bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and Obesity as Independent Risk Factors for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: A Population Study
Authors: Neglia C. , Argentiero A. , Chitano G. , Agnello N. , Giolli L. , Di Tanna G. , Paladini D. , Amati A. , Marsico A. , Caiaffa V. , Conte P. , La Selva G. , Crafa S. , Colì G. , Ciccarese R. , Vigilanza A. , Distante C. , Argentiero D. , Pantile V. , Benvenuto M. , Di Renzo T. , Reale A. , Coppola R. , Distante A. , Colao A. , Di Somma C. , Migliore A. , Auriemma R. , Piscitelli P.
Published: January 2017

We aimed to analyze bone mineralization and the effect of different risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. We studied 2,756 postmenopausal subjects out of ≥10,000 records from the ROIS registry in the frame of the PROF Project, a population study carried out in Salento (Taranto, Brindisi, Lecce) from 2009 to 2012. All subjects were assessed by phalangeal Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) to evaluate their bone mineralization (assessed by Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound, AD-SoS) and the association between demineralization and the presence of other conditions or risk factors. Mean age was 64±9.5 years and mean BMI was 28.7±3.5 Kg/m2. Pearson correlation analyses revealed a negative association between bone mineralization (AD-SoS) and BMI (P<0.001). By using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we observed significant values of Odds Ratios of osteoporosis (adjusted for age, physical activity and the use of drugs known to increase the risk of fractures) in subjects with diabetes and obesity: 1.39 (CI: 1,05–1,83) and 1.46 (CI: 1.20–1.78), respectively. A statistically significant linear trend of higher Odds Ratios of osteoporosis was found for increasing values of BMI. The percent change in the odds of vertebral fractures per single SD decrease of AD-SoS was 47% (P<0.001). Diabetes and obesity in postmenopausal women are likely to represent independent risk factors for osteoporosis. Phalangeal QUS showed a good power of predictivity in identifying subjects with vertebral fractures.
Microarray Analysis of Antigen-Dependent B-Cell Activation Gene Expression in Bitches with Pyometra
Authors: Bukowska D. , Kempisty B. , Zawierucha P. , Ciesiółka S. , Piotrowska H. , Jopek K. , Antosik P. , Brüssow K.P. , Nowicki M. , Bruska M. , Zabel M. , Jaśkowski J.M.
Published: January 2017

Canine pyometra is defined as a complex disease associated with activation and proliferation of immune specific cells, B and T cells, as well as synthesis and activation of immune and pro-inflammatory molecules. Although all of these mechanisms are well recognized in several human immune diseases and cancers, the possible role or dysfunction of these molecules in dogs with pyometra still requires investigation. This study was aimed to examine antigen-dependent B-cell activation gene expression (CD4, CD28, CD40, CD80, Fas, HLA-DRB1 and IL10) in a total of 24 mixed-breed bitch uteri with pyometra and 20 healthy controls. Using canine RNA microarray assays (Affymetrix) altogether 17,138 different transcripts were analyzed. A significant increase was found of CD28, CD40, HLA-DRB1 (P<0.001), and CD4, CD80, Fas and IL10 (P<0.01) in the group of bitches with pyometra, as compared to controls. In the affected group an increased share of CD4, CD28, CD40, CD80, Fas, HLA-DRB1 and IL10, (13.6-, 2.8-, 2.9-, 5.6-, 3.3-, 4.4-, and 6.5-fold increase, respectively) was also detected. It is suggested that an increased expression of B cell-specific immune response molecules may be associated with recruitment of immunologically specific cells in bitches with pyometra as well as with activation of pro-inflammatory proteins as a consequence of exposure to foreign antigens due to bacterial infection.
Classic cases revisited – Oxygen in court and the problem of therapeutic illusion
Authors: Szawarski Piotr
Published: January 2017

Medical science attempts to inform clinical practice. Law is concerned with causality. Intersection of law and medicine at times highlights the shortcomings in the medical approach to causality. Evidence-based medicine is only as good as the process of gathering evidence and this is inherently imperfect as suggested by philosophers. There is a risk of attributing a causal relationship when there is none, which can result in a false belief about an intervention. False beliefs can become entrenched forming a dogma. An application of treatment and a subsequent observation of clinical improvement may create a therapeutic illusion of benefit. It is possible that oxygen is used in this way. We cannot safely infer based on harm associated with its deprivation that supplementation of oxygen is beneficial in all patients. Evidence of benefit of oxygen therapy versus harm is not overwhelmingly convincing. The case of oxygen serves to illustrate a potential for a wider problem in science and medicine where potentially harmful treatments are administered based on beliefs rather than evidence and on the extrapolations from population-wide observations and without considering particulars of each case. Current application of oxygen is possibly inappropriate and efforts should be made to reappraise its use.
Touch Accelerates Visual Awareness
Authors: Lunghi Claudia , Lo Verde Luca , Alais David
Published: January 2017

