bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standards of Proof and Civil Litigation: A Game-Theoretic Analysis
Authors: Guerra Alice , Luppi Barbara , Parisi Francesco
Published: May 2018

In litigation models, the parties’ probability to succeed in a lawsuit hinge upon the merits of the parties’ claims and their litigation efforts. In this paper we extend this framework to consider an important procedural aspect of the legal system: the standard of proof. We recast the conventional litigation model to consider how alternative standards of proof affect litigation choices. We analyze the interrelation between different standards of proof, the effectiveness of the parties’ efforts, and the merits of the case. We study how these factors jointly affect the parties’ litigation expenditures, the selection of cases brought to the courts, pretrial bargain solutions and preemptive strategies. Our results show that standards of proof are not only instrumental to balancing the competing goals of access to justice and judicial truth-finding, but they also play a critical role in affecting parties’ litigation investments and settlement choices, and in sorting the mix of cases that will actually be filed and defended in courts. The understanding of the sorting effect of standards of proof sheds light on their role as a policy instrument in civil litigation.
Exploring the potential of mucin 13 (MUC13) as a biomarker for carcinomas and other diseases
Authors: Filippou Panagiota S. , Ren Annie H. , Korbakis Dimitrios , Dimitrakopoulos Lampros , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Barak Vivian , Frenkel Shahar , Pe’er Jacob , Lotem Michal , Merims Sharon , Molina Rafael , Blasutig Ivan , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Mucin 13 (MUC13) is a cell surface glycoprotein aberrantly expressed in a variety of epithelial carcinomas. Thus far, the role of MUC13 in various diseases remains elusive. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the potential of MUC13 as a serum biomarker in a variety of carcinomas and other conditions.

Methods:

We developed a recombinant MUC13 protein, mouse monoclonal antibodies and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for MUC13. We used this assay to measure MUC13 levels in the supernatants of cancer cell lines and a large cohort of serum samples from healthy and diseased individuals.

Results:

MUC13 is secreted from cancer cell lines, with highest levels found in ovarian cancer cell lines. MUC13 levels in human sera were significantly increased in patients with renal failure and 20%–30% of patients with ovarian, liver, lung and other cancers. MUC13 was also elevated in 70% of patients with active cutaneous melanoma, but not uveal melanoma. Furthermore, we identified significant MUC13 elevations in the serum of patients with vasculitis (ANCA-positive) autoantibodies, but not in those with inflammatory bowel disease.

Conclusions:

Serum MUC13 is frequently elevated not only in a variety of malignant cases but also in some benign pathologies, thus appearing to be a non-specific disease biomarker. Nonetheless, serum MUC13 is clearly highly elevated in some carcinoma patients, and its relationship with tumor progression in this context warrant further research. Future studies that examine the correlation between serum MUC13 levels to stage of cancer could elucidate prognostic potential.
Undistorted purely pseudo-Anosov groups
Authors: Bestvina Mladen , Bromberg Kenneth , Kent Autumn E. , Leininger Christopher J.
Published: May 2018

In this paper we prove that groups as in the title are convex cocompact in the mapping class group.
Oxidation of dibenzothiophene using the heterogeneous catalyst of tungsten-based carbon nanotubes
Authors: Quyen Nguyen Duc Vu , Tuyen Tran Ngoc , Khieu Dinh Quang , Hai Ho Van Minh , Tin Dang Xuan , Itatani Kiyoshi
Published: May 2018

Highly effective tungsten-based carbon nanotubes (W/CNT) were synthesized and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) with the oxidant H2O2. The obtained materials were characterized by modern methods. The Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics model described the precursor mechanism of the reaction well through an intermediate compound. The low activation energy showed that the reaction was mainly controlled by diffusion. The positive activation enthalpy proved the endothermic nature of the activation process, and this process did not alter the inside structure of the catalyst. The thermodynamic parameters of the reaction were determined, which implied that the oxidation was endothermic and spontaneous at 303 K. The more negative values of the Gibbs free energy from 283 to 323 K confirmed that the reaction was more favorable at high temperatures. The stability and activity of catalyst were retained after three reaction cycles.
Existence of solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger systems with periodic data perturbations
Authors: Chergui Thiziri , Tas Saadia
Published: May 2018

This paper deals with a class of the stationary nonlinear Schrödinger
Systems in

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

. Our main tools are based on variational methods. More precisely, by using
Ekeland’s Variational Principle, the Mountain Pass Theorem and the Nehari
Manifold Method, an existence result is established.
On some nonlinear hyperbolic p(x,t)-Laplacian equations
Authors: Ahmedatt Taghi , Aberqi Ahmed , Touzani Abedlfettah , Yazough Chihab
Published: May 2018

This paper is devoted to study the global existence of solutions of the hyperbolic Dirichlet equation

u

t
⁢
t

=

L
⁢
u

+

f
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

 

in 
⁢

Ω
T

=

Ω
×

(
0
,
T
)

,

u_{tt}=Lu+f(x,t)\quad\text{in }\Omega_{T}=\Omega\times(0,T),

where L is a nonlinear operator and

ϕ
⁢

(
x
,
t
,
⋅
)

