bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A WEBCONFERÊNCIA PELO OLHAR DOS ACADÊMICOS DOS CURSOS DE BACHARELADO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Bezerra Carlos Rinalda , Pereira dos Santos Junior Antônio Carlos , Ferreira Alencar Alexandre , Silva Fontes Thiago
Published: October 2021

No contexto de convergências para uma formação superior inclusiva, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as percepções de estudantes de quatro cursos de bacharelado a distância, acerca da utilização da webconferência, usada como recurso audiovisual na mediação pedagógica. Trata-se de um recorte acerca de um estudo realizado na Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), que em parceria com a CAPES, por meio da Universidade Aberta do Brasil oferta 12 cursos de graduação a distância, sendo que para este artigo, foram selecionados os cursos de Administração Pública, Turismo, Ciências Contábeis e Sistema de Informação. Orientada pela perspectiva qualitativa, esta pesquisa utilizou-se de um questionário aplicado via on-line, a 218 acadêmicos que se encontravam no 3º semestre (2018/2). A base teórica inclui contribuições de Mill e Zanotto (2018), para compreender a utilização da webconferência a partir de importantes princípios que convergem com as reflexões de Mizukami (2013), Libâneo (2015), Contreras-Espinosa (2018), Favarim (2006) e Moura (2006) sobre os conhecimentos necessários para o exercício da docência. Os resultados preliminares apontam a necessidade de se investir na formação continuada dos professores acerca do uso pedagógico das ferramentas midiáticas, o que remete a um aprofundamento sobre o papel do professor na gestão do conhecimento, a fim de que sejam alcançados melhores resultados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem nos cursos ofertados na referida modalidade.Palavras-chave: Educação a Distância. Webconferência. Formação Continuada.
Application of exponential functions in weighted residuals method in structural mechanics. Part II: static and vibration analysis of rectangular plate
Authors: Bai Yulia , Orynyak Igor
Published: October 2021

The paper is continuation of our efforts on application of the properly constructed sets of exponential functions as the trial (basic) functions in weighted residuals method, WRM, on example of classical tasks of structural mechanics. The purpose of this paper is justification of new method’s efficiency as opposed to getting new results. So, static deformation and free vibration of isotropic thin – walled plate are considered here. Another peculiarity of paper is choice of weight (test) functions, where three options are investigated: it is the same as trial one (Galerkin method); it is taken as results of application of differential operator to trial function (least square method); it equals to the second derivative of trial function with respect to both x and y coordinate (moment method). Solution is considered as product of two independent sets of functions with respect to x or y coordinates. Each set is the combination of five consequent exponential functions, where coefficient at first function is equal to one, and four other coefficients are to satisfy two boundary conditions at each opposite boundary. The only arbitrary value in this method is the scaling factor at exponents, the reasonable range of which was carefully investigated and was shown to have a negligible impact on results.
Static deformation was investigated on example of simple supported plate when outer loading is either symmetrical and concentrated near the center or is shifted to any corner point. It was demonstrated that results converge to correct solution much quickly than in classical Navier method, while moment method seems to be a best choice. Then method was applied to free vibration analysis, and again the accuracy of results on frequencies and mode shape were excellent even at small number of terms. At last the vibration of relatively complicated case of clamped – clamped plate was analyzed and very encouraged results as to efficiency and accuracy were achieved.
Математические модели взаимнокоррелированных и некоррелированных гауссовых шумовых помех от внешних источников
Authors: Рябуха Вячеслав Петрович , Семеняка Андрей Викторович , Катюшин Евгений Анатольевич
Published: October 2021

Статья посвящена описанию математических моделей гауссовых прямошумовых помех с равномерным частотным спектром, взаимнокоррелированных и некоррелированных от точечных по пространству внешних источников шумовых излучений, для РЛС контроля воздушного пространства с пространственно узкополосной линейной эквидистантной фазированной антенной решеткой (ФАР), состоящей из идентичных всенаправленных элементов, а также плоской или объемной ФАР. Использование созданных моделей позволяет исследователям сформировать с помощью датчиков псевдослучайных чисел входную (обучающую) выборку заданного объема, образованную комплексными векторами, компоненты которых соответствуют отсчетам комплексных амплитуд в пространственных каналах приема в дискретные моменты времени аддитивной смеси внутреннего шума и шумовых помех от внешних источников с заданными интенсивностью и угловыми координатами. Точность и адекватность созданных математических моделей доказана аналитически и проверена методом математического эксперимента. Предложенные модели могут быть использованы для математического моделирования при синтезе адаптивных систем защиты РЛС с линейными, плоскими, или объемными узкополосными ФАР, от гауссовых шумовых помех и анализе их эффективности.
Полуслепой анализ канала MIMO с использованием регуляризованных по Тихонову алгоритмов MMSE и MAP с QR-разложением на основе преобразования Хаусхолдера
Authors: Саксена П. , Патель С. Б. , Бхалани Дж. К.
Published: October 2021

