bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiome’s Next Generation Probiotic: Akkermansia Overview and Supplementation Health Benefits
Authors: Nayak Subhendu , McLean Meghan E , Mishra Swetaleena , Swain Durga Madhab
Published: March 2024

A bacterium known as Akkermansia muciniphila (AkkermansiaA. muciniphila) was detected in human feces in 2004. It is defined as a gram-negative, anaerobic, and mucin-degrading microbe belonging to the Verrucomicrobia species. Although the majority of A. muciniphila is found in the human intestinal tract playing a role in the gut microbiome, there are also smaller levels detected in breast milk and oral cavities as well as in the pancreas and appendix.Evidence suggests that having A. muciniphila present in the gut microbiome has positive effects on human health. As a result, A. muciniphila has been shown to have health benefits when taken as a dietary supplementation where it is considered a promising next-generation probiotic. However, the large-scale production of A. muciniphila remains a challenge due to its need for a stable environment. While culturing A. muciniphila in a mucin-based medium is one option, other strategies that use plate-based mediums have also been explored. Currently, both live and pasteurized forms of A. muciniphila are available on the market and shown to have promising outcomes in animal models. Additionally, researchers are investigating various prebiotics to increase the abundance of A. muciniphila in the human gut. This article presents a detailed summary of the phenotypic characteristics of A. muciniphila and its associations with various human health condition illnesses. Finally, the paper explores A. muciniphila's potential as an effective next-generation probiotic.
Atomistic Simulations of Defect Structures in Rare Earth Doped Magnesium Oxide
Authors: Zhao Yanfeng , Cormack Alastair N. , Wu Yiquan
Published: March 2024

Point defects induced by doping rare earth elements RE (Nd, Er) into the magnesium oxide host were investigated by classical atomistic simulations utilising the General Utility Lattice Program (GULP). Formation and association energies were calculated for the potential defect structures. Both isolated defects and defect complexes were considered. The most energetically favourable structures of defect complexes were found for rare earth doped and Li co-doped systems. The correlation between the association energy and the structure of the defect complex was investigated. The influences of Li were revealed with respect to energy and structure. The simulation results contribute to the understanding of the point defects of doped MgO and how Li influences the doping of rare earth elements in the MgO host.
Prevalence of Esbl Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae from Individuals with Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekpunobi Nzube Favour , Mgbedo Uchechukwu Glory , Okoye Lydia Chidinma , Agu Kingsley Chukwuebuka
Published: March 2024

Several efforts have been made to estimate the prevalence of different types of antibiotic resistance in different regions of Nigeria. The study investigated the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae encoding genes for CTX-M, TEM, and SHV-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) enzymes isolated from urine samples of non-hospitalized patients with suspected UTI in Lagos State, Nigeria. A 4-month retrospective study, spanning from May 2023 to August 2023, was conducted. K. pneumoniae was isolated from urine samples using standard microbiological methods. The modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to test for antibiotic susceptibility, and Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines were followed for interpretation. The double-disk synergy method was used to confirm the phenotypic identity of ESBL producers, and the results were interpreted in accordance with CLSI guidelines. The phenotypic method was utilized for ESBL screening, employing the standard disk diffusion method. The CTX-M ESBL gene, TEM gene, and SHV gene were found using multiplex PCR. Results revealed that 41 K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to third-generation Cephalosporins; the isolates showed resistance to ceftazidime in 100% of cases and ceftriaxone in 80.49% of cases respectively. It was determined that 8 (19.51%) of the isolates produced ESBL. Among Klebsiella isolates, the frequencies of the SHV, TEM, and CTX-M genes were 31 (75.61%), 4 (9.76%), and 10 (24.39%), in that order. Four isolates (9.67%) had the SHV, TEM, and CTX-M genes, while eight (19.51%) of the isolates possessed both the SHV and CTX-M genes. This investigation demonstrates high frequency, wide range of patterns and coexistence of ESBL genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from outpatient UTI patients. Although several phenotypic tests have been used for ESBL detection, testing directly for the presence of ESBL genes is always more accurate. The majority of the isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL producers had the SHV gene identified.
Smart Delivery Assignment Problem through Machine Learning and the Munkres Algorithm
Authors: Vásconez Juan Pablo , Schotborgh Elias , Vásconez Ingrid Nicole , Moya Viviana , Pilco Andrea , Menéndez Oswaldo , Guamán-Rivera Robert , Guevara Leonardo
Published: March 2024

