bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence Silica Nanoprobe as a Biomarker for Rapid Detection of Plant Pathogens
Authors: Yao Kuo Shan , Li S.J. , Tzeng K.C. , Cheng Ta Chih , Chang Chen Yu , Chiu C.Y. , Liao C.Y. , Hsu J.J. , Lin Z.P.
Published: September 2009

Fluorescent silica nanoprobe as a biomarker for detection has attracted much attention in the field of nano-biotechnology recently but no further research applications using fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNP) combined with antibody molecules reported to detect pathogen detection. In this study, silica nanoparticles were prepared using the water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion method. The silica nanoparticles were circular in diameter of 50 ± 4.2 nm. The organic dye, tris-2, 2' -bipyridyl dichlororuthenium (II) hexahydrate (Rubpy), could be incorporated efficiently into the core of silica nanoparticles. The fluorescence of Rubpy-doped silica nanoparticles was photostable using a collisional quenching fluorescence test. The Rubpy-doped silica nanoparticles were conjugated with the secondary antibody of goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) and successfully detected plant pathogen such as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria that causes bacterial spot disease in Solanaceae plant. These results demonstrated that the fluorescence silica nanoprobe biomarker will have been potential for rapid diagnosis applications on plant diseases.
Synergy Effects of Electrospun Polysulfone/CNTs Hybrid Nanofibers Toughened and Reinforced Epoxy
Authors: Huang Zhi Bin , Li Gang , Sui Gang , Yang Xiao Ping
Published: September 2009

In this paper, the effects of electrospun polysulfone/ CNTs hybrid nanofibers on mechanical properties of epoxy resin were investigated. The CNTs functionalized with the mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 were characterized through Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), and the morphorgy of functional CNTs was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The PSF/CNTs solutions with 1 wt %, 5 wt %, 10 wt % CNTs content were electrospun to fabricate hybrid nanofibers. The morphologies of PSF/CNTs nanofibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM. Experimental results showed that the diameters of the nanofibers were reduced with increasing CNTs contents, and the CNTs were embedded dispersally into the nanofibers. The 2 wt % PSF/CNTs hybrid nanofibers toughened and reinforced epoxy with different CNTs contents were prepared, and compared the mechanical and thermal properties to those of PSF nanofibers toughened epoxy and pure resin matrix. The tensile strength of toughened and reinforced epoxy were higher than those of epoxy resin toughened with the same content of PSF nanofibers. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) showed the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PSF/CNTs nanofibers toughened and reinforced epoxy increased by 10°C compared to that of epoxy matrix. SEM observations of toughened and reinforced epoxy showed that PSF spheres resulting from the inhomogeneous phase separation were aligned in random orientation and CNTs at different sites were dispersed in epoxy matrix or PSF spheres.
A Novel Low Infrared Emissivity Material by Ni-P-CB Electroless Nanocomposite
Authors: Wu Chun , Liu Xiang Xuan , Wang Xuan Jun
Published: September 2009

Ni-P-CB nanocomposite coatings were successfully deposited on the ABS plastic matrix by electroless plating. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer were used to examine surface morphology and structure of the as-plated coating. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is adopted to obtain the component analysis of the Ni-P-CB composite coating, and the infrared emissivity of coatings were investigated by IRE-I Infrared Emissometer. The SEM and XRD results indicated that the nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously in Ni-P coating. The result of EDS shows that the CB content in coatings increases with the increasing of CB concentration lower than 4g/L in the solution, and Infrared emissivity study at wavelength of 8–14 μm of nanocomposite and its components showed that the composite possessed lower emissivity value than those of pure ABS plastic and Carbon black, and high conduction had great effect on emissivity of nanocomposites. Thereby, the nanocomposite coatings can be extended in application as a novel low infrared emissivity material.value.
Preparation of Multifunctional Carbon Nanotubes/Magnetite Nanocomposites
Authors: Dong Li Jie , Wang Xiang , Huang Jing , Xiong Chuan Xi
Published: September 2009

This paper describered a simple and versatile method to prepare carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/magnetite nanocomposites (MNPs) by covalent interaction. The structure and morphology of CNTs/MNPs nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD and TEM. The magnetic properties and electrical properties were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and LCR meter. The results showed that MNPs were effectively attached onto the surface of CNTs and CNTs/MNPs nanocomposites exhibited outstanding electrical and magnetic response. The saturation magnetization and electrical conductivity can reach ~ 40emu/g and 3.82×10-1S•cm-1, respectively. These one-dimensional electromagnetic nanostructures may find a wide range of applications in nanoelectronics, magnetic data storage, magnetically guided drug delivery and biosensors.
Containing Manganese DMSs Nanostructures via a Nonaqueous Route
Authors: Zhang Yu Liang , Li Xiao Feng
Published: September 2009

