bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN RIAS WAJAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN SISWA SMK KECANTIKAN KULIT KELAS X
Authors: Dewi Siska Miga , Mukminan Mukminan
Published: October 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan multimedia pembelajaran rias wajah dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa SMK kecantikan kulit kelas X yang layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran rias wajah, dan (2) mengetahui keefektifan produk multimedia pembelajaran rias wajah dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa. Model penelitian dan pengembangan ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu perencanaan, desain dan pengembangan. Proses validasi terhadap produk dilakukan dengan tahap uji alpha, uji beta dan uji coba produk. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. (a) Multimedia dikembangkan dinilai layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran ditinjau dari media, materi, dan penilaian siswa. Kelayakan tersebut dapat dilihat dari skor penilaian ahli media 4,2 kategori baik, skor ahli materi 4,9 kategori sangat baik, dan skor penilaian siswa 4,4 kategori sangat baik. (b) Multimedia pembelajaran rias wajah yang menggunakan Macromedia Flash dinilai efektif karena dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil nilai pre-test dengan rata-rata nilai 61,0 dan nilai post-test dengan rata-rata nilai 83,9. Persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa 100%. Kata kunci: multimedia, rias wajah, kecantikanDEVELOPING MULTIMEDIA IN MAKE-UP LEARNING FOR INCREASING THE KNOWLEDGE OF GRADE X STUDENTSOF VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 0F SKIN BEAUTY Abstract This research aims to: (1) product multimedia on make-up learning in increasing students’ knowledge vocational of skin beauty, and (2) know the effectivness of multimedia product on make-up learning in increasing students’ knowledge on learning process. It applied the research and development with 3 stages, i.e.: planning, design, and development. The process of validation of this product was carried out through 3 stages, i.e.: alpha testing, beta testing and product testing. The results of the study are as follows. (a) Multimedia learning developed is judged worthy tobe used as a learning in terms of media, materials, and students’ assessment. Feasibility can be seen from the expert assessment score of 4.2 in media with good category, a score of 4.9 with category expert material very good, and students’ assessment score of 4.4 with very good category. (b) Multimedia on makeup learning using Macromedia Flash is considered effective because it can increase students' knowledge. This is evidenced by the results of the pre-test with an average value of 61.0 and a post-test value with an average value of 83.9. The percentage of students’ learning mastery is 100%. Keywords: multimedia, make-up, beauty
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA AKUNTANSI BIAYA METODE HARGA POKOK PESANAN BAGI MAHASISWA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI UNY
Authors: Sumarsih Sumarsih , Mukminan Mukminan
Published: October 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk multimedia berupa CD pembelajaran Akuntansi Biaya Metode Harga Pokok Pesanan (AB-MHPP) yang layak bagi mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Akuntansi, UNY. Di samping itu, penelitian ini juga dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kelayakan dan keefektifan multimedia AB-MHPP untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Subjek uji coba produk adalah mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Akuntansi, UNY, yang didahului dengan telaah ahli media dan ahli materi. Uji coba dilakukan tiga kali, yaitu uji coba individu, uji coba kelompok kecil, dan uji kefektifan multimedia dengan membandingkan hasil kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif pada setiap tahap pengembangan, dan dilanjutkan analisis statistik uji-t untuk mengetahui keefektifan media yang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Multimedia pembelajaran AB-MHPP dapat dinyatakan layak ditinjau dari aspek pembelajaran, materi, dan media; (2) Multimedia pembelajaran AB-MHPP efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar akuntansi biaya metode harga pokok pesanan. Kata kunci: multimedia pembelajaran AB-MHPPDEVELOPING THE TEACHING MULTIMEDIA OF THE COST ACCOUNTING OF JOB ORDER COSTING METHOD FOR STUDENTS OF ACCOUNTING EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, YSU Abstract This research aims to produce the instructional multimedia of the CAJOCM appropriate for students of Accounting Education Department, YSU. This study also aimed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of multimedia CAJOCM to improve learning outcomes. This research include the research and development. The subjects of the products try out were students of Accounting Education Department, YSU, which was preceded by media and material expert’s validation. The try out was carried out three times, namely the individual trials, testing a small group, and test a large group. The analysis used was descriptive analysis at each stage of development, and continued by inferential analysis to determine the effectiveness of the media that was developed. The results show that (1) The CAJOCM instructional multimedia is feasible in terms of aspects of learning, materials, and media; (2) The CAJOCM teaching multimedia is an effective way to improve learning outcomes of CAJOCM. Keywords: instructional multimedia, CAJOCM
EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM STUDI DESAIN KOMUNIKASI VISUAL MSD YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Fatmawati Soraya , Muhtadi Ali
