bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yet another clarion call for … integrated preconception services
Authors: Greer Orene
Published: March 2022

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Laurine L. van der Slink et al., pp. 1644–1652 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17156
Cross stimulation and unusual ventricular activation in a patient with dual chamber pacemaker
Authors: Iqbal Arshad Muhammad , Gautam Sandeep , Flaker Greg
Published: March 2022

Cross stimulation is defined as stimulation of one cardiac chamber when the stimulation of the other chamber is expected. We present a case of an eighty three year old patient with history of dual chamber pacemaker implantation with recent generator change which showed interesting ECG findings.
Short‐term outcomes of robotic‐assisted surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for lower rectal cancer
Authors: Morohashi Hajime , Sakamoto Yoshiyuki , Miura Takuya , Ichinohe Daichi , Kubota Shunsuke , Yamazaki Keisuke , Ichisawa Aika , Mitsuhashi Yuto , Wakiya Taiichi , Hakamada Kenichi
Published: March 2022

Introduction

There have been reports about robotic surgery for rectal cancer with chemoradiotherapy (CRT), but only a few studies have compared the use of robotic surgery with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The aim of our study was to compare the perioperative outcomes of robotic surgery with and without NAC for lower rectal cancer and to examine the effects of NAC on robotic surgery.

Methods

From January 2016 to July 2021, we compared the short‐term outcomes of 45 patients who did not undergo NAC and 55 patients who underwent NAC.

Results

The rate of sphincter‐preserving surgeries was higher in the NAC group than in the non‐NAC group (P = .024). The total operative time was significantly longer in the NAC group than in the non‐NAC group (P < .001). The rate of lateral lymph node dissection was significantly higher in the NAC group than in the non‐NAC group (P < .001). No significant differences were identified in the rate of incisional surgical site infections (SSI), organ/space SSI postoperative bleeding, small bowel obstruction, anastomotic leakage, urinary dysfunction, or urinary infections between the groups. There were eight incidences of lateral lymph node metastasis (15%) and two cases with positive resection margins (4.0%) in the NAC group.

Conclusions

Robotic surgery after NAC has few complications and a higher sphincter‐preserving rate that without NAC.
The effect of warning signs on the presence of snare traps in a Ugandan rainforest
Authors: Fedurek Pawel , Akankwasa John W. , Danel Dariusz P. , Fensome Samuel , Zuberbühler Klaus , Muhanguzi Geoffrey , Crockford Catherine , Asiimwe Caroline
Published: March 2022

Since chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) conservation often involves local human populations, conservation strategies must consider psychological factors that impact their behavior. In Budongo Forest, Uganda, for example, local communities commonly engage in snare trap (hereafter: snare) setting for wild meat. This illegal activity posits a substantial threat to wild chimpanzees, causing permanent wounds or death for those who are snared. Despite various schemes previously implemented to address snare setting—an activity that is fueled by poverty, the problem and its detrimental impact on chimpanzees persists. Here, we experimentally tested a novel intervention, a systematic display of specially designed warning signs aimed at local poachers. We monitored the presence of snares before and after introducing these signs over a total period of two years and compared it with that of a similar sized control area with no intervention. Results show that snares were less likely to be present during the “sign” period than during the “non‐sign” period in the experimental but not in the control area. We discuss the potential of this cost‐effective intervention for limiting illegal activities that pose a severe threat to chimpanzees and other species inhabiting tropical forests.
Functional and environmental predictors of health‐related quality of life of school‐age children with cerebral palsy: A cross‐sectional study of caregiver perspectives
Authors: Milićević Milena
Published: March 2022

Background

Caregivers' reports often serve as a decision‐making guide in the treatment and rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study identified predictors of the caregiver‐reported health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of school‐age children with CP.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted using the convenience sample of 108 children with CP (60 males; aged 7–18 years; mean age 12 years 8 months [SD 3 years 5 months]). Caregivers reported their child's HRQoL using KIDSCREEN‐27. Standard multiple regression analyses were conducted to test if the child characteristics (gender, age, Gross Motor Function Classification System–Expanded & Revised [GMFCS–E&R], Manual Ability Classification System [MACS], intellectual disability, health problems, communication, social skills, behavioural difficulties); family characteristics (income, type, home adaptation); physical, social and attitudinal barriers; environmental features; and family‐centeredness of service delivery significantly predicted HRQoL.

Results

Fine manual abilities, home adaptation and the magnitude of barriers predicted physical well‐being. The child's challenging behaviour, the magnitude of barriers and the barriers related to different policies predicted psychological well‐being. The home adaptation level and provision of general information about the child's disability and available types of services predicted HRQoL domain related to interactions and relationships with parents. Children with behavioural difficulties and more severe limitations in communication had less social support from friends and peers. The social skills and intellectual functioning combined with the parental ratings of the child's behaviour, other people's attitudes towards the child and the lack of support predicted HRQoL in the School Environment domain. The magnitude and frequency of barriers were the strongest predictors of general HRQoL.

