bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Ganglion Cell Distribution in Sigmoid Stomal Limbs and Distal Rectum after Stoma Formation in Male Anorectal Malformation Patients Undergoing Staged Repair
Authors: Bamoria Priyanka , Ratan Simmi K. , Panda Shasanka Shekhar , Neogi Sujoy , Mandal Shramana , Kumar Chiranjiv , Saxena Gaurav
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

This study was undertaken to assess the distribution of ganglion cells (GCs) and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) across different points of distal rectal pouch in anorectal malformation (ARM) patients over the three stages of repair. We hypothesize that along with the surgical factors, there could be intrinsic factors as well which can be the cause of dysmotility in these patients after surgical repair.

Methodology:

Full-thickness colonic biopsy specimens were taken from the proximal stoma, distal stoma, and distal rectal pouch of 21 boys aged 0–8 months undergoing 3 staged repair of ARM at our tertiary care center between August 2022 and December 2023. There was an interstage interval of approximately 12–14 weeks. All underwent high-divided sigmoid colostomy in stage 1. Biopsy specimens for GC and ICC number were routinely processed, and immunohistochemistry was done for CD117. The data was assessed and compared with respect to location and stage of surgery.

Results:

Both GC and ICC showed a gradual decrease in mean number over three stages for both proximal and distal ends of colostomy. For proximal stoma, the distribution of either cell type did not differ across the stages, but for distal stoma, the number of cells was significantly lower in the second stage (following colostomy, before posterior sagittal anorectoplasty). However, no difference was noted between the second and third stages. This indicates that factors during/just after colostomy itself must be responsible for decrease in ICC/GC.

Conclusion:

Lesser number of GC and/or ICC in the distal pouch from stage 2 onward may point toward its association with projected hypomotility in ARM patients. Apart from innate distribution, we also infer that this could be consequent to vascular insult which may occur at the time of divided colostomy. Loop stoma may be a better alternative as vascularity is uninterrupted in loop colostomy.
CXCL13 levels in cerebrospinal fluid in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: The role of Borrelia in neuroinfections
Authors: Karabörk Şeyda , Türkoğlu Şule Aydin , Yildiz Serpil , Sirmatel Fatma
Published: January 2025

Background & objectives:

This study was compared the Borrelia antibodies and chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from cases diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), and pseudotumour cerebri (PTC).

Methods:

A total of 43 CSF samples were collected from patients diagnosed with RRMS, RIS and PTC. We prospectively investigated Borrelia IgG and IgM antibodies in the CSF samples of the cases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) method, and CXCL13 levels by ELISA. Data were statistically analysed using the the Spearman rank correlation test.

Results:

Five antigens (protein 19, 20, 21, 58, and outer surface protein C (OspC)) were positive due to confirmation of the positive samples for Borrelia antibodies by the WB method. There were no significant differences in CSF CXCL13 levels between the three groups. The CXCL13 level was found to be statistically higher in the demyelinating group compared to the PTC group (p=0.001).

Interpretation & conclusion:

The Borrelia antibodies were found positive in CSF samples of RRMS patients. The coexistence of high CXCL13 (may be a potential biomarker) suggests that LNB may also play a role in the etiopathogenesis of RRMS. In addition, the positive detection of OspC and p58 WB bands in most cases suggests that these protein bands can be used as in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and Lyme disease.
Combined 0.05% Mitomycin-C and 1% 5-Fluorouracil-Mediated Cornea Resolution in Well-Differentiated Ocular Surface Squamous Cell Carcinoma of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Lasisi Akinola Muideen , Ezeronye Sheila Ugochi
Published: January 2025

This is a report of a conservatively treated case of well-differentiated ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma (OSSCC) in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. She was a 60-year-old woman who presented with a 4-month history of progressive swelling in her right eye. There was an associated history of pain, redness, and bloody discharge from the eye. Examination revealed a hard craggy, hemorrhagic, necrotic, fungating, friable, pedunculated, pyramidal-shaped mass over the right eye that prevented closure of eyelids. There was no view of any healthy cornea or conjunctiva tissue, nor the anterior and posterior segments of the right eye. A clinical diagnosis of OSSCC was made and confirmed on histology. Because of the challenge of performing globe-preserving tumor resection, she received eight courses of a combination of topical 0.05% mitomycin-C and 1% 5-fluorouracil drops over 6 months with complete resolution and restoration of corneal transparency, function, and anatomy. This case report highlights the possibility of complete corneal healing in patients with combined immunodeficiency and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Conservative nondestructive chemotherapy is a viable alternative in cases where tumor resection is a challenge.
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome: A review of pathogenesis
Authors: Ginger-Eke Helen A. , Ezisi Chinyelu N. , Ireka Jane O.
Published: January 2025

