bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apelin and its ratio to lipid factors are associated with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Akbari Hamed , Hosseini-Bensenjan Mahnaz , Salahi Sarvenaz , Moazzen Fatemeh , Aria Hamid , Manafi Alireza , Hosseini Saeed , Niknam Maryam , Asadikaram Gholamreza
Published: August 2022

Background

The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain if the circulating levels of apelin, as an important regulator of the cardiovascular homeostasis, differ in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and controls.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify the studies addressing apelin in CVD up to April 5, 2021. Due to the presence of different units to measure the circulating levels of apelin across the included studies, they expressed the standardized mean difference (SMD) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) as summary effect size. A random-effects model comprising DerSimonian and Laird method was used to pool SMDs.

Results

Twenty-four articles (30 studies) comprised of 1793 cases and 1416 controls were included. Pooled results obtained through random-effects model indicated that apelin concentrations in the cases’ blood samples were significantly lower than those of the control groups (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI: -1.25, -0.18, P = 0.009; I2 = 97.3%, P<0.001). New combined biomarkers showed a significant decrease in SMD of apelin/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (apelin/HDL-C) ratio [-5.17; 95% CI, -8.72, -1.63, P = 0.000; I2 = 99.0%], apelin/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (apelin/LDL-C) ratio [-4.31; 95% CI, -6.08, -2.55, P = 0.000; I2 = 98.0%] and apelin/total cholesterol (apelin/TC) ratio [-17.30; 95% CI, -22.85, -11.76, P = 0.000; I2 = 99.1%]. However, no significant differences were found in the SMD of apelin/triacylglycerol (apelin/TG) ratio in cases with CVDs compared to the control group [-2.96; 95% CI, -7.41, 1.49, P = 0.000; I2 = 99.2%].

Conclusion

The association of apelin with CVDs is different based on the region and disease subtypes. These findings account for the possible usefulness of apelin as an additional biomarker in the diagnosis of CVD in diabetic patients and in the diagnosis of patients with CAD. Moreover, apelin/HDL-c, apelin/LDL-c, and apelin/TC ratios could be offered as diagnostic markers for CVD.
Risk factors in the assessment of suppliers
Authors: Urbaniak Maciej , Zimon Dominik , Madzik Peter , Šírová Eva
Published: August 2022

The need to evaluate suppliers from the perspective of risk analysis by purchasing companies is increasing. Such evaluation of suppliers is conducted primarily by production companies with implemented quality (QMS), environmental (EMS), health and safety management systems (H&SMS), as well as Toyota Production System (TPS). This article aims to examine latent factors for suppliers’ evaluation and to describe the intensity of these factors by the implemented management system. The article provides the results of empirical research conducted with the computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) technique in 151 medium and large manufacturing companies operating in Poland. The risk was classified into three main groups to deepen the research process: management system risks, environment risks, and process risks. This allowed for the formulation of some original conclusions. The results showed that companies implementing standardized management systems take the issue of risk analysis and management more seriously than organizations that do not implement such systems. The research also highlighted the differences in the perception of risk caused by implementing various management systems. The study also found that the industry and business profile specificity also affect the risk assessment in cooperation with suppliers.
Association of air pollution and 1-year clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Choi Se Yeon , Rha Seung-Woon , Cha Jinah , Byun Jae Kyeong , Choi Byoung Geol , Jeong Myung ho ,   on behalf of The Korea Acute Myocardial Infraction Registry study group
Published: August 2022

Background

Exposure to air pollution (AP) is an important environmental risk factor for increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and triggering acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there are limited data regarding the clinical impact of AP on long-term major clinical outcomes of AMI patients. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of ambient AP concentration on short-term and 1-year clinical outcomes of AMI patients.

Methods

A total of 46,263 eligible patients were enrolled in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction (KAMIR) and KAMIR-National Institutes of Health (NIH) registry from January 2006 to December 2015. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression to assess the risk of all-cause death and any-revascularization according to the annual average concentration of AP during one-year follow-up period.

Results

The assessment of the annual average of air pollutants before symptom date and all-cause death up to 30 days showed the hazard ratio (HR) of SO2 per 1 part per billion (ppb) increase was 1.084 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.016–1.157), and particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less (PM10) per 1 μg/m3 increase was 1.011 (95% CI: 1.002–1.021). The results of the 30-day and one-year all-cause death showed a similar trend. For SO2, the HR per 1 ppb increase was 1.084 (95% CI: 1.003–1.172), and the HR of PM10 was 1.021 (95% CI: 1.009–1.033) per 1 μg/m3 increase. We observed that SO2, CO, and PM10 were associated with an increased risk of incidence for any-revascularization up to one-year.

