bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel optical properties and induced magnetic moments in Ru-doped hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca3Ti2O7
Authors: Wu Xingxing , Wang Shouyu , Wong-Ng Winnie , Gu Qiang , Jiang Yao , Wang Chao , Ma Shuang , Liu Weifang
Published: November 2020

Hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca3Ti2O7and Ca3Ti19Ru0.1O7ceramics were successfully synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method. Two strongest diffraction peaks located around 2θ= 33° shifted towards the lower angle region with Ru substitution, reflecting structure variation. Grain growth and higher oxygen vacancy concentration after doping resulted in a reduction in the coercive field about 20 kV/cm. Optical bandgap estimated by UV-vis diffuse reflectance (DR) spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) valence band spectra showed a decreasing trend due to the existence of impurity energy level upon Ru doping, which was consistent with the results of first-principles calculations. The origin of the unexpected induced magnetic moments in Ru-dope Ca3Ti2O7is also discussed.
Structure and tribocorrosion behavior of CrMoSiCN nanocomposite coating with low C content in artificial seawater
Authors: Fu Yongqiang , Zhou Fei , Zhang Maoda , Wang Qianzhi , Zhou Zhifeng
Published: November 2020

CrMoSiCN nanocomposite coatings with a low C content were prepared on Ti-6Al-4V using an unbalanced magnetron sputtering system, and their corresponding microstructures, mechanical properties, and tribocorrosion performance were evaluated in detail. The results revealed that the CrMoSiCN coating had a compact nanocomposite microstructure consisting of CrN and Mo2N nanocrystallites, (Cr, Mo)N solid solution, and Si-C-N amorphous phases. Moreover, the coating exhibited superior mechanical properties with a hardness of 28.6 GPa and an elastic modulus of 273 GPa, owing to the solid solution strengthening effect. The tribocorrosion test results showed that the dominant failure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was caused by the corrosion contribution to wear behaviors (synergistic effect). The CrMoSiCN nanocomposite coating could effectively alleviate the material loss caused by the synergistic effect of corrosion and wear behaviors, leading to pure wear behaviors during the entire tribocorrosion process. The corresponding tribocorrosion mechanisms under the open circuit potential and dynamic polarization conditions were discussed in terms of their tribocorrosion behaviors.
A review on tribology of polymer composite coatings
Authors: Ren Yilong , Zhang Lin , Xie Guoxin , Li Zhanbo , Chen Hao , Gong Hanjun , Xu Wenhu , Guo Dan , Luo Jianbin
Published: November 2020

Self-lubricating polymer composite coatings, with tailorable tribological and mechanical properties, have been widely employed on mechanical parts to reduce friction and wear, which saves energy and improves the overall performance for applications such as aerospace satellite parts, shafts, gears, and bushings. The addition of functional fillers can overcome the limitations of single-polymer coatings and extend the service life of the coatings by providing a combination of low friction, high wear resistance, high load bearing, high temperature resistance, and high adhesion. This paper compares the heat resistance, and the tribological and mechanical properties of common polymer matrices, as well as the categories of functional fillers that improve the coating performance. Applicable scopes, process parameters, advantages, and limitations of the preparation methods of polymer coatings are discussed in detail. The tribological properties of the composite coatings with different matrices and fillers are compared, and the lubrication mechanisms are analyzed. Fillers reduce friction by promoting the formation of transfer films or liquid shear films. Improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite coatings with fillers of different morphologies is described in terms of strengthening and toughening mechanisms, including a stress transfer mechanism, shear yielding, crack bridging, and interfacial debonding. The test and enhancement methods for the adhesion properties between the coating and substrate are discussed. The coating adhesion can be enhanced through mechanical treatment, chemical treatment, and energy treatment of the substrate. Finally, we propose the design strategies for high-performance polymer composite coating systems adapted to specific operating conditions, and the limitations of current polymer composite coating research are identified.
A stochastic design optimization methodology to reduce emission spread in combustion engines
Authors: Mourat Kadir , Eckstein Carola , Koch Thomas
Published: November 2020

This paper introduces a method for efficiently solving stochastic optimization problems in the field of engine calibration. The main objective is to make more conscious decisions during the base engine calibration process by considering the system uncertainty due to component tolerances and thus enabling more robust design, low emissions, and avoiding expensive recalibration steps that generate costs and possibly postpone the start of production. The main idea behind the approach is to optimize the design parameters of the engine control unit (ECU) that are subject to uncertainty by considering the resulting output uncertainty. The premise is that a model of the system under study exists, which can be evaluated cheaply, and the system tolerance is known. Furthermore, it is essential that the stochastic optimization problem can be formulated such that the objective function and the constraint functions can be expressed using proper metrics such as the value at risk (VaR). The main idea is to derive analytically closed formulations for the VaR, which are cheap to evaluate and thus reduce the computational effort of evaluating the objective and constraints. The VaR is therefore learned as a function of the input parameters of the initial model using a supervised learning algorithm. For this work, we employ Gaussian process regression models. To illustrate the benefits of the approach, it is applied to a representative engine calibration problem. The results show a significant improvement in emissions compared to the deterministic setting, where the optimization problem is constructed using safety coefficients. We also show that the computation time is comparable to the deterministic setting and is orders of magnitude less than solving the problem using the Monte-Carlo or quasi-Monte-Carlo method.
Enabling Violations: Social Class and Sexual Identity in Didier Eribon’s “Returning to Reims”
Authors: Rieger-Ladich Markus , Wortmann Kai
Published: November 2020