В статье предложены новые полуслепые схемы оценки для канала со многими входами и многими выходами (MIMO) с рэлеевским замиранием. В данном случае, матрица канала H представлена в виде верхней треугольной матрицы R, которую можно оценить вслепую, используя, на основе преобразования Хаусхолдера, QR-разложение выходной ковариационной матрицы принятых сигналов и матрицы Q, которую можно оценить, используя методы максимальной апостериорной оценки MAP (maximum a posteriori) и минимальной среднеквадратичной ошибки MMSE (minimum mean square error) на основе регуляризации по Тихонову с помощью сингулярного значения разложенных ортогональных пилотных символов. Результаты моделирования в терминах коэффициента битовых ошибок BER получены для схем модуляции данных BPSK и 4-PSK, при использовании систем с кодом Аламоути 2×6 (2 передающие и 6 приемных антенн) и 2×8 (2 передающие и 8 приемных антенн) путем выбора различных значений параметра регуляризации λ. Правильный выбор параметра регуляризации может быть достигнут путем соответствующего расчета с использованием принципов расхождения, что обеспечивает лучшую эффективность работы в терминах BER. В статье предложен новый полуслепой подход к анализу канала, использующий слепую оценку матрицы R на основе QR-разложения с применением преобразования Хаусхолдера, а также алгоритмы MMSE и MAP на основе регуляризации по Тихонову при использовании пилотных символов для оценки матрицы Q, что обеспечивает получение хороших результатов применительно к методам анализа каналов.
Экспоненциальная аппроксимация одномерных функций методом Z-преобразования: теория и приложения
Authors: Балашков Михаил Владимирович , Богачев Вячеслав Михайлович
Published: October 2021

Предложен новый метод интерполяции/аппроксимации одномерных функций экспоненциальными полиномами, полными и укороченными, в общем случае комплексными. Решение основано на Z-преобразовании функции одной переменной, заданной дискретным набором эквидистантных отсчетов. Впервые задача решена для динамических систем с собственными частотами любой кратности. Приведена методика перехода от временных функций к полным и укороченным операторным моделям селективных радиоэлектронных устройств. При этом редуцированный методом Z-преобразования коэффициент передачи в точности соответствует основному приближению в модифицированном методе укороченных операторных уравнений. На ряде примеров, включая УПЧ девятого порядка (с тремя полюсами, каждый третьей кратности), при сложном ЧМ/ФМ входном воздействии обоснована возможность применения как точных, так и укороченных экспоненциальных и операторных полиномов для проектирования радиоэлектронных систем, чувствительных к вариации фазы в переходном процессе.
Двухдиапазонная широкополосная антенна с круглой щелью для С- и Х-диапазонов
Authors: Гупта Прачи , Агарвал Самарт , Джайсвал Маниш
Published: October 2021

В статье предложена компактная двухдиапазонная антенна с микрополосковым питанием, содержащая широкую круглую щель. Предлагаемая антенна сконструирована на диэлектрическом материале ФР-4 с εr = 4,3. Антенна питается от микрополосковой линии 50 Ом, а оптимизированный размер предлагаемой антенны составляет 36×36×1,6 мм3. Широкая круглая щель вырезана в плоскости заземления, что привело к появлению двойной полосы пропускания антенны в широких диапазонах 1,23 и 2,4 ГГц на частотах 5,8 и 8,4 ГГц соответственно, которые попадают в диапазоны C и X электромагнитного спектра. Конструкция обеспечивает не только широкую полосу частот, но и значительный выигрыш на обеих рабочих частотах. Для подтверждения работоспособности предложенной конструкции антенна изготовлена и промоделирована. Моделированные и измеренные результаты хорошо согласуются.
Вейвлет фильтрация беспороговым методом на примере модельной функции DOPPLER
Authors: Тараненко Юрий Карлович , Лопатин Валерий Владимирович , Олейник Ольга Юрьевна
Published: October 2021

Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу эффективности двух методов дискретной вейвлет-фильтрации: первый из которых состоит в обнулении коэффициентов детализации до определенного уровня разложения, определение которого не исследовано в известных публикациях, а второй, часто применяемый на практике, с общим порогом ограничения коэффициентов детализации для всех уровней разложения.
Для нахождения уровня вейвлет разложения, обеспечивающего минимальную ошибку фильтрации во временной области, использовалась среднеквадратичная погрешность модели, косинусное и корреляционное расстояние, которые, как выяснилось по результатам их сравнения с эвклидовыми нормами векторов частотной области, отражают эффективность работы фильтра.
В процессе анализа эффективности вейвлет-фильтрации плоскость законов распределения шумов разбита на две области с законами, близкими к нормальному распределению и остальными. Для первой группы шумов с распределением, близким к нормальному, зависимость ошибки фильтрации от уровня разложения носит явно выраженный экстремальный характер (минимум). Это позволяет по критерию минимума ошибки конструировать простые фильтры с минимальными вычислительными затратами. Путем сравнения предлагаемого метода фильтрации без порога с классическим фильтром Баттерворта получены одинаковые погрешности при прочих равных условиях.
Модифицированный корреляционный детектор для сканирования спектра с лапласовским шумом в системах когнитивного радио
Authors: Синха К. , Триведи Й. Н.
Published: October 2021

