bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rational placement of grain production – the basis for ensuring food security
Authors: Klychova Guzaliya , Zakirova Alsou , Safiullin Ilnur , Zakirov Zufar , Khusainov Shaukat , Zakharova Galina
Published: June 2020

The most important prerequisite for achieving the main goal of the country’s agro-industrial complex ensuring its food security and efficient agricultural production is the optimal location of its individual industries and production facilities by territorial units. The urgency of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production in general, and grain production in particular, has increased with Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization. The purpose of the study is to develop scientifically grounded proposals and practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of grain production location in the Republic of Tatarstan. The study’s objectives: to reveal the economic essence of agricultural production location taking into account the main principles and influence of the main factors; to assess the current state of grain crop production location in the region; to develop the directions of grain production development at macroand micro-economic levels. Abstractological, statistical-economic, calculation and balance methods of research were used in the work. In the article the criteria and indexes of level and efficiency of production placement are offered; the condition and tendencies of development of grain crops placement are analyzed; methodical approaches and project decisions on perfection of grain crops placement on the regional level are grounded. The practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the fact that the developed measures contribute to the substantiation of optimal parameters of grain crop production location in the Republic of Tatarstan in the context of its natural and economic zones and municipal administrative districts.
Efficiency of cultivation of intermediate cover crops as a biological element of the fertilizer system at no-till in the Crimea
Authors: Tomashova Olga , Osenniy Nicolay , Ilyin Aleksandr , Veselova Lubov
Published: June 2020

The aim is to create the fundamental biologization’s components of no-till system in the environment of foothill-steppe Crimea’s area, to explore the effect of different kinds of cover crops on the indications of soil fertility, on the crop productivity and on the seeds’ quality of the agricultural crops in terms of poor and unstable humidification. During the cultivation of the cover crops in no-till system the reserves of available humidity in the thickness of one metre were acceptable after the growing of vicia – 107,6 millimeters and on the control (without the cover crops) – 99,6 millimeters. The least reserves of available for the plants humidity were in the option with winter rape, as in pure form (59,3 millimeters), as in combination with vicia (44,9 millimeters). The highest crop productivity of cover crops’ green mass was in all cases with the using of the multicomponent combination. It exceeds the crop productivity of the cover crops consisting of 1-2 and 3 sping crops more than twice as much and almost more than 10 times – the crop productivity of the winter rye.
Methodology and results of studying soil moisture after the interaction with the operating devices
Authors: Parkhomenko Galina , Bozhko Igor , Kambulov Sergey , Boyko Andrey , Polushkin Oleg , Lebedenko Viacheslav , Beskopilniy Alexey , Olshevskaya Anastasiya
Published: June 2020

Operating devices for soil cultivation in arid conditions should not carry the lower layers to the surface of the field, since this leads to the loss of moisture due to its evaporation. Purpose of work is to determine the moisture content in the soil after using new operating devices. There been developed technique of determining the moisture content in the soil after exposure to operating devices by studying the movement of soil layers in the vertical direction and comparing their moisture. The movement of soil in the vertical direction is quantified by a comparative study of the moisture content in the upper and lower layers of the treated formation before and after exposure to operating devices. Using appropriate equipment, there were determined the moisture content in the most susceptible to evaporation surface layer of 0–5 cm and then the average value of the layer-by-layer measurement up to a depth of 25 ÷ 35 cm, depending on the selected operating modes of the operating device.
Impact of the activities of tour operators destabilizing changes in tourist destinations and ecotourism as a factor to minimize them
Authors: Pysarevskyi Illia , Obolentseva Larysa , Polchaninova Iryna , Kharchenko Oksana , Uhodnikova Olenа
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the issues of incorporating external risk factors into the detail of tour operators. The purpose of the article is to investigate the redistribution of tourist flows under the influence of natural and man-made factors, in particular, plane crashes, terrorist attacks, political events, earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes and more. The article contains an analysis of the following aspects: transport services; services that ensure the comfort of stay of tourists outside of permanent residence (food, freedom of communication, accommodation, etc.); services that of the tourist may need while staying on a one-time of tourist the trip (treatment, entertainment, souvenirs, etc.). The author proposes a mechanism for predicting the volume of tourist flows based on the use of mathematical modeling, which will allow to take into account the scale of the crisis, its terms, development and distribution in order to improve the activities of the crisis in the event of crisis caused by natural and technological factors in one or another tourist direction and ensuring their stable functioning under conditions of destabilizing factors. It is proposed to consider ecological tourism as a factor in minimizing the negative effects of human impact on the environment and reducing man-made impact.
Stress-strain condition of reinforced timber structures with artificially created weakenings
Authors: Shchelokova Tatiana , Tararushkin Evgeny
Published: June 2020