Conclusion

From the caregivers' perspective, home adaptation, supportive laws and policies and family‐centred rehabilitation care that meets the family needs may promote children's HRQoL. Specific interventions addressing modifiable environmental features and continuous support to children in improving their fine motor abilities, communication and social skills and families in managing behavioural difficulties may be relevant for HRQoL of school‐age children with CP.
A systematic review and Bayesian meta‐analysis of the development of turn taking in adult–child vocal interactions
Authors: Nguyen Vivian , Versyp Otto , Cox Christopher , Fusaroli Riccardo
Published: March 2022

Fluent conversation requires temporal organization between conversational exchanges. By performing a systematic review and Bayesian multi‐level meta‐analysis, we map the trajectory of infants’ turn‐taking abilities over the course of early development (0 to 70 months). We synthesize the evidence from 26 studies (78 estimates from 429 unique infants, of which at least 152 are female) reporting response latencies in infant–adult dyadic interactions. The data were collected between 1975 and 2019, exclusively in North America and Europe. Infants took on average circa 1 s to respond, and the evidence of changes in response over time was inconclusive. Infants’ response latencies are related to those of their adult conversational partners: an increase of 1 s in adult response latency (e.g., 400 to 1400 ms) would be related to an increase of over 1 s in infant response latency (from 600 to 1857 ms). These results highlight the dynamic reciprocity involved in the temporal organization of turn‐taking. Based on these results, we provide recommendations for future avenues of enquiry: studies should analyze how turn‐by‐turn exchanges develop on a longitudinal timescale, with rich assessment of infants’ linguistic and social development.
Guided bone regeneration using titanium mesh to augment 3‐dimensional alveolar defects prior to implant placement. A pilot study
Authors: Lizio Giuseppe , Pellegrino Gerardo , Corinaldesi Giuseppe , Ferri Agnese , Marchetti Claudio , Felice Pietro
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the outcomes of bone regeneration using a customized titanium mesh scaffold to cover a bone graft for reconstruction of complex defects of the jaws.

Materials and Methods

19 large defects were digitally reconstructed using CT scans according to the prosthetic requirements. A titanium mesh scaffold was designed to cover the bone (autologous/bovine bone particulate) graft. At least 6 months after surgery, a new cone‐beam CT was taken. The pre‐ and postoperative CT datasets were then converted into three‐dimensional models and digitally aligned. The actual mesh position was compared to the virtual position to assess the reliability of the digital project. The reconstructed bone volumes (RBVs) were calculated according to the planned bone volumes (PBVs), outlining the areas under the mesh. These values were then correlated with the number of exposures, locations of atrophy, and virtually planned bone volume.

Results

The mean matching value between the planned position of the mesh and the actual one was 82 ± 13.4%. 52.3% (40% early and 60% late) exposures were observed, with 15.8% exhibiting infection. 26.3% resulted as failures. The amount of reconstructed bone volume (RBV) in respect to PBV was 65 ± 40.5%, including failures, and 88.2 ± 8.32% without considering the failures. The results of the exposure event were statistically significant (p = .006) in conditioning the bone volume regenerated.

Conclusions

This study obtained up to 88% of bone regeneration in 74% of the cases. The failures encountered (26%) should underline the operator's expertise relevance in conditioning the final result.
Minimizing patient morbidity after free gingival graft harvesting:A triple‐blind randomized‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bitencourt Fernando Valentim , Cardoso De David Silvia , Schutz Jasper da Silva , Otto Kirst Neto Alfredo , Visioli Fernanda , Fiorini Tiago
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on patient morbidity and donor site healing after free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting.

Methods

Forty‐four patients requiring FGG were selected for this trial. Individuals were randomly assigned to test group (PBMT, n = 22) or control group (placebo, n = 22) applied immediately after surgery, 24 and 48 h after. Demographic, surgical‐related and psychosocial variables possibly associated with treatment response were collected. The primary outcome was postoperative pain at the donor site evaluated using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) immediately after surgery and 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after. Secondary outcomes include medication consumption, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and percentage of wound closure.

Results

Intragroup analysis showed no differences in VASLOG means for placebo group throughout the study (p > .05), whereas a significant difference in PBMT group at 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (p < .05) were observed. Postoperative rescue analgesic requirement was significantly higher in the placebo group (p = .004). The number needed to treat(NNT) was 2.43. PBMT group reported significant better function related to sleeping, going to work/school and daily routine activities, less restriction to mouth opening, chewing and food consumption, less swelling and bleeding (p < .05), mainly in the first 48 h. PBMT group presented a significantly higher palatal wound closure at 7 days compared to placebo group (33.41 vs. 21.20 respectively, p = .024) after adjustment for confounding. No adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions

Photobiomodulation therapy accelerated the pain resolution time and palatal closure, decreased rescue medication consumption and significantly improved patient satisfaction in the postoperative period.
Niedrig dosierte Ganzhautelektronenbestrahlung mit oraler Bexaroten‐Erhaltungstherapie beim kutanen T‐Zell‐Lymphom
Authors: Elsayad Khaled , Rolf Daniel , Sunderkötter Cord , Weishaupt Carsten , Müller Elisa Christina , Nawar Tarek , Stranzenbach Rene , Livingstone Elisabeth , Stadler Rudolf , Steinbrink Kerstin , Moritz Rose K. C. , Eich Hans Theodor
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund

Die Ganzhautelektronenbestrahlung (TSEBT) in Kombination mit systemischer oder Erhaltungstherapie ist ein sinnvoller Ansatz zur Verbesserung der Remissionsrate und ‐dauer bei Mycosis fungoides (MF) und Sézary‐Syndrom (SS). Diese Studie untersucht die Wirksamkeit einer oralen Bexaroten‐Therapie nach niedrig dosierter TSEBT bei Patienten mit MF und SS.