In this paper we explore what we can learn from Didier Eribon’s “Returning to Reims” regarding childhood vulnerability. We argue that the book offers a stimulating perspective on discrimination, humiliation, and injury. Although Eribon is twofold vulnerable due to his class and his sexual identity, his pain and shame does not make him defenceless. It makes him the subject he is: the wound caused by a violent heteronormative order. Therefore, becoming object of violations should not necessarily be conceptualised as the opposite to gaining agency but under certain circumstances can provoke resistance and rebellion. These interpretations are framed by theories of vulnerability mainly drawing on Judith Butler and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak as well as some thoughts about the new genre of “autosociobiographies” to which “Returning to Reims” belongs.
An Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology
Authors: Yardley Bruce , Warren Clare
Published: November 2020

This second edition is fully updated to include new developments in the study of metamorphism as well as enhanced features to facilitate course teaching. It integrates a systematic account of the mineralogical changes accompanying metamorphism of the major rock types with discussion of the conditions and settings in which they formed. The use of textures to understand metamorphic history and links to rock deformation are also explored. Specific chapters are devoted to rates and timescales of metamorphism and to the tectonic settings in which metamorphic belts develop. These provide a strong connection to other parts of the geology curriculum. Key thermodynamic and chemical concepts are introduced through examples which demonstrate their application and relevance. Richly illustrated in colour and featuring end-of-chapter and online exercises, this textbook is a comprehensive introduction to metamorphic rocks and processes for undergraduate students of petrology, and provides a solid basis for advanced study and research.
The Pyrite Trace Element Paleo-Ocean Chemistry Proxy
Authors: Gregory Daniel D.
Published: November 2020

The use of the trace element content of sedimentary pyrite as a proxy for the trace element composition of past oceans has recently emerged. The pyrite proxy has several potential advantages over bulk sample analysis: preservation through metamorphism; little dilution during analysis (samples are ablated not dissolved, allowing for the less abundant elements commonly held in the sulfide fraction to be investigated as proxies); accurate measurement of several elements simultaneously; the ability to screen sediments for hydrothermal overprint; and the technique can give information regarding trace element availably at multiple stages of diagenesis. Because of these multiple strengths, the pyrite trace element proxy is a valuable potential addition to the paleo-ocean chemistry tool kit.
Mangroves as a Source of Greenhouse Gases to the Atmosphere and Alkalinity and Dissolved Carbon to the Coastal Ocean: A Case Study From the Everglades National Park, Florida
Authors: Reithmaier Gloria M. S. , Ho David T. , Johnston Scott G. , Maher Damien T.
Published: November 2020

Most research evaluating the potential of mangroves as a sink for atmospheric carbon has focused on carbon burial in sediments. However, the few studies that have quantified lateral exchange of carbon and alkalinity indicate that the dissolved carbon and alkalinity export may be several‐fold more important than burial. This study aims to investigate rates and drivers of alkalinity, dissolved carbon, and greenhouse gas fluxes of the mangrove‐dominated Shark River estuary located in the Everglades National Park in Florida, USA. Spatial surveys and 29‐hr time series were conducted to assess total alkalinity (TAlk), organic alkalinity (OAlk), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) dynamics. Dissolved carbon and greenhouse gas concentrations were coupled to porewater input, which was examined using radon‐222. Shark River was a source of CO2 (92 mmol/m2/day), CH4 (56 μmol/m2/day), and N2O (2 μmol/m2/day) to the atmosphere. Dissolved carbon export (DIC = 142 mmol/m2/day, DOC = 39 mmol/m2/day, normalized to mangrove area) was several‐fold higher than previously reported carbon burial rates in the study area (~28 mmol/m2/day). The majority of the DIC was exported as TAlk (97 mmol/m2/day), which remains dissolved in the ocean for millennia and, therefore, represents a long‐term sink for atmospheric carbon. By integrating our results with previous studies, we argue that alkalinity, dissolved carbon, and greenhouse gas fluxes should be considered in future blue carbon budgets.
Profiles of registrant dentists and policy directions from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Davda Latha S. , Radford David R. , Scambler Sasha , Gallagher Jennifer E.
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The National Health Service’s reliance on overseas doctors and nurses, unlike dentists, has been widely reported. As the United Kingdom (UK) leaves the European Union, an understanding of the migration trends and possible influences are important to inform future planning.

Aim

To examine trends in the profile of UK registered dentists in the context of key events and policy changes from 2000 to 2020.

Method

Data were obtained from the General Dental Council via annual reports, and under ‘freedom of information’ communications; details of policy initiatives were obtained from the government and professional websites.

Results

Over a 20-year period (2000–2019), the number of registered dentists increased from 31,325 to 42,469, a net increase of 36% (11,144 dentists), the majority of whom were international graduates (58%; n = 6,416) such that by December 2019, 28% of all registered dentists had qualified outside of the UK. Similarly, regarding new registrants, there were increases of graduates from UK (18%), EEA countries (214%) and, via the Overseas Registration Examination route (621%); and a decrease from countries with bilateral agreements for recognition (43%), in line with changes in health and immigration policies.

Conclusions

International dental graduates increasingly contribute to the UK dental workforce and there is an urgent need for research into dentist migration and retention in the UK in support of patient access to dental care.

Impact

The United Kingdom (UK) dental workforce is increasingly reliant on international dental graduates representing 28% of current registrants compared with 18% in 2000.

