bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Питання екологічності та безпеки теплоізоляційних матеріалів для військового будівництва
Authors: Linnik Dmytro , Frolov Oleksandr , Rabochaya Tatiana , Kushnareva Galina , Progulny Victor
Published: July 2024

Мета роботи: стаття спрямована на дослідження питань екологічності та безпеки теплоізоляційних матеріалів, які використовуються у військовому будівництві.
Дизайн / Метод / Підхід дослідження: У роботі використовується науковий метод, який базується на аналізі літературних джерел, стандартів та наукових публікацій з питань теплоізоляції, екологічності та безпеки будівельних матеріалів. Також використовуються методи оцінки екологічних властивостей матеріалів і їх пожежної безпеки.
Результати дослідження: Аналіз показав, що на сьогоднішній день існує низка теплоізоляційних матеріалів для військового будівництва, які відповідають критеріям екологічності та безпеки. до таких матеріалів відноситься мінеральна вата, спінений перліт, арболіт, арболітобетон, аерогелі, спеціальні піни.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: Дослідження розширює теоретичні знання про властивості теплоізоляційних матеріалів із спеціальним акцентом на їхню екологічність та безпеку в контексті військового будівництва.
Практична цінність дослідження: Результати статті можуть бути використані для вдосконалення вибору теплоізоляційних матеріалів у військовому будівництві з метою забезпечення найвищого рівня безпеки і зменшення негативного впливу на довкілля.
Оригінальність / Цінність дослідження: Стаття має оригінальність, оскільки об’єднує аспекти теплоізоляції, екологічності та безпеки матеріалів в контексті військового будівництва, що має велике значення в умовах сучасних викликів сталого розвитку.
Обмеження дослідження / Майбутні дослідження: Одним з обмежень є обмежений асортимент матеріалів, які були розглянуті у дослідженні. Майбутні дослідження можуть включати детальніші експериментальні випробування з іншими типами теплоізоляційних матеріалів та їхнім впливом на довкілля.
Тип статті: теоретичний.
The Guarantee of Children's Right in Determinating Guardian ad Litem on Sale and Purchase of Inherited Property
Authors: Rahmadanti Saumita Ngesti , Marisa Kurnianingsih  , Ellya Nur Fariesha Binti Azrurahime
Published: July 2024

On selling the property of minors, absolutely parents must pay attention to the main objective, namely the welfare of the child. Thus, it is not used for personal interests and overrides the interests of children because this is contrary to children's rights. This study examines protecting children's rights for Guardian ad Litem (GAL), which will trade their children's property. To study the rules governing how a guardian ad litem can handle inherited property for the benefit of minors because he is considered an heir to his parent's property if his parents die. This study uses an empirical juridical methodology from the legislative framework, cases, conceptual frameworks, and interviews. Then, the novelty contains the role of the government in regulating minors who legally sell their inherited property and consider related children's rights. The study shows that Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) of Kota Surakarta has carried out its duties effectively, supported by the conditions set for parents who want to sell the property on behalf of their children. The results of this study are the steps taken by the government to ensure that parents do not abuse their power to steal children's property and further examine guardian ad litem ship according to Islamic law. The role of BPN of Kota Surakarta is also in collaboration with the Religious Court in charge of determining guardian ad litem of minors. It can be concluded that the reasons for parents who want to sell their children's inheritance are clear and not abused by parents who want to become guardian ad litem. It caused the role of guardian ad litem in Islam to include the maintenance of themselves and their property. So that all guardians ad litem maintain health, justice, honesty, and good behavior.
Reaching the Unreached: The Role And Contribution Of Open And Distance Education For Communities In The Island Region
Authors: Angga Sucitra Hendrayana
Published: July 2024

Accessibility and reachability are the strengths of open and distance education (ODE) with its cost-effectiveness and flexibility. The territory of the Republic of Indonesia, which is an archipelagic country, proves that Open and Distance Education (ODE) has proven to be able to reach remote areas in the archipelago of the Republic of Indonesia.  Open and Distance Education (ODE) provides higher education opportunities for people who are unable to continue their formal education due to their remoteness.  This article discusses efforts to increase the reachability of open and distance education (ODE) in the Kepulauan Riau Province.  This article also presents the experience of Universitas Terbuka regional office Batam which is part of the Universitas Terbuka Indonesia in contributing to increasing reachability and providing access to education for people in the area.
Distance Education Based on Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodho, Ing Madyo Mangun Karso, Tut Wuri Handayani: An Alternative to Strengthening Education Pillars
Authors: Kusnadi Kusnadi
Published: July 2024

