bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical Study of Solar Dimmings Using CoDiT
Authors: Krista Larisza D. , Reinard Alysha A.
Published: April 2017

We present the results from analyzing the physical and morphological properties of 154 dimmings (transient coronal holes) and the associated flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Each dimming in our 2013 catalog was processed with the semi-automated Coronal Dimming Tracker using Solar Dynamics Observatory AIA 193 Å observations and HMI magnetograms. Instead of the typically used difference images, we used our coronal hole detection algorithm to detect transient dark regions “directly” in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images. This allowed us to study dimmings as the footpoints of CMEs—in contrast with the larger, diffuse dimmings seen in difference images that represent the projected view of the rising, expanding plasma. Studying the footpoint-dimming morphology allowed us to better understand the CME structure in the low corona. While comparing the physical properties of dimmings, flares, and CMEs we were also able to identify relationships between the different parts of this complex eruptive phenomenon. We found that larger dimmings are longer-lived, suggesting that it takes longer to “close down” large open magnetic regions. Also, during their growth phase, smaller dimmings acquire a higher magnetic flux imbalance (i. e., become more unipolar) than larger dimmings. Furthermore, we found that the EUV intensity of dimmings (indicative of local electron density) correlates with how much plasma was removed and how energetic the eruption was. Studying the morphology of dimmings (single, double, fragmented) also helped us identify different configurations of the quasi-open magnetic field.
Comprehensive Study of Thermal Desorption of Grain-surface Species by Accretion Shocks around Protostars
Authors: Miura Hitoshi , Yamamoto Tetsuo , Nomura Hideko , Nakamoto Taishi , Tanaka Kyoko K. , Tanaka Hidekazu , Nagasawa Makiko
Published: April 2017

We conducted numerical simulations of the dust heating in accretion shocks induced by the interaction between the infalling envelope and the Keplerian disk surrounding a protostar, in order to investigate the thermal desorption of molecules from the dust-grain surfaces. It is thought that the surfaces of the amorphous dust grains are inhomogeneous; various adsorption sites with different binding energies should therefore exist. We assumed that the desorption energy has a Gaussian distribution and investigated the effect of the desorption energy distribution on the desorption-efficiency evaluation. We calculated the desorption fractions of the grain-surface species for wide ranges of input parameters and summarized our results in a shock diagram. The resulting shock diagram suggests that the enhanced line emissions around protostars observed using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array cannot be explained by the thermal desorption in an accretion shock if typical interstellar dust-grain sizes (

) and a single desorption energy are considered. On the other hand, if significantly smaller dust grains are the main grain-surface species carriers and the desorption energy has a Gaussian distribution, the origin of the enhanced line emission can be explained by the accretion shock heating scenario for all of the three protostars examined in this study: IRAS 04368+2557, IRAS 04365+2535, and IRAS 16293–2422. The small-grain-carrier supposition is quite reasonable when the dust grains have a power-law size distribution because the smaller grains primarily contribute to the dust-grain surface area.
On the Decreasing Fraction of Strong Lyα Emitters around z ∼ 6-7
Authors: Sadoun Raphael , Zheng Zheng , Miralda-Escudé Jordi
Published: April 2017

The fraction of galaxies with strong Lyα emission has been observed to decrease rapidly with redshift at z ≳ 6, after a gradual increase at z < 6. This has been interpreted as being a trace of the reionization of the intergalactic medium (IGM): the emitted Lyα photons would be scattered by an increasingly neutral IGM at z > 6. We study this effect by modeling the ionization and Lyα radiative transfer in the infall region and the IGM around a Lyα emitting galaxy (LAE), for a spherical halo model with the mean density and radial velocity profiles in the standard ΛCDM cosmological scenario. We find that the expected fast increase of the ionizing background intensity toward the end of the reionization epoch implies a rapid evolution of halo infall regions from being self-shielded against the external ionizing background to being mostly ionized. Whereas self-shielded infall regions can scatter the Lyα photons over a much larger area than the commonly used apertures for observing LAEs, the same infalling gas is no longer optically thick to the Lyα emission line after it is ionized by the external background, making the Lyα emission more compact and brighter within the observed apertures. Based on this simple model, we show that the observed drop in the abundance of LAEs at z > 6 does not imply a rapid increase with redshift of the fraction of the whole IGM volume that is atomic, but is accounted for by a rapid increase of the neutral fraction in the infall regions around galaxy host halos.
Long-term CCD Photometry and Physical Properties of the sdB+M Eclipsing System 2M 1533+3759
Authors: Lee Jae Woo , Youn Jae-Hyuck , Hong Kyeongsoo , Han Wonyong
Published: April 2017

New CCD photometry of seven successive years from 2010 is presented for the HW Vir-type eclipsing binary 2M 1533+3759. Using the VI light curves together with the radial-velocity data given by For et al., we determined the absolute parameters of each component to be M
1 = 0.442 ± 0.012 M
⊙, M
2 = 0.124 ± 0.005 M
⊙, R
1 = 0.172 ± 0.002 R
⊙, R
2 = 0.157 ± 0.002 R
⊙, L
1 = 19.4 ± 1.4 L
⊙, and L
2 = 0.002 ± 0.002 L
⊙. These indicate that 2M 1533+3759 is a detached system consisting of a normal sdB primary and an M7 dwarf companion. Detailed analyses of 377 minimum epochs, including our 111 timings, showed that the orbital period of the system remains constant during the past 12 years. Inspecting both types of minima, we found a delay of 3.9 ± 1.0 s in the arrival times of the secondary eclipses relative to the primary eclipse times. This delay is in satisfactory agreement with the predicted Rømer delay of 2.7 ± 1.4 s, and the result is the second measurement in sdB+M eclipsing binaries. The time shift of the secondary eclipse can be explained by some combination of the Rømer delay and a non-zero eccentricity. Then the binary star would have a very small eccentricity of

