bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Influence of Biodiversity on Soil Respiration in a Temperate Forest
Authors: Zhang Mengxu , Sayer Emma J. , Zhang Weidong , Ye Ji , Yuan Zuoqiang , Lin Fei , Hao Zhanqing , Fang Shuai , Mao Zikun , Ren Jing , Wang Xugao
Published: December 2022

Soil respiration in forests contributes to significant carbon dioxide emissions from terrestrial ecosystems but it varies both spatially and seasonally. Both abiotic and biotic factors influence soil respiration but their relative contribution to spatial and seasonal variability remains poorly understood, which leads to uncertainty in models of global C cycling and predictions of future climate change. Here, we hypothesize that tree diversity, soil diversity, and soil properties contribute to local-scale variability of soil respiration but their relative importance changes in different seasons. To test our hypothesis, we conducted seasonal soil respiration measurements along a local-scale environmental gradient in a temperate forest in Northeast China, analyzed spatial variability of soil respiration and tested the relationships between soil respiration and a variety of abiotic and biotic factors including topography, soil chemical properties, and plant and soil diversity. We found that soil respiration varied substantially across the study site, with spatial coefficients of variation (CV) of 29.1%, 27.3% and 30.8% in spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. Soil respiration was consistently lower at high soil water content, but the influence of other factors was seasonal. In spring, soil respiration increased with tree diversity and biomass but decreased with soil fungal diversity. In summer, soil respiration increased with soil temperature, whereas in autumn, soil respiration increased with tree diversity but decreased with increasing soil nutrient content. However, soil nutrient content indirectly enhanced soil respiration via its effect on tree diversity across seasons, and forest stand structure indirectly enhanced soil respiration via tree diversity in spring. Our results highlight that substantial differences in soil respiration at local scales was jointly explained by soil properties (soil water content and soil nutrients), tree diversity, and soil fungal diversity but the relative importance of these drivers varied seasonally in our temperate forest.
Contrasting Responses of Alien and Ancient Forest Indicator Plant Species to Fragmentation Process in the Temperate Lowland Forests
Authors: Šipek Mirjana , Kutnar Lado , Marinšek Aleksander , Šajna Nina
Published: December 2022

Fragmentation is one of the major threats to biodiversity. In a fragmented landscape, forest specialists are losing suitable forest habitats with specific site and microclimate conditions, which results in their local extinction. Conversely, the invasion of alien species is facilitated by open forest areas and increased boundaries between forest fragments and adjacent land. We studied the effect of fragmentation in terms of fragment size impact on overall plant species richness and on selected ecologically important groups’ richness, composition, and diversity. We surveyed vegetation in the interior of 47 fragments of various sizes and one unfragmented reference forest. Our results reveal that the effect of fragmentation is complex and differs for studied plant groups. Decreasing fragment size negatively affects the overall plant richness and richness of native and ancient forest indicator plants as well as their diversity, while the effect is positive for alien plants. The highest proportion of ancient forest indicator plant species and the lowest proportion of alien plants in the unfragmented forest underline the great conservation value of forest fragments. At the same time, our results reveal that large and diverse forest ecosystems are susceptible to biological invasions as well.
Wear and Lubrication Performance of Different Reticular-Textured TiN-Coated Surfaces under Lubricated Conditions
Authors: Wang Chao , Chen Juan , Zeng Liangcai
Published: December 2022

Texture and coating technology can significantly improve the tribological properties of mechanical components. In this study, the lubricating and wear properties of the reticular surface texture under the action of TiN were studied. Lubrication and wear experiments at different speeds were conducted using a UMT-3 wear and friction testing machine. Using Fluent fluid simulation, the bearing capacity of the oil film was obtained, and the lubrication performance of the texture was verified. The results showed that the simulation experiment and the lubrication experiment were consistent to a certain extent. For the groove width and angle parameters studied in this paper, optimal parameters existed to achieve the maximum bearing capacity, 1.27 N. Due to the high hardness and low elastic modulus of the TiN coating, the coated reticular texture was more wear-resistant, and it achieved the minimum wear volume 1.148 × 10−6 mm3 from the grinding stainless-steel matrix. The effect of the fluid dynamic pressure, wear debris collection, and lubricating oil storage were the main reasons for the increase in load-carrying capacity and the decrease in wear with the coated reticular texture.
Characterization of Oxidation-Reduction Potential Variations in Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes: A Study from Mechanism to Application
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Wu Yuxing , Chen Ning , Piao Heng , Sun Delin , Ratnaweera Harsha , Maletskyi Zakhar , Bi Xuejun
Published: December 2022

Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensors would constitute a robust surveillance and control solution for aeration and external carbon dosing in wastewater biological treatment processes if a clear correlation exists between the ORP values and process variables (e.g., dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, ORP values and other water quality variables were analyzed, and principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance were used to study the relationships between ORP and main reactive substances under anoxic conditions. Mathematical models were then established using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that under anoxic conditions, ORP was positively correlated with nitrate, DO, and COD and negatively correlated with ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, and pH. COD had a low correlation with the ORP value change. PCA showed that the mathematical model of ORP can be established by using DO, nitrate, and phosphate, for which the adjusted R² value was 0.7195. The numeric relationships among ORP, COD, and nitrate were clearly established and applied to control external carbon dosing. A precise and clear relationship between ORP and COD offers the possibility to substitute COD monitoring for process control.
Gaussian Process Regression for Swaption Cube Construction under No-Arbitrage Constraints
Authors: Cousin Areski , Deleplace Adrien , Misko Adrien
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we introduce a 3D finite dimensional Gaussian process (GP) regression approach for learning arbitrage-free swaption cubes. Based on the possibly noisy observations of swaption prices, the proposed ‘constrained’ GP regression approach is proven to be arbitrage-free along the strike direction (butterfly and call-spread arbitrages are precluded on the entire 3D input domain). The cube is free from static arbitrage along the tenor and maturity directions if swaption prices satisfy an infinite set of in-plane triangular inequalities. We empirically demonstrate that considering a finite-dimensional weaker form of this condition is enough for the GP to generate swaption cubes with a negligible proportion of violation points, even for a small training set. In addition, we compare the performance of the GP approach with the SABR model, which is applied to a data set of payer and receiver out-of-the-money (OTM) swaptions. The constrained GP approach provides better prediction results compared to the SABR approach. In addition, we show that SABR calibration is better when using the GP cube output as new observations (in terms of predictive error and absence of arbitrage). Finally, the GP approach is able to quantify in- and out-of-sample uncertainty through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo simulations, allowing for the computation of model risk Additional Valuation Adjustment (AVA).
Design and Prototyping of an Interchangeable and Underactuated Tool for Automatic Harvesting
Authors: Quaglia Giuseppe , Tagliavini Luigi , Colucci Giovanni , Vorfi Ardit , Botta Andrea , Baglieri Lorenzo
Published: December 2022

In the field of precision agriculture, the automation of sampling and harvesting operations plays a central role to expand the possible application scenarios. Within this context, this work presents the design and prototyping of a novel underactuated tool for the harvesting of autonomous grapevines. The device is conceived to be one of several tools that could be automatically grasped by a robotic manipulator. As a use case, the presented tool is customized for the gripper of the robotic arm mounted on the rover Agri.Q, a service robot conceived for agriculture automation, but it can be easily adapted to other robotic arm grippers. In this work, first, the requirements for such a device are defined, then the functional design is presented, and a dimensionless analysis is performed to guide the dimensioning of the device. Later, the executive design is carried out, while the results of a preliminary experimental validation test are illustrated at the end of the paper.
The Study of the Distribution of Electrical and Magnetic Properties over the Conductor Cross-Section Using Magnetoimpedance Tomography: Modeling and Experiment
Authors: Bukreev Dmitry A. , Derevyanko Michael S. , Moiseev Alexey A. , Svalov Andrey V. , Semirov Alexander V.
Published: December 2022

A description of the method of magnetoimpedance tomography is presented. This method is based on the analysis of the frequency dependences of the impedance obtained in magnetic fields of various strengths. It allows one to determine the distribution of electrical and magnetic properties over the cross-section of the conductor, as well as their dependence on the magnetic field. The article proposes a specific approach to the implementation of the magnetoimpedance tomography method based on computer modeling by the finite element method. The results of this method are presented for composite Cu98Be2/Fe20Co6Ni74 wires of the “highly conductive core–magnetically soft coating” type and amorphous rapidly quenched Co66Fe4Nb2.5Si12.5B15 wires.
Classification of Events Violating the Safety of Physical Layers in Fiber-Optic Network Infrastructures
Authors: Ruzicka Michal , Jabloncik Lukas , Dejdar Petr , Tomasov Adrian , Spurny Vladimir , Munster Petr
Published: December 2022

Fiber-optic network infrastructures are crucial for the transmission of data over long and short distances. Fiber optics are also preferred for the infrastructure of in-building data communications. In this study, we use polarization analysis to ensure the security of the optical fiber/cables of the physical layer. This method exploits the changes induced by mechanical vibrations to polarization states, which can be easily detected using a polarization beam splitter and a balancing photodetector. We use machine learning to classify selected events that violate the safety of the physical layer, such as manipulation or temporary disconnection of connectors. The results show the resting state can be accurately distinguished from selected security breaches for a fiber route subjected to environmental disturbances, where individual events can be classified with nearly 99% accuracy.
Refractive Index Sensing Using Helical Broken-Circular-Symmetry Core Microstructured Optical Fiber
Authors: Cui Mingjie , Wang Zhuo , Yu Changyuan
Published: December 2022

Helical twist provides an additional degree of freedom for controlling light in optical waveguides, expanding their applications in sensing. In this paper, we propose a helical broken-circular-symmetry core microstructured optical fiber for refractive index sensing. The proposed fiber consists of pure silica and its noncircular helical core is formed by a broken air ring. By using finite element modeling combined with transformation optics, the modal characteristics of the fiber are investigated in detail. The results show that for the core located at the fiber center, the confinement loss of fundamental core modes increases with twist rate, whereas for a sufficiently large core offset the modes can be well confined owing to the twist-induced light guidance mechanism, showing decreases with rising twist rate in the loss spectra. Moreover, we have found that for large twist rates and core offsets, resonant peaks occur at different twist rates due to the couplings between the fundamental core modes and the highly leaky modes created by the helical structure. The refractive index sensing performance is also studied and the obtained results show that the proposed fiber has great potential in fiber sensing.
Numerical Simulations of the Fractional Systems of Volterra Integral Equations within the Chebyshev Pseudo-Spectral Method
Authors: Sunthrayuth Pongsakorn , Naeem Muhammad , Shah Nehad Ali , Shah Rasool , Chung Jae Dong
Published: December 2022

