bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current State and Challenges of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites as Feeder in FDM-Based 3D Printing
Authors: Rajendran Royan Nishata Royan , Leong Jie Sheng , Chan Wai Nam , Tan Jie Ren , Shamsuddin Zainon Sharmila Binti
Published: July 2021

As one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, fused deposition modelling (FDM) shows great potential in printing natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRC). However, several challenges, such as low mechanical properties and difficulty in printing, need to be overcome. Therefore, the effort to improve the NFRC for use in AM has been accelerating in recent years. This review attempts to summarise the current approaches of using NFRC as a feeder for AM. The effects of fibre treatments, composite preparation methods and addition of compatibilizer agents were analysed and discussed. Additionally, current methods of producing feeders from NFRCs were reviewed and discussed. Mechanical property of printed part was also dependent on the printing parameters, and thus the effects of printing temperature, layer height, infill and raster angle were discussed, and the best parameters reported by other researchers were identified. Following that, an overview of the mechanical properties of these composites as reported by various researchers was provided. Next, the use of optimisation techniques for NFRCs was discussed and analysed. Lastly, the review provided a critical discussion on the overall topic, identified all research gaps present in the use of NFRC for AM processes, and to overcome future challenges.
Shrines and Pilgrimages in Poland as an Element of the “Geography” of Faith and Piety of the People of God in the Age of Vatican II (c. 1948–1998)
Authors: Mróz Franciszek
Published: July 2021

This research is aimed at learning about the origins and functions of shrines, and changes to the pilgrimage movement in Poland during the Vatican II era (c. 1948–1998). The objective required finding and determining the following: (1) factors in the establishment of shrines in Poland during this time; (2) factors in the development of shrines with reference to the transformation of religious worship and to the influence of political factors in Poland; (3) changes in pilgrimage traditions in Poland, and (4) changes in the number of pilgrimages to selected shrines. These changes were determined by archive and library research. Additionally, field studies were performed at more than 300 shrines, including observations and in-depth interviews with custodians. Descriptive–analytical, dynamic–comparative and cartographic presentation methods were used to analyze results.
A Novel Method for Refocusing Moving Ships in SAR Images via ISAR Technique
Authors: Jia Xinlin , Song Hongjun , He Wenjing
Published: July 2021

As an active microwave remote sensing device, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been widely used in the field of marine surveillance. However, moving ships appear defocused in SAR images, which seriously affects the classification and identification of ships. Considering the three-dimensional (3-D) rotational motions (roll, pitch, and yaw) of the navigating ship, a novel method for refocusing moving ships in SAR images based on inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) technique is proposed. First, a rectangular window is used to extract the defocused ship subimage. Next, the subimage is transformed into the ISAR equivalent echo domain, and the range migration and phase error caused by the identical movement of all ship scatterers are compensated. Then, the optimal imaging time can be selected by the maximum image contrast search method. Finally, the iterative adaptive approach (IAA) is used to obtain the image with high resolution. This method has satisfactory imaging performance in both azimuth resolution and image focus, and the amount of calculation is small due to the processing of subimages. Simulated data and Gaofen-3 real SAR data are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Improving the Stochastic Model of Ionospheric Delays for BDS Long-Range Real-Time Kinematic Positioning
Authors: Zhu Huizhong , Li Jun , Tang Longjiang , Ge Maorong , Xu Aigong
Published: July 2021

Although ionosphere-free (IF) combination is usually employed in long-range precise positioning, in order to employ the knowledge of the spatiotemporal ionospheric delays variations and avoid the difficulty in choosing the IF combinations in case of triple-frequency data processing, using uncombined observations with proper ionospheric constraints is more beneficial. Yet, determining the appropriate power spectral density (PSD) of ionospheric delays is one of the most important issues in the uncombined processing, as the empirical methods cannot consider the actual ionosphere activities. The ionospheric delays derived from actual dual-frequency phase observations contain not only the real-time ionospheric delays variations, but also the observation noise which could be much larger than ionospheric delays changes over a very short time interval, so that the statistics of the ionospheric delays cannot be retrieved properly. Fortunately, the ionospheric delays variations and the observation noise behave in different ways, i.e., can be represented by random-walk and white noise process, respectively, so that they can be separated statistically. In this paper, we proposed an approach to determine the PSD of ionospheric delays for each satellite in real-time by denoising the ionospheric delay observations. Based on the relationship between the PSD, observation noise and the ionospheric observations, several aspects impacting the PSD calculation are investigated numerically and the optimal values are suggested. The proposed approach with the suggested optimal parameters is applied to the processing of three long-range baselines of 103 km, 175 km and 200 km with triple-frequency BDS data in both static and kinematic mode. The improvement in the first ambiguity fixing time (FAFT), the positioning accuracy and the estimated ionospheric delays are analysed and compared with that using empirical PSD. The results show that the FAFT can be shortened by at least 8% compared with using a unique empirical PSD for all satellites although it is even fine-tuned according to the actual observations and improved by 34% compared with that using PSD derived from ionospheric delay observations without denoising. Finally, the positioning performance of BDS three-frequency observations shows that the averaged FAFT is 226 s and 270 s, and the positioning accuracies after ambiguity fixing are 1 cm, 1 cm and 3 cm in the East, North and Up directions for static and 3 cm, 3 cm and 6 cm for kinematic mode, respectively.
DSDet: A Lightweight Densely Connected Sparsely Activated Detector for Ship Target Detection in High-Resolution SAR Images
Authors: Sun Kun , Liang Yi , Ma Xiaorui , Huai Yuanyuan , Xing Mengdao
Published: July 2021

