bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circaid adjustable inelastic compression wraps for the treatment of lower limb edema in the venous system pathology
Authors: Semenov A. Yu. , Malakhov A. M.
Published: November 2019

Symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency have been known since antiquity. The prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency in Western Europe and the USA has been reported within the range from from 1 to 40% in women and from 1 to 17% in men [1]. As reported by the European authors, the average prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency with class C2-C6 (according to the CEAP classification) among the European population reaches 30% [2]. Edema syndrome remains one of the leading manifestations of chronic venous disease. Compression therapy is one of the main ways to combat edema. The arsenal of devices for the treatment of edematous syndrome is steadily expanding with the development of medical science. Today, in addition to inelastic compression wrap and elastic compression garments, brand-new compression products, circaid adjustable inelastic compression wraps are available.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of compression garments in the treatment of patients with chronic lower limb vein diseases
Authors: Katorkin S. E. , Kravtsov P. F. , Melnikov M. A.
Published: November 2019

Aim. To evaluate clinical efficacy, safety and compliance level of outpatient application of “TONUS ELAST” compression garments in patients with chronic diseases of lower limbs of C3-C4 clinical classes according to CEAP.Material and methods. Continuous compression therapy during 6 months with the use of “TONUS ELAST” garments was received by 34 patients (12 men and 22 women) with chronic diseases of the lower limbs of C3-C4 clinical classes. The average age was 67 ± 3.2 years. There were 26 (76%) patients with varicosity and 8 (24%) patients with postthrombophlebitic stage of different recanalization. Anamnesis duration was 16 ± 3.9 years. Dynamic analysis of subjective and objective clinical symptomatology, results of legometry, volumetry and ultrasound examination with registration of blood flow rate in the femoral vein according to the developed protocol was carried out.Results of the study. Clinical observation in the dynamics of the study and instrumental methods of examination confirm the significant clinical efficacy of “TONUS ELAST” garments of the 2nd class of compression as a means of conservative treatment of chronic diseases of C3-C4 clinical classes. Positive dynamics of subjective symptomatology with the achievement of the most successful result in the management of convulsive (96.6%) and painful (93.8%) syndromes was revealed. Reduction of the shin circumference was recorded in 100% of observations on the left lower limb and in 96,7% on the right one. Statistically significant positive dynamics of volumetric parameters was achieved after 3 months of compression therapy. The tendency to acceleration of blood flow in the femoral vein in 71,4% of observations was revealed. Laboratory analysis of hemostasiological parameters demonstrated compensatory normocoagulation. Absence of cases of individual intolerance and adverse effects of compression products indicates their safety. A high level of adherence of patients to the therapy is registered. Doctors and patients gave a positive subjective assessment of the effectiveness and consumer properties of the studied product.Conclusion. Compression garment “TONUS ELAST” of the 2nd class of compression can be recommended as a safe, effective and comfortable means of outpatient therapy and prevention of chronic diseases of lower limbs veins.
Selection of local antiseptic for treatment and prevention of wound infection
Authors: Rodin A. V.
Published: November 2019

The advantages and disadvantages of modern antiseptics for local treatment and prevention of wound infections are considered. On the basis of data of comparative clinical studies the advantages of topical drugs based on octenidine dihydrochloride in combination with phenoxyethanol are presented. The advantages of octenidine dihydrochloride/ phenoxyethanol as a local antiseptic for treatment and prevention of wound infections in case of wound defects, burns are described.
Selection of antibiotics to prevent recurrence of erysipelas
Authors: Rodin A. V. , Shilina A. A.
Published: November 2019

Erysipelas is an acute infectious disease of streptococcal etiology. Currently, many people lead an active lifestyle, including sports activities both in outdoor areas and in gyms. There is always a risk of various wounds, which are the entry gate for infection, in particular Streptococcus pyogenes. Infection often occurs against the background of weakened immunity. Reduced immune properties can result from frequent stress and chronic fatigue due to severe physical and psycho-emotional stress at work. All these factors in combination create favorable conditions for the development of erysipelas. The peculiarity of face inflammation is that the disease can take a recurrent course. The most important place in the complex treatment of patients with erysipelas is taken by antibiotic therapy. In the treatment of patients in the conditions of the polyclinic it is possible to prescribe antibiotics orally. In the severe course of the disease and the development of complications it is justified to prescribe parenteral therapy. Penicillins are the drugs of choice, because until now penicillins are almost 100% active against Streptococcus pyogenes. During antibiotic therapy it is desirable to combine such properties of the preparation as long-term bactericidal concentration against Streptococcus pyogenes in tissues and, consequently, much lower multiplicity of injections in comparison with benzylpenicillin. These requirements are met by benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin procaine. Based on the results of clinical studies, the advantages of benzathine benzylpenicillin are shown, including in combination with benzylpenicillin procaine to prevent recurrence of erysipelas.
Experience of application of nadroparin calcium in a patient with melanoma after organ-preserving surgery with musculocutaneous flap-plasty on the vascular pedicle of the defect
Authors: Myasnyankin M. Yu. , Anisimov V. V.
Published: November 2019

