bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of horse temperament with breed, age, sex, and body characteristics: a questionnaire-based study
Authors: Abdel-Azeem Naglaa M. , Emeash H. H.
Published: August 2021

Background

Temperament is an important issue that must be taken into consideration when purchasing horses for leisure, racing, or even work in the fields. Those who work with horses have various opinions about the relationship between a horse’s body characteristics and its temperament, but few scientific papers on this issue have been published. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationships of horse temperament with sex, breed, age, and body characteristics to help purchasers when selecting a horse with the desired temperament. A web-based survey consisting of a 32-item questionnaire was used to clarify the associations of sex, breed, age, and body characteristics with a horse’s temperament. The owners of a total of 112 horses from different countries (Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, and Iraq) were recruited to fill in the questionnaire about their horses.

Results

The results showed statistically significant associations of sex and breed with temperament with 89.7% and 108.3%, respectively (p values < 0.001), while there was no significant association between age and temperament (chi-square p value 0.58). The results also clarified significant associations between body characteristics (color, head and body marks, leg marks, and whorls) and temperament (all chi-square p-values < 0.001).

Conclusion

Purchasers can predict a horse’s temperament from its sex, breed, and body characteristics, including coat color, body and leg marks, and whorls
3D seismic characterization of fractures using elastic P-to-S double beams
Authors: Hu Hao , Alali Abdulmohsen , Almomin Ali , Zheng Yingcai
Published: August 2021

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of subsurface fractures is critical for improving the production of geothermal and oil/gas. The double-beam (DB) method using acoustic waves is capable of characterizing the irregularly distributed fractures, including multiple coexisting fracture sets. We have extended the DB method to elastic waves, in particular for P-to-S waves scattered by fractures, using 3C seismic data. This elastic double-beam (EDB) method can add additional information to cross-validate the DB images of P-P waves and increase our confidence in the final fracture characterization results. To test the EDB method, we use a 3D layered reservoir model with multiple nonorthogonal coexisting fracture sets, which captures a wide range of geologic scenarios. Based on this model, we model 3C data using an elastic full-wave finite-difference method. For each subsurface target, the EDB method outputs DB images of P-P, P-Sin, and P-Santi waves, where Sin and Santi represent the in-plane (polarized perpendicular to the fracture plane strike) and antiplane (polarized parallel to the fracture plane strike) scattered vector S-waves, respectively. Numerical results indicate that EDB is a reliable tool to detect fracture distribution using the self-verification feature. In other words, P-P, P-Sin, and P-Santi should all give the same fracture parameters for truly existing fractures. Using EDB, the existence and orientation of fractures are more reliably estimated than fracture compliance for irregular fracture sets. EDB is not sensitive to random noise in data up to high noise levels. EDB can work accurately when velocity models have mild deviations from the true models. The EDB amplitude is large where fractures are dense or the compliance value is large, or both; these can be important in the interpretation of the fluid transport properties of a reservoir.
Mapping subsurface karsts and voids using directional elastic wave packets
Authors: Ding Yinshuai , Hu Hao , Malallah Adel , Fehler Michael C. , Huang Lianjie , Malehmir Alireza , Zheng Yingcai
Published: August 2021

We have developed a new data-driven algorithm that uses directional elastic wave packets as seismic sources to image subsurface voids (i.e., cavities). Compared to a point source, the advantage of the new approach is that the wave packet illuminates only a small volume of the medium around the raypath to significantly reduce multiple scattering effects in the imaging. We take the difference of traces at identical source-receiver offsets from each of two neighboring source packets. The difference mainly contains the void scattering events but not the direct waves, the layer reflections, refractions, nor layer-related multiples. We use P-to-P and P-to-S scattered waves to locate the voids, and the results using scattered P- and S-waves can cross-validate each other to reduce the possibility of false detections. The directional wave packet can be numerically synthesized using existing shot gathers; therefore, no special physical source is required. We determine our method using data calculated using a boundary element method to model the seismic wavefield in an irregularly layered medium containing several empty voids. We test the robustness of our method using the same data but with 15% root-mean-square random noise added. Furthermore, we compare our method with the reverse time migration imaging method using the same data and find that our method provides superior results that are not dependent on the construction of a velocity model.
Personalized Prediction Model to Risk Stratify Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Nazha Aziz , Komrokji Rami , Meggendorfer Manja , Jia Xuefei , Radakovich Nathan , Shreve Jacob , Hilton C. Beau , Nagata Yasunubo , Hamilton Betty K. , Mukherjee Sudipto , Al Ali Najla , Walter Wencke , Hutter Stephan , Padron Eric , Sallman David , Kuzmanovic Teodora , Kerr Cassandra , Adema Vera , Steensma David P. , Dezern Amy , Roboz Gail , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Erba Harry , Haferlach Claudia , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Haferlach Torsten , Sekeres Mikkael A.
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have a survival that can range from months to decades. Prognostic systems that incorporate advanced analytics of clinical, pathologic, and molecular data have the potential to more accurately and dynamically predict survival in patients receiving various therapies.