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) is a microfibrillopathy and a multisystem disorder that affects the anterior segment of the eye and body tissues. The etiopathogenesis of this disorder is poorly understood; however, several theoretical mechanisms have been elucidated. These include the role of genetics, commonly involving lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) gene on chromosome 15, vascular dysfunction caused by oxidative stress, and growth factors that induce the development of excessive fibrous connective tissue (fibrosis). The production of components of extracellular matrix found in exfoliative material is influenced by growth factors such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) isoforms, connective tissue growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. The association of clusterin with TGFβ1, role of oxidative stress, and elastosis has also been identified. Clusterin has been identified as one of the most prevalent proteins found in exfoliation deposits. Oxidative stress has been shown to induce fibrogenic responses involved in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders, leading to increased expression of PES-associated proteins. Ultrastructural evidence shows that PES is a kind of elastosis, characterized by the increased synthesis and accumulation of elastic microfibrils in the affected tissues in the eye.
Evaluation of the transcrestal sinus elevation using simple lift kit with simultaneous grafting and implant placement
Authors: Emera Ahmed Nabil Saad Abo , Khalifa Mahmoud El-sayed , Sadakah Abd E.A. Elmongy , Ibrahim Marwa Taha
Published: January 2025

Background

Rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla with dental implants is challenging. The transcrestal sinus elevation procedure has become an important preprosthetic surgical procedure for bone creation in the posterior maxilla with implant placement.

Purpose

This study was planned to evaluate the success of transcrestal sinus elevation using a simple lift kit with simultaneous grafting and placement of implant.

Patients and methods

A randomized clinical trial was conducted on ten patients with bone height below the floor of the maxillary sinus ranged from 5 to 8 mm, which was indicated for sinus membrane elevation using the simple lift kit. After preparation of the implant site and osteotomy, sinus membrane elevation using the simple lift kit and augmentation using bovine bone with the implant placement using surgical guide were done simultaneously. Osseointegration and bone height were measured using cone beam computed tomography after 6 months.

Results

Successful sinus membrane grafting using simple lift kit procedures was performed in 10 cases without sinus membrane perforation. A total of 10 implants were placed. The radiographic examination showed the bone height before and after sinus membrane lift was statistically significant, as there the increase in bone height ranged from 2.4 to 4.8 mm.

Conclusion

The simple lift kit is a minimally invasive technique, associated with very little discomfort and complications, which allows greater control and safety when performing the elevation of the sinus membrane.
Marginal seal of class V restorations using thermoviscous and sonic-fill bulk fill composites
Authors: Ghobashy Amira Magdy , Elmarhomy AL-Zahraa M. , Elsayed Hussein Y.
Published: January 2025

Aim

To investigate the cervical and occlusal marginal seal of class V restorations using thermoviscous, sonic-fill bulk-fill and conventional SDR flowable bulk-fill composites.

Materials and methods

Standardized class V cavities were prepared in 45 extracted sound human molars that were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 15) according to the restorative material used. This was divided as follow: group I (Surefil SDR flowable bulk-fill composite), group II (VisCalor bulk-fill composite), and group III (Sonic-fill 2 composite). Each restoration was applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All the specimens were subjected to 500 thermocyclings then were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye and sectioned to detect extend of the dye penetration using stereomicroscope. The data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS, version 26.

Results

There was no significant difference between the three tested groups in both occlusal and cervical marginal adaptation. However, a statistically significant difference was observed between group I which recorded a higher mean score of microleakage versus group II with P value = 0.059 at the occlusal walls. Concerning the comparison between occlusal and cervical dye penetration, it was found that there was no significant difference in both group I and group III. While in group II the occlusal margins had a lower mean score values of microleakage than the cervical walls with statistically significant difference (P = 0.053).

Conclusion

All the tested materials presented nearly comparable occlusal and cervical marginal adaptation results. However, VisCalor bulk-fill composite enhanced the cervical marginal adaptation compared the occlusal margins.
Evaluation of patients’ knowledge about their rights and responsibilities at Kafr El-Sheikh University
Authors: Sabry Marwa Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The American Dental Association has emphasized the importance of patients being aware of their rights and responsibilities. These responsibilities include providing accurate medical history information, reporting any changes, communicating desires and expectations, participating in healthcare decisions, and speaking out if unsure about dental prescriptions or approaches.

This study aimed to evaluate patients’ knowledge of their rights and responsibilities at Kafr El-Sheikh University.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kafr El-Sheikh University Clinics starting in March 2024. A structured interview administered by the researcher was used to gather data from the patients. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: socio-demographic variables (sex, education, income), knowledge of patients’ rights, and patients’ responsibilities.

Results

The results showed that all patients (100%) were aware of their responsibility to maintain regular oral healthcare routines at home and to fulfill financial obligations towards healthcare. However, 74.9% of respondents were unaware of their responsibility for the consequences of declining treatment or not following the agreed-upon treatment plan.

Conclusions

The study concluded that patients had insufficient knowledge of their rights and responsibilities. It was also observed that patients’ knowledge of their rights and responsibilities increased with higher income and education levels.
Antimicrobial effect of different concentrations of zirconium dioxide versus titanium dioxide nanoparticles incorporated in conventional polymethylmethacrylate denture base: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Borg Hesham S. , Mostafa Tamer M.N.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To compare the antimicrobial effect and reveal out the most effective concentration of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles added to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture bases.