Patients with malignant diseases belong to the high risk group for thrombosis and pulmonary embolism development [1-3]. Any reconstructive plastic surgery in such patients has potential complications that can reduce all efforts to zero [4-6]. Antithrombotic therapy is a complex problem of modern oncology [7-9]. For a long time, all patients with subungual melanoma underwent only one type of operation – amputation [10, 11]. In order to avoid mutilating surgery and preserve the maximum functionality of the limb, we have developed and proposed an organ-preserving operation with an optimal antithrombotic approach in the postoperative period. In the present scientificpractical article the clinical observation of the patient after removal of subungual melanoma (SM) with musculocutaneous flap-plasty on the vascular pedicle of the defect with the developed optimal approach of thrombosis and thromboembolism prophylaxis with the use of fraxyparine is presented. In the case of sonodoplerographic imaging of vessels of the I finger of the left hand, the passage of a. digitalis palmaris proprius is marked. A dissection of the vascular pedicle containing a. digitalis palmaris proprius, a fragment of m. interosseus dorsalis I, subcutaneous adipose tissue with subcutaneous venous system branches along the side surface of the I finger of the left hand to the projection of the phalangeal joint was performed. Mobilized musculocutaneous flap was placed on the defect and was fixed to the wound edges. The control of the vascular pedicle permeability by means of color and energy mapping of the blood flow was performed. The control of the flap was carried out on the 7th, 15th, 21st day [12, 13]. The flap engraftment is 100 %. The patient could already write with a pen and cut paper with scissors on the 7-10th day. She is currently in full clinical remission and has returned to her working life. Without proper thrombosis prophylaxis, it would be impossible to maintain the functionality of the vascular stem and, given the nature of malignant neoplasms, to reduce the risk of thromboembolism [14-17]. Presented experience of antithrombotic therapy opens new possibilities of surgical treatment with reconstructive-plastic component in patients with malignant neoplasms.
Comparative assessment of the clinical efficacy of first-generation phlebotonics in the complex treatment of patients with chronic venous diseases of the lower limbs
Authors: Katorkin S. E. , Myshentsev P. N. , Lisin O. E. , Rozanova A. A.
Published: November 2019

Target. Comparative assessment of the clinical efficacy of Aescusan I generation phlebotonics application in the complex treatment of patients with CVD.

Material and methods.Analysis of treatment of 380 patients who applied for a phlebological appointment at the polyclinic department of SamSMU Clinics for the period from September 2017 to March 2019 was conducted. Group I (n = 104) included patients with even outpatient card numbers who were prescribed Troxevasin as a first-generation phlebotonic according to the scheme recommended by manufacturers Group II (n = 276) included patients with odd outpatient card numbers who were prescribed Aescusan (an extract of horse chestnut seeds Aesculus hippocastanum, active ingredient of which is aescin) as phlebotonics of the first generation according to the scheme recommended by the manufacturers. All patients were examined by a phlebologist before and after 1 course of treatment. Clinical efficacy of the therapy was assessed by the severity of the pain syndrome, feeling of heaviness, swelling and seizures using visual analogue scale (VAS). In addition, the effectiveness of conservative therapy was assessed through interviews and questionnaires. For a comparative assessment of the severity of edema syndrome, the lower limb circumference was measured at ankle level using a graduated tape.

Results. No side effects were detected during clinical observation of the use of drugs. After the course of treatment, most of the observations showed positive dynamics. Changes in clinical symptoms (pain, seizures, heavy legs) in Group I were statistically unreliable (p>0.05). In the second group there was a decrease of pain syndrome intensity by 73,2%, a decrease of convulsions - by 63,5%, a decreaseof heaviness feeling – by 73,7%. In the course of the survey, 272 patients (98.5%) of Group II evaluated the treatment results as good, 4 patients (1.5%) did not notice any treatment results.In the course of repeated examination after the treatment 96,5% of doctors noted the result in Group II as good, 3,5% - as satisfactory. 

Conclusion. Thus, the results of complex treatment of patients with CVD showed that the use of 1st generation phlebotonics should be considered not only as pathogenetically justified, but also effective from the clinical point of view. Application of Aescusan drug leads to statistically significant reduction of clinical symptoms (subjective and objective) of lower limbs CVD.
Systematic review of indicators for the assessment of water consumption rates at hospitals
Authors: Batista Karmem Julya Miron , Rosa da Silva Simone , Rabbani Emilia Rahnemay Kohlman , Zlatar Tomi
Published: November 2019

This study reviews the pertinent literature and summarizes water consumption indicators (CI) for hospitals. To facilitate comparison, two consistent metrics are highlighted, namely the annual water usage per bed (m3/bed/year) and per built area (m3/m2/year) for the different locations. Overall, the review reveals a wide variation among water consumption indicators. Hospitals in Italy have a reported use of 458 m3/bed/year, the highest indicator reported; the lowest CI among the reviewed articles was for German public hospitals at 103 m3/bed/year. Not surprisingly, higher water tariffs tend to reduce consumption, while higher per capita income increases consumption. Yet overall CI values tended to reflect a variety of causes, including activity level, laundry arrangements, water costs, the application of sustainable practices, environmental certification and other considerations. Given the high indicator values identified for Brazilian hospitals, future research might consider a more detailed study of how their water consumption might be better managed.
VITPOR AI, A Coagulation Factor XIIa Inhibitor from Porphyra yezoensis: In Vivo Mode of Action and Assessment of Platelet Function Analysis
Authors: L. Venkatraman Kalkooru , A. Syed Azeemullah , Indumathi Parimelazhagan , Mehta Alka
Published: November 2019

Background:

Thrombosis represents as the prime contributor to the burden of diseases,
worldwide. Conventional anticoagulants for thrombosis therapy have a common bleeding side
effect. Bioactive peptides are studied to be an effective alternative for currently available
therapeutic drugs.

