bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mantle plume capture, anchoring, and outflow during Galápagos plume‐ridge interaction
Authors: Gibson S. A. , Geist D. J. , Richards M. A.
Published: April 2015

Compositions of basalts erupted between the main zone of Galápagos plume upwelling and adjacent Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC) provide important constraints on dynamic processes involved in transfer of deep‐mantle‐sourced material to mid‐ocean ridges. We examine recent basalts from central and northeast Galápagos including some that have less radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions than plume‐influenced basalts (E‐MORB) from the nearby ridge. We show that the location of E‐MORB, greatest crustal thickness, and elevated topography on the GSC correlates with a confined zone of low‐velocity, high‐temperature mantle connecting the plume stem and ridge at depths of ∼100 km. At this site on the ridge, plume‐driven upwelling involving deep melting of partially dehydrated, recycled ancient oceanic crust, plus plate‐limited shallow melting of anhydrous peridotite, generate E‐MORB and larger amounts of melt than elsewhere on the GSC. The first‐order control on plume stem to ridge flow is rheological rather than gravitational, and strongly influenced by flow regimes initiated when the plume was on axis (>5 Ma). During subsequent northeast ridge migration material upwelling in the plume stem appears to have remained “anchored” to a contact point on the GSC. This deep, confined NE plume stem‐to‐ridge flow occurs via a network of melt channels, embedded within the normal spreading and advection of plume material beneath the Nazca plate, and coincides with locations of historic volcanism. Our observations require a more dynamically complex model than proposed by most studies, which rely on radial solid‐state outflow of heterogeneous plume material to the ridge.
A simple and efficient 2N2O–Cu(II) complex as a catalyst for N‐arylation of imidazoles in water
Authors: Liu Yashuai , Gu Ningning , Liu Ping , Xie Jianwei , Dai Bin , Liu Yan
Published: April 2015

Four inexpensive and air‐ and moisture‐stable 2N2O–Cu complexes were synthesized, one of which proved to exhibit good catalytic activity for the N‐arylation of imidazoles in water. A variety of aryl iodides and aryl bromides underwent coupling with imidazoles promoted by the catalytic system with moderate to excellent yields. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced glutathione production by evolutionary engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Patzschke Anett , Steiger Matthias G. , Holz Caterina , Lang Christine , Mattanovich Diethard , Sauer Michael
Published: April 2015

Glutathione is an important natural tripeptide mainly used because of its antioxidative properties. Commercial glutathione is microbially synthesized by yeasts and the growing demand requires the development of new production strains. An adaptive laboratory evolution strategy using acrolein as a selection agent was employed to obtain strains with an enhanced glutathione accumulation phenotype accompanied by an acrolein resistance phenotype. Two particularly interesting isolates were obtained: one with a high volumetric productivity for glutathione reaching 8.3 mgglutathione/L h, which is twice as high as the volumetric productivity of its parental strain. This strain reached an elevated intracellular glutathione content of 3.9%. A second isolate with an even higher acrolein tolerance exhibited a lower volumetric productivity of 5.8 mgglutathione/L h due to a growth phenotype. However, this evolved strain accumulated glutathione in 3.3‐fold higher concentration compared to its parental strain and reached a particularly high glutathione content of almost 6%. The presented results demonstrate that acrolein is a powerful selection agent to obtain high glutathione accumulation strains in an adaptive laboratory evolution experiment.
Modulating secretory pathway pH by proton channel co‐expression can increase recombinant protein stability in plants
Authors: Jutras Philippe V. , D'Aoust Marc‐André , Couture Manon M.‐J. , Vézina Louis‐Philippe , Goulet Marie‐Claire , Michaud Dominique , Sainsbury Frank
Published: April 2015

Eukaryotic expression systems are used for the production of complex secreted proteins. However, recombinant proteins face considerable biochemical challenges along the secretory pathway, including proteolysis and pH variation between organelles. As the use of synthetic biology matures into solutions for protein production, various host‐cell engineering approaches are being developed to ameliorate host‐cell factors that can limit recombinant protein quality and yield. We report the potential of the influenza M2 ion channel as a novel tool to neutralize the pH in acidic subcellular compartments. Using transient expression in the plant host, Nicotiana benthamiana, we show that ion channel expression can significantly raise pH in the Golgi apparatus and that this can have a strong stabilizing effect on a fusion protein separated by an acid‐susceptible linker peptide. We exemplify the utility of this effect in recombinant protein production using influenza hemagglutinin subtypes differentially stable at low pH; the expression of hemagglutinins prone to conformational change in mildly acidic conditions is considerably enhanced by M2 co‐expression. The co‐expression of a heterologous ion channel to stabilize acid‐labile proteins and peptides represents a novel approach to increasing the yield and quality of secreted recombinant proteins in plants and, possibly, in other eukaryotic expression hosts.
Receptor occupancy and blocking of STAT5 signaling by an anti‐IL‐7 receptor α antibody in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Kern Brent , Li Wenlin , Bono Christine , Lee Li‐Fen , Kraynov Eugenia
Published: April 2015

Background

Interleukin‐7 receptor α (IL‐7Rα) is associated with autoimmune disease. Blocking its activation by interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) with a therapeutic monoclonal antibody may reduce pathogenic T cells and effectively control the autoimmune response in these disorders.