This article aims to discuss distance education based on ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani, an alternative to strengthening the pillars of education. Distance education is an alternative to providing access to education for people who are constrained by distance and time. Based on the concept of "Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo, Ing Madyo Mangun Karso, Tut Wuri Handayani" which is a principle in Javanese education, Distance Education can reinforce the three pillars of education. First, Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo means "in front of setting an example". Distance Education can provide exemplary examples through the use of appropriate technology in the teaching and learning process. Using the right technology, such as video conferencing, e-learning, and other learning media, creates an interactive and interesting learning environment for students. Second, Ing Madyo Mangun Karso means "in the middle of strengthening the spirit". Distance Education can provide students a high enthusiasm for learning by providing access to all levels of society to learn. That way, students can develop their potential and improve their quality of life. Third, Tut Wuri Handayani means "behind giving support". Distance Education can provide support in the form of tutoring and counseling to students who need it. With this support, students can better understand and achieve learning goals more easily. The method used in this article is a qualitative approach to the literature study method. In conclusion, Distance Education can be the right alternative for providing education access for people constrained by distance and time. The concept of "Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo, Ing Madyo Mangun Karso, Tut Wuri Handayani" is a principle in Javanese education that can reinforce the three pillars of education.
CT-based finite element simulating spatial bone damage accumulation predicts metastatic human vertebrae strength and stiffness
Authors: Soltani Zahra , Xu Michelle , Radovitzky Raul , Stadelmann Marc A. , Hackney David , Alkalay Ron N.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Pathologic vertebral fractures are devastating for patients with spinal metastases. However, the mechanical process underlying these fractures is poorly understood, limiting physician’s ability to predict which vertebral bodies will fail.

Method: Here, we show the development of a damage-based finite element framework producing highly reliable pathologic vertebral strength and stiffness predictions from X-Ray computed tomography (CT) data. We evaluated the performance of specimen-specific material calibration vs. global material calibration across osteosclerotic, osteolytic, and mixed lesion vertebrae that we derived using a machine learning approach.

Results: The FE framework using global calibration strongly predicted the pathologic vertebrae stiffness (R2 = 0.90, p < 0.0001) and strength (R2 = 0.83, p = 0.0002) despite the remarkable variance in the pathologic bone structure and density. Specimen-specific calibration produced a near-perfect prediction of both stiffness and strength (R2 = 0.99, p < 0.0001, for both), validating the FE approach. The FE damage-based simulations highlighted the differences in the pattern of spatial damage evolution between osteosclerotic and osteolytic vertebral bodies.

Discussion: With failure, the FE simulation suggested a common damage evolution pathway progressing largely localized to the low bone modulus regions within the vertebral volume. Applying this FE approach may allow us to predict the onset and anatomical location of vertebral failure, which is critical for developing image-based diagnostics of impending pathologic vertebral fractures.
New insight into the CNC-bZIP member, NFE2L3, in human diseases
Authors: Xiong Guanghui , Li Jie , Yao Fuli , Yang Fang , Xiang Yuancai
Published: July 2024

Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 3 (NFE2L3), a member of the CNC-bZIP subfamily and widely found in a variety of tissues, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-anchored transcription factor that can be released from the ER and moved into the nucleus to bind the promoter region to regulate a series of target genes involved in antioxidant, inflammatory responses, and cell cycle regulation in response to extracellular or intracellular stress. Recent research, particularly in the past 5 years, has shed light on NFE2L3’s participation in diverse biological processes, including cell differentiation, inflammatory responses, lipid homeostasis, immune responses, and tumor growth. Notably, NFE2L3 has been identified as a key player in the development and prognosis of multiple cancers including colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, research has linked NFE2L3 to other cancers such as lung adenocarcinoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, and laryngeal carcinoma, indicating its potential as a target for innovative cancer treatment approaches. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the role of NFE2L3 in disease, this review offers insights into the discovery, structure, function, and recent advancements in the study of NFE2L3 to lay the groundwork for the development of NFE2L3-targeted cancer therapies.
In silico enzyme screening identifies an SDR ketoreductase from Thermus caliditerrae as an attractive biocatalyst and promising candidate for protein engineering
Authors: Sosa Yvett , Kapur Bhav , Hurtak Jessica , Kingsley Laura J. , Wu Hao , Gruber Stefanie , Nar Herbert , Khattabi Saad , Moral Jesus Seco , Lucas Maria Fátima , Martin Caterina , Lončar Nikola , Buono Frederic , Pefaur Noah , Nixon Andrew E. , Song Jinhua J.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Biocatalysis, particularly through engineered enzymes, presents a cost-effective, efficient, and eco-friendly approach to compound synthesis. We sought to identify ketoreductases capable of synthesizing optically pure alcohols or ketones, essential chiral building blocks for active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Methods: Using BioMatchMaker®, an in silico high-throughput platform that allows the identification of wild-type enzyme sequences for a desired chemical transformation, we identified a bacterial SDR ketoreductase from Thermus caliditerrae, Tcalid SDR, that demonstrates favorable reaction efficiency and desired enantiomeric excess.

