bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questioning the Constitutional Order: A Comparison of the French and the U.S. Politics–Administration Dichotomy Controversies After World War II
Authors: Rosser Christian , Mavrot Céline
Published: August 2016

By comparing the French and the U.S. controversies on the appropriate position of public administration within the constitutional order of the state after World War II, this article aims to contribute to the historical clarification of the politics–administration dichotomy as one of the key ideas of administrative research and theory. The article underscores that the same phenomenon—the rejection of the dichotomy—has led to different conclusions among administrative scholars on both sides of the Atlantic. In the United States, the dichotomy was rejected in favor of a reinforcement of the legislature and the judiciary as well as a more representative administration to preserve the plurality of interests of American society. In contrast, the French rejection was aimed toward strengthening the executive and the administrative elite as guardians of the general interest. The article illustrates how ideas and values about public administration change according to different spatiotemporal contexts. If these contexts are disregarded, understanding remains fragmentary at best, if not misleading.
Factors Predicting Desistance From Reoffending: A Validation Study of the SAPROF in Sexual Offenders
Authors: Yoon Dahlnym , Turner Daniel , Klein Verena , Rettenberger Martin , Eher Reinhard , Briken Peer
Published: August 2016

The present study aims at validating the German version of the Structured Assessment of PROtective Factors (SAPROF) for violence risk in a representative sample of incarcerated adult male sexual offenders. Sexual offenders ( n = 450) were rated retrospectively with the SAPROF using the database of the Federal Evaluation Centre for Violent and Sexual Offenders (FECVSO) in the Austrian Prison System. Interrater reliability and predictive validity of the SAPROF scores concerning desistance from recidivism were calculated. Concurrent and incremental validity were tested using the combination of the SAPROF and the Sexual Violence Risk–20 (SVR-20). Interrater reliability was moderate to excellent, and predictive accuracy for various types of recidivism was rather small to moderate. There was a clear negative relationship between the SAPROF and the SVR-20 risk factors. Whereas the SAPROF revealed itself as a significant predictor for various recidivism categories, it did not add any predictive value beyond the SVR-20. Although the SAPROF itself can predict desistance from recidivism, it seems to contribute to the risk assessment in convicted sexual offenders only to a limited extent, once customary risk assessment tools have been applied. Implications for clinical use and further studies are discussed.
Anaphylactic reaction due to cefuroxime axetil: A rare cause of anaphylaxis
Authors: del Villar-Guerra Pablo , Moreno Vicente-Arche Blanca , Castrillo Bustamante Sara , Santana Rodríguez Carlos
Published: August 2016

One of the most used cephalosporins in clinical practice is cefuroxime axetil. Anaphylaxis due to the administration of cefuroxime is considered a rare event. We report a case of anaphylactic reaction after the administration of cefuroxime in a child who had tolerated the drug in past exposures. Diagnostic workup is recommended for all patients with at least a moderate anaphylactic reaction (hypotension, tachycardia, bronchial hyperreactivity). This should include a detailed history of the event, previous allergies, and underlying conditions. Unfortunately, all currently available diagnostic approaches (IgE, skin-prick-test, tryptase) leave a significant percentage of non-diagnostic results and false positive or negative outcomes.
Stress Management and Health Promotion in a Sample of Women With Intimate Partner Violence: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kokka Anastasia , Mikelatou Maria , Fouka Georgia , Varvogli Liza , Chrousos George P. , Darviri Christina
Published: August 2016

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a stress management program regarding mitigating psychological repercussions in women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV). This randomized controlled trial took place from January 2015 to June 2015, in Attica, Greece. A total of 60 women were randomly assigned into an intervention and control group, with the intervention group ( n = 30) receiving stress management and a lifestyle program. Self-reported measures were used to assess stress, depression and anxiety levels, daily routine, severity of abuse, self-esteem, health locus of control, and self-efficacy. Statistical analysis showed a significant improvement in measures of stress, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in the intervention group. Daily routine and physical exercise also improved. Based on these findings, we strongly encourage health professionals to advise women experiencing current and past IPV to adopt stress management techniques to their daily program, as a further means of empowerment.
Mutilation in Korean Homicide: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Sea Jonghan , Beauregard Eric
Published: August 2016

