bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Atmospheric Noise Temperature at the Deep Space Network With Machine Learning
Authors: Wu Longtao , Morabito David D. , Teixeira Joaquim P. , Huang Lei , Nguyen Hai M. , Su Hui , Soriano Melissa A. , Pan Lei , Kahan Daniel S. , Bhawar Rohini
Published: November 2022

Ka‐band (32 GHz) communications links utilized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) flight missions for science downlink are susceptible to degradation due to weather. In this study, a customized real‐time forecast system has been developed to predict zenith atmospheric noise temperature (Tatm) at the Deep Space Network (DSN) tracking sites using machine learning (ML). A random forest model is trained with the Global Forecast System (GFS) forecast and analysis datasets in addition to the Tatm measurements derived from on‐site advanced water vapor radiometers (AWVR). The real‐time forecast uncertainty is quantified for different error regimes using the Self‐Organizing Map method. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the 24‐hr Tatm prediction at Goldstone, CA increases with the increase of Tatm. At 90% of the time, the forecasts have RMSE (bias) of less than 3.50 K (0.16 K) for fair‐weather conditions with Tatm < 16 K. In comparison to the current approach in designing Ka‐band communications links, application of weather forecasts can increase data return to the downlink for 80% of the time. A downlink gain of up to 2.43 dB (75% more data) can be realized at 10° elevation angle when Tatm = 8.32 K.
SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein
Authors: Albornoz Eduardo A. , Amarilla Alberto A. , Modhiran Naphak , Parker Sandra , Li Xaria X. , Wijesundara Danushka K. , Aguado Julio , Zamora Adriana Pliego , McMillan Christopher L. D. , Liang Benjamin , Peng Nias Y. G. , Sng Julian D. J. , Saima Fatema Tuj , Fung Jenny N. , Lee John D. , Paramitha Devina , Parry Rhys , Avumegah Michael S. , Isaacs Ariel , Lo Martin W. , Miranda-Chacon Zaray , Bradshaw Daniella , Salinas-Rebolledo Constanza , Rajapakse Niwanthi W. , Wolvetang Ernst J. , Munro Trent P. , Rojas-Fernandez Alejandro , Young Paul R. , Stacey Katryn J. , Khromykh Alexander A. , Chappell Keith J. , Watterson Daniel , Woodruff Trent M.
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory disease, however, an increasing number of reports indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection can also cause severe neurological manifestations, including precipitating cases of probable Parkinson’s disease. As microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a major driver of neurodegeneration, here we interrogated whether SARS-CoV-2 can promote microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Using SARS-CoV-2 infection of transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as a COVID-19 pre-clinical model, we established the presence of virus in the brain together with microglial activation and NLRP3 inflammasome upregulation in comparison to uninfected mice. Next, utilising a model of human monocyte-derived microglia, we identified that SARS-CoV-2 isolates can bind and enter human microglia in the absence of viral replication. This interaction of virus and microglia directly induced robust inflammasome activation, even in the absence of another priming signal. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that purified SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in LPS-primed microglia, in a ACE2-dependent manner. Spike protein also could prime the inflammasome in microglia through NF-κB signalling, allowing for activation through either ATP, nigericin or α-synuclein. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 and spike protein-mediated microglial inflammasome activation was significantly enhanced in the presence of α-synuclein fibrils and was entirely ablated by NLRP3-inhibition. Finally, we demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 infected hACE2 mice treated orally post-infection with the NLRP3 inhibitory drug MCC950, have significantly reduced microglial inflammasome activation, and increased survival in comparison with untreated SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. These results support a possible mechanism of microglial innate immune activation by SARS-CoV-2, which could explain the increased vulnerability to developing neurological symptoms akin to Parkinson’s disease in COVID-19 infected individuals, and a potential therapeutic avenue for intervention.
Identification of the ultrahigh-risk subgroup in neuroblastoma cases through DNA methylation analysis and its treatment exploiting cancer metabolism
Authors: Watanabe Kentaro , Kimura Shunsuke , Seki Masafumi , Isobe Tomoya , Kubota Yasuo , Sekiguchi Masahiro , Sato-Otsubo Aiko , Hiwatari Mitsuteru , Kato Motohiro , Oka Akira , Koh Katsuyoshi , Sato Yusuke , Tanaka Hiroko , Miyano Satoru , Kawai Tomoko , Hata Kenichiro , Ueno Hiroo , Nannya Yasuhito , Suzuki Hiromichi , Yoshida Kenichi , Fujii Yoichi , Nagae Genta , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Ogawa Seishi , Takita Junko
Published: November 2022