METHODS

A total of 1,471 MDS patients with comprehensively annotated clinical and molecular data were included in a training cohort and analyzed using machine learning techniques. A random survival algorithm was used to build a prognostic model, which was then validated in external cohorts. The accuracy of the proposed model, compared with other established models, was assessed using a concordance (c)index.

RESULTS

The median age for the training cohort was 71 years. Commonly mutated genes included SF3B1, TET2, and ASXL1. The algorithm identified chromosomal karyotype, platelet, hemoglobin levels, bone marrow blast percentage, age, other clinical variables, seven discrete gene mutations, and mutation number as having prognostic impact on overall and leukemia-free survivals. The model was validated in an independent external cohort of 465 patients, a cohort of patients with MDS treated in a prospective clinical trial, a cohort of patients with paired samples at different time points during the disease course, and a cohort of patients who underwent hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.

CONCLUSION

A personalized prediction model on the basis of clinical and genomic data outperformed established prognostic models in MDS. The new model was dynamic, predicting survival and leukemia transformation probabilities at different time points that are unique for a given patient, and can upstage and downstage patients into more appropriate risk categories.
Effects of Dietary Fat and Protein on Glucoregulatory Hormones in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Harray Amelia J , Binkowski Sabrina , Keating Barbara L , Horowitz Michael , Standfield Scott , Smith Grant , Paramalingam Nirubasini , Jones Timothy , King Bruce R , Smart Carmel E M , Davis Elizabeth A
Published: August 2021

Context

Dietary fat and protein impact postprandial hyperglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Glucoregulatory hormones are also known to modulate gastric emptying and may contribute to this effect.

Objective

Investigate the effects of fat and protein on glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), glucagon-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon secretion.

Methods

2 crossover euglycemic insulin clamp clinical trials at 2 Australian pediatric diabetes centers. Participants were 12-21 years (n = 21) with type 1 diabetes for ≥1 year. Participants consumed a low-protein (LP) or high-protein (HP) meal in Study 1, and low-protein/low-fat (LPLF) or high-protein/high-fat (HPHF) meal in Study 2, all containing 30 g of carbohydrate. An insulin clamp was used to maintain postprandial euglycemia and plasma glucoregulatory hormones were measured every 30 minutes for 5 hours. Data from both cohorts (n = 11, 10) were analyzed separately. The main outcome measure was area under the curve of GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon.

Results

Meals low in fat and protein had minimal effect on GLP-1, while there was sustained elevation after HP (80.3 ± 16.8 pmol/L) vs LP (56.9 ± 18.6), P = .016, and HPHF (103.0 ± 26.9) vs LPLF (69.5 ± 31.9) meals, P = .002. The prompt rise in GIP after all meals was greater after HP (190.2 ± 35.7 pmol/L) vs LP (152.3 ± 23.3), P = .003, and HPHF (258.6 ± 31.0) vs LPLF (151.7 ± 29.4), P < .001. A rise in glucagon was also seen in response to protein, and HP (292.5 ± 88.1 pg/mL) vs LP (182.8 ± 48.5), P = .010.

Conclusion

The impact of fat and protein on postprandial glucose excursions may be mediated by the differential secretion of glucoregulatory hormones. Further studies to better understand these mechanisms may lead to improved personalized postprandial glucose management.
Genome-wide Association Study of Lipid Traits in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Santoro Nicola , Chen Ling , Todd Jennifer , Divers Jasmin , Shah Amy S , Gidding Samuel S , Burke Brian , Haymond Morey , Lange Leslie , Marcovina Santica , Flannick Jason , Caprio Sonia , Florez Jose C , Srinivasan Shylaja
Published: August 2021

Context

Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the pathogenic components of dyslipidemia in youth with T2D are poorly understood.

Objective

To evaluate the genetic determinants of lipid traits in youth with T2D through a genome-wide association study.

Design, Participants, and Main Outcome Measures

We genotyped 206 928 variants and imputed 17 642 824 variants in 1076 youth (mean age 15.0 ± 2.48 years) with T2D from the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) and SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) studies as part of the Progress in Diabetes Genetics in Youth (ProDiGY) consortium. We performed association testing for triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations adjusted for the genetic relationship matrix within each substudy followed by meta-analyses for each trait.

Results

We identified a novel association between a deletion on chromosome 3 (3:67817380_AT/A_Deletion:RP11-81N13.1) and triglyceride levels at genome-wide level of significance (P = 2.3 × 10−8) with each risk allele increasing triglycerides by 20%. We also identified a genome-wide significant signal at rs247617 (P = 5.1 × 10−9) between HERFUD1 and CETP associated with HDL-c, with carriers of 1 copy of the risk allele having twice higher HDL-c.

