bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Business Plan pada UMKM di Desa Koto Rendah Kecamatan Siulak Kabupaten Kerinci
Authors: Musnaini Musnaini , Wediawati Besse , Adriani Zulfina , Ratnawati Rts , Elliyana Dessy
Published: December 2020

Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) yang berada di Desa Koto rendah, Kecamatan Siulak, Kabupaten Kerinci adalah bentuk Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) dari ibu-ibu rumah tangga yang mempunyai usaha bisnis dalam kuliner, pembibitan, pengolahan hasil pertanian dan perkebunan sekitar yang mereka miliki maupun penduduk setempat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mengenai kemampuan untuk melakukan perencanaan bisnis (Business Plan). Selain itu, untuk memberikan peningkatan keterampilan dalam merencanakan bisnis menggunakan bisnis model. Metode yang akan digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah dengan pelatihan dan pendampingan membuat rencana bisnis dalam lembar kerja bisnis model canvas.Kata Kunci : UMKM, KUBE Business PlanABSTRACTSmall and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) located in Koto low Village, Siulak Sub-District, Kerinci Regency is a form of Joint Venture Group (KUBE) of housewives who have business ventures in culinary, nursery, processing of agricultural products and plantations. This devotional activity is to improve knowledge and skills regarding the ability to making a Business Plan. In addition, to provide improved skills in businesses plan using business models. The method that will be used to achieve that goal is by training and mentoring business plans in canvas model business worksheets.Kata Kunci : UMKM, KUBE Business Plan
Pengenalan Zat Aditif Pada Makanan Jajanan Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Kesehatan di SMP Negeri 6 Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin , Azwir Azwir , Akmal Nurul , Ridhwan Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Pola penambahan bahan pengawet makanan atau zat aditif yang tidak sesuai takaran kesehtan akan menyebabkan bermacam persolaan untuk kesehatan siswa atau masyarakat antara lain keracunan, alergi, gangguan pernafasan atau terjadi musibah kematian. Upaya kita dalam mengurangi kesan negatif yang disebabkan oleh pemakaian zat tambahan untuk pengawet makanan, perlu dilakukan literasi terhadap masyarakat atau siswa dengan bantuan pihak kampus. Siswa-siswi SMP Negeri 6 Banda Aceh sangat banyak yang menggunakan kue, cemilan atau mie instan sebagai sarapan pagi yang dijual pada kantin sekitar sekolah. Kondisi ini telah berjalan dalam tempo yang lama tetapi tanpa edukasi dari pihak-pihak sekolah, pemerintah atau ormas lain yang peduli terhadap kesehatan warga, begitu juga pemahaman dari masyarakat yang berbisnis dalam sektor ini. Ada beberapa keluhan dari warga atas banyaknya zat aditif dalam makanan atau pengawet yang digunakan oleh pembuat kue dapat merusak kesehatan siswa. Dari hasil survei kami ada sekiatr 80% siswa mengeluh setelah lama mengkonsumsi makanan jajanan sekitar sekolah tetapi mereka tidak mengetahui secara pasti jenis makanan yang mana. Ada kesan positif bahwa iswa paham akan informasi atas pilihan jajanan yang tanpa pengawet atau zat aditif yang mengandungi bahan berbahaya untuk kesehatan. Kata kunci: Makanan jajanan, zat aditif, kesehatan, siswa SMP
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Menentukan Prioritas Tujuan Wisata Daerah pada Kabupaten Karo Menggunakan TOPSIS
Authors: Gurusinga Jimmi Herdianda , Sinaga Bosker
Published: December 2020

There are approximately 20 tourist objects in the Karo Regency area that are close to each other, such as Gundaling Hill, Lumbini Nature Park, Fun Land Mickey Holiday and other places. Priority for visiting tourist areas really needs to be determined for time and cost efficiency and so that visitors can reach other tourist attractions around Tanah Karo. The problem in this research is designing a Decision Support System to determine the priority of regional tourist destinations in Karo Regency using the TOPSIS method. Determination of the weight of each criterion obtained from processing the interview data. The weight of the criteria to determine the preferred criteria. The greater the weight, the more priority. Weights for each criteria for determining priority destination of tourist attractions, Distance from Berastagi (weight 30%), Facilities and Facilities (weight 15%), Access (15%), Type of Tourism (weight 20%), Entrance Fee (Weight 15%), Culinary (weight 5%), and internet network (5%).
Sistem Pakar Mendiagnosa Gizi Buruk Pada Balita Menggunakan Teorema Bayes
Authors: Noviani Ratna , Sulindawaty Sulindawaty
Published: December 2020

The development of information and communication technology is increasingly developing following the development of human civilization to date. Technological developments have also penetrated into the health sector that is able to process and think like humans, namely Artificial Intelligence technology. Artificial intelligence is divided into several fields of science, one of which is expert systems. One system that experts use is to diagnose malnutrition in toddlers. In the Expert System Utilization diagnose malnutrition in toddlers using the appropriate Bayes theorem to be applied to this problem. With this expert system, it can make it easier for the community or Pagar Merbau health center agency to make decisions through alternatives and criteria obtained from information or data managers. The accuracy value for the accuracy of manual calculations and calculations in expert systems to diagnose malnutrition in toddlers using the Bayes theorem has an accuracy of 99%. In this study, there were 5 names of malnutrition in toddlers and 25 names of malnutrition in toddlers.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Tentor Terbaik Dengan Metode Technique For Order Preference By Similarity To Ideal Solution (Topsis)
Authors: Situmorang Larisma , Sagala Jijon Raphita
Published: December 2020

