bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS Kelas V SDN Dukuh Kupang III/490
Authors: Pangestika Endah Pramesty  , Anna Roosyanti  , Ratna Susanti
Published: October 2024

Rendahnya hasil belajar siswa merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang sering dihadapi dalam proses pembelajaran, khususnya pada mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial (IPAS). Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Games Tournament (TGT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPAS siswa kelas VA di SDN Dukuh Kupang III/490 Surabaya melalui penerapan model pembelajaran TGT. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang melibatkan empat tahapan: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 25 siswa, yang terdiri dari 13 siswa laki-laki dan 12 siswa perempuan. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dengan standar Kriteria Ketuntasan Tujuan Pembelajaran (KKTP) yang ditetapkan pada skor 75. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model TGT berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Ketuntasan belajar meningkat dari 32% pada tahap pra-siklus menjadi 68% pada siklus I, dan mencapai 88% pada siklus II. Dengan demikian, model TGT terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPAS siswa di kelas V SDN Dukuh Kupang III/490 Surabaya.
Penerapan Culturally Responsive Teaching Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Produk Unggulan Daerah bagi Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Kuswindi Noviarini  , Reza Syehma Bahtiar  , Edi Santoso
Published: October 2024

Hasil belajar mata pelajaran IPAS pada materi Produk Unggulan Daerah sering kali disampaikan dengan pendekatan yang kurang mampertimbangkan keragaman budaya siswa, yang berdampak pada rendahnya hasil belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik menggunakan pendekatan Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari dua siklus, dengan masing-masing siklus terdiri dari satu kali pertemuan. PTK melibatkan empat langkah utama, yaitu: (1) Perencanaan (planning), (2) Aksi atau tindakan (acting), (3) Observasi (observing), dan (4) Refleksi (reflecting) diperkenalkan oleh Kurt Lewin. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Dukuh Kupang I/488 Surabaya pada semester genap tahun  ajaran  2023/2024,  dengan  subjek penelitian  yaitu  siswa  kelas  V di SD Negeri Dukuh Kupang I/488 Surabaya yang  berjumlah  25  anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus 1, persentase peserta didik yang berhasil mencapai hasil belajar tuntas adalah 64%, sementara pada siklus 2, persentase tersebut meningkat menjadi 84%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan pendekatan pembelajaran Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas V, terutama dalam materi Produk Unggulan Daerah. Dengan pendekatan yang lebih peka terhadap keberagaman budaya siswa, proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih relevan dan memotivasi siswa untuk mencapai hasil belajar yang lebih baik.
Penggunaan Media Wordwall Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Pengamalan Sila Pancasila Kelas III Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Budiman Tyas Jatiningrat , Rini Damayanti  , Siti Romlah
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya prestasi akademik siswa, khususnya pada mata pelajaran PPKn, di kelas III SD Negeri Dukuh Kupang I/488 Surabaya. Ketidakmampuan siswa untuk berkreasi dan mengamalkan Pancasila secara memadai menyebabkan menurunnya hasil belajar, yang merupakan akibat umum dari minimnya media pembelajaran yang menarik dan sesuai dengan minat siswa. Diharapkan dengan memasukkan media wordwall ke dalam materi praktik Pancasila, dapat membantu siswa mempelajari materi tersebut dengan lebih efektif. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dalam konteks penelitian tindakan kelas. Metode observasi dan ujian tertulis digunakan dalam proses pengumpulan data. Dari 64,28% pada siklus I menjadi 85,71% pada siklus II, terjadi peningkatan tingkat hasil belajar siswa yang tuntas. Observasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini berupa observasi non partisipan. Keaktifan siswa terlihat pada dokumentasi saat siswa menggunakan media wordwall. Siswa kelas III SD Negeri Dukuh Kupang I/488 Surabaya dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dari penggunaan media Wordwall interaktif untuk mengamalkan Pancasila, menurut hasil penelitian.
Penggunaan Media Papan Diagram Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Diagram Batang
Authors: Ummi Latifaturrodhita  , Rini Damayanti  , Siti Romlah
Published: October 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan prestasi akademik siswa kelas tiga mata pelajaran matematika dengan memanfaatkan media papan diagram, dengan penekanan khusus pada materi diagram. Pemilihan media ini didasarkan pada kemampuannya dalam mengilustrasikan data secara efektif sehingga memudahkan siswa dalam memahami pengertian penyajian data. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) karena rendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik. Penelitian dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan kontemplasi. Pada siklus awal, ketuntasan belajar kelas menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 64%, dengan rata-rata perolehan nilai sebesar 66,42%. Dari jumlah siswa tersebut, 18 orang berhasil mencapai ketuntasan. Pada siklus II persentase siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar meningkat menjadi 85% dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 83,92%. Sebanyak 24 siswa berhasil mencapai kriteria ketuntasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media papan diagram merupakan strategi yang berhasil dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas III SDN Dukuh Kupang 1/488 Surabaya.
EXAMINING THE INTEGRATION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES IN MANUFACTURING
Authors:   College of Graduate and Professional Studies, Trine University, USA, Shovon Md Shihab Sadik , Amjad Mohammad Hamid Hasan ,   College of Graduate and Professional Studies, Trine University, USA, Hasan A S M Mahamudul ,   College of Graduate and Professional Studies, Trine University, USA
Published: October 2024