Conclusion

In some air pollutants, a higher AP concentration was an environmental risk factor for poor prognosis in AMI patients up to 1 year. AMI patients and high-risk individuals need a strategy to reduce or prevent exposure to high AP concentrations.
Prevalence of bacterial coinfection and patterns of antibiotics prescribing in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alshaikh Faisal Salman , Godman Brian , Sindi Oula Nawaf , Seaton R. Andrew , Kurdi Amanj
Published: August 2022

Background

Evidence around prevalence of bacterial coinfection and pattern of antibiotic use in COVID-19 is controversial although high prevalence rates of bacterial coinfection have been reported in previous similar global viral respiratory pandemics. Early data on the prevalence of antibiotic prescribing in COVID-19 indicates conflicting low and high prevalence of antibiotic prescribing which challenges antimicrobial stewardship programmes and increases risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Aim

To determine current prevalence of bacterial coinfection and antibiotic prescribing in COVID-19 patients.

Data source

OVID MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, Cochrane and MedRxiv between January 2020 and June 2021.

Study eligibility

English language studies of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients which reported (a) prevalence of bacterial coinfection and/or (b) prevalence of antibiotic prescribing with no restrictions to study designs or healthcare setting.

Participants

Adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with RT-PCR confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, regardless of study setting.

Methods

Systematic review and meta-analysis. Proportion (prevalence) data was pooled using random effects meta-analysis approach; and stratified based on region and study design.

Results

A total of 1058 studies were screened, of which 22, hospital-based studies were eligible, compromising 76,176 of COVID-19 patients. Pooled estimates for the prevalence of bacterial co-infection and antibiotic use were 5.62% (95% CI 2.26–10.31) and 61.77% (CI 50.95–70.90), respectively. Sub-group analysis by region demonstrated that bacterial co-infection was more prevalent in North American studies (7.89%, 95% CI 3.30–14.18).

Conclusion

Prevalence of bacterial coinfection in COVID-19 is low, yet prevalence of antibiotic prescribing is high, indicating the need for targeted COVID-19 antimicrobial stewardship initiatives to reduce the global threat of AMR.
Contribution of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MfsC transporter to protection against diamide and the regulation of its expression by the diamide responsive repressor DitR
Authors: Boonyakanog Angkana , Charoenlap Nisanart , Chattrakarn Sorayut , Vattanaviboon Paiboon , Mongkolsuk Skorn
Published: August 2022

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia contains an operon comprising mfsB and mfsC, which encode membrane transporters in the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). The results of the topological analysis predicted that both MfsB and MfsC possess 12 transmembrane helices with the N- and C-termini located inside the cells. The deletion of mfsC increased the susceptibility to diamide, a chemical oxidizing agent, but not to antibiotics and oxidative stress-generating substances relative to wild-type K279a. Moreover, no altered phenotype was observed against all tested substances for the ΔmfsB mutant. The results of the expression analysis revealed that the mfsBC expression was significantly induced by exposure to diamide. The diamide-induced gene expression was mediated by DitR, a TetR-type transcriptional regulator encoded by smlt0547. A constitutively high expression of mfsC in the ditR mutant indicated that DitR acts as a transcriptional repressor of mfsBC under physiological conditions. Purified DitR was bound to three sites spanning from position + 21 to -57, corresponding to the putative mfsBC promoter sequence, thereby interfering with the binding of RNA polymerase. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays illustrated that the treatment of purified DitR with diamide caused the release of DitR from the mfsBC promoter region, and the diamide sensing mechanism of DitR required two conserved cysteine residues, Cys92 and Cys127. This suggests that exposure to diamide can oxidize DitR through the oxidation of cysteine residues, leading to its release from the promoter, thus allowing mfsBC transcription. Overall, MfsC and DitR play a role in adaptive resistance against the diamide of S. maltophilia.
AquaDesign: A tool to assist aquaculture production design based on abiotic requirements of animal species
Authors: Butruille Grégoire , Thomas Marielle , Pasquet Alain , Amoussou Nellya , Toomey Lola , Rosenstein Axel , Chauchard Sandrine , Lecocq Thomas
Published: August 2022

Farming new species and promoting polyculture can enhance aquaculture sustainability. This implies to define the rearing conditions that meet the ecological requirements of a target species and/or to assess if different species can live in the same farming environment. However, there is a large number of rearing conditions and/or taxon combinations that can be considered. In order to minimise cumbersome and expensive empirical trials to explore all possibilities, we introduce a tool, AquaDesign. It is based on a R-script and package which help to determine farming conditions that are most likely suitable for species throughin silicoassessment. We estimate farming conditions potentially suitable for an aquatic organism by considering the species niche. We define the species n-dimensional niche hypervolume using a correlative approach in which the species niche is estimated by relating distribution data to environmental conditions. Required input datasets are mined from several public databases. The assistant tool allows users to highlight (i) abiotic conditions that are most likely suitable for species and (ii) combinations of species potentially able to live in the same abiotic environment. Moreover, it offers the possibility to assess if a particular set of abiotic conditions or a given farming location is potentially suitable for the monoculture or the polyculture of species of interest. Our tool provides useful pieces of information to develop freshwater aquacultures. Using the large amount of biogeographic and abiotic information available in public databases allows us to propose a pragmatic and operational tool even for species for which abiotic requirements are poorly or not available in literature such as currently non-produced species. Overall, we argue that the assistant tool can act as a stepping stone to promote new aquatic productions which are required to enhance aquaculture sustainability.
Process management of ergonomic workplace based on augmented reality principles
Authors: Holoči Jan , Chromjaková Felicita
Published: August 2022