Patients and methods

Forty completely edentulous male patients with mean age of 48 years old randomly distributed into five groups (eight patients each): group I received PMMA dentures without additives, group II received 1% ZrO2 nanoparticles PMMA dentures, group III received 3% ZrO2 nanoparticles PMMA dentures, group VI received 1% TiO2 nanoparticles PMMA dentures, and group V received 3% TiO2 nanoparticles PMMA dentures. Microbiological evaluation concerning Candida albicans was performed from the fitting surface of dentures after 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month of denture delivery. Data were delivered, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance test followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test at a significance level of 5%.

Results

No statistical significant differences were found between the study groups (P ≥ 0.05) but all groups showed statistical significant difference with the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Although the limitations and results of this study; 3% TiO2 and 3% ZrO2 nanoparticles give the PMMA denture base the most powerful antimicrobial effect.
Evaluation of endo-crowns retention before and after radiotherapy
Authors: El-Sayed Abeer Shawky , Massoud Gaber I. , El-Dessouky Radwa A. , Aldesoky Amira I.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate endo-crowns retention before and after radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods

Thirty endodontically treated human molars were divided into three groups according to exposure to radiotherapy: group I (control group), group II (cemented before radiotherapy) and group III (cemented after radiotherapy). Specimens were prepared to receive endo-crowns using computerized numerical control milling machine with the following criteria: occlusal reduction parallel to the occlusal plane (butt joint) 1 mm above cemento–enamel junction, axial preparation with 8° total occlusal convergence, 3 mm pulpal floor depth and trapezoid shape pulp-chamber cavity. The pulpal orifices and undercuts in mesial and distal canals were protected with flowable composite. After cementation with Theracem cement, evaluation of retention of endo-crowns was performed using pull-out test on universal testing machine along the long axis of teeth at constant loading rate of 0.5 mm/min and the forces will be recorded at the point of dislodgment of endo-crown in newton.

Result

Irradiated groups recorded lower bond strength values than nonirradiated group. There is a highly significant difference between group I (control group) and group II (before radio group) with P value 0.000, also there is a highly significant difference between group I (control group) and group III (after radio group) with P value 0.000, since there is a significant difference between group II and group III.

Conclusion

Radiotherapy had a negative effect on retention of endo-crowns cemented before and after radiotherapy.
Color change of omnichroma composite resin restoration exposed to different stains
Authors: Mekky Abrar F.S.A.A. , Etman Wedad M. , Elsayed Hussein Y.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To investigate the effect of different stains on Omnichroma nano filled composite resin restorations compared to a conventional nano hybrid composite resin restorations.

Patients and methods

A total of 60 intact human upper premolars with shade A2 were embedded in self-curing acrylic resin (roots only) 2 mm below the cement-enamel junction. A trapezoidal Class V cavity was prepared on the buccal surface of each tooth, a width of 4 mm occlusally and 3 mm gingivally, and 3 mm occluso cervically. The cervical margins were located 2 mm coronal to cementoenamel junction. All cavities were 2 mm in depth. Teeth were randomly divided into two equal groups (n = 30), group I (Omnichroma composite resin) and group II (Tetric Evoceram composite resin). All specimens were incubated at 37°C, 100% humidity in artificial saliva for 24 h, then subjected to 500 thermo cycles between 5°C and 55°C, 30 s dwell time, and a transfer time of 15 s. The color of specimens and restorations (base line) was recorded by Vita Easy shade V. Each group was randomly subdivided into three sub-groups (n = 10 specimens) and immersed in artificial saliva, coffee, and tea for 48 h. Color measurements were done again after immersion time. All data was collected, tabulated, and statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 26).

Results

In base line evaluation, there was no statistical significant differences for mean values of (ΔE) between both groups and within each group teeth surfaces versus composite restorations, still, there was no significant difference after immersion 48 h in saliva, however, a significant difference was recorded after immersion 48 h in both coffee and tea between both groups regarding composite values, and a statistical significant difference recorded within group II between teeth and restorations. All collected data for tested specimens were analysed to conclude the difference in ΔE of teeth surfaces and composite restorations of both groups between baseline and after 48 h immersion in different solutions, recording a statistical significant difference for teeth surfaces and composites of group I and group II. The difference in (ΔE) between both tested groups regardless the immersion solution was analysed. A significant difference was recorded.

Conclusion

Omnichroma composite resin matches the shade of tooth for class V restorations. Coffee recorded the highest staining mean values, followed by tea, and lowest mean values recorded by saliva. The claim of manufacturer that Omnichroma has a chameleon effect to obtain the same color of the surrounding tooth surfaces was accepted.
Potential Use of Some Edible Fruits from Woody Plants: Their Antioxidant Properties and Changes in Phenolics during In Vitro Digestion
Authors: Ozkan Gulay , Karahan Ceren , Kapucu Gulefsan , Yurt Bayram , Capanoglu Esra
Published: January 2025

Objective:

In this study, five woody plants including Cotoneaster
horizontalis (rockspray cotoneaster), Cotoneaster
franchetii (orange cotoneaster), Elaeagnus
angustifolia (Oleaster), Berberis
thunbergii (Japanese barberry), and Malus
floribunda (Japanese crabapple) were used for infusion preparation.