The integration of Industry 4.0 technologies is transforming manufacturing, enhancing efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability. This research paper explores the application of key technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics in the sector. By analyzing a comprehensive dataset that includes supply chain metrics from major corporations like Apple, Amazon, and Google, the study examines the impact of Industry 4.0 practices on critical supply chain performance indicators, including inventory turnover ratio, lead time, and customer satisfaction. Industry 4.0 technologies are reshaping supply chain management (SCM) strategies such as lean manufacturing, agile SCM, and cross-docking. AI and block chain are shown to significantly enhance supply chain agility and resilience. Companies that integrate these technologies tend to have more streamlined operations, shorter lead times, and higher customer satisfaction rates. Environmental sustainability practices are becoming increasingly important as businesses strive for more eco-friendly manufacturing processes. The study finds that organizations employing agile supply chain practices and leveraging advanced technologies often demonstrate superior operational efficiency and financial performance. The integration of these technologies also introduces challenges, such as increased supply chain complexity and risk management concerns. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of how Industry 4.0 technologies are revolutionizing manufacturing and supply chain dynamics. It highlights the future trajectory of smart manufacturing and emphasizes the need for continued innovation to address emerging challenges. The research offers insights into how companies can adapt their supply chain strategies to thrive in the evolving landscape of digital transformation and automation.
Heart Disease Prediction Using Decision Tree Analysis
Authors: Clarite Princess Clair C. , Palma Inna Vita Grace Vanya G.
Published: October 2024

Heart disease, alternatively known as cardiovascular disease, encases various conditions that impact the heart and is the primary basis of death worldwide over the span of the past few decades. Therefore, if it is possible to predict diseases that has high mortality rate with patient's data and AI system, they would enable them to be detected and be treated in advance. The objective of the research is to use significant features and factors to design a prediction algorithm using Machine learning. The goal is to accurately classify whether a person has heart disease or not. The dataset contains 1025 records. The records are divided into two categories positive those who have heart disease and negative those who do not. It is currently standard practice to divide the data at random into roughly 70% for training and 30% for testing. The researcher used the MATLAB software tool to create a decision tree model of heart disease prediction. Using a decision tree model, it was determined that the best indicator that someone has heart disease is chest pain.
THE COMPLEXITIES OF INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTS AS REFLECTED IN ERNEST HEMINGWAY’S THE KILLERS
Authors: -Putri Oktafiani Adelia , -Nabilahtauzzahro Ibrahin Laila , -Pujimahanani Cahyaningsih , Utungga Pasopati Rommel
Published: October 2024

The Killers is a short story written by Ernest Hemingway with Nick as the main character. The story centers on how fear is glorified through communications in this story. Nick, who is terrified of a word of death, tries to save Ole Anderson who is about to be killed. Nick tells the news to Ole, but he chooses to resign himself to his own death. Humans are filled with complex emotions and this short story indicates various matters of them in the response of death. This article would like to emphasize The Killers as direct reflection of complexities of interpersonal conflicts. By using qualitative methods, the analysis underlines complex ideas behind any communication. Language is not only related to communication, but also the intertwined meanings of known discourse. In conclusion, Hemingway’s short story involves various struggles of people who experience interpersonal conflicts around them.
The Physics Behind Climate Change: Understanding Greenhouse Gases
Authors: Kumar Vinod
Published: October 2024

Natural environments have a direct or indirect impact on all living things' well-being, growth, nourishment, and development. Globally, the main contributors to climate change include industrialisation, agriculture, urbanisation, and greenhouse effects. Every year, the earth's surface
temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels rise due to these climatic changes. The primary goal of this review article is to study the effect of greenhouse gases in climate change. The pace at which the planet's temperature has increased over the last 50 years has deeply alarmed a number of scientists, engineers, and environmentalists. More flexibility in their adaptation will help plant species withstand fluctuations in the frequency of harsh weather occurrences. One of the factors causing climate change is GHG. The results show how climate change affects the environment, which usually shows up as rising temperatures and CO2 levels.
Utilization of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) for Tissue Healing in Replantation of Avulsed Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yenny Andriany Tarukallo  , Abul Fauzi  , Eka Prasetiawaty
Published: October 2024