В статье предложен метод измерения спектра при помощи модифицированного корреляционного детектора при наличии аддитивного шума, имеющего распределение Лапласа. В предлагаемом модифицированном детекторе рассматривается тест-статистика, описывающая корреляцию принятого сигнала в когнитивном терминале, с сигналом основного пользователя. Для упрощения рассмотрен основной пользовательский сигнал с двоичной фазовой манипуляцией. Затем принятый сигнал возводится в произвольную степень P, значение показателя которой находится в диапазоне от 0 до 2 (0 < P < 2). Таким образом, предлагаемый детектор ведет себя как нелинейный детектор при всех значениях P, кроме P = 1. При P = 1, детектор ведет себя как обычный корреляционный детектор или детектор с согласованным фильтром. С учетом предложенной тест-статистики получены аналитические выражения вероятности обнаружения и вероятности ложной тревоги. Характеристики предложенной тест-статистики представлены в виде зависимости рабочей характеристики приемника и вероятности обнаружения от среднего отношения сигнал–шум (ОСШ). Также с помощью моделирования получено оптимальное значение P для различных значений среднего ОСШ. Аналитические выражения проверены путем сравнения полученных с их помощью результатов с результатами моделирования. Замечено, что в предлагаемой тест-статистике характеристики улучшаются с уменьшением значения P. Кроме того, также показано, что характеристики предложенного модифицированного детектора лучше, чем для традиционного детектора с согласованным фильтром, при P < 1.
Параметричні матричні моделі лінійних параметричних кіл і їх елементів у частотній області
Authors: Шаповалов Юрій I. , Бачик Дарія Романівна , Романюк Роман , Шаповалов Іван
Published: October 2021

У статті запропоновано новий метод формування символьної системи лінійних алгебраїчних рівнянь (ССЛАР), що описує лінійне параметричне коло у частотній області. Невідомими у ній виступають коефіцієнти поліномів Фур’є, якими апроксимуються передавальні функції кола у символьному вигляді. Такі передавальні функції є хорошою основою для розв’язування задач багатоваріантного аналізу та оптимізації радіоелектронних пристроїв, що моделюються колами з змінними у часі параметрами. З зростанням складності параметричного кола порядок формованої ССЛАР зростає. Це вимагає додаткових витрат комп’ютерного часу не тільки для її розв’язування, але й для її формування. Пропонований метод суттєво зменшує час формування ССЛАР. Метод названо «методом параметричних матричних моделей» і полягає у тому, що елементи кола представляються деякими матрицями їх параметрів. Для опису кола обрано метод вузлових напруг, тому такі матриці це матриці провідності елементів кола, які (за звичними правилами для елементів кола з постійними параметрами) формують матрицю провідності ССЛАР параметричного кола в цілому. Наведено результати комп’ютерних експериментів.
Компактная многодиапазонная антенна с CPW питанием для систем связи 5G
Authors: Мукерджи К. , Мукхопадхьяй С. , Рой С.
Published: October 2021

В статье предложена многодиапазонная антенна с копланарным волноводным питанием для Wi-Fi и 5G приложений. Для получения требуемых частот в работе использовался инновационный метод, включающий в себя использование полос частотного сдвига FSS (frequency shifting strips) и U-образной щели. Для моделирования спроектированной антенны использовано программное обеспечение ANSYS HFSS, где моделирование электромагнитного поля выполнялось методом конечных элементов FEM (finite elements method). Разработанная антенна предназначена для работы в диапазонах частот 5G: 28, 35 и 37 ГГц с максимальным усилением 11,61 дБ и коэффициентом полезного действия 92%. Для проверки эффективности моделированного проекта результаты сравнивались с результатами измерений. В данной работе проведено сравнение характеристик предлагаемой антенны с характеристиками других существующих антенн. В работе представлена информация об усилении антенны, КСВН, распределениях поля, ширине полосы, распределениях поверхностного тока (поля E и H), и других характеристиках разработанной антенны.
Operational and Technological Prerequisites for Azerbaijan’s Victory in Nagorno-Karabakh
Authors: Krivopalov A.
Published: October 2021

In the autumn of 2020, during the Six-Week War in Nagorno-Karabakh, the main attention of most Russian and Western experts was focused on the topic of gaining air supremacy achieved by Azerbaijan with the help of Israeli and Turkish-made unmanned aerial vehicles. The author of the article does not dispute the high effectiveness of the combat use of the Bayraktar TB 2. He seeks to draw attention to other reasons for the defeat of the Armenian armed forces. First of all, they were not ready for mobilization deployment. The degradation of the mobilization apparatus and the general inattention of the Armenian leadership to the problem of strategic concentration is difficult to explain only by the systematic underfunding of the army caused by economic difficulties. In recent years, Armenian generals and politicians have been recklessly resting on the laurels of the last victory and did not believe in the seriousness of Azerbaijan’s intentions to retake Nagorno-Karabakh.
Is foliar Cl- concentration the cause of photosynthetic decline in grapevine during mild salinity?
Authors: Baggett John P. , Habibsadeh Saied , Toups Haley S. , Cochetel Noé , Ghan Ryan , Robinson M.L. , Barrios-Masias Felipe H. , Cramer Grant R.
Published: October 2021

