bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Foot Massage Therapy Procedures Using Lavender Essential Oil on Clients With Hypertension in RT 001 RW 01 Baru Village, Pasar Rebo District, East Jakarta
Authors: Resmiari Resmiati , Handayani Nurhayati Dwi , Violita Violita , Suciyatiningrum Risma
Published: September 2021

Background: Hypertension is one of the main problems in the world of health in Indonesia and the world. According to WHO (2011) there are 1 billion people in the world suffer from hypertension and 2/3 of them are in developing countries. This condition requires pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment. One of them, giving foot massage therapy using lavender essential oil.
Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying foot massage procedures using lavender essential oil on hypertensive clients.
Methods: This study uses a qualitative design to describe in-depth information about the application of foot massage therapy procedures using lavender essential oil on clients who have hypertension.
Result: Foot massage is done using lavender essential oil for 15-20 minutes 2 x 1 day. Although the nursing problems are the same, the end result is different. After 3 days of intervention, there was a decrease in blood pressure in Mr D from 150/90 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg with a scale of pain from 4 to 0. While in Mr. S from 170/100 mmHg to 150/90 mmHg with a scale of pain from 5 to 1. Mr. D has decreased blood pressure more optimally than Mr. S because you do therapy regularly.
Conclusion: of the study is that foot massage therapy using lavender essential oil can reduce the value of blood pressure and the scale of pain. This therapy is effective if done routinely and client can take advantage of health facilities.
The Relationship between the Long-Time Undergoing Hemodialysis with Self Concept in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stadium III Patients
Authors: Urmila Komang , Wulandari Ni Putu Dita
Published: September 2021

Background: Adolescents face the problem of bullying, they need social support from those around them to have confidence in their abilities.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and social support with bullying in adolescents at Junior High School 2 Sepatan, Tangerang Regency.
Methods: The research design is cross-sectional using the spearman correlation test to analyze the relationship between variables. The sampling technique was simple random sampling with 127 respondents. The instrument uses a self-efficacy questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and The revised Olweus Bully or Victim Questionnaire.
Results: There is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and bullying (p-value 0.031) and there is a significant relationship between social support and bullying (p-value 0.001).
Conclusion: There is a relationship between self-efficacy and social support for victims of bullying in adolescents. This study is also useful for parents that teenagers need support in getting through the effects of bullying.
Економічні ефекти прямого іноземного інвестування на ринки приймаючих країн
Authors: Михальченко І. Г.
Published: September 2021

У глобальних умовах розвитку пряме іноземне інвестування відіграє ключову роль для країн, що розвиваються, оскільки впливає на їх економічний розвиток та структурні реформи. Головними інвесторами на ринку приймаючих країн є транснаціональні корпорації, країнами базування яких є країни високого рівня розвитку. Актуальним вважаємо питання моделювання загального впливу прямого інвестування на секторальні ринки приймаючих країн у цілому.

Метою статті є діагностика безпосередніх та другорядних економічних ефектів прямого інвестування на ринки приймаючих країн.

Методи дослідження включають методи наукового узагальнення, спостереження, синтезу для виявлення ключових факторів впливу прямого іноземного інвестування; статистичні та аналітичні методи узагальнення інформації; моделювання – для встановлення функціональних взаємозв’язків економічних ефектів прямого інвестування ТНК та підвищення у цілому економічного добробуту ринкового приймаючого сектору.

Результати статті полягають у теоретичному узагальненні принципів впливу ТНК на ринки приймаючих країн. Надано спробу розробити модель впливу прямого інвестування на приймаючий ринок з урахуванням прямих та другорядних ефектів. Проаналізовано вплив ТНК на економічне зростання України на прикладі ТНК «Coca-Cola». Інвестиції «Coca-Cola» у місцеве виробництво сприяли розвитку харчового сектору в Україні.

Результати дослідження довели, що пряме інвестування здійснює позитивний вплив від безпосередньої діяльності компанії, підвищує економічне зростання супутніх підприємств на ринку, які виступають її торговельними партнерами та постачальниками. Отже, відбувається зростання всього ринкового сектору, куди направляються інвестиції. ТНК як основні вкладники у розвиваючі ринки приймаючих країн позитивно впливають на її економічний розвиток, підвищуючи рівень ВВП, забезпечуючи робочими місцями, здійснюючи регулярні податкові платежі та підвищуючи доходи громадян, що безпосередньо продемонстровано в результаті аналізу діяльності «Coca-Cola» в Україні.
Morphological and Biochemical Constituents Influencing Aphids and Whiteflies Tolerance in Tomato Genotypes
Authors: Anu BC , Saha T , Akhtar S , Kumari K
Published: September 2021

Effects of morphological and biochemical constituents on the population of sucking insect pests infesting tomato plant were evaluated. Among the twenty genotypes evaluated under field condition at different seasons (summer, kharif, rabi), it revealed that the genotypes namely BRDT-1, EC 620421, Solanum peruvianum, EC 538455 and S. cheesmaniae had minimum number of aphid and whitefly population throughout all the three seasons due to their morphological traits like more trichome density and thick stem diameter as well as the presence of biochemical attributes like phenol and tannins which were present in those genotypes at higher concentration. The higher content of leaf chlorophyll had resistance effect against the population of aphid and whitefly, while total sugar content did not have any significant effect on resistance.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 483-489, 2021 (September)
Estimation of Heterosis in Okra [Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench] for Fruit Yield and Its Components Through Line × Tester Mating Design
Authors: Karadi Shivappa M , Hanchinamani CN
Published: September 2021

