bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Railway rolling noise mitigation through optimal track design
Authors: Andrés Ruiz Víctor Tomás , Martínez Casas José , Carballeira Morado Javier , Denia Guzmán Francisco David , Thompson D. J.
Published: May 2022

The main goal of the present work lies in the identification of the railway track properties that influence acoustic radiation, as well as in the analysis of these properties for the reduction of sound levels. This is achieved through a dynamic model of the railway wheel and track that allows the study of rolling noise, produced as a result of wheel/rail interaction. The vibroacoustic calculation methodology consists of characterising the railway wheel and track, using finite element techniques and periodic structure theory [1,2], respectively. Subsequently, the response of the railway components, which is caused by the roughness present in the surface of the wheel and rail, is determined. Finally, after having the vibrational response of the railway elements, the sound power radiated by them is calculated using the acoustic model developed by D. J. Thompson et al. and implemented in TWINS software [3]. The influence of the track properties on the sound radiation is analysed through statistical techniques applied to the acoustic power results of different track configurations. To do this, the geometry of the rail profile is parameterised and simulations are carried out by modifying these parameters and the viscoelastic properties of the track components. From the results obtained, a number of guidelines are presented for the noise mitigation of the involved railway subcomponents. Between the worst and the best track design, there are differences of approximately 7.5 dB(A) in the radiation (considering the wheel, rail and sleeper noise), which means that an optimised track design can be found with an acoustic radiation 5.5 times lower than another design.
A vibroacoustic model of the stationary railway wheel for sound radiation prediction through an axisymmetric approach
Authors: Andrés Ruiz Víctor Tomás , Martínez Casas José , Carballeira Morado Javier , Denia Guzmán Francisco David
Published: May 2022

In previous works [1,2], different dynamic models of the railway wheel have been developed to predict its sound radiation; however, there are still certain aspects that can be improved. Specifically, the high computational cost of these models, either because they solve the fluid-structure interaction problem or because they solve the dynamics and acoustics of the three-dimensional wheel, make it difficult to carry out optimization simulations (involving a large number of computations) with the aim of achieving quieter designs. In the present work, a vibroacoustic model of the wheel is developed using an axisymmetric approach, yielding an efficient and comprehensive acoustic prediction tool. The calculation methodology consists of, firstly, adopting an axisymmetric approach to solve the vibrational dynamics of the wheel from its cross section, using finite element techniques [3]; subsequently, the acoustic radiation of the three-dimensional wheel is calculated from the dynamics of the cross section through an analytical formulation based on the harmonic nature of the response along the circumferential direction. Additionally, the wheel rotation is introduced in the model using an Eulerian approach [4], in order to consider the associated gyroscopic and inertial effects. Finally, the vibroacoustic model developed in the current work is benchmarked against commercial software that solves the fluid-structure interaction problem, showing an improvement in the computational performance.
Dynamic response of periodic infinite structure to arbitrary moving load based on the Finite Element Method
Authors: Gil-Romero Jaime , Gregori S. , Tur M. , Fuenmayor F.J.
Published: May 2022

Dynamics of repetitive structures subjected to moving loads is a common problem in railway engineering. Bridges, rails or catenaries are the most representative periodic structures, on which the train acts as a moving excitation. Usually, these structures are long enough to consider that their dynamic response is in permanent regime. In this work we present a method to obtain the steady-state solution of an infinite periodic structure subjected to a periodic moving load running at constant speed 𝑉𝑉.This problem has been dealt with in the literature by different approaches. Analytical models [1], two-and-a-half dimensional (2.5D) Finite Element models [2] and the Wave Finite Element Method (WFEM) [3] are found to be used. The method proposed in this work is valid for any generic periodic structure because it is modelled by the classical Finite Element Method. It is mathematically simpler and more efficient compared to WFEM, and it avoids the numerical problems that arise when WFEM is applied to catenaries.The proposed method consists of solving the dynamic interaction problem on a single repetitive block of the structure in which the periodicity condition is applied. Each block of length 𝐿𝐿 is excited by the same load. Thus, the periodicity condition states that the solution at the left boundary of the block is the same as at the right boundary but advanced a period 𝑇𝑇=𝐿𝐿/𝑉𝑉. This condition is imposed in the frequency domain and a procedure to shift into the time domain is presented.
A Model-Based Damage Identification using Guided Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Fiber Metal Laminates
Authors: Bellam Muralidhar Nanda Kishore , Lorenz Dirk
Published: May 2022