The structure and the magnetic properties of 3.0 and 0.3 at.% Mn-containing ZnO-based DMSs, synthesized by a straightforward and experimentally simple nonaqueous route, have been investigated by various characterization techniques, including XRD, HRTEM, and EPR. The as-synthesized doped ZnO nanocrystals retain the wurtzite structure with a morphology in the form of flower-like shape. EPR spectra with g-factor values of 2.0023(3% at.%) and 2.0019(0.3 at.%), respectively, at room temperature were obtained, confirming that the Mn2+ is substitutionally incorporated into the ZnO nanocrystals.
Role of Alkali Treatment on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo Particles Reinforced Polyvinylchloride Composites
Authors: Wang Hui , Lan Tian , Sheng Kui Chuan , Qian Xiang Qun , Chang Rui
Published: September 2009

In order to illustrate the role of alkali treatment of bamboo particles reinforced polyvinylchloride composites (BPPC), bamboo particles were treated by alkali aqueous solution with a serial concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%. Mechanical, thermal properties of alkali treated BPPC and micro-micrographs of the fracture surface were researched and compared with raw bamboo particles fabricated BPPC respectively. Results showed that tensile strength of BPPC increased before the solution reached the concentration of 5% and got a maximum value of 15.07MPa at the concentration of 5%. The curve decreased significantly as the concentration of solution went higher as to 10%. Modules of rupture got a highest value of 44.73MPa till reached the concentration of 2% and then decreased. Modules of elasticity increased in the whole before reached the concentration of 5% and the maximum value was 4362.48MPa which was 5 times more than the original bamboo particles. DSC curves illustrated that raw bamboo particles mixed with PVC showed a higher Tg which meant that raw fiber was not well compatible with PVC and BPPC treated with alkali solution performed a better compatibility. According to SEM observations, interface interaction of fiber-matrix that were modified of alkali solution upon bamboo particles appeared a better interlock action correlated to higher mechanical properties and better compatibility between fiber and matrix. Hence, the use of alkali treated bamboo particles as reinforcement was a feasible and competitive method of creating new materials.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Nanorod Polyaniline/Activated Carbon Composites for Electrochemical Capacitor
Authors: Liu Lan , Wang Wei , He Ben Lin , Sun Ming Liang , Zou Wu Yuan , Wang Ming , Xu Xue Fei
Published: September 2009

In this study, polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by electrochemical method on the surface of active carbon (AC) electrodes. The physical and electrochemistry properties of AC/PANI composite compared with pure AC electrode were investigated by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), galvanostatic charge/discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The AC/PANI composite electrodes showed much higher specific capacitance (624 F•g-1), better power characteristics and were more promising for application in capacitor than pure AC electrodes.
Bending Strength of Sandwich Beams with Nanocomposites Core
Authors: Yeh Meng Kao , Lin Chia Min
Published: September 2009

Composite materials, having advantages of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, are used in many applications, such as musical instrument, acoustical tile, fire wall, sports equipment, aerospace and vehicle industries. Composite products in the form of sandwich structures are specifically useful in recent years. In this paper, the bending strength of sandwich structure made by graphite/epoxy face laminates and core material made by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) reinforced polymer was investigated experimentally. In experiment, the three-point bending test was performed to measure the bending properties of sandwich beams. The influences of fiber orientation in the face laminates and MWNTs content in polymer reinforced nanocomposite core material on the bending strength of sandwich beams were discussed in this paper. The failure mechanism of sandwich beams with various fiber orientations in the face laminates was also discussed.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of BaTiO3 Nanotubes on Ti Substrates
Authors: Zhang Fen , Chen Shou Gang , Yin Yan Sheng , Xue Chao Rui , Lin Chan
Published: September 2009

A novel, low-temperature two-step synthesis method for producing BaTiO3 thin films patterned in the form of nanotubes on Ti substrates is reported. Firstly, the Ti substrate is anodized to produce a surface layer of amorphous TiO2 nanotube arrays. Secondly, the anodized substrate is subjected to hydrothermal treatment in aqueous Ba(OH)2, where the nanotube arrays serve as templates for their hydrothermal conversion to single-crystal BaTiO3 thin film. This opens the possibility of tailoring the nanotube arrays and their combinations in the hydrothermal bath, to produce ordered, patterned thin film structures of various Ti containing ceramics.
Characterization of Diamond-Like Carbon Coating on 16Cr-1C Martensitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Lai Hong Jen , Liu An Chun , Lin Yu Li
Published: September 2009

The 16Cr-1C martensitic stainless steel can provide the higher hardness and better wear resistance for 440C steel. The microstructure of DLC coatings were observed by optical microscope and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The compositional depth profile of DLC films were measured by field-emission Auger electron spectroscopy (Fe-AES). In addition, the micro-hardness and elastic modulus of DLC films were measured by nano-indentation tests. Experimental results show that the total thickness of coating was in the range of 600nm~1100nm. This coating was included of Ti/TiC transition layer and DLC layer. The Ti/TiC transition layer was grown on the 440C stainless steel substrate, and the upper layer was DLC layer. This layer structure was confirmed by the FE-AES analysis. The micro-hardness of DLC coating was measured in the range of 24.2GPa~26.0GPa, and the elastic modulus was measured in the range of 264GPa~313GPa in the nanoindentation test. The nanoscratch results show that DLC films have lower friction coefficients than 440C substrate.
Effect of Al2O3 Powders on Properties of Electrodeposited Ni Matrix
Authors: Zhou Qi , He Chun Lin , Cai Qing Kui
Published: September 2009

