bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A critique of the seizure criteria of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
Authors: Jimoh Mujib Akanni
Published: January 2023

Seizure of communication is an important stage in litigating before the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. At this stage a complainant is required to disclose a prima facie case, in the absence of which the communication will be refused. The seizure criteria are contained in the African Commission's Rules of Procedure. However, the procedural rules are as important as the substantive rules. Where there are burdensome procedural rules in human rights litigation, it becomes more difficult to gain access to justice. The African Commission's Rules of Procedure 2020 guide the communication proceedings of the Commission. The 2020 Rules have introduced some salient provisions that hitherto were not contained in the Rules. Under the 2020 Rules the Secretary can seize a communication during inter-session on behalf of the African Commission. Efforts have also been made to fully separate admissibility criteria from seizure criteria by deleting the admissibility criteria contained under the seizure criteria in the previous Rules. Consequently, it no longer is a requirement for a communication to pass a preliminary test of the admissibility criteria at the seizure stage. Notwithstanding these changes, the African Commission still applied the jurisprudence of the previous Rules in African Freedom of Expression Exchange & 15 Others (represented by FOI Attorneys) v Algeria & 27 Others (FOI), where the Commission also set a higher prima facie standard. This article critiques the Commission's seizure criteria and procedure. It argues that the 2020 Rules have introduced novel provisions that would necessitate the Africn Commission to change its seizure jurisprudence. It recommends that the Commission should adopt the 'might' test at the seizure stage rather than the wide prima facie standard it adopted in FOI. In this way the African Commission would have the opportunity to receive more compelling evidence of violation of the African Charter at the merit stage, rather than shutting out communications at a stage where compelling proof is not required.
COVID-19 diseases, understanding and treatments
Authors: Youngah Choi , Hyun-Ju Jin , Eun-Hyang Song , Bu-Yeon Kim , Shin-Ae Park
Published: January 2023

Seobuk Hospital is a hospital directly operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Government and has mainly served as a tuberculosis hospital. It is a Seoul city governmental public hospital which primarily provides inpatients and out patients treatment to the elderly, many of them suffering from dementia patients and the marginalized, such as the homeless and the disabled. From March 2nd, 2020, to May 31th, 2022 Seobuk hospital was appointed to treat COVID-19 patients that required stationary treatment. South Korea’s COVID-19 mortality rate has below 0.1% while in other countries such as the United States and in Europe the mortality rate varies between 1 and 2 %. We believe that it is due to the quarantine system which was put in place right from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Febuary 2020. Patients testing positive for COVID-19 were hospitalized free of charge and they were hospitalized usually in early period (2 - 3 days after COVID -19 testing) of COVID-19 disease. In this paper we analyzed the disease patterns of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 using the data from the 4,531 patients charts which received treatment in Seobuk hospital between March 2nd, 2020 and May 31st, 2022 by looking at their clinical features and medication history and medications for treatment. The key element of the guideline of our treatment was to administer Veklury (Remdesivir) or Paxlovid despite its high cost in the early period of the COVID-19 disease when oxygen saturation dropped below 94%. Nowadays we administer Veklury and Paxlovid right after COVID-19 is daignosed free of charge for the proper patient. It is believed that the current quarantine system in South Korea which allows patients to be treated with Veklury (Remdesivir) in hospitals at the initial stage of the infection and with an early Paxlovid administration in home treatment has contributed to lowering the death rate in South Korea.
From Belarus to Black Lives Matter: Rethinking protests in Belarus through a transnational feminist perspective
Authors: Shchurko Tatsiana
Published: January 2023

This article examines the lack of solidarity between the Black Lives Matter protests in the U.S. and the anti-authoritarian uprising in Belarus in 2020. Specifically, I explore how distant geographies and feminist communities can relate to each other and thus challenge the rise of right-wing conservatism, white supremacy, and neoliberal authoritarianism. This article relies on auto-ethnography and the exploration of public media, political essays, and scholarly contributions discussing the meanings of the BLM and Belarusian protests. Through critical self-reflection and by deploying the concepts of ‘exile’ and ‘transnational feminist solidarity,’ this article suggests a possibility for alternative transnational feminist connections attentive to the complexities of global power relations and uneven east/west interconnections. Rethinking the current possibilities for solidarities may lead to seeing how the uprising in Belarus and the BLM protests have points of connection on the grounds of state-sanctioned violence, neoliberal enclosures, suppression of political dissent, and their racialized/colonial roots. However, forging transnational solidarities also requires a certain work of reflection on how political protests may uphold global racial/colonial logic and overshadow racial violence. Therefore, in this article, I foreground how post-Soviet vulnerability may help disrupt the status quo or the privilege of whiteness instead of reinforcing it.
Gossip is distinct from other topics in spontaneous conversation
Authors: Pápay Boróka Tímea , Kubik Bálint György , Galántai Júlia , Takács Károly
Published: January 2023