In this article, we find the solutions to fractional Volterra-type integral equation nonlinear systems through a Chebyshev pseudo-spectral method (CPM). The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo manner. The suggested method’s accuracy and reliability are confirmed by the results. The proposed method is implemented for solving various nonlinear systems; the results we obtained were compared with the exact solution and other method solutions. The graphical representation and tables show that our method’s error quickly converges as compared to other methods. By comparing the proposed method’s solution with the actual solution and other methods, we can confirm that CPM is more accurate and closer to the exact solution. We display the pointwise solution in the tables, which verifies the proposed method’s accuracy at each point and aids in a better comprehension of the suggested approach. Moreover, the results of using the suggested method at different fractional orders are examined, showing that when a value moves from a fractional order to an integer order, the result is closer to the precise solution. Furthermore, the proposed technique for handling fractional-order linear and non-linear physical problems in science and engineering is straightforward to implement.
Crosstalk between Mycotoxins and Intestinal Microbiota and the Alleviation Approach via Microorganisms
Authors: Xia Daiyang , Mo Qianyuan , Yang Lin , Wang Wence
Published: December 2022

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungus. Due to their widespread distribution, difficulty in removal, and complicated subsequent harmful by-products, mycotoxins pose a threat to the health of humans and animals worldwide. Increasing studies in recent years have highlighted the impact of mycotoxins on the gut microbiota. Numerous researchers have sought to illustrate novel toxicological mechanisms of mycotoxins by examining alterations in the gut microbiota caused by mycotoxins. However, few efficient techniques have been found to ameliorate the toxicity of mycotoxins via microbial pathways in terms of animal husbandry, human health management, and the prognosis of mycotoxin poisoning. This review seeks to examine the crosstalk between five typical mycotoxins and gut microbes, summarize the functions of mycotoxins-induced alterations in gut microbes in toxicological processes and investigate the application prospects of microbes in mycotoxins prevention and therapy from a variety of perspectives. The work is intended to provide support for future research on the interaction between mycotoxins and gut microbes, and to advance the technology for preventing and controlling mycotoxins.
Apprehensions and Optimism among Dental Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Evaluation
Authors: Rao Lakshmi , Shetty Aditya , Senthilkumar Priyanka , Rao Prasanna , Shetty Heeresh , Shetty Shreya , Doddawad Vidya , Natarajan Srikant , Pawar Ajinkya , Baliga Manjeshwar , Luke Alexander , Karobari Mohmed
Published: December 2022

Globally, the pandemic of the coronavirus disease, which started in Wuhan, China, has become a major issue for public health. The COVID-19 epidemic notably causes health professionals to experience significantly more emotional stress than the general populace. The present study proposes to investigate the fear aspect in dentists in the initiation of clinical practice during these times. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among dental practitioners based on a pre-validated questionnaire. The data were expressed as frequency and percentage analyzed using the chi-square test using SPSS version 25. The data was obtained from 271 participants, where clinical practice after the first wave was mostly by freelancers (p-value = 0.01); most of whom were married (p-value = 0.065); 19.1% attached to institutes did not have changes in earnings; 28.1% of private practitioners had less than 10% reduction in cases. A total of 62% of private practitioners are concerned about the vaccine’s preventative effects (p-value = 0.026), and 57% of private practitioners worry about being sued for the delay in treatment (p-value = 0.036). Only 33.1% of employees in institutions worry that becoming sick could endanger their family. As dentists continue to work their way through this pandemic, these pressures only occasionally have an impact on them. According to the researchers, this is the first study that has captured the anxiety and apprehensions that dental practitioners experienced during the height of the COVID-19 outbreak in India in April 2021. The study’s findings demonstrate that the study population was generally upbeat and confident that they could quickly overcome their fear.
Concurrent Chorioptic Mange and Dermatophytosis in Dairy Goats: A Case Report
Authors: Rambozzi Luisa , Meneguz Pier Giuseppe , Molinar Min Anna Rita , Pasquetti Mario , Peano Andrea
Published: December 2022

A concurrent chorioptic mange and dermatophytosis outbreak occurred in a goat flock in northwestern Italy. Sanitation of the flock was obtained following pour-on eprinomectin application at a dose of 1 mg/kg; enilconazole was used for environmental disinfection against dermatophyte spores.
Clinical outcomes with of the Contix Faecal Incontinence Management System: preliminary results
Authors: Venturero Moris , Yehuda-Margalit Reuma , Maradey-Romero Carla , Corcos Yael , Carter Dan , Beer-Gabel Marc
Published: December 2022

