bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reformar las costumbres. Pablo de Olavide y su modelo de ocio para las Nuevas Poblaciones de Sierra Morena y Andalucía (1767‑1776)
Authors: Pérez Fernández Francisco José , Hamer Flores Adolfo
Published: January 2021

La controvertida trayectoria biográfica de Pablo de Olavide es bien conocida gracias a varios trabajos de investigación que han analizado gran parte de su vida y sus acciones. Su afán reformista, influenciado por las ideas y corrientes de la Ilustración, acabó en una sentencia inquisitorial condenatoria, pero, afortunadamente, este proceso nos permite conocer su particular modo de entender la religión y las actividades de ocio. Estas últimas han sido analizadas en conjunto y, sobre todo, centrándose en lo ocurrido en la ciudad de Sevilla, habiendo dejado en segundo plano lo que sucedió en esas nuevas colonias que se crearon bajo sus órdenes en Sierra Morena y Andalucía a partir de 1767. De ahí que el objetivo de este trabajo sea el de realizar una aproximación al modelo de ocio que Olavide trató de implantar en esas poblaciones, así como al rechazo o resistencia que este generó en el clero y las clases populares.
A lojalitásprogramok menedzselése (Managing of loyalty programs)
Authors: Gyulavári Tamás
Published: January 2021

A lojalitásprogramok egyre népszerűbbek hazánkban is, ahogy a növekedési lehetőségek bezárultak, és a menedzserek figyelme a vevők és a piaci pozíciók megtartása felé fordult. A közelmúltban azonban számos nemzetközi példa mutatja, hogy egy ilyen program lehet sikertelen is, amely veszteséget termel, így vagy kivezetésre kényszerül, vagy a vállalat kénytelen átszabni. Tudatos tervezés és reális üzleti modell nélkül tehát nem feltétlenül térül meg az akár milliárdos nagyságrendű befektetés. Jelen cikk során a szerző kísérletet tett arra, hogy összegyűjtse azokat a döntési pontokat, amelyek hatással lehetnek a programok sikerére, és bemutassa a lehetséges választási alternatívák előnyeit, hátrányait. Konklúzióként három olyan elvet emelt ki, amelyek meghatározóak lehetnek. Eszerint a programoknak a vállalati stratégiába és folyamatokba történő integrációja, a megfelelő megtérülési indikátorok felállítása és azok szisztematikus nyomon követése, valamint a program megkülönböztető, többnyire emocionális és élményszerű jellege, amely kiemelkedő szerepet játszhat az eredményesség szempontjából. _____ As the opportunity of market growth seemed to be limited and managers started to pay more attention to customer retention and market defence, loyalty programs became more and more popular marketing tool in Hungary. Many international cases proved, however, that the implementation of this activity can also lead to failure realizing considerable losses and by necessity companies can end up or reposition the program. Without a deliberate design and realistic business model it is not easy to guarantee the return of investment that can be even billion in size. In the current article the author attempts to collect all the relevant issues that can have effect on the success of loyalty programs and determine the consequences of potential options. As a conclusion, the author emphasized three critical principles. The integration of loyalty programs into the company’s strategy and processes, the appropriate measure of returns with systematic tracking and the unique, mostly emotional and entertaining characteristics of the program can be crucial.
Modern system approach to the diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation of mental disorders
Authors: Mitikhin Vyacheslav , Solokhina Tatyana , Tiumenkova Galina
Published: January 2021

Introduction The current stage of research on mental disorders is associated with the use of system approaches to the development of the scientific foundations of psychiatric care.

Objectives Approach to solving problems that arise in the diagnosis of psychopathological conditions, assessing their severity, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation.

Methods Clinical, psychometric, system analysis methods and algorithms of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) [1] were used.

Results When assessing a patient's condition and behavior, it is necessary to make decisions (diagnosis, development of treatment and rehabilitation plans) based on heterogeneous information (genetic, neuronal and environmental, involving individual characteristics, as well as family and social context). This information is hierarchically organized and includes quantitative and qualitative data.

Exposure at each of these different levels can affect the onset and course of the disease, and therefore should be considered in primary prevention and subsequent psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation of patients.

Analysis of the problems of assessing psychopathological states and related psychosocial problems shows that these problems can be presented in the form of appropriate hierarchies, the structure of which must be taken into account when processing the initial information. The main advantages of the AHP include the use of the relationship scale (fundamental scale) for processing heterogeneous data based on expert, clinical information.

