bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of benzene, MTBE and toluene from contaminated waters using biochar-based liquid activated carbon
Authors: Alshahrani F. , Tawabini B. , Saleh T. , Alrayaan M. , Alaama S. , Nasser R. , Soupios P. , Kirmizakis P. , Mahmoud M. , Oyehan T. , Safi E.
Published: November 2022

Fuel components such as benzene, toluene, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) are frequently detected pollutants in groundwater resources. Ex-situ remediation technologies by activated carbon have been used for treatment for many years. However, due to high cost of these technology, more attention has been given to the in-situ remediation methods of contaminated groundwaters using liquid carbon adsorbents. Literature search showed limited studies on using adsorbents in liquid form for the removal of such contaminants. Therefore, this lab-scale study investigates the capacity of using raw biochar-based liquid activated carbon and iron-modified biochar-based liquid activated carbon to remove these pollutants. The adsorption efficiency of the synthesized liquid activated carbon and iron-modified liquid activated carbon mixed with sand, limestone, and 1:1 mixture of sand/limestone, was tested using batch suspension experiments. Adsorption by granular activated carbon was also investigated for comparison with liquid activated carbon. Results of the study revealed that mixing of liquid activated carbon or LAC-Fe on subsurface materials had not improved the removal efficiency of MTBE. At the same time, it showed a slight improvement in the adsorption efficiency of benzene and toluene. In all cases, the removal by GAC was higher with around 80% and 90% for MTBE and BT, respectively. Results also showed that benzene and toluene were better removed by liquid activated carbon and iron-modified liquid activated carbon (∼ 40%) than MTBE (∼ 20%). It is also found that water chemistry (i.e., salinity and pH) had insignificant effects on the removal efficiency of pollutants under the study conditions. It can be concluded that more research is needed to improve the capacity of biochar-based liquid-activated carbon in removing MTBE, benzene and toluene compounds that will lead to improve the utilization of liquid activated carbon for the in-situ remediation of contaminated groundwaters.
Identification of Ribonuclease 6 as an immunoinflammatory key gene associated with the glomerular injury in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Li Tongyi , Wang Yanmei , Zhu Chan , Yang Yunjiao , Long Cong , Chen Qiu
Published: November 2022

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease, and the pathogenesis of the disease has not been elucidated. While the immunoinflammatory response plays an essential role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Glomerular expression dataset in diabetic nephropathy was obtained from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes were identified and functional enrichment analysis was performed to find genes associated with immunity and inflammation from them. The hub genes of immunoinflammatory were identified using MCODE after establishing the PPI network and gene expression was verified with diabetic nephropathy model rats. Xcell was used to assign immune cells to diabetic nephropathy glomerular samples to detect significant changes in immune cells and to analyze correlations with the hub gene. We found 120 DEGs associated with immunity and inflammation, Ribonuclease 6 was the Hub gene with the highest MCODE score. Xcell analysis revealed significant changes of immune cells in DN glomeruli, including upregulated Activated DCs, Conventional DCs, CD4+ Tem, Epithelial cells, Macrophages, Macrophages M1, and Memory B-cells. RNase6 expression showed the highest positive correlation with Macrophages M1, Activated DCs, and Conventional DCs. We verified through the Nephroseq v5 database that RNase6 expression was elevated in DN glomeruli and negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate. Animal studies revealed that the kidney of DN model rats showed increased RNase6 expression together with inflammatory factor TNF-alpha and chemokine MCP-1. Our study identified RNase6 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and found that it may play an essential role in the immunoinflammatory damage to the glomerulus.
2D materials-based nanoscale tunneling field effect transistors: current developments and future prospects
Authors: Kanungo Sayan , Ahmad Gufran , Sahatiya Parikshit , Mukhopadhyay Arnab , Chattopadhyay Sanatan
Published: November 2022

The continuously intensifying demand for high-performance and miniaturized semiconductor devices has pushed the aggressive downscaling of field-effect transistors (FETs) design. However, the detrimental short-channel effects and the fundamental limit on the sub-threshold swing (SS) in FET have led to a drastic increase in static and dynamic power consumption. The operational limit of nanoscale transistors motivates the exploration of post-CMOS devices like Tunnel FET (TFET), having steeper SS and immunity toward short channel effects. Thus the field of nanoscale 2D-TFET has gained compelling attention in recent times. The nanoscale TFET, with two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials, has shown a significant improvement in terms of higher on-state current and lower sub-threshold swing. In this context, the review presented here has comprehensively covered the gradual development and present state-of-arts in the field of nanoscale 2D-TFET design. The relative merits and demerits of each class of 2D materials are identified, which sheds light on the specific design challenges associated with individual 2D materials. Subsequently, the potential device/material co-optimization strategies for the development of efficient TFET designs are highlighted. Next, the experimental development in 2D-TFET design is discussed, and specific synthesis/fabrication challenges for individual material systems are indicated. Finally, an extensive comparative performance study is presented between the simulated as well as experimentally reported potential 2D materials and state-of-the-art bulk material-based TFETs.
Identification of fungal lignocellulose-degrading biocatalysts secreted by Phanerochaete chrysosporium via activity-based protein profiling
Authors: Schmerling Christian , Sewald Leonard , Heilmann Geronimo , Witfeld Frederick , Begerow Dominik , Jensen Kenneth , Bräsen Christopher , Kaschani Farnusch , Overkleeft Herman S. , Siebers Bettina , Kaiser Markus
Published: November 2022

