bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Heterogeneity of Combining Sites of Antibodies as Determined by Specific Immunoadsorbents
Authors: Kitagawa Masayasu , Yagi Yasuo , Pressman David
Published: December 2022

Anti-Xp antibodies were fractionated by adsorption on immunoadsorbents and elution with haptens.

Different types of immunoadsorbent and various programs of elution with either different concentrations of a particular hapten or different haptens were used. In several cases, the eluted antibody was evaluated further with respect to heterogeneity by re-fractionation.

Some anti-Xp antibodies adsorbed on Xp-RSA-PAS could be eluted by o-substituted benzoate (0.3 M). Others not eluted by the first procedure were eluted by m-substituted benzoate and still others were eluted only by p-substituted benzoate. The observed order of effectiveness of substituents on elution was p-NO2 > p-Cl, m-NO2 > m-Cl > o-NO2 = o-Cl. There were some antibodies that were eluted by m-nitrobenzoate but not by p-chlorobenzoate and other that were eluted by p-chlorobenzoate but not by m-nitrobenzoate.

Very clear evidence was obtained that some of the antibodies could well accommodate an o-substituent on the hapten whereas other antibodies could not.

Each program of elution produced fractions with different properties. This indicated the heterogeneity of the original group of antibodies. However, each one of these fractions, when subjected to refractionation with a second program of elution, reflected the heterogeneity of the original population of antibody molecules going through this same second program.

The elution patterns were also characteristic of the immunoadsorbent. Almost all of the antibodies could be adsorbed on Xp-RSA-PAS, o-ClXp-RSA-PAS and m-NO2Xp-RSA-PAS but were eluted more easily by p-nitrobenzoate from the immunoadsorbents in the order, o-ClXp-, m-NO2Xp and Xp-RSA-PAS. X′-RSA-PAS and Xp-R-PAS failed to adsorb all antibodies and a part of the antibodies which were adsorbed was eluted more easily from these immunoadsorbents than from Xp-RSA-PAS.

The results provide evidence that some antibodies are directed not only to the haptenic group but also to the protein portion surrounding the haptenic group.

The amount of antibody was determined by labeling it with I131 or I125 and measuring the radioactivity. Effort and time could be saved and very close comparisons could be made by using the paired label technique in which one antibody fraction was labeled with I131 and the other labeled with I125 and the two passed simultaneously through the same column.
Financial Impact of Embedded Injury-Prevention Experts in US Army Initial Entry Training
Authors: Clifton Daniel R. , Nelson D. Alan , Sammy Choi Y. , Edgeworth Daniel , Shell Donald , Deuster Patricia A.
Published: December 2022

Context

The US Army embedded injury-prevention experts (IPEs), specifically athletic trainers and strength and conditioning coaches, into initial entry training (IET) to limit musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions and their negative consequences. However, little is known about the financial impact of IPEs.

Objective

To assess whether IPEs were associated with fewer sunk training costs due to MSK-related early discharges from service.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Database of US Army soldiers’ administrative, medical, and readiness records.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 198 166 soldiers (age = 20.7 ± 3.2 years, body mass index = 24.4 ± 3.5 kg/m2) who began IET during 2014 to 2017.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Early discharge from service was defined as occurring within 6 months of beginning IET. All IET sites employed IPEs from 2011 to 2017, except for 2 sites during April to November 2015. Soldiers who began IET at these 2 sites during these times were categorized as not having IPE exposure. All others were categorized as having IPE exposure. The unadjusted association between IPE access and MSK-related early discharge from service was assessed using logistic regression. Financial impact was assessed by quantifying differences in yearly sunk costs between groups with and those without IPE exposure and subtracting IPE hiring costs.

Results

Among 14 094 soldiers without IPE exposure, 2.77% were discharged early for MSK-related reasons. Among 184 072 soldiers with IPE exposure, 1.01% were discharged. Exposure to IPEs was associated with reduced odds of MSK-related early discharge (odds ratio = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.32, 0.40, P < .001) and a decrease in yearly sunk training costs of $11.19 to $20.00 million.

Conclusions

Employing IPEs was associated with reduced sunk costs because of fewer soldiers being discharged from service early for MSK-related reasons. Evidence-based recommendations should be developed for guiding policy on the roles and responsibilities of IPEs in the military to reduce negative outcomes from MSK conditions and generate a positive return on investment.
Diagnostic dilemma in a patient with chronic non–healing ulcer on leg
Authors: Vibhu Mendiratta , Amit Meena , Smita Singh
Published: December 2022

Rationale:

Though cutaneous tuberculosis accounts for a small proportion of all tuberculosis cases, it becomes an important health issue considering its high prevalence in tropical countries. Due to its myriad clinical manifestations, it becomes difficult to diagnose and may pose a great diagnostic dilemma.