Gossip – talking about relevant others in their absence – is believed to constitute a large part of informal communication. The perception of the prevalence of gossip implies that it can be unambiguously identified and distinguished from other topics in spontaneous conversation. Its distinctiveness may be justified by multiple theoretical perspectives, including one that describes in-group gossip as an informal device for enforcing norms and punishing norm violators, and another that claims that gossip is used to release frustration and communicate envy. If the ultimate reason for gossip is to facilitate social bonding between the sender and the receiver, however, this would not differentiate gossip from other conversational topics that provide social enjoyment, such as entertainment and food. In a novel contribution, we explore the topics included in a corpus containing 550 hours of unfiltered spontaneous conversation and identify using LDA topic modeling whether some topics are unambiguously prominent in in-group gossip. The explorative approach is integrated with the manual annotation of instances of gossip across the entire corpus. We identified coherent topics of in-group gossip that are clearly different from those of small talk and storytelling. Our analysis finds that feelings, intentions, and opinions are frequently expressed in in-group gossip, more than habits, manners, and behavior. In-group gossip topics are characterized by more words associated with anger, in line with theoretical perspectives that attribute the motives of norm enhancement and punishment or frustration and envy to gossip.
límites de la protección a la salud de los trabajadores en Colombia, 1915-1946
Authors: Gallo Óscar
Published: January 2023

En este artículo se analiza el proceso histórico de conceptualización del derecho a estar enfermo en el trabajo. Específicamente, se abordan el proceso de configuración y legitimación del conocimiento sobre las enfermedades profesionales en Colombia, las dificultades para trazar los límites del ámbito de la enfermedad profesional y los argumentos a favor de la exclusión de las enfermedades tropicales y sociales. Al final, se concluye que el paradigma de protección social difundido en los años cuarenta del siglo pasado estuvo dirigido a los obreros de los sectores industrial y mineroenergético, mientras que sistemáticamente excluyó a los trabajadores del sector rural.º
Paula Bruno, Alexandra Pita y Marina Alvarado. Embajadoras culturales. Mujeres latinoamericanas y vida diplomática, 1860-1960. Rosario: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2021
Authors: Mosso Agustina
Published: January 2023

Las embajadoras culturales de Paula Bruno, Alexandra Pita y Marina Alvarado son aquellas mujeres cuya vida diplomática se constituye en eje estructurador para el estudio de sus desempeños dentro del espacio público a lo largo del decenio que comprende las cuatro últimas décadas del siglo XIX y las seis primeras del XX. Pensarlas dentro del largo plazo, posibilita a las autoras observar sus trayectorias de cerca y enumerarlas entre sus diferentes perfiles. De esta manera, la vida diplomática cruza las experiencias de las mujeres del presente libro y se acompaña del análisis de la bibliografía académica dedicada a ellas.
VACCINE FORMULATION: ADSORPTION OF Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 PEPTIDE 1585 ON ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE
Authors: TRUJILLO Mary , SALAZAR Luz M. , VALENCIA Jesús
Published: January 2023

The Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 has been studied due to its potential to become a vaccine; likewise, the peptide 1585 which is located in the 42-kDa amino-terminal fragment induces protective immunity in primates. Despite the importance of antigen adsorption in the formulation and production of vaccines containing aluminium adjuvant, the protein fragment adsorption on aluminium hydroxide has not been thoroughly studied. Electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interaction and ligand exchange have been identified as the major mechanisms involved in antigen retention on the adsorbent surface. Peptide 1585 was synthesized, and its solubility, adsorption on aluminium hydroxide, as well as its molecule release have been studied here. Results allowed us to raise a model for the adsorption and release of this peptide, which are important parameters to establish optimal conditions for peptideadsorbent interaction and, therefore, their response as a vaccine. Results also established the reversibility of such process due to the phosphate ion effect.

Thus, this work provides a starting point for research works, leading to further development of vaccine formulations containing highly purified synthetic antigens adsorbed on aluminium adjuvant.
THERMODYNAMICS OF THE MIXING PROCESS OF SEVERAL SODIUM SULFONAMIDES IN ETHANOL + WATER COSOLVENT MIXTURES
Authors: DELGADO Daniel R. , VARGAS Edgar F. , MARTÍNEZ Fleming
Published: January 2023

Sodium sulfonamides have been extensively used for the treatment of certain infections caused by several types of microorganisms. Although sulfonamides are still widely used in therapeutics, the physicochemical information about their aqueous solutions has not been completed. In this context, the thermodynamic functions of mixing three structurally related sodium sulfonamides were evaluated: Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy. The quantities of mixing were calculated based on the fusion calorimetric values obtained from differential scanning calorimetry measurements and equilibrium solubility values reported in the literature for all the drugs with ethanol + water mixtures. By means of an enthalpy-entropy compensation analysis, non-linear ΔH0mix vs. ΔG0mix plots with negative slopes from neat ethanol to a 0.60 ethanol mass fraction, and positive slopes from the latter composition to neat water were obtained. From these results, it was concluded that the dissolution process of these drugs in ethanol-rich mixtures was entropy-driven; whereas, in water-rich mixtures the process was enthalpy-driven. Nevertheless, the molecular and ionic events involved in the dissolution of these drugs in this cosolvent system remain unclear.
VOLATILE COMPOUNDS DURING THE RIPENING OF COLOMBIAN SOURSOP (Annona muricata L. cv. Elita)
Authors: MÁRQUEZ C. Carlos J. , JIMÉNEZ Aleyda M. , OSORIO Coralia , CARTAGENA V. José R.
Published: January 2023

