bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serial position effects in the Logical Memory Test: Loss of primacy predicts amyloid positivity
Authors: Bruno Davide , Mueller Kimberly D. , Betthauser Tobey , Chin Nathaniel , Engelman Corinne D. , Christian Bradley , Koscik Rebecca L. , Johnson Sterling C.
Published: December 2020

Background

Story recall is a frequently used neuropsychological test of episodic memory with clinical populations and for screening participants in drug trials for Alzheimer’s disease. However, it is unclear at this stage which underlying mechanisms confer the test its sensitivity. In this paper, we examined serial position effects, that is, better recall for items learned early and late on a list, in story recall, and their usefulness to predict early changes associated with neurodegenerative markers.

Methods

We analysed data from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention. First, we tested whether serial position effects were present in story recall (measured with the Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory Task; LMT) across individuals who were classified as cognitively unimpaired – stable, cognitively unimpaired – declining, or as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Results

Our results showed clear serial position effects for all groups, except for delayed recall among individuals with MCI, where no primacy effect was observed. Second, we tested whether loss of primacy from immediate to delayed recall was associated with amyloid burden (as measured with PiB PET) in individuals who were cognitively unimpaired at baseline. We found that more primacy loss predicted amyloid positivity, above and beyond the LMT total score.

Conclusions

This report is the first to show that loss of primacy between immediate and delayed story recall is associated with amyloid burden.
Qatar, the Coronavirus, and Cordons Sanitaires: Migrant Workers and the Use of Public Health Measures to Define the Nation
Authors: Iskander Natsha
Published: December 2020

This article looks at the use of public health strategies to define political membership in the nation. I examine the use of the cordon sanitaire to mitigate the novel coronavirus in Qatar. I argue that it acts primarily as a boundary to map out zones of political exclusion, splitting those who are entitled to protection from disease from those who are not. Through an analysis of the logic, application, and history of the cordon sanitaire in Qatar and elsewhere, I argue that it is only a more explicit example of the ways that governments have applied public health measures such that they apportion exposure to COVID‐19, protecting some while mandating exposure for others. Exposure, or protection from it, has become a means to spatialize power and territorialize the national imaginary, separating full members from those who are excluded and reduced to their economic function.
Effects of a self‐efficacy theory‐based parental education program on eczema control and parental outcomes
Authors: Cheng Nam Sze , Chau Janita Pak Chun , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Choi Kai Chow , Hon Kam Lun Ellis , Lam Pok Hong , Leung Ting Fan
Published: December 2020

Background

Eczema is the most common childhood skin problem worldwide. Education that enhances parental self‐efficacy in carrying out appropriate eczema management is crucial to controlling eczema symptoms of their children. However, the lack of such a structured education program hinders everyday lives of eczematous children and their families. This study evaluated the effects of a self‐efficacy theory‐based parental eczema education program in controlling eczema of Chinese children at three months after commencement of intervention.

Methods

An assessor‐blind, 2‐arm, randomized controlled trial was conducted at an outpatient clinic of a regional hospital. One hundred and thirty‐six Chinese children aged 3 months to 12 years with physician‐diagnosed eczema, and their parents were recruited. The intervention was underpinned by the Social Cognitive Theory. Children's disease severity, parental self‐efficacy, treatment adherence, and quality of life of family members were assessed by validated tools. Generalized estimating equation model was employed to compare differential change in each outcome across time between different groups.

Results

Eczema severity of children and parental self‐efficacy in the intervention group were found to show greater improvement at 3‐month follow‐up with regression coefficient (β) −16.98 (95% CI, −21.04 to −12.92; P < .001) and β 29.39 (95% CI, 22.64‐36.14; P < .001), respectively. Nearly all parents (97%) receiving the intervention rated this program as useful and helpful.

Conclusions

This program is effective in enhancing parents' self‐efficacy in managing their children's eczema and improving their adherence to eczema treatment and quality of life.
Incorporating joint pain screening into the pediatric dermatologic examination
Authors: Rustad Andrea M. , Nolan Brian E. , Ollech Ayelet , Boctor Michael J. , Paller Amy S.
Published: December 2020

Background/Objectives

Joint manifestations are a feature of many pediatric skin disorders, among them psoriasis, autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, hypermobility disorders, and as an adverse effect of certain medications. Identifying joint disease early is important for intervention and prevention of chronic damage. However, pediatric musculoskeletal complaints are common and determining whether symptoms warrant a rheumatology referral for arthritis can be challenging.

Methods

Pediatric dermatologists were surveyed for their comfort in screening for joint disease. Through literature review and interviews with three pediatric rheumatologists, key joints involved in disorders with skin manifestations and arthritis were identified and the essential evaluations were determined.