Avulsion is a serious dental injury with a high prevalence in young patients. These injuries account for 0.5%-3% of all trauma to replanted permanent teeth. Avulsed teeth stored in non-physiological conditions may increase the risk of periodontal cell necrosis, ankylosis, and root resorption of replacement teeth. Recent research has focused on the use of PRF in oral surgery and periodontics. Applications include bone augmentation, sinus tightening, and repair of gum recession. It has also been used for regenerative procedures such as apex regeneration and periapical surgery. Writing systematic review (SR ) for study further regarding the use of PRF for tissue healing in replantation of avulsed permanent teeth  SR writing is done with search and analyze journal from PMC, Pubmed and Science Direct portals with criteria inclusion and exclusion that have been determined. To determine framework right time For review, Google Scholar search regarding the use of PRF for tissue healing in replantation of avulsed permanent teeth 2014-2024. The Results of study showed that A total of 390 articles journal obtained through search through 3 databases (Pubmed, Science Direct and PMC) and identified 10 journals that met criteria. 10 articles journals identified three case articles report, five clinical studies, one retrospective study and one systematic reviews. Review results systematic This shows that the use of PRF is effective in recovery cell periodontal ligament (PDL). PRF increases the amount of growth factors in the wound and helps wound healing in avulsed tooth replantation.
Research on the Application of Information Technology in Chemistry Teaching in Senior High School
Authors: Huang Ying , Zheng Qiwen
Published: October 2024

With the rapid progress of network technology, information-based teaching methods have brought unprecedented vitality to senior high school chemistry education. Through the combination of information technology, a new science and technology, with chemistry courses, chemistry knowledge can be more vivid, teaching content can be enriched, students can be provided with a high-quality learning atmosphere, their emotional experience can be enhanced, and they can understand and absorb chemistry knowledge more deeply. Therefore, under the background of the new era, senior high school chemistry teachers should deeply realize that information technology has brought great opportunities to chemistry teaching, which can not only improve their information literacy, but also closely integrate information technology with senior high school chemistry, thus comprehensively improving the educational effect.
Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii IgG Antibody in Patients Infected with Toxoplasma by ELISA
Authors: Mohammad Fatima Ibrahim , Ridh Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed , Mohammed Zainab I.
Published: October 2024

Aim the current study to diagnosis of  the IgG antibody to Toxolasma gondii, serum samples isolated from patients humans and healthy reviewers to AL-Diwaniyah hospital and different laboratories.                               
90 samples were collected from human infected with Toxoplasmosis including 60 samples of patients and 30 samples of healthy (control).
The results of this study showed that concentration of the IgG antibody in patients infected with T.gondii were 47.43 while the concentration in control were 8.14 and the percentage of infection in patients (24/60) (40%) and in control (4/30) (13.33%).                                                                              
The results showed that  IgG antibody found in both patients and control but its concentration in patients was higher this indicates a high concentration of IgG antibody with toxoplasmosis.
Common Causes of Neonatal Seizure among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Care Unit at Al Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children
Authors: Al-Ani Mohammed Maher , Ftaikhan Ahmed Abdulkareem , Salman Bassim Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Neonatal seizures are the transient occurrence of signs and symptoms due to an abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the neural cells causing paroxysmal electro clinical changes. Neonates are at high risk for seizures as compared to other age groups.
The aim of this study was to identify the common causes that lead to neonatal seizure during the period from first of October 2020 to the end of July 2021using history, physical examination, and investigations in Al Ramadi teaching hospital for maternity and children. The total number of neonates diagnosed as neonatal seizure during the period of study in Al Ramadi teaching hospital for maternity and childhood was 64 cases. Total number of admissions to neonatal care unit was 4102 so the prevalence in neonatal care unit was 15.6 per 1000 live births. 30 (47.1 %) cases were diagnosed as perinatal asphyxia, 18 (28 %) cases were diagnosed as metabolic, 6 (9.4 %) cases were diagnosed as infections, seizures, 4 (6.3%) cases were diagnosed as intracranial hemorrhage, 3(4.6%) cases were diagnosed as CNS malformation, while 3 cases (4.6 %) were Unknown etiology.    38 (59.3%) of studied neonatal seizures were male, while 26 (40.7%) were female. Male to female ratio was (1.4:1).    37 (57.8%) were term babies (≥37 gestational age), while 27 (42.2%) were preterm babies (<37 gestational age). 41 (64%) of studied neonatal seizure cases were born by normal vaginal delivery, while 23 (36%) of cases were born by caesarian section delivery. The most common cause of neonatal seizure was perinatal asphyxia followed by metabolic causes then infection, intracranial hemorrhage, CNS malformations and unknown causes. Male are more common than female. In term neonates more common than preterm and in normal vaginal delivery more than cesarean section.
Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Scale: Research Progress on Ethnic Discrimination with Urban Mapuche Youth in Chile
Authors: Zañartu-Canihuante Natalia , Martín Aracely Veloso-San , Grandón-Fernández Pamela , Mella-Norambuena Javier , Sáez-Delgado Fabiola , Zañartu-Canihuante Carola
Published: October 2024

