bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HDL Function across the Lifespan: From Childhood, to Pregnancy, to Old Age
Authors: Hong Brian V. , Zheng Jingyuan , Zivkovic Angela M.
Published: October 2023

The function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles has emerged as a promising therapeutic target and the measurement of HDL function is a promising diagnostic across several disease states. The vast majority of research on HDL functional biology has focused on adult participants with underlying chronic diseases, whereas limited research has investigated the role of HDL in childhood, pregnancy, and old age. Yet, it is apparent that functional HDL is essential at all life stages for maintaining health. In this review, we discuss current data regarding the role of HDL during childhood, pregnancy and in the elderly, how disturbances in HDL may lead to adverse health outcomes, and knowledge gaps in the role of HDL across these life stages.
Changes in the Endophytic Bacterial Community of Brassica rapa after Application of Systemic Insecticides
Authors: Salam Md. Tareq Bin , Kataoka Ryota
Published: October 2023

Insecticides not only control target pests but also adversely affect non-target communities including humans, animals, and microbial communities in host plants and soils. The effect of insecticides on non-target communities, especially endophytic bacterial communities, remains poorly understood. Two phases of treatments were conducted to compare the trends in endophytic bacterial response after insecticide application. Endophytic bacteria were isolated at 2 and 4 weeks after germination. Most insecticide treatments showed a declining trend in bacterial diversity and abundance, whereas an increasing trend was observed in the control. Therefore, insecticide use negatively affected non-target endophytic bacterial communities. Bacillus spp. was mostly dominant in the early stage in both insecticide treatment and control groups. Nevertheless, in the matured stage, mostly bacteria including Pseudomonas spp., Priestia spp. were dominant in groups treated with high insecticide concentrations. Therefore, plants can regulate and moderate their microbiome during their lifecycle depending on surrounding environmental conditions.
CRISPR/Cas9 Editing Sites Identification and Multi-Elements Association Analysis in Camellia sinensis
Authors: Li Haozhen , Song Kangkang , Li Bin , Zhang Xiaohua , Wang Di , Dong Shaolin , Yang Long
Published: October 2023

CRISPR/Cas9 is an efficient genome-editing tool, and the identification of editing sites and potential influences in the Camellia sinensis genome have not been investigated. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to characterise the Camellia sinensis genome including editing sites, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), G-quadruplexes (GQ), gene density, and their relationships. A total of 248,134,838 potential editing sites were identified in the genome, and five PAM types, AGG, TGG, CGG, GGG, and NGG, were observed, of which 66,665,912 were found to be specific, and they were present in all structural elements of the genes. The characteristic region of high GC content, GQ density, and PAM density in contrast to low gene density and SSR density was identified in the chromosomes in the joint analysis, and it was associated with secondary metabolites and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. CRISPR/Cas9, as a technology to drive crop improvement, with the identified editing sites and effector elements, provides valuable tools for functional studies and molecular breeding in Camellia sinensis.
miR-103-3p Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts by Targeting BTG2
Authors: He Yulin , Yang Peiyu , Yuan Tiantian , Zhang Lin , Yang Gongshe , Jin Jianjun , Yu Taiyong
Published: October 2023

Skeletal muscle, a vital and intricate organ, plays a pivotal role in maintaining overall body metabolism, facilitating movement, and supporting normal daily activities. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that microRNA (miRNA) holds a crucial role in orchestrating skeletal muscle growth. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the influence of miR-103-3p on myogenesis. In our study, the overexpression of miR-103-3p was found to stimulate proliferation while suppressing differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts. Conversely, the inhibition of miR-103-3p expression yielded contrasting effects. Through bioinformatics analysis, potential binding sites of miR-103-3p with the 3’UTR region of BTG anti-proliferative factor 2 (BTG2) were predicted. Subsequently, dual luciferase assays conclusively demonstrated BTG2 as the direct target gene of miR-103-3p. Further investigation into the role of BTG2 in C2C12 myoblasts unveiled that its overexpression impeded proliferation and encouraged differentiation in these cells. Notably, co-transfection experiments showcased that the overexpression of BTG2 could counteract the effects induced by miR-103-3p. In summary, our findings elucidate that miR-103-3p promotes proliferation while inhibiting differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts by targeting BTG2.
Changes in Dental Biofilm Proteins’ Secondary Structure in Groups of People with Different Cariogenic Situations in the Oral Cavity and Using Medications by Means of Synchrotron FTIR-Microspectroscopy
Authors: Seredin Pavel , Goloshchapov Dmitry , Kashkarov Vladimir , Lukin Anatoly , Peshkov Yaroslav , Ippolitov Ivan , Ippolitov Yuri , Litvinova Tatiana , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Chae Boknam , Freitas Raul O.
Published: October 2023

