bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NURSING TECHNICIANS' PROXEMIC BEHAVIORS DURING TRANSFUSIONS IN HOSPITALIZED CLIENTS
Authors: Gonçalves Francisco Gleidson de Azevedo , Araújo Sílvia Teresa Carvalho de , Azevedo Albert Lengruber de , Ferreira Priscila Brigolini Porfírio , Torres Danelia Gómez , Pérez Júnior Eugenio Fuentes , Bastos Soraia do Socorro Furtado , Silva Suely Francisco da
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe nursing technicians' proxemic behaviors during transfusions in hospitalized clients. Method: a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study based on non-participant observation, recorded in an instrument prepared from the Theory of Proxemic Behavior. The participants were 18 nursing technicians from a reference hospital for Hematology and Hemotherapy in the Brazilian Southeast Region, from April to December 2022. Data analysis prioritized thematic content. Results: the following stood out: eye contact; instrumental touch; normal tone of voice; and intimate and personal distances. These indicate welcoming, attention and technical vigilance when carrying out the transfusions. Conclusion: there is a need to raise nursing technicians' awareness regarding proxemic behaviors when welcoming clients. That is: expanding listening, bonding and effective interpersonal coexistence, and favoring the reach of comprehensive health care in Hematology and Hemotherapy.
COMPORTAMENTOS PROXÊMICOS DE TÉCNICOS DE ENFERMAGEM DURANTE O ATO TRANSFUSIONAL EM CLIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS
Authors: Gonçalves Francisco Gleidson de Azevedo , Araújo Sílvia Teresa Carvalho de , Azevedo Albert Lengruber de , Ferreira Priscila Brigolini Porfírio , Torres Danelia Gómez , Pérez Júnior Eugenio Fuentes , Bastos Soraia do Socorro Furtado , Silva Suely Francisco da
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever os comportamentos proxêmicos de técnicos de enfermagem durante o ato transfusional em clientes hospitalizados. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, pautado em observação não participante, registrado em instrumento elaborado a partir da teoria do comportamento proxêmico. Participaram 18 técnicos de enfermagem de um hospital referência em hematologia e hemoterapia da Região Sudeste do Brasil, de abril a dezembro de 2022. A análise de dados priorizou o conteúdo temático. Resultados: destacaram-se o contato visual; o toque instrumental; o tom de voz normal e as distâncias íntima e pessoal. Estes, indicativos de acolhimento, atenção e vigilância técnica à realização do ato transfusional. Conclusão: há necessidade de despertar a consciência dos técnicos de enfermagem em relação aos comportamentos proxêmicos durante o acolhimento aos clientes. Isto é: ampliar a escuta, o vínculo, a efetiva convivência interpessoal e favorecer o alcance dos cuidados em saúde integral na hematologia e hemoterapia.
Teaching strategies for clinical reasoning in Brazilian medical schools - an integrative review
Authors: Tureck Fernando , Souza Samantha de , Faria Rosa Malena Delbone de
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Introduction: Clinical reasoning is considered one of the main skills that must be developed by medical students, as it allows the establishment of diagnostic hypotheses and directs investigative and diagnostic strategies using a rational approach. Although educators have traditionally focused the teaching method on the analytical model, many medical professors face the challenge in their daily lives of finding new strategies to help their students develop clinical reasoning. Objective: To carry out an integrative literature review to identify the strategies used in the teaching-learning process of clinical reasoning in Brazilian medical schools. Method: The methodology used consists of six steps: 1. creation of the research question; 2. definition of inclusion and exclusion criteria; 3. list of information to be extracted; 4. evaluation of included studies; 5. interpretation of results and 6. presentation of the review. Results: Most studies indicate that the teaching of clinical reasoning is carried out through discussions of clinical cases, incidentally, in different disciplines or through the use of active methodologies such as PBL, TBL and CBL. Only three studies presented at conferences disclosed experiences related to the implementation of a mandatory curricular discipline specifically aimed at teaching clinical reasoning. The teaching of clinical reasoning is prioritized in internships in relation to the clinical and pre-clinical phases. Final considerations: There are few studies that analyze how clinical reasoning is taught to medical students in Brazilian medical schools. Although more studies are needed, we can observe the lack of theoretical knowledge about clinical reasoning as one of the main causes of the students’ difficulty in developing clinical reasoning.
Ichthyofauna on the move: fish colonization and spread through the São Francisco Interbasin Water Transfer Project
Authors: Silva Augusto Luís Bentinho , Galvão Giancarlo Arraes , Rocha Aline Alves Ferreira da , Gutierre Silvia Maria Millan , Santos Geiza Rodrigues dos , Costa Bruno Dourado Fernandes da , Pereira Luiz Cezar Machado , Nicola Patricia Avello
Published: May 2024