Fruits of soursop (Annona muricata L. cv. Elita) were evaluated at different ripening stages to determine the changes in their physicochemical characteristics: total soluble solid content, percentage of acidity, pH, and ripeness index. The change in volatile compounds were determined through Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction and subsequent Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analyses. The volatile compounds were identified through the comparison of their chromatographic and spectral properties against the ones exhibited by reference substances. The sensorial quality factors showed values that changed according to the ripening stage. It was established that the ester levels, particularly those from C6, C4, and C8 saturated and unsaturated aliphatic acids, increased with ripening. C6 aliphatic compounds, such as (Z)-3-hexenol and (Z)-3-hexenal, were observed to be the major volatile constituents in the green stage. In contrast, methyl hexanoate and methyl (E)-2-hexenoate were the main volatile in ripe, overripe and half ripe fruits. The overripe stage was characterized by an increase in the ethyl acetate, methyl butanoate and ethyl butanoate levels, and the appearance of butanoic and hexanoic aliphatic acids. These facts could be used as an indicator of the beginning of the fermentation stage and the loss of fruit sensory quality.
VALIDATION OF AN ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY TO QUANTIFY CYANOGENIC GLUCOSIDES IN COMMERCIAL CASSAVA PRODUCTS
Authors: ORTIZ Darwin , SÁNCHEZ Teresa , ACOSTA Harold , PACHÓN Helena
Published: January 2023

A spectrophotometric method for determining cyanogenic glucosides (CGs) was validated in accordance with IUPAC and ICH requirements for new methods. The method demonstrates good linearity in the range of 0.1-0.88 μgg-1 hydrocyanic acid (HCN). The accuracy of the method ranges between 95.2% and 96.4%. The precision of the method, reflected as the relative standard deviation of the replicates, is lower than 12%. The method was compared with the most used method to detect CGs in cassava roots, the one established by Essers et al. Both methods were applied to quantify CGs in commercial cassava products. The new method is a useful and reliable tool for monitoring levels of CGs in cassava commercial products.
SELECTION AND EVALUATION OF A STABILIZER COMPOSED OF RUBBERS ON QUALITY PROPERTIES IN MIXTURES FOR HARD ICE CREAM
Authors: POSADA DAVID M.Sc. Liliana Rigey , SEPÚLVEDA VALENCIA M.Sc. José Uriel , RESTREPO MOLINA M.Sc. Diego Alonso
Published: January 2023

Background: Today’s market demands ice cream with excellent texture and body properties, which together with the taste, determine to a large extent the acceptability of these. In this industry there is a marked tendency towards the use of integrated stabilizers that will enhance synergism between components, obtaining better quality end products. Objetives: The present work aims at evaluating the effect of a carob, karaya and guar gum mixture, as thickening agent, on some quality characteristics (bromatological, sensory and stability) of hard ice creams. Methods: The research was conducted in two stages; in the first one is evaluated the effect of individually gums (100%), binary mixture (50:50 %) and ternary mixtures (33.3: 33.3: 33.3 %), applied at a level of 0.3% (w/w) in the hard ice-cream mix system. In the second stage, it is evaluated the effect of level of application in hard ice-cream mix, at testing levels of 0.3, 0.35 and 0.4% (w/w) of the mixture 50% carob gum and 50% guar gum, compared against a witness who had a commercial stabilizer applied in 0.3% (w/w), which resulted in four treatments. Results: With the results of the first stage it is performed the determination of thixotropy, which allowed us to establish as best mixtures the one corresponding to the proportion 50% carob and 50% guar gum and the 100% guar gum mixture, according to the response surface methodology. The final ratio of prices allowed choosing guar: carob gum for application, along with the fact that such combination made possible evaluating behaviors and interactions as a mixture. In the second stage, the results show that the ice cream formulated by mixing 50% carob gum and 50% guar gum, shows a lower percentage of melting and less time in the fall of the first drop compared to the control. The treatment 0.4% presents grater gumminess, while the control a higher roughness. The flavor quality is significantly diminished over time, in all treatments. Conclusion: The selected mixture of carob and guar gum, has positive influence on the evaluated characteristics against the commercial stabilizer of ice cream.
RESEARCH AND PUBLISH IN PHARMACEUTICAL CARE: A MISSION FOR IMPROVE AND DEVELOP
Authors: Amariles Pedro , Sabater-Hernández Daniel , Faus María José
Published: January 2023

En Colombia, la Revista VITAE de la Facultad de Química Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Antioquia es una de las 23 publicaciones científicas clasificadas en la máxima categoría (A1) del Índice Bibliográfico Nacional (Publindex). Por su parte, internacionalmente, desde el 2009, VITAE se encuentra incluida en los sistemas de indexación Redalyc, ISI-Thompson y SCOPUS, reconocidos como los sistemas de mayor visibilidad. En este sentido, en la versión del 2010 del Journal Citation Report, se le asigna un factor de impacto de 0.205; valor que la sitúa en el puesto 5 entre las 14 revistas reportadas para Colombia.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FOLIC ACID MICROPARTICLES FORMED BY SPRAY-DRYING WITH GUM ARABIC AND MALTODEXTRIN
Authors: LOPERA C. Seneida M. , GUZMÁN O. Cielo , CATAÑO R. Carlos , GALLARDO C. Cecilia
Published: January 2023

