bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrochemical evolution and formation mechanism of groundwater affected by human activities in Zhangxuan basin, northwest of Yanshan mountains, China
Authors: Ma Miaomiao , Yu Yanbo , Yan Baizhong , Tuo Yapeng , Gai Junbai
Published: February 2025

The Zhangxuan Basin serves as an ecological barrier and water conservation area for Beijing, the capital of China. Clarifying the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in this region is essential for the effective management of groundwater resources and the protection of ecological security. In this study, based on data regarding chemistry and level of shallow groundwater from 2016 to 2022, hydrogeochemical analysis methods and geostatistical techniques were applied to investigate the hydrochemical evolution and genesis mechanisms of groundwater under the influence of human activities. The results showed that: (1) From 2016 to 2022, the groundwater remained predominantly characterized by Ca2+ and HCO3-, with the primary hydrochemical type unchanged as HCO3-Ca·Mg. (2) From 2016 to 2022, an overall decreasing trend in hydrochemical components was observed, alongside an increase in HCO3-Na type groundwater. Spatially, along the direction of groundwater flow, a general trend of increasing hydrochemical components was noted, with a significant rise in HCO3-Na type groundwater. (3) The spatiotemporal distribution and evolution of hydrochemistry were influenced by water-rock interactions, lithological characteristics, groundwater flow patterns, and human activities. Along the groundwater flow direction, lithological particles became finer, enhancing forward cation exchange and leaching, with the dissolution of silicate and carbonate minerals intensifying. In localized areas, the hydrochemical components were influenced by the extraction of groundwater source areas and the discharge of industrial waste.
Intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa persist and evade antibiotic treatment in a wound infection model
Authors: Pont Stéphane , Nilly Flore , Berry Laurence , Bonhoure Anne , Alford Morgan A. , Louis Mélissande , Nogaret Pauline , Bains Manjeet , Lesouhaitier Olivier , Hancock Robert E. W. , Plésiat Patrick , Blanc-Potard Anne-Béatrice
Published: February 2025

Persistent bacterial infections evade host immunity and resist antibiotic treatments through various mechanisms that are difficult to evaluate in a living host. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a main cause of chronic infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and wounds. Here, by immersing wounded zebrafish embryos in a suspension of P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients, we established a model of persistent infection that mimics a murine chronic skin infection model. Live and electron microscopy revealed persisting aggregated P. aeruginosa inside zebrafish cells, including macrophages, at unprecedented resolution. Persistent P. aeruginosa exhibited adaptive resistance to several antibiotics, host cell permeable drugs being the most efficient. Moreover, persistent bacteria could be partly re-sensitized to antibiotics upon addition of anti-biofilm molecules that dispersed the bacterial aggregates in vivo. Collectively, this study demonstrates that an intracellular location protects persistent P. aeruginosa in vivo in wounded zebrafish embryos from host innate immunity and antibiotics, and provides new insights into efficient treatments against chronic infections.
Evaluation of the productivity and costs of excavator-based mechanized tree planting in Finland based on automated data collection
Authors:   School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland, Kemppainen Kalle ,   Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Yliopistokatu 6, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland, Kärhä Kalle , Laitila Juha , Sairanen Antti , Kankaanhuhta Ville , Viiri Heli , Peltola Heli
Published: February 2025

The poor cost-effectiveness of mechanized planting (MECP) is the main reason for the low mechanization rate of planting. In this study, we investigated the productivity of the mechanized excavator-based planting of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] H. Karst.) seedlings based on data collected by the Risutec Asta documentation system. We also compared the costs of a MECP chain with two different manual planting (MAP) chains, where mounding was carried out by a crawler excavator (EXC) or a continuously advancing mounder (CONT). The MECP of seedlings was carried out using an EXC equipped with a Risutec PM-160 planting device. Generally, the nine study sites in western Finland contained few surface obstacles (e.g., the logging residues had mainly been harvested), which made the conditions very suitable for MECP. The average production time taken by the MECP was 9 h ha–1. The operating hour (G15-h) productivity averaged 215 seedlings G15-h−1, with the mean planting time being 13.8 s seedling−1. Loading 160 seedlings into the seedling cassette took approximately 10 min (3.8 s seedling−1). Overall, the cost of the MECP was about 3% lower than for the EXC + MAP. However, when productivity was set at <210 seedlings G15-h−1, the cost of the MECP was higher than that of the EXC + MAP. Based on our findings, the most cost-efficient planting chain was CONT + MAP. However, based on our results, the required level of productivity can be achieved if the sites are suitable for MECP and the machine operators are skilled.
Semiotic analysis of Indian advertisements for mental illnesses
Authors: Mrinal Madhur , Kumar Upmesh , Khurana Sarbjeet , Singh Vijender
Published: February 2025

Paper illuminates semiotic analysis of drug advertising for depression, anxiety and its influences on doctors, patients and consumersâ€™ behavior. Analytic attention is given to visual and linguistic imagery of advertisements in USA, UK and India. This interpretation and its associated myth have been used in drug advertisements to depict effective therapeutic efficacy or effective treatment. Many of us, doctors, patients and care givers in the family should be aware of these myths of drugs claim in the print as well as in visuals of Indian advertisements for mental illnesses.Â Â Â
Právnické osoby veřejného práva a nový občanský zákoník
Authors: Hendrych Dušan
Published: February 2025

