bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Citizen as Issue Specialists in a Changing Media Environment
Authors: Jang S. , Park Yong
Published: November 2013

Although recent research suggests that the selective nature of new media helps foster issue specialists, little empirical evidence has been documented, mostly due to theoretical and methodological limitations. Extending the concept of issue publics, the present study proposes a method to estimate the degree to which an individual is a specialist- or a generalist-type citizen. Applying the method to the 2008 American National Election Studies data, the study reveals various characteristics of specialists and generalists. The results indicate that specialist-type citizens are positively associated with online news use, but negatively associated with conventional news media, such as television, newspaper, and radio. The implications of the growth of specialists as well as the validity of the proposed method are discussed.
Mobile, Cloud, and Big Data Computing: Contributions, Challenges, and New Directions in Telecardiology
Authors: Hsieh Jui-Chien , Li Ai-Hsien , Yang Chung-Chi
Published: November 2013

Many studies have indicated that computing technology can enable off-site cardiologists to read patients’ electrocardiograph (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO), and relevant images via smart phones during pre-hospital, in-hospital, and post-hospital teleconsultation, which not only identifies emergency cases in need of immediate treatment, but also prevents the unnecessary re-hospitalizations. Meanwhile, several studies have combined cloud computing and mobile computing to facilitate better storage, delivery, retrieval, and management of medical files for telecardiology. In the future, the aggregated ECG and images from hospitals worldwide will become big data, which should be used to develop an e-consultation program helping on-site practitioners deliver appropriate treatment. With information technology, real-time tele-consultation and tele-diagnosis of ECG and images can be practiced via an e-platform for clinical, research, and educational purposes. While being devoted to promote the application of information technology onto telecardiology, we need to resolve several issues: (1) data confidentiality in the cloud, (2) data interoperability among hospitals, and (3) network latency and accessibility. If these challenges are overcome, tele-consultation will be ubiquitous, easy to perform, inexpensive, and beneficial. Most importantly, these services will increase global collaboration and advance clinical practice, education, and scientific research in cardiology.
La poesía guaraní frente al tercer milenio
Authors: Delgado Susy
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- The actual state of the poetic production in guarani: a vision proposed by Susy Delgado. Location of this poetic movement in the sociolinguistic and politic context of Paraguay.
Involvement of Oncogenic Protein β-Catenin in LPS-Induced Cytotoxicity in Mouse Mononuclear Leukemia RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Koide Naoki , Naiki Yoshikazu , Odkhuu Erdenezaya , Tsolmongyn Bilegtsaikhan , Komatsu Takayuki , Ito Kiyoaki , Yoshida Tomoaki , Yokochi Takashi
Published: November 2013

A toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) not only activates expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, but it also often shows toxicity in monocytes. Whether an oncogenic protein, β-catenin, is positively involved in LPS-induced cytotoxicity in a
mouse leukemic monocyte cell line, RAW 264.7, was examined. TWS119, a GSK-3β inhibitor, increased LPS-induced β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus and augmented LPS-induced cytotoxicity. Cardamonin, a β-catenin inhibitor, inhibited LPS-induced β-catenin accumulation in
the nucleus and reduced LPS-induced cytotoxicity. To confirm that β-catenin is involved in LPS-induced cytotoxicity, silencing of β-catenin expression by siRNA was carried out. The results were that knockdown of β-catenin reduced LPS-induced cytotoxicity. Interestingly, Cardamonin
treatment or β-catenin silencing reduced LPS-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses such as PERK and e1F-2α phosphorylation and CHOP expression. Moreover, TWS119 increased LPS-induced ER stress responses. On the basis of these results, the oncogenic protein β-catenin
is considered to be positively involved in LPS-induced cytotoxicity, possibly by downregulating ER stress responses.
Le rêve et la fonction sensation
Authors: Leterrier-Bourrec Monique , Guilbault Dominique , Malfilâtre Marie-Christine
Published: November 2013

À partir d’un premier souvenir d’enfance et d’expériences proches de la mort (EMI), Monique Leterrier rend compte de son ancrage dans la fonction sensation venant guider son approche du rêve et étayer la dimension d’effacement donnée pour essentielle dans sa pratique de l’analyse.
OBSERVATIONS OF PEAK STRENGTH BEHAVIOR IN CSA CEMENT MORTARS
Authors: Brien Joshua V. , Henke Kevin R. , Mahboub Kamyar C.
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this study was to assess the mechanical property performance behavior of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement mortar when cured at ambient laboratory temperature of ~23°C (73°F) and constant 50% relative humidity for an extended period of time. Four CSA cement mortars were tested. Three CSA cement mortars contained equivalent mass amounts of calcium sulfate; whereas, the fourth mortar contained double the amount of calcium sulfate. The three CSA cement mortars containing constant mass amounts of calcium sulfate differed as the specific type of calcium sulfate varied across the three formulations—one mortar containing solely anhydrite, one mortar contained half anhydrite and half gypsum while the other mortar solely contained gypsum. The fourth mortar contained double the amount of calcium sulfate when compared with the others while having a 1/1 blend of anhydrite and gypsum. Specific mortars were either tested for direct tensile strength according to ASTM C307 or for compressive strength according to ASTM C109. All tested mortars displayed statistically significant strength loss trends versus time when cured at constant 50% relative humidity. Cement paste samples were analyzed with TGA/SDT and XRD in an effort to identify microstructure changes corresponding to observed strength loss. Cement paste analysis suggests strength loss within the tested CSA cement mortars occurred as a result of ettringite decomposition.
God and the world in the epistles of Paul
Authors: Wolter Michael
Published: November 2013