Fecal incontinence (FI) has a significant long-term impact on patient quality of life for which there is a range of medical and surgical management alternatives. We report the preliminary outcome using the ForConti Contix Faecal Incontinence Management System (FIMS) in FI patients who had failed conservative therapy and who were recruited at 2 tertiary institutions between September 2018 and September 2020. Comparative assessments were made before and after 2 week periods of treatment using bowel diaries and subjective Wexner and Faecal Incontinence Quality of Life scores. Of 17 patients enrolled, 11 completed an 8-week assessment with a significant fall in the average percentage of FI days reported from 84% before treatment to 16.8% at the first posttreatment assessment and down to 13.2% by the second assessment period. This finding correlated with a similar reduction in the total weekly number of episodes of frank FI, minor soiling, and fecal urgency reported by patients along with concomitant improvements in the Wexner scores. For those using the device, there was less concern about accidental bowel leakage, high rates of satisfaction, and minimal problems with the device. Initial results are encouraging warranting further study.
A Class of Congruencies on Distributive Semilattice
Authors: Bekele Tolesa Dekeba , Reta Tesfu
Published: December 2022

In this paper we, contribute the notation of natural epimorphism of a semilattice on the quotient semilattice and subsemilattice. If S is distributive semilattice and F is a filter of S, then we demonstrate that θF is the smallest congruence on S containing F in a single equivalence class and that S/θF is distributive. In addition, the author proved that map FθF is an isomorphism from the lattice of F0(S) all non-empty filters of S into a permutable sublattice of the lattice C(S) of all congruencies on S.
Compensation écologique et trame verte et bleue : une combinaison à explorer pour la biodiversité
Authors: Dupont Lucie
Published: December 2022

Le rapport du Sénat relatif à la compensation des atteintes à la biodiversité met en lumière les propositions d’identifier des zones à fort potentiel de restauration écologique en cohérence avec la trame verte et bleue (TVB), mais également de localiser de manière préférentielle les mesures de compensation écologique au sein de territoires cohérents avec la trame verte et bleue. Ces propositions visent à faciliter la mise en oeuvre de la compensation au sein de la séquence ERC mais permettent également d’inscrire les mesures compensatoires au sein d’une cohérence écologique territoriale. La mutualisation des outils de TVB et de compensation écologique présente de nombreux avantages, mais qui ne doivent pas éclipser les objectifs premiers de chacun des deux mécanismes. La conciliation des deux dispositifs doit ainsi se faire sans altérer leurs finalités premières. Ce sera ensuite aux collectivités territoriales de proposer une mise en oeuvre concrète de cette mutualisation, grâce à l’utilisation de solutions réglementaires et conventionnelles.
Réparer le vivant : éthique de la compensation
Authors: Grimonprez Benoît
Published: December 2022

The mechanism of ecological compensation has a paradox, it is denounced on the ethical level and consecrated on the legal level. While they are supposed to repair the environmental damages, the compensatory measures are accused of bad intentions : authorization to destroy biodiversity, financial drift of the management of nature… Despite these criticisms, ecological compensation can find a a profound moral issue if it is used like an accountability tool between human and nature, and more broadly, an instrument for dynamic management of territories.
Using Social Capital to Mitigate Impacts of Covid-19: Lessons from Returning Migrant Workers and Their Families in a Laotian Province Bordering Thailand
Authors: Dang Angie
Published: December 2022

In the global context of the Covid-19 pandemic, migrant workers and their families are subject to job cuts, state-imposed restrictions, hostility, discrimination, prejudice and harassment from communities who fear catching the virus from them. They receive little or no state support compared to other population groups. How have migrant workers and their families managed these challenges? What could be learned from them in terms of pandemic management and support to vulnerable groups? Findings from a study in a Laotian province bordering Thailand show that returning migrant workers and their families sourced and used social capital to mitigate the impacts of the first wave of Covid-19. Their social-capital strategies have helped them to cope with the pandemic. Implications are discussed along with recommendations for support and intervention.
Using Chatbots in Customer Service: A Case Study of Air New Zealand
Authors: Thi Phuong Anh Le , Rajah Edwin
Published: December 2022

The use of chatbots in a customer-service context is one instance of the application of digital technology to generate a competitive advantage for business. Chatbot service offers precise, instant and tailored responses for customer enquiries through a range of communication channels to many users simultaneously. However, there are concerns about customers’ perceptions of whether chatbots offer a human-like experience in customer-service interactions. The focus of this study is to investigate customers’ perceptions of the use of Air New Zealand’s chatbot customer service and its effects on customer satisfaction. This exploratory study adopted qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews for the collection of primary data from 11 users of Air New Zealand’s chatbot service, Bravo Oscar Tango (Oscar). The results show that the chatbot service is appropriate for solving routine customer problems, providing standardised information for frequently asked questions (FAQs) and resolving non-complex customer issues. Generally, respondents were satisfied with Oscar’s service quality. However, customers perceived that the customer-service interactions lack the human-like qualities of a human customer-service agent for resolving complex customer queries. The quality of the chatbot service did not substantially impact on customers’ overall satisfaction with Air New Zealand.
Modifying Knowledge Risk Strategy Using Threat Lessons Learned from COVID-19 in 2020-21 in the United States
Authors: Jennex Murray , Durcikova Alexandra , Ilvonen Ilona
Published: December 2022