To efficiently interact with the external environment, our nervous system combines information arising from different sensory modalities. Recent evidence suggests that cross-modal interactions can be automatic and even unconscious, reflecting the ecological relevance of cross-modal processing. Here, we use continuous flash suppression (CFS) to directly investigate whether haptic signals can interact with visual signals outside of visual awareness. We measured suppression durations of visual gratings rendered invisible by CFS either during visual stimulation alone or during visuo-haptic stimulation. We found that active exploration of a haptic grating congruent in orientation with the suppressed visual grating reduced suppression durations both compared with visual-only stimulation and to incongruent visuo-haptic stimulation. We also found that the facilitatory effect of touch on visual suppression disappeared when the visual and haptic gratings were mismatched in either spatial frequency or orientation. Together, these results demonstrate that congruent touch can accelerate the rise to consciousness of a suppressed visual stimulus and that this unconscious cross-modal interaction depends on visuo-haptic congruency. Furthermore, since CFS suppression is thought to occur early in visual cortical processing, our data reinforce the evidence suggesting that visuo-haptic interactions can occur at the earliest stages of cortical processing.
Informal care givers' experiences with support in primary palliative care when a case manager is involved: A descriptive study in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Plas Annicka GM , Francke Anneke L , Deliens Luc , Jansen Wim JJ , Vissers Kris C , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Case managers have been introduced in primary palliative care in the Netherlands; these are nurses with expertise in palliative care who offer support to patients and informal care givers. The case manager provides support in addition to the care provided by the home care nurse and general practitioner, potentially leading to more complexities in care coordination. This study describes what informal care givers think about the number of professionals involved in primary palliative care and what support is and is not provided by the general practitioner, the community nurse and the case manager according to the informal care givers.

Methods

A questionnaire was filled in by the case manager upon referral, and the informal care giver ( n = 178) completed a questionnaire two months after the patient had died. Frequencies (the number of professionals) and cross tabs (for support) were calculated.

Results

The number of healthcare professionals involved was appropriate according to the vast majority (91%) of informal care givers. Support was provided by all three professionals, but a small proportion (14%) of informal care givers did not receive sufficient information on possibilities of care and support from any of the care providers.

Discussion

Reluctance to involve a case manager is unnecessary, as long as the role of each professional is explained to patients and informal care givers. At all times, support should be offered to the informal care givers as well as to the patient. Added value of the case manager is found in offering specific knowledge of palliative care.
Outcome and 2-Year Survival Rate in Elderly Patients With Lateral Compression Fractures of the Pelvis
Authors: Höch Andreas , Özkurtul Orkun , Pieroh Philipp , Josten Christoph , Böhme Jörg
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Osteoporotic pelvic ring fractures are a rising problem for surgeons in industrialized countries. There is no evidence-based treatment strategy especially for lateral compression (LC) fractures involving the sacrum. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare outcome and survival rate of nonoperative and operative treatment strategies for lateral compression fractures.

Patients and Methods:

In a retrospective study, 128 patients (aged ≥65 years) with an Orthopedic Trauma Association (OTA) types B2.1 and B3.3 fracture were included and analyzed regarding demographic and treatment data and adverse events. After a follow-up period of at least 2-year survival rate, quality of life and pain were evaluated using the EuroQol-5D and Short Form–12 questionnaires and the visual analog scale.

Results:

Fifty patients (78.3 ± 7.6 years) obtained operative treatment and 77 patients (82.7 ± 7.9 years) obtained nonoperative treatment. One died within 24 hours after admission. High rates of complications occurred in both groups (operative group: 18% and nonoperative group: 8%). Eighteen percent (14 of the 77) of conservatively treated patients needed operative treatment after discharge due to worsening pain and mobilization. The 2-year follow-up showed a high overall mortality (30%), with a significant higher survival rate for operatively treated patients (2-year survival: operatively treated 82% vs conservative 61%). No difference was found in pain and quality of life.

Discussion:

Elderly patients display a high rate and variety of complications and mortality in the aftermath of lateral compression fractures of the pelvis. Although a significantly higher 2-year survival rate for operatively treated patients was found, this study cannot give proof of superior position for operative treatment. Due to lacking data for alternative treatment algorithms especially for fracture-related immobilized patients, we recommended operative treatment with the aim to reduce complications related to prolonged bed rest and ensure early mobilization.
Validation of the Italian Versions of the Flourishing Scale and of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience
Authors: Giuntoli Laura , Ceccarini Francesco , Sica Claudio , Caudek Corrado
Published: January 2017

Researchers are divided between those who consider well-being as a single global construct and those who maintain the need to keep the hedonic and eudaimonic components of well-being separate. Diener et al. proposed two separate scales for measuring well-being: the Flourishing Scale (FS) for eudaimonic well-being and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) for hedonic well-being. The aim of this article is to validate the Italian versions of the FS and SPANE, and to provide support for the usefulness of distinct measures of well-being components. In Study 1, we examined an Italian undergraduate student sample ( n = 684), whereas in Study 2 we considered two samples of unemployed ( n = 282) and healthy control individuals ( n = 426). Through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, we demonstrated that the Italian FS and SPANE obtained strict measurement invariance across administration methods (paper-and-pencil and Internet) and strong measurement invariance across different groups (unemployed individuals seeking work and a healthy control group). In our data, we found a superior fit for a two-factor model over a one-factor model of well-being, which suggests the utility of separate measures of well-being components. Concurrent validity was verified with other well-being, depression, and anxiety measures. Furthermore, we showed that flourishing is more strongly related to the cognitive component of subjective well-being than hedonic affect. In summary, the Italian FS and SPANE are reliable and valid instruments, and may be beneficial in their applications in future Italian studies on well-being.
Relationship of Blood Pressure Self-Monitoring, Medication Adherence, Self-Efficacy, Stage of Change, and Blood Pressure Control among Municipal Workers with Hypertension
Authors: Breaux-Shropshire Tonya L. , Brown Kathleen C. , Pryor Erica R. , Maples Elizabeth H.
Published: January 2017