In the realm of smart transportation and mobility, delivery organizations are continuously refining their strategies, harnessing resources and advanced analytical techniques to streamline operations, aiming to achieve optimal solutions in terms of both efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, a persistent challenge faced by these delivery companies revolves around the effective assignment of delivery personnel to customer orders, often grappling with suboptimal assignments that lead to inefficiencies and delays. To address this issue, we propose an architecture that uses the Munkres algorithm to optimize the task assignment problem for delivery personnel with pending orders, employing different cost functions obtained with deterministic and machine learning techniques. We compared the performance of linear and polynomial regression methods to construct different cost functions represented by matrices with orders and delivery people information. Subsequently, we applied the Munkres optimization algorithm to solve the assignment problem, which optimally assigns delivery people and orders. The results demonstrate that linear regression, used to estimate distance information, can reduce estimation errors by up to 568.52 km (1.51%) for our dataset compared to other methods. Conversely, polynomial regression proves effective in constructing a superior cost function based on time information, reducing estimation errors by up to 17,143.41 minutes (11.59%) compared to alternative methods. The proposed approach aims to enhance delivery personnel allocation within the delivery sector, optimizing the efficiency of this process.
A Lateral-Flow Device for the Rapid Detection of Scedosporium Species
Authors: Davies Genna E. , Thornton Christopher R.
Published: March 2024

Scedosporium species are human pathogenic fungi, responsible for chronic, localised, and life-threatening disseminated infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Diagnosis of Scedosporium infections currently relies on non-specific CT, lengthy and insensitive culture from invasive biopsy, and time-consuming histopathology of tissue samples. At present, there are no rapid antigen tests that detect Scedosporium-specific biomarkers. Here we report the development of a rapid (30 min) and sensitive (pmol/L sensitivity) lateral-flow device (LFD) test, incorporating a Scedosporium-specific IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), HG12, which binds to extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) antigens of between ~15 kDa and 250 kDa secreted during hyphal growth of the pathogens. The test is compatible with human serum, and allows the detection of the Scedosporium species most-frequently reported as agents of human disease (Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium aurantiacum, and Scedosporium boydii), with limits of detection (LOD) of the EPS biomarkers in human serum of ~0.81 ng/mL (S. apiospermum), ~0.94 ng/mL (S. aurantiacum), and ~1.95 ng/mL (S. boydii). The Scedosporium-specific LFD (ScedLFD) test therefore provides a potential novel opportunity for the detection of infections caused by different Scedosporium species.
APAR: A Structural Design and Guidance Framework for Gamification in Education
Authors: López-Ardao J. Carlos , Rodríguez-Rubio Raúl F. , Herrería-Alonso Sergio , Rodríguez Pérez Miguel , Sousa-Vieira María-Estrella
Published: March 2024

A common problem in education has always been to get students to achieve an adequate level of motivation and engagement. Many evidences show that gamification has the potential to make learning more engaging, motivating and effective. However, it is essential to design gamified experiences thoughtfully, ensuring that they align with educational objectives and promote meaningful learning outcomes, and so the lack of established design methodologies can lead to unintended consequences.
Prime Factorization and Diophantine Quintic Equations Insights, Challenges, and New Directions
Authors: U Zaman Budee
Published: March 2024

When discussing the Diophantine quintic equation $p(a^5 + b^5) = q(c^5 + d^5)$ where p is a prime and q is an integer, there is a clear gap between the mathematical literature and online forums. Because of the intrinsic complexity of parameterizing fifth-degree equations, this equation re- mains largely unexplored. In this work, we approach this quintic problem through algebraic methods with the goal of providing numerical solutions that illuminate its properties and behaviors.Our research uncovers in- triguing patterns and connections that shed light on the enigmatic nature of Diophantine quintic equations in this particular form.
Using Embroidered Interdigitated Electrodes (IDTs) to Monitor Biomarkers Present in Human Sweat
Authors: Amers Emmy L. , Orme Bethany V. , Wood David , Shi Yuyuan , Torun Hamdi , Dodd Linzi E.
Published: March 2024

The rapid growth of the global wearable technologies market is projected to reach $61.30 billion by 2030 which reflects a shift towards personalised health monitoring embedded in everyday activities. This paper explores the potential of embroidered interdigitated transducer (IDT)-based sensors for non-invasive, continuous monitoring of human biomarkers, particularly glucose levels, in human sweat. The study employs innovative embroidery techniques to create flexible fabric-based sensors with gold-coated IDTs. Experimental results demonstrate the sensor’s capability to detect water droplets and glucose concentrations, showcasing promising applications for health monitoring. The embroidered IDT-based sensors offer a unique approach for seamless integration into clothing, paving the way for personalised, continuous health data capture.
Community Group Purchasing of Next-Day Delivery: Bridging the Last Mile Delivery for Urban Residents during COVID-19 in China
Authors: Wang Yingying , Xu Feng , Li Gang
Published: March 2024

The rapid development of new retail and the impact of COVID-19 have catalyzed the blowout growth of community group purchasing. The emergence of community group purchasing collection and delivery points (CGPCDPs) has become a new way to solve the "last mile" problem of new retail delivery. Based on the point of interest (POI) data of CGPCDPs of Nansha District, Guangzhou City, this study uses text analysis, spatial analysis, model analysis, and other methods to analyze the operation mode, spatial distribution, and influencing factors of CGPCDPs. The conclusions are as follows: CGPCDPs initiators are mainly shopkeepers. They depend mainly on wholesale and retail shops. Service targets are mainly urban and rural communities, followed by industrial areas. The distribution of CGPCDPs has apparent spatial differentiation. At the macro scale, it shows the characteristics of "central agglomeration and peripheral dispersion". It is distributed along the "northwest-southeast" direction and presents a "dual-core multi-center" pattern. At meso-micro scale, different built environments in developed areas of cities, villages in the city (ChengZhongCun) and rural areas show distinct distribution patterns. The MGWR regression model has a better fitting effect than OLS and GWR. The main influencing factors are population density, construction land, house price, supporting place, residence density, urban community, and road proximity.
Use of Social Media in Disaster Management: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Seneviratne Krisanthi , Nadeeshani Malka , Senaratne Sepani , Perera Srinath
Published: March 2024

