bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Green Attributes in Production Processes as Well as Their Impact on Operational, Commercial, and Economic Benefits
Authors: Mendoza-Fong José Roberto , García-Alcaraz Jorge Luis , Díaz-Reza José Roberto , Jiménez-Macías Emilio , Blanco-Fernández Julio
Published: March 2019

This paper reports a second-order structural equation model composed of four variables: the green attributes before and after an industrial production process, the operating benefits, the commercial benefits, and the economic benefits. The variables are related by means of five hypotheses and are validated statistically with information obtained from 559 responses to a questionnaire applied to the Mexican maquila industry. The model is evaluated using the technique of partial least squares and the results obtained indicate that the green attributes before and after the production process have a direct and positive effect on the obtained benefits, mostly on the operational ones. It is concluded that companies that are focused on increasing their greenness level must monitor and evaluate the existence of green attributes in their production process to guarantee benefits and make fast decisions if required due to deviations.
Developing the Transformative Capacity of Social Innovation through Learning: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda for the Roles of Network Leadership
Authors: Strasser Tim , de Kraker Joop , Kemp René
Published: March 2019

Learning processes play a crucial role in the development of the transformative capacity of social innovation actors. This article builds on the recently developed Transformative Social Innovation (TSI) theory to propose a conceptual framework and research agenda for understanding and investigating the roles and limits of network leadership in supporting learning processes that serve to develop the transformative capacity of social innovation. This focus on network leadership is underdeveloped so far in TSI theory. Addressing this research gap also serves to increase the practical relevance of TSI theory to practitioners engaged in network leadership. After presenting a synopsis of TSI theory, we present an overview of the elements of the conceptual framework, which are successively specified throughout the article. First, transformative change is conceptualized, involving three institutional dimensions: depth, width and length. Based on this, a definition of transformative capacity is proposed that addresses change across these three dimensions. We then describe how various types of learning processes can contribute to the development of transformative capacity. Next, we outline the roles of network leadership in supporting these learning processes across various network levels. We conclude with a research agenda for empirically investigating these roles of network leaders as agents for advancing transformative changes for sustainability.
Land Cover Change in the Abuja City-Region, Nigeria: Integrating GIS and Remotely Sensed Data to Support Land Use Planning
Authors: Enoguanbhor Evidence Chinedu , Gollnow Florian , Nielsen Jonas Ostergaard , Lakes Tobia , Walker Blake Byron
Published: March 2019

Rapid urban expansion is a significant contributor to land cover change and poses a challenge to environmental sustainability, particularly in less developed countries. Insufficient data about urban expansion hinders effective land use planning. Therefore, a high need to collect, process, and disseminate land cover data exists. This study focuses on urban land cover change detection using Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing methods to produce baseline information in support for land use planning. We applied a supervised classification of land cover of LANDSAT data from 1987, 2002, and 2017. We mapped land cover transitions from 1987 to 2017 and computed the net land cover change during this time. Finally, we analyzed the mismatches between the past and current urban land cover and land use plans and quantified the non-urban development area lost to urban/built-up. Our results indicated an increase in urban/built-up and bare land cover types, while vegetation land cover decreased. We observed mismatches between past/current land cover and the existing land use plan. By providing detailed insights into mismatches between the regional land use plan and unregulated urban expansion, this study provides important information for a critical debate on the role and effectiveness of land use planning for environmental sustainability and sustainable urban development, particularly in less developed countries.
Empowering Patients to Co-Create a Sustainable Healthcare Value
Authors: Russo Giuseppe , Moretta Tartaglione Andrea , Cavacece Ylenia
Published: March 2019

Extensive literature suggests that a solution to the current problems of healthcare sustainability is the active involvement of patients in health management through the empowerment of their abilities. Latest marketing frameworks suggest that patients are important resources for co-creating health value together with operators. This research aims to analyze the effects of patient empowerment on patients’ value co-creation behaviors. An empirical survey was conducted on 250 patients with chronic diseases in Italy. The results, analyzed using the structural equation modeling, showed that their empowerment enhanced value co-creation behaviors. Patients apply their health competencies and resources in their co-creation of health service with operators. It is, therefore, important to empower patients in their transformation from passive to active stakeholders, working with providers for the most optimal health outcomes. This research provides practitioners with suggestions for patient involvement which utilizes their knowledge, capabilities and responsibility to improving healthcare services.
What Determines the Psychological Well-Being during Commute in Xi’an: The Role of Built Environment, Travel Attitude, and Travel Characteristics
Authors: Wei Dong , Cao Xiaoshu , Wang Miaomiao
Published: March 2019