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) has emerged as a versatile biochemical method for studying enzyme activity under various physiological conditions, with applications so far mainly in biomedicine. Here, we show the potential of ABPP in the discovery of biocatalysts from the thermophilic and lignocellulose-degrading white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. By employing a comparative ABPP-based functional screen, including a direct profiling of wood substrate-bound enzymes, we identify those lignocellulose-degrading carbohydrate esterase (CE1 and CE15) and glycoside hydrolase (GH3, GH5, GH16, GH17, GH18, GH25, GH30, GH74 and GH79) enzymes specifically active in presence of the substrate. As expression of fungal enzymes remains challenging, our ABPP-mediated approach represents a preselection procedure for focusing experimental efforts on the most promising biocatalysts. Furthermore, this approach may also allow the functional annotation of domains-of-unknown functions (DUFs). The ABPP-based biocatalyst screening described here may thus allow the identification of active enzymes in a process of interest and the elucidation of novel biocatalysts that share no sequence similarity to known counterparts.
Sulfur amino acid supplementation displays therapeutic potential in a C. elegans model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Ellwood Rebecca A. , Slade Luke , Lewis Jonathan , Torregrossa Roberta , Sudevan Surabhi , Piasecki Mathew , Whiteman Matthew , Etheridge Timothy , Szewczyk Nathaniel J.
Published: November 2022

Mutations in the dystrophin gene cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a common muscle disease that manifests with muscle weakness, wasting, and degeneration. An emerging theme in DMD pathophysiology is an intramuscular deficit in the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Here we show that the C. elegans DMD model displays reduced levels of H2S and expression of genes required for sulfur metabolism. These reductions can be offset by increasing bioavailability of sulfur containing amino acids (L-methionine, L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, L-glutathione, and L-taurine), augmenting healthspan primarily via improved calcium regulation, mitochondrial structure and delayed muscle cell death. Additionally, we show distinct differences in preservation mechanisms between sulfur amino acid vs H2S administration, despite similarities in required health-preserving pathways. Our results suggest that the H2S deficit in DMD is likely caused by altered sulfur metabolism and that modulation of this pathway may improve DMD muscle health via multiple evolutionarily conserved mechanisms.
Complexity of modular neuromuscular control increases and variability decreases during human locomotor development
Authors: Sylos-Labini Francesca , La Scaleia Valentina , Cappellini Germana , Dewolf Arthur , Fabiano Adele , Solopova Irina A. , Mondì Vito , Ivanenko Yury , Lacquaniti Francesco
Published: November 2022

When does modular control of locomotion emerge during human development? One view is that modularity is not innate, being learnt over several months of experience. Alternatively, the basic motor modules are present at birth, but are subsequently reconfigured due to changing brain-body-environment interactions. One problem in identifying modular structures in stepping infants is the presence of noise. Here, using both simulated and experimental muscle activity data from stepping neonates, infants, preschoolers, and adults, we dissect the influence of noise, and identify modular structures in all individuals, including neonates. Complexity of modularity increases from the neonatal stage to adulthood at multiple levels of the motor infrastructure, from the intrinsic rhythmicity measured at the level of individual muscles activities, to the level of muscle synergies and of bilateral intermuscular network connectivity. Low complexity and high variability of neuromuscular signals attest neonatal immaturity, but they also involve potential benefits for learning locomotor tasks.
Aqueous alteration of the Vastitas Borealis Formation at the Tianwen-1 landing site
Authors: Liu Changqing , Ling Zongcheng , Wu Zhongchen , Zhang Jiang , Chen Jian , Fu Xiaohui , Qiao Le , Liu Ping , Li Bo , Zhang Li , Xin Yanqing , Shi Erbin , Cao Haijun , Tian Shangke , Wan Sheng , Bai Hongchun , Liu Jianzhong
Published: November 2022

The Vastitas Borealis Formation is a Hesperian-aged sedimentary unit that mainly covers the Martian northern plains. Its environment of formation is uncertain but may be related to an ancient Martian ocean, outflow channel deposits, compaction and drainage activities, or subsurface ice-related processes. Here we investigate the geological evolution of the Vastitas Borealis Formation using geochemical and mineralogical data acquired by the Mars Surface Composition Detector on board the Zhurong rover at the Tianwen-1 landing site. We find that the fine-grained soil is very similar to the ubiquitous surface dust at other landing sites on Mars but mixed with calcium-rich and magnesium-poor local materials. These materials are mostly igneous minerals mixed with allophane and imogolite/opal and appear to have a low degree of chemical alteration. We suggest that these deposits likely formed by alteration of extensive volcaniclastic soils in limited or ephemeral water under cold conditions, which largely supports the hypotheses of a frozen ocean and sublimation.
Asynchronous responses of microbial CAZymes genes and the net CO2 exchange in alpine peatland following 5 years of continuous extreme drought events
Authors: Yan Zhongqing , Kang Enze , Zhang Kerou , Hao Yanbin , Wang Xiaodong , Li Yong , Li Meng , Wu Haidong , Zhang Xiaodong , Yan Liang , Zhang Wantong , Li Jie , Yang Ao , Niu Yuechuan , Kang Xiaoming
Published: November 2022