Uncontrolled blood pressure remains a major public health issue. Medication adherence is a key factor in blood pressure management; however, adherence behavior is not clearly understood and the most significant factors contributing to poor medication adherence and blood pressure control are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of self-monitoring of blood pressure, medication adherence, self-efficacy, stage of change, and blood pressure control among municipal workers with access to health insurance. Stage of change was a significant independent predictor of self-monitoring of blood pressure, but not blood pressure control. A strong relationship was found between medication adherence and medication adherence self-efficacy ( r = .549, p < .05).
Exploring the Cost-Effectiveness of Unit-Based Health Promotion Activities for Nurses
Authors: Palumbo Mary Val , Sikorski Evelyn A. , Liberty Barbara C.
Published: January 2017

The Stepping Stones to Wellness program, offered on one hospital unit by the organization's wellness team and nurse practitioner students, was evaluated for its return on investment (ROI), level of participation, and satisfaction among staff and students. Interventions included (1) biometric screening, (2) participation incentives, and (3) education delivered by staff and nurse practitioner students on the unit. Using the hours of unscheduled absence as a proxy for staff wellness, ROI was calculated using 75% of the difference between the mean hours of unscheduled absence during the intervention compared to the previous 3 years. Average hourly rate (including benefits) was multiplied by unscheduled absence ($11,409.17). The total cost of program delivery ($7,662.50) for 80 employees yielded an ROI of $3,746.67. Participation improved and satisfaction increased. Graduate nursing students and an employer wellness team can deliver a successful unit-based health promotion program and possibly affect absenteeism.
Crossover of Work–Family Experiences from Supervisors to Subordinates: A Position Paper
Authors: Sampath Pavithra , Baral Rupashree
Published: January 2017

Work–family experiences, such as work–family conflict and work–family enrichment, not only spill over from one role domain to another but also cross over from one role occupant (e.g., a partner in a dual-career couple or a supervisor in a work setting) to the other member in a dyad (e.g., the other partner in a dual-career couple or a subordinate in a work setting). Review of the literature suggests that studies using crossover models in work–family experiences, especially in work–family enrichment, are limited. Rarely studies have explored the processes through which the crossover takes place. Moreover, not many studies have considered supervisor–subordinate dyads as units of analysis in work–family literature. With this backdrop, the present article aims to put forth a few propositions to examine the crossover of work–family experiences from a supervisor to his/her subordinates. It posits that a supervisor’s work– family experiences may influence the perception of family supportive work-environment and the perceived control over work schedule, which in turn may influence his/her subordinate’s work–family experiences and the latter’s subsequent performance. This article also explores the moderating roles of empathy and leader–member exchange (LMX) quality in the crossover of work–family experiences from supervisors to subordinates. A conceptual framework is proposed for further empirical validation. Research and applied implications of the conceptual model are also discussed.
“The White Space”
Authors: Anderson Elijah
Published: January 2017

Since the end of the Civil Rights Movement, large numbers of black people have made their way into settings previously occupied only by whites, though their reception has been mixed. Overwhelmingly white neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, restaurants, and other public spaces remain. Blacks perceive such settings as “the white space,” which they often consider to be informally “off limits” for people like them. Meanwhile, despite the growth of an enormous black middle class, many whites assume that the natural black space is that destitute and fearsome locality so commonly featured in the public media, including popular books, music and videos, and the TV news—the iconic ghetto. White people typically avoid black space, but black people are required to navigate the white space as a condition of their existence.
Crimmigration
Authors: Garner Steve
Published: January 2017

This extended review of two 2013 publications, Guia, van der Woude, and van der Leun (eds.) Social Control and Justice: Crimmigration in the Age of Fear and Aas and Bosworth (eds.) The Borders of Punishment: Migration, Citizenship and Social Exclusion, critically engages with the potential for race scholarship in the paradigms utilized by the contributors. While acknowledging that these volumes represent an imaginative and significant recasting of criminology, raising as they do a number of useful theoretical issues, the author identifies a reluctance to frame any aspect of these studies in terms of racialization. While much of the substantive content might easily be examined using that concept, it is implicit rather than explicit in this scholarship. Sociologists interested in the racialization of immigration are urged to engage seriously with the work and ideas contained in these two volumes and to bring their insights to bear in complementing this emerging field.
Theorizing Ethnic and Racial Movements in the Global Age
Authors: Fleming Crystal M. , Morris Aldon
Published: January 2017