Published: October 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antara pelaksanaan pembelajaran Program Studi (Prodi) DKV di ASRD MSD Yogyakarta dengan standar atau kriteria yang telah dirumuskan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi dengan menggunakan model evaluasi kesenjangan. Subjek atau responden adalah Ketua Program Studi, dosen dan mahasiswa Prodi DKV MSD Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menempuh 5 tahap, yaitu: penyusunan desain, penetapan kelengkapan program, pengumpulkan data, pengukuran tujuan atau analisis data, dan perbandingan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman. Data kuesioner dianalisis menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif dengan skala 4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada Prodi DKV MSD Yogyakarta belum sesuai dengan Permendikbud No. 49 Tahun 2014. Hasil penilaian mahasiswa menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran di Prodi DKV MSD berada pada kategori baik dengan nilai 3,20. Pembelajaran di Prodi DKV MSD Yogyakarta perlu dilaksanakan sesuai dengan Permendikbud No. 49 Tahun 2014. Kata Kunci: pelaksanaan pembelajaran, perencanaan pembelajaranTHE EVALUATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL IMPLEMENTATION OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN STUDY PROGRAM IN MSD YOGYAKARTA Abstract This research aims to determine the suitability of the instructional implementation in Visual Communication Design (VCD) Study Program of MSD Yogyakarta Design and Art Academy with standard or criteria which have been formulated. This research was an evaluation research study that refers to the discrepancy evaluation model. The subjects consisted of the head of study program, lecturers and students of VCD study program MSD Yogyakarta. The research was conducted in five stages: design preparation, determination of the program’s completeness, data collection, purpose measurement or data analysis, and comparison. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document searches, and were analyzed using an interactive analysis model proposed by Miles and Huberman. The questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis in the scale 4. The result of the study shows that instructional implementation in Visual Communication Design Study Program of MSD Yogyakarta is not suitable to the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 49, 2014. The result of student assessment indicates that the instructional implementation in VCD MSD Yogyakarta is categorized good with the value of 3.20. The instructional implementation in Visual Communication Design Study Program of MSD Yogyakarta needs to be adjusted with the National Standards for Higher Education the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 49, 2014 for the instructional implementation can be presented. Keywords: instructional implementation, instructional planning
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEROLEHAN KOSAKATA DALAM PEMAHAMAN MEMBACA BAHASA INGGRIS MENGGUNAKAN VSS PADA SISWA SMP
Authors: Windarti Windarti , Budiningsih C. Asri
Published: October 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan perolehan kosakata dalam pemahaman membaca bahasa Inggris menggunakan Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS) siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Kalasan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 32 siswa kelas VII B SMP Negeri 3 Kalasan tahun ajaran 2013/2014. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, tes, dan wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penerapan strategi VSS dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan perolehan kosakata dalam pemahaman membaca bahasa Inggris. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya jumlah siswa yang lulus standar KKM pada siklus I dan II. Nilai rata-rata tes pada siklus I adalah 77,2. Nilai rata-rata tes pada siklus II adalah 82,4. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah bahwa penerapan strategi VSS dapat meningkatkan perolehan kosakata bahasa Inggris dalam pemahaman membaca siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Kalasan. Kata kunci: VSS, perolehan kosakata, pemahaman membaca bahasa Inggris. THE EFFORT TO IMPROVE VOCABULARY ACQUISITION IN ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION USING VSS ON THE STUDENTS OF SMP Abstract This study aims to improve vocabulary acquisition in English reading comprehension using Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS) on the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Kalasan. This was an action reserch study consisting of two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four steps, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 32 seventh grade students of SMP 3 Kalasan in the academic year of 2013/2014. The data were collected through observation, tests, and interviews and analyzed by means of quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques.The result shows that VSS could be used to improve vocabulary acquisition in English reading comprehension. The increase of students` learning achievement was shown through the increasing number of students who passed the KKM in cycle I and II. The avarage test score in cycle I was 77.2. The average test scores in cycle II was 82.4. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of VSS could improve the vocabulary acquisition in English reading comprehension on the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Kalasan. Keywords: VSS, vocabulary acquisition, English reading comprehension
Dolina Gehenny obrazem potępienia?
Authors: Maniecka Ewelina
Published: October 2016