Conclusions

Our genetic analyses of lipid traits in youth with T2D have identified 1 novel and 1 previously known locus. Additional studies are needed to further characterize the genetic architecture of dyslipidemia in youth with T2D.
Insights into in vivo adipocyte differentiation through cell-specific labeling in zebrafish
Authors: Lepanto Paola , Levin-Ferreyra Florencia , Koziol Uriel , Malacrida Leonel , Badano José L.
Published: August 2021

White adipose tissue hyperplasia has been shown to be crucial for handling excess energy in healthy ways. Though adipogenesis mechanisms have been underscored in vitro, we lack information on how tissue and systemic factors influence the differentiation of new adipocytes. While this could be studied in zebrafish, adipocyte identification currently relies on neutral lipid labeling, thus precluding access to cells in early stages of differentiation. Here we report the generation and analysis of a zebrafish line with the transgene fabp4a(-2.7):EGFPcaax. In vivo confocal microscopy of the pancreatic and abdominal visceral depots of transgenic larvae, revealed the presence of labeled mature adipocytes as well as immature cells in earlier stages of differentiation. Through co-labeling for blood vessels, we observed a close interaction of differentiating adipocytes with endothelial cells through cell protrusions. Finally, we implemented hyperspectral imaging and spectral phasor analysis in Nile Red-labeled transgenic larvae and revealed the lipid metabolic transition towards neutral lipid accumulation of differentiating adipocytes. Altogether our work presents the characterization of a novel adipocyte-specific label in zebrafish and uncovers previously unknown aspects of in vivo adipogenesis.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Multiview tiling light sheet microscopy for 3D high-resolution live imaging
Authors: Aakhte Mostafa , Müller Hans-Arno J.
Published: August 2021

Light-sheet or selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) is ideally suited for in toto imaging of living specimens at high temporal-spatial resolution. In SPIM, the light scattering that occurs during imaging of opaque specimens brings about limitations in terms of resolution and the imaging field of view. To ameliorate this shortcoming, the illumination beam can be engineered into a highly confined light sheet over a large field of view and multi-view imaging can be performed by applying multiple lenses combined with mechanical rotation of the sample. Here, we present a Multiview tiling SPIM (MT-SPIM) that combines the Multi-view SPIM (M-SPIM) with a confined, multi-tiled light sheet. The MT-SPIM provides high-resolution, robust and rotation-free imaging of living specimens. We applied the MT-SPIM to image nuclei and Myosin II from the cellular to subcellular spatial scale in early Drosophila embryogenesis. We show that the MT-SPIM improves the axial-resolution relative to the conventional M-SPIM by a factor of two. We further demonstrate that this axial resolution enhancement improves the automated segmentation of Myosin II distribution and of nuclear volumes and shapes.
Electrically tunable lenses – eliminating mechanical axial movements during high-speed 3D live imaging
Authors: Efstathiou Christoforos , Draviam Viji M.
Published: August 2021

The successful investigation of photosensitive and dynamic biological events, such as those in a proliferating tissue or a dividing cell, requires non-intervening high-speed imaging techniques. Electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) are liquid lenses possessing shape-changing capabilities that enable rapid axial shifts of the focal plane, in turn achieving acquisition speeds within the millisecond regime. These human-eye-inspired liquid lenses can enable fast focusing and have been applied in a variety of cell biology studies. Here, we review the history, opportunities and challenges underpinning the use of cost-effective high-speed ETLs. Although other, more expensive solutions for three-dimensional imaging in the millisecond regime are available, ETLs continue to be a powerful, yet inexpensive, contender for live-cell microscopy.
Incisional correction of corneal astigmatism during ‎phacoemulsification – a randomized trial
Authors: Mohammad Najah K. , Elewa Tamer F. , Aldehaimy Enas B. , Almamoun Tareq A.
Published: August 2021

Background: Phacoemulsification is regarded as a type of refractive surgery by which it is possible to ‎reduce pre-existing corneal stigmatism.‎ This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of on-axis corneal incision with or without opposite clear corneal incisions (OCCI) to correct preoperative corneal astigmatism during uncomplicated phacoemulsification ‎surgeries.‎

Methods: A randomized, prospective, parallel two-arm interventional study, which included a ‎total 40 eyes from 40 patients, was conducted.‎ Patients were divided into two groups: 20 patients as controls underwent phacoemulsification with on-axis incision (CCI group), and 20 patients underwent phacoemulsification with OCCI (OCCI group).

Results: Mean astigmatic correction was significantly higher in the OCCI group (0.665 vs 0.265 diopters, p-value <0.001), compared to the CCI group. Most of the parameters (surgical induced astigmatism, magnitude of error, and correction index) were significantly higher in the OCCI group compared to the CCI group (p-value <0.01). There were no ‎incision-related complications.

Conclusions: Both incisional methods are useful methods for correction of preoperative corneal ‎astigmatism but OCCIs correct a higher amount of astigmatism than the on-axis clear ‎corneal incision.‎

Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04418986 (05/06/2020).
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on opioid agonist treatment in Ireland: Protocol for an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Cousins Gráinne , Durand Louise , Boland Fiona , Harnedy Norma , Delargy Íde , Scully Mike , Bourke Margaret , Ebbitt William , Otero Vázquez María , Keenan Eamon
Published: August 2021

While opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is the most effective treatment for opioid dependence, it is heavily dependent on regular face-to-face healthcare delivery placing both clients and treatment providers at risk of COVID-19. Following the emergence of COVID-19, policies were rapidly changed in Ireland, with the introduction of national contingency guidelines by the HSE National Social Inclusion Office, beginning in March 2020 to ensure rapid and uninterrupted access to OAT while balancing efforts to mitigate COVID-19 risk. This study aims to assess the impact of the national contingency guidelines, on the quality of OAT care delivered in Ireland.

