi and Kanniyakumari district of Tamilnadu, India
Authors: K. Manikandan  , K. Manikandan  , Rahman R. Abdul , S. Gayathri
Published: May 2023

Surveys were undertaken to explore the underutilized plants in the sodic belts of Thhothukudi and Kanniyakumari district of Tamil Nadu during 2020-21. The areas covered were inland sodic soils and coastal tract including part of coastal wetlands. Plants distributed in these lands are collected along with soil samples. Further, information such as geographical location, utility, etc. was recorded. Totally 56 plant species were collected which includes arable crops, horticultural crops, underutilized edible species, fodder crops, medicinal plants, weeds and native wild flora. The information gathered will be useful for further exploitation of these plants for sustainable farming besides the reclaiming salt affected lands in a natural way.
Scheduling of Irrigation Based on IW/CPE for Aerobic Rice – A Review
Authors: Mohana Keerthi Murugesan , Sheriff Sharmili Kather , Babu Rajagopalan
Published: May 2023

The scheduling of irrigation according to the ratio between irrigation water depth (IW) and cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) rate for aerobic rice. During these days, the shortage of water resources is increasing continually due to climate change. It has led to the adaptation of rice farming under aerobic conditions. This saves irrigation water, labour, eliminates puddling, reduces seepage, percolation losses, and methane emissions. Aerobic rice cultivars produce higher plant growth, physiological, root growth, yield, water use efficiency, productivity, and soil nutrient uptake under different (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 2, and 2.5) IW/ CPE ratios. Under these irrigation schedules, the yield of rice in aerobic soil is recorded at between 4.5 and 7.1 t ha-1 and the water use efficiency is from 25 to 70 kg ha-1. However, the decline in yield or even crop failure under continuous monocropping, weeds, nematode problems, and aerobic rice micronutrient deficiency Our important findings in aerobic rice are: (1) Scheduling of irrigation based on various IW/ CPE ratios recorded the higher rice plant height, number of tillers hill-1, dry matter production, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, root length, productive tillers, number of grains panicle-1, number of filled grain panicle-1, total number of grains panicle-1, test weight and yield; (2) The last 15 years of aerobic rice research findings focused on irrigation scheduling by IW/CPE ratio for driving economic water use; and (3) nutrient uptake increased with irrigation at more than 1.0 IW/CPE ratio with depth of 5 cm irrigation water. Declining water availability due to climate change makes it necessary to conduct more research on irrigation scheduling in rice crops in order to increase yield and water use efficiency.
Genetic variability study in advanced mutant lines of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]
Authors: Arkesh V. P , D. Lakshmana  , B. Fakrudin  , Devaraju  , M. Ganapathi
Published: May 2023

Advanced cluster bean mutant lines developed by treating seeds of Pusa Navbahar variety with gamma radiation were evaluated in randomised complete block design with two replications to study the genetic variability. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the mutant lines of cluster bean for all the characters studied. The GCV and PCV values were high (>20 %) for number of vegetable pods per plant, pod yield per plant, pod yield per plot, pod weight, dry pod yield per plant, seed yield per plant and seed yield per plot indicating the existence of broad genetic base, which would be amenable for further crop improvement. High heritability (>60 %) coupled with high genetic advance over mean (>20 %) were observed for characters viz., plant height, number of vegetable pods per plant, number of pods per cluster, pod yield per plant and seed yield per plant which indicated predominance of additive gene action for these traits and hence direct selection would be more effective in improving these traits.
Temperature-dependent Prey Consumption and Functional Response of Episyrphus balteatus De Geer (Diptera: Syrphidae) to Macrosiphum rosae L. (Homoptera: Aphididae) reared on Rosa alba L. under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Mushtaq Falak , Ali Md Niamat , Ali Khan Akhtar
Published: May 2023