Conclusions The approach provides correct integration of heterogeneous characteristics when considering diagnostic procedures, psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation.1. Mitikhin V.G., Solokhina T.A. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2019, 2: 49-54. doi:10.17116/jnevro201911902149
Justice and Conflict of Interest Quasi Judicial Body – Dental Council in Hong Kong
Authors: Young Cecilia
Published: January 2021

Dental Councils are Quasi-Judicial Bodies, Declaration of the Conflict of Interest is vital to the fair trial. This short communication discussed the issue regarding the related laws, code of professional ethics and the sample code of conduct for members of public bodies from Independent Commission Against Corruption. A compulsory session for the Declaration of Conflict of Interest is necessary before the Preliminary Investigation and the Hearing.
Persistent Villous Atrophy in De Novo Adult Patients With Celiac Disease and Strict Control of Gluten-Free Diet Adherence: A Multicenter Prospective Study (CADER Study)
Authors: Fernández-Bañares Fernando , Beltrán Belén , Salas Antonio , Comino Isabel , Ballester-Clau Raquel , Ferrer Carme , Molina-Infante Javier , Rosinach Mercé , Modolell Inés , Rodríguez-Moranta Francisco , Arau Beatriz , Segura Verónica , Fernández-Salazar Luis , Santolaria Santos , Esteve Maria , Sousa Carolina ,   on behalf of the CADER study group
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:

A substantial proportion of adult patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet exhibit persistent villous atrophy, and inadvertent gluten exposure may be one of the causes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate villous atrophy persistence after 2 years on a gluten-free diet in de novo adult patients with celiac disease with strict control of gluten exposure.

METHODS:

Symptomatic de novo adult patients with celiac disease were prospectively included. Clinical visits and dietary surveillance were scheduled every 6 months during a 2-year follow-up period. At each visit, fecal samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until analysis for gluten immunogenic peptides (f-GIPs). A follow-up duodenal biopsy was performed at 2 years. We evaluated the variables associated with persistent villous atrophy.

RESULTS:

Seventy-six patients completed the study (36.5 ± 1.6 years, 73% women); persistent villous atrophy was observed in 40 (53%), whereas 72.5% were asymptomatic and 75% had negative serology. Detectable f-GIP >0.08 μg/g in at least 1 fecal sample was seen in 69% of patients. There were no significant differences in the median f-GIP at each visit and median area under the curve over the serial measurements between patients with persistent villous atrophy and those who recovered. On multivariate analysis, only older age was associated with persistent villous atrophy (32% for 16–30 years; 67% for >30 years; P = 0.016).

DISCUSSION:

The rate of persistent villous atrophy after 2 years was high in adult patients with celiac disease on an intentionally strict gluten-free diet. Low-level ongoing inadvertent gluten exposure could be a contributing factor to persistent villous atrophy.
Reconceptualizing the ‘problem’ of widening participation in higher education in England
Authors: Jones Iain
Published: January 2021

This article critically analyses national and institutional forms of policy and different conceptions of widening participation in higher education in England by contrasting representations of ‘it’ as a ‘problem’ to be managed, compared with complex and recurring dilemmas in practice. Building on Bacchi’s (2012a) strategy, the article asks, ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be?’ (WPR), and how the ‘problem’ of widening participation was constructed in specific contexts, by examining tensions between constructions of policy in texts and representations of widening participation in semi-structured interviews with national and institutional policy actors. Policy actors did not share a single voice, and various proposals embodied different representations of the ‘problem’. These do not reduce practice to distinct or static categories limited by available policy options. Instead, contemporary representations, interpretations and translations of policy and practice make visible both limitations and possibilities for widening participation in higher education in the future.
Evaluation of Eutrophication State of Mae Kuang Reservoir, Chiang Mai, Thailand by Using Carlson’s Trophic State Index
Authors: Saetang Songpon , Jakmunee Jaroon
Published: January 2021

Eutrophication is an event that occurred when the lakes have a high growth rate of phytoplankton and causing deterioration of water quality. In this work, we use Carlson’s Trophic State Index (CTSI) to evaluate the situation of eutrophication of Mae Kuang Reservoir for the first time. Three parameters, i.e., total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, and water transparency were used to calculate CTSI. The results showed that the reservoir has started to eutrophic. In June and October, the ranges of the CTSI were 49.26–59.60 and 49.07–56.04, respectively, which indicated a low eutrophic state of the reservoir. However, in this primary eutrophic condition, the water quality was not bad, and the living organisms can survive. The CTSI is a valuable and simple alternative method for monitoring and estimating lake ecosystems' eutrophic status.
K životnímu jubileu prof. Marie Krčmové
Authors: Khatebová Simona
Published: January 2021

K životnímu jubileu prof. Marie Krčmové
Anthropocentrism and Speciesism in the Context of Environmental Studies. A Synoptic Introduction
Authors: Romeo Maria Vita , Sgarlata Sara
Published: January 2021

Anthropocentrism and Speciesism in the Context of Environmental Studies. A Synoptic Introduction
BMO and the John-Nirenberg Inequality on Measure Spaces
Authors: Dafni Galia , Gibara Ryan , Lavigne Andrew
Published: January 2021

We study the space BMO𝒢 (𝕏) in the general setting of a measure space 𝕏 with a fixed collection 𝒢 of measurable sets of positive and finite measure, consisting of functions of bounded mean oscillation on sets in 𝒢. The aim is to see how much of the familiar BMO machinery holds when metric notions have been replaced by measure-theoretic ones. In particular, three aspects of BMO are considered: its properties as a Banach space, its relation with Muckenhoupt weights, and the John-Nirenberg inequality. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on a decomposable measure space 𝕏 for BMO𝒢 (𝕏) to be a Banach space modulo constants. We also develop the notion of a Denjoy family 𝒢, which guarantees that functions in BMO𝒢 (𝕏) satisfy the John-Nirenberg inequality on the elements of 𝒢.
Pointwise Multipliers on Weak Morrey Spaces
Authors: Kawasumi Ryota , Nakai Eiichi
Published: January 2021