Ergonomics is an important element of managing performance and productivity in a company. Nowadays, the ergonomic parameters are set in line with the implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept. The paper highlights the link between virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), when combined with the traditional ergonomic procedure.  Automation and digitization contribute to a significant extent to the creation of ergonomic workplaces and the elimination of the negative effects of non-ergonomic workplaces on people. The aim of the paper is to determine the essential elements of the system process approach to ergonomics management. This is achieved through an analysis of the current approaches from Industry 4.0 and a focus on the augmented reality approach. The backbone of the triple combination of "man-machine-environment" determines the ergonomic setting of work and the workplace. Subsequently, the presented case study examines the link between ergonomic workplace principles and data analytics for VR/AR technology. The scientific contribution of the paper lies in the discussion of the case study results, which is beneficial for the ergonomic design of workplaces.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PERSETUJUAN KREDIT NASABAH BANK DENGAN ALGORITMA KLASIFIKASI NAÏVE BAYES, DECISION TREE, DAN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Rahmawati Puji , Larasati Aisyah , Marsono Marsono
Published: August 2022

Kredit merupakan salah satu solusi bagi masyarakat untuk mendapatkan pinjaman dari bank dengan waktu pembayaran yang dilakukan secara berkala sesuai dengan ketentuan yang telah disetujui baik oleh bank maupun masyarakat itu sendiri sebagai calon nasabah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan klasifikasi data profil nasabah yang memiliki peluang untuk mengajukan kredit pinjaman atau tidak menggunakan data mining dengan bantuan tiga algoritma yaitu Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), dan melihat kriteria profil nasabah yang dihasilkan pada masing-masing hasil prediksi sebagai acuan bagi bank dalam penawaran kredit kepada nasabah. Evaluasi hasil ketiga algoritma yang digunakan dilakukan dengan melihat nilai gain ratio, confusion matrix, dan kurva Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) dengan melihat nilai Area Under Curve (AUC) yang dihasilkan. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa algoritma ANN menghasilkan nilai akurasi tertinggi dengan akurasi sebesar 99.61% dan AUC = 0.983. Disusul dengan decision tree menghasilkan nilai akurasi sebesar 99.36% dan AUC = 0.999. Terakhir, algoritma naïve bayes dengan nilai akurasi = 90.79% dan AUC sebesar 0.935. Karakteristik nasabah yang memiliki peluang untuk mengajukan kredit jika income rata-rata pada rentang 101-116 atau > 116 USD setiap bulannya, age = 23 - 43 tahun, family >4, memiliki CD Account, dan CC Average =3 – 9 USD. Terdapat tujuh faktor importance yang mempengaruhi hasil tiga algoritma tersebut yaitu income, mortgage, family, CD account, CC average, education, dan age.
PERANCANGAN STRATEGI PENINGKATAN KETERLIBATAN PELANGGAN DI MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Sari Hasrini , Arso Nofina Fatharani Lumembang , Setiaboedi Aditya Parama
Published: August 2022

Membangun kesadaran merek di benak konsumen merupakan langkah pertama yang dapat dilakukan oleh usaha baru untuk membangun citra yang baik di benak konsumen. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mewujudkan kesadaran merek adalah melalui penyebaran informasi secara elektronik (electronic Word-of-Mouth, e-WoM) di media sosial. Instagram merupakan media yang tepat untuk mengamati fenomena penyebaran e-WoM untuk menentukan variabel apa saja yang mendorong seseorang dalam memberikan pendapat mengenai suatu merek. Penelitian ini menggunakan delapan variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi seseorang untuk menyebarkan e-WOM. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen kuesioner yang disebarkan secara daring melalui Instagram. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa keinginan membantu orang lain dari kelompok orang yang pernah memberikan pendapat lebih tinggi daripada kelompok orang yang belum pernah memberikan pendapatnya. Analisis faktor digunakan untuk menentukan faktor yang akan dijadikan dasar rancangan strategi untuk memudahkan perumusan strategi pemasaran. Indikator dengan nilai tertinggi menggambarkan keinginan dari pelanggan untuk membantu pelanggan lain dengan cara membagikan pengalaman baik. Selanjutnya dilakukan perancangan post Instagram dengan konten edukatif interaktif. Konten tersebut diuji dengan menggunakan survei singkat dan pemetaan heatmap menggunakan eye tracker. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa rancangan post usulan membuat audiens lebih fokus untuk membaca konten dan meningkatkan intensi audiens untuk memberikan pendapat.
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTOR’S SAFETY SIGN: A REVIEW
Authors: Noor Zulfahmi , Bakri Ilham , Setiawan Irwan
Published: August 2022