Results: Here we present two crystal structures of the Tcalid SDR in an apo-form at 1.9 Å and NADP-complexed form at 1.7 Å resolution (9FE6 and 9FEB, respectively). This enzyme forms a homotetramer with each subunit containing an N-terminal Rossmann-fold domain. We use computational analysis combined with site-directed mutagenesis and enzymatic characterization to define the substrate-binding pocket. Furthermore, the enzyme retained favorable reactivity and selectivity after incubation at elevated temperature.

Conclusion: The enantioselectivity combined with the thermostability of Tcalid SDR makes this enzyme an attractive engineering starting point for biocatalysis applications.
Small RNA GadY in Escherichia coli enhances conjugation system of IncP-1 by targeting SdiA
Authors: Zhang Shebin , Long Jiao , Li Qiwei , Li Mo , Yu Ruiqi , Lu Yang , Ma Xingyan , Cai Yimei , Shen Cong , Zeng Jianming , Huang Bin , Chen Cha , Pu Jieying
Published: July 2024

Plasmid-mediated conjugation is a common mechanism for most bacteria to transfer antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The conjugative transfer of ARGs is emerging as a major threat to human beings. Although several transfer-related factors are known to regulate this process, small RNAs (sRNAs)-based regulatory roles remain to be clarified. Here, the Hfq-binding sRNA GadY in donor strain Escherichia coli (E. coli) SM10λπ was identified as a new regulator for bacterial conjugation. Two conjugation models established in our previous studies were used, which SM10λπ carrying a chromosomally integrated IncP-1α plasmid RP4 and a mobilizable plasmid pUCP24T served as donor cells, and P. aeruginosa PAO1 or E. coli EC600 as the recipients. GadY was found to promote SM10λπ-PAO1 conjugation by base-pairing with its target mRNA SdiA, an orphan LuxR-type receptor that responds to exogenous N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs). However, SM10λπ-EC600 conjugation was not affected due to EC600 lacking AHLs synthase. It indicates that the effects of GadY on conjugation depended on AHLs-SdiA signalling. Further study found GadY bound SdiA to negatively regulate the global RP4 repressors KorA and KorB. When under ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin treatment, GadY expression in donor strain was enhanced, and it positively regulated quinolone-induced SM10λπ-PAO1 conjugation. Thus, our study provides a novel role for sRNA GadY in regulating plasmid-mediated conjugation, which helps us better understand bacterial conjugation to counter antibiotic resistance.
Understanding news-related user comments and their effects: a systematic review
Authors: Kubin Emily , Merz Pascal , Wahba Mariam , Davis Cate , Gray Kurt , von Sikorski Christian
Published: July 2024

There has been growing interest in research on news-related user comments. Here we conduct the first systematic review of this literature—quantitatively and qualitatively (248 studies)—that covers the entire communication process (content analyses, surveys, experiments). Results indicate a focus on online news articles (vs videos) and little consideration for major social media platforms (Instagram, TikTok). Research often assesses incivility in comments but offers conflicting conclusions on the actual level of incivility in comment threads—and seldom considers how to effectively combat any incivility. We propose four priorities for future work: more comparative and longitudinal approaches; exploring social media and video content; examining platform design, content moderation and artificial intelligence; and implementing measures to reduce incivility and protect the integrity of journalism.
The application value of 24 h Holter monitoring indices in predicting MACEs outside the hospital within three years after PCI in patients with STEMI
Authors: Chen Bingxin , Men Li , Wang Hongli , Yang Long , Li Mingxi , Hu Jingcheng , Fan Ping
Published: July 2024

Background

Evaluating cardiovascular risk in patients experiencing acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is crucial for early intervention and improving long-term outcomes. 24 h Holter monitoring provides continuous cardiac electrophysiological data, enabling the detection of arrhythmias and autonomic dysfunction that are not captured during routine examinations. This study aimed to examine the relationship between Holter monitoring metrics and the occurrence of out-of-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) following PCI in patients with STEMI, offering insights into cardiovascular risk evaluation.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included STEMI patients undergoing PCI. 24 h Holter monitoring data were recorded, including heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) metrics such as SDNN and SDANN index, heart rate deceleration capacity (DC) at different time scales (DC2, DC4, DC8), and the frequency of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Independent correlations between these indices and MACEs, as well as cardiovascular deaths, were investigated using multifactorial logistic regression. Predictive capacities were assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