The folic acid is an essential vitamin, it is involved in the essential aminoacids biosynthesis and someprocess associated to DNA. Folic acid undergoes degradation reactions when is exposed to light, acid or alkaline medium and oxygen atmosphere. For this reason it is necessary to develop strategies to improveits stability not affecting its biological activity. In this connection the obtaining of microparticles by spraydrying, using arabic gum and maltodextrin blends is proposed. The microparticles could act as a carrierof folic acid providing it protection.In this study, microparticles of folic acid were obtained using four different blends of arabic gum andmaltodextrin. The particles size distribution, morphology, encapsulation efficiency and dissolutionprofile were assessed for the different types of microparticles. The results showed different aspects:the microparticles morphology changed with the ratio arabic gum – maltodextrine, the encapsulationefficiency was high for four types of studied microparticles, the particles size distribution did notchange with the wall materials ratio, the dissolution profiles showed a limited dissolution percentage,and microparticles of arabic gum-maltodextrin 70-30 showed the best profile. The arabic gum favoredthe encapsulation of folic acid and when it is mixed with maltodextrin the morphology, encapsulationefficiency and dissolution improved. Probably there is an optimum ratio of two wall materials providingoptimum properties to microparticles.
MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION OF ARYLPROPANOID CINNAMALDEHYDE BY THE PHYTOPATHOGEN FUNGUS Colletotrichum acutatum
Authors: CORREA N. Yaned M. , DURANGO R. Diego L. , GARCÍA P. Carlos M.
Published: January 2023

Phytopathogenic fungi have the capacity to modify chemically a wide array of organic compounds turningthem into structurally related products. In this study, biotransformation of the substrate arylpropanoidtrans-cinnamaldehyde A achieved by the phylamentous phytopatogenic fungus Colletotrichum acutatum,is evaluated; the process is carried out in liquid media culture Czapeck-Dox. The biotransformationof the substrate A produces the metabolites cinnamyl alcohol B, 3-phenyl-1-propanol C, 3-phenyloxiranemethanolD and 1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol E. The structures of metabolic products are determinedby gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance ofproton and carbon (1H and 13C NMR). The process is marked by the tendency of the pathogen to producehydroxylations on the substituent of the aromatic ring. Additionally, it has the capability to reduce thecarbonyl group and the double bond. In the process, several metabolic products used like raw materials for different industries are generated. A possible metabolic pathway of the biotransformation of transcinnamaldehydeby C. acutatum is also discussed.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF MICROBIAL LIPASES, A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE TO THE USE OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTES
Authors: Aveces Diez Angel Emilio , Castañeda Sandoval Laura Margarita
Published: January 2023

Los lípidos son biomoléculas orgánicas ampliamente distribuidas en la biomasa de la tierra, siendo las enzimas denominadas lipolíticas o lipasas las encargadas de la degradación de estas moléculas insolubles en agua. Las lipasas se han estudiado desde hace más de 300 años, sin embargo, su capacidad para catalizar la hidrólisis y sintetizar esteres ha sido reconocida apenas hace 70 años. Este tipo de enzimas revisten de gran importancia en la industria por sus múltiples aplicaciones debido a que llevan a cabo la degradación de sustratos con alto contenido graso así como en reacciones de esterificación en la industria alimenticia, farmacéutica y cosmética. Las lipasas han sido encontradas en muchas especies de animales, plantas y microorganismos. Sin embargo, las lipasas microbianas son mucho más versátiles y presentan características interesantes como estabilidad en solventes orgánicos, actividad bajo diversas condiciones, alta especificidad de sustrato, así como regio y enantio selectividad.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY EVALUATION AND PHENOLIC COMPOUND CONTENT DETERMINATION OF SEAWEEDS EXTRACTS FROM THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN
Authors: ECHAVARRÍA Z. Bibiana , FRANCO S. Andrea , MARTÍNEZ M. Alejandro
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, antioxidants are compounds of great interest because they help positively to maintain humanhealth. There is a marked interest in searching for antioxidants of natural sources, such as seaweed. Forthis reason extracts from five Colombian seaweeds: Caulerpa mexicana, Laurencia sp., Sargassum sp., Dictyotasp. and Sargassum cymosum are analyzed in this work. Total phenolic content is determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method and their antioxidant activity is determined by the DDPH method. Results showthat all studied species of Colombian seaweeds have an antioxidant activity possibly related with theirtotal phenolic content. Sargassum cymosum is the most active and it contains major phenolic compoundscontent. Results show that marine Colombian sources have a big potential for searching substances, withapplication in the pharmaceutics and alimentary sector.
BIOSENSORS: IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTLOOK IN THE CONTROL AND PROCESS QUALITY AND FOODSTUFFS
Authors: JIMÉNEZ C Claudio , LEÓN P. Daniel E.
Published: January 2023

The food, drink and related industries require analytical methods to secure physico-chemical,microbiological, bromatological sensory quality and stability of raw materials, processes and products.These methods must offer real time data that allow to control and to monitor each process to safeguardthe innocuity of the nutritional products. The traditional analytical methods have to deal with gravimetric,volumetric and colorimetric determinations with limited sensitivity levels for trace determination, andwith little specificity. Although the chromatographic methods show highly reproducible results and thelimit of detection is as low as parts per trillion, these methods are expensive and imply very exhaustivetreatments of the sample. Biosensors are integrated devices consisting of a biological recognition elementand a transducer capable of detecting the biological reaction and converting it into a signal which can beprocessed, becoming an important tool to check the quality and processes. The present approach showspromising advantages compared to traditional method. This paper presents a ten year development ofthese devices and their application to food investigation and similars; contributing with applications forthe automated and not automated process control, mycotoxins detection, identification of antinutritionalfactors, residuality of traditional and emergent organic polluting agents (pesticides, antibiotics, hormones,dioxins, furanones, among others), monitor and microbiological control, presence of genetically modifiedorganisms among others. The objective of this study is to review paper and updated information on theuse of biosensors as a technology in food analysis and its advantages within the food security systems.
NEUROTOXINS FROM INVERTEBRATES AS ALTERNATIVE THERAPEUTIC AGENTS AND TOOLS IN BASIC RESEARCH
Authors: PEREAÑEZ Jaime A. , VARGAS Leidy J.
Published: January 2023