Health policies and immigration policies were the main drivers that influenced dental workforce migration to the UK along with wider events, such as EU expansions, global recession and Brexit.

Pre-existing lack of research into dental workforce could add to the uncertainties of post COVID-19 oral health care access and delivery.
The protective effects of the Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide against acrylamide-induced inflammation and oxidative damage in rats
Authors: Jiang Guoyong , Lei Aitong , Chen Yi , Yu Qiang , Xie Jianhua , Yang Ying , Yuan Tongji , Su Dan
Published: November 2020

In this study, the protective effects of the Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) on selected tissue (liver, spleen, kidneys and intestine) toxicity induced by acrylamide (AA) in SD rats were investigated.
Hydrothermal syntheses, luminescent properties, and temperature sensing of monodisperse Tb-doped NaCeF4nanocrystals
Authors: Qin Haoran , Gong Xinghong , Luo Zundu , Huang Yidong
Published: November 2020

Monodisperse Tb-doped NaCeF4nanocrystals were synthesizedviaa hydrothermal method.
Bio-inspired smart electronic-skin based on inorganic perovskite nanoplates for application in photomemories and mechanoreceptors
Authors: Xu Zhongwei , Wu Chaoxing , Zhu Yangbin , Ju Songman , Ma Fumin , Guo Tailiang , Li Fushan , Kim Tae Whan
Published: November 2020

The development of artificial skin, such as electronic skin, is critical to emerging artificial intelligence systems.
Tri-insertion with dearomatization of terminal arylalkynes using a carborane based frustrated Lewis pair template
Authors: Zhang Jian , Xie Zuowei
Published: November 2020

A carborane based frustrated Lewis pair enables tri-insertion with dearomatization of arylalkynes, forming unprecedented products, borole tricycles, with the construction of four stereocenters including one quaternary carbon center in one process.
Biogeography based optimization strategy for UPQC PI tuning on full order adaptive observer based control
Authors: Alam Sayed Javed , Arya Sabha Raj , Jana Ranjan Kumar
Published: November 2020

Adaptive full order observer based control algorithm for unified power quality conditioner is presented. The full order adaptive observer based algorithm is capable of estimating fundamental positive sequence components parameters, including frequency, amplitude, and phase form power supply systems. Due to its adaptive response, monitoring accuracy, and faster detection of fundamental positive sequence components under all different loads and grid conditions, it is used for power quality improvement. In addition to full order adaptive observer based control algorithm, a biogeography‐based optimization method is employed here for tuning the Kp and Ki gains of a proportional integral controller on unified power quality conditioner system. The proposed method minimizes the dc‐link voltage oscillations and enhances its step response by optimally tuning the proportional integral controller. This is done by reducing the objective function of the integral time absolute error for different power quality perturbations. The numerical values obtained by biogeography based optimization are selected as proportional integral gains and it also improves the controller's performance. The full order adaptive observer control integrated with biogeography based optimization algorithm is tested interface with MATLAB/Simulink on developed unified power quality conditioner under different power quality problems at different intervals. The performance results demonstrate the quick convergence rate with effective performance.
Modelling and evaluation of the Baseline Energy Consumption and the Key Performance Indicators in Technical University of Cluj‐Napoca buildings within a Demand Response programme: a case study
Authors: Crețu Mihaela , Czumbil Levente , Bârgăuan Bogdan , Ceclan Andrei , Berciu Alexandru , Polycarpou Alexis , Rizzo Renato , Micu Dan D.
Published: November 2020

Demand response (DR) programmes offer to customers the opportunity to reduce the power peak and the energy consumption in response to a price signal or financial incentive. Typically, the request to reduce peak demands is made for a specific time period on a specific day, which is referred to as a DR event. To predict a reference energy consumption level in case of different buildings or blocks of buildings within the Technical University of Cluj‐Napoca, this study proposes an artificial intelligence enhanced energy profiling method and a more intuitive yet simple method for baseline determination, easy to understand, which allows all the interested parties to estimate the energy and economy savings after a DR event. Once the baseline electric load profile is established, the aim of this study is to calculate some predefined key performance indicators. The two baseline detection methods are compared with each other as a measure of DR event effectiveness. The study has been conducted to clearly demonstrate the economic and environmental benefits of controlling the aggregated load curve in blocks of buildings within several effectively applied DR programmes.
Design of double‐layer SiNx:H film and its application in c‐Si PERC solar cells
Authors: Jinxing Fan , Yin Wang , Hongping Zhou , Linyun Xu , Yanhua Yang
Published: November 2020

The existing solar cell anti‐reflection film technology still cannot adequately meet the light trapping needs of solar cells. In this Letter, double‐layered SiNx:H films were prepared for c‐Si solar cells by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Herein, the authors introduce a simple, convenient method to lower the reflectance in silicon solar cells by applying double‐layered SiNx:H film to increase the refractive index of such film. Compared to the single layer film devices, the reflectance of the double‐layered SiNx:H film can be significantly reduced by >30% through enhanced absorption of light in solar cells. This method has achieved an average of 0.08% conversion efficiency, with the highest being 0.18%. In addition, the double‐layer film solar cells also showed a better passivation performance than that of the single‐layer film, so that the minority carrier lifetime was up to 137 µs. Therefore, the improvement of solar cell efficiency mainly come from the decrease of reflectivity and the improvement in film passivation performance. The work of this Letter demonstrated the light trapping advantages and passivation enhancement performance of double‐layer films applied to single crystal silicon solar cells.
Understanding the impact of space charge variations with UV‐ and water‐aged epoxy alumina nanocomposites adopting pulsed electroacoustic techniques
Authors: Neelmani  , Sarathi Ramanujam , Suematsu Hisayuki
Published: November 2020