Peatlands act as an important sink of carbon dioxide (CO2). Yet, they are highly sensitive to climate change, especially to extreme drought. The changes in the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) under extreme drought events, and the driving function of microbial enzymatic genes involved in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, are still unclear. Herein we investigated the effects of extreme drought events in different periods of plant growth season at Zoige peatland on NEE and microbial enzymatic genes of SOM decomposition after 5 years. The results showed that the NEE of peatland decreased significantly by 48% and 26% on average (n = 12, P < 0.05) under the early and midterm extreme drought, respectively. The microbial enzymatic genes abundance of SOM decomposition showed the same decreasing trend under early and midterm extreme drought, but an increasing trend under late extreme drought. The microbial community that contributes to these degradation genes mainly derives from Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. NEE was mainly affected by soil hydrothermal factors and gross primary productivity but weakly correlated with SOM enzymatic decomposition genes. Soil microbial respiration showed a positive correlation with microbial enzymatic genes involved in the decomposition of labile carbon (n = 18, P < 0.05). This study provided new insights into the responses of the microbial decomposition potential of SOM and ecosystem CO2 sink function to extreme drought events in the alpine peatland.
Scientific Evaluation of the Role of Ocimum sanctum in Ayurvedic Formulations and Its Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Rasheed Haamid , Ahmed Suhail , Singh Harjeet , Sharma Alok
Published: November 2022

Ocimum sanctum (L.), more frequently referred to as Tulsi, is a treasured medicinal plant which has been used for hundreds of years in Ayurvedic and indigenous medications. Not only in Ayurveda and Siddha, but additionally in Greek, Roman, and Unani medicine, this herb has been attributed with various scientific benefits. In South Asia, it is typically used as a medicinal plant and natural tea. The significance of Ayurveda medicine, ethnopharmacology, geographical distribution, botanical description, Ayurvedic formulations, marketed formulations, present compounds, modern-day extraction methods, pharmacological profile, and medical investigations are all described in this chapter. Traditional Ayurvedic books, as well as Science-Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and ACS Publications on O. sanctum, have been used in the research. Nearly 60 chemical compounds have been observed in O. sanctum, such as phenolics, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, fatty acid derivatives, essential oil, fixed oil, and steroids. However, rosmarinic acid is one of the the major phenylpropanoids, followed by luteolin, kaempferol, and rutin. According to the pharmacological research described here, O. sanctum can be utilized to deal with a vast variety of ailments. It has been established to be nontoxic and scientifically suitable for human fitness and well-being from historical times to the present. O. sanctum-based natural compositions have been offered as supplements, extracts, pills, and powders. This chapter aims to be a resource in the correlation of this accepted Ayurvedic herb's pharmacological activities and phytochemical profile.
Ayurvedic and Traditional Systems of Medicine in Clinical Trials: An Overview
Authors: Jude Shintu , Varma A. C. Karthik , Kuttappan Sasikumar , Amalraj Augustine
Published: November 2022

Remedies from nature are always of great interest. In the concerns related to health and diseases, this interest is very large. Traditional medicine systems are a result of the trials over the years and their role in the domain of well-being is still important. The scientific possibilities of research on traditional medicine have found a way for much healthier and beneficial treatment protocols. The current chapter discusses different traditional medicine systems and their safety and efficacy, as assessed by modern scientific studies.
Bandgap widening through doping for improving the photocatalytic oxidation ability of narrow-bandgap semiconductors
Authors: Yang Yue , Toyoda Masayuki , Yamaguchi Akira , Cho Yohei , El Aisnada An Niza , Abe Hideki , Ueda Shigenori , Okunaka Sayuri , Saito Susumu , Liu Min , Tokudome Hiromasa , Miyauchi Masahiro
Published: November 2022

We introduced an orbital dilution strategy for bandgap widening through doping. Specifically, we found that the lanthanum-doped (La-BiVO4) photocatalyst has a wider bandgap and exhibits stronger oxidation power than the pristine BiVO4.
An efficient method to predict protein thermostability in alanine mutation
Authors: Gao Ya , Wang Bo , Hu Shiyu , Zhu Tong , Zhang John Z. H.
Published: November 2022

An efficient method to predict protein thermostability in alanine mutation was proposed.
Ammonia formation by reduction of nitrogen monoxide with carbon monoxide using copper-deposited ceria in the presence of water
Authors: Kobayashi Keisuke , Manaka Yuichi , Nanba Tetsuya
Published: November 2022

A Cu/CeO2catalyst was developed to simultaneously treat exhaust gas and supply ammonia at low temperatures.
The mechanistic effects of human digestion on magnesium oxide nanoparticles: implications for probioticsLacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GGandBifidobacterium bifidum VPI 1124
Authors: García-Rodríguez Alba , Stillwell Allayah A. , Tochilovsky Blake V. , Tanzman Jacob V. , Limage Rhodesherdeline , Kolba Nikolai , Tako Elad , Marques Cláudia N. H. , Mahler Gretchen J.
Published: November 2022

Ingested dietary MgO-NPs could form different magnesium aggregates that would reach the small intestine and interact with the gut microbiota.
Distinct breast milk microbiota, cytokine, and adipokine profiles are associated with infant growth at 12 months: anin vitrohost–microbe interaction mechanistic approach
Authors: Cortés-Macías Erika , Selma-Royo Marta , Rio-Aige Karla , Bäuerl Christine , Rodríguez-Lagunas María José , Martínez-Costa Cecilia , Pérez-Cano Francisco J. , Collado Maria Carmen
Published: November 2022

Breast Milk (BM) is important for adequate infant development, and it contains bioactive compounds, such as bacteria, cytokines and some adipokines, which play a role in infant microbial, metabolic, and immunological maturation.
The future of chemical probes is diversity
Authors: Müller Susanne , Frye Stephen , Baell Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Guest editors Susanne Müller, Stephen Frye and Jonathan Baell introduce the RSC Medicinal Chemistry themed collection on chemical probes.
Passive climate regulation with transpiring wood for buildings with increased energy efficiency
Authors: Ding Yong , Dreimol Christopher H. , Zboray Robert , Tu Kunkun , Stucki Sandro , Keplinger Tobias , Panzarasa Guido , Burgert Ingo
Published: November 2022