The concept of juridical persons is usually regulated in general terms by the codes of civil law. At the same time, it is possible to apply a special approach of public civil law to some of these persons. It is especially the public law juridical persons in respect of which this special approach is applied. It is the issues of their coming into existence, their legal forms and special conditions or restrictions that are dealt with. In this respect the codeces of private law are usually rather reserved and leave sufficient space to special legal rules to regulate appropriately public law juridical persons. Unlike the strictly defined private law juridical persons, a certain loose characteristic is typical of public law juridical persons. It is therefore unacceptable for the development of this category of juridical persons that they should be strictly defined as they are in s. 88 (1) (2) of the Civil Code. Such definition entirely contravenes the possible variety of forms of public law juridical persons which after all have been introduced in our system of law. This article describes three fundamental types of public law juridical persons already existing in the Czech Republic – corporations, institutions and funds. A special attention is paid to state as the most important corporation and a public administration entity.
Smlouvy o užívání budovy nebo její části na časový úsek
Authors: Dvořáková Vladimíra
Published: February 2025

Act No. 135/2002 Coll. Dated the 15 of March 2002 which came into effect (with the exception of specified provisions) on the 1 of July 2002, incorporated in the Civil Code special provisions on the protection of consumer entering into agreement on the use of a building or its part for a period of time. The lawmaker had several options of how to apply the provisions regulating the given issue in the Czech legal system. There is no doubt that the provision now in effect represents important development in the area of the protection of consumer as a weaker party to the existing legal obligation (contractual) relationship. There is still, however, an open question whether it would be, possibly in the future, more efficient to regulate this issue by a special Act of law. It would certainly be possible to find the grounds supporting this solution – especially in respect of the extensive scope of the facts and specific nature of this issue to be regulated.
Convergence rates of eigenvalue problems in perforated domains: the case of small volume
Authors: Shen Zhongwei , Zhuge Jinping
Published: February 2025

This paper is concerned with the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem for Laplace operator in a bounded domain with periodic perforation in the case of small volume. We obtain the optimal quantitative error estimates independent of the spectral gaps for an asymptotic expansion, with two leading terms, of Dirichlet eigenvalues. We also establish the convergence rates for the corresponding eigenfunctions. Our approach uses a known reduction to a degenerate elliptic eigenvalue problem for which a quantitative analysis is carried out.
Overcoming stress limitations in SiN nonlinear photonics via a bilayer waveguide
Authors: McNulty Karl J. , Chaitanya Shriddha , Sanyal Swarnava , Gil-Molina Andres , Corato-Zanarella Mateus , Okawachi Yoshitomo , Gaeta Alexander L. , Lipson Michal
Published: February 2025

Silicon nitride (SiN) formed via low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) is an ideal material platform for on-chip nonlinear photonics owing to its low propagation loss and competitive nonlinear index. Despite this, LPCVD SiN is restricted in its scalability due to the film stress when high thicknesses, required for nonlinear dispersion engineering, are deposited. This stress in turn leads to film cracking and makes integrating such films in silicon foundries challenging. To overcome this limitation, we propose a bilayer waveguide scheme comprised of a thin LPCVD SiN layer underneath a low-stress and low-index PECVD SiN layer. We show group velocity dispersion tuning at 1,550 nm without concern for film-cracking while enabling low loss resonators with intrinsic quality factors above 1 million. Finally, we demonstrate a locked, normal dispersion Kerr frequency comb with our bilayer waveguide resonators spanning 120 nm in the c-band with an on-chip pump power of 350 mW.
Perceptions of Justice: Assessing the Perceived Effectiveness of Punishments by Artificial Intelligence versus Human Judges
Authors: Grolleau Gilles , Mungan Murat C. , Mzoughi Naoufel
Published: February 2025

Using an original experimental survey, we analyze how people perceive punishments generated by artificial intelligence (AI) compared to the same punishments generated by a human judge. We use two vignettes pertaining to two different albeit relatively common illegal behaviors, namely not picking up one’s dog waste on public roads and setting fire in dry areas. In general, participants perceived AI judgements as having a larger deterrence effect compared to the those rendered by a judge. However, when we analyzed each scenario separately, we found that the differential effect of AI is only significant in the first scenario. We discuss the implications of these findings.
Ungeklärte prozess- und insolvenzrechtliche Fragen des § 715 b BGB
Authors: Schwarz Lara
Published: February 2025

