bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symmetry reduction of variational bicomplexes and the principle of symmetric criticality
Authors: Anderson Ian M. , Fels Mark E.
Published: February 2007

Consider a system of differential equations Δ = 0 which is invariant under a Lie group G of point transformations acting on the space E of independent and dependent variables. By a method due to Lie, the G invariant solutions of these differential equations are found by solving a reduced system of differential equations [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] = 0 on the space [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] of invariants of G . In this paper we explore the relationship between the G invariant conservation laws and variational principles for the system of equations Δ = 0 and the conservation laws and variational principles for the reduced equations [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /] = 0. This problem translates into one of constructing a certain cochain map [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="04i" /] between the G invariant variational bicomplex for the infinite jet space on E and the free variational bicomplex for [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="05i" /]. We prove that such a cochain map exists locally if and only if the relative Lie algebra cohomology condition H q (Γ, Γ 0 ( e 0 )) ≠ 0 is satisfied, where q is the orbit dimension of G , Γ the Lie algebra of vector fields on E which generate the infinitesimal action of G , and Γ 0 ( e 0 ) the linear isotropy subalgebra of Γ at e 0 . As a simple consequence we prove that the vanishing of H q (Γ, Γ 0 ( e 0 )) is the only local obstruction to Palais' principle of symmetric criticality.
Fixed-point theory for homogeneous spaces
Authors: Wong Peter
Published: February 2007

Let G be a compact connected Lie group, K a closed subgroup (not necessarily connected) and M = G/K the homogeneous space of left cosets. Assume that M is orientable and p * : H n ( G ) → H n ( M ) is nonzero, where n = dim M . In this paper, we employ an equivariant version of Nielsen root theory to show that the converse of the Lefschetz fixed-point theorem holds true for all selfmaps on M . Moreover, if the Lefschetz number of a selfmap f : M → M is nonzero, then the Nielsen number of f coincides with the Reidemeister number of f , which can be computed algebraically.
Asymptotics of the Archimedean height pairing
Authors: Wang Bin
Published: February 2007

Let X be a compact Kähler manifold of dimension n . Let A and B be two analytic submanifolds of dimensions p and q respectivelly. Assume p + q = n - 1, A and B intersect cleanly at a submanifold M of dimension m . Let A t be a differentiable deformation of A = A 0 for the complex number t around 0, such that A t ∩ B = Ø for t ≠ 0, and the deformation A t is analytic in a neighborhood of M . Let G B be a Green's current of B (smooth on X \ B ). We prove the asymptotic formula ∫ A t G B = e log | t | 2 + O (1) where e = ∫ M c m ( TX /( TA + TB )). The asymptotics suggest that e is an obstruction to the existence of positive Green's currents.
Hausdorff dimension and conformal dynamics, III: Computation of dimension
Authors: McMullen Curtis T.
Published: February 2007

This paper presents an eigenvalue algorithm for accurately computing the Hausdorff dimension of limit sets of Kleinian groups and Julia sets of rational maps. The algorithm is applied to Schottky groups, quadratic polynomials and Blaschke products, yielding both numerical and theoretical results. Dimension graphs are presented for (a) the family of Fuchsian groups generated by reflections in 3 symmetric geodesics; (b) the family of polynomials f c ( z ) = z 2 + c, c ∈ [-1, 1/2]; and (c) the family of rational maps f t ( z ) = z / t + 1/ z, t ∈ (0, 1]. We also calculate H.dim (Λ) ≈ 1.305688 for the Apollonian gasket, and H.dim ( J ( f )) ≈ 1.3934 for Douady's rabbit, where f ( z ) = z 2 + c satisfies f 3 (0) = 0.
On the Bézout problem and area of interpolating varieties in C n , II
Authors: Li Bao Qin
Published: February 2007

We give an estimate on the growth of the volume of zeros of entire holomorphic maps from C n to C n . The methods of Li-Taylor for the estimates for certain holomorphic maps are used to provide the better estimate, which applies to general entire holomorphic maps and is shown to be "precise" by an example.
An explicit formula for Siegel series
Authors: Katsurada Hidenori
Published: February 2007

Combining induction formulas for local densities with a functional equation for the Siegel series, we give an explicit formula for the Siegel series. By this formula, we also give an explicit formula for the Fourier coefficients of the Siegel Eisenstein series.
A priori bounds for co-dimension one isometric embeddings
Authors: Li Yanyan , Weinstein Gilbert
Published: February 2007