Results

Of 100 surveyed practicing board‐certified pediatric dermatologists, 79% did not feel confident in their ability to perform a joint‐focused physical examination, a key step in screening for joint disease. A rapid joint examination technique (R‐JET) was developed, along with an accompanying three‐question survey and body diagram for patient self‐report of symptoms. A video demonstration of the R‐JET was created as a teaching tool.

Conclusions

Teaching and incorporation of a rapid screening examination for arthritis by pediatric dermatologists has the potential to identify pediatric arthritis earlier, facilitate referral, and reduce the risk of progressive joint disease. These instruments can easily be incorporated into a pediatric dermatology office visit.
Primary cutaneous blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm in a child: A challenging diagnosis and management
Authors: Rivas‐Calderón Marian Kristalia , Cheirif‐Wolosky Orly , Rosas‐Romero Maria Eugenia , Toussaint‐Caire Sonia , Duran‐Mckinster Carola , González‐Pedroza María De Lourdes , López‐Santiago Norma Candelaria , García‐Romero María Teresa
Published: December 2020

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the skin and hematopoietic system. There are few pediatric cases reported in the literature. Management of primary cutaneous BPDCN is challenging because, despite an apparently indolent clinical presentation, rapid dissemination with high mortality can occur. We describe a child with isolated cutaneous involvement who had a good response to chemotherapy as first‐line treatment of BPDCN.
Non‐income effect of land ownership and tenure on subjective wellbeing in South Africa
Authors: Kollamparambil Umakrishnan
Published: December 2020

Aside from the very high inequality of land ownership, South Africa is characterised by a dual land tenure system comprising of private ownership and communal land ownership. Using waves 4 and 5 of the National Income Dynamics Study longitudinal data set, a set of econometric methodologies is employed to quantify the impact of ownership and tenure on an index of subjective wellbeing (SWB) constructed from eight self‐reported responses covering general life satisfaction, contrast, social capital, mental health and hope for future. Controlling for the income effect and other pertinent drivers of SWB, the study highlights the non‐income impact of land ownership and tenure on the subjective wellbeing of individuals. To account for possible endogeneity and self‐selection, instrumental variable and matching method‐based treatment effects are computed. This paper has two main findings in relation to land tenure in South Africa: (a) land owners have on average a higher index of SWB compared to those not owning land, and (b) owning land privately, compared to owning land communally, has a positive impact on subjective wellbeing within land owners. These results are consistent and statistically significant across the various estimation strategies and provide additional motivation for expediting land reforms in South Africa.
Social Innovation and Local Development: An Analysis in an Agroenergy Condominium for the Family Agriculture
Authors: Antonovz Tatiane , Correa Michael Dias , Costa Mayla Cristina
Published: December 2020

This article aims to verify how the process of social innovation, resulting from the constitution of an agroenergy condominium in Brazil, was responsible for the promotion of local development. We consider that social innovation promotes development in its multiparadigmatic concept and is an economic means of governance creation. The results show that there were positive implications for the families, the environment and for the technological development. The use of biofuels is an option to the Brazilian energy scenario, since it has reduced transaction costs. But one challenge is the better use of biodigestion residues, used as biofertilizers. This is a developing and costly process compared to traditional fertilizers. There are also challenges regarding the standardization of the distribution of generated energy and technology for the generation of this energy resource. Finally, a model of local development generation based on greater promotion of social innovation is proposed. The findings from this Brazilian research are not limited for use in Brazil only and can be adopted/adapted for application in other countries provided local cultural differences are considered.
Evaluation of surface layer stability of surface-modified polyester biomaterials
Authors: Poli Hamish , Mutch Alexandra L. , A Anitha , Ivanovski Saso , Vaquette Cedryck , Castner David G. , Gómez-Cerezo María Natividad , Grøndahl Lisbeth
Published: December 2020

Surface modification of biomaterials is a strategy used to improve cellular and in vivo outcomes. However, most studies do not evaluate the lifetime of the introduced surface layer, which is an important aspect affecting how a biomaterial will interact with a cellular environment both in the short and in the long term. This study evaluated the surface layer stability in vitro in buffer solution of materials produced from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (50:50) and polycaprolactone modified by hydrolysis and/or grafting of hydrophilic polymers using grafting from approaches. The data presented in this study highlight the shortcomings of using model substrates (e.g., spun-coated films) rather than disks, particles, and scaffolds. It also illustrates how similar surface modification strategies in some cases result in very different lifetimes of the surface layer, thus emphasizing the need for these studies as analogies cannot always be drawn.
Compact representation of temporal processes in echosounder time series via matrix decomposition
Authors: Lee Wu-Jung , Staneva Valentina
Published: December 2020

