bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory
Authors: Bilbro Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

Much modern technology claims to help us manage and conquer time, and yet as we use these technologies, we often become more hurried and frenetic. Rather than trying to control linear time, Berry’s fictional characters learn to participate in cyclic time. This notion of memory has rich theological and literary roots that reach to Augustine, Dante, and T. S. Eliot. Berry’s stories are often narrated by older characters looking back over their lives and stitching meaning together from disparate events; though memory is devalued in a culture where information is always accessible, it remains crucial to discerning complex coherence. Berry’s short story “Pray without Ceasing” exemplifies how this understanding of memory works out in the form of his story, enabling his characters to understand and love the whole pattern of which they are a part. Applying memory’s ability to perceive the whole pattern to ecological concerns may enable us to make decisions that are based not only on our immediate desires or the concerns of photogenic mammals, but also on the whole order. In this way, cultivating memory is a key counter cultural practice that can tune our affections to the larger pattern of creation and liberate love “beyond desire.”
Fidelity
Authors: Bilbro Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

Our economy rewards those who are rootless; the well-paid Creative Class that Richard Florida celebrates thrives on geographic hyper-mobility. Yet such mobility encourages us to invest not in communities, but in our own résumés and careers, and it becomes tempting to leave behind our mistakes and the places they’ve damaged. Berry’s practice of careful revision, particularly evident in his early novels Nathan Coulter and A Place on Earth, demonstrates a patient faithfulness to develop his imaginative vision. In the case of Nathan Coulter, this entails reimagining the death of Nathan’s grandfather and making Nathan himself a more faithful inheritor of this loss. In A Place on Earth, Berry’s revisions similarly focus the novel on questions of fidelity. In the first edition, his prose provided too much explication and context for readers, exempting them from the difficult ignorance his characters endure. These revised novels do not sugarcoat the difficult work of fidelity, but they portray how fidelity enables individuals and communities to receive redemption in the midst of loss.
Maxwell Taylor's Cold War
Authors: Trauschweizer Ingo
Published: September 2019

Maxwell Taylor’s Cold Wartraces the Cold War career of Maxwell Taylor, a Kennedy White House insider and architect of American strategy in Vietnam. After 1945 Taylor led the U.S. Military Academy, commanded American forces in Berlin and Korea, guided the army through declining budget shares, emerged as a critic of President Eisenhower’s nuclear deterrence strategy, and, in the 1960s, served as military advisor at the White House, Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman, ambassador in South Vietnam, and advisor to Lyndon Johnson. Taylor remained a public critic of defense policy and civil-military relations into the 1980s. Through Taylor’s career we can investigate the evolution of the national security establishment from the vantage points of the military and the executive branch: what is the role of the armed services in national and international security strategies? Where do service interests and national interest intersect and what happens when there is less-than-complete overlap? What is the role of the JCS and their chairman? This has implications for historical and contemporary issues: civil-military relations, the question at what levels professional military advice needs to be heard, and the ramifications of the evolving challenges of war and balance of strategy and force structure for conventional warfare and counterinsurgency. These issues are linked in the hierarchies of a nationalsecurity state built for industrial wars of the twentieth century (between states), which now faces varied threats in the twenty-first century (from insurgents and terrorist groups) that were at least partly foreshadowed in the Vietnam War era.
Mother’s Milk
Authors: LoBrutto Vincent
Published: September 2019

This chapter presents Ridley Scott’s early life. There is background on his mother, Elizabeth, his father, Francis Percy Scott, and his two brothers, Frank and Tony. The chapter examines the impact on Scott as a boy and young man of his father’s involvement in the military and the experience of England during World War II. The tough life Scott experienced in northeast England, living in South Shields, made him hardy and resilient. The chapter also covers Scott’s natural talent in art from a young age and his early filmgoing experiences. Ridley Scott did poorly during his early schooling but flourished while attending the West Hartlepool College of Art and the Royal College of Art in London. His innate skills blossomed when he was exposed to new vistas in art and to teachers who were artists themselves.
Fencers
Authors: LoBrutto Vincent
Published: September 2019

Ridley Scott sets out to make his first feature film. First selected is the 1605 Gunpowder Plot, for which he collaborated on a screenplay, but he couldn’t get funding. Then he was interested on a film of the American nineteenth-century paleontologist “Indian” Capwell but was told by Hollywood it was too intellectual. He turned next to two other projects, Castle Accident for the Bee Gees and Ronnie and Leo but couldn’t find funding for either. Scott turned to Joseph Conrad’s story “The Duel.” Producer David Puttnam was interested and the project, The Duellists, was sold to David Picker at Paramount. The production was low budget and an arduous shoot. The film deals with men’s obsession with battle and featured handsome production values, putting Ridley Scott on the map as a film director.
Son of Prometheus
Authors: LoBrutto Vincent
Published: September 2019