Patient concerns:

A 17-year-old male complaint of ulcerproliferative lesion on the left lower leg for 5 years. There was no history suggestive of tuberculosis. On cutaneous examination, single well-defined erosiocrustive plaque of size 14 cm × 13 cm with yellowish adherent crust presented over the left lower leg. The underlying surface shows ulceration after removing the crust.

Diagnosis:

Ulcerative Lupus vulgaris.

Interventions:

Anti-tubercular drug therapy (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol).

Outcomes:

Lesion showed dramatic improvement after one month of anti-tubercular therapy.

Lessons:

Dermatologists should be aware of variable clinical presentations of cutaneous tuberculosis so as to diagnose it timely and correctly.
Hematological profile of COVID-19 infected children before and after the spread of the Omicron variant in Istanbul
Authors: Akbeyaz Berkin Berk , Karaaslan AyŞe , Çetin Ceren , Köle Mehmet Tolga , AltaŞ Zeynep , Akın Yasemin
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To examine the effect of the COVID-19 virus, especially the Omicron variant, on hematological parameters of hospitalized pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

Medical records of pediatric COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between March 2020 and May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed to analyze data regarding demographics, SARS-CoV-2 infection polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results, reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR for other respiratory agents, duration of hospital stay, and hematological and biochemical laboratory findings.

Results:

Out of 467 children with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 94 (20.1%) had Omicron infection and 373 (79.9%) were infected with other variants; the Omicron group had younger patients than the remaining samples (P<0.001). The most frequent clinical symptoms in all children were cough (53.5%) and fever (32.3%), followed by vomiting (20.8%). Lung involvement in the Omicron group (10.6%) was significantly lower than in the remaining samples (29.8%) (P<0.001). Hemoglobin and lymphocyte levels were lower in the Omicron-infected group (both P<0.001), while prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in this group (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.023, respectively). In terms of lung involvement, those with lung involvement were significantly older (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Although lung involvement was less common with Omicron infection, this group had greater hematological system involvement, such as anemia, lymphopenia, D-dimer elevation, and coagulation disorders.
Maintaining Guard
Authors: Alphi Serena , Anjali P. H. , Sebastian Shaliet Rose
Published: December 2022

Background:

Since the introduction of COVID vaccine, there has been a palpable decline in the disease morbidity and mortality. In addition to the vaccine, adherence to preventive measures is of prime importance when it comes to the prevention of disease spread. The available evidence reiterates the need to maintain the preventive precautions until the attainment of the target vaccination coverage. There exists a gap regarding the data on adherence to self-care practices after the introduction of the vaccine in the community.

Objectives:

To assess the adherence to preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among vaccinated adults in central Kerala.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged between 25 and 65 years in Pathanamthitta District, Central Kerala. Variables were expressed using the percentages and proportions. The Chi-square test was used for the comparison of proportions across groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to find out the determinants of nonadherence. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using the thematic analysis and classified into themes and subthemes.

Results:

The study showed that 134 out of 235 (57%) were adherent to COVID preventive behavior. Education of the study participants was found to be significantly associated with nonadherent behavior. The study reconnoitered a gap in practicing the preventive measures for COVID-19.

Conclusion:

Continuing adherence to preventive measures is necessary to combat the COVID-19 pandemic till or beyond the desired level of vaccination coverage is attained.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Primary Health-Care Workers toward NOMA Disease in Sokoto
Authors: Bala Mujtaba , Omotayo S. A. , Braimah R. O. , Taiwo A. O. , Jaafar R. , Abubakar A. B. , Abubakar M. K. , Saleh A. A.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Noma is a quickly progressing and neglected opportunistic infection which if left untreated can result in a sequelae of severe facial destruction and death. Early detection and prompt treatment is paramount to the prevention of its sequelae. The aim of this study, was therefore, to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of primary healthcare workers towards Noma in Sokoto state, Nigeria.

Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional study approved by the Sokoto State ministry of health. Participants consented were recruited using self-administered questionnaire between July, 2022 and August, 2022. The questionnaire consisted of 10 and 16 questions covering the domains of knowledge and, attitude/practices respectively. The total score for each domain was obtained and then categorized as low (less than or equals to 50%), fair (51 to 69%) and good (70% and above). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results:

A total of 251 participants filled and returned the questionnaires. There were 151(60.2%) males and 100(39.8%) females in the age range of 22-57years with a mean±SD of 34.9±8.5 years. Out of 251 participants, 210(83.7%) were aware of Noma. The total score recorded in both the knowledge and attitude/practice domains were 75% and 78% respectively.

Conclusion:

The basic knowledge and attitude/practices of NOMA among primary healthcare workers in our clime was good. Therefore, there is need for continuing medical education among this groups of healthcare workers considering their role as the first contact health personnel in the community.
Oral Health Status of Middle School Students in Jeddah
Authors: Abdelrasoul Mohamed R. , Hassan Ahmed Fouad , Pullishery Fawaz
Published: December 2022

Objective:

Outreach activities are one of the essential components of dental education that would help the students understand the community's oral health needs. The study aimed to engage dental undergraduate students in measuring their oral health status using four dental indices among middle school students.