112Mit § 715 b BGB hat der Gesetzgeber des MoPeG die seit Langem in Rechtsprechung und Literatur anerkannten Grundsätze der Gesellschafterklage für das Personengesellschaftsrecht kodifiziert. Während es ihm gelungen ist, einige der viel diskutierten Probleme zu klären, bestehen gerade mit Blick auf die Subsidiarität der Gesellschafterklage, ihre Auswirkungen auf die Organisationsver113fassung der Gesellschaft, die Handlungsmöglichkeiten der Gesellschaft nach Erhebung der Gesellschafterklage und die Zulässigkeit einer Gesellschafterklage im Insolvenzverfahren nach wie vor Unklarheiten. Der Beitrag greift diese unbeantworteten Aspekte der neuen Regelung heraus und zeigt Lösungsmöglichkeiten auf.
Narrativa, discurso e conceito: os logoi de Heródoto na construção da(s) identidade(s)
Authors: Carderaro Lidiane
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo visa refletir sobre a identificação, a partir de uma visão ampla da obra de Heródoto, Histórias, as características políticas que constroem a imagem de um bom e um mau homem político, e as boas práticas políticas que, segundo o historiador, fazem do povo grego superior aos povos bárbaros e as qualidades políticas que, por vezes, Heródoto aponta nos povos não-gregos e que lhe garantiram o epíteto philobarbarós, ou, aquele que é amigo dos bárbaros.Partiremos, contudo, do essencial da obra herodotiana, o logos.Com vistas ao uso do poder discursivo utilizado nos diversos níveis da comunicação,pretende-se, ao fim desta análise, traçar em linhas gerais um esboço desse legado historiográfico para a construção da identidade política, grega ou bárbara, baseada nos aspectos essenciais do uso dado aos diversos níveis dologos a partir da obra de Heródoto.
Pnld/2012: confrontos entre a avaliação do guia do livro didático e a escolha do mesmo pelos professores de história
Authors: Costa Jéferson Barbosa
Published: February 2025

Parece ser consenso, entre os teóricos da área –Bittencourt (2011); Corrêa (2000); Cassiano (2005), etc. –, que atualmente o livro didático merece ser pensado de modo a considerar os aspectos mercadológicos que envolvem suas publicações. Caracterizado por Lajolo e Zilbermancomo “Primo rico das Editoras”, o livro didático é objeto muito cobiçado por, segundo Corrêa (2002), unir interesses privados e do governo, o que o fez ser, provavelmente, o material escolar que mais sofreu influências das normas de mercado. É entendendo o livro didático como mercadoria que este artigo traz como objetivo, traçar, em linhas gerais, questionamentos que proporcionem reflexão em torno do porquê da escolha de livros didáticosde História – referente ao PNLD 2012. Além de relacionar as coleções distribuídas para o Ensino Médio e os dados fornecidos pelo PNLD acerca das mesmas. Para tanto, utilizaremos as informações disponibilizadas pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação, o Guia do Livro Didático do PNLD 2012 e várias coleções deste programa, às quais tivemos acesso através do acervo bibliográfico do Laboratório de Ensino de História, vinculado ao Departamento de História da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. A partir dos dados analisados, foi possível concluir que há confrontos entre a avaliação do Guida do Livro Didático fornecido pelo PNLD e a escolha feita pelos professores de História. Diante disso, apontamos duas possíveis visões sobre este quadro: Os docentes que escolheram coleções com qualidades gráficas superiores e que obtiveram um mau resultado na avaliação do PNLD em termos de conteúdo podem tê-lo feito por discordarem dessa avaliação e sustentarem uma opinião didático-pedagógica distinta. No entanto, é possível também que os atrativos gráficos e autores renomados de uma coleção pesem na escolha dos livros didáticos pelos docentes.
Identification of Factors Influencing the Use of QRIS Using TAM and UTAUT 2 Methods
Authors: Nuswantoro Setio Ardy , Muhammad Ulfi  , Miftahurrizqi  , Muhammad Rafli
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This research aims to analyze user behavior towards Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) usage, employing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) methods.
Methods: Online surveys were conducted among QRIS users, focusing on factors influencing adoption intention and usage behavior in Indonesian society. Sampling was random, with a sample size determined for a 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. Data analysis employed Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for validity and reliability testing, followed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess model fit.
Result: The research results indicate the validity and reliability of the structural model, with Performance Expectancy significantly impacted by Effort Expectancy. However, Effort Expectancy insignificantly affects Behavioral Intention and Use Behavior, consistent with previous research. But when Effort Expectancy and Performance are used as mediating variables between Perceived Trust and Behavioral Intention, they have a significant impact on this relationship. Social Influence also insignificantly affects Behavioral Intention and Use Behavior. Facilitating Condition, Perceived Trust, Hedonic Motivation, Price Value, and Habit demonstrate significant impacts on Behavioral Intention and Use Behavior, reaffirming prior findings. Some variables also have a big influence on other variables, such as Perceived Trust has major impact to Effort Expectancy, and Habit which has a major impact on Behavioral Intention and Use Behavior as a whole. Additionally, Behavioral Intention significantly affects Use Behavior.
Novelty: Effort Expectancy insignificantly affects Behavioral Intention and Use Behavior. However, when Effort Expectancy and Performance are used as mediating variables between Perceived Trust and Behavioral Intention, they have a significant impact on this relationship. Some variables also have a big influence on other variables, such as Perceived Trust has major impact to Effort Expectancy, and Habit which has a major impact on Behavioral Intention and Use Behavior as a whole. This study contributes to understanding QRIS adoption and usage behavior, offering insights for policymakers and practitioners in the digital payment sector.
Comparison Model Optimal Machine Learning Model With Feature Extraction for Heart Attack Disease Classification
Authors: Salsa Desmalia  , Amril Mutoi Siregar  , Kiki Ahmad Baihaqi  , Tatang Rohana
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to classify the number of people affected by heart disease and those not affected by heart disease based on various categories of heart attack causes. This study aims to urge people to take better care of their health and to serve as a reference for doctors to educate patients about the dangers of heart attacks.
Methods: The model will be constructed via a machine learning methodology. The algorithms utilized in its development encompass the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, the K-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm, and the Random Forest (RF) algorithm.  This study utilizes principal component analysis (PCA) as a means of extracting optimized features from the dataset, employing techniques for dimension reduction prior to modeling the data.
Result: Cumulative explication of the concept of variance constitutes a foundational aspect of PCA (principal component analysis) within the scope of the current research, namely a dimensionality reduction technique employed in multivariate data analysis to facilitate model development, thereby enabling the creation of more optimal and comprehensive models. In this research, the dimensions of training data are incorporated during the process of model creation.   The results show KNN model exhibits the highest performance, with an accuracy of 86%, precision of 86%, recall of 91%, and F1-score of 88%. Furthermore, evaluation using the ROC metric also provides a relatively favorable value, 0.85.
Novelty: Researchers used 1190 patient data sourced from Kaggle. Before modeling the algorithm, researchers conducted EDA & Preprocessing which includes missing values to find data that does not have information, then duplicate data to find duplicated data, there are 270 duplicated data, then the duplicated data is deleted so that the data becomes 737, then PCA implementation is carried out.  PCA is reducing features automatically without changing the data.
Classification Modeling with RNN-based, Random Forest, and XGBoost for Imbalanced Data: A Case of Early Crash Detection in ASEAN-5 Stock Markets
Authors: Siswara Deri , M. Soleh Agus , Hamim Wigena Aji
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This research aims to evaluate the performance of several Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures, including Simple RNN, Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), compared to classic algorithms such as Random Forest and XGBoost, in building classification models for early crash detection in the ASEAN-5 stock markets.
Methods: The study examines imbalanced data, which is expected due to the rarity of market crashes. It analyzes daily data from 2010 to 2023 across the major stock markets of the ASEAN-5 countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines. A market crash is the target variable when the primary stock price indices fall below the Value at Risk (VaR) thresholds of 5%, 2.5%, and 1%. Predictors include technical indicators from major local and global markets and commodity markets. The study incorporates 213 predictors with their respective lags (5, 10, 15, 22, 50, 200) and uses a time step of 7, expanding the total number of predictors to 1,491. The challenge of data imbalance is addressed with SMOTE-ENN. Model performance is evaluated using the false alarm rate, hit rate, balanced accuracy, and the precision-recall curve (PRC) score.
Result: The results indicate that all RNN-based architectures outperform Random Forest and XGBoost. Among the various RNN architectures, Simple RNN is the most superior, primarily due to its simple data characteristics and focus on short-term information.
Novelty: This study enhances and extends the range of phenomena observed in previous studies by incorporating variables such as different geographical zones and periods and methodological adjustments.
Students’ Interest Towards Physical EducationCabilao National High SchoolCabilao, Loon, Bohol
Authors: Carlon Lesley Anne , Vidal L. Platino, Jr. Vidal
Published: February 2025