Let X : ([inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /], g ) → [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] be a C 4 isometric embedding of a C4 metric g of nonnegative sectional curvature on [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /] into the Euclidean space [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="04i" /]. We prove a priori bounds for the trace of the second fundamental form H , in terms of the scalar curvature R of g , and the diameter d of the space ([inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="05i" /], g ). These estimates give a bound on the extrinsic geometry in terms of intrinsic quantities. They generalize estimates originally obtained by Weyl for the case n = 2 and positive curvature, and then by P. Guan and the first author for nonnegative curvature and n = 2. Using C 2,α interior estimates of Evans and Krylov for concave fully nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations, these bounds allow us to obtain the following convergence theorem: For any ∈ > 0, the set of metrics of nonnegative sectional curvature and scalar curvature bounded below by ∈ which are isometrically embedable in Euclidean space [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="06i" /] is closed in the Hölder space C 4,α , 0 < α < 1. These results are obtained in an effort to understand the following higher dimensional version of the Weyl embedding problem which we propose: Suppose that g is a smooth metric of nonnegative sectional curvature and positive scalar curvature on [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="07i" /] which admits locally convex isometric embedding into [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="08i" /]. Does ([inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="09i" /], g ) then admit a smooth global isometric embedding X : ([inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="10i" /], g ) → [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="11i" /]?
The maximum order of finite groups of automorphisms of K 3 surfaces
Authors: Kondō Shigeyuki
Published: February 2007

Let G be a finite group of automorphisms of a K 3 surface X . We shall show that | G | ≤ 3840 and if | G | = 3840, then the pair ( X, G ) is unique up to isomorphisms.
Loop structures on homotopy fibers of self maps of spheres
Authors: Broto Carlos , Levi Ran
Published: February 2007

Let S 2 n -1 { k } denote the fiber of the degree k map on the sphere S 2 n -1 . If k = p r , where p is an odd prime and n divides p - 1, then S 2 n -1 { k } is known to be a loop space. It is also known that S 3 {2 r } is a loop space for r ≥ 3. In this paper we study the possible loop structures on this family of spaces for all primes p . In particular we show that S 3 {4} is not a loop space. Our main result is that whenever S 2 n -1 { p r } is a loop space, the loop structure is unique up to homotopy.
Diagonalization of nondiagonalizable discrete holomorphic dynamical systems
Authors: Abate Marco
Published: February 2007

We shall describe a canonical procedure to associate to any (germ of) holomorphic self-map F of [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] n fixing the origin so that dF O is invertible and nondiagonalizable an n -dimensional complex manifold M , a holomorphic map π: M → [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] n , a point e ∈ M and a (germ of) holomorphic self-map [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /] of M such that: π restricted to M \π -1 ( O is a biholomorphism between M \π -1 ( O ) and [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="04i" /] n \{ O }; π ○ [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="05i" /] = F ○ π; and e is a fixed point of [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="06i" /] such that [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="07i" /] is diagonalizable. Furthermore, we shall use this construction to describe the local dynamics of such an F nearby the origin when sp ( dF O ) = {1}.
Newton polygons as lattice points
Authors: Chai Ching-Li
Published: February 2007

Let M be the reduction modulo p of a Shimura variety, and let N ( M ) be the partially ordered set predicted to be the set of all types occurring in the stratification of M by Newton polygons, in the context of F -isocrystals with additional structures. We prove that N ( M ) is ranked (or catenary ), in the sense that any two maximal chains have the same length. We also give a Lie-theoretic formula for the distance between two comparable elements in N ( M ). This formula can be used to give the expected dimension of the Newton strata of M .
L -functions for the p -adic group GSp (4)
Authors: Takloo-Bighash Ramin
Published: February 2007

In this paper we compute the local L -factors for Novodvorsky integrals for all generic representations of the group GSp (4) over a nonarchemidean local field.
On the reductive Borel-Serre compactification: L p -cohomology of arithmetic groups (for large p )
Authors: Zucker Steven
Published: February 2007

The L 2 -cohomology of an arithmetic quotient of an Hermitian symmetric space (i.e., of a locally symmetric variety) is known to have the topological interpretation as the intersection homology of its Baily-Borel Satake compactification. In this article, we observe that even without the Hermitian hypothesis, the L p -cohomology of an arithmetic quotient, for p finite and sufficiently large, is isomorphic to the ordinary cohomology of its reductive Borel-Serre compactification. We use this to generalize a theorem of Mumford concerning homogeneous vector bundles, their invariant Chern forms and the canonical extensions of the bundles; here, though, we are referring to canonical extensions to the reductive Borel-Serre compactification of any arithmetic quotient. To achieve that, we give a systematic discussion of vector bundles and Chern classes on stratified spaces.
Cochain multiplications
Authors: Mandell Michael A.
Published: February 2007

We describe a refinement of the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms that provides a necessary and sufficient condition for functors from spaces to differential graded algebras or E ∞ differential graded algebras to be naturally quasi-isomorphic to the singular cochain functor.
Alcoves associated to special fibers of local models
Authors: Haines Thomas J. , Ngô Bao CHâu
Published: February 2007

The special fiber of the local model of a PEL Shimura variety with Iwahori-type level structure admits a cellular decomposition. The set of strata is in a natural way a finite subset of the affine Weyl group determined by the Shimura data. In this paper, we generalize and give a new proof of a theorem of Kottwitz and Rapoport concerning the description of this set for the case of linear and symplectic groups. For higher rank groups not of type A n , we produce counterexamples showing the situation is not as nice in general. We also recover a theorem of Deodhar characterizing the Bruhat order on S n .
Adjoints of elliptic cone operators
Authors: Gil Juan B. , Mendoza Gerardo A.
Published: February 2007