Paul is not interested in cosmological thinking in the proper sense of the word. This article starts by questioning the cosmological language of biblical writings. The authors of the books of the New Testament mostly use terms they found in the Septuagint – with a few remarkable exceptions. This article described how the specific term κόσμος has been used by the New Testament authors. There are two main usages of κόσμος: (1) as an anthropological term to describes mankind in its entirety; and (2) as an ecclesiological term to describes ‘the others’, that is the non-believers or the people outside the church. This is the reason why God is never called ‘the king of the world’; he is only its judge. Paulus was nie sodanig in kosmologiese denke geïnteresseerd nie. Hierdie artikel begin met ’n vraag na die kosmologiese taalgebruik van Bybelse geskrifte. Die skrywers van die Nuwe Testamentiese boeke het meestal die terme gebruik wat hulle in die Septuaginta gevind het − met ’n paar merkwaardige uitsonderings. Hierdie artikel verduidelik hoe die term κόσμος deur Nuwe Testamentiese skrywers gebruik is. Twee hoofgebruike van κόσμος word genoem: (1) as ’n antropologiese term om die totale mensdom te beskryf; en (2) as ’n ekklesiologiese term om ‘die ander’, naamlik die nie-gelowiges of die buitekerklikes, te beskryf. Dit is die rede waarom God nooit ‘die koning van die wêreld’ genoem word nie; Hy is slegs die regter daarvan.
Altered Postnatal Cell Proliferation in Brains of Mouse Pups Prenatally Exposed to IgG from Mothers of Children with Autistic Disorder
Authors: Kadam Shilpa D. , French Beth M. , Kim S-T. , Morris-Berry Christy M. , Zimmerman Andrew W. , Blue Mary E. , Singer Harvey S.
Published: November 2013

Auto antibodies found in the mothers of children with autistic disorder (MCAD) when passively transferred to pregnant mice cause behavioral alterations in juvenile and adult offspring. The goal of this study was to identify whether intraperitoneal injection of MCAD-IgG during gestation affected postnatal cell proliferation and survival in P7 offspring. Pooled MCAD-IgG or IgG from mothers of unaffected children (MUC) or phosphate-buffered saline was injected daily into C57BL/J6 pregnant dams (gestational days E13–E18). MCAD-IgG exposure significantly increased cell proliferation in the subventricular and subgranular zones. In contrast, BrdU-labeled cells on P1 and surviving until P7 (P1-generated cells) showed reduced cell densities in layers 2–4 of frontal and parietal cortices of MCAD mice compared to those in MUC and PBS-injected mice. In conclusion, significant increases in cell proliferation at P7 and reduced densities of P1-generated cells distinguish in utero exposure to MCAD compared to MUC and PBS.
Response of peach trees to regulated deficit irrigation during stage 2 of fruit development and summer pruning
Authors: López G. , Arbones A. , Del Campo J. , Mata M. , Vallverdu X. , Girona J. , Marsal J.
Published: November 2013

Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) during stage 2 of fruit development and summer pruning (watersprout removal, WSR) can be used to control excessive vegetative growth in high-density peach orchards. The dynamics of tree-light interception after the application of RDI (no irrigation during stage 2) and WSR in summer were evaluated during two consecutive years. RDI and WSR treatments produced similar reductions in the percentage of light intercepted by the tree at the end of the 2-year experiment. However, it was not possible to produce the same seasonal dynamics in the percentage of light intercepted by the tree using the RDI and the WSR techniques; RDI trees showed a gradual reduction in the amount of light intercepted as the productive cycle progressed, while WSR trees showed an immediate reduction in the amount of light intercepted. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for vegetative growth reduction were different in the RDI and the WSR techniques. The RDI technique was associated with reductions in tree water status and decreases in gravimetric soil water (theta g) and fruit growth capacity. RDI may have reduced theta g below the threshold required for optimum fruit growth, whereas WSR reduced water consumption, improved water status and therefore could have benefited fruit growth. Therefore, RDI and WSR greatly differ when the mechanisms responsible for vegetative growth reduction are taken into consideration.
P2Y12-receptor-inhibiting antiplatelet strategies in acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Huber K. , Höchtl T.
Published: November 2013

Antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndromes is essential for preventing stent thrombosis and for reducing major adverse cardiovascular events. Treatment strategy has changed over the last years by frequent use of more active agents inhibiting the ADP mediated activation of platelets instead of clopidogrel, such as prasugrel and ticagrelor. Compared to clopidogrel these modern antiplatelet drugs showed a significant reduction of efficacy endpoints as well as an acceptable safety profile in large multicenter randomized trials (TRITON TIMI 38, PLATO). Going in with higher efficacy a generally higher bleeding risk of prasugrel could be reduced by optimizing the maintenance dose in elderly and underweight patients (TRILOGY-ACS). However even prasugrel and ticagrelor have shown a delayed onset of action in special patient populations (e.g. STEMI) suggesting that the optimal ADP inhibitor has not been found yet. Results of the CHAMPION PHOENIX trial indicate that cangrelor, an intravenous agent, might fulfill these high expectations of an ideal platelet inhibitor in the first hours of an ACS in special patient cohorts.