An interrupted time series analysis will be conducted using anonymised aggregated level data obtained from the Central Treatment List (CTL), the national register of people receiving OAT, administered by the National Drug Treatment Centre Board on behalf of the HSE. Separate segmented regressions will be conducted to estimate the impact of the national contingency guidelines on the following outcomes: (1) number of patients in treatment; (2) number of patients starting OAT; (3) average waiting time for treatment; (4) number of people on waiting list; (5) number of patients dropping out of treatment.  The study period will be divided into pre-(March 2019 to February 2020) and post- intervention (April 2020 to March 2021) segments. Immediate (change in level) and longer-term impacts (change in slope) of changes to provision of OAT in each of the outcomes will be investigated. Regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be reported.
A preliminary assessment of the impact of women’s susceptibility to Hashimoto's thyroiditis on the occurrence of anxiety and depressive disorders
Authors: Karakiewicz-Krawczyk Katarzyna , Knyszyńska Anna , Wieder-Huszla Sylwia , Zabielska Paulina , Włodarska Joanna , Jurczak Anna
Published: August 2021

Aim of the study

There huge differences in the incidence of autoimmune thyroid diseases between women and men, which is caused by sexual differentiation of the immune system. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is now one of the most prevalent autoimmune disorders. Its diagnosis is challenging, and its effects on mental health can often impose a greater burden on the patients than physical symptoms. The aim of this study was to make a preliminary assessment of anxiety levels and depressive symptoms in women with diagnosed Hashimoto’s disease.

Subject or material and methods

The study included 205 women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The study consisted of two parts. Part one employed the diagnostic survey method with the use of standardised questionnaires and a proprietary interview questionnaire. Part two involved the analysis of biochemistry parameters in blood serum to determine thyroid status.

Results

The analysis revealed moderate anxiety levels in women with Hashimoto’s disease. Women with moderate and severe depression were in the minority, while mild depression was observed in 40% of the participants. A statistically significant relationship was demonstrated between state anxiety and TSH level.

Discussion

Patients with autoimmune thyroiditis are at risk for the development of depression, social phobia, anxiety disorders and sleep disorders.

Conclusions

Depressive symptoms co-occur with anxiety disorders in the group of women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The studied group of patients presented mild depressive symptoms and moderate anxiety disorders. A higher level of state anxiety in the group of women with Hashimoto’s disease is correlated with higher serum TSH. Lower serum FT4 co-occurs with more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Writing to Learn: A Framework for Structuring Writing Assignments to Support Analytics Course Learning Goals
Authors: Getchell Kristen M. , Pachamanova Dessislava A.
Published: August 2021

Drawing on the scholarship of writing and learning, this article motivates the use of writing assignments in analytics courses and develops a framework for instructional design that advances both writing skills and discipline-specific learning. We translate a best practices set of foundational writing concepts into a matrix of design levers for analytics instructors and propose an instructional design process that balances discipline-specific learning goals with foundational writing concepts through specific writing activities. We summarize our experience applying the framework to a particular data science course and present some early evidence for favorable outcomes. The positive effect we observe extends beyond learning course concepts and includes increased student engagement and contributions to group work.
Overbooked and Overlooked: Machine Learning and Racial Bias in Medical Appointment Scheduling
Authors: Samorani Michele , Harris Shannon L. , Blount Linda Goler , Lu Haibing , Santoro Michael A.
Published: August 2021

Problem definition: Machine learning is often employed in appointment scheduling to identify the patients with the greatest no-show risk, so as to schedule them into or right after overbooked slots. That scheduling decision maximizes the clinic performance, as measured by a weighted sum of all patients’ waiting time and the provider’s overtime and idle time. However, if a racial group is characterized by a higher no-show risk, then the patients belonging to that racial group will be scheduled into or right after overbooked slots disproportionately to the general population. Academic/Practical Relevance: That scheduling decision is problematic because patients scheduled in those slots tend to have a worse service experience than the other patients, as measured by the time they spend in the waiting room. Thus, the challenge becomes minimizing the schedule cost while avoiding racial disparities. Methodology: Motivated by the real-world case of a large specialty clinic whose black patients have a higher no-show probability than non-black patients, we analytically study racial disparity in this context. Then, we propose new objective functions that minimize both schedule cost and racial disparity and that can be readily adopted by researchers and practitioners. We develop a race-aware objective, which instead of minimizing the waiting times of all patients, minimizes the waiting times of the racial group expected to wait the longest. We also develop race-unaware methodologies that do not consider race explicitly. We validate our findings both on simulated and real-world data. Results: We demonstrate that state-of-the-art scheduling systems cause the black patients in our data set to wait about 30% longer than nonblack patients. Our race-aware methodology achieves both goals of eliminating racial disparity and obtaining a similar schedule cost as that obtained by the state-of-the-art scheduling method, whereas the race-unaware methodologies fail to obtain both efficiency and fairness. Managerial implications: Our work uncovers that the traditional objective of minimizing schedule cost may lead to unintended racial disparities. Both efficiency and fairness can be achieved by adopting a race-aware objective.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Section on Responsible Research in Operations Management.