Animal venoms are a complex mixture of proteins, peptides, enzymes and trace elements such ascarbohydrates and salts, which aim to immobilize the prey and begin digestion. Toxins are isolatedsubstances from venons, with one or more specific actions on victims. Many of these compounds haveaction on specific receptors located on the central and/or peripheral nervous system, while others exert theireffects by acting on other proteins. Since the discovery in 1971 of the peptide that gave rise to Captopriland the fact that a lot of toxins are useful as tools for physiological process studies, animal venoms beganto be watched as sources rich in bioactive compounds and its potential use as therapeutic agents is nowconsidered. There are now different drugs and diagnostic or basic investigation tools derivated fromtoxins. This review based on publications from the last 10 years pretends to provide a current view ofthe use of some of these molecules as tools in different fields of biomedicine and pharmacy, and in theapplication of these as new alternative therapeutic agents or as models in designing them.
CRUDE BACTERIOCIN EXTRACT EFFECT ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLOMO REDONDO (Longissimus dorsi) VACUUM-PACKAGING
Authors: VÁSQUEZ Sandra M. , SUÁREZ M. Héctor , MONTOYA C. Olga I.
Published: January 2023

The application of crude bacteriocins extract (CBE) produced by Lactobacillus plantarum LPBM10 is tested on the microbiological and sensory characteristics of rib filets (Longissimus dorsi) vacuum packing for 31 days storage at 3°C. As parameters of meat quality through time microbiology analysis, pH, cutting force, weight loss and sensorial are made. Significant differences are found in psychrotrophic counts in the fifth day storage, being better the treatment with crude bacteriocin extract. Levels of fecal coliforms persistaround 1.5 UFC/g in meat samples with crude bacteriocins extract. Significant difference in every day storage (p
SENSITIVILITY PROFILE HEP-G2 AS A MODEL OF CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY DETERMINATION OF BIOACTIVATED XENOBIOTICS VIA CYP 450
Authors: PRIETO Stephanie O. , ARISTIZÁBAL G. Fabio A.
Published: January 2023

Several methodologies have been proposed in order to establish anticancer action, mainly focused onin vitro cytotoxicity valuation on neoplasic cell lines derived from human cancer. However, most ofthese cell lines are metabolically incompetent, restricting model sensibility and generating false negativeanswers. Hep-G2 cell line is widely used because of its high sensibility reflecting phase I and II activityof some enzymes of phase I and II, which play an important role in activation and detoxification ofxenobiotics. In this study, Hep-G2 is used as a model to find cytotoxic activity produced by 2-amino- 1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and Cyclophosphamide, in presence or absence ofinductor agents. This analysis was carried out by measuring indirectly viable number of cells with assayslike MTT and resazurine staining. In addition, the possibility of co-cultures with other cell lines wasevaluated according to strengthen method sensibility. Cytotoxicity of PhIP and cyclophosphamide wasobserved with the cellular staining methods. For this reason a co-culture system was established. Theanswer was similar to independent cell lines. These results propose that pre-treated Hep-G2 cells withsome inductive agents show sensibility by PhIP as different authors postulate.
FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF COCAINE SAMPLES PRODUCED IN COLOMBIA: I. CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILING
Authors: GARZÓN M. William F. , PARADA A. Fabián , FLORIÁN R. Néstor M.
Published: January 2023

In this study sixty-five (65) seized samples of cocaine hydrochloride are chromatographically outlined todetermine its purity and making qualitative analysis to detect adulterants and occluded residual reliableextenders in tropacocaine, norcocaine, cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaine, benzoylecgonine samples; andcaffeine, phenacetin, levamisole and hidroxizine. In the quantitative samples analysis lower cocaine purity found is 64.58% and the highest is 95.83%. In relation to the presence of residual compounds, 136 of them are detected. Some are preliminarily identified. This work explores the possibility to use these compounds for the comparison of chromatographic profiles looking forward to establish different links in cocaine samples. The results contribute to the knowledge of forensic chemistry and the toxicology potential of cocaine hydrochloride samples produced and seized in Colombia.
ESTABLISHING OF THE CONDITIONS OF THE BLEND OF PULP WITH BANANA (Musa paradisiaca L.) TO SUBMIT SPRAY DRYNG
Authors: LOPEZ M. Beatriz E. , CARVAJAL de P. Luz M. , MILLAN C. Leonidas de J.
Published: January 2023

Spray-drying is one of the methods used to dehydrate foods and prolong their life. This study aims to determine the optimum amounts of maltodextrin and rubber acacia to maximize ºBrix and minimize the viscosity in banana pulp for later spray drying. The maltodextrin has a significant effect for both, the content ºBrix as viscosity, but the latter also affects the interaction between maltodextrin and rubber acacia. It is necessary to find a balance between the maximum ºBrix and minimum viscosity for the drying process. Low viscosity allows a better flow of the mixture in the spray system (disk or diffusion) and a high concentration of solids totals increases the performance of the final product. The combination of treatments generating the better answer is above 39.95 g maltodextrin with 3.29 g rubber acacia. This combination of treatments is the point where ºBrix are maximum and viscosity is minimum, finding a value of 46.44 º Brix and 634.59 cP respectively.
EVOLUTION OF PROBIOTIC CONTENT AND COLOR OF APPLES IMPREGNATED WITH LACTIC ACID BACTERIA
Authors: PUENTE D. Luis , BETORET V. Noelia , CORTÉS R. Misael
Published: January 2023

