bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russian word-formation in contrast with Czech and Norwegian
Authors: Janda Laura A
Published: September 2020

Although some scholarship on metonymy has mentioned examples of word-formation and some scholarship on word-formation has mentioned the presence of metonymy, to date there has been no attempt to examine the systematic role of metonymy in the domain of word-formation. This article presents an empirical study of the metonymies signalled by derivational suffixes in Russian, Czech and Norwegian. This approach facilitates cross-linguistic comparison that reveals significant differences among languages, and these differences appear relevant to cultural differences.
LangDoc: Bibliographic Infrastructure for Linguistic Typology
Authors: Hammarström Harald , Nordhoff Sebastian
Published: September 2020

The present paper describes the ongoing project (LangDoc) to make bibliography website for linguistic typology, with a near-complete database of references to documents that contain descriptive data on the languages of the world. This is intended to provide typologists with a more precise and comprehensive way to search for information on languages, and for the specific kind information that they are interested in. The annotation scheme devised is a trade-off between annotation effort and search desiderata. The end goal is a website with browse, search, update, new items subscription and download facilities, which can hopefully be enriched by spontaneous collaborative efforts.
Mot en ny fase for jernvinna i Møre og Romsdal? Nye perspektiver på organisering og teknologi
Authors: Dahle Kristoffer , Eidshaug Jo Sindre P.
Published: September 2020

Summary: This paper discusses the chronological and typological development of iron production technology in the Norwegian county of Møre and Romsdal based on data from excavations and surveys during the last decades. Very few sites have been excavated, and regional research on the topic is limited. Despite the sparse and fragmented material, the standard three-phase typology appears too limited for the diverse evidence in Møre and Romsdal. The divergences from the typology are most evident in the persistent use of shaft furnaces with slag pits during the same period as charcoal produced in separate kilns emerges as fuel. The technological change also appears to coincide with changes in site localization and organization of the production. In order to account for the regional developmental trajectory, the authors propose to introduce a regional Late Iron Age (AD 500 – 1030) transitional Phase Ib
"Krigare" i graven? Praktik, ideal och iscensättning under skandinavisk vikingatid
Authors: Odebäck Kerstin
Published: September 2020

Summary This article has focused on the relation between warriors and warrior ideals, studied through the presence of weapons in Viking age graves. Archaeological studies have repeatedly shown that objects, such as weapons, do not necessarily reflect certain lived identities as that of warriors. Moreover, weapons in burials seem to be able to transform and may not primarily be “weapons” when included in burials and burial processes. In trying to understand why certain people were buried with weapons despite having no lived experience of battle or war-like activity, I explore how identity is created, shaped and staged in connection to burials. I argue that ‘weapon-graves’ may be results of people wanting to materialize warrior ideals, rather than warrior identities.
Möten med krigsgravar i konflikternas periferi. Materialitet och bruk av betydelse
Authors: Ljunge Magnus , Persson Maria
Published: September 2020

During the great wars, the remains of hundreds of killed soldiers ended up on Swedish territory. They were either sailors, killed in battles at sea and taken by currents to the Swedish coast, or shot down pilots. When discovered, the remains were buried at local cemeteries. During the 1960s a process of re-burial was initiated, and close to 500 bodies was moved to a cemetery at Kviberg in the city of Gothenburg. Two war cemeteries were created, separating German soldiers from soldiers that served in the Commonwealth.In this paper we address the materiality and spatiality of the two war cemeteries in order to understand how these war graves take part in commemoration practices, and also how they create and manifest post-war narratives of the area of the great wars. Starting at the perceived differences in the setting and design of the two cemeteries, we argue that visitors of the war graves encounter a feeling of being close to global historic events. The war graves materialize abstract narratives of great histories at a micro-level in a place far away from the actual conflicts. Simultaneously, the war graves manifest post-war national identities that has very little to do with the individuals buried in the graves or the geographical context of their setting.
Dufeu, Val (2018): Fish Trade in Medieval North Atlantic Societies - An Interdisciplinary Approach to Human Ecodynamics, Amsterdam.
Authors: Küchelmann Hans Christian
Published: September 2020

Bokanmeldelse
Hva vet vi om sikring av bru som selvmordsforebyggende tiltak?
Authors: Sæheim Aleksandra , Hestetun Ingebjørg
Published: September 2020

Hvert år tar en rekke mennesker livet sitt i Norge ved å hoppe fra et høyt sted. I perioden 2000-2011 har til sammen 324 mennesker tatt sitt eget liv på denne måten. I den statistikken som er tilgjengelig er det ikke spesifisert hvor disse personene har hoppet fra. Rapporter om enkeltstående hendelser gir imidlertid grunn til å anta at selvmord ved hopp fra bruer representerer en betydelig andel av alle selvmord ved utsprang. Et viktig spørsmål er derfor om vi, ved å installere høye gjerder eller andre sikringstiltak på utsatte bruer, kan forebygge selvmord? Internasjonal forskning tyder på dette, og spørsmålet om brusikring diskuteres både i den offentlige debatten og hos vegmyndighetene i Norge. Men det er uklart i hvilken grad kunnskap og erfaringer fra andre land kan overføres til vårt land. I artikkelen tar vi opp relevant forskning, drøfter arbeid med sikring av bruer i Norge, samt orienterer om et igangsatt forskningsprosjekt som vil belyse muligheten til å forebygge selvmord ved sikring av utsatte bruer i Norge. Every year many Norwegians commit suicide by jumping. In the period 2000–2011 suicide by jumping accounted for 324 deaths. The available statistics does not specify the type of site from which the jumping occurs; however reports of several single incidents give reasons to believe that bridges are commonly used. An important question is, therefore: could we, by installing barriers on bridges which are commonly used, reduce the risk of suicide? International research suggests that erecting fences on popular bridges do in fact reduce risk of suicide. Both the general public and Norwegian road authorities are concerned about the question whether we should do so in Norway. However, we might question whether available knowledge transfers to our country. In this article we refer to international research, what has been done in Norway to erect suicide barriers on bridges, and describe a research project undertaken to answer important questions regarding the possibility of saving lives by securing popular bridges in Norway with anti-suicide barriers.
Die Europäische Union
Authors: Bieber Roland , Epiney Astrid , Haag Marcel , Kotzur Markus
Published: September 2020