Fiber metal laminates (FML) are lightweight hybrid structural materials that combine the ductile properties of metal with high specific stiffness of fiber reinforced plastics. These advantages led to a dramatic increase in such materials for aeronautical structures over the last few years. One of the most common and vulnerable defects in FML is impact-related delamination, often invisible to the human eye. Guided ultrasonic waves (GUW) show high potential for monitoring structural integrity and damage detection in thin-walled structures by using the physical phenomena of wave propagation interacting with the defects [1]. The focus of this research project is on describing an inverse solution for the detection and characterization of defect in FML. Model-based damage analysis utilizes an accurate finite element model (FEM) of GUW interaction with the damage. The FEM is developed by project partners from mechanics at Helmut-Schmidt-University in Hamburg, Germany, and will be treated as a black-box for further analysis. A Bayesian approach (Markov chain Monte Carlo) is employed to characterize the damage and quantify its uncertainties. This inference problem in a stochastic framework requires a very large number of forward solves. Therefore, a profound investigation is carried out on different reduced-order modeling (ROM) methods in order to apply a suitable technique that significantly improves the computational efficiency. The proposed method is well illustrated on a simpler case study for the damage detection, localization and characterization using 2D elastic wave equation. The damage in this case is modeled as a reduction in the wave propagation velocity. The inference problem utilizes a parameterized projection-based ROM coupled with a surrogate model [2] instead of the underlying highdimensional model. This research is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Unit 3022 under grant LO1436/12-1.REFERENCES [1] R. Lammering, U. Gabbert, M. Sinapius, T. Schuster, P. Wierach (Eds)(2018) Lamb-Wave Based Structural Health Monitoring in Polymer Composites, Springer International Publishing. [2] Paul-Dubois-Taine A, Amsallem D. An adaptive and efficient greedy procedure for the optimal training of parametric reduced-order models. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 2014.
Random vibration fatigue analysis with the method of Isogeometric Analysis (IGA)
Authors: WANG Shubiao , Khalij Leila , Troian Renata
Published: May 2022

At present, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method is indispensable in the field of simulation technology, as this kind of numerical analysis method can help engineers to predict results, whic hare often difficult to obtain from experimental tests. However, the problem is that during the mesh generation process in FEA, it is required to spend a long time. It is estimated that about 80 percent of analysis time are devoted to mesh generation in some fields, such as automotive or shipbuilding industries. On the other hand, the imperfections of mesh models can lead to inaccurate problems. Inthis studying, we adopted a new numerical analysis method, Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) to develop a random vibration fatigue analysis. Two different numerical models were developed inLs Dyna software with IGA and FEM analysis: a plate with a hole and a wind turbine tower model.Convergence analyses were developed to investigate the differences in the aspect of computation time, maximum stress, etc. From the convergence analysis, it was shown that IGA and FEA convergence analyses provide similar maximum stress values, in which IGA is more time-efficientcompared with FEA. Secondly, isogeometric random vibration fatigue analysis was developed on the models. The objective was to compare the fatigue analysis results by IGA with the ones of FEA. In terms of fatigue analysis, IGA can predict the fatigue life using fewer NURBS elements and integration points in the thickness direction, which corresponds very well to the fatigue life computed by FEA.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) of the major salivary glands: an assessment of the optimal number
and combination of b-values
Authors: Kimura Mitsuhiro , Yabuuchi Hidetake , Narita Hiroshi , Kurihara Yoichi , Hisada Kiyoshi , Sakai Noriyuki , Nagatomo Kazuya , Mikayama Ryoji , Masaki Masafumi , Kimura Hiroshi
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To examine the optimal number and combination of b-values in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the major salivary glands.

Material and methods

IVIM-DWI was performed on 10 healthy volunteers using 13 b-values (low b-values: 0-100 s/mm2; high b-values: 200-1000 s/mm2). The IVIM parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient of the bilateral major salivary glands were calculated using 13 b-values and were considered the standard values. We sequentially reduced the number of b-values to 10, 8, 6, and 5. The parameters in each combination were calculated. The standard values were compared with the parameters from each reduced b-value in IVIM-DWI. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine whether there were any differences between the parameters in each combination. Bonferroni correction was conducted for multiple comparisons.

Results

There were no significant differences between the standard values and parameters from the 2 combinations of 6 b-values. However, significant differences were observed between the standard values and parameters from some combinations of only 2 low or only 2 high b-values.

Conclusions

IVIM-DWI of the major salivary glands could be performed using a minimum of 6 b-values. However, they should contain 3 low and 3 high b-values.
Sistem Pakar Dalam Diagnosa Penyakit Pada Tanaman
Authors: Mulyadi FNU
Published: May 2022