.
The Deflection of the Cartwheel CME: ForeCAT Results
Authors: Capannolo Luisa , Opher Merav , Kay Christina , Landi Enrico
Published: April 2017

We analyze the Cartwheel coronal mass ejection's (CME; 2008 April 9) trajectory in the low corona with the ForeCAT model. This complex event presented a significant rotation in the low corona and a reversal in its original latitude direction. We successfully reproduce the observed CME’s trajectory (latitude and longitude deflection) and speed. Through a

test, we are able to constrain the CME’s mass to (2.3−3.0) × 1014 g and the CME’s initial shape. We are able to constrain the expansion of the CME as well: the angular width linearly increases until 2.1

, and is constant afterward. In order to match the observed latitude, we include a non-radial initial speed of −42 km s−1. Despite allowing the CME to rotate in the model, the magnetic forces of the solar background are not able to reproduce the observed rotation. We suggest that the complex reversal in latitude and the significant rotation of the Cartwheel CME can be justified with an asymmetrical reconnection event that ejected the CME non-radially and also initiated its rotation.
Detection of Submillimeter-wave [C i] Emission in Gaseous Debris Disks of 49 Ceti and β Pictoris
Authors: Higuchi Aya E. , Sato Aki , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Sakai Nami , Iwasaki Kazunari , Momose Munetake , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Ishihara Daisuke , Watanabe Sakae , Kaneda Hidehiro , Yamamoto Satoshi
Published: April 2017

We have detected [C i] 3
P
1–3
P
0 emissions in the gaseous debris disks of 49 Ceti and β Pictoris with the 10 m telescope of the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment, which is the first detection of such emissions. The line profiles of [C i] are found to resemble those of CO(J = 3–2) observed with the same telescope and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. This result suggests that atomic carbon (C) coexists with CO in the debris disks and is likely formed by the photodissociation of CO. Assuming an optically thin [C i] emission with the excitation temperature ranging from 30 to 100 K, the column density of C is evaluated to be (2.2 ± 0.2) × 1017 and (2.5 ± 0.7) × 1016 cm−2 for 49 Ceti and β Pictoris, respectively. The C/CO column density ratio is thus derived to be 54 ± 19 and 69 ± 42 for 49 Ceti and β Pictoris, respectively. These ratios are higher than those of molecular clouds and diffuse clouds by an order of magnitude. The unusually high ratios of C to CO are likely attributed to a lack of H2 molecules needed to reproduce CO molecules efficiently from C. This result implies a small number of H2 molecules in the gas disk, i.e., there is an appreciable contribution of secondary gas from dust grains.
Honte et regard
Authors: Cherki Alice
Published: April 2017

Ce texte travaille la place du regard et la haine primaire à partir d’histoires actuelles, ce qui nous force à interroger des notions telles que la honte, la violence et la haine, en lien avec la période d’adolescence, temps violent qui l’est infiniment plus pour les jeunes des classes populaires, des jeunes des banlieues, comme on les assigne sous une dénomination de masse, doublement déshérités. Il s’agit d’histoires complexes, parsemées de violences subies, recouvertes le plus souvent par le silence familial mais aussi par celui des représentations politiques, historiques et juridiques. Sortir de la honte, sortir de la défaite du corps nu, pétrifié, qui veut rentrer sous terre, sidéré, suppose un mouvement pulsionnel qui se soutient de la haine, un mouvement pulsionnel adressé à l’autre. Il faut l’entendre comme un appel, un appel à une nouvelle subjectivation, une reconnaissance d’altérité et de différenciation qui devraient être entendus au temps de l’adolescence et reçus par les médiations culturelles, sociales, et pourquoi pas religieuses.
L’envie dans la vie quotidienne
Authors: Joseph Betty
Published: April 2017

Ce texte vise à décrire et à débattre de la notion d’envie, de ses manifestations les plus simples et les plus conscientes à ses aspects les plus destructeurs et les plus blessants ( spoiling ), conscients ou inconscients, et à la considérer comme un aspect inévitable de la vie mentale et de la vie quotidienne. Lorsque l’envie est trop intense et qu’elle n’est pas assez tempérée par l’amour, elle perturbe les relations normales avec les autres et la construction d’une structure caractérielle saine et vivable ; et elle contribue à de graves difficultés émotionnelles. La douleur de l’envie nous amène à édifier différentes défenses que j’ai décrites ici. Un bref matériel clinique issu d’un cas a été évoqué pour montrer l’envie en action dans un traitement analytique. Les buts de la thérapie ont été évoqués en termes de promotion d’une meilleure intégration des différentes forces en conflit, de manière à atténuer ainsi le cercle vicieux qu’une envie insuffisamment tempérée tend à perpétuer.
Accueillir l’envie
Authors: Perdigon Vincent
Published: April 2017