The commute well-being (CWB) has been associated with the mental health and depends on the positive or negative emotions that occur during the daily commute. This paper analyzes the influencing factors and discusses the structural relationship between CWB and influencing factors, based on our evaluation of the results for daily CWB between different travel modes. We based our analyses on a CWB survey conducted in the central city proper of Xi’an. In contrast to previous studies, this paper investigates two commuting phases, in the morning and evening, to better analyze daily CWB. To conduct a more comprehensive analysis, in addition to considering multi-stage combined travel, the subjective and objective aspects of factors influencing CWB were deepened and expanded. The measurement was based on the Satisfaction with Travel Scale, which was developed based on a method for measuring subjective well-being. The average CWB level of each model was compared by analyzing the variances. The influencing factors were determined by stepwise regression, and the influence mechanism was analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM). The results indicate that CWB in Xi’an was highest for walking, which was followed, in order, by motorcycle, electric bicycle, staff shuttle bus, bicycle, metro, car, taxi, and bus. The result reflects that commuting by bus is associated with more negative emotions in Xi’an. The results of SEM indicate that the built environment does not directly affect CWB, but it will act on CWB by affecting other factors. The travel attitude, commute mode choice, and other travel characteristics affect each other and affect CWB directly and indirectly. Other travel characteristics has the largest total effect on CWB, and the travel attitudes have the largest direct effect. Without considering the travel attitude, reducing traffic congestion, commuting time, and transfer times can significantly improve CWB and reduce negative emotions in the future in Xi’an.
A Multi-Objective and Multi-Dimensional Optimization Scheduling Method Using a Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithms with a Sectional Encoding Mode
Authors: Xu Wenxiang , Guo Shunsheng
Published: March 2019

Aimed at the problem of the green scheduling problem with automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), the multi-objective and multi-dimensional optimal scheduling process is defined while considering energy consumption and multi-function of machines. The process is a complex and combinational process, considering this characteristic, a mathematical model was developed and integrated with evolutionary algorithms (EAs), which includes a sectional encoding genetic algorithm (SE-GA), sectional encoding discrete particle swarm optimization (SE-DPSO) and hybrid sectional encoding genetic algorithm and discrete particle swarm optimization (H-SE-GA-DPSO). In the model, the encoding of the algorithms was divided into three segments for different optimization dimensions with the objective of minimizing the makespan and energy consumption of machines and the number of AGVs. The sectional encoding described the sequence of operations of related jobs, the matching relation between transfer tasks and AGVs (AGV-task), and the matching relation between operations and machines (operation-machine) respectively for multi-dimensional optimization scheduling. The effectiveness of the proposed three EAs was verified by a typical experiment. Besides, in the experiment, a comparison among SE-GA, SE-DPSO, H-SE-GA-DPSO, hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization (H-GA-PSO) and a tabu search algorithm (TSA) was performed. In H-GA-PSO and TSA, the former just takes the sequence of operations into account, and the latter takes both the sequence of operations and the AGV-task into account. According to the result of the comparison, the superiority of H-SE-GA-DPSO over the other algorithms was proved.
Sustainability as a Framework for Considering Gene Drive Mice for Invasive Rodent Eradication
Authors: Barnhill-Dilling S. Kathleen , Serr Megan , Blondel Dimitri V. , Godwin John
Published: March 2019

Gene drives represent a dynamic and controversial set of technologies with applications that range from mosquito control to the conservation of biological diversity on islands. Currently, gene drives are being developed in mice that may one day serve as an important tool for reducing invasive rodent pests, a key threat to island biodiversity and economies. Gene drives in mice are still in development in laboratories, and wild release of modified mice is likely a distant reality. However, technological changes outpace the existing capacity of regulatory frameworks, and thus require integrated governance frameworks. We suggest sustainability—which gives equal consideration to the environment, economy, and society—as one framework for addressing complexity and uncertainty in the governance of emerging gene drive technologies for invasive species management. We explore the impacts of rodent gene drives on island environments, including potential conservation and restoration of island biodiversity. We outline considerations for rodent gene drives on island economies, including impacts on agricultural and tourism losses, and reductions in biosecurity costs. Finally, we address the social dimension as an essential space for deliberation that will be integral to evaluating the potential deployment of gene drive rodents on islands.
Finding College Student Social Networks by Mining the Records of Student ID Transactions
Authors: Xu Jing-Ya , Liu Tao , Yang Lin-Tao , Davison Mark L. , Liu Shou-Yin
Published: March 2019

Information about college students’ social networks plays a pivotal role in college students’ mental health monitoring and student management. While there have been many studies to infer social networks by data mining, the mining of college students’ social networks lacks consideration of homophily. College students’ social behaviors show significant homophily in the aspect of major and grade. Consequently, the inferred inter-major and inter-grade social ties will be erroneously omitted without considering such an effect. In this work, we aimed to increase the fidelity of the extracted networks by alleviating the homophily effect. To achieve this goal, we propose a method that combines the sliding time-window method with the hierarchical encounter model based on association rules. Specifically, we first calculated the counts of spatial–temporal co-occurrences of each student pair. The co-occurrences were acquired by the sliding time-window method, which takes advantage of the symmetry of the social ties. We then applied the hierarchical encounter model based on association rules to extract social networks by layer. Furthermore, we propose an adaptive method to set co-occurrence thresholds. Results suggested that our model infers the social networks of students with better fidelity, with the proportion of extracted inter-major social ties in entire social ties increasing from 0.89% to 5.45% and the proportion of inter-grade social ties rising from 0.92% to 4.65%.
Fixed Point Results Using Ft-Contractions in Ordered Metric Spaces Having t-Property
Authors: Aydi Hassen , Rashid Tawseef , Haq Khan Qamrul , Mustafa Zead , Jaradat Mohammed M. M.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we prove the existence of fixed points of F t -contraction mappings in partially ordered metric spaces not necessarily complete. We require that the ordered metric space has the t-property, which is a new concept introduced recently by Rashid et al. We also give some examples to illustrate the new concepts and obtained results.
Effects of AgNPs on the Snail Biomphalaria glabrata: Survival, Reproduction and Silver Accumulation
Authors: Oliveira-Filho Eduardo Cyrino , Muniz Daphne Heloísa de Freitas , Carvalho Esther Lima de , Cáceres-Velez Paolin Rocio , Fascineli Maria Luiza , Azevedo Ricardo Bentes , Grisolia Cesar Koppe
Published: March 2019

