bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NILAI PENDIDIKAN DALAM KESENIAN RENGKONG DI CIANJUR JAWA BARAT: KAJIAN ETNOPEDAGOGI
Authors: Ningsih D. Nurfajrin , Cysbya Erdlanda Febry Marindra
Published: February 2019

This research are to describe the strucures and the etnopedagogy values in the Renkong arts in Cianjur, West Java. This research used descriptive analytical method with qualitative approach. The data were obtained from observation and interview. Findings show : (1) in the structure Rengkong can be found the history of Rengkong, the stage of Rengkong activities, the background location of Rengkong, the performers, the show time, the dance, the music, the equipment and the costume. (2) the etnopedagogic values that exist in Rengkong are, six human morals (human moral to God, the human moral to himself, the human moral to human, moral to nature, the human moral to time, and the human moral to reach physical and spiritual peace), caturdiriinsani (rich knowledge, obedient to religion, cultured, and skilled); and also gapurapancawaluya (healthy, kind, right, smart, and active. The etnopedadogic values found are life , education, moral, religion , and social.
ANALISIS BUTIR SOAL ULANGAN AKHIR SEMESTER MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS XI
Authors: Agustiana Mega , Mayrita Hastari , Muchti Andina
Published: February 2019

The analysis uses SPSS Version 22 and Anates program version 4. Results study, (1)  quality of multiple choice questions is very difficult with 12 questions, difficult to number 25 items, the number is 6, and easy to 7. There are 3 questions, and 2 items are easy, (2) the quality of multiple choice questions is based on the distinguishing power, there are 32 items, the questions have enough differentiating power of 16 points, and items that have a negative differentiation are 2 questions; the description of the distinguishing power is quite 3 questions, and discriminating power is 2 questions, (3) quality of multiple choice questions is based on validity; valid 31 questions, 19 invalid questions. The description problem, classified as valid 5 questions, (4) quality of multiple choice questions based on reliability, has a high reliability coefficient of 0.898, while the problem of unreliable descriptions with a coefficient of 0.093
Etnografía de la teleaudiencia de Medellín. Hábitos, uso y contextos de consumo
Authors: Valle Flórez Mónica María , Ruíz Marín Elvia Lucía , Velásquez Liliana , Jaramillo Hernández Natalia , Tobón Marín Andrea , Moreno Vélez Gloria
Published: February 2019

En el artículo se presentan los hábitos, usos y contextos del consumo televisivo de la teleaudiencia de Medellín, uno de los objetivos planteados en el Estudio Etnográfico de la Teleaudiencia de Medellín, en Perspectiva de la TV Digital, adelantado por el Grupo de Investigación en Comunicación de la Facultad de Comunicación Audiovisual del Politécnico Jaime Isaza Cadavid. Proyecto en el que se explora además, el campo de sentido de “ver televisión” y la percepción que tienen los medellinenses acerca de la televisión pública y privada, en perspectiva de la televisión digital; resultados que se presentarán en posteriores artículos.

En esta etnografía, se abordaron familias de cada uno de los estratos representativos de las 16 comunas de la ciudad. Se observó, que las familias de Medellín siguen con frecuencia programas como: fútbol, reality shows, series (telenovelas), películas, noticias y programas de humor. Más que ver la “pantalla chica”, se escucha. Entre zapping y zapping, el spoiler se posiciona como uno de los relatos televisivos más visualizados. El ritual de “ver TV” implica además, la conversación y la compañía, y es que la teleaudiencia de Medellín prefiere ver la TV en familia y con amigos. No faltan los comentarios y opiniones de programas, noticias, actores, etc. En semana, la tarde - noche es el horario habitual para “ver” la TV. Esta teleaudiencia, señala que la televisión no los tiene “amarrados”, no les marca su rutina diaria, y que no esperan, ni siguen programas. Para los más jóvenes la TV es para “desparchados”.
TECNOLOGÍAS DIGITALES Y ACTITUD COPYLEFT. De la programación al arte
Authors: Racioppe Bianca
Published: February 2019

Este texto plantea la articulación entre las tecnologías, el arte y la comunicación. Establece una comparación entre los modos de producción del software libre y los procesos de creación que sustentan los artistas inscriptos en el movimiento de la Cultura libre y el Copyleft, estableciendo una relación entre los artistas y los programadores. Para dar cuenta de estas articulaciones, se analiza la obra “The man who sold the world” de una artista argentina que trabaja desde la actitud Copyleft. Esta obra sirve como caso testigo de las lógicas de producción y exhibición que se identificaron como recurrentes en las experiencias artísticas analizadas durante la investigación realizada. Además, permite indagar en torno a las transformaciones en las concepciones de autoría y originalidad que se proponen desde el movimiento de la Cultura libre.
COMUNICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA. Metodología y resultados de un análisis de imagen corporativa
Authors: Barredo Ibáñez Daniel , de la Garza Montemayor Daniel
Published: February 2019

En el artículo se presenta la metodología y algunos de los resultados del estudio de imagen corporativa realizado, en el 2014, al Centro Internacional de Estudios Superiores de Comunicación para América Latina (CIESPAL). Para la recolección de datos además de la encuesta se implementó– Diferencial Semántico– instrumento que ha sido muy utilizado en algunos ámbitos científicos, pero que sin embargo apenas se ha empleado para la evaluación de la imagen corporativa de las organizaciones. De acuerdo con Paul Capriotti, en un primer momento se establecieron 18 pares de conceptos para reconstruir la imagen corporativa del centro quiteño dentro de tres componentes globales (productos, actividades y conducta). Tras la fase pretest, se decidió reducir la prueba a 9 pares de conceptos. Se encuentra que CIESPAL, cuenta con amplio reconocimiento; resulta confiable para sus públicos, se cataloga como una institución prestigiosa y necesaria. Entre los aspectos a mejorar: sus instalaciones, presencia en las redes sociales y la difusión de sus programas y actividades.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENERIMAAN MAHASISWA BARU ONLINE DENGAN MODEL SDLC METODE PROTOTIPE DI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM SYEKH-YUSUF
Authors: Hidayat Taufik , Sukisno Sukisno
Published: February 2019