2020 and 2021 have shown us that the likelihood of extreme events is more significant than we would have expected. Due to extreme circumstances, organizational resources are stretched to their limits, making organizations more vulnerable to attacks affecting their knowledge systems and knowledge assets. This paper conducts an intelligence-based threat assessment by analyzing published reports on events during the 2020-21 period against a set of five knowledge risks to identify threats and determine if they increase the likelihood of these risks occurring. We identify six possible changes in knowledge risk strategy to mitigate these threats: proper knowledge identification, guidelines for employee online behavior, identification and evaluation of online communication channels, re-evaluation of how work is to be performed, creation of knowledge capture processes for departing personnel, and performing a knowledge risk re-assessment. Additionally, we conclude that organizations need expertise in identifying and countering misinformation and disinformation to defend themselves from these new cyber threats.
Meta-model of detailing integral estimates to define the causes of the state of natural and anthropogenic safety of territories
Authors:   Institute of Computational Modeling SB RAS, Penkova T.G. , Nicheporchuk V. V.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a meta-model and an algorithm for detailing integral estimates to determine the causes of the state of natural and anthropogenic safety of territories and the formation of management recommendations based on hierarchical dependencies of the causes of problem situations. On the example of the results of integral assessment of the natural and anthropogenic safety of the Krasnoyarsk krai territories, the authors consider the principles of forming an integral assessments hierarchy, their detailing and the formation of management recommendations, taking into account the peculiarities of the strategic management of the territories safety.
Çocuk Gelin ve Kadına Şiddet Durumunun İncelenmesi (Malazgirt Örneği)
Authors: GÜLEN Yılmaz , GÜLEN Salih
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı Malazgirt ilçesindeki kadınların evlenme yaşı ve evlilik sürecinde psikolojik-fiziksel şiddete maruz kalma durumlarının belirlenmesidir. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama (survey) yapılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Veriler anket formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmada toplanan veriler Microsoft Excel Programı kullanılarak frekans (f) ve yüzde (%) teknikleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi sonunda kadınların önemli bir bölümünün 18 yaşının altında evlendiği ve çok çocuklu oldukları söylenebilir. Kadınların neredeyse yarısının eşleri başta olmak üzere aile üyelerinden şiddet gördüğü belirlenmiştir. Sonuçların doğrultusunda öneriler sunulmuştur.
Teknolojinin İlerici Potansiyeli ve Emeğin Dönüşümü
Authors: KARACA Çağlar
Published: December 2022

Teknolojik keşiflerdeki ivmeyle birlikte tam otomasyonun gerçekleşme olasılığı artık beklenir hale gelmiştir. Bu durumla birlikte, tam otomasyonun geniş çaplı ve küresel ölçekte bir yapısal işsizliğe yol açacağı kaygısı doğmuş ve emeğin nasıl bir dönüşümden geçeceği sorgulanır hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, tam otomasyonun gerçekleşme olasılığı ve sonuçlarının yanı sıra ilerici potansiyeli emek eksenli bir yaklaşımla tartışmaya açılmıştır. Bu amaçla, makalenin ilk bölümünde yakın dönemde robotik ve yapay zeka alanında gerçekleşen gelişmeler betimlenmiş ve ilgili toplumsal problemler insan-makine ilişkisinin felsefî boyutu açısından ele alınmıştır. Makalenin ikinci ve üçüncü bölümünde ise teknolojinin yol açtığı işsizlik, emeğin yabancılaşması ve yeni çevre problemleri ele alınmaktadır. Teknoloji-kapitalizm ilişkisindeki yapısal krizler ve sermayenin emeği kontrol altında tutmasına yarayan olanaklar çözümlenmeden, otomasyonla ilgili ütopik beklentiler temelsiz kalacaktır. Bununla birlikte, mevcut ekonomik koşullar açısından gerçekçi olmaya çağrı, teknolojinin yarattığı muazzam dönüştürücü potansiyeli reddetmeyi de gerektirmez. Teknoloji bir yandan işsizlik ve sosyal eşitsizlik yaratırken, diğer yandan da yüksek emek verimliliği aracılığıyla bolluk getirmektedir. Makalenin son bölümünde teknolojinin olumlu ve olumsuz yanları ele alınmakta, işsizlik konusundaki güncel çözüm önerileri tartışılmakta ve bu ETG gibi mevcut bazı yaklaşımlar eleştiriye tabi tutulmaktadır. Eleştirilen bu önerilere alternatif olarak, çalışma saatlerinin düşmesi talebinin hem gerçekçi hem de uzun vadeli bir çözüm olarak ilerici bir seçenek olduğu öne sürülmektedir. Bunun neden söz konusu talebin emeğin lehine bir durum yaratmanın yanı sıra, kapitalizmin geleneksel üretim biçimiyle makinelerin sunabileceği arzu edilir bir gelecek arasındaki çelişkiyi derinleştirecek ve post-kapitalist bir perspektifi gündemde tutacaktır.
A Decision Support System For Detecting Stage In Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Using Artificial Neural Network and Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Akalın Fatma , Orhan Mehmet Fatih , Buyukavci Mustafa
Published: December 2022