Die Europäische Union bildet eine dynamische Rechtsordnung; jüngste Entwicklungen haben weitreichende rechtliche Implikationen:

das Corona-Virus,

die Migrationswellen nach Europa und die Reform des Dublin-Verfahrens,

die Stabilisierung des europäischen Währungssystems,

der Austritt des Vereinigten Königreich aus der EU bei zugleich weiteren Beitrittswünschen der Staaten Südosteuropas.

Die 14. Auflage des Bieber/Epiney/Haag/Kotzur stellt übersichtlich den komplexer werdenden Stoff komprimiert dar. Die wesentlichen Strukturen und Aktionsfelder der Europäischen Union (u.a. Binnenmarkt, Grundfreiheiten, Wirtschafts- und Währungspolitik, Außenbeziehungen) werden in ihrem jeweils aktuellen Entwicklungsstand und dessen Perspektiven präzise erläutert und kritisch analysiert. Die jüngste Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts („Recht auf Vergessen“) und des EuGH sind zuverlässig eingearbeitet und dokumentiert.
Ikonisches Wissen
Authors: Müller Eva
Published: September 2020

Binational relationships are affected by popular knowledge and stereotypes about the past of the other country. Germany and Italy especially look back on centuries of shared history. But what did Italians learn about Germany’s past at school, and how did their historical knowledge and judgements develop over time? Who had an infuence on textbooks and how did the vicissitudes of the 20th century change their subject matter?

This study shows that Italian self-perception is deeply connected with well-known images of German history. It analyses the structure of knowledge presented in textbooks between the humanities and the mass media, and between memory culture, cognitive interest and propaganda. It gives an overview of popular ideas concerning German history in Italy and of the Italian school system and its curricula. This study can thus contribute to clearing up current misunderstandings between Germany and its neighbour.
Das datenschutzrechtliche Transparenzgebot
Authors: Manthey Benjamin
Published: September 2020

Die alltägliche Benutzung von Informationstechnologie verschafft dem Nutzer schon lange nicht mehr nur die von ihm gewünschten Informationen. Mit der ständigen Onlinenutzung von Geräten – wie Computer, Smartphone und Tablet – wird der Nutzer selbst gleichsam zu einer wertvollen Informationsquelle. Zur Herstellung von Waffengleichheit zwischen Verantwortlichen und Betroffenen kennt das Datenschutzrecht den Grundsatz der Transparenz. Die Arbeit legt den Schwerpunkt auf Datenverarbeitungen, die nicht offen erkennbar und für die eine entsprechende Information der Betroffenen zwingend ist, um den Schutzzielen des Datenschutzrechts gerecht zu werden. Die Arbeit ist hierbei zweigliedrig und erfasst zunächst die wesentlichen rechtlichen Grundlagen. Diese werden dann anhand praktischer Beispiele, die vertieft auch technisch analysiert werden, abgeglichen. Schließlich werden unter Rückgriff auf diese Vorarbeiten Problemstellen und Verbesserungspotentiale des Transparenzgebots und seiner tatsächlichen und legislativen Umsetzung aufgezeigt.
Europa
Authors: Schrötter Hans Jörg
Published: September 2020

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Europäischem Rat und Europarat? Wo liegen die Ursachen für die zahlreichen Krisen, die Europa gemeistert – oder noch vor sich – hat? In seiner 3., überarbeiteten und aktualisierten Auflage erklärt das Buch, wie unser neues Europa funktioniert, welche ungeahnten Freiheiten und Chancen es uns bietet – und warum es mitunter nicht funktioniert. Anschaulich analysiert der Autor das gesamte Spektrum aktueller Themen – von den Turbulenzen um den Euro, die Flüchtlingspolitik, den Brexit und Fridays for Future bis hin zur Diskussion um „Corona-Bonds“.

Europa ist kein Elite-Projekt. Dieses bewährte, leicht lesbare Taschenlexikon lädt Einsteiger wie Europa-Kenner gleichermaßen ein, mitzumachen, zu kritisieren und zu diskutieren. Europa ist zugegeben unperfekt, aber es ist das Erstaunlichste, was wir auf unserem Kontinent in den letzten Jahrhunderten auf die Beine gestellt haben.
Vergütungsansprüche des Hochschulbeschäftigten bei Verwertung des geistigen Eigentums durch die Hochschule
Authors: Fuchs Kornelius
Published: September 2020

Das Werk bietet eine umfassende Betrachtung der Vergütungsgrundsätze für immaterialgüterrechtlich schutzfähige Arbeitsergebnisse von Hochschulbeschäftigten, soweit diese dem Patentrecht, Urheberrecht oder Designrecht zuzuordnen sind.