We consider generalized weak Morrey spaces with variable growth condition on spaces of homogeneous type and characterize the pointwise multipliers from a generalized weak Morrey space to another one. The set of all pointwise multipliers from a weak Lebesgue space to another one is also a weak Lebesgue space. However, we point out that the weak Morrey spaces do not always have this property just as the Morrey spaces not always.
Thyroid hormones in the regulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis
Authors: Sentis Sarah Christine , Oelkrug Rebecca , Mittag Jens
Published: January 2021

A normal thyroid status is crucial for body temperature homeostasis, as thyroid hormone regulates both heat loss and conservation as well as heat production in the thermogenic tissues. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the major site of non-shivering thermogenesis and an important target of thyroid hormone action. Thyroid hormone not only regulates the tissue’s sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation by norepinephrine but also the expression of uncoupling protein 1, the key driver of BAT thermogenesis. Vice versa, sympathetic stimulation of BAT triggers the expression of deiodinase type II, an enzyme that enhances local thyroid hormone availability and signaling. This review summarizes the current knowledge on how thyroid hormone controls BAT thermogenesis, aiming to dissect the direct actions of the hormone in BAT and its indirect actions via the CNS, browning of white adipose tissue or heat loss over body surfaces. Of particular relevance is the apparent dose dependency of the observed effects, as we find that minor or moderate changes in thyroid hormone levels often have different effects as compared to high pharmacological doses. Moreover, we conclude that the more recent findings require a reevaluation of older studies, as key aspects such as heat loss or central BAT activation may not have received the necessary attention during the interpretation of these early findings. Finally, we provide a list of what we believe are the most relevant questions in the field that to date are still enigmatic and require further studies.
La prueba pericial en los delitos económicos. De la pericial contable al perito de compliance
Authors: Neira Pena Ana María
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo analiza la prueba pericial en los delitos económicos, cuya complejidad y creciente sofisticación demanda la intervención de técnicos o expertos que auxilien al juzgador en la reconstrucción de los hechos.Junto con las tradicionales pruebas periciales económico-financieras, contables o consistentes en cuantificar el valor de un daño o en tasar ciertos bienes, surgen otras pericias, como las tributarias o las de compliance. Todas ellas presentan ciertos aspectos problemáticos comunes que serán objeto de tratamiento en este artículo. Concretamente, se abordará la formación requerida de los peritos, el alcance y objeto de la pericia económica, la naturaleza jurídico-procesal del peritaje económico, las garantías de imparcialidad de tales peritos, el momento procesal adecuado para aportar los dictámenes periciales, así como las reglas para su valoración judicial.
Materiales para una conformidad restaurativa
Authors: Gaddi Daniela
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la posibilidad de dotar de significado restaurativo el mecanismo procesal de la conformidad. Para ello, se propone una reflexión sobre diferentes dispositivos de justicia negociada, analizando algunas cuestiones críticas. Se efectúa una comparación del significado del término consenso en la justicia negociada y en la justicia restaurativa y se identifican las condiciones para la puesta en marcha de un consenso restaurativo en el marco de las conformidades.
Proyección económica y política de China bajo la iniciativa del tren bio-óceanico [Póster]
Authors: Santiago Andrés Rubiano Ramírez , Gabriel Alejandro Mancera Caldas , Santiago José García García
Published: January 2021

El sistema internacional contemporáneo, con un especial interés en América Latina, se enfrenta a un escenario coyuntural de transformación. Bajo dichas dinámicas surge la necesidad de estudiar detenidamente las acciones de China, pues en un mundo interconectado y observando como esta pretende sumergirse en otras realidades con una lenta pero contundente estrategia, con especial énfasis (para este caso) en Brasil, Bolivia y Perú, ilustrando en estos contextos outputs políticos, económicos e inclusive geográficos que estos refieren tanto para la región.
Presentación de Signo Distintivo Grupo de Investigación GIFAEA
Authors: Miguel Andrés Riveros Romero , Diana Lorena Galeano Rodríguez , Amable José Pérez , Mario Fernando Prieto Delgadillo , Oscar Orlando Berrío Flórez , Karen Lorena Muñoz Espitia
Published: January 2021

El documento da cuenta de la Presentación de Signo Distintivo Grupo de Investigación GIFAEA
Multiagent modeling of sequential multiunit japanese auctions
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Yalovets A.L.
Published: January 2021