Traditional constant false alarm rate (CFAR) based ship target detection methods do not work well in complex conditions, such as multi-scale situations or inshore ship detection. With the development of deep learning techniques, methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been applied to solve such issues and have demonstrated good performance. However, compared with optical datasets, the number of samples in SAR datasets is much smaller, thus limiting the detection performance. Moreover, most state-of-the-art CNN-based ship target detectors that focus on the detection performance ignore the computation complexity. To solve these issues, this paper proposes a lightweight densely connected sparsely activated detector (DSDet) for ship target detection. First, a style embedded ship sample data augmentation network (SEA) is constructed to augment the dataset. Then, a lightweight backbone utilizing a densely connected sparsely activated network (DSNet) is constructed, which achieves a balance between the performance and the computation complexity. Furthermore, based on the proposed backbone, a low-cost one-stage anchor-free detector is presented. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed data augmentation approach can create hard SAR samples artificially. Moreover, utilizing the proposed data augmentation approach is shown to effectively improves the detection accuracy. Furthermore, the conducted experiments show that the proposed detector outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with the least parameters (0.7 M) and lowest computation complexity (3.7 GFLOPs).
Compact Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array Using Staircase Model of Tapered Dielectric-Inset Guide for Shipboard Marine Radar
Authors: Anim Kyei , Diawuo Henry Abu , Jung Young-Bae
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a new configuration of a slotted waveguide antenna (SWA) array aimed at the X-band within the desired band of 9.38~9.44 GHz for shipboard marine radars. The SWA array, which typically consists of a slotted waveguide, a polarizing filter, and a metal reflector, is widely employed in marine radar applications. Nonetheless, conventional slot array designs are weighty, mechanically complex, and geometrically large to obtain high performances, such as gain. These features of the conventional SWA are undesirable for the shipboard marine radar, where the antenna rotates at high angular speed for the beam scanning mechanism. The proposed SWA array herein reduces the conventional design’s size by 62% using a tapered dielectric-inset guide structure. It shows high gain performance (up to 30 dB) and obtains improvements in radiation efficiency (up to 80% in the numerical simulations) and weight due to the use of loss and low-density dielectric material.
Improving the Angular Velocity Measured with a Low-Cost Magnetic Rotary Encoder Attached to a Brushed DC Motor by Compensating Magnet and Hall-Effect Sensor Misalignments
Authors: Palacín Jordi , Martínez David
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes a method to improve the angular velocity measured by a low-cost magnetic rotary encoder attached to a brushed direct current (DC) motor. The low-cost magnetic rotary encoder used in brushed DC motors use to have a small magnetic ring attached to the rotational axis and one or more fixed Hall-effect sensors next to the magnet. Then, the Hall-effect sensors provide digital pulses with a duration and frequency proportional to the angular rotational velocity of the shaft of the encoder. The drawback of this mass produced rotary encoder is that any structural misalignment between the rotating magnetic field and the Hall-effect sensors produces asymmetric pulses that reduces the precision of the estimation of the angular velocity. The hypothesis of this paper is that the information provided by this low-cost magnetic rotary encoder can be processed and improved in order to obtain an accurate and precise estimation of the angular rotational velocity. The methodology proposed has been validated in four compact motorizations obtaining a reduction in the ripple of the estimation of the angular rotational velocity of: 4.93%, 59.43%, 76.49%, and 86.75%. This improvement has the advantage that it does not add time delays and does not increases the overall cost of the rotary encoder. These results showed the real dimension of this structural misalignment problem and the great improvement in precision that can be achieved.
Multi-Agent Based Optimal Operation of Hybrid Energy Sources Coupled with Demand Response Programs
Authors: Olorunfemi Tope Roseline , Nwulu Nnamdi I.
Published: July 2021

Electricity is an indispensable commodity on which both urban and rural regions heavily rely. Rural areas where the main grid cannot reach make use of distributed energy resources (DER), especially renewable energy sources (RES), in an islanded microgrid. Therefore, it is necessary to make sure there is a sufficient power supply to balance the demand and supply curve and meet people’s demands. The work done in this paper aims to minimize the daily operating cost of the hybrid microgrid while incorporating a demand response strategy built on an incentive-based demand response (IBDR) model. Three case studies were constructed and analyzed to derive the best, most reduced daily operational cost. This was achieved using the CPLEX solver embedded in algebraic modeling language in the Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modeling Systems (AIMMS) software with multi-agent system (MAS); the MAS was used to make sure that the developed intelligent-based agents work independently to achieve an optimal microgrid system. The sensitivity analysis employed established that case study 2 gave the most reduced daily operation cost (USD 119), which represents an 8% reduction in the daily operational cost from case study 1 and a 9% reduction from case study 3. Then, we achieved 17% and 25% reductions, as compared to specific other approaches.
Identifying symptoms associated with diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine and neuroendocrine neoplasms: a nested case-control study of the UK primary care population
Authors: Liao Weiqi , Clift Ashley K , Patone Martina , Coupland Carol , González-Izquierdo Arturo , Pereira Stephen P , Hippisley-Cox Julia
Published: July 2021

Background

Pancreatic cancer has the worst survival rate among all cancers. Almost 70% of patients in the UK were diagnosed at Stage IV.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the symptoms associated with the diagnoses of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN), and comparatively characterise the symptomatology between the two tumour types to inform earlier diagnosis.