About 20% of the world’s timber grows in Russia, but the huge forest-raw material potential is used inefficiently. The forest industry is modestly represented and the Russian economy brings minimal income. In recent decades, more serious requirements have been placed on building structures, but the quality of lumber has been steadily declining throughout the world. The modern woodworking industry improves the quality of lumber by removing unacceptable wood defects, followed by end gluing of boards to a “mustache” or “toothed joint”. Of all types of joints of wooden elements, the notched adhesive or “toothed joint” provides the best use of their bearing capacity, since it causes less weakening of the cross-section of the elements, which is characteristic of other methods of joining (nailing, bolting, etc.). But along with this, the results of numerous tests showed that in conditions of mass production, the main place of destruction is the “toothed joint” or gear joints (about 50%) in the layers of the structures of the stretched zone. The presence in the most stressed layers of the stretched zone of the bent glued elements of the gear joints leads, as a rule, to the destruction of the elements precisely because of these weaknesses. As a result, there is a need for a more detailed and indepth study of the effect of artificially created weakenings on the work of wooden structures. One of the methods for improving the performance of structures made of low-grade wood is their reinforcement. The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of influence of some artificially created types of attenuation on the stress-strain state of reinforced wooden beams. The main research methods: mathematical calculations, computer modeling in the PC “COSMOS / M”, experiment. The experimental design technique is given [27]. The results are presented in the form of graphs and tables. The main conclusions made after the work: deformability in reinforced beams is 15-20% lower than in unreinforced ones; the destruction of reinforced beams with a weakened cross section occurs without a sharp collapse, due to the supporting effect of the reinforcement in the stretched zone and the reliable connection of the reinforcement with the wood, which provides an adhesive joint up to the destruction of the wood. The safety factor of reinforced wooden structures varies from 3.00 to 5.00.
New types of windows’ forms as a fundamental to reach multifunctional properties of windows in agricultural facilities
Authors: Stetsky Sergey , Shchelokova Tatiana
Published: June 2020

The presented article deals with problems of internal environmental characteristics in premises of agricultural facilities in regions with hot and sunny climate. Environmental conditions are being considered in close linkage with forms, proportions and sizes of windows traditionally used in regions in question and with geometrics of new types of windows. It was stated that windows in the said climate have a great effect on the different microclimatic environmental regimes in the premises in question, i.e. on the internal lighting of interiors, thermal gains due to solar radiation, noise penetration, etc. Also, the paper considers another variable – the informative quality of a window. This one not only dictates the geometrics of window openings, but also needs a vast experimental research to be conducted on subjective appraisal of quantity and quality of outdoor information through considered windows.
Development of technology for water purification by filtration using vibration
Authors: Serpokrylov Nikolai , Smolyanichenko Alla , Nelidin Vladimir
Published: June 2020

Improving the quality of water treatment is accompanied by an increase in technology requirements. An important role in solving problems of technological ensuring the quality of treatment, among which a prominent place is occupied by filtration methods, biological, chemical and mechanical methods. Among the mentioned cleaning methods, mechanical cleaning methods and one of its varieties are widely used, a new model water purification by filtration using vibrationtechnology.
Method of biological treatment of agricultural waste by microbial synthesis
Authors: Kokieva Galia , Pekhutov Aleksandr , Petunov Sergey , Okhlopkova Marfa , Kondakova Nadezhda
Published: June 2020

Traditional manure management is unacceptable for dilute manure, the share of which in the structure of organic waste from livestock farms and complexes is continually increasing. The approach is relevant, at the first stage of implementation, it is necessary to create the supply base for non-conventional energy using, including organic biomass energy (manure, crop waste, etc.). Also, the problem of waste utilization is closely linked to another environment protection, which requires intensive recycling of animal agriculture. It requires necessary to search reclamation methods that would ensure the utilization of agrotechnical, energetic, feed, and other properties. The article presents the treatment process of manure utilization by microbial synthesis.
Recognition of “flowering” processes on the base of remote sensing data in shallow water ponds on the example of the Azov Sea
Authors: Ganzhur Marina , Dyachenko Nikita , Smirnova Olga , Poluyan Anna , Panasenko Natalya
Published: June 2020

This work considers to the processes of «bloom» phytoplankton processes that cause hypoxic phenomena in shallow waters the example of the Sea of Azov. For the accumulation of information, multichannel satellite images of remote sensing are taken as a basis. In the process, the task of programmatically highlighting the contours of the areas of «bloom» is implemented.
Complex coastal protective measures to protect the sandy beach
Authors: Dreizis Yuriy , Kostin Vladislav
Published: June 2020