Abstract Projects on river basin integration are keen social-economical drivers in dry regions like the Brazilian semiarid, however, there are concerning ecological impacts implied in those projects. In a long-term analysis, ichthyofauna colonization and spread through the East Axis of the São Francisco River Integration Project (SFIP) was monitored to assess possible impacts on the receiving Paraíba River basin. The fish were collected semiannually (2012 to 2021) from 19 sites in the São Francisco (SF) and Paraíba (PB) basins. A total of 69 fish species were recorded, with distinct fish assemblages between SF (n = 50), PB (n = 35), and the SFIP artificial reservoirs (n = 25). The SFIP reservoirs were colonized by species from the donor basin (SF). In a pioneer finding, Anchoviella vaillanti was recorded for the first time in the receiving basin and it is in the process of establishment. The two SF species that reached PB through the SFIP canals (A. vaillanti and Moenkhausia costae) may be using their year-round reproduction and wide diet to successful spread and colonize the new environment. Since we detected species with potential to reach the receiving basin and became invasives, the implementation of barriers to contain their spread are recommended.
Fishers’ knowledge on abundance and trophic interactions of the freshwater fish Plagioscion squamosissimus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in two Amazonian rivers
Authors: Dutra Márcia Caroline Friedl , Pereyra Paula Evelyn Rubira , Hallwass Gustavo , Poesch Mark , Silvano Renato Azevedo Matias
Published: May 2024

Abstract Small-scale fisheries provide income and food security to local peoples around the world. In the Brazilian Amazon, the pescada (Plagioscion squamosissimus) is among the fishes that contributes most to catches in small-scale fisheries. Our main goal was to evaluate the abundance, size, relevance to small-scale fisheries and trophic ecology of P. squamosissimus in the Tapajós and Tocantins rivers, in the Brazilian Amazon. We combined data from fishers’ local ecological knowledge (LEK) and fish sampling. We expected that fishers in the Tapajós River, less altered by anthropic changes, would cite a higher abundance, larger size and more prey and predators of P. squamosissimus. We interviewed 61 and 33 fishers and sampled fish in nine and five sites in the Tapajós and Tocantins rivers, respectively. The comparison between fishers’ citations and fish sampled indicated a higher relevance of P. squamosissimus to fishers in the Tapajós River, where this fish had an average larger size and where the fishers mentioned more food items. This pattern could be partially related to the history of anthropogenic changes in the Tocantins River. These results indicated that P. squamosissimus is a generalist fish, which could be resilient to fishing and environmental pressures.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE CONCEPÇÕES DE BIODIVERSIDADE E SINGULARIDADES DE LICENCIANDOS E PROFISSIONAIS DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Santos Isabela Mayara dos , Pagan Alice Alexandre
Published: May 2024

RESUMO: Objetivamos com este trabalho investigar possíveis associações entre concepções de diversidade biológica e singularidades de licenciandos e profissionais de Biologia brasileiros através da aplicação de um questionário composto por itens Likert. Esse instrumento foi aplicado de modo remoto e obteve 112 respostas. Foi identificado alto índice de concordância com percepções biocêntricas de diversidade biológica; em contrapartida, percebeu-se rejeição de elementos antropocêntricos. Notamos ainda carência nas discussões relacionadas à integração da espécie humana como parte da natureza e da biodiversidade. Os respondentes se mostraram, também, empáticos com as situações vividas por grupos étnico/raciais, LGBTQIA+, pessoas com deficiência e pessoas socioeconomicamente vulneráveis. A partir da correlação entre as temáticas propostas, percebemos que sujeitos mais sensíveis com a diversidade de classes e a desigualdade socioeconômica tenderam a ser mais biocêntricos, sugerindo a possibilidade de relação entre a diversidade sociocultural e biológica para o reconhecimento, a valorização e o respeito às alteridades interespecíficas.
La Educación Física colombiana como campo: una mirada a través de Bourdieu
Authors: Machado Naysla Julieth Arboleda , Galak Eduardo Lautaro
Published: May 2024

RESUMEN El presente artículo ha sido construido basado en la tesis doctoral titulada Tendencias dominantes en la construcción del Licenciado en Educación Física en Colombia, en la cual se toma como fundamento teórico el concepto de campo elaborado por Pierre Bourdieu (2015). Cabe destacar que, aunque Bourdieu nunca hizo referencia específica al campo de la Educación Física en su trabajo académico, sus planteamientos teóricos permiten comprender el conjunto de relaciones que se presentan al interior del colectivo de agentes que comparten condicionadas posiciones sociales, poseen intereses en común y ostentan capitales (una formación similar). En efecto, esta teoría constituyó un pilar para el trabajo investigativo sobre la profesionalización en el campo Educación Física en Colombia porque permite describir la configuración de relaciones objetivas que están condicionadas por las (dis)posiciones de los agentes y que se (re)producen como capitales, habilitando así la distribución de poder en la relación entre agentes. De esta manera, la teoría de Bourdieu abre la posibilidad de comprender que en dicha interacción se originan tensiones que dan como resultado los posicionamientos dominantes del campo.
O cuidado em comunidades de pesca: reflexões sobre e para o currículo da Educação Infantil
Authors: Marcolino Suzana , Dias Adelaide Alves
Published: May 2024