Moderate levels of Cl- have been associated with grapevine salt tolerance. The hypothesis to be tested in this work is: photosynthesis in grapevine is negatively correlated with foliar Cl- concentration. To further test this hypothesis, multiple mild salinity experiments on four different Vitis genotypes (Cabernet-Sauvignon, Riparia Gloire, Ramsey and SC2) were conducted and photosynthesis, ion concentrations and gene expression responses were quantified. The salt-tolerant rootstock Ramsey had greater Cl- exclusion capabilities than V. vinifera cultivars both during rooted cutting greenhouse experiments and three years of field-grafted experiments; SC2 also excluded Cl-. Differential gene expression indicated that salinity affected transcript abundance more in salt-sensitive genotypes (97.7 % of DEGs in the dataset), especially chloroplast-related transcripts. The transcript abundances of known anion transporters were determined and a family of putative B transporters was associated with the Cl- exclusion phenotype. Photosynthesis and growth were maintained in Ramsey and SC2 under mild salinity. However, photosynthesis declined in Cabernet-Sauvignon with isosmotic 20 mM salt concentrations of NaCl, KCl or NaNO3, independent of the salt type. While foliar Cl- concentrations did correlate with salt tolerance during control and NaCl conditions, it was not found to be the cause of photosynthetic decline in Vitis during mild salinity.
Weak Deflection Angle and Shadow by Tidal Charged Black Hole
Authors: Javed Wajiha , Hamza Ali , Övgün Ali
Published: October 2021

In this article, we calculate the deflection angle of tidal charged black hole (TCBH) in weak field limits. First we obtain the Gaussian optical curvature and then apply the Gauss-Bonnet theorem on it. With the help of Gibbons-Werner method, we are able to calculate the light's deflection angle by TCBH in weak field limits. After calculating the deflection angle of light, we check the graphical behavior of TCBH. Moreover, we further find the light's deflection angle in the presence of plasma medium and also check the graphical behavior in the presence of plasma medium. Moreover, we investigate the shadow of TCBH.For calculating the shadow, we first find the null geodesics around the TCBH and then find its shadow radius. We also obtain TCBH's shadow in the plasma medium. Hence, we discuss the shadow of the TCBH using the $M87^{*}$ parameters announced by the Event Horizon Telescope.
World Lines in Einstein's Elevator
Authors: Rouaud Mathieu
Published: October 2021

We all have in mind Einstein's famous thought experiment in the elevator where we observe the free fall of a body, and then the trajectory of a light ray. Simply here, in addition to the qualitative aspect, we carry out the exact calculation. We consider a uniformly accelerated reference frame in rectilinear translation, and we show that the trajectories of the particles are semi-ellipses with the center on the event horizon. The frame of reference is non-inertial, the space-time is flat, the metric is non-Minkowskian, and the computations are performed within the framework of special relativity. Some experimental consequences are discussed, such as the deviation of trajectories, the desynchronization of a falling clock, the accelerated Michelson-Morley experiment, and, finally, an experiment where a paradox appears — a particle of matter seems to go faster than light. The differences, compared to the classical case, are important at large scale and close to the horizon, but they are small in the lift where the interest is above all theoretical. The concepts of metric, coordinated velocity and horizon are discussed, and the analogy with the black hole is made.
Constructability of Road Pavement Layers Using New-Age (Nano) Modified Emulsion (NME) Stabilisation of Naturally Available Granular Materials in Roads Varying from Highways to Local Access Roads
Authors: Jordaan Gerrit J , Steyn Wynand J vdM
Published: October 2021

The introduction of any new disruptive technology in a traditionally well-established industry, such as the road construction industry, is usually associated with considerable resistance. This is especially relevant when the new technology is based on the use of granular materials traditionally considered to be of an unacceptable quality in combination with relatively new concepts such as New-age (Nano) Modified Emulsions (NME). In such cases, the fact that the material design methods are based on fundamental scientific principles and have been proven in laboratories and through Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT), may be of little influence. However, the general acceptance of new disruptive technologies, e.g. telecommunications and Information Technologies (IT), have been based on the considerable advantages it presented. The same principles are applicable to the general acceptance and use of NME stabilisation/enhancement of materials in the road construction industry. This article is aimed at the practical demonstration of the advantages of the use of nanotechnologies in the construction of the highest order roads (i.e. inter-city multi-lane highways) to lower order access roads (i.e. Low-Volume-Roads (LVR) and even local accesses to farms and in villages/townships). The implementation of NME technologies is directly associated with ease of use, time and cost savings and the addressing and reduction of risks.
Deep Cross-Project Software Reliability Growth Model using Project Similarity Based Clustering
Authors: San Kyawt Kyawt , Washizaki Hironori , Fukazawa Yoshiaki , Honda Kiyoshi , Taga Masahiro , Matsuzaki Akira
Published: October 2021