Design and setting

A nested case-control study in primary care was conducted using data from the QResearch® database. Patients aged ≥25 years and diagnosed with PDAC or PNEN during 2000 to 2019 were included as cases. Up to 10 controls from the same general practice were matched with each case by age, sex, and calendar year using incidence density sampling.

Method

Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the 42 shortlisted symptoms and the diagnoses of PDAC and (or) PNEN in different timeframes relative to the index date, adjusting for patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and relevant comorbidities.

Results

A total of 23 640 patients were identified as diagnosed with PDAC and 596 with PNEN. Of the symptoms identified, 23 were significantly associated with PDAC, and nine symptoms with PNEN. The two alarm symptoms for both tumours were jaundice and gastrointestinal bleeding. The two newly identified symptoms for PDAC were thirst and dark urine. The risk of unintentional weight loss may be longer than 2 years before the diagnosis of PNEN.

Conclusion

PDAC and PNEN have overlapping symptom profiles. The QCancer® (pancreas) risk prediction model could be updated by including the newly identified symptoms and comorbidities, which could help GPs identify high-risk patients for timely investigation in primary care.
Editorial
Authors: Cardozo Rejas M. Sc. Laura Raquel
Published: July 2021

Presentamos a la comunidad científica el volumen 3, número 2, julio-diciembre 2021, de “PANEL - Revista de Administración y Economía”. Esta publicación es un espacio de reflexión sobre la importancia de contar con habilidades de gestión en instituciones públicas y privadas, de sectores industriales y comerciales. Las situaciones que aquí se presentan tratan problemas que afectan a empresas pequeñas, medianas y grandes, industrias y comunidades. Todos los problemas aquí analizados pueden ser superados con habilidades de gestión.
Gestión de mantenimiento en las gerencias de perforación y rehabilitación de la industria petrolera
Authors: Ladino Soto Jimmy John
Published: July 2021

El propósito de la investigación fue analizar la gestión de mantenimiento en las gerencias de perforación y rehabilitación de la industria petrolera. Metodológicamente tuvo alcance descriptivo, con diseño no experimental, de campo y transeccional. La población quedó conformada por las 4 gerencias de perforación y rehabilitación de la industria petrolera de Venezuela, región occidente. Se empleó la encuesta como técnica mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado por 36 ítems con escala dicotómica. Para alcanzar la validez de este fue sometido al juicio de 5 expertos y se utilizó el coeficiente estadístico Küder – Richardson para el cálculo de su confiabilidad, donde se obtuvo como valor de confiabilidad total del instrumento 0,94. Se concluye que estas gerencias ostentan buena gestión de mantenimiento. Situación que es producto del alto cumplimiento de las etapas del proceso y las estrategias de mantenimiento.
Aplicación del Método del Valor de Transacción de Mercancías
Authors: Sánchez Mamani Rubén
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del artículo fue determinar si los procesos de importación de mercancías a Bolivia cumplen lo exigido por el art. 5 de la Resolución 1684 de la CAN, para la aplicación del Método del Valor de Transacción de Mercancías (Método Principal). La metodología implicó: analizar la jurisprudencia y doctrina aduanera tributaria; aplicar una entrevista a profundidad a un  técnico de la Aduna Nacional y encuestas a 20 importadores con procesos de fiscalización abiertos. Como resultado se detectaron deficiencias en la selección del método, que limitan el cumplimiento de la Resolución. Como principales causas se identificó desconocimiento de la norma por parte de los técnicos de la Aduana Nacional que realizan actividades de fiscalización y de los importadores. Se propuso una Guía de Evaluación que identifica y describe los documentos  probatorios  necesarios  para  cumplir  la  normativa.  Socializar  el manual propuesto será de utilidad tanto para los importadores como para los técnicos aduaneros.
La planificación estratégica en el sistema de medición de gestión en la industria petrolera venezolana
Authors: Alvarado Yajaira , Chirinos Jelvis
Published: July 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los elementos de la planificación estratégica presentes en el sistema de medición de gestión en las gerencias de planificación y gestión de la industria petrolera venezolana en la región occidente. Por su alcance, se consideró una investigación descriptiva, con diseño no experimental, transeccional y de campo. La población la conformaron los gerentes y líderes de las gerencias de planificación y gestión. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó como técnica la encuesta, con un cuestionario de 28 ítems, validado mediante el juicio de expertos. La confiabilidad se calculó a través del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, cuyo resultado fue de 0,91. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la estadística descriptiva, a través del estudio de las medias aritméticas. Se concluyó alta presencia de los elementos de la planificación estratégica como un proceso fundamental que nutre de información el sistema de medición de gestión.
Gestión estratégica de operaciones en empresas mixtas
Authors: Arteaga Leonardo
Published: July 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la gestión estratégica de operaciones en las empresas mixtas de la industria petrolera venezolana. El estudio es descriptivo, con diseño no experimental, transeccional, y de campo. La población quedó conformada por las empresas mixtas de la industria petrolera venezolana en la Costa Sur del Lago-Trujillo. Los sujetos informantes fueron los gerentes generales, de operaciones de producción y de operaciones de mantenimiento. Se aplicó la encuesta, con un cuestionario de 57 ítems, validado mediante el juicio de expertos. La confiabilidad se calculó a través del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, obteniéndose 0,9321. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la estadística descriptiva, a través de las frecuencias y media aritmética. Se concluyó que estas empresas, ostentan excelente gestión estratégica de operaciones, a través del proceso de operaciones, capacidad del proceso de operaciones, proceso de gestión estratégica de operaciones y de las estrategias de operaciones.
THE EFFECT OF POLYDISPERSE CONCRETE SCRAP OF 3D PRINTING ON THE STRUCTURE FORMATION OF CONCRETE
Authors: Tolypina N. , Tolypin D.A.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the influence of polydisperse concrete scrap of 3D printing on the structure formation of concrete during its repeated application. It is established that the favorable effect on the strength is due to the presence of thin layers on the surface of the secondary fine aggregate in the form of hydrate phases that enhance adhesion to the forming cement matrix. At the same time, an important multifunctional role is played by a fine fraction consisting of a cement matrix with a small amount of pulverized clinker and quartz. It increases the volume of the binder part; performs the function of the centers of crystallization of hydrate phases; promotes the formation of a compact and homogeneous structure by filling the pores; increases the strength due to the hydration of the minerals alite and belite. It is shown that the minimization of the voidness of the fine-grained part of the concrete scrap is largely due to the polymodal grain composition, which contributes to the optimization of the structure of fine-grained concrete and increases the strength. The features of the microstructure of fine-grained concrete samples are established. Artificial conglomerate based on concrete scrap is characterized by a compact structure, due to the high adhesion of the fine aggregate to the cement matrix of concrete, filling the pores with hydrate phases and fine particles, in contrast to the samples of fine-grained concrete of the control composition, which structure is characterized by a weak contact zone between the aggregate and the cement matrix.
Impaired Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Dialysis Patients and in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kolb Thilo , Fischer Svenja , Müller Lisa , Lübke Nadine , Hillebrandt Jonas , Andrée Marcel , Schmitz Michael , Schmidt Claudia , Küçükköylü Seher , Koster Lynn , Kittel Margarethe , Weiland Lea , Dreyling Karl W. , Hetzel Gerd , Adams Ortwin , Schaal Heiner , Ivens Katrin , Rump Lars C. , Timm Jörg , Stegbauer Johannes
Published: July 2021