We study the adjointness problem for the closed extensions of a general b -elliptic operator A ∈ x -ν Diff m b ( M ; E ), ν > 0, initially defined as an unbounded operator A : C ∞ c ( M ; E ) ∈ x μ L 2 b ( M ; E ) → x μ L 2 b ( M ; E ), μ ∈ [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]. The case where A is a symmetric semibounded operator is of particular interest, and we give a complete description of the domain of the Friedrichs extension of such an operator.
Addendum to "Defects for ample divisors of abelian varieties, Schwarz lemma, and hyperbolic hypersurfaces of low degrees," American Journal of Mathematics 119 (1997), 1139-1172
Authors: Siu Yum-Tong , Yeung Sai-Kee
Published: February 2007

This addendum uses Bloch's original technique of ordinary differential equations to circumvent a difficulty in the proof of Lemma 2 in the paper in the title. This technique at the same time yields the following stronger Nevanlinna's Second Main Theorem with truncation at an order given explicitly by the Chern class of the divisor. For an ample divisor D in an abelian variety A of complex dimension n and for any holomorphic map f : C → A whose image is not contained in any translate of D , the characteristic function of f for D is dominated by the counting function of f for D truncated at order k n plus an error term of logarithmic order of the characteristic function, where k n is inductively given by k 0 = 0, k 1 = 1, and k ℓ+1 = k ℓ + 3 n -ℓ-1 (4( k ℓ + 1)) ℓ D n for 1 ≤ ℓ < n .
Cycle map for strictly decomposable cycles
Authors: Rosenschon Andreas , Saito Morihiko
Published: February 2007

We introduce a class of cycles, called nondegenerate, strictly decomposable cycles, and show that the image of each cycle in this class under the refined cycle map to an extension group in the derived category of arithmetic mixed Hodge structures does not vanish. This class contains certain cycles in the kernel of the Abel-Jacobi map. The construction gives a refinement of Nori's argument in the case of a self-product of a curve. As an application, we show that a higher cycle which is not annihilated by the reduced higher Abel-Jacobi map produces uncountably many indecomposable higher cycles on the product with a variety having a nonzero global 1-form.
Pseudo-Dionysius Art of Rhetoric 8-11: Figured Speech, Declamation, and Criticism
Authors: Heath Malcolm
Published: February 2007

This paper considers the date and authorship of chapters
8-11 of the Art of Rhetoric� falsely attributed to Dionysius
of Halicarnassus. Analysis of the two chapters on "figured speech"
suggests that chapter 9 is an unfinished attempt by the author of chapter
8 to rework the material into a more radical (but, in fact, conceptually
flawed) refutation of those who rejected the concept. Distinctive common
features indicate that chapters 10-11, on declamation and criticism,
are by the same author. The texts probably date to the early second
century A.D.; the author was perhaps the Aelius Sarapion
attested in the Suda.
Horizontal Women: Posture and Sex in the Roman Convivium
Authors: Roller Matthew B.
Published: February 2007

This paper examines literary and visual evidence
for women's dining posture at Rome. I distinguish actual social
practice from the ideology of representation, while recognizing their
interdependence. Contrary to the view that "respectable" women dined
seated until the Augustan era, I argue that a women (of any status)
could always dine reclining alongside a man, and that this signifies a
licit sexual connection. The sitting posture, seen mostly in sub-elite
visual representations, introduces further complexities of practice
and ideology. In general, postures attributed to women function more
as indicators of sexual mores than as direct representations of
social practice.
Land and Sea: Italy and the Mediterranean in the Roman Discourse of Dining
Authors: Wilkins John
Published: February 2007

Discussions of dining in Roman literature often focus
on moralising discourses of the satirists in the imperial period. This
article seeks to extend the discussion in four areas: (1) a broader
temporal frame, which runs from Cato the Elder to Athenaeus; (2) a wider
cultural frame, which sets Greek commentaries of Rome alongside Rome's
attitudes towards the Greeks; (3) a cultural range beyond Rome's elite,
to the majority of the population; (4) a more ambitious literary frame,
which presents Galen's discussion of food as texts of cultural richness
rather than treatises reserved for medical historians.
The Culture Development Club: Youth, Neo-Tradition, and the Construction of Society in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Gable Eric
Published: February 2007

As members of a youth organization called the "Culture Development Club," young men of the Manjaco ethnic group in Guinea-Bissau respond to and try to manage what they perceive to be community collapse in the face of endemic demographic decline. "The Club" is a postcolonial institution whose history reflects the local appropriation of foreign formats. I suggest, however, that by looking at the various ways youth in the "club" enacted their theories of culture as an ongoing "tradition," we see youth's enduring centrality in the creation of Manjaco social relations.
Nature in Roman Catholic Tradition
Authors: Binde Per
Published: February 2007