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the prey consumption and functional response of the aphidophagous hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer (Diptera: Syrphidae) to different densities of fourth instar rose aphids, Macrosiphum rosae (Homoptera: Aphididae), reared on Rosa alba L. (Rosaceae) at 20 oC, 27 oC and 35 oC. The third instar of E.balteatus consumed a maximum of 51.3±0.53 M. rosae aphids at 27 oC, followed by the third instar with 46.5±0.53 aphid predation at 20 oC. The lowest handling time (Th) was noted for the third instar larvae of E. balteatus (0.407± 0.012) at 27 oC, and the maximum handling time (Th) of (0.662 ± 0.024) was noted for 2nd larvae of E. balteatus at 35 oC. The highest attack rate was noted for 3rd instar larvae (0.201± 0.014) at 27 oC, while the lowest attack rate was noted for second instar at 35 oC. Both instars of Episyrphus balteatus exhibited type II functional response at all three temperatures.
Exploring the Potential of Composting for Bioremediation of Pesticides in Agricultural Sector
Authors: Lau Yu Yan , Hernandes Erika , Kristanti Risky Ayu , Wijayanti Yureana , Emre Mehmet
Published: May 2023

The rapid expansion of the human population has raised the chemical stress on the environment due to the increased demand of agricultural yields. The use of pesticides is the primary contributor to environmental chemical stress, which is essential for agricultural expansion in order to produce enough food to sustain the burgeoning human population. Pesticide residues in soil have grown to be a subject of rising concern as a result of their high soil retention and potential harm to unintended species. Diverse remediation strategies, such as physical, chemical, and biological, for limiting and getting rid of such contaminants have been put forth to deal with this problem. Bioremediation is one of these techniques, which has been deemed the best for reducing pollution because of its low environmental impact, simplicity of operation and construction. Microorganisms are implemented in this technique to break down and get rid of toxins in the environment or to reduce the toxicity of chemical compounds. This study thoroughly analyses the different composting soil remediation methods, including landfarming, biopiles, and windrows, to reduce and eliminate soil pollution. Although biological treatment is the best option for cleaning up polluted soil, it is still important to evaluate and review the approaches over the long term to determine whether they are effective in the field. It is because the reactivity of the microorganisms is highly dependent on environmental parameters, and the contemporary environment is characterised by unpredictable weather patterns, localised droughts, and temperature fluctuations.
The Lecturers and Students’ Voice about Digital Reading
Authors: Syam Andi Tenrisanna , Furwana Dewi
Published: May 2023

This research attempts to determine whether digital reading has the same effect as traditional reading on students’ reading skill and to explain the lecturers and the students’ perceptions of digital reading. The writer applied mixed-method research. Sixty students participated as a research sample. Ten lecturers were also involved in this research. The instruments of this research were reading tests, questionnaires, and structured interviews. Reading tests were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0. The questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively using Microsoft Excel, and the structured interview was analyzed qualitatively. The writer found that digital and traditional reading does not affect students’ reading skills. It was evidenced by the t-test value being higher than the alpha (0.40 > 0.05). In contrast to many lecturers’ opinions, students do not prefer digital reading because they need more explanations from their lecturer. Meanwhile, the lecturers revealed that digital reading is useful for ongoing virtual learning. They also were confident in their ability to employ these digital readings. Both lecturers and students agree that the availability of technological tools is the key constraint they must deal with. This research hoped to give meaningful information to the government so that online readers can be facilitated with high-quality online reading materials based on their needs, interests, and behavior.
long-term effects of type 2 diabetes on quality of life
Authors: Khan Atta Muhammad , Afridi Muhammad Hussain , Nosherwan  , Zeb Shah , Khan Muhammad Abbas , Wasim Shahid
Published: May 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of Type 2 diabetes on the quality of life of 100 patients in the Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology at the Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar, Pakistan. The patients’ demographic information, medical history and associated comorbidities, and quality of life were collected and recorded. The quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) tool. The results showed that Type 2 diabetes had a significant negative impact on the physical, psychological, and social domains of the patients’ quality of life. There were significant differences between males and females in terms of physical health, psychological health, and social relationships. In addition, elderly patients reported lower scores on general health and physical activities than younger participants. These results demonstrate that Type 2 diabetes has a long-term negative effect on the quality of life of those affected and should be taken into consideration when developing treatment and prevention strategies. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of Type 2 diabetes on the quality of life of 100 patients in the Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology at the Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar, Pakistan.
Hygienic practices among consultant anesthetists in teaching hospitals of Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Kumar Gotam , Zahid Muhammad Arslan , Parkash Jai , Kainat Kainat , Khowaja Kashif Ali , Kala Chander , Nasir Huma
Published: May 2023

