bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular phenotyping of laboratory mouse strains using 500 multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry plasma assays
Authors: Michaud Sarah A. , Sinclair Nicholas J. , Pětrošová Helena , Palmer Andrea L. , Pistawka Adam J. , Zhang Suping , Hardie Darryl B. , Mohammed Yassene , Eshghi Azad , Richard Vincent R. , Sickmann Albert , Borchers Christoph H.
Published: June 2018

Mouse is the predominant experimental model for the study of human disease due, in part, to phylogenetic relationship, ease of breeding, and the availability of molecular tools for genetic manipulation. Advances in genome-editing methodologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, enable the rapid production of new transgenic mouse strains, necessitating complementary high-throughput and systematic phenotyping technologies. In contrast to traditional protein phenotyping techniques, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry can be highly multiplexed without forgoing specificity or quantitative precision. Here we present MRM assays for the quantitation of 500 proteins and subsequently determine reference concentration values for plasma proteins across five laboratory mouse strains that are typically used in biomedical research, revealing inter-strain and intra-strain phenotypic differences. These 500 MRM assays will have a broad range of research applications including high-throughput phenotypic validation of novel transgenic mice, identification of candidate biomarkers, and general research applications requiring multiplexed and precise protein quantification.
Control of synchronization in models of hydrodynamically coupled motile cilia
Authors: Maestro Armando , Bruot Nicolas , Kotar Jurij , Uchida Nariya , Golestanian Ramin , Cicuta Pietro
Published: June 2018

In many organisms, multiple motile cilia coordinate their beating to facilitate swimming or driving of surface flows. Simple models are required to gain a quantitative understanding of how such coordination is achieved; there are two scales of phenomena, within and between cilia, and both host complex non-linear and non-thermal effects. We study here a model that is tractable analytically and can be realized by optical trapping colloidal particles: intra-cilia properties are coarse grained into the parameters chosen to drive particles around closed local orbits. Depending on these effective parameters a variety of phase-locked steady states can be achieved. We derive a theory that includes two mechanisms for synchronization: the flexibility of the motion along the predefined orbit and the modulation of the driving force. We show that modest tuning of the cilia beat properties, as could be achieved biologically, results in dramatic changes in the collective motion arising from hydrodynamic coupling.
Unexpected halide anion binding modes in meso-bis-ethynyl picket-calix[4]pyrroles: effects of meso-π (ethynyl) extension
Authors: Dutta Ranjan , Firmansyah Dikhi , Kim Jihoon , Jo Hongil , Ok Kang Min , Lee Chang-Hee
Published: June 2018

meso-Ethynyl extended aryl-picket calix[4]pyrroles 2 and 3 are designed and synthesized by directly anchoring arylethynyl groups at diametrically opposed meso-positions.
Small-angle X-ray scattering study on nano-scale structures controlled by water content in a binary water/ionic liquid system
Authors: Hashimoto Kei , Fujii Kenta , Kusano Takumi , Hirosawa Kazu , Shibayama Mitsuhiro
Published: June 2018

Nano-scale structures (microemulsion, lamellar, and vesicle) in binary water/[C4mIm][AOT] ionic liquid.
Probing the local interface properties at a graphene–MoSe2 in-plane lateral heterostructure: an ab initio study
Authors: Souza Everson S. , Scopel Wanderlã L. , Miwa Roberto H.
Published: June 2018

We report a theoretical study of the local interface properties at a graphene–MoSe2 (G–MoSe2) in-plane lateral heterostructure.
Dispersity, mesoporous structure and particle size modulation of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles with excellent adsorption performance
Authors: Tao Guiju , He Wenjun , Wang Yu , Yu Fengping , Ge Junwei , Yang Weimin
Published: June 2018

Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles with different dispersities, mesoporous structures and particle sizes, and excellent adsorption performance have been systematically synthesized.
Combined high alkalinity and pressurization enable efficient CO2 electroreduction to CO
Authors: Gabardo Christine M. , Seifitokaldani Ali , Edwards Jonathan P. , Dinh Cao-Thang , Burdyny Thomas , Kibria Md Golam , O’Brien Colin P. , Sargent Edward H. , Sinton David
Published: June 2018

The electroreduction of CO2 to CO is a promising strategy to utilize CO2 emissions while generating a high value product.
A practical method for fabricating perovskite solar cells with remarkable water resistance via additive engineering
Authors: Feng Guanqun , Guo Xiaochen , Li Faming , Liao Yulong , Hou Yuting , Liu Mingzhen
Published: June 2018

Perovskite solar cells with superb water resistance fabricated using modified precursor solutions to eliminate methylamine vacancies.
A novel class of functional additives for cyclability enhancement of the sulfur cathode in lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Kailong , Wang Liangbiao , Cai Wenlong , Wang Can , Li Gaoran , Li Zhoupeng , Mao Wutao , Qian Yitai
Published: June 2018

A novel and easy method improves the cycling performance of Li–S batteries by the facile addition of conventional lithium ion cathode materials.
A novel synthetic strategy of Fe-ZSM-35 with pure framework Fe species and its formation mechanism
Authors: Ju Xiaohua , Tian Fuping , Wang Yanli , Fan Fengtao , Feng Zhaochi , Li Can
Published: June 2018

A novel two-step crystallization process of Fe-ZSM-35 zeolite was designed, and analyzed by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy.
Identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers of cerebral infarction using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometrics
Authors: Li Ming-jiao , Xiao Hong , Qiu Yi-xing , Huang Jian-hua , Man Rong-yong , Qin Yan , Xiong Guang-hua , Peng Qing-hua , Jian Yu-qing , Peng Cai-yun , Zhang Wei-ning , Wang Wei
Published: June 2018

Cerebral infarction (CI) is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases and remains a major health problem worldwide.
Surface modification of a BN/ETDS composite with aniline trimer for high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties
Authors: Ryu Seokgyu , Oh Taeseob , Kim Jooheon
Published: June 2018