Estimation the magnitude of heterosis for yield and yield contributing parameters of Okra was conducted. Fifty-four F1 hybrids were generated by line x tester mating design. These F1s along with 21 parents and commercial check (Mhyco-10) were evaluated in a randomized block design with two replications. Analysis of variance with respect to yield and quality characters in parents and hybrids were highly significant. This indicates the existence of high variation in parents and hybrids for different characters studied. Out of 54 cross combinations, seven crosses revealed the significant and positive heterosis over better parent. While 11 crosses showed positive and significant heterosis over economic parent. It is pertinent to mention that the crop has potential to produce the heterotic cross combinations and such crosses can be used for further improvement of this crop. Five crosses, namely L43 × T44, L22 × T36, L22 × T44, L53 × T36 and L31 × T23 were found to be potential for the production of fruit yield per plant and other desired characters. The high heterosis and per se performance was found in hybrid L43 × T44 over both better parents and standard check for fruit yield per plant. This indicates that the cross can be exploited commercially.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 531-540, 2021 (September)
Monitoring the incidence and causes of disease potentially transmitted by food in Australia: Annual report of the OzFoodNet network, 2016
Authors:   The OzFoodNet Working Group
Published: September 2021

In 2016, a total of 44,455 notifications of enteric diseases potentially related to food were received by state and territory health departments in Australia. Consistent with previous years, campylobacteriosis (n = 24,171) and salmonellosis (n = 18,060) were the most frequently-notified infections. Notable increases in incidence were observed for shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (n = 343; 166% increase), shigellosis (n = 1,408; 93% increase), campylobacteriosis (33% increase) and salmonellosis (30% increase) when compared with the historical five-year mean. The extent to which the introduction of culture-independent testing as a method of diagnosis has contributed to these increases remains unclear. In total, 188 gastrointestinal outbreaks, including 177 foodborne outbreaks, were reported in 2016. The 11 non-foodborne outbreaks were due to environmental or probable environmental transmission (nine outbreaks) and animal-to-person or probable animal-to-person transmission (two outbreaks). No outbreaks of waterborne or probable waterborne transmission were reported in 2016. Foodborne outbreaks affected 3,639 people, resulting in at least 348 hospital admissions and four deaths. Eggs continue to be a source of Salmonella Typhimurium infection across the country: 35 egg-related outbreaks, affecting approximately 510 people, were reported across six jurisdictions in 2016. Three large multi-jurisdictional Salmonella outbreaks associated with mung bean sprouts (n = 419 cases); bagged salad products (n = 311 cases); and rockmelons (n = 144 cases) were investigated in 2016. These outbreaks highlight the risks associated with fresh raw produce and the ongoing need for producers, retailers and consumers to implement strategies to reduce potential Salmonella contamination.
Dinero electrónico e inclusión financiera en el sistema financiero ecuatoriano
Authors: Flores-Ibadango Mauricio , Simbaña-Benalcázar Edison
Published: September 2021

En la última década el sistema financiero ecuatoriano ha registrado un incremento exponencial en la utilización de herramientas disruptivas, lo cual aboca a preguntarse acerca si el dinero electrónico podría ser utilizado como una arista en la profundización de un sistema económico social y solidario, en el que prevalezca el ser humano por sobre el capital, con un enfoque vanguardista de inclusión y equidad, que permita incrementar el acceso a los servicios financieros, con la finalidad de cerrar brechas sociales, a través de la inclusión financiera, aprovechando así la revolución financiera, que conlleva a la generación de una alternativa económica y segura para los usuarios financieros, en la cual se encuentra implícita las Fintech y los conglomerados de Blockchain, lo cual emerge como el futuro para las transacciones con una base tecnológica de mayor alcance, no solo nacional sino internacional, en beneficio de las personas que más lo necesitan, mejorando así su calidad de vida, lo cual contribuirá en garantizar el buen vivir de toda la población.
MAKEDONYUSÇULAR YA DA PNEUMATOMACHİ’LERİN (RUH’LA SAVAŞANLAR) KUTSAL RUH HAKKINDAKİ GÖRÜŞLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: KAYMAZ Yunus
Published: September 2021