Software reliability is an important characteristic for ensuring the qualities of software products. Predicting the potential number of bugs from the beginning of a development project allows practitioners to make the appropriate decisions regarding testing activities. In the initial development phases, applying traditional software reliability growth models (SRGMs) with limited past data does not always provide reliable prediction result for decision making. To overcome this, herein we propose a new software reliability modeling method called deep cross-project software reliability growth model (DC-SRGM). DC-SRGM is a cross-project prediction method that uses features of previous projects’ data through project similarity. Specifically, the proposed method applies cluster-based project selection for training data source and modeling by a deep learning method. Experiments involving 15 real datasets from a company and 11 open source software datasets show that DC-SRGM can more precisely describe the reliability of ongoing development projects than existing traditional SRGMs and the LSTM model.
Artificial Intelligence in Translational Medicine
Authors: Brogi Simone , Calderone Vincenzo
Published: October 2021

The huge advancement of Internet web facilities as well as the progress in computing and algorithm development, along with current innovations regarding high-throughput techniques enables the scientific community to gain access to biological datasets, clinical data, and several databases containing billions of information concerning scientific knowledge. Consequently, during the last decade the system for managing, analyzing, processing and extrapolating information from scientific data has been considerably modified in several fields including the medical one. As a consequence of the mentioned scenario, scientific vocabulary was enriched by novel lexicons such as Machine Learning (ML)/Deep Learning (DL) and overall Artificial Intelligence (AI). Beyond the terminology, these computational techniques are revolutionizing the scientific research in drug discovery pitch, from the preclinical studies to clinical investigation. Interestingly, between preclinical and clinical research, the translational research is benefitting from computer-based approaches, transforming the design and execution of the translational research, resulting in breakthroughs for advancing human health. Accordingly, in this review article, we analyze the most advanced applications of AI in translational medicine, providing an up-to-date outlook regarding this emerging field.
Potential of Baltic Region Peat in High Added-value Products and Environmentally Friendly Applications - A Review
Authors: Krumins Janis , Klavins Maris , Tumilovich Anastasija , Irtiseva Kristine , Mironovs Viktors , Lapkovskis Vjaceslavs , Ozolins Jurijs , Shishkin Andrei
Published: October 2021

The present review is dedicated to using of peat on the example of fen peat in high added-value products and applications. Mainly, but not limited, last decade literature was analysed from the perspective of innovation potential of peat applications in environmental technologies on examples of studies from the Baltic Sea region. Paper covers a wide range of applications of peat products started from agriculture to medicine and cosmetics. A separate chapter is devoted to the deep-processed peat product - humic substances (humate, humic and fulvic salts and acids). Generalised dependence of product extraction rate and its properties, depending on the process parameters are provided. Widely are described applications of the humic sub-stance applications covering economic aspects, such as production costs. In the last chapter of the review are given recommendations for applications considering the most recent trends of peat-based product developments. This accumulated information could be useful for future production, development of new, environmentally friendly products and start-ups establishment.
 Recent Progress on Methods for Estimating and Updating Large Phylogenies
Authors: Zaharias Paul , Warnow Tandy
Published: October 2021

With the increased availability of sequence data and even of fully sequenced and assembled genomes, phylogeny estimation of very large trees (even of hundreds of thousands of sequences) is now a goal for some biologists. Yet, the construction of these phylogenies is a complex pipeline presenting analytical and computational challenges, especially when the number of sequences is very large. In the last few years, new methods have been developed that aim to enable highly accurate phylogeny estimations on these large datasets, including divide-and-conquer techniques for multiple sequence alignment and/or tree estimation, methods that can estimate species trees from multi-locus datasets while addressing heterogeneity due to biological processes (e.g., incomplete lineage sorting and gene duplication and loss), and methods to add sequences into large gene trees or species trees. Here we present some of these recent advances and discuss opportunities for future improvements.
On the Potential of 3D Transdimensional Surface Wave Tomography for Geothermal Prospecting of the Reykjanes peninsula
Authors: Rahimi Dalkhani Amin , Zhang Xin , Weemstra Cornelis
Published: October 2021

Seismic travel time tomography using surface waves is an effective tool for three-dimensional crustal imaging. Historically, these surface waves are the result of active seismic sources or earthquakes. More recently, however, also surface waves retrieved through the application of seismic interferometry are exploited. Conventionally, two-step inversion algorithms are employed to solve the tomographic inverse problem. That is, a first inversion results in frequency-dependent, two-dimensional maps of phase velocity, which then serve as input for a series of independent, one-dimensional frequency-to-depth inversions. As such, a two-dimensional grid of localized depth-dependent velocity profiles are obtained. Stitching these separate profiles together subsequently yields a three-dimensional velocity model. Relatively recently, a one-step three-dimensional non-linear tomographic algorithm has been proposed. The algorithm is rooted in a Bayesian framework using Markov chains with reversible jumps, and is referred to as transdimensional tomography. Specifically, the three-dimensional velocity field is parameterized by means of a polyhedral Voronoi tessellation. In this study, we investigate the potential of this algorithm for the purpose of recovering the three-dimensional surface-wave-velocity structure from ambient noise recorded on and around the Reykjanes Peninsula, southwest Iceland. To that end, we design a number of synthetic tests that take into account the station configuration of the Reykjanes seismic network. We find that the algorithm is able to recover the 3D velocity structure at various scales in areas where station density is high. In addition, we find that the standard deviation on the recovered velocities is low in those regions. At the same time, the velocity structure is less well recovered in parts of the peninsula sampled by fewer stations. This implies that the algorithm successfully adapts model resolution to the density of rays. Also, it adapts model resolution to the amount of noise on the travel times. Because the algorithm is computationally demanding, we modify the algorithm such that computational costs are reduced while sufficiently preserving non-linearity. We conclude that the algorithm can now be applied adequately to travel times extracted from (time-averaged) station-station cross correlations by the Reykjanes seismic network.
Fusaricidins, Polymyxins and Volatiles Produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa Strains DSM 32871 and M1
Authors: Mülner Pascal , Schwarz Elisa , Dietel Kristin , Herfort Stefanie , Jähne Jennifer , Lasch Peter , Cernava Tomislav , Berg Gabriele , Vater Joachim
Published: October 2021