Scott became enthused about continuing the Alien films and began planning several. For his next feature film project, he decided on the film that became Alien: Covenant, returning to presenting the name of the series in the title. The story follows a group of colonists looking to create a world better than the one they had on earth. When they reach their new home, the Alien makes its presence known and begins killing off crew members one by one, just as in the original film. Also as in the inaugural movie, there is a strong female character who takes charge and again is responsible for destroying the Alien. Scaring the audience is still a priority, which led to the film’s big success at the box office.
Epilogue
Authors: LoBrutto Vincent
Published: September 2019

This element is a wrap-up of who Ridley Scott is as a man and filmmaker. The epilogue discusses Scott’s process of gathering material for future projects, what constitutes a Ridley Scott film, and his personal characteristics. Also explored are how his drawing abilities impact his productions, his use of lighting and of size and space in his movies, and how his dark nature draws him to particular material. The epilogue investigates Scott’s evolution from the early days of the British New Wave of the 1970s and 1980s. Now an octogenarian, Ridley Scott continues to work as hard as ever, on as many projects as ever. His stamina and consistency of vision give him a very special place in film history.
Origins of the Foreign Policy Partnership, 1801–1861
Authors: Fry Joseph A.
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the genesis of the unlikely Lincoln-Seward foreign policy partnership. Attention is given to their respective childhoods and educational opportunities, marriages, family lives, and legal careers. Both men gravitated to politics and moved from the Whig to Republican Party in the 1850s. Despite Seward’s much greater political prominence and success, Lincoln was selected as the Republican nominee for president in 1860 and went on to win the general election. Lincoln then made Seward his secretary of state, established his status as senior partner, and instituted his one-war policy as the administration responded to the South’s secession from the Union.
The Talented Mr. Dukenfield
Authors: Cantor Paul A.
Published: September 2019

This chapter surveys W. C. Fields’s entertainment career, emphasizing his films, especially It’s a Gift and The Bank Dick. Fields lived the American dream, but he struggled enough to do so that he became acutely aware of its dark side. In an almost postmodern fashion, Fields was extremely self-conscious in his art and delighted in exposing its artificiality. His favorite role in his films was a con man. His films generally deal with men in uncomfortable domestic situations who turn to get-rich-quick schemes in a desperate attempt to escape the suffocating atmosphere of their homes. Fields gives his films happy endings, but they usually occur as a result of improbable turns in the plots, thus raising doubts about how realistic the successful resolutions truly are. Fields offers the paradox of an artist who provides lighthearted portrayals of the dark side of the American dream.
Sensory Substitution and Augmentation: An Introduction
Authors: Macpherson Fiona
Published: September 2019

In this essay I outline the main questions and the debates about sensory substitution and augmentation devices. I describe the two most studied modern sensory substitution devices (TVSS and the vOICe) and one sensory augmentation device (the feelSpace belt). I discuss whether use of these devices gives rise to new sensory experiences of objects or just new perceptual judgements about objects. Then, on the assumption that new sensory experiences are being had, I consider what sensory modality is operative—the substituted or the substituting one, or another altogether. I examine the evidence concerning whether the experiences had in sensory substitution are of a two- or a three-dimensional world, and about the nature of those experiences with respect to whether colour is represented in them. I consider whether there are any limits to what information or what experiences can be given via sensory substitution. And I discuss whether the results from sensory substitution experiments can be used to support certain theories of perception at the expense of rivals. Furthermore, the practical use of sensory substitution and augmentation devices is considered. Finally, I provide a brief overview of the rest of the essays that this volume contains and the host of further interesting issues that the authors consider and address.
Understanding the Global Business of Forced Labour: An Introduction
Authors: LeBaron Genevieve
Published: September 2019

This introductory Chapter provides an overview of the political, methodological, and ethical challenges of researching forced labour in the global economy tackled in this Volume. It argues that in spite of these challenges, researchers are pioneering fresh approaches to understanding the business of forced labour that are anchored in strong empirical methods, rather than outdated theoretical propositions or sensationalist newspaper headlines. This burgeoning and interdisciplinary body of research challenges conventional narratives about the nature and role of modern slavery. It reveals that rather than an individualised, randomly occurring human rights issue caused by the moral shortcomings and greed of unscrupulous employers, severe labour exploitation is a coherent and predictable feature of many sectors and regions within the global political economy. The methodological reflections contained within this Volume offer a resource for academics and practitioners seeking to understand forced labour, the factors that shape vulnerability to this phenomenon, and the variegated mechanisms through which businesses systemically profit from labour exploitation.
Onomastic Interactions: Greek and Thracian Names
Authors: Dana Dan
Published: September 2019