The transpiring wood is able to self-regulate indoor climate resulting in improved living comfort and substantial energy savings. The material sources and the fabrication process of transpiring wood also meet sustainability criteria.
Identification of prognostic factors in classic Hodgkin lymphoma by integrating whole slide imaging and next generation sequencing
Authors: Santisteban-Espejo Antonio , Bernal-Florindo Irene , Perez-Requena Jose , Atienza-Cuevas Lidia , Catalina-Fernandez Inmaculada , Fernandez-Valle Maria del Carmen , Romero-Garcia Raquel , Garcia-Rojo Marcial
Published: November 2022

Integration of WSI and NGS in classic Hodgkin lymphoma identifies a higher PFS in patients with CD3+ and MUM1+ cell abundance and amplification in the NF1 gene, and cHL patients with MUM1+ cell abundance and amplification in the AR gene and wild-type KRASS gene.
Mediating the Li diffusion path in composite polymer electrolytes by mesoporous SBA-15 for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Huang Jinqiu , Xu Lei , Feng Tianshi , Hu Yubing , Zhang Lifeng , Luo Langli
Published: November 2022

Here, we present a composite polymer electrolyte incorporated with mesoporous zeolite SBA-15 fillers with improved Li transport and interfacial properties.
Design and preparation of hollow triple-shell CaMgFe2O4 nanospheres for green synthesis of spiro-dihydrofurans under solvent free conditions
Authors: Kazempour Somayeh , Naeimi Hossein
Published: November 2022

In this study, hollow spheres with a multi-metallic core triple shell were prepared. The catalytic performance of the hollow CaMgFe2O4 nanospheres was evaluated for the one pot synthesis of spiro-dihydrofurans through a condensation reaction.
Photonic double-network hydrogel dressings for antibacterial phototherapy and inflammation regulation in the general management of cutaneous regeneration
Authors: Sun Jiyu , Deng Yi , Han Qiuyang , Ma Daichuan , Chan Yau Kei , He Shuai , Zhou Xiong , Wang Hao , Fu Xinliang , Gan Xueqi
Published: November 2022

Bi2S3@GO KC/agar DN hydrogels could play the role of an umbrella to protect internal tissue and defend against external germs with a balanced antibacterial strategy to practically conquer the challenge of healing pathogen-induced infected wounds.
Isolation strategy for a novel luminescent Eu3+-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid complex with high compatibility and stability for light-conversion agricultural films
Authors: Zhang Maolin , Zhao Chipeng , Song Ji-Qing , He Wen-Qing , Zhao Peiyi , Liu Jialei
Published: November 2022

A new light-conversion agent with high UV-to-red light-conversion efficiency and stability is prepared to increase the yield of crops.
Facile synthesis of Cu N-lauroyl sarcosinate nanozymes with laccase-mimicking activity and identification of toxicity effects for C. elegans
Authors: Meng Fanwei , Ma Guofang , Qiu Jiahe , Fu Zhendong , Yan Jiaqing , Wang Lingping
Published: November 2022

Toxicity assessment of Caenorhabditis elegans Cu-Ls Nz with laccase-like activity.
Evaluation of antiviral activity ofCarica papayaleaves against SARS-CoV-2 assisted by metabolomic profiling
Authors: Adel Amr , Elnaggar Mohamed S. , Albohy Amgad , Elrashedy Ahmed A. , Mostafa Ahmed , Kutkat Omnia , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Al-Sayed Eman , Rabeh Mohamed A.
Published: November 2022

Then-hexane extract showed a significant antiviral activity. In addition, annotated compounds exhibited high binding scores on 6 target viral proteinsin silico.
Enhanced stability of vanadium-doped Li1.2Ni0.16Co0.08Mn0.56O2 cathode materials for superior Li-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Miaomiao , Zhao Jianjun , Wang Xiaodong , Shen Ji , Yang Jin-Lin , Tang Wenhao , Deng Yirui , Zhao Shi-Xi , Liu Ruiping
Published: November 2022

The high-valence V5+ can improve the discharge capacity and coulomb efficiency and inhibit the voltage attenuation of cathode materials.
Strategies for the preparation of high-performance inorganic mixed-halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Jie , Cui Xumei , Wang Xiao , Yang Dingyu
Published: November 2022

This review gives a full-scale and in-depth summary of mixed halide CsPbX3 perovskite materials for the photovoltaic application.
Copper oxide nanostructured thin films processed by SILAR for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Patwary Md Abdul Majed , Hossain Md Alauddin , Ghos Bijoy Chandra , Chakrabarty Joy , Haque Syed Ragibul , Rupa Sharmin Akther , Uddin Jamal , Tanaka Tooru
Published: November 2022

CuxO nanostructured thin films are potentially appealing materials for many applications. The deposition technique, SILAR, explored in this paper offers many advantages.
High-yield production of liquid fuels in CO2 hydrogenation on a zeolite-free Fe-based catalyst
Authors: Guo Lisheng , Gao Xinhua , Gao Weizhe , Wu Hao , Wang Xianbiao , Sun Song , Wei Yuxue , Kugue Yasuharu , Guo Xiaoyu , Sun Jian , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: November 2022