In this essay, we reflect on the history and legacies of the U.S. Civil Rights Movement and suggest avenues of future research of interest to scholars of ethnic and racial movements. First, we unpack how the Civil Rights Movement developed as a major movement utilizing both international and domestic influences. Second, we consider the central role of technology—including television and Internet communication technologies (ICTs)—in shaping contemporary ethnic and racial activism. In so doing, we aim to enhance scholarship on movements and efforts by those committed to challenging racial and ethnic disparities. Finally, we explore how the collective memories of past racial and ethnic struggles, including the Civil Rights Movement, are constructed. We argue that activists and their opposition have stakes in how past ethnoracial oppression and movements alike will be remembered and interpreted. Such memories and interpretations can serve as the basis for additional demands that activists make on power holders and influence actions of the powerful to resist such demands.
Treatment of B-cell disorder improves renal outcome of patients with monoclonal gammopathy–associated C3 glomerulopathy
Authors: Chauvet Sophie , Frémeaux-Bacchi Véronique , Petitprez Florent , Karras Alexandre , Daniel Laurent , Burtey Stéphane , Choukroun Gabriel , Delmas Yahsou , Guerrot Dominique , François Arnaud , Le Quintrec Moglie , Javaugue Vincent , Ribes David , Vrigneaud Laurence , Arnulf Bertrand , Goujon Jean Michel , Ronco Pierre , Touchard Guy , Bridoux Frank
Published: January 2017

Key Points

Monoclonal gammopathy is associated with C3 glomerulopathy. Specific treatment of the underlying B-cell clone improves renal survival.
Satisfaction with current martial arts’ uniforms and purchase intention of new uniforms
Authors: Perry Anna , Lee Juyoung
Published: January 2017

The purpose of the present study is to investigate martial arts practitioners’ satisfaction with their current uniforms and purchase intention of new uniforms. A total of 588 martial arts practitioners were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk, including 401 men and 187 women. The results indicated that martial art practitioners were satisfied with their current uniforms when three functional attributes were good: quality, fit, and comfort. The aesthetic variable, fashion, only moderately influenced satisfaction with the current uniforms. However, when purchasing new uniforms, both functional and aesthetic attributes were essential factors. In addition, benefits of martial arts and protection from injury were two necessary conditions for commitment to martial arts. However, neither commitment to martial arts or satisfaction with the current uniform contributed to purchase intention of new uniforms. The purchase intention was only related to the characteristics of the new uniforms: whether the new uniforms can enhance practitioners’ functional performance and aesthetic appearance. The present study, for the first time, revealed marital arts practitioners’ strong desire of protection: protection strongly contributed to expected performance, expected appearance, and commitment to martial arts.
Diet quality determines lipase gene expression and lipase/esterase activity in Daphnia pulex
Authors: Koussoroplis Apostolos-Manuel , Schwarzenberger Anke , Wacker Alexander
Published: January 2017

We studied the short- (12 hours) and long-term (144h) response of Daphnia pulex lipases to quality shifts in diets consisting of different mixtures of the green alga Scenedesmus with the cyanobacterium Synechococcus, two species with contrasting lipid compositions. The lipase/esterase activity in both the gut and the body tissues responded fast to the diet shift and increased with higher dietary contributions of Synechococcus. When screening the Daphnia genome for TAG lipases, we discovered a large gene-family expansion of these enzymes. We used a subset of eight genes for mRNA expression analyses and distinguished between influences of time and diet on the observed gene expression patterns. We identified five diet-responsive lipases of which three showed a sophisticated short- and long-term pattern of expression in response to small changes in food-quality. Furthermore, the gene expression of one of the lipases was strongly correlated to lipase/esterase activity in the gut suggesting its potentially major role in digestion. These findings demonstrate that the lipid-related enzymatic machinery of D. pulex is finely tuned to diet and might constitute an important mechanism of physiological adaptation in nutritionally complex environments.
Does a Unique Neuropsychiatric Profile Currently Exist for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy?
Authors: Hanlon Faith M. , McGrew Christopher A. , Mayer Andrew R.
Published: January 2017

There is evidence that repetitive mild traumatic brain injury leads to specific patterns of neuropathological findings, labeled chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). However, questions remain about whether these neuropathological changes produce changes in behavior, cognition, and emotional status that are associated with a unique neuropsychiatric profile that can be assessed using currently available clinical tools. Our review of the literature indicates that insufficient evidence currently exists to suggest a distinct neuropsychiatric profile for CTE. Major limitations to the field presently include the relatively nascent nature of the topic, reliance on retrospective next-of-kin reporting, the lack of prospective studies, and similarities in neuropsychiatric symptoms between CTE, other neurodegenerative disorders and forms of psychopathology. Clinicians and researchers alike have a responsibility to adopt a cautious and balanced approach for antemortem assessments to minimize the potential unintended negative consequences of both overdiagnosing and underdiagnosing a clinical entity that has yet to be clearly established.
Experimental Analysis of Transvenous Ultrasonography in Localizing and Grading Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Mousa Albeir , Bernheim Joshua , Dayal Rajeev , Deitch Jonathan , Henderson Peter , Hollenbeck Scott , DeRubertis Brian , Mahanor Elizabeth A. , Kent K. Craig , Faries Peter L.
Published: January 2017