Abstrak— Tentor adalah Sumber daya manusia yang merupakan bagian yang sangat terpenting bagi tumbuh kembangnya sebuah Bimbingan Belajar. Bimbingan Belajar yang berkembang dengan baik sangatlah  dipengaruhi oleh kualitas sumber daya manusia, yang dalam hal ini adalah tentor  yang bekerja di dalam sebuah Bimbingan Belajar tersebut. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan pemilihan tentor terbaik menggunakan Metode sistem Keputusan Pemilihan Tentor Terbaik di Bimbingan Manna adalah Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Sistem Pendukung Keputusan yang dibangun  dapat membantu serta memudahkan pihak bimbingan belajar manna terutama ketua dalam mengambil sebuah keputusan pemilihan tentor terbaik yang dirancang dengan aplikasi berbasis website dan dengan database phpmyadmin. Form  nilai matrik adalah form yang paling penting, karena didalam form  ini dilakukan perhitungan dengan langkah-langkah perhitungan metode Topsis mulai dari awal, Nilai Matrik, Nilai Matrik Normalisasi, Nilai Bobot Normalisasi, Matrik Ideal Positif/Negatif, Jarak Solusi Ideal Positif/Negatif, Nilai Preferensi.
Penerapan Data Mining Untuk Prediksi Penjualan Mobil Menggunakan Metode K-Means Clustering
Authors: Butsianto Sufajar , Mayangwulan Nindi Tya
Published: December 2020

Penggunaan mobil di Indonesia setiap tahunnya selalu meningkat dan membuat perusahaan otomotif berlomba-lomba dalam peningkatan penjualannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengelompokan data penjualan kedalam sebuah cluster dengan metode Data Mining Algoritma K-Means Clustering. Data Penjualan nantinya akan dikelompokan berdasarkan kemiripan data tersebut sehingga data dengan karakteristik yang sama akan berada dalam satu cluster. Atribut yang digunakan adalah brand dan penjualan. Cluster yang terbentuk setelah dilakukan proses K-Means Clustering terbagi menjadi tiga cluster yaitu Cluster 0 jumlah anggota 235 dengan presentase 26% dikategorikan Laris, Cluster 1 jumlah anggota 604 dengan presentase 67% dikategorikan Kurang Laris, dan Cluster 2 jumlah angota 61 dengan presentase 7% dikategorikan Paling Laris, dari proses clustering diatas dapat diperoleh validasi DBI (Davies Bouldin Index) dengan nilai 0,341
Upaya Meningkatkan Aktivitas Dan Hasil Belajar Kimia Pada Ma-teri Kesetimbangan Kimia Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) siswa kelas XI-IA 5 SMA Negeri 4 Banda Aceh
Authors: Sukmawati Trikadar
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to increase the activity and learning outcomes of chemistry on chemical equilibrium. The model used in this study is the Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) learning model. The sub-jects of this study were students of class XI-IA 5 SMA Negeri 4 Banda Aceh with a total of 33 students consisting of 12 male students and 21 female students. This research was conducted in the 2018/2019 Academic Year in a period of 3 months, from September 2018 to November 2018 in the odd semester. This type of research is Classroom Action Research which consists of two cycles and each cycle con-sists of two meetings. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The data collection technique is to collect test scores that are carried out at the end of each lesson in each cycle using a question instrument (written test). Observation data was carried out by looking at the activeness of students in the learning process. Data were analyzed by means of percentage statistics. The results showed that there was an increase in the completeness of student learning outcomes from 39.33% in the pre-study increased to 66.67% in the first cycle and increased to 81.82% in the second cycle. Student learning activities have increased from sufficient to good categories and good categories have increased to be very good. The application of the Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) learning model can increase the activity and learning outcomes of chemistry in the chemical equilibrium material of class XI-IA 5 SMA Negeri 4 Banda Aceh for the 2018/2019 academic year.
Meningkatkan Disiplin Guru Dalam Waktu Kehadiran Dan Melaksanakan Pembelajaran Melalui Penerapan Reward Dan Punishment Di SMP Negeri 1 Batu Hampar
Authors: Lasmani Lasmani
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to improve teacher discipline, namely time attendance and time to carry out learning. This study consisted of two cycles where each cycle consisted of four activity stages, namely the action plan stage, the action implementation stage, the observation stage and the reflection stage. The results showed that there was a very significant increase in teacher time discipline through the application of Reward and Punishment. In the category of teacher attendance at school, in the pre-cycle it was only 29.41% but in the second cycle it increased to 88.24%. For the category of carrying out learning activities, it also increased from 41.18% in the pre-cycle to 100% in the second cycle. Like wise for the category of ending learning, where in the pre-cycle it only reached 17.65%, it increased to 94.12%.
Effect of Tofu Dregs Flour Substitution and Tongkol Fish (Euthynnus affinis) on Patty Burger Quality
Authors: Daiyan Muhammad , Rahmiati Tengku Mia , Amin Amri
Published: December 2020