Epoxy alumina nanocomposites were prepared to understand the space charge variations with ultra violet (UV)‐ and water‐aged specimens. Addition of alumina nanofiller to epoxy resin had suppressed the space charge formation. A pulsed electroacoustic technique was employed to measure the space charge accumulation in epoxy–alumina nanocomposites. A marginal increase in space charge with enhanced electric field in the bulk volume of insulation was observed with UV‐ and water‐aged nanocomposites. It was observed that 3 wt% sample showed better performance in all ageing conditions, which was confirmed through space charge studies and by the measurement of the dielectric parameters especially dielectric constant and tan(δ).
A population of hypercompact H II regions identified from young H II regions
Authors: Yang A. Y. , Urquhart J. S. , Thompson M. A. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , Brunthaler A. , Tian W. W. , Rugel M. , Yang X. L. , Yao S. , Mutale M.
Published: November 2020

Context. The derived physical parameters for young H II regions are normally determined assuming the emission region to be optically thin. However, this assumption is unlikely to hold for young H II regions such as hyper-compact H II (HC H II) and ultra-compact H II (UC H II) regions and leads to underestimation of their properties. This can be overcome by fitting the SEDs over a wide range of radio frequencies.

Aims. The two primary goals of this study are (1) to determine the physical properties of young H II regions from radio SEDs in the search for potential HC H II regions, and (2) to use these physical properties to investigate their evolution.

Methods. We used the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to observe the X-band and K-band with angular resolutions of ~1.7′′ and ~0.7′′, respectively, toward 114 H II regions with rising-spectra (α1.4 GHz5 GHz>0). We complement our observations with VLA archival data and construct SEDs in the range of 1−26 GHz and model them assuming an ionization-bounded H II region with uniform density.

Results. Our sample has a mean electron density of ne = 1.6 × 104 cm−3, diameter diam = 0.14 pc, and emission measure EM = 1.9 × 107 pc cm−6. We identify 16 HC H II region candidates and 8 intermediate objects between the classes of HC H II and UC H II regions. The ne, diam, and EM change, as expected, but the Lyman continuum flux is relatively constant over time. We find that about 67% of Lyman-continuum photons are absorbed by dust within these H II regions and the dust absorption fraction tends to be more significant for more compact and younger H II regions.

Conclusions. Young H II regions are commonly located in dusty clumps; HC H II regions and intermediate objects are often associated with various masers, outflows, broad radio recombination lines, and extended green objects, and the accretion at the two stages tends to be quickly reduced or halted.
Utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Oppong Kofi W. , Maheshwari Pardeep , Nayar Manu K. , Darne Antony , Parkinson Daniel , Leeds John S. , Haugk Beate
Published: November 2020

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) performs poorly in the histological diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). The aim of this study was to assess the performance of fine-needle biopsy (FNB) comparing reverse bevel (RB) and fork-tip (FT) needles.

Patients and methods A retrospective study of prospectively maintained databases was performed. Patients with a final diagnosis of type 1 AIP who underwent EUS-FNB during diagnostic workup were included. Pathology reports were reviewed and classified as per international consensus diagnostic criteria (ICDC). The Primary outcome was EUS-FNB sensitivity in diagnosing type 1 AIP.

Results Between March 2011 and December 2018, 24 patients with a final diagnosis of type 1 AIP underwent FNB. Six patients underwent biopsy with the RB needle and 18 with the FT needle. Mean age (± SD) 62.2 (± 11.4), 17 (70.8 %) male. No RB samples were diagnostic compared to 14 (78 %) FT; P = 0.001; of which 13 (72 %) were level 1. In eight (44 %) of FT cases a diagnosis was not possible without histology. Initial biopsy was diagnostic in five (62.5 %) of these cases. Including repeat biopsy, seven (87 %) had a diagnosis made by FT needle. Obliterative phlebitis (44 %) was the least frequently identified pathological feature and immunoglobulin (IgG)4 + plasma cells > 10 per high power field (78 %) the most common.

Conclusion The FT needle demonstrated good performance for diagnosing type 1 AIP. The results support the preferential use of this core biopsy needle for EUS pancreatic tissue sampling.
Kurzfragebogen zur Sozialen Unterstützung bei chronischen Erkrankungen (SUCE-4)
Authors: Bäcker Anna , Schneider Nico , Strauß Bernhard , Altmann Uwe
Published: November 2020

Ziel der Studie Soziale Unterstützung ist bei schweren chronischen Erkrankungen wie z. B. Krebs eine wichtige Ressource zur Krankheitsbewältigung. Die verfügbaren Fragebögen zur Erfassung der sozialen Unterstützung sind meist recht umfangreich. Bisher vorliegende Kurzformen zielen inhaltlich nicht vollständig auf die situationsspezifischen Anforderungen an das soziale Umfeld ab. Deshalb wurde eine Kurzform zur Messung der wahrgenommenen sozialen Unterstützung bestehend aus 4 Items entwickelt: der SUCE-4.

Methoden Es wurde eine Stichprobe von Krebspatienten (N=424) zu 2 Messzeitpunkten betrachtet. Die Faktorenstruktur wurde mit einer explorativen und einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse (CFA) evaluiert und Reliabilität und Validität wurden geprüft.