Key Points

Immune response to the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination is significantly reduced in patients with kidney failure compared with controls without kidney failure.

After two vaccinations, kidney transplant recipients show the lowest levels of IgGs specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, with the lowest neutralizing capacity.

These data suggest that vaccination strategies need modification in kidney transplant recipients and patients on dialysis.

Background

Patients with kidney failure on dialysis or after renal transplantation have a high risk for severe COVID-19 infection, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is the only expedient prophylaxis. Generally, immune responses are attenuated in patients with kidney failure, however, systematic analyses of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients on dialysis and in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are still needed.

Methods

In this prospective, multicentric cohort study, antibody responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 [BioNTech/Pfizer] or mRNA-1273 [Moderna]) were measured in 32 patients on dialysis and in 28 KTRs. SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies and neutralization capacity were evaluated and compared with controls (n=78) of a similar age range.

Results

After the first vaccination, SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies were nearly undetectable in patients with kidney failure. After the second vaccination, 93% of the controls and 88% of patients on dialysis but only 37% of KTRs developed SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG above cutoff. Moreover, mean IgG levels were significantly lower in KTRs (54±93 BAU/ml) compared with patients on dialysis (503±481 BAU/ml; P<0.01). Both KTRs and patients on dialysis had significantly lower IgG levels compared with controls (1992±2485 BAU/ml; P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). Importantly, compared with controls, neutralizing antibody titers were significantly lower in KTRs and patients on dialysis. After the second vaccination, 76% of KTRs did not show any neutralization capacity against SARS-CoV-2, suggesting impaired seroprotection.

Conclusions

Patients with kidney failure show a significantly weaker antibody response compared with controls. Most strikingly, only one out of four KTRs developed neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of vaccine. These data suggest that vaccination strategies need modification in KTRs and patients on dialysis.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: Vaccination Against COVID-19 in Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT04743947
Tres décadas de una revista de Historia: La Tercera Serie del Boletín del Instituto Ravignani, 1989-2020
Authors: Cattaruzza Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Este artículo está dedicado a analizar las reorientaciones y las permanencias registradas en las perspectivas, las áreas temáticas y los períodos asumidos en los trabajos publicados en la Tercera Serie del Boletín. Se ponen en relación estas tendencias con fenómenos ocurridos en el propio instituto, así como en la base universitaria y en la de investigación en la que está inserto. A su vez, los cambios impulsados por la indización y la edición virtual han sido tomados particularmente en cuenta. Se trata, entonces, de un intento de examen de ciertos ámbitos de la producción historiográfica argentina en tiempos recientes.
Prediksi Bencana Alam di Kota Semarang Menggunakan Algoritma Markov Chains
Authors: Hidayati Nurtriana , Pungkasanti Prind Triajeng , Wakhidah Nur
Published: July 2021