Objective:

In this study, VITPOR AI peptide, a previously reported coagulation FXIIa inhibitor
from Nori (Porphyra yezoensis), was assessed for its inhibitory activity against FXIIa and its in
vivo mode of action.

Methods:

In vivo efficacy as well as the antithrombotic property of the peptide was evaluated in
mice model by ex vivo activated Partial Thromboplastin Time assay, tail transection model and
whole blood clotting time. The enzyme kinetics was studied using chromogenic substrate assay.

Results:

The kinetic behaviour of VITPOR AI showed that the peptide is a competitive inhibitor of
FXIIa. Peptide showed significant inhibition of platelet adhesion and aggregation. VITPOR AI
exhibited significant antithrombotic activity. Furthermore, ex vivo activated Partial Thromboplastin
Time assay revealed that VITPOR AI exhibited potent anticoagulant activity in vivo. Tail bleeding
assay revealed that the peptide did not prolong bleeding time in mice even at a higher dose of
5 mg/kg. Cytotoxicity studies of the peptide against human blood leukocytes indicated the safety of
the peptide.

Conclusion:

VITPOR AI could be prospected as a potent anticoagulant with Factor XIIa inhibition,
antiplatelet aggregation and antithrombotic activity. It was also studied to have no bleeding side
effect.
Physiological State Dictates the Proteasomal-Mediated Purging of Misfolded Protein Fragments
Authors: Eldeeb Mohamed A. , Ragheb Mohamed A. , Esmaili Mansoore , Hussein Faraz
Published: November 2019

A pivotal feature that underlies the development of neurodegeneration is the
accumulation of protein aggregates. In response, eukaryotic cells have evolved sophisticated quality
control mechanisms to identify, repair and/or eliminate the misfolded abnormal proteins.
Chaperones identify any otherwise abnormal conformations in proteins and often help them to
regain their correct conformation. However, if repair is not an option, the abnormal protein is
selectively degraded to prevent its oligomerization into toxic multimeric complexes. Autophagiclysosomal
system and the ubiquitin-proteasome system mediate the targeted degradation of the
aberrant protein fragments. Despite the increasing understanding of the molecular counteracting
responses toward the accumulation of dysfunctional misfolded proteins, the molecular links
between the upstream physiological inputs and the clearance of abnormal misfolded proteins is
relatively poorly understood. Recent work has demonstrated that certain physiological states such
as vigorous exercise and fasting may enhance the ability of mammalian cells to clear misfolded,
toxic and aberrant protein fragments. These findings unveil a novel mechanism that activates the
cells' protein-disposal machinery, facilitating the adaptation process of cellular proteome to
fluctuations in cellular demands and alterations of environmental cues. Herein, we briefly discuss
the molecular interconnection between certain physiological cues and proteasomal degradation
pathway in the context of these interesting findings and highlight some of the future prospects.
A Review on the Synthetic Routes to β-Keto Amides
Authors: El-Meligie Salwa E. M. , Khalil Nadia A. , El-Nassan Hala B. , Ibraheem Ahmed A. M.
Published: November 2019

This review summarizes the data published on the methods of preparation of β-
keto amides as a versatile synthon for many heterocyclic rings and asymmetric urea derivatives.
Based on the starting materials used for the synthesis of β-keto amides, eight
methods were reported including β-keto acids and their derivatives, Meldrum’s acid and
their derivatives, diketene, 2,6-dimethyl-1,3-dioxin-4-one derivatives (TMD), α-diazo ketones,
enamines and enolates, acetamides and their derivatives and reduction of certain
Passerini products.
Tweaking α-Galactoceramides: Probing the Dynamical Mechanisms of Improved Recognition for Invariant Natural Killer T-cell Receptor in Cancer Immunotherapeutics
Authors: Washah Houda , Agoni Clement , Olotu Fisayo A. , Munsamy Geraldene , Soliman Mahmoud E.S.
Published: November 2019

Background:

The last few decades have witnessed groundbreaking research geared towards immune surveillance mechanisms and have yielded significant improvements in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This approach narrows down on the development of therapeutic agents that either activate or enhance the recognitive function of the immune system to facilitate the destruction of malignant cells. The α -galactosylceramide derivative, KRN7000, is an immunotherapeutic agent that has gained attention due to its pharmacological ability to activate CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T(iNKT) cells with notable potency against cancer cells in mouse models; a therapeutic success was not well replicated in human models. Dual structural modification of KRN7000 entailing the incorporation of hydrocinnamoyl ester on C6" and C4-OH truncation of the sphingoid base led to the development of AH10-7 which, interestingly, exhibited high potency in human cells.