CO2/H2 mixtures can be directly converted into long-chain hydrocarbons with a yield of 26.7% over a bimetallic FeCo catalyst via strengthening the reinforced chain growth reaction.
Nanosized NiFeSe2/NiCo2O4 hierarchical arrays on Ni foam as an advanced electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation
Authors: Tasviri Mahboubeh , Shekarabi Sahar , Taherinia Davood , Zare Pour Mohammad Amin
Published: November 2022

A novel hierarchical composite electrode as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
High-performance FeOx@CoOx/NC electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Nasim Fatima , Ali Hassan , Nadeem Muhammad Amtiaz , Nadeem Muhammad Arif
Published: November 2022

FeOx decorated, and cobalt oxide encapsulated nitrogen-doped tubular carbon (FeOx@CoOx/NC2) as efficient electrocatalyst for ORR.
A metal/semiconductor contact induced Mott–Schottky junction for enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of water-splitting catalysts
Authors: Tong Yexing , Liu Wei , Li Chuanming , Liu Xiuping , Liu Jingquan , Zhang Xingwang
Published: November 2022

Constructing Mott–Schottky electrocatalysts is a proof-of-concept strategy to design efficient water splitting catalysts. Here, we focus on the basics of Mott–Schottky catalysts and the fundamental understanding of their catalytic mechanisms.
Construction of core–shell Ni–Co(OH)F@NiCo2S4nanorods for highly efficient hydrazine-assisted hydrogen evolution
Authors: Dong Yongli , Wang Pei , Zhang Jun-Ye , Song Weina , Chen Yan , Wang Fan , Liu Yamin , Zhu Chuanbiao , Li Wei
Published: November 2022

Core–shell Ni–Co(OH)F@NiCo2S4nanorods with Ni doping and interface engineering have exhibited outstanding performances toward hydrazine-assisted hydrogen production.
Novel metal enhanced dual-mode fluorometric and SERS aptasensor incorporating a heterostructure nanoassembly for ultrasensitive T-2 toxin detection
Authors: Khan Imran Mahmood , Niazi Sobia , Pasha Imran , Khan Muhammad Kashif Iqbal , Yue Lin , Ye Hua , Mohsin Ali , Shoaib Muhammad , Zhang Yin , Wang Zhouping
Published: November 2022

Fluorescent gold (Au) nanostructures have emerged as burgeoning materials to fabricate nanomaterial stratagem to play a vital role as effective agents to improve the detection sensitivity and specificity of various biomolecules in a complex matrix.
Carbon-based nanostructures for cancer therapy and drug delivery applications
Authors: Bagheri Babak , Surwase Sachin S. , Lee Su Sam , Park Heewon , Faraji Rad Zahra , Trevaskis Natalie L. , Kim Yeu-Chun
Published: November 2022

Carbon-based nanostructures as drug carriers have attracted a great deal of interest over the past half of the century because of their promising chemical, thermal, physical, optical, mechanical, electrical properties, and their structural diversity.
Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on graphene quantum dot-InSe mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Song Shuang , Qiao Jie , Shen Mengyan , Zhang Guoping , Feng Fu , Somekh Michael G.
Published: November 2022

Combining the advantages of GQDs and InSe, GQD/InSe 0D–2D MvdWH-based photodetectors with a responsivity of 27.48 A W−1 and a detectivity of 1.2 × 1012 Jones are proposed.
Adaptive wavelet pyramid for noisy machinery fault diagnosis with multiple sensors
Authors: Tian Aosheng , Ye Zhang , Ma Chao , Chen Huiling , Zhou Shilin , Sheng Weidong
Published: November 2022

The fusion of multiple monitoring sensors is crucial to improve the accuracy and robustness of machinery fault diagnosis. However, existing fault diagnosis methods may underestimate the interference of noise in the multi‐sensor fusion process, leading to unsatisfied performance. To handle this problem, this paper proposes a deep model based on the frequency adaptive wavelet pyramid. First, an adaptive frequency selection strategy is designed to prune the seriously polluted frequencies and only retain some key frequencies. Then, the self‐attention mechanism is used to perform information fusion on the selected frequency bands of different sensors. Finally, a wavelet fusion pyramid is adopted by repeating the fusion process at multiple wavelet decomposition levels. In this way, different sensors can be fused in a more fine‐grained manner. The experimental results on two multi‐sensor‐based fault diagnosis datasets demonstrate the anti‐noise capability of the proposed method.
Rich‐scale feature fusion network for salient object detection
Authors: Sun Fengming , Cui Junjie , Yuan Xia , Zhao Chunxia
Published: November 2022

Fully convolutional neural networks‐based salient object detection has recently achieved great success with its performance benefits from the effective use of multi‐layer features. Based on this, most of the existing saliency detectors designed complex network structures to fuse the multi‐level features generated by the backbone network. However, the variable scale and complex shape of the target are always a great challenge for saliency detection tasks. In this paper, the authors propose a Rich‐scale Feature Fusion Network (RFFNet) for salient object detection. The authors design a rich‐scale feature interactive fusion module to obtain more efficient features from the multi‐scale features. Moreover, the global feature enhance module is used to extract features with better characterization for the final saliency prediction. Extensive experiments performed on five benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve satisfactory results on different evaluation metrics compared to other state‐of‐the‐art salient object detection approaches.
Analysis of electromagnetic interaction between smooth and corrugated transmission lines by using a circuit model
Authors: Wu Chia Ho , Wu Yu , Zhou Guobing , Shen Jianqi , Wang Xiaolong , Wang Zhuoyuan , Qian Zhenyu , Shen Linfang , Zhang Hang , He Fang , Chen Gang , You Yun
Published: November 2022