L’envie ne se prête pas particulièrement à être accueillie : elle suscite plutôt des réactions de rejet. La question se pose néanmoins d’un accueil de ce qui apparaît en dernier ressort comme l’expression d’une souffrance indicible. Qu’en est-il de cette souffrance et de la fonction d’accueil de l’analyste nécessaire à son dépassement ?
Approches de la complexité dans le contexte de l’éducation en vue du développement durable : quelles perspectives pour la didactique de la géographie ?
Authors: Pache Alain , Hertig Philippe , Curnier Daniel
Published: April 2017

Partant du constat que les disciplines scolaires font aujourd’hui l’objet d’une recomposition disciplinaire sous l’effet de multiples demandes sociales, ce texte questionne quelques enjeux en termes de recherche et de didactique. Après une brève présentation du contexte éducatif suisse romand, les auteurs présentent les logiques de construction d’un objet de recherche portant sur l’éducation en vue du développement durable et la complexité. Les résultats de cette recherche, couplés à d’autres travaux réalisés dans l’aire francophone, positionnent la didactique de la géographie à l’intersection de six champs scientifiques, contribuant ainsi au débat sur de nombreuses questions. L’article se termine par quelques exemples d’intégration des résultats de recherche dans la formation des enseignants et par l’évocation de nouvelles perspectives de recherche en didactique de la géographie.
Policy Entrepreneurship, Policy Diffusion and Transboundary Environmental Regulation: Evidence from Southern China
Authors: Lee Frederick , Chu Vivian H. Y.
Published: April 2017

Traiter les émissions marines transfrontalières en Chine septentrionale constitue un problème d’envergure, vu la différence institutionnelle entre les styles de gouvernance à Hong Kong et les gouvernements chinois continentaux. Les décideurs de HK tirent parti des opportunités proposées par leur forme de gouvernance réticulaire pour prendre une avance quant au contrôle des émissions marines et portuaires. Leur tentative de créer un régime de régulation transfrontalier est contrecarré par le mode de gouvernement hiérarchisé chinois. L’analyse démontre que les actions des entrepreneurs politiques sont restées amplement conditionnées par quelques paramètres institutionnels majeurs.
La théorie de l’agence et la concession des services publics : le cas des chemins de fer camerounais
Authors: Bidiasse Honoré
Published: April 2017

L’objet de cet article est d’évaluer la pertinence du modèle principal-agent comme cadre d’analyse de la concession du chemin de fer au Cameroun. Plusieurs paramètres montrent qu’il s’agit bien d’une relation d’agence dans ce contrat : la délégation de pouvoirs de l’État (principal) au concessionnaire (agent) ; l’hypothèse d’un déficit d’information en faveur de l’agent ; l’existence d’un mécanisme de partage de risque. Cependant, la théorie de l’agence est mise à mal du fait de la mauvaise définition du périmètre de la concession, ce qui conduit à un renchérissement des coûts d’agence et ouvre la voie aux comportements stratégiques des acteurs.
Clausewitz, réveille-toi !
Authors: Huyghe François-Bernard
Published: April 2017

On ne peut vaincre le terrorisme mais on peut vaincre des groupes terroristes. À condition de viser leurs forces morales autant que matérielles.
Justice climatique et négociations internationales
Authors: Bourban Michel
Published: April 2017

Cet article s’inspire des principes normatifs ancrés dans le régime climatique onusien pour proposer un dispositif institutionnel permettant de réduire l’écart grandissant entre les politiques climatiques internationales et les exigences de la justice climatique. Il explique pour quelles raisons les engagements nationaux des pays développés sont insuffisants et inéquitables à ce jour. Il développe ensuite, à partir de la norme dite « des responsabilités communes mais différenciées et des capacités respectives », un cadre normatif pour rendre les engagements futurs plus ambitieux et plus justes. L’objectif est d’intégrer un calculateur d’équité aux contributions nationalement déterminées des pays et d’expliquer pourquoi cette proposition est politiquement faisable.
Between “Apparent Unanimity” and Majority Vote – A Political Micro-ethnography of Committee Decision-Making
Authors: Pritzlaff-Scheele Tanja
Published: April 2017

Dans de nombreux contextes de décision politique, comme par exemple des comités au niveau fédéral-étatique allemand, les décisions sont prises à plusieurs, lors de réunions en face-à-face. Les décisions n’y sont souvent pas prises à l’aide d’un vote, qu’il soit secret ou à main levée. Au contraire, après une période de négociation et de délibération, un scénario est présenté et, au cas où aucun des membres du groupe ne le conteste ouvertement, il est adopté. Il s’agit d’un phénomène d’«unanimité apparente». Mais le résultat diffère de l’unanimité réelle. L’article présente ainsi des analyses micro-ethnographiques de séquences d’interactions caractérisées par ces formes spécifiques de prise de décision. L’accent est porté sur différents cas, issus de données expérimentales dans lesquelles, au cours d’un processus continu, les groupes passent de l’unanimité au vote majoritaire.
La nature du vote oral. Leçons d’une étude de cas
Authors: Urfalino Philippe
Published: April 2017