This study evaluated the potential for transvenous ultrasonography to assess renal artery stenosis (RAS), the most common correctable cause of hypertension in the United States. We developed a porcine model for studying RAS using TVUS. An endovascular ultrasound probe was placed into the inferior vena cava and renal veins to image renal arteries in which stenoses had been surgically created in varied locations and to varied degrees. TVUS was then used to identify and assess these stenotic lesions. The accuracy of TVUS for determining the degree and location of the stenoses was then determined using contrast arteriography as the standard. When compared with arteriography, TVUS identified and properly located all six lesions and correctly quantified the degree of stenosis in five of the six lesions. TVUS is an effective means of assessing the presence, degree, and location of stenotic lesions of the renal arteries in this animal model. Study of this method in humans may be warranted.
Networking Cooperation of Educational Institutions of Higher, General and Vocational Education in the Terms of Implementation of Extracurricular Activities in Application of the Federal State Educational Standard
Authors: �������  , Ivanova Irina
Published: January 2017

The study is relevant in the context of global projects supported by the government and initiated by the President of the Russian Federation: the federal

state educational standards, the complex project of modernization of education, national educational initiative �Our new school�, �Concept of the

spiritual and moral development and education of a citizen of Russia.� In the context of extracurricular activities in the design development of the FSES

becoming especially popular networking projects that brings together institutions of diff erent levels (schools, supplementary education for children, psychological

urban centers, higher education institutions). The interaction of educational institutions is becoming a modern highly innovative technology

that allows them to develop dynamically.

The article describes a model of network interaction of educational-governmental organizations of the city of Kaluga in the framework of the extracurricular

activity of younger schoolboys in the terms of realization of the FSES of primary education.

Model networking educational institutions of the city of Kaluga in the framework of the extracurricular activity of younger schoolboys in the development

of the FSES of primary education has been successfully tested on the basis of four elementary schools in the city of Kaluga, the study involved 177 students

and 7 primary school teachers. Social partners of educational networking were: Children and Youth Space Education Center �Galaxy� of the city of Kaluga

and Kaluga State University named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky. The basis of networking cooperation were programs of extracurricular activities of I.V. Ivanova.

The main results of testing of the model is the development of individual students in the development of programs that increase the level of professional

competence of primary school teachers in the organization of extracurricular activities of the FSES of the primary general education.

The study contributes to a system of total innovative design, Further and Higher Education; It shows the possibility of the contents and forms of social and

pedagogical partnership in the system of education in the introduction of the FSES of primary education. The practical signifi cance of the study consists

in the possibility of using the developed model in educational practice. The study will allow to make science-based contribution to the practical implementation

of the regional. Prospects for the development of research consist in the development of new models of a network of educational cooperation,

attraction of new bases for cooperation.

This publication was prepared within the framework of a research project supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities �14-16-40007.
Pedagogical Professionalism of the Modern Higher School Teacher
Authors: �������  , Kolyman Elena , ���������  , Muzychenko Evgeniya
Published: January 2017

The article presents the different approaches to the definition of teacher professionalism. The article analyzes the publication activity on the subject of pedagogical professionalism of teachers in higher education. There is a discussion of the problem of understanding and definition of pedagogical professionalism of a high school teacher. The article also describes the typical problems of a modern high school teacher. Analyzes the requirements of the professional standard "Teacher of vocational training, vocational education and secondary vocational education" to the modern high school teachers. The article presents the classification of professional competences, which should have a higher school teacher, and considered ways to solve the problems identified.
Monitoring of Language Training in a Technical University As a Condition of Effectiveness of Educational Process
Authors: �������  , Markova Nataliia
Published: January 2017

The article considers construction characteristics of monitoring language training model in a technical university. Stages of pedagogical monitoring by

the example of educational process at Foreign Languages Department at Tomsk Polytechnic University are summarized and presented in the article. Analyzing

the specifi cation of a fi nal exam test for a Foreign Language course, the author notes compliance with the standards as a whole, but also reveals

the technological shortcomings of the monitoring process at the Department. The article develops strategic measures and provides recommendations

for the monitoring of educational achievements in language training in the framework of fi nal exams. The paper gives an example of a codifi er of a Foreign

Language discipline. In our opinion, it will help align the objectives of the language learning with the objectives of the fi nal exam test. The author

describes the successful conditions and eff ective principles of monitoring language training in a technical university.
Complex Assessment of Underground Water Sources’ Quality in Khabarovsk City Territory
Authors: Андреев  , Andreev A. , Кондратьева  , Kondrateva L.
Published: January 2017

In case of water bodies’ surface contamination the water supply systems based on underground sources could supply of

fresh water to the urban population with maximum guaranteed safety. In emergency the entire resource of underground

water sources is used, including shallow water intakes and individual wells. The results of the complex research for the

quality of fresh water taken from wells located in Khabarovsk city districts with different anthropogenic charge levels are

considered in this paper. For the first time the fresh water quality monitoring aimed to potential risks estimation was held

using the indicators of radon’s volumetric activity. The assessment for a seasonal variation of the fresh water quality by the

microbiological indicators and the heavy metals ions quantity has been presented.
Cheating in the Lab Predicts Fraud in the Field: An Experiment in Public Transportation
Authors: Dai Zhixin , Galeotti Fabio , Villeval Marie Claire
Published: January 2017