This work unveils the idea that the cariogenic status of the oral cavity (the presence of active caries lesions) can be predicted via a lineshape analysis of the infrared spectral signatures of the secondary structure of proteins in dental biofilms. These spectral signatures that work as natural markers also show strong sensitivity to the application in patients of a so-called modulator—a medicinal agent (a pelleted mineral complex with calcium glycerophosphate). For the first time, according to our knowledge, in terms of deconvolution of the complete spectral profile of the amide I and amide II bands, significant intra- and intergroup differences were determined in the secondary structure of proteins in the dental biofilm of patients with a healthy oral cavity and with a carious pathology. This allowed to conduct a mathematical assessment of the spectral shifts in proteins’ secondary structure in connection with the cariogenic situation in the oral cavity and with an external modulation. It was shown that only for the component parallel β-strands in the amide profile of the biofilm, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) change in its percentage weight (composition) was registered in a cariogenic situation (presence of active caries lesions). Note that no significant differences were detected in a normal situation (control) and in the presence of a carious pathology before and after the application of the modulator. The change in the frequency and percentage weight of parallel β-strands in the spectra of dental biofilms proved to be the result of the presence of cariogenic mutans streptococci in the film as well as of the products of their metabolism—glucan polymers. We foresee that the results presented here can inherently provide the basis for the infrared spectral diagnosis of changes (shifts) in the oral microbiome driven by the development of the carious process in the oral cavity as well as for the choice of optimal therapeutic treatments of caries based on microbiome-directed prevention measures.
Effects of Mitochondrial Transplantation on Transcriptomics in a Polymicrobial Sepsis Model
Authors: Kim Seongmin , Noh Ji Heon , Lee Min Ji , Park Ye Jin , Kim Bo Mi , Kim Yun-Seok , Hwang Sangik , Park Chungoo , Kim Kyuseok
Published: October 2023

Previously, we demonstrated that mitochondrial transplantation has beneficial effects in a polymicrobial sepsis model. However, the mechanism has not been fully investigated. Mitochondria have their own genes, and genomic changes in sepsis are an important issue in terms of pathophysiology, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. To investigate the changes in transcriptomic features after mitochondrial transplantation in a polymicrobial sepsis model, we used a rat model of fecal slurry polymicrobial sepsis. Total RNA from splenocytes of sham-operated (SHAM, n = 10), sepsis-induced (SEPSIS, n = 7), and sepsis receiving mitochondrial transplantation (SEPSIS + MT, n = 8) samples was extracted and we conducted a comparative transcriptome-wide analysis between three groups. We also confirmed these results with qPCR. In terms of percentage of mitochondrial mapped reads, the SEPSIS + MT group had a significantly higher mapping ratio than the others. RT1-M2 and Cbln2 were identified as highly expressed in SEPSIS + MT compared with SEPSIS. Using SHAM expression levels as another control variable, we further identified six genes (Fxyd4, Apex2l1, Kctd4, 7SK, SNORD94, and SNORA53) that were highly expressed after sepsis induction and observed that their expression levels were attenuated by mitochondrial transplantation. Changes in transcriptomic features were identified after mitochondrial transplantation in sepsis. This might provide a hint for exploring the mechanism of mitochondrial transplantation in sepsis.
A New Approach to the Quantification of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23—An Array Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Biosensor
Authors: Tokarzewicz Anna , Ołdak Łukasz , Młynarczyk Grzegorz , Klekotka Urszula , Gorodkiewicz Ewa
Published: October 2023

A new biosensor based on the “surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi)” detection technique for the quantification of “fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)” has been developed. FGF23 is mainly produced in bone tissues as a phosphaturic hormone that forms a trimeric complex with “fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)” and αKlotho upon secretion. FGF23 stimulates phosphate excretion and inhibits the formation of active vitamin D in the kidneys. FGF23 has been shown to play a role in bone carcinogenesis and metastasis. The newly developed method, based on the array SPRi biosensor, was validated—the precision, accuracy, and selectivity were acceptable, and yielded less than ±10% recovery. The rectilinear response of the biosensor ranges from 1 to 75 pg/mL. The limit of detection was 0.033 pg/mL, and the limit of quantification was 0.107 pg/mL. The biosensor was used to determine FGF23 concentrations in the blood plasma of healthy subjects and patients with “clear cell” renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The obtained results were compared with those measured through an “enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)”. The determined Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.994 and 0.989, demonstrating that the newly developed biosensor can be used as a competitive method for the ELISA.
Polyamines in Ovarian Aging and Disease
Authors: Kang Bo , Wang Xin , An Xiaoguang , Ji Chengweng , Ling Weikang , Qi Yuxin , Li Shuo , Jiang Dongmei
Published: October 2023

Ovarian aging and disease-related decline in fertility are challenging medical and economic issues with an increasing prevalence. Polyamines are a class of polycationic alkylamines widely distributed in mammals. They are small molecules essential for cell growth and development. Polyamines alleviate ovarian aging through various biological processes, including reproductive hormone synthesis, cell metabolism, programmed cell death, etc. However, an abnormal increase in polyamine levels can lead to ovarian damage and promote the development of ovarian disease. Therefore, polyamines have long been considered potential therapeutic targets for aging and disease, but their regulatory roles in the ovary deserve further investigation. This review discusses the mechanisms by which polyamines ameliorate human ovarian aging and disease through different biological processes, such as autophagy and oxidative stress, to develop safe and effective polyamine targeted therapy strategies for ovarian aging and the diseases.
Low-Cost Hyperspectral Imaging Device for Portable Remote Sensing
Authors: Pechlivani Eleftheria Maria , Papadimitriou Athanasios , Pemas Sotirios , Giakoumoglou Nikolaos , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: October 2023