Funding: M. Samorani’s work was partly funded by the 2020 Leavey Research Grant.

Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0999 .
Pengembangan Cookies Non Terigu dari Campuran Tepung Beras, Tepung Tapioka, dan Tepung Maizena
Authors: Rahmadewi Yunda Maymanah , Sabila Silmi
Published: August 2021

Pemanfaatan tepung yang sering dijumpai di dapur seperti tepung beras, tepung tapioka, dan tepung maizena hanya sebatas pengolahan tunggal pada olahan sederhana. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan formulasi dan perbandingan tepung beras, tepung tapioka, dan tepung maizena sebagai bahan baku cookies. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kandungan gizi dan nilai kalori cookies no terigu tersebut. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap 3 kali ulangan dengan faktor perbandingan tepung beras, tepung tapioka, tepung maizena. Cookies yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dianalisa sifat kimianya antara lain analisa kadar air, kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar abu, kadar karbohidrat, dan kadar serat kasar. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan annova. Apabila hasil yang diperoleh ada beda nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT dengan tingkat signifikasi 5%. Cookies yang dihasilkan juga dihitung nilai kalori per sajiannya.Cookies berbahan baku campuran tepung beras, tepung tapioka, dan tepung maizena memiliki kadar abu, kadar lemak, dan nilai kalori yang sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia produk sejenis yaitu biskuit. Sedangkan kadar protein, kadar serat kasar, dan kadar karbohidrat belum sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia biskuit. Formulasi cookies yang dipilih berdasarkan kandungan kimia cookies yaitu campuran tepung beras, tepung tapioka, dan tepung maizena dengan perbandingan 65:30:5 karena memiliki kadar protein paling tinggi.
Pandemi Tak Berarti Surut Rejeki: Studi Kasus Social Media Marketing Strategies Pada Usaha Mikro Berbasis Rumah “Pawon Bu Puspa”
Authors: Wulandari Anggraeni
Published: August 2021

Sebagai langkah bertahan hidup, beberapa usaha mikro tumbuh di tengah masyarakat. Meskipun demikian, usaha yang tumbuh di tengah pandemi ini, tidak semua mampu berkembang dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui langkah penggunaan media sosial sebagai strategi pemasaran usaha mikro berbasis rumah yaitu “Pawon Bu Puspa”, guna menjawab keresahan penggiat usaha mikro dalam melakukan strategi pemasaran saat pandemi. Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data menggunakan pengamatan daring dan wawancara secara daring. Teknik pemilihan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling kepada narasumber terpilih, tentang pemanfaatan media sosial dalam pemasaran Usaha Mikro “Pawon Bu Puspa” pada saat pandemi di Kota Surakarta. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pemanfaatan media sosial dalam pemasaran, sangat aman dan efektif di tengah situasi pandemi. Aman karena pembeli dan penjual berinteraksi lewat media sosial dan efektif karena omset “Pawon Bu Puspa” cenderung stabil dari awal pandemi hingga kini. Media sosial yang digunakan dalam pemasaran diantaranya adalah WhatsApp dan Instagram. Konten yang ditayangkan adalah produk dan pengetahuan seputar produk yang dipasarkan, baik manfaat maupun testimoni dari pelanggan. Selain aktif di akun Instagram “Pawon Bu Puspa”, pemasaran juga aktif pada akun Instagram pribadinya dan nomor WhatsApp admin “Pawon Bu Puspa”. Hasil penelitian dapat menjadi rujukan keberhasilan penggunaan media sosial dalam strategi pemasaran usaha mikro di tengah kondisi pandemi.
Understanding Cohesive Law Parameters in Ductile Fracture Initiation and Propagation
Authors: Seabra Mariana R. R. , César de Sá José M. A.
Published: August 2021

Continuum Damage Mechanics is successfully employed to describe the behaviour of metallic materials up to the onset of fracture. Nevertheless, on its own, it is not able to accurately trace discrete crack paths. In this contribution, Continuous Damage Mechanics is combined with the XFEM and a Cohesive Law to allow the full simulation of a ductile fracture process. In particular, the Cohesive Law assures an energetically consistent transition from damage to crack for critical damage values lower than one. Moreover, a novel interpretation is given to the parameters of the cohesive law. A fitting method derived directly from the damage model is proposed for these parameters, avoiding additional experimental characterization.
A Case of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: Finding the Culprit Acetabular Tumor and Successful Resection with a Novel Hip Joint-Preserving Surgery
Authors: Turin Christie G. , Wilson Robert J. , Mangone Ciera , Rosenspire Karen , Berman Jessica , Walker Michelle , Amaravadi Ravi , Mukaddam Mona Al
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic disorder caused by tumors that produce fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) resulting in phosphate wasting and inadequate bone mineralization. Complete resection of the tumor can be curative. However, these tumors are typically difficult to find anatomically due to small size and location.
Case Report: We present the case of a patient who presented for evaluation of recurrent fractures and hypophosphatemia in the setting of elevated FGF23 suggestive of TIO. 68Gallium-DOTATATE revealed multiple somatostatin avid lesions in several ribs, left acetabulum, sacrum, right tibia, and feet, some of which appeared with fracture on computed tomography scan, initially concerning for metastatic disease. However, the lesion in acetabulum was considered the culprit tumor given its remarkably higher maximum standard uptake values. Complete surgical removal of the FGF23-secreting tumor led to cure of this disease.
Conclusion: This case report highlights the challenges with functional imaging differentiating fractures from the culprit lesion and reports on a novel surgical technique that allowed for surgical cure while preserving the hip joint.
Keywords: Hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia, tumor, functional imaging, surgical technique.
Photonic generation of flexible and adjustable microwave waveforms based on a dual-polarization Mach–Zehnder modulator
Authors: Chen Haoyu , Ma Jianxin
Published: August 2021