Boron nitride (BN) particles surface-treated with different amounts of aniline trimer (AT) were used to prepare thermally conductive polymer composites with epoxy-terminated dimethylsiloxane (ETDS).
Passivation against oxygen and light induced degradation by the PCBM electron transport layer in planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lin Chieh-Ting , Pont Sebastian , Kim Jinhyun , Du Tian , Xu Shengda , Li Xiaoe , Bryant Daniel , Mclachlan Martyn A. , Durrant James R.
Published: June 2018

The instability of perovskite solar cells under oxygen and light stress can be alleviated by choosing a suitable device interlayer and device configuration.
Correction: Continuous tuneable droplet ejection via pulsed surface acoustic wave jetting
Authors: Castro Jasmine O. , Ramesan Shwathy , Rezk Amgad R. , Yeo Leslie Y.
Published: June 2018

Correction for ‘Continuous tuneable droplet ejection via pulsed surface acoustic wave jetting’ by Jasmine O. Castro et al., Soft Matter, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02534c.
Metal–organic framework derived nanoporous carbons with highly selective adsorption and separation of xenon
Authors: Gong Youjin , Tang Yuanming , Mao Zhenghao , Wu Xiaonan , Liu Qiang , Hu Sheng , Xiong Shunshun , Wang Xiaolin
Published: June 2018

ZIF-11 derived nanoporous carbons exhibit significantly high Xe adsorption capacity and Xe/Kr selectivity under dilute condition for removal of Xe from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants.
Conjugated microporous polymers bearing phosphonate ligands as an efficient sorbent for potential uranium extraction from high-level liquid wastes
Authors: Xu Meiyun , Han Xiaoli , Wang Tao , Li Shenhua , Hua Daoben
Published: June 2018

Conjugated microporous polymers bearing phosphonate ligands are stable and efficient for uranium extraction under highly acidic and strong radioactive conditions.
A pseudo-two-dimensional conjugated polysquaraine: an efficient p-type polymer semiconductor for organic photovoltaics and perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xiao Qi , Wu Fei , Han MengMeng , Li Zhen , Zhu LinNa , Li Zhong'an
Published: June 2018

A new squaraine-based 2D conjugated polymer was developed as the donor material in polymer solar cells and dopant-free hole transporting material in inverted perovskite solar cells, reaching efficiencies of 6.35% and 18.29%, respectively.
Lysosome-targeting ratiometric fluorescent pH probes based on long-wavelength BODIPY
Authors: Zhu Mengliang , Xing Peipei , Zhou Yabin , Gong Lei , Zhang Jinghui , Qi Dongdong , Bian Yongzhong , Du Hongwu , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: June 2018

BODIPY-based ratiometric fluorescent probes show remarkable sensitivity under acidic conditions via a protonation-modulated ICT mechanism for monitoring lysosomal pH in living cells.
Breaching the wall: morphological control of efficacy of phthalocyanine-based photoantimicrobials
Authors: Galstyan Anzhela , Dobrindt Ulrich
Published: June 2018

In this paper, photophysical, theoretical and biological studies are combined, highlighting the importance of different characteristics for designing new and more effective PSs.
Enhancing the sensitization efficiency of erbium doped organic complexes by heavy halogen substitution
Authors: Hu J. X. , Karamshuk S. , Gorbaciova J. , Ye H. Q. , Lu H. , Zhang Y. P. , Zheng Y. X. , Liang X. , Motevalli M. , Abrahams I. , Hernández I. , Wyatt P. B. , Gillin W. P.
Published: June 2018

Photosensitisation of IR luminescence from an organic erbium complex is much greater with Zn(Cl-FBTZ)2 than with Zn(FBTZ)2.
Enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance of novel carbon-coated Fe3Si nanoparticles in an amorphous SiCO ceramic matrix
Authors: Hou Yongzhao , Xiao Bo , Yang Guowei , Sun Zhiyuan , Yang Wen , Wu Songsong , Huang Xiaoxiao , Wen Guangwu
Published: June 2018

Tunable electromagnetic properties and excellent thermo-stability are important criteria while choosing absorbers.
Computational realization of Dirac nodal point and Dirac nodal loop fermions in novel β-graphyne analogues
Authors: Nulakani Naga Venkateswara Rao , Subramanian Venkatesan
Published: June 2018

In this study, we have predicted four novel analogues of β-graphyne using density functional theory based first-principles calculations.
Evolution and wave-like properties of the average solar supergranule
Authors: Langfellner J. , Birch A. C. , Gizon L.
Published: June 2018

Context. Solar supergranulation presents us with many mysteries. For example, previous studies in spectral space have found that supergranulation has wave-like properties.

Aims. Here we study, in real space, the wave-like evolution of the average supergranule over a range of spatial scales (from 10 to 80 Mm). We complement this by characterizing the evolution of the associated network magnetic field.

Methods. We used one year of data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory to measure horizontal near-surface flows near the solar equator by applying time-distance helioseismology (TD) on Dopplergrams and granulation tracking (LCT) on intensity images. The average supergranule outflow (or inflow) was constructed by averaging over 10 000 individual outflows (or inflows). The contemporaneous evolution of the magnetic field was studied with HMI line-of-sight observations.

Results. We confirm and extend previous measurements of the supergranular wave dispersion relation to angular wavenumbers in the range 50 < kR⊙ < 270. We find a plateau for kR⊙ > 120. In real space, larger supergranules undergo oscillations with longer periods and lifetimes than smaller cells. We find excellent agreement between TD and LCT and obtain wave properties that are independent of the tracking rate. The observed network magnetic field follows the oscillations of the supergranular flows with a six-hour time lag. This behavior can be explained by computing the motions of corks carried by the supergranular flows.