Studies on social media (SM) and disaster management (DM) have mainly focused on the adap-tation, application and use of SM in each stage of DM. With the widespread availability and use of SM, the effective utilisation of SM in DM is impeded by various challenges, but not yet com-prehensively researched. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the challenges, as well as the strategies to overcome the challenges and categorises them into a classified model. The study adopts a systematic literature review to present and analyse the challenges and strategies for us-ing SM in DM. Utilising prominent databases, 72 publications were carefully selected and ana-lysed qualitatively using content analysis. The findings revealed four key challenges to its users: spread of misinformation; insufficient human resources to manage SM use; lack of trust in infor-mation and authorities; and, poor information quality and content of messages. The study identi-fied several strategies to overcome challenges, which can be classified into three sectors of the SM community: individuals, organisations, and SM companies. These findings contribute to enhanc-ing the effective utilisation of SM in DM by community practitioners. Furthermore, this study provides insight into the current status of knowledge and identifies the research gaps around SM in DM for future research.
Topology and Dynamics of Transcriptome (Dys)regulation
Authors: Planat Michel , Chester David
Published: March 2024

RNA transcripts play a crucial role as witnesses of gene expression health. Identifying disruptive short sequences in RNA transcription and regulation is essential for potentially treating diseases. Let’s delve into the mathematical intricacies of these sequences. We’ve previously devised a mathematical approach for defining a “healthy” sequence (10.14218/GE.2023.00079). This sequence is characterized by having at most four distinct nucleotides (denoted as nt≤4). It serves as the generator of a group denoted as fp. The desired properties of this sequence are as follows: fp should be close to a free group of rank nt−1, it must be aperiodic, fp should not have isolated singularities within its SL2(C) character variety (specifically within the corresponding Groebner basis). Now, let’s explore the concept of singularities. There are cubic surfaces associated with the character variety of a four-punctured sphere denoted as S24. When we encounter these singularities, we find ourselves dealing with some algebraic solutions of a dynamical second-order differential (and transcendental) equation known as the Painlevé VI equation (10.3390/dynamics4010001). In certain cases, S24 degenerates, in the sense that two punctures collapse, resulting in a “wild” dynamics governed by the Painlevé equations of an index lower than VI. In our paper, we provide examples of these fascinating mathematical structures within the context of miRNAs. Specifically, we find a clear relationship between decorated character varieties of Painlevé equations and the character variety calculated from the seed of oncomirs. These findings should find applications in cancer research.
How Olive Oil Health Claims Depend on Fruit Quality
Authors: Peres Fátima , Gouveia Cecília , Vitorino Conceição , Ferreira-Dias Suzana
Published: March 2024

The most relevant fungal disease of the olive tree in Portugal is anthracnose, which has negative effects on fruit destruction and consequently on the yield and quality of the olive oil. Moreover, the loss of quality caused by olive fruit fly is associated with the presence of fungi in the galleries made by the larvae. The present study focuses on the effect of olive anthracnose and olive fly on the content of bioactive compounds, namely on hydroxytyrosol (HYT) and its derivatives (health claim) in olive oils extracted from 'Galega Vulgar' and 'Cobrançosa' cultivars. The olives, with different damage levels (olive fly and anthracnose disease), were harvested in Castelo Branco (Center of Portugal) in organic rainfed orchards, at four harvest times during 2019, 2020 and 2021 harvest years. The fruits were immediately submitted to olive oil extraction. The results of the quality criteria show that Galega olive oils extracted from olives with a higher anthracnose incidence show no conformity for the Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and Virgin Olive Oil (VOO) categories, with high acidity values and negative sensory notes accompanied by the disappearance of oleacein (the main phenolic compound of both monovarietal olive oils). Conversely, no sensory defects were observed in Cobrançosa olive oils extracted from fruit with high anthracnose and olive fly incidence. Moreover, despite a decrease in all the positive attributes associated with the cultivar, namely in oleacein and oleocanthal contents, quality criteria were still in accordance with the EVOO category. The total HYT and tyrosol (TYR) content (> 5 mg/20g) allows the use of the health claim on the label of all the analysed Cobrançosa olive oils.
Real-World Effectiveness, Persistence, Adherence, and Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitor Baricitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Long-Term Study
Authors: Calvo-Garcia Alberto , Ramírez Herráiz Esther , Llorente Cubas Irene Maria , Varas De Dios Blanca , Morell Baladrón Alberto , Benedí González Juana , García-Vicuña Rosario
Published: March 2024