Methoden

In dieser prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie rekrutierten wir MF/SS‐Patienten für die Behandlung mit niedrig dosierter TSEBT mit oder ohne Bexaroten‐Erhaltungstherapie und beschreiben Therapieansprechen und Toxizität.

Ergebnisse

An unserem Institut wurden zwischen 2016 und 2021 46 Patienten mit MF oder SS mittels TSEBT behandelt. Nach TSEBT erhielten 27 Patienten (59 %) oral Bexaroten. Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 13 Monate. Die Gesamtansprechrate (ORR) für die Kohorte betrug 85 %. Die Ansprechrate war bei kombinierter Behandlung (CM) signifikant höher als bei TSEBT allein (96 % vs. 68 %, p = 0,03). Das mediane progressionsfreie Überleben bei CM betrug 17 Monate gegenüber 5 Monaten bei alleiniger TSEBT (p = 0,001). Ein Patient (4 %) in der Retinoid‐Gruppe brach die Bexaroten‐Therapie wegen unerwünschter Nebenwirkungen ab. Unter Bexaroten‐Erhaltungstherapie erhöhte die Strahlentherapie‐assoziierte Toxizität nicht.

Schlussfolgerungen

Ansprechrate und progressionsfreies Überleben könnten durch TSEBT in Kombination mit oralem Bexaroten im Vergleich zur alleinigen TSEBT verbessert werden.
Das NF1‐Mikrodeletions‐Syndrom: Die frühzeitige genetische Diagnose erleichtert den Umgang mit einer klinisch definierten Erkrankung
Authors: Kehrer‐Sawatzki Hildegard , Bäzner Ute , Krämer Johannes , Lewerenz Jan , Pfeiffer Christiane
Published: March 2022

Neurofibromatose Typ‐1 (NF1) ist ein Genodermatose, die häufig in der Dermatologie behandelt wird. Bei vielen Patienten mit NF1 wird die Diagnose aufgrund klinischer Merkmale erstellt wie Café‐au‐Lait‐Flecken, Freckling und plexiformen Neurofibromen, die schon während der frühen Kindheit auftreten können. Später im Leben sind oft kutane Neurofibrome weitere wichtige diagnostische Merkmale. Die NF1 ist durch ausgeprägte klinische Variabilität und eine breite Heterogenität der NF1‐Genmutationen charakterisiert, was Genotyp/Phänotyp‐Korrelationen erschwert. Wichtige Ausnahmen sind NF1‐Mikrodeletionen, die bei 5–11 % aller NF1‐Patienten auftreten. Patienten mit NF1‐Mikrodeletionen zeigen häufig spezifische Merkmale wie Gesichtsdysmorphien und sind von großer Statur. Zudem sind früh auftretende kutane und subkutane Neurofibrome, schwere Entwicklungsverzögerungen in multiplen Bereichen sowie kognitive Einschränkungen pathognomonisch für das NF1‐Mikrodeletions‐Syndrom. Darüber hinaus sind NF1‐Mikrodeletionen mit einem Risiko für maligne periphere Nervenscheidentumoren assoziiert, das etwa zweifach höher ist als bei intragenischen NF1‐Mutationen. Die schweren klinischen Manifestationen bei Patienten mit NF1‐Mikrodeletionen machen eine frühe multidisziplinäre klinische Betreuung und häufige Tumor‐Überwachung der Patienten notwendig. Wenn bei einem Patienten Red‐Flag‐Symptome für das NF1‐Mikrodeletions‐Syndrom auftreten, ist eine frühzeitige genetische Untersuchung notwendig, um eine NF1‐Mikrodeletion zu bestätigen oder auszuschließen.
Impact of malignancy on outcomes in European patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the ESC‐EHRA EURObservational research programme in atrial fibrillation general long‐term registry
Authors: Malavasi Vincenzo L. , Vitolo Marco , Proietti Marco , Diemberger Igor , Fauchier Laurent , Marin Francisco , Nabauer Michael , Potpara Tatjana S. , Dan Gheorghe‐Andrei , Kalarus Zbigniew , Tavazzi Luigi , Maggioni Aldo Pietro , Lane Deirdre A. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Boriani Giuseppe ,   the ESC‐EHRA EORP‐AF Long‐Term General Registry Investigators
Published: March 2022

Background

The management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and malignancy is challenging given the paucity of evidence supporting their appropriate clinical management.

Purpose

To evaluate the outcomes of patients with active or prior malignancy in a contemporary cohort of European AF patients.