Dolina Gehenny w Starym Testamencie zawsze oznaczała miejsce na południe od murów miasta. Po ofiarach złożonych Molochowi z dzieci tereny te zostały przeklęte. Zaczęto tam wysypywać śmieci, wyrzucać ciała skazańców, a niegasnący ogień je trawił. Ciągle unosił się stamtąd nieprzyjemny i gryzący dym. Nauczanie Jezusa z Nazaretu zmieniło znaczenie terminu „gehenna”. Jezus używał go, by przybliżyć ludziom rzeczywistość potępienia. Wskazywał na konieczność radykalnego odwrócenia się od zła i grzechu, aby uniknąć tej kary. Dolina hańby stała się w nauczaniu Jezusa obrazem piekła wiecznego.
Wychowawcze wskazówki dla rodziców w Corpus Paulinum
Authors: Wańczyk Paweł
Published: October 2016

Pismo Święte koncentruje się przede wszystkim na sprawach duchowych, ale podejmuje też kwestie dotyczące funkcjonowania w codziennym życiu. Do takiej kategorii można zaliczyć wychowywanie dzieci. Chociaż proces ten przynależy do codzienności, to jednak ma nieocenione znaczenie dla przyszłego – doczesnego i nadprzyrodzonego – życia młodego człowieka. Prawda ta stała się dla autora impulsem do podjęcia badań egzegetycznych dotyczących wychowawczych wskazówek, które znajdują się w listach Pawłowych i w Liście do Hebrajczyków. Analiza wybranych tekstów uwypukliła, jak ważną rzeczą jest dbanie o właściwe relacje w rodzinie, na które składa się: troska, szacunek, wzajemne zrozumienie, a także posłuszeństwo dzieci względem rodziców. Istotne jest nie tylko zaspokojenie potrzeb materialnych synów i córek, ale też uwrażliwienie ich na pomoc, której powinni udzielać innym ludziom. Natomiast gdy dzieci postępują źle, konieczna jest zdecydowana reakcja opiekunów, mająca na celu uświadomienie im niewłaściwego postępowania. Wszystkie te pouczenia znajdują swoją motywację w wierze w Boga, która dla chrześcijan stanowi najważniejszy punkt odniesienia dla całego ich życia. Nic więc dziwnego, że w listach św. Pawła można znaleźć również fragmenty doceniające wczesną edukację religijną i biblijną.
Chrystologiczne τόποι (miejsca) w Ewangelii dzieciństwa według św. Mateusza
Authors: Gibek Anna
Published: October 2016

Mateusz, redagując Ewangelię dzieciństwa głoszącą orędzie o narodzeniu Mesjasza, wplótł w nią konkretne miejsca związane z ziemskim życiem Jezusa: Betlejem, Jerozolimę, Egipt, Rama i Nazaret. Te miejsca ukazują Jezusa, pozwalają głębiej i dokładniej oddać chrystologię Ewangelii. Betlejem to miejsce narodzenia i oddania pokłonu zapowiedzianemu Mesjaszowi. Mała miejscowość ze względu na narodziny Syna Boga zostaje wywyższona, w przeciwieństwie do Jerozolimy, która jest miejscem śmierci Zbawiciela i dlatego zostaje pozbawiona przynależnego jej w Starym Testamencie szacunku i rangi. Stolica uosabia ludzi zamkniętych i wrogich Jezusowi. Egipt i Rama pełnią funkcje przedmiotowe. Egipt jest punktem, do którego wędruje Święta Rodzina i z którego wychodzi, powtarzając wędrówkę Izraela, ale w sposób doskonały. Rama odsyła do żony Jakuba Racheli i jej płaczu nad narodem wybranym, który odrzuca posłanego Mesjasza. Pierwszoplanowym miastem w Ewangelii dzieciństwa według Mateusza jest Nazaret, miejscowość określa Jezusa i wskazuje na Jego godność mesjańską i poświęcenie Bogu.
Evaluation of a Digital Game-Based Learning Program for Enhancing Youth Mental Health: A Structural Equation Modeling of the Program Effectiveness
Authors: Huen Jenny MY , Lai Eliza SY , Shum Angie KY , So Sam WK , Chan Melissa KY , Wong Paul WC , Law YW , Yip Paul SF
Published: October 2016

Background

Digital game-based learning (DGBL) makes use of the entertaining power of digital games for educational purposes. Effectiveness assessment of DGBL programs has been underexplored and no attempt has been made to simultaneously model both important components of DGBL: learning attainment (ie, educational purposes of DGBL) and engagement of users (ie, entertaining power of DGBL) in evaluating program effectiveness.

Objective

This study aimed to describe and evaluate an Internet-based DGBL program, Professor Gooley and the Flame of Mind, which promotes mental health to adolescents in a positive youth development approach. In particular, we investigated whether user engagement in the DGBL program could enhance their attainment on each of the learning constructs per DGBL module and subsequently enhance their mental health as measured by psychological well-being.

Methods

Users were assessed on their attainment on each learning construct, psychological well-being, and engagement in each of the modules. One structural equation model was constructed for each DGBL module to model the effect of users' engagement and attainment on the learning construct on their psychological well-being.

Results

Of the 498 secondary school students that registered and participated from the first module of the DGBL program, 192 completed all 8 modules of the program. Results from structural equation modeling suggested that a higher extent of engagement in the program activities facilitated users’ attainment on the learning constructs on most of the modules and in turn enhanced their psychological well-being after controlling for users’ initial psychological well-being and initial attainment on the constructs.

Conclusions

This study provided evidence that Internet intervention for mental health, implemented with the technologies and digital innovations of DGBL, could enhance youth mental health. Structural equation modeling is a promising approach in evaluating the effectiveness of DGBL programs.
Politica de educacion superior en Chile: entre la calidad, equidad e innovacion curricular
Authors: Leiva Guerrero María Verónica , Campbell Esquivel Juan Carlos
Published: October 2016