Tongkol fish and tofu dregs have protein that can replace as a beef so that they can be used as a filling for burgers. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) 2 factorial that used was the addition of cob fish = 150 grams, 200 grams and 250 grams and the addition of tofu dregs flour = 40 grams, 60 grams and 80 grams. The best treatment chosen for the results of this study was the quality burger patty with chemical properties of 78.95% water content, 3.38% ash content, content protein 16.54%,  color organoleptic test 4.06 (likes), taste 4.00 (likes), texture 3.98 (likes), hedonic color  test 4.13 (brownish red), aroma 4.18 (moderate) , texture 3.90 (soft) and unpleasant aroma 3.15 (moderate).
АНАЛІЗ ПОНЯТІЙНО-КАТЕГОРІАЛЬНОГО АПАРАТУ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ У СФЕРІ ДИПЛОМАТИЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН
Authors: Маджет Хассун Мухамед Абдель
Published: December 2020

визначено, що, на сучасному етапі розвитку державного управління у сфері дипломатичних відносин, важливим аспектом дослідження є аналіз науково-теоретичних основ механізмів державного управління цього напряму: дефініцій термінів «державна політика», «механізм державного управління», «дипломатія», «дипломатичні відносини» та інших з цим пов’язаних визначень, що дозволить збільшити результативність діяльності системи державного управління, у цілому. Обгрунтовано, що державна політика комплексно характеризує діяльність держави у відповідній сфері, визначає стратегічні цілі та завдання влади, а розв’язання конкретних громадських проблемних питань є однією з її частин.
Відмічено, що головним засобом впровадження державно-виконавчої влади є саме механізм управління нею. Одночасно, будучи єдиним комплексом окремих елементів соціуму у їх органічному взаємозв’язку, а, також, поєднанням певних процесів та закономірностей, суб’єкт цього механізму визначає інтереси та потреби суспільного розвитку, утверджує рішення та дії, на цій основі, і, нарешті, впроваджує у життя рішення відповідних проблем, зважаючи на державно-владний контекст.
Обгрунтовано, що у ракурсі системної концепції, механізм державного управління включає взаємозв’язки між її суб’єктом і об’єктом управління, забезпечує здійснення функцій держави у рамках законодавчо закріпленої сфери державно-управлінського впливу та сприяє цілісності системи державного адміністрування. Зроблено висновок про те, що в енциклопедичних визначеннях дипломатія використовується як синонім зовнішньої політики держави. Отже, поняття дипломатичної діяльності ототожнюється з поняттям зовнішньої політики. Однак, така точка зору не досить детально розкриває зміст терміну та є не цілком коректною. Адже визначення дипломатії є набагато вужчим, аніж визначення зовнішньої політики і є, скоріше, однією зі складових зовнішньої політики, засобом її здійснення, що встановлює взаємозв’язки між суб’єктами зовнішньополітичних зносин.
The suffering of a victim of child sexual abuse
Authors: Daud Norhidayah , Abd Ghani Faizah
Published: December 2020

Stressful early life experiences may cause traumatic experience across the lifespan. The aim of this study was to explore a CSA female victim’s lived-experience. Interviews were conducted with this 13-year-old girl, N, using a case study approach. N was still a young child (seven years old) when her uncle started to rape her, and when she was 10 years old, her father raped her. Since her childhood, she has experienced complex and widespread consequences such as vaginal and abdominal pain, shivering, sleeping problems, digestive problems, back problems, emotional and cognitive problems such as she was thinking to commit suicide, scared that her uncle and father will come to her, dissociation, study problems and isolation. N’s situation, might reflect similar problems in other female CSA victims.
Application of Distributed Electricity Generation Systems in Agricultural Greenhouses
Authors: Vourdoubas John
Published: December 2020

Use of distributed electricity generation systems is currently increasing due to their economic and environmental benefits. Agricultural greenhouses require heat and electricity for covering their energy needs while their annual energy requirements vary significantly. Aim of the current work is the investigation of applying various distributed electricity generation systems in greenhouses. A review of different distributed generation systems currently used in various sectors as well as in greenhouses has been implemented. Various technologies are examined utilizing either renewable energies or fossil fuels in very efficient energy systems. Most of them are mature and cost-effective having lower environmental impacts compared with traditional centralized electricity generation technologies. Their use in greenhouses results in many benefits including the creation of an additional income for the farmer, reduction of carbon emissions into the atmosphere and increasing stability of the electric grid. It is suggested that distributed electricity generation systems should be used more in greenhouses when the necessary conditions are favorable.
Engaging with Diversity and Complexity using Collaborative Approaches to Decision Making
Authors: Samuelson Marissa , Trede Franziska , Higgs Joy
Published: December 2020