The environmental impact of the engineering project was taken into account when carrying out comprehensive studies of shore protection engineering measures for the Lazurnoye region of the Kherson region of Ukraine on the north-western coast of the Black Sea. The optimal configuration of hydrotechnical structures are choosen to protect the beach in the region of the incoming wave impact. The entire coastline of the Lazurnoye region is about 3000 meters. In the course of modelling and numerical experiments, the transfer of bottom sediments to the coast, the evolution of the coastline and beaches, and other coastal processes were studied. The project of comprehensive coastal protection of the Lazurnoye region, presented on the basis of mathematical and hydraulic modelling, has allowed the development of engineering solutions that meet coastal protection and environmental requirements. The most expedient variant of coastal protective measures was the creation of a system of the beachprotected structures capes from sections of the permeable slope-steps designs with wave damping chambers. The presented research results and the solution of many problems of the dynamics of the coastal zone of the sea can be considered as an attempt to manage coastal processes on rather large and complex sections of the coast with a joint solution to the problems of hydraulic engineering, management of water quality in the coastal zone of the sea, and the choice of optimal options with the least impact on the environment.
Introduction potential of GPS navigation technology for supervision control at capital construction, reconstruction and conversion projects
Authors: Topchiy Dmitriy , Yurgaytis Alexey , Yurgaytis Dmitriy
Published: June 2020

This article analyzes potential use of various navigation technologies to implement building supervision functions for capital construction, reconstruction and conversion projects. It indicates the basic prerequisites for the development of such technologies and describes the navigation physical principle applicable due to its properties for a certain range of supervision functions in the construction industry. The article also examines testing of Corresponding software systems on the construction sites in Moscow in control operations by the Technical Customer’s engineers, and analyzes the potential of using adjacent navigation systems for similar purposes as compared with the main physical and technical characteristics of implementation in professional software packages.
Prospects for development of Russian agricultural industry in the context of export-oriented strategy implementation in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Kholodova Marina , Kabanenko Mikhail , Orekhova Lyudmila , Dubrova Lyudmila , Kolycheva Zhanna
Published: June 2020

The research concept consists in the development of theoretical and empirical approaches for analysis and assessment of Russian agricultural production development trends in the context of exportoriented strategy implementation in the agro-industrial complex. The research is conducted using complex of methods of mathematical modeling in economics, including extrapolation methods (linear and non-linear trend models for analyzing the time dynamics of production and economic variables), scenario forecasting, Delphi approach. The projected parameters of the export potential of Russian agricultural production are developed and represented in the paper. Based on the data of 2009-2018, the development state is analyzed and trends become visible of the farm stock structure by farming categories in the Russian Federation and staple food production, including meat, milk, vegetables, potatoes, grain and sunflower. Three forecasting scenarios of staple food production per capita in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025 are developed and proved (base case, best-case and worst-casescenarios).
The agricultural crops production profitability in modern conditions
Authors: Zhichkin Kirill , Nosov Vladimir , Zhichkina Lyudmila , Zhenzhebir Vyacheslav , Rubtsova Svetlana
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the issues of determining the crop production profitability, which may arise when assessing agricultural land in the Samara region. When evaluating profitability, it is necessary to take into account revenue, cost of production. Moreover, taking into account factors for a short-term period (1 year) does not give a real picture, so in the context of counter-sanctions, when agricultural producers are in favorable conditions, an increased value of profitability is noted, which is impossible in the longterm.
Study of agricultural export prospects
Authors: Solonenko Anna , Medvedeva Lyudmila , Mostovaya Yuliya
Published: June 2020

The issues concerning the study of prospects of agricultural products export are considered in the article, including working out a strategic plan of Russian seafood export development. The analysis of revealed priority export markets for fish and fish products is conducted using a number of indicators in order to work out the encouragement and support tools of development of fish and seafood export from Russian Federation. The basic mechanisms of state support of seafood export development are described as one of the priority guidelines of agroindustrial complex development.
The use of SmartBox container for agrobusiness logistic processes optimization
Authors: Korotky Anatoly , Popov Sergey , Galchenko Galina , Marchenko Julianna , Drozdov Dmitriy
Published: June 2020

The problems of agrobusiness transport and logistics processes optimization using SMART BOX container and administration software package, and optimization of container delivery routes are considered. Current software product can be used as a computer laboratory for training students in the specialty “Organization of transport processes.”
Sustainable banking and possibilities of its application in case of agricultural credit support: world experience and prospects for the Russian Federation
Authors: Urazova Svetlana
Published: June 2020

The article describes the features of bank lending to agriculture, taking into account the focus on achieving sustainable development goals, based on world experience synthesis in the application of sustainable banking, including agricultural lending, recommendations were developed aimed at developing bank lending to agriculture in the Russian Federation based on the ideas of sustainable banking.
National taxation policies dynamics in agrarian industry globalization: assessing the efficiency factors
Authors: Wajeetongratana Prateep
Published: June 2020