À partir d’une étude détaillée des débats et scrutins de comités d’experts contemporains, cet article conforte une hypothèse élaborée à partir des pratiques électorales du moyen Âge et de l’Ancien Régime : le vote oral est un mode de décision spécifique. Ces propriétés distinctes montrent qu’il n’est pas un vote comme un autre.
Un cas de famillicide : crime et psychose
Authors: Camps François-David
Published: April 2017

Cet article étudie les liens entre crime et psychose. À partir de l’étude du cas clinique d’un homme atteint de schizophrénie ayant tué toute sa famille, l’article tente de mettre en lumière les diverses interprétations de l’acte meurtrier tout en les liant aux impasses de l’histoire subjective de cet homme. Il distingue l’uxoricide de l’infanticide par les mobiles inconscients sous-jacents à chacun des meurtres. L’article postule que ce crime familial est le produit d’une absence d’inscription de la filiation chez le sujet et un recours face à l’angoisse de perte. Il distingue plusieurs logiques inconscientes à ce crime familial : celle d’un matricide imaginaire dans le meurtre de l’épouse et celle d’une solution mélancolique et cannibalique au meurtre des enfants.
Freud parle aux juristes : savoir et vérité entre la psychanalyse et l’instruction judiciaire
Authors: Nobre Martins Victor M.
Published: April 2017

Que dit Freud aux juristes lorsque, à leur demande, il compara la technique psychanalytique à celle de l’instruction judiciaire ? À partir d’une lecture de la conférence de 1906  L’établissement des faits par voie diagnostique et la psychanalyse , on déploiera ses conjectures à la lumière des concepts de savoir et de vérité pour ainsi reposer ses questions aux juristes.
Investigation on Antioxidants, Free Radical Scavenger and Lipid Peroxidation Activi-Ties of Whole Grains Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)
Authors: Ajiboye Abiodun , Dedeke Oyinade , Adeyemo Folasade
Published: April 2017

This study evaluates the antioxidant potential and free radical scavenging ability of whole grain finger millet. The crude extracts were obtained by cold maceration using 80% ethanol and methanol. Concentrated extracts were subjected to radicals of 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde, while the antioxidant constituents evaluated includes total phenol and flavonoid. The results revealed that whole grain finger millet contained 14.65 ± 0.41 and 38.19 ± 0.60 mg QUE/g sample of flavoniods, 36.46 ± 1.09 and 67.10 ± 1.17 mg GAE/g sample of total phenolics and 17.61 ± 0.70 and 35.89 ± 1.32 mg AAE/g sample of total antioxidant capacity for methanol and ethanol respectively. Ethanolic extract of whole finger millet scavenged above 50% hyrogen peroxide, NO and DPPH radicals. Hence, it terminated up to 8.97–65.16% lipid peroxidation reaction chain that may result from auto-oxidation, photo-oxidation and any other oxidation stress that may occur in plant and animal tissues. Therefore, pharmocology attention has to be given to finger millet which showed an effective antioxdants and antiradical capacities. Also, cultivation of finger millet should be encouraged by farmers.
Two new records of flowering plants from Lesotho
Authors: Kobisi Khotso , Kose Lerato S. , Moteetee Annah
Published: April 2017

Background: A number of books, articles and checklists have been published on Lesotho’s flora. The species presented here have been recorded for South Africa but have not previously been recorded for Lesotho.Objectives: As part of a study aimed at updating biodiversity records of the southern parts of Lesotho (Qacha’s Nek and Quthing districts), with the main focus of compiling a checklist for the Sehlabethebe National Park, this report presents plant species that have until now not been recorded for the Lesotho flora.Method: Several field trips were undertaken between 2004 and 2009. Plant identification was done based on observation and photographic records. After the compilation of the checklist, it became clear that two of the species observed had not been previously recorded for Lesotho. A follow-up trip was carried out in February 2016, during which plant specimens of the presumed new records were collected and deposited at the National University of Lesotho Herbarium (ROML) [and the University of Johannesburg Herbarium (JRAU)]. Plant identification was confirmed by experts in the family Apocynaceae.Results: Two species not previously recorded for Lesotho, namely Ceropegia africana subsp. barklyi and Duvalia caespitosa subsp. caespitosa, were found during the exploration of the southern parts of Lesotho which included the Sehlabathebe National Park.Conclusions: The fact that two species have been recorded in Lesotho for the first time clearly indicates that documentation of the flora of Lesotho needs to be updated. This work is therefore regarded as complementary to previous publications on the Lesotho flora.
Technology-Mediated Interventions and Quality of Life for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Cho Hwayoung , Iribarren Sarah , Schnall Rebecca
Published: April 2017

Background: As HIV/AIDS is considered a chronic disease; quality of life (QoL) has become an important focus for researchers and healthcare providers. Technology-mediated interventions have demonstrated improved clinical effectiveness in outcomes, such as viral suppression, for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). However, the evidence to support the impact of these interventions on QoL is lacking.

Objectives: The aim of this paper was to assess the impact of technology-mediated interventions on QoL and to identify the instruments used to measure the QoL of PLWH.

Methods: For this review we followed the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases in April 2016. Inclusion criteria limited articles to those with technology-mediated interventions as compared to usual care; articles with the population defined as HIV-infected patients; and articles with QoL measured as a health outcome in randomized controlled trials. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess study quality.