It is often suggested in contemporary anthropology that Western views of nature are fundamentally different from those in "societies of nature," supposed to conceptualise the environment in non-dualistic terms. The author questions this view by discussing in some detail three different views on nature in Roman Catholic tradition. Firmly rooted in a dualistic worldview, although not as rigid as sometimes assumed, this tradition conceptually separates nature, humankind, and the divine. However, many features assumed to characterise non-Western views of nature, such as animistic beliefs and images of communion with nature, form an integral part of scholarly Roman Catholic thought as well as of popular religious practices. Roman Catholic tradition emerges as a dynamic tradition of ideas which allows the relationships between nature and other domains to be construed in diverse ways. [nature, religion, cosmology, Europe, Christianity]
Ritualized Inebriation, Violence, and Social Control in Cajun Mardi Gras
Authors: Sexton Rocky L.
Published: February 2007

The rural Mardi Gras run is a rite of reversal in which a rowdy band of costumed merrymakers visits homes and businesses to collect" charity " for a communal supper. Unorthodox conduct, misbehavior, and violence in this context are often directly linked to intoxication. However, such drunkenness is a form of ritualized inebriation that develops through drinking, the sense of freedom afforded by participants' anonymity, and their assuming expected roles for the deep play associated with Mardi Gras. Violence and misconduct are largely attributable to overzealous play, loss of temper, personal conflicts, and spectators' negative reactions to Mardi Gras antics. Although seemingly chaotic, Mardi Gras follows an idealized script and it has mechanisms of control which mediate between acceptable drinking behavior and play and actual intoxication and misbehavior. There is, however, a negotiable gray area within this spectrum that reflects variation within the Cajun cultural ethos especially pertaining to drinking behavior.
Entextualizing Famine, Reconstituting Self: Testimonial Narratives from Ireland
Authors: Quinn Eileen Moore
Published: February 2007

This article shows how the past was used to construct and disseminate an alternative view of the Great Irish Famine (1845-1850). Theories on the entextualization process are considered in tandem with those on reconstituting identity. Ambivalent selfhood is situated within the historical parameters of famine, language loss, and the legacy of colonial representation.
Questions in Cross-Linguistic Medical Encounters: The Role of the Hospital Interpreter
Authors: Davidson Brad
Published: February 2007

Physician-patient discourse, even same-language discourse, may be viewed as a type of cross-cultural interaction. Inside the US, there is a large and increasing number of adult Third World immigrant patients who do not speak English. For these patients the "cross-cultural" aspect of First World medical practice is underscored by the presence of the medical interpreter, who is herself faced with the task of negotiating both the content of utterances and also the cultural contexts from and into which these utterances are conveyed. Analysis shows that, through variable patterns of how and when utterances are interpreted, the interpreter functions, not as an "ally" of the patient nor as a neutral conveyer of propositions, but rather as a covert co-diagnostician and institutional gatekeeper. As one result, these patients are often seen as "passive" and "non-compliant" by physicians, with consequences for how care is delivered and for their treatment by the institutional State.
Monumentality, Identity, and the State: Local Practice, World Heritage, and Heterotopia at Swayambhu, Nepal
Authors: Owens Bruce McCoy , Owens Bruce McCoy
Published: February 2007

Over the past decade, democratization, economic liberalization, and a new politics of ethnicity have contributed to the emergence of new modes of devotional activities that have been shaping sacred sites in the Kathmandu Valley for millennia. Locally initiated devotional transformations of these sites now threaten the "monumental" integrity of places that UNESCO has designated "monumental zones," and new debates about fundamentally ancient processes and places are occurring in new venues and causing frictions between new kinds of constituencies. This paper examines the nexus of forces and intersections of interests that are currently transforming the important Buddhist (and World Heritage) site of Swayambhu in the Kathmandu Valley. It outlines the ways in which this heterotopia of long-standing has become a newly heterotopic arena of transnational, local, ethnic, and religious contestation. It also argues that the transformations at Swayambhu and the controversies they have produced are products of processes in which many religious monuments around the world are presently enmeshed, and that careful attention to the "multilocality" of such sites and the multivocality of those who have a stake in them is essential for understanding what such places are becoming.
Desconfianza and Problems of Representation in Urban Ethnography
Authors: Goldstein Daniel M.
Published: February 2007

Anthropologists writing about "indigenous media" have identified ways in which ethnographic research involving visual technology can affect the cultural identity and political power of ethnographic subjects, providing them with tools to enhance their own identity-building projects. In this essay I contend that ethnographic writing can also be a form of indigenous media, an implement of self-representation for people otherwise marginalized from the national political mainstream. But the efforts of native informants to establish control over the ways in which they will be represented in print can also create desconfianza , a feeling of mistrust and suspicion of the ethnographer among the people being studied. I reflect on the relationship between desconfianza and the politics of ethnographic practice, and the extent to which questions of performance and representation, far from being mere matters of ethical or philosophical interest to anthropologists alone, are in fact deeply implicated in the political and economic survival of the peoples being represented.
"Living the Past Another Way:": Reinstrumentalized Missionary Selves in Aymara Mission Fields
Authors: Orta Andrew
Published: February 2007