Ergebnisse Die angenommene Faktorenstruktur wurde bestätigt (bei der CFA: RMSEA=0,028). Die Kurzform hatte eine gute interne Konsistenz (Cronbachs α>0,86). Im Sinne erster Hinweise auf Validität fanden sich zu beiden Zeitpunkten signifikante erwartungskonforme Zusammenhänge mit psychischer Lebensqualität, Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, Depressivität und Ängsten.

Schlussfolgerung Der SUCE-4 ist ein ökonomisches, reliables und valides Instrument zur Erfassung wahrgenommener sozialer Unterstützung im Kontext schwerer chronischer Erkrankungen wie z. B. Krebs.
Therapie der Hypophosphatasie
Authors: Seefried Lothar , Genest Franca , Kornak Uwe , Semler Oliver , Barvencik Florian , Hofmann Christine
Published: November 2020

Die Hypophosphatasie (HPP) als Folge einer genetisch bedingt defizienten Aktivität der gewebeunspezifischen alkalischen Phosphatase (TNAP) ist geprägt durch ein ausgesprochen weites Spektrum möglicher Manifestationen, sowohl hinsichtlich der Art der Symptomatik als auch bzgl. des Schweregrades der assoziierten Einschränkungen. Eine adäquate Behandlung erfordert insofern immer auch eine multimodale Herangehensweise unter spezieller Berücksichtigung der individuellen Ausprägung der Erkrankung.

Für Patienten, bei denen die Erkrankung im Kindesalter aufgetreten ist, steht in Europa zur Behandlung der Knochenmanifestation mit Asfotase alfa (Strensiq) eine Enzymersatztherapie zur Verfügung. Sowohl in den Zulassungsstudien als auch in der klinischen Anwendung zeigen sich bei schwer betroffenen Kindern prinzipiell sehr erfreuliche radiologische und funktionelle Verbesserungen und ein verbessertes Gesamtüberleben. Auch bei Erwachsenen mit zulassungsentsprechender Krankheitsausprägung zeigen erste Ergebnisse eine deutliche Verbesserung der krankheitsassoziierten Einschränkungen und funktionelle Verbesserungen. Inzwischen gibt es auch ermutigende Daten zur Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit von Asfotase alfa über mehrere Behandlungsjahre.

Während die oftmals als stark belastend empfundenen entzündlichen Schmerzen häufig gut auf eine intermittierende, bedarfsangepasste Behandlung mit NSAR ansprechen, sind im Hinblick auf die muskuloskelettale Gesamtgesundheit nachhaltige, langfristig ausgerichtete supportive Maßnahmen mit spezifischen Trainingskonzepten und einer alters- und bedarfsgerechten orthopädietechnischen Versorgung zu empfehlen. Das Potenzial diätetischer Maßnahmen zur Beeinflussung des Phosphat- und Vitamin-B6-Stoffwechsels bedarf sicher noch weiterer Untersuchungen. Bezüglich spezifisch knochenwirksamer Strategien sind primär antiresorptive Substanzen nach aktueller Datenlage kritisch zu betrachten, wohingegen osteoanabole Konzepte grundsätzlich möglich erscheinen.

Sinnvollerweise sollte die Gesamtheit aller therapeutischen Maßnahmen an einem Zentrum mit entsprechender Erfahrung koordiniert und überblickt werden, wobei ein Großteil der konkreten Maßnahmen im aktiven Austausch auch heimatnah umgesetzt werden kann.
Störungsübergreifende Fragebogendiagnostik in der Psychotherapie: Ein Vergleich des Brief Symptom Inventorys und des ICD-10 Symptom Rating
Authors: Bolbeth Annika , Ziegler Matthias , Fehm Lydia
Published: November 2020

Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht in einer naturalistischen Stichprobe aus 507 ambulanten Psychotherapiepatienten ausgewählte psychometrische Eigenschaften zweier störungsübergreifender Fragebögen: des Brief Symptom Inventory 7 und des ICD-10 Symptom Rating 8. Die Reliabilität von Gesamt- und Subskalenmittelwerten wurde anhand der internen Konsistenzkoeffizienten Cronbachs α und McDonalds ω geschätzt. Messpräzision wurde mittels des Unsicherheitsbereichs operationalisiert. Zur Unterstützung der Validität der Interpretation der Gesamtmittelwerte als Maß für psychische Belastung wurden die Korrelationen mit inhaltsnahen und inhaltsfernen Maßen bestimmt. Die Validität der Skalenstruktur wurde über konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen geprüft. Bezüglich der Reliabilitätsschätzungen weist der ISR eine zum BSI vergleichbare interne Konsistenz und Messpräzision auf. Konvergente und diskriminante Validität sind ähnlich gut. Das ISR zeigt eine sehr gute faktorielle Validität, während die des BSI als ungenügend beurteilt wird. Von der störungsspezifischen Interpretation der Subskalen des Brief Symptom Inventory muss aufgrund der unklaren Faktorstruktur abgeraten werden. Insgesamt scheint das ISR als Maß für die generelle Symptombelastung eine gute Alternative zum BSI zu sein, da es ähnlich reliabel und messpräzise ist, aber hinsichtlich der Validität bessere Kennwerte aufweist und zeiteffizienter ist.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy during the coronavirus pandemic in the New York area: results from a multi-institutional survey
Authors: Mahadev Srihari , Aroniadis Olga C. , Barraza Luis H. , Agarunov Emil , Smith Michael S. , Goodman Adam J. , Benias Petros C. , Buscaglia Jonathan M. , Gross Seth A. , Kasmin Franklin , Cohen Jonathan , Carr-Locke David L. , Greenwald David , Mendelsohn Robin , Sethi Amrita , Gonda Tamas A. ,   (on behalf of NYSGE research committee)
Published: November 2020

Background and study aims The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and measures taken to mitigate its impact, have profoundly affected the clinical care of gastroenterology patients and the work of endoscopy units. We aimed to describe the clinical care delivered by gastroenterologists and the type of procedures performed during the early to peak period of the pandemic.