Features of modeling of auctions are investigated from the point of view of simulation (multiagent) modeling. The characteristic of auctions as object of modeling is resulted. Statement of a task carries out and the method of construction of the mechanism of carrying out of sequential multiunit japanese auctions, which provides use by agents of dominant strategies is offered and allows to construct optimal auction. Efficiency of the suggested method experimentally proves to be true.
Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) Dan Pidana Denda Dalam Rangka Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Pandemi Coronavirus Disease (Covid)-19
Authors: Kartono Kartono
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe trend of the spread of Coronavirus (Covid)-19 which continues to soar has an impact on society for health, peace and safety of the soul.  Public awareness and compliance with laws and regulations and the government's call for a Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy are important not to be violated or ignored.  The application of criminal sanctions for fines is an alternative sanction in law enforcement so that people are deterred, educated and as a means of government social control. The research method is normative juridical supported by empirical research using secondary data in the form of books, legislation and the internet. Type of qualitative research. The results of the study concluded that the government must be firm in applying criminal sanctions and criminal fines as an alternative to making people deterrent, educated and as a means of social control Keywords: PSBB, Criminal Fines, Prevention.
Strategi Fundraising Zakat Pasca Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Nurhidayat Nurhidayat
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn January 2020, the world was rocked by a corona virus outbreak, the virus first appeared in Wuhan City in China. The impact is not only China that feels other countries including Indonesia feel the shake. The impact caused by the corona virus is multidimensional social, economic, political, educational, and health. For the corona virus zakat institution, it has an impact on the collection of zakat. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze new strategies in collecting zakat in Indonesia. The approach used in this paper is descriptive qualitative. The main data source of this paper is information in various media about the fundraising strategy of zakat institutions which we limit Baznas, Dompet Dhuafa, Lazismu and Lazisnu. The conclusion of this paper is that zakat institutions in Indonesia (Baznas and LAZ) currently still integrate the collection manually and digitally. Both of these strategies are still a mainstay, it is adjusted to the muzaki segmentation.Keywords: Strategy, Fundraising, Zakat, Post-Pandemic AbstrakBulan Januari 2020, dunia diguncang wabah virus corona, virus tersebut pertama kali muncul di Kota Wuhan China. Dampaknya tidak hanya negara China yang merasakan negara-negara lainpun termasuk Indonesia merasakan guncang tersebut. Dampak yang ditimbulkan virus corona bersifat multidimensional sosial, ekonomi, politik, pendidikan, dan kesehatan. Bagi institusi zakat virus corona ini berdampak terhadap penghimpunan zakat. Oleh sebab itu pasca pandemi institusi zakat harus melakukan inovasi dalam penghimpunan zakat. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis bagaimana strategi baru dalam penghimpunan zakat di Indonesia. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun sumber data utama tulisan ini adalah informasi di berbagai media mengenai strategi fundraising zakat institusi zakat yang kami batasi Baznas, Dompet Dhuafa, Lazismu dan Lazisnu. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini adalah bahwa institusi zakat di Indonesia (Baznas maupun LAZ) saat ini masih mengintegrasikan penghimpunan secara manual dan digital. Kedua strtategi ini masih menjadi andalan, hal tersebut disesuaikan dengan segmentasi muzaki.      Kata Kunci: Strategi, Fundraising, Zakat, Pasca Pandemi
Genes, Environments, and Time: The Biology of Adversity and Resilience
Authors: Boyce W. Thomas , Levitt Pat , Martinez Fernando D. , McEwen Bruce S. , Shonkoff Jack P.
Published: January 2021

Exposures to adverse environments, both psychosocial and physicochemical, are prevalent and consequential across a broad range of childhood populations. Such adversity, especially early in life, conveys measurable risk to learning and behavior and to the foundations of both mental and physical health. Using an interactive gene-environment-time (GET) framework, we survey the independent and interactive roles of genetic variation, environmental context, and developmental timing in light of advances in the biology of adversity and resilience, as well as new discoveries in biomedical research. Drawing on this rich evidence base, we identify 4 core concepts that provide a powerful catalyst for fresh thinking about primary health care for young children: (1) all biological systems are inextricably integrated, continuously “reading” and adapting to the environment and “talking back” to the brain and each other through highly regulated channels of cross-system communication; (2) adverse environmental exposures induce alterations in developmental trajectories that can lead to persistent disruptions of organ function and structure; (3) children vary in their sensitivity to context, and this variation is influenced by interactions among genetic factors, family and community environments, and developmental timing; and (4) critical or sensitive periods provide unmatched windows of opportunity for both positive and negative influences on multiple biological systems. These rapidly moving frontiers of investigation provide a powerful framework for new, science-informed thinking about health promotion and disease prevention in the early childhood period.
Features of Conflicts in the Pedagogical Team
Authors: Ivanov Ivaylo
Published: January 2021

The publication examines the nature, functions and causes of occurrence of conflicts in the pedagogical team. The attitude of pedagogical specialists to conflicts in their professional activities has been studied. The interpersonal relationships between teachers in the pedagogical college were analyzed.
THE INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN TOURISM FLOWS ON THE BULGARIAN INDUSTRY
Authors: Genchev E.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The tourism industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the world economy. The tourism industry is a very important economic factor for many countries in the world, including Bulgaria.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the trends in foreign tourism flows in Bulgaria within the period 2008 – 2018, as well as their influence on the structure of the tourism industry.
The tasks established by the author go in several directions:
1. Analysis of the trends in the foreign tourism flow in Bulgaria;
2. Measuring tourism’s contribution to the economy, as well as its effect to the industry’s structure.
Material and methods:Data were obtained from Eurostat, the National Statistics Institute, and the World Council of Travel and Tourism, and analysis was by least squares multiple regression.
Results:The total effect on the tourist industry in our country is greater than the average for the EU – more than 11%.
Conclusion: Our research hypothesis that the tourist flow of people who are not citizens of the EU had a beneficial effect on the number of enterprises and employment rates within the “accommodation activities” sector was supported.
Distance Sustainable Education. Incentives and Expectations
Authors:   Phd, Teaching Staff, Higher School of Pedagogical and Technological Education, Heraklion, Greece, Armakolas Stefanos , Kazana Athina ,   Msc, Higher School of Pedagogical and Technological Education, Heraklion, Greece, Mitroulia Maria ,   Msc, University of Patras, Greece
Published: January 2021