The online registration model not only makes it easy for prospective new students in the registration service process, the marketing department and BAAK will also get convenience in terms of information on prospective new students, new student data, and the number of prospective new students for each study program or faculty. The new student registration facility online at the PMB website displays some content, namely the registration form, entrance screening card, cost information, information on student activities, information on study areas, and campus service information. The method used in this study is a prototype, where this method describes a business process of an existing information system, but does not go well according to the needs in the field. This prototype method will develop and compile some content and menus that are deemed not to meet the needs. This SIPMB has registration, classification, information, exam time activities and grouping of test results. This SIPMB is able to help these activities more efficiently, realtime, integrity, objectively and online. And the hope is that the results of this study will be developed better with different methods. Model pendaftaran online tidak hanya memudahkan pada calon mahasiswa baru dalam proses pelayanan pendaftaran, bagian marketing dan BAAK akan mendapatkan kemudahan pula dalam hal informasi data calon mahasiswa baru, biodata mahasiswa baru, dan jumah calon mahasiswa baru baik untuk setiap program studi ataupun untuk fakultas. Fasilitas pendaftaran mahasiswa baru online pada website PMB menampilkan beberapa konten yaitu form pendaftaran, kartu ujian saringan masuk, informasi biaya, informasi kegiatan mahasiswa, informasi bidang studi, dan informasi pelayanan kampus. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah prototipe, dimana metode ini menjabarkan suatu bisnis proses suatu sistem informasi yang sudah ada, namun tidak berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan kebutuhan di lapangan. Metode prototipe ini akan melakukan pengembangan dan menggubah beberapa konten dan menu yang dianggap tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Dalam SIPMB ini memiliki pendaftaran, klasifikasi, informasi, kegiatan waktu ujian dan pengelompokan hasil ujian. SIPMB ini mampu memperbantu kegiatan tersebut lebih efisien, realtime, teritegritas, obyektif dan online. Dan harapannya hasil penelitian ini akan dapat dikembangkan menjadi lebih baik dengan metode yang berbeda
PERSPEKTIF DASAR KEILMUAN PENGETAHUAN MANAJEMEN DAN ORGANISASI
Authors: Mulyadi Edi
Published: February 2019

Pada saat ini ilmu atau pendekatan ilmiah (scientific method) telah banyak digunakan untuk memahami dan merekayasa berbagai realitas, termasuk realitas manajemen dan organisasi. Sementara pada saat yang sama, kehidupan manusia dan masyarakat semakin terdiferensiasi dan semakin kuat pula dicirikan oleh manajemen dan organisasi yang makin terspesialisasi. Maka kemudian menjadi jelas secara komprehensif didekati dengan filsafat ilmu, manajemen sebagai satu kesatuan memiliki komponenkomponen yang saling berhubungan satu sama lain dan membentuk suatu struktur, struktur ilmu pengetahuan. Ada beragam pandangan mengenai manajemen sebagai ilmu. Namun uumnnya diakui bahwa sebagai ilmu pengetahuan, manajemen adalah sesuatu yang memiliki objek studi tersendiri, kerangka dasar konsep dan teori, serta paradigma keilmuan yang dapat berkembang dan dikembangkan terus. Sejak berkembangnya metode ilmiah, ilmu manajemen berkembang terus hingga saat ini dan memberi kita pemahaman penting tentang pendekatan ataupun tata cara dalam meneliti, menganalisis, dan memecahkan masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan manajemen dan organisasi
Edu Sociata Pengaruh Implementasi K-13 Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran Sosiologi di SMAN 1 Lambu
Authors: Waluyati Ida
Published: February 2019

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh implementasi Kurikulum 2013 terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Sosiologi di SMA Negeri 1 Lambu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis inferensial menggunakan regresijenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa kelas A semester IV (empat) yang menempuh mata kuliah Kakubukuteks IPS yang berjumlah 27 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang di linear sederhana. Populasi penelitian ini 222 siswa kelas XI. Sampel penelitian adalah 45 responden. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah angket dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dan dokumen hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dalam implementasi Kurikulum 2013 terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran sosiologi. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan dari hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji parsial (uji t) diperoleh t hitung (2,234)> t tabel (2,017) dengan nilai signifikansi 0,031.
A Bronze Age cairn and rapier find from Swaites Hill, Cloburn Quarry, South Lanarkshire
Authors: Gordon Douglas , McKinstry Liam
Published: February 2019

Rathmell Archaeology Ltd carried out the excavation of a disturbed kerbed cairn at Swaites Hill, Cloburn Quarry, South Lanarkshire. An inner and outer kerb were noted: the inner revealed two short cists, one containing two cremation burials. A third disturbed cremation burial with associated cordoned urn was present within cairn material between the inner and outer kerbs. A second urn and further cremated human bone deposits were found in the upper cairn material. The discovery of a Middle Bronze Age rapier within re-deposited cairn material hints at even more complexity; however, the full picture was sadly obscured by eighteenth to nineteenth century disturbance.
Marguerite Wood and Margaret Simpson, two pioneering Scottish women
Authors: Breeze David J. , Marshall Rosalind K. , Ralston Ian
Published: February 2019