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used intensively in medical and industrial applications. Environmental concerns have arisen from the potential release of this material into aquatic ecosystems. The aims of this research were to evaluate the potential accumulation of silver in the whole body of organisms and analyze the effects of AgNPs on the survival and reproduction of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Results show slow acute toxicity with a 10-day LC50 of 18.57 mg/L and an effective decrease in the eggs and egg clutches per organism exposed to tested concentrations. Based on these data, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) observed was <1 mg/L for snail reproduction. For silver accumulation, we observed that uptake was faster than elimination, which was very slow and still incomplete 35 days after the end of the experiment. However, the observed accumulation was not connected with a concentration/response relationship, since the amount of silver was not equivalent to a higher reproductive effect. The data observed show that AgNPs are toxic to B. glabrata, and suggest that the snail has internal mechanisms to combat the presence of Ag in its body, ensuring survival and reduced reproduction and showing that the species seems to be a potential indicator for Ag presence in contaminated aquatic ecosystems.
Metal Ions in Activated Carbon Improve the Detection Efficiency of Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi
Authors: Suzuki Tadahiro , Toyoda Masatoshi
Published: March 2019

Aflatoxins (AF), produced by several Aspergillus species, are visible under ultraviolet light if present in high amounts. AF detection can be improved by adding activated carbon, which enhances the observation efficiency of weakly AF-producing fungi. However, commercial activated carbon products differ in their characteristics, making it necessary to investigate which characteristics affect method reproducibility. Herein, the addition of 10 activated carbon products resulted in different AF production rates in each case. The differences in the production of aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) were roughly correlated to the observation efficiency in the plate culture. Trace element analysis showed that the concentrations of several metal ions differed by factors of >100, and the carbons that most effectively increased AFG1 production contained higher amounts of metal ions. Adding 5 mg L−1 Fe or Mg ions increased AFG1 production even without activated carbon. Furthermore, co-addition of both ions increased AFG1 production stably with the addition of carbon. When varying the concentration of additives, only AFG1 production increased in a concentration-dependent manner, while the production of all the other AFs decreased or remained unchanged. These findings suggest that a key factor influencing AF production is the concentration of several metal ions in activated carbon and that increasing AFG1 production improves AF detectability.
The Global Burden of Disease of Zoonotic Parasitic Diseases: Top 5 Contenders for Priority Consideration
Authors: Pisarski Konrad
Published: March 2019

With the rise of global migration, international trade, and global environmental challenges such as climate change, it is not surprising that the interactions between humans and other animals are shifting. Salient infectious diseases, such as malaria and HIV (which have high burdens of disease), attract sophisticated public health frameworks and funding from global/regional organisations, such as the WHO. This unfortunately detracts attention from the many emerging zoonoses that fall under the radar as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). This review considers the available literature and the attribution of burden of disease to the most insidious NTDs and recommends which five are deserving of policy prioritisation. In line with WHO analyses of NTDs, intestinal nematode infections, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis should be prioritised, as well as the burden of disease of cryptosporidiosis, which is largely underestimated. Both monitoring and treatment/prevention control methods for cryptosporidiosis are suggested and explored.
Genomics Analyses of GIV and GVI Noroviruses Reveal the Distinct Clustering of Human and Animal Viruses
Authors: Ford-Siltz Lauren A. , Mullis Lisa , Sanad Yasser M. , Tohma Kentaro , Lepore Cara J. , Azevedo Marli , Parra Gabriel I.
Published: March 2019

Noroviruses are highly diverse viruses that are the major viral cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Although these viruses can infect multiple mammalian species, their potential for zoonosis is not well understood, especially within Genogroup IV (GIV), which contains viruses that infect humans, canines, and felines. The study of GIV viruses has been, in part, hindered by the limited number of complete genomes. Here, we developed a full-genome amplicon-based platform that facilitated the sequencing of canine noroviruses circulating in the United States. Eight novel nearly full-length canine norovirus genomes and two nearly complete VP1 sequences, including four GIV.2, three GVI.1, and three GVI.2 viruses, were successfully obtained. Only animal strains exhibited GVI/GIV chimeric viruses, demonstrating restrictions in norovirus recombination. Using genomic, phylogenetic, and structural analyses, we show that differences within the major capsid protein and the non-structural proteins of GIV and GVI noroviruses could potentially limit cross-species transmission between humans, canines, and felines.
A Needle in A Haystack: Tracing Bivalve-Associated Viruses in High-Throughput Transcriptomic Data
Authors: Rosani Umberto , Shapiro Maxwell , Venier Paola , Allam Bassem
Published: March 2019