Subjects and Methods:

The study was conducted as a part of an oral health education program in two public schools in Jeddah. Consent was obtained from both school students and parents. Two calibrated examiners measured the dental status using Ramfjord's calculus index, decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, simplified debris index, and modified gingival index. An independent statistician did data analysis using SPSS ver 23.

Results:

Male students showed statistically significant higher scores for debris index, calculus index, and gingival index compared to female students (P < 0.001). The mean D and M component DMFT indices were significantly higher in female students (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The variations in oral health status between students can be attributed to differences in oral hygiene practices and other sociodemographic factors, including ethnicity and socioeconomic status. This study showed a positive learning experience for dental students in assessing the oral health status of schoolchildren.
Ex vivo Renal Bench Pyelolithotomy for Renal Calculi in Live Related Kidney Transplant
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Sadasukhi Nripesh , Malik Sandeep , Sadasukhi T. C. , Gupta H. L. , Gupta Manish
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives:

Bench surgery performed just after donor nephrectomy is known as ex vivo Bench Surgery. We present a case series of Bench Pyelolithotomy in donor's kidney just before transplantation with our surgical experience and follow-up results.

Patients and Methods:

Fifteen ex vivo Bench Pyelolithotomy on renal graft was performed by an experienced surgeon from January 2018 to August 2020. All these patients underwent standard donor evaluation and metabolic workup. Pre- and post-operative parameters were analyzed for technical feasibility, intraoperative and postoperative complications, stone clearance, and stone recurrence rate.

Results:

All 15 donors were females with a mean age of 44 years. The mean stone size was 14.3 mm (range 5–30 mm). Stone extraction by pyelolithotomy on the bench was successfully performed, and a stone-free status was accomplished just before the transplantation. Complete stone clearance was achieved in all cases. Mean cold ischemia time was 32 min. Postoperatively, patients were stable with average urine output of 490 ml/h. All patients are in regular follow-up with graft functioning well measured with respect to serial serum creatinine and urine output.

Conclusions:

Bench surgery is safe, less time-consuming, and equally effective for a stone-bearing renal donor kidney without compromising renal allograft function.
Impact of Donor-specific Anti-human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies in Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem-cell Transplantation
Authors: Sawant Rajesh B. , Sen Santanu , Tulpule Sameer A. , Naker Deepali Y.
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

While donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSA) have been implicated in graft rejection in solid organ transplantation, their role in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remains unclear.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to study the role of DSA for proper donor selection and its effect in the setting of allogeneic HSCT.

Methodology:

HLA A, B, C, DRB1, and DQB1 high-resolution typing, and DSA cross match (XM) of patients (n = 73) and their prospective donors (n = 74) were assessed. A case–control study was designed retrospectively to evaluate the effect of pre- existing DSAs on engraftment. Thirty-five cases with 5/10 HLA alleles mismatches and 38 cases with full HLA matched, these two controls were selected for comparison. These were matched for disease, graft type, conditioning regimen, age, gender, blood group, and sensitizing events. DSAs were tested with solid-phase assay (Luminex 100/200 platform).

Results:

DSAs were detected in six of 35 patients (17%); however, donors selected for transplantation were all negative for DSA crossmatch. These six patients who underwent haploidentical (HI) transplants had antibodies against Class I and II. One patient carried antibodies against both classes. A patient who experienced primary graft failure had a second HI transplant. No other known factors that could negatively influence engraftment were associated with the development of graft failure in this patient.

Conclusions:

DSAs are not associated with graft rejection in patients undergoing HI stem-cell transplantation. Anti-HLA sensitization should be evaluated routinely in HSCT with HLA mismatched donors for a better outcome.
Brain Abscess with Unusual Organism Staphylococcus hemolyticus in a Renal Transplant Recipient - A Case Report
Authors: Jonnalagadda Neeharika , Guditi Swarnalatha , Das Uttara , Kalidindi Raja Karthik , Vijayan Sarang , Patel Ravi Kumar , Nayak Ashish , Taduri Gangadhar
Published: December 2022

The immunosuppressive medications in renal transplant recipients are associated with increased risk of infections, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we report a case of focal brain abscess, presented to us, 8 months after deceased donor renal transplantation with headache and altered mentation. Patient had a history of fungal pneumonia 3 months before presenting illness and received intravenous liposomal amphotericin B, for 6 weeks. On evaluation, he was found to have brain abscess, with mild graft dysfunction. Computerized tomography-guided stereotactic aspiration of the brain abscess was done which grew Staphylococcus hemolyticus. Intravenous catheter placed for 6 weeks for antifungal therapy for the management of previous fungal pneumonia was thought to be cause of staphylococcal infection. He was managed with intravenous clindamycin and levofloxacin for 6 weeks as per antibiogram and immunosuppressive medications were reduced. After 6 months of follow-up, patient was asymptomatic with normal renal function and minimal immunosuppressive medications.
Allograft Rejection in Kidney Transplantation – A Retrospective Study of Impact on Graft and Patient Outcome
Authors: Shamsudheen M. P. , Kuchay Abid , Gupta Vijay Chander , Tiwari Isha , Karthik Raja , Das Uttara , Guditi Swarnalatha , Taduri Gangadhar
Published: December 2022