This research study takes up the criteria of comfortable/harsh national taxation policies in an attempt to analyze various impacts of countries’ tax systems on their macroeconomic growth as well as on countries’ participation in the world economic processes. More specifically, the article analyzes the correlation between the dynamics of tax regimes’ components on the one side and the macroeconomic indicators of countries on the other, while the authors present their own, original classification of the countries divided into groups depending on the level of their wellbeing. Further on, authors’ conclusions are focused around the efficiency of fiscal instruments in part of economic growth stimulation and trade attractiveness. These conclusions are generally applicable to the majority of today’s countries. Also, the study shows how tax policies and tax regimes (de)stimulate economic growth and increase/decrease trade attractiveness of different countries in today’s globalized world. This obviously proves that taxation overall has enough power to affect national macroeconomic growth in general and foreign trade in particular. Indirectly, it also has the power to affect social wellbeing and the state of nationalinfrastructure.
What is the share of population to the agro-industrial economy? A measure of demographic dividend in Indonesia
Authors: Rajagukguk Wilson
Published: June 2020

This study aims to measure the share of population to economic growth, demographic dividend, in Indonesia. The analysis employed the Cobb-Douglas model. The data came from the Indonesia’s National Account in 1970–2015, divided into two time spans (1970–1992 and 1993–2015). The dependent variable is the gross domestic product at current prices. The independent variables are investment, population, and employment opportunity. The demographic dividend is defined as the difference in the share of population between the first time span and second time span. It was found that the magnitude of demographic dividend through the whole population is 1.8874% and through the employment opportunity is 1.4557%. The measure of demographic dividend in this study is a new measure of demographic dividend in Indonesia.
State regulation of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian federation on the basis of foodstuff self-sufficiency need
Authors: Shabalina Lyudmila , Kopteva Lyudmila , Mottaeva Angela
Published: June 2020

In the article the need for state regulation of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is founded upon the basis of food self-sufficiency call under conditions of sanctions. It is determined that when forming the mechanism of import substitution, an integrated approach is necessary, taking into account the peculiarities of the state development and the use of all types of potential. The existing trends in the functioning of the Russian Federation agricultural sector are noted. The main problem of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is revealed to be the lack of state support and funding, as well as the drawbacks of state regulation. It was revealed that, despite the identified positive tendencies in the development of the agro-industrial complex, with the purpose of stabilization it is necessary to upgrade the technical and technological spheres on the basis of an innovative approach to scientific and technological developments in all sectors of the agroindustrial complex. It was also pointed out to the fact in the sphere of food supply, an effective import substitution policy is possible provided that conditions for the development of Russian production of competitive food products are created. It is advisable to form import substitution on the basis of a closed production cycle within the state, in which producers are involved in supply and delivery chains directly to trading enterprises, and that requires improvements of the interaction system of all market actors. At the same time, producers are supposed to be able to significantly increase income, and consumers are supposed to have favorable food prices. A model of import substitution state regulation mechanism in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation on the basis of selfsufficiency need in food is proposed, which is a set of stages for the implementation of a certain sequence of actions where each of the twelve stages is specified. In the process of implementation of the proposed model significant advantages can be achieved in the economic, technical and organizational spheres of the agriculturalsector.
Forest Vegetation Cover in Binh Chau - Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve in Southern Vietnam
Authors: Dang Viet Hung , Potokin Alexander , Dang Thi Lan Anh , Nguyen Thi Ha , Le Van Son
Published: June 2020

Binh Chau Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve is located in the tropical rainforest zone of southeast Vietnam. The obtained results from the study undertaken on the composition of plant species and forest vegetation in Binh Chau Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve indicated a record of 743 species, 423 genera and 122 families that belongs to the three divisions of vascular plants. These includes: Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta. Useful plants of 743 taxonomy species listed consists of 328 species of medicinal plants, 205 species of timber plants, 168 species of edible plants, 159 species of ornamental plants, 56 species of industrial plants, 10 species of fiber plants and 29 species of unknown use plants, respectively. During the duration of investigation, Nervilia aragoana Gaudich. was newly recorded in the forest vegetation of Binh Chau Phuoc Buu Reserve. A variety of forest vegetations in the area under study is described. In this study, two major vegetation types of forest were identified in Binh Chau Phuoc BuuReserve.
National power measurement (case study: Oceania, Europa and North America)
Authors: Motaghi Samira , Mottaghi Afshin , Pletnev Dmitry , Nikolaeva Ekaterina , Kapkaev Iuner
Published: June 2020