Methods

Patients enrolled in the EURObservational Research Programme in AF General Long‐Term Registry were categorized into 3 categories: No Malignancy (NoMal), Prior Malignancy (PriorMal) and Active Malignancy (ActiveMal). The primary outcomes were all‐cause death and the composite outcome MACE.

Results

A total of 10 383 patients were analysed. Of these, 9597 (92.4%) were NoMal patients, 577 (5.6%) PriorMal and 209 (2%) ActiveMal. Lack of any antithrombotic treatment was more prevalent in ActiveMal patients (12.4%) as compared to other groups (5.0% vs 6.3% for PriorMal and NoMal, p < .001). After a median follow‐up of 730 days, there were 982 (9.5%) deaths and 950 (9.7%) MACE events. ActiveMal was independently associated with a higher risk for all‐cause death (HR 2.90, 95% CI 2.23–3.76) and MACE (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.03–2.31), as well as any haemorrhagic events and major bleeding (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.49–3.91 and OR 4.18, 95% CI 2.49–7.01, respectively). Use of oral anticoagulants was not significantly associated with a higher risk for all‐cause death or bleeding in ActiveMal patients.

Conclusions

In a large contemporary cohort of AF patients, active malignancy was independently associated with all‐cause death, MACE and haemorrhagic events. Use of anticoagulants was not associated with a higher risk of all‐cause death in patients with active malignancies.
Asexual morph and molecular phylogeny of Phyllactinia rhoina on Choerospondias axillaris
Authors: Tang Shu‐Rong , Liu Shu‐Yan , Feng Jing , Zhang Zhao‐Yang , Wang Xi‐Yu
Published: March 2022

Choerospondias axillaris (Anacardiaceae) is a fast‐growing tree species with edible wild fruits, used as pioneer tree for reforestation in south China. Fruits, leaves and bark are utilized for diverse culinary and pharmaceutical purposes. In December 2019, C. axillaris infected by powdery mildew was collected in Lianhuashan Park (117.01°E, 25.10°N), Fujian, China. The disease affected approximately 50‒60%, which severely influenced the yield and quality of the infected trees. Based on morphological and molecular analyses, the causal agent was identified as Phyllactinia rhoina. As far as we are aware, this is the first detailed description of the asexual morph for this species and the first complete molecular phylogeny inferred from ITS and 28S rDNA gene sequences. The information may be helpful for disease monitoring purposes of C. axillaris for growers.
The longitudinal development of large‐scale functional brain networks for arithmetic ability from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Wang Chunjie , Ren Tian , Zhang Xinyuan , Dou Wenjie , Jia Xi , Li Bao‐ming
Published: March 2022

Arithmetic ability is an important high‐level cognitive function that requires interaction among multiple brain regions. Previous studies on arithmetic development have focused on task‐induced activation in isolated brain regions or functional connectivity among particular seed regions. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how functional connectivity among large‐scale brain modules contributes to arithmetic development. In the present study, we used a longitudinal sample of task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data comprising 63 typically developing children, with two testing points being about 2 years apart. With graph theory, we examined the longitudinal development of large‐scale brain modules for a multiplication task in younger (mean age 9.88 at time 1) and older children (mean age 12.34 at time 1), respectively. The results showed that the default‐mode (DMN) and frontal‐parietal networks (FPN) became increasingly segregated over time. Specifically, intra‐connectivity within the DMN and FPN increased significantly with age, and inter‐connectivity between the DMN and visual network decreased significantly with age. Such developmental changes were mainly observed in the younger children but not in the older children. Moreover, the change in network segregation of the DMN was positively correlated with longitudinal gain in arithmetic performance in the younger children, and individual difference in network segregation of the FPN was positively correlated with arithmetic performance at Time 2 in the older children. Taken together, the present results highlight the development of the functional architecture in large‐scale brain networks from childhood to adolescence, which may provide insights into potential neural mechanisms underlying arithmetic development.
Cortical semantization of autobiographical memory over subjective chronological time: An fMRI study
Authors: McWilliams Kellie , Kaplan Alexander , Eline Ellen , Kaminer Isabelle , Zodrow Shauna , Petersen Julie , Williams J. Michael , Osipowicz Karol
Published: March 2022

The content and neural representation of autobiographical memories change over time; however, these changes are poorly understood. We hypothesize that the content of memories becomes semanticized, while the neural representation moves from mesial to cortical structures. We conducted an fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) study on the effects of time on autobiographical memory retrieval. Twenty healthy participants were cued by a selection of photographs that represented distinct episodic memories from 1, 2, 6, and 14 years prior to scanning. Our behavioural data of self‐report measures of memory qualia suggests a loss of episodic content over time. GLM (general linear model) results demonstrate that across all time points, visual association cortices and mesial temporal lobes were activated. However, we did not observe any GLM differences between memory time points. We used SVM (support vector machine) in order to predict memory time point based on neural activation patterns. We were able to accurately predict classification accuracy for the 1‐year (66.7%), 2‐year (66.7%), and 14‐year (33.4%) memory time points, with an overall classification accuracy of 55.6%. We suggest that our findings can be interpreted in light of cortical semantization; as memories age, they become more semanticized and shift in representation towards cortical structures.
Heterogeneity of patients with functional/dissociative seizures: Three multidimensional profiles
Authors: Hingray Coraline , Ertan Deniz , Reuber Markus , Lother Anne‐Sophie , Chrusciel Jan , Tarrada Alexis , Michel Nathalie , Meyer Mylene , Klemina Irina , Maillard Louis , Sanchez Stephane , El‐Hage Wissam
Published: March 2022