RESUMO No Brasil, desde a primeira década do novo século, existe a preocupação em delinear o significado do cuidado como princípio do currículo e da política da educação infantil. A partir de referenciais da filosofia e de análises históricas e sociológicas, delineia-se o cuidado como relações e ações que têm o outro em vista e se tornam constitutivas do ser, implicando na constituição de cada um e de cada uma. Entre os anos 2021 e 2022, realizamos uma pesquisa de pós-doutorado que buscou aprofundar os significados do cuidado para fazer reflexões sobre o currículo da educação infantil. A ideia do projeto foi considerar o cuidado a partir do prisma dos povos tradicionais e dos movimentos sociais. Para isso, realizamos uma etnografia com uma comunidade de pesca do litoral norte do estado de Alagoas, Brasil. O estudo rebate noções de que os povos tradicionais oferecem um cuidado precário, como considerado pelo colonizador, sendo esse um cuidado mais comunitário, implicando maior liberdade das crianças para circularem pelos espaços da comunidade, e maior autonomia em relação a demandas da vida e para agir conforme curiosidades. Estão na base do cuidado relações de amistosidade sutil que se expressam no silêncio, na economia de palavras e na atenção aos gestos. Consideramos que os currículos na educação infantil precisam incorporar as diferentes formas e significados de cuidar para acolher bebês e crianças, e não subalternizar identidades sociais.
A criança na constituição cultural, sociopolítica e educativa dos assentamentos de reforma agrária: negações e conquistas
Authors: Santos Leila Damiana Almeida dos
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Se a infância não pode ser pensada enclausurada na dimensão cronológica, mais ainda a infância campesina não pode ser concebida reduzidamente. As crianças de assentamentos crescem envoltas na incerteza da posse da terra, se educam na luta, cedo aprendem que a organização coletiva é um caminho para vitória e, ao mesmo tempo, é meio de resistência. O objetivo, para este trabalho, foi o de analisar, através das narrativas orais, os processos de constituição das infâncias campesinas, numa escola no assentamento de Reforma Agrária, em Santaluz, BA. A etnografia visual foi a metodologia que conduziu a investigação, possibilitando o uso variado de técnicas para a construção das análises. Elegemos ainda uma ação interativa, denominada Poteca, desencadeadora das narrativas orais das crianças, famílias e professora. A partir do movimento teórico-conceitual, ampliamos o olhar para a constituição das crianças nos planos sociais, educativos, culturais e políticos. É preciso também perceber que o contexto de luta cotidiana contra o preconceito e a criminalização faz surgir uma dinâmica de produção e autoprodução em que essas crianças se constituem, vivem suas infâncias e afirmam-se como um coletivo culturalmente organizado e produtivo. Essas percepções basearam-se nas histórias narradas durante a investigação, por meio das interações proporcionadas pela Poteca. As experiências orais, após serem registradas, sistematizadas e analisadas, poderão subsidiar as práticas pedagógicas e a construção de currículos que considerem as concepções, os conhecimentos, as culturas e os valores oriundos dos movimentos sociais.
The child in the cultural, socio-political, and educational constitution of agrarian reform settlements: denials and achievements
Authors: Santos Leila Damiana Almeida dos
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT If childhood cannot be thought of as confined to the chronological dimension, even more so, rural childhood cannot be conceived in a reduced form. Children in settlements grow up surrounded by the uncertainty of land ownership, are educated in struggle, and learn early on that collective organization is a path to victory and, at the same time, a means of resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze, through oral narratives, the processes of constitution of rural childhoods, in a school in the Agrarian Reform settlement, in Santaluz, BA. Visual ethnography was the methodology that guided the investigation, allowing for the varied use of techniques to construct the analyses. We also chose an interactive activity, named Poteca, which initiates oral narratives from children, families, and teachers. From the theoretical-conceptual movement, we broaden our perspective on the constitution of children in social, educational, cultural, and political realms. It is also necessary to understand that the context of daily struggle against prejudice and criminalization creates a dynamic of production and self-production in which these children establish themselves, experience their childhoods, and affirm themselves as a culturally organized and productive collective. These perceptions were based on the stories narrated during the investigation, through the interactions provided by Poteca. Oral experiences, once they are recorded, systematized, and analyzed, can support pedagogical practices and the development of curricula that take into account the conceptions, knowledge, cultures, and values that originate from social movements.
Toxic stress on a pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Silvério Anna Beatriz Galheiro , Souza Denise Leal de , Kuzma Gabriela de Sio Puetter , Mudri Gabriela Storithont , Nagel Isabelle Beatriz Freccia , Silva Julia Concer da , Cecconello Leonardo , Oliveira Raissa Peres de , Marchinhacki Raissa Wurth , Soejima Samantha Nagasako
Published: May 2024

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of social isolation as a result of the coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic in children and adolescents aged 0–17 years in Southern Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 542 questionnaires answered by parents or legal guardians of children and adolescents aged 0–17 years residing in the Brazilian South region, through Google Forms®. Questionnaires answered incompletely or from children outside the stipulated age group and from other regions of the country were excluded from the research. The collected data were organized into descriptive and association tables containing absolute and relative frequencies, medians, averages, standard deviations, quartile deviations, average, and proportion estimates in the form of 95% confidence intervals and the result of the chi-square test of independence. Data analysis was fulfilled with the application aid of Microsoft Excel 2016 and Epi Info version 7.2.1.0 of 01/27/2017. Statistically significant associations were considered when p<0.05. Results: There was an increase in the perception of nervousness (62.7%), anxiety (67.7%), and sadness (51.3%) in children and adolescents during the pandemic period. This study evidenced a high prevalence of screens overuse (50.9%) and sedentary lifestyle (39.1%) in this age group during the period. Furthermore, the occurrence of regressive behaviors occurred more frequently in the age group of 3–6 years (57.1%) and between 7 and 10 years (44.6%). Conclusions: It is inferred from this study that one of the implications resulting from the pandemic period is the increase of toxic stress in the pediatric population.
Exploring the Brazilian pediatric palliative care network: a quantitative analysis of a survey data
Authors: Ferreira Esther Angélica Luiz , Valete Cristina Ortiz Sobrinho , Barbosa Silvia Maria de Macedo , Costa Graziela de Araujo , Molinari Poliana Cristina Carmona , Iglesias Simone Brasil de Oliveira , Castro Ana Cristina Pugliese de
Published: May 2024