Mutilation is a rare and unusual act performed on a victim, especially in cases of homicide. Knowledge on mutilation homicide is scarce as the base rate of this type of homicide is very low. Moreover, previous studies examining this specific criminal behavior have been mainly descriptive, neglecting to look at other factors related to the act of mutilation. Furthermore, depending on the cultural context and country of origin, the infliction of mutilation pre-, per-, or post-homicide translates into different meanings. Therefore, it is important to examine mutilation homicide in the context of non-Western countries. Using crime and forensic examination reports subjected to forensic examination and convicted for a homicide between 1995 and 2011 ( N = 1,200) in Korea, the rate of mutilation homicide was estimated. Based on the 65 cases (5.4%) identified, information on the offenses and offenders were described. Moreover, using a series of bivariate analyses, the current study compared cases of mutilation homicides in Korea with other countries. Findings revealed interesting differences and similarities between mutilation homicide cases from Korea and the other countries. For instance, offender–victim relationship, victim’s gender, and criminal history were significantly different from the comparison groups. In addition, compared with Korea, mutilation homicide cases were significantly more likely to involve an accomplice in Finland, suggesting the need to carry the body over a long distance. Investigators and researchers need to understand the cultural context in which these acts are committed as the infliction of mutilation may serve different purposes across different countries.
Federal Civil Rights Litigation Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983 as a Correlate of Police Crime
Authors: Stinson Philip Matthew , Brewer Steven L.
Published: August 2016

The Civil Rights Act of 1871 (codified at 42 U.S.C. §1983 and commonly referred to as Section 1983) provides a civil remedy for aggrieved persons to sue state actors who under the color of law violate federally protected rights. Since the 1960s, there has been an explosion of Section 1983 litigation in the federal courts against police officers and their employing municipal and county agencies. Due to a lack of official statistics and poor methodologies, research has yet to determine how common Section 1983 actions are against the police nationwide. This study examines the relationship between police crime and being named as a party defendant in a federal court Section 1983 civil action. Using a list of 5,545 nonfederal sworn law enforcement officers who were arrested for committing one or more crimes during the years 2005 to 2011, searches were conducted in the federal courts’ Public Access to Courts Electronic Records (PACER) system to locate Section 1983 actions against those officers. The authors found that 22% of all arrested officers were named as a party defendant in a Section 1983 federal court civil action at some point during their law enforcement careers. Additional findings address various predictors of a police officer being sued in a Section 1983 action.
Activating and Guiding the Engagement of Seniors With Online Social Networking: Experimental Findings From the AGES 2.0 Project
Authors: Morton Thomas A. , Wilson Neil , Haslam Catherine , Birney Megan , Kingston Rosemary , McCloskey Lauren-Grace
Published: August 2016

Objective: Guided by theoretical and empirical work attesting to the health benefits of social connections, we tested whether Internet connectivity, and training in its use for social purposes, can support the well-being of older adults receiving care. Method: Participants ( N = 76) were randomly assigned to receive 3 months training versus care-as-usual. Cognitive and mental health were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Results show significant cognitive improvements across time in the training, but not control, group. This effect was mediated through a combination of increased social activity, improved self-competence, and maintained personal identity strength. Indirect effects on mental health outcomes via these processes were also observed. Discussion: These findings suggest that Internet access and training can support the self and social connectedness of vulnerable older adults and contribute positively to well-being.
Measuring Diversity in Voluntary Association Membership
Authors: Firat Rengin B. , Glanville Jennifer L.
Published: August 2016

The membership diversity of voluntary associations is of central interest in the literature investigating the importance of involvement in voluntary associations for civic life. Due to the limited availability of data concerned with the membership composition of voluntary associations, many researchers have adopted a proxy approach that is based on an aggregation of the characteristics of survey respondents who belong to particular types of associations. However, this proxy approach has not yet been validated to assess whether it actually captures voluntary association membership diversity. We address this gap by comparing the proxy approach with a more direct approach for measuring association diversity by using data from the United States Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy Survey and the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey. Our analyses reveal that the proxy measures are not correlated with direct measures of voluntary association membership diversity.
Becoming Business-Like
Authors: King Daniel
Published: August 2016

How do nonprofit practitioners learn to understand themselves as nonprofit professionals? Although the literature has explored the extent and repercussions of nonprofits becoming more business-like and professionalized, little attention has been placed on the process through which this professionalization occurs. Using an autoethnography based on my practice as cofounder and eventual manager of a small nonprofit organization, this article narrates the range of practices and mechanisms through which I came to understand myself as a nonprofit professional. Following Mitchell Dean, who draws heavily on Michel Foucault’s later work, this article argues that professionalization is taught to nonprofit practitioners through two intertwined mechanisms: the “technologies of performance,” which include funding, and evaluation and monitoring procedures; and “technologies of agency,” which involve the often subtle socialization mechanisms into the sector. It thus deepens our understanding of how the transition toward being more business-like is occurring.
Relationships among moral distress, sense of coherence, and job satisfaction
Authors: Ando Michiyo , Kawano Masashi
Published: August 2016

Background:

Since moral distress affects psychological aspects of psychiatric nurses, it is an important theme. Previous studies showed relationships between moral distress and job satisfaction; however, there are few studies which investigate relationships between moral distress and other effective variables and then we highlighted relationships among these variables.