In the 1920s and 1930s Marguerite Wood and Margaret Simpson collaborated with James Richardson, Inspector of Ancient Monuments for Scotland, in writing guide-books to several medieval monuments in state care. The involvement of women in such activities was unusual for the time. The family histories and careers of these two pioneering Scottish women are investigated in order to explain their participation, and their activities are placed in the wider context of the emerging professionalism of women in history and archaeology in Scotland at this time.
Iron Age occupation evidence from Port Lobh, Colonsay (Scottish Inner Hebrides)
Authors: Finlay et al. Nyree
Published: February 2019

Evidence of a new Iron Age occupation site is presented from a site located at the southern edge of a former tidal estuary in western Colonsay. A radiocarbon date of between the 1st–2nd centuries BC is significant in a regional context, being the first of this period from the island. Recovered burnt occupation debris includes cattle bone, marine (limpet and periwinkle) shell and ceramics along with a terrestrial snail shell and carbonised macroplant assemblage. The site was identified from geophysical survey (magnetometry and resistivity) focused at an earlier 5th–4th millennia BC shell midden. The discovery highlights the value of alternative field techniques and looking beyond fortified sites to find more elusive settlement evidence.
Zamanın Yükü: Muş’ta Geleneksel Semerciliğin Son Temsilcisi Burhan Usta
Authors: KARDAŞ Canser
Published: February 2019

Toplumların önemli somut kültürel ürünleri
arasında geleneksel el sanatı ürünler yer almaktadır. Teknolojinin ilerlemesi,
ihtiyaçların sürekli değişmesi ve ayrıca el sanatlarında üretimin pahalı olması
genel olarak el sanatlarına dayalı üretimi durma noktasına getirmiştir. Geleneksel
el sanatlarından semercilik, yük ve binek hayvanlarının artık günlük hayatta
kullanılmaması nedeniyle semere talep önce azalmış son zamanlarda tamamen durma
noktasına gelmiştir. Muş’ta aile mesleği olarak iki
kuşaktır devam eden semercilik mesleğini artık sadece Burhan Usta
yapabilmektedir. Semerci Burhan [Bulakçıbaşı] Usta yakın tarihe kadar semer
üretmekteydi. Muş’un sınırları içinde yer alan yaylaların tamamına yol
yapılması yük ve binek hayvanlarına fazla ihtiyaç kalmaması nedeniyle Burhan Usta
da artık semer üretmemektedir. Talebin olması durumunda semer üretmekte ancak bu
talepler de geçimi sağlamaktan uzak olduğundan meslek yok olma ve unutulma
noktasına gelmiştir.

Çalışmada
Muş’ta semercilik mesleği, semercilikte kullanılan araç ve gereçler, semerlerin
yapımı üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca turizme yönelik üretim ve mesleğin
günümüzün koşullarına dönüşümüne dair öneriler yer almaktadır.
Çocukluk çağı zehirlenme olgularının epidemiyolojik ve demografik özelliklerinin incelenmesi
Authors: GÜVEN BAYSAL Şenay , YILDIZ Feyza Mediha
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Bu
çalışmada Zeynep Kamil Kadın ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma
Hastanesi Çocuk Kliniği acil servisinde adli nitelikteki zehirlenme olgularının
epidemiyolojik ve demografik özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve alınabilecek
önlemlerin irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Acil
servise başvuran ve zehirlenme nedeniyle hastaneye getirilen her bir hastanın
bilgileri hasta takip formu aracılığıyla belgelendirildi ve kaydedildi. Olgular
yaş, cinsiyet, zehirlenme nedeni, mevsimsel dağılım, başvuru saati ve başvuruda
zehirlenmeye ait semptomlar açısından değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çocuk
acil servisine başvuran hastaların %0.21’ini zehirlenme vakası oluşturmaktaydı.
Toplam 138 olgudan 72’si erkek (%52.2), 66’sı kız (%47.8) hastalardan
oluşuyordu. Vakaların %87.7’sini 1-5 yaş arası hastaların oluşturduğu
saptanmıştır. Zehirlenmeye en sık yol açan ilaçların başında %25.6’lık oranla
analjezik antipiretik ilaçları gelmekteydi. Hastaların %18.8’in zehir danışma
merkezi hakkında bilgi sahibiyken bu merkezin aranma oranı çalışmamızda %8 olarak
tespit edilmiştir.  Olguların çoğu %87.7
kaza ile meydana gelmişti. İntihar girişimi nedeniyle zehirlenmeler tüm
olguların %6.5’ini oluşturuyordu. İntihar amaçlı zehirlenme vakalarında
kızların oranı belirgin bir şekilde yüksekti. (%88.8). Olguların %90’ı şifa ile
taburcu edilirken %7’si ailesi tarafından çıkarıldı ve %3’ü yoğun bakıma sevk
edildi.