Hyperspectral imaging has revolutionized various scientific fields by enabling a detailed analysis of objects and materials based on their spectral signatures. However, the high cost and complexity of commercial hyperspectral camera systems limit their accessibility to researchers and professionals. In this paper, a do-it-yourself (DIY) hyperspectral camera device that offers a cost-effective and user-friendly alternative to hyperspectral imaging is presented. The proposed device leverages off-the-shelf components, commercially available hardware parts, open-source software, and novel calibration techniques to capture and process hyperspectral imaging data. The design considerations, hardware components, and construction process are discussed, providing a comprehensive guide for building the device. Furthermore, the performance of the DIY hyperspectral camera is investigated through experimental evaluations with a multi-color 3D-printed box in order to validate its sensitivities to red, green, blue, orange and white colors.
Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Porcine Aortic Valvular Endothelial and Interstitial Cells
Authors: Kwon Jennie H. , Atteya Miriam , Mitta Alekhya , Vogel Andrew D. , Norris Russell A. , Rajab Taufiek Konrad
Published: October 2023

Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) in the myocardium has been thoroughly researched, especially in acute coronary syndrome and heart transplantation. However, our understanding of IRI implications on cardiac valves is still developing. This knowledge gap becomes even more pronounced given the advent of partial heart transplantation, a procedure designed to implant isolated human heart valves in young patients. This study aims to investigate the effects of IRI on aortic valvular endothelial cells (VECs), valvular interstitial cells (VICs), and whole leaflet cultures (no separation of VECs and VICs). We employed two conditions: hypoxic cold storage reperfusion (HCSR) and normothermia (NT). Key markers, secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) (osteonectin), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS2) were evaluated. In the isolated cells under HCSR, VICs manifested a significant 15-fold elevation in SPARC expression compared to NT (p = 0.0016). Conversely, whole leaflet cultures exhibited a 1-fold increment in SPARC expression in NT over HCSR (p = 0.0011). iNOS2 expression in VECs presented a marginal rise in HCSR, whereas, in whole leaflet settings, there was a 1-fold ascent in NT compared to HCSR (p = 0.0003). Minor escalations in the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), E-selection, and P-selection were detected in HCSR for whole leaflet cultures, albeit without statistical significance. Additionally, under HCSR, VICs released a markedly higher quantity of IL-6 and IL-8, with respective p-values of 0.0033 and <0.0001. Interestingly, the IL-6 levels in VECs remained consistent across both HCSR and NT conditions. These insights lay the groundwork for understanding graft IRI following partial heart transplantation and hint at the interdependent dynamic of VECs and VICs in valvular tissue.
Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Formation Obstacle Avoidance Control Using Event-Triggered Model Predictive Control
Authors: Wang Linling , Xu Xiaoyan , Han Bing , Zhang Huapeng
Published: October 2023

In this paper, multiple autonomous underwater vehicle (multi-AUV) formation control with obstacle avoidance ability in 3D complex underwater environments based on an event-triggered model predictive control (EMPC) is proposed. Firstly, multi-AUV motion model systems are developed. The navigation reference trajectory of the follower AUVs can be obtained using a multi-AUV relative motion model. Secondly, in order to overcome the speed jump and obstacle avoidance problem in multi-AUV systems, compatibility constraints are presented in MPC that limit the uncertainty deviation of each AUV. The event-triggered mechanism (ET) is designed to decrease the computational load, which is based on the error between the optimal predicted and current state of the AUV. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are confirmed via simulation and compared with those of other algorithms.
Fungi under Modified Atmosphere—The Effects of CO2 Stress on Cell Membranes and Description of New Yeast Stenotrophomyces fumitolerans gen. nov., sp. nov.
Authors: Heidler von Heilborn David , Reinmüller Jessica , Yurkov Andrey , Stehle Peter , Moeller Ralf , Lipski André
Published: October 2023

High levels of carbon dioxide are known to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. A total of twenty strains of filamentous fungi and yeasts were isolated from habitats with enriched carbon dioxide concentration. Most strains were derived from modified atmosphere packed (MAP) food products or mofettes and were cultivated under an atmosphere of 20% CO2 and 80% O2. The influence of CO2 on fungal cell membrane fatty acid profiles was examined in this study. Major changes were the increase in linolenic acid (C18:3 cis 9, 12, 15) and, additionally in most strains, linoleic acid (C18:2 cis 9, 12) with a maximum of 24.8%, at the expense of oleic (C18:1 cis 9), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1 cis 9) and stearic acid (C18:0). The degree of fatty acid unsaturation increased for all of the strains in the study, which consequently led to lower melting temperatures of the cell membranes after incubation with elevated levels of CO2, indicating fluidization of the membrane and a potential membrane malfunction. Growth was reduced in 18 out of 20 strains in laboratory experiments and a change in pigmentation was observed in several strains. Two of the isolated strains, strain WT5 and strain WR1, were found to represent a hitherto undescribed yeast for which the new genus and species Stenotrophomyces fumitolerans (MB# 849906) is proposed.
Demystifying Translanguaging
Authors: Holcomb Leala , Lawyer Gloshanda , Dostal Hannah M.
Published: October 2023