4. yüzyıl, kilise içerisinde sadece kristolojik tartışmaların yoğun bir şekilde cereyan ettiği bir dönem olmamış aynı zamanda Kutsal Ruh meselesi ile alakalı da önemli hadiselerin yaşandığı bir dönem olarak kayda geçmiştir. Bu anlamda Kutsal Ruh, kristolojik tartışmalardan sonra kiliseyi en çok meşgul eden tartışma konularından bir tanesi olmuştur. Araştırmamızın temel konusu Kutsal Ruh’un müstakil bir mesele olarak gündeme geldiği dördüncü yüzyılın ikinci yarısındaki tartışmaların görünen müsebbibi olan Makedonyusçulardır. Çalışmamızda bu grubun kökeni, tarihsel gelişimi, lider isimleri ve temel düşüncelerini ele alacağız. Temel kaynaklarımız, bu hadiselerin yaşandığı döneme şahit olmuş, hatta bu tartışmaların bizzat içerisinde yer almış kilise babalarının eserleri olacaktır. Oldukça muğlak bir oluşum olan bu grubu incelemeye öncelikle isminden başlayacak, ardından Makedonyusçuluğun tarihsel sürecini ve en nihayetinde temel düşüncelerini ele alarak makalemizi sonlandıracağız.
Bilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Associated with Sepsis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jin , Ahn Seong Ki , Yim Chae Dong , Hur Dong Gu
Published: September 2021

Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is rare and usually indicates a serious systemic pathology. We describe an unusual case of bilateral SSNHL caused by sepsis. A 28-year-old female complained of acute-onset bilateral hearing impairment; in addition to otological symptoms, she had a systemic condition that met the criteria for sepsis. We performed a physical examination and laboratory tests to diagnose sepsis. Pure tone audiogram and videonystagmography were performed to evaluate the otological symptoms. Intravenous antibiotics and high-dose methylprednisolone were prescribed for treatment, and audiogram was repeated during that period. The fever subsided and the vital signs were stabilized. The electrolyte imbalance and abnormal urine parameters became normal. Hearing gradually recovered to a normal level on day 7 of hospitalization. In conclusion, sepsis should be considered as a cause of SSNHL. When conducting a detailed examination of patients with bilateral SSNHL, the clinician should consider systemic disease.
Investigação das alterações na percepção temporal pela presença de altos níveis de dependência de smartphone
Authors: Castellon Luís Augusto Soares , Cavalcanti Jonathan Bento , Souza Renato Américo Dantas Camilo de , Dantas Fábio Galvão
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Investigou-se a correlação entre a construção da percepção do tempo e de altos níveis de dependência de Smartphone, em estudantes universitários de Campina Grande - PB. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo na área de psicologia cognitiva, de natureza quantitativa e experimental. A pesquisa foi realizada de forma virtual, na plataforma Google Forms, pela aplicação de  I-) Questionário socioeconômico; II-) Escala de Dependência de Smartphone (EDS); III-) Apresentação de estímulo padronizado (466 segundos); IV-) Questionário sobre a percepção do estímulo. As variáveis foram analisadas no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) – versão 20.0. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 155 estudantes, sendo 115 do gênero feminino (74,2%) e 40 do masculino (25,8%), com a média de idade de 21,5 anos. Para fins deste artigo, comparou-se o grupo sem dependência com o que apresentou alto nível de dependência. Através da EDS, observou-se que 41 (26,45%) dos participantes não apresentaram dependência de Smartphone e 33 (21,29%) apresentaram alto nível. A estimativa média do grupo sem dependência foi de 409s para o estímulo apresentado, enquanto a do grupo com alto nível de dependência foi de 523s (27,8% maior). O teste exato de Fisher indica correlação significativa (X²(4) = 20,373, p < 0,001) entre a percepção da duração do tempo do estímulo e alto nível de dependência de Smartphone. Conclusão: O grupo com alto nível de dependência de Smartphone apresentou percepção aumentada de duração do tempo em relação ao grupo sem dependência.
Beyond the Basics of Emotions
Authors: Bloomfield Paul
Published: September 2021

While emotions can play positive, contributory roles in our cognition and our lives, they frequently have the opposite effect. Michael Brady’s otherwise excellent introduction to the topic of emotion is unbalanced because he does not attend to harms emotions cause. The basic problem is that emotions have a normative aspect: they can be justified or unjustified and Brady does not attend to this. An example of this is Brady’s discussion of curiosity as the emotional motivation for knowledge. More importantly, while emotions can and sometimes do reveal to us what we value, it is far less frequent that emotions reveal objective value.
Periprosthetic osteolysis and its association with RANKL expression
Authors: Veigl D , Niederlová J , Kryštůfková O
Published: September 2021

Extensive osteolysis adjacent to orthopedic implants is often associated with wear particles of prosthetic material. The activation of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system is considered to be a likely cause of periprosthetic osteolysis leading to implant failure. The aim of this study was to examine the possible correlation between the clinical extent of osteolysis, the number of wear particles and expression of the osteoclastic mediator RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand) in the tissues around aseptically loosened cemented and non-cemented total hip replacements. Periprosthetic tissues were harvested from 59 patients undergoing revision of hip replacement for aseptic loosening. We observed RANKL-positive cells in 23 of our 59 patients, their presence was noted predominantly in tissues with a loosened cemented endoprosthesis. We have found that RANKL is present only in tissues with a large amount of wear debris and predominantly in cases involving loosened cemented implants.
Role of brain angiotensin AT1 receptor in the carbachol-induced natriuresis and expression of nNOS in the locus coeruleus and proximal convoluted tubule.
Authors: Wang M , Jiang C , Wang C , Yao Q
Published: September 2021