The recent explosion in the availability of echosounder data from diverse ocean platforms has created unprecedented opportunities to observe the marine ecosystems at broad scales. However, the critical lack of methods capable of automatically discovering and summarizing prominent spatio-temporal echogram structures has limited the effective and wider use of these rich datasets. To address this challenge, a data-driven methodology is developed based on matrix decomposition that builds compact representation of long-term echosounder time series using intrinsic features in the data. In a two-stage approach, noisy outliers are first removed from the data by principal component pursuit, then a temporally smooth nonnegative matrix factorization is employed to automatically discover a small number of distinct daily echogram patterns, whose time-varying linear combination (activation) reconstructs the dominant echogram structures. This low-rank representation provides biological information that is more tractable and interpretable than the original data, and is suitable for visualization and systematic analysis with other ocean variables. Unlike existing methods that rely on fixed, handcrafted rules, this unsupervised machine learning approach is well-suited for extracting information from data collected from unfamiliar or rapidly changing ecosystems. This work forms the basis for constructing robust time series analytics for large-scale, acoustics-based biological observation in the ocean.
Preservice Physical Education Teacher’s Development of Adaptive Competence
Authors: Xie Xiuye , Ward Phillip , Oh Daekyun , Li Yilin , Atkinson Obidiah , Cho Kyuil , Kim Mijoo
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This study had two purposes. One purpose was to explore preservice physical education teachers’ development of adaptive competence in six core practices during planning and teaching in physical education. The second purpose was to understand how rehearsals and repeated teaching as two pedagogies of practice-based teacher education were perceived by preservice teachers in their development of adaptive competence. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study using descriptive analysis to analyze data collected from lesson plans and a collective case study to analyze semistructured interviews. Findings: Preservice teachers made the most adaptations in the core practices of coordinating and adjusting instruction, establishing rules and routines, and providing precise instruction. Rehearsals and repeated teaching were perceived as effective strategies to facilitate the development of adaptive competence in teaching. Conclusions: Findings are discussed in terms of three contemporary teacher education conceptualizations: (a) adaptive competence, (b) core practices in physical education, and (c) practice-based teacher education pedagogies.
Low-income students lose ground
Authors: Avery Christopher , Dynarski Susan , Turner Sarah
Published: December 2020

Income inequality in college attendance and graduation in the United States was troublingly large before the pandemic. Without an aggressive infusion of federal support for schools and students, these already sizable gaps will likely widen into chasms.
Establishment and Validation of Pathogenic CS17
+
and CS19
+
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Challenge Models in the New World Primate Aotus nancymaae
Authors: Hall Eric R. , O'Dowd Aisling , Rollenhagen Julianne E. , Espinoza Nereyda , Nunez Gladys , Savarino Stephen J.
Published: December 2020

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) is a common cause of diarrheal illness in the military, travelers, and children living in low- to-middle income countries. Increased antibiotic resistance, the absence of a licensed vaccine, and the lack of broadly practical therapeutics perpetuate the significant health and financial burden resulting from ETEC infection.
Supplemental Material: Stable Ca and Sr isotopes support volcanically triggered biocalcification crisis during Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a
Authors: Wang Jiuyuan , al. et
Published: December 2020

Lithology, methodology, data, and supporting information.
Supplemental Material: Hotspot signatures at the North American passive margin
Authors: Tao Zhongmin , al. et
Published: December 2020

Methods and additional figures, including ray paths, phase velocities, model resolution tests, and cross plots of shear wave velocity versus radial anisotropy.
How do programmes to prevent intimate partner violence among the general population impact women with disabilities? Post-hoc analysis of three randomised controlled trials
Authors: Dunkle Kristin , Gibbs Andrew , Chirwa Esnat , Stern Erin , Van Der Heijden Ingrid , Washington Laura
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Women with disabilities experience higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) than women without disabilities. There remains limited evidence about whether IPV prevention interventions for the general population have benefits for women with disabilities that compare to those for women without disabilities. Using data from IPV prevention randomised controlled trials in diverse locations (Rwanda, South Africa and Afghanistan), we assess whether outcomes differed by disability status.

Methods

We assessed disability at baseline in three IPV prevention trials. We performed post-hoc analysis of intervention impacts at endline (22 or 24 months post-baseline) stratified by disability status at study baseline and tested an interaction term for disability at baseline by intervention arm for three sets of outcomes: (1) past year experiences of physical, sexual and severe IPV; (2) economic and livelihood outcomes; and (3) health, mental health and substance use outcomes.

Results

At baseline between 17.7% and 26.2% of women reported being disabled. For IPV prevention, in seven out of eight tests across three studies, women with and without disabilities had similar outcomes. For economic, health and substance use outcomes, there was more variation, with women with disabilities reporting both better and worse outcomes than women without disabilities; however there was no clear pattern in these differential results.