This quantitative-descriptive study examines the factors that affect the interest of 107 Senior High School students in physical education at Cabilao National High School, Loon, Bohol, Philippines. The study utilizes a revised questionnaire created by Kate Sauer to investigate the relationships among factors including age, sex, academic strand, grade level, teacher performance, peer influence, and self-perception in relation to students' interest. The findings revealed a significant correlation between grade level and students' interest. On the other hand, characteristics such as age, sex, and academic strand showed no significant correlation.  Furthermore, the findings show that, while children have a favorable interest in physical education, it does not have a substantial association with their academic performance. The study emphasizes the critical role of educators in increasing student engagement and the relevance of using interactive and relevant teaching approaches. It highlights the need of developing a positive attitude toward physical education in order to encourage long-term participation in physical activities.
Modular Distance Learning In Relation To Learners’ Performance In Enscima, Calape District, Bohol
Authors: Alepoyo Dianne April , Abdul Luzviminda
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the implementation of Modular Distance Learning (MDL) and its impact on learners' performance in English, Science, and Mathematics (ENSCIMA) in public elementary schools in Calape District, Bohol, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study assesses the quality of Self-Learning Modules (SLMs) and the perceptions of teachers and parents regarding MDL. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to Grade 6 teachers and parents, with statistical analyses including means, correlation coefficients, and non-parametric tests. Findings reveal a high level of implementation of module distribution, with a composite mean of 3.4485, indicating effective access to learning materials. Teacher evaluations rated the quality of SLM content as "Very Good," yet areas for improvement were identified, particularly in developmental appropriateness and clarity. Notably, a significant correlation exists between the quality of SLMs and their usability. However, the average performance of Grade 6 learners in ENSCIMA subjects did not meet expectations, highlighting the need for enhanced instructional strategies. The study underscores the importance of continuous improvement in educational resources and collaborative efforts between educators and parents to optimize student learning outcomes in the context of MDL. Recommendations for future research and practice are provided to support effective educational interventions.
La integración regional ante nuevas perspectivas de cambio
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Vieira Posada Edgar , Vargas Alzate Luis Fernando , Nolte Detlef , Giacalone Rita , Briceño Ruiz José , Simonit Silvia , Molina del Pozo Carlos , Quevedo Jorge Alberto , Santana Paisano Diana
Published: February 2025