Conclusions. Signatures of supergranular waves in surface horizontal flows near the solar equator can be observed in real space. These oscillatory flows control the evolution of the network magnetic field, in particular they explain the recently discovered east-west anisotropy of the magnetic field around the average supergranule. Background flow measurements that we obtain from Doppler frequency shifts do not favor shallow models of supergranulation.
Improving dynamical mass constraints for intermediate-period substellar companions using Gaia DR2
Authors: Calissendorff Per , Janson Markus
Published: June 2018

The relationship between luminosity and mass is of fundamental importance for direct imaging studies of brown dwarf and planetary companions to stars. In principle this can be inferred from theoretical mass-luminosity models; however, these relations have not yet been thoroughly calibrated, since there is a lack of substellar companions for which both the brightness and mass have been directly measured. One notable exception is GJ 758 B, a brown dwarf companion in a ~20 AU orbit around a nearby Sun-like star, which has been both directly imaged and dynamically detected through a radial velocity trend in the primary. This has enabled a mass constraint for GJ 758 B of 42+19−7 MJup. Here, we note that Gaia is ideally suited for further constraining the mass of intermediate-separation companions such as GJ 758 B. A study of the differential proper motion, Δμ, with regards to HIPPARCOS is particularly useful in this context, as it provides a long time baseline for orbital curvature to occur. By exploiting already determined orbital parameters, we show that the dynamical mass can be further constrained to 42.4+5.6−5.0 MJup through the Gaia-HIPPARCOS Δμ motion. We compare the new dynamical mass estimate with substellar evolutionary models and confirm previous indications that there is significant tension between the isochronal ages of the star and companion, with a preferred stellar age of ≤5 Gyr while the companion is only consistent with very old ages of ≥8 Gyr.
Cut finite element methods for partial differential equations on embedded manifolds of arbitrary codimensions
Authors: Burman Erik , Hansbo Peter , Larson Mats G. , Massing André
Published: June 2018

We develop a theoretical framework for the analysis of stabilized cut finite element methods for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a manifold embedded in ℝd of arbitrary codimension. The method is based on using continuous piecewise linears on a background mesh in the embedding space for approximation together with a stabilizing form that ensures that the resulting problem is stable. The discrete manifold is represented using a triangulation which does not match the background mesh and does not need to be shape-regular, which includes level set descriptions of codimension one manifolds and the non-matching embedding of independently triangulated manifolds as special cases. We identify abstract key assumptions on the stabilizing form which allow us to prove a bound on the condition number of the stiffness matrix and optimal order a priori estimates. The key assumptions are verified for three different realizations of the stabilizing form including a novel stabilization approach based on penalizing the surface normal gradient on the background mesh. Finally, we present numerical results illustrating our results for a curve and a surface embedded in
ℝ3.
Vaginal Seeding – eine neue beraterische Herausforderung
Authors: Wenderlein Prof. Dr. J. Matthias
Published: June 2018

Zum Artikel „Vaginal Seeding – Chance oder Risiko?“ in Ausgabe 1/ 2018 von Die Hebamme erreichte die Redaktion ein Leser-Kommentar von Prof. Dr. J. Matthias Wenderlein. Wir stellen diesen nachfolgend auszugsweise in der Rubrik Aktuelles zur Diskussion.
DNA Barcoding for the Identification of Phyllanthus Taxa Used Medicinally in Brazil
Authors: Inglis Peter , Mata Lorena , da Silva Marcos , Vieira Roberto , Alves Rosa de B.N. , Silva Dijalma , Azevedo Vânia
Published: June 2018

Plants of the genus Phyllanthus, principally Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus urinaria, Phyllanthus niruri, and Phyllanthus tenellus, are used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat kidney stones as well as other ailments, where the latter two species are listed in the Brazilian Pharmacopeia as quebra-pedra (stone-breaker). However, only P. niruri has been shown to be effective in a clinical setting. Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 – 5.8S rRNA-ITS2), internal transcribed spacer 2, and chloroplasts rbcL, matK, psbA-trnH, trnL, and trnL-trnF were screened for their potential as DNA barcodes for the identification of 48 Phyllanthus taxa in Brazilian medicinal plant germplasm banks and in “living pharmacies”. The markers were also tested for their ability to validate four commercial herbal teas labelled as quebra-pedra. Using the criterion of high clade posterior probability in Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, the internal transcribed spacer, internal transcribed spacer 2, and chloroplast matK, psbA-trnH, trnL, and trnL-trnF markers all reliably differentiated the four Phyllanthus species, with the internal transcribed spacer and matK possessing the additional advantage that the genus is well represented for these markers in the Genbank database. However, in the case of rbcL, posterior probability for some clades was low and while P. amarus and P. tenellus formed monophyletic groups, P. niruri and P. urinaria accessions could not be reliably distinguished with this marker. Packaged dried quebra-pedra herb from three Brazilian commercial suppliers comprised P. tenellus, but one sample was also found to be mixed with alfalfa (Medicago sativa). An herb marketed as quebra-pedra from a fourth supplier was found to be composed of a mixture of Desmodium barbatum and P. niruri.
Telangiectasia and Christmas Factor (Factor IX) Deficiency
Authors: Nour-Eldin F
Published: June 2018

The clinical and laboratory findings in a case of Christmas factor deficiency associated with vascular abnormality are reported.

The relation of this syndrome to Christmas disease and related conditions is discussed.
Critical Evaluation of the Fibrin Plate Method for Estimating Fibrinolytic Enzymes and Activators
Authors: Auerswald W , Doleschel W
Published: June 2018

1. Studies of the fibrinolytic effect of spontaneously activated plasmin preparations on normal and heated bovine fibrin plates showed that human plasmin preparations can be obtained, to which heated fibrin possesses a higher sensitivity than native fibrin.

2. The results suggest that spontaneously activated human plasmin prepared from an euglobulin fraction is more or less accompanied by an agent which acts as activator for bovine plasminogen contained in native fibrin plates. It seems that this agent is identical to a serum factor which acts physiologically as plasminogen activator and is also responsible for the socalled “spontaneous activation”.