Objective/Methods:

Therefore, to gain molecular insights into the structural dynamics and selective mechanisms of AH10-7 for human variants, we employed integrative molecular dynamics simulations and thermodynamic calculations to investigate the inhibitory activities of KRN7000 andAH10-7 on hTCR-CD1d towards activating iNKT.

Results:

Interestingly, our findings revealed that AH10-7 exhibited higher affinity binding and structural effects on hTCR-CD1d, as mediated by the incorporated hydrocinnamoyl ester moiety which accounted for stronger intermolecular interactions with ‘non-common’ binding site residues.

Conclusions:

Findings extracted from this study further reveal important molecular and structural perspectives that could aid in the design of novel α-GalCer derivatives for cancer immunotherapeutics.
Epigenetic Programming of Adipose Tissue in the Progeny of Obese Dams
Authors: Lecoutre Simon , Kwok Kelvin H.M. , Petrus Paul , Lambert Mélanie , Breton Christophe
Published: November 2019

According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, maternal
obesity and the resulting accelerated growth in neonates predispose offspring to obesity and associated
metabolic diseases that may persist across generations. In this context, the adipose tissue has emerged
as an important player due to its involvement in metabolic health, and its high potential for plasticity
and adaptation to environmental cues. Recent years have seen a growing interest in how maternal obesity
induces long-lasting adipose tissue remodeling in offspring and how these modifications could be
transmitted to subsequent generations in an inter- or transgenerational manner. In particular, epigenetic
mechanisms are thought to be key players in the developmental programming of adipose tissue,
which may partially mediate parts of the transgenerational inheritance of obesity. This review presents
data supporting the role of maternal obesity in the developmental programming of adipose tissue
through epigenetic mechanisms. Inter- and transgenerational effects on adipose tissue expansion are
also discussed in this review.
C-reactive Protein, Infection, and Outcome After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Registry and Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Yuxiao , Wang Changyi , Guo Wen , Liu Ming
Published: November 2019

Background:

A number of studies have explored the prognostic role of CRP in patients
with acute ischemic stroke, however, the results have been inconclusive. The aim of our study was
to investigate the impact of infection on the association between CRP and 3-month functional outcome
by performing a registry study and systematic review.

Methods:

Patients admitted within 24 hours of acute ischemic stroke onset and had CRP measured
within 24 hours after admission were included. Patients admitted between June 2016 and December
2018 in Chengdu Stoke Registry were enrolled. The PubMed database was searched up to July
2019 to identify eligible studies. Poor outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale scores at
3-month more than 3.

Results:

Totally, 368 patients in the registry and 18 studies involving 15238 patients in the systematic
review were included. A statistically significant association between CRP values on admission
and 3-month poor outcome in patients without infection was found, both in our registry
(CRP per 1-mg/L increment, OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07, p=0.008) and meta-analysis (CRP per
1-mg/dL increment, OR 1.66 [95% CI 1.37 to 2.01, p<0.001]). In patients with infection, CRP was
not associated with a 3-month poor outcome according to registry data (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99 to
1.01, p=0.663) and meta-analysis (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.01, p=0.128).

Conclusion:

High CRP value was independently associated with a 3-month poor outcome after
stroke in patients without infection. Further studies are required to examine the value of infection
on CRP measures and long-term functional outcomes.
Well-defined Graphene Oxide as a Potential Component in Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zuchowska Agnieszka , Jastrzebska Elzbieta , Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka Marta , Malolepszy Artur , Stobinski Leszek , Trzaskowski Maciej , Brzozka Zbigniew
Published: November 2019

Background:

Graphene oxide (GO) has unique physical and chemical properties that can
be used in anticancer therapy - especially as a drug carrier. Graphene oxide, due to the presence of
several hybrid layers of carbon atoms (sp2), has a large surface for highly efficient drug loading. In
addition, GO with a large number of carboxyl, hydroxyl and epoxy groups on its surface, can charge
various drug molecules through covalent bonds, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic
interactions.

Objective:

The aim of our work was to evaluate the possibility of future use of graphene oxide as an
anticancer drug carrier.

Method:

In this paper, we present GO synthesis and characterization, as well as a study of its biological
properties. The cytotoxic effect of well-defined graphene oxide was tested on both carcinoma
and non-malignant cells isolated from the same organ, which is not often presented in the literature.

Results:

The performed research confirmed that GO in high concentrations (> 300 µgmL-1) selectively
decreased the viability of cancer cell line. Additionally, we showed that the GO flakes have a
high affinity to cancer cell nucleus which influences their metabolism (inhibition of cancer cell proliferation).
Moreover, we have proved that GO in high concentrations can cause cell membrane
damage and generate reactive oxygen species on a low level mainly in cancer cells.