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Low Carbon Steel Surface Pretreated by Silane Coupling Agents for Preparing PE Coatings
Authors: Li Ai Ju , Wang Xue Ming
Published: September 2009

It focused on how the low carbon steel surface was pretreated by hydrolyzed KH-560 silane solution and the polyethylene (PE) coatings were prepared on the pretreated surface in the paper. Moreover, the comparison of the adhesive strengths of PE coatings has been made between the coating and the steel substrate surfaces pretreated by silane agents and other various conventional pretreatment methods. The results show that the highest adhesive strength between coatings and steel surface could be acquired on the condition that the concentration of KH-560 was about 5% and the hydrolytic time was 48 hours, and the adhesive strength of coatings coated on the steel substrate surfaces pretreated by silane agents was more or less higher than those pretreated by conventional processes such as sandpaper grinding, acid etching, phosphating and sandblasting by 40.3%, 46%, 17.6% and 13.2%, respectively. The fracture morphology of the coatings coated on silane agent pretreated substrate surface showed cohesive failure, which was also different from the ones coated on the conventional process pretreated substrate surfaces.
A Novel Acrylic Resin Containing Methoxysilane Moiety and its Application in Antifouling Coating
Authors: Wang Qiang , Yu Liang Min , Li Chang Cheng , Li Xia
Published: September 2009

As concerning the high toxicity of organotin paints, the need to develop new environment-friendly antifouling agents has been highlighted. The paper mainly focused on the synthesis of siloxane-acrylic resin and its antifouling performance. The antifouling properties of resins were carried through by the colonization of benthic diatoms (Nitzschia flosterium) and ocean plates of offshore platform. The paper also disclosed that the silicone oil (5.5%, w/w) introduced to siloxane-acrylic resin was significant positive effect for enhancing the antifouling performance in Qingdao ocean.
Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Hydrophilicity of Sulfonated-Polyethersulfone
Authors: Luo Ming Liang , Wen Qing Zhi , Liu Hong Jian , Liu Jia Lin
Published: September 2009

Sulfonated-polyethersulfone/TiO2 (SPES/TiO2) nanoparticle composites with different TiO2 content were prepared by a sol-gel process. These composites have nanosized TiO2 rich domains well dispersed within SPES matrix observed by SEM photograph. The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the hydrophilicity of SPES was discussed by contact angle goniometer. The mechanism of the hydrophilicity improvement of these composites was analyzed by the molecular interaction theory and FT-IR. The hydrogen bond and coordination bond between SPES and TiO2 nanoparticle were observed. Comparing with the pure SPES, the SPES/TiO2 composites exhibited an outstanding increase in hydrophilicity.
Preparation and Characterization of Antibacterial Electrospun Polyurethane Fibers Containing TiO2-Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Xia Su , Wang Zheng , Yang Jing Quan , Hao Li Mei , Wu Jin Hui
Published: September 2009

A novel antibacterial material was prepared by electrospining polyurethane (PU) containing TiO2-Ag nanoparticles in this study. The average diameter of PU electrospun nanofibers decreased with increasing concentration of TiO2-Ag.These nanofibers membrane showed high antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The mixed mode of PU electrospun fibers and TiO2-Ag nanoparticles was a physical form. The addition of TiO2-Ag did not affect the mechanical property of the mat much.
Synthesis of Eu(TTA)3phen•H2O-PVP Composite Film and Study of their Luminescence Properties
Authors: Liu Qing , Yao Zhen Xing , Zheng Xian Peng , Yang Yan Ming , Wei Qin , Du Bin
Published: September 2009

We obtained the Eu(TTA)3phen•H2O-PVP composite film by rare earth complexes Eu(TTA)3 phen•H2O was doped intentionally in polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP), and the factors of effect it’s luminous intensity were investigated. The results indicate that the luminous effect of sample was best when the water and the alcohol proportion is 1: 4 in the resolver, the aggregation-time reached 12 h and the doping concentration of europioun ion reached 0.6%. The infrared spectrum analyses of sample indicate that there is an interaction between Eu(TTA)3phen•H2O and PVP. In addition, the fluorescence spectra and ultraviolet spectrum analyses of sample indicate that polymer materials can not only fix rare earth ions to enhance its luminescence intensity, but also avoid the quenching effect to rare earth caused by water molecule, through the replacement of PVP ligand to water molecule in the complex. The luminous intensity of the rare earth complexes can be greatly enhanced, and the composite film contained high amount of rare earth complexes is obtained, which laid a foundations for further study the film formation properties of rare earth complexes luminous materials.
High Temperature Oxidation Behaviors of Ni-Cr Based Thermal Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Wang Liu Ying , Liu Gu , Wu Yong Fa , Hua Shao Chun , Yao Jian Xun
Published: September 2009