Este tomo 19 es el primero de tres, resultado de ideas expuestas en el III Congreso del Grupo de Reflexión sobre Integración y Desarrollo en América Latina y Europa (Gridale), en las cuales se hace referencia a la integración en escenarios geográficos de América Latina, Asia y Europa, lo cual permite, mediante situaciones de regionalismo comparado, apreciar la situación de procesos latinoamericanos de integración en relación con avances temáticos puntuales en la integración del proceso asiático de la ASEAN y del proceso de la Unión Europea. De esta forma, se prosigue en la construcción de un pensamiento académico sobre la integración regional, con tres volúmenes adicionales en la colección Gridale en lo que serán veintiún tomos con aportes al conocimiento del estado de la integración. El presente tomo aporta reflexiones sobre la conveniencia de considerar las ideas fundacionales de la integración europea para aplicarlas en el actual contexto latinoamericano. A partir del institucionalismo se explican los cambios institucionales producidos en la ASEAN y el Mercosur, debido a las crisis económicas de finales del siglo XX y la crisis financiera global del 2008; asimismo, se aborda el impacto de los cambios de los contextos tanto global como regional en los procesos de integración latinoamericanos; las deficiencias en el proceso de la Unasur y la conveniencia de nuevas estrategias y posibles reformas; la revisión de mecanismos existentes en el derecho comunitario de la integración centroamericana en el SICA; y el análisis de situaciones de posible mejoramiento en las relaciones entre la Unión Europea y América Latina, desde las políticas económicas mediante el Acuerdo UE-Mercosur, en un mapa político de América Latina reconfigurado y con el conocimiento de avances reglamentarios en la integración europea para el funcionamiento del mercado interior.
Monitoring the trends in emissions from coal-fired power stations in Lephalale (Limpopo) during the 2010-2022 period using remotely sensed data
Authors: Keli Zizipho , Mhangara Paidamwoyo , Shikwambana Lerato
Published: February 2025

This study uses datasets from the Sentinel-5P, Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Goddard Earth Observing System with Chemistry Model (GEOS-Chem) to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the town of Lephalale, South Africa. Lephalale has two active coal-fired power stations which continuously releases SO2, NO2, CO2 and CO. Within the 2010-2022 period of the study, it was found that SO2 and NO2 had the most significant trend of increase from 2010-2019, and decreased from 2020-2021 due to the COVID-19 global pandemic. CO2 and CO kept a fluctuating trend between the 2010-2022 study period. The results of the study showed that the poor air quality in Lephalale is consequential of these emissions by coal combustion. Most importantly, if no mitigation measures are taken and strictly followed by coal mines and electricity generators, the lives of the people in and around Lephalale and Limpopo province will be severely affected.
Piglet nursing location along the sow udder line affects piglet weight gain and subsequent weaning weight
Authors:   University of Kentucky, Dierking Shannon , Monegue Harold J ,   University of Kentucky, Lindemann Merlin ,   University of Kentucky
Published: February 2025

Background: There is a linear correlation between piglet weaning weight and average daily gain in the post nursery period. A key factor that influences piglet weight gain during lactation is milk intake, and the variation that results in piglet weaning weight is hypothesized to be to some degree a result of differences in milk production by individual mammary glands. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the impact of piglet nursing location throughout lactation and its impact on piglet weaning weight, with a secondary objective determining the impact of piglet birthweight on nursing location selection. Methods: Teat pairs were labeled from anterior to posterior (1-7). A total of 1,078 individual piglets were observed; nursing observations were recorded at three timepoints, typically within the same day to verify each piglet’s nursing location during the lactation period. All data was analyzed with the individual piglet as the experimental unit. Results: The teat pair that piglets nursed during lactation impacted their overall weaning weight (P < 0.01). Numerically heavier piglets were weaned from the anterior teats (teat pairs 1-4: 5.915-6.129 kg), with the heaviest piglets weaned from teat pair 4 (6.129 kg), and the lightest weaned pigs located at teat pair 7 (5.131 kg; teat pairs 5-7: 5.764-5.131 kg). Piglet gain and, thus, subsequent weaning weight was ultimately impacted by their chosen nursing location along the udder line. Within this study, it appears that the first four pairs of anterior teats produced the heaviest weaning weight, but when piglet birthweight is accounted for, the output and nutritional value of milk may be similar, as the average gain was not different across the first four pairs of teats. In contrast, the piglets nursing the posterior pairs five through seven had overall reduced growth characteristics, which may indicate that piglets lighter at birth are pushed to the more posterior teats. Conclusion: An understanding of how milk quantity and quality may differ along the udder line will be necessary for large litters in providing teat access that provides the best opportunity for piglet growth.
Word-producing Metaphor in the History of the Russian Language: Dynamic Aspect
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kozinetz S.B.
Published: February 2025