{\phi(x,t,\cdot\,)}

,

f
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

{f(x,t)}

and the exponents of the nonlinearities

p
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

{p(x,t)}

and

μ
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

{\mu(x,t)}

are given functions.
Approximately linear recurrences
Authors: Rasouli Hossein , Abbaszadeh Sadegh , Eshaghi Madjid
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we present a Hyers–Ulam stability result for the approximately linear recurrence in Banach spaces. An example is given to show the results in more tangible form.
Study the precision of creating 3D structure modeling form terrestrial laser scanner observations
Authors: Zeidan Zaki M. , Beshr Ashraf A. , Shehata Ashraf G.
Published: May 2018

Laser scanner has become widely used nowadays for several applications in civil engineering. An advantage of laser scanner as compared to other geodetic instruments is its capability of collecting hundreds or even thousands of point per second. Terrestrial laser scanner allows acquiring easy and fast complex geometric data from building, machines, objects, etc. Several experimental and field tests are required to investigate the quality and accuracy of scanner points cloud and the 3D geometric models derived from laser scanner. So this paper investigates the precision of creation three dimensional structural model resulted from terrestrial laser scanner observations. The paper also presented the ability to create 3D model by structural faces depending on the plane equation for each face resulted from coordinates of several observed points cover this face using reflector less total station observations. Precision comparison for the quality of 3D models created from laser scanner observations and structure faces is also presented.The results of the practical measurements, calculations and analysis of results are presented.
Ethical and Legal Issues in Bioterrorism Events
Authors: Erwin Cheryl , Dacso Sheryl
Published: May 2018

A coordinated response to bioterrorism events requires the participation of healthcare providers, governmental agencies, ethicists, and community members. We describe some of the ethical and considerations that should go into planning for these events.
Effect of Different Silicic Acid Ester on the Properties of Sandstones with Varying Binders
Authors: Braun Franziska , Orlowsky Jeanette
Published: May 2018

This study deals with the effect of using different silicic acid ethyl esters (SAE) on diverse sandstones and to estimate their influence on the properties of the treated stones. Prismatic samples of Baumberger Sandstone (BST), Sander Sandstone (SST) and Nievelsteiner Sandstone (NST) with the dimensions 50 mm×50 mm×100 mm were treated with three different consolidating agents based on silicic acid ethyl ester (KSE 100, KSE 300, KSE 510) in three different procedures (vacuum, 1- and 5- time impregnation). The aim of this study is to demonstrate that differences in application, for instance varying stone consolidation agents, other treatment procedures as well as using sandstone samples with different binders (BST: calcareous, SST: clayey, NST: quartzitic), cause in each case different results concerning the strengthening effect and the success of a consolidation action. Laboratory measurements were performed on treated and untreated material in order to estimate the effectiveness of stone consolidation actions. To detect the influence of subsequent treatment procedures, water vapour diffusion resistance (WVDR) and capillary water absorption (CWA) measurements were carried out. Furthermore, the effectiveness of a stone consolidation was analysed by measuring ultrasound velocity, compressive strength, flexural strength, bond strength by pull-off and the porosity of the stone samples. Due to varying treatment procedures the investigated sandstones showed different petrophysical and mechanical properties (no strengthening effect up to “over-treating”). Different treatment procedures lead to increasing amounts of strengthening agent in the pore space of the investigated stones and as a result to higher values in WVDR (except BST and NST samples), ultrasound velocity and to an improvement in mechanical strength (except compressive strength of NST). This applies in particular to 1-time, 5-time and vacuum impregnated SST and 5-time treated NST and BST, regardless of the used stone strengthener. On the other hand, these different treatment procedures lead often to a decreased CWA and to a reduction in total porosity. The performed measurements indicate a development in strength in case of 5-time and vacuum treatment, but also an increase of the possibility of sealing the pores, especially for SST samples.
Balo’s concentric sclerosis: an update and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Amini Harandi Ali , Esfandani Akram , Pakdaman Hossein , Abbasi Mehdi , Sahraian Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2018

Balo’s concentric sclerosis (BCS) is considered a variant of multiple sclerosis characterized by concentric lamella of alternating demyelinated and partially myelinated tissues. It is a rare and a relatively acute condition. Attacks may proceed rapidly over weeks or months, typically without remission, like Marburg’s variant, resulting in death or severe disability. However, the majority of cases have a more benign, self-limiting course with spontaneous remission. Magnetic resonance imaging is a primary imaging modality in the diagnosis of BCS. Treatment with intense immunosuppression may be indicated in patients with more aggressive form. New reports reveal more evidence regarding the pathophysiology and treatment strategies.
Species and number of bacterium may alternate IL-1β levels in the odontogenic cyst fluid
Authors: Cinar Suzan , Keskin Fahriye , Ciftci Sevgi , Cakarer Sirmahan , Selvi Firat , Keskin-Yalcin Basak , Deniz Gunnur
Published: May 2018

Objectives

The role of oral bacteria in the etiopathogenesis of odontogenic cysts (OC) is controversial. Immune response is regulated by the cytokines secreted during infection. This study aims to describe the association in between bacteria and levels of cytokines in OC.

Methods

Infected OC fluid samples were obtained from 25 odontogenic keratocysts and 14 radicular cysts (RC). Bacteria detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction on bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Cytokine levels in OC fluids were determined using “luminex” method.