Penyakit dan hama tidak dapat di bedakan dari tanaman sekunder yang di temui petani. Untuk mengatasi hal ini. Petani harus mengandalkan keahlian improvisasi dan informasi dari orang lain, yang tidak efektif karena kelangkaan ahli dalam tanaman sekunder. Sistem pakar merupakan solusi dari keterbatasan seorang pakar dalam profesinya. Metode forward chaining digunakan dalam sistem pakar ini, dan aplikasi berbasis website. Pengguna yang memerlukan informasi atau penyuluhan tentang penyakit dan hama yang mempengaruhi tanaman sekunder dapat mengakses sistem pakar ini secara online. Sistem pakar akan mendiagnosa tanda-tanda yang akan ditanggapi oleh pengguna aplikasi dan akan menghasilkan kesimpulan serta pengobatan untuk penyakit dan hama yang mempengaruhi tanaman palawija. Selanjutnya menurunnya tingkat produksi tanaman khususnya untuk tanaman palawija disebabkan karena adanya serangan penyakit. selain itu, terlambat nya penanganan karena sedikitnya pakar juga mempengaruhi penurunan tingkat produksi tanaman. Sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah sistem pakar dalam pengambilan keputusan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat sebagai alat bantu untuk mengidentifikasi 42 jenis penyakit pada tanaman palawija serta solusi nya dengan input berupa gejala-gejala kerusakan yang terlihat pada bagian luar tanaman. Hasilnya berupa penelitian juga dapat menampilkan gambar penyakit, nama penyakit, gejala – gejala nya dan solusi yang dapat di lihat oleh pengguna untuk mengatasi penyakit tersebut. pengguna juga dapat mencetak hasil diagnosa dengan menekan tombol cetak untuk melihat hasil dari solusi dari penyakit tersebut.
Penerapan Model Decision Support System Dalam Penentuan Pemilihan Minat Siswa
Authors: Ula Mutammimul , Phonna Rizky Putra , Saputra Ilham , FNU Suheri , Pratama Angga
Published: May 2022

Identifikasi pengembangan minat dan bakat penting dilakukan guna mengetahui potensi siswa dalam memilih jurusan yang tepat. Hal ini penting dalam melihat jenis minat dan bakat khusus siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan minat dan bakat khusus pada siswa berdasarkan kemampuan dan kecerdasan siswa. Kriteria yang digunakan dalam seleksi adalah nilai ujian nasional, nilai test basic kompetensi, nilai raport, nilai ujian akhir sekolah dan nilai gabungan. Gabungan metode smart dan saw untuk melihat nilai penghitungan tingkat akurasi dengan hasil analisis dari masing-masing perangkingan. Hasil pengujian metode smart and saw dapat diterapkan dengan cara membandingkan data dengan sistem yang telah ditentukan di awal oleh pihak sekolah sehingga diperoleh tingkat akurasi yang baik. Selanjutnya nilai dari Abdul Nilai UN 6,00, Nilai Tes Kompetensi 7,00, Nilai Raport 6,00, Nilai Uas 9,00, Nilai Gabungan 8,00 untuk matrik normalisasi, 0,71, 1, 0,69, 1,00 1,00 dan hasil dari metode SAW. Abdu dengan nilai 4,28, Bahri dengan nilai 4,64, wisma dengan nilai 4,65 dan Izzah dengan nilai 4,51. untuk masing-masing minat siswa di tentukan oleh pihak sekolah. Hasil dari Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Utama untuk membantu sekolah membuat keputusan terbaik dengan memanfaatkan proses dalam pemilihan bakat siswa.
Stained Glass Painting Technique in the 19th Century. The Review of Henry James Snell's "Practical Instructions in Enamel Painting on Glass, China, Tiles, etc." (London, 1874). Part I
Authors: Lifshitz Lev Yuryevich , Fomicheva Daria Vladimirovna
Published: May 2022

Генри Джеймс Снелл (1842-1927) - известный английский мастер росписи по керамике и витражной живописи (выполнил более 3000 витражных окон), его мастерские находились в Лондоне и Брайтоне (графство Восточный Суссекс). Снелл также разрабатывал технологию добычи золота из морской воды, которую пытался наладить в промышленных масштабах (см. его книгу «Mr. Henry James Snell’s Process for the Extraction of Gold from Sea-Water (Works, Plants, etc., etc.)»). Автор пьес, стихов и песен, отец 17-ти детей. Ниже предлагаем читателям SA обзор материалов руководства Г. Дж. Снелла по витражу в сопровождении комментариев Л. Ю. Лифшица. Описанные Снеллом стадии работы, инструменты и технологии актуальны по сей день.
Ontological Paradox of Computer-Based Technologies Used in Education and Learning.
Authors: Ogaro D. Nyaoko Dr Anthony Ichuloi;
Published: May 2022

This study sought to investigate the ontological paradox of computer-based technologies used in education and learning. The argument of this article is that today, the use of computer-based technologies to enhance learning and disseminate knowledge is indispensable; however, this leads to an onto-educational shift in the way we regard intellectual development of learners as a subjective factor in education and the employed learning technologies themselves; a natural human subjective element of learning and knowledge is considered to be ineffective, while technologically stored and transferred facts of knowledge are given higher regard. Computer-based technologies used in education are appraised and institutionalized to the height that learners are sometimes unable to reflect on their own without recourse to the aid of such technologies. It is not enough to employ technology and technologically enhance learning, but also we have to question its impact on the intellectual development of learners. Appropriating Heidegger’s phenomenology, the ontology of the human subject provides a philosophical and normative foundation for a comprehensive analysis of the use of computer-based learning in the technological frame since it allows us to rethink more seriously about subjective factors in education in today's growing technological society. This article recommends that the embracement of educational and learning technologies should consider both subjective and technological aspects; a blended education and learning system would be appropriate.
Cremation: Views from Culture, Society and Church in Kenya.
Authors: Osore Omufulukhani Esilaba Caleb
Published: May 2022