Background:

Renal allograft rejection is a major cause of graft dysfunction, and it is a predictor of long-term allograft loss. Advances in immunosuppression have decreased the influence of acute rejection on graft survival. In this study, we assessed clinicopathological profile and immediate and long-term treatment outcomes of different types of allograft rejections in our institute.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent renal transplantation and had biopsy-proven renal allograft rejections from January 2010 to December 2019 in our institute. Recipient–donor characteristics at the time of transplantation and graft function post transplantation were documented. Patients were followed up till graft loss or patient loss or a minimum 12-month period after rejection episode for all survived patients.

Results:

Allograft rejection occurred in 88/424 (20.75%) renal transplant recipients during the study period. Active antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) was the most common type of rejection (40.9%) and was common in early posttransplant period also (54.5%). Graft dysfunction was the dominant presentation in all groups except chronic active ABMR, where heavy proteinuria was common. Chronic active ABMR was common (37.5%) in second episode of rejection. Overall graft survival, death-censored graft survival, and patient survival at the end of the study were 52.27%, 82.95%, and 69.3%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Renal allograft rejection decreases both graft and patient survival. Hence recommend regular surveillance for early detection and treatment.
Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiac Sodium Channel Diseases
Authors: Wei Wenzhao , Fang Ying , Zhou Nan , Wu Qiuping , Zhao Qianhao , Cheng Jianding
Published: December 2022

Sudden cardiac death (SCD), accounting for a substantial part of the forensic autopsy, is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Lethal arrhythmia due to sodium channel diseases is recognized as one of the most prevalent etiologies of SCD. In these disorders, defective cardiomyocytes, including the pacemaker and the working cardiomyocytes, would manifest as abnormal electrical activity and morphology, thereby predisposing individuals to SCD. It is always a problem for forensic pathologists to adjudicate a sudden death caused by sodium channel diseases since structural changes in those cases are often inconspicuous. With the advent of the molecular autopsy, forensic pathologists can conduct targeted gene testing to identify the risk of SCD for family members of the probands. This review aims to discuss the relationship between SCD and sodium channel diseases, clarify the underlying mechanisms, and provide prophylactic suggestions for the relatives of SCD patients at risk.
Overview of Sudden Cardiac Deaths
Authors: Burke Allen
Published: December 2022

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected cardiac death that is instantaneous or occurs within a short period of time after onset of symptoms, in a person in a stable state of health. SCD has either a certain etiology (for example, cardiac tamponade or fresh occlusive coronary thrombus), or has one or more morphologic substrates that increase the risk of electrical instability that in turn can lead to a fatal arrhythmia. The latter group of SCD has been assigned as either highly probable or uncertain etiologies, according to guidelines of the Association of European Cardiovascular Pathology. This review describes definitive causes and potential underlying substrates for SCD.
Primary Intraosseous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Lytic Lesion in Mandible: Common Presentation of an Uncommon Illness
Authors: Pendharkar Chinmay , Mehta Ritu , Chakrabarty Barun Kumar , Sen Arijit
Published: December 2022

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) occurring in the bones are largely metastatic in nature and primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinomas (PIOSCCs) are extremely rare. They tend to involve skull bones more frequently than the other bones. We present the case of a 52-year-old male, presenting with pain in the lower jaw, which was diagnosed with PIOSCC on histopathology.
Assessment of Psychological Variables amongst Indian Medical Professionals: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kodancha Preeti , Dwivedi Aryan , Rajesh Babu Ankith Appalla , Chaudhury Suprakash , Kumar Santosh , Prakash Jyoti
Published: December 2022

Background:

The doctor–patient relationship is of critical importance to patient satisfaction and is impacted by various doctor-related factors.

Aim:

To assess the levels of emotional intelligence (EI), empathy, everyday/perceived discrimination and verbal aggression amongst medical professionals and medical students, and to understand the interrelations between these variables and their differences across groups.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study included convenience sampling of 191 medical students, and 94 medical professionals (residents and attending doctors). They were administered the Wong and Law emotional intelligence scale, Toronto empathy questionnaire, everyday discrimination scale and verbal aggression sub-scale from the Buss–Perry aggression scale. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.

Results:

EI was significantly greater amongst professionals as compared to students, and positively correlated to years of experience in the medical profession. Everyday discrimination increased with years of experience in the medical fraternity and was also negatively correlated with the ‘emotion regulation’ component of EI. Female participants had higher levels of empathy and lower levels of everyday discrimination.