3. The findings emphasize the necessity for standardizing testing procedures. Variations in processing the fibrinogen, variations in fibrinogen concentration, and especially in the duration of the heat treatment of the fibrin plates, may cause significant variations in the resulting sensitivity of the method which in turn may be reflected in diverging apparent activities.
Coagulation Studies in a Case of Hageman Trait
Authors: Loeliger E. A , Hensen A
Published: June 2018

After a brief review of the data concerning the cases of Hageman trait hitherto reported in the literature, a patient with severe Hageman factor (HF) “deficiency” (HF-activity below 0.05% of normal) is described. The patient has no haemorrhagic diathesis.

In vitro, intrinsic coagulability and fibrinolytic activity are grossly disturbed. On the basis of a diminished fibrinolytic activity in vivo, the rather high activity of several coagulation factors in patient’s plasma could be explained.

Thromboplastin formation, once initiated, is normal as to rate; the amount of thromboplastin formed is possibly slightly diminished. Prothrombin consumption is normal. These findings are in agreement with a normal rate ot clot formation, as measured by means of thrombelastography.

Normal HF seems to be an initiator of blood coagulation only and not an activator or a substrate involved in thromboplastin formation.

The weak anticoagulant property of Hageman trait plasma, described by several authors, is not necessarily due to an inhibitor; it can be explained by the assumption that, in Hageman trait, HF shows normal glass adsorbability and only a very deficient glass activation.
Progressive Antithrombin and Fibrinogen The Antithrombin Time According to Innerfield and its Relation to Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Greep J. M , Loeliger E. A , Roos J
Published: June 2018

Innerfield’s method of determining antithrombin III using plasma “defibrinated” by thrombin is submitted to criticsm. This method proves to involve insufficient defibrination: the higher the fibrinogen concentration of the plasma to be tested, the larger the fibrinogen remnant after “defibrination”. The residual fibrinogen interferes in the determinations of antithrombin III, as fibrin (antithrombin I) adsorbes thrombin; an increase in antithrombin III activity is suggested. This becomes manifest in all conditions associated with hyperfibrinogenaemia, including acute pancreatitis.
Antithrombin V: Critical Evaluation of its Assessment and Properties
Authors: Vermylen Carl , Verstraete Marc
Published: June 2018

1. The techniques used for assessment and detection of antithrombin V are discussed in detail.

2. The differentiation of antithrombin V from other causes, which may prolong the thrombin time, are presented.

3. The criteria were determined, which at the present time are required for the recognition of antithrombin V. Complementary experiments to perform in one case with antithrombin V are suggested.

4. The differentiation of the antithrombin from an antifibrinogen, as was proposed by Loeliger and Hers, is critically reviewed. A new base to classify the inhibitors of the fibrinogen conversion mechanism is proposed.
Purified Platelet Cofactor I and Purified Autoprothrombin II in Thromboplastin Generation Test
Authors: Ulutin Orhan N. , Mammen Eberhard F. , Seegers Walter H.
Published: June 2018

Purified bovine platelet cofactor I substituted for adsorbed plasma in the thromboplastin generation test when Ac-globulin was also supplied. Only 70 gamma/ml were needed. Purified bovine autoprothrombin II substituted for serum in the test. Only 9 gamma were equivalent to serum. Platelet cofactor I thus takes the place of the antihemophilic factor and autoprothrombin II substitutes for PTC and Stuart-Prower factor. We regard the autoprothrombin II preparation used as a single component derived from prothrombin.
The Standard Clot
Authors: von Kaulla Kurt N.
Published: June 2018

A method has been developed which allows fibrinolytic materials to be tested under standardized conditions on preformed plasma or fibrin clots. The clot is digested from one unvaried surface only. The progress of the digestion can be read directly as volume of clot digested as often as desired. The method is particularly suitable for serial studies with preformed clots from human plasma.
Influence of Erythrocytes and Calcium on Destruction of Platelets and on their Resin Affinity
Authors: Honorato R , Vásquez R , Schindler G
Published: June 2018

1. Destruction of platelets by glass and fixation of platelets by Amberlite IR 100 was studied.

2. A clear difference was established between platelets in whole blood, without anticoagulant and platelets in native plasma. Almost no platelets were destroyed or retained when in native plasma.

3. Male platelets in native plasma were clearly more resistant than female platelets in native plasma.

4. Differences were observed at different periods of the menstrual cycle.

5. Native male plasmas, very rich in platelets did not change in number after contact with glass or after passage through Amberlite IR 100. Thus calcium influenced neither destruction, nor fixation of platelets by resin.
Die Wirkung von Erdnüssen (Arachis hypogaea) und Erdnußextrakten auf die Gerinnungsfaktoren
Authors: Schmutzler Rolf
Published: June 2018

Mitteilungen von Boudreaux, nach Genuß von Erdnüssen bei klassisch Hämophilen einen deutlichen und immer wiederkehrenden hämostatischen Effekt bei Blutungsattacken beobachtet zu haben, regten zu eigenen Untersuchungen an, die Wirkungsweise von Erdnüssen und Erdnußextrakt in vitro und in vivo zu studieren. Es konnte keine Gerinnungsaktivierung der Faktoren II bis X, insbesondere keine Vermehrung der antihämophilen Globuline A oder B nach Applikation von Erdnüssen oder von Erdnußextrakt beobachtet werden. Der hämostatische Effekt bedient sich nicht der plasmatischen Gerinnungsfaktoren. Andere Möglichkeiten werden angedeutet.
Fibrinolytische Aktivität im Strahlensyndrom bei Hunden
Authors: Kopeć M , Wegrzynowicz Z , Lopaciuk S , Beer J
Published: June 2018

1. Es wurden 10 Hunde mit einer Dosis von 600 r Röntgenstrahlen (Dosisstärke 7 r/min) auf den Gesamtkörper bestrahlt.

2. Alle Hunde gingen unter Symptomen eines akuten Strahlensyndroms im Verlaufe von 2 Wochen zugrunde.

3. Die Lee-White-Zeit verlängerte sich vom 5.—7. Tage nach der Bestrahlung und erreichte 3- bis 6fach verlängerte Anfangswerte.