Methods Endoscopy leaders in the New York region were invited to participate in an electronic survey describing operations and clinical service. Surveys were distributed on April 7, 2020 and responses were collected over the following week. A follow-up survey was distributed on April 20, 2020. Participants were asked to report procedure volumes and patient characteristics, as well protocols for staffing and testing for COVID-19.

Results Eleven large academic endoscopy units in the New York City region responded to the survey, representing every major hospital system. COVID patients occupied an average of 54.5 % (18 – 84 %) of hospital beds at the time of survey completion, with 14.5 % (2 %-23 %) of COVID patients requiring intensive care. Endoscopy procedure volume and the number of physicians performing procedures declined by 90 % (66 %-98 %) and 84.5 % (50 %-97 %) respectively following introduction of restricted practice. During this period the most common procedures were EGDs (7.9/unit/week; 88 % for bleeding; the remainder for foreign body and feeding tube placement); ERCPs (5/unit/week; for cholangitis in 67 % and obstructive jaundice in 20 %); Colonoscopies (4/unit/week for bleeding in 77 % or colitis in 23 %) and least common were EUS (3/unit/week for tumor biopsies). Of the sites, 44 % performed pre-procedure COVID testing and the proportion of COVID-positive patients undergoing procedures was 4.6 % in the first 2 weeks and up to 19.6 % in the subsequent 2 weeks. The majority of COVID-positive patients undergoing procedures underwent EGD (30.6 % COVID +) and ERCP (10.2 % COVID +).

Conclusions COVID-19 has profoundly impacted the operation of endoscopy units in the New York region. Our data show the impact of a restricted emergency practice on endoscopy volumes and the proportion of expected COVID positive cases during the peak time of the pandemic.
Wie erlebten Ausbildungskandidaten das allianzfokussierte Training im Rahmen der Psychotherapieausbildung? – Eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Reuter Laurence , Walther Lena , Gumz Antje
Published: November 2020

Ein kompetenter therapeutischer Umgang mit Spannungen und Krisen in der Therapiebeziehung ist mit dem Therapieerfolg assoziiert. Diesen Umgang zu erlernen und zu trainieren ist daher ein wesentliches Ziel der Therapieausbildung. Eine Methode, die speziell hierfür entwickelt wurde, ist das allianzfokussierte Training (AFT). Sieben Psychotherapeuten in Ausbildung wurden in halbstrukturierten Interviews vor und nach ihrer Teilnahme zu ihren Erwartungen an das AFT und ihren Erfahrungen mit dem AFT befragt. Die transkribierten Interviews wurden mit der Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) – Methode ausgewertet. In der Prä-Erhebung zeigten sich ambivalente Haltungen v. a. im Hinblick auf die im AFT ausgeübte selbstoffenbarende Haltung. In der Post-Erhebung wurden v. a. persönliche Entwicklungen und Lernzuwachs bzgl. des Umgangs mit Spannungen und Krisen beschrieben. Videoaufnahmen der Therapiesitzungen, Rollenspiele und Übungen zum Kommunizieren auf der Meta-Ebene wurden als sehr praxisrelevant und hilfreich erlebt. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass das AFT großes Potenzial zur Verbesserung der Psychotherapieausbildung hat.
Die frühe Phase der COVID-19-Pandemie in Bayern
Authors: Wjst Matthias
Published: November 2020

Hintergrund Der Effekt von NPIs („nicht pharmakologische Interventionen“) beim Ausbruch von Epidemien ist unbestritten, sowohl bei historischen Ausbrüchen wie auch bei der aktuellen COVID-19-Pandemie. NPIs umfassen Maßnahmen wie Kontaktbeschränkungen oder Hygienevorschriften, die in abgestuften Schritten der aktuellen Lage angepasst werden. Die Auswirkung von NPIs wurde allerdings bisher kaum quantitativ untersucht.

Methoden Aus den offiziellen Fallzahlen des Robert-Koch-Instituts in Berlin sowie Presse- und Twitter-Nachrichten wird eine Rekonstruktion der Frühphase der COVID-19-Pandemie 2020 in Bayern versucht.

Ergebnisse Die ersten COVID-19-Fälle in Deutschland traten bereits Ende Januar in München auf. Während die Primärfälle erfolgreich durch Isolierung und Quarantäne eingegrenzt werden konnten, stellte sich die eigentliche Frühphase der COVID-19-Pandemie ab Ende Februar in 3 Phasen dar, bestehend aus den Winter-/Faschingsferien, den Starkbierfesten in der Folgewoche sowie den Wahlen am 15.03.2020. Der Notstand ab 16.03.2020 markiert das Ende der frühen Ausbreitung. Aus der Analyse der Fallzahlen ergibt sich ein weitgehend zusammenhängendes Bild, auch wenn viele epidemiologische Parameter noch fehlen. Die Ausbreitung begann in den Ferien und ging danach in ein exponentielles Wachstum über. Signifikant mehr Fälle wurden sowohl durch die Starkbierfeste, aber auch durch die bayerische Kommunalwahl registriert, jeweils im Vergleich zu Landkreisen mit der gleichen Prävalenz ohne Exposition. Bayern erreichte damit einen Spitzenplatz der Bundesländer, der sich auch durch restriktive Containment-Maßnahmen in den folgenden Wochen nicht mehr rückgängig machen lässt.