A key challenge in contemporary dietetic practice is making collaborative decisions about dietary behaviours with a diverse range of patients. Contemporary decision making frameworks for clinical dietetic practice give value to working in a collaborative manner with patients, however, there remains uncertainty with regards to how and when dietitians might apply this approach in their practice.In this doctoral research project, Author 1 used a philosophical hermeneutic approach to deepen understanding of a collaborative approach to decision making in dietetic practice. She also explored the core capabilities required to enact such an approach in early career dietetic practice. The experiences and perceptions of patients and dietitians were explored using in depth interviews and individualized reflective practice activities.The findings suggest that collaborative decision making in dietetic practice is situational and requires the development of a caring and trusting professional relationship to be effective. Other core capabilities needed to enact this approach relate to developing self awareness, establishing an open and transparent dialogue, identifying and exploring common ground and finding the time to think and talk.The final product of the research, the Interpretive Engagement Model of Collaborative Decision Making (Author 1, 2013), can be used as a framework to help practitioners to reflect on their decision making practice.Early exposure in tertiary education to critical dialogues and questioning current practices will cultivate early career dietitians’ capabilities to develop their collaborative decision making practice in future.
Toward a critical dietetics in the Nordic countries
Authors: Neuman Nicklas , Lövestam Elin
Published: December 2020

Whereas critical dietetics is still primarily centered on the Anglo-American countries, the movement has recently come to develop in the Nordic countries as well. On the 25th of August 2017, the first conference for critical dietetics in Scandinavia was held at Uppsala University, Sweden, and, following this, a network has been established: the Nordic Network for Critical Dietetics (NNCD). This paper is yet another step in this internationalization of critical dietetics. We discuss why we think that the Nordic countries have great potential to develop critical dietetics into an influential part of the future development of this promising international movement. We then explore three cases from a Nordic context that we see as touching upon, or being relevant for, critical dietetics. These are thematized as “Challenges to individualism and cognitivism in behavioral change policies,” “Working against stigmatization of obesity and ‘bad’ lifestyles,” and “Trust and recognition: challenges to the professions.” Each case is illustrated by a few examples of Nordic research and current public debates and campaigns from Sweden. The main argument is that the Nordic region already has a soil in which seeds of critical dietetics have been sown; it is time for them to grow.
Barriers for people of color to RD in the US
Authors: White Jill
Published: December 2020

The Healthy People 2010 objective of eliminating health disparities was prompted by the  Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Unequal Treatment; Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care . The report documented racial inequities within the U.S. health care delivery system, including differential treatment on the basis of race demonstrated by health care practitioners.  Recommendation 5-3 was to Increase the proportion of underrepresented U.S. racial and ethnic minorities among health professionals .Between 2002 and 2008 the number of people of color entering undergraduate Nutrition programs increased by 67 %,  while the number admitted to internships decreased by 11% . Of particular concern is the 58% decrease in African American's admitted into dietetic internships over the past decade.   This paper is a discussion of barriers to RD that have been identified by African Americans in five studies, in hopes of shedding light on how to address and reverse this trend.
Preparing Teachers to Teach the Language of History
Authors: Garrone-Shufran Stephanie
Published: December 2020

The preparation of history teachers has not traditionally included a focus on teaching the language of history. However, in order to think like historians, students in middle and high school history classrooms must learn to read and write like historians. This article describes how two preservice history teachers identified and taught language in fieldwork placements. Their experiences illustrate the challenges that history teachers face in incorporating meaningful language instruction. The findings suggest that training preservice and in-service teachers to identify and teach the language of history would be necessary to ensure that language instruction is implemented in history classrooms.
CORRIDA DE RUA E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS PRATICANTES
Authors: Telles Roth Bruna Vanessa , Rossato Vania Mari , De Rosso Krug Rodrigo , De Rosso Krug Marilia
Published: December 2020

Os grupos de corrida são uma opção para indivíduos que buscam uma atividade física ao ar livre, conhecer pessoas, melhorar a qualidade de vida, a resistência e a força, além de ser uma modalidade de baixo custo. Dessa forma, e considerando que os grupos de corrida vêm aumentando progressivamente na região, buscou-se com esse estudo analisar o perfil, os objetivos e a percepção da importância da corrida para participantes de um grupo de corrida de rua da cidade de Cruz Alta-RS. Participaram deste estudo quantitativo do tipo estudo de caso 30 integrantes do referido grupo. Para avaliar a percepção da importância com a prática da corrida de rua foi utilizado uma versão traduzida e adaptada da escala original, desenvolvida pela San Diego State University (EUA). Para interpretação das informações foi utilizada a estatística inferencial. Os participantes eram, na maioria, do sexo feminino (56,6%), casados (46,6%) frequentadores do grupo a menos de um ano (56,6%), com frequência média de treino duas vezes na semana (53%). O principal objetivo com a prática da modalidade foi a melhora da saúde (55%). A maioria (92%) percebia a corrida como extremamente importante ou muito importante, com destaque para a saúde (93%) seguida de redução da ansiedade (73%), controle do estresse (71%), redução do peso corporal (70%), melhora do humor (70%), redução da depressão (67%) e qualidade do sono (67%). Os resultados do presente estudo permitem concluir que os participantes do grupo de corrida de rua da cidade de Cruz Alta–RS, eram, na maioria, mulheres com o obejtivo de melhorar a saúde e percebiam a corrida como extremamente importante para suas vidas.
A EVOLUÇÃO DOS EVENTOS DE CORRIDA DE RUA NA CIDADE DE SANTA MARIA (RS) ORGANIZADOS PELA UNIÃO DE CORREDORES DE RUA DE SANTA MARIA (UCRSM) DE 2011 A 2019
Authors: Krug Hugo Norberto
Published: December 2020