From the inception of this Special Issue on translanguaging in deaf communities, we noted that translanguaging is a rapidly evolving field with a broad focus [...]
On Expletive mismo
Authors: Eguren Luis , Sánchez López Cristina
Published: October 2023

This paper deals with the so-called ‘expletive’ mismo ‘same’, a non-comparative emphatic use of the prenominal adjective in appositions, which is currently attested in many varieties of American Spanish (e.g., Finalmente, Laura se sentó y aceptó el cigarrillo, mismo que nunca encendió ‘lit. Laura finally sat down and accepted the cigarette, same that she never lighted up’). On the basis of corpus data, the geographical distribution of this form is precisely specified, and a novel analysis of its interpretive and combinatorial properties is provided. It is argued, in particular, that expletive mismo functions as an anaphoric reinforcer that is preceded by a null definite determiner and combines with an empty noun that takes a restrictive relative clause as its complement.
Maternal and Newborn Characteristics—A Comparison between Healthy and Thrombophilic Pregnancy
Authors: Samfireag Miruna , Potre Ovidiu , Potre Cristina , Moleriu Radu-Dumitru , Petre Izabella , Borsi Ema , Hoinoiu Teodora , Petre Ion , Popoiu Tudor-Alexandru , Iurciuc Stela , Anghel Andrei
Published: October 2023

A thrombophilic woman is more likely to experience difficulties during pregnancy, difficulties that will also affect the development of the newborn. This study aims to compare maternal and newborn characteristics between healthy and thrombophilic pregnancy. The following characteristics were analysed: maternal characteristics (BMI- body mass index, haemostasis parameters, thrombophilia-specific treatment) and newborn characteristics (gestational period, birth weight, the Apgar score). This follow-up study spanning five years, from 2018 to 2022, focuses on a cohort of 500 women who underwent delivery hospitalization in the western region of Romania. The maternal characteristics influence the newborn: the greater the weight of the mother with thrombophilia, the more the chances that the fetus will have a lower birth weight; increasing the dose of LMWH (low molecular weight heparin), connected with the necessity to control the homeostasis parameters, the more likely the fetus will be born with a lower birth weight. A pregnant woman with thrombophilia, treated appropriately, having a normal weight, and not presenting other risk factors independent of thrombophilia, will have a newborn with characteristics similar to a healthy pregnant woman.
Dynamical Sphere Regrouping Particle Swarm Optimization: A Proposed Algorithm for Dealing with PSO Premature Convergence in Large-Scale Global Optimization
Authors: Rivera Martín Montes , Guerrero-Mendez Carlos , Lopez-Betancur Daniela , Saucedo-Anaya Tonatiuh
Published: October 2023

Optimizing large-scale numerical problems is a significant challenge with numerous real-world applications. The optimization process is complex due to the multi-dimensional search spaces and possesses several locally optimal regions. In response to this issue, various metaheuristic algorithms and variations have been developed, including evolutionary and swarm intelligence algorithms and hybrids of different artificial intelligence techniques. Previous studies have shown that swarm intelligence algorithms like PSO perform poorly in high-dimensional spaces, even with algorithms focused on reducing the search space. However, we propose a modified version of the PSO algorithm called Dynamical Sphere Regrouping PSO (DSRegPSO) to avoid stagnation in local optimal regions. DSRegPSO is based on the PSO algorithm and modifies inertial behavior with a regrouping dynamical sphere mechanism and a momentum conservation physics effect. These behaviors maintain the swarm’s diversity and regulate the exploration and exploitation of the search space while avoiding stagnation in optimal local regions. The DSRegPSO mechanisms mimic the behavior of birds, moving particles similar to birds when they look for a new food source. Additionally, the momentum conservation effect mimics how birds react to collisions with the boundaries in their search space or when they are looking for food. We evaluated DSRegPSO by testing 15 optimizing functions with up to 1000 dimensions of the CEC’13 benchmark, a standard for evaluating Large-Scale Global Optimization used in Congress on Evolutionary Computation, and several journals. Our proposal improves the behavior of all variants of PSO registered in the toolkit of comparison for CEC’13 and obtains the best result in the non-separable functions against all the algorithms.
Bifurcations and Exact Solutions of the Generalized Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan Equation with the Polynomial Law
Authors: Yu Mengke , Chen Cailiang , Zhang Qiuyan
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation with polynomial law using the method of dynamical systems. By using traveling-wave transformation, the model can be converted into a singular integrable traveling-wave system. Then, we discuss the dynamical behavior of the associated regular system and we obtain bifurcations of the phase portraits of the traveling-wave system under different parameter conditions. Finally, under different parameter conditions, we obtain the exact periodic solutions, and the peakon, homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions.
The Impact of Age on the Physiological Assessment of Borderline Coronary Stenoses
Authors: Zasada Wojciech , Zdzierak Barbara , Rakowski Tomasz , Bobrowska Beata , Krawczyk-Ożóg Agata , Surowiec Sławomir , Bartuś Stanisław , Surdacki Andrzej , Dziewierz Artur
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives: Coronary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD). In the case of borderline changes, patients require further diagnosis through ischemia assessment via one of the recommended methods of invasive evaluation. This study aimed to assess whether clinical factors influence the risk of a positive result in invasive myocardial ischemia assessment and if these potential factors change with the patient’s age and the consistency of ischemia assessment. Materials and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively on all consecutive patients hospitalized in the University Hospital in Krakow between 2020 and 2021, on whom physiological assessments of coronary circulation were performed. Patients were divided into two groups: patients aged 60 or younger and patients older than 60. Results: Despite the older patients having more risk factors for CAD, their physiological assessment results of borderline lesions were similar to those of the younger patients. Positive fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessments were obtained from almost 50% of vessels. In the younger patients, cigarette use and type 2 diabetes mellitus increased the risk of a positive FFR result by 3.5 and 2.5 times, respectively. In the older patients, male gender and peripheral vascular disease significantly increased the risk of a positive FFR by 2.5 and 2 times, respectively. Conclusions: Clinical characteristics of patients undergoing physiological assessment of borderline coronary stenosis varied significantly by age. Refining the definition of borderline lesions to include age, gender, and other factors may improve the identification of patients who would benefit from physiological assessment and coronary revascularization.
MEMS Differential Pressure Sensor with Dynamic Pressure Canceler for Precision Altitude Estimation
Authors: Yasunaga Shun , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Takahata Tomoyuki , Shimoyama Isao
Published: October 2023