Conclusion:

In Indian medical professionals the levels of EI increase with years of experience and are higher for medical professionals than students. The levels of perceived discrimination increase with years of experience and were greater for medical professionals and male doctors. Perceived discrimination and verbal aggression showed a negative association with empathy and EI. Understanding the factors that impact the doctor–patient relationship, as well as the doctor’s personal experience in the medical fraternity, are crucial to improve patient satisfaction, as well as to improve the well-being of the medical professionals.
The impact of preoperative total parenteral nutrition on the surgical complications of Crohn’s disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bin Traiki Thamer A. , Alshammari Sulaiman A. , Aljomah Nadia A. , Alsalouli Monirah M. , Altawil Esraa S. , Abdulla Maha-Hamadien , Alhassan Noura S. , Alkhayal Khayal A.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Crohn’s disease (CD) is associated with malnutrition, an independent risk factor for surgical morbidity and mortality in more than 65% of patients, with a significant impact on disease outcomes. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we aimed to investigate the impact of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the surgical outcomes of patients with CD.

Methods:

This study included patients with CD who underwent abdominal surgery. We compared patients who received preoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN group) to those who did not (non-TPN group). Prolonged oral intolerance, albumin level <30 g/L, and body mass index <18.5 were the main indications for TPN. We evaluated postoperative surgical complications in both groups.

Results:

Between January 2010 and October 2018, 169 eligible patients underwent abdominal surgery. The TPN and non-TPN groups included 40 and 129 patients, respectively. The mean albumin level was significantly lower in the TPN group (P = 0.013). Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 76.9% of the patients, with a conversion rate of 11.6%. Infectious and non-infectious complications developed in 8.9% and 16% of patients, respectively. Surgical complications were comparable between the groups (P >0.05).

Conclusions:

Despite oral intake intolerance and severe disease in the TPN group, the surgical complications were comparable between the groups.
Mediastinitis, Pericarditis, Empyema, and Bacteremia
Authors: Bokhary Diyaa Hassan , Mustafa Abdulmoneim Ali , Merdad Ghada Asad
Published: December 2022

Ludwig's angina is a life-threatening cellulitis of the submandibular, submental, and sublingual areas that originates mostly from odontogenic illnesses. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Its natural course, if not treated, leads to the rapid progression and development of complications, including airway compromise, necrotizing fasciitis, septic shock, pericarditis, and empyema. We report the case of a 40-year-old male who presented primarily with chest pain associated with cheek pain, sore throat, odynophagia, and subjective fever. The patient was diagnosed with Ludwig's angina secondary to a poor oral hygiene complicated by pericarditis, mediastinitis, and left-sided empyema. An immediate antibiotic administered, and subsequently neck dissection with left anterolateral thoracotomy was performed. In this case report, we highlight the importance of not only early recognition but also rapid intervention to prevent disease progression, including early empiric antibiotics, airway management, and surgical intervention, especially if the patient presents with an atypical or vague complaint.
Sternocleidomastoid Tumor in an Older Child
Authors: Saha Agnik , Mondal Anwesha , Sikder Rajib , Halder Pankaj
Published: December 2022

In newborns and infants with congenital space-occupying cervical lesions, sternocleidomastoid tumors represent a relatively uncommon differential diagnosis. With an early and prolonged manual stretching exercise, it does generally go away. Some may need to have the muscle surgically released to avoid plagiocephaly, facial asymmetry, and scoliosis. We report a case of a 6-year-old child with significant torticollis who required surgery for a favorable cosmetic and functional outcome.
Associations of daily diet-related greenhouse gas emissions with the incidence and mortality of chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies
Authors: Hong Jee Yeon , Kim Young Jun , Bae Sanghyuk , Kim Mi Kyung
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES: Although the entire process extending from food production to dietary consumption makes a large contribution to total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, little and inconsistent evidence exists on the epidemiological associations of daily diet-related GHG emissions with chronic disease risk or all-cause mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the observational epidemiological relationship between daily diet-related GHG emissions and health outcomes, including the risk of chronic diseases and all-cause mortality.METHODS: Original articles published in English until May 2022 were identified by searching PubMed, Ovid-Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The extracted data were pooled using both fixed-effects and random-effects meta-analyses and presented as hazard and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS: In total, 7 cohort studies (21 study arms) were included for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. The GHG emissions of dietary consumption showed a significant positive association with the risk of chronic disease incidence and mortality in both fixed-effects and random-effects models (fixed: RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.05; random: RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.06). This positive association was robust regardless of how daily diet-related GHG emissions were grouped. More strongly animal- based diets showed higher GHG emissions. However, there were only a few studies on specific chronic diseases, and the subgroup analysis showed insignificant results. There was no evidence of publication bias among the studies (Egger test: p=0.79).CONCLUSIONS: A higher GHG-emission diet was found to be associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality.
Kazimierz Kolańczyk (1915-1982) and a New Approach to the Teaching of Roman Law in Post-war Poland
Authors: Nancka Grzegorz
Published: December 2022