The present study investigates the motivation for adult participation in distance education on sustainability and specializes in a population group with specific characteristics, that of the Agronomists (Higher Education Graduates). In a global community with shifting conditions, environmental problems and geometrically increasing demands regarding the qualifications of workers and especially the scientists dealing with these problems, this issue is considered of major importance while exploring the incentives that lead to participation – after acquiring the first degree – continuing education and learning, and in particular distance education on sustainable development, is essential. The result so that Agronomists feel a strong need to extend their knowledge mainly through distance education.
System Analysis of Globalization Processes’ Axiological Evaluation on the Bolon Process Ethiology and Chronology
Authors:   PhD in Physics and Mathematics, Dean of the Teacher’s Training Department of the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Iwano-Frankowsk, Ukraine, Kondur Oksana , Katsero Oksana ,   PhD student of adult education department; Dragomanov National Pedagogical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Trubchanina Irina ,   PhD student Dragomanov National Pedagogical University; teacher of Elementary school 334 Darnytskyi district of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2021

It is justified that the cross-border educational coordination activities have drawn public attention to the global challenges of the 21st century and have declared the necessity for sustainable development education to be at the forefront in the progress concept and strategies towards sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to create a sustainable development specialists’ professional training system, especially, for the professionals with managerial and qualitative competences.
Optimization of Vehicles’ Trajectories by Means of Interpolation and Approximation Methods in Education in Technical Fields of Study
Authors:   Doc., Ing., Ph.D., University of Ostrava, Faculty of Education, Department of Technical Education, Czech republic, Rudolf Ladislav , Novák Daniel ,   Doc., JUDr., Ing., CSc., Matej Bel University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Technology, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, Pavlovkin Ján ,   Ing., Ph.D., Matej Bel University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Technology, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, Novák Viktor ,   Ing., Ph.D., Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Czech Republic
Published: January 2021

The need to optimize the trajectory of vehicles is still highly topical, regardless weather the means of transport are robots, forklifts or road vehicles. It is not only important the safety by passing obstacles, but also the energy balance, i.e. the energy expended on the movement of the vehicle and on the change of its direction. This paper presents a mathematical approach to solving this problem through interpolation and approximation curves. This is a very important scope of knowledge for the education of future engineers.
REMOVAL OF NICKEL, COPPER, AND ZINC IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING COFFEE BEAN HUSK (CFH)
Authors: Tran Tran Dac , Tran Minh Le
Published: January 2021

Agricultural waste has been received much attention for its potential of being efficient and low-cost adsorbents to remove heavy metals from water. This paper presents a batch investigation of the potential of an adsorbent produced from coffee bean husk for removing copper, nickel and zinc ions from aqueous solution. At the initial pH of 5.0, a dose of 10 g/L, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, shaking speed of 100 rpm, particle size of 0.6-1 mm and at 25oC, the removal of nickel, copper, and zinc ions reached 95% and the highest adsorption capacity of coffee bean husk approached 23, 32, 22 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherm of these ions preferred to the Freundlich isotherm with the relative coefficient R2 equal and or greater than 0.98. Thus, an initial conclusion drawn from the study was that coffee bean husk could potentially be as an effective and economical adsorbent for removing nickel, copper, and zinc ions from the aqueous solution.
STUDY ON THE REMOVAL OF AMMONIA IN WASTEWATER USING ADSORBENT PREPARED FROM RICE HULL WITH MAGNESIUM OXIDE MODIFICATION
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuy , Tran Dang Lan Van , Nguyen Xuan Hoan , Le Thi Bich Son , Tran Thi Ngoc Mai , Dang Van Thanh , Nguyen Nhat Huy
Published: January 2021

This study is aimed to evaluate the ability of magnesium oxide-coated carbonized rice hull (MCRH) material for ammonium removal in synthetic and real domestic wastewater. The MCRH material was prepared using waste rice hull from a household rice-processing factory and magnesium chloride salt via a simple mixing and annealing method. The material was then characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effects of magnesium chloride modification and environmental condition such as initial ammonium concentration (20 – 100 mg/L), amount of adsorbent (0.8 –2.0 g/L), and adsorption time (0 –32 h) on the ammonium removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were investigated. Adsorption kinetic and isotherms were also studied for MCRH material. Results showed that magnesium oxide was successfully coated on carbonized rice hull with Mg/C molar ratio of 0.22. Ammonium adsorption isotherm fitted well to Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 65.36 mg/g. The adsorption was physical process and adsorption kinetic was best described by intra-particle diffusion model with the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.942 – 0.979. Ammonium removal feasibility of MCRH was proved through the treatment of real domestic wastewater containing 80.7±1.6 mg/L initial ammonia concentration with removal efficiency reached 86.8% and the effluent concentration met the allowable value (10 mg/L) as given by QCVN 14 : 2008/BTNMT (column B) - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater. Hence MCRH is potential as a cheap and abundant material in Vietnam and the material after adsorption accumulated ammonium would be the source of fertilizer for soil quality improvement.
INTER-COMPARISON BETWEEN MODIS SATELLITE-BASED AND AERONET GROUND-BASED AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH PRODUCTS IN VIETNAM
Authors: NGUYEN DUC LUONG , Bui Thi Hieu , Nguyen Hoang Hiep , Bui Quang Trung , Do Hoang Duong
Published: January 2021