This article examines Catholic missionaries in the Bolivian highlands. I focus on missionary conversion accounts—narratives of self-transformation in the face of their local mission fields—taking these as an analytic opportunity to address the positions of such global agents as component subjects of Aymara locality. Negotiating preexisting expectations of Catholicism and its representatives as necessary for the reproduction of local Aymara social life as well as emerging pastoral ideologies with their own expectations of indigenous locality, the self-transformation experienced by missionaries in the field asserts a reinstrumentalized missionary self as a plausible translocal subject.
As Plato Duly Warned: Music, Politics, and Social Change in Coastal East Africa
Authors: Askew Kelly Michelle
Published: February 2007

This essay explores the significance of art in political and social
change by way of evidence from the Swahili coast of East Africa. Analysis
of two musical genres, ngoma and dansi (typically glossed as "traditional
dance" and "urban jazz"), exposes common aesthetic principles of
innovation, inventive appropriation, competitive opposition, linguistic
indirection, and intertextuality. Historical analysis further reveals
that both genres have served as effective modes of political action in
Swahili communities. I use this data to question prevailing assumptions
about Swahili cosmopolitanism, challenge traditional/modern binarisms,
and theorize the relationship between art and society.
M. Cocceius Nerva and the Flavians
Authors: Murison Charles L
Published: February 2007

Very little information survives about the career
of M. Cocceius Nerva before he became Roman Emperor in A.D.
96. His importance by the end of Nero's reign is demonstrated by the
rewards bestowed on him in 65 after the suppression of the Pisonian
conspiracy; thereafter he became ordinary consul with Vespasian in 71
and with Domitian in 90. In this paper the attempt is made to explain by
plausible hypothesis why Nerva was so highly regarded by both Vespasian
and Domitian, and also how and why he succeeded Domitian in 96.
Crop Circles in the Cornfield: Remembering Gloria E. Anzaldua (1942-2004)
Authors: Gaspar de Alba Alicia
Published: February 2007

This epistolary tribute to Chicana theorist and writer Gloria E. Anzaldúa discusses the impact of her work on American studies, in particular her theories on the borderlands, identity politics, and language. On May 15, 2004, Anzaldúa died in her home in Santa Cruz, California of diabetes-related complications. She was buried in Hargill, Texas. Having almost completed her dissertation at the time of her death, Anzaldúa was awarded a posthumous Ph.D. in Literature from the University of California at Santa Cruz in June 2004. She would have been 62 years old this September.
Los Angeles and American Studies in a Pacific World of Migrations
Authors: Yu Henry
Published: February 2007

In this essay Henry Yu argues for using migration to re-imagine American studies. He begins by observing how Los Angeles is notable for the atypical way in which it is usually understood as a place of origin, with its most famous inhabitants often having come from somewhere else. This rootless sense of belonging, rather than making Los Angeles an aberration, can serve as a model for understanding how migration defines local places. Using family migration as an illustrative example, Yu charts how movements of human bodies occur along paths that are routed within larger networks and patterns. Yu also argues that national histories of immigration and incorporation have often blinded us to the complex operations of these migration processes. Ideas about national belonging have dominated historical and social scientific scholarship, framing much of the knowledge regarding who counts as an American citizen and why. In particular, he charts how Los Angeles as a site for intersecting migrations provides an interesting model for understanding how regional migration patterns have marked United States history. By sketching regional patterns, Yu embeds the United States within larger processes of migration in both the Pacific and Atlantic worlds. Such migration patterns, and the particular nodes of intersection that they created, have generated ideas about belonging, shaping definitions of race, ethnicity, citizenship, and alien status.
Fools Banished from the Kingdom: Remapping Geographies of Gang Violence between the Americas (Los Angeles and San Salvador)
Authors: Zilberg Elana
Published: February 2007

This essay explores how the policing, incarceration, and deportation of Salvadoran immigrant youth are reshaping the parameters of urban experience between Los Angeles and San Salvador. It argues that these disciplinary governmental practices have transformed the geographies of belonging, exclusion, and citizenship between the once putatively separate cultural and political spheres of the United States and Central America. These efforts to reassert national sovereignty through zero-tolerance policing strategies as they combine with the growing intersection between criminal and immigration law, only, and most ironically, induce and reproduce transnational flows. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with deported youth and young adults, the essay focuses on the crucial place of the city and of the local police beat in the production of their emergent transnational subjectivities. The experiences of these immigrant youth indicate that the complex flows and the multiple geopolitical scales of analysis at work in Los Angeles's urban barrios now make it impossible to engage with the cultural politics of one side of this social field without simultaneously accounting for those at play on the other side in San Salvador. These politics of simultaneity demonstrate the analytical power that both transnational and urban studies stand to gain from a mutual engagement with each other, and call for transnational urban studies as a new domain for research.
Metrodorus of Lampsacus and the Problem of Allegory: An Extreme Case?
Authors: Califf David J
Published: February 2007