We have proposed a photonic waveform generation scheme based on a dual-polarization Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPol-MZM). In this scheme, a dual-frequency optical signal generated by RF optical carrier suppression modulation via a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) is divided into two beams; one is further modulated by the RF signal via a DPol-MZM to generate

±
1

st and

±
3

rd-order sidebands, and the other is further modulated by the RF signal via a second MZM to generate

±
2

nd-order sidebands. After two modulated optical signals are detected by a balanced photodiode, the second, fourth, and sixth-order harmonics without cross-beating terms are generated in the differential photocurrent. Since the harmonic amplitudes can be controlled independently by the optical power of the two optical beams and the DC biases of the DPol-MZM, the waveforms can be tuned conveniently. Based on the simulation, frequency-doubled triangular, rectangular, and sawtooth waveforms with a full-duty cycle at a repetition rate of 20 GHz are successfully generated with their harmonic amplitude ratio in the electric spectrum close to the ideal amplitude ratio, and the symmetry of the triangular waveform from 20% to 80% is tuned.
Microfiber sensor probe integrated with a cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometer
Authors: Chen Qi , Gao Feng , Wang Zhaokun , Wang Hailong , Wang D. N. , Zhou Shenghua , Pan Guiming
Published: August 2021

Developing micrometer-nanometer size optical fiber sensors has promising application prospects in microenvironments, such as biological cells, micro robots, and microfluids. We propose a new strategy to fabricate a microfiber sensor probe (MSP). A femtosecond laser was applied to integrate cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) into a silica microfiber. And a MSP with diameter of

∼

8

µ

m

, extinction ratio of 15 dB, fitness of 24.6, and Q-factor of 2310 was demonstrated in the experiment. In addition, the MSP was applied for the refractive index and thermal measurement and the sensitivity was observed to be 10 pm/°C and 18.5 nm/RIU. The two-beam approximation model was applied to analyze the spectrum, and simulations were taken to research the refractive index sensitivity influenced by the fiber size.
High precision integrated photonic thermometry enabled by a transfer printed diamond resonator on GaN waveguide chip
Authors: Smith Jack A. , Hill Paul , Klitis Charalambos , Weituschat Lukas , Postigo Pablo A. , Sorel Marc , Dawson Martin D. , Strain Michael J.
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate a dual-material integrated photonic thermometer, fabricated by high accuracy micro-transfer printing. A freestanding diamond micro-disk resonator is printed in close proximity to a gallium nitride on a sapphire racetrack resonator, and respective loaded Q factors of 9.1 × 104 and 2.9 × 104 are measured. We show that by using two independent wide-bandgap materials, tracking the thermally induced shifts in multiple resonances, and using optimized curve fitting tools the measurement error can be reduced to 9.2 mK. Finally, for the GaN, in a continuous acquisition measurement we record an improvement in minimum Allan variance, occurring at an averaging time four times greater than a comparative silicon device, indicating better performance over longer time scales.
Generation of gradient photonic moiré lattice fields
Authors: Shang Chunlei , Lu Chengzhen , Tang Siwei , Gao Yuanmei , Wen Zengrun
Published: August 2021

We designed and generated gradient photonic moiré lattice fields comprising three varying periodic moiré wavefields. Because of the common twisted angles between periodic triangular and hexagonal moiré wavefields, gradient patterns can be easily obtained through coherent superposition of hexagonal-triangular-hexagonal photonic moiré lattice fields. In addition, two specific twisted angles of Δα|C=3 and Δα|C=5 are proposed, which not only guarantee the periodicity of moiré fields but also provide an additional degree of freedom to control the structural arrangement of the gradient photonic moiré lattice fields. Further study reveals the non-diffracting character of the gradient photonic moiré lattice field generated using the holographic method. This study proposes an easy way to generate and control the structures of gradient moiré lattice fields that can be used to fabricate photonic lattices in optical storage media for light modulation.
Optical metasurfaces for waveguide couplers with uniform efficiencies at RGB wavelengths
Authors: Gu Diyang , Liang Chenhui , Sun Libin , Chen Hang , Chen Yuan , Yang Liu
Published: August 2021