Although a number of studies have extensively inter-compared the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) with the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) ground-based AOD on both global and regional scales, almost no similar studies have been conducted for Vietnam - a humid subtropical climate region. For the first time, inter-comparison between the MODIS Terra and Aqua Collection 6.1 (C6.1) Dark Target (DT) 10 km, Deep Blue (DB) 10 km, and merged DT-DB 10 km with the AERONET AODs has been performed in different areas with different surface types and different climatic characteristics in Vietnam. Three investigated AERONET stations are Nghia Do (urban), Son La (mountainous rural), and Bac Lieu (coastal urban) with the studying periods of 2010 - 2016, 2012 - 2017, and 2010 - 2017, respectively. Our findings showed the better performances of DB algorithm than those of DT and DT-DB products in the urban area. Additionally, all MODIS AOD algorithm performed worse over the coastal area compared to those in the non-coastal areas. Generally, the ability of all the MODIS AODs to catch up the monthly-mean AERONET AODs has been expressed in this study.
MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS (MFA) AND ENERGY BALANCE ANALYSIS (EBA) AS TECHNICAL TOOLS FOR WASTEWATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN TEXTILE AND DYEING INDUSTRY – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Vu Giang Ha , Nguyen My , Nguyen Anh , Tran Huong
Published: January 2021

The textile and dyeing industry consumes a large amount of water and discharges to the environment many pollutants including dyestuffs, auxiliaries, others. In this study, a selected textile and dyeing company was representing modern factory in Vietnam. Using STAN software, the authors have quantified and analyzed the material flows of the production lines and of the main pollutants in wastewater. Comparing with “business as usual” scenario, a new scenario with treatment and reuse of wastewater has been introduced. The discharge volume of wastewater from company was about 3,608.96 m3/day (or 1,317,270.4 m3/year). Loadings of the main pollutants in wastewater as COD, TSS, T-P and T-N were 1419.95, 1571.36, 17.77 and 50.16 ton/year, respectively. One meter of produced fabric consumes 0.025 m3 of water. Energy consumption of the wastewater treatment station was analyzed by SANKEY software. The energy consumption rate was 1.695 kWh per m3 of wastewater. Reuse of wastewater could save 1,129.05 kWh per day of electricity and 1,804.48 m3 per day of fresh water to be taken from the river source. Ozonation was the most consuming energy process at the wastewater treatment station, accounting for 58.88% of total wastewater treatment energy consumption.
Senachereim in Byzance: New Seals of Theodoros Senachereim from Bulgaria
Authors: Alekseienko Nikolay , Stepanenko Valery
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The new seal of proedros Theodoros Senachereim presents the oikeios of emperor Alexios I Komnenos (1081–1118), well-known from written sources.

Analysis. The finds of seals of individual representatives of the Senachereim family (Atouemes, proedros; Abou Sahl, proedros and kouropalates; Constantine, proedros, kouropalates and doux; Sebatas, protospatharios and strategos of the Serbion; John; Kourtikios and Zoe, nun), including on the territory of Bulgaria, provide grounds to suppose that the latter were administratively related in some way to the Balkan themes of Byzantium and, apparently, to the main Bulgarian centers of the Byzantine influence.

Results. Traditionally, it was considered that the Senachereim and other representatives of the Armenian elite in Asia Minor disappeared from the political scene in connection with the Seljuk conquest of these territories. However, thanks to the finds of seals of the Senachereim it is obvious that the family survives at least until the beginning of the 13th century.
Life of St. Pancratius: Clarification of Terms and Reconstruction of Book Writing and Icon Painting Realia in the 10th and 11th Centuries
Authors: Morugina Kseniia
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The paper attempts to compare and analyze specific words identifying book writing and icon painting realia in the Life of St. Pancratius thereby providing new definitions for these terms. In the light of the results obtained, it became possible to propose a reconstruction of book writing and icon painting at the time described in the Life of St. Pancratius.

Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the comparative analysis of various editions of the same literary work.

Analysis. There was no unity among specialists involved in the translation of the Life of St. Pancratius into other languages (namely Russian and English) in conveying the meaning of certain words. This situation led to the misconception and obscurity of the historical situation with liturgical books in this text. The analysis of evidence in regards to writing materials and bookmaking has been performed via comparison of two various editions of the Life of St. Pancratius: the first edition published by C.J. Stallman and the unpublished second edition in the manuscript of GIM Vlad. 381.