Materials and Methods:

The antioxidant potential and bioaccessibility of phenolics in the infusion were investigated before and after the simulation of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.

Results:

Accordingly, the infusion of B. thunbergii (Japanese barberry) exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity (6418 ± 479 mg Trolox equivalents [TE]/100 g dry weight [dw]), as measured by CUPRAC assay, and the highest total phenolic content (689 ± 30 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dw). On the other side, the infusion of C. horizontalis (rockspray cotoneaster) had the greatest antioxidant capacity values determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability (2420 ± 132 mg TE/100 g dw). The stability of phenolics in infusions was found to vary from gastric to intestinal digestion passage.

Conclusion:

With their high antioxidant potential, it is clear from the results that these plants can be considered a good alternative with functional properties.
Optimizing Healthcare in the Digital Era: Fusion of IoT with other Techniques
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Chaudhary Aryan , Kumar Vidyapati
Published: January 2025

The Internet of Things (IoT) has helped explore the healthcare industry. The present paper discusses the benefits and challenges associated with IoT in healthcare, highlights notable use cases, and presents the future prospects and considerations for successful implementation. Through a comprehensive examination of the topic, this paper aims to provide insights into the role of IoT in enhancing healthcare delivery, improving patient outcomes,  and transforming the healthcare domain. A case study of brain tumor classification is investigated to explore IoT's applicability in healthcare.  The VGG 16 model improved more consistently over the epoch, achieving higher validation accuracy than other models. In contrast, the discrepancies in validation accuracy and loss indicate the degree of variability of these models. The concept is augmented with fuzzy logic, nearness monitoring, and IoT in healthcare to understand future applicability, promising a better perspective on their transformational prowess.
Regularity and completeness of half-Lie groups
Authors: Bauer Martin , Harms Philipp , Michor Peter W.
Published: January 2025

Half-Lie groups exist only in infinite dimensions: They are smooth manifolds and topological groups such that right translations are smooth, but left translations are merely required to be continuous. The main examples are groups of

H^{s}

or

C^{k}

diffeomorphisms and semidirect products of a Lie group with kernel an infinite-dimensional representation space. Here, we investigate mainly Banach half-Lie groups, the groups of their

C^{k}

-elements, extensions, and right-invariant strong Riemannian metrics on them: surprisingly, the full Hopf–Rinow theorem holds, which is not the case in general even for Hilbert manifolds.
Determinants of public servants’ motivation in the Angolan Public Administration
Authors: Camango Crispim
Published: January 2025

O estudo da motivação na administração pública tem aumentado nos últimos tempos, tendo em conta a necessidade de tornar o serviço público cada vez mais eficiente. Para isso, é importante que os servidores públicos estejam sempre motivados. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as variáveis que melhor explicam ou predizem a ocorrência de motivação. Para a realização deste estudo, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória e de estudo de caso. Os dados foram analisados por meio do método de regressão logística binária. Os resultados indicam que das 13 variáveis analisadas, apenas duas delas funcionam como determinantes da motivação dos funcionários da Unidade de Análise. Para estudos futuros, outras unidades de análise e técnicas de análise de dados podem ser escolhidas para comparar as variáveis que explicam a motivação.
Impact of graphene oxide integration with ZnO nanoparticles on its photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities
Authors: Olani Adugna , Nagasa Guyasa Jabessa , Jabesa Nemera Dugasa , Tesema Efa Mulugeta , Tadesse Beyene Tamene
Published: January 2025