Hodgkin-type lymphoma is a disease with unique histological, immunophenotypic, and clinical features. This disease occurs in nearly 30% of all lymphomas. Its treatable is high. However, the treatment plan is specified after the stage and risk status are determined. For this reason, it is an important process for doctors to decide on the stage of the disease correctly. Some of the data used for this decision are the patient's history, detailed physical examination, laboratory findings, imaging methods and bone marrow biopsy results. Hybrid FDG-PET is the other method used in the medical world. This method is used in diagnosis, evaluation of response given to treatment, staging and restaging process. However, it is radiation-based. Therefore it has the possibility of producing undesirable results in the future. In this study, an artificial intelligence-based computer-assisted decision support system is done to reduce the number of used medical methods and radiation exposure. Data were obtained from the NCBI-GEO dataset. The evaluation of these data, which contains missing values, is handled in two ways. Firstly, samples with missing values in the initial evaluation are deleted from the dataset. Then, these data are trained with “trainlm” function in artificial neural network architecture. However, reducing the error value of the estimates is important. For this, the artificial neural network architecture is retrained with the artificial bee colony algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm and invasive weed algorithm, respectively. Secondly, the same operations are performed again on the dataset containing missing values. As a result of the training, the maximum performance was obtained for invasive weed and particle swarm optimization algorithms with 1,45547E+14 and 1,23103E+14 average error rates, respectively.
expansão metropolitana de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Costa Heloisa Soares de Moura
Published: December 2022

O Projeto Eixo-Sul teve início em junho de 2002 e estará concluído no segundo semestre de 2006, tendo contado com financiamentos da Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa da UFMG, do CNPq e da FAPEMIG. Em linhas gerais, pode ser considerado bastante bem sucedido em dois aspectos: a) tem propiciado uma reflexão importante sobre a dinâmica metropolitana recente, em particular no que se refere tanto aos processos de expansão urbana quanto às tentativas de regulação de tais processos nos campos urbano e ambiental; b) tem possibilitado a articulação de professores, pesquisadores e alunos de pós-graduação e graduação de diferentes cursos e unidades da UFMG e fora dela, consolidando a pesquisa em caráter interdisciplinar e permanente em torno dos estudos urbanos e regionais. O projeto de pesquisa envolve onze professores pesquisadores de Programas de Pós-graduação (Geografia, Demografia, Economia e Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UFMG e Ciências Sociais da PUC-Minas), da FAFICH/UFMG, um professor visitante (CSU, Chico, CA), além de alunos de graduação e pós-graduação. (...)
Zoneamento geoambiental do município de São Pedro do Sul – RS
Authors: Menezes Daniel Junges , Trentin Romário , Robaina Luís Eduardo de Souza , Sccoti Anderson Augusto Volpato
Published: December 2022

Os estudos geoambientais, embora recentes, cada vez mais ganham espaço nas discussões a cerca da Geografia, pois apresentam como característica marcante a integração entre os aspetos que compõem o meio natural, diante à presença da ocupação e atividades humanas, agregando ainda reflexões a cerca das fragilidades oriundas desta interação, como também sugere alternativas a respeito de um melhor aproveitamento destes espaços, na condição de potencialidades. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração do zoneamento geoambiental do município de São Pedro do Sul. Na elaboração do zoneamento geoambiental, foram analisados diversos elementos do meio físico e também do uso e ocupação do solo. Através da correlação entre estas informações foi possível a definição das Unidades Geoambientais do município a partir das seguintes porções do território: Unidade Toropi, Unidade Ibicuí-Mirim, Unidade Xiniquá, Unidade Taquara, Unidade Guassupi, Unidade Erminda e Unidade São Pedro. Neste contexto, quando aliados a cartografia, os estudos geoambientais geram uma série de produtos georreferenciados e com aplicabilidade para diversos usos, em função da já referida análise integrada que os caracterizam, podendo ser utilizados para o planejamento, gestão ambiental, assim como subsídios para a implantação de projetos que visem a recuperação de áreas degradas e ganhos significativos quanto a qualidade ambiental.
Migração e urbanização no Brasil
Authors: Matos Ralfo
Published: December 2022

A proximidade entre urbanização e migração é evidente. A colonização europeia e o surgimento de núcleos de povoamento dependentes da exploração de recursos naturais foi um processo que atraiu migrantes do mundo inteiro, sobretudo quando metais preciosos eram descobertos. Cidades e povoados ganhavam muito com a imigração em massa, especialmente se a riqueza mineral ocupasse muitos anos de exploração, como ocorreu na America do Norte e no Brasil dos séculos XVIII e XIX. Esse foi o tempo da urbanização esparsa de tipo pré-industrial. Um segundo momento teve início no século XX quando determinadas cidades e regiões concentraram grande número de atividades industriais e imigrantes, a maioria deles de origem rural. No Brasil, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo tornaram-se polos regionais e atraíram milhões de imigrantes por várias décadas. Um terceiro momento iniciou-se a partir de 1980 no Brasil, com a dispersão de população e investimentos em direção a cidades de porte médio em diversas regiões do país. Esse artigo expõe algumas evidências empíricas sobre essas três temporalidades e destaca os nexos de causalidade que as explicam.
Impactos ambientais macroscópicos e qualidade das águas em nascentes de parques municipais em Belo Horizonte-MG
Authors: Felippe Miguel Fernandes , Magalhães Júnior Antônio Pereira
Published: December 2022