Background: Infection susceptibility during anesthesia administration and surgical procedures continues to be a primary cause of morbidity and mortality, despite the advent of prophylactic antibiotics and advanced technology. During surgery, nosocomial infections frequently result in sepsis, highlighting the importance of Operation Theatre (OT) sanitation. Objectives: To evaluate the hygienic practices of anesthesiologists operating in teaching hospitals in Sindh, Pakistan. Methods: Using cross-sectional design, six-month survey of consultant anesthetists in Sindh's numerous educational institutions was conducted. A thorough, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on aspects of sanitation practices including knowledge of infection control, existing practices, perceived obstacles, and adherence to guidelines. Utilizing a sequential sampling procedure, participants meeting specific eligibility criteria were selected to represent a wide range of demographics, socioeconomic statuses, and healthcare delivery contexts. Results: The study contributed to closing the disparity between global standards and actual practices, thereby aligning with the global initiative to improve anesthesia hygiene practices. A total of 83 consultants were approached, but 18 declined, culminating in the analysis of data from 65 participants. Their mean age was 49.27+11.17 years. Participants were predominantly employed in private institutions (n=43) and had an average of 13.97 (SD=10.24) years of experience (p> 0.05).
Procedural time of PPCI (wire crossing time) in acute STEMI via radial approach versus femoral approach
Authors: Khan Shah Babar , Salman Abid , Ahmad Zubair , Naqvi Syed Zain Raza , Ahmed Faizan , Bhatti Shahzad Majeed
Published: May 2023

Objective: The study aimed to compare the procedural time (wire crossing time) of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) using the radial approach versus the femoral approach. Study Design: A single-center, observational, retrospective cohort study was conducted. Setting: The study was carried out in the Cardiology Department of Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital (SGTH) in the period from July, 2022 TO December, 2022. Methods: Medical records of patients with acute STEMI who underwent PPCI using either the radial or femoral approach were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and procedural data were collected, and the primary outcome was the procedural time (wire crossing time) for each approach. Results: A total of 276 patients were included in the study, with 137 in the radial approach group and 139 in the femoral approach group. The mean procedural time (wire crossing time) was significantly longer in the radial approach group (29.6 ± 7.3 minutes) compared to the femoral approach group (24.2 ± 6.5 minutes), p<0.001. Conclusion: In patients with acute STEMI undergoing PPCI, the radial approach was associated with a longer procedural time (wire crossing time) compared to the femoral approach.
THE DRONE AND THE BEE: MAN-WOMAN RELATIONSHIP IN G. B. SHAW’S MAN AND SUPERMAN
Authors: Arif G. M. Javed
Published: May 2023

In Man and Superman, which is subtitled A Comedy and A Philosophy, G. B. Shaw is basically concerned with the issue of the relationship between men and women. He portrays women as primarily endowed with vital reproductivity and men as endowed with potential intellectuality. Though in this philosophical comedy, he expounds to some length the doctrine of Life Force, he does not attempt to approach the issue in a purely philosophical manner. He contrasts men’s intellectualism and romanticism and women’s active vitality and practical immorality, and thus his women are motivated to desire men for marriage, and his men either harbour romantic illusions about women or engage in intellectual discussion about man-woman relationship before attempting to escape from the women who are pursuing them for marriage. In the prefatory note to the play, Shaw defends men’s intellectual view of this relationship, and as the writer of this comedy, he represents women as if they are the queen bees guided by the Life Force, which forces them to mark out men as their mates and their subsequent victims. The playwright represents men as finally capitulating to such desires of women, though all for the sake of this Life Force, which is purposed to produce intellectually advanced supermen. Though Shaw uses this drone-bee relation as a motif to produce comical effects, with this he both highlights the man-woman relationship and makes it clear that this concept of the Life Force cannot be taken too seriously.
Unlocking Effective Language Learning: The Crucial Role of Engagement and its Multifaceted Components
Authors: Hiromori Tomohito
Published: May 2023