Methods

Two flow cytometry‐based assays were developed and implemented to evaluate the interaction between cell surface IL‐7Rα and an anti‐IL‐7Rα monoclonal antibody (Ab1). The receptor occupancy assay utilized competing and noncompeting commercial detection antibodies for “free” and “total” IL‐7Rα, respectively. STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) was measured as a proximal biomarker of IL‐7Rα inhibition by Ab1.

Results

Monkeys administered Ab1 had no free IL‐7Rα detectable on the CD3+ T cell surface at 0.25 hours postdose through day 4, in all treatment groups. Ab1 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in total IL‐7Rα, dropping to 53%, 44%, and 55% on day 4 at 0.3, 3, and 30 mg/kg, respectively, compared to predose levels. There were treatment‐related decreases in the ability of IL‐7 to induce STAT5 phosphorylation in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in monkey blood samples from all treated animals from 0.25 hours through Day 4 postdose.

Conclusions

The nonclinical receptor occupancy assay was developed and applied to detect free and total IL‐7Rα on the surface of CD3+ T cells in cynomolgus monkeys treated with Ab1. The results showed good correlation with the phosphorylation of STAT5 and serum concentration of Ab1. The approach for IL‐7Rα occupancy and pSTAT5 measurements established in monkeys can be utilized in clinical trials for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of Ab1 effect in humans. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
The Host – Guest Interaction Between Cucurbit[7]uril and Ferrocenemonocarboxylic Acid for Electrochemically Catalytic Determination of Glucose
Authors: Tang Yani , Yang Shuai , Zhao Yingying , You Min , Zhang Fan , He Pingang
Published: April 2015

A simple and sensitive method for glucose determination was described based on the host‐guest inclusive complex of cucurbit[7]uril and ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid. In this work, the mixture of cucurbit[7]uril and graphene oxide, ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid as electron transfer mediator and glucose oxidase as catalytic material were modified successively on the electrode. Under the optimized conditions, a linear response between current intensity and glucose concentrations over a range of 0.1–10 mM was obtained with a relatively low detection limit (27 µM, S/N=3). Meanwhile, this method exhibited high selectivity in the interference investigation, and the reliability and applicability in human serum samples analysis.
Cold water fish gelatin modification by a natural phenolic cross‐linker (ferulic acid and caffeic acid)
Authors: Araghi Maryam , Moslehi Zeinab , Mohammadi Nafchi Abdorreza , Mostahsan Amir , Salamat Nima , Daraei Garmakhany Amir
Published: April 2015

Nowadays use of edible films and coatings is increasing due to their biodegradability and environment friendly properties. Fish gelatin obtained from fish skin wastage can be used as an appropriate protein compound for replacing pork gelatin to produce edible film. In this study films were prepared by combination of fish gelatin and different concentration (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) of two phenolic compounds (caffeic acid and ferulic acid). The film was prepared at pH > 10 and temperature of 60˚c under continuous injection of O2 and addition of the plasticizer sorbitol/glycerol. Results showed that solubility, oxygen permeability, and water vapor permeability were decreased for caffeic acid and the highest effect was observed at concentration of 5%. Solubility had a linear relationship with concentration of phenolic compound in film containing ferulic acid, however, no significant change was observed in vapor and O2 permeability. A comparison between two phenolic compounds showed that caffeic acid had the highest effect in decreasing solubility, water vapor permeability, and oxygen permeability. Caffeic acid is more effective phenolic compound compared with Ferulic acid that can increase safety of biodegradable packaging by improving their barrier and physicochemical properties.
Efficient data‐worth analysis for the selection of surveillance operation in a geologic CO2 sequestration system
Authors: Dai Cheng , Li Heng , Zhang Dongxiao , Xue Liang
Published: April 2015

In this study, we propose an approach to selecting an appropriate surveillance operation in a geologic CO2 sequestration, through efficient data‐worth analysis with the probabilistic collocation‐based Kalman Filter (PCKF). A surrogate model with polynomial chaos expansion is constructed by performing a small number of flow simulations, based on which history‐matching is implemented with the observations from the surveillance operations. The proposed approach is demonstrated numerically for selecting a surveillance operation and assessing the reduction of uncertainties in predicting CO2 leakage from abandoned wells during geologic CO2 sequestration. Our results reveal that the proposed approach of data‐worth analysis can be utilized to select an appropriate surveillance operation in a geologic CO2 system, with a small computational effort.© 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
On the mobilization of metals by CO2 leakage into shallow aquifers: exploring release mechanisms by modeling field and laboratory experiments
Authors: Zheng Liange , Spycher Nicolas , Varadharajan Charuleka , Tinnacher Ruth M. , Pugh John D. , Bianchi Marco , Birkholzer Jens , Nico Peter S. , Trautz Robert C.
Published: April 2015