Results: Of the 1,554 peer-reviewed articles returned in the searches, 10 met the inclusion criteria. This systematic review identified four types of technology-mediated interventions and two types of QoL instruments used to examine the impact of technology-mediated interventions on PLWH. Four studies of technology-mediated interventions resulted in improvement in QoL. Four studies considered QoL as a secondary outcome and resulted in a negative or neutral impact on QoL. Overall, four studies had a low risk of bias, one study had a moderate risk of bias, and the other five studies had a high risk of bias.

Conclusions: The evidence to support the improvement of QoL using technology-mediated interventions is insufficient. This lack of research highlights the need for increased study of QoL as an outcome measure and the need for consistent measures to better understand the role of technology-mediated interventions in improving QoL for PLWH.

Citation: Hwayoung Cho, Sarah Iribarren, Rebecca Schnall. Technology-Mediated Interventions and Quality of Life for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 348–368 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-10-R-0175
Impacts of East Asian summer and winter monsoons on interannual variations of mass concentrations and direct radiative forcing of black carbon over eastern China
Authors: Mao Yu-Hao , Liao Hong , Chen Hai-Shan
Published: April 2017

Abstract. We applied a global three-dimensional chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to examine the impacts of the East Asian monsoon on the interannual variations of mass concentrations and direct radiative forcing (DRF) of black carbon (BC) over eastern China (110–125° E, 20–45° N). With emissions fixed at the year 2010 levels, model simulations were driven by the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-4) meteorological fields for 1986–2006 and the Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) meteorological fields for 1980–2010. During the period of 1986–2006, simulated June–July–August (JJA) and December–January–February (DJF) surface BC concentrations were higher in MERRA than in GEOS-4 by 0.30 µg m−3 (44 %) and 0.77 µg m−3 (54 %), respectively, because of the generally weaker precipitation in MERRA. We found that the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM; East Asian winter monsoon, EAWM) negatively correlated with simulated JJA (DJF) surface BC concentrations (r = −0. 7 (−0.7) in GEOS-4 and −0.4 (−0.7) in MERRA), mainly by the changes in atmospheric circulation. Relative to the 5 strongest EASM years, simulated JJA surface BC concentrations in the 5 weakest monsoon years were higher over northern China (110–125° E, 28–45° N) by 0.04–0.09 µg m−3 (3–11 %), but lower over southern China (110–125° E, 20–27° N) by 0.03–0.04 µg m−3 (10–11 %). Compared to the 5 strongest EAWM years, simulated DJF surface BC concentrations in the 5 weakest monsoon years were higher by 0.13–0.15 µg m−3 (5–8 %) in northern China and by 0.04–0.10 µg m−3 (3–12 %) in southern China. The resulting JJA (DJF) mean all-sky DRF of BC at the top of the atmosphere was 0.04 W m−2 (3 %; 0.03 W m−2, 2 %) higher in northern China but 0.06 W m−2 (14 %; 0.03 W m−2, 3 %) lower in southern China. In the weakest monsoon years, the weaker vertical convection at the elevated altitudes led to the lower BC concentrations above 1–2 km in southern China, and therefore the lower BC DRF in the region. The differences in vertical profiles of BC between the weakest and strongest EASM years (1998–1997) and EAWM years (1990–1996) reached up to −0.09 µg m−3 (−46 %) and −0.08 µg m−3 (−11 %) at 1–2 km in eastern China.
Experimental and computational kinetics investigations for the reactions of Cl atoms with series of unsaturated ketones in gas phase
Authors: Vijayakumar Siripina , Kumar Avinash , Rajakuma Balla
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Temperature dependent rate coefficients for the gas phase reactions of Cl atoms with 4-hexen-3-one and 5-hexen-2-one were measured over the temperature range of 298–363 K relative to 1-pentene, 1,3-butadiene and isoprene. Gas Chromatography (GC) was used to measure the concentrations of the organics. The derived temperature dependent Arrhenius expressions are k4-hexen-3-one+Cl (298–363 K) = (2.82 ± 1.76)×10−12exp [(1556 ± 438)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and k5-hexen-2-one+Cl (298–363 K) = (4.6 ± 2.4)×10−11exp[(646 ± 171)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The corresponding room temperature rate coefficients are (5.54 ± 0.41)×10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and (4.00 ± 0.37)×10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for the reactions of Cl atoms with 4-hexen-3-one and 5-hexen-2-one respectively. To understand the mechanism of Cl atom reactions with unsaturated ketones, computational calculations were performed for the reactions of Cl atoms with 4-hexen-3-one, 5-hexen-2-one and 3-penten-2-one over the temperature range of 275–400 K using Canonical Variational Transition state theory (CVT) with Small Curvature Tunneling (SCT) in combination with CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d, p)//MP2/6-311++G(d, p) level of theory. Atmospheric implications, reaction mechanism and feasibility of the title reactions are discussed in this manuscript.
Improved rain-rate and drop-size retrievals from airborne and
spaceborne Doppler radar
Authors: Mason Shannon L. , Chiu J. Christine , Hogan Robin J. , Tian Lin
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Satellite radar remote-sensing of rain is important for quantifying of the global hydrological cycle, atmospheric energy budget, and many microphysical cloud and precipitation processes; however, radar estimates of rain rate are sensitive to assumptions about the raindrop size distribution. The upcoming EarthCARE satellite will feature a 94-GHz Doppler radar alongside lidar and radiometer instruments, presenting opportunities for enhanced global retrievals of the rain drop size distribution. In this paper we demonstrate the capability to retrieve both rain rate and a parameter of the rain drop size distribution from an airborne 94-GHz Doppler radar using CAPTIVATE, the variational retrieval algorithm developed for EarthCARE radar–lidar synergy. For a range of rain regimes observed during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) field campaign in the eastern Pacific in 2007, we explore the contributions of Doppler velocity and path-integrated attenuation (PIA) to the retrievals, and evaluate the retrievals against independent measurements from a second, less attenuated, Doppler radar aboard the same aircraft. Retrieved drop number concentration varied over five orders of magnitude between light rain from melting ice, and warm rain from liquid clouds. Doppler velocity can be used to estimate rain rate over land, and retrievals of rain rate and drop number concentration are possible in profiles of light rain over land; in moderate warm rain, drop number concentration can be retrieved without Doppler velocity. These results suggest that EarthCARE rain retrievals facilitated by Doppler radar will make substantial improvements to the global understanding of the interaction of clouds and precipitation.
Modelling the demand for new nitrogen fixation by terrestrial ecosystems
Authors:   Xu-Ri, Prentice I. Colin
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Continual input of reactive nitrogen (N) is required to support the natural turnover of N in terrestrial ecosystems. This N demand can be satisfied in various ways, including biological N fixation (BNF) (the dominant pathway under natural conditions), lightning-induced abiotic N fixation, N uptake from sedimentary substrates, and N deposition from natural and anthropogenic sources. We estimated the global new N fixation demand (NNF), i.e. the total new N input required to sustain net primary production (NPP) in non-agricultural terrestrial ecosystems regardless of its origin, using a N-enabled global dynamic vegetation model (DyN-LPJ). DyN-LPJ does not explicitly simulate BNF; rather, it estimates total NNF using a mass balance criterion and assumes that this demand is met from one source or another. The model was run in steady state and then in transient mode driven by recent changes in CO2 concentration and climate. A range of values for key stoichiometric parameters was considered, based on recently published analyses. Modelled NPP and C : N ratios of litter and soil organic matter were consistent with independent estimates. Modelled geographic patterns of ecosystem NNF were similar to other analyses, but actual estimated values exceeded recent estimates of global BNF. The results were sensitive to a few key parameters: the fraction of litter carbon respired to CO2 during decomposition and plant-type-specific C : N ratios of litter and soil. The modelled annual NNF increased by about 15 % during the course of the transient run, mainly due to increasing CO2 concentration. The model did not overestimate recent terrestrial carbon uptake, suggesting that the increase in NNF demand has so far been met. Rising CO2 is further increasing the NNF demand, while the future capacity of N sources to support this is unknown.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ROAD PROFILES BASED ON FRACTAL PROPERTIES AND CONTACT MECHANICS
Authors: Motamedi Mehran , Taheri Saied , Sandu Corina , Legrand Pierrick
Published: April 2017