The present study is framed in the context of historical violence in the central-south zone of our country, as a result of the conflict between the State, the Chilean society and the Mapuche people. The study presents an advance of a larger research, which aims to contribute to the understanding of the impact on mental and physical health of ethnic discrimination in Mapuche and non-Mapuche young people, high school and college students, who live in urban areas of the Metropolitan, Biobío and Araucanía regions. This paper shows the preliminary results obtained from the validation of a scale of perceived ethnic discrimination, which was obtained with the participation of 246 young students, who declared to be part of the Mapuche people. The findings suggest schools and justice centers are the places where the highest level of discrimination is perceived.
Mandibular Defects and Reconstruction Post Oncological Resection in Paediatric Patients
Authors: El-Sabbagh Omar Hossam , Rifaat Mohammed Ahmed , Ebeid Emad Nabil , Kassaby Marwa Abd El Wahab El , Amin Ayman Abd El Wahab
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Tumours of the paediatric mandible are rare clinical entities, which require a multidisciplinary team management. Surgery is frequently utilized as a modality for local control in the management of paediatric mandibular neoplasms. However, mandibular reconstruction in such age group is more challenging than in their adult counterparts, owing to the developing nature of the mandible and the craniofacial skeleton. Materials & Methods: The medical records of patients below the age of 18 years of age presented to the Paediatric Oncology and Head and Neck Surgical Oncology Departments at the National Cancer Institute of Cairo University from January 2014 to January 2024 with mandibular tumour were reviewed. The review includes; radiological site of the lesion, histo-pathological diagnosis, multidisciplinary team management. Patients that underwent segmental mandibular resection were evaluated for the type of the resultant mandibular defects according to Brown’s classification of mandibular defects and the subsequent reconstruction procedures.  Results: Forty-two patients were reported with mandibular neoplasm. Primary mandibular tumours were found in 35 cases (83.3%), of which non odontogenic tumours were diagnosed in 29 cases (69.0%). The anatomical subunits of the mandible; ramus, angle and body were involved in 14 (33.3%), 13 (31.0%) and 15 (35.7%) cases, respectively. Twenty-nine patients underwent segmental mandibular resection. According to Brown’s classification; Class I, Class Ic, Class II, Class IIc, Class III, Class IV and Class IVc were the resultant defects in 0 (0%), 2 (6.9%), 10 (35.5%), 10 (35.5%), 3 (10.3%), 0 (0%), and 4 (13.8%) cases, respectively. Conclusion: The different pathologies of the mandibular neoplasms affecting the paediatric age group frequently involve the ramus of the mandible. With the surgery being the modality of choice in most of such pathologies, the resultant defects following segmental resection and the reconstruction approach in such age group vary greatly from the adult age group. Hence, the free fibular bone segments used for restoration of the ramus projection would be of a relatively larger length. Condylar resection, unfortunately, would hinder the restoration of occlusion relationship, essential for normal development of the maxillofacial skeleton.
Correlation of Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 with the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Group of Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Algburi Roaa Hatim , Raid Dhiaa Hashim
Published: October 2024

Since it is the largest cause of death globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a serious health issue. Whether or whether they are changeable, several risk factors exist for the onset of CVD. Conventional and most often used approach to estimate cardiovascular risk is Framingham risk score. Still, ongoing research is looking for alternative markers that can better estimate this risk. One of these producers under increasing research attention is fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23). The aim of this work is to investigate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus a possible prognostic value of plasma and urine FGF-23 for CVD. Two groups—the patients' group and the control group—will be formed out of the 200 participants split equally. The group of patients will include those with type 2 diabetes mellitus of more than five years. Using the Framingham risk score, all participants will be evaluated for their 10-year CVD risk; the outcomes will be statistically linked to both plasma and urine FGF-23. Our present work revealed a positive association between Framingham risk and cholesterol, TG, LDL, HDL, VLDL, non-VLDL. and also showed favorable link in Atherogentic index and BMI,HDL,LDL,VLDL and non LDL. In Dm.patient group and farmingham risk, the FGF23 in current study show greater signifcant.
A Study On Effects Of Work-Life Balance And Women Employees Job Productivity In It Organizations
Authors: Dasaradhan Suganya , Selvasundaram Dr. K.
Published: October 2024