Results

Porphyromonas gingivalis was the most common bacteria in all samples (41.03%). Bacteria species number was higher in RCs. The significant difference was detected in terms of interleukine (IL)-1β levels to the number of bacteria contained in cyst fluids (p<0.05). IL1-β level of cyst fluid group containing three or more species of bacteria increased compared with cyst fluid group containing two types of bacteria (p<0.05). IL-1β level was high in cyst fluids with Campylobacter rectus and Treponema denticola or with three or more bacteria species. IL-1β level was higher in the cyst fluids with Enterococcus faecalis negative than E. faecalis positives.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that species and the number of bacterium may differ IL-1β levels in the OC fluid.
Listener Expertise Enhances Intelligibility of Vocalizations in Death Metal Music
Authors: Olsen Kirk N. , Thompson William Forde , Giblin Iain
Published: May 2018

Death Metal music with violent themes is characterized by vocalizations with unnaturally low fundamental frequencies and high levels of distortion and roughness. These attributes decrease the signal to noise ratio, rendering linguistic content difficult to understand and leaving the impression of growling, screaming, or other non-linguistic vocalizations associated with aggression and fear. Here, we compared the ability of fans and non-fans of Death Metal to accurately perceive sung words extracted from Death Metal music. We also examined whether music training confers an additional benefit to intelligibility. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design (fans/non-fans, musicians/nonmusicians), four groups of participants (n = 16 per group) were presented with 24 sung words (one per trial), extracted from the popular American Death Metal band Cannibal Corpse. On each trial, participants completed a four-alternative forced-choice word recognition task. Intelligibility (word recognition accuracy) was above chance for all groups and was significantly enhanced for fans (65.88%) relative to non-fans (51.04%). In the fan group, intelligibility between musicians and nonmusicians was statistically similar. In the non-fan group, intelligibility was significantly greater for musicians relative to nonmusicians. Results are discussed in the context of perceptual learning and the benefits of expertise for decoding linguistic information in sub-optimum acoustic conditions.
The Lone Instrument
Authors: Hansen Niels Chr. , Huron David
Published: May 2018

Given the extensive instrumental resources afforded by an orchestra, why would a composer elect to feature a single solo instrument? In this study we explore one possible use of solos—that of conveying or enhancing a sad affect. Orchestral passages were identified from an existing collection and categorized as solos or non-solos. Independently, the passages were characterized on seven other features previously linked to sad affect, including mode, tempo, dynamics, articulation, rhythmic smoothness, relative pitch height, and pitch range. Using the first four factors, passages were classified into nine previously defined expressive categories. Passages containing acoustic features associated with the “sad/relaxed” expressive category were twice as likely to employ solo texture. Moreover, a regression model incorporating all factors significantly predicted solo status. However, only two factors (legato articulation, quiet dynamics) were significant individual predictors. Finally, with the notable exception of string instruments, we found a strong correlation (ρ = .88) between the likelihood that a solo is assigned to a given instrument and an independent scale of the capacity of that instrument for expressing sadness. Although solo instrumentation undoubtedly serves many other functions, these results are consistent with a significant though moderate association between sadness-related acoustic features and solo textures.
Are Musical Autobiographical Memories Special? It Ain’t Necessarily So
Authors: Halpern Andrea R. , Talarico Jennifer M. , Gouda Nura , Williamson Victoria J.
Published: May 2018

We compared young adults’ autobiographical (AB) memories involving Music to memories concerning other specific categories and to Everyday AB memories with no specific cue. In all cases, participants reported both their most vivid memory and another AB memory from approximately the same time. We analyzed responses via quantitative ratings scales on aspects such as vividness and importance, as well as via qualitative thematic coding. In the initial phase, comparison of Music-related to Everyday memories suggested all Musical memories had high emotional and vividness characteristics whereas Everyday memories elicited emotion and other heightened responses only in the “vivid” instruction condition. However, when we added two other specific AB categories (Dining and Holidays) in phase two, the Music memories were no longer unique. We offer these results as a cautionary tale: before concluding that music is special in its relationship to cognition, perception, or emotion, studies should include appropriate control conditions.
The Online Processing of Implied Harmony in the Perception of Tonal Melodies
Authors: Kim Jung Nyo , Large Edward W. , Gwon Yeongjin , Ashley Richard
Published: May 2018

The importance of harmony perception in understanding tonal melodies has been extensively studied, but underlying processes of implied harmonic perception remain unexplored. This study explores how listeners perceive implied harmony in real-time while hearing tonal melodies by addressing two questions: How is each tone of a tonal melody harmonically interpreted and integrated into the previous tones? How do harmonic expectations of “what” chord will follow and “when” the chord change will occur affect the processing? Participants with music training listened to tonal melodies and responded to target tones by singing their pitches as quickly as possible. The target tones implied an expected or an unexpected chord; they occurred at expected or unexpected times. The results showed that sing-back reaction times (RTs) were shorter for: 1) tones implying an expected chord; and 2) chord changes occurring at expected times, suggesting that harmonic expectations facilitate the processing of tonal melodies. Also, RTs became shorter over the presentation of successive target tones implying the same chord, suggesting that implied harmony becomes clearer as more tones belonging to a single chord are presented.
Agreeing to Disagree: American Orthodox Jewish Scientists’ Confrontation with Evolution in the 1960s
Authors: Pear Rachel S. A.
Published: May 2018