Esta é uma discussão sobre a realidade acadêmica do Chile a partir de 1981. A expansão e diversificação do nível de educação superior como produto da política pública do Chile a partir do ano 1981 do século XX, continua acentuada durante as últimas décadas nos 3 tipos de Instituições de Educação: universidade, institutos profissionais e os centros de formação técnica que se estruturam no denominado ´sistema superior´ a partir das profundas mudanças legislativas ocorridas no governo militar nos anos 80. O objetivo do debate apresentado é analisar essa política de educação superior discutindo a qualidade, a equidade e a inovação curricular nos três modelos de educação superior existentes no Chile. São Instituições de Educação Superior definidas como centros de excelência, orientadas a investigação, formação de professores; no nível intermediário estão nos institutos profissionais responsáveis pela formação profissional a nível superior e na base os centros de formação técnica, a cargo da formação técnica. O processo de expansão da educação superior no Chile tem tido 14% de jovens entre 18-24 anos no ano de 1990; 24% no ano de 2000 e 29% em 2010.
O curso de Letras como agência de letramento literário para estudantes ingressantes e concluintes
Authors: Martins Rita Pabst , Koerner Rosana Mara
Published: October 2016

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou verificar as atribuições que estudantes davam ao Curso de Letras no que se refere à questão do seu letramento literário, caracterizando-se (ou não) como agência de letramento. De abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa teve como procedimentos metodológicos um questionário de sondagem e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Dos 45 estudantes que responderam ao questionário foram selecionados 4 ingressantes e 4 concluintes para a realização da entrevista. Fundamentam essa pesquisa, especialmente, Cosson (2012) e Paulino (2010). Como principais resultados destacam-se a percepção de que o Curso de Letras não contribuiu para a germinação do gosto pela literatura, mas para o seu refinamento e para a ampliação do repertório. Também contribuiu para a decisão (ou não) pela docência. No que se refere ao desenvolvimento do gosto pela literatura, há indicações explícitas de ações de professores em particular, o que, no entanto, não é generalizado.
Assessment of the relationship between the molecular properties of calcium channel blockers and plasma protein binding data
Authors: Odovic Jadranka , Trbojevic Jovana , Trbojevic-Stankovic Jasna , Nesic Dejan , Jelic Ratomir
Published: October 2016

In this study we investigated the relationship between the calcium channel
blockers (CCBs), amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nifedipine,
nimodipine, nisoldipine, verapamil and diltiazem, and their calculated
molecular descriptors: polar surface area (PSA), molecular weight (Mw),
volume value (Vol), aqueous solubility data (logS), lipophilicity (logP),
acidity (pKa values) and plasma protein binding (PPB) data, obtained from
relevant literature. The relationships between the computed molecular
properties of selected CCBs and their PPB data were investigated by simple
linear regression analysis that revealed very low correlations (R2<0.35).
When multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis was applied to investigate
reliable correlations between the CCBs? calculated molecular descriptors and
PPB data, the best correlations were found for the relationships between
CCBs, and PPB data and lipophilicity, and with application of the molecular
descriptor (Mw, Vol, or pKa) data as additional independent variables
(R2=0.623; R2=0.741; R2=0.657, respectively), with an acceptable probability
value (P<0.05), confirming that lipophilicity, together with other molecular
properties, are essential for the drugs? PPB. We conclude that this could be
considered as an additional in vitro approach for modeling CCBs.
Language composition using source code annotations
Authors: Nosál’ Milan , Sulír Matús , Juhár Ján
Published: October 2016

In this paper we examine source code annotations from the viewpoint of formal
languages - we discuss their abstract syntax, concrete syntax, and semantics,
thus showing the correspondence between annotations and formal languages. We
propose to consider a set of all annotations and their parameters processed
by the same reference implementation (they belong to the same domain) to be
called an annotation-based language. The performed analysis also pinpoints a
specificity of annotations in comparison with formal languages in general -
the binding between annotations and a host language. We elaborate this idea
with an analysis of annotations? potential for language composition, in
particular for pure embedding. We then show how pure embedding with
annotations can be used for language unification, language referencing by
extension, and language extension. This work provides a basis for further
research in the field of source code annotations in the context of formal
languages.
Measuring the understandability of WSDL specifications, web service understanding degree approach and system
Authors: Berón Mario , Bernardis Hernán , Miranda Enrique , Riesco Daniel , Varanda-Pereira João , Henriques Rangel
Published: October 2016

Web Services (WS) are fundamental software artifacts for building service
oriented applications and they are usually reused by others. Therefore they
must be analyzed and comprehended for maintenance tasks: identification of
critical parts, bug fixing, adaptation and improvement. In this article,
WSDLUD a method aimed at measuring a priori the understanding degree (UD) of
WSDL (Web Service Description Language) descriptions is presented. In order
to compute UD several criteria useful to measure the understanding?s
complexity of WSDL descriptions must be defined. These criteria are used by
LSP (Logic Scoring of Preference), a multicriteria evaluation method, for
producing a Global Preference value that indicates the satisfaction level of
the WSDL description regarding the evaluation focus, in this case, the
understanding degree. All the criteria information required by LSP is
extracted from WSDL descriptions by using static analysis techniques and
processed by specific algorithms which allow gathering semantic information.
This process allows to obtain a priori information about the comprehension
difficulty which proves our research hypotheses that states that it is
possible to compute the understanding degree of a WSDL description.
Features as transformations: A generative approach to software development
Authors: Vranic Valentino , Táborský Roman
Published: October 2016