Bivalve mollusks thrive in environments rich in microorganisms, such as estuarine and coastal waters, and they tend to accumulate various particles, including viruses. However, the current knowledge on mollusk viruses is mainly centered on few pathogenic viruses, whereas a general view of bivalve-associated viromes is lacking. This study was designed to explore the viral abundance and diversity in bivalve mollusks using transcriptomic datasets. From analyzing RNA-seq data of 58 bivalve species, we have reconstructed 26 nearly complete and over 413 partial RNA virus genomes. Although 96.4% of the predicted viral proteins refer to new viruses, some sequences belong to viruses associated with bivalve species or other marine invertebrates. We considered short non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) and post-transcriptional modifications occurring specifically on viral RNAs as tools for virus host-assignment. We could not identify virus-derived small RNAs in sncRNA reads obtained from the oyster sample richest in viral reads. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed 938 A-to-G substitutions occurring on the 26 identified RNA viruses, preferentially impacting the AA di-nucleotide motif. Under-representation analysis revealed that the AA motif is under-represented in these bivalve-associated viruses. These findings improve our understanding of bivalve viromes, and set the stage for targeted investigations on the specificity and dynamics of identified viruses.
A Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)-Based Vaccine Candidate for Human Norovirus
Authors: Craig Kelsey , Dai Xianjun , Li Anzhong , Lu Mijia , Xue Miaoge , Rosas Lucia , Gao Thomas Z. , Niehaus Andrew , Jennings Ryan , Li Jianrong
Published: March 2019

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are responsible for more than 95% of the non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis epidemics in the world. The CDC estimates that every year 21 million individuals suffer from HuNoV-induced gastroenteritis in the United States. Currently, there is no FDA-approved vaccine for HuNoVs. Development of an effective vaccine has been hampered by the lack of an efficient cell culture system for HuNoVs and a suitable small animal model for pathogenesis study. In this study, we developed lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a vector to deliver HuNoV antigen. A LAB strain (Lactococcus lactis) carrying VP1 gene of a HuNoV GII.4 virus (LAB-VP1) was constructed. It was found that HuNoV VP1 protein was highly expressed by LAB vector and was secreted into media supernatants. To test whether LAB-based HuNoV vaccine candidate is immunogenic, 4-day-old gnotobiotic piglets were orally inoculated with various doses of LAB-VP1. It was found that LABs were persistent in the small intestine of piglets and shed in pig feces for at least 25 days post inoculation. LAB DNA and VP1 were detected in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen tissue in LAB-VP1 inoculated groups. HuNoV-specific IgG and IgA were detectable in serum and feces respectively at day 13 post-inoculation, and further increased at later time points. After being challenged with HuNoV GII.4 strain, a large amount of HuNoV antigens were observed in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum sections of the intestine in the LAB control group. In contrast, significantly less, or no, HuNoV antigens were detected in the LAB-VP1 immunized groups. Collectively, these results demonstrate that a LAB-based HuNoV vaccine induces protective immunity in gnotobiotic piglets.
Propagation of Rhinovirus C in Differentiated Immortalized Human Airway HBEC3-KT Epithelial Cells
Authors: Nakauchi Mina , Nagata Noriyo , Takayama Ikuyo , Saito Shinji , Kubo Hideyuki , Kaida Atsushi , Oba Kunihiro , Odagiri Takato , Kageyama Tsutomu
Published: March 2019

Rhinoviruses (RVs) are classified into three species: RV-A, B, and C. Unlike RV-A and -B, RV-C cannot be propagated using standard cell culture systems. In order to isolate RV-Cs from clinical specimens and gain a better understanding of their biological properties and pathogenesis, we established air–liquid-interface (ALI) culture methods using HBEC3-KT and HSAEC1-KT immortalized human airway epithelial cells. HBEC3- and HSAEC1-ALI cultures morphologically resembled pseudostratified epithelia with cilia and goblet cells. Two fully sequenced clinical RV-C isolates, RV-C9 and -C53, were propagated in HBEC3-ALI cultures, and increases in viral RNA ranging from 1.71 log10 to 7.06 log10 copies were observed. However, this propagation did not occur in HSAEC1-ALI cultures. Using the HBEC3-ALI culture system, 11 clinical strains of RV-C were isolated from 23 clinical specimens, and of them, nine were passaged and re-propagated. The 11 clinical isolates were classified as RV-C2, -C6, -C9, -C12, -C18, -C23, -C40, and -C53 types according to their VP1 sequences. Our stable HBEC3-ALI culture system is the first cultivable cell model that supports the growth of multiple RV-C virus types from clinical specimens. Thus, the HBEC3-ALI culture system provides a cheap and easy-to-use alternative to existing cell models for isolating and investigating RV-Cs.
Evaluation of Hyperspectral Reflectance Parameters to Assess the Leaf Water Content in Soybean
Authors: Kovar Marek , Brestic Marian , Sytar Oksana , Barek Viliam , Hauptvogel Pavol , Zivcak Marek
Published: March 2019