Background/Aim: Baricitinib (BAR) is the first oral selective Janus kinase inhibitor approved in Europe for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Real-world data are still needed to clarify its long-term benefit/risk profile. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, persistence, adherence, and safety of BAR in a real-world setting. Methods: An ambispective study was conducted between October 2017 and December 2021 in RA patients starting BAR. Effectiveness was evaluated by change from baseline in the Disease Activity Score using 28-joint counts-C reactive protein (DAS28CRP), and achievement of low disease activity/remission. Drug persistence was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Adherence was estimated by medication possession ratio (MPR) and the 5-item Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology. Safety was assessed by global incidence proportion and adjusted incidence rates of adverse events. Results: 61/64 recruited patients were finally analyzed, 83.6% female, 78.7% seropositive, mean age of 58.1 (15.4) years, and disease duration of 13.9 (8.3) years. 32.8% were naïve to biologics and 16.4% received BAR on monotherapy. After a median exposure to BAR of 12.4 (6.6-31.2) months (range 3.1-51.4), a significant change in DAS28CRP was observed (difference -1.2, p=0.000). A total of 70.5% and 60.7% patients achieved low disease activity or remission, respectively and 50.8% (31/61) patients remained on BAR during follow-up with a median persistence of 31.2 (9.3-53.1) months. The average MPR was 0.96 (0.08) and all patients were “good adherents” by questionnaire. 21.3% patients discontinued baricitinib due to toxicity. Conclusion: In our real-world practice, BAR demonstrated effectiveness, large persistence, high adherence to treatment and acceptable safety profile.
No Pain Device: Empowering Personal Safety with An Artificial Intelligence-Based Nonviolence Embedded System
Authors: Giorgio Agostino
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the development of a novel anti-violence device titled "no pAIn" (an acronym for Never Oppressed Protected by Artificial Intelligence Nonviolence system), which harnesses the power of artificial intelligence (AI). Primarily designed to combat violence against women, the device offers personal safety benefits for individuals across diverse demographics. Operating autonomously, it necessitates no user interaction post-activation. The AI engine conducts real-time speech recognition and effectively discerns genuine instances of aggression from non-violent disputes or conversations.
Facilitated by its Internet connectivity, in the event of detected aggression, the device promptly issues assistance requests with real-time precise geolocation tracking to predetermined recipients, for immediate assistance. Its compact size enables discreet concealment within commonplace items like candy wrappers, or within purpose-built casings, or as wearable accessories. The device is battery-operated.
The prototype was developed using a microcontroller board (Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect), incorporating an omnidirectional microphone and Wi-Fi module, all at a remarkably low cost. Subsequent functionality testing, performed in debug mode using the Arduino IDE serial monitor, yielded successful results. The AI engine exhibited exceptional accuracy in word recognition, complemented by a robust logic implementation, rendering the device highly reliable in discerning genuine instances of aggression from non-violent scenarios
Cystatin F Depletion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages Improves Cathepsin C/Granzyme B-driven Cytotoxic Effects on HIV-Infected Cells during Coinfection.
Authors: Mandal Manoj , Pires David , Calado Marta , Azevedo-Pereira José Miguel , Anes Elsa
Published: March 2024

Cystatin F (CstF) is a protease inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins, including those involved in acti-vating the perforin/granzyme cytotoxic pathways. It is targeted to the endolysosomal pathway but can also be secreted to the extracellular milieu or endocytosed by bystander cells. CtsF was shown to be significantly increased in tuberculous pleurisy, and during HIV coinfection, pleural fluids display high viral loads. In human macrophages, we revealed a strong upregulation of CstF during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). CstF manipulation using RNA si-lencing led to increased proteolytic activity of lysosomal cathepsins, improving Mtb intracellular killing. Here, we investigate the impact of CstF depletion during coinfection of Mtb-infected mac-rophages with lymphocytes infected with HIV. Our results indicate that decreasing CstF released by phagocytes impacts the major pro-granzyme convertase cathepsin C of cytotoxic immune cells. Consequently, an observed increase of the granzyme B apoptotic effects leads to a significant re-duction in viral replication in HIV-infected lymphocytes. Overall, our results indicate a mecha-nism of Mtb/HIV evasion of the cytotoxic mediated pathogen killing driven by the ax-is CstF/ catC/granzymes contributing to this syndemic interaction. Ultimately, this knowledge can be crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches to control both pathogens based on manipulating CstF.
Oceanographic Research in Thermaikos Gulf: A Review over Five Decades
Authors: Androulidakis Yannis , Makris Christos , Kombiadou Katerina , Krestenitis Yannis N. , Stefanidou Natassa , Antoniadou Chryssanthi , Krasakopoulou Evangelia , Kalatzi Maria-Ignatia , Baltikas Vasilis , Moustaka-Gouni Maria , Chintiroglou Chariton Charles
Published: March 2024