Optical metasurfaces hold great potential for near-eye display applications with high optical efficiency, light-weight and compactness. Taking advantage of optical resonances in subwavelength features, metasurfaces can diffract optical beams at RGB primary colors efficiently, forming superimposed virtual images over a real-world scene with merely a single glass substrate in augmented realities (AR) applications. We report for the first time a metasurface with double or triple nano-beams in each period for high angle diffraction with a uniform efficiency at RGB wavelengths. An efficiency as high as 30-40% of the first diffraction order is obtained across field of view, allowing a single piece of AR glass for light in-coupling to deliver image uniformly. The underlying physics is investigated through systematic full-vector numerical simulations. It is found that strong resonances inside the nano-beams with different sizes are the main reason for the deflection of wavefront as well as the Poynting vectors, leading to an efficient coupling of the incident light into the first-order diffraction. The resonances also manipulate the light absorption among the RGB colors for uniform efficiency. This work provides a new understanding of optimal metasurface structure for waveguide couplers using multiple nano-beams.
Kritische Erfolgsfaktoren für die Auswahl eines IT-Serviceproviders am Beispiel der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherungen
Authors: Hohmeister Felix , Rückel David
Published: August 2021

Seit der Einführung des E‑Government Gesetzes ist das Thema in deutschen Verwaltungen omnipräsent. Die durch das Onlinezugangsgesetz (OZG) verpflichtende Bereitstellung von Online-Services erhöht den Druck auf die Verwaltungen zusätzlich. Ganzheitliche Veränderungen der Organisation sind nötig, um sich an den Bedarf der veränderten Umwelt anzupassen. Die Bürger*innen erwarten von den Verwaltungen Komfort in der Kommunikation und digitale Verarbeitung aller Anliegen wie im privaten oder beruflichen Umfeld. Eine Unterstützung bei der Umsetzung der Anforderungen des OZG bzw. des E-Governments können IT-Serviceprovider darstellen. Diese sind in der Lage, zentralisierte, skalierbare Soft- und Hardwarelösungen bereitzustellen und Defizite im vorhandenen Know-How sowie Ressourcenengpässe im öffentlichen Sektor zu kompensieren. Entscheidend dafür ist die rechtskonforme und zukunftssichere Auswahl eines IT-Serviceproviders. Dieser Forschungsbeitrag identifiziert und analysiert die für die Auswahl eines IT-Serviceproviders maßgeblichen kritischen Erfolgsfaktoren im Umfeld der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherungen Deutschlands. Aus Sicht der Wissenschaft trägt dieser Artikel somit zu einer breiteren Diskussion im Bereich Strategien zu e‑Government bzw. E‑Governance sowie Umsetzung des OZG bei. Für die Praxis wird aufgezeigt, wie ein strategischer Mehrwert aus der Neuausrichtung der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherungen hin zu einer modernen Verwaltung entstehen kann, um zukünftigen Entscheidungsträger*innen weitsichtige Entscheidungen zu ermöglichen und den Bürger*innen optimierte Services anbieten zu können.
Increased chronic disease prevalence among the younger generation: Findings from a population-based data linkage study to inform chronic disease ascertainment among reproductive-aged Australian women
Authors: Harris Melissa L. , Egan Nicholas , Forder Peta M. , Loxton Deborah
Published: August 2021

Background

Chronic disease represents an ongoing public health challenge in Australia with women disproportionately affected and at younger ages compared to men. Accurate prevalence and ascertainment of chronic disease among women of reproductive age at the population level is essential for meeting the family planning and reproductive health challenges that chronic diseases pose. This study estimated the prevalence of chronic disease among younger Australian women of reproductive age, in order to ascertain key conditions that would benefit from targeted family planning support strategies.

Methods and findings

Population-level survey data from the 1973–78 and 1989–95 cohorts of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health were linked to health service use, pharmaceutical, cancer and cause of death data to ascertain the prevalence and chronic disease trends for ten chronic health conditions associated with poor maternal and foetal outcomes. Individual chronic disease algorithms were developed for each chronic disease of interest using the available linked datasets. Lifetime prevalence of chronic disease varied substantially based on each individual data source for each of the conditions of interest. When all data sources were considered, all conditions with the exception of mental health conditions were higher among women in the 1973–78 cohort. However, when focused on point prevalence at similar ages (approximately 25–30 years), the chronic disease trend for women in the 1989–95 cohort was substantially higher, particularly for mental health conditions (70.4% vs 23.6%), diabetes (4.5% vs 1.3%) and multimorbidity (17.9% vs 9.1%).

Conclusions

Given the low concordance between individual data sources, the use of multiple data sources are recommended for chronic disease research focused on women of reproductive age. In order to reduce the increasing chronic disease and multimorbidity trend among women, strategic chronic disease interventions are required to be implemented in childhood and adolescence to ensure the long-term health of not only current but also future generations.
Is salamander arboreality limited by broad-scale climatic conditions?
Authors: Baken Erica K. , Mellenthin Lauren E. , Adams Dean C.
Published: August 2021