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of services in Brazil that compound the Brazilian Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC) Network. Methods: An online survey was conducted among representatives from PPC services. A total of 90 services from Brazil completed the online survey and answered a questionnaire about the service’s characterization, health professionals working in PPC, access to opioid prescription and education, and research in PPC. Results: In total, 80 services (88.9%) were created after 2010, 52 (57.9%) were in the southeast region, 56 (62.2%) were in public hospitals, 63 (70%) had up to 100 beds, and 57 (63.3%) were at the tertiary level. Notably, 88 (97.8%) had a physician in the team and 68 (75.5%) dedicated part-time to PPC. Also, 33 (36.7%) revealed concern with the care of health professionals and 36 (40%) reported difficulty or no access to opioid prescription. Research studies were reported to be conducted in 29 (32.2%) services. Conclusions: This mapping points out to a concentration of PPC services in the southeast region, with part-time professional dedication, and the need to improve professionals’ care. Difficulty in opioid access was reported. It is necessary to extend PPC participation to other Brazilian regions, increase time dedicated to PPC, improve professionals’ care and improve access to opioid prescription.
Pediatric allergy and immunology for patients and parents: challenges of developing website and social network during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Takao Marina Mayumi Vendrame , de Souza Fabiana Silveira , Riccetto Luísa , Evangelista-Poderoso Rosana , Riccetto Adriana Gut Lopes , da Silva Marcos Tadeu Nolasco
Published: May 2024

Abstract Objective: To describe the development of a website and the creation of a social network account about pediatric allergy/immunology with reliable information, to promote education and have a channel for patient-doctor contact. Methods: This is a descriptive study. A survey was conducted with 93 patients (12 years and older) and caregivers of a Pediatric Allergy/Immunology outpatient clinic, to assess internet usage patterns of potential users. A webpage in Portuguese and an Instagram® account were launched in which it was created an area for patient-doctor communication in the pandemic context. Results: Among 93 participants, 77% were female, 82% caregivers. Median age was 33.2 years, family income 403 dollars/month. The internet was accessed via smartphone by 81,7% of the participants; 76% reported using internet to access health information but 72% did not trust on the information from the internet, and 96% believed that an institutional site could provide meaningful information. From the website release in November 6, 2018 to January 20, 2022, it was counted 10,062 page views by 4,896 users; 55% were 18–34 years old, 70.2% female. Instagram® account gathered 882 followers. Website went through a period of instability during which access were not counted. Due to social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic, the website served as a tool for first response to help patients and doctors. Conclusions: Patients and caregivers of the Pediatric Allergy/Immunology service, consulted about digital tools, considered the information supported by a teaching/research institution timely and relevant. The website and Instagram® account have both performed well and shown good return in relation to hits, and results are continuously being evaluated. During COVID-19 pandemic, the website has been connecting patients/families and doctors.
Relação entre o perfil sociodemográfico e a competência motora de crianças
Authors: Ferreira Luciana , Souza Vânia de Fatima Matias de , Rocha Francielli Ferreira da , Silva Pamela Norraila da , Cheuczuk Francielle , Vieira José Luiz Lopes
Published: May 2024

Resumo Objetivo Verificar as relações estabelecidas entre os fatores individuais e ambientais na competência motora de crianças de 06 a 10 anos de idade. Método Trata-se de um estudo de caráter quantitativo, sustentado na estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os seguintes instrumentos de coleta foram utilizados: Teste de Proficiência Motora de Bruininks-Oseretsky e Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment - Middle Childhood. Resultados As análises indicaram a influência dos constructos ambientais no desenvolvimento e manutenção da competência motora das crianças, elucidando o fato de que o ambiente domiciliar adequado é um fator de proteção para o desenvolvimento dessa competência. Crianças residentes em casas adequadas apresentaram em média 66% mais chances de terem competência motora. Outro fato evidenciado deu-se em razão da disparidade no nível de competência motora entre os sexos, com destaque para o fato de que meninas com idade entre 9 e 10 anos que residem em domicílios classificados como não adequados localizados na região central da cidade e que estudam em escolas públicas apresentaram valores de competência motora abaixo do esperado para sua idade. Conclusão O perfil sociodemográfico de crianças que apresentaram as melhores chances para uma proficiência motora mais alta foi de meninos com idade entre 6 e 7 anos que residem em domicílios classificados como adequados localizados em bairros e que estudam em escolas privadas.
ELEIÇÕES E EXTREMISMO NO BRASIL: ANÁLISE DOS PROGRAMAS DE GOVERNO DE HADDAD E BOLSONARO
Authors: Faria Alessandra Maia Terra de , Silva Mayra Goulart da , Jorge Vladimyr Lombardo
Published: May 2024