We conduct an artefactual field experiment using a diversified sample of passengers of public transportation to study attitudes toward dishonesty. We find that the diversity of behavior in terms of (dis)honesty in laboratory tasks and in the field correlate. Moreover, individuals who have just been fined in the field behave more honestly in the lab than the other fare dodgers, except when context is introduced. Overall, we show that simple tests of dishonesty in the lab can predict moral firmness in life, although fraudsters who care about social image cheat less when behavior can be verified ex post by the experimenter.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2616 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Situating a public funding experiment within the landscape of political ideas about the non-profit sector
Authors: Levasseur Karine , Frankel Sid
Published: January 2017

This article examines a recent funding experiment in one sub-national jurisdiction in Canada. Implemented as a two-year pilot project, this experiment included multi-year funding to non-profit organisations, a single window application portal and rationalisation of reporting requirements when multiple departmental funders are present. To understand the experiment, we situate it in the context of seminal political ideas about the non-profit sector. We assess whether it is a movement away from new public management (NPM) or an adoption of the marketisation of public services and use of the non-profit sector as an instrument to reverse civic decline of third-way politics or if it represents increased collaborative governance practices. We argue that while this represents a meaningful departure from NPM, it is only a partial reflection of third-way and collaborative governance as well as a pragmatic response to situational factors.
How do young people ‘do’ family where there is a diagnosis of dementia?
Authors: Hall Mel , Sikes Pat
Published: January 2017

This article presents data arising from a project that explored 22 children and young people’s experiences of having a parent with dementia. A key theme from the interviews highlighted the implications dementia has for the relationship between children and their parents – specifically, how individuals ‘do’ and display family when their parent’s personality and capacity to function as previously has been undermined. The data illustrate how these young people experience disruptions to existing family practices, and how they perpetuate a relationship with their parent in the face of dementia. It also indicates that these changes in practices – the disruption and acquired significance – contribute to children’s reconceptualisation of their relationship with their parent. This article seeks to add to the literature on family practices (Morgan, 2011) and display (Finch, 2007) by using the experience of dementia to illustrate the importance of family practices when a family experiences ‘crisis’.
The Longer, the Better? An Empirical Study of the Extent and Mechanisms of Attenuating Biomarker Associations in Cardiovascular Patient Cohorts
Authors: Breitling Lutz P , Mons Ute , Hahmann Harry , Koenig Wolfgang , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Brenner Hermann
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Identifying novel risk markers in cardiovascular patients remains a research priority. Longer follow-up generally is considered favorable in such studies, but associations of interest may become attenuated with increasing follow-up. This issue has not been adequately addressed in the context of patient cohorts. The current study analyzed the extent and mechanisms of attenuating associations in a cardiovascular patient cohort.

METHODS

The associations of numerous biomarkers with all-cause mortality were estimated by multiple Cox regression in the Langzeiterfolge der KARdiOLogischen Anschlussheilbehandlung (KAROLA) prospective cohort study of 1204 patients who had participated in an inpatient rehabilitation program after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or coronary bypass operation. Hazard ratios were estimated based on the entire follow-up period (13 years), and after truncation at previous follow-up times (3, 4.5, 6, 8, 10 years).

RESULTS

For the majority of markers, a clear and sometimes very pronounced attenuation of the hazard ratios could be observed with increasing follow-up duration. Differential attrition generally was not a sufficient explanation for this phenomenon, whereas further analyses suggested a role for reverse causality for some of the markers. Power analyses showed that the relationship of follow-up duration and statistical power can be counterintuitive in the presence of realistic amounts of attenuation.