Sonuç: Çocuk
acil servisine başvuran hastalardan elde ettiğimiz veriler daha önce yapılan
çalışmalarla benzerlik göstermektedir. Öncelikle eğitim düzeyinin arttırılmasının
zehirlenmelerin önlenmesine önemli ölçüde katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Ayrıca hekimler tarafından Zehir Danışma Merkezininin  aranması ve merkezin önerilerinin uygulanması
da mortalite  ve morbidite oranını
azaltacaktır.
Karotid arter darlığında 3D-TOF MR ve kontrastlı MR Anjiografi ile DSA bulgularının karşılaştırılması
Authors: Öztürk Turan Çiğdem , Uysal Ender
Published: February 2019

GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Günümüzde gelişmiş ülkelerde inme, sık
morbitide ve 3. en sık mortalite nedenidir. Karotid arter darlığı, geçici
iskemik atak ve inmenin önemli bir nedenidir. Kateter anjiyografi, karotid
arterlerinin incelenmesinde altın standart olarak kabul edilir. Manyetik
Rezonans Anjiografi(MRA) ise; radyasyon içermemesi, kontrastsız ya da düşük doz
kontrast madde ile yapılabilmesi ve incelemenin birçok kez tekrar edilebilmesi
nedeniyle, karotid arter darlığının saptanmasında noninvaziv etkin bir görüntüleme
yöntemi olarak sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada karotid arter darlığının
MRA ile değerlendirilmesi, sonuçlarının DSA ile karşılaştırılması ve 3D TOF MRA
ve Kontrastlı MRA’ nın bu konudaki tanısal değerinin araştırılması
amaçlanmıştır. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu çalışmada, Eylül 2009 ile Mart 2010
tarihleri arasında, GİA ve inme öyküsü, baş dönmesi, dengesizlik, hemipleji
gibi sebeplerle başvuran 21 hastanın ana, internal ve eksternal karotid
arterleri 3D TOF MRA, Kontrastlı MRA ve DSA ile görüntülendi.  BULGULAR: 3D TOF MRA, Kontrastlı MRA ve DSA ile
değerlendirilen 21 hastanın( 42 arter), darlık düzeyleri, NASCET kriterlerine
göre iki kez değerlendirilip, hesaplandı. Darlıklar hafif, orta ve ileri
dereceli olmak üzere evrelendirildi. 3D TOF MRA ve Kontrastlı MRA sonuçları DSA
bulguları ile karşılaştırıldı. İki yöntemin bulguları da DSA ile uyumlu
bulundu.

TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Bu çalışmada 3D TOF MRA ve Kontrastlı
MRA’ nın, karotid arter darlığı tanısında DSA’ ya alternatif olabilecek
noninvaziv bir inceleme olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
Büyük Veri: Uygulama Alanları, Analitiği ve Güvenlik Boyutu
Authors: Aktan Ertuğrul
Published: February 2019

Dünyadaki veri hacmi ve veri çeşitliliği, insanlık tarihinde daha önce hiç görülmediği hızda artmaktadır. İnternet teknolojilerinin ve sosyal medyanın hayatımızın her evresine ve hatta cep telefonlarımıza girmesiyle, insanlar günlük faaliyetlerinde bile veri üretir duruma gelmiştir. Dünün manuel olarak çalışan araç gereçleri, bugün akıllı cihazlar olarak anılmakta ve hemen hepsi sensörleri vasıtasıyla veri üretmektedir. Bu kadar yoğun ve farklı verinin farklı kaynaklardan giderek artan bir şekilde üretilmesi, yeni bir kavramı ortaya çıkarmıştır: “Büyük Veri”. Büyük veri yüksek hacim, hız ve çeşitlilikte üretilen yapısal, yarı yapısal ve yapısal olmayan veri bütünüdür. Birçok endüstriyel alan, yeni veri üreterek veya mevcut veriyi sayısallaştırarak büyük veriye kaynak oluşturmaktadır. Organizasyonların rekabet avantajı kazanmasında, bilgi önemli bir üretim faktörüdür. Bu noktada büyük verinin bilginin ham maddesi olması ve dolayısıyla karar verme süreçlerini etkilemesi, büyük veri analitiğinin önemini artırmaktadır. Büyük veriden ekonomik değer elde edilebilmesi için, doğruluğu sağlanmış verinin ileri analitik yöntemlerle işlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bugün, ekonomik ve ticari faaliyetlerden kamu yönetimine, ulusal güvenlikten bilimsel araştırmalara kadar birçok alanda, büyük veri ve analitiğinden yararlanılmaktadır. Hergün 2,5 eksabayt (1 eksabayt=1.073.741.824 gigabayt) hacminde verinin üretildiği günümüzde, dünün ilişkisel veritabanı ve yapısal sorgulama dilleri ile büyük veri analitiğinin gerçekleştirilmesi mümkün gözükmemektedir. Büyük veriyi işlemek adına başta Hadoop, Eşle-İndirge (Map-Reduce) olmak üzere, Hive, Hcatalog, Hbase, MPP (Massively Parallel Processing), PIG, Mahout, NoSQL ve Cassandra gibi dağıtık dosya sistemleri üzerinde çalışan ileri analitik yöntemlerden yararlanılmaktadır. Büyük veri analitiği, sunmuş olduğu faydaların yanı sıra kişisel bilgilerin mahremiyetini tehlikeye atabilecek güvenlik zafiyetlerini de oluşturabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; büyük veri olgusu, bileşenleri ve kaynakları boyutunda ele alınmış, büyük verinin uygulama alanlarında sağladığı avantajlar üzerinde durulmuş, büyük veri analitiği süreçleri ve ileri analitik yöntemlerden, dağıtık dosya sistemi üzerinde Eşle-İndirge modelini çalıştıran Hadoop yazılım mimarisinin işleyişi incelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte büyük verinin sunduğu avantajların yanı sıra oluşturduğu güvenlik sorunları da irdelenmiş ve bu kapsamda alınması gereken güvenlik önlemleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Türkiye’de Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümleri Ders Programlarının Arşivcilik ve Belge Yönetimi Eğitimi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Bülent
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de halen üniversite
düzeyinde eğitim vermekte olan bilgi ve belge yönetimi bölümlerinin lisans ve
lisansüstü güncel ders programlarını arşivcilik ve belge yönetimi dersleri
açısından değerlendirmektir. Çalışma betimleme yöntemi ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada Türkiye’de Cumhuriyet dönemi bilgi ve belge
yönetimi ve bunun içinde de arşivcilik (belge yönetimi) eğitimi hakkında kısa
bir tarihçe verilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında halen etkin olarak eğitim vermekte
olan Türkiye’deki 11 Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümü’nün güncel lisans ve lisansüstü
ders programları toplam, zorunlu ve seçmeli ders sayıları, arşivcilikle ilgili
toplam, zorunlu, seçmeli ders sayıları ve ders içerikleri açısından
irdelenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda Türkiye’de üniversite düzeyindeki bilgi ve belge
yönetimi eğitimi çerçevesinde genelde güçlü bir arşivcilik/belge yönetimi ders
programının olmadığı, ders sayıları, bu derslerin zorunlu ya da seçmeli statüde
oluşları açısından Bölümler arasında önemli farklar, ders içerikleri açısından
ise benzerlikler olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda konuya ilişkin
çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Elektronik Arşivlere Yönelik Uluslararası Yaklaşımlar Çerçevesinde Türkiye Değerlendirmesi
Authors: ARISOY Yunus Emre
Published: February 2019