Objective

Current concepts highlight the neurological and psychological heterogeneity of functional/dissociative seizures (FDS). However, it remains uncertain whether it is possible to distinguish between a limited number of subtypes of FDS disorders. We aimed to identify profiles of distinct FDS subtypes by cluster analysis of a multidimensional dataset without any a priori hypothesis.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory, prospective multicenter study of 169 patients with FDS. We collected biographical, trauma (childhood and adulthood traumatic experiences), semiological (seizure characteristics), and psychopathological data (psychiatric comorbidities, dissociation, and alexithymia) through psychiatric interviews and standardized scales. Clusters were identified by the Partitioning Around Medoids method. The similarity of patients was computed using Gower distance. The clusters were compared using analysis of variance, chi‐squared, or Fisher exact tests.

Results

Three patient clusters were identified in this exploratory, hypothesis‐generating study and named on the basis of their most prominent characteristics:

A “No/Single Trauma” group (31.4%), with more male patients, intellectual disabilities, and nonhyperkinetic seizures, and a low level of psychopathology;

A “Cumulative Lifetime Traumas” group (42.6%), with clear female predominance, hyperkinetic seizures, relatively common comorbid epilepsy, and a high level of psychopathology; and

A “Childhood Traumas” group (26%), commonly with comorbid epilepsy, history of childhood sexual abuse (75%), and posttraumatic stress disorder, but also with a high level of anxiety and dissociation.

Significance

Although our cluster analysis was undertaken without any a priori hypothesis, the nature of the trauma history emerged as the most important differentiator between three common FDS disorder subtypes. This subdifferentiation of FDS disorders may facilitate the development of more specific therapeutic programs for each patient profile.
Tasteless confinement of juveniles with I/DD: How to keep juvenile offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities out of confinement
Authors: Hays Madison
Published: March 2022

A lack of screening for intellectual and developmental disabilities (“I/DD”) in juvenile justice systems nationwide results in a lack of appropriate accommodations. As a result, juveniles with I/DD are at a heightened risk of recidivation and adult incarceration than non‐disabled offenders. Additionally, juvenile incarceration harms an individual's health and educational and employment attainment. This Note proposes model legislation that requires mandatory screening for I/DD and implements a pre‐arrest restorative community‐based diversion program aimed at meeting the needs of juvenile offenders with I/DD and teaching participants intellectual, emotional, and social skills, while reducing incarceration and recidivism rates among youth with I/DD.
Hsp104 N‐terminal domain interaction with substrates plays a regulatory role in protein disaggregation
Authors: Harari Anna , Zoltsman Guy , Levin Tal , Rosenzweig Rina
Published: March 2022

Heat shock protein 104 (Hsp104) protein disaggregases are powerful molecular machines that harness the energy derived from ATP binding and hydrolysis to disaggregate a wide range of protein aggregates and amyloids, as well as to assist in yeast prion propagation. Little is known, however, about how Hsp104 chaperones recognize such a diversity of substrates, or indeed the contribution of the substrate‐binding N‐terminal domain (NTD) to Hsp104 function. Herein, we present a NMR spectroscopy study, which structurally characterizes the Hsp104 NTD‐substrate interaction. We show that the NTD includes a substrate‐binding groove that specifically recognizes exposed hydrophobic stretches in unfolded, misfolded, amyloid and prion substrates of Hsp104. In addition, we find that the NTD itself has chaperoning activities which help to protect the exposed hydrophobic regions of its substrates from further misfolding and aggregation, thereby priming them for threading through the Hsp104 central channel. We further demonstrate that mutations to this substrate‐binding groove abolish Hsp104 activation by client proteins and keep the chaperone in a partially inhibited state. The Hsp104 variant with these mutations also exhibited significantly reduced disaggregation activity and cell survival at extreme temperatures. Together, our findings provide both a detailed characterization of the NTD‐substrate complex and insight into the functional regulatory role of the NTD in protein disaggregation and yeast thermotolerance.
The relative importance of suspended versus benthic food resources to freshwater mussels in central Texas, U.S.A.
Authors: Fogelman Kaelyn J. , Stoeckel James A. , Abdelrahman Hisham A. , Helms Brian S.
Published: March 2022

As unionid mussels continue to decline in North America much remains unknown regarding their primary food resources and feeding relationships. Our objective was to investigate spatial, temporal, intra‐ and interspecific variation in food resource use.

In this study, we quantified stable C (δ13C) and stable N (δ15N) isotopic signatures for five mussel species and their potential food resources across four catchments and three seasons in central Texas, U.S.A.