This “Opinion” discusses the importance of engagement in second language acquisition, emphasizing that motivation alone is insufficient for successful learning. Drawing on research, it highlights the multifaceted nature of engagement, examining its behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social aspects. By focusing on the central roles of behavioral and cognitive engagement, the paper demonstrates the interrelatedness of these aspects and their collective impact on learning outcomes. To foster effective foreign language learning, the author suggests leveraging these engagement characteristics and evaluating learners’ efforts from an integrated perspective.
The Physiological and Morphological Benefits of Shadowboxing
Authors: M. Croom Adam
Published: May 2023

Is shadowboxing an effective form of functional exercise? What physiological and morphological changes result from an exercise program based exclusively on shadowboxing for 3 weeks? To date, no empirical research has focused specifically on addressing these questions. Since mixed martial arts (MMA) is the fastest growing sport in the world, and since boxing and kickboxing fitness classes are among the most popular in gyms and fitness clubs worldwide, the lack of research on shadowboxing and martial arts-based fitness programs in the extant literature is a shortcoming that the present article aims to address. This case study involved a previously sedentary individual engaging in an exercise program based exclusively on shadowboxing for 3 weeks. Body composition and heart rate data were collected before, throughout, and upon completion of the 3-week exercise program to determine the effectiveness of shadowboxing for functional fitness purposes. An original shadowboxing program prepared by an Everlast Master Instructor and NASM Certified Personal Trainer (NASM-CPT) and Performance Enhancement Specialist (NASM-PES) was used for this 3-week period. The original shadowboxing program with goals, techniques, and combinations to work on throughout the 3-week program is included in this article. This case study demonstrates that a 3-week exercise program based exclusively on shadowboxing can increase aerobic capacity, muscle mass, bone mass, basal metabolic rate, and daily calorie intake, and decrease resting heart rate, fat mass, body fat percentage, and visceral fat rating in a previously sedentary individual. The results of this research demonstrate that shadowboxing can be a safe and effective form of exercise leading to morphological and physiological improvements including fat loss and increased aerobic capacity. The results of this research also demonstrate that the Tanita BC-1500 is a reliable tool for individuals to evaluate their own fitness progress over time.
Strategi Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Siswa di SMK Al-Kautsar Grogol Jombang
Authors: Berlian Intan , Masrufa Binti
Published: May 2023

This study aims 1. To describe the strategy of Islamic religious education teachers in increasing student motivation at SMK Al-Kautsar Grogol Jombang. 2. To describe students' learning motivation at SMK Al-Kautsar Grogol Jombang. 3. To describe the supporting and inhibiting factors of PAI teachers in increasing student motivation at SMK Al-Kautsar Grogol Jombang. The method used is a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive design with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, analysis was carried out and used qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the success of PAI teachers in increasing student motivation at SMK Al-Kautsar Grogol Jombang was good enough but needed to be improved. This can be seen from the fact that there are still students who fall asleep during learning and do not want to take part in PAI learning properly and cannot practice the recommendations contained in PAI learning. Therefore, PAI teachers here use several strategies such as combining various methods, giving grades, holding competitions, competition for giving praise and giving punishments that aim to increase student learning motivation.
Pelaksanaan Inovasi Pembelajaran PAI pada siswa kelas IX Di SMPN 1 Ngoro
Authors: Tamrin Husni , Himami Ahmad Shofiyul , Kholik Moh
Published: May 2023