This article treats certain evolutions in the system of personal naming in the north Balkan regions, many of them being the product of onomastic interactions between Greeks and Thracians, as reflected in the choice of names. Specific categories of names are discussed, particularly on the basis of their frequency in the region: Thracian names given Greek suffixes, hybrid (Greco-Thracian) names, ‘potamophoric’ names, and finally mythological names. We are dealing with processes of mutual adaptation, as several cultural contexts need to be taken into account. A detailed study of the personal name Hellen, rather rare in the Greek world but abundantly present at Odessos, allows the acculturation in this old Greek city of the native population to be observed, via epigraphic practices, iconographic preferences and onomastic choices.
Lycian, Persian, Greek, Roman: Chronological Layers and Structural Developments in the Onomastics of Lycia
Authors: Schuler Christof
Published: September 2019

Lycia in southwestern Asia Minor is a region which was particularly characterized by the mingling of diverse cultural traits. Persian, Greek, and Roman influences interacted with a strong Anatolian substratum and with each other in various constellations, resulting in complex hybridized phenomena. Such processes can be observed most clearly in Lycian onomastics, a field of research which was revolutionized when volume VB of the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names was published in 2013. This paper attempts to use this immensely useful tool to provide a broad overview of the development of Lycian onomastics from the archaic to the late Roman periods.
A percepção dos moradores do Bairro do Socorro sobre o cemitério e suas implicações com a sustentabilidade
Authors: Nobre Marileide Dionizio da Silva , Calixto Ana Isabel
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo tem como foco a discussão sobre a sustentabilidade, com base no Cemitério do Socorro, localizado em Juazeiro do Norte (CE). O objetivo principal desse estudo é relacionar a percepção dos moradores do Bairro do Socorro com a Sustentabilidade e a qualidade de vida. Além de apresentar o conceito de Sustentabilidade e suas dimensões, pesquisar sobre a percepção dos moradores em relação à implicação do cemitério no presente bairro onde moram e relacionar os resultados da pesquisa com a legislação. A metodologia da pesquisa segue uma abordagem quantitativa, com base na pesquisa de campo, instrumentalizada por questionário. A investigação é relevante, pois através dela foi possível compreender a sustentabilidade em dimensões diferentes, além de fomentar uma discussão sobre um assunto que, muitas vezes, só é tratado pelo viés ambiental. No entanto, a sustentabilidade do Cemitério, quando respeitado as normas de implementação e cuidados ambientais, é importante para o crescimento do lugar e dos moradores locais, já que eles juntos somam forças econômicas para o município. Com o estudo, foi possível esclarecer a relação do cemitério com a sustentabilidade, ainda que os moradores desconheçam o verdadeiro conceito de sustentabilidade, que é usar os recursos da natureza buscando não a agredir. Detectou-se ser urgente um programa com ações de conscientização dos mesmos, bem como de medidas que fiscalizem e monitorem o solo e água para que contaminações não venham impactar negativamente a vida das pessoas do bairro e da circunvizinhança.
Co-constructing utterances in face-to-face-interaction: A multimodal analysis of collaborative completions in spoken Spanish
Authors: Kalkhoff Alexander Teixeira , Dressel Dennis
Published: September 2019

This article examines collaborative utterances in interaction from a multimodal perspective. Whereas prior research has analyzed co-constructions ex post as the result of local speaker collaboration on the basis of audio data, this study shifts the focus to co-constructing as a highly coordinated, embodied practice. By examining video data of Spanish interactions, this research aims to show how speakers systematically deploy a variety of linguistic and bodily resources that serve as points of joint orientation throughout the process of co-constructing utterances.
Rencontre avec l’Autre lors du stage : utilisation du récit de pratique avec des étudiants en travail social et en ergothérapie
Authors: Tétreault Sylvie , Leanza Yvan , Gulfi1 Alida , Bétrisey2 Carine , Kühne Nicolas , Brisset3 Camille , Schaer Martine
Published: September 2019

Préparer les étudiants en travail social et en ergothérapie à exercer dans un contexte de diversité constitue un défi actuel majeur. Or, peu d’informations sont disponibles sur les retombées des stages et de la rencontre avec des personnes aux cadres de référence divers sur la compétence interculturelle. La présente étude vise à documenter la perception que les étudiants ont de leur pratique auprès de l’Autre durant leur stage, les apprentissages qu’ils pensent avoir réalisés et les changements qu’ils identifient dans leur manière d’appréhender la diversité. Quinze étudiants de Suisse romande ont réalisé un récit de pratique sur un évènement marquant en lien avec la rencontre interculturelle. L’analyse thématique des propos recueillis permet d’illustrer comment ces expériences de stage ont contribué au processus de transformation vers une pratique culturellement sensible.
Port Area of the Split Port Authority in the Function of Economic Development: Concessionaires Attitudes
Authors: Mihanović Vice , Peronja Ivan , Vukić Luka
Published: September 2019