This review summarizes the results of most important clinical studies investigating the novel P2Y12 receptor inhibiting antiplatelet drugs.
A SMaRT future for our water infrastructure
Authors: Italiano Mike
Published: November 2013

A new tool that gauges a material's sustainability can help decision‐makers choose which products will best serve the public and the environment as infrastructure is repaired or replaced.
Naturally Assembled Excimers in Xanthenes as Singular and Highly Efficient Laser Dyes in Liquid and Solid Media
Authors: Cerdán Luis , Martínez‐Martínez Virginia , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , Costela Angel , Pérez‐Ojeda María E. , Arbeloa Iñigo López , Wu Liangxing , Burgess Kevin
Published: November 2013

Herein, for the first time, outstanding laser performance is demonstrated in liquid solution and solid state by naturally assembling excimers of organic fluorophores (rosamine dyes). Highly efficient and photostable laser dye properties, with broadened tunability covering 80 nm in the red spectral region (590–670 nm), is attributed to the coexistence of monomers and excimers induced under high optical gain conditions. Amplified spontaneous emission measurements in rosamine‐doped polymer thin films show that the excimer exhibits a threshold lower and a gain higher than those corresponding to the monomer species. These laser properties make rosamines excellent candidates for biophotonic and spectroscopic applications, overcoming the main drawbacks exhibited by other long‐wavelength (>600 nm) laser dyes, including low absorption at the standard pump wavelength (532 nm), low laser efficiency, and poor chemo‐ and photostability.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐Bermudenynol, a C15Laurencia Metabolite with a Vinyl Chloride Containing Oxocene Skeleton, through Intramolecular Amide Enolate Alkylation
Authors: Kim Gyudong , Sohn Te‐ik , Kim Deukjoon , Paton Robert S.
Published: November 2013

A substrate‐controlled asymmetric total synthesis of (+)‐bermudenynol, a compact and synthetically challenging C15 Laurencia metabolite that contains several halogen atoms, is reported. The oxocene core, which contains a vinyl chloride, was constructed by an efficient and highly stereoselective intramolecular amide enolate alkylation (IAEA). This result showcases the broad utility of the IAEA methodology as a useful alternative for cases in which the ring‐closing metathesis is inefficient.
Multifunctional Core–Shell Structured Nanocarriers for Synchronous Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment In Vivo
Authors: Chen Yin‐Yin , Ma Ping‐An , Yang Dong‐Mei , Wu Yuan , Dai Yun‐Lu , Li Chun‐Xia , Lin Jun
Published: November 2013

Multifunctional, mesoporous, silica‐coated upconversion luminescent/magnetic NaGdF4:Yb/Er@NaGdF4:Yb@mSiO2PEG (referred to as UCNPS; PEG=polyethylene glycol) nanocomposites were fabricated through a phase‐transfer‐assisted surfactant‐templating coating process, followed by hydrophilic polymer (PEG) functionalization to improve the stability and biocompatibility. The UCNP core imparts the nanomaterials with luminescence and magnetic properties for simultaneous upconversion optical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, whereas the mesoporous shell affords the nanomaterials the ability to load the anticancer drug doxorubicin. Proof‐of‐principle in vitro and in vivo experiments are presented to demonstrate that the resultant composite nanomaterials can serve as nanotheranostics for synchronous upconversion luminescence/MR dual modal imaging and anticancer drug delivery; this finally realizes the integration of diagnostics and the treatment of cancers.
Severe hyperphosphatemia in a patient with chronic kidney disease and multiple myeloma–to strengthen the case toward renal replacement therapy?
Authors: Latus Joerg , Höring Elisabeth , Voehringer Matthias , Ratge Dieter , Alscher M. Dominik , Braun Niko
Published: November 2013

Key Clinical Message

We report a patient with multiple myeloma and chronic kidney disease who presented with severe hyperphosphatemia in the outpatient clinic without any related symptoms. Initial differential diagnosis: Tumor lysis syndrome or chronic kidney disease. Further work‐up revealed pseudohyperphosphatemia. In general, treatment is not necessary if the true phosphate level is within the reference range and the patient is asymptomatic.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Mizoroki–Heck Arylation of Allylamines with Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Zhang Lingjuan , Jiang Zhen , Dong Chaonan , Xue Xiao , Qiu Ruiying , Tang Weijun , Li Huanrong , Xiao Jianliang , Xu Lijin
Published: November 2013

Palladium catalyst systems for the regioselective Mizoroki–Heck arylation of N,N‐diprotected and N‐protected allylamines with aryl chlorides have been developed. Pd(OAc)2 in combination with appropriate additives could efficiently catalyze the linear arylation of N,N‐diprotected allylamines with aryl chlorides in toluene to give exclusively the γ‐arylated products in good to excellent yields and with excellent regio‐ and stereocontrol and good functional group tolerance. With use of a catalytic mixture of Pd(OAc)2 and 1,1'‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, the arylation of N‐protected allylamines with aryl chlorides could be accomplished in ethylene glycol/DMSO, which afforded complete β‐regioselectivity with good functional group tolerance. The steric and electronic properties of allylamine substrates are found to be critical to the catalytic activity and regiocontrol in both linear and internal arylations.
Micropipette Contact Technique as a Tool to Reveal, Characterize, and Modify Nanopore Electrodes
Authors: Battistel Dario , Pecchielan Giulia , Daniele Salvatore
Published: November 2013