This paper sought to investigate the cremation views from culture, society and church in Kenya. The paper is based on information derived from a synthesis of studies and data gathered from interviews and observations from Pastors and Church leaders in Kitengela, Kenya. Fifteen pastors from selected churches and ten leaders from Celebration Church Kitengela community were involved in the research. The population was chosen randomly, and a random sampling technique was used.  In-depth interviews were the primary data collection tools. The population was selected based on their knowledge of the subject. In addition, the author once attended a cremation service at Eastleigh Crematorium in Kenya, where he engaged some friends on the subject. The author shared and discussed with members of the Christian faith at Celebration Church Kitengela hall. Deep involvement in the face-to-face interactions and dialogues through social media forums gave the study dynamism. The study concluded from the historical context, cremation encountered massive opposition with support on burial as the most descend form of disposing the body. In addition, the bible is silent on how to specifically treat the dead; however, the general feeling from the numerous passages shows support to burial. This study recommended that there is a need for a dialogue that shall address this issue in light of the Church and African ethics. Both Church and ATR should frequently talk about the subject for members to understand its implications to the family, society, and the generation to come from a historical perspective.
Are school grounds safe for students? An examination of implementation of safety standards and guidelines in secondary schools in Kenya.
Authors: Prof. Henry K. Kiplangat PhD; Dr. Betty J.Tikoko, PhD. Sigei Jackline;
Published: May 2022

The objective of this paper was to investigate the relationship between the implementation of safety standards and guidelines for school grounds and student safety in public mixed boarding secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. Invitational Theory and Systems Theory guided the study. The target population included 2130 Form 4 students, 16 principals, 18 deputy principals representing all 16 public mixed boarding secondary schools in Nakuru, Kenya. The study applied a descriptive survey design. A census approach was used. A stratified sampling technique was used in categorising the population into three strata; principals, deputy principals, and Form 4 students. Principals and deputy principals were selected using the purposive sampling technique, while the students were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires, interview schedules and observation checklist was used in data collection. Data analysis was performed using tools in the SPSS version 22. The analysis involved computation of descriptive statistics: frequencies and percentages, and inferential statistics: Pearson Correlation. The data was later presented in tables and textually. The study found that implementation of Safety Standards and Guidelines for School Grounds have a statistically significant relationship with student safety in public mixed boarding secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study recommended that school management should consider taking inspection and supervision of the school grounds seriously. There should be serious compliance with the Safety Standards and Guidelines for School Grounds. The schools should follow the schools' guidelines on labelling trees showing those that may be poisonous as this had not been done.
Impact of Orphaned and Vulnerable Children’s (OVC) Intervention Programs on their Holistic Wellbeing in Kenya.
Authors: Rosemary Wahu Mbogo Ferdinand Wekesa Chemwende;
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the impact of OVC intervention programs on the holistic wellbeing of children in Residential children homes in Kajiado West sub-county. The question however is, how effective are the programs conducted in these homes to the wellbeing of the children? A mixed-methods research design was adopted for the study using both qualitative and quantitative data. Targeting one residential home in the sub-county that comprised children between the age of 12 to 25 years, a sample of 20 children was purposively selected from eighth grade, high school and tertiary institution going children as they were at a stage where they could provide relevant information given the length of their stay at the residential home. Data was then collected using self-administered questionnaires and an interview guide, which was further analysed descriptively, drawing findings, conclusions, and recommendations. The study evaluated the overall wellbeing of the children in various aspects, including their education, shelter, food and nutrition, economic status, protection, mental health and family with food and nutrition, shelter and spirituality having a higher impact at an average mean of 2.76, 2.73 and 2.73 respectively. Among the programs evaluated, mission visitors played a significant role in influencing children’s holistic wellbeing depicting a mean of 2.73 followed by talent identification programs at 2.50, Computer Programs at 2.40, Music lessons at 2.11 and Foreign Language at 2.00.
Destocking Question and the Environmental Degradation in Machakos County in Kenya: Myths and Facts.
Authors: Dr Pius K. Wanyonyi Lydia K. Muendo;
Published: May 2022