Paenibacilli are efficient producers of potent agents against bacterial and fungal pathogens, which are of great interest both for therapeutic applications in medicine as well as in agrobiotechnol-ogy. Lipopeptides produced by such organisms play a major role in their inactivation potential. In this work we investigated two lipopeptide complexes, the fusaricidins and the polymyxins, produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa strains DSM 32871 and M1 by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The fusaricidins show potent antifungal activities and are distinguished by an unusual variabil-ity. For strain DSM 32871 we identified numerous yet unknown variants mass spectrometrically. DSM 32871 produces polymyxins of type E (colistins), while M1 forms polymyxins P. For both strains novel, but not yet completely characterized polymyxin species were detected, which pos-sibly are glycosylated. These compounds may be of interest therapeutically, because polymyxins attain increasing attention as last-resort antibiotics against multiresistant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the volatilomes of DSM 32781 and M1 were investigated with a GC-MS approach using different cultivation media. Production of volatile organic com-pounds (VOCs) was strain and medium dependent. In particular, strain M1 manifested as an effi-cient VOC-producer that exhibited formation of 25 volatiles in total. A characteristic feature of Paenibacilli is the formation of volatile pyrazine derivatives.
Signatures of Adaptation in Mitochondrial Genomes of the Palearctic Subterranean Voles (Arvicolinae, Rodentia)
Authors: Bondareva Olga , Genelt-Yanovskiy Evgeny , Petrova Tatyana , Bodrov Semen , Smorkatcheva Antonina , Abramson Natalia
Published: October 2021

The current study evaluates the selection signals in the evolution of mitochondrial DNA of voles, subfamily Arvicolinae, during the colonization of subterranean environments. The comparative sequence analysis of mitochondrial protein-coding genes of eight subterranean vole species (Prometheomys schaposchnikowi, three species of the genus Ellobius: E. talpinus, E. fuscocapillus and E. lutescens, two species of the genus Terricola: T. subterraneus and T. daghestanicus, Lasiopodomys mandarinus and Hyperacrius fertilis) and their closest aboveground relatives using codon-substitution models was applied. The highest number of selection signatures was detected in genes ATP8 and CYTB. The relaxation of selection was observed in most mtDNA protein-coding genes. In mole voles (genus Ellobius) the signatures of adaptive evolution of mitochondrial genes related to subterranean niche were most pronounced. The number of selection signatures was found to be independent of the evolutionary age of the lineage but fits the degree of specialization to the subterranean niche. The common trends of selective pressures were observed among the evolutionary ancient and highly specialized subterranean rodent families and phylogenetically young lineages of voles. It suggests that the signatures of adaptations in individual mitochondrial protein-coding genes associated with the colonization of the subterranean niche may appear within a rather short evolutionary timespan.
Composición y estructura vegetal de una parcela de vegetación en un relicto de bosque seco tropical en el Caribe colombiano
Authors: Londoño Lemos Viviana , Escobar-Hadechini Orlando , Tapasco-García Juan , Madriñán Santiago
Published: October 2021

El bosque seco tropical (bs-T) es uno de los ecosistemas más amenazados a nivel mundial debido a la conversión histórica de sus tierras hacia pastos y cultivos. El bs-T del Jardín Botánico de Cartagena “Guillermo Piñeres” (JBGP) es un fragmento de 3 ha, aislado ubicado en un enclave húmedo donde nace el arroyo Matute, uno de los principales afluentes de Cartagena. Con el objetivo de estudiar la composición y estructura vegetal en uno de los últimos remanentes de bs-T cercanos a Cartagena, se construyó una parcela permanente de 1 ha y se censó la vegetación leñosa con diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) ≥ 2.5 cm. Se registraron 1568 individuos y 2023 tallos de 62 especies distribuidas en 34 familias. El 85 % de los individuos registrados fueron árboles y arbustos, el 11 % lianas y el 4 % palmas. La familia con mayor riqueza de especies fue Sapindaceae, con cuatro, seguida de Apocynaceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Nyctaginaceae y Urticaceae, cada una con tres. Se concluye que el bosque se encuentra en un estado de sucesión secundaria tardía, y que su ubicación e historial de perturbaciones son factores importantes en la determinación de su composición y estructura.
Management of Guidance and Counseling Services in Improving Self-Efficacy and Student Learning Motivation in Schools During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Faizah Nunung , Fahyuni Eni Fariyatul
Published: October 2021