Conclusion:

The proposed GO could be useful in anticancer therapy. A high concentration of GO
selectively causes the death of tumor cells, whereas GO with low concentration could be a potential
material for anticancer drug loading.
Latest Advances in Small Molecule TLR 7/8 Agonist Drug Research
Authors: McGowan David C.
Published: November 2019

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 play an important role in the activation of innate immune
cells in mammals. These evolutionarily conserved receptors serve as important sentinels in response to
infection. Activation of TLRs 7 and 8 triggers induction of a Th1 type innate immune response. The
emergence of new structural and small molecule information generated in the last decade has contributed
enormously to our understanding of this highly sophisticated process of innate immunity signaling.
This review will focus on recent developments in the small molecule activation of TLR 7 and 8.
Rosmarinic Acid as a Potent Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitor: In Vitro and In Silico Study
Authors: Mahalapbutr Panupong , Sangkhawasi Mattanun , Kammarabutr Jirayu , Chamni Supakarn , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada
Published: November 2019

Background:

Neuraminidase (NA), a major glycoprotein found on the surface of the influenza
virus, is an important target for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza virus infections. Recently,
several plant-derived polyphenols, especially caffeic acid analogs, have been reported to exert
the inhibitory activity against NA.

Objective:

Herein, we aimed to investigate the anti-influenza NA activity of caffeic acid and its hydroxycinnamate
analogues, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid A, in comparison to a known NA inhibitor,
oseltamivir.

Methods:

In vitro MUNANA-based NA inhibitory assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of
the three interested hydroxycinnamic compounds towards the influenza NA enzyme. Subsequently, allatom
molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energy calculations were employed to elucidate
the structural insights into the protein-ligand complexations.

Results:

Rosmarinic acid showed the highest inhibitory activity against NA with the IC50 of 0.40 μM
compared to caffeic acid (IC50 of 0.81 μM) and salvianolic acid A (IC50 of >1 μM). From 100-ns MD
simulations, the binding affinity, hot-spot residues, and H-bond formations of rosmarinic acid/NA complex
were higher than those of caffeic acid/NA model, in which their molecular complexations was
driven mainly by electrostatic attractions and H-bond formations from several charged residues (R118,
E119, D151, R152, E227, E277, and R371). Notably, the two hydroxyl groups on both phenyl and
phenylacetic rings of rosmarinic acid play a crucial role in stabilizing NA through a strongly formed Hbond(
s).

Conclusion:

Our findings shed light on the potentiality of rosmarinic acid as a lead compound for further
development of a potential influenza NA inhibitor.
Effectiveness of Passion Fruit Peel Flour (Passiflora edulis L.) versus Turmeric Flour (Curcuma longa L.) on Glycemic Control: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sousa Danilo F. , Veras Vivian S. , Freire Vanessa E.C.S. , Paula Maria L. , Serra Maria A.A.O. , Costa Ana C.P.J. , da Conceição S.O. Cunha Maria , Queiroz Maria V.O. , Damasceno Marta M.C. , Paes Francisco E.R. , Freitas Roberto W.J.F. , Araújo Márcio F.M.
Published: November 2019

Background::

It is undeniable that diabetes may cause several health complications for the
population. Many of these complications are associated with poor glycemic control. Due to this, strategies
to handle this problem are of great clinical importance and may contribute to reducing the various
complications from diabetes.

Objective: :

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the passion fruit peel flour versus
turmeric flour on glycemic control.

Methods:

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA protocol. The following
inclusion criteria were applied: (1) Case-control studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials, due to the
improved statistical analysis and, in restrict cases, cross-sectional studies; (2) Articles published in any
language. The databases used for the search were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and LILACS.
A bias analysis and a meta-analyses were undertaken using R Studio (version 3.3.1) using effect-
size models.

Results: :

A total of 565 studies were identified from which 11 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Through isolated analysis, the effectiveness of turmeric flour on glycemic control was in the order of
0.73 CI (Confidence Interval) (from 0.68 to 0.79) and the effectiveness of passion fruit peel flour was
0.32 CI (0.23 to 0.45). The joint analysis resulted in 0.59 CI (0.52 to 0.68). The assessment of blood
glucose was by glycated hemoglobin levels. All values were significant at a p < 0.05 level.

Conclusion:

Both interventions showed significant effects on glycemic control.
Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities of Spilanthes filicaulis Whole Plant Extracts for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Elufioye Taiwo O. , Unachukwu Cynthia C. , Oyedeji Adebola O.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Spilanthes filicaulis is a tropical herb implicated as a memory enhancer in ethnomedicine.

Objective:

The study investigated acetyl/butyryl cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of different extracts of S. filicaulis whole plant and correlated them to its phytochemical constituents.

Methods:

The powdered whole plant was successively extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and Butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activity were evaluated by Ellman colorimetry assay. Antioxidant activity was tested using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging assays. Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin were estimated using standard methods. Correlation was determined using Quest Graph™ Regression Calculator.

Results:

Various extracts exhibited concentration-dependent AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity with ethyl acetate extract being the highest with IC50 of 0.77 μg/mL and 0.92 μg/mL for AChE and BuChE respectively. The ethyl acetate extract also showed the highest reducing power when compared with the other extracts. The methanol extract had slightly higher phenolic and flavonoid content and showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging effect. DPPH scavenging, AChE and BuChE inhibition had high correlation with the total flavonoid content with R2 values of 1.00, 0.800 and 0.992 respectively while nitric oxide scavenging had high correlation with phenolics and tannins with R2 = 0.942 and 0.806 respectively.