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are a type of nanomaterial that is biodegradable and has low toxicity and high compatibility with biological systems. They appear to have great potential for biomedical and photocatalysis applications, especially when compared to other metal oxide nanomaterials. Moreover, ZnO-NPs exhibit strong ultraviolet (UV) absorption properties, are cost-effective, and are easy to synthesize. However, pure ZnO-NPs have several limitations, including a wide energy bandgap, high excitation binding energy, poor photocatalytic activity in the visible range, and significant electron-hole recombination, which restrict their applications. To address these limitations, this study successfully incorporated graphene oxide (GO) into ZnO-NPs. Adding 4% GO reduced the energy band gap from 2.87 eV to 2.20 eV, significantly enhancing their activities. As a result of the integration, their photocatalytic activity enhanced, degrading 98% of methylene blue dye after 80 minutes of visible light exposure. Furthermore, GO incorporation boosted their antioxidant activity, increasing their half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) from 38.38% to 51.60%. The nanocomposite exhibited superior antimicrobial activity compared to the pure ZnO-NPs and GO, indicating enhanced antimicrobial effects through GO integration. These enhancements are attributed to the improved band gap, stability, surface functionality, and nanocomposite morphology, as confirmed by various characterization methods. 
KEY WORDS: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Dye degradation, GO/ZnO nanocomposite, Reactive oxygen species.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 515-534.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.10
Larvicidal and adulticidal effect of green synthesis copper oxide nanoparticles using Achillea fragrantissima and its biological and ultra-structural impact on Culex pipiens
Authors: D. Abd El-Halim Mohamed , A. Almehizia Abdulrahman , E. A. Elasasy Manar , Alhaj Zen Amer , M. H. M. Kamel Omnia , A. El-Sayed Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Chemical pesticides are often applied indiscriminately to control vectors, which led to development and unfavorable effects on beneficial organisms. Worldwide, phytochemicals and plant extracts have a multitude of medical uses and may be employed to remove a wide range of germs and pests. Environmentally friendly nanoparticle manufacturing and nanotechnology are the newest trends in a number of sectors. Utilizing a green method, Achillea fragrantissima extract (AcF) was employed to prepare copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs@AcF). Copper oxide nanoparticle was characterized using zeta potential, DLS and transmission electron microscope (TEM). During the study of the AcF extract effect against larvicidal and adulticidal, we found that the effect of AcF extract was less than CuONPs@AcF. Also, we studied the effect of AcF and CuONPs@AcF against the female mosquito's fertility. The effect of the tested substances on the female Culex pipiens ovary was improved by the ultrastructure.
KEY WORDS: Nanoparticles green synthesis, Copper oxide, Mosquito, Achillea fragrantissima extract.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 535-546.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.11
Exploration of the antioxidant and anticancer properties of methanolic extracts derived from five different Jasminum species, alongside an analysis of the phytoconstituent profile using GC-MS
Authors: M. George Nelly , Foda Nermeen , A. Yassin Marwa , Eldemerdash Marwa
Published: January 2025

Several bioactive constituents found in conventional medicine possess antioxidant and anti-cancer effects and may be useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases, so the current study sought to conduct a thorough investigation of their potential use as a potent antioxidant and anticancer agent for five Jasminum species. The preliminary phytochemical analysis in a methanol extract of Jasminum indicated the existence of numerous bioactive secondary metabolites. More accurately, we discovered many novel compounds such deoxyspergualin, gentamicin B, cefazolin, cytidine, cycloheptanone oxime, folinic acid, 1-dodecene, epoxynonane derivative, dl-citrulline, thiocyanic acid, limonene 5,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone and 4-fluoro histidine. The results demonstrated that the plants have therapeutic values, since the extracts' antioxidant impact was examined using radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The methanolic extract displayed varying half-maximal inhibitory concentration values slightly above the standard, indicating the significance of the bioactive metabolites present in the plant. Additionally, investigation was conducted on the potential anticancer properties targeting a specific liver cancer cell line and we revealed that J. azoricum was the powerful plant would effectively inhibit cancer cell lines at both 10 and 100 µg/mL.
KEY WORDS: Jasminum, Phytoconstituents, Anticancer, Antioxidant activity, GC-MS.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 547-560.                                                            
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.12
A Cu(II) coordination compound constructed by mixed ligands of 1,10-phenanthroline and carboxylic acid: Synthesis, characterization and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Wang Huilin , Liu Keming , Kong Zhiguo , Zhao Lina , Zhang Hua
Published: January 2025

Synthesis and full characterization of a new coordination compound, which was synthesized by mixed ligands under hydrothermal condition, namely [Cu(L)2(phen)2(H2O)2]·4H2O (1) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, H2L = 3-carboxy-1-carboxymethyl-2-oxidopyridinium). Cu(II) is six-coordinated in a slightly twisted [CuN2O4] octahedral geometry. 1 displays 2D supramolecular layer, which is further extended into a 3D network by the π-π stacking and hydrogen bonds. 3D Hirshfeld surface analysis is combined with 2D fingerprint plots to investigate the contribution of different intermolecular interactions within the crystal. DFT calculations are also performed.
KEY WORDS: Cu(II), 1,10-phenanthroline, Coordination compound, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT calculation.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 437-446.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.4
Empowering women in local politics and community engagement: a pathway to inclusive governance in Ghana
Authors: Boateng Janet Serwaa
Published: January 2025

Women's participation in local politics and community engagement is crucial in ensuring a fair representation in local government administration. Studies have acknowledged the low representation of women, but there is limited research on the roles of the elected few in local government. The study recognises the efforts of assemblywomen’s mentorship to empower other women in the local governance system in Ghana. It investigates assemblywomen’s administrative responsibilities that involve other women in community engagement. This strategy politically empowered them and enhanced inclusive governance in five regions of Ghana: Eastern, Central, Bono, Greater Accra, and Western Regions. The study employed a qualitative research approach, used the exploratory design, and sampled 30 assemblywomen for face-to-face interviews on their lived experiences. Four key informants were also interviewed. Other key informants were 6 assemblymen who engaged in focused group discussions. This study is underpinned by substantive representation theory, where elected assemblywomen engaged other women and responded to the needs of the communities. The findings revealed that assemblywomen’s responsibilities and community engagement empowered other women to address their needs. The study recommends the encouragement of assemblywomen to mentor other women to participate in local politics to improve inclusive governance.
Challenges of microcredit access and usage for micro-, small-, and medium-scale enterprises in the upper west region, Ghana.
Authors: Agbenyo Fauster , Domanban Paul B. , Sekyi Samuel
Published: January 2025