Thermaikos Gulf (TG) is a semi-enclosed, river-influenced, marine system situated in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, sustaining both urban coastal regions and ecologically preserved natural areas. Facing a plethora of environmental and anthropogenic pressures, the TG serves as a critical nexus where human activities intersect with marine ecosystems. The second largest city of Greece, Thessaloniki, is located in the northern part of the gulf, while a large environmentally protected zone with multiple river deltas is lying along its western coasts. The quality and health of the TG’s marine environment are tightly linked to the socioeconomic activities of the coastal communities comprising approximately 1.5 million inhabitants. The main features of TG’s environmental dynamics and ecological status have been scrutinized by dedicated research endeavours during the last 50 years. This review synthesizes the seminal findings of these investigations, offering an evaluation of their contribution to research, their present collective impact, and their trajectory toward the future. A severe deterioration of the TG’s environmental quality was detected in the 1970s and 1980s when treatment of urban wastewater was completely absent. A steady trend of recovery was observed after the 1990s, however without achieving, so far, the goal of a “good environmental state”, mandated by national legislation and European directives. The most important research gaps and uncertainties are also discussed and specific recommendations for the improvement of monitoring and understanding about the physical, biochemical, and ecological state of the gulf are provided. The most significant discrepancy is related to the fragmentary monitoring of the TG in both space (partial coverage) and time (temporal gaps), which has been intensified after 2010 due to the reduced funding for environmental research and protection under the severe Greek economic recession. This review aspires to highlight the importance of bolstering monitoring initiatives that can provide continuous observations and further understanding on the TG's ecological and physicochemical conditions. Targeted recommendations, aimed at ameliorating the fragmented monitoring processes, are also provided, advocating for a holistic approach that can safeguard the ecological integrity of the Thermaikos Gulf and uphold its role as a crucial link to marine biodiversity and sustainability in the Mediterranean basin.
Immune Response to Mosquito Allergens Is Associated with Cross-Reactive Bee Venom Components: The Importance of Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants (CCDs) in the Bee-Mosquito Syndrome.
Authors: Uasuf Carina Gabriela , D'Anna Claudia , Blanda Valeria , Scala Enrico , Di Sano Caterina , Barrale Maria , Brusca Ignazio , Torina Alessandra
Published: March 2024

Mosquitoes are a family of the order Diptera, which includes more than 3500
species. Two groups
able to suck human blood and transmit diseases: the anophelines and the
culicines comprise several genera such as Culex, Aedes and Aedes communis (Ac).
Previous study has demonstrated a significant relationship between Ac sensitization
and either extract or single bee venom components suggesting a “bee-mosquito
syndrome” occurrence. It is well known that CCD can interference with the measurement of quantitative IgE results. Hence, it has been hypnotized that the presence of sIgE to CCD could have a role in the Bee-Mosquito syndrome.
Method
Serum from 21 different Mosquito and Ape melifera allergic individuals were
combined with extracts of Mosquito (in house) and Apis melifera. SDS-PAGE
and Immunoblot (IB) were carried out without and with with CCD-Inhibitor.

Results
The data would
suggest IgE binding to common bands between Culex male, Culex female and
Aedes species mosquitos of approximate molecular weight ~21kDa, ~35kDa,
~40kDa and ~55kDa. Whilst IgE binding has been observed to protein bands from
the Apis melifera extract, these bands do not align with any present in the
mosquito extracts.
The use of a CCD-Inhibitor results in differences in IgE binding. Specifically, bands that were previously observed in the Apis melifera venom sample without use of CCD-Inhibitor at 40kDa and 90kDa are no longer observed when CCD-Inhibitor is used. Two bands of the Apis melifera venom remain present between 15-20kDa.
No major differences in banding pattern were observed for the mosquito samples with or without CCD-Inhibitor, although the blot appears cleaner with less background when CCD-Inhibitor is used.
Conclusion
Further experiments have to be done to determine whether the reactive bands
from Apis melifera are unrelated proteins or whether the proteins are related
homologues of varying molecular weight.
Theory of Majorana–Type Heavy Ion Double Charge Exchange Reactions by Pion-Nucleon Isotensor Interactions
Authors: Lenske Horst , Bellone Jessica , Colonna Maria , Gambacurta Danilo
Published: March 2024

The theory of heavy ion double charge exchange (DCE) reactions proceeding by effective rank–2 isotensor interactions is presented. Virtual pion–nucleon charge exchange interactions are investigated as the source for induced isotensor interactions, giving rise to the Majorana DCE (MDCE) reaction mechanism. MDCE is of a generic character, proceeding through pairs of complementary (π±,π∓) reactions in the projectile and target nucleus. The dynamics of the elementary processes is discussed where the excitation of pion–nucleon resonances are of central importance. Investigations of initial and final state ion–ion interactions show that these effects are acting as vertex renormalizations. In closure approximation, well justified by the finite pion mass, the second order transition matrix elements reduce to pion potentials and effective two–body isotensor DCE interactions, giving rise also to two–body correlations in either of the participating nuclei. Connections to neutrinoless Majorana double beta decay (MDBD) are elucidated at various levels of dynamics, from the underlying fundamental electro–weak and QCD scales to the physical scales of nuclear MDBD and MDCE physics. It is pointed out that heavy ion MDCE reactions may also proceed by competing electro–weak charge exchange processes, leading to lepton MDCE by electrons, positrons, and neutrinos.
The Spectrum the Disease and Metabolic Evaluation in Urolithiasis Patients: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Urology Centre.
Authors: Balagobi Balasingam , Thangarajah Brammah R , Thuraisamy Sarma Sundaramoorthy Iyer , Sripandurangana Sujeenthan , Sivashankar Meganathan , Rajendra Sittampalam , Vinojan Satchchithanantham , Shathana Paramanathan
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Urolithiasis, a prevalent urological condition (8-13% globally) exhibits regional variations, influenced by water quality, climate, health factors and diet. Sri Lanka with its tropical climate and dietary patterns is part of the "Stone Belt" of Asia. This study in Northern Sri Lanka examines urinary stone compositions and assesses the prevalence of metabolic disorders among urolithiasis patients.

Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study, conducted at tertiary urology centre from July 2022 to June 2023, focused on surgically treated urolithiasis patients. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained. Patient details and investigational findings were collected through questionnaires and data extraction forms. Stone analysis utilized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and detailed metabolic evaluation of 24 hour urine collection sample is carried out.
Results
This study followed 153 surgically treated urolithiasis patients, primarily male (64.3%), mean age 48.64. Ureteric colic (48.4%) was common, with kidney stones (45.8%) prevalent; 57.52% had recurrent stones. Diabetes mellitus (DM=23.5%) was the top comorbidity. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stones (78.4%) were most frequent, followed by uric acid (12.4%). COM predominated in 40-59 age group. No significant gender-stone type association. 86.9% had metabolic abnormalities, notably hypocitraturia (60.1%). 23% had both hypocitraturia and hypomagnesuria. Some metabolic disorders showed gender differences, with a marginal age-metabolic disorders association (p < 0.061). Urine oxalate levels were normal with higher variability in males.
Conclusion
Middle-aged males with urolithiasis commonly presented with ureteric colic and predominantly had calcium oxalate monohydrate stones. Recurrent stones were common, often accompanied by metabolic abnormalities such as hypocitraturia and hypomagnesuria, with diabetes mellitus as the primary comorbidity.
Seroprevalence, and Risk Factors of Post-Vaccination Antibodies for Foot and Mouth Disease in Tanah Laut District, South Borneo in 2022-2023
Authors: Ma'ruf Adrin , Susetya Heru , Untari Tri , Zuraida Elfa
Published: March 2024

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) caused by the Foot Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) is an animal disease that spreads quickly and causes huge economic losses. The Indonesian government has established the vaccination program as a form of national FMD management in 2022. This study was conducted to determine the success and post-vaccination seroprevalence of FMD in Tanah Laut District, South Borneo, and to analyze the factors that influence the success of vaccination. The research method is observational analytic with a cross-sectional study approach. Samples were sera of cows and goats that had been vaccinated, then tested serologically with SP ELISA serotype O and NSP ELISA. Result analyzed by chi-square test (X2), odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), and spatial analysis (average nearest neighbor).The seroprevalence of immunity to FMD in Tanah Laut Regency was 95.94%. Factors that influence the formation of antibodies after FMD vaccination were the type of animal (OR = 3.781), age (OR = 6.106), sex (OR = 2.801), rearing system (OR = 3.848), feed (OR = 3.448), type of vaccine (OR = 5.508), and number of vaccinations (OR = 0.109). Spatial analysis shows a clustered pattern (Nearest Neighbor Ratio = 0.005457). The seroprevalence of immunity to FMD in Tanah Laut Regency was 95.94%. Goat immune seroprevalence has a higher value when compared to cattle. Factors that influence the formation of FMD vaccination antibodies are animal type, age, sex, feed, rearing system, type of vaccine, and number of vaccinations.
Pengembangan Media Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Adobe Captivate Learning Pada Materi Perubahan Iklim
Authors: Fauziah Fauziah Dwi Wiranti , Hari Utomo Dwiyono , Sari Ike
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk multimedia interaktif yang valid/layak sebagai media pembelajaran dengan Adobe Captivate dalam penerapan proses pembelajaran. Jenis penilitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan model ADDIE yaitu analisis (analyze), perancangan (design), pengembangan (development), implementasi (implementation), dan evaluasi (evalution). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran multimedia interaktif menggunakan aplikasi Adobe Captivate pada materi perubahan iklim yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi kriteria layak dengan skor rata-rata dari penilaian aspek media 97,3%, dan aspek materi 92,5% dalam kategori sangat layak. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan respon siswa terhadap media pembelajaran multimedia interaktif menggunakan Adobe Captivate pada materi perubahan iklim yaitu dengan persentase 88% termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran
The The Level of Community Participation in Maintaining Environmental Health in Fishermen's Settlements, Cilincing sub-district, North Jakarta
Authors: Indri Apriliani  , Hotimah Oot , Badaruddin Mataburu Ilham
Published: March 2024