The objective of feature modeling is to foster software reuse by enabling to
explicitly and abstractly express commonality and variability in the domain.
Feature modeling is used to configure other models and, eventually, code.
These software assets are being configured by the feature model based on the
selection of variable features. However, selecting a feature is far from a
naive component based approach where feature inclusion would simply mean
including the corresponding component. More often than not, feature inclusion
affects several places in models or code to be configured requiring their
nontrivial adaptation. Thus, feature inclusion recalls transformation and
this is at heart of the approach to feature model driven generation of
software artifacts proposed in this paper. Features are viewed as
transformations that may be executed during the generative process conducted
by the feature model configuration. The generative process is distributed in
respective transformations enabling the developers to have a better control
over it. This approach can be applied to modularize changes in product
customization and to establish generative software product lines by gradual
refactoring of existing products.
Effect of high-energy ball milling on the electrical properties of NaTaO3 ceramic
Authors: Mahto Uttam , Roy Sumit , Amarnath Kumar , Prasad Kamal
Published: October 2016

In this work, the effect of high energy milling time on the structural and
electrical properties of NaTaO3 (NT) ceramics synthesized using standard
solid-state reaction method was investigated. X-ray diffraction studies
indicated that the unit cell structure for all samples is orthorhombic (space
group: Pnma). FTIR spectra also confirmed the formation of NT without any new
phase. The NT ceramics prepared with 10 h milled powder showed the formation
of small grain sizes (?1.2 ?m) which is beneficial for dielectric
applications in high density integrated devices. The NT ceramics prepared
with the 10 h milled powder exhibited superior dielectric properties, i.e.
enhancement in ?? value (from 290 to 1270) and reduction in tg ? (from 0.59
to 0.23) at 1 kHz compared to the ceramics prepared with the unmilled powder.
Impedance analysis indicated the negative temperature coefficient of
resistance (NTCR) character with non-Debye type of dielectric relaxation. The
correlated barrier hopping model successfully explains the mechanism of
charge transport in the present ceramic samples. The values of remnant
polarization and coercive field of the poled samples prepared with the
unmilled and 10 h milled powders were found to be 0.71 ?C/cm2 and 2.03 kV/cm
and 8.74 ?C/cm2 and 4.14 kV/cm, respectively. The field dependent
polarization studies at room temperature indicated that NT is a promising
lead-free electrostrictive material for industrial applications.
Effect of Nb doping on sintering and dielectric properties of PZT ceramics
Authors: Mirzaei Ali , Bonyani Maryam , Torkian Shahab
Published: October 2016

The extensive use of piezoelectric ceramics such as lead zirconate titanate
(PZT) in different applications became possible with the development of donor
or acceptor dopants. Therefore, studies on the effect of dopants on the
properties of PZT ceramics are highly demanded. In this study undoped and
2.4mol% Nb-doped PZT (PZTN) powders were successfully obtained by a
solid-state reaction and calcination at 850?C for 2h. Crystallinity and
phase formation of the prepared powders were studied using X-ray diffraction
(XRD). In order to study morphology of powders, scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) was performed. The crystalline PZT and Nb-doped PZT powders were
pelleted into discs and sintered at 1100, 1150 and 1200?C, with a heating
rate of 10?C/min, and holding time of 1-6 h to find the optimum combination
of temperature and time to produce high density ceramics. Microstructural
characterization was conducted on the fractured ceramic surfaces using SEM.
Density measurements showed that maximal density of 95% of the theoretical
density was achieved after sintering of PZT and PZTN ceramics at 1200?C for 2
h and 4 h, respectively. However, the results of dielectric measurements
showed that PZTN ceramics have higher relative permittivity (?r ~17960) with
lower Curie temperature (~358?C) relative to PZT (?r = 16000 at ~363?C) as a
result of fine PZTN structure as well as presence of vacancies. In addition,
dielectric loss (at 1 kHz) of PZT and PZTN ceramics with 95% theoretical
density was 0.0087 and 0.02, respectively. The higher dielectric loss in PZTN
was due to easier domain wall motions in PZTN ceramics.
Structure and electric properties of cerium substituted SrBi1.8Ce0.2Nb2O9 and SrBi1.8Ce0.2Ta2O9 ceramics
Authors: Afqir Mohamed , Tachafine Amina , Fasquelle Didier , Elaatmani Mohamed , Carru Jean-Claude , Zegzouti Abdelouahad , Daoud Mohamed
Published: October 2016

SrBi1.8Ce0.2Nb2O9 (SBCN) and SrBi1.8Ce0.2Ta2O9 (SBCT) powders were prepared
via solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the
SBCN and SBCT powders have the single phase orthorhom-bic Aurivillius
structure at room temperature. The contribution of Raman scattering and FTIR
spectroscopy of these samples were relatively smooth and resemble each other.
The calcined powders were uniaxially pressed and sintered at 1250?C for 8 h
to obtaine dense ceramics. Dielectric constant, loss tangent and AC
conductivity of the sintered Ce-doped SrBi2Nb2O9 and SrBi2Ta2O9 ceramics were
measured by LCR meter. The Ce-doped SBN (SBCN) ceramics have a higher Curie
temperature (TC) and dielectric constant at TC (380?C and ?? ~3510) compared
to the Ce-doped SBT (SBCT) ceramics (330?C and ?? ~115) when measured at
100Hz. However, the Ce-doped SBT (SBCT) ceramics have lower conductivity and
dielectric loss.
Linguistic Tone of Municipal Management Discussion and Analysis Disclosures and Future Financial Reporting Delays
Authors: Rich Kevin T. , Roberts Brent L. , Zhang Jean X.
Published: October 2016