This paper reports on the use of a micropipette contact method (MCM) to reveal and characterise single submicrometer‐sized pores randomly distributed within a thin insulating alumina layer (250 nm thickness) that coats a platinum film substrate (Pt/Al2O3). Moveable micropipette probes, with orifice radii of 40–50 μm, filled with electrolyte solutions, are brought in contact with the sample surface to form a microcell and allow electrochemical reactions to be confined within a limited contact region. The aqueous solutions inside the micropipettes contain Ru(NH3)63+ or Ag+ ions and cyclic voltammograms (CVs) are obtained for several locations of 500×500 μm2 above the Pt/Al2O3 sample. The presence of nanoscopic pores is revealed by sigmoidally shaped volatmmograms, which are recorded when Ru(NH3)63+ is used as redox probe. From the steady‐state limiting current and the theoretical equation that applies for recessed microelectrodes, the radius of each platinum disk at the bottom of the pore is evaluated. In this way, pore sizes spanning from about 50 nm to 350 nm are revealed. Similar information is obtained by the use of the MCM with the pipette filled with Ag+ ions. In this case, CVs typical for nucleation and growth of metallic silver are recorded. The volume of a single pore is evaluated from the charge involved in the anodic stripping process of the metal deposited. Potential step measurements and relevant current (I) against time (t) transients allow establishing that only a single nucleus can be grown in each submicometer‐sized pore. Moreover, a diffusion coefficient value of 1.41×10−5 cm2 s−1 for Ag+ is evaluated from the experimental I vs. t1/2 linear plot. Finally, the measurements performed at the Pt/Al2O3 sample are compared with those obtained by using a plain platinum disk electrode 3 mm diameter as substrate for MCM measurements.
Outstanding Catalytic Activity of Ultra‐Pure Platinum Nanoparticles
Authors: Januszewska Aneta , Dercz Grzegorz , Piwowar Justyna , Jurczakowski Rafal , Lewera Adam
Published: November 2013

Small (4 nm) nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, exceptional surface purity, and increased surface order, which exhibits itself as an increased presence of basal crystallographic planes, can be obtained without the use of any surfactant. These nanoparticles can be used in many applications in an as‐received state and are threefold more active towards a model catalytic reaction (oxidation of ethylene glycol). Furthermore, the superior properties of this material are interesting not only due to the increase in their intrinsic catalytic activity, but also due to the exceptional surface purity itself. The nanoparticles can be used directly (i.e., as‐received, without any cleaning steps) in biomedical applications (i.e., as more efficient drug carriers due to an increased number of adsorption sites) and in energy‐harvesting/data‐storage devices.
Stress and eating disorder behavior in anorexia nervosa as a function of menstrual cycle status
Authors: Jappe Leah M. , Cao Li , Crosby Ross D. , Crow Scott J. , Peterson Carol B. , Le Grange Daniel , Engel Scott G. , Wonderlich Stephen A.
Published: November 2013

Objective

Fluctuations in ovarian hormones during the menstrual cycle and psychosocial stress contribute to eating disorder (ED) behavior.

Method

Using ecological momentary assessment techniques, this study examined relationships between stress and binge eating, self‐induced vomiting, and dietary restriction based on menstrual cycle status in anorexia nervosa (AN). One hundred nine females with full and subthreshold AN (17–45 years old) recorded ED behavior and stress ratings over 2 weeks. Using hierarchical linear modeling, individuals with eumenorrhea and those with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea were compared.

Results

Following episodes of meal skipping, momentary stress decreased in individuals with normal menstrual cycles and increased in those with irregular menstrual cycles.

Discussion

Results suggest that changes in stress severity in response to food restriction may differ based on ovarian hormonal status and may be a mechanism by which AN is maintained in individuals without menstrual disturbance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:181–188)
Efficient and sensitive method for the quantification of saturated monoacylglycerols in biodiesel by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Hirschegger Lena , Schober Sigurd , Mittelbach Martin
Published: November 2013

The experimental approach of this work was to develop a new method for the quantification of saturated MAGs in biodiesel using GC–MS. The method was established on a 30 m 5% phenyl phase column and ensured satisfying separation of the target MAGs. The quantification of the saturated MAGs was carried out in single ion monitoring (SIM) mode using the quantitation ions for the target MAGs: m/z 218 (2‐C16:0), m/z 371 (1‐C16:0), m/z 385 (1‐C17:0), and 399 (1‐C18:0) as well as m/z 413 for 1‐C19:0, serving as an internal standard (IS). The analytical procedure involved mixing the biodiesel sample with the IS and a silylating agent before applying GC–MS analysis. Response factors for the individual target MAGs related to the IS were determined. Prior to the quantification of saturated MAGs in real biodiesel samples, derived from used cooking oil (UCO) and waste animal fats (WAF), the linearity (R2>0.99) and the limits of detection and quantification (LOD: 8–20 ng/g, LOQ: 26–61 ng/g) of the method were determined.