This study examined just at work-life balance and women productivity in only few IT sectors in Chennai. The study was stimulated by the IT sectoring industry's high rate of work-life unequal distribution. The study specifically examined the impact of workload pressure, role conflict, family stress, and work flexibility on female productivity. The relevant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literatures were investigated. This work examined the work life balance and ladies productivity in selected IT sectors in Chennai city. The study was necessitated by high rate of work-life unbalance in the IT sectoring industry. Specifically the study determined the effect of workload pressure, role conflict, family stress and Work flexibility on ladies productivity. Relevant conceptual, theoretical and empirical literatures were examined. A total of fifteen IT sectors were studied, and the population of study was 2021, with the sample size of total sample size evaluated using the statistical formula SPSS. The research also revealed that family stress has a significant impact on female productivity. The study concluded that work load pressure, role conflict, and family-related stress all have a negative impact on female productivity. According to the study, people should relax in ways that do not interfere with their work; it can be an efficient way to recover from identified work-life balance issues. Management must take note of the volume of work assigned to women in order to deal with work-life balance issues in the workplace. Management must act immediately to rectify the issue; work should be delegated accordingly to ensure that no one is overloaded. Ladies should be given appropriate breaks and vacation time.
A Study on Career Aspiration and Their Effect on Work Values among Gen Z: A Contextual Investigation of Chennai City
Authors: Thangamayan Dr. S. , Dr. N. Jayanthi  , Dr. M. Nasrin Sulthana
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the profession yearnings and their effect on work values among Age Z in Chennai City. As this segment enters the labor force, their interesting points of view and needs are reshaping conventional vocation pathways and working environment assumptions. The exploration inspects key factors like self-awareness, instructive portion, and financial status, and what these factors mean for vocation desires and work values. Using a blended strategies approach, the review accumulates quantitative information through studies and subjective experiences by means of meetings with Gen Z people in Chennai. The discoveries uncover that vocation yearnings among Gen Z are essentially impacted by a longing for significant work, balance between fun and serious activities, and moral arrangement. Instructive assets and financial status additionally assume significant parts in molding these yearnings. Moreover, the review features the significance of self-awareness in improving position fulfillment. The outcomes give important experiences to instructors, policymakers, and businesses intending to adjust their systems to the developing profession and work upsides of Gen Z, subsequently encouraging a more spurred and connected with labor force.
A Detailed Case Study of Human Rights Violation in Chennai Region with Reference of Union Carbide Corporation Vs Union of India
Authors: Pranav H.M
Published: October 2024

Human rights include the expression of the need for people to be treated in a fair, decent and humane manner regardless of their ethnic, religious or racial profile. Violation of human rights involves denying human beings their basic moral rights. These violations have been part of human history, and only in the last century has a general consensus emerged that they are absolutely wrong. Perpetrators of human rights abuses range from governments, corporations and organized crime rings to communities and individuals. There are many underlying causes that lead people to violate human rights. There is a temptation to view human rights violations in a one-dimensional construct involving a very simplistic spectrum of evil versus good. The first part of this article examines the view that "human rights violators are not necessarily just evil, but may also be themselves forced into ways of behaving by external circumstances". Violations of human rights are a result of the innate evil nature of the perpetrators, who argue that there are other environmental and biological factors that drive people to commit such crimes. The second part of the paper examines the extent to which fear of the "other" drives the desire to commit war crimes against a perceived rival group. The study is based on a systematic content analysis of official documents, press releases, newspapers, articles and interviews. I quantitatively collected all available information and also identified the most frequently recurring terminology and key words, which were graphically represented whenever possible. It also consists of articles and sections as well as various steps taken as a whole or generally or individually with developments and human rights issues from time to time that help in the violation and protection of people around the world. You will find here a discussion of the issue of Kashmir, humanitarian crises during and after the conflict in Gaza between Israeli forces and Hamas in 2008-2009, the UN's view of human rights violations, the crises caused by the 2006 Lebanon war, the humanitarian disaster in the Darfur province of Sudan (2003- 2010); and finally the political, social and economic crisis in Zimbabwe (2001–2010). The case studies analyzed in this research report reveal a number of similar trends as well as some notable differences. As such, they restrict civil liberties to prevent the emergence and mobilization of dissent in society. Moreover, human rights are at the heart of the European integration process (which was built on the ashes of civil war and genocide) and its long-term aspirations. The fundamental recognition of human rights is therefore always reflected in the EU's foreign policy and external relations.
Mitigating Financial Fraud in Indonesia: A Grounded Theory Approach to Fraud Detection in P2P Lending, Rural Banks, and Conventional Banks
Authors: Akhmad Yasser Arafat , Wiryono Sudarso Kaderi , Sukarno Subiakto
Published: October 2024

The rapid digitalization of Indonesia’s financial sector, driven by the growth of Peer-to-Peer Lending (P2PL) platforms, Rural Credit Banks (BPR), and conventional banks, has expanded financial inclusion but also heightened the risk of fraud. This study investigates the fraud detection systems (FDS) employed by these diverse financial institutions using a grounded theory approach. By conducting semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders—including directors, compliance managers, and fraud control officers—the research identifies critical factors influencing fraud detection in Indonesia’s financial ecosystem. The study reveals that while larger institutions leverage advanced machine learning models and real-time transaction monitoring, smaller entities like BPRs rely heavily on manual oversight due to resource constraints. Furthermore, the integration of multi-subject perception differences is highlighted as a novel and effective approach for fraud detection, particularly in P2PL platforms, by analyzing multiple data sources to reduce bias and increase accuracy. However, the study also uncovers significant challenges in implementing robust FDS, including high false-positive rates, regulatory complexities, and resource limitations, particularly in smaller institutions. The findings emphasize the need for a tailored fraud detection framework that addresses the unique needs of each sector, balancing technological advancements with operational feasibility.
Serial Evaluation of Orthodontic Intrusion using Intraoral Scans : A Preliminary Study
Authors: R Dr. Rebekah. , George Dr. Ashwin Mathew
Published: October 2024