We investigate relations between the textual content of municipal Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) disclosures and future financial reporting. Specifically, we examine the linguistic tone of municipal MD&A disclosures and future financial reporting delays as a proxy for financial reporting quality. Using a sample of 362 municipal MD&A disclosures in fiscal year-end 2011, our empirical analysis suggests that the fraction of positive to total words in municipal MD&A disclosures is associated with timelier financial reporting in the following year after controlling for current report timing and other municipality and governance factors. We interpret our results to suggest that positive language in municipal MD&A disclosures is a signal of confidence in financial reporting quality, indicating that MD&A text contains relevant information in forecasting the quality of future financial reporting for local governments.

JEL Classifications: G34; H55; H72.
Commentary on: Thoughts on the Divide between Theoretical and Empirical Research in Accounting
Authors: Caskey Judson , Corona Carlos
Published: October 2016

This paper provides our comments on Chen, Gerakos, Glode, and Taylor's (2016) panel session held at the 2015 Junior Accounting Theory Conference on the relation between theoretical and empirical research in accounting. Consistent with a declining fraction of theory papers in accounting journals, we show that the number of accounting theorists has been stable since the 2001–2005 period, while the rest of the field has grown. We offer our perspectives on how the knowledge generated by accounting researchers depends on a healthy interaction between theory and empirical work. We also comment on and add to Chen et al.'s (2016) discussion of how to improve the links between theoretical and empirical work.
Resveratrol as Add-on Therapy in Subjects With Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Timmers Silvie , de Ligt Marlies , Phielix Esther , van de Weijer Tineke , Hansen Jan , Moonen-Kornips Esther , Schaart Gert , Kunz Iris , Hesselink Matthijs K.C. , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Schrauwen Patrick
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether resveratrol supplementation can improve insulin sensitivity and promote overall metabolic health on top of standard diabetes care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Seventeen subjects with well-controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) were treated with placebo and 150 mg/day resveratrol (resVida) in a randomized double-blind crossover study for 30 days. The main outcome measure was insulin sensitivity by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique.

RESULTS

Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity were not affected by resveratrol treatment. Intrahepatic lipid content also remained unaffected by resveratrol; however, the change in intrahepatic lipid content correlated negatively with plasma resveratrol levels (R = −0.68, P = 0.03). Intramyocellular lipid content increased in type 2 muscle fibers (P = 0.03), and systolic blood pressure tended to decrease (P = 0.09) upon resveratrol treatment. In addition, resveratrol significantly improved ex vivo mitochondrial function (state 3 and state U respiration upon malate with octanoyl-carnitine, P < 0.005). Intriguingly, a correlation was found between plasma levels of a metabolite of resveratrol (dihydroresveratrol) and the metformin dose used by the patients (R = 0.66, P = 0.005), suggesting an interaction between metformin and resveratrol. It could be speculated that the lack of a resveratrol-induced insulin-sensitizing effect is caused by this interaction.

CONCLUSIONS

Resveratrol supplementation does not improve hepatic or peripheral insulin sensitivity. Our results question the generalized value of resveratrol as an add-on therapy in the treatment of T2D and emphasize the need to perform studies in drug-naive patients with T2D or subjects with prediabetes.
Dopa-Responsive Balance Changes Depend on Use of Internal Versus External Attentional Focus in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Beck Eric N. , Almeida Quincy J.
Published: October 2016

Background

Parkinson disease (PD) impairs control of well-learned movements. Movement control improvements are found when individuals complete tasks while focusing attention externally on manipulating an object, which is argued to occur due to automatic processing associated with well-learned movements. Focusing attention internally (on movements of one's limbs) is believed to involve conscious control networks and hinders movement performance. Previous work has shown that an external focus of attention (EFA) improved postural stability in individuals with PD (compared with an internal focus of attention [IFA]), but this improvement occurred when patients were taking dopamine medication, which modulates basal ganglia functioning responsible for well-learned movements.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an EFA or IFA is beneficial for postural stability in individuals with PD in the absence of dopamine replacement.

Design

A within-participant design was utilized.

Methods

Nineteen individuals with PD stood on a firm, unstable platform in 3 attentional conditions: (1) EFA, (2) IFA, and (3) control (participant asked to stand still). Displacement and variability of anterior-posterior and medial-lateral postural sway were measured with a balance system for fall risk assessment. The protocol was completed both “on” and “off” (mininum 12-hour withdrawal of) dopaminergic medications.

Results

While off medications, anterior-posterior sway variability was significantly lower during an IFA compared with the EFA and control. Anterior-posterior sway displacement and variability were significantly lower during the IFA, when off medications were compared with IFA and EFA while on medications.

Limitations

There was no comparison with a healthy age-matched control group, and a safety harness was used due to task difficulty.