Practical applications: The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) contemplates to establish a limit value specifically for saturated MAGs in biodiesel, primarily requiring a specific analysis method. At present, there is no suitable test method for the determination of saturated monoglycerol content in FAME. Therefore, the approach of this work was to develop a new method for the quantification of saturated MAGs in biodiesel using GC–MS. In contrast to the currently valid European standard method EN 14105 for the determination of free glycerol, mono‐, di‐ (MAGs, DAGs), and triacylglycerols (TAGs), this new method features a very high sensitivity and enables the exclusion of interfering substances, both due to performing the analysis in single ion monitoring mode (SIM).
Stable carbon isotopes of methane for real‐time process monitoring in anaerobic digesters
Authors: Polag Daniela , Krapf Lutz Christian , Heuwinkel Hauke , Laukenmann Stephan , Lelieveld Jos , Keppler Frank
Published: November 2013

Efficient operation and stability of biogas plants requires continuous monitoring of the digester content. Traditional laboratory analysis of digester sludge is often complex and time‐consuming and shows a delayed response to disruptions within the fermentation process. As a new approach, we applied an online measurement technique (laser absorption spectroscopy) for real‐time monitoring of stable carbon isotopes of methane () in a pilot‐scale biogas digester (3500 L) regularly fed with maize silage. Generally, isotopic composition of methane gives information about specific substrate degradation, that is, methanogenic pathways that reflect the actual digester state. First results of a 2‐wk monitoring experiment show that stable carbon isotopes of methane respond promptly and highly dynamic to changes in the process state of the digester. In combination with other monitoring parameters (methane production rate, concentration of volatile fatty acids, and pH) the fluctuations in can be interpreted as a change in methanogenic pathways due to a high organic loading rate. In this context, might be used as a new parameter tool for monitoring and characterization of the process state of the digester.
Lifetime Prediction Approach Applied to the Aquivion™ Short Side Chain Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomer Membrane for Intermediate Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Marrony M. , Beretta D. , Ginocchio S. , Nedellec Y. , Subianto S. , Jones D. J.
Published: November 2013

Degradation and durability studies of the short side chain perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer membrane, Aquivion™, of Solvay Specialty Polymers, are described in a fuel cell operation beyond 100 °C. Specific electrochemical accelerated stress tests under a dynamic electric load cycling profile were developed to submit the membrane to hydration–dehydration cycles, while the effect of operation temperature was also investigated to reproduce typical power demands and/or thermal gradient periods likely to be encountered during seasonal variation of a micro‐combined heat and power system. Aquivion™ is a high performance membrane which is shown in this study to sustain operation until 110 °C, higher than was possible with Nafion® under similar conditions. Post‐test observations studies by electron microscopy and ex situ tensile measurements bring to light modifications of membrane thickness and mechanical properties that rationalize an upper operating temperature of 120 °C. Membrane thermal annealing is shown to increase lifetime with the ageing procedures used. A predictive lifetime model is proposed by correlating the estimated lifetime values and the experimental data via a lifetime coefficient.
The Behavior of 2‐Substituted‐3‐hydroxyisoindolinones in the Reaction with sec‐Butyllithium
Authors: Jóźwiak A. , Ciechańska M.
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a dualistic behavior of 2‐substituted‐3‐hydroxyisoindolones in reactions with sec‐butyllithium (sec‐BuLi). 2‐tert‐Butyl‐3‐hydroxy‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐one (1a) treated with sec‐BuLi undergoes metalation at position 7. On the other hand, the reaction between 3‐hydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydroxyisoindol‐1‐one (1j) and sec‐BuLi results in 3‐sec‐butyl‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydroisiondol‐1‐one (3j).
Caring about prognosis: A validation study of the caring criteria to identify hospitalized patients at high risk for death at 1 year
Authors: Youngwerth Jeanie , Min Sung‐joon , Statland Barbara , Allyn Rebecca , Fischer Stacy
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Identifying patients, at the time of hospital admission, who are at high risk for 1‐year mortality is an ideal opportunity to introduce palliative interventions into the hospital care plan. The CARING (C = primary diagnosis of cancer, A = ≥2 admissions to the hospital for a chronic illness within the last year; R = resident in a nursing home; I = intensive care unit admission with multiorgan failure, NG = noncancer hospice guidelines [meeting ≥2 of the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization's guidelines] criteria is a practical prognostic index developed and validated in the Veteran's Administration hospital setting that identifies patients at high risk of death within 1 year, although its effectiveness in a broader patient population is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

To validate the CARING criteria in a university and safety‐net hospital setting.

DESIGN

Retrospective observational cohort study.

SETTING

Inpatient.

PATIENTS

Adults admitted to medical and surgical inpatient services during the study period of July 2005 through August 2005.

MEASUREMENTS

Mortality at 1 year following the index hospitalization was the primary end point. The CARING criteria were abstracted from the chart using only medical data available at time of admission.

RESULTS

At total of 1064 patients were admitted during the study period. Primary diagnosis of cancer (odds ratio [OR) = 7.23 [4.45‐11.75]), intensive care unit admission with multiple organ failure (OR = 6.97 [2.75‐17.68]), >2 noncancer hospice guidelines (OR = 15.55 [7.28–33.23]), and age (OR = 1.60 [1.32‐1.93]) were predictive of 1‐year mortality (C statistic = 0.79). One‐year survival was significantly lower for those who met ≥1 of the CARING criteria.