Central administration of losartan effectively blocked the increase of blood pressure and drinking response induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) or carbachol. However, the relationship between angiotensin AT(1) receptors and the natriuresis induced by brain cholinergic stimuli is still not clear. The purpose of the study is to reveal the role of brain angiotensin AT(1) receptor in the carbachol-induced natriuresis and expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the locus coeruleus (LC) and proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). Our results indicated that 40 min after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of carbachol (0.5 microg), urinary sodium excretion was significantly increased to 0.548+/-0.049 micromol x min(-1) x 100 g(-1). Immunohistochemistry showed that carbachol induced an increase of neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity (nNOS-IR) in the LC and renal proximal tubular cells. After pretreatment with losartan (20 microg), carbachol-induced urinary sodium excretion was reduced to 0.249+/-0.067 micromol x min(-1) x 100 g(-1). The same was true for carbachol-induced increase of nNOS-IR in the LC and PCT. The present data suggest that ICV cholinergic stimulation could induce a natriuresis and upregulate the activity of nNOS in the LC and PCT. The blockade of AT(1) receptors might downregulate the effects induced by carbachol in the LC and PCT. Consequently, we provide a new evidence that brain angiotensinergic pathway and NO-dependent neural pathway contribute to the natriuresis following brain cholinergic stimulation and thus play an important role in the regulation of fluid homeostasis. Furthermore, the final effect of nitric oxide on proximal tubular sodium reabsorption participated in the natriuresis induced by brain cholinergic stimulation.
Raloxifen prevents bone loss in castrated male mice
Authors: Broulík PD , Broulíková K
Published: September 2021

Raloxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator which prevents bone loss in ovariectomized female mice in a fashion similar to estrogens. Since testosterone-deficient male mice also lose bone mass, we were interested in testing the effects of raloxifen on bones in intact and castrated male mice. Bone density was significantly reduced in castrated animals (1.36+/-0.04 g/ml) as compared to intact animals (1.42+/-0.03 g/ml) (p<0.01). When castrated mice with extraordinarily low concentrations of testosterone and with reduced weight of seminal vesicles were treated with raloxifen, the changes in bone density and bone minerals resulting from castration (1.36+/-0.04 g/ml) were entirely prevented (1.40+/-0.01 g/ml). Cortical bone was lost in orchidectomized mice, and this decrease in cortical thickness of the femur was prevented by raloxifen administration. Raloxifen in a dose used in humans for treatment of osteoporosis decreased the weight of seminal vesicles, an organ which is highly sensitive to the androgenic effect, decreased the concentration of testosterone (12.5+/-2.8 micromol/l) (p<0.01) but not to the same level as in the case of castrated animals (0.6+/-0.3 micromol/l), and did not have any effect on bone density or mineral content in intact mice. The results of the present study may thus be interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that raloxifen is an effective agent against the deleterious effects of castration-induced osteopenia in male mice and also support the hypothesis that estrogens may have physiological skeletal effects in male mice.
White adipose tissue: storage and effector site for environmental pollutants.
Authors: Müllerová D , Kopecký J
Published: September 2021

White adipose tissue (WAT) represents a reservoir of lipophilic environmental pollutants, especially of those which are resistant to biological and chemical degradation - so-called persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Large amounts of different congeners and isomers of these compounds exhibit a variety of adverse biological effects. Interactions among different classes of compounds, frequently with opposing effects, complicate hazard evaluation and risk assessment. WAT is the key organ for energy homeostasis and it also releases metabolites into the circulation and adipokines with systemic effects on insulin sensitivity and fuel partitioning in muscles and other tissues. Its beneficial role is lost in obesity when excessive accumulation of WAT contributes to severe diseases, such as diabetes. POPs may crossroad or modulate the effect of endogenous ligands of nuclear transcription factors, participating in differentiation, metabolism and the secretory function of adipocytes. These mechanisms include, most importantly: i) endocrine disrupting potency of POPs mixtures on androgen, estrogen or thyroid hormone metabolism/functions in WAT, ii) interference of dioxin-like chemicals with retinoic acid homeostasis, where impact on retinoid receptors is expected, and iii) interaction with transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors is likely. Thus, the accumulation and action of POPs in WAT represents a unitary mechanism explaining, at least in part, the effects of POPs in the whole organism. By modulating WAT differentiation, metabolism and function, the POPs could affect not only the physiological role of WAT, but they may also influence the development of obesity-associated diseases.
Expanding the possibilities of migraine attack relief: effcacy and safety of zolmitriptan and patient reports
Authors: Latysheva N. V. , Filatova E. G. , Berdnikova A. V.
Published: September 2021

A large number of patients are taking triptans due to ineffectiveness or contraindications to the use of non-steroidal anti-inﬂammatory drugs.

Aim. Study of the effcacy and safety of Zolmitriptan-SZ, as well as its comparative analysis with other drugs for the relief of migraine attacks based on patient self-reports.

Materials and methods. In an open, uncontrolled post-marketing observational study of the effcacy and safety of Zolmitripan-SZ for the relief of migraine attacks, 50 patients with migraine were included. All patients were given questionnaires to collect demographic and health information, as well as a diary for two migraine attacks.

