bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergizing Organizational Values and Psychological Capital for Wellbeing: Insights from Sri Lankan Public Administration
Authors: Bandara C. M. Y. S. S. , Dissanayake K. , Adikaram Arosha S.
Published: November 2024

The role of human cognitive processes and constructs such as psychological capital (PsyCap), wellbeing, and values in encouraging positive behavior has been extensively examined in the existing body of knowledge, especially capturing the attention of scholars and practitioners in the domains of management and organization studies. However, how these concepts interactively create positive behavior is rarely taken into consideration in scholarly discussions. Thus, the present paper aims to explore how the values professed by an organization (i.e. espoused values) could lead employees towards positive behaviors through PsyCap and wellbeing. The research setting is Sri Lankan public administrative organization (SLPAO) and the study participants are top-level managers. This study takes an interpretivist approach with a qualitative inquiry by employing a series of in-depth interviews and organizational documents, where the initial findings on espoused values of SLPAO were then subjected to a secondary qualitative framework analysis based on the theoretical lenses of CHOSE and PERMA models of PsyCap and well-being. The findings of the present study show that the public administrators’ perceived espoused values carry reflections of wellbeing and encompass the dimensions of PsyCap. Accordingly, positive emotions are reflected by the values independence and humanity & morality; engagement by service boundedness and duty consciousness; positive relations by fairness & justice and concern on employees; meaning by public inter-est and effectiveness; and accomplishment by efficiency, expertise and formality & order. The findings clearly highlight how the espoused values become a source of PsyCap, encompassing hope and optimism while also tending to the collective well-being, and thereby enhancing positive behaviors overall. The findings suggest the potential application of PsyCap and well-being to leverage espoused values as a precursor of positive behavior among public servants. Nonetheless, the study emphasizes the necessity for further scholarly endeavors to explore the intricate connections between organizational values, PsyCap, wellbeing, and positive organizational behavior.
Empowering Investors: Reducing Herd Bias through Financial Literacy and Self-reflective Thinking
Authors: Shantha K. V. A.
Published: November 2024

Herd behavior, where investors mimic the trades of others rather than relying on their own information or analysis, is a widespread phenomenon that can lead to suboptimal investment decisions and market inefficiencies. Hence, understanding how to reduce this behavior is crucial for improving individual investment outcomes and sustainable market performance. Though the literature suggests that self-reflection and financial literacy have potential to mitigate herd bias, it is unclear as to how these two perspectives interact to minimize this irrational behavior. By drawing on insights from the adaptive market hypothesis, transformative learning theory, concept of bounded rationality and dual process theory, this study attempts to enhance the understanding of this phenomenon by introducing a conditional mediation model that promotes self-directed learning. It predicts that investors can reduce their herd bias through self-reflection on their past stock trading experiences, which they can practice by engaging intuitive logical thinking and strengthen further through their financial literacy. Since herding is generally predicted to be more prevalent in frontier stock markets, the study was conducted in a frontier market - the Colombo Stock Exchange. The data was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire from 253 active individual investors, and analyzed by applying the PROCESS procedure. The findings reveal the significance of self-reflection as a mediating variable across its antecedents, which provides strong evidence for its central role in reducing herd bias. Notably, the findings indicate that self-reflection has a stronger effect on reducing herd bias of investors with lower level of financial literacy. It implies that investors with low financial literacy are more susceptible to herd bias, and self-reflection facilitates them to recognize and minimize their herd bias. Accordingly, the study concludes that promoting self-reflection can empower individual investors to become more financially literate and thereby mitigate their herd bias.
Judicialization of the Administrative Process? A Study on the Role of Natural Justice Principles in the Public Administration of Sri Lanka
Authors: Rathnayake S. H.
Published: November 2024

Studies on the role of administrative law in the realization of the public policy of a country has been the subject for numerous studies, but rarely has it been observed through the prism of natural justice. Therefore, the present study aims to address this dearth in research by focusing on the role principles of natural justice can play in the exercise of discretion by public administrators, the agents whose work helps realize the public policy of a country. To achieve this objective, this study has conducted a review of the major administrative law cases that were decided in Sri Lanka along with the local and international literature that relates to this subject. Thus, this study argues that there is a discernable hesitancy in the early administrative law decisions to recognize the role natural justice principles can play when safeguarding the rights of the public from the abuse of discretionary powers by the administrators. However, a more receptive attitude towards recognizing the role of natural justice in public administration could be observed towards the late twentieth century in Sri Lanka, a shift that is probably brought forth by the changing welfarist policies and socio-economical instabilities in the country. Therefore, this study contends that the role natural justice principles can play when curving the discretionary powers of the administrative authorities has now been well established in Sri Lanka, creating a legal tradition that continues to gain prominence within the country’s public policy developments. However, this study also has identified some criticisms that can be levelled against the incorporation of natural justice principles in the public administration of Sri Lanka which in turn may prevent the general public from reaping the full benefits of those progressive changes that continue to take place.
Application of Natural Justice Principles in Workplace Discipline: The Need for Legal Reform in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rajapakse R. L. W. , Seneviratne P. K. , Seneviratne P. K. S. K.
Published: November 2024