Neuroblastomas require novel therapies that are based on the exploitation of their biological mechanism. To address this need, we analyzed the DNA methylation and expression datasets of neuroblastomas, extracted a candidate gene characterizing the aggressive features, and conducted functional studies. Based on the DNA methylation data, we identified a subgroup of neuroblastoma cases with 11q loss of heterozygosity with extremely poor prognosis. PHGDH, a serine metabolism-related gene, was extracted as a candidate with strong expression and characteristic methylation in this subgroup as well as in cases with MYCN amplification. PHGDH inhibition suppressed neuroblastoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, indicating that the inhibition of serine metabolism by PHGDH inhibitors is a therapeutic alternative for neuroblastoma. Inhibiting the arginine metabolism, which is closely related to serine metabolism using arginine deiminase, had a combination effect both in vitro and in vivo, especially on extracellular arginine-dependent neuroblastoma cells with ASS1 deficiency. Expression and metabolome analyses of post-dose cells confirmed the synergistic effects of treatments targeting serine and arginine indicated that xCT inhibitors that inhibit cystine uptake could be candidates for further combinatorial treatment. Our results highlight the rational therapeutic strategy of targeting serine/arginine metabolism for intractable neuroblastoma.
Risk of subsequent primary oral cancer in a cohort of 69,460 5-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer in Europe: the PanCareSurFup study
Authors: Sunguc Ceren , Hawkins Michael M. , Winter David L. , Dudley Isabelle M. , Heymer Emma J. , Teepen Jop C. , Allodji Rodrigue S. , Belle Fabiën N. , Bagnasco Francesca , Byrne Julianne , Bárdi Edit , Ronckers Cécile M. , Haddy Nadia , Gudmundsdottir Thorgerdur , Garwicz Stanislaw , Jankovic Momcilo , van der Pal Helena J. H. , Mazić Maja Česen , Schindera Christina , Grabow Desiree , Maule Milena M. , Kaatsch Peter , Kaiser Melanie , Fresneau Brice , Michel Gisela , Skinner Roderick , Wiebe Thomas , Sacerdote Carlotta , Jakab Zsuzsanna , Gunnes Maria Winther , Terenziani Monica , Winther Jeanette F. , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Zaletel Lorna Zadravec , Kuehni Claudia E. , Kremer Leontien C. , Haupt Riccardo , de Vathaire Florent , Hjorth Lars , Reulen Raoul C.
Published: November 2022

Background

Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk of subsequent primary malignant neoplasms (SPNs), but the risk for rarer types of SPNs, such as oral cancer, is uncertain. Previous studies included few oral SPNs, hence large-scale cohorts are required to identify groups at risks.

Methods

The PanCareSurFup cohort includes 69,460 5-year survivors of childhood cancer across Europe. Risks of oral SPNs were defined by standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), absolute excess risks and cumulative incidence.

Results

One hundred and forty-five oral SPNs (64 salivary gland, 38 tongue, 20 pharynx, 2 lip, and 21 other) were ascertained among 143 survivors. Survivors were at 5-fold risk of an oral SPN (95% CI: 4.4–5.6). Survivors of leukaemia were at greatest risk (SIR = 19.2; 95% CI: 14.6–25.2) followed by bone sarcoma (SIR = 6.4, 95% CI: 3.7–11.0), Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 6.2, 95% CI: 3.9–9.9) and soft-tissue sarcoma (SIR = 5.0, 95% CI: 3.0–8.5). Survivors treated with radiotherapy were at 33-fold risk of salivary gland SPNs (95% CI: 25.3–44.5), particularly Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 66.2, 95% CI: 43.6–100.5) and leukaemia (SIR = 50.5, 95% CI: 36.1–70.7) survivors. Survivors treated with chemotherapy had a substantially increased risk of a tongue SPN (SIR = 15.9, 95% CI: 10.6–23.7).

Conclusions

Previous radiotherapy increases the risk of salivary gland SPNs considerably, while chemotherapy increases the risk of tongue SPNs substantially. Awareness of these risks among both health-care professionals and survivors could play a crucial role in detecting oral SPNs early.
Genetics of randomly bred cats support the cradle of cat domestication being in the Near East
Authors: Nilson Sara M. , Gandolfi Barbara , Grahn Robert A. , Kurushima Jennifer D. , Lipinski Monika J. , Randi Ettore , Waly Nashwa E. , Driscoll Carlos , Murua Escobar Hugo , Schuster Rolf K. , Maruyama Soichi , Labarthe Norma , Chomel Bruno B. , Ghosh Sankar Kumar , Ozpinar Haydar , Rah Hyung-Chul , Millán Javier , Mendes-de-Almeida Flavya , Levy Julie K. , Heitz Elke , Scherk Margie A. , Alves Paulo C. , Decker Jared E. , Lyons Leslie A.
Published: November 2022

Cat domestication likely initiated as a symbiotic relationship between wildcats (Felis silvestris subspecies) and the peoples of developing agrarian societies in the Fertile Crescent. As humans transitioned from hunter-gatherers to farmers ~12,000 years ago, bold wildcats likely capitalized on increased prey density (i.e., rodents). Humans benefited from the cats’ predation on these vermin. To refine the site(s) of cat domestication, over 1000 random-bred cats of primarily Eurasian descent were genotyped for single-nucleotide variants and short tandem repeats. The overall cat population structure suggested a single worldwide population with significant isolation by the distance of peripheral subpopulations. The cat population heterozygosity decreased as genetic distance from the proposed cat progenitor’s (F.s. lybica) natural habitat increased. Domestic cat origins are focused in the eastern Mediterranean Basin, spreading to nearby islands, and southernly via the Levantine coast into the Nile Valley. Cat population diversity supports the migration patterns of humans and other symbiotic species.
The effectiveness of immunomodulatory therapies for patients with repeated implantation failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Mengqi , Yuan Yuan , Qiao Yan , Tang Yuzhu , Sui Xi , Yin Ping , Yang Dongzi
Published: November 2022

This meta-analysis analyzed the clinical pregnancy outcomes of repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients treated with immunomodulatory therapies. Publications (published by August 16, 2021) were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The quality of the studies was evaluated with the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and a network meta-analysis was performed with Stata 14.0. The outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR), and implantation rate (IR). The results of our network meta-analysis of 16 RCTs (including 2,008 participants) show that PBMCs, PRP, and SC-GCSF can significantly improve the CPR compared with LMWH (PBMCs: OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.21–3.83; PRP: OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.08–5.24; SC-GCSF: OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.05–5.72). The LBR of PRP was significantly higher than those of IU-GCSF (OR 3.81; 95% CI 1.22–11.86), LMWH (OR 4.38; 95% CI 1.50–12.90), and intralipid (OR 3.85; 95% CI 1.03–14.29), and the LBR of PBMCs was also significantly better than that of LMWH (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.14–4.85). Furthermore, PRP treatment significantly improved the IR compared with LMWH treatment (OR 2.81; 95% CI 1.07–7.4). The limited evidence from existing RCTs suggests that PBMCs and PRP are the best therapeutic options for RIF patients. However, owing to the quantity limitation, more top-quality research is required to obtain additional high-level evidence.
DNA read count calibration for single-molecule, long-read sequencing
Authors: Soares Luis M. M. , Hanscom Terrence , Selby Donald E. , Adjei Samuel , Wang Wei , Przybylski Dariusz , Thompson John F.
Published: November 2022