Results. The average age of the participants was 40.3 ± 8.5 years (89.5 % were women, 10.5 % were men). After 1 hour, the pain stopped completely in 26.4 % of attacks, after 2 hours – in 78.0 %. Taking into account the return of headache in some patients, after 24 hours 65.9% patients were headache-free. There was also a signifcant reduction in the prevalence of nausea and photo-, phonophobia. Patients reported good effect in 59.6% of attacks and excellent effect in 24.7% of attacks.

Conclusion. Conclusion: Zolmitriptan SZ provides safe and effective migraine attack relief.
Evaluation of platelet parameters in cerebral stroke in patients with HIV infection
Authors: Tarasov D. O. , Lebedev I. A. , Suplotov S. N. , Nesterova O. A. , Tersenov G. O. , Werbach T. E.
Published: September 2021

The article reﬂects the results of studying platelet parameters in HIV-positive patients with different types of stroke.

Aim. To identify changes in laboratory parameters of a complete blood count which characterize the morphofunctional features of platelets in stroke among HIV-positive patients.

Materials and methods. 110 HIV-positive patients who received treatment for stroke in hospitals of the Tyumen region were examined. The study of blood parameters was carried out at the analyzer Sysmex XE2100 (Japan). Blood sampling was carried out on the day of patients admission.

The number of platelets and platelet indices were analyzed: MPV – mean platelet volume, PDW – platelet distribution width, PCT – plateletcrit and P-LCR – platelet large cell ratio. The control group consisted of 117 patients. The signifcance of the differences was determined at the twotailed signifcance level of p < 0.05.

Results. There was a signifcant decrease in the number of platelets (p < 0.05), in average, on 34.3% among patients with hemorrhages and HIV infection. Among patients with ischemic stroke this decrease was less pronounced (p = 0.05). A signifcant decrease in plateletcrit was established among patients with intracranial hemorrhages, while it did not change signifcantly among patients with cerebral infarction. During evaluation of other platelet parameters, no signifcant differences were found between patients in experimental and control groups. The coeffcient of giant platelets prevailed by one and a half times in patients with hemorrhages associated with HIV infection, which turned out to be beyond the statistical signifcance.

Conclusion. The presence of HIV infection leads to a more pronounced, reliable decrease in the number of platelets and plateletcrit among patients that have acute phase of the development of hemorrhagic stroke than in patients with cerebral infarction. The development of intracranial hemorrhage among HIV-positive patients is characterized by an increase of blood platelets with a high volume, the level of which increased by one and a half times being beyond the statistical signifcance and having as a leading mechanism the intensifcation of platelet formation in the bone marrow.
Robin Criterion on Divisibility
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: September 2021

Robin criterion states that the Riemann Hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\sigma(n) < e^{\gamma } \times n \times \log \log n$ holds for all $n > 5040$, where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum-of-divisors function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. We show that the Robin inequality is true for all $n > 5040$ which are not divisible by any prime number between $2$ and $953$. We prove that the Robin inequality holds when $\frac{\pi^{2}}{6} \times \log\log n' \leq \log\log n$ for some $n>5040$ where $n'$ is the square free kernel of the natural number $n$. The possible smallest counterexample $n > 5040$ of the Robin inequality complies that necessarily $(\log n)^{\beta} < 1.2592\times\log(N_{m})$, where $N_{m} = \prod_{i = 1}^{m} q_{i}$ is the primorial number of order $m$ and $\beta = \prod_{i = 1}^{m} \frac{q_{i}^{a_{i}+1}}{q_{i}^{a_{i}+1}-1}$ when $n$ is an Hardy-Ramanujan integer of the form $\prod_{i=1}^{m} q_{i}^{a_{i}}$.
UN PROBLEMA CRÍTICO: LA MALNUTRICIÓN INFANTIL EN BOLÍVAR
Authors:   Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Rivera Vásquez Jairo Israel , Olarte Benavides Stephany Carolina ,   Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Rivera Vásquez Nadya Ximena ,   Universidad UTE
Published: September 2021

Bolívar es una provincia que se ubica en la sierra centro del Ecuador y presenta un panorama crítico en cuanto a la malnutrición infantil. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los determinantes de la malnutrición infantil en esta provincia. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa, aplicada en las Encuestas de Condiciones de vida 1999-2006-2014, a través de un análisis de regresión probabilística en este estudio de tipo descriptivo. Los principales resultados del estudio encuentran que la desnutrición y el sobrepeso se asocian a distintos factores, sociales y personales, los cuales varían en el tiempo. Por una parte, entre los determinantes de la desnutrición infantil está la pobreza, el bajo peso y la educación de la madre. Por su lado, entre los determinantes del sobrepeso infantil está la edad, el carné de salud, si la madre trabaja y el abastecimiento de agua. Con ello, la principal conclusión del estudio es que la malnutrición en Bolívar tiene determinantes heterogéneos que deben ser analizados para el desarrollo de políticas públicas
L BANCO DE GERMOPLASMA COMO INSTRUMENTO CLAVE PARA LA SOBERANÍA ALIMENTARIA
Authors:   Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Arguello Pazmiño Alexandra , Monar Solórzano Manuel ,   Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Alvarado Pacheco Eddy ,   Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Arguello Pazmiño Verónica ,   Universidad Estatal de Bolívar
Published: September 2021