Results. The examination of the writing and icon-painting materials introduced in the Life of St. Pancratius was accomplished via comparison of the published first edition with the unreleased second edition. This comparison has led to uncovering new data, which adds to the historical picture – more specifically it describes on which materials the books and the icons were created in the Life of St. Pancratius.
International Politics and the Greek-Latin Union at the European Church Councils in the First Half of the 15th Century
Authors: Pashkin Nikolai
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The article is aimed at studying the negotiations on the Greek-Latin Church Union at the Church Councils in Constance (1414–1418) and Basel (1431–1449), which were the predecessors of the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1438–1439) in this matter. Since they were generated by internal processes in the Latin West, they originally had not direct relationship to Byzantium.

Methods and materials. The reason for the appeal of Councils to the problem of the Church Union should be sought in the field of Western international policy. It acted here as a tool for solving political problems by different actors.

Analysis. At the Council of Constance the discussion of the Greek-Latin Union was initiated by Poland and Lithuania, who used it as a means of political propaganda against the Teutonic Order. The Council of Basel subsequently entered into direct negotiations with Byzantium. The reason for this was at first internecine strife in the Duchy of Lithuania, which interfered with Poland, the Teutonic Order and King Sigismund. The Council initiated consideration of the Church Union in order to support the Lithuanian Duke Švitrigaila in the struggle for the throne. As a result Byzantium was included also in the negotiations with the Council of Basel. But in 1435 Švitrigaila was defeated in the clash with Poland and its ally Duke Sigismund Kęstutaitis. This defeat undermined the influence of Sigismund of Luxembourg at the Council of Basel. The King began his rapprochement with the Pope and Venice, and the Council of Basel was influenced by their political rivals, such as Milan and France. The theme of the Church Union at the Council became an instrument of struggle for political interests between these groups of political subjects. As a result, the struggle led to sharp disputes over the choice of the place for the Greek-Latin Council. The main options were Italy and French Avignon. The Byzantines chose the first option. But Byzantium was not the subject of the policy that created the situation of this choice. In the West this policy has led to significant changes.

Results. The results of the negotiations on the Church Union at the Council of Basel displayed the fall of the role of imperial policy in the Latin West, which was represented by the King and Emperor Sigismund Luxembourg. The Empire was losing control of Italy. The result was the withdrawal of the papacy from its influence and the strengthening of Venice. Their union stood behind the Council of Ferrara-Florence. Outside Italy this Council has not received recognition.
Riddles of the Text of an Early Byzantine Historian (Book Review: Priscus Panita. Excerpta et fragmenta / ed. by P. Carolla. – Berolini ; Novi Eboraci : Walter de Gruyter, 2017. – XLVIII, 140 p.)
Authors: Kozlov Alexander
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The publication is a review of the critical edition of the preserved fragments of the Early Byzantine intellectual and diplomat Priscus Panita’s historical work who presented first of all unique information about the nature of international relations in the Eastern Mediterranean and in Europe at the time of increasing threats to the Eastern and Western Roman empires from the barbarians.

Analysis. Italian scholar, philologist, and archaeographer P. Carolla who, unlike many of her predecessors, involved all the codices containing excerpts from the writings of Priscus for the publication, primarily confirmed the concept of her teacher, F. Bornmann, about the authenticity of texts related to the work of Priscus, but contained in the works created under control of the 10th-century emperor Constantine VII. The result of the presentation of these fragments is a logical series of formally separate texts which is based on a perfectly developed stem. This kind of classical archaeographic technique is supplemented by approaches different in their effectiveness to the publication of excerpts whose affiliation to the Priscus’ pen is not indisputable. The review notes that this kind of technique would have been more successful if Carolla had accompanied the published texts with a commentary on their content. But there are no such comments, but only some attempts to indicate that a number of passages belong to Priscus as an author. This approach impoverishes publisher’s archaeographic finds and is methodologically flawed. The disadvantages of such methods of publication are illustrated in the review by examples of hypothetical dependence of the corresponding “Hunnic” passages of the most famous historian of the 6th-century Byzantium Procopius of Caesarea on the texts of Priscus.