Conclusions

An EFA may recruit automatic processes that involve degenerated basal ganglia in PD, and absence of dopamine exacerbates dysfunction. Training with an EFA may improve upon these automatic processes in individuals with PD.
Chinese Humanities and Social Sciences Scholars' Language Choices in International Scholarly Publishing: A Ten-Year Survey
Authors: Zheng Yongyan , Gao Andy Xuesong
Published: October 2016

International scholarly publishing is a multifaceted and interconnected activity around the globe. This paper critically examines the linguistic facet of scholarly publication as a global phenomenon. We investigated the distribution of languages in the Social Sciences Citation Index and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index lists to determine Chinese humanities and social sciences scholars' choice of language as recorded in the Web of Science when publishing in selected disciplines. Covering a ten-year period from 2005 to 2014, the findings show that English was by far the most preferred language. Although other languages have a presence in the two key lists, Asian languages were conspicuously absent. Chinese scholars' language preferences have been almost exclusively confined to English and Chinese, and they have limited multilingual abilities for scholarly publication. The findings are discussed in relation to equity and multidirectionality in international scholarly publishing.
Evaluation of Training Interventions to Mitigate Effects of Fatigue and Sleepiness on Driving Performance
Authors: Hamid Malek , Samuel Siby , Borowsky Avinoam , Horrey William J. , Fisher Donald L.
Published: October 2016

Fatigue and sleepiness are leading contributors to road crashes. Either can occur in the evening, sometime around 10:00 p.m., after a day that begins in the morning, sometime around 8:00 a.m. Other factors contribute as well to performance decrements in the evening for those who regularly work during the day. It is arguably the case that these various factors are responsible for the observed decrements in safety-critical driving skills, such as hazard anticipation, hazard mitigation, and attention maintenance, which occur in the evening. However, it is by no means clear whether a training program can be designed to mitigate the effects that such factors have on these critical driving skills. A simulator experiment was undertaken to determine whether a training program [sleepiness and fatigue evaluation training (SAFE-T)] could lead to improvements in the hazard anticipation, hazard mitigation, and attention maintenance skills of drivers who had been awake for 12 h. The results showed that for all three skills trained drivers performed significantly better during the posttest (after SAFE-T) than the pretest (before SAFE-T), whereas the placebo drivers performed significantly worse during the posttest than the pretest. Fatigue and sleepiness both increased during the posttest from their pretest values. Thus the effects of training are still observed even in the presence of increases in fatigue and sleepiness.
Finite Element Approach to Identify the Potential of Improved Heavy-Truck Crashworthiness and Occupant Protection in Frontal Impacts
Authors: Silvestri Dobrovolny Chiara , Schulz Nathan , Blower Daniel
Published: October 2016

Interior crash protection has not yet received adequate attention for heavy trucks, as such protection did for automobiles. The goal of this pilot project was to determine the nature of truck crashes that would remain after full deployment of advanced collision avoidance technologies and to assess the crashes with respect to truck driver injury and prevention. Heavy-truck occupant safety was analyzed according to injury pattern and severity to help identify and characterize heavy-truck crashes to define opportunities for improved truck crashworthiness and reduce truck driver fatalities and injuries. A finite element (FE) model combining heavy-truck cabin structure, interior components, dummy, and passive restraint systems was developed to simulate a head-on crash into a rigid barrier at 35 mph, the impact conditions used with the NHTSA new car assessment program test. This crash also represented an impact condition that was overrepresented in real-world crash data and for which there was room for improvement in occupant safety. A full FE tractor semitrailer model was employed to collect the crash pulse resulting on the truck cab as outcome of the computer simulation, which was then applied to defined locations of the FE cab model. Acceleration data were collected from impact of different parts of the dummy with interior components of the occupant compartment to assist in the calculation of body injury levels. The researchers developed a comparative risk study to evaluate the effectiveness of passive safety restraints, which would lead to preliminary guidance on the effectiveness of the use of such occupant injury mitigation systems.
Framework to Improve the Pavement ME Design Unbound Aggregate Rutting Model by Using Field Data
Authors: Xiao Yuanjie , Mishra Debakanta , Tutumluer Erol
Published: October 2016

The AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design and the Guide for Mechanistic–Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures provide a methodology for analyzing response and predicting rutting performance of unbound granular pavement layers. However, this methodology has been reported to have low sensitivity to the properties of the base and subbase and the subgrade. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a framework for improving the prediction ability of the Pavement ME Design rutting model for unbound aggregate pavement layers. This goal was achieved by using accelerated testing data from full-scale pavement test sections constructed with different aggregate materials. These test sections were loaded to failure by using the accelerated transportation loading assembly at the University of Illinois. Nonlinear finite element solutions of the pavement test sections were studied so that stress-dependent modulus characterization models could be used for the anisotropic unbound aggregate base and isotropic subgrade. This approach enabled prediction of realistic stress states and accurate pavement responses. Realistic stress states and the use of a shear stress ratio concept were incorporated into the proposed framework needed to improve the rutting predictions of the Pavement ME Design damage model. Finally, a definite correlation appeared to exist between shear stress ratio values and the shift factors that were proposed for the adjustment of the model’s predicted rut depths so they would match the field-measured performance trends. The framework studied in this paper is applicable to the three-parameter Tseng–Lytton rutting model, the original version of the Pavement ME Design damage model, for the modifications needed to generate improved granular layer rut predictions throughout pavement design service life.
Assessment of Pavement Damage from Bus Rapid Transit: Case Study for Nevada
Authors: Hajj Elie Y. , Batioja-Alvarez Dario , Siddharthan Raj
Published: October 2016