There is co-relation between national endowment and acceding to the health industry. The national power of each country reflects the level of influence at different levels of political, economic, and so on in order to advance a country’s major goals. National power is not a mere abstraction, but the national power of a country is the result of a set of variables that all lead to the formation of a nation’s national power. This article focuses on the national strength of the Western European Union (EU) countries of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia and New Zealand. As the national power of states determines the extent of their interactions and levels, it is necessary to investigate and measure this issue. In this paper, using the descriptive-analytical and mathematical methods of SAV and TOPSIS and finally averaging these two methods to measure the factors affecting the national power of countries based on the nine components of national power (political, economic, social, cultural, Educational, transboundary, space, territorial and military science).The results show that the United States, Canada, Germany, France, Australia, Luxembourg, Sweden, and Denmark ranksfirst.
The psychological and pedagogical model of training in the educational space for the agricultural sector
Authors: Khutornaya Margarita , Zlobin Аndrey
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the issues of preparing a student for professional activities in the context of digitalization. Analyzed are pedagogical technologies focused on the implementation of scientific research and aimed at the most effective and rational methods of training, taking into account labor market trends. It describes in detail the integration into the educational space of interactive learning and the effectiveness of its application. The author proposes a theoretical psychological and pedagogical model, which includes blocks: interactive learning, positive factors (contributing to the development of positive educational motivation), negative factors (which impede the development of positive motivational activity), “I-image”, development of needs, basic properties of the nervous system. More attention is paid to stress resistance, as one of the individual and personal determinants that determine the demand for labor in the agriculturalsector.
Challenge based learning in full-day schools of Germany: organization features and development factors in media pedagogical discourse
Authors: Dubover Denis , Peniaz Anastasia
Published: June 2020

In a post-industrial society, the importance of information increases at an uncontrollable rate that leads to new challenges in the educational environment and especially in general educational institutions. The aim of the article is to analyze the successful experience of project work implementation in the field of media education in Germany in the conditions of a full-day training system for analyzing the possibilities of its implementation to domestic pedagogy. Materials and Methods Observation method, expert interviews and surveys were used for data collection and processing. The research was conducted in the framework of the implementation of DAAD Research Programme at the European University of Flensburg and full-day schools in Hamburg. A sample set of empirical research includes 350 students, 25 teachers, 12 school counselors, 12 full-day school principals in Hamburg and SchleswigHolstein. Research results. As a result of the observation, an understanding of the forms and methods of project work was obtained, various relationships were established between media education, project work and the achievement of social and personal competencies (soft skills). The analyzed documents show clear dynamics in the field of legalization of project activities and understanding of the need to achieve social and personal competencies through projectwork.
Targeted English course for agricultural and environmental engineering students: a tool to increase motivation and competitiveness
Authors: Gagarina Oksana
Published: June 2020

Being a lingua franca in science and technology, English is still second-rate among agricultural and environmental engineering students in Russia as they do not consider English to be a profession-related subject. The article addresses an issue of revealing the needs of agricultural and environmental engineering students in language learning and designing a tailored course that integrates English into a range of professional subjects. Themainpurposeistomakethecoursebetteradjustedtothelearners’needs. A survey involving 85 agricultural and environmental engineering students and65researchers,engineersandlecturerswascarriedout.Thepurposewas to identify students’ expectations from the course, as well as gather information on professional communication areas where English is used. Professional engineers turned out to struggle with speaking necessary for oral communication and delivery of presentations, as well as writing. The students had low motivation due to lack of practice and unawareness of benefits that English may bring for professional career. The revealed needs wereincorporatedintothetailoredmoduleofEnglish forSpecificPurposes. ItcontainedTask-basedlearning,carefullyselectedprofessionalandcultural materials. The module proved its effectiveness that resulted in increased motivation of students to learn and use English as they got aware of new prospects that English had tooffer.
Error analysis of a conforming and locking-free four-field formulation for the stationary Biot’s model
Authors: Oyarzúa Ricardo , Rhebergen Sander , Solano Manuel , Zúñiga Paulo
Published: June 2020

We present ana priorianda posteriorierror analysis of a conforming finite element method for a four-field formulation of the steady-state Biot’s consolidation model. For thea priorierror analysis we provide suitable hypotheses on the corresponding finite dimensional subspaces ensuring that the associated Galerkin scheme is well-posed. We show that a suitable choice of subspaces is given by the Raviart–Thomas elements of orderk≥ 0 for the fluid flux, discontinuous polynomials of degreekfor the fluid pressure, and any stable pair of Stokes elements for the solid displacements and total pressure. Next, we develop a reliable and efficient residual-baseda posteriorierror estimator. Both the reliability and efficiency estimates are shown to be independent of the modulus of dilatation. Numerical examples in 2D and 3D verify our analysis and illustrate the performance of the proposeda posteriorierror indicator.
Operationsindikationen bei neuroendokrinen Neoplasien des Pankreas
Authors: Bösch Florian , Belyaev Orlin , Brunner Maximilian , Müller-Debus Charlotte Friederieke , Grützmann Robert , Keck Tobias , Uhl Waldemar , Witzigmann Helmut , Werner Jens ,   Olga Radulova-Mauersberger
Published: June 2020