A total of 172 participants were enrolled in this study. Over the 3-year follow-up period, MACEs were observed in 57 patients, including 20 cases of cardiac death. In logistic regression models adjusted for confounding variables, SDNN [OR: 0.980; 95% CI: (0.967, 0.994); p = 0.005] and SDANN index [OR: 0.982; 95% CI: (0.969, 0.996); p = 0.009] were negatively associated with the incidence of MACEs. Conversely, the slowest heart rate [OR: 1.075; 95% CI: (1.022, 1.131); p = 0.005] and frequent PVCs [OR: 2.685; 95% CI: (1.204, 5.987); p = 0.016] demonstrated a positive association with MACEs. Furthermore, SDNN [OR: 0.957; 95% CI: (0.933, 0.981); p = 0.001], DC [OR: 0. 702; 95% CI: (0.526, 0.938); p = 0.017]) and DC4 [OR: 0.020; 95% CI: (0.001, 0.664); p = 0.029] were negatively associated with cardiac death. The ROC analysis results indicated that SDNN was an effective predictor of both MACEs [AUC: 0.688 (95% CI: 0.601–0.776)] and cardiac death [AUC: 0.752 (95% CI: 0.625–0.879)].

Conclusion

HRV, DC metrics, and frequent PVCs obtained by 24 h Holter monitoring were associated with the risk of MACEs in STEMI patients. These metrics can help clinicians identify at-risk patients early so that timely interventions.
Advanced magnetic resonance imaging in human placenta: insights into fetal growth restriction and congenital heart disease
Authors: Sadiku Eric , Sun Liqun , Macgowan Christopher K. , Seed Mike , Morrison Janna L.
Published: July 2024

Placental function plays a crucial role in fetal development, as it serves as the primary interface for delivery of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to fetus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly improved our ability to visualize and understand the placenta's complex structure and function. This review provides an up-to-date examination of the most common and novel placental MRI techniques. It will also discuss the clinical applications of MRI in diagnosing and monitoring placental insufficiency, as well as its implications for fetal growth restriction (FGR) and congenital heart disease (CHD). Ongoing research using multi-parametric MRI techniques aims to develop novel biomarkers and uncover the relationships between placental parameters and pre-onset diseased states, ultimately contributing to better maternal and fetal health outcomes, which is essential to better guide clinical judgement.
A real-world observational study on the effect of Qingre Lishi decoction on glycemic profile using continuous glucose monitoring in obese type 2 diabetes adults
Authors: Wei Bingchen , Gao Tianshu , Li Mingzhe , Tian Xiaojun , Wang Jinxi
Published: July 2024

Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of the Qingre Lishi decoction in treating of newly diagnosed overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from an evidence-based medical perspective.

Methods

70 cases of overweight and obese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM treated in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Endocrinology of the Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2021 to November 2022 were selected, of which 35 cases were in the observation group and 35 cases were in the control group. The observation group was treated with the Qingre Lishi decoction add lifestyle intervention, and the control group was treated with lifestyle intervention only. We compared and analyzed the fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), the occurrence of adverse reactions, and the related indexes provided by wearing the CGM device during the observation period of the patients in the two groups.

Results

53 participants completed the clinical trial. In relation of glycemic control, a decreasing trend has shown in both groups, with the decreases in FPG, 2hPG, eHbA1c, and MG in the observation group being higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In regard to blood glucose attainment, at the 28d, the attainment rate of patients in the observation group with TIR>80% was 87.10%, and the magnitude of changes in the rise of TIR and the fall of TAR was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.01). In terms of blood glucose fluctuation, CV and SD of the patients in the observation group decreased compared with the 0d; the magnitude of daytime blood glucose fluctuation was significantly alleviated compared with that of the control group. The degree of decrease in LAGE, MAGE, and MODD was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01).

Conclusion

The Qingre Lishi decoction can effectively improve the hyperglycemic condition of overweight and obese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. It can reduce blood glucose, alleviate blood glucose fluctuations, reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia, and improve patients’ adherence and self-confidence in controlling blood glucose.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://itmctr.ccebtcm.org.cn/, identifier ITMCTR2024000006.
Sex steroid hormones: an overlooked yet fundamental factor in oral homeostasis in humans
Authors: Cornejo Ulloa Pilar E. , Krom B. P. , Schoonmade Linda J. , van der Veen M. H.
Published: July 2024