Hochschulbeschäftige erschaffen während ihres Berufslebens eine Vielzahl von Arbeitsergebnissen im Bereich des geistigen Eigentums. Es ist klärungsbedürftig, ob und unter welchen Voraussetzungen diese Arbeitsergebnisse der jeweiligen Hochschule als Arbeitgeberin zustehen. Für die Praxis ist von erheblicher Bedeutung, ob und in welchem Umfang dem Hochschulbeschäftigten neben dem Arbeitsentgelt ein zusätzlicher Vergütungsanspruch gegen die Hochschule zusteht, wenn diese „sein“ Arbeitsergebnis verwertet.
Coronary Artery Intervention Techniques
Authors: Khalil Imran
Published: September 2020

The topic of coronary artery intervention techniques is very complex. This chapter’s goal is to discuss basic to complex techniques summarized to help coronary operators at all levels to understand the practical aspects of daily coronary interventions using a noncomplex approach. With the revolution of percutaneous cardiovascular and valvular interventions, more patients with complex coronary lesions are treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) over coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Thus, mastering all approaches, techniques of PCI, being comfortable with performing high risk PCIs, and using hemodynamic support devices have become very important. While the basics of coronary interventions have not changed, equipment innovation has a very rapid pace with almost daily additions to the arsenal of coronary interventions, in particular, stent development. Stent therapy for coronary interventions especially in acute coronary syndrome is a proven concept. This created a race to develop a perfect stent that allows for physiological healing of the coronaries and avoid their use in long-term issues. With each addition to the equipment collection comes a learning curve on both technical and clinical evidence aspects, all which make coronary intervention a more specialized and rapidly progressive field.
Microfluidic Devices: Applications and Role of Surface Wettability in Its Fabrication
Authors: Saxena Shivanjali , Joshi Rakesh
Published: September 2020

Microfluidic devices are based upon the behavior of fluids at the microenvironment level. They offer innumerable applications in the field of science and technology. Their scope is not limited to single field and now have applications in various fields such as biomedical, energy, chemicals and environment as well. Their major advantages are low experiment to cost ratio, and fast response time. Surface wettability is one of the factors contributing to the working of microfluidic devices. Surface wettability measurement is a very critical technique to measure the flow of micro fluids in microfluidic applications. In microfluidic devices the detection of small volume change with change in fluid properties is very minor because of the micrometer range. In order to detect this small change in micrometer range, an in situ wetting measurement is required. In this chapter, we have discussed about types of taxis, microfluidic devices: an application of taxis, microfluidic applications and role of surface wettability in microfluidic devices.
Psychometric Properties of the Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ) in Iran
Authors: Molavi Nader , Khosravifar Shahrzad , Ghazanfanpour Masumeh , Najarzadegan Mohammad Reza , Saeidi Abdolhadi , Babakhanian Masoudeh
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Addiction to pornography is one of the most important behavioral addictions among Iranian youth. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a measurement scale of “cravings for pornography” Iran. Methods: This Psychometric study was conducted on a 234 general Iranian population sample in 2017 with a random sampling method. In this study, the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Pornography Craving Questionnaire were evaluated. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis using SPSS version 23. The questionnaire was administered online (Telegram application and email). Results: The age range of 234 study participants was 13 to 51 years (mean = 29.7); 97 females (41.5%) and 135 males (57.7%). To determine this questionnaire’s cut-off value, we divided into three categories of low or no craving (12 - 36), average (36 - 60), and high (60 - 84). The result of exploratory factor analysis for these questions identified two factors (Psychological reactions and Desire). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.8. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the Persian version of the “the pornography craving questionnaire” has sufficient reliability and validity in Iranian society.
Anti-Toxoplasma Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Based on Ginger Extract: An in Vitro Study
Authors: KarimiPourSaryazdi Amir , Tavakoli Pooya , Barati Mohammad , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Dalir Ghaffari Ali , KarimiPourSaryazdi Yeganeh
Published: September 2020

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a tropical disease that is opportunistic in immunocompromised patients. Objectives: In this research, our goal was to assess the anti-parasitic effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) based on ginger extract on T. gondii tachyzoites. Methods: This study was conducted to assess the effects of various concentrations of nanoparticles on the parasite using light microscopy. The MTT assay was also conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles based on ginger extract on macrophage cells. In addition, the potential apoptosis of T. gondii by silver NPs was assessed using the flow cytometry technique. Results: Based on the tachyzoite assay using microscopic examination, it was observed that the higher the NPs concentration and the longer the parasite’s exposure to NPs, the greater the lethal effect of NPs on tachyzoites. The IC50 (inhibitory concentration) for NPs against T. gondii tachyzoites was 2 ppm. Also, according to the MTT assay, the 40 ppm concentration of nanoparticles had the most toxic impact on macrophages. Moreover, silver NPs led to apoptosis in approximately 55.22% of tachyzoites based on the flow cytometry technique. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is concluded that silver nanoparticles based on ginger extract have a lethal effect on T. gondii and induce apoptosis in this parasite. This study encourages further studies in vivo.
Narrar através de imagens: a representação da Batalha do Somme por Joe Sacco
Authors: Pereira Valéria Sabrina
Published: September 2020