The article examined the challenges confronting women micro-, small-, and medium-scale entrepreneurs (MSMEs) in accessing and utilizing microcredit from microfinance institutions (MFIs) in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The article used a cross-sectional design and mixed-methods approach with a sample of 274 MSMEs. It employed questionnaires to rank the challenges, while interviews elicited the entrepreneurs’ experiences regarding challenges they confront. Garrett’s constraints ranking statistics and verbatim presentation from interviewees were adopted to analyse and present the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. The results indicate that out of ten constraints, delayed disbursement of microloans, with a total rank of 716, mean rank of 2.36, mean Garrett’s percentage position of 21.13, and mean Garrett’s score of 68.40, ranked highest. The least constraint was little or no concern for clients’ businesses by MFIs with a total clients’ rank of 2,222, mean rank of 8.11, mean percentage position of 76.09, and mean score of 32.94. It is concluded that though a myriad of challenges face MFI-supported MSMEs, the MSMEs have preferences as to which challenge impact their businesses most. It is recommended that in tackling challenges that MFI-clients MSMEs face, it is important to use the preferences of the clients as a guide for better results.
Living afar from marriage: experiences among a selected Ghanaian formal sector couples
Authors: Danso-Wiredu Esther Yeboah
Published: January 2025

It is usually perceived that when couples marry, they live together to complement each other and keep each other’s company. There have been changes in family behaviour at the global level. In both the Western world and Africa, mainly when people achieve material well-being, their family relationships become subsidiary to their needs and wants. This study examines married couples who live separately and the consequences of this arrangement on their social and economic lifestyles. It uses examples from formal sector workers, and largely based on a qualitative study conducted using virtual interviews. The study reveals that although the usual expectation is for married couples to live under the same roof, contemporary socio-economic conditions often prevent this. As a result, couples adapt as needed to maintain and sustain their marriages. The study adapts the Living Apart Together (LAT) concept to suit legally married couples who are separated based on economic activities. It concludes that LAT, as discussed in the literature, focuses on couples, usually unmarried, who decide to live apart because of reasons beyond their control.
Nuclear matter properties in the non-linear Walecka model via a relativistic mean field approximation at zero temperature
Authors: Ofor W. , Chad-Umoren Y.E. , Ikot A.N.
Published: January 2025

The properties of symmetric nuclear matter at zero temperature were considered. The equations of state (EOS) of nuclear matter were studied in the non-linear Walecka models at different parameterization. At normal nucleon density, there is strong correlation among the different parameter sets, however the linear Walecka model gives values of nucleon effective mass M0*  and nuclear incompressibility (K) at variance to the experimental values.The calculated values of saturation density ranges from (0.143-0.152) fm-3 , nucleon effective mass (0.132-0.157) MeV, binding energy per nucleon (-16.01 to -16.20) MeV, compression modulus (223.55-271.36) MeV, and fermi-wavelength (1.30-1.31) fm-1 for the non- linear Walecka model (NLWM). The results of the numerical computations were compared with the empirical analysis of the giant isoscalar monopole resonance data. These quantities are important for understanding the structure of finite nuclei, neutron stars and equation of state of other dense matter in astrophysical contexts.
Bacteriological and physicochemical analysis of drinking water sources in some parts of Nneato in Umunneochi local government of Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Ire F.S. , Okoro C.J. , Ahaotu I. , Ire E.S. , Maduka N.
Published: January 2025