Principles of natural justice, including fair hearings and unbiased decision-makers, should apply in employee disciplinary procedures. However, Sri Lankan labor law does not statutorily require employers to conduct domestic inquiries before imposing disciplinary punishments. This study investigated whether courts continue to uphold principles of natural justice in the absence of a legal mandate requiring domestic inquiries, thereby assessing the necessity for legal reforms. Through examining legislation, case law, and academic literature, this study found courts generally only consider if a valid reason exists for the punishment, not whether fair procedures were followed. Further discrimination arises between public and private sector employees in applying natural justice principles. Reforming labor law to mandate domestic inquiries before employee punishment would strengthen natural justice rules and align with international standards like ILO Convention 158. This reform is needed to universally uphold procedural fairness in workplace discipline. Until then, the judiciary cannot fully ensure employees’ rights to fair disciplinary procedures are protected. Courts have upheld natural justice primarily under writ or fundamental rights jurisdiction, mainly benefiting public sector employees. Private sector employees lack that protection. Requiring domestic inquiries before punishment through amending the Industrial Disputes Act would fill this gap. This suggested legal reform would bolster the rule of law in Sri Lanka’s employment relations. As the law stands, employers currently have full discretion on disciplinary procedures. Statutorily mandating domestic inquiries would check that unilateral authority. This study demonstrates the need to embed fair process requirements into labor legislation to fully realize principles of natural justice.
A case of methotrexate toxicity in induced abortion
Authors: Sohal M. , Yadav R. , Chopra K.
Published: November 2024

Background: Methotrexate is an anticancer drug from the antimetabolite class which is being used in cases of unruptured ectopic pregnancy and as an abortifacient as well. Giving correct dosage according to the body weight and body surface area is of utmost importance to avoid the complications.Case:  A 29-year-old, G4P3L3 at 8+3 weeks of gestation with previous three cesarean sections, presented to our hospital with complaints of fever, abdominal pain, multiple episodes of diarrhea and vomiting and oral ulcers for two days. On enquiring, it was found that she received two doses of injection methotrexate (75 and 50 mg) as an abortifacient for an unwanted intrauterine pregnancy from a local doctor nearby. On presentation, her general condition was poor, she was dehydrated, temperature was 101.3°F, pulse rate was 130 beats/minute, blood pressure was 102/64mmHg, respiratory rate was 25/minute and SPO2 was 99% on room air. Her body weight was 55 kgs. Skin pigmentation and multiple oral ulcers were present. Per speculum and per vaginal examination was suggestive of minimal spotting and bulky uterus. Initial blood investigations revealed a hemoglobin level of 8.8 gm/dl, TLC of 1000/mm3, platelet count of 1.45L, INR of 1.37, and normal liver and renal function tests. A provisional diagnosis of methotrexate toxicity was made. Management of the patient was started in consultation with medical oncologist along with supportive treatment. She received IV fluids, antibiotics, and blood products (2-unit PCV and 12-RDP). She received oral leucoverin 15 mg QID and two doses of 300 mg granulocyte stimulating factor each. Gradually, her condition improved and thereafter tablet misoprostol was given for abortion. She was discharged after 13 days of hospital stay with contraceptive advice.Conclusion: The successful management of this case who presented with a constellation of symptoms and deteriorating hematological parameters exhibits the significance of a multidisciplinary approach and vigilant monitoring. Strategies to reduce the side effects and their early recognition include a safety checking procedure like SMART (safety of methotrexate therapy by assessing risks and toxicity) and determining plasma methotrexate concentrations.
Cervical clamping: An innovative adjunct for management of postpartum haemorrhage
Authors: McCully B. , Dodampahala S. H. , Miller Alex , Calandra C.
Published: November 2024