Objective:

This study aimed to (1) examine relationships among moral distress, sense of coherence, mental health, and job satisfaction and (2) clarify the most predictive variable to job satisfaction.

Research design:

This study is a cross-sectional study. Participants were 130 psychiatric nurses in a hospital in Japan. They completed the Moral Distress Scale for Psychiatric nurses (Unethical conduct, Low staffing, and Acquiescence to patients’ rights violations), the sense of coherence scale (Comprehensibility, Manageability, and Meaning), the General Health Questionnaire, and the Job Satisfaction scale.

Ethical consideration:

This study was approved by the ethical board of St Mary’s College. Nurses participated voluntarily and were anonymous.

Results:

Results showed that subscales of the Moral Distress Scale for Psychiatric nurses negatively correlated to the sense of coherence and the Job Satisfaction. A multiple regression analysis showed that “Acquiescence to patients’ rights violations” of the Moral Distress Scale for Psychiatric nurses and “Meaning” of the sense of coherence influenced the Job Satisfaction much more than other variables. These two variables were correlated to job satisfaction scale, and other variables without them did not significantly correlate to job satisfaction scale.

Discussion:

These results suggest that moral distress negatively related to sense of coherence and job satisfaction, a subscale of the Moral Distress Scale for Psychiatric nurses and that of the sense of coherence affected the job satisfaction the most.

Conclusion:

Decreasing of acquiescence to patients’ rights violations and finding meaning in nursing may improve job satisfaction.
Health Care Human Factors/Ergonomics Fieldwork in Home and Community Settings
Authors: Valdez Rupa S. , Holden Richard J.
Published: August 2016

Designing innovations aligned with patients’ needs and workflows requires human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) fieldwork in home and community settings. Fieldwork in these extra-institutional settings is challenged by a need to balance the occasionally competing priorities of patient and informal caregiver participants, study team members, and the overall project. We offer several strategies that HF/E professionals can use before, during, and after home and community site visits to optimize fieldwork and mitigate challenges in these settings. Strategies include interacting respectfully with participants, documenting the visit, managing the study team–participant relationship, and engaging in dialogue with institutional review boards.
Clinical Adaptation of the “Tibiofibular Line” for Intraoperative Evaluation of Open Syndesmosis Reduction Accuracy
Authors: Reb Christopher W. , Hyer Christopher F. , Collins Christy L. , Fidler Corey M. , Watson B. Collier , Berlet Gregory C.
Published: August 2016

Background:

The “tibiofibular line” is a new axial computed tomography parameter for assessing syndesmosis reduction, which references the flat anterolateral surface of the fibula and anterolateral tibial tubercle. These same bony landmarks are easily visualized via a lateral approach to the fibula. This cadaveric study assessed the practical aspects of measuring the tibiofibular line intraoperatively.

Methods:

Three observers simulated the tibiofibular line using operative rulers in 3 measurement series utilizing 10 cadaveric specimens: intact syndesmosis, syndesmosis reduction, and fixation after application of lateral plate and screws to the fibula, and post syndesmosis reduction and fixation without plate and screws.

Results:

The majority (78%) of clinical tibiofibular line measurements were within the “normal” range (0-2 mm). However, there was a general trend toward malreduction (>2 mm) across measurement series. Intraobserver variability ranged from poor to excellent (intraclass correlation range, 0.12-0.85, Fleiss kappa range, 0.19-0.40) and interobserver reliability was only generally in the fair range (intraclass correlation range, 0.49-0.61; Fleiss kappa range, 0.19-0.40).

Conclusion:

Taken as a whole, these findings found that the technique was feasible but clearly indicated that further refinement of this protocol, including the use of computed tomography, would be needed to determine if better control of confounding variables would reveal better observer reliability.

Clinical Relevance:

The CT-based TFL technique for syndesmosis reduction assessment could not reliably be translated into an intraoperative open technique because of the confounding effects of subjectivity and operator error.
The Role of Fluid Dynamics in Distributing Ankle Stresses in Anatomic and Injured States
Authors: Hamid Kamran S. , Scott Aaron T. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Danelson Kerry A.
Published: August 2016

Background:

In 1976, Ramsey and Hamilton published a landmark cadaveric study demonstrating a dramatic 42% decrease in tibiotalar contact area with only 1 mm of lateral talar shift. An increase in maximum principal stress of at least 72% is predicted based on these findings though the delayed development of arthritis in minimally misaligned ankles does not appear to be commensurate with the results found in dry cadaveric models. We hypothesized that synovial fluid could be a previously unrecognized factor that contributes significantly to stress distribution in the tibiotalar joint in anatomic and injured states.