There are many applications in which quantitative information about DNA mixtures with different molecular lengths is important. Gene therapy vectors are much longer than can be sequenced individually via short-read NGS. However, vector preparations may contain smaller DNAs that behave differently during sequencing. We have used two library preparations each for Pacific Biosystems (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies NGS to determine their suitability for quantitative assessment of varying sized DNAs. Equimolar length standards were generated from E. coli genomic DNA. Both PacBio library preparations provided a consistent length dependence though with a complex pattern. This method is sufficiently sensitive that differences in genomic copy number between DNA from E. coli grown in exponential and stationary phase conditions could be detected. The transposase-based Oxford Nanopore library preparation provided a predictable length dependence, but the random sequence starts caused the loss of original length information. The ligation-based approach retained length information but read frequency was more variable. Modeling of E. coli versus lambda read frequency via cubic spline smoothing showed that the shorter genome could be used as a suitable internal spike-in for DNAs in the 200 bp to 10 kb range, allowing meaningful QC to be carried out with AAV preparations.
Association between metabolic syndrome and uric acid: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Raya-Cano Elena , Vaquero-Abellán Manuel , Molina-Luque Rafael , De Pedro-Jiménez Domingo , Molina-Recio Guillermo , Romero-Saldaña Manuel
Published: November 2022

This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide the best evidence on the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and uric acid (UA) by determining the size of the effect of this biomarker on MetS. The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021231124). The search covered the PubMed and Scopus databases. Methodological quality was assessed with the STROBE tool, overall risk of bias with RevMan (Cochrane Collaboration) and quality of evidence with Grade Pro. Initially, 1582 articles were identified. Then, after excluding duplicates and reviewing titles and abstracts, 1529 articles were excluded from applying the eligibility criteria. We included 43 papers (56 groups) comparing UA concentrations between subjects 91,845 with MetS and 259,931 controls. Subjects with MetS had a higher mean UA of 0.57 mg/dl (95% CI 0.54–0.61) (p < 0.00001). Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, the researchers decided to perform subgroups analysis. Men with MetS have a higher UA concentration mg/dl 0.53 (95% CI 0.45–0.62, p < 0.00001) and women with MetS 0.57 (95% CI 0.48–0.66, p < 0.00001) compared to subjects without MetS. Assessment of UA concentration could provide a new avenue for early diagnosis of MetS, as a new biomarker and the possibility of new therapeutic targets.
Immune mobilising T cell receptors redirect polyclonal CD8+ T cells in chronic HIV infection to form immunological synapses
Authors: Wallace Zoë , Kopycinski Jakub , Yang Hongbing , McCully Michelle L. , Eggeling Christian , Chojnacki Jakub , Dorrell Lucy
Published: November 2022

T cell exhaustion develops in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to chronic viral antigenic stimulation. This adaptive response primarily affects virus-specific CD8+ T cells, which may remain dysfunctional despite viral load-reducing antiretroviral therapy; however, abnormalities may also be evident in non-HIV-specific populations. Both could limit the efficacy of cell therapies against viral reservoirs. Here, we show that bulk (polyclonal) CD8+ T cells from people living with HIV (PLWH) express proposed markers of dysfunctional HIV-specific T cells at high levels yet form lytic immunological synapses (IS) and eliminate primary resting infected (HIV Gaglo) CD4+ T cells, when redirected by potent bispecific T cell-retargeting molecules, Immune mobilising monoclonal T cell receptors (TCR) Against Virus (ImmTAV). While PLWH CD8+ T cells are functionally impaired when compared to CD8+ T cells from HIV-naïve donors, ImmTAV redirection enables them to eliminate Gaglo CD4+ T cells that are insensitive to autologous HIV-specific cytolytic T cells. ImmTAV molecules may therefore be able to target HIV reservoirs, which represent a major barrier to a cure.
Quantitative analysis of choroidal vasculature in central serous chorioretinopathy using ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Zeng Qiaozhu , Yao Yuou , Tu Shu , Zhao Mingwei
Published: November 2022

We aimed to quantitatively compare the choroid blood flow and choroid thickness at the periphery among eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), fellow eyes and healthy eyes using ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF SS-OCTA). Retrospective analysis of 49 patients with CSC (98 eyes, including unaffected fellow eyes) and 49 age and sex matched controls were included. We obtained 3-dimensional data of vertical 20 mm × horizontal 24 mm × scan depth 6 mm, comprising 9 subfields (superotemporal, upper, superonasal, temporal, central, nasal, inferotemporal, lower, inferonasal regions). CSC eyes presented with greater density of large-vessel choroidal layer in all the 9 subfields compared with controls. Compared with normal eyes, CSC eyes had greater choroidal thickness (superotemporal, upper, superonasal, temporal, central, nasal, inferotemporal, and inferonasal subfields) and choroidal volume (superotemporal, upper, superonasal, temporal, central, and nasal subfields). Compared with control eyes, the choriocapillaris density in the superotemporal, inferotemporal and inferonasal subfields was greater in patients with CSC. Our study may provide further evidence for the congestion of vortex vein in the pathogenesis of CSC. UWF SS-OCTA can be used to evaluate the abnormalities of the choroidal structures even at the periphery in eyes with CSC.
Selective non-enzymatic uric acid sensing in the presence of dopamine: electropolymerized poly-pyrrole modified with a reduced graphene oxide/PEDOT:PSS composite
Authors: Putra Budi Riza , Nisa Ulfiatun , Heryanto Rudi , Khalil Munawar , Khoerunnisa Fitri , Ridhova Aga , Thaha Yudi Nugraha , Marken Frank , Wahyuni Wulan Tri
Published: November 2022