Neuroendokrine Neoplasien des Pankreas (pNEN) haben aufgrund ihrer ansteigenden Inzidenz und Prävalenz eine zunehmende klinische Bedeutung. Ihr Erscheinungsbild variiert sehr stark, da manche dieser Tumoren Hormone sezernieren. Ihnen gemeinsam ist die Tendenz zur frühen Metastasierung. Dennoch ist die Tumorgröße, neben der Graduierung, ein wichtiger prognostischer Marker. Anhand einer systematischen Literaturrecherche und der Formulierung von konkreten Schlüsselfragen nach dem PICO-Schema sind Therapieempfehlungen formuliert worden. Durch die Befragung im Delphi-Verfahren unter den Mitgliedern der „Arbeitsgruppe Pankreas“ und der „Arbeitsgruppe Indikationsqualität“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie erstellten wir sodann evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlungen für Patienten mit einem pNEN. Die chirurgische Resektion dieser Tumoren stellt das einzige potenzielle kurative Verfahren dar. Sporadische wie auch hereditäre pNEN > 2 cm stellen eine Operationsindikation dar, unabhängig von ihrer funktionellen Aktivität. Bei kleineren Tumoren kann u. U. auch ein abwartendes Verhalten indiziert sein. Anhand der aktuellen Daten ist eine Empfehlung hierzu aber nicht grundsätzlich zu geben und auch pNEN von 1 – 2 cm Größe sind daher eine relative Operationsindikation. Hereditäre pNEN stellen eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung dar und diese Patienten sollten gemeinsam an einem Zentrum für neuroendokrine Tumoren betreut werden. Patienten mit Fernmetastasen sind nicht grundsätzlich als palliativ anzusehen, da neben der Metastasenchirurgie auch Debulking-Operationen indiziert sein können.
Machine Learning and Learning Machines: KI in der Aus- und Weiterbildung
Authors: Felińska Eleni Amelia , Wagner Martin , Müller-Stich Beat Peter , Nickel Felix
Published: June 2020

Die Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) geht Hand in Hand mit der Digitalisierung der chirurgischen Aus- und Weiterbildung und wird in der Zukunft immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnen. Die Anforderungen an KI in der chirurgischen Aus- und Weiterbildung sind vielfältig – genauso vielfältig sind ihre Einsatzmöglichkeiten. KI wird zunehmend im chirurgischen Curriculum berücksichtigt, auch wenn sie manchmal nicht auf den ersten Blick erkennbar ist und durch ihre Algorithmen eher im Hintergrund agiert. Die modernen digitalen Lehrmethoden und Sensortechnik eröffnen neue Wege für die Einbindung der KI in die chirurgische Aus- und Weiterbildung. Die ersten Schritte sind bereits implementiert – KI unterstützt die Erstellung von digitalem Bildmaterial zu Lehrzwecken oder erfasst mithilfe von Sensortechnik die chirurgische Leistung, um diese zu analysieren. Diverse Virtual- und Augmented-Reality-Simulatoren werden nicht nur als effektive Trainingswerkzeuge genutzt, sondern stellen vielmehr wertvolle Quellen für chirurgische Daten dar. All dies birgt enormes Potenzial für neue Erkenntnisse im Bereich der Lehrforschung, was zur Entwicklung von hocheffektiven und evidenzbasierten Lehrkonzepten beiträgt.
KI und neue Wege der Care-Navigation
Authors: Hirsch Martin C.
Published: June 2020

Digitale medizinische Intelligenz in den Taschen von Bürgern eröffnet neue Chancen der Patienten-Navigation – gerade auch in Zeiten von Epidemien. Hierin liegt eine historische Chance für das Gesundheitssystem als Ganzes und eine neue Rolle für die Universitätsmedizin.
KI-Anwendungen in der Patientenversorgung heute und morgen
Authors: Kleemann Markus
Published: June 2020

Seit der Konzeption des Turing-Testes 1950 von Alan Turing und über die Beschreibung und Entwicklung erster künstlicher neuronaler Netzwerke 1951 durch Minsky, wenden wir im Jahr 2020 Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) regelhaft an, ohne dass uns dies bewusst ist. Navigationssysteme, automatische Übersetzungssysteme, die Spracherkennung in den Mobiltelefonen oder der Hochgeschindigkeitshandel an den Börsen verwenden heute bereits Methoden des sog. maschinellen Lernens. Die Entwicklung der kommenden Dekaden ist derzeit noch nicht abzuschätzen. Experten stellen für die Anwendung von künstlicher Intelligenz nicht mehr in Frage, ob sie kommt, sondern differieren nur noch in den unterschiedlichen Annahmen wann sie kommt.