Methods:

As it is not possible to directly measure contact stresses with and without fluid in a cadaveric model, finite element analysis (FEA) was employed for this study. FEA is a modeling technique used to calculate stresses in complex geometric structures by dividing them into small, simple components called elements. Four test configurations were investigated using a finite element model (FEM): baseline ankle alignment, 1 mm laterally translated talus and fibula, and the previous 2 bone orientations with fluid added. The FEM selected for this study was the Global Human Body Models Consortium–owned GHBMC model, M50 version 4.2, a model of an average-sized male (distributed by Elemance, LLC, Winston-Salem, NC). The ankle was loaded at the proximal tibia with a distributed load equal to the GHBMC body weight, and the maximum principal stress was computed.

Results:

All numerical simulations were stable and completed with no errors. In the baseline anatomic configuration, the addition of fluid between the tibia, fibula, and talus reduced the maximum principal stress computed in the distal tibia at maximum load from 31.3 N/mm2 to 11.5 N/mm2. Following 1 mm lateral translation of the talus and fibula, there was a modest 30% increase in the maximum stress in fluid cases. Qualitatively, translation created less high stress locations on the tibial plafond when fluid was incorporated into the model.

Conclusions:

The findings in this study demonstrate a meaningful role for synovial fluid in distributing stresses within the ankle that has not been considered in historical dry cadaveric studies. The increase in maximum stress predicted by simulation of an ankle with fluid was less than half that projected by cadaveric data, indicating a protective effect of fluid in the injured state. The trends demonstrated by these simulations suggest that bony alignment and fluid in the ankle joint change loading patterns on the tibia and should be accounted for in future experiments.

Clinical Relevance:

Synovial fluid may play a protective role in ankle injuries, thus delaying the onset of arthritis. Reactive joint effusions may also function to additionally redistribute stresses with higher volumes of viscous fluid.
A Numbers Game
Authors: Treadwell Greg , Ross Tara , Lee Allan , Lowenstein Jeff Kelly
Published: August 2016

Influenced by the practices of social scientists, data journalists seek to create stories that frame social reality through quantitative data analysis. While the use of statistics by journalists is not new, exponential growth in available data and a desire for source material unmediated by political and public-relations framings have seen data journalism increasingly embraced—to varying degrees—by newsrooms, and editors increasingly seek reporters who can think in computational ways. Journalism programs keen to incorporate data journalism in curricula face a unique set of issues, including a lack of scholarship on data journalism education and how to teach it. This article reports on both the pilot of an international postgraduate collaboration in data journalism education in 2015, in which postgraduate students at two universities investigated state-run gambling in Aotearoa–New Zealand, and the introduction of an undergraduate semester-long paper in data journalism at one of the universities. A visiting Fulbright specialist supported both initiatives, helping to develop staff and student data skills, kick-start a joint investigation by students, and lay the groundwork for future international collaborations. Thanks to his visit, New Zealand educators and students were able to seek support from, a global community of journalists and journalism educators working in data journalism. Set against a literature that predicts an increasing role for computational journalism, this article explores the successes and challenges of these cases of experiential journalism education. It explores the complex but not fatal issues of data competency among both instructors and students, collaboration between geographically distinct programs, access to sensitive datasets, and publication of student work.
Trends of Patients’ Characteristics Admitted Into a Multi-Professional Home Medical Care Service From 2000 to 2009 in Singapore
Authors: Mittal Rakhi , Young M.E. , Tan C. S. , Chen C. , Tham W. Y. , Seong Lydia P. S. , Tan T. L. , Koh G. Choon-Huat
Published: August 2016

The main aim of this study is to present the socio-demographic, clinical, and functional characteristics of home medical care patients admitted into one of the oldest home care service over a 10-year period. Data were manually retrospectively extracted from the non-computerized medical records of all patients admitted into Code 4 Home Medical Service from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2009. Records of 1,069 patients were examined. Over the 10-year period, there was an increasing proportion of patients older than 70 years ( B [95% CI], 1.08 [0.43, 1.73]) and dependency on foreign domestic workers as primary caregivers ( B [95% CI], 4.65 [3.71, 5.58]). Cognitive impairment and functional dependency of the patients increased over the years, as assessed using Abbreviated Mental Test score < 7 ( B [95% CI], 1.73 [0.71-2.76]) and Barthel Index = 0 ( B [95% CI], 4.32 [2.74-5.91]). Knowledge about these trends may be helpful to project future demands for home medical care in Singapore.
The Complex Relationship between Mental Health and Social Conditions in the Lives of Young Australians Mixing Work and Study
Authors: Landstedt Evelina , Coffey Julia , Wyn Johanna , Cuervo Hernán , Woodman Dan
Published: August 2016