Devlete ait kurum ve
kuruluşlarca iş ve işlem süreçlerinde üretilen her türlü belgenin ve dokümanın
üretim aşamasından nihai ikametgâhı olan devlet arşivlerine teslimine ve devlet
arşivleri tarafından muhafaza edilmesi ve kullanıma sunulmasına kadar tüm
aşamaların belirlendiği bir politika metni bulunması her ülke için uygulanması
zorunlu bir kuraldır. Birçok ülkede bu politika metinleri farklı biçimsel
şekillerde ve farklı içerikler ile uygulanmaktadır. Çalışmamızda İngiltere
(Birleşik Krallık), Fransa, Kanada, Kuzey İrlanda, Amerika Birleşik
Devletlerinde (ABD), Estonya, İsviçre, Avustralya, Hollanda, Yeni Zelenda’nın
arşiv politikaları incelenmiş, ülkemizde uygulanabilirliği açısından ele alınarak
faydalı hususlar üzerinde durulmuş ve Türkiye’deki durum ortaya konularak
önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Las garrapatas silvestres como potenciales vectores de Leishmania sp.
Authors: Rojas-Jaimes Jesús
Published: February 2019

La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad endémica del Perú y descuidada desde el punto de vista de Salud Pública. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar nuevos artrópodos que podrían transmitir el parásito de la Leishmania. Se colectaron garrapatas de animales silvestres como Pecari tajacu y Chelonoidis denticulata del distrito de Las Piedras en Madre de Dios y se utilizó una prueba molecular para detectar el parasito de la Leishmania. Se identificó a las garrapatas de Pecari tajacu como Rhipicephalus microplus y a las colectadas de Chelonoidis denticulata como Amblyoma sabanerae. La detección molecular de Leishmania sp. fue un 95,7% para R. microplus y 88,9% para A. sabanerae. Los resultados nos indican una alta tasa de parasitemia en las garrapatas estudiadas, por tanto, estos datos son novedosos y promisorios como base en la búsqueda de nuevos probables vectores como las garrapatas y reservorios como podrían ser Pecari tajacu y Chelonoidis denticulata.
Resistencia a los antibióticos
Authors: Hipólito Unanue Fundación Instituto
Published: February 2019

Los antibióticos son medicamentos utilizados para prevenir y tratar las infecciones bacterianas. La resistencia a los antibióticos se produce cuando las bacterias mutan en respuesta al uso de estos fármacos.
Publicaciones Científicas Médicas en el Perú
Authors: Ugarte--Gil Manuel F. , Alarcón Graciela S.
Published: February 2019

Dentro de la enseñanza en nuestras escuelas de Medicina, existen muy pocas clases dedicadas a publicaciones científicas: cuándo, cómo, por qué, para qué; aúnmás, los futuros médicos tienen muy pocos modelos a seguir ya que la mayor parte del profesorado no publica el resultado de sus estudios en manuscritos completos sino solamente en resúmenes en congresos nacionales o regionales; estos si bien conllevan un momento de prestigio para el presentador, este es muy efímero y no es compartido con todos los miembros del grupo de investigación. De esta manera, los datos que se presentan en estos congresos quedan sumergidos en los libros de resúmenes de los mismos, que, en su mayor parte, no son ni citables ni, muchas veces, ubicables. Por ejemplo, en un análisis de los resúmenes presentados en los congresos de la Sociedad Peruana de Gastroenterología entre 1998 y el 2008, solo 8.2% de los mismos (34 de 217) fueron publicados siendo la gran mayoría de ellos en la revista de dicha sociedad (82.4%) (1). Adicionalmente, cuando se examinó el rendimiento de los docentes que habían tenido a su cargo las sesiones sobre investigación en 32 facultades de medicina del Perú, se encontró al examinar la base de datos de Scopus que más del 65% de 201 docentes nunca habían publicado un solo artículo y que solo el 3% habían publicado uno o más artículos originales en una revista indizada que no fuese peruana como autor corresponsal.
Smallholder-Based Oil Palm and Rubber Production in the Forest Region of Guinea: An Exploratory Analysis of Household Food Security Outcomes
Authors: Balde Boubacar Siddighi , Diawara Mamady , Rossignoli Cristiano M. , Gasparatos Alexandros
Published: February 2019