An entirely new approach to the teaching of Roman law was long-awaited in post-war Poland. There were not many studies for learning the subject, and in the case of the available ones, their weaknesses were highlighted. A breakthrough in the area of the Roman law academic textbook came with the publication of “Roman Law” by Kazimierz Kolańczyk. It is considered one of the best Roman law textbooks, if not the best, in the 20th century in Poland. The work was significantly different from the other hitherto available textbooks, primarily because the author developed his own concept for that type of study. As it turned out, the work by K. Kolańczyk opened a completely new phase in the Polish didactics of Roman law. It is therefore useful to take a closer look at its assumptions and K. Kolańczyk’s approach to the teaching of Roman law, and also to evaluate the permanence of the changes in teaching caused by that study.
Italian Legislative Proposal of Criminalising Bullying
Authors: Lanza Enrico
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study is to understand if criminalising bullying is a solution to counter and prevent the phenomenon. The Italian legislative proposal of criminalisation offers hints to discuss about a general problem while underlining that the penal solution is not the answer to solve a complex social problem as bullying (and cyberbullying) is. The creation of a specific crime determines a simplification of the question because it concentrates the attention on the dyad bully-victim, without considering the essential role of the group. Taking into account the role of the group and the relationship between the bully and the group implies a systemic approach.
Concept of Force Majeure in Commercial Contracts and its Interpretation during Pandemic in North Macedonia
Authors: Dacev Nikola
Published: December 2022

A pandemic, defined as an epidemic spread over larger regions, is of course not unknown in the world. There are several pandemics in history that have left a great impact on humanity. However, so far there has not been a pandemic of such proportions and consequences as the Covid-19 pandemic.. It literally paralysed life and led to unprecedented health, economic and political consequences on a global scale. As has been the case in every area, Covid-19 has also had a serious impact on legal systems. Many countries were not ready with appropriate legislation to deal with the pandemic in terms of implementing appropriate measures to help their citizens. Because of that, a large number of trade agreements were not realised or their realisation was made difficult. What was a serious problem in trade agreements that could not be realised and what is the subject of primary analysis in this paper is the concept of force majeure (vis major), its regulation and the question of whether the pandemic can be considered as a force majeure event. Uncertainty in the interpretation of outdated provisions or lack of appropriate provisions regulating force majeure in pandemic conditions has led to many citizens not being able to exercise their rights derived from contracts and thereby creating dysfunctionality in legal systems. In this paper, it is essential to review the force majeure clause, its concept, development and representation in different legal systems, by making a brief comparison between French law and English law and determining key regulations on an international level. At the same time, the main focus of research will be on the regulations in North Macedonia and the manner of regulating this concept of force majeure. It is also equally important to find the answer to the question of the role of legal systems, whether law as such will continue to exist in the same form and with the same content or whether we already are in the phase of creating the so-called pandemic law, i.e., whether the pandemic initiates a rearrangement of the concept of force majeure in trade agreements in North Macedonia, as well as everywhere in the world.
ICJ: Ukraine v. Russian Federation
Authors: Mareček Lukáš
Published: December 2022

The author of the paper writes about the order of the International Court of Justice indicating provisional measures on a basis of Ukraine’s request. The request was to a larger degree granted. In the paper, the author points out that the fact that the order was issued does not resolve the issue of jurisdiction, which remains to be decided and could be crucial for Ukraine to maintain in its argumentation as the link between the case and the Genocide Convention (1948) seems to be rather weak. Secondly, the author thinks about the consequences of the “not to aggravate the situation” measure which was imposed also on Ukraine.
Berle and Means’ Control and Contemporary Problems
Authors: Tajti Tibor
Published: December 2022