Poor mental health in youth has been consistently shown to be rising over the past 20 years. While it is well established that mental health status is associated with social conditions, population-level perspectives make it difficult to identify the complex ways social and structural conditions impact on mental health. Based on longitudinal (mixed method) data, this exploratory longitudinal study aims to study how the life circumstances of education, work and financial situation are related to mental health in young Australians (aged 20–22). Findings show that the combination of study, work and financial hardship can be regarded as a stressor contributing to poor mental health, particularly if experienced over several years, and that those in the middle socio-economic bracket have the worst mental health outcomes. This research has implications for welfare policies and the responsibilities of educational institutions for the welfare of young people.
‘There’s Something Wrong with You’
Authors: Supski Sian , Lindsay Jo
Published: August 2016

Contemporary universities in Western democracies are renowned for heavy drinking youth cultures. In this context, abstinence is ‘accountable’ behaviour that requires justification. Some previous research has reported accounts of why young people choose not to drink and the social consequences, but there is limited research on how they achieve abstinence in a heavy drinking culture. Drawing on Heller’s notion of choosing oneself and Giddens’ concept of reflexive choice making, we show how young non-drinking Australian university students emphasize abstinence as an individual lifestyle choice, show determined strength in their decision not to drink and report eventual acceptance from their peers. The non-drinkers in our research use some similar accounts noted in other research such as ‘being sporty’ or ‘focused on their studies’, yet they do not position themselves as part of an alternative subculture such as those in straight edge or religious groups. They choose their abstinent selves both in an existential sense and as an act of everyday self-identity. We argue that the choice of abstinence needs to be viewed as a part of a positive claim to identity, alongside other alternative ways of being for university students.
Health indicator metrics applicable to inductive wear debris sensors
Authors: Becker Andrew
Published: August 2016

The Inductive Wear Debris Sensor is a relatively new invention that is increasingly being used for the detection of incipient machinery damage or failures by sensing metallic debris in lubrication systems. This type of sensor is typically used in-line and has a superior particle size detection range compared to traditional techniques such as the ubiquitous spectrometric oil analysis. There is, however, very little in the literature regarding the application and interpretation of data arising from this type of sensor. Unlike other condition monitoring sensors, no data will be generated by an Inductive Wear Debris Sensor in an ideal system; however, in real applications it is necessary to discriminate between occasional particles unrelated to a failure and incipient failure particles. Inductive Wear Debris Sensor data could be misinterpreted if a simple cumulative count limit was applied to the data. A short-term rate of particle generation is sometimes used as an alternative; however, it too can be misleading with short succession particles producing high instantaneous rates possibly causing false alarms. The purpose of this work was to develop a robust metric (or group of metrics) that when applied to Inductive Wear Debris Sensor data would reliably identify a failure event and exclude non-failure related particles. The Health Indicator described herein consists of three subordinate Condition Indices that collectively are shown to reliably detect the onset of rolling contact fatigue. The metrics have been applied to bearing test rig data (seeded fault) and data obtained from a non-seeded fault test of a complex helicopter gearbox.
Chunk use and development in advanced Chinese L2 learners of English
Authors: Hou Junping , Loerts Hanneke , Verspoor Marjolijn H.
Published: August 2016

The use of ‘chunks’ is not only a common and characteristic feature of first language use, but may also be a distinguishing factor between less and more proficient second language users. The present study aimed at investigating potential correlations between chunk use and holistically rated proficiency scores and development over time in advanced Chinese learners of English as a second language (L2) over the course of 18 months of English classes. Neither holistically rated proficiency scores nor common complexity measures had shown any progress in these learners, but a few lexically based measures did. Therefore, the development of chunks in these learners was examined as chunks are mostly lexical in nature and might show more subtle progress over time.

The use of chunks was examined in the first and last two texts of the learners and, in line with previous research, it was found that more proficient writers use relatively more chunks, specifically collocations. Chunk coverage, the total number of chunk words divided by the total number of words, also correlated with some holistic proficiency scores, and increased significantly over time. Average chunk length did not show any correlation with proficiency scores nor did it increase over time. Increased proficiency in written texts is thus specifically related to the use of more chunks. This study shows that development in advanced Chinese L2 learners of English appears to be subtle, which might be due to the fact that at this advanced level mainly lexical changes take place. Future research into development over time in advanced learners may thus have to zoom in on lexical measures especially. Implications of this study point to the importance of promoting the use of target language chunks to advanced learners of English.
Barriers to serve: Social policy and the transgendered military
Authors: Crosbie Thomas , Posard Marek N.
Published: August 2016