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with uric acid cavities increases the selectivity of uric acid measurement in the presence of dopamine as an interferent.
Barbier polymerization induced emission of cinnamaldehyde: a one-pot Grignard reaction?
Authors: Li De-Shan , Sheng Yu-Jing , Wu Liang-Tao , Chen Yu-Jiao , Xiao Hang , Sun Xiao-Li , Bao Hongli , Wan Wen-Ming
Published: November 2022

The Grignard reaction of cinnamaldehyde is demonstrated to give a 1,2-addition product, while the Barbier reaction of cinnamaldehyde yields a macromolecule with aggregation-induced emission type non-conjugated luminescence properties.
A DNA–Au nanomachine activated by dual types of biomarkers for multi-site imaging and gene silencing
Authors: Zhou Yanmei , Li Zhaoge , Wu Tian , Ning Juan , Hu Guizhen , Nie Yamin
Published: November 2022

A programmed DNA–Au nanomachine was constructed to achievein situimaging of the transmembrane glycoprotein MUC1 and cytoplasmic miRNA-21 and trigger precise gene silencing therapy for breast cancer.
Gauging the donor strength of iron(0) complexesviatheir N-heterocyclic carbene gold(i) adducts
Authors: Toh Zhi Hao , Tinnermann Hendrik , Do Dinh Cao Huan , Huynh Han Vinh , Krämer Tobias , Young Rowan D.
Published: November 2022

We isolate and characterize the gold(i)–iron(0) adducts [(iPr2-bimy)Au–Fe(CO)3(PMe3)2][BArF4] and [Au–{Fe(CO)3(PMe3)2}2][BArF4] (iPr2-bimy = 1,3-diisopropylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene, BArF4= tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate).
Photophysics of charge transfer cocrystals composed of fluorene and its heterocyclic analogues as donors and TCNQ as an acceptor
Authors: Liu Xiao-Xu , Shi Pan , Dai Xia-Lin , Huang Yong-Liang , Lu Tong-Bu , Chen Jia-Mei
Published: November 2022

Charge transfer cocrystals composed of fluorene and its heterocyclic analogues as electron donors and TCNQ as an acceptor exhibit totally different photophysics due to their different degrees of charge transfer.
Directional lateral crystallization of vacuum-deposited C8-BTBT thin films via liquid crystal phase by a seeded horizontal temperature gradient cooling technique
Authors: Tsujita Kanae , Maruyama Shingo , Shibata Yosesi , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Kaminaga Kenichi , Fujikake Hideo , Matsumoto Yuji
Published: November 2022

C8-BTBT thin films with large domain sizes were grown by vacuum deposition and subsequent post-annealing and cooling crystallization via liquid crystal phase with a constant horizontal temperature gradient.
Reactive spark plasma-assisted synthesis of metastable rare-earth ferrites with widely tunable charge ordering transfer properties
Authors: Cui Yuchen , Li Ziang , Li Haiyan , Bian Yi , Zhang Hao , Zhang Fang , Wang Jiaou , Jiang Yong , Chen Nuofu , Chen Jikun
Published: November 2022

Reactive spark plasma sintering enables the material synthesis of metastable ReFe2O4 (Re = Lu, Yb, Tm, Er) in coarse vacuum beyond the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Photo-ionization initiated differential ultrafast charge migration: impacts of molecular symmetries and tautomeric forms
Authors: Chordiya Kalyani , Despré Victor , Nagyillés Balázs , Zeller Felix , Diveki Zsolt , Kuleff Alexander I. , Kahaly Mousumi Upadhyay
Published: November 2022

Photo-ionization of a molecule can trigger ultrafast charge migration dynamics. Using uracil as an example, it is shown that this response depends on the tautomeric form, paving the way for an electron-correlation based molecular design.
Probing catalytic reduction on the surface of Au nanoparticles by second-harmonic generation and two-photon luminescence
Authors: Xue Shan , Chen Shun-Li , Yuan Qunhui , Gan Wei
Published: November 2022

UV-vis spectroscopy and SHG/TPL signals monitoring reveal the induction time in the catalytic reaction of 4-nitrothiophenol by NaBH4 on the surface of Au nanoparticles.
Efficient current rectification in driven acenes
Authors: Ganguly Sudin , Maiti Santanu K.
Published: November 2022

We examine the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of different polyacenes, such as anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, etc., under the influence of an arbitrarily polarized light.
Metallaaromaticity – a protean world
Authors: Cuyacot Ben Joseph R. , Badri Zahra , Ghosh Abhik , Foroutan-Nejad Cina
Published: November 2022

The nature of magnetically induced current density (MICD) of metallabenzenes and related compounds has been examined with relativistic DFT calculations to assess the magnetic aromaticity of the molecules.
Efficient cationization of cotton fabric via oxidative pretreatment for salt-free reactive dyeing with low chemical consumption
Authors: Xia Jie , Zhang Chuang , Liu Xianxi , He Jinxin , Dong Xia
Published: November 2022

After the selective oxidation pretreatment of cotton fabric before cationic modification, it shows excellent dyeing effect in salt-free dyeing with reactive dyes and greatly reduces the consumption of chemicals.
High-sensitivity analysis of mercury in medicinal herbs using nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with argon purging
Authors: Wang Yuanhang , Bu Yang , Cai Yachao , Wang Xiangzhao
Published: November 2022