Bencana alam bukan merupakan hal baru di Indonesian khususnya kota semarang.  Data tersebut dapat di lihat pada Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD). Data bencana alam yang digunakan sebagai data penelitian diambil dari tahun 2013 hingga 2020 dengan jenis bencana alam berupa banjir, banjir rob, puting beliung, tanah longsor, rumah roboh, pohon tumbang dan kebakaran yang semuanya perlu kita waspadai dan ditanggulangi untuk memperkecil kerugian bagi masyarakat. Prediksi merupakan hal yang dipakai setiap kalangan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar hal yang mungkin terjadi dimasa yang akan datang. Markov Chains adalah metode untuk menghasilkan nilai kemungkinan terhadap sesuatu dengan perhitungan probabilitas. Markov chains disini melakukan prediksi dengan nilai matrik terhadap 7 bencana alam yang terjadi di kota Semang dengan  hasil prediksi di tahun 2020 adalah banjir 35 %, rob banjir 0%, tanah longsor 22%, puting beliung 3%, rumah roboh 2%, kebakaran  30% dan pohon tumbang 8%. Sedangkan di tahun 2021 prosentase prediksi banjir 22 %, rob banjir 3%, tanah longsor 22%, puting beliung 2%, rumah roboh 8%, kebakaran  33% dan pohon tumbang  9%.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Series of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Containing Cinnamic Acid Derivatives
Authors: SarveAhrabi Yasin , Zarrabi Ahrabi Nakisa , Souldozi Ali
Published: July 2021

Background: New drugs must be designed and synthesized for combating resistant pathogens. In this study, antibacterial and antifungal activities of 4 new derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole were assessed against 8 bacterial and 2 fungal pathogens. Methods: To this end, the cinnamic acid derivatives were dissolved in acetonitrile solvent and N-iso-ciano-imino-triphenyl-phosphorane was added to the above-mentioned solution, followed by applying Petroleum ether and Ethyl acetate as solvent and base. Then, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were used to determine inhibition zone diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values. Results: The chemical structure of all compounds was characterized with infrared spectra, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. A variety of inhibitory effects were observed by the synthesized compounds. Methoxyphenyl derivative (3c) affected bacterial strains, especially Streptococcus mutans. Other compounds also had antibacterial properties. Additionally, compound 3c showed the greatest effect on fungal samples, especially Aspergillus flavus. Conclusions: In general, our new derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole are able to destroy Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, developing new derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole in future research can improve therapeutic properties. It seems that with the addition of other functional groups and increasing the destructive power of compounds, inhibitory effects on fungal samples can also be observed.
Evaluation of Neospora caninum-Associated Abortion in a Seroepidemiological Study of Cattles Using IFAT Method
Authors: Bahavarnia Seyed Razi , Ahli Pedram , Rasouli Arash
Published: July 2021

Background: Neospora caninum is a cyst forming coccidian parasites and one of the important factors in abortion of cows and neurologic disease in dogs around the world. This study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of N. caninum in dairy cows of Tabriz city using immunofluorescence method and related risk factors. Methods: In this study conducted in 2018, 100 samples from industrial cattle farms and 100 samples from traditional cattle farms of Tabriz were randomly collected. By fixing tachyzoites cultured in a culture medium, the kit was prepared in this study and the slides were examined by fluorescence microscopy (Zeiss). The results obtained in relation to the study variables (type of farming system, age, contact with dogs, and abortion history) were analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square test. Results: Neospora caninum antibodies were detected in 33 samples (16.5%). The relationship of positive serums with abortion and contact with dogs was significant statistically (P<0.05). Conclusions: Due to the significant relationship of infection rate in cows with abortion history and contact with dogs, further studies are needed to determine the exact role of Neospora in abortion of cows.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Pars Cohort Study, Southern Iran
Authors: Hariri Sanam , Davari Sabereh , Malekzadeh Zeinab , Mohammadi Zahra , Masoudi Sahar , Gandomkar Abdullah , Amini-Kafiabad Sedigheh , Maghsoudloo Mahtab , Merat Shahin , Poustchi Hossein , Malekzadeh Fatemeh
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections rank among the most frequent infectious diseases with a rising worldwide burden. However, their epidemiology and risk factors are understudied in many regions, including Iran. METHODS This study was conducted as part of the Pars Cohort Study (PCS) in Valashahr district, Fars province (2012-2014). Participants received venipuncture for HBsAg and HCV antibody, followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing. All infected people and their comparison groups completed a risk assessment questionnaire. RESULTS Overall, 9,269 people participated in the study; the majority were women and of Fars ethnicity. Prevalence of HBsAg and HCV antibody was 2.3% (n = 215) and 0.3% (n = 26), from whom 23% (n = 47) and 13% (n = 3) had indications for treatment, respectively. During follow-up, among HBsAg-positive individuals who were not on treatment, 62% tested negative for HBsAg, and in 2% HBV DNA had risen to treatment levels. Risk factors for HBV infection were illiteracy [OR = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.1, 10.3], and Turk ethnicity compared to Fars [OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.3]. History of blood transfusion [OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.5] and history of drug use [OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.1, 7.4] were associated with HCV infection, after adjustment. CONCLUSION Further epidemiological studies are needed to identify at-risk populations in different regions. Preventive interventions, including educational programs and transfusion safety strategies, are crucial for reducing the hepatitis burden.
Registro das espécies de tubarões encontradas nas áreas de Unidades do Mosaico Juréia-Itátins e APA-CIP-SP (Área de Proteção Ambiental, Cananéia -Iguape-Peruíbe) pelo Projeto SOS Tubarões-IBIMM / Record of shark species discover in the areas of Mosaic Units Jureia-Itatins and APA-CIP-SP (Environmental Protection Area, Cananeia -Iguape-Peruíbe) by the SOS Tubarões-IBIMM Project
Authors: Lopes Edris Queiroz , De Freitas Seiti Moreira , Pássaros Victor Washington Andrade , De Souza Luna Vitória Mendes , De Melo Luana Félix
Published: July 2021