This essay discusses the fragmentary writings of Metrodorus of Lampsacus, a fifth-century allegorical interpreter of Homer. Points of intersection between Metrodorus's allegorical identifications and the Homeric text are established and critiqued. It is argued Metrodorus's general allegorical framework is anterior to the particular interpretation of specific lines. A tension is found between "allegorical" and "literal" readings of the Iliad, which are at once incompatible and inextricably intertwined. Thus, the allegorizing critic's allegory cannot stand without erasing the literal narrative upon which it is based, yet without that literal meaning, there is no framework within which the allegory can be understood.
Rome in the Greek Novel? Images and Ideas of Empire in Chariton's Persia
Authors: Schwartz Saundra
Published: February 2007

The Greek novels exploited the trope of the Persian king in order to comment indirectly on the reconciliation between the ideals of Hellenic autonomy and the reality of life under imperial rule. In Chaereas and Callirhoe, the heroine's two husbands take alternate approaches to the fact of empireÑone enjoys autonomy beyond the empire's frontiers, the other becomes a benefactor of the emperor himself. The trials in the Persian capital affirm that imperial power is good as long as it acknowledges the superiority of Hellenic values and, importantly, awards them a place in the empire.
Masterov Kliuch and the Early Upper Palaeolithic of the Transbaikal, Siberia
Authors: Goebel Ted , Waters Michael R , Meshcherin Mikhail N
Published: February 2007

In 1996, archaeological excavations were conducted at the Masterov Kliuch site,
located east of Lake Baikal, Siberia. Three archaeological components were uncovered,
all occurring in colluvial deposits. The two lower components (I and II) are
Palaeolithic in age and character. Component I is an early Upper Palaeolithic
industry dated to 32,500-30,000 years ago (B.P.), and is in a primary context. Component
II is undated but is also assignable to the early Upper Palaeolithic based on
typology, although it appears to have been redeposited. Artifact assemblages from
these two components are blade-based and include retouched blades and Øakes,
knives, denticulates, end scrapers, gravers, and burins. Component III represents a
Bronze Age occupation dated to around 2900 B.P. The Palaeolithic industries at
Masterov Kliuch are technologically/typologically similar to other initial Upper
Palaeolithic industries in Siberia, and appear to represent some of the easternmost
manifestations of an early Upper Palaeolithic technocomplex that spanned inner
Asia from Uzbekistan to the Transbaikal between about 42,000 and 30,000 B.P. Our
Ændings have further implications for Upper Palaeolithic research in northern Asia,
especially regarding site formation processes and hunter-gatherer raw material procurement.
First, like Masterov Kliuch, most early Upper Palaeolithic sites across
northern Asia lie in colluvial settings and may not be in pristine, primary contexts,
so that interpretations of stone features such as hearths or dwellings may be suspect.
Second, study of the Masterov Kliuch lithic industries indicates that huntergatherers
exclusively utilized local lithic resources in the manufacture of tools, and
that raw material procurement strategies were embedded within other subsistence
pursuits. This pattern of local, embedded raw material procurement is seen in virtually
all other early Upper Palaeolithic sites in Siberia, while "logistical," longdistance
procurement strategies, characteristic of the early Upper Palaeolithic of
western Eurasia, did not appear in Siberia until much later in time, after about
25,000 B.P.
Household Units in the Analysis of Prehistoric Social Complexity, Cook Islands
Authors: Taomia Julie M. E
Published: February 2007

Polynesian and other Oceanic societies have often informed research into social
complexity. McGuire (1983) has proposed a means of measuring complexity that
does not assume any particular organizational form. The examination of prehistoric
household remains allows archaeologists to compare common units of social organization
across societies for more meaningful comparisons of past social organization.
This paper discusses house remains excavated on three islands in the Southern Cook
Islands of central Polynesia for the information they provide about past social
organization on the islands and provides comparison between three closely related
island societies.
Social Integration and the Ala Loa: Reconsidering the Significance of Trails in Hawaiian Exchange
Authors: Mills Peter R.
Published: February 2007

A large network of coastal trails on Hawai'i Island was recently designated as a National Historic Trail, but our understanding of the trail has been limited to historical documentation supported by scant archaeological data. The current study is based upon an archaeological survey of a 2-mile section of the trail in Kona where it crosses through a dozen ahupua'a (traditional Hawaiian land divisions), and considers the significance of the coastal trail in relation to Hawaiian land use and exchange. Findings suggest that a trail paved with waterworn stones followed the same straight route as the current trail, which has been affected by numerous historical era modifications. Along with similar known examples in Kona, this finding calls into question a common assumption that all precontact and early historical Hawaiian coastal trails meandered along the contours of the coast. In addition to supporting chiefly endeavors such as the collection of tribute during the annual Makahiki festival, it is suggested that the straight trail may have supported regular exchange of domestic commodities across ahupua'a boundaries in the prehistoric or premissionary eras, and broadens our anthropological perceptions of interdistrict exchange in relation to ahupua'a economics.
Learning the Facts of Life: Past and Present Experiences in a Rural Tanzanian Community
Authors: Allen Denise Roth
Published: February 2007