Ni-Cr coating and Ni-Cr/ZrO2 gradated coating were deposited on C45 carbon steel by high velocity arc spraying and micro-plasma spraying to solve the high temperature oxidation problem of medium carbon steel components. The oxidations of Ni-Cr coating, Ni-Cr/ZrO2 gradated coating and C45 carbon steel substrate were carried out for up to 108 hours in air atmosphere at 1100°C. The oxidation behaviors were investigated after detailed examinations by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ni-Cr coating and Ni-Cr/ZrO2 gradated coating show similar and low dynamics curve near to the logarithms function. Surface observations with SEM and XRD reveal that the oxidizing surface of the C45 carbon steel substrate is mainly a loose spherical structure consisted of mainly Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. The surface structures of Ni-Cr coating and Ni-Cr/ZrO2 gradated coating after 108 hours oxidization are rather denser than that of C45 carbon steel, which can effectively improve the properties of the oxidation resistance of C45 carbon steel substrate.
Effect of Fly Ash and Slag on the Resistance to H2S Attack of Oil Well Cement
Authors: Wang Qi , Qiao Lin , Song Peng
Published: September 2009

In this paper, the resistance to H2S attack of pastes made from slag-fly ash blended cement used in oil well (SFAOW) was studied, in which fly ash (FA) was used at replacement dosages of 30% to 60% by weight of slag. Samples of SCOW and SFAOW pastes were demoulded and cured by immersion in fresh water with 2 Mp H2S insulfflation under 130oC for 15 days. After this curing period, compression strength and permeability of the samples were investigated. The reaction mechanisms of H2S with the paste were carried out through a microstructure study, which included the use of x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the obtained data in this study, incorporation of FA into SCOW results in the comparable effects in the resistance to H2S attack. When the replacement dosage of slag is about 40%, the paste exhibits the best performance on resistance to H2S attack with compression strength 36.58Mp.
Preparation of WS2/MoS2/C Composite Films and their Tribological Properties
Authors: Zhou Lei , Yin Gui Lin , Wang Yu Dong , Yu Zhen , He Dan Nong
Published: September 2009

WS2/MoS2/C composite lubricating films were prepared in an Ar/C2H2 atmosphere by magnetron reaction-sputtering using a WS2/MoS2 composite target. The relationship between the microstructure and the tribological performance of the films was investigated. The composite film has a compact microstructure, which is shown to have much superior tribological performance with lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance than pure MoS2 film in humid atmospheric conditions at room temperature. An increase in hardness of nearly one order of magnitude was reached, too.
Design of Ultrasonic Vibrator for Conformal Coating Spray in LED Packaging
Authors: Son Byeong Ho , Choi Seung Bok , Nguyen Quoc Hung , Hong Seung Min , Lee Soo Jin , Lee Yong Hun , Choi Min Kyu
Published: September 2009

This paper presents the design of ultrasonic vibrator utilizing a piezoelectric actuator. After describing a geometric configuration of the proposed atomizer, an analytical model of the ultrasonic atomizer is formulated by considering liquid film surface theory and wave theory. The dynamic analysis is then undertaken using a finite element analysis to determine principal longitudinal vibration modes. An optimization is performed by taking the amplitude of the tip displacement as an objective function. The fluid flow characteristics of the proposed atomizer is also analyzed under operating conditions through commercial software FLUENT.
Biomimetic Artificial PVDF Film Reproduce the Superhydrophobic Property of a Lotus Leaf
Authors: Zheng Zhen Rong , Gu Zhen Ya , Huo Rui Ting , Xie Mian Gui
Published: September 2009

Lotus flower is a symbol of purity in Asian cultures, when growing from muddy waters it stays clean and uncontaminated. The "self-cleaning" surface of lotus leaf is hydrophobic and rough, showing hierarchical micro- and nano-scale structures. Stimulated by “lotus effect”, the microreliefs of lotus leaf was mimicked using PVDF film and the nano-scale protrusions on the top of the microreliefs were implemented by the mixed solution of dimethyldichlorosilane (DDS) and methyltrichlorosilane (MTS). A lotus-leaf-like surface of the PVDF film was clearly observed by SEM. Elemental composition analysis by XPS revealed that the nanostructure materials of PVDF film were polymethylsiloxane and polydimethylsiloxane. The superhydrophobic property of the mimicked self-cleaning surface was validated by the water contact angle and sliding angle on the lotus-leaf-like PVDF film, which are 155°and 4°, respectively. In this case, water drops can easily move across the PVDF film surface, carrying dirt particles away, leaving no contamination.
Corrosion-Wear Behavior of TiO2 Films in Hanks’ Solution
Authors: Wang He Feng , Tian Lin Hai , Liu Wei Yan , Li Xiu Yan , Tang Bin
Published: September 2009

TiO2 films were fabricated on stainless steel (SS) substrate by plasma surface alloying and thermal oxidation duplex process. Composition and microstructure of the films were characterized using glow discharge spectrometer (GDOES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and XRD. Results reveal that the TiO2 films are dense, homogeneous and existed in a complete anatase structure. Both Ti and O elements show gradient distribution in the films. The wear behavior of TiO2 films in Hanks’ solution indicates that the films display much better wear resistance and antifriction performance than that of SS substrate. Electrochemistry noise tests indicate that the TiO2 films effectively retard the local pitting and crevice corrosion of the SS substrate.
Prepared and Microwave-Absorption Properties Investigation of χ-C-Fe-Si/SiC Coated Fe Nanocapsules
Authors: Shi Gui Mei , Zhang Jin Hu , Lian Shu , Song Ge , Zhang Jin Bing
Published: September 2009