RESUMO: O presente artigo analisa as eleições presidenciais de 2018 no Brasil por meio da utilização da metodologia desenvolvida pelo Comparative Manifesto Project (CMP-Marpor), conciliando abordagens teóricas e empíricas sobre extremismo. O estudo indaga sobre quais conteúdos indicam que a eleição de 2018 foi polarizada e podem ser considerados marcadores de posicionamentos políticos extremistas. Na análise qualitativa dos programas de governo dos candidatos Fernando Haddad (PT) e Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) que disputaram o segundo turno, adotamos a definição de polarização para verificar se: há dissenso entre os candidatos quanto à interpretação dos problemas brasileiros; as perspectivas dos candidatos são inconciliáveis; e se algum dos candidatos questiona o sistema político e as regras do jogo. Ao final, demonstramos que Bolsonaro foi um candidato de extrema-direita, enquanto Haddad foi um candidato de esquerda, porém não um extremista. Sendo assim, concluímos que a eleição de 2018 é um exemplo de extremismo, que em contexto de sucesso eleitoral, abre espaço para tendências que reforçam assimetrias na cena política nacional.
Parametric study on the decarbonization potential of structural system and concrete mix design choices for mid-rise concrete buildings
Authors: Hafez Hisham , Bajić Petar , Aidarov Stanislav , Malija Xhemsi , Drewniok Michal , Purnell Phil , Tošić Nikola
Published: May 2024

Mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings are projected to continue being the predominant typology for urban development. Thus, reducing the carbon footprint of such buildings is critical for achieving a sustainable built environment. Reducing the amount of concrete and steel in a building through structural and mix design optimization is identified as a primary resource efficiency strategy. This paper is among the first to present evidence of the decarbonization potential of these dematerialization strategies on a building level. The study combines structural design choices such as slab system design, steel reinforcement optimization and span width with materials-based strategies, such as low binder concrete and low-carbon binders. For each scenario, material quantities are calculated following design prescriptions by EN1992–1–1 while state-of-the art life cycle inventory data are adopted to calculate the carbon footprint. Results show that shifting towards more efficient structural systems (i.e., waffle slab system) could save up to 20% of the carbon footprint on the building level compared to more traditional systems, such as slab on beams and flat slabs. In addition, reducing the spans from 7.5 to 5 m can save up to 20% more. Finally, the use of low-clinker cement in low-binder concrete can save another 50% in terms of CO2 impact per built-up area. Realistically, results of the case study concluded that implementing these three strategies could reduce the typical 232 kg CO2e/m2 value of the carbon footprint of structural elements of a mid-rise building up to only 58 kg CO2e/m2, i.e., a four-fold reduction.
Problems of Criminological Determination and Causation in the Scientific Doctrine of Professor Vitaliy Anatolyevich Nomokonov
Authors: Sudakova Tatiana
Published: May 2024

A famous Russian criminologist, Doctor of Law, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Vice-President of the Russian Criminological Association, author of over 400 research works and textbooks Vitaliy Anatolyevich Nomokonov has celebrated his 75th birthday. He is a well-known figure in both Russian and foreign criminology famous for his works, his conceptual and fundamental scientific views and approaches, unfailing principles and loyalty to universal human values when developing the strategy and tactics of corruption counteraction. Being one of the founders of a highly complex problem area in the field of criminology — the theory of crime determination and causation — he also consistently studies the modern aspects of this theory. The Professor was also one of the first scientists who researched the mechanisms of counteracting organized crime and corruption. He has been studying the regional aspects of these interconnected forms of crime over a long period of time, as well as promoting the ideas of its prevention at the political and public levels. Advocating the proactive development of criminology and its methodological basis along the lines of the transforming society, the Professor has been developing new directions in criminology stressing the anticriminal and anticorruption policy. Positive criminology is a trend in his works, he argues for the humane-personal approach in the theory of the criminal’s personality and proves the importance of understanding the regularities of positive law-abiding behavior and identifying the anti-criminogenic factors underlying it. The number of his students and followers is constantly growing. Over 15 researcher, who wrote their dissertation thesis under V.A. Nomokonov’s supervision, have become the founders of the theory of cybercrime, they promote his ideas regarding anticorruption policy, drug abuse, human trafficking, etc., and have the law enforcement experience that they successfully use in their current work.
The Professor’s approaches to understanding organized crime and corruption, as well as the basic and special measures of counteracting these dangerous phenomena, are a safe basis for the corresponding criminological theory, they reflect his forward-thinking and astute attitude. His scientific intuition allows the Professor to be ahead of other research in the sphere of counteracting corruption and provide highly professional predictions on the future regularities of criminal behavior, thus contributing to the development and enriching the theory of criminology and its practical significance.
Homonymous Central Scotomatous Visual Field Defect in a Patient with Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Infarction
Authors: Shin Daeun , Choi Khanghee , Kim Yong-Won , Choi Woochan
Published: May 2024

Incongruous visual field defects, such as sectoranopia, can result from lateral geniculate nucleus infarction. We present a rare case of right lateral geniculate nucleus infarction that manifests as a left inferior homonymous paracentral scotoma. According to the retinotopic organization of the visual tract, central vision from the macula is delivered to the occipital pole via the posterior portion of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Consequently, not only can occipital pole infarction lead to central visual loss, but partial lateral geniculate nucleus infarction can also produce similar manifestations of central visual loss.
Neuro-Behcet’s Disease Manifesting as Bilateral Fornix and Left Thalamus Infarction
Authors: Yoon Myung Ki , Oh Joonseo , Song Kwanju , Kim Kijeong , Chang Jun Young
Published: May 2024

Neuro-Behcet’s disease (NBD) is defined as neurological involvement in Behcet’s disease. A 32-year-old man was admitted due to sudden memory impairment and had a history of recurrent oral/genital ulcers. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed ischemic lesions in the bilateral fornix and left thalamus, and high-resolution vessel wall MRI demonstrated vasculitis in the anterior communicating artery. We report a rare case of NBD that presented as vasculitis and ischemic stroke in the bilateral fornix and thalamus.
Approaches to Consciousness Assessment in Neurocritically Ill Patients
Authors: Kang Dong-Wan , Kim Tae Jung
Published: May 2024