The dissolution of CO2 in water leads to a pH decrease and a carbonate content increase in affected groundwater, which in turn can drive the mobilization of metals from sediments. The mechanisms of metal release postulated in various field and laboratory studies often differ. Drawing primarily on previously published results, we examine contrasting metal mobilization behaviors at two field tests and in one laboratory study, to investigate whether the same mechanisms could explain metal releases in these different experiments. Numerical modeling of the two field tests reveals that fast Ca‐driven cation exchange (from calcite dissolution) can explain the release of most major and trace metal cations at both sites, and their parallel concentration trends. The dissolution of other minerals reacting more slowly (superimposed on cation exchange) also contributes to metal release over longer time frames, but can be masked by fast ambient groundwater velocities. Therefore, the magnitude and extent of mobilization depends not only on metal‐mineral associations and sediment pH buffering characteristics, but also on groundwater flow rates, thus on the residence time of CO2‐impacted groundwater relative to the rates of metal‐release reactions. Sequential leaching laboratory tests modeled using the same metal‐release concept as postulated from field experiments show that both field and laboratory data can be explained by the same processes. The reversibility of metal release upon CO2 degassing by de‐pressurization is also explored using simple geochemical models, and shows that the sequestration of metals by resorption and re‐precipitation upon CO2 exsolution is quite plausible and may warrant further attention. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental isotopes in CO2 geological sequestration
Authors: Li Jie , Pang Zhonghe
Published: April 2015

Carbon dioxide capture and sequestration (CCS) in deep geological formations has recently emerged as an important option for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and due to the complexity of the issue, CCS has turned into a multiple‐discipline research area. Environmental isotopes have been used in various CCS projects worldwide for evaluating trapping mechanisms, selecting storage sites, and monitoring for storage safety. Environmental isotopes are found useful in the investigation of many CCS issues and are particularly effective in identifying phase states (free, dissolved, and mineral state), and in quantifying structural, solubility, and mineral trapping forms of CO2. We used published laboratory results to successfully verify different methods for quantifying structural trapping mechanisms. Our results show that, in short time scales, saturation of the formation with free CO2‐phase can be obtained from oxygen isotope measurements on CO2 and/or reservoir brine, and carbon isotope of dissolved inorganic carbon can be used to trace dissolution in brine. Carbon isotopes and other parameters, such as CO2/3He ratio, can also be used to confirm the mineral trapping mechanism in natural gas fields. Environmental isotopes can also be used to distinguish mineralogical composition of formations, and to identify hydrodynamic conditions for site selection in addition to monitor potential CO2 leakage. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
S100A14 is a novel independent prognostic biomarker in the triple‐negative breast cancer subtype
Authors: Ehmsen Sidse , Hansen Lea Tykgaard , Bak Martin , Brasch‐Andersen Charlotte , Ditzel Henrik J , Leth‐Larsen Rikke
Published: April 2015

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a heterogeneous subgroup with generally poor outcome and lack of an effective targeted therapy. Prognostic or predictive biomarkers to guide treatment decisions for this group of patients are needed. To evaluate the potential of S100A14 protein as a novel biomarker in TNBC, the protein expression of S100A14 was correlated with clinical outcomes in a Pilot Sample set and a Danish cohort of predominantly TNBC patients. Kaplan‐Meier analysis identified a prognostic impact of S100A14 on disease‐free survival and overall survival, showing that tumors with high S100A14 protein expression levels were significantly correlated with poor outcome in TNBC patients (p = 0.017; p = 0.038), particularly those in the basal‐like subgroup (p = 0.006; p = 0.037). Importantly, TNBC patients with high S100A14 expression, but tumor‐negative axillary lymph nodes (N−), had equally poor outcomes as those with tumor‐positive axillary lymph nodes (N+), while TNBC/N− patients with low S100A14 expression had a significantly better disease free survival (p = 0.013). Multivariate analysis revealed that S100A14 is an independent prognostic factor for TNBC patients (p = 0.024; p = 0.05). At the cellular level, S100A14 was found to be expressed in epithelial‐like, but not in mesenchymal‐like, TNBC cells in vitro. S100A14 is an independent prognostic factor in TNBC and a novel potential therapeutic target in TNBC.
Overview of the PV Industry and R&D Strategies in Korea at the 2nd Growth Stage
Authors: Son Chang‐Sik , Moon Hyun‐Ju , Ahn Namsung
Published: April 2015