The best way to judge the quality of a new company law is to test it against real-life problems. This article attempts to do that by placing the concept of control in the center of its observations, posing related questions, and offering food for thought for the drafters of company laws. The concept of control in the context of corporations with highly dispersed shareholders holding atomized stakes (‘quasi-public corporations’) was first dissected by Adolf A. Berle (lawyer) and Gardiner C. Means (economist) in their 1932 classic The Modern Corporation and Private Property. Their conceptualization and classification of control serves as the basis for the analysis herein, even though interest in control has lately been overshadowed by novel schools of thought based on agency theory and the like. With that in mind, the central thesis of this article is that control is the ultimate ‘invisible hand’ of company law because it is unparalleled in importance, omnipresent, and – due to its multifaceted nature – inherently difficult to grasp, especially insofar as its precise essence or its manifestation in real life circumstances is concerned. Secondly, using examples from recent cases from Central and Eastern Europe (‘CEE’), this article aims to show that the crucially important concept of control is still not fully understood.  Unfortunately, but perhaps unsurprisingly, empirical evidence readily proves that simple formulas for “taming” control do not exist. Instead, eternal vigilance, as well as regular re-evaluation of governance and oversight solutions, is needed not just by the boards and corporate officers in charge of oversight, but also by shareholders if control of corporate officers is at stake. Thirdly, the article demonstrates that control plays a similarly important role for small and mid-sized businesses (‘SMEs’) countering a burning set of problems that SMEs are doomed to face at some point in their existence: the issues corollary to the inter-generational transfer of the control and ownership of successfully operating companies. This topic is tackled through the prism of the milestone case of Galler v. Galler from Illinois, United States (US), which gave the green light to a peculiar but flexible set of solutions to these governance-related issues. I argue that the Galler formula, or at least parts of it, could be adapted elsewhere to serve similar ends. As the case studies offered in this article will demonstrate, these are living problems, especially insofar as they concern jurisdictions which are still yet to settle on wholly-adequate solutions, such as the post-socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, China, and other fledgling legal systems across the globe.
Japanese Government Policies and Business Activities for Open Innovation and Implications to Korea
Authors:   The Korean-Japanese Economics & Management Association, Lee Hyung-Oh
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purposes of this research are to review Japanese government policies and business activities as to open innovation and to suggest implications for Korean government and firms.
Research design, data, and methodology: Previous researches on open innovation in Korea were reviewed and the contribution of this research was discussed. Then, an analytical framework based on national innovation system was developed for this research. Referring to the framework, this article focused on the role of the Japanese government policies and the activities of Japanese large firms for promoting open innovation in Japanese society.
Results: With the investigation of Japanese government policies and business activities related to open innovation, this article found the following things. At first, as to the overview of Japanese R&D situation, the R&D expenditure of Japan has stagnated since the global financial crisis and nowadays the R&D expenditure to GDP ratio of Japan is behind those of Korea and the U.S. In addition, the source and expenditure structure of R&D budget in Japan reflects the principle of self-sufficiency (Jimaesyugi) of Japanese firms. From 2000s, Japanese society began to realize environmental changes and the need for open innovation which emphasizes collaboration with outside organizations. Then, the Japanese government tried to develop and execute various policies to accelerate open innovation in Japanese society. In addition, Japanese large firms initiated diverse activities for open innovation, which are shown in the cases of two Japanese firms, Konica Minolta and Denso.
Implications: This study tried to suggest implications for Korean government and firms, referring to Japanese experiences as to open innovation. As implications to the Korean government, it emphasized the following points: the need for pan-governmental endeavor to boost open innovation, introduction of a tax reduction system accelerating open innovation, implementation of open innovation policies based on the viewpoint of innovation ecosystem, and revitalization of open innovation with information provision and award systems. Implications to Korean firms were also suggested, such as the need for strong attention and effort to open innovation by top management with strategic viewpoint, and establishment of inside organizations specializing in open innovation and active utilization of human resources from outside.
A Study on Internationalization and Performance of International New Ventures: An Integrated Model from the Industry-Resource-Institutional Perspectives
Authors:   The Korean-Japanese Economics & Management Association, Yoon Ki-Chang
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of study is sheds light on the internationalization/globalization and performance factors of international new ventures (INVs), which have recently attracted a lot of attention in the field of international business. This study aims to present an important theoretical framework for the internationalization of INVs and their impact on performance. In particular, theoretical research is conducted from the perspective of integrating the industrial-based perspective, resource-based perspective, and institutional-based perspective. These studies intend to motivate future empirical studies.
Research design, data, and methodology: As for the method of the study, existing prior studies are considered and complements the theoretical deficiencies of these studies. What the study argues is that existing fragmentary studies do not produce consistent results in identifying the influencing factors on internationalization and performance of INVs, making it difficult to accurately understand the behavior of INVs, so it is necessary to understand the industry-resource-institution based view from an integrated perspective. Therefore, an integrated model for the antecedents of internationalization//globalization and performance of INVs.
Results: The results of the study are expected to be a guide for empirical analysis in the future. However, the limitations to sufficiently consider factors other than industry, resources, and Institutions is a limitation.
Implications: This study was conducted from an integrated perspective to overcome the fragmentation of studies that investigated the impact of existing studies on the internationalization and performance of INVs from a specific perspective and the inconsistency of research results. Through this study, it can be said that the implications are great in that the foundation for empirical analysis has been developed in subsequent studies.
Dificultades para el aprendizaje universitario a distancia en Perú durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Dávila Morán Roberto Carlos
Published: December 2022