Nondestructive assessment of water content and water stress in plants is an important component in the rational use of crop irrigation management in precision agriculture. Spectral measurements of light reflectance in the UV/VIS/NIR region (350–1075 nm) from individual leaves were acquired under a rapid dehydration protocol for validation of the remote sensing water content assessment in soybean plants. Four gravimetrical approaches of leaf water content assessment were used: relative water content (RWC), foliar water content as percent of total fresh mass (FWCt), foliar water content as percent of dry mass (FWCd), and equivalent water thickness (EWT). Leaf desiccation resulted in changes in optical properties with increasing relative reflectance at wavelengths between 580 and 700 nm. The highest positive correlations were observed for the relations between the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and EWT (rP = 0.860). Data analysis revealed that the specific water absorption band at 970 nm showed relatively weaker sensitivity to water content parameters. The prediction of leaf water content parameters from PRI measurements was better with RMSEs of 12.4% (rP = 0.786), 9.1% (rP = 0.736), and 0.002 (rP = 0.860) for RWC, FWCt, and EWT (p < 0.001), respectively. The results may contribute to more efficient crop water management and confirmed that EWT has a statistically closer relationship with reflectance indices than other monitored water parameters.
Use of Drones for the Topo-Bathymetric Monitoring of the Reservoirs of the Segura River Basin
Authors: Erena Manuel , Atenza Joaquín F. , García-Galiano Sandra , Domínguez José A. , Bernabé José M.
Published: March 2019

The Segura River Basin (SRB), located in the South East of Spain, has the lowest percentage of renewable water resources of all the Spanish basins. Therefore, knowledge of the annual rate of water reservoir sedimentation is an important issue to be resolved in one of the most water-stressed regions in the western Mediterranean basin. This paper describes the sensors developed in collaboration with technology-based enterprises (aerial drone, floating drone, and underwater drone), and the methodology for integration of the different types of data acquired to monitor the reservoirs of the SRB. The proposed solution was applied to 21 reservoirs of the SRB. The proposed methodology is based on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for photogrammetry of the reservoir surface area. For each reservoir, two flights were completed, with 20 cm and 5 cm resolution, respectively. Then, a triangular irregular network mesh was generated by GIS techniques. Surface water vehicles (USV) and underwater remote-operated vehicles (ROV) were used to undertake bathymetric surveys. In addition, water quality measurements were made with an ROV device. The main results consist of topographic and bathymetric measurements for each reservoir, obtained by using equipment based on OpenSource technology. According to the results, the annual rate of storage capacity loss of water resources in the SRB´s reservoirs is 0.33%.
Surveying the Giant H ii Regions of the Milky Way with SOFIA. I. W51A
Authors: Lim Wanggi , De Buizer James M.
Published: March 2019

We discuss the first results from our mid-infrared (MIR) imaging survey of Milky Way Giant H ii (GH ii) regions with our detailed analysis of W51A, which is one of the largest GH ii regions in our Galaxy. We used the FORCAST instrument on the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) to obtain 20 and 37 μm images of the central 10′ × 20′ area, which encompasses both of the G49.5–0.4 and G49.4–0.3 subregions. Based on these new data, and in conjunction with previous multiwavelength observations, we conjecture on the physical nature of several individual sources and subcomponents within W51A. We find that extinction seems to play an important role in the observed structures we see in the near- to MIR, both globally and locally. We used the SOFIA photometry combined with Spitzer–IRAC and Herschel–PACS photometry data to construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the subcomponents and point sources detected in the SOFIA images. We fit those SEDs with young stellar object models and found 41 sources that are likely to be massive young stellar objects, many of which are identified as such in this work for the first time. Close to half of the massive young stellar objects do not have detectable radio continuum emission at centimeter wavelengths, implying a very young state of formation. We derived luminosity-to-mass ratio and virial parameters of the extended radio subregions of W51A to estimate their relative ages.
How to Measure Galaxy Star Formation Histories. I. Parametric Models
Authors: Carnall Adam C. , Leja Joel , Johnson Benjamin D. , McLure Ross J. , Dunlop James S. , Conroy Charlie
Published: March 2019