While tension between religious commitment and evolution has often been perceived as a Christian American phenomenon, the current article joins a growing body of literature that illustrates how some Jewish Americans have also struggled with Darwinism. This article will focus in on the case of the Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists (AOJS), and document its members’ engagement with evolution in the 1960s and 70s. Although founded in New York in 1948, the AOJS did not grapple with the issue of evolution in its first decade. When evolution did come to the fore in the 1960s, a time when the Christian American discussion of evolution also escalated, AOJS members expressed a spectrum of views on the matter. Those who strongly critiqued evolution, however, were more prolific in their writing on the subject than those who expressed positive attitudes towards evolution. This article highlights historical and sociological factors within American and Jewish life in the second half of the 20th century that are related to this outburst of antievolutionism on the part of some AOJS members in this period. It further illustrates that the negative view of evolution promoted by some members was not suppressed or censured by the association, despite the fact that it may well have been a minority view within the group. Lastly the article suggests that the American Orthodox scientists adopted the model of agreeing to disagree on the matter of evolution because they placed the value of Orthodox Jewish unity above other scientific and social considerations and goals.
Fortune Telling and American Religious Freedom
Authors: McCrary Charles
Published: May 2018

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a number of people who were arrested for pretending telling fortunes appealed their convictions on religious freedom grounds. These accused fortune tellers, mostly white spiritualist women, were arrested for violating state statutes across the United States, from New York to Georgia to Oklahoma to Washington. Though each defendant lost her case, their arguments showcase previously understudied early twentieth-century attempts by relatively disempowered actors to expand the scope of religious freedom. One law professor, named Blewett Lee, wrote a series of articles in the 1920s in which he considered these cases and their implications, identifying central problems and advancing prescient arguments about religious freedom.

This article thinks with Lee and the accused fortune tellers to highlight two key aspects of secularism and American religious freedom. First, it uncovers the epistemological assumptions embedded into jurisprudence and legislation around “fortune telling.” Many of the statutes, which were based on English vagrancy laws, applied to “persons pretending to tell fortunes.” The term “pretending” raised questions about what the law presumed to be true and whether secular states could adjudicate religious veracity. Second, this article argues that secularism is regulatory and that scholars should connect religious freedom to histories of policing, licensure, and other forms of regulation. These two aspects, one primarily conceptual and the other practical and procedure, work together to delineate the parameters of American religious freedom, as secular state agents both define “religious belief” and regulate believers.
Doing It with “Ganas”
Authors: Velasquez L. Stephen
Published: May 2018

Stephen Velasquez traces the trajectory from Mexican migrant farm labor to Mexican American winery ownership in the Napa-Sonoma region of California, a transnational story of hard work, pooled expertise, community formation, and pride.
A Holy Heretical Body
Authors: Bursi Adam
Published: May 2018

Between the seventh and ninth centuries C.E., different Muslim sectarian groups fashioned their respective communal identities through differing rituals, narratives, and conceptions of Islamic history. This article explores these early Islamic divisions through the lens of literary depictions of, and rituals involving, a strongly potent object within the late antique world: a holy person's corpse, in this case that of the prominent early Muslim Ṭalḥa b. ʿUbayd Allāh. A Companion of the Prophet Muḥammad, Ṭalḥa had a contested legacy among different Muslim groups, being venerated by Sunnīs and vilified by the Shīʿa and Khārijīs. These contesting conceptions of Ṭalḥa are reflected in the variable images of Ṭalḥa's body after his death that appear within early Islamic texts: while some stories portray Ṭalḥa as a saintly martyr whose body lay incorrupt in his grave, others depict Ṭalḥa as a decaying corpse disintegrating in the dirt. Standing in vivid contrast to one another, these variant representations of Ṭalḥa's body exemplify early Muslims' usages of the foundational narratives of Islamic history to make competing claims about politico-religious leadership and community. Yet the sectarian significance of Ṭalḥa's body was exhibited not only in texts, but was also ritually enacted through worship at Ṭalḥa's grave. A site of prayer and miracles, Ṭalḥa's grave emerged as a proto-Sunnī counterpoint to the tombs of other holy persons visited and venerated by the Shīʿa and Khārijīs. The stories and rituals involving Ṭalḥa b. ʿUbayd Allāh's body demonstrate how Islamic communal identity was mapped onto this Companion's corpse.
A Genome-Wide Assay Specifies Only GreA as a Transcription Fidelity Factor in Escherichia coli
Authors: Traverse Charles C , Ochman Howard
Published: May 2018