Às vésperas do centenário da Primeira Guerra Mundial, o quadrinista Joe Sacco publicou The Great War. July 1, 1916: The First Day of the Battle of the Somme, um panorama ilustrado com cerca de sete metros de comprimento, sem falas ou texto. Neste artigo, será discutido como a escolha do primeiro dia da Batalha do Somme como evento representativo da guerra, a perspectiva de apenas um dos lados (o britânico), e a apresentação do exército como “um único organismo” funcionam como argumentação nessa representação imagética da guerra. Também serão feitas considerações sobre o livreto que acompanha o panorama, e onde se encontram as notas de Sacco que funcionam como legendas informativas, junto a um texto do jornalista Adam Hochshild que narra o desenvolvimento dos acontecimentosdo dia.
Investigação das relações de autoritarismo e poder nos textos de Caio Fernando Abreu e João Simões Lopes Neto
Authors: Oliveira Simone Conti de
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o preconceito - enquanto elemento presente na constituição e formação de sociedades patriarcais - a partir da leitura e interpretação de textos literários produzidos por autores gaúchos que abordam as relações de autoritarismo e poder existentes na sociedade sul-rio-grandense. Inicialmente, algumas considerações a respeito das relações entre literatura e sociedade são tecidas, seguidas pela discussão das relações de poder e preconceito presentes nas obras. A investigação se desenvolverá a partir dos contos Terça-feira gorda, de Caio Fernando Abreu e O negro Bonifácio, de João Simões Lopes Neto. É importante salientar que, apesar da distância histórica das obras e dos autores, ocorre uma aproximação temática quando se evidencia a presença de uma crítica aos preconceitos da sociedade na qual estão inseridas as personagens das obras. Para tanto, este trabalho fundamenta-se em autores como Theodor Adorno (2003), Walter Benjamin (1985), Antonio Candido (2000), entre outros.
Narrar o amor: reflexões sobre a contemporaneidade
Authors: Rocha Virgínea Novack Santos da
Published: September 2020

Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir a representação do amor em O livro de Praga: Narrativas de amor e arte (2011), de Sérgio Sant’Anna, no qual, subvertendo a ideia romantizada do amor como virtude suprema entre duas pessoas, o protagonista envolve-se com diferentes personagens erotica e/ou sexualmente sem que haja qualquer vinculo mais permanente, revelando o momento de presentificação da nossa atual cultura. Para desenvolver tal discusão nos utilizamos dos apontamentos de filósofos e historiadores, como May (2012) e Rougemont (1988) que preocupam-se com a temática do amor e Bauman (2004) que atrela essa discussão ao cenário contemporâneo.
Diário da queda: das memórias do antissemitismo ao confronto violento entre dois eus
Authors: Lima Leila Aparecida Cardoso de Freitas , Santos Rosana Cristina Zanelatto
Published: September 2020

Embasados em pressupostos da Teoria Literária, da Teoria Crítica e da Psicanálise, apresentamos a análise do narrador autodiegético no romance Diário da queda, de Michel Laub. Objetivamos averiguar a possibilidade de dissociar entre o eu narrador e o eu narrado, mediante a focalização autodiegética proposta pela teoria de Gérard Genette, partindo da hipótese de que o tempo opera uma mudança ideológica entre um eu e outro. Tendo em vista a presença do fluxo de consciência que revela o processo mental do narrador de Diário da queda, além de sua trajetória traumática, os estudos psicanalíticos de Sigmund Freud também se fazem relevantes. Além disso, autores como Jeanne Marie Gagnebin, Ronaldo Lima Lins e Giorgio Agamben também estão presentes. Essa visada analítica do romance em questão resultou na proposição de que o eu narrador, quando assume a enunciação (presente), revela características que não se percebem no eu narrado (passado), sendo o fator temporal o responsável por essa mudança ocorrida entre os dois eus. Remetendo-nos a Gagnebin (2006), temos a impressão de que o narrador-protagonista de Diário da queda mergulha em suas lembranças acerca de sua origem judaica, tentando compreender o passado para agir sobre o presente, escrevendo sobre essas lembranças e, finalmente,estando pronto para tentar superar um doloroso passado e seguir em frente.
Identidades sociais, padronização e cores: a trajetória de Lenina em Admirável mundo novo, de Aldous Huxley
Authors: Bof Alana Michelli , Rossi Menegotto Roberto
Published: September 2020

Em Admirável mundo novo, romance distópico do inglês Aldous Huxley, as diferentes castas em que a sociedade é divida trajam roupas com cores que demarcam as suas posições sociais. No entanto, a personagem Lenina Crowne, pertencente ao grupo Beta, veste diferentes colorações ao longo da narrativa, contrariando os processos de controle mental aos quais foi submetida. Desse modo, o objetivo deste artigo é investigar a trajetória de Lenina, observando como, apesar de ter passado por diferentes processos de condicionamento, as cores de seu vestuário podem representar a sua sobreposição à normatização das identidades sociais. O amparo bibliográfico é oriundo de autores como Eva Heller (2013), Jean Chevalier e Alain Gheerbrant (2017), Kathryn Woodward (2000), Pierre Bourdieu (1989) e Stuart Hall (2000; 2015).
The Invisibility of 19th Century African American (Auto)biographies
Authors: Simões Hanna , Santos Marcel de Lima
Published: September 2020