CONCLUSIONS

The CARING criteria are a practical prognostic tool validated in a broad inpatient population that can be utilized on hospital admission to estimate risk of death in 1 year, with the goal of identifying patients who may benefit most from incorporating palliative interventions into their hospital plan of care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:696–701. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Candidate disease gene prediction using Gentrepid: application to a genome‐wide association study on coronary artery disease
Authors: Ballouz Sara , Liu Jason Y. , Oti Martin , Gaeta Bruno , Fatkin Diane , Bahlo Melanie , Wouters Merridee A.
Published: November 2013

Current single‐locus‐based analyses and candidate disease gene prediction methodologies used in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) do not capitalize on the wealth of the underlying genetic data, nor functional data available from molecular biology. Here, we analyzed GWAS data from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) on coronary artery disease (CAD). Gentrepid uses a multiple‐locus‐based approach, drawing on protein pathway‐ or domain‐based data to make predictions. Known disease genes may be used as additional information (seeded method) or predictions can be based entirely on GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (ab initio method). We looked in detail at specific predictions made by Gentrepid for CAD and compared these with known genetic data and the scientific literature. Gentrepid was able to extract known disease genes from the candidate search space and predict plausible novel disease genes from both known and novel WTCCC‐implicated loci. The disease gene candidates are consistent with known biological information. The results demonstrate that this computational approach is feasible and a valuable discovery tool for geneticists.
The creation of the World Trade Organization and the establishment of an advocacy regime
Authors: Piewitt Martina
Published: November 2013

Interest group research is a nascent domain in the literature on the World Trade Organization (WTO). This article seeks to explore the development and the current status of the WTO's advocacy regime. It reviews the role of interest groups in the history of the multilateral trading regime and explores the mechanisms of interest representation at the WTO. The paper shows that the design of the WTO's advocacy regime goes back to international efforts for a new governance of global economy after World War II. It is presented that the system is not static but subject to frequent changes, and it is contended that the recently implemented access badges mechanism is one important step toward a conventional lobbying regime as known from the nation states. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective MOVPE growth of GaInAs/InP MQW on directly‐bonded InP/Si substrate
Authors: Matsumoto Keiichi , Zhang Xinxin , Kanaya Yoshinori , Shimomura Kazuhiko
Published: November 2013

An ultrathin InP template with extremely low defect density was realized on Si substrate using wet etching and wafer direct bonding technique. On top of the InP/Si substrate, asymmetric SiO2 mask pattern on one side of the arrayed waveguides was prepared and selective metal‐organic vapor‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth has been demonstrated. According to the cross‐sectional scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images, gradually varied height of GaInAs/InP multiple quantum well (MQW) structures were realized on the substrate and photo‐luminescence (PL) measurement showed different band‐gaps of the MQW structures. Our approach is of importance to control the in‐plane band‐gap energy for the integration of InP‐based various functional devices on Si substrate. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of highly stacked quantum dots on vicinal (001) InP substrates using strain‐compensation technique
Authors: Akahane Kouichi , Yamamoto Naokatsu
Published: November 2013

Highly stacked InAs quantum dots (QDs) were grown on vicinal (001) InP substrates by the strain‐compensation technique. The vicinal surface and As2 flux played important roles in changing quantum dashes into QDs on the (001) surface. Strain compensation was employed to stack 30 layers of QDs without degrading the quality of the crystal. In addition, the QDs exhibited strong photoluminescence emission at 1.55 µm and room temperature. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energy gap of alkaline‐earth‐metal digermanides SrGe2 and BaGe2
Authors: Imai Motoharu
Published: November 2013

SrGe2 and BaGe2 were synthesized by Ar arc‐melting, and their energy gap Eg was evaluated using diffuse reflectance measurements. SrGe2 and BaGe2 were revealed to be semiconductors with an Eg of 0.82 and 0.97 eV, respectively. Since SrGe2 and BaGe2 are isostructural with BaSi2, the formation of a Ba1‐xSrx Si2‐yGey solid solution is expected. This result of Eg evaluation suggests that the formation of a Ba1‐xSrx Si2‐yGey solid solution makes it possible to tune Eg from 0.82 to 1.20 eV because Ba0.59Sr0.41Si2 has been previously reported to have an Eg of 1.20 eV. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
RBS study of disordering of Fe3‐xMnxSi/Ge(111) heteroepitaxial interfaces
Authors: Noguchi Yuuya , Hirata Tomoaki , Kawakubo Yuki , Narumi Kazumasa , Sakai Seiji , Maeda Yoshihito
Published: November 2013

We have investigated thermal disordering and instability of Fe3‐xMnxSi (FMS)/Ge(111) heterointerfaces by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). Pronounced degradation of the FMS/Ge interface was observed as an increase of the minimum yield of RBS when the FMS/Ge samples were annealed above 300 °C. Analysis of interdiffusion at the heterointerface reveals that the disordering mainly comes from interdiffusion between Fe, Mn atoms in the alloy and Ge atoms in the substrate. This diffusion behavior is same as that observed in off‐stoichiometric Fe3Si (i.e. Fe4Si), but far from that in stoichiometric Fe3Si. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bayesian modeling of cost‐effectiveness studies with unmeasured confounding: a simulation study
Authors: Stamey James D. , Beavers Daniel P. , Faries Douglas , Price Karen L. , Seaman, John W.
Published: November 2013

Unmeasured confounding is a common problem in observational studies. Failing to account for unmeasured confounding can result in biased point estimators and poor performance of hypothesis tests and interval estimators. We provide examples of the impacts of unmeasured confounding on cost‐effectiveness analyses using observational data along with a Bayesian approach to correct estimation. Assuming validation data are available, we propose a Bayesian approach to correct cost‐effectiveness studies for unmeasured confounding. We consider the cases where both cost and effectiveness are assumed to have a normal distribution and when costs are gamma distributed and effectiveness is normally distributed. Simulation studies were conducted to determine the impact of ignoring the unmeasured confounder and to determine the size of the validation data required to obtain valid inferences. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
T-duality in gauged linear sigma-models with torsion
Authors: Israël Dan
Published: November 2013