Although mutations are the basis for adaptation and heritable genetic change, transient errors occur during transcription at rates that are orders of magnitude higher than the mutation rate. High rates of transcription errors can be detrimental by causing the production of erroneous proteins that need to be degraded. Two transcription fidelity factors, GreA and GreB, have previously been reported to stimulate the removal of errors that occur during transcription, and a third fidelity factor, DksA, is thought to decrease the error rate through an unknown mechanism. Because the majority of transcription-error assays of these fidelity factors were performed in vitro and on individual genes, we measured the in vivo transcriptome-wide error rates in all possible combinations of mutants of the three fidelity factors. This method expands measurements of these fidelity factors to the full spectrum of errors across the entire genome. Our assay shows that GreB and DksA have no significant effect on transcription error rates, and that GreA only influences the transcription error rate by reducing G-to-A errors.
Avaliação do acesso à Estratégia Saúde da Família na perspectiva dos usuários no município de Santo Antônio de Jesus-Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Cruz Joanderson D Santos , De Almeida Patty Fidelis , Figueredo Ariádina H. Figueredo H. , Dos Santos Adriano Maia dos Santos Maia
Published: May 2018

Objetivo Evaluar el acceso a la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) en el municipio de Santo Antônio de Jesus-BA,en la perspectiva de los usuarios.Métodos Estudio transversal con aplicación de cuestionarios a una muestra representativa de 430 usuarios, registradospor los 21 equipos de Salud de la Familia del municipio. La encuesta de base domiciliaria se realizó entre losmeses de diciembre de 2012 a enero de 2013. Los indicadores considerados más potentes para evaluar el acceso, seseleccionaron en dos dimensiones: el conocimiento y la evaluación de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia.Resultados Los resultados apuntan la disminución de barreras y ampliación del acceso de la población a los servicios de salud, así como mayor organización de la puerta de entrada del sistema. Los cambios presentados después de la implantación de la ESF en los barrios se reflejan en la satisfacción de los usuarios, lo que legitima la organización del sistema de salud con base en una atención primaria integral.
Costo efectividad de las pruebas para estratificar riesgo en el tratamiento de la leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) en población pediátrica
Authors: García Molina Mario , Chicaíza-Becerra Liliana A. , Quitian-Reyes Hoover , Linares Adriana , Ramírez Oscar
Published: May 2018

Objetivo Estimar la razón de costo-efectividad de las pruebas para estratificación del riesgo en pacientes pediátricos con Leucemia Mieloide Aguda (LMA).Métodos Se construyó un árbol de decisión con años de vida ganados como medida de efectividad. Los costos fueron estimados desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud colombiano. En los costos de la estratificación se incluyeron los costos del tratamiento consecuente con ella. Los precios de medicamentos fueron tomados del SISMED 2008 y el valor monetario de los procedimientos se extrajo del manual tarifario del ISS 2001 adicionando el 30 %. Todos los costos se expresaron en pesos colombianos del 2010 y el producto interno per-cápita de ese año fue empleado como umbral de costo efectividad. Se condujeron análisis de sensibilidad univariados y probabilísticos.Resultados La razón de costo-efectividad incremental de las pruebas de estratificación a todos los pacientes, fue de $8 559 944. Los resultados son sensibles a las probabilidades de recaída, supervivencia al trasplante y efectos secundarios.Conclusión Las pruebas para estratificación del riesgo en LMA son costo-efectivas dentro del sistema de salud colombiano.
Enteroparasites in vegetables marketed in an ancient Brazilian city
Authors: Pezzin Josiane , Ambrozim Fabiana Mendonça , De Souza Marco Antônio Andrade , Barreto Teresa Gradella Débora
Published: May 2018

Objetivo Evaluar la contaminación por enteroparásitos de verduras consumidas crudas, vendidas en la ciudad de São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brasil.Materiales y Métodos Se recolectaron muestras de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) y perejil (Petrosolium sativum) de seis establecimientos populares, como supermercados y mercados callejeros y se analizó el material obtenido, luego del lavado, mediante el método de sedimentación espontánea en el Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos de la Universidad Federal de Espírito Santo, campus de São Mateus.Resultados De un total de 120 muestras analizadas, 71 (59 %) tenían uno o más contaminantes parasitarios. Las muestras de lechuga tenían una tasa de contaminación del 78,3 % y muestras de perejil, 40 %.Conclusión Los resultados muestran que las verduras consumidas en la ciudad tenían protozoos, helmintos y artrópodos, lo que indica la necesidad de adoptar medidas higiénico-sanitarias en la producción, manejo y transporte de estos vegetales.
Implementación de la política pública para el cuidado de la primera infancia en el contexto chileno: una mirada desde salud al “Chile Crece Contigo”
Authors: González-Burboa Alexis , Miranda-Valdebenito Nazaryh , Vera-Calzaretta Aldo , Arteaga-Herrera Oscar
Published: May 2018

En el campo del cuidado de la infancia Chile posee una larga historia de intervenciones que han apuntado hacia la disminución de la mortalidad infantil, la mayoría de ellas, con un fuerte enfoque biomédico. Estas han intentado dar respuesta a las demandas de la época en que han sido formuladas, reflejando la evolución de la historia socio-sanitaria del estado chileno y logrando un cometido exitoso durante el transcurso del pasado siglo. En este contexto emerge la política pública “Chile Crece Contigo”, la cual ha apostado al abordaje biopsicosocial de la primera infancia mediante una serie de acciones tendientes a la protección y acompañamiento del desarrollo de los niños/as, con un especial énfasis en el apoyo a las familias más vulnerables. Este ensayo plantea antecedentes de la política pública para la protección de la primera infancia en el contexto chileno mirada desde el sector salud y presenta brevemente algunos aspectos relevantes del proceso de implementación de una de sus políticas más significativas.
Costo por años de vida perdidos: una propuesta para estimar el impuesto al tabaco
Authors: Rosselli Diego , Gil-Tamayo Sebastián
Published: May 2018