This article analyses environmental degradation and the destocking question in Machakos County. The establishment of colonial rule led to a considerable transformation in the environmental conditions of Machakos County. Human activities have always changed the physical environment, but the scale and impact grew enormously during the colonial period. In order to survive, the Akamba responded to the altered environmental conditions under the demands and restraints of colonial policies. Forceful destocking in the context of land alienation is discussed in this article from the political ecology theoretical framework. Akamba response to these changes is demonstrated as well as the consequent reaction of the colonial administration. Data for the article was drawn from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included archival records at the Kenya National Archives (Nairobi and Machakos). Both published and unpublished works were used to collect secondary data. Descriptive data analysis using qualitative methods of content analysis was applied. This article concluded that political considerations were made in regard environmental conservation. The intersection between colonialism, resource utilisation, and local and international politics fall in the context of environmental history. The area recommended for further research is the Second World War, the Mau Mau war and the clamour for independence as relates to land and its resources in terms of environmental conservation in Machakos County.
Morphology and Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals on Biochars: A Review
Authors: Mosonik Bornes Chelangat
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the morphology and environmentally persistent free radicals on biochars. It is true that the increase in population has led to exponential increase in demand for energy leading to gradual depletion of fossil fuel reserves. Therefore arises the need to search for alternative renewable clean and sustainable energy resource. Biomass derived fuels offers the best alternative to fossil fuel. Pyrolysis is one of the techniques used to produce biofuel from biomass. Thermal decomposition of biomass in limited supply of oxygen leads to emissions of complex matrices that affect biofuel utilization and stability. The major by-products from biomass pyrolysis include liquid oil, biochar and gases depending on operating conditions such as temperature, particle size, heating rate and reactor configuration. Biochars generated tend to find its use majorly in industry, agriculture and cleaning of industrial waste. Nonetheless biochars may contain organic compounds such as furans, aldehydes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) and environmentally persistent free radicals which are of toxic, carcinogenic, cause oxidative stress and mutagenic. This review therefore focuses on the characteristics of biochar in terms of morphology and the nature of persistent free radicals embedded on the surface of the biochar. It is notable that the information on optimum conditions for production of biochars free of persistent free radicals is scanty if any.
Effect of Counselling on Recidivism of Prison Inmates in Nakuru Government Prison, Kenya.
Authors: Ndung'u  Ikenye; Alice Omondi. Rute Morara Julius;
Published: May 2022

This study evaluated the effect of counselling on the recidivism of prison inmates in Nakuru Government prison. This study was guided by the Social Control Theory. The study population was 100 recidivists from Nakuru prison. The Census method was used to reach the study population. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. The pilot study was conducted for the purpose of testing the tools' reliability before they were adopted for the actual research. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Since this is sensitive research, the ethical considerations for such studies were observed throughout the study. The study findings revealed that counselling played a minimal role in enabling prisoners to overcome psychological challenges. The study concluded that counselling does not play a more significant role in reducing recidivism among inmates. Counselling does not help prisoners overcome psychosocial challenges that may trigger criminal behaviour. Enhancement of counselling should be done for it to be helpful to prisoners by reducing recidivism. The study concluded that enhancement of counselling and spiritual rehabilitations should be done.
Influence of Physiological Stress Coping Strategies on the Psychological Well-being of Life-Sentenced Inmates in Maximum-Security Prisons in Kenya.
Authors: Prof. Mary Kariuki; Prof. Teresa Njonge. Paul Ndung’u Muring’u;
Published: May 2022

This study aimed at establishing the influence of physiological stress coping strategies on the psychological well-being of life-sentenced inmates in maximum-security prisons in Kenya. Cognitive behavioural theory and Logotherapy theory guided this study. This study was a descriptive survey. The target population was life-sentenced inmates in nine maximum security prisons in Kenya. The accessible population was 4,487 life-sentenced inmates. The sample size of the life-sentenced inmates was 365, which was selected through systematic sampling. In addition, 30 specialised prison officers were purposively selected. Thus, the total sample size was 395 respondents. The study collected data using questionnaires for life-sentenced inmates, an adapted psychological well-being scale for life-sentenced inmates and interviews for specialised prison officers. Data was analysed through both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study indicate that physiological stress coping strategies influence the psychological well-being of life-sentenced inmates. The study concluded that correctional facilities are intended to serve diverse purposes, which include keeping the imprisoned persons in safe custody, deterrence, rehabilitation and behaviour modification. The lifers’ physiological activities that include; sleep, diet, exercises, relaxation, reading, listening to music, watching TV, games, and recreation have an influence on their psychological well-being. The study recommends that; policymakers and stakeholders of correctional and rehabilitation of inmates prioritise the psychological well-being of lifers and enhance physiological stress coping strategies for the psychological well-being of lifers and effective rehabilitation and reintegration of the inmates.
Paranormal experiences and understanding of God for innovative community development: Interrogating the Akurinu believers in Kenya
Authors: Nderitu Simon , Kibor Esther , Koros William
Published: May 2022