An important issue related with functional foods development is the stability of physiologically active compounds. For example vitamins, minerals, probiotic bacteria are very sensitive to the technological processes involved in their obtention. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the viability of a probiotic strain (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) inside a food matrix (Granny smith apple) and physical parameters such as color (L* a* b*) of vacuum impregnated apple cylinders during a refrigerated and frozen storage. The results show that the viable probiotic bacteria inside food matrix maintain the minimal value to be considered as probiotic functional food (106 CFU/g), and the color parameters which are critical in refrigerated samples during their storage.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF THE EXTRACT AND COMPOUNDS FROM Solanum tuberosum IN THE PITHED RAT
Authors: GÓMEZ Juan M. , GUERRERO Mario F.
Published: January 2023

This study evaluates the effects on arterial pressure and pithed heart frequency rate induced by the ethanolic extract of Solanum tuberosum, a species used in Colombian folk medicine for the treatment or arterial hypertension, compared with a-solanine and a-chaconine -the main glycoalcaloids of S. tuberosum- the mixture of both glycoalcaloids (50:50) and chlorogenic acid, the main polyphenolic compound present in this species. The effect of the extract in presence of noradrenalin (0.25 - 2.5 μg/Kg, IV) and L-NAME (10 mg/Kg, IV), inhibitor of nitric oxide sintase, is also studied. These results show that whereas the etanolic extract decreases the blood pressure in a dose - response manner (1 μg/Kg - 10 mg/Kg, IV) and reduces the increase of this variable induced by noradrenalin. It has been not demonstrated that the glycoalcaloid compounds, the alkaloidal mixture (50:50), or the chlorogenic acid were able to reduce the arterial pressure. The effect of the extract is reverted partially in the presence of L-NAME. In conclusion, the etanolic extract of S. tuberosum exerts hypotensive effects related partially with the nitric oxide production, non-attributable to the presence of a-solanine, a-chaconine or chlorogenic acid.
EFFECT OF TWO ATMOSPHERES PACKAGING ON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS (Pleurotus ostreatus L.) TREATED BY VACUUM IMPREGNATION WITH CONSERVANT SOLUTION
Authors: RUIZ Marilsa P. , CORTÉS Misael , HENRÍQUEZ Luis E.
Published: January 2023

In this paper the vacuum impregnation technique (IV) is applied on edible whole mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus L.) using a conservant solution (CS) containing ascorbic acid, citric acid, salt, low metoxyl pectin and calcium, to develop a minimally processed product. The response to the impregnation is appraised to determine the composition of CS and to evaluate changes in the physiochemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of the impregnated matrix stored at 4ºC in two atmospheres during 12 days packaging. The volumetric fraction of impregnation in small (5.5 ± 1.4 g) and big mushrooms (12.2 ± 2.2 g) is respectively of 39.7 ± 8.6% and 31.2 ± 10.7%. The physicochemical parameters are affected for CS, the time of storage and the packaging atmosphere. The ºBrix, % acidity, % chlorides and% humidity decrease, the pH rises and the aw keeps uniform during that time. CS allows to control the browning, obtaining a product with an acceptable color until the ninth day. The brightness (L*) shows a tendency to decrease with the time (darker), but keeping it in the chromatic plane a*b* in the gray areas. The texture of the product is considered acceptable with elastic characteristic and CS maintains it during the time. For both atmospheres, the microbiological parameters are within the acceptable limits in the Colombian norm. The IV process represents an effective methodology that improves the sensorial, microbiological and quality attributes of the mushroom increasing 12.5% the shelf life.
EFFECT OF MICROENCAPSULATED NAPROXEN INTO POLY(LACTIDE-COGLYCOLIDE)MICROSPHERES ON CARRAGEENIN PAW EDEMA IN RATS
Authors: ARAGÓN N. Diana M. , VERGEL B. Nadezdha E. , OSPINA G. Luis F. , MARTÍNEZ R. Fleming Departamento de Farmacia. Universidad Na , ROSAS P. Jaiver E.
Published: January 2023

Microparticles are pharmaceutical dosage forms widely used because they may improve the therapeuticapplication of new and conventional drugs. In this work we make biodegradable microparticles withpoly (lactic-co-glicolic) acid as polymer loaded with naproxen. The best microencapsulation conditionsare experimentally determinate. We have found that the drug:polymer ratio, the isopropanol amount,the aqueous phase volume, the stir speed and the time of stir affect the microparticles characteristics. Inthe carragenin paw edema model, we have found that the microencapsulated naproxen at 5 mg/Kg and10 mg/Kg showed greater effect than free naproxen at 10 mg/Kg.
IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF UNDERIVATIZED DIASTEROMERIC
Authors: MONTOYA P. Guillermo L. , RENDÓN M. Alejandra , ARANGO A. Gabriel J.
Published: January 2023