Measures needed to be implemented by the Port Authority at the maritime domain of the Port of Split in order to strengthen maritime traffic and stimulate economic development of the city were examined by conducting the structured questionnaire among concessionaires in the port area. The collected data were processed using the Friedman test and Sign test. Among six options, the concessionaires mostly indicated variable of building an infrastructure that will promote and attract the presence of different forms of maritime traffic in the port as the best choice for the initial purpose. Different forms of maritime traffic enable more business opportunities to  compensate for the potential operating loss in case of declining maritime traffic. The Port Authority should consider the concessionaires' attitude, despite the possibility to express their own business interests within, as their business results are closely related to the size of maritime traffic in the port.
The playboy and James Bond
Authors: Hines Claire
Published: September 2019

This is the first book to focus on James Bond’s relationship to the playboy ideal through the sixties and beyond. Examining aspects of the Bond phenomenon and the playboy lifestyle, it considers how ideas of gender and consumption were manipulated to construct and reflect a powerful male fantasy in the post-war era. This analysis of the close association and relations between the emerging cultural icons of James Bond and the playboy is particularly concerned with Sean Connery’s definitive Bond as he was promoted and used by the media. By exploring the connections that developed between Bond and Playboy magazine within a historical framework, the book offers new insights into these related phenomena and their enduring legacy in popular culture.
The Connery Bond
Authors: Hines Claire
Published: September 2019

This chapter begins by identifying 1965 as a highpoint for James Bond and also a significant milestone in both the formal and informal relationships that developed between Bond and Playboy. It is the first of three chapters to use as a key point of reference the 1965 November issue of Playboy, which included an interview with star Sean Connery. The chapter examines how Playboy endorsed Connery’s Bond as a contemporary role model both in the early Bond films and beyond the screen, and as an iconic embodiment of the playboy fantasy ideal. It examines how particular aspects of Connery’s Bond resemble the 1960s Playboy fantasy of individualism, social mobility and the work–leisure relationship, which was not without its contradictions and paradoxes.
Seeking paths to existence in Rachid Djaïdani’s Rengaine
Authors: Khoury Mona El
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines Rachid Djaïdani’sfilm Rengaine which, like his previous works, questions classification, eludes labels, and fosters universalist ideals. Rengaine initiates a dialogue between the particular and the universal, between the traditional family order marked by patriarchal domination and the assertion of a cultural, ethnic, and sexual identity whose fluidity makes it open to negotiation.
Framing referendum campaigns in the news
Authors: Dekavalla Marina
Published: September 2019

This book discusses the framing of referendum campaigns in the news media, focusing particularly on the case of the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. Using a comprehensive content analysis of print and broadcast coverage as well as in-depth interviews with broadcast journalists and their sources during this campaign, it provides an account of how journalists construct the frames that define their coverage of contested political campaigns. It views the mediation process from the perspective of those who participate directly in it, namely journalists and political communicators. It puts forward an original theoretical model to account more broadly for frame building in the context of referendums in Western media systems, using insights from this and from other cases. The book makes an original contribution to the study of media frames during referendums.
Demogaphic: The Jewish population of Leeds – how many Jews?
Authors: Grizzard Nigel
Published: September 2019

The chapter attempts the difficult task of estimating the changing Jewish population of Leeds, without reliable census data. Before the present century, the census did not record religious affiliation. Surrogate demographic data has to be used based on place of birth; for the 1881, 1891 and 1901 census, if the place of birth was stated as Russia it has been used to form the basis of population estimates. The name COHEN is used as an additional indicator, as well as birth and death rates. The Jewish Year Book estimates are listed.
At rest and play: leisure and sporting activities
Authors: Goldstone Phil
Published: September 2019

This chapter explodes the myth that while Jews were active in culture and the arts, they were uninterested in sporting pursuits. A comprehensive review is provided of Jewish activity in a range of sports. For football there was important activity in the ownership of Leeds United and in rugby league in the sport’s administration. Leeds Jews achieved proficiency at county or even national level in golf, athletics, tennis and boxing. In amateur dramatics there was a distinguished history through the Proscenium Players (which launched many acting careers) and Limelight.
Revolution remembered
Authors: Legon Edward
Published: September 2019