One of the risks in the workplace today is the risk of ergonomic hazards, apart from the risks of hazards that often occur such as risks of physical hazards and risks of hazards from the work environment. If the risk of physical hazards and the risk of environmental hazards already have many safety signs that are widely accepted, this is not the case with the risk of ergonomic hazards that do not yet have a validated and widely used safety sign. More fundamentally, awareness of the risks of ergonomic hazards is not fully understood by both workers and employer institutions. The method used in reviewing this paper is to enter the keywords safety sign, safety sign design, and ergonomic risk factors on google scholar and science direct.
Cross-Cultural Reflections on Citizen’s and Mankind’s Moral Identity as a Foundation of Community with a Shared Future
Authors: Yang Shaogang
Published: August 2022

Citizens’ moral identity is not only reflected on the individual level, but also in terms of belongingness, community, and even cosmopolitanism. It is the basic demand of a community with a shared future in morality. Moral identity is closely related to moral behavior, and the study of moral identity can predict one’s moral behavior. Community is the cultural basis of citizens’ moral identity. To study citizens’ moral identity in the community can also enable one to predict people’s moral behavior in that community. At present, the construction of a community with a shared future still lacks a species moral identity generally recognized by all cultures and countries. In order to achieve that goal, we must strengthen cultural inclusion, advocate and practice species moral identity of a community with a shared future. Species moral identity is based on the existence of humankind as a species with autonomous identity, so it is necessary to establish the mechanism of cultural respect and equal discussion, and to strengthen the construction of the species moral identity. Only in that way can we accomplish the mission of establishing species moral identity. In the following paper, I will advocate for these ideas with Kant’s and Marx’ thoughts.
The Aesthetic Implications of Fichte on Feeling
Authors: Lohmann Petra
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the connection between art and emotion in Fichte’s work and its contemporary reception by the architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel. For the latter, not only selected architectural theoretical studies but also Schinkel’s ideal architectural designs are consulted. Schinkel knew Fichte personally and held him in high esteem. This is evidenced by some of Schinkel’s verbatim references to various forms of the Wissenschaftslehre and its sub-disciplines, as well as his extremely precise transcripts of lectures around the Berlin versions of the Wissenschaftslehre (around 1800). Schinkel was not only interested in the political and religious implications of Fichte’s theory of a cultural history of humankind, but his engagement with Fichte is also characterized above all by the theory of consciousness. This aspect plays a central role in the article. In recourse to the aesthetic emotion of the mind, a main concern of Fichte’s philosophy is to be placed in the horizon of architecture, which manifests itself in these questions: how does one convey a realisation in such a way that the recipient reconstructs it almost independently and it becomes a practical value for him as a criterion for his orientation in life? And furthermore – related to the research discourse on Fichte, which has only recently taken note of his aesthetic position and in particular his comments on architecture – how can this model of cognition be applied in his work from an architect’s point of view? In the investigation part on Fichte for this, first the feeling is reconstructed within the framework of the scientific-systematic philosophy as the reason of consciousness, in order to show with it the instance of the question relevant for Schinkel about the pedagogical effectiveness of a life-practical cultivating architecture. In the examination section on Schinkel, it is shown how Schinkel, in the horizon of Fichte, undertakes a determination of the relationship between feeling and ratio, with which he, for his part, establishes architecture as an instrument of cultivation.
The Topicality of Hegel’s Concept of “Bildung” for Our Liberal Society
Authors: Zovko Jure
Published: August 2022

In the following article, I will explain Hegel’s definition of modernity from the point of view of his understanding of “Bildung,” since this is a fundamental and newly relevant theme of Hegel’s philosophy nowadays. “Bildung” can be transliterated as education, but may also be interpreted as a general formative or developmental process, or cultivation (culture, respectively). With the term “Bildung” Hegel also refers to the formative self-development of the mind, its coming to individual as well as collective flourishing. The objective spirit manifests itself in the culture of humans. However, education in the sense of “Bildung” does not take place primarily through the transmission of information, values, norms, etc. by the teacher, but through “experience” [Erfahrung], which signifies the conflicting process by which a spiritual being discovers its own identity or self, while at the same time striving for self-consciousness, which is in the process of self-discovery. Through education, the human mind develops its capacity for understanding, reflection and judgment, and thus overcomes its natural intellectual, spiritual, normative, aesthetic, etc., poverty.
Eric Van Young, A Life Together: Lucas Alaman and Mexico, 1792-1853
Authors: Espinoza Meléndez Pedro
Published: August 2022

Reseña a: Eric Van Young, A Life Together: Lucas Alaman and Mexico, 1792-1853, Estados Unidos: Yale University Press, 2021.
Arturo Alvarado y Jesica Vega (coords.), León, de la Ciudad a la Metrópoli
Authors: Cordourier Real Carlos
Published: August 2022

Reseña a: Arturo Alvarado y Jesica Vega (coords.). León, de la Ciudad a la Metrópoli, México: Universidad de Guanajuato / Editorial Ítaca, 2021, 294 pp.
Genetic Risk Information Influences Risk-Taking Behavior
Authors: Wheat Ryan , Vess Matthew , Holte Patricia
Published: August 2022