Conclusion:

These results show that the extracts of the whole plant of S. filicaulis possess significant AChE/BuChE inhibitory and antioxidant properties, mostly due to its flavonoid content, suggesting the possible use of the plant in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Dose and Sequence Dependent Synergism from the Combination of Oxaliplatin with Emetine and Patulin Against Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Alam Md. Nur , Yu Jun Q. , Beale Philip , Huq Fazlul
Published: November 2019

Background:

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, causing
many deaths every year. Combined chemotherapy has opened a new horizon in treating colorectal cancer. The
objective of the present study is to investigate the activity of oxaliplatin in combination with emetine and patulin
against colorectal cancer models.

Methods:

IC50 values of oxaliplatin, emetine and patulin were determined against human colorectal cancer cell
lines (HT-29 and Caco-2) using MTT reduction assay. Synergistic, antagonistic and additive effects from the
selected binary combinations were determined as a factor of sequence of administration and added concentrations. Proteomics was carried out to identify the proteins which were accountable for combined drug action applying to the selected drug combination.

Results:

Oxaliplatin in combination with patulin produced synergism against human colorectal cancer models
depending on dose and sequence of drug administration. Bolus administration of oxaliplatin with patulin proved
to be the best in terms of synergistic outcome. Altered expressions of nine proteins (ACTG, PROF1, PPIA,
PDIA3, COF1, GSTP1, ALDOA, TBA1C and TBB5) were considered for combined drug actions of oxaliplatin
with patulin.

Conclusion:

Bolus administration of oxaliplatin with patulin has the potential to be used in the treatment of
colorectal cancer, and would warrant further evaluation using suitable animal model.
Hydrophobization of Kraft-type Cellulose and Microfiber Cellulose Obtained from Soybean Husk in Ultrasonic Field
Authors: Mejia Blanca I.M. , Kharissova Oxana V. , Kharisov Boris I.
Published: November 2019

Background:

The addition of nanoparticles to cellulose paper can improve its mechanical
strength, chemical stability, biocompatibility and hydrophobic properties. Silica nanoparticles are known
to be inert, hydrophobic, biocompatible, biodegradable and have a good distribution in being deposited on
surfaces. The main characteristics of 20 nm SiO2 nanoparticles are good chemical and thermal stability
with a melting point of 1610-1728°3C, a boiling point of 2230°C with a purity of 99.5%.

Objective:

To carry out the hydrophobization of paper based on Kraft cellulose and on cellulose obtained
from soybean husk with 20-nm size SiO2 nanoparticles and to study hydrophobicity, morphology
and topography of the prepared composites.

Methods:

The ground and roasted soybean husk was treated with a NaOH, washed and dried. Hydrophobization
of paper was carried in aqueous medium by SiO2 addition in weight ratios “paper-SiO2” of
0.01-0.05 wt.%, stirring, filtration and drying. The obtained cellulose sheet composites were characterized
by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), FTIRspectroscopy,
Mullen proofs of hydrophobicity, and contact angle measurements.

Results:

The mechanical properties of paper nanocomposites (tensile strength and compression) increased
considerably by varying the concentrations. The tensile strength increased by 41-46% and the
compressive strength increased by 55-56%. The existence of fiber nanofoils, good adhesion of 20-nm
SiO2 nanoparticles to the paper surface, and their homogeneous distribution were observed.

Conclusion:

Cellulose was successfully obtained from soybean husk, applying the alkaline-based extraction
method. A good reinforcement of cellulose fibers is observed due to the outstanding characteristics
of the silicon dioxide nanoparticles.
The Mechanical Alloying of Magnetite Concentrate with Biochar
Authors: Öztürk Elif Aranci , Boyrazli Mustafa , Turan Mehmet Deniz , Erdemoğlu Murat
Published: November 2019

Aim:

In this work, the effect of milling time on the mechanical alloying of the mixture containing the magnetite concentrate and biomass waste was investigated.

Materials and Methods:

The ore’s grade consisting of hematite and magnetite minerals was increased from 49.87% Fe to 67.29% Fe using the low intensity wet magnetic separator. Biomass waste which was supplied from ÇAYKUR black tea facilities, used as a carbon source was subjected to carbonization processes at 800°C for 1440 min. After the carbonization process, the carbon and sulphur contents of the biomass were measured as 94.68% and 0.03%, respectively. For the mechanical alloying process, a mixture consisting of magnetite concentrate with a grain size of -45 μm and biomass which was added two times the amount of carbon required for the reduction of magnetite to metallic iron was used.

Result:

After the mechanical alloying process which was carried out at different times, it was observed in the particle size analysis that the particle size of 90% of the mixture was reduced to about 4 μm. In SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images, cube-like particles along with the spherical particles were observed depending on the mechanical alloying times. After 45 minutes of alloying, it was observed that the carbonized product milled together with magnetite concentrate was partially integrated into the crystal structure.