This study aims to describe the process of implementing PAI learning innovations carried out by PAI teachers so that these innovations make it easier for teachers to convey learning and make it easier for students to accept learning, the problems raised in this study are 1. How do teachers implement method innovations and PAI learning strategies in class IX at SMPN 1 Ngoro. 2. How is the innovation of developing PAI learning evaluation for class IX students at SMPN 1 Ngoro. This study aims to 1. Identify the implementation of innovative PAI learning methods and strategies in class IX at SMPN 1 Ngoro. 2. Identify innovations in the development of PAI learning evaluations for class IX students at SMPN 1 Ngoro. The results of this study are expected to be one of the reference results to make it easier to understand the importance of making PAI learning innovations and be used as reference material for relevant future studies. This research is afield research with a qualitative approach. A qualitative approach is a series of activities or processes of disclosing something that is not yet known by using interviews, observation, documentation method, data analysis, and data validity. Research results in 1. Learning innovation is a continuous change in both methods and learning strategies, as well as taking a special approach to students so that the teaching and learning process and learning objectives can be carried out properly. 2. Innovations in the development of PAI learning evaluations carried out are looking for obstacles and solutions if there are problems so that they do not recur, besides that evaluation must also be carried out from the lesson plan to follow-up. Research conclusions, among others. 1. Implementation of PAI Learning Innovation in Class IX At SMPN 1 Ngoro seen from the different characteristics of students. 2. Learning evaluation must be carried out from the lesson plan to follow-up and carried out in the fairest way possible
Arm Reliquary from the Collection of the Armenian Diocese of Romania: on the Problem of Local Artistic Influences
Authors: Vardanyan Mariam
Published: May 2023

Հայոց եկեղեցում մարմնի մասերի ձև ունեցող մասանց պահարանները լայն գործածություն չունեն։ Միայն աջերն են, որ միշտ կիրառվում են տարբեր ծեսերի ժամանակ: Հայտնի է, որ դրանց գործածությունը ձևավորվել է արևմուտքում, թերևս IX դարի վերջից, բայց առավել կարևորում է ստացել միայն XII–XIII դարերից սկսած։
Реликварии в виде частей тела не получили широкого распространения в Армянской церкви. Во время различных ритуалов использовались только Десницы. Известно, что они стали использоваться на западе примерно с конца IX века, но большее распространение получили лишь с XII–XIII веков.
Medical English Dictionary Utilization among Contemporary Chinese Tertiary Medical Students: A Needs-Based Analysis
Authors: Su Huanan , Deng Ting
Published: May 2023

This current research exposes and analyzes the general situation of medical English dictionary utilization among contemporary Chinese tertiary medical students. Eighty medical students from a Chinese medical university took part in the research and they were asked to answer purposefully designed questionnaires. A follow-up interview was also conducted to collect further data regarding medical English dictionary utilization. The results of the current research have shown that there is a strong need of medical English dictionary utilization among contemporary Chinese tertiary medical students as well as a severe lack of guidance for medical English utilization from medical teachers in Chinese medical universities. The current research further suggests that medical teachers should also guide medical students to meet the needs of selecting proper medical English dictionaries sensibly to facilitate them to utilize their own medical English dictionaries as possible as they can in their medical English learning practice.
Governing the underground in large infrastructure projects: Project meets underground
Authors:   , Biersteker Erwin
Published: May 2023

The central research question of this study was ‘how do actors govern the underground in large infrastructure projects?’. In this dissertation, I show that project actors grapple with the governance of the underground. Two major factors emerge in explaining the struggle.
Firstly, the reductionistic philosophy of projects resulted in fragmentation of the large infrastructure project into subprojects and different phases which leads to hierarchical relationships between underground experts and project managers that are challenging to
manage and leads to different priorities throughout the different project phases in which the underground can be forgotten. Secondly, the cognitive biases of project actors point toward focus on seeing underground risks predominantly as complex, which means that project participants generally believe that all risks can be known through measurements of the underground, and consequently failing to acknowledge other types of risks that require different approaches. However, accurate and reliable data on the underground was often missing, and the results show that the relationship between project managers and underground experts is important in taming the underground. Solutions to govern the underground can be sought by thinking about ways to integrate the fragmented parts of the projects, and facilitate those conditions under which knowledge integration is fostered throughout the project. The governance of the underground can be improved by project managers steering on joint ownership and inclusivity of underground experts at the different stage of the project so they are able to provide insights into the risks of the underground. Joint ownership and inclusivity might facilitate a stronger focus on the quality of the delivery of underground assets within the scope of the project realization. To accomplish ownership and inclusivity, project managers and underground experts alike need to be aware of the various types of risks that are residing in the underground.
Prosperity with Sugar: A Strategy for Sustainable Livelihoods for Coconut Sap Farmers in the Pendekar CSR Program
Authors: Trianingrum Suci , Arifin Muhson , Primatika  , Anggoma Faries Fardian , Mubarok Ardi Maulana
Published: May 2023