Conclusion

IPV prevention programmes targeting general populations can prevent IPV among women with disabilities participants with benefits that mirror those for women without disabilities. Benefits for participants with and without disabilities on secondary programme outcomes related to economic empowerment and health may be more varied and should be explicitly monitored.
Comprehensive database and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on psychotherapies reducing suicidal thoughts and behaviour: study protocol
Authors: Hu Mandy Xian , Palantza Christina , Setkowski Kim , Gilissen Renske , Karyotaki Eirini , Cuijpers Pim , Riper Heleen , de Beurs Derek , Nuij Chani , Christensen Helen , Calear Alison , Werner-Seidler Aliza , Hoogendoorn Adriaan , van Balkom Anton , Eikelenboom Merijn , Smit Jan , van Ballegooijen Wouter
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Psychotherapy may reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviour, but its effectiveness is not well examined. Furthermore, conventional meta-analyses are unable to test possible effects of moderators affecting this relationship. This protocol outlines the building of a comprehensive database of the literature in this research field. In addition, we will conduct an individual patient data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) to establish the effectiveness of psychotherapy in reducing suicidality, and to examine which factors moderate the efficacy of these interventions.

Methods and analysis

To build a comprehensive database, randomised controlled trials examining the effect of any psychotherapy targeting any psychiatric disorder on suicidal thoughts or behaviour will be identified by running a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from data inception to 12 August 2019. For the IPD-MA, we will focus on adult outpatients with suicidal ideation or behaviour. In addition, as a comparison group we will focus on a control group (waiting-list, care as usual or placebo). A 1-stage IPD-MA will be used to determine the effectiveness of psychotherapy on suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and/or suicide deaths, and to investigate potential patient-related and intervention-related moderators. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be conducted to test the robustness of the findings. Additionally, a conventional MA will be conducted to determine the differences between studies that provided IPD and those that did not. IPD-MA may determine the effectiveness of psychotherapy in reducing suicidality and provide insights into the moderating factors influencing the efficacy of psychotherapy. Answering these questions will inform mental healthcare practitioners about optimal treatments for different groups of individuals with suicidal ideation and/or behaviour and consequently help to reduce suicide risk.

Ethics and dissemination

An ethical approval is not required for this study. The results will be published in a peer-review journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020140573
Protocol for an implementation study of an evidence-based home cardiac rehabilitation programme for people with heart failure and their caregivers in Scotland (SCOT:REACH-HF)
Authors: Purcell Carrie , Daw Paulina , Kerr Claire , Cleland J , Cowie Aynsley , Dalal Hasnain M , Ibbotson Tracy , Murphy Clare , Taylor Rod
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Despite evidence that cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an essential component of care for people with heart failure, uptake is low. A centre-based format is a known barrier, suggesting that home-based programmes might improve accessibility. The aim of SCOT: Rehabilitation EnAblement in CHronic Heart Failure (REACH-HF) is to assess the implementation of the REACH-HF home-based CR intervention in the context of the National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland.

This paper presents the design and protocol for this observational implementation study. Specific objectives of SCOT:REACH-HF are to: (1) assess service-level facilitators and barriers to the implementation of REACH-HF; (2) compare real-world patient and caregiver outcomes to those seen in a prior clinical trial; and (3) estimate the economic (health and social) impact of implementing REACH-HF in Scotland.

Methods and analysis

The REACH-HF intervention will be delivered in partnership with four ‘Beacon sites’ across six NHS Scotland Health Boards, covering rural and urban areas. Health professionals from each site will be trained to facilitate delivery of the 12-week programme to 140 people with heart failure and their caregivers. Patient and caregiver outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Assessments include the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), five-dimension EuroQol 5L, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with up to 20 health professionals involved in programme delivery (eg, cardiac nurses, physiotherapists). 65 facilitator-patient consultations will be audio recorded and assessed for fidelity. Integrative analysis will address key research questions on fidelity, context and CR participant-related outcomes. The SCOT:REACH-HF findings will inform the future potential roll-out of REACH-HF in Scotland.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been given ethical approval by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Service (reference 20/WS/0038, approved 25 March 2020). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The study is listed on the ISRCTN registry with study ID ISRCTN53784122. The research team will ensure that the study is conducted in accordance with both General Data Protection Regulations and the University of Glasgow’s Research Governance Framework. Findings will be reported to the funder and shared with Beacon Sites, to facilitate service evaluation, planning and good practice. To broaden interest in, and understanding of REACH-HF, we will seek to publish in peer-reviewed scientific journals and present at stakeholder events, national and international conferences.
Students’ preparedness for disasters in schools: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Seddighi Hamed , Sajjadi Homeira , Yousefzadeh Sepideh , López López Mónica , Vameghi Meroe , Rafiey Hassan , Khankeh Hamid Reza , Garzon Fonseca Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Children are one of the most vulnerable groups in disasters. Improving students’ knowledge and skills to prepare for disasters can play a major role in children’s health. School as a place to teach children can make a significant contribution to provide the necessary skills. This study aims to identify the effects, strengths and weaknesses of interventions in schools to prepare children for disasters.