The study’s objective was to examine the relationship between Akurinu Believers’ understandings of God and their use of paranormal experiences with an emphasis on innovative community development in Nairobi County, Kenya. The research was guided by Divine Command Theory and Diffusion of Innovations Theory. Descriptive and correlation designs were used. The study was conducted among 2618 Akurinu believers who formed Akurinu congregations registered with the General Conference of Akurinu Churches Assembly in Nairobi County. Data were analysed on Software Package for Social Sciences computer system to generate frequency distributions, and the Chi-square test was used on qualitative data to test agreement between variables. Wald Chi to test for predictive probability in quantitative data. A logistic binary regression model was used to test the hypothesis on quantitative data. Qualitative data were presented in frequency tables, and percentages and inferential data were presented in SPSS software tables. Based on ?=0.05 level, the hypothesis is statistically significant with a predictive probability of odds ratio of 0.259 of change on the dependent variable. P-value was less than ?=0.05. The study concluded that sustainable innovations in Akurinu spirituality, education and economics existed. They were understanding God through the Bible and relying on the Holy Spirit. Although Akurinu believers and leaders claimed that they derived their understandings of God through paranormal experiences, the probability was less than 50 per cent (0.259 odds ratio). The study recommended that the Akurinu leaders use theological principles, here called understandings of God, to train Akurinu believers to understand God better.
Motivation For Learning In Virtual Environments, Online Self-Regulated Learning, And Writing Performance Of OMSC Students
Authors: Veronica F. Magay, MAT Ma. , D. Gorospe, EdD Joan
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to assess students’ independent study strategies by looking through their motivation for learning in virtual environments, online self-regulated learning, and writing performance. A descriptive-correlation and predictive method of research were used in this study. Respondents of the study were 150 first year college students who were enrolled in the online classes of the course, Purposive Communication and were identified using proportional random sampling. Several instruments were used by the researcher including the survey questionnaires about motivation and online self-regulated learning as well as the students’ online writing outputs in Purposive Communication. Students’ writing performance was measured using an adapted rubric. Results of the study revealed that college students have high level of motivation for learning in virtual environment in terms of autonomous and controlled while low in terms of demotivation. Overall, the college students have high level of online self-regulated learning. Moreover, college students have high level of performance in writing as to the content, organization, vocabulary and style while moderate in terms of grammar and mechanics. Findings also revealed that there is significant relationship between motivation for learning in virtual environments and online self-regulated learning, between motivation for learning in virtual environments and writing performance, and between online self-regulated learning and writing performance. Moreover, results yield thatcontrolled motivation predicts online self-regulated learning, autonomous motivation predicts wiring performance as well as persistence. This study concluded that the higher the motivation and online self-regulated learning, the higher the writing performance of the students.
Managing Islamic Character Education Trough Institutional Isomorphism (Learning From Junior High School Of Progresif Bumi Shalawat, Sidoarjo Coupled - Institutional System)
Authors: Rohanah Hidayati Titiek
Published: May 2022