Sex steroid hormones (SSH) are extremely versatile molecules with a myriad of physiological functions. Next to their well-known role in sexual development and reproduction, SSH play active roles in practically every tissue in the human body, including the oral cavity. It has long been demonstrated that periodontal tissues express SSH receptors and therefore are responsive to the presence of SSH. Interestingly, SSH not only interact with the periodontal tissues but also with other tissues in the oral cavity such as dental enamel, pulp, cementum, oral mucosa, and salivary glands. Questions concerning the possible physiological functions of these receptors and their role in maintenance of oral health, remain unanswered. The purpose of this scoping review was to gather and summarize all the available evidence on the role of SSH in physiological processes in the oral cavity in humans. Two comprehensive literature searches were performed. References were screened and selected based on title, abstract and full text according to our inclusion criteria. Both searches yielded 18,992 results of which 73 were included. Results were divided into four categories: (1) Periodontium; (2) Dental structure; (3) Mucosa; and (4) Salivary glands. The interaction of these tissues with progestagens, androgens and estrogens are summarized. Sex steroid hormones are an overlooked yet fundamental factor in oral homeostasis. They play important roles in the development and function of the periodontium, dental structure, mucosa and salivary glands. Dentists and healthcare providers should consider these hormonal factors when assessing and treating oral health conditions.
Dynamics of peripheral blood inflammatory index predict tumor pathological response and survival among patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who underwent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy: a multi-cohort retrospective study
Authors: Zhai Wenyu , Zhang Chao , Duan Fangfang , Xie Jingdun , Dai Shuqin , Lin Yaobin , Yan Qihang , Rao Bingyu , Li Liang , Zhou Yuheng , Zhao Zerui , Long Hao , Wang Junye
Published: July 2024

Background

Static tumor features before initiating anti-tumor treatment were insufficient to distinguish responding from non-responding tumors under the selective pressure of immuno-therapy. Herein we investigated the longitudinal dynamics of peripheral blood inflammatory indexes (dPBI) and its value in predicting major pathological response (MPR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

A total of 147 patients with NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed as training cohort, and 26 NSCLC patients from a phase II trial were included as validation cohort. Peripheral blood inflammatory indexes were collected at baseline and as posttreatment status; their dynamics were calculated as their posttreatment values minus their baseline level. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was utilized to screen out predictors for MPR, and a MPR score was integrated. We constructed a model incorporating this MPR score and clinical predictors for predicting MPR and evaluated its predictive capacity via the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic and calibration curves. Furthermore, we sought to interpret this MPR score in the context of micro-RNA transcriptomic analysis in plasma exosomes for 12 paired samples (baseline and posttreatment) obtained from the training cohort.

Results

Longitudinal dynamics of monocyte–lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-albumin ratio, and prognostic nutritional index were screened out as significant indicators for MPR and a MPR score was integrated, which was further identified as an independent predictor of MPR. Then, we constructed a predictive model incorporating MPR score, histology, and differentiated degree, which discriminated MPR and non-MPR patients well in both the training and validation cohorts with an AUC value of 0.803 and 0.817, respectively. Furthermore, micro-RNA transcriptomic analysis revealed the association between our MPR score and immune regulation pathways. A significantly better event-free survival was seen in subpopulations with a high MPR score.

Conclusion

Our findings suggested that dPBI reflected responses to neoadjuvant immuno-chemotherapy for NSCLC. The MPR score, a non-invasive biomarker integrating their dynamics, captured the miRNA transcriptomic pattern in the tumor microenvironment and distinguished MPR from non-MPR for neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, which could support the clinical decisions on the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based treatments in NSCLC patients.
From pathogenesis to antigens: the key to shaping the future of TB vaccines
Authors: Yang Haoyan , Lei Xinkui , Chai Siyu , Su Guimin , Du Lin
Published: July 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the gravest global health challenges. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent, employs sophisticated immune evasion and pathogenesis strategies. Its capability to thrive within immune cells and incite robust inflammatory responses prolongs infection and dissemination. Mycobacterial advanced adaptations facilitate navigation through the human immune system and present a variable antigenic profile throughout different infection stages. Investigating these strategies unfolds targeted approaches to effective vaccine development against TB. This review delves into the most advanced and exhaustive insights into the immune evasion tactics and pathogenic processes of M. tuberculosis across various infection stages. The knowledge distilled from this analysis holds the promise of guiding the creation of innovative TB vaccines and translating theoretical groundwork into practical immunological defenses.
Examination of in situ and ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis and liquid fractionation utilizing a free-fall reactor
Authors: Struhs Ethan , Mirkouei Amin , Appiah Harrison , McDonald Armando G.
Published: July 2024