This article explores the meaning and place of "traditional" forms of sex education within the cultural and historical context of the Shinyanga Region of west central Tanzania. Although structured puberty initiation rituals may have been an important source of information about sexuality and reproduction for Tanzanian adolescents in the past, such rituals were not common to all Tanzanian settings. The Shinyanga Region is a case in point. Drawing upon the anthropological and sociological literature for west central Tanzania, as well my ethnographic fieldwork in a small, rural community from 1992 to 1994, I explore answers to several interrelated questions: How did young women who lived in this geographic setting learn about sexuality and reproduction in the past? Did instruction about such matters consist of practices that were uniform and structured events, or was information passed on in a less uniform, nonstructured way? Would a revival of these practices, whatever their form, benefit young women today?
Ganjirō III and Chikamatsu's "Lost" Kabuki Masterpiece
Authors: Kominz Laurence
Published: February 2007

Nakamura Ganjirō III, one of kabuki 's outstanding contemporary actors, has made it one of his life's goals to reintroduce the long-abandoned kabuki plays of Japan's great playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon. Chikamatsu is best known for his puppet plays, many of which later became kabuki classics, but the plays he wrote solely for kabuki are not widely known. Reviving such "lost" plays is fraught with difficulties that assume a particular interest because the revival process is undertaken within a highly conventionalized theatre genre. A classical actor-director like Ganjirō faces the problem not only of how to bring three-hundred-year-old plays back in a semblance of their original form but how to make them viable for modern audiences. Laurence Kominz's essay on Ganjirō's recent revival of Keisei Mibu Dainenbutsu (1702) provides fascinating insights into the process. Kominz was present at rehearsals and was with the production at its first and last performances. He discusses not only the production process but the business and artistic environment in which Ganjirō's noble experiments are trying to take root.
Fifty Years On: Arts Funding in Kerala Today
Authors: Daugherty Diane
Published: February 2007

This article examines the funding of three performing arts of Kerala, considered India's most progressive state. The data collected by Diane Daugherty during the yearlong Golden Jubilee celebration of Indian independence reveal that while the level of support was woefully inadequate, Kerala is on the right track in its approach to tourism and the arts.
Lakon Karangan: The Legacy ofKi Nartosabdho in Banyumas,Central Java
Authors: Petersen Robert
Published: February 2007

The changes in wayang kulit purwa , shadow puppetry of Central Java, have been significant since independence was declared in 1945. Ki Nartosabdho was one of the most important performers in the last quarter of the twentieth century. This article explores Nartosabdho's impact and, by examining Sugino, a dalang who has followed Nartosabdho's lead, the author gives a sense of the debate of tradition versus modernity that rages in the world of wayang .
The Polio Narratives: Dialogues with FDR
Authors: Fairchild Amy L.
Published: February 2007

As a group of accounts that span the decades from the mid-1940s to the present, the published polio narratives enable us to align their shifting perceptions of disability with social, cultural, and technological change. This paper identifies two distinct groups of narratives. Authors of the first group, writing between the mid-1930s and mid-1950s—a period of relative prosperity, conformity, and homogeneity—were uncomfortable with radical movements, diversity, and conflict; their narratives typically told of either full or substantial recovery. Beginning in the mid-1950s—the period of both McCarthy and the Civil Rights movement—a second wave of narratives begins to tell stories of partial to serious disability; typically, they reflect on a lifetime of coping with chronic disability. Both sets of narratives, however, represent a dialogue with Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Roosevelt himself, journalists, and the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis all helped to create and promote a core polio narrative featuring FDR's triumph over disease and disability that would become a national myth. Yet while the early narratives reinforced the core elements of the Roosevelt myth, the later ones began to challenge them.
Making the Unit of Insulin: Standards, Clinical Work, and Industry, 1920-1925
Authors: Sinding Christiane
Published: February 2007

The standardization of insulin is generally considered by historians to have been a process conducted by physiologists under the direction of Henry Dale. This article shows that it actually involved many actors and began with the earliest administration to patients in Canada and the United States. During this first phase, the drug company Eli Lilly also contributed actively to the standardization, under the scientific direction of George Clowes. This is not to undermine the role of Dale, whose political leadership was paramount for the international phase of the standardization. His scientific contribution, however, was a continuation of previous work led by physiologists, clinicians, and pharmacists. The production and packaging of insulin in standardized units thus appears to be the result of the impressive working of a transdisciplinary and transnational network. It also highlights how new modes of drug regulation were elaborated by state bodies in the early 1920s and paved the way for more extensive reforms.
Chorea and Community in a Nineteenth-Century Town
Authors: Wexler Alice R.
Published: February 2007