The Guinean government has promoted the large-scale production of industrial crops such as oil palm and rubber through the Guinean Oil Palm and Rubber Company (SOGUIPAH). Smallholder-based production of these crops has also been promoted to boost rural development but the food security outcomes are unclear. This exploratory study assesses the food security outcomes of smallholder-based oil palm and rubber production at the household level using six standardized metrics of food security. We compare households involved in industrial crop production and households that only grow food crops under subsistence conditions through statistical tools such as Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Endogenous Treatment Effect Regression (ETER). Overall, results suggest that oil palm and rubber smallholders perform better than subsistence farmers on metrics that capture perceptions of hunger and coping behaviors but perform worse for food diversity metrics. We hypothesize that this discrepancy can possibly be explained by the strong sense of security that steady income provides across time, which outweighs the shortcomings of diet diversity. The results of this exploratory study can inform the development of more detailed assessments of the food security outcomes of interventions implemented by SOGUIPAH in the area (and the mechanism through which these impacts emerge).
Livestock Performance for Sheep and Cattle Grazing Lowland Permanent Pasture: Benchmarking Potential of Forage-Based Systems
Authors: Orr Robert J. , Griffith Bruce A. , Rivero M. Jordana , Lee Michael R. F.
Published: February 2019

Here we describe the livestock performance and baseline productivity over a two-year period, following the establishment of the infrastructure on the North Wyke Farm Platform across its three farmlets (small farms). Lowland permanent pastures were continuously stocked with yearling beef cattle and ewes and their twin lambs for two years in three farmlets. The cattle came into the farmlets as suckler-reared weaned calves at 195 ± 32.6 days old weighing 309 ± 45.0 kg, were housed indoors for 170 days then turned out to graze weighing 391 ± 54.2 kg for 177 days. Therefore, it is suggested for predominantly grass-based systems with minimal supplementary feeding that target live weight gains should be 0.5 kg/day in the first winter, 0.9 kg/day for summer grazing and 0.8 kg/day for cattle housed and finished on silage in a second winter. The sheep performance suggested that lambs weaned at 100 days and weighing 35 kg should finish at 200 days weighing 44 to 45 kg live weight with a killing out percentage of 44%. Good levels of livestock production are possible with grass and forage-based systems using little or no additional supplementary concentrate feeds.
IgE Antibodies: From Structure to Function and Clinical Translation
Authors: Sutton Brian J. , Davies Anna M. , Bax Heather J. , Karagiannis Sophia N.
Published: February 2019

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are well known for their role in mediating allergic reactions, and their powerful effector functions activated through binding to Fc receptors FcεRI and FcεRII/CD23. Structural studies of IgE-Fc alone, and when bound to these receptors, surprisingly revealed not only an acutely bent Fc conformation, but also subtle allosteric communication between the two distant receptor-binding sites. The ability of IgE-Fc to undergo more extreme conformational changes emerged from structures of complexes with anti-IgE antibodies, including omalizumab, in clinical use for allergic disease; flexibility is clearly critical for IgE function, but may also be exploited by allosteric interference to inhibit IgE activity for therapeutic benefit. In contrast, the power of IgE may be harnessed to target cancer. Efforts to improve the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies for cancer have almost exclusively focussed on IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses, but IgE offers an extremely high affinity for FcεRI receptors on immune effector cells known to infiltrate solid tumours. Furthermore, while tumour-resident inhibitory Fc receptors can modulate the effector functions of IgG antibodies, no inhibitory IgE Fc receptors are known to exist. The development of tumour antigen-specific IgE antibodies may therefore provide an improved immune functional profile and enhanced anti-cancer efficacy. We describe proof-of-concept studies of IgE immunotherapies against solid tumours, including a range of in vitro and in vivo evaluations of efficacy and mechanisms of action, as well as ex vivo and in vivo safety studies. The first anti-cancer IgE antibody, MOv18, the clinical translation of which we discuss herein, has now reached clinical testing, offering great potential to direct this novel therapeutic modality against many other tumour-specific antigens. This review highlights how our understanding of IgE structure and function underpins these exciting clinical developments.
Design and Optimization of Cooling Plate for Battery Module of an Electric Vehicle
Authors: Ye Ben , Rubel Md Rashedul Haque , Li Hongjun
Published: February 2019

With the development of electric vehicles, much attention has been paid to the thermal management of batteries. The liquid cooling has been increasingly used instead of other cooling methods, such as air cooling and phase change material cooling. In this article, a lithium iron phosphate battery was used to design a standard module including two cooling plates. A single battery numerical model was first created and verified as the basis of the module heat transfer model. Orthogonal experimental design method was adopted in the module thermal model to optimize the main parameters in the module: Battery gap, the cross-section size, and the number of coolant channels of the cooling plate. The Surrogate Model was then utilized to further optimize geometry of the cooling plate. Finally, the optimized geometry was rebuilt in the module thermal model for analysis. The comparison showed that the maximum and minimum temperature difference in the cooling plate was reduced by 9.5% and the pressure drop was reduced by 16.88%. It was found that the battery temperature difference and the pressure drop decreased with the increase of the cross-section and number of the coolant channel when the coolant flow rate was constant at the inlet.
Removal of Volatile Solids from Greywater Using Sand Filters
Authors: Spychała Marcin , Nieć Jakub , Zawadzki Paweł , Matz Radosław , Nguyen Thanh Hung
Published: February 2019