La disminución de la diversidad de las variedades de semillas que sustentan el fortalecimiento de bancos comunitarios de semillas está en peligro, esto se debe a la adquisición de semillas certificadas que han ocasionado la pérdida de muchas variedades propias de la zona. Por otro lado, también se está perdiendo la identidad de la zona como sus costumbres ancestrales de almacenamiento y protección de semillas, provocando un riesgo en la agricultura sostenible puesto que ya muchas semillas que antes se encontraba hoy en día ya no existen. El objetivo que percibe esta investigación es identificar el banco de germoplasma como instrumento clave en el desarrollo como estrategia orientada a la creación de bancos comunitarios que garanticen la sostenibilidad de las semillas en la agricultura y la soberanía alimentaria a partir del análisis de un modelo de gestión que visualice la forma de un banco de germoplasma. En este entorno se ha analizado la situación de los agricultores de una de las Parroquias de la ciudad de Guaranda cuya actividad principal es la agricultura, identificando que muchas variedades de semillas se están perdiendo, llegando a determinar que ciertas variedades de semillas como el frejol, trigo, papa, maíz, haba, alverja se están dejando de producir debido a que ya no se las encuentra sea por pérdida de semilla o su degeneración.
The Effect of Health Literacy Levels on Successful of Smoking Cessation Therapy: A Survey Study
Authors: Akbas Gunes Nurcan , Gucuk Sebahat
Published: September 2021

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of the health literacy levels of patients given smoking cessation treatment on the success of smoking cessation treatment.

Methods: In this study, 152 participants between the ages of 18-70 applied to a tertiary hospital smoking cessation outpatient clinic. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was used to determine the level of cigarette addiction of the participants, and the European Health Literacy Scale was used to evaluate the levels of health literacy.

Results: When the health literacy levels of the participants with cigarette addiction were evaluated, 38 (25%) were inadequate, 64 (42.1%) were problematic. When the participants' smoking cessation status and general health literacy levels were compared, it was found to be statistically significant. It was determined that as the health literacy level increased, the success rates of individuals increased in smoking cessation therapy.

Conclusions: We have shown that increasing the level of health literacy is effective in increasing the success of smoking cessation treatment. Increasing health literacy should be part of the fight against smoking. This effect should be demonstrated by future studies on large populations.

Keywords: smoking cessation, health literacy, addiction
PASS: Protein Annotation Surveillance Site for Protein Annotation Using Homologous Clusters, NLP, and Sequence Similarity Networks
Authors: Tao Jin , Brayton Kelly A. , Broschat Shira L.
Published: September 2021

Advances in genome sequencing have accelerated the growth of sequenced genomes but at a cost in the quality of genome annotation. At the same time, computational analysis is widely used for protein annotation, but a dearth of experimental verification has contributed to inaccurate annotation as well as to annotation error propagation. Thus, a tool to help life scientists with accurate protein annotation would be useful. In this work we describe a website we have developed, the Protein Annotation Surveillance Site (PASS), which provides such a tool. This website consists of three major components: a database of homologous clusters of more than eight million protein sequences deduced from the representative genomes of bacteria, archaea, eukarya, and viruses, together with sequence information; a machine-learning software tool which periodically queries the UniprotKB database to determine whether protein function has been experimentally verified; and a query-able webpage where the FASTA headers of sequences from the cluster best matching an input sequence are returned. The user can choose from these sequences to create a sequence similarity network to assist in annotation or else use their expert knowledge to choose an annotation from the cluster sequences. Illustrations demonstrating use of this website are presented.
“Microbial Wars” in a Stirred Tank Bioreactor: Investigating the Co-Cultures of Streptomyces rimosus and Aspergillus terreus, Filamentous Microorganisms Equipped With a Rich Arsenal of Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Boruta Tomasz , Ścigaczewska Anna , Bizukojć Marcin
Published: September 2021

Microbial co-cultivation is an approach frequently used for the induction of secondary metabolic pathways and the discovery of novel molecules. The studies of this kind are typically focused on the chemical and ecological aspects of inter-species interactions rather than on the bioprocess characterization. In the present work, the co-cultivation of two textbook producers of secondary metabolites, namely Aspergillus terreus (a filamentous fungus used for the manufacturing of lovastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug) and Streptomyces rimosus (an actinobacterial producer of an antibiotic oxytetracycline) in a 5.5-L stirred tank bioreactor was investigated in the context of metabolic production, utilization of carbon substrates and dissolved oxygen levels. The cultivation runs differed in terms of the applied co-culture initiation strategy and the composition of growth medium. All the experiments were performed in three bioreactors running in parallel (corresponding to a co-culture and two respective monoculture controls). The analysis based upon mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography revealed a broad spectrum of more than 40 secondary metabolites, including the molecules identified as the oxidized derivatives of rimocidin and milbemycin that were observed solely under the conditions of co-cultivation. S. rimosus showed a tendency to dominate over A. terreus, except for the runs where S. rimosus was inoculated into the already developed bioreactor cultures of A. terreus. Despite being dominated, the less aggressive strain still had an observable influence on the production of secondary metabolites and the utilization of substrates in co-culture. The monitoring of dissolved oxygen levels was evaluated as a fast approach of identifying the dominant microorganism during the co-cultivation process.
Predominance of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Postmenopausal Women: Intra- and Extra-Cardiomyocyte Maladaptive Alterations Scaffolded by Estrogen Deficiency
Authors: Adekunle Adebayo Oluwafemi , Adzika Gabriel Komla , Mprah Richard , Ndzie Noah Marie Louise , Adu-Amankwaah Joseph , Rizvi Ruqayya , Akhter Nazma , Sun Hong
Published: September 2021