Atmospheric pressure measurements based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) can extend accessibility to altitude information. A differential pressure sensor using a thin cantilever and an air chamber is a promising sensing element for sub-centimeter resolution. However, its vulnerability to wind and the lack of height estimation algorithms for real-time operation are issues that remain to be solved. We propose a sensor “cap” that cancels the wind effect and noise by utilizing the airflow around a sphere. A set of holes on the spherical cap transmits only the atmospheric pressure to the sensor. In addition, we have developed a height estimation method based on a discrete transfer function model. As a result, both dynamic pressure and noise are suppressed, and height is estimated under a 5 m/s wind, reconstructing the trajectory with an estimation error of 2.8 cm. The developed sensing system enhances height information in outdoor applications such as unmanned aerial vehicles and wave height measurements.
Multiphysics Modeling and Analysis of Sc-Doped AlN Thin Film Based Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer by Finite Element Method
Authors: Liu Xiaonan , Zhang Qiaozhen , Chen Mingzhu , Liu Yaqi , Zhu Jianqiu , Yang Jiye , Wang Feifei , Tang Yanxue , Zhao Xiangyong
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a Piezoelectric micromechanical ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) based on a Pt/ScAlN/Mo/SiO2/Si/SiO2/Si multilayer structure with a circular suspension film of scandium doped aluminum nitride (ScAlN). Multiphysics modeling using the finite element method and analysis of the effect of different Sc doping concentrations on the resonant frequency, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (keff2) and the station sensitivity of the PMUT cell are performed. The calculation results show that the resonant frequency of the ScAlN-based PMUT can be above 20 MHz and its keff2 monotonically rise with the increasing doping concentrations in ScAlN. In comparison to the pure AlN thin film-based PMUT, the static receiving sensitivity of the PMUT based on ScAlN thin film with 35% Sc doping concentration is up to 1.61 mV/kPa. Meanwhile, the static transmitting sensitivity of the PMUT is improved by 152.95 pm/V. Furthermore, the relative pulse-echo sensitivity level of the 2 × 2 PMUT array based on the Sc doping concentration of 35% AlN film is improved by 16 dB compared with that of the cell with the same Sc concentration. The investigation results demonstrate that the performance of PMUT on the proposed structure can be tunable and enhanced by a reasonable choice of the Sc doping concentration in ScAlN films and structure optimization, which provides important guidelines for the design of PMUT for practical applications.
An L-Slot Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Based on MEMS Technology
Authors: Chen Yu , Guo Honglei , Liu Yanfei , Li Jing , Zhan Yongxin , Wu Qiannan , Li Mengwei
Published: October 2023

Given the shortage of spectrum resources and the demand for communication systems of diminutive size, multi-function, and adaptive characteristics, this paper proposes an L-slot frequency reconfigurable antenna based on the MEMS switch. The antenna size is 4.07 × 5.27 mm2 and is suitable for the U-band. The antenna structure consists of two RF MEMS switches, a Rogers RT5880 dielectric substrate, an L-slot patch, and a full-coverage ground. The switch is of a series contact structure and is arranged at the corner of an L-slot. By controlling the on and off state of the switch, the antenna can switch between four states of 42.36, 47.65, 53.13, and 56.72 GHz. According to the simulation results in CST STUDIO SUITE 2018, the maximum gain of the antenna is 7.90 dB, the impedance bandwidth of each state is above 1 GHz, and the direction is mainly consistent. The antenna can meet the demand for multi-frequency millimeter wave communication.
Haloalkalitolerant Fungi from Sediments of the Big Tambukan Saline Lake (Northern Caucasus): Diversity and Antimicrobial Potential
Authors: Georgieva Marina L. , Bilanenko Elena N. , Ponizovskaya Valeria B. , Kokaeva Lyudmila Y. , Georgiev Anton A. , Efimenko Tatiana A. , Markelova Natalia N. , Kuvarina Anastasia E. , Sadykova Vera S.
Published: October 2023