Die ersten weit verbreiteten Anwendungen der KI werden wahrscheinlich in Form von Computer-Augmentation der menschlichen Leistungsfähigkeit sein. In Zukunft wird ein Chirurg feststellen, dass die AI-Analyse von bevölkerungs- und patientenspezifischen Daten jede Phase der Versorgung ergänzen wird. Eine automatisierte Analyse aller präoperativen mobilen und klinischen Daten könnte einen patientenspezifischeren Risikoscore für die operative Planung liefern und wertvolle Prädiktoren für die postoperative Versorgung bieten. Im Vordergrund stehen für klinisch tätige Ärzte unter dem Stichwort Digitalisierung und Health IT vornehmlich Aspekte der Patientensicherheit, der sicheren Anwendung von KI-Algorithmen per se und der Datensicherheit. Um die klinische Akzeptanz von KI-Anwendungen zukünftig zu erhöhen, sind curriculäre und extracurrikuläre Ausbildungen aufseiten des medizinischen Personals notwendig. Der notwendige Kompetenzerwerb verlangt eine aktive Auseinandersetzung mit den Kernthemen der digitalen Transformation.
Successful Outcomes following Repair of a Type A Aortic Dissection during Pregnancy
Authors: Akhmerov Akbarshakh , D'Attellis Nicola , Shah Aamir S.
Published: June 2020

Type A aortic dissections during pregnancy are rare but lethal events, with reported mortalities as high as 60%. Unique changes in hemodynamics, hormone-related alterations in aortic tissue, and preexisting risk factors place patients at an elevated risk for dissection. We report a successful repair of a Type A aortic dissection at 32 weeks of gestation, with excellent outcomes in both mother and child. This report highlights the importance of gestational age and multidisciplinary effort.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations
Authors: Bulpa Pierre , Duplaquet Fabrice , Dimopoulos George , Vogelaers Dirk , Blot Stijn
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, reports in the literature support that patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at higher risk to develop invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). However, the interpretation of Aspergillus-positive cultures from the airways in critically ill COPD is still a challenge. Indeed, as the patient could be merely colonized, tissue samples are required to ascertain IPA diagnosis but they are rarely obtained before death. Consequently, diagnosis is often only suspected on the basis of a combination of three elements: clinical characteristics, radiological images (mostly thoracic CT scan), and microbiological, and occasionally serological, results. To facilitate the analysis of these data, several algorithms have been developed, and the best effectiveness has been demonstrated by the Clinical algorithm. This is of importance as IPA prognosis in these patients remains presently very poor and using such an algorithm could promote prompter diagnosis, early initiation of treatment, and subsequently improved outcome.

While the most classical presentation of IPA in critically ill COPD patients features a combination of obstructive respiratory failure, antibiotic-resistant pneumonia, recent or chronic corticosteroid therapy, and positive Aspergillus cultures from the lower respiratory tract, the present article will also address less typical presentations and discuss the most appropriate treatments which could alter prognosis.
Numerical simulation and trumpet optimization of the inside inhaling and outside pressing dust collector
Authors: Lu Zhongliang , Ren Jingzhang , Wang Hongli
Published: June 2020

Dust seriously affects the safe production of coal mines, and a high dust concentration operating environment is harmful to the health of miners. It is necessary to take dust reduction measures on the working surface. In order to improve the effect of dust prevention and control on a fully mechanized excavation face, we studied the characteristics of dust production in a fully mechanized excavation face and the working principle of inside inhaling and outside pressing dust collectors, selected three shapes of dust collector trumpets, and used the FLUENT software to carry out the numerical simulation of air flow and dust concentration. By analyzing the state of movement of air flow and the concentration change in discrete phase dust particles through simulation, the results showed that the C-shaped bell mouth had the best effect on reducing the concentration of dust on the working surface and can effectively improve the working environment of a fully mechanized excavation face, which provides theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of dust in fully mechanized excavation work.
Millimeter-wave emission spectrometer based on direct digital synthesis
Authors: Zou Luyao , Motiyenko Roman A. , Margulès Laurent , Alekseev Eugen A.
Published: June 2020