Parametric models for galaxy star formation histories (SFHs) are widely used, though they are known to impose strong priors on physical parameters. This has consequences for measurements of the galaxy stellar-mass function, star formation rate density (SFRD), and star-forming main sequence (SFMS). We investigate the effects of the exponentially declining, delayed exponentially declining, lognormal, and double power-law SFH models using Bagpipes. We demonstrate that each of these models imposes strong priors on specific star formation rates (SFRs), potentially biasing the SFMS, and also imposes a strong prior preference for young stellar populations. We show that stellar mass, SFR, and mass-weighted age inferences from high-quality mock photometry vary with the choice of SFH model by at least 0.1, 0.3, and 0.2 dex, respectively. However, the biases with respect to the true values depend more on the true SFH shape than the choice of model. We also demonstrate that photometric data cannot discriminate between SFH models, meaning that it is important to perform independent tests to find well-motivated priors. We finally fit a low-redshift, volume-complete sample of galaxies from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) Survey with each model. We demonstrate that our stellar masses and SFRs at redshift z ∼ 0.05 are consistent with other analyses. However, our inferred cosmic SFRDs peak at z ∼ 0.4, approximately 6 Gyr later than direct observations suggest, meaning that our mass-weighted ages are significantly underestimated. This makes the use of parametric SFH models for understanding mass assembly in galaxies challenging. In a companion paper, we consider nonparametric SFH models.
Le féminisme en héritage ?
Authors: Masclet Camille
Published: March 2019

À partir d’une enquête sur les féministes de la deuxième vague en France, cet article porte sur la diffusion du féminisme dans la sphère familiale des militantes, un espace de transmission relativement peu exploré par la littérature. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux processus de réception et d’appropriation d’un « héritage féministe » chez les enfants de militantes. Après une présentation générale de ces héritages et des mécanismes de leur transmission, l’analyse de quatre portraits d’enfants de militantes met en évidence des modalités variées de réception, allant de la simple intériorisation de contenus à des appropriations politiques et militantes. Informée par les autres cas rencontrés dans l’enquête, cette analyse permet de dégager des éléments plus généraux pour comprendre les variations observées.
Appropriations des idées féministes et transformation de soi par la lecture
Authors: Albenga Viviane , Bachmann Laurence
Published: March 2019

En s’inscrivant dans la sociologie de la réception, cet article analyse les effets de la lecture comme support à la diffusion d’idées féministes chez les femmes des classes moyennes. En comparant les cas de lectrices issus de deux enquêtes de terrain, l’une sur des cercles de lecture lyonnais majoritairement féminins, l’autre sur des femmes sensibilisées aux questions de genre à Genève, nous proposons de comprendre comment des textes littéraires, de sciences sociales ou de développement personnel soutiennent des trajectoires de transgression, voire de subversion du genre. Ces processus sont rendus possibles par deux formes différenciées d’appropriation des idées féministes : la contestation des normes liées à la féminité hétérosexuelle et l’autonomisation matérielle et symbolique à l’égard des hommes.
Des héritages sans testament
Authors: Delage Pauline
Published: March 2019

En s’appuyant sur une enquête menée en France et aux États-Unis sur les évolutions de la lutte contre la violence conjugale, cet article montre comment des idées et des pratiques permettant de comprendre le phénomène de la violence conjugale sont diffusées, transformées et parfois rejetées dans les associations héritières du féminisme des années 1970. Cet héritage féministe prend des formes distinctes en France et aux États-Unis. Il est d’abord façonné par l’ancrage des associations dans le secteur du travail social en France, et dans celui de la santé mentale aux États-Unis. En outre, le rapport au mouvement féministe diffère en fonction des contextes institutionnels et politiques, nationaux et locaux. Si l’identité féministe est « évitée » aux États-Unis, elle est plus clairement mise en avant en France. Toutefois, de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, la question des hommes demeure un point de clivage dans les associations.
Féministes ou postféministes ?
Authors: Aronson Pamela , Boisson Hélène
Published: March 2019

Contrairement à une idée communément admise et aux recherches jusqu’ici consacrées à la génération « postféministe », cette recherche étatsunienne montre que les jeunes femmes sont conscientes de l’évolution récente des opportunités ouvertes aux femmes, mais aussi de la permanence des inégalités et des discriminations. Les résultats mettent en lumière à la fois un large soutien envers les objectifs féministes et une attitude ambivalente concernant la notion elle-même. Si certaines femmes s’inscrivent dans un continuum d’identification au féminisme, la moitié se présentent comme « ni pour ni contre » ou ne sont pas en mesure de formuler une opinion. Leur positionnement varie en fonction des catégories sociales et raciales, mais aussi des différentes trajectoires sociales.
Le rire et le sacré
Authors: Ihl Olivier
Published: March 2019