This article aimed to describe the sustainable livelihood strategy of coconut sap farmers in the PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Maos CSR Program of Karangsari Sap Tappers /Penderes Badeg Karangsari (Pendekar) in Karangsari Village, Adipala District, Cilacap Regency. The method employed in this study was qualitative with a theoretical approach to CSR, empowerment, and sustainable livelihoods. Informants in this study were determined by purposive sampling,  which included 5 farmers and members of the Nira Cahaya Sejahtera Cooperative. The primary data was gathered through observation and interviews. while secondary data were obtained from CSR reports, related journals, and mass media which were then reduced and categorized based on certain themes and validated through triangulation. The results of this study indicate that 1) Coconut sap farmers in Karangsari Village already have the basic capital to survive by utilizing natural resources, specifically coconut trees which grow abundantly in Karangsari Village with a total area of 20 hectares. 2) The company provides assistance with five assets, including natural capital, human capital, financial capital, social capital, and physical capital in the coconut sap farmer empowerment Pendekar Program. 3) the SROI value for the Pendekar Program received by the company was 1: 2.33.
Monitoring of adverse drug reactions in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving oral hypoglycemic agents
Authors: Shahzad Naiyer
Published: May 2023

Background: This study intends to ascertain the prevalence and overall burden of various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) driven by oral antidiabetics for treating type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India. Methods: Patients with T2DM taking oral antidiabetic medications participated in prospective observational research. Data collection used the pretested format by the Indian pharmacovigilance program to record the history of drugs suspected to be responsible for ADRs. The causality evaluation is according to the guidelines of the Uppsala Monitoring Center and the World Health Organization. Results: This study included 424 patients with established diabetes. Female patients showed a non-significant higher percentage of ADRs (p = 0.059). Naranjo’s assessment recorded 51 suspected ADRs with significant (p = 0.042) categorical differences in casualty. According to ADR severity, there was a significant (p = 0.048) difference between moderate 8.25% (n = 35) and mild 3.80% (n = 16); however, none of the ADRs showed severity. Metformin caused abdominal discomfort, itching, and rashes, accounting for 4.95% (n = 21) of all reported adverse reactions. Gliclazide and glimepiride induced hypoglycemia, itch, and rashes, 1.65% (n = 7), abdominal pain, 1.18% (n = 5), flatulence caused by acarbose, abdominal discomfort caused by pioglitazone, and pedal edema caused by pioglitazone 1.18% (n = 5). Conclusion: ADRs due to oral antidiabetic agents are a frequent problem. Therefore, active pharmacovigilance is essential for risk identification, management, and establishing a robust antidiabetic drug ADR database.
Electrocardiography interpretation competency among medical students in Umm Al-Qura University: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Serafi Abdulhalim , Abdulrahman Osama , Alharthi Fahad , Alzahrani Muath , Alotaibi Naif , Almatrafi Muhanna , Alsaeedi Abdulaziz
Published: May 2023