Militaries around the world have recently reassessed their policies concerning transgender personnel. A wave of integration has swept across the English-speaking world, with transgender troops serving openly in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Currently, the United States Department of Defense is embarking on its own reassessment. We offer here overlapping perspectives on the future directions of transgender policies in the American military. First, we provide an overview of the transgender policies of other English-speaking democratic militaries. We then discuss survey findings that provide insights into current transgender military populations. Finally, we focus on a key policy (DD Form 214/215, which regulates name changes) and discuss its effects on transgender personnel. Given the global trend-lines and considering the lived experiences of American transgender personnel, we argue that American policy-makers should take care to avoid the conservative biases of the organization when formulating its future transgender policy.
Divergences and crossovers: Response to Robert Wilson’s ‘Thinking about relations’
Authors: Strathern Marilyn
Published: August 2016

Robert Wilson’s ‘Thinking about Relations’ pays welcome attention to the metaphysical demands of social science. At the same time, this response raises further issues concerning the concept of objectivity, assumptions about the nature of kinship and arguments over non-reductive explanation. It places particular emphasis on the (culturally) mediating role of description; that relations are axiomatically conceived as ‘between’ entities is offered as a case in point.
‘The murderous civilisation’: anarchist geographies, ethnography and cultural differences in the works of Élie Reclus
Authors: Ferretti Federico
Published: August 2016

This article, based on primary sources, addresses the early anarchist ethnography of Élie Reclus (brother of the more famous French geographer Élisée Reclus), placing it in the context of anarchist geographers’ elaboration of the theory of mutual aid, as well as in the construction of a scientific discourse opposed to racism, colonialism and Eurocentrism recently addressed by international literature on this group. Drawing on the double critical frame of present-day anarchist anthropologies and cultural geographies addressing the debates on otherness, postcolonialism and differences, this article analyses an early but radical attempt to build a scientific discourse on empathy and understanding of different cultural standpoints in the political context of an explicit denunciation of colonial crimes by all nations of European culture, as well as scientists’ complicity therein. I argue that European science at the time of imperialism and evolutionism was not a homogeneous field but a battlefield where heterodox and nonconformist thinkers tried to develop different discourses in order to build cultures of solidarity linked to a consistent political action.
Governing the entrepreneurial mindset: Business students’ constructions of entrepreneurial subjectivity
Authors: Laalo Hanna , Heinonen Jarna
Published: August 2016

Promoting entrepreneurship education to develop the entrepreneurial competences and mindsets of citizens has become an important mission on the supranational educational policy agenda. This endeavour constructs the ideal of a self-guided entrepreneurial subject who is active, adaptable and capable of tolerating uncertainty. Using the theorizations of governmentality, we attempt to discover in this study how entrepreneurial subjectivity is being constructed and negotiated among university-level business students. The data consist of the writing assignments of a group of students ( N = 24) enrolled in entrepreneurship studies in a Finnish university. The findings illustrate how entrepreneurial discourse, as a culturally appropriate manner to express oneself as a self-disciplined and self-governed subject, is adopted by students and reproduced in the practices of entrepreneurship education. We suggest that among educators the aim to educate entrepreneurial subjects should be recognised as a political, moral and, hence, negotiable objective, rather than as a value-neutral or imperative goal.
An experimental study: Fiber Bragg grating–hydrothermal cycling integration system for seepage monitoring of rockfill dams
Authors: Chen Jiang , Cheng Fei , Xiong Feng , Ge Qi , Zhang Shaojie
Published: August 2016

In order to make up defects liable for the conventional monitoring of rockfill dam seepage in spatial inconsequence and low efficiency, a new monitoring system is proposed based on the heating technique incorporated in the temperature tracer method, that is, the integrated system of fiber Bragg grating temperature sensing and hydrothermal cycling. The system has a boiler as its heating device, and heated water from boiler is admitted through redistributor and circular warm pipelines, in which fiber Bragg grating sensors are embedded in advance for measuring the water temperature, thereby the seepage behavior is identified from the correlative fields of temperature and seepage. A coefficient ζv, according to Newton’s law of cooling, is then fitted out by pipeline cooling curves and used as a new way to identify the seepage state. The temperature–time–travel curves for the cooling period have proved by calibration tests to be, in general, consistent with the mathematical model of temperature variations under Newton’s law of cooling, thereby to inverting the seepage velocity through the fitting formula of it with ζv. With the test model of concentrative leakage established in regard to the location, amount of leakage passages, and leakage rate, multi-condition tests have been conducted which conclude that the proposed method is capable of positioning leakage and quantifying seepage velocity; therefore, it is valid for seepage monitoring and identification.
A cross-national study of the association between natural resource rents and homicide rates, 2000–12
Authors: Stretesky Paul B. , Long Michael A. , Lynch Michael J.
Published: August 2016