Objetivos Determinar y justificar la carga impositiva de los cigarrillos, con base en los años de vida que se pierden por su consumo.Métodos Mediante revisión de literatura se estimó la reducción promedio de la expectativa de vida de un fumador. Se aplicó a cada año perdido el valor empleado en estudios de costo-efectividad, de tres veces el PIB per cápita (COP 16 613.951 de 2015, equivalentes a USD 6 056, aplicando tasa de 1 USD=2 743 COP). A partir de los años de consumo promedio, y de los paquetes que consume en ese lapso, se estimó el impuesto que debería tener cada paquete para que, con un interés de 3 % anual, el fumador al fallecer reuniera el valor correspondiente a los años que pierde.Resultados Dada una reducción promedio de esperanza de vida de seis años, cada fumador debería contribuirle al sistema de salud COP 299 051 115 (USD 109 008). Si en promedio consume 166 paquetes de cigarrillos anuales, durante 50 años, debería reunir COP 2.659 648 (USD 969) cada año, y cada paquete debería tener un impuesto de COP 16 022 (USD 5,84).Conclusiones Si se acepta que el sistema de salud pague hasta tres PIB per cápita por cada año de vida por intervenciones en salud que aporten años, es razonable que aquellas intervenciones que quitan años de vida hagan también un aporte equivalente.
Experiencias de terapia ocupacional para la paz: aportes desde las regiones colombianas
Authors: Gómez-Galindo Ana M. , Peñas-Felizzola Olga Luz , Parra-Esquivel Eliana I.
Published: May 2018

Objetivos Identificar y caracterizar las experiencias profesionales de terapia ocupacional en las regiones de Colombia, relacionadas con la superación del conflicto armado.Métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal, con la aplicación de una encuesta sobre experiencias profesionales en el conflicto armado colombiano, versión digital, en el aplicativo Typeform, respondida por 34 terapeutas ocupacionales. La muestra diligenció el respectivo consentimiento informado para participar en el estudio.Resultados El balance general de las experiencias reportadas se concentran en la región andina; cubren 18 departamentos del país; un porcentaje representativo se desarrolla con comunidades indígenas; la intervención se ha dirigido especialmente a adultos y a la atención de víctimas y personas con discapacidad; el mayor énfasis ha sido comunitario; el terapeuta se ha vinculado principalmente como ejecutor y docente universitario; preocupan los problemas de presencia de actores armados ilegales y la realidad de una problemática desbordante; y como logros se resaltan el impacto de la intervención y los aprendizajes profesionales y personales capitalizados.Conclusiones El enfoque territorial demanda mayor presencia en las regiones y sensibilidad cultural. Fortalecer el trabajo con la población que estuvo vinculada a los grupos armados ilegales, con procesos de resignificación ocupacional que permitan avanzar en la reincorporación económica y social esperada.
La interseccionalidad del trabajo. Las transformaciones en el trabajo de las mujeres en Argentina
Authors: Scocco Marianela
Published: May 2018

Este artículo indaga sobre la incorporación masiva del trabajo de las mujeres a una nueva división social y sexual del trabajo en el marco de una crisis internacional del modelo de acumulación capitalista en los años setenta. Se analiza la categoría de género atravesada por las de trabajo y clase. Complementariamente, se precisan algunos apuntes sobre cómo se efectuaron dichas transformaciones en el mundo del trabajo en la Argentina a partir de la década de 1980, para visualizar el problema en un caso concreto. Por último, se utiliza la expresión clase-que-vive-del-trabajo del sociólogo brasilero Ricardo Antunes para otorgar validez contemporánea al concepto marxista de clase trabajadora y, de esta forma, poner en discusión las relaciones entre clase y género. Concluimos que, en un proceso más profundo de emancipación del género humano, es necesaria la acción conjunta e indispensable entre hombres y mujeres que pertenezcan a la clase trabajadora. Pero la lucha de las mujeres por su emancipación es también una acción contra las formas socio-históricas de la opresión masculina. Y en este sentido, la lucha feminista es precapitalista y será además poscapitalista, ya que el fin de la sociedad de clases no significa directamente el fin de la opresión de género.
Al compás de la tonada estatal: Conflicto agrario en Sarapiquí, 1980-2009
Authors: Guillén Araya María José
Published: May 2018

Este artículo estudia dos episodios de ocupaciones de tierras en la zona de enclave bananero de Sarapiquí, durante el periodo que va de 1980 al 2009 para conocer el papel que cumple el estado en los procesos políticos de conflicto agrario. En el análisis de las narrativas campesinas -en torno a las tomas de tierra, a las negociaciones públicas, las acciones colectivas y las disposiciones discursivas y organizativas- se problematiza las nociones de “ausencia” y/o “abandono” estatal, para llegar a la conclusión de que el estado puede estar institucionalmente ausente cuando se le piensa desde el ideal benefactor, pero presente selectivamente en procesos de judicialización, criminalización y represión; asimismo, se demuestra como el estado está donde menos se le busca: en las prácticas organizativas campesinas y su anhelo cotidiano de reconocimiento legal. El ajuste estructural promovió la contracción estatal, sin embargo, se concluye que ésta no fue absoluta, ocurrió en los ámbitos redistributivos más no así en los represivos.
Sujetos políticos y Estado en la geografía de las nuevas teorías críticas
Authors: Inda Graciela Alejandra
Published: May 2018