-C-Fe-Si/SiC coated Fe nanocapsules were prepared by arc evaporating the mixture of Fe and SiC powders in He and H2 atmosphere, and their microstructure, surface compositions and electromagnetic(EM) properties(2–18GHz) were investigated by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and network analyzer, respectively. The reflection loss R of less than –20 dB was obtained in the frequency range of 3.13–13.6 GHz with an absorber thickness of 2.0–5.5 mm. An optimal reflection loss of–37.2 dB was reached at 5.6GHz with an absorber thickness of 4.5mm. The microwave absorptive mechanisms of -C-Fe-Si/SiC coated Fe nanocapsules absorbent were discussed.
Fabrication of Ni-MF/Al2O3 Ceramic Composites
Authors: Xing Guo Hong , Wang Zhi , Liu Jian Fei , Shi Guo Pu
Published: September 2009

Ni-MF/Al2O3 composite was fabricated using traditional method. The specimens covered with graphite were sintered at 1400°C, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-MF/Al2O3 composites were studied. Results showed that the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were dramatically changed with the content of nickel. When the content of Ni was 15 wt% and no-coated MF was 10%, the composite obtained better mechanical properties, its flexural strength and fracture toughness were up to 734.40 MPa and 10.17 MPa•m1/2 respectively. The toughening mechanisms of the composites were attributed to the fiber extraction and debonding, metal bridging and deforming plastically.
Effects of the Deposition Temperature on the Structure and Solar Control Performance of TiN Coatings Prepared by APCVD
Authors: Duan Gang Feng , Zhao Gao Ling , Lin Xiao Xuan , Han Gao Rong
Published: September 2009

Titanium nitride coatings were prepared on common glass slides using TiCl4 and NH3 by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. The deposition temperature range from 450-650 °C was applied. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray Spectrometer, four-point probe sheet resistance instrument and UV-Vis spectrometer were employed to characterize the obtained coatings. The crystallization and electrical conductivity of the coatings was improved with increasing deposition temperature. The reflectance and transmittance spectra showed all the coatings exhibited solar control performance. The coating prepared at 650 °C presented the optimum solar control performance in the present study.
Transparent Conducting SnO2:Zn Films Prepared on Sapphire by MOCVD
Authors: Song Zhen Guo , Ji Feng , Ma Jin , Ning Ti , Pei Xu An , Tan Yong Liang
Published: September 2009

1-10% {atomic ratio of Zn/(Zn+Sn)} zinc-doped tin oxide (SnO2:Zn) films were successfully prepared on sapphire substrates by MOCVD method. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the SnO2:Zn films were investigated. The obtained films were high quality crystalline films with high a-axis orientation. The optical transmittance of the SnO2:Zn films with the thickness 1-1.4μm was about 80% in visible region. The Hall mobility and carrier concentration of the SnO2:Zn films varied with the Zn content increasing.
Study on Fabrication and Properties of Copper-Tin-Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Ning Ti , Ji Feng , Ma Jin , Song Zhen Guo , Pei Xu An , Tan Yong Liang
Published: September 2009

Copper-tin-oxide thin films have been prepared on quartz substrates by the magnetron sputtering method. The structural,optical and electrical properties were investigated. The prepared samples were amorphous, CuSnO3 single crystalline grains with perovskite structure were observed after annealing temperature was above 530°C. The optical and electrical properties had great dependence with reactive gas pressure and annealing temperature. Thermal probe reveals p type conductivity of some samples.
Keywords: Magnetron sputtering, CuSnO3, Perovskite structure
Effect of CeO2 on Microstructure and Properties of WC/Ni60 Coating by Laser Cladding
Authors: Ye Hong , Zhang X.B. , Xue Z.F. , Fan Y.H. , Chen Ke
Published: September 2009

The composite coatings of self-flux alloy matrix reinforced by WC-12%Co were produced on the surface of 45 steel using laser cladding technology. The effects of CeO2 to macro-morphology, microstructure, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of cladding layer were investigated. The results show that rare earths oxide (CeO2) added laser cladding coating has distribution, dimension phases and less deficiency. CeO2 could promote liquating process of WC, increasing the quantity and distribute uniformity of intermetallic compounds in laser cladding layer. Because of dispersion precipitation and fine-crystal strengthen effect, laser cladding layer with CeO2 has higher microhardness, wearing resistance and better corrosion resistance properties.
Maleic Anhydride Coating for Strontium Aluminate-Based Phosphors
Authors: Yu Sheng Fei
Published: September 2009

Strontium aluminate-based phosphors SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ (SAO-ED) are coated directly by the interfacial coordination chemistry method with maleic anhydride to prevent their hydrolysis in moist air. SEM, XPS, TG and DSC methods are used to characterize the coating. The results showed SAO-ED phosphors coordinated with maleic anhydride by the coordination bond and . The introduction of maleic anhydride doesn’t change the excitation and emission spectra of SAO-ED phosphors, which is proved by the photoluminescence measurement. The SAO-ED phosphor coated with 30 wt. % maleic anhydride has higher water-resistance at the cost of a minor loss of persistent phosphorescence than that of SAO-ED phosphor.
Appearance of the Mechanical Plating Formed by Zn-Al Compounding Flake Powders and its Anticorrosion
Authors: Lu Jie
Published: September 2009