Research indicates that people will behave in ways that are consistent with the genes they believe they possess. We examined this tendency in the context of risk-taking. We predicted that bogus genetic testing results indicating a propensity for risk-taking would cause participants to demonstrate riskier behavior. Participants submitted saliva tests and were randomly assigned to receive bogus genetic feedback indicating high propensity or low propensity for risk-taking. They then completed a standardized measure of risk-taking behavior. Results showed that those who received feedback indicating they were genetically disposed to risky behavior demonstrated higher risk-taking behavior than those who received feedback indicating that they were genetically disposed to risk aversion. These findings extend work on genetic feedback effects to a new domain and further reveal the ways that genetic feedback shapes behavior independent of one's actual genetic propensities.
Discrepancies in ozone levels and temporal variations between urban and rural North China Plain
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Xu Wanyun , Zhang Gen , Lin Weili , Zhao Huarong , Ren Sanxue , Zhou Guangsheng , Chen Jianmin , Xu Xiaobin
Published: August 2022

Effective emission reductions of some primary pollutants have brought down aerosol loadings but led to increasing relative importance of secondary pollutants, as was indicated by the rising O3 levels during warm seasons within urban and suburban areas of China, which has received much attention in recent years, especially in the North China Plain (NCP). This has raised serious concerns on its agricultural impacts, which were mainly evaluated based upon O3 model simulations or urban/suburban measurements due to a lack in long-term rural observations. In this study, we present highly valuable continuous O3 observations at a rural NCP site during 2013–2019. Compared to nearby urban/suburban sites, which experienced increased O3 levels, rural observations exhibited decreasing O3 mole fractions. While O3 mole fractions and AOT40 widely increased at urban/suburban NCP sites from 2013 to 2019, O3 observations in the rural NCP site (GC) revealed decreases, especially during summer and autumn with greater rates for AOT40. A reassessment of O3 agricultural impacts in the NCP region was performed using rural observations, resulting in wheat, maize and soybean averaged relative yield losses of 37 ± 14, 8 ± 4 and 30 ± 13% yr–1, respectively. O3 impacts on crop yields and resulting economic losses did not increase as was suggested by previous estimations based on urban/suburban O3 data. Our analyses indicated high overestimations (i.e., average relative differences in estimated crop production loss reaching 53%, 112% and 75%, respectively, for wheat, maize, and soybean). Despite alleviated O3 agricultural impacts, the total economic cost loss in Hebei province still took up 0.89% of the gross domestic production (3.47 × 1012 USD) in Hebei province. Since the China National Environmental Monitoring Center mainly aims at monitoring O3 levels in populated areas, observation sites representative of agricultural regions are lacking across China. The current study highlights the urgent necessity for the establishment of rural O3 observation networks and encourages extensive field experiments on exposure–response relationships of different crops varieties to O3 for more accurate agricultural impact evaluations. Additionally, explorations into the underlying mechanisms behind the reversed O3 temporal variation between rural and urban areas should be conducted for future development of pollution control strategies.
Reasoned Flights beyond Reason
Authors: Vliegenthart Dave
Published: August 2022

New religious movements in modern western culture often emphasize experience at the expense of reason; for that reason, some scholars have described their teachings as “flights from reason.” This description has been rightly criticized. Nevertheless, it is not entirely wrong. Many founders of new religious movements do claim immediate insight into a (divine) reality that transcends the intellect. And yet, they and their followers often spend much of their lives building an intellectual frame around this anti-intellectual claim. Why did such paradoxical “reasoned flights beyond reason” emerge? Based on the life and teachings of Franklin Merrell-Wolff (1887–1985) and his Assembly of Man, the intellectualization of anti-intellectual claims by founders and followers of new religious movements in twentieth-century North America can be partly explained by three sociohistorical developments: (1) increasing access to an academic education, (2) increasing demand for a reflexive spirituality, and (3) increasing competition between eastern and western esoteric movements that answered this call for a reflexive spirituality.
Regulation of mitochondrial proteostasis by the proton gradient
Authors: Patron Maria , Tarasenko Daryna , Nolte Hendrik , Kroczek Lara , Ghosh Mausumi , Ohba Yohsuke , Lasarzewski Yvonne , Ahmadi Zeinab Alsadat , Cabrera‐Orefice Alfredo , Eyiama Akinori , Kellermann Tim , Rugarli Elena I , Brandt Ulrich , Meinecke Michael , Langer Thomas
Published: August 2022

Mitochondria adapt to different energetic demands reshaping their proteome. Mitochondrial proteases are emerging as key regulators of these adaptive processes. Here, we use a multiproteomic approach to demonstrate the regulation of the m‐AAA protease AFG3L2 by the mitochondrial proton gradient, coupling mitochondrial protein turnover to the energetic status of mitochondria. We identify TMBIM5 (previously also known as GHITM or MICS1) as a Ca2+/H+ exchanger in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which binds to and inhibits the m‐AAA protease. TMBIM5 ensures cell survival and respiration, allowing Ca2+ efflux from mitochondria and limiting mitochondrial hyperpolarization. Persistent hyperpolarization, however, triggers degradation of TMBIM5 and activation of the m‐AAA protease. The m‐AAA protease broadly remodels the mitochondrial proteome and mediates the proteolytic breakdown of respiratory complex I to confine ROS production and oxidative damage in hyperpolarized mitochondria. TMBIM5 thus integrates mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and the energetic status of mitochondria with protein turnover rates to reshape the mitochondrial proteome and adjust the cellular metabolism.
Lysosomal K+ channel TMEM175 promotes apoptosis and aggravates symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Qu Lili , Lin Bingqian , Zeng Wenping , Fan Chunhong , Wu Haotian , Ge Yushu , Li Qianqian , Li Canjun , Wei Yanan , Xin Jing , Wang Xingbing , Liu Dan , Cang Chunlei
Published: August 2022