Many rural dwellers who drink water fetched from springs, rivers, and streams are at risk of experiencing waterborne diseases. This study investigated the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking water sources in selected parts of Nneatọ in Umunneochi local government area of Abia state. A total of four water samples were obtained from ọhịị Eziọba spring (OES), ọhịị Ụmụacha stream (OUS), Iyi mbara river (IMR), and Obulụlọ river (OLR). The microbiological evaluations carried out on the water samples include total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC) and total coliform count (TCC). Bacterial isolates were identified using conventional standard microbiological techniques. Physicochemical properties analysed include pH, conductivity, acidity, colour, chloride, magnesium, calcium, iron, suspended solids, turbidity and total hardness The result of the study revealed that the total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC)for OES, OUS, IMR and OLR were 1.0×105 CFU/ml, 1.5×105 CFU/ml, 1.9×105 CFU/ml and 2.0×105 CFU/ml, respectively. The highest THBC was obtained in OLR while the lowest was encountered in OES. Total coliform count (TCC) of the water samples – OES, OUS, IMR, OLR were 28, 36, 710 and 1100 MPN/100 ml, respectively. OES has the lowest TCC while the highest TCC was observed in OLR. The percentage occurrence of the bacterial isolates includes Staphylococcus aureus (13.33%), Salmonella sp. (13.33%), Escherichia coli (13.33%), Klebsiella sp. (13.33%), Vibrio cholerae (13.33%), Enterobacter aerogenes (13.33%), Pseudomonas sp. (10%), and Shigella sp. (10%). The physicochemical properties were within the World Health Organization (WHO) limit, with the exception of colour (slightly clear), conductivity (500-685 µs/cm), acidity (0.4-0.8), and pH (4.02- 5.30). THBC and TCC were equally above the WHO and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) stipulated limits for water safety. The outcome of this study reveals that the sampled water sources were heavily contaminated with potential pathogenic bacteria and feacal matters as well as other agricultural waste materials. Thus, the water sources are unsafe for drinking and other domestic purposes. Therefore, public health enlightenment campaign through allforms of media, provision of alternative water sources such as borehole water with a treatment plant for the residents of Nneato town will avert the outbreak of waterborne diseases.
Numerical solution of fractional order mathematical model on the transmission dynamics of Ebola Virus Disease using the Laplace-Adomian Decomposition method
Authors: Agbata B.C. , Obeng-Denteh W , Shior M.M , Asante- Mensa F , Kwabi P.A. , Habeeb A. Aal-Rkhais , Ezugorie I.G , Agbebagu D.F
Published: January 2025

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) has been a significant public health concern due to its high mortality rate and potential for widespread outbreaks. This study focuses on the transmission dynamics of EVD, utilizing a fractional-order mathematical model. The model incorporates hospitalization and treatment as critical control measures against the disease. The Laplace-Adomian Decomposition method is employed to approximate series solutions, providing insights into the dynamics of EVD under varying conditions. Numerical simulations conducted using MATLAB highlight that effective treatment and high vaccination coverage are pivotal in controlling the spread of Ebola. Recommendations stemming from the study emphasized the importance of comprehensive vaccination campaigns, strengthened healthcare infrastructure, and community engagement in disease control efforts. Ultimately, this study serves as a valuable tool in understanding and managing Ebola outbreaks, contributing to global health strategies aimed at preventing and mitigating infectious diseases.
Assessing groundwater potentials using geoelectric data: A case study of parts of Southern Bida Basin, North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Agene I.U. , Akudo E.O. , Musa K.O. , Ahmed II J.B.
Published: January 2025

Evaluation of groundwater potentials can provide a lucid understanding of viable areas for sustainable groundwater exploitation especially in water scarce regions. This research, therefore, aims to assess groundwater potentials in parts of Southern Bida Basin, North central Nigeria by utilizing vertical electrical sounding data. The method employed involved a geophysical survey using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) conducted in 20 locations across the study area. Dar-zarouk parameters was then utilized to derive the aquifer hydraulic parameters and the groundwater potentials estimated accordingly. The results reveals that the range of aquifer thickness, longitudinal conductance, transverse resistivity, hydraulicconductivity and transmissivity are 1.89-45.70 m (mean-18 m), 0.2-5.80 mhom (mean-0.84 mhom), 24.3-11026 Ωm2 (mean-2970 Ωm2 ), 1-74 m/day (mean-20 m/day), and 13-2543 m2 /day (mean-382 m2 /day), respectively. The classified groundwater potentials presented with a map, reveals three (3) classes namely: very high, high, and intermediate potentials covering 4%, 15%, and 81% of the study area, respectively. The value of the aquifer parameters computed indicate that the high values of parameters such as transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity reside within the southeastern, central and Northeastern part of the study area, with notable towns like KotonKarfe, Lokoja and Abaji, respectively. The groundwater potentials, therefore indicates predominance of intermediate potentials in the study area, which conforms with the aquifer hydraulic parametervalues obtained. It is therefore recommended that surface water sources should be deployed to complement water supply in areas with low groundwater potentials to meet large scale water need.
Chemical bath deposition of Cadmiumbarium sulphide (CdBaS) thin film and its thickness effect on bandgapenergy
Authors: Elenwo O.P.
Published: January 2025

This study was basicallycentred on the chemical bath deposition technique of CdBaS (Cadmium Barium sulphide), and to determine the effect of thin film thickness on the bandgap energy of chemically deposited CdBaS. The thin films of CdBaS were deposited on several samples of glass slides using a chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. Several precursors were used suchas CadmiumSulphate (CdSO4 Ammonia (NH3), Thiourea (T.U) CH4N2S and Barium Sulphate (BaSO4).The deposition of CdBaS depends on the parameters such as volume of precursors, deposition temperature and dip time to uncover the properties of the thin film using spectrophotometer. Annealing of substrate involves heating of films at high temperatures. Annealing was done at 1000C, 2000C, 3000C, 4000C and 5000C. The concentrations of NH3 and BaSO4 were varied in different sample of beakers. The result shows that the bandgap energy increases as temperature and film thickness increases.
Acceptance of emergency contraception use among university students in Ogbomoso
Authors: Aworinde O.O. , Ayinde M. , Fijabiyi M.O. , Adekunle A.D. , Adeyemi A.S. , Aboyeji A.P
Published: January 2025