Heart failure (HF) remains a public health concern as it is associated with high morbidity and death rates. In particular, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents the dominant (>50%) form of HF and mostly occurring among postmenopausal women. Hence, the initiation and progression of the left ventricular diastolic dysfunctions (LVDD) (a typically clinical manifestation of HFpEF) in postmenopausal women have been attributed to estrogen deficiency and the loss of its residue cardioprotective effects. In this review, from a pathophysiological and immunological standpoint, we discuss the probable multiple pathomechanisms resulting in HFpEF, which are facilitated by estrogen deficiency. The initial discussions recap estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) and β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) signaling under physiological/pathological states to facilitate cardiac function/dysfunction, respectively. By reconciling these prior discussions, attempts were made to explain how the loss of estrogen facilitates the disruptions both ERs and βARs-mediated signaling responsible for; the modulation of intra-cardiomyocyte calcium homeostasis, maintenance of cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix, the adaptive regulation of coronary microvascular endothelial functions and myocardial inflammatory responses. By scaffolding the disruption of these crucial intra- and extra-cardiomyocyte physiological functions, estrogen deficiency has been demonstrated to cause LVDD and increase the incidence of HFpEF in postmenopausal women. Finally, updates on the advancements in treatment interventions for the prevention of HFpEF were highlighted.
Microtubule Organizing Centers Contain Testis-Specific γ-TuRC Proteins in Spermatids of Drosophila
Authors: Alzyoud Elham , Vedelek Viktor , Réthi-Nagy Zsuzsánna , Lipinszki Zoltán , Sinka Rita
Published: September 2021

Microtubule nucleation in eukaryotes is primarily promoted by γ-tubulin and the evolutionary conserved protein complex, γ-Tubulin Ring Complex (γ-TuRC). γ-TuRC is part of the centrosome and basal body, which are the best-known microtubule-organizing centers. Centrosomes undergo intensive and dynamic changes during spermatogenesis, as they turn into basal bodies, a prerequisite for axoneme formation during spermatogenesis. Here we describe the existence of a novel, tissue-specific γ-TuRC in Drosophila. We characterize three genes encoding testis-specific components of γ-TuRC (t-γ-TuRC) and find that presence of t-γ-TuRC is essential to male fertility. We show the diverse subcellular distribution of the t-γ-TuRC proteins during post-meiotic development, at first at the centriole adjunct and then also on the anterior tip of the nucleus, and finally, they appear in the tail region, close to the mitochondria. We also prove the physical interactions between the t-γ-TuRC members, γ-tubulin and Mozart1. Our results further indicate heterogeneity in γ-TuRC composition during spermatogenesis and suggest that the different post-meiotic microtubule organizing centers are orchestrated by testis-specific gene products, including t-γ-TuRC.
The Prognostic Model Based on Tumor Cell Evolution Trajectory Reveals a Different Risk Group of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Haoren , Yu Shizhe , Cai Qiang , Ma Duo , Yang Lingpeng , Zhao Jian , Jiang Long , Zhang Xinyi , Yu Zhiyong
Published: September 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, and heterogeneity of HCC is the major barrier in improving patient outcome. To stratify HCC patients with different degrees of malignancy and provide precise treatment strategies, we reconstructed the tumor evolution trajectory with the help of scRNA-seq data and established a 30-gene prognostic model to identify the malignant state in HCC. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. C-index and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed the excellent predictive value of this model. Downstream analysis revealed the underlying molecular and functional characteristics of this model, including significantly higher genomic instability and stronger proliferation/progression potential in the high-risk group. In summary, we established a novel prognostic model to overcome the barriers caused by HCC heterogeneity and provide the possibility of better clinical management for HCC patients to improve their survival outcomes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control in Immune Cells
Authors: Jiang Yalan , Tao Zehua , Chen Hua , Xia Sheng
Published: September 2021

The endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) system, including endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), the unfolded protein response (UPR), and autophagy, presides over cellular protein secretion and maintains proteostasis in mammalian cells. As part of the immune system, a variety of proteins are synthesized and assembled correctly for the development, activation, and differentiation of immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, myeloid-derived-suppressor cells (MDSCs), B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. In this review, we emphasize the role of the ERQC in these immune cells, and also discuss how the imbalance of ER homeostasis affects the immune response, thereby suggesting new therapeutic targets for immunotherapy.
All-Inorganic p−n Heterojunction Solar Cells by Solution Combustion Synthesis Using N-type FeMnO3 Perovskite Photoactive Layer
Authors: Papadas Ioannis T. , Ioakeimidis Apostolos , Vamvasakis Ioannis , Eleftheriou Polyvios , Armatas Gerasimos S. , Choulis Stelios A.
Published: September 2021