Os tubarões são animais vertebrados da classe dos Chondrichthyes, ou seja, ele é um peixe cartilaginoso, e da subclasse Elasmobranchii, habitam os mais diversos ambientes oceânicos, desde a costa a grandes profundidades e diferentes temperaturas. No presente trabalho foi descrito e  realizado a biometria de animais nenonatos, juvenis e adultos; sendo estes, 64 espécimes de tubarões capturados por pescadores enocntados em bancas de pescados do Portinho de Pesca de Peruibe e praias da região,  entre eles o destaque para alguns tubarões tigre ou tintureira, cação squalus, cação bruxa e 01 cação galhudo de 02 cabeças. O objetivo desse estudo é contribuir com o conhecimento da biologia e ecologia das espécies de tubarões encontrados nas unidades de conservação que fazem parte do Projeto SOS Tubarões do IBIMM (Instituto de Biologia Marinha e Meio Ambiente), afim de contribuir com a literatura disponível e subsidiar novos estudos.
“Detección de semillas de soja genéticamente modificadas, (Glycine max, L. Merril), resistente al glifosato, en muestras de semillas convencionales a través del bioensayo” / “Detection of genetically modified soybean seeds, (Glycine max, L. Merril), resistant to glyphosate, in conventional seed samples through bioassay”
Authors: Almada Luz , Hepp Liza
Published: July 2021

A nivel mundial los organismos genéticamente modificados (GM) resistente a glifosato corresponde a 41 millones de hectáreas. La presencia de semillas de soja GM en lotes de semillas convencionales se ha convertido en un problema creciente para los comercios internacionales de la soja. Reconociendo la importancia de nuevos mercados  y los productos modificados genéticamente, la tecnología tendrá que asegurar la pureza de las semillas, la genética de los productos derivados de la biotecnología a través de pruebas confiables prácticos. En este contexto, los objetivos del experimento fueron comprobar la eficacia de las pruebas de germinación con herbicidas, en diferentes sustratos (Bioensayos) para la detección de las mezclas de cultivos modificados genéticamente en muestras de las semillas convencionales. Se seleccionaran, 2 lotes de semilla convencionales, BRS 282, V1 Vmax, y un lote de semillas genéticamente modificadas V2 MUNASQA. De las semillas genéticamente modificadas se establecieron diferentes niveles, para la mezcla con las semillas convencionales, N1 0, N2 2%, N3 4%, N4 6%. Se establecieron un total de cuatro tratamientos, y los datos obtenidos fueron analizados por análisis de regresión con coeficiente de determinación. Teniendo en cuenta el estado fisiológico de las plántulas según la clasificación en normales, anormales y muertas.Se puede concluir entonces que las semillas genéticamente modificadas con resistencia al glifosato mostraron diferencias en su desenvolvimiento al someterse a los test de germinación con determinada dosis de glifosato. Indicando que de entre los cuatro test utilizados el mejor fue el método de preimbibición.
A Restauração Ecológica na RPPN Parque Florestal São Marcelo, Mogi-Guaçu – SP, 1999 – 2019 / Ecological Restoration in RPPN Park Forestry São Marcelo, Mogi-Guaçu - SP, 1999 - 2019
Authors: Barbosa Luiz Mauro , Shirasuna Regina Tomoko , Shirasuna Regina Tomoko , De Lima Fernando Cirilo , De Lima Fernando Cirilo , Diniz Miguel Magela , Diniz Miguel Magela , Mazzei Kátia , Mazzei Kátia , Bucci Luís Alberto , Bucci Luís Alberto
Published: July 2021