4. Die Rekalzifizierungszeit verlängerte sich erst vor dem Tode der Tiere unbedeutend.

5. Die Thrombinzeit veränderte sich nicht wesentlich.

6. Der Fibrinogenspiegel erhöhte sich bis zum 3fachen Anfangswert.

7. Die Fibrinolysezeit in Euglobulinen war verlängert.

8. Auch die proteolytische Aktivität der Euglobuline, gemessen mit J131- markiertem Fibrinogen, war verringert.

9. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß die Hemmung der fibrinolytischen und proteolytischen Aktivität der Euglobuline bei den bestrahlten Tieren durch einen Anstieg des Antiplasmingehalts bedingt ist.

10. Der Titer von Proaktivator und Plasminogen unterliegt keinen Veränderungen.
Enzymes and Blood Clotting. II. Autoprothrombin C, Russell’s Viper Venom (Stypven), and Trypsin
Authors: Ferguson John H , Wilson Ennis Ella Gray
Published: June 2018

In its dependence upon prothromboplastic phosphatide and calcium ions, in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, Autoprothrombin C is a thromboplastic enzyme. The only other demonstrated accessory factor is V, and any needs for VII, X, XI, or XII are ruled out by the present experiments, as were VIII or IX formerly. The lipid requirement may be satisfied by either phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), purified from human blood platelets. Comparisons are made with Russell’s viper venom (“stypven”), and with trypsin. The trypsin potentiation of factors VII and X is prevented by pancreatic inhibitor (PI). However, when PI is added after this maximal potentiation, it is no longer inhibitory. The present status of knowledge concerning enzymes in relation to blood coagulation is discussed.
The Relation of Factors XII, XI, and IX to Hypercoagulable States
Authors: Thomas Duncan P , Wessler Stanford , Reimer Stanley M
Published: June 2018

Evidence has been obtained in rabbits that the reduction of the silicone whole blood clotting time to the normal glass range reflects a hypercoagulable state attributable to circulating activated factors XII and XI. The potential clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
The Prothrombin Consumption Time Test in Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Quick Armand J , Geppert Martha
Published: June 2018

The serum from adult platelet-poor plasma has a residual prothrombin content nearly as high as that of the plasma when measured by either the prothrombin consumption test or the two-stage method of Ware and Seegers. Good agreement between the two methods is obtained when the prothrombin concentration is altered by such means as absorption with Ca3(PO4)2. The prothrombin consumption test is a simple but delicate measure of the function of platelets in the generation of intrinsic thromboplastin.
An in vivo Trial of an Anti-Adhesive Drug
Authors: O‘Brien J. R
Published: June 2018

Ro-30837 given by mouth to seven people produced a variable but definite prolongation of the bleeding time and greater blood loss. This effect was probably due to a decrease in platelet adhesiveness.
Influence of Plasmin on the Clotting and Anticlearing Activities of Platelets
Authors: Niewiarowski S , Popławski A , Prokopowicz J
Published: June 2018

Platelet factor 4 (antiheparin factor) is rapidly destroyed by plasmin. This phenomenon occurs as well in platelet suspensions as in their extracts.

Platelet factor 4 is more sensitive to the plasmin action than platelet factor 1. Platelet factor 3 is resistant to the plasmin action.

Platelet inhibitor of the clearing reaction is partially inactivated by plasmin.
Experimentelle Beiträge zur Bestimmung der Leistungsfähigkeit gerinnungsphysiologischer Untersuchungsmethoden
Authors: Berghoff A , Glatzel H
Published: June 2018

Die Angaben über Zusammenhänge zwischen Blutgerinnung und Ernährung sind vielfach unvereinbar. Es bedarf der Klärung, wieweit diese Unterschiede auf unzureichender Berücksichtigung der methodischen Fehler zurückzuführen sind.

Die methodischen Fehlerbreiten und die interindividuellen Schwankungen wurden daher auf Grund eigener Untersuchungen mit Hilfe geeigneter statistischer Methoden bestimmt für die Thrombozytenzählung,, die Bestimmung der thromboplastischen Aktivität und die Thrombelastographie.

Der methodische Fehler sm beträgt bei unmittelbarer 2”ählung der Thrombozyten im Zitratblut ± 4,3%, bei Zählung nach mechanischer Belastung im Zitratblut ± 4,9%, bei unmittelbarer Zählung im Sequestrenblut ± 6,1% und bei Zählung nach mechanischer Belastung im Sequestrenblut ± 7,3%. In jedem Fall ist die interindividuelle Streuung hoch signifikant größer als der methodische Fehler.

Im Rahmen der thromboplastischen Aktivität beträgt der methodische Fehler für die Bestimmung der serumständigen Faktoren der Vorphase (Faktor IX, PTA, StuartPrower-Faktor) ± 7,2%, für die Bestimmung der plasmaständigen Faktoren der Vorphase (Faktor V, VIII, XI und XII) ± 8,1%. Die Bestimmung der interindividuellen Schwankungsbreite der letzteren ergibt eine Streuung s von 20% des Mittelwertes, die Bestimmung der interindividuellen Schwankungsbreite der serumständigen Faktoren eine Streuung s von 12,3% des Mittelwertes. Bei der Auswertung des Thromboplastinbildungstestes wird ein neues Verfahren angewandt, bei dem die Aktivität des gebildeten Thromboplastins und die Geschwindigkeit der Thromboplastinbildung Berücksichtigung finden.