O estudo objetivou analisar a evolução dos eventos de corrida de rua na cidade de Santa Maria (RS) organizados pela União de Corredores de Rua de Santa Maria (UCRSM) de 2011 a 2019. Caracterizamos a pesquisa como qualitativa documental na forma de estudo de caso. O caso estudado foram os eventos de corrida de rua na cidade de Santa Maria (RS) organizados pela UCRSM de 2011 a 2019. Utilizou-se à análise de conteúdo para a interpretação das informações contidas no site http://www.ucrsm.com enquanto um documento. Concluiu-se que, em 2019 ocorreu o ‘boom’ das corridas de rua, na cidade de Santa Maria (RS), organizadas pela UCRSM. Esta conclusão nos leva a inferir que, está passada a hora de discutir na cidade de Santa Maria (RS) a respeito de formulações ou reformulações de políticas públicas municipais para o esporte e lazer e, com certeza, para as corridas de rua, pois estas galgaram um patamar destacado na cidade, via UCRSM.
USO DO CONCEITO DE PERFORMANCES COMO FERRAMENTA METODOLÓGICA NO ENSINO DO KARATE: UM BREVE RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Monteiro Lucas
Published: December 2020

O presente relato de experiência tem como objetivo apresentar a articulação do conceito de performances com o ensino do karate em ambiente não escolar. A metodologia utilizada em campo para coleta de dados foi o diário de campo, além da pesquisa bibliográfica para devida articulação com o conceito proposto. É possível concluir que o conceito de performances utilizado no ensino do karate pode contribuir para a potencialização do processo de ensino e aprendizagem e possibilitar novos caminhos metodológicos.
Pewarna Makanan dari Serangga (Cochineal) Menurut Perspektif Halal: Analisis Fatwa di Beberapa Negara ASEAN
Authors: Mohd Salleh Mohd Mahyeddin , Ahmad Nisar Mohammad , Ahmad Fadzillah Nurrulhidayah
Published: December 2020

The colourants used in today’s food and beverage products are not only made from natural herbs or chemical substance, but also from animal-derived substance including insects. One of them is cochineal insect which produces red dye and it is largely consumed in the food and cosmetic industries. As such, the Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Majlis Kebangsaan Bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam Malaysia and Majelis Ulama Indonesia have issued a fatwa on the consumption of cochineal in food as permissible (halal). However, the Mufti Department of Brunei Darussalam has issued a fatwa to the contrary i.e. not permissible (haram). The existence of conflicting fatwas in halal and haram issues may cause confusions among Muslim consumers. This article aims to analyse fatwas on cochineal-based colourants in selected ASEAN countries namely Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei. Document-analysis will be the method for this research. The research outcome indicates that there are factors that contribute to the differing fatwas i.e. differing understanding of the uncleanness status of insect carcasses whose blood does not flow, the use of different fatwa elicitation methodologies between countries, and the consideration on whether its use is good or bad for the consumers. Efforts towards standardisation of fatwa can be done at the ASEAN country levels via empowerment of halal supervisory body i.e. MABIMS, whose membership include Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia and Singapore.

ABSTRAK

Bahan pewarna yang digunakan dalam produk makanan dan minuman masakini bukan hanya berasal dari bahan tumbuhan atau bahan kimia, tetapi juga diperolehi dari bahan haiwan, termasuk serangga. Salah satunya ialah serangga jenis cochineal yang menghasilkan warna merah pekat dan banyak dimanfaatkan oleh industri makanan dan kosmetik. Sehubungan itu, Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Majlis Kebangsaan Bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam Malaysia dan Majelis Ulama Indonesia telah mengeluarkan fatwa bahawa penggunaannya adalah halal. Sebaliknya, Jabatan Mufti Negara Brunei Darussalam memutuskan fatwa yang berlawanan iaitu haram. Kewujudan fatwa yang berbeza dalam aspek halal dan haram sudah pasti menimbulkan kekeliruan dalam kalangan pengguna Islam. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis fatwa-fatwa mengenai bahan pewarna cochineal di beberapa negara ASEAN terpilih iaitu Malaysia, Indonesia dan Brunei. Metodologi yang digunakan ialah analisis dokumen. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa faktor yang membawa kepada perbezaan fatwa iaitu, i.e- kefahaman berbeza berhubung status kenajisan bangkai serangga yang darahnya tidak mengalir, penggunaan metodologi istinbat fatwa yang berbeza antara negara, dan pertimbangan maslahah dan mudarat kepada pengguna. Penyelarasan fatwa boleh digerakkan di peringkat negara ASEAN menerusi pemerkasaan badan halal yang dianggotai oleh empat negara iaitu Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia dan Singapura (MABIMS).
PERKAHWINAN KANAK-KANAK DI MALAYSIA: HAD UMUR MINIMUM DAN IMPLIKASINYA
Authors: Nik Wajis Nik Rahim , Mochammad Sahid Mualimin , Mohamad Yunus Mohamad Ismail , Baharli Nurliyana Shahira
Published: December 2020