No final da década de 90, o Instituto de Botânica (IBt) desenvolveu estudos em 98 áreas reflorestadas com mais de 10 anos, entre elas áreas de mata ciliar pertencentes a International Paper (IPaper). Estes estudos revelaram que as áreas se encontravam em declínio ou totalmente degradadas, estando os insucessos relacionados à baixa diversidade de espécies utilizadas; à falta de manutenção nos primeiros anos de plantio; à falta de correção da fertilidade do solo; ao uso de espécies inadequadas, entre outros fatores, evidenciando a necessidade de estabelecimento de normas/procedimentos orientativos para a restauração florestal, no estado de São Paulo, principal objetivo deste trabalho. Hoje, as primeiras áreas reflorestadas com espécies arbóreas nativas pela IPaper estão com mais de 20 anos de idade, tendo sido plantadas aproximadamente 35 espécies de diferentes classes sucessionais. Estas áreas fizeram parte do estudo realizado pelo IBt e foi observada a necessidade de enriquecimento destes reflorestamentos com outras espécies arbóreas nativas, aumentando a diversidade florística. Como consequência, a recomposição da mata ciliar do rio Mogi-Guaçu, revegetada por meio de três formas de enriquecimento, deu início à parceria IBt-IPaper. Em 2002, foram reflorestados 439 ha que, somados aos remanescentes florestais, totalizaram 536 ha de áreas em processo de restauração, onde foram desenvolvidos trabalhos de avaliação e monitoramento de áreas em processo de restauração induzida, para indicar o potencial de comunidades implantadas de alcançar a sustentabilidade e o restabelecimento das relações ecológicas existentes nas florestas. Como resultado, foram publicados 31 artigos científicos, sendo 51,65% vegetação, 12,89% de fauna, 6,44% solos, 12,89% indicadores, 6,44% de técnicas de restauração e 9,69% outros. Este artigo revela a RPPN Parque Florestal São Marcelo em Mogi-Guaçu SP, como a Unidade de Conservação manejada com técnicas de restauração ecológica, mais documentada do Brasil no Bioma da Mata Atlântica.
SECURE SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORK MODEL INKVM VIRTUALIZATION ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Сахаров Д.В. , Красов А.В. , Ушаков И.А. , Орлов Г.А.
Published: July 2021

Рассматривается новая сетевая парадигма SDN (Software Defined Networks), в которой архитектура переходит от традиционной полностью распределенной модели к более централизованной. Данный подход характеризуется также раз делением плоскости данных и плоскости управления. Уровень управления сетью и уровень передачи данных разделяются, а функции управления сетью переносятся с маршрутизаторов и коммутаторов на программные приложения. Научная задача разработка защищенной модели SDN.

A new network paradigm SDN (Software Defined Networks), in which the network architecture moves from a traditional fully distributed model to a more centralizedone, is considered. This approach is also characterized by the separation of the data plane and the control plane. The network management layer and the data transfer layer are separated, and the network management functions are transferred from routers and switches to software applications. The scientific task is the development of a secure SDN model.
LIMITATION OF ITU RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ATTENUATION OF OPTICAL WAVELENGTHS IN RAIN
Authors: Милютин Е.Р.
Published: July 2021

Показано, что методика прогнозирования, содержащаяся в Рекомендациях МСЭ, справедлива только в части оптического диапазона.

It is shown that the forecasting methodology contained in ITU Recommendations is valid only in the part of the optical range.
A BAND ENHANCEMENT OF PATCH ANTENNAS BY THE DISTRIBUTED EXCITATIONS
Authors: Воскресенский Д.И. , Овчинникова Е.В. , Нгуен Д.То. , Кондратьева С.Г. , Шмачилин П.А.
Published: July 2021

Разработаны модели печатных излучателей. Показана возможность расширения рабочей полосы излучателя по характеристикам согласования с помощью распределенного возбуждения. Определены характеристики направленности и частотные характеристики печатных излучателей.

Models of patch antennas are developed. The possibility of extending the working band of patch antenna with the help of distributed excitation is shown. Directional characteristics and frequency characteristics of patch antennas are determined.
ADVANTAGES OF AMOOFDM SYSTEM OVER OTHERTECHNOLOGIES: A REVIEW
Authors: Язбек Х. , Беляев В.В. , Ткаченко И.М.
Published: July 2021

В настоящее время желание клиентов получить более высокую скорость доступа и снизить стоимость услуг за- ставляет операторов постоянно развивать свои сети. Кроме того, операторы вынуждены увеличивать размеры сетей доступа, чтобы обслужить как можно больше домохозяйств, охватить весь город, район крупного города или его окрестности в радиусе до 60 км. Также остаются актуальными проблемы ограниченного количества сервисов сети, недостаточной зоны покрытия и слишком высокой стоимости услуг для среднего абонента. Довольно много сетей все еще используют наземную беспроводную связь для организации каналов внутри или между городскими кварталами, но есть и операторы, которые используют технологию FTTH (оптоволокно до дома). В статье сравниваются производительность, пропускная способность и максимальный размер действующих сетей доступа и перспективных сетей, использующих адаптивно-модулированное оптическое ортогональное частотное мультиплексирование (AMOOFDM). Также показаны преимущества системы AMOOFDM, в которой в качестве модулятора интенсивности применяется полупроводниковый оптический усилитель.

Access networks are under constant development looking for customers satisfaction by enhancing the Internet service speed and the cost of the service. However, a significant percentage of these networks still using the terrestrial radio wave telecommunications to distribute the service inside or between city blocks, while others use the fiber to the home (FTTH). The article compares the performance of the currently operated access networks to the adaptively modulated optical orthogonal frequency multiplexing (AMOOFDM) based access networks, according to the bit-rate, and the distance reach of these networks. The advantages of the AMOOFDM system, in which a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is used as an intensity modulator, are shown.
PENGARUH LATIHAN FISIK TERSTRUKTUR TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTROL PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI RS GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM
Authors: Zannah Miftahul , Karo-karo Tati Murni , Yolanda Ida , Ginting Rosita , Sitepu Abdi Lestari
Published: July 2021