Sugars are important molecules with remarkable cell signals pathway functions in higher organisms.The structural complexity of sugar represented by its isomeric, anomeric and diasteromeric configurationsdeserve the implementation of modern, rapid and sensitive methodologies for its identification and differentiation.Mass spectrometry and its analyzer of ion trap provide new alternative techniques that encouragethe control of the fragmentation energies supplied to molecules. Since stereoisomer differentiation isconsider outside the mass spectrometry domain, a methodology has been applied in order to differentiateβ-D-galactose, β-D-glucose and the disaccharides β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside(lactose), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (maltose) y β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (sacarose) trough its ammonium and lithium adducts by infusion on ESI-IT-MS/MSmass spectrometer. Different fragmentation energies have been used to ensure the ion marker occurrencein the analyte stereochemistry. It is evident that the collision energies control in structural analysis ofmolecules provides a powerful and modern analytical tool to be applied in control laboratories.
STUDY OF GLUCOSE SYRUP PRODUCTION FROM MALTODEXTRINES USING TWO COMERCIAL ENZYMES
Authors: BETTÍN S. Luz A. , QUINTERO D. Juan C.
Published: January 2023

Hydrolyzed starch with a high-dextrose equivalent is extensively used in the food industry and as asource of fermentable sugars. In order to obtain a better yield in this process more efficient enzymeshad been continuously developed. Dextrozyme GA® (DGA) has been released recently in the marketto replace AMG 300L® (AMG) enzyme. In this paper yields and hydrolysis rates were evaluated as afunction of maltodextrin concentration between 60 and 180 g/L and enzymes concentration between0.188 and 0.75 AGU/mL. DGA allows enhancing hydrolysis rates up to 26 times more than those usingAMG. Also DGA generates conversion of maltodextrin up to 95% in less than 60 minutes, in comparisonwith AMG which produces conversions up to 50% in 8 h. Among the values of substrate and enzymeconcentration studied it was found that a substrate concentration of 130.2 g/L and enzyme concentration of0.55 AGU/mL were optimal values. DGA is inhibited by uncompetitively product and is highly affectedat a low enzyme concentration. We developed a mathematical model that successfully reproduces theexperimental data. These results could be used in reactors design for syrup glucose enzymatic production.
EVALUATION OF THE AVOBENZONE PHOTOSTABILITY IN SOLVENTS USED IN COSMETIC FORMULATIONS
Authors: VALLEJO John Jairo , MESA Mónica , GALLARDO Cecilia
Published: January 2023

The use of sunscreen products is very important nowadays. The photostability of UV filters incorporated in these products must be preserved during its storing and application processes in order to achieve the claims about photoprotection of the commercial products. The photostability of avobenzone, one of the most common UVA filters in commercial sunscreens, is assessed in solvents intended for cosmetic formulations. The study is carried out by following the spectral behavior of avobenzone solutions under irradiation and after storing them in the dark. Different photobehaviors of the avobenzona are found in the selected solvents, some of which can be explained in the same way than in analytical solvents; but for others, the structural and physical properties of the solvents must be taken into account. The most appropriate solvents for ensuring the photostability of avobenzona are mineral oil and isopropyl myristate.
EDITORIAL: Revista Vitae de la Facultad de Química Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Antioquia, un presente acreditado que augura un futuro sobresaliente
Authors: CARDONA Sánchez Diana Patricia , AMARILES Pedro
Published: January 2023

En octubre de 2011, la Facultad de Química Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Antioquia celebrará los veinte años de su revista VITAE, medio impreso y electrónico para la difusión de los resultados de investigación de reconocidos científicos nacionales e internacionales en las ciencias farmacéuticas y alimentarias. Durante este tiempo, Vitae ha tenido reconocimientos significativos nacionales e internacionales. En el contexto nacional hace parte de la lista de 23 publicaciones científicas clasificadas en la máxima categoría (A1) en el Índice Bibliográfico Nacional (Publindex).
Film Genres and Emotions: Genres Watched by Netflix Türkiye Viewers and Emotion Variations During the Pandemic
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Özgür
Published: January 2023

A dynamic relationship exists between a film/series and the viewer, and genres have an essential place in this relationship. Significantly, the experience of watching films and television series, which is gradually changing, also provides more detail regarding this relationship. Since the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the viewing experience has changed, primarily through digital platforms. However, the viewer's tendency to use digital platforms provides more specific data. In this study, using data of genres watched on Netflix Türkiye between 2020 and 2021, which was obtained from FlixPatrol, was analyzed in the context of genres and viewer emotions. Türkiye's data for 2020 and 2021 and the full closure period between April 29 and May 14, 2021 were also examined. Furthermore, movie genres were analyzed quarterly and on a general basis, and the viewing rates of genres in the Top 10 were also interpreted. Numerical data were interpreted qualitatively in the context of genre and cognitive theories.
Geçmişten Günümüze TRT Dizi Filmlerinin Yayın Hayatına Yansıması ve 2020-2022 Arası Örnekler
Authors: OKUMUŞ M. Sami
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de kamu yayıncılığı faaliyetlerini yürüten Türkiye Radyo-Televizyon Kurumu’nun (TRT) 2020-2022 arasında yayınladığı televizyon dizilerini ayrıntılı biçimde ele almaktır. Bu bağlamda 2020-2022 arasında TRT’de yayınlanan dizi filmlerin belirlenmesi ve önceki yıllarda yayınlanan dizi projelerinin türleriyle alakalı mevcut benzerliklerin ve farklılıkların ortaya koyulması planlanmaktadır. Bu yazı, TRT’de son iki yılda yayınlanan dizi isimlerinin ve tüm detaylarının yer alacağı bilgi tablosu sayesinde projelerin kronolojik sırayla incelenmesini ve değerlendirilmesini sağlamak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Yayınlanan dizilerin sayıları, türleri, bölüm sayıları, süreleri, ilk ve son yayın tarihleri ve hangi sezonda yayınlandıkları bilgileri de söz konusu tabloda yer almaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında TRT’de 2020’de dokuz, 2021’de sekiz TV dizisinin yayınlandığı belirlenmiş, bu dizi sayılarına ek olarak, önceki çalışmalardan elde edilen bilgiler ışığında 2010 yılı itibariyle TRT’de yayınlanan dizi film türleriyle ilgili karşılaştırmalar da yapılmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre 2010-2022 yılları arasında TRT’de toplam doksan dizi film yayınlanmış; bunların elli tanesi “aile” türünde, yirmi üç tanesi de “tarih” türünde olduğu saptanmıştır. Yine veriler ışığında TRT’de aile ve tarih konularını merkeze alan dizi film yapımlarının, tüm dizi film yayınlarına referansla toplamda %81 oranında ekranda yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Kamu yayıncısı misyonuyla yayınlarını sürdüren TRT’nin, geçmişten günümüze izlediği yol ve politikalar ile değişen idari yapıları hakkında da kapsamlı bilgilere yer verilmektedir.
Sinemada Neoformalist Yaklaşım
Authors: İŞLER Bihter
Published: January 2023