Photovoltaics (PV) is the most renowned sustainable energy source in the world. Grid parity has already been realized in some countries in the EU and North America. The annual global PV installation reached 37 GW in 2013, showing a growth rate of 35 %. Even after the period of worldwide liquidation in the PV industry, the annual growth rate of the PV market is expected to exceed 20 %. Not only the EU countries, the conventional early birds in the PV field, but also the countries in the Sunbelt area could join and revitalize the market. The megatrend regarding the PV industry and market can be examined from the perspective of society, culture, economy, technology, environment, system, and policy. Development aspects in the PV industry can be categorized according to the stages of significant changes in technology, industry, and market. Photovoltaics 3.0 indicates that the 2nd growth stage will soon unfold full‐fledged market growth. The PV industry is the core of renewable energy (RE) industry in Korea, which accounts for 73 %, 80 %, and 90 % attribution to employment, sales, and exports, respectively, of the total amount of the RE industry. The PV R&D strategies in Korea put emphasis on the consolidation of the competitive domestic PV technologies, and the expansion of the domestic supply, through: improvement of technical competitiveness and cost reduction in system installation and generation; the creation of new markets through enhancement of commercialized key elemental technologies; the nurturing of the global hidden PV champions through promotion of the healthy ecology of the PV industry; and development of competitive technologies of components, materials, and equipment. To lead the quantum leap of the PV industry, as an act against the future market, we would advance key elemental technologies of next‐generation solar cells and exploit PV fusion systems.
[DBU‐H]+ and H2o as effective catalyst form for 2,3‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones: A DFT Study
Authors: Yuan Haiyan , Zhang Jingping
Published: April 2015

DFT investigations are carried out to explore the effective catalyst forms of DBU and H2O and the mechanism for the formation of 2,3‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]‐pyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones. Three main pathways are disclosed under unassisted, water‐catalyzed, DBU and water cocatalyzed conditions, which involves concerted nucleophilic addition and H‐transfer, concerted intramolecular cyclization and H‐transfer, and Dimroth rearrangement to form the product. The results indicated that the DBU and water cocatalyzed pathway is the most favored one as compared to the rest two pathways. The water donates one H to DBU and accepts H from 2‐amino‐nicotinonitrile (1), forming [DBU‐H]+‐H2O as effective catalyst form in the proton migration transition state rather than [DBU‐H]+‐OH−. The hydrogen bond between [DBU‐H]+···H2O···1− decreases the activation barrier of the rate‐determining step. Our calculated results open a new insight for the green catalyst model of DBU‐H2O. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of dietary oat proteins on cholesterol metabolism of hypercholesterolaemic hamsters
Authors: Tong Li‐Tao , Guo Lina , Zhou Xianrong , Qiu Ju , Liu Liya , Zhong Kui , Zhou Sumei
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND

The aim of present study was to investigate the hypocholesterolaemic effects of oat proteins (OP) in hamsters fed with a hypercholesterolaemic diet. The hamsters were divided into five groups and fed with the experimental diets containing oat, OP, oat β‐glucan (OG), or OP+OG for 30 days.

RESULTS

OP and the OG significantly lowered the concentrations of plasma low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and liver total cholesterol (TC), and increased the excretion of faecal bile acid and TC. Plasma and liver TC in the OP+OG group were significantly lower than those in the OP or OG groups. Both OP and OG increased the activity of liver cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1), while its activity in the OP+OG group was strongly increased compared with the OP or OG groups.

CONCLUSION

These results indicated that dietary OP could improve hypercholesterolaemia, while dietary OP and OG together would have better hypocholesterolaemic effects. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Separation and purification of five alkaloids from Aconitum duclouxii by counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Wang Yarong , Cai Shining , Chen Yang , Deng Liang , Zhou Xumei , Liu Jia , Xu Xin , Xia Qiang , Lin Mao , Zhang Jili , Huang Weili , Wang Wenjun , Xiang Canhui , Cui Guozhen , Du Lianfeng , He Huan , Qi Baohui
Published: April 2015

C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids are the main components of Aconitum duclouxii Levl. The process of separation and purification of these compounds in previous studies was tedious and time consuming, requiring multiple chromatographic steps, thus resulted in low recovery and high cost. In the present work, five C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids, namely, benzoylaconine (1), N‐deethylaconitine (2), aconitine (3), deoxyaconitine (4), and ducloudine A (5), were efficiently prepared from A. duclouxii Levl (Aconitum L.) by ethyl acetate extraction followed with counter‐current chromatography. In the process of separation, the critical conditions of counter‐current chromatography were optimized. The two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water/NH3·H2O (25%) (1:1:1:1:0.1, v/v) was selected and 148.2 mg of 1, 24.1 mg of 2, 250.6 mg of 3, 73.9 mg of 4, and 31.4 mg of 5 were obtained from 1 g total Aconitum alkaloids extract, respectively, in a single run within 4 h. Their purities were found to be 98.4, 97.2, 98.2, 96.8, and 96.6%, respectively, by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography analysis. The presented separation and purification method was simple, fast, and efficient, and the obtained highly pure alkaloids are suitable for biochemical and toxicological investigation.
Informational and media failures and potential successes
Authors: Budd John M. , Ma Lai , Day Ronald E. , Stevenson Siobhan
Published: April 2015