As nascentes são sistemas ambientais importantes para a manutenção do equilíbrio hidrológico, geomorfológico e biológico. Porém, em espaços metropolitanos do Brasil, as redes fluviais encontram-se intensamente modificadas de modo que as nascentes são drenadas ou aterradas, em sua maioria. Mesmo em unidades de conservação, a qualidade dos solos e da água é afetada devido aos impactos do meio externo. Esse trabalho avalia a qualidade ambiental de nascentes em três parques urbanos em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados permitem verificar as condições da água e da área circunvizinha de 79 nascentes. Foram utilizados testes microbiológicos para analisar a qualidade das águas e um protocolo macroscópico para a qualidade ambiental. Houve uma acentuada variação das respostas nos testes aplicados, indicando que as características espaciais dos parques têm grande influência na qualidade das nascentes. Esse fato torna ainda mais relevante os processos de gestão das unidades de conservação. Entretanto, algumas características das nascentes podem aumentar sua vulnerabilidade à degradação, fato que demanda futuros estudos para explorar melhor a temática.
Conhecimentos e saberes no entorno do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, MG
Authors: Santos Altair Sancho Pivoto dos , Almeida Fabiana Andrade Bernardes , Coelho Eduardo de Ávila , Pires Maria de Fátima Ávila
Published: December 2022

Frente aos inúmeros problemas ambientais vivenciados pelas sociedades nas últimas décadas, a criação de unidades de conservação (UC’s) passou a representar a principal estratégia de proteção da natureza no Brasil. No caso específico dos Parques, foco deste estudo, apesar de sua relevância ecológico-social, a implantação e gestão dessa categoria de UC nem sempre incorpora uma perspectiva capaz de conciliar conservação de recursos naturais e manutenção de atividades de manejo realizadas por comunidades residentes no seu interior ou no seu entorno, fazendo emergir conflitos e disputas territoriais com grande repercussão sobre a biodiversidade e sobre os modos de vida das comunidades. Norteado por essas reflexões, este trabalho se propõe a investigar a realidade na qual estão inseridos os agricultores familiares do entorno do Parque Estadual de Ibitipoca (PEIb), com olhar específico para a comunidade de Mogol, procurando-se compreender a influência/relação do PEIb nos modos de vida de seus moradores e refletir sobre limites e possibilidades da estruturação e incremento de atividades agrícolas e não-agrícolas capazes de contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dessa comunidade. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram a realização de levantamento bibliográfico e documental e entrevistas com agricultores familiares e gestores públicos municipais e institucionais de interesse. Com a realização desse estudo, foi possível reconhecer as dificuldades socioeconômicas enfrentadas pelos agricultores familiares da comunidade do Mogol, associadas principalmente à decadência de práticas agrícolas tradicionais, ineficiência de políticas sociais e rurais e forte especulação imobiliária decorrente da criação do PEIb, cenário que representa um desafio às iniciativas de gestão desse território.
Modelagem da dinâmica da expansão urbana no Vetor Norte da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte e análises sobre as novas infraestruturas viárias previstas até 2031
Authors: Sampaio Daniel Martins , Timbó Elmiro Marcos Antônio , Nóbrega Rodrigo Affonso de Albuquerque
Published: December 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar um modelo de dinâmica de cobertura do solo para simular cenários de expansão urbana no Vetor Norte da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH) e verificar as influências espaciais da implantação de infraestruturas de acessibilidade previstas neste espaço, considerando o horizonte preditivo para 2031. Através do emprego de técnicas de geoprocessamento, sensoriamento remoto e modelagem de dados, foi possível identificar que as maiores mudanças de cobertura do solo urbano ocorreram nas porções noroeste e leste do Vetor Norte. As variáveis utilizadas foram testadas e o modelo de predição de mudança de cobertura do solo urbano alcançou um índice de acurácia de 82,61%, proporcionando a elaboração de um cenário projetado para o ano-base 2011. Este cenário foi validado com o mapeamento realizado a partir da imagem de satélite da mesma data e apresentou um índice de acerto de 92,60%, com 7,40% atribuídos a erros de comissão. Após esta análise, foram elaborados três cenários preditivos para 2031, onde se verificou que a maior tendência de mudança de cobertura do solo urbano poderá ocorrer em parte dos municípios de Ribeirão das Neves, São José da Lapa, Vespasiano e Santa Luzia. Como conclusão, a modelagem da dinâmica do crescimento urbano mostrou-se eficiente e a análise desenvolvida contribui para o estudo e a aplicação de políticas públicas para ordenar a expansão urbana prevista.
Artificialização de cursos d’água urbanos e transferência de passivos ambientais entre territórios municipais
Authors: Marques Cristiano Pena Magalhães , Junior Antônio Pereira Magalhães
Published: December 2022

Embora as históricas e tradicionais intervenções estruturais em cursos d’água urbanos sejam cada vez mais questionadas por parte da comunidade científica e setores da sociedade civil, algumas cidades brasileiras ainda insistem em priorizar esta lógica de artificialização em seus processos políticos. O caso de Belo Horizonte (MG) ilustra bem esta perpetuação das políticas de artificialização dos cursos d’água no Brasil, sendo a canalização do ribeirão Arrudas, principal eixo hidrográfico da cidade, uma das intervenções mais representativas da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Devido ao fato de não ter sido realizada sob a ótica de gestão metropolitana e sim sob a lógica tradicional das políticas intramunicipais, essa intervenção trouxe como consequência a manifestação de impactos negativos no território de Sabará, uma vez que, neste município, o Ribeirão volta a drenar sob a condição de leito natural. Assim, a partir da realização de visita de campo, consulta à literatura específica do tema, elaboração de mapas e o desenvolvimento de análises de caráter qualitativo, objetiva-se, por meio do estudo de caso do Ribeirão Arrudas em Belo Horizonte, apresentar reflexões sobre os efeitos socioambientais das intervenções estruturais em cursos d’água urbanos, bem como os conflitos municipais resultantes da transferência de passivos ambientais entre municípios.
Climatologia das chuvas em Rondônia – período 1981-2011
Authors: Franca Rafael Rodrigues da
Published: December 2022