David Jay Bordwell ve Kristin Thompson’ın geliştirdiği metodolojik bir yaklaşım olan “neoformalizm” (yeni biçimcilik), filmlerin anlatı-biçim ilişkisine odaklanır. “Biçim” (form), filmin parçaları arasındaki ilişkiler sistemi iken, “anlatı” (narrative) zaman-mekân ikilisinden gelişen neden-sonuç ilişkisi bağlamında, olay örgüsünün öykü bilgisini dağıtma şeklidir. Neoformalist yaklaşım, filmlerin “stil”ini, anlatı-biçim ilişkisini çözümleyerek, anlatı perspektifinden tamamlanmış bir sanat eserinin var olma sürecini ve prensiplerini inceler.
Çalışmada, Bordwell ve Thompson’ın geliştirdikleri neoformalist yaklaşımın önerdiği metodolojinin nasıl temellendirildiği ve değerlendirildiği sorularına yanıt aranmış, filmlerin anlatı-biçim ilişkisini çözümlemek için önerdikleri ilkelerin neler olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Neoformalist film analizi, filmlerde biçimsel öğelerin sistematik olarak nasıl kurulduğunu, filmlerde hâkim olan biçimsel yönelimlerin neler olduğunu, biçimin anlatıyı nasıl yönlendirdiğini, filmlerin hangi ilkelere göre inşa edildiğini ve bu ilkelerin hangi koşullarda, nasıl ve neden ortaya çıktığını ortaya koymayı amaçlar.
Sonuç olarak, neoformalist film analizi açıklayıcı önermeler oluşturmak için filmin oluşturulma sürecini ve prensiplerini inceler. Neoformalist yaklaşımın metodolojisi, sinemayı “somut gerçeklere bağlı tutma çabası” ile temellendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, neoformalist yaklaşımın önerdiği film biçimini oluşturan öğeler betimlenerek, yaklaşımın sinema araştırmalarına getirdiği metodolojik sistem açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Polycystic ovarian disease: Preventive approach
Authors: Deshpande Priya
Published: January 2023

Polycystic Ovarian Disease PCOD is an important hormonal disorder occuring in girls and women during their teenage / reproductive age. Most of the times it is presented in the form of enlarged ovaries with small cysts on outer edges. The process of ovulation is disturbed in the patients of PCOD, most of the times the menstrual cycles are either irregular or less or absent and it may have many future concerns like infertility, hormonal imbalance, psychological disturbances etc. As per the Indian ancient medical science of Ayurved any disease if diagnosed early, especially in the premordial stage i e before its appearance or start, it can be cured and the future complications can also be prevented. The main principle is ‘prevention is better than cure‘, and to maintain equilibrium in a healthy person (to prevent oneself from any disease). It is a need of an hour to study and understand about PCOD using both the available sciences ancient and modern and to find out the natural measures, natural solutions like ayurvedic lifestyle management for the prevention of PCOD.
Effect of ‘’ chant on mental health of mild to moderate COVID-19 infections: A prospective, interventional, multicentric study
Authors: Gawali Vijaykumar , Sankhe Ajay Prabhakar , Shanbhag Vivekanand , Kadam Rajesh
Published: January 2023

Patients with COVID-19 infections have been shown to be under tremendous psychological stress. Chanting the has been shown to ameliorate the stress markers in other conditions. Hence, we envisaged the present study to evaluate the effect of chanting the in our patients presenting with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infections.

A multicenter, prospective open label study was carried out in adults diagnosed with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infections confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. General anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale was used for evaluating the psychological well-being of study participants.

One-hundred and twenty patients were recruited. Most of the patients felt anxious, worried that something might happen to them at baseline and the proportion has significantly reduced post-intervention (p < 0.0001). The mean (SD) score of GAD scale at baseline was 6.1 (3.4) and was significantly (p<0.0001) reduced after the intervention [0.5 (0.9)]. Similarly, post-intervention almost all the patients either did not have any symptoms of GAD or had only mild compared to the baseline.

We observed a significant reduction in the anxiety levels following daily chanting of in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. A large well designed controlled clinical trial must be done for further confirmation of the findings from the present study.