An educational institution is an institution that carries a person into an orderly and systematic flow of thought. In this sense, education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills that are treated by the people of the nation and state. Guidance and counseling management is a student service starting from the acceptance of new students, the development of student coaching both personal, social, learning and career services. Researchers used qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The researcher attended the school through observation, conducting interviews and documentation in order to analyze the application of guidance and counseling service management to improve student self-efficacy and learning motivation at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Taman during the covid 19 pandemic. The data obtained were then analyzed and concluded. The results showed that the implementation of guidance and counseling service management to improve student self-efficacy and learning motivation at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Taman during the covid 19 pandemic was carried out through several stages, namely planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating. Then the results of the researchers are that with guidance and counseling services students experience an increase in self-efficacy and learning motivation after the service and guidance process is carried out.
Moral Values ​​in the Film The Lion King and Its Relevance for Strengthening Character Education of Elementary School Students
Authors: Intansari Ratih Oktafiani Alda , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: October 2021

Elementary school children tend to have very diverse interests. One of them is watching cartoons from television shows or YouTube. Elementary school-age children tend to enter a phase of imitating what they see, hear and feel. This is very important for all parents to pay attention to, because the movies they watch can affect the character or personality of the child. This study aims to determine the moral values ​​in the lion king film for elementary school children that can be used as character reinforcement. This research uses a qualitative approach with a narrative study type of research that analyzes the content of the lion king film. The way to analyze the data in this study is by playing the film, then recording the contents of the lion king film and transferring the results of the notes to the form of dialogue between characters which shows the existence of moral values ​​that can be used as character strengthening. The results of this study found that there were eleven moral values ​​in accordance with Thomas Lickona's (1991) theory of knowing goodness, doing good, and loving kindness. In addition, these moral values ​​also have relevance to character strengthening in accordance with the 2017 Ministry of Education and Culture regulations. The impact of the lion king film itself is expected to strengthen children's character and develop motivation in children's activities in their daily lives. It can be seen that the lion king film has moral values ​​that should be imitated by elementary school children.
Synchronous Analysis Used by English Teachers in Speaking Skills in Junior High School
Authors: Azizah Sofia Nur Fitri , Santoso Dian Rahma
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the improvement of students' speaking skills used by English teachers by using Synchronous through google meet for the speaking learning process at SMPN 1 Tanggulangin. This research uses qualitative research and the sample of this research is 36 students in seventh grade. Data collection methods used are observation and interview methods. The observation method used is a non-participatory observation technique, the researcher does not participate in the activity but only plays a role in observing the synchronous learning process used in SMPN 1 Tanggulangin. The results of this study indicate that the aspects assessed in synchronous speaking skills depend on the type of speaking material to be measured because the assessment is through linguistic aspects which include intonation, fluency and non-linguistics including gestures, expressions, voice volume and performance skills and assessments that are in accordance with lesson plan curriculum 2013.
Online Learning Strategies during the Covid-19 Outbreak in the Pie Study Program on Campus
Authors: Khasanah Uswatun , Fauji Imam
Published: October 2021

This article aims to add to the scientific treasures of online learning strategies during the covid-19 outbreak in the PAI study program at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo, making it easier for readers to find references about this article. The research approach in this article is descriptive qualitative with data obtained from observations, interviews and documentation in the field. The results of this study found that the online learning strategy during the covid-19 outbreak in the PAI study program at the University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, namely learning focused on online learning applications with a student center approach, teacher center and stimulus response and paying attention to 4 stages, namely determining time management, preparing technology needed, study seriously and maintain communication.
Literature Study: Analysis of Student Learning Independence and Student Learning Outcomes in Online Learning in Elementary Schools
Authors: Widiyanti Rafida Putri , Setiyawati Enik
Published: October 2021