This study examines biomass valorization through thermochemical conversion by an integrated catalytic fast pyrolysis process with liquid fractionation using a free-fall reactor, γ-alumina, as a catalyst and methanol for direct quenching. The novelty lies within the process intensification (i.e., a single-step conversion and fractionation pathway) to improve pyrolysis oil yield and quality. In particular, the conversion bioprocess utilizes in situ or ex situ catalytic free-fall fast pyrolysis reactors at 550°C and 10–15 psi to produce pyrolysis oil and char (bio-oil and biochar) from pinewood feedstocks. The results from the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry show that the main volatile fractions of bio-oil compounds are levoglucosan, furfural, hydroxy acetone, methyl acetate, and catechol. The electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry results determine the average molar mass, revealing improved cracking, thermal treatment, and fraction stabilization. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal aging provide insight into the change in functional groups in relation to experimental parameters. The outcomes indicate that γ-alumina successfully decreased acidic compounds and increased esters and phenolic content in the bio-oil. The bio-oil produced from the ex situ catalytic pyrolysis also shows the highest liquid yield (~41%), high phenolic content, and thermally stable properties. The in situ catalytic pyrolysis exhibits lower yields but favors high ketone formation. Fractions condensed in methanol exhibit the highest thermal stability and esterification potential; however, they still possess relatively high amounts of acidic compounds. It is concluded that ex situ catalytic pyrolysis, using γ-alumina catalyst and fractionation with methanol, can improve conversion reactions, particularly bio-oil quality, yield, and thermal stability.
Scabies: current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Mitchell Elke , Wallace Miranda , Marshall Justine , Whitfeld Margot , Romani Lucia
Published: July 2024

Scabies is a global public health issue, with approximately 455 million new cases worldwide each year. Scabies is a parasitic skin disease caused by infestation with the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis that can lead to secondary skin infections such as impetigo. In 2017, scabies was added to the World Health Organization’s list of neglected tropical diseases renewing calls for effective management and control of the disease. Mass drug administration has emerged as an effective strategy to control scabies, especially in highly endemic settings. In this review, we detail scabies epidemiology and risk factors, clinical characteristics and diagnosis, as well as control options, and future areas for scabies research.
Case report: POEMS syndrome with portal hypertension
Authors: Xu Xiaotong , Jing Changyou , Zhu Tong , Jiang Minjie , Fu Yunlai , Xie Fang , Li Jianjun , Meng Qinghua
Published: July 2024

This patient was an elderly patient with abdominal distension and shortness of breath. According to relevant examinations, his condition was initially considered to be related to cirrhosis, but pathological biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of noncirrhotic portal hypertension of unknown etiology. The portal vein pressure was significantly reduced after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Nevertheless, the relief of the hydrothorax and ascites was not significant, and the numbness in both lower limbs gradually worsened. POEMS syndrome was ultimately diagnosed following a comprehensive examination. After two courses of bortezomib combined with dexamethasone, the patient died due to a systemic infection. The clinical symptoms of the patient were atypical, as was the presence of portal hypertension, which hindered the diagnosis of POEMS. Due to the patient’s advanced age, the diagnosis was delayed, and the prognosis was poor. This case reminds clinicians that POEMS patients can also have portal hypertension as the main manifestation.
Oxygen regulation of microbial communities and chemical compounds in cigar tobacco curing
Authors: Yang Juan , Xue Fang , Li Dongliang , Chen Jiaowen , Shi Guiyang , Song Guangfu , Li Youran
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Curing is a critical process that determines the sensory quality of cigars. The impact of oxygen on cigar curing and the mechanisms by which it regulates microbial changes affecting cigar quality are not well understood.

Methods

In this study, we selected handmade cigars from the same batch and conducted curing experiments in environments with varying oxygen concentrations (equivalent to 0.1%, 6–12, and 15% of atmospheric oxygen concentration). We collected samples over 60 days and analyzed the distribution of microbial communities using high-throughput sequencing. Combined with the analysis of total sugars, proteins, flavor substances, and other chemical compounds, we elucidated how different oxygen concentrations affect the cigar curing process, influence microbial community succession, and ultimately impact cigar quality.

Results

Our results revealed significant differences in bacterial community composition under different oxygen conditions. Under aerobic conditions, Cyanobacteria were the dominant bacteria, while under oxygen-limited conditions, Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium predominated. As oxygen concentration decreased, so did the richness and diversity of the bacterial community. Conversely, oxygen concentration had a lesser impact on fungi; Aspergillus was the dominant genus in all samples. We also found that Enterococcus showed a positive correlation with aspartic acid, alanine, and 4-aminobutyric acid and a negative correlation with cysteine. Cigars cured at 15% oxygen concentration for 60 days exhibited optimal quality, particularly in terms of flavor richness and sweetness.