The dominant historical narrative of Huntington's disease (Huntington's chorea) has portrayed the early American sufferers from this disorder as marginalized and vilified. This article argues, however, that afflicted families in East Hampton, New York-the site of George Huntington's mid-nineteenth-century observations-were mostly accepted and integrated within the community, some of them as members of the gentry and active participants in local governance. As descendants of early English settlers in this multiracial town, these white Presbyterian families, some of whose members were afflicted with what was locally called "St. Vitus's dance" or "that disorder," were always defined as "one of ours." While this fatal inherited neurological illness became more secret and hidden toward the end of the nineteenth century, this article suggests that it was larger cultural and social changes, rather than factors intrinsic to the disease, that led to the shift. The East Hampton story suggests the ways in which specific historical circumstances in a community may shape the social meanings of even so severe a disease as Huntington's, and that social integration of the afflicted families may have helped mitigate the suffering of the disease.
Pregnant Children and Half-Dead Adults: Modern Living and the Quickening Life Cycle in Botswana
Authors: Livingston Julie
Published: February 2007

This paper utilizes ethnography and oral history
to examine local perspectives on one aspect of the health transition,
the female life cycle, in postcolonial Botswana. Botswana has undergone
a remarkably rapid epidemiologic transition in recent decades, and it
thus provides a unique context within which local actors analyze the
interaction between biological and sociocultural change. Improvements
in the standard of living have resulted in both an earlier onset for
puberty in girls and an increased incidence of stroke among older women,
thus refashioning the female life course. Local analysis and commentary
on the shifting norms of women's bodies read this phenomenon alongside
broader historical transformations. In the process they complicate
basic assumptions in international health about the meanings of health
and development.
Technobiography: Researching Lives, Online and Off
Authors: Kennedy Helen (Helen Mary Theresa)
Published: February 2007

This article is an argument for technobiography, a term coined in Cyborg
Lives? Women's Technobiographies, a collection I coedited in 2001. I outline
what technobiography is, and how, by allowing access to what it feels like to
live certain digital experiences, it can contribute to building a comprehensive
picture of cybercultural landscapes. If we want to understand lived experiences
of the Internet, we need to study not only online, virtual representations
of selves, but also lives and selves situated within the social relations of
the consumption and production of information and communication technologies.
Drawing on two technobiographical projectsÑone involving a
group of black, working-class women returning to education with the aid of
networked technologies and computer-mediated distance learning, and
another exploring social relations in a digital multimedia production center
-I indicate ways in which technobiography can contribute to this important
project
The Gnome in the Front Yard and Other Public Figurations: Genres of Self-Presentation on Personal Home Pages
Authors: Killoran John B
Published: February 2007

In light of empirical research showing that personal home pages are not as
personal as their reputation suggests, this paper proposes that sustained selfpresentation
on the Web by ordinary people has been hindered, in part, by
the feeble legacy of suitable genres. Drawing on a sample of over one hundred
personal home pages, this paper illustrates how, in the absence of
generic precedents, public self-presentation is instead achieved through
innovation with past genres.
The Northernmost Road
Authors: Giscombe C.S.
Published: February 2007

"The Northernmost Road" is the second section of the long poem Giscome Road. Giscome Road is about the constellation of places in northern British Columbia that were named, directly or indirectly, for John Robert Giscome. Born in Jamaica in 1831 and coming to B.C. with the California black migration of 1858, "he mined the Cariboo and the Omineca country with considerable success." The old arrivant, the "discoverer" of the Giscome Portage route from the Fraser River into the Arctic Watershed. Died in Victoria in 1907, buried there at Ross Bay. The locations in the north continue to exist and, though remote, are reachable. The G in Giscome Road is hard, in keeping with Cariboo pronunciation; island pronunciation of the name varies.
The British Culture Industries and the Mythology of the American Market: Cultural Policy and Cultural Exports in the 1940s and 1990s
Authors: Swann Paul
Published: February 2007

This article compares the marketing and reception of British motion pictures in the U.S. market during the 1940s and 1990s. In both eras, British filmmakers were captivated by the fantasy of conquering the American marketplace. They viewed their movies as a fundamentally new kind of product that made it possible to challenge Hollywood on its own terrain.
Soap Opera in China: The Transnational Politics of Visuality, Sexuality, and Masculinity
Authors: Lu Sheldon H.
Published: February 2007

This essay examines Chinese television drama in the 1990s. It focuses on soap operas involving transnational romances between Chinese men and Russian and American women. The construction of Chinese masculinity through the foreign woman has become a new way of imagining national identity in the age of globalization.
Orientalism as Alterity in Israeli Cinema
Authors: Naaman Dorit
Published: February 2007

This article deals with the representation of Middle Eastern Jews and Palestinians in the Israeli cinema of the 1970s and 1980s, specifically the phenomenon of "passing," whereby ethnicity and race are interchangeable in casting and plot. Such passing can empower Middle Eastern Jews to deconstruct ethnic stereotypes, while excluding Palestinians from participating in public discourse.