Basing on the analysis of dictionary materials, the article looks into the dynamics of word-producing
metaphor from XI to XX century, elucidating the main trends in its development: the trend for
anthropocentrism, the evolution in the direction of low register, stabilization of characterization
function.
Team-Based Learning in Electrical Engineering Classes
Authors: Ferro Alana de O. , Fontes Márcilio B. , Mota Denisia de V. , Texeira Vanessa S. de C. , Moreira Adson B.
Published: February 2025

The Electrical Machines course requires dedication from students, which is essential for their professional qualification because several economic sectors such as industrial and commercial use electrical machines to drive loads. Aiming the training process of engineering students to encompass the development of technical skills, cognitive skills, and methodological skills, the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) for Engineering courses in Brazil were revised and published to stimulate institutions to adopt active learning methods. This article presents the results of the Team-Based Learning application in the Electrical Machines Classes. In this research, the strategy was used to improve the learning of the students and develop collaborative work skills. From the analysis of the students’ grades obtained in the academic exams from 2010 to 2022 in the Electrical Machine Course of the Federal University of Ceará - Campus Sobral, the topics of Direct Current Machines, Three-phase Transformers, and Synchronous Machines were selected for applying the methodology in 2023. The result is the improvement and leveling of grades in the 2023 semesters.
Terrible Triad Injury in a Skeletally Immature Patient
Authors: Lavoie-Gagné Ophélie , de Klerk Huub , Tuaño Krystle R. , Bhashyam Abhiram R.
Published: February 2025

Case:

A 7-year-old girl presented with an elbow terrible triad injury (coronoid fracture, Salter-Harris IV radial head fracture, and lateral collateral ligament avulsion) diagnosed after magnetic resonance imaging was obtained to evaluate subtle subluxation on radiographs. The patient underwent physeal-sparing fixation using the anconeus-extensor carpi ulnaris interval. One year postoperatively, she had full, stable symmetric range of motion compared with the contralateral side without complication.

Conclusion:

Pediatric terrible triad injuries are rare, are easily missed, and have poor results after late reconstruction. Subtle radiographic abnormalities may benefit from evaluation with advanced imaging since early diagnosis and treatment can lead to excellent results as demonstrated in this case.
The needs, preferences, and experiences of LGBT+ people living with dementia: A systematic review with thematic synthesis
Authors: Chidiac Claude , Walshe Catherine , Lowers Jane , Preston Nancy
Published: February 2025

Background
LGBT+ people are disproportionately at an increased risk for developing dementia. Dementia can compound the impact of stigma and social marginalisation experienced by LGBT+ people, and is likely to create barriers to accessing healthcare services. Understanding the needs, preferences, and experiences of LGBT+ people with dementia will help support high quality individualised care. The aim of this review is to explore and synthesise the evidence on the needs, preferences, and experiences of LGBT+ people with dementia.
Methods
Systematic review with thematic synthesis. The search strategy combined concepts of gender and sexual minorities, and dementia. MEDLINE Complete, PsycInfo, CINHAL, and Academic Search Ultimate were searched until March 2024. Relevant published papers in the English language were included, regardless of design or type. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Out of 1537 initial titles, 17 papers were included. Majority were published in the UK (n=8), followed by USA (n=5), Canada (n=2), and Australia (n=2). Of 17 papers, two were empirical qualitative studies, one was empirical quantitative study, one used a subset of qualitative data from a previous study alongside other sources (literature review, reflection, policy) for data analysis, and 13 papers were non-empirical. Four themes were identified:
1. Oppression, discrimination, and stigmatisation of the present are compounded by the past
2. Maintaining personhood: The intersection of an LGBT+ identity and dementia
3. Access to love, intimacy, and social networks act as a buffer to the added stressors
4. ‘Outed by dementia’: Safety and control in identity disclosure and expression
Conclusion
The robustness of the science is weak regarding the needs, preferences, and experiences of LGBT+ people with dementia. Designing and implementing dementia related policies through a queer intersectional lens, alongside embedded cultural safety education programmes are needed. Further research that includes the voice of LGBT+ people with dementia coupled with healthcare professionals’ perspective is needed.
Anesthetic management of a complex spine surgery in a thalassemia patient: a path less travelled!
Authors: Naz Anjum , Sarkar Soumya , Dandapat Saswat
Published: February 2025

Spinal extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) a rare complication of Hb E/β-thalassemia can result in compressive myelopathy, posing serious neurological risks, particularly in the thoracic spine. We present the case of a 32-year-old male with Hb E/β-thalassaemia who developed spastic paraplegia due to compressive myelopathy from thoracic epidural EMH refractory to radiotherapy. The patient had severe hypochromic microcytic anemia (Hb 7.3 g/dL), elevated serum iron, and significant spinal canal narrowing from D4-D10 on MRI. The patient underwent surgical decompression under general anesthesia with special considerations, including careful airway management, prone positioning, and restrictive transfusion protocols to avoid increased blood viscosity and exaggerated hemolysis. This case highlights the multifaceted challenges of managing thoracic EMH in Hb E/β-thalassaemia, including ineffective erythropoiesis, hypercoagulability, and anemia. The use of tranexamic acid plays a key role in reducing the amount of intraoperative bleeding and mitigating the risk of hyperfibrinolysis in a prothrombotic condition. The Individualized anesthetic and surgical strategies were crucial for significant neurological recovery and improved quality of life of the patient.
De Novo Design and Evolution of an Artificial Metathase for Cytoplasmic Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Ward Thomas , Zou Zhi , Kalvet Indrek , Lozhkin Boris , Morris Elinor , Zhang Kailin , Chen Dongping , Ernst Marco , Zhang Xiang , Baker David
Published: February 2025

Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) present a promising avenue for abiotic catalysis within living systems. However, their in vivo application is currently limited by critical challenges, particularly in selecting suitable protein scaffolds capable of binding abiotic cofactors and maintaining catalytic activity in complex media. Herein, we address these limitations by introducing an artificial metathase—an artificial metalloenzyme designed for ring-closing metathesis (RCM)— for whole cell biocatalysis. Our approach integrates a tailored metal cofactor into a hyper-stable, de novo designed protein. By combining computational design with genetic optimization, a binding affinity (KD ≤ 0.2 μM) between the protein scaffold and cofactor is achieved through supramolecular anchoring. Directed evolution of the artificial metathase yielded variants exhibiting excellent catalytic performance (TON ≥ 1000) and biocompatibility. This work represents a pronounced leap in the de novo design and in vivo engineering of artificial metalloenzymes, paving the way for abiological catalysis in living systems.
Solo or team? A meta-analysis of individual vs. group-based studies on physical activity, functional, psychosocial, and health outcomes.
Authors: Kritz Marlene , Ridell Ηugh , Olsen Daryn , Harden Samantha , Burke Shauna , Ntoumanis Nikos , Thøgersen-Ntoumani Cecilie
Published: February 2025

Social influences, such as group dynamics, social norms, and peer support are assumed to influence physical activity (PA). Burke et al. (2006) found that “true groups” (i.e., those using group dynamics principles) had advantages over other group conditions in terms of PA. Given technological advances and the rise of virtual exercise platforms, we aimed to update and extend these findings. We conducted a meta-analysis of 71 studies (523 effect sizes), primarily experimental (95%), comparing individual and group-based PA conditions on outcomes including PA levels, functional assessments (e.g., flexibility, strength), psychosocial measures (e.g., quality of life, loneliness), and health indices (e.g., body mass index). Using a three-level random-effects model, group-based conditions showed a small but non-significant advantage over individual conditions for PA (g = .071, p = .642), psychosocial (g = .292, p = .214), and health outcomes (g = .125, p = .096). For functional outcomes, a small but significant advantage for groups emerged after outlier removal (g = .164, p = .015). Moderation analysis showed that different types of groups resulted in similar outcomes. The only exception was for “true groups”, whose effect size predicting health outcomes was larger compared to the effect sizes for other group types. Both individual and group -based approaches (in-person or online) may be effective for PA promotion. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms that optimise each approach for specific populations and settings.
Review registration: Registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021271452)
Possible causes of false general relativity violations in gravitational wave observations
Authors: Gupta Anuradha , Arun K. G. , Barausse Enrico , Bernard Laura , Berti Emanuele , Bhat Sajad A. , Buonanno Alessandra , Cardoso Vitor , Cheung Shun Yin , Clarke Teagan A. , Datta Sayantani , Dhani Arnab , Ezquiaga Jose María , Gupta Ish , Guttman Nir , Hinderer Tanja , Hu Qian , Janquart Justin , Johnson-McDaniel Nathan , Kashyap Rahul , Krishnendu N. V. , Lasky Paul D. , Lundgren Andrew , Maggio Elisa , Mahapatra Parthapratim , Maselli Andrea , Narayan Purnima , Nielsen Alex B. , Nuttall Laura K. , Pani Paolo , Passenger Lachlan , Payne Ethan , Pompili Lorenzo , Reali Luca , Saini Pankaj , Samajdar Anuradha , Tiwari Shubhanshu , Tong Hui , Van Den Broeck Chris , Yagi Kent , Yang Huan , Yunes Nicolas , Sathyaprakash B. S.
Published: February 2025

General relativity (GR) has proven to be a highly successful theory of gravity since its inception. The theory has thrivingly passed numerous experimental tests, predominantly in weak gravity, low relative speeds, and linear regimes, but also in the strong-field and very low-speed regimes with binary pulsars. Observable gravitational waves (GWs) originate from regions of spacetime where gravity is extremely strong, making them a unique tool for testing GR, in previously inaccessible regions of large curvature, relativistic speeds, and strong gravity. Since their first detection, GWs have been extensively used to test GR, but no deviations have been found so far. Given GR’s tremendous success in explaining current astronomical observations and laboratory experiments, accepting any deviation from it requires a very high level of statistical confidence and consistency of the deviation across GW sources. In this paper, we compile a comprehensive list of potential causes that can lead to a false identification of a GR violation in standard tests of GR on data from current and future ground-based GW detectors. These causes include detector noise, signal overlaps, gaps in the data, detector calibration, source model inaccuracy, missing physics in the source and in the underlying environment model, source misidentification, and mismodeling of the astrophysical population. We also provide a rough estimate of when each of these causes will become important for tests of GR for different detector sensitivities. We argue that each of these causes should be thoroughly investigated, quantified, and ruled out before claiming a GR violation in GW observations.
Van gelijke kansen naar gelijke uitkomsten: Toekomstscenario’s met brede welvaart
Authors: Brouwer Aleid
Published: February 2025

De oratie van professor Aleid Brouwer, getiteld *Van gelijke kansen naar gelijke uitkomsten*, behandelt het concept van brede welvaart en de noodzaak van structurele veranderingen om ongelijkheid tegen te gaan. Ze stelt dat kansengelijkheid niet voldoende is; er moet worden gestreefd naar uitkomstengelijkheid, zodat iedereen daadwerkelijk kan profiteren van dezelfde mogelijkheden.