CONCLUSIONS

The attenuation of estimates of association in patient cohorts is a much more substantial and complex issue than currently appreciated. This has important implications for the design and interpretation of prognostic, as well as etiologic, studies which may be particularly relevant in the case of patient cohorts defined by an initial acute event.
Hubungan antara Kadar Albumin dan Kalsium Serum pada Sindrom Nefrotik Anak
Authors: Garniasih Dina , Djais Julistio T. B. , Garna Herry
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Salah satu komplikasi sindrom nefrotik (SN) adalah gangguan metabolisme mineral, yaitu hipokalsemia, yang dapat menyebabkan tetani, gangguan pembentukkan tulang, dan penyakit tulang metabolik. Penyakit SN merupakan kelainan glomerulus yang ditandai dengan proteinuria, hipoalbuminemia, dan edema. Pada proteinuria, protein-binding berukuran sedang ikut terbuang. Setengah jumlah kalsium total serum berikatan dengan protein (terutama albumin), akibatnya hipoalbuminemia yang terjadi pada anak SN dapat menyebabkan hipokalsemia.Tujuan. Penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar albumin dan kalsium serum pada anak SN.Metode. Penelitian dengan rancangan cross-sectional terhadap 43 anak SN yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan diambil secara consecutive admission yang berobat/dirawat di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RS dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung mulai bulan Juli sampai September 2007 kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar albumin dan kalsium serum. Untuk melihat keeratan hubungan antara kadar albumin dan kalsium serum dilakukan analisis dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson, serta untuk melihat bentuk hubungannya dilakukan analisis regresi linier.Hasil. Subjek terdiri dari 33 (77%) anak laki-laki dan 10 (23%) anak perempuan, berusia rata-rata 6,80 (SB 3,39) tahun. Diperoleh hasil rata-rata kadar albumin serum 1,50 (SB 0,377) g/dL, dan kalsium serum 7,27 (SB 0,772) mg/dL. Hasil analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan korelasi (r=0,547) yang sangat bermakna (p=0,000) antara kadar albumin dan kalsium serum. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan hubungan linier yang positif antara kadar albumin (x) dan kalsium serum (y), dengan persamaan Ý = 5,59 + 1,12 x.Kesimpulan. Semakin menurun kadar albumin serum pada anak yang menderita sindrom nefrotik, semakin menurun kadar kalsium serum.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Terhadap Sikap Ibu Mengenai Imunisasi Ulangan Difteria-Tetanus
Authors: Purnama Yenny , Fadlyana Eddy , Sekarwana Nanan
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Peran serta dan penerimaan ibu mengenai imunisasi ulangan difteria-tetanus diperlukan untuk menunjang upaya pencegahan penyakit tersebut.Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan terhadap sikap ibu murid SD kelas I mengenai imunisasi ulangan difteria-tetanus.Metode. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu murid SD kelas I di Kotamadya Bandung, menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Rancangan penelitian kuantitatif berupa survei cross-sectional dimulai bulan November sampai Desember 2007. Sampel diambil secara cluster random sampling. Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh pengetahuan ibu murid SD kelas 1 terhadap sikap imunisasi ulangan difteria-tetanus dengan menggunakan analisis jalur. Pengetahuan adalah informasi yang dimiliki oleh ibu mengenai penyebab, gejala, pengobatan, penularan, dan pencegahan tentang penyakit difteria-tetanus. Sikap adalah respons ibu terhadap penyakit difteria-tetanus mengenai penyebab, gejala, pengobatan, penularan, dan pencegahannya. Rancangan penelitian kualitatif berupa focus group discussion dengan analisis deskriptif, untuk menilai pengetahuan dan sikap ibu mengenai imunisasi ulangan difteria-tetanus yang tidak tergali dengan penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel diambil sebanyak 5-10 orang dari ibu yang telah ikut dalam penelitian kuantitatif.Hasil. Didapatkan 226 ibu dengan rata-rata usia 35 tahun. Hasil analisis jalur, didapatkan pengetahuan secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan ibu dan jumlah anak. Sikap signifikan dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan ibu dan pengetahuan (95%CI: -t<+1,96>t). Hasil analisis jalur didapatkan pengaruh total pendidikan ibu dan pengetahuan terhadap sikap adalah cukup. Pengaruh total pendidikan ibu dan jumlah anak terhadap pengetahuan adalah kurang. Analisis focus group discussion tergambarkan bahwa ibu yang mempunyai pengetahuan tinggi lebih bersikap mandiri terhadap pelaksanaan imunisasi ulangan difteria-tetanus.Kesimpulan. Pengetahuan ibu berpengaruh positif terhadap sikap ibu mengenai imunisasi ulangan difteria-tetanus
Pengaruh Pijat Bayi Menggunakan Minyak Mineral atau Minyak Kelapa terhadap Kenaikan Berat Badan pada Nenonatus Aterm
Authors: Ferius S , Efar Pustika , Mansur Shirley , Gunardi Hartono