We have performed a characterization of cultivated haloalkalitolerant fungi from the sediments of Big Tambukan Lake in order to assess their biodiversity and antimicrobial activity. This saline, slightly alkaline lake is known as a source of therapeutic sulfide mud used in sanatoria of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, Russia. Though data on bacteria and algae observed in this lake are available in the literature, data on fungi adapted to the conditions of the lake are lacking. The diversity of haloalkalitolerant fungi was low and represented by ascomycetes of the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chordomyces, Emericellopsis, Fusarium, Gibellulopsis, Myriodontium, Penicillium, and Pseudeurotium. Most of the fungi were characterized by moderate alkaline resistance, and they tolerated NaCl concentrations up to 10% w/v. The analysis of the antimicrobial activity of fungi showed that 87.5% of all strains were active against Bacillus subtilis, and 39.6% were also determined to be effective against Escherichia coli. The majority of the strains were also active against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, about 66.7% and 62.5%, respectively. These studies indicate, for the first time, the presence of polyextremotolerant fungi in the sediments of Big Tambukan Lake, which probably reflects their involvement in the formation of therapeutic muds.
Surface Activity, Wetting, and Aggregation of a Perfluoropolyether Quaternary Ammonium Salt Surfactant with a Hydroxyethyl Group
Authors: Dou Jiangxun , Liu Jiaoyan , Wang Yan , Zhi Lifei , Shen Jixian , Wang Guoyong
Published: October 2023

This paper reports the synthesis of a novel quaternary surfactant containing a hydroxyethyl group (PFPE-C) and the surface properties of its aqueous solution (investigated by comparisons with two structurally similar chemicals, dodecyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylammonium chloride (DHDAC) and PFPE-A). The minimum surface tension (γCMC) and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the PFPE-C aqueous solution were 17.35 mN/m and 0.024 mmol/L, respectively. This study confirms that surfactants containing hydroxyethyl groups efficiently reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions, and fluorocarbon surfactants exhibit better surface activity than ordinary hydrocarbon surfactants with similar structures. The micellization, aggregation, air-water interfacial adsorption, and wettability of PFPE-C aqueous solutions have been systematically investigated. Highly concentrated PFPE-C aqueous solutions exhibit good wettability on PTFE and paraffin films. Moreover, the aggregates of PFPE-C in the aqueous solution were clearly seen as vesicles on Cryo-TEM micrographs. Primary biodegradation results indicate that 19% of PFPC-C can be degraded within one week.
Two New Lactam Derivatives from Micromelum falcatum (Lour.) Tan. with Brine Shrimp Larvae Toxicity
Authors: Liu Bin , Jin Xiaobao , Chen Xiaohong , Wang Xin , Zhang Wenbo , Luo Xiongming
Published: October 2023

Chemical investigation of the stems of Micromelum falcatum (Lour.) Tan. led to the isolation of two new lactam derivatives, named 3-(hydroxy(10-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-4-(16-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (1) and 3-(hydroxy(10-hydroxy-9-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-4-(16-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (2), along with five known compounds, trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (3), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4), m-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (6), and gallic acid (7). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic studies, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum, mass spectrometry (MS) data, ultraviolet (UV) spectrum, infrared (IR) data, and comparison with the literature. All compounds were evaluated for toxicity against brine shrimp larvae and cytotoxicity to HeLa and HepG-2 cells. Compounds 1–2 exhibited moderate brine shrimp larvae toxicity with an LC50 value of 50.6 and 121.8 μg mL−1, respectively.
Safeguarding against Dementia in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities through the Optimisation of Primary Health Care: A Project Protocol
Authors: Hornby-Turner Yvonne C. , Russell Sarah G. , Quigley Rachel , Matthews Veronica , Larkins Sarah , Hayman Noel , Lakhan Prabha , Flicker Leon , Smith Kate , McKeown Dallas , Cadet-James Diane , Cass Alan , Garvey Gail , LoGiudice Dina , Miller Gavin , Strivens Edward
Published: October 2023