Across all species and sites, Bayesian mixing models suggest C derived from coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM; bulk detrital leaf packs) contributed on average 51% to the mussel diet and C derived from suspended particulate organic matter contributed 41% on average to the mussel diet. Mussel stable isotope signatures exhibited minimal variation across species within a site, but significant differences across sites and seasons. Although significant differences in food source contributions were observed between sites and species, differences were relatively small and either CPOM or suspended particulate organic matter were consistently the primary food resource.

Mussels were potentially consuming microbial biofilms associated with CPOM pools, but preferential assimilation of detrital biofilms remains to be quantified. Carbon:nitrogen ratios of mussel soft tissue varied seasonally with summer ratios approximately 3 times higher on average than spring and autumn ratios, which is suggestive of poor food quality and thermal stress during the summer. Some species had significant positive relationships between isotopic ratios and shell length, which indicates changes in food resource incorporation with increasing mussel size.

Together these data suggest the C in mussel tissues was of benthic and suspended origin. These findings provide further evidence that mussels effectively exploit benthic in addition to planktonic food resources which emphasises the need to maintain riparian habitats and allochthonous inputs.
Marketing at the bottom of the pyramid: Literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Vishnoi Prama , Bhardwaj Neha , Vohra Anupama
Published: March 2022

In the early 2000s, Prahalad and Hart presented the possibility of serving the poor profitably and alleviating poverty. They introduced the concept of BoP (Bottom/Base of the Pyramid). Recent scholarly work also justifies that BoP is a significant market, and it deserves attention from profit‐oriented businesses. An analysis of the existing BoP literature in the marketing domain reveals that the literature is scattered without a classification of themes, which can help researchers to understand the breadth of the area and depth of coverage in each of them. Intending to bridge this gap, this study synthesizes research on marketing in the context of BoP. The review uses a structured literature review method and classifies the various marketing studies on the BoP into relevant themes. This analysis of 88 articles published from 2000 to 2021 (October) includes a thematic literature review. It presents a comprehensive view of marketing literature on BoP, classifying it into five main themes: Conceptualizing Poverty, Market Assessment, Marketing Strategy, Consumer Behavior, and Role of Technology. The study also identifies major thrust areas within each of these themes. It concludes by offering suggestions for further research on the identified thrust areas, geographical contexts, and methodologies adopted. The study also assimilates insightful theoretical and practical implications.
Safety of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with mechanical prosthetic valves
Authors: Rozen Guy , Elbaz‐Greener Gabby , Andria Nizar , Heist Kevin , Ruskin Jeremy N. , Roguin Ariel , Carasso Shemy , Birati Edo , Amir Offer , Marai Ibrahim
Published: March 2022

Background

Catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly utilized in recent years, with promising results. We aimed to investigate the nationwide trends in utilization and procedural complications of CA for AF in patients with mechanical prosthetic valves (MPVs).

Methods and Results

We drew data from the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to identify cases of AF ablations in patients with MPVs, between 2003 and 2015. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and incidence of procedural complications, mortality, and length of stay were analyzed. We compared the outcomes to a propensity‐matched cohort of patients without MPVs.

The study included a weighted total of 1898 CA for AF cases in patients with MPVs. The median age of the study population was 67 (61–75) years and 53% were males. Despite the increasing age and significant uptrend in the prevalence of individual comorbidities and Deyo–Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) over the years, the risk of peri‐procedural complications and mortality in the study group did not change between the early (2003–2008) and late (2009–2015) study years.

The peri‐procedural complication rate (8.4% vs. 10.4%, p = .33) and in‐hospital mortality (0.2% vs. 0.2%, p = .9) did not differ significantly between patients with MPVs and 1901 matched patients without MPVs. Length of stay was higher among patients with prior MPVs compared to the controls (4.0 ± 0.2 vs. 3.3 ± 0.2 days, p = .011).

Conclusion

This nationwide analysis shows that AF ablation in patients with mechanical valve prothesis bares a similar risk of periprocedural complications and mortality as in patients without prosthetic valves.
A variance partitioning perspective of assortative mating: Proximate mechanisms and evolutionary implications
Authors: Class Barbara , Dingemanse Niels J.
Published: March 2022

Assortative mating occurs when paired individuals of the same population are more similar than expected by chance. This form of non‐random assortment has long been predicted to play a role in many evolutionary processes because assortatively mated individuals are assumed to be genetically similar. However, this assumption may always hold for labile traits, or traits that are measured with error. For such traits, there is a variety of proximate mechanisms that can drive phenotypic resemblance between mated partners that, notably, have very different evolutionary repercussions. Bettering our understanding of the role of assortative mating in evolution will thus require insight into its proximate causes. To date, empirical research remains sparse, especially when for labile traits. This special issue aims to stimulate such research while promoting the usage and development of statistical approaches allowing the quantification of the relative roles of alternative proximate mechanisms causing assortative mating. To this end, we first describe how the phenotypic covariance between mated partners can be usefully partitioned into components that capture one or several of five distinct mechanisms. We then demonstrate why the importance of mechanisms causing genetic covariance between the traits of partners may often be overestimated. Finally, we detail how the evolutionary causes and consequences of the diverse mechanisms may be identified.
Multispecies colour polymorphisms associated with contrasting microhabitats in two Mediterranean wrasse radiations
Authors: Fark Sarya N. , Gerber Steve , Alonzo Suzanne H. , Kindsvater Holly K. , Meier Joana I. , Seehausen Ole
Published: March 2022