This paper aims at investigating how slavery experiences of African Americans have been disregarded as traumatic, leading to the marginalized position their (auto)biographical works have had in the academic field. Drawing from the concepts of memory and identity, the analysis here proposed will examine how African American literary invisibility can be understood within academic discourse concerning the difference between (auto)biography and slave narratives as classificatory terms. Henceforth it will be possible to advocate for a visible space of African American (auto)biographies in the literary canon culminating in the production of neo-slave narratives in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, which have enriched studies of collective memory and identity.
Apresentação
Authors: Ourique João Luis Pereira , Umbach Rosani Úrsula Ketzer
Published: September 2020

A edição de número 34 da Revista Eletrônica Literatura e Autoritarismo disponibiliza para seus leitores uma diversidade de textos que orbitam o processo histórico da representação artística e literária discutindo temas como o exílio, o trauma, a violência. Além disso, os processos de (des)construções identitárias são percebidos pelos diversos olhares e análises problematizadores de situações que acabam adquirindo uma espécie de invisibilidade perante discursos que banalizam sua real importância.
A representação mimética e a literatura de testemunho em Primo Levi
Authors: Ferreira Conrado Valdirene Edna , Jaeckel Volker Karl Lothar
Published: September 2020

A considerar que a literatura é também uma riquíssima fonte de conhecimento para o leitor, levando-o a fazer parte de um universo em que aspectos históricos e literários podem ser revisitados, o presente texto objetiva fazer uma breve análise acerca da literatura de testemunho por meio de alguns relatos testemunhais do escritor Primo Levi, já que ele foi um sobrevivente dos campos de extermínio, em Auschwitz, na Polônia, em consonância com a representação do discurso testemunhal por meio da mimesis, pois pode-se considerar o testemunho como uma importante ferramenta de verificação de algum fato histórico, e a representação mimética é um dos recursos de que se pode lançar mão para evidenciar os relatos de Levi como um sobrevivente da Shoah.
Klinično elektrofiziološko testiranje vida
Authors: Šuštar Maja , Hawlina Marko , Brecelj Jelka
Published: September 2020

Klinično elektrofiziološko testiranje vidnega sistema vključuje vrsto neinvazivnih testov, ki zagotavljajo objektivno oceno delovanja vidnega sistema. S snemanjem elektrookulografije (EOG), elektroretinografije (ERG) in vidnih evociranih potencialov (VEP) je mogoče ovrednotiti delovanje vidnega sistema od ravni retinalnega pigmentnega epitela, posameznih plasti mrežnice, vidnih živcev in vidne poti do primarne vidne skorje. Testiranje se izvaja po standardih Mednarodnega združenja za klinično elektrofiziologijo vida (ISCEV), ki je nedavno izdalo tudi smernice za napotitev na elektrofiziološko testiranje v oftalmološki praksi. Prispevek predstavlja metodologijo elektrofiziološkega testiranja ter povzetek najpogostejših diagnoz, pri katerih je bolnika smiselno napotititi na to testiranje.
Kazalniki kakovosti predpisovanja zdravil v pediatriji
Authors: FüRST JURIJ , KOSTNAPFEL TATJA , KOS MITJA
Published: September 2020

Izhodišče: Kazalniki predpisovanja zdravil so izbrani podatki, ki delno osvetljujejo zdravnikovo delo na področju predpisovanja zdravil. Zavod za zdravstveno zavarovanje Slovenije (ZZZS) je v sodelovanju s predstavniki pediatrične stroke pripravil nabor kazalnikov kakovosti predpisovanja zdravil na področju pediatrije. Pripravljena je analiza kazalnikov za petletno obdobje od leta 2014 – 2018.Metode: V retrospektivni, opazovalni raziskavi so bili analizirani podatki o predpisanih zdravilih otrokom do 19. leta starosti v Sloveniji in območnih enotah ZZZS (OE). Vir podatkov je Baza ambulantno predpisanih zdravil na ZZZS in na Nacionalnem inštitutu za javno zdravje. V analizo so bili vključeni podatki o ambulantno predpisanih zdravilih na zelenih in belih receptih. Poraba zdravil je prikazana glede na razvrstitev po anatomsko-terapevtsko-kemijski (ATC) klasifikaciji v definiranih dnevnih odmerkih (DDD). Pregledane so bile tudi podskupine zdravil znotraj ATC skupin. Podatki so prikazani tabelarično.Rezultati: Število izdanih receptov za standardizirano populacijo otrok v letih 2014 do 2018 se je v Sloveniji zmanjšalo za 3 %, ob tem pa je bilo predpisanih 9 % več DDD. Najvišji odstotek oseb, ki so prejele vsaj en recept za zdravila za sistemsko zdravljenje bakterijskih infekcij, je bil v OE Murska Sobota, 35 %. Sledijo OE Krško s 34,1 %, OE Ravne s 33,2 % in OE Novo mesto z 32 %. Najmanj oseb je zdravila prejelo v OE Nova Gorica – 21,1 %. Kazalnik KKP1, ki kaže povprečno ceno enote DDD vseh predpisanih zdravil v EUR, kaže padajoč trend za Slovenijo in velike razlike med OE. Glede na izhodiščno leto je v Sloveniji prišlo do zmanjšanja deleža otrok, ki so prejeli recept za antibiotik za 14 %. V OE Nova Gorica je to zmanjšanje kar 33 %.Zaključek: Predstavljeni kazalniki kažejo izboljšanje kakovosti predpisovanja zdravil pri otrocih zlasti na področju sistemskih antibiotikov. Menimo, da so kazalniki koristni tako za posamezne zdravnike kot za odločanje na nacionalni ravni in da lahko prispevajo k nadaljnjemu obvladovanju porabe protimikrobnih zdravil pri otrocih, kar je njihov osnovni namen.
Keratins and plakin family cytolinker proteins control the length of epithelial microridge protrusions
Authors: Inaba Yasuko , Chauhan Vasudha , van Loon Aaron Paul , Choudhury Lamia Saiyara , Sagasti Alvaro
Published: September 2020