Discussion

These findings suggest that oxygen concentration can alter cigar quality by regulating aerobic and anaerobic microbial community succession. The relationship between specific microbial communities and flavor compounds also provides a theoretical reference for developing artificial control technologies in the cigar curing process.
Anatomical topology of extrahippocampal projections from dorsoventral CA pyramidal neurons in mice
Authors: Lee Junseop , Park Jeongrak , Jeong Minseok , Oh Seo-Jin , Yoon Jong-Hyuk , Oh Yong-Seok
Published: July 2024

The hippocampus primarily functions through a canonical trisynaptic circuit, comprised of dentate granule cells and CA1-CA3 pyramidal neurons (PNs), which exhibit significant heterogeneity along the dorsoventral axis. Among these, CA PNs are known to project beyond the hippocampus into various limbic areas, critically influencing cognitive and affective behaviors. Despite accumulating evidence of these extrahippocampal projections, the specific topological patterns—particularly variations among CA PN types and between their dorsal and ventral subpopulations within each type—remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we utilized cell type-specific Cre mice injected with fluorescent protein-expressing AAVs to label each CA PN type distinctly. This method further enabled the dual-fluorescence labeling of dorsal and ventral subpopulations using EGFP and tdTomato, respectively, allowing a comprehensive comparison of their axonal projections in an animal. Our findings demonstrate that CA1 PNs predominantly form unilateral projections to the frontal cortex (PFC), amygdala (Amy), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and lateral septum (LS), unlike CA2 and CA3 PNs making bilateral innervation to the LS only. Moreover, the innervation patterns especially within LS subfields differ according to the CA PN type and their location along the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus. This detailed topographical mapping provides the neuroanatomical basis of the underlying functional distinctions among CA PN types.
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez E. Cuauhtémoc , López Vasthi J.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The morbidity and mortality of acute ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy in newborns have not been dramatically modified over the last 20 years. The purpose of this review is to describe the use of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy (HBOT) in the management of acute ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy in newborns.

Methods

A review of the medical literature was conducted on the use of HBOT in the pathophysiology of this condition and its impact on outcomes of patients treated at an early stage.

Results

When HBOT is administered promptly, it can promote the survival of the penumbra, modulate the cytokine storm, modify inflammatory cascades, restore mitochondrial function, inhibit apoptosis, reinstate cellular communication and cytoskeleton function, reinstall the functioning of the kinase system, reduce cytotoxic and tissue edema, promote microcirculation, and provide an antioxidant effect. All these secondary mechanisms aid in saving, rescuing, and protecting the marginal tissue.

Conclusion

When used promptly, HBOT is a non-invasive adjunct treatment that can preserve the marginal tissue affected by ischemia, hypoxia, meet the metabolic needs of the penumbra, reduce inflammatory cascades, prevent the extension of the damaged tissue, and modulate ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Test-retest reliability of the “Home Town Walk” fMRI paradigm for memory activation and lateralization in the pre-surgical evaluation of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Sanchez Panchuelo Rosa M. , Flintham Robert , Wesolowski Roman , Jalali Roya , Herbert Jane , Samarasekera Shanika , Bagshaw Andrew P. , Chelvarajah Ramesh , Davies Nigel P. , Sawlani Vijay
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to assess language and memory function as part of pre-surgical decision making in refractory epilepsy. Although language paradigms are well established, memory paradigms are not widely used in clinical practice due to a lack of evidence for robust and reliable methods. Here, we aim to investigate the clinical utility of the Home Town Walk (HTW) paradigm for personalized treatment decisions in medial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Methods

A cohort of 123 consecutive patients having HTW-fMRI as part of routine MRI scans over a 7.5 year period were included in this retrospective study. Of these, 111 patients underwent repeated HTW-fMRI in two scanning sessions one to three days apart. fMRI analysis was performed at the time of the scans using clinically approved software and retrospectively validated using FSL. We assessed the test–retest within subject reliability of activations within the posterior parahippocampal gyri (pPHG) at the individual subject level.

Results and discussion

Activations within the pPHG region were observed for 101 patients (91%) in at least one of the fMRI sessions and for 88 patients (79%) in both fMRI sessions, with 82 patients showing overlapping unilateral or bilateral activations and 8 further patients showing overlapping activations in one of the hemispheres but not the other. Reproducibility was evaluated using metrics based on the concordance ratios for size (Rsize) and location (Roverlap) within the pPHG region, as well as the lateralization index (LI) metric to reflect the asymmetry of hemispheric activations, which is of crucial relevance to inform surgery. Test–retest reliability of visuospatial memory LIs, assessed by an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) yielded a value of 0.76, indicating excellent between session stability of memory lateralization.

Conclusion

The HTW-fMRI paradigm shows reproducible activations in the medial temporal lobes of individual epilepsy patients sufficient to consistently lateralize visuospatial memory function, demonstrating the clinical utility of HTW memory fMRI and its potential for application in the pre-surgical assessment of people with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Oculomotor differences in adults with and without probable developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Sumner Emma , Hill Elisabeth L.
Published: July 2024