Brede welvaart omvat meer dan alleen economische groei en wordt in acht dimensies gemeten, waaronder gezondheid, onderwijs, sociale cohesie en milieu. Brouwer pleit voor een holistische benadering waarbij zowel objectieve als subjectieve maatstaven worden gebruikt om beleid te vormen dat regionaal en toekomstgericht is. Ze bekritiseert het huidige beleid dat zich te veel richt op korte termijn en economische groei (BBP), zonder rekening te houden met duurzame en sociale indicatoren.

Ze verwijst naar utopische toekomstscenario’s, zoals die in *Star Trek*, waarin materiële schaarste is overwonnen en mensen werken vanuit intrinsieke motivatie. Hoewel deze visie ver weg lijkt, benadrukt ze dat een eerlijke verdeling van middelen en een post-groeieconomie noodzakelijk zijn om de samenleving inclusiever en duurzamer te maken.

Brouwer introduceert methoden zoals scenario-workshops en participatieve evaluaties om beleidsmakers te helpen brede welvaart beter te integreren. Ze concludeert dat systeemverandering vereist is, waarbij de nadruk ligt op bestaanszekerheid, sociale gelijkheid en een herwaardering van wat als welvaart wordt beschouwd.
Geological Position of Rare-Metal Pegmatites of the Laghman Granitoid Complex, Afghanistan
Authors: Evdokimov A. , Yosufzai Ataullah
Published: February 2025

Rare-metal pegmatites containing industrial concentrations of lithium, tantalum, niobium, cesium, beryllium, and tin are becoming increasingly important as raw material objects for the production of electrical equipment, batteries, and electronics. In this context, studying the patterns of their geological and structural setting is highly relevant, as it allows the identification of prospecting criteria to discover new resource-bearing sites and expand the reserves of known rare-metal pegmatite deposits in the Nuristan zone of northeastern Afghanistan. Here, pegmatite fields are spatially associated with the Oligocene granites of the Laghman complex and are located in the provinces of Afghanistan: Nuristan, Kunar, Laghman, Kabul, Nangarhar, Kapisa, Panjshir, and Badakhshan. They have been known since ancient times as sources of gemstones and mica. The Laghman granitoid complex is characterized by the sequential intrusion of three intrusive phases: 1 – diorites, quartz diorites, granodiorites, and plagiogranites; 2 – porphyritic biotite granites, amphibolebiotite granites, and granodiorites; 3 – two mica and biotite granites, granite porphyries, aplite, and pegmatoid granites. Rare-metal pegmatites are confined to the third phase of the Laghman granite intrusion. Here, granites are characterized by heterogeneous texture, from granoblastic to granitic, with fragments of aplitic and poikilitic texture. The host rocks of pegmatites are Triassic phyllite-like quartz-mica schists and Proterozoic gneisses and quartzites. Additionally, pegmatites are found within intrusive rocks, specifically within gabbro-diorites massifs of the Nilaw complex. The morphology of the bodies of rare-metal pegmatites is diverse. Veins with swells and plate-like bodies predominate, while lens-shaped forms and irregularly oriented veins are less common. The thickness of pegmatite veins ranges from 1 to 60 m, and their length varies from tens of meters to 2–5 km. It is assumed that the formation of the Laghman granitoid complex is a consequence of the collision of the Indian continent with Eurasia.
Assessment of Trade Performance and Growth Potential of Lemongrass Oil Export in India
Authors: Choudhri Harendra Pratap Singh , Verma Deepak Kumar , Sharma Ram Suresh , Kumar Sanjay
Published: February 2025

The present study aimed to analyze the growth and potential of lemongrass oil exports over twenty years from 2003–04 to 2022–23 across India. The growth and potential of lemongrass oil were estimated based on secondary data of EXIM in quantity and value obtained from the Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India for twenty years using statistical tools like the growth model and Cuddy-Della Valle index. Among the top ten countries or destinations of India’s lemongrass oil export were the maximum shares (quantity and value) of importing countries i.e. USA followed by China PRP and Germany. The compound growth rate of the last twenty years both in quantity and value of lemongrass oil were analyzed 16.08 and 25.20% and the variation was 72.73% in quantity and 102.03% in value respectively, indicating the good potential and sustainable supply of Indian lemongrass oil in the world market. The continuously increasing domestic and global demand for lemongrass oil has good opportunities for earning foreign exchange and promotion in the Indian Aroma industry. The area under lemongrass cultivation provided employment opportunities for rural people especially agricultural workers and resource-poor people. It also offered a sustainable source of round-the-year income, better options for crop diversification, and utilization of marginal land.