Intraspecific colour polymorphisms (CPs) present unique opportunities to study fundamental evolutionary questions, such as the link between ecology and phenotype, mechanisms maintaining genetic diversity and their putative role in speciation. Wrasses are highly diverse in ecology and morphology and harbour a variety of colour‐polymorphic species. In the Mediterranean Sea, wrasses of the tribe Labrini evolved two species radiations each harbouring several species with a brown and a green morph. The colour morphs occur in complete sympatry in mosaic habitats with rocky outcrops and Neptune grass patches. Morph‐specific differences had not been characterized yet and the evolutionary forces maintaining them remained unknown. With genome‐wide data for almost all Labrini species, we show that species with CPs are distributed across the phylogeny, but show evidence of hybridization. This suggests that the colour morphs are either ancient and have been lost repeatedly, that they have evolved repeatedly or have been shared via hybridization. Focusing on two polymorphic species, we find that each colour morph is more common in the microhabitat providing the best colour match and that the morphs exhibit additional behavioural and morphological differences further improving crypsis in their respective microhabitats. We find little evidence for genetic differentiation between the morphs in either species. Therefore, we propose that these colour morphs represent a multi‐niche polymorphism as an adaptation to the highly heterogeneous habitat. Our study highlights how colour polymorphism (CP) can be advantageous in mosaic habitats and that Mediterranean wrasses are an ideal system to study trans‐species polymorphisms, i.e. polymorphisms maintained across several species, in adaptive radiations.
Relationship between social support and postpartum depression in migrant and non‐migrant first‐time mothers
Authors: Zlotnick Cheryl , Manor‐Lavon Inbal , Leahy‐Warren Patricia
Published: March 2022

Aims and objectives

This study examines the relationship between social status and postpartum depression by migrant generation and determines whether social support moderates the relationship between migrant generations and postpartum depression.

Background

Postpartum depression (PPD) afflicts more than 1 in 10 childbearing women worldwide; and this mental health problem may be higher among vulnerable populations of women such as migrants, an increasingly prevalent group in many countries. Social support and migrant generation (1st generation—mother and her parents born outside the host country; 2nd generation—mother born in the host country but not her parents; 2.5 generation—mother and one parent born in the host country) may contribute to the conflicting findings on migrant mothers and postpartum depression.

Design

This study used a cross‐sectional design.

Methods

Sample recruitment of migrant and non‐migrant first‐time mothers (n=515) was implemented through an online platform. A STROBE checklist guided the reporting of this study.

Results

PPD was lower among mothers with social support. While social support was negatively associated with PPD for all mothers, PPD was not associated with migrant generation nor was a moderation effect found.

Conclusions

Social support is negatively associated with PPD for all mothers, but levels of PPD for migrant mothers may be linked to country‐specific healthcare resources and immigration policies. Immigrant policies influence migrant mothers’ healthcare access; thus, immigration policies may influence PPD among first‐time migrant mothers and the manner in which nurses can provide formal support. This study finds that social support, including the formal social support provided by nurses, decreases the likelihood of PPD. Demands on nurses’ technical and assessment skills are high, but nurses also need to remember that their skills of providing social support are equally important, and for first‐time mothers, may contribute to decreasing PPD.
Classroom Teacher Efficacy Toward Implementation of Physical Activity in the D‐SHINES Intervention
Authors: Barcelona Jeanne M. , Centeio Erin E. , Hijazi Kowsar , Pedder Christine
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Given levels of sedentary behavior among youth, teachers have been called upon to increase physical activity (PA) by implementing classroom PA breaks. School‐based interventions enacted in classroom settings have shown promise in increasing youth PA. Yet little is known about how teacher efficacy toward implementing classroom PA breaks may influence intervention effects.

PURPOSE

Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how the Dearborn School Health through Integrated Nutrition and Exercise Strategies (D‐SHINES) intervention, implemented across 8 schools, influenced classroom teacher's efficacy toward providing classroom PA breaks.

METHODS

A mixed‐methods design examined classroom teachers' efficacy toward implementing classroom PA breaks and used semi‐structured interviews to better understand teachers' efficacy and implementation.

Results

Quantitative results indicated that teacher efficacy significantly increased over the intervention period and that general and institutional efficacy predicted higher amounts of PA breaks offered. Qualitative results suggested that to enhance teachers' facilitation of classroom PA breaks, one must tap into the institutional, student, and educational factors that constitute teacher efficacy.