A major challenge in tire and road engineering is to understand the intricate mechanisms of friction. Pavement texture is a feature of the road surface that determines most tire–road interactions, and it can be grouped into two classes of macro-texture and micro-texture. Since the effects of micro-texture and macro-texture dominate the friction measurements at low and high slip speeds, they can help provide sufficient resistance to skidding, if maintained at high levels. A non-contact profilometer is used to measure the macro- and micro-texture of several different road surfaces. The friction number for each surface is measured using the Michigan Department of Transportation's (MDOT) single axle friction trailer. Some fractal parameters of the measured profiles are estimated, and it is proved that all measured profiles display strong fractal behavior. The correlation between texture and fractal parameters and friction is investigated. It is shown that while global fractal quantities fail to classify pavement profiles, the pointwise Hölder exponent as a local fractal parameter, and also the mean square roughness, can discriminate profiles that have different frictional properties. For five road surfaces, two-dimensional (2D) characterization is done using one-dimensional (1D) profile measurements. The hysteretic coefficient of friction is estimated using the contact theory developed by B.N.J. Persson. Good correlation is observed between the wet friction measurements and friction prediction results.
Supplier Selection Process-Towards a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for Manned Guarding Services
Authors: Silva Rui Entradas , Dias Álvaro Lopes
Published: April 2017

This study seeks to identify the most important criteria for selecting private security service providers, specifically manned guarding. Previous research on provider selection has been generic focusing on multi-criteria model decision development, but not on the previous stage where industry related criteria should be identified. Given that manned guarding is a service that affects our daily lives, it is important to focus attention on this area of activity. Selecting a private security service provider should therefore be a process in researchers’ agenda. We contribute to the literature by identifying relevant criteria in manned guarding provider selection and by using a methodology than can be applied in other industries to identify sensitive criteria besides traditional factors (eg. price, quality, delivery). We gathered a panel of 15 experts in this field to apply Delphi method by gathering their opinion in ordering the most important criteria to select manned guarding service providers.Results shows price as the most important criterion, but it was closely related to the professional experience of the operations managers (supervisors and directors), the geographic location and the financial stability of the companies.
Selected Experiences of the Use of the Village Assembly in the Governance at the Grassroots Levels in Ludewa District Council in Tanzania
Authors: Kesale Anosisye Mwandulusya
Published: April 2017