Perbezaan pemikiran, kefahaman dan interpretasi undang-undang serta kesan daripada perkahwinan di bawah umur membawa kepada perbahasan dalam kalangan masyarakat di Malaysia. Meskipun wujud had umur minimum yang diperuntukkan, namun undang-undang tersebut dilihat tidak relevan untuk diaplikasikan pada masa kini merujuk kepada implikasi perkahwinan di bawah umur yang lebih memberi kemudaratan kepada kanak-kanak terutamanya dari sudut kesihatan dan pendidikan. Jesteru itu, artikel ini akan membincangkan kedudukan perkahwinan kanak-kanak menurut perspektif Syariah dan perundangan di Malaysia. Artikel ini turut membincangkan kedudukan perkahwinan kanak-kanak di bawah Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDGs) serta implikasi perkahwinan tersebut kepada diri kanak-kanak dari sudut hak kesihatan dan pendidikan. Metodologi kajian kualitatif iaitu kajian perpustakaan digunakan dengan menganalisis dokumen primer dan sekunder seperti kitab turath, Akta dan Enakmen Negeri-Negeri serta penulisan akademik di dalam jurnal. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa wujudnya peruntukan berkaitan perkahwinan kanak-kanak di bawah umur namun perincian secara jelas dan spesifik mengenai alasan dan faktor yang perlu diambil kira dalam memberikan kebenaran bagi perkahwinan tersebut tidak dinyatakan. Selain itu, artikel ini juga mendapati wujudnya implikasi negatif terhadap hak kesihatan dan hak pendidikan kanak-kanak hasil perkahwinan di bawah umur. Maka, artikel ini mencadangkan supaya pemurnian peruntukan sedia ada dan peningkatan kesedaran masyarakat tentang perkahwinan di bawah umur melalui pendidikan perlu di lakukan demi menjaga kemaslahatan kanak-kanak.
Towards Digital Histories of Women’s Suffrage Movements: A Feminist Historian’s Journey to the World of Digital Humanities
Authors: Kurvinen Heidi
Published: December 2020

This chapter discusses the various practical, epistemological and methodological issues of importance when a historical scholar with limited digital skills wants to take a step towards learning how to conduct digital analyses. As a feminist historian, the author combines this approach with a discussion of the relation of feminist research and digital humanities. In line with practice in feminist research, she uses a self-reflexive approach and asks how the increase in the understanding of digital methods influences research questions in feminist history. Do digital humanities tools transform the work as feminist historians? How can digital analyses develop the field of gender history in general and the history of feminism in particular? Can a scholar who has limited technological skills engage with an informed and critical discussion with digitised materials? In doing this the chapter provides an inside reflective history of the making of digital history.
Evaluation of Haemolytic and Morphological Changes in Red Blood Cell on Administration of Lachesis Muta 30, 200 and 1M in - Vitro Study
Authors: Kushwaha Usha
Published: December 2020

Snake venom has haemolytic action on the blood and reduces the power of its coagulability, with the result that a bloody serum continue to oozes out from wound for many hours.
Frequency of Cases of Genitourinary Tuberculosis Hospital De Clínicas Gestión 2000 to 2019 La Paz, Bolivia
Authors: Luz Gloria Paz Cabrera
Published: December 2020

The urogenital tract is one of the most frequent locations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, but it is not a very common finding in clinical practice. According to the WHO in 2015, 10.4 million people fell ill with tuberculosis, which is one of the top 10 global causes of mortality. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is estimated to represent 15 to 25% of all tuberculosis patients, and of these, the renal location is the most frequent.
The Art of Cutting Around
Authors: Martínez Adriana Zamudio
Published: December 2020

Brief history of circumcision, from the evolution of a purification practice among Egyptian priests to the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
The Role of Collagen Genetic Discrepancies in Development of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women: A Study with Negative Results
Authors: Fernando Hirron
Published: December 2020

Pelvic organ prolapse has a mixed aetiology – hereditary and acquired. During last decade, the role of genetics in POP becomes profoundly obvious. women with a family history of prolapse are at an increased risk of prolapse refractory to treatment. Careful literature review from the past studies reveals that several genetic mutations have been shown to correlate with increased prolapse susceptibility. These mutations can result in disordered collagen metabolism, which weaken the fascial support of the pelvic organs. This prompt us to undertake the above study, look more into genetic discrepancies and pelvic organ prolapse contemporary studies relate to this topic shows that Collagen is playing a major role in pelvic floor supportive structures. However role of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the COL1A1 or COL3A1 or COL18A1 genes remain controversial relate to pelvic organ prolapse. Some studies and meta-analysis found a strict correlation between these genetic defects and POP.
Preliminary Results of Midurethral Synthetic Tape with Tension Control Mechanism for Female Urinary Stress Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: SO Sukhikh
Published: December 2020