Background: The interpretation and reading of Electrocardiography (ECG) is one of the core medical skills, as there could be a negative impact on the management and safety of the patients if misinterpreted. Therefore, Our study aims to assess electrocardiographic interpretation competency among medical students at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Umm Al-Qura University. Participants were under-graduated medical students. An online questionnaire was distributed in January during the 2021-2022 academic year. Results: 427 students from clinical years participated in the study, the distribution of clinical academic years was comparable, fourth year (126; 29.5%), fifth year (150; 35.1%), and sixth year (151; 35.4%). The mean score for all the students out of 10 is: (4.58, SD: 2.32). The number of students who scored 7.5 or more out of 10 (passed): 74 (17.3%). Conclusion: The under-graduated medical student’s overall performance was limited regarding their competency in ECG interpretation. Thus, it is recommended to provide more organized educational courses and supervised self-learning on the respective topic to enhance overall ECG interpretation skills.
Migration and growth :
Authors: Saraf Deepanjli , Chakrabarti Milindo
Published: May 2023

This paper examines the role of the Indian informal sector in the process of urbanisation and checks whether models of migration curated by economists are applicable in explaining their role in reducing the dualism that hinders development. The study has been limited to the Indian urban sector (non-agriculture) and the analysis is based on several data sources. Calculated wage differences in the workforce show a persistent urban-rural wage gap over a span of time; the wage gap between regular/ salaried employees and casual labour present at any point of time captures the informalisation of the urban economy. Labour segregation based on skill set and the bifurcation of migrants based on duration of stay are two factors missed by models of migration. The results reveal a substantial contribution by the informal sector in the urbanisation process, in which low-income unskilled rural migrants execute a noteworthy role. In addition, these results share the failure of models of migration to explain the continuation of the informal economy in India.
Protection of people displaced from India’s sinking islands :
Authors: Bhardwaj Chhaya
Published: May 2023

In this article, the authors comment on the interlinkages between human rights and the protection of people on sinking islands in India. Currently, at least two islands in India – Sagar and Ghoramara are on the brink of disappearance due to rising sea levels and coastal erosion in the region. The complete sinking or disappearance of these islands will displace the current residents of these islands. Currently, there is a lack of a relocation or rehabilitation policy to protect people affected by sea-level rise or climate change. The rising sea levels and a lack of policy negatively impact the human rights of the residents of these islands. Against these facts, the authors in this article explore the human rights guaranteed under part III of the Constitution of India that may be applied to protect people displaced from Sagar and Ghoramara. One of the ways to protect these residents is by relocating or resettling them in mainland India in a place that is not prone to hazards. The right to life and equality guaranteed by the Constitution have been previously applied to protect people displaced by other disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. Given their historical application and success, these two fundamental (human) rights can be applied to protect people from sinking islands without a central policy or law to protect the residents of Sagar and Ghoramara.
Lived experiences of Kashmiri pandit women :
Authors: Dhar Ashani
Published: May 2023

Migration, whether forced or voluntary, has been an intrinsic part of the broader processes of social change across the world. However, there is a marked difference in the way different forms of migration are conceptualised and the resultant implication that it has. For instance, the difference between refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) and the expected role of the state in dealing with them. Officially termed 'migrants', the Kashmiri Pandit community – originally belonging to the now Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India, is a quintessential example of a community that was forcibly displaced and forced into a life of exile in their own country over three decades ago. The exilic conditions that characterised their lives have left an indelible print on their minds and have shaped their life discourses polemically, in the forms of ruptured social fabric, disoriented identity, barriers to education, healthcare and restricted labour market opportunities. Although displacement affected the entire community at large, the impact of displacement was experienced differentially. This difference stemmed from gender, the social capital they possessed, educational qualifications that they had, their place of residence (rural or urban) and the quality of social networks they had access to. The most explicit difference can be seen between those who were set up in tents that were sunk in filth and were a breeding ground for disease and ill-health versus those who were displaced but never had to live in 'migrant camps'. But even within these two groups, there are apparent differences in the lives of men and women. The challenges of everyday life are felt more acutely by women who have had to navigate the murky waters of patriarchy in addition to physical displacement.  And yet, available literature on the subject is androcentric and homogenising in nature. The paper attempts to shed light on the manner and the source for the differential impact of displacement as seen through the impact of displacement on health, education and employment, which are more pronounced for women than men.