Conclusion:

The carbonized tea plant waste milled together with magnetite concentrate was partially integrated into the crystal structure. And the mechanical alloying provide to increase in the specific surface area in parallel with the grain size decrease in the study. Thus, in the later stage of the study, the milled powder acquired more ability to react.
Chitosan-induced Synergy for Extended Antimicrobial Potency and Enhanced In Vitro Drug Release of Free Base Ciprofloxacin Nanoplexes
Authors: Abioye Amos , Sanyaolu Adekunle , Dudzinska Paulina , Adepoju-Bello Aderonke Ayinke , Coker Herbert A.B.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Ciprofloxacin free base is practically insoluble in aqueous medium
(0.0011 and 0.09 mg/mL at 25 and 37°C respectively). Its inorganic salt form (ciprofloxacin
hydrochloride) is more soluble in water (1.35 mg/mL) however when administered orally,
it exhibits decreased solubility in the stomach due to common ion effects. Ciprofloxacin
free base was used in this study because of its greater hydrophobicity than its hydrochloride
salt, which is required for effective permeability and potent antibacterial activity.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to enhance oral solubility and bacterial cell permeability
of the free base ciprofloxacin (CPX) using a single step CPX-chitosan (CT) selfassembly
to form nanoplexes with organic counterions. It was envisioned that this would
allow the delivery of larger amounts of active drug into the microorganisms.

Methods:

Ciprofloxacin-chitosan nanocomplex (nanoplex) was prepared using low energy
electrostatic self-assembly technique previously described. Formation of eutectic nanoplex
was confirmed using FTIR, DSC, TGA and SEM. The saturated solubility, in vitro release
kinetics and mechanism of drug release were determined using mathematical models. Potency
and synergism were determined from the inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) of the nanoplexes using
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Results:

Formation of CPX-CT eutectic adduct polymeric nanoplexes was confirmed with
FT-IR and DSC and SEM revealed the conversion of rod-like crystals of CPX (117 μm
long) into spherical nanostructures (23-503 nm) dictated by pH, ionic strength and concentration
of CT. The solubility of free base CPX increased to a maximum of 32.77 mg/mL
compared to 0.0011-0.09 mg/mL reported in literature and dissolution efficiency increased
to a maximum of 100% within 72 h. The synergistic effect of CT on antimicrobial activity
of CPX was quantified, for the first time, using Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC)
of the nanoplexes. FIC was less than 0.5 in both Gram positive (0.031-0.250) and Gram
negative (0.036-0.281) microorganisms used in this study, confirming synergistic enhancement
of antimicrobial efficacy of CPX.

Conclusion:

It is evident that the design of drug-polymer nanocomplex formulation provides
a platform for the synergistic enhancement of therapeutic potency of antibiotics.
Clinical Impact of Gastric Acid Suppressants Use on the Efficacy of Gefitinib in Patients with Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Harboring Common EGFR Mutations
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Man Ho James Chung , Leung Lam David Chi , Sze Lui Macy Mei , Man Ip Mary Sau , Chun Tam Terence Chi
Published: November 2019

Background:

Gefitinib was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the
United States (US) for the treatment of advanced non-small cell carcinoma harboring sensitizing epidermal
growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. The use of gastric acid-suppressing medication inhibits
gefitinib absorption and reduces its plasma concentration, but retrospective studies on whether
there is the corresponding repercussion on progression-free survival (PFS) have yielded variable results,
mainly due to heterogeneity in study cohorts and study designs.

Objectives:

To assess the clinical impact of the use of gastric acid-suppressing medication in patients
on first-line gefitinib for NSLC harboring common EGFR mutation.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single, tertiary referral center in Hong
Kong S.A.R., which included 193 Chinese patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of lung harboring
common sensitizing EGFR mutations who received gefitinib as the first-line treatment. The progression-
free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients who took gastric acid-suppressing
agents, namely histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) or proton pump inhibitors (PPI), were compared
with those who did not take such medication (control group).

Results:

Despite the universal practice to separate the medicating time of gastric acid suppressants
and EGFR-TKIs by 12 hours, patients who were on gastric acid suppressants had significantly shorter
PFS, especially for those on proton pump inhibitor (Median 368 vs. 189 vs. 166 days - For control,
H2RA group and PPI group respectively, p-value <0.001). The OS is also significantly shorter for
those taking gastric acid suppressants (Median 825 vs. 485 vs. 422 days - For control, H2RA group
and PPI group respectively, p-value <0.001).

Conclusions:

The co-administration of gastric acid suppressants with gefitinib is associated with
shorter progression-free survival and overall survival.
A Prospective Review on Phyto-pharmacological Aspects of Vitex negundo Linn
Authors: Khan Mohd Faisal , Arora Poonam , Dhobi Mahaveer
Published: November 2019

Background:

Vitex negundo Linn. commonly known as five leave chase tree is an
ethnobotanically important drug in traditional system of medicine. The plant is widely distributed
in India, China and other Asian and American countries.

Objective:

The review aims at presenting comprehensive information with respect to ethnopharmacological
relevance and recent findings on phytochemical and biological activities
of Vitex negundo.

Method:

Literature was collected from various sources such as pubmed, scopus, science direct,
and others.