Urinary incontinence is one of the most common female urological diseases, which adversely affects the patient’s quality of life. Currently, midurethral synthetic tape is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of this disease. However, up to date, there is no uniform method for tensioning mid-urethral slings during its installation. An insufficiently tight fit of the tape often leads to a lack of effect from the operation. At the same time, the excessive tension exerted by the sling on the urethra may cause bladder outlet obstruction and urethral ulceration and erosions. The purpose of this study was to attempt to standardise this stage of surgery and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of mid-urethral tape placement with the addition of a tension control mechanism.
Sexual health among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: A scoping review from the Children's Oncology Group Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Discipline Committee
Authors: Cherven Brooke , Sampson Amani , Bober Sharon L. , Bingen Kristin , Frederick Natasha , Freyer David R. , Quinn Gwendolyn P.
Published: December 2020

Sexual function is a vital aspect of quality of life among adolescent and young adult (AYA) (ages 15‐39 years) cancer survivors. Sexual function encompasses physical, psychosocial, and developmental factors that contribute to sexual health, all of which may be negatively impacted by cancer and treatment. However, limited information is available to inform the care of AYA cancer survivors in this regard. This scoping review, conducted by the Children's Oncology Group AYA Oncology Discipline Committee, summarizes available literature regarding sexual function among AYA cancer survivors, including relevant psychosexual aspects of romantic relationships and body image. Results suggest that, overall, AYA cancer survivors experience a substantial burden of sexual dysfunction. Both physical and psychosocial sequelae influence survivors' sexual health. Interventions to support sexual health and psychosexual adjustment after cancer treatment are needed. Collaborations between the Children's Oncology Group and adult‐focused cooperative groups within the National Cancer Institute's National Clinical Trials Network are warranted to advance prospective assessment of sexual dysfunction and test interventions to improve sexual health among AYA cancer survivors.
THE ROLE OF COMPLEXITY IN TEACHING
Authors: Horvat Saša A.
Published: December 2020

Why complex problems are important in the modern teaching process? How to determine how complex a task or content is? The key to complexity lies in the origin of life. With the increase in complexity, from simple compounds, complex compounds were formed and from complex compounds life was formed. It is the same in teaching, by solving simple problems basic concepts are formed, and the growing complexity of the problem leads to the formation of knowledge. But as all started from simple and later everything got more complex in Praoceaa, can it be determined what the complex task is made of? What are the conditions that influenced the formation of life on Earth, what are the conditions that affect how the student experiences the complexity of the problem task? Does the assessment of a task have to take into account the subjective component or characteristics of the problem solver? Is there a difference between the complexity and difficulty of the problem?
DISTANCE EDUCATION DURING COVID-19: THE PERSPECTIVE OF SLOVAK TEACHERS
Authors: Ballová Mikušková Eva , Verešová Marcela
Published: December 2020

As the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (causing COVID-19) has begun to spread around the world, education has taken the form of distance education from one day to the next. To this day, little is known about distance education during the pandemic period from teachers’ point of view, so the study focused on perception and management of distance education in primary school (primary and lower secondary education) and upper-secondary school (upper secondary education) teachers; and the main aim was to explore the connection between teaching experience, personality traits, and emotions of teachers and their perception and management of distance education during the coronavirus pandemic. The research sample consisted of 379 teachers (89.7% women) aged 23 – 70 years (M = 44.91; SD = 10.38). They completed the questionnaire which consisted of: demographic questions, questions related to perception and management of distance education, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Big Five Inventory 2. During the pandemic period, the negative emotions of teachers increased while positive emotions decreased; distance education was closely related to emotions (and changes in emotions) and personality; moreover, teachers reported willingness to implement partial changes into their teaching after the pandemic period.
Sulla morte incurabile
Authors: Burrai Francesco , Cabula Stefano , Micheluzzi Valentina
Published: December 2020

Death is incurable. It precedes, transcends and overcomes any possibility of cure. Medicine cures, but leaves man's fundamental event, his death, without cure. After a lifetime of treatment, everyone dies, even those who have used all kinds of treatments, so as not to die. Molecules, surgery, nuclear medicine, technology is not and will never be adequate for death. What can be appropriate for death? Not the escape, but the awareness of its existence, in every minute of the short earthly passage. But how? Man has always used artistic expression, not science, as a way of seeing death. Literature, cinema, theater are human inventions that go through death, and in this article we expose some artistic productions that cure our existence from the "Incurable".
Utilização de fermentação natural e jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) para melhoria das características de pães de forma
Authors: Neves Nathália de Andrade , Gomes Paula Thamara Goecking , Carmo Erick Michel Ramos do , Silva Bruna Sanches , Amaral Tatiana Nunes , Schmiele Marcio
Published: December 2020