Introduction : Study models are an essential component of diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics. In dentistry, a number of digital intraoral scanning systems, scanners, and configurations have been introduced and put into use. Among these, regular assessment of tooth movement is essential to achieve both functional and aesthetic outcomes and prevent unwarranted tooth movements. Hence this study was conducted to evaluate orthodontic intrusion using 3D intraoral scans at sequential intervals of time.
Materials and Methods : The subjects consisted of 10 patients who were about to start their orthodontic treatment using fixed orthodontic appliances. A TMA intrusion spring was placed such that the cantilever arm was resting on the occlusal surface of the premolar included in the study. This provided a force apically in the vertical direction. The 3shape ortho analyzer program was used to assess the tooth movements using digital models. By superimposing the scanned models of T0 and T3 of each patient, the overall extent of intrusion was determined. To compare the level of intrusion in the study group, a parametric Independent t-test was used.
Results : The mean distance between the standard occlusal plane and the premolar subjected to orthodontic intrusion was calculated. There was a statistically significant change (p=0.002) in the level of intrusion before treatment and after 12 weeks.
Conclusion : The study examined the use of intraoral scanners to monitor intricate orthodontic tooth movements in patients subjected to fixed appliance therapy. Intraoral scanners could provide valuable periodic assessments, potentially improving the overall quality and outcomes of orthodontic therapy.
M Mode Assessment of Fetal Interventricular Septal Thickness in Third Trimester with Comparison Between Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Bhagat Saurav , Gupta Vishal , Girdhar Shaleen , Isha  , Singh Avantika , Singh Bishwajeet
Published: October 2024

Background: Babies born to diabetic mothers face increased risks of illness and death despite advances in prenatal care. One common heart defect in these babies is interventricular septal hypertrophy.
Objective: This study examines how gestational diabetes affects fetal interventricular septal thickness (IVST).
Material & Methods: The study took place at Sharda Hospital's Radiology Department over two months. Ninety pregnant women between 28 and 35 weeks of gestation were selected. The women were grouped based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results into non-diabetic (Subgroup A), controlled diabetic (Subgroup B), and uncontrolled diabetic (Subgroup C). IVST measurements were taken using M-mode during diastole.
Results: The average age of participants was 26.41±3.18 years. In the 28-32 week group, the mean IVST was 3.76±0.23mm for non-diabetic women, 4.00±0.28mm for controlled diabetics, and 5.83±0.64mm for uncontrolled diabetics. In the 32-35 week group, the mean IVST was 4.25±0.29mm for non-diabetics, 4.75±0.43mm for controlled diabetics, and 6.84±0.34mm for uncontrolled diabetics. IVST was significantly higher in uncontrolled diabetics (p<0.05), while non-diabetic and controlled diabetic groups had similar thicknesses. There was a significant positive correlation between OGTT levels and IVST (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Fetal IVST was notably higher in uncontrolled diabetic mothers. There is a strong association between OGTT results and IVST. M-mode measurement of IVST is simpler than fetal echocardiography and can be included in routine third-trimester scans for diabetic mothers to detect early signs of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
High Altitude Polycythemia Presenting as Atypical Chest Pain with TMT Positive and Normal Coronaries
Authors: Anand DR N N , TM DR Karthikeya , Sriramulu DR Divya
Published: October 2024

High-altitude polycythemia (HAP), also known as chronic mountain sickness (CMS), is a condition in which individuals residing at high altitudes develop increased red blood cell mass in response to chronic hypoxia. This leads to increased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, which can result in complications such as blood hyperviscosity, thrombotic events, and rarely, cardiovascular symptoms like chest pain. This case report illustrates a patient presenting with atypical chest pain, a positive treadmill test (TMT), and normal coronary angiography, whose symptoms were ultimately attributed to HAP.
A Comparative Study of Tackers Versus Sutures in Transabdominal Preperitoneal Hernia Repair: Tackers Versus Sutures in Mesh Fixation and Peritoneal Closure in Tapp
Authors: Shankar Dr. Karuppusamy K , Rajan Dr. Vaithianathan K
Published: October 2024