This study has a research objective, namely to find out the results of a literature review about the learning independence of elementary school students in online learning and to find out the results of a literature review regarding the learning outcomes of elementary school students in online learning. The research method used in this study is to collect articles, journals and books that are in line with the title of the research used by the researcher. So the results of this study are learning independence is one of the factors that determine student success in learning, so that learning independence is important for anyone, especially a student if he wants to achieve success in his life. From the emergence of independent learning in students, it can affect the learning outcomes obtained by students in the learning process, because learning outcomes are assessments made by teachers in learning that can show learning outcomes that can be used as guidelines by teachers to see students' understanding of the material given during learning .Keywords- Independent Learning; Learning outcomes; Online Learning.
Analysis of Islamic Learning at Homeschooling
Authors: Syamsi Sofia Annajah , Fauji Imam
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the PAI learning process at Homeschooling Al-Ma'mun Hanif Arsyad starting from the lesson planning to the evaluation used in PAI learning at Homeschooling Al-Ma'mun Hanf Arsyad. Considering today's adults, homeschooling has become one of the alternative schools that are in demand to replace formal schools. This research is a qualitative research. The subjects in this study were PAI learning teachers at Homeschooling Al-Ma'mun Hanif Arsyad and the principal or head of the foundation. The research method used in this research are interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study is descriptive qualitative, the results are described in words so as to produce a conclusion. The result is that learning planning at Homeschooling Al-Ma'mun Hanif Arsyad is carried out at the beginning of each new academic year, compiled together with the homeschooling administrator. The PAI learning process at Homeschooling Al-Ma'mun Hanif Arsyad where for PAI learning students are required to follow while for general learning students are free to choose which learning students want to follow after going through a discussion process between teachers, parents and students. While the evaluation of PAI learning at Homeschooling Al-Ma'mun Habif Arsyad is carried out every mid and end of the semester in collaboration with the National Education Office, but the social issues are adjusted to the homeschooling manhaj. The advantage of PAI learning at Homeschooling Al-Ma'mun Hanif Arsyad lies in the curriculum that is applied, where they apply 75% of the diniyah curriculum and 25% of the education curriculum.
Physics Inspired Machine Learning for Solving Fluid Flow in Porous Media: A Novel Computational Algorithm for Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Sambo Chico , Feng Yin
Published: October 2021

The Physics Inspired Machine Learning (PIML) is emerging as a viable numerical method to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, the method has been successfully tested and validated to find solutions to both linear and non-linear PDEs. To our knowledge, no prior studies have examined the PIML method in terms of their reliability and capability to handle reservoir engineering boundary conditions, fractures, source and sink terms. Here we explored the potential of PIML for modelling 2D single phase, incompressible, and steady state fluid flow in porous media.

The main idea of PIML approaches is to encode the underlying physical law (governing equations, boundary, source and sink constraints) into the deep neural network as prior information.

The capability of the PIML method in handling reservoir engineering boundary including no-flow, constant pressure, and mixed reservoir boundary conditions is investigated. The results show that the PIML performs well, giving good results comparable to analytical solution. Further, we examined the potential of PIML approach in handling fluxes (sink and source terms). Our results demonstrate that the PIML fail to provide acceptable prediction for no-flow boundary conditions. However, it provides acceptable predictions for constant pressure boundary conditions.

We also assessed the capability of the PIML method in handling fractures. The results indicate that the PIML can provide accurate predictions for parallel fractures subjected to no-flow boundary. However, in complex fractures scenario its accuracy is limited to constant pressure boundary conditions. We also found that mixed and adaptive activation functions improve the performance of PIML for modeling complex fractures and fluxes.
Adding GPU Acceleration to an Industrial CPU-Based Simulator, Development Strategy and Results
Authors: Cao Hui , Zaydullin Rustem , Liao Terrence , Gohaud Neil , Obi Eguono , Darche Gilles
Published: October 2021

Running multi-million cell simulation problems in minutes has been a dream for reservoir engineers for decades. Today, with the advancement of Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), we have a real chance to make this dream a reality. Here we present our experience in the step-by-step transformation of a fully developed industrial CPU-based simulator into a fully functional GPU-based simulator. We also demonstrate significant accelerations achieved through the use of GPU technology.

To achieve the best performance possible, we choose to use CUDA (NVIDIA GPU’s native language), and offload as much computations to GPU as possible. Our CUDA implementation covers all reservoir computes, which include property calculation, linearization, linear solver, etc. The well and Field Management still reside on CPU and need minor changes for their interaction with GPU-based reservoir. Importantly, there is no change to the nonlinear logic. The GPU and CPU parts are overlapped, fully utilizing the asynchronous nature of GPU operations. Each reservoir computation can be run in three modes, CPU_only (existing one), GPU_only, CPU followed by GPU. The latter is only used for result checking and debugging.

In early 2019, we prototyped two reservoir linearization operations (mass accumulation and mass flux) in CUDA; both showed very strong runtime speed-up of several hundred times, 1 P100-GPU (NVIDIA) vs 1 POWER8NVL CPU core rated at 2.8 GHz (IBM). Encouraged by this success, we moved into linear solver development and managed to move the entire linear solver module into GPU. Again, strong speed-up of ~50 times was achieved (1 GPU vs 1 CPU). The focus for 2019 has been on standard Black-Oil cases. Our implementation was tested with multiple "million-cell range" models (SPE10 and other real field cases). In early 2020, we managed to put SPE10 fully on GPU, and finished the entire 2000 day time-stepping in ~35 sec with a single P100 card. After that our effort has switched to compositional AIM (Adaptive Implicit Method), with focus on compositional flash and AIM implementation for reservoir linearization and linear solver, both show early promising results.

GPU-based reservoir simulation is a future trend for HPC. The development of a reservoir simulator is complex, multi-discipline and time-consuming work. Our paper demonstrates a clear strategy to add tremendous GPU acceleration into an existing CPU-based simulator. Our approach fully utilizes the strength of the existing CPU simulator and minimizes the GPU development effort. This paper is also the first publication targeting GPU acceleration for compositional AIM models.