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Pijat bayi dengan atau tanpa minyak telah menjadi bagian dari budaya masyarakat di sebagian besar belahan dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Namun, manfaat pijat secara tersendiri dan manfaat penggunaan minyak pijat terhadap optimalisasi pertumbuhan neonatus masih menjadi perdebatan.Tujuan. Menilai pengaruh pijat bayi dan penggunaan minyak pijat yang berbeda, yaitu minyak mineral atau minyak kelapa, terhadap kecepatan kenaikan berat badan neonatus aterm.Metode. Studi eksperimental tidak tersamar dilakukan di sebuah Rumah Sakit Bersalin di Jakarta selama 2 bulan dimulai Juli 2006. Neonatus aterm dengan berat lahir 2500-4000 g dialokasikan dalam 1 kelompok pembanding dan 3 kelompok perlakuan pijat. Pemantauan berat badan dilakukan pada hari ketujuh pemijatan.Hasil. Dibandingkan kelompok pembanding, rerata kecepatan kenaikan berat badan lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada setiap kelompok perlakuan pijat kecuali kelompok pijat tanpa minyak. Rerata kecepatan kenaikan berat badan kelompok yang dipijat dengan minyak lebih tinggi dibandingkan rerata kecepatan kenaikan berat badan kelompok yang dipijat tanpa minyak (p<0,05). Kecepatan kenaikan berat badan kelompok yang dipijat dengan minyak kelapa tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan rerata kecepatan kenaikan berat badan kelompok yang dipijat dengan minyak mineral.Kesimpulan. Pijat secara tersendiri tidak mempengaruhi kecepatan kenaikan berat badan neonatus. Penggunaan minyak dalam pemijatan memiliki efek positif terhadap kenaikan berat badan. Minyak kelapa memiliki potensi meningkatkan berat badan sama baik dibanding minyak mineral.
Kejadian dan Tata Laksana Mukositis pada Pasien Keganasan di RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta
Authors: Mulatsih Sri , Astuti Sri , Purwantika Yuliani , Christine Julie
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Salah satu penyakit keganasan yang banyak diderita pada anak adalah leukemia, mencapai30%-40% dari seluruh penyakit keganasan. Kemoterapi yang diberikan pada pasien leukemia dapat merusaksel-sel yang mempunyai aktivitas proliferasi berlebih, seperti sumsum tulang dan sel epitel mukosa mulutsehingga menyebabkan depresi sumsum tulang dan mukositis. Prevalensi mukositis yang terjadi pada pasienkeganasan sekitar 30% - 39%.Tujuan. Mengetahui apakah pengobatan mukositis yang telah diberikan di INSKA RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakartacukup efektif serta untuk memberikan rekomendasi tata laksana mukositis berdasarkan bukti ilmiah.Metode. Data mukositis diambil secara cross-sectional dengan observasi pada pasien keganasan yang mendapatkemoterapi di INSKA RSUP dr. Sardjito dan sudah mendapatkan perawatan nistatin drop dan triamsinolonorabase. Observasi dilakukan selama enam hari sejak tanggal 14 sampai dengan 20 juni 2007.Hasil. Dari 33 pasien keganasan yang diamati dijumpai 10 anak (30,3%) menderita mukositis dan 4 anak(12,12%) menderita kandidiasis.Kesimpulan. Perawatan mukositis dengan pemberian Candistin drop dan kenalog oral base pada pasienkeganasan di INSKA RS dr. Sardjito belum dapat disimpulkan efektivitasnya karena waktu pengamatanyang singkat. Penelitian akan dilanjutkan dengan pengamatan secara longitudinal dan dilakukan perawatanmukositis sesuai protokol perawatan gigi dan mulut sebelum, selama dan sesudah kemoterapi.
Kadar Seng Plasma Pasien Tuberkulosis Anak: Studi Pendahuluan
Authors: Soegiarto Bertha , Boediman I , Munasir Zakiudin
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Tuberkulosis (TB) menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia, oleh karena dengan meningkatnya pasien TB dewasa, terjadi juga peningkatan anak yang terinfeksi dan sakit TB. defisiensi mikronutrien tertentu termasuk seng sangat mempengaruhi sistem imunitas pejamu, padahal imunitas selular sangat berpengaruh terhadap perjalanan penyakit TB. Penelitian tentang status mikronutrien pada pasien TB anak masih sangat terbatas.Tujuan. Menentukan kadar seng plasma pasien TB anak, kadar seng plasma pasien TB anak pada berbagai tahap pengobatan OAT dan kadar seng plasma pasien TB anak baru dengan indurasi uji Mantoux yang berbeda.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilaksanakan di unit rawat jalan dan rawat inap Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FKUI-RSCM dalam kurun waktu April – Mei 2008. Dari 84 pasien TB anak, 30 di antaranya diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Tiga mililiter darah vena diambil dari pasien dan dikirim ke Laboratorium SEAMEO-TROPMED Universitas Indonesia untuk dilakukan analisis kadar seng plasma.Hasil. Dua puluh lima dari tiga puluh pasien TB anak memiliki kadar seng plasma di bawah nilai normal, dengan rerata (9,0 ± 1,8) μmol/L. Sebelum terapi OAT dimulai, kadar seng plasma lebih rendah daripada setelah mendapatkan terapi OAT. Pasien dengan uji Mantoux negatif memiliki kadar seng plasma lebih rendah daripada pasien dengan uji Mantoux positif.Kesimpulan. Pasien TB anak memiliki kadar seng plasma di bawah nilai normal. Kadar seng plasma pasien TB baru lebih rendah daripada pasien TB yang sudah mendapatkan terapi OAT. Pasien dengan uji Mantoux negatif memiliki kadar seng plasma lebih rendah daripada pasien dengan uji Mantoux positif.
Efikasi Kinin-Doksisiklin pada Pengobatan Malaria Falsiparum Tanpa Komplikasi
Authors: Lubis Fitri Arianty , Pasaribu Syahril , Lubis Chairuddin P.
Published: January 2017

Pengobatan malaria masih merupakan masalah yang sering dihadapi karena terjadinya resistensi terhadap beberapa obat anti malaria. Kombinasi dua macam obat saat ini yang sering dipergunakan, terutama pada daerah hiperendemis, untuk meningkatkan efikasi dari obat tersebut. Kombinasi kinin-doksisiklin adalah salah satu kombinasi obat anti malaria yang dapat diberikan sebagai terapi alternatif untuk pengobatan malaria falsiparum tanpa komplikasi. Pada beberapa penelitian ditunjukkan bahwa kombinasi kedua obat ini mempunyai efikasi yang baik.