Après la chute de la Monarchie de Juillet, les images lithographiées se lancent à l’assaut du politique. Dès le printemps 1848, Louis Marie Bosredon, ouvrier socialiste, participe à cette révolte. Il multiplie les caricatures, notamment avec une série de dessins édités par Lordereau, rue Saint-Jacques ou par Bès et Dubreuil, rue Gît-le-Cœur. Comme pour mettre à bas l’éminence visuelle du roi. En s’efforçant de retrouver le temps et la narration de ces images fixes, cet article s’efforce de comprendre en quoi ces tirages participent de l’événement politique. Car la République n’a pas seulement ouvert, en 1848, un espace de libertés, celui des rires de lèse-majesté. Elle a tenté de donner son éclat à la souveraineté d’un peuple-roi. Longtemps inconnu, ce dessinateur n’a pas juste ri des grands qui chutaient. Il s’est appliqué à mettre en scène une autre formule de grandeur. Pour le mesurer, il faut interroger l’art comique de ce graveur. Non pas se contenter d’interpréter chaque dessin, en posant d’hypothétiques « significations », mais renouer avec leur structure sociale, notamment au travers les projets et dispositions qui, concrètement, ont pu les inspirer. Comment ses estampes, aujourd’hui presque sans vie, sont-elles entrées en insurrection ? Quel rôle le rire a-t-il joué dans cette recomposition du sacré en politique ? Un axe de recherche qui invite à expliquer de quoi se nourrit la révolte graphique de Louis Marie Bosredon, en somme, en quoi la caricature a pu donner libre cours à sa critique du gouvernement représentatif.
Ronds-points théoriques et passages à niveau analytiques
Authors: Bérard Yann , Roger Antoine
Published: March 2019

Dans ses premiers développements, la sociologie des sciences a intégré un questionnement sur l’insertion des productions savantes dans des rapports de pouvoir, des mécanismes de légitimation politique et des dynamiques d’institutionnalisation. Elle a en d’autres termes entretenu des liens étroits avec la sociologie politique. L’affirmation des Science and Technology Studies a ensuite conduit à s’éloigner de cette démarche, au bénéfice d’une réflexion très large sur les relations entre savoirs et pouvoirs – davantage ancrée dans la théorie politique. Les articles réunis dans le dossier thématique ici présenté invitent à reprendre le dialogue et à retrouver le chemin d’une sociologie politique des sciences. Pour avancer dans cette direction, il paraît nécessaire de remiser des constructions théoriques qui produisent un effet d’évitement et de se concentrer sur quelques croisements analytiques. Des recherches peuvent porter sur l’autonomie de l’activité scientifique face au pouvoir politique – autrement dit sur le conditionnement politique des sciences et des techniques et sur la capacité des savants à orienter la conduite des politiques publiques. Il convient par ailleurs d’étudier le statut de l’expertise scientifique et ses évolutions, notamment sous l’effet de mécanismes supposés associer les profanes à la prise de décision politique.
Effects of functional pasta ingredients on different gut microbiota as revealed by TIM-2 in vitro model of the proximal colon
Authors: Martina A. , Felis G.E. , Corradi M. , Maffeis C. , Torriani S. , Venema K.
Published: March 2019

Diet-related modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolic activity represents an intriguing research context, particularly in the case of disorders related to imbalances in gut microbial communities. We here explored the effects of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 (BC30), β-glucans, and innovative whole-grain pastas, with or without these functional ingredients, on gut microbiota from three groups of children, presenting different susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, by using the well-controlled TNO in vitro model of the proximal colon (TIM-2). Short- and branched-chain fatty acids production and microbiota composition were assessed by means of gas chromatography and 16S rRNA gene profiling, respectively. In most cases, in vitro dietary interventions caused microbiota-dependent modulations as a result of intergroup variability, but also specific changes in microbial groups were shared between the three microbiotas, highlighting specific diet-microbial taxa connections.
Electrochemical Properties of Ball-Milled Zinc Hexacyanoferrate Cathode Material for Calcium Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Du Yeol , Lee Hajin , Jeong Soon Ki
Published: March 2019

In this study, ball-milled zinc hexacyanoferrate (ZnHCF) active materials, a Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), were applied in the aqueous rechargeable calcium-ion battery (ARCIB) system. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that there was no structural destruction of the ZnHCF active materials upon ball milling. A comparison of the pristine and ball-milled ZnHCF active materials by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the ball-milled ZnHCF active material particles were smaller than those of the pristine material. The highest initial charge/discharge capacity was observed on the electrode based on the ZnHCF active material that was ball-milled for 9 h. As the time of the ball mill process was reduced, the initial charge/discharge capacity of the electrodes gradually decreased. XRD and SEM confirmed the eventual collapse of the electrode structure, which explained why the increased capacity of the ARCIB system was not sustained.
Evaluations of Absorption Materials Applied in the Noise Reduction: Experiment and Simulation
Authors: Liu Y.C. , Huang Y.C. , Tang Yun Jhe , Lei Tzu Hsuan
Published: March 2019

This article presents a finite element simulation method for airflow resistance of material to predict the influence of absorption material applied to compressor box. To obtain the real airflow resistance, a measurement system based on the standard ASTM C522-03 was systematically built up and carefully verified. Furthermore, commercial finite element software, COMSOL Multiphysics, was adopted to create the model and execute the simulation with and without absorption material. Results showed that airflow resistance increases with the thickness and the density of the material. This system is quite stable and suited to any material. With the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, the performance of noise with and without absorption material can be analyzed and compared with experimental results. There was good agreement between experimental and simulation results. Based on absorption material of 15,278 Pa.s/m3 airflow resistance, the noise level outside the compressor box obtained from experiment was around 10 dBA higher than that obtained from simulation.
Exposure-Dependent Antimicrobial Activity and Oxidative Properties of Polymer-Based Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites
Authors: Perez Jem Valerie D. , Perez Joy Vanessa  D. , Rojo Raniv  D. , Dalida Maria Lourdes  P. , Rodrigues Debora F.
Published: March 2019

Bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation has emerged as a significant concern in the long-term use of industrial apparatus. This study describes the antimicrobial properties of a novel chitosan-polyethyleneimine-graphene oxide (CS-PEI-GO) nanocomposite against E. coli. The nanocomposite is a stable material with minimal dispersibility in storage water after more than 7 days. The antimicrobial activity is contact-time-dependent, with direct contact (92% bacterial inactivation after 3h exposure) having superior results compared with dynamic contact (~50% inactivation after 3h exposure). In addition, the incorporation of GO also translated to enhanced production of ROS—oxidation of GSH was higher in CS-PEI-GO (31.78%) as compared to CS-PEI alone (5.69%). This may be attributed to previously proposed mechanisms of mechanical membrane damage and reactive oxygen species production that may be more pronounced with prolonged contact. This may be due to the positively charged chitosan and the negatively charged cell membrane facilitating the coating of cells that could allow the oxygen-containing functional groups of GO to induce oxidative stress and lead to cell death.
Mixture Proportioning Design of Pervious Concrete Using the Paste Content Ratio Method (Aggregate Gradation 19mm~9.5mm and 9.5mm~4.75mm)
Authors: Su Jen Hui , Cheng Yung Fa , Wu Nian Jhen
Published: March 2019

In this work, we used the concept of paste content ratios in the mixture proportioning design of pervious concrete so that the concrete paste content could be adjusted to satisfy the requirements of different engineering applications. We experimentally demonstrated that compressive strength is negatively correlated with the coefficient of permeability and positively correlated with the paste content ratio. The highest compressive strength achieved in this study was 340 kgf/cm2, whereas the highest permeability coefficient was 0.116 cm/s. Design graphs for flowability, compressive strength, and permeability coefficient of the concrete mixtures were also constructed to be used by engineering companies as reference data.
Plasmonic Resonance Sensitivity in Phase Transition of Ga Nanoparticle Arrays Grown by Glancing Angle Deposition Technique
Authors: Ualibek Oral , Tikhonov Alexander , Kurbanova Aliya , Demeuova Gulzat , Shvets Igor V. , Sugurbekova Gulnar
Published: March 2019

Gallium is a liquid metal at near room temperature and in recent decades has become a key element in both electronic and optoelectronic applications. We demonstrate for the first time highly ordered spherical Ga nanoparticle (NP) arrays were fabricated by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. GLAD is a simple method based on self-assembly that can produce highly ordered one-dimensional plasmonic NP chains. The real time (in-situ) monitoring of optical properties of Ga NPs plays an important role in measurement of optical behaviour in phase change. Also this provides information on the growth mechanism and allows production of structures with the desired optical characteristics. Reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) has been used for monitoring of in-situ optical properties of the liquid-solid transition in Ga NP arrays. The results show stability and phase transition sensitivity of plasmonic resonance of Ga NP arrays. In order to confirm experimental results an analytical model was adapted by using Transfer Matrix Formalism and experimental parameters of Ga NP arrays were used for simulation.
Evidence for Reliability and Validity of Functional Performance Testing in the Evaluation of Nonarthritic Hip Pain
Authors: McGovern Ryan P. , Christoforetti John J. , Martin RobRoy L. , Phelps Amy L. , Kivlan Benjamin R.
Published: March 2019

Context

The single-legged–squat test (SLST) and step-down test (SDT) are 2 functional performance tests commonly used to evaluate active people with nonarthritic hip pain and dysfunction. However, evidence to support the use of the SLST and SDT in this population is lacking.

Objective

To offer evidence of reliability and validity for the SLST and SDT in evaluating patients with nonarthritic hip pain.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Orthopaedic surgeon's clinical office.

Patients or Other Participants

Forty-five patients (27 female and 18 male participants; age = 28.5 ± 10 years, height = 171.6 ± 10.1 cm, weight = 73.9 ± 15.2 kg, and body mass index = 25 ± 4.1) diagnosed with nonarthritic hip pain.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Participants performed the SLST and SDT. Interrater reliability and validity of passive internal rotation of the hip, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and hip outcome scores (HOSs) for limitations in activities of daily living and sport-related activities (SRAs) were collected.

Results

Interrater reliability was moderate to excellent for both the SLST (0.603–0.939) and SDT (0.745–0.943). Participants who passed or failed the SLST and SDT differed on the following measures: VAS for the SLST (F1,43 = 16.21, P < .001); VAS for the SDT (F1,43 = 13.41, P = .001); HOS-activities of daily living for the SLST (F1,40 = 5.15, P = .029); HOS-SRAs for the SLST (F1,40 = 7.48, P = .009); and HOS-SRAs for the SDT (F1,40 = 6.42, P = .015).

Conclusions

Our study offers evidence for the use of the SLST and SDT as reliable and valid functional performance tests in the evaluation of physical function for patients with nonarthritic hip pain.