In this study, a comparison of appearance surface and fracture surface of mechanical plating was made, respectively formed by spherical Zn powders and Zn-Al compounding flake powders. It is found that the spherical particles are deposited and embedded on Zn plating. The deformation of granular Zn powders on coating superficial is relatively large, but there is little distortion of globe grain inside the coating, mainly with spheroidicity distorted. Besides, there are obvious gaps between the particles in Zn coating. In contrast, the flake structure granules of Zn-Al plating are densely and compactly laid out with small space. After contacting with air, the plating coat expands owing to aluminum oxidation, leading to the higher position of the plating coat on the cross section than the matrix metal. We then did salt mist test to verify the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al compounding flake coating. It was found that the Zn-Al compounding flake coating was superior to that formed by globe Zn powder. Results show that the addition of layers of flakes has a better shielding action resisting corrosive medium, leading to the decrease of the osmosis from corrosive medium to the coatings. And the coating can repair naturally after being damaged. We further passivate plating with molybdate to improve the anticorrosion of the coating.
In Vitro Study of Microplasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings in Simulated Body Fluid
Authors: Zhao Qiu Ying , He Ding Yong , Li Xiao Yan , Jiang Jian Min
Published: September 2009

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings were deposited onto Ti6Al4V substrate by microplasma spraying (MPS) in the current research. The morphology, phase compositions, and percentage of crystallinity of the coatings were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. An in vitro evaluation by soaking the coatings in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 14 days was conducted aiming at the evaluation of their bioactivity. Results from the present investigation suggest that microplasma sprayed HA coatings exhibited certain roughness, pores, and microcracks. Thermal decomposition existed in the coatings where HA, α-TCP，β-TCP, amorphous phases, and CaO-exclusive impurities were observed. The in vitro test indicated that HA coatings deposited by MPS possessed better bioactivity and stability. A layer of carbonate-apatite covered most of the coating surface, which did not exhibit significant spalling after incubation in SBF.
Tailoring Photocatalytic Properties of Tungsten Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Duta Anca , Enesca Alexandru , Andronic Luminita
Published: September 2009

The structural and surface properties of thin, metal oxides films can be tailored by including various additives in the precursors’ systm. The paper presents a comparative approach concerning the properties of WO3 thin layers obtained via spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers as additives. The influence of the thin films composition and morphology is reported, considering their applications of photocatalyst in the advanced treatment of waters resulted in the dye finishing industry, containing methylen blue and methyl orange.
Fabrication of (200)-Textured NiO Films on Glass Substrate Using Radio Frequency Sputtering
Authors: Chen S.C. , Kuo T.Y. , Lin Y.C. , Kuo Po Cheng
Published: September 2009

The experimental result shows that the preferred orientations of NiO thin films are closely related to the working pressure of argon. All of NiO(111), NiO(200), and NiO(220) diffraction peaks are observed in the XRD patterns and exhibited random orientation of NiO film when the film is deposited in low Ar pressure of 5 mTorr. As the Ar pressure is increased to 20 mTorr, only NiO(200) peak appears and shows (200)-textured NiO films. However, the lattice parameter of NiO film deposited in high Ar pressure of 20 mTorr is 0.424 nm, which is much larger than that of NiO bulk (0.417 nm). The lattice parameter can be decreased by post-annealing the film due to the interstitial Ar atoms are released from the NiO lattice and it reduces continuously from 0.423 to 0.417 nm as the NiO films are annealed from 300 to 600 °C. Therefore, post-annealing the NiO film deposited in higher Ar pressure will reduce the lattice misfit between the NiO and L10 FePt film that is beneficial to improve the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of FePt film.
Investigation of Cold Sprayed NiCoCrAlY Bond Coating
Authors: Li Xiang Bo
Published: September 2009

In this paper, NiCoCrAlY coating was deposited by cold spraying with helium gas under the temperature of 500°C and pressure of 2.6 MPa. The microstructure of the coating was characterized through surface morphology and cross-sectional microstructure by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the coating is deposited through intensive plastic deformation of the spray particles by high-speed impact, and no oxygen phenomena discovered in the cold spray process. We also detected the micro-hardness using the Digital Vickers Microhardness Tester. Result revealed that a compact texture and high micro-hardness NiCoCrAlY coating can be obtained by cold spray.
Preparation and Electrochromic Properties of Mesoporous WO3 Film
Authors: Shang Fu Liang , Yang Hai Tao , Lin Wei Lin , Gao Ling
Published: September 2009

The WO3 film was prepared by dip coating method with WCl6 as the soure of tungsten and P123 as the structure-directing agent. The crystalline phase and microstructure of the film were characterized through XRD and TEM techniques, respectively. It was found the film annealed at 300°C for 4h mainly was amorphous WO3 with a little monoclinic WO3. The TEM micrographs revealed the film was partly ordered mesoporous and the mean pore diameter was about 5nm. The measurements of the cyclic voltammetry suggested that the WO3 film had a good electrochromic reversibility performance. The ratio of amount of charge intercalated and amount of charge deintercalated during the cyclic voltammetry, was over 99%. The film possessed a very short respond time which was only about 3.1s.
Preparation and Characterization of Lanthanum Self-Assembled Nano-Films
Authors: Yu Guo Xian , Sun Mo Bin , Zhou Xiao Long , Li Cheng Lie , Chen Li Fang , Wang Jin An
Published: September 2009