Folgerung Um wirksam zu sein, müssen NPIs frühzeitig, möglichst vor Beginn der exponentiellen Ausbreitung, durchgeführt werden.
Underwater versus conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for colorectal lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Garg Rajat , Singh Amandeep , Mohan Babu P. , Mankaney Gautam , Regueiro Miguel , Chahal Prabhleen
Published: November 2020

Background and study aims Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) for colorectal polyps has been reported to have good outcomes in recent studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness and safety of UEMR to conventional EMR (CEMR).

Methods A comprehensive search of multiple databases (through May 2020) was performed to identify studies that reported outcome of UEMR and CEMR for colorectal lesions. Outcomes assessed included incomplete resection, rate of recurrence, en bloc resection, adverse events (AEs) for UEMR and CEMR.

Results A total of 1,651 patients with 1,704 polyps were included from nine studies. There was a significantly lower rate of incomplete resection (odds ratio [OR]: 0.19 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.05–0.78, P = 0.02) and polyp recurrence (OR: 0.41, 95 % CI, 0.24–0.72, P = 0.002) after UEMR. Compared to CEMR, rates overall complications (relative risk [RR]: 0.66 (95 % CI, 0.48–0.90) (P = 0.008), and intra-procedural bleeding (RR: 0.59, 95 % CI, 0.41–0.84, P = 0.004) were significantly lower with UEMR. The recurrence rate was also lower for large non-pedunculated polyps ≥ 10 mm (OR 0.24, 95 % CI, 0.10–0.57, P = 0.001) and ≥ 20 mm (OR 0.14, 95 % CI, 0.02–0.72, P = 0.01). The rates of en bloc resection, delayed bleeding, perforation and post-polypectomy syndrome were similar in both groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found that UEMR is more effective and safer than CEMR with lower rates of recurrence and AEs. UEMR use should be encouraged over CEMR.
Primary obesity surgery endoluminal (POSE-2) procedure for treatment of obesity in clinical practice
Authors: Lopez Nava Gontrand , Asokkumar Ravishankar , Laster Janese , Negi Anuradha , Normand Enrique , Fook-Chong Stephanie , Bautista-Castaño Inmaculada
Published: November 2020

Background The POSE-2 procedure shortens and narrows the stomach using multiple full-thickness plications in the gastric body. We studied the efficacy and safety of POSE-2 for obesity at 1 year in a real-world setting.

Methods We reviewed the records of 75 patients who underwent POSE-2 at our unit. The primary outcome was percentage total body weight loss (%TBWL) at 1 year. Secondary outcomes were safety and durability. We used linear mixed model analysis.

Results 46 patients completed 1 year. Mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 49.3 years (standard deviation [SD] 10.2) and 38.2 kg/m2 (SD 6.6), respectively. Technical success rate was 98.7 % (n = 74). Mean TBWL, %TBWL, and BMI decline at 1 year were 20 kg (SD 12.7), 17.8 % (SD 9.5), 7 kg/m2 (SD 4.3). Adverse events occurred in four patients. The median length of stay was 1 day. Endoscopy at 1 year in 15 patients showed intact sutures and a reduction in gastric length compared with baseline (26.9 cm [SD 5.3] vs. 35.7 cm [SD 3.5]; P < 0.001).

Conclusion POSE-2 induced significant weight loss at 1 year. It appears to be safe, durable, and required only a short hospital stay.
Decompression and Neurolysis of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve in the Surgical Treatment of Meralgia Paresthetica and the Results
Authors: Kıbıcı Kenan , Erok Berrin , Atca Ali Önder
Published: November 2020

Meralgia paresthetica (MP), also known as Bernhardt–Roth syndrome, is a peripheral neuropathy of the primary sensory lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). Its diagnosis is challenging, because it can mimic other clinical conditions particularly associated with upper lumbar spine or pelvis. Patients present with pain and paresthesia over the anterolateral thigh. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical examination and is supported by sensory nerve conduction (SNC) studies. The initial treatment is always conservative. In limited number of patients who are refractory to conservative managements, surgical treatment via decompression/neurolysis or neurectomy is concerned. There is still no consensus on which surgical technique is the best and the first choice. We retrospectively analyzed the surgical outcomes of 12 nonobese patients who underwent decompression/neurolysis between the years 2013 and 2018. Bilateral SNC studies were performed in all cases which supported the diagnosis. We applied conservative treatments for 3 months in addition to the treatments previously applied in other centers. Surgery was recommended for the patients who were refractory to these treatments. Preoperative and postoperative pain levels during follow-up visits were evaluated with visual analogue scale (VAS). A retrospective analysis was performed on preoperative and postoperative 6th month VAS scores. The mean preoperative VAS value was 8.75 ± 0.62 and the postoperative VAS value at the sixth month was 1.17 ± 0.72. A significant reduction in the pain was shown (p < 0.05). Our surgical results showed that decompression/neurolysis of the LFCN should be concerned as the primary surgical approach to avoid negative outcomes of resection surgeries.
The Spanish verb-particle construction [V para atrás]
Authors: Wiesinger Evelyn
Published: November 2020

Spanish verb-particle constructions such as llamar para atrás ‘call back’ or ir para atrás ‘go back’, which are found among bilingual speakers in the USA, have been attributed either to structural and/or semantic contact with English or to merely language-internal evolutions.