It has been proved that a subwavelength periodic microstrip structure can be used to suppress crosstalk between two adjacent microstrip lines and such a microstrip structure can be widely used in the application of high‐speed circuit systems. To further increase the accuracy of the equivalent circuit model of the subwavelength periodic microstrip line (SPML), we focus our attention on a single unit cell with the periodic structure, which is divided into several sub‐regions, and the circuit parameters in each sub‐region are analysed for setting up a complete circuit model of the unit cells. Then the details of the interaction between each sub‐region and the electromagnetic field are clearly indicated. The ‐parameters of the circuit model accord well with full‐wave simulation results, showing a maximum deviation of 0.03973 dB for S21 and 0.1211 dB for S11 below 15 GHz. For the first time, we also study the frequency‐dependence of the mutual capacitance and the mutual inductance for analysing the coupling effect between an SPML and a conventional microstrip line (CML). The instantaneous impedance obtained by the full‐wave simulation of the SPML is consistent well with the experimental results.
A novel AC chopper integrated with active measurement of wideband impedance for wind power system
Authors: Shi Yan , Qi Lei , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhan Liangtao , Cui Xiang
Published: November 2022

Large‐scale wind farms are susceptible to oscillations like any other power systems with high penetration of power electronics, whose characteristics of wideband impedance hold the key to resolving this issue. However, due to the high cost of impedance measurements for power systems, computational modelling methods are usually used, accuracy of which is difficult to be verified. This paper proposes a novel AC chopper integrated with active measurement of wideband impedance (AIM‐ACC), which can be slightly modified from the existing energy consuming devices in wind power systems. With the help of the proposed Reversed‐phase Chirp Pulse Width Modulation (RC‐PWM) signal, the AIM‐ACC generates chopper current within a desired wide frequency band, avoiding the spectral shifting effects of sinusoidal voltages. Thus, the impedance characteristics of wind system are obtained by measuring the injected current and its corresponding voltage, with fast excitation time, good controllability and high accuracy. Finally, the verification of an experiment with single‐phase branch and a simulation with the proposed AC chopper in wind power system was carried out for the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Estimation of human gait features by trajectory tracking and recombination using radar range‐Doppler‐time data
Authors: Mao Tong , Zhang Yi , Zhu Kaiqiang , Wang Tianyi , Sun Houjun
Published: November 2022

Radar enables a convenient, contactless way for gait analysis in daily scenarios, such as in‐home health monitoring. However, the overlapping of human limb components could occur in both range and velocity dimensions of the radar echo, which makes it difficult to distinguish the limbs. In this study, a trajectory tracking and recombination method based on range‐Doppler‐time data is proposed for gait feature estimation under insufficient radar resolution. In the trajectory tracking step, the scattering amplitude is included for Kalman filtering, and the weighted joint nearest neighbour algorithm is proposed for data association. Then, the trajectories are recombined to construct the limb tracks based on the relative range‐Doppler angles. Finally, the limb tracks are used to estimate the spatial‐temporal and kinematic gait features. In our simulation, the trajectory tracking accuracies range from 98.2% to 99.6%. The gait feature estimation accuracies for simulation and measurement are no less than 91.9% and 93.8% respectively.
Extragalactic peaked-spectrum radio sources at low frequencies are young radio galaxies
Authors: Slob M. M. , Callingham J. R. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Williams W. L. , Duncan K. J. , de Gasperin F. , Hardcastle M. J. , Miley G. K.
Published: November 2022

We present a sample of 373 peaked-spectrum (PS) sources with spectral peaks around 150 MHz, selected using a subset of the two LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) all-sky surveys, the LOFAR Two Meter Sky Survey and the LOFAR LBA Sky Survey. These LOFAR surveys are the most sensitive low-frequency widefield surveys to date, allowing us to select low-luminosity peaked-spectrum sources. Our sample increases the number of known PS sources in our survey area by a factor 50. The 5 GHz luminosity distribution of our PS sample shows we sample the lowest luminosity PS sources to date by nearly an order of magnitude. Since high-frequency gigahertz-peaked spectrum sources and compact steep-spectrum sources are hypothesised to be the precursors to large radio galaxies, we investigate whether this is also the case for our sample of low-frequency PS sources. Using optical line emission criteria, we find that our PS sources are predominately high-excitation radio galaxies instead of low-excitation radio galaxies, corresponding to a quickly evolving population. We compute the radio source counts of our PS sample, and find they are scaled down by a factor of ≈40 compared to a general sample of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN). This implies that the lifetimes of PS sources are 40 times shorter than large-scale radio galaxies if their luminosity functions are identical. To investigate this, we compute the first radio luminosity function for a homogeneously selected PS sample. We find that for 144 MHz luminosities ≳1025 W Hz−1, the PS luminosity function has the same shape as an unresolved radio-loud AGN population, but shifted down by a factor of ≈-pagination10. We interpret this as strong evidence that these high-luminosity PS sources evolve into large-scale radio-loud AGN. For local low-luminosity PS sources, there is a surplus of PS sources, which we hypothesise to be the addition of frustrated PS sources that do not evolve into large-scale AGN.
Parametric model of young infants’ eardrum and ear canal impedances supporting immittance measurement results. Part I: Development of the model
Authors: Sankowsky-Rothe Tobias , van de Par Steven , Blau Matthias
Published: November 2022