Parliamentarians continued to identify with the decisions to oppose and resist Crown and established church after the Restoration. By expressing these views between 1660 and 1688, these men and women were vulnerable to charges of sedition or treason. This book examines these ‘seditious memories’ and asks why people risked themselves by expressing them in public. It does so without dismissing such views as evidence of discontent or radicalism, showing instead how they countered experiences of defeat. As well as speech and writing, these views are shown to have manifested themselves as misbehavior during official commemoration of the civil wars and republic. It also considers how such views were passed on from the generation of men and women who experienced civil war and revolution to their children and grandchildren.
Seditious memories: Contestation and cultural resistance
Authors: Legon Edward
Published: September 2019

The chapter begins the process of understanding the expression of seditious memories by placing them in the context of the Restoration’s politics of memory. This involves viewing seditious memories as ‘counter-memories’ that subverted and resisted efforts by royalists to secure mnemonic hegemony. The chapter examines the expression of seditious memories to audiences that were expected to disagree in order to show that men and women used such views to legitimise publicly their decisions to support parliament and the establishment of a republic. The chapter also shows that the public expression of seditious memories acted as forms of subversive ‘cultural resistance’ by appropriating the identities that royalists imputed to parliamentarians and royalists, and threatening royalists with a return of civil war and revolution.
Mis-commemoration after the Restoration
Authors: Legon Edward
Published: September 2019

Moving beyond oral culture, this chapter identifies a rich vein of what is referred to as mis-commemoration after the Restoration: the failure to live up to the government’s expectations of behaviour on the anniversaries of the regicide (30 January) and the Restoration (29 May). Various explanations are offered for mis-commemoration, such as dissenting quibbles with episcopacy and Anglican worship, the extent to which the days accentuated political and religious protest, concerns about the extent to which the anniversaries were used to lambast dissenters, and, drawing on previous chapters, disagreement about the royalist interpretations of the recent past to which the days lent themselves.
Seditious memories across generations
Authors: Legon Edward
Published: September 2019

The final chapter begins with the issue that many of the men and women who expressed seditious memories did not experience the wars and revolutions to which they referred. The chapter offers explanations for this phenomenon. It does so by demonstrating that many of the younger generation who expressed seditious memories were from Covenanter, parliamentarian or republican families, or associated with Whigs and others who shared seditious memories. The chapter concludes by focusing on examples of seditious remembering in which we can glimpse the transmission of seditious memories from one generation to the next.
Conclusion
Authors: Legon Edward
Published: September 2019

The experiences of Edward Bowles were typical of godly clergy who lived through the mid seventeenth century. A supporter of Parliament’s cause, he was appointed chaplain to a regiment of foot in the early months of the civil war. In the next decade, Bowles ministered at York, where he corresponded with Oliver Cromwell’s spymaster John Thurloe. Despite his support for the Protectorate, Bowles saw the restoration of Charles II as the surest method of reaching a political and religious compromise, and, with it, peace and stability. In the final year of the Commonwealth, he actively mediated discussions between General George Monck and Thomas, Lord Fairfax, who were then preparing to declare for a free parliament at Westminster. Despite his active support for the Restoration, Bowles, with other Presbyterians, suffered exclusion in its immediate aftermath. And yet, dying on the eve of the infamous ‘Black Bartholomew’s Day’ in August 1662, he did not quite live long enough to see the ejection of hundreds of his fellow Nonconformist ministers from their livings....
Urban gardening and spatial justice from a mid-size city perspective: the case of Ortobello Urban Garden
Authors: Aliperti Giuseppe , Sarti Silvia
Published: September 2019

The increasing number of metropolitan areas worldwide suggests to more in-depth investigate metropolitan neighbourhoods in order to explain the complex social dynamics emerging in these new contexts. As a matter of fact, the majority of the existing studies on spatial justice provided analyses and investigations focused on metropolitan settings. However, the issue of spatial justice also involves smaller urban areas and further research is needed in that sense. Our investigation analyses a case study of urban gardening that has been developed with the aim of valorising the central neighbourhood of an Italian mid-size city through proposing participatory planning interventions and requalification of urban sites. The urban gardening initiative has included several actors within the process of implementation. The investigated group of people potentially subjected to the spatial injustice is formed by the residents and the local retailers. A comparison between different stakeholders’ perspectives is provided in order to measure the positive and negative impacts of the initiative on the local community.
Limits to growth? Why gardening has limited success growing inclusive communities
Authors: Pitt Hannah
Published: September 2019

Community has been presented as central to urban gardens’ practices and outcomes. This chapter considers what kind of communities result and whether they can tackle inequality, questioning their potential as an inclusive basis for challenging injustice. Answering these questions requires attention to activities forming garden communities and their spatiality. Informed by relational geography, the chapter challenges simplistic treatments of links between garden, community and place. Case studies from the UK demonstrate how facets enabling gardens to form communities result in exclusivity, unintentionally limiting who can access their benefits. Communities formed through collective place-making are found to struggle to extend across space and time, limiting their potential to reduce social inequalities. Achieving wider change requires work to push spatial relations across time to imagine a better future, and across space towards neighbours, social justice movements and structural causes of injustice.
The foreseen future of urban gardening
Authors: Eizenberg Efrat
Published: September 2019