We present a millimeter-wave Fourier transform emission spectrometer whose design is based on the application of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) up-converted into the Ku-band with subsequent frequency multiplication. The spectrometer covers the frequency range from 50 GHz to 110 GHz and from 150 GHz to 330 GHz. Owing to the fast frequency switching ability of the DDS in the spectrometer, the same radiation source is used both as a generator of short polarizing pulses and as a local oscillator for the heterodyne receiving system. Such a design provides intrinsically coherent reception that allows very long-term data averaging in the time domain, which improves considerably the maximum sensitivity of the spectrometer. The performances of the spectrometer including the data acquisition rate, the sensitivity, and the accuracy of line frequency measurements were tested on the rotational spectra of OCS, NH2CHO, and CH3CH2CN. We show that in the frequency range of 150–300 GHz, the maximum sensitivity of the spectrometer for a 10 min integration time is around 10−9 cm−1 (the minimal value of the absorption coefficient of detectable rotational transition) in the case of narrowband single frequency pulse excitation, and around 10−8 cm−1 in the case of broadband chirped-pulse excitation.
Stackable acoustic holograms
Authors: Brown Michael D. , Cox Ben T. , Treeby Bradley E.
Published: June 2020

Acoustic holograms can be used to form complex distributions of pressure in 3D at MHz frequencies from simple inexpensive ultrasound sources. The generation of such fields is vital to a diverse range of applications in physical acoustics. However, at present, the application of acoustic holograms is severely hindered by the static nature of the resulting fields. In this work, it is shown that by intentionally reducing the diffraction efficiency of each hologram, it is possible to create stackable acoustic holograms that can be repositioned to reconfigure the combined acoustic field. An experimental test-case consisting of two holograms, each designed to generate a distinct distribution of acoustic foci, is used to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. Field scans taken for four different positions of the two holograms confirm that the individual patterns for each hologram can be arbitrary translated relative to one another. This allows for the generation of a much greater range of fields from a single transducer than could be created using a single hologram.
Microscopic mechanism of thermomagnetic instabilities in type-II superconducting thin films under AC magnetic fields
Authors: Jing Ze
Published: June 2020

Thermomagnetic instability is one of the significant challenges for the application of superconducting devices. In this paper, the microscopic mechanism of thermomagnetic instability in superconducting films subjected to a transient AC magnetic field is numerically investigated by coupling the generalized time dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations and the heat diffusion equation. The influences of magnetic field ramp rate, ambient temperature, and nanometer-sized artificial pinning on the vortex matter are considered in our simulations. It has been found that vortex alignment and repulsion play significant roles in the branching of the penetration trajectories of the magnetic flux. Under fast ramping magnetic fields, the increase in the temperature and instability in the vortex matter are more significant. However, the rising temperature and jump size in the magnetization weaken as the ambient temperature increases. Pronounced hysteresis in the vortex dynamics has been found in the film subjected to AC magnetic fields. As the AC cycle proceeds, the vortex penetration process gets more unstable. We have also found that the nanometer sized pinning strongly modulates the penetration of vortices and the vortex matter is highly correlated with the lattice structure of the pinning sites. Our results provide new insights into vortex dynamics and give a mesoscopic understanding on the channeling and branching in the vortex penetration paths in superconductors under AC magnetic fields.
Psychological states of COVID-19 quarantine
Authors: Ng Lillian Lywan
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The psychological effects of mass quarantine following the COVID-19 lockdown are likely to be significant. Emotional and behavioural responses to quarantine are related to a psychological state of anxiety. These and other emotions are normal and may even be adaptive. The exceptional circumstances of a national lockdown provide an opportunity to develop mental health literacy in the form of psychological first aid, to enable wider awareness of how individuals can contribute to listening and supporting others psychologically. This has potential implications for skilling clinicians and the public about responding to mental distress. As frontline health-care workers, general practitioners may themselves need to be recipients of psychological first aid and support as they deal with adverse consequences of the quarantine period.
Re-examining the mass-count distinction
Authors: Bale Alan , Gillon Brendan
Published: June 2020

This paper argues that the mass-count distinction does not represent a fundamental division between the world's languages. We demonstrate that such a distinction, as commonly defined within the linguistic literature, often conflates two facts: the semantic fact, found in all languages, that some words have atomic denotations and some do not, and the morphosyntactic fact, found in languages with contrasting singular-plural morphology, that some nouns have both singular and plural forms while others have only one such form. By comparing English with Mandarin Chinese, we discuss whether this morphosyntactic distinction might correlate with the presence or absence of a rich classifier system (as well as other types of quantification). This potential correlation has greatly influenced how linguists have investigated nominal systems across languages and it has even led some to hypothesize that morphosyntactic subcategories might determine the ways in which a grammar can “count” and “quantify.” We outline some important exceptions to this proposed correlation in languages such as Ch’ol, Mi’gmaq and Western Armenian. The paper concludes by arguing not only that there is no such correlation, but that linguists should rethink how they investigate nominal systems, focusing more on lexical variation (even within a single language) than on parametric variations across languages.