Background: This study evaluates the surgical outcomes of using tackers versus sutures for mesh fixation and peritoneal closure in transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) mesh repair of inguinal hernia, focusing on postoperative pain, quality of life, and other key metrics. Although there are many studies in studying various outcomes of Transabdominal preperitoneal mesh repair (TAPP), there exists only few trials that compare peritoneal closure techniques in TAPP
Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute. Sixty patients undergoing TAPP were divided into two groups: one using non-absorbable sutures and the other using non-absorbable titanium tackers for mesh fixation and peritoneal closure. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were assessed, including time taken for procedures, postoperative pain (measured using the Visual Analog Scale), incidence of seroma formation, and short-term quality of life assessed using the Carolinas Comfort Scale.
Results: The suture group demonstrated significantly less postoperative pain on postoperative day (POD) 1 and at 3 months compared to the tacker group (p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively). The time taken for mesh fixation and peritoneal closure was shorter in the tacker group, but the overall operative time was significantly longer in the suture group (p=0.001). The cost of using sutures was substantially lower than tackers. Quality of life scores at 3 months indicated better outcomes in the suture group (p=0.001).
Conclusions: Sutures for mesh fixation and peritoneal closure in TAPP repair provide better postoperative outcomes in terms of pain, quality of life, and cost compared to tackers, despite a longer operative time. These findings suggest that sutures may be a preferable option for TAPP inguinal hernia repair.
Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Scheduled for Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery: Institutional Experience
Authors: Gil Vincent Jean Carlo García , Trujillo Laura Marcela Martínez , Gonzales Paula Andrea Cifuentes , Gasca Eduardo José Díaz , Casagua María Sofía González
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Preoperative anxiety is an unpleasant emotional state, characterized by feelings of tension, nervousness, fear, and intensified activation of the autonomic nervous system. According to the WHO, more than 4 million people undergo surgery annually in the world, and in about 50 to 75% of them, they develop some degree of anxiety during the course of the preoperative period. Objective: To analyze preoperative anxiety levels through the application of the Amsterdam Preoperative and Information Anxiety Scale (APAIS) in patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a third-level health institution of complexity in the department of Huila during the first half of 2023. Methodology: Descriptive-cross-sectional study, the APAIS scale will be applied. The population will be patients over 18 years of age scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The data obtained will be coded and tabulated in the SPSS statistical program. Results: Preoperative anxiety mostly affects mature adult women, Catholic and married. In addition, those who have had previous surgeries tend to experience less anxiety before the procedure, additionally it is observed that patients with a lower level of education tend to show lower levels of preoperative anxiety, however, despite this, all patients express a strong desire to receive more information about the procedure, which highlights the importance of clear and complete communication to help reduce anxiety before surgery. Conclusions: It is recommended to provide detailed information and to carry out early and individualized interventions to reduce preoperative anxiety and the desire for information. New research approaches may evaluate the reduction of anxiety in the face of different interventions.
The Sherman Kent School of Intelligence Analysis and its Role in Improving the Analytical Performance of the US Central Intelligence Agency CIA
Authors: Abbas Jaafar Hassoon , Khalil Dr. Suhad Ismail
Published: October 2024

The main goal in current research that the analytical philosophy of Sherman Kent played a major role in developing the craft of intelligence analysis at the American Intelligence Agency, and we point out here that the organized analytical techniques that captured Sherman Kent’s interest are scenarios, competing hypotheses, devil’s advocate, and teams (A, B). ), red team, and low-occurrence/ high-impact probabilities. They all share an important focal point, which is analytical alternatives in order to cover unlikely hypotheses to ensure that no strategic intelligence surprise occurs. We believe here that the period in which Kent lived, in which he witnessed the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, the Korean War, and the Cuban missile crisis, which is considered one of the largest intelligence failures in The history of the CIA had left him with a fear of strategic surprise, which was reflected in his philosophy of not ignoring unexpected threats and taking them into account in all the analytical methods he adopted.
The Historical Roots of the Emergence and Development of Higher Education in Egypt
Authors: Suleiman Nour Mohammed , Suhail Dr. Athmar Kazim
Published: October 2024

This study examines the historical roots of higher education in Egypt, highlighting its evolution from ancient times to the modern era. The origins can be traced to the rich intellectual traditions of ancient Egypt and the renowned Library of Alexandria, which served as a center for scholarship. The establishment of Al-Azhar University in the 10th century marked a significant milestone, positioning Egypt as a key hub for Islamic education and scholarship. The 19th and 20th centuries introduced Western educational models, leading to the creation of modern universities, such as Cairo University in 1908, which emphasized secular and diverse curricula. This evolution reflects broader socio-political transformations, including colonialism and national identity movements. Today, Egypt's higher education system continues to navigate the interplay between its historical legacy and contemporary challenges, striving for innovation and global integration.
Forehead Flap - A Salvage Option for Failed Anterolateral Thigh Flap in Buccal Mucosa Carcinoma Reconstruction
Authors: C Dr. Chandoorya , N Dr. Deenadayalan , Muralidharan Dr.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Pedicled lateral forehead flap could be a valuable option for reconstruction in the floor of the orbit and floor of the mouth in the absence of other resources available.
Case presentation: A-57-year-old male with multiple comorbidities, underwent partial maxillectomy, hemi mandibulectomy and hemiglossectomy with infratemporal fossa clearance due to a rapidly spreading buccal mucosa carcinoma on the left side. The last resort was the pedicled lateral forehead flap after unsuccessful reconstructive attempts with an anterolateral thigh flap.
Discussion: The pedicled forehead flap which has rich vascularity, decreased donor site morbidity and reliable anatomy made it a favorable locoregional flap for oral reconstruction.
Conclusion: Flaps should be chosen considering the patient’s condition and resources available. Forehead flap due to its proximity is an ideal option for reconstruction of oral cavity defects.
Effect of Electromagnetic-Radiofrequency Devices on Male Infertility at Urban Private Infertility Clinics in East Java
Authors: Adimoelja Ariawan , Andarini Sri , Utaminingrum Fitri , Hariyanti Tita
Published: October 2024