Con el propósito de detectar las líneas de combate que suscita en el campo de intervención de las nuevas teorías críticas el problema, heredado de la tradición marxista, de la relación entre práctica política de las clases subalternas y Estado, este artículo confronta las apuestas por la multitud cooperativa y productiva, por el sujeto político como fidelidad a un acontecimiento, por el pueblo como articulación hegemónica de demandas heterogéneas y por el sujeto político como emergente de una irrupción igualitaria. Como conclusión de una lectura atenta a las operaciones de demarcación y a las confluencias, se reconoce el trazado de  divisorias de aguas no superpuestas: entre las posiciones que, más allá de sus diferencias, definen a la política (y a sus sujetos) como una práctica excepcional en la historia de las formas de dominación que sólo adquiere todo su espesor cuando se despliega por completo a distancia del Estado y una posición que inscribe la política y sus operaciones en el campo estratégico del Estado; entre una visión de la política como espacio que se designa a sí mismo y crea sus propios sujetos (o es creada por ellos) y una perspectiva para la cual el mundo de la producción es el único terreno en el que puede conformarse un sujeto político auténtico; entre una tendencia que reclama por el internacionalismo de las luchas populares o de la multitud y otra que sitúa a los sujetos políticos en los espacios nacionales.
Study of onion processing waste powder for potential use in food sector
Authors: Prokopov T. , Slavov A. , Petkova N. , Yanakieva V. , Bozadzhiev B. , Taneva D.
Published: May 2018

The development of food products that contain value-added dietary fibre beside different classes of phytochemicals is of great interest nowadays. The present research aimed to evaluate the powder obtained from onion processing waste (OPW) for its potential use as a value-added by-product in food sector. Data on chemical and microbiological characterization of onion processing waste powder (OPWP) were obtained. The dietary fibre content and antioxidant activity were also determined. The results showed that the OPWP was a low-calorie natural source of insoluble fibres (60.52±0.13 g/100 g dw), total phenols (41.04±1.22 mg GAE/g dw), and total flavonoids (20.44±1.22 mg QE/g dw). Moreover, the OPWP could be considered as an important source of total fructans (9.04±0.28 g/100 g dw), fructooligosaccharides (2.76 g/100 g dw), and inulin (2.41±0.18 g/100 g dw). In conclusion, this OPWP could be used as a value-added and healthy food ingredient.
Influence of phenol and sugar interactions on antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice
Authors: Lončarić A. , Pichler A. , Rašić N. , Vukoja I. , Leventić A. , Kopjar M.
Published: May 2018

Nowadays, people are focusing on antioxidant-rich food due to its beneficial effect on health. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the interactions between catechin, quercetin, and gallic acid in the presence of sugars (sucrose and trehalose) in complex food matrix such as pomegranate juice. Antioxidant activity (AOA) was measured by three different methods, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In this paper, fundamental differences among used AOA measuring methods were confirmed, which can be traced back to interactions occurring between phenols and/or sugars. Even though addition of individual phenols increased AOA of mixtures, in the majority of binary and ternary mixtures antagonistic effects were observed. Positive effect of sugar addition was more pronounced in binary mixtures but the results were highly dependent on used AOA method.
Using Neurosociology and Evolutionary Sociology to Explain the Origin and Evolution of Religions
Authors: Turner Jonathan H.
Published: May 2018

Religion emerged as a cognitive capacity and behavioral propensity by virtue of Darwinian natural selection on hominins and then humans to become more social and group oriented. The capacity to be religious is only a modest extension of the Darwinian selection on cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal propensities of all great apes and, hence, early hominins. However, other forms of natural selection need to be added to the explanation of why religion became institutionalized in early human societies, why religious organizations arise and die from competition, and why violence is so often a part of religious revolution. These additional types of natural selection do not obviate Darwinian selection on the human brain, but they become a necessary supplement to Darwinian analysis if the early institutionalization and subsequent evolution of religion are to be more fully explained.
Religion, Neurosociology and Evolutionary Sociology
Authors: Fischer Ronald
Published: May 2018

Religion, Neurosociology and Evolutionary Sociology: Knocking on an Open Door or Why We Need More Interdisciplinary Communication
Turner’s Definition and Explanation of Religion
Authors: Guthrie Stewart Elliott
Published: May 2018

Turner’s Definition and Explanation of Religion
Explaining Religion(s) with Deep Historical Time Scales
Authors: Johannsen Niels N.
Published: May 2018

Explaining Religion(s) with Deep Historical Time Scales: A Comment from Cognitive Archaeology
What Is the Relationship of Spencerian, Durkheimian and Marxian Natural Selections to Darwinian Natural Selection and How Can We Formalize Their Mutual Interaction?
Authors: Kundt Radek
Published: May 2018