Abstract

(0,2) gauged linear sigma models with torsion, corresponding to principal torus bundles over warped CY bases, provide a useful framework for getting exact statements about perturbative dualities in the presence of fluxes. In this context we first study dualities mapping the torus fiber onto itself, implying the existence of quantization constraints on the torus moduli for consistency. Second, we investigate dualities mixing the principal torus bundle with the gauge bundle, relating the torsional GLSMs to ordinary ones corresponding to CY compactifications with non-standard embeddings, namely two classes of models with different target-space topologies.
Les thérapies de pleine conscience dans l’aide à la prévention de la rechute
Authors: Peyron E.
Published: November 2013

La prise en charge du sujet alcoolodépendant, utilisant les techniques de thérapie cognitivo-comportementales (TCC) a suivi l’évolution de ces techniques. Historiquement, les TCC ont évolué selon trois vagues. La première vague est comportementale et s’inspire directement des théories de l’apprentissage. On cherche dans ce cas à aider le patient à modifier son comportement. La deuxième vague des TCC a été centrée sur les cognitions. Le but du travail psychothérapique était d’aider le patient à favoriser des pensées alternatives lors d’une situation à risque. Depuis les années 2000, est née une troisième vague. Celle-ci se centre sur les relations entre la cognition et l’émotion [4]. L’hypothèse est que les troubles psychiques résulteraient d’une suppression erronée d’information émotionnelle. Par conséquent, la thérapie de la mindfulness – de la pleine conscience –, c’est à dire de l’expérience vécue pleinement de l’ici et maintenant, s’intéresse au contexte des expériences psychologiques. Les premiers programmes de thérapie de la pleine conscience ont été développés pour le sujet souffrant de maladies ou de douleurs chroniques pour améliorer leur qualité de vie [5]. Pour le sujet alcoolodépendant, un programme intégrant la pratique de la mindfulness à la prévention de la rechute (Mindfulness-Based Relapse Therapy: MBRT) [3,6,7]. Ce programme thérapeutique, que nous décrirons, s’appuie sur huit séances hebdomadaires. Nous avons aussi utilisé le programme classique de la mindfulness chez le sujet alcoolodépendant. La thérapie de la pleine conscience nous paraît intéressante à la fois dans la gestion du craving, mais aussi dans la gestion des émotions. Enfin, nous chercherons aussi, à partir des lectures des Stoïciens, d’Augustin (De Trinitate) [2], et d’Arendt (La vie de l’esprit) [1] à expliquer comment la pleine conscience est acceptation, acceptation d’un ordre qui ne dépend pas de nous, mais acceptation constitutive de notre liberté. L’acceptation est donc éthique.
« GAAP » : validation d’une banque d’images affectives relatives à l’alcool
Authors: Bally N. , Khazaal Y.
Published: November 2013

Les images affectives sont fréquemment utilisées dans les études relatives aux addictions. Nous disposons de peu d’images valides. Une base de données développée est le « Normative Appetitive Picture System » (NAPS) [2]. Cependant, elle ne comprend qu’un nombre limité d’images (18 photos pour l’alcool ; 6 pour le tabac). L’objectif de la présente étude est de valider une banque d’images relatives à l’alcool. Il s’agit des « Geneva Appetitive Alcohol Pictures » (GAAP) [1]. Elles comptent 60 images en lien avec l’alcool, telles que des images de boissons, de comportements de consommation et des stimuli en lien avec l’alcool. Elles ont été présentées à 101 participants, allant du buveur social au consommateur problématique d’alcool, qui avaient pour mission de les évaluer selon la validation classique émotionnelle des images. Cette validation est fournie par the International Affective Picture System (Center for Study of Emotion and Attention [CSEA-NIMH] 2002) [3]. Les participants ont été dépistés avec le test d’identification de la consommation problématique (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) [4]. Des scores normatifs pour la valence, l’arousal (excitation) et la dominance des images sont appliqués séparément pour les consommateurs problématiques d’alcool (n = 49) et pour les consommateurs sans risque (n = 52). Les risky drinkers ont des valeurs d’arousal et de dominance plus élevées que les non-risky drinkers. Le GAAP procure une base de données normative qui fournit un grand nombre de stimuli pour les investigateurs menant des recherches au sujet de l’alcool. Les 60 images composant le GAAP sont disponibles en ligne sur : www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000328046 (free supplemental materials).
La place de la famille dans l’addiction aux jeux vidéo : à propos d’une enquête sur le groupe Entourage au CHU de Nantes
Authors: Gailledrat L. , Rocher B.
Published: November 2013