This study presents the determination of rutting and fatigue-based load equivalency factors (LEFs) for the bus rapid transit (BRT) buses operating in northern and southern Nevada. The methodology presented in this study was based on performance models calibrated to local material, traffic, and environmental conditions. The objectives of this study were accomplished by obtaining pavement responses corresponding to all cases of bus loading and climatic conditions by using the three-dimensional Move software, Version 2.1. The critical pavement responses were then used to estimate the LEFs for the various BRT vehicles. In the assessment of pavement damage, simplified and extended methodologies were developed. The interaction between pavement temperature and axle loading for both northern and southern Nevada BRT buses was considered in the extended method, which considered seasonal distributions of pavement temperature and bus passenger ridership to determine LEFs. In the simplified method, pavement responses from a single combination of the analysis temperature with either the average ridership loading or gross axle weight rating were considered. Results showed that pavement damage from BRT buses in Nevada was significantly influenced by variability in climatic conditions and passenger ridership. Of the two distress types evaluated in this case study, fatigue-based LEFs occurred at a significantly higher rate than rutting-based LEFs. Thus, for a given pavement structure, more fatigue damage is anticipated under the passage of a BRT bus.
Reverberation index: a novel metric by which to quantify the impact of a scientific entity on a given field
Authors: Kathleen Bandt S. , Dacey Ralph G.
Published: October 2016

The authors propose a novel bibilometric index, the reverberation index (r-index), as a comparative assessment tool for use in determining differential reverberation between scientific fields for a given scientific entity. Conversely, this may allow comparison of 2 similar scientific entities within a single scientific field. This index is calculated using a relatively simple 3-step process.

Briefly, Thompson Reuters' Web of Science is used to produce a citation report for a unique search parameter (this may be an author, journal article, or topical key word). From this citation report, a list of citing journals is retrieved from which a weighted ratio of citation patterns across journals can be calculated. This r-index is then used to compare the reverberation of the original search parameter across different fields of study or wherever a comparison is required.

The advantage of this novel tool is its ability to transcend a specific component of the scientific process. This affords application to a diverse range of entities, including an author, a journal article, or a topical key word, for effective comparison of that entity's reverberation within a scientific arena. The authors introduce the context for and applications of the r-index, emphasizing neurosurgical topics and journals for illustration purposes. It should be kept in mind, however, that the r-index is readily applicable across all fields of study.
The impact of several craniotomies on transcranial motor evoked potential monitoring during neurosurgery
Authors: Tomio Ryosuke , Akiyama Takenori , Toda Masahiro , Ohira Takayuki , Yoshida Kazunari
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

Transcranial motor evoked potential (tMEP) monitoring is popular in neurosurgery; however, the accuracy of tMEP can be impaired by craniotomy. Each craniotomy procedure and changes in the CSF levels affects the current spread. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of several craniotomies on tMEP monitoring by using C3–4 transcranial electrical stimulation (TES).

METHODS

The authors used the finite element method to visualize the electric field in the brain, which was generated by TES, using realistic 3D head models developed from T1-weighted MR images. Surfaces of 5 layers of the head (brain, CSF, skull, subcutaneous fat, and skin layer) were separated as accurately as possible. The authors created 5 models of the head, as follows: normal head; frontotemporal craniotomy; parietal craniotomy; temporal craniotomy; and occipital craniotomy. The computer simulation was investigated by finite element methods, and clinical recordings of the stimulation threshold level of upper-extremity tMEP (UE-tMEP) during neurosurgery were also studied in 30 patients to validate the simulation study.

RESULTS

Bone removal during the craniotomy positively affected the generation of the electric field in the motor cortex if the motor cortex was just under the bone at the margin of the craniotomy window. This finding from the authors' simulation study was consistent with clinical reports of frontotemporal craniotomy cases. A major decrease in CSF levels during an operation had a significantly negative impact on the electric field when the motor cortex was exposed to air. The CSF surface level during neurosurgery depends on the body position and location of the craniotomy. The parietal craniotomy and temporal craniotomy were susceptible to the effect of the changing CSF level, based on the simulation study. A marked increase in the threshold following a decrease in CSF was actually recorded in clinical reports of the UE-tMEP threshold from a temporal craniotomy. However, most frontotemporal craniotomy cases were minimally affected by a small decrease in CSF.

CONCLUSIONS

Bone removal during a craniotomy positively affects the generation of the electric field in the motor cortex if the motor cortex is just under the bone at the margin of the craniotomy window. The CSF decrease and the shifting brain can negatively affect tMEP ignition. These changes should be minimized to maintain the original conductivity between the motor cortex and the skull, and the operation team must remember the fluctuation of the tMEP threshold.