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional methods for acute management, such as uterotonics, uterine massage, and surgical interventions, may prove insufficient, prompting the search for alternative techniques. This article reviews the innovative use of cervical clamping as an adjunct to the critical first line care of patients with PPH, evaluating its efficacy, safety, and potential future implications1. The review highlights how mechanical pressure to the cervix may facilitate innate physiological reflexes to improve uterine contraction, promising a noninvasive alternative to control severe obstetric bleeding. The findings suggest that cervical clamping could be particularly beneficial in resource-limited settings where pharmacological and advanced surgical options are not readily available2.
Diverse Epithelial Lymphocytes in Zebrafish Revealed Using a Novel Scale Biopsy Method
Authors: Park Gilseung , Foster Clay A , Malone-Perez Megan , Hasan Ameera , Macias Jose Juan , Frazer J Kimble
Published: November 2024

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a compelling model for studying lymphocytes because zebrafish and humans have similar adaptive immune systems, including their lymphocytes. Antibodies that recognize zebrafish proteins are sparse, so many investigators use transgenic, lymphocyte-specific fluorophore-labeled lines. Human and zebrafish lymphocyte types are conserved, but many aspects of zebrafish lymphocyte biology remain uninvestigated, including lymphocytes in peripheral tissues, like epidermis. This study is, to our knowledge, the first study to focus on zebrafish epidermal lymphocytes, using scales. Obtaining zebrafish blood via nonlethal methods is difficult; scales represent a source to longitudinally sample live fish. We developed a novel biopsy technique, collecting scales to analyze epithelial lymphocytes from several transgenic lines. We imaged scales via confocal microscopy and demonstrated multiple lymphocyte types in scales/epidermis, quantifying them flow cytometrically. We profiled gene expression of scale, thymic, and kidney-marrow (analogous to mammalian bone marrow) lymphocytes from the same animals, revealing B- and T-lineage signatures. Single-cell quantitative real-time PCR and RNA sequencing show not only canonical B and T cells but also novel lymphocyte populations not described previously. To validate longitudinal scale biopsies, we serially sampled scales from fish treated with dexamethasone, demonstrating epidermal lymphocyte responses. To analyze cells functionally, we employed a bead-ingestion assay, showing that thymic, marrow, and epidermal lymphocytes have phagocytic activity. In summary, we establish a novel, nonlethal technique to obtain zebrafish lymphocytes, providing the first quantification, expression profiling, and functional data from zebrafish epidermal lymphocytes.
Prognostic value of CURB-65 and pneumonia severity index (PSI) in COVID-19 pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jain Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Varun , Bhat Pranav Kumar , Seval Manoj
Published: November 2024

Objective:

To validate a better scoring system between CURB- 65 and the pneumonia severity index (PSI) to predict the need for intensive care unit admission and 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients in a tertiary care hospital in Kota, Rajasthan. Relevant data about history, and general and systemic examination with laboratory investigations was collected. Patients were categorized into different risk groups for ICU admission and 30-day mortality according to CURB-65 and PSI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve were calculated. Continuous variables, means and percentages were compared using the t-test for numerical data and the Chi-square test for nominal data.

Results:

100 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT- PCR were included; 67 were male and 33 were female. 58 patients had severe disease (SpO2≤90%) and 30 patients died. CURB- 65 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 for predicting ICU admission, with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 54% for high risk patients. Meanwhile, PSI had an AUC of 0.88, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 73% in high risk patients. In addition, CURB-65 had an AUC of 0.79 for predicting 30-day mortality, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 89% in high risk patients. PSI had an AUC of 0.71 for predicting 30-day mortality, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 46% in high risk patients.

Conclusions:

This single-centre retrospective study involving a cohort of COVID-19 patients demonstrates that CURB-65 and PSI are powerful tools for predicting mortality. However, PSI appears to be slightly better at predicting the need for intensive care unit admission in high-risk patients.
Pearls and Paradigms in the Management of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Review
Authors: Chaudhari Isha , Luthra Anshika , Sah Rishabh , Acharya Manisha , Gandhi Arpan
Published: November 2024