Fisherman settlements in Cilincing Village, North Jakarta are desenly populated settlements. The role of the community in maintaining environmental health is very necessary to prevent the spread of disease. In 2020 the number of healthy and larva-free houses in RW 04 Cilincing Village is still low. This study aims to determine the level of community participation in maintaining environmental health in fishermen’s settlements, Cilincing Village, North Jakarta. This research method is descriptive research with survey approach. The results showed that the level of community participation at the planning stage had a score of 43.62% (medium), the level of community participation at the implementation stage has a score of 50.16% (medium), and the level of community participation at the evaluation/monitoring stage has a score of 46.46% (medium). While the level of community participation as a whole from the planning, implementation, and evaluation/monitoring stages has a score of 47.25% (medium). The main thing that causes the level of community participation to be in the moderate category is due to the uneven distribution of information, as well as the lack of public awareness in preventing dengue and waste management.
Reference Intervals (RIs) in veterinary medicine
Authors: Quagliardi Martina , Galosi Livio , Rossi Giacomo , Roncarati Alessandra , Gavazza Alessandra
Published: March 2024

Reference Intervals (RIs) are necessary in veterinary clinical pathology to provide a data base in order to compare results obtained from healthy versus diseased animals. Data are obtained from laboratory tests and, depending on whether they have a Gaussian or non-Gaussian distribution, are processed through statistical tests to define the RIs. This process begins with a healthy reference population made up of individuals who have been initially chosen based on inclusion or exclusion criteria. It is frequently challenging to have a large number of healthy individuals on which to establish de novo RIs, especially in wild and exotic animals. However, the use of reference intervals in daily clinical practice remains a fundamental instrument for therapeutic and diagnostic decisions, but it must always be accompanied by clinical findings that can confirm the hypothesis.
Remote post-mortem veterinary meat inspections in bovine and analysis of post-mortem inspection outcomes: preliminary results
Authors: Peruzy Maria Francesca , Vuoso Valeria , Felicani Claudio , Cotturone Giuseppe , Houf Kurt , Murru Nicoletta
Published: March 2024

The work aimed to collect and analyse data obtained from the routine post-mortem veterinary inspection of bovine viscera and to evaluate the reliability of remote veterinary meat inspections. A comparative study was conducted on viscera belonging to 30 bovines.  For each bovine, findings were recorded simultaneously by two veterinarians, one conducting an on-site post-mortem inspection and another performing the remote inspection through a tablet.  A total of 10 (33.33 %) bovines were healthy. In a total of 18 (60.00 %) and 11 animals (33.00 %) pulmonary and hepatic lesions were respectively, observed. The most reported finding was pleuritis recorded in 17 animals (56.67 %), followed by pneumonia (16.67 %). The agreement between the two methods used for the post-mortem inspection of bovines was generally high. In an overall 73.33 % of bovines the findings recorded by the veterinarian who conducted the on-site post-mortem inspection and those recorded by the veterinarian performing the remote inspection were overlapping. In conclusion, a move to a remote post-mortem inspection has a negligible negative impact on public health since the most frequently detected lesions recorded were of scarce significance and in most cases, they were effectively detected by the veterinarian through the tablet.
Prediction of sheep bulk milk coagulation properties from mid-infrared spectral data
Authors: Boselli Carlo , Guerra Alberto , Costa Angela , De Marchi Massimo
Published: March 2024

The technological features of milk are essential for cheese manufacturing. This is particularly true for Italy, where most of the milk produced by sheep is intended for cheese production. The possibility to evaluate technological characteristics and coagulation aptitude of milk in advance, before any treatment, is crucial for decision-making at industry level. In the present study, we tested the ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy for prediction of coagulation traits (rennet coagulation time and curd firmness) by using more than 4000 bulk milk samples of 344 sheep herds. The models developed with a partial least square regression showed that spectral data points can be successfully used to predict the two traits. The coefficient of determination in external validation was 0.42 for rennet coagulation time and 0.28 for curd firmness, indicating that sheep milk delivered to dairies can undergo a preliminary screening only to assess the expected coagulation time. This finding will allow manufacturers to evaluate the milk received from farmers. Further investigation will be need to improve the prediction of rennet coagulation time that can be coupled with composition traits to define premiums or penalties in the payment system.
investigation into vibration analysis for detecting faults in vehicle steering outer tie-rod
Authors: Alaraji Yousif , Alp Sina
Published: March 2024

This study presents a novel fault detection method in car gear steering systems, employing MSC Adams and MATLAB simulations to analyze angular acceleration from the outer tie rod. The approach closely mimics real accelerometer data to differentiate between normal and faulty conditions, including wear and obstacle navigation. Emphasis is on noise robustness, utilizing advanced noise injection and denoising techniques. The efficacy of wavelet scattering, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) methods, and classifiers like Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Neural Networks (NN) is extensively evaluated. Among fifteen fault detection methods, the combination of wavelet scattering with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Networks, optimized with Adam tuning, is notably stable across four scenarios. The research highlights the importance of precise feature selection, employing techniques like Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). This research significantly advances the reliability of autonomous driving systems and provides essential insights into fault detection in gear steering systems.
Spatial model of groundwater contamination risks from pit-latrines under multiple sanitation scenarios in a low-income country
Authors: Hinton Rebekah , Kalin Robert , Kanjaye Modesta , Mleta Prince , Macleod Christopher , Troldborg Mads
Published: March 2024