Actin filaments and microtubules create diverse cellular protrusions, but intermediate filaments, the strongest and most stable cytoskeletal elements, are not known to directly participate in the formation of protrusions. Here we show that keratin intermediate filaments directly regulate the morphogenesis of microridges, elongated protrusions arranged in elaborate maze-like patterns on the surface of mucosal epithelial cells. We found that microridges on zebrafish skin cells contained both actin and keratin filaments. Keratin filaments stabilized microridges, and overexpressing keratins lengthened them. Envoplakin and periplakin, plakin family cytolinkers that bind F-actin and keratins, localized to microridges, and were required for their morphogenesis. Strikingly, plakin protein levels directly dictate microridge length. An actin-binding domain of periplakin was required to initiate microridge morphogenesis, whereas periplakin-keratin binding was required to elongate microridges. These findings separate microridge morphogenesis into distinct steps, expand our understanding of intermediate filament functions, and identify microridges as protrusions that integrate actin and intermediate filaments.
A limbic circuit selectively links active escape to food suppression
Authors: Azevedo Estefania P , Tan Bowen , Pomeranz Lisa E , Ivan Violet , Fetcho Robert , Schneeberger Marc , Doerig Katherine R , Liston Conor , Friedman Jeffrey M , Stern Sarah A
Published: September 2020

Stress has pleiotropic physiologic effects, but the neural circuits linking stress to these responses are not well understood. Here, we describe a novel population of lateral septum neurons expressing neurotensin (LSNts) in mice that are selectively tuned to specific types of stress. LSNts neurons increase their activity during active escape, responding to stress when flight is a viable option, but not when associated with freezing or immobility. Chemogenetic activation of LSNts neurons decreases food intake and body weight, without altering locomotion and anxiety. LSNts neurons co-express several molecules including Glp1r (glucagon-like peptide one receptor) and manipulations of Glp1r signaling in the LS recapitulates the behavioral effects of LSNts activation. Activation of LSNts terminals in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) also decreases food intake. These results show that LSNts neurons are selectively tuned to active escape stress and can reduce food consumption via effects on hypothalamic pathways.
Democratizing AI: non-expert design of prediction tasks
Authors: Bagrow James P.
Published: September 2020

Non-experts have long made important contributions to machine learning (ML) by contributing training data, and recent work has shown that non-experts can also help with feature engineering by suggesting novel predictive features. However, non-experts have only contributed features to prediction tasks already posed by experienced ML practitioners. Here we study how non-experts can design prediction tasks themselves, what types of tasks non-experts will design, and whether predictive models can be automatically trained on data sourced for their tasks. We use a crowdsourcing platform where non-experts design predictive tasks that are then categorized and ranked by the crowd. Crowdsourced data are collected for top-ranked tasks and predictive models are then trained and evaluated automatically using those data. We show that individuals without ML experience can collectively construct useful datasets and that predictive models can be learned on these datasets, but challenges remain. The prediction tasks designed by non-experts covered a broad range of domains, from politics and current events to health behavior, demographics, and more. Proper instructions are crucial for non-experts, so we also conducted a randomized trial to understand how different instructions may influence the types of prediction tasks being proposed. In general, understanding better how non-experts can contribute to ML can further leverage advances in Automatic machine learning and has important implications as ML continues to drive workplace automation.
Determinants and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects Attending the General Outpatient Department of the Federal Medical Centre Katsina State, North West Nigeria
Authors: Yaradua A. I. , Alhassan A. J. , Atiku M. K. , Wudil M. A. , Matazu K. I. , Nasir A. , Suleiman Z. A. , Usman F. , Shuaibu L. , Idi A. , Muhammad I. U. , Bello Y. K. , Alkali M. , Sule S. , Yaradua A. A.
Published: September 2020

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a term that describe the presence of conditions that increase an individual risk for heart disease and other disorders such as diabetes and stroke, and its occurrence is in the rise in residents of North-Western Nigeria, The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in respondents from Katsina senatorial zone attending the Out-patient Department of the Federal Medical Center Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. A total of 211 (male 109; female 102) respondents aged 10 to 80 years were recruited for the study. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure of respondents were determined using standard methods; serum lipid profile was determined using enzymatic methods. From the results, 11.8% of the male respondents were under weight, 51.6% were within the normal range, 25.4% of the study male population was found to be overweight and 12.8% were obese. 13.5% of the female respondents were under weight, 51.9% were within the normal range, 22.8% of the study female population was found to be overweight and 13.1% were obese. All serum lipids measurements with the exception of serum LDL-C concentration correlated positively with age. There were no statistically significant differences between the frequencies of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TRIG between the male and female respondents. The most common form of Dyslipidemia in the male and female respondents is low HDL-C. BMI, SBP, LDL-C, HDLC and TRIG were associated metabolic syndrome with the association being significant for SBP and HDL-C (0.05; 0.03) in the male respondent, in the female respondents BMI, SBP, DBP, LDL-C and TRIG were associated metabolic syndrome with the association being significant for SBP, DBP, and TRIG (0.04; 0.04; 0.04) respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was highest in male (31.75%) than in the female respondents (28.33).The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is common in the population under study with the male respondents having the highest prevalence. A robust and well design intervention program by concerned authorities is desirable to address complications of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the population.
COVID-19 Pandemic Data Visualization with Moment about Midpoint: Exploratory and Expository Analyses
Authors: Are Stephen Olusegun , Ekum Matthew Iwada
Published: September 2020

Aims: To visualize COVID-19 data using Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) to tell the COVID-19 story expository.