This protocol describes the methodology and methods for a collaborative project with eight Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health care (PHC) organisations, across three Australian states and one territory, to increase clinical service performance and access to preventive health and health promotion services for preventing, identifying, treating, and managing dementia risk in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Aboriginal participatory action research (APAR) methodology will be the framework for this project, incorporating continuous quality improvement (CQI), informed by research yarning with stakeholder groups, comprising community members and PHC staff and service providers and data collected from the auditing of client health records and the mapping of existing clinical processes and health services at each partnering PHC organisation. The qualitative and quantitative data will be summarised and discussed with stakeholder groups. Priorities will be identified and broken down into tangible PHC organisation deliverable strategies and programs, which will be co-developed with stakeholder groups and implemented cyclically over 24 months using the Plan, Do, Study, Act model of change. Key project outcome measures include increased clinical service performance and availability of preventive health and health promotion services for safeguarding against dementia. Project implementation will be evaluated for quality and transparency from an Indigenous perspective using an appropriate appraisal tool. The project processes, impact, and sustainability will be evaluated using the RE-AIM framework. A dementia safeguarding framework and accompanying tool kit will be developed from this work to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander PHC organisations to identify, implement, and evaluate dementia safeguarding practice and service improvements on a broader scale.
Strong Coupling Dynamics of a Quantum Emitter near a Topological Insulator Nanoparticle
Authors: Thanopulos Ioannis , Yannopapas Vassilios , Paspalakis Emmanuel
Published: October 2023

We study the spontaneous emission dynamics of a quantum emitter near a topological insulator Bi2Se3 spherical nanoparticle. Using the electromagnetic Green’s tensor method, we find exceptional Purcell factors of the quantum emitter up to 1010 at distances between the emitter and the nanoparticle as large as half the nanoparticle’s radius in the terahertz regime. We study the spontaneous emission evolution of a quantum emitter for various transition frequencies in the terahertz and various vacuum decay rates. For short vacuum decay times, we observe non-Markovian spontaneous emission dynamics, which correspond perfectly to values of well-established measures of non-Markovianity and possibly indicate considerable dynamical quantum speedup. The dynamics turn progressively Markovian as the vacuum decay times increase, while in this regime, the non-Markovianity measures are nullified, and the quantum speedup vanishes. For the shortest vacuum decay times, we find that the population remains trapped in the emitter, which indicates that a hybrid bound state between the quantum emitter and the continuum of electromagnetic modes as affected by the nanoparticle has been formed. This work demonstrates that a Bi2Se3 spherical nanoparticle can be a nanoscale platform for strong light–matter coupling.
Advanced Etching Techniques of LiNbO3 Nanodevices
Authors: Shen Bowen , Hu Di , Dai Cuihua , Yu Xiaoyang , Tan Xiaojun , Sun Jie , Jiang Jun , Jiang Anquan
Published: October 2023

Single LiNbO3 (LNO) crystals are widely utilized in surface acoustic wave devices, optoelectronic devices, and novel ferroelectric memory devices due to their remarkable electro-optic and piezoelectric properties, and high saturation and remnant polarizations. However, challenges remain regarding their nanofabrication that hinder their applications. The prevailing etching techniques for LNO encompass dry etching, wet etching, and focused-ion-beam etching, each having distinct merits and demerits. Achieving higher etching rates and improved sidewall angles presents a challenge in LNO nanofabrication. Building upon the current etching researches, this study explores various etching methods using instruments capable of generating diverse plasma densities, such as dry etching in reactive ion etching (RIE) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP), proton exchange-enhanced etching, and wet chemical etching following high-temperature reduction treatment, as well as hybrid dry and wet etching. Ultimately, after employing RIE dry etching combined with wet etching, following a high-temperature reduction treatment, an etching rate of 10 nm/min and pretty 90° sidewall angles were achieved. Furthermore, high etching rates of 79 nm/min with steep sidewall angles of 83° were obtained using ICP dry etching. Additionally, using SiO2 masks, a high etching rate of 108 nm/min and an etching selectivity ratio of 0.86:1 were achieved. Distinct etching conditions yielded diverse yet exceptional results, providing multiple processing paths of etching for the versatile application of LNO.
Food Addiction and Grazing—The Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Negative Urgency in University Students
Authors: Ribeiro Andreia , Sinval Jorge , Félix Sílvia , Guimarães Carolina , Machado Bárbara César , Gonçalves Sónia , de Lourdes Marta , Conceição Eva M.
Published: October 2023