There are numerous situations in which people depend upon reliable reportage and information exchange. In many of the instances media and informational sources fail to inform—to give shape to—opinion and belief. The panelists present some of the ways those failures occur and they urge the audience to join in the quest for alternatives that can lead to successful informing that can contribute to democracy and the public good.
Libraries, archives, and museums: Connecting educational communities and cultures
Authors: Urban Richard J. , Coleman Laura‐Edythe , Marty Paul F.
Published: April 2015

The convergence of libraries, archives, and museums (LAM) presents critical challenges to professional education. This panel introduces early results of a survey that explores the formal and informal relationships among LIS, archival studies, and museum studies programs. These results will serve as a starting point for a discussion about the qualitative dimensions of these relationships and how they present opportunities and challenges for students, faculty, and the field of LAM education.
Resistance and possibility: Rethinking the concept of subject access from queer theoretical perspectives
Authors: Adler Melissa , Campbell D. Grant , Keilty Patrick
Published: April 2015

This session will use queer theory to raise important questions about the role of information science in relation to queer communities. Using examples taken from both literary and popular culture, the session will look at the practices of classification in information systems, and how those practices, even when they attempt to facilitate access to resources for LGBTQ communities, ignore disjunctions and distortions that, far from being a barrier to access, form a fundamental aspect of queer expression.
Informetrics, bibliometrics, altmetrics: What is it all about?
Authors: Peters Isabella , Bar‐Ilan Judit
Published: April 2015

The aim of this SIG/MET‐sponsored panel is to discuss major informetric topics including the impact factor, the h‐index, sources of citation data, the Eigenfactor, the making and use of base maps of science, application of informetrics (e.g., for retrieval purposes), altmetrics, and future perspectives on bibliometrics. The panel especially addresses attendees who want to expand their knowledge in this area or got in touch with it only recently.
Putting research data into context: Scholarly, professional, and educational approaches to curating data for reuse
Authors: Faniel Ixchel M. , Minor David , Palmer Carole L.
Published: April 2015

In this panel session we will discuss approaches to data curation for data reuse, with particular emphasis on the contextual information needed for reuse. We invite three panelists to present perspectives from communities that are 1) conducting scholarly research in the area of data reuse, 2) performing data curation and preservation work, and 3) educating information professionals. Given the shared interests among the three communities, one of the major objectives of the panel session is to deepen the engagement and connection among these groups. We have planned interaction with the audience to integrate the panelists’ different perspectives and approaches, outline common objectives, and explore ways we might create a common agenda in the area of data curation for data reuse.
Filmmaker showcase: Film as an information medium: Connecting cultures and communities
Authors: Hersberger Julie , O'Connor Brian , Meyers Eric , Newell Bryce
Published: April 2015

The panel will be structured as a modified film festival format, including the presentation of four short films produced by presenting scholars. Each panelist will be given a total of 15 minutes to showcase a film (or portion of a film) designed or produced in collaboration with relevant communities and stakeholder groups. These films and panelists were selected to represent diverse approaches to both filmmaking as an information medium and to the conference theme of community and culture.

Following the screening of each of the films, the rest of the session will be devoted to an interactive discussion with the audience on: a) film as an information medium, b) the role of visual research methods in LIS, and c) how film fits in with professional and academic outcomes.
Responding to emerging data workforce demand: Harnessing data center expertise
Authors: Palmer Carole L. , Thompson Cheryl A. , Tenopir Carol , Allard Suzie , Mayernik Matthew S. , Kreft James (Jim)
Published: April 2015

As demand for data expertise intensifies, educators are developing new programs to prepare professionals for emerging roles in data systems and services. They are challenged, however, by not knowing enough about evolving workforce needs and the state‐of‐the‐art and emerging best practices at the forefront of the field. This interactive panel will report on recent studies on workforce demand and educational strategies that are meeting that demand through academic programs built in partnership with established data centers. This panel will offer insights from both LIS educators and practicing professionals in data centers, on building collaborations to develop curriculum and field experiences for students.
An evaluation framework for outcome and impact measures
Authors: Gainor Rhiannon , Bouthillier France
Published: April 2015