Lysosomes are degradative organelles and play vital roles in a variety of cellular processes. Ion channels on the lysosomal membrane are key regulators of lysosomal function. TMEM175 has been identified as a lysosomal potassium channel, but its modulation and physiological functions remain unclear. Here, we show that the apoptotic regulator Bcl‐2 binds to and inhibits TMEM175 activity. Accordingly, Bcl‐2 inhibitors activate the channel in a caspase‐independent way. Increased TMEM175 function inhibits mitophagy, disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, and increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS further activates TMEM175 and thus forms a positive feedback loop to augment apoptosis. In a 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD), knockout (KO) of TMEM175 mitigated motor impairment and dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss, suggesting that TMEM175‐mediated apoptosis plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Overall, our study reveals that TMEM175 is an important regulatory site in the apoptotic signaling pathway and a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease (PD).
Hypertriglyceridemia in Preterm Infants
Authors: Chan Alvin P. , Robinson Daniel T. , Calkins Kara L.
Published: August 2022

Preterm and critically ill infants are at risk for hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Common risk factors for HTG include prematurity, intravenous lipid emulsion dose and oil composition, reduced lipoprotein lipase activity, fetal growth restriction, sepsis, and renal failure. Despite these risk factors, clinicians lack a universally agreed upon definition for HTG and evidence-based approach to HTG management. This review provides a detailed overview of triglyceride and intravenous lipid emulsion metabolism and how this relates to specific HTG risk factors, along with some practical considerations for managing HTG in the neonatal population.
Postdischarge Nutrition in Preterm Infants
Authors: Lucas Alan , Sherman Jan , Fewtrell Mary
Published: August 2022

The field of postdischarge nutrition for preterm infants arose when concerns that using diets suitable for term infants—breastfeeding without fortification or standard formulas—might not meet the postdischarge nutritional needs of infants born preterm, who often exhibited growth restriction and evidence of undernutrition. A decade ago, there were already 27 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nutritional supplementation from which an eligible subsample of trials have provided evidence on whether nutritional fortification of human milk or nutrient-enriched formula favorably affects postdischarge growth in these infants. These RCTs also allowed exploration of the quality of growth, bone mineralization, and the ad libitum–fed infant’s own regulation of milk volume and nutrient intake. Importantly, such RCTs, augmented by observational data on the links between growth and neurodevelopment, have allowed exploration of the potential impact of postdischarge nutrition on neurocognitive function. However, the interpretation of published data and the implication for practice has proven difficult and contentious. In this review, we examine, and to an extent reanalyze, existing evidence to elucidate its strengths and limitations, with the goal of adding more clarity to the ways in which this sizeable body of clinical scientific research may have a positive impact on the postdischarge nutritional approach to infants born preterm.
Social Determinants of Health and At-Risk Rates for Pediatric Asthma Morbidity
Authors: Tyris Jordan , Gourishankar Anand , Ward Maranda C. , Kachroo Nikita , Teach Stephen J. , Parikh Kavita
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Compared with population-based rates, at-risk rates (ARRs) account for underlying variations of asthma prevalence. When applied with geospatial analysis, ARRs may facilitate more accurate evaluations of the contribution of place-based social determinants of health (SDOH) to pediatric asthma morbidity. Our objectives were to calculate ARRs for pediatric asthma-related emergency department (ED) encounters and hospitalizations by census-tract in Washington, the District of Columbia (DC) and evaluate their associations with SDOH.

METHODS

This population-based, cross-sectional study identified children with asthma, 2 to 17 years old, living in DC, and included in the DC Pediatric Asthma Registry from January 2018 to December 2019. ED encounter and hospitalization ARRs (outcomes) were calculated for each DC census-tract. Five census-tract variables (exposures) were selected by using the Healthy People 2030 SDOH framework: educational attainment, vacant housing, violent crime, limited English proficiency, and families living in poverty.

RESULTS

During the study period, 4321 children had 7515 ED encounters; 1182 children had 1588 hospitalizations. ARRs varied 10-fold across census-tracts for both ED encounters (64–728 per 1000 children with asthma) and hospitalizations (20–240 per 1000 children with asthma). In adjusted analyses, decreased educational attainment was significantly associated with ARRs for ED encounters (estimate 12.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.4 to 15.8, P <.001) and hospitalizations (estimate 1.2, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.2, P = .016). Violent crime was significantly associated with ARRs for ED encounters (estimate 35.3, 95% CI 10.2 to 60.4, P = .006).