This concluding chapter briefly reviews the different, sometime diametric, ways in which the literature conceptualizes urban gardening. It brings together enthusiastic approaches that understand urban gardening for its transformative potential to materialise new ideas of cooperation-based relations and sustainable urbanism, and critical approaches that analyse it as another form of greenwash and as another strategy of neoliberal development. The chapter then discusses how the different chapters in the book have come to terms with this gap of understanding urban gardening and the resolutions and new directions for understanding they offer. The chapter concludes with outlining the main contribution of the book to current and future understanding of urban gardening.
Follow the money: who profits and how
Authors: Hodkinson Stuart
Published: September 2019

This chapter turns to the bottom line of outsourced regeneration and self-regulation – the colossal financial riches made, following the money from government to the immediate companies and then through to their ultimate owners, often offshored in tax havens. A first section recaps on the variety of unnecessary costs imposed on the public sector through PFI procurement that would simply not be possible if the scheme was financed and procured directly through the public sector. A second section focuses on the complex yet lucrative financial deals done to raise the upfront investment that provide private banks, financial market traders and PFI investors with enormous, risk-free profits. A third section turns to the generous profit margins commanded by the construction and maintenance firms in these PFI schemes from the lack of genuine competition in the procurement process. A fourth section details how corporate consultants and the big four accountancy firms also financially benefit from advising and auditing on these schemes in ways that create real conflicts of interest. A final section that follows these different profitable financial flows through the MFN regeneration scheme.
Migrant Architects of the NHS
Authors: Simpson Julian M.
Published: September 2019

The NHS is traditionally viewed as a typically British institution; a symbol of national identity. It has however always been dependent on a migrant workforce whose role has until recently received little attention from historians. Migrant Architects draws on 45 oral history interviews (40 with South Asian GPs who worked through this period) and extensive archival research to offer a radical reappraisal of how the National Health Service was made. This book is the first history of the first generation of South Asian doctors who became GPs in the National Health Service. Their story is key to understanding the post-war history of British general practice and therefore the development of a British healthcare system where GPs play essential roles in controlling access to hospitals and providing care in community settings.
Imperial legacies, professional discrimination and an exodus of British-trained doctors combined to direct a large proportion of migrant doctors towards work as GPs in industrial areas. In some parts of Britain they made up more than half of the GP workforce. This book documents the structural dependency of British general practice on South Asian doctors. It also focuses on the agency of migrant practitioners and their transformative roles in British society and medicine.
TV antiquity
Authors: Magerstädt Sylvie
Published: September 2019

TV antiquity explores representations of ancient Greece and Rome throughout television history. It is the first comprehensive overview of the genre in television. More specifically, the author argues that serial television set in antiquity offers a perspective on the ancient world quite distinct from their cinematic counterparts. The book traces the historic development of fictional representations of antiquity from the staged black-and-white shows of the 1950s and 60s to the most recent digital spectacles. A key argument explored throughout the book is that the structure of serial television (with its focus on intimacy and narrative complexity) is at times better suited to explore the complex mythic and historic plots of antiquity. Therefore, the book consciously focusses on multipart television dramas rather than made-for-TV feature films. This enables the author to explore the specific narrative and aesthetic possibilities of this format. The book features a range of insightful case studies, from the high-profile serials I, Claudius (1976) and Rome (2005-8) to lesser known works like The Caesars (1968) or The Eagle of the Ninth (1976) and popular entertainment shows such as Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1995-9) and STARZ Spartacus (2010-3). Each of the case studies also draws out broader issues in the specific decade under consideration. Consequently, the book highlights the creative interplay between television genres and production environments and illustrates how cultural and political events have influenced the representations of antiquity in television.
The past, present and future of Jensen's “Big Three” sauropods
Authors: Taylor Michael P , Wedel Mathew J
Published: September 2019

In the 1970s, Jim Jensen excavated multiple gigantic sauropod dinosaurs from Dry Mesa Quarry (DMQ), Colorado. In 1985, he formally named Supersaurus, Ultrasaurus (later Ultrasauros), and Dystylosaurus based on these specimens. Later, Brian Curtice and coauthors referred the holotype vertebrae of Ultrasauros and Dystylosaurus to Supersaurus, and the referred scapulocoracoid of Ultrasauros to Brachiosaurus.