Background:  As technology becomes increasingly integrated into urban lifestyles, the use of mobile phones, laptops/computers, and WiFi has surged, reshaping habits and routines. However, this reliance on devices raises concerns about potential health impacts, including male infertility rates. This study explores how lifestyle factors, particularly mobile phone usage and exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and radio frequencies (RF), influence male infertility. Methods: Conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia, this study analyzed sperm analysis data from 260 husbands attending private infertility clinics. Data spanning 2018 to 2023 were collected, with interviews conducted to assess EMR-RF exposure. Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney test evaluated differences in sperm analysis results between groups exposed to EMR-RF and controls. Results: A notable prevalence of EMR-RF exposure was observed among men aged 31-40, particularly those working indoors. Significant associations were found between EMR-RF exposure and sperm analysis results, with key factors such as mobile phone usage duration, storage practices, and WiFi exposure showing statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights the impact of EMR-RF exposure on male fertility, particularly concerning mobile phone use and WiFi exposure. These findings underscore the importance of further research and potential interventions to mitigate the health risks associated with EMR-RF exposure in urban populations.
The Effect of Skill Exercises According to the Analogical Thinking Strategy in Learning Some Types of Handball Shooting for First-Year Middle School Students
Authors: Saeed Hoda Abdul Amir , Karim Dr. Naseer Hamid
Published: October 2024

The importance of the research comes from using the analogical thinking strategy in learning, which pushes the student to exert the greatest possible effort in learning the skills. The researchers noted that the research problem crystallizes in the presence of a weakness in the level of performance of the shooting skill and that the methods used do not achieve the desired benefit in activating the learning process for students when used, which made the educational process a traditional process. Therefore, the researchers decided to use skill exercises according to the analogical thinking strategy in learning the shooting skill with handball for first-year middle school students as an attempt to find an effective way for students to learn these skills in an appropriate manner. The researchers used the experimental method of designing two equivalent groups. The research sample consisted of first-year middle school students, numbering (40) students. After completing the field experiment, the researchers concluded that using the analogical thinking strategy had a significant impact on learning the skills under study for the experimental group. There was also an advantage in the effect of using analogical thinking and its effectiveness in educational units.
Investigation Role of IL-10 And IL-13 with Some Viral Species in Pathogenesis of Heart Diseases
Authors: Hashim Sura A. , Dawood Sarah A. , Abbas Rahma M.
Published: October 2024

Background; cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of mortality and impairment. Atherosclerosis is the primary underpinning pathophysiology of CVD, but several variables could trigger it. The occurrence of it is linked to multiple risk factors related to metabolism, such as overweight and dyslipidemia.
Objective; Detective predictive  roles  of IL-10 and IL-13 and positivity of viral infections  in heart diseases.
60  blood samples were harvested (gel tube)  from heart diseases patients who sleeping in hospital after diagnosis them by specialist  physician.30 blood samples were taken from healthy individuals that labeled them as a control  group. Interleukins (IL-10 and IL-13)  and  viral species (Parvovirus B19, SARS-CoV-2, HCV and HBV) were  calculated by (ELISA).  
Present outcomes mentioned the most patients were males (71.7%) with age groups 51-60 (26.7%) and 61-70 (33.3%), ex-smokers (65.0%), and lean BMI (63.3%). Our investigation showed Parvovirus B19 scored highest positivity (15.0%), followed by HBV (6.7%), SARS-CoV-2 (5.0%), and then HCV (3.3%) in heart diseases patients with significant difference (p<0.05). Based on interleukins levels, present outcomes showed significant raised levels (p<0.05) of IL-10 and IL-13 in patients than control. ROC curve results showed the IL-13 scored highest sensitivity (80%) and specificity (84%) at cut off (>2.50) compared to IL-10 that showed highest sensitivity (81%) and low specificity (57%) at cut off (>9.50).
Conclusions; gender, age and smoking are risk factors for heart diseases. Due to decreased immune state in patients, several viruses were discovered in those patients. IL-10 and IL-13 were raised in patients due to presence inflammation. IL-10 has paradoxical role (pro and anti-inflammatory) in pathogenesis heart diseases . IL-13 is more preferred in diagnosis heart diseases than IL-10 due to has (IL-13) highest sensitivity and specificity. Finally, there is no strong correlation between  IL-10 and IL-13 in pathophysiology of heart diseases.