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) generally displays a protracted course with significant morbidity. This is partly due to the fact that it is often misdiagnosed as viral or fungal keratitis. It is associated most with contact lens (CL) wear in developed countries, and exposure to soil or unsanitary water in the developing countries. The textbook description of AK includes the presence of ring infiltration, radial keratoneuritis, and disproportionate pain. Of the patients that presented to our tertiary care center, only 40% had a history of CL use, and 33% had a ring infiltrate. Corneal scraping for microbiological culture on non-nutrient agar serves as the gold standard for diagnosis. Corneal biopsy and confocal microscopy hold diagnostic value in deeper lesions, and polymerase chain reaction and newer molecular techniques are emerging as rapid and effective tools. Biguanides are the drug of choice for AK. But it is important to reconstitute these drugs in correct dosages; otherwise, corneal toxicity can take place. The use of corticosteroids in AK is a matter of debate. We have used corticosteroids in cases with persistent keratitis, severe pain, and extra-corneal manifestations under the cover of amoebicidal therapy. Surgical intervention in the acute phase is reserved for advanced AK with limbus encroachment, perforations, or fulminant corneal abscesses. AK is thus a severe, potentially blinding disease, where a prompt diagnosis ensuring the timely commencement of amoebicidal therapy is an essential component of improving the patient’s prognosis. In this article, we have discussed the presentation, challenges in diagnosis and management, and our experience in managing AK.
Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Epibulbar Osseous Choristoma
Authors: Nangia Prabhat , Jeria Sandhya , Subramanian Krishnakumar , Lambat Sarang
Published: November 2024

Epibulbar osseous choristoma is a rare benign tumor composed of bone tissue. We report a case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with a painless mass on the sclera of her left eye. The patient underwent anterior segment optical coherence tomography and computed tomography as part of her preoperative evaluation. The mass was surgically removed, and histopathological examination confirmed it to be an epibulbar osseous choristoma. This case report aims to increase awareness of this rare tumor, highlight its swept-source optical coherence tomography findings and management.
Management of 360° Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis with Cataract in a One-Eyed: A Challenging Scenario
Authors: Singh Manmeet , Banigallapati Shashidhar
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to discuss the management of 360° peripheral ulcerative keratitis with cataract in a patient with only one functioning eye. Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) is a type of crescent-shaped inflammatory damage that occurs in the limbal region of the cornea. PUK is always combined with an epithelial defect and the destruction of the peripheral corneal stroma. This is a case of a 78-year-old male who presented to us with complaints of redness in his right eye for the last year, with similar recurrent episodes on and off for the last 3 weeks. Examination revealed his right eye anterior segment having 360° peripheral ulcerative keratitis with dense brown hard cataract, and the uncorrected visual acuity was finger counting at 3 metres. At this point of the first examination, the eye was inflamed, so we decided to treat this patient in a phased manner. Phase-1 included a planned 360° amniotic membrane grafting when the eye is rendered quiet, followed by cataract extraction for the patient’s rehabilitation. This case demonstrates the approach we should consider in such cases, with a good result of accomplishing both phases and achieving a best-corrected visual acuity of 6/12 with a pinhole of 6/9.
Characterization and Efficacy of Autologous Serum-based Eyedrops for the Treatment of Severe Ocular Surface Disease
Authors: Arthurs Jennifer R. , Miller Darby D. , Stewart Michael W. , Hassoun Shaimaa A. , Heckman Michael G. , Moerer Ryan T. , Shapiro Shane A.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Chronic dry eye disease (CDED) is a condition of the ocular surface that causes discomfort, visual disturbance, conjunctival injection, and photophobia. A debilitating form of CDED in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplant results from ocular graft versus host disease (oGVHD). Autologous serum eye drops (ASED) have beneficial effects on the ocular surface. The aim of this study is to compare improvements in symptoms and function in a cohort of CDED patients with ocular GVHD treated with ASED and a cohort of CDED without GVHD (non-GVHD). We additionally report on some of the biologic characteristics of one specific ASED formulation.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 71 patients seen in a multi-specialty ophthalmology practice in a university hospital setting receiving ASEDs underwent ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and visual function questionnaire measurements at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Twenty-four ASED samples were studied for biomarkers.

Results:

Compared to baseline, OSDI scores significantly decreased after 3 and 6 months of ASED treatment in both oGVHD and non-GVHD CDED groups. Additionally, visual function questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25) subscales (ocular pain, distance activity, driving, role difficulties, dependency, and mental health) were significantly improved at 3 months and 6 months, and social functioning was improved at 6 months. The majority of patients in both groups had severe disease. Improvements in patient-reported outcomes were greater in the oGHD CDED group than in the non-GVHD CDED group There were no reported complications.