Methods and analysis

We use Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to develop a protocol for this systematic review. The included studies will report on the results of interventions targeting ‘schoolchildren’ defined as individuals between 4 and under 18 years old studying in schools. Different electronic databases will be used for a comprehensive literature search, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and EMBASE to identify the records that match the mentioned inclusion criteria published till December 2020. The main search terms are ‘disaster’, ‘preparedness’, ‘children’ and ‘school’. Four types of data will be extracted from the qualified studies including study characteristics (study design, year of publication and geographical region where the study was conducted), participant characteristics (sample size, age and gender), intervention characteristics (aim of intervention, intervention facilitators and barriers) and intervention outcomes. The quality appraisal of the selected papers will be conducted using Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias for quantitative studies and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies. We use a narrative synthesis for this systematic review. The narrative synthesis refers to an approach to systematic reviews which focuses mostly on applying words and texts to summarise and explain findings.

Ethics and dissemination

This paper is a part of a Ph.D. thesis of Hamed Seddighi at University of Social welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences with ethics code IR.USWR.REC.1399.008 approved by the Ethics Committee of the above-mentioned university.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020146536.
Stroke care during the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain: the experience of Spanish stroke units
Authors: Alonso de Leciñana María , Castellanos Mar , Ayo-Martín Óscar , Morales Ana
Published: December 2020

Background and purpose

Spain has been heavily affected by COVID-19. Reallocation of resources for managing the outbreak might have caused a disruption in stroke care. This study analyses the impact on stroke care of reorganising the healthcare system in response to the first COVID-19 outbreak peak in Spain and the strategies adopted by Spanish stroke units to deal with this impact.

Materials and methods

We obtained data from a structured survey sent to the responsible of stroke units across the country. We recorded the number of strokes, stroke code activations, intravenous thrombolysis treatments and mechanical thrombectomies during February and March 2019 and 2020. We also collected information on the impact on workflow metrics and on the availability of specialised neurological care and rehabilitation treatments, the characteristics of stroke care for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact on human resources. We compared the activity data between 2019 and 2020 and the information on activity and impact on stroke care between regions classified according to the disease incidence rate.

Results

Fifty-seven (75%) of all stroke units in Spain responded to the survey. There was an overall reduction in admissions for all stroke types during the outbreak’s peak and in the number of stroke code activations and intravenous thrombolysis treatments, results that were independent of the COVID-19 incidence rate. Participants reported a delay in workflow metrics and a reduction of admissions to stroke units, outpatient clinics and rehabilitation therapies. Specific pathways and protocols for managing stroke patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been established.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 outbreak has jeopardised all phases of stroke care. As a consequence, some patients with stroke did not receive adequate treatment.
Dynamics of abundant solutions to the generalized (3+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
Authors: Lu Huanhuan , Zhang Yufeng
Published: December 2020

The present paper is devoted to discussion of (3+1)-dimensional generalized B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (gBKP) equation from point of view of their multi-soliton solutions and localized solutions associated with multi-soliton solutions. Firstly, taking advantage of the Bell-polynomial approach, we construct the Hirota bilinear form of (1.1). Based on that, the multi-soliton solutions are also singled out. Subsequently, the (3+1)-dimensional gBKP equation is also found to allow fruitful localized solutions, including breather, lump, rogue wave, and hybrid solutions. These results obtained in this work adequately illustrate the effectiveness of the long wave limit method and complex conjugate technique, which are expected to be employed to obtain more abundant exact solutions.
Adaptive POD surrogate model method for centrifugal pump impeller flow field reconstruction based on clustering algorithm
Authors: Chen Xuebing , Zhang Renhui , Jiang Lijie , Yang Weifeng
Published: December 2020