Countries that rely on natural resource rents (that is, the revenue generated from the sale of natural resources) may suffer from a variety of social problems. This exploratory study reviews the natural resource extraction literature to derive a ‘natural resource rents–homicide’ hypothesis. Data for 173 countries for the years 2000 to 2012 are examined to determine if there is a correlation between natural resource rents and homicide rates. Multilevel growth models suggest that natural resource rents are positively correlated with homicide rates within countries (level 1) but not between them (level 2). Importantly, the correlation between natural resource rents and homicide is strongest when natural resource rents are lagged. We conclude by suggesting that increasing natural resource rents may be counterproductive over the long run and sow the seeds for a future increase in homicide.
Improved Survival With Integration of Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapy in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Fleischer Tom , Chang Tung-Ti , Chiang Jen-Huai , Sun Mao-Feng , Yen Hung-Rong
Published: August 2016

Purpose. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most deadly subtype of leukemia, and many patients with this disease seek other complementary therapies, one of which is Chinese medicine. We set out to provide reliable data regarding the benefit of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for AML patients, using mortality as the main outcome measure. We also characterized the herbal prescriptions of patients. Methods. Using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database, we performed a nationwide population-based cohort study among AML patients from 1997 to 2010. The Cox regression model was used to adjust for comorbidities and other variables, and the hazard ratios (HRs) of CHM users and non–CHM users were compared. Results. After 1:1 matching, 498 patients were included into the study. The HR of the CHM group was 0.41 (95% CI = 0.26-0.65; P = .0001) compared with the non-CHM group. This decrease in HR was also shown to be dose dependent ( P < .001). The 3 single-herbs most commonly prescribed were Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan Shen), Astragalus membranaceus (Huang Qi), and Spatholobus suberectus (Ji Xue Teng). The 3 mutli-herb products most commonly prescribed were Jia Wei Xiao Yao San, Gui Pi Tang, and Qi Ju Di Huang Wan. Conclusion. Prospective controlled clinical data is still needed, however, this study provides real-world data regarding the benefit AML patients may have from CHM. This study suggests that all AML patients, regardless of age or other prognostic factors, may achieve longer survival times when receiving CHM in addition to standard therapy.
Acupuncture for Managing Cancer-Related Insomnia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Choi Tae-Young , Kim Jong In , Lim Hyun-Ja , Lee Myeong Soo
Published: August 2016

Background. Insomnia is a prominent complaint of cancer patients that can significantly affect their quality of life and symptoms related to sleep quality. Conventional drug approaches have a low rate of success in alleviating those suffering insomnia. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of acupuncture in the management of cancer-related insomnia. Methods. A total of 12 databases were searched from their inception through January 2016 without language restriction. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs were included if acupuncture was used as the sole intervention or as an adjunct to another standard treatment for any cancer-related insomnia. The data extraction and the risk of bias assessments were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Results. Of the 90 studies screened, 6 RCTs were included. The risk of bias was generally unclear or low. Three RCTs showed equivalent effects on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and 2 RCTs showed the similar effects on response rate to those of conventional drugs at the end of treatment. The other RCT showed acupuncture was better than hormone therapy in the numbers of hours slept each night and number of times woken up each night. The 3 weeks of follow-up in 2 RCTs showed superior effects of acupuncture compared with conventional drugs, and a meta-analysis showed significant effects of acupuncture. Two RCTs tested the effects of acupuncture on cancer-related insomnia compared with sham acupuncture. One RCT showed favourable effects, while the other trial failed to do so. Conclusion. There is a low level of evidence that acupuncture may be superior to sham acupuncture, drugs or hormones therapy. However, the number of studies and effect size are small for clinical significance. Further clinical trials are warranted.
Cancer Chemopreventive Effects of Boswellia sacra Gum Resin Hydrodistillates on Invasive Urothelial Cell Carcinoma: Report of a Case
Authors: Xia Ding , Lou Weiwei , Fung Kar-Ming , Wolley Cole L. , Suhail Mahmoud M. , Lin Hsueh-Kung
Published: August 2016