This study outlines the synthesis and physicochemical characteristics of a solution-processable iron manganite (FeMnO3) nanoparticles via a chemical combustion method using tartaric acid as a fuel whilst demonstrating the performance of this material as a n-type photoactive layer in all-oxide solar cells. It is shown that the solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method enables the formation of pure crystal phase FeMnO3 with controllable particle size. XRD pattern and morphology images from TEM confirm the purity of FeMnO3 phase and the relatively small crystallite size (∼13 nm), firstly reported in the literature. Moreover, to assemble a network of connected FeMnO3 nanoparticles, β-alanine was used as a capping agent and dimethylformamide (DMF) as a polar aprotic solvent for the colloidal dispersion of FeMnO3 NPs. This procedure yields a ∼500 nm thick FeMnO3 n-type photoactive layer. The proposed method is crucial to obtain functional solution processed NiO/FeMnO3 heterojunction inorganic photovoltaics. Photovoltaic performance and solar cell device limitations of the NiO/FeMnO3-based heterojunction solar cells are presented.
Molecular Epidemiology of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in France Shows Patient and Healthcare Links to Environmentally Occurring Genotypes
Authors: Rocchi Steffi , Sewell Thomas R. , Valot Benoit , Godeau Chloé , Laboissiere Audrey , Millon Laurence , Fisher Matthew C.
Published: September 2021

Resistance of the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus to antifungal agents is on the rise. However, links between patient infections, their potential acquisition from local environmental sources, and links to global diversity remain cryptic. Here, we used genotyping analyses using nine microsatellites in A. fumigatus, in order to study patterns of diversity in France. In this study, we genotyped 225 local A. fumigatus isolates, 112 azole susceptible and 113 azole resistant, collected from the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region (Eastern France) and sampled from both clinical (n = 34) and environmental (n = 191) sources. Azole-resistant clinical isolates (n = 29) were recovered mainly from cystic fibrosis patients and environmental isolates (n = 84) from market gardens and sawmills. In common with previous studies, the TR34/L98H allele predominated and comprised 80% of resistant isolates. The genotypes obtained for these local TR34/L98H isolates were integrated into a broader analysis including all genotypes for which data are available worldwide. We found that dominant local TR34/L98H genotypes were isolated in different sample types at different dates (different patients and types of environments) with hospital air and patient’s isolates linked. Therefore, we are not able to rule out the possibility of some nosocomial transmission. We also found genotypes in these same environments to be highly diverse, emphasizing the highly mixed nature of A. fumigatus populations. Identical clonal genotypes were found to occur both in the French Eastern region and in the rest of the world (notably Australia), while others have not yet been observed and could be specific to our region. Our study demonstrates the need to integrate patient, healthcare, and environmental sampling with global databases in order to contextualize the local-scale epidemiology of antifungal resistant aspergillosis.
Effects of Heparin and Bivalirudin on Thrombin-Induced Platelet Activation: Differential Modulation of PAR Signaling Drives Divergent Prothrombotic Responses
Authors: Lund Mikael , Macwan Ankit S. , Tunströmer Kjersti , Lindahl Tomas L. , Boknäs Niklas
Published: September 2021

Heparin and bivalirudin are widely used as anticoagulants in the setting of acute thrombosis. In this study, we investigated how these drugs affect the ability of thrombin to generate a prothrombotic platelet response via activation of the protease-activated receptors (PARs) 1 and 4. We examined the effects of heparin/antithrombin and bivalirudin on PAR1- and PAR4-mediated intracellular calcium mobilization, aggregation, α-granule release, and procoagulant membrane exposure in platelets exposed to thrombin concentrations likely to be encountered in the thrombus microenvironment during thrombosis. At physiological antithrombin levels, heparin treatment resulted in complete and sustained inhibition of thrombin-induced PAR4-mediated platelet activation, but transient PAR1 signaling was sufficient to elicit significant α-granule release and platelet aggregation. In contrast, bivalirudin treatment resulted in rapid and profound inhibition of signaling from both PAR receptors, followed by a delayed phase of PAR4-mediated platelet activation, resulting in a robust prothrombotic response. Combination treatment with bivalirudin and subtherapeutic concentrations of heparin completely inhibited the residual platelet activation observed with single drug treatment at all time-points. Our results show that heparin and bivalirudin have different and complementary inhibitory effects on the activation of PAR1 and PAR4 by thrombin.
How Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) Was Born: The Struggle for a New Invention
Authors: Andersen Henning Rud
Published: September 2021

This story is about the invention of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), and the people who transformed it from a concept and primitive device to a breakthrough lifesaving treatment for hundreds of thousands of patients with aortic valve stenosis. It is an inspirational example of a new disruptive technology that began with an idea most dismissed. The story describes the ups and downs from idea, design, construction, animal testing, proof-of-concept, scientific publication hurdles, a patent, license agreement, cooperation with several companies, fighting in patent courts in Europe and USA and finally how multinational companies financially bypassed the inventor. It is also a story about the struggles and battles the inventor experienced when injected into a world of lawyers and patent fights. I hope my personal story and journey can provide an inspiration and word of caution for new inventors.