Implications for School Health

Designing interventions that focus on teacher efficacy toward classroom PA may be a viable way to increase PA breaks in schools. Implications for the whole school, whole community, whole child model are discussed.
Ability of matrix metalloproteinase‐8 biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA immunoassays to differentiate between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis
Authors: Umeizudike Kehinde Adesola , Lähteenmäki Hanna , Räisänen Ismo T , Taylor John J , Preshaw Philip M , Bissett Susan M , Tervahartiala Taina , O Nwhator Solomon , Pärnänen Pirjo , Sorsa Timo
Published: March 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of an MMP‐8 biosensor assay in differentiating periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis and compare it with an established time‐resolved immunofluorescence assay (IFMA) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Background

Currently available antibody‐based assays display a wide variability in their ability to accurately measure matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) levels in saliva.

Methods

Salivary MMP‐8 levels were analyzed in 189 systemically healthy participants using an antibody‐based biosensor prototype that operates using a surface acoustic wave technology and compared with IFMA and ELISA antibody assays. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: periodontal health (59), gingivitis (63), and periodontitis (67). A sub‐population of participants (n = 20) with periodontitis received periodontal treatment and were monitored for 6 months.

Results

All the assays demonstrated significantly higher salivary MMP‐8 concentrations in participants with periodontitis versus gingivitis, periodontitis versus health, and gingivitis versus health (all p < .05). The biosensor data demonstrated significant correlations with IFMA (r = .354, p < .001) and ELISA (r = .681, p < .001). Significant reductions in salivary MMP‐8 concentrations were detected by the biosensor (p = .030) and IFMA (p = .002) in participants with periodontitis 6 months after non‐surgical periodontal treatment. IFMA had the best sensitivity (89.2%) for detecting periodontitis and gingivitis versus health and 96.6% for detecting periodontitis versus health and gingivitis. The biosensor had an AUC value of 0.81 and diagnostic accuracy of 74.2% for differentiating periodontitis and gingivitis from health; an AUC value of 0.86 and diagnostic accuracy of 82.8% for periodontitis versus health and gingivitis.

Conclusions

The biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA assays differentiated between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis based on salivary MMP‐8 levels. Only the biosensor and, particularly, IFMA identified an effect of periodontal treatment in the participants with periodontitis. Our findings support the potential utility of salivary oral fluid aMMP‐8‐based point‐of‐care technology in the future of periodontal diagnostics.
Unraveling novel roles of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcription factor Rv0081 in regulation of the nucleoid‐associated proteins Lsr2 and EspR, cholesterol utilization, and subversion of lysosomal trafficking in macrophages
Authors: Lata Suruchi , Mahatha Amar Chandra , Mal Soumya , Gupta Umesh D. , Kundu Manikuntala , Basu Joyoti
Published: March 2022

The transcriptional network of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is designed to enable the organism to withstand host‐associated stresses and to exploit the host milieu for its own survival and multiplication. Rv0081 (MT0088) is a transcriptional regulator whose interplay with other gene regulatory proteins and role in enabling M. tuberculosis to thrive within its host is incompletely understood. M. tuberculosis utilizes cholesterol within the granuloma. We show that deletion of Rv0081 compromises the ability of M. tuberculosis to utilize cholesterol as the sole carbon source, to subvert lysosomal trafficking, and to form granulomas in vitro. Rv0081 downregulates expression of the nucleoid‐associated repressor Lsr2, leading to increased expression of the cholesterol catabolism‐linked gene kshA and genes of the cholesterol importing operon, accounting for the requirement of Rv0081 in cholesterol utilization. Furthermore, Rv0081 activates EspR which is required for secretion of ESX‐1 substrates, which in turn are involved in subversion of lysosomal trafficking of M. tuberculosis and granuloma expansion. These results provide new insight into the role of Rv0081 under conditions which resemble the environment encountered by M. tuberculosis within its host. Rv0081 emerges as a central regulator of genes linked to various pathways which are crucial for the survival of the bacterium in vivo.
Physiological bases of secure base support provision in a longitudinal study of married older adult couples
Authors: Chin Brian , Feeney Brooke
Published: March 2022

Close others often serve as a source of support for our pursuit of personal goals. Although social psychological research indicates that individuals and relationships benefit when couple members provide each other with secure base support for personal goals, few studies have investigated the physiological bases of these types of support interactions. This study of married older adults examinedsupport providers'cardiovascular challenge‐threat responses while they engaged in a laboratory social interaction about the most important goal that their partner (the target) wanted to make progress toward during the next year. Consistent with our hypothesis, support providers' cardiovascular challenge responses were positively associated with targets' ratings of their secure base support provision during the discussion. This study also used structural equation modeling to test a theoretical model of support providers' cardiovascular challenge responses as a physiological basis of secure base support provision that promotes targets' goal progress and thriving over time. Consistent with our theory, support providers' cardiovascular challenge responses were positively associated with targets' goal progress at Year 2 follow‐up. In turn, targets' goal progress at Year 2 predicted increases in targets' overall thriving from Year 1 to Year 3. This investigation provides novel evidence for attachment theory's assertion that biobehavioral caregiving system activation facilitates the provision of secure base support that promotes close others' goal progress and thriving over time. Results of this study also contribute to recent evidence that cardiovascular challenge responses are associated with social behaviors during dyadic interactions.