Study Design: The study uses EDA approach to visualize the COVID-19 data. The study uses secondary data collected from World Health Organization (WHO) in a panel form and partition the world using WHO regions. Moment about a midpoint and EDA are jointly used to analyze the data.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Statistical Laboratory, Lagos State Polytechnic and Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro. The data used covered all regions of the world from January 2020 to July 2020.

Methodology: We included 198 countries (cross-sections) partitioned into 7 WHO regions over 7 months (190 days) time period, spanning 3000 datasets. The EDA and moment about a midpoint is used for the analysis. This is a purely descriptive and expository analysis to tell the story of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Results: The total sample points used for this analysis are 30,010, which can be taken as a big data and it is large enough to assume the central limit theorem. The results of the analysis showed that cumulative cases and deaths are increasing but at a slower rate. Some WHO region curves are already flattening.

Conclusion: The study concluded that average number of new cases and new deaths will decrease in coming months but there will be increase in the cumulative cases and deaths but at a slower rate.
Study of Some Biological Aspects of the Nile Carp, Labeo niloticus (Pisces, Cyprinidae) from Khashm El-Girba Reservoir and Atbara River, Sudan: I Abundance; Sex Ratio; Gonado-somatic Index and Breeding Season
Authors: Abdalla Mutasim Yousif Mohamed , Abdelhalim Abuelgasim Ibrahim , Adam Ahmed El Bedawi
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate some biological aspects of the Nile carp, Labeo niloticus, in Khashm El-Girba reservoir and Atbara River, Sudan. The study was conducted during December 2015 to November 2016. Samples were collected bi-monthly from three localities, namely; Um Aswad (Atbara River), El-Remila and El-Monaba (Khashm El-Girba reservoir), using beach seine nets of 1.2 cm 4.0 cm and 7.0 cm stretched mesh. A total number of 1,190 specimens of L. niloticus were collected from the three sampling sites. Two peaks of abundance were observed for L. niloticus at all sampling sites (February- March and September- October). Sex ratio was 1:1, except in downstream areas, where females were more dominant than males. Gonado-somatic index showed one peak of increase, and ranged from 1.28 - 1.79 and 0.50 – 1.701 for females and males respectively, indicating one spawning season.
Bilateral Transolecranon Fracture-Dislocation Elbow with Bilateral Coronoid and Radial Head Fractures – A Rare Complex Elbow Injury: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Raviraj A. , Sugumar K. Abhishek , Maalepati Vidyasagar , Savsani Vivek Kumar N. , Murgodi Viresh B. , Anand Ashish
Published: September 2020

Bilateral olecranon fractures are a rare occurrence. Direct trauma usually results in comminuted fractures and indirect trauma in transverse fractures. We describe a case of bilateral olecranon fracture with a radial head comminuted fracture with coronoid fracture without the involvement of collaterals.  Olecranon fractures are usually a result of direct trauma (fall from height/motor vehicle accidents) or indirect trauma. A 22year old male patient presented to the emergency department with complaints of pain and swelling around both elbows following a motor vehicle accident. The patient also sustained trauma to the head and had a history of transient loss of consciousness. CT brain at the time of presentation was normal and the patient was conscious. The Olecranon Fracture was fixed with a pre-contoured olecranon locking compression plate (Synthes, USA).  In our case, the collaterals were intact and as the radial head was comminuted, we excised the radial head. The radial head being secondary stabilizer of the elbow in injuries to the medial collateral ligament complex. The excision of the radial head would not cause any instability. Bilateral olecranon fractures need to be fixed anatomically, the comminuted radial head was excised and the anterior capsule was repaired.
Metal Oxides Based Hydrogen Sensor Works at Room Temperature
Authors: Bamsaoud Salim F. , Aiyer R. C. , Gosavi S. W.
Published: September 2020

Tin chloride and Palladium chloride were used to fabricate H2 sensor based on PdO, SnO2 and PdOx functionalized SnO2 nanoparticles. There sensors were fabricated by spin coating technique using single step thermal decomposition method (SSTD) with annealing temperature of 550°C. The chemical composition and microstructure of the obtained samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, UV-VIS spectra, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The sensing characteristic of sensors was investigated at different operation temperatures 25, 50 and 80°C. Results showed that PdOx-SnO2 sensor exhibited excellent sensing performance to H2 at room temperature (RT). When the operating temperature was 50°C, the detection limit towards H2 was 0.5 ppm with ultrafast response and recovery time. In addition, the sensor exhibited excellent stability and repeatability at different relative humidity with a high selectivity to H2 detection against CO, CO2, LPG, acetone, methanol and ethanol vapor.
Reasons for Failed Mechanical Thrombectomy in Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Weyland Charlotte S. , Neuberger Ulf , Potreck Arne , Pfaff Johannes A. R. , Nagel Simon , Schönenberger Silvia , Bendszus Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus A.
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose

To determine reasons for failed recanalization in mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of the posterior circulation.