To reduce the calculation cost and improve the accuracy of flow field prediction, an adaptive proper orthogonal decomposition (APOD) surrogate model based on K-means clustering algorithm was proposed to reconstruct the flow field of impeller. The experiment samples were designed by introducing the perturbation of the blade control parameters such as blade wrap angle and blade angle of outlet. K-means clustering algorithm was used to classify the sample blade shapes, and find out the cluster of the objective blade. The snapshot set, which consisted of the blade shape and the flow field data of impeller, can be described as a linear combination of orthogonal basis by POD method. The radial basis function (RBF) was used to fit the orthogonal basis coefficients of the objective blade, and then the flow field of objective impeller was reconstructed. The traditional fixed sample POD (FPOD) method and the proposed APOD method were used to reconstruct the flow field in impeller, respectively, and the prediction results of the two methods were compared and analyzed. The results show that the proposed APOD method could quickly and accurately reconstruct the objective flow field. The flow field prediction accuracy of the APOD method is significantly higher than the FPOD method, and the calculation time for the flow field prediction is less than 1/360 of the CFD.
EMODnet collation of geological events data provides evidence of their mutual relationships and connections with underlying geology: a few examples from Italian seas
Authors: Fiorentino A. , Battaglini L. , D'Angelo S.
Published: December 2020

‘Geological events and probabilities’ is one of the datasets available as geographical information system (GIS) maps on the European Marine Observation and Data network (EMODnet) Geology Portal (
http://www.emodnet-geology.eu/map-viewer/
). It collates existing data on earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, fluid emissions and volcanic eruptions in European seas. Active faults have also been considered. Here we focus on Italian seas to tentatively infer mutual relationships between geological events and their connections with underlying geology and will comment on occurrences in three key geographical areas: the Ligurian Sea, the Southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea and the Aeolian Archipelago. This analysis can be of great support in the field of civil protection, as well as in the planning of human activities in marine-coastal areas.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Mapping the Geology and Topography of the European Seas (EMODnet) collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/EMODnet
The impact of volcanic ash on the safety of aviation industry: review of China's current situation
Authors: Liang Yiqiang , Xu Jiandong
Published: December 2020

By synthesizing relevant research findings from China and other countries, this paper discusses the distribution and eruption types of volcanoes in China. An analysis of the spreading characteristics of volcanic ash possibly caused by volcanic eruptions such as those from Changbaishan is presented, and the impact of volcanic ash on aviation flight safety, as well as several key methods of monitoring volcanic ash, are discussed. This paper also outlines the operational process of China's aviation industry in addressing volcanic ash and compares and analyses the handling of volcanic ash by civil aviation industries globally. Further, ways of dealing with volcanic ash are then suggested for China's aviation industry.
The Balance of Attention
Authors: Millard David E. , Packer Heather , Howard Yvonne , Hargood Charlie
Published: December 2020

There is a long history of research exploring how augmented and mixed reality systems can be used to support visitors to cultural heritage locations, but the technological or application specific focus of much of this research means that our understanding of how these experiences work is more of a collection of insights, rather than a coherent theory about how the elements of the experience come together. There is a danger that without developing this knowledge further, our systems will be technologically complex, but experientially simplistic. In this article, we explore how one form of mixed reality experience, digital locative storytelling, can impact the experience of place, and in turn how place impacts the experience of story. We have analyzed 33 interviews, and 25 participant observations from 12 story deployments at 2 different sites. Our findings confirm that locative storytelling experiences not only impart information to readers, but also help them to rediscover familiar places and see hidden relationships—especially through time. But our findings also show how the success of the experience is reliant on the balance of attention between the virtual and real (the story and the place), and that issues with navigation, social interactions, and technology are problematic because they can disrupt this balance. Digital locative experiences therefore need to be designed carefully in order to create a balance of attention (e.g., by aligning the elements of the story with the topology and character of place). We call this a state of Loco-Narrative Harmony, in which place and story are working together and reader attention is balanced, creating an effect that is greater than the sum of its parts.
Culturally Significant Presence in Single-player Computer Games
Authors: Champion E.
Published: December 2020

Cultural presence is a term used to explain and evaluate cultural learning in virtual heritage projects but is less frequently used for video games. Given the increasing importance of video games to cultural heritage, this article investigates explanations of cultural presence that could be communicated by games, especially concerning UNESCO and ICOMOS definitions of cultural significance. The aim is to determine if cultural presence can be communicated via video games and across a range of game genres.

Observations derived from game prototyping workshops for history and heritage aided the development of a teachable list of desirable game elements. To distinguish itself from the vagueness surrounding theories of cultural presence, a theory of
culturally significant presence
is proposed. Culturally significant presence requires three components: culturally significant artifacts and practices; an overarching framework of a singular, identifiable cultural viewpoint; and awareness by the participant of both the culturally significant and the overarching cultural framework and perspective (which gives sites, artifacts, and practices their cultural significance and relational value).