Results. In general, however, the publication undertaken by Carolla not only presents well-organized topical texts to specialists, allowing them to expand the possibilities of studying the transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages, but also gives an additional impetus to improving the methodology of Byzantine archaeography.
DOES THE ASSOCIATION OF TACROLIMUS AND MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL CHANGE THE HEALING OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL? STUDY IN RATS SUBMITTED TO ISCHEMIA AND KIDNEY REPERFUSION
Authors: WATANABE André Luís Conde , MATIAS Jorge Eduardo Fouto
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil are immunosuppressive agents widely used on the postoperative period of the transplants. Aim: To evaluate the influence of the association of them on the abdominal wall healing in rats. Methods: Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly assigned in three groups of 12. On the early postoperative period, four of the control group and three of the experimental groups died. The three groups were nominated as follow: control group (GC, n=8); group I (GI, n=11, standard operation, mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus); group II (GII, n=10, standard operation, mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus). The standard operation consisted of right total nephrectomy and 20 min ischemia of the left kidney followed by reperfusion. Both NaCl 0.9% and the immunosuppressive agents were administered starting on the first postoperative day and continuing daily until the day of death on the 14th day. On the day of their deaths, two strips of the anterior abdominal wall were collected and submitted to breaking strength measurement and histological examination. Results: There were no significant differences in wound infection rates (p=0,175), in the breaking strength measurement and in the histological examination among the three groups. Conclusion: The combination of the immunosuppressive agents used in the study associated with renal ischemia and reperfusion does not interfere in the abdominal wall healing of rats.
VALIDATION OF A NEW WATER-PERFUSED HIGH-RESOLUTION MANOMETRY SYSTEM
Authors: MARIOTTO Rogério , HERBELLA Fernando A. M. , ANDRADE Vera Lucia Ângelo , SCHLOTTMANN Francisco , PATTI Marco G.
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Background: High-resolution manometry is more costly but clinically superior to conventional manometry. Water-perfused systems may decrease costs, but it is unclear if they are as reliable as solid-state systems, and reference values are interchangeable. Aim: To validate normal values for a new water-perfusion high-resolution manometry system. Methods: Normative values for a 24-sensors water perfused high-resolution manometry system were validated by studying 225 individuals who underwent high resolution manometry for clinical complaints. Patients were divided in four groups: group 1 - gastroesophageal reflux disease; group 2 - achalasia; group 3 - systemic diseases with possible esophageal manifestation; and group 4 - dysphagia. Results: In group 1, a hypotonic lower esophageal sphincter was found in 49% of individuals with positive 24 h pH monitoring, and in 28% in pH-negative individuals. In groups 2 and 3, aperistalsis was found in all individuals. In group 4, only one patient (14%) had normal high-resolution manometry. Conclusions: The normal values determined for this low-cost water-perfused HRM system with unique peristaltic pump and helicoidal sensor distribution are discriminatory of most abnormalities of esophageal motility seen in clinical practice.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A NEW LAPAROSCOPIC ENDOTRAINER FOR NEONATAL SURGERY AND REDUCED SPACES
Authors: TORRES Alberto , INZUNZA Martín , JARRY Cristián , SERRANO Francisco , VARAS Julián , ZAVALA Alejandro
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Pediatric procedures have the difficulty of being performed in reduced spaces. Training in reduced spaces has proven to be different in complexity compared to adult laparoscopic endotrainers. Aim: To develop and validate a new neonatal/reduced-space endotrainer. Methods: The simulator was tested and assessed by users with different skill levels and experience in laparoscopic pediatric surgery through an 8-item questionnaire. Construct validity was determined by evaluating the performance of each subject on nine exercises. Results: A 10.5 x 10 x 18 cm acrylic simulator was created, with an internal working surface of 9 x 9 cm. An HD camera was incorporated, with a 0-180° range of movement. All exercises of a Basic Laparoscopic Training Program were adapted on a scale of 1:0.5 to fit in. From 49 participants, 42 (85.71%) answered the survey; 80.5% considered that the simulator reproduces similar conditions to procedures performed in children under one year of age; 61.1% thought that the simulator represents a difficulty identical to procedures performed in newborns; 73.7% considered that the neonatal simulator is more complicated than the adult simulator. Experts showed significantly better performance in all proposed exercises. Conclusion: The simulator has a high-quality image and design that allows training with basic tasks. The endotrainer permitted to discriminate between these different skill levels and was well evaluated by users with diverse surgical experience.
Método Alternativo de Zoneamento Agroclimático do Milho para o Estado de Alagoas
Authors: Lima Clóvis Isaac Silva de , Silva Fabrício Daniel dos Santos , Freitas Ismael Guidson Farias de , Pinto David Duarte Cavalcante , Costa Rafaela Lisboa , Gomes Heliofábio Barros , Silva Ewerton Hallan de Lima , Silva Lindenberg Lucena da , Silva Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues da , Silva Bruce Kelly da Nóbrega
Published: January 2021

Resumo O cultivo de milho em regime de sequeiro no estado de Alagoas é determinado pela variabilidade climática, especialmente sob as recorrentes secas que influenciam a recarga dos recursos hídricos em toda a região Nordeste do Brasil. Uma das formas de minimizar o risco de perdas é estabelecer uma janela climática ótima para o plantio. Nessa pesquisa utilizou-se um modelo agrometeorológico de penalização por déficit hídrico para simular a produtividade em todos os municípios de Alagoas no período de 1980 a 2015. A alta correlação entre simulações e observações, e o erro médio absoluto baixo para estações de referência validaram o modelo. Há diferentes janelas favoráveis ao plantio, mais curta no sertão durante o mês de abril, entre o terceiro decêndio de março e o terceiro decêndio de maio no agreste, e entre o primeiro decêndio de março e o segundo decêndio de junho no leste alagoano. Em média, as perdas relativas de produtividade no sertão são de 45%, no agreste de 40% a 45%, e em torno de 20% no leste. Estes resultados podem auxiliar o Zoneamento Agrícola de Risco Climático de Culturas do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, a estabelecer um calendário mais criterioso para a semeadura do milho no estado de Alagoas.