This study attempted to find out whether the local government reform crusade i.e. campaign began by the government of Tanzania since 1990s has actually resulted into promotion of accountability, participation and transparency in village governance in Tanzania. The study specifically concentrated on looking the extent village assembly influences village governance (accountability, transparence and participation) in the two selected village of Ludewa Mjini and Ludewa Vijijini village. The experience has revealed that to some extent village assembly influence accountability, participation and transparency in village governance. However, the study has found that village leader’s accountability and transparency are largely influenced by civic education level, active participation and accessed of information of village assembly members.
Auditory Images in Edgar Allan Poe's “The Tell-Tale Heart”
Authors: Toikkanen Jarkko
Published: April 2017

“The Tell-Tale Heart” is a much-investigated tale of murder and disturbing report. In this article, I aim to show how sounds enforce meaning in the story, and how two rhetorical devices—ekphrasis and hypotyposis—can be used to highlight the different ways the story can be interpreted. Following the strategy lately championed by Brett Zimmerman, the work outlines a procedure by which reader effects can be qualitatively analyzed instead of speculating on “what really happened” in the story and what Poe might have meant with it. Even though ekphrasis and hypotyposis have been mostly used in the study of visual images, there is no reason why they could not be productively applied in the study of sounds in literature. As my analysis of the story will make clear, the visual images mentally produced in one's reading of a literary text are often inextricably meshed with sounds—in “The Tell-Tale Heart,” the creaking hinges of a lantern, the scurrying of nocturnal insects, the military beat of the exigent heart, to name just a few. In fact, the auditory quality of these images is best illuminated by the rhetorical strategies this article sets forth to expand the ways of reading Poe's narratives.
A representação da morte infantil em imagens cemiteriais no Brasil (séculos XIX e XX)
Authors: Gawryszewski Alberto
Published: April 2017

A questão central desenvolvida neste trabalho foi o uso de imagens de crianças (fotografias e estatutárias) encontradas em sepulturas de cemitérios brasileiros nos séculos XIX e XX. O uso de fotografias em túmulos ainda carece de maiores pesquisas. O objetivo é possibilitar
ao leitor a abordagem histórica sobre um tema específico, oferecer uma
perspectiva quanto à construção da memória da criança, seja pelas imagens ou pelos escritos. As cidades escolhidas são de diversas regiões para ajudar na demonstração de um possível padrão ou de afinidade com a temática da morte. As cidades em que se localizam os cemitérios
e as datas das fotografias são citadas, ocultando-se o nome do cemitério
(quando possível) e o nome da família das crianças falecidas.

Palavras-chave: Adornos. Cemitério. Crianças. Imagem.
A fotografia humanista e a construção de uma historiografia sobre a fotografia latino-americana
Authors: Zerwes Erika
Published: April 2017

Este artigo busca analisar, de forma paralela, alguns aspectos da construção de uma historiografia da chamada fotografia
humanista e da fotografia latino--americana. Ambas começam a se constituir de forma mais articulada em finais da década de 1970 e início da década de 1980. Assim, mais do que discutir produções fotográficas específicas, o objetivo é debater os modos como essas produções foram articuladas em discursos que buscaram unificá-las. Trata-se da sistematização de conclusões preliminares de uma pesquisa ainda em andamento sobre as diferentes noções de humanismo na fotografia e como se manifestam na fotografia latino-americana.

Palavras-chave: Cultura visual. Fotografia humanista. Fotografia latino-americana.
O menino de Rugendas, da parede ao espaço virtual: o que muda no desenho de humor?
Authors: Maringoni Gilberto
Published: April 2017

Este artigo busca examinar as relações entre as mudanças de suporte no âmbito do desenho de humor no Brasil dos últimos dois séculos e suas decorrências discursivas e informacionais. Refletirá sobre a arte gráfica como manifestação popular, sua apreensão por setores cultos,
sua difusão no meio impresso e a passagem de tais produtos para o ambiente virtual da internet. Nesses trânsitos, altera-se não apenas a materialidade da obra, mas suas características autorais, informacionais, estéticas e de conteúdo.

Palavras-chave: Desenho de humor. Imprensa. Internet.
A ‘prenda’ e o voto: as primeiras participações femininas nas eleições do Rio Grande do Sul (1933-1935)
Authors: Karawejczyk Mônica
Published: April 2017

Este artigo pretende destacar a participação feminina das gaúchas nas três primeiras eleições da República Nova, na década de 1930. Mais do que apontar a inédita participação das cidadãs do Rio Grande do Sul no pleito eleitoral, este artigo quer destacar a efetiva participação política das mulheres na época. Para tanto, procura dados nos principais jornais
editados em Porto Alegre, no período analisado, a saber, Correio do Povo, Diário de Notícias, Jornal da Manhã e A Federação.