Wideband acoustic immitance (WAI) measurements provide an objective means to detect pathological middle ear conditions. However, for ears of young infants, it is still difficult to make clear statements about the middle ear status based on WAI measurements. In order to gain a better understanding of WAI data obtained in young infants’ ears, a parametric electro-acoustic model of the ear canal and the middle ear of young infants is proposed. In this first part of the two-part paper, the development of the model for the healthy ear is presented. Based on an existing model for adult ears, the presented model is adapted to young infants’ ears, uses parameters suited to represent physiological properties, and uses a smaller number of parameters in order to reduce model complexity. A comparison of the acoustic input impedance of the ear predicted by the model with real ear measurements in young infants’ ears showed a good agreement in the main characteristics. Model predictions show that the medium frequency range (about 1–3 kHz) of the acoustic input impedance of the ear is dominated by the properties of the eardrum and the middle ear, indicating that pathological middle ear conditions can preferably be detected in this frequency range.
The behaviour of an epidemiological model
Authors: Bucur Maria–Liliana
Published: November 2022

In this work we study the next system:
$$\[\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{S'}& = &{A - \beta \left( {1 + vI} \right)SI}\\{E'}& = &{\beta \left( {1 + vI} \right)SI - \alpha E}\\{I'}& = &{\alpha E - \gamma I}\\{R'}& = &{\gamma I}\end{array}} \right.\]$$

which is a SEIR model, where first of all the probability of disease transmission depend linear of the number of infectious.

We also consider and study the behaviour of the system if the probability of disease transmission depend of two degree polinom of the number of infectious.
Bounds for various graph energies
Authors: Sevgi Emre , Özkan Kızılırmak Gül , Büyükköse Şerife , Cangul Ismail Naci
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we obtain some upper and lower bounds for the spectral radius of some special matrices such as maximum degree, minimum degree, Randic, sum-connectivity, degree sum, degree square sum, first Zagreb and second Zagreb matrices of a simple connected graph G by the help of matrix theory. We also get some upper bounds for the corresponding energies of G.
Fredholm property of regular hypoelliptic operators on the scales of multianisotropic spaces
Authors: Tumanyan Ani
Published: November 2022

This paper studies the Fredholm properties for a class of regular hypoelliptic operators. We establish necessary and suﬃcient conditions for a priori estimates for diﬀerential operators acting in multianisotropic Sobolev spaces in Rn. Fredholm criteria and index invariance are obtained for a wide class of regular hypoelliptic operators on the special scales of multianisotropic weighted spaces.
Bloch spectral analysis in the class of non-periodic laminates
Authors: Bălilescu Loredana , Conca Carlos , Ghosh Tuhin , San Martín Jorge , Vanninathan Muthusamy
Published: November 2022

In this work, we introduce Bloch waves to study the homogenization process in a class of simple laminates which are obtained as a particular Hashin-Shtrikman microstructure involving translations and dilations in only one direction. This makes this class of microstructures non necessarily periodic in the direction of lamination. We derive explicit formulae for the Bloch wave spectral representation of the homogenized coefficients.
The Ψ−asymptotic equivalence of the Lyapunov matrix differential equations with modified argument
Authors: Diamandescu Aurel
Published: November 2022

Using the notion of strict h−contraction, existence results for Ψ−asymptotic equivalence of two pairs of (Lyapunov) matrix differential equations with modified argument are given.
Extended curvatures and Lie pseudoalgebras
Authors: Popescu Marcela , Popescu Paul
Published: November 2022

The aim of the paper is to prove that if some extended curvatures on a preinfinitesimal module L, considered in the paper, vanish, then the derived preinfinitesimal module L(1) is a Lie pseudoalgebra. Two non-trivial examples are given. The first example is when L0 is an infinitesimal module and the second one is when L1 is a preinfinitesimal module.
Vegetativ wirksame Akupunkturpunkte
Authors: Peuker Elmar T.
Published: November 2022

Der Aufbau des vegetativen Nervensystems und die Besonderheiten der beteiligten
Systeme wurden bereits andernorts in dieser und anderen Ausgaben der
AkupunkturPraxis dargestellt (u. a. 2).
Während sich die parasympathische Versorgung auf die Kopfganglien und
viszeralen Organe reduzieren lässt, finden sich sympathische Afferenzen und
Efferenzen nahezu ubiquitär im Körper, da v. a. die
Gefäßsteuerung durch das sympathische System dominiert wird.
Das Reizdarmsyndrom aus Sicht der Naturheilkunde
Authors: Jänsch Annette , Agarwal Kamayni
Published: November 2022

Bauchbeschwerden sind ein häufiger Vorstellungsgrund von Patienten aller
Altersklassen. Dabei geht es neben Bauchschmerzen oftmals um
Stuhlunregelmäßigkeiten und Blähungen im Sinne eines
Reizdarmsyndroms. Häufig vermuten die Betroffenen eine
Nahrungsmittelallergie als Ursache, was sich selten bestätigt. Nach
einer gastroenterologischen Diagnostik (ÖGD, Koloskopie,
Oberbauchsonografie, Labor), die ohne pathologischen Befund ist, bleiben viele
Patienten ratlos zurück.
Entwicklung und psychometrische Überprüfung eines
Kurzfragebogens zur Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung im Umgang mit psychisch
belastenden Situationen (SWEP)
Authors: Dreier Mareike , Ludwig Julia , Baumgardt Johanna , Bock Thomas , Knesebeck Olaf von dem , Härter Martin , Liebherz Sarah
Published: November 2022

Ziel der Studie Entwicklung und psychometrische
Überprüfung eines 6-Item-Instruments zur Erfassung von
Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, sich in psychisch belastenden Situationen
Unterstützung suchen zu können (SWEP).