In this work, nanoparticle-enhanced LIBS combined with argon purging was used to improve the analytical sensitivity of Hg in medicinal herbs.
Synthesis of a functionalized carbon supported platinum–iridium nanoparticle catalyst by the rapid chemical reduction method for the anodic reaction of direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Bekmezci Muhammed , Subasi Deniz Belkıs , Bayat Ramazan , Akin Merve , Coguplugil Zeynep Kazel , Sen Fatih
Published: November 2022

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) stand out among the most common technologies in energy storage and are environmentally friendly energy converters that convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
Towards degradable polyethylene: end-functionalised polyethylene (PE-X) and PE-I/LDPE blends from iron-catalysed chain growth of ZnEt2 with ethylene
Authors: von Goetze Richard , Aljaber Ahmad , Lee Koon-Yang , Hill Gavin , Wallis Christopher , Britovsek George J. P.
Published: November 2022

The use of iron-catalysed chain growth of ZnEt2 enables the synthesis of end-functionalised polyethylenes such as PE-I, which can be blended homogeneously into LDPE to affect the polymer degradability.
Stretchable and conformable variable stiffness device through an electrorheological fluid
Authors: Pan Yiyi , Liu Xin-Jun , Zhao Huichan
Published: November 2022

A thin, fully-soft, and stretchable variable stiffness device through electrorheological fluid was proposed, which could conform to complex surfaces in its inactive state, hang on it in its active state, and detach when the electric field is removed.
A paradigm for systematic screening and evaluation of artificial solid-electrolyte interfaces for lithium metal anodes: a computational study of binary selenides
Authors: Xiao Wenshan , Wu Mingwei , Wang Huan , He Qiu , Zhao Yan
Published: November 2022

A paradigm for extensive screening and precise evaluation of artificial SEI materials for lithium metal anodes was proposed and used to explore binary selenides, and YbSe was found to have great potential for artificial SEI application.
A humidity-enhanced silicon-based semiconductor tribovoltaic direct-current nanogenerator
Authors: Wang Zhaozheng , Gong Likun , Dong Sicheng , Fan Beibei , Feng Yuan , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Chi
Published: November 2022

A humidity-enhanced tribovoltaic nanogenerator achieves a milestone of charge density, which is 4 times that of the previously reported triboelectric nanogenerator in high-humidity environments.
Aggressive Lymphome (DLBCL, MCL) – was ist neu?
Authors: Silkenstedt Elisabeth , Dreyling Martin
Published: November 2022

Was ist neu?

DLBCL. Biologie Der kürzlich publizierte „LymphGen-Algorithmus“ differenziert 7 genetische Subtypen, die sich in der Aktivierung onkogener Signalwege, im Genexpressionsmuster, im Tumormikromilieu, der Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit und potenzieller zielgerichteter Therapien unterscheiden.

Erstlinientherapie Der Einsatz des neuen Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugats Polatuzumab-Vedotin (6 Zyklen der Kombination aus Polatuzumab + R-CHP) waren der bisherigen Erstlinien-Standardtherapie mit R-CHOP hinsichtlich 2-Jahres-PFS überlegen. Subgruppenanalysen wiesen vor allem auf eine Wirksamkeit bei Patienten mit Hochrisikofaktoren hin.

Rezidivtherapie Seit Kurzem steht mit dem gegen den CD19 gerichteten Antikörper Tafasitamab in Kombination mit dem Immunmodulator Lenalidomid eine wirksame Rezidivtherapie für jene Patientengruppe zur Verfügung, die für eine Hochdosistherapie nicht geeignet ist. In 2 Phase-III-Studien wurde kürzlich bereits im 1. Rezidiv eine Überlegenheit von CAR-T-Zellen gegenüber dem bisherigen Standard der Hochdosistherapie, gefolgt von aPBSCT, gezeigt. Mit den bispezifischen, T-Zell-rekrutierenden CD3 / CD20-Antikörpern Mosunetuzumab, Epcoritamab und Glofitamab sind derzeit weitere vielversprechende immuntherapeutische Ansätze Gegenstand aktueller Phase I/II-Studien.

MCL. Biologie Trotz der weiteren Entschlüsselung des genetischen Hintergrunds des MCL ist weiterhin nur für TP53 eine klinische Relevanz nachgewiesen.

Erstlinientherapie In der Ära der zielgerichteten Therapiestrategien wird derzeit die Bedeutung des BTK-Inhibitors Ibrutinib für die Erstlinien- und Erhaltungstherapie des MCL evaluiert. Für ältere Patienten erwies sich kürzlich die Kombination des Proteasom-Inhibitors Bortezomib, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamid, Doxorubicin und Prednisolon (VR-CAP) der bisherigen Standardtherapie mit R-CHOP überlegen. Für ältere Patienten, die für intensivere Therapieregime nicht geeignet sind, führte die Erweiterung des klassischen Regimes Rituximab + Bendamustin um Ibrutinib zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung des PFS.

Rezidivtherapie Für das rezidivierte/refraktäre MCL wurden neben dem seit Jahren zugelassenen Ibrutinib kürzlich auch die beiden Next-Generation-BTK-Inhibitoren Acalabrutinib and Zanubrutinib zugelassen. Der bcl1-Inhibitor Venetoclax bietet für Hochrisikopatienten, die nach vorangegangener Therapie mit Ibrutinib ein Rezidiv erlitten, eine vielversprechende Behandlungsmöglichkeit. Bezüglich immuntherapeutischer Therapieansätze erfolgte kürzlich die Zulassung des CD19-CAR-T-Zell-Konstrukts Brexucabtagene autoleucel ab dem 2. Rezidiv.
Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Schmitt Volker H. , Keller Karsten , Espinola-Klein Christine
Published: November 2022

Was ist neu?

Morbidität und Mortalität. Patienten mit peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) und Diabetes mellitus stellen eine vulnerable Patientengruppe dar. Sie weisen im Vergleich zu pAVK-Patienten ohne Diabetes eine erhöhte Morbidität und eine gesteigerte Mortalität auf.

Diabetes mellitus – ein relevanter Risikofaktor für Amputationen. Das Vorliegen eines Diabetes mellitus stellt bei Menschen mit einer pAVK ein erhebliches Risiko für eine Amputation dar. Die Inzidenz von Major-Amputationen bei Diabetikern ist nach einer aktuellen Studie 10-mal und von Minor-Amputationen 15-mal höher als bei Nichtdiabetikern. Eine Amputation bei Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus hat zudem einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Morbidität und Mortalität.

Optimierung der Patientenversorgung notwendig. Trotz großer Anstrengungen im Gesundheitssystem repräsentiert der Diabetes mellitus weiterhin einen bedeutenden Risikofaktor, auch bei Menschen mit pAVK. Unabhängig vom Vorliegen eines Diabetes mellitus wird eine pAVK wiederum bei betroffenen Menschen oftmals nicht erkannt oder nicht adäquat therapiert. Nur wenige Menschen mit pAVK werden gefäßmedizinisch betreut. Zur Reduktion von Morbidität und Mortalität sind Prävention, frühzeitige Detektion sowie eine optimale Therapie von pAVK und Diabetes mellitus allerdings essenziell.
Behandlungsstrategien bei diabetischer Nephropathie – Update 2022
Authors: Schork Anja , Artunc Ferruh
Published: November 2022

„Was ist neu?“

Behandlungsziele bei diabetischer Nephropathie: Eine neue Einteilung von Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus in sog. Cluster kann zur Risikoeinschätzung der Entwicklung einer diabetischen Nephropathie herangezogen werden. Die Behandlung von Patienten mit diabetischer Nephropathie umfasst längst nicht mehr die reine Blutzuckerkontrolle, sondern stellt einen gesamtheitlichen Ansatz der (Progressions-) Vermeidung diabetischer Folgekomplikationen und Senkung der kardiovaskulären Mortalität des Patienten in den Mittelpunkt.

Säulen der Behandlung bei diabetischer Nephropathie: Um diese Behandlungsziele zu erreichen, benötigt es eine umfassende Betreuung des Patienten zur Umsetzung von Lebensstil-Interventionen (hinsichtlich Ernährung, körperlicher Aktivität, Gewichtsabnahme, Raucherentwöhnung) und Auswahl der medikamentösen Therapie mit dem größtmöglichen individuellen Nutzen.

Ernährungsempfehlungen bei diabetischer Nephropathie: Teil der Lebensstil-Intervention ist die Einhaltung einer Ernährungsform, die sich in aktuellen Studien erneut als relevanter Bestandteil der Progressionshemmung der chronischen Nierenerkrankung und der Senkung des kardiovaskulären Risikos erwiesen hat. Dazu gehören insbesondere eine Proteinrestriktion mit Bevorzugung pflanzlicher Proteinquellen und eine Kochsalzrestriktion.

Einsatz von medikamentösen Substanzen mit nachgewiesenem kardiorenalem Nutzen: Die Anpassung einer medikamentösen Therapie erfolgt nicht mehr nur anhand der antihyperglykämischen Effekte, sondern berücksichtigt die Progressionshemmung der Nephropathie und das kardiale Risiko sowie die Unterstützung einer Gewichtsreduktion. Hierzu stehen zusätzlich zu den RAAS-Inhibitoren aus dem Bereich der Antihypertensiva nun die Antidiabetika-Klassen der SGLT2-Inhibitoren und GLP-1-Rezeptor-Agonisten sowie der nicht steroidale Aldosteron-Antagonist Finerenon zur Verfügung.
A Case of Right Subclavian Artery Agenesis
Authors: Gooding Rose C. , Hines George L.
Published: November 2022

The authors present a 12-year-old male with an asymptomatic absence of the proximal right subclavian artery. On physical examination, his right brachial, radial, and ulnar pulses were diminished compared with the left side. Computed tomographic angiography revealed that the right subclavian artery was supplied from the anterior right internal mammary artery. A description of the acquired and congenital aortic arch anomalies and thoracic outlet syndrome differential diagnoses is provided.
Retrograde Type A Aortic Dissection 48 Hours after TEVAR in a Patient with a Delayed Diagnosis of Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Diebels Ian , Hendriks Jeroen M.H. , Durnez Joke , Paelinck Bernard P. , El Addouli Haroun , Laga Steven , Loeys Bart L.
Published: November 2022

We report a case of a fatal retrograde Type A aortic dissection following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The patient was diagnosed with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) only postoperatively, which is a relative contraindication for TEVAR. The patient had no major or minor criteria for vEDS. This case report emphasizes pitfalls of TEVAR in patients with a connective tissue disorder.
Unravelling the Imaging Conundrum of Rabies
Authors: Ramakrishnan Banupriya , Sivaramalingam Geethapriya , Raghavan Bagyam , Govindaraj Jayaraj
Published: November 2022

Rabies is a major disease burden worldwide, especially in Asia. Approximately, 59,000 human deaths per year occurs in over 150 countries due to rabies, with Africa and Asia contributing 95% of cases. It is a fatal infection of central nervous system (CNS) caused by rabies RNA virus via transmission through bite of an infected animal, aerosols, open wound, or organ transplantation. Magnetic resonance imaging helps in early detection of involvement of CNS and to differentiate rabies encephalitis from other conditions like Guillain-Barre syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and other viral encephalitis.
Viscoelastic Management of Coagulopathy during the Perioperative Period of Liver Transplantation
Authors: Stewart Erin , Nydam Trevor L. , Hendrickse Adrian , Pomposelli James J. , Pomfret Elizabeth A. , Moore Hunter B.
Published: November 2022

Viscoelastic testing (VET) in liver transplantation (LT) has been used since its origin, in combination with standard laboratory testing (SLT). There are only a few, small, randomized controlled trials that demonstrated a reduction in transfusion rates using VET to guide coagulation management. Retrospective analyses contrasting VET to SLT have demonstrated mixed results, with a recent concern for overtreatment and the increase in postoperative thrombotic events. An oversight of many studies evaluating VET in LT is a single protocol that does not address the different phases of surgery, in addition to pre- and postoperative management. Furthermore, the coagulation spectrum of patients entering and exiting the operating room is diverse, as these patients can have varying anatomic and physiologic risk factors for thrombosis. A single transfusion strategy for all is short sighted. VET in combination with SLT creates the opportunity for personalized resuscitation in surgery which can address the many challenges in LT where patients are at a paradoxical risk for both life-threatening bleeding and clotting. With emerging data on the role of rebalanced coagulation in cirrhosis and hypercoagulability following LT, there are numerous potential roles in VET management of LT that have been unaddressed.
The uniform measure for quantum walk on hypercube: A quantum Bernoulli noises approach
Authors: Wang Ce
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we present a quantum Bernoulli noises approach to quantum walks on hypercubes. We first obtain an alternative description of a general hypercube, and then, based on the alternative description, we find that the operators ∂k*+∂k behave actually as the shift operators, where ∂k and ∂k* are the annihilation and creation operators acting on Bernoulli functionals, respectively. With the above-mentioned operators as the shift operators on the position space, we introduce a discrete-time quantum walk model on a general hypercube and obtain an explicit formula for calculating its probability distribution at any time. We also establish two limit theorems showing that the averaged probability distribution of the walk even converges to the uniform probability distribution. Finally, we show that the walk produces the uniform measure as its stationary measure on the hypercube provided its initial state satisfies some mild conditions. Some other results are also proven.
Near-zero-field magnetoresistance measurements: A simple method to track atomic-scale defects involved in metal-oxide-semiconductor device reliability
Authors: Moxim Stephen J. , Sharov Fedor V. , Hughart David R. , Haase Gaddi S. , McKay Colin G. , Frantz Elias B. , Lenhan Patrick M.
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate the ability of a relatively new analytical technique, near-zero-field magnetoresistance (NZFMR), to track atomic-scale phenomena involved in the high-field stressing damage of fully processed Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. We show that the technique is sensitive to both the Pb0 and Pb1 dangling bond centers and that the presence of both centers can be inferred through NZFMR via hyperfine interactions with the central 29Si atoms of the dangling bonds. The NZFMR results also provide evidence for the redistribution of mobile hydrogen atoms at the Si/SiO2 interface and also a potential change in the average dipolar coupling constant between electrons in neighboring defects. This work shows that NZFMR offers significant analytical power for studying technologically relevant semiconductor device reliability problems and has advantages in experimental simplicity over comparable techniques.
Monitoring of the heavy-ion beam distribution using poly- and monochromatic x-ray fluorescence imaging
Authors: Zähter Ş. , Rosmej O. N. , Beloiu P. , Bogdanov A. , Golubev A. , Gyrdymov M. , Jacoby J. , Kantsyrev A. , Loetzsch R. , Nicolai M. , Panyushkin V. , Skobliakov A. , Tavana P. M. , Uschmann I. , Zahn N. , Spielmann C.
Published: November 2022

In this work, the first proof of the principal of an in situ diagnostics of the heavy-ion beam intensity distribution in irradiation of solid targets is proposed. In this scheme, x-ray fluorescence that occurs in the interaction of heavy-ions with target atoms is used for imaging purposes. The x-ray conversion to optical radiation and a transport-system was developed, and its first test was performed in experiments at the Universal Linear Accelerator in Darmstadt, Germany. The Au-beam intensity distribution on thin foils and Cu-mesh targets was imaged using multiple x-ray pinholes (polychromatic imaging) and 2D monochromatic imaging of Cu Kα radiation by using a toroidally bent silicon crystal. The presented results are of importance for application in experiments on the investigation of the equation of states of high energy density matter using high intensity GeV/u heavy-ion beams of ≥1010 particles/100 ns.
Electrolytic flow in partially saturated charged micro-channels: Electrocapillarity vs electro-osmosis
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammed Abdul Qadeer , Sadeghinezhad Emad , Regenauer-Lieb Klaus , Roshan Hamid
Published: November 2022

Wettability is the main factor controlling the fluid flow in an electrically neutral partially saturated micro-channel. If the micro-channel body carries electric charges and is fully saturated by a conductive fluid, electro-osmosis is considered the driving force for fluid movement. The flow of electrolytes in an electrically charged partially saturated micro-channel, however, needs further attention where the electrocapillary and electro-osmosis can simultaneously exist. We, thus, investigated the movement of KCl electrolytes with different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 3 M) in a partially saturated (air-filled) and electrically charged micro-channel fabricated in a conductive substrate (aluminum) using micro-fluidics. We additionally studied the contact angle-based wettability alteration of an electrolyte/air/aluminum substrate system under an electric field. This allowed us to link the change in capillary forces due to the electricity-induced wettability alteration to micro-fluidic flow observations, i.e., a link between electro-osmosis and capillary forces. Our theoretical analysis revealed that at low concentration, the role of electro-osmosis and electrocapillarity on fluid flow in partially saturated charged micro-channel is relatively comparable. At 0.1 M KCl concentration, the change in wettability due to the applied electric field contributed to over 42% of the induced flow of the solution in the micro-channel. As the ionic concentration increases, the role of capillary pressure fades and electro-osmosis becomes the dominant process controlling the flow. At 3.0 M KCl concentration, electrocapillarity contributed only 23% to the induced flow under the applied electric field in the micro-channel. The results reveal the importance of electro-osmosis along with electrocapillary flow in partially saturated electrically charged micro-channels.
Multifunctional nanopore electrode array method for characterizing and manipulating single entities in attoliter-volume enclosures
Authors: Baek Seol , Cutri Allison R. , Han Donghoon , Kwon Seung-Ryong , Reitemeier Julius , Sundaresan Vignesh , Bohn Paul W.
Published: November 2022

Structurally regular nanopore arrays fabricated to contain independently controllable annular electrodes represent a new kind of architecture capable of electrochemically addressing small collections of matter—down to the single entity (molecule, particle, and biological cell) level. Furthermore, these nanopore electrode arrays (NEAs) can also be interrogated optically to achieve single entity spectroelectrochemistry. Larger entities such as nanoparticles and single bacterial cells are investigated by dark-field scattering and potential-controlled single-cell luminescence experiments, respectively, while NEA-confined molecules are probed by single molecule luminescence. By carrying out these experiments in arrays of identically constructed nanopores, massively parallel collections of single entities can be investigated simultaneously. The multilayer metal–insulator design of the NEAs enables highly efficient redox cycling experiments with large increases in analytical sensitivity for chemical sensing applications. NEAs may also be augmented with an additional orthogonally designed nanopore layer, such as a structured block copolymer, to achieve hierarchically organized multilayer structures with multiple stimulus-responsive transport control mechanisms. Finally, NEAs constructed with a transparent bottom layer permit optical access to the interior of the nanopore, which can result in the cutoff of far-field mode propagation, effectively trapping radiation in an ultrasmall volume inside the nanopore. The bottom metal layer may be used as both a working electrode and an optical cladding layer, thus, producing bifunctional electrochemical zero-mode waveguide architectures capable of carrying out spectroelectrochemical investigations down to the single molecule level.
Revealing the nanogeometry of WS2 nanoflowers by polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Komen Irina , van Heijst Sabrya E. , Caldarola Martin , Conesa-Boj Sonia , Kuipers L.
Published: November 2022

Recent studies of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have revealed exciting optical properties, such as stable excitons and chiral light–matter interactions. Chemical vapor deposition techniques provide a platform for the fabrication of nanostructures with diverse geometries, ranging from horizontal flakes to flower-like structures. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used to characterize TMDs and their properties. Here, we use polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy to probe the nanogeometry and orientation of WS2 nanoflower petals. Exciting the nanoflowers with linearly polarized light, we observe an enhanced Raman response from flower petals oriented along the excitation polarization direction. Furthermore, the helicity-resolved Raman response of vertically oriented wall-like flower petals exhibits clear differences with horizontally oriented flakes. Although the photoluminescence from the nanoflowers is strongly reduced, the Raman response upon excitation in resonance with the WS2 excitonic transition does reveal the presence of the exciton, which results in a distinct temperature dependence of the Raman response.
High-rate strength response of tantalum from dynamic hole closure experiments
Authors: Nelms Matthew , Lind Jonathan , Margraf Jonathan , Basim Qamar Sayyad , Herrington Joshua , Robinson Andrew , Kumar Mukul , Barton Nathan
Published: November 2022

The science and engineering communities have significant interest in experimental platforms to evaluate and improve models for dynamic material deformation. While well-developed platforms exist, there are still gaps to fill for strain and strain rate conditions accessed during impact and other high-rate loading scenarios. To fill one such gap for strength measurements, a platform was recently developed that accesses high strain rate (≥105/s) and large strain (≥50%) conditions by measuring the transient closure of a cylindrical hole using in situ x-ray imaging. In the work reported here, further refinement of the platform is performed to reduce the potential effects of porosity and anelasticity on the measurement. This helps us to isolate the strength effects that are the focus of the experiment. The updated experimental configuration employs a two-layer flyer design and elongated target to reduce the magnitude of the tensile excursions associated with rarefaction wave interactions. This allows for a more direct assessment of strength models commonly used for dynamic simulations of metals. We apply the new technique to well-characterized tantalum material, allowing for a robust connection to other experimental techniques. Deformation localization can be a concern in large strain experiments, and to help inform future use of the experimental platform, we use simulations with a sub-zone treatment of shear banding to explore potential localization behavior. Overall, we develop and utilize an experimental configuration with improved isolation of strength effects that can be applied to an expanded range of materials.
Circuit-QED based time-averaged dispersive readout of a semiconductor charge qubit
Authors: Lin Ting , Gu Si-Si , Xu Yong-Qiang , Jiang Shun-Li , Wang Ning , Wang Bao-Chuan , Li Hai-Ou , Cao Gang , Guo Guo-Ping
Published: November 2022

Maturing hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics architectures composed of semiconductor quantum dots and on-chip microwave resonators promise an effective approach for quantum nondemolition readouts in semiconductor systems. Here, we study quantum coherence in a semiconductor charge qubit coupled with a high-impedance resonator. The qubit is controlled by a periodic pulse sequence, and a dispersive measurement is performed by measuring the time-averaged resonator response. From the Rabi oscillation and Ramsey fringe measurements, the coherence time of the charge qubit is determined as T2, Rabi ≈2.7 ns and T2, Ramsey ≈3.5 ns. Compared with the time-resolved (pulsed) measurement, this time-averaged dispersive measurement process eliminates the limitation caused by the resonator response time, enabling a high repetition rate of the pulse sequence in the experiments.