Lanthanum (La) nano-films prepared by a self-assembled technique on a silicone-based material surface, was studied by using an all-round functional Turbiscan LAB stability analyzer and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) as well as atomic force microscope (AFM). La content introduced in the assembled nano-film reached a maximum at pH value between 5 and 6. In the preparation of colloidal sol, no phase separation took place at 60 °C where the colloidal particles uniformly and stably dispersed in the solution. The optimum topographic feature was observed after 24 hours, whence self-assembled process was performed. The particle dispersion of the assembled film was uniform and compact at the optimum EDTA to La molar ratio 0.5.
Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Composite La-TiO2/ITO Thin-Film Electrodes
Authors: Chang Ming Yi , Wang Wei Fu , Hsieh Yung Hsu , Chang Chen Yu
Published: September 2009

The different molar ratios of La/Ti (0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.100) photocatalytic electrodes use in this study were synthesized by sol-gel method and dip-coating method. The XRD pattern of TiO2/ITO presents only anatase phases, [1] but for La-TiO2/ITO presents both anatase and rutile phases. The SEM image of the La-TiO2/ITO showed particles of regular shapes with smaller size (＜10nm) compared to the TiO2/ITO, which presented uniform particles of spherical structure and larger size （20nm）.The La-TiO2/ITO photocatalytic electrode with molar ratio 0.050 shows the best ability both on the absorbtion and photocatalytsis. Applied potential 2.0V would effectively increase the photoelectrocatlaytic activity under visible light irradiation.
The Energy Transition on Superhydrophobic Surface by Electrowetting Control
Authors: Wu Jun , Xia Jun , Wang B.P.
Published: September 2009

Transition between Wenzel and Cassie states on superhydrophobic surface has attracted substantial interest from various research communities. The transition between the two states is realized by the methods of changing surface structure in micron scale, or changing the surface tension between a droplet and a solid surface through external electric field, temperature, light, etc. In this paper we design a rough surface on aluminum substrate with the etching processes, on which a large superhydrophobic surface is achieved easily and economically. On this surface, a drop of saline solution water forms a nearly perfect spherical pearl with the apparent contact angle over than 160°. By applying external voltage between the substrate and the solution, we observe a different electrowetting phenomenon from the case on other superhydrophobic surfaces, i.e. on silicon nanowires coated with hydrophobic fluoropolymer C4F8. This difference is discussed and explained by asymmetry of the superhydrophobic surface which increases the hysteresis. A saturated apparent contact angle is also observed as the applied voltage increased to a specific value.
Effects of Annealing on the Optical and Electronic Properties of Poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Copolymer Thin Films
Authors: Li Yu Xiang , Wang Yan , Wang Qing Pu , Ma Chun Lei
Published: September 2009

Thin films of vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer have been deposited onto bare Si and SiO2 by spin casting from methylethylketone solutions. The structures and optical and electronic properties for P(VDF-TrFE) films after vacuum and forming gas annealing were studied. The degree of structural order and the crystallinity determined by X-ray diffraction were increased with the thermal annealing time. Ellipsometry spectroscopy were employed to investigate the changes in the thickness, refractive indices n, and the anisotropic properties. The results reflected that the n was increased with the thermal annealing time and temperature, and the anisotropy of the annealed films was strengthened with the annealing time and temperature. Metal-polymer-(oxide)-semiconductor capacitors were used to measure the static dielectric constant K and interfacial electronic properties of P(VDF-TrFE) on Si which the K increase with film thickness and thermal annealing. The interface at Al-P(VDF-TrFE) and/or P(VDF-TrFE)-Si affect the K value which is sensitive for films thinner than 120 nm. The Si-P(VDF-TrFE) interface quality determined using capacitance-voltage and current-voltage measurementswas found to be improved after forming gas annealed.
Influences on Optoelectronic Properties of Damp Heat Stability of AZO and GZO for Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Yen Wen Tsai , Ke Jia Hong , Wang Hsin Jung , Lin Yi Cheng , Chiang Jung Lung
Published: September 2009

This study investigates the effects of damp heat stability on the optoelectronic properties of ZnO:Al (AZO) and ZnO:Ga(GZO) films with respect to thin-film solar cells. The lowest resistivities of AZO and GZO thin films are 8.2621×10-4 Ω-cm and 2.8561×10-4 Ω-cm, respectively. After damp heat testing for 999h, the resistivities of AZO and GZO thin film increase by 39.72% and 11.97%, respectively. XPS binding energy analysis shows that the AZO thin film has a higher O 1s spectrum than the GZO thin film. Thus, the carrier concentration of films decreases, as a higher binding energy is attributed to the chemisorbed oxygen atoms (O-). Experimental results show that after expousre to a damp heat test at 85°C and 85% relative humidity for electrical, optical, structural, and morphological analysis, GZO films are more stable than AZO films.
Application of V2O5 in Thin Film Microbatteries Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Zhang Liang Tang , Song Jie , Dong Quan Feng , Wu Sun Tao
Published: September 2009