University students are a vulnerable population to the development of disordered eating, such as food addiction (FA) and grazing. FA is an emerging concept characterized by an intense desire to eat hyper-palatable foods. Grazing is characterized by the repetitive and unplanned ingestion of food throughout a period of time. Both FA and grazing have been associated with increased scores of negative urgency (NU) and difficulties in emotion regulation (ER). This study aims to evaluate the frequency of FA and grazing in a university population and to test the direct, total, and indirect effects—via FA—of ER and NU on repetitive eating and compulsive grazing. A total of 338 participants responded to a set of psychological measures assessing these variables. Thirty-six (10.7%) participants met the criteria for FA diagnosis and 184 (54.4%) presented grazing. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit indexes for the model tested (χ2(1695) = 3167.575; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.955; NFI = 0.908; TLI = 0.953; SRMR = 0.085; RMSEA = 0.051; CI 90% (0.048; 0.053); P[RMSEA ≤ 0.05] = 0.318) and suggested that FA partially mediated the effect of difficulties in ER and NU on grazing, specifically on compulsive grazing. The results indicate that individuals with difficulties in ER and impulse control under negative emotions are more likely to engage in grazing if food addiction scores are higher. These results highlight the importance of assessing these variables, particularly in at-risk populations such as university students.
Impact of Exercise Intervention Combined with Optimal Mediterranean Diet Adherence during Pregnancy on Postpartum Body Composition: A Quasi-Experimental Study—The GESTAFIT Project
Authors: Flor-Alemany Marta , Acosta-Manzano Pedro , Migueles Jairo H. , Henriksson Pontus , Löf Marie , Aparicio Virginia A.
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to investigate whether the effects of an exercise program during pregnancy on postpartum body composition are moderated by following a healthy dietary pattern (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD)). Eighty-three pregnant women (control n = 40, exercise n = 43) were included in the present quasi-experimental study. The exercise intervention consisted of a 60 min, 3 day/week throughout pregnancy from gestational week 17, supervised concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise program. A food frequency questionnaire and the MD Score (min–max: 0–50) were employed to assess dietary habits and the MD adherence during pregnancy, respectively. Postpartum body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, 6 weeks postpartum. The body mass index and the gynecoid fat mass at postpartum were lower in the exercise compared to the control group (p = 0.018 and p = 0.047, respectively). There was an interaction showing that the MD adherence during pregnancy positively moderated the effects of the exercise intervention on postpartum lean mass (p = 0.024), fat mass percentage (p = 0.092), android fat mass (p = 0.076), and android-to-gynecoid fat mass (p = 0.019). The Johnson–Neyman technique revealed that the effects of exercise were enhanced at a MD score of ~31 for lean mass, ~25 for fat mass, ~23 for android fat mass and ~29 for android-to-gynecoid fat mass. Our results suggest that a concurrent-exercise training plus an optimal MD adherence during pregnancy might be a useful strategy to promote a healthier body composition at the postpartum period.
Preconception and Pregnancy Nutrition Support for Women with a History of Bariatric Surgery: A Mixed-Methods Survey of Healthcare Professionals in the UK
Authors: Akhter Zainab , Rankin Judith , Shackford-Alizart Alice , Ackroyd Roger , Devlieger Roland , Heslehurst Nicola
Published: October 2023

Preconception bariatric surgery improves obesity-related maternal pregnancy complications but may reduce the absorption of nutrients required for healthy fetal growth and development. Women who receive preconception nutritional support after bariatric surgery are less likely to have adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the provision of preconception and pregnancy-specific nutritional support for women having bariatric surgery in the UK. A mixed-methods survey was distributed to healthcare professionals working in obesity or maternity services between December 2018 and October 2019. We collected both quantitative and qualitative data which were analysed using a mixed-methods approach. We received 135 responses from online (n = 99) and postal (n = 36) questionnaires. Only 45% of participants reported being ‘very familiar’ with the preconception/pregnancy nutritional needs of this population. Barriers to providing nutritional support included: a lack of resources and time; poor communication both across services and with women; not having contact with women preconception; and a lack of information and guidance. Respondents felt that dietitians have the expertise in nutrition necessary to provide support; however, GPs and midwives have the most frequent patient access post-surgery, both before and during pregnancy. Optimal preconception and pregnancy-related nutritional support requires multidisciplinary care pre- and post-surgery, and healthcare professionals require training and guidance to inform practice.
Food Is Medicine for Individuals Affected by Homelessness: Findings from a Participatory Soup Kitchen Menu Redesign
Authors: Wetherill Marianna S. , Caywood Lacey T. , Hollman Nicholas , Carter Valarie P. , Gentges Joshua , Sims Ashli , Henderson Carrie Vesely
Published: October 2023

Health disparities among people experiencing homelessness are likely exacerbated by limited access to healthy, fresh, and minimally processed foods. Soup kitchens and shelters serve as essential food safety nets for preventing hunger in this population, and community interest is growing in the potential of “food is medicine” interventions to improve the mental and physical wellbeing of people who receive meals from these providers. This study describes our two-phase approach to first identify and prioritize nutrition needs within an urban soup kitchen community and then test and implement new recipes and menu guidelines to help the standard soup kitchen menu better align with those priorities. We began by first conducting a nutrition needs assessment, including a collection of intercept surveys from a convenience sample of soup kitchen guests to better understand their nutrition-related health needs, dental issues, food preferences, and menu satisfaction (n = 112), as well as a nutrition analysis of the standard menu based on seven randomly selected meals. Most respondents reported at least one chronic health condition, with depressive disorders (50.9%) and cardiovascular diseases (49.1%) being the most common. Nearly all guests requested more fruits and vegetables at mealtimes, and results from the menu analysis revealed opportunities to lower meal contents of sodium, saturated fat, and added sugars and to raise micronutrient, fiber, and omega-3 content. We then applied these nutrition needs assessment findings to inform the second phase of the project. This phase included the identification of new food inventory items to help support cardiovascular and mental health-related nutrition needs, taste test sampling of new healthy menu items with soup kitchen guests, and hands-on culinary medicine training to kitchen staff on newly-developed “food is medicine” guidelines to support menu transformation. All taste tests of new menu items received over 75% approval, which exceeded satisfaction ratings of the standard menu collected during the phase 1 needs assessment. Findings from this community-based participatory research project confirm the great potential for hunger safety net providers to support critical nutrition needs within this vulnerable population through strategic menu changes. However, more research is needed on the longitudinal impacts of such changes on health indicators over time.