Hypertension and elevated cholesterol are two continuous conditions.  Cholesterol level in the body is one of the most important factors to determine a person's risk of suffering from heart artery disease.  Therefor it is necessary to provide Structured Physical Exercise in the form of regular exercise, in addition to reducing stress, it can also lose weight, burn more fat in the blood, and strengthen the heart muscle.  To be able to do light exercise, you don't need to come to a special training ground, because the best program is one that you enjoy and can take place regularly.  Methods: This study used a quantitative experimental method using post-test design with a control group (pretest-posttest with control group) with a sample size of 15 people.  Sampling was used with purposive sampling technique using the Isac and Mikael formulas, the study was used in April 2021. Results: From the research results found in the experimental group the p value was 0.000 ≤ 0.05 and in the control group the p value was 0.001 ≤ 0.05. So it can be concluded that the experimental group gives a better effect than the control group on hypertension patients at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital in 2021. Therefor it is hoped that nurses at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital can improve services in non-pharmacological fields, especially for hypertension patients who suffering from hypercholesterolemia which can be overcome by giving intervention in the form of structured physical exercise.
SOSIALISASI SEDIAAN KRIM EKSTRAK DAUN NANGKA (ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNE
Authors: Shufyani Fahma , Kartika Dewi , Sinurat Jhon Patar
Published: July 2021

Jackfruit leaf is (Artocarpus heterophyllus L) is one of the natural ingredients that can be used as a therapeutic treatment of acne. To facilitate is use the extract is made in the form of a cream. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of anti-acne cream jackfruit leaf extract against propionibacterium acne with concentrations of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%. Compounds that act as antibacterials on jackfruit leaves include flavonoids, tannins, saponins. This research method is an ANOVA one way method. The extraction method used is the maceration method. The tests include physical stability test and anti-acne activity test. Physical preparation stability test is carried out every 6 days for 3 weeks. While the anti acne activity observation test was carried out on bacteria of Propionibacterium acne. Based on organoleptic observation got formulations 1 and 2 there was no change, while 3,4,5 there was a change. Anti acne activity test showed that formulations 1 and 2 were more effective than formulations 3, 4, 5 with average inhibition zone of 9,5 mm.
PENYULUHAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DENGAN MEDIA VIDEO DAN LEAFLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP LANSIA TENTANG PENCEGAHAN COVID-19
Authors: Wulan Sri , Gurusinga Rahmad , Ginting  Munthe Novita Br , Lubis Basyariah , Markus Iskandar
Published: July 2021

Covid-19 merupakan salah satu jenis virus dan penyakit yang saat ini sedang mewabah atau pandemik, setiap harinya terjadi peningkatan jumlah kasus dengan cukup pesat penyakit ini juga sudah menyebar hampir diseluruh negara. Risiko kematian yang tinggi secara global terjadi pada kelompok lanjut usia (lansia) diatas 50 tahun. Hingga saat ini, virus corona telah menginfeksi lebih dari 100.000 juta penduduk dunia dan sekitar 4.000 orang di antaranya dinyatakan meninggal dunia. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penyuluhan protokol kesehatan dan menambah pengetahuan serta merubah sikap lansia tentang pencegahan covid-19. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan kuisioner tentang pencegahan covid-19. Dari hasil kegiatan yang dilakukan lansia sangat antusias menyambut kegiatan ini. Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan pengetahuan lansia dapat bertambah dan merubah sikap sehingga dapat memetahui protokol kesehatan pencegahan covid-19 dan dapat menurunkan kasus covid-19.
PENDAMPINGAN IBU HAMIL DALAM PENANGGULANGAN KEJADIAN KEK DI PUSKESMAS TINGGI RAJA
Authors: Siregar Annisa Febriana , Manurung Jelita , Ginting Wira Maria
Published: July 2021

Abstrak

Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) merupakan permasalahan yang sampai saat ini masih menjadi permasalahan di Indonesia. Banyak efek negatif yang akan terjadi apabila kondisi ini tidak diselesaikan seperti kesulitan dalam persalinan, pendarahan dan berpeluang kelahiran bayi dengan kondisi BBLR. Pendampingan ibu hamil selama masa kehamilan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menganggulangi resiko KEK dengan mendorong, memotivasi serta membangkitkan kesadaran akan potensi yang dimiliki dan berupaya untuk mengembangkan potensi itu menjadi tindakan nyata dalam pencegahan KEK. Pendampingan dilakukan di Puskesmas Tinggi Raja dengan pemberian penyuluhan dan pemberian kuisioner yang berisikan pemahaman ibu hamil tentang kehamilan dengan KEK. Hasil survei tersebut yang dilakukan pada 2 Februari 2021 diperoleh hasil dari 32 ibu, 5 diantaranya belum memahami dan 27 ibu sudah mengetahui kehamilan dengan KEK. Uraian data dan fakta yang ada  dengan metode pendampingan pada ibu hamil yang mengalami KEK dan keluarga dapat membantu ibu dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan meningkatkan status kesehatannya selama kehamilan serta mencegah resiko yang dapat terjadi pada ibu hamil dengan KEK. Kegiatan PKM ini dilakukan agar dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman ibu hamil mengenai KEK serta mencegah resiko yang terjadi akibat kekurangan energi kronik. Pelaksana kegiatan ini adalah tim Pengabdian Masyarakat Institut Kesehatan Medistra Prodi Gizi yang terdiri dari dosen yang berada di program studi gizi.

 

Kata Kunci: Pedampingan; Ibu Hamil, Kurang Energi Kronik