The majority of neurocritically ill patients have disorders of consciousness. Both level and content of consciousness should be assessed repeatedly throughout the course of patient care. In this review, we describe the definition and diagnostic criteria for disorders of consciousness, and the neurological examination and standardized neurobehavioral assessment tools as methods of assessing consciousness. Next, we will discuss neurophysiological and neuroimaging tests as tools for assessing consciousness: automated quantitative pupillometry, electroencephalogram, evoked potentials, brain imaging, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and biomarkers. We discuss the clinical utility of each assessment tool and the importance of a multimodal approach in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication of disorders of consciousness.
Deneyap Atölye Öğrencilerinin Bilimsel Yaratıcılık Becerilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Çakır Salman , Tüzün Hakan
Published: May 2024

Ülkeler rekabet güçlerini arttırmak ve yeni neslin yeterliklerini uluslararası konjektüre uygun hale getirmek için eğitim programlarını ve uygulamalarını sürekli olarak yenilemektedirler. Özellikle üstün yetenekli olarak nitelendirilen bireylerin 21.yy yeterlikleri ile donatılması nitelikli insan gücü açısından önemli olacaktır. Yeni nesilden beklenen beceriler incelendiğinde bilimsel yaratıcılık becerilerinin diğer beceriler ile de ilişkili olduğu görülmektedir. Üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin eğitim aldıkları ortamlardan biri de deneyap atölyeleridir. Bu araştırmada üstün yetenekli olarak nitelendirilen ve deneyap atölyelerinde eğitim alan öğrencilerin bilimsel yaratıcılık becerileri araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya deneyap atölyelerinde öğrenim gören 21 öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Veriler demografik bilgi anketi ve bilimsel yaratıcılık ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler analiz edilirken içerik analizine başvurulmuştur. Veriler ölçek değerlendirme normlarına göre temalaştırılmış ve puan karşılıkları oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda deneyap atölyelerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin bilimsel yaratıcılık düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca demografik bilgilerden anne baba eğitim durumuna göre Kruskal Wallis analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları anne ve baba eğitim düzeyindeki artışın öğrencilerin yaratıcılığını arttırdığını göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar alan yazın araştırmaları ile karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiş ve çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Okul Öncesi Dönemdeki Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocukların Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Sayı Becerilerinin Sayı Hissi Bağlamında İncelenmesi
Authors: Uras Muhammed Celal , Soylu Yasin , Karakuş Derya
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) tanısı olan okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların erken çocukluk dönemindeki sayı becerilerini sayı hissi bağlamında incelemektir. Erken çocukluk döneminde gelişmeye başlayan sayısal beceriler, gelecekteki matematiksel beceriler için temel niteliğindedir. Bu nedenle OSB'li çocuklarda sayı becerilerinin gelişimi etkili müdahalelerin uygulanması açısından önemlidir. Bu araştırmada deneysel olmayan betimsel desen kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki bir ilin özel eğitim uygulama anaokulunda eğitimine devam eden okul öncesi dönemdeki OSB’li çocuklardan oluşmaktadır. Okul öncesi dönemdeki OSB’li çocukların sahip oldukları sayı becerilerinin tespiti için TEMA-3 (Test of Early Mathematics Ability-Third Edition) kullanılmıştır. Çocukların testteki sorulara verdikleri yanıtlara göre TEMA-3 ‘ün değerlendirme esaslarında kullanılan ham puan, yaş denkliği, düzey denkliği, yüzde, matematik yetenek puanı hesaplanmıştır. Bu değerlendirme sürecinde nicel betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, katılımcıların sayısal becerilere farklı düzeylerde sahip olduğunu ve her birinin güçlü ve zayıf yönlerinin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle ağır düzeyde OSB tanısına sahip olan katılımcının performansının çok düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Okul öncesi dönemdeki OSB’li çocukların sayısal becerilerini geliştirmek için erken müdahale programları, somut materyaller ve bireyselleştirilmiş öğretim faydalı olabilir. Ayrıca ailelerin katılımı ve iş birliği de önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, toplumsal farkındalığı artırarak eğitimde kapsayıcı yaklaşımları desteklemeye yönelik önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır. Önerilen stratejiler, OSB'li çocukların matematik potansiyellerini ortaya çıkarmayı ve başarılarını artırmayı hedeflemektedir.
A CONVERGÊNCIA ENTRE O SUCESSO DA HUMANIZAÇÃO OBSTÉTRICA E A EQUIPE MULTIDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Pires Soares de Oliveira Laura , Cunha de Oliveira Anna Livia , Medeiros de Araujo Iara , Gusmão Sônia , Ferraz Pinto Marcia
Published: May 2024