As awareness of cultural presence requires time for reflection, single-player games were chosen that were not completely dependent on time-based challenges. Another criterion was cultural heritage content: They must simulate aspects of heritage and history, communicate a specific cultural framework, or explore and reconstruct a past culture. Four games were chosen that simulate a culture, explain archaeological methods, portray indigenous intangible heritage, or explain historical-based ecosystems of the past based on educational guidelines. The games are
Assassin's Creed: Origins
;
Heaven's Vault
;
Never Alone
; and a Ph.D. project:
Saxon
. Their genres could be described as first-person shooter/open world/virtual tour; dialogue-based puzzle game; 2D platform game; and turn-based strategy game.

The aim is not to evaluate the entire range of interactive virtual environments and games, but to examine the applicability and relevance of this new theory and to ascertain whether the four games provided useful feedback on the concept and usefulness of culturally significant presence. A more clearly demarcated theory may not only help focus evaluation studies but also encourage game developers to modify or allow modification of commercial games for classroom teaching of digital heritage.
Review—Silicene: From Material to Device Applications
Authors: Kharadi Mubashir A. , Malik Gul Faroz A. , Khanday Farooq A. , Shah Khurshed A. , Mittal Sparsh , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar
Published: December 2020

During the last decade, there has been considerable interest of researchers towards the use of two-dimensional (2D) materials for the electronic device implementations. The main driving force is the improved performance offered by these 2D materials for electronic device operation in nano-scale regime. Among these 2D material, silicene (the 2D of silicon) has emerged as preferred choice because of its expected integration with silicon based technology. This expected integration of silicene with silicon technology is one of the primary advantages of silicene as a material for future electronic devices with the availability of infrastructure of bulk silicon for its processing. Silicene in its basic form is a conductor due to the zero bandgap formation and therefore several techniques have been given in the open literature for forming the band gap in silicene. Besides, silicene has been used to design several electronic devices ranging from transistors to photodetectors. In this paper, a review of silicene is presented considering a) the features/properties offered by it, b) the methods employed for the generation of its bandgap, c) different types of field effect transistors (FETs) reported on silicene, and d) spintronic applications of silicene.
Cardiovascular control during heat stress in older adults: time for an update
Authors: Gravel Hugo , Chaseling Georgia K. , Barry Hadiatou , Debray Amélie , Gagnon Daniel
Published: December 2020

It is generally accepted that older adults display an impaired cardiovascular response to heat stress, and it has been suggested that this impaired response contributes to their increased risk of mortality during extreme heat events. Seminal studies have shown that cutaneous vasodilation, the redistribution of blood flow from visceral organs, and the increase in cardiac output are blunted in older adults during passive heating. The blunted rise of cardiac output was initially attributed to an inability to maintain stroke volume, suggesting that cardiac systolic and/or diastolic function does not adequately respond to the constraints of heat stress in older adults. Recent studies evaluated potential mechanisms underlying these seminal findings and their results challenge some of these initial observations. Notably, stroke volume is maintained during heat exposure in older adults and studies have provided evidence for preserved cardiac systolic and diastolic functions in this population. Nonetheless, a blunted increase in cardiac output during heat exposure remains a consistent observation in older adults, although it is now attributed to a blunted increase in heart rate. Recent studies have also evaluated the possibility that the attenuated capacity of aged skin to vasodilate contributes to a blunted increase in cardiac output during heat stress. The objective of this Mini-Review is to highlight these recent advances and challenge the long-standing view that the control of stroke volume during heat exposure is compromised in older adults. By doing so, our intent is to stimulate future studies to evaluate several unanswered questions in this area of research.
An Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Analgesic Effect of Jakyak‐Gamcho Decoction: A Network Pharmacology Study
Authors: Lee Ho-Sung , Lee In-Hee , Kang Kyungrae , Park Sang-In , Kwon Tae-Wook , Lee Dae-Yeon
Published: December 2020

Herbal drugs have drawn substantial interest as effective analgesic agents; however, their therapeutic mechanisms remain to be fully understood. To address this question, we performed a network pharmacology study to explore the system‐level mechanisms that underlie the analgesic activity of Jakyak‐Gamcho decoction (JGd; Shaoyao‐Gancao‐Tang in Chinese and Shakuyaku‐Kanzo‐To in Japanese), an herbal prescription consisting of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer. Based on comprehensive information regarding the pharmacological and chemical properties of the herbal constituents of JGd, we identified 57 active chemical compounds and their 70 pain‐associated targets. The JGd targets were determined to be involved in the regulation of diverse biological activities as follows: calcium‐ and cytokine‐mediated signalings, calcium ion concentration and homeostasis, cellular behaviors of muscle and neuronal cells, inflammatory response, and response to chemical, cytokine, drug, and oxidative stress. The targets were further enriched in various pain‐associated signalings, including the PI3K‐Akt, estrogen, ErbB, neurotrophin, neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction, HIF‐1, serotonergic synapse, JAK‐STAT, and cAMP pathways. Thus, these data provide a systematic basis to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the analgesic activity of herbal drugs.
Characterization of Mineral and Bone Metabolism Biomarkers in a Chinese Consanguineous Twin Family with Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
Authors: Li Na , Ma Yuhang , Jiang Yun , You Li , Huang Yunhong , Peng Yongde , Ding Xiaoying , Zhao Li
Published: December 2020