Until now, the huge discourse of character education is still on projector explaining of what character education is, where the sources of ethical productions came from, and how it implemented in the educational institution; in diverse and vast varies. Informal education, like what is regulated by the government, the sources of characters are studied and formulated based on character education conferences and experts or scholars' consensuses. In micro-institution, character education is delivered according to teacher experiences and knowledge. But, the distinct point is how character education is implemented inIslamic boarding school; beyond the formal and informal process of the Islamic education process, as formulated in Junior High School Progresif Bumi Shalawat Sidoarjo. This integrative school formulated the concept of character through the Prophet Muhammad's name; Musamih (tolerant), Umana’ (trustworthy), Harish (eager), Adib (noble), Mufakkir (thinker), Muhaqqiq (the inquirer), Ashil (Resolute), Duror (Pearls). So that, this article will explore how these finding terms of character are disseminated and transmitted, institutionally, to all students, and will be frame-analyzed by shifting of isomorphism theory of organization. In the end, this article will argue that character education can only be implemented effectively by isolated space which is attributed with Islamic boarding school based-values.
Long- and short-term temporal variability in cloud condensation nuclei spectra over a wide supersaturation range in the Southern Great Plains site
Authors: Perkins Russell J. , Marinescu Peter J. , Levin Ezra J. T. , Collins Don R. , Kreidenweis Sonia M.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. When aerosol particles seed the formation of liquid water droplets in the atmosphere, they are called cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Different aerosols will act as CCN under different degrees of water supersaturation (relative humidity above 100 %), depending on their size and composition.
In this work, we build and analyze a best-estimate CCN spectrum product, tabulated at ∼ 45 min resolution, generated using high quality data from seven independent instruments at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site. The data product spans a large supersaturation range, from 0.0001 % to ∼ 30 %, and time period of 5 years, from 2009–2013, and is available on the ARM data archive. We leverage this added statistical power to examine relationships that are unclear in smaller datasets. Our analysis is performed in three main areas. First, probability distributions of many aerosol and CCN metrics are found to exhibit skewed log-normal distribution shapes. Second, clustering analyses of CCN spectra reveal that the primary
drivers of CCN differences are aerosol number size distributions, rather than hygroscopicity or composition, especially at supersaturations above 0.2 %, while also allowing for a simplified understanding of seasonal and
diurnal variations in CCN behavior. The predictive ability of using limited hygroscopicity data with accurate number size distributions to estimate CCN spectra is investigated, and the uncertainties of this approach are estimated. Third, the dynamics of CCN spectral clusters and concentrations are examined with cross-correlation and autocorrelation analyses. We find that CCN concentrations change rapidly on the timescale of 1–3 h, with some conservation beyond that which is greatest for the lower supersaturation region of the spectrum.
Crystallographic orientation mapping of lizardite serpentinite by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Tarling Matthew S. , Demurtas Matteo , Smith Steven A. F. , Rooney Jeremy S. , Negrini Marianne , Viti Cecilia , Petriglieri Jasmine R. , Gordon Keith C.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The serpentine mineral lizardite displays strong Raman
anisotropy in the OH-stretching region, resulting in significant wavenumber
shifts (up to ca. 14.5 cm−1) that depend on the orientation of the
impinging excitation laser relative to the crystallographic axes. We
quantified the relationship between crystallographic orientation and Raman
wavenumber using well-characterised samples of Monte Fico lizardite by
applying Raman spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)
mapping on thin sections of polycrystalline samples and grain mounts of
selected single crystals, as well as by a spindle stage Raman study of an
oriented cylinder drilled from a single crystal. We demonstrate that the
main band in the OH-stretching region undergoes a systematic shift that
depends on the inclination of the c-axis of the lizardite crystal. The data
are used to derive an empirical relationship between the position of this
main band and the c-axis inclination of a measured lizardite crystal: y=14.5cos 4 (0.013x+0.02)+(3670±1), where y is the
inclination of the c-axis with respect to the normal vector (in degrees), and
x is the main band position (wavenumber in cm −1) in the OH-stretching
region. This new method provides a simple and cost-effective technique for
measuring and quantifying the crystallographic orientation of
lizardite-bearing serpentinite fault rocks, which can be difficult to
achieve using EBSD alone. In addition to the samples used to determine the
above empirical relationship, we demonstrate the applicability of the
technique by mapping the orientations of lizardite in a more complex sample
of deformed serpentinite from Elba Island, Italy.
An evaluation of Antarctic sea-ice thickness from the Global Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System based on in situ and satellite observations
Authors: Liao Sutao , Luo Hao , Wang Jinfei , Shi Qian , Zhang Jinlun , Yang Qinghua
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Antarctic sea ice is an important component of the Earth
system. However, its role in the Earth system is still unclear due to
limited Antarctic sea-ice thickness (SIT) data. A reliable sea-ice
reanalysis can be useful to study Antarctic SIT and its role in the Earth
system. Among various Antarctic sea-ice reanalysis products, the Global
Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (GIOMAS) output is widely used in
the research of Antarctic sea ice. As more Antarctic SIT observations with
quality control are being released, a further evaluation of Antarctic SIT from
GIOMAS is conducted in this study based on in situ and satellite
observations. Generally, though only sea-ice concentration is assimilated,
GIOMAS can basically reproduce the observed variability in sea-ice volume
and its changes in the trend before and after 2013, indicating that GIOMAS
is a good option to study the long-term variation in Antarctic sea ice.
However, due to deficiencies in the model and asymmetric changes in SIT
caused by assimilation, GIOMAS underestimates Antarctic SIT especially in
deformed ice regions, which has an impact on not only the mean state of SIT
but also the variability. Thus, besides the further development of the
model, assimilating additional sea-ice observations (e.g., SIT and sea-ice
drift) with advanced assimilation methods may be conducive to a more
accurate estimation of Antarctic SIT.
‘Isn’t Everyone a Little OCD?’
Authors: Spencer Lucienne , Carel Havi
Published: May 2022

This article develops the concept of wrongful depathologization, in which a psychiatric disorder is simultaneously stigmatized (because of sanist attitudes towards mental illness) and trivialized (as it is not considered a “proper” illness). We use OCD as a case study to argue that cumulatively these two effects generate a profound epistemic injustice to OCD sufferers, and possibly to those with other mental disorders. We show that even seemingly positive stereotypes attached to mental disorders give rise to both testimonial injustice and wilful hermeneutical ignorance. We thus expose an insidious form of epistemic harm that has been overlooked in the literature.
Dementia and the Boundaries of Secular Personhood
Authors: Covaleski Nicholas
Published: May 2022

For many, dementia disrupts basic ideas about what it means to be human, raising profound philosophical and theological questions on the nature of personhood. In this article I ask what dementia might reveal about personhood in a “secular age.” I suggest that the ill-fitting relationship between Western bioethics, with its emphasis on autonomy, and dementia throws into relief the boundaries of a secular self, and I tease out the ethical implications of the limits of those boundaries by highlighting a biopolitics of secularism. Lastly, I offer a theological account of dementia that situates dependence as a central feature of the human condition, and enriches a secular biomedical understanding of this neurocognitive disorder.
Causal Inference, Moral Intuition, and Modeling in a Pandemic
Authors: Harvard Stephanie , Winsberg Eric
Published: May 2022

Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, people have been eager to learn what factors, and especially what public health policies, cause infection rates to wax and wane. But figuring out conclusively what causes what is difficult in complex systems with nonlinear dynamics, such as pandemics. We review some of the challenges that scientists have faced in answering quantitative causal questions during the Covid-19 pandemic, and suggest that these challenges are a reason to augment the moral dimension of conversations about causal inference. We take a lesson from Martha Nussbaum—who cautions us not to think we have just one question on our hands when we have at least two—and apply it to modeling for causal inference in the context of cost-benefit analysis.
Erratum to Kurth, C. (2022). Should Doctors Care About Their Patients?. Philosophy of Medicine, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5195/philmed.2022.98
Authors: McAllister-Erickson Jonah
Published: May 2022

At initial publication, Kurth, C. (2022). Should Doctors Care About Their Patients? was incorrectly published in Volume 2, Number 2, 2021. After discovery of the error, the article was assigned to the correct issue: Volume 3, Number 1, 2022.
A1- A2 Seviyesinde Yabanci Dil Olarak Türkçe Yazma Becerisinin Gelişiminde Yaratıcı Yazma Tekniklerinin Kullanımı: Kazakistan Örneği
Authors: MOVLYAMOVA Nilgün , Özdemir Elif Derya
Published: May 2022

There are four basic skills in foreign language teaching: listening, reading, speaking and writing. These skills are interrelated. One affects the other. Writing skill in foreign language teaching is as important as listening, reading and speaking skills. In this study, the effects of creative writing methods and techniques on the writing skills of A1 and A2 level cognates who learn Turkish as a foreign language were investigated. Creative writing techniques and methods were applied to cognates at A1 and A2 levels.It was investigated whether the creative writing techniques and methods applied had an effect on cognate students learning Turkish as a foreign language.The study group of the research consists of 24 students at A1 level and 23 students at A2 level studying at Bilim Innovation Girls High School in Shymkent, Kazakhstan in the 2021-2022 academic year. case study was used as one of the qualitative research methods. The last creative writing activity was determined as a data collection tool in the study.The findings obtained at the end of the study were evaluated and interpreted according to the Creative Writing Competencies criteria in the European Language Portfolio by using the observation method. as the creative writing activities applied as a result of the research change it is seen that different objects emerge. It is observed that this creative writing skills that are applied differs according to male and female students and female students are more successful in creative writing and creative thinking. Key words: Creative writing, Teaching Turkish language, methods, foreign language
Development and Stability Analysis of a Self-propelled High Clearance Multi-utility Vehicle
Authors: Ajay Kumar Roul  , Dushyant Singh
Published: May 2022

A self-propelled hydraulically actuated vehicle was developed for field crops of up to 2.0 m in height to carry out different operations like spraying, weeding, harvesting. The vehicle has provision for variable/adjustable ground clearance and track width to suit different spacing and heights of horticultural crops. Gradability, torque, and power required for the vehicle were calculated based on the dimensions of the selected bias ply traction tyre. The centre of gravity of the vehicle was calculated by the weight moment method. Microsoft Excel add-in was used to create a point manipulation programme, and the positions of the standard components were determined through an iterative process. The static load over the rear wheel and front wheel was kept at 60% and 40%, respectively, for design purposes. Analysis of chassis mechanics was done to find out weight transfer and impending stability on level ground as well as longitudinal and lateral slope. In longitudinal slope, the developed vehicle was found to be stable up to 45.19° and 20.68° under static and dynamic conditions, respectively; whereas in lateral slope, the vehicle was stable up to 39.08° and 22.10° under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. The developed vehicle was tested for weeding and spraying of okra and maize crops with an average height of 1.1 m to 1.5 m. The field capacity for the spraying and weeding operations was 1.9 ha.h-1 and 0.16 ha.h-1, respectively. The cost of operation for spraying and weeding was 400 ?.ha-1 and 1,500 ?.ha-1, respectively. Weeding efficiency and plant damage of the weeder were 92.58% and 1.55%, respectively.
Development and Evaluation of Earthworm-cum-compost Separator
Authors: Shoaib Amin  , Samir Kawoosa  , Sadaf Mushtaq  , Saima Hamid  , Jagvir Dixit
Published: May 2022

A manually operated earthworm-cum-compost separator was designed, developed, and evaluated. The machine consisted of a separating unit, collecting tray, feed hopper, operating handle, sieving unit, and transporting wheels in order to separate the compost and earthworms from the compost material of vermin-culture. The rotating action of the cylinder caused the compost present in the vermi-culture to get separated at the sieving unit on the basis of size and the difference in specific gravity of clods and earthworms causing their separation at the discharge flume of the machine. The separator functioned properly as there was no damage caused to the earthworms. The throughput capacity, compost separation efficiency, earthworm separation efficiency, and overall efficiency were 600 kg.h-1, 88.25%, 96.02% and 84.54%, respectively, at 20.47% (w.b.) moisture contents of vermicast, 23 rpm cylinder speed, and 9° cylinder inclination angle.