L’addiction aux jeux vidéo touche principalement les adolescents et jeunes adultes. Claude Olievenstein [4] décrivait l’addiction comme la rencontre entre un produit, une personnalité et un moment socioculturel. Ceci s’applique particulièrement pour les jeux vidéo et la révolution numérique. Cette addiction prend souvent son origine au temps particulier de l’adolescence, notamment lors de la seconde phase du processus de séparation/individuation [1,2]. Ensuite, elle peut devenir envahissante et tyrannisante pour la vie familiale [3,4]. Les parents sont aussi, bien souvent, à l’origine de la demande de soin, précédant le joueur. Partant de ce constat, nous avons porté une attention toute particulière à l’entourage dans ses plaintes et ses demandes, afin de progresser dans notre connaissance de cette problématique. Le service d’addictologie du CHU de Nantes dispose d’une consultation spécialisée dans cette addiction et d’un groupe de parole destiné aux membres de l’entourage d’un joueur supposé souffrir d’un problème de jeux vidéo. Nous avons réalisé une étude descriptive au CHU de Nantes entre février et juin 2013. Un questionnaire était adressé aux parents rencontrés sur le groupe Entourage afin de décrire et de comprendre les enjeux familiaux autour de l’addiction aux jeux vidéo. L’objectif principal de cette étude était d’obtenir des témoignages de familles de joueurs excessifs afin de mieux connaître les interactions autour de la conduite de jeux vidéo, jugée excessive. Notre objectif secondaire était de dégager des profils sociodémographiques de familles, d’entendre leurs inquiétudes et leurs attentes notamment en termes de soins ainsi que d’évaluer leurs connaissances en matière de jeux vidéo. Au total, dix familles ont répondu et nous proposons de décrire ces résultats illustrant la place de la famille dans l’addiction aux jeux vidéo et dans le soin.
Comorbidités psychiatriques chez les patients dépendants au cannabis : spécificités masculines et féminines
Authors: Dervaux A. , Krebs M.O. , Bourdel M.C. , Laqueille X.
Published: November 2013

Contexte

En dehors de l’étude épidémiologique en population générale NESARC, peu d’études cliniques ont exploré les différences entre hommes et femmes présentant un abus ou une dépendance au cannabis. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les différences sociodémographiques et cliniques entre les sexes dans une population de 173 patients dépendants au cannabis, demandeurs de soins, sans troubles psychotiques ou bipolaires, ni dépendance à une autre drogue.

Méthodes

Tous les patients de sexe masculin (n = 130) et féminin (n = 43), consultant consécutivement dans le service d’addictologie du centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne (Paris) pour dépendance au cannabis (critères DSM-IV), entre juin 2007 et juin 2013, ont été inclus dans l’étude. Les patients présentant des troubles psychotiques, bipolaires de type 1, des dépendances opiacées ou à la cocaïne étaient exclus de l’étude. Les patients ont été évalués à l’aide du Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS).

Résultats

La fréquence, présente ou passée, de troubles dépressifs (61,8 % vs 23,1 %, p = 0,0001), de phobies sociales (29,0 % vs 12,4 %, p = 0,02), de troubles anxieux généralisés (43,8 % vs 24,3 %, p = 0,03), de conduites suicidaires (36,6 % vs 11,3 %, p = 0,0001), de traitements anxiolytiques antérieurs (71,4 % vs 44,4 %, p = 0,001), de traitements antidépresseurs antérieurs (63,4 % vs 29,4 %, p = 0,001) et d’antécédents familiaux de dépression (70,3 % vs 39,5 %, p = 0,001), était plus élevée dans le groupe de sujets de sexe féminin que dans le groupe de sujets de sexe masculin. En revanche, la fréquence des effets subjectifs de désinhibition (37,7 % vs 19,0 %, p = 0,03) et d’hypersensorialité (36,9 % vs 19,0 %, p = 0,03), induits par le cannabis, était plus élevée dans le groupe de sujets de sexe masculin.

Conclusions

La fréquence des antécédents de troubles dépressifs et de troubles anxieux, traités ou non, chez les patients dépendants au cannabis, en particulier du sexe féminin, justifie leur dépistage systématique et leur prise en charge intégrée dans la prise en charge addictologique.
La fabrique big-neuroscientifique d’une thérapie innovante
Authors: Morgiève M.
Published: November 2013

Selon les chiffres produits par les études d’épidémiologie psychiatrique utilisant les classifications psychiatriques contemporaines, en particulier le DSM, le trouble obsessionnel compulsif (TOC) est le quatrième trouble psychiatrique le plus fréquent, touchant 2 à 3 % de la population. Les traitements de première intention, considérés comme efficaces et « validés » (selon les standards méthodologiques de l’Evidence Based Medecine), sont d’une part des médicaments (inhibiteurs de la recapture de la sérotonine), d’autre part des thérapies cognitives et comportementales (TCC) [1]. Comment ce genre de thérapie a-t-il acquis une telle légitimité scientifique ? Quelles sont les implications, concrètes, d’une telle « déclaration d’efficacité » ? L’objectif de cette communication est de comprendre le processus de fabrique d’une TCC innovante (définie par l’adjonction d’un outil psychopédagogique informatisé à une TCC classique) pour soigner les patients atteints de TOC. Cette fabrique est décrite au cours d’un récit ethnographique d’une étude menée dans une équipe de « big-neuroscience », s’appuyant sur une méthodologie de participation observante inscrite dans une démarche de sociologie des sciences. Le processus de fabrique d’une thérapie apparaît comme étant façonné par des catégories diagnostiques, des méthodologies de (méta)-évaluation, une rhétorique statistique, des contraintes technologiques, éthiques, réglementaires, administratives qui s’accumulent et se valident mutuellement pour définir les contours d’espaces de possibles dans la production de savoirs scientifiques. Il apparaît que « la fabrication des faits, comme le jeu de rugby, est un processus collectif » [2] à une échelle planétaire. La description de cette fabrication et des positions de chacun des joueurs donne à voir l’espace structuré de pensée dans lequel ils se trouvent pris, et avec lequel ils produisent leurs résultats, raisonnements et thérapeutiques. Cette nouvelle perspective offre des opportunités d’analyses de second ordre sur les dispositifs de production du savoir, dont nous espérons de nouvelles possibilités de découvertes.