Competitive intelligence (CI) measurement practices within organizations remain fragmentary and elusive, although prescriptive CI performance and impact measures have been proposed in the literature. This study responds to calls for research into CI measurement in order to examine why organizations fail to measure CI, and to develop an evaluation framework for prescriptive measures that would support the evolution of best practices in measurement. A qualitative study (the ‘users study') consisting of interviews and shared negotiated texts with 12 users of CI was conducted. Study participants were senior managers and executives who use CI in the course of their work responsibilities at their respective individual organizations. Participants indicated that measurement cost, confused conceptualizations of CI measurement, and skepticism regarding the informativeness of measurement were obstacles to the implementation of CI measurement within their organizations. Although few participants conduct measurement activities, participants were all able to describe the ideal characteristics of CI outcome and impact measures. That list is here combined with the findings of an earlier study (the ‘experts study') conducted by the authors (Gainor & Bouthillier, ), in order to develop the evaluation framework provided here. This study provides a rare account of CI user perspectives on the rationale behind the lack of CI measurement within organizations, and a unique tool, the evaluation framework, which may be used to support both research and training within the field of CI.
High Performance Sound Technologies for Access and Scholarship (HiPSTAS) in the Digital Humanities
Authors: Clement Tanya E. , Tcheng David , Auvil Loretta , Borries Tony
Published: April 2015

Currently there are few means for humanists interested in accessing and analyzing spoken word audio collections to use and to understand how to use advanced technologies for analyzing sound. The HiPSTAS (High Performance Sound Technologies for Access and Scholarship) project introduces humanists to ARLO (Adaptive Recognition with Layered Optimization), software that has been developed to perform spectral visualization, matching, classification and clustering on large sound collections. As this paper will address, this project has yielded three significant results for developing tools that facilitate machine learning with spoken word collections of keen interest to the humanities: (1) an assessment of user requirements; (2) an assessment of technological infrastructure needed to support a community tool; and (3) preliminary experiments using these advanced resources that show the efficacy, both in terms of user needs and computational resources required, of using machine learning tools to improve discovery with unprocessed audio collections.
Information technology, change and information professionals’ identity construction: A discourse analysis
Authors: Hicks Deborah
Published: April 2015

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are often identified by librarians and information professionals as being a driving force behind the way they perform their day‐to‐day activities and how they interact with their clients. This study considers the role ICTs play in the shaping and constructing of the identities of librarians. Using data gathered from interviews, email discussion lists, and the professional literature, this study employed a discourse analysis to examine the language resources librarians use when constructing their professional identities, with particular attention to the role of ICTs in this construction. ICTs both challenged and enhanced the identities of librarians. While the changes related to ICTs have left librarians feeling insecure about their professional positions, they have also opened up new roles and opportunities for librarians to pursue. Librarians have a service‐oriented identity that is influenced by ICT‐related changes affecting their work. These changes will challenge and benefit librarians as they engage with ICTs and determine how, if at all, they can be incorporated into their day‐to‐day practice.
Cross‐cultural quality comparison of online health information for elderly care on yahoo! answers
Authors: Wendy Nga Man Wong , Samuel Kai Wah Chu , Hong Huang , Miu Yan Hung
Published: April 2015

Given the increase in global aging population, popularity of social Q&A sites and the level of geriatric health concerns from family caregivers, it raises the uncertainty about the quality of health information on community Q&A sites for family caregivers of elderly. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of geriatric health information on social Questions and Answers (Q&A) sites: Yahoo! Answers from registered nurses’ perspective. A total of 60 question‐and‐answer sets are retrieved from regional Yahoo! Answers sites, including Australia, Canada, UK & Ireland, US, Hong Kong, Mainland China and Taiwan. A total of 126 English answers and 112 Chinese answers were examined by registered nurses and library professionals. Results show that the overall information quality provided in the Chinese group is relatively poorer than those of English especially in information quality dimensions such as Verifiability, Commercialisation and Completeness. Questioners form both the English and Chinese groups might possibly miss the best pieces of information and advices regarding the health concerns of their elderly family members since about 40% of the best answers they selected did not match health professionals’ picks.
For the love of information: Motivations and affective dynamics of surfing the web for pleasure
Authors: Matni Ziad , Shah Chirag
Published: April 2015

The World Wide Web (the Web) is ubiquitous in people's lives today and is used on a daily basis to get information on a variety of topics. While information seeking behavior has been studied extensively in a Web setting, many of these studies assume a task‐oriented search for information even though much of the information seeking on the Web is not necessarily done with previously stated information needs or goals. Some Web information seeking activity is done for purposes of entertainment, or for simply connecting with other people (for example, via social media websites), oftentimes with an unstructured, serendipitous approach. Information seeking in general, and information acquisition, in particular, is a pleasurable activity in and of itself. Surfing the Web for pleasure is a prominent activity and worthy of our attention as researchers. To do so, we need an appropriate framework. This paper borrows ideas from a social‐cognitive approach to the uses and gratifications paradigm in order to investigate the suitability of that framework in a Web information access setting. More specifically, we use the answers from questions we asked to 180 survey respondents about their motivations for surfing the Web for pleasure and their affective states during and after their surfing sessions. The findings indicate that the social‐cognitive approach to uses and gratifications is a useful baseline. We make enhancements to it and propose our own framework for research in this area. We present data to bolster the notion that the seeking and acquisition of information brings pleasure and we propose a framework to study user motivations and affective states both during and after their “surfing the Web for pleasure” sessions.
An investigation of the effects of awareness and task orientation on collaborative search
Authors: Chen Annie T. , Capra Robert , Wu Wan‐Ching
Published: April 2015