The polycrystalline V2O5 films as the anode in V2O5 /LiPON /LiCoO2 lithium microbattary were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering system. The V2O5 films’ crystal structures, surface morphologies and composition were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The microbatteries were fabricated by micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology. The battery active unit area is 500μm×500μm, and the thickness of V2O5, LiPON and LiCoO2 films was estimated to be 200, 610, and 220nm, respectively. The discharge volumetric capacity is between 9.36μAhcm-2μm-1 and 9.63μAhcm-2μm-1 after 40 cycles.
Resistivity Study on Early Hydration Process of Phosphoaluminate Cementitious Material
Authors: Zhang Ming , Ding Zhu , Xing Feng , Liu Peng
Published: September 2009

An electrodeless resistivity measurement system developed recently can provide a reliable method for monitoring the hydration process of cement-based materials continuously and accurately. Phosphoaluminate cement (PAC) sets quickly and develops high early strength. In order to understand the mechanism, the hydration products and microstructure formation of PAC in early age need to be studied. In the study, early hydration process of PAC with different dosage of retarder was investigated by the electrodeless resistivity equipment. According to resistivity-time curve, resistivity of freshly mixed PAC paste decreases sharply and then rises slowly, some characteristic peaks appear at different hydration stages of PAC. Heat evolution of PAC was also measured. The hydration mechanism and structure formation were studied according to these results. Depending on the dosage of retarder, the hydration process of PAC includes four stages which are dissolution, induction, acceleration and deceleration.
The Corrosion Mechanism of Cu-Containing Weathering Steel in a Cyclic Dry-Wet Condition
Authors: Yue Li Jie , Chen Wei Gong
Published: September 2009

The weather resistance of 10CuPRE、10CuP and Q235 steels were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test. The corrosion resistance mechanism of rare earth Cu-containing weathering steel was studied through electrochemical polarization test, scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X ray diffraction(XRD). The results show the small and spherical rare earth oxysulfides replace the elongated MnS inclusions in the rare earth weathering steel. Less and fewer rare earth oxysulfides heavily decrease pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation. So the electrochemical corrosion of microarea in the steel matrix is weakened after rare earth was added in the Cu-containing weathering steel. The inner rust layer of rare earth weathering steel is more compact and uniform than that of weathering steel without rare earth. The main corrosion product on the rare earth weathering steel is α-FeOOH. The formation of the steady corrosion product is promoted by rare earth, which result in that the protective property of the inner rust layer on weathering steels is enhanced. As a result, the corrosion resistance of Cu-containing weathering steel is improved by rare earth elements.
Effect of Alternating Pressure of Seawater on Protective Properties of Organic Coating on Steel Substrate
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Xiang Bo , Wang Jia
Published: September 2009

In natural seawater environment, temperature and chlorine ion are important factors for organic coating degradation. The alternating pressure of seawater can also affect the lifetime in deep-sea environment and probably is conducive to synergistic effects with other ageing factors. The present work is to investigate the effect of alternating pressure of seawater on protective properties of epoxy organic coating on 907A steel substrate, and evaluates the organic coating degradation process after pressure tests at atmospheric pressure. EIS was used to study the degradation process of the organic coating in natural seawater. The results demonstrated that the impedance of coating under alternating pressure of seawater conditions decreased faster than that at atmospheric pressure. With the increase of alternating pressure cycles, the entire degradation process of organic coating was accelerated. It is concluded that alternating pressure of seawater has to be considered as an aggressive factor like temperature or chlorine ion.
Preparation and Characterization of Cu-Inorganic Antibacterial Material Containing Rare Earths
Authors: Zhang Bin , Tang Xiao Ning , Xie Gang , He Su Qiong , Dong Yang
Published: September 2009

In this study, we synthesized a new inorganic antibacterial material, of which Cu2+ was selected to be the antibacterial ion, cerous nitrate served as the additives, and the white carbon black was chosen as the carrier, which was prepared by a sol-gel method. The as-synthesized antibacterial material was characterized by inductively coupled plasma, particle size measurement instrument, scanning electron microscope and enumeration tests. The result showed that the amount of antibacterial ions and bacteriostasis rate of this new material are higher than those for the common Cu-inorganic antibacterial material without rare earths. In addition, the particle size of this material can be extended down to 20 μm with a narrow size distribution. Other advantages of this material are its loose and dispersive structure.
Fabrication and Corrosion Behavior of Electroless Ni-W-P Coating on Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Zhou Quan , Sun Wan Chang , Zhu Ming , Tan Ming Feng
Published: September 2009

Ternary Ni-W-P coating was synthesized from a sulfate nickel bath. The planting rate is about 10µm/h, and the bath shows a reasonable stability. The coating shows a good adhesion to the substrate. The microhardness and corrosion resistance of the Ni–W–P deposits were found to be better when compared to plain Ni–P deposits. Also, the Ni-W-P coating with a high W content exhibits a better hardness and corrosion resistance than that with a low W content.