A 52-year-old Hispanic male presented with hematuria and was later diagnosed with a large invasive high-grade urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the urinary bladder, but with ambiguous pT1/pT2 staging regarding musclaris propria invasion by UCC. The conventional treatment including radical cystoprostatectomy followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy was presented. The patient decided to delay the standard therapy until a later stage, but elected to go through transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) without Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation. Following TURBT, the patient started oral Boswellia sacra gum resin (aka frankincense or Ru Xiang in Chinese) hydrodistillates (BSGRH) administration at 3 mL daily with lifestyle changes, and continued this regimen in the last 25 months. Within the first year after diagnosis, the patient experienced 2 recurrences. Recurrent tumors were removed by TURBT alone and both tumors were far smaller than the original one. After the second recurrence, the patient has no detectible cancer in the bladder based on cystoscopy for 14 months and has an intact genitourinary system. His liver and kidney functions are considered to be normal based on blood chemistry tests. This index case suggests that BSGRH may have cancer chemopreventive effects on UCC. The use of Boswellia-derived products in the management of cancer has been well document in other published studies, and boswellic acids have been suggested to be the major component. However, BSGRH contains very little boswellic acids. Demonstration of cancer chemoprevention using BSGRH is one step forward in isolating the key components other than boswellic acids in frankincense. The critical question as to whether these components can simultaneously activate multiple pathways in cancer cells to execute cancer suppression/cytotoxicity or prevention effects remains to be addressed. More studies including identification of key molecules, pharmacokinetics of major compounds, as well as long-term benefits and possible adverse effects will be needed to meet the guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration for botanical drug development.
Description and Evaluation of the Research Ethics Review Process in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Mika , Sato Keiko
Published: August 2016

Research Ethics Committees (RECs) are designed to protect human subjects in research. It is essential to recognize whether the RECs are achieving this goal. Several studies have reported on RECs; however, detailed data regarding the quality of research protocols and the review process of RECs have not been reported in Japan. We examine research protocols reviewed by RECs and the review processes at three institutions using a novel checklist we developed. The data show that approximately half of all examined protocols lacked a clearly written “Background” section that defines the study rationale and design. These results reiterate suggestions made in previous research regarding educational programs and support departments that could enhance responsible conduct in clinical research to protect human subjects in Japan.
Ethnic Group Differences in Health Outcomes Among Asian American Men in California
Authors: Mui Paulani , Bowie Janice V. , Juon Hee-Soon , Thorpe Roland J.
Published: August 2016

The numbers of Asian American men are continually increasing, yet limited research exists on this understudied population. Addressing this lack of research is necessary to better inform how best to improve quality of care. This study examined health outcome differences across ethnically diverse groups of Asian American men in California, compared with non-Hispanic White men. Using data from the 2007, 2009, and 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey, distributions of health status and health-related characteristics across ( n = 43,030) racial/ethnic groups of men (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Vietnamese, Other Asian Americans, and non-Hispanic Whites) were calculated. Compared with non-Hispanic Whites, odds of reporting fair or poor health were higher among Vietnamese, while odds of diabetes were higher among Korean, Filipino, and Other Asian Americans. Odds of high blood pressure were higher among Filipino and Vietnamese but lower among Other Asian Americans, while odds of disability were lower across all ethnic groups except Filipino and Vietnamese. This study’s findings highlight the importance of understanding ethnic heterogeneity to develop culturally appropriate health interventions for Asian American men.
Increasing Urologic Care Ratios: Implications of Male Patient Care in Florida
Authors: Talton Walker , Lindner Hanna , Rovito Michael J.
Published: August 2016

Ongoing trends have revealed an inverse relationship between population growth and the number of practicing urologists in the U.S. per capita, which threatens urologic care accessibility. Furthermore, different regions in the United States may be more negatively impacted due to higher population growth rates. The state of Florida witnessed over a 10% higher growth rate compared with national figures between 2000 and 2015. Coupled with data suggesting that since the 1980s, the number of U.S. urologists per capita has been decreasing, the foreseeable future presents many challenges regarding health equity and accessibility. This secondary analysis aimed to investigate the implications of forecasted urologic care decline within a growing population and how it can contribute to adverse male health outcomes. National- and state-level data were collected to calculate a series of urologic care ratios as defined by the number of urologists compared with population sizes. Analyses revealed that national-level urologic care ratios and prostate cancer incidence rates have a significant positive relationship, lending to the conclusion that with fewer urologists, the number of cases identified will decrease. State-level forecasted models indicated that the urologic care ratio will decrease approximately 30% in Florida from 6.23 per 100,000 in 2010 to 4.39 per 100,000 by the year 2030. As growth in demand for urologic care will increase in the next decade, a dire public health scenario is potentially unfolding. Future implications of undiagnosed prostate cancer due to the lack of access will drive an increase in mortality rates as well as health equity concerns for men.
Optimizing Lifestyle Medicine Health Care Delivery Through Enhanced Interdisciplinary Education
Authors: Clarke Camille A. , Frates John , Pegg Frates Elizabeth
Published: August 2016

While few may argue about the importance of healthy lifestyle choices on the effects of chronic health conditions, many would highlight the challenge that its practical integration poses in daily clinical practice. The field of lifestyle medicine aims to assist individuals and communities to adopt and sustain healthy behaviors. It is a powerful yet often underutilized tool. This article illustrates the importance of joint multidisciplinary efforts in the effective practice of lifestyle medicine. Furthermore it stresses the importance of equipping healthcare providers with the tools and education necessary to deliver consistent, and high quality holistic care.