In 2016, we determined that a large cervical vertebra referred to Supersaurus in fact belongs to Barosaurus. Either Supersaurus is synonymous with Barosaurus, or it is distinct but some Barosaurus material has been incorrectly referred. The holotype of Dystylosaurus, an anterior dorsal vertebra, cannot belong to Barosaurus due to its unsplit neural spine, but no shared apomorphies support its referral to Supersaurus and the convenient referral of all large diplodocid material from DMQ to Supersaurus is no longer supportable in light of the Barosaurus cervical.

Nomenclatural issues pertaining to Supersaurus must be resolved by reference to its holotype scapulocoracoid. Jensen assigned two scapulocoracoids to Supersaurus, but his vague descriptions, and pervasive confusion around published specimen numbers, make it uncertain which of the two is the type. The two elements have subtle differences and may not belong to the same animal. This is unfortunate, since Supersaurus is the most complete, phylogenetically informative, and nomenclaturally stable of the “Big Three” Dry Mesa sauropods — or at least it was until now.

Finally, while the scapulocoracoid referred to Ultrasauros is probably from a titanosauriform, its coracoid does not closely resemble that of the holotype of Brachiosaurus, nor its scapulae those of Giraffatitan. In summary, the DMQ material includes at least three giant sauropods: a titanosauriform that may not be Brachiosaurus, and two diplodocids: Barosaurus and Supersaurus – but the diagnosis of the latter is muddied both by possible confusion with Barosaurus, and by definite confusion regarding the holotype.
Using the Paleobiology Database and MorphoBank to facilitate collaborative research and data archival
Authors: Hopkins Melanie J
Published: September 2019

The internet has made it possible to share and store large quantities of data, and as a result, there is an increasing imperative to make data easily accessible and results reproducible. This has been facilitated by the proliferation of online tools available for archiving and sharing data. In this talk I will describe two databases that are structured in different ways but provide useful platforms for collaboration, reproducibility, and data archival. The first is the Paleobiology Database (PBDB), which is a public resource for paleontological data in support of global, collection-based occurrence and taxonomic data for organisms of all geologic ages. I will give a brief history of the PBDB; describe how data is contributed; describe data services for browsing data, downloading data, and the independent development of analytical and visualization tools; and describe how to make research based on data from the PBDB replicable. The second is MorphoBank, which is a project-based platform for organizing and archiving morphological data and images affiliated with that data, and whose primary use has been for building morphological matrices for use in phylogenetic and disparity analyses. I will give a brief history of MorphoBank; describe tools for data creation, editing, and export; and describe how the platform is best used for replicability and data archival during the review process and after publication. Finally, I will discuss the future of both databases, focusing particularly on initiatives for connecting each with other databases and with the R Project for Statistical Computing, as well as educational resources and funding.
Blue and Green
Authors: Cummings Scott L.
Published: September 2019

This book is about the struggle over the future of work and the environment on the edge of the global economy. It traces the history of conflict in an industry that is not widely known, but sits at the epicentre for the global supply chain: short-haul trucking responsible for moving the mass of imports from enormous cargo ships to warehouses and retailers around the country. The book’s specific focus is on the largest and most important campaign at the nation’s largest and most important port complex, which straddles the border of Los Angeles and Long Beach, California. Over nearly two decades, labor and environmental groups—bound together in a pivotal “blue-green” alliance—carried forward a monumental campaign to transform working conditions for drivers and environmental conditions for communities. At bottom, the book tells a story of the unceasing resolve of courageous people seeking to make lives better for some of the most marginalized members of society: immigrant truck drivers barely scrapping by as they deliver goods to be sold by some of the richest and most powerful companies in the world; residents of neighbourhoods whose poverty consigns them to inhale the noxious residue of global trade. How law serves as a tool in their struggle is the book’s central question.
The Movement for Economic and Environmental Justice at America’s Port
Authors: Cummings Scott L.
Published: September 2019

This chapter provides an overview of the book, sets out its aims and contents, provides theoretical context, and provides a plan for the book.
Law in the Development of the Port
Authors: Cummings Scott L.
Published: September 2019

This chapter provides a history of port development in Los Angeles and Long Beach and the role that law has played in transforming the ports from engines of export-oriented regional growth to conduits of global imports.
Assessing the Movement: Impact and Implications
Authors: Cummings Scott L.
Published: September 2019

This chapter analyses campaign outcomes and implications for social movement and legal theory.
Severity of Asthma and Serum Vitamin D Levels in Asthmatic Children
Authors: Bazargan Nasrin , Nazari Zeinab
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been rediscovered as a public health problem worldwide. It has been postulated that vitamin D deficiency explains a portion of the asthma epidemic. The purpose of this study was to assess the serum vitamin D levels in children with asthma as compared with the non-asthmatic population and to investigate the association of serum vitamin D levels with the severity of asthma.