In the present contribution, I provide a qualitative corpus study on the role of [V para atrás] in European, Mexican, and US Spanish, combining a constructional framework with cognitive-semantic, variational and pragmatic-functional approaches.

The study reveals that [V para atrás] can be considered a constructional idiom situated in the middle range between lexicon and syntax in all three varieties under study. It also shows that [V para atrás] in US Spanish differs from European and Mexican Spanish with regard to its extended combinatorial properties and the degree of meaning extensions from the spatial into the aspectual domain. These findings allow a more nuanced view on the role of language contact and constructional change, since the properties of US Spanish [V para atrás] can be modelled via intra- and interlingual inheritance links in the cognitive network of bilingual speakers.
Non-Dravidian elements and (non)diasystematic change in Malayalam
Authors: Namboodiripad Savithry
Published: November 2020

This chapter applies a Diasystematic Construction Grammar (DCxG) approach to account for non-Dravidian vocabulary and phonology in Malayalam, a high-contact Dravidian language. The distinction made in DCxG between diaconstructions, which are language non-specific, and idioconstructions, which are language-specific, proves useful in accounting for semantic specialization and phonological heterogeneity due to language contact. Notably, increased contact with English has led in some cases to decreased phonological adaptation, as some constructions change from diaconstructions to idioconstructions: Non-diasystematic change. Taken together, this chapter argues that any analysis of Malayalam must account for non-Dravidian subpatterns, and including language labels as part of speakers’ linguistic knowledge enhances our understanding of the dynamics of language contact.
Something I was dealing with
Authors: Jach Daniel
Published: November 2020

This contribution adopts a usage-based construction grammar approach to describe the word order variation between fronting (e.g., something with which I was dealing) and stranding (e.g., something which I was dealing with) in English as a second language. Using regression analysis, preposition placement in relative clauses is correlated with multiple usage-based variables, including specific lexical items and strings (e.g., with which, deal with). The results suggest that learners acquire a network of form-meaning constructions which represent their language use at multiple levels of schematicity, ranging from lexically specific prototypes to cross-linguistically shared representations. Moreover, effects of proficiency and lexical strings indicate that constructions remain adaptable to usage throughout learners’ lifetime and involve predictive knowledge, suggesting a dynamic view of constructions.
The week after running a marathon: Effects of running vs elliptical training vs resting on neuromuscular performance and muscle damage recovery
Authors: Martínez‐Navarro I. , Montoya‐Vieco A. , Hernando C. , Hernando B. , Panizo N. , Collado E.
Published: November 2020

Our aim was to compare the effects of two exercise modalities vs resting on the time course of neuromuscular performance and muscle damage recovery during the week after running a marathon. Sixty‐four finishers from a road marathon completed the study (54 men and 10 women; 39 ± 4 years; 3 h 35 min ± 21 min). The day before the race, within 15 min after finishing the marathon and at 24, 48, 96, 144 and 192 h postrace, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase were analysed. Participants also performed a squat jump (SJ) test before and after the marathon and at 48, 96 and 144 h postrace. On their arrival to the finish line, participants were randomized into one of the three intervention groups: running (RUN), elliptical training (ELIP) and resting recovery (REST). RUN and ELIP groups exercised continuously for 40 min at a moderate intensity (95–105% of the HR corresponding to the first ventilatory threshold) at 48, 96 and 144 h after the marathon. Neither ‘Intervention’ factor nor ‘Intervention x Time’ interaction effects were revealed for muscle damage blood markers (p > 0.05). On the other hand, RUN group evidenced an enhancement in SJ performance 96 h post‐marathon as compared with REST group (108.29 ± 10.64 vs 100.58 ± 9.16%, p = 0.020, d = 0.80). Consequently, return to running at 48 h post‐marathon does not seem to have a negative impact on muscle damage recovery up to eight days post‐race and it could be recommended in order to speed up neuromuscular recovery.
On the occasion of the 80th birthday of L.P. Nesenyuk, a talented designer and developer of modern gyroscopic technology
Authors: Peshehonov V. G. , Stepanov O. A. , Yashnikova O. M. , Litvinenko Yu. A.
Published: November 2020

The article is in honor of the 80th birthday of Leonid P. Nesenyuk (1940–2009), Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, the Winner of the Russian Government Prize, Laureate of the N.N. Ostryakov Prize, the scientist who has made a significant contribution to the development of modern gyroscopy.
Distributed algorithms for tracking the trajectories of many objects by the set of mobile sensors
Authors: Ivanskiy Yury , Sergeenko Anna
Published: November 2020

We consider a dynamic network system of multiple heterogeneous sensors collaborating among themselves to estimate an unknown signal of interest. That communication capability is essential because individual senors cannot fulfill the task due to the lack of necessary information. This paper considers the distributed estimation or tracking problem and focuses on combining two algorithms: Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) and consensus Local Voting Protocol (LVP). The new distributed algorithm is proposed for network systems under wide range of uncertainties including unknown-but-bounded drift of parameters and noise in observations. The suggested approach is illustrated by an application of the proposed algorithm to the solving the multisensor-multitarget problem.
Methods of Federated Filtering in the Problems of Navigation Data Processing
Authors: Tupysev V.A. , Litvinenko Yu.A.
Published: November 2020

The paper gives an overview of federated filtering methods used in navigation data processing. The principles of designing federated filters are considered and their man properties are discussed.