Conclusion:

ASED is safe and effective in patients with CDED due to oGVHD and non-GVHD. Those with oGVHD had greater improvements. These findings potentiate the wider adoption of this therapy in CDED patients and warrant additional studies into the biochemical makeup of ASED.
Current Surgical Options in the Management of Cataract in Keratoconus Patients
Authors: Ling Jennifer Y. M. , Burgos-Blasco Barbara , Moloney Gregory
Published: November 2024

An ectatic cornea presents unique challenges at the time of cataract surgery. Keratoconus is the most common corneal ectasia, affecting 2–54.5 per 100,000 people. Cataract surgery in keratoconus often yields suboptimal visual outcomes, with < 50% achieving within +/−0.5D of the desired refractive target in mild–moderate disease and worsening to 0%–18% in severe disease. Improving postsurgical visual outcomes requires a multifaceted approach, starting with modification of risk factors and patient education. Disease progression should be halted prior to any final surgical plan, often requiring the use of corneal crosslinking to create long-term stability in keratometry prior to cataract surgery. Inaccurate keratometry is a common and significant source of postoperative refractive error, and recent developments in keratoconus-specific intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations have attempted to address this. Despite the above strategies, correction of postsurgical refractive error may be done using corrective lenses or IOL-based techniques. Additionally, surgical strategies such as topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy, intrastromal ring segments, or corneal allogenic intrastromal ring segments can be performed pre- or postoperatively to enhance vision. This review seeks to provide an overview of the considerations and available strategies for cataract surgery in patients with keratoconus.
A brief package of tele-sexual counseling based on Islamic emotion-focused therapy versus tele-sexual health education on sexual intimacy in pregnant women: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Masaeli Zahra , Farajkhoda Tahmineh , Khanabadi Mahdi , Khorasani Alireza
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Physical and emotional changes in pregnancy may reduce sexual intimacy. Pregnant women need empowerment through short-term cultural-based interventions regarding sexual intimacy for better expression of sexual beliefs and expectations. Since studies are limited regarding Islamic emotion-focused therapy (IEFT), this study was conducted to compare the effect of tele-sexual counseling (IEFT) versus tele-sexual health education on sexual intimacy in pregnant women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted among 52 pregnant women with gestational age at least 20–24 weeks through convince sampling referred to Amir Social Welfare Clinic, who were randomly assigned into two groups (each group = 26 women). The intervention group received online six weekly IEFT, and the control group participated in online sexual health education. Primary outcome sexual intimacy was measured via Botlani’s sexual intimacy questionnaire at baseline, end of intervention at week 6, and follow-up at week 10. Secondary outcome satisfaction was assessed via a satisfaction scale at weeks 6 and 10 of the intervention. Data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney, the T-test, the analysis of variance, and repeated measures in SPSS.

RESULTS:

Sexual intimacy was not significantly different between the two groups at baseline. Sexual intimacy was significantly high in the intervention group in weeks 6 (intervention group: 83.12 ± 5.22 versus control group: 70.62 ± 4.42) (P < 0.001) and 10 (intervention group: 84.08 ± 5.03 versus control group: 70.54 ± 4.37) (P < 0.001). Satisfaction in week 6 was 52.38 ± 10.48 in the intervention group versus 42.69 ± 10.98 in the control group (P = 0.001), and at week 10, it was 55.58 ± 10.71 in the intervention group versus 45.12 ± 11.56 in the control group (P = 0.001), with more satisfaction in the intervention group.

CONCLUSION:

Both short-term tele-interventions, IEFT or sexual health, improved sexual intimacy and satisfaction, but Islamic EFT was significantly superior. It seems women need cultural-religious-based interventions such as IEFT to facilitate positive sexual relationship changes, assertiveness in sexual emotion expression, and compassion through the sharing of skills with the husband that can continue individually even after intervention. The study findings can be applied to midwifery education, prenatal care booklets, couple and sex counselors and therapists, and other health care providers.
Balancing your mind and gut: Exploring the influence of sleep and gut health on emotional well-being
Authors: Palve Suchitra , Singh Shradha , Palve Sachin , Lanka Keerthi
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

The relationship between the mind, gut, and sleep is not static and requires proper harmony for optimal emotional health. Recent evidence suggests that gut health is a key player in regulating mental and physical health via bidirectional communication between the brain and gut.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional comparative study was undertaken on 200 participants aged 25-40 years old for two months at a tertiary care hospital. A community-based method was used to select the participants from in and around Pune. The survey was conducted online with the help of a self-designed well-structured detailed questionnaire that included a demographic profile, medical history, history of sleep pattern, gut health status, emotional well-being status about gut and sleep physiology, and lifestyle-related issues and problems was administered to all the study participants.