A precipitação pluvial é o elemento atmosféricode maior importância na região intertropical, sejapor sua expressividade em termos de volume,variabilidade têmporo-espacial ou mesmo pelosimpactos meteóricos causados em conseqüência deeventos pluviais intensos. A região amazônica sedistingue por ser uma das mais extensas áreas quentese úmidas do Planeta, com índices pluviométricos emtorno dos 2300 mm/ano, em média, e de até 5000mm/ano no setor ocidental da região. Em Rondôniasão encontrados volumes de chuva entre 1300 e2600 mm/ano. O clima predominante em Rondôniaé do tipo Equatorial Quente Úmido com três mesessecos.
Licenciamento Ambiental de Grandes Empreendimentos Minerários
Authors: Costa Alfredo , Fernandes Felippe Miguel , Reis Gabriela
Published: December 2022

Inspirado pela tragédia causada pelo rompimento da barragem de Fundão em Mariana – ocorrida em novembro de 2015 - e seus danos ao longo do vale do rio Doce, este artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar o conjunto de falhas na construção do processo de licenciamento de grandes empreendimentos minerários no Brasil e em Minas Gerais. Neste sentido, é apresentado um estudo de caráter descritivo e exploratório que tem por metodologia o diálogo entre bibliografia especializada, as experiências profissionais dos autores em diversos projetos de licenciamento ambiental e as observações de campo realizadas em expedição ao longo do rio Doce 15 dias após a tragédia. Como resultado, verificou-se que diversos aspectos que hoje são apontados pela grande mídia como falhas graves nos processos de licenciamento ambiental já vinham sendo alarmados pela academia sem a devida contrapartida governamental e civil.
Técnicas de sensoriamento remoto para análise temporal do espelho d’água da Lagoa Grande na cidade de Sete Lagoas – MG
Authors: Pizani Fernanda Mara Coelho , Pereira Max Paulo Rocha , Silva Matheus Miranda da , Elmiro Marcos Antônio Timbó
Published: December 2022

Nos últimos anos muitos estudos têm sido desenvolvidos acerca das pressões que os corpos hídricos vêm sofrendo frente à urbanização, industrialização e demais usos que impactam direta e indiretamente esses recursos. As superfícies lacustres exercem importante papel na qualidade ambiental de áreas urbanas e periurbanas. O município de Sete Lagoas é caracterizado pela baixa disponibilidade de água superficial, logo o consumo urbano (residencial, industrial e demais usos) é obtido quase em sua totalidade (cerca de 95%) de poços subterrâneos. As áreas de recarga hídrica são de extrema importância para manutenção dessa captação de água. A Lagoa Grande se apresenta como uma lagoa perene que demonstra uma diminuição do seu espelho d’água nos últimos dez anos, mais expressivamente nos últimos cinco anos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar tal redução utilizando ferramentas e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto aliadas a análises estatísticas, de forma a discutir o potencial dessas metodologias no monitoramento de variáveis ambientais. Os resultados obtidos por meio das imagens de satélites mostraram-se eficientes na detecção da perceptível diminuição do espelho d’água da Lagoa Grande. Identificou-se a existência de uma significante redução da área desta lagoa em relação às demais analisadas (cerca de 81% de decréscimo do espelho d'água no período analisado – 2008 a 2018).
Aspectos anatômicos do sistema genital masculino da cuíca Philander opossum (Linnaeus, 1758) Didelphidae – Marsupialia
Authors: Ribeiro Maria das Graças , Nogueira José Carlos
Published: December 2022

O sistema genital masculino do Philander opossum apresenta-se constituído pelos testículos e epidídimos (envoltos pela pigmentada lâmina parietal de túnica vaginal), ligados pelos pedículos testículo-epididimários e contidos num penduloso escroto, piloso e pré-penial. O funículo espermático possui um complexo arranjo vascular e desenvolvido músculo cremaster. Os ductos deferentes apresentam três porções: epididimária, funicular e abdominal, esta última não possuindo ampola e desembocando na porção cranial da uretra prostática. A próstata e disseminada na mucosa uretral e dividida em segmentos cranial, medio e caudal, seguindo-se uma longa uretra membranosa que recebe, caudalmente, os ductos dos três pares de glândulas bulbo-uretrais, estas se relacionando com os músculos isquiocavernosos e bulbo-esponjosos. O pênis é desenvolvido e apresenta acentuada flexura sigmoide ao nivel do corpo, em cuja curvatura dorsal se inserem OS musculos retratores. A glande e bífida e possui dois sulcos uretrais, que seguem medialmente em cada extremidade livre, terminando ventro-lateralmente, antes do ápice. O pênis é parcialmente envolvido pelo prepúcio e exposto através da bolsa cloacal.