Methodik Entwicklung von Items, Ermittlung von Verteilungscharakteristika,
Faktorenstruktur und interner Konsistenz der Skala anhand einer
Paper-Pencil-Befragung (N=269) und einer Untersuchung einer
Online-Intervention zur Suizidprävention (N=802). Bestimmung der
Retest-Reliabilität und diskriminanten Validität zu Skalen, die
suizidspezifisches Wissen und einen Aspekt von Suizidstigma erfassten.

Ergebnisse Die Hauptkomponentenanalyse ergab für die SWEP-Skala
ein eindimensionales Konstrukt mit hoher interner Konsistenz (Cronbachs
α=0,83 bzw. α=0,89). Es zeigten sich inhaltlich
plausible Korrelationen zu anderen Konstrukten und erste Hinweise auf eine hohe
Retest-Reliabilität.

Schlussfolgerung Die SWEP-Skala ist ein reliables, augenscheinlich
valides, kurzes Instrument zur Erfassung von Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, sich
in psychisch belastenden Situationen Unterstützung suchen zu
können.
Psychiatrie, Krisen und Politik
Authors: Salize Hans-Joachim
Published: November 2022

Ausgehend von den gegenwärtigen krisenhaften Zuspitzungen diskutiert der
Artikel den anhaltenden gesellschaftspolitischen Rückzug der Psychiatrie
auf die Position einer rein medizinisch-kurativen Disziplin ohne
Zuständigkeit für wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische
Lebensbedingungen ihrer Klientel. Die globalen Krisen verweisen darauf, dass die
psychische Gesundheit der Bevölkerung zusammen mit sozialer
Kohäsion und Resilienz als wichtigste gesellschaftliche Ressource
darüber entscheiden, ob rationale Antworten auf die existentiellen
Bedrohungen der Gegenwart und Zukunft gefunden werden. Das stellt Gesellschaft
und Psychiatrie vor signifikant andere strukturelle Herausforderungen. Die
psychiatrische Expertise z. B. hinsichtlich der Balance von Autonomie
und Zwang oder der Beziehung zwischen kognitiven Prozessen und menschlichem
Handeln muss von einer krankheitsbezogenen Perspektive auf die gesellschaftliche
Ebene transferiert und für gesellschaftspolitische Debatten und die
Bekämpfung sozialer und politischer Fehlentwicklungen fruchtbar gemacht
werden.
The Effect of Using Marathon Shoes or Track Spikes on Neuromuscular
Fatigue caused by a Long-distance Track Training Session
Authors: Ruiz-Alias Santiago A. , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Soto-Hermoso Víctor M , García-Pinillos Felipe
Published: November 2022

This study aims to compare the effect of the Nike ZoomX Dragonfly track spikes
and the Nike ZoomX VaporflyNext% 2 marathon shoes on the fatigue
manifestations present over and after a long-distance track training session.
Thirteen highly trained athletes completed two training sessions (i. e.,
9- and 3-minute time trials with complete recovery) with the aforementioned
footwear models. The pace, ground contact time, and stride length were measured
over the time trials, and maximal countermovement jumps were performed
previously and after the training session. The results revealed that, although
there was no significant interaction in the pace distribution (p≥0.072),
athletes tend to be only able to increase the pace at the last lap with the
marathon shoes (5.4 meters [−3.7 to 14.5 meters]) meanwhile with the
track spikes it further decreased (−3.1 meters [−9.8 to 3.6
meters]). A reduced ground contact time over the session (p=0.025) and a
tendency toward increasing stride length (p=0.09) in the last time trial
were observed. The significant interaction on the countermovement jump height
(p=0.023; Track spikes: −5.60%; Marathon shoes:
0.61%) also indicates that footwear influences the resulted allostatic
load.
Synthesis of Five-Membered Organoborate Heterocycles via a Metal-Free Carboboration and Their Use in Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Sucunza David , Vaquero Juan J. , Valencia Isabel , García-García Patricia , Pérez-Redondo Adrián
Published: November 2022

Treatment of various vinylbenzopyridines with allyl(dichloro)borane affords five-membered organoborate heterocycles via a metal-free carboboration. The reaction between these organoborates and Grignard reagents increases the number of derivatives belonging to this novel family of four-coordinate organoboron compounds. Some of them were used as reagents in phenylations and methylations in moderate to high yields under standard palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction conditions.
Relation between Vitamin B12 Levels and Smell Affection in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Elsayad Osama A. , Abdou Said Mohammed
Published: November 2022

Introduction Olfactory and gustative alterations are frequent in the initial stages of the COVID-19 infection. Vitamin B12 deficiency has been linked to olfactory dysfunction.

Objective The present study aimed to assess the relationship between vitamin B12 levels and smell affection in COVID-19 patients.

Methods The present study included 201 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. Smell affection was assessed using self-rated olfactory function. Serum vitamin B12 levels were assessed using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.

Results According to the smell function assessment, the patients were classified into three categories: normal osmesis (n = 77), hyposmia (n = 49), and anosmia (n = 75) (Fig. 1). Four weeks later, 195 patients (97.0%) had their normal smell function restored. The remainder 6 patients included 4 anosmic and 2 hyposmic patients. Patients with hyposmia or anosmia had significantly lower vitamin B12 levels when compared with patients with normal osmesis (median [IQR]: 363.0 [198.0–539.0] versus 337.0 [175.0–467.0] and 491.0 [364.5–584.5] pg/ml, respectively, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Vitamin B12 appears to have some contribution to smell affection in patients with COVID-19 infection.