What Is the Relationship of Spencerian, Durkheimian and Marxian Natural Selections to Darwinian Natural Selection and How Can We Formalize Their Mutual Interaction?
Understanding the Evolution of Religion
Authors: Willard Aiyana K. , Baimel Adam
Published: May 2018

Understanding the Evolution of Religion: An Interdisciplinary Approach
THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION IN HEALTHCARE: TOOLS FOR ITS SOLUTION IN THE AREA OF PATIENT SAFETY
Authors: Kleymenova E. B. , Nazarenko G. I. , Payushchik S. A. , Yashina L. P.
Published: May 2018

Adherence to evidence-based clinical guidelines enhances patient safety, but the level of knowledge implementation into routine practice remains unsatisfactory. The concept of knowledge translation (KT) was proposed as a «process that includes the synthesis, dissemination, exchange, and ethically sound application of knowledge» to define the framework of knowledge transfer from research to practical activities aimed at improving the quality and safety of healthcare. Although Russian authors pay much attention to translational medicine, the problem of implementation research is poorly discussed. Modern information technologies including clinical decision support systems (CDSS) play a crucial role in KT, but the evidence of their effectiveness is poor. The authors describe a systematic approach to the practical implementation of knowledge imbedded in clinical guidelines based on the use of CDSS. CDSS implementation was accompanied by organizational measures that ensured the overall success: creation of standard operating protocols and quality register, clinical audit with feedback, and staff training. The effectiveness of this approach in reducing the risk of inhospital complications in Moscow general hospital is illustrated by the example of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) prevention. Implementation of a comprehensive program for HA-VTE prevention in 2014−2016 helped to increase the coverage with VTE and bleeding risk assessment from 15% to 80% (p0.0001), to reduce the frequency of pharmacological prophylaxis defects from 50.6% to 23% (p=0.01), to increase the compliance with anticoagulant use from 50% to 76% (p=0.0005), without increasing the rate of hemorrhagic complications. The HA-VTE rates decreased from 10 to 4.25 cases per 1000 overall hospital admissions (p=0.001), from 8 to 1.27 cases per 1000 operations in surgical patients (p=0.001) and from 12 to 6.38 cases per 1000 hospitalizations in therapeutic patients (p=0.06; with a statistically significant downward linear trend for HA-VTE rate, p=0.038).
EFFICACY OF SELECTIVE PDE-4 INHIBITOR IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS: CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Kubanov A. A. , Karamova A. Е. , Artamonova O. G.
Published: May 2018

Objective: We aim to present preliminary on about the efficacy of a new drug for plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treatment - an oral selective PDE-4 inhibitor (apremilast) in 3 psoriasis patients and evaluate apremilast efficacy and safety.Materials and methods: The study enrolled patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis who demonstrated lack of efficacy, negative side effects or intolerance to systemic therapy with methotrexate, acitretin, and phototherapy in anamnesis. Patients were administered with apremilast according to the prescription (start 10 mg daily, stepwise increase to 30 mg taken orally twice a day). The severity was estimated by PASI, BSA, sPGA, ptPGA; the patient’s quality of life was determined by DLQI. The efficacy was evaluated at week 14.Results: All patients reached significant clinical improvement (two patients reached ΔPASI50, one patient ΔPASI75, improvement of the nail plate state).Conclusion: According to our observations, apremilast is safe and effective for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, scalp and nail psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis.
Elderly and caregiver demand: proposal for a care need classification
Authors: Nunes Daniella Pires , Brito Tábatta Renata Pereira de , Corona Ligiana Pires , Alexandre Tiago da Silva , Duarte Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To propose a care need classification for elderly people by identifying their functional demands. Method: Cross-sectional study carried out in São Paulo, in 2006, with 1,413 elderly (≥ 60 years old), participants in the Health, Well-being and Aging study (SABE – Saúde, Bem Estar e Envelhecimento). For the care need classification, we used the Guttman Scaling method e the frequency of assistance required by the elderly. Results: The hierarchy of activities of daily living had good internal consistency (α = 0.92) and satisfactory coefficients of reproducibility (98%), scalability (84%) and minimum marginal reproducibility (87%). Care need was categorized into: no need (requires no caregiver), minimum need (requires caregiver sporadically), moderate need (requires caregiver intermittently) and maximum need (requires full-time caregiver). Conclusion: This classification will allow identifying elderly that need assistance in everyday activities and will orientante health professionals in the development of a line of care.
Active methodologies for graduation in nursing: focus on the health care of older adults
Authors: Souza Elaine Fernanda Dornelas de , Silva Amanda Gaspar , Silva Ariana Ieda Lima Ferreira da
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the experience of the use of simulation as active teaching methodology in the Developmental Psychology discipline and share its impacts on the students’ learning process. Method: Based on Active Methodologies, the students in Nursing of Universidade do Oeste Paulista – Presidente Prudente-SP developed simulated visits to older users of the Family Health Strategies. Results: In accordance with the 2014 National Curriculum Guidelines and the Brazilian Unified Health System, particularities of the needs of older adults at their homes were problematized. Final considerations: Addressing the biopsychosocial needs and integrality associated with the health of older adults in simulated home visits provides a differentiated instrument in the development of skills and competence of future nurses.