CONCLUSION

Place-based interventions addressing SDOH may be an opportunity to reduce asthma morbidity among children with asthma.
Die Folgen der Teilung Schleswigs – 1920/Følgerne af Slesvigs deling – 1920
Authors: Dioum Bettina , Göllnitz Martin , Weber Caroline E. , Rathjen Jörg , Witte Jørgen , Andersen Morten , Nørr Erik , Jessen Carl Christian , Becker-Christensen Henrik , Hansen Nielsen Leif
Published: August 2022

Die Teilung Schleswigs nach Volksabstimmungen im Jahre 1920 hatte langfristige Folgen nördlich und südlich der neuen Grenze. Viele wurden durch Agitation und Abstimmung tief beeindruckt, sogar die Archive des Gebiets mussten geteilt werden. Nordschleswig wurde als ein Teil des Königreichs Dänemarks einverleibt. Diese wurde von einem nordschleswigschen Ministerium vorbereitet und kam bei der Konstruktion der Grenze sowie in Schule und Kirche zum Ausdruck. Die deutsche Minderheit widersetzte sich der Integration und während der Krisenjahre entstanden extreme politische Bewegungen. Diese Folgen werden in diesem Buch thematisiert, das ein Ergebnis einer deutsch-dänischen Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Landesarchiv Schleswig-Holstein und dem Rigsarkivet Aabenraa mit dem Studienzentrum für die Geschichte Schleswigs ist.
Beneficiar aos mortos, cultivar a compaixão e lidar com o luto
Authors: Donadon Felipe , Sawaya Maximiliano Augusto
Published: August 2022

Nesse artigo propomos a análise de um dos eventos presentes no Sutra de Kṣitigarbha (Ārya-bodhisattva-kṣitigarbha-pūrva-praṇidhāna-sūtra), que narra sobre uma das vidas do contínuo do desperto (bodhisattva) na qual suas aspirações iniciais de beneficiar todos os seres a superarem os renascimentos miseráveis são fortalecidas. Essa análise ocorrerá sob a perspectiva do desenvolvimento da compaixão (karuṇā) como explicado por Tsongkhapa no Grande Tratado do Caminho Gradual da Iluminação (Lamrim Chenmo). Buscaremos assim entender como esse sutra devocional busca estimular o desenvolvimento dessa virtude através de uma narrativa alegórica sobre ações aflitivas, seus resultados nos renascimentos dos seres e práticas que visam beneficiar aqueles que faleceram. Com isso, refletiremos sobre como esse estímulo ao cultivo da compaixão (karuṇā) pode auxiliar o praticante a lidar com o luto.
Servas do Deus branco: contribuições psicanalíticas para compreensão do sofrimento emocional de mulheres negras de uma congregação da Assembleia de Deus
Authors: Monteiro Alef
Published: August 2022

O artigo é um ensaio psicanalítico que sintetiza parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em uma congregação da Assembleia de Deus em Castanhal, Pará, Brasil. O objetivo é elucidar alguns aspectos concernentes ao racismo no ideal de Ego e Superego das participantes da pesquisa, bem como alguns de seus efeitos na salubridade mental das mesmas. Os dados reunidos foram gerados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante. Os resultados evidenciam a presença de um ideal de Ego e Superego alicerçados na imagem do Deus branco. Conclui-se que, na situação em questão, as mulheres negras possuem uma experiência religiosa ambivalente, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que o trauma racial é reforçado, a religião oferece canais de desvio da descarga emocional.
Oderisia Knechtle (1900-1978): a pioneer for a holistic approach in religious education
Authors: Jakobs Monika
Published: August 2022

Sr. Oderisia Knechtle developed the symbolic approach to religious education while working with disadvantaged and disabled children in Germany from 1925 onwards. Her fame spread from the 1960s, after members of the swiss Grenchener Kreis, who were engaged in the renewal of religious teaching, encouraged her to return to her home country Switzerland and dedicate her activities to courses for catechists and teachers. Didactically innovative and theologically conservative, and not part of the academic establishment she got little academic reception, not even through the revival of the symbolic approach in religious education since the 1980s which now has become part of the mainstream.
PLANO NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO (2014-2024): PRIMAZIA DO CONTROLE EXTERNO VIA TCU E (IN)VIABILIZAÇÃO DO CONTROLE SOCIAL
Authors: Oliveira Marli dos Santos de , Scaff Elisângela Alves da Silva
Published: August 2022

O texto discute o monitoramento e a avaliação do Plano Nacional de Educação (2014-2024), tendo como cerne a concepção de participação e controle social subjacente à sua lógica de formulação, no contexto das Conferências de Educação. Apresenta dados relativos ao Controle Externo exercido pelo Tribunal de Contas da União, cujas indicações nos Relatórios de Acompanhamento evidenciam demasiadas fragilidades no âmbito de atuação da União, sobretudo no que concerne as relações federativas em geral e, em particular, na materialização dos planos decenais de educação, haja vista os ataques à democracia e as instâncias de controle social.
Review of Lucas Hnath’s A Doll’s House, Part 2
Authors: Blackwell-Pal Jaswinder
Published: August 2022