A gestação e o parto representam períodos marcados pela imprevisibilidade e pela capacidade de mudança completa na vida da gestante e de sua família. Sendo assim, a ação da equipe responsável por auxiliar o nascimento do concepto torna-se fundamental para permitir tranquilidade nesse momento único. Nesse sentido, essa revisão narrativa tem como objetivo descrever sobre a importância da equipe multidisciplinar no âmbito do parto humanizado, a partir da fundamentação em artigos existentes na literatura. Trata-se de uma análise crítica, descritiva e discursiva, construída a partir de artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, nas línguas português, inglês e espanhol, disponíveis nos bancos de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Pubmed. Foram usados como descritores: "gestantes", "parto humanizado" e "acolhimento", e como critérios de exclusão aqueles artigos publicados há mais de cinco anos. A desconstrução do modelo tecnicista da assistência ao parto visando a uma maior humanização desse processo teve início em 1985 através das condutas obstétricas instituídas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Em conjunto a essas medidas, em 2011, foi criada a Rede Cegonha com o intuito de reorganizar os serviços obstétricos dos municípios de modo a estabelecer um processo mais humanizado, em que a parturiente fosse a protagonista. Nesse sentido, é essencial apontar a relevância do conhecimento, pela gestante, dos processos fisiológicos que ela virá a sofrer, sendo este somente possível através da multidisciplinaridade do cuidado, em que profissionais de cada área deverão explicar as mudanças nas diferentes esferas físicas e emocionais. Assim, cada profissional da saúde envolvido no processo tem sua devida importância, devendo trabalhar de forma integrada e complementar. Com isso, é evidente como a equipe multidisciplinar é necessária e deve ser um requisito no momento do pré-natal e do parto, objetivando a humanização completa desses momentos tão fecundos.
The assessment of social and economic spends conditioned by the respiratory organs diseases of military cursors
Authors: Yemelyanov V. N. , Kuzin A. A. , Azarova N. I. , Tovpeko D. V. , Alekseev P. E. , Kulikov P. V.
Published: May 2024

The results of the assessment of the indicators of disability; the level and structure of hospitalization for the period from 2013 to 2018 and the analysis of financial and economic spends connected with the respiratory diseases among the cadets studying in a military educational organization are presented here. In the course of the conducted study; it has been specified that respiratory diseases occupy a leading position in the morbidity structure of cadets; in conjunction with their hospitalization and temporary disability. The greatest financial and economic costs in diseases of the respiratory system are caused by community-acquired pneumonia; as well as acute bronchitis and the widespread pathology of the ear; nose and throat; such as the curvature of the nasal septum. We believe that this is connected with a long stay in hospital (21; 10 and 12 bed days; respectively); as well as the severity of the disease course and the complications. The fulfilled assessment of the socio-economic spends by the respiratory system diseases of cadet students studying in a military educational organization shows their relevance and significance; which are determined by their specific nosological forms. The results obtained can contribute to a more objective redistribution of financial resources; as well as to planning the most optimal and effective diagnostic and sanitary anti-epidemic measures. The monitoring and preventing respiratory diseases are of great social importance; since they are allow to reduce the incidence of disease; improve the treatment outcomes; as well as efficiently and competently allocate the resources. In this connection; the procedure for organizing and implementing the prophylaxis of respiratory organs diseases is one of the priority direction in the medical support of military students.
Epidemiological data of the malignant neoplasms of bladder in St. Petersburg
Authors: Hizha V. V. , Movchan K. N. , Chernov K. E. , Artyushin B. S. , Morozov Yu. M. , Zharkov A. V. , Tatarkin V. V. , Rusakevich K. I.
Published: May 2024

The main epidemiological and statistical data on the observations of malignant neoplasia of the bladder in residents of St. Petersburg in 2013–2017 were evaluated. Was established that, despite the increase in the incidence of bladder cancer and large volumes of diagnostic and treatment work, the quality of medical care for patients with this pathology remains at an appropriate level. The latter is due to the permanent improvement of technological and organizational methods of examination, as well as treatment with the possibility of timely verification of neoplasia and oncological sanation of patients. The proportion of patients suffering from localized forms of bladder cancer over the past 5 years has increased by 15%. However, quantitative indicators of the number of patients suffering from invasive variants of the disease are quite high. The annual mortality of patients due to malignant bladder tumors in St. Petersburg is lower than the average in Russia (16 and 16,5%, respectively). At the same time, the «crude» mortality rate for this disease in St. Petersburg remains stable, although exceeding the same parameter in the regions of the Russian Federation. However, the mortality rate does not always unambiguously reflect the inadequate quality of examination and treatment of patients, as it depends on many reasons. The 5-year survival rate for patients with bladder cancer is one of the highest in the country. We believe that the quality of medical care for residents of the city who have bladder cancer is not inferior in its characteristics to that in other regions of Russia, and in a number of indicators it is in the leading position. The purposeful introduction into practice of St. Petersburg doctors of modern information technologies for the collection, processing, storage and analysis of medical and statistical data on cases of malignant neoplasms is one of the priority tasks of improving the organization of anti-cancer control in the perspective of the successful implementation of measures for the development of healthcare in Russia.
Kandungan senyawa fitokimia dan aktivitas antifungal ekstrak Padina sp. menggunakan ultrasound assisted extraction terhadap Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Hidayah Nur , Sumandiarsa I Ketut , Alqadiri Walian Maimun
Published: May 2024