Im Thrombelastogramm beträgt der methodische Fehler sm für die Reaktionszeit r 18,8%, für die Gerinnselbildungszeit k 18,3%, für r + k 4,0%, für die maximale Amplitude ma 4,2% und für tg a 16,1%, die interindividuellen Schwankungsbreiten entsprechend 22,9%, 31,1%, 34,2%, 10,5% und 23,9%.
Veränderungen der freien Thrombozytennukleotide beim Sanarelli-Shwartzman-Phänomen
Authors: Weber E , Malessa S , Lasch H. G
Published: June 2018

Beim Sanarelli-Shwartzman-Phänomen des Kaninchens findet man neben anderen Gerinnungsstörungen auch eine verminderte Retraktionsfähigkeit des Blutes. Ursache hierfür ist ein Verlust von energiereichem Phosphat (ATP) in den Thrombozyten, welches offenbar mit anderen Nukleotiden die geschädigten Plättchen verläßt. Es kann dabei eine quantitative Beziehung zwischen dem ATP-Gehalt der Plättchen und dem m-Wert des TEG nachgewiesen werden. Für die Thrombozytenschädigung wird intravasal auftretendes Thrombin verantwortlich gemacht, welches die viskose Metamorphose startet, die Permeabilität verändert und so die Blutplättchen zum Untergang vorbereitet. Quantitative und qualitative Plättchenveränderungen sind die Folge. Freiwerdende Plättchen- lipide gehen im Rahmen der Thrombokinasefunktion des Blutes in den ubiquitären intravasalen Gerinnungsprozeß ein. Die konsekutive Thrombozytopathie bzw. experimentelle “Thrombasthenie” bietet gewissermaßen im Modell weitere Ansatzpunkte für Thrombozytenstudien.
An in Vitro Study of the Hemostatic Mechanism of the Hibernating Hedgehog
Authors: Hjort Peter F , Eliassen Einar
Published: June 2018

Conclusions and Summary

Previous authors have demonstrated that hibernating animals have a prolonged clotting time which is neutralized by protamine. They have concluded — teleologically — that the animals are protected against thrombosis by heparin.

We have studied coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelets in hedgehogs before, during and after hibernation:

1. Half of the hibernating animals had moderate to very large amounts of a heparin-like anticoagulant. This was the most striking finding, but since it was lacking in half of the animals, it was not necessary for survival.

2. The prothrombin time (with hedgehog thromboplastin) increased from 11.1 to 14.1 sec. Factor VII increased, and factors II—X and V decreased slightly. Hibernating animals are probably not vitamin K deficient.

3. The recalcification time was prolonged in the hibernating animals, while the cephalin time was not. The Russell viper venom time also appeared to be relatively more prolonged without than with cephalin. Decrease in plasma lipids may be a significant factor during hibernation.

4. Fibrinogen decreased moderately. The fibrinolytic activity of the euglobulin fraction was increased during hibernation, but not in all animals.

5. The platelet count remained unchanged.

6. In hibernating animals there was suggestive evidence of a weak anticoagulant which was not neutralized by Polybrene.

7. Cold markedly retards coagulation: the thromboplastin and recalcification times increased 10 times when the temperature decreased from 37° to 4° C.

These observations suggest that the hemostatic mechanism changes in a complex manner during hibernation.
Über Methoden zur Erzeugung experimenteller Thrombosen am Kaninchenohr und die Bedeutung von 5-Hydroxytryptamin bei deren Entstehung
Authors: Baumgartner H. R , Studer A , Reber K
Published: June 2018

Die Intima der Marginalvene des Kaninchenohres wurde unter Variation der Technik traumatisiert. Das Studium der Histogenese der in der Folge entstehenden Thromben und die Beeinflussung der Thrombogenese durch verschiedene Pharmaka an insgesamt 249 Tieren führte zu folgenden Ergebnissen:

1. Die Traumatisierung der Intima induziert rasch an Größe zunehmende Ablagerungen wandständiger Thrombozytenaggregate, die meist von einem Leukozytensaum umgeben sind (= thrombotische Ab Scheidungen). Die in den Lücken zwischen den thrombotischen Abscheidungen stagnierenden Erythrozyten werden später durch Fibrin in den entstehenden Abscheidungsthrombus eingeschlossen.

2. Eine zuverlässige Beurteilung der Thromboseentstehung durch Inspektion der Marginalvene in vivo ist nicht möglich.

3. MAO-Hemmer beeinflussen Zahl und Größe der nach Traumatisierung der Marginalvenenintima gebildeten Abscheidungsthromben nicht.

4. Während der ersten Minuten nach dem Setzen der Intimaläsion wird das intravasale Geschehen jedoch durch MAO-Hemmer signifikant beeinflußt und zwar im Sinne einer Hemmung der Entstehung thrombotischer Abscheidungen.

5. 5-Hydroxytryptamin hemmt die Entstehung thrombotischer Abscheidungen ebenfalls signifikant. Die Kombination eines MAO-Hemmers mit 5-Hydroxytryptamin hemmt die Bildung thrombotischer Abscheidungen in signifikant stärkerem Maße als MAO-Hemmer oder 5-Hydroxytryptamin allein.

6. Nach Applikation des Serotoninantagonisten Ro 3—0837 können signifikant mehr und größere thrombotische Abscheidungen nachgewiesen werden.

Diese Befunde führen zur Hypothese, daß die Hemmung der Entstehung thrombotischer Abscheidungen durch eine Akkumulation von 5-Hydroxytryptamin in den Thrombozyten und möglicherweise in der Gefäßwand zustande kommt.
The Mechanism of Platelet Aggregation in Relation to Hemostasis
Authors: Käser-Glanzmann R , Lüscher E. F
Published: June 2018

The finding that ADP induces the aggregation of human blood platelets is confirmed. Under the influence of thrombin platelets release enough. ADP to account for their mutual aggregation during viscous metamorphosis. Other nucleotides liberated under the same conditions are ATP and AMP. The nucleotides released from platelets during VM have been separated by chromatography and a molar ratio of ATP : ADP : AMP = 1 : 5 : 3 has been found. It is concluded that platelet aggregation by ADP in the course of the formation of the hemostatic plug is a self contained process normally independent of the presence of other blood cells.
Untersuchungen über den Faktor IX
Authors: Egli H , Schneider W
Published: June 2018

Unter Berücksichtigung früherer Befunde, nach denen der Nachweis einer vollen Faktor-IX-Aktivität eine vorausgehende, in Gegenwart von Kalzium erfolgende Kontaktaktivierung des zu testenden Substrats durch benetzbare Oberflächen voraussetzt, wird die Aktivität des Faktors IX in Plasma und Serum untersucht. Um dekalzifizierende Maßnahmen zu vermeiden, werden die Bestimmungen der Plasmaaktivität in heparinisiertem, thrombozytenfreiem Nativplasma durchgeführt. Zur Ausschaltung einer möglichen Heparinwirkung wird das zu testende Serum in gleicher Weise wie Nativplasma mit Heparin versetzt. Die Heparinkonzentration war mit 0,075 E/ml Nativplasma oder Serum so gewählt, daß sie die Aktivität des Faktors IX selbst nicht beeinflußte (Tab. 1).