Purpose. Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare, autosomal, recessive genetic disease characterized by digital clubbing, periostosis, and pachydermia. The underlying cause for the pathogenesis of this disease is a defect in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) degradation, caused by mutations in HPGD or SLCO2A1. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics, SLCO2A1 mutations, and bone metabolic markers of a PHO pedigree from a Chinese consanguineous twin family. Methods. Whole blood and urine samples were collected from all the family members. All the exons and exon-intron boundaries of the HPGD and SLCO2A1 genes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The biomarkers of mineral and bone metabolism, including calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), bone Gla-protein (BGP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), and urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (Uca/Ucr) were detected. Results. A homozygous (nonsense) mutation in the SLCO2A1 gene (c.1807C >T/p.R603

∗

) was detected in the proband. Five heterozygous carriers were also identified among his relatives, including his twin brother. The serum BGP (225.5 ng/ml), β-CTX (4112 pg/ml), and Uca/Ucr (0.63) levels were significantly elevated, while the 25(OH)D (37.1 nmol/L) level was reduced in the proband. The proband’s twin brother displayed increased levels of β-CTX (901 pg/ml) and insufficiency of 25(OH)D (67.29 nmol/L), while the other heterozygous carriers only displayed 25(OH)D insufficiency. Conclusion. The patients with PHO displayed an active state of bone reconstruction. There may be a lack of vitamin D, accompanied by an increase in BGP and β-CTX levels. Heterozygous mutations of SLCO2A1 might lead to mild PHO.
A Significant Association of Upper Limb Muscle Strength with Thyroid Function in Overweight and Obese Population: A Study of the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2014-2015)
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Jo Kwanhoon , Ha Jeonghoon , Lim Dong-Jun , Lee Jung Min , Chang Sang-Ah , Kang Moo Il , Kim Min-Hee
Published: December 2020

Background. As skeletal muscle is one of main targets of thyroid hormone signalling, an association of thyroid function and muscle strength could be expected. The aim of study is to evaluate the association of free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) with upper limb muscle strength, measured by hand grip strength, in subjects with normal FT4 from national representative data. The study utilized the sixth edition of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After exclusion of subjects with FT4 level out of normal range, a history of thyroid disease or cerebral disease, restricted activity, and incomplete data, a total of 3503 were recruited (age range 19–80 years, 51% male). FT4 positively correlated with upper limb muscle strength (β coefficient = −12.84,

p
<
0.001

), while TSH did negatively (β coefficient = −0.37,

p
=
0.002

). After adjusting for confounding factors, statistical significance disappeared. However, among subjects with BMI above 23 kg/m2, a negative correlation of TSH with upper limb muscle strength was found in a younger age group (19–39 years old) (β coefficient = −0.56,

p
=
0.021

), while FT4 positively correlated with upper limb muscle strength (β coefficient = 3.24,

p
=
0.019

) in an older group (above 40 years old). In overweight and obese subjects, a significant association of thyroid function with upper limb muscle strength was observed in nation-wide representative data. High TSH in a younger group and low FT4 in an older group could be risk factors for decreased upper limb muscle strength in obese population.
Disturbance Observer-Based Complementary Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Control for PMSM Drive System
Authors: Lan Yong-Hong , Zheng Li-Tao , Wang Zhao-Hong
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a disturbance observer-based complementary fractional-order sliding mode control (CFOSMC) scheme is proposed for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system. First, to reconstruct the load disturbance and parameter variations, a nonlinear disturbance observer is designed. Next, a disturbance observer-based fractional-order sliding mode with a saturation function control law is designed to reduce the chattering problem in the existing fractional-order sliding mode control (FOSMC) method. Furthermore, to reduce the thickness of the boundary layer, a CFOSMC scheme is designed. By using the fractional-order Lyapunov stability theorem, the existence condition and the chattering problem are analyzed. Compared with the existing FOSMC, the obtained CFOSMC law does not contain any high-order derivatives of tracking error, which is easier to implement. Finally, the numerical simulations and experimental results are provided to show the superiority of the proposed method. To improve the performance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system in terms of tracking rapidity, accuracy, and robustness, a complementary fractional-order sliding mode control (CFOSMC) scheme with disturbance observer is proposed in this paper.