La mayoría de los sistemas educativos de todo el mundo han migrado a la modalidad de aprendizaje a distancia como medida contra la propagación del COVID-19. Este fenómeno está causando muchas dificultades, especialmente como lo expresan los estudiantes en el contexto de los países en subdesarrollo. Este artículo intenta describir las dificultades para el aprendizaje universitario a distancia en Perú durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Siguiendo un diseño de investigación principalmente cualitativo, este estudio encuestó a un grupo de estudiantes seleccionados deliberada y convenientemente que actualmente están inscritos en una universidad. El resultado del análisis de contenido reveló las siguientes categorías de dificultades en el aprendizaje remoto: conectividad inestable a internet; recursos de aprendizaje inadecuados; problemas financieros; interrupciones de energía eléctrica; contenidos de aprendizaje imprecisos; actividades lectivas sobrecargadas; andamiaje limitado de los profesores; escasa comunicación con los compañeros; entorno deficiente de aprendizaje; conflicto con las responsabilidades del hogar; comprometida salud física; y problemas de la salud mental.
A Practical Review of Paraproteinemic Neuropathy
Authors: Cho Joong-Yang
Published: December 2022

Paraproteinemic neuropathy is a heterogeneous set of neuropathies characterized by the presence of homogeneous immunoglobulin in the serum. Most cases are associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. It might also occur in hematologic malignant and nonmalignant conditions. The association between neuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy requires appropriate neurological and hematological investigations. Treatment is mostly based on underlying hematologic disorders. In this review, we provide a clinically practical approach to clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological features and management of patients with paraproteinemic neuropathy.
ANALYSING THE PRE-DEFORMATION IN CASE OF SELECTIVE LASER MELTING PROCESS
Authors: Markovits Tamás , Varga László Ferenc , Fendrik Ármin
Published: December 2022

In Selective Laser Melting technology, the deformation of a metal model depends on many parameters. A complex model geometry needs simulation software to compensate for it. In this research work, the different types of model geometries, materials (316L, Ti64), and pre-deformation processes were analyzed in a Selective Laser Melting dedicated simulation software and the real model. The result shows the geometrical difference between the standard and the pre-deformed models and the simulated results and printed parts. Due to the result, the necessity of pre-deformation, the right choice of simulation parameters, and the simulation process become more understandable and predictable in SLM technology. Of the two raw materials, in the case of titanium, higher internal stresses are generated during printing, so knowing what the deformations are is even more important than in the case of steel. An important result of the research is that it clearly demonstrates where and to what extent deformation occurs in the case of post-printing operations, thus the desired geometry can better meet the requirements.
METODY PŘEDZPRACOVÁNÍ OBRAZU PRO AUTOMATICKOU DETEKCI ÚČASTNÍKŮ SILNIČNÍHO PROVOZU
Authors: Berg Jan , Jilek Petr , Pokorný Jan , Krmela Jan
Published: December 2022

Hlavním cílem tohoto článku je provést analýzu metod předzpracování obrazu a uvést jednotlivé autory a publikace, které se jimi zabývají. Za účelem získání systematického přehledu je v článku navržena metodika pro vyhledávání jednotlivých relevantních zdrojů. Metody předzpracování obrazu předcházejí automatické detekci účastníků silničního provozu. Díky vhodně zvolenému postupu předzpracování obrazu je automatická detekce přesnější a rychlejší stejně jako následující klasifikace detekovaných objektů a jejich trasování. Vhodné předzpracování obrazu se využívá jak u standardní metody detekce odečítání pozadí, tak u moderních metod pracujících na principu neuronových sítí jako CNN, YOLO, SSD a další. Obsahem článku je přehled jednotlivých nejčastěji využívaných metod předzpracování obrazu a publikací, ve kterých je jednotliví autoři využívají pro přípravu obrazu před různými metodami automatické detekce. Následuje vyhodnocení výsledků a na závěr jsou navrženy směry dalšího výzkumu v této oblasti.
VPLYV PANDÉMIE COVID – 19 NA MOBILITU OBYVATEĽOV VO VEREJNEJ DOPRAVE
Authors: Harantová Veronika , Černý Mikuláš
Published: December 2022

Pandémia COVID 19 predstavuje pre našu spoločnosť obrovské výzvy a zasiahla všetky oblasti nášho života. Jednou z oblastí, ktoré boli zasiahnuté najvýznamnejšie je hromadná osobná doprava. Cieľom tohto príspevku je poukázať na zmeny dopravného správania sa obyvateľov Slovenska vplyvom pandémie COVID – 19 . Na tento účel slúžili dáta získané pomocou dotazníkového prieskumu, ktorý bol realizovaní počas roku 2021 obyvateľmi Slovenska. Okrem toho boli použité aj dáta o mobilite obyvateľov od spoločnosti Google. Celkovo bol zaznamenaný významný pokles používanie verejnej osobnej dopravy, avšak tento fakt spôsobil aj pokles celkovej mobility v dôsledku opatrení na zníženie šírenia ochorenia.  Zistilo sa, že obyvatelia sa počas najsilnejších vĺn pandémie vyhýbali používaniu verenej osobnej dopravy a prechádzali na iné druhy dopravy a to predovšetkým na individuálnu automobilovú a pešiu dopravu. Hlavným dôvodom boli obavy o bezpečnosť a zdravie.