Sand filtration is a primary stage of treatment for reuse of greywater. This study aimed at assessing the volatile solid removal efficiency of a sand filter and imitating its performance using analytical simulation. This study used artificial greywater, medium sand as a filtering material, and nine PVC cylinders as filter columns. Samples of the sand were collected after 6, 14 and 21 days, with the aim of specific deposit determination. The vertical distribution of specific deposit (volatile solids) in the sand filters was typical for gravitationally operated sand filters. Relatively high removal efficiency of volatile solids (51–60%) was achieved at relatively low cumulative hydraulic load. The average removal efficiency of organic compounds (detected as chemical oxygen demand) was 26.8%. Maximum specific deposit was achieved for a cumulative hydraulic load of 363.6 m. The filter coefficient was identified empirically for application of the Iwasaki formula. The filter coefficient λ was corrected for a better fit of the modelled values with measured values.
Cutting Performance and Wear/Damage Characteristics of PCBN Tool in Hard Milling
Authors: Gao Haining , Liu Xianli , Chen Zhitao
Published: February 2019

In the intermittent machining of hardened steel for the die and mold industry, determining how to reduce the wear of PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) tools and improve their machining efficiency and quality is an important subject. This study investigated the intermittent machining of hardened steel (Cr12MoV, 59HRC (Rockwell hardness)) using uncoated PCBN tools to determine the cutting performance (cutting force, chip morphology, surface quality, tool life, cutting temperature) and the wear/damage characteristics of the tools. The results showed that the cutting performance of a PCBN tool was better than that of a cemented carbide tool. The wear mechanism on the PCBN tool flank was diffusion wear, adhesive wear, and oxidation wear. The main failure modes of the PCBN tool in the machining process of hardened steel at low speed were tool micro-chipping, the conchoidal damage of the rake face, and the larger damaged area of the flank face. The main failure modes of the PCBN tool in the machining process of hardened steel at high speed were flank wear and high-rate fatigue damage.
Changes in Global Blocking Character in Recent Decades
Authors: Lupo Anthony R. , Jensen Andrew D. , Mokhov Igor I. , Timazhev Alexander V. , Eichler Timothy , Efe Bahtiyar
Published: February 2019

A global blocking climatology published by this group for events that occurred during the late 20th century examined a comprehensive list of characteristics that included block intensity (BI). In addition to confirming the results of other published climatologies, they found that Northern Hemisphere (NH) blocking events (1968–1998) were stronger than Southern Hemisphere (SH) blocks and winter events are stronger than summer events in both hemispheres. This work also examined the interannual variability of blocking as related to El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Since the late 20th century, there is evidence that the occurrence of blocking has increased globally. A comparison of blocking characteristics since 1998 (1998–2018 NH; 2000–2018 SH) shows that the number of blocking events and their duration have increased significantly in both hemispheres. The blocking BI has decreased by about six percent in the NH, but there was little change in the BI for the SH events. Additionally, there is little or no change in the primary genesis regions of blocking. An examination of variability related to ENSO reveals that the NH interannual-scale variations found in the earlier work has reversed in the early 21st century. This could either be the result of interdecadal variability or a change in the climate. Interdecadal variations are examined as well.
Thermal Performance of Insulated Constructions—Experimental Studies
Authors: Gullbrekken Lars , Grynning Steinar , Gaarder Jørn Emil
Published: February 2019

Buildings that are designed to meet high-energy performance requirements, e.g., passive houses, require well-insulated building envelopes, with increased insulation thicknesses for roof, wall and floor structures. We investigate whether there are differences in the efficiency of thermal insulation materials at different moisture levels in the insulation and if there is a larger or smaller risk of natural convection in wood-fibre based insulation than in mineral wool. The work has mainly been performed by use of laboratory measurements included permeability properties and full-scale measurements of thermal transmittance of mineral wool and wood-fibre insulated constructions. In addition, calculations have been used to calculate resulting effects on the thermal performance of constructions. Results showed that the thermal conductivity was unaffected by moisture in the hygroscopic range. The air permeability was found to be approximately 50% higher for the wood-fibre insulation compared to mineral wool insulation. Measurements showed that the largest U-values and Nusselt numbers were found for the wall configuration. Calculation of the U-value of walls showed that in order to achieve the same U-value for the wood-fibre insulated wall as the mineral wool, it is necessary to add 20 mm insulation to the 250 mm wall and approximately 30 mm for the 400 mm wall.
Next Generation Sequencing in AML—On the Way to Becoming a New Standard for Treatment Initiation and/or Modulation?
Authors: Leisch Michael , Jansko Bettina , Zaborsky Nadja , Greil Richard , Pleyer Lisa
Published: February 2019

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disease caused by genetic abberations occurring predominantly in the elderly. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis has led to a deeper genetic understanding of the pathogenesis and the role of recently discovered genetic precursor lesions (clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate/oncogenic potential (CHIP/CHOP)) in the evolution of AML. These advances are reflected by the inclusion of certain mutations in the updated World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification and current treatment guidelines by the European Leukemia Net (ELN) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and results of mutational testing are already influencing the choice and timing of (targeted) treatment. Genetic profiling and stratification of patients into molecularly defined subgroups are expected to gain ever more weight in daily clinical practice. Our aim is to provide a concise summary of current evidence regarding the relevance of NGS for the diagnosis, risk stratification, treatment planning and response assessment in AML, including minimal residual disease (MRD) guided approaches. We also summarize recently approved drugs targeting genetically defined patient populations with risk adapted- and individualized treatment strategies.
Neutral Lipid Storage Diseases as Cellular Model to Study Lipid Droplet Function
Authors: Missaglia Sara , Coleman Rosalind A. , Mordente Alvaro , Tavian Daniela
Published: February 2019

Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM) and with ichthyosis (NLSDI) are rare autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in the PNPLA2 and in the ABHD5/CGI58 genes, respectively. These genes encode the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and α-β hydrolase domain 5 (ABHD5) proteins, which play key roles in the function of lipid droplets (LDs). LDs, the main cellular storage sites of triacylglycerols and sterol esters, are highly dynamic organelles. Indeed, LDs are critical for both lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Partial or total PNPLA2 or ABHD5/CGI58 knockdown is characteristic of the cells of NLSD patients; thus, these cells are natural models with which one can unravel LD function. In this review we firstly summarize genetic and clinical data collected from NLSD patients, focusing particularly on muscle, skin, heart, and liver damage due to impaired LD function. Then, we discuss how NLSD cells were used to investigate and expand the current structural and functional knowledge of LDs.
Cellular Metabolic Regulation in the Differentiation and Function of Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Chen Ye , Colello Jacob , Jarjour Wael , Zheng Song Guo
Published: February 2019

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The activity and function of Tregs are in large part determined by various intracellular metabolic processes. Recent findings have focused on how intracellular metabolism can shape the development, trafficking, and function of Tregs. In this review, we summarize and discuss current research that reveals how distinct metabolic pathways modulate Tregs differentiation, phenotype stabilization, and function. These advances highlight numerous opportunities to alter Tregs frequency and function in physiopathologic conditions via metabolic manipulation and have important translational implications.
Cellular and Molecular Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease—Focusing on Intestinal Barrier Function
Authors: Schoultz Ida , Keita Åsa V.
Published: February 2019

The human gut relies on several cellular and molecular mechanisms to allow for an intact and dynamical intestinal barrier. Normally, only small amounts of luminal content pass the mucosa, however, if the control is broken it can lead to enhanced passage, which might damage the mucosa, leading to pathological conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is well established that genetic, environmental, and immunological factors all contribute in the pathogenesis of IBD, and a disturbed intestinal barrier function has become a hallmark of the disease. Genetical studies support the involvement of intestinal barrier as several susceptibility genes for IBD encode proteins with key functions in gut barrier and homeostasis. IBD patients are associated with loss in bacterial diversity and shifts in the microbiota, with a possible link to local inflammation. Furthermore, alterations of immune cells and several neuro-immune signaling pathways in the lamina propria have been demonstrated. An inappropriate immune activation might lead to mucosal inflammation, with elevated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can affect the epithelium and promote a leakier barrier. This review will focus on the main cells and molecular mechanisms in IBD and how these can be targeted in order to improve intestinal barrier function and reduce inflammation.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sulforaphane on LPS-Activated Microglia Potentially through JNK/AP-1/NF-κB Inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 Activation
Authors: Subedi Lalita , Lee Jae , Yumnam Silvia , Ji Eunhee , Kim Sun
Published: February 2019

Sulforaphane (SFN), a potent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, is present in the species of the Brassicaceae, especially in broccoli sprouts. In this study, the effects of SFN against microglial activation and inflammation, and the potential mechanisms involved, were analyzed. As mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling plays a key role in microglial activation and inflammation, we focused on the role of SFN in regulating the MAPK signaling regulation of the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cascades in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of SFN were explored by evaluating the expression and secretion of inflammatory proteins, cytokines, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and activator protein-1 (AP-1) under pre- and post-treatment conditions. Under the SFN pre- and post-treatment conditions, the MAPK phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced in both acutely and chronically activated microglial cells. SFN also reduced the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation levels, which subsequently reduced NF-κB and AP-1 signaling. As a result, the expression of the inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2, NO, and PGE2) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) was decreased. At the same time, SFN increased the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as well as the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that SFN exerts an anti-neuroinflammatory effect on microglia through JNK/AP-1/NF-κB pathway inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation.
Quantum Pumping with Adiabatically Modulated Barriers in Three-Band Pseudospin-1 Dirac–Weyl Systems
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Zhu Rui
Published: February 2019

In this work, pumped currents of the adiabatically-driven double-barrier structure based on the pseudospin-1 Dirac–Weyl fermions are studied. As a result of the three-band dispersion and hence the unique properties of pseudospin-1 Dirac–Weyl quasiparticles, sharp current-direction reversal is found at certain parameter settings especially at the Dirac point of the band structure, where apexes of the two cones touch at the flat band. Such a behavior can be interpreted consistently by the Berry phase of the scattering matrix and the classical turnstile mechanism.
An Intuitionistic Evidential Method for Weight Determination in FMEA Based on Belief Entropy
Authors: Liu Zeyi , Xiao Fuyuan
Published: February 2019

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) has been regarded as an effective analysis approach to identify and rank the potential failure modes in many applications. However, how to determine the weights of team members appropriately, with the impact factor of domain experts’ uncertainty in decision-making of FMEA, is still an open issue. In this paper, a new method to determine the weights of team members, which combines evidence theory, intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and belief entropy, is proposed to analyze the failure modes. One of the advantages of the presented model is that the uncertainty of experts in the decision-making process is taken into consideration. The proposed method is data driven with objective and reasonable properties, which considers the risk of weights more completely. A numerical example is shown to illustrate the feasibility and availability of the proposed method.
Reflections on the Adult Education Professoriate in Canada
Authors: Groen Janet , Kawalilak Colleen
Published: February 2019

Drawing on an autoethnographic approach, we offer a retrospective and current reflection on the Adult Education Professoriate within the Canadian university system. Through our autographic texts as professors within the field of adult education, as well as a review of relevant adult education literature, we consider the historical and current societal and academic trends that informed the growth and associated struggles in this academic program over the past six decades, including the launch of the Canadian Association for Studies in Adult Education. Reflecting on lessons from the past, we argue that we need to remain vigilant as professors within Canadian universities and realize that the programs we promote and offer will only thrive if we continue to survive as a valued and visible field of scholarship and practice. We further assert that our survival is contingent upon ramping up our engagement with and educating of colleagues from other disciplines, as well as work and learning contexts.