A busca por alimentos com sabor diferenciado e menor utilização de aditivos torna a elaboração de pães a partir de massas ácidas uma tecnologia pomissora. Somado a isso, a adição de frutos ao pão é uma forma de obtenção de produtos com interessantes aspectos tecnológicos, sensoriais, nutricionais e funcionais. Assim, objetivou-se nessa pesquisa, a elaboração de pães com a utilização de fermentação natural (massa ácida) e adição jabuticaba. Foram preparadas quatro massas ácidas, integral e refinada, com e sem adição de jabuticaba. As massas foram alimentadas durante 16 dias e utilizadas como inóculo para a fermentação de pães. Foram preparadas também duas formulações padrão, uma integral e outra refinada, totalizando seis formulações. As massas ácidas obtidas foram avaliadas quanto ao pH e contagem de bactérias lácticas e os pães quanto ao volume específico, umidade, acidez total, pH, textura instrumental, atividade de água, avaliação de imagem das fatias, capacidade antioxidante e avaliação sensorial. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médias ao teste t de Tukey. Os pães com massa ácida apresentaram menores volumes específicos e maior acidez em relação às formulações padrão. A utilização de farinha integral, massa ácida e jabuticaba resultou em maiores capacidades antioxidantes. A coloração dos pães acrescidos de jabuticaba se distanciou muito da formulação padrão, o que causou um estranhamento por parte dos consumidores, que avaliaram esses pães com notas menores para coloração, aparência, impressão global e intenção de compra, embora, a partir das notas obtidas, ainda possam ser considerados como bem aceitos.
Who Owns Carnival?
Authors: Zervou Regina
Published: December 2020

In this article, I attempt to shed light on the complex relationship between class stratification and carnival performances in Agiasos, a mountainous village located on the Greek island of Lesbos. Rooted in fertility rites, early twentieth-century carnival there featured a collision of worldviews and attitudes between the “haves” of the village—landowners with strong links to the Church of Holy Mary, that is, one of the most important pilgrimage sites of the Aegean Sea—and the “have-nots,” the working class of the village. Following a turbulent period marked by World War ΙΙ (1939–45), the Greek Civil War (1943–49), and military rule (1969–74), the return to democracy was marked by the emergence of a new white-collar class, consisting of people with academic titles who set about to create and manage popular culture. As a result, the carnival community became informally divided between manual laborers and “the creative class,” the latter of whom appointed themselves the “guardians”’ of carnival tradition, dictating the terms under which the ritual should be performed. Based on fieldwork carried out in the village of Agiasos, this essay highlights the way the economic elite of Agiasos has been using carnival performances to exclude undesirable, unruly individuals from the village.
The Structural and Molecular Underpinnings of Gametogenesis in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Tomasina Ramiro , Francia María E.
Published: December 2020

Toxoplasma gondiiis a widely prevalent protozoan parasite member of the phylum Apicomplexa. It causes disease in humans with clinical outcomes ranging from an asymptomatic manifestation to eye disease to reproductive failure and neurological symptoms. In farm animals, and particularly in sheep, toxoplasmosis costs the industry millions by profoundly affecting their reproductive potential. As do all the parasites in the phylum,T. gondiiparasites go through sexual and asexual replication in the context of an heteroxenic life cycle involving members of the Felidae family and any warm-blooded vertebrate as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. During sexual replication, merozoites differentiate into female and male gametes; their combination gives rise to a zygotes which evolve into sporozoites that encyst and are shed in cat’s feces as environmentally resistant oocysts. During zygote formationT. gondiiparasites are diploid providing the parasite with a window of opportunity for genetic admixture making this a key step in the generation of genetic diversity. In addition, oocyst formation and shedding are central to dissemination and environmental contamination with infectious parasite forms. In this minireview we summarize the current state of the art on the process of gametogenesis. We discuss the unique structures of macro and microgametes, an insight acquired through classical techniques, as well as the more recently attained molecular understanding of the routes leading up to these life forms byin vitroandin vivosystems. We pose a number of unanswered questions and discuss these in the context of the latest findings on molecular cues mediating stage switching, and the implication for the field of newly availablein vitrotools.
Effects of Cardiomyocyte-Specific Deletion of STAT3–A Murine Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Zhao Weilin , Chen Yanjia , Yang Wenbo , Han Yanxin , Wang Zhiyan , Huang Fanyi , Qiu Zeping , Yang Ke , Jin Wei
Published: December 2020

Aims: There is a high incidence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the options of treatment are limited. A new animal model of HFpEF is urgently needed for in-depth research on HFpEF. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) may affect the passive stiffness of myocardium, which determines cardiac diastolic function. We hypothesized that cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of STAT3 increases cardiac passive stiffness, which results the murine features of HFpEF.

Methods and Results: Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of STAT3 (STAT3cKO) mice was generated by the Cre/FLOXp method. The STAT3cKO mice showed heavier cardiac fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy comparing with wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, STAT3cKO mice showed increased serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, and growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2) level. Other indicators reflecting cardiac passive stiffness and diastolic function, including end diastolic pressure volume relation, MV A value, MV E value, E/A and E/E' had different fold changes. All these changes were accompanied by decreasing levels of protein kinase G (PKG). Bioinformatic analysis of STAT3cKO mice hearts suggested cGMP-PKG signaling pathway might participate in the pathogenesis of HFpEF by means of adjusting different biological functions.

Conclusions: Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of STAT3 results in a murine HFpEF model which imitates the clinical characteristics partly by affecting cardiac PKG levels. Better understanding of the factors influencing HFpEF may finally provided innovative therapies.