Collaborative search is concerned with how people work together to address a common information need. In this paper, we investigate two factors that may influence collaborative search behaviors: providing awareness information about collaborators’ prior activities, and the orientation of the shared task. For awareness, we examined two levels: an aware condition in which participants could see their collaborators’ prior activity in the system, and a non‐aware condition in which they could only see their own history. For orientation, we investigated a task with an open set of goals compared to a recall‐oriented task that asked participants to find as many relevant documents as possible. Forty‐one participants in a laboratory study used a prototype system called ResultsSpace to complete an asynchronous collaborative search task with three simulated collaborators. We developed a novel set of measures for examining collaborative behavior, and found that participants who were aware of their collaborators’ prior actions issued more query terms in common with their collaborators and tended to avoid rating or viewing documents that collaborators had already rated as compared to the non‐aware group. We also observed an interaction between awareness and task‐orientation in terms of the number of unique documents found, suggesting that task orientation could change the direction of the effect of awareness on document space exploration.
A better place? Factors in community assessment for parents of children with Down syndrome
Authors: Gibson Amelia N.
Published: April 2015

Information seeking often occurs in groups and communities, and these communities differ in ways that impact their usefulness to their members. This study uses grounded theory and information horizons mapping to explore information seeking and sharing in two place‐based communities in Florida, addressing factors associated with participants’ evaluations of their local communities of support. These factors provide insight into parents’ expectations of their information worlds and expectations related to information behaviors of actors within their local information environments. The study finds similar stakeholder groups similar expressions of the belief that some communities were “better” than others for raising children with Down syndrome in both areas, but varying evaluations of their own communities based on personal experiences. Participants agreed on the following factors as important indicators of a strong local community of support: existence and activities of local parent networks and organizations, access to quality education and health care, full inclusion in regular education when desired, social inclusion of their children into the community at large, and employability for adults with Down syndrome.
The phylogeny of a dataset
Authors: Thomer Andrea K. , Weber Nicholas M.
Published: April 2015

The field of evolutionary biology offers many approaches to study the changes that occur between and within generations of species; these methods have recently been adopted by cultural anthropologists, linguists and archaeologists to study the evolution of physical artifacts. In this paper, we further extend these approaches by using phylogenetic methods to model and visualize the evolution of a long‐standing, widely used digital dataset in climate science.

Our case study shows that clustering algorithms developed specifically for phylogenetic studies in evolutionary biology can be successfully adapted to the study of digital objects, and their known offspring. Although we note a number of limitations with our initial effort, we argue that a quantitative approach to studying how digital objects evolve, are reused, and spawn new digital objects represents an important direction for the future of Information Science.
Citation role labeling via local, pairwise, and global features
Authors: Guo Chun , Yu Yingying , Sanjari Azade , Liu Xiaozhong
Published: April 2015

The citation relationship between scientific publications has been successfully used for bibliometrics, information retrieval and data mining tasks, and citation‐based recommendation algorithms are well documented. While previous studies investigated citation relationships from various viewpoints, most of them share the same assumption that, if paper1 cites paper2 (or author1 cites author2), they are connected, regardless of citation importance, sentiment, reason, topic, or motivation. However, this assumption is oversimplified. In this study, we propose a novel method to automatically label the massive citations in the scientific repository with different roles, a.k.a. citation role labeling. Unlike earlier studies, we employ pairwise features (similarity between citing and cited paper) and global features (citing and cited paper proximity on the heterogeneous graph), in addition to local features (information extracted solely from the citing paper, e.g. citation textual context). Evaluation result shows pairwise and global features, if properly used, can be very helpful to enhance the citation role labeling performance, especially when full‐text data is not readily available.
She makes me brave: The emergence of intimacy in gameplay
Authors: Freeman Guo Zhang
Published: April 2015

This paper investigates the complex relationship between intimacy and play, and offers an empirical analysis of how intimacy emerges in a playful digital environment (i.e., Audition). Audition is a non‐violent, non‐fantasy dance battle Multiplayer Online Game (MOG) that has many Asian and female players, and provides a sophisticated in‐game marriage system. Based on players’ self‐reports posted on public online forums and in‐depth interview data from 35 Audition players, this study shows that Audition marriage is more than a playful game feature for many players. Instead, players experience genuine, meaningful intimate relationships there, and consider their in‐game marriage an emergent learning process to satisfy their social and emotional needs. This study contributes to understanding interpersonal dynamics forged around technological objects in digital environments, which is important for designing Intimate (Ubiquitous) Computing and the next generation of ICTs.
Author gender metadata augmentation of hathitrust digital library
Authors: Peng Zong , Chen Miao , Kowalczyk Stacy , Plale Beth
Published: April 2015