Materials and Methods: We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) levels in 50 children with mild intermittent to moderate persistent asthma at the time of enrollment and 50 age- and sex-matched non-asthmatic children in a case-control study. The independent sample t-test, c2 test, and spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.

Results: Vitamin D level was 13.6 ± 1.1 ng/ml and 19.2 ± 1.8 ng/ml in asthmatic and                       non-asthmatic individuals, respectively. The mean (±SD) levels of serum vitamin D were  statistically significant between asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals. Females had lower          levels of vitamin D than males. Asthma severity was inversely associated with serum vitamin D level.

Conclusion: Findings of the present study demonstrate the significance of vitamin D in asthma. Sufficient doses of vitamin D should be administered to pregnant mothers and the babies monitored for symptoms of wheezing or asthma during childhood. Clinical trials are needed to definitively answer questions about the role of vitamin D in asthma.
A teoria e a prática na formação inicial de professores: algumas definições
Authors: Gimenes Camila Itikawa
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo definir e discutir as categorias teoria, prática e práxis na tradição do materialismo histórico e dialético a partir do filósofo hispano-mexicano Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez e seus desdobramentos para a educação, em especial, para o campo da formação de professores. Concluímos que a separação entre teoria e prática produz concepções formativas instrumentais como a racionalidade técnica e a racionalidade prático-utilitária, respectivamente. Por outro lado, defendemos a necessidade da práxis como fundamento dos processos formativos de futuros professores, uma vez que se trata de um curso que prepara para uma futura prátia profissional, ou seja, demanda conhecimento e intervenção na realidade social.
Measurement of the redox state of the plastoquinone pool in cyanobacteria
Authors: Khorobrykh Sergey , Tsurumaki Tatsuhiro , Tanaka Kan , Tyystjärvi Taina , Tyystjärvi Esa
Published: September 2019

Here, we developed a method for measuring the in vivo redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Cells were illuminated on a glass fiber filter, PQ was extracted with ethyl acetate and determined with HPLC. Control samples with fully oxidized and reduced photoactive PQ pool were prepared by far‐red and high light treatments, respectively, or by blocking the photosynthetic electron transfer chemically before or after PQ in moderate light. The photoactive pool comprised 50% of total PQ. We find that the PQ pool of cyanobacteria behaves under light treatments qualitatively similarly as in plant chloroplasts, is less reduced during growth under high than under ambient CO2 and remains partly reduced in darkness.
Exploiting Functionally Graded Elastomeric Materials to Program Collapse and Mechanical Properties
Authors: El-Helou Charles , Harne Ryan L.
Published: September 2019

The development of materials with periodic microstructures provides the means to tune mechanical properties via prescribed collapse mechanisms. As investigations give attention to tunable unit cell designs, questions arise regarding strategic ways to exploit built‐up materials to empower large, programmable control over properties and material functionality. The potential to rationally design functionally graded elastomeric materials to yield prescribed mechanical properties is demonstrated herein. Following computational and experimental studies of simplified unit cells and layers, the results inspire ways to exploit linear elastic network analogies to design built‐up and functionally graded materials. This approach exemplifies a streamlined means to create pre‐programmed properties on the basis of simple calculations related to measurements from fundamental material constituents. The results build a foundation for innovative approaches to newly leverage elastomeric materials with programmable collapse for myriad engineering applications.
Polyurethane End‐Capped by Tetramethylpyrazine‐Nitrone for Promoting Endothelialization Under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Qu Baoliu , Yuan Liguang , Yang Lei , Li Jinge , Lv Hongying , Yang Xiaoniu
Published: September 2019

Thrombus and restenosis are two main factors that cause the failure of vascular implants. Constructing a functional and confluent layer of endothelial cells (ECs) is considered an ideal method to prevent these problems. However, oxidative stress induced by the disease and implantation can damage ECs and hinder the endothelialization of implants. Thus, developing biomaterials that can protect ECs adhesion and proliferation from oxidative stress is urgently needed for the rapid endothelialization of vascular implants. In this work, a novel polyurethane (PU‐TBN) is synthesized by employing tetramethylpyrazine‐nitrone (TBN) as end‐group to endow polymers with dual functions of antioxidant activity and promoting endothelialization. Common PU without TBN is also prepared to be control. Compared to PU, PU‐TBN significantly promotes human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) adhesion and proliferation, where cells spread well and a confluent endothelial layer is formed. PU‐TBN also shows obvious free radical scavenging activity, and thus effectively attenuates oxidative stress to protect HUVECs from oxidative apoptosis. Moreover, PU‐TBN exhibits enhanced antiplatelets effect, excellent biocompatibility, and similar mechanical properties to PU. These characteristics can endow PU‐TBN with great potential to be used as vascular implants or coatings of other materials for rapid endothelialization under complex oxidative stress environment.