Pit-latrines are central to achieving UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6) of ensuring “clean water and sanitation for all”. Unless safely managed, pit-latrines result in groundwater contamination, which increases morbidity and mortality. Despite this, there have been no long-term spatial projections of future pit-latrine contamination risks. National survey data of over 100,000 water-points and 260,000 pit-latrines in Malawi was used to generate a novel, high-resolution model of pit-latrines from 2020-2070 under five population and three stakeholder informed sanitation policy scenarios.
The ‘business as usual’ model predicts a three-fold increase in the number of current water-points at risk of microbial pit-latrine contamination between 2020-2070, with a seven-fold increase in number at the highest risk of contamination. Current nitrogen loading into pit-latrines is comparable to national fertiliser application. The model predicts 8.2 mega-tonnes of faecal nitrogen will be disposed of into subsequently abandoned pit-latrines between 2020-2070. Guided intervention is necessary to prevent SDG6’s push for sanitation undermining its goal of clean water.
Exogenous Melatonin Strengthens Saline-alkali Stress Tolerance in M9-T337 Seedlings by Initiating a Variety of Physiological and Biochemical Pathways
Authors: Xian Xulin , Zhang zhongxing , Wang Shuangcheng , cheng Jiao , Gao Yanlong , Ma Naiying , Li Cailong , Wang Yanxiu
Published: March 2024

Melatonin (MT) is an important phytohormone that significantly regulates the growth and development of plants. Previous studies confirmed the effectiveness of MT in improving plant stress tolerance. In this study, annual M9-T337 seedlings were selected as subjects and five treatments were applied: conventional control (CK), in which only half the concentration of Hoagland was applied; Saline-alkali stress treatment (SA, 100 mmol·L-1 Saline-alkali solution); melatonin treatment (MT, CK + 200 μmol·L-1 exogenous MT); Saline-alkali + melatonin treatment (MS, SA + 200 μmol·L-1 exogenous MT); and Saline-alkali stress + melatonin + inhibitor treatment (HS, additional 100 μmol·L-1 p-CPA treatment to MS). The results showed that Saline-alkali stress negatively affected the growth of M9-T337 seedlings by reducing photosynthetic capacity, increasing Na+, promoting reactive oxygen species such as H2O2, and changing the osmotic content and antioxidant system. However, the application of exogenous MT effectively alleviated Saline-alkali damage and significantly promoted the growth of M9-T337 seedlings. It significantly increased plant height, diameter, root length, root surface area, volume and activity. Furthermore, MT alleviated osmotic stress by accumulating proline, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and starch. Furthermore, MT improved photosynthetic capacity by delaying chlorophyll degradation and regulating gas exchange parameters as well as fluorescence parameters in leaves. Furthermore, MT improved the Na+/K+ ratio to reduce ion toxicity by upregulating the expression of Na+ transporter genes (MhCAX5, MhCHX15, MhSOS1, and MhALT1) and downregulating the expression of K+ transporter genes (MhSKOR and MhNHX4). In addition, MT can increase antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT, AAO, APX and MDH) in the ASA-GSH cycle and increase AsA, GSH and GSSG levels to counteract the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). such as H2O2 and O2-, reducing oxidative damage. Exogenous MT promotes root growth under salt-alkaline stress by increasing root activity and responding synergistically with IAA, GA3 and ZT to salt-alkaline stress. Our results confirm that MT has the potential to alleviate Saline-alkali stress by promoting root growth, increasing biomass accumulation and photosynthetic capacity, strengthening the antioxidant defense system, maintaining ionic balance, the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the Osmoregulation facilitates and regulates endogenous hormone levels in M9-T337 seedlings.
The effect of pre-treatments on atrazine removal from source water by microbubble ozonation
Authors: Rehman Ratul , Lu Wanmeng , Shi Lifang , Yang Yahong , Pan Li
Published: March 2024

Ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as promising technologies for water treatment. Recent studies have shown that ozone microbubbles can enhance ozone mass transfer during water treatment, and combining microbubble ozonation with pre-treatment steps can improve the removal of micropollutants from source water. This study evaluated the removal of atrazine from natural water using three different combined processes (chlorine/KMnO4/PAC pre-treatment followed by ozonation). The results indicate that all three combined processes achieved higher atrazine removal rates than pre-treatment alone or ozonation alone. The atrazine removal rate was highest at alkaline pH values, and all three combined processes were affected by oxidant dose and pH. The combination of chlorine pre-treatment with ozonation was the most effective for natural source water, with a removal rate of 59.7% that exceeded the sum of the individual treatments. However, this combined process was affected by water quality, particularly the nature of organic matter, and a relatively high concentration of ammonia nitrogen (greater than 0.5 mg/L) negatively impacted on treatment outcomes. This study highlights the potential for utilizing ozone micro/nanobubbles to enhance ozone mass transfer and provides valuable insights for optimizing the combined application of pre-treatment and ozonation to remove atrazine from natural water sources efficiently.