Results:

Extracts and secondary metabolites of this plant, particularly those from roots and
leaves, possess useful pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant,
antimicrobial, galactagogue, antigastric, antiflatulant, antiparasitic, analgesic, hepatoprotective
and antihypertensive, some of which have been validated scientifically. All parts
of the plant especially leave and roots contain a large number of bioactive phytoconstituents
including flavonoids, iridoids, lignans, volatile oil, terpenes, coumarins, phenolic and steroidal
compounds which impart multiple medicinal properties. Vitexin, isovitexin, viridifol,
caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid are the main components.

Conclusion:

The review emphasizes the medicinal importance of Vitex negundo and its bioactive
constituents in the traditional system of medicine.
Speed and Position Estimation for Sensorless Control of PMSM: A Critical Review
Authors: Singh Shweta , Tiwari Amar N. , Singh Sri N.
Published: November 2019

The Vector control scheme widely used for control purposes of PMSM drives requires
rotor position information. Generally, sensors are used for this purpose, which increases the cost,
size, and complexity of the system and also reduces the efficiency of drives. Therefore, it has become
essential to avoid the use of these sensors and go for sensorless drives. In this paper, different
types of speed and position estimation techniques are reviewed for sensorless control with their recent
developments and their inherent advantages and disadvantages.
PMLSM Nonlinear Integral Sliding Mode Control Based on Gain Time- Varying Reaching Law
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhang Liwei , Peng Bo , Zhao He
Published: November 2019

Background:

The permanent magnet synchronous linear motor is a strongly coupled,
nonlinear system. It has been applied in many fields, especially in the field of machining lathes and
rail transportation. In order to ensure the permanent magnet synchronous linear motor has good dynamic
performance and robustness, sliding mode control is gradually applied to the control system
of permanent magnet synchronous linear motor. However, in the traditional sliding mode control,
the convergence speed is slow, and the robust performance is poor when the sliding surface is not
reached.

Objective:

The main purpose of this paper is to improve the dynamic performance and robustness of
the permanent magnet synchronous linear motor during the process of approaching the sliding surface.

Methods:

Firstly, the type of nonlinear curve with "small error reduction, large error saturation" is
introduced to design a nonlinear integral speed controller with global robustness. Secondly, the gain
rate time-varying reaching law is introduced to reduce "chattering". Finally, using a symbolic tangent
function instead of a sign function in designing a sliding mode observer reduces fluctuations in
load observations.

Results:

Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the control method are proved by simulation.

Conclusion:

The results of the simulation show that the nonlinear integral sliding mode controller
based on gain time-varying reaching law is shown to have good global robustness and dynamic performance.
Rotational molding of plasma treated polyethylene/short glass fiber composites
Authors: Ghanem Zoya , Sasidharan Sari P. , Jenikova Zdenka , Špatenka Petr
Published: November 2019

Rotational molding is a manufacturing technique for producing 3D hollow parts by adding plastic powder to a shell-like mold and rotating the mold while heating it with the powder. In contrary to the injection molding all the process operates at atmospheric pressure which makes reinforcement of the rotomolded product difficult. In this paper plasma treated PE and short glass fibers were dry mixed and used to produce composites by rotational molding process and characterized in terms of morphology and mechanical properties.
Energy-Efficient Buildings, a step towards Sustainability in Pakistan
Authors: Usman Hashir
Published: November 2019

With every passing year, energy consumption in the world is increasing drastically. Most of the energy comes from fossil fuels which are also depleting in a fast manner. Buildings consume a significant amount of energy all over the world and the demand for energy is also increasing unremittingly in buildings. Developed countries are taking profound measures in order to make buildings energy efficient and sustainable by achieving nearly zero energy stage. Pakistan is facing a serious energy crisis from the past few decades. The building sector in Pakistan deserves special attention in this regard since the energy consumption in buildings in Pakistan is feverishly high. Many types of research have been carried out in Pakistan by the United Nations and Energy Department of Pakistan in order to devise applicable methods that not only provide thermal comfort to the occupants but also make a building energy efficient. Renewable energy also plays an important role in compensating building energy demands. It is easy to achieve nearly zero energy state in a good energy efficient building if it is coupled with renewable energy sources then it will make it self-sufficient in energy demand. A survey is also carried out to determine the thermal comfort of the occupants in different types of areas. Also, solar energy analysis is also taken into account to highlight the solar power potential in Pakistan. Several recommendations have also been suggested to implement energy efficiency measures in Pakistan.
Submerged aquatic plant (Vallisneria spiralis and Egeria densa) utilisation as a biogas cleaner and feedstock of co-digestion
Authors: Nagy Gábor
Published: November 2019

Biogas was produced from sheep manure and two types of submerged aquatic plant (Vallisneria spiralis and Egeria densa). The gas cleaning was carried out by a water scrubber, where a significant part of CO2 and H2S can be separated from the gas. A part of water from the scrubber was circulated through an aquatic plant growth tank and the growth of used plants was examined. Addition of E. densa to sheep manure increased gas yield by 8% and the mixing of sheep manure and V. spiralis resulted in 21% increase in gas yield. With the used scrubber, 70-80 vol% methane content can be reached in the cleaned biogas, and the water from the scrubber (which contained dissolved CO2 and H2S) resulted in 56-87% increase in size as opposed to 12-44% increase in the control group.