Methods

Retrospective single center analysis of reasons for MT failure in the posterior circulation. Failed MTs were categorized according to the reason for procedure failure in failed vascular access, failed passage of the target vessel occlusion and MT failure after passing the occluded target vessel. Patient characteristics were compared between failed and successful MT.

Results

Patients with failed MT (30/218 patients, 13.8%) were categorized into futile vascular access (13/30, 43.3%), abortive passage of the target vessel occlusion (6/30, 20.0%) and MT failure after passing the vessel occlusion (11/30, 36.7%). In 188/218 (86.2%) successful MTs alternative vascular access, local intra-arterial (i.a.) thrombolysis and emergency stent-assisted PTA prevented 65 MT failures. Patients with failed MT showed a higher NIHSS at discharge, a higher pc-ASPECTS in follow-up imaging, a higher mRS 90 days after stroke onset and a high mortality rate of 77.0% (mRS at 90 days, median (IQR): 6 (6–6) vs. 4 (2–6) for successful MT, p-value < 0.001). Co-morbidities and stroke etiology were not different compared to sufficient recanalization with atherosclerotic disease as the leading stroke etiology in both groups.

Conclusion

Failure of MT in posterior circulation ischemic stroke patients is associated with a high mortality rate. Reasons for MT failure are diverse with futile vascular access and MT failure after passing the vessel occlusion as the leading causes. Alternative vascular access, local i.a. thrombolysis and stent-assisted PTA can prevent MT failure.
Unraveling the effects of environmental drivers and spatial structure on benthic species distribution patterns in Eurasian-Arctic seas (Barents, Kara and Laptev Seas)
Authors: Hansen Miriam L. S. , Piepenburg Dieter , Pantiukhin Dmitrii , Kraan Casper
Published: September 2020

In times of accelerating climate change, species are challenged to respond to rapidly shifting environmental settings. Yet, faunal distribution and composition are still scarcely known for remote and little explored seas, where observations are limited in number and mostly refer to local scales. Here, we present the first comprehensive study on Eurasian-Arctic macrobenthos that aims to unravel the relative influence of distinct spatial scales and environmental factors in determining their large-scale distribution and composition patterns. To consider the spatial structure of benthic distribution patterns in response to environmental forcing, we applied Moran’s eigenvector mapping (MEM) on a large dataset of 341 samples from the Barents, Kara and Laptev Seas taken between 1991 and 2014, with a total of 403 macrobenthic taxa (species or genera) that were present in ≥ 10 samples. MEM analysis revealed three spatial scales describing patterns within or beyond single seas (broad: ≥ 400 km, meso: 100–400 km, and small: ≤ 100 km). Each scale is associated with a characteristic benthic fauna and environmental drivers (broad: apparent oxygen utilization and phosphate, meso: distance-to-shoreline and temperature, small: organic carbon flux and distance-to-shoreline). Our results suggest that different environmental factors determine the variation of Eurasian-Arctic benthic community composition within the spatial scales considered and highlight the importance of considering the diverse spatial structure of species communities in marine ecosystems. This multiple-scale approach facilitates an enhanced understanding of the impact of climate-driven environmental changes that is necessary for developing appropriate management strategies for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Arctic marine systems.
Spondylodiscitis due to transmitted mycotic aortic aneurysm or infected grafts after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR): A retrospective single-centre experience with short-term outcomes
Authors: von der Höh Nicolas Heinz , Pieroh Philipp , Henkelmann Jeanette , Branzan Daniela , Völker Anna , Wiersbicki Dina , Heyde Christoph-Eckhard
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To report the challenging therapeutic approach and the clinical outcome of patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis transmitted due to infected retroperitoneal regions of primary infected mycotic aortic aneurysms (MAAs) or secondary infected aortic stent grafts after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Methods

Between 2012 and 2019, all patients suffering from spondylodiscitis based on a transmitted infection after the EVAR procedure were retrospectively identified. Patient data were analysed regarding the time between primary and secondary EVAR infection and spondylodiscitis detection, potential source of infection, pathogens, antibiotic treatment, complications, recovery from infection, mortality, numeric rating scale (NRS), COBB angle and cage subsidence.

Results

Fifteen patients with spondylodiscitis transmitted from primary or secondary infected aortic aneurysms after EVAR were included. The median follow-up time was 8 months (range 1–47). Surgery for spondylodiscitis was performed in 12 patients. In 9 patients, the infected graft was treated conservatively. MAAs were treated in 4 patients first with percutaneous aortic stent graft implantation followed by posterior surgery of the infected spinal region in a two-step procedure. Infection recovery was recorded in 11 patients during follow-up. The overall mortality rate was 27% (n = 4). The mean pain intensity improved from an NRS score of 8.4 (3.2–8.3) to 3.1 (1.3–6.7) at the last follow-up.

Conclusion

EVAR was used predominantly to treat primary infected MAAs. Secondary infected grafts were treated conservatively. Independent of vascular therapy, surgery of the spine led to recovery in most cases. Thus, surgery should be considered for the treatment of EVAR- and MAA-related spondylodiscitis.