Palavras-chave: Eleições. Imprensa. Mulheres.
A case study: Enhancing execution of a nursing practice using organizational development principles
Authors: Mathews Vinitia E. , Olson Barbara L.
Published: April 2017

In 2013, a large health system endorsed bedside shift report as a nursing practice to increase patient engagement. While numerous hospitals in the system adopted the practice of bedside shift report, the system did not see anticipated improvements in patient safety or patient satisfaction. Observations across the system revealed tremendous variation in bedside shift report practice norms. The hypothesis was that bedside shift report was either (1) too different from entrenched hand-over processes to be effectively executed, or (2) the desired state of hand-over at the bedside had not been sufficiently articulated. The health system adopted a change management approach to tackle the issue, drawing from organizational development and organizational psychology literature. The result was the creation of a bedside shift report developmental framework which broke down the practice into a series of small, specific component parts, and demonstrated that it was normal to gradually evolve to the ideal, and only after basic behaviors became hardwired. The framework was revised once before arriving at the current iteration in use today. Patient safety and patient satisfaction data will be collected throughout 2017. In the meanwhile, ongoing observations show anecdotal evidence of specific safety catches as well as appreciations from nurses, patients and family members who have greatly benefitted from bedside shift report. The framework has also significantly increased nursing adoption and expertise with bedside shift report. The practice is now in place in 98% of the health system’s hospitals (compared to 52% in 2013), with many units at mastery level.
The correlation between knowledge and intention with self-efficacy of pregnant women to attend antenatal care at healthcare
Authors: Mardiana Nina , Sipasulta Grace C. , Albertina Meitty
Published: April 2017

In Indonesia, the utilization of antenatal care at healthcare professionals was only 66%, and this figure dropped during a delivery. As much as 46% of pregnant women who attend antenatal care at healthcare professionals did not carry birth in healthcare facility. This study aims to explain the correlation between knowledge and intention with self-efficacy of pregnant women to get antenatal care. This was a quasi-experimental research with pre and post one group study. The samples included pregnant women in Balikpapan city, who had entered the second trimester of pregnancy. Sampling was carried out using simple random sampling technique by using a random number generator program is research randomizer to determine the group. Total sample was 20 pregnant women. The results showed that: 1) There was a significant correlation between knowledge and self-efficacy (p = .001); 2) There was a significant correlation between intentions and self-efficacy (p = .017). This study concluded that self-efficacy of pregnant women was high, the majority of pregnant women were not in the age of risk, pregnant women with high and average level of parity had a high knowledge. There were pregnant women who had high knowledge but did not get antenatal care from healthcare professionals. Most pregnant women had intention to attend antenatal care at healthcare professionals, but there were still pregnant women who attended antenatal care less than the prescribed standards that is at least four times during pregnancy.
A Study on the Motivational Strategies in College English Flipped Classroom
Authors: Suo Jia , Hou Xiuying
Published: April 2017

Flipped classroom is a great reform that brings a huge impact on the classroom teaching. Its essence is autonomous leaning, whose effect is determined by students’ motivation. Therefore, to bring the advantages of the flipped classroom into full play, the top priority is to stimulate students’ motivation. The paper makes a study on the motivational strategies to be employed in the flipped classroom.
A Conceptual Model of Forces Driving the Introduction of a Sustainability Report in SMEs: Evidence from a Case Study
Authors: Caputo Fabio , Veltri Stefania , Venturelli Andrea
Published: April 2017

The paper aims to depict the forces responsible for an effective introduction of a sustainability report within SMEs. The paper’s aim is addressed employing the case study methodology. In detail an SME considered a best practice in introducing sustainability innovations has been selected and analyzed. The main outcome of the paper is to use the case study evidence to construct a conceptual model highlighting the forces that drive companies to introduce innovative sustainable management tools. The conceptual model emphasizes as driving forces the capability of the firm to engage with its stakeholders, together with some relevant managerial and organizational features. The adoption of sustainable management tools is the outcome of a strategic alignment of corporate and sustainable strategy, and of the organizational capability to carry on effectively social and environmental responsibility (SER) activities based on the firm’s SER critical dimensions.
Analyzing Cloud-based Startups: Evidence from a Case Study in Italy
Authors: Ferri Luca , Maffei Marco , Mangia Gianluigi , Tomo Andrea
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to analyze the reasons behind the adoption of cloud computing and its implementation process in startup firms as well as to verify the advantages and disadvantages deriving from the adoption of this tool and how it could increase entrepreneurial activities. We applied a research framework developed by previous scholars on cloud adoption within SMEs in an attempt to adapt it to startup firms. In particular, we conducted a case study in an Italian technological startup.Our results show that cloud technology supports and facilitates entrepreneurial activity, especially reducing several entry barriers for new entrepreneurs. This study contributes to the existing literature on cloud computing, and it has several managerial implications. First, it shows that setting up the organizational model on cloud computing allows entrepreneurs to reduce organizational efforts and ICT investments. Furthermore, this technology can reduce diversification costs by eliminating entry barriers, thus opening new markets and opportunities for entrepreneurs.
Adoption Intensity of Inorganic Fertilizers in Maize Production: Empirical Evidence from Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ketema Mengstu , Kebede Degefu
Published: April 2017

Evidences suggested that use levels of inorganic fertilizers are below the recommended rates in maize production. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the reasons behind the failure to adopt the recommended rates of these fertilizers on maize production. This study analyzed determinants of intensity of adoption using a survey data collected from 383 randomly selected maize producing households. For this purpose, a two-limit Tobit model was applied. The econometric result revealed that variation in districts, family size, membership to cooperatives, distance to FTC, and livestock holding significantly affected smallholders’ intensity of adoption of DAP in maize production. On the other side, variation in district, farming experience, farm size, membership to cooperatives, dependency ratio, and annual income significantly determined intensity of adoption of Urea. It is, therefore, necessary to give due emphasis to the indicated determinants in order to assist maize producing farmers by boosting maize productivity.