A review of Lucas Hnath’s A Doll’s House, Part 2 at the Donmar Warehouse (10 June–6 August 2022).
Spray-Dried Microcapsules of Cheese Whey and Whey Permeate as a Strategy to Protect Chia Oil from Oxidative Degradation
Authors: Dahlem Júnior Marcos Aurélio , Dall Agnol Wendell , Neitzke Natália , dos Santos Adriani Cristina Felipe , Mendonça Esquerdo Vanessa , Lehn Daniel Neutzling , Pinto Luiz Antonio de Almeida , de Souza Claucia Fernanda Volken
Published: August 2022

Research background. Cheese whey and whey permeate are dairy industry by-products usually sent to effluent treatment or incorrectly disposed in the environment, generating costs for the production of dairy products and environmental problems due to the high organic load. Cheese whey and whey permeate can be reused as wall materials to form chia oil microcapsules, which act as a barrier to prooxidants. This study aims to develop an encapsulation method by spray-drying to protect chia oil using dairy by-products as wall materials.
Experimental approach. We evaluated cheese whey, whey permeate and mixtures of m(cheese whey):m(whey permeate)=50, 70 and 80 % as encapsulating agents with the spray-drying process. Initially, we characterized the chia oil and encapsulating materials. Chia oil emulsions were prepared using the encapsulating materials and an emulsifier. The stability of the emulsions was evaluated by creaming index, and they were characterized according to size distribution and polydispersity index. Emulsions were encapsulated in a spray dryer with inlet and outlet air temperature at 125 and 105 °C, respectively. After encapsulation, we assessed the oxidative degradation of chia oil over 30 days of storage by determining the peroxide index.
Results and conclusions. Emulsions presented creaming index between 51 and 83 % in all formulations, and the oxidative stability of microencapsulated chia oil was significantly higher than that of free chia oil after 30 days. Wall material combination affected both encapsulation efficiency and oxidation protection. The cheese whey and whey permeate (8:2) mixture exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency (70.07 %) and ability to protect the chia seed oil. After 30 days, the peroxide value was below the maximum limit considered safe for human consumption.
Novelty and scientific contribution. According to these results, dairy by-products can be
used for encapsulation of oxidation-sensitive oils. This represents an alternative use for
dairy by-products, which otherwise are discarded and can impact the environment due to their high organic load. Our findings suggest that dairy by-products can be effectively used as wall materials to generate value-added products.
Interpersonal Friendship: A Prerequisite to Mystical Contemplation, according to St. Teresa of Avila
Authors: Fernandez Francis , Francis Joy
Published: August 2022

Teresa of Avila, a 16th-century Carmelite nun known as a teacher of the mystical life, proposed interpersonal friendship as one of the prerequisites for the life of prayer. She envisaged prayer as an interpersonal relationship with the triune God and considered interpersonal friendship among the aspirants of prayer as essential. For her, prayer was the practical fruit of the sisterly relationship lived in the community. With mystical contemplation as destination, an attempt is made to bring out the nuances of Teresa's thoughts on the need for friendship for prayer, the right form of love, and the atmosphere required to nurture such love.
Contextualization of Christian Theological Formation in Ghana: Nature, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Sarbah Cosmas E.
Published: August 2022

Like in many African countries, Christians in Ghana bought into the concept of the contextualization of Christian theological formation - decades ago. Contextualization is generally accepted as teaching essential Christian disciplines with an active engagement of the religious and cultural environment, and the introduction of non-traditional disciplines such as the African indigenous religions and Islam curriculum of the theological institutes. Through one-on-one interviews with a cross-section of students and lecturers (formators) from both public and private theological institutions in Ghana, the author concludes that the process of the contextualization of disciplines still has a long way to go. This essay argues that, though the contextualization project is bedeviled by some challenges such as strong reservations about contextual-ization, the need to bow to the universal denominational agenda, and the difficulty of synchronizing theological objectives with proper teaching and learning methodologies, contextualization is essential for effective evangelization and promotion of interreligious dialogue in Ghana.
From measuring impact to informing course design: The second design trial of the Maths Intensive course
Authors: Roberts Nicky , Maseko Jerry
Published: August 2022

This paper describes the changes made to the administration of assessments in the second design trial of the Maths Intensive course at a comprehensive university in South Africa because of Covid-19. The course was designed in direct response to poor attainment in the Primary Teacher Education project's mathematics test. Building on positive findings of improved attainment evident in the first design cycle, the Maths Intensive course was further refined for a second cohort of students, and shifts in attainment were once again analysed. The Covid-19 lockdown meant that student could not write the post-test on campus. As a result, the post-test data were not used to measure impact but, instead, were used to establish what the student teachers knew and were able to do at the end of the course. The Maths Intensive test framework mapped the test items to the learning outcomes for the course. Facility scores revealed areas where students were capable and areas where they still required support. The assumption that students would use calculators in un-invigilated circumstances was challenged, and requires further research. These findings may be of interest to lecturers and teachers seeking to develop assessment reports that provide useable information to improve their instructional design and teaching practice. They may also be of interest to academics and training providers designing mathematics education programmes for initial teacher education or for ongoing professional development courses for teachers in primary schools.