Emergency contraception (EC) are methods of contraception used to prevent unintended pregnancy after sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure. The available methods include oral pills and intrauterine contraceptive device. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of university students in Ogbomoso concerning emergency contraception. descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among students of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) and Bowen University, Ogbomoso. The minimum sample size of four hundred and forty-eight was calculated using Kish Leslie formula. Multistage sampling was used to select the participants. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire. Seven hundred and seventy two questionnaires were completed and analysed. Majority of the respondents were aged 20-29 (71.9%); females (59.2%); Yoruba (85.5%) and single (97.2%). 375 (48.6%) were aware of EC. Unprotected sexual intercourse was the commonest indication with 313 (83.5%) being aware of it as an indication. 158 (42.2%) got their information from friends. 181 (64.9%) knew the correct dose of COCP to use as EC. 237 (63.2%) of total respondents had a positive attitude towards EC and were willing to use it and recommend to friends. 122 (32.5%) of those aware of EC were sexually active. 37 (30.3%) of the sexually active female respondents had used EC. This puts EC uptake among the female respondents at 8.1%. This study shows that there is a need to improve on the knowledge of the respondents about emergency contraception. This may increase the uptake of emergency contraception when indicated.
Enforcement of forest regulations on selling forestlands that have lost their forest character in Türkiye: a study of Kızılcahamam district in Ankara province
Authors: S¸en Adem , Tanrıvermis¸ Harun , Ahsan Md Moynul
Published: January 2025

This article outlines the enforcement of forest regulations on selling status-changed forestlands in Türkiye as a country perspective, Ankara as a province perspective and Kızılcahamam as a district perspective. Based on secondary surveys and research, it is found that Article 6 of Law No 6292 allows the sale of the so-called ‘2/B lands’ (Article 2 Clause B of Law No 6831) and that there have been 6,522 sales transactions in 2,957of real estate properties in 61 neighbourhoods in Kızılcahamam district, with approximately US$9.98 million collected as revenue from these transactions in 2020. Considering Türkiye and Ankara province in general, and Kızılcahamam district in particular, the result of selling forestland in Türkiye poses a somewhat similar picture on the selling of lands that have lost their forest character. It has been observed that Kızılcahamam district is facing significant challenges due to urbanization and profit-oriented real estate development and that the law fails to solve the problem of 2/B qualified properties. It has been determined that the application of Law No 6292, which was enacted on social and economic grounds for both the government and local beneficiaries, seems insufficient to meet the desired goal. In conclusion, it is recommended that reform of 2/B regulation is needed to achieve sustainable forestry and urbanization in Türkiye.
Towards a Lex Metaversi? The law applicable to virtual real estate in the metaverse
Authors: Rodríguez Ana Mercedes López
Published: January 2025

Recently, substantial investments in strategically located virtual lands and buildings within the metaverse have been garnering significant attention. The regulatory framework governing these investments lacks clarity and traditional choice of law rules encounter challenges related to decentralized ownership of virtual real estate and complex digital frameworks. This article explores the concept of virtual real estate and discusses the limitations of applying choice of law rules to resolve conflicts concerning land in the metaverse. It advocates for the use of ‘voie directe’ methods to effectively address these challenges – an approach that could ultimately contribute to the development of a Lex Metaversi, an evolving set of rules specifically tailored to the dynamics of the metaverse.
Aportaciones al estudio del mobiliario en hierro de época medieval: candelabros de corona documentados en las fuentes escritas e iconográficas.
Authors: Amenós Luisa
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo profundiza en la secuencia histórica de los candelabros góticos del tipo denominado “de corona”, a partir de dos piezas conservadas en el Museo Cau Ferrat de Sitges y el Museo de Historia de Barcelona, respectivamente.Gracias a los escudos heráldicos aplicados en uno de ellos y a la procedencia conocida del otro, ha sido posible seguir su rastro en las fuentes escritas y demostrar, gracias a los paralelos iconográficos, que los candelabros de corona fueron una tipología vigente desde las primeras décadas del siglo XV hasta fines de esta misma centuria o inicios de la siguiente. Confirma esta última fecha la heráldica de otra pareja de candelabros conservada también en el Museo Cau Ferrat de Sitges.
Vidrio y arquitectura: el apogeo del vitral en la Buenos Aires de principios del siglo XX
Authors: Chiesa Pablo
Published: January 2025

Entre finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, factores tecnológicos, políticos y económicos promovieron la importación y formación de talleres de vitrales en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Este artículo analiza la evolución del mercado y el uso del vidrio artístico en la arquitectura pública y privada, definiendo sus características proyectuales, simbólicas y estéticas adoptadas en cuatro edificios singulares.