Bibliographic metadata is essential for digital library resource description. Especially as the size and number of bibliographic entities grows, high‐quality metadata enables richer forms of digital library access, search, and use. Metadata records can be enriched through automated techniques. For example, a digital humanities scholar might use the gender of a set of authors during their literature analysis. In this study, we undertook to enrich the metadata description of a large‐scale digital library, the HathiTrust (HT) digital library, specifically by determining the gender of authors of the public domain portion of the collection. The results are stored to a separate Solr index accessible through the HathiTrust Research Center services. This study, which successfully resolved in 78.9% of the cases the gender of authors in the HT public domain corpus, suggests future research directions in capturing and representing the provenance of the contributing sources to enhance trust, and in machine learning to resolve the remaining names.
The jenny mccarthy conundrum: Public libraries, popular culture, and health misinformation
Authors: Flaherty Mary Grace , Tayag Elnora Kelly , Lanier Meaghan , Minor Jennie
Published: April 2015

Throughout the United States, public libraries are important resources for all types of information and serve a variety of information needs. One of these areas is health information provision; in fact, public libraries were widely identified as institutions providing support for patrons with questions on the Affordable Care Act. Yet, not all public libraries are equipped to provide this type of support. Moreover, there seems to be an inherent tension between collecting popular literature that may provide dangerous misinformation with regard to health and access to high quality, authoritative resources. Collection development tools and policies aren't standardized across libraries, and often staff are not trained to provide health information. Researchers visited randomly selected public libraries in three eastern U.S. states and posing as a patron asked: do vaccines cause autism. Public library staff referred to print materials to answer the question in half of all visits; 69% of the time, the print resource did not provide a credible answer. The sometimes conflicting roles of popular literature provider and authoritative health information provider have implications for library practice, public health and provision of high quality health information in communities throughout the nation.
A proposed scale for measuring the quality of social media services: An E‐S‐QUAL approach
Authors: Kim Hae Min , Nitecki Danuta A.
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study is to modify a scale to evaluate the service quality of libraries’ social media. Libraries have adopted social media services to interact with their users and share information. However, we know little about how the users perceive the quality of social media services. There are no criteria or tools that have been developed for assessing the service quality of non‐profit institutions’ use of social media from a user perspective. To address the gap, this study adopted the E‐S‐QUAL instrument developed by Parasuraman et al. () and modified it through a focus group interview for libraries’ application. Four dimensions and two endogenous constructs were modified to reflect three features: online information processing, information services by libraries, and social media as platforms. This modified scale will be used in research to test its applicability to measure user‐perceived service quality of library social media services. The results of this study will be of interest to researchers seeking to develop service quality assessment instruments and useful to managers to enhance the value of the services.
Collaborative information seeking (CIS) behavior of LIS students and undergraduate students: An exploratory case study
Authors: Shahvar Shabnam Shirley , Tang Rong
Published: April 2015

This study investigates the collaborative information seeking (CIS) behavior among three different user groups: LIS students, undergraduates, and a mixture of LIS and undergraduate students. Each group consisted of a pair of participants. Out of 28 participants, 16 were graduate students of library and information science and 12 were undergraduates from different majors. Results of this case study revealed that undergraduate groups visited library website and library databases more frequently than other groups. They had the highest average frequency in reading an abstract or a full text article compared to two other groups. Undergraduate groups also held the highest success rate. Mixed groups had the highest frequency of verbal dialogue and spent the longest time on tasks. Most of the LIS student groups found search results faster and spent the shortest time on completing tasks and reading the abstract and full texts. Surprisingly, LIS groups had the lowest success rate among the three groups. Participants described the positive aspects of collaborative search as gaining greater search insights, good learning process, positive partnership and being more efficient with task completion. They also pointed out that collaboration drawbacks may include not having equal control/sharing of keyboard or mouse and other obstacles in the collaborative decision‐making process. Participants further provided suggestions on database and search engine design to facilitate the collaborative search process.
Interdisciplinarity patterns of highly‐cited papers: A cross‐disciplinary analysis
Authors: Chen Shiji , Gingras Yves , Arsenault Clément , Larivière Vincent
Published: April 2015

This study analyzes the level of interdisciplinarity and interspecialty of highly cited papers. We distinguish research referring to differentdisciplines(referred to as “interdisciplinarity”) and research referring to differentspecialtiesof the same discipline (referred to as “interspecialty”). The results indicate that: (1) interspecialty research, has a greater impact on science development than intradisciplinary (or intraspecialty) research for most specialties and disciplines; (2) interdisciplinary research plays a more important role in Natural Sciences and Engineering than in Social Sciences and Humanities; and (3) interdisciplinary research is becoming more important in science either at the specialty or discipline level.