Mit diesen methodischen Voraussetzungen läßt sich im Normalplasma ebenso wie im Plasma eines Patienten mit Hämophilie B keine oder nur eine sehr geringe Faktor-IX-Aktivität nachweisen. Unter gleichen Bedingungen findet sich dagegen in Normalserum eine hohe, in Hämophilie-B-Serum dagegen wiederum keine oder nur eine sehr geringe Faktor-IX-Aktivität. Hinsichtlich der Faktor-IX-Aktivität ergeben sich somit zwischen Normalplasma und Hämophilie-B-Plasma keine Unterschiede. Daraus folgt, daß die Hämophilie B nicht durch einen plasmatischen Defekt, sondern durch eine gestörte Faktor-IX-Bildung während des Gerinnungsablaufes charakterisiert ist.

Das Fehlen einer Faktor-IX-Aktivität in Normalplasma macht es möglich, in Einstufentests zur Bestimmung des Faktors IX Normalplasma als „Faktor-IX-Mangelplasma“ an Stelle von Hämophilie-B-Plasma zu verwenden, was an einigen Beispielen demonstriert wird (Abb. 1 und 2, Tab. 2).

Sowohl bei Verwendung von Hämophilie-B-Plasma als auch bei Verwendung von Normalplasma als „Faktor-IX-Mangelplasma“ läßt sich in Serum, das unter Silikontechnik gewonnen wurde, ebensowenig wie im Serum eines Patienten mit Hageman-Defekt eine nennenswerte Faktor-IX-Aktivität nachweisen. Aus diesen und früheren eigenen Befunden sowie einer kürzlichen Mitteilung von Duckert wird gefolgert, daß die Entstehung einer maximalen Faktor-IX-Aktivität neben einem abgelaufenen Gerinnungsvorgang, der zur Bildung einer „Faktor-IX-Vorstufe“ führt, der Mitwirkung von Hageman-Faktor, PTA und Kalzium sowie eines ausreichenden Kontaktes mit benetzbaren Oberflächen bedarf. Im Unterschied zur inaktiven „Faktor-IX-Vorstufe“ wird der vollaktive Faktor IX als Intermediärprodukt und nicht als isolierter Gerinnungsfaktor angesehen.
The Ultrastructure of Haemostatic Blood Platelet Plugs in Rabbit Mesenterium
Authors: Kjærheim Äsmund , Hovig Torstein
Published: June 2018

Haemostatic blood platelet plugs were provoked by transection of arterioles and venules in the exposed rabbit mesentery, immersed in Zweifach’s solution at 38° C.

1. Platelets from the blood stream adhered to the perivascular connective tissue as a capsule.

2. The plugs consisted almost entirely of platelets, with sparse admixture of erythrocytes.

3. The majority of the platelets were more or less homogeneous already after 45 seconds, but even platelets with fairly good preservation of inner structure were present. In most instances platelet membranes were intact.

4. The platelets were in close contact with each other, both before haemostasis and after, the distance between the platelet membranes being 200—400 Å. Numerous pseudopods filled in the gaps between neighbouring platelets. The term “viscous metamorphosis” is discussed and criticised from an ultrastructural point of view.

5. Fibrin was found at the surface of the plugs and occasionally close to the surface, but never in the interior. This lends no support to the belief that fibrin plays a mechanical role as a framework within the plug.
Das normale Thrombelastogramm
Authors: Schneider W , Rodermund O.-E , Egli H
Published: June 2018

1. Bei 147 jugendlichen Versuchspersonen beiderlei Geschlechts wurden die thrombelastographischen Normalwerte im Nativblut ermittelt. Dabei ergaben sich die Werte r = 12ʹ 26ʺ (Standardabweichung s = ± 1ʹ 34ʺ), k = 5ʹ 53ʺ (s = ±1ʹ 1ʺ) und mε = 108 (s = ± 17,7) für das Gesamtkollektiv. Eine Gegenüberstellung der Ergebnisse der männlichen und weiblichen Versuchspersonen zeigte keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen beiden Gruppen.

2. Es wird gezeigt, daß Thrombelastogramme, die unter Verwendung von Zitratvollblut gewonnen wurden, bei geeigneter Rekalzifizierungstechnik die gleiche Empfindlichkeit und Streuungsbreite der Meßwerte wie bei Verwendung von Nativblut aufweisen. Danach erscheint die Verwendung von Zitratvollblut für klinische Zwecke besonders brauchbar.

Die mit Zitratvollblut an 127 Versuchspersonen beiderlei Geschlechts gewonnenen Normalwerte sind: r = 8ʹ 25ʺ (s = ± 1ʹ 2ʺ), k = 4ʹ 4ʺ (s = 47ʺ) und mε = 109 (s = ± 17,3).
The Coagulation Defect in Hypervitaminosis A in Rats
Authors: Israels L. G , Foerster J , Zipursky A
Published: June 2018

Rats fed vitamin A, 70 000 u daily for a period of 28 days developed a hemorrhagic state characterized by a prolonged prothrombin time and stypven time, a marked reduction in prothrombin and the factor VII-complex, and an inconstant decrease in factor V activity. A serum defect in thromboplastin generation was also noted. The defects in the extrinsic system were prevented by the simultaneous daily feeding of 60 μg to 120 μg of vitamin K1 but this did not uniformly prevent the serum defect in thromboplastin generation which is thought to represent a depletion in factor IX.
Hageman Factor Deficiency. (Demonstrated by Indirect Glass Activation)
Authors: Gormsen J
Published: June 2018

Hageman factor deficiency was found in a 23-year-old man with a considerably prolonged clotting time, but no haemorrhagic diathesis. The investigations showed pronounced heparin sensitivity, delayed and reduced thromboplastin generation, delayed, but marked thrombin generation, and a prolonged partial thromboplastin time. The defect was completely eliminated by indirect glass activation experiments using plasma with a partial factor VIII, IX, and PTA deficiency as well as a p-p of l% (after phenylindanedione). Normal platelets almost completely corrected defect, whereas the patient’s own platelets could not exert this activity until they had been suspended in normal plasma. Erythrocyte haemolysate in a weak concentration completely eliminated the coagulation defect.
Prophylaxe venöser Thromboembolien bei hämatologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Rasche H.
Published: June 2018

Im Gegensatz zur operativen Medizin und bestimmten Teilgebieten der inneren Medizin (z.B. Kardiologie) fehlen in der Hämatologie systematische Untersuchungen zur Häufigkeit und Prophylaxe intravital auftretender thromboembolischer Komplikationen unter Verwendung objektiver Metho-den (z.B. Radiojod-Fibrinogentest). Bis zum Vorliegen entsprechender Befunde ist es zweckmäßig, die gesicherten Erfahrungen anderer Disziplinen im Sinne eines Analogieschlusses für das Spezialgebiet Hämatologie verfügbar zu machen. Diese Überlegung gilt insbesondere beim Vorhegen allgemeiner Risikofaktoren wie fortgeschrittenes Lebensalter, körperliche Immobilisation, thrombotische Komplikationen in der Anamnese, Übergewicht und maligne Grundkrankheit (z.B. malignes Lymphom). In diesen Fällen sind die bekannten Maßnahmen der physikalischen und medikamentösen Thromboembolieprophyla-xe großzügig einzusetzen. Bei myeloproliferativen Syndromen, reaktiven Thrombozytosen, bestimmten Formen der hämolytischen Anämie sowie seltenen Koagulopathien müssen besondere Gesichtspunkte berücksichtigt werden.
Venenthromboseprophylaxe in der Gravidität – vom Standpunkt der Nebenwirkungen von Antithrombotika aus betrachtet
Authors: Wuppermann Th. , Marx R.
Published: June 2018

Die besonders in den letzten Jahren beschriebenen Nebenwirkungen der peroralen Antikoagulation und von Heparin in der Gravidität machen künftig eine differenzierende Venen-thromboseprophylaxe in der Schwangerschaft nötig. Das Sammeln weiterer klinischer Erfahrungen über die Verwendbarkeit von Antithrombin-III-Konzentraten, sowohl zur Substitution bei Antithrombin-III-Defekt-Thrombophilen als auch zur Senkung des Heparinbedarfs bei thrombophi-len Graviden ohne hereditäre Anti-thrombin-III-Anomalie, erscheint wichtig.
Surgical Treatment of Carotid-cavernous Fistula Performed through the Brazilian Unified Health System
Authors: Luna Ilanna Sobral de , Costa Airan Lobo da
Published: June 2018

Introduction The carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between the arterial carotid system and the cavernous sinus. In most cases, spontaneous fistulas are due to the rupture of intracavernous carotid artery aneurisms. Traumatic fistulas occur in 0.2% of head injuries, and 75% of all CCFs are caused by automobile accidents or penetrating traumas.

Objective To identify the data regarding the number of annual procedures, hospital expenses, length of hospital stay, and the number of deaths of patients admitted by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym), in the period between 2007 and 2017, using the surgical code of the surgical treatment for CCF.

Methods The present was an ecological study whose data were obtained by consulting the database provided by the Department of Computer Sciences of the Brazilian Unified Health System (Datasus, in Portuguese).

Results A total of 85 surgical procedures were performed for the treatment of CCFs from January 2007 to October 2017 through the Unified Health System (SUS, in Portuguese), and there was a reduction of 71.42% in this period. The annual incidence of patients undergoing this surgical treatment during the period observed remained low, with 1 case per 13,135,714 in 2007, and 1 case per 51,925,000 in 2017.

Conclusion Despite the low annual incidence of the surgical treatment of CCFs performed by the SUS in Brazil in the period of 2007–2017, based on the data obtained on the average length of stay and expenditures in hospital services, it is necessary that we develop an adequate health planning.
Quantifying transient spreading dynamics on networks
Authors: Wolter Justine , Lünsmann Benedict , Zhang Xiaozhu , Schröder Malte , Timme Marc
Published: June 2018

Spreading phenomena on networks are essential for the collective dynamics of various natural and technological systems, from information spreading in gene regulatory networks to neural circuits and from epidemics to supply networks experiencing perturbations. Still, how local disturbances spread across networks is not yet quantitatively understood. Here, we analyze generic spreading dynamics in deterministic network dynamical systems close to a given operating point. Standard dynamical systems' theory does not explicitly provide measures for arrival times and amplitudes of a transient spreading signal because it focuses on invariant sets, invariant measures, and other quantities less relevant for transient behavior. We here change the perspective and introduce formal expectation values for deterministic dynamics to work out a theory explicitly quantifying when and how strongly a perturbation initiated at one unit of a network impacts any other. The theory provides explicit timing and amplitude information as a function of the relative position of initially perturbed and responding unit as well as depending on the entire network topology.
Long-time asymptotics for the Kundu–Eckhaus equation on the half-line
Authors: Guo Boling , Liu Nan
Published: June 2018

The long-time asymptotics of the Kundu–Eckhaus equation on the half-line are studied in the present paper. Based on a nonlinear steepest descent analysis of the associated Riemann–Hilbert problem, we can give the precise asymptotic formulas for the solution of the Kundu–Eckhaus equation on the half-line.