Alga cokelat Padina sp. memiliki komponen fitokimia yang berpotensi sebagai antifungal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pelarut terbaik berdasarkan komponen senyawa aktif dan aktivitas antifungal ekstrak Padina sp. terhadap Aspergillus flavus. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode berbantu gelombang ultrasonik melalui 3 jenis pelarut, yaitu etanol, metanol, dan etil asetat. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi persentase rendemen, fitokimia, dan aktivitas antifungal. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif dan pengujian aktivitas antifungal terhadap A. flavus menggunakan metode difusi sumuran agar. Perairan Pulau Panggang menjadi lokasi pengambilan sampel Padina sp. dengan pH 9, suhu 28,1-28,9°C, salinitas 31-32 ppm, dan oksigen terlarut (DO) 6,5 ppm. Rendemen ekstrak etanol 20,98±1,54%, metanol 13,71±5,94%, dan etil asetat 6,67±3,30%. Senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung dalam ekstrak Padina sp. dengan 3 jenis pelarut tersebut meliputi alkaloid, saponin, steroid, dan fenol. Aktivitas antifungal tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstrak metanol dengan konsentrasi 30% ditunjukkan dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 7,21±0,41 mm dan diameter zona hambat paling kecil diperoleh dari ekstrak etil asetat dengan konsentrasi 10% sebesar 1,17±0,09 mm. Ekstrak Padina sp. dari Perairan Pulau Panggang memiliki 4 jenis senyawa fitokimia dengan aktivitas antifungal terhadap A. flavus dengan kategori cukup kuat.
Karakteristik biskuit bayi dengan penambahan tepung jagung manis, tepung kacang merah, dan tepung ikan gabus
Authors: Siswanti Siswanti , Delinda Monika Vania , Parnanto Nur Her Riyadi , Widowati Dyah
Published: May 2024

Biskuit bayi merupakan makanan pendamping air susu ibu (MPASI) yang dikonsumsi dengan penambahan air, susu, dan atau dikonsumsi langsung oleh bayi berusia >6 bulan. MPASI mengandung karbohidrat, protein, lemak, dan nutrisi lainnya. Upaya diversifikasi biskuit bayi dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan tepung jagung manis (TJM) yang mengandung karbohidrat dan vitamin A sebagai alternatif pengganti tepung terigu. Protein berkontribusi dalam pertumbuhan bayi, sehingga kecukupannya dalam MPASI perlu dipenuhi melalui penambahan tepung kacang merah (TKM) dan tepung ikan gabus (TIG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan formula terbaik penambahan TJM, TKM, dan TIG dalam pembuatan biskuit bayi berdasarkan parameter fisikokimia dan sensori. Biskuit bayi dihasilkan melalui penambahan tepung jagung manis, tepung kacang merah, dan tepung ikan gabus, yaitu F1 (kontrol), F2 (30:8:2), F3 (30:6:4), F4 (30:4:6), dan F5 (30:2:8). Parameter fisikokimia yang diamati meliputi analisis daya serap air, kelarutan, proksimat, kadar vitamin A, kalori, dan angka kecukupan gizi (AKG). Analisis sensori dilakukan untuk parameter warna, aroma, rasa, tekstur, dan overall. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan jumlah TKM dan peningkatan jumlah TIG menyebabkan peningkatan kadar air, abu, protein, dan vitamin A, serta penurunan daya serap air, kelarutan, kadar lemak, karbohidrat, dan kalori pada biskuit bayi. Biskuit bayi perlakuan F2 menunjukkan daya serap air 3,88±0,14 g/g, kelarutan 43,47±0,87%, nilai kalori 450,96 kkal, dan angka kecukupan gizi tertinggi 56,37% serta paling disukai panelis untuk semua parameter (warna, aroma, rasa, tekstur, dan overall).
Karakteristik kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan teripang (Holothuria sp.) segar dan olahan secara tradisional di Papua Barat
Authors: Hanifaturahmah Fadiyah , Dewanti-Hariyadi Ratih , Hasanah Uswatun , Nurilmala Mala
Published: May 2024

Teripang (Holothuria sp.) hidup di perairan Indonesia dan tersebar luas di daerah Perairan Papua. Teripang diperdagangkan dan diekspor dalam bentuk kering untuk dikonsumsi karena dipercaya mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang memberikan dampak positif bagi kesehatan. Proses pengolahan dapat memengaruhi karakteristik kimia dan potensi bioaktivitas pada suatu bahan pangan. Informasi mengenai pengaruh pengolahan teripang dari perairan Papua Barat terhadap karakteristik kimia dan aktivitas antioksidannya belum dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan teripang segar dan olahannya secara tradisional. Sampel teripang segar disiapkan dengan membuang isi perutnya. Teripang rebus diolah dengan merebus teripang segar di dalam air laut selama 15 menit. Teripang asap yang diperoleh dari nelayan merupakan teripang segar yang telah direbus dalam air laut selama 1,5-2 jam, diasap selama 8 jam, dan dikeringkan di bawah sinar matahari selama 8 jam. Hasil identifikasi spesies menunjukkan bahwa teripang segar dan rebus yang diperoleh dari perairan Papua Barat adalah Holothuria atra, sementara teripang asap (Holothuria sp.) sulit diidentifikasi secara spesifik. Teripang mengandung kadar air 10-84%, protein 47-55%, lemak 3-4%, dan abu 27-35%. Kadar air, protein, dan lemak teripang mengalami penurunan setelah diberi perlakuan perebusan dan pengasapan; sedangkan kadar abu mengalami peningkatan. Hasil analisis antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menunjukkan bahwa teripang segar memiliki nilai IC50 189,3 mg/L, teripang rebus 58,36 mg/L, dan teripang asap 49,28 mg/L. Proses pengolahan teripang di Papua Barat mampu meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan.