bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SECUELAS Y CONSECUENCIAS DE LA ESTANCIA EN LA UNIDAD DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS, UNA MIRADA DESDE LA FONOAUDIOLOGÍA
Authors: MORENO PÉREZ LISBEY
Published: November 2024

Las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) como se reconocerán a lo largo de este escrito, son áreas especializadas para el cuidado de pacientes en estado crítico, con alto riesgo de presentar complicaciones que pueden causar deterioro de la enfermedad e incluso la muerte. Estas unidades están conformadas por un equipo multidisciplinario de especialistas para asegurar la atención de calidad acorde a las necesidades de las personas que padecen patologías graves, brindando la posibilidad de favorecer el pronóstico. Sin embargo, la estancia prolongada en la UCI puede ocasionar complicaciones o, en su defecto, dejar futuras secuelas (alteración que permanece en el tiempo tras la consecuencia de una enfermedad, traumatismo, etc.) (Cardinal et al., 2020), las cuales pueden alterar el proceso comunicativo y deglutorio de los usuarios y por ende requerir de la atención fonoaudiológica, con el fin de minimizar efectos secundarios y disminuir la estancia prolongada del paciente crítico dentro de la unidad.
PROGRESO DE LOS ACUERDOS ECONÓMICOS REGIONALES, BILATERALES Y MULTILATERALES
Authors: CASTRO RICO MARÍA ALEXANDRA
Published: November 2024

Desde el siglo pasado los acuerdos económicos se han convertido en un eje fundamental en las políticas internas de los países alrededor del mundo. Los acuerdos comerciales son aquellos tratados de libre comercio por medio del cual los países que conforman dicho acuerdo determinan zonas libres de aranceles y barreras a la comercialización de bienes y servicios procedentes del exterior. Los acuerdos comerciales están dados regionales, bilaterales y multilaterales. Además, gracias a los tratados se logra fomentar la competitividad de las empresas, la especialización, la innovación y la creación de nuevos servicios e industrias en el país.
LA IMPORTANCIA DEL PENSAMIENTO CREATIVO EN EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Authors: Ferreira Cristancho Taddy
Published: November 2024

El presente siglo XXI trajo consigo una mayor movilidad de la información a través de dispositivos móviles e innovaciones digitales generando ventajas y oportunidades de desarrollo no solo en el sector económico, sino también cultural, social, político y educativo, sin embargo conlleva a formar individuos ensimismados en un mundo digital con aislamiento en su núcleo más cercano como la familia y cada día más alejados del contexto real en que se desarrolla su vida cotidiana, a nivel personal, social y en su rol en comunidades académicas o laborales.
PREDICTORES, INDICES Y PRUEBAS DE EXTUBACIÓN EXITOSA UTILIZADAS EN LAS UNIDADES DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS
Authors: Cáceres Cortes Ana Patricia
Published: November 2024

El proceso de destete y extubación es considerado la liberación de soporte ventilatorio y del tubo endotraqueal, para pacientes que reciben ventilación mecánica invasiva.
LA INNOVACIÓN CÓMO ELEMENTO DE TRANSFORMACIÓN
Authors: Velásquez Silva Betty Astrid
Published: November 2024

En el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, existen muchas estrategias para favorecer la generación de competencias; una de ellas es la innovación educativa (Palacios, 2021). Sin embargo, a lo largo de los años, con los avances y estudios realizados se ha evidenciado que, si bien es una estrategia fundamental, solo se ha desarrollado en un sentido (Palacios, 2021). De allí, la necesidad y la importancia que el docente se involucre como ente activo en la innovación desde la perspectiva de aprender a enseñar (Marrinan) 2015, como se citó en Palacios, 2021). Esto significaría ver este proceso como una relación dialéctica y no cómo dos elementos diferentes; para ello es necesario ver la innovación educativa como un modelo y/o estrategia en donde estos dos “polos” se unen para co-crear (Pere, 2016).
SABER PEDAGÓGICO EN LA EDUCACIÓN RURAL Y SU APORTE A LA EDUCACIÓN ESPECIAL COMO CAMPO DE ESTUDIO
Authors: Barrera Deyci Magalli
Published: November 2024

Esta propuesta se desarrolla en el marco del semillero de investigación SCAPHU, vincula sus intereses intrínsecos y extrínsecos en las prácticas pedagógicas que surgen en la educación rural, tomando como base el ambiente intercultural que caracteriza nuestro país; desde las propuestas propias y situadas con caracterización de contextos y territorios de carácter sociocultural donde la escuela sea un puente para avanzar en el crecer en armonía y aportar a la educación rural.
Por ello se trabajará con muestras documentales de los últimos 10 años situados en diferentes regiones de Colombia con el fin de evidenciar desde un análisis interpretativo sus aportes en diferentes categorías al saber pedagógico del educador especial.
LA PERCEPCIÓN SOCIAL HACIA LOS VICTIMARIOS: ¿UNA VISIÓN CON ESTIGMA?
Authors: Izquierdo Marín Liliana Marcela
Published: November 2024

La estigmatización hacia los victimarios se remonta según Goffman (1963, citado por Román, 2008) a la época de los sabios griegos, los cuales, mediante la aplicación de marcas en el cuerpo de personas inmorales como los criminales, los excluían de la sociedad, pues se sabía que quien poseyera alguna marca debía ser evitado. El estigma es algo propio de la sociedad frente a los victimarios, pues para la sociedad estas personas son indeseables, no deberían siquiera existir y los motivos de su actuar no son válidos por el daño que han llegado a causar.
TRAZANDO CAMINOS HACIA LA INCLUSIÓN: EXPERIENCIAS EDUCATIVAS EN LA RURALIDAD DE VILLAPINZÓN, CUNDINAMARCA COLOMBIA
Authors: González Beltrán Yenny Paola
Published: November 2024

En el municipio de Villapinzón, en el corazón de Cundinamarca se presenta un desafío palpitante para los docentes de la zona, y es el de poner en práctica las habilidades y conocimientos necesarios para brindar una educación inclusiva a los niños y niñas de la zona. Es así que este articulo recoge las experiencias de un grupo de educadores rurales donde se evidencias los aciertos, desaciertos y retos que enfrenta en su quehacer pedagógico, sus vivencias que se hallan atizadas por dificultades propias de vivir en la ruralidad.
LA INVESTIGACIÓN ACCIÓN UNA APUESTA PARA CONSTRUIR SABER PEDAGÓGICO
Authors: Cuineme Rodríguez Mónica
Published: November 2024

El presente texto retoma algunos elementos abordados dentro del semillero kipuy en el marco de seminario itinerante de 2024, el cual hace parte de las estrategias de visibilización de los procesos de investigación que se desarrollan al interior de los semilleros de la facultad de educación de la IBERO. En este sentido, la temática que se propone es la Investigación Acción, ya que está se ha constituido como fuente de construcción de saber pedagógico que parte del ejercicio de reflexión colectiva dentro la comunidad.
Spray coverage and deposits from a remotely piloted aerial application system using various nozzle types
Authors: Butts Thomas R. , Fritz Bradley K. , Davis Jason A. , Spurlock Terry N.
Published: November 2024

Remotely piloted aerial application systems (RPAAS) are exponentially increasing globally for pesticide applications. Evaluations of spray coverage, deposits, and droplet size, when implementing various application parameters, are needed to optimize these applications. A RPAAS at 46.8 L ha-1 provided similar or greater coverage and deposits to ground equipment at 93.5 L ha-1 across nozzle types evaluated excluding the XR. The RPAAS at 18.7 L ha-1 had reduced coverage (<9% total coverage) and deposits (<350 total deposits cm-2) regardless of nozzle type evaluated compared to the other two application setups. The top and back WSP locations had considerably greater coverage and deposits than the front WSP location likely due to wind speed and direction being more important drivers for spray dynamics than direction of sprayer travel. Generally, nozzle selection was less critical for coverage and deposits from RPAAS at 18.7 L ha-1. The AITTJ60, AIXR, and TADF nozzle types may be optimum options for RPAAS, particularly at 46.8 L ha-1, as they improved coverage, deposits, and estimated recovery rate while producing the greatest droplet size, thereby reducing spray drift potential. Results of this research demonstrated coverage, deposits, and droplet size from RPAAS at 46.8 L ha-1 can be equivalent to ground spray equipment at 93.5 L ha-1 across a range of nozzle types and therefore, may be viable for effective pesticide applications. Applications using RPAAS at 18.7 L ha-1 resulted in considerably less coverage and deposits across nozzle types evaluated, and would be at risk for reduced pesticide efficacy.
A meta-analytical approach for estimating methane suppression from dietary additives in ruminants
Authors: Shephard Richard , Whittem Ted , Macdonald Ainslie , Hepworth Graham , Eckard Richard
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Methane production inhibitors included in feed additives are increasingly used to suppress methane production in the rumen. Most products interact with the rumen microbiome and/or component biochemical pathways that scavenge free hydrogen ions (H+) to make methane (CH4 ). The capacity of these agents to inhibit rumen methane production is determined by the ability of the chemical to block methane production pathways, the amount of agent delivered to the rumen (i.e. the dose) and the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (i.e. the pharmacokinetic) characteristics of the chemical that contribute to removal from the site of action (the rumen). The intrinsic inhibitory capacity of an agent determines the maximum rate of methane suppression. This maximal rate may reduce according to pharmacokinetic effects arising from dose rate and frequency. Most studies of additive methane reduction efficacy use total mixed ration (TMR; with the additive included into the ration) feeding systems and estimate methane reduction (absolute or relative) across a 24-hour period. Few studies report critical pharmacokinetic parameters, making it difficult to extrapolate findings into non-TMR systems (such as grazing) where differing doses and dose frequencies apply.

Methods

We consider the likely behaviour of a rumen-acting oral additive to reduce methane production applying basic pharmacokinetic principles to propose an analytical approach to data from multiple field studies employing different dose rates and dose frequencies to estimate methane suppression responses. This is based upon a logistic transformation of relative efficacy (percentage reduction in methane comparing treatment with control groups) as the dependent variable and includes total dose, dose frequency, quadratic and interaction terms between total dose and dose frequency as independent variables that potentially capture any pharmacokinetic effects on performance. The model was tested using simulation and verified against real data (cattle 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) methane-reduction studies).

Results

Good fit between predicted and observed methane suppression was obtained.

Discussion

We propose use of the general form of this logistic model with dose and dose frequency components included that address basic pharmacological impacts on methane suppression as the standard approach to meta-analysis.
Long-term follow-up of thumb reconstruction with a heterotopic replanted finger: case report and literature review
Authors: Ma Zhihu , Zhang Xingsheng , Wang Gang , Zhu Lei , Pei Yantao , Sun Yuliang , Liu Ben
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This work aimed to study the long-term outcome and function of a heterotopic replanted finger.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of two cases of successful finger reconstruction after finger heterotopic replantation. One case was a severed thumb, and the other case was a severed finger. The average follow-up time was 10 years. The clinical outcome and function of the heterotopic replanted finger, including range of motion, grip strength, and sensory recovery, were analyzed,. A comparative analysis was conducted with patients who underwent thumb replantation in the same period.

Results

The two heterotopically replanted fingers survived. Five months after the heterotopic replantation surgery, a new thumb was reconstructed using the heterotopically replanted thumb and the free tarsometatarsal joint from the foot. In the other case, the finger was reconstructed 1 year later with a free anterolateral thigh flap and the heterotopically replanted finger. The movement of the thumb, the pinching of the fingers, the clenching of the fist, and the feeling recovery were all good. The patient was capable of independently performing daily life and work activities such as eating, dressing, writing, and so on. There was no significant difference in hand function between the patients who received in situ finger replantation and heterotopic replantation during the same period.

Conclusion

For severed fingers that cannot be replanted in situ in an emergency situation, heterotopic replantation and secondary reconstruction may be a feasible and practical surgical method.
Epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk: the scriptwriter of craniofacial morphogenesis
Authors: Lu Junjie , Peng Bo , Wang Wenyi , Zou Yi
Published: November 2024

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (EMI) are fundamental mechanisms in regulating development and organogenesis. Here we summarized the signaling mechanisms involved in EMI in the major developmental events during craniofacial morphogenesis, including neural crest cell induction, facial primordial growth as well as fusion processes. Regional specificity/polarity are demonstrated in the expression of most signaling molecules that usually act in a mutually synergistic/antagonistic manner. The underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis due to disrupted EMI was also discussed in this review.
Association between genetic clades and cancer prevalence suggested by French-wide study of oncogenic small ruminant β-retrovirus diversity
Authors: Riocreux-Verney Benjamin , Verneret Marie , Diesler Rémi , Dolmazon Christine , Gineys Barbara , Cadoré Jean-Luc , Turpin Jocelyn , Leroux Caroline
Published: November 2024

Introduction

ENTV (Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus) and JSRV (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus) are β-retroviruses responsible for respiratory cancers in sheep and goats. In this study, we analyzed the genetic features of the sheep and goat β-Retroviruses (29 JSRV and 24 ENTV strains) circulating in France to identify molecular signatures associated with disease severity in flocks.

Methods

We developed a highly specific PCR to amplify and sequence exogenous targeted regions or near full length proviruses based on limited discriminating motifs along their genomes.

Results

The phylogenetic reconstructions based on the Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) and env regions suggest that one major strain is circulating on the French territory for ENTV-1 and ENTV-2 while not clustering with already published Spanish, Canadian or Chinese strains. JSRV strains circulating in French sheep flocks were distributed in 2 distinct genetic clades clustering with sequences originating from North America, Africa and United-Kingdom. JSRV clade I was found to be associated with a higher incidence of cancer in French flocks. Specific motifs spanning the entire JSRV genome particularly in the LTRs and in the intracytoplasmic domain of the envelope were detected between the two genetic subtypes.

Discussion

This work represents the first nationwide study describing the circulation of the three closely related β-oncogenic retroviruses JSRV, ENTV-1 and ENTV-2 in French sheep and goat flocks. Better characterization of strain genetics is a critical step in monitoring circulating - retroviruses, especially those associated with higher cancer incidence in small ruminants.
Lookers and listeners on the autism spectrum: the roles of gaze duration and pitch height in inferring mental states
Authors: Zimmermann Juliane T. , Ellison T. Mark , Cangemi Francesco , Wehrle Simon , Vogeley Kai , Grice Martine
Published: November 2024

Although mentalizing abilities in autistic adults without intelligence deficits are similar to those of control participants in tasks relying on verbal information, they are dissimilar in tasks relying on non-verbal information. The current study aims to investigate mentalizing behavior in autism in a paradigm involving two important nonverbal means to communicate mental states: eye gaze and speech intonation. In an eye-tracking experiment, participants with ASD and a control group watched videos showing a virtual character gazing at objects while an utterance was presented auditorily. We varied the virtual character’s gaze duration toward the object (600 or 1800 ms) and the height of the pitch peak on the accented syllable of the word denoting the object. Pitch height on the accented syllable was varied by 45 Hz, leading to high or low prosodic emphasis. Participants were asked to rate the importance of the given object for the virtual character. At the end of the experiment, we assessed how well participants recognized the objects they were presented with in a recognition task. Both longer gaze duration and higher pitch height increased the importance ratings of the object for the virtual character overall. Compared to the control group, ratings of the autistic group were lower for short gaze, but higher when gaze was long but pitch was low. Regardless of an ASD diagnosis, participants clustered into three behaviorally different subgroups, representing individuals whose ratings were influenced (1) predominantly by gaze duration, (2) predominantly by pitch height, or (3) by neither, accordingly labelled “Lookers,” “Listeners” and “Neithers” in our study. “Lookers” spent more time fixating the virtual character’s eye region than “Listeners,” while both “Listeners” and “Neithers” spent more time fixating the object than “Lookers.” Object recognition was independent of the virtual character’s gaze duration towards the object and pitch height. It was also independent of an ASD diagnosis. Our results show that gaze duration and intonation are effectively used by autistic persons for inferring the importance of an object for a virtual character. Notably, compared to the control group, autistic participants were influenced more strongly by gaze duration than by pitch height.
Predictive value of percutaneous peripheral arterial compliance T in left ventricular diastolic function with coronary artery disease
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Liang Guoliang , Lv Liang , Gu Xinxin , Zhang Qiong , Liu Ankang , Ma Jiangwei
Published: November 2024

Background

Diastolic dysfunction emerges early in patients with cardiac insufficiency and is prevalent, underscoring the importance of its early identification and intervention in the prevention of heart failure. The study leverages the convenience and accuracy of measuring peripheral arterial sclerosis to facilitate the early detection of diastolic dysfunction, which is instrumental in mitigating and delaying the onset and progression of heart failure, holding significant clinical relevance.

Methods

This research enrolled 556 patients suspected of experiencing Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and stratified them into Groups A, B, C, and D according to the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The diastolic function of the left ventricle was indicated by the relaxation time constant, denoted as T value, which measures the temporal span from the peak rate of left ventricular pressure rise (dp/dt) to the end-diastolic pressure.

Results

The T value of the left ventricle demonstrated a significant correlation with the Gensini Score and the T values across various peripheral arteries (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the average value of peripheral arterial compliance indices in Group C and the average value of peripheral arterial compliance indices in Group D had a significant correlation with LV-T. At the same time, linear analysis of the average values of peripheral arterial compliance indices in both groups revealed that the average compliance indices in Groups C and D had a linear correlation with their LV-T (P < 0.05).When coronary artery stenosis exceeds 50%, the changes in peripheral arterial T values are significantly correlated with changes in LV-T.

Conclusions

When coronary artery stenosis exceeds 50%, there is a decrease in peripheral artery compliance, showing a positive correlation with changes in left ventricular diastolic function. Measuring this compliance might offer an early diagnostic tool for assessing diastolic function.
English textbook evaluation: a Saudi EFL teacher’s perspective
Authors: Alshumaimeri Yousif , Alharbi Turki
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Textbook evaluation plays a crucial role in enhancing language education by ensuring instructional materials meet learners’ needs. Hence, this study examines the “Mega Goal” textbook series used in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education through the evaluation of 773 male EFL teachers selected from Saudi Arabia’s secondary schools.

Methods

A quantitative approach was adopted using a descriptive survey. A structured questionnaire collected via Google Forms was employed to obtain the teachers’ assessment of the series. The resultant data were systematically analyzed employing descriptive statistics to present the teachers’ perspectives across multiple domains. The dataset explored practical factors, language content, layout and structure, language abilities, tasks and exercises, and cultural elements. Techniques like Kruskal-Wallis tests were also used to examine differences in evaluations according to teachers’ qualifications, experience, and region.

Results

Findings indicated that the series’ external aspects such as structure and arrangement garnered positive reviews, with sufficient scores given to pragmatic factors. Internally, the series exhibited proficiency in its linguistic components due to the use of authentic language, though some teachers reported issues with the provided grammatical content. The textbook’s language capabilities received a fair rating, and the “practices and ventures” domain exhibited strong positive feedback. The cultural elements, while deemed favorable, were recommended to be depicted more realistically. Overall evaluation insinuated that the textbook has evident usability and generalizability with opportunities for improvement in adaptability and flexibility.

Discussion

Key findings suggest a need for greater interactivity and appropriate activities for differing student proficiency levels to stimulate higher cognitive skills and accommodate various learning capabilities. Consequently, this study offers significant insights into the effectiveness of the “Mega Goal” series and provides valuable information for future textbook evaluations, ultimately promoting continuous improvement in English language instruction in Saudi secondary schools.
Association between thyroid hormones and cognitive functioning in euthyroid elderly adults: a cross-sectional preliminary study from the NHANES 2011–2012 survey
Authors: Xv Bingbing , Wu Peiyun , Li Ping , Chen Wanling , Rao Xiangzhi , Lu Boqi , Lin Cheng , Wang Zhizhuo
Published: November 2024

Objective

Changes in serum thyroid hormone levels may affect cognitive functioning in euthyroid individuals. This study used representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to comprehensively examine the association of thyroid hormones with different tests of cognitive functioning among US elderly people aged ≥60 years.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional preliminary study with a total of 734 participants from the NHANES 2011-2012 survey. Thyroid function was measured using competitive binding immune-enzymatic assays, while cognitive functioning was measured using a series of assessments, including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease-Word Learning (CERAD W-L), Animal Fluency Test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Weighted multiple linear regression models and binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between thyroid hormone levels and cognitive functioning. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0, and R software.

Results

Weighted multivariable linear regression showed that FT3 was negatively associated with the Animal Fluency Test and DSST (β=-0.113, 95% CI: -3.279, -0.803, P=0.001; β=-0.062, 95% CI: -6.565, -0.470, P=0.024, respectively) after adjustment for potential covariates. subgroup analysis stratified by sex revealed a negative association between FT3 levels and the Animal Fluency Test in men (β=-0.163, 95% CI: -4.643, -1.153, P=0.001). For female participants, FT3 was negatively associated with not only the Animal Fluency Test but also DSST (β=-0.099, 95% CI: -3.543, -0.093, P=0.039; β=-0.093, 95% CI: -10.288, -1.326, P=0.011). Binary logistic regression showed that the significantly increased adjusted odds ratios (aORs) (95% CI) between the risk of impaired cognitive functioning and FT3 across Q3 and Q4 compared with Q1 were 2.025 (1.092, 3.753) and 2.365 (1.261, 4.433), respectively, for DSST in overall participants. Furthermore, there were significant differences between participants with and without impaired cognitive functioning for serum FT3 levels in overall participants based on DSST score (P=0.020).

Conclusions

There was a significant inverse relationship between FT3 levels within the normal range and cognitive functioning after adjusting for potential covariates. Future longitudinal cohort studies should be conducted to determine the causal relationship between thyroid hormone levels and cognitive functioning.
Design of a triple port integrated topology for grid-integrated EV charging stations for three-way power flow
Authors: Tiwari Harshita , Ghosh Arnab , Banerjee Subrata , Mazumdar Debabrata , Sain Chiranjit , Ahmad Furkan , Ustun Taha Selim
Published: November 2024

Environmental fluctuations, solar irradiance, and ambient temperature significantly affect photovoltaic (PV) system output. PV systems should be efficient at the Maximum Power Point in various weather climates to maximize their potential power output. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is employed to plan a specific location that yields the maximum amount of power. Operating dispersed alternative energy sources connected to the grid in this situation makes energy control an unavoidable task. This research article suggests designing a power electronics converter topology that links sustainable resources and electric vehicles to the power grid. There are four modes of operation for this proposed converter topology: grid-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-grid, renewable-to-vehicle, and renewable-to-grid discussed. The three power electronic converters and their uses are discussed, and their controllers are also designed to maintain the energy balance and stability in all cases. The battery characteristics indicate the operating mode. The work primarily focuses on the converter’s Triple Port Integrated Topology (TPIT) power flow and voltage control. Here, three power converters integrate the TPIT with three systems-the electric grid, renewable energy, and electric vehicles-into one system. The source battery and solar photovoltaic (PV) array cells are integrated using unidirectional and bidirectional DC-DC converters. The future scope of the work is to investigate the potential of adding additional ports for integrating other energy resources, such as hydrogen fuel cells or additional renewable sources, to create a more versatile and robust energy management system for EV charging stations.
Research on static voltage stability enhancement for new energy station based on grid-forming control strategy
Authors: Wentao Sun , Guojing Liu , Yi Ge , Quanquan Wang , Hui Cai , Xingning Han , Wenjia Zhang
Published: November 2024

The advent of novel power systems has given rise to a multitude of safety and stability concerns associated with the integration of emerging energy sources and power electronic equipment. The active support of the grid-forming control strategy represents an effective solution to the voltage and frequency stability issues associated with the weak damping and low inertia inherent to high-ratio new energy systems. Firstly, a static voltage stability index based on critical impedance is proposed for assessment of the static stability margin of a new energy grid-connected system, based on the static voltage stability theory of a traditional single-unit single-load system. Secondly, an analysis is conducted of the control principle of the grid-forming control converter and its impedance characteristics. In conclusion, a method for enhancing the static voltage stability margin of grid-connected new energy stations through parameter control of grid-forming converters is presented. The simulation verification of the single-feed and multi-feed systems demonstrates the efficacy and accuracy of the methodology presented in this study.
The interplay between ferroptosis and inflammation: therapeutic implications for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion
Authors: He Yuxuan , Wang Jingyi , Ying Chunmiao , Xu Kang Li , Luo Jingwen , Wang Baiqiao , Gao Jing , Yin Zaitian , Zhang Yunke
Published: November 2024

Stroke ranks as the second most significant contributor to mortality worldwide and is a major factor in disability. Ischemic strokes account for 71% of all stroke incidences globally. The foremost approach to treating ischemic stroke prioritizes quick reperfusion, involving methods such as intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy. These techniques can reduce disability but necessitate immediate intervention. After cerebral ischemia, inflammation rapidly arises in the vascular system, producing pro-inflammatory signals that activate immune cells, which in turn worsen neuronal injury. Following reperfusion, an overload of intracellular iron triggers the Fenton reaction, resulting in an excess of free radicals that cause lipid peroxidation and damage to cellular membranes, ultimately leading to ferroptosis. The relationship between inflammation and ferroptosis is increasingly recognized as vital in the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Inflammatory processes disturb iron balance and encourage lipid peroxidation (LPO) through neuroglial cells, while also reducing the activity of antioxidant systems, contributing to ferroptosis. Furthermore, the lipid peroxidation products generated during ferroptosis, along with damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from ruptured cell membranes, can incite inflammation. Given the complex relationship between ferroptosis and inflammation, investigating their interaction in brain I/R is crucial for understanding disease development and creating innovative therapeutic options. Consequently, this article will provide a comprehensive introduction of the mechanisms linking ferroptosis and neuroinflammation, as well as evaluate potential treatment modalities, with the goal of presenting various insights for alleviating brain I/R injury and exploring new therapeutic avenues.
The role of neutrophils in osteosarcoma: insights from laboratory to clinic
Authors: Xia Ming , Han Yu , Sun Lihui , Li Dongbo , Zhu Chunquan , Li Dongsong
Published: November 2024

Osteosarcoma, a highly aggressive malignant bone tumor, is significantly influenced by the intricate interactions within its tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly involving neutrophils. This review delineates the multifaceted roles of neutrophils, including tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), in osteosarcoma’s pathogenesis. TANs exhibit both pro- and anti-tumor phenotypes, modulating tumor growth and immune evasion, while NETs facilitate tumor cell adhesion, migration, and immunosuppression. Clinically, neutrophil-related markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predict patient outcomes, highlighting the potential for neutrophil-targeted therapies. Unraveling these complex interactions is crucial for developing novel treatment strategies that harness the TME to improve osteosarcoma management.
Impact of climate change on the kelp Laminaria digitata – simulated Arctic winter warming
Authors: Trautmann Moritz , Bartsch Inka , Bligh Margot , Buck-Wiese Hagen , Hehemann Jan-Hendrik , Niedzwiedz Sarina , Plag Niklas , Shan Tifeng , Bischof Kai , Diehl Nora
Published: November 2024

The Arctic is seasonally exposed to long periods of low temperatures and complete darkness. Consequently, perennial primary producers have to apply strategies to maximize energy efficiency. Global warming is occurring in the Arctic faster than the rest of the globe. The highest amplitude of temperature rise occurs during Polar Night. To determine the stress resistance of the ecosystem-engineering kelp Laminaria digitata against Arctic winter warming, non-meristematic discs of adult sporophytes from Porsangerfjorden (Finnmark, Norway) were kept in total darkness at 0°C and 5°C over a period of three months. Physiological variables, namely maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis (Fv/Fm) and dry weight, as well as underlying biochemical variables including pigments, storage carbohydrates, total carbon and total nitrogen were monitored throughout the experiment. Although all samples remained in generally good condition with Fv/Fm values above 0.6, L. digitata performed better at 0°C than at 5°C. Depletion of metabolic products resulted in a constant decrease of dry weight over time. A strong decrease in mannitol and laminarin was observed, with greater reductions at 5°C than at 0°C. However, the total carbon content did not change, indicating that the sporophytes were not suffering from “starvation stress” during the long period of darkness. A decline was also observed in the accessory pigments and the pool of xanthophyll cycle pigments, particularly at 5°C. Our results indicate that L. digitata has a more active metabolism, but a lower physiological and biochemical performance at higher temperatures in the Arctic winter. Obviously, L. digitata is well adapted to Arctic Polar Night conditions, regardless of having its distributional center at lower latitudes. Despite a reduced vitality at higher temperatures, a serious decline in Arctic populations of L. digitata due to winter warming is not expected for the near future.
Readiness for professional practice among health professions education graduates: a systematic review
Authors: Wynne Katie , Mwangi Felista , Onifade Oyepeju , Abimbola Omotola , Jones Fiona , Burrows Julie , Lynagh Marita , Majeed Tazeen , Sharma Dileep , Bembridge Elizabeth , Stubbs Michelle , Sunner Carla , Bergmann Jessica , Bagade Tanmay , Malau-Aduli Bunmi S.
Published: November 2024

Readiness to practice is the state of being prepared and capable of engaging in professional activities in a specific field. Graduates of healthcare professions require a diverse set of skills, knowledge and attitudes to meet the demands of complex healthcare settings. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of readiness for professional practice among graduates of health professions education. It encompasses a wide range of articles published between 2013 and 2024, incorporating various health professions and utilizing a combination of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods designs. The review identified 93 studies from 32 diverse countries. The review revealed that factors influencing readiness to practice, include individual capabilities, the workplace context, and educational provision. It also explored strategies to enhance readiness to practice. The findings underscore the significance of addressing challenges such as lack of confidence, stress, communication, time management, job satisfaction, clinical experience, academic workload, teaching quality, mentorship and curriculum design. This comprehensive analysis serves as a valuable resource for healthcare educators, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to optimize the preparedness of graduates for the complexities of contemporary healthcare environments. Future studies should explore the interactions between readiness to practice stakeholders’ perception of the educational curriculum, and the quality of support in the professional practice environment.
Specific gut microbiome signatures predict the risk of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Yu Shicheng , Shi Jiayu , Yu Gaojie , Xu Jin , Dong Yiyao , Lin Yan , Xie Huijia , Liu Jiaming , Sun Jing
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Numerous studies have reported alterations in the composition of gut microbiota in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with changes becoming more pronounced as the disease progresses. However, the association between the progression of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and AIS remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the microbial differences among TIA, AIS, and healthy controls (HC) while exploring the associations between disease progression and gut microbiota.

Methods

Fecal samples were collected from acute TIA patients (n = 28), AIS patients (n = 235), and healthy controls (n = 75) and analyzed using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. We determined characteristic microbiota through linear discriminant analysis effect size and used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess their predictive value as diagnostic biomarkers.

Results

Our results showed significant gut microbial differences among the TIA, AIS, and HC groups. Patients with AIS exhibited higher abundances of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, along with lower abundances of Butyricicoccaceae and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004. Further analysis revealed that the abundance of characteristic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, was negatively correlated with HDL levels, while Lactobacillus was positively correlated with risk factors such as homocysteine (Hcy). In contrast, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 was negatively correlated with both Hcy and D-dimer levels. ROC models based on the characteristic bacteria Streptococcus and Lactobacillus effectively distinguished TIA from AIS, yielding areas under the curve of 0.699 and 0.626, respectively.

Conclusion

We identified distinct changes in gut bacteria associated with the progression from TIA to AIS and highlighted specific characteristic bacteria as predictive biomarkers. Overall, our findings may promote the development of microbiome-oriented diagnostic methods for the early detection of AIS.
Triple monoclonal protein-related kidney lesions in a patient with plasma cell dyscrasia: a case report
Authors: Alvi Arsalan , Gallan Alexander J. , Klomjit Nattawat
Published: November 2024

A toxic monoclonal protein typically results in a single kidney pathology due to the specific biophysical characteristics of monoclonal proteins. Multiple monoclonal protein lesions are rarely reported and often portend a poor prognosis. We present a 57-year-old male who developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis after concealed ruptured diverticulitis. A kidney biopsy showed light chain cast nephropathy, light chain proximal tubulopathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy. Laboratories showed IgG kappa with an M-spike of 0.2 g/dl and a kappa light chain of 16 mg/dl. A bone marrow biopsy showed 3% kappa-restricted plasma cells. The dramatic renal presentation despite the minimal hematological burden is suggestive of a highly toxic light chain, which is consistent with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS). Clone-directed therapy and a complement blockade were initiated. The patient remained dialysis-dependent despite a hematological response. This case highlights the importance of considering the toxic properties of monoclonal proteins in causing kidney diseases. Our case is the first report of an MGRS patient with three distinct kidney lesions. Triple monoclonal protein-related kidney lesions are very rare and are usually associated with multiple myeloma. Light chain cast nephropathy (LCCN) is a myeloma-defining event but his light chain (LC) (<50 mg/dl) and plasma cell (<10%) burdens were low which makes this case very unusual. Sepsis-induced low-flow stage and the toxic properties of LC may induce LCCN in this patient. Aggressive therapy is likely needed to eradicate the clone in order to achieve an organ response.
Headache disorders in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndromes and hypermobility spectrum disorders
Authors: Mehta Dwij , Simmonds Lucy , Hakim Alan J , Matharu Manjit
Published: November 2024

Extra-articular symptoms, including headaches, are frequently encountered in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD), and may be the presenting complaint. Migraine is reported in up to three quarters of patients with symptomatic joint hypermobility, have a higher headache frequency, and an earlier age of onset compared to the general population. Orthostatic headache is an important presentation, and should raise suspicion of an underlying spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak, dysautonomia, and craniocervical pathology, which are all associated with heritable connective tissue disorders (HCTD) including EDS. Any proposed invasive procedure should be scrupulously balanced against its potential risks, taking into account the type of EDS (e.g., vascular EDS) and its systemic manifestations. This is particularly pertinent when suspecting craniocervical instability since it remains a controversial diagnosis with a limited treatment evidence-base. This article reviews the commonly encountered headache disorders in patients with joint hypermobility-related conditions with a focus on EDS and HSD, describes their diverse presentations, and an overview of the recommended management strategies. It also emphasises the need for increased awareness of comorbid conditions in EDS and HSD among clinicians treating headaches to ensure a patient-tailored approach and facilitate a multidisciplinary approach in managing often complex cases.
Changes in symptom pattern in Meniere's disease by duration: the need for comprehensive management
Authors: Pyykkö Ilmari , Zou Jing , Vetkas Nora
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This retrospective study aimed to analyze the symptom profile of Meniere's disease (MD) patients, particularly focusing on the cessation of episodic vertigo and the disease's longitudinal course and the impact of major symptoms on quality of life (QoL).

Methods

The study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted on 365 out of 560 individuals with definite MD from the Finnish Vestibular and Meniere Federation, utilizing an internet-based questionnaire. Participants were surveyed on vertigo attacks, vestibular drop attacks (VDA), balance issues, selective cognitive complaints, hearing loss, and their effects on overall quality of life (QoL). The study population comprised 79.5% females and 20.5% males, with a mean age of 63 years and an average disease duration of 15.2 years.

Results

The onset of MD was characterized by simultaneous hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus in 38% of participants. There was a significant delay in diagnosis for many, with 20% experiencing a delay of over 5 years. The frequency and duration of vertigo attacks generally decreased over time, with attacks becoming shorter and less severe as the disease progressed. Spontaneous remission from episodic vertigo occurred in 34% of participants variably throughout the course of MD. Of the participants 65.5% reported balance issues, and 34% experienced mild VDAs, with severe falls occurring in 10%. VDAs were more common with longer disease duration. Bilateral hearing loss developed in 34.5% of participants over the long term, with a higher risk associated with younger onset age, migraines, and family history of MD. Fatigue, anxiety, and depression were prevalent, particularly among younger participants. Cognitive impairments were linked to the severity of these symptoms and the presence of constant dizziness. QoL was significantly lower among participants with constant dizziness, with factors like fatigue, depression, VDA, and hearing loss contributing to this reduction.

Conclusions

The study highlights the complexity of MD. While vertigo may spontaneously remit, other symptoms such as VDAs, balance issues, cognitive complaints, and hearing loss often persist and worsen over time. Assessing MD solely on primary symptoms like vertigo and hearing loss is insufficient; a comprehensive evaluation is necessary for effective management.
MicroRNAs regulating autophagy: opportunities in treating neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Mohseni Mahdi , Behzad Ghazal , Farhadi Arezoo , Behroozi Javad , Mohseni Hamraz , Valipour Behnaz
Published: November 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are increasingly prevalent in our aging population, imposing significant social and economic burdens. Currently, most ND patients receive only symptomatic treatment due to limited understanding of their underlying causes. Consequently, there is a pressing need for comprehensive research into the pathological mechanisms of NDs by both researchers and clinicians. Autophagy, a cellular mechanism responsible for maintaining cellular equilibrium by removing dysfunctional organelles and misfolded proteins, plays a vital role in cell health and is implicated in various diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert influence on autophagy and hold promise for treating these diseases. These small oligonucleotides bind to the 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs, leading to mRNA silencing, degradation, or translation blockade. This review explores recent findings on the regulation of autophagy and autophagy-related genes by different miRNAs in various pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration and inflammation-related diseases. The recognition of miRNAs as key regulators of autophagy in human diseases has spurred investigations into pharmacological compounds and traditional medicines targeting these miRNAs in disease models. This has catalyzed a new wave of therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating autophagy.
Spinal afferent neurons: emerging regulators of energy balance and metabolism
Authors: Jarrah Mohammad , Tasabehji Dana , Fraer Aviva , Mokadem Mohamad
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in neurophysiology have challenged the long-held paradigm that vagal afferents serve as the primary conduits for physiological signals governing food intake and energy expenditure. An expanding body of evidence now illuminates the critical role of spinal afferent neurons in these processes, necessitating a reevaluation of our understanding of energy homeostasis regulation. This comprehensive review synthesizes cutting-edge research elucidating the multifaceted functions of spinal afferent neurons in maintaining metabolic equilibrium. Once predominantly associated with nociception and pathological states, these neurons are now recognized as integral components in the intricate network regulating feeding behavior, nutrient sensing, and energy balance. We explore the role of spinal afferents in food intake and how these neurons contribute to satiation signaling and meal termination through complex gut-brain axis pathways. The review also delves into the developing evidence that spinal afferents play a crucial role in energy expenditure regulation. We explore the ability of these neuronal fibers to carry signals that can modulate feeding behavior as well as adaptive thermogenesis in adipose tissue influencing basal metabolic rate, and thereby contributing to overall energy balance. This comprehensive analysis not only challenges existing paradigms but also opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions suggesting potential targets for treating metabolic disorders. In conclusion, this review highlights the need for a shift in our understanding of energy homeostasis, positioning spinal afferent neurons as key players in the intricate web of metabolic regulation.