Adults with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), sometimes referred to as dyspraxia, experience difficulties in motor development and coordination, which impacts on all aspects of their daily lives. Surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms underlying the difficulties they experience in the motor domain. In childhood DCD, aspects of oculomotor control have been shown to be altered. The purpose of this study was to determine whether oculomotor differences are present in adults with and without probable DCD. Visual fixation stability, smooth pursuit, and pro-and anti-saccade performance were assessed in 21 adults (mean age 29 years) with probable DCD/dyspraxia (pDCD) and 21 typically-developing (TD) adults (mean age 21 years). Eye tracking technology revealed that oculomotor response preparation in the pro- and anti-saccade tasks was comparable across groups, as was pursuit gain in the slower of the two smooth pursuit tasks. However, adults with pDCD made significantly more saccades away from the fixation target than those without DCD and significantly more anti-saccade errors. Further, compared to TD adults, adults with pDCD demonstrated difficulties in maintaining engagement and had lower pursuit gain in the faster pursuit task. This suggests that adults with pDCD have problems with saccadic inhibition and maintaining attention on a visual target. Since this pattern of results has also been reported in children with DCD, oculomotor difficulties may be persistent for those with DCD across the lifespan. An awareness of the impact of atypical oculomotor control in activities of daily living across the lifespan would support clearer understanding of the causes and impacts of these difficulties for those with DCD.
Hyperoxia exposure promotes endothelial–mesenchymal transition and inhibits regulatory T cell function in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Sun Yifan , Yan Chongbing , Liu Yibo , Lin Yating , Weng Bowen , Gong Xiaohui , Cai Cheng
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate the effects of hyperoxia exposure on TGF-β1-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and regulatory T cell (Treg)—mediated immunomodulation in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs), which could provide a theoretical basis for further studies of the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Methods

A BPD cell model was established by exposing HPMECs to hyperoxia. Flow cytometry was used to isolate CD4 + CD3 + CD25 + CD127- Tregs from the peripheral blood samples of preterm infants. HPMECs were divided into four groups based on whether they were exposed to hyperoxia and/or co-cultured with Tregs. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to test the expression levels of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Foxp3, IL-10, and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Results

The results showed that the expression levels of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in HPMECs increased at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of hyperoxia exposure. In the co-culture group of HPMECs and Tregs, Foxp3 and IL-10 expressions decreased at 48 h and 72 h of hyperoxia exposure. ROS expression increased in the hyperoxia group of HPMECs at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of hyperoxia exposure, which were higher than those in the hyperoxia group of HPMECs and Tregs.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that hyperoxia exposure promotes EndoMT in HMPECs and inhibits the immunosuppressive effect of Tregs. Despite this, Tregs still seem could protect HPMECs from oxidative stress injury.
Epididymal cysts in children: frequency, clinical characteristics, and management strategies
Authors: Cai Wei , Liu Chenchen , Xu Lei , Wu Qingtao , Kuang Tongshuai , Lin Xiaokun
Published: July 2024

Background

Epididymal cysts (ECs) are uncommon in the pediatric population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and management strategies of ECs in children.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of pediatric scrotal ultrasounds between January 2014 and August 2022 to identify children with ECs.

Results

One hundred and forty-three children boys were found to have ECs, with 95 being pre-pubertal and 48 post-pubertal. The age of the patients ranged from 1 day to 18 years, with a mean age of 10.64 ± 4.55 years. The size of the cysts varied from 2 mm to 35 mm. The most common comorbidities observed were hydrocele, testicular microlithiasis and varicocele. The majority of ECs were detected through routine physical examination. Conservative management was employed for all patients, except for one who required surgical excision. Resolution of ECs occurred in 12 patients, while a reduction in cyst size was observed in 6 cases. Conversely, 2 patients experienced an increase in cyst size, and 6 patients exhibited an increase in cyst number during the follow-up period.

Conclusion

Conservative management is the preferred approach for the majority of cases, with surgical intervention reserved for specific instances.
Geo-authentic Tibetan medicine: a traditional pharmacological resource for promoting human health and wellness
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhu Hongkang
Published: July 2024

Traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) is an ancient healing system that has been practiced for more than 2,000 years and involves the use of various medicinal plants for preventing and treating acute mountain sickness, depression, asthma, etc. Geo-authentic medicinal materials, also known as “Daodi herbs” in Chinese, have heightened efficacy and quality relative to their counterparts sourced from alternative geographic locales. In 2024, eight medicinal materials, typified by Cordyceps sinensis Sacc., were listed as geo-authentic Tibetan medicine under the administration of the local government. However, there is no comprehensive review on these geo-authentic TTMs, especially with respect to their pharmacological benefits to human health. This review aims to document the pharmacological properties, phytochemical components, safety, toxicity, and future developments of the geo-authentic TTMs that play essential roles in promoting health and wellness. Plant-derived molecules (i.e., polysaccharides, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, and alkaloids) in the TTMs show therapeutic potentials for the management of both mental and physical health. Finally, the applications and prospects of TTM plants are discussed to support the use of these species in folk medicine for human wellness and to promote public health in modern societies.