Identifying the historical processes that drive microhabitat transitions across deep time is of great interest to evolutionary biologists. Morphological variation can often reveal such mechanisms, but in clades with high microhabitat diversity and no concomitant morphological specialization, the factors influencing animal transitions across microhabitats are more difficult to identify. Lungless salamanders (family: Plethodontidae) have transitioned into and out of the arboreal microhabitat many times throughout their evolutionary history without substantial morphological specialization. In this study, we explore the relationship between microhabitat use and broad-scale climatic patterns across species’ ranges to test the role of climate in determining the availability of the arboreal microhabitat. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we reveal that arboreal species live in warmer, lower elevation regions than terrestrial species. We also employ ecological niche modeling as a complementary approach, quantifying species-level pairwise comparisons of niche overlap. The results of this approach demonstrate that arboreal species on average display more niche overlap with other arboreal species than with terrestrial species after accounting for non-independence of niche model pairs caused by geographic and phylogenetic distances. Our results suggest that occupation of the arboreal microhabitat by salamanders may only be possible in sufficiently warm, low elevation conditions. More broadly, this study indicates that the impact of micro-environmental conditions on temporary microhabitat use, as demonstrated by small-scale ecological studies, may scale up dramatically to shape macroevolutionary patterns.
A weighted region-based level set method for image segmentation with intensity inhomogeneity
Authors: Yu Haiping , Sun Ping , He Fazhi , Hu Zhihua
Published: August 2021

Image segmentation is a fundamental task in image processing and is still a challenging problem when processing images with high noise, low resolution and intensity inhomogeneity. In this paper, a weighted region-based level set method, which is based on the techniques of local statistical theory, level set theory and curve evolution, is proposed. Specifically, a new weighted pressure force function (WPF) is first presented to flexibly drive the closed contour to shrink or expand outside and inside of the object. Second, a faster and smoother regularization term is added to ensure the stability of the curve evolution and that there is no need for initialization in curve evolution. Third, the WPF is integrated into the region-based level set framework to accelerate the speed of the curve evolution and improve the accuracy of image segmentation. Experimental results on medical and natural images demonstrate that the proposed segmentation model is more efficient and robust to noise than other state-of-the-art models.
The evaluation of a web-based tool for measuring the uncorrected visual acuity and refractive error in keratoconus eyes: A method comparison study
Authors: Muijzer Marc B. , Claessens Janneau L. J. , Cassano Francesco , Godefrooij Daniel A. , Prevoo Yves F. D. M. , Wisse Robert P. L.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the outcome of a web-based digital assessment of visual acuity and refractive error, compared to a conventional supervised assessment, in keratoconus patients with complex refractive errors.

Material and methods

Keratoconus patients, aged 18 to 40, with a refractive error between -6 and +4 diopters were considered eligible. An uncorrected visual acuity and an assessment of refractive error was taken web-based (index test) and by manifest refraction (reference test) by an optometrist. Corrected visual acuity was assessed with the prescription derived from both the web-based tool and the manifest refraction. Non-inferiority was defined as the 95% limits-of-agreement (95%LoA) of the differences in spherical equivalent between the index and reference test not exceeding +/- 0.5 diopters. Agreement was assessed by a Bland-Altman analyses.

Results

A total of 100 eyes of 50 patients were examined. The overall mean difference of the uncorrected visual acuity measured -0.01 LogMAR (95%LoA:-0.63–0.60). The variability of the differences decreased in the better uncorrected visual acuity subgroup (95%LoA:-0.25–0.55). The overall mean difference in spherical equivalent between the index and reference test exceeded the non-inferiority margin: -0.58D (95%LoA:-4.49–3.33, P = 0.008). The mean differences for myopic and hyperopic subjects were 0.09 diopters (P = 0.675) and -2.06 diopters (P<0.001), respectively. The corrected visual acuities attained with the web-based derived prescription underachieved significantly (0.22±0.32 logMAR vs. -0.01±0.13 LogMAR, P <0.001).

Conclusions

Regarding visual acuity, the web-based tool shows promising results for remotely assessing visual acuity in keratoconus patients, particularly for subjects within a better visual acuity range. This could provide physicians with a quantifiable outcome to enhance teleconsultations, especially relevant when access to health care is limited. Regarding the assessment of the refractive error, the web-based tool was found to be inferior to the manifest refraction in keratoconus patients. This study underlines the importance of validating digital tools and could serve to increase overall safety of the web-based assessments by better identification of outlier cases.
An application of the ensemble Kalman filter in epidemiological modelling
Authors: Lal Rajnesh , Huang Weidong , Li Zhenquan
Published: August 2021

Since the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in China, and due to the open accessibility of COVID-19 data, several researchers and modellers revisited the classical epidemiological models to evaluate their practical applicability. While mathematical compartmental models can predict various contagious viruses’ dynamics, their efficiency depends on the model parameters. Recently, several parameter estimation methods have been proposed for different models. In this study, we evaluated the Ensemble Kalman filter’s performance (EnKF) in the estimation of time-varying model parameters with synthetic data and the real COVID-19 data of Hubei province, China. Contrary to the previous works, in the current study, the effect of damping factors on an augmented EnKF is studied. An augmented EnKF algorithm is provided, and we present how the filter performs in estimating models using uncertain observational (reported) data. Results obtained confirm that the augumented-EnKF approach can provide reliable model parameter estimates. Additionally, there was a good fit of profiles between model simulation and the reported COVID-19 data confirming the possibility of using the augmented-EnKF approach for reliable model parameter estimation.