RESULTS:

A statistically significant correlation was observed between the duration of sleep; and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including heartburn (P=0.03) constipation (P=0.03), bloating (P=0.04), and indigestion (P=0.051). Specific GI symptoms as mentioned above were found to affect the study participants' emotional well-being significantly. Regular physical exercise demonstrated a significant correlation with an increased duration of sleep (P=0.003). Consumption of tobacco, alcohol; smoking, and consumption of stimulants like tea, coffee, and coke showed a significant effect on both the duration and quality of sleep (P=0.004). Gut and sleep disturbances were more common in north Indian subjects as compared to south Indian subjects (P=0.003). The upper socioeconomic population had more GI; sleep and emotional disturbances as compared to the lower socioeconomic study subjects (P=0.002).

CONCLUSION:

The relationship between sleep patterns, emotional well-being gut health is bidirectional. Prioritizing good sleep hygiene, managing stress through mindfulness or relaxation techniques, and maintaining a balanced diet that supports gut health are crucial steps in promoting overall well-being.
The effect of dignity therapy on anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sharifmoradi Tahmineh , Yousefi Hojatollah , Atashi Vajihe , Hashemi Narges , Sami Ramin
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Anxiety and depression can prolong the treatment process and impose financial burdens on the health system in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Dignity therapy is one of the methods of eliminating these symptoms. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dignity therapy on the severity of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This clinical trial was conducted on 62 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, referring to the comprehensive respiratory clinic of Khorshid Hospital (Isfahan, Iran) in 2021. The patients were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. Each patient of the intervention group underwent dignity therapy for four 45–60-min sessions, whereas no intervention was performed in the control group. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), before the intervention and one month after the completion of the intervention in two groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) as well as descriptive (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) and inferential (Chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test) statistics.

RESULTS:

The mean score of anxiety of the patients before the intervention was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.18); but one month after the intervention, it was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P = 0.05). Also, the score of depression was not significantly different between the two groups before (P = 0.68) and one month after the intervention (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Dignity therapy could reduce anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; thus, it could be used as a nonpharmacological, cost-effective and probably without side effects method.
Development of occupational well-being measurement model in the employee of Abadan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Ehsani Farid Elham , Jaafari Azin , Zarrinabadi Zarrin , Erfani Nasrolah
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Given the importance of healthcare centers and the employees of medical centers and affiliated institutions in providing comprehensive health services to the community, especially patients, as well as training the students in health-related fields, it is crucial to address the occupational well-being of university employees who are prone to physical and mental disorders. Therefore, this study aims to develop a model for the occupational well-being of employees at the Abadan University of Medical Sciences.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Two hundred Abadan University of Medical Sciences employees were selected using stratified sampling. All the selected participants responded to the Demo and Paschoal Well-being at Work Scale (2016). The model parameters were estimated using partial least squares regression based on the collected data. Afterward, the measurement model of occupational well-being was tested using fit indices. Moreover, data analysis was performed using Smart-PLS software.

RESULT:

The primary results showed that based on the positive correlation indices and t-test results for the factors of occupational well-being, the Demo and Paschoal measurement model had an acceptable fit; moreover, significant internal correlations were observed among the questionnaire items. The composite reliability and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the factors indicated a high reliability of the occupational well-being measurement model.

CONCLUSION:

The measurement model of occupational well-being was examined, and it is recommended that future researchers employ the current questionnaire to assess occupational well-being.
Examining the knowledge and attitude of nursing and midwifery students of medical sciences universities of Mazandaran province in the field of pain management and related factors in 2023
Authors: Heshmat Farahnaz , Asgharipour Negar , Beirami Ashraf , Hoseinnezhad Seydeh Zeynab , Abhary Maryam Naji
Published: November 2024

Considering the importance of pain management and the complications of non-management by nurses, the present study was carried out with the aim of determining the knowledge and attitude of nursing and midwifery students of medical sciences universities of Mazandaran province in the field of pain management and related factors in 2022. The current research is a cross-sectional study (descriptive and analytical) that was conducted at Universities of Medical Sciences of Mazandaran Province. The sample size was calculated to be 207 people who were selected from nursing and midwifery students of the 5th to 8th semesters who were eligible to enter the study by systematic random sampling. The data collection tools were: a demographic profile questionnaire, a Nurses’ Attitude Survey (NAS), a Nurses’ Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire in the field of pain management, Pain Management Principles Assessment Test (PMPAT). Experiment and data analysis were conducted with SPSS software version 26. The average age of the students was 21.61. The gender of most people (207 people) was female. The average score of knowledge about pain management was 41.53 ± 10.30 and the average score of attitude toward pain management was 65.24 ± 5.26 (on average). The results of the Mann–Whitney test indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the average knowledge and attitude toward pain management according to gender (female), educational background, university semester, having a student work experience (P < 0.05). Also, Spearman’s test showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between students’ knowledge and attitude (R = 0.324), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that the amount of knowledge and attitude toward pain management in the studied nursing and midwifery students is average. In examining the factors related to pain management of patients, things like gender, education history, university semester, having a student work history are related to the level of knowledge and attitude. In this way, it seems necessary to carry out educational interventions in order to increase the knowledge and improve the attitude of students toward pain management.
Implementation and evaluation of the impact of virtual workshops of voluntary educational assistance among occupational health and safety students: Case study, Ardabil, Iran
Authors: Fathi Negin , Afshar Mozhdeh Taheri , Khajehnasiri Farahnaz , Askari Ali , Hosseinpour Robab , Sepehr Parvin , Sahlabadi Ali Salehi , Eshaghzadeh Maliheh , Arbabi Yosef Hamidzadeh , Poursadeghiyan Mohsen
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

The advancements and growth in information and communication technology have created new paths in the process of teaching and learning, leading to a shift in focus towards the use of electronic resources and digital teaching platforms. This study aimed to examine the impact of virtual workshops as a tool for improving learning among industrial health and safety students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was a descriptive-analytical study and was conducted on 104 students of occupational health and safety at the University of Medical Sciences in Ardebil during the course of a year. In this study, five specialized courses were chosen, including the following: “OSCO”, “ESCC”, and “Erg”. “SSM” and “EMS”. In this study, the participants were divided into two groups: participating and non-participating students. The results of their grades in the workshop were compared. The study consisted of two parts, the preparation stage and the evaluation stage, which included the preparation of the workshop, data collection and analysis, and the final stage of evaluation. Then, a list of workshops related to the courses was prepared, and the obtained results were analyzed by SPSS software (Ver. 22).

RESULTS:

The results showed that the correlation between the student’s scores in the cognitive, emotional and psychomotor areas before and after attending the virtual workshops was significant. Variance analysis test showed a significant difference between the scores of the cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor areas, both before and after (P > 0.001) participation in workshops.

CONCLUSION:

This study suggests that additional workshops, in parallel with classroom training, are an effective tool in raising student academic performance, as the students who participated gained better grades than those who did not participate in the courses. Therefore, it is possible to enhance student academic levels by increasing the number of workshops in addition to course unit.
Factors affecting clinical experience of nursing students in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Baba Nurul N. H. , Govindan Subhashini N. , Ghani Basirah A. , Shet Duangta , Pek Y.S
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Nursing education covers pathophysiology, nursing procedures, and compassionate care. Nursing students can apply theory and develop skills in the real world by participating in a supportive learning environment. For nursing students to effectively apply what they have learned in the classroom, they need a supportive clinical learning environment. However, some difficulties and impediments may prevent them from learning and having excellent clinical placement experiences. This study aims to identify factors affecting nursing students’ clinical experience during clinical placement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The respondents in this descriptive cross-sectional study were at Universiti Kuala Lumpur (RCMP) Diploma in Nursing students in Ipoh, Perak, who had more than two clinical placements at a public hospital. The time frame of the study was 6 months. Sociodemographic information and elements affecting clinical practice, such as perceptions of clinical experience, hospital settings, and clinical instructor aspects, were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. A descriptive analysis and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used to obtain the study’s outcome.

RESULTS:

Although the clinical placement demonstrated possibilities for learning, research has shown that the absence of instructors, equipment, and nursing staff has a negative impact on students’ experiences. The study also discovered a substantial correlation between a student’s semester and their clinical experience and between the clinical environment and the contributions of clinical instructors with P < 0.05.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, the study semester, clinical experience, clinical ambient characteristics, and instructors’ contributions are strongly correlated. It suggests boosting academic-clinical collaboration, interprofessional collaboration, and student clinical experiences.
A survey of detection of Parkinson’s disease using artificial intelligence models with multiple modalities and various data preprocessing techniques
Authors: Desai Shivani , Mehta Kevil , Chhikaniwala Hitesh
Published: November 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that causes symptoms such as tremors, sleeplessness, behavioral problems, sensory abnormalities, and impaired mobility, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) have been used in recent studies (2015–2023) to improve PD diagnosis by categorizing patients and healthy controls based on similar clinical presentations. This study investigates several datasets, modalities, and data preprocessing techniques from the collected data. Issues are also addressed, with suggestions for future PD research involving subgrouping and connection analysis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dopamine transporter scan (DaTscan), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data. We have used different models like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) for detecting PD at an early stage. We have used the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset 3D brain images and archived the 86.67%, 94.02%, accuracy of models, respectively.
The role of combined problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) teaching methodologies in dental education
Authors: Manas Abhigyan , Ismail Prabu Mahin Syed , Mohan Rohini , Madiraju Guna Shekhar , Mulla Mushir , Mulla Munaz , Babaji Prashant
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Innovative methods of teaching such as problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) have shown promising results in academic understanding and application and enable one to manage their patients in a better manner. The study aimed to analyze the role of a combination of PBL and CBL teaching methodologies in a dental teaching institute in India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This prospective, cross-sectional randomized study comprised 500 students divided into two study groups, each consisting of 250 participants. Students in group A were provided PBL, whereas students in group B were exposed to CBL, followed by which questionnaire was distributed. Responses received were analyzed statistically for significance set at below 0.05.

RESULTS:

In this study, statistical difference in learning methods was observed with organizational capacities, self-process of learning, finding solutions for clinical diagnosis, encouraging self-learning, and developing skills for critical thinking process while comparing the PBL or CBL methodologies.

CONCLUSION:

According to this study’s findings, improvement in one’s knowledge and clinical skills by a subject is much better when both of these techniques are combined.
Comparing skills-based and lecture-based education on female adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding menstrual health in puberty: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Yogesh M , Trivedi Nidhi , Shah Viral , Lakhtaria Matika , Ladani Hemangi , Trivedi Dhruvi
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Improving the health knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of female adolescents during puberty is essential for their well-being, empowerment, and prospects. To compare the effects of skills-based versus lecture-based education on KAP regarding menstrual health among adolescent girls in Gujarat, India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A quasi-experimental study with 100 girls aged 12–16 years assigned to skills-based (n = 50) or lecture-based (n = 50) 8-week puberty education programs. KAP was assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 2-month follow-up using validated questionnaires.

RESULTS:

The skills-based group showed significantly greater improvements in knowledge (P < 0.001), attitudes (P < 0.001), and practices (P = 0.006) from baseline to post-intervention compared to the lecture group. These improvements were sustained at 2-month follow-up (knowledge (P < 0.001), attitudes (P < 0.001), and practices (P = 0.04)). Qualitative feedback highlighted increased enjoyment, engagement, and confidence in applying skills in the skills-based group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Skills-based menstrual health education was more effective than traditional lecturing for improving KAP among adolescent girls. Interactive learning equips girls with transferable skills for managing menstruation safely and with dignity. Schools should implement skills-focused curricula during puberty.
Knowledge, practices, and perceived barriers on breast self-examination of female college students: Experience from a local higher education institution
Authors: Tiongco Raphael Enrique , Castro Eliezer John , Baco Alyssa Denisse , Casiguran Sarah , De Jesus Ma. Allona , Dimatulac Evangel , Ferreras John Dominic , Gilbuena Chloe , Sunglao Angelie Rose , Santillan Jennifer , Navarro Annalyn
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Breast self-examination (BSE) is an inexpensive, harmless screening tool for finding breast cancer. This study examines the knowledge, practices, and perceived barriers of female college students from a local higher education institution (HEI) regarding BSE, focusing on those in the reproductive age group.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Three hundred sixty (360) female college students, including 226 health sciences majors and 134 non-health sciences majors, were selected through criteria sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire to assess knowledge, practices, and perceived barriers.

RESULTS:

Key findings reveal that despite excellent BSE practices (52.5%), a significant proportion of respondents (51.7%) demonstrated insufficient knowledge about BSE. The main barriers to BSE execution were fear of discovering concerning findings and fear of being diagnosed with breast cancer. Health science majors exhibited significantly higher knowledge and practices than non-health science students, perceiving lower barriers. Age was found to have no significant impact on the variables examined. Majors and perceived barriers were not associated with BSE, but knowledge showed a significant association. Despite their excellent practices, participants’ unsatisfactory knowledge regarding BSE suggests the need for effective interventions. Barriers primarily stemmed from fear, including the fear of a breast cancer diagnosis and the fear of learning about potential issues.

CONCLUSION:

The study highlights the association between knowledge and BSE practices, emphasizing the importance of knowledge development and overcoming perceived barriers to improve BSE practices and encourage greater engagement.